025: {X} {B} {X} {X} Ambulance there Highway man Interviewer: But it looked bad 025: It's just about everyday down there. {NS} Interviewer: But it looked bad 025: A lot's happened captain They've closed this road round to Gatlinburg {X} through there and the traffic all comes through here Interviewer: I see 025: That's what's the matter Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: They're- I reckon gonna do something pretty soon Interviewer: What's the date today? Do you know? 025: I don't know It's about the twenty-fifth I guess Sounds like it ought to be {NS} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Think it is the twenty-fifth 025: It's the twenty-sixth Interviewer: Okay It's good It's good for old brains to know what day it Uh It is Now you started telling me before about this community Could you ex- Uh What- What is the community called? 025: Wears Valley Interviewer: And the uh Uh And what's your full name? 025: {B} Interviewer: And where were you born? 025: Right here Interviewer: Would you tell me something about your now about your uh your own background and about your family? {NS} 025: Well I can go on back to my great, great granddaddy first settlers ever come in here I've got a record of that on paper They come to this country in seventeen and ninety-four and settled when the Indians left and settled here that's the first white settlers was ever in Wears Valley and he entered land great grand- my great, great granddaddy my granddaddy's granddaddy anyway Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and he entered land here so part of the generation is still here Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: and that was in seventeen and ninety-four and what land I've got- I've got around a hundred acres of land here, and what land I've got has never changed names Interviewer: {NS} Is that right? #1 Is that right? # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: This farm has been under the {B} that right? Now That was that That was your father's uh That was my grandfather's grandfather Uh-huh okay And that was on your- your father's side? 025: my father's side Interviewer: and where was your mother born? 025: She was borned in Gatlinburg My mother was wed But now she died when I was a baby and I can't give you too much background on the {D: Whaleys} because far as that end Gatlinburg is a long ways far #1 {D: at that time} # Interviewer: #2 Sure # 025: and she died She come to Wears Valley teach school and she taught the second school Little Greenbrier over there over there in the park there, little old school house is still over there Interviewer: Where'd your father meet your mother? How did they-? 025: She come to Wears Valley to teach school Interviewer: I see your your father How uh- How much formal education did your mother have? 025: Well now I don't know back then they I guess they had I guess they'd let them teach just kind of what they gotten out for high school, you know Interviewer: Uh huh and 025: Gatlinburg turned outside of school teachers and preachers Interviewer: Uh huh 025: A lot of them I don't know where they got their education Interviewer: How big was Gatlinburg at that time? 025: Well Gatlinburg was just back up there in the mountains that was all, it wasn't big at all Interviewer: Mm-hmm 025: Gatlinburg never did build up 'til the park took it over Interviewer: Mm-hmm 025: In nineteen and twenty-six My grandfather {X} Had a doctor Doctor Huffman he was a German doctor He lived over on Hills creek I got some fellows to go and get him and I stood three days getting him out here and I had to take him back and I had to take him back in a horse and buggy and then they was just {X} that was in twenty-six {X} store that's there now and another {X} there and Andy {X} built his hotel up there he had built that just to feed his sawmill man you know and it just wasn't- Gatlinburg was just a wide place in the road Just back to the mountains It wasn't no town Or no nothing and that's all built up since the park took over see that's what put Gatlinburg on the {X} was the park and they built that road across the mountain and the North {X} Interviewer: When did the park When was the park Did the park really start developing? 025: About thirty third-ish I don't know just exactly what year but early thirties Interviewer: And how far is the park from here? 025: Now the park comes from the watershed to that big mountain Interviewer: So it's just about a couple miles over here? 025: I guess, a little over that I can show you out there, but now I've always heard my grandpa say that Wears valley is six miles long and four miles wide Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: and uh right over here is just it ain't but a mile Probably over there I guess it would be according to that it'd be three miles from here {X} to the park. Interviewer: Right. Let me just get myself straight now in directions What What direction is that? 025: That's East here is East Interviewer: #1 That's East # 025: #2 East # and that back this way is West Interviewer: Okay 025: That way is South and George {X} north Interviewer: Right now how far is it from here to the Blunt county line? 025: Four miles Interviewer: Four miles Uh That would be 025: Due South right about South Southwest Interviewer: Now Um What's your address here? 025: Route seven's here Interviewer: Say that again please 025: Route seven Sevier Interviewer: Okay and the county? 025: Sevier Interviewer: And the state 025: Tennessee Interviewer: And uh your occupation? 025: I've always farmed that's all I've ever known Interviewer: Okay uh and how old are you? 025: I'm seventy-six years old Interviewer: and your church? 025: Methodist Interviewer: What's the name of the church? 025: Wears Valley Methodist Interviewer: And uh- could you tell me a little more about Wears valley how many people are there you said it was four miles by six miles but how about the- um- how many- how many people are here? 025: Oh Lord I don't know Earl could you tell more about that that I can the biggest part of them A lot of them you know are Registered up Out there as farmer And the rest of them work still in {X} Here and yonder {X} I don't know. I wouldn't have no idea what the population is If you go back to the census a few years ago Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: That's the only way you'd find that Interviewer: Well 025: I couldn't tell you and nobody else can't tell you Interviewer: Is your general feeling though that are more people here now than before? or fewer? 025: Oh Lord There's several times more people than the last thirty or forty years ago They come and go You see when that park people were gonna run them out of the park They just went to the four winds {X} a lot of them come here just wherever they can {X} at the place you know might even come out of the park and people's just coming from everywhere else Florida and anyone then where they can buy a piece of land {X} building {D: there's a man} built right on top of that mountain over there Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: come from Florida here and they've come from other places you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: There ain't too many of the old timers here Interviewer: But you say there are more people here from from out of state than than uh now in the in the 025: well a lot of them it's hard to say there's there's as many as is the old timers and the people that's borned and reared here Interviewer: uh-huh 025: there's a side of people that's come out of the park Just like I told you and the other #1 places # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Wear Valley's a land high in here and people is hunting it you just name it you just get on and sell the piece of land on pricing Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: It's nearly as high as Desmond Gatlinburg owner out in the city Interviewer: Is that right? 025: Yeah. I reckon it's just because that park Interviewer: Alright 025: people want people like Wears Valley Interviewer: I can understand that 025: They like to come in here and build they're coming here from other places anywhere they can buy there's people in here that you don't know they're here hardly 'til you hear something about them Interviewer: {NW} Do you uh- Uh uh Could you tell me something about the school you went to? 025: I went to- there used to be a school right up here on my land They called it the Crowson School. I went there 'til the end of I don't know probably nineteen ten or nineteen and twelve and then the Presbyterians come in here and build a school they call {X} and they run it awhile the Presbyterians and then they sold it to the county it's still going on and building new the old school house got burned up that I went to and they build a new brick school up here It's a {X} or something like that up to the school- #1 house # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 025: I finished touch finished the rest of my schooling there Interviewer: At- at the Wear Woods 025: Wear Woods school Interviewer: Okay and how old were you when you stopped uh school? When you finished? 025: Well I was about eighteen years old when my dad died In nineteen and fifteen and I had to quit Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: grandfather was living but he's old #1 and I had to # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 025: quit and build a farm {D: after} eighteen Interviewer: Was that about uh- What grade was that? Did they have- 025: Well that was just about when you go through up there is about what you get now in high school Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: {NS} just about Interviewer: Okay 025: or a little better Interviewer: yeah okay 025: They run them now- they run them through now {X} Interviewer: Alright, they sure do. 025: This is from the women up there in that {X} good teachers Interviewer: uh-huh 025: you had to walk the chalk line and you had to pass your grades before you got this Interviewer: Uh-huh. What- What 025: #1 Had to # Interviewer: #2 And what was- # 025: go to another one. Interviewer: {NW} yeah what was it uh uh the school named after your mother? Uh or was it because it was on your property? 025: No, it was- You mean that school here? The Fauston school? It come off of the Crowson land When granddaddy give it to 'em you know to- as long as it's used for school purposes and then when it quit for school purposes it went back to the original owner at the farm and then it come back to him Interviewer: Now Are most of your friends around here Uh-Uh Uh what do they do? 025: Well different things you know Different things {X} works the {X} Plant Lot of them works out here {X} Some works in Knoxville Interviewer: Mm-hmm 025: Around different places Interviewer: #1 What was the- # 025: #2 {X} # works I guess at the {X} plant Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: or out here at this knit- this here knitting mill over here in Sevier these uh people in here and the women all works at Gatlinburg Interviewer: What kind of work do they do in 025: Uh wash dishes and cook Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 025: #2 {X} # work at them motels and hotels Interviewer: I see 025: There's a set of women works up there Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: Just a set of 'em- I've got a girl that works up there She's been there I guess for twenty years She works up there {X} Western Union bus stop she sells tickets {X} There's a set of women that works in here from Gats- that goes to Gatlinburg that's where these three women been the other day when they come back home got crippled up there down there Interviewer: I see that's terrible 025: Anything. Some cleans houses and cleans rooms, some cook I've got a neighbor over here work years {NS} good cook, she cooks. Some cooks and some wash your dishes, some cleans house, some #1 does another. Whatever the need. # Interviewer: #2 I see. Uh-huh. # Uh, how long does it take to drive to Gatlinburg from- from your- from your house? 025: Ordinarily about thirty minutes Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: if you don't get held up down there Interviewer: No, this road you have to drive mighty slow 025: Yeah you've got to go slow Interviewer: {X} 025: Let's see it's about uh uh six, seven I guess it's about well it's thirteen miles from here to Sevier Well I guess it'd be 15 miles from here to Gatlinburg It's a little further from us highway out here to Gatlinburg and then it's to Sevier Interviewer: Mm-hmm 025: Course it depends on where you go to in Gatlinburg Interviewer: Yeah, sure. 025: Just go to the city limits it wouldn't take that #1 far # Interviewer: #2 Right # Uh. Have you belonged to any clubs or organizations like with the cultural Uh- organizations or farming organizations social organizations 025: No, nothing none that I know of I used to do {D: uh campaigning} lot of work through that office out there way back yonder measuring tobacco Interviewer: Mm 025: See they had to elect committemen you know, and I was a committeeman a long time And I measured tobacco for a number of years Work through that office- that's all I ever done away from home on the farm Interviewer: Would you tell me a little more about that What is- what was a committeeman? 025: Well they'd elect someone, they still do that you know from each district Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: There's a chairman and vice chairman and the ordinance they had five of them you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: the chairman he was the head man #1 he was # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 025: on top mm They've still got that. Interviewer: you were the committeeman from this 025: I was for a long long time you know Interviewer: Is that- was that an elected office? 025: Yeah well you elected just for the people Interviewer: Sure. Sure. 025: With the- with the district Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: the district Interviewer: How- how long would you say you did that? 025: Oh I guess ten, fifteen- about fifteen years probably Interviewer: Can you tell me a little but about what the committeeman has to do? 025: Well he just go out there and meet you know, attend the meetings learn what you could and try to pass it on to your neighbors Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: help them out {X} my committeeman job was to do that {X} it's your job to measure tobacco anything else that needed to be done #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 excellent # 025: through the di-, to the district each- each district had a committee you know Interviewer: uh-huh Well that's what I was- I was wondering. You said measuring tobacco- was that I didn't understand what 025: Well you see tobacco's {X} you had to see if they had too much or not #1 enough # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # 025: if they had too much, well they had to pay a {X} #1 if they didn't have enough # Interviewer: #2 Maybe if they- # 025: {X} Interviewer: I see measuring tobacco then was really checking to make sure people weren't raising more than their allotment 025: And I measured with a chain in acres and tenths but now then last year too I measured got to measure with the tape and it went in hundredths Interviewer: Is that right? {X} 025: It wasn't so bad where you could let a man get by you know with a tenth of an acre or something like that you know sometimes it just went to chains and tenths and they put it to the nearest whatever it was Interviewer: I see 025: but now then it get- got a little stricter the last year or two I measured I measured with a tape and that got down in the hundredths instead of acres and tenths Interviewer: #1 right # 025: #2 you see # and that hundredths is a whole lot closer than acres and tenths Interviewer: Yeah Certainly do they uh- are- are there pretty uh severe um fines? 025: Well they don't do that anymore, they cut you down now you're just allowed so many hundred pounds Interviewer: I see they don't measure 025: Yeah they go back over your records you know and get what you have raising Now then it's just if you got a half acre of land and you just they allot you a thousand twelve hundred or sort of whatever your last few years has been you know. They ain't gonna measure tobacco and if you got too much where you just can't sell it Interviewer: Right 025: got to sell what your allotment says to unless you can buy some they got plenty of it people like me I ain't got no tobacco this year I can't tend it and fellow that been renting it to for a number of years he got him a job, went to work and so you can't just hardly get anybody anymore I ain't got no tobacco this year I'm gonna try to get someone to tend it next year and save my allotment after so many years you know. It used to be five, I don't know what it is now, you don't tend a thing, you'll lose your allotments Interviewer: I see what uh What was what- where do you- where did you raise them did you just have a 025: huh? Interviewer: Did you raise it? Did you just have a Where did you raise it on the farm? The tobacco. Did you have to put that up in a special place? 025: Well you had to hang it in the barn you know Interviewer: Did you cure it yourself 025: Oh yeah yeah Interviewer: Now did you raise all Do you mind if I smoke a cigarette 025: No no, I smoke all the time Interviewer: Uh- The um uh What I was wondering about was if you uh- you could raise all you wanted for your own use 025: you could way back yonder, I know people you could well known people they'd raise this old bull faced you know they called it bull faced just an old strong tobacco people could raise that for their own use Interviewer: How do you spell that? 025: what? Interviewer: That's bull? 025: The bull faced {X} Interviewer: Bull face. F-A-C-E 025: it's just an old big green oh it's strong Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 {X} # It'd kill a man that hadn't never been smoked Interviewer: {NW} 025: If you don't smoke {X} just pour it down Interviewer: okay. thank you 025: My son he comes here and he smokes a lot {X} Interviewer: Have you traveled much? 025: No. Been down to Florida a few times Interviewer: Uh Did you ever live outside of the county? 025: Oh no. I'll never live nowhere but right here born here Interviewer: Now we talked about your your mother was from Gatlinburg you know Gatlinburg you don't know much about her her parents 025: Well I know a little. Interviewer: Tell me what you know 025: {X} The Crowsons you know Interviewer: First tell me about her and then we can concentrate on the Crowsons but what How do you spell that family name of hers? 025: Whaleyf. W-H-A-L-E-Y-F Whaleyf. Sevier county is full of them Interviewer: Okay and now just tell me tell me whatever you've been 025: I don't know about {X} She She died before I could remember and uh she come to Gatlinburg and was raised up there come down here and taught school father married her I was born then when I was twenty one months old, she died my grandfather he finally wound up here and I took care of him when he died had been here about three years all of {X} and the Reagans Maples and {X} they're all kin folks fella come here one time talking to me about {X} burial lots {X} and he's from Gatlinburg and we got to talking and he said "How do you know so much about Gatlinburg?" Interviewer: {NW} 025: I said everybody in Gatlinburg {X} Interviewer: {NW} Do you know anything about the about the Whaleyfs what--where they came from originally? When they came to this country? 025: I think now I think the Whaleyfs come from North Carolina I've seen that they put out a piece in the county paper about where all these people come here and I kept it, but I don't know where it's at I think the {X} There's two bunches of the Whaleyfs There's brothers Johnny Whaleyf and ol' Billy Whaleyf and one bunch of them settled in Gatlinburg and the other in big Greenbrier and they call one the Greensbrier Whaleyf and the other the Gatlinburg Whaleyf my mother come from the Gatlinburg side Interviewer: I see 025: And this roadway out in Severa Well now if you can get ahold of him well course you ain't you're just interested in my part of {X} Interviewer: I'm interested in anything you've been 025: I asked him one time tried to find out how much kin me and him was he's sheriff {X} Stayed sheriff here for twelve years and uh he said "I can't tell you" He said my mother was a Whaleyf and my daddy is a Whaleyf said my daddy is the big Greensbriar Whaleyf and my mother was the Gatlinburg Whaleyf but he couldn't tell me much and I went and asked his brother and he knows a little more than he did when it comes to a showdown their mother and my mother was first cousins as children Interviewer: I see Do you know anything about when the Whaleyfs came to this country to the United States from England or Ireland or Scotland? 025: I don't I don't know Interviewer: okay 025: When they come here If I can find that old county paper it told but I don't know where it's at now it's here somewhere they give a record of that you know which come here first the Whaleyfs, {X} Reagans and the Maples all I do remember in that there's an old man with the name of Gatlin Up there and I don't know what will happen to him but that's where it got its name Gatlinburg {X} Gatlin Interviewer: I see He was one of the original settlers 025: He was one of the first Interviewer: Did your father farm all his life? 025: Well now my father got crippled up the horse run away with him and broke his leg and he's crippled up. he couldn't do much farming he had a grocery store around here store He kept several {X} things like that Interviewer: Moving things in and out 025: Yeah he sold goods and then he'd hold a lot of extra equipment {X} He done a lot of that because he's cripple and his leg wasn't set back right you know he couldn't you know get about the farm them days you had to do a lot of walking the farm you know you couldn't ride the tractor you didn't have them Interviewer: alright sure How long did it take to get to Knoxville on a wagon 025: I think they'd doing leave here early maybe they'd camp somewhere it'd take a day or over over a day I guess I know they'd be gone nearly a week Interviewer: How were the roads set up then when you were a boy? Was-was this- this highway here 025: No it was just a normal dirt road and it'd get so muddy you couldn't get over it and you went out through this hole there in the mountain and went out and come out way over on Pigeon Forge you cross two mountains to get outta here Interviewer: alright 025: this here road down here was just built bout 1920s it was finished up and {X} at first it just had a one way road down through there you had places you could pass I think that started about 1920 my granddaddy worked a lot down there. he's old a lot of it is free work and then a lot of it they'd give people contracts you know {X} find somebody else and the way they done that they took these old hammers you know and grip. somebody hold the {X} you know Interviewer: uh huh 025: you can see down there {X} on that road if you just know where to look Where they'd put them dynamite in there you know and you shoot it off even the steel part of the old rail holes Steel in through them rods Interviewer: Is that right? 025: That's the way they built the first Interviewer: Did they have a name for that place where they'd go through the mountains? was that called something? was that 025: you mean through the old road? Interviewer: yeah 025: Well it was just a stone mountain you went on through and then there a {X} go a little less the distance and then you went across the pine mountains and then come out over there try more of that apple tree {X} right below Pigeon hole where you come out Imagine the bridges weren't very good either Interviewer: you had to cross the creek used to when I wanted took long time to cross the river down there for years 025: Is that right and I think these {X} bridges you can tell all them old bridges they must have been built in the late teens right along {X} Interviewer: Now was Pigeon Forge called that because it-uh it got it's name from 025: I don't know I've heard, but I don't remember what people--Pigeon Forge got it's name Pigeon Forge when I first born out there we built our flower {X} Pigeon Forge was all on the other side of the river Now it's all along this side of the river next to the highway There wasn't nothing much on that side {X} business places much is all on the other side it's three stores over there right together on the other side of the river and that old water mill and they ground wheat flour {X} and people in here have to go to the flour mill you know to get their wheat Interviewer: The Uh- uh tell me now about your about the uh about your your uh father's side of the family I'd like let's go all the way back to 1790. So they came in 1790 just go ahead from there and tell me Do you know where they came from in 1794? 025: Well now let's see. I'd have to Interviewer: Just do the best you can recall 025: I don't I don't know whether they come from North Carolina North Carolina you see took in a big territory here back then. It even took in Lord's creek in the lower end of the county but the biggest part of these people come from North Carolina I don't know The Croustons come from North Carolina I've seen some more where they did come from and I just wouldn't be positive about Interviewer: Now Tell me Uh uh What you can recall about those your uh about the Croustons the Crouston family 025: Well now let me get something in here {NW} You can write a book on {X} Interviewer: I'm surprised no one has 025: {NW} I got this accidentally {X} Do you wanna read this? Interviewer: Well why don't you just look at it and tell me about it I'd rather you tell me about it 025: I'll just sort of tell you and not read it Interviewer: That's right sure and we can pick up any 025: {X} Let me see if I can find where they get that from It don't say where they come from but they come here and bought land and {X} and Cage Cole prior to 1800 and then they moved to some of them moved to Jaws County Tennessee and 18 and 7 and eventually returned to Sevier county and then it goes on tells this great big long story who their children was you know and so but it don't tell where they come from but a lot of them went one place and one the other now a week or so ago they was six Croustons come here some of them was from Arkansas all brothers and sisters {X} wife she wasn't a Crouston and some of them from Mississippi and some of them from Arkansas and they been here before I took them down here and showed them the old Crouston cemetery and they think we're kinfolks. I guess we are because we got the same names you know a lot of the first name Richardson Aaron from west and things like that {B} Interviewer: family name your first name 025: No it ain't a family name I don't know. my mother that said name and I don't know where she got it there's very few {B} in the country at that time that a lot of around here is named from me I know {X} was named from me I thought maybe that'd tell where they come from Interviewer: I see well maybe I can look at that after a while um were any of your uh- um- ancestors in the uh- the revolution or the civil war 025: Not as I know of Interviewer: I wonder did the people in this uh- part of the country uh- were they much involved in the civil war? 025: Well they have a lot of people in here that lived to be old that was in the civil war Now the revolutionary that's a {X} Interviewer: Yeah that would have been 025: they were {X} grandfather was in the living in the Civil War His grandfather on his mother's side and several people in here went to and later on {X} and a lot of them went {X} Went to Spanish then the world war come up and Earl's daddy was in World War I and uh then World War II, they just cleaned the country up {X} and then the Korean war my boy was in the Korean War Interviewer: How many children do you have? 025: I've got four three girls and a boy Interviewer: Are they all still around 025: My oldest girl, she lives in Seymour she married a fella there and she teaches schoolers teaching school blood in my family I reckon that don't come from the Crouston side she married there and he's got a farm he carries the {X} she teaches school at {X} high and I've got my next girl she never married she works at Gatlinburg all the time has for years she comes on Saturday stays 'til Monday and goes back and then I've got another girl that's married and lives over here she's got two children a boy he lives in Sevier and works in Knoxville he's got two children I've just got four grandchildren right up there his two children Interviewer: {X} Where was your wife born? Huh? Where was your wife born? She was born here in the valley And what was her family name? Lawsons her and Earl Lawson? Her and Earl's daddy was first cousins and brother's children Now Sometimes you call it where is is there a difference between Wears Cove and Wears valley? 025: just the same it started as Crouston's {X} the old record shows it was Crouston's {X} and then uh it goes on and an old man with the name of Ware he was willing when they come in here and begin to run the Indians out and I've heard my grandfather say that he went out here in the gap of the mountain and cut two saplings down {X} call it improvements and started up a Wears Cove then later on they sounded a little better to call it Ware's Valley Interviewer: I see 025: and it's people still called it Wares Cove or Wares Valley Interviewer: I see 025: and everything that happens down on Walden's creek or over this side of Townson is on the Wears edge it's the Wears Valley rule that it happens in Wears Valley It was two killings right close together down here on Walden's Street a few years ago and they had them all in Wears Valley it give Wears Valley a bad name it's on the Wears Valley Road that's called the Wears Valley Road from the time you leave 441 down there you get to Townson Interviewer: Now where does that road go? 025: Which road Interviewer: The- where does this road go from 441 to 025: It goes to 73 over here in {X} Townson and that Townson road comes from Maryland goes on around Belmont you know Interviewer: Sure 025: up to Gatlinburg and hits 441 Interviewer: Sure 025: No it don't it goes {X} Newport that 73 {X} Interviewer: Well the up yeah that's right if you're going through Sevierville that goes too 025: {X} 441 comes across the mountain {X} then 411 411 and 441 meets {X} Sevierville and 411 comes through Newport and that way is {X} that's 411 that goes across the mountain in the north {X} 441 that goes to North Carolina through Gatlinburg Interviewer: How long would it take you to drive from From Sevierville to North Carolina 025: I've been through {X} Captain, I don't know. It'd take you my boy's over there now {X} but we used to go to Florida once in a while and drive both ways I went the other way on the bus to Newport and I went this way in a car and went through Georgia this way. I mean down to Sevier county down in Chattanooga I don't know. I guess you I guess you can make it in a couple hours Interviewer: drive through the mountains don't you 025: that's slow. you'll get behind them old big trucks and they hold you back and then they start downhill, they go fast you know I'd say it'd take you couple hours to go to {X} {NW} a bit closer go down through the Cherokee country Interviewer: Yeah I've been over there, but I didn't know what the distance was from here Where Could you tell me a little bit about the Lawson family background? What- are they from 025: No. As far back as you can trace them My old daughter grandson I mean my granddaughter married a preacher from from uh- {X} {X} Chattanooga and he got a {X} The Croustons come-uh the Lawsons come here after the Croustons and I don't know where they come from He-he found out where they come from and {X} the biggest part of people come from North Carolina it's like I told you. North Carolina took in a great big territory it took in. I don't know it took in a big part of the {X} and all of Sevier County I guess you see North Carolina hits right over yonder {X} through Greenville and right around through there Smoky Mountain Interviewer: Sure How old's your wife? 025: She is let's see. She's four years younger than I am And I'm 76 She's 72 years old {X} next birthday Interviewer: And she's also Methodist? 025: yeah Interviewer: And what about her formal education? 025: Well she got just about what I got through this school up here down at the high school {X} Interviewer: She probably spent more time at the at the Wearwood School though 025: Yeah she did come done here there's another school up there in the valley and they was closer to it called the ten school but she don't know if she ever went there, but her sister and her little brother did I guess about all the schooling she ever went was Wearwood Interviewer: Now you say you were in You made a couple trips to Florida You ever been any place else outside of the county outside of the 025: No course you went through different states to get to Florida you know I had an aunt and uncle live down there I used to go down there once in a while and see them 'til they died Interviewer: Have you ever been North or West? 025: No I only ever been out {X} Interviewer: How far- How far west of Tennessee, beyond Knoxville have you been? Have you been to Chattanooga 025: No I've been to Knoxville go down there now for the doctor down there in the hospital when it was a hospital Interviewer: And then over in North Carolina Have you been much beyond Asheville 025: I went there {X} you have to go through Nashville most of the time to get to Florida Interviewer: No, no, no 025: Asheville, North Carolina Interviewer: Oh you go to oh I see that's how you go I-I was thinking you go through-go through I was thinking you're going the way I come up 025: {NW} You can go different ways but we got to going that way on account of dodging Atlanta it's needing to get through Atlanta you can go this way and you miss Atlanta Interviewer: Yeah. I see 025: We go lot of times and it take you hours to get through Atlanta, Georgia {X} and another thing they do down there you get down there and maybe in six months or a year you go back and they'd detour you and you get lost somehow Interviewer: yeah 025: we went down there one time and the boy he had a map didn't matter we just kept getting deeper and deeper and deeper down in the Interviewer: {NW} 025: nigger town and I got scared and I told him. I said "Let's get outta here and hug somebody." he said I'll find it directly {X} So we got up to a little store and I said you stop I'm going in there and ask this fella where 441 is when-- he said "right there see you're right on it and said right there is the state penitentiary {NW} that nigger downtown {X} Interviewer: I know just where you were that's uh on the uh East side of Atlanta but- and I- I'm just trying to get some idea about your um about your travel you haven't--you haven't done um you haven't been anywhere out You been up to Bristle 025: No I've been Greenville up to {X} Greenville Interviewer: Yeah Yeah 025: I've never been out of the state {X} Interviewer: You mean Greenville in uh-Tennessee 025: Yeah Greenville's up there in {X} Interviewer: Yeah I was saying yeah I've been up there I don't think you meant Grenville, South Carolina 025: Used to go up there {X} Interviewer: What was that-- when you were uh- that was your work? 025: Uh no that was {X} it'd be dependent where you thought you could get the most and who done your hauling some of the ones {X} some of them ones {X} get a little better pool {X} some go to--they got good market now Newport, but they didn't have a thing Interviewer: What do you mean a better pool? Just-What does that mean? 025: sometimes the buyer the man that buys the tobacco {X} they give you a little better deal treat you a little better get a little more out of your {X} Interviewer: I see 025: you know back them days people go a long way for a few dollars Interviewer: {NW} sure 025: {X} you know the warehouse man would give them a kick you know {X} and they'd persuade you to go of course they'd get paid both ways we had to pay them and then the warehouse would pay them {X} {X} double pay Interviewer: {NW} 025: {X} {X} what they take out of it you know you've got five hundred dollars worth of tobacco, they'll take fifty dollars out of it {X} the insurance {X} they tell me that these fellas are {X} they pay it and then we pay it get double pay Interviewer: how did you uh um handle that stuff when you're taking a considerable distance like that did you have a what did you pack it in? 025: {X} big baskets at the warehouse they'd furnish it in the baskets you know {X} then when you got ready to take it all you had to do was to load her up Interviewer: I see 025: each grade was on a big basket you could put two, three hundred pounds on that basket Interviewer: The baskets these baskets were at the warehouse 025: They belong to the warehouse they're responsible for the man that got them for you the man that was holding your tobacco was bringing you the bush Interviewer: you didn't do the {X} When you were doing the hauling you never did the hauling yourself 025: {NS} Interviewer: Did any partners ever do that at all 025: Oh yeah A lot of them did {X} {X} didn't have too much you know {X} now then they can take in baskets you know and then when you get there they got them high lifts you know and then you scoot them under there {X} on scales hanger and it used to be then back before they got to furnishing the baskets people had {X} had just taken put each crate you know and {X} take a tobacco sticker and put two on the top and two on the bottom and make them {X} bout like hay bale is on there a little longer turn your leave in and your head {X} Interviewer: The uh the the head is what part of the leaf is the head? 025: {X} you know and the upper for the leaf is the the end of the leaf {X} Interviewer: but you talk about it as the butt or the head? 025: Yeah Interviewer: I see and then what's a tobacco stick? 025: huh? Interviewer: a tobacco stick? 025: a tobacco stick is what you stick the tobacco on you know Interviewer: Oh it's tied to 025: tobacco sticks are sharpened at each end and you go {X} and stick them in the ground {X} {X} then you haul it in hang it up then sticks are about four inch four feet then you hang them about four five inches apart six further apart the better better ventilation you can get Interviewer: Do you have any of those around here tobacco sticks? 025: Yeah Interviewer: I'd like to see one before I leave 025: have to go out to barn Interviewer: if you have enough time after a while I'd like to see one of them not really uh not quite clear in my mind {X} how old is this house? 025: This house was built in 1872 it's a hundred and one years old Interviewer: Is that right? would you uh make a I'd like to make a diagram of the house and get the names of the rooms what you call the rooms and also I want and then I want to go back from there to the house that well course this is the only house you've ever lived in 025: Well I my furniture I don't know where I was born here I guess I was born and my dad had a house down yonder {X} Interviewer: Is that a log house? 025: No it was a framed house this house was built by my grandpa {X} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Well could you make a a diagram 025: I'd have to get out here and look Interviewer: I know all I want All I want to know is what 025: this way is forty feet this ways you see this {X} first built this one and then built that one out yonder there later this is the main house that was built Interviewer: Okay so the front of the house is facing West that's right and then what do you call this room we're in right here? 025: well that's your living room Interviewer: do it ever call it anything else? 025: No Interviewer: Alright and is that just 025: that's a bedroom and there's another big room bout the same size of this one {X} Interviewer: and what's that called? Is that a 025: {X} don't even sleep in there used to {X} bedroom, but now there's no beds in there got a organ two organs in there and a piano {X} Interviewer: What do you call that room? 025: I just I don't know Don't never had any particular name for it Interviewer: well if you were gonna tell somebody to get something out of that room how would you 025: we'd call it the back room I would just call it the back room {X} Interviewer: Okay and then what's back behind the 025: Now that's a hallway out there back then that was a see the little room on each end? we took this one right here for a bathroom back on the other end there is a {X} Interviewer: Okay now that goes back pretty far So you practically have another whole house back there 025: {X} built that you know kitchen and a dining room and then there's a {X} screened in porch on each side of Interviewer: How about on the sides of the on the is that on the north and south sides of the house? 025: that'd be on the north northeast and southeast side north southeast that a way northeast this way {X} be it southeast or northeast or Interviewer: And uh how bout the um so behind the hall then is a there is a you say a kitchen 025: kitchen and a dining room Interviewer: And which is on the um which comes-which is on this side the kitchen or the dining room? 025: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 025: When you got something to hide Interviewer: Well I don't want to be nosy but I just wanted to get a 025: {X} clothes that's been laid back and outgrowed we don't never throw nothing much away here Interviewer: what do you call that room where you put those things 025: just call it that little room up there on end the head of the stairs Interviewer: Is there a bathroom upstairs? 025: No Interviewer: just three 025: bathrooms down here ain't nobody here, but me and her we don't need but one bathroom Interviewer: so there really are three bedrooms upstairs 025: Yeah there's three up there Interviewer: Okay there isn't a porch up there though 025: No Auxiliary: three bedrooms and a little utility room Interviewer: I just wonder did you ever call that a plunder room? Did you ever use that expression? you ever use that expression? 025: I guess so I don't know Auxiliary: {X} 025: You can You can give me a little information {X} so he can tell you as much Interviewer: {X} I'm glad to talk to you but I 025: {X} you got on your Auxiliary: {X} and let him talk to you Interviewer: I am glad that both okay okay 025: {X} Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: What uh Uh uh Now {NW} 025: {X} Interviewer: okay 025: Now we have the the old {X} I mean everything in line Interviewer: uh-huh 025: {X} Interviewer: Heating In this uh- The kind of heating you had in here originally when the house was first built 025: a big fireplace and three of them one in the kitchen, one in yonder, and one here these two still here with one we got electricity and had to put in our cabinets and things we that old chimney was getting bad and dangerous and we just took it out get it out of the way it took up a lot of room until we could put in cabinets and things like that they don't use {X} the fireplace now I use this a lot the stove and electric heater Interviewer: Okay mm-hmm. Now the um uh what about this place that extends out here in the front I don't see one here but-there probably is one made of brick? 025: cement Interviewer: Yeah 025: Used to be brick and then Interviewer: uh-huh 025: lay it on Interviewer: Or stone 025: made it {X} concrete Interviewer: {X} 025: cement Interviewer: What was that called? 025: hard Interviewer: And then uh {X} In the um Uh What's the uh the fuel in this stove Is this- 025: {D: Coal} coal oil Interviewer: and then-but what 025: #1 Kerosene # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and in the fire place you 025: we used to use wood in that you know Interviewer: Ok Um What um- What kept the wood in place in this What'd you call those things? 025: {X} Interviewer: Ok and then the uh Uh What did you call a water uh you know the kind of a large uh piece of wood used? 025: Back stick the big one took the back stick behind It would last maybe a day and a night if it's hickory or {NS: Knocking} say I- I mean hickory or Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Sycamore or something like that you know Black gum You'd always try to get something like that you know for backsticks the longer they last, the better your fire'll last you know {X} Interviewer: and how'd you get the fire started? 025: {X} grab some pine get your little kindling set that pinecorn and it won't be long 'til you have a fire always have a little dry wood to take off with you Interviewer: And what did you- 025: got it started while you can just burn anything Interviewer: Did you call that pine anything else? 025: They're just rich you know rich pine come out of the heart of the pine tree or something Some pines had a lot of rich in them you know and some didn't Interviewer: Did you ever call that lighter around here? 025: Call it what? Interviewer: lighter 025: Uh-uh Interviewer: lighted 025: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 That's not. okay # 025: get some of that just plenty of pine in them days you know Interviewer: But you call that stuff in the rich 025: Yeah Interviewer: The rich was that- 025: {X} maybe a tree'd be against the skin or something or other {X} affected and that'd be pine I don't know and then you'd just a lotta times you get hearts you know {X} pine you take the sills in this house I had to take the front one out years ago you know and put a block foundation under the {X} and it's a twelve to twelve huge sill fourty feet long and I've got some of it out there in the wood shed yet it's dry you know and it's hard stuff take a great big pine and tear it down to the hearts you know hearts {X} {X} but you get to the heart and you stay there {X} and under this house is a original sills Interviewer: The um Uh That um That Up where those pictures are on the fire over the fire place what's that 025: Well we used to call it the fireboard but now they usually call them the mantels {NW} Interviewer: Did they ever call that in the old house Where your- your father's house um where you-the house you born did they ever call the living room anything else? 025: No, not that I remember of it had three rooms there Interviewer: have you ever heard that called the big house? that one room the room they lived in 025: No I don't know #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 That's not # How was that house layed out Do you remember that? 025: It was layed out too {X} back there we had the kitchen and the dining room back there and two bedrooms in here and a double park place you see there'd be fireplaces in the center houses then no one used two rooms fireplace on each side {X} and that's what that had You'll find plenty of them in the {X} there's one right across the creek over here Interviewer: #1 People them days all built around the same style # 025: #2 Now # you ever go to the country you can tell an old house Interviewer: hmm 025: it's two stories they quit building two story houses anymore for living houses you know anything that's up two stories {X} business place where they can have offices {X} you never see a new house built anymore two stories them days they all of them were {X} they all had two stories Interviewer: Now the stuff you clean out of a fire you have to clean out of a fireplace 025: ashes you'd have to clean them out everyday or two wood it'd make a lot of ashes Interviewer: What about the stuff out of the-that the black stuff that you 025: that's soot Interviewer: Yeah. What kind of furniture did you have in the house when you were a boy say in the living room 025: about the same we got now just about the same we got now we didn't have no radios then no television nothing like that {X} couches nowadays Interviewer: {X} 025: when I was a boy {X} There used to be one here that had what they call a little {X} for the children everybody raised big families {X} {X} they'd be higher than an ordinary bed now and they'd let them pull them out {X} they call them out from under them and let the children sleep in them and then the next morning wake them back up and scoot them back onto the bed Interviewer: I see 025: I seen them there used to be one here {X} Interviewer: You call that a couch you ever call that anything else? 025: Ahh some people call them the sofas {X} couch Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 # #1 couch # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Any difference between the name? 025: I don't reckon. I- Interviewer: And what about the uh, now these {X} What I'm sitting in what would you call that? 025: Rocking chair Interviewer: Ok Were there any other kinds of 025: Well that old straightback chairs you know then a little chair we used to have {X} got a high chair out there and had uh my uncle lived here {X} my uncle lived here he had some children was raised up together there's an old man over there there in the valley {X} highchair out there and here's mine and then uh my cousin she's dead now she had one {X} it's still on that chair where I cut my {X} my chair so we can tell them apart Interviewer: Is that right? What was the man's name who made those those chairs 025: Muellen Hodge I don't know how you spell Muellen but Hodge Interviewer: uh-huh 025: he got a girl she's old as my wife and her and my daughters rented a house up there they lived together you know up there in Gatlinsburg and she's older than my wife Interviewer: I see 025: My wife says she knows used to know 'em They live here in the valley Interviewer: I see Now What uh in the bedroom what kind of of um furniture uh do you have for keeping your clothes? 025: Well that'd be a little closet somewhere hang them in you know Interviewer: Now closet would be built in wouldn't it? 025: well there's one in yonder in that back room Interviewer: What do you call those moveable things? something it's kind of like a closet except it can be moved around and you can put it on different walls 025: dresser something like that you know {X} that's over a hundred year old Interviewer: Now a dresser would have um 025: a glass in- {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Would a Would a taller one if it didn't have a have a glass over it still be called a dresser? 025: Now I want to show you something in here We had two of them Interviewer: okay 025: Maybe I was wrong{NS: rustling} Now this was covered {C: distant speech} these covered {C: distant speech} Now see you don't know much about these {X} Interviewer: {X} 025: {X} {C: distant} see that's under the stairway there {X} {NS} {X} Interviewer: But that uh the kind of a of a sor- sort of sort of like a closet that I was thinking about was um um one that um uh that um that you can move around from room to room or you can move from wall to wall has two big doors on it um sometimes they're called closets sometimes they're called wardrobes 025: Well I don't know I don't know what you're talking about I don't know if we ever had any of them to have to move around Interviewer: You didn't have anything you called a wardrobe? 025: {X} Interviewer: But all of these things we're talking about these tables and chairs and so forth all of these are different kinds of 025: now right there is a chair that I had made and it's {D: bought him the shucks} I don't guess you've ever seen a chair like that they make them up there in Gatlinsburg and I got a fellow that saw the cherry and added sod here on the place in his vineyard for years and I took it to Gatlinsburg and he made me a chair and I furnished him the shucks and they take them chairs and make {X} and that'll last forever and ever and there's another one that you're sitting in nearly like it but that's a bullet chair but that I had it made out of {X} Interviewer: Is that right? 025: the shucks furnishing the shucks give him eighteen dollars and {X} Interviewer: Is that right? that's a magnificient chair for eight- at any price, but eighteen dollars is unbelievable that's uh 025: we've got a lot of old things There's clocks been here ever since I can remember Interviewer: uh-huh 025: and it's got a rattlesnake rattlers sitting there my grandpa and a fellow boy used to stay with us killed on this big mountain it's in the park now and there's thirteen rattlers in a button right above that pendulum there Interviewer: {X} 025: Can you see 'em? Interviewer: Hanging across the-yeah 025: They're tied right above {X} {X} How many miles that's traveled Interviewer: {NW} right uh that uh a lot more miles than the rattlesnake 025: {X} seventy years I guess that clock's at least seventy year old it go a long, long way right here is a chair that's that old {X} best sitting chair ever I sit in I don't let nobody have it Interviewer: {NW} 025: {X} Interviewer: Were these made by um um Who used to make this? 025: I don't know who made these {X} he made this one I don't know he would {X} but now all these other chairs {X} I guess that old man Hodge {X} made the chair I guess he made them I know made part of them Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and old rocking chairs Interviewer: Did he make anything other than chairs? 025: I don't remember anything {X} I guess he made other things you know like candles ax handles {X} he made ax handles hammer handles anything like that in the wood line Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and people had lots of uses for them things Interviewer: Now What uh- up above the the second floor do you have any is there a space up above there? 025: Yeah there's a garrett up there but there's nothing in it {X} seal it all {X} a seal with eighteen inch {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 025: eighteen inches Interviewer: Is that right? 025: You see there this was all handmade stuff you see them days they just took a blank whatever it was and hand dressed it you call them {X} look at it ain't none of them same {X} Interviewer: {X} 025: just whatever the {X} Interviewer: They call them the {X} 025: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 025: that's all you could call them {X} Interviewer: {NW} 025: {X} Interviewer: Sure that's fun you had to really uh uh estimate those 025: These doors now, when- when they made these houses they just {X} maybe one them make one door and one another {X} they ain't made these doors and windows the same Interviewer: uh-huh 025: they're not gonna have a standard Interviewer: uh-huh 025: you have to have windows made you have to have the doors made Interviewer: uh-huh 025: they're not standard anymore Interviewer: I see 025: {X} one time {X} up in the barn down there you know six for sixes six foot long {X} and these big seals down here it's twelve to twelve huge seals fifty feet long and I asked and I said {X} He said there's men that didn't do nothing on the {X} and they'd go to the woods and go down to the creek {X} everybody have the {X} said one yolk couldn't pull them in said another one would two three of them would and then said when they started to build the barn or the house she said the men and the women of the community come and the women brung stuff to eat and helped cook and feed them and the men worked and so it didn't cost nobody nothing and said when this barn was built the house was built so the other fella had one waiting on him so they just went around like that {X} {NS} Now you can't hire nobody let alone get somebody to come {X} Interviewer: Sure that's right Now you mentioned Uh I don't think I want to get the get that again what you called that that uh piece you were showing me in there 025: That what? Interviewer: That-That that piece in the other room that you were showing me with the drawers in it and the glass 025: {X} Interviewer: Yeah 025: What you're talking about? Interviewer: Right right and that's uh was that ever called a kitchen cupboard or was it just {X} 025: I don't know {X} Auxiliary: Now that's a kitchen corner cupboard 025: Huh? Auxiliary: That's a kitchen corner cupboard 025: Well Interviewer: Ok 025: The other one wasn't in the kitchen there's a hall used to be there then run the stairs up this way it was so high it was seven foot high you couldn't get it {X} Interviewer: Now did uh when you um Uh did you have-I don't know if you had one or not do you have a little room off the kitchen where you might store canned goods? 025: We've got a little house where we used to call it the smokehouse and they would keep the meat in it and the other one cans you know Interviewer: uh-huh 025: it's got shelves in it and concrete floors lined and everything we can keep our cans in there {X} and the other one we used to kill a lot of hogs {X} box in there it's about I guess twelve feet long and about four feet wide and it had a cover over it and we'd put our meat in there and salt it down Interviewer: uh-huh 025: We killed a lot of hogs back then Interviewer: uh-huh 025: We took 'em that's what people lived on bread and meat Interviewer: Did did you have anything do you have a room that's um um now you mentioned smokehouse but I wonder if you had a little kind of room right off the kitchen now you had that 025: They used to be one there but it was tore down Interviewer: what was it called? Well it {NW} meal in you know {X} one side to put meal in the other one flour and things like that the other end of it was about the same size as bedroom and boys would stay here you know work first and sleep {X} Auxiliary: used to call it a meal room had meal and flour 025: had meal and flour and #1 an old time coffee mill # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 025: {X} coffee already ground one of them boys would pop popcorn you know and take it in there and run it through that old {X} coffee mill you know {X} Interviewer: {NW} Is that right? 025: {X} Auxiliary: Why his granddad would too couldn't chew it 025: {NW} wasn't good for people that didn't have good teeth Interviewer: Now the what'd your wife call it now the Auxiliary: meal room 025: #1 meal room # Auxiliary: #2 meal room # Interviewer: Did you ever I was wondering about hearing it called a pantry 025: Oh we had one of them {X} Was it here when you come here? Auxiliary: no 025: It had two great big ol' things up here you know and one of them had flour and the other one meal it had a handle down here and you could sit in there and sift it Auxiliary: #1 My sister had one but {X} # 025: #2 {X} # {X} I guess it just rusted {X} because I remember that {X} they called it a pantry and it had a coffee mill {X} Auxiliary: {X} 025: yeah Interviewer: {X} 025: but it sat upon something and these things was round {X} and you could pour flour in one meal in the other {X} you can sift it you know everybody used to have to sift their meal to get the I mean their meal {X} flour to get the husks you know round, long, little {X} it'd be a lot of husk go in that meal you know Interviewer: Now was um um the um Now sweep to sweep the floor how'd they used to sweep the floor? 025: brooms homemade brooms there's some of them here you ever seen one? Interviewer: Did you make them? What I'm interested in hearing is what you what you what you made the uh did you make the stuff that you made the broom with? 025: {X} broom corn broom corn cut it keep it {X} don't use them anymore {X} we've got some of them old homemade brooms Interviewer: Right. 025: and then when that broom corn dried out you know you could hang it up in a barn somewhere {X} and you get your round stick {X} just go round and round {X} made many a broom that way {X} Interviewer: Now on the outside of a of this frame on the framehouse what do you call those overlapping boards? 025: I just don't know exactly Interviewer: Well now for a frame house I don't think I don't know if you call them a {X} but they used to call they used to use the expression a lot when they would when they would put a they would put these boards on a on a log house over the logs these overlapping 025: {X} I guess what you're told weatherboarding Interviewer: Yeah you wouldn't call that a on your house 025: oh this stuff out here is weatherboarding and this other stuff you know a lot of these houses have never been had weatherboarding {NS} Take the planks you know {X} name 'em from the top to the bottom and then uh put strips down over the cracks a lot of houses is like that you know and then put some kind of paper building paper something on the inside to keep the wind out there isn't that many of them left around here now you might find some somewhere {X} Interviewer: How about the top of the house? um the very outside 025: well that's covered with metal sheet iron Interviewer: was it always that way? 025: {NS} {X} Interviewer: I can't sorry 025: {X} {X} Interviewer: How about on the older houses? 025: just cover the floors Interviewer: uh 025: and I think this house was covered with tin when it was first built cause it stayed on there I think about nineteen and thirty {X} they had it covered it was my granddaddy get up there you know and take some kind of cold, hard paint and painted every year It lasted after a long, long time Interviewer: did that did they blow off a lot in the 025: we have had it blow off a time or two or part of it you know around the ceiling overhead bore planks down there where there was fastened to {X} {NS} Interviewer: but it comes over the mountains 025: well it just comes any direction only it don't come so bad from the North but East {X} the South wind's worse than the West wind we had never had nothing {X} like cyclones this last winter I had a side of wind it blew the roofs off of several barns Interviewer: Now do you have anything around the edge of the of the of the roof to catch uh um catch the water? 025: gutters Interviewer: and then uh are they built in or are they 025: they just hung out Interviewer: I see and then and then there's a what do you call the thing that the water comes down 025: spouts down spouts Interviewer: spouts or down spouts Now you mentioned the smokehouse and you mentioned this house what other out buildings did you do you have on the farm now 025: Oh chicken houses {X} and little things like that and down yonder about turnover you got the water mill down there it's a two story building had a water mill down there ground corn for people all over this country {X} Interviewer: Now before you had indoor plumbing uh what'd you call that building 025: well you mean the little outhouse Interviewer: #1 yeah # 025: #2 where you went to # well they, some of them call them privies and some would call them outhouses things like that we still got the old one down there we got before we got electricity in all the bathrooms Still one sitting down there, the W-P-A Interviewer: uh-huh 025: come around and made 'em during World War two Interviewer: Now what kind of animals do you have on the farm? 025: I don't keep nothing now with cattle used to keep cattle, horses, mules and everything sheep everything goats had a little of everything Interviewer: When you talked about uh sheep you had you raised sheep 025: Yeah we'd run them on that big mountain you know Interviewer: uh-huh 025: we'd keep seventy five to a hundred head of sheep Interviewer: Is that right? 025: {X} on that big mountain and they'd come from the other side Gatlinsburg and see that big mountain it's between us and Gatlinsburg. People that herd the cattle take the cattle up there you know you know that mountain there's placed on the Nor- on the side next to Gatlinsburg called Norton that's fine range back in there my granddaddy look at it {X} and he'd get up and go over there and get back home in time for breakfast {X} look about him and called them they know just about where to find their cattle you know and they had marks that marked them in the ear so everybody could tell whose cattle was whose Interviewer: uh-huh 025: it's hard to tell much about cattle {X} and my granddaddy's mark was called {X} just cut a little something like he could course he had an eye fixed {X} but like taking something like about a fourty four or {X} cut a half half moon out there in each ear {X} everybody knows they're they're marked Interviewer: what'd you call that mark of his? 025: they called him my that was the underbit Interviewer: the underbit? 025: underbit where they cut them some of them would split their ear Interviewer: uh-huh 025: and some of them would take them out of the top of their ear everybody had to have a different mark you know they couldn't all have the same but my grandaddy's mark was two one in each ear underbit well the next man might have two underbits in one ear instead of one maybe in one of them three Interviewer: I see 025: And maybe some of them in the top of the ear and some of them maybe at the end of the ear cut off and some of them cut the ear off and called it a {X} you split the ear down an inch or two you know They'll never grow back up Interviewer: uh-huh, I see 025: everybody had their own bit Interviewer: uh-huh 025: got their own mark Interviewer: Now the uh the cattle um um what kin- uh the uh what kinds of cattle did you raise? 025: Any kind any kind you can get {X} most of them are part {X} people turned the cattle out altogether you didn't know what you had Interviewer: How long ago did you- did you keep the cattle? did you ever get tired of just having one? 025: No we've still got cattle I've always had cattle all my life them days we'd have more than we do now people-I could remember back in the days when there wasn't no fences everybody turned their {X} people kept the fences up you know there wasn't no open fields people turned their cattle out and they roamed one end of this {X} to the other them that didn't take them out and some people would have to keep work cattles steers and the milk cows you know Interviewer: uh-huh 025: they'd keep them here and they'd just turn them out {X} try to keep their milk cows and their steers pretty close to home but their other {X} they didn't have no law then #1 Now the uh- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: {X} old crooked rail rails {X} Interviewer: Did you always just call them rail fences 025: {X} Interviewer: you just called them- did you- 025: crooked rail fences you know Interviewer: What'd you call that first one you put down? 025: oh that was the bott- bottom rail Guess they would just call it the bottom rail {X} and bury it down there in that ground last there for years and years {X} Interviewer: Ever call that the worm? 025: Yeah might be a worm {X} Auxiliary: #1 you've seen them ain't you # Interviewer: #2 Now you mentioned # Yeah sure 025: used to be some round here {X} Interviewer: I've seen some you know but they-they differ from 025: What you've seen is something that's put up for show I don't guess you ever seen a regular old rail out here they've got a rail fence over here but it's a new rail made out of {X} out here in Pidgeon Forge there was one right along up through there Interviewer: #1 they was looking # 025: #2 mm-hmm # some of that just for show {X} Interviewer: and the chestnut tree is all 025: Yeah the chestnut tree is all {X} there used to be a side of chestnut trees after {X} Interviewer: where did the chestnut trees go? you remember? you remember when the chestnut when they had that- chestnut tree 025: they went back I guess near the teens when I was a boy my grandaddy owned eight hundred acres of land on the side of that mountain {X} he had a big chestnut orchard up there an old big chestnut trees he grew you know be several feet around and we'd go up there the Fall and pick up chestnuts not everybody else go and pick up chestnuts people them days their children would pick up chestnuts and all the stores would buy 'em they'd buy their shoes Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: winter clothes with them chestnuts and the merchants would buy 'em and take 'em and trade you know and then they'd hold 'em Knoxville or something Interviewer: I see Now you mentioned uh uh you mentioned steers uh what what were you talking about cattle there? Alright. 025: Steers is you know cattles tongues and heffers and females I only had a a bull that's {X} well a steer is a bull {X} that's been castrated you know and steers Interviewer: I see I wondered if you sometimes they used before before they used horses so much uh they uh for hauling things and for plowing as a matter of fact do you remember 025: well as far back as I remember they've had cattle and horses too Interviewer: yeah didn't they use oxen here uh before World War I? #1 oxen? # 025: #2 well I guess they played out # {X} Interviewer: Isn't that what drew 025: back when I was a boy though before World War one, I was just barely missed that well I was old enough to go to the army but they didn't take me {X} Interviewer: What did you have what uh what did you have what 025: I had pneumonia fever you know {X} they turned me down didn't take me had a bad lung but people had them {X} some a lot of people you know {X} put collar on them plow when a fella used to live here close to us {X} {X} like a horse you know plow on state ground they could stand up to a horse but you know a mule can stand up to a horse can't stand up and them yolks of cattle it had some awfully good cattle they'd log with 'em farm with 'em {X} I've seen plowing ones big plow turning plow Interviewer: Those weren't the same kind of animals though as milk cows I mean they were- 025: Cattle's all the same breed milk cows is cows {X} and give milk and steers you make beef out of them and sell 'em {X} Interviewer: They weren't different like oxen. I mean you wouldn't 025: They're just still the same kind of cattle we got now only difference is {X} are better bred cattle now you know we got better bulls and better bred cattle. These are just {X} people's cattle run out and they might have a big cow {X} well that don't happen anymore because peoples keeps their own cattle and their own bull {X} some people's got black anguses and somes got white faces and somes got derms some one kind and some another but everybody keeps their cattle in their own fields now keeps their own bull in their keep a good grade of cattle Interviewer: I see 025: them days you'd just have anything you didn't know what your cows gonna have {X} Interviewer: especially when you have the open range now what are the how often what did they did they uh did they stop the open range 025: well that was back when I was just a boy my granddaddy he just took fit about it you know {X} I's just a boy Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: I don't know I guess that was back in the early nineteen hund- I mean let's see. I was born eighteen ninety seven I'd say it happened about nineteen ten in the low in the low teens somewhere around there Interviewer: Now do you remember uh that the time when men didn't like to use the word bull in the presence of women 025: oh yeah yeah but now they don't pay no attention Interviewer: what did they used to call 'em instead of 025: they just call them a bull or he-male, female, he-male female he-male Interviewer: females and he-males? 025: female Interviewer: and he-males? 025: he-males Interviewer: that's good do they do the same thing with horses? what do they call a male horse? 025: well a horse is just like cattle you know now there's keep horse for breeding purposes called them stud horse and then ordinary horse was just a break horse or saddle horse or whatever you want to get him for Interviewer: and what if the female was 025: {X} some of them would never breed you know {X} Interviewer: what'd they call a a female? 025: Mare Interviewer: Now did they have a term that they used instead of instead of saying stud in the presence of women 025: {X} they still in the farm papers you know {X} {X} Now Jack you can take a jack or you got your mules you'd take a jack and breed a mare to 'em and you got a mule you see and there was jennies that belonged to the jacks you could take a jenny and breed her to a horse breeds you a mule just vice versa there just crossbreed Interviewer: the jacks and jennies though are the 025: they're the same kind of the same tribe you know Interviewer: they're smaller weren't they 025: yeah they're smaller Interviewer: smaller a lot smaller than mules what is a the male what'd you call the male sheep? 025: buck Interviewer: {X} 025: ram Interviewer: uh-huh 025: buck or ram Interviewer: either one and the female 025: {X} Interviewer: and the you said you'd shear them how much did you shear them in the spring 025: shear them twice a year sometimes they'd use that {X} you know that was a whole lot easier work than the threads you know {X} make-that's something like that right there that's a homemade thing that's over a hundred years old on that couch that's what they'd weave them into Interviewer: that's made of 025: yeah and blankets and {X} that's a homemade that come from my great great grandmother I had to take care of it they'd have big looms you know there used to be one here Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: weaved them on them looms by hand Interviewer: How did they process that now let's take it from the from a going from do you remember from when they from the time you'd shear it until you'd get something like that 025: #1 No,no, no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: They had a thing to do it when I was {X} they kept a wool and wash it and dry it see sheep's a greasy thing get all that grease out of there {X} and then they'd take cards just things you know with teeth in them about six or eight inches long and about four inches wide with a handle on them {X} put them in clips you know and then there's the one {X} then they had a spinning wheel great big- you've seen that one {X} and they'd spin that wool into yarn Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and they'd make things like that out of it knit socks and whatnot you know make underwear Interviewer: #1 anything {X} # 025: #2 I see # I don't remember seeing much of that done I've seen that wool carded and made into {X} they were all men in the winter time where they all knit socks you know they were about two or three times thicker than anything you can buy now they didn't have no such things as overshoes or boots. I mean they just had boots, but there wasn't nothing like {X} I don't know how people Interviewer: What'd they used to call the old kind of shoes that men used to wear 025: {X} the first ones I ever knew but they're just old hard shoes {D: I wore them} they had a copper thing right across the toe of 'em {X} {X} I reckon people kick so much Interviewer: {NW} you mentioned hog {NS} could you tell me a little about the hog the hog business? 025: Well people just raised their hogs you know and back in the chestnut and acreing time they'd fatten them up there on that mountain they'd mark them too you know and sometimes you'd get them and sometimes you wouldn't get them back and they'd let 'em fatten maybe they'd bring them in {X} before they killed them feed 'em on corn a while well then when that played over people would just build {X} or lots {X} and tucked the hogs in them and fatten them and then kill them I used to fatten a lot of hogs who ate a lof of corn fatten a lot of hogs and sell them to Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: supermarkets or take them to {X} that's {X} we don't even like killing hogs anymore don't raise any more right now it's {X} can't get no lot to raise your grain on it the last few years we've raised corn, wheat and oats and all these things you know {X} ain't very much {X} I don't know everybody used to raise wheat I don't know if a bit of wheat was raised in this community this year Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Everybody used to have a cane patch and they'd make their molasses you know for their {X} keep bees to make their honey people lived good back in the old days they lived good Interviewer: What-when you talk about raising wheat do you how is that harvested 025: Well wheat was sowed you know with a drill {X} or by hand anyway to get it in the ground then people back in the old days they had to cradle that Did you ever see a cradle? Interviewer: Is that I think I 025: got a big blade on 'em and so many fingers {X} {NS} {X} Did I hurt it? Interviewer: Let me see I'll just check {NW} 025: Well I never know Interviewer: No that's okay {X} that's a curious thing you can't expect a to deal with something like that Now when they um out in the field how did they um uh um did they ever when they were harvesting before they got to thrashing it didn't they tie it up and 025: Well I never did see that happen But I heard my grandpa talk about it they'd have some kind of a floored thing and they had a horses and they'd tie 'em {X} take them around and around and around {X} {X} pick up the wheat and they'd have a windmill {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 025: and they'd run it through that and blow the separate the trash from the wheat Interviewer: uh-huh 025: and they got the thrashing machine {X} ain't no thrashing machines in 'em all Interviewer: Sure 025: {X} Interviewer: But I meant the kind of bundles or something 025: Well they had to make them up into big bundles you know and they had to take part the wheat take out a handful of that wheat Interviewer: #1 Right # 025: #2 and that # man could tie that before you can say {X} {X} and they'd build two or three cellars come behind them shock it Interviewer: Yeah 025: they'd shock it up about eight, ten or twelve of them bunchers and they'd take two and lay on top they'd take them and break them and two in the middle them things would turn water that way Interviewer: Yeah, what'd you did you have a name for that for the one you put over the top? 025: I'd call that I just I forget what they call that it had a name but we just put that on break it down you know and lay 'em crossways Interviewer: did you would you call it a cap? 025: cap or something like that {X} Interviewer: you ever heard it called a rudder? I heard that up in Solomon county How many-now these little bunches you were speaking of did you call those sheaves or #1 or just bunches or bundles # 025: #2 just call 'em # bundles Interviewer: bundles 025: bundles #1 is what I was hearing # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and if um how um how much of this would you say it varies terrifically I know but how much wheat could you get to an acre 025: well it depends it's lots of people that get forty fifty bushel you do well a lot of times if you average ten bushel to the acre my brother in law and my neighbor over here are on a thrashing machine they'd go out here this side of Sevier {X} and all that farm country and thrash and the Birchfields up there on some on that Newport road owned a lot of land there and I heared my brother in law {X} a lot of that now {X} said they'd set it down and they'd go in there and haul it to it then they'd thrashed a hundred acres up there Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: just made about ten bushel to the acre Interviewer: #1 something like that # 025: #2 mm-hmm # that's a whole lot of wheat out of hundred acre Interviewer: When you're getting land ready to they start out let's say it's just a it's completely it's full of trees and everything else you have to do to get a field ready to cultivate 025: Well {X} timber Interviewer: Yeah 025: Well they just go in there and saw those trees off as short as they can get them low as they can get 'em and uh sometimes they begin to get dynamite they would blow them stumps out {X} dig 'em on out Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: let 'em get part of the rock and take big priers and pries them out or hook a team to 'em and pull them ou finally get them cleaned up Interviewer: How'd they get them out when you say they pulled them out did they the team 025: they would put a chain around 'em you know dig around them but you take a great big tree sometimes you couldn't do that a lot of times they just let them rot out and take them out in pieces work around them Interviewer: do they drag them out? 025: get them out {X} Interviewer: If you were taking a {X} see a difference between between just cutting it down flat or taking-getting everything out 025: Well back when people going to clear land farmers they'd take everything out Interviewer: Right 025: then the people that's keeping it for timber would go cut the big stuff out and take care of the younger stuff here Interviewer: I was wondering if you had a different name for taking out you get down there and take out all the shrubs and all the 025: they just call it clearing everything Interviewer: didn't use the word grubbing 025: {X} but not what grubbing meant small stuff where you could take a {X} Interviewer: Oh 025: dig it out Interviewer: #1 I see, I see # 025: #2 small stuff, you # couldn't dig them big stumps Interviewer: #1 I still got some daggers too # 025: #2 {X} # {X} there that never has been cut Interviewer: #1 somebody # 025: #2 uh-huh # cut over, it's never been cleared I've got some over on that hill that's never been cleared Interviewer: Right 025: that kind of land now is worth more than land farming land {X} I'd be afraid to ask anybody {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 025: I'd be afraid to cross anybody well they'll give you a whole lot more for land if it's got some trees on it {X} Interviewer: Sure well they uh but I when you uh when you you've got cultivate it you take a when you start to cultivate it 025: Well they'd just plow it with anything they could you know they didn't have one big long plow with one thing {X} they call them now put 'em on a tractor and call 'em subsolvers, we called 'em subsolvers then Interviewer: mm-hmm 025: but it just one big foot you know and they'd just have to go with that and then later on after they got a little further they can take this plow with two feet on it you know cultivate it and most of the people then have these great big old {X} and three-cornered you know and big long square stalks about that {X} and later on they got the section hire {X} for level land {X} Interviewer: do you ever have the kind that has the spring kind of an arrow with the spring tooth 025: yeah they used to burn them things {X} Interviewer: Is that what they were called? 025: I forget what they called some of them {X} Interviewer: Do you ever call them go devils? 025: No I don't think I ever heard them called go devils Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear anything called a go devil? # 025: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: What is it? 025: Well what I'd always heard called Interviewer: Okay now Tell me what a 025: {X} things in the shape of a {X} on the one end of it had a hammer on it and the other a {X} When people {X} {D: devil} I don't give a frick it's for a lot of good people. Interviewer: Alright. 025: They'd take them and hang them on their {X} y'know and on they'd drive their revs with the hammer part and then when we'd got to want to {D: skip the grabs out} they'd take that other thing and knock 'em out Now that's what I hear go, called go devil. Interviewer: Ah. 025: Only thing ever I hear called go devil. Interviewer: How long was it? was it about the size of a- of a 025: oh then'd uh {X} that's four to six inches Uh the spike end would have the sharp end was about I guess six inches I don't know about there Interviewer: I'd like to see it. 025: {X} Interviewer: Okay but that's 025: and that's what they used them for this mostly now for logging Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: You can take 'em bore a hole in that hat on it and I'll hang it on her hands and take it right on with 'em. Interviewer: Right. 025: Take it right off the ground with the hammer part. Interviewer: I say. 025: Skipping with that other thing Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And then s a lot of times people did that with crowbars You know what a crowbar is. Interviewer: Sure. #1 {X} # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I don't- I'm not sure I know what you mean by skipping them though. 025: Well that's skipping grab. Call 'em grab skippers. That'd be enough and s Grab out of the log you see. Interviewer: {NW} 025: I've got some of them over there and I used to do Interviewer: Say knocking the grab out? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Knocking the grab out? 025: Yeah Interviewer: What's the grab? 025: Oh now that's that thing that you drive in the log. Interviewer: {NW} 025: The pull Interviewer: The pull haul I see that's the 025: I can show you some things. all I need and I can tell you what they are I've got some of the greatest out there now. Interviewer: I want to see these after a while but it's this was the sort of thing that's driven into the log #1 {X} # 025: #2 Yeah. # Yeah, yes There's two kinds of grabs. There was grabs that was double grabs A long chain you know and they call them headers they tape that to the first log. Interviewer: Mm-mm. 025: And then there was other grabs that called rail grabs there's on the chain and one end of the gr- one grab on one end and one to the other one. And thataway they could connect two to- tulip- two together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Go out yonder and you can go up the hillside you know and you'd pull it up {X} Interviewer: I see. I see. Well that's, so that's 025: The first 'un's the two that that had the Two grabs on one ring up here you know. Swiveling They'd call them headers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And you nail them to the grip to the front grab. Thataway you know it'd pull straight. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And then them others they call a trail grab there'd be a trail grab A grab on each end of that chain. About altogether about {D: short lumps} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: They took one on one log and one on another log and one back yonder hook another on that to the end and that end and you can get on the hillside you can just take a string of them off of there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: If you's in level land then you can all your horses can pull you can hit the {X} Interviewer: Now were there any other now uh when you talked about plows before were there any other kind of plows that you, kind of plows you. The kind of plows you were talking about seemed more {D: elaborate}. Tell me about the kind of simple ones that are handled by just uh one 025: Well they just {D: turning} plows. And then they'd need double foots. Single foots it takes what you call a single foot lay off the ground with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Take a double foot, plow their stuff with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Take the turning plow you know and turn the ground to start with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How about a {X} 025: Well they have that that's what I call a single file you know, little {X} a single footed plower to break up rough land with lay off with {X} Interviewer: How about the kind of plow that you use on a hill that you could flip over. 025: That's hillside turners you can flip it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Flip that thing you know it has a latch on each side you can flip that and {X} anyway you want it to you can go out this way and then when you got there you could flip a button go back around the hill. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But a turning plow just plows one way because their for level land you know {X} Interviewer: I see. 025: Sometimes you could start in the middle and sometimes you just go down the field you just put your where you want to plow. Interviewer: I see. 025: I've used them on hillside plow. It's handy. See thataway is about the only way you could do it. If you didn't have a hillside you'd have to drag your plow back to the other end. {X} And come back on it, you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Or you could plow going in the {X} Interviewer: I see, yeah, fine. Now the uh on a uh, uh on a wagon the um the uh, the things that a, that goes up between the two horses. 025: That's the tongue. Interviewer: And on a buggy. 025: Shaves Interviewer: And the 025: I don't know. Interviewer: The thing that goes through the wheel the wheel goes through the goes from one wheel to the other 025: That is the axle. Interviewer: Okay, now the, uh taking the wheel from the very center is uh. 025: There wasn't no wheel on the center Interviewer: At the center of the wheel the very center of the wheel 025: Huh. Interviewer: At the very center of the wheel where the axle goes through. 025: Oh that is a hub. Interviewer: Okay and then coming up from there are the 025: that's that wheel that fit right on there you know and then there's a nut big ol' nut Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: screw that on there Interviewer: Yeah. 025: keep it on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What were the spokes what do you call the part of the wheel were the spokes went in to? 025: that's the f- rim Interviewer: and 025: And the hub short at the one end two down here at the bottom Interviewer: And what went around the rim? 025: one well that is the rim and the iron tire went around that you see Interviewer: Okay and what did you call you know what does one piece of the wheel that might have two spoke holes in it? 025: That's the hub. Interviewer: No up on the wheel. 025: That is the I would call that the I don't know the rim had a name huh. Which is a rim to start with you see. Interviewer: Well the rim but the rim was in pieces that's what I'm talking about. 025: Yeah it is, it's in sections. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: And it's plowing in with the iron tire. Interviewer: Heh. 025: hell they don't know what they did seem like they call that the feller Interviewer: That's right that's what I wanted that that's what I wanted to hear what I wondered if they called it here that's what I was wondering about the feller, sure uh that was like the piece #1 the one the sections # 025: #2 yeah yeah # just a rim. The other word remains a rim, but they called it the feller or something like that. Interviewer: That's the word I was looking for. 025: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 That's the word I was looking for. # 025: of the wheel, about three spokes to a section Interviewer: That's the word I wanted, but I have it great deal of trouble trying to explain this to students of mine I tell them about this and they don't they never heard the word they're amazed that there is such a word for the outer pieces of the wheel. 025: Well it takes somebody that's been raised to that stuff and all I forget a lot of things. Interviewer: Now what about when you uh you uh hitch a horse to a wagon the that piece of wood that the horse actually pulls on. 025: That is a doubletree. Interviewer: Okay, now that would be if there were two horses. 025: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What. 025: {D: Now they say} If you ever work one horse, you have to have it shaves like a buggy Interviewer: Well but, or we have doubletree. {X} But then in front of the- 025: And then the swingletrees face the tongue of the doubletree. Interviewer: Okay. 025: And there's a chain, I don't know {X} they called a stay chain that facing from the from the doubletree back to the axle. To keep one horse from pulling the other. that can get in the wagon you see. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 025: #2 Just get it so it'd work. # Interviewer: I see, okay. Uh, now let's go back to the hog uh raising again what did uh the uh uh the uh the male for the breeding animal. 025: That was boar. Interviewer: Okay and did they have did farmers and others use other words in the presence of women would they use the word boar? 025: They wouldn't hardly you know {X} Male hogs. {X} thought that wasn't just proper for women but now then they just say bull or boar there's more women into the cattle field now Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 And now # 025: #2 Gotta go behind the stump now uh? # Boar, bull or whatever jack Jenny Interviewer: was that another word you would avoid using around women? Jack? 025: No that's all you could do about it just the Jack. Interviewer: Yeah, okay, now that, the uh They would say that in the presence of women okay now let's take the 025: #1 from the time of # Interviewer: #2 Not # 025: boar and bull and men are sorta shy you know, about naming a boar. Interviewer: How about buck and, how about buck and ram? 025: Well they didn't seem to pay as much attention to that of course it's all the same and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Just a buck or a ram. A ram, sheep or buck. Interviewer: I see. 025: Sheep had horns you just call it a ram and if it didn't have horns you're just a buck. Now that's where the ram Interviewer: #1 I see. # 025: #2 {X} # {D: come in and horn 'em.} You take some of them sheep you know they'd have a great big ol' horn. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: {X} Interviewer: They had those kinds around here with the- 025: They used to yeah, there ain't no sheep there anymore. People {D: dogs have to kill 'em} People went out of the sheep business Interviewer: Uh from the time that when the they When it's full grown you call it a hog. When it's first born it's just a 025: Pig Interviewer: Now how big can it be and still be called a pig, when 025: Well when they still call it a pig 'til it gets up to forty fifty pounds and they'll call it a shoat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And then it gets out of the shoat it's a hog. Interviewer: Okay how, how big, what's the difference between a shoat and a hog? When is it when would you 025: Well a shoat's a {NS} is a you take it's like I told you a while ago a pig you can call 'em a pig 'til they get up to thirty, forty, fifty pounds and then on that they. They're shoats then 'til they get up to maybe weigh a hundred pounds and then they're hogs or something like that. That may not be just correct. Interviewer: No, but the basis is the rea- you, you ba- you base it on weight more than anything else. 025: Yeah, on size. Interviewer: I see, and then a female a full grown female is a. 025: Is a sow. Interviewer: And what about an unbred female? 025: Then she'd be a gilt. Interviewer: Okay. And the stiff hairs on a hog's back? 025: Huh? Interviewer: The stiff hairs on a hog's back. 025: On the neck? Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 025: Bristles. Interviewer: Okay. And and the did you ev- did they ever have any wild hogs up here in the 025: They have had them. Interviewer: Did you call that anything special? 025: We call 'em wild hogs. They'd say in the mountains, you'd never get one of them {D: far enough} Interviewer: Mm. 025: People, they've, might, I knowed a few people catching 'em that you bring 'em in drink them do nothing with them wouldn't eat put 'em up and wouldn't eat They're just wild. Interviewer: Were these just animals that had gone uh. 025: Just hogs had gone wild you know. Some sows and Interviewer: Did they ever have any with the 025: Yeah them old big long Tushes you know just Several inches long. Interviewer: Now after you got around to to uh when they when they cut out the uh open range and put up the fences they you raised then Then where did you raise your hogs? 025: Well you take this page wire fence from some people {X} and make picket fences you know have to have something pretty close for pigs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And uh then I have to page wire {X} and I'm okay to page wire fences you know put barb wire at the bottom to keep 'em from ripping it under Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {X} Interviewer: The uh Interviewer: The um really starts raining in a hurry here This has no no warning at all just comes down in a sheet that's amazing. I've never seen a rain begin so quickly. 025: {X} Interviewer: I better, I better see make sure my windows are rolled up. 025: My shotgun's loaded. One sitting against the little door and one the other Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: well a burglars will come in on you if you're a fixed for it you protect yourself Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: I've got two or three guns. My wife's good with a shotgun. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 She can't use a pistol much # but she can use a shotgun. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {NS} I've got two pistols in there that I keep loaded I never have had to use them for anything like that. {NS} Interviewer: You don't have much uh 025: You was talking about that uh that Latham Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 025: #2 Marian Latham # I he's a fine feller I guess his daddy was a Methodist preacher and they's rai- raised a gang of boys you know and there's awful poor people and mom's stepmother cooked out there at the dormitory Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: This, these boy's daddy after he's an old man in that big family. He'd walk several miles out there in them knobs and come out there to that Mercy college to get education enough to preach. And he finally got it but now, a man that's got a big family, there's a whole lot of them boys and I don't believe there's any girls. And he used to come carry on meeting and stay for two or three days or maybe a week at a time when revival's on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And he raised a good set of boys, some of them's preachers. There's one preacher in the bunch. But this Marian I know him the best one's that got the motel. Now I don't know how he ever got that he must've married into some money or something another. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: because he works for the electric people and has all these years. I don't know, he's old enough to retire. Interviewer: Did he live out sort of in in where, in the valley here? 025: No he was born out this side of Sevier over there in what they call the tenth district over there. Turn off out this side there to five oak farm turn off out there, and left there in the tenth district Interviewer: I think he woke me up this morning I talked to a man last night and he said I I asked if he'd wake me up at seven you know I had to call he said well maybe I'll have to get your clock cause I'm not sure anybody will be up at seven so uh but he did, he woke up- I woke up myself. 025: You ask him if he knows me now. Him and my boy belongs to the same lodge out there. Interviewer: I see. 025: They go to the same lodge. I forget what it is Eastern There's a lot along there Eastern star I don't know what it is. {X} They're good people. He's an awful talker. This Marian is I know one day they was putting in a light pole up here took 'em all day a whole crew of them took the whole day put in a light pole right up on here. I went up there two or three different times and old Marian he just quit and go talking to me you know Interviewer: #1 a huh # 025: #2 and the rest of the # fellers just worked on. Interviewer: Yesterday we were talking about hogs I forgot to ask you about the name what do you call a hog that's been fixed? 025: #1 Barrow. {C: pronounces it as Barry} # Interviewer: #2 Or castrated? # Can say it again please. 025: Barrow. Interviewer: Okay. 025: I don't know how that's spelled B-A-R-R-R-Y I guess. He's a boar 'til he's trimmed I mean you'd call it castrated anyway takes his seeds up Then he's a {D: barry}. Well that's the kind you fatten you can't you can't eat boar meat. I don't know how they do it I've been to the stock yards {X} but now I don't know how they do it. You kill a boar and you can't eat it. You kill a sow that's in season you know, and you can't eat that used to when we kill sows we had to wash that all off the clothes. You get one in there you can't eat it they're just strong you can smell it. it'll fill up your {X} I used to take my sows up there He had a great big boar. I guess he weighed six seven hundred pounds. He's mean. And uh they got to where they couldn't do nothing with him and this year feller let his. {X} And he let him have that and they kill it and they couldn't eat it. And he sold it to one of his sister's boys. And he took it out here {X} supermarket he had there then and they sold it and said that. They cut they didn't know it you know said they cut them hams and meat and sell them and said the folks would bring them back just about as fast as the took 'em about to get in a lawsuit about it. I don't know what they done or what they ever did do about it. But it was probably all rancid. This boy didn't know no better and Fred or the man that bought it for Fred they didn't know no better. But boy when they went to frying it they know better well you can smell that stuff for a long way. You can't eat it. If an old sow's in heat you can't eat that neither. You've got to watch that but now how they do that at the stock yards, I don't know. Interviewer: Huh. 025: These boars, I don't I don't know what they do I've asked fellers and they said they give them shots or something another and I've been there I used to sell a lot of hogs during the east Tennessee packing house You'd be in there, you'd see them come in there unloading them old sows you know and them all swelled up And I don't know what they do. they some kind of process it's just like people that runs dairies There's a wild onion smells like ranch you know a cow eat them you can't drink her milk. And I've Woman live right down below us here and she used to work for a dairy she said that the they had some kind of powder they'd put in that milk to kill that stench you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But there's something funny about that. You milk a cow every morning it wasn't in it, but milk her in the night it was in it. We used to have plot of them they grow along the creeks you know the bottom. Interviewer: You need a ramp or. 025: #1 well there's a wild onion in there # Interviewer: #2 something like that. # 025: between the wild onion and a ramp they's they'll eat cows eats them they like them Interviewer: Mm. 025: And they make a bloom on top of them with seeds you know on the top. And. I don't know, you just can't milk it, can't milk it. One time I got some stuff down here at the drug store something to put in it. It helped a little didn't help it too much. But this woman said they had some way of doing that and cow's will take what they call last utters and their bags will swell up you know in the crud and you can't hardly get the milk out well country people wouldn't use that Well she said if they can milk them {X} She said they didn't pay no attention to that so there you are you don't know what you're eating when you get meat and you don't know what you're drinking when you get milk and of course everything now is government expected. {X} inspected but sometimes they get around that government stuff Interviewer: Sure. 025: it's just like hogs there's days come now when they put these little butchers out of business. And uh I know several of 'em and they said that just allow 'em one day a week back when hogs was plentiful than beef And they killed people you know privately? Said that they had a federal man come and stay with 'em till they got out. Interviewer: Is that right? 025: And over here at Blount county I used to go down to the stock yard a lot and there's a fella over there he bought lots of ponies He rent a little he rent a little slaughter house over here somewhere near Maryville And he'd buy all these little old ponies you know ponies got cheap you got in and you'd get a great big pony that weigh five or six hundred pounds fifteen twenty dollars. And he'd buy all poor cattle I got to watching him he'd buy all the ponies and he'd buy all the poor cattle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And the inspector went in one day and he had one of them ponies killed and skinned and laying on the table and cutting it up and make hamburger out of it. Put a little beef in it you know They put him out of business. Interviewer: Well You you know they were gonna eat gonna eat they were. 025: {D: Put it in your salad.} mixing it up you know Them ponies is you know they're they're plain as cattle and all but they say horse meat is is coarse, grainy meat. But he was grinding that and maybe grinding it twice you know and put a little bit of these old poor cow's meat in with it you know. He got by with it for a long time. And this inspector actually got so close on him you know he come in and caught him they shut him down right there and then like they broke him up. He had a store. {X} I knew the fella. He'd come into the stock yard. I forget what his name was but he lived over in Blount county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Now they, they get by usually the inspector can't be there every minute. Interviewer: Sure, sure. In hog raising when you uh where do you keep your hogs? 025: Well you can like I told you yesterday most of the people had lots they'd put 'em in back before they got to having page wire, they'd nail on big ol' crocked rails and. They'd make a fence like that that'd turn 'em but you couldn't pasture hogs and sheep in a barbed wire for {X} barbed wire fence unless you had them awfully close. Hogs are a mean thing, they would get me. And I used to, {D: I used to have a lot} Maybe four or five I used to keep {X} per six acres {X} I had a page wire fence I put 'em over there and raise 'em. Interviewer: How about 025: They have lots around here the page wire I just, I used to raise a lot of hogs. Interviewer: How about a shelter? The shelter they they stayed in? 025: Well if you've got woodlands, they'll make their beds and have their pigs they'll carry great big {D: brush} you know you can have a house. Everybody try to have a little house for 'em to lay in you know. But these old sows was funny you'll have a good house there for 'em and they'll go and carry in great big brush. And make 'em and leaves and make 'em a great big bed and have 'em in a fence corner or out and under a tree or something another. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: One time I had someone here and had 'em fix so they could go into the barn and had a place fixed to go into the barn. My sow was gonna have pigs and I thought she was ready to have pigs and I shut her up. And the next morning I went down there and looked at her, she was {D: gaint} it seemed she'd done she had done something Interviewer: I'm sorry did you say she was, she was 025: Huh? Interviewer: She was what? 025: Well I said she was hadn't I her put in the stable you know to have her pigs that night had her good bed in I fixed her she going to the barn shed you know go in there and I can shut her up. And I shut her up one evening and at this time I thought she was ready to have pigs. Interviewer: Is that what {D: gainked} means? 025: Huh? Interviewer: {D: Gainked?} 025: She was {D: gainked} Hog didn't have a lot like she hadn't had nothing to eat #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Oh I see. 025: She had her pigs and it come a big rain and the branch got out A nail rail fence over there, was on yonder side of the branch. Well I turned the sow out I seen there something the matter I turned the sow out and I followed her. And them little pigs laying over in the fence corner right on the branch bank And they was there and I got me a big basket and went over there and got 'em and carried 'em back over and put 'em in the stables and she'd come on back to 'em and I laid laid over there all that you know I thought she was ready to have pigs and she had them the night before. Interviewer: I see. 025: Right along and instead of going in there and it was fixed so she could go in there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Instead of going in there and having 'em in that stable she went over and had 'em on the bank of the creek. They'll carry in great big brush, they would drag 'em in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: They'll fix 'em up a great big thing. That's just nature you know. And I, hogs will do a whole lot better, and cows too if you'll let them have their way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Let 'em have their calves wherever they want to and let 'em have their pigs where ever they want. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: They'll do a lot better. It's just nature. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: It'll take care of 'em. Interviewer: Now. Uh did did the enclosure right around uh uh the hog house or whatever you'd call it uh um did you ever have a did you call that anything? 025: What? Interviewer: The kind of uh fence or whatever, little fenced in area around the hog house. 025: No they just depends on how many lots you have some people they have more than others you know some of them have a whole field, some 'em just have a lot maybe half acres, acres, something like that. Interviewer: The hog house is just right in the 025: #1 Get 'em in there so they can go in there and lay you know. # Interviewer: #2 In the lot is so # 025: Oh I used to build one, maybe twelve, fifteen feet wide and four or five six feet wide Cover it one way you know leave the front of it open so they can go in. Interviewer: Did you ever have a place out in the out in the pasture where you'd um uh where you'd milk the cows? 025: Yeah we used to do that {X} you can't milk every cow out in the field some of 'em you can, some of 'em you gotta put 'em in the stables. Sometimes you got to put {D: tiggers} on 'em. {NW} And uh all cows ain't alike, you've got a good ol' gentle cow, you can just go out there Get you a stool and sit on there and sit the bucket down take both hands and milk the two gallon bucket fill the right amount in a little bit. Now others, you've got to take them, put 'em in the barn. Not a lot of people you know these cows have got calves And if you're going to use them for milk cows you've got keep the cows in the stable or in a lot somewhere or another and let you cows come in at milking time, and let them have what the milk they want you to have, half of it. That's the general rule, let them suck two tits and you get two. Interviewer: Uh-huh I see. 025: But now then people's quit milking there ain't no money, all the farmers here just quit milking they just turn their cows out and let 'em have their calves you know and then keep them cash to fall {X} next year or something and seal the calves off and raise more. There's, there's no money anymore, very people milk, just very few. Used to everybody had a c- nearly everybody had a cow or two. Some of them had a half a dozen I have had ten or twelve at one time y'know so Interviewer: Did you have a, like that place uh Did you ever have a place out in the corner of the field where you might put a uh a rail down or something to keep the cow in there when you milked her? 025: Oh some people would do that you know and they'd maybe have to bring their cows in from somewhere maybe if you had a like a fine cash cow {X} and have to bring 'em all here. And I remember one time my grandpa led the cows Take them about a mile from here and go over there and get 'em and had a lot here put 'em in for the night. And uh keep 'em from wandering around and then the next morning milk 'em and then take 'em back over there. Interviewer: Did you call that place anything in particular? 025: No just Interviewer: You ever like uh 025: Cause there ain't a name for it just like. Interviewer: Like a little gap. 025: Just a lap or gap or or pen Interviewer: #1 I see. # 025: #2 or something like that you know. # Interviewer: And you and you and the place where the hogs stay, did you ever call that a hog pen or a 025: Well now a hog pen is thing that's built up off of the ground you know, floor Interviewer: #1 I see, that's what I wanted to know. # 025: #2 but you put the hogs you know # They's an old out yonder it's about rotted down, I ain't had enough hogs lately. You'd make them hog houses out of things you want to, so some of them Maybe fatten two hogs and let a little pen {D: that wasn't more than six for six or something} but I'd always had 'em about sixteen feet long and about six or eight feet wide you know sometimes I make 'em big enough that I can put a partition in 'em you know put big ones on one side and smaller ones on the other or something like that you know. Interviewer: I, was that, was that floor, that floor uh Was that just under the house or did it come all the way out? 025: I mean just like this floor, just up off the ground you know it wouldn't rot that you had to leave space for something from the {X} hog pen will get all nasty Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: You've got to keep them cleaned out you know. Interviewer: Sure. 025: Them hogs are a thing that it's hard to keep a hog at this time the weather in a pen, they'll just a hog can't stand no heat. You'll kill a hog in just a little bit, you take a hot day like this time of year, if the sun is shining, you take a hog and If you take him to market, you've got to start early in the morning, they can't no heat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: As one of my brother-in-laws, he'd had a stuck sow off somewhere or another and it was a hot day and he stopped up here to {D: spring} {D: fella leave her there on the road} down the way home for him. He had a, I guess he had this sow in a wagon, pickup truck or something. He had to {D: stop start} getting her some water and those sows are getting so hot. He got a bucket throwed the bucket full with water on her it just killed her deader than four o'clock right there. Interviewer: Is that the 025: They just can't stand it. Interviewer: Is that right? {NW} 025: You can go to the state He'll go for the packing houses and you hardly ever went there for what they was some hogs to laying there that had died I don't what the done with 'em I guess they made them up in the tankage or something. Interviewer: In the what? 025: They made the lot of that put a lot of that in tankage, put something else with it you know and sold it back to people to co- to uh feed their hogs, that tankage, it make 'em grew I don't know what all that in it, I bought a lot of it. It sure would make hogs grow you know, tankage would You'd find bones lots of times in it where they they'd run it through some kind of a mill but maybe they'd miss it {D: gonna make a} great big bone anyway. They ground the bones and all of it up. I don't know how they done it, but the packing houses. Interviewer: Hogs do eat their, their Do sows ever eat their pigs? 025: Yeah, Interviewer: Yeah that's what I 025: Yeah I had one one time that would eat 'em as fast as they come I never let her have no more. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But there's a cause for that. The cow, they the what not not the c- When a sow eats her pigs, she needs something, she's some kind of vitamins or something, now if you let 'em stay outside, they hardly ever do that but if you put one I had a mean sow one time, she's a big sow couldn't keep her no more. And I kept her in the, in this pen and uh from the time nearly that she was bred on 'til she had her pigs. And one day I was out there at the barn, and I come back out and I hear pigs screaming and I went back out there and that old sow was having 'em and eating 'em just as fast as they come. Just turn right around and eat 'em. But as a general rule if you had a sow out in the field or out somewhere there's something they get, some kind of minerals or something that they they eat ain't got that makes them eat their pigs is what people argue and I don't know what they're talking about and I know it works, because I kept that {X} you know and it's the only one I remember having that just eat her pigs just as fast as they come. Interviewer: Mm. 025: She had and you can get a sow too fat. See I had kept her up there and fed her good and she was too fat a fat sow That's ready for market Things like that They don't have as good of a look through pigs as a sow that's just ordinarily kept Interviewer: Uh-huh. Was that pen did that, was the, did, was the entire flooring, floor area, was that entire part covered or was there some part that was open? 025: No, I know's take a place like that you know pen, you're {D: encovered} Interviewer: Uh-huh, the whole pen is covered. 025: Yeah, the whole thing and But you'd always need your take boards or something you see sheet iron draws heat. Hogs can't just can't stand heat. Interviewer: And they 025: You can run one a little whiles, try to catch it or put it in another field and you're just as liable to kill it or not, they just can't stand it. Now cattle, you can just run them horses will you still wouldn't work horses You've got to be careful with your horses cutting wheat and heavy work you know, they'll get too hot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. With the uh cattle, did you have a place next to the barn where they could come in and maybe even get in under the rain? 025: Oh yeah. Some people do and some don't, some people don't even ain't got no shade. There's a fellow right over here adjoining me his cattle comes and gets in the creek they shade on my side and the creek's between us. And he th- these hill flies will aggravate the cattle to death they'll run them to death in the summertime. And they'll get in the shade or they'll get in the water If they can get in the water, they get in it up to their necks to keep them flies off of them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And them heel flies ain't been here too long. When I was a boy there's flies on the back oh he's talking about the the Joe Woods and that old man Dave Hendrick And Dave Hendrick explained explain that to me what happened. It's a cross between our fly and a western fly. People got the shipment of western cattle here you see from out west. Well this is a mix Our old fly was just a regular cattle fly, and they just covered their back up but they do lay eggs or something in there and make great big ol' larva as big as your finger in their back and then next spring they have to get 'em out or Interviewer: Was that kind of a bum? 025: Yeah, just a worm Great big worm, as big as your finger Uh we'd catch 'em and squeeze 'em out {X} {X} find out what happened, he said what Dave Hendrick said {X} He said this was a cross between the western fly and our fly that caused these heel flies and they'll get around the cow's heels you know and and they'll run, they'll just go through fences or anything it'd just run 'em crazy {X} Now that generally comes in May and June and then it's all over. But now then there's a face fly that comes after that. And that's what give cattle the pink eye. Face flies, people have that, we had trouble with it cattle go blind with it They will just work around, they're worse on white face cattle than they are black ones. And uh this Eyes were just inflamed you know and they would plum blind they would. We had one last summer that went plum blind. Got a boy down here, he's a pretty good vet. Keeps some medicine, he come up here She was alive. She'd run into the barn, the fence. He brung his boy and son-in-law, they had to, couldn't get her in the barn you know, she couldn't see. But she had couldn't get close enough to her get a hold of her. Them boys Lassoed her you know, throwed a rope over her neck and two of them held her and he give her a shot and put some stuff in her eye and she here she is she's alright. But they will, I've seen them at the stock yards where their eyes would bust. Interviewer: Is that right. 025: It gets so bad you know, their eyes'd are bust. Interviewer: #1 Gets uh # 025: #2 But they've got a remedy for that # now, you can get it in town. But the longer it lasts in 'em the worse it gets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: They'll finally go out and some of them never come back. Their eyes will be They get up there and they The place where they'll bust, and when they're bust, their sight never comes back you know. Interviewer: At at the barn, they the place where the uh the cows go, there might be a little extension out in the barn where they can walk in under. What do you call that? 025: A what? Interviewer: Oh it's that, it's a little, like a little roof that uh kind of comes out from the #1 barn roof. # 025: #2 Well they call that a shed. # Interviewer: Okay, that's {X} That's called different things, I might sound silly but some people call it a 025: Well we'd call that area a shed {X} I got two barns, one of 'em got a shed and the other one ain't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But them sheds now they obviously {X} down here, in these two sheds course uh One of them's open and the other one's got hay in it but these cows will go in there and lay you know. Keep salt in there you know, you lay block salts you know, if you leave it out in the rain, it don't last as long as it does if you put it in the dry If you put it in the dry, it'll twice as long as it will out in the rain salt will melt you know. Get a puddle of water It won't melt too bad from the rain but it'll melt if if it gets water around it I used to keep cattle there down in the bottom of the creek, it'd overflow and maybe I'd lose a whole block of salt at one time and it'd just melt over night where the water gets over to it you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh yeah. Uh, when, when the hogs use the barn, when you let 'em right into the barn, uh 025: You could let 'em go into the barn but now that doesn't doesn't mean, you could. That is almost just the last chance you get the hogs in your barn the fleas will get so bad they leech you up. You can't go with the barn without the fleas getting all over you. We used to get in the back Could put 'em in the barn if you're going in the barn. Hogs creates fleas and they create flies. Interviewer: Alright. When they went in the barn though, did you call that, and you said mention the word stable. And I just wanted- 025: No that's a stable that you keep your cattle in. In big stables some barns are bigger than others these down here is big stabled. It's an old barn or big stables are bigger and are stabled up this barn. That's where you put 'em in, got a door to 'em and shut 'em up. Interviewer: Was. Did you ever call that a hog stable? 025: Uh no, maybe if we had a certain stable down there that we'd keep a hog in we'd call it down there in the stable where the hogs stayed or Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh but # 025: #2 something like that or # hog lots Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: We've got a lot right out here now and We always get hogs out there and we'd still call it the hog lot. Interviewer: Mm. 025: {NW} Two acres and {NW} still call it the hog lot. Interviewer: What do the, how does the whole barn set up, your big barn? Uh what uh Could you kind of describe it for me? 025: Well I can show ya out here what time would you uh Interviewer: Well first tell me about it and then 025: #1 Well what just what do you mean # Interviewer: #2 Well well well I # what uh for instance what What did you use if for if you had the stables in, you had some stables in there but what else? 025: Well Put the hay in the barn loft {X} Put the hay in the barn loft and put it on the shed where you an get the {X} got it down there in stables and and then the sheds too if we got a lot of hay and ain't got too much room. I mean I don't have room for it all the time. Used to hay sold good, it don't sell so good now. People, everybody like I told you had a mule or something to farm with, and had a cow or two to raise her milk to the family you could sell all the hay you had. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Well people nowadays, these milk trucks will drive right to your door you know and people's got jobs and working and it's easier to they think, to keep a to buy the milk than it is to keep a cow, buy a feed for her y'know. Interviewer: Sure. Did you ever uh did anybody around here call that anything other than the barn loft? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Other than the barn loft 025: That's all ever I hear Interviewer: Did they never 025: Loft. Interviewer: Yeah? Did you ever hear it called a mow? 025: A what? Interviewer: A mow? Or a haymow? 025: Uh-uh. Well I heard of that haymow but I've never heard of it called a barn loft I don't know what that haymow means unless it's just a rick of hay outside something like that. Interviewer: I see. 025: And I might add, {X} there's a lot of people you know that'll used to stack their hay. Just put in a big pole and stack their hay, I guess that's what you mean and then later on, if they wanted to have barn room they could put it in and they'd stack it there you know they'd dry it out and then get a baler to come stationary baler, people used to have stationary balers you know and get dry it up. Bale your hay. But now and then there's nobody puts up hay any more hay like that. Everybody puts up their hay with a, with a baler. Interviewer: Did you ever see a covered hay stack? 025: Well I've seen ricks of hay where people had covered 'em with canvas or something like that. Interviewer: But not with like a roof over it. 025: Well they just thought, they just pack it up you know maybe and then have a stack of hay as big as this room and then they get big tarpaulin or some big ol'', some kind of canvas and put over it and I seen some down here two Sundays ago at this Baptist hospital there's two big wagon loads there there at the hospital that went out from the hospital I guess there's a hospital property. And they had old big. Tarpaulins or some kind of canvas over them you know. Course they was going to put that at the barns no more but I guess they didn't have time and they just covered it with that to keep it from getting wet 'til they could get it unloaded. But I have seen it {NS} just uh Took out thataway you know, and packed up lay something under, this hay on the ground will soon rot And cover it up with something another there Interviewer: Do you still call it a rick even if it was as big as this room? 025: Well they don't make 'em that big sometimes. Now one time I went to To Florida. Son-in-law took me and he went to work at the plant and he got out {X} payday We went through there and went through a cooler load. {X} And all through that country you know they, that's the way they put their hay up. They just make uh we call 'em shocks or stacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: They ain't too big if they're shocks And if they're big enough they're stacks so we gotta pull out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And now these fellas will just make 'em you know and great big uh you know just not too big just. That's the way they did they said they let it stay there and just {D: fed} it out like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was it, it wasn't uh it wasn't piled up in the same as you. 025: It was just the shocks start big at the bottom and run off at the top you know, {D: they would hurt water} for a a whole winter. {X} You can put 'em up dry 'em out on this fall and then bale them next spring {X} that water just It turns water just goes about so deep and that's it, well it. When it goes so deep the sun'll come out you know and keep it dried out. Interviewer: I see. 025: And people used to thresh wheat and oh have big has stacks, or big straw stacks you know and and let the cat around, the cat'll eat that straw. They'd go plumb through a stack of hay. Eat whole, plumb through a stack of hay. Interviewer: How big, how many say wagon loads have you seen in a stack of hay? Say a really good sized hay stack, how many wagon loads might that be? 025: Well all that depends you know on how big the wagon loads you've got. You could put several loads of hay. You could make a stack as big as you wanted or as little as you wanted. You could make it to hold a half a dozen wagon loads or make it to hold three or four, just depends you had a pretty good idea, you and then you'd just have to start it so big you know. Interviewer: Is a couple thousand pounds of hay 025: Ooh oh yeah, there'd be more than that in a lot of 'em. Interviewer: Where'd you keep your grain? Or where do you 025: Well we had places just to put that I'd go out there with a big garner made out of poplar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And uh. Poured in them Interviewer: What do 025: Then hold. I then hold four uh fifty, sixty, maybe seventy maybe a hundred bush loads I know the last year we raised oats was a hundred bushels and we put it up there and two garners and didn't have 'em full. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {X} Interviewer: Is uh Are the garners in a in a in a special What building are the garners 025: They're right there and they're right in a walk way between 'em, one end's a crib you know and under it all I keep my car or truck in there, plain 'em We don't use them garners much anymore, we don't make no grain anymore. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Few years ago I had a feeling. Oats you know, I had them in there, still got some of them. Interviewer: But you didn't call it a granary. 025: Yeah I called it a granary and that's what it was but these were places where you put it you call them garners. Interviewer: I see. 025: There's four of 'em. Interviewer: #1 I see, and you could drive a wagon in between the crib. # 025: #2 You can # Drive the wagon in there. Interviewer: Between the crib and the 025: Yeah. Interviewer: granary. 025: Yeah. Interviewer: Wa- was the, was the crib considered part of the granary too? 025: Yeah used to try a place in there you can drive through it but we finally close up the back end there you know and we just back the wagon in there and when we hauled that on the wagon and and got to hauling it in the For the tractor and the four wheel wagon, you could just back 'em in there. It's easier than turning than turn it all that out shut the door and nail it back up, had to keep it nailed up. Interviewer: But, was the, was the crib considered part of the granary and the 025: Yeah, but we put the crib was over here you know and that's where we put our corn we gathered the corn you know in the in the year. But now then, you can't they have they've even while they'd gather {X} and then pick up in a year so you could sell it or do whatever you want to it. Now then that that's played out there's only one combines I know of in here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: They see a store and {D: hit shell} {X} Fellow out right next to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: They gather that and it's got a great old big ol' long pipe And it'll hold about a hundred bushels it's two side of it. It'll hold a hundred bushels to the side a little'll fill that up. And then if they're gon' sell it, they've got wagons And they'll just run it out that pipe and then take it on to the mill or if we're going to this fella up here, he's got thousands and thousands of chickens, he raises his and to feed his chickens, but he's got places at home where he can empty their stock, y'know. And he's got mills to grind that up and make chicken feed out of it saves him from buying so much and then he rents a lot of land around here and grows milo milo for things It's, the seeds ain't as big as wheat or something like that but makes awful good chicken feed he grows a lot of that and combines it. And he makes that stuff all up but it saves him thousands and thousands of dollars. These seeds are getting to be out of reason. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: These people going out of the chicken business on the count of thieves. Thieves {D: harden} chickens they came out of those here while back Where they was killing little chickens by the thousands, they just. Interviewer: I saw that. 025: Couldn't raise the chickens and come out on the thieves. And that's why this fellow shines up here, why he {D: furnishes scat} {X} more chickens. He's got 'em up there by the thousands He's. Naw I've got plenty. They've got {X} my neighbor down here, he built. He built three houses in there then, three houses that held fifty Had fifty-two thousand chickens, had a ton. Now got three houses, but they quit, and using the houses for something else, they're still up here. They raised {X} down there. This fellow up here lays bout Keep laying chickens and hens lay eggs Interviewer: What do they call that little thing that you take chicken around in the maybe you might put the little chicks in when 025: Coop. Interviewer: Pardon? 025: A coop. {NW} Interviewer: That's what I 025: {NW} Interviewer: Before we had uh refrigerator and icebox, how did you keep your milk and butter co- uh cool? 025: Well we've got a big stream down there and water'll run through there, we keep air in that way and other people in there Used to people'd have bells and tie a rope around 'em or something, and let down the well then later on, begin to get {NW} iceboxes. Have to get your ice over here at Sevierville and go over there and get you a hundred pound ice and put it in that there thing to keep your milk and butter and things like that in. Interviewer: Did you ever have a little kind of a house thing down at the the uh spring? 025: Went down to spring, I just, it's so wet though that you get your feet wet going down there. A spring, we've got a big spring. And uh it's concreted on each side you know and then there's a place about a foot and a half wide or maybe two foot down through there, follow the stream of water around through and it's cool. And they fix it there you know, put up the put the milk and the butter and everything in in there. But then you had to be awful careful when the creek got up. The spring is nearly low as the creek and a lot of times when the creek'd get up and back the spring branch up and you'd have to run down there and set it all up or lose your milk. A lot of times you'd lose it. Interviewer: What'd you call that place where the concrete was? Did you call- 025: Well we just called it the spring box, something like that. {X} Interviewer: I see, did anybody ever dig dig a oh, maybe a place for storing potatoes, dig it in a, dig us into the ground or in the #1 side of the road? # 025: #2 Well now they don't # thrive around here. I know we used to try every which way in the world to save sweet potatoes. But now you're talking about Irish potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: People would take Irish potatoes and they would lay some straw or hay or something on the ground and then they'd cover 'em up with that and then they'd cover that up with dirt. And then'd, then maybe just stick some planks up, plant. {X} I kept mine, had a little house built into the chicken house down there and I'd keep mine in there in the dry. You could save sweet potatoes that way all winter, but you couldn't do much with Irish pot- Sweet potatoes. Now they sprouted down here in the {D: board's creak section} Used to raise lots of taters to sell on the market. They had regular houses for that and kept 'em at a set at a certain temperature. And then they had to keep 'em there until next spring when tatoes- potatoes got high you know. And then take them over to Knoxville and sell 'em to markets. {D: Sore}, market. Interviewer: When they dig that into the ground and cover it with straw and then cover it with dirt. 025: No you didn't dig a hole, you just laid it flat on the ground. If you dug a hole, water might stand and kill it. Interviewer: Okay. Did they call that anything? 025: I just called it tater holes. Interviewer: Oh okay, it was called a hole but they didn't dig a hole. 025: No they didn't dig a hole but they'd go in there you know and they'd stick their hand in under there I tell you When rain get 'em, that's what everybody you do, you'd see them around in people's gardens, some people didn't put 'em in the {D: dry} but I always did when I could. {X} With the place with the bottom or the one with no floor in it you know. Interviewer: What would you call this place right around the barn with the stock. 025: That's the barn loft. Interviewer: And then the, and where they the uh animals graze, 025: That's your pasture. Interviewer: Uh. Did did they ever grow cotton around here at all? Any at all? 025: Oh people used to grow a little for their own use, none for market. Interviewer: Did you ever grow any? 025: Yeah my, we grew it a little you know. Interviewer: Could could you uh. interviewer: um yeah now what was that 025: they called it chopping cot- #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: the weeds outta it I reckon interviewer: Do they call that here too? 025: nah they ain't nobody ever raised any cotton in here from the market they just raise it for their own use ya know {C: bell sounds} interviewer: I see. 025: and then have to gather that stuff ya know and then pick the seeds out of it {D: and now that} take them old batting card like I's telling you about interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 {X} # make 'em into baths put 'em into quilts interviewer: ah, what kind of w- weeds were there d- did ya. What are some of the worst kind of weeds you have to deal with out here 025: Crabgrass Crabgrass, that's just a thing that'll grow here in your land ain't too good here just take your garden or whatever you- #1 you've got # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 025: another mean weed in this here it ain't so bad in this country but it's all over {X} county and a lot of it in Meyer's cove. Is what they call Johnson grass It's a thing that'll grow from seed out first thing you know a field's covered up in it. Can't get rid of it. But these different kind of weeds that'll give you trouble used to people had a lotta trouble with the ragweed, they're about played out Used to there's the stuff that get down near your feet {X} it was just the stuff that matted 'til people got to relying on their land and fertilizing it and getting the grass to grow so rank and it choked it out ya know #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 hmm # 025: none of it anymore interviewer: yeah, is there any of that kinda looks like clover that grows this flat along the ground got a name for that stuff? 025: ah there's a lot of things like #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 it- it- grows # especially where there's a lot of water ah where it's damp where the water where the the 025: you wouldn't call that watercreepers would ya interviewer: maybe so 025: uh? interviewer: that might be. I was uh there's some stuff in Georgia called bouncing Betty and I just #1 wanted # 025: #2 I never # hear a tell of that it might be the same thing here called something else interviewer: That's the kind of stuff that uh you can you can get rid of that with lime too if there's a uh uh #1 uh # 025: #2 well # cuz I know I've got anything like that hear a lot cuz somebody but these old water grasses {X} who can't get it rid of 'em take roots in down in the mud ya know and they have to clean your spring branch out two or three times a year interviewer: How is your farm laid out now in terms of the fields? they um when you were ah 025: Well, they was laid out just sort of the way it comes in handy ya know it would be have the field over yonder five or six acres ain't it on that side of the road and over here there'd be one with that much get on down the bottom lands down here my lands goes for miles one end to the other and then the forty acre fields down there. interviewer: your your farm is a mile 025: #1 a mile long # interviewer: #2 cause it # 025: #1 a mile # interviewer: #2 right about it # 025: well you'd have to go around the road. it wouldn't be quite that to go straight through. interviewer: Alright. 025: #1 great # interviewer: #2 is it # either side of the road? 025: on both sides 'til you get on down yonder then it stops and mine's on the other side. #1 and down # interviewer: #2 okay # 025: it's on both sides of the road until you get out through the patch of woods down there and it goes on and every field's got to get water in every field. interviewer: How big is that patch of woods you talked about? Is that 025: eh right at there the patch has got about two acres in it. {NS} Then over here on the hell I used have sixty acres over yonder in timberland and I sold several years ago couldn't been mile a way from home. people mistreated me over there. they cut my stuff and hauled it out lightning would strike the trees and kill 'em and first thing you know you had to go there and cut out a great big boundary of pine trees to get shed of the worms interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Then I've got some over here back when my son-in-law was there and there's two parts of that wood I guess that's there four acres of {X} ain't much down {D: Berness} country anymore ain't good timber up here. white oak and big black oak hey and big trees you can bring and make boards out of. interviewer: ah well you've a ah interested in how how you um make a difference between a field and a patch? Is there any sharp 025: Well a field is big piece of ground and a patch is maybe a half acre maybe an acre, maybe less. {X} patch We used to have a garden, half acre We'd never called it a patch we called it the garden. Well a patch I don't know what you mean what you're talking about. A patch is a little place out there somewhere that you've got cleaned up for certain things ya know call it a turnip patch er bean patch #1 I uh # interviewer: #2 or a # 025: patch or something interviewer: A patch usually has only one crop in it at a time? 025: just a little something interviewer: But is it or as big as say three acres you'd probably call it a field 025: yeah I'd call it a field. interviewer: Yesterday we were talking about fences and you mentioned your picket fence. uh and you mentioned the um uh the uh rail fence and the wire fence uh did uh would you uh tell me how uh I'm sure you've, you've made picket fences 025: I've seen 'em made #1 yah. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: Don't know why there's two or three ways you can make them and that is through {X} they'd take them and put them in there posts very close together there's a mean fence posts beginning to get weak then blow down and uh it had any amount of 'em and then take put two bars down here at the bottom and two bars up here you know and then you're {X} had this thing in there between them you could turn that back to forward and put them pickets in there and then crush your oars and another ya know and then when you got to the full of your nail and you all and then there's another way you could put you up couple of planks and nail your pickets to them. The picket fence was a mean fence. They they kissed a lot of wind and blow down. We just whatever happened to 'em. I don't even fool with them anymore. You've got your get wore you know and that wind'll go through the lore Devil will picket fence'll blow down on interviewer: Yeah Picket fences were but they will spaced weren't they? was there space 025: #1 The pickets were # interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: #1 {D: dryna a na na} # interviewer: #2 # 025: {D: under enough a nothing} hogs nothing's gonna get them. Some people a getting close enough to chickens and couldn't get them. just depends on what you gonna put in now {NS} interviewer: How did how did they make the pickets? 025: made them like them {D: microsticks}. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: While you are in {D: Cut ya} down the tree it'll split Whatever size ya want 'em go on four feet six feet or whatnot Take that bust 'em in two and get 'em to where you can put them in to get your big ol' fork and find you a fork and play somewhere There's about six inch through I don't know. Cut it off here you know where the fork started and then let it go on out there and then to the fork and then you'd stake that down and you'd cut your boards or your pickets in there dry wet fur in there and mash down on it and then split them right on interviewer: I see. Did they ever call those Palings? #1 Is that something different? # 025: #2 ya they call 'em # Paling fences sometimes or pickets fences interviewer: ya uh Is there any difference between the two? 025: no There's Palings and pickets {D:what whichever} some people call them one thing, some another ya know. interviewer: When when you're clearing a field you talked to me yesterday about clearing your field you had a lot of rocks or stones probably that 025: Well some people did but we never was bothered with that out here. But now up here by where my wife was raised and over here on down this mountain they'd pick up them rocks and they had rock fences over there it's been there I guess for a hundred years They'd make fences out of them rocks. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Lord did every time with them up there where she raised they had a big rock fence you know they had all them fences of rocks up there ya know And they'd lay their {X} And uh the rabbits would get in there you know and snakes and things they were dangerous {NS} be careful about it, {D: That old year I uh was trying to this mountain} there's one place over there that's got a lot of them rock fences. But up there where she was raised I think that fence is still there. interviewer: #1 How high is it? # 025: #2 It's a good one. # interviewer: How high did it stand? 025: huh? interviewer: How high did it stand? 025: eh just like any other fence. Four or five feet. interviewer: Is that right? 025: #1 it must have cattle # interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: {D: and nothing more.} interviewer: Some job putting up a fence like that? 025: That'd be something them rocks in there interviewer: Sure. 025: getting them off the field now and the best way to do that is to kill two birds with one rock er ya know and made 'em a fence interviewer: #1 {NS} # 025: #2 {X} # interviewer: Sure, sure 025: {D: They forgot that how fancy's them day} interviewer: ah what does it it put it it in a nest ah to fool a chicken? 025: do what? interviewer: you know, fool a chicken to, most of the time fool, a hen? 025: Well you could get artificial eggs and put them through that one's just get a egg that's you know extra white for them to sit on n' they won't hatch and take some of them if you want the good eggs something to lay in there and level better if there's an egg that goes with the nest egg interviewer: eh ah what 025: Chick-chickens in good luck and lay that one egg and interviewer: What are the artificial ones made of? 025: I don't know I guess there's some of 'em's glass and some of 'em's something else I've seen 'em I don't know if there's any here but I've seen 'em. Some of 'em would get gorge little gorge The chicken wouldn't know the difference and they's just still lay it But if you took all 'em out a lot of times the hen could used to now of course in the houses chickens has to lay wherever they are put. But used to you know, people didn't pen their chicken. They just let them run out and hide in places from the land They'd lay in the barn or wherever. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And that a way, if you didn't do something a lot of times they'd move their nests somewhere else interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and get to places you wouldn't ever find them 'til they set on with nasty chickens and run off with 'em. interviewer: What kinds of gourds did they use? When they 025: Honest little gourds you know you know {D: punch your gourd-ner} along the fence or some more later one the fence and have some gourds there big gourds, little gourds, and all kinds of gourds. interviewer: Any kinds of called semolina? 025: huh? interviewer: Semolina 025: I never hear- interviewer: Semolina 025: Ah I don't know them little gourds they slow as my I've got a lot of them out there on the fence. I just laid out there and a lot of them rotted there might be some here somewhere But I don't know where they're at. They used to have a big gourd oh some of them hold a gallon or more you can make martin boards out of them you know. Take 'em and put them full big and high on a pole and cut a hole of out 'em and the Martin's would come over in spring and reason we done that Martin's would keep the crows off the crows would catch your chicken off the crow but the but the hawks would catch your chicken {NW} These your What have you lost? interviewer: nothing I though I smelled something burning I just wanted to be sure. 025: I don't reckon I don't flat myself before I do that sometimes. She made me a burn something in there interviewer: oh okay, well that's it ya oh it is, ya that's 025: Let me see if I can got off interviewer: ya that's right 025: cooking stove Yeah {X} interviewer: though i smelled {X} Auxiliary: Ya I burned {X} interviewer: oh well I was just afraid I afraid I I accidentally dropped a match or something eh Auxiliary: heh no interviewer: oh 025: {X} wood stove all I need is one of 'em irons I can get one hundred and eighty dollars for that thing smokes interviewer: uh-huh eight 025: and one of 'em gon' get so bad that I've got it and {X} not satisfied with that smoke and it don't do it every time interviewer: uh-huh 025: Last winter that coal gray get up and get in there and make a fun We'd smoke to beat the dickens. those stove and before that and stove before that I don't know what the matter's with it. She got it day we got it day {D:several} {X} They don't know that they could suck them into flour up there boy that put 'em up He put new pup in it. interviewer: Yeah 025: took a broom cleaned flew out I don't know what to do Now what I found out what makes it {X} don't do that every time you put flour in it. Just sometimes. interviewer: Alright. I see, well maybe it has something to do with the weather. 025: But you take in the winter time and the doors don't shut you can't stand it. interviewer: uh-huh Ah with the uh, uh talking yesterday about the man with the mule and the {D: hod-too} 025: Yeah. interviewer: di- did he also makes those things that you carry water in? or did you buy them? 025: You mean the little kegs? interviewer: Pardon? 025: Some kind of little wooden kegs? interviewer: Yeah. 025: No, I don't guess he ever made them. interviewer: How about the things with handles on them that you'd a ah go to the down to the spring with? 025: Do what? interviewer: What you would go down to the spring to get water? or you 025: You'd use buckets you own. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Galvanized buckets Aluminum buckets now interviewer: uh-huh #1 But do you? # 025: #2 carry water # now, when used to people would leave little keg's made out of cedar interviewer: uh-huh 025: and kick the whiskey out of 'em and cider Some of 'em would use 'em There'd be a whole gallon on up, maybe five gallons Here's another way to carry water in They'd use 'em to put their whiskey in A lot of people made whiskey back them days. Boys I know when I was a boy made, much younger than me, fellas make cider and had one of them little things and we'd take a tunnels out and wanna get in this keg of cider interviewer: Okay. 025: and keep up with drunk it up and send somebody else after another came. interviewer: {NW} What was keg cider made of? 025: Eh apples. interviewer: Ah yeah 025: just off and work off and make you drunker than a kick of whiskey. interviewer: {NW} is that right? 025: That's the worst drunk you ever got on is cider drunk it was about {D: ketty-ing} interviewer: Is that right? 025: Yeah Where's the whiskey? interviewer: What'd they call bad whiskey? ah uh stuff that's uh 025: Well there's a lot of people you know just there's people that know how to make whiskey and there's people that didn't know how to make whiskey Amanda learned how to make whiskey make it out of corn and good whiskey interviewer: uh-huh 025: Take a man that didn't know how to make whiskey and tell him to make it right quick to dodge the law and just put anything in it. Pity it. Some of it is poison, it'll kill you interviewer: Yeah. 025: he's got a fellow over here he was He was raised here in valley and lived over in North Dakota in Hampton Hollow and the law went in there and got him and if you know they ever known anything about these old ain't worst of the spliced and he duck him two of these old biggies ain't worst dubs fashion 'em together somewhere or another and they I don't know where you've ever hear {D: dilload} or not but the Rollins, the Watkins niece gotten themselves lemon they call it the red lemon you know that stuff's strong as the dickens, it's you got to mix it with water it's good for a lot of things you know We used to use it for bad colds and it's good to doctor your horses with behind the gongs he's put mud in it interviewer: mm-hmm 025: He's put mack red lemon in it to make it hot interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And that's what you'd call that whiskey. And some of 'em will take their whiskey and scorch it They don't know how to make it you know? they don't know how to make it as well in a in a copper outfit. They let in get through hot and scorch it That'll make you sick interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And they'll put some of 'em used to put this ol' legal lye in 'em to make it bead it is {X} interviewer: They put lye? 025: Why? That's illegal {NW} It'll kill rats or anything else them {X} bound, you know. They'd do a lot of things They'd take three They have me have corn now that corn's sprouted ya know They'd take out the corn and put it in the sack and take it to the barns where your horses was and braid up the manure ah heat up the manure and sprout that corn in a few days ya know interviewer: uh-huh 025: And they'd take it to the mill and grind it. and that made the the whiskey work off the beer. They'd first make beer ya know and put that in it. And then they'd work that beer off ya know #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 025: whiskey. I never did see nothing made, I used to drink ice water whiskey but I never do. not about anything good or anything made I've seen a few stills {X} They stuck with 'em. jail out here. interviewer: Yeah. 025: But they made it all with their {D: s'country} interviewer: Did they have a name for the bad stuff though? I mean does Do they ever call it anything in particular? 025: Well I don't know, I guess they did. They'd call it white lightning and this other now nothing interviewer: Those are the kinds of words I was wondering about, if you can think of any other ones. 025: oh you know interviewer: I just want the words that people might use there's a ah expression that I heard ah eh splo, have you ever heard that? 025: uh-uh interviewer: Never heard splo? 025: uh-uh interviewer: I've heard that in Knoxville for the {X} {NW} in radiator 025: Well, there's different kinds of {D: Rockateau} They was good whiskey. you'd take the old timers that used to make whiskey They painted out a corn Now then they put sugar and everything else in it to make it run quick interviewer: mm-hmm 025: They's whiskey been made today in {X} but I don't know who is making it. That's the thing people don't say too much about. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: People will make whiskey are dangerous. If you turn them in Most of the trouble we used to have in here was one bootlegger fighting another. One of 'em would go along and make his whiskey and not sell it to minors and Just don't sell it to everyone that comes along. Some people shrewd enough to let them do that and ah {x} daddy he used to tell them not to big orchards up there and he'd make them apples up ya know and let them go independent and when they'd get to a certain stage and then make apple brandy. And now that was good. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: But he never would say that around. He was he was that big man that comes in places where {X} This fellow over here he'd let boys run the money he always seemed troubled Whenever you go and let minors have whiskey and them a getting drunk and getting yourself into trouble Law'll get you quick interviewer: Yeah 025: But one thing of these bootleggers They'd fight one another One of them would getting a little better than the other one but The law stuck pretty close on that There used to be dozens in here During World War one it was socked whiskey's made in {X} no briar's about it My granddad owned a lot of land apparent of course he never say nothing about it you know looked up those apples up there and the cattle and holes up there on the side of that mountain I'd raid better apples like on the mountains better apples and go there and do that interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And Ferris Lee I've known his land {X} making liquor Of course my granddad did nothing loved in it the hood and making it settlers that were living on his land was making port of it #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 025: Later because the buff whiskey run 'em later and now you could see where they were furnaces had been ya know interviewer: mm-hmm Did they ever have a place oh back around WWI where you would go off and you would put your money down and you would never see anybody and they'd put the 025: Well people would work that interviewer: Is there a name for a thing like that? 025: Now I don't know where there's a name for it now I had an ol' {X} drunk up all this land down through here interviewer: {NW} 025: Cascades and there's a fellow right back of that mountain over there made liquor and ah this old man he knew my uncle he had a whole lot of land he didn't have any children known hate, so what was made was made to him and his wife and then a third of it went back to the {D: Crowston Federation} interviewer: uh-huh 025: And he could sell it and make quick claim files for it you know as long as he lived. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: All this cascades down through here where you come in interviewer: Yeah true 025: You come to know he sold He drunk that all up of this farm of A-J King's right above it Plum on up until you get to this road turns off and a lot of that turns off a way that way. and but he drunk that all up down there interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And this old man had taken over and put it in holler tree. And then my uncle living over there put the mud {NS} {X} saying He'd put the money in that tree and he'd told that old tree knocks interviewer: {NW} 025: And then say they'd get down there and often Joe didn't have any whiskey and said go back now or Doug said he had plenty of it I said where did you get this so quick uncle Joe? and by god he said I got it at Knox interviewer: {NW} 025: Oh what tree? Knox interviewer: {NW} 025: He broke up a {X} through piece of portion of land now. interviewer: Is that right? 025: And there ain't any children you know. Just him and his wife and they used to He's just a drunk. But now he had good whiskey See they made good whiskey None of them made the best you know Mrs. Pearl they made the best whiskey And then there's Berry Latimore He still lives. He's old on {X}} He'd make good whiskey. There used to be a bunch of paddies over here that would make good whiskey. They called it corn whiskey. Them fellas from cage cool used to make good whiskey. Best place to get raw drunk come from Cage cousins. interviewer: What did it cost for a gallon? 025: Well different price than it used to, way back when you could get it four or five dollars a gallon I don't know what it is now. interviewer: {NW} 025: Just depends, some'll seller sell it to you cheaper than others. interviewer: #1 Basically # 025: #2 Get alright # gallons if you get if for two or three dollars. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Well and I don't know. interviewer: It's white and it isn't it has no color 025: It's white whiskey. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Moonshine. We called it. interviewer: yep. 025: Is there whiskey? I'd rather have it down the sheriff Mungun's whiskey. This bonded whiskey doesn't taste like whiskey. Tastes like some {D: drumass} to me. It's for 'em to make you drunk all right. You gon' get drunk. I'm wanting to get drunk I was drunk past dawn. interviewer: eh 025: But it ain't good. it ain't like our old whiskey I've come through Georgia one time down there and I went in there and I was surprised because I've never been whiskey store. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Me and my son went other there and I said ah I want to stop in down there. And I know to stare down through there and you know they look nobody. You never did see no card hanging around there. You said whiskey store never know crowd {X} How many of her got talking to that man {X} He talked to 'em and explained it and showed 'em what kind of whiskey was what. Now I said I am used to moonshine I said what have you got here that would be the next thing to moonshine. He said right here's some whiskey. It's made right here in Georgia. interviewer: okay 025: I bought two carts of it. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And it was, it was more like our moonshine. interviewer: Do you remember what it was called? 025: huh? interviewer: Do you re-you don't remember the name of it? 025: I don't worries about you know there's plenty all down through North Carolina you know and in Georgia there's whiskey stores every little ways. interviewer: {NW} 025: They'll be one off the that catches traffic going down and they'll be another on the other side to catch it coming up. interviewer: Was it white? the stuff. 025: It was white whiskey just just made in Georgia. Mine showed that it was made in a Georgia in a distillery in Georgia. Now It was now he says now this was the next thing to your moonshine whiskey. interviewer: {NW} 025: It won the heart {X} regular bonded colored whiskey. interviewer: {NW} 025: {NS} back in the old days everybody nearly made whiskey they used it for medicine you know You in {X} my grandpa said in the old days they would get drunk interviewer: uh-huh 025: They just made it for their own use. and drunk it. Thought it would help them when I guess it did. had to even bunker the horses with it when they took to calling and used it for snake bites, or anything. Whiskey good for anything back in them old days they used it for everything. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: {D: jemels want to run a nole} They take that whiskey and scorch it somewhere or another over the stove. Maybe that'll stop your bowels from running. Took a bad cold or the flu {D: or some perdenintal flu} and it just had bad colds and the grip {NW} interviewer: mm-hmm 025: I didn't drink whiskey for that and then claim them the cure. I haven't been to been I don't know, I used to take a lot of it. I'd call the {D: cheb} Take a cold I'd call {D: Polack}. I'd go out here and jade would give me some {NW} had to buy any. I had a politician out there that I would stood behind He'd give me a long court every once in a while of whiskey and I'd take it and get a box of rock candy and put it in that you know not your best couple to smell after ten interviewer: Is that {NW} 025: If it'd do more for you I'd get medicine once time a year as building this road and I reckon the dust done it. resolve myself today. And I went to different doctors I found out last year the doctor that {X} you're allergic to something out here. He said this I said what would it be and He said it could be different things. He said that could've he mentioned dust and I said that's what it is I said that air's coming right out of the West and I said you could write your name with your finger on them chairs and on the wall out there. And I stayed that way and colt I have set up the night. I mean just getting to bed and sit up and sleep and afraid to lay down I'm gonna cough and when it went to raining and stop that dust I'd end up alright. never have I been bothered with it anymore. I had a harsh stack of colds you know. interviewer: How much eh how much rock candy did you put in the fort? 025: oh well there's just a few ounces little box about so long you know interviewer: And that would stop the coughing now? 025: All heading every morning and got the medicine I got the syrups and different kinds and even go to the store and get their syrups, and they just didn't have the benefit but that rock candy would help me. interviewer: Did you ever make that preparation? uh with uh {D: seefer} horses? 025: uh-huh interviewer: Did you ever see them do that for horses? 025: What? interviewer: Uh, use whiskey for #1 horses? # 025: #2 huh? # I heard talk about pouring whiskey in the horse and {X} you know horses take colic from eating too much #1 go work # interviewer: #2 what's the feed? # 025: They'll pour it in the well at the bottom and now a horse is a mean thing to drain {X} drinks cow but horses, I've drenched them it's a hard thing to do. got to get up on the fence or up and away get in a van or a car or something where you can get up and get that horse strangle you to death you know get his head up way up yonder you know and get somebody to hold it there and pour it in out of a long cork bottle man its danger interviewer: uh-huh 025: throw he's all about that bottleneck often for that glass interviewer: yeah 025: but that's all you can use. They're so long-necked. interviewer: #1 Yeah, sure # 025: #2 bottle # I got to taking in I got me some long corked bottles {X} and put a cut a piece of bicycle tube off and interviewer: Yeah that's a good idea. 025: And the put 'em in so much danger interviewer: Alright. 025: but I've used that just on a bottleneck cows you know something to get them every lamb interviewer: uh-huh 025: Help to pull something out. interviewer: you pull a whole court down? 025: Yeah interviewer: and that's called drenching? 025: Well I don't have much whiskey now I don't remember now I never did pour a whiskey in my {D: pearden} tell 'em that {D: pellars that pellars that} tell 'em that poor horse interviewer: Forcing fluids into an animal like that whatever it is, is called drenching #1 I never heard that, you taught me something I'll say it # 025: #2 I have {X} # There's things you can't drench I had some holes one time that got closed on a couple acres down here interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and I didn't want to know about it son of knocked I got to commit but this fellas been working here for me you know and have lived here for twenty years or more with me and he's an awful doctor, Dr. Hall or something I forget what it was now but a poured animal wasn't that many that he poured stuff in They'd die interviewer: mm-hmm 025: so I got the bat and he can wear it on Sunday evenings He got the hunting to see what it was and I found out what it was It was cocoa butter. {X} and he said don't never drench a hog he said, or a dog He said if you drench a hog or a dog He said, you'll strangle them to death every time. So don't never do that and I said I got them hogs out he said get them out of this life. that old sound rude to that get on him and out in the summer and then it would come a-raining these cockabirds would just come up the devil I didn't even know you could poison them I'd heard that but he said you had to have a cockabird to poison interviewer: mm-hmm 025: {X} to do for them hogs He said you can do it just as good as I can I said you get you some Epsom salts and said take a big spoon and he said you can get duck mouth, hog's mouth open and said you take that big spoon and stick it back in there and I guess where you can stick it and then turn the spoon over. He said they won't put in back interviewer: mm-hmm 025: He said that works on their kidneys and he said that's the only way you can get that poison out of 'em I kept 'em out there in the barn for two or three days and they finally got they can get up. but when I'd pull that I'd give them that two or three times a day and they'd just lay their you know piss and just {X} I was working all their kidneys interviewer: sure. 025: to get the poison out of them that's what he said to do only way you could do it was through their kidneys interviewer: Sure. That makes sense. uh when you feed the hog what did you uh um you had an you had an old bucket that had got kinda black on the bottom and what might and uh you might use that to feed the hogs? 025: Well I'd be all your slop buckets you know I guess the best thing you can do is get these here five young paint cans and then maybe {X} to all carry a whole lot in and then you had troughs you know and you could make troughs and you make 'em like that you know and they stop at both ends pour that slop in then interviewer: uh-huh 025: and then troughs you could make your slop people would get bran and this tankage and other stuff and mix it all up together you know and let it sour {NS} make slop fertile interviewer: What is a tankage? uh uh they uh What was the is was now you mentioned it in all farms dis they have a consistency? was it more of a liquid? Or was it? Was it all? 025: It was them interviewer: Them? 025: It was made out of bone. Somethings like that and just a few stuff from the packing house. for it wouldn't much for new stuff I wouldn't ever one time tuck some bottles in there Negra out there running them in the shoe I was helping him when I said what are you doing with the waste on Mary's heart she said "What?" and I said, "What are you doing waste?" I said, "We have to make way of the cats and all hair and all that cat He's been keeping me so {D: daint} so nothing's lost chair He said there ain't nothing lost but the {X} on the trying to save it interviewer: {NW} 025: It's what that had her into something you know {NS} and prove his lamb and island dock or those That told me this is sacks He lived down there. To this this cattle got to by And this fellow's cattle got to die And he said {X} said he couldn't find one another way and said there's one dead and said because he loped them and see what was the matter with it and it was eating that hog hair interviewer: Oh 025: Kill 'em and stop in this kill 'em interviewer: uh-huh 025: And he just went and got it to truck logs you know and thought it would you know richen his land interviewer: uh-huh 025: killed his hogs. interviewer: I see, yeah. 025: and cattle, killed his cattle interviewer: to top it all off 025: yeah my hair up in here's stuck interviewer: What kind of things do you uh did ya uh you have for uh um for cooking? what kinds of uh utensils and pots and pans and things? 025: Ah skillet, iron skillets. big ol' kettles that would hold a gallon or two. interviewer: How those things are 025: lay it on them. and place them in the kitchen and around the fireplace slide a rod across there. hide them kettles fitting ham there on the hook and hang them right over the fire. if we didn't want to cook 'em on the stove just cook 'em over there with the fire in these big ol' iron kettles ain't some like sure he is interviewer: uh did ah did you ah something like ah uh something like a skillet with uh legs on it that you put in down in the fireplace? 025: the oven? I mean the oven that's what people would cut and put there and put that on the coals you know and that porch right there had four legs on it and ah I don't have to go over it people would bake their potatoes anything more than doing that it just would just sit here over the coals interviewer: Did it have a handle on it too? 025: It had little handles like a washer kettle you know stick your fingers in {D:} tongues they had tongues you know you didn't have to take your finger they had tongues that just plug in there you know and got them in there where you wanted to and then the lid it had a handle on the top of it you got take a rag or something and take that up interviewer: Did you call that bar in the fireplace anything? 025: I don't know what to call it but all of this one they made and there used to be one in yonder that and there's one in their that and the kitchen we tore down and had it up our furnace you know we could just hook these kettles on that and cook your beans or whatever you want to of course most people use their side cook stove a lot of people thought that bread baked in this oven down here on the farm was a lot better than it was made in the stove and I guess it was people just have their ways you know interviewer: How about those great big things you use when you're slaughtering hogs? 025: Well, they're eh steel barrels make sixty gallon wooden barrels. settle in then you know and you can put a hog in there and put some blank out here and back it up against something heat your water in a big horse kettle {NS} pour it in that there and get them to certain people that know how tell 'em just how hot to get it if you got it too hot the higher satin and come on it'll get it hot enough you just know how to get it hot. interviewer: Yeah. 025: You can stick them hogs in there and turn 'em over if you times and then change them and stick the other end in there a few times interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and ah you just pull up and take a look or nothing and just scrape that hair off interviewer: I see. That was boiling that, using that hot water, that was just for uh, just to take the hair off? 025: Yeah that was all My dad These fellows here they got to killing hogs for the public in the last few years. and uh people quit killing their own hogs and would just take 'em to them. They would do it so much quicker and much easier and they didn't charge you. They'd come and kill your hogs and take 'em over there and dress 'em and cut them up and bring them back for five dollars. You couldn't get help in to do that you know. And they had something like a bathtub only a whole lot bigger a bathtub or something just like a bathtub only like it was a big ol' arm trunk interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and then they'd put the hogs in that They had the thermometer They could tell just the point of heat to get the hogs They'd kill them's clean most the time's random interviewer: Um did you um ah when you saw a rogue hog would you shoot 'em? 025: yeah, sometimes if you had a gun, if you didn't have a gun you took a ax or a steak hammer or something and knock 'em in the head, all shop, and a lot of times that would join the shooters and go play on the end of their shows They'd take long range man short-rangers of course we go into their shows everybody made the show a real big saucy jam {X} interviewer: The only duty is to slaughter a hog about once a year? or it was more than that? 025: Well in the family we used to could slaughter them in the summer time but {X} we knew all the slaughter through the following year November and December are the best years to slaughter hogs and a lot of times people are out some while I'm out and {D: destin} colds get a few cold nights on me it wouldn't spoil. And sometimes we'd have some awful cold weather in March and we'd always have us one or two to make sausage out of it ya know. Then there's a spring in the air. maybe more Then I'd keep hogs and kill them all until the summer and take them to these here supermarkets, of course they had places to put them you know interviewer: Did had you make anything other than uh, you said you mentioned sausage did you ah did you ever make anything uh with uh uh uh grinding up the meat from the head of the hog? 025: uh sounds meat That's good. #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 how was that # 025: hat grind it all up there and run it through something and then the sausage melts grind it up and that is good I kept thy hap it's real good killing hogs they just send it down here and the grocery stores buy it but it wasn't as good as they used to buy it interviewer: Did you make anything with the liver? of the hog 025: we eat the liver interviewer: Pardon? 025: Most people eat the liver. interviewer: Do they ever grind it up? and make a kind of sausage? 025: There are people who would, crank it you, i think so {X} I don't know what it was {X} or something. interviewer: Did anybody ever? 025: it was good it was good eating It had a lot of iron in it. interviewer: Liver loaf? how was that prepared do you know? 025: I don't know someone else could tell you I don't know enough about what that interviewer: Did you ever ah Did anybody around ever make anything with the blood from the animals? 025: toss the blood interviewer: uh...what? 025: lost the blood interviewer: yeah 025: Shoot a hog and then you stuck in right in the throat. wicker nap went down between his front legs and {NW} and that was it. Hog didn't bleed good did the blood on a big side of it interviewer: uh-huh There were never any people around in the neighborhood or around who um ah who ah used the blood right? 025: no, I don't hear nothing about that interviewer: Where there any German ah Germans in this area? 025: Yeah there's some farming Germans here. out here on the late and the they've property here in Nevada There's a man that lived there that came from Michigan or somewhere him and his boy, his grandson works for him up here They're doing a little {D: demib} over here that's the friends section and ah His wife's a full German but the man's an American I reckon he got here over there and then he work a whole 'nother star interviewer: none of the old settlers though? 025: Oh no German blood {X} interviewer: Mostly Scotts, Irish? 025: huh? interviewer: Mostly Scott-Irish? 025: ah-huh yes different things like that. but there's no German, natural born German. interviewer: No I didn't mean, I just meant you know there ah 025: That's the only German I know of The woman. I knew she's got a sister that out across the mountain down Lowell's creek somebody like that, they're German I reckon one of them {X} is in the army got 'em. Some of 'em come back with Japs and one boy down here that subs her rear without a full blood Jap I'm married I learn England I'm My wife's got a nephew married to a girl in England he brung 'em back here Don't reckon any of them ever bring any niggers back with 'em but this one of them hadn't {NW} interviewer: um they um you talked about that that uh oven that was used did they ever use that for making bread? 025: Yeah interviewer: Is that not what different kinds of bread did ah uh your mother used to make or your wife make? 025: uh Big bread, cornbread interviewer: Ah was there um was the um ah ah how was the corn bread prepared? 025: make it and put it in the you got a big oven here on for cooking a ramp you didn't just put it in the pan any size pan you wanted and put it in the stove take a cat a corner meal and see if they of course now they you know sift in me let's roll and through the mills you know from the old corn mill you had to sift it interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Just make it up make the pans out of it and cut it up any way you wanted to interviewer: Ever made like two kind of 025: loafs you call them or something? yeah I've seen my grandmother do that more often now though we don't cook much bread now, don't like we used to me and her she was just making a small pan and I could pop in or something, I can interviewer: I just wanted 025: you stay when you had work and you just take a big ol' pan you know like to make light of it I used to have a lot of farming and feeing a lot of men some of them something could eat Take a big pan with all of that bread maybe two of them interviewer: ah-huh When when they made it like in these uh in these loaves I wonder if they called them anything other than loaves. 025: I don't reckon they just cornbread interviewer: How about pones? 025: I heard 'em called that and the first light bread I ever hear called pones is light bread interviewer: alright. 025: First have right here there you know and that was the first white bread we ever got you know it was never sliced or nothing like that, people used to make their own white bread women made better bread giving back than this snow hell get yeast you know at the store some where or another and make that bread rise and i made a lot of them First bread that we ever bought you know was soft interviewer: What would you call that brad as opposed to uh you would call that home-made bread what what would you call that you'd call that instead of home-made bread? 025: What? interviewer: The bread that you got in the store? 025: ah, some people called it bum bread and some called it one thing or another and some called it loaf bread interviewer: say bum bread? 025: bum, I hear it called bum bread interviewer: {NW} 025: when it cold when you got it yeah interviewer: {NW} That good, I never heard that before. 025: "people you story and you in have it" people may even go out or somewhere else and find some of that interviewer: Sure. 025: I don't know I hear them call it different things bump bum bread. I don't know what they wore they got the bum of the bum bread. interviewer: Did ah was there was any uh other kind of uh corn maybe just something made with corn meal, salt and water? 025: Yeah people used to make mush that way. I don't do you? people used to help make hominy They'd take this uh corn meal and grind it right coarse you know and make hominy it was good and on the other way they used to take the old corn kernels and they'd take and ah you'd lie or something and another to cut that ah husk it was awful you had to take that hickory thorn {X} grain interviewer: uh-huh 025: They make {D: kapaloptic} bows yeah {D: goven} hail like it's good just like gloven by you need hominy lotion interviewer: Sure. 025: Playing safe with the mild interviewer: Do you call it the same thing if it's ground up? The uh the uh #1 hominy? # 025: #2 {X} # There's all hominy That and and the and the kernel is hominy but they grind it right coarse you know and that is hominy, that is that was good. interviewer: Yeah. 025: You know they call it grits now it's the same stuff that you buy for grits. We buy it and get grits interviewer: said to call that hominy though? until you 025: We called it hominy interviewer: Oh, they're all hominy? 025: Yeah. Kids glad we had no watermelon there and not the old watermelon people would come in there anymore and then {D: Ecker} had a bushel ground in the hominy. interviewer: eh ah Did you mother ever make ah or your your grandma or ever make any kind of uh of uh ah any kind of cornbread that ah she would before she would make ah she would make it before the fire may or put in or put it in the ashes of the fire? Wrap up a piece of cloth around it? 025: Um, do our {D: stakers} that way. interviewer: What's that? 025: I've seen 'em do our {D: stakers} that a-way. interviewer: Alright 025: I don't know that I've ever seen 'em do bread I remember hearing 'em My granddad and them talk about sometimes Red and olden might tell you what that is They called in snow bread or something. But they've never done much exact to the lab His mother can make it. He never did get much success out of that Maybe she can tell you about how that ah snow bread was made. Some way they put snow on it so interviewer: Snow bread? 025: Called it snow bread. interviewer: Was that made with cornmeal? 025: Yeah. But I don't know how it was done. Now interviewer: I'll ask about that. 025: His mother. interviewer: Huh? 025: I guess my granddad's mother used to make it that-a-way. and now used to they would put our standards on sweet potatoes. That'd never cover 'em up but with anything. They just put 'em in the pot and roast them. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: It's a matter if a lot of people caught that-a-way. Take sweet potatoes and cover 'em up in hot ashes. interviewer: Yeah. 025: and peel it interviewer: Did they ever take some corn meal and kind of roll it up in a ball and then and and boil it with greens? 025: I don't know if ever I've seen that, no. Captain now you getting on to the cooking and I don't know much about it. interviewer: Did you have anything you called corn dodgers? 025: Well, yeah. but a corn dodger was just just like used to, people called all kinds of cornbread corn dodgers, interviewer: I see. How about a big piece and you take the skillet and just cover that whole skillet with it an make it about with corn meal batter about that big and make it about oh 025: I guess that's what they called a corn dodger. I heard of corn dodger all my life. It's just a dodger of cornbread. That's that's pretty common you know. People talk about corn dodger. interviewer: Ah-huh. 025: everybody knows what a corn dodger is You don't have to say bread. It's a corn dodger. interviewer: How about something that day to day skillet did they ever call it a hoe cake? 025: Yeah. interviewer: Was that something done? 025: I don't know just what I think hoecake's made out of, cornmeal I assume. I hear about hoecake and I think that's just I think that that was just cornmeal you know. I don't know whether there was any difference between that corn cake and what's something else in it Said they called it hoecake instead of cornbread and it was all about the same bun interviewer: And never wrote what the cornmeal and a little um it had kind of little balls and fry it with fish? 025: Yeah. I don't know what that was called. My wife still fries a whole lot of cornbread and it's you know just me and her interviewer: uh-huh 025: She'll make it out in little cakes and it seems like it's a whole lot better than just the regular I don't know how she does that bread off again. interviewer: I see. 025: I used to make uh little pans you still you have western sale property'll serve 'em to you interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and ah greased here or something and uh these little pans in the whole maybe it does you all big cat and they call them corn muffins but I don't know the difference between corn muffins and cornbread they there was a difference They were just better than corn had pans and the little place where you had them you just put them in you know interviewer: How's that going to hush have you ever heard of those things called hushpuppies? 025: Well I heard them hushpuppies but I don't really know how they are made. Interviewer: The um uh you said the snow bread? Now what did that look like? 025: I don't know. Interviewer: You don't remember? 025: No. Interviewer: Oh. 025: {D: My wife can tell you I don't think that I like when come here} {D: My grandpa want some of it} made and they tried to make it but don't think they had any success. Interviewer: I see. 025: #1 I just # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: don't know. But now I can tell you another thing that was awful good. Interviewer: Okay. 025: They uh {NW} {D: used to they} kill hogs you know. And there was a little ol' lady {NS} lived over here and she'd always come and she'd take certain parts of them hogs guts. {X} We called 'em we called 'em internals now, hog guts. #1 She'd take # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: certain lumps of them {NS} She'd cull 'em clean 'em out turn 'em wrong side out. And that little thing {D: is yours yet at some point or another and there's thing} set a plunger in there you know sort of like the old grease guns. Interviewer: {D: Got it.} 025: And it had a spout on it and fit them guts right over that spout and they'd stuff them full and they'd be about the size of {D: big lanish.} Interviewer: Okay. 025: And then {D: ofs} that kitchen part wasn't sealed. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 And # then uh stir {D: right up where that} #1 stove is. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: And take 'em up there round hang 'em up round that fireplace and kill one of 'em. Well that's the best stuff ever I eat I'd give anything to have some of 'em yet. Oh they was something good. Interviewer: {NW} #1 Like was like? # 025: #2 That one # ol' woman was the only person around here that I ever known could do that. Interviewer: Right. It was like a sausage yeah? #1 {X} # 025: #2 No that's not {D: head of} # sausage {D: put in them guts you know.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: #1 We call 'em # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: guts they called them {X} Interviewer: All right. 025: Us mountain people know them as guts Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 you know. # Interviewer: Did anybody ever just eat the uh the the guts #1 itself? # 025: #2 No # they'd throw the guts in the {D: lotch the lotch} was the lungs I reckon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: They pick and throw them away give 'em to the dogs. Lot of people wouldn't eat the heads and the feet but I always liked the head better. I'd buy a head from somebody every fall. Got one this year. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Give five dollars. # 025: for hogs and I like {X} Interviewer: Right. Uh the uh the ah ah did the anybody ever eat the the the stomach of the either the cow or of a hog or a #1 or a sheep? # 025: #2 No you # see I don't know whether you know anything about killing hogs or not but the gut the punch is always full of corn you know whatever you fed your hog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {D: Feed 'em with corn} they just took that out {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 chickens # or something to eat but they never did save that stuff. Interviewer: Would you call it a punch also in a in a in a in a cow? 025: Yeah in a punch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm or in a sheep? 025: In all I reckon all animals that would be the punch. Interviewer: People in north Georgia eat that. They call it punch they they it's #1 {X} # 025: #2 {NW} # you take uh you take in these packing houses they fix that up place to call 'em guts internals internals or Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 something and # they say the niggers just goes crazy about 'em. Interviewer: They call 'em they call 'em chitlins. 025: Chitlins. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # 025: #2 Chitlins. # Interviewer: Right. 025: I've heared that I never did see none of 'em. I guess it'd be good. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 There's # this thing's the rest of it #1 if they're # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: washed and cleaned. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And I don't know why niggers likes 'em better than white people. I guess white people likes 'em didn't get used to eating 'em I never did eat #1 any of 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # I just wondered how widespread that uh uh that was. #1 Now there's # 025: #2 We just # throwed them away and let the dogs eat 'em up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now the uh the oth- other kind of meat the uh the what do you call the meat on a on a when you're when you're s- when a hog's been dressed you take that that the the meat between the shoulders and the ham that? 025: That's the middling. Interviewer: Okay now uh that whole thing is the middling? 025: Between the shoulders? Interviewer: Yeah. 025: And the ham? Interviewer: Yeah. 025: The hind part's the ham. Interviewer: #1 Right but that the part # 025: #2 {X} # shoulder. Interviewer: #1 And the part that's in the middle? # 025: #2 {X} # middle is the middling. Interviewer: Okay now how does the middling differ from bacon? That's? 025: That's just bacon. Interviewer: It's the same thing? 025: Bacon. Interviewer: I see um the um uh in a in a a piece of bacon like that what might you call it anything else? 025: No just side of bacon people hang them up and let 'em {D: dry out.} After they salt 'em and first salt 'em salt them down after they got the stuck the salt {X} spring and take 'em out and wash 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Have places to hang 'em have houses to hang 'em in hang 'em up {D: by the end they hung 'em along the pieces.} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {X} Interviewer: #1 What uh the # 025: #2 {X} # the way people doing that most the people used all the trimmings. Some we used to make the whole shoulder into sausage. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 And # trim the hams and now there's a piece the best part of the hog {D: the softest} part of the hog is the meat along the back bone. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 They # trimmed them back bones and that sticks to the upper part of the {D: those} middling and it's called tenderloin. Now that's something good it's better than ham but there ain't {C: background noise} too much of it cause it's a big hog. There's a whole lot of it you know. Interviewer: Right. 025: And uh that's expensive that is tenderloins but now we know let's take that eat that Interviewer: Yeah. 025: and then the trim the hams all the little part of the middling #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: go in the sausage #1 and all the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: trimming you see there'd be a lot of trimmings on one ham. Interviewer: Sure. 025: And make that all into sausage {D: but I mean} our folks used to use the whole shoulders. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 We didn't # in the last year because there wasn't so many to feed {D: could happen to many were who came.} Them days you had to have meat for them old timers. They had to have meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: They couldn't eat without it. Interviewer: Sure. 025: I don't know what to do with if they's living #1 now uh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} With the cost of things #1 today sure. # 025: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: How bout say just the some uh different kinds of of salt uh salted pork that you you might have uh uh might be used in cooking or has varying degrees of #1 fat. # 025: #2 Well # {D: now you take that's what that middling meat it for} people to take that you know and they cook these green beans cut that up put it in there. {X} Put that #1 middling # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: {D: that there is the other side.} They call that's that's what you call streaked meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But it's just bacon that's where the bacon comes from. I don't know where the packing alley gets their bacon but they have to get it there. It's the only place they could get it. Interviewer: Now how about the kind that has practically no lean meat in it at all? 025: Well there wouldn't be too much of that. People didn't kill those they had to be a pretty fat hog you know? The bigger a hog was the more lean the one more streaks #1 {D: there was.} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: All all middlings had some streaks. The lower end of the belly downward coming under now that was thin. That wasn't streaked but that'd all trimmed off and made into sausage. Interviewer: Didn't eat that at all? 025: Well that was made into salt. #1 Well you see # Interviewer: #2 {D: Yeah like you said.} # 025: the head'd be cut off just back between that and the shoulders. {D: well there's some} meat on that head. Well that'd be cut off you know cut out and that'd be went into the sausage. All everything that wasn't ham shoulder. Them shoulders had to be trimmed. Them hams had to be trimmed. And then the whole thing had to be trimmed then or you know well you'd have a whole lotta sausage out of a big hog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Uh they ever ate any meat they called either fatback or sowbelly? 025: Well that's all the same. The sowbelly's down under the bottom Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 where I'm # telling you about. #1 Sometimes in # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: old sows you'd have the ticks on there #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: And what was it you called the others? Sowbelly and #1 the? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Fatback. 025: Well now the fatback was just the middling. And of course up at the top of the middling it was thick stuff next to the back bone it was thicker sometimes it'd be maybe four inches or some big middling be four, five inches thick. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 And the # further down it got it thinner #1 it got. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: And the best streaked part was up here in the big part of the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: of the middling. Interviewer: Uh when you cured bacon uh and before you started to slice it uh you have to cut off that crust. 025: No that there was all that uh that middling was trimmed before it was ever put up. When it was salted down you could put a layer of salt and then you can leave 'em in there. You can pack 'em up there as high as you wanted to. And they was already ready. #1 Then in # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: the spring of the year if you didn't do something the worms might be getting at 'em. Well you take 'em out and wash 'em and put some kind of solution on 'em. borax or something another you know and then hang 'em in the smoke #1 house. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: And then you can just go and cut off {D: the ham of} middling as you wanted to. Interviewer: When when you cut it off to eat it didn't you have to trim off part of that edge? 025: Well now there was the skin part now #1 that's what # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: you're talking Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 about. # Interviewer: That's right. 025: People didn't cook that. They'd just take a s- uh uh sharp butcher knife you know and skin that out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: A woman could cut that awful thin, might get no meat {D: much of that's skin.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But them skins then a lot of that uh whenever you made your sausage that skin was took off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And they'd take that and uh make uh pick up and then take them and well heat 'em you know and get the lard Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 Outta # them there skins. Then that skin is good a lotta people like to eat 'em you know that's brickle. Interviewer: Uh-huh call it #1 brickle? # 025: #2 That'll yeah # now that was down where you'd take off and get that you know you wasn't gonna put that skin in your #1 sausage. That all # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: had to be cleaned down you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But the middlings and the hams and what you save still had the skin on 'em you couldn't take that off Interviewer: Right. 025: where you kept it and dried #1 it. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # You call that brickle? 025: {D: Well} that that that them stuff's good and then this stuff that come out of the lard {D: leave it under that lard out in the big porch giving you know.} Well that's {X} you know and they'd call them cracklins. And then take them and take some nutmeg cracklin bread and that was the best bread you'd ever eat. I still buy them cracklins at the store once in a while. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Make crackling bread. {D: Now there was a whole lot better that cook} just mix that all up with the corn breads. Interviewer: #1 All right. # 025: #2 And it # was good. Interviewer: I see. 025: There wasn't no {X} about the hogs in the country. Interviewer: If if meat wasn't uh uh cured or uh or cooked soon enough uh and eh and you couldn't eat it you might say it uh? You mentioned before when you talked about those sows and boars that the the meat was strong but how bout meat that was uh turning? 025: {D: The what?} Interviewer: You know it was getting bad. 025: Well you had to watch that you know if you'd put enough salt on meat {D: and it still rotted} never would go bad but a lot of times if you didn't salt it down your hams would people kept their hams you know and there's uh in that {D: yard there} first thing you knowed your meat might damage in there. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 And we've # lost 'em that way. and uh I used to sell a lot of ham. And a man that buys ham and a man that knows ham and takes something like a icepick and stick it down in there and smell of it and if it's spoiled it'll show it on that pick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: On an icepick or anything else #1 sharp. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 025: {X} Interviewer: And uh 025: It's right in the joint and bones where it starts to spoil. Interviewer: I see yeah now if if what you're speaking of of of butter would you say the same thing with butter that it's it butter when butter begins to? 025: Oh butter won't it'll just get old, #1 strong # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: get old and #1 strong # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: #1 not like that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: spoiled it just get old and strong. Interviewer: You never #1 {X} # 025: #2 Now meat'll # spoil. Interviewer: #1 I see # 025: #2 And then # we have had the rats eat into the heart of a ham. We used to in our later years we got to sugar curing that meat take brown sugar you know and one thing and then and wrap it here and in wrap it up into paper and then more paper and {NW} and then put it in the white sack and hang it up. #1 That was # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: a whole lot better than the old way of doing it. That's the best curing you could we ever got a hold of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And uh sometimes you wouldn't have several of them hanging in there. Maybe a dozen of them you wouldn't notice it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {D: And we have went in there and get a hams and} a rat had been in there and ruined the whole ham you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And a lot of times if they don't take salt good don't take that it'll spoil. You hear of a lot of people losing a ham of meat. Interviewer: Mm. 025: Course a ham of meat a big loss now wasn't too bad a loss then. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 025: #2 Still # got twenty-five or thirty cents a pound for it. {C: background noise} And I finally got to getting a dollar a pound. {X} Interviewer: What about milk when it starts to turn? 025: The what? Interviewer: Milk. 025: What about #1 it? # Interviewer: #2 When # when milk begins to to get um uh well first it gets uh gets when it starts to get thick. 025: Well is you talking about churning milk or just ordering a sweet milk? Interviewer: Well uh the milk that the thick sour milk #1 that you might. # 025: #2 Well the # milk that you churn that's the cream that rises on it but you're talking about {X} Uh it'll blink if you don't keep it cool in certain storage it'll blink and you just you can't stand it you just Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: can't eat it. But the churn and then that buttermilk well when they use that buttermilk you know and that bread Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Good to drink too. Interviewer: #1 Now # 025: #2 I'd still # like to buy a quarter half a gallon of buttermilk once in a while to drink. Interviewer: Well how bout that thick sour milk that you keep on hand and that gets thick and sometimes #1 {X} # 025: #2 Now that's # where the butter come out of. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: And you see you strain the butter then the cream comes to the top of the #1 jar. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: And then you save that cream and and churn it. And then you get the butter and then once you left the milk isn't buttermilk it's a sour milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {D: It has to grudge you know.} Interviewer: Okay now what do you do with it when it {D: crusts}? 025: Well it's just it's just use it to make bread and stuff out of. People used to {D: up and then now they'd} feed it to the hogs #1 or something. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Uh-huh. 025: {X} to put that kind of stuff #1 but the most # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: of the buttermilk was uh we used to have a lot of cows and a lot of milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Now a lot of times more than {D: we could even be the one} wasn't no sale for it just have to give it away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Give families that didn't have a cow a lot of the time. {X} {D: I'd just help you out on your hogs they didn't get that quick on milk.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now the the people uh people didn't did uh did did the people ever eat the cruds? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Did people ever eat the cruds? 025: Cruds? Interviewer: Eat the cruds yeah. 025: No I don't think so that'd just get cruddy. Interviewer: #1 Uh yeah. # 025: #2 You know {X} # Interviewer: Yeah. 025: Run. #1 together kind of. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # #1 Well I'm thinking about your # 025: #2 Hog stuff. # Interviewer: Is that now is that the same thing clabber? 025: Yes clabbered milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh but nobody n- nobody uh used #1 clabber milk? # 025: #2 Well they # make cheese out of it. #1 Make # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: cottage cheese out of that now. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # 025: #2 That's what you got that's what. # Interviewer: Now what's the difference between the the cruds wouldn't be the same thing as cottage cheese? 025: Well you make it out of cottage cheese you take that crudded milk and I don't know what you do to it my wife makes some. {NW} When we have milk had milk. It makes awfully good cheese {D: because I don't know just how we do it with all of it.} Then that uh stuff that comes out of there that milk that makes awful good hog feed and then what's left in there the cheese she can tell you how to do that I #1 don't # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: know. But I know it's awful good and I know that's the kind of #1 stuff they # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: made it out of, that butter milk after crud. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear that called smearcase? 025: Have uh #1 called what? # Interviewer: #2 S- smearcase. # 025: uh-uh. Interviewer: Or uh did but uh when you had e- uh when you had a lot of that if you had more than you you needed you'd you'd say you'd feed it to the uh? 025: The hogs. Interviewer: Feed it to the hogs. #1 Uh. # 025: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Um uh what was the the uh the utensils that you used for eating were they any different when you were small? 025: #1 What? # Interviewer: #2 Or? # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh the things you'd use at the table you have a plate and then the things you'd use in your hand. 025: Knives and forks or what you talking #1 about? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah that's # right that's just what I mean and then the thing for soup would be a? 025: Spoon Interviewer: Yeah now were they any different than from the kind you use today? 025: No they're all just about the same. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Knives and forks and spoons. Interviewer: And then uh 025: #1 I use a # Interviewer: #2 uh. # 025: spoon yet to eat with more than I do a knife and fork. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 {X} # Beans and something like that I don't know I just get used to it #1 still # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: use a spoon. Interviewer: Sure. 025: I wouldn't do that I guess if I went anywhere. We don't never go nowhere to eat. But I just eat like {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh sure sure. # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} 025: But he'd rather use a spoon a lot of times than a fork. Interviewer: Whatever comes handy yeah? 025: #1 Yeah yeah you just # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: get used to these things you know it's hard to get out of your system. Interviewer: All right. Uh. 025: It's awful hard to get the raising out of you. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 You # know that. Interviewer: Sure. Certainly. Uh my wife keeps telling me. #1 {NW} # 025: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {NW} Uh it what in uh uh washing dishes uh when the to uh to get the the soapy water off say she has to uh hold the the the soapy dish under clear water. 025: I reckon but you know used to people made their own soap. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Make it out of lye. Ashes and lye. Make their own soap. Oh it'd sure would clean stuff. {D: Things have let} a long ways people them days you know they had to well we'd get a old woman to wash for us only after our children was born. Interviewer: Right. 025: Way back yonder they'd get great big {D: gloss long} blocks you know. We'd call 'em battling blocks. Then lay the clothes on that and take a big paddle and beat 'em out. Then later on we got the washboards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Then later on we got the washing machine. Now then we've got the washer and the dryer. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh battling is is that a battling stick looks 025: #1 sorta like # Interviewer: #2 No not a # 025: battling stick just a big ol' paddle Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: thing. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: Lay it on that clean block you know #1 and just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: give it a beating. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But you get the soap out of something you have to put it in clear #1 water. # 025: #2 Yeah. # Yeah you have to now we wash on the washing machine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And we've got to run two big tubs of cold water over here you #1 know to rinse # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: them clothes after they go through the ringer. Interviewer: #1 What are you doing to them? # 025: #2 Waiting on the dryer. # dryer. Interviewer: Yeah. After you run them through the ringer you have to do what? 025: How you see {D: you won't} put 'em in here and #1 put # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: your wash powders and stuff in here and then you turn your electricity on, let that warm water in. Get that warm water and then after they clothes is clean clean enough well you run 'em through that ringer {D: then out back that way} we've got two wash tubs that sets there you know with clear water cold water. Put 'em into that. And then they have to be rinsed again you know #1 through the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: dryer again. and then hung on the clothesline or somewhere to dry. Interviewer: What do you call a piece of the uh the rag or cloth that you use for for uh uh getting the food off the dishes? 025: That's a dishrag. {NW} Interviewer: And the kind of thing to dry the dishes? {NW} That's what you use you know you'd use a a dishrag or some kind of clean something. Mm-hmm. 025: Dry these dishes with 'em {D: they ain't gonna do it aren't gonna wash no dishes.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Now # 025: #2 If # you just take a clean cloth you'll have a dishrag. I guess that was to wash 'em with you know #1 a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: cleaner a cleaner rag to dry 'em with you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Something like a clean towel or clean something people used to used to {X} get our meal and flour and stuff in cloth bags you know. Sometimes anywhere from twenty-five to a hundred. Seems like that's what women used to make their dishrags and things out of. Interviewer: What they call uh call the ones made of paper around here? #1 Bag? # 025: #2 That # I don't know. They call them napkins reckon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now these uh I mean you talking about bags uh the #1 uh. # 025: #2 Talking # about what? Interviewer: Bags. 025: Oh. Interviewer: Uh the um the kind that say go to the store and #1 get? # 025: #2 Oh # {D: that won't be bad} call 'em bags some people call them pokes and things bags is the proper name I hear no {D: man 'til he had a boy.} California there's an old farmer lived over on Walden's Creek and he went to see his boy in California in his old age. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Had a little grandson. The old man and the boy went over there to the store and he told him he want a poke of candy for that {D: both.} He didn't know what a poke of candy was. They didn't know what the poke meant you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh sure. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 025: This little boy told the old man he said that's a bag he said take a bag of #1 candy. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: I got 'em a bag of candy they didn't know what a poke was. Interviewer: Yeah what were those made what were the pokes made up though? 025: Paper. Interviewer: They just? 025: It's always just just paper #1 bags you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And how bout a a a great big bag that you might use uh that you might get uh well you might carry a put a hundred pounds of potatoes in? 025: Them's tow sacks I guess you're talking #1 about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: But they used they got to now fertilize. When I first began to buy fertilize there's an ol' big uh fertilize {D: deed 'em up} an old big uh uh tow sacks you know that hold two hundred pounds. Then later on they got to putting uh fertilize in cotton bags you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And then later on now then they're putting them in plastic bags. You can take that fertilize now in these plastic bags and lay it out here in the rain. It'll lay out there all year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: #1 The plastic bags won't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. I see. # 025: leak and they won't let. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And then the meal. Is there another kind that the meal would come in? 025: Well now the meal is still uh coming in the paper bags. #1 Meal and # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: flour still in the paper bags. Interviewer: When you went to the mill um the um what what did you call the amount you'd you'd usually take to the mill at one time just uh? 025: {D: I headed the pan} I don't know how you had to take it. Most of the time that uh man would take and he'd {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {D: Follow him he'd} get s- these big {D: grass like soaked seekers could come in 'em.} And they'd hold two or three bushel in big long heavy cotton bags. And they'd put that on there and tie it. Throw it across their horse sometimes and throw it in front of 'em sometimes the sacks would be long enough so they could throw it and sit on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Take that that away well if it's somebody carrying it they'd come in a smaller bag you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Maybe kids come. They'd have a little flour pokes or #1 something about # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: twenty-five pound #1 bag. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 025: Flour used to come in twenty-five you didn't see no five and tens nothing less than twenty-five. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And then the fifties and the hundreds. Interviewer: Was was something like that ever called a chance or a grist? 025: #1 A what? # Interviewer: #2 A # grist or a chance. 025: uh-uh. Interviewer: #1 Uh or a turnip? # 025: #2 I never # I know of it as just sacks. Interviewer: #1 You ever call it a turnip? # 025: #2 {X} # sacks and bags. Interviewer: How about a turn of corn? 025: Well now the turn of corn would be a sack of corn. What we're talking about #1 that would # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: be a turn. They'd call that a turn. Interviewer: All right. 025: And that is the miller's job of {X} to go and {D: and man'd come} he'd take his corn off and do some weight it and in the old times they just measured it in the bushel and they took a gallon out of the bushel to grind your corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And then then they had a big box for the {X} meal come out in. And two nails drove in there and it's {D: I think a} sack carrying and they've got meal and they had a big old paddle with a place cut out in it for your thumb, one for your hand. And dip that up to put it in that sack. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 025: #2 {X} # Put it back on the horse and send 'em on down the road. Interviewer: I see. Now if uh when you were when you were uh uh putting the wood in when you had a uh in the when you are starting a fire or something maybe with a stove or with a fireplace the amount that you could carry like this you just call that a? 025: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {D: You know and you know I would} take your stove wood and Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 have a # box. Have a box behind #1 the stove # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: well we've still got one and you know. And the firewood {D: was the general room and} just bring it in, lay it on the porch. Interviewer: Would you be more likely to call that an armload or an armful of wood? 025: Well I don't know people'd call it either one and know what you're talking about armload or armful. You'd say I'm about to get load of stove wood or load of firewood. Interviewer: If you were hauling something in a wagon back and forth and then maybe the last the last one you know the last load wasn't completely a full load would you have a special name for that? 025: I think you might say just a half of a load or #1 part of # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: a load or something like #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever use # something like a a a jag or a chance? 025: Well I've heared that used but that wasn't too common. Interviewer: Which word? 025: A jag. Interviewer: #1 For a for? # 025: #2 Heared # that used #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # For does that mean #1 Is that what? # 025: #2 A jag # of wood or a jag of {D: meal} or jag of something not made of wood. Interviewer: Okay. 025: Now that was eh that was the meaning of that was small amount. Interviewer: Okay. Now we talked about about uh about the dish towels and dish. How about the thing you might put soap on when you are washing your face? 025: {NW} Well I don't know what this called back then. Interviewer: Well what do you call it now? 025: Towels. #1 towels. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # now that's just to dry with. 025: Yeah. Interviewer: But I'm thinking about the thing that's wet that you? #1 Small. # 025: #2 Well # I'd call it a washrag or something like that or. Interviewer: And the place where the water comes in the kitchen at that at the sink? 025: {D: Centered and} faucets. Interviewer: Yeah. And how about on the side do you have one of the side of #1 the house? # 025: #2 Yeah # Them spickets. We call them spicket. Interviewer: Okay. 025: We have one out there. Interviewer: #1 How about on a # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: barrel? 025: A what? Interviewer: On a barrel. 025: Well they had uh used to they had a little ol' thing there. They had faucets. They're sorta like spickets go. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 Turn 'em # on used to they was wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And get uh {D: have them} cider barrels when I was a boy they'd bring us some kind of a cider to the stores and sell 'em. {D: Need a little gag} bag or kegs would be maybe twenty gallons around something like that then set 'em on the counter. And they had a wooden thing that stuck in there and it was all wood. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 {X} # Turn it here you know just like the spicket. And get it out it was made dif- #1 different. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: Then later on when they got to making the steel rounds #1 they # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: {D: got to} for oil and things like that they'd have spickets just like you've got #1 out here # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: you know to get your water. Interviewer: Now with this uh with the uh piping you have now though in the winter time do you ever do you ever have any trouble with that with when it gets cold? 025: Yeah we have to be careful now if if you don't uh drain the pipes now our pipes {D: done some spring} down there. And uh the house has normal heat from the kitchen yonder to the bathroom. We have trouble there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But never let it, it's froze a few times. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: So I've got a way there where I can go down there you know and cut the water off from the house and drain it. #1 And that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: takes the water out of the pipes if it's zero weather #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: because they're the pipes from the bathroom and yonder is copper. And uh it's a hard job to get anybody to fix things like that and I just {X} advantage of it and drain them pipes and we catch up enough of water to do us Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 {X} # {D: follow up but then their springs open we just} stand there and #1 carry it up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: rather than to have froze back. A lot of people neglects 'em and lets 'em freeze and bust. Then they have trouble now it gets down to ten {C: background noise} fifteen below zero here sometime. #1 And them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: things is gonna freeze and freeze pretty hard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm sure. 025: Well now people that's got uh new houses like modern houses like my son-in-law's here now where your kitchen {D: you can go out to this} uh heat just the kitchen's the next door there #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: The houses is tighter and all and and they've got {D: they're in closer in a well.} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 And the # wells out here you know they run it right out of the ground and right then up through there. #1 Then they don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: have too much trouble. Them kind of people don't. But our big trouble is for being yonder {D: that the} see all that water coming from the same direction Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 from # there to the bathroom. {D: unless} of course we can put a heater in here the bathroom won't freeze but that heat don't heat under the floor. The floor the the pipes is rot. #1 this big # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: uh burlap bags {D: put 'em on through.} But uh sometimes {D: it'll freeze and we have let it} #1 freeze. # Interviewer: #2 Is that # burlap bag just the same thing as a tow #1 sack? # 025: #2 Yeah that's # that's uh just same thing, burlap. But some is thicker than others you know. Interviewer: You were talking about molasses before and lard before. Molasses and lard in a store do they were they when you when you go now you uh probably made your own but if you uh well did you ever see it in a store where they have the molasses or lard up there if you're gonna buy {X} #1 {X} # 025: #2 Well now # when I was a boy they brought lard in barrels, wooden tubs. #1 Then later # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: on they got five six gallon tin cans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And molasses was a thing you couldn't see you had to put them in if you ever sold any you'd have to put them in glass fruit jars #1 or something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 025: #1 When # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: I was a boy sugar come in barrels. They'd have big barrels forty fifty barr- forty fifty pound barrels. The sugar lives in old barrels still around here. Then they had a can- a hoop from the canvas and set that down over that you know to keep the flies out {X} Interviewer: What was that that they had over it you said? 025: They'd just get uh some kind of c- canvas you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: thin and and fix it around this hoop that'd come off the top of the barrel. The barrel had wood wooden heads you #1 know but that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: to take that wooden head out #1 one end or # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: the other of it. And then they'd put that over it to keep the flies out. Interviewer: Uh-huh was there just one of those on a barrel or several? 025: Well there's several of them hoops but there'd be one at the bottom to hold the there to hold the wood part in you know and up there well if this one up here at the top is the one they'd take off you see #1 and then # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: put that canvas on it and then just tack it right back like it'd come off #1 you know with the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: wood part and to be took out so they could get to the sugar. Interviewer: I see. #1 I see. # 025: #2 And the # lard was in big tubs. And then they got to putting the lard in in uh mostly in tin cans about six gallon #1 cans # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: I guess and then people would buy cans of lard and then they'd use them cans to put the molasses in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now the uh if you were to pour sugar or a liquid from a large container into a smaller one. Say into a nar- well you were gonna pour something you were gonna pour something in one of those narrow uh those long neck quarts you were talking about. What did you use #1 to? # 025: #2 Funnel. # Interviewer: #1 # 025: #2 # Interviewer: I'm sorry? 025: Funnel. Interviewer: Yeah. And then where you're driving horses uh say in a buggy you have to? 025: Whoa. Interviewer: Yeah. Now what about with did you ever drive those steers or did or is that after you were pretty well #1 grown? # 025: #2 Well I # drove steers a little when I was a boy but I was pretty young. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 I used to # have a {D: pair of two of} twin steer. Interviewer: Right. 025: when I was a pretty good size boy, I wasn't too big and I had a wagon. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 Ride them # to the store and about. Interviewer: What did you use to to urge them on? 025: Get your hickory. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Just get you a long switch or get you a whip. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 Whatever # you want to get. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But they had regular buggy whips you know they were for your buggies. Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: {D: They didn't cost any more.} The best ones would cost a dollar and they have brass brackets around 'em Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 The best ones # do. {D: You can get one of these sets for a dollar.} Somebody'd steal 'em from you if you went into another neighborhood. #1 Oh sure would # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: go over on Walden's Creek and the Walden's Creek boys would come over here and they'd steal from us and we'd go over there and then they'd come back over here. They'd take their their stuff away from 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Uh with uh uh on uh long neck uh uh uh cork bottle that thing you stick in the top? 025: That's a cork. Interviewer: Okay #1 uh. # 025: #2 They're # caps now. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 025: #2 You don't # see them old corks anymore. Interviewer: Would you only call it a cork if it was made out of cork? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Would you if it were made out of metal or something you wouldn't call it #1 a cork? # 025: #2 It's just a # cork. It's made out of something I don't know. {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} Could it be a rubber cork? # 025: #2 {X} # I've got some of them ol' corks here but they're just corks they're not rubber I don't know what they are. {NS} But now then you fill {NW} them old bottles had corks. {NW} These old bottles you know. #1 Now then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: they don't make no such stuff as that they've all got screw tops on 'em or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Now {NW} you seen the little musical instruments about this long that you blow on? 025: Well that's French harp. Interviewer: Uh-huh how about the one you #1 {X} # 025: #2 Well that's # a Jew's harp. Interviewer: Yeah okay. 025: {D: Well them fellas could take them things} {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Was there were there were there a lot of uh a lot of music #1 uh # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: uh in in #1 the valley? # 025: #2 You said # {D: stuff like that.} Banjos. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Most of it was was banjos, fiddles. {X} fiddlers. It's more banjos than fiddlers when I was a boy than anything. Then they finally got the guitar you know and these other instruments. These old timers all learned on the banjo and the fiddle. Interviewer: Can you remember the names of some of the the good the the the the some of the best ol' banjo uh players? Do you remember any of them just their names? I'd be interested. 025: Well I don't know. {X} nearly anybody back them days you know could pick a banjo. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {X} banjo pickers. My wife's uncle Lawson. He is a good fiddler. And uh most that a lot of people could pick a banjo and play a fiddle I don't know what it was they could do better on that they could any other instrument. Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: But they never would use that stuff in the church them days. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {X} They had an organ. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 They # used in the church and then later on {D: begin to get} pianos you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Do they use 'em? # 025: #2 At some # churches they don't let 'em take the music in you know but they don't much in this country that's how that's never got started here. It started over here at a little church one time. Folks from another community down here they were making music and and uh the pastor he went over there and was in there making that music and he resigned and quit 'em right there. Interviewer: Is that right? 025: {D: Yeah.} Interviewer: They {X} banjos and? 025: {X} Interviewer: {X} 025: {X} {D: causing any difference in it} but some people don't look at it that way #1 you know it's just # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh sure. # 025: the way they've been brung up mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: He wouldn't have it. Resigned and quit 'em. Cause they had that music there without his consent. Interviewer: Let me ask uh yesterday we were talking about plows and harrows. Did you ever hear of anything called a gee whiz? 025: Yeah. Interviewer: What was that? 025: Well it was some kind of little ol' {D: s- harrow} or plow I don't know just how to describe it I don't know just exactly what {D: it what it look what it} called it but that ol' gee whiz {D: I haven't heared that in a long.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: I think that was a little ol' harrow. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 I don't # {D: what uh.} had a lever in there you know and you can spread it. Had teeth in it and it's pulled by horse just like a one horse Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 plow or something. # #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 025: that's what they #1 called a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: gee whiz or {D: there were there'd} someone called it a cultivator. Interviewer: Uh-huh it wasn't a swing tooth though it wasn't just a? 025: No that was um it was just {NW} teeth with wooden spring teeth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But now they've got these spring teeth that they use and they're pretty handy. They use on tractors. {X} there wasn't much of that used on horse #1 probably like them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: spring stuff. Interviewer: I see. 025: But they using a lot of 'em now. But I believe these little ol' things is what they call a gee whiz or some people did and some called 'em cultivators. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So it's a kind of cultivator #1 then? # 025: #2 Yeah # You could s- put that thing widen it out you know. There's about three sets of them and had a spring in there and you could move that lever you know and you can draw it up in close rows or you can stretch it out you know in Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 in a # wider row. Interviewer: Mm. 025: I used to have {D: them} I ain't got {D: nary} now don't know what become of the last one. I'd love to have it. Interviewer: When you saw wood something you are gonna saw a log and you put it on a say an X frame like that. {NW} Remember what you call that? #1 {X} # 025: #2 Well now # some the people'd make 'em out of two by fours or two by sixes or something and most {D: of people'd} back them days would just drive a couple stakes in the ground and nail 'em together {D: nothing like that and} lay their wood up in it. Interviewer: What did they call that then? 025: Saw rack. Interviewer: And did you ever you know these kind you see out on the roads they're an A-frame they might use 'em to to well you can use 'em to make scaffolding and you could and also you use 'em out on the highway to to detour traffic. They sometimes hang #1 {X} # 025: #2 Well # that was called uh I don't know what you're talking about that was called uh People, carpenters use #1 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Called horses #1 sawhorses yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Sure. 025: I don't know what they call 'em out on the highway but Interviewer: #1 Well that's # 025: #2 They # {D: stop 'em} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 to block # 025: roads but they're made just like these here sawhorses. You know carpenters take them you know I've got a set of them out {X} give 'em to me. And uh {D: I used to when I had them old ones} and uh you can take them you can use them to get up on you're painting your house you can lay a two by six or something on it and get a way on up yonder 'til you can get to have to get a ladder after a while you #1 know then if # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: you're selling um planks then well you can just lay 'em down on that and put a knee on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {D: drop 'em off or you} #1 know with # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: with your hands or something. {D: People start to using} power saws now. {D: We don't use cross cuts anymore.} But that was back {D: in the day when we would rust 'em} used to then when we'd go out in the woods to saw a tree, just go out there and saw it down you know and then prise it up and put a log under it and saw off until you got back to that log and then saw and back move it again. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Cut you a big prise pole {D: two foot two pound can} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 hoist up # most any kind of a tree or cut it in limbs 'til you could hoist it. Interviewer: Uh-huh now with the the kinds of um any any of these uh uh tools uh that you had you had to keep 'em sharp what what did they use for instance with a scythe? Uh you know uh uh to keep it sharp something you hold in your hand. 025: Well you could take it to a grindstone and grind it or you can take a file and you had regular whet rocks to do that with. Interviewer: What's a file made up of is that you mean metal file? 025: Well that's a metal file you know people use that to sharpen their saws. There's files for different things. There was big files there's little files there's round files there's three quarter files. the three quarter files {X} used hand saws or something {D: wide.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: These other files would file your axes your {X} or whatever. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: If you wanted to sharpen 'em axes {D: were mostly and} and uh then the saw you'd use mostly a whet rock on that. Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: But you can grind 'em first {D: and then begin to get them} more you take that saw {X} take that saw and then give it a lick on this side and a lick on that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 025: {NW} Interviewer: What do you use to sharpen your straight razor? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Your straight razor. 025: A leather strap. You ever see one? Interviewer: Yeah razor the yeah the razor strap yeah I've uh. 025: Now then everybody used 'em don't use 'em anymore very few people use straight razor now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Using these {X} razors or #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 electric razor. # 025: I never did use an electric razor I use see my boy he {X} course he works in a place where he has to shave everyday you know. Interviewer: Sure. 025: I don't shave but about twice a week. {NS} Interviewer: I only shave when I have to myself. {NW} Uh when uh when you're uh did you ever build a thing for your kids when they were small uh uh maybe take uh uh a board and make it go up and down and. 025: Yeah they call them seesaws. Put 'em across one of these things you're talking #1 about through the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: crack of an old rail fence or over a log #1 or something. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Did they ever have anything they called a ridey horse? 025: Yeah. I'll tell what that was called that you drive a stake up up out here somewhere or another Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 then # put it through the stakes something like that on it and bore a hole in it, take a screw wood screw or something or drive in there and then they'd get on it you know and instead of going up and down they'd go round and round. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: I forget what they call them what did you say it was? Interviewer: Well that there I asked about a ridey horse. #1 {X} # 025: #2 Well that was # {X} something like that's what they called it. #1 But this here # Interviewer: #2 Or # 025: one on one end and #1 one on the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: other going up and down now that was seesaw was they #1 called that. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Was that other one called a flying jenny? 025: Something like that they'd #1 call it. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Merry go round or #1 {X} # 025: #2 Now a flying # jenny I believe is what they called it. I know we used to have one out here for my younguns. They'd get on that and of course you're just a gathering place here for younguns and. Interviewer: Sure. 025: They'd all gather up around here. Interviewer: What are other kinds of things that kids play on like that? 025: Yeah. Some had 'em and some didn't. Interviewer: All right. 025: And they'd tie a chain or rope or something up in a tree and call that a swing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Then later on people got to taking uh tying an old automobile tire you know that made a good #1 swing. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # Say uh uh did they ever make uh did you ever do anything with a limber take a long plank maybe buy one of the uh uh these one by wides and and and put it on uh and suspend that and they'd bounce up and down on it. 025: Yeah I've seen that done. Interviewer: Have a name for that sort of #1 thing? # 025: #2 I # forget what they call that I know what you're talking about I've seen it but I don't know. I don't remember what they called it now. Interviewer: Now when uh when you had uh did you ever ever have a coal stove? 025: #1 A what? # Interviewer: #2 A # coal stove. 025: Yeah we had one until we got this. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {X} Interviewer: What did you call that little thing you mighta kept now you probably had a coal pile outside. What did you call that little little container that you'd keep next to the stove? 025: To carry coal in #1 it? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Coal bucket. {NS} I've got some of them here. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever called it a coal pot or a coal 025: #1 Uh it's a # Interviewer: #2 stove? # 025: coal bucket. Interviewer: Okay. 025: That's all ever I heared anybody call it. Interviewer: And the thing with one wheel that you use out when you're gonna move manure around or something has two handles? 025: The what? Interviewer: Well maybe you you might fill it up with sand you shovel sand #1 {X} # 025: #2 That's # wheel barrow {X} sitting out #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 025: And these fellas that brings you your furniture to you they've got them little ol' things they call 'em dollies or you know what I'm talking about they're just little ol' things you can set a stove or or refrigerator on 'em Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 and they # can climb right up the steps with 'em you know. Interviewer: {X} 025: Call them dollies I don't know where they got the dolly part. Interviewer: Uh-huh yeah well the uh you were talking yesterday about uh uh mentioned that this that this uh stove here burned uh um 025: Kerosene or coal oil #1 we always # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: used to call it coal oil but they list it now as #1 kerosene. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Did did you ever make uh a lamp just with a rag and a bottle or a can just um some kind of a makeshift lamp? 025: I've seen that done I don't know where I did back {X} we got electricity that's all we had lamps coal oil lamps you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But I've I've seen that {X} {D: stick a rag in there you'd get} just like the wick in a {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 025: in a sto- in a lantern or stove #1 or I mean a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: {X} But their oil will go on up #1 and burn # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: but it's sort of dangerous to have it out in the open. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you have any any uh did you call that anything in particular? #1 That kind of a lamp. # 025: #2 {X} # don't know that I ever did. But I've seen that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Don't know why unless they didn't have no burners no {X} or something but now used to people had trouble with them oil lamps and they had uh sometimes you'd get your {D: middle of the oil would} run down in 'em and {X} I've seen 'em here in different places have to pull 'em out in the yard, they'd blow up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 025: Something get wrong with the burner you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And the oil instead of the fire staying up here in the burner it'd be down in the lamp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see yeah. 025: And they finally invented the thing on the burner when you can turn it off somewhere or another. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 {X} # Used to had people had to watch that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: I've seen 'em here I've seen {X} get 'em made to throw 'em out in the yard {X} if they'd get that burner out throw it out in the yard you know then they'd get out in there and bust the lamp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: The spot in the lamp. Interviewer: Did you have a lot of fires in uh people's houses and uh 025: #1 Yeah it took house # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah in this kind of a lamp you have uh this thing up here is this the called uh 025: Now that's just a fuse I mean #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: {D: the lick of that's} electricity you just pull that #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The # thing you unscrew though. #1 the thing you change. # 025: #2 Oh that's # bulb I guess. Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's called yeah. # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Um {NS} now the uh uh do do do you do much fishing? 025: I don't I used to go fishing a little I don't anymore Interviewer: #1 Where where did you do that? # 025: #2 {X} # {X} down in this creek it used to be a big fisherman's creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did 025: Carps big fish and then later on they got to putting {NS} rainbows and for those who'd get 'em and turn 'em loose they wouldn't last long. {X} catch 'em up before they ever go anywhere. That's just a regular old carp creek. {D: Um} carps fish it likes muddy water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Rainbows and them good fish comes up rivers and clear stream #1 down here in # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: {D: this river} mountain country or rainbow country. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Get out here in that ol' river they've got uh {D: little ol' bat like mouths.} they used to down at that {D: cannon factory} And things that lay around there you know and eat {D: falling peas and falling stuff} they'd run out there you'd get there at what {D: they called then s- something or another and kind of the} white belly fish it's pretty good fish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: You just go out there and catch 'em {X} I don't know what {X} I reckon need a river and get on the creek {D: doesn't mean apart.} And let you fish at season. You just got to catch your limit. They don't Interviewer: They have anything they call hog mollies? 025: Any what? Interviewer: Hog mollies they have kind of a little 025: #1 Fish? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Mollies or hog mollies. 025: Seems like I've heared that name. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: It used to be a fishing district wouldn't get too big but they was awful good they'd call 'em {X} get pretty big. Interviewer: They have kind of a flat head? 025: {NW} I don't know that I've seen that flathead fish but that wasn't uh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Now they had another fish in here that they called uh is a flatfish. {NW} So these supposed to get 'em you know and bring 'em and put 'em in this put 'em in the creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: What did they call that? Red eye they was red eyes I believe #1 they called 'em # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: flatfish. They can get about so big Interviewer: Yeah about ten ten ten inches #1 long? # 025: #2 Somewhere # along there. You know that's good fish #1 didn't have too # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: many bones in 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But I reckon rainbows is about the #1 best fish. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah # I see. #1 Trout now. # 025: #2 Yeah yeah. # Interviewer: Any uh any {D: perch} or perch uh ? 025: No not around here in these creeks now I don't know what all they've got in them rivers and lakes. {D: There ain't a lot of} fishing going on over on at the Douglas Dam #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: I don't know what they've got there. And I never did fish over there. I ain't fished none in years. I used to when I was a boy. Liked to fish a lot along this creek and go to Little River over here once #1 in a while. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # When you fished did you ever go out in a boat? 025: No I never did do that. Interviewer: Did anyone around here ever build boats? 025: No but they a lot of people got 'em they go up and down this road every day. Interviewer: Now these are the uh I I meant I meant the old timers did #1 they? # 025: #2 No # I don't think so #1 they had # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: no use for boats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: People had too much to do then to #1 get out # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: and boat and fish. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 025: {D: Now then there's classes.} {D: comes they come out of town and about} you know and then put them boats they've even got trailers and I don't know where they're going to. They go th- through here every day. Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: Some of 'em they've got boats c- canoes or something tied on top of their car. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 025: #1 Those or he's got a real big trailer to haul these big long boats I reckon they're # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: going over here to Douglas Dam. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 That's # 025: #2 You can't # Get in the river with 'em. Interviewer: Yeah Is Douglas Dam is more like is like a lake? 025: {X} 025: Uh one of my #1 cousins. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Oh is that right? I wondered if now I just wondered if they they had uh if they if what kinds of boats little boats they had on the? 025: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: I don't know {D: what} Interviewer: Other than canoes. 025: I don't know what they've got but now they've got {X} great big long boats. They've even got trailers for 'em haul 'em all. and some of 'em will have 'em on uh tied on the top of the car bottom side up {D: or not} I don't know what that is I don't get close enough to 'em to find out just exactly what. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {D: And they's some folks here in the cove} that'll buy boats. I've got a neighbor over here that's got a boat. I don't know how he gets it over there you got a big truck. I guess he takes it on that and he may have a trailer to hang it pull it #1 on. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # But uh when a boat is first built and it's put in the water for the first time you know what that's called? You slide it out in the water. 025: {D: I don't know} if they built 'em out of wood they've got to put 'em in there and let 'em soak up you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: {D: They will} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 That # lumber'd get wet and soaked up and turn water you see Interviewer: Yeah. 025: Same way with the hog trough. You can't hardly put anything together close enough. It'll turn to water. You put water in it and let it soak up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And places where it'll leak out but it'll get after awhile you know after that water stays in #1 there a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: while it won't leak. Interviewer: Now something a woman wears when she's doing the cooking? 025: Apron. Interviewer: Yeah. And and then uh uh a uh uh that she she was in a oh say say your wife is gonna get some material she might go into the store and get a little a little piece of the material and bring it home to see if it matches the um. 025: I don't know what you'd call that. I know that's been done they do that you know get a little piece of that see if it's like what they've got you know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 {X} # little of something to make a dress or to make something else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what if you went into the store and got something uh that uh they gave you something something for nothing uh to uh uh to try to taste. See if you liked it. 025: You mean what would they call that? Interviewer: Yeah. 025: Well I don't know. I reckon they call it a sample or #1 something. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Well do they in {X} do they ever when you when you went to pay your bill say at the oh at the um feed store or something and you paid your bill or or uh uh general store or something did they ever uh a man might throw in something extra #1 uh. # 025: #2 Sometimes # they would. Sometimes if you're gonna buy a big order they'd give you something you know as a present. Interviewer: Yeah. Just. 025: And if you paid up a bill Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: they'd give you something you know. Interviewer: They just call that a present #1 I guess? # 025: #2 Yeah. # They give you something or another. Make you a present {D: though.} Now that's where that clock came from. My #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 025: business and they gave him that clock #1 as a payment # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: for a bill of goods he had bought. Interviewer: Is that right? Well that's that that was a nice present. 025: That's right and I've seen other stores that had 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And these big companies a lot of times they'd give a merchant a premium you know for a large big amount of bill Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 {X} # to the store. Back when I was a boy it ain't that way now grocery stores had a hard time there's {D: nothing going on on a} saw milling and farming and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: things like that and they had to carry the people {D: too long.} But now then everybody to {X} people {X} social security and welfare there ain't no more poor people anymore that has to do that way they can all just. The grocery stores are making money now. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 They # get their pay every week. #1 These {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: people all these here people that's working on jobs get your pay every week. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And uh older people that ain't got no moneys are drawing social security and them that that ain't got nothing and don't want nothing well they're they're on welfare #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah sure. # Uh when uh what kind of clothing did uh oh people wear in your father's time? Just kind of describe the. 025: #1 Well uh people as # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: far back as I can remember {D: in our old home} my granddad {D: that was} {X} he wouldn't wear nothing only jeans. They was a heavy kind of something. My grandmother would make 'em for him you know. But then at a later date I'd knowed him to wear overalls. As far back as I can remember people wore overalls mostly farmers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {D: Some of 'em won't} but they would get these little overalls {D: stuff with a no} bib on 'em and #1 still # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 025: wear them. Back then a lot of people wore they had uh th- an awful thick shirt. They called it hickory shirt {D: with strapping.} Oh people nearly wore them ol' hickory shirts. One of 'em would last you all summer you know people sweat a lot hard work and sweat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And they could take 'em old hickory shirt and them's heavy but they'd wear 'em all summer. Interviewer: Huh and they. 025: #1 Oh but it'd last # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: you a summer maybe a #1 year # Interviewer: #2 Huh. # Well do they would they uh did they hang out and they wore them outside? 025: No they put 'em down their pants. Interviewer: Uh-huh. and that's something they might wear over that if it was cold? 025: Well {D: they'd} wear a coat or something. Now some old people back then didn't um bundle up like they do now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: My granddad is an old timer and uh and uh {NS} I know we'd go to kill hogs and he'd had to kill hogs in cold weather. He'd wear them old hickory shirts he wasn't wearing no underwear. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: and uh he'd {D: drawers} some kind of drawers was for his undershirts or long handles #1 something like # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: that he wouldn't wear 'em. And well he'd get out there the coldest day that come and he'd roll up his pull off his coat and roll up his sleeves. He always done the gutting you know and the cutting up of them hogs #1 as long as he # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: live. And uh {X} the rest of us would be a freezing to death and he'd be making it good. It's just sort of what you get used #1 to. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 025: And we was talking about that wool cotton or {NW} wool thread they uh lot of 'em uh the old timers use them ol' homemade socks you know. They'll have 'em a dozen laying around. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 Wear a # pair you'd wear a pair every year. My granddad in the summertime he'd come the rainy weather like it is now he could get out and go barefoot. #1 He said # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: he could walk {X} after a rain if it was a dirt road. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 025: #2 He # never was bothered with bunions on his feet or nothing like that. Interviewer: Is that right? Um was uh the uh uh on on uh Sunday um people would get dressed up they might wear a a man would wear? 025: Oh collar and tie. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} 025: #1 We used to # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 025: {D: have little ol' shirts you know and} I don't know what they #1 paid # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: for a collar that t-shirt collars. I don't have anymore see that anymore. {D: the collars all run to the shirt} #1 I don't got {X} sure # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Sure. # 025: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: {X} {X} Interviewer: Well if you want to go get it go uh. 025: Well. Interviewer: Yeah. Sure that's all right. 025: {X} very wealthy fella didn't get what he got {D: and dropped him for another.} Interviewer: Yeah. 025: {D: And man will do the} same thing you know. {NS} Sometimes they marry for wealth instead of love. Interviewer: {X} I suppose the ideal thing is to find both. {NW} 025: Yeah. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 025: If the that's got {X} Interviewer: {X} #1 {X} # 025: #2 I # even mowed the yard last night. carried that stuff in here {D: Ramona} said she hadn't got to sweep the floor {D: but you needn't to pay no attention that.} {NW} Can't keep that stuff off of your feet. Finally got my grandson and another boy to come over here last night and mow for me. I've got two mowing machines. Got a {C: background noise} riding one and he does the big mowing on that and the other boy he does around the trees you know corners and where you can't get to with that big one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But you're just lucky this day and time to get anybody to do anything. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: Used to I could get all the help I wanted and couldn't pay for it and now then I can pay for it and can't get the help and I'm just right back where I started #1 off. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 025: Ain't any better off. Interviewer: I was asking you yesterday we talking yesterday the day before yesterday you were telling me about that sheriff. Uh did that man make other kinds of uh any uh? 025: Hell they've got uh he works for their kinfolks and he works for Reagan's up there you don't know Gatlinburg well but it's out there on roaring fork road and they make do that for a living. They've got a big factory out there you know. They make everything in the way of wood. I don't know what all they do make. Chairs beds. Anything most. They've got their machinery there you know and they can start with a raw material #1 you know and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: then you go right on up. They make chairs and tables and whatnot anything. Interviewer: Mostly uh uh furniture? 025: Furniture and stuff like that {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I asked you last time about uh when we were talking about that uh the thing in the we talked about the closets and so forth did you ever have anything you called a chifforobe or um or a wardrobe? 025: Well now I don't know {D: you told me} I guess that'd all be the same {D: and} have wardrobes you know Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 and that # was. Interviewer: Now were those built in or movable? 025: Well they was {D: sold} most of 'em in these older houses was built in. Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: But now then I guess they're movable. People don't build them things in these new houses #1 anymore. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And what did you have on your windows? Uh now what would you call these things right here that go up and down? 025: Um the shades is on the inside and them #1 others # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: is curtains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. the curtains are on the 025: #1 Mm yeah. # Interviewer: #2 in the inside. # And uh what do you call expensive dishware? 025: Well I'd reckon that would be you know sometime {X} dishware is like everything #1 else # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: there's good and bad you know. Interviewer: Do they have a name for the the really uh expensive stuff? 025: Well I can't recall that. {X} Interviewer: Or something you might put you know something you know something you might put cut flowers in? 025: Well I don't know now. We've never had nothing that I know of like #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: #1 We just had our # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: different kinds of dishes and vases and Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: things like that you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But uh glassware just like everything else you know some of it's more expensive than others. I don't know why it would be glass are just glass. Interviewer: Right. 025: It's like I told the hardware man out here one time {D: about his uh} {D: likes in the kitchen there} you know them big glasses would go put in here when one breaks out now I used to I could get 'em for about sixty cents a piece but I went out there one day and they just charged me I don't know just about double price. I said what's the matter? He said I don't know. He said I don't understand it. He said glass is made out of sand and said sand ain't going up any. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. #1 {X} # 025: #2 I went on up # to the other hardware then I don't know what happened to these fellas {X} hardware. I mean {X} went on up there to {X} and they're still back down about forty, sixty cents somewhere along #1 where I # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: used to pay for 'em. I think they just have them marked up wrong somewhere #1 or another. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: Glass is a thing that didn't advance too bad for a long time. It was kind of funny how things would go up right quick. You take for instance hardware. Hardware was a thing that started up and never did go down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh you might use a comb on your hair or what else might a person use? 025: Uh brush or something another. They's hairbrushes you know. {X}. Interviewer: Yesterday we were #1 talking. # 025: #2 I don't # never use none #1 of 'em you can see that. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 {X} # 025: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um the uh yesterday we were talking about uh what a man would wear to church on Sunday and you say you said a collar and tie but what what might he wear uh um you know in the if he had uh pants and coat that matched what would that be called? 025: A suit. Interviewer: Now and if he just bought it it wouldn't a be an old one it would be a? 025: Just be a suit you know. {D: And all like the} them suits would come in coats and people used to wear vests. You've seen these ol' #1 Westerns. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: {X} them ol' vests you know. They're pretty common you never seen or hear tell one of them things anymore. See they didn't have no sleeves in 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: And the back was just cloth. and the front of 'em was just like your other #1 clothes or suits # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: you know. And they'd put their neck ties down in that #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Now if um if a shirt was uh washed in water that was too hot the collar might? 025: Well there was some cloth that shrank and some was unshrank and some wouldn't you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Some cloth you'd take uh a shirt that was big enough for me or you and then wash it and maybe it wouldn't be big enough for the next fella you know. #1 The # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: sleeves would draw out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Collar would draw out and get too tight. Interviewer: Right. 025: {X} They thought to save s- they don't make that kind of stuff much anymore well and folks was pretty careful they could pretty well tell that shrinkable stuff #1 you know and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: {D: not other.} You take maybe overalls. {D: You used to would} get cheap overhauls. Maybe they'd be big enough too big for you when you got 'em and a little while the legs would be way up here. They would draw up. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 Shrink. # I don't know what #1 caused it {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. All right. # 025: and others wouldn't. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 I got. # 025: #2 And then # there was some cloth that when you washed 'em they'd fade out you know the colors would fade out. #1 And some # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: wouldn't. I don't know why. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Now I had overalls these things that would come up over your #1 shoulders. # 025: #2 Overalls is # what I wear like #1 this # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: you know. #1 They # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: may have got overalls the same kind but they ain't got the bib #1 to 'em # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: and just wear a belt in 'em you know and they call them blue #1 jeans. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Now what what do you call those things that go up over your shoulders? #1 Them's the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: galluses or suspenders. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: {D: You take now lizards} and these ol' overalls they're made with 'em. #1 They're suspenders # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: but back yonder back yonder people used to to {X} say somebody like me you know {D: this uh} didn't have enough a belly on 'em to keep a belt on they'd wear them #1 suspenders. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: And then when I was a boy instead of people now goes the short sleeved shirts. {D: They'd buy 'em.} #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: maybe like I do roll 'em up or like your now your is already off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: They had to wear 'em down over their hands and they had a big ol' rubber thing about oh it was nearly as big as your little finger and they'd put 'em here you know and they'd call them sleeve holders. To keep your sleeves down from over your #1 hand. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # I see. Um what um uh uh might you if you had going into town you might keep coins in something you carry in your pocket? 025: Do what? Interviewer: You're taking going in going into the s- into town you might have some coins in your #1 pocket {X} # 025: #2 Well people had # little ol' they call 'em pocketbooks you know and they have different kinds of 'em. {D: some had a s- book and} string in 'em and pull 'em up and tie 'em but the old ones would have uh just some would {NS} used to people when they had a large amounts of them they'd have you know the banks {D: put that in little sacks but} they just have something. Used to s- smoking tobacco Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 would # come in little cloth pouches with a Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 s- # drawstring. #1 And a lot of # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: people you know it didn't have a billfo- pocketbook {D: it'd carry them} #1 but # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: a lot of these people that have them I don't know whether I've got {D: very one of them ol''} pocketbooks. And they'd uh have two sections to 'em two sides. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And of course there wasn't no room in them for papers or anything like that. and they'd latch up here. Two little latches would go together #1 to hold 'em. # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # They ever call that a purse? 025: No that was just pocketbooks. Purses would be something like these women carry #1 you know with a # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 025: handle on it. #1 or something. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # What would you call a thing a woman might wear around her wrist? 025: {X} Bracelet. Interviewer: And something she might wear around her #1 neck? # 025: #2 Necklace. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you're talking about beads would you call what would you #1 call 'em? # 025: #2 Well that'd # that'd be the same you know that would go around her #1 neck. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Beads. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: #1 People # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: still wears them a lot. But they're more expensive than they used to. Used to you know you could buy them beads {D: ten it was ten cent store. You can yet I guess} #1 but # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: that's kind of stuffs just for children. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: But you see now you take these necklaces and wealthy people's got them things that cost thousands of dollars. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But they've got pearls on them you #1 know it's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: expensive stuff. You can see every once in a while on a on a television show where they've got that jewelry all insured you know and will a lot of times they'll sell it and let on like it's been stole. You see that on #1 television # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: you know. They insure them Interviewer: Sure. 025: thousands of dollars. Interviewer: Would you call that a string of beads or a pair of beads? 025: String. Interviewer: {X} #1 {X} # 025: #2 String of # beads they're just on a string #1 you # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: know. Interviewer: How much television do you usually watch during a week would you say? 025: Oh we never watch television {D: but they um} watch it from the time the weather goes on probably six oh clock 'til ten. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 025: #2 Depends # on what's on what I'm interested #1 in. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # What kinds of things do you like to watch? 025: Huh? Interviewer: What kinds of programs do you usually #1 watch? # 025: #2 Oh different # things I always catch the weather and the news and then on the other hand you have {X} I like these here uh police you know and I like Gunsmoke. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: #1 Things # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: like that. My wife she likes other things. #1 We just # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: watch whatever we like you know. {X} We can can't get but two stations #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: Wears Cove's a bad place to get Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: good stations. They some of these television mens told me that Wears Cove was Wears Valley was the worst place they ever tried to get a picture. Some places you just can't get 'em. #1 There's something # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: that something knocks it off #1 the timber # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: #1 or something. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # I noticed that uh coming in on the uh the radio. It picks up on a awful lot of static #1 as soon as you come in. # 025: #2 Well the it # #1 will unless # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: {D: well as I don't} know I don't know whether it's right or not but he's about one of the first television men comes to {X} And he told me that {D: any way} some way this would go in and hit that mountain and come back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And they's places in here that you can't hardly get a picture now. The first television we ever got here my boy me and him bought it together and he got a boy he'd went to school with to come in here and help him put it up. Well we never did have no trouble out here getting a picture. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But right over here at my son-in-law's they like to have never gotten one. They had about three or four different people to come. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 025: #2 {X} # They had set that television here and yonder and out yonder and they had two or three over in in one or two days. {D: There's a o- one awful bad.} And they finally just set it right in the corner right on that uh kitchen and come in on the back you know and just a little porch out over the #1 step. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: they set it right there in the corner where these two rooms met. #1 And they've got uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: still got it there. {Just there.} That was the only place they #1 could find # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: after they'd tried all around in the garden and out in the field and all around that. Interviewer: How long ago did you get a television say? 025: Oh we've had a television set I guess twelve fifteen #1 years. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # When did electricity come into uh the #1 uh? # 025: #2 Forty-eight. # Interviewer: In the valley? 025: Forty-eight. Interviewer: In forty-eight? Up until forty-eight there was #1 no? # 025: #2 No electricity. # Interviewer: All right. Uh and how about uh the uh uh do do you get a newspaper uh regularly? 025: Get a daily paper Knoxville journal #1 and then we # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: get two county #1 papers. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Do how have you been reading that uh all along all your life? #1 {X} # 025: #2 No not # all of my life but I've been reading it for a long long time. I don't know what how long or. Interviewer: All right. 025: Thirty years or more. Interviewer: All right. Uh what do you call that thing you open up on a rainy day? 025: Umbrella. #1 You ever # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: see one? Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah {NW} # 025: #2 {NW} # #1 We call 'em # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: country people call 'em umbrellas higher {D: toned} people call 'em parasols. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {NW} Interviewer: #1 I never called it a parasol I always thought that was very high {D: tone}. # 025: #2 {NW} # #1 But you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: see us mountain people here we just call 'em what we've always been used to calling 'em but you #1 take # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: higher classed people you know and better educated they call them parasol. {NW} Interviewer: Right. 025: {NW} Interviewer: Now in bed the thing you rest your head on? 025: Huh? Interviewer: The thing you rest your head on in bed? 025: It's a pillow. Interviewer: #1 Alright what e- # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what else is on a bed besides a pillow? #1 Uh. # 025: #2 Well # you take us older people that used to have they've got feather beds. {D: But} we still don't. But uh there there uh mattresses you know. People use mattresses now. But now back in my days my grandma kept around a hundred geese. And you'd pick them geese every six weeks and back as far as I was a little boy you could sell them feathers for a dollar a pound. #1 I don't know where # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: you couldn't buy 'em I don't guess now unless they'd {D: I don't know or} what they'd do yeah there's no geese anymore in this country #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: {D: there are in other places} but they'd gather them ol' geese up. They'd go up and down that street you know for a mile. That was my job to gather them up. It'd take two or three days to gather them geese up. And then they'd get some old women who knowed how to do it and they'd catch them ol' geese and put 'em between their legs and they'd #1 pull # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 025: them feathers and then about six weeks more they'd be feathered out again. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And them pillows you'd make 'em out of them goose #1 feathers. # Interviewer: #2 Did they ever # make a long one that went the full length of the top of the bed? 025: Yeah that's what you'd what you sleep on. Interviewer: I mean just one long pillow that #1 went all. # 025: #2 Well # that's just not a pillow it's a {NS} Auxiliary : Now I can hear what you hear better on the {X}. 025: {D: Now this bed's not made up but} #1 you can # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: {X} Interviewer: Yeah I see. 025: {X} Interviewer: Yeah I mean something 025: {D: The mattress is under} #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # I mean something that you have across here I guess a pillow. Have you ever seen one of those that goes like #1 that? # 025: #2 I # {D: I guess I have.} {D: It goes on across} {X} Interviewer: Huh. 025: {D: a double bed} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: {D: two pillows.} Interviewer: Right. 025: {X} Turn it up #1 double it # Interviewer: #2 Huh. # 025: sleep on it. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 {X} # {D: Out on bump their head} I'll sleep on two pillows. Interviewer: Uh-huh What was that that you said about some of those {X} 025: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You said some of those pillows would go? 025: Well now that feather #1 bed there. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: That ain't a pillow that #1 goes the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: whole width of the bed.] Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. 025: We've got several of them because they've come down through the generation but now you couldn't get 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But now my wife will do this {NW} {D: when they} kill chickens you know we used to before we got to buying already {D: dressed you'd} kill our own chickens. Well they'd take care of them feathers you know and that make puts them in these cushions here you #1 see. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: {d: That} you're sitting on now. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: They're made out of chicken feathers. Interviewer: I see. Uh the uh uh uh about the last things you put on a bed? 025: Huh? Interviewer: The last thing that's put on a #1 bed? # 025: #2 Well them's # quilts or coverlets Interviewer: What's the difference between a quilt and a coverlet? 025: Well now quilts uh thing of something like that would be a coverlet uh in there only they're different and I told you the other day that #1 one was # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: handmade. It's come down through my great grandmother. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: That would be a I don't know I reckon you'd call that a I've always heared 'em called coverlets or spreads #1 or something like # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: that and then yonder you see on them beds it's a different kind that's {X} Interviewer: {X} 025: That's handmade #1 a hundred # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: years old. Interviewer: What would you call that thing in #1 there? # 025: #2 Uh # spreads. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 025: #2 Or something # like that. That's coverlet now you talking about coverlet that's all it's been called as far as I know. A coverlet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But them would be #1 bedspreads or something # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. {X} # 025: like that. Interviewer: And what's a quilt? #1 How would that be? # 025: #2 Well now # a quilt's a thing that's that's made you know and it's cotton #1 between the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: quilting and the lining. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: If you don't know I can show you. There are a lot of quilts here if you'd rather see it. Interviewer: Well I just wondered how what kind of a #1 distinction # 025: #2 Well # {D: now they} Interviewer: #1 you made? # 025: #2 women # done the quilting they get their frames and put 'em up here and then gather in and quilt 'em. And they first take something like a sheet you know or a big heavy piece of white cloth and sew it together. And uh then they'd take this cotton. And put between it now they'd piece these squares you know and take and sew 'em down there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Make all kinds of quilts them quilts is gotten nearly you can get twenty-five thirty dollars a piece for 'em. Interviewer: What do you call a bed that's made up flat on the floor? 025: A what? Interviewer: A well you know like if you had a whole lot of kids over to the house #1 and? # 025: #2 Oh # them's pallets. Pallets. {X} That's what we always #1 called 'em. I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Sure. # 025: what other people called 'em. Interviewer: Now uh what what do you call a uh uh what different kinds of of of uh soil how would you just kind of describe the different kinds of soil you have on your 025: #1 Soil? # Interviewer: #2 your # place yeah. I don't want technical names. #1 I just need. # 025: #2 Well # that's just difference in soil you take {NW} two or three fields right close together. There'll be different kinds of soil. Now you take in our country most of it in this low land is black. Black soil. Soil. but you get up on hilltops and higher land and the soil don't go so deep {D: of you get down there just} red clay. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And you take down in the lower end of the county. I've got a son-in-law down there and they raise a lot stuff you know. And they bring us up they've got yellow just yellow clay soil. And the other day they brung uh some beans up here {D: and I was told to} pay for a bushel of them beans. And you'll get that red soil when you're done you gotta go wash your hands that red soil #1 with our # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: beans ain't that way. That #1 soil # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: don't stick to 'em. We've got a black {D: thick} soil here. Interviewer: You call that black soil anything? 025: Well #1 that's just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: black soil or clay soil you know. Interviewer: What do you call that black kind of sticky soil? That that really it's black and kind of wet. 025: Well I don't know what you'd call that unless it'd be mud. Interviewer: #1 Do you have anything you call jumbo soil or gumbo? # 025: #2 {X} No # I never did hear of that. Interviewer: Okay and uh uh a place out in the uh uh uh out near uh a uh uh branch or a creek or or a branch or a stream that has water on it during the in the spring and then later you can plow it. 025: {D: Well they would say} I've got a lot of overflow land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Creeks will get up get over and it leaves uh it used to leave a lot of soil now it leaves tin cans #1 and old plastic # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: containers that #1 peoples # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: throwed out and throwed them in the creek and are all over your pasture land and all over your. It's it's getting mean. Even bottles and and uh {NW} it's mean but when I was a boy that stuff wasn't throwed in the #1 creek. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: And this land would overflow and leave that rich stuff on there and then you'd take a field that overflow like that. It'd be the richest field you #1 had. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 025: Unless there's somewhere where they get the washing. If you cultivated it and it come up one of them big floods while it was in corn or some {X} I keep mine all in pasture and hay in #1 them # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: overflow places. Interviewer: #1 Would you call # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Would you call that bot- is that the same thing as bottom land? 025: Bottom land is creek bottom or river bottom of course creek bottoms here and out yonder you can see 'em there along the highway it does that out along the highway there. Interviewer: Uh-huh 025: It's overflows and now Sevierville's you take Sevierville's. Sevierville's right in the forks of two {X} two uh rivers. It gets the whole watershed to this cove #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: this mountain here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And uh They come together right at the lower end of Sevierville down there at the bridge #1 right after you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: pass the co-op before you turn over there to John Denton right there's where they come together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: You cross the to go to John Denton's you crossed what they call the Fred C Atchley #1 bridge. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Well the other bridges there goes across four forty-one. Well the two rivers come together right there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And it'd just wash the rubble away. Interviewer: Huh. Is that right? 025: Oh it'd be all over Sevierville. Well they've spent thousands and thousands of dollars there it just got so bad they had to do something. It ruined the the the post office up there had a big basement. And it come down them streets you know and run they just lost that basement in that court house this office. Or or {NW} it used to be down under there. And a lot of other offices. {X} Post office a great big place #1 but you. # Interviewer: #2 What are the names # of those rivers? 025: Well one of 'em is East Fork and the other one is Little Pigeon. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 The one that # comes down from Gatlinburg is Little Pigeon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And the one that comes down from the other side down in here is called uh {C: background noise} East Fork. But the two rivers gets the whole watersheds. {D: And I mean get and and uh} this creek here and what water comes out of here and up Gatlinburg and them all comes down Little Pigeon. Well all down back over yonder it comes down East Fork. Interviewer: #1 All right. # 025: #2 And # you get them two rivers together with the whole watersheds of the whole county Interviewer: Yeah. 025: you've got a mess of water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But they've spend thousands of dollars on down below John Denton's plumb way on down in there you know. If you just look at it you can see they've opened that river out and drilled it out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And my boy lives {D: right} street across the river over there. when you start over to John Denton's after you cross the Fred Atchley bridge there's {X} a town in there that's called {D: Love-Addition} and my boy lives there. You just it's just right after you cross the bridge you turn #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: And there's a great big little town. Well it'd just cover that up. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 025: #2 My # {D: boy bought his and he bought on every street} and them folks would have to vacate in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And now then it don't it don't do that anymore. It #1 don't overflow # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: anymore. They had to do something it was about to wash Sevierville away. Interviewer: #1 Is there uh? # 025: #2 You see # Sevierville's low. #1 It's low # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: land. Interviewer: Is there isn't there another fork that comes uh you said the #1 East Fork. # 025: #2 No it's just # them two forks. That East Fork. Interviewer: Is there something called middle fork? 025: No it's East #1 Fork and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Little Pigeon. Interviewer: #1 I see # 025: #2 Little # Pigeon comes from Gatlinsburg and that side of the mountain. Well that gets all this community you know. It goes down here and it goes over here and meets with Waldens creek and they go on down there and they get into middle creek and then middle creek empties into the Little Pigeon. Down there below with Henderson Springs just down in there below where you hit four forty-one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And that goes on and then the watersheds the rest of it. {D: But the} Little Pigeon comes from the Gatlinburg side. #1 Well then you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: get on down there and East Fork comes from what they call Pittman Center you know and on that other end of the county. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And so the whole watersheds of the county from Sevierville back and from Sevierville {X} has to come into them two rivers. And it comes in {X} Sevierville. {D: And so that was in wonders} Servierville ain't been washed away. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now where's the pi- Little Pigeon what what does that run into? 025: It runs in the the Little Pigeon. Little Pigeon now it comes down the {D: two four} #1 going to # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Servierville it comes from down from #1 {D: Gatlinburg.} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: #1 And that's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: in and that #1 gets # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: this water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then where does the where does the Little Pigeon then flow to? 025: Well now that's Little Pigeon. East Fork Interviewer: Mm. 025: comes in over there under the Fred Atchley bridge #1 where you # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: cross #1 going to John Denton's # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: they both come together right there at them two bridges. #1 Right there is # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: where they run into one another. Interviewer: Do they flow into the French Broad then? 025: Yeah they go on into the French Broad. And then {C: background noise} the French Broad goes on into the what is it. There's a Knoxville, Holston. Interviewer: #1 Holston. # 025: #2 Hmm. # #1 East Tenne- east Tennessee or something. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # How far is the French Broad from here? 025: #1 Well the French Broad ain't too # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: far over there from John Denton's. #1 That's where the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Douglas Dam you #1 see the # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: French Broad River. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Now # 025: #2 French # Broad River comes out of out North Carolina would you believe that? Interviewer: Yeah yeah I would. {NW} 025: First time ever I went {X} we was coming back you know and {X} come on down through there through uh Murphy North Carolina and down through there and there's fella sitting there and I said what's the name of that river. He said that's French Broad. Oh I said that can't be French Broad. I said French Broad is over in my county. I said that river can't get across that {D: mountain.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And he said it does. He said that's French Broad. He said it goes right on and goes through Cocke County Sevier County and Jefferson County and right on into I don't know is that the Hudson River there you don't know #1 Knoxville well. # Interviewer: #2 Hol- Hol- # 025: #1 Holston River. # Interviewer: #2 Holston or # 025: #1 something. It # Interviewer: #2 It's the Holston yeah. # 025: goes in there and that river that down the street bridges over what ever that is. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: There's two or three rivers there. I #1 get 'em # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: mixed up. There's the Tennessee River #1 and the Holston # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: River. Interviewer: Now do they uh when you're talking about this low this kind of this low land where you where you grow hay uh did you ever call what would you call uh that kind of a field? 025: That's a meadow. We call them meadows. Interviewer: #1 And then uh uh # 025: #2 As an old man # told me one time. He said that's all Sevierville ever done said it {D: run the} biggest meadow. He said it {D: run} one of the finest meadows in the county. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 025: #2 {X} # You know Maryville. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 025: #2 You've # been through #1 Maryville. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Maryville's on high land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: You never notice that? Interviewer: Well I #1 I # 025: #2 It's on # higher land. Interviewer: {X} 025: Well now down here in Sevierville they couldn't have put Sevierville in a worse place. #1 Nowhere in # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: the county than right there where all them rivers comes #1 together. It's a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: thousand wonders it ain't be washed #1 away. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 025: And it's just become {X} Interviewer: Uh how about land that uh that has water standing on it all the time? 025: Them swamps. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 Like # they have down in Florida. {NS} Interviewer: Oh did have you if you have a swampy land and you want to cultivate it how do you how do you take care of that? 025: Well there's some of it you can't do nothing about. Some of it you can take bulldozers and backhoes and ditch it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Drain it and put in tile and that's one thing where they {D: sure they help us} out here. They see the g- in things like that the government will pay for some of it you see. Interviewer: Hmm. 025: And a lot of people will take and take them backhoes and clean that out and tile it and make good farm land out of it. Interviewer: Now uh. #1 {X} # 025: #2 In places # where they can. Interviewer: What do you call that thing that you cut with a backhoe? 025: Huh? Interviewer: That thing that you cut with a backhoe. That you? 025: Well that's ditching or something like that Interviewer: #1 {X} Would you call that a ditch or a or a? # 025: #2 or something like that. We call it ditching or draining. We # just call it a ditch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. uh 025: {X} Some of 'em's big and some of 'em's little. Interviewer: #1 Now do you call # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: call this a cove or a valley. Uh how about something smaller than this up in the #1 mountains? # 025: #2 Well # now that ain't what a cove is. Cove is a place just like this that's surrounded by #1 mountains. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: and when I was telling you the other day about {X} mountain. There's another little cove over there that's between two mountains. Well it's less than this one it's called the little cove. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But over yonder's Cades Cove. It's surrounded by mountains. It's a bigger place than Wears Valley it's Cades Cove. {NS} Interviewer: Did you know people from uh Cades Cove when you were uh growing up? 025: Well a very few. Very few. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: They used to come out over here where I got acquainted with 'em. Pe- they kept lots of cattle over there. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 Some # people from over in here would go and over there and buy there cattle and bring 'em out and some of them fellas would come out here and help 'em drive 'em and they'd get 'em to here you know and we always had plenty of room. And uh they'd stay all night. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Lock their cattle here and feed 'em you know. I knew a few not too many. Interviewer: Were they were they were they more were did those people keep to themselves more than the #1 {X} # 025: #2 No they was just like us # and everybody else. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But them people over there now course you don't understand if you's never over there. That was a great big cove. Well they had the whole Smoky Mountain back there between Tennessee and North Carolina #1 they could # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: pasture herd their cattle. Well people would go from here now people below John Denton's and people down in there in that {X} section they'd come through here with hundreds of cattle. And they nearly all be {X} and they'd stay all night here. We'd have {X} two or three acres and you have that full. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Well the next day they'd take them cattle and get into Cades Cove with 'em. Well the next day they'd take 'em on the mountain. Well they'd pay somebody so much a month or season to look after these cattle and sell them. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 I # guess the look much but they got paid for it. Then they'd go back about September October and get them cattle and bring 'em back. And uh then these Cades Cove people some of 'em made money that away looking after them cattle. Some of them made whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: and they and some of them they kept bees and they kept cattle And they had big orchards over there and they lived well. They done well. Mountain people lived well. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: They killed a lot of game and they fattened a lot of hogs and they fattened a lot of cattle and they raised their honey. They raised their other crops. You'd be surprised you oughta see that country. It's right up there under Smoky Mountain. Some it's just as level as this bottom land down here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now the uh something that's uh uh uh uh just a little rise in a land what would you call that? {X} The land is flat. 025: Well they call that rolling land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: You take right up here above the {X} that it wouldn't be rolling that ain't steep enough. But land that's you know you just barely can get over it with a mowing machine or something they call that rolling land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you call that uh those hills? 025: No it's just if you can farm it it's just rolling land. But now hills would be you take uh you can get over it if it's cleared off over yonder by my son-in-law's. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 {X} # there that's my field over there. And you go up there and up on top of this hill it's flat. when you get over on yonder you can see it coming up the road. It's it's steep but you know in a place or two there you can't get over it with a mowing machine. That's called rolling #1 land. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # How about a a channel cut by erosion in a field what would you call that? 025: {NW} Well now I don't know just what the proper name. Most people would call that uh {D: ditch that out.} They'd say ditch it out or cut it #1 out. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Would you do you call that a gully? 025: Well now a gully's not that. A gully is a piece of land like up here on the hill or up higher that's where the land's been cultivated and where it's water started down and and r- and run. You can take a place like that and and take where you've turned it with a turning plow and leave a furrow open and you can let that go from years to years {D: and directly} there will be a ditch there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: It's a gully to start with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 025: And after a while it's a big ditch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Maybe behind your head there's one up here. My neighbors up here {NW} and uh that ditch is I guess in places it's twelve fifteen feet deep. And I've heared my grandpa say that's where that started from. Said that a man quit plowing there and just had a they call 'em back furrows you know and that would leave out, take a turn, plow would leave a great big {D: plain.} He said the water got started down there and never did stop and it made that big ditch. {D: well these places are} ten or twelve feet deep. Interviewer: Do you have things up in the mountains they call ravines? 025: Yeah. Interviewer: What how is that different? 025: Well now them ravines the way I'd understand 'em just something that {D: can be higher something on} #1 you can # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: stand here and look at 'em. #1 You could # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: You can look at that mountain {X} Seen it all of my life. you can look at that mountain from here and there's things then you go on up here two or three miles and then you can go on up a little further and there's things that you can see from up there that you can't see here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: #1 That's funny. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Yeah # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah. What are the names of the mountains here? 025: #1 Well now that's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: Cove Mountain. And this is over on this side the Hatchers all lived over there. That's called the Hatcher Mountain. And that's just the Cove Mountain #1 over there. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: That's the big mountain. And the land on this side of the cove that's {D: spread} from that big uh mountain is a whole lot better land. That #1 land # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: over there is sandy land. And it ain't near as good of land as land on that side next to this big #1 mountain. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: Had an old man come here one time from Union County and he bought a good farm up here and he said that the reason I wanted that farm he said I could have bought a farm somewhere else. But he said I's looking at that big mountain. He said land that's fed from that big mountain is richer land and it is. The land on that #1 side of the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: valley is a whole lot better than the land on this side. You can take that land over there and it's sandy and open land make or dig a well on it. If you dig a well you have to dig it now people used to dig 'em by hand. There's one fella that used to live here in my place and he bought this land {D: over I think he} dug five or six wells. And then he f- started at digging hand wells. Then he got these uh well diggers {NS} and they finally made a trade with him. No water no money. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: They dug about three wells {D: before they ever got in one.} They dug that well and they had to {D: case it or something.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now would would do they have any of that that they ca- ever called that sandy land loam? 025: Well that'd b- I guess that's what you'd #1 call it. # Interviewer: #2 Do you have any # kind of land you call red bud land? 025: Any any what? Interviewer: Red bud land. 025: I never did #1 hear that. Now there's # Interviewer: #2 Or crawfish. # 025: red clay. Well now there's crawfish land. I've got that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: That's this bottom land where the crawfish {X} get in there you know and they'll just crawfish will dig out a great big hole {X} Interviewer: How about in the mountain a place where you'd be standing out there and it's just a sheer drop down there. What would you call that? 025: Well I don't know whether you'd call that a canyon or what you'd #1 call it. # Interviewer: #2 I mean # where you're standing though is it called like a cliff? A cliff a? 025: Cliff well that would be a cliff you know. Interviewer: Are there a lot of those around uh right in this? 025: No not as I know of right around here them cliffs them hollows you know is just deep hollows and some of 'em so steep you can't climb 'em. But them wouldn't be called cliffs. Cliffs as I've I've always understood was {X} big group of pile of rocks. Now these would be cliffs coming up Cove Creek. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Now when the water comes down is does as the water is running along and it suddenly drops down. What's that called? 025: Well I just don't know what the proper name for that would be. but now them waters comes down hollows #1 in low # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: places that water don't run off in them high places. They run off in them high places and run down the low places {D: in every} place like that. There's a hollow somewhere you look on #1 the Cove # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Creek. #1 There's a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: hollow #1 somewhere. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: When I here a few Sundays ago it come awful rain in the upper end of the valley. and didn't rain much here and the creek come down out the #1 banks. And # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: that evening me and my daughter-in-law {D: went on up there.} Well all where this erosion #1 or something # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: that comes from that #1 side. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: The water hits that. #1 There's # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: gotta be somewhere for that water to go and of course the water always hits the lowest places it can #1 come to # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: to run. Interviewer: Uh do they do they are there are there any large waterfalls on this side any large falls on this #1 side? # 025: #2 No # not that I know of. There are over in Cades Cove. They've got some falls over there in {X} called Abram Falls but I've never been to it. You have to walk #1 or ride something. # Interviewer: #2 Do you # call that though where the water where it just is it runs pretty fast and it's it's always uh {X} you call that white water or uh uh? #1 {X} # 025: #2 Well # out in the you mean where it runs #1 fast? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: That's swift water. We call that swift water. Interviewer: Okay. 025: That's what it gets when the creek gets up. The more water the faster it runs. #1 You can # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: {D: take a little ol' branch. Take enough of water in it.} Water a horse. #1 And let it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: come a rain and it will be waist deep. #1 Or maybe uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: places would be higher than that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Now the uh uh mr Denton was telling me yesterday about the the road building. When they have to work on the roads did you have to do that? #1 Did you have to do that? # 025: #2 Yeah I was overseer # for years and years {D: ever.} Wears Cove was laid off in three or four sections. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And the people from certain {D: so far here} worked this roads. Well I had one man that uh almost every two or three years they'd get another man you know and have {D: overseer driving that around.} Well that was his job to get out. He had to get out and go warn 'em and tell 'em that they's gonna work the road. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And uh they get 'em all there together and if they didn't work the road well they had to pay that or pay somebody #1 else to go. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: And if a man was just {NW} he had to work six days a year Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But if a man had a team they gave him three days with him and his team. #1 And I'd always # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: use a team maybe two teams and put mine in one day and a half. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: But uh these fellas are just didn't know nothing but their own labor had to put in six days or pay six dollars. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And uh you'd have about two mile I guess or something like that to the section. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And uh in the graders you'd pick three teams. They had these ol' horse graders that's what we used for graders. Now they've got bulldozers that's all we had is just ol' horse drawn graders. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And then they'd take their picks and shovels and keep the ditches opened #1 up you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # What kinds of roads did they build? #1 Were they were those what what # 025: #2 {X} Just those dirt # road. There's no rock on 'em and in bad places they'd go to where the sand come out up here. This Methodist church used to be an awful lot of sand in that branch there. Any more along this creek where you'd get to it they'd hold sand and put on them #1 bad # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: placing and rocks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: I've got a place over yonder I {X} {D: there} if it was dug down in there the rocks are deep as #1 mine or your # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: head if it was dug down #1 to it. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Just these low places #1 they just # Interviewer: #2 # 025: go through where ever they can find 'em and haul #1 rocks and # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: fill them holes up. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: And then cover 'em up with sand. #1 You could # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: get {X} of sand you know out of this creek and these branches. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 Especially # on this side of the #1 cove. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # {NS} When did uh um {X} Interviewer: {NS} when did they start uh uh paving the roads 025: well this road in here wasn't this here road that went this uh main highway was paved I mean back in my younger days and uh I guess they they built this main road through here in nineteen and thirty Interviewer: {NS} 025: and uh it wasn't a paved road it was just a gravel road you know and a gravel road here you've got all {X} Interviewer: yeah 025: and this road here was blacktopped in about nineteen hundred and sixty or #1 sixty # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: sixties when they built this this main road from then the other road now there's two or three sections of this road the other one was built up yonder I guess it's been a long back in the 40's or something before it was blacktopped 'til it comes over and then cut across but this main road here they they blacktopped a little a few years before that they got a little money and then blacktopped about a mile up here but when they built this road that's called a secondary road they built this road from up here to the forks of the road down yonder to where the red state see Interviewer: {NW} 025: and that was I guess it was in the early sixties I'd say sixty to sixty-two somewhere when it was blacktopped well then this cold creek road a few years ago for election scheme they blacktopped it just for election scheme to get a certain man elected you know give him credit Interviewer: uh huh 025: for having the road blacktopped Interviewer: uh huh 025: and uh I've traveled that road down through there when two cars couldn't pass without your backed up maybe as far as from here up the road there'd be a little switchbacks they called 'em you know that two cars could pass I know one day I took somebody down there in an old T model Ford and I come back and they got right down here where you go into the into the woods around there and met a fella down there with two fellas with a big truckload of cattle and one of the fellas had land in here just gonna haul him out well there we was and every one of us couldn't back Interviewer: {NW} 025: he couldn't back up him cattle and I could not I was too far away from a place the back Interviewer: uh huh 025: and they had me to drive that T model Ford I don't know there silly and we got by with it and they had me to drive that T model Ford just as high as I could drive and pull into the bank and they held it Interviewer: uh huh 025: well they two of them well them two held it 'til I got out Interviewer: #1 uh huh # 025: #2 then # when I got out me and the other one held it Interviewer: uh huh 025: 'til this fella drove his big truckload of cattle on by Interviewer: uh huh 025: and then he come back and uh he helped hold it 'til I got in and he got her down Interviewer: #1 I see # 025: #2 now that's # that's facts that's silly but it it we done it Interviewer: sure you got all of you got your work 025: we done it Interviewer: good work you well it worked 025: little old T model Ford you know didn't take her too much wrong Interviewer: sure 025: there wasn't more I don't guess than I don't know five feet wide or something like that Interviewer: what would you call uh that like this uh the road or this this thing that comes right after your house here 025: eh we just call that a lane or something or other something like that Interviewer: okay #1 and the place in town # 025: #2 driveway # #1 or whatever # Interviewer: #2 sorry # 025: it'd be a driveway or a lane at least we used to call things like that a lane but now you'd call it a driveway and that's all that can be it just comes out here to the house and that's it people get mistaken you know there's a real turn just go straight across and goes up there up that hill about a mile Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 people would get # confused and come out here and turn around when they find out they can't get no further than Interviewer: #1 that's true # 025: #2 than the house # they'll turn around and go back never say a word or some of 'em would Interviewer: they've uh the things that you want in town you can they uh the next to the street and walk on the 025: the sidewalks Interviewer: yeah uh have you ever seen in town those places where there's grass between the sidewalk and the street the little 025: between the what? Interviewer: well between the here if the sidewalk is here and then and then there's maybe oh three or four feet of grass and then the before you get to the street 025: no I wouldn't say nothing in Sevier county Interviewer: okay uh 025: #1 you know I've never # Interviewer: #2 if you ever # 025: seen it Knoxville nor Maryville Interviewer: okay uh now when you drink coffee with uh and you and you put nothing in it what do you call that 025: call it black coffee Interviewer: uh huh do you ever use the expression barefooted? 025: yeah Interviewer: how what how does that 025: well that's just coffee and a little sugar no cream no nothing in it course the which a lot of people now I drink cream and sugar and have all of my life but I've had an uncle that he'd drink her just as black as they made it Interviewer: {NW} 025: and that's barefooted with nothing in it Interviewer: {NW} 025: pure black coffee Interviewer: uh huh okay uh if 025: and he'd get up on that coffee I don't know I might be telling you things Interviewer: no I 025: be telling you things that you didn't want to know Interviewer: go ahead 025: he's talking bout this coffee people used to fox hunt on a lot they'd take their coffee and take 'em an old can bucket and they'd go in these mountains you know and uh fox hunt and lay out up here all night and build 'em up far and let their dogs run foxes said there's an old man {X} out here bout two or three times and I guess it was the truth they said they had to boil that coffee and said this old man can drink it hotter than anybody and they said he took it right off the fire I don't believe it but they told and said that he took a big sip of it and said it got to burn him and said he squirted it out on his hound and said it burnt the hair off Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 his hound # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 I'll never believe that # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 some of 'em # can drink it hotter than others you know Interviewer: {NW} and that was that's really dramatic uh you know what would you call a dog that you couldn't that that uh really you couldn't couldn't wasn't much good for hunting or anything just uh 025: oh I don't know what you'd {X} call 'em it's cause like I told you yesterday about that boy dog that ain't worth a thing in the world only just than to eat Interviewer: uh huh 025: I don't know what you'd call 'em just a no count dog I reckon Interviewer: okay and then when they uh uh how long would they have a blacksmith here in uh in the valley 025: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 was there a # 025: the last blacksmith the good blacksmith died I guess 5 6 years ago there ain't no blacksmith anymore I noticed the other day in the county people {X} shoe horses just cause these fellas were riding these horses in them but they have to be shod there ain't enough horses in {X} anymore but the last blacksmith in was like sharpening your tools for you and things you know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 fella # here at the forks of the road he was an awfully good blacksmith I don't know he's been dead I guess 4 5 years and he's got a boy up here that could do a little blacksmithing but not much Interviewer: {NW} 025: them days when I was a boy everybody had a shop and bell and a certain handle and hammers and things they'd sharpen their plows and their mattocks and their tools you know Interviewer: did you ever do that yourself 025: I've done a little of it never was good at it Interviewer: tell me about it how with the with the uh shoeing how how that's done 025: well in the first place your shoes come your shoes then you took 'em and you turned 'em and you had to sometimes close 'em and sometimes those little horses feet was just like my and your feet they ain't all alike Interviewer: uh huh 025: and uh they had to get 'em red hot and they had the rambler and their hammer and their tongs and they'd turn them and put them corks on them then where the nails went on them hold all had to be opened up they wasn't big enough for nails and then they'd take a punch and open them nails up then when they got that done well they'd take the horses foot and then take a drawing knife that was a thing with two handles I've got one out there and a rasp and they'd cut that foot down and then they'd rasp it and smooth it and get it level and then they'd put them shoes on and each side had 4 nails and they drove that in the hoof now they would a blacksmith had to know how to do it or he'd get into the quick you know it'd be like your fingernail Interviewer: yeah 025: see your fingernail I have that black part of my fingernail and cut it off Interviewer: #1 uh huh # 025: #2 you'd # get up above that you couldn't well they had to stay within ramp a blacksmith or man knowed horses know where that was there's ring around her you couldn't move back that ring sometimes they'd quick 'em and they'd have to take the shoe off Interviewer: uh huh 025: and they'd put them four nails in there and they'd drive them in there and them nails would come out up here they had the nails you know the nails just made in a way that they would come out Interviewer: {NW} 025: then they took the hammer and they took them off and then took the clippers and cut 'em off and then they'd put a piece of iron up there and then they'd clinch 'em Interviewer: uh huh 025: and then for horse who had a good tough foot they'd stay on there sometimes 'til it wore out but sometimes the foot'd grow out and they'd have to put 'em back a second time Interviewer: now you said you kept you've been calling them the feet but they're really 025: they're just hooves a horse would just Interviewer: yeah 025: get the hooves you know Interviewer: you ever played a game pitching those 025: yeah you take them old shoes or you take new ones now that there's a boy here that course you don't know much about horseshoes I don't guess but he had uh showed me some he used to work for hardware he live over here in Maryville now but we raised him here and he had he'd went and bought four of 'em he stayed we'd worked down there the hardware and they was selling out and they sold him them well an ordinary horse with a good foot would would use about a number 4 horseshoe well that boy's got some down there that they're number 8's biggest ones they used them now they had horseshoes up here on the little river that had feet that big and them 8's is as big as that Interviewer: uh huh 025: #1 now about old horseshoe # Interviewer: #2 {NW} uh huh # 025: I have one that I could show you if you wanna seen it Interviewer: like those horses that they uh 025: them northern horses have bigger feet if they was western horse they'd get them big ship 'em here a lot of 'em and they love them mountains up there Interviewer: Clydesdale's have great big feet 025: huh? Interviewer: Clydesdale's the kind that Bud- 025: #1 well these here they're big # Interviewer: #2 -weiser, see they pull beer trucks, the beer, beer wagon # 025: western horse and they shipped horses Interviewer: I guess that we're about uh about cattle and so forth and when a when a cow is about to give birth you'd say say the cow is going to 025: well we'd just say she's gonna have a calf that's just about it Interviewer: would you ever use drop a calf or come fresh? 025: well that's people talk about their cows you know and when a cow goes and cry you know before she has her calf and then the women'd talk about how our cows are gonna be fresh in a few days Interviewer: {NW} 025: well then when they're fresh and they'd let 'em go for about 2 weeks and then they'd go saving their milk again Interviewer: I see um 025: or they'd say a cow she's gonna drop a calf any day you know Interviewer: uh huh 025: something like that that that's just a old saying through here Interviewer: uh how did you you um call your cows in from the pasture 025: sook sook sook Interviewer: and how about to make 'em stand still at milking time 025: well there's different ways to do that some of 'em would stand still Interviewer: uh huh 025: you'd have to get 'em in the barn or somewhere or another and Interviewer: might you ever say anything 025: #1 I have # Interviewer: #2 to 'em # 025: had 'em so bad you'd have to maybe tie 'em up you gotta learn a cow to milk some's gentle and some ain't never gentle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: and uh my wife's got a little old heifer here she got the calf young and she had her calf young and it come had to tuck away from her dad well she's got gentle and it was right out there and one of them wants to that's thing's got milk said I'm gonna out there and she went out there and just milked her right off the path first p- first time she's ever got the milk Interviewer: is that right 025: and you've got to learn 'em Interviewer: what do you say might you say to a cow to make her stand still when you're gonna milk her 025: make her feed her give her some bran Interviewer: do you ever say anything to her 025: well well pet 'em {X} was here you know I never did have patience enough to fool with one to get her gentle my wife'd always break 'em into milking her or something else Interviewer: #1 ever say ever say {X} uh huh # 025: #2 i have but there wasn't {X} bout it # say so or something like that you know and Interviewer: and 025: pat 'em and be good to 'em you can't you couldn't do much with a cow by whooping her Interviewer: {NW} 025: some people didn't have no more judgment than you know and they'd jump on 'em and kick 'em and beat 'em Interviewer: sure 025: that don't help that just makes 'em worse you've got to be good to a cow Interviewer: do you call calves differently 025: huh Interviewer: do you call a calf in a different way from the pasture 025: a calf Interviewer: or yeah 025: no they're just a calf 'til they get up so big and then they're called yearlings when they get a year old or a calf 'til they're a year old or then they're yearlings Interviewer: how about a call to horses to get 'em in from the pasture 025: well you just culp Interviewer: {NW} 025: say culp culp Interviewer: and a call to horses or mules to make 'em turn left and right 025: that was yee and haw Interviewer: did you ever do you ever use that with um with uh could you do that with with you could do that with both mules and and horses 025: you could take 'em my granddad had to do it with mares when I was a boy and you could plow them old mares without anybody Interviewer: {NW} 025: get a mare in that garden and you know and have how many rows and he could plow or a corn fields and there's one of 'em old mares he could plow without any bridle she'd just know gee and haw just as good as right and left Interviewer: {NW} 025: right was gee and left was haw Interviewer: how about to get a horse started when it's standing still 025: get up Interviewer: and to make a horse uh after it's going you want to keep her going 025: stop him Interviewer: yeah 025: you wanna stop him you say whoa Interviewer: okay and then how about if you wanted to get the horse to uh to uh back into a buggy 025: when you're done that you be you better be your lines Interviewer: uh huh 025: you didn't say much you just pull back on your lines cut him anyway you haven't bit you see you cut him anyway you wanted to go you just done a horse and a buggy just like you do a car Interviewer: uh huh or if a horse was uh uh did you ever did you ever back a horse up in one of these uh {NW} the uh the only time you back a horse up is when you're when you're 025: when you wanna turn around or something Interviewer: yeah 025: well you don't need to back it when you're going straight Interviewer: uh huh and you only say 025: you've got to turn you know now you take out here where you turn your car you want to turn a wagon just do it just like you do your car Interviewer: and you just do that by pulling the lines 025: pulling the lines Interviewer: now what do you say to pigs how'd you call call the hogs at feeding time 025: I only just {NW} I don't know just call say how did you do that I know the cows was sook I don't know you just call 'em then learn some different thing I don't know what the proper thing'd be Interviewer: #1 well it's it's # 025: #2 to call the hog # Interviewer: either sooey or 025: sooey well sooey that'd be to scare 'em sooey is to scare 'em away Interviewer: I see how about calls to sheep 025: well I don't know if there's any particular way I would wanna do that Interviewer: do you know if they ever said coo sheepie have you ever heard that 025: #1 well no # Interviewer: #2 in the valley # 025: you can just call a sheep most anyway you wanted to Interviewer: how about calls to chickens 025: well that was just the same way I don't know what you would just'd say to chickens chick chick chick Interviewer: okay 025: something like that maybe maybe come you could learn of course you could learn chicken or anything has to walk Interviewer: when you're getting uh getting a horse ready to to plow you have to do what do you have to do to it do you have to put put on the 025: yeah you've got to put his first thing you do is put the bridle on it and the next thing you do is put the collar on it and the next thing you do you put your harness on it Interviewer: {NW} 025: and then you hook him to whatever you're going to pull and you say get up and he goes Interviewer: okay 025: when you want him to stop you say whoa sometimes they listen at you and sometimes they won't Interviewer: uh huh now when you're uh when you're riding a saddle horse do you call those lines too or do you call them something else 025: that's a bridle a bridle with reins on it Interviewer: alright and the things you put your feet in 025: that's the stirrups Interviewer: and when you're plowing with uh two horses what do you call the horse on the left the one that walks in the furl 025: I know the one on the left you call him on the high side or in the ferry side Interviewer: {NM} 025: people plowed then you'd put that left hand horse in the prairie and then the and the left would be ha and they'd talk about I don't know where you'd ever hear it or not people'd till their land in different ways you'd take that piece of garden there {X} my granddad wouldn't pull the land out he'd pull it in Interviewer: {NM} 025: and uh if you wanted to pull the land in you'd start it in the middle Interviewer: {NM} 025: then when you got up yonder turn left and come back and pull that furrow up and then come back but if you wanted to that was a haw land and if you wanted to pull a gee land you'd pull your land out you'd tuck around it and and went plum round the whole field you see Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 {X} yeah # Interviewer: call that the haw horse 025: haw land Interviewer: haw land 025: yeah and they'd had to pull turn to the left Interviewer: uh huh 025: well if you wanted to go round down the fall of the year when we after we'd plant corn or get our corn or sow wheat as a general rule we'd take that and fill it that outside you know Interviewer: {NW} 025: come together in the middle go plum around the field and uh but you had if you didn't well you'd have your land the big whole the big midge in the middle if you didn't bell to change it but on the outside you see you could turn and that last prairie would let the water drain off Interviewer: I see. Did you ever- 025: do that with this garden here and the water'd drain across the road right there there's a little puddle of water there yesterday you know I mean you went out there Interviewer: did you ever call that horse the lead horse 025: yeah Interviewer: did you ever here it called the haul horse #1 or the high horse # 025: #2 well that's # the lead horse you'd call that the lead horse or the haul the horse on the on the left to be the high horse you wouldn't Interviewer: okay 025: call it much but it's it always that'd be your lead horse if you had two horses you'd put the gentleman in the lead Interviewer: uh okay 025: and then he'd take care of the other one Interviewer: I see now then if a horse if if a man is is uh is if if someone's just standing here and he fell this way you'd say he was falling 025: backwards Interviewer: and if he fell this way 025: gone forwards it's called thataways called sideways Interviewer: right okay alright uh and then um uh the uh the what uh when you talk about planting whatever um whatever you uh say corn or something or or let's say wheat say we raised a big 025: crop you've got all about everything now but one thing you've Interviewer: #1 okay well could you # 025: #2 never touched # Interviewer: tell us 025: part with the fireman #1 in the old uh # Interviewer: #2 what's that # 025: there's the seasons and the signs Interviewer: oh okay 025: and the moon #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 now tell me a little about that # you wanna tell me a little about that I tell me a little about that 025: well you never you never got onto it I don't know Interviewer: yeah go ahead 025: you take all it out certain times you know in the moon to Interviewer: uh huh are those related to the months of the year or the days or anything 025: no it just went with the signs do you know anything about the #1 signs # Interviewer: #2 no # 025: well let me show you some Interviewer: well just tell me 025: I can learn you a whole lot and you can learn me some things Interviewer: okay 025: wait a minute but I'll show you about them now that was a great um thing that they {X} Interviewer: uh huh 025: well I just thought about that yesterday you gone over everything but that Interviewer: okay tell me a little bit about this 025: well now here you are your luck well you look here for the sun or the moon shows you where the moon fulls Interviewer: uh huh 025: the moon fulls well it hits it don't shine Interviewer: uh huh 025: when its new it shines Interviewer: {NW} 025: now you'll see here the seasons these one whatever that is there Interviewer: uh huh 025: and uh you know the Bible speaks about the signs and the seasons Interviewer: {NW} 025: people a lot of people these here are Aggie country people don't pay no attention to that but the things there that works I've been raised to it and it works Interviewer: tell me about some of that uh the 025: well now for instance if you plant a uh uh some corn in a rich place and plant it on the new of the moon when the sign's in the head or the neck that corn grow up yonder and it'll stay straight up and it'll grow so high that you can't reach it to get it and the st- and the st- the ear will stay straight up won't hardly ever turn down when you plant corn then when the sun is down lower that corn won't grow so high and in the fall of the year when corn gets ripe that ear will turn down so the water won't run in it then when you get ready to gather it uh now that's nature this this this'll turn down the point of the hand of the ear of corn will turn down and you see that shuck and that water that ear of corn will just the same as in the dry it'll stand there all winter and not damage Interviewer: uh huh 025: and uh but if you plant it on the new of the moon and the signs in the head or the neck that'll grow so high in rich ground some more you can put it around where it'd been manure you can't reach it Interviewer: what other signs are there that 025: well now you'd taken a people are hauling out their stable manure Interviewer: uh huh 025: you'd haul that out on the new of the moon if you wanted to turn it Interviewer: uh huh 025: but if you didn't aim to turn it under you hauled it on the old of the moon you'd haul that on the old of the moon that manure would go in the ground you put it there on the new of the moon it stayed there all summer it wouldn't go in the ground Interviewer: uh huh 025: and people that could would try to cut their hay on the new of the moon if you cut the hay on the new of the moon it wouldn't lay so tight to the ground Interviewer: uh huh 025: and it would cure quicker and it'd be fluffy I have cut hay on the old of the moon and you and shock it up in shocks before I'd get the bailing hay and it'd be so just like a {X} you couldn't stick a fork in it Interviewer: uh huh 025: We'd hauling down there one time and my uncle was a helping and I said what tomorrow they say I said you can't get a fork in it well he then some words he'd say you know and say oh hell they said you cut it on the on the old of the moon now I said the moon's new tomorrow or the next day he said you cut some next week see the difference when I cut some the next week you know it had just stayed there 'til you can't hardly pack it on the wagon Interviewer: uh huh now were there anything that you that you that uh any other signs other than the new of the moon was was there a was there a 025: well now them signs I they start in the head and go into the feet Interviewer: uh huh 025: and you wanted to plant uh say Irish potatoes if you plant the Irish potatoes on the new of the moon and they'd stay right on top of the ground used to people's chickens would run up and eat 'em up Interviewer: #1 mean is it like # 025: #2 you got # plant Irish taters on the new of the moon and the signs were down in the thighs the legs the feet well they'll just ridge 'em up and they would just stay down there in the ground same way with with a lot of things had a fella told me one time said you dig a post hole and he's telling how to build a fence said build that dig that post hole on that new old of the moon well now people when they laid these old crooked rail fence were they laid them on the new of the moon Interviewer: uh huh 025: because they wouldn't go down Interviewer: did did 025: now that'll work I don't care what people tells you it'll work Interviewer: okay now how about do you do anything is is are any of these good signs like the lines in the thighs and the legs and the arms 025: well there's a sign there to plant a lot of things they's a there's a certain time I don't know when it is there's a certain time I used to know my wife I guess she'd know you plant beans in a certain sign and them beans won't run a stick no they won't run cone they would just lay on the ground Interviewer: uh huh 025: then you plant 'em at another time why they'll just run fences or anything now that that works now that's a we've tried it Interviewer: uh huh 025: you just lay there on the ground them beans will and rot Interviewer: can you think of any other examples of that uh of experiences you've had with the signs at work 025: well I've had all kinds of signs I was raised on 'em Interviewer: #1 sure # 025: #2 I read # and I followed 'em Interviewer: uh huh 025: we used to cover all of our buildings with uh boards well you cover a a building with boards on the new of the moon now that this is evident stuff I I know it to be fact them boards will turn up right in the middle and it won't last long and the water and the wind will blow the water in under them Interviewer: uh huh 025: and you take uh now we've got some old boards and we all just put 'em on the new uh old of the moon you lay 'em on the old of the moon and they'll lay flat they'll never turn up at the edges Interviewer: {NW} 025: they'll stay right there for 40 years good {X} Interviewer: {NW} 025: and I've seen houses where it hadn't been built long but they'd been covered on the new of the moon and then they just them boards just turns up in the middle Interviewer: uh huh 025: well now use to people to fish catch red worms you go out here and you can lay down two planks you can lay one down on the new of the moon and you can lay another down on the old of the moon that plank that you lay down on the old of the moon where the moon is full there you can get red worms um that fish with or you take out the other it'll turn up at both ends and it'll never lay down flat Interviewer: is that right 025: now I that that's that's not hearsay Interviewer: that's interesting 025: but a lot of people'd make fun of you and laugh at you well now when people trim their cattle or castrated them or they would try to do that on the old of the moon because they never did bleed so bad well they'd dehorn them my uncle used to have clippers and he'd go around Gatlinburg and back up in there when people'd have lots of cattle he'd always go on the new of the moon and I've learnt that from experience a cow dehorning a cow or cutting a calf bleed they won't bleed on the old of the moon like they do on the new of the moon and same with pulling your teeth Interviewer: is that right 025: they won't they just won't bleed so bad Interviewer: would a particular uh particular sign or just the new of the moon or was that like something like uh the uh the head or the 025: well well the moon there if you notices it moves the moon changes every other month Interviewer: sure 025: and then there's the quarters and then it Interviewer: yeah it looks like about couple days there's a different uh sign 025: well now the signs'll last probably two or three days or Interviewer: #1 yeah # 025: #2 starts # in the head and goes down into the neck and then into the arms and then on down into the bowels and then into the hip legs thighs and then into the feet Interviewer: anything any other anything else that he's talking about planting anything about harvesting the #1 {X} # 025: #2 no # no people don't pay no too much attention to that Interviewer: {NW} 025: it's just harvesting when they get to can Interviewer: it's mainly planting 025: it's mostly in planting Interviewer: {NW} 025: #1 now # Interviewer: #2 is there any # 025: these agriculture fellas these county agents they just laugh at you Interviewer: {NM} 025: when you talk about uh cutting your cash and things talking about planting uh this fella says we plant when the signs are there says we plant in the ground we don't plant in the signs Interviewer: uh huh but you've done this all your life though 025: been doing it all my life it works Interviewer: {NW} 025: it works if you stayed here long enough I'd show you that it did work Interviewer: {X} 025: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 No I I believe you # I I'd just like to know more about it that's all if you could tell me some other some other examples I 025: well now I don't know I could tell you {X} these things you know I don't think it'd come to me that fast Interviewer: sure 025: but uh that was the way about the hay and the and the corn Interviewer: anything anything special with with any other crops how about some of the the other kinds of vegetables 025: well now whenever we used to we paid no attention just you know sewing oats or wheat and stuff like that but we did in planting corn I know one time when I was a boy my granddaddy lay off his you don't it's hard to explain to you when you don't know much about farming Interviewer: sure 025: and uh they would lay off these rows 4 feet each ways each way and then you could plow your corn that way both ways Interviewer: uh huh 025: and I know one time we planted this corn we planted behind and cover it with a hoe and uh this corn just curled up and uh wouldn't come up out of the ground and we had to go over that whole field and take rake hoes and knock that crop off Interviewer: uh huh 025: and he said that he looked and he had planted it in the sign's in the bowels Interviewer: {NM} 025: he said that is what is the matter with it he said planted it in the signs and the bowels and it wouldn't come up Interviewer: uh huh 025: then I know my grandma would plant a lot of beets and she'd try to plant them beets in the sign's in the heart they'd be redder #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 the beans would b- # 025: beets would be redder when they's planted in the sign's in the heart than it was when it was planted somewhere else Interviewer: {NM} 025: now that worked that worked and I'd a woman told me when {X} your onions you had to be awful careful with 'em or they'd all rot we used to raise lots of onions and this woman said don't never gather put your onions up in the sign is in the heart he said we's pull a {X} up and she said neighbors come along he said don't never pull your onions up said them'll all rot said wait 'til the signs is in the heart and she said they took them in and said they all rot said the next week or so said they pull the rest of 'em up and the signs was in the out of the heart and said that never none of 'em rot Interviewer: is that right did they ever do anything with breeding animals 025: no we used to have to breed animals when they come in Interviewer: I see okay and also 025: whole moon new of the moon signs whatever Interviewer: okay and uh 025: #1 they just come in ever so often # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah but uh # but now there was some there was some example of of of the onions of of of uh putting in those onions that wasn't planting them was it that was uh 025: well that was uh pulling 'em up you know when they got ripe you had to pull 'em up you know and let 'em dry out Interviewer: anything with anything with poultry uh signs related to 025: no I don't know where that ever happened to poultry Interviewer: uh huh 025: I'd heard a old timer say {X} on the new of the moon it'd grow faster than it did on the old but I don't know if that works or not but I do know these other things about the beans and the planting and then the manure and the boards Interviewer: anything with fruit trees um with signs 025: no I course I answer to then try to set these fruit trees my granddad set out all he set a lot of 'em try to set them on the old of the moon they because they would stay deeper in the ground Interviewer: {NW} what kinds of fruit trees did they 025: oh just different kinds he had orchards he owned big boundary of land over yonder Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 he had {X} a # all over the side of that mountain and them days they had mostly Sour Jons and Irelands and things like that and old apple wine saps now then there a lot of them old apples you can't you take for instance Sour Jons everybody knows what a was Sour Jon was even a child Interviewer: {NM} 025: made apple butter and jellies and Sour Jon Interviewer: {NW} what kinds of um uh uh what do you call that uh the center part of an egg 025: the yellow Interviewer: okay do you ever call that anything else 025: I don't know the yellow and then the whites the yolk Interviewer: uh huh the white's the yolk 025: it's the way I've always known Interviewer: okay um and then the uh uh stuff that people use to make bread rise 025: yeast Interviewer: okay and if you put an egg in water for 3 minutes that's uh 025: well I don't know much about cooking I don't know how long it takes egg to boil put a egg whole in water or you can take egg and get what you call a poaching egg you know you have to break it and drop it in the water and that'll cook there I guess in 3 minutes cause the water's hot enough Interviewer: okay now the uh uh uh what different kinds of um uh we're talking the the um the center the uh the center of a cherry that hard thing in the cherry what's that called 025: well that's the seed or maybe call it the pit I believe they called it but it's the seed that's what it really is Interviewer: how bout of a peach 025: well that's a seed Interviewer: and what uh the kind of a peach that separates easily 025: well that's the opened a cling peach a cling peach it won't hardly separate from the seed but them open I call 'em open something or another Interviewer: is it open stone or open 025: #1 open stone # Interviewer: #2 seed # 025: open stone you can just cut the peach in two you know and it don't none of it stick to the seed Interviewer: and the uh the center of an apple is uh 025: core Interviewer: and the nuts that grow underground I don't know if they grow 'em around here but 025: what Interviewer: uh nuts that grow underground P- oh you don't goobers goobers peanuts 025: oh yeah that's peanuts and things like that they used to have a thing here and they called artichokes they grow under the ground Interviewer: is that a nut 025: turnips they don't grow you know part of 'em grow in the ground part of 'em stayed on top you know Interviewer: what other kinds of nuts did uh 025: well I don't know what you mean {X} Interviewer: how bout the kind yeah what were you saying 025: I have a walnut cherry Interviewer: {NW} 025: and I have a big hickory nut grew there along the creek and another thing down in there that grows that uh is um well I mean what do you call them now they're a little nut and uh who got a pecan tree out there we sure don't want pecans there that grow down your way and direction Interviewer: yeah 025: having to stop down there and buy 'em Interviewer: walnuts when walnuts grow that that big green thing on the outside 025: that's the hull but you see when that hull dry up and you take it off and hull 'em Interviewer: yeah and what's underneath there that hard thing 025: that's the kernels then under that shell Interviewer: the part that you have to break with the hammers and 025: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # alright now we talked a little bit about vegetables uh yesterday but would you just kind of give me a a general rundown of the kinds of vegetables that you've grown on your farm just just go ahead 025: well Interviewer: #1 and especially when # 025: #2 we'd start # back in the old onion days the old potato onions and we'd start in the fall of the year when all of us sold a bunch of turnips about this time in the year you know and uh we'd always have a late crop of beans this time in the year takes beans about well whatever time summer come earlier than other years you have to get them beans off find a bean that'll get off in 90 days or something like that before frost Interviewer: {NM} 025: and then we'd plant that whole garden a true half acre and these old potato onions and when they got off well we'd plant something else always plant the beans and beets and peas and whatnot you know whatever you want Interviewer: uh now the kinds of beans that your wife's been canning what uh some of the names of those we were taking about 025: well I laid a whole there's a hundred there's dozens of different kinds of names but them big long pretty green beans that she had out there yesterday they was McKasleys they're a stick bean you grow 'em on a stick you have to stick 'em Interviewer: {NM} 025: well them others there that she had canned was uh was uh a short bean half runners they called 'em they're short not as long as these other and uh then when I was a well I don't see none of them anymore they was awful good beans to peddle on and to sell they called 'em Kentucky Wonders there's a big long bean Interviewer: was that a green bean or 025: yeah the other's a stick bean and the tender bean now there's a tender bean and a hull bean a tough hull a tough hull bean there's a bean that you've got to shell 'em it's like you know them you seen out there yesterday they're a tough hull you can't hardly cook 'em and eat 'em an old tough bean Interviewer: do you call those tender beans green beans 025: #1 tender beans # Interviewer: #2 soft # 025: is the general rule to stick beans they grow on sticks use to people grow them in corn but you don't do that anymore you just graze 'em and you some people sticks 'em on sticks and some fix a string for 'em to run up used to I'd plant 'em through here and have a string that run from here to the garden and then I'd tie a string you could tie a string down here round that bean and then tie that string up here to string that you had on poles through there and it'd grow up that string and they'd hold 'em Interviewer: how bout the large yellowish green beans that you have to shell kind of yellow flat 025: that must be the kind that sh- she had out there the other day they call shelly beans Interviewer: uh huh is that the same thing as uh a butter bean 025: no a butter bean's flat bean Interviewer: uh huh and they um uh these things would grow on vines you put a stick in the ground its a kind of a big red thing 025: that you must mean tomatoes tomatoes you're talking about Interviewer: yeah what about the little ones 025: well they call them tomatoes the little ones now that these thing eh you've got to understand these little tomatoes is volunteers you take a little tomato while seeds are still down and they come up they're them little tomatoes some of 'em make very {X} and some of 'em will get to be as big as hen egg and uh they're called tomatoes but they're volunteer stuff Interviewer: {NW} 025: you can get the seed out of 'em and plant 'em and you can yet have 'em but uh they're but you know people'd throw out seeds and you'd get out somewhere or another and you'd find a vine of them in different place well you were talking the other day about finding the vines somewhere out here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: and uh they grow them little ones but you can sew them seeds and still get the little ones but ain't nobody wants to fool with 'em little ones you know children likes 'em I like 'em I'd rather have the little tomatoes are the big in and some of 'em are big from a big {X} hen eggs Interviewer: now the kind would you call all of those those those tender beans though are the all of those kind that you that you don't have to shell would you call those all green beans 025: uh I'd go yeah that'd be green beans tender beans they'll all you can take any kind of a bean and they'd grow up and get ripe and shell it Interviewer: A-huh 025: get them shelly beans out of it you'd take these beans you'd buy you know pintos and them they'd use them thrash them out with some i don't know thrashing machine you know and clean 'em Interviewer: you wouldn't call uh a butter bean a shelly bean 025: well I think that's what they're supposed to be to be hulled and eat that way they're a flat bean I don't know how I don't normally ever eat any of 'em dry but I bought 'em we don't never raise 'em but I have bought 'em you know butter beans Interviewer: on the top of a cornstalk that thing you take off is the 025: that thing on the top is a tassel Interviewer: and then on the on the ear itself 025: that's uh that's the silk Interviewer: and when you eat the corn right on the cob what do you you call that 025: roasting ear Interviewer: okay now some these are some things that grow on the ground um they um uh different kinds of things well some of the big orange things grow right on the ground 025: that's cantaloupes I guess you're talking about Interviewer: okay uh now is there anything else like a cantaloupe 025: well nothing like a cantaloupe uh well watermelon here look like that they grow on the ground Interviewer: did you ever raise watermelon 025: we used to we don't anymore Interviewer: #1 what kind # 025: #2 we used to # Interviewer: you remember some of the some of the varieties 025: I don't know the difference of the names they're just watermelon you can get the seed here and yonder the different kinds of watermelon like everything else you know did did you raise any squash yeah Interviewer: what kinds 025: well there's different kinds of squashes there's a round there's squash sorta like a pumpkin only it's got a neck to it you know and then there's these these squashes you know they'd be about inside of some size of that you know on up to a wash pans big as that Interviewer: {NW} 025: I don't know what you call them it's different there's a lot of different kinds of squashes now Interviewer: how bout those big things the kids to Halloween they 025: that's pumpkins they'll grow as big as sometimes they'd grow awful big {X} so big you can't lift her Interviewer: now the the 025: these children want the little ones you know that they can handle for Halloween Interviewer: and these little things that grow on the right they come up after a rain and they look like little umbrellas 025: I don't know what you call them I know what you're talking about but I don't remember what you call them you ain't got no name for a Maggie Interviewer: well mushrooms or mushrooms or 025: yeah that well that's there's a lot of things that will come up after a rain mushrooms are what you mean I guess Interviewer: and then there's also a kind that's poison supposedly that you eat 'em you get sick 025: well them mushrooms I don't know some people cook mushrooms we never did Interviewer: #1 have you ever heard # 025: #2 they'll grow up # you know after a rain they'll come up overnight and then disappear Interviewer: have you ever heard of anything called either frog stools or toadstools 025: yeah Interviewer: which are those 025: well I've heared of toadstools that's something there a little something there that comes up sort of like like you're talking about the mushrooms they're different shapes Interviewer: A-huh 025: but they're not worth anything they just they some of these things you know will spring up after a rain overnight Interviewer: yeah 025: disappear Interviewer: now what do you call that that do you have that that bird around here that makes a hooting sound 025: that's a hoot owl Interviewer: and there's a smaller one that makes a 025: well they's they's uh two or three kinds of them little hooting owls they some of them scream big you know some of 'em smaller and uh them old big 'uns they're the one that get out here and holler and hoo hoo hoo hoo Interviewer: they have one that 025: then they some of 'em that ain't so big they call them there's a night owl they get out and holler at the night you know Interviewer: they're called a screech owl or a 025: screech owl yeah that's them smaller ones them's screech owls Interviewer: now how bout that bird that gets up on the tree and 025: pecks Interviewer: yeah 025: yeah well we call 'em pecker bugs and some call 'em {D: pegger} bugs and some woodchucks and one another they'd get to aggravate us to death here they got them pecking on the chimneys now they'll get they some of them they're redheaded you know and they'll make they're pretty they're just pretty as they can be but they'll aggravate you to death they'll ruin your house Interviewer: are those the ones you call woodchucks or uh 025: no we just call them little red headed pecker bugs now a woodchucks something like 'em there's two or three kinds here theres a big 'un and a little 'un them little 'uns don't give so much trouble them big one does this last spring my wife shot two in one shot Interviewer: is that right 025: four hundred and ten shotgun out there on that walnut three he was sitting up there pecking you know and I reckon she got them right in the opposite she got them both in one shot Interviewer: is that right your wife shot 025: yeah Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 four ten shotgun # Interviewer: #1 you told me yesterday # 025: #2 she through with a shotgun # Interviewer: {NW} you told me that yesterday yeah 025: pretty good with a shotgun Interviewer: {NW} 025: ain't shoot a pistol won't to do no good you shoot she pull the trigger Interviewer: that's terrific um this little animal that has a bad smell 025: that's a pole cat and if you ever smelled one they are a bad smell Interviewer: yeah I sure have. 025: can't stand them Interviewer: yeah uh they yeah what would you call a now this uh little animals that come around and get into your chickens and 025: well them's a there's different things that'll get in your chickens there's uh what you're talking about is a weasel Interviewer: uh huh 025: possums'll eat 'em up and we have to catch possums {X} chicken house they'll eat the chickens up around me but these old weasels they used to you know they're a little old funny looking thing they can get in the little hole Interviewer: do you ever call those a general name possums weasels all these things 025: eh there's just possums and weasels and Interviewer: call 'em varmints 025: varmints course it'd be varmints pests or something Interviewer: would you ever use the word varmints for talking about people 025: well I hear people call varmints you know Interviewer: uh huh {NW} yeah 025: that ain't no name for people that's just somebody saying you know varmint the varmint is some of these things you're talking about we're bothered by a lot of these stuff hell even minks come up this creek and uh the pole cats don't do so much trouble out here but you take on down the highway yonder you can go down there most any morning and you'll find them lame things they come here we can smell 'em but we don't never see 'em they don't come often but you can smell 'em you can smell 'em for a mile Interviewer: now how bout these little animals that run up trees 025: well they I don't know what you mean there unless it's flying squirrel ground squirrel I guess Interviewer: #1 what other what other kinds of # 025: #2 squirrels and gray squirrels # Interviewer: what other kinds of squirrels do they have 025: gray squirrels you know they're digging up peach you know they got big long bushy tails {NS} and uh they get every few years they get numerous one here they got so thick they'd come here and eat walnut trees they wouldn't kill them or come from the house but now little grandson over there he was several years ago he killed over a hundred over there on that hill and there along the creek they go where there's nuts Interviewer: what kind of squirrel is that 025: they're gray squirrels then there's another squirrel gray squirrel that's a little darker color and a little bigger than the gray squirrel they call 'em the fox squirrel Interviewer: uh huh 025: he's a little bigger and browner Interviewer: uh huh 025: instead of a gray it's a brown gray Interviewer: what about that kind that's only you only find it up in the mountains 025: well now these squirrels are just squirrel I reckon you'd find them well I don't know what you're talking Interviewer: you have one you call them boomer 025: yeah yeah well they's a boomer Interviewer: now how what's that how does that differ from an ordinary gray squirrel 025: well now there's some difference I don't know whether is I saw them or not but they're a squirrel something like a squirrel only they're different some way I don't know is ever I've seen one I reckon they grow mostly back on the mountains or something Interviewer: now these things that uh pearls are supposed to come in 025: what Interviewer: pearls you know that oy- 025: oh them's is oysters Interviewer: yeah now {X} Interviewer: Now how about these these little things that make a croaking noise? 025: Well what do you mean crickets or? Interviewer: Well these are these are larger things that make uh kind of uh uh there there you see them down at you find 'em down around the creeks and they they hop. 025: Grasshopper. Interviewer: Yeah well these are yeah but now these are things that they get pretty good size and you sometimes they eat 'em. They eat the legs. 025: Oh that's bullfrogs. Interviewer: Yeah now what other things are kind of like that the small ones that make a peeping #1 sound? # 025: #2 Well now # there's two kinds of frogs these old bullfrogs stays in the water and that's what you eat. #1 And then these # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: old toad frogs. Well they ain't sat around here I ain't seen none of 'em lately. {D: They just go around and} catch flies and they'll just sit there and eat them flies. If you don't catch 'em well they look like they're gonna bust. #1 And they'll # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: hop around hide around on the floors in the bath. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And uh these old bullfrogs they stay in the water now people will gig them {D: and uh they'll catch 'em.} #1 And eat # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: the hind legs that's all about 'em. I never did eat #1 none of 'em you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Seen 'em and caught 'em but I never would eat frogs. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: #1 My # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: grandmother used to eat mud turtles. Had 'em old turtles you know. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 {X} # Had a lot of good eating in them. They had white meat in 'em. #1 Their # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: necks and just like the breast of a chicken. She used to eat 'em. Interviewer: How about the kind that live on land what are they called? 025: What? Interviewer: Now the turtles that live on land. #1 Or do they? # 025: #2 {X} # Well now a lot of these lives on land but I don't know none of 'em ain't got another thing there that's a hard shell turtle that lives on dry #1 land. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 You ever # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: call that a terrapin or #1 terrapin? # 025: #2 That's a # terrapin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: People'll get them you know and they'll cut their names on 'em and then we find 'em in ten fifteen year {D: later.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now do you have a name for those those very small frogs that maybe you see 'em after a rain you #1 might see? # 025: #2 Them's # tree frogs. Little frogs {D: way up} in the trees. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. 025: They'll holler you know. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 Make # a racket. Interviewer: Now you talked about uh the crawfish before. The crawfish {D: you land.} Do you ever call them anything else besides crawfish? 025: Eh we ever call 'em crawdads. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Craw crawfish. Interviewer: And these little insects that you see flying things that fly around a lamp? 025: Uh them's a uh {D: some kind of flies I don't know what they're called. I know} what you're talking #1 about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: {D: You take in} summertime they can get all over. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 Electric # flies out #1 there. They # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: go to light. Millers or miller. Miller I believe #1 they call them. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And how about the kind that get in your clothes? 025: Them's moths. Interviewer: And this kind that light up at night? 025: That's butter that's uh uh {NW} butter. Lightning bugs you're #1 talking about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Lightning bugs. Interviewer: Now how bout that kind with a long thin body that you sometimes see 'em down and around the branches or the streams little streams that they have a long thin body with uh slender wings? They kind of hover #1 around. # 025: #2 Them be a # lizard. {X} Interviewer: No these are flying #1 things. # 025: #2 Oh # I don't know it unless it'd be butterflies. Interviewer: Well do you ever {D: think a} snake uh 025: No Interviewer: #1 snake you ever ever hear of a snake # 025: #2 that no no flying # #1 snake. # Interviewer: #2 snake feeder? # 025: Huh? Interviewer: Snake feeder. 025: Well now yeah that may be what you're talking about. Interviewer: What is that? 025: Well that's something like you're talking #1 about. {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What do you call it? # 025: Well I {NW} how about a while ago you was talking about lizard. But now lizards and these snake feeders are different #1 things. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: {D: But I} I've seen 'em and I know what you're #1 talking about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: But I don't know whether they feed snakes or #1 not. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: But they're a thing that sort of you described. I guess that's what you're talking #1 about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What kinds of stinging insects do you have around #1 here? # 025: #2 Well # we have plenty of 'em. Interviewer: {NW} Tell me about some of 'em. 025: {NW} Wasps gives us more trouble than anything else. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Hornets'll build big nests around. {D: And our faucet's} polluted now with uh bumblebees. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Out there well we went in there yesterday. #1 Went out # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: trucking. I we should've got it out but I wasn't able to get it then. {D: They put an ol' mattress.} Somebody left us {D: bed a mat or something here and they stuck at up over half.} Well them there bumblebees is in that mattress and last year there was a woman that come here and my wife was gonna give it to her but we never did get it out. I aimed to get it out in the winter never did get it. And they're back in it again. #1 {D: While we're out} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: yonder they'll get in that old house where we was at #1 yesterday. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: They'll get in the barn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And uh yellow jackets. {NW} Yellow jackets is mean when you've got fruit like #1 apples # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: or something another. Interviewer: #1 How about? # 025: #2 And the wasps # them wasps is the meanest {D: though.} Interviewer: Which kind what kinds do those are there different kinds? 025: Well they're just no it's just wasps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: They'll build you know up under the corner of the house and around the {D: mountains just} {D: sting you to get out here in the bushes and} Interviewer: Yeah. 025: I know a year or two ago I was out there mowing and I got my hound to get in the bush. I didn't know the wasps was #1 there. I didn't # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: {D: think to cover you up.} Interviewer: #1 I saw that {X} # 025: #2 And we # hunted these awful mean stinging. {NS} Interviewer: Um the um how about that kind of uh uh a wasp that doesn't sting. It builds a nest out of mud under the? 025: Oh that's dirt dauber. {NS} Interviewer: #1 And then the uh # 025: #2 They're dirt daubers. # Interviewer: okay and the kind these little things that that that light on you and draw blood? 025: Eh you mean ticks? Interviewer: Yeah well these are big. These fly uh and there are have these very you know mosquit- 025: Skeeters? Interviewer: Yeah. And then these things that dig into your skin I suppose ticks do that but these are? 025: Eh you gotta be careful them ticks them ticks has got {D: foil.} #1 You can't # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: get them doggoned things turned loose. They'll burrow their head up and you can't get 'em loose. You can put turpentine and {D: cool oil or whatnot.} {D: and they's got hard to turn loose at all.} They're dangerous. # 025: #1 Give you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: tick fever. Interviewer: Now how about uh now there's something else that's {X} also burrows into your skin if you're walking and you don't have boots on. 025: Well that's them damn chiggers you're talking #1 about. You # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: can't see them Interviewer: Yeah. 025: But you can sure well {D: as sure as hell get 'em.} Interviewer: Yeah. 025: But they're so little you can't see 'em. Interviewer: Now uh a small fish that you use for bait. You'd what would you call that? 025: That's a minnow. Interviewer: All right and I don't know if we talked about uh did we talk about um uh uh sugar maples uh yesterday I don't remember uh if we did if we didn't uh let me ask you about that did uh uh did you ever do they have uh sugar sugar maple #1 trees? # 025: #2 Oh there's # maples here but nobody never did tap 'em but I don't know why we didn't get any s- sugar out of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {D: Have to be all} kinds of maples still {D: are plenty of 'em around here yet} but I never know why they never taps 'em. Interviewer: And the um the kind of tree that George Washington chopped down? 025: Oh that's the cherry tree. They they don't last long cherries don't. You can't hardly get a cherry to live long enough. There's a few in this community. Well my sister's got some up there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: We used to have 'em but you just can't get a cherry tree to live long. #1 They're like # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: peaches. Used to you could get a peach tree to live for years now then if you can get one or two crops off a peach tree you've done well. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: There's just there's something to kill all these things you know. Just like the {D: well} the chestnut trees. They were killing the pine timber now. Some kind of insect things and and uh these trees if you don't spray 'em and keep after 'em #1 they just # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: don't last. Now you take these big orchards. They spray you know and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: and uh if we could do that we could raise a lot of these things. But uh something happened to peaches. They #1 just # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: quit growing in #1 this community. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 025: They used to be pretty good. Interviewer: How about a uh a kind of a shrub that's leaves turn very red in the fall of the year? Um and they um uh it uh grows along the side of the road or by fences and the leaves turn bright red very early. Years ago they used to use the uh uh these little berries or bobs on 'em for uh tanning leather. 025: I don't know now what you're talking #1 about . {X} # Interviewer: #2 They're shoemakers? # 025: things then there's a shoemake. #1 But I don't # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: know whether they're used for tanning leather #1 or not. # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: I've seen plenty of them. Interviewer: Okay. And uh 025: #1 I don't know what # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: {D: there was ever a fur.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Okay. {NW} # 025: #2 I don't know if they were using # tan leather with it. Interviewer: Okay well I think that uh that some #1 parts. # 025: #2 I'll # tell you what they used to do a lot of in this country here tan leather. They used to build a tanning mill here a while a big concern {D: for} employed a lot of people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And uh they used them old uh them old uh chestnuts they'd saw that up and make acid wood out of it. And they'd use that for tanning and then later on they got to taking old barks {up.} Chestnut oak is the best thing. Any kind of a good oak that would peel #1 you know and they'd # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: haul that. Loads and loads they used that to um grind up you know and make that acid out of it to tan the cowhides. Interviewer: What do you call that vine that you get a rash from if you touch it? 025: That's poison {X} #1 Called what? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: Poison vine. #1 Ivy. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: Poison #1 ivy. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 What kinds of? # 025: #2 You will # get a rash too. It'll put #1 your eyes # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: out if it get in your eye. Interviewer: What kinds of berries grow around here? 025: {D: Well eh.} Used to be lots of blackberries. {D: But right now being} season where you've got any growers. And uh huckleberries'd grow on the mountain you know {D: and little} blackberries also {D: grow there.} They'd grow on the mountains. Interviewer: #1 How about? # 025: #2 Woodlands # {D: and} there used to be a big old gooseberry. That was a sort of a bitter berry but oh folks'd get people to #1 pick. # Interviewer: #2 How about the # big red berry that you make uh sometimes? Straw? 025: You must be talking about cherries. Interviewer: Or straw? 025: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 Strawberry. # 025: Strawberries grows on the ground. Interviewer: Yeah. Now a kind of a uh of a of a bush like it's a big kinda almost like bush like tree that grows under the mountains. Uh might help if a laurel. Does a laurel grow around here? 025: {X} Yeah they grow around here but they grow in the woods. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Now how about? # 025: #2 {X} # bought a lot up here in this subdivision. You still got it. It's got a lot of them laurels on it. They're just a big leaves Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And they's ivy. There's ivy that grows in the woods. It'll poison your cattle. People used to have a lot of trouble with that. They'd eat that ivy and it'll poison their cattle. It's got a leaf but it ain't near as big as the laurel. The laurel has a bigger leaf. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Bigger. Grows bigger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do they is there any rhododendron or magnolia around here? 025: {D: Well out here to about the end of it} there's none around here I don't know where that grows. {D: Whether it} well I guess it grows in the woods in the mountains. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Ridge hollows and fern. There used to be a lot of fern over there them hollows. That cattle'd live on the- eat them. Interviewer: #1 was there {X} # 025: #2 {X} them # big deep ridge hollows on the #1 mountain. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Was there anything called sweet fern? 025: Yeah I've heared that. Interviewer: #1 You know what that is? # 025: #2 But I don't # know I don't know. My wife might know. I don't know what it was. Some kind of a fern you know that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh a woman whose husband is dead she'd be called a? 025: Widow. Interviewer: And a um. 025: and if her and her man separated in divorce she's a grass #1 widow. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay good. That's good. All right. # And if a uh uh we're talking about your your children before you have uh here you you said your son and your the woman who works in you said in Gatlinburg that's your? 025: My daughter. Interviewer: Yeah. And uh uh a woman who assists with a when she was little she'd say she was a little boy she was a little? {X} Not a boy but a? 025: Girl? Interviewer: Sure. That's uh I wasn't expecting any strange word that was just for pronunciation. The um uh in the years ago before they had uh the hospital was available um there might have been a woman in the community who helped. 025: Oh lord yeah there's an old woman over here she has my wife saying she got all the children this country. She got all of mine but my boy and #1 she # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: did then she done better than the doctors done. Interviewer: Is that right? 025: She'd come to your home you know and go and get her and she'd come to your home and then she'd have woman get along just as well. I never knowed her to lose many. Interviewer: What do they call a woman who does that? 025: They call her a midwife. Interviewer: Okay did they ever #1 call her? Yeah okay. # 025: #2 Granny woman. {X} # Interviewer: And when a woman's gonna have a baby you'd say she's? 025: Pregnant. Interviewer: And uh a child born out of wedlock now there there used to be a uh humorous names for? 025: Eh they'd call them them days bastards or now they're #1 illegitimates. Illegitimate children. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Yeah. # #1 Did they ever use the # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: term either a field o- field colt or a uh catch colt or a woods colt? 025: Woods colt. Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear it called? # 025: #2 Called woods # colts if the woman had one unmarried you know. Interviewer: #1 All right. # 025: #2 Somebody # {D: tell now come come round the other day about that} trying to get something straightened out and said well now she was a woods colt. Interviewer: Uh huh now if uh uh your brother's son what would his relation be to you? 025: My brothers son? Interviewer: Yeah. 025: I'd be his uncle. Interviewer: And and he'd be your? 025: Nie- nephew. Interviewer: Yeah and a child whose parents are dead is a? 025: Orphan. Interviewer: And uh and uh the the court then might have to appoint a? 025: Well a orphan {D: that way if you're} under a minor. See if I had minor children and or my boy now my boy where he's got them two there #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: they'd be minors. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Well if he left an estate or something like that. {D: More} more than his wife was allowed to take care of 'em. Well they'd have to appoint a somebody you know to. Interviewer: #1 Call that a guard? # 025: #2 Take care of that # money you know and. Interviewer: Call that person a guar- 025: A guardian. Interviewer: All right. 025: A guardian. Interviewer: And all the people related to you. You'd call them your? 025: Well they'd be your cousins as far down as you can go I #1 reckon. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: After you pass uncles and aunts you get down into your #1 cousins. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # But all of 'em together you might call them your? Call 'em your? 025: Eh some kind of relation. Here about two weeks ago there's a bunch of {D: Kraussens} come here from Mississippi. Six of 'em and I had that paper that I showed you the other day that #1 wasn't # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: interesting to you. It was to them you #1 know and uh # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: {NW} they think we're kinfolks and I guess we are way off. But lord only knows how far off you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. now if someone uh comes to town comes to the valley you've never seen them before. What would you call that person? 025: It'd be a stranger. Interviewer: Uh would you ever call a uh a person like that a foreigner? #1 Uh. # 025: #2 No # foreigners is people that's come from some other country you know out of the United States. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 025: #2 Call # them foreigners. {X} what we do I reckon I'd {D: be about} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 All right. # Now a um. 025: #1 Wouldn't be # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 025: an American. Interviewer: Okay. They um uh if you had a uh if there was a uh uh uh a minister or a preacher uh preacher in the country country who um who um who really wasn't a uh very well trained. What might you call him? 025: Eh I'd call him a jackleg preacher or something Interviewer: #1 All right okay. # 025: #2 like that you know it's just {X} # {X} Interviewer: Would you ever use uh jackleg for for any other? #1 {X} # 025: #2 Lawyer. # jackleg lawyer. Some lawyer that wasn't no good you know. You'd call him a jackleg lawyer. You know there's good lawyers and #1 then there's lawyers and # Interviewer: #2 Sure. {X} # 025: {D: things you just} be a jackleg lawyer or jackleg minister I've heared that old #1 expression. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Uh. # have you ever heard of a jackleg uh carpenter? 025: well I've heared of rough carpenters that'd be a jackleg carpenter. A fella that don't know much carpenter work you know can't do a good job of #1 it. He'd be # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: called a jackleg or a rough carpenter. #1 or you'd just # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: mostly call him a rough #1 carpenter but # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 025: that jackleg is used pretty often on lawyers and maybe preachers #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: A jackleg. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: Or doctors. Some doctor. They're called quacks. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: A doctor that ain't a good doctor is called a #1 quack. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: We used to have a doctor woman that Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 lived up here. # And then we had an awful good doctor over here Townsend. And she didn't like him you know and she'd call him a damn quack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} #1 Uh. # 025: #2 But # he was a good doctor. #1 He was # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: good a doctor as they've got in the hospital. I went to all of 'em. I went to him and the doctors there he done me just as much good as the doctor did down at the hospital. Interviewer: All right. 025: Was a good doctor. but he was a man that's crippled up. He educated himself for a lawyer or #1 something another and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: and he got crippled up you know uh up broke up the back playing basketball and he #1 finally # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: made a doctor and he's a good one. Interviewer: Do you remember in uh in the Bible in the in the the names of the sisters of Lazarus? The two sisters? 025: well I don't know is I just I've heared the Bible read a lot and read a lot myself. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: But I don't know Interviewer: #1 Well Jesus # 025: #2 just off they would be. # Interviewer: The mother of Jesus her name was? 025: Mary. Interviewer: And then there was and then there was Lazarus there were two sisters Mary and? 025: Mary and well there's a Mary Magdalene. #1 Mary # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: Magdalene. I've heared that #1 preached on. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah how bout Marth- #1 Mary and Martha. # 025: #2 Martha. # They was supposed to be sisters #1 wasn't they? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # And then uh if a if a girl's name is Helen. Then they might call her something for short. 025: well they'd call her Helen or Helen {C: pronunciation} or something #1 another. # Interviewer: #2 How about Nell? # 025: A little girl up here in the her name's Helen you know and I've heared my s- she's the only child uh you know and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: good little girl. I've heard my son-in-law call her hellion. {C: pronunciation} Hellion. Hellion. {NW} Interviewer: #1 That's good. # 025: #2 {NW} # {X} call these Helen. She'd call 'em Helen. Helen {C: pronunciation} or something #1 like that. # Interviewer: #2 Helen. {C: pronunciation} # 025: But it's all Helen #1 that's all. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. That that # was there any uh how about the name uh the name Nellie? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Nellie. 025: Abigail Nellie you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Never get the Nellie hardly ever just do Nell. We've got a neighbor up here Nell. Got one down here named Nell there's two Nells right #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 Was # there anybody did you did you know any people any any girls in the in the in the community called Sarah was named Sarah was that? 025: {D: Uh yeah that's sure is.} Lots of 'em. My wife had a sister named Sarah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Now you get down to the Martha's in this country. They'll go by Marthy or Matt. Interviewer: #1 Oh is that right? # 025: #2 Marthy or # Matt. Now I had a ol' aunt down here that some of 'em would call her aunt Martha Kraussen and some of 'em would call her aunt Matt Kraussen. #1 I had another one # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: up here {NW} that's kin to us {X} and they'd call her aunt Matt or aunt Marthy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: but Marthy and Matt's I reckon's supposed to be about the same thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: When you take Elizabeth she'd go by Liz. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Aunt Liz. Interviewer: What do you call a man who presides over a over a county court? He'd be the? 025: He'd be the county judge I #1 guess. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And a per- and uh and a and a and a child going to school he'd be a? He's in school. 025: Well I don't know what you mean now {D: unless he'd be a f-.} be a juvenile #1 course he's # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: get in trouble #1 he's a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: juvenile. Interviewer: Yeah when he's in school though you'd call him uh a you know a person who studies is in school you'd call him a? Stud- a uh a student or a #1 pupil? # 025: #2 Student # or pupil that's all I'd Interviewer: #1 And a # 025: #2 {X} # Hard to know what you was getting #1 at. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # I'll I didn't I wasn't very clear. the um uh uh a woman who in an office who uh who works in an office she might be called a? 025: Well they're different things you know she could be called a s- a secretary or Interviewer: #1 Now say. # 025: #2 something like # that. These here doctors has them women and what do they call them. They call them a receptionist. #1 Receptionist something like that you know. Uh whatever # Interviewer: #2 Sure. Yeah. Receptionist. Um. {X} # 025: they are. Interviewer: {NW} We were talking yesterday about uh you mentioned uh uh negroes and whites and now the um uh. What would you call a child born of a racially mixed marriage with one black parent and one white? 025: Uh well I don't know I guess call 'em a half nigger I reckon. Interviewer: Okay and then I do you have any special special names for uh for uh for uh uh people in uh in the community who might not take care of their property and um maybe they they're dependent upon other people for they they just they can't take care of themselves and they let their property #1 get all {X} # 025: #2 Yeah they just # call them just no kempt. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah and and what are some names that if you heard any there's a there's one name in particular I wanna ask you about but just names for they use for for people who live out in the country live up in the mountains they call 'em? 025: Hermits. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: I read in the other day here in the Interviewer: {X} 025: Knoxville Journal about a man that the park rangers had found over here you know. #1 And the park # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: ranger had trouble with him and finally he got throws rocks at him and he got in his car and he still throwed rocks. They called him a wild man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: {X} He's over was over on the North Carolina side. Interviewer: All right. Now did but the did they ever use the term uh uh a mountain hoosier or a mountain 025: #1 Yeah I've # Interviewer: #2 hoosier? # 025: heared that here. the mountain hoosier that's just a fella that uh that don't mean now like these #1 fellas with # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: they called him mountain hoosiers say a fella like {X} to go somewhere or another there and then come out of the mountain. Raid the mountain. That'd be a mountain hoosier. Interviewer: I see. 025: But you never hear that mentioned on people live here but if uh way back yonder you know when #1 a man'd # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: live in the mountains and he'd go to town or something and he didn't know the town ways {D: and all they'd go and} look at him and call him a mountain hoosier. Interviewer: I see. 025: It's like I hear the fella over here at Townsend saying world war one. He said uh we had to get the birds you know the farm. Interviewer: uh huh 025: Then he said if there wasn't a far- said then before they do that then they said they'd gone down old mountain Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh.Yeah. # 025: #2 hoosiers. Hoosiers. # Interviewer: Now if if a person has a uh uh has a cold and talks like this you'd say he's? 025: Well they'd call that {D: laryn-} they used to call that tonsillitis. #1 Now they # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: call it {D: laryng-} something or another something else but back in the old days my grandma used to {X} They'd call it tonsillitis. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 {X} # #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: what is they call it. They call it uh Interviewer: #1 Maybe laryngitis. # 025: #2 {D: Laryngitis.} # Interviewer: Yeah but #1 they they uh. # 025: #2 That's # in your in your gland. Interviewer: Yeah what do you call this part of your? Right here. 025: Swallower. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you ever call it anything else? 025: No. Interviewer: You call it a goozle? 025: Yeah you goozle it you swallow it. Interviewer: Um the whole thing around here would be your? 025: That'd be your neck. #1 Back around that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: should be your throat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And then on down further now people has bronchitis. That's in the upper part of your lungs. #1 is the way I understand it. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Yeah. # When a person has a has a sore throat though and he might uh have laryngitis or tonsillitis and he talks like this he might you might say he's hoa-? 025: He's hoarse. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And this is uh uh uh this is just one? 025: That's your upper plate. Interviewer: Yeah or just one? 025: Huh? Interviewer: One what? Just one? You know this is just one uh? 025: Well I don't know just exactly there what Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Well if well. # 025: #2 you mean. {X} # I've got false teeth. #1 And that's # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 025: my upper plate and my lower #1 plate. # Interviewer: #2 Sure a lot of # {X} but he but but what originally you had but the doctor pull out the dentist would pull out a? 025: {D: Well now right here would} be your eye tooth. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: And then between your eye teeth here is your front teeth. #1 And after you # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: get behind that'd be your jaw teeth. #1 And later # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: on in life I don't know whether you ever had it or not. I have. your wisdom teeth comes #1 out when # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: you get up about grown. Interviewer: Sure. 025: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Now # 025: I've had my #1 first one. # Interviewer: #2 What about # the things up above the teeth up #1 here? # 025: #2 That's # your gums. Interviewer: Okay now the um uh uh if a person had those like this he'd say he has a? {NW} 025: They'd call that a hacking cough. Coughs from smoking cigarettes. Interviewer: Okay and a and a person who can't hear you'd say he's? 025: Deaf. Interviewer: #1 Okay and then uh. # 025: #2 Can't # talk he's dumb. Interviewer: Okay. 025: Deaf and dumb. Interviewer: All right and then a uh a large sore that has a core in it? 025: That's a boil. There used to be plenty of them. That's caused from your blood. But that you don't hear that anymore. Used to they'd and then they used to people'd have it on the backs of neck and you'd just about kill 'em. Sometimes they would kill 'em. They call 'em carbuncles. I don't know #1 what ever # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: caused that. #1 They'd do {D: a little} # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 025: something. They'd have to shave your head. I've seen oh I've s- seen two or three people with that. Interviewer: What do you call that stuff in a in a boil? 025: Huh? Interviewer: the stuff that comes out of a #1 boil # 025: #2 I # don't know. I've had 'em. I've had 'em one time call 'em just oh {X} corruption. I don't know #1 what the right # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: name would #1 be for it. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Just old #1 bloody looking # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: stuff'd come out Interviewer: #1 of it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # If a person is shot by a uh or somebody shoots someone with a with a uh a rifle or something you'd say he suffered a bullet? 025: Bullet wound is what they'd put in the papers nowadays. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then and then if uh if especially years ago if a if a wound didn't heal right you'd get that crusty stuff around the #1 edge. # 025: #2 Well now # sometimes they'd take blood poisoning #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah but this is a kind of uh of a flesh that grows around a wound. And they used to have to try to burn it off sometimes but how long they had to burn #1 it off. # 025: #2 Yeah # something like that you know uh. Used to people had to do their own doctoring. #1 They'd use a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: whole lotta things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well. 025: This one time there used to be some used to be {X} An old doctor {NW} clear right across this mountain between here in Gatlinsburg #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: And he doctored with herbs you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: And uh somebody got the big sore you know. People used to get sores and they wouldn't #1 heal up. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: And uh that old man told him he could cure him {D: and} he was asking what do you do? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 And # he said the first thing I'd do he said I'd heat a iron red hot and he said I'd burn that out. and then he said um I doctor for the burn. He said I'm hell on burns. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. {NW} Uh-huh. # 025: #2 He said I doctor for the burn. # Interviewer: Did did they ever have any stuff they'd call proud flesh? 025: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What's that? 025: Well it's just something will get in there and just won't uh won't heal up. Til you get that out. Now that's why they used to use alum or #1 something # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: another on that. Alum alum's one of the best things in the country. I used to use it on horses' #1 shoulders # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: where they'd skin 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And that alum is one of the best healing things I ever #1 used just # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: for whatever you for #1 country # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: people that Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 025: #2 didn't have # a doctor or #1 something. # Interviewer: #2 Well what would you # call that stuff that kind of skin? 025: Huh? Interviewer: That skin we were talking about. 025: well now I don't know that proud flesh would just get in there. I Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 don't know what you'd. # Interviewer: And then a kind of stuff that other kind of stuff that you'd put on a cut? Used to burn and you'd get it in a little bottle. It's kind of brownish in color. that you might put on a on a bad cut to make sure it wasn't in- wouldn't get 025: #1 Well that's # Interviewer: #2 get infected? # 025: iodine. Interviewer: Yeah and then a kind of. #1 {X} # 025: #2 {X} # people went and got to use 'em that #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: {D: a lot better up.} Interviewer: #1 yeah # 025: #2 For a bottle with # a little in it. Interviewer: #1 And and how bout that # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: kind of bitter powder that you used to take for a #1 fever? # 025: #2 Oh # that was {X} Interviewer: And then if a person um uh uh uh person uh was alive one day and then the next day he wasn't you'd say he? 025: Died sudden like of a heart attack. Interviewer: Okay but if they didn't know they might say I don't know what? 025: Eh they'd have a something #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 See I don't know {X} # 025: #2 Now a heart attack # if he just fell over dead. #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: telling what happened to him. He had a heart attack. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: That's a lot of that happens. Interviewer: Yeah they might say I don't know what he died? 025: They'd say they didn't know {D: maybe anybody} say I don't know whether that killed him or not. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: The doctors and course after a man dead it's hard for a doctor to tell what killed him. Interviewer: Sure. 025: Anyway when his heart quit beating he gonna die. Interviewer: Right. 025: I'd say it in #1 fact. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # {NW} All right and then uh after the person dies the body's placed in a? 025: Well now they's used to people when before they had funeral homes they would make their own caskets #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: {D: Have 'em lay} their head sometimes and then later on they got to going to the funeral homes and getting the caskets. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 025: #2 My # grandpas both died in nineteen sixteen. You couldn't get out of here couldn't get a cask- couldn't get uh. There wasn't no uh ambulances {D: if had any} couldn't have got 'em in here. Had to take a wagon to go and get 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: But now then when anybody died most people belongs to one or the other there. We've got two funeral homes. They belong to their burial association you know. They've even cut the ambulance out now then cause they won't let the undertakers come and get anybody and take #1 'em to # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: Knoxville to the hospital or Sevierville the hospital. There's a ambulance that's that went on up 'til the first of this year and it's disagreeable. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And this ambulance uh these funeral homes'd take you to Knoxville for twenty or twenty-five dollars and these funeral homes {D: they sure} bus now they've just only got one for s- for Sevier county. That sometimes they'll have to get the rescue squad or something #1 to go and get 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: They charge you fifty dollars to come in here and get you and take you to #1 Knoxville now. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 025: but the funeral homes when they come and get you when you're buried that goes in with your funeral burial. They come and get you and take you out there and take care of you and bury you and Interviewer: Uh. 025: the ambulance service you don't that's one thing that you still got {D: is} the funeral home. Interviewer: Yeah. And where's the burying done how does the? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Call the place where the burying is? 025: That's a cemetery. Interviewer: #1 Right. Now do you ever # 025: #2 Old # people still {D: called it like me} the graveyard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Cemetery's the right place #1 for you. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Now the this um this disease that took the lives of a lot of children oh in the oh forty fifty years ago especially in this #1 throat? # 025: #2 Well # that was some kind of croup. Remember it was croup or something another I guess what you're #1 talking about. # Interviewer: #2 Or did # 025: Huh? Interviewer: did remember did there? 025: It's croup. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 Call it the # croup {D: then.} Interviewer: Did they ever didn't they call it diphtheria? 025: The what? Interviewer: Dip- wasn't there any #1 diphtheria? # 025: #2 Yeah. # diphtheria. Well that was that was a different #1 thing. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: diphtheria was awful they'd kill a lot of 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: I forget just how that worked but it worked #1 in your tonsils # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: and in your throat. Interviewer: #1 things. # 025: #2 Yeah. # like that. Interviewer: #1 Now a {X} # 025: #2 You don't # hear of too much about #1 anymore. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Now you said you're troubled with what? 025: Bad well one thing bad circulation. #1 My blood don't # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 You'd say that # 025: #2 circulate too good. # Interviewer: pains in the joints though. #1 You have? # 025: #2 Oh that's # arthritis. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: And it's mean. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 As an old # boy used to work here for me and I used to laugh at people about arthritis. me and this little boy. Somebody was uh talking they had arthritis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: This boy said I know all them damn ritises and he said that old Arthur's the #1 meanest one. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # How bout something that causes a yellowing of the skin? 025: That's yellow jaundice. Interviewer: And how bout something you get a pain down in your right side? 025: That's appendicitis. Interviewer: All right and if a person can't keep food down he might? 025: Well I don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: Just uh when the food comes up you mean he just vo- {NS} 025: Well I've had uh I have some stomach troubles too. Sometimes food don't go through you. #1 Sometimes # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: you'd have trouble you have to take something to #1 get # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: that gas and stuff. #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: that's what you're #1 talking about. # Interviewer: #2 No I mean # like vomiting or throwing up. 025: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Maybe sick # to the sick to the stomach or. 025: {D: Say say} sick at your stomach or something like Interviewer: #1 I mean it's # 025: #2 that. {X} # {D: Be able to eat.} Interviewer: yeah when you've done that then you might thr- would you use? 025: A lot of times if you'd to take something like tums or something {D: then would} alka seltzer or something. Milk of magnesia. It'll help you. Interviewer: If it doesn't though you might? #1 Right. # 025: #2 And then if # it doesn't you can't get get that air out and that #1 gas would # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: get to be a little better #1 and sometimes # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: people would {D: get to the place} where their bowels won't be no good. I have to take something every night to keep my bowels a going you #1 know a lot of # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: {D: it is.} You've done it so long you just have to keep it up. Interviewer: Sure well I mean something where the food comes out of your stomach and out your mouth. You know what do you call #1 that? # 025: #2 Well # they call that {D: vomickings.} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 025: #2 Used to # call it puking but that {NW} didn't sound #1 good. {X} # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: Call it {D: vomicking} #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # {NW} If a if a if a if a boy is seen a lot with a girl um you'd say he's you know young young man young girl going out together. You might say they're doing what there? 025: Courting. Interviewer: Okay and uh you'd say he is her what? He is her? 025: I don't know. I'd call him her boyfriend or something. But now that they're gonna get married he's her finance. They're they're financing. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call the man that stands up at the wedding? 025: That's the minister. Interviewer: Yeah and the #1 man? # 025: #2 And the # best man. Interviewer: #1 And then # 025: #2 You're talking # about the best man. I've seen him {D: wearing some of the other night down on the television.} Interviewer: All right the best man and then the woman who's with the bride is called the? 025: Maid of honor or something another. Interviewer: Okay uh did they ever have a noisy uh do the in the kind of noisy carrying out after a #1 wedding? # 025: #2 Well they'd # call that serenading they'd get bells and ring around the house and aggravate you to death. Interviewer: #1 All right did were did they? # 025: #2 Ring the # cowbells and. Interviewer: Did they say 025: #1 Shoot # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 025: cut up. Interviewer: #1 Did they? # 025: #2 Maybe # carry 'em on {D: a rail or.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did they do anything to the women? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Did they ever do anything to 025: #1 No it was # Interviewer: #2 the women? # 025: just fun. Just your neighbors #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: It was just fun some of it {D: wasn't fun.} Enjoyable. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 And uh. # 025: #2 {X} # but they've quit that. You never hear of that anymore. But used to that was common. {X} drums and things. They'd torment you to death. People got 'til it got so bad some of the married {D: didn't go. They'd stay a week} before anybody knows where they was at. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Tried to keep it a secret. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now the uh uh um uh after do they when at harvest time did they used to get together and uh have parties uh sort of when they were oh uh shucking #1 cornstalks? # 025: #2 Yeah. # Yeah that's like {X} they used to and pick their beans you know and have bean stringings and things like that. And just get a crowd together and the first thing you knowed it would just get to be a perfect {D: and you asking some} boys and girls would come and lay around together and court instead of working helping you but if you could get married people and people like that #1 to come in # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: and help you that was all right. But they were {D: thinking getting bad hands after all.} Interviewer: I see. 025: Just be a torment. Just like when people was sick they'd come in you know and set up with him and then take people to the hospital then and wouldn't know where to take 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And people'd come in {D: of the night} and help you. Well after a while the younger people would go to coming. {D: And directly they would just get to be a pest.} {D: Now one my grandfathers had had a} great big house here you know and they'd go in the kitchen there and there's some boys work there for him {D: you know and we'd rave} and they'd pop popcorn. They'd go and drink coffee and then this crowd would come. Lot of men older than I am. And they'd go and drink coffee instead of coming in here and letting you go to bed and go to sleep after you'd worked all day with 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And you'd just have to get to just get to be a Interviewer: Yeah. 025: aggravation #1 to you. # Interviewer: #2 If # um uh uh if uh when they get together and they have banjos and fiddles and the people get out on the floor and go around what would they #1 call that? # 025: #2 That was # square dance. I guess is what you're #1 talking about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: some kind of a dance I don't #1 know if you'd call it # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: square dance. I guess that's what you'd Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 say. # Interviewer: Did they ever use the expression when they was uh talking about dancing say to play? Did they they would pl- they would say to play with somebody meaning to dance with them? 025: Well I don't know uh. To tell you I always {D: much} never did attend too many dances. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Now if you were gonna walk # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Across a field and then you weren't gonna go all the way down to the road you were just gonna go right through like that. You might say you're taking what? 025: Near cut. Interviewer: Okay and if a and if a crop wasn't planted and the and the rows weren't planted perfectly straight what might you say about that field? 025: Uh ell now that used to be a thing that people took pride in. They wanted to get the rows the #1 best # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: {D: that you ever could.} my granddad could lay off the straightest rows I near had ever seen. #1 He'd # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: take sticks you know and he could take a ten acre field take three sticks #1 and he'd # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: measure his row here you know and he'd measure 'em and he'd go and he'd tell them to just straighten and as a boy that {D: my granddad and him pretty well raised} and he turned out to be a good farmer. And he'd do the same thing. He could lay off the straightest rows. And people would always remark about #1 my granddad's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: rows or this #1 fine # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: fellas rows you #1 know but # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 025: {D: If there were many damn} crooked rows they'd always have something to say about 'em. I don't know Interviewer: #1 Did they ever use the expression # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: antigodlin? 025: I never did hear #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Or # cattywampus. 025: #1 Cattywampus # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: now that would #1 be {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: sorta cross #1 ways or something # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: another in and out. Interviewer: All right and if you wanted to just to say to spend the night in Knoxville you might stay at the what? 025: Well that'd be a Morton house. Interviewer: Or a ho- 025: hotel or something. #1 That's a # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: motel. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 025: #2 Motels. # These old boarding houses about played out. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: Used to I'd peddle out of Knoxville and they'd have a you'd eat at them boarding houses up {D: over the square there and} {D: I have stayed a few nights at a time} summertime we'd have to sleep out there to keep somebody from stealing our stuff. Interviewer: If you were gonna take a train you'd go down to the what? 025: Depot. Interviewer: Okay and then if um uh and if you were gonna check a book out you'd go into town to the? 025: Library. Interviewer: All right and if a person works for the for the uh you'd say he works for the federal? 025: Government. Interviewer: And a person in the police is supposed to maintain? 025: Well Interviewer: #1 Law and? # 025: #2 it'd be # sort of law and order. Interviewer: Yeah and then the war we talked about this before this the war in eighteen sixty-five between the north and the south. What was that called? 025: That was called the Civil War. I don't know if there was anything civil to it or Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 025: #2 not. I don't know why they called it civil war. # Interviewer: Now you mentioned a couple southern states. I think you said you haven't traveled much but you know you went after you go through North Carolina then you go through? 025: South Carolina. Interviewer: #1 Yeah and you know where the? Okay. Okay. # 025: #2 and then into Georgia. Then into # Florida. Interviewer: Okay could you name a few other southern states? Out west and you know #1 down past. # 025: #2 Well now # southern states. I uh that's all I've ever been in. Interviewer: #1 How about Al- # 025: #2 In southern # states. Alabama and Louisiana and. Interviewer: Yeah. 025: All that down there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: #1 I don't know how {X} # Interviewer: #2 How about the big # the big state the lone star state over? 025: Well the lone star state that's Texas ain't it? Interviewer: Sure. #1 And then. # 025: #2 And Tennessee # goes into the volunteer state. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 Now that was # cause eh so many volunteers went to the Civil War I reckon for it to get said. Interviewer: Do you know the name of a couple of cities over in west Tennessee big cities? 025: Yeah Memphis. Interviewer: {X} 025: That's a Democrat's city down #1 there and there's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: fella with the name old Crump. He used to run #1 {D: match } you see. He's a Democrat. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # #1 How about where the # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: state capital is? 025: That's Nashville. Interviewer: All right and we talked about churches you said you were a Methodist what's uh another big church? Church that mr Denton belongs to for example? 025: Well I don't know what mr Denton belongs to but I guess he belongs to Baptist. {D: See the} Baptist and the Methodist is the two leading churches {D: with these holiness people.} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. {X} # 025: #2 And the church of # Christ and the church of God. They're all different but they're taking a big lead. {D: And these seven day evangelists are} building a big church. #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: the main and the old churches there was only three. There was uh the one class they called the primitive Baptists. And they believed in foot washing you know #1 and things # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: like that. And then when I was a boy there wasn't but the three churches in the community and that was the Baptists and the Methodists. Now they end in the sixth district They's six Baptist churches and one Methodist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 What do you # 025: #2 In the sixth district. # Interviewer: what do you call that uh they the uh the opponent God's enemy? 025: Huh? Interviewer: The the the man who runs hell what's his name? 025: Well that's called the devil #1 as far as # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: ever I've #1 knowed. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Ever heard any other names for him? 025: Satan or something like #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Okay and # there might have been an old house in the neighborhood that kids were afraid to go near. What was that 025: Well the hainted #1 house. Haunted. # Interviewer: #2 What's supposed to # 025: Haunted. Interviewer: what's supposed to be in there? 025: Eh spirits things you hear rackets and Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 025: #2 somebody # dragging something over the floor or something. Down at the road here there used to be a house and #1 well people got # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: afraid to live in it. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 025: #2 Didn't even # some of 'em'd run off and leave and. Interviewer: Yeah. What's the usual expre- eh what do you say to people on December twenty-fifth? 025: Well eh Christmas gift is about the first thing they'd say to you in the morning when you'd #1 get up # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: or when you'd see 'em and they're supposed to give you something. Interviewer: Or merry? 025: merry Christmas. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 025: #2 Happy # new year. Interviewer: All right and then if you belong to a club you might have to pay your? 025: Dues. Interviewer: And if uh uh there's just about five more minutes here. 025: {D: I just have to speed up I get stiff.} Interviewer: Okay sure. Say on on the first of the month you might say the bill is? 025: Due. Interviewer: All right and if you say I was gonna buy that but it just what too much it just? 025: {D: It's too sh-} Interviewer: Co- 025: Cost too much. #1 too high something along that lines. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. And and if someone # uh if you didn't have enough money you might have to go to the bank and? 025: Borrow the money. Interviewer: All right and in the nineteen thirties money was awfully? 025: Oh it was scarce. You couldn't get it. Interviewer: #1 Okay and first {X} # 025: #2 {X} # you a lot to keep 'em letting you #1 have it. # Interviewer: #2 Keep # that down on the floor and turn it over like this you'd say you did #1 a? # 025: #2 Somersault. # Interviewer: And if a and if a boy got out on the end of a of a board and into the water he? 025: Dived. He dived off of that end of the #1 water and went in # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: all over you Interviewer: #1 And if um # 025: #2 {X} # {D: I guess you'd done that summer.} Interviewer: Yes and to do this on the floor is to? #1 With your foot? # 025: #2 Patting # their foot. Interviewer: Stomp. You stamp? 025: You know something like this people used to you know they'd {C: tapping foot} Interviewer: Tap yeah. 025: play some instrument and they'd {C: tapping foot} #1 tap their # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: they'd call that tapping their foot. {C: tapping foot} #1 now I don't know what you'd call that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} It's gotta be # really hard to stomp it just down hard. {NW} 025: #1 Well I don't know what # Interviewer: #2 That down hard. # 025: you'd call that. #1 Must be just # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: be stomping the floor. Interviewer: Okay and if a person tells a lot of jokes you said he really has a good sense of? 025: Humor. Interviewer: All right and if a child's been bad and he's gonna you're gonna spank him he might say to you please please give me another? 025: Chance. Interviewer: And but but when you're spanking it were there different degrees of spanking #1 children? # 025: #2 Yeah # some people'd be unmerciful. They you know they's a lot of people they used that they ain't in this country but I read it in the papers the other day about a man that beat his kid up you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Some people'd take their hand that was the old fashioned way just take their hand and turn 'em across the knee and burn 'em up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Then later on people got to using their belts I noticed my boy here not long ago he told his little boy if he didn't quit it he gonna he'd be getting nothing but his belt whupped with their belts you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Scare 'em. Interviewer: What do you call a little something you give to you might make for a child to play with? 025: Oh a little girl {X} doll #1 you know and a boy he'd # Interviewer: #2 You ever call it a play pretty? # 025: want something else and. Interviewer: You ever call that a play pretty? 025: Yeah there's a whole basket full of 'em. Oh these little {D: grand ones they ain't as} bad as they used to be as quick as they got here they'd go get that little basket. Bring 'em out here and pour everything #1 out on the # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: floor there's a little of this and a little of that. Interviewer: They call it a play pretty? 025: Yeah play pretty or something. #1 The other day there's somebody # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: come here with a little kid and my wife to get it quiet while there's somebody visiting us and they had a little girl. She went and got that and they'd lay down there and they'll sat for hours you know and sat #1 and play on # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: that and sort that stuff out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And my little granddaughter. She used to come and the first thing she'd wanted to do she wanted to pull all these papers out of these #1 things and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: throw 'em on the floor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And the boy he wants to play ball and Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 something # like that you know or run and jump and #1 fall against # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: the wall and they're different children just different. Interviewer: If it hasn't rained for a couple of weeks you'd say we're having a? 025: Drought. Interviewer: #1 And if # 025: #2 Drought. # Interviewer: what if it's just for for a just not quite so long you'd say it's a? 025: It didn't rain 'til it shower or #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: like we had the other day when you was here that'd be a shower. Interviewer: #1 Okay I want it to be a little harder than that. # 025: #2 {X} # Well then call it I don't know. #1 call it # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: everything I don't know just what the proper #1 thing would be. # Interviewer: #2 Well kind of just # the words you'd likely use. 025: {D: The rain what the rain two then it's two or three days?} Interviewer: yeah well I mean all just rain would you ever have any {D: thawed} you know like a downpour or a #1 {D: sunstorm?} # 025: #2 Oh yeah they'll # Come in there awful hard rain we had them thunderstorms just last week. and there's popping crack here {D: and just she'd} #1 get you # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: bright. You don't know where it's gonna hit. Interviewer: #1 Did you can't see. # 025: #2 It hit that. # walnut #1 tree there one # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # 025: time and Interviewer: Yeah. 025: scared us all to death. It knocked me and the fellas living out there we was planting beans out #1 there in the garden. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: It knocked the hose out of our hands. Interviewer: Yeah if you can't see across the street you'd say you'd say you it's uh there's uh in the morning you'd say it's really what out there? 025: Hell it'd be foggy here. I don't know what it'd be in town. I guess it'd be foggy. Interviewer: #1 Okay and you call this? # 025: #2 Smoky or # something. I #1 guess in Knoxville in a big town it'd # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # 025: be smoky or #1 Call that fog. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: Well the fog in the morning #1 here. You get up lots of # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: mornings here through this time of year you'll get up here one morning you can't see your cattle. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 {X} # Wait 'til that fog clears maybe you can't see the #1 road out there. You # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: And people that drives some of 'em's got {D: up on their car that they can't get the fog off and some of the main} I've had to stop and take and wipe the fog off you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Going down this cold creek. Fog's worse along the little lands like #1 the waters. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # You call that fog up there on the mountains #1 that makes {X} # 025: #2 Well now it'll come # down. It was on that mountain yesterday. Whenever fog comes down on that mountain and settles there #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: it's gonna be cooler. And in the wintert- and in the wintertime that fog'll come down and freeze. #1 And that mountain # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: will be white as snow up #1 there that freezes on the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. I see. # 025: timber #1 in cold # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: weather. #1 Then's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: when we'd always kill hogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: If it was hog killing time #1 and we was # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: ready to kill 'em at mountain was froze over. My granddad was an old timer. He said whenever that fog was froze he said you could figure on one or two cool nights and you could. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now but that stuff up in the mountains that you see all the time in the Smokies that's fog. You'd call that fog up there at the top of the mountains? 025: Now we call it fog. Interviewer: #1 Okay and how about uh. # 025: #2 I don't know what # smog #1 is now. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: We don't know #1 nothing about smog. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # 025: {X} #1 you've taken # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: #1 big # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: town you wanna talk about smog #1 especially in # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: California. Interviewer: #1 Uh if the wind hasn't been # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: blowing and then it suddenly begins you'd say the wind is? 025: A raising. Interviewer: Okay and if it start if it's been blowing pretty hard and it begins to stop you'd say it's? 025: It's a ceasing. Interviewer: All right if you get up one morning and you go outside say hey I'll put on a sweater because it's a little? 025: Chilly. Interviewer: Do you ever use airish? 025: Huh? Interviewer: Would you ever say airish? 025: Well now some people would say that but most of 'em will say uh it's sort of chilly this morning ain't it? Interviewer: if you're talking about the height of the ceiling let's say ni- it's nine nine nine nine f- you'd say that the ceiling is? 025: Well now that'd be about nine feet. Interviewer: Okay. All right. 025: #1 In other # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: places it ain't that high. Back #1 in yonder # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: {D: my mother said} I I don't know why they built these old houses high #1 just like # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: church houses. #1 All these # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: old church houses just there's no {D: k- there's no ups.} #1 {D: Two storied houses.} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: {X} Interviewer: Hmm. 025: They'd make church houses would Interviewer: Hmm. 025: they would be ten twelve #1 feet. Have # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: you've ever been in any old church house? Interviewer: yeah I 025: That'll be twelve ten or twelve #1 feet. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: I asked somebody one time #1 what # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: they'd done that for oh they said used to people'd shout. Well I said {D: they'll never hit the} top of that wall when #1 {D: you get down 'em.} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. 025: {D: Or up.} Interviewer: #1 The uh. # 025: #2 Now they built the # barns that way. #1 Now you # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: take my barns. They made the barn loft {D: too too} #1 way # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: too high. Two feet too high well now they uh a house this here ceiling here in new houses it ain't over seven feet. You don't find many people over six feet tall. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And uh course the more house now that's where our house gets awful cold in the wintertime. With all this space you've got it all to heat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 025: And if you can cut off two feet there you've got you take two square feet plum around this {D: exit} you've got a lot of #1 lot of # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: stuff to heat. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 025: #2 That # you ain't giving you noth- it ain't worth nothing #1 to you. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: But now why they'd make this ceiling this long as high in a two story house I'll never know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Yeah well. # 025: #2 And it's just # Old people's way of doing #1 things. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: I might have to p- 025: Middle Tennessee and east #1 Tennessee you # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 025: know. Yeah well it's yeah I know where it is that's just beyond beyond uh uh over there around Fentress county and Interviewer: #1 just. # 025: #2 Well now would # you happen to #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Cumberland. # 025: what county Mount Pleasant's in? Interviewer: Now Mount Pleasant. I haven't come across Mount #1 Pleasant. # 025: #2 Well there's a # man come here and he wanted to see. He bought some land over #1 here. He's a # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 025: {D: man that.} Interviewer: Oh in Mount Pleasant Michigan. 025: #1 No this was in Tennessee. # Interviewer: #2 This oh. # {X} And over Mount #1 Pleasant Michigan. # 025: #2 {X} # {X} It's in middle Tennessee. He's supposed to come back the first of July. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And wanted to put in the trailer down here. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: {D: If I'd have let him} #1 I told him # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: he could set it down there. He just bought some land {D: just down in the} {X} bought some land right across that mountain. #1 And he never come # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: back. I don't know what happened to him. Interviewer: What do you call that uh in we talked about the uh freezing when they when the i- when the when the like a pond freezes over. Uh what do you call the uh that when the ice is just very thin? #1 Uh. # 025: #2 Well you'd # just call it thin ice. You'd have to stay off of it. {C: background noise} but if it #1 gets # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: thick enough people'd get in there and skate. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Do you ever call that mush # 025: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mush ice or? 025: Yeah mush ice is ice that's #1 not # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 025: froze #1 solid. # Interviewer: #2 Right and when it gets # good and hard you say the lake is all? #1 Fr- # 025: #2 Froze # over. Interviewer: All right now these are just things for pronunciation this has no this is not a test. Uh but would you just count for me up to fourteen? 025: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen. #1 Now that get you? # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay and then the number after nineteen? 025: Would be twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six? 025: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine? 025: Thirty. Interviewer: After thirty-nine? 025: Forty. Interviewer: After sixty-nine? 025: Fifty. Interviewer: Yeah after and then sixty-nine se- 025: Seventy. Interviewer: And then the and then after nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine is a mil- would be a mil- 025: A what? Interviewer: A million. Not a not a hundred or a thousand but a? 025: Million you #1 mean? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 025: Oh well that's #1 getting # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: {D: up and} getting too many #1 too many high. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # All right now would you name the months of the year? 025: January February March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: All right and the days of the week? 025: I don't know which'd be first. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday and Saturday. Interviewer: All right and and do you ever use the term sabbath? 025: Yeah. Interviewer: For what does that uh? 025: Well sabbath's Sunday. Sabbath day Sunday. That's #1 what the Bible mentions you know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. Yeah. What what # time of day would you call this? 025: Well at twelve oh clock it'd be noon. Interviewer: All right what would it be after that? 025: Evening. Interviewer: All right and what uh how would you greet a person say about ten A-M? like when I got here you might say good? 025: Well I don't know now just what you mean there you just {D: as I always} understood you know you talk about your meals. Used to we'd call it morning is breakfast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Twelve oh clock it is dinner. Six oh clock is supper. Now then it's something else. It's lunch. Interviewer: All right. 025: Dinner's in the night. {NW} Interviewer: But I mean how would you say 025: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 say you know how you # might see a friend oh quite early in the day and you'd say good? 025: {D: Well now all that out here they'll pass on out in the front} #1 you'd say you would # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: be here this morning at eight thirty and be here at eighty thirty. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 025: #2 Or nine # thirty or ten thirty or whatnot. Interviewer: #1 Now what do you? # 025: #2 Well uh # on up before twelve oh clock it's A-M #1 and it's # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: after that it'd be P-M and after six again I reckon it'd be P-M I don't know #1 in the night. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Sure and then what uh you'd say the um the time when the sun first appeared is you call that? 025: Sunup. Interviewer: And when it disappears? 025: Sundown. Interviewer: All right and say uh um I saw the sun? 025: Rising. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And yesterday it uh it I saw it yeah what what you might say at at six A-M the sun? 025: Is up? Interviewer: Or ro- yeah. 025: #1 Up. You'd # Interviewer: #2 Or the sun r- # 025: just say sunup you know. Interviewer: Okay and if um if Saturday is today Friday was? 025: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Sunday'll be? 025: Tomorrow. Interviewer: All right and if I if someone wasn't coming tomorrow that's tomorrow would be next Sunday. How about if someone was coming the following #1 Sunday? # 025: #2 That'd # be Sunday week. Interviewer: Okay and if you wanted to know the time you might ask somebody? 025: Well if somebody had had a watch or something. Interviewer: All right and what what might you say to them? 025: Huh? Interviewer: What might you say to them? 025: Say have you got the time? Interviewer: Okay and what time was it uh oh about five minutes ago? 025: {NW} Be ten thirty. Interviewer: All right and and in about ten minutes what time will it be? 025: It'll be ten 'til ten. Ten to eleven. Interviewer: Or how about when the just in about ten minutes nine minutes when it's? 025: It'd be a quarter. Some people call it quarter to eleven. #1 Quarter after # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 025: eleven. Interviewer: All right and if uh if uh if nineteen seventy-two was last year nineteen seventy-three is? 025: {NW} This year #1 I reckon. # Interviewer: #2 All right. # And if you saw somebody you you uh you you something happened exactly on this day in nineteen seventy-two. You'd say that happened just a? 025: A year ago today. Interviewer: Okay and then if in those those big uh white things up in the sky are? 025: Clouds. Interviewer: All right and on a day how would you describe the day today? 025: Well it'd be clear to partly cloudy. Interviewer: Okay. #1 But it might if it if it? # 025: #2 If it ain't a # cloud to be seen nowhere it's a clear day. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 025: #2 But now # these weather people. I listen to the weather every night every day. And a day that where it's a little cloudy it's partly cloudy. Clear to partly #1 cloudy they would say. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # All right. 025: And some days that sun never shines #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: Been one or two of them {D: last} round lately. Interviewer: How bout a day where it's very um uh where it's very cloudy and it's how would you describe a #1 day like that? # 025: #2 Well that # {D: got us a} few days like this week {D: at the first of the week.} I'd say it's an awful gloomy day. Interviewer: Okay and if if um the weather's been pretty nice but then rain or snow might be expected? It's been nice then you say the weather's? 025: #1 I never understood # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: that exactly what. Interviewer: Well if the weather say it's say the weather's been been very it's it's been all right but now rain or snow might #1 be expected? # 025: #2 Well # say we've had pleasant weather or #1 something another # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 025: but we're in for it now or Interviewer: #1 I see. Would you ever use # 025: #2 something like that. # Interviewer: something like the weather is changing or #1 breaking? # 025: #2 Yeah # changing you know you get out here and it'll be a raining and like the other day now after you left here you know. #1 It was cloudy a little # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: rainy well after a while it began to clouds begin to break up. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 025: #2 It lightened up # and the sun shined #1 and whenever # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: them clouds goes to breaking up #1 well the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: sun's gonna come through directly if they don't Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Say. # 025: #2 But the best # {D: that I uh the} best way to to judge the weather is when she goes to when it goes to clearing up in the north. Interviewer: Is that right? 025: It'll come clear up quicker. This a way it'll clear up and maybe a hour it'd be a raining. #1 Now when it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: goes to clearing in the north it'll stay {X} coming from the north Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: you can figure on some better weather. Interviewer: If you're talking about a rain. We were talking before about a rain. The rain just keeps coming down a little bit at a time not very much at all but just keeps coming and doesn't doesn't let up. You might call that a? 025: Oh I'd call that a sprinkle or shower #1 or something # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 025: another. If it ain't much #1 rain they'll say it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: coming round smart little sprinkle or a little shower. Then through dog days when it comes like it's been a coming for the last day or two they'll say that's dog days weather. #1 It'll # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: clear up and rain then after a while it'll cloud up and rain again #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Now you call would you call that a uh uh ever call that a drizzle or a or a 025: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 or a mist? # 025: Drizzle. When it ain't a raining too hard you know just enough that you can't get out in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: And not hard enough to Interviewer: Uh. 025: {D: to mud you'd} call that a drizzle. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 025: #2 Soggy # {D: you know. If it gone and} drizzled you know. Maybe drizzle thataway all day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 025: Just not {NW} enough to raise the waters or #1 anything # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: but it just enough to dampen the ground #1 you you know. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Um just a couple of other things what do you call that uh the thing that you put a baby in? When you take it out for a walk. 025: Well I don't know unless you're talking about a baby buggy or #1 something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 025: #1 Used to have them # Interviewer: #2 And then and. # 025: little thing here you push 'em and call 'em baby buggies #1 or something. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # That's that's what I meant. And then the thing that a minister preaches on on Sunday you'd call that a? He preaches the gospel but you might say he preached a good? This Sunday the minister preached a good? 025: Sermon. Interviewer: All right. 025: A good sermon. Some would call it a good message but Interviewer: Okay. 025: most people in this country'd call that a sermon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you uh um if you had to when you're going into the mount you come you had a big heavy load and you're let's say that you had a big big bag of meal or something and you were gonna you had to take it from one place or another you'd say that thing was really heavy I? On my back for two miles I? Would you say I packed it or I toted it or I lugged it? 025: Eh I guess they'd go packed it that towed it you hear a lot of that. #1 Towed it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: but that's {NS} not uh #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 025: I'd just old saying. Interviewer: #1 Yeah more like uh. # 025: #2 {X} # mean that you packed it. Interviewer: Packed it would be more likely here #1 huh? Okay. # 025: #2 Carried it or something another. # Interviewer: Well I think that's about it. I think you're finally gonna give 'em to me. 025: #1 Well now. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 025: Turn that off and play a little of little of it #1 back at me and let me see what it sounds like. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} I'd be glad to. # 025: {NW} Interviewer: Uh first of all first will give you me the date 027: #1 {X} July thirteenth # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: nineteen seventy-one Interviewer: uh and the uh and the uh and this community 027: Maryville Tennessee Interviewer: All right and the county 027: Blount County Interviewer: and your full name 027: {B} Interviewer: what's the 027: Pflanze Interviewer: and what is that the 027: German Interviewer: uh-huh 027: it means plant Interviewer: uh-huh yes that a was that a uh uh given name 027: #1 that is my father's that's my family name # Interviewer: #2 {X} or a that's your father's family name huh # and you're address 027: um my mailing address is {B} Maryville Tennessee my address my residence is {B} Maryville Tennessee Interviewer: #1 you mail to a different address and I see # 027: #2 uh-huh we pick up our mail downtown at the post office # Interviewer: well that's something that you'd get from the wouldn't that be one of the fringe benefits of the 027: now we've always done that because of uh Bill works you see his business and his name are the same Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and they got our mail so confused that uh we ever since we've had a home of our own we've gotten all our mail in town and then sorted it out they do deliver mail out Interviewer: #1 uh-huh uh-huh # 027: #2 we have a rural delivery we have rural rout out here # Interviewer: and your birth place 027: Maryville Interviewer: #1 Tennessee # 027: #2 where you born right in the # uh Yes I can show you the little house out on Sevierville Road which is still standing I assume it was in the city limits then it is now Interviewer: is that how it's pronounced Sevierville 027: #1 yes it's uh for John no for John Sevier # Interviewer: #2 I call it Sevierville # uh-huh 027: who was the governor of Tennessee and a famed frontiersman Interviewer: #1 uh-huh I seen that uh {X} # 027: #2 uh-huh town # #1 Sevierville and this road goes there from here # Interviewer: #2 uh yeah # I see and was that in the um uh was that in the city limits uh or in the 027: I think it was in the city limits when I was born we lived there just four months they were building a house when I was born uh because I couldn't stand the noise in the little house Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and when I was four months old we moved to Goddard Street in Maryville Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 where I lived # until I married And where my mother lived until she died last year did you live then in you lived in the Interviewer: #1 in the in the uh city of Maryville and all your life # 027: #2 in town yes uh # huh Interviewer: uh and your age 027: oh fifty-one Interviewer: alright and you religion 027: Presbyterian Interviewer: and do you have any occupation of any kind now 027: house wife Interviewer: ok and but you're well that's an occupation but did you have uh you did other 027: uh yes when uh I by the time I finished college Bill was in service over sees and we were planning to be married so I went to work so I could help support my husband while he finished school Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and uh then of course I intended to work after we were married and I worked for TBA as a clerk typist and did legal work because he was going to law school and I was terminated in the big termination of nineteen and forty-seven I guess I was the number one employee to be terminated Interviewer: #1 huh # 027: #2 I had uh # Interviewer: #1 none of the qualifications for staying # 027: #2 well at least oh # Interviewer: #1 and was it seniority or uh # 027: #2 and uh # seniority union membership union participation uh veteran status and disabled veteran Interviewer: uh-huh 027: That I had least seniority and I had not joined the union Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 027: #2 and {X} that # took care of that very neatly and then I came to uh Maryville and worked uh as a book keeper and paymaster at the Maryville electric system for a year and in order to do that I had to go to UT to night school and take book keeping Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and I came over that precisely half the salary I had been earning just the month Interviewer: #1 is that right # 027: #2 before at TBA uh-huh # Interviewer: is that right 027: #1 but in that # Interviewer: #2 you got to go to school # in order to make half the salary 027: #1 yeah uh-huh Bill # Interviewer: #2 {X} that's great # 027: it was very neat Bill the day he took his final exam at law school and uh was uh relieved of his GI bill benefits was the same day I was terminated So we finished with a clean slate and started practicing law {NW} Interviewer: Now Then after that I went to work for him 027: #1 as his secretary # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # and that's the only those 027: #1 those are my # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: #1 complete occupations # Interviewer: #2 okay alright # Now your um uh your education what uh they did you go to the same you I suppose you went to attended the same elementary school all the way through 027: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: yes except that I was ill a great deal and I was tutored at home Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 more actually than # than I went to school but the teachers came and gave me the exams Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and so I was uh an enrolled student Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and I did have the qualifications I went to West Side Elementary School Maryville Junior High Maryville High School then I went two years to Sullins College and finished at the University of Tennessee Interviewer: #1 Where is this # 027: #2 Sullins in # Bristol Virginia Interviewer: uh-huh and the what is the Maryville the Mary is the college here in Maryville it's called Maryville College 027: #1 it's a Presbyterian # Interviewer: #2 what kind of a school is it # 027: #1 four year liberal arts uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 four year liberal arts school # uh my next door neighbor knew about them he he asked me what kind of school it was I said I remember seeing it 027: uh-huh Interviewer: when I I cus I came up I came the right way last 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # to to Knoxville but I came through here but I didn't today um and you so you've what what about your your major in um in college was it 027: I majored in uh dramatic art and speech at Sullins and these credits all transferred as English credits and I had to take one course to have completed an English major at UT Interviewer: Oh I see 027: {NW} and so I did a minor in uh History of the South which I had to do to go with my English major and then I did my several other minors just for fun in sociology and psychology and botanyand anthropology Interviewer: uh-huh 027: what none of which counted towards my Interviewer: #1 did what year # 027: #2 major # Interviewer: now what year did you did you graduate from from college 027: um nineteen and forty-three in March Interviewer: alright and when did you graduate from high school was it four years #1 before that # 027: #2 no there's six years # Interviewer: #1 ok # 027: #2 I had # two years as a special student Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 becuase # I had gone through a windshield Interviewer: o 027: and uh so I I went to Sullins from um thirty-seven to thirty-nine Interviewer: And then UT's{NS} as a special student from thirty-nine to forty-one and forty-one to forty-three 027: #1 {X} so both times two # Interviewer: #2 alright and when # when did you graduate from elementary school thirty-six then 027: um uh high school thirty-seven Interviewer: yeah 027: May of nineteen thirty-seven And so you graduate Interviewer: #1 in elementary school eight years # 027: #2 in # Interviewer: elementary school eight years 027: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 and # 027: six years and in two years junior high Interviewer: #1 right # 027: #2 it was # then they now do it Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 differently # Interviewer: but I can just get the dates then going back 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 two years from high school # the high the high school from 027: #1 thirty-seven and then # Interviewer: #2 {X} yeah # 027: thirty-nine Sullins and then forty-three UT Interviewer: okay fine now uh what just some general uh uh information about your social contacts your your close friends church business contacts what kind the kinds of people your your club would be great and you know just tell me the kinds of people that you uh associate with 027: uh well of course there are, most of our good friends seem to be professional people I suppose we're drawn together by our common interests and then my clubs uh there is the book club they're just twelve of us and uh this is just strictly on an interest in reading and we have one two three professors four professors and uh several of us are house wives and uh {B} is a very interesting person she is an artist uh who has taken this up in recent years her husband is both a lawyer and doctor He did law and then medicine Interviewer: uh-huh really 027: and um we call him our professional student Interviewer: uh-huh 027: uh then I'm also active Interviewer: #1 welcome for malpractice cases {NW} # 027: #2 in a sorority {NW} right we # had one joint meeting of the bar and the uh medical society I remember where they took their wives and they had Jack as a moderator Interviewer: #1 {NW} good # 027: #2 because he was retired # {NS} uh then I'm um active in my sorority in alumni work and uh until this last year had had a nice little office for Interviewer: huh 027: twenty years I guess something like that and that then of course the federated women's club Interviewer: huh 027: here in town Interviewer: that is that 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 Kappa Delta # I think that was the first uh nat is that is that's the first of the national national sororities that came to Dekalb 027: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 I remember when that sorority # 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 they opened a chapter in Dekalb # 027: uh-huh Interviewer: that was when Northern just started to I think the TKE's came in as a fraternity and then Kappa Delta 027: yes I I can't remember exactly when that was but I remember that uh chapter Interviewer: uh-huh 027: quite well do where do you have your national meetings all over uh yes we we rotate in sections they had a meeting last week in Hot Springs Arkansas which I did not get to attend although I'd planned to and um our next one will be in Roanoke because that will be our Diamond Jubilee and we were founded in Virginia Interviewer: #1 did you ever in North Caroline recently # 027: #2 that will be two years from now # no uh we went to the Bahamas two years ago and uh let's see before that we went to Chicago New Orleans um Pasadena Biloxi uh Bedford, Pennsylvania I don't believe we've ever been to North Carolina Interviewer: #1 around Asheville either no # 027: #2 can't remember huh-uh # Interviewer: #1 cuz I thought my # 027: #2 It's hard to {X} # Interviewer: sister in law is the I thought that {X} I'm not certain what sorority she's in but uh she's very active in uh and she goes to the to the uh I know she goes to the I don't know what she other than going to conventions 027: #1 {NW} that's active {NW} that's very active # Interviewer: #2 but I don't yeah ok well # she does that and I do you have any uh uh connection with your church 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: and the women's association um I have had to be more inactive recently because I've had these accidents which kept me in but I still okay have an office in the circle I know longer have an office in the association and my most recent uh activity I guess was to make a poster Interviewer: huh 027: {NW} which Lee called yesterday to thank me for and then I I'm the last one that should have made a poster Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 027: #2 but it needed and so I made it {NW} # Interviewer: uh and did have you lived have you lived elsewhere and uh when I was in school of course and then Bill and I lived in Knoxville one year uh when he came back from the service and we had planned to live in Knoxville and we found that we're country people uh-huh did you marry uh before he went into the service 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: we married when he came back Interviewer: I see so I see so that didn't his being in the service didn't 027: #1 no I was I was at # Interviewer: #2 didn't interfere with {X} # 027: home all that uh time uh and uh travel what um uh how much time have you spent traveling do you travel much um it doesn't seem like much to me but it probably is right much I've been um well of course the family used to take motor trips because this was the new thing driving in the car and I remember when I was a tiny little girl we went all the way to Niagara Falls and um on into Canada so that was one day of foreign travel Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 {NW} # and then Bill and I went to uh Mexico much the same way uh we went down and uh he was doing some work in southern Texas and then he has a {NS} sister {NS} that's all right As long as I can hear it that's uh Interviewer: #1 uh # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that's all now uh have you taken any any other do you do you take vacations usually every year uh o now and then there were often fishing vacations we did take a cruise several years ago and um we went to the Bahamas to the that was my convention and Bill's 027: #1 fishing trip that year # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh uh-huh # 027: and uh we usually work it in actually with something uh that Bill wants to do Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 a fishing # trip or we take several trips and visit our first bred relatives Interviewer: uh-huh now where are they 027: uh Bill's sister is in Santa Feand his brother is in Baytown Texas and my family's in Atlanta Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and uh we have aunts here there and beyond Interviewer: does your family uh does uh see your family's in Atlanta are these 027: my sister and her children Interviewer: uh-huh and how many children were there in your family 027: the two of us Interviewer: #1 your and your sister and your sister's uh # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: um 027: Sissy's mother Interviewer: uh-huh was she born in Atlanta Sissy born in 027: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: She was born in Sylva North Carolina Interviewer: o because 027: and moved to Marietta when she was two I Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 guess # and then from Marietta to Interviewer: #1 I wondered # 027: #2 Atlanta # Interviewer: because she said cuz it's she came over to my office one day with uh several people from Georgia State and she just mentioned and she said if you ever you know if you go up to well if you're gonna cus I told her I'm gonna be up in eastern Tennessee and she mentioned it I was wondering if she'd you know she'd been born here 027: No but uh they were here of course cuz her grandmother was here Interviewer: uh-huh 027: often Interviewer: Now in the did uh in the uh one other thing about the clubs and so forth and the church did you have what formal offices did you hold for instance the sorority and 027: nationally Interviewer: yeah oh I was a providence president I was national press director I was editor of the Katie Did It which was the um pictorial section of the {X} our national publication seems that I did something else but I can't remember 027: #1 at the moment # Interviewer: #2 but what's a # providence is that a set of 027: #1 uh set of states it was # Interviewer: #2 states is that like # 027: #1 it was actually # Interviewer: #2 rebuilt # 027: Tennessee and Kentucky I had eight chapters Interviewer: uh-huh 027: that I had um immediate advisory supervision over Interviewer: I see now in the would you traveled said you traveled over couple of weeks uh uh so you how how many how many weeks out of uh uh uh ordinary year would you say you were away from Maryville 027: um uh breaking it into weekends I would say seven or eight weeks all totaled Interviewer: #1 and you say and most and most # 027: #2 that may be too much # Interviewer: of this is in uh fishing and then uh 027: fishing or visiting or uh shopping Interviewer: but never but you don't you don't go any place around for four or five weeks at a time another part of the country {X} 027: No my husband couldn't quite Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 027: #2 pick up that long # Interviewer: okay now where was your mother born 027: Maryville no Blount County I'm sorry Interviewer: where in Blount County in what part of Blount County 027: oh it's under Fort Loudoun Lake now it's uh was a farm known as the {X} place and um it's underwater I'm sure uh-huh Interviewer: Fort Loudoun Lake a product of TVA 027: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 I see # uh and where's your father born 027: Maryville Interviewer: In the in the town itself 027: I assume so I have his birth certificate some place but I'm sure that it Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 it was in town I don't think grandmother # and grandfather ever lived out of town Interviewer: what was his occupation you father's 027: he was a retail lumber dealer he was educated to be a lawyer and lost his hearing at the age of twenty-one when he was trying his first case Interviewer: is that right 027: so he um Interviewer: where'd he go to school Maryville College and the University of Tennessee and uh what your mother's occupation 027: #1 housewife # Interviewer: #2 and your mother's educ and # mother's education 027: Maryville College Interviewer: alright she had an interesting education she was one of seven children and grandfather was a farmer who uh at various time was chairman of the county court he was county judge when he died for one or two terms he was sheriff and they had seven surviving children and they had this problem of educating them and some years they sent them all to boarding school down to Friendsville Academy or up to Maryville College and some years they had a governess come and live on the farm and some years they just moved to town bought a house and lived in it during the school year and sent the children to school and then moved back down to the farm in the 027: #1 summer uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 is that right # {NW} interesting you're uh um mother's parents 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 birth # place education occupation 027: #1 Blount County Blount # Interviewer: #2 Just tell me # 027: County and Maryville College on back for several Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 generations # now my uh father's parents came from Germany grandfather uh when he was twenty-one we have his diary he came uh because he was dissatisfied with the political Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 situation # grandmother's family came and I don't know at what time her sister was married to grandfather but when aunt Louise died then her father brought down the next sister to marry the widower Interviewer: oh really {NW} 027: and uh so that is uh but she was twelve when her family came uh-huh from Germany they came from Mecklenburg Schwerin on the North Sea Interviewer: {X} 027: wherever they may be Interviewer: that's in Mecklenburg is that the same Mecklenburg that uh is used in Virginia are they German settlements in 027: I think so Interviewer: yeah Virginia um at what about the earlier ancestry on your mother's side 027: uh we haven't recorded back uh we're members of the D-A-R we a uh had several ancestors who were in the revolution they were McConnells Matthews McReynolds was her madden name and they were uh farmers Scotch-Irish and uh always very interesting education Interviewer: Virginia from Virginia they emigrated from Virginia or from #1 uh uh # 027: #2 they # came from Ireland Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 to # to um North Carolina into Tennessee Interviewer: well they came from 027: from Londonderry the the forth great back I believe Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # is buried in Londonderry Interviewer: uh-huh as we traced this on his 027: #1 papers # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # #1 {X} # 027: #2 and then # uh both uh both of her parents were born in Blount County both families were Interviewer: uh-huh 027: prominent large farm families Interviewer: uh what Londonderry are you talking about #1 Londonderry Ire Ireland alright okay so # 027: #2 Ireland # Interviewer: but did they what places in North Carolina do you uh associate 027: #1 I really don't # Interviewer: #2 with # 027: know except that James Matthews fought in the battle of King's Mountain Interviewer: heard that in a song {NW} uh I could look it up on my D-A-R 027: #1 {X} that's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: all I know Interviewer: #1 that's uh # 027: #2 personally # Interviewer: that it one of the interesting things about uh uh uh uh Tennessee is is it uh the people I've interviewed is that they really have no you know that it's that they have no well they're always from Tennessee you know 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 I've got # so many people just that they just uh {D: so I so I always ask people say oh what} what nationality do you do you associate with yourself many of them say American but that isn't much help um how old is your husband 027: fifty-one Interviewer: and his religion he's 027: Presbyterian Interviewer: and his education 027: um primary in Meridian Mississippi and uh Maryville College and University of Tennessee Interviewer: #1 Where was he born # 027: #2 and law school # Birmingham Alabama He was born in Birmingham and then Interviewer: #1 educated # 027: #2 educated grew up in # Meridian Interviewer: is that right 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 um # what uh uh we'll come to that in a minute but now his I suppose his social contacts are much the same as yours with the exception of more in uh uh some additional business 027: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 contacts # would you say most of your friends are uh through these clubs or through your uh husband's business contacts or 027: just through living Interviewer: yeah 027: our um old school friends our neighbors from childhood our neighbors Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 that we # have lived near have lived near in the last twenty-five years that we've been married Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 and some # uh of course professional Interviewer: #1 right # 027: #2 uh friends # and but those people too turn out to be our neighbors Interviewer: #1 uh-huh yeah sure # 027: #2 and go to the same church and # the same clubs and what have you Interviewer: now he was born in Birmingham where were his uh parents born his father was born in Jefferson County Tennessee and mother was born in Knox County Tennessee his mother was a Beard and you came through Bearden this morning It is named for the the area is 027: #1 where her family's # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: farm was Interviewer: is that on eleven or four eleven 027: on eleven Interviewer: uh-huh yeah I do remember that 027: uh-huh Interviewer: I thought I remembered but I 027: uh-huh Interviewer: and his uh what was his father's occupation he was a claim adjuster for Southern Railway he was earlier than that he was um with the commissioner of insurance for the state of Tennessee and with the internal he was a revenuer he told 027: #1 wonderful # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: tales of going out Interviewer: #1 yeah uh-huh # 027: #2 in the mountains and so # forth and then for a time his first job I believe was in a bank in uh Dandridge Tennessee he was education Carson-Newman College Interviewer: and where's that 027: Jefferson Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 City # I think {NW} that's right know if that's right Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and his ancestors then uh what how did he happen to to be to be in Mississippi I mean what The Southern Railway 027: #1 uh transferred him to # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: #1 to from Birmingham to # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: #1 Meridian # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # but his originally was from 027: #1 Jefferson # Interviewer: #2 from {X} # 027: #1 County Tennessee # Interviewer: #2 Tennessee I see so that # okay 027: they sent the children back to Tennessee school is that right Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: and I think that uh that's it oh just would you just give me uh uh kind of off the cuff description uh with a little history uh so then of uh Maryville and also of its Alcoa which is interesting to me I I didn't realize and I didn't even think about the associating the company with the town 027: #1 oh the Alcoa # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: as far as I know was the first company built town Interviewer: uh-huh 027: it was built for housing for employees when they built the plant uh-huh and they Alcoa had no industry with the exception of a grocery store and a dry cleaner seems there was one other business out there until after World War Two and the company starts selling houses to those who wish to buy and up until then everyone had lived if they lived in Alcoa in a company owned house Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and then with private ownership of the property came business Interviewer: uh-huh 027: into the town Interviewer: I see what's the size of Al- is Alcoa now uh larger than uh Maryville 027: no we are larger I refer in my handy telephone book Interviewer: {NW} 027: which is brand new {NS} {NS} and has the uh {NS} if {NS}I can find it {NS} {NS} it has the populations in it Interviewer: I think it's in the back page {NS} in the Atlanta book anyway anyway {X} 027: #1 anywhere # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: no this is facts about Knoxville we have a joint book {NS} anyway we have about thirty-three thousand in the county and I'll about oh say {NS} eleven thousand's in Maryville and seven thousand's Alcoa something {NS} and the rest I would just {NS} {NS} heavy populated {NS} county {NS} {NS} Maryville was {NS} well it was {NS} in the seventeen hundreds {NS} it was Craig's Fort and McTEER's Fort and Henry's Henry's Henry's Fort and they were built of course uh they were wooden forts built uh for protection against the Indians by the settlers that came across the mountains and um New Providence Church where we attend was started two years before the town was um founded uh whatever the Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 legal procedure is # #1 for um # Interviewer: #2 {X} # when was that now that 027: it was seventeen and ninety something I believe it was long long ago and uh the college then came soon after the church Interviewer: oh as a seminary um 027: {X} church and New Providence Church and Maryville College were all started by the same Interviewer: #1 is that # 027: #2 um # Interviewer: Maryville {D: and the oldest chur} oldest oldest college in Tennessee probably 027: uh no UT is a little bit older it was it was Blount College Interviewer: oh 027: named for Willy Blount alright first governor of the territory and um I think that's I think UT is older I do have to check it but we we really go back right far for this part of the country Interviewer: is the Blount who is the postmaster uh related that is he a relative 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I don't think so # 027: I don't think so I think {NS} we tried to uh see that he his but I don't believe he Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 is # 027: and Maryville was a country town it's still a country town a very small town uh College oriented {NS} and then in nineteen and uh eighteen nineteen twenty the aluminum company came and this brought big industry to this area and then with the aluminum company came dams on the Little Tennessee River then with TVA came dams on the Tennessee Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 River # and greater industry to the area Interviewer: but now that was about uh well when the when the aluminum company came is that that {X} around nineteen twenty was that they came to to Maryville and was that 027: #1 was that part of Maryville then who were either important in the mill # Interviewer: #2 they came # 027: no they came um to uh Old Field I believe it was called or Plain Field Interviewer: uh-huh it was somebody's farm actually several farms I imagine that 027: #1 they uh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: bought to build the uh the first mill here because of the uh possibility of hydro electric Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 power and so they # started {X} and damming uh the river and Calderwood Street where you were Interviewer: uh-huh 027: parked today is named for Mr. Calderwood who uh designed the first dams Interviewer: #1 oh # 027: #2 And the # Calderwood's lived here for some time they were a very charming Interviewer: #1 couple # 027: #2 {D: was that so} # uh-huh That's interesting and uh all and all the streets in Alcoa are named for people who were either uh important in the mill industry or people who were important in the town of Alcoa Interviewer: oh 027: Hall Road for Charles M. Hall who uh invented the open furnace method I believe and so forth we have a Bessemer Street Interviewer: Yeah is that Gill or Gill 027: #1 Now Gill is a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: local Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 family # that is where Maryville joins Alcoa and that was uh the Gill home place was where Middilon Sander is now Interviewer: I see well was that where I called out was I in Alcoa or Maryville when I called is that 027: uh you were probably in Alcoa the uh borderline runs Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 right # uh just below where you were Interviewer: it's it's deceptive on the map because on 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 the map it seems # that the two towns are really quite distinctly separated 027: #1 and actually the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: city limits are on the same post Interviewer: #1 yeah uh-huh # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that's uh uh now Maryville then what is has Maryville's growth say in the past forty years been related 027: industrial Interviewer: to and to the the development of Alcoa 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 or the uh # 027: see this is the largest plant of the aluminium company's system Interviewer: uh-huh 027: #1 and uh the # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know that # 027: the uh president of the aluminium company um who retired this year was John Harper was a Blount County person Interviewer: huh 027: who started working while he was in college as a co-op student and during the time that he was president of course uh he was very the kind to back up works and building new plot lines and the old ones Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and so we really uh had a much more up to date plant then a plant this old Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 would be expected # to be and the north plant building out there by the airport uh was built just before World War Two and it was the largest factory built it deposed more floor space under one roof in acreage than any other building in the world and right afterwards he built the building in Louisville which is a little bit bigger Interviewer: oh 027: {NW} Interviewer: {X} uh {X} coming down from Knoxville uh I saw that enormous building it really surprised me it looked so big is that the you building you're talking about 027: #1 the north plant # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: #1 probably uh # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: it was on your left Interviewer: #1 on the left hand side # 027: #2 {X} # toward the airport Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 yes # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 that's the north plant there three # three buldings Interviewer: oh 027: at the three main centers at Alcoa the north plant the west plant Interviewer: #1 that that kind # 027: #2 the south plant # Interviewer: that shocked me and I and it was then that I decided to fill the the Alcoa 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} and so forth # 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 I really hadn't thought of them # in a {NS} {NS} uh {X} we could do some more things as we go along about uh Maryville you can just uh uh {X} {NS} I'll tell you {NS} 027: uh we uh Maryville the area is seven point oh square miles and Alcoa is eight point three four square miles and um Maryville was authorized to be laid out in seventeen and ninety-five the first settlement had begun in seventeen eighty-five now that was at the Houston's station and uh industrial activity began with lumber in seventeen eighty-eight and my father's business was lumber as I pointed out Interviewer: uh-huh 027: it came however from my cabinet making grandfather was a cabinet maker and uh he was also the undertaker because the cabinet Interviewer: #1 uh-huh yeah uh-huh # 027: #2 maker made caskets # that of his {X} weren't just being the undertaker our current undertaker is the outgrowth of grandfather's business Interviewer: is that right 027: our our one that we use here in town {X} but uh in World War One house were not necessary and so grandfather uh went uh no he had been building tables I beg your pardon they had done tables and Brumby Chair Company in Marietta had done the chairs these round mission type dining tables #1 which you # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 027: still see they're being collected now aren't many of them from the Cherokee which was grandfather's company then in World War One they started building houses because they were essential and dining tables weren't and then in World War Two houses weren't essential so they went into building materials Interviewer: Uh-huh 027: {NW} it is still a building material firm now Interviewer: I was wondering if all the {X} if so many of those furniture companies in North Carolina and Virginia I was wondering if those were German uh 027: some many of them are yes Says we're a world center for the production of aluminum paint {X} Interviewer: the combined population then of #1 Maryville and Alcoa is what about over twenty thousand? {NS} # 027: #2 what are you looking for any way? # Maryville is thirteen thousand five oh one, Alcoa is seven thousand nine hundred and fifty-four the metropolitan area is thirty nine thousand Interviewer: and that would just be in Blount County? 027: yes Maryville and Alcoa Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and the subdivisions surrounding Interviewer: that's a pretty good size 027: we're bigger than we seem to be Interviewer: Yeah 027: and we range uh in buildings from this Sam Houston School House which is where Sam actually taught school one year when he was needing to earn money to uh our new Interviewer: Was Sam Houston from Maryville? 027: his mother was born uh near here and he lived here as a boy he joined the army in Maryville down in front of the what is now the uh Bank of Maryville, it was the county court house at that time Interviewer: #1 uh Davy Crockett uh yeah Davy Crockett was born was born # 027: #2 Davy Crockett's from up um # yes my father took me to see his uh grave when I was a tiny little girl we had to go to the end of the road and walk but he was a great history buff Interviewer: #1 buried where he was born in # 027: #2 and he saw every # Crockett Station out of um oh is it near Jonesborough Interviewer: lime something 027: limestone #1 limestone mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # I saw that that's I'm gonna be up there 027: Well you can drive to his grave now Interviewer: #1 {X} yeah that's I think that's part # 027: #2 {D: you can} walk to it too {NS} # another interesting area here is of course our mountains Interviewer: I wanna talk to you about that and we'll get to that I have a question about mountains 027: good Interviewer: But I wanna just get the names for {D: some of those things}. Now Let's if we just just start out kind of counting slowly from one to fourteen 027: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen Interviewer: and the number after nineteen 027: is twenty Interviewer: twenty-six 027: is twenty-seven Interviewer: twenty-nine 027: is thirty Interviewer: thirty-nine 027: Is forty Interviewer: sixty-nine 027: is seventy Interviewer: ninety-nine 027: is one hundred Interviewer: nine hundred and ninety-nine 027: nine hundred and ninety-nine? one thousand Interviewer: and nine hundred ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine 027: {NW} That has to be a million I suppose Interviewer: Okay now if um uh speaking of the days of the talking about the days in the month we'll say uh what day of the month is the bill due usually 027: It depends on which bill where it comes from Interviewer: traditionally 027: are you tell oh the tenth Interviewer: okay alright what's the date before that called? 027: the ninth Interviewer: and then 027: eighth seventh six five four three two one Interviewer: now go back seventh now and the day before the seventh is 027: sixth Interviewer: and then 027: fifth fourth third second and the first Interviewer: Okay now if something happened you might say something happened suddenly what's another way you might say that it happened suddenly it happened 027: quickly abruptly Interviewer: um yeah I if you if you um you did something uh you've only done something one time is well I've only done that 027: once Interviewer: yeah now is there an expression that you might use suddenly that would include that word 027: I can't think of one Interviewer: Suddenly all- Would you would be more likely to say all of a sudden or all at once 027: oh all of a sudden yes Interviewer: Yeah 027: {NW} Interviewer: Okay and if something is two times as good as something else you say it's 027: twice as good Interviewer: alright and the months of the year 027: January February March April May June July August September October November December Interviewer: Okay one of the funniest things that ever {NS} {X} he got eleven of them but he just he just uh uh {D: scatter}. I- I've never heard anyone do that before uh the days of the week. 027: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: and do you do you use the word Sabbath? 027: No Interviewer: how would you greet a person about oh ten a.m.? 027: Good morning. Interviewer: how late would you use that? 027: if I hadn't had lunch I might use it all afternoon {C: laughing} Interviewer: alright but usually until 027: until noon Interviewer: and after that what would you say? 027: good afternoon Interviewer: and how late would you use that? 027: 'til about six I suppose Interviewer: would you call now it's it's uh well it's uh five to six now let's say at at about five oh clock five p.m. what do you call that part of day? 027: I still call it afternoon evening to me is after supper Interviewer: Okay but uh a lot of people I think I think maybe mrs Hill I'll bet she would mind calling a lot of people they call evening any time afternoon 027: afternoon uh-huh Interviewer: but that's uh not {X}. Uh do you ever use the expression good day? 027: possibly talking with a very old friend who is very elderly and when you left you would say good day. I remember one or two of my mother's friends did this. but it isn't it wouldn't come naturally to me Interviewer: and it would be used in parting? 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 rather than than greeting # 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: um they um and you say evening is the part of the day after supper how late would you use the word evening 027: {NW} 'til around ten or eleven I imagine Interviewer: #1 that way and then after that it would be # 027: #2 yes I would # night now it might uh I might be influenced right now by daylight savings time becasue you know- Interviewer: still {X} 027: It's light forever Interviewer: Yeah um now uh do you ever use uh in parting {D: after} uh say midnight or something uh what might you say? 027: probably good- good night Interviewer: do you ever use would you ever use good night in in meeting someone? 027: huh-uh Interviewer: so you'd use good night and good day the same way? 027: yes Interviewer: {X} the same and so we started work very early this morning we started work before 027: before breakfast Interviewer: now but this is really unpleasant we went out once we're going fishing and we got up and went out before 027: you're thinking of before daylight but I would never say it Interviewer: okay what would you use if you're talking no not daylight but now use something with the sun in it 027: #1 before sunup? now I have heard that. No. # Interviewer: #2 and say would you yeah you wouldn't use sunup though? would you use sunrise? # 027: no I would say uh I would give the hour before three or four or something like that Interviewer: um but you're talking about that part of day though you know you're talking about it in relation to the sun wouldn't you say either sunrise or sunup {X} 027: I might say I saw the sunrise Interviewer: Alright 027: I would be lying because I have seldom seen it #1 but I would # Interviewer: #2 alright but you uh # 027: not speak of the time of day as sunrise or sunset I would speak of seeing the sunrise or seeing the sunset #1 or moonrise # Interviewer: #2 okay # alright and uh in talking about the what time does the sunrise that at say the answer is six a.m. say the sun 027: rose Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: at six a.m. Interviewer: but uh but really by the time I got up the sun had already 027: risen Interviewer: alright and if um Tuesday is today Monday was 027: yesterday Interviewer: and Wednesday will be 027: tomorrow Interviewer: and if someone came to see you uh if someone's coming to see you not um this next Sunday but the following Sunday they might say he's coming 027: a week from Sunday Interviewer: thanks. Do you ever use Sunday week? 027: no Interviewer: is it common in the- 027: yes, I hear it but it isn't a term that comes readily to my Interviewer: right 027: lips Interviewer: How about a two week period of time? Do you have a term for that? 027: I would say two weeks out I think I have read fortnight more than I've heard it Interviewer: Okay. and if you wanted to know the time you might ask someone just casually 027: What time is it? Interviewer: and uh 027: or quelle heure {NW} Interviewer: What? 027: quelle heure (C: French) Interviewer: yeah and what and on um uh that was the one thing we learned in in in French I had to teach it to somebody everyday say quelle heure est-il and il est onze it was always eleven clock you know {NW} #1 uh that's the # 027: #2 no matter what time it was {NW} # Interviewer: uh and on my wrist I have a 027: watch Interviewer: and in about a half hour, what time will it be? 027: oh about six thirty Interviewer: and then about fifteen minutes after that 027: six forty-five Interviewer: now what's the another something another way of expressing that? 027: quarter to seven Interviewer: alright and if you hadn't seen someone for a long time. I haven't seen her for quite 027: I would say for a long time, I have heard many times uh when I was a child I guess in a coon's age Interviewer: mm-hmm how about um uh did you do that very often say oh I do that once in 027: oncei n a while Interviewer: um the term coon's age be more common than something spell 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: quite a spell it's quite a coon's age 027: coon's age I imagine though is going out with the black #1 emphasis # Interviewer: #2 right # 027: because I think uh I don't know whether it referred to a Negro or to an animal the coon #1 the raccoon # Interviewer: #2 yeah uh # 027: but I imagine it's uh become a no no Interviewer: right sure no doubt. Uh if nineteen seventy nineteen seventy was last year nineteen seventy-one is 027: this year Interviewer: and if a child tell me the age of the child say the child is 027: three Interviewer: the whole thing of three 027: three years old Interviewer: Yeah and if something happened that today is the thirteenth of July if something happened on July thirteenth nineteen seventy say that happened just 027: just a year ago Interviewer: talk about the weather today apart from the fact that it's hot, uh disregard that it's like it's what kind of day it's a 027: it's a beautiful day Interviewer: alright and if the sun weren't shining you might say it's uh 027: cloudy muggy messy Interviewer: Okay 027: dull Interviewer: yeah now what's a messy day is it 027: oh like this morning was when it's a little bit cloudy and raining a little bit now and then and just not pleasant to be out Interviewer: would a messy day necessarily involve some kind of 027: #1 precipitation yes # Interviewer: #2 some kind okay # uh and if the weather has been uh uh uh been nice but then it's uh a rain or snow is expected you might say that the weather is 027: it's lovely now but we're expecting it to be bad Interviewer: yeah but in uh 027: the prediction is for bad weather foul weather Interviewer: would you use something like changing breaking gathering turning or threatening 027: I wouldn't I hear it on the weather #1 report # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: but it doesn't come to me Interviewer: and those things up in the sky, you can't see them right here but the 027: stars clouds or #1 trees {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # when did you go to camp 027: from the time I was five until I started working after I had finished #1 college # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 027: In fact I worked that summer at a camp uh out of Chicago that year with um children who had uh behavior problems Interviewer: where was the camp? 027: that last summer Lake Villa Illinois Interviewer: sure 027: mm-hmm I started out at uh Mintona which was just up here it's a little private camp up here here um at Chilhoweee and then I went to um Montreat in Montreat, North Carolina and I went to girl scout camp of course up here um camp Margaret Townsend which is no longer and um then I went eight or nine years to Camp Sequoia at Bristol which is affiliated with Sullins where I later went to college and I uh then as a counselor I went to various camps here there and beyond Interviewer: #1 Bristol Bristol # 027: #2 {D: upstate} # Interviewer: uh is that well Bristol Tennessee 027: #1 Virginia # Interviewer: #2 Is Bristol in Tennessee or Virginia? # 027: The state line goes down the middle of the main street which is called state street Interviewer: So it's in both 027: and there are two city governments there are two fire departments two police #1 departments # Interviewer: #2 really? # 027: etcetera mm-hmm Interviewer: really oh I've been beside myself trying to figure out so I look at a map at looking at motels you know they say Virginia. I thought maybe I shouldn't even bother with it {C: 027 laughing at the end} 027: when I was in school up there Virginia Bristol Virginia was wet and Brisol Tennessee was dry Interviewer: #1 oh that's convenient yeah # 027: #2 this created many interesting situations {C: laughing} # Interviewer: I thought of that the last weekend uh I was on the Tennessee Georgia border there at Copperhill and I thinks it's McCaysville I don't know or something like that maybe or {X} but they call it the twin cities Copperhill is on one side {X} 027: {D:ducktown} {NS} excuse me Interviewer: Sure {NS} {X} uh what would you call a a heavy rain of short duration? 027: a heavy rain of short duration a hard shower Interviewer: yeah uh did you ever use any any uh either humorous or colorful descriptive terms for that? 027: for the rain? Interviewer: Yeah. for a heavy rain of short #1 duration # 027: #2 cats and # dogs, downpour Interviewer: yeah 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: did they use things like uh uh trashmover or gully washer or {D: coat strangler} or any of those? 027: a gully washer and a cloudburst that may be a meteorolo- meteorological Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 term # I don't know Interviewer: now uh a storm with a lot of a thunder and lightening what would you call that 027: thunderstorm Interviewer: and talking about the wind the wind really 027: howled Interviewer: and hard it really 027: blew Interviewer: yeah and 027: uh blew a gale Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 possibly but that # comes more from our fishing then from our local Interviewer: yeah uh is now that's used more in in 027: #1 more down on the # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: gulf Interviewer: #1 yeah uh-huh # 027: #2 when you # Interviewer: now uh this is about the hardest the wind has 027: blown Interviewer: yeah and if the wind's coming from do you use uh descriptive terms for wind and its reference to direction 027: {D: no not not it blew north} Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 or anything like that # Interviewer: the word that we we're 027: in Texas Interviewer: okay now if a you talking about wind coming from the uh you're just saying that the wind's coming from the direction of Atlanta something you just say the winds from the 027: Bill will say it's from the north or the south I don't know my north from my Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 south that well # Interviewer: um and if you're talking about just in terms of direction though if you're talking about the direction of um uh um oh say Johnson city from here 027: it was- that would be the east Interviewer: now now not just east though but it would also be 027: extreme east Interviewer: {D: I know} 027: eastern Tennessee now see that's as far as I would go I wouldn't get into north north east Interviewer: #1 okay I've got it # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: now if you're talking about rain then let's go back to {X} 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh if it's just if if it's coming down very lightly lighter than a rain 027: #1 it's a shower # Interviewer: #2 what would you call it? # what about lighter than a shower? 027: sprinkling Interviewer: anything lighter than that? 027: I don't think so Interviewer: what if you looked out the window and couldn't see? 027: it'd be foggy Interviewer: alright and that's that stuff is 027: fog Interviewer: and if uh it doesn't rain for about twelve weeks you call that uh 027: a drought Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 or a long # dry spell Interviewer: okay now you now she didn't use that other term but 027: #1 drought but # Interviewer: #2 you no she used drought but she didn't use drought but you use # 027: we will- we will often speak of a long drought Interviewer: how would you distinguish a dry spell from a drought? 027: I guess a drought would go on for a long long time and a dry spell would be of shorter duration but as severe Interviewer: mm-hmm can you think about it and could you break it down into okay say we had a drought uh for the months of July and August 027: and uh October was also extremely #1 dry # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # but uh I see but so it would have to be almost a month or longer to be a drought 027: I think so Interviewer: and if the wind handn't been blowing then suddenly it begins you might say that the wind is 027: blowing {C: laughing} Interviewer: yeah uh but the wind if it's just starting to blow you know you might you might say the wind is starting to blow or you might say the wind is 027: I guess you're thinking of rising but that wouldn't Interviewer: yeah something like that yeah you don't 027: #1 I wou- wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 027: think of Interviewer: #1 or picking up or um # 027: #2 it uh-uh # Interviewer: and if it's been uh you wouldn't use rising either 027: no Interviewer: and if and if uh if it's been blowing hard and then it uh it uh you might say now it's 027: stopped Interviewer: but it's in the process would you say yeah 027: stopping Interviewer: yeah. would you {D: use it} the specialized laying the wind is laying 027: never heard it Interviewer: she did you hear her say that now she said that the wind is the wind is laying uh or letting up something like that if uh uh yeah describing it's uh whether uh well it can be any time of the year {X} I think I'll put on a sweater today because it's a little 027: cool Interviewer: uh would you ever use anything like snappy sharp edgy keen or 027: chilly perhaps Interviewer: how about airish? 027: I have heard that I think it's #1 a delightful term # Interviewer: #2 isn't it {NW} uh # 027: and we used to have an old woman who worked for us who'd say oo it's airish Interviewer: #1 {NW} yeah um # 027: #2 today # Interviewer: yeah uh and if there's some white stuff on the grass that hasn't snowed you'd say it's 027: it's frost Interviewer: um and it did get pretty cold last night because the water in the pond 027: has a skim of ice on it or a skiff of ice Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 I don't know # which Interviewer: Would you use either one of those? 027: I would say it has ice on it Interviewer: Alright but skim and skiff do you 027: I heard Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 um # Interviewer: and you're talking when you say uh it has and if it gets much colder the the pond may 027: may freeze Interviewer: and it has 027: frozen Interviewer: yeah uh 027: even frozen solid Interviewer: okay yesterday it 027: mm-hmm was frozen solid Interviewer: alright. today it freezes yesterday it 027: was freezing Interviewer: or just yesterday it just a simple past it 027: froze Interviewer: yeah now um this house I want you to tell me about the rooms of the house 027: #1 {NW} it's hard to tell in this house # Interviewer: #2 but I think that while well # what do you call that by the way 027: the atrium Interviewer: okay now 027: we went back to the Roman house Interviewer: #1 uh-huh uh-huh # 027: #2 in the dictionary and found # the atrium as the cool unroofed paved or gravel area that had plants and tinkling fountain where the travelers rested Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and we wanted that sort of Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 atmosphere but we # couldn't have that and so we evolved this with our architect and so we call it an atrium and that is the pronunciation that our dictionary Interviewer: uh-huh 027: gave we have many Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 questions about our # pronunciation Interviewer: how long how long ago did you have the house built? 027: we moved in on July the third seven years ago Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. is that right? # 027: #2 last week. mm-hmm. # Interviewer: now uh you called let's take the house you you lived in 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 most of your you lived in one did you live in one house uh # 027: mother's home, my parents' home Interviewer: okay. now how uh just describe tell me the kind of give me a a description of the rooms in the house and what they were called 027: the uh you entered the front door you came into the living room and between the living room and the dining room there was um um there were book cases with an open space above with columns so that we had we called it the living room and the dining room but it was there were no doors between them it was one area and we had club meetings and so forth we could have a large circle of chairs and behind the living room was the den which was a very small room and the telephone was there and a comfortable couch there was a comfortable sofa in the living room but the one in the den was a couch and behind the dining room was the breakfast room and behind that the kitchen there was a central hall and there was a beadroom and a sleeping porch and a bathroom downstairs then upstairs uh when I was growing up there were two bedrooms and my playroom later there were three bedrooms and still later after my mother was widowed there was an apartment and then she uh enclosed the end of the hall and had a guest room and a bath up there and an apartment which had an outside entrence that came off the front porch the porches were screened and there was a full basement underneath Interviewer: you call the now the now now tell me the rooms in this house 027: the one by the front door is a parlor that is my grandmother {X} parlor furniture out of her parlor and it is I loved grandmother very much and I enjoyed her parlor and I loved her furniture and I have recreated her parlor although hers was large and had red {X} wallpaper and lace Interviewer: #1 mm, uh-huh # 027: #2 curtains and a white fur rug and the tall # tall Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 ceilings and the # chandelier it's the same Interviewer: #1 how do you- what's the difference between a living room then a parlor? # 027: #2 furniture # we're living in the living room it's it's more informal Interviewer: mm-hmm and I I do sit in the parlor and lots of time when someone comes we'll have a cup of tea #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 in there # the um I first suggested that you do your interviewing in there because it was more private and then I decided that uh you wouldn't find the chairs too comfortable for a long time they're Victorian Interviewer: That would have been okay but the thing that interested me that you said about that that I thought was very uh I thought was very significant {X} 027: #1 yes I felt that # Interviewer: #2 might might be less comfortable # 027: she would be more comfortable in the informal Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 atmosphere # of the living room rather than in the formal atmosphere of the Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 parlor # Interviewer: that's good that well that's so so you're thinking. #1 now uh did your grandmother have a living room as well as a parlor? and the parlor was more formal? # 027: #2 yes mm-hmm # the the parlor was closed and we went into the parlor on special occasions and on Christmas the Christmas tree was in the parlor and Interviewer: Oh I see uh-huh 027: this sort of this Interviewer: {NW} did uh in any of the houses you've lived in or your parents or granparents lived in have any of these houses have a separate um a separate kitchen as a separate building 027: #1 uh I think # Interviewer: #2 separate from the house # 027: grandmother McReynolds' house probably had had it was connected to the house from the time I can remember it but that was a very old house and it had still had slave quarters which were used for a a wash house and a storage and this that and the other and I imagine that the kitchen had been separate because it was a separate {D: aisle} and could easily have been connected to the house and there had been changes in the house from time to time Interviewer: now I just wondered if it had a special name um 027: I don't know if it did if it did it would of I know what you're thinking about is a summer kitchen uh there was a house here in Maryville that had one Interviewer: they did use the term summer kitchen though in this 027: #1 and they cooked out there uh # Interviewer: #2 part of the- # 027: in the summer because it was too hot Interviewer: right that's exactly what I was looking for but I- They're- they're very interesting 027: {X} Interviewer: yeah well I haven't I haven't heard that I haven't uh uh that in a single instance of that now now the rooms in this house what 027: uh well starting down the hall there uh there's a guest bathroom and a guest room and uh this little room we call the atrium bedroom it's the room where I work got my type writer in there put up the sewing machine the knitting machine when I want Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 to # but it does have uh a trundle bed under a sofa and it has curtains and so forth and so when the children are here I can make it into a bedroom that's very comfortable and acceptable uh so it's sort of dual purpose and then going on back there is the master bathroom and dressing room and the master bedroom Interviewer: mm-hmm and this of course is the living room dining room and then there's the kitchen and the laundry and the cats' room and then outside Bill has a workshop what's the cats' room? 027: #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 is that uh-huh # 027: the room where the cats Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 live # Our cats have cages in their room and it also has a sink Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 027: #2 uh for water supply {X} # Interviewer: that's great 027: they're- they have their draperies with the cat uh design on them so forth Interviewer: well that my my it isn't so strange my sister has uh my sister and brother in law both work and they have uh uh a cat and a dog and they put the cat and dog get along and they keep they have uh they have them in a room and they have the room papered you know {NW} it's really it's just uh it's can we talk about how high the ceiling is can you tell me {X} this room ceiling {X} oh the ceiling is 027: I don't really know it's probably a little over eight feet Interviewer: okay and the smoke goes up the 027: chimney Interviewer: and the part that extends out of the floor 027: the hearth Interviewer: and the part the two things that hold the logs in place 027: andirons {X} Interviewer: and uh you don't have one of these either the thing that goes across the top of the fireplace 027: oh the mantels no we don't have mantels Interviewer: uh-huh 027: we deliberately did not build them Interviewer: now did did you ever call that you remember your parents or grandparents calling it any thing other than the mantel 027: no uh I know it was called at times a chimney shelf but I haven't heard it used you could turn your old mantel pieces Interviewer: uh and you've never heard uh fireboard 027: no I thought the fireboard was the back of the fireplace that reflected the heat Interviewer: alright. they call the fireplace a fireboard too 027: #1 oh the mantel I didn't know that # Interviewer: #2 and the and the the mantel the mantel that that's a a midland expression, it's fairly common {X} # 027: didn't know that at all Interviewer: now a large log that you burn in the fireplace 027: the back log Interviewer: and the uh smaller pieces of wood that you use to start a fire 027: kindling Interviewer: now would you have a a name for the even smaller pieces that you use to get the kindling started, or do think of the kindling as the first? 027: I think of the kindling as the first because we use newspaper and kindling, of course here we have a gas starter but I imagine you're thinking of chips Interviewer: yeah chips or pine or {X} or any of those or fat pine 027: #1 chips # Interviewer: #2 fat {X} # 027: is all I'm familiar with Interviewer: and talking about using it uh saying in the past they use to burn coal 027: #1 mm-hmm in a grate # Interviewer: #2 so yeah # but you're gonna use the word stove and say they burned coal 027: you're thinking of coal stove Interviewer: mm-hmm alright so you'd say they burned coal 027: in a stove Interviewer: yeah this is in reaches into the stove 027: #1 oh oh you put into {NW} burn it in # Interviewer: #2 {X} you don't burn it into right and the black stuff you clean out of a stove pipe # 027: is soot Interviewer: and out of a fireplace 027: oh now you have white ashes Interviewer: yeah that's uh and I'm sitting in a 027: chair Interviewer: #1 and you mentioned before the distinction between the couch and a and a sofa I wish you'd elaborate on that # 027: #2 mm-hmm oh # well it was just to me uh that the sofa in the living room was the new piece Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: uh that was very nice and the couch in the den was uh what one of our friends called an old flopper Interviewer: mm-hmm {NW} but yet you'd do you uh do you think uh uh do you make any distinction between the terms couch and sofa now in terms if you're going to buy furniture 027: um no I would say I was buying a couch and the salesman would say that's a sofa Interviewer: mm-hmm okay so you wouldn't use that was if you used the word 027: I do use the word sofa they have taught me to Interviewer: #1 uh-huh but it's not- # 027: #2 it's not # indigenous Interviewer: alright good now in the bedroom there the uh piece of furniture that has drawers 027: chest of drawers Interviewer: and there's another one that now does a chest of drawers have a mirror 027: not attached to it it may have one hanging over it Interviewer: what about one that has a mirror attached to it 027: would be a bureau or a dresser Interviewer: what's the difference between a bureau and a dresser? 027: I think the bureau was the bigger taller old piece and the dresser um the bureau would be taller like a chest of drawers actually but had a mirror attached and the dresser would uh be lower and you could stand or sit at it Interviewer: #1 do you # 027: #2 and apply make up and so forth # Interviewer: do you think uh between men's and women's uh one for men and one for women's clothes? 027: uh no could be becuase we don't have any we have ours built in Interviewer: uh-huh well I mean when how about when uh 027: Uh well now my mother had a dressing table and a chest of drawers and my father had a chest of drawers and then we had grandmother's bureau {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 but now # 027: #2 which was just an inherited big piece # Interviewer: but- but a dresser could belong to a man or a woman then 027: I would assume that dresser would belong to a woman actually and a chest of drawers to a man Interviewer: okay and taken together all of these things we've been talking about are all different pieces of 027: would be bedroom furniture Interviewer: alright and they uh in any house that you've lived in or see have you ever seen a bedroom that has a little alcove containing a bed 027: {X} 027: {NW} my friend {B} now wait you mean other than the main there there's a bed in the bedroom and then a little Interviewer: #1 alcove # Interviewer: #2 yes # 027: she had one for her small daughter Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 which later she # used as a sewing room Interviewer: uh-huh did she have a special name for that 027: no I think she called it my little room Interviewer: okay I was wondering if you've ever heard of anything like a sink bedroom 027: huh-uh Interviewer: or a sleeping sometimes a sleeping house is another one 027: no Interviewer: sleeping house or sink bed sink bedroom cuz it's little 027: uh-huh Interviewer: the term but I've never 027: #1 neither have I # Interviewer: #2 {X} but # and on the windows the things you 027: you speaking of shades Interviewer: #1 I # 027: #2 {D: brief} curtains # Interviewer: No I'm talking about now rollers you call them 027: #1 shades # Interviewer: #2 shades # uh and then uh what are blinds do you ever use the term blinds 027: yes we had them all over one house we lived in Interviewer: #1 venetian blinds {X} venetian blinds # 027: #2 venetian blinds # we had blinds outside and venetian blinds inside #1 blinds or # Interviewer: #2 what were # 027: shutters Interviewer: uh-huh 027: that come on the outside and can be closed and you can't open Interviewer: uh-huh 027: move well we have movable shutters over there on the Interviewer: uh-huh 027: past through there uh scale from outdoor blinds I guess Interviewer: okay now um in the bedroom uh the the well the hang the clothes up that is a 027: closet Interviewer: alright and have you ever had a movable one something like that that you could 027: no now Bill's family had a a wardrobe Interviewer: uh-huh 027: that uh it must be what you're talking Interviewer: Yeah but I had a great deal of difficulty with mrs. Toby she uh insisted that she calls the closet the wardrobe 027: many people do Interviewer: yeah 027: uh-huh #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 and # 027: quite true Interviewer: yeah and there's no uh and she uh 027: {NW} no black and white that if that's a wardrobe Interviewer: {X} they moved in it uh uh and some houses uh between the above the ceiling there's a an area sometimes we use it as storage area 027: oh the attic we don't have one of those Interviewer: and the in the kitchen oh what do you call these things here the white you have these white doors what 027: {D: liver door} Interviewer: yeah what's behind those 027: closets Interviewer: those are you call them 027: #1 storage closets # Interviewer: #2 you'd call them yeah # you call I was {NW} I was going to point those out to to mrs Hill but then I thought no I don't know what those were #1 {X} you have to # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: have have you know that opens up a completely different a terms so I avoid it in a kitchen sometimes there's a little place where you uh a small something like a closet we saw can goods and things 027: pantry Interviewer: and you had a little room where you kept old worthless furniture and implements and things like that 027: I figured most people call it a junk room Interviewer: and the and you called the the stuff that you put in there 027: junk Interviewer: okay and every morning someone goes around and 027: sweeps Interviewer: or just yeah sweeps and dusts all of those things together she you might 027: cleans Interviewer: yeah which I asked mrs Hill about that and I said I asked her about {D: read stuff} and she said I got a lot of bad words I use and even I don't use that 027: my grandmother did Interviewer: yeah I know that I think that's uh 027: my German grandmother Interviewer: is that right 027: uh-huh she always read at the table Interviewer: yeah I think that's about two generations but that's interesting maybe it's uh I never thought of it in terms of a of a possible Germanism but it could be 027: she's the only person that ever used it Interviewer: well you hear it a lot in western things you know old fashioned you know that old fashioned um and you sweep the floor with uh 027: broom Interviewer: alright and we're talking about um this in relation to this you could say this is 027: what the ashtray's almost full Interviewer: no he doesn't know but now it's 027: no it's beside it #1 a little lower # Interviewer: #2 lower # uh-huh 027: behind Interviewer: #1 well yeah well I was getting # 027: #2 it okay # Interviewer: in back of or behind it 027: behind Interviewer: alright the uh 027: {X} I might tell you that the supermarket was back of the uh garage I would I would more likely in giving you directions said that one building was back of another one than say it was behind it Interviewer: yeah maybe that has something to do with temporary versus permanant relationships 027: I don't know I hadn't thought Interviewer: #1 {X} yeah sure I # 027: #2 about it before but I just realized when I said behind that I do use back of # Interviewer: do too I wonder why I have I'll think about that that that's uh that's good but if you're talking about something if you're talking about something say the broom and the uh the door would you say it's back of the door or behind the door 027: behind the door Interviewer: okay and uh on Monday traditionally women did their 027: washing Interviewer: and on Tuesday 027: ironing Interviewer: and taken together you'd call that the 027: laundry Interviewer: and to get from the first floor to the second floor you might have to walk up 027: the stairs Interviewer: and outside coming from coming up into the house you might have to walk 027: up steps Interviewer: okay and out you mentioned that um in the house you you had a screened in 027: porches uh-huh Interviewer: uh now does a porch have to what what must a porch have in order to be a porch in your mind 027: uh that's real interesting because I call a terrace a porch half the time because I grew up with #1 porches # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: and uh Bill is very opposed to porches and we don't have porches Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: I think a porch has to be um not only attached to the house but uh elevated a little bit and roofed over Interviewer: okay it have to if it didn't now how is a terrace different from a patio 027: I think just because we're not in the west Interviewer: uh-huh 027: because it's an enclosed paved area that comes out of the house which is exactly what a patio is I guess Interviewer: yeah 027: but now we also call it a terrace now that you can't see just beyond this there's a another little place that winds out in the side walk down at the end of the rose bed where we have some chairs and a table and we call that the lower terrace Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and I don't really know why just the terminology we Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 use # Interviewer: uh that's interesting uh but I was wondering about the now would you have a different name for a large porch as opposed to a small one 027: a one that goes all the way around the house or all across the front would probably be a veranda Interviewer: uh-huh 027: but now that's getting into old Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 terminology # Interviewer: and uh just something up in like if you just come up the uh the steps in front of a house and there's just a 027: stoop Interviewer: okay now would that be is that a word you used in your childhood 027: yes Interviewer: okay uh a name for a damp cloth for wiping the floor 027: a rag Interviewer: uh do you this is probably you don't remember them doing the floor with you sand 027: {NW} no but I took my mother's pots and pans out cleaned them with sand after I baked a cake the first time Interviewer: {NW} if the door were open but you didn't want it that way you might tell someone please 027: close the door Interviewer: or not open but 027: shut Interviewer: and on a frame house they sometimes put up uh around the over the over the frame 027: oh siding Interviewer: alright and uh say I think I will get in the car and up to Knoxville and 027: go to Knoxville Interviewer: #1 {X} the car # 027: #2 I'll drive # Interviewer: #1 and yesterday I # 027: #2 uh-huh # drove Interviewer: and I have 027: driven Interviewer: and the out and the outer part of the house that the rain falls on is the 027: the roof Interviewer: yeah and the part that the rain is collected in around the edges 027: uh the gutters Interviewer: now kind of a a multi gabbled house you know that uh uh you know you call that space between where the gabbles come together 027: #1 the peak # Interviewer: #2 and leave # yeah the peaks are up here but 027: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 then # 027: no I don't the valleys the peaks and the valleys of the roof uh-huh Interviewer: um a uh something a separate building or something built onto the house or or a a little building for utilities uh implements and things 027: uh tool shed utility room Interviewer: now uh before they had indoor plumbing they had 027: outhouses Interviewer: uh any other jocular expressions for that or 027: my grandmother called it the garden house Interviewer: is that right 027: #1 and uh Bill's grandmother # Interviewer: #2 that I had that down here # 027: uh family called it the little house Interviewer: uh-huh that's good the garden house 027: my grandmother called it the garden house and she had roses growing off of it Interviewer: uh that's good uh someone that's telling you his problems and you say you might say I have my troubles I my own troubles 027: I have my own #1 troubles # Interviewer: #2 right # and someone says uh talking about uh a word and might say did you uh have you ever that 027: heard that Interviewer: and you say yes I 027: heard it Interviewer: uh 027: or I have heard it Interviewer: yeah okay um and someone says have you talking about seeing someone today 027: #1 have you see no I have # Interviewer: #2 that I haven't # 027: not seen her Interviewer: uh-huh and what about the use of ain't in your own 027: I had a hard time with ain't because I started uh it probably in junior high as a cute thing to #1 say # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: and I had a hard time breaking myself Interviewer: I see but as a small child it wasn't uh 027: no it it was something our our help used but we didn't Interviewer: uh-huh 027: that sort of thing but then I went through this cute period where I picked up many lovely expressions that I have quite a horrible time Interviewer: {NW} uh you know the expression {D: empty} uh meaning wanting to know if you might say to confirm something are you going and something that you might put on the end of a sentence are you going {D: empty} 027: mm-mm Interviewer: That isn't at all familiar alright uh someone asks uh about doing something you say all the time I all the time I 027: yes I do that all the time Interviewer: alright he 027: does it all the time Interviewer: uh-huh and then say you might ask someone else about you would say 027: didn't he do this Interviewer: and does 027: does he or did he or Interviewer: yeah does he what I said the whole thing does he does he 027: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 well using # Interviewer: do it in that sentence 027: oh does he do it Interviewer: yeah and you said yes he 027: uh-huh he does it yes Interviewer: alright and you say a a person who doesn't uh um take care of {D: whether he} watch out or what he's supposed to do you know you might say {D: he about anything} he's a 027: he doesn't look Interviewer: yeah 027: uh Interviewer: see you've been concerned about him I'd say he doesn't 027: he doesn't care about anything Interviewer: alright and if you wanted to do um uh uh you wanted to confirm something that someone else uh has has said you might say you don't think so 027: do you Interviewer: #1 {D: that sound like you she might be {X}} # 027: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: uh uh if you're not certain about something you might say I'm not 027: I'm not sure Interviewer: uh 027: half the time the rest of the time I would say certain Interviewer: alright um uh this was more sure as opposed to for sure I'm not 027: never for sure Interviewer: alright um uh have you spoken to so and so you'd say I talking to him when you came over I 027: I was talking to him Interviewer: uh-huh you 027: were talking to him Interviewer: uh and then talk about thinking about something you'd say all day long I 027: I was thinking about you Interviewer: have been 027: I have been yeah Interviewer: yeah uh and someone does something kind a strange your child kind of misbehaves say I wonder him do that I wonder what 027: I wonder made him do that Interviewer: in the in the present though say I wonder what made 027: what makes him Interviewer: yeah and say I don't know if he did that or not but people talk about thinking he did say people 027: people say he did Interviewer: yeah okay and that's fine and do do you and people uh people think he 027: I don't know whether he did that people think he did Interviewer: okay 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 and # the building a person lives in is a 027: well that's a question it's a house but it's also a home Interviewer: okay yeah now what how but what's plural the plural of house say 027: houses Interviewer: alright and the largest out building on a farm 027: it's a barn Interviewer: and the building for storing corn 027: oh dear the granary Interviewer: alright now did do you is that strictly literary or do you you know 027: grandfather had a granary Interviewer: and he kept corn in it 027: he kept grain in it now I don't Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 know if it was # corn Interviewer: #1 no now that # 027: #2 or not # I was a small child Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 when he died # Interviewer: okay well the granary how about corn crib or um 027: #1 now that I have # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: heard that term but I don't know what it what it is Interviewer: okay 027: I'm not much of a farmer Interviewer: uh there a lot of questions about but that's okay we'll {X} uh today upper part of the barn 027: it's the loft Interviewer: and the um a large collection of hay out on in a field 027: the hay stack Interviewer: and uh have you ever seen one with four poles and a sliding roof 027: a hay stack Interviewer: yeah 027: #1 huh-uh # Interviewer: #2 a covering # for a hay stack and at haying time the hay is sometimes tied up in a 027: the hay's not tied in shocks bales Interviewer: yeah well it used to sometime they used to put it in shocks 027: #1 did they # Interviewer: #2 uh yeah # 027: Bill is much more knowledgeable about #1 farm terminology than I # Interviewer: #2 {X} yeah # and the uh shelter for cows something attached to the 027: uh I would think the barn I don't know Interviewer: uh which do do you know the term cow bar or #1 oh cow {X} # 027: #2 oh yes cow barn oh yes # we have all kinds of barns Interviewer: uh-huh 027: hay barns and cow barns and uh-huh Interviewer: and uh and uh and a shelter for horses 027: it would be a stable Interviewer: alright and uh uh place where cows are staked to a pen at milking time outside is a is a 027: that I don't know they milk them inside #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 alright # the uh in terms of milk gap or cow pen they'll {X} alright and a shelter enclosure for hogs 027: would be a pig pen or a pigsty I suppose Interviewer: alright and a uh a place a uh a kind of farm that uh produce milk and butter 027: a dairy farm Interviewer: and a uh place where the stock is kept and fed near the near the barn 027: #1 {X} lot # Interviewer: #2 might be (X) # okay and then a uh a place where the cows a graze 027: in the pasture or meadow Interviewer: alright and to weed cotton with a hoe do you know what that's called 027: chopping cotton I bet Interviewer: okay that's right 027: that's getting down to Mississippi Interviewer: alright yeah uh to um uh any uh you know the name of any kinds of undesirable grass in a in a cotton field 027: not in a cotton field no cuz I don't know anything about cotton I can tell you about all kinds of {X} our yard Interviewer: #1 what kinds what kinds of weeds do # 027: #2 {X} # Well we have Bermuda grass well you can't grow uh any good grass around here blue grass because the Bermuda chokes it anyway and we have Johnson grass and we have crab grass and uh we have {D: plantain} and dandelion and Interviewer: you have uh Johnson grass but is it uh 027: it {X} see this whole subdivision used to be a farm and of the strange things that weren't wanted on the farm still pop up Interviewer: I see {NS} now if you're talking about a um place in the on a farm and you plant something you call that a 027: garden or a field Interviewer: Now what if it's not quite as big as a field 027: I would think it was a garden Interviewer: you have nothing between garden and field then a term 027: I don't believe uncle Hugh does Interviewer: {D: nothing of} planting uh 027: you're thinking of tobacco patch Interviewer: yeah you could use the word patch for something between uh a garden and a field 027: I don't know I think of a tobacco patch as just what I see when they put out the tobacco beds in the spring when they set the plants up cover them with tobacco cloth but everybody here has a tobacco allotment and I think it's a field size Interviewer: uh-huh 027: allotment Interviewer: okay now would you name some different kinds of fences 027: oh uh well we have a wind break out there at the end of each rose bed uh which are wooden fences and there's the Kentucky white wooden fence Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 that's # very pretty there's the picket fence of course there's page chain wire and then there's the farm wire and there's the barbed wire Interviewer: now what's what's a a picket fence 027: it is very much like our wood wind break out there except the pickets are pointed at the top there are narrow boards which are pointed at the top and their decorative Interviewer: how tall are they 027: they can be just about any height #1 {X} guess # Interviewer: #2 you mean if they were two feet # three feet or four feet it wouldn't make any 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 difference it would still be # 027: uh-huh Interviewer: picket fence um and do you remember any rail fences {X} 027: yes Interviewer: do you remember what they did they have any special name for for them uh 027: oh I had always just heard them called rail fences now uh Bill will tell you about stakes and riders Interviewer: uh-huh 027: which I think are the uh pieces that are used at the end of so many rails to support them Interviewer: um now did they did they call that did they call fences stake and rider fences around here as far as you know in this 027: #1 I think that something Bill # Interviewer: #2 area # 027: brought with him from Mississippi Interviewer: mm-hmm okay um and when you you're going to put up a fence in every corner you have to drive in a 027: {D: tar post} Interviewer: but a fence yeah alright and you have four of those so you have four 027: four corner post Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 four corners # to fence Interviewer: alright and a um uh if you took the loose rocks and stones out of the field and made what would you call that 027: a wall a stone {D: row} and uh when they just stacked up like this uh we used to call them slave walls because they were usually built by slave labor Interviewer: uh-huh 027: now ours out here uh was built by Bill and Thomas and it's uh the stones uh that he took out of Douglas lake when it was down it was stones that were the the uh foundation for his great great grandfather's house which is built on a land grant from the king in the territory of North Carolina Interviewer: is that right 027: so that's why we have that little stone fence out there Interviewer: and they were transport he transport where'd he he 027: up on Douglas Lake uh Bill took a trip up there when the lake was down and took some then had them get these uh stones out because the farm house uh was under water after the lake came up Interviewer: {X} that was is is Douglas Lake in North Carolina 027: no it's uh up here in Jefferson County Tennessee above Dandridge Interviewer: well how was that I don't understand about the land grant for the house 027: #1 uh what was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: from the King of England of when this was all North Carolina Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and uh Bill's uh relatives his ancestors settled that long ago but they owned their property by a grant from the King of England Interviewer: I see so uh up north {X} North Carolina then was uh included 027: we it it included all of Tennessee Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and then uh part of Tennessee what is now Tennessee uh from an independent state which was called the state of Franklin Interviewer: yeah 027: which existed for about two years and then we became Tennessee Interviewer: uh-huh yeah I remember I hadn't thought of it cuz I remember when you were mentioning before about the the developments in the late eighteenth century cuz I don't I have in my mind about nothing much happening before eighteen hundred but there certainly was 027: yes there was a lot happening around Interviewer: #1 sure # 027: #2 here # Interviewer: yeah um good dishes are sometimes called 027: are you speaking of china or the Sunday china Interviewer: well what's the difference between those two 027: none as far as I'm concerned except my wedding china which cannot be replaced I use more often uh for company china my everyday china which is more expensive than my wedding china is still my everyday china because it can be replaced Interviewer: I see would you call 027: they are both china I don't have any porcelain Interviewer: I see but you'd call them both uh you you'd call the one Sunday or company 027: good or wedding Interviewer: yeah 027: uh rather than Sunday or company actually my good china Interviewer: but but all of those terms mean the same thing 027: #1 china # Interviewer: #2 now # when you say wedding china is that because you 027: #1 got it at the time I was married it is # Interviewer: #2 specifically got it yeah # 027: mine now my mother's wedding china Interviewer: uh-huh 027: is my mother's wedding china Interviewer: I see okay now do you do you remember with chickens they used to put something into in the nest 027: uh they put some sort of a false egg in Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 to make the hen # think that she had laid one and she would start sitting a nest egg I guess it was Interviewer: #1 you never heard it # 027: #2 called # Interviewer: called the china egg though 027: I'm not sure I'm really not sure because it's not something I'm familiar with Interviewer: okay um the uh um to get water out of a well you might have to put it you have to you to take the water from the well in a 027: in a bucket Interviewer: yeah do you ever call anything else 027: the what the bucket Interviewer: or anything other than bucket 027: um no I guess you're thinking of a pail Interviewer: well I I was wondering if you'd make a distinction between one make of plastic or uh or galvanized uh 027: #1 no we'd call them # Interviewer: #2 would you call # 027: all buckets Interviewer: okay 027: I suppose {X} wooden one was the bucket and the metal one was the pail but I'm not sure Interviewer: {D: no I was gonna called them} all buckets or all pails 027: #1 oh {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I know people who call them wooden pails too # uh they um uh something to take uh food out of the house to feed the hogs you know 027: I guess your taking a bucket Interviewer: alright would you have any would call any special kind of bucket 027: oh the slop bucket Interviewer: #1 sure # 027: #2 sure slop # the hogs Interviewer: right {NW}{NW} If you're going to uh uh fry a couple eggs you do that in a 027: skillet Interviewer: alright um do you remember ever seeing any with legs they used to be used in a fire place 027: the house where my mother grew up had the big fire place across the #1 kitchen and they kept the old # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: uh utensil Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 there for show # Interviewer: do do you remember what that was called 027: I think it was called a spider Interviewer: okay uh and the heavy iron vessel with large opening that used to hang down in a 027: a kettle Interviewer: alright uh and what's another thing that their sometimes called a kettle 027: pot maybe Interviewer: yeah now do you make a distinction between those two terms do they uh have different 027: #1 to me # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: a pot is something you make coffee in and a kettle is something that hangs in the fire place and a pan is anything that I cook in I don't cook in pots Interviewer: okay 027: lots of people do Interviewer: yeah 027: it doesn't occur to me that Interviewer: #1 pots and pans # 027: #2 their pots # Interviewer: even if it's something like 027: #1 they're all pans # Interviewer: #2 coffee pot # 027: a coffee pot and the pans I cook in Interviewer: I see and then the and the other is the and the kettle is the 027: would be something that uh #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 would be {X} tea # tea kettle too wouldn't you 027: yes Interviewer: okay and something you put cut flowers in 027: a vase Interviewer: and uh at the table you have three implements a uh 027: knife fork spoon Interviewer: and you have a butter let's say you have at one 027: a butter spreader and salad fork Interviewer: yeah and you can take butter take butter spreader and a carving knife take those together say now I have two 027: two knives and a fork Interviewer: okay and after dinner one says now I must wash the dishes I must 027: wash the dishes Interviewer: and she holds she holds the dish under uh clear water she 027: is rinsing it Interviewer: alright and the food from the dish with the piece of cloth 027: she's scraping it Interviewer: #1 yeah what would she # 027: #2 wiping it # Interviewer: piece of cloth though what might #1 the cloth # 027: #2 oh # a dish rag Interviewer: alright and uh to dry the dish uh 027: a dish towel Interviewer: and uh a uh piece of cloth used in the bathroom for washing the face 027: wash cloth Interviewer: and dry yourself with a 027: towel Interviewer: the water at the uh sink comes out the 027: faucet Interviewer: and uh at the yard at the side of the house if you're gonna put you put the hose up to the 027: I still call it a faucet #1 y father called it # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: a spigot Interviewer: okay and how about uh on a barrel 027: is that a tap Interviewer: well that's that's fine uh say water last night the temperature dropped below forty-two the water in the pipe uh froze and then the pipe 027: expanded Interviewer: and then it 027: burst Interviewer: okay um something uh that pickles used to be stored in 027: oh a barrel Interviewer: alright and molasses and lard and things like that were shown in a 027: oh um in a big tin um lard can huh Interviewer: okay you know the term stand for something like that 027: huh-uh no Interviewer: um might pour uh sugar or something from a uh larger container into a smaller one and use a 027: oh um {X} Interviewer: #1 yeah sure # 027: #2 are you thinking of # Interviewer: um and if you're driving a horse you might have to crack uh 027: whip Interviewer: and you put a if you get a dozen oranges at the store at the grocery and put them {X} in a 027: in a bag Interviewer: {X} 027: or a sack Interviewer: yeah and that'd by made of what 027: oh paper or these days plastic mesh Interviewer: now alright now when you you ment- you were talking before about the use of the word pope 027: oh yes Interviewer: alright now but when you were a child was that a perfectly 027: that's what I had heard I do not know if I heard it from my family or the help but I always said paper poke until that time my godmother embarrassed Interviewer: #1 and how old were you uh # 027: #2 me so # uh seven or eight Interviewer: alright well uh where was your grandmother from 027: #1 now this was my godmother # Interviewer: #2 she was # 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: grown up here Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 with my mother # Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 and had # come back to visit Interviewer: I see okay um uh a large uh bag or sack that uh oh say a hundred pounds of potatoes would be put in what would 027: I have no idea a burlap bag Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 I guess # Interviewer: do you know the term uh either uh a croker sack or tow sack I have used tow sack because Bill would say croker sack #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 I # don't know why Interviewer: that's that {X} tow sack is a north of the Chattahoochee 027: #1 oh really # Interviewer: #2 River # tow sack and and uh in Georgia anyway 027: uh-huh Interviewer: midland and then and south of there croker sack croker sack is southern and and tow sack is south midland 027: #1 is that right uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 and {X} # the amount of corn or meal that you could carry to a mill at one time might be called a 027: oh riding load I guess Interviewer: alright and if as much as you carry in your arms the uh 027: what a hundred pound sack Interviewer: well no just if you kinda went out to the wood shed and then and loaded up the {X} 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: an armload of wood Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 and uh # Interviewer: and do you ever use the term a turn {X} you said no but would is it is that term familiar to you a turn of meal or flour or a turn of corn 027: um a turn of some vegetable like a turn of of something you've been cooking like it was one cooking word I made a turn of pancakes the bible #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Now I wanted to ask you some more about that turn would you you you didn't just mean because you turn it over 027: no it's a batch Interviewer: uh-huh 027: uh a turn Interviewer: what other kinds of things would you use {X} 027: I don't know really just a batch of anything that you uh are making Interviewer: {X} cookies 027: no it would it would more of a project I can turn jam or jelly or Interviewer: uh-huh 027: this sort of thing Interviewer: I see 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: huh-uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that's interesting uh {X} 027: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: yup one of the 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: basket Interviewer: and something smaller than uh than uh barrel the mail might come in 027: a big keg Interviewer: and I don't know but I I might have asked this yesterday {X} 027: are staves Interviewer: yeah no the staves are kept in place by 027: are by the ra- uh rams I guess Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 they're metal # Interviewer: yeah you can call them rams or you call them rings or you could call them uh there were kids oh five or ten years ago used to play with these things 027: #1 hoop of course # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: hoops Interviewer: uh-huh and something you put in the top of a bottle 027: cork Interviewer: now {X} and still call it that 027: I would think so that if it went in like a cork does if it were a metal thing that clamped on you call it a cap Interviewer: uh-huh but you'd call it a a rubber cork 027: #1 I would call it a # Interviewer: #2 you might say {X} # 027: cork now we uh open a bottle of champagne and that had a plastic cork Interviewer: #1 huh okay # 027: #2 and that's what we call it # Interviewer: that's what I was getting at now uh uh a music instrument that you blow in about this long 027: a French horn okay Interviewer: #1 now yeah # 027: #2 French harp I'm sorry # Interviewer: and now oh that's right oh well is there any thing else you call it 027: it is a har-{X} a harmonica Interviewer: okay and one that you hold between your teeth and twang 027: the only thing I've ever heard that called is a Jew's harp #1 and we used to call it juice # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: harp Interviewer: yeah uh-huh yeah both of those are 027: does it have another name Interviewer: no Jews harp is the uh is the uh official name they they uh as a I guess in deference to to a to fear of anti-Semitism or something they call them jaws harp the euphemism a jaws harp 027: oh really Interviewer: yeah there fact there's a book by a Roy Smeck that I found the how play it's instruction book how to play the jaws harp 027: oh Interviewer: and I think they in the beginning there's a very phony kind of history of the of the instrument and and he says that it was originally called the jaws harp but {X} yeah but they call it a bruise harp now there are a number of things they try to avoid calling it #1 {X} uh Jews harp # 027: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: now I don't know how it ever got the name though but it uh they uh something that you pound nails with 027: a hammer Interviewer: and the part of a wagon that comes up between the uh 027: uh-huh the tongue Interviewer: two horses and a buggy goes up on either side of it a uh 027: the wheels Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 the buggy # Interviewer: parts that goes up on either side of the of the uh of the horse just one horse 027: oh oh oh oh {D: when it meets between the shafts} Interviewer: yeah right and on a wooden wheel the outer part of the wooden wheel that the uh the metals that nail down the outer part of the of the wheel 027: it's the ram i guess Interviewer: yeah uh now uh now that's the metal part 027: uh-huh Interviewer: alright uh on a wooden wheel 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # the uh do you know what the wooden part underneath it is called 027: the circular part Interviewer: yeah 027: no I don't you have the spokes Interviewer: yeah but but the spokes 027: uh which are connected to the um huh to the center and to the outer rim but I don't know if the outer rim is #1 is called # Interviewer: #2 yeah well that's the # yeah that's something that's called the felly but 027: never heard of it Interviewer: now but part of a of a wagon is that the horses actually pull on thing that that thing that comes across in the back that they uh 027: it's a something tree single tree Interviewer: alright now have you ever heard of a now that I think that's the one that each horse pulls on but then sometimes there's one that goes all the way across of the you ever heard it called the double tree {NS} 027: I guess I have #1 I think I've # Interviewer: #2 that # 027: read it more than I've heard it Interviewer: uh-huh now if someone going back and forth with uh uh truck or a a wagon moving uh uh moving dirt uh or something you might say he was 027: hauling dirt Interviewer: and uh talking about uh dragging something out of of a field did he drag it out you say yes he 027: he dragged it out or drug it out Interviewer: do both both of those sound uh 027: neither sounds correct to me because I don't know which is correct Interviewer: uh-huh 027: quickly Interviewer: yeah but I mean but but neither one sounds uh 027: I have heard both Interviewer: uh-huh okay 027: I guess it's drag dragged drugged he had drug Interviewer: okay 027: I guess Interviewer: #1 okay that's fine okay # 027: #2 I'd have to look it up huh # Interviewer: uh the uh uh uh thing that you break up dirt with uh attached to the back of uh 027: #1 uh plow or a harrow # Interviewer: #2 a tractor yeah # now are there any different kinds of plows 027: #1 oh yes and # Interviewer: #2 and harrows # 027: Bill {X} could tell you every one of Interviewer: #1 huh you don't know the names of the # 027: #2 them but I can't # Interviewer: there are any of the harrow that comes up like this you don't distinguish one of the now the the part of it of the we're talking the wheel before that part there is the hub 027: #1 of course # Interviewer: #2 now # but now the in- what is goes into the hub 027: oh I really don't know Interviewer: um 027: #1 the axel # Interviewer: #2 um # sure 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: uh-huh Interviewer: and say it again I think I was 027: axel Interviewer: uh now if you were going to saw and and you saw fire firewood saw a whole log put that up on a thing that kind of X frame 027: uh-huh I don't know what it is Interviewer: well there alright have you ever you know the A you've seen the ones that kind of a A frame that has is kinda kinda flat on top and a carpenter would use that 027: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 and then # 027: a saw horse Interviewer: yeah now would you call it a saw horse also if it were shaped in this 027: I have no idea Interviewer: X frame 027: I don't know Interviewer: well that 027: be more of a cradle wouldn't it Interviewer: well sometimes it's called sometimes it's called a sawbuck 027: oh Interviewer: that's why a ten dollar bill is called a sawbuck because it's an X 027: my lesson for today Interviewer: {NW} uh the uh and you might use a comb on your hair or you might use a 027: brush Interviewer: and when you do that you say going to 027: brush my hair Interviewer: and to sharpen a straight razor 027: you strop Interviewer: alright and you in in a rifle you put a 027: cartridge Interviewer: and uh uh something children play with play on one sits on either end it goes up and down 027: seesaw Interviewer: and when they do that you say they're 027: seesawing Interviewer: alright have you ever seen a limber plank that's suspended on both ends it's anchored at either end and it's a long plank that kids jump up and down 027: teeter totter Interviewer: now that's and that's different from a 027: seesaw Interviewer: okay um and a home made merry go round remember a 027: huh-huh Interviewer: a uh it's something that would be suspended from a a have you ever heard of a thing like a ridey horse or a worley gig or a a flying jenny or a uh just a merry go round 027: uh no a ridey horse to me is a Interviewer: it's a hobby horse 027: uh-huh that sort of thing something that one child gets on and plays with Interviewer: i see now uh something suspended from a tree or a bar that has get's uh 027: a swing Interviewer: and it with a coal stove a person might have a small container next to the stove to keep keep uh 027: uh-huh a resevoir for water Interviewer: no {NW} 027: no no no {NW} Interviewer: now this is just with a little coal stove may have a coal coal coal house or a coal pile 027: #1 {X} a coal stove # Interviewer: #2 out in the back yeah # 027: beside it unless it was {D: brice} and then it would be a coal hearth Interviewer: is that right you distinguish the two on the we had a cole skillet came up and down from the basement 027: #1 and a cole # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: hearth that stayed on the fire place Interviewer: oh that's interesting that's an interesting distinction the uh uh on a stove the on a stove the part that goes up is a the thing you clean out and clean the uh soot out of 027: oh the stove pipe Interviewer: sure and this has one wheel and two handles people use it to a 027: {D: draft} {D: to adjust the drove} Interviewer: no this is no this is something that we're back outside again {X} this has just this has one wheel 027: oh excuse me I was back on the #1 stove # Interviewer: #2 yeah # and this that is something that you might use on the garden or they use in construction work has a large um bed and then two two two of the long handles that come back and one wheel in the front 027: wheel barrel {NW} Interviewer: and a portable sharpening stone something you hold in your hand 027: a whetstone Interviewer: and on that would be uh uh fixed on a stand with a 027: a grindstone Interviewer: alright and um you left your you got in your 027: car Interviewer: now have you ever called that anything else 027: I don't {D: Micheal Tray} always called his his machine but he lived in Saint Louis Interviewer: and uh but but you've never 027: I can never call it an automobile Interviewer: uh okay you'd never use the term automobile except with uh 027: in discussing uh maybe when I didn't um oh if I was if I were talking about something like uh display of Rolls Royce Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and Bentlys Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 I would say those # automobiles Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 on display # were very elegant Interviewer: if you're talking about it it if you said you're going to go down and buy a new a new car #1 or would you say I'm going down to the # 027: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: what would you put before dealer 027: uh probably the brand #1 name # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: of the car rather than just Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 car dealer # Interviewer: I see but if someone were to if someone wanted to just sold cars and you didn't know what kind of cars he sold would you call him a a 027: car dealer I guess Interviewer: rather than automobile dealer 027: uh-huh yes Interviewer: and when you take a car into a service station you put it up on a the put it up 027: #1 a grease rack # Interviewer: #2 on a # alright and uh they and so you say that he did what to the car he 027: greased it Interviewer: alright and the surface that had to uh wash off the service because it #1 was # 027: #2 it was # greasy Interviewer: alright and they might also change the 027: oil Interviewer: now what if probably what would you call I said service station would you call it a service station say I've gotta go down to the 027: half the time and the other time we call it a filling station Interviewer: okay it just 027: #1 I think the # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: term is changing Interviewer: uh-huh 027: #1 and we # Interviewer: #2 you don't` # call it a gas station 027: no Interviewer: #1 filling station or # 027: #2 or # service station Interviewer: okay and uh before they had electricity people used to burn 027: kerosene which we often call coal oil Interviewer: alright did you ever make one or see one of these lamps made just a make shift lamp or torch made with a rag and bottle and a uh 027: I don't think I've ever seen one I know the principle Interviewer: uh-huh and now uh a days tires are different but there was a time when tires were uh 027: {D: is that a tube} Interviewer: yeah what what would you call that uh 027: tubes Interviewer: would you call any {X} 027: oh an inner tube of course Interviewer: now if you were in if someone uh bought a new boat and then took it down to the water for the first time you'd say they're going to 027: launch the boat Interviewer: okay and now would you name some different kinds of small not uh small boats that are propelled by oars rather than motors 027: oh canoes and skiffs and um dinghies uh um um pirogue Interviewer: now is pirogue a literary original term is pirogue used around here 027: no I got that down in the gulf Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 coast # Interviewer: but uh it is it what about a kind of a homemade one that might have kind of a squared front 027: uh that as far as I know would just be a row boat Interviewer: okay jon boat or or bateau neither of those is 027: bateau again gets down in the gulf #1 coast to me # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # uh someone might ask you uh uh wants to know when you're planning to uh to make a trip and the answer is today you say I I am 027: I'm leaving today Interviewer: uh-huh and {X} using go 027: going today Interviewer: uh we 027: we are going today Interviewer: they 027: they are going today Interviewer: and someone is passing by passing out free samples and you don't they skip you and you might say and 027: am I entitled to one Interviewer: alright with using get and 027: am I am I going to get one Interviewer: yeah I'm sorry I didn't I 027: #1 I didn't understand the get I thought you said guess # Interviewer: #2 sure yeah uh-huh # if uh a child is uh running around a house trying to find a couple items of clothing you might say here 027: here are your clothes Interviewer: and you'd say I don't think so if you want to say many people that think so say that I don't think so but there 027: they do Interviewer: there 027: everybody does Interviewer: well using uh would you ever say there's many people think so 027: no I'd say there are many Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 people who think so # Interviewer: and now the expression right smart 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh # do you use it uh in 027: a facetious way #1 but it is uh # Interviewer: #2 I see # 027: a common term Interviewer: now how how would you use it 027: um let's see uh it would be uh we had right smart rain Interviewer: uh-huh 027: or uh I got right smart amount of window washing #1 done today # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: #1 that sort it's a # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: {D: climate daily} Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 thing # Interviewer: but you you'd say that about um uh you might use it though but it would be facetious 027: uh-huh Interviewer: alright um you might uh uh move over to pet a dog and the dog shies away from you and you you say going to hurt hurt you might say I 027: I wont hurt you Interviewer: going to hurt you alright 027: I'm not gonna hurt you Interviewer: uh and your not curtain you're right about something and you might say I'm right #1 {X} # 027: #2 I think # Interviewer: yeah but you you wanna put a you say I'm I'm right and then use I in that second part I'm right 027: I'm right I think I know I'm curtain Interviewer: you're not curtain though you just uh you want to confirm it with someone else #1 and you want to yeah # 027: #2 oh I right aren't I # uh-huh Interviewer: uh and uh someone thanks you very much for going someplace and doing something you'd say oh that's alright going to do it anyway we 027: we were going anyway Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 we were going to the town anyway # glad to take you Interviewer: someone says did you did you break that window and you say no it 027: it was broken Interviewer: #1 it what # 027: #2 when I came # Interviewer: you didn't do it you say no it was it wasn't 027: #1 no oh # Interviewer: #2 no it # 027: it was not I who did it Interviewer: alright now would you say that usually in uh 027: if I were thinking Interviewer: uh-huh 027: if not I might say no I don't say it wasn't me Interviewer: #1 huh # 027: #2 I think # I would say it wasn't I Interviewer: okay um if you want to know if someone's going someplace you might ask them 027: are you going Interviewer: yup now in observing folk's speech around here do you have you do you hear uh or have you heard people using be seriously saying be you going 027: {D: Thomas does} Interviewer: uh-huh and if you um you went into a store and they had a new food product they wanted you to try and they might give you a piece you'd call that a free 027: sample Interviewer: alright and would you use that for cloth if you if you were going to uh 027: oh let me huh let's see what do you say um let me have a piece off that I believe is what you say I am not a great fabric buyer Interviewer: uh-huh if um talking about a dress and someone might say now that's a what dress that's a 027: that's a pretty dress Interviewer: alright and this other dress is even 027: even prettier Interviewer: and over uh her dress when a woman's cooking she might wear a 027: an apron Interviewer: and this is a 027: I think it's a pan Interviewer: alright and something that you use to put together or hold together a baby's diaper 027: it's a p- uh uh a pin sorry Interviewer: alright and uh 027: I started to call it a pencil {NW} Interviewer: um the uh uh a uh a beggar might have a 027: cup Interviewer: and what what are they freq- traditionally made of 027: a tin cup Interviewer: alright and a um uh another word you might call it a dime or you might call it 027: ten cents Interviewer: yeah and over a shirt a man might wear a 027: vest or a waistcoat or a sweater now what about a waistcoat what what is that Interviewer: #1 is it different from a vest # 027: #2 um # uh yes it's more formal goes with um with a morning coat am I correct I'm not real sure Interviewer: but uh a man bought a business suit and ordinary business suit you'd call that 027: a vest Interviewer: alright and we're talking about a coat you'd say that coat has buttons {X} that coat has buttons 027: on it Interviewer: yeah and these are 027: pants Interviewer: can you call them anything else 027: trousers Interviewer: anything else 027: slacks perhaps Interviewer: alright never britches 027: #1 no {NW} well now hunting # Interviewer: #2 {NW} okay # 027: #1 uh hunting britches perhaps yes # Interviewer: #2 yeah alright or riding # 027: uh-huh Interviewer: someone might ask you did you bring that and you say yes I have 027: I brought it Interviewer: um uh tried that coat you tried that coat on yesterday and and you might you say I tried that coat on yesterday and the coat 027: fit Interviewer: uh and he he bought the pants and the coat that matched uh that was a 027: suit Interviewer: and not an old one it was a 027: new suit Interviewer: alright and the the pock- the pockets are all filled up with things the pockets really 027: bulge Interviewer: and the the collar was not the shirt was not the same size and so the collar 027: shrank Interviewer: alright it has 027: shrunk Interviewer: alright and we're talking and we say it it might 027: shrink Interviewer: okay you ever call have you ever called it anything else 027: no Interviewer: have you heard another 027: um uh no I don't think so Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 you # you might hear shrunk shrunken or something like that Interviewer: now I was thinking of {D: drop} oh yes drop 027: #1 I haven't heard that in years uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 huh yeah that's not # uh part of your vocabulary 027: {NW} with it's um vocabulary that I Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 recognize # Interviewer: it's not something that you you likely use 027: no Interviewer: if uh uh say uh girl likes to stand in front of the mirror and put on different clothing say she she really likes to 027: preen or primp Interviewer: uh now does primp usually is that usually limited to to to uh to makeup or is that 027: uh it implies makeup but also I think but also the entire process of being put together Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 properly # and and spending excessive time at this Interviewer: and how about preen is that the same thing or is that 027: preen is sort of admiring yourself Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 I think # Interviewer: what about a man who did this what would you use that's the same words for a man 027: um no you'd more likely say he was vain or um that he was strutting in front of the mirror Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 I think # Interviewer: that's good uh uh something you might take and carry in your hands you're going to the store you might have a 027: a purse Interviewer: okay and something you might wear on your wrist not a watch but a 027: bracelet Interviewer: and something uh you wear around your neck 027: a necklace or possibly a a chain or beads or pearls Interviewer: now if your if your pearls or beads you might what would you call that a what of beads or 027: a string of yeah a string of beads or uh Interviewer: #1 string of pearls # 027: #2 string of pearls # a strand of pearls more likely and I don't know why Interviewer: okay that's interesting now uh #1 {X} # 027: #2 {NW} cuz it # sounds more elegant like vase Interviewer: #1 {NW} someone once said McDavid tells a story # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: person very seriously told him he said uh you know vase and vase and the person gave both {X} person says vase or vase and he says what do you mean vase or vase and he says well if it's over three three dollars and fifty cents 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} it's a vase # something a man might wear over his shoulders to hold his pants up 027: oh suspenders and they also can be called galluses Interviewer: okay uh and you open this up on a rainy day 027: an umbrella Interviewer: and over the when the bed's being made the last thing you put on 027: is the bed spread Interviewer: now is that ever called anything else 027: depends on what it's made of the one uh in the guest room could be called a counterpane Interviewer: now what's the difference between a counterpane and uh and uh bedspread 027: uh a counterpane is um a woven I think of it as a white uh something that is washable and uh durable Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 whereas # bedspread to me is more likely to be something that is made of a uh finer fabric that's Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 more decorative # Interviewer: uh and something you put your head on that's a 027: pillow Interviewer: what about a long one that might go 027: oh that is a bolster Interviewer: and when you talk about that you say that bolster goes a bed it goes 027: across the bed Interviewer: not part way 027: #1 across the # Interviewer: #2 it goes # 027: head of the bed Interviewer: yeah it doesn't go part way across the 027: #1 no it goes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: all the way across Interviewer: okay and you don't would would you ever use anything else besides all the way like clean slam jam or 027: #1 {NW} no I've heard clean and plum both # Interviewer: #2 plum none of those yeah # uh and something like a blanket except it's uh it might be women make these or have 027: oh an afghan alright yeah but this is something Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 or a # throw Interviewer: uh 027: #1 a coverlet is # Interviewer: #2 now # 027: what you're Interviewer: #1 well coverlet is one # 027: #2 thinking # Interviewer: now co- coverlet is that something that's 027: #1 no it's # Interviewer: #2 tied or {X} # 027: woven Interviewer: alright 027: {X} woven on a loom Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 and it's # of wool Interviewer: yeah well that's one thing that now something that might not be {B} might be made of cotton {X} 027: oh your quilt Interviewer: alright now you know any of these that are tied rather than sewn 027: uh-huh you tie a comfort Interviewer: okay 027: uh and it often is filled with wool or down Interviewer: okay 027: and it's made of silk or uh satin tight material rather than cotton and it's mostly quilt {X} quilt Interviewer: huh but that and that would still be 027: #1 that is a {X} # Interviewer: #2 that's not just puff # 027: puffy sort of thing that tied uh at regular intervals rather than being intricately stitched Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 in a pattern # as a quilt is Interviewer: a bed made on the floor is called a 027: a pallet Interviewer: and what and land that is very productive is called 027: fertile and land low lying land Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 bottom # bottom Interviewer: alright now uh low lying grass land might be called a 027: a meadow I don't know Interviewer: yeah that's just exactly right and now one that uh low lying grass land that's uh either open uh you could tell me if it's open or overgrown and there's water standing in there all the time 027: uh that's a swamp Interviewer: uh now what would you call one along the sea 027: uh marsh Interviewer: and and that is that distinction you make between the swamp and a marsh 027: um um a marsh has grass yes it would be a salt marsh and a swamp uh has not only grass but trees all kinds of things and it very often is has enough vegetation you think you could walk on it but you can't Interviewer: would you always thing of a swamp as something overgrown rather than 027: #1 yes I think # Interviewer: #2 over # 027: so uh although there are water ways through the swamps Interviewer: uh-huh {X} uh sometime in along the coast you see a tall grass like water in there {X} 027: salt marsh Interviewer: yeah that that's what salt marsh 027: I think Interviewer: alright uh what do you call poor soil do you have a 027: oh used to say red clay {NW} other than poor soil I don't know unless you would go into the fact that it was clay or heavily embedded with limestone Interviewer: alright yeah uh do you ever what does the word {D: lull} mean it's very sandy fertile lush soil 027: #1 we don't have any of that around here # Interviewer: #2 okay that's good soil though # 027: excellent Interviewer: and uh what would you call rich black soil 027: I don't know unless it's good black dirt Interviewer: alright if um uh there was a uh some low land and the farmer wanted to get the water off you'd say uh now they are what the marshes 027: they gonna drain Interviewer: alright and they uh and they'd have to cut a 027: a channel Interviewer: and a um shallow arm of the sea you know uh water 027: oh an inlet uh a harbor Interviewer: yeah inlet's fine {D: tight like a tapestry} 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # a narrow or deep valley of a small stream 027: of a small stream Interviewer: yeah a smalls stream running down at the bottom 027: that's a young stream but I don't know what uh Interviewer: well would you um what would you call a channel cut by erosion erode or 027: I would just call it eroded Interviewer: I would would you ever use the term gully 027: oh yes of course I more often use it in terms of describing a very hard rain out in the country Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 you might say # this is a gully washer Interviewer: uh-huh but I mean you wouldn't 027: I would not say I saw a gully it wouldn't occur to me I've heard it Interviewer: what would you call it that 027: I would just say uh uh deeply eroded area Interviewer: okay now but uh do you ever use the term ravine 027: no Interviewer: or hollow or a wash or 027: now hollow yes because of the hollow back in hill Interviewer: uh-huh 027: meaning more to me a little pocket Interviewer: #1 like cold or something like uh-hug # 027: #2 area yes uh-huh # Interviewer: now uh what small fresh water stream well there all fresh water streams now what what stream are there around here beginning with some of the smallest ones going to the 027: Maryville is surrounded by Pistol Creek Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and we don't know why it's called Pistol Creek it is on the earliest maps Interviewer: it goes all the way around 027: it goes completely around the town and that's why the town is built on a ridge so that in times of um epidemic there was excellent drainage Interviewer: uh-huh 027: uh down to the creek on both sides and then there are several good springs until about ten years ago we got our water here from springs entirely there's Pearson Spring right down here below us is a very large spring and there was Hannum spring over about where the shopping center is and {X} Spring uh which is now under the road under the new road um uh uh springs that I can think of immediately they were of the rivers in the mountains there is the Pigeon and the Little Pigeon and the Little Tennessee and then of course on down there's Tellico and North River Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and then the river that you came and crossed yesterday at Knoxville is the Tennessee River Interviewer: #1 sure # 027: #2 and the uh # area at Knoxville itself is the Fort Loudoun embayment of the Tennessee River Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 so # {X} the Fort Loudoun Dam Interviewer: now what about do you have any sm- now you have Pistol Creek are there any other creeks 027: Stock Creek is out a little bit uh from town there quite a few creeks I can't think of any names Interviewer: #1 is # 027: #2 of them right now # Interviewer: is there uh in your mind a difference between a creek and branch 027: a branch is a spring branch Interviewer: okay now is there any uh uh would you call is that something that comes from a spring 027: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 you mean you're talking about one of these # these springs around here 027: yes there's a nice branch down here that uh when we go down Sandy Springs Road we cross over a small bridge and that's over the spring branch from Pearson Spring Interviewer: I see 027: the branch is fed with the clear cool water from the spring it often has watercress growing in it and uh a pleasant Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 place to picnic # Interviewer: and you and you but you wouldn't call you don't really identify that by name you just I mean as anything other than its it's a spring branch from 027: #1 Pearson Spring uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 from from a particular spring # I see uh um now elevations of land from the smallest to the highest what would you can just a a very slight elevation a well like right out in back here you might call it 027: that's a terrace which we've we Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 named{NW} # Interviewer: if it were natural what would you call it 027: just a delightfully flat piece of land Interviewer: #1 well if it comes up # 027: #2 I {X} # Interviewer: #1 a a little bit # 027: #2 it slopes # or it's hilly or uh rolling rolling I think of as more of the hills and then we get to the foot hills out here and the nobs now that might be a term that uh Interviewer: yeah we have that he but now what is a nob from a a how is a nob different from a 027: it's a little round hill Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 and there are lots # of them near the foot hills and you uh often would hear the old farmers say their cattle had gotten lost up in the nobs Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and it was a specific area up uh tall Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 hills # but they're round Interviewer: uh-huh 027: they're knobby lookin Interviewer: and are are they ju-ju is each of these a name or 027: I'm sure they have I don't know of any which are named but I'm sure if we got out the map of the Interviewer: #1 huh # 027: #2 mountains # for instance we would find each one is Interviewer: #1 and then # 027: #2 named # Interviewer: the higher the 027: #1 higher # Interviewer: #2 uh # 027: the knobs come the foothills {X} Interviewer: It's right down the road this way is this the entire Smoky Mountains the entire 027: the back range that Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 you see # is a part of the Smoky Mountains the first mountain that you see out here with the cut on it is Chilhowee Mountain Interviewer: uh-huh 027: uh which is uh a little mountain Interviewer: now where is uh and that is that Clingman's Dome is that uh 027: that's uh at the it's one of the crest peaks of the Smokys Interviewer: uh-huh 027: the highest up Interviewer: #1 {D: can you see that in the mirror} # 027: #2 the highest mountains # no Interviewer: now the one now it seemed to me that I saw one that was it looked like it was {D: colvin} on the top it looked 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: and that's Chilhowee Mountain 027: no that would be a gap in Chilhowee #1 Mountain looking # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: out this way you see Butterfly Gap and then you see uh Myers gap and back uh toward {X} the hospital has a beautiful view of Walland Gap and these are actually the the passes in the Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 mountains that the # early settlers came through Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and they called them gaps Interviewer: but they they came right {X} over the top of that 027: #1 this is true # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 yeah right over the top of the # mountain there 027: so did the Indians see they followed the Indian trails Interviewer: uh-huh 027: our road that goes up Chilhowee Mountain was built by the Indians and they were paved in calico {C:paid?} Interviewer: is that right 027: yes in my parents' lifetime Interviewer: is that so 027: uh-huh Interviewer: {X} is there a road that goes all the way up the mountain 027: there is now uh the foothills parkway goes across the top of Chilhowee Mountain and when it is completed will join the blue ridge parkway Interviewer: uh-huh 027: will be part of the Appalachian Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 a trail # and uh we ha- through a lot of Bill's work had a county road which uh exits onto the foothills parkway so that we from here can go across Chilhowee Mountain and across the little mountain and across uh no Brown's Mountain's out here Chilhowee Mountain and little mountain and get onto the parkway Interviewer: well it seemed to me as I drove down that way that it looked like the tallest of the mountain there were two of them down there it seemed now what are those is that 027: uh there are a couple of the balds in the Smokys I do not know their names and my cousin Charleston could stand right here and identify every one of them for you Interviewer: what now where where {X} is the rest of the Smokys are they behind uh these or 027: no they go on up east Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and down see you hit the blue ridge when you uh Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 get down uh # Interviewer: #1 # 027: #2 # and the whole range is actually called the Smokys which is a part of #1 the Appalachian # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: #1 range # Interviewer: #2 but # now is is the rest of them up there on Gatlinburg is that where is that where um 027: #1 Gatlinburg # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: uh you go across Clingman's Dome you see above Gatlinburg and then uh the mountains go on east up into Virginia Interviewer: how far up does road is there is there a road on Clingman's Dome is that 027: I do have to walk the last um I have no idea because I don't hike it's a nice hike your best hike your tallest peak in the eastern United States is Mount Le Conte and this is an overnight hike there's a lodge up there Interviewer: and when was is that in North Carolina 027: it's in Tennessee Interviewer: I thought Clingman's Dome was the highest elevation here 027: uh Mount Le Conte's the highest Interviewer: is that right {C: it isn't} 027: uh-huh Interviewer: okay 027: quite certain Interviewer: yes the {D: maps} are wrong I I thought I'm sure I saw that uh uh that Clingman's Dome is mentioned all the time I thought 027: it's uh what's the elevation of Clingman's Dome three thousand Mount Le Conte is taller Interviewer: and and is that over near Gatlinburg 027: in that area Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 yes # Interviewer: it is that where the Smokys end just north of there is it 027: no they go on up up toward Virginia into Virginia Interviewer: oh is there still Smoky up there in in in uh the north east corner of the states up there uh 027: yes uh-huh Interviewer: you know a uh mountain city in 027: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 in that that's still # part of the Smokys now you mentioned a gap are there other things between mountains beside gaps 027: valleys Interviewer: yeah but I mean things that you can look through or see through or walk through 027: oh passes gaps Interviewer: #1 yeah is a pass # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: and a gap the same thing 027: I don't I think a pass is a smaller {NS} higher thing a gap is a pretty wide place that you could bring through the horses Interviewer: #1 huh # 027: #2 and the buggies and the # equipment now it up in Vermont they tell me they call the gaps notches Interviewer: yeah that was ano- I was going to ask you about the word notch 027: #1 I had never # Interviewer: #2 and also # 027: heard it until one of my friends who came from Vermont Interviewer: and also the word clove yeah 027: no not at all Interviewer: uh uh a sharp face uh on a on a mountain 027: oh uh a uh a bluff? a um #1 you mean of stone # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: cliff Interviewer: yeah and the plural of that 027: cliffs Interviewer: and a place where where where boats stop and freight is unloaded 027: a dock Interviewer: uh and in San Fransisco they have a fisherman's 027: oh wharf Interviewer: now you would never you wouldn't use wharf though for 027: not around here Interviewer: the river 027: huh-uh Interviewer: and when the water runs along and then suddenly drops off 027: it's a waterfall Interviewer: and what about a small one 027: it's a little waterfall Interviewer: alright what about when it just uh it's fairly noticeable as far as the drop that the water swirls around 027: oh a cascade Interviewer: yeah no that's I was thinking about either um shoals or uh rapids if if either of those 027: I suppose we would use rapids up here in little river actually we call it the white water because it's good trout water Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and um it's rocky and very white Interviewer: uh-huh and that and you and you'd call it white water rather than 027: because uh you fish Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 for trout in the # white water Interviewer: uh-huh okay that's good uh now some different kinds of roads based on their size and material used in the composition 027: well you have a dirt road and then um I don't know if they still have pikes but uh the the gravel road used to be called a pike Interviewer: uh-huh 027: this was the old mass berry pike up here and then you get down to hard surface and you have secondary roads and uh your primary roads uh are highways I assume until you get to the uh interstate and the expressways and Interviewer: #1 okay now sure # 027: #2 {X} sophisticated # Interviewer: what about the um uh uh uh second in the composition of the secondary road 027: it would be a hard surface like a macadam or an asphalt or something of the sort it would not be gravel or rock or dirt Interviewer: one that's made of gravel and that black stuff that's 027: that's macadam Interviewer: uh-huh or sometimes they call it yeah 027: uh black just black top Interviewer: sure what the black top mcadam or these are the same thing that 027: I do I think macadam is a little more sophisticated refined process Interviewer: now a road um off the secondary road that goes up in you know into the the neighborhood is uh well like out in front here what do you call this 027: we call it south wood drive Interviewer: yeah well know would you call it a 027: a residential street Interviewer: yeah would you call it ju- or uh you wouldn't call it what about a neighborhood road would you what would you say if someone said a neighborhood road what would you uh um uh whatever something like a neighborhood or a country road or 027: #1 might # Interviewer: #2 uh # 027: be a lane Interviewer: uh-huh is a lane something you can drive on 027: yes uh going up to grandfather's house there was a lane I never understood why it wasn't a driveway unless it was because it was on the farm and it had a stone fence on Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 each side of it # Interviewer: now that would go from the public road up to the house 027: up to the house uh-huh Interviewer: that's like would you well you call it a driveway 027: I would Interviewer: #1 what was that by the way that # 027: #2 {X} # down um in Blount County it's in an area that's under Fort Loudoun Lake now Interviewer: oh yeah {X} what about something that goes from the barn to the pasture that you could just you could walk on 027: I guess that would be a trail or a path Interviewer: alright and the plural of path 027: paths Interviewer: and something across a public road if there are two lines you know and your suppose to walk 027: #1 oh a cross walk # Interviewer: #2 in them # alright now if um uh in the city uh in town the um the you don't walk in the street you walk on the 027: on the side walk Interviewer: now sometimes there's the side walk and then there's some grass before you get to the street 027: oh yes that uh I really don't know what it's called unless it's a grass strip Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 now in the boulevard # uh that's not what you're #1 talking about the strips in the # Interviewer: #2 that # #1 that's not in the middle right # 027: #2 middle between the two sections of the street # Interviewer: a grass strip is one that's given something uh uh someone might chase a dog away might pick up a 027: a stick Interviewer: or something {D: to harm it} 027: a stone Interviewer: now 027: {D: that'd be a rock} I'd call it a rock Interviewer: do you make a distinction between rock and stone 027: uh-huh a stone is um something that has been worn smooth by erosion or uh by rapid motion as in the river and a rock to me is something that is younger and newer and has jagged edges Interviewer: okay and he 027: threw Interviewer: alright uh and you go to a friend's house and ring the bell and you there's no answer and you say well I guess she isn't 027: home Interviewer: and you might uh uh someone says I don't like to eat this cereal uh dry I'd rather have it 027: with cream Interviewer: alright or using uh milk you say with 027: rather have it with milk Interviewer: alright and then oh the other way you might say dry or with 027: dry or with Interviewer: with yeah well another way of saying dry instead of using dry you might say you say with milk or with 027: plain Interviewer: uh-huh or with 027: nothing Interviewer: or without 027: with with or without is Interviewer: #1 yeah that's right that's it that's my problem # 027: #2 that you is that your problem {NW} # Interviewer: if uh he wasn't going away from me he was coming 027: toward me Interviewer: alright and you hadn't seen someone for a long time if you want to tell your husband guess who I ran 027: ran into today Interviewer: yeah and uh we named the gave the child the same name as uh an uncle or something you say we named the child 027: for Interviewer: and a four legged animal that barks is a 027: is a dog Interviewer: and a call to a dog to attack another dog 027: attack Interviewer: you might say attack if you're just gonna uh 027: um sic him Interviewer: yeah now a dog of mixed breed 027: um it's a dog I it could be called a cur I suppose Interviewer: do you every use anything like a a a scrub or a feist or a mongrel 027: uh mongrel yes and I have heard the term feist uh my father used to use it for a small terrier sort of Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 dog of # mixed breed Interviewer: uh-huh 027: uh we're more likely just to say it's all dog Interviewer: okay and he was by a dog he was 027: he was bitten Interviewer: say that the dog 027: bit him Interviewer: um uh I saw 027: a dog bite Interviewer: yeah now uh the expression dog bit is that at all familiar to you 027: I have heard it uh-huh uh I think that's something that um Mrs Hill might say Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 he was # dog bit Interviewer: uh-huh and a that principle milk giving animal is a 027: cow Interviewer: and the male 027: is a bull Interviewer: now do you remember ever ever hearing any um term either technical terms used by farmers or euphemisms used in the presence of women or used by women instead of using the term bull 027: oh dear this a male cow I #1 guess # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 027: I don't Interviewer: #1 have you heard that {X} no that's that's one of them sure # 027: #2 sounds a little strange but I think that's # Interviewer: um and {X} uh talking about they sometimes use horses to plow but some people have used 027: oh mules Interviewer: and two of them together would be a 027: a team of mules Interviewer: alright and you're talking about shoes you'd say a 027: pair of shoes Interviewer: or would you ever use that with mules 027: no you but you have a matched pair of horses Interviewer: okay now to be a pair then it would they'd really have to be matched 027: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 there I see # and a um uh a baby cow is called a 027: calf Interviewer: and if the cow's going to give birth to a calf you say Daisy is going to 027: I've got one for you she's going to be fresh Interviewer: okay uh they um uh animal you ride is a 027: is a horse Interviewer: the plural 027: horses Interviewer: and the female 027: is a mare Interviewer: and the male 027: stallion Interviewer: say uh talking about get up on a horse's back say I'm going to 027: mount Interviewer: and then I'm going to 027: ride Interviewer: yesterday I 027: rode Interviewer: and I have 027: ridden Interviewer: and he wasn't very experienced he was on a horse and he fell 027: he fell off or he was thrown Interviewer: alright and a little boy had put chairs next to the bed because they were afraid that he might 027: roll out Interviewer: or 027: #1 fall out # Interviewer: #2 yeah # last night he 027: fell out Interviewer: alright and this is a game {X} pitch this thing is it a stake 027: horse shoes Interviewer: alright and the horse wears these on his 027: on his feet Interviewer: yeah or on his 027: hooves Interviewer: and the singular 027: hoof Interviewer: uh you're not familiar with any other uh outdoor games similar to horse shoes where something is tossed at a at a ring or I mean as a as something tossed uh either a ring or something 027: #1 oh um # Interviewer: #2 that you would to # toss of a stake 027: there was one we had different colored rings Interviewer: huh 027: only thing I can think of is ring toss and that is certainly is not the name of the game Interviewer: no uh quite circle 027: #1 uh-huh true # Interviewer: #2 {X} yeah it that # 027: yes with a little it was a uh a rope Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 sort of # uh circle with uh {D: made out of} leather Interviewer: uh-huh 027: um joined together Interviewer: and what did you call that 027: those were quoits Interviewer: okay well I didn't know if was quarts or quoits {NS} and a uh uh the uh the animal that um um uh a male sheep is called a 027: ram Interviewer: and the female 027: ewe Interviewer: and the sheep's back is 027: wool Interviewer: and the uh animal that pork comes from 027: is the pig or the hog Interviewer: alright and the male is called a 027: oh well the hog the male is the hog and the female is a sow Interviewer: yeah well this is something they sometimes um use for a term they use when they talk about about the wild isn't it 027: oh a wild boar Interviewer: alright now are there any other terms you can think up for wild one 027: razorback incidentally we saw a wild boar the other day up on {D: fun town} Interviewer: is that right 027: I'd never seen one before it came down the mountain side when we were fishing Interviewer: it's a pretty good size 027: uh-huh yes it came right down uh it was making a great deal of noise going through the dead leaves but of course it doesn't fear anything Interviewer: uh-huh 027: everything got away from it Interviewer: uh-huh now does it have two what do you call those things 027: their tusks Interviewer: okay did it have 027: I didn't see it that Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 closely I was at a # distance Interviewer: uh-huh that's interesting I've people once in a while there I guess they're 027: #1 I had never seen one before # Interviewer: #2 I guess they're pretty rare # and a uh uh when you talk about the cats say the cat was spayed and what do you call that for a male animal when they 027: oh now he is Interviewer: spayed not spaying spay yeah 027: he is uh let's see he's neutered Interviewer: uh-huh 027: actually we call it altered for both sexes Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 with the cats # Interviewer: now what about for a for a hog 027: I guess it would be the same thing I don't #1 know # Interviewer: #2 i- is # there is there a name that you'd call a hog that had been uh 027: I don't know unless that's a shoat I don't know what a shoat is I think a shoat may be just a #1 young # Interviewer: #2 yeah # now something that's called a barrel or a stag or a rick 027: I've never heard of it Interviewer: heard of a barrel 027: huh-uh Interviewer: um and a hog eats from a 027: trough Interviewer: the plural 027: troughs Interviewer: and the uh the stiff hairs on a hogs neck 027: they're bristles Interviewer: and a uh sound a cat makes being weened 027: oh it bawls Interviewer: and the sound a calf or cow makes at feeding time it 027: it lows Interviewer: alright and the horses make at feeding time 027: oh they make a snuffling breathing #1 noise # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # now that's it exactly but do you have a name for that either 027: I'm trying to think of one snorting I guess that's not exactly it though it's snuffling uh Interviewer: well #1 some of the # 027: #2 {X} feed # Interviewer: um chussler knicker quicker winner winker laugh or winnie 027: well now knicker and whinny I think of more as when they want your attention when they're frightened rather than a feeding noise Interviewer: you think of knicker and winnie as the same thing 027: just about #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 alright # and if you're going to feed these uh animals we're talking about you say I'm going out to feed 027: feed the horses Interviewer: alright all of them though it would be the you're going to feed horses and cows 027: oh the stock #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 alright # and if you and the animals that you feed you through out the feed down like this it's like the 027: the chickens Interviewer: alright would you ever use anything else if you had ducks and geese which you they probably don't have around here 027: oh pets Interviewer: yeah well now these would be the {D: brave net} for for eating 027: uh they sometimes think they're gonna raise them to eat but they end up being pets Interviewer: alright a uh hen sitting on an egg would be called a 027: a setting hen Interviewer: and a small well different any any different kinds of of uh of uh enclosures that that chickens live in 027: oh the mother chicken well hen with her chicks lives in a coop lots of times and uh then later they get into a hen house Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and then of course on your commercial scale you have these long chicken houses Interviewer: and a bone that um that children like to pull a chicken bone they 027: oh a wish bone Interviewer: now what is the um the traditional thing on the wish bone which end do they what what do they 027: one end gets the wish and it's whichever end you have {NW} changes Interviewer: it isn't the bigger one or the smaller one no 027: seems to depend on who's calling it which end Interviewer: #1 have you ever heard any kind of a of a of a # 027: #2 it is # Interviewer: uh um uh superstition or tradition where the wish bone is put up over a door 027: no now with a horseshoe yes but not the wishbone Interviewer: in um north Georgia a couple of places got they call it a boy bone they call that bone the boy bone and call that's just the boy and they the little boy and they put it up over the boy and supposedly the first male to come through the door after it's been up there is going to marry the eligible daughter in the 027: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 and I said # 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} mrs {X} she said well I didn't know that but I'll have to put one up cause I have a couple here I'm looking to get rid of {NW} in terms of these comprehen- comprehensive terms of the edible insides of a pig or a calf kinds of 027: {NW} oh the organs I don't know Interviewer: yeah well I just uh kind of a uh well the for instance one thing is the uh the intestines you know of uh of a hog scrape out and fry 027: {NW} would that be chitterlings I don't Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 know # Interviewer: yeah uh but I'll tell you something else something like {D: uh haslits harslits plucks squin livering lights paunch nuts} 027: liver and la- lights I have heard Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 but I thought # liver and lights was more of a joke than a real term Interviewer: no lights I think is the lungs 027: I guess so Interviewer: I think so um the time when animals are given their food is called 027: feeding time Interviewer: now do you remember on the you were uh your father own a farm or your grandfather 027: my grandfather #1 and he # Interviewer: #2 did # 027: died when I was four Interviewer: I see so you don't remember much about him um how they call housing from the pasture 027: oh let's send the dog after him Interviewer: but if they were gonna call on them is there any 027: I have no idea Interviewer: or to to make cows stand still at milking time 027: oh was it soo Interviewer: well 027: soo cow soo or is that pig calling Interviewer: a sow or saw maybe uh or calls to calves to get them to come in 027: #1 don't know # Interviewer: #2 call # calls to mules or horses to make them turn left or right 027: oh gee and haw Interviewer: and do you know which is which 027: gee's left and haw is right Interviewer: and calls to uh to horses to get them into the pasture 027: I don't know Interviewer: and the call to get a horse started 027: giddy up Interviewer: and to make them would you use that now to get them started but after their on to their pasture something you might say 027: I really don't know you whip it and say come on boy come on out {X} talk to it Interviewer: alright something to stop the horse 027: whoa Interviewer: or to make a horse back up 027: whoa back up Interviewer: okay call and calls to pigs you mentioned this before but that's 027: soo Interviewer: and calls to sheep 027: I don't know Interviewer: calls to chickens 027: chick chick chick chick chick Interviewer: alright and you're taking some horses out you might say I want to what the horses I want to 027: pasture Interviewer: yeah you want you want to uh you know get them ready for driving 027: #1 oh I want to # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: saddle them um uh harness them Interviewer: alright saddle would be for riding 027: #1 riding harness for driving # Interviewer: #2 riding {X} for driving # alright and the things you hold when you're um riding when you're riding a horse back 027: oh the reins Interviewer: and the things you hold when you're driving 027: are the reins Interviewer: or plowing you still call them 027: the reins Interviewer: and the uh thing to put your feet in 027: are the stirrups Interviewer: and the horse on the left in plowing that's sometimes in the furrow 027: is he the lead horse Interviewer: okay and talking about the distance uh someplace else oh that isn't far that's just {X} {X} 027: a little piece Interviewer: alright and it's a considerable distance 027: that's a good piece Interviewer: okay you wouldn't say a perfect piece though 027: well I #1 might but it would be uh # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: #1 facetious uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 facetious # and if something isn't difficult say oh you can find that 027: you couldn't miss it Interviewer: yeah you can find it but someone sees something you hadn't picked up at the drug store or something say oh you can find that almost 027: almost anywhere Interviewer: alright and if someone fell this way you'd say he fell 027: backward Interviewer: and he fell this way 027: forward Interviewer: and if uh you might uh someone might ask you for something you say uh there no more left uh say do you have any of these left and you say no we haven't no 027: we haven't any we have Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 none # Interviewer: well would you would you ever use not a one 027: uh no um now I've heard nary a one Interviewer: yeah but that's again is 027: that's uh dialect Interviewer: sure uh and if someone um is uh accuses you of having uh well say a police man stops you and you say well why'd you stop me I I 027: I didn't do anything Interviewer: alright um oh and say someone breaks something of yours and you're whether you like your being polite 027: #1 doesn't matter oh # Interviewer: #2 about it they said well that's good # cuz I didn't like it 027: not at all Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 I'm so glad to # be rid of it Interviewer: alright and if someone uh um uh passing out something samples and you say well you didn't give me 027: any Interviewer: uh 027: #1 or one # Interviewer: #2 okay # alright and uh uh child seems spoiled you say when he grows up he'll have his trouble 027: that's exactly what I would say but I don't find Interviewer: #1 yeah alright well I was thinking about # 027: #2 anything further to say about it # Interviewer: you weren't you weren't absolutely certain about it but you might say he'll have his trouble life is not apt is not 027: #1 I'm pretty sure he'll have his trouble when he's # Interviewer: #2 probably yeah # 027: grown up Interviewer: you wouldn't use apt is not or like is not 027: no I don't believe I would Interviewer: alright and a trench is cut by a plow 027: oh rows or furrows Interviewer: yeah and we raised a big of wheat this year yeah we raised a 027: #1 crop # Interviewer: #2 big # and we to remove the the uh shrubs and trees on the land you might say 027: #1 we cleared it # Interviewer: #2 that we # alright um {NS} 027: people um I've heard it many times Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 I didn't know what it # meant at first they'll say she fell out Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and uh we had a terrible time bringing her around Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 you know # after she fell out {NS} it's uh just absolutely and I uh was talking about with {B} one day and Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 she said she uh # had found it in Kentucky also that she was walking down the street and there was this person unconscious in the street and she said what happened and the person said that was standing over them said she fell out Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and Maria said fell out of what Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 thinking of a # window you know and no she had just fainted Interviewer: that's very interesting I as a matter of fact I'm going to add that uh when I get to uh when I have that investigate that as a um an expression for uh um {NS} I'll look into that that's good no I never had I never heard that I thought you were going to say like a falling out you know 027: #1 yes no I I though it this morning when Rose was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: talking about chasing the children's uh wading pool last night when it blew away {C: scratching noise begins} and uh I said {D: immediately} {C: scratching ends} without thinking I said well you talk about Gwen falling out all the time they're going to be talking about you Interviewer: uh-huh 027: running around over the hill at midnight Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 027: #2 {X} you know and then I thought # I wondered if you had heard Interviewer: #1 no but their falling out # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: wouldn't be I mean they're running around chasing the swimming pool at midnight 027: well no uh Gwen uh has a brain tumor or #1 something # Interviewer: #2 oh # 027: and she falls out #1 quite often # Interviewer: #2 oh # #1 I see uh-huh # 027: #2 she looses consciousness # and they call an ambulance and take her to the hospital each time Interviewer: uh-huh 027: instead of trying to bring her around Interviewer: can't they fix it is it uh 027: apparently not I don't really understand it so Interviewer: yeah no but when you said what I'm getting at here when you said that to her did you mean like you wouldn't use fall out then as kind of a um uh isn't a popular vernacular then they said well wigged out or something 027: #1 no no # Interviewer: #2 {X} like cracking up or # something 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 it would # just be just be fainting 027: #1 just be fainting uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 okay # uh you said we raised uh {X} again about the wheat I think I I missed that you said we 027: raised a crop of wheat Interviewer: yeah and and to remove the shrubs and trees you'd say we 027: we cleared Interviewer: and if you raised you had a crop of of clover or grass and then you cut it and it came up again you'd call that a 027: second crop Interviewer: alright and if something you didn't plant at all came up 027: it's a volunteer Interviewer: alright and uh when wheat is tied up it's tied up in a 027: in a shock Interviewer: alright now shocks are tied or sometimes uh uh made up of smaller shock would be might include a dozen or so of smaller 027: of a smaller grain Interviewer: #1 of a smaller yeah packet # 027: #2 smaller packet # Interviewer: I was thinking of sheaf or or bundle 027: you were um no doubt right I uh Bill was correcting me on my terminology about the wheat {D: just the other day} Interviewer: would would you call it which of those sounds more uh familiar to you a sheaf or a bundle 027: uh a bundle I suppose Interviewer: uh but you had talking about wheat you said we had one bushel of wheat and we had thirty nine more and we had forty 027: I would get back to sheaves Interviewer: well if we're talking about uh uh bushel we're talking about or can be apples or 027: #1 or forty bushels you mean # Interviewer: #2 anything yeah uh-huh # and we're talking about oats being when oats are are harvested used to call it now would you say oats are harvested or oats is #1 harvested # 027: #2 I would # say oats are Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 harvested and I don't know # why Interviewer: yeah and would you say uh when that machine they used to 027: is a harvester or I believe they call it a thrasher Interviewer: yeah now if you were using that as a verb that the thrasher 027: it threshed the wheat Interviewer: okay and if two people are gonna have to do something say uh you say you might say we're going to have to do this or you might say 027: you and I are #1 going to do it # Interviewer: #2 yeah and # not one of us but 027: both of us Interviewer: yeah and uh you and someone else and and your husband say are are coming over you'd say he 027: you all Interviewer: #1 {X} that's that's the next page um but the two people are coming and you say # 027: #2 are coming over {NS} # Interviewer: #1 um # 027: #2 your both # coming Interviewer: yeah he and 027: he and she are Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 coming # Interviewer: uh and you if the phone the phone rings someone asks for you might say speaking or you might say it's 027: this is she Interviewer: or it's you said if you were gonna say someone asks for you and if you were gonna say it's 027: I always just say this is she Interviewer: alright if you're gonna use but but if you said it's uh uh 027: it's me Interviewer: yeah yeah it's me rather than 027: #1 it's I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah which of those 027: I guess that's the reason I avoid it because it's I would be uh well I would want to Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 use and it's me # is what I would use and I'd just say that this is uh she Interviewer: #1 alright um # 027: #2 # Interviewer: and how about with uh with other people now that you with uh uh other pronouns male female or 027: uh he is here he is #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh yes # it's 027: it is he and she Interviewer: and uh and uh 027: him her Interviewer: and they or them but it's them or it's 027: #1 it's they # Interviewer: #2 they alright # and he isn't as tall as 027: I Interviewer: uh and I'm not as tall as 027: as she Interviewer: alright see I'd help him but he can do it better 027: by #1 himself # Interviewer: #2 yeah # uh or uh 027: better than I can Interviewer: yeah and talk about the greatest distance you could walk you'd say two miles is the 027: is the limit Interviewer: yeah or using uh far from or far you say uh is the uh 027: is the furthest I Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 could walk # Interviewer: and if something belong I say whose tape recorder is that you say it's 027: yours Interviewer: it belongs to both of us you say it's 027: ours Interviewer: it belongs to them 027: it's theirs Interviewer: and it belongs to him 027: it's his Interviewer: and it belongs to her 027: it's hers Interviewer: alright and you want to know when some one person is coming you say when are 027: when are you coming Interviewer: now is more than one person 027: when are y'all coming Interviewer: but now would you but you'd never use that for one person 027: no no it has to be more than one person Interviewer: but it can be two 027: oh yes it's sort of of of family Interviewer: uh-huh 027: plural Interviewer: Uh-huh would you ever use that uh in the possessive talking about 027: #1 no it would be yours it # Interviewer: #2 I or something # 027: wouldn't be you all's Interviewer: okay or if you wanted to know everyone who who's at at a party would you might ask a friend uh 027: #1 tell me who all was # Interviewer: #2 what there # #1 yeah # 027: #2 there # Interviewer: and you went through everything they said 027: I don't think I'd go as far as what all Interviewer: alright or what all's what all's uh 027: huh-uh Interviewer: huh-uh I don't know how that would be used {X} what now you said you'd but you use might say who all was there 027: I doubt that I would but uh Interviewer: that would be more 027: it would be very uh I I have heard it Interviewer: what about you if wanted to know if uh a number of people's children were there would you ever ask who 027: who brought their Interviewer: #1 no who # 027: #2 children # Interviewer: children would you 027: #1 whose children are there # Interviewer: #2 you ever use who all yeah # not but not who all's children 027: no Interviewer: okay uh so children have been taken care of by their parents and now now they're married and they're off and now you say now they've got to look out 027: for themselves Interviewer: and you'd say I'd do it for them but he'd better do it would be better if he did it 027: for himself Interviewer: uh and bread made of different kinds some different kinds of bread made of wheat 027: oh whole wheat cracked wheat brown bread boston brown bread Interviewer: now the bread you buy at the store uh what do you call that? 027: uh I call it white bread I think what you mean is light bread Interviewer: uh which ever you use I 027: I use white bread Interviewer: does your husband say uh white bread 027: yes he taught me to eat white bread I'd always say Interviewer: #1 okay but but he doesn't # 027: #2 brown bread before {X} # Interviewer: call it white bread 027: no he calls it white bread but now up on the farm they call it light bread Interviewer: Now any other kinds of of bread made with uh with wheat flour or other uh doesn't have to be but something made in a pan a pan of 027: rolls Interviewer: yeah or 027: biscuits Interviewer: yeah, how are biscuits different from rolls? 027: uh rolls are made with yeast and are risen Interviewer: okay 027: biscuits are made with baking powder and rise Interviewer: alright now how about some things made with corn bread, uh corn meal? 027: oh you have your corn bread and your corn muffins and your corn sticks and you have hush puppies Interviewer: {X} hush puppies 027: ate all of them {C: interviewer laughing throughout} Interviewer: alright uh any have you ever eaten anythings that uh that you have to eat with a spoon? 027: oh spoon bread yes Interviewer: oh did you like that? 027: uh it depends on who makes it Interviewer: alright and have you ever now that {X} anything longer but they used to make bread make corn bread in the in the ashes in the fire 027: oh yes that was a giant cake wasn't it? I'm not sure I've never #1 seen it # Interviewer: #2 alright # 027: done Interviewer: and what would you call a a a a piece of corn bread as it's made into you you probably wouldn't say a loaf would you or would you? 027: um no it'd be a pan of corn bread I believe Interviewer: let's say that they make two or three large pieces in a in a pan and they have them separated 027: I don't really know it doesn't seem that it would be a loaf, but I don't know what it would be Interviewer: {X} I was the term {D: pone} that you 027: uh I have heard it but I don't know what it Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 means # Interviewer: well did what it does a corn dodger mean anything to you? 027: No Interviewer: alright or a uh um uh have you ever eaten or seen um something made with greens uh like cornmeal rolled up and and boiled with uh with the greens? 027: No, do they make dumplings out of #1 cornbread? # Interviewer: #2 yeah they're like # they're like corn there there cornmeal dumplings but I I just that's sometimes what's called a corn dodger sometimes a corn dodger but corn dodger means different things to different people 027: #1 it doesn't mean anything to me # Interviewer: #2 {X} # okay 027: I don't like corn bread #1 that may be # Interviewer: #2 alright # 027: #1 my problem # Interviewer: #2 I see # oh well {X} I'm going to ask you one more thing and say {D: needed a} skillet they make it in a take a like a 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: and they pour it in and it's very thin and 027: it's like a pancake Interviewer: #1 isn't it # 027: #2 yeah # I don't know what it's called Interviewer: I sometimes call it a hoecake but 027: oh Interviewer: by some people but it's called 027: now I thought a hoecake was baked on the back of a shovel Interviewer: okay well maybe so you think of a hoecake as something larger than 027: no as as as you say very thin Interviewer: #1 oh # 027: #2 but # baked on the back of a shovel over the Interviewer: oh I see sure it's probably the same thing they just don't use shovels any longer 027: #1 oh that's uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} yeah that # sure well that would be the same thing {X} home made bread or 027: store bought bread Interviewer: alright and something with a hole in the middle is a 027: donut Interviewer: does it have to have a hole in the middle to be a donut 027: no I don't believe so but we think of them that way Interviewer: what are some other things that you might talk about that are like donuts 027: oh a danish roll a sweet roll there's breakfast rolls uh coffee cake Interviewer: okay and now some things you talk about other things you make with using a batter and flour and you know a batter made of flour 027: pancakes Interviewer: now are there any other names for pancakes that 027: oh there are a million names for them Interviewer: {X} 027: uh see if I can think of some of them griddle cakes and pancakes and then of course there are waffles which are Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: made in an iron and um then um I'm thinking of the tin ball that's baked in the little iron to put food in like a uh like a patty a patty shell but that's getting into deep frying Interviewer: mm-hmm i would say if either the term batter cake or or flitters 027: {NW} Interviewer: you've never heard neither of those 027: fritters yes but #1 flitters no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # well uh uh flitters and fritters the L and the R 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh on the but one pound of flour you add one more and then you have two 027: pounds Interviewer: and the stuff you mentioned this before {X} a cake mix something comes in a little cake this makes bread rise 027: oh a yeast Interviewer: and the center of the egg is called a 027: yolk Interviewer: and the color is 027: yellow Interviewer: and eggs that are cooked three minutes in water are 027: soft cooked soft boiled Interviewer: alright soft boiled 027: soft boiled eggs Interviewer: yeah 027: {NW} Interviewer: do you sometimes call them soft cooked though 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: okay and eggs that are made the kind of eggs you made for me this morning 027: were poached Interviewer: alright and is that the only way you made did you when when you were a child they make poached eggs differently 027: oh yes uh i use a poacher my mother poached them in a skillet of water and slipped the eggs into the water after the water was boiling and they'd swirl the water around so the eggs stayed round Interviewer: and how long is that done for 027: until the uh white is #1 solidified # Interviewer: #2 I # see now these are some different kinds of cuts of pork used in cooking meat that they might sometimes use for seasoning 027: uh fat back Interviewer: now does that have any lean in it at all 027: I don't know I don't think so Interviewer: if it has 027: #1 I don't use it # Interviewer: #2 a little # alright if it had a little lean in it what would it be called 027: oh dear it has a name but then again I don't know I have seen it on the grocery store windows couldn't identify it Interviewer: do you well some of them are side meat #1 uh # 027: #2 yes # Interviewer: middle of the meat 027: #1 side meat # Interviewer: #2 uh # {X} 027: #1 side meat's # Interviewer: #2 uh # 027: what I would have Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # mm-hmm Interviewer: and the a large piece of bacon they used to get bacon 027: a side of bacon Interviewer: alright and pork that is smoked and salted is called 027: ham Interviewer: yeah but 027: {X} cured I'm sorry Interviewer: well I was thinking of either smoked pork or smoked meat or but that might be now the kind of meat that you serve with eggs in the morning 027: bacon Interviewer: alright now is that the only thing that that's the only that is bacon to you is the that's the only kind of bacon there is 027: yes that to me is bacon except for well now you can get Canadian bacon of #1 course which is # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 027: the #1 round # Interviewer: #2 right # 027: {X} right #1 out of the # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 027: center of it Interviewer: but you think of bacon essentially a breakfast food or something you use in 027: with eggs Interviewer: yeah okay 027: and with salads Interviewer: yeah you don't think {X} calling pork with lean in it #1 bacon # 027: #2 no # Interviewer: alright and um when you have a side of bacon it has a hard crust on the end that has to be cut off 027: now with a ham that's a hock you'd say the the hock of the bacon Interviewer: no what I was thinking {X} call it the rind or the skin 027: uh skin I suppose Interviewer: okay 027: or crust actually because it's uh it's been cured it has ashes and so forth Interviewer: and the man who cut the meat is called a 027: meat cutter Interviewer: or a 027: butcher Interviewer: and meat packed in a casing is 027: sausage Interviewer: and meat that is left out and isn't {X} cooked you might say the meat is can't eat this meat it's 027: it's spoiled Interviewer: and something made with the meat of a hog's head 027: souse meat Interviewer: yeah now uh is that do you like that 027: when my German grandmother #1 made it it was # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: wonderful I've never eaten Interviewer: did she 027: {X}{C:watermelons is what she is saying. The reel is slow here.} and cantaloupe and um market we can buy honeydew and we can buy persian melons and uh Interviewer: are persian melons different from a honeydew melon 027: It's a much larger um more fragile meat in the melon It's it's a larger melon with more fragile meat than a honeydew Interviewer: I see 027: It's a sweeter Melon Interviewer: uh And have you have you ever heard {X} a cantaloupe uh uh uh but a cantaloupe and a ever heard a cantaloupe called anything else 027: um musk melon and I think there is some difference but I don't know what it is Interviewer: have you ever heard a uh a cantaloupe called a nutmeg 027: no now a nutmeg is something entirely Interviewer: #1 yup # 027: #2 different to me # Interviewer: that's {D: ya know} that's a a spice 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 {D: is that what it is?} # ya know what and um missus {X} said thats uh a nickname for uh a cantaloupe 027: #1 I didn't know it # Interviewer: #2 oh {X} # I'd never heard that um when you talk about uh other do you distinguish among different varieties of watermelon 027: {X} {D: no} I don't Interviewer: alright You wouldn't distinguish one with a light green skin from a dark green skin or with uh stripes 027: no Interviewer: they're all just waterm uh these things look like little little umbrellas and they grow close to the ground it's a kind of fungus I guess it's 027: oh mushrooms Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 toadstools # Interviewer: They're poisonous the ones uh 027: #1 toadstools # Interviewer: #2 alright # um {D: Clay uh} uh something he had something stuck in his throat he couldn't 027: swallow Interviewer: and two things people smoke are 027: cigarettes cigars Interviewer: and if you didn't owe anything to anyone you might say I 027: am free of debt Interviewer: or to to anyone you might say 027: I am not beholden to anyone Interviewer: Would you use that 027: No Interviewer: um and if someone asked you like you what would you probably say seriously rather than beholden you would probably say I'm 027: I owe no one Interviewer: alright and if someone asks you if you are able to do something and you say yes I 027: {D: Yes I am} {C: Tape distortion} Interviewer: #1 I # 027: #2 I # am able Interviewer: alright can you do that you say 027: #1 Yes I can # Interviewer: #2 {X) # No I 027: No I can't Interviewer: alright and suppose he's tired he says I am really tired because I what all day I 027: I worked hard all day Interviewer: alright and by the time the a person a guy {D: but the story}{X} they called an ambulance and by the time the ambulance arrived he was 027: He was dead Interviewer: alright um would you use something like already there um 027: if you did I think uh you'd be more likely to say he was already gone because you didn't want to use the word dead Interviewer: okay and if someone {NW} a child doesn't uh {D: is is} isn't very careful you might say he what to be careful he 027: He should be careful Interviewer: um and uh if you're warning a child not to go across the street you might say you go across the street you 027: Don't go across the Interviewer: #1 {D: yeah} # 027: #2 street # Interviewer: Did ya ever use {D: Dast or dastened} or 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 darened # 027: No Interviewer: okay um and if a child you thought a child uh um a child doesn't know something and you're really surprised say why you to know that you 027: you ought to know that Interviewer: and do you ever use hadn't ought 027: no Interviewer: in any situation 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 how bout # alright if someone asks if you will do something you say no I I do it I 027: uh you say no I won't if you really want to make it very clear you say no I will not Interviewer: okay {D: and if a person if if uh} you're a uh uh you get a flat tire and you have to get out and change it youself and someone's just standing there watching you might say to a person well you, it'd help me you 027: You should've helped me you could've helped me Interviewer: Yeah #1 yeah oh yeah or might # 027: #2 but why didn't you help me # Interviewer: uh you might have 027: You might've helped me Interviewer: yeah um and if someone asks you if you if you you're you're going to be able to to do something and you're not really sure but you say well I'm I might #1 do it # 027: #2 um # possibly I could but I'll have to check I'm not sure yet what's on our calendar Interviewer: Would you ever use might could 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 I might could do it # 027: uh-uh Interviewer: oh {X} if you were gonna say it you'd say I might do it 027: I might or I might be able to Interviewer: mm-mm but not might could. Does might could sound foreign or strange to you 027: uh it sounds um put on. I've never heard anyone use it It sounds like two words put together that don't belong together Interviewer: Is that right 027: #1 uh-huh but now # Interviewer: #2 {D: very fascin} # 027: now I have heard I couldn't ought Interviewer: uh I couldn't ought? 027: uh-huh Interviewer: now 027: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 what is # 027: couldn't ought to have done that or I shouldn't ought to have done that Interviewer: Is that right? 027: uh-huh Interviewer: That's one {D: I've} never heard that before 027: #1 that's a fairly common # Interviewer: #2 uh uh might could is # uh uh very common in the lower south um a bird that uh makes a screeching sound is uh 027: Screech owl Interviewer: And one that makes a hooting sound 027: Is an owl. Interviewer: alright do you make any distinction between the {X} the- screech owl is usually kind of a smaller one 027: It's a dear little thing about so big and it makes the most delightful #1 screeching sound # Interviewer: #2 and what do you call the # big ones you just call that an owl 027: uh yes um He has a lotta little Hoo that's very soft and he's a big owl then there are barn owls there are various Interviewer: uh-huh Are there any others kinds you can think of? 027: um There is a horned owl and there is a white owl. A great white owl There is a horned owl And a barn owl And i think just the owl is sometimes called a hoot owl Interviewer: How many of these are found around here? 027: The barn owl, the horned owl The owl that goes {NW} and the screech owl that I can think of having seen Interviewer: How about the white owl is that 027: I don't remember having seen one I don't know Interviewer: Alright Uh an animal that, a bird that gets up on a tree and 027: oh a woodpecker Interviewer: Now what different kinds of these are there uh we have an ivory billed one in the woods by the barn and we have a poleated one that has been up here and next door on the house which is aluminum siding We have them redheads just pecking their hearts away on that aluminum 027: #1 siding # Interviewer: #2 Is that right # And getting nowhere but they 027: That's right and I saw one last fall I was very interested to see one go in a whole in a tree apparently he was nesting Interviewer: #1 hmm # 027: #2 she was nesting # #1 and I had never seen this before and # Interviewer: #2 huh very # 027: I was sitting in the car waiting for Bill and Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 in someone's wooded lot # Interviewer: uh-huh 027: And saw the owl go right down the tree Interviewer: uh and animal that gives off a bad odor is a 027: Oh a skunk Interviewer: Do you ever call it anything else? 027: um Bill says sometimes some days {X} Interviewer: oh {NW} {C:laugh} Did uh you never used pole cat though or 027: #1 I heard it. No we don't use it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and uh a king of a compre- comprehensive name for a small predator is a small animal is a 027: varmints Interviewer: Alright Now is that uh uh is that just facetious or might you use that uh 027: No that could be used Interviewer: #1 {NS}{C:sounds like a jacket} # 027: #2 by someone that was in position to have them that # wouldn't know what whether it was foxes or or um uh what kind of little animals were coming in like and getting #1 chickens # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # and if um I ever used it in relation to people 027: Now I have heard it used in relation Interviewer: #1 what kind of people? # 027: #2 to people # uh just the lowest dregs of society. Interviewer: okay and now this is a little animal that eats nuts and runs around in trees 027: oh that's a squirrel Interviewer: Now what kind of squirrels do you have around here? 027: I don't know their names we have many Interviewer: #1 are they all the same color? # 027: #2 squirrels # yes they're little grey squirrels Interviewer: you don't have any red ones? 027: I don't think so Interviewer: And this is something like a squirrel um They're small and they run around on the ground 027: And they're chipmunks and they're delightful Interviewer: Do you have those around here? 027: uh In the area. I have seen them in Bristol Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 AND i HAVE # seen 'em in Chattanooga Interviewer: About this big They're just {X} and what kinds of fish are are caught in the streams around here 027: uh at {D: at Talcoe} and uh Little River you catch trout uh they are stocked with Rainbow and sometimes you catch natives and um in the lakes you catch bass brim {NS} perch excuse me there's my Interviewer: Okay 027: {X} Interviewer: Yeah, {X} that's the worst pain I ever had in my uh and it wasn't crushed I just uh tore the cartilage 027: #1 oh that is # Interviewer: #2 into my knee and # that's the worst pain I ever felt 027: #1 It # Interviewer: #2 felt in my life # 027: really is painful, but he gave me uh you know #1 a # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: massive dose when he gave me the cortisone so I don't need it yet but he just wanted me to have it Interviewer: Well thats uh 027: It's uh very helpful Interviewer: Well that's uh you gotta sleep if you can 027: I didn't last night I couldn't I uh took uh {D: A namprim} at eleven and {D: a namprim} at 3 {X} between Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 no I # couldn't get a position Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 If I could've gotten a position I would've been alright # #1 but i get position today because he's # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah # 027: aspirated Interviewer: Oh that's good 027: That'll be fine Interviewer: Is the swallowing going down or is it 027: He uh he got as much out as he could but then he put that much cortisone in It's softer Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 but it's not # smaller Interviewer: uh {D:They got to} To brim I think talking 027: Oh yes uh Brim and then we have uh Oh on the bottom there the scavengers the carp and uh sometimes there's some people like catfish everybody likes to catch catfish Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 because # they're fun Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: and uh We have large mouthed bass and small mouthed bass and striped bass which are sometimes called white bass Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And we have gar and drum Interviewer: What's that drum 027: It's uh big ugly almost blind thing that feeds right on the bottom and has a big flat head like a big Catfish Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Except it it isn't a catfish and it's a white fish and oh when you catch one it's like pulling a barrel out of the water Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 It's usually # a twelve or fourteen or sixteen pound Interviewer: you don't eat them though 027: Uh some people do Uh they catch them more on trout lines or when trolling Interviewer: uh-huh 027: than when casting Interviewer: uh now Do you have uh anything that you'd call either a poagie or a porgie or a those terms mean any 027: # 027: #1 nothing # Interviewer: #2 thing # The brim is it uh the brim a fairly small fish 027: yes had a little uh black dot right on its cheek as it were Interviewer: Now they uh uh the shell they open the shells sometimes there's pearls in there 027: Oysters Interviewer: And this is something that hops along the ground and makes a croaking noise 027: Well he could be a toad or he could be a frog If he's brown he is a toad if he is green he's a Interviewer: #1 now what do ya # 027: #2 frog # Interviewer: Great big ones 027: Well they're bullfrogs Interviewer: Alright and what about the small green ones the very the very small green ones 027: Well tree frogs aren't they Interviewer: yeah Now have you ever heard them called rain frogs 027: yes and I have seen 'em Interviewer: #1 yeah is that the same thing # 027: #2 just dotting the ground after a rain # Interviewer: As a tree frog do you 027: I don't know I have an idea that a tree frog is perhaps uh more in the woods and less near the water Interviewer: uh-huh 027: So he's probably more like a toad Interviewer: alright so you might be a difference then 027: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 between uh # tree frog and a rain frog um these things that you use for bait you dig out the ground 027: {NW} those are worms Interviewer: alright. do you call them anything else besides just worms 027: Now Bill would probably have names for them Interviewer: yeah 027: The ones that he releases out here are just about the color of our terrace so that you have trouble seeing 'em Interviewer: Do you ever call 'em red worms 027: I don't know I I stay as far from 'em as I can Interviewer: You would call 'em red {X} term red worm then does it 027: I have seen a sign outside of a um a fishing Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: place or a bait place red worms crawfish lizards Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: usually lizard is spelled with two Zs Interviewer: uh-huh yeah or the "z"s are back #1 wards # 027: #2 {NW}{C:Laugh} # Interviewer: uh they um uh do you ever call them anything other than crawfi- crawfish 027: um they call 'em crawdads I don't I think maybe that's a bigger thing Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 I'm not sure # Interviewer: but uh uh around here are the ones they 027: yes that you seen up in the creek Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 for # crawdads Interviewer: okay now how do you what's that now 027: You seen Interviewer: now was that using a 027: #1 a net # Interviewer: #2 a net # 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh these uh have a hard shell large and move very slowly on the ground 027: Yes they are turtles Interviewer: And uh now the ones that live in the water what do you call them what do you call. Are those the ones you call turtles 027: Uh yes they're turtles. They're mud turtles and the others are tortoise the land ones. Interviewer: alright and uh these are something like crawfish they're probably related you know when you when you boil them they get kind of pink 027: Now you're not talking about shrimp Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 now you're talking bout # Thought you'd moved to saltwater Interviewer: #1 right # 027: #2 okay # Interviewer: um uh this is a uh a kind of uh an insect that flies around a candle or a light 027: yes um now I call them canna flappers Interviewer: call 'em what now 027: canna flappers Interviewer: is that right yeah 027: uh this is what I always heard it called as a Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 child # and uh I'm sure it comes from candle flappers Interviewer: oh yeah 027: um Many people call them miller moths Interviewer: uh-huh now that's different from the kind that get into the into clothing 027: oh yes Interviewer: what are those those are? 027: those are moths Interviewer: #1 and the # 027: #2 {NW}{C:Laugh} # Interviewer: the sing- yeah and the singular is 027: moth Interviewer: and the kind of an insect that you see out in the- uh night and it uh lights up 027: lightning bugs Interviewer: alright and this is a kind of long slender insect that has so many wings 027: #1 oh um like a mayfly # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # {NS} Yeah but i think I think we will see if thats the same thing these are um kind of long and and long 027: oh you're thinking of moths Interviewer: no no this this is has a very narrow slender body and long wings 027: And it's an insect? Interviewer: mm-hmm sometimes they are called snake doctors or snake feeders 027: #1 oh yes # Interviewer: #2 or just # 027: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 mosquito hawks or dragonflies # 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: and which of those terms would you 027: #1 dragonfly # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Do you know either snake doctor or snake feeder 027: Snake doctor I have heard Interviewer: but uh that isn't 027: uh that's when I was a child Interviewer: {X} 027: I don't think so Interviewer: Uh what um uh other kind of stinging insects are there 027: oh we have bees, wasps hornets uh yellow jackets oh um uh gnats and there are mosquitoes and and uh little ants Interviewer: alright now what about these things that dig under your skin 027: chiggers Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called anything else? 027: mm-mm oh ye- red bugs uh-huh Interviewer: they use that term around here? Interviewer: Or is that something from texas 027: I don't know if I picked it up some place else or here Interviewer: uh 027: Because we call 'em chiggers Interviewer: okay um Have you ever seen a nest a um a um a hornets nest 027: yes there's one right up here on the {D: clear story} Interviewer: out on the outside 027: #1 uh-huh yes # Interviewer: #2 and and is it # 027: we had the windows wa- had service master to wash 'em this spring and we had a terrible time getting the man to go around by Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 'em # Interviewer: now what about it. what does a hornets nest look like 027: It is a very intricate interesting thing that almost like it's made of grey paper. very thin, and it's um cylindrical but elongated at the ends and its um it's almost mystical looking It's beautiful I think Interviewer: {X} a wasp what is a wasps nest like 027: If a wasp is the same as a dirt dauber and I think it is we have 'em all around out here. They get into where I water the flowers They get a little bit of the mud and come up and they will even run all the way down a crevice in the house where there's a corner Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: make a little uh triangular crevice and they will build this all the way down Interviewer: now those are the ones. dirt daubers that do you think of a dirt dauber as a stinging insect or not? 027: um none of them bother me Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 very much # So I'm the one that gets to uh tear down the nest Interviewer: uh uh uh yellow jackets. Have you seen a yellow jackets nest? 027: a uh no not the nest I have petted a yellow jacket when I was a small child that was the saddest day Interviewer: oh really? 027: Yes. {C:Laughter} Interviewer: ah um these things hop alo- hop in the grass 027: The grasshoppers Interviewer: alright 027: and also crickets Interviewer: yeah uh small fish used for bait 027: minnows Interviewer: and a spider. something a spider weaves 027: his web Interviewer: now would you call this it it same thing indoors or outdoors? 027: spider web? yes. Interviewer: would you ever use the term cobweb 027: uh it comes out of my nursery book uh-huh Interviewer: but it isn't uh 027: #1 sweeping the cobwebs out of the sky no # Interviewer: #2 it isn't natural tho huh alright # uh and the parts of the tree underground are 027: the roots Interviewer: now what kind of trees grow around here just 027: um mainly we have many hardwoods and uh we have pines cedars we have the laurel family, the magnolia family and the deciduous trees we have many varieties of fruit uh well not citrus fruits and uh the berries Interviewer: #1 what about in the # 027: #2 the berries # Interviewer: what about in the laurel family. What are some of the trees in the laurel family 027: oh we have mountain laurel we have azaleas um we have um the tulip magnolia which is a laurel and we have um oh I think there are seven varieties of laurels in the smokies Interviewer: What about is a the one that um um the rhododendron is that uh is that related to the 027: #1 the azalea # Interviewer: #2 {X} # is that is that uh is that of the 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 laurel family to? # Would you pronounce that word? 027: azalea Interviewer: no 027: rhododendron Interviewer: yeah now uh do you have any sycamore trees? 027: yes Interviewer: would you pronounce that? 027: sycamore Interviewer: now and uh this is a kind of sometim- I don't know if it's a bush or a tree or a vine this is loved the same as a vine today but it's a uh something like well first what are what do you call those things you get a ra- rash from the uh kind of vine 027: Poison Ivy Interviewer: oh small 027: poison oak uh-huh Interviewer: now this is um this is something something else that she talks about that is like that has the same effect as poison ivy or poison oak 027: I don't know what it would be Interviewer: uh the you know sumac or shumac or 027: uh-huh but I didn't know that it gave you a rash Interviewer: does that grow around here 027: yes it's a big tree right down the road here has the um the pods on it Interviewer: alright is it called just a 027: Sumac Interviewer: alright and you mentioned the uh uh well its George washington chopped down a 027: cherry tree Interviewer: And the tree that you that that the uh syrup is taken from 027: Maple Interviewer: and if a if a number of these maple trees if they are there any maple trees in the mountains 027: um not in the mountains I think they're all cultivated We have several in our yard. Most everybody has them in the yard. they're so pretty in the fall when the leaves turn Interviewer: Uh a number of these growing together though- 027: #1 would be a # Interviewer: #2 yes # 027: Grove Interviewer: alright um what kinds of pine trees? 027: oh we have white pine. We have long leaf. We have mountain scrub pine We have uh yellow pine Interviewer: you call all the small ones scrub pine? 027: No scrub pine is one that grows at a high elevation and can't make a very big tree Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 because there's not much # um soil Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a jack pine? 027: I don't know. I've never heard that term. Interviewer: uh they uh Jack I uh wondered if that was a Now is square pine isn't very good lumber or is it uh? 027: um I wouldn't think so because just a little at a lower elevation you can get all the tall straight #1 big # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 027: fat pine you want Interviewer: And you talked about berries. What kinds of berries? 027: oh um on the trees uh we have uh Interviewer: not so much on the trees but on the {X} 027: on the on the ground? Interviewer: {X} 027: strawberries blackberries blueberries raspberries Interviewer: And if you're out picking berries with children you might tell them better be- or mushrooms you might say you better be careful because some of these are 027: Are poisonous Interviewer: uh did you read an article in the paper today about uh two families 027: # 027: #1 oh yes # Interviewer: #2 that # ghastly eh um talk to me about the uh {X} say I must ask my You know someone asks you something and you say well I'm not sure about that I'm going to have to ask my 027: My husband. Interviewer: And he might say I must ask my 027: wife Interviewer: and a woman who's husband is dead is a 027: a widow Interviewer: and you're male parent is your 027: father Interviewer: What did you call your father when you were a child? 027: bobby Interviewer: Was that his name or uh 027: his name was robert Interviewer: oh and what did you call your mother? 027: Johnny that was her Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 name # Interviewer: and 027: #1 {NW}{C:Laughter} # Interviewer: #2 together # 027: #1 friends did # Interviewer: #2 yeah okay and and # together they were your 027: Bobby and Johnny my parents. Interviewer: Alright and what about your um uh um your your uh their parents were your 027: grandparents Interviewer: and what did you call them? 027: uh Grandfather {D: Flonzi} had died before I was born Grandmother {D: Flonzi} was grandmother Grandmama Grounds was grandma Grandpa Grounds was grandpa but they both died when I was four so grandmother is the only one that I really called anything Interviewer: I see 027: for long Interviewer: uh-huh and uh and if someone speaks of uh their offspring they say our what are still still in school 027: Our children Interviewer: yeah and a name that is given to a child um a uh kind of a name of endearment or something 027: a nickname Interviewer: alright and uh something a baby is put in and taken out in a 027: uh a crib a buggy a Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 a basonet # Interviewer: a buggy now do you think of a buggy as the thing with a a hood on it 027: {NW} yes Interviewer: okay and if you take a baby out you say you are going to do what the baby you're going to 027: I'm gonna push him around the block Interviewer: alright would you ever use wheel, ride, roll or 027: uh possibly ride but I think if I were gonna ride the baby I'd put him in the car Interviewer: #1 oh oh okay # 027: #2 and take him for a ride # Interviewer: and talking uh different degrees of the state of being grown up you're talking about uh several boys say some of them some of their boys are being uh pretty grown up but you say he is the most 027: Mature Interviewer: or using a form of grown up though 027: oh he's uh the most grown or Interviewer: #1 no # 027: #2 the biggest or # Interviewer: #1 no we're talking about in terms of # 027: #2 the most grown up I would say # Interviewer: um and a um uh a a um a boy would be a son and his sister would be a 027: daughter Interviewer: and she's not a boy but a 027: girl Interviewer: and a women who's gonna have a baby she's 027: pregnant Interviewer: and someone who assists in the birth of a of a child not a 027: #1 who's not # Interviewer: #2 who's not # 027: not a doctor Interviewer: yeah 027: is a midwife Interviewer: okay and if a boy has facial features very similar to his father's you might say that boy 027: is the image of his father Interviewer: alright and now that would be in looks what about in disposition or behavior 027: oh you would say he's his father over and over or he acts precisely like his Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 father # Interviewer: and if some has say uh she had a hard life she what six children she 027: she raised Interviewer: alright and if a child is bad some might say you're gonna get a 027: you gonna get a spanking Interviewer: alright now uh something more sever than a spanking 027: would be a whipping Interviewer: anything more sever than that 027: you would be punished Interviewer: okay And a spanking is the least uh 027: #1 I think in common terminology yes to me it was the most # Interviewer: #2 corporal of corporal # 027: The most corporal Interviewer: #1 okay yeah # 027: #2 coulda happened but I think thats um # only an individual case Interviewer: okay and speaking of a small something my how you've 027: oh how you've Interviewer: #1 {NW}{C:Laughter} # 027: #2 grown # Interviewer: {NW}{C:Laughter} uh and and uh a lot this year he really 027: He really has grown this year or grown up Interviewer: #1 yeah he # 027: #2 up this year # Interviewer: just 027: shot up Interviewer: yeah or he just he uh 027: grew up Interviewer: yeah um and uh an illegitimate child 027: is an illegitimate child Interviewer: any other 027: oh a bastard Interviewer: #1 yeah in in # 027: #2 in in elizabeathean # Interviewer: yeah any other terms uh that you you heard 027: um there are terms uh cute little terms like {D: Woods Colt} but you never hear them Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 you read them # Interviewer: those are things you just 027: uh mostly you would say that uh he has is the father of an illegitimate Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 child # she has an illegitimate Interviewer: #1 now # 027: #2 child # Interviewer: now talking about degrees of lovingness to say that uh um Nellie is a loving child but Mary is even 027: More loving Interviewer: alright and if your um your brother your brother's son would be your 027: my nephew Interviewer: and um a child who's parents are dead 027: an orphan Interviewer: and a person who the court who appointed by the court to take care of a 027: #1 is a guardian # Interviewer: #2 an orphan # and you speak of all the people related to you, you call these people your 027: my relatives Interviewer: and say uh he is no what to me 027: no kin to me Interviewer: alright and a person never seen before from another town. you'd say he's a 027: stranger Interviewer: and under what circumstances would you use the term foreigner 027: someone who came from another country Interviewer: alright now you mentioned yesterday talking to your husband you were talking something about 027: #1 oh he's a flatland foreigner yes # Interviewer: #2 flatland {X} # now you talk what what about his the uh 027: #1 came from uh # Interviewer: #2 yeah uh # 027: Mississippi the flatland Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 and # and therefore he's a alien to our Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 mountains # Interviewer: so a flatland foreigner would be anyone outside 027: #1 outside the mountains # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh yeah # 027: course it's it's used as a Interviewer: #1 fun term # 027: #2 sure well uh # Interviewer: a friend of mine at the university of Minnesota who's form Chattanooga he used to they used to talk about flatland foreigners and say that they used to drive they used to go up when they were in high school drive around these mountains around the mountains very fast and the flatland foreigners would be going {NW}{C:shutter} I think that's uh their way to drive 027: {NW} Interviewer: if uh uh uh massive ceremonies might say ladies and 027: gentlemen Interviewer: now under what circumstances would you use the word gentlemen 027: when I enter a room Interviewer: mm 027: like uh when we have a dinner Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 party # And I take the ladies to the parlor and then we come back in I say Interviewer: #1 uh yeah # 027: #2 uh greetings gentlemen # Interviewer: #1 but yeah but would # 027: #2 keep your seats or something # Interviewer: would you use the term gentlemen in any other sense would you use the term 027: #1 is a gentlemen yes # Interviewer: #2 yeah # uh but would you use the term gentleman for you'd say There is a gentlemen at the door for example would that 027: I doubt it. Rose might. Interviewer: uh 027: if she came in and said {B} there is a gentleman at the door to see you Interviewer: I see uh the mother of Jesus was 027: Mary Interviewer: and her sister was 027: Sarah Martha Interviewer: I wanted that uh those I wanted both of those 027: #1 Well good you got 'em # Interviewer: #2 uh uh yeah Martha's right but # Sarah I uh Sarah's kind hard to get I sometimes use have to {X} 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # In the song uh Wait 'til the Sun Shines 027: Nellie Interviewer: and uh uh boy named Bill his real name is 027: William Interviewer: And when he's a small boy they might call him 027: Billy Interviewer: Okay and the first book of the new testament is 027: Matthew Interviewer: And a woman schoolteacher might be called 027: Misses so and so Interviewer: yeah or yeah or um I mean any kind of a term that would be a a distinction for um um for a you know to distinguish a woman teacher like a school school ma'am school miss school mom 027: School marm I guess Interviewer: alright and talking about the um say this teachers name was Cooper um and shes married you'd call her 027: Misses Cooper Interviewer: alright now would ya would yous you ever say that rapidly and just say miss 027: Miss cooper Interviewer: #1 yeah mea and thats # 027: #2 yeah mm-hmm if you're not # Interviewer: #1 and # 027: #2 careful you you # Interviewer: #1 and and # 027: #2 you will # Interviewer: still she she would that would 027: She would understand that is was misses Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 Cooper # Interviewer: and go back to that that you don't you know times you don't like uh that that uh uh uh nickname for William 027: #1 {NW}{C:Laughter} # Interviewer: #2 just pronounce it without # 027: #1 {NE}{C:Laughter} # Interviewer: #2 the pejorative intonation # 027: Billy Interviewer: yeah uh now um that a a uh untrained part time minister what would he be might be called 027: a lay preacher Interviewer: alright have you ever heard it called anything else? They sometimes use this for the term for a carpenter or a lawyer 027: #1 Oh a Jackleg preach # Interviewer: #2 okay # 027: #1 -er # Interviewer: #2 you ever # 027: heard that for a preacher huh Interviewer: What have you heard you haven't heard it for 027: For a preacher I know uh uh I know of Jackleg lawyers Interviewer: uh-huh You never heard it for preachers tho 027: uh-uh Interviewer: Oh it its uh um uh more common with preacher 027: #1 is that right # Interviewer: #2 than lawyer # Same thing when they talk about jackleg carpenters or 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: Or your electrician i supposes {NW}{C:Laughter} not necessarily but it it What does Jack leg mean a Jackleg lawyer 027: {NW} uh an upstart. untrained. Interviewer: its someone without formal 027: #1 yes except you # Interviewer: #2 formal training # 027: can't have that anymore Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: because you have bar Interviewer: uh 027: regulations Interviewer: mm-hmm now if I were to introduce you to two people a man and a woman. And I said now this um uh this this man he is my uncle and you'd say then the woman he is she is 027: your aunt Interviewer: yeah and they uh uh President Kennedy's first name was 027: John Interviewer: and the highest rank in the army is uh say the man's name of this uh Jackson or something 027: #1 General # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: Five star General Interviewer: yeah or or and well use the last name 027: General Jackson Interviewer: Alright and and the rank below A brigadier general is a 027: a Major general Interviewer: alright alright yeah going down from from gene- out of the general rank 027: colonel Interviewer: alright and Using it with let's say his name is brown 027: colonel brown Interviewer: Alright and a rank 027: #1 Major Jones # Interviewer: #2 a rank that is down in the # 027: Jones Interviewer: Kind of going down tho you have a have a major and then you have a a white colonel and then a major and then a 027: captain Interviewer: yeah now is the word is the word captain ever been used in other words can you ever think of the word captain used in any kind of a of a uh uh a uh uh in any kind of a social uh 027: My father used it as a familiar term when he wanted to ask directions Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 of someone # My uncle always called everyone George but my father always said captain Interviewer: uh-huh is that right? And the man who presides over trial is a 027: Judge Interviewer: and if uh um a person who's attending school he's a 027: student Interviewer: now what would you call, in first grade would you still say student 027: I would call him a pupil Interviewer: alright and um what does the word scholar mean 027: One who is engaged in serious study research Interviewer: {X} so you you wouldn't use the word scholar for student you would just 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 just # 027: #1 No I think a # Interviewer: #2 a scholar # 027: scholar goes beyond a Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 student # Interviewer: and uh in An office a man might have a private 027: secretary Interviewer: and in a the members of the what are the town officers in maryville called 027: the city council Interviewer: and and so each on is a 027: is a councilman Interviewer: alright and a man on the stage is an actor a woman is a 027: actress Interviewer: and Speaking of a nationality because a Your nationality you are 027: an american Interviewer: and A person of black black race is a 027: Is an american Interviewer: #1 yeah well yeah uh # 027: #2 oh a # negro Interviewer: alright now what uh derogatory or jocular or for neutral derogatory and jocular terms 027: uh I don't know uh by now I don't know uh how they actually Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 weigh on the # scale because they go from Interviewer: #1 right # 027: #2 time to # time. When I was a little girl um negro Interviewer: mm 027: was the nicest thing you could say Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: then later I had a maid that informed me that she was colored Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: now no matter what color they are they prefer to be called black Interviewer: yeah 027: but nigger has always been. Interviewer: #1 yeah mm-hmm # 027: #2 very derogatory and # pickaninny or coon Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: uh I suppose are derogatory jocular perhaps and black boy Interviewer: yeah 027: or high yeller or Interviewer: you that would be different degrees of uh well high yellers uh that would be uh uh 027: mulatto Interviewer: yeah that would be in in having to do with the difference than color rather 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 than # okay um uh How do negroes usually address whites um you know in uh if they are in a in a um uh position of you know working for them or something 027: well they always call me misses Faulkner Interviewer: uh-huh 027: And Bill Mister Falkner and we had one maid who called bill Lawyer Falkner and she answered the telephone Lawyer and Misses Interviewer: #1 {NW}{C:Laughter} # 027: #2 Faulkner's residence and all our friends # Interviewer: #1 {NW}{C:Laughter} # 027: #2 called daily just to hear it # Interviewer: great and now a uh Words for uh for poor whites 027: poor whites? Poor white trash Interviewer: yeah okay any other terms 027: Uh no I think that's what we mostly use here Interviewer: Alright now what about the term the term redneck or 027: Uh to me that indicates south Georgia Interviewer: Alright and cracker 027: Georgia and Florida Interviewer: alright um have you ever ever heard the term Jackson whites 027: no Interviewer: uh well I'm not sure what it is I think it might {X} 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Andrew Jackson or Kind of a # um uh now terms for a rustic 027: oh uh Hick Interviewer: yeah now that sort of thing are there any 027: um There are oh Mountaineer actually and uh hick and hillbilly are um There is something uh that refers to the farm boy I can't think uh Interviewer: Well have you ever heard the term {X} They still use the term Hoosier um Mountain hoosier 027: no- Interviewer: #1 A hoosier usually means some of many # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: or a um One of the terms is a jack pine savage I think that 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 that jack pine you know # uh I was just wond- I thought about that when you mentioned the scrub pine being up high in the in the in the maybe the jack pine savage could be one of the 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 you know up there really up in the hills # And uh uh terms like mountain boomer? 027: #1 no mountaineer and # Interviewer: #2 uh yeah uh-huh # 027: and uh of course your bootlegger Interviewer: yeah have you ever heard the term uh Pud 027: no Interviewer: Now I heard that in In Dayton and uh uh misses Love 027: Did she Interviewer: gave it to me too yeah pud. another one is Sager and uh is a term that blacks frequently use for poor whites a sager 027: oh Interviewer: And I had no information at all on the etymology but its uh pretty interesting its It's not quite midnight but you'd say it's all 027: it's almost midnight Interviewer: alright and you'd say I went out on the ice and I what felled on it well didn't quite fall down but I 027: I almost fell down Interviewer: alright would you ever use like to or 027: I have heard it Interviewer: yeah and if someone's rushing you and you might say to them just 027: take your time don't hurry me Interviewer: alright just uh I'll be 027: take it easy Interviewer: Yeah and I'll be with you in just 027: in just a minute Interviewer: okay and you uh you You're driving the car and you want to know the distance from from here to to um uh Cleveland or something you might ask someone how 027: How far is it to Cleveland Interviewer: do you use the expression what what might you say to a child if you wanna kind of reprimand a child in case he the child is acting up and you want the child to get serious you might say now 027: uh You're thinking of now cut that out Interviewer: No I was thinking more its you you look here 027: uh-uh I would just call a child by name Interviewer: alright you would look here or see here 027: #1 now I would # Interviewer: #2 or # 027: just say now lauren sharp Interviewer: okay 027: stop that {NW} Interviewer: If you wanted to know the time someone Does something goes to town you might say how 027: how often do you Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 go to town # Interviewer: And If I tell you I'm not gonna do something and you agree with me and you're gonna behave the same way you say I'm not gonna do that 027: either Interviewer: #1 uh alright # 027: #2 I'm not gonna do that either # Interviewer: this is my 027: forehead Interviewer: and this is 027: your hair Interviewer: and If I let my And If I didn't shave I'd grow a 027: Oh you'd grow a beard Interviewer: okay and this is my 027: ear Interviewer: which one 027: your left ear Interviewer: and this is a 027: your right ear Interviewer: and this is my 027: mouth Interviewer: And this is one 027: tooth Interviewer: tooth 027: teeth Interviewer: and above the teeth are the 027: lips or the gums Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 I suppose # Interviewer: and then this is my 027: throat Interviewer: and the whole thing is my 027: neck Interviewer: and what's this called 027: your adam's apple Interviewer: have you ever heard it called anything else 027: I don't believe so Interviewer: have you ever heard it called a goozle 027: Now I thought your goozle was uh your inside your throat Interviewer: that's okay uh that's 027: #1 burned my goozle # Interviewer: #2 okay # okay alright in in I see okay and um uh this is the what of my hand 027: the palm Interviewer: And I make a 027: a fist Interviewer: two 027: fists Interviewer: and get pains in the wrists elbows shoulders 027: #1 joints # Interviewer: #2 are pains in the # alright say that again please 027: joints Interviewer: and this is my 027: chest Interviewer: and these are my 027: shoulders Interviewer: the one 027: hand Interviewer: two 027: hands Interviewer: and this is my 027: leg Interviewer: and one 027: foot Interviewer: two 027: feet Interviewer: and get kicked her its kicked in the 027: shins Interviewer: and a person kind of sits down in his heels you know kind of 027: #1 uh he either # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: squats or hunkers Interviewer: okay now that's they both mean the same 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 thing # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # alright if a person is uh has been ill for a while and then uh he looks kind of uh kind of white you see he looks 027: #1 a little peaked # Interviewer: #2 kind of # alright do you do you ever use puny 027: #1 not seriously no # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # um now if a person is able to lift a great weight you might say he's really 027: strong Interviewer: would you ever use Stout in that 027: Stout to me would mean someone who was too fat Interviewer: okay and if a person is very easy to get along with you might say he's very 027: easy-going Interviewer: alright would you ever use um uh uh the term good natured 027: yes Interviewer: is that is that the same thing 027: yes Interviewer: would you pronounce that 027: good natured Interviewer: yeah and uh um an an adolescent who say uh speaking especially here about physically appearance say he he looks awfully 027: {D:Gangling} Interviewer: yeah that's right and if uh and if someone just cant do anything right you might 027: #1 {NW}{C:Laughter} # Interviewer: #2 say oh # 027: {NW} Interviewer: yeah or that everything he does is wrong 027: #1 butterfingers # Interviewer: #2 say that # yeah well uh some kind of uh a term such as uh uh well goof dumbbell 027: #1 idiot or stupid # Interviewer: #2 or something # 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: Dumbox and that sort of Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 thing # Interviewer: #1 and {X} # 027: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: A person who is um uh uh who holds onto the money he has doesn't part with it easily you call him? 027: Think it'd be a skin foot or a tightwad Interviewer: is there a difference between the two? 027: I don't think so Interviewer: do you have a special distinction for a person who tries to get the most out of others for his um Like a boss you know who might work his 027: #1 a slave driver uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 yeah okay # and what about what does the word common mean in the talking about people 027: um ordinary Interviewer: and what does ordinary mean? 027: You see I'm gonna give you back common Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 just # run of the mill Interviewer: alright Is that is that uh in your mind more nearly pejorative or um I mean if someone said you were common would you be flattered 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 or or not # and now if you said someone was common uh uh 027: I would be careful not to say it Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 where anyone would hear me # Interviewer: okay okay so it it 027: it it I it doesn't uh have to do with the norm or the average Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 it it's # Interviewer: #1 oh # 027: #2 um um # descriptive state Interviewer: and it wouldn't be used in a complimentary 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 sense # that's okay and if if uh an older person gets around a lot you'd say she's really 027: real spry Interviewer: alright and what about a younger person 027: lively Interviewer: alright now well now what adjective would you use that she's what lively she's 027: very lively Interviewer: alright and if something bothers you and you're not really sure just what it is You'd say I don't know what's wrong but I just feel a little about that 027: uh a little uncertain Interviewer: yeah that's the uh would ya ever 027: I'm just not sure Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 about that # Interviewer: would you use the expression uneasy? 027: uh yes possibly Interviewer: how would you use that would that be used in the same? 027: yes uh particularly if I was thinking about someone's health He says he's fine and yet I'm I'm just not quite certain he really is. I'd be a little uneasy about that Interviewer: would you like to stop and move uh 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh your leg around # 027: #1 no It's fine i may have # Interviewer: #2 totally okay # 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 that's what I was wondering about # wondered today If I kept ya #1 yeah I shouldn't have # 027: #2 no cause I moved yesterday # Interviewer: #1 yeah {X} # 027: #2 put my foot on the table ya know # Interviewer: well if someone is uh a little boy wants the light on at night because he's He's what of the dark 027: He's afraid Interviewer: and uh the boy says I'm not afraid of the dark his mother says maybe you're not now but you 027: you used to be Interviewer: alright and The negative of used to be is 027: You didn't used to be Interviewer: yeah does that sound uh 027: It sounds very Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 strange # Interviewer: you wouldn't used usen't to be 027: no I I think I'd say you weren't Interviewer: alright 027: before Interviewer: Before you'd say didn't used to be 027: uh-huh Interviewer: The opposite of careful is 027: careless Interviewer: and A person that uh some if something happens you might say thats a very peculiar thing or you might say it's very 027: strange Interviewer: or other words 027: #1 or out of the ordinary # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: or uh what did you say peculiar? Interviewer: yeah 027: okay odd Interviewer: yeah what about a word beginning with q 027: queer Interviewer: yeah now would you how do you use that in any special way 027: that has come to have a rather unpleasant terminology and it's never used just in general Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 conversation anymore # Interviewer: in what sense is it used 027: uh a person who is homosexual Interviewer: #1 now would you avoid # 027: #2 or what have you # Interviewer: or what have you now 027: #1 I would avoid using the word queer for fear someone would misinterpret it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # but you don't you don't do you limit it to to to do you do you limit it in your mind to homosexual or just 027: just to a word that I better not use Interviewer: #1 I see yeah # 027: #2 because I might be misunderstood # Interviewer: You know its interesting because {D: now your husband might...} {X} 027: plain queer Interviewer: you know he's talking about about the I think daily queer a queer town and you see that is really {C:He is imitating her husband} that you see you know it really is that is it's a shame someone told me about fifteen years ago he said it was really too bad because that is such a good word 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 you know and its # 027: #1 it's getting a bad thing uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 and its really been and well it's been that way for uh # I'll tell ya one of the funniest things {C:He must have cut the tape here to tell a story} um a person who just you try to convince a person about something but no matter what you say he still won't come around and you say don't be so 027: so stubborn or so bull headed Interviewer: okay and what might you call a person who's easily offended 027: oh um Interviewer: you might say that person don't be so 027: so sensitive there's a there's something better than sensitive though can't think of it it begins with a P Interviewer: with a with a 027: a P Interviewer: uh-huh um how about touchy 027: that's good or touches I have heard Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 many times # Interviewer: would you use that 027: no Interviewer: what would ,would you use the other one 027: touchy? Interviewer: yeah 027: not really Interviewer: is the word that starts with a 'P' you can't think of might you use that 027: Yes but I can't think of it so I {NW} I don't know what I'm thinking uh Interviewer: I can't think of it either Uh if a person if a person who is that way say he got awfully what when he was teased he said he got awfully 027: oh he got awfully upset Interviewer: alright um how about um uh more than just upset he really was 027: irritated oh I've heard the term we really got him Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 or he was # Interviewer: #1 yeah yeah # 027: #2 got or he was uptight # Interviewer: Well if if someone cuts you off on the you were driving and someone just pulled out in front of you you'd say You were really what then 027: burned Interviewer: okay now but now when I was there's a word. There's a very common word that you might use not awfully 027: I was furious Interviewer: yeah {X} mad and angry would you use either of those? or both 027: um I've stopped using mad because of the the connotation of madness Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: and um and I seldom use angry Interviewer: okay uh a person who is all wound up you might say then just 027: #1 simmer down # Interviewer: #2 he he # 027: keep calm Interviewer: alright and a person who worked all day says I am really 027: tired Interviewer: now do you have any different words for degrees of tiredness 027: worn out Interviewer: alright 027: exhausted pooped Interviewer: alright any others 027: #1 that's all I think of # Interviewer: #2 those are all fine # um and uh uh uh young man might be tired out but come home and take a nap and then get up and go out and he's what to go out and he's what to go 027: #1 raring to go # Interviewer: #2 okay # and do you ever do you know the expression torn down in the sense meaning very or we have as uh 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 you know we had a torn # down good time 027: no Interviewer: yeah thats uh huh I don't get that much around here um a little girl has to come home from school the nurse sent her home. She what sick at school- 027: she got sick Interviewer: alright And he is sick now but he'll be well again 027: tomorrow Interviewer: or 027: #1 soon # Interviewer: #2 a little longer time # do you ever use by and by 027: no It's a lovely a lovely #1 expression # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # uh uh uh didn't wear enough someone didn't wear enough clothing went outside you'd say he might 027: #1 {X} a cold # Interviewer: #2 yeah alright # now would you say um and yesterday he what a cold he 027: he caught a cold Interviewer: alright and or he or he has 027: has a cough Interviewer: and a person talks like this he's 027: very hoarse Interviewer: and he has a {NW} 027: cough Interviewer: and a person can't keep his eyes open he's 027: sleepy Interviewer: and you might go in in the morning and someone you might go in and someone is asleep and you want you have you have to go in and 027: and wake them Interviewer: yeah because they want to uh #1 {X} # 027: #2 get up at a certain time # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {D:to be called} # Interviewer: they want to what 027: wake up Interviewer: yeah uh and you doctor might give you some pills and then he comes over and visits you and the pills are all there and he might say haven't you 027: taken any Interviewer: and you say yes I've 027: took some Interviewer: and tomorrow i will 027: #1 not take another one # Interviewer: #2 okay {NW} # uh and if a person can't hear you might say he's 027: he's deaf Interviewer: and yesterday uh a man was working, he worked very hard. You say he really 027: he really he uh put in a good day's work Interviewer: yeah but there's waters pouring down and 027: oh he was just sweating Interviewer: mm-hmm now what about that in the past tense. Yesterday he really 027: He was sweating he did sweat Interviewer: oh or just taking out the did yesterday he really 027: he sweat Interviewer: okay and a large discharging sore that has a core in it 027: I think that's called a canker Interviewer: alright now is that um well if um uh 027: #1 are you thinking of # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: something's infected Interviewer: yeah no i'm thinking of something with a core in it that the core has to be removed 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 you know # yeah uh and what do you call the other stuff inside there besides the core 027: pus Interviewer: alright and person has a infection is in his hand and his hand is 027: #1 swelled # Interviewer: #2 or your knee take # 027: #1 yes its # Interviewer: #2 your knee your knee is # 027: swelled Interviewer: yeah um I uh it is it is what up would you say it it uh it is 027: it is swelling Interviewer: yeah yeah and uh do you use the expression or know the expression buck fever 027: #1 I have heard it # Interviewer: #2 does that have any meaning # what does it mean 027: {NW} Interviewer: what do you associate it with 027: um {NS} Spring been couped up all winter Interviewer: oh 027: Let's get out and be gay Interviewer: I see Oh I see you don't associate it with someone uh no uh You see it has another meaning too it has a meaning of Of someone who's inexperienced 027: #1 oh yes # Interviewer: #2 at at # getting 027: no that doesn't Interviewer: frightened 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 and and you know # this person goes hunting and doesn't doesn't have uh is inexperienced and fires too soon or something They say he has buck fever or buck {D:ague} and thats another one they its uh uh the same thing uh they they the um the liquid inside a blister is called 027: water Interviewer: alright and a person is uh hit by a a bullet he suffers a bullet 027: wound Interviewer: and they don't use the term much anymore but a wound that doesn't heal right and the skin is up around it 027: yes a doctor told me that once it's um proud flesh Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: I had never heard it Interviewer: no I it It was a long time it was hard for me to explain because I didn't know it's hard to to illicit something you can't 027: #1 {NW}{C:Laughter} # Interviewer: #2 describe. I didn't know what it was # um They used to use a lot of mercurochrome and something else that burned more 027: Iodine Interviewer: yeah and something they use for to cure malaria 027: Quinine Interviewer: yeah And of course if he's no longer alive you say he 027: he's dead Interviewer: yeah he 027: #1 passed # Interviewer: #2 yesterday # Alright now what about some neutral and or veiled and crude terms for this see if we can separate {NS} 027: oh um let's see pushing up daisies um deader than a doorknob Interviewer: yeah {NS} 027: um Interviewer: I've heard doornail I've never heard 027: #1 doorknob # Interviewer: #2 doorknob but # 027: doorknob Interviewer: yeah it's good and just what might you say if you're talkin- you mentioned before you wouldn't you might want to soften it or veil the expression for members of the family or something you might say 027: He's gone Interviewer: yeah 027: That's a euphemism that is used so Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 much # My husband is gone Interviewer: yeah 027: oh when will he be back Interviewer: #1 uh-huh yeah # 027: #2 {NW}{C:Laughter} # Interviewer: well all of these terms, passed on and 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 so forth # 027: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 or left us # uh departed um someone died you say I don't know what he 027: died of Interviewer: alright and the place where a person's buried is a 027: cemetery Interviewer: and the box is called a 027: now are you speaking of the mausoleum or the vault Interviewer: #1 no I'm just talking yeah that's # 027: #2 the casket # Interviewer: and the the um uh the ceremony is called a 027: a funeral Interviewer: and the family is in 027: mourning Interviewer: and someone might ask how are you feeling and it's it's you know a positive response you might say 027: now are you referring to mourning mourning Interviewer: #1 no this is about that we are a little # 027: #2 {X} okay # Interviewer: #1 okay alright # 027: #2 I'm fine # Interviewer: alright and um uh how about just not quite fine you might say oh I feel 027: {NW} so so Interviewer: alright and if someone's troubled about something you might everything will be alright don't 027: Just don't worry its it'll turn out alright Interviewer: {X} And if you have pains in the joints you might be suffering from 027: Arthur- Arthritis Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 which is # often called Arthur-itis Interviewer: yeah 027: Or rheumatism Interviewer: yeah now uh you never use rheumatism the term 027: no grandmother used Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 rheumatism # And a man came to the door the other day and saw me on crutches he says oh you on crutches, you've got arthritis? Interviewer: {NW}{C:Laughter} uh a disease that took the lives of a lot of children a generation or two back starts with a D 027: The Diphtheria Interviewer: and uh disease that causes a yellowing of the skin 027: Jaundice which is really um Hepatitis Interviewer: #1 is it a liver ailment or not # 027: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh they uh get a pain in the side that might be 027: appendicitis Interviewer: and um person can't keep food down you might say he is sick 027: uh to his stomach #1 I # Interviewer: #2 alright # 027: I would not say to his stomach I would say he's uh he's nauseated Interviewer: yeah but if you were going to use sick if you were gonna use something a preposition with stomach is to the one you'd use rather than at in on or of 027: uh neither sounds right to me um I'd think I'd probably say he must have eaten something that upset him Interviewer: but the term but the preposition of those that comes 027: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 comes closest # 027: if it would be at or to I think i would be more likely to say in {NW} Interviewer: okay and a person who is who can't keep food down he might 027: uh he might vomit Interviewer: now any any uh crude terms for that 027: oh yes um heave Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 is uh # the original Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 good term # Interviewer: uh-huh 027: as we were taught Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 uh in # school and then uh regurgitate Interviewer: uh well it is an interesting thing there I'll bet I was over twenty one before i knew that I always thought that vomit was the crude term 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 and throw up was the throw up was the uh was the uh # I really did I thought throw up was the 027: oh how about spilled his cookies Interviewer: yeah that's right I heard one that uh from a uh a college senior there uh uh in cleveland last week blow lunch 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 was not the most vigorous one I've heard so far # I'd uh never heard of that before 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 and I've heard a lot of 'em. Yeah it must be # uh Someone had some news and you know you say why did he come? over you'd say well he came over 027: To tell you the news Interviewer: yeah and if someone uh uh gives you something, lends you something you say that's really nice I'd like 027: Oh I'd like to have one of those Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 myself # Interviewer: oh yeah you you can keep though 027: I'd like to keep Interviewer: #1 yup # 027: #2 this # Interviewer: and you'd say 027: #1 that's not very polite # Interviewer: #2 if uh no no that's # is what the idea here is is whether you'd say you wouldn't say I'd like for to keep this 027: no Interviewer: um You say if that doesn't happen I'd be disappointed I 027: I'd be sorry Interviewer: well using uh uh Something before be I what be 027: I'd really be Interviewer: #1 yeah not # 027: #2 disappointed # Interviewer: no but using the part of the uh shall or will be disappointed 027: oh I shall be Interviewer: #1 uh and # 027: #2 disappointed # Interviewer: glad to see you we 027: uh we shall be glad to see you Interviewer: okay and if a child a child misbehaves you might say I'm gonna what you uh I'm going to 027: gonna spank you Interviewer: do you ever use go and spank, take and spank or up and spank 027: just spank Interviewer: alright a young man is seeing a lot of a girl they say he is what her he is 027: courting Interviewer: alright and she is um his 027: #1 girl # Interviewer: #2 They're not # yeah and uh and uh he is her 027: her date her friend her young man Interviewer: alright yeah alright well I was just thinking boyfriend girlfriend any other 027: #1 mm # Interviewer: #2 kind of terms that uh # um 027: no we've been interested some of the college neighbors Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 that have gotten # back from school have come to see us and brought friends and this is so and so she is a friend of mine from school Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: so and so he is a friend of mine from Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 school # very carefully Interviewer: that's interesting 027: I I thought so too. The child may have come two hundred miles to visit Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 and this is a friend # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh yeah # 027: #2 from school # Interviewer: Just one of the boys 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: yeah um they uh um uh after a date a boy might uh um bring a girl home and have uh he might at the door he might 027: #1 he might kiss her goodnight # Interviewer: #2 uh yeah # now what what are some other terms for that sort of thing in uh uh uh that is some terms some when you were young what terms were used 027: #1 I resent that when you were young # Interviewer: #2 uh yeah # 027: uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 027: #2 I think kiss is uh is a very good # Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 term um # I think uh such terms as um necking implying more than kiss Interviewer: yeah 027: #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 okay # 027: my mother used uh sparking Interviewer: yeah 027: and that sort of thing Interviewer: yeah and then but spooning then 027: #1 went back to # Interviewer: #2 probably came but # 027: #1 grandmother's time # Interviewer: #2 yeah right # 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah that's the that # necking yeah um 027: #1 and now they make out # Interviewer: #2 uh # yeah that's right but the the trouble with that is that these terms and making out are different than 027: #1 they they I think # Interviewer: #2 I mean you know it's # 027: #1 so # Interviewer: #2 you know you know and I really don't uh # uh uh you know it its hard especially hard to talk to kids about this because you know they 027: #1 they have definite distinctions # Interviewer: #2 you know they they got uh # right sure uh and if a a man has ask a woman to um um uh to marry him and she decides not to but shes all but she'd agreed before you might say she did what she 027: she broke her engagement Interviewer: yeah or she any any kind of jocular term there that might be used 027: she went back on her word Interviewer: yeah or anything like gave him the mitten threw him {X} 027: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 uh turned him # 027: #1 possibly turned him # Interviewer: #2 off or # 027: #1 down but I would # Interviewer: #2 right # 027: think of that more in terms of Interviewer: #1 yeah right # 027: #2 not accepting in the first place # Interviewer: #1 but if she did yeah if # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: she didn't they went ahead and 027: got married Interviewer: alright and the man a man who uh attends a uh uh a um uh uh at at a wedding who stands up with the groom is called 027: The best man Interviewer: and the woman counterpart is the 027: maid of honor or matron of honor Interviewer: or just one of a number they're yeah 027: a bridesmaid Interviewer: yeah uh a noisy serenade after a wedding 027: well it's called a chivaree Interviewer: did they ever call it a chivaree around here? 027: Yes my mother uh told of attending chivarees Interviewer: uh-huh could ya describe it for me what you 027: the dean of the college married and brought his bride back and the children all got out of the dormitory. The college at that time uh took you from first grade through college Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: and so the children were various ages Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 and they took # whistles and spoons and bells and what have you Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: and they went and hid on the lawn and as soon as the lights were turned out in the apartment then they started the Interviewer: #1 {NW}{C:Laughter} # 027: #2 {D:wild and nuts} # and then they serenaded Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 them # Interviewer: now the ser- but it it is serenade and uh uh a serenade then is part of the chivaree? 027: It was in this case Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 I # do not think it always was. I think they sometimes ended up with things like Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 fireworks and # horseplay Interviewer: yeah well they sometimes call that uh they call the the whole thing a serenade 027: oh Interviewer: uh but I mean you 027: #1 to me the serenade is # Interviewer: #2 {D:That's great} # 027: the music Interviewer: yeah chivaree is uh yeah the chivaree is uh very this is about I think this is the first as far south as I've 027: #1 as you've heard it? # Interviewer: #2 I've uh # it's very common in uh you know up uh and this is a very distinct regional 027: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 uh term # uh if you're talking about being in knoxville yesterday you said I was 027: I was in Knoxville Interviewer: #1 if you're gonna put a # 027: #2 yesterday # Interviewer: put a preposition in there what would you use? 027: I went to Knoxville oh I'm I would not say I was over in or up in or down in because it's too close Interviewer: alright if uh uh under what circumstances do you use up down and over? 027: oh I go down uh to Atlanta Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Or over to Nashville or down to Memphis Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: or out to Houston Interviewer: Alright out to Houston 027: uh-huh Interviewer: and then um uh where did and and uh and up to 027: oh Roanoke Washington. Interviewer: and north would be north south and then over is east and west but out is is 027: #1 is out West # Interviewer: #2 is east? # Out west you would say out to I went out to New York 027: no Interviewer: #1 out is # 027: #2 I went up to New # York Interviewer: yeah How about uh um if you went to um Richmond 027: I go up to Richmond Interviewer: alright let me think uh I think my geography If you went to Chapel hill 027: I'd probably go over across Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm yeah # 027: #2 the mountain Chapel Hill # Interviewer: now you wouldn't 027: #1 I'd # Interviewer: #2 You # 027: Go over to Chapel hill and I'd go Over to Ashe- Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 Ville # I'd go over to Spartanburg and Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 027: #2 columbia # I sure would Interviewer: but the but but you couldn't you couldn't you'd say over to Co- Interviewer: Going to Chapel Hill 027: I'd probably go over, across the mountain to Chapel Hill. Interviewer: Yeah now you wouldn't 027: I'd go over to Chapel Hill and I'd go over to Asheville. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 027: I'd go over to Spartanburg and Columbia. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 027: I sure would. Interviewer: But the, but But you couldn't You couldn't You said over to Columbia too? 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And that's #1 Because # 027: #2 Because # we go through {D: Newfoundaya}. Interviewer: Uh-huh. We'd be going over there. I see. 027: It's an over. Interviewer: Yeah, that's That is interesting. Uh But you don't there isn't there isn't enough Distance East to make it out, I suppose. to make it out one out Because in Chicago they really say sometimes {D: Southeast} in the Southeast 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: as well as out West. 027: I don't think we'd go out West as much as we'd go East. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. And you're talking about someone living just at say the Brown's house, would you, how would you How about over? Up? Down? 027: Uh I say, over it. Over {D: ruse} Um Which is across the road our other Marshalls, which is just beyond route which is up the hill. and I go over to Kitty's, which is all the way over in the other part of town. I use to go over to my mother's. Interviewer: Now it's over, what, what, what determines that? 027: Distance. I go up to the neighbors, or across the #1 neighbors # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: but when I go out on my subdivision and into Marehall, which is someone's house I'm going over to #1 their house. # Interviewer: #2 Alright well # What makes What's the difference between over and, or going up and going across? 027: I never go across. I guess I haven't learned that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 027: And I go up uh to places that really are North of me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 027: Or seem North of me, they may be Northeast. Interviewer: But if you went to a neighbor's house in the South you wouldn't you say I went down to? 027: No. Uh. I might go down the hill to someone's house if they were down the hill but it would be it's more a matter of Ruth and Marshall live up the hill. Interviewer: Do you ever, do you ever distinguish, this is an interesting distinction that I got in Cleveland and that was 'up and down' on the basis of social- 027: No. Interviewer: -uh difference in that I thought that was 027: Um, no. You may here someone say you're uh Uh, you're keeping exotic company matters or something like that. Interviewer: I didn't mean that. I didn't mean that. I mean living, I mean saying that a person lives down in whether it's 027: Oh! Down in such and such subdivision. Interviewer: Which is a lower or up-end 027: I don't think so, because uh we kept trying to did about a Park Side, which is our housing, uh federal housing, where Rose lives. {NW} I'd just say Rose lives in Park Side. Interviewer: But would- I want, would you say up,down, over there? 027: No, Rose lives in Park Side. I live in Westwood. Interviewer: Alright, let's say you went there. Would you say "I went over there," "I went up there," or "I went down there"? 027: Um, no. I went to Rose's home in Park Side. Interviewer: {X} 027: Nuh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. Um. We talked about all the people kind of in appreciative terms or all the kind of 027: The great mass. Interviewer: Yeah. Well we talked about your friends, let's say, and you were just using appreciative sentences were there. But using the whole something was there. The whole? 027: The whole group. The whole gang. Interviewer: Alright. um And music played, people got out on the floor, and that's the 027: The dance. Interviewer: Alright and at you have to be when you're driving around the school zone going around three or four o'clock, you have to be careful because the school- 027: Children are crossing. Interviewer: #1 Yeah and people # 027: #2 And school # was out. Interviewer: Yeah and you might have to call um when a uh at uh you want to find out, if a child begins school in September and you want to to know the exact dates you might call the principal and ask when does school. 027: Start. Interviewer: And a boy doesn't attend one class, you might say he? 027: He cut or he laid out. Interviewer: Alright, now what is there a difference between those two? 027: Uh, cut would be more on the college term and laid out would be someone the truant officer would go after. Interviewer: I see, and laid out would be all day rather than just one #1 class? # 027: #2 Not # necessarily. I have heard the children say he laid out of Chemistry. Interviewer: Oh that would be in high school? 027: It'd be in one period, Uh-huh.. Interviewer: And a person goes to school in order to get a good? 027: Education. Interviewer: Gets out of high school and goes to? 027: College. Interviewer: Gets out of kindergarten and goes into? 027: Grade school. Interviewer: And then first year is called? 027: The first grade. Interviewer: Yeah. And a child sits at a? 027: Desk. Interviewer: The plural? 027: Desks. Interviewer: And you check books out of the? 027: Library. Interviewer: And you mail a letter at the? 027: Post office. Interviewer: And in a strange town you might stay in a? 027: Hotel or a motel. Interviewer: And if you want to see a film, you might go to a? 027: Movie. Interviewer: And? 027: A theater. Interviewer: Yeah and if you have an operation, you'd go to a? 027: Hospital. Interviewer: And there there's a doctor and a? 027: Nurse. Interviewer: Okay, a place you get on a train. 027: {D: A base park?} Interviewer: Well for a train ride, where do you go to get on a train? 027: Oh to the depot. Interviewer: Alright, and uh 027: {D: by a train.} Interviewer: Yeah, that's right. In the, around the courthouse, Is there a lawn around the court- 027: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 house? # What do you call that? 027: {D: The Kerniaflam.} Interviewer: Okay. #1 {C: laughing} # 027: #2 {C: laughing} # Gotta love that. Interviewer: You don't, no you don't use green colored squares, though? 027: Not here, no. uh let's see, Cleveland has a town square, I believe. Interviewer: Now, if you're walking across something in this direction, you know, you don't walk this way you kind of walk. 027: You're going diagonally or catty-cornered. Interviewer: Do you ever call that anything else? 027: Jaywalking? Interviewer: Well, I was- Do you have the term {D: andy goggling or andy goggling?} 027: No. Interviewer: Yeah, andy goggling is one that um uh they like that one so much that I told them they wrote this up in a survey they were doing several years ago. and uh uh {D: Neandy whistling was a term that we got.} {D: Meaning we got up to North Georgia and we were going neandy whistling.} kind of throwing a cock eyed 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you know fashion across the field. {D: It was going.} Or planting something, Andy Goggling just #1 kind of cat that # 027: #2 I heard of that # Sky Goggling. Interviewer: Pardon? 027: Sky Goggling. Interviewer: Does that mean the same thing? 027: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Meaning 027: Yes. Interviewer: kind, planting things were you 027: Just every which way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: going, moving, or planting or #1 sewing # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 027: or what have you. Interviewer: I just Well, could you use that in a sentence so I could get a. 027: um That field is laid out so that it's actually sky goggling. Interviewer: Okay, that's seems to have the same, that must be from the same kind of family of terms. And now in most big cities they have buses but before they used to have. 027: Oh, street cars. Interviewer: And if you were riding on a bus you might tell the driver "I want" at the next stop, I want 027: I want off the next stop. Interviewer: Alright, and Maryville is the what of blank? 027: The seat of Blount County. Interviewer: Alright. um, would you call it the county? 027: Seat. Interviewer: Would you say that together though. 027: County seat. Interviewer: Yeah And if you work for the post office, you work for the federal? 027: Government. Interviewer: And the police department as a job is? 027: I mean it's #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # And the police department is supposed to maintain? 027: Law and order Interviewer: Yeah, and the War of eighteen-sixty-five that was over in 1865 was the? 027: War between the states. Interviewer: Do you ever call it anything else? 027: Um Yes. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I was just trying to. Yeah yeah! # And uh If they use the rope to execute murderers they say the murderer was? 027: Hanged. Interviewer: But he didn't wait until he was carried out, he did it himself in his cell, you'd say he? 027: He hanged himself. Interviewer: Alright Now, here's some geography and this is strictly for pronunciation. #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. uh The uh um, Rochester is in? 027: New York. Interviewer: New York? 027: State. Interviewer: Alright. And Baltimore? 027: Maryland. Interviewer: Roanoke? 027: Virginia. Interviewer: Asheville? 027: North Carolina. Interviewer: Uh, um. Colum- Columbia? 027: South Carolina. Interviewer: Uh Atlanta? 027: Georgia. Interviewer: Uh Tampa? 027: Florida. Interviewer: Birmingham? 027: Alabama. Interviewer: Uh. New Orleans? 027: Lousi- Interviewer: Yeah 027: Louisianna. Interviewer: The state just North of here? 027: Uh, there's four of them. North Carolina, Virginia uh South Carolina and Kentucky. Interviewer: Is-is-is South Carolina North of here too? Is that it comes up that far? 027: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah 027: Sure does. Interviewer: Um and the state The two states that that uh Tennessee touches on the West? 027: Um Mississippi and Arkansas. Interviewer: And just North of Arkansas is? 027: Missouri. Interviewer: And 027: No, do we go straight into Missouri? No, we go into Kentucky and then to Missouri. Interviewer: Yeah And the state West of Louisianna? 027: Texas. Interviewer: And North of Texas? In, in the 027: Oklahoma, I guess. Interviewer: Yeah, that's right. Now the big city in Maryland is? 027: Baltimore. Interviewer: And the seat of the federal government is? 027: Washington, D.C. Interviewer: And the largest city in Missouri? 027: Saint Louis. Interviewer: The court in South Carolina? 027: Is Charleston. Interviewer: There's some cities in There's some big big cities in Alabama. 027: Oh, well Other than Birmingham, there's Montgomery. And um Interviewer: There's court city, it's the only other one. 027: #1 Mobile. # Interviewer: #2 Down. # Yeah. And the big city in Illinois? 027: Is Chicago. Interviewer: And the city across here in North Carolina's mountains? 027: Asheville. Interviewer: And, The uh four uh big cities in Tennessee? 027: Oh. Knoxville, Chattanooga, Nashville, Memphis. Interviewer: And the big and four big cities in Georgia? 027: uh Atlanta, Columbus Is Macon a big city? And Brunswick? Is Brunswick a big city? Interviewer: Yeah, that's There's a fourth city though. 027: Is Brunswick? Interviewer: In North. 027: Oh, Augusta! Interviewer: No. 027: Savannah! Savannah. Savannah. Savannah. Savannah. {X} Interviewer: Maybe Augusta are the middle and fourth now. I said. 027: It must be, because it Interviewer: #1 said an important. # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: See uh And two big cities in Louisiana? 027: Oh um Baton Rogue and New Orleans. Interviewer: And the river city in Ohio? Cin- Cin- 027: In uh A home on the river? Interviewer: Uh-huh.. 027: I'm sorry, Cincinnati? Interviewer: Sure. And then and then if you continue down the river or towards the Mississippi you'd get to the city you come to in Kentucky. 027: Oh it's {X} That's right out of Cincinnati, but that's not what you're thinking of. Interviewer: It's the one near the Church of Dallinger. 027: Oh, Lexington. Interviewer: No, over. 027: Louisville. Interviewer: Yeah. 027: Okay, I always get those two mixed. Interviewer: If you're talking about how far uh, if someone says how far it is from here to Knoxville you say "oh it's about 14..." 027: Uh, sixteen miles Or sixteen miles Southeast of Knoxville. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if someone wants to know if after you do something you "say well I don't know" I want to do that or not. I don't. 027: I don't know if I would like. Interviewer: Alright. And if someone's been sick for a long time and say "it seems what he'd never pulled through." 027: It seemed like a miracle. Interviewer: Ah. And if you had said I You refused to go by yourself you might tell a friend, "I won't go, you go too. I won't go." 027: I won't go unless you go too. Interviewer: And the other choice of doing two things, you say "I did this doing that. I did this." 027: Instead of doing that. Interviewer: Yeah. And someone says "why do you like him so much?" and the answer is that he's so funny so you say "I like him." 027: I like him because he's so funny. Interviewer: Uh um. And someone, someone's going to leave and you say "I won't stay. You go, I-" 027: I won't stay if you go. Interviewer: Yeah. And the largest church in the South is the. 027: The largest church in the South? You mean building? Interviewer: #1 No, just- # 027: #2 Or # denomination? Interviewer: Denomination. 027: I guess it would be the Catholic church. Interviewer: The largest Protestant church... 027: Would be the Baptist. Interviewer: Yeah. And they, if a person becomes a member, you'd say he... 027: He joined the Baptist church. Interviewer: Alright and the uh the church where one worships... 027: Uh. Interviewer: The Supreme Being. 027: Oh, the one worships God. Interviewer: Yeah. And If an old person says "My..." 027: My God. Interviewer: And a minister preaches a... 027: Sermon. Interviewer: And the organ plays... 027: An anthem. Interviewer: And an anthem is a kind of. 027: Hymn. Interviewer: And a hymn, an anthem all of those are different kinds of... 027: Of um Interviewer: You know a symphony would also be another kind of variety of 027: Classical music? Interviewer: Yeah! Just-just-just music. 027: Music. Interviewer: Um. And the song from Oklahoma, "Oh, What a..." 027: Beautiful Morning. Interviewer: Yeah. And what's a ballad? 027: A ballad? Interviewer: Yeah. 027: It is a story about a person who actually lived telling what he did and has been uh carried down by uh word mouth, by hearing not by having been written. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the term 'ballad' used for a hymn? 027: No, I don't think so. Interviewer: Alright, if um if you're going to church and you get a flat tire and you have to fix it, there's a lot of flat tires that day, you might say "Church will be over..." 027: Before we get there! Interviewer: Okay. And the uh proprietor of hell is... 027: Satan. Interviewer: Any other terms for. 027: Saint Nick. Lucifer. um. Interviewer: How about one beginning with "d." 027: The devil. Interviewer: Yeah. 027: The devil do I see. Interviewer: Alright. Any other uh um uh jocular terms? 027: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: There's a house in a neighborhood that children are afraid of to go in to. You might call that a... 027: A haunted house. Interviewer: And what's supposed to be in there? 027: Oh spooks and ghosts and something that'll get them. Interviewer: You say "I think I'm going to put on a sweater because it's a..." #1 What? # 027: #2 It's a little chilly. # Interviewer: Alright and you say "oh, I'll do that if you insist but I'd really..." 027: I'd really rather not. Interviewer: And if you're If someone comes in that you haven't seen in a long time, you might say "glad to see," you might say "I'm..." 027: Glad to see you. Interviewer: Yeah, So if you were going to use "delighted" or "glad," what um... 027: I'm so glad to see you. Interviewer: That's- okay. And once again we're back to right smart, if uh you're talking about someone owning a large amount of land, now you might say we talked about right smart as probably being appropriate there, but you said you don't use that facetiously. What would you probably say? "He owns a..." 027: He owns a large tract of land or he owns half of Blount County or something like that. Interviewer: Alright, would you ever use a good deal? 027: No. Interviewer: Um, if there's a slight difference between two things, you might say "well they're not- they seem about the same, but if but this one is..." 027: Just a little better than that one. Interviewer: Alright, okay. Um, if you're- someone asks you if you're able to do something, you say "why can I..." 027: I certainly can. Interviewer: Alright. And , um, someone- you want to use something to modify "he dreaded the place" to indicate forcefully "he what dreaded the place?" He? 027: Oh, he really dreaded that #1 place. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # And if it's the Is it Someone says "is it very cold?" do they always say "oh yes it's..." 027: I would say it is just you know, real cold. Interviewer: Yeah 027: When we had um A-S-T-P students here doing World War Two, they'd say it's colder in hell and I thought that was funniest #1 thing I'd ever heard # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Where's A-S-T-P? Is that 027: Oh, Army Stephen Pilot Training. Interviewer: Oh I #1 see. # 027: #2 Then # they had them in colleges Interviewer: Uh-huh. 027: to finish their college education. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh, and was used "real" in the sense of "good" too? 027: Yes, that's real good. Interviewer: Yeah. And did you ever- Have you ever heard the expression "Those are-" Speaking of indicating if something is of high quality saying for instance those "those are real dogs" or... 027: Um. That's real class. Interviewer: Yeah. 027: Something like that, perhaps. Interviewer: But not with a- with a specific thing that is like 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um 027: That's the real thing. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Now some expressions of um that you might use of- let's say I hit your thumb with a hammer. What might you say? 027: {NW} I'd say "Ow!" Interviewer: #1 Yeah, alright. # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: But any but a kind of a of a, a most a specific word that you might use there. 027: Oh darn. Something. Interviewer: Okay. And is that about is that's about the most severe that you've used? 027: Yes. Interviewer: Alright. And then- Alright and then- Do you ever use the expression uh "shucks" or "lamb steaks"? Either of those? 027: No, I for goodness sakes. Now I've heard those. Interviewer: And if something- If somebody did something that was really weird you know and you might say "why the is that?" 027: Why in the world would you do that? Interviewer: Did you ever use the expression "the idea"? 027: Uh-huh. #1 Years ago I # Interviewer: #2 How many- # 027: The very idea. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And. How would you, um, greet a close friend that you saw for the first time and you hadn't seen them for a while, you might say? 027: Hello! I'm so glad to see you. Interviewer: Alright. And how would you uh- Uh Uh How would you- How would you greet a stranger? Someone introduced you to someone, you might say... 027: How do you do? I'm so glad to meet you. Interviewer: Alright. Now what- How about the expression "how are you"? 027: Ah, yes. uh Interviewer: Would that be more for strangers or for... 027: Uh, that- is just a greeting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 027: A lot- Hi, how are you? Interviewer: uh-huh 027: That's just all sort of the same. Interviewer: Yeah. 027: It doesn't require an answer really. Interviewer: Okay, they um- uh Yeah that's- Somebody gave that as a- As a definition of a bore someone gives you an answer to #1 "how are you?" # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um, uh If a person who, um uh uh Someone leaves and you might say "come..." 027: Come again. Interviewer: Alright. And the usual greeting on December twenty-fifth? 027: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Alright. Was there anything else you might have said when you were younger, a child as a as a... 027: No. We always said "Merry Christmas." Um. My cousins used to say "Christmas Gift." Interviewer: Ah, okay. 027: But that always seemed to me as if it were implying that they expected you to be #1 bringing something. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah now # where, where was- Where did they live? 027: They were right here in Blount County. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Did they # 027: #2 They had got # it from colored people. Interviewer: uh-huh yeah That's kind of a game they play, you know. The Christmas gift thing. It's kind of like when you say Christmas gift then you have to #1 {D: give them something.} # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And then the usual greeting on January first? 027: Happy New Year. Interviewer: And if someone does a great favor for you you might say "I'm much..." 027: Uh, you're thinking "I'm much obliged." Interviewer: Yeah. Uh, what would you- How would you pronounce that, but now that you have pronounced it what might you say? What would you- 027: I'm very grateful. Interviewer: Okay. 027: Thank you so much. Interviewer: Alright. If someone uh asks you if you could do something, you say asks you if you have time to do something you say "well I..." 027: I think so. {X} Interviewer: And if you had to buy some um uh some food, you would go to the... 027: The grocery. Interviewer: And you say "I have to go uh uh into town today, I have to do some..." 027: Shopping. Interviewer: And you go #1 outside- # 027: #2 Or some # errands. Interviewer: Okay and you had to- you bought a package and and the clerk, he... 027: He wrapped it. Interviewer: And then you took it home and you... 027: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: And they The man who owned the store lost money because he had to sell it at... 027: At cost or uh below cost. Interviewer: What would you say if he hadn't sold it at below cost, he sold it at a... 027: At a loss. Interviewer: Yeah. And you say "I'm going to buy but it what too much?" It? 027: It costs too much. Interviewer: And on the- On the uh first of the month or the tenth of the month {X} On the tenth of the month the bill is... 027: Due. Interviewer: And if you belong to a club you have to pay your? 027: Dues. Interviewer: If you don't have enough money you might have to go to a bank and... 027: Borrow. Interviewer: And in the thirties, money was? 027: Very scarce. Interviewer: Uh Do you- uh- Are you familiar with the use of the expression "anymore"? Or would you use it saying "anymore money is scarce" in the same sense as you- 027: No. I would say I don't go there anymore. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, but would you # 027: #2 Not anymore money is scarce. # Interviewer: Have you heard- You hear that a lot around here? 027: Uh, no. Interviewer: uh-huh 027: You might hear out- More out toward the mountains. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 027: I haven't heard it uh in a long time. Interviewer: Um Someone got up on the diving board and then he... 027: Dived. Interviewer: He has... 027: He has dived. Interviewer: And he will? 027: Dived? Interviewer: And to dive in the water and land flat on your stomach is a? 027: Belly flop. Interviewer: Okay when the child is on the floor, he turns a? 027: Flip. Interviewer: Or a? 027: Cartwheel. Interviewer: Yeah, or a som- 027: Somersault! Yeah, yeah, yeah. Interviewer: And he j- he he jumped in the water and he... 027: Dog paddled. Interviewer: And or just he 027: Swam? Interviewer: Yeah He will... 027: {D: Swim} Interviewer: He has? 027: Swum. Interviewer: Alright. And a bonus or a gift that might be tossed in with a purchase When a purchase is made or a bill is paid. 027: Uh, didn't get that here but it's lagniappe. Interviewer: Yeah A lagniappe is in- 027: In Louisiana. Interviewer: In Louisiana and in Texas it's {D: peon}. 027: Yes Interviewer: But But the 027: You don't get it here. Interviewer: {D: pirogues} is the only term that I think that That uh Is the You might get into at some parts, but if you get I hadn't uh uh {X} If someone went down to the third time in the water you'd say he was? 027: He was going down for the third time, he was drowning. Interviewer: Yeah, he uh he? He did? 027: He drowned. Interviewer: Alright. And a baby gets down on all fours and? 027: Crawls. Interviewer: And. Uh. The squirrel what up the tree? 027: Climbs. Or runs. Interviewer: Yeah. Yesterday the squirrel? 027: Climbed up the tree. Interviewer: Has? 027: Has climbed the tree. Interviewer: Alright the child would stand behind the chair some people might say he? down behind the chair? 027: Oh, he crouched down. Interviewer: Alright And uh In church, uh especially in a Catholic church, would say that the parishioners- 027: #1 Kneel. # Interviewer: #2 Pray. # 027: #1 Yes they. # Interviewer: #2 Kneel to pray. # 027: They knelt to pray. Interviewer: Alright, and uh If I'm tired I think I'll what down for a while? 027: Lie down for a while. Interviewer: Alright. Say that lazy, lousy, he what in bed all day? He? 027: He lay in bed all day. Interviewer: Right. If I didn't, I- I slept the uh last night but I I already have- 027: But, I'm still tired this #1 morning? # Interviewer: #2 No no. # Stop. {NS} 027: {X} #1 I dreamed. # Interviewer: #2 I slept. # Yeah. 027: I slept. Interviewer: "I dream" is what I was getting at. I I I knew I was going to. 027: Dream. Interviewer: I have? 027: Dreams. Or I have dreamt. Interviewer: And what I And Early in the morning, I? 027: Awoke. Interviewer: Alright and to do this on the floor. {NS} Hard is to. 027: Stomp. Interviewer: Yeah. Alright and first, after a date or dance, a boy might say to a girl "May I?" 027: May I take you home? Interviewer: Yeah. And get on a rope and you? 027: You pull. Interviewer: When you're buying a cart and stuff and you have to? 027: Push. Interviewer: You have a heavy bag of meal or luggage. You say you what that up the stairs? 027: Oh, lugged it up. Interviewer: Okay, now how about tote? 027: Um, I don't believe we tote anymore. And we never did carry. You have to go to Georgia to be carried. #1 Which just # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 027: fascinated #1 me when I was # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 027: a little girl. Interviewer: uh-huh And if a child is running around getting into all kinds of things, you might say now don't- don't be alarmed but don't? 027: Just, just don't do that. Don't touch things. Interviewer: Yeah. And if you wanted to see one of the a knife or uh scissors {X} You might ask someone go? 027: Go in my bedroom and get me the scissors out of my sewing basket. Interviewer: And uh In a Now would you say "go get" rather than "go bring"? 027: Yes. Interviewer: Alright. In a game- 027: But I would say "please bring me" if I weren't instructing to go get it. Interviewer: uh-huh. Okay. In a uh Uh in a game that plays where people want to tag or touch 027: Is tag? Interviewer: Yeah, the place while in a In a game You know the place where they end? Where they? 027: Oh, home base. Interviewer: Alright. Now how about in football, they cross the what line? 027: The goal line. Interviewer: Alright. And throw a ball up in the air and you try to? 027: Catch it. Interviewer: Did you? You say "yes, I..." 027: Caught it. Interviewer: I have? 027: Caught it. Interviewer: If someone's in a big rush, you say "take it easy, I'll wait..." 027: For you. Interviewer: And if a child has been misbehaving and punching, the child might say "please, please give-" 027: {D: Please don't.} Interviewer: Give me a? 027: Give me another chance. Interviewer: And if a person's in You might say he's in good spirits or you might say he's in good? 027: Oh, good mood. Good humor. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh and so we have to get the {D: working} man out because I want to what those bugs? I want to? 027: I want to kill those bugs. Interviewer: Yeah or get? 027: Get rid of those #1 bugs. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # And person uh putting on the diff- um say he knew it all, you might say he what he knew it all? 027: He thought he knew it all. Interviewer: And alright and um a child in school might say who what {D: mom} Interviewer: Someone tells you something that you hadn't you know reminding you of something you say "oh yes now I..." 027: Now I remember. Interviewer: And if you didn't you say "well I don't..." 027: I don't remember that at all. Interviewer: If they had {D: attitude?} 027: I had to write. Interviewer: Yesterday, I? 027: Wrote. Interviewer: I had? 027: Written. Interviewer: And now I expect? 027: To write. Interviewer: You expect a reply, you might say reply or when you when you uh uh or you might say you expect an? 027: Answer the letter. Interviewer: Yeah, but using an analogy saying "now I expect..." you know an answer using it that way. 027: I expect a reply or I expect a letter in return. Interviewer: Yeah and so you put a um on the envelope, you put the person's name and? 027: Address. Interviewer: And you might have to ask someone "what is his..." 027: Zip code. Interviewer: Or his? 027: Address. Interviewer: Uh and when you do that, you say "I'm going to what the letter"? Would you ever use 027: I'm going to mail it. Interviewer: Would you ever use address or address {C: pronunciation} there for the "I had to..." 027: Oh, I'm going to address the letter, yes. mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if I was doing something strange, my mother might say "who?" 027: Who taught you that? Interviewer: Yeah, and if you haven't gotten around you say "we haven't gotten around to doing that yet but we?" 027: We will. We expect to do it soon. Interviewer: Alright. And then, you say that someone I had uh I'm not going to do that but you can if... 027: If you wish. Interviewer: Alright. And children's nicknames were one of the tattles... 027: Tattle, tattle, tat. Your tongue will be slit. Interviewer: Okay And you might go out in the garden and put these in a vase. You go out? 027: Cut flowers. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Something a child plays with? 027: A doll? A ball? Interviewer: Yeah, or a general term for anything? 027: Toys. Interviewer: Yeah anything else? The term we talked about yesterday? 027: Plaything. Interviewer: Yeah. 027: A play pretty's your thing, huh? Interviewer: If something happened that you uh the child would play around or fall down and that was going to happen you say "I just?" 027: I just knew that was going to happen. Interviewer: If someone says um uh uh you had um Which one um did you receive from someone, you would say "well that's the one you?" 027: That's the one you gave me. Interviewer: Yeah and uh You um I hadn't even asked for it and you had already. You had? 027: Already brought it to #1 him. # Interviewer: #2 You had? # 027: Given it to him. Interviewer: Yeah uh And if you wanted to know what time someone um you might say started work or another ways you say we? 027: We began work or we went to work. Interviewer: Yeah and the work had before we? 027: Had begun. Interviewer: Alright. And we will? #1 Now that we # 027: #2 We will begin. # Interviewer: Yeah And he had what along the path before? He had? 027: He had walked. Interviewer: And moving more rapidly? 027: Run. Interviewer: Yeah. 027: He had jogged on the path. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Yesterday he? 027: Yesterday he ran. Interviewer: Yeah. um and um he Over to tell me his news he? 027: He ran over and he came over. Interviewer: Yeah and tomorrow he will? 027: Will run over. Interviewer: Or will come? 027: Will come over. Interviewer: Yeah. And with your eyes you? 027: You look. Interviewer: Alright and you? 027: See. Interviewer: Yeah and yesterday you? 027: Saw. Interviewer: You had? 027: Seen. Interviewer: Alright and you had to take a detour on a downtown road but it was all? 027: Torn up. Interviewer: Okay and uh you give someone a bracelet and then like say go ahead and? 027: Put it on. Wear it. Interviewer: Right. And you say "that's nothing new, he had that before." He had? 027: He had done that before. Interviewer: Yesterday, he? 027: He did that yesterday. Interviewer: And he will again. He will? 027: He will do it tomorrow. Interviewer: If someone says "what's new?" you'd say? 027: Nothing. Interviewer: You say come now there must be. 027: Something. Interviewer: Yeah, I think I'll go out because it's what a nice day? It's uh? 027: Such a nice day. Interviewer: And how long has it been that way? You say "as far as I know, it's?" 027: Always. Interviewer: And I've lived here nineteen? 027: Fifty-two years. Interviewer: I've lived here ev- ever? 027: Ever since nineteen-hundred Interviewer: Okay and if someone says why why did why did uh he Did he do that accidentally? And you say "no he did it?" 027: Absolutely on purpose. Interviewer: Right and uh do you make it a distinction between these two expressions: "I think so" and I think so. Do those have two different meanings? 027: No. Interviewer: Um. uh. Someone Have a question, you don't have the answer to it yourself you say "well, I have that many times myself." I have? 027: I've asked that question #1 many times # Interviewer: #2 And I probably will? # 027: Ask it again. Interviewer: And those little boys can't get along together they what all the time? 027: They fight. Interviewer: Yesterday they? 027: Fought. Interviewer: They have? 027: Fought. Interviewer: And a large knife that's made for a large knife that might A hunter knife you would use it in killing a wild hog is a? 027: Oh hunting knife? A dagger? Interviewer: Yeah. Alright he what the hog with the knife? He? 027: I suppose he struck him. Interviewer: Or stu- 027: Stuck him? Interviewer: Yeah. 027: You stick a pig when you're going to slaughter him. Interviewer: Alright well a man who's Another man you might say he what him with the knife? In the back. You say? 027: Oh, he stabbed him in the back. Interviewer: Yeah. And then he what the blade out? He? 027: He pulled it out. Interviewer: Alright. 027: And wiped it off. Interviewer: Alright if one dropped- Yeah. {NW} Alright. 027: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And if something. That you, you If you had to lift something up A heavy Well a safe, let's say you're going to lift a safe up and you have to get it into a a room you know up on the third floor or something uh. For the elevator, they put it on something and. 027: The block and {D: tow} Interviewer: And then they what it up in the air? 027: Pull it up. Interviewer: Or what? 027: Hoist it up. Interviewer: Yeah. And you have an orange and your two children there and you want to give one a part. You say "I'm going to?" 027: I'm going to divide it in half. Interviewer: Yeah Do you ever say "I'm going to cut it?" 027: In two? Interviewer: Yeah. Or cut half in two? 027: Cut it in two or divide it in half. Interviewer: Alright. And if someone's bothering someone else, you say "don't!" 027: Don't bother me. Leave me #1 alone. # Interviewer: #2 Don't sat # say to him don't. uh You say "don't listen to him,""don't pay attention to him," or "don't pay him..." 027: I would never say "don't pay him no mind." Interviewer: No. Don't pay him no {X} nevermind. 027: Never. Interviewer: Yeah. um If something didn't irritate you, you'd say "well that's alright, he didn't?" 027: He didn't bother me at all. Interviewer: Alright. And uh Someone might say "women, you better watch out for her because she'll what you out of bed?" She'll? 027: Oh, she'll kick you out of that. She'll do you out of #1 bed. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah that, that # But doing out of it in a kind of could you hold it you know you say- 027: Oh, she'll talk you out of it? Interviewer: Yeah or would you say "sweet talk" or or is that at all used just the words you do? 027: No, um sweet talk something see in the fun paper. Interviewer: Oh what's- 027: You see it in the funny paper rather than Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I see. Uh-huh. 027: Is it crazy how he. Interviewer: Okay, now um if a teacher might say to um to students about the bell you know um uh uh 027: Is it time for the #1 bell to ring? # Interviewer: #2 yeah because # Well you should listen? 027: Listen for the bell? Interviewer: Yeah. And when we talked before about the child sitting down behind something. And when the child jumped up, he might say? 027: Surprise! Interviewer: Okay. And then you'd say Think about that same thing someone is say something like "you needn't be so?" 027: You needn't be so surprised? Interviewer: Yeah. 027: You was there all the time. Interviewer: Well, okay. Or like the other word is "snatched." But you ever You know that? You needn't be snatched or snatched or surprised? Um and if someone asked you if you had come over to A neighbor was going to borrow something and um some oil and say "well I've got," go ahead and march it, say "I've got?" 027: A little bit. Interviewer: Alright. And you're trying to do two thing, you'd say "well I'd rather do this..." 027: Than that. Interviewer: And had If a stranger you might you might Someone who wants to meet a stranger you say "well I'll..." 027: I'll introduce you. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the expression "knock you down?" Meaning introduced? 027: No! {NW} Interviewer: Um, that's in Huckleberry Finn. 027: It is. Interviewer: To knock you down. And I {X} In the In Hannibal. The old man 027: Is that right? Interviewer: Knock you down, he gets knocked down to get away. I'll give you a knock down. 027: I don't remember it in Huckleberry Finn. Interviewer: Um {NS} Now, someone gives you all sorts of reasons you know for doing something. And, but despite everything with you, you say "despite everything you said, I still won't go." How might you say it. 027: You couldn't talk me into it. Interviewer: Would you say something- Would you ever use "yet" and "still" or "for all that," "nevertheless" or something like that? 027: No, not even "nevertheless." Interviewer: Okay, well that's it. Interviewer: But thank you very much. 027: #1 {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {C: laughing} # 027: Where you knew everybody and everybody knew you and it's grown and sprawled. Until our joint population with Alcoa is something like fifty thousand. {NS} Interviewer: What are the the principle {NS} sections of Maryville the principle do you know parts of it? 027: Originally the town was over {NS} where you first come in. I don't know how you came. Interviewer: From um Knoxville out the Alcoa highway. 027: Uh-huh. Well you missed it. The principle the original section was over where the railroad tracks are. Then by the time I was growing up that was known as Little Town. Now when my parents were growing up the train came in over there and that was the end of the line and there was a turntable and my dad and all the little boys Interviewer: Mm-kay. 027: got out and turned the train around so it could go back to Knoxville. And uh then Maryville moved. Eastward. Moved Westward. Across the ridge, you see we're on three ridges. And they're all on Pistol Creek. Pistol Creek just Interviewer: Circles? 027: All over the pl- I can give you a map if you would like. Interviewer: My understanding so if they just kind of twist around like. 027: Yeah uh-huh. And um. Several years ago when they were repaving what we used to call Main Street and now call Broadway and which has um I guess about fifteen years ago they did this renovation and curving broadway #1 and all this # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 027: {D: betting and put the fallow} #1 seeds in # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: and the big joke was you know the the Indians are going to attack Fort Loudoun. Interviewer: {NW} 027: {NW} We're getting ready for 'em. Hoping uh to attract business back downtown and away from the shopping centers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Which it has not done. Interviewer: {NW} I see. 027: And um then we moved to the shopping centers and then now this particular subdivision was uh planted in nineteen and eighteen or nineteen but it wasn't built in until the sixties. Interviewer: {NW} That was quite a quite 027: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {D: a spring then.} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: That's right. Interviewer: What is this particular subdivision called? 027: This is Westwood. Interviewer: What are some of the other residential subdivisions like Westwood? 027: The oldest one I guess well the oldest one is Eagleton Village, which was built to house uh Oak Ridge workers Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: during the war. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Uh they commuted from here to Oak Ridge. At well the oldest one is Alcoa because the whole town was built by the company for its workers and it did not open up for private ownership until after the war. Uh World War Two. And uh. Interviewer: Um Maryville and Alcoa is that kind of like one town almost? Or? 027: Uh the city limit signs are on the same post. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: But Alcoa had no business except a dry cleaner and a grocery store until it was opened Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and they sold the company houses to the people that wanted them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: It was built for the workers and they had um a garden spot in the backyard of every house and uh so that they could raise their own food. And then there were five houses I guess for executives which were very very lovely elegant homes and they were in sort of a little park Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: to themselves. But they had a high schoo- well they had elementary and high school. And they had the most beautiful swimming pool in the south. Which was built in about twenty-three or twenty-four and has just this year been rebuilt. Interviewer: Oh is it? 027: But they kept uh the general features of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: It really is they scared us all to death #1 last year they # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: promised us a wave pool and the whole county just went up in arms and so the wave pool went to Pigeon Forge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Uh talking about the the residential areas what oh would you say of the the nicest or the wealthier residential areas around Maryville? 027: Uh Westwood uh was built first. And after we got about twenty houses out here then uh Heritage Hills opened. Interviewer: Whereabouts is Heritage Hills? 027: Its about five miles down Montvale road beyond us toward the mountains. And um Sunset View which is you almost hit as you came off the bypass you know you will hit it as you go on the bypass. Uh is probably the oldest one that that was actually plotted and occupied. Before that the Willard subdivision which was before I was born. And the first one that I remember is Sunset View and they were varying their they varied from very large and very lovely homes to nice small homes. And they still do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: #1 It hasn't changed # Interviewer: #2 {D: Yeah?} # 027: in character at all. Interviewer: That's unusual for #1 something to # 027: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: last that long and 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and not change its character it is. 027: It has they have opened up a whole new other subdivision which is named Sherwood Forest but everyone considers it Sunset View because the roads just go on through. And um. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. What about the say poorer neighborhoods where would where would they be? 027: Uh until about five years ago they were just on the other side of Main Street. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: Broadway. And then housing came in. Interviewer: Mm. 027: Federal housing. Interviewer: Mm. Oh and those were housing projects they don't know why #1 they came out and # 027: #2 Right. # Interviewer: #1 yeah mm-hmm. # 027: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 # 027: #2 # Those are housing projects and there are housing projects out here less than two miles away from us. And uh we didn't realize they were housing project and I was Interviewer: #1 helping # 027: #2 {NW} # a young friend have a home. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: And uh {NW} he was told that the criteria was how many children you had. Interviewer: {NW} 027: And um so that let him out immediately. {NW} Interviewer: It would let me out too so. 027: {NW} So that's how we found out. {NS} But it was pretty evident pretty quickly that that's what it is. Interviewer: What about now uh say middle middle or working come working class neighborhoods where which ones would they be? Whereabouts maybe? 027: Uh right beyond us just in the county is Fairview Heights. Which is separated from Westwood by a fence and by a very nice very good county school. And um when these two were open they were {NW} {NW} rich man's acres and poor man's paradise. Interviewer: {NW} I guess that 027: {NW} Interviewer: that sums things up pretty good. 027: {NW} So uh as far as subdivisions now all over town of course you find both because we have the college. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: And we have people who commute we have quite a few U-T teachers who commute who live in more in Alcoa than in Maryville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Some that live in Maryville we have college teachers and now these beautiful old Victorian homes are being bought by young people. #1 Young professional people # Interviewer: #2 Restoring? # 027: and uh restored as they can Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and just its really thrilling to see. Interviewer: Dr. Wright in the English department I believe was out in Maryville. 027: Wright. #1 Right across # Interviewer: #2 Maybe? # 027: from the uh campus in a house which her mother designed and built. Interviewer: Mm. #1 I had just been there I didn't # 027: #2 Built. # Interviewer: I did know that she she lived here though. 027: Uh-huh. Oh yes. Interviewer: {NW} The uh uh. 027: She's a very good friend of mine. Interviewer: Oh I didn't realize that. 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I think she's in is she in Europe this summer or? #1 Its kind of kind of a # 027: #2 That's right # she goes almost every summer she goes to well she's working on the other end of this uh whatever it's proper term is. Interviewer: Yes ma'am the Linguistic 027: And she #1 worked with # Interviewer: #2 Atlas. # 027: uh Interviewer: With uh Professor Orton? 027: Uh Professor Orton from Leeds who uh died. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: And about two years ago and um he was a charming man. Interviewer: I was never able to meet him I've heard some tapes and things that he made and made in some tongues but. 027: He was utterly charming and I was so amused one evening we had our niece who went to the University of New Mexico and was here for her spring break because she went with a young man who was at the University of Virginia. And so they spent spring break with us which was a pretty good Interviewer: Mm-hmm yes ma'am. 027: point uh and uh we were up at Gatlinburg and Nathalia was up there with the Ortons and some other people and so we were introducing and uh Doctor Orton said to Ann now and where do you go to school and she said the University of New Mexico and he said and where is that? And she looked at him and she said in the state of New Mexico. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: Which left him just as blank as a board. {C: Previous line laughing} but he left her just as blank. {NW} Interviewer: I guess so. 027: {NW} That was one he hadn't heard of. {NW} Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Uh now you were talking about Alcoa what about the uh neighborhoods there were they are they wealthy or or working class or? 027: Both. Interviewer: Both? 027: Mm-hmm. Uh you have your and they are still not too not too mixed. You have some mixed neighborhoods. Some mixed marriages some mixed families. But not too many. And uh those are in the um very lowest of the working class. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: But now the school is integrated and my husband's secretary that lives in Alcoa and her children go to school out there. And her uh son is um co-captain of the football team for the junior high next year, and the other co-captain is black. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And he said uh Mom can I have Nathaniel out to spend the night and she said sure Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and said but remember Nathaniel is going to return the favor. And do you want to spend the night with Nathaniel? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And Billy thought about it a while he says well I don't believe I'll have #1 Nathaniel. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: {NW} Which I thought handled it very nicely. Interviewer: {NW} Now are they are most are most of the blacks in the area in Alcoa? 027: They are in the area or around Hall road which is the main street going through Alcoa spreading out on each side for about a five block area I would say. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: Then when you get out further out of Alcoa out of that area you get into still company housing but housing that and many of the blacks uh the man who does our yard owns his house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: completely. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Free and clear and he says they talked to me about moving up somewhere and no cause I own my house I'm not about to leave it. And um he's so right. But uh then you find uh I have several good friends who live in company houses who have chosen to stay in company houses because they're painted every year they're maintained Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and they have raised their families there and they are are comfortable there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and they prefer to stay there. And then you you move on out and you find other neighborhoods getting further out from the center of town. {NS} Where people have built their own homes and bought from the company and the five executive homes that I had mentioned #1 are all privately # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yes ma'am. # 027: owned now and sort of break my heart when I drive by because I remember how they were and what fun it was to visit my friends who lived there and they don't look like that anymore. #1 They they # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's. # 027: couldn't conceivably Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: without the aluminum company #1 keeping them up. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 027: {NW} Interviewer: The uh are there black neighborhoods in Maryville at all? 027: Uh we have one settlement I guess you would call it. We closed the black high school when it had forty students. And integrated it. And the grade school had been integrated years before but they preferred to keep their high school and they had a very fine young man whose um wife had worked for me while she was going to Knoxville college and uh I'd just leave she'd come afternoons and her blue jeans didn't bother me at all. She was a brilliant girl and uh they I went down and I visited them to present a book from the D.A.R. or something and I was quite impressed. But they finally had to uh integrate but at that time we had about forty families Interviewer: {NW} 027: in Maryville and they moved out on the Morgonton Road area I don't know exactly where out there. And this little nucleus is your {D: tusks.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Now we have other blacks who live in the public housing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: In fact uh one girl who worked for me said everybody that I moved to get away from #1 got over there before I did. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 027: {NW} So um but we don't really have #1 a black # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: neighborhood it would be Alcoa. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And it has always been Alcoa. Interviewer: In in Alcoa there is a are there separate areas for wealthier blacks and poor ones or is it just kind of merged #1 together? # 027: #2 Now that # I don't know I have no idea. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: Uh well um yeah I do too, Oldfield. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Is where the wealthier ones live because Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: um most of them own their own homes and have built them. And uh they are the uh ministers and the best brick mason in Blount county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And his sons who work with him and uh that would be the wealthier section. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Now uh when we're talking about you mentioned downtown uh is that where are most of the banks and all still down there? 027: We have branch banks spread all over Blount county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: the. Interviewer: Whereabouts are the main offices? 027: The main offices are still downtown. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And um the courthouse is downtown. Most of the law offices are downtown. My husband's office he is a lawyer Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: is uh a building that he built which is two blocks or a block and a half from the courthouse. And two blocks from First Federal which is our chief savings and loan. Interviewer: Mm-hmm yes ma'am. 027: And uh which he represents. And uh there are well Parks-Belk and Minton's. Parks-Belk of course is a chain but somewhat privately owned. Interviewer: Mm-hmm yes ma'am. 027: And Minton's is totally a Maryville store. Which still has its chief store downtown although they have opened two branches in the shopping centers. Interviewer: Where are the shopping major shopping centers? 027: Oh uh Midtown Center is your chief one here. And it is just down the hill. And across the road in Alcoa. {NW} Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: They took down a hill to build it #1 and then this # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: chief and first and largest public housing project was built right behind it. And then uh a private company has come in and built one apartment building. Uh which is based on what you can pay for the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: people over sixty-five. And uh it is totally maintained they have no maintenance they have buses they have bus trips taking them here there and yon. They are one room apartments. Interviewer: Mm. 027: And what it will look like three years from now is #1 your guess. # Interviewer: #2 Pretty small one # one room. 027: Well that's what they can take care of. Interviewer: Oh well that's right no no maintenance. 027: Uh {NW} they don't have to screw in a light bulb or anything like that but they have to keep it clean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And of course as they get older Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: it just gets more and more of a chore. There are no elevators and they're like four and five #1 stories high. # Interviewer: #2 Yes ma'am. # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # We're talking about the the shopping centers are there any um shopping areas that that are frequented mostly by blacks or that you would consider kind of ethnic shopping areas or? 027: If so I don't know it. I there's a there's black a couple black beer uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: hangouts. And that sort of thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: But if there are black shopping centers I don't know. And um there may be some black um beauty parlors. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: That I don't know about but most of #1 'em # Interviewer: #2 {D: Going back to the shopping area though.} # 027: Uh no. Uh-uh. No shopping center. The A and P uh backs right up to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: One of the better sections of Interviewer: {NW} 027: privately owned homes. Mm-hmm. In in the black section of Alcoa. And uh no our shopping is pretty well integrated. Interviewer: What about uh how about Maryville? Some local landmarks around say if a visitor came in and you were showing the visitor around Maryville and Alcoa what are some some of the things you'd point out? 027: First of all I would take him to Maryville college and show him Anderson Hall because it was built by my great-great grandfather. Interviewer: Mm. 027: {NW} Interviewer: I guess so. 027: He was a contractor and he worked his men on New Years Day and a wall fell and he went broke. #1 But he got it # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 027: he {NW} but that's the oldest building on campus and uh for that reason the second thing I would show them was the courthouse because my grandfather was chairman of the building #1 Committee. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: {NW} And county judge at the time it was built. Interviewer: #1 Well that's an interesting landmark. # 027: #2 {NW} # {NW} My third one would be uh Montvale which is now a Y-M-C-A camp which was one of the Antebellum and on into the thirties Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: uh mountain #1 hotels with colleges and so forth. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 027: And it also belonged to my family. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: Uh those to me would be the chief uh landmarks probably because of family and then I would just take them to the mountains. #1 Not # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: specifically to the national park but to the mountains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: To see the beautiful areas that are all around us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Within five miles you can just be in the heart of the wilderness. Interviewer: Really nice view. Up. 027: Uh you aren't seeing it today we have we see three ranges. Interviewer: Oh really? 027: On a clear day but these are the Smokey Mountains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. 027: And so you're seeing only the Chilhowees. Interviewer: Mm. Mm-hmm. 027: And uh on a clear day we see three ranges. Interviewer: Must be nice. 027: Its lovely. That's why we moved out #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I guess so. Now if you were gonna uh say catch a plane out of here where would you you go to catch the plane? 027: McGhee Tyson. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Which is Knoxville's airport which is in Blount county which is seven minutes from my house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Much closer to you than it is to me. 027: Right. {NW} Interviewer: Uh yeah we say of a smaller one like the you know the Island Home Island? 027: I don't even know where that is. Interviewer: Would you still call that an airport? A little small one like #1 that? # 027: #2 Yeah. # Sure and there's also uh the Sky Ranch. Uh which went broke a couple of times it may not be in operation it was um sort of close to the uh Navy base out there. Interviewer: Mm. And was that 027: The Navy reserve. Interviewer: a private? 027: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Club or? Just an air #1 strip? # 027: #2 It was a little # air strip that was privately owned but publicly used for people with small planes Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 027: #2 and they # also gave flying lessons. Interviewer: Now next group of questions are about kinds of roads and names for things like that uh uh the kind of highway like I-forty or I-seventy-five what would you call that kind of you'd say you you get on the? 027: Interstate. Interviewer: And uh now the areas on the interstate where you might pull over to uh you know just to stop for a few minutes. You? 027: The rest areas. Interviewer: What if about an area oh when you came off that you would where you would stop get uh let's see oh you'd stop and have uh get gasoline and food would you still call that a rest area? 027: No no uh that's usually at an interchange. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. And uh the thing you would go down to get off of it? 027: The ramp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Called the same thing coming up? 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That's a ramp too. And uh the. 027: There's also a vegetable called a ramp. Interviewer: Yeah and they hold a festival on the Ramp Festival. 027: Right. Interviewer: I've never eaten any or seen any. 027: You don't want to #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 No? # 027: {NW} Interviewer: What what is it like? 027: I've never eaten any its like an onion that lasts a week. {NW} After you've eaten it. {NW} Interviewer: How I don't think I want any. I'm not crazy about onions. 027: {NW} Interviewer: The uh the things painted down the road to help you know guide you what would you call the little yellow and white things? Painted down the middle of the #1 {X} # 027: #2 Um. # Hmm. I usually just call 'em center stripes and they aren't center stripes anymore. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: But when I was gr- Interviewer: Center stripes? 027: When I was growing up there weren't any but uh later on by the time I learned to drive they were center stripes and I don't know what they are now. Interviewer: Um now that when you know on like on an interstate we have a big grassy thing in the middle what would you call that? 027: Oh that is um a median. Interviewer: Now you you've seen 'em like if you're going to Chattanooga they have just concrete and steel down the middle instead of uh. 027: Uh yeah I would still call that a median because I don't know what else to call it. Interviewer: Me too. 027: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} They're and you know they're limited ac- you know what it on the interstate its limited access you can only get on and off at certain points. #1 And do you know the # 027: #2 Right. # Interviewer: #1 # 027: #2 # Interviewer: roads like that in this area? That are limited access? Any other kinds of? 027: Uh yes we also have roads which run parallel to the interstate so that you don't have to get on it at all if you're just going Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: a short distance and we have one very interesting little um place where you have egress from the interstate but you do not have access. Interviewer: Hmm. 027: #1 And you have to # Interviewer: #2 What? # 027: drive to the next town to get on it again. Interviewer: That's it {D: expect} w-what road is that? {D: Like that?} 027: It's at White Pine no. I beg your pardon. It's at Dandridge. Interviewer: Now is Dandridge east of Knoxville? 027: I'm not too good on north, south, #1 east, and west # Interviewer: #2 Is is it # 027: but its northeast. Interviewer: Its not in Blount county is it? 027: No. No its in um Jefferson county. Interviewer: Jefferson county. What about uh the uh mm say some of the main the the major roads in in Maryville Alcoa area? 027: Um Main Street, Broadway whatever you wish to call it. Uh and then the old the old uh Knoxville highway. Interviewer: Mm. 027: And the new Knoxville highway which is the #1 Alcoa # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: road. Interviewer: Okay. 027: And uh yes four eleven. Which we call the new Niles Ferry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And you came across it to the old #1 Niles Ferry # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: to come out here. Then the Montvale road which leads you to the uh Chilhowees. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: And closer mountains and uh if its open you really should take that uh scenic road, its closed half the time because there's a very strange form of sandstone which was discovered in the eighteen-hundreds by Professor Hesse and therefore its called Hesse's sandstone. And they built the road on it and if uh every three years the road crumbles away. Interviewer: Which road is this? The? 027: Uh I can show it to you I can't think of the name of it. But it #1 is the. # Interviewer: #2 Where? # Where does it go when it? 027: It um you go to Miller's cove you go up the uh {NW} the road to the mountains Interviewer: {NW} 027: Uh by the hospital Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Tuckaleechee Pike. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And uh go on up and you see a sign that says Miller's Cove and West Miller's Cove and whatever the scenic road is called and then it will either be closed or not. And if its closed it means this is the year its #1 crumbled away. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: I haven't had much chance to get out this year so I don't know but that is some of the most beautiful scenery that you can see #1 around here. # Interviewer: #2 Well I'm gonna have to to # I've never been there I'm gonna have to 027: #1 It is perfectly gorgeous # Interviewer: #2 go in the morning. # 027: and it takes you to Look Rock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: It is supposed to connect up with the Foothills Parkway. That's what its called. And its supposed to connect up and go on Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and connect with the Appalachian Trail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Eventually. And um it takes you to Look Rock which used to be the highest point where the Indians came across. The original road across here into Blount county from the mountains was built by the Indians and they were paid in calico. Interviewer: Hmm. 027: And my mother who died in nineteen and seventy at the age of ninety-one remembered the Indians walking across and coming to Maryville to shop. Interviewer: Hmm. 027: For #1 staples # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 027: And they would come to Grandmother's house because they were cold and they wanted to warm Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and they would say cold as snow and rub themselves and Grandmother would give them food. And they would give her baskets in thanks for the food. Interviewer: Hmm. 027: And my mother still had some of those baskets. Interviewer: #1 Oh? # 027: #2 They got away # from us but uh I think its very interesting #1 to find someone # Interviewer: #2 It is, yeah. # 027: who re- so recently #1 remembered # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: the fact #1 that the Indians # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: actually did walk across the mountains. Interviewer: And this is #1 down in? # 027: #2 This is from Cherokee they came. # Interviewer: And Foothills Parkway that's what. 027: That way. Interviewer: Okay I didn't know whether it was just. 027: Mm-hmm. And uh Look Rock was the uh point where they started the road. Interviewer: Mm. 027: And came down and across. Interviewer: In in from Cherokee over into Blount county? 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Hmm. I I had never come across I was unaware of that. 027: Bit of local history. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about streets in this neighborhood? What are the major streets in the in the neighborhood here? 027: We are one series of circles. There's Southwood Eastwood Northwood and Westwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And you just circle until you find your way in and out. Interviewer: That's the? 027: And then that is. Interviewer: The whole neighborhood? 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now is there a place that you have oh you like there's the highway runs under where a train goes over? 027: Oh an underpass. Interviewer: What about if the situation's the other way around you #1 the train's. # 027: #2 An overpass. # Interviewer: Overpass underpass mm. And uh they kind of parking you do so you won't. {X} 027: I can't do it. {NW} Interviewer: Backing out? 027: {NW} Parallel parking you mean. #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 027: {NW} Its too hard I can do it but it sure is hard work. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: I was never taught. Interviewer: Mm. I was one of the few people I know who didn't have to do that on a driving test. 027: I didn't either. Interviewer: I didn't have to yeah. #1 {X} # 027: #2 The man was afraid # to he wanted me out of the car. {NW} Interviewer: I guess maybe you were both lucky then he thought. 027: {NW} No I I guess I did too because uh {NS} Bill had forgotten his wallet that day for the third time and they just come once a month and {NW} They were getting tired of sending me so he got a friend to take me and so I didn't have an accompanying driver to Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: pick up my car Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and so I did have to parallel park across from the courthouse where the curb curves. Interviewer: Oh. 027: And uh but the {D: the termman} had already gotten out at the corner and said now you're on your own lady until you get in the courthouse so please be careful. {NW} Interviewer: That one I can see. He. {NW} #1 Would would you # 027: #2 But # Interviewer: still call it parallel parking if you just say drove in beside the curb there were no other cars there would you just? 027: I have a friend who does that she only parallel parks if there are three #1 spaces. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # She can drive in? 027: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What do you usually call the other kind of parking any? 027: Uh. Interviewer: Can we just? 027: I think that's called diagonal I'm not certain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And then in parking lots like shopping centers where they're just lined up in a row I've never heard that called anything I don't know. Interviewer: Straight-in parking's what I've always is. 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: As opposed to to diagonal. 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The uh place like Miller's in in Knoxville downtown does where you might park you might go in the uh? 027: In the garage. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh old the the thing that the firemen use it to hook up their hoses to you'd call that the? 027: Uh yes I think that would be called a hydrant. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. And uh. 027: There's one out in the corner of the yard. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Well I guess you. 027: But I never had thought about what it's called before. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. {NW} The uh in town we have a little small street like thing that runs behind buildings or between buildings you'd call that the? 027: Alley. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh now. 027: We have those too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Oh here in? 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What are some of the taller buildings in in Maryville? 027: We have one well we have two tall buildings. Uh the Blount National Bank is five stories high. And now uh I believe Blount Memorial Hospital has perhaps added a sixth story I'm not certain one of the wings may have six. If it does they still call it four but they're two floors where the elevator doesn't stop. Interviewer: Mm. 027: One is surgery and one is storage. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The uh any what what would your name be for just a tall building any generic name? Say very tall ones. 027: Oh skyscrapers. Interviewer: And not any skyscrapers in town though. 027: Nearest ones I know are in Atlanta. Interviewer: Oh. That's true there are not any in Knoxville either. Uh. 027: One out of um {NS} Hamilton Bank which isn't the Hamilton Bank anymore. Its Jake Butcher's Bank. Interviewer: Mm. 027: East Tennessee National I guess its called Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: is or was twenty-two stories. And that was the tallest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: In Knoxville. We have a problem in Knox- well in this whole area. We're an area of limestone caves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And if you get too much weight Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Uh collapse. I've uh had a car that was parked right behind me that had sunken to door level. Interviewer: Really? 027: Uh-huh when I came back to park why this {NW} I couldn't get out because he'd parked very close to me and the the street was the street was cracking #1 because the uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 027: he had parked a small pickup there. Interviewer: Well you know McClung Tower at at at UT is supposed to be sinking. 027: Oh I hadn't heard that. Interviewer: I heard that very slow rate but 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: one especially one side more than the other #1 is is # 027: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: is sinking slightly and they're going to have to do something about that. Uh its about I guess its twelve twelve floors or something. 027: Yeah. And then it has that parking garage under #1 it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm that's right. # 027: There's something I want you to find out for me. Interviewer: Okay. 027: I'm I'm terribly concerned because the Volunteers' torch is no longer lit. Is that a symbolic measure for conservation that they blew it out? Interviewer: Well you know I hadn't I hadn't actually noticed but I I don't see how it would be some kind of con- conservation team because they still have the fountain in McClung tower going don't they? 027: Right. Right across the street. But the Volunteers' torch hasn't been lit for at least a year now and that to me is #1 just. # Interviewer: #2 I've not # I've not #1 I don't know why. # 027: #2 outrageous. # Interviewer: I'll find out why because they do the the fountain at McClung #1 is going most of the time and then # 027: #2 You're right. # Interviewer: with the colored water at night. 027: Yeah. Interviewer: And that would require as much energy. 027: Much more than that little bitty gas switch would be like a Interviewer: {NW} 027: pilot light. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I I I just don't know I oh maybe I don't know what its mechanical? But surely in a year they would have fixed a mechanical. 027: Yeah. That bothers me. The Volunteers' torch should be held on there. Interviewer: I'll ask I'll ask uh around uh. And see. Somebody will know surely. 027: Someone's {D: Mr. Namara} was gonna say but he's no longer with us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh {NW} Oh say an apartment building that's ten or twelve floors what kind of apartment would you building would you call that? Any name for that? 027: I suppose you're supposed to call it a high rise but I wouldn't. {NW} Interviewer: Uh I I'll guess there not really any in the area anyways. 027: No but we're going in more to townhouses and that sort of thing. Interviewer: Are there many of apartment complexes in Maryville? 027: Ju- well yes there are. I'm just not aware of them because there are I was taken out uh and shown two or three that someone was trying to get me to invest some money in and they were so poorly built that I wouldn't Interviewer: Mm. 027: conceivably have been interested. My father was a builder. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: I do.} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: Uh. Interviewer: I guess women learn what their their fathers do my wife's father's a heating and air conditioning contractor and when anybody around has something go wrong with the air conditioning you call Angela and she can uh she knows what's wrong with it and she can tell you what to do. 027: That's fantastic. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 027: I just know what my daddy did but I do know that what what a good building's supposed to look like. And uh you know that sort of thing. But yes there are quite a few apartments. Interviewer: What about the kind that that people where they buy the actual apartment? 027: Oh we have none of those condominiums. None in Maryville that I'm aware of. Interviewer: Uh. Now we're talking about buildings and so forth a place where a building has been torn down and say nothing else has been built what would you call that? Just a? 027: Vacant lot? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh now you know in a public place like Miller's if you wanted some water you'd go to the? 027: Fountain. Interviewer: Would you still call it a fountain say if it were in a park or something like that? 027: If it was for drinking uh and had little spouts for that purpose. Interviewer: Talking about parks are there park and you mentioned the the park in Alcoa are there parks in the area can you tell me something about? 027: Yeah. This park behind the courthouse was the first public park we had and and we used to have little league down there then we have two amusement family amusement parks one of 'em this end of town and one on the other end which uh won architectural awards. Interviewer: Mm. #1 What are the the names of the parks? # 027: #2 a few years ago # for um uh the little mazes #1 for the kids to climb and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: forts in 'em and they have sand piles and most of the little leagues are played games are played there now and they have tennis courts and um they're just really very very nice and they have walking or bicycle paths while my husband was recuperating. Um I don't walk outside without crutches and so I would follow him in the car and he'd take him down to Sandy Springs Park which is not far here and even level. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And um he could walk for a mile along the edge of the creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And uh not have to get off and out of the way of more than four or five bicycles if he chose his time of day that was when school was #1 in session. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # What are the names of those parks? 027: Uh that is Sandy Springs and the other is Everett Hill I believe. And uh then we have a new consolidated county high school which is Heritage High. Which takes um in about five high schools and has a football stadium you wouldn't believe. Interviewer: Oh really? 027: They built it before they built the school. Interviewer: Well. 027: You know we're sort of football-minded around here. {NW} Interviewer: I thought that there were there three high schools in the Everett and Maryville and Heritage is that? 027: Uh Everett will no longer exist as a high school it will be a secondary school. Now they're building a third one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: To be ready in seventy-nine. We have about fifteen small high schools in the county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Because Blount county is a large county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Which is spread out some of those children have to leave home at five in the morning because they have to walk Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: to a road Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: before a bus can pick 'em #1 up. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. The uh people in this area would they go to Maryville high school or? 027: Yes we have now been taken into the city against our protest. Interviewer: Mm. 027: And uh in honor of this we got eighty-nine street lights in this subdivision which we didn't want. And we get weekly garbage service which is I have no complaint about the garbage service except that before we were in the city we had service twice a week and the men wore white gloves and cleaned out the cans and the closet Interviewer: {NW} 027: and uh we paid two-fifty a month for this. {NW} Interviewer: #1 That's unbelievable. # 027: #2 {NW} # Now they come once a week and now as I say I have no complaints some of the neighbors do have {NS} complaints about the men leaving litter but they don't here. Interviewer: The uh the high schools here are they what grades do they? 027: Oh now you've got me. Interviewer: Are they? 027: The high schools now #1 are are ten eleven twelve. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Ten through twelve?} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And then do they have a? 027: A junior high a mid a mid school seven eight and nine. Interviewer: And then elementary one through 027: And uh well then you have a required year of kindergarten and I don't know what that's called. Interviewer: Mm. 027: And the Alcoa has a new elementary school which is supposed to be one of the finest in the south but and its very interesting and its right back to the little red schoolhouse no partitions and you go now to the blue carpet or the red carpet or Interviewer: Hmm. 027: whatever and you can't hear yourself except that they have little booths where they can plug themselves into television and do what they want to. Interviewer: I don't think I've ever seen a school like that before. 027: Its uh just across the duck pond out in Alcoa out Springbrook road. And uh Interviewer: {NW} 027: I'm sh- uh sure that the teachers are there moving and so forth and would be interested in showing you through #1 because # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 027: they're very proud #1 of it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm yeah. # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Never even known that that kind of school existed but then 027: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: its been a long time since I've been in an elementary school. 027: Mm-hmm. Its very very interesting I don't approve of it Interviewer: {NW} 027: Uh we also have team teaching Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm. 027: in the high schools. Interviewer: I don't know much about high school. 027: #1 Well team teaching is a # Interviewer: #2 Its very foreign. # 027: totally new concept and I know about it cause I have a good friend who {NW} has been doing it for several years. Interviewer: It seem to work fairly well or? 027: Yeah. They're very pleased with it. Interviewer: We uh talked about roads and so forth a little while ago. What I wanna ask you about now are different kinds of cars not brand names not Ford or Chevrolet but different types or or styles for example uh oh small cars maybe with two bucket seats and uh uh maybe in the thirties and forties sometimes had outside seats. #1 That what did you call that kind of car? # 027: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 # 027: #2 # That was a see if I can remember the term I was taught. It was a cabriolet something I have forgotten. But anyway we called it a coupe. Interviewer: Coupe? 027: {NW} Interviewer: Would they have the rumble seats on them? 027: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 And # 027: #2 Oh yes # indeed and two little steps to get up. Interviewer: {NW} Yes ma'am. A car which that has uh four doors what kind would you call that? 027: A sedan. Interviewer: What about if it has just two doors and you have to bend over and get in the backseat like that? 027: I don't know that's what I drive. But um Interviewer: Would you call that a sedan too or? 027: Uh no I call it a two door car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: Mainly I call it a Thunderbird #1 cause that's what # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: #1 it is. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Yes ma'am. What about these big ones that maybe the airport might send out that you see? 027: A limousine. Interviewer: Would you ever uh the term limousine for anything besides the kind of thing the airport would send out? 027: Oh yes. I had a uh Lincoln Continental and uh until I drove it into a tree Interviewer: {NW} 027: and it was definitely a limousine. Interviewer: So that's a big luxury car too. 027: It was. It was a four-door I wanted it two door but I got a four-door because uh but it was upholstered in leather as opposed to uh plastic #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 Oh wow. # 027: in in my estimation it is the best car made in America. After that I would put a Rolls-Royce which I wouldn't have because of the maintenance #1 problem. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Mm-hmm. 027: And uh my neighbor had a Rolls-Royce and I had all the fun of riding in it and getting all the pleasure from it and none of the Interviewer: {NW} 027: #1 heartache of # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: waiting six months for a part to #1 come from England. # Interviewer: #2 I guess so. # I guess so. Now the uh any name or kind of slang term for a large or say a very pretentious car one that you thought was kind of pretentious any term you might apply to that? 027: Oh what did I hear? Uh. Just last weekend I think my husband's partner was talking about a joy wagon. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Joy wagon? # 027: {NW} Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 027: That was one his chil- a term his children had used. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 027: #2 I # don't know if that's. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. And the kind that you can let the seats down in the back and give you extra cargo space oh um? And to tailgate you. 027: A station wagon I finally got rid of my husband's. Interviewer: {NW} 027: He got rid of it. Interviewer: He didn't like that very much? 027: I hate 'em. I was like they're just a truck with seats in it and they're not comfortable. Interviewer: I've never owned one or don't know that I've ever ridden in a station wagon. 027: You are fortunate. I assured my husband that he had just joined the young mothers he loved it. He adored it. Because he likes to fish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: #1 And I got him an # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: electric wr- winch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and so he could back the car down and get in the boat and winch it up and then just walk in the back window. Interviewer: {NW} 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: #1 You can see why he liked it. # Interviewer: #2 That makes sense. Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. Yes ma'am. 027: But it was not comfortable t- and strangely enough I couldn't see out of it. Interviewer: Hmm. 027: Because I'm used to looking out certain little spaces and the fact that the whole thing was open #1 never # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: appeared to occurred to me. Interviewer: {NW} 027: And I was always fussing about I couldn't see out of the thing when I had to drive it. Interviewer: {NW} 027: {NW} Interviewer: Yes ma'am. What about you mentioned trucks what kind of small trucks would would in the maybe an individual owns? 027: Pickups. Interviewer: What about the kind with a closed bed that maybe a florist might use for delivery? What would your term be for that? 027: For that I would call it a delivery truck for the type that Thomas the yard man {D: got} uses which many many people around here own because they do a lot of fishing and camping over the weekends. Uh you call it a pickup with a a camper top on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Those delivery types of trucks are most of those are they open the kind that open from the side or from the back? Or would it would it make #1 {X} # 027: #2 Either way. # Interviewer: #1 # 027: #2 # Interviewer: And uh now what about there is there public transportation in Maryville like in Knoxville are there? 027: No. None. Well taxis. Interviewer: But no uh? Uh. 027: No buses. Interviewer: And uh {NS} questions about the part of a car that part of the car where the instruments and all are the speedometer and so forth what would you call that? 027: The instrument panel. Interviewer: And if the uh uh part where you might keep some maps or something it'd be in the? 027: Well in that car I have a glove compartment and I have a console. Interviewer: The console down in the? 027: Between the two front seats. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And it also has the garbage can in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: {NW} Interviewer: Yes ma'am. And uh where the where you would keep your tire would be back in your? 027: Trunk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh the thing you would mash to get it to go would be the? 027: That's the accelerator. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh then the the thing that you would shift to put it in reverse would be uh? 027: {NW} I've never driven one of those but its a gear shift. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call it if its an automatic would you still call it a gear shift? 027: I suppose so. Yeah #1 cause you shift from. # Interviewer: #2 Same thing as if it's down in the # floor? 027: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh uh the things that say in apartment complexes or in the shopping centers the little humps there that you have to slow down for? 027: Traffic breaks. Interviewer: They will mess up your alignment won't they? 027: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 027: I do not like them. But they are necessary. Interviewer: I guess so. You hit those things going very fast and you'll you'll mess up your alignment and your. 027: I had just had my car aligned Interviewer: {NW} 027: and they had put one in down here at the Seven Eleven store and I didn't know it. Interviewer: Mm. 027: And it was about the size of a telephone pole. {NS} #1 How lovely. # Interviewer: #2 That's enough to do some damage. # 027: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 027: Uh-huh. It had to go right back and be aligned again. Interviewer: Say uh if you if you had some maps or something what might you put around them to hold 'em together you might? 027: A rubber band. Interviewer: Any other terms you might use for that? just always rubber band? 027: Mm-hmm. Unless you tied 'em with a string. Interviewer: And what about a a something you might clip papers together with? 027: A jam clip. Interviewer: Any other terms you might use there? 027: A paper clip {NS} Interviewer: Now uh what what kind of vehicles would the say the fire department in Maryville use? What kinds of? 027: We have a nineteen and twenty-eight LaFrance. And we have a nineteen and seventy-six LaFrance. Interviewer: Are these what kind of are these trucks or? 027: Uh they are fire engines. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: And then we have another one. We are well-equipped and then we have a county fire department also. Interviewer: These the trucks are there what k- are they the the kinds with the ladders or the? 027: They have extension ladders. And they are bright red and they will let little boys sit on them. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 027: #2 {NW} # And sometimes they have a dalmatian he doesn't live long but uh they try to keep one around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The uh the truck that the kind of fire truck that oh just uh pumps water what what kinda do you have a name for that kind of fire truck? 027: I suppose its a pumper I didn't know there was such a thing. Interviewer: I think so I don't know much #1 about it myself. # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 027: #2 # Interviewer: What about the kind that that would have a a lot of the ladders and everything extension the long extension ladders any name special name for that kind of truck? 027: Just the aerial ladders. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: A ladder truck I suppose. Interviewer: Ever seen the kind of I've well they probably just {NW} you've probably just seen this on TV I guess or maybe in a large city where its got kind of a crane like and firemen can get up there and? 027: Oh sure a cherrypicker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh well I I oh I guess I'd only seen those on TV. 027: The electric system uses little ones. To change light bulbs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. And the the kind of truck say that paramedics might use can you name for me? 027: {NW} Oh yes. Ambulances. Interviewer: Mm. Then the am- those very ambulances are they van-like for you 027: Yeah. And they are equipped with everything they took my husband to the hospital in one last October. And he was just about gone and they gave him oxygen. They had him in the hospital in ten minutes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: #1 They had # Interviewer: #2 What? # 027: fantastic service. And this was the #1 rescue squad. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. I guess most most towns have started to get those I remember well only in the last eight or ten years. 027: Yeah right. Interviewer: {D: These people.} {D: That looks kind of plain.} The uh car that the chief would drive any special name for? {NS} 027: I suppose its a chief's car I don't know. Interviewer: And what about vehicles that maybe the police department would use kinds different kinds of vehicles? 027: Oh. Interviewer: Say. 027: Now there you've got me there would be number one which would be the chief's car and then there would be patrol cars Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 027: and um {NW} then there's are all the cute little unmarked ones with the radar on them. {NW} And uh then we have one motorcycle policeman in Maryville. Interviewer: Mm. #1 What # 027: #2 And # he gets hot these days. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Well I guess so. # Have you ever seen the kind of truck maybe there were a whole group of people misbehaving doing something wrong and the kind of thing they'd take a whole group down? 027: Oh yes that's the Black Maria. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When I was a kid there was a I was a patrol boy and uh the the big event of the year was we got to ride down to the police station in one #1 of those and it was a big event. # 027: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: We were very pleased about that. {NW} In Knoxville what what kind of aircraft might the police department use to patrol traffic? {D: And lightning?} 027: Oh a helicopter. Interviewer: Yep. 027: {NS} Her she's a medical technologist and she says now she has the works for her airplane and uh she has even gotten her instrument license. Interviewer: Oh really? {X} 027: {NW} Well she flew in the powderpuff derby this year. Interviewer: mm-hmm I guess {X} didn't do anything like that but one day I will. {D: I could uh} 027: I um about four years ago was out in Arizona in a charter Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: plane and had him fly up over the grand canyon. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And we had a fantastic time. Interviewer: I guess so that would've been {D: nice} we you know we {C: cut off} 027: that was the only time I've ever been in a little plane. Interviewer: Well we we flew over the grand canyon we were about thirty thousand feet 027: Yeah now that I had done many times and I {C: tape distorted} because Bill's relatives live in the west and so it's the easiest way to get there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: By far we drove once But um I knew I would never get there on foot or on mule back so I just charted a plane and just pa- 027: #1 And just pa- a- {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: What about the uh} # 027: It was a real thrill. Interviewer: We were talking about policemen. 027: Yes. Interviewer: Firemen and so forth any any other names that you hear for for them or? {D: Take} someone who works at the fire station is probably just a? 027: I would call him a policeman I have heard other terms used but mainly on television. I do hear um my friends in alcoholics anonymous call the patrol car the peanut wagon. Interviewer: mm 027: And I don't know why it has to do with the blue lights on top. That's the only other term I have heard anyone use. {C: background noise} Interviewer: Firefighters you call them? 027: Firemen. Interviewer: And no {C: the tape cuts out} and no other? 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: Any for policemen any pejorative kind of terms? {C: repetitive in reel} and no other? 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: Any for policemen or any pejorative kind of terms or? {NW} anything like that say uh derogatory terms? 027: #1 As I say on television and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm {X} # 027: but not personally Interviewer: And what about the place where they keep the firetruck and all the? 027: #1 Oh the fire hall. # Interviewer: #2 {D: hoses} # 027: It's in the city hall in fact. Interviewer: mm It's placed placed down there too? 027: Yes. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the place where they lock you up {D: if you} for misbehaving or something. 027: Well that place it's the county jail {C: laughing} Interviewer: Yeah um the uh uh 027: It's pretty horrible Interviewer: I guess so. The uh they probably can't put they might lock up a drunk or something. 027: {C: tape repeats} Interviewer: {C: tape repeats} 027: {C: tape repeats} Interviewer: {C: tape repeats} 027: it's a drunk tank. Interviewer: And uh Wha- what kind of weapons uh things for protection might a policeman carry? 027: Um I'm not certain they used to be req- uh required to carry a billy stick and not a gun. I think now they are also required or permitted a gun. {X} a handgun. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh I remember my grandfather was the only policeman in the whole town for years. He carried a old black jack and I'm sure it's probably illegal now but {X} #1 pocket like that # 027: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: I'm sure that's illegal now. I don't think he ever used it but he did carry it. 027: Well that would've been good deterrent. Interviewer: I kinda think so um now A a couple questions about kinds of storms uh. Can you just name a few high high wind storms high wind storms for example you would in Florida you might say? 027: Oh a hurricane. Interviewer: Or out in Kansas you might get hit by a? 027: A dust storm. Interviewer: mm-hmm A one with the big funnel would be a? 027: A tornado and we've had one here. Interviewer: Oh really? I didn't realize they were this quite as far. 027: Oh they don't often come and my husband he was raised in Mississippi looked up and said that looks like a tornado cloud and we were in the car and before we had gone five minutes it had funneled down here. Interviewer: Y- yes that's how we how I grew up just outside of Montgomery Alabama was hit by a a tornado and it leveled the whole section just a tremendous amount of damage and uh and uh so I've always been frightened of 'em. 027: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 those things # What about the kind of storm you might have where you get freezing rain and or rain and then right after it rains it just freezes? 027: Hail Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh what about if it's maybe after after it's quit raining and suddenly the temperature dropping just freezes then Uh makes a lot of ice and things. 027: Hoar frost. Interviewer: mm And uh I never really never seen much snow or ice until I came here I think I'd seen snow twice before I came to Knoxville and saw enough last winter to last me a while. 027: {NW} {NW} Yes. Interviewer: The uh 027: That's the most we've had now we can go for winters and not have any. #1 We can go # Interviewer: #2 It snowed # 027: for winters and not wear our coat. Interviewer: In Alabama it snowed in Montgomery outside Montgomery in nineteen sixty two and then again or well it was nineteen sixty-two and then again in nineteen sixty-four. And that was it up here. 027: {C: laughs} Interviewer: Can't remember the 027: It's not Interviewer: everything 027: as much fun as you think Interviewer: That's true true. Uh next question's about kinds of crime and so forth. A woman who sells herself for for money you call her a? 027: Prostitute. Interviewer: And uh any other names that you might normally use? 027: No not normally. I've heard a few but I can't think of 'em just off hand. Interviewer: #1 What about # 027: #2 {D: oh whore} # Interviewer: What about the building where a group of 'em might work the prostitutes any name for that? 027: A house um a house of ill repute which is going back to victorian times. Interviewer: I guess it really would be in an area where it's leg- illegal obviously to be any {X} I guess {X}. 027: Oh oh there's some but uh They're usually mrs so and so's house. Interviewer: And then the the uh the the manager of a of a group of prostitutes any name for? 027: The madame. Interviewer: And what if what if it's a man rather than a woman who's the manager? 027: I am not certain. I am not certain if a pimp manages one or a group. Interviewer: That's what I heard in Tampa I think. 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: I I think either way as far as I know. Uh and uh say someone who you might find downtown drinking cheap {X} didn't doesn't have a job or anything maybe on Gay street offer cheap wines and so forth what would you call him? 027: Several things but wino is {NW} most acceptable. Interviewer: mm-hmm That was tha- th- that the same thing as a drunk would you? 027: No. A drunk I think of is someone who has a home. Interviewer: {X} 027: And a wino I think of is someone who sleeps under the gay street bridge. Interviewer: Yeah. 027: And they do. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm I've driven down there a few times at night. The first night I was in Knoxville I thought I'd go downtown. 027: {NW} Interviewer: That was where I went uh Now say someone who I mean he's a wino but he doesn't have a job wanders around from place to place any name for him? Or maybe one that catches trains you know {D: lawless}? 027: Oh a hobo. Interviewer: What about if he's not necessarily somebody who'd catch trains and just doesn't have a job? No {X}. 027: A drifter um a bum I really don't know. Interviewer: Any name for the kinds of hotels that would cater to say bums and drifters? That kind of thing. 027: Um No there are cheap hotels by the railroad track usually except there's seldom a railroad track anymore. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: I am sure there is a name and I should've picked it up on television but. Interviewer: Cheap hotels and all that {D: Alright I heard of flop house you heard of flop house}? 027: Oh yeah. Twenty-five cents. Interviewer: And that would be th- like a cheap same thing maybe? 027: Except a little worse I think. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: I think of a cheap hotel as as having a room to yourself it may not have anything in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh 027: A little bed. but a flop house I think of as a place with mattresses or straw ticking or something. Interviewer: And uh now uh {NW} What are the the kinds of illegal drugs that people using now? A few kinds of those that you've probably heard of or? 027: Oh sure uh I'm not up on the current names. of course there's marijuana or pot Interviewer: Okay 027: which is I don't know if it's a drug or not. And cocaine and then I think of and this is strictly from ring crystal angel dust and Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: uh fruit salad that's a few years back when the kids got. Interviewer: Oh fruit salad I don't think I've ever. 027: They got everything in mama's medicine cabinet Interviewer: {NW} 027: mixed it all up and took a little bit of everything took a handful. {X}? Interviewer: I guess it did. And someone who's a got a has a habit a drug habit you'd call him a? 027: Addict. Interviewer: mm And what about someone who's uh selling the drugs illegally or? 027: He's a drug seller. Interviewer: And um is this usually somebody who um doesn't use but just? 027: Now he's too smart to use. Interviewer: I guess so. An- and what about say uh money do you have any slang expressions or other terms you might use for money? 027: No you're looking for bread but #1 it's not a term I would use. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And uh what about the place you might take and sell rings you wanted to just? 027: The pawn shop. Interviewer: And uh now the uh the kinds of wines that a wino might drink any generic name for that kind of thing? No- not brand names. 027: Just cheap cheap cheapest you can get. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about better kinds that you might have for dinner or something what kind of different kinds of brand names for? 027: I prefer white I will say. I like the dry ones. Interviewer: {X} 027: And uh there are an- and the lighter ones uh. I like to cook with the heavier ones and the red ones. Interviewer: And uh what's the you'd say the worst section in town? Think about somebody in gay street something in Knoxville th- where you might have a lot of um old bums and so forth. What would you call that any? 027: We avoid it. {C: says while laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Is there? 027: uh I don't know I was going to say slum but that doesn't really suit the area because that's where people live also. Interviewer: Ever used skid row now? 027: Oh. I've used the term for years but it refers to a certain street in Maryville that's slick when it rains {C: laughing}. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 027: #2 {NW} # Well I used it in that sense teasing the people that live there. Interviewer: mm 027: You're right. Interviewer: So you would {D: use that}? 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: And uh now say a a movie house that shows just X rated films and so forth any name for that kind of movie house? 027: Porno house. Interviewer: Porno house mm-hmm. And uh and you were throwing out garbage the man who comes and picks up your trash any name for what would you call him? He's a? 027: He's the garbage man {NW}. Interviewer: And the one that delivers your mail? 027: Um I'm going to quote the young lad who's the receptionist where I get my hair done because I think it's fantastic. It's the mail person. Interviewer: Ah the mail person. 027: And he just cracks up every time he says good morning mr mail person. And how are you this morning? {NW} Interviewer: I guess so. {D: There's that way}. 027: Normally he would be the mailman. Interviewer: What about the person who is able to gain lots of favors and all at the city hall or he has a he's able to get things done you'd say he has a lot of? 027: pull Interviewer: And uh ever heard of a situation where where someone is maybe on the state or city or county federal but really doesn't have any any responsibilities or job? 027: oh yes Interviewer: What would you call him any special name or? 027: Uh no my husband could give you several but I can't. Interviewer: That's fine. Now the uh places where you might find groceries the the kinds of different kinds of stores a big one like A and P or Krogers you call that a? 027: A supermarket. Interviewer: What about small ones in the neighborhoods that maybe you just will get a loaf of bread or something like that? 027: Well the only thing we have would be the Quickie the seven eleven that sort of thing Interviewer: But you don't- 027: We don't have any family grocery stores anymore. Interviewer: Did you when you were coming up as a? 027: Oh yes. That's where I learned to buy groceries. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm And uh what about the kind of store you might go to uh that specialize in sandwiches you know and uh and uh meats? 027: Uh we're just getting them here they're called delis delicatessens. Interviewer: I I don't think I'd really ever come into contact with those until I came up here. Had never really seen delicatessens. 027: Ha- have you been out to the um oh somebody ta- {D: Aesop's} Table. Interviewer: I don't think so. 027: It is good. Interviewer: Where is that? 027: It's just before you get to the old airport. Interviewer: Where is that I? 027: It's right beyond the new airport. {NW} It's used as a an administrative building. And there's a group of buildings on the right. There's a a Phillips Sunoco station. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And there's a a brick building there and in the front of the building. It's something like the pots and pans or something it's the aluminum company outlet. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: for their wherever. And in the back is {D: Aesop's} Table. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And they have the best french onion soup I have eaten in a long time. Because they put about that much #1 {X} {NW}. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 027: And you go through all the little lines you wait on yourself totally. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And uh they have a s- a limited but very good menu and a south bar. It's popular. Interviewer: I'll stop there sometime. 027: And uh Bill's secretary considers it expensive I don't. But I don't have two teenagers to fill up when I go out. Is probably the reason. Interviewer: Uh-huh {D: Yeah} that's true. 027: {C: laughs} Interviewer: Now you talked {D: with me} {X} talk about things to fry in the kind you plug up fry what you call that? 027: An electric skillet. Interviewer: And what about the these kinds of ovens that say you want a um heat something in a hurry cook something in a hurry what would you call those? 027: {NW} The love of my life microwave. Interviewer: And they really s- save a lot of time. 027: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 027: It has totally revised my I had to learn to cook all over again. Interviewer: Ah. 027: It's wonderful. Interviewer: Uh the uh place you might u- take if you didn't have a washer dryer at home you might go and do your? 027: A laundromat. Interviewer: And then and you might sort your clothes into a {D: lid} you call that a? 027: Hamper. Interviewer: And uh oh you didn't want to sweep you might use a what to clean the {X} you might use a? 027: A vacuum. Interviewer: And uh the bag in there what would you call? Any special name for? 027: Bag. Interviewer: And uh what about {D: if you went to} mop a little thing you might have water in in a plastic thing you call that a? 027: Now you're talking about the bucket? Okay Interviewer: And uh these things you take the trash in? 027: Compactor. Interviewer: And uh oh the thing out in outside you might have to put the trash in the uh? 027: Garbage can. Interviewer: What about these big green ones that the trucks take to the dump? 027: They're Dempster dumpsters made in Knoxville. Interviewer: {C: laughs and stutters} generic name as well as a a brand name {X}. 027: It has it was invented by a good friend of of Bill's father. And he made a mint. Interviewer: {X} 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: And uh the man who is in charge of a funeral you call him a? 027: I call him {X}. You would probably call him the funeral director. Interviewer: Do the people you ever hear the people use the term undertaker or {X}? 027: Yes we used to use that constantly but I think funeral director has taken its place. Interviewer: And uh The vehicle that you would {X} that would take the casket in would be the? 027: The hearse. Interviewer: And then the b- buildings where you {D: for internment would be} where you might? 027: Oh a mausoleum. Interviewer: I don't think I've ever seen one of those. 027: My uncle's in one. Interviewer: The uh any other name for cigarettes any other terms that you ever use them in? 027: Um Good grief I ought to have lots of those my husband's smoked for Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: I don't know how many years. But he hadn't had one since October the third. Interviewer: That is {D: nice}. 027: Uh I'm real proud Because I know he'd smoked since he was sixteen I don't know how much longer. Five packs a day. Interviewer: mm-hmm Alright. 027: Um that's what it leads to see don't do it I- oh- what I keep thinking of is the wrong terms. I'm getting back into marijuana you know. Reefers and things like that. Um Cigarettes are the only thing I can think of at the moment. Interviewer: mm Uh now say you had a room in the house that's designed for maximum sunlight has a lot of windows maybe even a glass roof what would you call that kind of room? Any name for that? 027: We call ours the atrium. Interviewer: mm 027: I think you were looking for a sunroom probably or a florida room. Interviewer: Are they a- are all those the same thing are there differences? 027: Uh w- yes. The sunroom uh came probably in the thirties. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And was the glass just a glass room. And then later they started with the glass roof they they started that and then I got to calling it my florida room which is sort of silly. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: {C: laughs} And in ours we uh went back all the way through architecture to the Greek house. Interviewer: mm 027: Where the atrium was the cool place with the rain water where you came in and cooled yourself and enjoyed the flowers while you rested from the heat. Interviewer: {NW} 027: But we put it in the middle of the house for obvious reasons Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: since we {C: laughs} didn't expect people to really walk through it And we wanted to put flowers orchids in there mainly. Interviewer: Sounds nice. D- do you have any formal or informal relaxation where you might have a T-V and a {X} what would you? You call that a? 027: Most people call it a family room we uh have our T-V sets in the bedrooms. Interviewer: The uh family room tha- do you ever use the term den or does that mean something different or? 027: A den to me is a little room my daddy had at home that was strictly his den and he had a couch and bookshelves and sometimes of transactive business in there and often napped in there and. That is an entirely different thing. Interviewer: And uh now say a room that has uh a toilet or or a sink but not a bathtub or? 027: A lavatory. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh say you had a house and you have one complete bathroom and that you'd say you have one? 027: A bath and a half. W- which is a strange thing to me. Interviewer: Maybe. 027: {C: laughs} Interviewer: Everybody seems to use it though. 027: That's the correct terminology. Interviewer: Wha- what kind of say {D: heated little} would you have in your house now what are? And cooling things and and {X} as girl coming up can you tell me about? 027: Oh yes as a girl coming up we had a furnace. Had a fire built in it each morning and we had steam running through radiators. Interviewer: mm 027: And uh Then Bill and I have been through each system as we've gone along and ri- we are amused with all the uh emphasis on the heat pump right now because we put in a heat pump when we built the house fifteen years ago. And uh it was guaranteed for five years. And it blew up in sixty two months and we called our nephew who is an engineer expecting he would do sympathize with us and he said God what a magnificent job of engineering. {C: laughs} So now we heat in the winter with gas. And we cool in the summer with electricity and the whole thing is outside the house. Interviewer: mm 027: In a closet. And uh Well there's uh the air conditioning sits right outside. Then Bill does his office just the opposite. Interviewer: mm 027: They cool with gas and heat with electricity. Interviewer: mm 027: So we're still trying - there is no perfect system. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 027: That I have to say. Interviewer: mm I guess I would. Looking for houses in Atlanta we were told to get if possible gas and air heat and no gas or air and heat because of the expense of electricity is so expensive. 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: Georgia Power says it's much more expensive than T-B-A. 027: Well uh we're just now heading it the T-B-A rates are coming up because for a thousand years we've had the lowest rates in the country. Interviewer: I think the highest cost we have an all electrical {D: farm} and the highest utility bill we've ever had is a is about thirty dollars thirty-five dollars. T- to me unbelievable but but you probably. 027: That's what we pay monthly for the {C: laughs} electricity to run the motor to have at the swimming pool. Interviewer: Oh really? 027: {C: laughs} And the light switch are on very little. Interviewer: T- to me that's unbelievable that we could we could get by with. 027: That's incredible. Interviewer: I know. And u- that's usually in the spring or fall it's not that much. 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: {D: in fact we were cautioned that} you know fifty to a hundred dollars in Georgia so. 027: yeah Interviewer: I'm really ready for that. They talked about a couple of kinds of architecture kinds of houses. These are unusual kinds of one is very {X} in Alabama uh small rural homes. Usually consist of two rooms one here one there. And in the middle a big open space but the roof would cover it. 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: the roof goes all the way across but it's completely open to the any name for? 027: Is it modern or old? Interviewer: Old. 027: Okay it's a dog trot. Interviewer: Dog trot most people in this area aren't familiar with that term are there any dog trot houses here? 027: The last one in the county was torn down about two years ag- the last one that I know of. About two or three years ago. Interviewer: It's very common in Alabama common kind of 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: [D: more architecture} Was it was it fairly common here at one time or? 027: I haven't the faintest idea because it's before my time. But uh these were friends of ours and they did in later years put glass doors at each end of dog trot they didn't try to heat it. But they at least kept the weather out. Interviewer: mm-hmm Now a house maybe a three or four room house where you can open all these doors and see straight through from one end to the other? 027: A shotgun. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: That's New Orleans. Interviewer: mm-hmm Ever seen the kind of house that has a long entry hall and then a big room or to a you know at a ninety degree angle? {X} that entry hall with a big room like that got a ninety degree angle you ever seen that kind of house? 027: I don't think so is that room the foyer or? The foyer ought to be the hall. Or near the hall Interviewer: This is this is uh in a modest town dwelling that one big room you know just a large single room and then a hallway? 027: I haven't the faintest idea. Interviewer: I don't I don't I don't think {D: you say that kind of thing}. 027: I think mrs Williams is building something like that um. She's building as as old-timey a house as she can and she's having one big room and one bedroom two bedrooms. One of which will be a work room cuz she sews and pots and Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: does everything under the sun and one bath. Interviewer: mm Did you ever see the kind of situation where you have a number of houses together in a whole building? 027: Oh Baltimore roadhouses. Interviewer: Not any in this area? I don't believe I've ever seen them either? 027: Th- I don't think it would well yes um some of the commercial buildings have common walls. I was gonna say i- but the same person owns all the ground. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: When they do and I believe in Baltimore you own both the ground and the house Although you have the common law. Interviewer: You don't have the law I guess. 027: {C: laughs} Interviewer: mm-kay The uh uh I guess it's New York City something like this people own apartments the cover the whole floor but 027: Yeah. Interviewer: Any name for that? 027: Um Interviewer: {NW} 027: that's a little too elegant for me I {NW} I haven't the faintest idea Wm, would that be a flat? Interviewer: mm-hmm That's what I I heard {D: I read} but I ain't never seen one in my life including {X}. 027: I have and it wasn't elegant at all. It was under the subway in Chicago. Interviewer: Oh. 027: I worked at a camp and I went home with one of my little boys. Interviewer: mm 027: Uh to visit him his father fed the animals at the zoo. Interviewer: mm 027: And his mother was out doing housework. Interviewer: mm 027: And you could've eaten off the floor. Interviewer: mm 027: But they had a flat and it was Interviewer: {X} 027: the whole floor Interviewer: mm 027: in that section. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: They had I would say two or three bedrooms a kitchen and a living room. Interviewer: Except for Atlanta I really had never been in a a large city. 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: Other than Birmingham I guess is the next thing next biggest. 027: Yeah Interviewer: But I really and I've never seen anything like th- row houses or or flats. Although shotgun houses are very common in Alabama. dog trots all over the place especially though in out in the country. There's tons of those. 027: Well they still have the wooden shutters instead of u- instead of windows. Interviewer: Most people now they don't put in windows and so forth but I have been the house that my grandmother grew up in still stands it was built in eighteen about eighteen sixty five sixty-six right after the war between the states. 027: uh-huh Interviewer: And it still had some wooden sh- shutters. It still in pretty good shape it was built out of logs. 027: Yeah Interviewer: {X} 027: The first o- and only one of those I've ever seen although they were very common here was in Alabama. Interviewer: The uh if you go to Montgomery you will {D: get the opportunity to} say please can I take two #1 {X} # 027: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Right outside of Wetumka just north of Wetumka There's a two story dog trot believe it or not sure is. 027: well how did the dogs get upstairs Interviewer: #1 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 It was completely open # with two stories. But it's a big big two story house roof built over straight through. It's a very nice home. It really is just a beautiful home. 027: Wouldn't that be a lovely way to commit suicide? Interviewer: I guess so. 027: {C: laughs} In your sleep maybe. Interviewer: But it's a a big I've never seen any other two story dog trot. 027: Well i- that may be the only one. Interviewer: But 027: They didn't know how to build a house Interviewer: Still in good shape. The uh uh man who's in {X} charge of the upkeep of apartment building you'd call him the? 027: Hmm you could call him the manager or the custodian depending on what type of upkeep he's in charge of. Interviewer: Say if he did more menial tasks what would you call him? 027: Custodian. Interviewer: mm That tha- that's the same as a janitor? 027: Yes that's a pretty term for janitor. Interviewer: And uh 027: And if he were a lady you would be the housekeeper. Interviewer: We talked about kinds of houses and so forth any unique kinds of architecture in this area a- a modest or modest homes? Uh like a shotgun house or something like that a dog trot anything that's unique maybe {X}? 027: Uh the bungalow. Interviewer: What now what is that like? 027: That was built right after world war one. Interviewer: {X} 027: So that all the soldiers coming back could have houses. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And my father and his brothers built a whole town of them it's called bungalow town. And you can drive through bungalow town and see them. Although many of them e- expanded and but they had a front porch and a living room and kitchen off the living room and a bedroom in front of the kitchen and then a couple of bedrooms Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: in the back and a back porch. And they had a garden space. And they grandmothers and grandfathers but they lived in town. Interviewer: {NW} Yes ma'am. 027: But they had a farm. They lived on Houston street which was by a Presbyterian church if you uh. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Uh the house was torn down a couple of years ago it was typical victorian. And their farm extended on well the bypass through the bypass and on back. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And they had a colored family that ran lived back there and ran the farm. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Except for four cows and grandfather had a barn and four cows. Because he had four sons and that way he knew where his boys were at dawn and at dusk. Interviewer: {C: laughs} I guess so being {X} 027: {C: laughs} And each one was in charge of his cow and selling the milk. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: {C: laughs} Interviewer: What kind of a yard put if you do to say keep up a lawn can you tell me about the name of doing things you might? 027: Oh yes. We'd use a lawn mower. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Just a plain old power mower. Interviewer: Gasoline? 027: Gasoline. Because my husband does not believe in riding mowers because they make ridges. Interviewer: mm 027: And these lots out here are an acre and we have two lots. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And our yard man is getting a little complainy about that lawn mower. Interviewer: mm 027: And uh then you have a rake. Interviewer: Different kinds of rakes? 027: Oh yes you have a leaf rake Interviewer: {C: coughs} 027: and you have a a deeper rake to rake uh gravel. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Saw. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And you use hose Both H-O-S-E and H-O-E-S. And you use picks and mattocks. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And I'll just be glad to go out and name the whole category for you. Interviewer: What about do you have a garden something like how you garden with? 027: Oh we got rid of that {NS} That's a rototiller. Interviewer: And uh what about uh what would you wanna trim hedges and so forth what might you? 027: Hedge shears. Interviewer: What kind of say that for cutting down trees what might you? 027: We would use a saw and you may get both of those in electric. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And you can also get electric grass clippers Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: which are fantastic. Interviewer: {D: I don't have them} the only kind I've ever used {X}. 027: uh-huh Interviewer: {X} 027: but you Interviewer: {X} 027: You can plug 'em in and my sister and I were so stupid we take them to the cemetery to to trim around the stone. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And we took the cords with us and we're dragging the cords all over the place. And one of them came out and then we realized {C: laughs} no they didn't {C: laughing} need to be dragging those cords around. Interviewer: The uh what about hand tools you might use for uh a whole flower bed or something? 027: Oh in the atrium I use just uh a little trowel and a fork and clippers a knife. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a big {X} you might use out in the garden what would you call that? 027: That's a fork. Interviewer: mm-hmm {D: Then we got} next questions have to do with cuts of meat and so forth what can you? 027: #1 {C: exclaims in disgust} # Interviewer: #2 What can you? # {C: laughs} Name a few cuts of a beef what would you might commonly use? 027: There are only two cuts of beef. The fillet and the loin tip roast Sorry. {NW} Interviewer: {D: on a} {X} 027: Uh there is also hamburger which I feed to cats. And uh there are sirloins and there are T bones which make very good beef stroganoff. But we that's about all we eat. Interviewer: What about uh cuts of pork any kind of cuts of pork that you might? 027: My husband would eat ham 'til it comes out his ears I don't like it. Um and I I like bacon. {NW} Interviewer: And would hams- talking about things that are cured or? 027: U- yeah he likes country ham Now Smithfield I could eat. A whole Smithfield. But Tennessee country ham I cannot abide. Now a cure ninety one a Hormel or whatever it is I love. But uh we differ greatly on those. Interviewer: What about is there a heavy fresh cut fresh? 027: We don't eat fresh pork. Uh we've been fighting cholesterol for at least thirty years. And really until the microwave we'd stopped eating bacon. But it takes every bit of the oil out of the bacon. Interviewer: Oh I didn't realize that. 027: {NW} Interviewer: And I've never used a microwave but my wife 027: Aw get her one. She'll go crazy. Interviewer: What about cuts of lamb? You uh ever used? 027: I do not like lamb a leg of lamb would be a young young spring lamb. Interviewer: mm And what about different kinds of of chickens that you might buy at the grocery store like? 027: Uh we prefer broilers or parts. Interviewer: now with the broiler what What is {X} is that? Can you explain? 027: That is the youngest that they sell Interviewer: {D: interesting} 027: and you can string them on the rotisserie. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And they are fantastic. Or you can broil 'em. Interviewer: What are the old ones called? 027: Hens. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm and uh 027: There are also capons. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what are those? 027: They are so old they have to be boiled. {C: laughs} Interviewer: {X} 027: Yes they're tough. Interviewer: Now you uh you mentioned you mentioned {X} what about the kinds of things that you have in casings that you might have to {X}? 027: Oh link sausages we prefer uh Bill likes link sausage we'll eat link sausage. I prefer patties. Interviewer: mm-hmm I like to keep 027: But we don't there again the cholesterol problem we just don't eat sausage. Interviewer: mm and What about the the kind of meat that you might {D: put in} a hot dog? 027: I could eat it all day. I have no idea what's in it. Everything bad about pork. Interviewer: What would you call that {X} that go to the store and buy some? You really like hot dogs you go to the store and buy some? 027: I buy hot dogs {NW} U- no they're frankfurters. Interviewer: I- I've noticed tha- that most people here call 'em ca- call meat itself hot dogs? 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: I've never really heard that or noticed that until I started 027: uh-huh Interviewer: interviews but {X} hearing these hot dogs for for the meat. 027: uh-huh um we Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Our hot dog. Interviewer: What about the kind of sandwich where you have {X} two or three four different kinds of meat and cheeses and so forth? 027: Club. Interviewer: And uh what the thing that you drinking over there what you might have to drink with a? 027: Coke. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is that a do you would you use that for a pepsi {D: flavor or or beverages}? 027: I would not drink a pepsi. Interviewer: That's two of us. 027: {NW} Interviewer: Can't stand it {D: now}. 027: It was the funniest thing when we were in Europe. {C: laughing} Bill and I would order a coke. {C: laughing} They would have a sign we serve coca cola and they would serve me a pepsi. Interviewer: Aw. 027: Uh in a glass and I would say this is a pepsi. And they would say so what {X} there is no difference. {C: high pitch} And I would say oh yes there is and finally we found this beautiful bar. {D: closest} place you've ever seen. It was right next to the American Embassy in the uh this was in Rome. And they served real cokes. {NW} People would go in {C: laughing} and sit down on the velvet banquet {NW} And I would order a coke and then Bill would run across {X} the street to see what the exchange was that day at the bank and he would say sen- send her another one before I get back because she'll be ready for it. I think I drank them out of cokes {C: laughing}. Interviewer: I guess so. W- would you use the term coke for just any soft drink or? 027: No. Only for coca cola. Interviewer: What would you use the general generic term for? 027: Soft drinks. Interviewer: Soft drinks. 027: Or pop. soda Interviewer: What about uh something you know that you might have in a can a little alcoholic you might drink? Might also have a? 027: I wouldn't beer. Interviewer: And uh 027: I usually try to have some around for my nephews. Interviewer: And uh the kinds of things you might buy at a bakery can you name a few of those? 027: Um this is a little hard for me because I don't do my own shopping. Uh and so I haven't been in a bakery for years but I'll tell you one thing that you will not find in a bakery and that is lady fingers. Interviewer: mm-hmm and what are they I'm not sure I know what? 027: They don't know what they are. and they are what you make all the luscious desserts out of the charlottes and all those things they are the lovely light and they're shaped like a finger I can make 'em. I just don't have any pans. I'm gonna start making 'em. and just squeezing 'em out on paper. But the bakers have forgotten how to make them. But you get cakes and you get breads. And I know my mother was on uh salt free bread and they had certain days you get salt free bread. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And um as far as I'm concerned it's all junk. Interviewer: What about the kinds of uh oh sweet things you might get uh somebody was icing something? 027: Oh sweet rolls and cakes and cupcakes and. Interviewer: The uh the stuff on top of the sweet roll now you might call that? 027: A glaze. Interviewer: And uh what about a a donut that has a glaze or any special name for that kind of donut? 027: Uh many many many names a sugar donut jelly donut chocolate donut an iced donut. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm Ever seen the long rectangular donuts? 027: mm-mm Interviewer: Do you know the names for those? {C: laughs} 027: No names for those but I'd go for 'em {NW} Interviewer: What about the kind of long twisted? 027: Oh um not cream puffs. They're related to cream puffs but I don't know what the u- they have a filling in them. I don't know what they are. Interviewer: U- hang on coffee cakes what kind of cakes are those? 027: Those are a cake which is related to bread except that it has a little more sugar and vanilla and usually has a very delightful topping on top. I have a beautiful recipe {NW} if you want to send your wife something good. Interviewer: What is what is it? 027: Sour cream coffee cake. Interviewer: yeah my wife uh was a home ec major she never she does a lot of cooking and things like that she uh 027: I love to cook. Interviewer: The uh next question's about kinds of clothes some of the {X}. The uh when a woman is washing the dishes she might remove her uh? 027: Rings. Interviewer: An- any special name for the very large {X} rings? Just {D: uh like a pretentious rings} or ostentatious anything for? 027: You mean like mine? {C: laughing} Interviewer: Oh. 027: {C: laughs} No. Interviewer: mm 027: Just Interviewer: Just a ring? 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about now you hear about different styles of shorts that men really might wear in uh say something about their knees or the real short ones or what do you? 027: Uh bermudas and cutoffs. Interviewer: Bermudas are the ones that kinda long? 027: Right. I walk in shorts. or lederhosen Interviewer: Never heard that. 027: German. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: But usually leather Have a little Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: {NS} and they're fantastic. Interviewer: What about the kind that are real short that women sometimes wear any special name for those? 027: Not unless you're gonna get into bikinis just short shorts. Interviewer: Short shorts. 027: And um the kids all seem to be wearing cutoffs this summer. Interviewer: Alright did you I guess maybe fifteen or twenty years ago women wore some that came kind of {X} that came slacks about halfway down? 027: Oh culottes Interviewer: mm-hmm mm Now did you ever wear pedal pushers or anything around here or? 027: Yeah. Interviewer: What were they like were they? 027: culottes uh narrower Interviewer: Yes. 027: More like pants culottes are more like a skirt. Interviewer: Oh okay. And the clothes that were previously owned by somebody else you'd call them? 027: Hand me overs or left overs or hand me downs. Interviewer: Where if you had bought them maybe at a second hand clothing store still call them you'd call them hand me downs or? Were they {X}? 027: I think they'd be second hand. Interviewer: mm-hmm You ever heard any slang terms for very fashionable or good looking clothes? 027: You mean like sharp or cool or? Interviewer: Anything like that or? 027: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh tell me about the bag that you might store old winter clothes in in the summer. What would you call that kind of? 027: A storage bag. Interviewer: Storage bag {D: and uh} What about the kind you might use to take on a trip and you wanna take some hanging clothes in it? 027: Hanging bag. Interviewer: mm And what about the kind the plastic bags you pick your clothes up in cleaners? 027: That's a plastic #1 bag that's what I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: keep my clothes in. Interviewer: Can you tell me about the different styles of shoes that men and women might wear that you {X}? 027: Oh you're gonna love this first one. Moccasin. Interviewer: mm 027: Sandals oxfords dress shoes clogs uh sneakers um. I don't know oh earth shoes and wedges wedges wedges. Interviewer: Wedges those are the earth shoes the ones with are higher in the front than the back? Th- a- the wedges what are they they thick heel? 027: The heel comes all the way across here. Interviewer: mm {D: okay} 027: Oh and an- mules Interviewer: What are {X}? 027: Mules or I don't know what they call them this year but a lot of the wedges don't have any heel. Interviewer: mm 027: Nothing back here at all j- just the toe slips in. They're awfully good for breaking ankles. Interviewer: I guess so. Uh what about different kinds of hair styles {D: what are they what are a few few of those}? 027: Well should we try the afro? Interviewer: Yeah I guess so. 027: {C: laughs} Interviewer: That's the only one I can think of. {C: 027 laughs while he says this} 027: Actually I think most of them are individual at least that's what my hairdresser does. Just um I really don't pay any attention to. Interviewer: Makes two of us. 027: what he's doing because he does what he thinks is best and he knows how I live and what I'm going to do to it so. Interviewer: Takes care of it for you. 027: mm Interviewer: We were talking about schools and all while ago. A person who's good and keeps his nose is in a book all the time and so forth what would you call him? 027: Oh he's a bookworm. Interviewer: mm Maybe there was a child someone who was always trying all the time trying to get the teacher's attention and praise and always trying to uh trying to say {D: to her} wha- what would you call that kind of person? 027: Well strangely enough I always called him dumb and he always ended up getting all the A s. You know the one that asks all th- the dumb questions that were perfectly obvious to anyone who had read the lesson. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And yet he always got the A s. I never understood that. But I never got dumb enough to do it {C: laughing}. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. And a a brown nose what would that be used ever used that term the uh term brown nose or? 027: {NW} {D: sloopy} {C: laughing} Interviewer: Yes ma'am. What about apple polisher did you ever? 027: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Yeah? What would that be? 027: Someone who always {D: cozies} up to the teacher. Interviewer: {D: Right} and uh Now a a boy or a man with womanish kind of womanish ways what might you call him? 027: I would be afraid to get into that should we say effeminate? Interviewer: {X} 027: {NW} Interviewer: And now a uh a a girl or woman with mannish ways what about? 027: Masculine. Interviewer: And uh uh {D: say they're quite a bit} unattractive man or a boy any any special terms for him? 027: Uh just ugly. Interviewer: What about a woman or girl? Any special term then? 027: I heard a wonderful one. My nephew used he said she'd been beaten by the ugly stick. Interviewer: {C: laughs} That's awful. 027: {NW} I thought that wasn't bad {C: laughing} Interviewer: {X} 027: That was the nth degree I hadn't heard that one before. Interviewer: Yes ma'am what about a very attractive man or boy any any special term for him or? 027: I can't whistle very well. Interviewer: Oh. 027: {NW} Interviewer: What about a woman or a girl {X} any special term for her? 027: Lovely or beautiful. Interviewer: Uh we talked of mm talked about schools and all the where you would go to wash your hands and go to the restroom and so forth in in the school. What would you call that? 027: The restroom. Interviewer: Restroom. And what about the place where you play basketball or? 027: The gym. Interviewer: Was that usually just a basketball arena or was that? 027: Back in my day uh it was basketball and swimming and that was it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: They've uh somewhat expanded since then and then have rather elaborate plans for. They even have handball courts up here at Maryville college. Interviewer: Oh yeah. And the- the kind of {D: lawn} nets that you might have around a school playground you might {X} it? 027: #1 Like I've got around the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: swimming pool? {X} uh {X} chain fence isn't it what it's called? Interviewer: uh-huh And uh 027: With three rows of barbed wire {NW}. Interviewer: I guess that would get the kids somewhat out. 027: It's gonna get electrified if they don't watch out. Interviewer: mm-hmm Oh you've had problems? 027: Uh just twice once we found an alligator in the pool. Interviewer: {C: whistles} 027: He was dead which was pretty cruel he was just a little one. And of course they put him in that chlorine and it killed him. And uh then once some kids ran they uh just drove a car up to the gate and knocked it down and I'm sure had a nice swim. And then left both showers running full tilt. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And we had to replace that and uh. I do not think an electric uh fence would be cruel. There are people who think that it would be similar to sitting out there with a shotgun but I don't. Interviewer: especially if there was a sign or something around? 027: Caution electric fence. Interviewer: That would apply to uh anyone who can read but no other. 027: {C: laughs} Right well that would just be the uh barbed wire. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Which is eight feet up. Interviewer: uh-huh 027: But I think that's the only solution because I we put it down in the far backyard because I didn't want it where I had to look at it all winter sitting there empty eyed I don't think they're very pretty. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: But I do like 'em in the summer. Interviewer: I promised my wife if when we get a house is one thing I'd do is get her little a little pool she likes that. {NW} 027: It's the best exercise in the world. Interviewer: Well she always just sit out there in the sun {X} 027: true I do twenty laps a day that's the only exercise I get. Interviewer: twenty laps that would be 027: Nah I just got ten in yesterday cuz I was {D: freaked} out I had to Interviewer: mm 027: gauge it but usually I get twenty in. Interviewer: The next set of questions have to do with slang terms for There's ethnic groups uh which you may not have have heard of at all. I'll just go through them the uh orientals. 027: Chinks and now these are old old ones. Uh I've heard no new ones at all. Interviewer: Chinks does that refer to any specific? 027: Chinese. Interviewer: {X} 027: When they came over to build the railroad I suppose. Came from my father who uh was out in Colorado for a period when he was younger and. Interviewer: Any others you? 027: We've never had any here. We did have a Chinese laundry man in Knoxville. who did beautiful work but we called him the Chinese laundry man. Interviewer: {NW} Uh now 027: I cook Chinese cooking. Interviewer: Oh. 027: I called her mrs Ching. Interviewer: {NW} Ching 027: Her husband is a professor of history at U-T. Interviewer: Oh I- I'm familiar with the name. 027: uh-huh Lovely people. Interviewer: {X} 027: I don't like the cooking I don't like the food. Interviewer: {C: laughs} I we were in Hawaii last summer I had so much Chinese food that just really wouldn't don't want to see it for a while. Say Roman Catholics ever heard of slang term for Roman Catholics or? 027: Uh no we've never had um we have now have had for about twenty years a church here in Maryville. But uh we just call 'em Catholics. Interviewer: Uh did any Protestant groups ever heard of any slang terms for them? {NW} 027: Um Not really we uh except the holy rollers. Interviewer: Now Jewish people any slang terms for them? 027: We've never had a Jewish we've had one Jewish family in Maryville. And they went broke. Interviewer: Oh really. 027: {X} {C: static then fades out} 027: Not disturb us. Interviewer: {D: I've been} {X} Just far too many cokes a lot more than I should. {X} working alright. {D: I forgot} {X} {D: do you have any sort of a} {X} 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Round the first of June I spent six weeks uh driving {D: the states}. {X} And I had no one around {D: using a car}. And I had to drink uh just coke cola {D: mixed} {X} So I picked up a bad habit I {D: guess}. 027: It's not a bad habit let me show ya. And do you have a Playmate? Um a cooler Interviewer: uh-huh 027: This is the most fantastic thing to carry in your car {NS} Interviewer: I was stopping certainly at every service station I came to that is nice. 027: I-it comes in a larger size #1 a smaller size would be a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 027: You get about eight cups in there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Cold ones. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Out of a machine. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: Sprinkle a little ice on it {NS} #1 And it goes for hours # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: I used to take down to the pool when I had {X} in there Interviewer: Yes ma'am 027: And I oh- it's a J-C Penny product. They were on sale for fourth of July. Seven dollars and eleven cents. Interviewer: Oh {D: I} just stopped at every service station I came to. 027: {C: laughs} You probably don't like ice {X}. #1 {D: on the way getting it to you} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh I'll go through the rest of the list of groups and you can tell me {D: if you know any one} uh. Germans any terms you ever heard for {X}? 027: No and I wouldn't have cuz I'm German. Interviewer: That's alright.D My mother's people are German too the [D: Teils}. 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: and two {D: Teil} brothers who settled in Lowndes county Alabama. I wanna say in the early part of the nineteenth century and so on. Uh {D: I didn't uh} we all that's where the dark hair and dark eyes come from believe it or not {X} believe it or not all dark and {X} dark hair and eyes. 027: There's my grandfather whom I'm supposed to resemble exactly. {NW} I never saw him. He was uh educated to be a teacher. Interviewer: mm 027: But came here to escape military service and when he was twenty-one. {NS} And um. Interviewer: So your grandfather was from Europe? 027: So was my grandmother. Interviewer: Oh. 027: {NW} Uh-huh and I don't know people say why don't you have those {X}. {NW} But I don't know what color they were. Interviewer: mm 027: {C: laughs} Because I never saw grandfather and grandmother was an old lady when I knew her and her hair was white and her eyes were blue. An- but my father had a picture of her with very dark hair and so I don't know. Interviewer: The uh my- I- I resemble my grandfather very much too in fact I had a great aunt that I never met lived in Tuscaloosa And I was walking one day down the street. She was out raking and she must have been in her eighties. 027: yeah Interviewer: {X} picked it up and handed it to her. Didn't know at the time this was my great aunt. So I just started talking to her she said you look very familiar to me I said finally I told her {X} She said that she had people down there too well I did too and we got to talking. Pretty soon though she said well you know you look just like my {X} grandson. 027: #1 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # So it was the resemblance was was that much and 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 my # sister and I {D: look}. And the longer I look we j- just almost exactly alike. {X} Uh it's just amazing the the resemblance {X} #1 {X} # 027: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 What about # 027: #2 {D: that's real interest-} # Interviewer: ever heard any name for the Dutch? 027: {X} {NW} But uh we had two German families here and um. {NW} The uh the Reeders now I did hear them call Dutch Reeder. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: A woman and a man was always called Dutch Reeder. And I have no idea why. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm That was kind of {D: a good name}. 027: Uh-huh yeah his name was Herman. {NS} He was a baker. I have no idea Grandfather was educated for a teacher and so he was the cabinet maker. Interviewer: mm 027: And so he was By virtue of being the cabinet maker he was the uh undertaker. Because cabinet maker made the uh caskets. So my father's spent his uh rainy Saturdays laying caskets. Interviewer: Oh. 027: And uh none of the boys was interested in the undertaking business. And so they uh sold it when grandfather could no longer carry on and that is {X} that you see down on Broadway today. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: {C: laughs} {X} That's our undertaker. But that's just real funny yes. Interviewer: My my grand- I- I guess {D: they were all} my grandfather's people were farmers until until my grand- grandfather moved to Montgomery a little outside Montgomery in the late twenties. He was th- the only policeman for the {D: big ol''} town called {C: name of a town}. {D: the} police force for I guess thirty years. Uh the only law enforcement in. 027: mm-hmm Things in two. Interviewer: {D: He} should have. 027: I think Montgomery is a beautiful town though. Interviewer: Oh I {D: think it} it was a nice place to grow up in of course. There's just not very many of us is changing too and. 027: There used to be a white house on a corner right on the main street that had a lot of vine lace too much really. And they had glassed in a whole lot it had been porches. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: They had gla- it was a three story house I used to always look for that when we went through because I loved that house. Interviewer: They started restoring a number of the old homes both the Victorian and the antebellum. 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: Cuz they're and uh there's a lot a lot to do I guess they. The only bad thing about it now is the crime rate. It's gotten so bad but but I guess that mostly {X} so. 027: {X} I got scared to death {X} with Bill the other day I went in the dressing room and I turned around and our yardman was right behind me and. If I hadn't recognized Thomas who's been with us for twenty years it would've scared the wits out of me. But he just wanted to ask how Bill was. Bill was in the hospital. And he didn't realize he was doing anything wrong so I couldn't say anything to him about it but I just don't go swimming with Thomas {X}. Interviewer: {NS} Uh any slang name terms you ever heard for say Italians? 027: {C: pronounced like aitai} but I probably heard that over the T-V. Interviewer: What about you ever heard dago or anything like that? 027: Yeah mm-hmm when I was growing up. But then again um I probably heard that from one of my sister's boyfriends when she was in college. Because we just never had any. Interviewer: uh-huh 027: Uh this was a Scotch-Irish Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: settlement. Pardon me with the exception of the two German families. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: {C: laughs} what they said about us I don't know. #1 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What about uh for for Poles? Any names for the poles o- or Russians? 027: Yes Ruskies. that- but that was during World War Two. Interviewer: Uh Czechs? Lithuanians? {X} 027: No I have something from Lithuanian but I was trying to think what it was. Interviewer: Uh any slang terms you ever heard for Englishmen? 027: Oh yes my husband lived in England for two years. They are Limeys. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about Irishmen any slang terms you might've heard for them? 027: I'm sure my mother had some but I did not know what they were. Interviewer: What about Scotsmen? 027: No. Interviewer: Uh French? 027: Yeah. That again comes from Bill. Frogs. Interviewer: mm What about uh the uh Cajuns? Got any kinda any names for them? 027: No just Cajuns I found out about the Cajuns by fishing down there for about five summers down off the {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm There are some in south Alabama I think. 027: Oh really? Interviewer: uh in fact around {C: name of a county} and Mobile counties. There at the gulf Bayou La Batre places like that. 027: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh 027: Well the first time I ever heard of a Cajun he came up to the door and started talking to me. Interviewer: {NS} 027: {C: laughs} I was totally lost. Interviewer: We have a number of tapes from that area {D: very difficult to} transcribe and. 027: You can understand them after you know them and have been around them for a while. Interviewer: {NS} 027: But it really takes some hard work. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: But they're fascinating people. Interviewer: Yeah. 027: They really are. Interviewer: Any names for Greek? 027: Gods {NW} Interviewer: Cubans? 027: Strangely enough no. Interviewer: Uh Puerto Ricans? Uh Mexicans or? 027: Mexicans are wetbacks. Interviewer: Those are the ones that come across? What about those who grew up were born in Me- Mexico? Parents who say {D: who} moved to the United States {D: particularly the United States}. 027: That I have no- no terminology. Interviewer: Scandinavians? 027: No. Interviewer: Uh Canadians? 027: No when I think of a Scandinavian person I usually think of a person who's blond and beautiful but other than that um. Interviewer: I- I'm sure that there are some people {X}. 027: {C: laughs} Well deli meat fits right in. Interviewer: What about Democrats or Republicans ever heard any slang terms for them? 027: Oh good heavens. My father was a Democrat and my mother was a Republican. {C: laughs} Interviewer: #1 I guess they got in a squabble or two. # 027: #2 {C: laughs} # {C: laughs} Oh that's why I'm an independent. {NS} Interviewer: Ever know any slang terms that {X} {D: far end}? 027: Oh yes Bill is a has been until he's been ill a very active Republican. So I can just anything you say I can say yes I've heard that one. {NS} Interviewer: I don't think I've ever heard any {X} as far as I know. 027: Oh yes um. With every campaign they come up. The special slang terms. I was trying to think and you were talking about Roman Catholicism probably the most I ever heard of that Catholicism when I was growing up was when Al Smith Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: was running for president and I was in the second or third grade. Interviewer: mm 027: And uh the term then for Democrats was Catholic lovers. Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 027: And um And then {C: name of a politician} um {X} the Republicans were all {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And uh in between campaigns they're just Democrats and #1 Republicans. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # uh Now if someone who maybe especially a few years ago would have a man may have real long hair beard wear beads and that kinda thing? 027: Hippie. Interviewer: mm-hmm And {X} do you know about the style of dress or was it {X} or? 027: #1 Style {D: white}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: A total style of life. Interviewer: Tell me what {X} kind of lifestyle social? 027: No it was uh lifestyle and incidentally I was in the park in San Francisco the day they had their rally. Interviewer: Oh really? 027: mm-hmm And one of them took a picture of me {D: look at} the square. {C: laughs} Interviewer: I was only in San Francisco in the airport for a couple hours one day um. 027: Just give me a day in San Francisco anytime. Interviewer: Uh now say someone who uh they were in the same section {D: that you very early} grew up with very close to did everything around out together {X}. 027: Best friend. Interviewer: mm And uh say you're someone who's kind of a surrogate parent any name for somebody who becomes surrogate parent? 027: Yeah aunt so and so. Interviewer: Okay. And uh {X} same thing. uh When you were coming up as a girl did you have a group of kids that you hung around with or played with {X}? 027: Um not really because I was um {NS} usually sick. I was run over by a car when I was very small and I was um quite often in the hospital having surgery and this that and the other and I had my group. But I wasn't with them as much. But they were they were a very loyal group and we are still the group Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: that those of us who are left in town. Interviewer: And di- did y'all have a name for yourselves what kind of would you call yourselves anything? 027: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # or a gang? 027: The rest of 'em did but I wasn't with them enough. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: They called themselves six links because there were six of 'em I think. #1 And I would make seven yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: But we all ran around with the same boys and um. I think the best summer I ever ha- I went to camp then every summer. So when they were doing the summer things I wasn't here because heat affects me and we didn't have air conditioning in those days. And I went to camp in June and came back at the end of August and um if I wasn't having surgery. And my patient number at Warm Springs is two forty-eight. I was a patient of doctor {X} who was the first uh Interviewer: {X} 027: key surgeon and so he took me on. He took his patients and completed them. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: But I was not allowed to go in the water because they didn't know what caused polio. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh-huh 027: It made me something mad they let my sister go in. {NW} And uh so I didn't have the closeness with the group that someone would who woul- I went to school maybe two or three months out of the year and was tutored the rest of the time. And then I went away to boarding school and I was the only one in the group who did. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: See I came out right out of high school right at the heart of the Depression. {NW} the heart of the Depression that was my sister. {NW} Yeah we had a strike {X} it's the same thing here {C: laughs} precisely. We had a stri- a real strike with uh one or two men killed and it lasted for several months and it threw the economy off for three or four years and then came World War Two. Interviewer: Uh what kinds of games and all did you play when you were little? 027: Uh I was one of the bookworms. {NS} And anybody I could force to play parcheesi with me or uh oh I still have it somewhere. It's a real antique. The board with the X with one marble missing out of the middle. You play it solitary and then you end up with one marble in the middle and all the rest of them out. Interviewer: Some chinese checkers? 027: No it's a variation thereof and once you learn it you can do all these little things and uh. Old maids {NW} hearts rook and then when I was active I liked to skate and I had an what we called an {X} then in the backyard that my dad had built for me. I think now it would be called monkey bars. Interviewer: Uh-huh 027: Mine wasn't as elaborate as they are now. And um {NW} I liked to shoot. Interviewer: mm 027: I was a riflery instructor when I got older. And I loved to ride but I kept falling off the horse because my leg wouldn't my muscles wouldn't hold and they didn't know enough then about physical therapy or realize that that would be the best thing for me and so instead they stopped me. Interviewer: mm 027: And uh just the usual things. Interviewer: Ever pla- did y'all ever play any hiding games or anything like that? 027: Oh yes and red light i- in the evening until it got #1 dark. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # red light. 027: I don't even remember. Interviewer: {C: laughs} 027: Was something about running and you freeze when somebody yells red light. And then there were giant steps and. Interviewer: {X} 027: Oh yes {X} and um I think that was giant steps. Um hide and seek of course. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever play any kind of kind of running game where you had had two lines over here and one side would call {X} {D: over and} over and you have to break through the arms of? 027: Now I didn't because I wasn't strong enough. The others did yeah Interviewer: What did they call that do you remember? Ever hear it called like red rover or anything like? 027: Yeah red rover red rover come over mm-hmm. Right Interviewer: Anything ring games or anything that {D: may have played}? 027: Any what? Interviewer: Kind of ring games uh played you know where you use the circle? 027: Oh yes and they were um well we actually did square dancing only we didn't call it that. Interviewer: uh-huh 027: Uh to music Interviewer: {NW} 027: and um I realized later when I did square dancing that that's what we had been doing. Interviewer: What about the boys did they ever play any kind of ball games or games with {D: ten pins} anything? 027: Oh no it was uh baseball and basketball and tennis. We were great on tennis around here and um {NW} I don't know of the time I paid much attention the boys it was more girl games. Interviewer: {X} Uh what about any any games that they ever played with knives or anything where they toss it down like that. 027: They did I never paid any attention to those. Interviewer: What about 027: And marbles yeah it was bring always the marbles. Interviewer: Ever played with jacks or anything? 027: Yeah mm-hmm I don't know how I've got to learn haven't I? I've got a whole crew of grand nieces and nephews that are going to be expecting me to know how to play jacks. Interviewer: What about rope games have you ever played any kinds of rope games? {X} 027: Oh sure oh yes that was recess I always jumping the rope. Interviewer: Did they have a column or anything they usually built or {X}? 027: No. I really don't because I didn't jump I just watched. Interviewer: What about any kind of rough games that kids {X} played or? {NS} 027: I was shielded from the rough games and I don't know. Interviewer: Now 027: And there was so much at the time that I wasn't there that I don't know really what they were doing. Interviewer: And what about any kind of {D: word} games {X} about {D: word} games people would play anything like that? 027: I don't know. Interviewer: What about new kids {X} pretty much accepted immediately or was any kind of is- initiation wise you're gonna get to go through a? 027: {C: laughs} We had very few new kids moving in but they definitely go through a miserable period. Um which just lasted a day or two really and then they were usually I can't remember but two who were not accepted in school. And one stole things and the other one I don't know what she did but something equally Interviewer: What kinds of things would they would be miserable for? 027: Well they were different and they felt different. And we all sort of stared at them and they stared at us and then finally somebody would break the ice and Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: talk and we had one very delightful boy who had lived several places who came here his father was with the Aluminum company and um. {NW} He came here from Canada and he had the most fascinating blend of an English accent and a southern drawl that you have ever heard. And he was just {NS} he was just a nice kid and that was during one of the periods when I wasn't walking. {NW} And the first day that he was here he volunteered to carry my lunch tray over to me. And so he didn't go through any initiation period. Bob was accepted immediately. And it was that one little thing that he did and the fact that he rocked back and forth when he talked he rocked from one foot to the other. And {C: laughs} he had that funny slow way of talking that was so utterly foreign to us. And um incidentally he turned out very very well and he did I couldn't tell you how a chief engineer of something or other for some company to the Navy Interviewer: mm 027: He died last year {NW} of a malignancy but He was really a great guy he had no breaking in period but he's the only one that I can think of and I think it was really that um Interviewer: His own initiative. 027: of carrying my tray that first day because somebody always volunteered to carry my tray over to me from the cafeteria. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And then they would try to pick up food I didn't like {X} {C: laughs} {X} {C: laughs} Interviewer: {X} When you were a little older seventeen eighteen what kinds of parties and so forth would you have? 027: Uh we never danced {NS} we didn't dance until just about the time I went to college. Interviewer: mm 027: Dancing was taboo in Maryville. Interviewer: mm 027: But we had snap socials. Interviewer: {X}? 027: Uh the girls sat over here the boys sat over there and then one of the boys would come over and snap his finger in front of you and then y'all would go out and outside. unchaperoned and take a walk. {X} Interviewer: {C: laughs} 027: You know dancing is simple but this is {X}. {C: laughs} So that's um and then we would uh when we had parties in our homes Interviewer: mm 027: our parents would prep- try to organize a few games and then get it going and leave it alone and. Interviewer: Did did girls ever spend the night with each other {X}? 027: Oh sure but we did not have slumber parties. They came later. When we spent the night with somebody we went to bed went to bed went to sleep eventually Interviewer: Now we like to stay up all night. 027: {C: laughs} Interviewer: I'm in bed by ten O clock {X}. 027: {NW} {X} off the telephone at two this morning. Interviewer: Oh I- I guess I guess when I got married my wife goes to bed so early I started doing it too. {X} 027: That's good. Interviewer: Uh Can't do it any other way. 027: {C: laughs} leaves you fresh for the day's occupations. Interviewer: When you uh as a girl coming up what kind of music and so forth did you listen to? 027: Whatever was popular at the time just. Interviewer: What what styles what {X} Lot of people talk about rock music {D: did anybody remember any}? 027: Uh rag was the thing. Interviewer: {X} 027: And uh See I came up in the thirties and the forties. Interviewer: Oh. 027: And the big band era came just about the time I got to college and so all our dances were Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: fantastic as far as I'm concerned formals with the the really big bands and I heard them all. Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: And we spent as much time gathered around the bandstand watching 'em particularly the drummers. Interviewer: uh-huh 027: And we knew that the drummers were on something but we didn't know what. Interviewer: uh-huh 027: But we knew they had to be on something to drum like that. But as far as trying to get some or that never crossed any of our minds that I know of. But um now I- it was a wonderful era to grow up in it really was as far as I'm concerned in particular with music. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about now any particular style of music you listen to now? 027: Yeah I've got two {X} Miller albums that I've worn Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: completely out. I still go back to the old ones there are some of the new ones that I like. And uh course some classical music but I have never been trained in classical music which is a shame. I have been trained in {NW} art and literature but not in music. And so what I know about classical music I had picked up. But there's some of it that I enjoy very much and there is some country and western that we like. Interviewer: mm 027: But not {X} not too much um {NW} well not the Nashville style. That's not Tennessee and that's not hillbilly and that's not um. Bluegrass is more what we grew up with if we grew up with it and we really didn't. Interviewer: {X} That's uh really all the questions I had anything about the local culture so forth that I didn't ask that that I might've asked but {X}? 027: Now or then? Interviewer: {X}? 027: We're getting {NS} some very good cultural a- well now then back in the olden days we had the uh Lyceum program which came to the college like once a month #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Did you go # to Maryville College or? 027: No I'm the first one in five generations of my family that didn't. I went to a girl's school which no longer exists {NW} but which is coming back. {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm now I 027: And uh then I went to U-T. And uh my parents were forty mile far and so I after I had been {X} for two years they said we would appreciate it if you would go to U-T and live at home. Because we so like to have you around and so that's what I did. I didn't particularly want to but I enjoyed it thoroughly. And uh but we're get- we're having um. Then we had really excellent programs like uh the Trapp Family was here Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: when they first came to the states. And uh {NW} I heard um {NW} Pablo what was his #1 name great cello yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # mm {X} 027: mm-hmm And we really had some great ones and then they cut all that out. Interviewer: mm 027: And we had nothing. Interviewer: uh-huh 027: And um now of course Clarence Brown is giving U-T this magnificent theater. Interviewer: {X} that really is. 027: And we uh Bill and I belong to the first night club and. We didn't get to go last year at all but um in the other two years that it's been We feel that it really is an {X} gallery. {NS} It's doing I think a terrific thing for Knoxville. And uh right next to it of course is the town's collection of silver at the uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: {X} a great deal of which has been stolen. Interviewer: {NW} Oh really. 027: Yes irreplaceable things. And the Blount Mansion is one thing that you may not have seen that uh I dragged all the children to when they were little. I've been through it since I was little many times and seen it grow. And it really was a mansion when it was built but it was the first frame house. Interviewer: {D: frame} 027: And uh we have of course the summer dramas. Interviewer: uh-huh 027: And under these hills is well worth seeing. And um I can't I can't say much for the passion plays. I know that they're a lot of tourist traps of course but I think and then the uh The {X} theater is coming back beautifully restored. And my mother remembers seeing people like Jenny Lind there {X}. Interviewer: Ah 027: And um so Knoxville has had and Maryville has had a fine cultural past and I think it's going to return. Interviewer: mm 027: {NW} And Maryville has a very nice art collection at uh the college. And we have all we always have an adult education uh program going both at Maryville and at U-T and uh. I've taken advantage of several of those Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: courses I took one last winter over my husband's dead body. {X} he doesn't like for me to go out and uh. But I thought it was time that I left him a little bit and so I took one. And uh I think we're coming. Interviewer: Is Maryville {X} growing pretty rapidly too isn't it? 027: Too rapidly I liked it the way it was. {C: laughs} {NW} I liked it the way it was I really di-. Interviewer: {X} From the his- growth rate. 027: uh Interviewer: {D: Do you go through} Morristown and all that all that valley area? 027: Well of course uh {X} {NS} coming to Morristown is what started it going as it has done and then when {X} came down to Charleston. Interviewer: mm 027: And that really gave it a boost but um {NW} well first federal has already done a hundred and ninety-two loans this month Interviewer: And they just? 027: to give you an idea and that is running that's what they've been running for about two or three years. Interviewer: That's tremendous you know for a {X} so {C: end of reel}. Interviewer: Let's make sure it's going. Now, would you just give me your your full name first? 030: {NW} Sequoyah {B} Interviewer: And your address? 030: {B} Interviewer: And your place of birth? 030: Knoxville, Tennessee. Interviewer: And your age? 030: I am forty-four. Interviewer: And your church? 030: Mountain Zion Baptist. Interviewer: And your occupation? 030: Uh librarian. Interviewer: Now, tell me about your your formal education. Uh the uh ya know when you where where you started school and so forth. 030: Oh uh at Green School on Payne Avenue. And then I went to well uh it's {D: Vine Junior now,} but it was the high school then, and that's where I went. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: What what part of uh of Knoxville is that? Is that near here? 030: No, it's in East Knoxville. Interviewer: #1 I see. How far is it from here would ya say? # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Um two miles or a little better uh it's about fifteen minutes drive. Interviewer: Alright, and how uh how uh did now when you finished the school that school. how old were you? 030: #1 I didn't finish high school. I left school when I was fifteen. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # I see. 030: Mm. {NW} And after I married. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Go ahead. 030: Then I had um well I was had a daughter. Then four years later a son. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: #1 Then three years later another son. Then seven years later a daughter, and two years later a son. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Was it four? 030: #1 I have five child. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Five. Five. # #1 I missed one there. Okay uh. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now what uh how long have you been working in the library? 030: Uh well uh just two years. I've been well two and a half years really. I've #1 had to take special training for this. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And where did you work before that? 030: Well uh before I came over here, I was a crossing guard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: #1 Uh you know that's that's getting the children back and forth across the street for uh Green School I worked at Vine and Payne Avenue. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. Uh-huh. I see. # How long did you do that? 030: Eight years. Interviewer: And did you have a job any job before that? 030: Uh only part time working at Standard Knitting Mill. My mother worked there at night, and I just filled in. Part time. Interviewer: How'd you spell that then then? 030: What? Standard? Interviewer: #1 Standard. # 030: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Standard, okay. Uh and now you started as a crossing guard then when you were about uh about thirty-four? 030: Yes. Interviewer: And and you worked at the knitting mill before that? 030: Yeah, I oh I've been on {D: all going to tw- my twenties.} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Now where was your mother born? 030: In uh South Carolina. McCormick, South Carolina. Interviewer: And where was your father born? 030: McCormick, South Carolina. Interviewer: Okay. And when did they move to uh to Knoxville? 030: Uh I think my uh sister was about ten months old when they moved here. So I don't know exactly what year. But I was born here in nineteen twenty-seven. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 And well how many years how how much older is your sister than you? # 030: #2 And # #1 She's two years older than I am. # Interviewer: #2 Alright # #1 so they just came here about a year before you were born? I see. # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And what about your um uh where is McCormick? 030: It's um let me see. {NS} I don't know what it's near. Uh well uh that's the main only town, and they lived way out. Interviewer: Did you ever were you ever out there or down there or? 030: Yeah I've been once uh no I've been twice my father's buried there. Interviewer: I see. 030: And last year we had a family reunion there in McCormick. Interviewer: #1 Is it up in the northern or the southern part of the states? Is it down near near uh near Charleston? Is it uh # 030: #2 No, it # It's near Augusta, Georgia. #1 It's close. You can go um yeah we we went to Augusta and it didn't take us a good hour to go about forty-five minutes drive. # Interviewer: #2 Oh, I see. I see. I see. # Uh how did your father happen to come to Knoxville? 030: Well uh I don't know why uh because all of his um brothers and sisters and his mother and father lived in North Carolina. #1 Maybe it was cause my mother's sister was here. I don't have any idea, but # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 030: Uh all of his people were uh left South Carolina and went to North Carolina in Asheville. #1 And he was the only one that came here. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # I see. Uh did did your parents have much formal education? 030: No, I don't think so. I think about the eighth or the or from uh eighth grade for my mother and about the fifth or the sixth grade for my father. Interviewer: And what was your father's occupation? 030: Uh my daddy worked at uh at Miller's uh. He was a porter in Miller's, but he died quite young. Interviewer: What is Miller's? 030: #1 Uh this is Miller's uh Department Store on Gay Street. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # and your mother you said worked at the knitting mill. 030: My mother worked at Standard Knitting Mill for uh about twenty-seven years. Interviewer: Now did you know uh your grandparents? 030: Yes um on my mm father's side. I never knew my mother's Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: uh people, but on my father's side we used to go to Asheville every summer and stay three months with them. Interviewer: Oh, they live in Asheville? 030: Now, yes. My grandmother's still living. Interviewer: I see they oh uh and they went they then they went from they went from from McCormick up to Asheville, 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: North Carolina. Um but then was she born in uh 030: South Carolina. Interviewer: They were born in uh your both your these are your father's par- 030: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 parents? # 030: M- my mother's mother were was born in South Carolina, and my father's mother and father were born in South Carolina. Interviewer: Your mother's mother? 030: And father. Yeah both all of 'em Interviewer: #1 All four of them? All # 030: #2 were. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: all um four in around McCormick? 030: Yes. {NS} Interviewer: Okay uh how did did they uh do you know much about their background their when they were they were small did they ever tell you much about their 030: Uh, who? My mother? Interviewer: Your grandparents. 030: No. No um you know no more than saying when I was a little #1 girl. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: we uh nobody would've dreamed of coming out with a short dress like this and things like Interviewer: #1 Sure. Uh okay. # 030: #2 that. {NW} # Interviewer: Now how about your husband? Now what's his age? 030: Um. The one I'm married to now? I well {NW} I haven't been married that long this time, but the one I was married to for twenty-seven years, let's talk about that one. Interviewer: Okay. 030: Uh uh he was Bill came from Tennessee, but in Cleveland, Tennessee. Interviewer: And what about his uh uh he was born in Cleveland then? 030: Yes. Interviewer: And what about his formal education? 030: Um he went he graduated from Austin High School and he went to Morris Brown College for two years. {NS} Interviewer: And um what was his occupation? 030: He works at an {D: aqualuma} company. He's been there for some time. Interviewer: Do you know what he does? 030: He works in pot rooms. {NS} Interviewer: Is he baptist too? 030: No he belongs {D: to holding his} church. Interviewer: And uh do you know much about his parents? 030: Yes. They uh I know his mother came from Cleveland. His father came from Oklahoma. They met here in Knoxville. Interviewer: Now have you traveled much? 030: Well a little. I've uh stayed in Detroit for two years. I've um lemme see I've been to Atlanta. All the close towns around. I Interviewer: How about you when when were you in Detroit? 030: Uh in from the time I was {NS} uh n- from time I was nineteen until I was twenty. Twenty-two almost. Interviewer: Or how did you happen to do that? 030: I was having family troubles, and I wanted to just get away #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: if I had stayed here well my you know like my mother never didn't believe in separations and divorces #1 and # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 030: #1 I had a uncle there, and I asked if I could come and he said yes. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: #1 I didn't tell anybody. I just went after I got his permission. # Interviewer: #2 I see. Okay. # Now that was in um uh 030: Oh lemme see. Interviewer: #1 Well how bout if it uh about twenty, twenty-one years ago twenty years ago in the nineteen fifties. # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah. Interviewer: Uh did you- where did you live in Detroit? 030: I lived on {B} Interviewer: you know what that neighborhood was called? generally {X} 030: No, but it was when I was living there it was uh kind of um mixed neighborhood because #1 uh it was mostly Jewish on that side, and they were moving out and then negroes were moving in. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Now, and where is this community now where do where is uh {B} Is that near is that that's you said in East uh 030: No. {X} Well it's like what they call in Park City. It's between Park City and Burlington. Interviewer: Between Park City and Burlington. 030: Yeah. Because you don't know where one takes up and uh feeds off another one takes up. Interviewer: And this county is? 030: Knox. Interviewer: And the state? 030: Tennessee. Interviewer: And the date today? 030: The twenty-ninth. Interviewer: Okay now just start with some of these um oh how would you describe the weather today? 030: Lovely beautiful day. #1 I like it. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Uh the uh uh a day uh how would you describe a day like yesterday? 030: Dull and dreary. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if something happened you said today was the twenty-ninth of March nineteen seventy-two. If something happened on the twenty-ninth of March nineteen seventy one you said that happened just? 030: A year ago. Interviewer: Okay and if a little child is this many you'd say he is? 030: Three. Interviewer: Three. 030: Mm years old. Interviewer: Okay and if the weather has been um #1 These are just some odds and ends I've gotta get out of the way first. There's no # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 con- there's some a little continuity here but this these are just some odds # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: If it's been um if the weather has been fairly nice and then suddenly it starts to uh uh get cloudy and so forth you might say the weather is? 030: Um rainy again or um it's gonna be dreary. Interviewer: Okay would you I mean would you ever use anything like breaking or gathering or changing or threatening? 030: Uh sometimes when uh I would say I'd be glad when the weather changed so that it'll stay a bit warm stay warm instead if being cool one day #1 and hot the next. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: #1 Cold at night and you dress at cool in the mornings and then you dress and later in the day you're too warm uh make you too uncomfortable. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Alright. # And the? uh big white things up in the sky are? 030: The clouds. {NW} Interviewer: And on a a day uh if it's been cloudy very cloudy and and and then you look up and you see a little patch of blue up in the sky you might say I think it's going to? 030: Clear up. {NW} Interviewer: Now um if it uh the uh if you have a heavy rain of short you know it doesn't last very long but it really comes down what would you call that? 030: Oh it rained like the devil this Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 morning. {NW} # Interviewer: And if there's thunder and lightning, you'd call that a? 030: Storm. Interviewer: Alright and uh if you're talking about the wind you'd say the wind really? 030: You mean like it's uh it's pretty wild or heavy today. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Real windy today. # Interviewer: Yeah the wind really what hard? 030: It blew hard. Interviewer: Sure and the uh and if it's now we talked about a storm how about a lighter rain than that not quite a storm but? 030: When it's um when it's misty or a steady rain. Interviewer: Alright and then something even lighter than a than a mist is there any or maybe not how about something uh do you ever use the term drizzle? 030: Yes. Interviewer: Now when would that be? 030: {X} Uh well just like it's a drizzle today. Interviewer: Right. Is that more than a mist? 030: N- uh yeah a drizzle is a little bit heavier than a mist. A mist is just a little heavier than a fog. Interviewer: Okay and then if there's a lot of fog you'd say it's really uh 030: Foggy. Interviewer: And if it doesn't rain for a long time? 030: Uh it is dry. Interviewer: #1 And if it doesn't rain say for a month you'd say we're? # 030: #2 We're having a drought. # #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if the wind hasn't been blowing and then suddenly you'd say the wind is? 030: Blowing. Interviewer: And then it's just starting to you might say it's if it's getting started I mean do you ever use the expression like picking up or breezing on or rising or coming up or? 030: Uh well s- I well sometimes I said it seem like the wind is getting up a little. Interviewer: Okay and then after it's been blowing hard and then starts to 030: Calm down. Interviewer: Okay and if you look out in oh in the late in the fall of the year it hasn't snowed you see that white stuff on the ground you might say it looks like we had a 030: A heavy fog this morning. Interviewer: Okay and then the white stuff on the ground? 030: I mean frost, yeah. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's right and then but then as the temperature drops way down you might say uh the the water in the lake? 030: Uh you mean freezing? Interviewer: Yeah and then the the water in the lake {NS} when it's freezing the water 030: #1 It's freezing cold or something. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah and then the water then when you can skate on it # #1 you say the. Yeah # 030: #2 It's frozen. # Interviewer: Okay uh and you say um um so last night when the temperature dropped way down there you say the water in the lake something over do you ever use that expression? 030: Oh froze over. Interviewer: Froze over. Now do you have a name for a thin uh covering of ice that just barely when it's just 030: #1 Oh like uh when you walk out and it's crunchy? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: Um usually um if it when we're talking about it around the house we might say uh it's slippery as glass outside, so be careful while you're walking in the grass. It's so crunchy. #1 Something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Okay now the um and the uh now I wanna ask you something about the the house did you did you live in the same house all the time when you were a child? uh when you were from the time you were very small until you you grew up 030: #1 I lived in the same house from the time I was I would say about four until I # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 030: moved out of out of that house into my own house. Interviewer: I see. Well would you tell me about the the uh uh uh the the rooms of that house what I'd like you to do is to draw just here just to draw a little floor plan just nothing elaborate but just a little floor plan and tell me what those rooms were called 030: Okay. Interviewer: #1 and the direction of them and so forth well that's just a box you know that's uh # 030: #2 But I can't draw it out. {NW} Okay well really # {NS} Like this you come up the steps to the front porch. We had a pretty large front front porch on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: You came into the living room. This was the first room in here. Off of this room was my mother's bedroom. You went straight through this door was a door coming in right here and then straight ahead off the living room was another door just a little past this room. #1 And that was uh my sister's bedroom. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: And right over here was the kitchen. Out on the back porch was a bathroom. Right there like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: It was just um #1 One uh one two three four house. You know like the kitchen and # Interviewer: #2 Mm. Mm-hmm. # You mean just the one room one behind the other 030: Yeah or even you could say uh one on each side of the other you know. Interviewer: Was there a hall down the middle? 030: No. No hall. You just came in. Interviewer: And there were doors? 030: Doors but no hall. Interviewer: If the doors were all open, could you see all the way through the house? 030: No because now if you were in the living room, you could look #1 in the living room through our bedroom out the back window in the back yard. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. I see. # 030: #1 And you could do the same thing from my mother's room, but you would look through the kitchen win- you could stand in her room and look through the kitchen window. # Interviewer: #2 I see # #1 I see. Okay. I see. Yeah. # 030: #2 And the uh back end. # Interviewer: That's okay I know I just wanted to get the the layout. That's okay. Now the um uh how many brothers and sisters did you have? 030: I only had one sister. Interviewer: I see and so there were just four of you living 030: Yeah but see my father died when I was uh about five years old. Interviewer: #1 I see. Right after you moved into this um very shortly after I see # 030: #2 Yes. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um. Uh did what kind of heating did you have in that house? 030: Fireplaces at first. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 Then we moved up to a warm morning heater. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: #1 And the cook stove and that # Interviewer: #2 What was a warm morning heater? That's interesting. # 030: That's a coal stove. Interviewer: I see. 030: Uh-huh. #1 And you know like they had uh they were heavier uh than the uh the regular coal stoves and um # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 030: #1 Well you like some people had wood heaters, # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: but we had uh this heavy Interviewer: #1 I see. Now # 030: #2 coal stove. # Interviewer: Did um uh did have uh do you remember the fire place? 030: Yes. Interviewer: Uh the smoke went up the? 030: Chimney. Interviewer: And then uh on a um uh out in the front of the fire place #1 the part that comes. Uh-huh. # 030: #2 On the hearth, right? Yeah. # Interviewer: And the two things in the fire place that held the logs in place? 030: #1 Uh no we didn't have that we had uh we had a grate. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # I see. Did you ever hear of those things? 030: Um. Interviewer: I was wondering what you'd call them. 030: Uh I don't know lemme see. I know what you're talking about, but I don't know what you call it. Interviewer: Well let me just give you 030: #1 Oh ant irons. Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What's that now? 030: Ant irons. Interviewer: #1 Sure and then the thing on the top of the fire place that you might put things on? # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 030: #2 # Interviewer: Over the top there might've been a 030: Oh, a mantle. A shelf. Interviewer: Yeah now what would you call that? That's 030: Both of 'em. Mantle put something on the mantle uh #1 don't lean on the shelf. Of course, you haven't heard that enough. # Interviewer: #2 Okay, okay. # Did you ever call uh did you ever hear it called anything else other than a mantle or a shelf? Have you ever heard it called a fireboard? 030: No. Interviewer: No? Okay and a large log in the fireplace? What what would you call that? 030: #1 Uh well we never burnt any wood or logs. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: But and if I don't know if it was Interviewer: What did you burn in the fireplace? #1 Coal? Oh oh have a grate for sure so that was a stake. # 030: #2 Coal. Mm-hmm # Interviewer: I see. Um how did you get that fire started? 030: Uh {NW} you mean #1 how uh well just paper and wood on top of it and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: #1 put the coal on and light it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Uh and then now when you had that uh uh that stove later #1 The uh um # 030: #2 Uh-huh. # The warm morning heater. Interviewer: Warm morning heater. Now did that how did they uh how did the smoke get out of that? 030: It went out through the chimney. Interviewer: Oh that was uh also attached to the chimney? 030: Yes. Interviewer: Now did you ever have a uh now did a uh how about the cook stove in the kitchen? 030: Yes, we had one. Interviewer: And what was did that where would where did the smoke go out there? 030: Uh out the chimney ya know it all they were uh well see like it was a fireplace #1 in the back bedroom where we slept was a fire place in the living room and there was a fire place in my mother's room, # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: #1 so therefore it had you know it had chimneys all over the place only # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: when you looked at it on the outside it just had two but it had two #1 uh places where the smoke. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 As they all came together uh-huh. # Did uh did you ever have uh uh any kind of a stove that had a pipe on it? 030: Yes, all of them had #1 pipes with dampers on 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Did you ever have to get in there and clean the stuff out of there? 030: Oh man. Yeah. #1 {NW} Oh, did we ever. Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Uh-huh. Okay. # And what was that what's that stuff called that you have to clean? 030: Soot. Interviewer: Alright and the stuff you had to clean out of the fireplace? 030: Ashes. Interviewer: Okay and you're sitting in a? 030: Chair. Interviewer: And the color of this paper is? 030: White. Interviewer: And this this piece of furniture like this what would you call it? 030: A couch. Interviewer: Now are there any other pieces of furniture similar to this that might have different names? 030: Yeah, there's some people call them davenports. Uh and um like some of them make beds and people some people call them day beds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: But um we usually calls that call that the couch. Interviewer: Uh huh now uh did you ever did you ever hear it called a sofa? 030: Yeah. Interviewer: Would that be about the same thing? 030: I think so because usually when you uh see it advertised in the paper that's all they call it is a sofa. Interviewer: Okay now what kind of furniture did you have in the bedroom? 030: Um uh a bed, a dresser, a chest of drawers, and uh well that's about it. Interviewer: What's the difference between the dresser and the chest of drawers? 030: {NW} Mm. Well one had the mirror on it and that made the big difference and other other one was just drawers that you put your clothes in. Interviewer: Is that the the the dresser had the mirror on it? 030: Right. Interviewer: Okay now did you ever have a piece of furniture in the um uh in the bedroom that was uh where'd you hang the clothes? 030: In the closet. Interviewer: Now that was that had a door on it? 030: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Built into the wall. # 030: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Did you have something like that have you ever seen those? # 030: #1 In a chifforobe? Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: I've seen 'em, but we never had one. Uh the closet in our bedroom was pretty big. Interviewer: Uh-huh and you called the other a? 030: Chifforobe. Interviewer: Right now the um uh so all of these things are different pieces of? 030: Furniture. Interviewer: And the um uh the things you pull down over the windows? 030: Shades. Interviewer: And the above the was there any living space up above this uh uh? was the roof just flat on there or was there could you get up above the 030: Oh in the attic? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Uh no um #1 I'm pretty sure that it it wasn't flat it went up in a point like this, but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: Um we never had as bad as we uh we never did make it up there. Interviewer: Now what what uh uh uh what was the the kitchen like could you kinda describe that for me? 030: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: At first we had a nice box, you know, and then a kitchen cabinet and the stove and the table and five chairs. We only had five chairs. We never had six. I never knew Interviewer: #1 why, but we had five and uh the sink, you know. # 030: #2 Uh-huh. Uh. # Interviewer: Uh did you uh where did your mother keep her um uh oh things like um uh Did she have uh was there anything like a room? 030: A pantry? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: No. Interviewer: Alright and um the uh the place did you have uh did you have you didn't have any other room that was where you keep old worthless furniture or anything and things that you just hadn't 030: Oh we had a garage up in the back. #1 Uh but it wasn't connected to the house or anything. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # What would you call that old worthless furniture? 030: Antiques. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Or stuff that where that now antiques? 030: Uh it's #1 well now you know like it's anytime anybody buy uh give away something or sells something, it's old junk. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: #1 They don't want it anymore. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: #1 But then somebody else come right along looking says well I'll buy this and when you see it again it's an antique. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # #1 I see. {NW} Right. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's good uh every um uh around the house uh um wife uh kids might get up every morning and go around and? 030: Dust. Interviewer: Clean. Would you use something like in other words up in it maybe she the house she 030: Clean up. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, that would be right. # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And now they use vacuum cleaners a lot but before they used to use a? 030: A sweeper uh #1 A broom? Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Sure, that's a # Now if something were dropped back here and I'd say where is this and you'd #1 say it's? # 030: #2 Behind the couch. # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And on Mondays women traditionally did their? 030: Washing. Interviewer: And on Tuesdays? 030: Ironing. Interviewer: And together it was all called the? 030: Uh you mean on wash days? Interviewer: Well, it yeah that's good or what I was thinking is what you call uh maybe a term that would cover both washing and ironing? 030: I don't know. Lemme see. See now I could do it for today but I can't do it for right then cause when you wash now you go to the laundromat. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 {X} # 030: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Now that's kind of the word I was thinking of how you use the word. # 030: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: A a word that you'd use if you just took the clothes into town, you'd take 'em to the 030: Laundromat. Interviewer: #1 Or uh that's where you do it yourself but if you were gonna take it and they do it for you? # 030: #2 Yes. # To the laundry. Interviewer: Alright. And now uh you've showed me this uh this porch on the diagram now was that flat on the ground or was it? 030: #1 No, it was elevated you had to go up about four you had to come up about four steps. # Interviewer: #2 Elevated. # Okay, and how did you get up to the attic? 030: I don't know um you know like it wasn't what you would call enough room so that you could make um #1 a room out of it it was just a uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: a roof of the house. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh and there was no really no way to get up there? # 030: #2 Or something like that. # Interviewer: #1 No ladder? # 030: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: Um what would you call steps inside the house like going up to the second floor? Did you have a special uh name for that? 030: Upstairs but Interviewer: Okay and if the door were open and you didn't want it that way you might tell someone please? 030: To close the door. Interviewer: Or another way is? 030: Uh shut the door. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And on a frame house was was this a frame house? 030: Yes. Interviewer: Now did was there anything uh nailed on over the the uh the wood as a protective covering? 030: No. Interviewer: You know what I mean? 030: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 Know what that's called? # 030: You mean like aluminum siding? Interviewer: #1 Yeah or siding or maybe weather. # 030: #2 or something like # Uh weather board #1 or stripping or whatever they call that. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah. # Now if um talking about uh say have you been in uh uh the uh in an oh let's see uh in Maryville recently? Say oh I got in my car yesterday and I down there 030: #1 I drove to Maryville. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # And I have many times. I've 030: Uh driven. Interviewer: Sure and the on the on the you talk about the roof of the house now when the water when the water runs #1 down okay. # 030: #2 Down into # in the gutters. Interviewer: Okay and then uh the then the water goes down the? 030: Drain. Interviewer: Okay they uh uh you had a garage. Did you have any kind of a of a shed? Um. 030: No. #1 Well the garage was divided into two parts, you know, like # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 030: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 # 030: one side was big. On the other side we kept uh #1 coal and stuff like that. Wood. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And the um uh now you had indoor plumbing all the time. What 030: No, well it no it was it was connected to the house but you had to go out of the house to get Interviewer: #1 I see. # 030: #2 to it. # Interviewer: Now what did you you call that? The 030: The toilet. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now were they when they used to have them separated really separated 030: They called that outhouses. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any other terms for it other than that? 030: No. Privy. #1 Yes, I did. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. Uh say yes I 030: Heard it. Interviewer: Okay um and um talking about um smoking cigars I don't smoke cigars, but he 030: Does. Interviewer: Um and if you're not certain about something you say well maybe I'm I'm just? 030: #1 I'm uh # Interviewer: #2 I'm # 030: I'm not sure. Interviewer: And you say uh I don't think so but some people 030: I think some people might. Interviewer: Or some people think 030: Some people think so. Interviewer: Okay and uh and the uh um building you live in you said was a? 030: A house. Interviewer: And the plural of that two of those would be two 030: Houses. Interviewer: Now what other out buildings are there on a farm? You know what other what other buildings do you think about when you talk about a farm? 030: Well like a barn. Um. I don't know. I don't know too much about farms. Interviewer: Okay uh do you know what they call that part above the barn where the hay is kept? 030: In the loft. Interviewer: Sure. And um when the hay is piled up out in the field do you know what that's called? The hay? 030: The hay stack. Interviewer: Sure and the um uh place where uh the uh um the hogs are kept? 030: Like the hog pen? Interviewer: Okay and where they might have a place where the stock the hogs or other animals could get out and kinda run around? 030: Um what they call that? Let me see. Out in the fields? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 No? # Interviewer: Well it would be now a place where they go out and graze is called a where the cows are allowed to 030: Out in the pasture. Interviewer: Yeah now but then there's a um maybe a smaller thing right in the um uh um ya know right I was thinking something like a a a cow lot or a hog lot or a #1 stable lot or a barn yard or any of those sound familiar to you? # 030: #2 Yeah. # Yeah I mean yeah well I guess I've heard all the terms, but #1 you know when you're not just really you hear no no you don't know what they're talking about really. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Okay. 030: You you have a picture in your mind and you say well yeah I #1 think I know what they mean, but you don't ever come out and say it. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # How about a place where milk and butter is made? What do they call the company like that? 030: A dairy. Interviewer: Yeah, now does that word mean anything else to you in relation to a farm other than just a kind of like a a company? 030: Uh no more or less. Uh well #1 like a cow you know like milk that's that's about that's uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. # Okay now the um um let's see. Would you name some different kind of fences? What you'd see out in a out in a field. 030: Out in a field? Interviewer: Or in town. Both. 030: Like chain fence or? I don't even know what they called that's what they where they keep #1 in the corral uh but that's not the name for the fence though is it? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. No. # Well I was thinking of things like a rail fence or a wire- You had different kinds of wire fences. #1 You know with kind of the sticky things on it? # 030: #2 Yeah yeah um. # What do they call it now? I should know because I've been cut by one. {NW} #1 I can't think of it. # Interviewer: #2 Was it barbed wire or # 030: Barbed wire. Yes. Interviewer: Yeah and how about uh either picket or pailing fences? 030: {D: I think it's a picket fence.} #1 But I don't know about pailing fence. # Interviewer: #2 Okay and # they um uh they sometimes talk about a they call it a things like these big things like they sometimes call them poles they sometimes they sometimes call them things that a the telephones lines run? 030: Telephone pole. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Pole or post? # 030: Telephone post. Interviewer: Alright and say there are two of them you'd say two telephone 030: Posts. Interviewer: Alright and so and a and a a wall or fence made of loose rock or stone? 030: A wall or a um let me see. Usually if it's you know like like if this is a counter and it's a yard behind there, we just call it a wall. Interviewer: Okay now the uh expensive dishware is called? 030: China. Interviewer: Yeah and a uh something you you uh carry water in a handle? 030: Pail. Interviewer: Alright. How about if it's made of wood? 030: #1 Bucket. # Interviewer: #2 Would you still call it? # #1 Okay called it a bucket. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: How about something you might use to go if you're gonna go out and slop the hogs? 030: Well you do that with a bucket. Interviewer: Okay and what would you call that any special kind of bucket? 030: Slop bucket. Interviewer: Okay and the um uh thing you fry eggs in? 030: A skillet or either frying pan. Interviewer: Alright. Did you ever see these with legs on them? 030: Yes. Interviewer: Now would you call that something different? 030: A kettle. Uh well Interviewer: #1 But that'd be bigger, wouldn't it? # 030: #2 Be yeah # Much bigger but see now like #1 uh my skillet has legs on it, but it's electric one. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Sure, that's right. Sure. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um now the uh something you put cut flowers in? 030: A vase. Interviewer: And something now you have a kettle, but if you were gonna boil potatoes for example you might put them in a kettle or you might put them in a? 030: Pot. Interviewer: Yeah and the three utensils you eat with are uh? 030: Spoon, knife, and a fork. Interviewer: Alright you might have a butter and then a if you're cutting say you say you have two 030: Uh knives? Interviewer: Yeah. And after dinner you say now I must what the dishes? 030: Wash. Interviewer: And you tell hol- uh maybe you hold the dish under clear water after you've washed it you'd say you're going to? 030: Rinse it. Interviewer: Alright. And a uh and then you use this to get the water off the dish. 030: Dry it. Interviewer: With a? 030: Dish towel? Interviewer: Okay and something you might use on your face when you 030: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 wash it? # 030: Washcloth. Interviewer: Alright and you dry it with a? 030: Towel. Interviewer: And the water in the sink comes out the? 030: Faucet. Interviewer: Yeah and how about on the side of the house? 030: Spigot. Interviewer: And how about on a barrel? 030: #1 It's a s- # Interviewer: #2 You know like? # 030: #1 Uh it's a spigot. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. Alright. # Um now the uh if you were pouring uh sugar or something from a larger container into a smaller you might pour it through something that looks like this? 030: A funnel. Interviewer: Okay and uh something you might crack to race your horse on? 030: A whip. Interviewer: Alright and if you were gonna buy if you went to buy a dozen oranges at the store the grocer might put them in a? 030: Bag. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Sack. Interviewer: Or paper. 030: A paper bag. Interviewer: Yeah, did you ever hear that called anything else? 030: No. Um in a paper bag. Yes. I mean some they uh well no it's just that they come in different kind of bags you know like sometimes they already in a knitted-like bag. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: #1 But they uh no but now it's plastic so you still call it a bag. # Interviewer: #2 Sure, did you ever hear it called poke? # 030: Yeah. Interviewer: Now is that did your parents use that term too? 030: #1 I think uh my grandparents my grandmother did more than anybody she would always say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: uh go find the poke so I can put these things. Interviewer: I see and uh something now we talked about this before that something you put the uh you might have a spigot on this uh? 030: Barrel. Interviewer: Yeah and then the if you had a hundred pounds of potatoes or something they might come in a great big? 030: A croaker sack. Interviewer: Okay and the um um did you ever hear that called anything else? 030: Um let me see. Yeah. Let me see. That's not what my grandparents called it at all. Not a croaker sack. They um they called it something else but it wasn't croaker sack. Let me see. Interviewer: They call it a toe sack? 030: Yeah a toe sack. Any time something big uh or they were gonna put like uh when my grandfather would go get a watermelon, he'd say bring me the toe sack so I can put #1 bring the watermelon back in here. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. I see. # Okay now the amount of corn or meal uh that you might take to the mill at the same time you might be able to carry at one time you might call that a? 030: Bushel? Interviewer: Alright and then uh up up here they here you have fluorescent lights but in a regular lamp you might have? 030: Light bulbs. Interviewer: Alright and if you were gonna hang clothes out in the yard after you washed them you might carry them out in a 030: Tub. Interviewer: {D: Or I bet?} 030: Laundry basket. Interviewer: #1 Sure, fine. # 030: #2 I I yeah. # Interviewer: Now it's something like uh this is just like a a a barrel really except it's much smaller nails and that come in these things. 030: Nail. A keg. Interviewer: Sure and things that go around a barrel that keep the staves in place? 030: The hooks. Interviewer: Yeah and something you put on top of a in the top of a bottle after you've opened it? 030: A cork. Interviewer: Okay and a musical instrument. You blow in it. 030: Harp. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called anything else? 030: Harmonica. Interviewer: Okay what did remember what your grandparents called it? 030: Um no. I don't remember them I was gonna say Jew's harp but that's a Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 a different thing altogether. # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever hear it called a French harp? # 030: No, they used to always #1 just call it a harp. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # #1 Okay and something you drive nails with is a? # 030: #2 Uh-huh. # Hammer. Interviewer: And the part of a wagon that goes up between two horses? 030: The spokes. Interviewer: Well yeah now now this uh this is your? 030: #1 Tongue. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, do you know what that is on the on the wagon? # 030: It's the handle. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 I mean uh # #1 yeah I guess that's the handle # Interviewer: #2 Alright how are the {D: part} the um # the um you know the part which you call the part of the wagon in the people actually the horse actually pulls on? 030: What, the body? Interviewer: Yeah okay and then uh if you were there was a big heavy log out in the field you know you wanna have to they had they had to take a mule or a horse or a tractor out there or something and hook it up and then you'd say they they what that log in the field yesterday they they couldn't carry it out they had to? 030: #1 Drag it out. # Interviewer: #2 Yesterday they? # 030: drug it out. Interviewer: Sure. And then something you use to break up dirt with when you're? 030: A plow. Interviewer: Yeah, and something you break the dirt up into smaller pieces with? 030: A tractor. Interviewer: Yeah, well this is something you pull by a tractor. 030: Um. #1 Something pulled by a tractor? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, the tractor's # the tractor pulls this and it breaks up the dirt after it's been plowed into finer um pieces did you ever hear of a har or a harrow? 030: Oh yeah. Interviewer: A harrow. 030: I've heard of it uh yeah I've heard of it. Interviewer: Okay. 030: But I don't think I've ever seen it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And something that you might use to to uh saw wood and put it on two #1 there are two # 030: #2 Uh. # In a fort? Interviewer: #1 yeah it was a {X} but # 030: #2 Is that what that? # Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called a uh 030: A horse? Interviewer: No. Okay now sometimes the horses has that kind of A-frame. 030: Yeah. Interviewer: This is an X-frame though. Those are old fashioned, shaped like this they put the log on there. #1 So then with all the # 030: #2 I see. # Interviewer: saw a buck or a or a saw a jack or a saw a horse 030: Maybe, I don't know. Interviewer: Alright you might use a comb in your hair or you might use a? 030: Brush. Interviewer: And you and when you're uh #1 sharpening the straight razor they say sharpen the straight razor # 030: #2 {D: On a strap.} # Interviewer: Okay and a fountain pen certain kind of some kinds of fountain pens you have these little things you stick you know when you replace the 030: Uh fillers? Interviewer: Yeah and what're they sometimes called? Car- 030: Oh cartridge. Interviewer: Sure and this is something children play with. One sits on either end and it goes up and down. 030: See-saw. Interviewer: And another thing that goes around like this is sit on it and #1 goes around in a circle. # 030: #2 Um. # Well now thats a whirligig. It has about Interviewer: Okay. 030: A whole bunch of names for it. Interviewer: So what does a whirligig look like? 030: Uh well it's um #1 made well it's like a see-saw with # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: seats on its end. And you just kinda pump it and it goes around Interviewer: #1 Okay is this a mechanical thing? # 030: #2 there. # Yeah. Interviewer: Now where did you see these? 030: at my church in Interviewer: #1 Oh, I see. # 030: #2 {D: Headworth}. # Interviewer: So these 030: It's a toy that they ride around on, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: And it goes um more you you see you hold it like this. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: And the more you push on it see and instead of it going up and down it goes around. Interviewer: I see. 030: And then it goes up and down. Interviewer: I see. I see. Um now so when you had that coal coal stove you um uh you you might've had a little thing you keep a small quantity of coal in? 030: In the {D: skook}. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And this has one wheel and two handles. 030: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: And something you might hold in your hand to sharpen a knife? 030: Uh whetstone. Interviewer: Alright and something on a {D: trebel} or a or a handle? 030: #1 That's what they call it a whetrock. # Interviewer: #2 that you might # 030: #1 or something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Oh, okay. # And if uh you're you're baking some biscuits or something, you might do what to the pan first? 030: Grease it. Interviewer: Alright and so then you might say my hands now are awfully? 030: Uh. Greasy. Interviewer: Yeah and so um uh and say you say yesterday I did what to that pan yesterday I? #1 Grea- # 030: #2 Greased it. # Interviewer: Yeah and something you you um uh uh uh in a car you might take it in there and have them check the water and? 030: Oil. Interviewer: Yeah and before they had electricity do you always have electricity in your house? 030: Yes of course I mean I don't think they always had it but I don't remember when they didn't. Interviewer: Okay, but what did they have before that though? Do you know? 030: Lamps. Interviewer: Okay and what did the lamps burn? 030: Oil. Coal oil. Interviewer: Okay did you ever call that anything else? 030: Kerosene. Interviewer: Alright now do you have a name for a makeshift lamp or torch made with a rag or bottle or can have you ever seen one of those? 030: Uh I mean yeah like on TV. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Um Molotov. Interviewer: #1 Oh like a Molotov cocktail. Okay. # 030: #2 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: The um uh toothpaste comes in a? 030: Tube. Interviewer: And if you were going to uh when they after they build the boat they put it up and they, you know, they say they're going to what the boat? Put it out into the water {NS} 030: Float it? Interviewer: Yeah or what? 030: Launch it. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: And then what kinds of small boats do they have in rivers? 030: Uh #1 Uh like canoes and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: I don't know much about boats. Interviewer: How about rook? 030: Rook. Interviewer: You know like do you ever do you know the term bateau or row boat or jon boat? 030: #1 Uh a row boat yes but not the rest of it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # If um one of your children was looking 030: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh # clothes you might say um here your clothes here? 030: Uh here {D: Bert}. Interviewer: Here. 030: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Say # Say the whole thing. Here are 030: {D: Bert} here's your clothes. Interviewer: Okay and um if you're not sure you're right about something but you think you are you might say to somebody I'm right you're not absolutely certain you're right you're kind of checking it as a friend you might say I'm right, but? 030: #1 Uh yeah I might ask her do you think I'm right? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. What'd you # but what I was getting at is would you say I'm right? #1 Ain't I I'm right aren't I'm right am I. Now which seemed? # 030: #2 I would # like if I said I'd say uh #1 I know I'm right or I'm right, ain't I? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Yeah that would be more sure that would be the most uh # 030: #2 Like that uh-huh mm-hmm. # Interviewer: um natural uh response. Now something a woman wears over her dress when she's cooking? 030: Apron. Interviewer: And something this is a 030: Pin. Interviewer: And something you use uh to to hold a diaper together? 030: That's a pin. Interviewer: Alright and um do you uh on a on a cold day a person might put on a um um something over his where on 030: A shawl? Interviewer: Yeah, or wear a big heavy? 030: Coat. Interviewer: Alright and something that a man might wear between his coat and his shirt 030: Sweater? Interviewer: Yeah, or this is something that matches the suit though. 030: Oh, his top coat? Interviewer: Well this matches the suit and it's #1 it it has {X} sure # 030: #2 Oh, a vest. # Interviewer: And these are? 030: Pants. Interviewer: Alright and a uh if a uh someone you ask someone to bring something and the person says I have 030: Uh. Interviewer: You say did you bring that and the person says yes I have 030: brought it. Interviewer: And the um uh somebody asks how did that coat uh fit and they ask you the question you say oh the coat {NW} 030: Uh like it was alright? Interviewer: Yeah, you'd say the coat 030: Uh it fits fine. Interviewer: Alright, yesterday you say you might talking about yesterday you say does that coat fit? he said yeah it Interviewer: Speaking of a coat, you might say oh that coat 030: Uh well like if I tried it on yesterday? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That you tried this coat on yesterday and it #1 what just fine? # 030: #2 It- # it fit just fine. Interviewer: Okay um and the um a person gets a a coat and trousers made of the same material you might say now he has a? 030: Suit. Interviewer: And it's not an old one he just bought it. It's a? 030: New suit. Interviewer: Alright and his pockets are all filled up with things say his pockets really 030: Are jammed. Interviewer: And they really? 030: Bulge. Interviewer: Alright and if if a shirt was sanforized and it was washed say it might 030: Shrink. Interviewer: Yeah, do you ever use anything else? 030: Drawed. Interviewer: #1 Yeah now if you're talking about yesterday you say I washed that shirt yesterday and it # 030: #2 {NW} # Drew up. Interviewer: Alright and or it would shrink, you'd say it would 030: It's uh like if it shrank or it shrunk. Interviewer: Okay um and if uh something you you might keep change in? 030: In a purse. Interviewer: Alright. and something you might wear on your wrist? 030: Watch. Interviewer: #1 Yeah or just a or this would be just like a like that would be a # 030: #2 A wrist watch. # Interviewer: Well, that is a watch I didn't see the watch there but it's 030: Yeah, cause it's so big. Interviewer: If it didn't have a if it didn't have a watch on, then you just call it a 030: A bracelet. Interviewer: Sure and the uh something uh uh men wear instead of a belt sometimes? 030: Are suspenders. Interviewer: Remember them called anything else? 030: #1 No, did they call them something? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, did you ever hear them called galluses? # 030: No. Interviewer: #1 You never heard that? Okay. That's alright. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Something you might open up on a rainy day. 030: An umbrella. Interviewer: Alright and um something that um uh you put oh the last thing you put over the last thing you put over a bed when you're making it up. 030: The bedspread. Interviewer: Alright and some a thing you rest your head on. 030: Pillow. Interviewer: Now we're talking about a a a long pillow that might use a long one {D: this whole thing say three pillows and everybody says only have one long one what what might that be called}? one great big long pillow. 030: #1 I would still call it a pillow I guess. # Interviewer: #2 Okay and you might say that pillow didn't go # part way you'd say it went 030: All the way. Interviewer: Alright and a washable kind of a blanket is called a 030: Um You mean what the what is it made out of cotton Interviewer: #1 Yeah, well this would just be uh something like that. You might call it a blanket or these women used to make these. # 030: #2 or? # Interviewer: Remember? 030: Oh, quilts. Interviewer: #1 Sure and a bed made up flat on the floor is a? # 030: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh. 030: A pallet. Interviewer: Okay and out in the country low lying land near the near a near a stream you call? 030: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay well do you know what what kind mm if you you say there's land up near the # low lying land that always has water in it now what would do you have a 030: That's a lake. Interviewer: #1 Well yeah except this was not not that deep this is kinda muddy and # 030: #2 Deep uh # #1 Let me see. # Interviewer: #2 place you know like where they # you have a lot of alligators and things and uh 030: Like in a swamp? Interviewer: Yeah, that's what I meant. Now that the swamp is one thing a lake is something else but this is the kinda thing that might just be flooded in the spring and then then plowed later and later it might be okay this is the land that you find around a river or creek. 030: On the bank? Interviewer: Yeah, did you ever hear the term bottom land? 030: #1 Only in reading I never knew really understood it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay, okay, okay. # Um and then how about when it there was a song um when about the time you were in in high school or so called there's a tree in the or a type of some a tree and the starts with an "m" there's a bird called a lark. #1 What kind of a lark? A # 030: #2 No. # Interviewer: {X} Do you know the term? 030: Oh, the meadow lark? Interviewer: Sure. Yeah well then that so that that low lying grassland might be called a 030: Meadow lark. Interviewer: Or just a 030: A meadow. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And um a uh something you might have to dig if you're gonna drain water off a off the land 030: A trench. Interviewer: Okay. And then a narrow deep valley of a you know there's a stream running through a field or something and oh the land's very deep do you know what that might be called? 030: Um let me see. No. Let me see now. Uh a stream? Interviewer: Okay now something what would you call something a little larger than a stream? 030: I mean and it was a river? Interviewer: Alright and how about something something larger than a than a um uh larger than a a uh stream but smaller than a river? 030: {X} It's not a lake. I don't know. Interviewer: How about a creek or a branch? 030: Oh yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Which one of those? 030: Both of 'em probably if I was talking about it, I would say I would say don't go in the creek or in and the kids were playing in their branch go make 'em get out. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh okay so you use either one interchangeably, really or? # 030: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay um {NS} uh the um uh a channel cut by erosion in a field. Do you know what that's called a gul- 030: A gully? Interviewer: Yeah and what rivers are around Knoxville? rivers or streams? 030: Uh let me see like the Tennessee river I don't uh streams Interviewer: Mm-hmm they have names usually or? 030: I guess you know you mean like #1 when they go to the lakes to uh fish and all that? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: like at the dams and Interviewer: Yeah okay how about some different kinds of elevations of land something that 030: #1 Up a hill up a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah higher. # 030: #1 uh in the mountains and # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Anything between a hill and a mountain in height. A little higher than a than a hill. 030: Like a bank? Interviewer: Yeah, well on a door you might say the door handle or you might say the door? 030: Knob. Interviewer: Now do you know that word in relation to to a um hills? 030: Uh yeah up on the knob but I've heard of it, but I've always used it as a place where like uh you come by the kids would come by say you coming up on the knob tonight and you say yeah. #1 Are you coming up on the knob this evening we could you know something like that. Uh like a meeting place. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh now what was the knob is that a place? # 030: #1 Up just a place where you went. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Any place? # 030: Well no not really couldn't be any place because it would usually be up and away from everybody. We had one when I was a kid but we and we called it the knob. It was just a place that we went when we got everybody got through with their work. Your parents knew where you were. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: And you know you just went there I guess. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 030: #2 {NW} # Just a place. Interviewer: Okay Um it wasn't necessarily was it was it like a hill? 030: Yeah, you had to go up a hill. Interviewer: Where was that in relation to here? 030: Uh well see now like Um this is all on the east side so go like we used to go down on the bank by the river Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: and this is where the knob was. Interviewer: I see, right near the river. 030: Yeah, there was um you just #1 for us it wasn't very far maybe like two blocks or three blocks and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 030: #1 when you got through in the evening and uh maybe uh in the morning you slide off just do anything you want just just a morning slide. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 030: #1 We didn't have a park so we went up on the knob to play. # Interviewer: #2 I see. Okay. # Now um between the mountains you sometimes can see between two mountains you know there's a slight like a little cut in there what would you call that? 030: {NS} Um. {NS} #1 like mountains coming up on one side and then you look oh and say # Interviewer: #2 Yeah well this well I was thinking of well like uh # you know you might uh if you have uh if you're fiddling with a piece of wood you might cut a little? 030: Notch. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, have you ever used that in in you never use that in in relation to uh to uh # 030: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 to a place uh up in the mountains or something and a notch a notch up in the mountains? # 030: #2 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: Okay um if and if you were up in a um you might if you're up on a a uh mountain and there's a sharp faced put uh thing to drop. 030: A cliff? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Up the cliff. # Interviewer: Alright and the plural I'd say there are two? 030: Uh cliffs? Interviewer: #1 Alright and a place where ships stop and boats uh you know boats and ships stop and. Uh yeah. # 030: #2 At the dock? # Interviewer: And now I'd like just to tell me about the different kinds of roads there are in you know around here. 030: #1 You mean like dirt roads and gravel and uh bumpy roads concrete kind of you know things like # Interviewer: #2 Sure. Yeah. Okay. Well, # you said concrete and gravel and dirt what other kinds? That's the kind of thing I'm talking about exactly. 030: Well that's just about it. All the ones full of chuckholes. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh what would you call a a large road like western? How would you distinguish western and college? Now western is something bigger than college, so how would you? 030: Narrow. College is narrow, and western is wider, but it's Interviewer: Hmm. Well, see I meant something would you call that a more like a thoroughfare? Is this a side street or a or a? 030: Yeah. Uh uh you would say like Interviewer: A byway or a neighborhood road or something? 030: Yeah, and you would call this street college street is oh uh well I wouldn't call it well #1 I would say western is a busy street, so be careful. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. # 030: #1 And college street I just wouldn't worry about it. It's not too much traffic. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And then how about a small uh something like a road that comes up from the from the uh from the public road to the house? 030: Like an alley? Interviewer: You know, would that be in front? 030: #1 No, alley had to be was usually in the back of the house? # Interviewer: #2 Would you call that an alley? # Okay how about just something in front like 030: A driveway? Interviewer: Yeah, well a driveway you drive up, but how about something you walk up? 030: Oh. A pathway? Interviewer: Alright, that's fine. Now uh the place in the city when you're walking down you don't walk in the street usually, you walk on the 030: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Now, if you had grass between the sidewalk and the street. You know what I mean? You know that patch? 030: Like a on the ma- well you mean like on the mall we have here? Interviewer: #1 Well I mean like on some some and some some neighborhoods # 030: #2 On a boulevard? # Interviewer: #1 Now a boulevard is in the middle, isn't # 030: #2 Yeah. # #1 But uh if you have a sidewalk and then grass here, # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 030: you still call it the sidewalk. Interviewer: #1 Okay, you'd still just call it just call it part of the the walk is that # 030: #2 {NW} Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And a little something you might pick up and throw at a at a chase a dog away. You might 030: A rock? Interviewer: You say I 030: #1 Pitched a rock.. I threw a rock. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # And then uh if you went over to a friend's house and rang the bell and got no answer you say well I guess she isn't 030: Home. Interviewer: And now how do you how do you drink coff- some different ways of drinking coffee? You can drink coffee 030: Hot. Uh black. With cream with sugar. Interviewer: Alright. Now you said black. Is there any other way you might express that other than saying drinking black? Drinking it? 030: Straight. Interviewer: Alright how about without 030: #1 Without uh cream? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Did you ever hear that called drinking it barefoot or barefooted? 030: No. Interviewer: #1 Never did? That's {X} # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Black coffee. If you hadn't seen someone for a long time, you might come home and tell a friend guess who I ran 030: Into today. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you gave they gave the child the same name as the father they might say that we named the child 030: Junior? Interviewer: Or after. 030: #1 After. # Interviewer: #2 For or after probably. # 030: Yeah, for his father probably. Interviewer: Alright and a four legged animal that barks is a? 030: Dog. Interviewer: And a a call to a dog to attack another dog? 030: Is sic him. Interviewer: Okay and a dog of mixed breed you'd call that a? 030: Uh {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah or # 030: #2 A stray dog. # Interviewer: Any other name that 030: Mongrel. Interviewer: Alright, that'd be fine. How about a little dog that uh is a small yappy dog? Would you have a special name for 030: No, not really. Just a little dog. Interviewer: Okay and someone you'd say he was what by a dog? 030: #1 Bitten by a dog. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Did you ever use the expression dog bit? He was dog bit? Does that sound at all familiar or comfortable to you? 030: Um I've heard it. I've heard people say uh {D: the part} uh you know like I could go in for work and somebody say you know that uh #1 that boy right there that's the one that was dog bit going there. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: I've heard it. Interviewer: You've heard it you but it isn't uh you wouldn't use it? 030: No, not hardly. Interviewer: Okay. And a um the uh animal that you get milk from is a? 030: Cow? Interviewer: Yeah, and the male is called a? 030: A bull. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called any other name besides bull? 030: No. Interviewer: Alright, and if a cow is going to give birth to a young one, you'd say Daisy is going to 030: Let me see. What did they call that? Uh what they call a calving? Interviewer: Okay. Uh and the animal riding animal is called a? 030: A horse. Interviewer: And the plural. 030: Horses. Interviewer: And the female is called a? Female horse. You know the song well she used to be the old gray 030: Mare. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And a little boy is in bed and he fell? 030: Out. Interviewer: And something they pitch at stakes. A game. 030: Are horseshoes. Interviewer: And the horse wears these on his? 030: Feet. Interviewer: Or? 030: Uh hooves. Interviewer: Yeah, the singular is just one? 030: Hoof. Interviewer: Alright, and a the animal they get uh uh the the sheep you know what the male sheep is called? 030: #1 A male sheep. No. # Interviewer: #2 Male sheep. How about female sheep? # 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: And the stuff on the sheep's back? 030: Wool. Interviewer: And the animal they get pork from is a? 030: Pig. Interviewer: And the big one's called a? 030: Hog. Interviewer: Alright, and you know what the male is called? Uh you know what the female is called? 030: No. Interviewer: Okay, the things that a the big things that uh that an elephant has. Two big ivory? 030: Tusks. Interviewer: Alright, and the um just the singular would be just one? 030: Tusk. Interviewer: And the thing that a hog eats from is a? 030: Trough. Interviewer: Alright, two of those would be two? 030: Um #1 Troughs I guess. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. {X} # Uh now the on a um on a toothbrush those things are called? 030: Bristles. Interviewer: And to render a horse or bull or calf or cat or more sterile male, you'd say they're going to 030: Castrate 'em? Interviewer: Alright. Right. Now you know the name what they call the sound when the calf make the uh calf makes being weaned when a calf is weaned they call that or the sound a cow makes at feeding time. 030: Like isn't is it uh it's not bleating? Interviewer: No. 030: But I I don't know. Interviewer: Oh bleating. What would you associate bleating with? 030: Um um sheep or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. And a um a hen on an egg you'd call a? 030: A sitting hen. Interviewer: Sure, and the little thing that a a chicken lives in is a? 030: Chicken coop. Interviewer: And the bone that kids like to pull on is? 030: A wishbone. Interviewer: Yeah, did you have any any superstitions or games you used to play with the wishbone? 030: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember what they were? 030: You get the big end, and your wish will come true. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 You make a wish and pull it. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: It's uh Interviewer: Okay. And and do you have a name for the comp- comprehensive uh term you know for the edible insides of a pig or a calf? 030: Uh ch- like chitterlings? Interviewer: Now that would be just a hog 030: Guts. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Okay. # 030: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: Now um did you have a name for how about something liver and {X} 030: Onions? Interviewer: Yeah, how about liver and lights? Did you ever eat lights? 030: No. Interviewer: Never did. Okay, the time when the animals are given their food is called? 030: Feeding time. Interviewer: Alright, and to get you know how they call a cow in from the cows in from the pasture? 030: {NW} No. Interviewer: Or sheep or how they call in uh how they get a cow to stand still? It uh when they're milking? 030: Oh do do they feed her? Interviewer: Well, okay uh now the uh to get a horse started, they say? 030: Get up. Interviewer: And to get the horse to stop, they say 030: Whoa. Interviewer: And calls to pigs {X} 030: Call 'em? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And the thing you put on a horse if you're gonna take it out and drive it. 030: A harness? Interviewer: Alright, and the things you hold onto are called? 030: The reins. Interviewer: And the um things you put your feet in. 030: Stirrups. Interviewer: Do you know what you call the horse on the left in plowing? 030: #1 Call him on the left? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # The one that's on the left. The one that's walks in the furrow. {X} 030: Is he a lead horse? Interviewer: Oh that's right. Sure. Um and then if something isn't a cons- a very you know considerable distance away you say oh that's just a little? 030: #1 Uh just a short distance. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, and if it's a considerable distance you might say it's? # 030: A long way off. Interviewer: Alright and if something isn't hard to find someone's you know very concerned about finding some say that's nothing to worry about you can find that almost? 030: Anytime. Interviewer: Okay um and the things the trenches cut by a plow are called? 030: #1 The trenches that are cut by a plow? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: #1 Let me see. # Interviewer: #2 That you plant in. # 030: Uh rows? Interviewer: Okay or fur- 030: Furrows? Interviewer: Yeah, and say a farmer is very happy he says we were were raised a big of wheat, a big? 030: Crop. Interviewer: #1 Alright, and uh to get all the shrubs and trees off the land they might say they? # 030: #2 {NW} # Cleared it. Interviewer: Alright, and uh if uh the the grass and clover came up again, they might call that a they were to cut it again, they might call that a 030: {X} If you weeding it? #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 No, I was thinking of a second cutting or a volunteer crop. Do either one of those familiar to you? # Uh oh and wheat is harvested what they call what they tie them up in? 030: Bundles? Interviewer: Alright, and then maybe they take all the bundles and put them together and make a? 030: Stack. Interviewer: Alright, and then you have thirty-nine bushels of wheat and add you add thirty-ni- you had one bushel of wheat and you add thirty nine more, then you'd have forty 030: Bushels. Interviewer: Alright. And something that uh this was done to oats. They'd have to cut oats and then they'd have to thr- 030: Thresh 'em? Interviewer: Sure. Um and if you're talking in the distance from one place to another, you might say two miles this is the greatest distance you can go. You just can't go beyond you should say two miles is the I could go. 030: #1 As far as I could go. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if something belongs to me, you'd say it's? 030: Yours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to you, you'd say it's? 030: Mine. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them, you'd say it's? 030: Theirs. Interviewer: And if it belonged to uh, you'd say it's? 030: Ours. Interviewer: And if it belonged to him? 030: His. Interviewer: And to her? 030: Hers. Interviewer: And if you wanted to know when someone was coming back, you might say when are? 030: #1 Oh, when will you be back or when are you coming back? # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Now would you use that what if there were four people, and you were talking to all of 'em, what might you say? 030: Uh are you coming back or are you all coming back? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright, now uh would you ever say if you were talking about would you ever use the expression like you all's car? Y'all's car as in the {D: nifty} y'all's car and drive away or something like that? 030: No. Uh maybe. I don't know. I doubt it very seriously, but I might. Interviewer: Alright. Uh can you think of a situation in which you'd use it? 030: What you all Interviewer: You all's. You know, in the possessive. 030: Mm-mm. Uh maybe I would say you all come back to see me, but not about anybody's #1 you know no. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if you want to know everything a person said might you say what uh 030: What? I want to know everything what they said? Interviewer: Yeah, or might you ever say what all? 030: Uh, what did you talk about? Interviewer: Mm-hmm or what would you ever say what all did they say? 030: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Does that sound familiar? What all? # 030: Yeah. #1 I might would say well what all did she say or what all did they say or. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Okay. And uh a loaf a different kind now tell me about the different kinds of bread. Did your mother used to bake bread? 030: No. Interviewer: Alright. What kinds of bread did you was it all you get all your bread at the store? 030: #1 No well she made biscuits, but she didn't make loaves of bread. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Uh. # What kind of bread are made in loaves? Kinds of breads? 030: Well wheat, rye, pumpernickel. Interviewer: Okay, what other things did she make anything else with um with wheat flour besides biscuits? Or did she make the biscuits with corn meal? 030: #1 No, she made them with flour like cakes and # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 030: #1 stuff like that. # Interviewer: #2 Alright, yeah what uh what kinds did she make anything with corn meal at all? # 030: Corn bread. Interviewer: Alright, and how was that prepared? 030: #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: #1 in a skillet or did she have uh? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: Well, she could make it in corn pones or corn muffins. We had it all. Interviewer: #1 She had the skillet made what's it called when you had the skillet? # 030: #2 Yes, she made. Oh. # She cooked it. All of her corn bread was cooked in a heavy skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: She wouldn't cook it in anything else. Interviewer: Now did she did she ever cook uh any any did that skillet have legs on it? 030: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Was that normal by-? Alright, did she ever made anything that was kind of thin almost like a pancake? # With um 030: Corn meal? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: uh she used to make meat corn fritters. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 030: #2 {NW} # But this had corn in it. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: But it wasn't uh #1 she used to my grandmother used to make me Johnnycakes. I think that's what she called it or something. # Interviewer: #2 Yep, Johnnycakes. Okay, now now what were they like? # 030: They were just like a pancake only it was made out of corn meal and it was real thin. Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: Did um uh Did anybody ever make of course you didn't have a you don't you never had a regular wood fire place any anywhere did you? 030: No. Interviewer: Okay, did you ever make anything growing up the um um uh corn meal in like a little ball and dropping it into hot grease? 030: N- um {NW} no but I know uh I don't ever recall my mother doing it. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 030: #1 but I've had some of what you're talking about uh when you buy that um at the store. I mean when you buy it like # Interviewer: #2 What are they? # 030: What do they call it now? #1 I don't remember what you call- I can't think- Hush puppies. That's right. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} Okay, and if you bought bread at the store you I mean if you bought bread at at home, you'd call that # #1 homemade bread. If you bought it at the store, you'd call it # 030: #2 Homemade bread. # Light bread. Everybody did. Interviewer: Okay. 030: Get a loaf of light bread. Interviewer: And something that has a hole in the middle that you? 030: A donut? Interviewer: Yeah. And this was something like a Johnnycake except it was made with flour and maybe thinner and you put syrup and butter on it. 030: Uh like a hoecake or a pancake? Interviewer: Alright, now were hoecakes were were hoecakes different from Jonnycakes or was that the same thing? 030: It was almost the same thing and you know like if my grandmother made us hoecakes or Johnnycakes and pancakes, we ate it all with syrup. Interviewer: Now when she made when she made uh hoecakes would she use corn meal or or flour 030: #1 I don't really know. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Alright and if you had one pound of flour, add another say now I have two 030: Pounds. Interviewer: Alright and a uh the stuff that makes bread rise is called 030: Baking powder. Interviewer: And then sometimes it comes in a little cake. 030: Oh yeast? Interviewer: Yeah. And the center of an egg is called a? 030: Yolk. Interviewer: And the color of that is? 030: Or- uh Orange or yellow. Interviewer: #1 Sure, sure. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And then the uh uh if you drop eggs in water or um you broke the shell #1 And you drop 'em in boiled water. # 030: #2 You're gonna poach it. # Interviewer: Alright, now if you if you had it if you didn't break the shell then you'd have 030: Boiled eggs. Interviewer: And now this is some different kinds of of meat from a hog from the side of the hog. What do you call that that meat from the 030: Side meat? Interviewer: Yeah, and how about the meat that's up more on the back? 030: Um. I don't know. {C: laughing} Interviewer: You ever do you ever call it middling? You ever hear of middling meat? 030: I've heard it, but I don't know. Interviewer: Alright, how about the meat from the under part of the hog? 030: Side belly? Interviewer: Sure, great. Now this on the side of the hog what did you call that meat you called it a side? If you had a whole big side of bacon. #1 You know, what would you call that? Would you call that a middling, a slab, or a side? # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 A slab more than anything. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Did you ever have get bacon that way in those large pieces and you had to slice it yourself? 030: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay well bacon when it is that way, it has this hard crust on the outside. Do you know what that's called? # 030: #2 Uh. # Uh the rind. Interviewer: Exac- exactly. And then the uh and the stuff we're talking about is all different kinds of? 030: Meat. Interviewer: Or ba- 030: #1 Bacon. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 And the man who who cuts meat is called a # 030: #2 A butcher. # Interviewer: And hog meat a kind of pork that has seasoning in it that is um uh ground up and uh uh sometimes and usually fried. Do you know what that's called? 030: Sausage? Interviewer: Yeah, sure. And if meat is left out too long isn't refrigerated, you'd say the meat is? 030: Spoiled. Interviewer: #1 Alright, and now you of course you never had any any hogs around that you that you alright. # 030: #2 No. # Interviewer: Do you know what they what they call this stuff they make from the when they take the hog's head and boil it? And take the meat off the head and mix it up with a kind of of um jellied substance or vinegar and 030: Is uh. Wait a minute. Let's see. Is it hog head cheese? Interviewer: Sure, that's one. 030: Um but in the sau- uh sauce meat or they do it with Interviewer: #1 Exactly, that's right. Sauce meat. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 No do you do you have you eaten sauce meat? {X} You know? Alright, are they the same thing? Sauce meat and # 030: #2 Not homemade, but I made it {X}. # Interviewer: And um uh hog's head cheese. 030: Now I don't really and truly know because I I don't know. I they could be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. 030: Cause I've heard people talk about hog head cheese. Interviewer: Right. 030: #1 But I never seen anybody make it or to my knowledge ever seen # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Are are you familiar with any kind of sausage other than just pork sausage? 030: #1 Like smoked sausage? # Interviewer: #2 No, I mean something like anything made with liver. # 030: No. Interviewer: Or anything made with blood? 030: #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 Alright, are you familiar with liver pudding? # Or liver sausage? #1 Alright, the um # 030: #2 Mm-mm. # Interviewer: the corn meal in juice from the head cheese sometimes mixed in with um uh together they come up with 'em and then they fry it, then they call that? 030: {X} Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 030: #2 Say what now? I didn't understand you. # Interviewer: Okay, this is corn meal. 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Corn meal in the juice, you see. Mixed up in the juice from either hog cheese or hog head cheese or liver sausage or something like that and then it's taken out and fried. Have you ever heard of scrapple or {D: cornhash} or cripple? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay, you never heard of scrapple? 030: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay, that's fine. That's interesting. Now # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: butter that is that is left out too long gets? 030: Soft. Interviewer: Yeah, but if it if it so you can't eat it. If it 030: Rank? Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now how about milk as it's be- beginning to turn? What stages does it go through? 030: It clabbers. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 How about before it clabbers? # 030: #1 When it's sour? # Interviewer: #2 {X} Yeah, just before it's starting to get that way. Have you ever # have you ever heard the expression either blue john or blinky for milk? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Now when it gets close to clabber, then uh they sometimes make a cheese out of that You remember what they call that? 030: Cottage cheese? Interviewer: Right. 030: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And uh a deep dish apple thing? # 030: Pie. Interviewer: Yeah, you have an apple pie, but it's very deep and then they put in one layer of pastry and then put some apples over it and kind of build it up that way. You ever seen one of those? 030: Mm. Interviewer: You know what that's called? 030: Apple cobbler. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and a sweet liquid served with a pudding? 030: #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 It's # 030: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 030: Let me see. What did they call it? It's uh a sauce. Interviewer: Okay, fine. Now a little something that you might eat between regular meals. 030: Snack. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you might ask someone how many meals have you? 030: Eaten. Interviewer: And you say I 030: #1 Had three or I ate three eat one more # Interviewer: #2 Or # Yeah, and I will one more. 030: Eat one more. Interviewer: Okay. And now I'm gonna go over and what's um it's the dark liquid that you put cream and sugar in. I'm gonna go over and go over to the to the stove and 030: But oh make some coffee. Interviewer: Okay. Um now a uh if you were thirsty just wanted a drink you might go over and get yourself a? 030: Drink. Interviewer: Of? 030: Water. Interviewer: Yeah, and you but you'd get that usually in a? 030: Glass? Interviewer: Alright, and if you drop that on the ground, you'd say now the glass is? 030: Broken. Interviewer: And someone might ask you how many glasses of water have you? 030: Uh had? Interviewer: Or? 030: Drank. Interviewer: And you say well I three I 030: I had- I drank three. Interviewer: And I will? 030: Uh drink one more. Interviewer: Okay. If you had some friends over at the house and they'd come in and they they're standing around the table you might invite them you might just say go ahead and 030: #1 Eat, {X} uh sit down, have a seat. # Interviewer: #2 Or sit {X} yeah okay and then if now they're sitting down # and you start to pass the food around, you would have a? You might have a big bowl of potatoes and you pass that around, you might say to them? 030: Help yourself. Interviewer: Alright, and if you were at the table and someone said that to you, then you might go ahead and? 030: #1 Have some. # Interviewer: #2 And I help- # 030: Help myself. Interviewer: Yeah, you'd say yesterday I 030: Helped myself. Interviewer: Alright. And if you had you had a uh they had passed the dish over to you that you really didn't care much for you didn't like 030: #1 I'd say no thank you. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if um uh if you had a big roast on a Sunday and then you were gonna have the same thing on Monday, you'd say now today we're just having 030: Leftovers. Interviewer: Alright, and you put food in your mouth and you? 030: Eat? Interviewer: And you? 030: Chew? Interviewer: Yeah. Now if you have corn meal and mix that with milk or water and then boil it? 030: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. #1 And make- they sometimes they old people eat it and children eat it a lot of people # 030: #2 Oh oh um. Wait a minute, wait a minute. # #1 Oh, I've I've I've never eaten it but I heard of it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: It's mush. Interviewer: Right. 030: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 030: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh did you ever hear it called push? did your grandparents ever use that word push? 030: No. #1 I I had # Interviewer: #2 Push push or mush push. You've never heard that? # 030: Mm-mm. I heard 'em say make the baby some mush. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay, now uh beans and peas and corn are all different kinds of? 030: Vegetables. Interviewer: And you grow them out in a? 030: Garden. Interviewer: Alright. And coarsely ground corn is called? It's corn and it's white and sometimes they all 030: Hominy? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. What's that? # 030: #2 No, it's # Hominy. Interviewer: Yeah, and then what- sometimes when you eat it in a restaurant, you get it with eggs, for instance. They don't eat- they usually call it? 030: Um. {X} Interviewer: Oh, I'm sure how- they call it hominy gri- 030: Hominy grits. Interviewer: #1 Sure, yeah. # 030: #2 Y- yeah. # Interviewer: And this is a kind of vegetable. They're a kind of uh it's like a vegetable. It's white and you- They boil it. They boil it, it gets larger and kind of fluffy, and just often eat it with chicken. 030: Dumplings? Interviewer: Yeah, except this is something that grows in South Carolina down around the coast, and it 030: Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Tell me say what do you do with it now? Interviewer: Yeah. You you come dry in a package and you put it in water in boiling water and then it gets it expands and gets soft and fluffy and it's uh you eat it instead of potatoes usually you have this you don't have potatoes. 030: Rice? Interviewer: Sure. 030: #1 Yeah. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay, what was wrong with the way I described it? How would you have described it? # 030: I mean if you hadn't said like uh anything but that is #1 I mean if you hadn't said uh that it came in a small package, # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: #1 I maybe would have understood it better, but you were just making me believe it was just one thing you just use this # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: #1 One piece. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. I got you. Yeah, I see you're right. Sure, sure. That's good. # Okay, do you know any names for cheap whiskey or uh um uh or uh or a home brewed whiskey that #1 they- they frequently use? # 030: #2 Uh like splo? # White lightning. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: White whiskey. Interviewer: Yeah, what was the first one? 030: Splo. Interviewer: Splo? 030: Yeah. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Uh. Oh. Uh-huh. # 030: #2 Yeah. {NW} # That is a terrible drink. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 {NW} # People didn't drink splo or eel. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, what- # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Is that the is what's splo? Is that is that the 030: Uh, it's um I don't know what you w- how you I don't have any idea how it's even made but it's uh Interviewer: It's not the same thing as white lightning? 030: No. I mean well maybe it's a little worse than white lightning I would say. Interviewer: Do you know why it's called splo? #1 Cause it makes you 'splode. # 030: #2 {NW} # No, I don't know what uh no particular I've always heard of uh people that uh this is man's a splo drinker Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 030: #2 you know. # Well, really what it means is a bum. Interviewer: #1 Alright. Yeah. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Is that's a homemade brew, though? Bet it is, huh? # 030: #2 Yeah. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Okay, did you ever hear it called anything else other than white lightning or 030: #1 Well now there is a home brew that people make on their own but this is # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, right. # But I was thinking of something like pop skull or bust head or- have you ever heard any of those? 030: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if uh something now you were telling me before with what is that you put on pancakes? 030: Syrup. Interviewer: And the the thing that you um uh you use to um uh you might use jam or you might use? 030: Jelly. Interviewer: Alright. And then if something isn't artificial, you might say it's artificial or you might say it's just a real McCoy you know it's not made out of this isn't this isn't artificial leather. 030: Genuine. Interviewer: Right. And then if uh uh did you ever use the term long sweetening and short sweetening? Do those terms have any meaning to you? For kinds of sugar. Um if someone had some apples, and you wanted one, you might say to that person please give. 030: #1 Uh, give me an apple please. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # We're talking about some boys, and I sat these boys, and you say no 030: Those boys. Interviewer: Alright, and you're telling where uh where something is say it it's uh it's not it's it's right o- over 030: Over there. Interviewer: Alright. And if we're talking about uh uh a um I'd say which man uh owns uh owns the orchard, and you say he's the man. What would you say? He- 030: #1 Uh you like you would say which man # Interviewer: #2 I ask you I say to you which man owns the orchard, you point over there and say he's the man. # 030: I say that's the one. Interviewer: What? Now say the whole thing. That- 030: That's the one #1 over there. # Interviewer: #2 W- # Well, what? That's the one. 030: Over there that owns the orchard. Interviewer: #1 Okay. And I ask you # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: I might another question I might ask you I might ask you are y- are you a nurse, and you say no, I'm not a nurse, but I have a sister. 030: who's the nurse Interviewer: Alright. And what do you call the center of a cherry? 030: the center of a Interviewer: #1 Cherry. # 030: #2 what? # Interviewer: The part you can't eat. 030: Oh, the pit? Interviewer: Alright, and the center of a um of a peach. 030: It has a pit. Interviewer: Alright. 030: Or a peach seed. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Would you ever you but you wouldn't call it cherry seed, you'd call it cherry pit. # 030: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. Interviewer: Alright, and a the uh now these are two different kinds of peaches. One separates easily, and one does not separate easily #1 you know from the from the seed. # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: You have different names for for those? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Like a cling or a 030: No, I uh no I don't think so. Interviewer: #1 Or freestone or clingstone? # 030: #2 Yeah, I well I know about them, but # you know just like if you go buy a peach, you wouldn't uh usually here they don't have the different Interviewer: #1 I see. Okay. # 030: #2 types of. # Interviewer: Now, the center of an apple is called a? 030: Core. Interviewer: Alright, and what kinds of nuts uh are you familiar. What kind of nuts grow underground? 030: Peanuts. Interviewer: Alright, do you ever call them anything else? 030: Goobers. Interviewer: Okay, and these are nuts that grow up on uh trees. 030: Pecans. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, and another kind. # 030: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah, and these are these have a # 030: #2 Hazelnuts. # Interviewer: a hard covering and then they have a great big green kind of spongy covering over that. 030: Uh uh something like a- oh, a chestnut? Interviewer: Or black? 030: Walnut. Interviewer: Yeah, now what- what would you call that now the the uh what would you call a the outer covering of that? 030: The hull? Interviewer: Yeah, of the? 030: Walnut. Interviewer: #1 Alright, and then the the that's the hard cover is the hull. # 030: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: Now, what would you call that that? Do you have a name for that big soft covering or aren't you really #1 familiar with it? Not really, okay. # 030: #2 No. No. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #1 Now this is a kind of of a vegetable that uh or a fruit that grows in Florida and it's um uh # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: It's uh you make juice from it. 030: Like orange? Interviewer: Yeah. Now if you want you want to make some orange juice and and you walk to the um into the kitchen and looked around and you say well I'm gonna have to go to the store because the oranges are? 030: Gone? Interviewer: Yeah, we had some, but now the you might say the say the whole thing the oranges are 030: ha- have been eat- Interviewer: #1 Yeah, and the oranges are all # 030: #2 Somebody's ate 'em all up. # All gone. Interviewer: Alright, and these are little red vegetables #1 about that big. # 030: #2 Radish? # Interviewer: Yeah, the plural? 030: Radishes. Yeah, and these are larger red things that grow on vines. Interviewer: You put a stick in the ground and 030: Oh, tomatoes. Interviewer: Sure, and then um the uh the small ones are called. Do you have a name for the small ones that are about this big around? 030: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Small tomato? # #1 Uh salad tomatoes mostly. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # And then this is a kind of vegetable that grows underground. Uh, it's and you 030: Oh, potatoes? Interviewer: Sure, now what different kinds of these are there? 030: A white potato and a sweet potato. Interviewer: Do you ever call a sweet potato anything else besides just a sweet potato? 030: No, uh yams. I mean, but I don't call them that. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 I know if somebody say yams to me, I know what they mean. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Okay, and this is the kind of vegetable when you cut it it makes your eyes water. 030: Onion. Interviewer: Alright, and do you have a name for the small ones? 030: Uh. {NS} Oh. Yeah, but I can't think of wait a minute. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 030: #2 {NW} # Oh, what you go ones uh. I can't think of it. Interviewer: Well, would you ever use a term like spring onion or shallots or scallions? 030: Scallions and spring onions. Interviewer: #1 Okay, good. # 030: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: And now um what kinds of beans are there are you familiar with? 030: Um. You mean dried beans Interviewer: #1 Well, all kinds. # 030: #2 Or? # Interviewer: Just the general- generally I mean what are the beans that- yeah. 030: Green beans and dried beans? Interviewer: Okay. Now, what's the uh now what kinds of a when you're taking dried beans out of their covering you say you're going to? 030: Hull. Interviewer: Alright, and the uh what kinds of beans are there that fall into this category? 030: Uh, that's a pea. #1 and a pod, but you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. {X} # 030: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Well, beans are bigger, though. # 030: #1 That you hull? Yeah, um # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: {NW} Oh. {NS} I can't even think of it, but I know Interviewer: #1 Well. Okay, shell beans, shelly beans. Do you ever do you ever use the term sivvy beans? # 030: #2 Shell beans. Uh shelly beans. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 Are you familiar with sivvy beans or uh lima beans or butter beans? # 030: #2 No. # Interviewer: {NS} 030: Yeah, yeah. {C: background noise} Interviewer: Which of those? 030: Lima beans and uh butter beans. Interviewer: Okay. Now these other beans though that you don't shell those or you just- but you just- those are just called. 030: A string bean? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: A green bean. Interviewer: Alright. And then how about the edible tops of turnips? 030: Turnip greens? Interviewer: Yeah, and any other vegetables with the tops that you that you also eat the same way? Other than turnip greens. 030: I don't hardly think so. Interviewer: #1 Alright, how about the uh on an ear of corn? The thing you have to pull off. # 030: #2 Carrots. # The husk. Interviewer: Alright, and the um uh the uh. Um when you eat corn uh you're eating it that way you say you're eating corn. 030: On the cob. Interviewer: Alright, you ever call that anything else besides corn on the cob? 030: Oh. Interviewer: Roasting ears, have you ever heard that? 030: Yeah. But I thought a roasting ear was when you uh roast it on like on a r- on a {NW} um what do you call that thing? Interviewer: #1 A rotisserie? I see, but you've never you you never use you'd never call # 030: #2 Uh, yes, and. # Interviewer: #1 just any corn on the cob a roasting ear? Okay, that's good. That's what I # 030: #2 No. Uh-uh. # Interviewer: Now how about the the top of a corn stalk? That thing up at the top. 030: {X} Interviewer: Or a graduation cap. The thing that. 030: Oh, a tassel? Interviewer: Sure. 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And how corn's on a on an ear of corn that that stuff that you have. 030: Corn silk? Interviewer: Yeah. And the this is a kind of of a vegetable that grows out of the garden they're all different shapes some of them are long shaped like gourds #1 and the zucchini's one kind. Yeah. # 030: #2 A squash? # Interviewer: Uh, and then what kinds of melons are you familiar with? 030: Uh watermelons. #1 Honeydew. Cantaloupes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What different kinds of um of watermelons do you know of off-hand? 030: I don't know the names for 'em, but I just buy watermelon by the shape generally. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, now the uh these are little things that look like little umbrellas that grow out in the fields and people go out and pick them. 030: Daisies? Interviewer: #1 Yeah, well these you eat and then you slice them and eat them with steak, for example. They're shaped like little umbrellas. # 030: #2 Oh. Oh, mushrooms. # Interviewer: Sure, now do you know what the poison ones are called? 030: Um. Yeah, but let me think about it now. Mushroom. Toadstools. Interviewer: Okay, and if you had something stuck in your throat, you say I couldn't 030: Swallow. Interviewer: Alright. #1 And if uh say can you do this and you say no I # 030: #2 {NW} # Can't. Interviewer: And say I'm really tired because I what all day I 030: #1 Worked all day? # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um would you ever use done worked all day in any special kind of a situation? 030: Mm-mm. #1 Like. No, not. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # And if someone you think someone should do something you might say he ought to do it you say you know he ought to do that now if he if you don't think so you might say he. 030: He shouldn't. Interviewer: Shouldn't do it. Would you ever say he ought'nt hadn't ought to do that? 030: No, but I've heard it. Interviewer: Alright. I say will you do this and you say no I 030: Will not. Interviewer: No, I w- 030: No, I won't. Interviewer: And um I'd say could you do that, and you say well I. 030: Might or I could. Interviewer: Alright, would you ever say I might could? 030: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Might could do it. You wouldn't say that? # Okay um if someone you thought someone was going to help you but the person didn't help you you might say you'd say why now that person he can help me he what? 030: He might help me. Interviewer: Sure. Or might've helped me. 030: Might have. Yeah. Interviewer: Now um this is a kind of a bird that makes a hooting sound. 030: An owl. Interviewer: Yeah. And they there are two different now. How there's another kind that doesn't make a hooting sound. Do you know what that? 030: You mean like a night bird? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Or just a bird? # Interviewer: No, it's a it's a it's a kind of an owl, but now there's some owls hoot and some owls. 030: I don't know about that. Interviewer: #1 They're just all owls to you. Okay, alright. Now this is a kind of bird you see up in a tree and # 030: #2 {NW} Yeah. # Interviewer: pecks at the wood. 030: Woodpecker? Interviewer: Alright. And this is a kind of animal that has did you ever call a woodpecker anything else? Remember your grandparents calling it anything else? #1 Alright, and this is a kind of animal that has a white stripe down its back. # 030: #2 Mm-mm. # A skunk. Interviewer: Did you ever call that anything else? Alright, and troublesome animals or insects especially animals um any animals that uh that might bother people's chickens or gardens and so forth they sometimes call them? 030: {NS} A fox. Interviewer: Yeah, a fox. What kind exactly? Interviewer: In the time. Now you said uh just tell me once more who you are, I won't ask you again. 030: Uh. Interviewer: #1 I promise. # 030: #2 {NW} # Like a weasel or a snake or something. Interviewer: Okay. Now what do you call these um uh little animals that they run around and they climb up trees and they have bushy tails? 030: squirrels Interviewer: yeah and then um and are there any different kinds of these that you're familiar with? 030: uh n- n- only that I read flying squirrels Interviewer: alright 030: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Are they all the same color? # 030: I think one is a little darker than the other some of 'em are gray Interviewer: yeah 030: and some of 'em are brown Interviewer: okay um have you ever heard of a mountain boomer? 030: no Interviewer: alright uh what do you call these little ones that never get off the ground at all they just run around 030: I didn't even know there was any #1 kind # Interviewer: #2 Okay # like a chipmunk or a ground squirrel or a 030: a chipmunk I've heard of but not a ground squirrel Interviewer: alright and these things that have pearls in 'em when you open or break them open 030: oh oysters? Interviewer: yeah, and these things make a croaking sound they 030: frogs Interviewer: yeah and the uh the big ones that you find down along river banks or 030: uh call 'em {D: I think} uh uh they have a name for it but I don't know what it is is it a Interviewer: bull 030: bull frog but it Interviewer: and you know what the ones that always stay on the ground or on the land are called they never go in the water 030: no Interviewer: alright uh a toad 030: a toad frog yes Interviewer: or the little ones that after a rain sometimes you see great numbers of you ever seen those? 030: yeah um but I just still call 'em a frog I don't know Interviewer: okay and these things that are used for bait 030: uh like uh minnows Interviewer: yeah that's right and these other things you dig out of the ground 030: worms Interviewer: yeah do you have any special do you just call them generally worms or do you have special 030: no just worms Interviewer: okay and the um uh things with the hard shell 030: a turtle? Interviewer: yeah and the ones now are those in water or on land 030: uh in water and land i guess Interviewer: Okay, you don't have any special names for 030: {NW} Interviewer: and how about these things that see 'em in creeks branches where they crawl backwards 030: uh crayfish or Interviewer: Yeah. 030: crawfish Interviewer: Do you ever call 'em anything else? That's what I, exactly what I mean 030: no. Interviewer: These things that fly around a candle. 030: Uh uh gnats? Interviewer: These are bigger. 030: Um moths. Interviewer: Yeah and just one would be called one 030: Um a moth. #1 I think that's what they called. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And these things that light up? 030: Lightning bugs. Interviewer: And these have long filmy wings and they fly around close to the 030: On wa- over water? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: I've seen 'em but I don't really know what they are. Interviewer: Well, have you ever heard of the, of any these terms? {NW} uh a dragonfly 030: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Or a # 030: I've heard of a dragonfly. Interviewer: Have you ever seen one? 030: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Have you ever heard them call it anything like a snake doctor or a 030: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 snake feeder or # mosquito hawk? 030: #1 Snake doctor I've heard of. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Snake doctor? Okay. # I- is that what your your grandparents might have called 'em you think or? 030: Uh my grandfather I'm sure. Interviewer: Called it a snake doctor. 030: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh Uh the um uh um Could you name some different kinds of stinging insects? 030: Like mosquitoes Interviewer: mm-hmm 030: um Interviewer: Well the mosquitoes are fairly gentle compared to some of these other ones. 030: Oh um yellow jackets and bumble bees and bees Interviewer: And big brown what? wa- was- 030: Oh a wasp. Interviewer: Yeah. And now what would the plural of that be? 030: um Interviewer: Then what would the singular be 030: A wasp I guess. Interviewer: The plural would be the same thing? 030: Yeah to me I Interviewer: Okay. um and then these if you're walking around in the in the Have you ever seen the nests that any of these make? 030: Um {NW} yeah But I'm trying to think of what it was that made a nest over on my back porch, I know What do you call them? um Interviewer: um what? 030: Yeah. Interviewer: Was it a kind of dauper or dauber? 030: A dauber I guess. But this uh I've seen a mud dauber I seen this in the country. Interviewer: yeah. 030: Because this was in the house. Uh they make them in the house and any- everywhere. Interviewer: {X} 030: But the one what I was talking about they made this out on my back porch and it they don't make in the house. Interviewer: Ah I see. Okay. And how about these uh um What was that nest like? 030: Um hornets. that's what they were. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: I guess that what they call 'em. Interviewer: They sting though. 030: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 030: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 030: #2 Very much. # Interviewer: The um now this is a kind of a bug you're walking out in the woods it gets under your skin. They dig into your skin. 030: Um chiggers. Interviewer: Yeah. Right. And then these things you're walking along in the grass you see them jump up all of the sudden. 030: Uh grasshopper? Interviewer: Sure. And then uh a nest wi- a the spider weaves. 030: A web? Interviewer: Yeah. and it okay would you call it the same thing indoors or out? 030: What, a spider web? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Uh # Yeah. Interviewer: And then the parts of a tree that go underground. 030: The roots? Interviewer: Alright, and what kinds of trees grow around here? 030: well, magnolia um some oak i guess. uh some elm just I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. how about one that has a long it's a big gray tree with long kind of 030: A weeping willow? Interviewer: Yeah how about sycam-? 030: Sycamore? I yeah we have some of them. Interviewer: And George Washington chopped down a? 030: Cherry tree. Interviewer: And the kind of a did you ever hear of a shoemake's or shoemaker or a sumac? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: That's kind of a bush. How about something you get a rash from? 030: um ivy. poison ivy and poison oak. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know uh how they differ? From one another? 030: No, um not really. Interviewer: Okay so different kinds of berries. 030: {NW} like blackberries and mulberries and uh let's see, strawberries but there's one kind that that's a poison berry but I can't think of the name Pokeberry. Interviewer: Okay that's poisonous. 030: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh and then uh this is the you mentioned magnolia before and how about something similar to magnolia that starts with an R, a ro- rotor. 030: A ro- rodinia? Interviewer: Rhododendron. 030: Rhododendron. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh or a mount laurel, are you familiar with that? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: uh if a you're speaking about the man you're married to you might say, I must as my 030: Husband. Interviewer: And he might say I must ask my 030: Wife. Interviewer: And a woman uh whose husband is dead is a 030: Widow. Interviewer: And they uh uh those people that raised you, they were your 030: Uh grandparents. Interviewer: Yeah or your 030: Parents. Interviewer: Yeah and they were, the male was your? 030: grand- uh uh father. Interviewer: And the female? 030: My mother. Interviewer: And what did you call your father when you were a little girl? 030: Daddy. Interviewer: And your mother? 030: M-mama. Interviewer: Did you always call her the same thing as you grew up or did you? 030: N-no we've changed since my children grew up we call my mother now we call her Bertha. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What what do your children call you? 030: Cokey. Interviewer: Are they? Okay and how how come? Why? 030: That's my nickname. Everybody calls me Cokey and they've always. And I tried real early to get them to call me mama but they never did. Interviewer: What- what is- why Cokey? What's what's the uh is there? 030: I guess because Secolia is so hard to remember, I don't know. Ever since I can remember they've always called me Cokey. Interviewer: How do you spell your name? 030: S-E-C-O-L-I-A. Interviewer: Uh-huh got it. What was your maiden name? 030: Freeman. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what was your mother's maiden name? 030: Chamberlain. Interviewer: And your grandmother? uh. 030: I don't remember. um. And I've heard it any number of times. Mm. I can't think of it. Interviewer: Wha- uh what did you call your grandfather? 030: Grandpa. Interviewer: And your grandmother? 030: I've always called her grandmother. Interviewer: And when you speak about your own offspring, you call them your? 030: Kids. Interviewer: Do you ever call them anything else? 030: My children. Interviewer: Alright. And you have a uh um a like a name that they give a child. they call that a 030: Nickname. Interviewer: Yeah. or like a pet- Did you ever hear the term like a basket name or a pet name? 030: Now pet name yes. Interviewer: And the thing you put a baby in when you take it out for a walk? 030: Um, stroller? or either a carriage. Interviewer: Yes. Are those two different things? 030: Yeah they're two different things. The stroller is one the baby sit in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: It used to that, you know, they didn't lay back. Now they have strollers with the back let down so people put the younger babies in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: And um Then in um um Carriage you know that's what the baby just a laid when they was real small. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Now if you take a baby out, you say you're going to go out and 030: Walk the baby? Interviewer: Alright. And uh your female offspring is your 030: Daughter. Interviewer: And she's not a boy but a 030: Girl. Interviewer: And when uh uh when a woman is going to have a baby, you say she's 030: Pregnant. Interviewer: Now have are there any any slang expressions? 030: Expecting. Interviewer: Any others that you can think of? 030: No. Interviewer: Alright. And a woman who who not a, I'm not talking about a registered nurse now. I'm talking about somebody who just happens to live in the neighborhood who might assist in the birth of a child. 030: um oh I know it. This is good cause my grandmother is one. She was um Interviewer: Mid- 030: Midwife. Interviewer: Okay. Did they ever call a well not was your grandmother really {X} but I was gonna say the. Do you know the expression a granny woman? or a gra- used in the expression they sometimes call midwives grannies. 030: Yeah. Interviewer: So but uh I mean, did any of the people in your in the neighborhood where your grandmother lived who weren't related to her call her granny? 030: Yeah. {NW} um Yeah, they, a lot of 'em called her granny. Interviewer: And, was that, do you think, was it because of her age more of because she was a midwife? 030: I, I guess I always just took it for granted that it was because of her age. I didn't Interviewer: Okay. And if a boy has facial features quite like his 030: {NW} Interviewer: Father's, you might say that boy 030: uh looked like his father. Interviewer: Alright. And if he behaves the way his father does, you say he's 030: The spitting image of his father. Interviewer: And if folks say that woman had a hard life. All by herself, seven children. she 030: Raised seven children. Interviewer: Okay. And a child born out of wedlock is called a 030: A illegitimate child. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any other uh slang expressions? 030: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Bastards. Uh. # Interviewer: Okay, but now have you ever heard anything any Have you ever heard like a wood's cold or a Sunday baby or volunteer baby or any one of those? 030: No. Interviewer: Okay. And your sis- your relationship to your say your sister's son would be your 030: Uh my nephew. Interviewer: yeah. And a child both of whose parent's are dead would be a 030: Orphan. Interviewer: Yeah. And if the court had to appoint somebody, that person would be a 030: A foster. Interviewer: Or adopt 030: A- a adopted parent. Interviewer: Or a guar- 030: Godfather? Interviewer: A guard- 030: A guardian. Interviewer: Yeah that's it. and then um And all of the people related to you. you call them your 030: relatives. Interviewer: And if and if a person was was not related to you, you'd say well he's no 030: Kin to me. Interviewer: Alright. And the mother of Jesus, her name was 030: Mary. Interviewer: And uh George Washington's wife's name was 030: Martha. Interviewer: Yeah. And and if a girl's name was Eleanor, they might call her 030: Ellie. Interviewer: Or. Yeah. 030: Net- uh Nettie? I don't know. Interviewer: Sure. And a boy's name was William, they might call him 030: Bill. Interviewer: Or a little boy, they might call 030: Jim. Interviewer: Or Bill- 030: Billy. Interviewer: Yeah. And the first book of the new testament is 030: Genesis? Interviewer: Matt- 030: Matthew. Interviewer: Yeah. And if- if there was a man in the neighborhood who is a a part-time uh, untrained preacher. What might they call him? 030: A called preacher? or somebody called to preach? Interviewer: Uh yeah. Well I meant a- like a Have you ever heard the term for especially one who has no no no training at all but he's a 030: {NW} What they call a jack leg preacher? Interviewer: Yeah. Now what does a jack leg preacher mean to you? 030: A man who says one thing and does another. Interviewer: I see. So it's a hypocrite. 030: Yes. To me he well you when I would speak of a jack leg preacher it would, I would mean that I didn't wouldn't believe them. Interviewer: uh-huh. Would you, do you ever use the term hypocrite? Or, or not? 030: Sometimes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But uh but. I mean a jack leg preacher is one. Would you ever use a jack leg for any other person in any other profession? 030: Doctors. I mean yeah, you know some people say that if I don't have um Well yeah, just about anybody like if he was um uh supposed to be a plumber but he wasn't I mean, what I mean he wasn't in the union or Interviewer: I see. 030: I would call him jack leg. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you call him a jack leg plumber or just a jack leg? {X} 030: Um. Probably I'd call him jack leg. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: You know like, if uh he would want to charge me as much as a regular Interviewer: I see. 030: plumber would I'd tell him no. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: But it's also somebody you you don't have confidence in. 030: Not too much, right. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Good. Now, um, were there, now you mentioned a plumber and a doctor are there any others any other kinds of occupations that you can think of? 030: Lawyers. Yes. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Yeah. I don't. {NW} Interviewer: You think of jack leg lawyers. 030: Yes. Interviewer: uh-huh. Okay, good. um. Now a man, the highest rank in the army would be a 030: A colonel? Interviewer: Higher than that even. 030: um. Major. Interviewer: Well, like, um 030: uh Interviewer: uh. A like MacArthur was like a or Eisenhower 030: Yeah, what were they? Interviewer: Gen- 030: Generals. Interviewer: Sure. Alright. And then, how about if a person is on a team you know, like on a basketball team they appoint one person as a 030: Captain. Interviewer: Yeah, now was, is, was that, you ever, is that word ever used in another, in another sense? 030: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Where they call # Where they they might call somebody cap or captain? 030: yeah I I've heard it used as a like uh the head of a house you know I've heard people call their husband ask the captain #1 things like that. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. Okay, yeah. # Okay, good. now, a man who presides over a trial would be a 030: a judge Interviewer: Okay, and a, and a person going to school would be a 030: Student. Interviewer: Now would you use the same thing if they were going to elementary school? Like in the first grade? 030: Yeah, if it just uh if he just started to school he was a stud- he would be a student. Interviewer: Okay, and a, and a woman who takes dictation, you call her a 030: A secretary. Interviewer: Alright, and the members of the Knoxville city government are called the 030: Council. Interviewer: Alright, and those men are called the 030: City father. Interviewer: #1 Um # 030: #2 Yeah. # Councilmen. Interviewer: Alright. now the, and speaking of your nationality, you say, I'm 030: A negro. Interviewer: Yeah, or 030: Or I'm American. Interviewer: Now, what other terms are there besides negro that 030: Uh, usually just black. You know, like, I'm a black person. Interviewer: Yeah. now what other terms are there and I'd like to know how you react to them? And how you, what different terms you've heard? 030: #1 Yeah, and how I would feel about? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah right. # exactly. 030: Um like uh a friend of mine could come in and say hey nigga whatcha doing, but I couldn't accept it from you. Interviewer: Right, okay. Sure. Oh. 030: #1 And even though I would consider you my friend, I would just rather you wouldn't. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # Okay, right. Alright, yeah. Now, but how about other terms besides? 030: #1 besides the # Interviewer: #2 uh um # 030: I might would, i might would say uh I'm colored. Interviewer: How do you feel about that exp- that? 030: #1 I can say it, but I don't want it- I don't wanna hear it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # #1 I see. # 030: #2 Not really. # Interviewer: I see. Now, but I mean when you say it, do you say it in kind of a joking way? In the same way that, that you might? In other words, nigger and colored are pretty close? 030: Yeah, and you say this um it's just a joking word, you know and when people get, when you're angry with somebody. You know like, if you call them all nigger, well that you angry Interviewer: #1 yeah # 030: #2 then 'cause # you know this is not an acceptable word. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: And it's the tone of voice that makes the difference. Interviewer: I see. now are there any other terms? That, that's very interesting about colored because it depends, that's a generation difference. 030: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 because people # who are in their seventies for example, as a rule, don't mind that. 030: No, not really. Interviewer: And they, and some of them object to being called black. 030: #1 Really. They really object to it. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: They don't have to be in their seventies. They can be in their fifties. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 030: #2 And they # resent being called black. Interviewer: How do you feel about the term black? 030: I accept it. It's alright with me. Interviewer: Yeah. Well it's weird that the counter of something you're going to use the term white. 030: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Is that uh? That # That's a silly term. 030: #1 Who's white? I mean nobody's white. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Yeah, uh-huh. # And nobody's black. 030: #1 no, I # Interviewer: #2 {X} best # I, I understand that. But, how how about some other a- abusive terms. That, that really, terms that you've heard, that, that racial slurs. That uh 030: You mean in the black race? Interviewer: Well, yeah, well that people would use. Uh, members of the black race. Especially people, especially might be used by whites. 030: Oh, like spook, or Interviewer: Yeah. 030: a booger or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah, have you heard any others? That's the kind of thing I meant. 030: None of 'em say- I don't hardly think so. Don't there are very too many more. Interviewer: Alright, how about the terms for whites now? 030: Oh, like uh, a cracker, or redneck. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: And things like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Now you know the term, we talked about this bird that gets up in the tree and 030: #1 Peck. A woodpecker. A pecker. Yeah, # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah, and have you heard words being? # 030: I've heard 'em call. I heard people call 'em old white peckers and Interviewer: Okay, now how about uh, um, any other terms that, that you can think of? 030: Now let me see Well generally I think uh A hoosier or a and uh seem to me like um the white race resents like if you call one old uh farmer, country farmer something he don't like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: I mean cause I don't like the other words either. Interviewer: #1 Right, sure. But now you said # 030: #2 I {NW}. # Interviewer: A hoosier now would that be? Would that be used for any white person uh or? 030: Uh if you are- if you're using it in a uh trying to #1 really hurt somebody or say something nasty. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Yeah, yeah. # 030: #2 about somebody. # Interviewer: So, I mean you might use that, I mean hoosier could be used just as nigger might be used. 030: Yeah, mm-hmm. Yeah. Interviewer: As- is this a general term and it wouldn't have to be a uh because now the uh. The other thing I want to ask you about is the How about the, well the most common term in the, especially in the, in the uh yeah among black militants. Like, like um What's his name? Rev Brown. 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: what the and the and Stokely Carmichael. What term did they use all the time? for whites? 030: #1 uh... let me think. # Interviewer: #2 Sure you're familiar with it. # 030: What is it? Pig? Interviewer: Hon-, well 030: #1 Honkies yeah, the honkies. # Interviewer: #2 that's {X} # yeah, yeah is pig used across the board or strictly for police? 030: Strictly for police. Interviewer: #1 Okay, okay. # 030: #2 it's not across the board. # And it means any- anybody in a uniform. Interviewer: Okay. 030: {X} That word has no color. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Okay now the # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the uh now you mentioned, almost all the terms you mentioned it's interesting that you mentioned, a lot of the terms that you mentioned are terms for that are frequently used for rustics or farmers like a um, a uh, uh, a cracker and a peck and a uh and a hoosier Are there any other terms for people out in the country that you might use? 030: No. Not that I think of. Well, I mean, not for me, because like I said, I don't like to use any terms don't even like Interviewer: #1 Right. Okay. # 030: #2 them, being used. # Interviewer: But I'm interes-, you see, what I'm interested in and the reason we're interested in this is because it really does give us an insight into the way the uh, the way people think. And the way you know the way Now what I'm get- Do you have any preference whatsoever between negro and black? 030: uh no. I would- either one of those. Interviewer: You don't- you don't- you don't regard negro as in any way Uh mean some young kids 030: Yea- oh yes. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: But you see uh when I was coming along Interviewer: Yeah. 030: you were a negro #1 you know, this is what you were. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah, yeah. # 030: #1 And now uh times have changed and it's not a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: negro anymore it's #1 a black or I'm an African you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: #1 You could- they would say this rather than say negro because. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. # Well how about the term like Afro-American? 030: #1 Oh that's another real acceptable word. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Okay do you use that? 030: No, I don't feel like I'm an Afro-American. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Okay. Okay uh. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: The um uh. It was- I would say it was #1 You know do your uh # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: for a while that's exactly right. Now they um If if you wanted to um uh uh the um uh uh somebody was rushing you. you might say take it easy just just 030: Uh slow down a minute. #1 Uh hold up a minute. # Interviewer: #2 just a would you ever say just a? # 030: Just a minute. Interviewer: Yeah, and if you want to know the distance from here to to to uh oh uh Morristown you might ask someone how 030: How far is it from here to Morristown? Interviewer: And if you were scolding a child might you ever say now just look? 030: Just look a here a minute. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Or just wait a minute. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Yes, I Interviewer: Okay and if you want to know the number of times a person goes to Morristown every week you might say how? 030: How many times Interviewer: #1 do you go to Morristown? # 030: #2 yeah or how oft- # how often do you go? Interviewer: Alright. And I say I don't uh I really uh don't go up there much at all. And you agree with them. You say? Do I. I don't go up there. I don't. I'm not going to go I'm not going to go up there today. You say I'm not 030: Either. Interviewer: Alright and this is my 030: {NW} uh uh forehead? Interviewer: Yeah, and uh this up here is? 030: My head. Interviewer: And this is? 030: My hair. Interviewer: And if I grow what? 030: Beard. Interviewer: And this is my? 030: Ear. Interviewer: And which one 030: #1 You mean which one i- # Interviewer: #2 Which oh yeah I want you to say both # 030: Oh left or right. Interviewer: This bit. 030: This is my uh right ear. Interviewer: And the other is your? 030: My left ear. Interviewer: okay and this is my? 030: Mouth. Interviewer: And this is my? 030: Neck. Interviewer: And right in the part? 030: Is uh Interviewer: Might have a sore 030: Throat. Interviewer: And then this thing right here is a? 030: A goozle. Interviewer: #1 Okay uh and this is one? # 030: #2 {NW} # Tooth. Interviewer: And two? 030: Teeth. Interviewer: And above the teeth are the? 030: Gums. Interviewer: And this is the what of my hand? 030: Palm. Interviewer: And I make a? 030: Fist. Interviewer: Two? 030: Fists. Interviewer: And then the this is my? 030: Elbow. Interviewer: You take elbow wrist and shoulder and you say I have pains in the? 030: #1 In all of? # Interviewer: #2 My joints. # Yeah, exactly. And this is my? 030: Chest. Interviewer: And sometimes it's called a? 030: The breast? Interviewer: Yeah do you ever hear? What about that in a man? Is that? Is that uh? 030: N- I mean if I heard it I wouldn't Interviewer: #1 You'd think of it? Yeah. # 030: #2 I- I would think of it as being strange. # Interviewer: Well it's- it's old-fashioned. 030: #1 It is. # Interviewer: #2 That's oh sure I'm sure. # I talked to a man this morning uh seventy-one year-old man {X} for for a man. 030: Oh. Interviewer: But it it is that is a change. Now these are my? 030: Shoulder-blades. Interviewer: Yeah and or just my two? 030: Shoulders. Interviewer: Yeah and uh this is one? 030: Hand. Interviewer: Two? 030: Hands. Interviewer: And if um uh if a person if a person is right hand you say he's right-handed and the other way you'd say he's? 030: Left-handed. Interviewer: Any other terms for that that you can think of? Nicknames or expressions? 030: Uh there's the child of the devil. #1 {NW} I've heard I've heard that. Oh. # Interviewer: #2 Is there anything else? # 030: Uh let me see what else did I hear? #1 That you when you're left-handed you owe the devil something. Something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # I see. I see. Now this is my? 030: Leg. Interviewer: Yeah and at the bottom of the leg is a? 030: A foot. Interviewer: Yeah two? 030: Feet. Interviewer: And this. If you kick her you kick in the? 030: Shin. Interviewer: Yeah and if you sit down on the backs of your legs like this you're sitting down on your? 030: Thighs. Interviewer: Or your hu-? 030: On your- on your um What is it? Uh the hunch? Interviewer: #1 Uh hunches? # 030: #2 Yeah hunkers. # A hunkers is a Interviewer: Yeah well that- that was the word I was thinking about before was honky. 030: #1 Yeah a hunky. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Or hunky. # And then if uh if a person a man was able to lift up the back of a huge wagon by himself you might say he's really? 030: Strong. Interviewer: Would you ever use stout in that in that sense? 030: I've heard it used in that sense, but I wouldn't you know. Interviewer: And what does common mean? In terms of people. You're talking about people being common. 030: Well when they say a common person is one that uh always out somewhere doing you know {NW} um let me see how I can ma- if like if this room was full of people and maybe it was one boy that would come in that would talk loud you know make himself known over everybody. Where if nobody was really paying him any attention then I would call him he's too common. Interviewer: #1 He's common I see. So common then if a person # 030: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: if you say a person is common that is not a Uh that's not a compliment. 030: No. And then and another. No it's not a compliment ever I don't think. Interviewer: I see. okay. What's the other way you were thinking of? 030: Uh you can get like you know get too familiar with somebody and they call it being too common with someone. Interviewer: Okay I see. Now if a a an older woman gets you know she's up in her eighties or something and she still gets around you say she's really what for her age? 030: Spry. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 For her age. # Interviewer: Do you ever used the term piert? 030: No, but I've heard it. Interviewer: Okay. And if a a child says he wants the light on at night because he's what of the dark? 030: Afraid of the dark. \: Alright and another word a child might say I'm? 030: Scared of the dark. Interviewer: And um A person might say you used to be afraid the person says no I didn't. 030: #1 Used to be afraid. # Interviewer: #2 Say the whole thing. That's right. # 030: I used to I know I didn't used to be afraid. Interviewer: Alright and if a person isn't careful you'd say he's? 030: Careless. Interviewer: Yeah and if someone is very strange you might say he's what kind of a person? He's a? 030: Strange? Interviewer: Yeah. Other words that's the idea a person is just very- a You might say odd. or? 030: Yeah I might say odd or I've heard I've heard people say well you know he's kind of off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: Simply because of he doesn't act or conform. Interviewer: Right so how about the word queer? 030: Yeah I've heard well I've heard it used. Interviewer: Heard what now? 030: Queer. Interviewer: #1 The word queer used. # 030: #2 Alright. # In more than one sense you know like they s- um. One- a man can be queer and that's a disgrace to him. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: And then a man can be queer and he can be a he can have a mental problem. Interviewer: Alright but you mean but the first way you mean a disgrace- you mean a homosexual? 030: #1 Yeah. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. Now. # Now would because of that what I'm getting at is because of that would you avoid using the word queer? 030: #1 Yes. I would. Mm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 You- you- you hesitate to say somebody was queer for that reason. # 030: #1 Yes because somebody'd misunderstood. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Okay and uh if a person you'd tried to explain something to someone and you just can't get it across to them no matter how you tried to to give them all the evidence they would possibly need but he still won't change his mind you might say don't be so? 030: Stubborn. Interviewer: Okay and if a person is easily offended you might he's awfully? 030: Um. Tenderhearted? Or. I don't know. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 030: #2 If he's easily # Easily offended? Touchy. Interviewer: Yeah that'd be fine. And a person who was touchy when you you tease them you say he got awfully? 030: Angry or upset. Interviewer: Um and a person who gets that way might I say to them just keep? 030: Calm. Interviewer: Alright. And if a person is uh uh worked all day says I'm really? 030: Tired. Interviewer: I'm all? 030: I'm wore out. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And a person who went out without enough clothes on in the winter might come in and have the stifles and say now you've gone and? 030: Uh caught a cold. Interviewer: Alright and talks like this you'd say he's? 030: Hoarse. Interviewer: Um and he has a {NW} 030: Cough. Interviewer: And a doctor might then bring some uh medicine and he looks at the bottle and might say to you haven't you? 030: Taken any of this. Interviewer: You say yes I? yesterday I? 030: I took some yesterday. Interviewer: And I will tomorrow. 030: I will take some tomorrow. Interviewer: And if a person can't hear you say he's? 030: Deaf. Interviewer: And if a a person works out in the hot sun all day and his clothing gets wet you say he yesterday he really? 030: Uh Perspired or sweat. Interviewer: Okay. And a large discharging sore that's very sensitive tender you know? 030: Yeah it's a a sore? Interviewer: Yeah. Well have ever use the term a boil? 030: Oh yeah. I've heard have having a boil. Interviewer: What's in a boil? What do you call that stuff that? 030: Uh pus. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Now the if a person is shot uh someone uses a gun and shoots someone you say that he suffered a bullet? 030: Wound. Interviewer: And have you ever? Have you ever seen a wound that didn't heal right and it gets a like a crust around the edge and it kind of stands up? 030: Yeah a infection? Interviewer: Well I mean proud. Have you ever heard proud flesh? 030: No. Interviewer: Never heard of that okay. That's an old-fashioned one. The um the uh something that when you were a child they used to use it all the time for to put on to prevent infection in a cut it burned it wasn't like a cure from this stuff burned. 030: Iodine. Interviewer: Yeah. And if a person is a uh he is alive today but yesterday he? 030: Uh you mean dead? Interviewer: Yeah and he- and so yesterday he? 030: Died. Interviewer: Yeah and you might not want to say the word die to a to a close relative of the person you might say I'm so sorry to hear that he? 030: Passed away. Interviewer: Alright any crude terms that you might have used when you were a child that they used to say about the old man? 030: The old man died or the dropped dead or something like that. Interviewer: okay and if you don't know the cause of death you might say I don't know what he died? 030: Of. Interviewer: Alright and the place where a person is buried is a? 030: Cemetery. Interviewer: And the- the thing the person is buried in is a? 030: Is a cast- casket. Interviewer: #1 Alright say that again. # 030: #2 {NW} # Casket. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and the uh and the uh the uh ceremony that they have after when they when they're going to bury someone is called a? 030: Funeral. Interviewer: Alright and if the family wears black you'd say they're in? 030: Mourning. Interviewer: Yeah and if a someone's troubled about something say everything will be alright don't? 030: Worry. Interviewer: And if a person has pains in their joints you might say he has? 030: Arthritis. Interviewer: Alright and uh this was a disease that was caused it's in the throat usually centered in the throat. Di-? 030: Diphtheria. Interviewer: Yeah, and this is something that causes yellowing of the uh the eyes. Yellow. 030: Yellow fever? Interviewer: Yellow j-? 030: Yellow jaundice. Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah, and you get a pain down the right side that might be a? Getting an attack of? 030: Appendicitis. Interviewer: And a person can't keep food down you might say he? 030: Uh threw up. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Or uh # vomit. Interviewer: Alright what's the difference between throw up and vomit? I mean in terms of crudeness which is cruder? In your mind. 030: Um I'd rather not say vomit. Interviewer: Alright you think throw up? 030: #1 Yeah or wa- was nauseated. I would rather say that either way. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. Okay. # How about but you think throw up is less is less offensive? 030: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 than vomit? # Okay and if he's you might the person who was that way you'd say he was sick? 030: At the stomach. Interviewer: Alright. 030: Sick on his stomach. Interviewer: Okay and if a young man is seeing a lot of a girl you might say he is? 030: Courting? Interviewer: Yeah and she is his 030: Girlfriend. Interviewer: And he is her? 030: Boyfriend. Interviewer: Okay. And if they were planning to get married and then suddenly uh she changed her mind you might say she? 030: Jolted him. Interviewer: Okay and but if she didn't they went ahead and got? 030: Married. Interviewer: Now a noisy serenade after a wedding, what's that called? 030: A noisy? Interviewer: Yeah just a a um 030: You mean when they're leaving the church? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Something like Interviewer: Maybe I'm- They used to do this especially up in the mountains they'd do things yeah you might not be familiar with that but they do they do all kinds of of things to the bride and groom to they'd run them around on a rail and all kinds of stuff. But now that but now they but what what do you think of after a wedding? if if anything. Do you think of any kind of 030: #1 a celebration. Sure. Sure. # Interviewer: #2 Like a reception? Uh-huh. # And if you say who was there you say oh the whole? 030: uh family or Interviewer: You're talking about all the people. 030: Yeah the whole crowd. Sure. If they got played music and got out on the floor you might say that was the that there was a? Dance? Interviewer: Alright. And if um a person a boy was supposed to be in school but he didn't go you'd say he? 030: Played hooky. Interviewer: Now would that be all day or just one class? 030: All- well you- you can play hooky for one Interviewer: #1 class or all day. # 030: #2 Okay. If a person goes # Interviewer: to school supposedly to get a good? 030: Education. Interviewer: When he gets out of high school he might go on to? 030: College. Interviewer: And then and the first year of a person's schooling is called the? 030: In the primary? Interviewer: Yeah he goes out of out of kindergarten and 030: Into the first grade. Interviewer: Alright and he sits behind a? 030: Desk. Interviewer: And the plural? 030: Desks. Interviewer: #1 Okay and the place building we're in right now? # 030: #2 {NW} # A library? Interviewer: Yeah and the place where letters are mailed? 030: A post office. Interviewer: And a place where you'd get a room in a strange town? 030: Motel or hotel. Interviewer: Alright and a place where you'd go to see a film? 030: Movie. Interviewer: Or the-? 030: Theater. Interviewer: Alright and a place where you'd go to have an operation? 030: Hospital. Interviewer: And in there there's a d- there's a doctor and a? 030: Nurse. Interviewer: And if you're walking across a field or a yard or something not straight across but kind of off like that you might say you were walking? 030: At an angle? Interviewer: Okay and they don't have these anymore I don't think in in uh in Knoxville I haven't seen any but they used to have these tracks? 030: Uh street car tracks? Interviewer: And alright and so they {X} street car or train or a bus you might tell the the orderly you say I want the next stop? 030: Off at the next stop. Interviewer: Alright and in a you don't notice so much in this county but in another county a small {NW} a smaller population you might talk about the the uh one city in the county being the county? 030: Seat? Interviewer: Yeah but say the whole thing. 030: The county seat? Interviewer: Right. And a person works for the for the post office you say he works for the federal? 030: Government. Interviewer: And the police department is main- is kept is main- is there to maintain? 030: Uh Interviewer: What? 030: Law and order. Interviewer: Yeah and the war in eighteen sixty-five was called the? 030: Uh during the Civil War? Interviewer: Yeah did you ever hear any other names for that besides the Civil War? 030: Let me see. Mm. I read something about it but I don't remember what it was I'd have to think about it. Interviewer: That's okay. Now this is just some geography. I just wanted this is just all pronunciation. 030: #1 Mm. Okay. # Interviewer: #2 This is strictly pronunciation. # But uh um Rochester and Albany what state are they in? 030: Uh New York. Interviewer: Say the whole thing New York- 030: New York City. Interviewer: Alright New York State. 030: New York State. #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # And Baltimore is in? 030: Maryland. Interviewer: And Richmond? 030: Virginia. Interviewer: Asheville? 030: North Carolina. Interviewer: And the state you were born or your parents were born in? 030: South Carolina. Interviewer: And uh the state that Atlanta's in? 030: Georgia. Interviewer: And the state that Miami's in? 030: Florida. Interviewer: And Birmingham? 030: Alabama. Interviewer: And uh where they have the Mardi Gras? That state. 030: In Louisiana. Interviewer: Yeah and the uh uh Louisville is in? 030: Kentucky. Interviewer: And the state we're in right now? 030: Tennessee. Interviewer: St. Louis is in? 030: Missouri. Interviewer: And Little Rock? 030: Arkansas. Interviewer: And Tupelo for example? 030: Mississippi. Interviewer: And Dallas? 030: Texas. Interviewer: Okay and Tulsa? 030: Oklahoma. Interviewer: #1 You get 100 on the states. Now- now I have some cities okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Now is may is sometimes very hard with with folk informants who've never been any place you know out of I mean they just have I just ask them to name some southern states sometimes and it's kind of like a shotgun. 030: #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 But the # Alright and the big city in Maryland is? 030: Boston? Interviewer: Bal- 030: Baltimore. Interviewer: Yeah and oh all of those states up north you know Vermont and Maine are those are called the? 030: Northern Cities? Interviewer: Or the new- 030: New Hampshire states. Interviewer: New England. 030: New England states. Interviewer: Yeah and Boston is in ma- massa- 030: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Yeah and the- the seed of the federal government is in? 030: Washington? Interviewer: Say the whole thing. 030: Washington DC. Interviewer: Sure and the um the big city in Missouri is? 030: St. Louis. Interviewer: And the big city down on the coast in South Carolina is? 030: Let me see um Charleston? Interviewer: Sure and say it again that's right. 030: Charleston. Interviewer: Yeah and then the uh the some Name name some cities big cities in Alabama that come to mind. 030: Let's see Birmingham. I don't know too much about Alabama. Interviewer: Well the state capital is mont- 030: Montgomery. Interviewer: And the one down the coast is called um mo- 030: Mobile. Interviewer: Yeah and the big city in Illinois is? 030: Chicago. Interviewer: Yeah and the uh the city in North Carolina where your grandparents? 030: Asheville. Interviewer: Yeah and then the city we're in right now? 030: Is Knoxville. Interviewer: And two other big cities three other big cities in in Tennessee? 030: Memphis and Nashville. Interviewer: And chatt- 030: Chattanooga. Interviewer: Alright and the big city in Georgia? 030: Atlanta. Interviewer: Yeah and then the one down. What's that again once more? 030: Atlanta. Interviewer: Yeah and then the one on the one down on the coast? sa- 030: Savannah. Interviewer: Yeah and then do you know any other cities in Georgia? Col- 030: Uh n- Interviewer: Colum- 030: Uh Columbia? Interviewer: Colum- and then 030: #1 Columbus- is it Columbu-? # Interviewer: #2 And Ma- # 030: And Macon. Interviewer: #1 Georgia. # 030: #2 Yeah that's it. # Interviewer: And now where the the city where they have the Mardi Gras? 030: In Louisiana. Interviewer: In new- 030: New Orleans. Interviewer: Yeah and then there's another city right ne- fairly close to there called baton- 030: Baton Rogue. Interviewer: okay and the big city in Ohio down on the river cin- 030: Cincinnati. Interviewer: And the big city in Kentucky? 030: Uh Louisville? Interviewer: Right uh now if you're talking about the distance from here to there you'd say oh I'd say uh say it's one mile and then nine more you'd say it's ten? 030: Ten miles. Interviewer: Okay you had a choice of doing two things and I was going to do this but I did? 030: The other #1 or I changed my mind. # Interviewer: #2 In- I did the other in- # 030: Instead. Interviewer: Right and I'd say why do you like him and the answer is he's so funny you know it's I like him? 030: Because {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay and the- the uh uh um # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the church you belong to is the? 030: Baptist. Interviewer: Alright and a person becomes member- a member you'd say they went down and? 030: Joined the church. Interviewer: Okay and the supreme being is? 030: God. Interviewer: And in an oath the person might say my? My? 030: My God. Interviewer: Yeah and then uh the the minister preached a? 030: Sermon. Interviewer: And the organ played? 030: uh um songs? Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah and and # 030: #2 Music. # Interviewer: Sure and the uh now you mentioned before about a person who is left-handed was in the service of the? 030: Devil. Interviewer: Yeah now are there any other names for the devil? 030: Satan. Interviewer: Any joking names that you can think of? 030: No, when you say the devil you said it all. Interviewer: #1 Okay. {NW} Okay. Uh # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Was there ever a house in the neighborhood when you were growing up that was supposed that was an old house that kids were afraid of? 030: A- a haunted house. #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And what was supposed to be in there? 030: Ghosts. {NW} Interviewer: Any what else? Anything else they ever 030: #1 they ever used to? # Interviewer: #2 Uh haint. {C: pronunciation} # #1 Okay alright and if you s- # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you might say I think I'll put on a sweater today because it's what? Cold it's? 030: Cool. Interviewer: Alright it's r- reh- If you had a choice of you'd say I'll do this if you insist but I'd really? 030: Rather not. Interviewer: Yeah and if um you said it's cool would you ever do you ever use the expression airish? Meaning cool? 030: Yeah. Interviewer: How would you use that? 030: Uh like I would go out to get the paper and come back and say oh it's airish out this morning. Interviewer: Okay that's that's... And how about the expression if you're talking about somebody having a large uh number of uh oh of something you couldn't count? A person had something you'd say much he has you might say he has much trouble or you might say he has a right what of trouble? 030: Uh. A right smart. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: of trouble. A right smart of trouble or let me see. Interviewer: That's the expression I want to ask you about though right smart. Would you ever use that for anything you could count? Would you ever say there were a right smart of chairs in this room? If there were say five more? Or ten more? 030: No and the reason I said right smart is because my grandmother says it all the time. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 030: #2 And she says # Interviewer: It would be but it would be limited to things that were that were uh uh 030: She would say right smart people down town today. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Instead of saying the church was crowded it was right smart people out today. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: And of course. Interviewer: #1 She would say it that way. Well that's- that's interesting. # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And she was born there in that uh in that 030: No she was born in South #1 Carolina. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, around McCormick. # 030: Yeah. Interviewer: And she must she was uh uh middle-aged probably by the time she moved to North Carolina then? 030: I would s- I guess I would imagine that uh Interviewer: Because your father was full grown when 030: yeah he came here. Interviewer: Yeah okay um if uh some- somebody did something very strange you might say why the very? 030: Idea. Interviewer: Yeah and how would you greet a an intimate friend? You'd say? 030: Oh like somebody I knew real well? Uh hello there uh hi where you been? Interviewer: Okay and how would you greet a stranger? 030: Hello. Uh how do you do or hello. Interviewer: Do you would you ever say how do you do or how are you to a friend? To a good friend? 030: No I would probably say how you been doing or how are you doing. Interviewer: Okay and if someone had been over to your house and and uh you wanted them to return you might say please? 030: Come to see me. Come back or come again. Interviewer: Okay and the reading on December 25th is? 030: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: And on January first? 030: Happy New Year. Interviewer: And if first they ask you if you're going to have time to do something you say well I 030: Might. Interviewer: I think. 030: I think so or either I Interviewer: #1 Might have the time. # 030: #2 Alright. # Interviewer: And the place where you buy food stuff is the 030: Grocery. Interviewer: And you say I have to go down town today and do some 030: Shopping. Interviewer: And you bought a package and the grocer 030: Wrapped. Interviewer: And then you took it home and? 030: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: And you bought something that it was a real bargain because the man had to sell it to you at a 030: Uh Interviewer: Less than he paid for it. He had to sell it to 030: #1 you at a? # Interviewer: #2 retail. # Or a? 030: Or at cost? Interviewer: Or a- well you say it was a total 030: #1 Loss for him. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Now you would you ever use that in terms of or would you say below cost or 030: Prob- probably I would say below cost. Interviewer: Okay and if you didn't have enough money you might have to go to a? To a bank and? 030: Borrow it. Interviewer: Yeah. And during they thirties they say money was awfully? 030: Tight. Interviewer: Tight is good or also sc- 030: Scarce. Interviewer: Alright and and a little boy is going uh he's over at a river or a pond and he what in the water? He 030: Dived. Interviewer: Alright and yes- today he? 030: Dived in. Interviewer: Alright and the uh he turns over and gets on the floor gets over and? 030: Turns somersaults? Interviewer: Yeah turns what? 030: Summer-sets. Interviewer: #1 Okay thank you and then # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: he got in the water after he dived in he 030: Paddled or swam. Interviewer: Yeah and you say I have- across that river myself. #1 I have # 030: #2 I have swam across it. # Interviewer: Okay and a bonus or a gift for a purchase like if you bought something at the store and the grocer threw in something extra because maybe you paid your bill {D: the end of your bill or something} do you have a name for that? 030: Uh you said it like he gave me a Interviewer: #1 bonus because # 030: #2 yeah have you ever # Interviewer: {D: heard the word broatus?} 030: no. Interviewer: Never? Uh okay. They um if a uh if a boy was swimming and he went down for the third time you'd say he was? 030: Drowning. Interviewer: Yeah. You say a lot of kids in this lake last summer. A lot of kids 030: A lot of kids drowned in this lake Interviewer: #1 last summer. # 030: #2 Okay and a baby. # Interviewer: gets down on all fours and he? 030: Crawls. Interviewer: And you know a little kid gets down behind a chair or something he's playing a game with his parents they say he did what behind that chair? 030: Hid. Interviewer: Or he s-? 030: Uh. Interviewer: Uh {NS} Now if a a in church a person i- is especially in or some church goer anyway Catholic Church {NW} she what to pray- she? 030: Kneeled to pray. Interviewer: Okay. #1 And say I'm tired of it. I think I'll what down for while- I think I'll # 030: #2 I'll lay down. # Interviewer: Alright and so uh Yesterday I 030: Laid down. Interviewer: Alright and that's um uh that lazy loafer he lay in bed all day he 030: Laid in bed all day? Interviewer: Okay. I had a bad night. I all night I things were going through my head say I 030: #1 Like I couldn't sleep all night. # Interviewer: #2 But you were sleeping, and the # 030: Oh, had nightmares? Interviewer: Or just 030: #1 Dreamed all night. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um and then I what up early? I 030: woke early. Interviewer: #1 You do this on the floor is you # 030: #2 Stomp. # Interviewer: Alright and if a young man takes uh takes a uh girl to a dance or something or meets her at a dance he doesn't take her he meets at the dance and after the dance he might say may I 030: Take you home. Interviewer: Okay and he might get on a road bend. 030: Pulled? Interviewer: And they get behind the car and. 030: Push. Interviewer: And the um a you have a heavy bag of of meal or something or or there let's say let's say you have um a very large suitcase and you got off the plane you got out this thing and you couldn't find anybody to help you, and you were say I had I had what then suitcase all over the airport 030: I was uh struggling with it? Interviewer: But would you use something like packed or lugged or? 030: #1 I- I might say lugged that # Interviewer: #2 toted? # 030: #1 thing a-. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #2 That doesn't sound natural to you at all. # And if uh one of your children is kind of a small child and you say now don't that don't 030: Don't touch that. Interviewer: Yes and you you wanted something from out of the room a pencil you might call the child you 030: Bring me the pencil. Interviewer: Sure. and a uh and I and I what kind of games did you play as a child? #1 just tell me about some of them. Just kind of describe some of the games you # 030: #2 {X} # U we played I-spy, #1 which was a hiding game with uh one person looking for you. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: We would play touch football. {NW} Interviewer: #1 We would play baseball. # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # We played uh Let me see. I forget to name of it uh when they throwed the ball try to hit you on the sidewalk. Interviewer: Yeah, what was it? 030: One- one person would be out in the middle of the street, and he would throw the ball at the curb, and you had to keep moving, so he couldn't hit you with the ball. Interviewer: He- he would he would throw it. 030: #1 Yeah, he would throw it you know like you'd be standing like that chair. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # He'd hit the curb and try bounce this ball back and hit you, you mean? 030: #1 No, you would be on the sidewalk. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. 030: and he would be in the middle of the street and he would throw it at you like you were standing cause you had to keep moving And he had to try and get you more- and maybe would be about four kids on this side and four on this side but we had a name for it I can't think of that {NS} but we played that a lot. Interviewer: The any other kind of not informal games like that that you 030: And that we played? Oh. We played doll house and all that stuff. Interviewer: I mean like games that you play maybe with balls or a things like that? 030: No, no more than touch football we had we well I I did I used to play tennis a lot then. #1 We didn't have tennis courts, but we played tennis anyway # Interviewer: #2 yeah uh # 030: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Now what in in the in the hiding games what did you call that place that you came back towards? 030: home base. #1 Touching base # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 030: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay good. Alright. # and you're talking about fishing, you say uh um it's fun to 030: fish? Interviewer: Or to c-? 030: Cast? Interviewer: and then to #1 we can try the object in fishing is to # 030: #2 reel # Uh catch fish. Interviewer: yeah and so yesterday I 030: caught Interviewer: I have many fish. I have 030: #1 I've caught many fish # Interviewer: #2 sure # And if someone's you know ru- rushing around in a big hurry you might think just take your time I'll wait 030: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: Yeah and if uh you were gonna spank one of your children the child might plead with you please please give me 030: a break? Interviewer: A cha- 030: A chance {NW} Interviewer: And if he was in good spirits you say he's an awfully good 030: Natured person Interviewer: Ye- yeah or 030: uh humor Interviewer: Alright and say we have to get some some uh uh roach-killer I wanna get of these bugs. I wanna get 030: Get rid of 'em. Interviewer: alright and if someone had uh Asks you about it, say that might've happened, but I'm sorry, I just don't 030: Know Interviewer: I don't 030: Remember Interviewer: yeah When someone says did you write that letter and you'd say yes I 030: wrote it Interviewer: I have 030: written it Interviewer: And tomorrow I will 030: Mail it Interviewer: I will have read it I will 030: Write Interviewer: Yeah. an- and then you expect 030: #1 An answer # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # and you put your name and 030: address Interviewer: okay And so you mask or someone might ask you uh they'd say would you what this letter for me would you 030: mail Interviewer: Or putting the address on it. Would you 030: address this Interviewer: okay and the uh uh one of your children comes home behaving kind of strangely, you know? and you might say doing something pretty peculiar, you might say to him who on Earth 030: {NS} taught you that. Interviewer: Yeah okay and uh uh children's nicknames for one who bears tales. 030: Uh. let's see #1 you mean like coming in to tell on everybody else? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: tattletale. Interviewer: okay now would you ever use the term tattle among adults? 030: no Interviewer: just okay. and you might I did say that the uh I have a garden and you might say I think I'm gonna go out and {NW} 030: And uh plant uh something Interviewer: #1 Now this would be # 030: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: something that just these these are just this was a not a vegetable garden this is what other kinds of gardens are there? 030: a flower garden Interviewer: alright, he had a flower garden he went out and he say I think I'm going to go out and 030: #1 Pick some flowers # Interviewer: #2 okay # and something a child plays with we call that a 030: Toy Interviewer: Alright and the do you ever call that anything else 030: his playthings Interviewer: yep you ever do you know the term or do your parents or grandparents ever use the term play-pretty? 030: no #1 Uh they didn't I have heard that and I've heard of it too # Interviewer: #2 {NW} uh-huh. # 030: I heard a man tell uh his child I brought you a play-pretty. Interviewer: And what would that include? Any kind of a 030: #1 Anything that he brought uh brought to the child # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh. Is your mother still alive? 030: Yes. Interviewer: So you did you live you live with your mother all the time while you were growing up? 030: uh yes Interviewer: Cause you said uh I was wondering were you raised by your grandparents. 030: #1 No I was # Interviewer: #2 would you just # 030: #1 No, I feel like I would go and stay three months during the summer all the summer months with my grandmother. # Interviewer: #2 And that was down in Asheville? # 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um I say which one um did you give me you'd say that's the one I 030: Gave you Interviewer: And I have two already and I'm not going to give you another one I have 030: given you Interviewer: Sure and and and say we uh we're waiting to for you uh let's say uh at the party that they to or let's say the dance we'd say that the music had already 030: Began or begun or began Interviewer: Okay now which would be which? 030: #1 I would say the music had already began, so we went # Interviewer: #2 Alright # okay and uh along a path you'd say that boy was practicing with the track team and he 030: Ran Interviewer: Alright and uh he will tomorrow 030: Run Interviewer: Alright and uh and why did uh that person he said he over to tell me something he 030: #1 Came over to tell me something # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh tomorrow you will # 030: Come over #1 again # Interviewer: #2 alright and um # I'd say and with your eyes I'd say I 030: saw you Interviewer: yeah. tomorrow I will 030: see you Interviewer: And I have 030: seen you Interviewer: And you say we had to take a detour because the road was all 030: Muddy Interviewer: No, they were doing construction work 030: Oh tore up. Interviewer: Yeah and someone uh gives you a present gives you a bracelet and you thank them for it they say go on over there and 030: Put it on Interviewer: Sure And uh Say uh uh uh Say I saw him that I saw him 030: Do that Interviewer: yeah okay and yesterday he 030: did this did that Interviewer: And many times he has 030: done that Interviewer: Alright and I say what's new you say 030: Nothing Interviewer: that's Come now there must be 030: Mm something Interviewer: Sure and I'd- I took a walk today because it's what a nice day. It's 030: A clear day Interviewer: Su- 030: Sunny day Interviewer: Su- 030: #1 Such a nice day # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # And I'd say how long has it been that way you say well as far as I know it's 030: All day Interviewer: #1 It's of- you know from eternity, you say oh it's # 030: #2 Oh, always. # Interviewer: sure and I'd say how long have you how long have you have you uh uh how long have you been working here and you say I've been working ever 030: uh since last June or something like that Interviewer: Okay and um uh {NS} 030: You took one out just a few minutes ago {NS} Interviewer: #1 Now I've got 'em pretty pretty badly mixed up for you if that's okay with you # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} Um you'd say person say I don't know the answer to that so I'm going to have to him about it I'll 030: #1 Asked him about it # Interviewer: #2 and yesterday I # 030: #1 Asked him about it # Interviewer: #2 alright and # say those little boys they you can't everytime they get together they 030: #1 Fight # Interviewer: #2 yesterday they # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: Were fighting Interviewer: And an they have #1 Ever since they were little they # 030: #2 Uh be- been fighting # fight #1 they # Interviewer: #2 yesterday they # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: yesterday they fought Interviewer: Yeah and they have 030: Been fighting ever since Interviewer: okay and and if child you you say now you can't leave the room until the bell rings so listen 030: Carefully {X} Interviewer: Listen 030: to the bell Interviewer: Alright and um If a child will I was telling you before about a child might play a game with his parents and hide behind a couch or something and then jump up and what might he say? #1 Okay. Okay. # Interviewer: #2 Uh boo or surprise. # Now uh {NS} #1 The this is just strictly pronunciation now just count slowly from one to fourteen. # 030: #2 Okay. # Okay from one through fourteen {C: audio fades out} One two three Four five six Seven Eight Nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen Interviewer: Give the number after nineteen 030: Is twenty Interviewer: And the number after twenty-six 030: Is twenty-seven Interviewer: Number after twenty-nine 030: thirty Interviewer: the number after thirty-nine 030: forty Interviewer: And the number after sixty-nine 030: Is seventy Interviewer: And the number after ninety-nine 030: One hundred. Interviewer: The number after nine hundred and ninety-nine 030: One thousand Interviewer: And then the next 030: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 030: #1 It's one million. # Interviewer: #2 Would be a mill-? # Yeah And now if there uh uh when a child goes goes into school he's a he gets out of kindergarten and goes into the 030: the first grade Interviewer: and the next year 030: the second grade Interviewer: and um the next year 030: The third grade Interviewer: and the 030: Fourth Interviewer: and then 030: Fifth the Sixth the Seventh the Eighth the Ninth the Tenth Interviewer: Okay and then if something happened uh suddenly, you'd say that happened all 030: At once Interviewer: And then if you did something two times you'd say I've done that 030: More twice Interviewer: Okay and the months of the year 030: #1 You want me to pronounce it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah yeah just say the months of the year # 030: Um January February March April May June July August September October November and December Interviewer: and the days of the week 030: Um Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday and Sunday Interviewer: And then Uh how would you uh greet a person about ten AM 030: In the morning? Good morning Interviewer: And how would you greet a person after 12 PM? 030: Uh Good afternoon Interviewer: How late would you use that 030: Until about three and then I would say good evening Interviewer: After three 030: #1 Mm yes really # Interviewer: #2 so right now you'd call it evening? You'd call it evening at three-thirty or any time after 3? Alright. # And then if someone started work very early in the morning, you say he- he started work before 030: The day. Interviewer: Before 030: sun up Interviewer: And worked until 030: Sun down Interviewer: And you say if this morning the sun came up at six AM, the sun 030: Came up Interviewer: Or r- 030: Rose Interviewer: And um uh I saw the sun 030: Come up Interviewer: Or r- 030: Rise Interviewer: And the sun had before it But actually in the other on other on another day, the actually the sun had 030: Risen Interviewer: Yeah and then If a uh today is Wednesday, Tuesday was 030: Yesterday Interviewer: And Thursday will be 030: Tomorrow Interviewer: And if a person isn't coming this the coming Sunday you'd say he's com- the following Sunday, you might say he's coming over 030: The weekend #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 No. # 030: Uh a week from #1 Sunday. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, a week from S- # Would you ever say Sunday week? 030: #1 No. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 uh oh a week from Sunday. Okay. # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And um On my wrist I have a 030: watch Interviewer: And in a uh what time is your your friend supposed to take you home? 030: It's five-thirty Interviewer: Alright now what's another way of saying that? 030: Uh my what Interviewer: No, another kind of way of saying five-thirty? 030: Um #1 A quarter past I mean a half-past five? # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Sure and then fifteen minutes later would be 030: Forty-five minutes Interviewer: Yeah or you'd say how would you say that? 030: Quarter-till. Interviewer: Alright And then um if nineteen uh nineteen seventy-one was last year nineteen seventy-two was 030: This year Interviewer: Yeah now I think that's- now I just want to ask you one- would you just- it's only ten at about five after five, so you take five or ten minutes- I'd like you to tell me just kind of describe for me the- the kinds of things you- one think I want to- what was your husband the husband #1 the man you were married to for twenty-seven years- what was his last name? # 030: #2 S- yeah. # Interviewer: {B} his name was {B} 030: #1 Yeah, and I haven't changed it. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 030: {NW} {B} Interviewer: {NS} #1 I wanna get that in case I want to get in touch with you maybe when I get to analyzing this, I might find something I want to ask you about. # 030: #2 {NW} Alright # Interviewer: To write you but then uh would you just tell me kind of what uh what what you used to do when you'd go to go over to the Asheville for the summer. {NS} 030: Um {NS} Well {NS} #1 uh some of the things that just what I did everyday all day # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah. Sure. # 030: {NS} well at home we could sleep late, in Asheville never Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: #1 You- you always had breakfast at seven-thirty. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: Uh then no snacks no in-between meals you went out and played unless she wanted to take um out the trash and of course my grandmother had chickens in the back. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: And that meant I didn't go in the back because I was afraid of chickens. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: And uh then we would play with the neighbor's children but uh there you had to always ask Uh you would come there say I would ask my grandmother could I go play with Louise #1 And then she would call Louise's mother up and ask her if we could come over to play in the yard # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. uh-huh. # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: And if she said don't go and near the house just in the yard well that's what you did Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: #1 And uh now you know like they just say well I'll be over, but # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 030: always standing we used to go to the garden And my grandfather used to cut yar- grass after he got off from work Interviewer: Hmm 030: And we used to wait on him Interviewer: what kind of work did he do? 030: #1 Uh he worked at the railroad station # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Is that at the southern? 030: #1 yeah. Mm-hmm. Well I my grandfather and my uncle both worked there. # Interviewer: #2 Is that how you'd get over to- from over there? uh. Uh-huh. # 030: {NW} And like they would put us on the train here my uncle would meet us in uh hot springs and then when we got to the station my grandfather would be off and take us home Interviewer: Now where's hot springs? is that 030: It's in North Carolina right right over right after you leave out of Tennessee Interviewer: I see and uh and where did that railroad go uh out of Knoxville do you know It uh 030: It went uh it would go north Interviewer: #1 Uhh oh I see practically did it go up to mountain city # 030: #2 {NW} # #1 Noooh nn-nn. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # It come to Bristol? 030: Mm-hmm But it would let me see it would form Newport {NW} Marshall Hot Springs Um I don't remember #1 if there was ev- # Interviewer: #2 was that the the # You remember what that train was called? Was it the Southerner? 030: #1 It was a Southern Train, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # #1 You know yeah yeah I'll bet you # 030: #2 I mean you mean the the name of the train? no # Interviewer: I'll bet you That man the I inter- interviewed this morning mr 030: #1 Brown # Interviewer: #2 Harper {C: name used} # 030: #1 Harper # Interviewer: #2 Mr.Harper {C: name used} # was a porter for fifty years and he went from here to Bristol and over then all the way to Washington that train you were on probably went to Washington 030: #1 {NW} I guess I didn't even know that # Interviewer: #2 and I'll bet you were on the train with her {X} yourself # but uh uh I wondered uh uh what uh uh uh I wanted to ask you um what that now the chicken did you have nothing to do with the chickens did you 030: No and not today either Interviewer: #1 No, is that right? # 030: #2 {NW} # Yes, no chickens {D: birds} #1 Anything like that. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Is that right? 030: I don't like them Interviewer: Uh did And you never do you remember how they how your grandmother called the chickens? 030: {NW} uh well y- they were all so pitied #1 they just go to the door and I mean anybody has chickens if you grab yeah they run at you you know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: And I have never #1 {NW} cared # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. I see. # {X} I you never uh got around there and collected the eggs? 030: No, no no. Interviewer: #1 You never did? Okay, well listen that's great. I'm gonna stop # 030: #2 N- n-. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: Okay the first questions I wanna ask you about is just about Knoxville itself 030: Okay Interviewer: What I want you to tell me if you will is something like a a make up of the city what are the major sections of Knoxville you were telling somebody about the major sections of town 030: Uh Interviewer: What would you say were the were the major sections 030: Well there's um West Town, Bearden. Um. Uh let me see What's next? Interviewer: This is coming from the west 030: Yeah Um Then uh Lonsdale um Mechanicsville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: East Nashville What they ca- and then there was a section they called uh park city but and then Burlington Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: And then Holston Hills and all Interviewer: Thats straight out east? 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about south of the river any 030: {D: Allenhomes um} {D: Allenhomes over there} I don't know I don't know what's on the other side of it though I don't know I haven't been over you know that far. {NW} And I've been here uh oh fountain city Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: That's on the other side. Uh-huh. Interviewer: And um now your talking about the neighborhoods are which ones would you consider are the wealthier neighborhoods say which do you know the richest people who were they where did they live 030: You would find them in west town west Knoxville like um Cherokee um there's another place down there Interviewer: #1 Does that old Sequoyah Hills uh # 030: #2 Yeah the Sequoyah hills. all this is # coming back this way and then Um Kingst- all down through Kingston Pike Interviewer: What about some of these uh average working class neighborhoods where are those did you find those in in which neighborhoods would they be so just average you know 030: Well now at at one particular time I could say they were all sitting in one section but you can't do that anymore because if a man and his wife both work and maybe if they have one child or two and they don't have to make more than ten thousand dollars a year to live anywhere they want to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: You know um and if your yo- well if we uh some of 'em even- even you could make say eight thousand Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: And they will rent apartments or Interviewer: Mm-hmm I guess you couldn't rent it 030: Yeah huh yeah just about anywhere they wanted something up a lot of people are buying homes but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: Um It's not that You can't y- I couldn't just say that everybody lived in this one section because they don't you know Interviewer: Yeah an and Knoxville or anymore there's specific ethnic neighborhoods or any would you call certain neighborhoods black neighborhoods 030: Yeah #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: Um Let me see well mostly it's centered in the projects but Interviewer: Where- we- where is that located 030: uh there's um Austin Holmes uh Walter P. Tellers Um And then in Lonsdale But your gonna have a few whites or either a few blacks in either place and there's um Um Over here on Virginia Avenue and um Western Heights Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: And they- but they uh not you couldn't call 'em completely anything {NW} because it's not Interviewer: what maybe there or at Knoxville college what what areas 030: this is Mechanicsville. Interviewer: Mechanicsville 030: Mm Interviewer: Where would the students go to high school here did they go to a room or 030: Yeah they'd go to {X} {D: would they go anywhere} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: I mean some parents uh of their parents are teachers and they feel like a school is better they'll send 'em to a better school Um Fulton's um West High School um Let me see there they have got so many new schools even in the counties sometimes they'll send them there and if they work in the county nine times out of ten they will drop their kids off at- on the way to work Interviewer: and is is the Mechanicsville neighborhood that's all always been a mixed neighborhood #1 hasn't it # 030: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: There's never been 030: I well I #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 for the most # part 030: Yeah well See now this like I was raised in Eastern Knoxville right And Like this was Yeager street going well the next street over It had just as many white as it did blacks so I couldn't say I was raised with Uh One particular group was we all played together it wasn't w- w- I mean I think all of us was surprised when we went to school and and found out that we all didn't go to the same school uh-huh. Interviewer: Now then Talking about Knoxville where were the major shopping areas in Knoxville 030: Well west town Holston Hill shopping center um Interviewer: West Town is a mall now 030: Yeah Uh we have quite a few people are going back to shopping downtown but do have a little shopping centers everywhere Um There's uh like I said there's One on Broadway the Broadway shopping center um Let me see there's uh one before you get to west town western plaza and then there's a little shopping center in Bearden it's just they are just scattered Interviewer: what about the the financial district the banks and all where the major financial offices located 030: Most banks are located on gay street but they have branches everywhere Interviewer: {X} is down there 030: Uh-huh they had branches all over the city you could go um just about anywhere you go you're gonna pass a bank or two a branch you know more than of each bank Interviewer: Are there any shopping centers in in Knoxville Or um I guess there are some cities that were primarily black would you say is there what is there was it geared #1 toward black people # 030: #2 {NW} uh-huh uh no # Interviewer: just shopping just for 030: no not particularly because people have a tendency in this town to shop where they uh they can buy what they want you know there- if um If I wanted to go buy something just because this store was here doesn't mean I gonna shop in it- in my neighborhood if it doesn't carry what I want to buy then I'm going where that's the way it goes most places Interviewer: And we are talking about uh would blacks live in Knoxville who is there any neighborhoods where you would have mostly upper class blacks and then maybe neighborhoods where you would have lower class were there any was they kind of stratified neighborhoods like that or or they they were basically 030: you might find one or two streets similar to that but you can't speaker#3: {NW} 030: {NW} but you can't find uh speaker#3: #1 I don't hardly think so now # Interviewer: #2 inner # city neighborhoods 030: uh-uh now the uh like I said Austin projects Austin homes projects and Walter P. Taylors and in Lonsdale are where you gonna find most black centered together Interviewer: wheres is Lonsdale in relation to 030: it's about Um two miles #1 west of here uh # Interviewer: #2 west of here # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # {D: out western end} 030: Mm-hmm Interviewer: are we you talking about Knoxville if your showing somebody the city and had show maybe some some landmarks or something that of historical interest what would be some of the things that Knoxville you might you might show 030: oh I would take 'em to the Blount memorial um the Blount mansion uh the new buildings that's going up that's twenty-three stories high something we've never had and uh well maybe like Knoxville college and the University of Tennessee I'd take 'em all around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: um {NW} Let me see if some of the other things that's centered in Knoxville {X} zoo and park Interviewer: they do have a nice zoo don't they 030: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: and {NW} I don't know just wherever else they wanted to see you know you have sometimes you take people to a lot of places they get bored Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: {NW} Interviewer: tired of traveling all day? 030: yeah Interviewer: yeah talking about um the zoo and things is there any other parks something in Knoxville that you know 030: Mm-hmm there's Tyson park um there's a let me see it's two or three parks around here but I don't remember all of their names I used to know when I was taking my kids on picnics and everything but I don't anymore Interviewer: People still go to {X} 030: uh-huh it's crowded most of the time Interviewer: And they have rides and all that there don't they 030: right Interviewer: so they would in Tyson park wouldn't they 030: no and Tyson park is more or less like where you take your kids to they just swing s- uh-huh uh there's I don't think I don't think there's any other park around here with rides {D: any like catchups and parkers just uh} picnic area where b- now that's what where all the blacks used to go Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: {D: at Cal Johnson} but now it's not a park anymore it's a center and um they play basketball and things in there, but and they've just about taken that away from 'em so because well like I said everybody's scattered and they just play wherever it's convenient Interviewer: the uh now say you were flying in from New York were would you would you where your plane land if you were gonna fly to New York where would you catch the plane here 030: um over toward {D: limousine} what's the name of that airport now it's in Blount county um {D: like a dog} and I- I'm gonna catch the plane over there. Uh-huh. uh. Interviewer: you see that I was out there #1 Saturday night can't remember the name either. What is that? # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 030: #2 # Interviewer: Well, that's a uh McGhee T- 030: yeah McGhee Tyson airport. Interviewer: if you do you make any distinction between the airport and the airfield do those two terms ever mean anything different to you or they mean 030: well n- uh they are different one is #1 for small planes and # Interviewer: #2 in the air # field 030: Uh-huh so we have an airfield Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 030: #2 here # {D: Allen homes} Interviewer: mm-hmm is that the river 030: yeah uh-huh thats um um I think that it'd uh over at uh {D: Allen home} airport it well they it's uh airfield what they call it it's nothing like the airport Interviewer: just a small plane 030: mm-hmm no big planes landing then they have {X} {NW} Interviewer: I guess so 030: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 think so # I'd never flown till last summer the first time I've ever flown it was a long #1 quite a long flight # 030: #2 oh mm. # That's great my doctor won't let me fly over two hours if I'm going somewhere I have to #1 I have bad sinuses so it's bad for you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm I guess so 030: {NW} Interviewer: Since we're talking about transportation things how were you like I eighty-five or I seventy-five I forty what would you call that like a highway 030: {NW} um I don't understand what you mean how do you Interviewer: you know like I forty you would you call it what kind of a highway? it's or mm let's see you'd say don't drive through town don't you let rest 030: Oh bypass yeah it's more or less like a bypass uh if you're coming through Knoxville and you don't have any desire to stop, you would bypass or you wouldn't have to come drown and get in the congestion {NW} Interviewer: and so you would just call it interstate 030: uh-huh more or less Interviewer: and uh and talking about on the interstate or bypass say uh uh the places you like stop you knowing the community for example you might have you drawn a road then have to traveling the region and the 030: they have um uh rest stops all along but I don't think you'll find too many from here between from the time you enter Knoxville until you get ready to leave out there all out farther out there are rest stops but now you can uh while you're on the interstate uh wherever you can just they have all these next stop you know west town wherever you wanna get off there Interviewer: these these rest stops rest stops there just picnic area kind of things 030: the uh little small places uh-huh some of 'em are larger than others they have tables around some of 'em have restrooms some of 'em don't Interviewer: would you have a special name for when you might get off when theres a service station and everything like that 030: n- Interviewer: different name for that 030: Let me see they don't call it they call it some of 'em truck stops they call 'em they say what is that because they have I mean there are plenty of those in Knoxville where you uh get off and eat and um even where you get off, go to motels and eat and rest or whatever Interviewer: {NW} the lane you would take when you got off what'd you call that 030: Uh on that when you're in the uh right hand lane Interviewer: yeah when your getting off the interstate you say you're getting off the thing the thing that you 030: oh go off the ramp uh yeah Interviewer: and what about coming on would you call that the same thing 030: uh-huh you go up the you know come up ramp, get on, get on get off #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # and uh let's see what about the the lines painted down on the road to help guide you you know 030: um oh you mean the yellow line and the white line now you mean do I have a specific name Interviewer: #1 It's called the white line # 030: #2 yeah {NW} # You know {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 030: you know you're in the either you're in the right hand lane or you're in the left hand lane or y- you're going to watch out you're gonna cross over the white line or- or the yellow line or you know you're not supposed to pass in this area and that kind of stuff Interviewer: yeah and you know when you're on the highway your in the grass area in between the lanes you have two lanes on either side you know there's a grass area 030: Yeah and that's it {NW} and I we have 'em all over town and I've often wondered {NW} sometimes why they build 'em cause they cause so many wrecks um the median strip some of 'em that's what they are called Interviewer: now you seen 'em when they Instead of having the grass over there used to be a piece of steel or concrete and uh 030: uh-huh they well that's the same thing uh uh well not when it's got grass under they don't call it the median strip they call it something else but I don't know I don't remember what Interviewer: uh any are there any any other roads in the uh uh in Knoxville besides the interstate that you can only get on and off at certain areas you know how you can only get off and on the interstate at certain intervals 030: yeah Interviewer: seventeenth street or whatever 030: well Interviewer: you know kinda 030: all these one way streets around here I don't know I don't drive so I don't know too many things about that I've I haven't used that passage #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # there were a couple of them like you 030: yeah Interviewer: {NS} talk about Knoxville what would be the name you were talking about the neighborhood what would be the main streets up in Knoxville area would you say some of the major streets in the city 030: uh uh to tell you what to look out for like gay street vine street Kingston Pike um let me see Interviewer: gay would be where all the banks and all that wouldn't it 030: #1 Mm-hmm but see at once the way Knoxville is laid out, once you get to gay street # Interviewer: #2 Kingston Pike # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: you can go anywhere because it's almost I mean Knoxville is almost like a block to me you can just go around the block and be you know well it seems like you're going around the block but you go either straight ahead and turn left and know where you're going more or less it's not like you have to turn off here and go well it's not like being in Chicago or somewhere I tell you that where you get lost #1 when you go # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: uh it's to me if you can read directions at anywhere at all if you could find gay street at Knoxville you can find anywhere else in Knoxville because all streets run almost completely across town like Clint Street runs all the way across all they way down Kingston Pike Interviewer: that runs perpendicular 030: Mm-hmm Mm-hmm and um when you're going to Kingston Pike it's just that simple Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: you just make one turn and you don't turn anymore you're on your way you know so it's um Interviewer: what about in this part of town what would be the 030: University Avenue College street and western avenue those are the main streets here Interviewer: western avenue that really becomes old bridge highway 030: Mm-hmm. That's why I say i- if you're going anywhere you just get on one street you know it might the street might run out but you don't have to turn you just keep going Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: it's not like having to turn four or five times to get to it {NW} Interviewer: Have you what would you call it call that street in a situation where you um your road goes here and there's railroad tracks that come up over the road and go under the 030: uh an overpass Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: yeah if you go on well you go in the underpass you know like and if I tell you when you come to the underpass you know you're on the right in the right direction you just come straight ahead Interviewer: and you go over some trains in the 030: um yeah well that's that over underpass and overpass {NW} Interviewer: {NW} #1 {D: that's character} # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} you talking about driving when you're parking and you can't what what do you call that kind of point when you just drive in and you have your car that kind of sit in at an angle like that you just drive in 030: Parallel parking Interviewer: Is that that the one you back in and parallel park 030: yeah well either way you know now the people that I usually ride with I mean we parked this way here in the yard and it's just according to how w- if it's um bad weather we're gonna back in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: and if just- just like today, we just drive in you know and we park the same way Interviewer: and uh is it the other kind of parking 030: what you would call just uh straight parking Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: well it's I would that's what I would call it you know I wouldn't call it that I would one in parallel parking, the other one Interviewer: straight in 030: Uh-huh Interviewer: and uh uh now say you went down to millers downtown you know when you go in to park there what would you call that 030: oh in the garage, in miller's garage? that's where we'd be which level are you gonna be on that's it #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 garage # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And uh now the thing you can't park beside that you plug the fire hose up in what you call those 030: Fire hydrants Interviewer: #1 huh # 030: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 # 030: #2 # Interviewer: and uh you mentioned the twenty-three story building what building that's gonna be 030: uh-huh United American bank Interviewer: what other kind of large building are there town 030: um s- let me see {NW} well there aren't many {D: well yeah Fairgood what used to be Fairgood hotel} what used to I mean what used to be Andrew Johnson hotel um the city county building they're larger we got some new banks see it see banks they're not exactly what you would call tall buildings but they are pretty large um they are spread out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: on the ground level more or less but I think that's bank that United American bank the one that's going up will be one of tallest buildings that we have in town Interviewer: do you have an name for you know for apartments that off 030: Condominiums or high rise apartments Interviewer: so is there anything different between them to you 030: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would be what would that di- 030: a condominium was the one that you're gonna find on the outskirts more or less really Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: uh {D: and so they was kinda set out} but high rises are everywhere {NW} you can get a high rise you can go to a high rise on just about every other street Interviewer: and are the high rises usually tall than condominiums 030: Mm-hmm well some of 'em {NW} uh the high rises are more or less like efficiency apartments with people but condominiums are homes people buy those they don't generally rent 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm mm-hmm and uh we talked about streets and all what about the uh down and behind some of the buildings a little Knox- 030: {D: Ellis} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: yeah well Interviewer: {D: coloring} 030: yeah because you had you have to go down to the alley you w- we'd need those for the trash people come up we had uh well there's nothing th- I've never called them anything just an alley Interviewer: and uh what about a place where area left with buildings town down uh there's nothing there they hadn't even been rebuilt what would you call that 030: {NW} well in Knoxville we called 'em parking lots cause the minute they tore one down that's exactly what they'd do with it just start parking on it yes but they w- u- usually they when they'd tear out places if it's in a residential area it's just a vacant lot Interviewer: that's uh when I was a kid that was one of the big they tore the houses down in place of a mall 030: Yeah that's I think I uh any vacant lot if anybody owned land and didn't build on it that's uh best place in the world to play ball Interviewer: ball and what about if you went into a store like that and wanted a drink of water you would go to the 030: water fountain Interviewer: and uh um uh let's see what about if you had a park the thing you might get water from 030: out of the water fountain and it's the same thing uh well sometimes they don't have uh uh they have a faucet if maybe more or less but it's still a water fountain it's just the way they fixed it Interviewer: oh the next set of questions has to do with the nature of different kinds of car I don't mean anything like brands or things like Ford or Chevrolets 030: Mm Interviewer: what different yeah styles of cars that you 030: uh uh-huh but I don't know too much I'm glad you don't want brand names cause I don't know anything about cars I really barely ride in 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm Oh well for example say a car that maybe just uh had had uh had had two doors and and you know 030: #1 had to climb over to get in the back # Interviewer: #2 what would you # call that kind of 030: that's just a two door car {NW} Interviewer: And uh four doors do you know any 030: yes uh no just four doors a four door whatever Interviewer: yeah you remember maybe back in the past the small car or cars 030: #1 Rumble seats in the back # Interviewer: #2 yeah. Mm-hmm # 030: yeah Interviewer: Was there any special name for the kind of car that had that rumble seat? 030: N- I mean No it was always the one with the rumble seat you know um I think I I don't think I've ever seen but one of 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: and that was on display Interviewer: Mm-hmm you ever hear anyone talk about a coupe or talk about a different kind of car a coupe or 030: Mm-hmm well yeah I know about sports coupe is the one that has two seats in the but that's all no room just room for two people Interviewer: {X} off a little 030: Uh Jaguar or something like what's expensive {NW} Interviewer: {X} 030: yeah Interviewer: I feel like that was expensive cars maybe a big large car what would you 030: the Lincoln Continental the Cadillac the Mercury the new Mercury that that they have out but they're pretty Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Is it now one {NS} car thats over the top over pretentious like that you know what I mean you just kinda over do anything on a car like that and overdone car kind of 030: car that had just too much Interviewer: uh-huh 030: now that would be here for it it's too much {NW} uh yeah Interviewer: here you go 030: It'd be gaudy Interviewer: what about that the thing you might take to the airport you know if you didn't have someone to take you in the car you might 030: #1 Well here it # speaker#3: #2 Or at a motel, you might # 030: you called it what you called the um uh it's not a taxi its a uh what #1 limousine yeah airport limousine # Interviewer: #2 you mean limousine # Those well those were big and I guess seat eight or ten 030: well they did but now they aren't you had to when you called for a limousine you had to know that it's a limousine you know they had to let you know this is what you're getting they used to have the {D: uh uh big limousines here but I don't think there's} too many of those left in Knoxville you send for a limousine you'll probably get a uh maybe Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: um what'd we call 'em a van or one of those little buses or something like that they don't h- I don't think there could be cause I'm gonna have to ride one {NW} and I'm going to but I don't think s- I don't I don't remember seeing big l- Interviewer: how have they they have probably already probably got all the vans when you talk about vans you mean the trucks that uh kind of open at the side or or pull out how are they 030: well some of yes most of 'em open on the side just um it's not like the vans the you would have um Interviewer: for delivery um 030: no I know that's not what I was thinking about the vans that you would have for your personal self you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: the one that you would have all decked out on the inside {NW} Interviewer: #1 camping # 030: #2 {NW} yeah # but uh it's just one that has maybe seats in it or anywhere from nine to twelve people Interviewer: kinda like that Volkswagen bus 030: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: something similar to the Volksw- they could be Volkswagen bus Interviewer: yeah 030: {NW} Interviewer: the car that you know you could have a six van in the back kind of a long car 030: station wagon Interviewer: and um let's see you talking about those trucks those vans what other kinds of small trucks might a family own you know not a big diesel or anything 030: I y- uh you mean the mobile homes that I uh a Winnebago and that a executive and {NW} Interviewer: I guess those rise in some money too 030: yes they're Interviewer: especially right now 030: yeah they cost m- as much as you would pay for a house Interviewer: what about small trucks that you just wanna have a 030: a camper #1 {NW} would you # Interviewer: #2 when you wouldn't have for camping # you would just use 030: well you know a lot of people in Knoxville have uh trucks and they have uh then what we call uh a truck bed they just back the truck up on in and fasten it on and go on back and this is what they call a camper and put it on the truck bed Interviewer: that's um I'm surprised is that what goes on a pick up truck 030: Mm-hmm a regular pick up truck Interviewer: and um let's see what um what about a truck you would use to deliver things in um you know not an open bed but a closed in 030: um Interviewer: they that was used for delivering cakes or maybe even flowers you'd say 030: well they come they come more or less come in vans everything is in vans here I- i- in this day and age {NW} it didn't used to be ours be that-a-way but it's in vans they come in vans yeah Interviewer: what about the public transportation did you want 030: the K.T.L. Interviewer: mm what you'd catch a what to get downtown catch a 030: K.T.L. well generally if I'm gonna say I I have to ride the bus today or I'm gonna catch the bus but uh the main part is the K.T.L. and it runs every thirty minutes if you're lucky {NW} #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 I I # even at school get um pretty regularly towards school 030: oh UT? Interviewer: {X} for a quarter or so, you can't 030: yeah well we- I have to pay forty cents but I don't mind because I live uh between park city and Burlington Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: and when I put forty cents in I come #1 yeah pretty good rates all the way across town # Interviewer: #2 Pretty good rates # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: and that's the one thing about our buses they do go complete from one end of town to the other Interviewer: well you're in good shape 030: Mm-hmm Interviewer: now we're talking about the car, inside the car uh uh a car a car has various instruments like a speedometer and all like that 030: Mm Interviewer: we call that it's up there up on the 030: on the panel board Interviewer: and um what about the little compartment that you might keep something in 030: #1 yeah uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: bouncing things} # 030: well that's what you call the compartment {D: I've learned uh} {D: the compartment there and get out and it might take some whatever} {NW} Interviewer: and the part of the back that you put your luggage on that uh 030: trunk Interviewer: what about uh the thing that you would uh mash to get it to go 030: the gas pedal Interviewer: Mm. 030: yeah and the starter Interviewer: yeah 030: um that's um let me see uh the dashboard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: {NS} guess that's just about all I know about cars Interviewer: dashboard and the panelboards the same? 030: yeah well sometimes I would call it I- if I say the dashboard or look on the panel up there and tell me what you know whatever it is it would be the same it would I would if it was said to me I would take it to mean the same thing Interviewer: what about the thing you would shift 030: the gears Interviewer: if you do would you do make any distinction between the floor or the column 030: well when more or less when one is in the floor that's um what you would call a four speed one that would get the speed to the one though cause automatic the uh generally have it on the steering wheel when you would just put put it in drive and go head on j but the vehicle often near you of course just about have it in the floor now Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you would call them that 030: Uh-huh Interviewer: well uh we're talking about the cars and stuff the things that I guess some shopping centers keep these little hump these kind of 030: {X} Interviewer: they called 'em 030: um {NW} just what you said the little humps you know but that's not the name for 'em uh they call 'em some kind of stretch but I don't re- Interviewer: you ever heard them called speed breakers or 030: yeah speed breakers c- now let me see where was I going to Pontiac Michigan and we ran into speed breakers before we got off the highway when you get ready to come off you go with speed breakers Interviewer: that could really do your car some damage 030: now well it's they aren't like they are when they are no they're not like they are when they on uh in on private property when in well like apartment buildings has speed breakers around but when you come off off there it's uh it's a different {X} really Interviewer: Mm-hmm talk about the things say uh you got some maps and you wanna do something around the you might want to hold um together you might want to put a 030: a rubber band Interviewer: well what about you got anything like to clip over something you call that 030: a clip board Interviewer: yeah or say like this thing right here 030: um, that's a paper clip Interviewer: ever heard that called a Jim clip 030: yeah that's what on the bikes when you buy but I but that's what I'd say #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: yeah but uh under in but I would never think to call it that's it's do you have any paper clips more or less then I would know what you were talking about but if I guess it's somebody asked if I did I have any Jim clips Interviewer: where I'd say something like Jim clips is a brand name 030: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Coca Cola or Pepsi or something 030: Mm-hmm Interviewer: and we're talking asking about the car and truck things the different kinda firetrucks you know with uh different kinds off or something say one 030: uh well let me see uh you have the ladder truck, one that carries the ladders um or there's um I don't know Interviewer: anyone where you just shoot out the water from 030: in that not well now that's just what you would call here we would just call it a regular firetruck but it maybe it has another name Interviewer: what about the kind where th- you know how it might say like it's the twenty-third 030: #1 {NW} that's the ladder truck it when they would have the ladders to go all the way up # Interviewer: #2 yeah and they'd have`a real # have you seen 'em where they can put the fire out in the this little compartment. they can use 030: yeah on a crane #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 any name for that special # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: no I mean I'm sure they do have names but um Interviewer: do you maybe call them a snorkel truck or something 030: Mm-mm no Interviewer: I don't know that Knoxville has why I- I've never seen enough fires to really know 030: {D: mead} and we've had some big fires and I'll see but um people go to look at things like that I don't #1 {NW} no # Interviewer: #2 I've never # I'll bet the biggest thing came up just on thirty-second street 030: yeah and that was one of 'em uh-huh but they had one hear that {NS} um that had paint or something in it and it was a pretty big house they have had some pretty big fires around here though {NS} like I said there when I'm on my way home I never stop to look at it I don't like tragedies Interviewer: Mm-hmm now we are talking about the emergency vehicles like that if uh say that you call paramedics or something like that what would call would you call um anything 030: uh yeah you you mean when the ambulance would come but they's let me see what do they call those little things now {NW} well it's an ambulance but they wouldn't call um they would more or less say that the paramedics come in or uh it was let me see what did they call give me a minute to fire department Interviewer: {NS} 030: and the rescue squad or stuff but you know nine times out of ten Interviewer: department 030: uh-huh they don't ever say {X} Interviewer: truck 030: Mm-mm not really Interviewer: don't worry I don't have one either 030: {NW} Interviewer: the car that the the the uh say the fire chief might come in any way what do you call his car got a name for that 030: well, that's just it the chief came in you know the fire- {X} uh say or either when you see that little red car streaking ahead everybody knows there goes the chief must be pretty big fire but they I've never heard it called any particular name because I mean Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: usually when you just see that the little red car you know it's so Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: belongs to the fire department so Interviewer: what about different kinds of police vehicles what different kind of police vehicle would you see in this area 030: they have just regular police cars and if you downtown you're gonna see those little um um let me see what in the world do they call 'em #1 that they ride n- not motorcycles but I'm trying to think but yeah but um # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: what they Interviewer: what they're going to 030: I really and truly don't know what they call 'em w- you know it's a little old what the more or less what the um ladies ride in when they're giving you a ticket {NW} they would when you see 'em coming then you would know that you were in the wrong but I don't know I know they have a name but I don't know know what it is Interviewer: what about something totally what if they arrested a whole bunch of people 030: it's in the Paddy Wagon Interviewer: yeah 030: {NW} yeah Interviewer: I was a little kid I was a patrol boy and had big thrills whenever we'd get to ride #1 to the police station in the Paddy Wagon very very fun or # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 030: #2 # Before I started working over here I worked as a crossing guard Interviewer: oh really 030: uh-huh and I was crossing guard for about seven or eight years and I had lots of patrol boys in mm it's now I see them and they're grown but their big trip was getting to go to Washington every year {NW} Interviewer: we took a trip to Jacksonville to the naval place down there and we were told that we had one trip to the police station we'd go to the police station and they'd come out and get us in the Paddy Wagon 030: yeah that's the one {NW} Interviewer: we talked about airplanes and things something that might that they might fly in on an airplane they might police might go over the city and uh 030: helicopter yeah Interviewer: I guess thats it Knoxville getting about the size of 030: {NW} Interviewer: pay attention to that 030: right Interviewer: we talked about big disasters and all we talked about fires what are some of the kind of natural disasters that kinds of different names you have for the kinds of storms the big wind storms what would you call 'em 030: well {NW} you know we're not in the area where you're gonna have w- if it's really and you know like its a thunderstorm electrical storm you know or you you might say that the wind was extremely high and they have had tornadoes to touch down here but a hurricane and all these things we're just not in that area uh-uh but that kind but w- now we have had some mighty high winds but not hurricane force or anything Interviewer: there's not really been any tornadoes here 030: no uh-uh. you th- they hit around before they get to us because we are in the valley so that kinda s- saves us but if one gets in you're in trouble {NW} Interviewer: I did a lot of these interviews in Florida and the people down weren't hurricanes n- hurricanes never bothered 'em that was just like a {X} 030: a bad uh-huh Interviewer: they just board up the house and stayed right at home apparently we were worried more than they were about a 030: and when it when when it really when the wind gets real high here you um {NS} it's it's frightening to go downstairs in the basement cause you're just not used to it Interviewer: What about a storm where you have uh maybe a lot of sleet and things like that like freezing rain 030: Yeah well that's what's here you could we haven't really had a hailstorm and you might say that it did hail or we have had {D: weather winded} rain, sleet, and lighting and thunder but that's just about what you would call some more bad weather Interviewer: Would you ever have ice storms around or any like that 030: we did have one once but Interviewer: is that just where it rained 030: every every uh-huh it was what you would call a freezing rain and it was it would when it hit the ground Interviewer: froze right 030: It froze, yes and uh nobody wanted to. well you'd you would look at the street and it didn't look like anything was wrong with it but it would really be ice Interviewer: now uh let's see we talked about uh firetrucks and all what would you call a man who fights fires 030: a firefighters um just a regular fireman but I mean you know that's I I'd guess maybe other places they do have different names Interviewer: Have you heard any slang terms for firemen maybe that you might hear you might any 030: Mm-mm no I don't think so you know like um I know plenty of 'em that work for the fire department but it just you know Interviewer: No firemen all over the city 030: Mm-hmm Interviewer: what do they do 030: {NW} I've never heard 'em called anything just like a police man course you know we have a- we we wouldn't know of all of these things if they didn't put um on T-V but we do hear some strange things sometimes Interviewer: what the terms that you might hear in these area for policemen you think anything you might hear a kind of slang term for a police man 030: yeah well Interviewer: on T-V within this area 030: yeah well more or less like just like you would here or anywhere else if he's black, then he is uh that black dude was over where if he's white, the honkey was here or the pig was here well now pig don't have any color Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: you know he's just a pig re- uniform that's what he is but now in just if he's Interviewer: Is that usually used for a police man or any policemen 030: #1 it's {NW} there's just # Interviewer: #2 do you what I mean # 030: de- depend on the crowd of people their attitude toward it you know because you could go in some places where they're highly respected and you go in other places where it's just you just couldn't get a kind word for one any kind of way Interviewer: what about the place where the fireman and all would would stay and keep the fire truck 030: at the fire department ah uh it's you might say department number because h- the num- all of 'em here are numbered and and your number so and so at our department number so was that but that's just a bit more or less the way that they category here Interviewer: any name for the the house itself where they keep the trucks and all 030: no when you say the department that #1 that includes everything that everybody sleeps, eats, and keep uh right there # Interviewer: #2 Right there. # what about where the policemen report in and things what would you call that 030: you mean like at the jail Interviewer: Mm-hmm they all the police that are stationed at the jail 030: well when they go in and work I don't think there's any other place it could be but you know I see them when they reporting for work they go in in at the city jail and they go in and come out and put whatever I guess they have to check in like do like everybody else Interviewer: well we talked about that you mentioned the jail there at the park there'd be alcohol and some hard drugs 030: in the drunk tank {NW} yeah Interviewer: I bet that's smelly 030: yeah {NW} yes my goodness and the drunk t- I've never seen one I would like to Interviewer: I'll see one from the outside 030: {NW} yeah on this side of it not on the inside Interviewer: we um 030: {NW} Interviewer: what kinds of things would a policeman carry for protection like 030: a billy a blackjack handcuffs gun um when a lot of people don't know this but keys they use their keys cause they have quite a few now I know Interviewer: just like brass knuckles 030: uh-huh u- uh it's um it's more or less like if you in a situation where somebody has got you almost hemmed up and you can't get to nothing but your keys, they're helpful Interviewer: now is there a difference between the blackjack and the billy 030: uh-huh a blackjack is a little small flat lid it with a lid on the end and the billy uh-huh and the billy is the long Interviewer: #1 stick # 030: #2 stick uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 # 030: #2 # Interviewer: let's see we were talking about how we were talking about the drunk tank and everything say someone who um find out out in the gutter there you'd call him a what 030: alcoholic you know it that goes to saying drunk again Interviewer: what about someone maybe who's not exactly an alcoholic but just kind of bums around around the 030: that's exactly what he is a bum #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 A bum? # and uh what about a you know maybe a cheap hotel that might cater to like 030: {D: the flop houses} yeah Interviewer: and uh now someone hold on I wanted to see um a woman who sells her sex would be a 030: prostitute Interviewer: yeah any other names 030: uh-huh whore {NW} Interviewer: those equivalent terms 030: Mm-hmm #1 well that # Interviewer: #2 One was nicer # than the other 030: yeah well I I put it to you like this one that makes big money say she is a prostitute and one that makes small money she's a whore #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I guess a bit different # 030: but yeah no it didn't both of 'em are doing the same thing but uh yeah but if you say um if you are if you're talking to one or reading about any of 'em you'll notice that they were say this high class call girl Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: uh then there's how uh it'd the the call girl is really making big money the prostitute she's living pretty well but when you get to the bottom line you know {NW} Interviewer: now here before there were several of them that'd might work anything for that 030: no I don't think so I mean now Interviewer: uh but they probably wouldn't really have a house of them 030: #1 well yeah uh-huh but that don't mean too much a lot of things illegal that don't really mean too much # Interviewer: #2 it's illegal # 030: they might have a house and that's what they would call it or to whoever has {D: allow them to work at uh} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: uh I don't uh you I've heard 'em call I've heard 'em called in the places called whorehouses but um that was when Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: all of 'em lived in one place and you the men went to see them but see now during my era I think more or less you were called to come and go to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: because I mean until I went to Washington I never even seen anybody stand on the street and hustle I read about it I didn't believe it but I saw it {NW} Interviewer: now then in fact I was a big city guy too 030: uh-huh I never you know I never there could be a district here that people work at uh that I mean if it is they they probably work out of hotels but I've never seen 'em just what you say stand on the street and solicit and then I have read in the paper where they have been arrested for soliciting but I had Interviewer: so it'd have to be a massage parlor 030: uh-huh or they had wherever they I don't know where they live or how they managed this cause they solicit from cars or whatever I don't know like I said cause I've never seen it here Interviewer: the man the manager that would work the prostitutes do you have a name for him 030: um yeah because they have to have a pimp {NW} but they what they called they mean men Interviewer: yeah well that was a term I hadn't really heard until I was of an age I was watching a lot of 030: yeah well you know T-V is really brought the outside world in Interviewer: that the next question the question's about names of different drugs and things that the illegal things that some people smoke 030: I don't know why they're letting the kids play in the hamper like that {NW} go ahead Interviewer: the illegal drug that somebody might smoke 030: Marijuana Interviewer: have you ever heard any of the other names 030: yeah joint have you got a- have you got a joint man have you got any scag Interviewer: Scag? 030: uh-huh. Um j's Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: um that is just for one I think Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: yeah Interviewer: what about the harder drugs that you might hear of what what other kinds of hard 030: I don't know um I've never been around anybody that really used hard drugs so I I mean it could be a name I could have read um but u- uh they don't mean anything to me so I don't try to retain that but I I know when they use heroin they call it something have you got a hit but then a hit could be some of anything Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: uh th- this would if whatever your crowd uses then that could be a hit, so I wouldn't say that it would be I've heard um heroin called uh the monkey on your back but I don't know if you and I were both users then maybe we would have a term for it but for but just being around people I don't you know I don't really and truly know about it Interviewer: You were talking about a user somebody who is hooked on it what would you call him 030: just just what you said somebody that's hooked on or well it's users that's you know uh and they say well he's Interviewer: like an addict he's 030: yeah he's an addict he's uh if you um if somebody come in the room then somebody might say more or less like well he's on hard drugs or something like that Interviewer: yeah uh say someone who sold drugs they 030: pushers Interviewer: they or they now you is he usually a user or 030: nine times out of ten t- out of ten a pusher doesn't use all he want is the money uh-huh see he'll sell it to you and laugh at you {NW} #1 but I don't think I don't think yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: I don't think most pushers are users Interviewer: the uh we talked about {D: he's raising money any differing terms if had you had some terms people wanted to use} 030: yeah bread you got any bread man yeah {NW} Uh let me see uh that's most of the time what they said have you got any bread but my guess there are other terms for money and things like that but Interviewer: {X} 030: uh-huh Interviewer: what let me see now what about a place where you you need some quick uh some quick money you sell a ring you'd go to the 030: pawn shop Interviewer: yeah 030: um yeah well that's a pawn shop to the l- one of those loan shops downtown Interviewer: say something not like alcohol you'd like to drink not not hard liquor but you might drink 030: what, wine? Not an alcoholic {NW} {D: He'll drink some splow, but yeah} but uh uh alcohol well I guess uh you would call it wino and alcoholic cause it's {X} the same thing Interviewer: what you mentioned spoil what do you mean by that is that uh 030: that's white whiskey what the call a white lightning #1 Homemade # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: come out of the hills {NW} Interviewer: now I guess you know there's nothing you here like that you'd really isolated areas 030: yeah that's where they usually set it at and they always reading trying to find stills and things around here but that's something I've known about all my life uh whiskey runners but um I've never really and truly seen anybody try to really stop whiskey runners and they run everywhere Interviewer: Well I must I guess pass some cash to somebody somewhere 030: I don't know but ever since I was little I'm I mean ever since I can remember there's always been someone who's been there Interviewer: Hmm the uh uh any any names with different kinds of lines they saw when you might have for dinner 030: Yeah well there's dinner wine. Let me see there's the mad dog {NW} uh Interviewer: {D: Maybe down near twenty} 030: Yeah {D: Morgan Davis twenty t- and what there's another one} appplejack uh but now those are kind of wines that you're gonna find that people smoke pot with you know uh but that's not the uh it's one that they drink here all the time whenever you see a bottle of you know just about who had it Interviewer: mm 030: But I can't think of the name of it Interviewer: Let's see uh 030: Uh uh uh uh Interviewer: Any uh any kind of word or name or anything for a cheaper wine 030: yeah well this this that's what I'm trying to #1 think of the name of this # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: because it's about eighty-nine cents uh not a not over a dollar a dollar a bottle Interviewer: Is it ripple 030: #1 {D: Yeah you have the uh red and green spring ripple when you say out of} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: wines you know somebody who found it out there but there anyone particular one but I can't think the name of it Interviewer: what's that kind that has all the different flavors fruit 030: yeah oh but Interviewer: I I I don't know about that I can't think of the name of it 030: uh Cause you can get it in apple cherry just about any yeah anything you wanted it'd be just about Interviewer: yeah that stuff made in you think it might be Louisiana or somewhere farther 030: I don't know where it's made or any but they must make it mighty fast and send it out fast because it's a lot of it's sold in Knoxville Interviewer: what about more expensive that you might have 030: {D: something yeah rose uh burgundy} um Interviewer: now what is it all red 030: no not all of 'em um some uh some of 'em are white white wines Interviewer: all your talking about wine or winos the place the part of town where you might see a lot of winos got any name for that 030: mm mm-hmm Well let me see Interviewer: where you might see um fighting down on the 030: and you um I don't think you could see I- here now well {D: um like uh a strip you could find some of any thing but you wouldn't find 'em out here like} you do in the big city but guys would every section of town carries its own you know {NW} you gonna have 'em and uh but I don't know uh I don't if whether there's any particular place where winos just really hang out cause I know of people that drank a lot and you see 'em anywhere just in you just look up and here they come you know Interviewer: what about the name for a place that like a movie house or a theater that shows a lot of x-rated 030: movies Interviewer: any names for a location like that kinda rude kinda movies 030: uh no not to me #1 uh well I've never been to one in the first place I wouldn't know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 030: I know we had one on gay street and it was just you know but they closed and I never went to Interviewer: uh what we were talking about there was a policeman and a fireman and the guy that carried the mail what would you call him 030: mailman Interviewer: what about the the one that picks up your garbage 030: uh he's a garbage man in the garbage truck Interviewer: you know you seem like somebody that that has a 030: we don't call 'em garbage men. Trashmen #1 uh less more or less # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 030: and now I think that whenever since they have had made sure the you had to put your garbage in a green bag and everything they don't even uh we just call 'em more or less dump trucks did the you know we used to say did the the trashman come today and now they say that the garbage did they pick up the garbage today Interviewer: what a- what about a person who is able to get a lot a favors down at city hall you know able to always 030: go down and talk to somebody Interviewer: what what would you call that kind of first or anything what would you say you had 030: political pull Interviewer: yeah well 030: {NW} Interviewer: And what about so maybe uh city or state employee or something has no real job no responsibility who's just kinda on the payroll you know what I mean 030: Yeah let me see what do they call 'em Interviewer: He just gets salary and doesn't really 030: do anything yeah but but then he's in everything you see 'em around uh I don't know what they called 'em but I sure do know what your talking about {NW} cause they all over Interviewer: Ever heard it called payroll or anything like that 030: no usually they let me see no I don't know what they call 'em but uh it's you know we do have political {D: boards in Knoxville} those are the ones that hang on you go down to city city hall and they always there Interviewer: Mm-hmm You you talked about the trashmen and everything the uh the can outside what what what would you call that 030: the trashcan Interviewer: what about uh the big the big green things that they pick up the trucks pick up like that 030: the you mean the one they come to empty the dumpsters Um let me see Interviewer: what you call it the dumpster truck 030: uh-huh Interviewer: and uh what about you see a machine that some people might have at home 030: compressors trash compressor yeah Interviewer: and um uh what I'll see I'll ask you question about different kinds of stores what would you call a larger kind of food stores and shopping centers what would you 030: you mean y- what do I call s- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: #1 A full store in the shopping center # Interviewer: #2 yeah the big large ones meaning # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 030: well that's um mm Interviewer: so you might go along and say say something like I went to the store 030: shopping center or usually I don't say went to the store anymore I either go to Kroger's or I went to the mp I never s- you know uh um I went to the I-G-A full diner I never say to the grocery store or Interviewer: the the supermarkets are grocery stores 030: yeah um well I've been to the supermarket but um I guess I've heard that term quite a a bit but usually um if I'm going to the store I say I'm going to the white store or to the mp I'm going at Kroger's and then when people ask me did you go to uh supermarket I say #1 which one yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 030: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # the uh uh neighborhood stores what did you any name for that what'd you call it when 030: a little small grocery store um just a little old neighborhood grocery Interviewer: what about one that maybe it's where you stand a pack stacks or something open from seven to eleven 030: you oh you mean yeah uh {NW} you you some of 'em are called a minimart and some of 'em are called um {D: what in the world do they call those stickers} family pantries we have those things all over town Interviewer: and the big convenience 030: yeah convenience food stores and we do have the seven eleven here Interviewer: we talked about the um culinary thing what about the cooking utensils maybe a you know for people to be able to fry something 030: in a skillet Interviewer: no you might plug in and what would you call that 030: electric skillet yeah Interviewer: if you were saving up for a a kind of small {NS} {NS} 030: excuse me Interviewer: a kind of oven to cook food in a hurry 030: microwave microwave oven Interviewer: uh what are we talking about stores what about a small store you'd go get like sausages or or salads or leeks and things like that just 030: uh Interviewer: sandwiches 030: there was {X} but I have those here but we don't call 'em that and down to the dairy we don't have many of those here like they have in big cities we have on on Gay Street though Daniel Harrell's and thats what we call it Daniel Harell's Interviewer: Mm-hmm 030: it's real nice Interviewer: and uh a coin operated place where you'd go do your clothes 030: laundromat Interviewer: and uh now say your dirty clothes then you might put them in in with a lid you might wanna put your clothes 030: in the hamper Interviewer: and uh if you were cleaning you know now instead of using a broom you might us a 030: vacuum cleaner Interviewer: what do you call the thing you have to empty you know with the vacuum cleaner 030: uh uh cleaning bag that's exactly what they are and inexpensive Interviewer: say your mopping the little plastic thing you might put water in 030: in the bucket Interviewer: now the uh a man who in a in the funeral the man who's in charge of the funeral you call him the 030: general director or see when you uh live in a small area like in Knoxville, you just call him by his name hate me when you automatically say mr Tate if you're here you know you know who they use that say well johnny could continue you know where johnny come from {NW} Interviewer: now do you have a vehicle that you could take the casket in 030: uh in a hearse Interviewer: and uh any names for the buildings where 030: {X} Interviewer: what about those buildings where your entered you know have you a name for the place you actually store the names the names have you seen you seen what kind of 030: {NW} Interviewer: what's it 030: {NW} Interviewer: instead of burying you in the ground they have 030: oh the mausoleums {D: uh that what you're talking about that that's what they} Interviewer: do they do they even have any in this area 030: I don't think so {NW} no no I know there aren't any here Interviewer: and um now um the last time we we did a questionnaire we talked about cigarettes any other names have just for regular cigarettes any other terms that you might use 030: a smoke I gotta smoke man um but that's just about it I don't know I don't know any of them names for a cigarette Interviewer: what about a room in the house thats designed to get a lot of sunlight in that we have a lot of windows in hope maybe some glass on the roof with lots of sun any name for that kind of room in the house 030: um Interviewer: that might have a lot of plants 030: oh now if like you have a hot house or something in your house uh Interviewer: thats different from what I'm you ever have a sun room in your house or anything like that 030: uh no no I didn't it would be I've been in sun rooms and I think they're beautiful but no I never had one Interviewer: there you go 030: {NW} Interviewer: now what about informal rooms for maybe relaxing and T-V 030: like in the den yeah now we had that Interviewer: and uh now say a a room you know maybe be a bathroom but one where you have just a toilet and a sink or a shower 030: and uh I have one of those but I don't I just {NW} I never see what would I call it mm Interviewer: well when you were describing your house would you say you had two baths 030: no I would say I had bath and a half uh-huh and because the other one's not a complete bath Interviewer: and um what about heating what kinds of heating equipment in your house would heat your house 030: um now the one I been living in I we have {D: sill heat} the one I moved from we had uh oil heat the one Interviewer: furnace for that oil heat or 030: no we just had an oil stove and it was connected outside you know had wood on tacked on the outside of the house all ran in and that's was the heat Interviewer: what about cooling you guys do anything to cool 030: air conditioner A small room air conditioner Interviewer: w- what would you ever seen the houses where you with heat thats pocketed to all rooms 030: you mean the solar heat like what they have there uh that's what you're talking about or about the steam heat Interviewer: what kind of air conditioning that goes from to all the rooms could you 030: oh the um um uh like the carrier going through Interviewer: Out of the woodwork 030: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: You didn't something, didn't give us to} # 030: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: I don't know work what people are doing} 030: {NW} Interviewer: {X} central heating and air condi- 030: -ditioning yeah We now there are most houses that are being built now got it. Central heating. Interviewer: {D: I guess} 030: And air conditioning, you know. Interviewer: Have you ever seen the kind of house that the kind I was born in uh where you can open all the doors in the house and the front door and open and you see #1 straight # 030: #2 straight # through it uh-huh. Kind of a shotgun house. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} How many rooms did they they usually have? Was there any limit on the number? 030: Most of 'em were three rooms shotgun houses some of 'em were four rooms but uh they were still straight through. Interviewer: The have you ever seen a house that maybe I can draw it used to have a lot of 'em in Alabama. Sometimes you got one big room right here one big room right here and this kind of an open well there's a there's a roof over that this is an open hall it's just a big there's no door or anything. It's just completely open. It's it's covered by a roof and you get a roof over it 030: You mean um Y- y- Like a breezeway? In between, yeah. Interviewer: Ever seen a a kind of house like that? 030: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you have a name for it ever? 030: N- not the house but all- all I would say is the house had a breezeway. Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody call it a dog trot house? Or a double pen house? 030: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Now they're not I don't think those kind of houses are nearly as common here as they are like {D: well south} from Alabama. 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {D: In Alabama you see 'em a pretty good bit} Now what about a house that's kinda like this. It's got a long entry hall and then maybe a big {D: sink} big one large room that that's set at a an angle to the room {D: maybe some call it this} you have the um entry hall here the big room there. Be something like that. Can you give me a name for that kind of house? 030: No, I don't think I've ever seen one like that either. Interviewer: I haven't either. 030: {NW} No. Interviewer: Huh people, some people call it a hall and parlor house or a {D: flying ale} or 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Don't ring a bell? 030: No. Interviewer: What about any other names for kinds of houses like that shotgun house? that you know? 030: No, just two-stories and mm you know and well we call some of the houses that they built little crackerbox houses. Interviewer: #1 Like the small # 030: #2 you know # Yeah, the square houses. Interviewer: {X} 030: And then there were the flat tops when they came out. Interviewer: My father used to say My dad used to {D: say you can throw us out if you change your mind} 030: {NW} yeah {C: laughing} crackerbox Interviewer: You seen those maybe sometimes a field house where they have a a bunch of small houses in just a line little small 030: #1 I've seen 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {D: name for those kind of houses} # 030: Uh-uh. I mean I've seen 'em but um that's just like they used to have those little railroad houses but they call 'em shanties Interviewer: Shanties? 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Have you ever heard {X} You ever heard anybody talk about row houses or anything like 030: Yeah that's Now I've read about that but I uh that they call 'em row houses but but I thought when they call 'em row houses with the houses that were #1 built all on to one you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: Took up a whole block, more or less. But Interviewer: #1 {D: I wonder if anybody's ever seen those in Birmingham} # 030: #2 Now # Interviewer: And that some in Birmingham. 030: Well, no I don't think I've ever even seen 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Let's see. We talked- we talked about condominiums and apartments a while ago. Uh any name- any other name for those kind of apartments? Say if for example you had to go inside to all of the apartments you had to go inside though you didn't have an outside entrance it was just all in one building. 030: That's um more or less boarding houses more or less. Like but that's just about the only kind I know. Interviewer: Did people around here ever use the term flat? Like a a flat? Talking about a place you lived. 030: No. Interviewer: Mostly- 030: I mean they could. N- I don't know anything about 'em. Interviewer: I suppose I've only heard it from a boy I know from New York who 030: Lived in a flat. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I g- I think that what it is is an apartment, and it #1 that takes up a whole level # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: of an apartment building, but I'm not really sure. 030: No, I don't know anything about that. Interviewer: What about the man who maybe is in charge of the apartment building who looks after the uh 030: The manager. Uh-huh. Who's supposed to look after you? The manager. Interviewer: What about a man who actually does chores around there, who would actually 030: You have a janitor and janitor service. Interviewer: Now some of the things you might use outside to keep up your lawn, what are some of the things you might use to to keep your lawn up? 030: Uh lawnmowers, um riding mowers, {NW} and what's the- weed eaters. {NW} Interviewer: {X} 030: Yeah. Now but that's just about all of it. Interviewer: The lawnmowers, are those usually electric or gas or? 030: Ours is gas. They do have um I guess they have electric lawnmowers. I don't know. I never used one. Never even seen one, really. Interviewer: The um um we talked about 030: Oh we have a push mower. That's the one I use. {NW} Interviewer: That's probably what I would use If you wanted to to get the leaves up you'd just use a 030: A rake. Interviewer: Any- Say a- a rake that you might use out in a garden, any different name for that? 030: Well you had the broom rake and then you had the- the- the one with the prongs in it, but I don't- I mean both of 'em are just rakes I guess. Interviewer: The uh- What about something you might- you had your little garden out #1 behind your house. # 030: #2 Use the hoe? # {NW} And uh let me see. What else do you use when you go out there- the pick? Interviewer: Yeah, and say you'd wanted to maybe had about half an acre and you wanted to turn it over. 030: Spade it. Yeah. Uh, now I know about those things cause I have one. {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever- would you ever use a row tiller or anything like- 030: Yeah We have a row tiller. That's what we use. We don't use a spade. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: And sometimes we have a man come over with his um uh whatcha call that thing? Mm. What- tractor {NW} That's what I'm trying to say. He'd come over with his tractor and turn the- My- my mother had to have a tractor because her garden is much larger, but we just use a little hand row tiller for ours. Interviewer: What about the kind of fork you might dig with? 030: We have a fork here for the garden not- uh that's more or less what- what- we use it for moving things. We have a fork. Interviewer: What about a {D: loop} one might use for plants like that? 030: Yeah well hand tools we have I have some of those. Interviewer: Any names for specific kinds of hand tools? 030: Well, you do have one that you're gonna dig dirt with and uh one that well we have a- pr- I have pruning shears and all those things. Interviewer: Now um what about if you wanted to trim a hedge? 030: Well, um they just have se- shears, hand shears for that. But now mostly everybody's got electric. {NW} {D: But who wants to cut off the hedges with the trimmer} {D: are more- they use 'em uh for some of everything according to how heavy they are} Interviewer: And what about kind of s- s- if you wanted to cut down a tree or cut limbs on trees what might you use? 030: But that- uh those uh I don't know what they call that thing they put up and pull the rope and it would #1 cut # Interviewer: #2 low pruner? # 030: Yeah, low pruner. Now I've seen those used and then they- now most of the time though they use those little saws. Electrical saws. Interviewer: Yeah kinda like {X} 030: Yeah but I- they those pruning things are still very much in demand cause I seen a man cut 'em away from around the wires and Interviewer: The uh uh next question will be about kinds of food. Could you tell me about some of the different cuts of beef that you might use? 030: Well a chuck roast, you mean stuff like that? A chuck roast or buy stew meat uh steaks, ribeye, um T-bone or something like that. Interviewer: But you know, the ribeye steak, how's it different from the T- is it different, how's it different from the T-bone? 030: Uh, let me see. {NW} A T-bone steak really has a more or less like a bone uh T-bone in it but a ribeye steak to me, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: It's not as goos as a T-bone steak. But it's- it's o- it's nice- it's #1 I don't- it's- it's the way it's cut. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: It's kind of a long, yeah, uh-huh. Interviewer: What about the cut- different cuts of pork- what kind of different cuts of pork might you use? 030: Um {X} Well, just about everything on the hog. Um, you have the ham, the ham hocks, the shoulder, pig feet, pig tails, chitterlings, #1 all of that. You use it all. Pig ears, everything. # Interviewer: #2 Are there # different kinds of ham that you might use? 030: Um, you mean like Interviewer: Different varieties of ham? 030: Um, you know it's kind of hard for me to think about that because you know I go in the store and buy mine in the can, a rolled ham, one that's already no-bone, boneless. {NW} Uh I don't know. Interviewer: Good for you. I guess you get the like smoked ham or 030: Yeah, you get smoked ham, smoked bacon, country bacon, or {NW} country ham. Uh. {NW} Uh then you have some hams that aren't even cured that you could buy and pick up, but- but more or less they call those the fresh- uh pork shoulder I think what they did. Interviewer: What about- do you ever have any lamb? Ever eaten lamb? 030: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What different cuts of lamb might you use? 030: Um, uh, let me see. I've had lamb chops, I've had leg of lamb, uh but that's just about all. Interviewer: I don't think I've ever had any lamb at all. 030: Oh. {NW} Interviewer: But what about poultry? Do you have any different cuts or different 030: #1 Do you mean # Interviewer: #2 varieties of chickens like # {D: fryer or broiler?} 030: Yeah. Hens, fryers or broilers. parts of chicken, chicken, chicken. Interviewer: What's the difference between a fryer and a broiler? Is it 030: Well, one is supposed to be a- a little bit larger. A broiler is supposed to be a little bit larger than a fryer. Interviewer: And what about for roasting what might you use? 030: A hen. Interviewer: Hen? 030: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh what about sausages? Any different kind- what different kind of sausages or different varieties? 030: Let me see. Smoked sausage, pork sausage, beef sausage, {D: all hot and mild, but} and homemade sausage. But I don't- I don't know any other name for 'em. Interviewer: What about those- those things that you wanted to- {NS} {C: Phone ringing} you might've you know At Smoky Mountain market the thing they have every time that they're famous for 030: Their hot dogs? Yeah. Interviewer: And the- the thing in the middle, the meat, what would you call that? The kind- the meat that you have in the hot dog or in the bun? 030: You- you mean chili? Interviewer: Or in yours or in the bun you put what, what could you call the meat? You'd call that a hot dog? 030: Yeah. I mean that's what we call a hot dog. Interviewer: And uh well you've seen the kind of sandwich where you get several different kinds of meats and cheeses 030: A club sandwich? Yeah. Interviewer: And uh what about the thing you might you might drink with a sandwich? You might go to the machine and get a 030: Coke. Or soft drink or pop or a- a cold drink or whatever. Interviewer: That- that Coke. Would you use that to mean any type of cola or just Coca-Cola? 030: Coca-Cola more than li0 more than likely if you ask for a Coke. Most of the times uh what do you what you're gonna drink. Tab, Pepsi, whatever. Interviewer: And um, um anything else you might drink with a say if you didn't want a soft drink, you might have with a sandwich 030: A beer. Yeah. Interviewer: And uh um Are there any- any different things or any different kinds of beer, are there any that you might 030: Yeah, light beer. Um, everybody around here drinks Schlitz or uh- or Schlitz Light. Interviewer: What about the kind that you'd get on tap? 030: Craft beer, uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh what about some of the kinds of sweet cakes and rolls and things that you might have sometimes for breakfast? 030: Well you have sweet rolls, you have cinnamon rolls, you have oh donuts, um you could have coffee cake, you know. Interviewer: What- can you kind of describe a coffee cake to me and tell me? 030: It's um a little round cake with lots of cinnamon. Sometime it has raisins with uh uh powdered sugar icing, you know Interviewer: Is the icing just a white color? 030: Just a kind of a white. Interviewer: What about any different names if you had a donut that had icing on it any different names for that? 030: Well you have cake donuts, you have glazed donuts, you have coconut donuts with- well this is toppings now chocolate, some of everything, cinnamon, apple, lemon filled, cherry filled. {NW} Interviewer: {D: Do you still} the donuts that are jelly filled, any special name for the kind 030: #1 No, they call them j- jelly- # Interviewer: #2 that are jelly filled? # 030: uh jelly donuts. Uh-huh. Interviewer: And what about maybe a rectangular instead of. What 030: They call 'em turnovers? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or donuts kind of rectangular and frosted like that? 030: No. Interviewer: Instead of being round, ever seen one like that? 030: No. Interviewer: The turnovers, what are they? 030: Well they're kind of like an apple turnover or cherry turnover. Interviewer: Ever seen a donut that's kind of like a twisted donut? 030: Yeah and that's what the- what we call, well it's like give me one of those t- twisted donuts {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: And when a woman washes the dishes she might remove her 030: Ring. Interviewer: Now do you have any special names if someone had a ring that was very large and pretentious you thought maybe? 030: Well, usually those are cocktail rings or something like that when you see somebody with a big ring on but then th- uh they wear everything. {NW} You have turquoise rings, silver rings, uh spoon rings, uh all kinds of rings now and they wear 'em every day. Interviewer: Now I've seen those spoon rings, does that match your china and your um silver- 030: I don't know. Don't you ask me. People- I just whenever I go somewhere and see people with rings on all of their fingers, I wonder. {NW} Interviewer: I can't really wear this one a whole lot. I can't wear jewelry, for some reason it makes me 030: Break out. Interviewer: N- never can wear watches, anything 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What- now the short- can you tell me different kinds of shorts that men and women might wear you know like an outfit outside, working the yard or 030: Uh just regular Bermuda shorts, or short shorts, and Interviewer: Bermuda shorts. Are they ones that are kind of long? 030: Mm-hmm worn just above the knee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: And then there are the shorts shorts- short shorts. {NW} Interviewer: And they're the real short ones? 030: Yeah. And, but that's Interviewer: Have you ever seen any that come down about half- below the knees? 030: Um. Yeah, but they're kind of some kind of pants. Interviewer: Yeah those are- Did you ever hear them called calypso pants? 030: Yeah I- I've heard about the calypso pants and I've heard let me see, something else kind of pants they used to call 'em. Interviewer: Oh pedal pushers? 030: Yeah, pedal pushers, that's what they were. And they would come halfway on your legs so that when you were riding bicycles your pants leg didn't get- Interviewer: I've hadn't thought about pedal pushers 030: #1 in a long time # Interviewer: #2 in a long time # 030: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call clothes that were owned previously by somebody else? 030: Like if you're going to a used clothing store? Interviewer: No, no, yeah, or just 030: Hand-me-downs, yeah. Interviewer: And uh, um what about very fashionable or good looking, you know clothes what would you have any name for those? Somebody that's very- what would you say? 030: Uh you mean like uh name brand? Or she wears doors or something like that Very expensive clothes. {NW} Interviewer: Any other name you would just describe what Auxilary: Do you want me to bring something back? 030: Yeah uh {NW} Interviewer: Um, now what about the thing you would store your clothes in in the winter you might put them in a kind of bag to keep out the moths 030: Yeah um you mean like your summer clothes when you store them in the winter? Yeah. Well, let me see what kind of bags are they called, those green plastic bags? Um A clothes- it's something else. They have another name for it. Interviewer: Ever hear 'em call it garment bag? 030: Yeah, garment bags when you go in the store. They um They sell a lot, I've seen a lot uh but they sell those in the spring for you to store your winter clothes in. For um your coats and things like that. Interviewer: Are they- is that different from the kind you'd say you were going on a trip, traveling, the kind you might carry your clothes in? 030: #1 Yeah, they're very different. # Interviewer: #2 What would you call those? # 030: Um. Overnight bags, and uh suit bags, and uh there's one just like that you know a garment bag which you just carry one thing in. Interviewer: What about the bag you might get 'em in at the cleaners, what would you call that when you pick 'em up? 030: Plastic bag Interviewer: #1 Just plastic bag? And uh # 030: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: What about different styles of shoes out there. Not for brand names but you know different styles of shoes that men and women wear? 030: #1 You mean like loafers and hush puppies and T-straps? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # What- what's a T-strap now? 030: Uh, that's a sandal #1 {D: with the uh-huh with the uh the T- come str- with the strap coming straight up you know fasten around ankle} # Interviewer: #2 All kinds. # 030: But um Interviewer: What about the ones that would come up on the uh calf? 030: A mini boot? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: But that's a hush puppy more or less {NW} Well, uh let me see. Well, then they have tennis shoes and sandals, everything. Interviewer: What about different names for different kinds of hairstyles, you know like The- the what women used to wear when they {D: cut- cut layered like that} 030: Yeah, well they have um I don't know what hairstyles I know names for. There used to be pageboys and all these things but now they have the feather cut, um the dutch boy cut, like the short and sassy #1 you- just any. {NW} You just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Oh I don't have anything for that myself. I just go in and tell her nothing. Leave it down. 030: #1 Yeah. And what, you know, usually when I go get my hair washed, it's just rolled in a basic roll # Interviewer: #2 Just- just above # 030: and she's how you want it combed and I say well, I'll just comb it you know and you just- I don't have any particular names for Interviewer: That uh did you- any name that you'd have for say uh a boy or a man with womanish ways? What would- what kind of name would- 030: Well, sometimes he would be called a homo, sometimes he could be called gay, a sissy, and well {D: a kooks} {D: you name it, they'll call him anything} Interviewer: This would be- you- you might even call him gay or homo even if he were not? 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And what about if he in fact were homosexual? What would you call him? Gay or? 030: Uh-huh. Or si- you know those sissies that live over there or those gay people. Interviewer: What about a woman who has mannish ways? Maybe she you know she's straight but she still kind of acting mannish? 030: Uh-huh, well they sometimes they call her to say she's a lesbian and sometimes they call her a dyke or you- you know just {NW} Yeah, any of those terms. Interviewer: And um now say um a male or a man who is indiscreet about his sex life or something like that, kind of in- just indiscreet, any name for him? Do you know what I'm trying to- 030: Yeah, one that just goes around and- call him a whore {NW} Uh just um I don't know {D: cause it's so many people} Mm. {NW} Interviewer: A woman who is the same way, she's just indiscreet kind of any special name for her? 030: No, just same old thing, you'd call her a whore too, you know she'll do anything. Interviewer: And um let's see What about um an unattractive boy or man, just really very unattractive #1 {D: any name you might use for him?} # 030: #2 {X} # No, if he was ugly, you'd just say he's ugly. You're just an ugly dude sitting over there, you know. Interviewer: What about a woman who is just unattractive like that? Any name for her? 030: No you'd just call 'em ugly. Interviewer: Now what about a man who's very attractive, very handsome than any old fellow. What would you- any name for him? You'd say he's a 030: Good looking dude, more than likely. Interviewer: What about for a woman who's- 030: Um let me see what would they call a good looking woman? {D: that's some of anything} Nice, just a fine chick, fine babe, you know. Interviewer: You ever something like foxy or? 030: Yeah, did you see the fox that went by you know all that stuff yeah Interviewer: What about a person who all the time reading, just can't, you know that's all that they do 030: {NW} Yeah. Oh yeah um I don't know what they call me cause I read a lot. And they call- sometimes they call me antisocial uh whole bunch of things but Interviewer: Ever hear 'em call bookworm? 030: Yeah, they call you a bookworm you know don't you ever hear- there's nothing else more exciting to you than a book but {NW} Interviewer: I read a lot, too. 030: Yeah. Interviewer: What- do you ever remember as a child when another child who would all the time trying to get praise and stuff from the teacher the whole time 030: A teacher's pet. Yeah, stayed in this- stayed in her face all the time. Interviewer: You ever hear anyone when he said what he's doing, ever say that he was brown-nosing? Ever hear that term? 030: Uh-uh. I heard Interviewer: Apple-polish? 030: Yeah now I've heard 'em call apple-polisher and uh some of the kids at school would uh let Big Mac do it cause he's gonna do it anyway, you know {NW} Interviewer: What do you- when you were coming up on second grade The first school that you went to you'd call that- 030: First grade, second grade. Interviewer: What would you call all those grades together, you would say what kind of school? 030: Elementary school. Interviewer: Did they have- What grades did that go through? 030: One through six. Interviewer: What did you go to after elementary? 030: Junior high school. Interviewer: That was what? 030: Six through eight. Uh no The ninth grade, you stayed until you get to the ninth grade. Then you went to a high school. Interviewer: Did that- What ten- 030: Ten through twelve, uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh say that in a in a school where you go out and shoot baskets, the building where you play basketball 030: Go in the gym. Yeah. Interviewer: And um let's see. What about the place where you go to wash your hands in school? 030: Uh well They would- you would wash your hands in the restroom, right when you would go, but see n- they had a big fountain- they had one of those big old fountains in the hall and you just stepped on it and washed your hands and then line up went in the cafeteria. {NW} Interviewer: Never heard of that before. 030: Well, we had one in Park City now. Interviewer: Huh. 030: It's a big fountain and it- and you- t- kids just- one person stands on it and everybody washes their hands when water comes out. Everybody washes their hands and then you come around, get your little paper towel. Interviewer: Everybody else just had restrooms. 030: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: The uh kind of fence that you might have around a playground at school any name for that, you know it's wire kind of 030: Yeah, I know what you're talking about but uh no it was just a fence you know uh-huh. Interviewer: And um next um are a set of questions or slang terms or terms you might hear for different nationalities, ethnic groups um for example, for orientals, you ever heard any slang terms for someone of oriental descent? 030: Um you um let me see. There's japs, and uh I can't remember what they call the Chinese people. Call 'em mm Interviewer: Have you ever heard the term chink? 030: Yeah, chink and, but it was they have a new name now for Koreans but I can't think of that. Interviewer: Hmm, I don't know any- 030: {NW} #1 No # Interviewer: #2 I heard # Gooks for Vietnamese. 030: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you did you ever 030: Um yeah I heard all of that but Interviewer: Well what about for a Roman Catholic, any name? any kind of slang term? 030: No I uh I don't remember any- not for any Catholic Interviewer: Any- what about for a Protestant, especially a um 030: Okay. Interviewer: Uh say um especially fundamentalist Protestant sects, any name for them? 030: No, Methodist, Baptist, and all that mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about for Jewish people any names, kind of slang terms for them? 030: Those dirty Jews. {NW} Interviewer: The next one maybe not quite so familiar, what about Germans? Some people of German descent any slang terms you ever heard? 030: I've heard it, but I really don't know uh. Interviewer: Ever heard krauts or anything? 030: Yeah I've heard of krauts and stuff like that. Well I- #1 I um they- I heard that on TV last week. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: {D: When they was in Skoki} What is it? #1 {D: Skoki} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Skoki} # 030: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, what about Dutch people, any name for them? 030: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Italians? 030: Um What do they call Italians? Yeah, I've heard names for 'em. Uh that all the Italians supposed to be mafia or related people but they have uh #1 the spics, uh-huh that's what they- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # You ever heard wop or dago? 030: Yeah, yeah I've heard that wops and dagos. Interviewer: What- what about Poles, any name? 030: Yeah um They call Polish people dagos, too, don't they? Interviewer: They may- I don't- 030: {X} all the time #1 Yeah I well I've seen # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: In Detroit. That's mostly a Polish section. Interviewer: I've never been there. 030: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Really never. # As far as I know, know anybody. What about Russians, any name for 'em? 030: No, I don't know any Russian- Interviewer: Czechs? 030: I've heard it, but you know Interviewer: For Czechoslovakian people, any name for them? 030: Uh-uh. I don't know. Interviewer: What about Lithuanians? 030: Whatever. I don't know whatever they are {C: laughing} Interviewer: What about an Englishman so like from Britain, any kind of slang term for him? 030: No, not that I can think of. Interviewer: What about an I- Irishman, any slang term for him? 030: I've heard slang terms for Irish people. Interviewer: Ever heard him called nick or 030: Yeah. But you know when you don't Interviewer: Don't say 'em? 030: Some uh you just don't associate names and things with 'em. Interviewer: And what about for a Scotsman, somebody from Scotland. Any name for a Scottish man? 030: No, not that I know of. Interviewer: And what about a Frenchman? Any name for him? {C: phone ringing in background} 030: Not really. Interviewer: Or uh 030: Let me see, French people. Mm-mm. Interviewer: What about a Cajun, you know somebody in Louisiana, the Cajuns? 030: Yeah, now I've read about the Cajuns, but Interviewer: There were no names? 030: Nuh-uh but they- what'd they call 'em? Um Kay jay? They have a name for 'em in that section of the world but like I said I don't know Interviewer: What about Greeks? Cubans? 030: No. Well, let me see what have I ever heard Cubans called? {NW} All of 'em are called foreigners. {NW} Interviewer: Puerto Ricans? Any name for them? 030: Yeah let me see, Puerto Ricans. I don't remember. Interviewer: What about Mexicans, any name for Mexicans? 030: Nothing but a mex or they oh I don't know Interviewer: Or Scandinavians? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Canadians? 030: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay, that's that section. 030: {NW} Interviewer: And what about any slang- slang terms for Democrats and Republicans? You know different people in political parties, ever heard any slang terms for um Democrats or Republicans? 030: I'm sure I have, but I just- I don't remember, you know. Uh. No, right off-hand I can't think of any. Interviewer: Now say someone who uh maybe a few years back, the people that had real long hair and beads and out in San Francisco What would you call them? 030: Uh I would say hippies. Flower children and all that stuff. Interviewer: Um. 030: {NW} Interviewer: Was that- that term- would you use that just specifically to the people of that subculture or was that ever used any broader way, hippie? 030: Yeah, well it was used everywhere. You know, um you could find a hippie anywhere where if his hair was long and he was kind of shaggy with uh oh don't let him tie something around his head. Then he was definitely a hippie. Interviewer: So really just appearance? 030: Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh what about the name when you have say someone {C: coughing} and he was in a non-romantic relationship with a member of the same sex you know just real close to someone say another woman but you know it's definitely just 030: Just a friendship? Um. N- is there another name for that? Interviewer: I- just best friends all I'd ever 030: Yeah that's all we've ever said, my best friend. Interviewer: And uh what about say somebody who's kind of a surrogate parent you know who was like a mother or father to you, you ever 030: {NW} Like my foster mother or I love- yeah foster mother. Well, I have two mothers, Ms. so-and-so and my mother. Interviewer: Now um When you were in elementary school, was there ever, you know, a group of kids you hung around with? 030: Uh-uh. I never could make it in with the in-group {NW} No, there were- there were always uh little cliques {X} but I never had- was one of the- I read too much. I didn't ever- I didn't have a best friend when we were going to school because I was just fascinated with books and I read a lot and unless we were skating or riding bicycles or something like that, I was reading and I just never did get a best friend. #1 Uh-huh. # Auxilary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Were there ever any kind of word games or rough kind of word games that people would play? Like uh maybe a contest where people would- each speaker would insult each other or that kind of- 030: No, like a debate, no. We had- we- now we had oh um Bible drills. That you know, th- that you had to know that when somebody would give you the verse you had to find it in the Bible, where it was, yeah. Now we had Bible drills and things like that but I don't know anything about any Interviewer: When you uh- did they ever maybe the boys get out and they have a game where one of 'em would insult the other's family and back and forth like that out? 030: #1 {D: When they called playing the dozens and stuff like} # Interviewer: #2 Did they ever- did you # You ever see that? Have they ever 030: {NW} No, I've heard somebody say he was playing the dozens with him or her or something, but not really actually sit in on any of this. Interviewer: Would any- when new kids moved into the neighborhood did they ever have any kind of initiation rites or anything like that? Was there anything you'd ever do to new kids when they moved in? 030: Mm. Interviewer: Or pretty much accepted them right off? 030: Um they never did have any kind of they- they were just, you know, you would have- that's- people get- you'd get to see 'em in a day or two then Interviewer: #1 Just kind of fit right in? # 030: #2 Uh-huh. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What's some of the kind of games that you would play as a kid? 030: {NW} Well, we played jack rocks, we played house. {NW} We played uh, let me see, ball, basketball, softball. {NW} Let me see. Interviewer: Any kind of hiding games? 030: Yeah, we played hide- and-go-seek. We did j- we jumped rope. Um I'm trying to think of the name of this game where you would be in the middle of the the street and they would throw the ball at you. Interviewer: #1 Oh we played that. # 030: #2 Yeah. # And- and uh you'd be- you know you had to keep moving all the times. #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Dodgeball. # 030: Dodgeball, yeah. Interviewer: Yeah, we played that. 030: Played that a lot. And uh that's about the size of it, just all neighborhood games. Interviewer: Did you ever play any games where you had two lines and people had to run over, you know? Where uh you'd maybe form two lines or did you ever play what we call red rover? 030: No, I don't remember that. Interviewer: Or did- any kind of a rain game? 030: Yeah, no we used to play little Sally Walker and games like that. Interviewer: How would you play that? 030: Everybody'd put, they uh make a circle and little Sally Walker sitting in the saucer, and rise Sally rise, wipe your weeping eyes and fly to the east and fly to the west and fly to the one you love the best and course this was the one you were supposed to go get and kiss him and this is a small kids' game where all the boys are hollering don't get me. Don't be kissing me, you know. {NW} Interviewer: Ever play any any rough games in the neighborhood that were I guess maybe boys might. 030: Yeah um we used to have tug of war in our neighborhood. It was pretty rough but it wasn't dangerous. But, you know, just- cause um I- the kids can't play like we did. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: {NW} They just- they don't have uh- they can't because it's um Interviewer: Guess they have too many toys. 030: {NW} Yeah and um {X} You know like the section of town I was raised in there was not very many cars. And we skate we would skate off of this hill and ride bicycles and play dodgeball and everything was did uh right in front of the house, in the street. Interviewer: You ever play any marble- any games with marbles? 030: Oh yeah, we had to play marbles. I used to be the champion in my neighborhood. Interviewer: Oh really? 030: Yeah. Interviewer: I was never very good at it. 030: {NW} {X} I used to play football. You know, what we would call touch ball. And if my mother wasn't at home. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: But if she was home, I couldn't play. Interviewer: Did they ever seem to play knife games? 030: #1 Uh with the- let me see. What'd they call it, Winnipeg? # Interviewer: #2 {D: Where you- when you throw} # Yeah. 030: Mm-hmm. Mumblepeg. Interviewer: Yeah yeah mumble- uh-huh. 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah, what about when you were in high school and so forth did you have different kinds of parties? What kinds of parties? Like would you have a party where all the girls would go and spend the night or- 030: Yeah we had slumber parties. We used to have what would call trip around the world parties. Interviewer: What were those? 030: Well like uh you would pick out three houses in three different places. You would meet at this house and you and stay so long then you'd go to the next house maybe on two streets over but you had to walk. You know, and then you would go to another house about three or four blocks away but each one of these houses would serve you and have music and dance, but you never stayed long. And then come back to the one {NW} what they would call trip around the world parties. Interviewer: What kind of music did you listen to mostly? When you were coming up? 030: Well, most of it was Christian music, I can tell you that. But- Interviewer: Gospel? 030: Yeah, gospel music but oh there was time for the Glemn Miller records and {NW} Camp Bassey and all those kind of things {C: spelling?} Interviewer: You still listen to the same things or? 030: Yeah, if I can find it. And sometimes I um I don't like rock music. It's just too much for me. It's too loud. {NW} Interviewer: Um well that's all the specific questions I had, is there anything was there anything about local culture of the area that I didn't ask that you would've expected me to ask? 030: Uh-uh. {C: phone ringing} Let me get my phone real fast. I don't know whether there was anything else about we could have talked about. Interviewer: Me either. I appreciate- 040: Have you not seen the paper last week {X}? {X} Aux: Well {X} 040: Going to the summer. interviewer: alright first uh I've tried to make some uh information about you um uh and some pronunciations could you just give me the date first? Today is 040: #1 Wednesday . # interviewer: #2 Today. # 040: June ninth. Nineteen seventy-one. interviewer: Alright and then name of this community? 040: Sweetwater. interviewer: And #1 the county? # 040: #2 Tennessee. # Monroe. interviewer: Alright. And your full name? 040: {B} interviewer: And your address? 040: {B} interviewer: And your place of birth. 040: Sweetwater. interviewer: Okay. And oh is there a- what is the zip- the zip code here? 040: Three seven eight seven four. interviewer: Okay. And your age? 040: Thirty-eight. interviewer: And re- a religion? 040: Baptist. Southern Baptist. interviewer: And you're occupation? 040: Assistant reporter. interviewer: Okay. And your formal education? 040: High school. interviewer: Well what where the names of the schools that were there? Are there two high schools in- 040: No just one in Sweetwater. {X} High School. interviewer: Well who are the- I saw Sweetwater What's the name of the Sweetwater hi-? 040: Wildcats. interviewer: Wildcats and what is Athens? Are they the Cherokees? 040: Cherokees. interviewer: That's what it is because I- I came- I came from Athens on my way up here and I thought there must be two high schools and- 040: No just uh. Did they have anything on the bulletin board out in front of the motel down there yet? interviewer: No it just says uh June is national berry month. 040: It's supposed we're having a class reunion down there Saturday night. interviewer: Is that right? Oh that's fine. Uh. Look what uh what year did you uh did you uh did you- you went to the same elementary school all the way through? 040: Yes. {D} Elementary. interviewer: Okay and they- and what year did you graduate? 040: From high school? interviewer: From elementary school? 040: Forty Six I guess interviewer: Okay and then high school? 040: Fifty-one. interviewer: Okay. Um. Now. What uh {D: you were in} This is just to get some ideas of kinds of people you um uh uh you work with and associate with. Get some idea of your you know the social uh your social context um In addition to the people at- at City Hall are there any other- cuz I suppose you meet just about every variety of 040: Well we meet most everybody in town. interviewer: And how bout your- your close friends who are they um um 040: I would say middle-class people. interviewer: And people from Sweetwater? 040: Most all of them are from this vicinity. interviewer: What do they call people from Sweetwater? Do they have a name like Floridians or are #1 the called Sweetwaterians? # 040: #2 No just Sweetwaters. # interviewer: Sweetwaters #1 Okay. # 040: #2 {NW} # interviewer: And your church I 040: First Baptist. interviewer: First Baptist. And do you belong to any clubs? 040: No just the PTA. interviewer: And how bout tra- have you traveled much out of uh 040: Uh no I've traveled to Florida and Texas and Chicago and Washington. interviewer: What's the longest time you've been out of uh say you've been out of- out of town? Or away from- from home? Aux: {D: A week at a time} 040: Oh about a week. Ten #1 days. # interviewer: #2 {X}. # Okay and uh you never lived- you never lived anyplace 040: No. interviewer: Well that's- that's fine I- I interviewed a- I interviewed a man in- in uh in Aliston Alabama I told you I went with {NW} and I got through the whole interview and I found that he was out he- that he had been away for about thirty years. 040: {NW} You know and it really that- that really No I was raised about two blocks up the #1 hill. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Oh you're a- you're a fine uh uh uh representative of a native {X} Now how bout your mother's place of birth? 040: She was born in Miller city. interviewer: That's where uh- That's where mr {D: Pedison} was born. 040: Is that right? interviewer: Yeah. 040: I didn't know. interviewer: And your father's place of birth? 040: Sweetwater. No near Sweetwater. Aux: Well now he's from {D: Mell} but he was raised here. 040: Moved here shortly after. interviewer: Mell is between here and Athens isn't it? um and how bout your parents' education? 040: My mother's eight-grade graduate and my father was fifth grade. interviewer: Alright and uh your father's occupation? 040: He was a maintenance man. Carpenter. interviewer: Okay and your mother- your mother worked? 040: She was cafeteria. interviewer: Okay. Aux: High school I mean school. 040: School cafeteria. interviewer: Uh-huh. Now um your maternal- your- your maternal grandparents where were they born? 040: They were- they lived in Athens. interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Papa was going to pass on and uh grandmama says to my mother from {X} Tennessee. 040: That's near Chattanooga. Aux: Past a little- just a little crooked road {X} Bout six miles outside of Clayton. interviewer: And- and how bout their- their- their uh earlier ancestors and great grandparents were they from uh Aux: {D: Well they're off if you could uh} interviewer: As far back as you know Aux: {D: As far back as I know} interviewer: You got no recollection of their- of when they came to the- when they- when they came to this country that's Aux: No. you know interviewer: No? Aux: Grandpa was a {B} And my grandmother was a {B} interviewer: That's very hard for me to- to imagine see because all the people that I grew up with were either just about second generation my- my grandparents were born Europe and um they um uh Everybody is uh- is second or third generation But all {D: first interview} that I interview in the South you know. 040: And now if you'll read in the Sweetwater {X} History which we told you about {X} 'til somebody decided they wanted to disappear. But my grandfather on my father's side is listed in there. under {B} interviewer: What is your uh- what is your uh My maiden name was {B} Now. And how bout your- your grand your grandparents have any formal education? Aux: Yes Grandpa Sully was a preacher. And papa was a- a {X} performer {D: in Reno}. interviewer: Okay and your- how bout your uh paternal grandparents? 040: No I don't know what my grandfather did for a living uh Aux: Your grandpa? 040: Uh-huh. Daddy. Daddy. Aux: Daddy- daddy was the Methodist preacher. {NS} We are Baptist. interviewer: Okay. Now um Is your husband deceased? 040: Yes. interviewer: {X} Was he a native of- of Sweetwater? 040: Yes he was raised right down here at the {X}. This was on his land. interviewer: And Baptist? 040: Yes he was. interviewer: And education? 040: High school with some training in interviewer: #1 refrigeration. # 040: #2 What- what was # interviewer: uh and his ancestors also uh- 040: Yes they were born out about {D: Paint Rock} which is about fifteen twenty miles from here. interviewer: And what his occupation? 040: He was a draftsman {D: lace} draftsman. interviewer: Now um could you just give me {D: the view} would be terrific of this a- a brief community sketch just how would you describe um um Sweetwater? I can get- I can get most of this. But just talk a little bit about Sweetwater about the the his- you know the his- the the social composition the history and so forth it's just to get a little um 040: Well I'd say for the major part uh the people in Sweetwater are made up of a middle-class income. We have a few who are quite wealthy and we have some who are quite poor but for the most part the people in Sweetwater are Middle-class people. Day-laborers. A lot of the people work out of town because of lack of industry here. We're a farming community more or less raising tobacco mostly. interviewer: What about the um is uh mr um {B} mentioned a um a woolen mill is that- was that here at Sweetwater? 040: That was the major industry at one time was the woolen mill interviewer: {D: Interesting} how when did that? 040: It's been down for might say twenty-five years or longer. interviewer: And the uh ind- 040: Longer than that no it's been down thirty years. interviewer: And I- I- I heard on the Sweetwater um radio station or one of the Sweetwater radio stations when I was coming into town there was a they were talking about social security and giving information about uh disability checks and they were talking about about black- uh black lung disease. Is there a lot of coal mining that- How close is it? 040: No we're not close to coal mining. interviewer: I see. 040: We have a {D: bear-teeth} mining. Aux: We did have one {X} 040: Bear teeth? Aux: Uh-huh. 040: Yes. Aux: {B} {X}. 040: No we had it {D: Why did I just throw out the Sunday? We ain't got big bear teeth mama}. Aux: I thought- I thought he was in this here concrete business. 040: No ab {B} {B} But we're- {D: Bear-teeth} is the biggest natural- interviewer: What is that? {NW} 040: It's a rock ore. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: And what they make with it I don't know. But the {B} people here in Sweetwater people by the name of {B} have owned this. mr {B} became quite wealthy at it and then his son next door neighbor up here is uh taken over the #1 business. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # I see. And uh is there uh What about the- the most of the- the uh the biggest sale crop is tobacco you said? 040: Uh yes. For profit it's a {D: Weir} cattle raisers. {D: Berry} cattle mostly. interviewer: Um most of the farms small or are there #1 essentially large? # 040: #2 No we have # some uh quite large farms. Some people who uh work at farming and that's all. Overseer. In the farming business. interviewer: I see. But it is today it's a Saturday and then the principle that industry there right now is agriculture as far as the um the most- say most of the people? 040: We have uh the vast in manufacturing which is a metal interviewer: Mm-hmm. 040: industry which is quite large. interviewer: The population seems quite if I read that right it uh only City Hall is the only thing {X} gradually larger it isn't near as in declining is it? 040: Yes it has declined. Uh. From nineteen-fifty to nineteen sixty it did go down. Bout- bout fifty something. Then from sixty to seventy it increased. But we annexed some territory. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Which made the increase. interviewer: Was Sweetwater at one time as big as Athens? 040: No. interviewer: It never was- 040: No never was quite as big but Athens has expanded quite rapidly. interviewer: They have a col- a college there. 040: They have a college and quite a few industries. Aux: We have T-M-I too. 040: We have a prep school. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yes uh Tennessee Military Academy I saw that. #1 Is that - # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: does that draw students from a large area? 040: Now they have students from most every state in the Union. interviewer: I started off teaching at a military academy. Aux: Oh really? interviewer: {D: Morty Far} and she taught my son there for two years. Aux: {X} 040: Well {D: Shneld} Industry I guess employs quite a few people but the place {X} they {D: scale you too high} Aux: {X} 040: Yeah we have poultry now. interviewer: Now I'll just- We'll start with some of these um uh uh {X} as i said it's just a matter mainly a matter of of pronunciation and vocabulary choice if you if you don't have rain for a long period of time what would you call that? 040: I'd say a drought. interviewer: Okay. Uh Now would a drought be a long or short duration? How how What would it uh If you just don't have rain for a while what would you call that? say you don't have rain for a couple weeks. 040: I'd say it's a dry spell. interviewer: Okay. Now when would it be a drought? What would make it a drought? 040: I would say a drought would have to be as long as four five weeks. interviewer: And and what what is the uh um just in terms of time you say in terms of time four or five weeks. 040: I may be doing without water. interviewer: Yeah yeah yeah but it's water if you associate it with anything else. A drought I mean uh just. 040: No I wouldn't s- {B} interviewer: Let's talk about it in terms of the crops you know you could say that that you know {X} He said about the same amount of time but he said that's how long it takes to kill most of the kinds of crops. 040: Oh well yes any vegetation will have to have water. interviewer: Now if you had a a- a heavy rain of short duration just started to rain terrifically um and and uh just for a short period of time what would you call that? 040: Well I'd- Sometimes we refer to them as cloudbursts. interviewer: Yeah. Okay now. How bout if it has uh if there's a thunder and lightning? 040: Oh we call 'em storms interviewer: Okay. Um Now there another thing in there there are some verb forms I just wanna get the principal parts of verbs now. Uh. Let's talk about the wind {NW} I ask you uh Did it what hard? Did it- 040: Blow? interviewer: Yeah. You say yes it really- 040: Blew. interviewer: Yeah. And it has- But it has even harder than this it has- 040: Blown. interviewer: Uh Now the wind is coming from the direction of of um of uh Athens let's say, say the wind's coming from the 040: Southwest? interviewer: Okay. And if it's coming from the uh Uh Um more from the the Dock town Tennessee. 040: Well the Dock Town is more southeast. interviewer: Yeah. Now would you call that d-do you use terms like uh any special terms for for winds from other directions? 040: Uh no I don't but I'm sure that some of the older generation would interviewer: How bout the wind- how bout a wind coming from the- from the areas in the vicinity of Chatta- or from the city of Uh St. Johnson City? If the winds coming from 040: The northern wind? interviewer: Okay. Now But how bout with east and west? say it's coming from 040: No I wouldn't I'd just say the wind's blowing from the west or blowing from the east. interviewer: Okay. But you- just speaking of it in terms of direction you'd say Johnson City is where from here? 040: Northeast. interviewer: And Louisville Kentucky is 040: It's north. Isn't it? interviewer: Yeah north but north? 040: East. interviewer: Perfect. I don't know how you all mix up certain direction {X} 040: Northwest. interviewer: Yeah. 040: Northwest I'd say. Or- interviewer: Okay. Uh if it's just raining a little bit um um Just a very slight rain but- 040: It's a drizzle. {NW} interviewer: Okay. Now is there anything that- what uh between uh uh any any vari- vari- variation there between the drizzle and going up to a cloudburst? 040: Well we have a good steady rain. interviewer: Okay. Uh. Anything slighter than a drizzle? 040: A mist. interviewer: Alright. Now if you look out the window and some day and can hardly see across the street but it's not raining. uh What would you call that? 040: It's foggy. interviewer: Okay. And you call that substance? 040: Fog. interviewer: Okay. Uh If it has- if the wind hasn't been blowing and suddenly it begins you might say the wind is 040: I don't know what you're- interviewer: Alright. Well the wind hasn't been blowing the wind isn't blowing then suddenly the wind- 040: Is getting up? interviewer: Okay that's that's fine. And if it's been blowing hard and then um it uh 040: It's laying. interviewer: It's stops then what do you say? 040: We're- it's laying. The wind's laying. interviewer: Okay. Good that's just the sort of If uh and a uh a fall day you go outside and say I'd better put on a sweater because it's this morning it's 040: It's cool. interviewer: Okay. Uh you look out the window early in the morning in the Fall and you see some white stuff on the ground but it hasn't snowed? 040: Frost. interviewer: Alright. And talking about the the water in the- in the pond um say the water in the pond dropped down to almost zero last night the water in the pond. 040: Is muddy? interviewer: Yeah but it got cold dropped down to about zero so the water? 040: Is frozen? interviewer: Yeah huh. But if you were just talking about {D: glace something} but the water last night. 040: The water froze. interviewer: Yeah. Uh. And if it um if it gets down to uh if it suddenly drops down below um thirty-two degrees um you'd call that- what would you call that? 040: Freezing. interviewer: Alright. Now do you make a distinction the different kinds of- of freezing weather? 040: Well yes we talk about the uh colder weather more I would say uh I don't know how we would refer to it except that it's interviewer: I was thinking about terms like a killing frost or a hard freeze if those are those words- 040: Yes we do have a killing frost that we call that down here. We have a hard freeze yes we refer to that. interviewer: And what would that be? 040: A hard- a hard freeze? interviewer: Yeah. 040: I would say it would have to be ten below. interviewer: Alright. And what- what is- 040: I mean ten degrees or below. interviewer: Okay. Now what- what is hard about that? Why is it called a ha- why do you 040: Because the water I suppose freezes. interviewer: The water- the water ran through the ground and comes back {X} 040: Well the ground will freeze hard too. interviewer: Okay. Now uh what- what do you call this room in your house? 040: This is the living room. interviewer: Alright. um. And you talk- how high is the ceiling in here would you imagine? 040: The ceiling's eight feet. interviewer: Okay. Now. would you just describe for me the what you call the- the rooms in the house and where they're- where they're located this is to get the names of the rooms. And how- how do you designate the name of one bedroom from another? That sort of thing. So if um this is the living room here what do you call that right over there? 040: We call that the front room. Front bedroom. interviewer: Where- 040: My bedroom. {NW} interviewer: Alright and then you Well how bout when you come into the house? What do you call that part right there? 040: That's the foyer. interviewer: Okay. Usually call it that? 040: Well the {X} usually around here you- you'd call it the front hall. interviewer: Okay. 040: I'm about fixing to say the front hall. interviewer: Would you let her call it the foyer in- in just in casual conversation? 040: No I'd- interviewer: You tell your son to get his toys out the foyer? 040: No I'd say get your toys out the hall. interviewer: Okay. 040: {NW} interviewer: And and this and you call now what do you call your your bedroom? 040: I'd say the front bedroom. interviewer: Now. So does that go all the way over to the wall? 040: Yes. interviewer: Okay. And then what's beh- what's 040: The next bedroom would be uh of course I would refer to it as {B}'s room. Or the middle bedroom. interviewer: Alright and then what then? 040: Then the back bedroom or {B}'s bedroom. interviewer: Okay. Now. That that goes along that wall now how bout? 040: Well now we have I would say the big bath. interviewer: Okay. Now let's come down this way. 040: Now we have a half-bath. interviewer: The big bath is next to the back bedroom and {X} 040: Yes. interviewer: Okay. That's the big bath. And then west? 040: And the dining room. interviewer: Okay. 040: And then the kitchen. And this room over here would be referred to as mama's bedroom. Or in most houses it might be a den. interviewer: Okay. Now. Do you have a s- Do you have another bathroom? 040: We have a half-bath. interviewer: Okay now what do you- 040: I'd say the middle bath. interviewer: Okay now where is that located? 040: It's off of the front bedroom. interviewer: Okay {X} You call it the little bath. 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Is there- is there a bathroom in there? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. No that's- see that's the kind of stuff {X} It's in- it's also interesting that there's front middle and back although I don't think there's anything regionally strange about you know That's exactly how uh mr {B} designated that. It's interesting to see if people designate rooms by the people who- who live in the rooms or sleep in the rooms or by you know location or by {X} Now. Um. In a house that has a fireplace uh what do you call the- the uh well you have it in in uh in a hous- every house has one and the smoke goes up? 040: Well if it's a fireplace it's a chimney but if it's a a stove of some sort it's a flue. interviewer: Okay. um. Now part of the fireplace it extends out on the floor. 040: That's the hearth. interviewer: Okay and the two things in the fireplace that keep the logs in place? 040: I don't know. interviewer: Don't remember that. 040: {NW} interviewer: Uh. How bout the top of the fireplace something that you put- you might put things on? 040: That's the mantel. interviewer: Okay. And You have a- a big piece of wood that might burn for a couple of days. 040: Well now I don't call it this but I think the old people call it a backlog? interviewer: Uh-huh. {B} it's called a back stick. 040: Right. Back stick. Or back log. interviewer: And how uh- Have you ever lived in a house that had a fireplace? 040: No. interviewer: yeah well that makes it- Aux: {X} we had grates down 040: We had a what we call a grate. interviewer: Okay. Now. When you sa- Was it a fireplace with a grate? Did it burn coal? 040: Yes it burned coal. interviewer: A coal-burning firep- Uh what did you call um um fatty kindling sticks to start a fire with? 040: Kindling. interviewer: Alright. Did you make any distinction between those- the uh- the small ones perhaps? What'd- did you have a special name? 040: The- the kindling is the smaller wood and the stove wood is the larger. interviewer: Alright. But even a special kind of kindling wood which was smaller. Aux: Pine. 040: No. Aux: {X} interviewer: Okay. And uh they uh- Talking about um {X} that kind of fireplace you'd say we would burn coal what the fireplace we would burn coal. 040: In the fireplace? interviewer: Yeah. And the black stuff you cle- you clean out the stovepipe. 040: Called soot. interviewer: Okay. And uh the uh uh color of this paper? 040: It's white. interviewer: Alright. And the um um cigarette the end of a cigarette the burnt part it's called the 040: The butts or the interviewer: Yeah. yeah but the- the um uh Well the way you clean out the fireplace that's better. After the fire's out you clean out 040: Clean out the klinkers interviewer: Yeah or- you don't have to 040: {D: slashes} interviewer: Sure. Um and I'm sitting in a? 040: Chair. interviewer: And what do you call this piece of furniture? 040: We call it a couch. interviewer: Okay. Now what are some other- what's another name for it? 040: Davenport. Sofa. interviewer: Yeah. Okay now they're all the same thing though as far as you're concerned? Uh. How- this is a- a piece of furniture in the bedroom that has uh a well uh what- what about the furniture in the bedroom besides the bed? 040: Well you have your chest of drawers and the dresser. interviewer: Okay what's- what's the difference between a chest of drawers and a dresser? 040: A dresser has a mirror. interviewer: Okay. Um. How about a What do you hang your clothes in then? In the bedroom. 040: In the closet. interviewer: Now did you- have you ever had a movable one? It's like a closet only it's movable? 040: Are you referring to a chifforobe? interviewer: Okay. 040: I like that. {NW} interviewer: Yeah that's right that's right. Uh. And all the uh tables and chairs in the house you call those all different pieces of? 040: Furniture. interviewer: And um you ever lived in a house that had a kind of a little alcove in the bedroom containing a bed? Maybe a- an extra bed in the bedroom in a little kind of room off to the side? 040: No. interviewer: Uh. On a single window uh something you pull up and down. 040: A shade? interviewer: Okay you just call it a plain shade? What about the kind with the slats? 040: Those are Venetian blinds. interviewer: Okay. Um. Uh but I don't know- I don't think you have one in this house. But in a- in- in older houses uh you have a- an area between the ceiling and the second 040: It's called a loft? interviewer: Okay. 040: Is it the attic? interviewer: Okay both of those are fine. Now. Oh. I I'll bet you skipped a- no you didn't {X} ask you about the kitchen 040: {NW} interviewer: {X} kitchen Um. Now did you ever live in a house that had a um Um um. Uh. Had a- had a separate {D:cab} where the kitchen was seperated from the house? That's quite some- 040: No no. interviewer: Uh or a room off the kitchen that you put uh 040: Pantry? interviewer: Yeah. You ever call that anything else? 040: No we used to- interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else besides a pantry? Aux: {X} interviewer: The word safe. Do you know that word? 040: Oh we have safes but they're Aux: {X} interviewer: What size- something more like a breadbox? 040: It's movable. A safe to me is movable. interviewer: Is it like a breadbox? Do you have one {X} 040: Yeah. {NW} {X} interviewer: Oh this whole thing? 040: That's- that's what we call a safe. interviewer: That whole uh- 040: Uh-huh It's a China closet is what it is That's what the old people refer to it as. Aux: Old people call it the pie safe. interviewer: Pie safe {NW} That's cute. Aux: You see it has uh uh down in the middle there where the bottom is it has a screen then they put the pies 040: Uh-huh. Yeah. Aux: {X} interviewer: So a safe is but what would say {X} 040: I would say it was movable. interviewer: Uh-huh 040: A safe would be movable and a pantry would be stationary. interviewer: And the- and- and what's the other name for this other than the safe what might it be called? 040: China closet. interviewer: Yep. Um. Now a- a name for old worthless furniture and implements just things you haven't gotten around to throwing away that probably will never use. that really couldn't be classified as antiques? Just things that- Aux: {X} 040: Well we'd call it junk around here. interviewer: Okay that's fine. Um and- and if you have a little room that you kept things like that in what would you call that? 040: The junk room. interviewer: Alright. And every morning uh uh around the house someone has to 040: Sweep or vacuum? interviewer: Yeah. Not specifically uh- I mean they're just kind of going around and- 040: Pick up. interviewer: Okay. 040: Tidy up. interviewer: Right. Both of those you equally- And to sweep the floor uh from the use- just a hand the hand is a- 040: It's a broom. interviewer: Okay. And if we're talking about where a broom was here's the door and the broom is here this is the door you'd say the broom is? 040: Behind the door. interviewer: Uh. And on Monday traditionally women did what? 040: Did their washing. interviewer: Okay and on Tuesday they did their? 040: Ironing. interviewer: And together you might call that? 040: The laundry. interviewer: Right. Now. To get up from the um uh to get into- up up to the house y- you don't have many out there but say if you had four or five or six to walk up from the sidewalk up 040: Steps? interviewer: Okay. Now if you had a two story house and you had to get from the first floor to the second floor what would you call that? 040: Well I'd either say the stairway or the stairs. interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it a stairway outside? 040: No. No. interviewer: Now What about right outside here what do you call that? 040: That's a porch. interviewer: Alright now do you- do you make any distinction of among different kinds of porches 040: Well in older houses they had porches on both sides of the house. And they'd say the side porch. interviewer: Uh-huh. But no- no other name? Aux: {X} interviewer: The gallery or veranda or {X}? 040: Not here. interviewer: How about a I don't think these- I'm certain these aren't used. I'm not certain but I don't think they're used much. It's a damp cloth um for wiping the floor a special kind of a- a cloth for wiping the floor? 040: Not for wiping floor we call them dust cloth. interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} 040: Wiping furniture. interviewer: Have you ever heard of a file cloth? 040: No. interviewer: Now if the door was open and you didn't want it that way you'd say? 040: Shut the door. interviewer: Okay. 040: Close the door. interviewer: Okay. What's the difference between those two is there any? 040: No not for when you're referring to a door. interviewer: Yep. Well what- when would there be a difference? 040: Well I don't know. interviewer: Do you have some kind of feeling about that I mean about one- 040: No. interviewer: I mean the sense of one word being less 040: Well shut it more pronounced I guess you might say. interviewer: Shut your mouth or close your mouth. 040: When you say shut the door you mean it. {NW} interviewer: Uh-huh okay {NW}. Now on our frame house something they put- they- they sometimes put this uh uh uh these uh boards on. 040: Siding. interviewer: Okay. Uh. Say did you uh uh you take a nail and you have to do what? You have to- 040: You have to hammer it. interviewer: Okay. When you get in a car you have to. 040: {X} interviewer: Somebody asks y'all need to start the motor and then do what to the car? you- Say I know I- I have my license because I know how to? 040: Drive. interviewer: Okay. Yesterday I- 040: Drove. interviewer: And many times I have? 040: Driven. interviewer: Okay. Um that's the hardest thing in the world to get through you know something like this {B} 040: {NW} interviewer: Nobody {X} what I'm uh- what I'm after and so I've just skipped over a lot of those. The outer part of the house that the the rain falls on is the? The outside. 040: The roof? interviewer: Sure. Uh. And uh around the edge the- the- the water runs off and- and runs into the? 040: Gutter. interviewer: Alright and then it comes down the? 040: Drainpipe. interviewer: Okay. And if you had an uh- um a joining roof we have several peaks on the house do you have a name for that low part? Down in here? 040: Gable? interviewer: Okay. 040: {NW} interviewer: Yeah that's fine. 040: The gables. interviewer: Uh this is a small uh outbuilding for wood or tools. Just uh either separate or built on. 040: Well a lot of people would re- refer to that as the coal house. Or in the country more remote areas around here it would be the smokehouse. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Where they used to cure meat. But uh. interviewer: Okay. How bout something that- and- and you can use later for keeping tools in or something like that? 040: Well you might refer to it as the shed. interviewer: Yeah okay that's one of the words there. Now the foyer has indoor plumbing um uh it has to have a separate structure instead of a bathroom what was that called? 040: Called the outhouse. interviewer: Okay. Now. Uh. Any jocular terms for that? 040: {NW} I think it was referred to as a johnny. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Aux: {D: privy} {NW} 040: No privy is the correct word I believe. interviewer: Now. Well I don't- the um the best one both of those are- you know all of those are 040: And they're called a {D: vlosser} if that's what it refers to. interviewer: Privy is the that's the official term now that's a- that is a- I didn't know that. {D: one year it's} still the garden house that's {NW} 040: {NW} no I wouldn't have {X}that. interviewer: Um. Uh. Firthman says uh uh speak about trouble and say I what? My trouble I? You- you your trouble and I- 040: Have my trouble? interviewer: Yeah that's right. Um and then um if um there's a sound you say you? 040: Hear. interviewer: Okay and yesterday you? 040: Heard? interviewer: And you have? Second time. Um. You say have you seen him you say no I 040: I have not seen him. Course that might. interviewer: Do you know the expression ? Is that used at all? 040: What? interviewer: {X} Um In the sense of um I suppose the sense of uh ancient. 040: No I don't uh- interviewer: I don't know if that's uh um {X} 040: Might be more in the mountain areas. interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: Verson} says you uh uh um is that um um Have you ever done that you say a- all the time I? 040: I do this. interviewer: Yeah and um he 040: Did it. interviewer: And for the present he 040: He is doing it? interviewer: Yeah. An- 040: Or done. interviewer: Or. How would you use that? 040: I have done it. interviewer: Okay. And um I don't smoke cigarettes but he? 040: Does. interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's say a person um uh no longer uh takes uh care of his {X} he just doesn't about anything anymore. 040: Doesn't care about anything? interviewer: Okay. um If you're not certain about something you say I am not? 040: Sure. interviewer: Okay. um. Would you say um you say I don't know if he did it or not but people 040: Well we would say think he did or believe he did. interviewer: Okay. And uh they uh using a form of say. Say they they say he did it. 040: They say he does. interviewer: Okay. And a- a dwelling person lives in is a? 040: House. interviewer: And the plural? 040: Houses? interviewer: And the largest outbuilding on a farm? 040: Barn. interviewer: And a building for storing corn? 040: Crib. interviewer: And any oth- any other kind of buildings for storing grain? 040: Silo? No that's more of a- interviewer: That's good. But I was- I was- Is the word grainery or granary used here at all? Is that- 040: No we don't- we don't have those. interviewer: Okay. 040: Those large. interviewer: How bout the other part of the barn? uh 040: It's the loft. interviewer: Okay. Now but you use the term loft you're familiar with the term loft either as in a household barn? 040: Uh-huh. A loft in a house is usually larger than an attic. interviewer: Is there any special uh 040: No that would be the interviewer: Um uh a large collection of hay outside. 040: A shock? Is that what you're interviewer: Alright now something larger than that if you're driving along the road and you see this gre- I don't know you don't see that much in the South. Aux: Haystack. interviewer: Yeah. 040: Well uh a shock is a haystack. interviewer: It's the same thing as a haystack to you? Shock of hay and a- Aux: Now a stack is a- a big pile of it. 040: Stack of hay. interviewer: You don't see many haystacks- 040: No we don't We bail it now. interviewer: Sure. You know what they call those things when they set 'em up before they bail them? The hay in the field you see it in the- 040: Well we call 'em haystacks or- interviewer: Before they bail. Does the term- 040: Closer now than when they were cut and bailed all together in a bailer. interviewer: Well he uh mr {B} was talking about uh windrows. 040: Oh a windrow is when you like if you're raking leaves you uh windrow 'em. Or uh If you're la- raking up brush you'll windrow it. You'll make a row of them. As if to break the wind. It's uh- interviewer: It's not to protect them from the wind- 040: No it's just a term. Windrow it means to row it uh make it in a long row. interviewer: I see. I see. Um and the place in the- for hay in the barn you said is the? 040: Th- the loft. interviewer: Okay. And how bout a shelter for cows? 040: That's a barn. interviewer: Is it uh how bout it's something built maybe built down in the barn you ever seen a barn you know in the back there's a kind of a little- 040: I'm not much of a farmer. interviewer: Okay. You know I was thinking of either a cow barn or- 040: Just a shed or- interviewer: Yeah that's fine. How bout a place for hogs? 040: Well the correct one is sty but we call 'em pigpens. interviewer: Okay. Uh and do you have any special name for the ones with the- with the- the covering on them? 040: I don't know what it would be. interviewer: Okay. How bout a place where cows are staked or penned for milking? 040: No. Stalls? is that what you're? interviewer: Oh well I was thinking something- could be stall that's fine. Or something like a cowpen or a cuppen or {D: milk gap} 040: No I believe they call 'em stalls. The one I've heard. interviewer: How bout shelter for horses? 040: Stable is that what- interviewer: Sure that's fine. And um a lot that-uh uh- a farm that- that produces milk 040: It's a dairy farm. interviewer: Okay. Now does dairy mean anything else to you? Do you ever use that word for anything other than- does the word dairy mean a particular kind of farm to you? Is that the only sense you? 040: Well when we speak of dairy farms they have what we call milk cows. interviewer: Sure. but just about the word dairy by itself I mean does the word dairy mean anything to you besides uh um 040: No. interviewer: A company that sells milk. Would you ever call them- 040: Well yes we call them dairies. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: The company that sells it. interviewer: In Chicago for example that's all they call it I mean that's all that dairy means the dairy just means the milk company. 040: Well they just don't know wh- interviewer: That's right. That's right sure. 040: They don't have no land up there vacant to house a farm. interviewer: How bout a place where- where stock is kept or fed uh right outside the barn? Near the barn maybe fenced in. Small area. 040: Feeding lot. interviewer: Okay. And the place where sheep and cows graze? 040: The pasture. interviewer: And they don't grow any cotton around here. You know anything about cotton? 040: Very little. We don't- well we don't have any In this {X} interviewer: Do you know a name for weeding cotton though? 040: No. No I don't. interviewer: Or the- or undesirable grass in a cotton field? 040: No. interviewer: Well okay. Now I mentioned that- the word I just mentioned for a- a large uh planting of crop. For a large um large area. 040: Maybe a {D: corn}. interviewer: Yeah. Now a farm might be divided into several 040: Acres? Or um. interviewer: What would you call maybe one crop say you just grow cotton there or- or corn or something that would be a? 040: Field. interviewer: Alright how bout something smaller than that? Just grow- you grew some say some watermelons or something. 040: Well we have what we call garden spots. interviewer: Alright. Now- 040: That's when- that's where they grow all their food that they eat in the house. interviewer: I was thinking of something between a garden and a field. 040: I don't know what that- interviewer: Now if you just raised a little tobacco say or a little- 040: Plot? Little plot? interviewer: Plot okay I was thinking of patch. 040: Well patch yeah we use that. Well know patch that's- interviewer: Now uh several different kinds of of uh of fences. A fence around a- uh a house that has a um- um- uh there diff- Different materials. 040: Oh we- sometimes we have a picket fence. interviewer: Alright. Now What's the picket fence? Describe that. 040: Well a picket fence is usually made of wood. Rails. interviewer: And are they separated from one another? 040: Yes. Like stacking 'em. interviewer: Alright do they have to be pointed? 040: You mean each- each log? No. interviewer: Now when you say- what do you mean by stacking them? 040: Well uh I guess we might refer to that too as a log fence or um Rail fence. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: And a picket fence too could be made of {D: Gresswood} interviewer: Uh-huh. But um How bout if they- you think of picks usually as spaced. 040: Yes. interviewer: Alright now if there was- if they were right next to each other and flat on the top and the boards were white what would you call a fence like that? 040: You mean the one's who have the the point on top? interviewer: Not necessarily pointed just- 040: We would call them picket fence too that's interviewer: Okay. Wouldn't have to be pointed then? 040: No. interviewer: How bout some fences used in fields? 040: Well they're usually barbed wire. interviewer: Alright. Now how bout a wire fence that- that isn't uh doesn't have the barbs on it? 040: It's just a wire fence. interviewer: Okay you don't uh What is hog wire? 040: I don't know. interviewer: Okay. 040: {NW} interviewer: Alright and- 040: I'm not a farmer. interviewer: Alright now you say- well you doing pretty well. 040: {NW} interviewer: Uh. The uh the rail fence though um 040: Now the rail fence is what makes those logs that I was s- interviewer: And how are they joined? 040: They're- they're stacked just on top of each other. interviewer: I see and then and then uh 040: Interwoven you might say. interviewer: Yeah and then zig-zag 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Y- you don't call that anything but a rail fence though? 040: No no that would be a rail. interviewer: Okay. And something you drive into the ground if you're putting up a fence? If you put in a- 040: A post. interviewer: Okay and two of those would be two? 040: Two posts. interviewer: Okay. And loose stone or rock piled up put around a like a fence. 040: Gravel? Is that what you're interviewer: No this you know larger stones or rocks that I don't know that you have that much uh I was thinking of something like a stone a- a- a a stone wall or rock a stone fence or a 040: We don't have many of those. interviewer: Okay. Well which ones are- Which of th- which of these things- 040: I would say that we might refer to as uh stone stone walls something like that. interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um And uh Expensive dishware sometimes called? 040: China? interviewer: Yeah and you remember uh hearing about about about the kind of of um egg that was put in to uh- just to fool a chicken? 040: No. {X} Aux: Glass egg. 040: No. Setting egg. interviewer: Alright. Glass egg's okay you'd ever heard it called a Chi- has one of you ever heard it called a China egg? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. And something uh- a wooden vessel you use for carrying water? 040: Pale? interviewer: Alright Um Do you ever call it anything else? 040: A bucket? interviewer: What's the difference between those two in your mind? between those two- 040: Uh there isn't any difference between a bucket and a pale. interviewer: I mean do you think- 040: Not to me. interviewer: Alright would you use one as likely as the other? 040: Yeah. interviewer: You'd think- I mean you wouldn't think one is more prestigious or than the other? or more uh more formal or 040: What I would say in- in the older generation it would be more bucket. interviewer: Okay saying- saying pale is a newer term. How bout something that you- you're going out to feed the hogs in a farm uh and you take the food from the house what do you call that? 040: You slop the hogs. interviewer: And what do you call the thing you carry it out in? 040: Slop bucket. interviewer: Okay. Um And some- and to fry eggs? Fry eggs? 040: Well you fry them in a skillet. interviewer: Okay. Now you ever call it anything else? 040: We have that with a frying pan? interviewer: What- you had - what were you saying? 040: One time when i was on a bus trip the bus driver we said something about the skillet and he thought we'd flipped our lid. {NW} interviewer: You used the term skillet and he had never heard that? 040: No. interviewer: Oh. 040: That was out in Georgia by the way. interviewer: Now Is that right? Really? the- the word skillet now has become you know very a- became a commercial term. 040: Skillet. interviewer: You remember any uh uh things like this that had three legs? That were used in a- in a um 040: Stool? interviewer: Yeah no this is something like a frying pan. 040: Oh. Aux: {X} {X} 040: Kettle is that what you- interviewer: Well now kettle I- I was thinking something like a spider or a creeper I don't know if you ever- Do you ever use the word spider for a a frying pan that you use in the fireplace? Something like a frying pan it's got three legs and you put it right in the ashes. Aux: {X} 040: I wish you would talk. Uh-huh. I got a friend you need to talk with on them things like that he c- he can give you those old terms. {NW} interviewer: Yeah. Aux: Oven we call that interviewer: Uh-huh. Now a- a kettle what would you call something that- that um um This is just a big- a big heavy iron pot with a large opening you call that a? 040: A kettle. interviewer: A kettle. Do you ever use the term pot or did you ever use the term pot for that? What's the difference between a pot and a kettle? 040: Well I would of a pot being maybe smaller than a kettle. interviewer: Okay. Something you could put flowers in? 040: That's a pot. interviewer: Okay. uh what's another name for it? Little more formal. 040: Oh a vase? interviewer: Okay. And the three utensils you use at the table? 040: Knife fork and spoon. interviewer: Alright and one knife, one more then you have two? 040: knives. interviewer: Okay And after uh a meal you say now I must what the dishes? 040: Just wash the dishes or clear the dishes. interviewer: Okay and after she washes the dishes in hot soapy water she might hold them under uh cold water and she 040: Rinses. interviewer: Holds them under what do you say? 040: The faucet? interviewer: Right that's another word I'm- we have to ask you so we we get that out of the way um and something you might use for getting food off the plates? such a- a piece of cloth. Aux: {D: spec b gone} 040: No. interviewer: {NW} I'm just thinking of a piece of cloth that you might use in washing dishes. 040: Oh that's a dish rag. interviewer: Okay and how about someth- and you dry the dishes? 040: You dry 'em with a dry cloth. interviewer: Okay now you call that drying the dishes or wiping the dishes? 040: We call 'em drying the dishes or I do. interviewer: Okay. And something you might use um uh on your face um with soap and in the bathroom a piece of cloth 040: That's the washcloth the wash rag. interviewer: Okay can you use either one of those? 040: Uh-huh. 040: there on Audrey Walker there. interviewer: {NW} 040: they really used the interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: maybe #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 040: {D: maybe that's why I thought they were there.} interviewer: Yeah. That's uh- 040: They got these old words interviewer: Yeah. But I heard I was- I had to laugh when I left uh mr uh {B} {X} had the radio on after eleven after {X} 040: #1 Yeah that- # interviewer: #2 {X} # that was uh- uh- 040: Well they refer to such things as the police they don't say police they say police. interviewer: The police yeah. Well I just noticed that they- what they've done in that program they just kind of focus on all of the #1 uh # 040: #2 Uh-huh. # interviewer: the most uh uh country kind of type and old-fashioned type pronunciations. But uh. But I've heard most of them in person you know I mean like most every one of them the one- I- I've never heard anyone say human {C: pronunciation} for human. 040: {NW} No. interviewer: Uh uh Now. You said that was a faucet at the- at the sink how bout uh in the yard? Where you um 040: The spigot? interviewer: Okay. Would that- would you ever call it a- a spigot at the sink? 040: Some people would. interviewer: Would you? 040: Nah I've- I've heard it- no I would say faucet. interviewer: Okay and how bout a barrel? 040: I'd call it a spigot. interviewer: Okay. And uh the- It got very cold last night and the pipe? 040: Burst. interviewer: Okay. 040: Most- Here a lot of people say it busted. interviewer: Sure. Um something that um uh- a large container that pickles used to come in? 040: A crock? interviewer: Larger than that something that maybe meal and flour great big thing bout #1 this high. # 040: #2 A barrel? # interviewer: Yeah. And the uh things that are used to keep the- the staves in place or kids- 040: The bands? interviewer: Yeah okay. Now it- That's fine now that's one perfectly good word for it but do you ever call it anything else? What children played with several years ago. Hula? 040: Hoops. interviewer: Yeah. 040: Hoops. interviewer: Would you ever use the term hoops on a barrel? Or don't- don't you think of that? 040: No I would say- But now some would. The older generation I'm sure would say hoop. Barrel hoop. interviewer: And if you're pouring liquid from one a large container to a smaller one and using such a {D: look} sor- sorta like that- 040: That's a phone. interviewer: Okay. And. To make a horse go you have to crack a? 040: Whip? interviewer: Alright. and you go to the store and buy a dozen oranges and the grocer puts them in a 040: Now there you are {NW} It's according to who you are some of the people will say bag some will say put it in a sack. And some will say they put it in a poke. interviewer: Okay now- 040: Poke is an East Tennessee word. interviewer: Would you use- do- do you use poke ever-naturally? Is it in- in uh- 040: Yeah sometimes when I'm using slang I'll say poke. interviewer: It's perfectly uh uh- 040: It's acceptable around here. interviewer: Sure well oh mr mr {B} said- {X} thought about some of the writings something down said he wrote it down on poke paper. 040: Yeah uh-huh. interviewer: Uh the um- Um- 040: Or brown bag. interviewer: Yeah. Now are- are sack and poke ever used as terms of measure? Are the terms ever used you know for measurements? 040: I've never heard of it- interviewer: You know poke or something means a certain amount. 040: No. interviewer: Alright. And what is a- 040: Peck now you- you have your pecks. interviewer: Yeah. But that's more like a -a bushel I'd say. What about um um uh what's a- what's the uh uh the uh the poke made of now? {D: You're talking a minute.} 040: Brown bag? interviewer: Yeah. {X} What is that made of what's the substance? 040: Paper. interviewer: Alright. Um. Now. What about something made of cloth? a uh- a- a smaller cloth container? 040: It's- it's more of a sack I'd say. interviewer: Alright. Would you ever call a cloth a- a- a- a small cloth container a poke? 040: No I never did. interviewer: Would a poke ever- could a poke ever be a lard? Is a poke always paper? 040: To me it is. interviewer: Alright. Did they ever- did the teachers in school get onto kids for using poke? 040: Uh. interviewer: Was that a- #1 I don't think- I don't think that would come up to much. # 040: #2 I don't remember it though- # I would say that they did. interviewer: Uh-huh. But uh. Okay. Now how bout a large um uh cloth sack of rough material? maybe put a hundred pounds of fertilizer or a grain- 040: Well that's a peat sack- #1 or. # interviewer: #2 Alright peat sack. # Now did you ever hear of any other- know of any other terms for that? Another sack. Aux: {X} 040: What is it? Aux: {NW} Well some call it a {D: bagstack} and uh burlap. 040: Burlap bag. interviewer: Sure. But how- there's another term I'll bet you know too. That I'll bet you both know. 040: I don't recall it. interviewer: How bout toe sack? Aux: Yes 040: Oh yes {X} interviewer: Would you ever use that term? 040: Yes. {NW} We might say a toe sack. interviewer: Okay. Um but never croaker sack? 040: No. No I haven't heard that. interviewer: Now see that's really- that's one of the terms that's very useful in separating the speech of of Tennessee of- of and- and Northern Georgian Tennessee Northern Georgia you get toe sack but at the Chattahoochee River from the Chattahoochee River south nobody say toe sack virtually. 040: What do they say? interviewer: Croaker sack. 040: Oh. interviewer: Croker sack or croker sack. {C: pronunciation} 040: No I've never heard of that. interviewer: If they pronounce their Rs they say croker if they don't they say croker {C: pronunciation} 040: Oh {NW} interviewer: So it's- no it's a- a- that's uh- that's invented. Toe sack I think is a- is a North Carolina word that has you know moved this way. How bout the- the amount of corn or meal or water that you could carry to a- to a mill at one time? 040: I don't know. interviewer: Um. Did you ever use the term a turn is that- A turn of corn is that at all familiar to you? 040: No. interviewer: Um. How bout the amount of wood you can carry in both arms like this? 040: Armload. interviewer: Okay. And how bout not a- a full load in a way do you have a special name for a a- a- a half load or a partial load? 040: Not to me. interviewer: Okay. And. Um. Wait let me um 040: You need Cart Walker- interviewer: The light goes out you have to- you have to put in a new? 040: Bulb. interviewer: Alright and the whole thing would be a- That's right but then- 040: New bulb? interviewer: Yeah but what kind of a- a- 040: A light bulb. interviewer: Right. Say it again I might have mi- 040: Light bulb. interviewer: Okay. And then Uh when you d- uh do your laundry you're hanging it outside you take the- the wet clothes outside and uh- 040: You hang them up. interviewer: You carry them out in a? 040: I'm trying to think of the word maybe you want we carried them out in a- just a basket. interviewer: That's the word I wanted. So that's- that's fine Did you have a spe- 040: Clothes basket. interviewer: Alright. Now this is something uh like a um um a- a barrel but much smaller and used for um uh uh well nails for example. One of the small- 040: A keg? interviewer: Alright. And uh something you put in the top of a bottle? 040: A cork? interviewer: Alright now does that have to be made of cork to be called that? or can it be- 040: No. interviewer: Like made of rubber? 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Something a- a musical instrument that you blow on bout this long. Has reeds in it. 040: You talking bout the French harp? interviewer: Yeah. Okay now um the one you hold between your teeth and twang? 040: Mm. That's a- Aux: Jew's harp. 040: Jew's harp. interviewer: Okay. And the part of a wagon that goes up between two 040: #1 tongue. # interviewer: #2 horses? # And they part of the wagon in the back that the horses pull on. It's right up against the- 040: I don't know. interviewer: And then- 040: I know what a- I know what you're talking about. interviewer: Uh-huh do you re- 040: Right behind the horses? interviewer: {X} there's a doubletree and a singletree I just wanted- or- or 040: Yes I- interviewer: Sometimes they're called wippletrees of wiffletrees or swingletrees or- But- You're not familiar with those? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Um and the parts of a buggy that go up under the side of the horse? Alright and the steel rim of a- of a whee- of- of a- the steel part of a wheel? 040: Wouldn't that be called a hoop? interviewer: Could- yeah I suppose or- or- I used the word rim it could be called a rim too. 040: Yeah. I say more- the rim of the wheel. interviewer: You know the term felly? 040: No. interviewer: At all? Okay. And a man's going back and forth with wood in his wagon you'd say he was doing what he was? 040: Well in the days when they used wagons I'd say they were toting it. interviewer: Okay. They use that for a- for a um um And what would they use now I mean- Aux: Hauling it. 040: Hauling it. interviewer: okay but you think of toting meaning the same thing- 040: Toting is carrying something or transporting it interviewer: Okay. And. They cut a lot of tree down in the field and now they have- and- and then they and so they um they drag it off- today they drag it off yesterday they 040: They drug it. interviewer: Okay. And the um uh different different kinds of- of um um implements used for uh breaking up the ground? 040: Plows? interviewer: Do you know any different kinds of plows? 040: Not familiar enough to uh- I know they have a different shape that they call different kinds but I'm not familiar with- interviewer: Okay. How bout something that uh that's used to break up the clods in the smaller- 040: Uh that's called a cutting {X} interviewer: Okay. And the part that goes from one wheel to the other on a wagon? 040: That's the axle. interviewer: Okay. And if sawing wood um you uh one uh if you use two of these things one kind is shaped like an X. You put a log on it. do you know what that's called? 040: It's called a horse. interviewer: Alright. Well now there's one that's shaped like a A-frame and there's one that has an X-frame 040: No I've saw loads of them but I didn't know what they were called. interviewer: Okay. And might use a comb on your hair or you might use a? 040: Brush? interviewer: Alright and to sharpen a ra- A- a straight razor use a? 040: Leather strap. interviewer: Okay. 040: Uh you'll- the older people u- use the word strap. interviewer: Okay but the word strap is- is- uh is- you wouldn't- 040: I wouldn't but- but uh more familiar people would ei- would certainly use strap I'm sure. interviewer: Okay now that's what uh mr uh- 040: He probably used strap then. interviewer: Sure. Yeah. Um. And then a um uh You might speak of this as a shell what you fire in a- in a riot. Or you might call it a- 040: Bullet? interviewer: Yeah or you might called it- 040: Cartridge? interviewer: Yeah. Say it again. 040: Cartridge. interviewer: Um and uh something that one child sits on either side and goes up and down? 040: That's a see-saw. interviewer: And when they're doing that you say they are? 040: They're see-sawing. interviewer: Okay. And have you ever seen one of these um something similar to that except its just one long plank that's fixed at either end and they kind of sit on it and the board is limber it's a limber plank that they kind of bounce up and down on? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Um. And something that has two um- how bout a homemade merry-go-round? 040: #1 I don't know. # interviewer: #2 I don't think they make those anymore. # I've seen some flying Jenny or uh 040: No well I've heard of that one uh-huh interviewer: or ridey- do they use the term ridey horse here for that? 040: No. We have a rocky horse. interviewer: What's- that's something {X} 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: {X} like a hobby horse or- 040: Yeah. interviewer: Yeah. Um and two ropes or chains suspended from a limb or- 040: Swings. interviewer: Alright. And when you have a coal sto- a coal stove you um something that might be placed beside the stove just keep a small amount of coal in it? 040: It's a- the wood box? is that what you're- interviewer: Well this is something that you could carry with you 040: Oh a coal scuttle. interviewer: Right. And um the s- the I was talking before about the soot. you said the soot is- goes- is- is taken out of the- 040: The flu? interviewer: Alright. You might call it a flue there's another more uh- uh uh just a name for the- Aux: The stove pipe. 040: The stovepipe? #1 Is that what you're-. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # But you wouldn't use that you'd- you'd call it the flue. not the stovepipe. 040: Well the flue ah was built into the house and stovepipe would be connected to interviewer: #1 Next to it. # 040: #2 the flu. # interviewer: I see. The stovepipe's attached to the- to the 040: #1 back # interviewer: #2 goes to the stove to the- # 040: #1 to the flue. # interviewer: #2 to the flue. # 040: That- that would be my interpretation interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 of it. # interviewer: And this is a- a- uh something for carrying dirt uh has one wheel and two handles. 040: Wheelbarrow. interviewer: Alright. Something you carry in your hand for sharpening a- a side or a knife something a uh 040: File. interviewer: Okay. 040: Is that what you're wanting? interviewer: Well that's one kind. This is more like a- a stone or a rock. 040: A whetrock? interviewer: Okay. How bout one that's mounted on a treble or a handle? 040: {X} Flat stone? interviewer: Okay. 040: #1 No.Okay. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # 040: #1 That's still not it. # interviewer: #2 Um. # 040: We got- we had one downstairs. interviewer: No I was- it might be called a- a griding stone 040: Grinding stone grinding stone. interviewer: Alright. And this uh vehicle I drove up in is a? 040: Is a car. interviewer: Alright. And uh you might take it in and to a- a service station they put it up on a- on a rack and get under it and? 040: Grease it? interviewer: Alright. And so yesterday he? 040: Greased. interviewer: Alright and the surface after you- if you fried some eggs in a frying pan then didn't wash it you'd say the surface is awfully? 040: It's greasy. interviewer: Okay. And at the service station they might also check the water and? 040: Oil. interviewer: Before they had- um uh electricity people used to burn what in lamps? 040: Kerosene? Coal oil. interviewer: #1 Call- # 040: #2 I guess. # interviewer: call both. 040: That's- the more interviewer: #1 the local terms # 040: #2 main term because it- # was coal oil. interviewer: Okay. Have you ever seen a makeshift lamp or torch made with a rag uh or a piece of cloth and a bottle or can in kerosene? Do you have a name- special name for that? Aux: {X} 040: A wick is that what you're- interviewer: Well the wick is part of it but no I'm- what I'm really checking here is that- is that um we- we got the word from a folk informant you know really uh uh uh a person that's lived their whole life in the country and she called it a flambeau. Which I thought was- 040: I've heard of them. Flambeau. interviewer: For- for- for a homemade- 040: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 {X} # interviewer: Have you called it that? Aux: No I've never called 'em that before. 040: But I have heard that term. interviewer: Uh-huh. But used in the country {X} Not a uh yeah But I usually think of that as a um uh something more- more elegant you know a flambeau or something. Out of Shakes- a Shakespeare play or you know in a fancy restaurant or something rather than- 040: Maybe they're just taken the- interviewer: Sure well its interesting it's probably French borrowed from you know it might be borrowed from- from French I'm not sure. Uh in. {X} American English. In uh- toothpaste comes in a- 040: Tube. interviewer: Alright and if they build a boat and they take it down to the water they say now we're going to? 040: Launch it? interviewer: Alright And a small small boat um that um might be used on a river? 040: A motorboat? interviewer: Now something that you wouldn't- uh wouldn't have the- wouldn't have- 040: Row boat. interviewer: Alright do you have any other names for that? 040: Canoes? interviewer: Do you know the term- uh do you ever use the term either John boat or bateau? 040: No. interviewer: Neither of those. Um. Say that someone says have you been to the store yet? Uh and you say no but I am- 040: Going? interviewer: Say the whole thing. 040: Going. interviewer: Yeah. 040: I am going. interviewer: Yeah. And we 040: We are going? interviewer: #1 They- # 040: #2 No we- # They are going. interviewer: Alright and someone's passing around a- a some um some dessert and they seem to have skipped past you and- and you might say am I? To get some. 040: Am I going to get some? interviewer: And then speaking of that they've been- say They going to get some. 040: They're going to get some. interviewer: Question though. 040: Are they going to get some? interviewer: And a child has been um uh is uh one of your children looking for um uh uh article of clothing um you find the clothing you might say here- 040: Here it is. interviewer: Okay. Using the word clothes. Would you- would- using the word clothes would you als- always used that as- would you always say here are your clothes would you ever say here is your clothes? 040: No I would say here are but- interviewer: Even if it's just the one sweater? 040: No I would refer to the article. interviewer: You wouldn't call it clothes. 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Um. You see I don't th- think so but many people there uh- many people that um 040: #1 Think so or thought so? # interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah we say there are many people that think so or uh there's many- do you ever say there's many people? 040: Yeah that- that's used. There is. interviewer: Uh-huh. Can you say the whole thing then? 040: There is many people. interviewer: Alright. 040: Most- interviewer: Now would you say that thinks so or that think so? 040: That think so. interviewer: Okay. Um. Is the expression right smart used much in this area? 040: Right smart? Yes. interviewer: Now. In ha- how- now how would- how is it- would it uh Would it be used? In what kinds of different ways? 040: Well you were referring to the weather a while ago we might say that it uh it rained a right smart last night. interviewer: Okay. How bout um um- Would you ever use it to- for instance uh to indicate a difference? Someone says is there much difference between this and that? 040: Yes. interviewer: And you say? 040: There's a right smart difference. interviewer: Okay a right smart- would you ever used that in your #1 own- okay # 040: #2 Yes I would. # interviewer: Now. Are there any other ways you use it? 040: No I don't know- interviewer: Right smart of ways I use it. 040: {NW} interviewer: {NW} 040: There's many ways I'm sure but they're less used. interviewer: Yeah what- what I was thinking of it used um um Would you ever just say something is right smart? 040: No. interviewer: Uh. Would you ever s- would you ever say um uh Right smart of them do. For many of them who whichever- 040: No. No. interviewer: But the only way you'd use the term apparently is- is to mean just uh 040: A great- a great {X} interviewer: Many and then a right smart uh it rained- it rained right smart or 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: #1 Uh # 040: #2 The- # large amount or interviewer: Okay. Right. And um if you're petting a dog and the dog shied away from you you might say come here I to hurt you I? 040: I'm not going to hurt you? interviewer: Alright. And if you're not certain that you're right about something you might say I'm right You- you're trying to confirm it with someone else. They'd say I'm right. 040: Am I not? interviewer: Well is- would that be natural for you to say am I not? 040: Well it would be to me but uh interviewer: You wouldn't- it wouldn't- 040: Lot of- a lot of the times you would say ain't I? interviewer: Uh-huh. Now how- how- Where do you stand on the use of ain't? 040: I don't care for it. interviewer: Okay. How about would you ever say I'm right aren't I? that sounds foreign or- or 040: No I don't- interviewer: {X} 040: I don't like that. interviewer: Okay. So you'd say I'm right am I not? 040: That- that's what I would say. interviewer: Okay well that's all I'm you know interested in. They um uh something happened uh um and um oh someone- someone took something away and um uh and you might say uh oh that's alright going to do it anyway we- That isn't a very good example the i- the idea is um uh someone apologizes for doing something to something weird then you say um 040: Well that's alright. interviewer: You say that's alright because we- going to do it anyway we- 040: We are. We #1 were. # interviewer: #2 in the past. # Yeah that's it. Um someone says did you break that um did you break that window and you'd say no it- 040: It wasn't me. interviewer: Okay. That's- that's um uh How bout the use of the- of the uh expression be? I be or he be does that- is that um- 040: Uh-uh. interviewer: He's busier than I be? 040: No we don't- interviewer: Never uh how be you? For how are you? 040: No. interviewer: Is that used at all? 040: I don't ever hear it. interviewer: Okay. If you were going to get some um uh some uh uh drapes and you are- or some uh uh some upholstery you had some upholstery then you might stop at the store and bring home a small piece of cloth what would you call that? 040: A sample. interviewer: Alright. And talking about a- uh a uh a dress. Say that's a uh what kind of a dress? It's attractive it's a- it's a 040: Pretty? interviewer: Yeah. 040: Pretty. interviewer: Alright if that dress is pretty 040: #1 Now that- # interviewer: #2 then- # 040: That's the word you'll find pronounced most anywhere around here some of them say pretty. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Some will say pretty. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: And uh it's- interviewer: Some will say pretty huh? 040: It's just plain old pretty. interviewer: Uh-huh. And a- and a- what is- is- if this dress is pretty but the other dress is even? 040: Prettier. interviewer: Okay. And something you might wear over a a- a dress when you're um um cooking? 040: Apron? interviewer: Alright. And s- this is a? 040: A pen. interviewer: And something used to a- a diaper? 040: A pin. interviewer: Okay. Alright do you hear a difference in those two sounds when you say 'em or are they about the same? 040: No not when we're talking there's no difference. interviewer: Okay. They're both pen or both pin? 040: Pin. Both pin. interviewer: Okay. 040: Closer to pin. interviewer: Alright. and if um and a beggar might use a cup made of- 040: Metal? interviewer: Yeah what do they call that metal though? 040: Tin cup. interviewer: Okay and uh a dime is 040: Silver. interviewer: Yeah you might call it a dime or you might- might even a nickel five? 040: Well it's ten cents. interviewer: Okay. How bout tin and ten are those about the same as pin and pen? 040: Uh yes. interviewer: Okay. And if you go out on a cold day you might put on a- 040: A sweater or a coat. interviewer: Okay. And 040: #1 A wrap. # interviewer: #2 speaking of that- # Oh pardon? 040: A lot of people will refer to it as a wrap. interviewer: Okay. Now if you're talking about something with buttons you'd say that coat has buttons 040: On it? interviewer: Yeah Um and something a man might wear between a coat and a shirt? 040: It's a vest. interviewer: Okay. And these are? 040: We usually refer to them as pants. interviewer: Okay do you ever call them anything else? 040: Well they're trousers. interviewer: How bout- do you ever- 040: Britches? interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Britches. # interviewer: Now. u- under what circumstance would you use britches would you use that seriously or just jokingly or wha- 040: Well I would sue it jokingly but now the- the older generation would- and your- your more rural area will say britches and- interviewer: {B} that he just said that's- 040: Britches? interviewer: Britches is the natural expression and then trousers is you know kind of an expectation. 040: Yeah. When you're trying impress the- interviewer: Sure. Um. And if someone said uh uh did you bring my coat you say yes I have- 040: Brought it? interviewer: Yeah. And try the coat on he says how does that coat fit he tried the coat on yesterday. He said that coat 040: Fits I guess. interviewer: Okay yesterday then I tried that coat on yesterday and it? 040: It fit. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Don't know what else to say. # interviewer: And you- a man buys a coat and pants and he has a- 040: Suit. interviewer: And it's not an old one but a- 040: New. interviewer: Okay. Say the whole thing again. 040: New suit. interviewer: Okay. And the pockets are all filled up with things say the pocket's- 040: Bulging. interviewer: Okay. And the uh uh if- if you wash something in um uh I'm not sure if it's cold or hot water but it might? 040: Shrink? interviewer: Okay. And yesterday it? 040: Shrank. interviewer: And it has- 040: Shrunk. interviewer: Okay. Um and a- a woman uh enjoys uh putting on um uh uh fancy clothes you say she likes to? 040: Dress up. interviewer: Alright now how bout uh a term for putting on make-up? It's kind of fussing around putting on make-up. Would you talk about that in terms of dressing up or might you- 040: A lot of people might call it a hair sprucing-up. interviewer: Okay. How bout the term primp up or 040: Yeah primp. Yeah primp is more when you're fixing #1 your face. # interviewer: #2 put- put make-up. # You wouldn't talk about that with reference to the clothing? That would be- 040: No. No. interviewer: Um something that you put um- uh coins in. Carry a small coin 040: Purse? interviewer: Alright. 040: #1 Pocket book? # interviewer: #2 and # 040: Pocket book is referred to a lot around here. interviewer: Now is- either one is a pocket book 040: #1 Uh-huh yes. # interviewer: #2 or are they two different things? # 040: Pocket book and a purse is the same. interviewer: Okay. Um. But that's the outside that's the- the thing you buy that 040: #1 Uh-huh yes # interviewer: #2 makes it # Okay. That's not the small change thing is it? 040: No. interviewer: Uh. On a wrist that uh a um- might have a watch or just a- 040: Bracelet. interviewer: Alright. And around neck you might wear a? 040: A necklace. interviewer: Alright. Now if you're talking about it in terms- with reference to beads. You might call it a what of beads? 040: A string of beads. interviewer: Okay. And men uh sometimes wear a belt or sometimes wear 040: Galluses. interviewer: Okay now is that- that word is the- is the usual um 040: Suspenders. interviewer: Yeah well both of them but how- how do you- Well I want to get into the- you know the word galluses but you- How do you use it I mean it what- under what circumstance or it just one is as good as the other? 040: {D: Another me one big or the other} interviewer: Okay. Bucket or pale same- that sort of thing. And something you open up on a rainy day? 040: An umbrella. interviewer: Alright. And something you put over the uh after you've made up the bed you put this over? 040: The spread? interviewer: Okay. Um. Something you rest your- when you go to bed you rest your head on a? 040: Pillow. interviewer: Now a large pillow that goes- 040: Now that spread back there on the bed a lot of people call it a counterpane. interviewer: It- do you ever use that? 040: No I don't but the older generation might. interviewer: Okay so same thing though? 040: #1 Uh-huh. # interviewer: #2 as a- # 040: A spread and a counterpane. interviewer: How bout a large pillow? A- a long pillow? Maybe a round one that goes- 040: No I don't know what it's called but a pillow. interviewer: Okay your- term bolster you don't- 040: No. interviewer: And if something doesn't go partway across you say that goes? 040: All the way across. interviewer: Okay. You never use clean or clear or plumb or- 040: Uh you'll find the older generation using clean across. interviewer: Okay. Now this is something that you um uh something its uh washable impossible ti- uh but not tied. something like a blanket. Women used to make these. 040: Quilt? interviewer: No. Um. In a bed made up on the floor- 040: Pallet. interviewer: And if soil is very rich say this is what kind of soil? 040: Well we'd say it's good soil or uh referred to as top soil #1 sometimes. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # But uh something that starts with fur some fur. 040: I don't know. This would be a- Fur? interviewer: Yeah that's it. Now how bout low lying land along a stream? So its like what in the spring and fog later 040: It's a swamp? interviewer: Okay. Now. This is some- but uh 040: Uh the bottomland. interviewer: Alright. 040: #1 That's what the farmers- # interviewer: #2 Now is there a difference- # 040: Farmers if they're- if you're gonna plow it it would be a far- a bottom land. interviewer: But the part- the- the um uh 040: A swamp wouldn't be called anything. interviewer: Alright how bout low lying grasslands? 040: I don't know what that'd- interviewer: Um well just uh just a um um. There was a song that was very popular when you were about a sophomore or junior in high school and the last part of it was in the meadow. There's something in the #1 meadow. # 040: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: Well meadow is the word I'm- 040: Meadow. interviewer: Meadow so for the term meadow uh 040: Uh it's not too familiar. interviewer: The term meadow is used- meadow's the word I want you to pronounce so I- so I see that I left the tree out and gave you the word meadow. How bout a um- um uh now swamps uh you think of and uh any kind of uh inland uh- 040: Low area that's not cultivated. interviewer: And there's usually water in there all the time. Um. Any name for poor sandy soil? 040: Now we- No. We have rocky soil more here we don't have sandy. interviewer: Do you use the word loam or loom for anything that you use in reference to soil? 040: No not for soil. interviewer: Okay. What do you think a loam is? 040: Well loom uh something looms over you I- we use that some. interviewer: No this is a- 040: Referring to soil no. interviewer: And if they uh- they wanted to- to plant the bottom land or- or they wanted- they wanted to plant a swamp they might uh have to have to do what? 040: They have to clear it. interviewer: And then- alright and then they have to- to get the water off they have to 040: Grain it? interviewer: Sure and they might then they have to cut a- 040: A ditch. interviewer: Okay. And um a um uh just bodies of maybe just a couple of- of um um bodies of water around here. 040: Well we have ponds we have rivers we have creeks interviewer: What- what are the names of some of the ponds? Are they- do they have name? 040: They don't they don't have- interviewer: Ponds don't have names. How bout the- the- what rivers are there around here? 040: Well there's the {X} river and the {X} river. interviewer: Alright how bout creeks? 040: Louden River and Tennessee River. We have Sweetwater Creek uh We have um Head of the Creek and uh that's more referred to the Sweetwater Creek. interviewer: Head of the Creek is part of the- the Sweetwater Creek is that right? 040: Yes it's- Aux: {D: Nochta Creek} 040: The Notcha Creek's over in Monroe county. Other part of Blue Springs. interviewer: Do you have any branches? 040: We don't refer to ba- branches much. They're not named. interviewer: You know I see but a- a branch is a branch 040: A branch is smaller than a creek. interviewer: Is it bigger than a stream- than a- a spring? 040: A branch would be what comes from the spring. interviewer: I see- 040: A spring branch. interviewer: I see so a spring becomes a- 040: Well we call it a spring branch yeah. interviewer: I see. But you have names for the springs but not for the branches? Is that right? 040: Usually yeah uh yeah. interviewer: Okay. Um how bout a- a um um a uh a deep narrow valley of a small stream? um it's a- a uh a uh- a- a- a- 040: A ditch or a- interviewer: Yeah something dug by a channel Dug by a- you know created by a stream. I don't think you use the term I'm referring to gully or a- or a- 040: Yeah. Gully is quite familiar. {NW} interviewer: Okay. 040: Washing out the gullies. interviewer: Yeah now that- that's isn't that more of a channel cut by erosion though? 040: Yes that's- that's erosion gully is. interviewer: I was thinking of a ravine or a- a drawl or a gulch or something like that- 040: No we don't use- interviewer: Okay. Um. A s- A small elevation is a? 040: Hill? interviewer: Yeah now what's something a little higher than that a? 040: A ridge. interviewer: And higher than that? 040: A mountain? interviewer: Okay. Now between two mountains there's a- you look and you see two mountains peaks and you see a space what do you call that sp- 040: Well that's a gap. interviewer: Okay. And um. It's a part that um- I've been doing this for about- for about ten years and this is the first part of the test I've been in where people have you know had an answer for this so it's very refreshing. Uh. Something tha- 040: A gap? interviewer: Yeah I mean they have no name at all between mountains uh- 040: Open up the gap. interviewer: Yeah. Gap or pass or- 040: Yeah. interviewer: Close is another one you ever heard of a close? 040: I've heard it but it's not familiar here. interviewer: Alright. Um and something that extends out on a mountain or a high hill that you might be- you might be able to walk out on. 040: Um. A ledge. interviewer: Or a- that's right or another name for it. Usually you think of that in terms of um jumping off a- let's see what- you're less likely to say jumping off a ledge you'd say jumping off a- 040: A cleft? interviewer: Yeah and um the um a place where boats stop and uh upon which freight is unloaded. 040: A dock. interviewer: Okay. and if the- and when the water- the water's running along and suddenly it drops sharply. 040: A fall. Waterfall. interviewer: Okay and something a little smaller than that what would you call it not as much as a fall but just a place where water runs more swiftly. #1 You use the word- # 040: #2 Rapid. # Rapids? interviewer: Okay do you ever use the word shoals around here? 040: Yes they are used on- interviewer: What would be that- 040: Like around {X} you'll find that word. interviewer: What's that thing? Which word? 040: Shoals. interviewer: How do you pronounce it? Um. Alright now this is different kinds of roads the composition of some different kinds of roads. 040: Well we have asphalt and concrete. interviewer: Okay. Um. 040: Or gravel. interviewer: Um what's another name for uh- for a- for a um for asphalt? 040: Tar. interviewer: Okay. And- and a road out in the uh uh off the main that might not get refinished at all that'd be called a- 040: The country road or the gravel road. interviewer: Okay. Um. How bout a small road in the- in a um- um or a s- how would you distinguish a- a uh like the one in front of your house what would you call that? 040: It's a street. interviewer: Okay a street you think of a street as- as opposed- as a smaller something smaller than a- than a road but- but uh um- 040: A road is usually leading out of town and a street is within a town. interviewer: Alright. How bout something that goes to the public road after the house? Or- 040: The sidewalk? interviewer: Well this is something you might be able to drive up on. 040: Driveway. interviewer: Okay. Now I don't- Do you have any grass between your sidewalk and the- and the um- well you have grass- what do they call that officially that'd be interesting if they- 040: Grass? interviewer: Grass between the sidewalk and the street. If they have that in- in Sweetwater. 040: We don't have that. interviewer: Okay. And there's no- the i- the notion I mean the idea of even having a name for that sort of thing then probably is- Hear things like uh a grass strip or a [X} or a parkway or a parking strip or a- 040: No. interviewer: Tree horn none of those? 040: Uh-uh. interviewer: Okay. Um. You pick something up and might pick something up and uh you say he did what at a dog he? 040: He threw it. interviewer: Alright and if you pick something up and it was hard you might call that a what? 040: A rock? interviewer: Okay. Um. You ring the doorbell and- you go to a friend's house and you- and you ring the doorbell and you say well I guess she isn't 040: Home. interviewer: Alright. and um you'd say uh say where is uh where uh- after she gets home say now she's at the house you wanna- something in between that. She's- 040: At the house? interviewer: Okay and and now you're speaking of the kitchen she's- 040: In the kitchen. interviewer: Okay she's at the house but in the kitchen. 040: Uh-huh. Okay. And um someone asks you um uh See I don't see how he can eat that dry cereal milk I don't see how he can eat that dry cereal- Without? interviewer: Yeah. And say I- I'd much rather have it- 040: With. interviewer: You would say both expressions using milk after it though? 040: I'd much rather have it with milk. With milk. Not without milk. interviewer: Right thank you. Um. Say I um I saw someone coming- 040: Toward? interviewer: Yeah. And you might come home and say guess who I ran- 040: Into. interviewer: Okay. Um. And say we named the child- gave the same- the child the same name as the uh- the uncle and- and you say we named the child- 040: After. interviewer: Okay. And a four-legged animal that barks is a- 040: Dog. interviewer: Okay and a call to a dog to attack another dog. 040: Sic him. interviewer: Okay. And the na- a name for a dog of uh of um uh mixed breed. 040: Of course that was- interviewer: Huh. 040: Uh Aux: Mutt. 040: Well. He's a mixed dog is I guess what we might say or he's a- interviewer: I just wanted to use a term like Cur or- or mongrel or feist or scrub or some or any of those. 040: No he's more of a mixed breed. interviewer: #1 Okay # 040: #2 I'd say # a mixed dog. interviewer: Say he was what by a dog? 040: He was bitten. interviewer: Uh. You say I saw the dog- 040: Bite him? interviewer: Yeah and um uh say did the dog- let's see let's see uh you'd say did the dog bite him you say yes the dog 040: Bit. interviewer: Okay. And a uh um The animal the- the principle- the animal on a dairy farm is a- 040: Cow. interviewer: Alright and the male counterpart is a- 040: Bull. interviewer: Alright. Now. Are there any uh uh special terms that you- you remember that might be used in the presence of women to avoid using the term bull is that is that- 040: {NW} Male cow or- interviewer: Uh-huh. yeah 040: One of our preachers referred to it as a Truman cow. interviewer: Or Jefferson cow. {NW} And the uh they have two animals a- a- animals used for plowing other than horses. Sometimes. 040: Oxen? interviewer: Yeah. Uh they use oxen around here? 040: No. interviewer: What do they use- might use around here? 040: Horse. interviewer: Or. anything else? 040: Mule? interviewer: Uh-huh. They use mules around here? 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Alright now you have two of them working together you 040: #1 They're a team. # interviewer: #2 call it? # 040: Team of mules. interviewer: Okay. And how bout a left shoe and a right shoe you call that a- 040: Pair. interviewer: Would you ever use that with a- referring to mules? working together? 040: I haven't I've always heard a team of mules. interviewer: Okay. And a young cow is a- 040: Calf. interviewer: Alright. And if uh a cow uh you'd say uh Daisy is going to- The cow is- Prefaced with calf you'd say Daisy is going to- 040: To have a cow? interviewer: Yeah. And a um um a male uh the male counterpart of a- of a like the- the male and female horse is a- Well first what's a ri- a riding animal is a- 040: It's the horse. interviewer: Alright and The plura- the plural is- 040: Horses? interviewer: Alright the female horse. The old gray- 040: Mare? interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And how- and how bout male horse? 040: Uh the stud. interviewer: Okay. And tha- speaking of- of a- a in the horse's back and you go for a 040: Ride? interviewer: Yeah and yesterday I- 040: Went for a ride? interviewer: Yeah but yesterday- 040: I rode? interviewer: And many times I have- 040: Ridden. interviewer: Alright. And he was riding on a horse and he fell- 040: Off. interviewer: And the little boy in- in uh uh in bed you say he fell- 040: Out of bed. interviewer: The whole thing. 040: Out of bed. interviewer: Okay. And this is something you pitch at- at uh- A horse wears these things. You pitch them- 040: Shoe horseshoe. interviewer: Alright and plural? 040: Horseshoes. interviewer: And the horse wears them on his? 040: Feet. No his uh Aux: Hooves? 040: Hoofs? interviewer: Yeah and the singular? 040: Hoof? interviewer: Okay. And um a- a um the uh substance that grows on a sheep's back? 040: Wool. Aux: And the male is called a? The male sheep- the female they don't- they don't raise any sheep around here? 040: No we don't raise sheep. interviewer: Okay. 040: {NW} interviewer: Um. How bout a- the animal that pork is got from is a- 040: Well its a hog or a pig. interviewer: Alright what's the male called? Aux: Boar. 040: Boar? interviewer: Alright. And the um- uh the the stuff hairs on a hog's back you'd call that? Aux: Whiskers. 040: Bristle? interviewer: Okay or a toothbrush. And the- and a- and a um do they have any uh uh wild hogs uh 040: Yeah they have 'em called boar hunts. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Up in Talaco. interviewer: What are they called? 040: Wild boars? interviewer: Okay. They call 'em anything else? 040: No not around here. interviewer: And they have- those wild ones have two- 040: Tusk? interviewer: Yeah. Alright. And and the pigs and hogs eat from a- 040: Trough. interviewer: And the plural of that is? 040: {NW} Troughs I guess. interviewer: Sure. Um- The um- uh sound that uh- oh here's it is couple things here a uh- a bone- a chicken bone that- take either- pull on it. 040: It's called a pulley bone or a wishbone. interviewer: Okay. Now what is the uh- what i- what is the uh- What's supposed to happen when you do that? What's the- 040: You make a wish and whoever gets the short stub I believe I don't know I guess so- Which one is it? Aux: {X} 040: The long side of it. interviewer: #1 {X} # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um I- do you have another uh a name for the um uh the edible insides of a pig or calf? Alright uh- 040: What's that the liver or the- interviewer: Alright. Yeah. How bout liver and something else? Lights. 040: Your what? Aux: Lights. interviewer: Yeah. Your liver and lights? 040: No. interviewer: And then a- the uh- the intestines that are someti- sometimes fried 040: Oh gee {NW} interviewer: You heard of chitlins? 040: Yeah that's familiar- interviewer: But you don't know that word- that word isn't really in your active vocabulary? 040: Not in mine but maybe it's around here. interviewer: Alright and something a chicken lives in is a- A chicken- 040: Chicken coop. interviewer: Alright. And a uh- a- a chicken sitting on an egg is called a? 040: Setting hen. interviewer: Alright and if you go out uh to feed they uh- you'd say I'm going out to feed the- 040: Chickens. interviewer: Alright and if you're going to feed the uh um the o- the animals you say I'm going out to feed the- 040: The stock? interviewer: Okay. And the sound a horse makes at feeding time? 040: Bray? Or- interviewer: Okay I was thinking of something like whinny or- or nicker or wicker- 040: Now whinny is a- interviewer: Alright how bout the sound a cow or calf makes at feeding time? 040: I don't know. Aux: {X} interviewer: Alright. And a- the sound a calf makes being weaned Calf being the noise- 040: No I say they bellow. interviewer: Okay. Um. Now let's see. Um. Oh a name for- to- to render a horse bull calf or {D: boy to cat} sterile what's that called? 040: Spay? interviewer: Okay now that's for males or that's- that's for females? 040: That's for the females. interviewer: The males. 040: I don't know. interviewer: Okay. Um. How uh Do you know a name for a- for a uh uh a male hog that has been- been uh uh 040: No. interviewer: Okay. That's a- the term barrel but that's- they have the pronunciation of that as wheelbarrow so- wonder if there's any connection. Now. Um. Do you uh how would you call- did you ever have to call cows in from the pasture? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Or make them stand still at milking? Uh. Do you have- H- do you know how to do that? Aux: Huh? interviewer: How would you call out- call in cows from the pasture? Aux: {X} interviewer: Okay. And how bout to make them stand still at milking? Aux: Well I don't know I always just slap 'em on the rump. interviewer: Okay you slap 'em You ever said anything like sow or saw or- Aux: {D: Yeah saunder.} interviewer: {D: Saunder?} And how bout calls to calves? Any special calls to calves? Aux: No. interviewer: Or calls to horses to make- Oh you know this about making horses turn left and right. 040: Oh that's gee and haw. interviewer: Okay. Do you know which is which? 040: Gee's to the right and haw's to the left. interviewer: Okay. Uh uh calls to horses to get them in from the pasture do you remember? Aux: {X} interviewer: Okay. And to get a horse started you'd say- 040: Giddy-up. interviewer: And to get a horse to stop? 040: Whoa. interviewer: A call to pigs at feeding time? 040: Soot. interviewer: And calls- well calls the chicken. Aux: Chicka chicka. 040: Chick chick. interviewer: Alright. And if you're getting a horse ready for- to take him out for a drive you say I have to do what to the horse I have to? Aux: Harness him. 040: What put the harness on him or interviewer: Yeah. Um. What I mean- would you ever just use the term harness? To harness him? 040: I suppose so. interviewer: Alright. And the things you hold when you're plowing? 040: The reigns? interviewer: Alright. you call 'em reigns whether you're plowing or riding horseback? 040: {X} Reigns yes. interviewer: Okay. And the things you put your feet in when you're riding? 040: The stirrups. interviewer: Alright. And do you have a special name for the horse on the left and the horse on the right when plowing? 040: Yes but now I don't know what they are. I've heard 'em referred to but I don't know. interviewer: Ah. If something is in the long distance it's a- interviewer: Now the last thing we talked about last night is what uh- the uh- talked about the horse and about that. Right. Um. Did I ask you about the- the uh- something being a considerable distance away what you'd call that? Something was a- you say that- that- that's- that's really- you might say it's a- 040: Um far off. interviewer: Okay and something a short distance you could say it's a- 040: Close. interviewer: Okay. {X} it's a little- 040: Away. Aux: {X} interviewer: Okay. Um. How bout little pieces you ever use that? 040: Yeah we use that sometimes. There's slow people there. interviewer: Okay. And if something isn't difficult to find you say oh we can- you can find that just about any 040: I tend to say you can find that most anywhere. Any where. interviewer: And if someone fell this way you'd say he- he fell- 040: Backwards? interviewer: Okay he fell this way. 040: That's forwards. interviewer: Okay. And um if I ask you are there any left and you say oh n- {NS} 040: I would say not any. interviewer: Okay. Um. Someone asks you if you've done something wrong and you say no I- 040: I haven't. interviewer: {D: Say the whole thing} 040: I haven't done anything. interviewer: Okay. Um. And someone had a um a someone broke a {X} let's say and you'd say oh that's alright {X} Oh that's alright I didn't like it very much {X} Someone passing out uh um samples and you say well you didn't give me- 040: Any. interviewer: Okay. And if a little boy is uh uh seems to be uh spoiled. Uh. {D: That's not quite a thing to say} But he grows up he'll have his trouble. Thinking here about something like um probably likely to not or {X} to not 040: Most likely is what I'd probably say. interviewer: And what do you call the trenches dug by a plow? 040: A furrow. interviewer: And the uh the new ways that they select {X} corn {X} 040: {X} interviewer: And uh- before we plant it we have to the land? 040: {X} the land? interviewer: Yeah. And if uh you have one crop of uh hay let's say and then uh the end- the uh {X} another {X} you call that a- 040: A separate crop Or a meat crop. interviewer: Okay. Uh. And wheat tied up is called a- 040: Shock. interviewer: Alright. Now. 040: Or a bale. interviewer: Alright what's the difference between a bale and a shock? 040: Well a shock is loose- more loose than a- interviewer: Okay. If you have one bushel and you have thirty-nine then you have- 040: Bushels. interviewer: Okay. And if- speaking of- of oats say you're talking about oats that- after they're- they're cut they they're gathered they say oats- a machine that does this. 040: Are ground I guess. interviewer: Alright. Would you ever use the term threshed or creshed? 040: Yes I would uh-huh. interviewer: Which- which one sounds better to you? 040: Um. We would say threshing. interviewer: Okay. And talking about uh the two of us doing something you know nobody else is gonna do it. Uh we'll have to do it. You say you- 040: Alone? interviewer: No two people are gonna do it. You're talking to me and you say {X} who's gonna move that? And we're going to move it but you want to say- instead of saying we you say- 040: You and I? interviewer: Yeah. That's the {X} so forth. And speaking of two people you'd say um uh uh Someone's trying to separate one of the {X} you say that {X} 040: {X} interviewer: Yep. And um Who is coming over you would say um you're going over there with uh your son you'd say {X} pronouns you'd say- 040: Uh we're coming home. interviewer: Alright now separate those and usually you'd say- 040: He and I are coming. interviewer: Yeah. And someone says uh {D: Did you train for the {X}} and you say you ask the opponent someone asks you and you might say its- 040: I would say it is ours but most- most people here say it differently. interviewer: Okay and if there's- and how bout with uh someone else? you say um uh Ask about uh say uh um- Mr Carver'd say it- {NS} 040: It's for you or what's- interviewer: Would you say its in reference to something that mr Carver would say it's 040: Busy? interviewer: Alright and- and the female would say- 040: It is chilly. interviewer: Alright and a number of people would even say- 040: Well we use {D: they they}. interviewer: Alright. Does that sound like it's they {X} 040: To me you'd {X} interviewer: If you talk about someone's height you'd say uh she isn't as tall something something. She isn't as tall as- 040: For most women we would say me. interviewer: Alright. I'm not as tall as- 040: As she is. interviewer: Okay. Um. But uh he can do it better than- Speak for yourself now. 040: Well I would- I would say he can do it better than I can. interviewer: Alright. You're talking about the- the business you go on and the walks they were several miles is- 040: Is too far? interviewer: Yes but you want to make it uh- to show that it's- It's as far as you can go you'd say two miles is as far as I can go. But how bout using something like all the farther all the further or farthest something like that. 040: {X} interviewer: Okay. And if something- if I ask you uh {D: now with {X} you'd say it's- 040: That's yours. interviewer: And if it belonged to both of us you'd say it's- 040: Ours. interviewer: And if it belonged to {X} you'd say it's- 040: It's theirs. interviewer: And if it belonged to him? 040: It's his. interviewer: And it belonged to her. 040: It's hers. interviewer: Okay. So that's for {X} and so forth Now at- with- with a- uh that's fairly common isn't it? 040: Yes. interviewer: Especially with old people And also they use a- {NS} a {X} 040: Yeah. Yeah. interviewer: If you had some friends over and they {X} they left uh anything you might say? When are- coming again when are- 040: When are you all. interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Now would you ever use that in the singular? Just one person? 040: No I nearly say you. That [X} is very familiar. interviewer: How bout something belonging to someone else? Might you ever ask if there are several people uh you might ask about their car. Would you ever say is that- 040: Not their car or- interviewer: You're talking to them. 040: Your. interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say is that y'all's car? 040: No. If it's talking to one person maybe use it. interviewer: Alright. If you wanted to know everyone who was at a party you might say was there you might ask someone- 040: Who all. interviewer: Uh-huh. And then you wanted to know everything that- that- that someone said you might ask what? 040: What did she say? interviewer: Okay. If you ever wanted to get everything would you ever- would you ever use what all did they say? 040: Yes you've heard it uh-huh. interviewer: What's that? 040: What all. interviewer: Okay. Um and if um- some people are uh uh people- young couple just moves away you say well now they're moving away from their parents now they're going to have to look out- 040: For themselves. interviewer: And you'd say uh I'd help him but he better do it- 040: Well you're gonna run into hisself. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Mostly but uh I would say themselves. interviewer: Okay. One person you'd say he could do it better- 040: By himself. interviewer: Okay. Now here's some different kinds of- of bread. Uh. What do you call uh wheat bread in loaves? 040: White bread? interviewer: Okay. Now D- Do you ever call it- uh do you ever use any other terms for that? Just the usual. 040: No it's white bread. interviewer: Are there any other kinds of bread made with flour or white bread? 040: Well we have rolls and biscuits. interviewer: What kind of rolls? 040: Well we usually just call 'em hot rolls. interviewer: Uh-huh. How do hot rolls differ from biscuits? 040: They're made with yeast. interviewer: That the roll rises and I see. Now what about uh uh corn bread- things made with corn bread. 040: Well we I- I call it corn bread. A lot of people call it corn pony. interviewer: Alright. Now are there any other kinds of bread or cake made with corn meal? 040: Uh there's um bread called fritter. interviewer: Alright. What's that? 040: Fried. interviewer: How bout um something- now this might be what you're talking about. That's something made like a frying pan? 040: Yes. interviewer: But you just pour it in a frying pan. Is it ever called anything else? 040: Uh yes. Um. interviewer: Would you ever call it uh um would- I'm thinking of the term mold cake. 040: Now that's an old term But they- they just call it mold cake. interviewer: Okay. And how bout uh uh corn bread made in the ashes of a fire? 040: I think they call those corn holes don't they? interviewer: Alright. And pa- something made out of board in front of the fire? 040: That's um- I can't remember what they refer- interviewer: Alright. How bout something made in fish grease? You drop- you roll it up and drop it in fish grease. 040: I don't know. interviewer: They put pieces of onion in there and add a corn meal dough and then they Fry fish you wrap that- {NS} 040: We call it a big fat frying here interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: You ever do that with- with corn bread? 040: Not with corn bread. interviewer: How bout rolling up a- corn- corn bread and uh- boiling it with um- with greens? 040: No now we'll mix cornbread and corn. interviewer: What do you- 040: Kernels of corn. interviewer: I see. Does that just kind of thicken it you mean or- 040: No you'll fry it hard. interviewer: And what's that- 040: {X} thick. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: While we used to call it a- uh corn bread of a kind. interviewer: I see, what {X} what is the- uh I believe- 040: I never make it but I have seen it. interviewer: The kind of things I was thinking about here are either um uh uh things are called- either called hush puppies. Or um- 040: Well we have hush puppies. interviewer: What- Are they different? 040: Well its- Its fried its deep fat fried. interviewer: Are they small things? 040: Small. interviewer: Alright. And what about uh corn {X} 040: Well a corn {X} is uh- its baked in the oven more. interviewer: Is uh- what does that mean? What #1 {X} # 040: #2 Corn- # {X} instead of saying corn bread. interviewer: I see. That's- that's the same- that's interesting that's the same thing that uh mr uh {B} {X} Corn bread has a number of different meanings. 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Uh. You distinguish between homemade bread or what you call the other kind? 040: Store-bought. interviewer: Okay. And something baked with a hole in the middle? {X} Uh Alright uh- What's that pastry with the hole in the middle? 040: A donut? interviewer: Alright does it have to have the hole in the middle to be a donut? 040: No. Jelly filled donut. interviewer: Okay how- and- and is that made with um yeast or not? 040: No I don't- There's some- now some of them do Yes some of them do. interviewer: What about- 040: {X} interviewer: Okay what about something that's uh made with a weak batter and cooked in a- a frying pan? Have it for breakfast. 040: Um. Waffles or- interviewer: No. Like waffles except- 040: A pancake. interviewer: Alright you ever call it anything else- 040: Yes. {NS} um {NS} {X} interviewer: Alright. Now. is the term um- any other terms for that? Do you know the term fritters? For pancakes? 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: But it- you wouldn't use it? 040: No uh usually a fritter is anything we're talking about is fried in {X} fat interviewer: {X} 040: {X} interviewer: {X} If you had one pound of flour then you had another then you'd have two? 040: Two pounds. interviewer: Alright and the center of an egg is called the- 040: Yolk. interviewer: And it's color? 040: Yellow. interviewer: And a chicken lays a- 040: Egg. interviewer: Alright. And if you put those in water for three minutes you'd have- 040: Boiled egg. interviewer: And what if you opened them up in there? In the water. 040: You'd have a poached egg. interviewer: Alright. Now um this is some different kinds of- of hog meat on the s- uh the- the meat that um uh that is uh uh has very little lean in it? You've seen the side of a hog where- 040: Well you'll refer- lotta- most everybody round here would say fatback. interviewer: Alright. 040: But uh- interviewer: Would that be with no- Does that have some lean in it? 040: Very little. interviewer: #1 Alright. # 040: #2 Very little. # interviewer: Do you have a name for the no lean at all? Or you'd still call that fatback? 040: Well what is it? Is it the meat that you use for seasoning is that what you're- interviewer: Yeah. Right. 040: Well I'd call it seasoning meat. interviewer: Alright. Okay well now {X} 040: Yes. We- we call 'em fatback. interviewer: O-okay. If you're gonna buy bacon at a in a big piece like this what would you call that a- 040: Slab bacon. interviewer: Alright. And if uh you had a fourth that is smoked and salted {X} You know? 040: {X} interviewer: Is uh smoking salted pork? 040: Cured. interviewer: Alright. And you- talking about you get a slab of meat and you cut it up and salt it what do you call that? 040: Ham. interviewer: No this is the- you have a slab and you have it for breakfast every day. 040: Oh. Bacon. interviewer: Alright. Um. And meat packed in a casing? 040: Is that- you mean the ham part or? interviewer: No this is just meat that's ground up and packed in a case there. 040: I don't know. interviewer: Oh sure. What's salami and bologna and- 040: Oh. interviewer: Different kinds of- 040: Well whatever type of {X} ham interviewer: Alright. 040: If we have bologna. interviewer: And what is that though? And how would you- I mean what does bologna and salami and stuff like that have in common they're all a pork- a pork kind too- a pork uh- 040: Well they're all pressed meats and they're packaged and- interviewer: #1 Okay # 040: #2 Sandwich # meats more. interviewer: Right. Yeah now that but um- When you use pork um like sometimes people have pork fried pork for breakfast. Um. Yeah sometimes you get links and sometimes it not. 040: Sausage. Is that what you're- interviewer: That's the word Sure sure. Um Uh and a man who cuts meat is a- 040: Butcher. interviewer: And if meat is left out too long you'd say the meat is- 040: Spoiled. {NS} interviewer: Alright. And now you mentioned pressed meat before what would you call um a uh particular kind made with a- the meat from the- the the head of a hog and its ears and so forth? Made as kind of- 040: {X} meat. interviewer: Okay. Do you have a name for ground beef rolled in tripe and pickled? Do you ever make anything like that? 040: Ground beef? interviewer: Yeah. Rolled in tripe and pickled and then sliced and fried. 040: No. interviewer: Do you eat anything that- that's- that's kind of like that uh made- made with cornmeal in the juice from from {X} meat? 040: No I've seen my mother use it but I don't know what she called it. interviewer: Scrapple or cripple? 040: Something {X} interviewer: Either- either of those? {X} How bout sausage made with liver? 040: Liverwurst. interviewer: Okay. Have you had- do you know what liver mush is? 040: No. We- we make mush from corn meal. interviewer: Okay. Do you make anything with blood with uh the the blood of a #1 freshly uh # 040: #2 No. # interviewer: slaughtered ham? Um if butter's left out too long I don't mean it's getting soft from the heat but I mean if you can't use it you'd say that butter is- 040: Ah I'd say it was spoiled I- interviewer: That's okay uh I was thinking of either uh the other two were- were rancid or throwy. 040: Not throwy we don't use that. interviewer: Okay. 040: I've heard the word rancid. interviewer: Okay. And milk that's allowed to thicken is said to be- What do you call that? 040: Uh {X} interviewer: Alright and a kind of cheese that's similar to that kind of um made out of it? 040: Uh cottage cheese? interviewer: Yeah. And in- years ago when they had to get the- when they wanted to get the impurities out of milk they would- 040: Strain it. interviewer: Alright. And- and this is a a- a pastry made with uh with apples you put uh pear or pastry on and then a layer of apples and another layer of- of {X} 040: Well we call 'em apple betties or apple {X} interviewer: Okay. And they're both the same thing? 040: Uh-huh. To me they are. interviewer: Get out a few of those things there. Before they get all the different kinds of things you eat {X} 040: Food. interviewer: And the name of a sweet liquid you might pour over a pudding? 040: The sauce. interviewer: And uh- a uh something eaten between regular meals? 040: A snack. interviewer: And you might say how often have you- 040: Eaten. interviewer: Then you answer them I- two meals I- 040: I have eaten or ate interviewer: #1 Yeah and- # 040: #2 two meals today. # interviewer: This evening I will 040: Eat. interviewer: Alright I'm going to What the {X} I'm going to roll {X} 040: Hot pour or- interviewer: Yeah. Hot liquid that- 040: Coffee. interviewer: Yeah. And- and you say what when you're going to prepare that? You'd say- 040: Well I'd say I'm going to put- put the coffee or I'm gonna fix to put. interviewer: You're thirsty and you go to the sink and get a- 040: Drink of water. interviewer: And the thing you- 040: Glass or cup. interviewer: How much water have you- 040: Drunk. interviewer: Yeah. {X} 040: I've- I have drunk or drank three glasses. interviewer: And I will- 040: Drink. interviewer: And people come in sit down you ask them- 040: To be seated. interviewer: Alright. And so then they all- 040: Sit down. interviewer: Alright. And you pass the potatoes down and you say- 040: Uh. Have some or - interviewer: Okay. 040: help yourself. interviewer: And- Alright help yourself and so then they- 040: They help themselves. interviewer: And they had- 040: Helped. interviewer: Sure. And if you don't want any food that's being passed around you'd say- 040: No thank you. interviewer: And food- you had a roast one day and you had the same thing the next? 040: That's uh leftovers. interviewer: {X} 040: {X} interviewer: And the uh the stuff that- said you made it some people had it boiled and some people had it fried. 040: That's mush. interviewer: Alright. And corn and- and uh cabbage and carrots are all different kinds of- 040: Vegetables. interviewer: And a place you grow them in a yard is a- 040: Garden. interviewer: And the uh- uh this is coarsely ground corn. Uh or- or uh its um they have to take when they take the- yellow part off. Its uh a corn product made of corn. 040: Ho- hominim? interviewer: Yeah. And what about if its ground what's that called? 040: Grits. interviewer: Okay. Alright now mr uh {B} didn't know the word grits- 040: {X} interviewer: {X} {D: He loves grits.} Now this is something you might have with um you might have instead of potatoes. White. Looks a little like {X} except it's a- it's a grain that's uh grown in swampy lands. 040: Well we call it rice. interviewer: Sure. And a name for- for cheap whiskey. 040: Moonshine. interviewer: Oh well now that would be home- home brewed but illegally made is there any- any names that come to your mind- 040: White lightning. interviewer: Okay. Now I mean both white lightning- 040: And those are slang expressions. interviewer: Sure. But both of those are- are targeted {X} or the whole group- 040: Uh yes. interviewer: If there's something- something cooking in the kitchen you might tell- tell someone just that. Just. 040: Smell. interviewer: Perfect. And this is something that's made with uh something-something like sugar. It's ground and boiled maybe. Maybe you didn't but- Well- well what do you put on pancakes? 040: Syrup. interviewer: Alright now something similar to syrup. 040: Um. Are you talking about molasses? interviewer: Yeah. Now if we talk about molasses we talk about the molasses we're gonna say it's thick. The eh- you say the molasses- 040: Uh are they thick or- interviewer: Now that's what I mean now that's what- 040: Saying they're thick or uh a lotta people say they run slower. interviewer: Okay. Okay fine. But when you say that you'd- you'd say you'd say that- say that in plural. Molasses are- 040: Thick. interviewer: Okay {X} Do the words long sweetening and short sweetening mean anything to you? In relation to sugar or molasses? 040: Um not molasses it might refer to being not so sweet with sugar or sweetening something. interviewer: The term to short-sweeten. 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Alright. And if something isn't artificial uh it's you might say it's- 040: It's uh real or um genuine. interviewer: That's the word. Um and sugar- something might be sold in packages or it might be sold in a- In a um- Might just be a big bellow with the sugar in it. 040: Loose. interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use another word something like {D: it was brought in?} But a whole lot {X} 040: I don't know. interviewer: Do you use bulk? 040: Bulk we use. Bulk uh-huh. interviewer: Okay now Somethi- something like jam. Like with a jar. 040: Jelly? interviewer: Alright. And you have three shakers at the table. 040: Salt and pepper. interviewer: Alright and if these- this is a red fruit that grows in trees in lar- in large redwood- 040: Apple. interviewer: Now if you want one you say- you might say to someone please- 040: Hand me- interviewer: G- 040: Get me one or- interviewer: Give. 040: Give me an apple? interviewer: Yeah. And at the- which boys are you talking about are you talking about these boys and you say no- 040: Those boys. interviewer: And I say is it uh I ask you where something is you say its not far its just right- 040: Right over there. interviewer: Alright. And you're showing someone how to do {X} you do it- 040: This way. interviewer: Alright. If you don't hear what someone says you might say- 040: Pardon. interviewer: Alright. And the opposite of rich is? 040: Poor. interviewer: And you might- speaking of a poor man uh having a hard life you say a man- poor. Has a hard life. 040: Very poor? interviewer: A man who has nothing but most anything. {X} A man- 040: Is very poor? interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Is that the right term? # interviewer: And uh you say I'm a um speaking of- you'd say I'm not a- a nurse but I have a sister- 040: Who is. interviewer: Okay. {NS} With a- with a very rich father. You might say now um he's um a boy and then father is very rich how would you say that? He's the boy 040: Who has a wealthy father? interviewer: Yeah yeah you wanna say he's uh- He's a boy um father is very rich. You wanna put a word in- in the middle there. He's a boy- 040: Whose? interviewer: Sure. And George Washington chopped down a- 040: Cherry tree. interviewer: And what do you call that thing in the middle of a cherry? 040: Pit. interviewer: And how bout a- in a peach? 040: The seed. interviewer: And a- and a- a um a peach that separates easily from its seed. 040: Freestone. interviewer: Alright and one that does not. 040: I forget what they call those now. interviewer: Well some of the- queenstone or plumpy- 040: Yes queenstone. Queenstone that's it. interviewer: Alright and the middle of an apple is called the- 040: Core. interviewer: And- you have a special name for pieces of dried apple? 040: No. interviewer: #1 You know # 040: #2 No. # interviewer: the word snits? #1 Is that- # 040: #2 No # No. interviewer: That's Pennsylvania where that is. The nut that grows underground? 040: The peanut? interviewer: You call it anything else? 040: Goobers. interviewer: Okay. How bout- 040: Now that's a very familiar way- interviewer: Yeah. 040: That's more of slang to us. interviewer: Sure. Um This is a nut that grows in a tree it has two coverings on it. 040: A hickory nut or- interviewer: Another {X} {X} 040: Walnut? interviewer: Alright. Now what do you call- you have a- you know the name for the outer covering and the inner covering? 040: {X} I call it the hull. interviewer: The outer one? What do you call the inner one? 040: We call it the shell. interviewer: Okay. And now these are a couple kinds of nuts and one kind grows here {X} The kind that grows here and both of them are used in cooking. What kind of nuts you use- 040: The peanut I mean a- The pecan. interviewer: Yeah and then the other one. 040: The walnut. interviewer: Yeah and then there's- so there's another one that you use with cooking sometimes making Christmas cookies. A white- {X} 040: The almond? interviewer: Yeah. And this is the fruit that's grown in Florida. 040: Oranges or grapefruit. interviewer: Oranges and then if your- If you had to make some orange juice you had to send someone to the store for you said the oranges are- 040: Are all rotten. interviewer: Okay. And this is a little red vegetable that grows underground. 040: A beet? interviewer: Smaller than that. It's used in salads. 040: Um a radish. interviewer: Alright. And this is the plural of that. 040: Radishes. interviewer: Alright and this is a- a- something that grows on a vine. You have to put out uh sticks so you'll get plant 040: Tomatoes. interviewer: Alright and these uh vegetables grow underground and you boil them or bake them or fry them. 040: Potatoes. interviewer: Alright now uh what different kinds of potatoes are there? 040: We have Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes. interviewer: Alright. Um. What about the kind that- cut and it makes your eyes water? 040: Onions. interviewer: Do you have a special name for the little ones that grow um- the they got the you know the- the green stalks that you pull on- 040: Well its uh green onions we call them. interviewer: Alright and this is a kind of vegetable that you eat fried. They grow it around here. 040: The squash? interviewer: Something- well what kind of squash are there? 040: Well we have a um {X} interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call #1 the yellow one? # 040: #2 the yellow- # There's yellow squash. interviewer: Uh-huh. The kind with the green- 040: The green one I- I call them {D: barking} squash. interviewer: Okay #1 what- # 040: #2 Uh-huh. # interviewer: That's a good word. Um. How bout- this is a- a vegetable that you fry and its something like- its a little bit like {X} It's also used in- in soup. 040: Eggplant is that what you're- interviewer: Something- it's not eggplant but its okra. 040: Okra? interviewer: Yeah what do you use that for? 040: We just fry it. interviewer: Yeah well that's- uh I was in the army with a- a boy from Tennessee I'm not sure what town he was from. 040: Lot of them are bored on beans. interviewer: Yeah he was talking about fried okra all the time and I didn't know what okra was. {NW} 040: No no his fried okra. interviewer: Yeah. He loved it. 040: Good and crisp. interviewer: If something- something uh was- was- was bacon for example what might you say of bacon when you- you fry it and- and it- it gets smaller you might say the bacon- 040: It shrinks. interviewer: Uh-huh. Might you use another word for uh shrinked up you might say it Speaking of an old person you'd say why he just you would say he just uh shrunk up and died but you might say- 040: {D: shrivel?} interviewer: Yeah okay. Alright. And speaking of the side of- Hi Howard I'm all over town. {NW} Uh speaking of cabbage and would you say those ca- would you say those cabbages are big or those cabbage are big? 040: I'd say those cabbage are big. interviewer: Okay. And to take beans out of them you do this to a bean. 040: You break 'em. interviewer: Alright Now what do you call a bean that you have to break? 040: Green bean. interviewer: Alright. What about beans that you have to take out of the- out of the pod? You- 040: Well dried beans. interviewer: Yeah- 040: Or pintos. interviewer: Okay. But uh what other kinds are there? {X} 040: Well you thinking bout lima beans? interviewer: That's what I was making sure. I was wondering if you used butter beans. 040: Uh. We- we do use butter beans. interviewer: Are butter beans different from lima beans? 040: To me a butter bean is a larger more yellow. interviewer: Okay. Um. But where- when you're taking lima beans out of the pod what do you say you're doing? 040: We're shelling. interviewer: Okay. And what about beans that um- another kind of of- any other kinds of green beans? Or do they just use that one term or are there different kinds? 040: Well sometimes we'll refer to them as a type of uh half-runners or peanut bean or something like that but its um they're all a green bean. interviewer: What about the ones that are- half-runners are the ones that grow in the ground? 040: Right well. They're not stuck. In the garden {X} interviewer: What about- 040: Stick beans. interviewer: You call 'em stick beans? 040: Uh-huh. They grow on a stick. interviewer: Okay. You call 'em stick beans rather than pole beans. 040: More- more common I think is stick bean. interviewer: And what are confused Kentucky wonders? 040: Yes. interviewer: And what is that, that a kind of stick bean? 040: That's a stick bean. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Uh-huh. # interviewer: And names for the edible {X} and the- 040: The greens. interviewer: Okay. And if you have one head of lettuce and you had another you say you have two- 040: Two heads. interviewer: Okay do you ever use um- Talking to children that uh somebody had five children five- D'you ever use the term {X}? 040: No you done cattle. interviewer: Uh-huh but never with uh with- with kids? 040: No. not like {X} interviewer: The- on a- on an ear of corn the part that you take off 040: The kernel. interviewer: Yeah well this is over the kernel. 040: Oh the hu- um. interviewer: That's right. 040: The husk and but that's not the one- interviewer: Well that's one of them and then there's something between the husk and the corn like fine stuff. 040: The silk. interviewer: Okay. And corn served on the cob what do you call that? 040: Corn on the cob. interviewer: Uh do you have a- do you have another name for it? How bout the type of corn stock that you have to- 040: That's the tussel. interviewer: Okay. And This is a large thing it's something like a squash that grows out the garden from the ground? 040: Pumpkin. interviewer: Yeah. #1 And- # 040: #2 And # you'll find the pumpkin interviewer: #1 Yeah # 040: #2 round here. # interviewer: #1 Sure # 040: #2 {NW} # interviewer: Uh Now this a kind of melon that you chill and then eat for breakfast uh- 040: Uh Maybe something like a cantaloupe or a um um Lot of times we'll refer- refer to it as a mush melon. interviewer: The same thing? 040: Well it's got it's- interviewer: Both of them with the- the kind of- kind of #1 Mush- # 040: #2 orange-ish inside # interviewer: and brownish rough skin. Do you have a different name for the ones that are kind of greenish and white? White and yellow each side? They're about the same size except they're- 040: Dew melon. interviewer: Okay. So honeydew melon or- 040: Yes- interviewer: dew melon? 040: Well Either. Honey dew or dew. interviewer: Okay. What about those long melons that are red- 040: That's a watermelon. interviewer: Okay are there any different kinds of that you know you have names for distinguishable kinds of watermelon? 040: Well we have the striped and green. interviewer: Okay. 040: That we- interviewer: You don't use other- any other terms though for distinguishing- 040: No. interviewer: Okay. um These are little things that grow in- some of them are poisonous. Some of them are not um You have to be very careful if you're picking them when you cook 'em you- you uh use a steak. Slice 'em up and fry them. Put 'em in the fire with butter and it turns into steak. There's also soup made with this cream. 040: Mushrooms? interviewer: Yeah now do you have a name for the flavor of them? 040: You're talking about the {X} interviewer: Okay but- Now if someone has something in his throat it- it- it was stuck in his throat and you'd say he couldn't- 040: Swallow. interviewer: Alright. Um. And two- two kinds of things that people smoke are- 040: Cigarettes and cigars? interviewer: Alright. And if you don't- if you- if you don't have any outstanding debts you might say I'm not anybody I'm not- 040: I'm not in debt or I don't owe anybody. interviewer: Okay. And someone says are you are you able to do this and you say yes I- 040: Am. Or I can. interviewer: Alright. Uh and you'd say no I- 040: Can't. interviewer: When you're very tired {X} really tired because I worked- 040: Worked hard or? interviewer: Yeah well how would that whole thing all the way? I- 040: I'm tired because I really worked hard all day? interviewer: Okay. And if someone is uh uh someone has been uh- been sick for a while and then- and then they died uh {NW} the doctor arrives and you want to tell someone that the person is- is- is dead no longer alive you might say he is- 040: Well we're just used to say he's dead. interviewer: Alright. How bout already? Died you'd hear more Course I don't think you would use it as gone. 040: No. interviewer: No you wouldn't Um If someone i- isn't- isn't careful but uh should be you might say he what to be careful? 040: He- He ought. interviewer: Alright. And if you're gonna tell a child not to go someplace you'd say you- 040: You can't. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. How about uh do you ever use dasn't or daren't? Or uh dast? 040: Now daren't We use that {X} interviewer: Uh-huh. If someone doesn't know something that you think they should you might say to know that you- 040: You ought to know it. interviewer: Uh-huh. And- and the person wants to say that to himself. Um. He'd say I'd say- I'd say he had ought to know that. And then if the- negative of that would be he- 040: He doesn't know it or- interviewer: Um have you ever used haven't ought to know. {NS} 040: Uh yes I've heard that have not to know. interviewer: Uh-huh. Someone says will you do this and you say no I- 040: No I won't. interviewer: Alright. And a person wants to know if you'll help them um {NS} if you'll be able to help them you're not sure you say well I be able to help you I- 040: I might be able to help you? interviewer: Alright do you ever use might could? I might could help you? 040: Now that's frequent uh-huh. I've heard it. interviewer: You wouldn't use it yourself though? 040: No I don't think so. interviewer: {X} um If a person- you thought a person should have helped you but didn't you might- you might say to that person you have helped me. 040: You should have. interviewer: Okay. Um This is a kind of a of a- of a bird that makes a- a- a hooting sound. 040: Wood owl? interviewer: Alright now is there another kind of owl that hoot owl that you know? 040: No. interviewer: Kind of makes a kind of screeching sound. 040: Screech owl. interviewer: Do they have those around here too? 040: {D: Well they're not heard around here.} interviewer: Now this is a- a bird that gets up in a tree and- 040: The woodpecker? interviewer: Alright. And this is an animal with a life cycle that uh {X} 040: There's a skunk. interviewer: Okay. And do you have a general name for any kind of animal that might bother chickens? something that might- usually joking would reference a {X} 040: Uh. I've heard it but I don't remember what it's- interviewer: Think varmint. 040: Well yeah varmints- Varmints can refer to lots of things around here. interviewer: What do varmints refer to? 040: It's an animal. interviewer: Yeah but is it- 040: It would be an animal. interviewer: A predatory animal or it would- it would be um an animal that would get into- 040: Yes a- interviewer: Destructive animal. 040: Mischief. interviewer: Yeah. What kinds of animals are varmints? 040: Well usually a destroying. interviewer: Uh-huh. Are there any particular kinds of anim- 040: No. interviewer: Alright. Here's a little animal that uh eats nuts and climbs up in trees. 040: It's a squirrel. interviewer: Are there any different kinds of those? 040: {NW} Yes. Well we usually just have the squirrel just- or the tree squirrel. interviewer: What about the ones that don't get- {NS} But they're not- they're not really squirrels. They would be call- {NS} 040: {X} interviewer: Okay now little we talked about squirrels He said he likes squirrels and uh uh {X} tried to run right past him. {NS} 040: It's like a gopher? {X} A gopher is smaller than a squirrel. They dig some burrows up in the interviewer: Okay. 040: ground. interviewer: Yeah but now if you go to run around the yard you'd say the yard was {X} by the- 040: A mole? interviewer: No I was thinking of something I wouldn't use Either a ground squirrel- Gopher's okay though Gophers we call 'em {X} they had kinda couple strikes on their back dark- 040: I think so- interviewer: Couple shades of brown. Uh what kind of small fish are around here? 040: I think they have a- a croppy. interviewer: Yeah. 040: And a- course we have some catfish and some trout. interviewer: Now- But what is the sh- sh- something like fish uh seafood that is in a- in a shell you break the shell open? 040: The oyster? interviewer: Alright. And this is something- this is some- a thing that uh kind of like a uh another kind of shellfish that lives in the water? Aux: The crabs? interviewer: Alright you ever call it anything other than crab? 040: I mean I've heard other names for them but I always called them crab- interviewer: Called 'em crawfish or crawdads or- 040: Crawfish. interviewer: Now how bout something that {X} uh the kind of taste after it boils? When you have french fries? 040: You're not talking about shrimp are you? interviewer: Yeah. Um. And now these are things that hop along the ground a bit. They- They make croaking sounds they're down near the water. 040: Oh a frog? interviewer: Yeah now what do you call a great big one? 040: Bullfrog. interviewer: Alright. And what about the ones that are just on the grou- on- on- they never go in the water? 040: Um. A coke frog? interviewer: Okay and do you have a name for the little ones? That uh- 040: A tadpole? interviewer: Well. No I didn't mean that but that's- that's right but I- I was thinking of these very small green frogs that make a kind of piping noise {X} Some over on the trees {X} 040: No just the frog is all that I know. interviewer: You know about tree frogs or tree toads? 040: I've heard the expression. interviewer: Okay. Um What are these things that grow- uh we used to bake the frogs in the ground. 040: Dinner? interviewer: #1 So I'll have that too but- # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: this is something that uh {X} 040: The little red ones? interviewer: Yep. Now these things that move along the ground very slowly they have a hard shell? 040: A snail. interviewer: Yeah bigger. Some of them you see in water and some of them you see- And when you- and when you frighten them they put their heads in their sh- the shell. 040: Turtle. interviewer: Yeah. And you call 'em turtle in the water or land or both? 040: Well the dry land turtles we call them. interviewer: Okay. #1 Um. # 040: #2 And- # interviewer: And what do you call the ones that are in the water? Do you have any special name for them? 040: Well there is a difference in them. But I can't think of it right now. interviewer: Alright. How bout a- a- these things that fly around uh- or a candle. Around a light bulb. 040: Tinderflies? interviewer: Alright. Now those the same things that get into your clothes? 040: Moths. interviewer: #1 Yeah so different # 040: #2 We call those moths. # interviewer: tan or black? 040: Uh they're similar. interviewer: Okay what would you call it if one if you talk about a moth just one. The singular is- 040: A moth. interviewer: Yeah. And these things that fly around and light up at night? 040: We call 'em lightning bugs. interviewer: Okay. And these moths are things that that- show these wings to fly around- 040: The butterflies? interviewer: See 'em out in the country no they have long slender wings. 040: I don't know we may- interviewer: May call it a snake something. 040: A snake feeder? interviewer: Yeah uh. Would you call it that rather than a- than a dragonfly or a- uh- 040: I'd say most people would call it a snake feeder. interviewer: Okay. And now name a few different kinds of stinging insects. 040: Like the wasp? interviewer: Yeah. What else? 040: Like a bee. interviewer: Yeah. 040: There's the yellow jacket. interviewer: Alright. And another kind? 040: The bumblebee. interviewer: Yeah. What are- 040: The hornets? interviewer: Yeah. Now how bout that doesn't st- doesn't sting that- that builds a nest with uh out of uh uh Tiny bar- wasp that uh uh that doesn't sting. 040: You call 'em dirt bombers? interviewer: Sure. And how bout the brutal things that sting and draw blood in the- in the- the pinch? 040: Mosquito. interviewer: Yeah. Um. Those things that hop along in the grass are- 040: Grasshoppers? interviewer: Yeah and in- up in the corner sometimes you have to dust things out probably made by a spider. Well what's that called? 040: A web. interviewer: Okay. Now its called the same thing indoors or out? 040: Now some people might refer to them as a cobweb. interviewer: But that- where would that be? 040: That would be inside. interviewer: Inside. How bout the part from the tree in the ground? 040: Underground. interviewer: Yeah. 040: The roots. interviewer: Okay. And what's the- name some different kinds of- kinds of trees {X} 040: Oak. interviewer: Alright. 040: Maple. Elm. {D: Walnut} trees. (D: Sappel} trees. interviewer: Uh what kind- are there any different kinds of maple trees? 040: Yes there's uh Japanese maple I believe and a- I'm not too familiar- interviewer: Are there any um uh uh any sugar maples around here? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Now what would call an- a- a number of maple trees together? Growing together in an area? 040: I don't know. interviewer: Say you saw six or seven of them or maybe more you know growing- 040: Are you wanting the word clumps? interviewer: Something like that Sure that's fine. How bout uh sycamore is that a tree- 040: We have some. interviewer: Some what? 040: Some sycamore trees. interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now na- uh name a couple different kinds of poison um uh things that give you a rash. Some different kinds of bushes or trees that give you a rash. 040: You talking about the ivy? interviewer: Okay. 040: The poison ivy or poison oak? interviewer: Are those different? 040: Yes. interviewer: Okay what's the difference? 040: Uh poison ivy is uh- well they both grow low on the ground. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: But there's a difference in the leaves. interviewer: How bout a kind of bush-like tree gets bright red in the fall and it does uh it uh also you could get a- get a rash if you're not careful. {NS} 040: I don't know. interviewer: Sumac or shumac? 040: No. Not familiar with any. interviewer: Okay. Now how bout some different kinds of berries? 040: You mean the berries that we have around here? We have blackberries raspberries and we have uh- interviewer: The kinda sell that I woulda liked. In boxes. 040: Oh strawberries? interviewer: Now. You're taking some children out you might say you better be careful in picking those berries cuz some of those berries are- 040: Poison. interviewer: Alright. And this is something like a- a- it's a- it's a tree that grows up in the mountains. Another l- 040: A pine tree? or- interviewer: Another leaf tree. 040: I don't know. interviewer: Some- Some kind of- call 'em mountain something mountain- The laurel tree? 040: The laurel- Well yeah the laurel tree. interviewer: Yeah is that more like a bush than a tree? 040: It's more like a bush to me it is a tree but it's a small one. interviewer: What are some other bushes that are kind of similar to the laurel? 040: Talking about the rhododendron? interviewer: Yeah and then another one which you associate with salad all the time. Great big leaves and they're always shedding all this- {X} Shiny- big shiny leaves. Mac- 040: I don't know. interviewer: They have pretty white flowers. 040: Oh magnolia? interviewer: Sure. Um. Uh. Woman {X} see the manager emergency I'ma ask my- 040: Husband. interviewer: And he would I need to ask my- 040: Wife. interviewer: And a woman who's husband dead is a- 040: Widow. interviewer: Yeah now and your- your- the uh male and female uh- Your- your male parent is your- 040: Paternal parent. interviewer: Or your? 040: Your father. interviewer: Yeah What did you call your father when you were a child? 040: Daddy. interviewer: And what did you- And your- your other parent is your- 040: My momma. interviewer: And- the full word. You called her momma but- 040: Mother. interviewer: Yeah. And together you could they were your- 040: My parents. interviewer: Yeah. Um. And how bout uh their parents what did you call them? Did you know? 040: I didn't know them but I would have more than likely called 'em grandma. Grandpa. interviewer: Alright. And um you're talking about uh your um uh son and you- you have a son and a- 040: Daughter. interviewer: And he's a boy and she's a- 040: Girl. interviewer: And together they are your? 040: Children. interviewer: You ever call 'em anything else any other names like {X} 040: Uh a lot of people use the word kids but I don't like it I use children. interviewer: Okay. How bout- you ever use the term uh- uh together to give a child a name that isn't it's real name and you use that? 040: Nickname. interviewer: Nickname. Uh. Something you take a baby out for a walk in? 040: A carriage? interviewer: Alright. And if you do that you say you're going to what the baby? interviewer: Now what might you say is something a little more severe than a spanking? 040: A whipping. interviewer: Okay. And if um uh you might see a little boy you haven't seen for a while you say my how you've- 040: Grown. interviewer: And you say he really what a lot in the last year? 040: He's- He has grown a lot. interviewer: And just without the has you say this year he- 040: He grew a lot. interviewer: Alright. And you could almost see him- 040: Grow. interviewer: Alright and then the name for an illegitimate child {NS} 040: Well I'd just call 'em an illegitimate child. interviewer: Uh-huh. What other terms are there that you're familiar with? 040: Uh. {NS} I don't know what they would refer it to. interviewer: Well that's #1 alright # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: uh certain- 040: Uh. interviewer: There's the word bastard of course but you're gonna hear also a- you know a- a number of kind of jocular 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: {X} things like uh- 040: Yeah. You might hear those around here. interviewer: Alright. 040: #1 Those words are- # interviewer: #2 If they are- # 040: are used with- with profanity. interviewer: Yeah. I see okay that's good. Um. Now if your talking about say that- that uh uh uh one girl is a loving child the other daughter you say she's- she's even't a- 040: #1 You want # interviewer: #2 Say- # 040: the opposite of loving or- interviewer: No no not the oppos- say Jane is a loving child but Mary is an even- 040: Uh. More loving? interviewer: Yeah or see you say loving or- or more loving exactly. And they um- your brother's um uh your brother's son would be your- 040: Nephew. interviewer: Alright and a child whose parents are dead is a- 040: Orphan. interviewer: And a- cuz the court had to appoint somebody to take care of that child that person would be a- 040: Guardian. interviewer: Alright. And all the people related to you are your- 040: Relatives. interviewer: And if your talking about someone who is not um a um uh uh related to you you might say he is- 040: Nor kin. interviewer: Okay. And a person- you see a person from out of town you say that person is a- never seen 'em before you say that person is a- 040: Stranger. interviewer: Alright. Um. How do you use the word foreigner? What is the word foreigner to you? 040: A foreigner usually means from a different country. interviewer: Okay. And they- when an announcer- announcer uh say's that {D: he tends to do something like} ladies and- 040: Gentlemen. interviewer: Now how do you use that word gentlemen in what- what oth- what sense would you use the word in- in normal conversation? 040: When you're talking about a man that's rather polite. Or dignified in some sort you refer to that type of man as a gentleman. interviewer: Alright but you wouldn't say- cuz then you wouldn't- would you say there's a man at the door or there's a gentleman at the door? Uh when you're talking to someone? 040: Most of the time you just say there's uh a man at the door. interviewer: I see. Okay. And the uh- mother Jesus her name was- 040: Mary. interviewer: And her sister's name was 040: Martha. interviewer: And they uh some- the second part of yearning is uh some- sometimes people have that name and then they Paul for short or nickname would be {B} Yeah and- and with a boy um might be called Bill or he might also be called- 040: Billy. interviewer: Yeah. And his full name would be- 040: William. interviewer: And the first book of the New Testament is- 040: Genesis. #1 Oh. # interviewer: #2 New Testament. # 040: Matthew. interviewer: Yeah. And what would you call a- a- a- a female school teacher? Would you have any special- Aux: Wait a minute which one of you two is- interviewer: Female school teacher? You'd say she's a- 040: Well sometimes the people would refer to her as a schoolmarm. interviewer: Yeah that's what I meant. Um and a uh- an unskilled or an 'un- a preacher or minister who wasn't ordained you might say he's a- 040: I guess we'd- I don't know. Aux: Would you ever use the term jackleg? 040: Jackleg? Pretty sure. Jackleg mechanic. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Somebody- interviewer: #1 Anybody who isn't uh # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: What would a jackleg mechanic be? 040: Or we call them a mechanic's shade tree mechanic's one who don't have a- interviewer: Shade tree? That's what- I've never heard that one before. One who doesn't have really- 040: Other than business. Uh. interviewer: #1 Oh. # 040: #2 Or it's- # It's not trained or he just does it on the side. interviewer: I see. 040: He's not actively engaged in that. interviewer: S- Ah I see okay wouldn't just be part time though it would mean it's kind of a- 040: Well yeah it's part time just uh- interviewer: #1 Is it used- # 040: #2 On the side. # interviewer: Is it used uh in a derogatory way? I mean would you call- would you call mr uh {B} a shade tree barber? 040: Yes. I guess so. interviewer: Okay something kind of- I mean it is- what I'm getting at is it a non-complement is it- 040: #1 No no no. # interviewer: #2 A jackleg though is isn't it? # 040: Yes. Uh-huh. interviewer: Yeah that's- that's the different 040: #1 uh-huh. # interviewer: #2 terms # I was getting at. Introducing uh uh- uh If you're- you're trying to find some relationships {X} I have the- the man and a woman here. And- and you say now that's- that's your uncle and that woman she's- 040: Your aunt? interviewer: Yeah. And uh the- the name Sally is a nickname for- 040: Sarah. interviewer: Yeah. And the um the uh Kennedy's first name was- President. 040: John. interviewer: Yeah. And the uh- uh Robert E Lee was a- 040: General? interviewer: Yeah and so you'd call him- 040: General Lee. interviewer: Yeah. And a man right under a general would be a- 040: Colonel. interviewer: Yeah. And saying it with Brown you'd say- 040: Colonel Brown. interviewer: Yeah. And then another- another rank would be um in- in the army {D: lord may appear} when speak of the um- 040: Sergeant? interviewer: Higher than sergeant. 040: Lieutenant? interviewer: And higher than lieutenant. 040: Lieutenant colonel? interviewer: Uh-huh but- Now this man right there? This is a word that isn't only- {NS} -it's a kind of you might talk to someone as the- as the- as the chief of police or he co- could also say he's the what of the police? The- 040: Commander? interviewer: Yeah well it's something like- last thing you have to do is throw that- Or the man who runs the ship is the what? Say he's an old sea- 040: Captain. interviewer: Yeah. Now. Alright now is that used- is that word captain used in any other ways that you can think of? 040: Uh. Someone who's rather uh bossy in a sense might be referred to as the captain. interviewer: Okay. But was it- is it ever used for instance uh um by uh by negros uh to- to whites? 040: #1 No not that I know of. # interviewer: #2 {X} # That's used a lot in the South. You know further South. Deep South. 040: Now my grandfather was referred to as cap. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Cap Star. But that was because of his relationship on the railroad. interviewer: I see. So is it- 040: But the colored men did call him that. interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh but that an- as kind of a- a- a reflection an indication of- 040: Yes. interviewer: of authority of something I see. A man who presides over a court is a- 040: Judge. interviewer: Yeah. And a- and a person going to school is a- 040: Pupil. interviewer: Yep. Now how bout- 040: A student. interviewer: Alright. Now what's the difference between a pupil and a student? 040: Well to me they're the same. interviewer: Uh. Would you call a person a college pupil? 040: Well. I'd- I'd- I'd more say that he's a college student I guess. interviewer: If you could have said elementary school student too. 040: Yes. interviewer: A women who takes dictation is a- 040: Stenographer. interviewer: Alright. And in this town in- in some towns we have select men that- in Alder and so forth but in this town they have- Members of- 040: #1 We have commissioners. # interviewer: #2 {X} # And then around the city- now do all three of those commissioners have equal right and then- 040: #1 Yes. # interviewer: #2 they # And yet they're not quite commissioners of water or something like that- 040: Well they each designate a separate department of the city. interviewer: When they run is that- they run? 040: After they're elected. interviewer: I see. That'd mean the three of them are equal- elected equally. 040: Yes. interviewer: I see. 040: Five. interviewer: Oh five. I see okay just three up for election now is that what- 040: No there's uh one mayor and five commissioners. interviewer: Well I thought there was three okay well that's good I think I got it- got it straight I mis- misheard that. A woman on the stage- a male would be called an actor a women is called a- 040: Actress. interviewer: And if there's someone asks you about your nationality you'd say why I'm- 040: I'm American. interviewer: Sure. And a person is black uh black race is- 040: A negro. interviewer: Now any what kinds of derogatory or jocular terms are common? Not necessarily words that you use yourself but- 040: Well they- sometime referred to as uh round here jiggaboos. interviewer: Sure. 040: And um well colored people. interviewer: Yeah what's the- the most- the most common name- the most common names- 040: Most common used here? Either negro or colored. interviewer: Alright. And the most common uncomplimentary term- 040: Oh I don't know they- interviewer: Not negro but- 040: Nigger. interviewer: Yeah. Now how- what percentage would you guess of the population of uh- of Sweetwater is- is black? 040: Is black? interviewer: Yeah. 040: I'd say less than twenty percent. {NS} interviewer: More than fifteen though you'd say fifteen? 040: I'd say between fifteen and twenty. interviewer: Between fifteen or twenty percent. Well that's quite high isn't it for- for eastern Tennessee or is that about is that typically or say in Athens and other- 040: I'd say we're just most typical. interviewer: I see. 040: Uh in- that book that you have will tell you. interviewer: Yeah well I- 040: But I've- I've- interviewer: That is really terrific I want to thank you again for that- I really um appreciate that that's really got a lot of good information. How bout the- the uh uh term used for- for uh uh for whites or uh {NS} or uh if they're down in their luck or- or just simply don't work any special name for people like that? 040: Are you referring to white trash? interviewer: Okay and that'd be- that'll be fine. How bout a term for someone kind of- a neutral or derogatory or jocular term for someone who lives out in the country and really never gets in- in- isn't really in touch with uh with the people in town. 040: Well we might refer to him as a backwoodsman. interviewer: Okay. Are you familiar with the term hoosier at all? 040: No. interviewer: Mountain hoosier? 040: No. interviewer: Well see mr Henry say it that's an old {X} Term hoosier now you probably think of someone from Indiana right? 040: I would. interviewer: Yeah but now because it- it uh He come up in the South but I wonder if he {X} Anybody's- 040: Oh. interviewer: Uh. It's not- you don't know exactly what time- well say what time uh- uh say right now maybe to be exact about the time you'd say why it's- it's- it's uh what three fifteen it's- 040: It's exactly. interviewer: Well it's not- think about it say there's about- 040: About. interviewer: Okay. You'd say about at more than um would you say almost or pretty near or nearly? Which- 040: Almost I'd #1 say. # interviewer: #2 Alright. # If you were running along and you and there's some ice on the ground and you lost- you slipped you'd say I what fell down I- 040: I almost. interviewer: Alright. If someone's rushing you you say just take it easy just I'll be with you in- just- 040: Just a minute interviewer: #1 Okay # 040: #2 I guess. # interviewer: That's exactly. And someone might come in here and ask the distance to Athens would come in here and say how- 040: Far. interviewer: Alright. How'd you use the expression look here? 040: Uh if you're wanting to get their attention. interviewer: Alright. Now the number of t- uh if you want someone to know the number of times you go to a- a- to Knoxville each year someone might say how- 040: How many times? interviewer: Or how? 040: How often. interviewer: That's exactly right. Uh. I tell you something I'm not going to do that and you say am I- If you're not going to do it- 040: I'm not either. interviewer: That's it. Right. And this is my? 040: {X} interviewer: Alright and this is- 040: Hair. interviewer: And if I didn't shave I might grow a- 040: Beard. interviewer: And this is my- 040: Ear. interviewer: Which one the- the- 040: The left ear. interviewer: {X} And this a- 040: Right ear. interviewer: And this is my- 040: Mouth. interviewer: And this is my- 040: Neck. interviewer: Alright and the part that food goes down is your- Something caught in your- {NS} 040: Well we say adam's apple here #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 Okay. # Alright yeah. Alright so a person has a sore- 040: Well they have a crawl. interviewer: Yeah. 040: I guess- interviewer: Or a sore- perso- child has to stay home from school 040: Sore throat? interviewer: Yeah. Do you know the word glizzle? 040: Yes. interviewer: For- for the same thing as crawdad would you ever use that term is that- 040: Uh. Jokingly I might. interviewer: Use what? 040: {X} interviewer: Okay. Aux: Hello. How's everybody today? 040: Alright how are you? Aux: Sleepy. {X} interviewer: And this is one? 040: Tooth? interviewer: And two? 040: Teeth. interviewer: And above the teeth are? 040: Gums. interviewer: And this is the what of my hand? 040: Palm. interviewer: And thi- I make a- 040: Fist. interviewer: Two? 040: Fists. interviewer: And you might talk about this as the elbow and wrist you might I have pains in the- 040: Joints. interviewer: Okay and this is my- 040: Chest. interviewer: And these are my- 040: Shoulders. interviewer: This is one- 040: Hand. interviewer: Two? 040: Hands. interviewer: And this is my- 040: Leg. interviewer: And at the bottom of the leg is the- 040: Foot. interviewer: You have two- 040: Feet. interviewer: Um and if you kick right here it's- 040: The shin. interviewer: Alright. And a- and a person gets down like they- they sit- sitting in the back part of a leg out in the field for instance checking crouching he's down on- 040: He's stooping? interviewer: Okay. Would you use- ever use the word haunches or honkers? 040: #1 Yeah he's- # interviewer: #2 Honkers? # 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Which one? 040: He's down on his- I never did use it. interviewer: That's good. 040: I bet it's the- they use their haunches. Sit down on their haunches. interviewer: Okay. Uh if a person looks very white and uh uh {NS} kind of sickly you might the person looks awfully 040: Pale. interviewer: Alright you might say pale. Anything else you might use? {NS} Would you ever use something like peaked or puny? Or uh- 040: Well sometimes- interviewer: {X} 040: A lot of times they'll use the word peaked. interviewer: Uh-huh. And if a person can lift a great weight you'd say he's really- 040: Strong. interviewer: And what um- What does the word stout mean? 040: Well stout can mean the same as strong but more I think of a stout person as one that's heavy built. interviewer: Okay. And a person very easy to get along with you say he's a very what kind of person very- 040: I'd say he was congenial. interviewer: Okay. Um and if a- teenager's always falling over everything you'd say he's awfully- 040: Clumsy. interviewer: Alright. And something might be said about a person who just seems to do everything wrong you might saw oh that- Do you want to put in after that you'd say oh that {NS} 040: Well I don't know I- interviewer: Just well it could- I mean it could be anything like doughhead, dunkerhead, fool or uh fool head {D: whatever have you} 040: Well we call {NW} sometimes we refer to them a- in our household as knucklehead. interviewer: Okay {NW} Alright. A person who is uh- who doesn't uh uh uh is pretty hard to separate from his money you'd say he's a- 040: He's stingy. interviewer: Alright. And- and one who uh- what about- how about someone who gets the most out of other people? Don't you have a- {NS} 040: Um I'm trying to think of the word that we call 'em um. He's cheap or uh interviewer: #1 Did you ever use the word tight? # 040: #2 I don't know. # Well that- that refers to the same thing as stingy interviewer: Okay. 040: most of the time. interviewer: Alright. 040: Top bark on the tree. interviewer: Okay. Now what about- how bout the word common is common ever used in a complementary sense? Talking about- talking about people being common? What would that mean to you? 040: Uh well a common person would be not uncomplimentary nor complimentary it means he's just uh an ordinary- interviewer: Ordinary. Like you- do you ever use the sense common to mean an uncomplimentary sense? 040: No I wouldn't. interviewer: Okay. Um and if a- if someone like mr {B} and uh really uh gets around a lot you'd say he's really- for his age He's really- 040: Uh- I'd say active. interviewer: Okay. And if something makes you a little nervous you'd say I feel a little what about that. 040: Jittery. interviewer: Alright a little- 040: {D: Juberous.} interviewer: Um {X} Let's see uncomfortable another word might be- Uneasy? Yeah. And a little child wants a light in the night because he's what of the dark? 040: He's afraid. interviewer: Alright. And you say- he might say oh well why you- you didn't- um be afraid of the dark. 040: You need not. interviewer: Yeah well its- you're- you're telling him that uh uh- See I didn't know you were afraid of the dark I knew- I knew you what to be afraid of the dark? 040: You shouldn't? interviewer: #1 No use- # 040: #2 Or you- # Used to be not- interviewer: Yeah. You used to be afraid of the dark and then- and then that's right and the other would be- Not so you'd say 040: Uh. You didn't used to be afraid. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Something like that. # interviewer: And if a person doesn't- doesn't watch out what he's doing you say he's an awful what kind of a- let's say a driver he's a- 040: Terrorist. interviewer: Alright. And if something's very strange you might that's awfully- 040: Odd. interviewer: Alright another word similar to that. Starts with a Q 040: Queer? interviewer: Yeah. Now does that have any special connotation? 040: Well odd- it would mean odd or uh Just not right. interviewer: Okay. Um. If someone doesn't- is- is difficult to get along with um refuses to change his mind you might say to that person don't be so- 040: Stubborn. interviewer: Okay. And a person is easily offended you might say he's awfully- Say the least little thing and he gets very angry let's say. {NS} He's awfully- 040: Touchy or- interviewer: Great. That's- that's great. And a person who is touchy he gets awfully what? He's- 040: He gets mad. interviewer: So you might say to him just keep- 040: Calm. interviewer: Say the whole thing. 040: Just keep calm. interviewer: Alright. 040: Now ya- now that- The older people would say cam. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: My father might say cam. interviewer: Cam? Well that's good right? 040: To cam. interviewer: A- a person who um you say oh hey say I worked all day I'm really- 040: Tired. interviewer: And if you're just- if you just scarcely move you say I'm 040: Pooped. interviewer: Okay. Uh. You say I'm all- 040: Well I don't wanna- you might say I'm all done in. interviewer: Alright that's one. Okay that's fine I was thinking about something with wear- To wear. You know- 040: Worn out? interviewer: Yeah. And someone else might say well he's worked all day and he's had supper and now look at him he's- 040: Ready to go. interviewer: Okay. Um would you ever use raring in that sense? 040: Raring to go yes. interviewer: Alright. And do you ever refer- talking about a very good time you had uh or someone had they speak of a very good time they have at a party they said they had what kind of a good time? 040: Uh. A heck of a time? interviewer: Okay you ever use the expression torn down in that sense? A torn down good time is that at all familiar to you? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. {X} Um. And a- and a- a little girl uh daughter- daughter had to come home from school because she what at school? She- 040: She got sick? interviewer: Alright. And uh say she's sick now but she'll be well again- 040: Soon. interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use by and by in that sense would you use that? 040: Not very often. interviewer: Alright. And a boy is {NW} going like this you say he has a- 040: Cough. interviewer: And he went out and didn't have enough clothes he um what cold? He- 040: He caught. interviewer: Alright and he's talking like this you'd say he's- 040: Hoarse. interviewer: Alright. And a- a person sitting in a chair and his eyes keep opening and closing you'd say he's very- 040: Sleepy. interviewer: Alright. And to wake so- you want someone's life back and you shake him and you say- 040: Wake up. interviewer: Alright and- and so say that the person- 040: Wakes up? interviewer: Alright. A child's sick and you- you go over there and give him some medicine then you might say haven't you what your medicine yet? 040: Taken. interviewer: And he says yes I yesterday I- 040: I took. interviewer: And I will- tomorrow I will- 040: Will take. interviewer: Alright and a person can't hear he's- 040: Deaf. interviewer: Yeah and a person works out in uh in the hot sun all day and he begins to- 040: Sunburn. interviewer: Yeah but he- 040: Blister. interviewer: Water pours- 040: Oh sweat. interviewer: Alright. And a- a discharging sore a large discharging sore would be called a- 040: Well we'd use I say I guess a running sore. interviewer: Alright. Uh you ever use the term either the term boil or rising or raising? 040: Uh boils are- interviewer: Alright and what do you call that uh substance inside a boil? 040: Pus. interviewer: Alright. And my hand I- my hand's infected and it's all- 040: Swollen. interviewer: Um. Uh. As soon as I- see as soon as I got the infection my hand- 040: Swelled? interviewer: Yesterday it really- 040: Was swollen? interviewer: Well think the was not you say yesterday it really- 040: Swelled? interviewer: Okay. And um what is buck fever do you use that word at all? 040: No interviewer: #1 Buck fever? # 040: #2 I haven't. # interviewer: Uh uh what do you call the- the substance in a blister you said it was pus in a um uh pus in a uh in a boil. What about in- just in a blister? 040: I'd call it water. interviewer: Okay. And A person is uh um uh suffers a gunshot- 040: Wound. interviewer: A if it- and if a wound doesn't heal right and they have to cut some of that skin away do you know what they call that? {NS} 040: Lancing is that what you want? interviewer: Well I was thinking do you know the word proud flesh? 040: I've heard it yes. interviewer: You've never used it though? 040: I- I don't. But I have heard the older people talk about it. interviewer: About what? 040: Proud sore. interviewer: Okay. 040: #1 {NW} proud flesh. # interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh something they u- they don't use it as much any more it's kind of a- uh something you put on a burn used to burn a lot something they put on cuts. 040: Alcohol? interviewer: Yeah something that- this was kind of a bluish purplish- 040: Uh. interviewer: Brownish? I'm not sure the exact color. 040: Iodine? interviewer: Yeah. And something you take for malaria? {NW} 040: Fever? interviewer: Yeah something you take for it though. 040: Oh uh Quinine? Quinine? interviewer: Right. And a- a um A person uh uh say uh he was- he was alive uh uh yesterday but he what this morning? 040: He died? interviewer: Yeah. Aux: {X} interviewer: Um and say them uh any- any uh um Veil terms for this instead of died something you might see in the paper? Well if I was to use the word uh 040: Tired? Or #1 expired? # interviewer: #2 Okay # expired you use that uh {X} {NS} 040: Yes. interviewer: {X} 040: Uh huh yes or it's tired. {NS} interviewer: Um. Anything else that you'd say the person- Might say makes fire here but what would um- So you might say to the uh- Oh something you might say to the 040: #1 passed away? # interviewer: #2 {NS} # Yeah that'd be nice. {NS} Alright. And um say um I don't know what someone is- is they- they don't know the cause of death say I don't know what he died- 040: Of. interviewer: Alright. And a place where a person is buried is a? 040: Cemetery. interviewer: Alright. And a- and the uh- uh box the body's placed in is called a- 040: Casket. interviewer: And the ceremony after death is called a- 040: Funeral. interviewer: And you might say the family is in- 040: Bereavement. interviewer: Yeah another word though. {NS} Sounds something like the early part of the day. 040: Mourning? interviewer: Yeah. Um and would- did that sound the same to you as the part of the day or the same kind of like- 040: It sound's like it's- interviewer: Exactly the same 040: Mourning. Morning. This morning. I think it sounds pretty much like it. interviewer: Okay. And someone says how are you feeling? you don't feel bad you say I feel- 040: Fine. interviewer: Okay. And someone's uh troubled about something you might tell them don't- 040: Don't worry. interviewer: Alright. And a person- an older person- doesn't have to be older person- any person might have weather changes and gets pains in the joints say the person has- 040: Arthritis. interviewer: Uh-huh. Um. {NS} Uh. If a- this is a disease you don't hear much of it any more but a long time ago twenty thirty years ago lot of children died from this and- and effects of this. 040: Pneumonia? interviewer: No it starts with a D. 040: Diphtheria? interviewer: Yeah. And a disease that causes the yellow the uh- uh maybe of the skin a circling of the whites of the eyes. Sometimes called yellow- 040: Jaundice. interviewer: Okay. And you get a pain down the side you might have an operation or {D: you might have an attack of} 040: Appendicitis. interviewer: Right. Person can't keep food down might have to- 040: Vomit. interviewer: Alright. Now are there any crude terms for this? 040: Throw up. Or um interviewer: Alright. And throw up is a- is crude- is- is crude. 040: Crude for vomit. interviewer: For vomit. Um and wh- a person- when a person is that way you might say he is sick- {NS} 040: Sick to his stomach. interviewer: Right. And um catch some news and say he came over what me the news? He came over- 040: To tell me? interviewer: Yeah. And someone says would you- wanna borrow this you'd say well I'd like to borrow but I'd really like to- 040: Have it. interviewer: Yeah okay. Or keep. 040: #1 To keep it. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Okay. and then you'll take it- If um some- you expect something to happen it doesn't it- you- you're afraid it might not happen you say if that doesn't happen I what be disappointed I- 040: Will be? interviewer: Uh-huh. And if someone comes over you say we- like to see you again in the future we- 040: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 Well # you're talking about the future you'd say um I'm glad you came uh to visit us and we glad to see you again. 040: Would like to? interviewer: Alright. Yeah but. Not say would but will- um 040: We will see you again? interviewer: Yeah. Um. Would you say I- will you- will be glad to see you again or we shall be glad to see you again? which sounds more- 040: I'd say we will. interviewer: Okay. And if a child's bad you say now if you don't behave yourself I'll spank you you might say I'm going to what and spank you? {NS} Would you ever put anything in- in between? Take and spank you or- 040: A lot of them will. interviewer: Did you- 040: My husband did that. interviewer: You would just say- 040: I wouldn't- interviewer: He would just say what? uh 040: Uh I'm a take and do so and so. interviewer: Okay you'd simply say I'm going to- 040: I'm going to do it. interviewer: I'm going to spank you. Um a young man is going out the door say he is doing what he is- for the America he is- 040: Leaving? interviewer: No. If uh um they're dating you see and there are other words for that for dating you could use that that'd be okay too. 040: They're going together? interviewer: Okay. And uh he is her- 040: Her fiance is that- interviewer: Well before that he just- 040: Just a boyfriend. interviewer: Alright And any- any jocular terms for that? For this term? {NS} 040: Her fellow. interviewer: Alright and she is his- 040: Girl. interviewer: Alright and they're in a uh on a date they uh uh when any t- uh terms for kissing any- any uh um- 040: Well we use the word smooching here. interviewer: Smooching slang for yeah okay. And if um um. He had to propose to her and then she decides she doesn't want to marry him you might say she did what she- 040: Reneged? interviewer: #1 Okay # 040: #2 Or uh # backed out. interviewer: Alright. And but she didn't they- they went ahead and got- 040: Married? interviewer: And the man at the wedding who stands up with the groom is the- 040: Best man. interviewer: And the- with the bride is the- 040: Maid of honor or maiden. interviewer: Yeah or bride's- 040: Maid. interviewer: Bride's maid. Uh. Do you- what about- do you ever- ever have a- a kind of noisy serenade after a wedding? Uh kind of a- um 040: Um. interviewer: Or just the celebration after the ce- after a uh wedding's been {X} {NS} 040: The reception is that interviewer: #1 Yeah- # 040: #2 what you're- # interviewer: Well the- the old- old term I don't know if it has any {D: presence} around here is the word chivalry. 040: #1 No we don't use that- its {D: now} # interviewer: #2 Chivalry- alright. # Um. 040: We were playing bingo the other night nobody knew what it was. interviewer: Is that right? 040: So. interviewer: If uh- uh you're talking about someone uh if you're talking about yourself- being in Knoxville you might say I was- 040: Was in Knoxville. interviewer: But if you're going to talk about it in terms of direction you might say I was- Think. Uh just yesterday I was- 040: Going? Or went? interviewer: Alright I went what to Knoxville you might say I went to Knoxville or you might say I went- {NW} 040: I went up to Knoxville. interviewer: #1 Yeah # 040: #2 Is that- # interviewer: I- I went up to Knoxville would you ever say I was up to Knoxville yesterday or I was up in Knoxville yesterday? 040: I was up in Knoxville yesterday- interviewer: Or how bout uh uh How bout down wh- does up mean north or does it mean that {X} 040: It means north. interviewer: And how bout if you say Chattanooga you'd say- 040: You'd go down. interviewer: Alright. And talk about someone living nearby um say {B} house say well he lives- 040: Over there. interviewer: Uh-huh. And talking about all the people at a dance you might say there was a- uh- uh this is a- a kind of depreciative term. You might say the whole what was there the whole- 040: The whole gang? interviewer: Alright. And the m- music plays you get out on the floor and- 040: And dance? interviewer: Alright. Would you have any special name for a kind of big formal dance uh kind of a- 040: A ball. interviewer: Alright. And at four o'clock in the afternoon or three o'clock or three fifteen school 040: Is out? interviewer: Alright. And uh in the Fall they might ask- someone might call up and ask when does school- 040: Start or begin. interviewer: Okay. And a boy doesn't attend one class you might say- you might say he did what class he- 040: Um played hooky. interviewer: Alright. Now that'll be for one- just one class or is that for the whole day? 040: Well it's more referred to for one day. interviewer: Alright. 040: He'd skip class. interviewer: Alright. And when he does that {X} He's- he's uh depriving himself of a good- 040: Grade. interviewer: And? 040: Or mark. interviewer: Yeah but in all {X} The board of- 040: Education. interviewer: Yeah. And a person goes on from high school might go on to- 040: College. interviewer: And when a person gets out of kindergarten he might go into- 040: Grade school. interviewer: Yeah what's the- the- 040: Elementary? interviewer: And what do you call that uh first year? 040: Grammar? interviewer: #1 Third year is grammar school. # 040: #2 No first- # First grade. interviewer: Okay. And this is a what? {NW} 040: A desk. interviewer: And two of them would be two- 040: Desks. interviewer: Alright. And the place where you get books is a- 040: Bookstore. interviewer: Yeah well you got any partic- 040: Library. interviewer: Alright and a place where you mail a letter? 040: The post office. interviewer: A place you might stay overnight in a strange town? 040: Be a motel? Or a hotel. interviewer: Uh or a what? 040: A hotel. interviewer: Right. And a place you might see a- a- a movie. 040: Theater. interviewer: Alright and a place you might go for an operation. 040: Hospital. interviewer: And in the hospital there are doctor- there's a doctor and a- 040: Nurse. interviewer: And a place you would get on a train is a- 040: Depot. interviewer: And in a town- I don't know if you have one of these in uh- in Sweetwater but its kind of a- Sometimes they have a- where they have a- a uh- some um uh uh a lawn in the middle of the the town you know? 040: Little park? interviewer: Yeah. Okay you don't have any kind of a- of a- of a village greenery do you? 040: No. interviewer: Um how bout when you're walking across an intersection not straight across but you walk over- 040: Jay walk. interviewer: Okay. Yeah that would be- that'd be the- the legal term but I wanted exactly- you ever term such as uh- If you're talking about the direction- something not being- 040: Catty cornered. interviewer: That's it that's it. And they- they don't have these anymore but they used to have- now they have these little buses in cities where one time they had a lot of- 040: Uh streetcars? interviewer: Sure. And if you're on a streetcar or a bus you might tell the driver I want at the next corner I want- 040: Off. interviewer: Alright. And in relation to um um uh to this um this county Madisonville is the- 040: County seat. interviewer: Alright. And that is the- and that is the- the- the seat of the county- 040: Offices #1 or- # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Or- or what's the- he- he works- you might say he works for the post office 040: #1 Courthouse. # interviewer: #2 he works for the # federal- 040: Government? interviewer: Yeah. And the police department is- is uh kept to maintain- 040: Law and order. interviewer: Right. And in eighteen- that war in eighteen s- Between eighteen sixty-one and eighteen sixty-five was the- Well the war you know the Union and Confederacy. 040: Oh the Civil War. interviewer: Alright. Yeah I don't wanna snake you up here on 040: {NW} interviewer: exact days. Um they uh uh th- when a person is executed by- uh with a rope you know you'd say the murderer was- 040: Was hung. interviewer: Alright. And uh if a person um uh He- and- so you might say well a person who committed suicide you might say he what himself? He 040: Killed himself? interviewer: Yeah but with a rope- with this word hang. You'd say he- Would you say he hung himself or he- 040: Well we- we would say he hung himself. interviewer: #1 Alright. # 040: #2 That would # be hanged. interviewer: Okay. 040: {X} interviewer: New York City's- we'll get some geography. New- New York- New York City is where? This is strictly for pronunciation base by the way it's not a- 040: In New York is that what you- interviewer: Yeah you'd call it New York- 040: New York. interviewer: Yeah. 040: State. interviewer: Alright and Baltimore is in- 040: Maryland. interviewer: And Richmond? 040: Virginia. interviewer: And uh Asheville? 040: North Carolina. interviewer: And Greensville? 040: South Carolina. interviewer: And Atlanta? 040: Georgia. interviewer: Tampa? 040: Florida. interviewer: Uh Birmingham? 040: Alabama. interviewer: New Orleans. 040: Louisiana. interviewer: Uh Louisville? 040: Kentucky. interviewer: Right now you're in- 040: Tennessee. interviewer: And St. Louis? 040: Missouri. interviewer: Little Rock? 040: Arkansas. interviewer: Um Jackson? 040: Mississippi. interviewer: And- and Dallas? 040: Texas. interviewer: And Stillwater? Or- or I can't- I just- I was trying to think of one that- Tulsa. 040: Oklahoma. interviewer: Okay. Uh and the big- biggest city in Maryland is? 040: Baltimore? interviewer: Right and the- and the seat of the federal government is 040: Washington. interviewer: #1 {X} # 040: #2 D.C. # Washington DC. interviewer: Alright and the big city in Missouri is- 040: St. Louis? interviewer: And the- the port in South Carolina. An old city- 040: Charleston? interviewer: Yeah. And the steel They- they worked in uh iron works and so forth in uh in Alabama? {X}. 040: Uh Birmingham. interviewer: Right and the big city in Illinois? 040: Chicago. interviewer: And the city in the- just the capital of Alabama is- It was once the capital of the Confederacy it's a- it's a- the state capital. 040: Um Anniston? interviewer: #1 No it's- # 040: #2 No. # interviewer: No it's south of there. Dinah Shore's husband- ex-husband had that- that 040: #1 No. # interviewer: #2 was his last name. # And also the girl in Bewitched her name was- What's her last name? 040: I don't know. interviewer: #1 Alright. # 040: #2 {NW} # interviewer: Mont- 040: Montgomery? interviewer: Yeah. And the- and the- the port in Alabama the old city down there {X} Got it all to Mexico. {NS} 040: I don't know. interviewer: Well there's a- there's a mobile oil company that the city's called- 040: Mobile Alabama? interviewer: Yeah. And the city in North Carolina in the mountains? 040: Asheville? interviewer: Yeah and the city in- in uh University of Tennessee's up at- 040: Knoxville. interviewer: And the city way over on the Mississippi River in Tennessee is- 040: Memphis? interviewer: Yeah and right. The capital of- of Tennessee. 040: Is Nashville. interviewer: And the big city in- the biggest city in uh Georgia? 040: Atlanta? interviewer: And the- this city's something like Charleston but on the- on the coast there. 040: Charlotte? interviewer: In- in uh Georgia. {NS} Old city. 040: Savannah? interviewer: Yeah. And the- the city in Georgia where Fort Benning is {X} 040: Uh {X} {NS} interviewer: Starts with a C. {NS} 040: I don't know- interviewer: The city in Ohio has the same name. Co- Starts with COL. 040: It's not Calhoun is it? interviewer: No that's- no that's not- uh COL uh UM. 040: Columbus? interviewer: Yeah yeah. What was that say it again? That's right. 040: Columbus. interviewer: Yeah and then there's another city in- in- in Georgia that starts with an M. Forever this darn city. 040: Macon. interviewer: Yeah. And the biggest city in- in Louisiana? 040: New Orleans? interviewer: Alright and then the- the- the cappest- the capital of uh Louisiana is? {X} 040: Uh. interviewer: Baton- 040: Baton Rouge? interviewer: Yeah. And the city in- in Ohio down on the river. The baseball team {X} 040: Well- interviewer: Not Cleveland but Cin- 040: Cincinnati. interviewer: Sure. And the- and the uh big city in Kentucky big city in Kentucky is- 040: Louisville? interviewer: Right. And if you're talking about the distance from here to here from- from one place to another you might might talk a little about- or say- might ask you how far is it from here to Athens you could say oh its 040: Fifteen miles? interviewer: Um say that word? 040: Fifteen miles. interviewer: Alright. And if you're not sure you want to do something you might say I don't know I want to do that or not. I don't know whether I want to or #1 Alright. # 040: #2 not. # interviewer: And someone had been sick for a long long time time you'd say why it seemed like- 040: Forever? interviewer: Yeah. Or it seems like- someone who's sick and say it seems like- It's- well how do I get it- Would you say it seems like you'll never pull through or it seems as if you'll never pull through? 040: We'd probably say seems like he'll heal. interviewer: And if you refuse to go someplace by- unless the other person goes also you might say I won't go what? 040: Unless. interviewer: Unless he goes too. And say he had a chan- a choice of doing two things but he did that- 040: Rather than this. interviewer: Alright. Helping me. Say he- You could have done this but you did that. 040: Instead of? interviewer: Sure. Um. You say- I say why do you like him you say he's so funny is the answer, I like him 040: Because. interviewer: Alright. Um and if you refuse to go by yourself say I uh uh I won't uh uh uh- 040: Will by myself? interviewer: Alright. 040: {X} interviewer: And the um um uh what's the largest denomination of church in the South? {NS} 040: Southern Baptist. interviewer: Okay. And a person comes into town and comes uh- says- says- decides he- One Sunday he and his family went down and did what they- 040: Joined. interviewer: The what? 040: The Baptist. interviewer: #1 {X} # 040: #2 Church or # interviewer: Alright. And the name of the supreme being is- 040: God. interviewer: Yeah. And in an oath a person might say my 040: God. interviewer: Yeah and the minister preached a- 040: Sermon. interviewer: And the organ played- 040: Music. interviewer: Alright. And then there's a song oh what a what kind of morning? Oh what a- 040: Wonderful? interviewer: Alright what's another word like wonderful this is sort of a- this isn't a church song being used uh Just the- the song from Oklahoma oh what a- 040: Beautiful? interviewer: Yeah. And uh what'd you um. What is a- a ballad? A ballad. 040: {NS} B-A-L-L-E-T? interviewer: No B-A-L-L-A-D. 040: #1 Oh # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 040: #1 Uh it's a song. # interviewer: #2 {NS} # #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Or- # interviewer: You ever use that for a hymn? 040: No. Not now we don't. interviewer: And- you haven't answered the phone? 040: No that's the fire- interviewer: If- if the um um car broke down on your way to church you'd say church will be over if this thing fixed. 040: Church will be over before I get there? interviewer: Yeah okay or by the time or before. Um And the name for the- the uh {D: prophinder} of Hell is- 040: The beggar? interviewer: Alright. And a pers- and something- Wrecked old house in town which people are- are afraid- the kids are afraid to go in they say what's supposed to be in that house? 040: Uh. Spooks or- interviewer: Okay. Or what? 040: Or haunted house? interviewer: Alright. And you'd say I'll go if you insist {NS} but I'd really what not I'd really- 040: Rather not. interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um if um Jack- you don't wear a sweater today because it's what cold it's- 040: It's cool? interviewer: Alright if you just say it's kinda cold or forever cold or- 040: It's kinda cold. interviewer: Alright. And if um a person uh uh uh you're very happy to see a person and you haven't seen 'em for long and you say well I'm- 040: Glad. interviewer: Alright. But uh wh- wh- wh- especially glad say I'm- {NS} 040: I'm so glad? interviewer: Okay. And a person owns- here- here we talk about this word from last night but- The person owning- Talk about land he- doesn't own just a few acres say he owns a what of land? 040: A farm? interviewer: Alright it's a very large farm so you might say he owns a- {NS} 040: A ranch? interviewer: #1 Yeah # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: No what I'm talking about- you might say if it has a field and a lot of land it would {D: be a ranch}. 040: Oh yeah a lot of land but- interviewer: Did you ever use the term right smart there? 040: No right smart doesn't mean that much. {NW} interviewer: Okay. Right smart isn't- it's just uh- Okay now that's interesting what is- what- 040: Right smart is less than a lot to me. interviewer: Okay good now that's interesting you mean it's- it's- it's a- it's a considerable amount but it isn't a- {NS} really a whole lot. 040: {D: No sir.) interviewer: {X} {NS} Can I said- you- you uh uh if something uh isn't greatly different from something else you'd say it's not the same it's really a- different It's a- 040: It's greatly different interviewer: No this 040: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 say it's just a- # 040: Similar. interviewer: Yeah it's just a few little- 040: It's slight. Slight difference. interviewer: Okay. And someone says uh will you be able to do this and you say yes I- 040: I sure will. interviewer: Alright. And um um if something isn't you'd say um talking about recipe you'd say don't put on much {X} 040: Uh. A little bit or uh- If you're talking about a salt you use a pinch of salt. interviewer: Okay. Now if you're talking about someone dreading a place you know you'd say he what- you got to put a word in between. 040: He really dreads it. interviewer: Okay. And if you're talking about it's to be cold weather you'd say it's- today it's cold it's- 040: It's terribly cold. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Or awfully cold. interviewer: Alright. Um would you ever use real or really there? 040: It's really cold- interviewer: And how bout good if something- say that's- 040: That's real good. interviewer: Okay. And do you ever use the expression real to meaning something like oh talk about hunting dogs you know and someone might say look at that those are real dog- 040: Real dogs uh-huh. interviewer: Okay. Um. And then uh uh under what- would you ever use the expression uh the idea? Why the idea? 040: Yes. The very idea of that. interviewer: Okay. And how would you um- {D: Did you- with your son-} With a close friend how much you- you uh you you say hello to a close- you might hello or hi or uh what else might you say? 040: #1 Uh. # interviewer: #2 How- # Starting out with something that starts out with how- 040: Oh howdy? interviewer: Yeah or how are- 040: How are ya? interviewer: Alright. And how bout with strangers when someone introduces you to someone you might shake hands and then say how- 040: How do you do? interviewer: Right. And if someone is uh you- you want someone to- to return you might say come- 040: Come back. interviewer: Or come- alright or- 040: Come again. interviewer: Yeah well I wanted both of those and on December twenty-five the usual greeting is? 040: Merry Christmas. interviewer: And then January first? 040: Happy new year. interviewer: Do you know the term Christmas gift? In relation to Christmas as a greeting? {NS} 040: Uh yes a lot of times when we go visit somebody around Christmas and it's uh an unex- interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 040: #2 -pected gift # interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 040: #2 Uh. # visit we'll say Christmas gift. interviewer: Okay. And if someone does you a favor you might say that they are on much- 040: Obliged. interviewer: Alright. And I say we have time to do it but you're not certain but you say well I- 040: I think so. interviewer: Alright. And you um you're gonna buy- you go buy food you go down to- to what down to the- 040: To the store. interviewer: What kind of store? To buy food? 040: Uh. interviewer: Not necessarily- 040: A grocery store. interviewer: Sure. And you say uh tomorrow I'm not going to go to work I'm going to go downtown I have to do some- 040: Shopping. interviewer: And you buy something at the store- you bought something at the store and the- and the- the clerk uh- 040: Wraps it. interviewer: Okay. Yesterday he- 040: He wrapped it. interviewer: And you took it home there and you- 040: Unwrapped it. interviewer: And you bought something- you got a real bargain on it because he had to sell it at a- 040: At a loss? interviewer: Sure. And say I was worried about him {NS} after what he went through? 040: The cost. interviewer: Alright. Uh. {NS} Um. If um on the first of the month the bill is- 040: It's due? interviewer: Yeah and you belong to a club you have to pay your- 040: Dues. interviewer: And if you don't have enough you might have to go to the bank and- 040: Borrow. interviewer: And- uh in the thirties uh now {X} now money is awfully- 040: Scarce? interviewer: Yeah. And uh a little boy gets up on a toy in the water he gets and he- 040: Dives. interviewer: Yeah yesterday he- 040: Dove. interviewer: And then he dives he has- 040: Dived. interviewer: And if he lands flat on his stomach on the water- 040: That's a belly-buster. interviewer: Okay. And uh he jumped in the water and then he all the way across. 040: He swam. interviewer: Okay yesterday he went- he had this- 040: He had swum? interviewer: Yeah. 040: Is that r- I don't know- interviewer: He likes to- 040: Swim. interviewer: Okay. Any other name for a- a bonus or a gift when a purchase is made or a bill is paid something that you- they might give you at the- at the uh- uh they might throw in something extra. {NS} I'da guessed bo- 040: Bonus I guess we- what we would call it. interviewer: And someone went down for the third time you say he was- 040: Drowning? interviewer: Alright. Uh. Yesterday he- 040: He drowned? interviewer: And several children have- 040: Drowned. interviewer: Alright and a baby on all fours is 040: Is crawling. interviewer: Alright. And uh a little boy up a tree he- 040: He climbs. interviewer: Yesterday he- 040: Climbed. interviewer: And many times he has- 040: He has climbed but now a lot of people- interviewer: Now we talked about- the last list we talked about uh {NS} flying and then uh I said that in- she what down in- she what down and prayed? She- 040: She kneeled. interviewer: Alright and I'm going to what down for a while I'm tired. 040: Lay down. interviewer: And uh he what in bed all day he- 040: He stayed in bed and laid in bed. interviewer: Alright and I- Last night I had a bad- 040: Dream. interviewer: And I- it seemed like I what all night I- 040: I dreamed. {NS} interviewer: And I have- 040: I have dreamed or dreamt. interviewer: Okay. Now what were we {X} 040: {X} interviewer: {X} 040: Stomp. interviewer: And after a dance one might say I- may I- 040: Take. interviewer: The whole thing {X} 040: Take you home. interviewer: Alright and you this on a rope? 040: You pull. interviewer: And you- 040: Push. interviewer: And a heavy bag you? 040: Tote. interviewer: And say um uh tell a child don't- 040: Touch. interviewer: Um. And please- {NS} a knife in the other room please- 040: Get. interviewer: Alright. Um. And the- the line in the game that you run across is the- 040: The goal line. interviewer: And the- and the game of- uh I- 040: The base. interviewer: Okay. And you say I don't know much about fish I have never- 040: Caught. interviewer: Um. Maybe tomorrow I will- 040: Catch. interviewer: Alright. Um. My neighbor yesterday- 040: Caught. {NS} interviewer: Take your time I'll wait 040: For you? interviewer: Uh. And a child's been bad it might plead with you he's afraid he might get a spank it might say please please what me another what? 040: Give me another chance? interviewer: Yeah. And a person who's in a- in a- in- in pleasant spirits you might say that person in a good- {NS} Another word- 040: Good friend of mine. interviewer: Yeah {X} or good-natured but how bout another word you might use? {NS} Well another word for s- for common. 040: #1 Uh. # interviewer: #2 Hu- # 040: Humorous? interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 040: #2 Or- # interviewer: Sure. And say I- I had to get some- we had to get some um- some uh- 040: Well I thought we say he's a monkey. interviewer: Okay for someone who's- 040: Cutting up a lot. interviewer: Okay. Um. If you're- you want to um uh say we have to get some- some uh rat poisoning or- or uh if someone really wanted to what those rats- they wanted to get- 040: Get rid of them. interviewer: Alright. Say he doesn't know everything but he what he knew it all he- 040: He thought he did. interviewer: Alright. And a child in school might say- if his pencil is missing he might say who what my pencil? Who- 040: Who stole my pencil. interviewer: Alright. And say um- uh- it's been a long time but I seeing him here before I- 040: I remember. interviewer: Uh-huh and if you don't you say I don't- 040: I don't remember. interviewer: And say did you what that letter did you- 040: Did you write it? interviewer: And you'd say yes I- 040: Wrote it. interviewer: I have- 040: Written. interviewer: Alright and now I expect a- a- the person I've written to now I expect a- 040: Reply? interviewer: Or a- 040: #1 Answer. # interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. And you um um uh {NS} What do you put- you put the name and what on your letter? 040: Address. interviewer: Alright. And you might ask someone what is his- 040: Address. interviewer: Okay. Um. A chi- a child- your children comes home with- doing something strange you might say who one earth- 040: Taught you that. interviewer: Yeah. Um. And if you haven't done something yet but you- you uh have it in- in your mind so we haven't done that yet but we- but we what to do it soon? We- 040: Intend? interviewer: Alright. Uh say I'm not sure um uh uh you don't really care one way or the another if a person does something you might say I don't care if you can- You can do that if- 040: If you want to? interviewer: Sure. And a children's nicknames for one who bears tails. 040: Paddletail. interviewer: Alright. You might plot a garden with what something and put them in a vase you might go out and- 040: Pick. interviewer: Pick some- 040: Flowers. interviewer: Alright. And- and something that a child might play with on the floor. 040: Toy. interviewer: Alright. And if something- you've been warning a child not to do something and the child goes ahead and does it anyway you say {X} and he falls down and hurts himself you say I just- 040: I told you so. interviewer: Uh-huh was gonna happen I- what was going to happen? 040: I knew. interviewer: Yeah. Um. Uh. If um um {NS} if someone has something and then person does what to you- 040: Gives it. interviewer: Alright yesterday he- 040: Gave. interviewer: And he has- 040: Given. interviewer: And uh at- you might ask someone what time does the race- 040: Start. interviewer: #1 Or- # 040: #2 Or begin. # interviewer: Alright. Take it again Yesterday it- 040: Began. interviewer: And it has always- 040: Begun. interviewer: And w- and a race- on a foot race you say we'll what race? 040: We ran. interviewer: Alright. {NS} Tomorrow they will- 040: Run. interviewer: And they have- 040: Run. interviewer: Um and um say that uh that old friend of mine uh over to see me yesterday. She- {NS} to see me. 040: She came? interviewer: Yeah. And she has- 040: Come. interviewer: And she will- 040: Come. interviewer: Alright. {NS} Yeah about almost ev- ev- once a week she- 040: Comes. interviewer: Okay. And I- Did you 040: See. interviewer: You say yes I- 040: Saw. interviewer: I have- 040: Seen. interviewer: Alright. Uh and the- we have to take a detour because the road was all- {NS} 040: Torn up? interviewer: Yeah. And so- uh Someone's gives you a present at a bracelet and um uh you say thank you a person might say I'm going to- 040: Wear it? interviewer: Say put- 040: Put it on? interviewer: Yeah. Um. Say uh talking about someone doing something you'd say well he has that before he has- 040: Done. interviewer: He that all the time. 040: He does. interviewer: And he- yesterday he- 040: Did. interviewer: And I say what's new and you'd say- 040: Nothing. interviewer: And I'd say oh there must be- 040: Something. interviewer: You say I think I'll take a walk today if it what a nice day it's- 040: Mighty nice day? interviewer: Yeah okay that's- that's good for another one but but it's um uh a bad boy say he's what a bad boy- 040: He's a- He's a real bad boy. interviewer: No a s- Would you ever use 040: Such? interviewer: Yeah. Um. And the uh {NS} If someone does something all the time you might say oh he what that he- {X} 040: Went? aux: Hey {D: it's none of y'all's business.} Y'all should- 040: Okay. interviewer: You- you might say he- he doesn't do that occasionally you'd say- you might say oh he oft- 040: Does it all the time? interviewer: Or he alwa- 040: He always um- interviewer: Okay and that's- that's the idea and- say a person move here in nineteen sixty-five or something you said oh he's lived here ever- 040: Ever since? interviewer: Yeah. And if someone didn't do something um um uh accidentally you'd say that was no accident he did that- 040: On purpose. interviewer: Alright. And if uh you're not sure but you say well I- something something happened you say well I- I'm not sure but I- I really- 040: Think so? interviewer: Yeah. Um. {NS} Um. You say I'm going to have to what that question I'm going to have to- 040: Ask? interviewer: Yeah and then yesterday I- 040: Ask. interviewer: And I- many times that I have- 040: Asked. interviewer: And those little boys they what all the time those two little boys can't keep 'em apart they always- 040: They're always fighting? interviewer: Yesterday they- 040: Fought. interviewer: And many times they have- 040: Fought. interviewer: Alright and he what the wild hog with a large knife? 040: He stuck. interviewer: Alright. Do you have any special names for a large knife? What might you call a- 040: A butcher knife. interviewer: Alright that'd- and- and if he stuck it in the hog and then he- it out he- {NS} 040: Pulled it out? interviewer: Yeah okay how bout a form with draw? 040: He drew it out? interviewer: Alright. And if they lift something way up in the air you'd say what that they had to- 040: Raise it. interviewer: Okay how bout the term- you ever use the term hoist or heist for something uh- 040: Well we use hoist. interviewer: Okay- 040: To hoist up heavy objects. interviewer: You cut something into two parts you say I'm gonna cut that- {NS} 040: In two. interviewer: Okay. And someone's always talking you might say don't pay- 040: Any attention? interviewer: Okay. And {X} and say seizing someone else and then after first 'til that's alright he didn't- 040: Didn't mean it. interviewer: Would- would you ever use something like- {D:Dad you're bothering} {NS} Say well at least we didn't uh- 040: Doesn't bother me? interviewer: Sure. 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Um. And when we uh uh someone says something about a- a woman say you better be careful with that woman cause she'll what- She'll who what you out of everything she'll- 040: Beat you. interviewer: Yeah. Well I'm thinking of a term like flatter or sweeten up or sweet talk. 040: Sweet talk. interviewer: Okay. And if you- um waiting for the bell in school a child- the teacher say now listen- 040: Carefully? interviewer: The bell listen- 040: For the bell? interviewer: Alright. And when a child might be- be hiding down behind a piece of furniture and suddenly jump up and what would the child say? 040: Boo. interviewer: Okay. And you might- and someone jumps you say hey you needn't be so- 040: Scared? interviewer: Alright {D: what else?} 040: Surprised? interviewer: Yeah. And um say uh you need a- a- a- I think you'd use this uh- for instance I got- for instance you have an oil and- and if you have an oil can or something you say oh yes I've got- {X} You would say I got- 040: Some. interviewer: Alright. Um. Say I'll do this {X} say I'd rather do this I- rat I'd rather do this- 040: Than that. interviewer: Alright. And how bout if you're gonna- {X} you want to- saw that one person bring another person you'd say I- I'll- 040: I'll introduce you? interviewer: Yeah. Do you ever use the term or know the term Napa Valley does that phrase mean- 040: No. interviewer: Meaning to introduce that isn't familiar at all. 040: Uh-uh. interviewer: No. Someone gives you a whole bunch of reasons for doing something and you say um uh okay I've heard all of that. But despite everything you've said- you might say despite everything you've said I s- won't do it. I- 040: I still won't do it.` interviewer: Okay. Now that- there are just a couple of- of little things here alright we'll get done in- in plenty of time. First is count slowly up to fourteen. 040: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. interviewer: The number after nineteen? 040: Twenty. interviewer: After twenty-six? 040: Twenty-seven. interviewer: After twenty-nine? 040: Thirty. interviewer: After thirty-nine? 040: Forty. interviewer: After seventy-nine- sixty-nine 040: Seventy. interviewer: After ninety-nine? 040: One hundred. interviewer: After nine hundred and ninety-nine? 040: One thousand. interviewer: And then the next largest number is uh- after a thousand is uh 040: A million? interviewer: Yeah. And if there are- there are eleven men walking along the line you say the last man was the eleventh man who's in front of him? 040: The tenth. interviewer: And then the- 040: Ninth. interviewer: And put man on them too so the ninth man and the- 040: Eighth man. {NS} Seventh man. {NS} Sixth man. Fifth man. Fourth man. Third man. Second man. And first man. interviewer: Okay something happens suddenly you might say it happened suddenly or you might say it happened- all- 040: All of a sudden? interviewer: Okay. And if something is two times as big as something else you might say it's- 040: It's twice as big. interviewer: And the months of the year are- 040: January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. And December. interviewer: Okay. And the days of the week. 040: Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. And Sunday. interviewer: Okay. Uh how would you greet a person at say ten A-M? {NS} 040: Uh- It's ten A-M? interviewer: Yeah and you- how'd you greet a a person- you see a person in the str- 040: Oh good morning. interviewer: Alright. And how late would you use that? 040: Til twelve o'clock. interviewer: Alright. And um what would you call- what- what part of your- what do you call the part of the day right now say it's four-thirty what do you call this part of the day? 040: Afternoon. interviewer: Um. Would you ever call it anything else? {NS} 040: Good evening? interviewer: Would you ever use evening this time of day? 040: I wouldn't. interviewer: #1 {X} # 040: #2 But some would. # interviewer: How early might they use it? 040: I would say after six would be- interviewer: You would use it after six but they might use it anytime in the #1 afternoon? # 040: #2 Uh-huh. # interviewer: What about a general- a general expression instead of- not having a reference to part of you know the time you might just- when you meet somebody you might say good- 040: Good day. interviewer: Okay. And uh how late does evening last? 040: Well I would say {NS} 'fore twelve midnight. interviewer: Okay. Um. And have you ever used the expression goodnight in meeting someone? 040: No. interviewer: Only {NS} in parting. 040: In parting. interviewer: Okay. And say we got- we got up very early say we started to work before- {NS} 040: Day break. interviewer: Alright or sun- 040: Sun up. interviewer: And we work- and we work until dark then we work until- 040: Sundown. interviewer: Alright and the sun at six A-M you'd say the sun- 040: Rose. interviewer: And I uh if yesterday it at six- six to ten. It has- I- 040: #1 Risen? # interviewer: #2 {X} # Alright and it will- 040: Rise. interviewer: Alright. {NS} And say we work from sunrise until sun- 040: Set. interviewer: Say the whole thing. 040: Sunset. interviewer: And if uh Thursday is today um uh uh Wednesday was- 040: Yesterday. interviewer: And Friday will be- 040: Tomorrow. interviewer: If someone- someone- some- you say he won't be here um this Friday but he'll be here 040: Next Friday. interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use the term week in that expression? 040: Now that would be a week from Friday or uh Friday week. interviewer: But that's in the future? 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Do you ever use it in the past? {X} 040: I would refer to it in the future. interviewer: Right. Okay. how bout a two week period term do you have any special terms for that? 040: {D: Cinematé} is that- interviewer: Okay. {NS} 040: He'll be here tomorrow. {NS} interviewer: What is that? 040: That was our big tractor could be the {D: grater}. interviewer: Uh. Have you thought about saying fortnight you ever use that at all? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Um if you want to know the time you might ask someone- 040: What time is it? interviewer: Alright. And on my wrist I have a- 040: Watch. interviewer: And what time was it about five minutes ago? 040: Four-thirty? interviewer: Alright and then in about ten minutes it will be- 040: Four forty-five. interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use any other expressions? 040: Quarter 'til. interviewer: Okay. And um say it hasn't been raining for quite- 040: Some time. interviewer: Alright. Uh in nineteen sixty-nine now that seventy is last year nineteen seventy-one is- 040: This year. interviewer: Alright. Um. A little boy is three you'd say he is three- 040: Years old. interviewer: Alright now something happened on June tenth nineteen seventy you'd say that happened just- 040: Last year. interviewer: Or exactly to this day you'd say that happened just a- 040: A year ago today. interviewer: Right. And if you're talking about the weather today apart from the fact that it's kinda hot you might say it's what kind of day it's a- 040: Nice day. interviewer: Alright. And if there's no sunshine at all you'd say it was what kind of day? 040: A dreary day. interviewer: Alright. And if the weather- if rain or snow is expected you might say the weather is- {NS} 040: Inclement weather? interviewer: Yeah or the weather is- if you have {D: tons of rain}- {NS} 040: It's going to get worse? interviewer: Yeah. Well I was thinking- well I was thinking either breaking or changing or- 040: Changing. interviewer: Alright. And all of lightnings up in the sky a little bit a- 040: Clouds? interviewer: Okay. {NS} And that was it. I rea- interviewer: alright the first thing that we'd like to talk about is the days of the week and terms that you may have heard of or know #1 for the days of the week # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: Um first would you say would you give me all seven of the days of the week? #1 just say 'em right # 079: #2 yes just me say 'em the way I say # monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday and sunday interviewer: Alright uh do you remember any special names for any of the days of the days of the week that uh you might have heard in the past? 079: when I was a little girl some of the people who lived near us called monday wash day cause they did the washing every monday interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 we never did but they did so that might be one thing you can think of # I don't think anything else interviewer: uh did you have any special names maybe for sunday or for saturday? 079: Mm no I don't think so I don't think of any interviewer: Uh were there any kind of rhymes that they used when maybe when you were a child 079: #1 {X}of the month but can't think quite what # interviewer: #2 to remember the days the names of the days of the week? # 079: Something bout tuesday's child is fair faced monday's child is full of grace tuesday's child is fair faced that's all I remember interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 {NW: laughing} # {NW: cough} interviewer: alright can you tell me how you would greet a person if you saw them early in the day? 079: good morning interviewer: and suppose it was to say after twelve o'clock in the day? 079: how are you? interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 {NW: laughing} # interviewer: how late in the day would you use good morning? 079: {NW: cough} until noon interviewer: and then what would you say after that? 079: if I wanted to be formal I might say good afternoon but I'd never say that interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 I'd just say hello {NW: laughing} # interviewer: #1 {NW: sigh} # 079: #2 {NW: sigh} # interviewer: what do you call the time say between three in the afternoon and five? 079: I call it afternoon but years ago in this area they called it evening interviewer: oh they did 079: they'd say they were going somewhere this evening and the reason I know that is because my mother was from Ohio and she noticed things like that you know and when she first came down here and people would say they were going somewhere this evening she thought they meant evening after supper you know and then they'd come right along in the afternoon and then she didn't know what to make of it interviewer: {NW:laughing} 079: so I know that's authentic interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: what do you call um evening then now? 079: I would call it night I'd I'd say Uh I had to go to the bridge club thursday night I wouldn't say thursday evening interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 I might if I was # writing something or uh but not in informal speech interviewer: #1 Evening is just more of a formal message right # 079: #2 {NW:cough} yeah mm-hmm # interviewer: so anything after five o'clock say would be? #1 {X} probably not # 079: #2 ah well uh yes I would think I'd say so mm-hmm # and that uh uh calling the afternoon evening is not common now but it evidently was and my my my mother came south she married in nineteen hundred married here in {X} nineteen hundred and in those early days of the of the century I they said evening back then but I don't think they do it now interviewer: Um what do you call the last regular meal that you eat during the day? 079: {NW:sigh} when we were growing up we never called it anything but supper but now if I'm asking anybody to go out with me for dinner I'd say dinner most likely but we still say supper informally at home I would come in and say what do you want me to fix for supper so uh though it's changed considerably people call it dinner who didn't do so when i was a child but still it's a little bit formal mostly just uh asking people to have dinner with you interviewer: mm-hmm 079: the hotel or something interviewer: does it have anything to do with how heavy the meal is? 079: might have now we never use the term lunch when um I was growing up we had breakfast dinner and supper but today if I said dinner it wouldn't mean the middle of the day it would mean the night meal and of course ordinarily sometimes you call people in just come by for supper while you might mean you weren't gonna have any elaborate meal. interviewer: #1 I see # 079: #2 I think you might get that distinction # interviewer: uh what do you call the first meal that you have in the day? 079: It's called breakfast interviewer: and what do you call the second one {NW:laugh} the middle one? 079: um lunch I believe is the common thing I'd call it today I'd take somebody to lunch I'd ask what do you want me to fix for lunch so I'd say that we have changed completely there since I can remember you see from breakfast but breakfast is the same but dinner and supper have taken uh have been replaced by lunch and dinner for the most part interviewer: um when does when does night end? when you use the term night is there a point um during the darkness at which you start stop saying night and start saying morning? 079: I would not really thinking on terms of the morning 'til I woke up interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 round six six thirty in the morning # of course if I were saying somebody called me at two o'clock this morning I'd say it you see but you don't have too much occasion to say that interviewer: Um what do you call the point at which uh this big yellow orange ball that we see overhead ascends? 079: uh I guess I'd say that I was up before sunrise before the sun rose if I were {NW: laughing} interviewer: and what about when it 079: #1 we say sunset that's a beautiful sunset # interviewer: #2 disappears? # 079: we use that term interviewer: uh let's talk just a minute about the word rise 079: right? interviewer: rise #1 oh rise uh-huh # 079: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: um what time did the sun? 079: rise and interviewer: yesterday morning the sun? 079: rose interviewer: and when we went out to start the truck the sun had already? 079: risen interviewer: okay um wednesday is? 079: what do you want me to say interviewer: {NW:laughing} we're talking about now um ti- days of the week 079: yeah interviewer: and how they uh are in relation to each other um 079: yeah interviewer: #1 if if if I was to say if I was? # 079: #2 the middle of the week the middle of the week # interviewer: well that that's yes um let me go a little bit farther let me rephrase that question #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 it wasn't very good # interviewer: um If someone had asked you 079: mm-hmm interviewer: uh the date 079: {NW:cough} interviewer: october twenty-eighth 079: mm-hmm interviewer: you would say looking at your calendar and realizing october twenty-eight you would say? 079: #1 that this # interviewer: #2 oh that's # 079: it was wednesday you mean interviewer: #1 uh-huh and? # 079: #2 is that # interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 well let's let's try again then # 079: #2 that's the middle of the week yep uh-huh # interviewer: if it this is wednesday 079: mm-hmm interviewer: then uh thursday is? 079: tomorrow is that what you're trying to make me say interviewer: {NW:laughing} that's right and if this is wednesday um tuesday was? 079: yesterday interviewer: so wednesday is? 079: today interviewer: {NW:laughing} that wasn't a very good 079: #1 that was a little bit hard to {X} # interviewer: #2 question {NW:laughing} # 079: #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 it does it's a little difficult to get # 079: #1 yup # interviewer: #2 what exactly what you're looking for # uh if uh something happened on sunday but it was not necessarily the sunday that was just passed uh and you wanted to tell them that it had occurred seven days earlier on a sunday how would you tell 'em that? 079: last sunday interviewer: would would that be 079: now it'd depend on how late in the week it was if I said right now something happened last sunday I'd mean three days ago interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 from sunday # I'd say a week ago sunday interviewer: mm-hmm okay um if you wanted to know what time it is it uh of the day it was at the present how would you ask me? 079: what time is it? interviewer: okay um on my wrist I'm wearing a? 079: watch interviewer: okay uh can you see my watch from where you are sitting? let me bring it over to you {NW:thump} this is not the world's easiest watch 079: #1 {NW: laughing} # interviewer: #2 to read I'm afraid # now can you tell me uh do you see now that it's? 079: quarter to twenty to four interviewer: good all I have are little dots 079: #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 so it's pretty hard to tell # okay when I spin this around would you tell me how you would tell the time then? 079: I'd just say it's four o'clock interviewer: okay and 079: four fifteen and four twenty four {X} I can't tell with that {X} four thirty interviewer: mm-kay 079: and I'd I'd say a quarter 'til five interviewer: okay 079: #1 um how bout that # 079: #2 four # ten interviewer: okay and how about that 079: I'd say ten minutes 'til five I wouldn't say four fifty interviewer: okay 079: that wouldn't be natural interviewer: #1 and one more # 079: #2 to me # {NW:cough} I'd say twenty 'til {D: twelve, five} or what it was #1 {NW:sigh} # interviewer: #2 no no yep # AUX: #1 {X} # 079: #2 um # well being very formal I might say four forty-five but automatically if somebody said what time is it I'd say a quarter 'til five interviewer: see 079: fifteen 'til {NW:laughing} interviewer: #1 the number I wanted you to say right? # 079: #2 yes # interviewer: um alright nineteen sixty-nine was last year nineteen seventy is? 079: this year interviewer: and nineteen seventy-one will be? 079: next year interviewer: uh when a baby has his first birthday you say he is? 079: one year old interviewer: when he has his second birthday you say? 079: #1 two years old # interviewer: #2 he is # and when he has his third birthday? 079: three years old interviewer: uh today is october the twenty-eighth nineteen seventy I hope 079: #1 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #2 {NW:laughing} # uh if something happened on october twenty-eighth nineteen sixty-nine you would say this happened just? 079: a year ago interviewer: okay um if you looked outside and the sun was shining and the weather was just very very pleasant uh how would you go about describing it? 079: I'd say isn't this a beautiful day interviewer: uh and suppose it was raining and um it had been raining and the clouds were starting to disappear and the sun was just beginning to peak out how would you describe that? 079: I believe it's clearing up interviewer: okay uh is there any other way that that this is said 079: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 in this area? # 079: uh uh kinda colloquialism I think that I wouldn't say but I've heard older people say it it's beginning to fair off interviewer: uh if you look outside and it just seems that it's going to storm any minute how would you describe that? 079: {NS} #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 you might could say the weather is? # 079: uh the weather's {X} it looks as if we're going to have a storm um it's cloudy it's gotten- clouds are dark or something like that interviewer: okay uh and in in the other way if the weather had been very pleasant and suddenly it it changed and looked very bad how would you describe it? 079: it looks as if it's going to storm or I don't know what to do might say it certainly has changed interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 quickly or something like that # interviewer: would there be a difference in what you might say if it had been sunshiny and suddenly turned stormy and what you might say if it had been stormy and then suddenly turned sunshiny? 079: let me see I can't think of any particular expression If it had been um pretty and turned stormy interviewer: mm-hmm 079: we'd just remark on the fact well this started out to be such a beautiful day but look at how it's raining or how it's going to storm or something like that interviewer: I see um how would you describe or is there a word that's used to describe a very heavy rain that doesn't last very long? 079: uh {NW: throat clear} downpour or uh sudden shower hard shower let's see wouldn't use the word deluge cause that's not a natural normal thing you use so what do we say sometimes when it's such a hard quick rain flash flood might might be that can't think of anything else interviewer: alright uh is there a word for a thunderstorm? do you have a 079: hmm not particularly that I can think of just say a bad thunderstorm I think's all I'd know to say mm-hmm interviewer: okay uh let's talk for a minute about the word blow 079: mm-hmm interviewer: B-L-O-W 079: mm-hmm interviewer: uh did the wind 079: blow interviewer: yes it really 079: blew interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: and it has 079: blown interviewer: right 079: {NW:laughing} interviewer: uh I think maybe um it might be interesting to explore the distinctions that are used or that you recall having been made 079: mm-hmm interviewer: between different types of rain um very light rain to the harder and into just as we were talking about the 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 the # the sudden shower or the thunderstorm how i-is 079: well I might come in somebody say is it raining out and I say just barely sprinkling just misty interviewer: #1 would there be a difference in sprinkling and misty # 079: #2 then uh # yes there's more than going to school it's just a haze kinda misty it wasn't actually sprinkling but it's so damp interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # Then if uh we'd say oh we'd say it's pouring down if it was just raining very hard we'd say it's just pouring we'd use that expression um {NW:chuckle} slang some slang expressions like you'd say it's just raining cats and dogs that's a common slang expression for us {C: laughing} {NW: breathy laughter} interviewer: um what would you call you were talking about going to school 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 in the morning # um what would you call it when there you can't say there's really a rain in the air there's a lot of dampness but you will find in particularly in pockets a grey 079: #1 very foggy mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 cloudy # okay um if you wanted to say that yesterday it was more so you would say yesterday it was? 079: foggier than it is today interviewer: and if you wanted to say that it was absolutely the worst 079: #1 the foggiest morning I ever seen # interviewer: #2 you've ever # um what do you call it when you have gone for a long period of time without rain that it begins to almost be a problem? 079: {NW: throat clear} we'd use the word drought but that is a little bit formal sounding we'd say we'd had a long dry spell interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # that would be more normal than to use the word drought interviewer: is there a difference when you're talking about dry spells and what you call 'em by how long they've lasted 079: I don't believe so I don't think of any term I would use I don't know how long you'd have to go without rain for it to actually be a drought um So I don't {X} any word that I'd particularly use there interviewer: um if there hasn't been any wind that you could feel all day long and suddenly it you begin to really feel it on your face you might say the wind is 079: has risen or um {NW: children playing} just the wind is certainly blowing {NW:laughing} interviewer: um when then when the wind begins to subside or go away you might say oh now the wind 079: has died down interviewer: um if it didn't snow but it is cold and you get up in the morning there's this white 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 stuff # om the grass uh you might say we had a? 079: had a frost last night interviewer: and if it gets very cold below freezing below thirty-two degrees uh and the ground becomes very stiff and hard how would you describe that 079: it's so cold the ground is frozen interviewer: okay is there a uh degree are are there degrees of freezing? 079: well of course I don't know just exactly what you mean but interviewer: #1 well if # 079: #2 we think of it as being # uh very cold if it gets down to fifteen eighteen or something like that we'd say this is extreme weather interviewer: well I think maybe what I'm thinking 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 of more is # when you're thinking of have of of freezing 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 the actual # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 a freeze # i-is there a degree are some freezes worse than others and would you would you 079: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 call them something # 079: #1 and how would you speak of it? # interviewer: #2 different # 079: um I guess you'd use the word severe if it was a severe freeze killed all the peaches or something like that yeah maybe would mm-hmm hard freeze sometimes use that expression interviewer: alright um let's talk for a minute about the word freeze 079: mm-hmm interviewer: uh when the temperature drops below thirty-two degrees the water 079: will freeze interviewer: uh or or 079: #1 {NW:cough} oh freezes # interviewer: #2 present # 079: #1 what what you're thinking of {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #2 {NW:laughing} # last night the water in the pond 079: froze interviewer: the water hasn't 079: frozen this year interviewer: okay uh what would you call a very thin layer of ice uh you might find on top of 079: #1 um # interviewer: #2 a bucket? # 079: trying to think of wouldn't say film you'd say there's one word to help describe it but I can't think of what it would be a very thin layer of ice I might say interviewer: #1 okay # 079: #2 a coating of ice # interviewer: uh do you remember the house that you were born in? were you born in this area? 079: uh-huh go by it everyday going to school interviewer: oh do you really 079: a little house over on fifth avenue interviewer: #1 is that right # 079: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: uh let's see fifth avenue 079: #1 {X} be the fifth avenue there # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 cross the bridge uh huh this way # interviewer: #2 it it's this way # 079: #1 going across the bridge # interviewer: #2 I'm beginning to get # 079: #1 yes uh-huh # interviewer: #2 it's very logically laid out # 079: it's made out fairly well interviewer: I didn't have any trouble finding my way around 079: oh yeah interviewer: uh can you tell me something about this house? 079: #1 this house or the one where we are going # interviewer: #2 that you were born in the house that you were born in # 079: the house were I was born is a small frame house still standing just as it was in nineteen two {NW:laughing} I was born and {NW:throat clear} it has stayed in good repair although I've not been in it in years but it looks nice from the outside it's been kept up it has not run down like some places you know do areas change I would say that that neighborhood right there changed probably as little in uh forty years or fifty years as anyone I know of the church right across the side street has been improved and added to some uh but in that particular block very few houses have been torn down with the exception of one house on the left across the street and one or two clear at the end of the block uh let's see one two three about five six houses in that block are just as they were since I remember interviewer: #1 is that right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # now lo-lot of places now this in this area here we've lived here forty-eight years and it has changed very decidedly it was houses all the way to fourth avenue and more houses across the street but that particular area over there hasn't changed very much interviewer: hmm has Rome itself changed 079: #1 very much # interviewer: #2 very much? # 079: it has uh never had a rapid growth like a boom like some places did during the war but they had uh power plant ammunition plants out there but it's had steady growth and a lot of industry has come in in the well in the last twenty to twenty-five years the G-E plant and the craft and the paper mill and all those big things there's always been a lot a good bit industry in Rome it was the {D: stove set} of the south some interviewer: #1 I didn't know that # 079: #2 thirty years ago when # everybody used stoves there's been some furniture manufacturing there have been furniture manufacturing plants here for sixty years of more and so it's always had a very good balance uh with agriculture and manufacturing and cultural it's it's been a well balanced town see we have uh three colleges now {D: we have new a junior college we've all but had} interviewer: #1 oh what do you what is the? # 079: #2 it two two years # we have shorter college berry college and the new junior college interviewer: #1 what do they call the junior college # 079: #2 state junior college # well it just opened this fall {NW:cough} buildings aren't finished yet they're having classes in temporary quarters interviewer: #1 oh is that right # 079: #2 in town # and um what would it be called just it'd be called the Rome junior college I guess it will up the one up in Dalton is called Dalton junior interviewer: #1 mm-mm # 079: #2 college # interviewer: #1 and there's one at kennesaw # 079: #2 and kennesaw # so I suppose it'd just be called Rome junior college mm-hmm interviewer: that that's #1 {D:terrific} # 079: #2 and and Rome's had # interviewer: #1 three colleges # 079: #2 good good # cultural background a lot of music and art interests and so on through the years interviewer: what's the population of Rome? 079: it's awful to ask me and me not be too sure forty thousand is what we just say right off interviewer: #1 mm-hmm now is that # 079: #2 now I don't know what the nineteen seventy census will be # and that forty thousand does not include some outlying districts that ought to be included perhaps {NW: throat clear} I mean there's sections closer to town that aren't counted then some that are quite a distance out that are counted interviewer: #1 you notice from the map # 079: #2 I guess it's that way in any city though yeah # interviewer: #1 that it get's um kind of a # 079: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: #1 funny shape # 079: #2 it did section out um # what we call {X} where the big rayon mill is it ought to be inside the city it's no distance at all from town way out in garden lakes interviewer: #1 I saw garden lakes on the map # 079: #2 that's inside the city yeah # So um it depends on the real estate dealer that gets it in you know interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 that's true in all city {X} # 079: #2 {D:alright} # interviewer: #1 um is there um # 079: #2 hmm # interviewer: is there a historical society in Rome? 079: yes there are different groups that are interested in uh history right now the university women A-A-U-W there along too I'm chairman of the committee that's getting up plaques about the history of Rome interviewer: oh really 079: and there are groups of people who are interested in getting placards and markers here and there there's a genealogical society which is right interesting I've been to some of there programs and um I'd say there was a normal interest in history interviewer: it seems that there would be a lot of potential 079: yep there is {X} It's a very interesting area you see yeah It didn't just grow Rome this town was started founded by {X:name} who said let's build a town here interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 it'd be a good place to have a town mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 I didn't know that # 079: #2 yeah yeah # I can tell ya I got a poem lasts a half an hour all about the history interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 of Rome # interviewer: #1 is that right # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} {X} uh-huh # interviewer: #1 oh that's terrific # 079: #2 yeah and um # it really was interesting it was {NW: throat clear} two men were riding from castle to Livingston down near the state line to hold court one day back in eighteen thirty-three about and um they stopped to give their horses a drink and a rest down where now is the corner of broad street and third avenue there was a pretty spring there and while they were sitting there talking they said you know this is a pretty place be a good place to start a town with the rivers they knew that the Oostanaula and Etowah came together to form the Coosa and the mountains around fertile valleys and uh while they were sitting there another man man rolled up on horseback and got up to get a drink and introduced himself to them he was Phillip W. Hemphill and he lived on a big plantation out where Darlington school is now fact some of the the big house {X} part of it is the same hot house that he had interviewer: #1 is that right # 079: #2 and he told {X} # they told him what they'd been talking about and he said no I've got a brother in law down at Cave Springs now Cave Springs is an older town than Rome little town about sixteen miles from here and he said he's in the legislature and maybe he could help us draw up a bill to put through the legislature to get a town incorporated and in eighteen thirty-five it was incorporated and those fine men put names into a hat they dr- wrote a little a name on a piece of paper what they thought would be a good name for the town and fortunately Rome was drawn out interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 what were the other ones {X} # 079: #2 one of 'em was Warsaw # one of them put in Hamburg one of them put in uh Stylesbury within this bag and Hillbury within this bag interviewer: #1 is there there is a Stylesbury # 079: #2 Rome was not # there is a Stylesbury not far from here over towards Conyers interviewer: did he get huffy and move away? 079: #1 No no I think that # interviewer: #2 {X} {NW:laughing} # 079: was called Stylesbury because some prominent families over there named Styles interviewer: oh 079: uh {NW:cough} but Daniel R. Mitchell was the one who put the name of Rome in course I suppose he was thinking of the seven hills of ancient Rome and the Tiber river flowing through it and so this would have interviewer: #1 does does this # 079: #2 rivers flowing through it # interviewer: Rome have seven hills? 079: oh yes people always calling me and ask me which ones are the seven hills interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 are there more # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 there are more than seven # so there's no way I'm saying which seven they had in mind #1 but I just choose # interviewer: #2 you just choose seven # 079: what I think the most prominent ones {NW:laughing} somebody else might not name all the same ones interviewer: #1 that's fascinating I # 079: #2 but we all we'd all name the one # one up here by the town clock Don't know whether you've noticed the old town clock interviewer: #1 no I must not have seen it # 079: #2 up the hill the hill I'll point it out to you when you leave # that has been there since eighteen seventy-three and was a water tower reservoir when it was first built but now it's just a landmark and um that's tower hill and then there was the hill over here a little further away Shorter used to be before it moved out to where it is now and then the cemetery is on {X} hill, now that's an interesting thing about Rome that hill just just goes up pretty steeply from pretty close to the riverbank and there and you can go all the way around it and um it's a steep hill right there in town it's right in front of broad street interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 and uh so # good thing they made a cemetery out of it cause it wouldn't be good for anything else interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing}and um # the story goes that during the civil war the uh confederate forces knew that the federals {NW:car horn} were camped up on fort jackson which is a hill over here on this side and uh they didn't the confederates had very few men but they used a strategy they marched around and around and around Myrtle Hill and the federals kept the- {X} soldiers kept coming in they kept coming in they kept coming in they thought {X} they thought they could just tell that troops were moving they couldn't recognize them So they marched around that hill again and again and again and federals thought they had so many they couldn't do anything bout it interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} that's a story # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # I guess it's true {NW:laugh} but uh different ones would name different hills but that's the way Rome was started and uh interviewer: #1 I noticed that they had # 079: #2 it it it is # interviewer: the statue of the wolf with 079: #1 now that was given {NW:throat clear} to Rome Georgia # interviewer: #2 Romulus and Remus {X} # 079: by Rome Italy interviewer: oh was it? 079: uh huh back in nineteen twenty-eight about when the rayon mill was built here it was built by an Italian corporation and uh so some of the negotiations back and forth between those leading Italian um what I'm trying to say here trying to say industrialists and uh somebody made the suggestion some of them uh that the uh that Rome Italy send that replica of the wolf and Romulus and Remus to Rome Georgia there was an interesting article about that in the paper just a week or so ago telling you how one time somebody stole one of the little figures interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 and they never did know what happened to it # they couldn't ever find it and so the somebody who had been connected with the mill and all had another one sent from Italy so that's the second one of one of the figures said never did know whether it was romulus or remus that was stolen interviewer: #1 oh that's a shame {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # but that is right that is right interesting history you see how we happen to have that interviewer: #1 oh yes that was # 079: #2 and uh yeah # interviewer: #1 something to be proud of # 079: #2 {X} yes # it is it's an interesting thing interviewer: well you know a lot about the history 079: #1 well I know a good bit # interviewer: #2 you must have you must have # 079: #1 I've studied it, I first # interviewer: #2 looked into it quite a bit # 079: got interested in it when I was a senior in high school uh Mr. Jordan {X:name} Battey who had lived here formerly and came back to Rome wanted to write a history of Rome and Floyd County interviewer: Is that the Battey avenue 079: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 uh Battey hospital and Battey # 079: {D: I don't think we didn't the straight street name Battey} interviewer: oh I remember seeing the name 079: you saw his his Battey monument up on the interviewer: #1 that # 079: #2 courthouse lawn # interviewer: #1 that's it that's it # 079: #2 which is to a doctor Battey who was a relative # of Mr. Jordan {X} Battey and {NW:throat clear} {X} trying to get up material he got the uh D-A-R I think it was to uh sponsor essay contest like they do you know in all high school children to write uh an essay on the history of Rome I suppose they thought they'd gather a few facts by doing that and I thought it'd be fun to try so I went to see a lot uh older people long since gone now and got information from them and all and I wrote it up I wrote it in chapters and everything and I had a little verse of this {X} I won the prize interviewer: #1 wow # 079: #2 and twenty-five dollars haven't had as much money since # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 ever and uh # so that got me interested in it and from time to time I'd add to it and somebody'd want to know one thing or another um our church I've written the history of our church I've got it quite in detail uh all about our different pastors and everything {NS: church bell} the different buildings we've had and if I'm uh giving to it um uh Shorter Alumni banquet or something I go in and have it all talk about Shorter and about all it's done during the years` if I'm giving it out of Berry I give more about Berry interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 It's a very flexible {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 I have several versions of it # and several years ago {NW:throat clear} I {NW} give a Christmas program every year to the business women circle of the first presbyterian church I've done it so long I had run out of everything I knew to tell 'em about Christmas that I hadn't already used So I thought now if I took my history and went along and put in different eras two or three verses about Christmas Christmas during the early days how Christmas how the Christmas story first come to Floyd county and Christmas during the fifties Christmas during the Civil War period and uh the nineties and all up ya know um and I did I just dispersed that in So at Christmas I have to kinda go back and review a little Cause I've got to put that Christmas party {NW:laughing} interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: it sounds as if you might have it on cards 079: #1 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #2 and you just kind of show {X} # 079: #1 now I'm # interviewer: #2 the way you want it to go # 079: gonna give it uh next tuesday interviewer: #1 are you # 079: #2 at the Lion's Club luncheon # interviewer: #1 well this this won't be the Christmas # 079: #2 {NW:mumbling} # interviewer: #1 party will it # 079: #2 no this won't be the Christmas party # interviewer: #1 {NW:cough} # 079: #2 but if # somebody asked me to I have several have already asked me to do it for Christmas uh well I played that part soon as I get through the Lion's Club I start practicing for Christmas {X} {NW: laughing} interviewer: do you have have something special for the Lion's Club then 079: uh do I give them my regular version interviewer: #1 they get the standard # 079: #2 they get the standard version # interviewer: {NW:laughing} 079: that's it interviewer: #1 that is tremendous # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} it is isn't it # interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: what uh you were talking about the way the economy uh arose 079: mm-hmm interviewer: been balanced 079: uh-huh interviewer: what really is the principle economy is there? 079: well um in this um history I had it about uh our economic history {NS: children outside} uh now- want me to say a little bit of it? our industrial history goes back for many years for an old lone courier eighteen fifty-five appears news of the noble family who had settled here in Rome they had come from Pennsylvania to make this place their home they're iron family made machinery and other gadgets for peace time pursuits then later they made {X} for the war but among the oldest industries still in full swing today is the {D:Fannex} company and we're sure the way they make their trucks and carriers today would surely show very many changes from some ninety years ago and there's another his- industry who's history we should know Rome was stove seller of the south some thirty years ago but many of these families do not exist today for heating stoves and ranges are not the modern way but one article manufactured still in use in every home is furniture for fifty years produced right here in Rome we could go on with the story and show how year by year new types of manufacturing continue to appear until today they number one hundred firms or more with far larger pay rolls than we've ever had before now what about the proxy the founding father's made that Rome would be a center of industry and trade we've mentioned early textile mills and further reading shows that Rome's wealth lay in her cotton until well after the close of the nineteenth century but in the years since then farming is more diversified and you will notice when you ride throughout Floyd county many places where cotton grew before live stock and poultry take its place and bring the farmer more reward for all his labors then knew in former years for agricultural pamphlets this amazing fact appears annual income to Floyd farmers by statistics now has shown to exceed two million dollars just from livestock sales alone so you see that that's the idea that's what I mean you're manufacturing we're agricultural we changed from the cotton area that we were now back in the oh from nineteen well I suppose way back before I don't remember but all up 'til nineteen twenty I'd say the lower block of {X} was the cotton block and every fall when the cotton was in the day it was brought to town that whole block was just filled with cotton wagons piled up with cotton and people would bid on it you know and the highest price got it and the first bale would always bring a high price now that cotton was very that was just the main industry but today there's not nearly as much cotton as there is and I was talking to somebody the other day who is a farmer up in north of Rome here a little way {NW:throat clear} {NS:children playing} lived on a farm all his life his father was a farmer and uh he and his mother were talking to me and they said today you cannot get anybody to pick cotton that's absolutely impossible any cotton you raise you have to plan to have mechanical pickers there's just no such thing anymore as people in the cotton field interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 in this area around here now whether there still are # in some sections of Alabama, Mississippi there may still be enough colored help who will pick cotton but they can do it but you don't round here {X} you can't get anybody to pick cotton and you don't see a great deal of cotton cause there's so much poultry there is and so much live stock interviewer: is this uh uh big chicken 079: #1 yes not as much so as around Gainesville # interviewer: #2 farm? # 079: #1 over around Gainesville is really the # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: uh center of it but you see a great many of the big chicken farms all out around here mm-hmm interviewer: #1 um # 079: #2 um don't remember what I was saying # interviewer: let's um I'd like to hear your whole 079: #1 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 well it's right interesting it's {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: bout the children at school I teach out there at the academy you know and uh they know I've got it and they say say it for us someday I said well I'll say it in installments now we can't pay the whole class period to it interviewer: #1 how long is it how long is it the poem # 079: #2 but I would say up to the Civil War for you today # then I'll say from there on tomorrow and honey they don't forget it course part of it is to get out of class to get out of having algebra but they're really interested they just sit there and listen and when they when we went on with the lesson after that when some of them left they passed me that sure was a good poem interviewer: #1 well I # 079: #2 {NW::laughing} you really like it # interviewer: #1 I know I've become very interested in it # 079: #2 hmm # interviewer: #1 course it is a # 079: #2 it it # interviewer: Rome interests me because there seems to be so much of the past 079: #1 th-there is # interviewer: #2 that's still here # 079: now we do not have a great many old homes or anything that is still standing up Alfred Shorter's home {X} well private school for girls is now is one and of course {X} Miss Berry's home {NW:throat clear} has been there a long time it has not looked always as it does today Henry Ford gave a lot of money to restore and fix it up uh one on beyond it the ol' Freeman place we call it dates back to before the civil war and so on but we don't have a lot of now you go to a little town like Noonan oh they just one after the other townhouses great big pretty houses with columns that you know have been there a long time there's a good many of them in Athens and Milledgeville you don't find that so much in Rome Rome was not a section that had these great big fine town houses like some of them did now there was a very pretty old place it was the Daniel R. Mitchell home the children had been preserved since he named Rome and all but it was torn down and graded down and we now have interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 a garden there # Charburger interviewer: #1 oh no # 079: #2 so we haven't kept our old homes # as mu- as well as we might have interviewer: when was this done? 079: that was done some ten to twelve years ago fifteen maybe interviewer: maybe now there would be people who 079: #1 yes yeah there might be # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: it uh it's right th- there's not been much success in Rome in preserving old buildings and that is true the oldest building standing I don't I'd have to think a minute for I'd say all around in town Broad street and all some of them are still standing now the fifth avenue drug store right there on the hill here that burned about a year ago there that building had been there a good long time certainly since before nineteen hundred now I don't know just how long but uh a lot of the buildings on broad street have been torn down and rebuilt in the last thirty and forty years some blocks the block the national city bank going north that way everything on that side of the street's new interviewer: #1 mm-mm # 079: #2 within # well since nineteen twenty-five or something which sounds way back to you interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 but is not old # interviewer: #1 not that {X} # 079: #2 so far as buildings go you know # and on this side of the street I don't believe there's an old building standing maybe one and when I say old I mean it's been built within the last thirty or forty years it's not a building that's been there since before the Civil War so we just don't have any buildings downtown that old I don't believe interviewer: hmm 079: but interviewer: well I I deviated a little bit 079: #1 well # interviewer: #2 from the question # but all of this 079: #1 {X} get me started talking aren't ya # interviewer: #2 this all of this all of this is very important # 079: #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 so don't think you you're # that this is is 079: #1 {NW:throat clear} # interviewer: #2 not important # 079: #1 well it gives you a little bit of # interviewer: #2 that we really have a # 079: #1 idea of the feeling about # interviewer: #2 that's right # 079: #1 Rome that you wouldn't get # interviewer: #2 {NW:throat clear} {X} # eventually I'll need to ask you some questions about um your parents 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 and when they were born # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 and something about Rome # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 because we need to know about # in order to understand the people and their speech in the community 079: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 we need to know something of the history # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 of the community too # so really you're answering some questions for me now that 079: #1 well good {NW:stutter} # interviewer: #2 I won't have to ask you # 079: #1 maybe won't have to do later on mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 later on {NW:laughing} # um we were talking about your home where you gone where you were born 079: #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 here in rome # um I'm not expecting anything elaborate but do you think you could show me how the floor plan was or? 079: I would only to have to guess at it honey I would say almost positively you see I moved from there when I was two years old interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 {NW:chuckle} and I'm not sure # well that I've ever been in that house since we've never and mi- mister Dan Buyers lived there a long time and they and they were people we knew and had good speaking acquaintances with but we didn't to their home to visit interviewer: I see 079: uh so I don't know that I've been in the house but I know in reason that it had a hall central hall and I think just probably one room on this side one good side where you could make a small room and maybe three rooms on the other side probably a little five room house about and most of them in that period were built that way with the halls in the center and there'd be two rooms on this side and three on this side something like that interviewer: #1 what what would be at the end of the hall # 079: #2 that would be a # well that I expect a back porch I expect a hallway through the house interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 most of them went straight through the house ya know # in that day and time interviewer: where would the kitchen be now 079: kitchen would probably have been Expect the kitchen was the third room back on that side there was probably a living room {NW:noise} maybe a living room dining room kitchen and two bedrooms that's the ordinary arrangement of a house about that time interviewer: one story 079: that was one story mm-hmm interviewer: #1 what # 079: #2 now # some we lived in later I could tell you more about of course interviewer: what what would the construction of it had been what would it was it framed? 079: #1 framed mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 the house # 079: entirely framed there were not too many brick houses in Rome years ago but uh everything today is nearly brick ya know but when I was a child the majority of houses were framed mm-hmm interviewer: I guess that's 079: #1 yep uh-huh uh-huh # interviewer: #2 the period probably # uh how high is the ceiling? 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 here # 079: they're high honey I have measured them but I've forgotten uh {NW:chuckle} let's see {X} oh I'd say are all uh twenty something feet high this is an old house we've owned it nearly fifty years and uh it was an old house when we bought it so I think it would date back let's see we bought it in twenty-two it would certainly date back into the eighties or something like that interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # mm-hmm sure it would interviewer: even um this is an unusually high ceiling 079: yes they are very high interviewer: even for 079: #1 uh-huh older houses # interviewer: #2 other older houses # 079: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 I've been in they # 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 this is # 079: I expect I've measured it sometime I'm trying to estimate interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {X} # uh eighteen feet at least honey uh maybe twenty mm-hmm interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 hmm # interviewer: it gives you such a 079: #1 sometimes I'll go to the store and I'll be measuring and I'll say # interviewer: #2 open feeling # 079: I want this much of that that's a yard and a half it'll be a yard and a half to the inch but I don't always get that accurate interviewer: #1 {NW:laugh} # 079: #2 I've sold a lot that's the reason I can measure # interviewer: #1 that's tremendous now I think that must come with # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 math my husband's a # 079: #2 it does # interviewer: #1 math major and he # 079: #2 it does it does # interviewer: #1 has eye {X} # 079: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # you have more of an eye for distances and lengths even then you miss it sometimes but um Lot of times I'd say I want that I guess I want two-thirds of a yard of this and they'll measure it and it's two-thirds of a yard interviewer: um 079: but I'm not always that accurate interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 so I can't I can't # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 estimate a mile even # 079: #2 hmm yeah # well it's not easy to do interviewer: mm-mm um let's see now um what do you call in a house that has uh that would for example burn wood or coal for heat 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 but now in a # stove 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 uh you'd probably have it in a # 079: fireplace interviewer: right and what would you call the part the part of the fireplace that is on the outside of the house and extends up? 079: #1 yeah the chimney # interviewer: #2 the roof # alright and what do you call the part of a fireplace that extends out from the actual recessed 079: #1 the hearth mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 part of the room? # um what do you call I think they're still using them in fact they they are probably selling quite a few of them now and usually there are two of them in the fireplace that you rest the wood on to burn it 079: well andirons uh that's not a common usage with us I guess if anybody had andirons that's what we'd call 'em I don't think of anything else you'd call 'em interviewer: does this house have a fireplace? 079: does this house have interviewer: #1 does this house have a fireplace? # 079: #2 {NW:throat clear} well see right back # #1 of course that used to be a fireplace and we had the # interviewer: #2 oh {NW:laughing} # 079: had the gas heater put in there there was a fireplace in that room and we had a big gas heater set it out in the room in there we do not have central heat in this house we have gas heat all over interviewer: it's warm 079: #1 I'm always very comfortable # interviewer: #2 very warm # 079: #1 very nice # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: {X} big gas heater in that room and in this one and in the living room the living room across the hall and across the back of the house where we have uh the den and the breakfast room and the kitchen we have gas heaters in each one of them where we keep all that part warm all the time all winter when we're gone all day we do not always keep this front part heated a lot of people don't try to heat the whole house and uh of course we'd like to it would be right expensive interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 and see # I'm gone all day nearly all day Louise doesn't get home until six thirty or seven Ruth works 'til five thirty so it'd be right foolish for us to interviewer: #1 oh yes # 079: #2 heat all this # all day everyday but interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 when I get home in the afternoon I generally turn it on # interviewer: #1 well a lot of people don't heat # 079: #2 mm-hmm yeah # interviewer: #1 but part of the house # 079: #2 well it's it's # interviewer: #1 we turn the the # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 vents off # 079: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 in the front part of the house # 079: #2 yeah mm-hmm # interviewer: uh what would you call this 079: #1 we'd call that the mantle # interviewer: #2 part here # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 okay # 079: and you know what the old fashioned old time-y name for it some country people call it the fireboard interviewer: #1 no no # 079: #2 did you ever hear that expression # fireboard I've heard some people say that but it'd be people out in the country the older people interviewer: is it the same as a chimney piece? or is that that's just 079: #1 chimney piece yes # interviewer: #2 a word I've heard # 079: uh that's in the night before twas the night before Christmas interviewer: #1 is there # 079: #2 {X} there's chimney pieces in there # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 the handles were # the stockings were hung by the chimney I guess it is I {X} chimney piece I guess meant same as mantle interviewer: #1 probably # 079: #2 probably # interviewer: #1 uh # 079: #2 I'm not # positive about that interviewer: #1 it's just a word that # 079: #2 cause # interviewer: #1 I've heard somewhere # 079: #2 uh-huh no I've heard it too # interviewer: #1 {NW:throat clear} # 079: #2 but not # it's not in my vocabulary {NW:laugh} I don't use it interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW:laugh} # interviewer: uh what would you call the piece of wood that you burn in the fireplace one one 079: well if it were big I'd call it a log but if it were just some that had been split up course people don't burn wood in the fireplace much anymore I don't know any particular name I'd give to it now the name kindling to the pieces that you'd have to start the fire but course all that's in the past now we don't do that anymore interviewer: uh well about uh kindling then 079: mm-hmm interviewer: uh i-is this um a term that's used for di- for a particular size 079: #1 yes back # interviewer: #2 of wood you would use # 079: when I was a little girl and people had fires in the fireplace in the grate we'd call it you know uh you started a fire with little pieces of pine just about so long so big people split that up for kindling uh sometimes you'd ball it in a bunch at the store or something country people brought it in or some people some men split up there own they'd buy a load of wood from the country and they'd split it up things like that interviewer: #1 were there # 079: #2 burn wood in the stove # cook stove too you know interviewer: would you call that kindling in the 079: #1 no that was just # interviewer: #2 cooking stove? # 079: stick of wood bring in a stick of wood put a stick of wood in the fire in the stove interviewer: #1 it would be larger # 079: #2 you know # interviewer: #1 than kindling? # 079: #2 uh-huh # bout so long pieces about so long they were and uh {D:like} now it was a common practice when I was a child for a man from the country to bring in wood in long pieces and {NW:throat clear} made the logs that he had uh split in half or fourths and then Papa'd buy a load of wood then he would split it up into stove lengths interviewer: I see 079: and then when we wanted to be real smart we'd carry in the wood before he got home so he'd be pleased with us cause we carried in all the wood stack it up in the wood shed or fill the wood box in the kitchen and uh we were one of the first families anywhere around our area over there to have a gas stove interviewer: oh were you 079: For years we had a gas stove and a wood stove in the winter you cooked on the wood stove cause you wanted the heat but in the summer you cooked on the gas stove now that's before the day of electric stoves we were also among the first to have an electric stove cause my father worked for the {X} railway and lighting company that was taken over later by the Georgia Power so we always had everything electrical uh a little before some people did we had an iron long time before some people had 'em an electric iron and he always had an electric fan things like that now that would've been back around nineteen ten and twelve and fourteen when people didn't have 'em common interviewer: mm-hmm uh refrigerators I guess #1 {X} # 079: #2 yeah a refrigerator bout # people used to go around you know the ice wagon and come around and uh had great big blocks of ice and they'd chip off cut off however much you wanted and the children would all gather round and get when they sawed the ice ya know interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 the shavings from it that was good # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} in the summer I # 079: #2 {NW:chuckle} # interviewer: #1 bet it was # 079: #2 the ice wagon was # coming to the ice wagon was quite an event everyday and you'd tell 'em whether you wanted ten pounds or twenty-five pounds and some people have bigger ice box they'd get fifty pounds that's about as big of pieces uh as a home ever got and you didn't have ice unless you unless you got it from the ice wagon and then you didn't get it and you can't get cool like this the ice wagon didn't come anymore cause nobody buys when it wasn't hot weather interviewer: #1 what did you do with food # 079: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 and so # 079: #2 {NW:throat clear} # you'd call up the market in the morning before breakfast and they'd deliver meat to you interviewer: #1 for the day # 079: #2 imagine that` # deliver your meat before breakfast time I woke up many a morning to Papa calling the market for pound of steak he liked steak for his breakfast and uh they'd deliver it before breakfast interviewer: #1 you order each day # 079: #2 {NW:chuckle} # interviewer: #1 for what you had what you would use that day # 079: #2 uh-huh uh-huh that's right uh when it # when it was uh when you didn't have when it got cold enough you see why we used to uh keep what we had an upground cellar Papa called it he fixed us a little screened box outside of one of the kitchen windows and it was just screen so it was good and cold and the window come down in front of it so you put your food in there just like in a interviewer: #1 kinda like out from # 079: #2 refrigerator # interviewer: #1 the sill # 079: #2 mm-hmm yeah # interviewer: #1 of the window # 079: #2 out from the sill mm-hmm # interviewer: I never heard 079: #1 didn't very many people # interviewer: #2 of that # 079: have those I don't suppose but we did we called it our upground cellar interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 that's really funny # 079: #2 {NW:laughing # but now that was probably due that may well have been due to Mama's influence from the north now it might have been interviewer: #1 oh uh huh # 079: #2 because other people around didn't have 'em # interviewer: makes sense 079: we had an interesting experience about this language stuff a nice young fellow few years ago who taught out of Shorter who was quite a good friend of ours {D: he'd be over here in a bit} and he would laugh at some of the things we said because he said we used a lot of expressions he didn't know now he was from over around Winston-Salem uh North Carolina and uh he maybe had some expression that wouldn't have been too common to this area but we realized that some of the things we said we didn't even know we said them were expressions we'd gotten from Mama they were expressions used in Ohio not common to this area you see interviewer: that's 079: so a lot of times you you speak a mixture of idioms and things of that sort that you don't even realize you do interviewer: #1 that's right um # 079: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: somehow people don't realize when we ask them about their parents 079: uh-huh interviewer: birthplace 079: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 and how this could possibly # 079: #1 well it does make a big difference # interviewer: #2 matter because I've grown up # 079: #1 makes a big difference # interviewer: #2 in this area # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 but not only your parents # but uh your associates your your day to day 079: #1 mm-hmm yes # interviewer: #2 associates # 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 make a ev-every # 079: #1 the teachers that you had # interviewer: #2 experience you have # 079: if they happened to be Dyed in the wool southerners and so on why they gave you some expressions and some feelings and ideas that you wouldn't have gotten otherwise interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: uh what do you call the black substance that forms inside a chimney? 079: #1 soot # interviewer: #2 and # 079: we pronounce it soot now what the correct pronunciation is I don't know but that's what we call it interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: um what do you call the grey um matter that's left after wood has burned? 079: ashes interviewer: alright and uh can you ge- tell me what you think the opposite o-of black is? 079: {D: uh you just want me to} say white mm-hmm interviewer: seems a little 079: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 some of them are elementary but still I know that the whole pattern builds up into something doesn't it # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 that's right # uh you now are sitting in a? 079: chair interviewer: um let's see I think now I need the names of the furniture 079: #1 alright uh-huh # interviewer: #2 that you have in here and uh # 079: what I would call it you mean? interviewer: right 079: well I'd call that a sofa could call it a divan but I believe I'd be more apt to call it a sofa though it may be that divan would be a more common expression today if you ask eight or ten of the people I am associated with all the time I expect maybe the majority of them would say divan said davenport some years ago but that terms almost gone out you know how do you even know it interviewer: uh my mother 079: #1 uh-huh uh-huh uh-huh # interviewer: #2 says it # 079: it's almost gone out the changes in language are very interesting I often tell my boys I say now you let's say a sentence and see how many words we can have in it that George Washington wouldn't have known what in the world we were talking about and you know you can make them realize that there's a lot of things beside radio and television and Frigidaire and so on {NW:laughing} interviewer: #1 a lot of changes in # 079: #2 wouldn't uh # interviewer: #1 uses that are brought about by changes in # 079: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 civilization # 079: #2 uh huh # interviewer: #1 um # 079: #2 and new things in learning # interviewer: #1 my professor # 079: #2 changes # interviewer: points out terms connected with horse and buggy days 079: yeah interviewer: #1 that are just unheard of now # 079: #2 yeah uh-huh that you wouldn't know at all # interviewer: um and you would call these? 079: chair the piano the table and the lamp the bookcase I'd call this a bookcase mm-hmm interviewer: um can you name me pieces of bedroom furniture that are pieces that you can 079: #1 we would # interviewer: #2 think of # 079: think of the dresser we call still call it dresser and the bed table now for a long time you know dressing table was very popular in the bedroom you don't hear that term as much anymore interviewer: is this different from the dresser? 079: yes a dressing table was a popular came into uh popularity along I'd say about nineteen fifteen to nineteen twenty and along uh along there and it was smaller and um it had a big mirror and it didn't have the drawers and all that a dresser had it was supposed to be uh little uh cabinet thing for you to sit in front of and put on your cosmetics and things like that interviewer: you really don't sit in from of the dresser 079: no you don't interviewer: #1 it it's # 079: #2 no no # interviewer: #1 certain um # 079: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 teaching # 079: #2 how how they teaching 'em to # multiply divide add and subtract and so on interviewer: there's still a good bit of drill 079: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 with what they're doing # you can't get away from that 079: you can't get away from it if you're teaching 'em anything that's true so interviewer: {NW}um all of these that we have been talking about are pieces 079: #1 of # interviewer: #2 of # 079: furniture interviewer: um what do you call um okay what do you call the things that you have behind your sheer curtains? 079: I call them window shades interviewer: um do you distinguish in your the term that you use between those and the 079: #1 the venetian blinds # interviewer: #2 the flat # 079: mm-hmm yep I have window shades in here and I have venetian blinds in yonder mm-hmm interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: wasn't with it I should have noticed that 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {X} # uh what do you call the place where you store your clothes? 079: closet interviewer: alright um is putting the two words together you would call it 079: a clothes closet interviewer: um is there a kind of a closet that is not recessed in the wall 079: wardrobe or something like that now you got that now that's a term interviewer: #1 one that's # 079: #2 that # interviewer: #1 movable # 079: #2 uh-huh uh-huh # that's something that's almost gone out of American furniture is a wardrobe #1 houses now used to be the other without any closets # interviewer: #2 the oldest houses have # 079: everything was in kept in wardrobes mm-hmm interviewer: uh what do you call the space in a house between the top floor of living space and the roof? 079: attic interviewer: uh and what do you call the room where you do your food preparation? 079: kitchen interviewer: okay would you um tell me something about the equipment in a kitchen um 079: you mean today interviewer: well a little bit of both have there been changes? 079: there are definitely changes of course since I anybody my age can remember interviewer: #1 mention some of # 079: #2 very different changes # interviewer: #1 that # 079: #2 mm-hmm # the from the cook stove to the gas stove to in this town where oil stoves were quite popular of course they're still used some places uh and then the electrical st-stove is almost of course gas is still popular but gas and electricity has completely replaced the wood stove you'd go a long way to find somebody cooking on a wood stove interviewer: #1 yes that's right # 079: #2 now wouldn't you # and uh then another thing that has changed so every kitchen years and years ago had a cupboard sort of thing that was called a safe and always had metal {X} was on the doors and there was always a pricked pattern on those doors and you kept your food in the safe in the wintertime you put the dishes uh what ever was left the leftovers in the safe until supper time cause you didn't have any refrigerator and you had ice in the su- in the winter you see and uh so there's always a safe in the kitchen and um then let me see what else of course dishwashers entirely new within the last what twenty twenty-five years maybe not that long interviewer: what do you have in your kitchen that would take the place of a safe anything 079: uh the place of a safe? interviewer: any 079: well actually it would be the refrigerator {X} cause you see we keep you keep all perishable foods now in the refrigerator interviewer: uh what about um baked goods was there a s- did you put your baked goods in? 079: #1 you used to # interviewer: #2 the safe too # 079: to have uh bread box that you kept it in I can remember well we never thought to putting bread in the r- in the ice box when we were children kept it in a bread box {NW} and if you had uh fairly good size house you had a pantry if you didn't you had some kind of shelves where you kept your canned goods and things like that interviewer: uh what do you have in your kitchen now where you would keep dishes and 079: #1 cupboards # interviewer: #2 such? # 079: uh cupboards I guess you'd call 'em mm-hmm interviewer: alright um do you remember anything about a outside kitchen 079: #1 no # interviewer: #2 that you had? # 079: that was further {NW} a lot further back but you know they did have years ago interviewer: I didn't know they did 079: #1 ye-well yeah they did honey yes they did # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: uh if you go to some of the old houses if you go to Mount Vernon if you go to uh up here to the Vann place the Vann house up uh {X} which was a fine home that Joseph Vann who was an Indian chief interviewer: mm-hmm 079: had and then of course he had to go west when all the others were going west but it's been restored very interesting outside kitchen uh any of the old houses that you visit the kitchen was not in the main house it was out a ways from it they didn't think all the cooking odors and everything should get into the house and how they ever got it to the table hot I don't know interviewer: #1 I remember # 079: #2 but I guess they did # interviewer: with Mount Vernon 079: mm-hmm interviewer: there being they said there were little slave boys who were called runners 079: yes interviewer: #1 who who # 079: #2 ran back and forth # with the food yeah interviewer: #1 I remember that now that I didn't remember # 079: #2 and uh # interviewer: #1 until you just told me # 079: #2 even in the houses # that weren't as pretentious as that they had uh the kitchen somewhat separated from the house interviewer: and you only had one kitchen 079: #1 yes and now some of them had uh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: called a summer kitchen I've heard people use the term summer kitchen and perhaps that was away from the house to keep the heat from the house and they may have have uh uh kitchen in the house in the winter and now never since I can remember did people have an outside kitchen but um certainly back in the civil war days they did I'd say that went out probably in the seventies or something like that seventies or eighties interviewer: hmm 079: mm-mm interviewer: um let's see what would you call i-is there um um general term that you would use for a lot of worthless articles that you'd say aw that's just 079: um rubbish or trash {NW} interviewer: and there was a man used to come around and pick up things like this and you'd called him the some kind of man 079: hmm now we used to speak of the trash man coming mm-hmm drove the trash wagon {NW} before the day of of trucks and everything {C: laughing} now we never did have anybody who came around and bought up rummage or anything like that might have in some areas interviewer: #1 well the word that I was really looking for # 079: #2 what's the word # interviewer: #1 is um also used # 079: #2 what what # interviewer: now to speak uh to a slang term for a drug addict 079: {X} all I can think of is pusher interviewer: #1 {X} {NW} # 079: #2 that's the one that sells isn't it # uh huh I can't think of the word you want interviewer: uh how about junk 079: yes yes now that's a common word with us I think of it more in connection with uh metallic uh stuff if you had uh some old {X} I don't know I guess you you sell you'd sell anything for junk I couldn't think what you were getting at honey interviewer: #1 it's difficult # 079: #2 now when we were children # there was a man we knew good friend of ours who had a junk shop that was his business and he would take anything you know interviewer: what would you call a place in your house where you stored your junk 079: #1 mm-mm let's see # interviewer: #2 or # 079: {NW} if you had a basement you have uh store room or something course what's the term you use today utility room interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 that's a new term # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 you just call it that # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: um what would you call the um object that you use not an electrical object but a hand 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 pushed object # that you use to sweep the floor? 079: carpet sweeper people used to have carpet sweepers interviewer: that and but before that even a more primitive object 079: well of course broom you just thinking of the term broom interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 and um # interviewer: um if I if if you would imagine for just a minute {NS} 079: mm-hmm interviewer: that I had a broom in my hand 079: mm-hmm interviewer: and I took it and put it here 079: uh-huh interviewer: then I said where's the broom 079: mm-mm well I'd just say back of the door #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 that's fine # 079: #1 {NW} {NS} # interviewer: #2 do you need to answer your phone # 079: my sister will I guess let's see she might rather I would {X} for anybody like that interviewer: #1 what um # 079: #2 on that # interviewer: ages do they have during {X} 079: we have from the ninth through the twelfth just senior high well in some some places yeah we have sixth seventh and eighth is junior high in most places so what ours is is four years of senior high interviewer: uh boys and girls 079: no just boys interviewer: #1 just boys # 079: #2 they've talked about # making it co-ed this year but they said they would if they had as many as fifty applicants well they didn't have quite that many I think they thought it wouldn't be too good to have too small a number of girls and a large number of boys but we'll probably be co-ed next year and I hope we will {X} I've taught all I've taught all girls I've taught all boys and I've taught 'em together so it doesn't matter interviewer: #1 you've had 'em in all ways # 079: #2 {NW} in all ways yup # all different ways interviewer: oh I think your phone's ringing 079: again yup it is just fascinating it wasn't so much about it except the islands and area around it uh one of Victoria Holt's her last book and it really was just fascinating to me because the ship's starting to go ashore and I can just see us going to shore and uh Quito Ecuador and {NW} interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 do you think that where # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: that Australia now is where all the potential is? 079: well I expect it is what this country was in the eighteen hundreds don't you interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 so much undeveloped # mm-hmm they say it's just beautiful just beautiful well we better get to our cards interviewer: #1 yes honey # 079: #2 huh # interviewer: I hate to keep taking up 079: #1 we'll visit the rest of the afternoon won't we sweetie # interviewer: #2 so much of your time but I'm afraid I could sit here and talk # 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 with you all day # 079: I know we could interviewer: did you go to the concert last night? 079: no but my sister did and she said it was just wonderful interviewer: I thought you might be involved 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 in that # 079: #1 and for a number of years I helped sell tickets to it # interviewer: #2 you were telling me about it # 079: but I haven't done it in the last few years interviewer: #1 I gather that this organiz- # 079: #2 I'm not very music minded I just did it cause I was civic minded # interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: I gather that this organization is something like the Atlanta music 079: yes it is something like that baby sponsored these programs for uh I guess fifteen twenty years now interviewer: that's pretty worth while 079: yeah it's good it brings good things to town interviewer: #1 well if there isn't an organization like # 079: #2 that we wouldn't get # interviewer: #1 that # 079: #2 mm-hmm it just doesn't you just don't get it # that's right interviewer: #1 well that's but # 079: #2 well now let's answer a little uh briefly # interviewer: {NW} 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # when your clothes get dirty uh what do you call the process you go through to get them clean again 079: well you just mean washing like if I'm gonna wash them myself or send them to the dry cleaners if I'm not gonna do it myself hmm interviewer: alright and after you wash them 079: then I iron them now if I'm just if I have a linen dress that is a little wrinkled but it isn't dirty I press that I had to make a distinction between pressing and ironing I iron something that's just been washed it's gotta be ironed but if the dress is a little wrinkled I press it {NW} interviewer: and what do you call this washing drying and ironing process uh called doing the 079: well you'd uh gu- I guess most people call it doing the laundry uh some people would say doing the washing I don't wash anything that I can help I send the sheets and pillow cases and everything and towels to the laundry and just wash underclothes so I don't do a big washing but a lot of people if they yes now if they do uh use a l- uh washing machine and they have a lot of children I hear 'em say oh I do two and three loads a week something like that so they'd speak of it that way interviewer: what do you call the part of a house that extends in front of it 079: #1 the porch # interviewer: #2 um # right do you make a distinction or do you know of 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 people who do # between the front and the back 079: no not in this area I would say wouldn't you now if you lived in in Charleston you might speak of the garry or something but uh we would m- we'd say front porch and back porch interviewer: #1 the garry would be what? # 079: #2 that'd be the only distinction # uh to my mind the gallery is a long porch like on those houses in Charleston interviewer: mm-hmm 079: something like that interviewer: does it make a difference if a porch has a roof or not 079: yes we would speak of one that didn't have a roof as a terrace wouldn't we or a patio or something of the sort interviewer: and whether it's screened or not screened? 079: #1 no I don't believe I'd make any distinction there # interviewer: #2 or {X} # 079: except to speak of a screened porch interviewer: and how about size does this make a difference in terminology? 079: you mean if it were interviewer: if it were large or long 079: oh size first I thought you said {X} no I don't believe I'd have any difference I'd just say a large porch she has a big porch or a large porch I don't believe I'd have any distinction in terminology interviewer: if your front door were open you might say to someone? 079: #1 close the door # interviewer: #2 can you # 079: close it uh except I might say shut the door but most of the time we'd say close the door I believe interviewer: what do you call the outside boards that are on a house usually wood but they could be aluminum 079: I call it weather boarding we did as we were growing up and now the term siding aluminum siding has come in interviewer: do you think of siding as being only aluminum or could it be wood too 079: I would think of it just as aluminum I believe uh some people might well think of it as wood but if it were if it were wood I'd either call it shingles or uh old fashioned weather boarding interviewer: now let's talk about the word drive 079: alright interviewer: today I will get in the car 079: #1 and drive # interviewer: #2 and # 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 there we go again # 079: {NW} interviewer: yesterday I 079: drove interviewer: and many times {NS} 079: #1 I have # interviewer: #2 I have # 079: driven interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 I put in a good word # to get {D: Adi Terry} Mister John Walrickem's uh stepdaughter interviewer: #1 oh did he # 079: #2 who lives with him # uh to well he wasn't scared but now that would scare him you see interviewer: #1 yes now this is # 079: #2 he'd be afraid he'd say it wrong # bless his heart interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: and this is something sometime we 079: I I would omit it with people I thought didn't know {NW} interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: uh what do you call the top part of the house the extreme top part 079: #1 well just are you thinking of the roof # interviewer: #2 on the outside {NS} # 079: mm-hmm interviewer: and what are the {NS} channels by which the water is taken from the roof 079: #1 I call the term gutter # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: call them gutter pipes sometimes interviewer: what are the lowplaces between the gables on a roof called? 079: hmm let me think well I can't even think of a word honey that I want to say I just can't say what would I say interviewer: um 079: {NW} I don't know what word you're trying to make me say interviewer: #1 uh what about when # 079: #2 you you can say something # and I'll say whether it's common usage with me interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: uh it's a word I'm thinking of sometimes you think of hills as versus 079: valleys interviewer: do you ever hear that 079: I wouldn't think of calling it that I don't believe maybe I just never called that anything {NW:laughing} could couldn't think of a word interviewer: #1 I'm afraid I've never called it # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 anything # 079: #2 uh-huh # {NW} interviewer: what do you call an outdoor toilet 079: I'd just call it an outdoor toilet now there are different words for it never could bear the word privy I think that sounds horrible but that is what a lot of people call it used to call it years ago when they had that but if I were gone tell anybody that I went to a very primitive place {X} an outside or outdoor toilet I'd say mm-hmm interviewer: uh did you that noise 079: did you hear interviewer: yes I 079: heard {NW} interviewer: as a matter of fact I have heard 079: heard it many times {NW} interviewer: now if you really wanted to tell me 079: mm-hmm interviewer: that you had not heard this before and you wanted to emphasize the fact that you had not you might say I 079: Have never heard that before or that's the first time I ever heard that or I've never heard of that interviewer: when a person gets married he says to the minister I 079: do or I will I do I believe interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: I don't chew tobacco but he 079: he does or he chews tobacco interviewer: he used to smoke but now he 079: he does not interviewer: have you any more work to do in the field no I it yesterday 079: I did it yesterday interviewer: #1 and # 079: #2 or I finished yesterday # interviewer: then I'd say are you sure and you say yes I have 079: finished I have done it interviewer: alright if someone asks you are you absolutely sure and inside you really weren't all that sure 079: mm-hmm interviewer: you might say to them no I'm not? 079: positive I'm not absolutely certain interviewer: then uh if someone asks you did you talk to him recently you might say yes I talking to him yesterday 079: I was talking to him yesterday interviewer: and if someone if I asked you did I talk to him you might say yes you 079: talked to him yesterday interviewer: #1 or # 079: #2 or you did talk to him # interviewer: #1 or using the {X} # 079: #2 you have talked to him # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 you talking # 079: #2 but if I # interviewer: #1 u-using talking you # 079: #2 you what # interviewer: #1 talking # 079: #2 you were talking # to him yesterday interviewer: have you thought about that today you might say I thinking since I got out of bed about that 079: I have been thinking interviewer: what do y- is another term that you would use for your home referring just to the building you might say my? 079: my house interviewer: and if you had two of them 079: #1 my houses # interviewer: #2 you might say # what is the large building on a farm that's usually used to house animals? 079: generally called a barn now sometimes you speak of a stable that's more just for horses I believe interviewer: uh is there a particular shape that you think of 079: #1 yes you think of # interviewer: #2 when you think of a barn # 079: uh rectangular oblong shape most barns are mm-hmm interviewer: and what do you an area just outside a barn 079: barnyard interviewer: is this fenced is this a fenced area 079: generally in my imagination it would be on a farm there'd be a fence around it an enclosure generally around a barn I believe interviewer: what do you call a building used to store corn 079: crib interviewer: and what is the upper part of the barn called? 079: the loft interviewer: alright can you describe what a loft looks like? 079: it is um generally floored with rough planking and not uh sealed or anything overhead just the rafters showing and the sloped roof of course is sloping interviewer: what about openings? 079: um let me see generally at the front and back there would be uh uh maybe a door that opened the hay could be brought up through or something like that and big barns might have windows along the side interviewer: what do you call the object that's formed when hay is mowed and then dragged together it's formed into 079: #1 hay # interviewer: #2 what # 079: hay stacks sometimes and i-is mow is M-O-W hay mow is that right word for that I think I'd just say it's in see the hay stacks I think I'd say interviewer: does the word change at all according to the size of it i-i-if it were very small ones would you call them something different 079: well now Did we say hay is that what we're talking about? uh depends uh here we've got uh whether these modern machines makes it up in a bale as it goes interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 that'd be smaller {NW} # interviewer: {X} a little more primitive 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: I can't think of a word for a small a small stack of hay interviewer: do you you don't think of one 079: now what word have you got in mind interviewer: #1 well um # 079: #2 I'll tell you # if I ever heard it interviewer: well not really but have heard ever heard of haycock 079: I've heard that but it's not in my vocabulary I wouldn't use it I haven't seen it enough in print I I uh maybe remember sometime seeing it but it's not common to me at all interviewer: alright what do you call the places if there's more than one where hay is stored in a barn? 079: hayloft yeah I guess that's about the only think I can think of interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what do you call a shelter for cows 079: other than a barn or interviewer: #1 other than the # 079: #2 stable # interviewer: #1 the barn # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # cow pen sometimes where you have a cow enclosed or something um course now you're not thinking of a dairy interviewer: no but now are there separate barns sometimes where cows are kept 079: I suppose so if anybody had even had enough to be a dairy just had several cows but I don't think about anything but just the barn interviewer: is there a special name for a building where cows would be taken to be milked? 079: cattle shed maybe no cow barn is sometimes a term cow is put in front of a barn that's all I can think of honey interviewer: alright uh do you know of an equipment that's used in milking 079: {NW} I'm not much of a farmer interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # #1 yeah it usually hangs # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 I used to could milk # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 {NW} both my hands # interviewer: #2 {NW} that's beautiful equipment # 079: {NW} and of course today they have milk- milking machines {NW} interviewer: alright 079: hmm interviewer: what is um the animal that's raised on a farm for pork? 079: hog interviewer: and what's the enclosure where they are? 079: uh pigsty of pig pen interviewer: what about a farm and I think perhaps you mentioned this a minute ago that keeps cows for 079: #1 yeah a dairy # interviewer: #2 milking purposes? # and do you know wh-what do you think of when you say dairy? do you think of what I just said? 079: #1 I # interviewer: #2 or um # 079: if you say somebody runs a dairy I think of the big barn and the cows and equipment that they'd have and the cream separators and what not mm-hmm interviewer: now do you make a distinction between the dairy as a dairy farm and the dairy as the people wh-who deliver milk 079: yes today they'd be at the station there are some dairies that are just the business organization the cows the milk and that it's not part of a farm or anything there are some dairies that it's a man who owns a farm and has a large number of cows and sells the milk and in a way you think of it in a little different connection one is a completely just a commercial enterprise for the selling of milk and the other is part of a farm maybe interviewer: but you'd probably refer to them both as dairies? 079: yes I expect so that farmer runs a dairy we'd say mm-hmm interviewer: #1 and just the con- and the context # 079: #2 or has a dairy yeah # interviewer: #1 would really tell you # 079: #2 mm-hmm tell you which you mean # interviewer: alright what do you call the weed that's grown and chopped up to put in to be put inside cigarettes? 079: tobacco interviewer: and what do you call the area where there it is grown? {NS} 079: #1 the the area um # interviewer: #2 the small area where it's grown # 079: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 079: let me see something other than a field tobacco I don't believe that word's comes to me honey interviewer: alright 079: now now tell me what you had in mind interviewer: #1 uh how bout patch # 079: #2 and see # no I'd say a cotton patch but I wouldn't say a tobacco patch interviewer: you would 079: uh now I don't don't people may say it that live where tobacco is raised but I wouldn't uh I'd just say look at that field of tobacco I guess interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 I don't think I'd have anything else # interviewer: #1 is there # 079: #2 to in mind # interviewer: besides cotton that you would use in 079: #1 patch # interviewer: #2 re- referring # 079: yes corn patch we speak of a corn patch and a cotton patch but I don't believe anything else {X} interviewer: does patch mean size really do you determine patch by how big the field 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 area is? # 079: yes perhaps if it was a great big field of cotton we wouldn't say a cotton patch uh or a great big field of corn I believe it's it tends to be a smaller area interviewer: do you have any other descriptions for fields 079: #1 one thing I thought of another kind of patch # interviewer: #2 or {X} # 079: briar patch born and bred in the briar patch interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 briar rabbit # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 yeah yeah {NW} # uh any other term for field did you say interviewer: any other terms that you might use for fields to distinguish their size I'm wondering 079: let me think there are things I've read and all some big farms they'd speak of a quarter section or something that they had in in cotton or corn great big farms in the west where they had great big areas of cotton uh and where it's laid off in sections and quarter sections but it's not here in this area so I guess I'd just say a large field mm-hmm interviewer: would you name as many different kinds of fences that you can think of? according to their construct- 079: #1 well # interviewer: #2 the material used # 079: #1 old time rail fence # interviewer: #2 in their construction # 079: and wire fence of course which would include a lot of different kinds of wire fences then the kinds of fences they used to have around everybody's yard called a picket fence that was in town that wasn't in the country and then just a plain old board fence that's planks but not a not a what's that first one I said not a rai- not a rail fence interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} {X} like this way or that way # interviewer: #1 right # 079: #2 {NW} # I guess that's about uh interviewer: what would you call a fence around an area where you grew vegetables 079: well now let me see oh you thinking bout a garden fence mm-mm interviewer: and what do you call the uprighting for between which you string the wire 079: the posts interviewer: #1 and- # 079: #2 fence posts # would be my way of interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 saying it # mm-hmm interviewer: uh is there are there synonyms for rail fences that you think of? 079: uh now there's something else we call it beside a rail fence seems to me look at that old {NW} can't think of anything but rail interviewer: #1 alright um # 079: #2 but see # there is another word do you another word in mind? interviewer: no 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 not particularly # is are there different ty- constructions of rail fences? 079: #1 well not not in my mind # interviewer: #2 the way they are built # 079: the rail fence is the logs you know interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 laying # this way and that way and this way and that way with no nails having to hold 'em mm-hmm interviewer: but there's no other way that they could be put together that you think of 079: not that I would think of as I speak of a rail fence that's what I mean the one's just laid up that way interviewer: alright now now I think maybe we're getting in something that is easier for you 079: #1 I know a little more about # interviewer: #2 kitchen type terms # 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # men generally know more about farming 079: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 a little bit more about but # men can certainly be bewildered about kitchen 079: #1 yes I expect so # interviewer: #2 terms # 079: #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 uh if you were # trying to distinguish for someone the two types of dishes that you had 079: mm-hmm interviewer: you would have company dishes of course 079: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 and your # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 everyday dishes # in referring to your company dishes you might say my? 079: good china interviewer: and what do you call the round usually white object that you would but in a hen's nest to urge her to 079: #1 um # interviewer: #2 get with it and lay? # 079: call 'em nest eggs china eggs we used to have 'em I think we spo- ko- spoke both of 'em as china eggs interviewer: alright what do you call 079: I'd forgotten about them I hadn't thought of that in years and years interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # It was supposed to encourage them to lay by it interviewer: #1 well it's supposed to make 'em think # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {X} {NW} # interviewer: #1 power of positive thinking # 079: #2 that's right that's right # interviewer: I wonder if they still use those at all? 079: I expect so interviewer: #1 some people {X} # 079: #2 I expect so people that raise # these layers you know hens for eggs I expect they do hmm interviewer: did they use the same thing for darning or was that a different sort 079: a darning egg that was a smooth sort of a thing it wasn't um well now Mama had a little gourd that was so smooth that she used for a darning egg as we called it but you bought them uh but they weren't like an egg that you put in the nest the white china egg they were generally mm-mm sometimes they were on a little handle and you held the little handle interviewer: #1 oh I see # 079: #2 {NW} the # stocking down over it and held it in your hand that way people don't darn stocking anymore interviewer: #1 no they don't # 079: #2 do we # interviewer: I think my mother was the last of the 079: #1 yeah Mama could # interviewer: #2 darners # 079: darn so pretty interviewer: #1 mother taught me how # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 but I don't believe I could do that # 079: #2 yeah {NW} # interviewer: what do you call the utensil that you would use to bring water in from a well? 079: bucket now some people call that a not a {X} that's for a sack isn't it I think I can use another term for bucket that some people in the country use course you can say pail in some areas interviewer: does this make a difference are they synonyms or 079: #1 well I d- # interviewer: #2 you make a distinction? # 079: would never use the word pail uh I would use bucket and bucket would be any fair size container to bring water in carry water in mm-hmm interviewer: and where would you put in what sort of container would you put the food scraps that you had left from a meal 079: I would call that my garbage can interviewer: what do you call the utensil that's put on a stove uh and you usually melt grease in it and put something 079: #1 skillet # interviewer: #2 in it # alright and and it's another name 079: #1 frying pan # interviewer: #2 for it # alright what do you call a heavy iron pot that's used or had been used on a stove to boil water? 079: well we used to speak of it now the people up North call it a kettle but we called it in the South we call it a pot cause my mother spoke of a kettle she didn't call it a pot she called it an iron kettle interviewer: #1 and # 079: #2 the big # black ones that we used to boil beans in when we were children to Mama that was an iron kettle but to our neighbors it was a pot interviewer: now is this different from the sma- things that we call tea kettles? 079: #1 yeah yeah yes # interviewer: #2 now a days # 079: #1 you probably never saw a kettle honey # interviewer: #2 how how # 079: #1 like I'm talking about # interviewer: #2 I probably never have # 079: well they were they were about this big around and about this tall and they were black just like a black skillet now you've seen a black interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 skillet # iron skillet well that's what they were they were iron pots and Mama cooked all her vegetables in those iron kettles she called it we called an iron pot interviewer: did they cook so much I have 079: #1 oh they cooked 'em for hours honey # interviewer: #2 {X} it was # um my mother's old iron skillets 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 cook # better than 079: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 any # 079: #1 and and I can tell you right now # interviewer: #2 the kettles cook that way # 079: string beans cooking in those little iron pots were good cooks 'em about three hours they ought to be interviewer: #1 I imagine so # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what did you season them with? 079: salt pork uh well now there's a the term that varies in different areas uh Mama called it bulk meat B-U-L-K bulk meat that was in Ohio uh people in this area who we knew when we were growing up called it fat back or side meat or boiling meat they called it boiling meat a lot of times now I never called it boiling meat but a lot of people would interviewer: #1 are they all the same? # 079: #2 see my my # uh-huh my language is a mixture of things that Mama said coming from Ohio and things that Papa said and that she picked up here you see of course we lived here always we were born here but still we had a friend I think I told you several years ago who would uh laugh at some of the things we said because it was strange to him because there were some of Mama's expressions that we didn't even realize we were using differently from anybody else interviewer: #1 uh where was your father from # 079: #2 `so um # he was born here in Rome interviewer: #1 was he # 079: #2 he was second generation Rome uh-huh # and uh his people came from Carolina and uh interviewer: #1 how did he where did he and your mother meet # 079: #2 so we're settled all through all that # interviewer: #1 did she come here he went there # 079: #2 uh Pap- Mama had come # Mama lived up in Ohio and she had come south to trim she wanted to come south one reason thought maybe the climate would be good for her brother who was sick {D: but he didn't} did come but she came south and she was a milliner she had been trained at the wholesale uh house in Cincinnati she lived in Columbus Ohio and it was a regular trade that young women learned then because every store every millinery store you know you remember a store that didn't sell anything but hats b-but townside Rome had four or five good millinery stores didn't sell 'em in department stores sold 'em in millinery stores and every spring and fall they got a trimmer to come in and trim up a whole lot of hats somebody who really knew the skill and trade and Mama knew it because knew it because she'd been trained in it and so she came south to trim and she boarded down here at the hotel which stood where the Forrest is now you know the hotel and Papa was boarding there because his mother had died and the family had broken up and so he was boarding there that's where they met just within a interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 stones throw right out our back door here # interviewer: #1 ha # 079: #2 is where they met # and uh so we ha- do have I say a lot of {X} would notice some things about our language that somebody that who both of who's parents have always lived here wouldn't interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 think about you see # see I I know that bulk meat if I went in the store and asked for bulk meat they might not know what I meant interviewer: oh I don't 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 think so # 079: and to me bulk meat is bulk meat it's salt pork it's fat back it's boiling meat {NW} see now number of different ways of calling it interviewer: what do you call a glass container that you would put flowers in? 079: vase interviewer: and when you sit down at the dinner table you will have three utensils to eat with 079: uh-huh interviewer: #1 would you like to # 079: #2 knife fork and spoon # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: and if you had two of the sharp utensil they would be? 079: you mean two knives or are you thinking about two forks uh-huh two knives interviewer: after you work in a barn it's necessary that you do something to your hands before you eat 079: that you wash your hands interviewer: uh what uh can you summarize for me the activities that would follow having a large dinner uh the cleaning up process 079: yes I would say we'd clear the table first and then we would uh scrape the dishes and um put the scraps in our pail our garbage pail covered container and then we put them in the dishwasher {NW} today years ago we would have got the dishpan full of hot soapy water and then washed them and rinsed them and then we spoke of drying them putting them away and um any other terms that interviewer: no that that's just 079: #1 covered # interviewer: #2 just fine # if you wanted to say that she um I washed the 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 dishes # and she 079: #1 dried them # interviewer: #2 not drys but the # 079: #1 wiped them # interviewer: #2 next one # uh no usually the same person does this 079: #1 rinse # interviewer: #2 but # 079: #1 would rinse them # interviewer: #2 yes she would she # 079: she rinsed them interviewer: uh present tense 079: she will rinse rinse them I rinse dishes after I wash them interviewer: alright uh would you give me some terms for the equipment that you would use to clean dishes uh pieces of cloth 079: #1 I would speak of the dish cloth # interviewer: #2 or a scraper # 079: or a sponge that I might have sponge and the tea towel or dish towel to dry them dish pan to wash 'em in if I don't have a dishwasher #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # any um hard objects that you might use? 079: I can't what you're thinking about interviewer: to help get the 079: #1 oh like like a scraper of some kind # interviewer: #2 if you're doing it by hand # yes 079: #1 yes yes yes mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 if you were doing it by hand # 079: #1 might have a # interviewer: #2 would you # wh- when you were growing up did you have anything of this sort of of scraping to help get them 079: #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 clean # 079: remember that now today we have to scrape a pan or anything we have a little soap pad interviewer: #1 yes # 079: #2 you know # things of that sort interviewer: I wonder if we had anything 079: #1 we didn't grow up with those # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: good ol' octagon soap was our standby interviewer: #1 yes # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: my mother washed clothes with octagon soap 079: #1 octagon soap {X} # interviewer: #2 for years # 079: #1 and I had an aunt # interviewer: #2 we'd cut it up in little pieces # 079: who used it for her face and she had the most beautiful complexion there was interviewer: really 079: she loved that strong octagon soap for her face interviewer: #1 for her skin {X} # 079: #2 oh soft as it could be # interviewer: oh 079: isn't that funny all of which goes to show all these commercials don't mean a thing interviewer: #1 that's right absolutely right` # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: would you name as many different kinds of towels that you can think of? 079: well I would have bath towel a hand towel a tea towel a guest towel did I say a dish towel interviewer: I think so 079: mm-hmm uh that's all I can think of interviewer: alright what would you call the handles that you would turn to make water come out 079: faucet interviewer: and the part the water came out of 079: if I were gonna mention it I'd call it a spigot interviewer: alright we're talking about the word burst today the water pipe 079: today the water pipe burst interviewer: yesterday a different one 079: burst interviewer: and several of them this winter have 079: had burst interviewer: what is the wooden container that's used for example to store flour in large {D:lots} 079: bin maybe interviewer: uh well I'm thinking 079: #1 or uh uh # interviewer: #2 maybe of a round # container 079: what's it called hmm interviewer: I I don't think you'd have them in your home but I think probably they would store them would have stored flour this way in a general store 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 um it's wooden with # 079: #1 uh now was it were they in barrels # interviewer: #2 iron rings around it # 079: flour barrel yes you spoke of the flour barrel didn't you yes you should see a barrel seen a barrel it's been years since I've seen a bucket except our mop bucket interviewer: {NW} 079: but a regular bucket like you used to see so much is perfectly cylindrical um so many things came in it in buckets when we were children but you don't use buckets today uh the nearest to it is the container for crisco or something and it's not a bucket anymore interviewer: #1 no # 079: #2 used to have a handle on it you know # interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 I hadn't thought about that # 079: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 {X} the plastic # 079: #2 lot of things change # that we don't got that good plastic top and all you know interviewer: that hasn't that's been around for a 079: #1 yup # interviewer: #2 while # 079: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 that hasn't changed just # 079: #1 no not not that's right lately # interviewer: #2 recently very recently # #1 mm-mm # 079: #2 the # interviewer: the buckets you were saying uh the ki- I have a galvanized 079: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 bucket # 079: #1 {X} mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 but it's the {X} up # 079: mm-hmm interviewer: #1 now there were buckets {X} # 079: #2 but lot of things used to be in buckets # about this big around and about that tall and they were brass looking gold looking or brass looking on the inside and I don't know what came in 'em or why we always happened to have a bucket around but we did now those buckets have just practically gone out interviewer: that's right 079: just like barrels have modern child's hardly ever seen a wooden barrel w- wouldn't know what barrel staves were or anything interviewer: oh that's right 079: mm-hmm interviewer: what would you call a small barrel for example that you might keep nails in? 079: keg interviewer: and what would you call I believe they're metal containers that a general store would have kept molasses or lard in 079: now let's think honey a syrup molasses {D: that would be} interviewer: #1 I think of it # 079: #2 can # interviewer: in terms of lard my mother 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 had some # and she called 'em lard 079: #1 lard # interviewer: #2 somethings # 079: I can't think now different kinds of lard used to come in buckets uh {D:coquelin} and stuff like that interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 this is before you were born # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 uh # I don't know what you've got in mind interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 I don't believe # interviewer: have you heard of lard stands? 079: What now? interviewer: lard stands 079: stand no now the word stand doesn't mean a thing to me in that connection now I can use it in a connection, you probably don't know, this may be northern uh do you ever call a little table a stand well now Mama'd say bring that little stand out of the room interviewer: I think somebody in my family does that 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 but I can't think who # 079: might have might have been handed down to them somewhere interviewer: well mother got some metal containers with lids that pushed down very hard 079: mm-hmm interviewer: on them they were sealed almost sealed 079: uh-huh interviewer: they were about so high 079: {D: stand} interviewer: and about so big around 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 that you called # them lard stands 079: S-T-A-N-D interviewer: mm-hmm 079: no that's not in my vocabulary or experience at all that wouldn't mean a thing to me interviewer: if you had some liquid that you wanted to transfer from one bottle to another and one of the bottles had a very narrow neck you might put something in it 079: a little funnel interviewer: and what is the leather implement that you use you might crack it to make a horse go faster? 079: a whip interviewer: and what would you say if you wanted to use this word in referring to giving a child a spanking? 079: I'd say give him a whipping {NW} interviewer: do you do you really use this very much as a verb um 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 for a child? # 079: I think it's used you hear parents someone say if you do that I'll whip you and sometimes I say to my boys and they say I think I'm gone do something what you do to me if I do it I say I'll just whip you that's just for fun you know interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 but uh yes it's it's common enough usage # interviewer: alright what is the material that a bag or a sack that's not cloth is made of 079: uh leather interviewer: #1 uh # 079: #2 perhaps you're thinking of a pocket book # interviewer: #1 no I'm thinking of it like # 079: #2 sack or a bag like that # interviewer: #1 a grocery sack # 079: #2 uh grocery # well if it's not paper interviewer: that's it 079: well we have a good many of cellophane today you thinking of that interviewer: no paper was just fine 079: {D: well} interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 didn't remember whether you said paper or not # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 now # one thing about that whipping and spanking Mama never would say that she whipped us she spanked us when we were little but she didn't whip us she didn't like that term interviewer: #1 I was wondering about that distinction # 079: #2 uh-huh uh-huh # interviewer: #1 if people made that distinction # 079: #2 yeah there is a distinction there I think # interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # interviewer: uh what is the term if you can think of one for a very heavy cloth sack 079: burlap sack or a toe sack or um can't think of anything else interviewer: alright what do you call is there a term that's used for the amount of say corn that you would mill at one time or that you would take to the mill at one time? 079: I don't think of anything but a load of corn take a load of corn to the mill a load of cotton interviewer: have you ever heard of a turn of corn 079: no I never heard that term interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 maybe # cotton on the farm around here maybe but I haven't heard it interviewer: alright uh is there a term that you think of to refer to a partial load of say wood of coal the point being that it's a partial load rather than a full 079: #1 no # interviewer: #2 load # 079: I don't think of any one word what what do you have in mind well if you have anything in mind I'd like to know cause I can tell you whether I ever heard it or used it though I might not bring it to mind cause you're asking me interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: what would you call the amount of wood that you could carry at one time uh by hand 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 you might say I have a # 079: well we always said a load of wood bring in a load of wood we'd say now somebody else may have some other terminology for that but that's all we would have used and when we were children you brought in a load of wood very often cause you had to fill up the wood box cause we cooked with it you see interviewer: did you use the word load rather than say armload or 079: yes we'd just say a load how many loads of wood did you bring in we'd say interviewer: {NW} you kept track of 079: #1 mm-hmm oh yes we # interviewer: #2 each other # 079: worked hard to get th- wood all in before Papa came home so he'd be proud of us interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} interviewer: what do you call the implement that is usually now made of plastic but could be made of wicker that you would for example put clothes in when you 079: #1 hamper # interviewer: #2 brought them in off the line? # 079: a hamper a hamper or a clothes basket interviewer: what were the metal or bone round objects that were put usually in petticoats in plantation days 079: #1 hoops # interviewer: #2 so the girls # 079: hoops yeah interviewer: and can you tell me some terms for bottle stoppers? 079: cork and can't think of I don't know if I know of any other one that I'd use a screwtop or something on some of these bottles that have a screw top interviewer: alright what is the musical instrument that is played by breathing in and out and moving the instrument across your mouth? 079: Now is that a flute? uh interviewer: more of a country Johnny Cash plays 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 one {NW} # instea- with his guitar 079: I can't think of what you want me to say interviewer: it has it's a flat 079: not a mouth organ not a a harmonica interviewer: that's 079: the harmonica interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 that's more of what you had in mind mm-mm # interviewer: do you think of any other words that are used for it? 079: uh seem like there's something else now a jew's-harp is a different thing it's a twangy little thing that you play now people call a harmonica a jew's-harp but its not interviewer: I think that's what 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 what we were thinking # 079: #1 I don't think of anything other # interviewer: #2 some people might use # 079: seem like there's interviewer: have you ever heard of um it being called a french harp 079: french harp yes I have heard it called that but that I don't expect I'd call it that but I know what you mean mm-hmm interviewer: do you is that um would you say southern Rome Georgia type usage or would you have heard it from somewhere else? 079: a french harp I don't believe that's in too common usage if I went in the store and wanted one I think I'd say a harmonica #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 okay # 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # what is the instrument that you use to drive nails? 079: hammer interviewer: and can you name me as many parts of a wagon as you can think of? 079: well let me see there's the uh the bed you speak of it the part the th- that holds the stuff the springs the wheels the tongue that goes out that you hitch the mules to the seat um the now there's something else I'm trying to think of piece there down underneath been some time since I've seen any wagons {NW} interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 that's about all I can think of right off # interviewer: what do you call in a buggy the two pieces that stick out front that you 079: #1 the uh # interviewer: #2 put the horse between? # 079: put the horse between the my gosh have I forgotten that as many the times as I've hitched up I can't think interviewer: shafts 079: what what shafts of course interviewer: {NW} 079: could've thought of it if I wouldn't have had to interviewer: what is uh have you ever heard of a wippletree 079: whistle tr- interviewer: #1 wippletree # 079: #2 wipple # wippletree that's what I was trying to think of or is it whiffle interviewer: #1 I I # 079: #2 wipple I believe wippletree # back there is something in the buggy but maybe the thing the shafts it fastens on to I believe that gives I'm not interviewer: I don't 079: kinda forgetting about my horse and buggy I drove back around nineteen eighteen but that had been some time interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # we had an old white horse {X} interviewer: uh what do you call the outside part of a wheel on a wagon? 079: #1 the rim # interviewer: #2 the the # 079: I guess you just call it the rim mm-hmm interviewer: uh is do you remember the wooden part that was inside of the rim? 079: that's inside the rim now let's think a minute I don't can't think of a term for that I may have known it as a child the spokes of the wheel and the axle but I don't think of what you interviewer: have you ever heard of a folley? 079: folley? interviewer: mm-hmm 079: no interviewer: #1 connection with a wheel # 079: #2 is that a term? # no that was never used around me as as a child and we as I say always had either a buggy or a carriage now we ne- had a wagon we lived one time in the country for about a year and a half interviewer: alright do can you think of some terms that are used for the process of hauling wood or hauling anything? 079: like a dray interviewer: well maybe 079: #1 haul it in with a dray # interviewer: #2 the process of hauling # some synonyms maybe for hauling 079: well let me see now uh in town moving things transfer company or something like that but I can't think of what you trying to get at honey interviewer: alright 079: to haul any to haul some lumber one place or another I just say haul now any time that you wanna suggest a word interviewer: #1 I I will {NW} # 079: #2 I'll tell you if it's common usage or not # even if I can't think of it still it might be something that as a child I heard a lot you know interviewer: alright uh now we're gonna talk about another word 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 drag # 079: drag I'd will drag it now and I dragged it yesterday and I had dragged it many times interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 now some people say drug or something # but that's not a interviewer: #1 and today I # 079: #2 uh uh # interviewer: am going to 079: still talking about drag so we'll drag it interviewer: #1 right {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: I'll just give you the word and you can give me the principle parts 079: {NW} yeah interviewer: what is the instrument that's used on a farm to turn soil? 079: plow interviewer: and do you know any different kinds of plows? 079: well of course there are some little hand plows a little hand instrument that people have that they can push and uh of course plow that you drive a hitch a mule or a horse to and of course got a mechanical plow but I don't think of another name maybe I should but interviewer: alright um what is the implement that's used to break up clods? 079: well now let me think a hoe we'd use that some interviewer: #1 one that a horse might pull # 079: #2 a pick # that a horse uh uh wait a harrow interviewer: alright do you think of a term that could be used in the process of sawing wood for what you would put say um if you had um a tree with the branches taken off 079: mm interviewer: a long 079: #1 big log uh-huh # interviewer: #2 log # alright if you wanted to saw this into sections you might put in on something 079: well you thinking about saw horses uh which uh well you know what they are right? interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 wooden {NW} # interviewer: #1 yes uh-huh # 079: #2 wooden things that you put something across on # um now I don't think of not something you'd put it on interviewer: #1 mm-mm can you think of # 079: #2 you ready to saw # interviewer: anything on a farm in particularly that might be used? 079: well I don't if I can't think of what you've got in mind interviewer: do you think of any kind of frame anything but the word frame 079: #1 no # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 079: nothing there that's familiar to me interviewer: does either A frame or X frame mean 079: #1 no # interviewer: #2 anything # 079: that doesn't mean anything to me interviewer: alright in the morning when you get up uh you may comb your hair but then you have another 079: #1 brush # interviewer: #2 instrument # alright if you say that you are going to go through this process you might say I'm going to 079: I'm going to comb my hair or brush my hair I'm gone fix my hair I used to you put up your hair interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 I'm glad we don't do that anymore # 079: #2 yeah # interviewer: I imagine some of the girls now though 079: #1 yeah they've got {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 # interviewer: #2 # when you are using a rifle and you have shot the rifle 079: mm-hmm interviewer: then you eject something 079: #1 the cartridge # interviewer: #2 the leftover # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 alright # 079: what I know about rifles is purely reading too I barely interviewer: #1 I # 079: #2 I don't know # whether I've ever handled a firearm in my life interviewer: my father wanted me to learn 079: #1 well I think it's smart for people too # interviewer: #2 he bought me a rifle # 079: but we never kept I think at one time Papa had some kind of pistol or something but Mama made him get rid of it she said more people been killed by having one around than had been saved by having one around interviewer: #1 I agree # 079: #2 and I expect it's true # little boy was killed right here in Rome yesterday interviewer: really 079: he and his brother little brother were playing with a gun interviewer: oh no 079: #1 well it shouldn't have happened # interviewer: #2 how old were they # 079: ten or twelve maybe eight or ten I'm not sure just how old the little boy was interviewer: #1 pistol or # 079: #2 bout ten # what now interviewer: pistol or 079: I don't know what it was it was they spoke of a gun the children were playing with a gun now gun's a wide widely used term interviewer: #1 you should never have a gun around like that # 079: #2 mm-mm # interviewer: #1 particularly loaded or where they can load it # 079: #2 oh no # interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # interviewer: what is the construction that children make sometimes by perhaps using a sawhorse and a board and putting the board across 079: playhouse interviewer: uh no you put the board across the sawhorse and one gets on one end 079: oh a seesaw I thought you were building something interviewer: {NW} 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 well I did say construction # uh when the children are on the seesaw you say they are? 079: seesawing interviewer: can you think of any homemade play things that you had when you were a child 079: Papa made us a seesaw and he made us a flying Ginny interviewer: #1 what do you call a flying how'd you make # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 a flying Ginny # 079: #2 well it was # not one you'd see at the fair or anything but he put a post in the ground and then he had a fi- a nice plank smooth plank and he had a hole and a big bolt and everything and each end of that he had a little uh seat fixed sort of a handle across that you could hold a place we could sit and it would turn he had it so that it'd turn around easily and you'd somebody get in there and push you and oh you'd just go around it was more fun interviewer: {NW} 079: Papa made anything he made us a playhouse one time uh he had wood shed and he decided he'd uh build another woodshed and give us that one as a playhouse so he papered the walls and he made us furniture, our grandfather helped him he interviewer: #1 he was handy # 079: #2 he was a cabinet # oh yeah grandfather was a cabinet maker by trade interviewer: #1 really # 079: #2 cabinet maker # that was my Mama's father he had a buggy company in {X} Ohio {NW} when she was a little girl and made buggies and uh so he was a fine cabinet maker he could make all kinds of things I've got anything around that he made but uh he'd make tables like that interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 and uh things # he was just very skilled like that and they made us doll furniture and everything oh we had a good time interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 mm-mm # interviewer: that's wonderful how many children were there? 079: three of us three sisters interviewer: #1 three sisters # 079: #2 uh-huh and # just uh well I my Louise is the oldest she's a year and a half older than me and I'm two years older than Ruth so see we were close together interviewer: oh yes 079: and we did everything together interviewer: and being 079: #1 and still do # interviewer: #2 girls # 079: #1 yeah do everything yeah # interviewer: #2 well yeah I guess so # 079: #1 {NW} uh-huh it made it nice # interviewer: #2 being girls that really worked out # 079: cause we certainly did enjoy playing together interviewer: #1 oh that's really # 079: #2 mm-hmm # and children played more in those days than they do today cause they didn't have TV and they didn't have as many other things outside things to amuse them and you played you made up things that you played yourself you played dolls and you played cowboys and you played Indians and you played this and you played that interviewer: you think we were more creative 079: #1 yes I think there was # interviewer: #2 then in what they do # 079: Believe there was mm-hmm interviewer: did you have very many bought toys? 079: well we always did had nice things we got at Christmas and all but now Mama and Papa couldn't afford three dollar carriages so we had one three dollar carriage and we all played with it interviewer: #1 did you have any trouble # 079: #2 and uh # interviewer: Did you share that? 079: yeah, we were right good I guess we {X} 079: and too they ought to have to look forward to something and uh Interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 what # Christmas used to be that was the time you got things and you didn't expect to get things every time you went downtown or something Interviewer: did you get things for your birthday too? 079: yes we always got things for our birthday Papa always gave us a book on our birthday Interviewer: did he? 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: how nice 079: {NW} Interviewer: what do you call the small container that's used to hold coal near a stove? 079: scuttle haven't seen one in forty years {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 not that long but a long time {NW} # Interviewer: and what is the part of the stove that extends upward and into the wall and then 079: the stove pipe you thinking Interviewer: #1 I think your phone's ringing # 079: #2 it is I guess I could have # sorry honey Interviewer: I'm sorry it's my fault 079: well now how maybe you got some languages you wouldn't have gotten otherwise {NS} uh people up north uh in Ohio {X} they go in the machine they call their car the machine now that's quite common especially it was ten twelve fifteen years ago and probably still is today I visited up there more few years ago then I do now but uh {X} they didn't say car they said machine well let's go in the machine now it seems like car is so much simpler but that was the difference in language in a different area Interviewer: would you ever in conversation use the word automobile? 079: hardly use it at all today do we we just say car all the time he has a new car that certainly is a pretty car what kind of car did he have um we might speak of automobile industry now that's about the only place Interviewer: #1 I see # 079: #2 that we # but I'd say an automobile dealer but most likely we'd say a car dealer Interviewer: #1 yeah that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # a used car dealer mm-hmm Interviewer: um alright for the benefit of this can we back up 079: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 would you tell me the # portable 079: #1 oh yes # Interviewer: #2 stuff that you use to # 079: the portable thing would be a whetstone and a grindstone is a more elaborate uh instrument for sharpening things and what else did we say Interviewer: um we were talking about how they were mo- how they were propelled 079: oh and sometimes they had a little treadle thing on it that you could uh do with your foot and keep both hands free to work but sometimes it turned you turned it with one wheel with one hand and held which thing you gone sharpen with the other hand Interviewer: alright uh every so often your car needs some maintenance uh it needs its oil changed and i- it needs um a lubrication but a slang term for this would be 079: #1 needs a a grease job mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 some kind of job # and if you give a car a grease job your hands get awfully 079: greasy oily hmm Interviewer: what did you use to what did you burn in lights before there was electricity 079: kerosene {X} wait kerosene's a southern term coal oil now there's another coal oil Mama called it you ever hear anything called coal oil? Interviewer: my mother calls it coal oil 079: does she? Interviewer: is it the same as kerosene? 079: yeah but now kerosene's a southern isn't it? Interviewer: um I don't really know yes I believe I believe coal oil is what Mama called it and kerosene was what it was called here the other way around now whichever your Mama 079: #1 i- if your people # Interviewer: #2 well my Mama's from Tennessee # 079: #1 well well that's close enough to Georgia than people think # Interviewer: #2 that doesn't mean anything # 079: #1 {NW] # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # what is a word that's used for putting a boat in the water? #1 somehow you use it when you're trying to # 079: #2 a big boat be to launch a boat # Interviewer: alright would you name {NS} some different kinds of boats that you think of 079: well uh we used to speak of a bateau is that my phone again {NW} Interviewer: if you were carrying garden supplies around and you didn't have a garden cart you might put them in a 079: wheelbarrow Interviewer: if someone asked you if you were going downtown you might say yes I 079: am going Interviewer: and if you wanted to say that you and your 079: #1 I went yesterday # Interviewer: #2 sister were # 079: #1 oh pardon me # Interviewer: #2 no {NW} # 079: #1 jumping the gun jumping the gun uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 you're jumping the gun on me on this one # if you wanted to say that you and your sister were going you might say we 079: we went Interviewer: uh present 079: we are going Interviewer: alright if you were {NS} a little bit concerned say you you come from a big family and your mother was cooking dinner maybe frying chicken uh and there were not you didn't think there were quite enough pieces to go around you might ask your mother if you were going to get some if there was going to be enough for you and you might say Mama um 079: mm let me think will there be any for me? will there be any left will there be enough to go around Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW] # Interviewer: #1 uh if you were # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: handing your child his clothes in the morning uh and you wanted just to say something as you handed to you might say here your clothes here's something your clothes 079: I don't know whether I know just what you've got in mind or not Interviewer: using the word to be the verb to be you might 079: #1 here are your clothes # Interviewer: #2 say # alright uh then if you wanted to say if if someone said to you 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 for example # Jimmy Carter's going to make a really great governor and you didn't really agree you might say well I don't think so but they're blank many people who 079: there are many people who think he will Interviewer: how were you satisfied with the election? 079: #1 well I voted # Interviewer: #2 by the way # 079: for the other one what's his name {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 uh # Interviewer: #1 Hal Suit # 079: #2 Suit # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 couldn't think of Suit # uh but only did he sort of appeal to me more than Jimmy Carter but I {X} Jimmy Carter get elected Interviewer: #1 yes # 079: #2 cause # we haven't got enough Republicans yet to elect a governor but I'm not Republican I'm a Democrat but I vote for the Republican ticket sometimes Interviewer: #1 well you really # 079: #2 if I like the candidate better # Interviewer: #1 well you you're # 079: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 sound like everybody else really # 079: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 you're independent # Interviewer: #1 I don't think people are # 079: #2 more than # quite as my party right or wrong my party as they used to be Interviewer: well one thing the parties are getting closer together 079: yeah Interviewer: #1 and a lot of things # 079: #2 can't tell much difference in 'em # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if you were trying to pet a dog and the owner came rushing out and said don't hurt him don't hurt him and you wanted to reassure you might say I'm hurt him I 079: I won't hurt him Interviewer: #1 or # 079: #2 I # haven't Interviewer: #1 I # 079: #2 hurt him # Interviewer: something going to hurt him 079: I'm not going to hurt him Interviewer: alright and if you wanted to if someone were arguing with you and you wanted to get them to admit that you were right you might say putting it in the form of a question I'm right 079: aren't I not but I wouldn't say that that's a little too uh formal I expect I'd just say don't you think I'm right or I am right uh Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # I told you so Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: alright um if someone did something that you had intended to do and they apologized to you for doing it you might wanting to reassure them and make them feel better you might wanna say we something going to do it anyway 079: we were going to do it anyway Interviewer: alright and if someone asked you did you break that window and you wanted to deny {NS} you might say no it's 079: I did not Interviewer: #1 or # 079: #2 it was broken # when I got here Interviewer: or you might say no it something me {NS} 079: it wasn't Interviewer: #1 no uh # 079: #2 I can't think of what you want me to say honey # Interviewer: did you break that window {NS} no it blank me {NS} 079: it wasn't I yeah Interviewer: what do you think of uh when someone leaves a little package of a product for you to try out in you mail box you call it a 079: #1 sample # Interviewer: #2 free # are there synonyms for this according to what it might be 079: let's see a free sample a free Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {X} package # Interviewer: suppose you brought home a piece of cloth or drapery material from the store 079: I'd call that a sample Interviewer: #1 you would # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: alright if you saw a girl who was very attractive you might say gee that's a 079: #1 pretty girl # Interviewer: #2 something # and if you wanted to say that she was um more more beautiful than another girl you would say she 079: I'd say she's prettier Interviewer: and the most of all 079: prettiest of all Interviewer: what is the cloth article of apparel that you would put around your waist when you go into the kitchen to cook 079: apron Interviewer: uh and discussing men's clothing well I guess women use this too um when you go outside on a cold day you would put on your 079: coat Interviewer: and then men's clothing when men take off their coats uh frequently they will have on another article of apparel over their shirts 079: a vest Interviewer: uh what is the second the third part of a three piece suit the coat the vest and the bottom part 079: generally we say pants if we want to be a little formal we say trousers Interviewer: do you make a distinction between pants and jeans 079: yes because if you t- use the term jeans that just means like we think of blue jeans uh coarse or more common not as good material as a pair of pants they might be a in a good suit or something Interviewer: uh do you make a distinction also about the fabric that they are made of 079: well now you mean do jeans mean do- does Interviewer: do you think of a particular fabric 079: when I think of jeans I think of {X} coarse cotton material as overalls have always been made of Interviewer: alright now we're talking about the word bring 079: bring uh-huh Interviewer: alright today they will 079: bring it Interviewer: #1 yesterday # 079: #2 they brought it # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and I would a think they would have 079: would have brought it before now Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you might say I tried on that coat yesterday and it something be just fine 079: it I'd say fitted wouldn't I yes if it were fitted to my figure or just that it fit me it fit me just right Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 I believe mm-hmm # Interviewer: if you were a man and your wife suddenly decided that the clothes you were wearing to church this two piece garment that we've talked 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 about # getting pretty threadbare you might say John you need to get a 079: new suit Interviewer: and if your pockets were filled with walnuts and someone looked at you from the outside they might say gee your pockets sure do 079: bulge bulge bulge {NW} Interviewer: we're talking about the word shrink 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: I hope that cheap shirt won't 079: shrink Interviewer: I washed one yesterday 079: and it shrank Interviewer: and all the plain shirts I 079: #1 had # Interviewer: #2 all the # cheap shirts I've ever 079: #1 have always shrunk # Interviewer: #2 washed # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 if a women likes # to put on good clothes uh even maybe when it's not necessary you might say that women sure likes to 079: dress up Interviewer: uh do you use and synonyms for this are there other terms that you'd use 079: I don't think {X} just what we meant if we say she sure is dressed up Interviewer: do th- you ever use doll up? 079: yes but uh little bit more slangy I wouldn't you might say oh you're just all dolled up or something like that but you wouldn't say it too often I don't believe Interviewer: what about using the words primp or 079: #1 primp # Interviewer: #2 prissy # 079: primp is not used much today is it uh I don't know whether teenagers ever use the word primp have they or not now you're younger than I am um Interviewer: I don't hear it very much 079: mm-hmm we heard it a lot when we were growing up it seems to me that somebody was always primping or something you know but uh if I used my {X} use the term makeup you know and fix your face and things like that rather than primp #1 wait a minute till I # Interviewer: #2 do you # 079: fix my face you'd say when you want to put on lip- fresh lipstick and powder Interviewer: do you hear slick up? 079: no that's not in my vocabulary Interviewer: alright what about um prink 079: no uh that has about the same meaning as primp or does it mean a little more fixing all of your powder or anything mm-hmm Interviewer: what do you carry beside your gloves when you go out to keep your co- 079: pocket book sometimes purse but I use pocket book all the time Interviewer: there's no difference 079: #1 no no distinction in my mind # Interviewer: #2 in them # and what is the general term used for something um that you wear in addition to your clothes when you go out in would include earrings necklace bracelet 079: uh I can't think of the word I want you know what I'm talking about starts with A {NW} wait a minute you wear the same dress maybe but you have different uh I can't think of the word Interviewer: you're thinking of accessories I think 079: accessories what I'm trying to say Interviewer: that's not what I'm looking for 079: alright alright then we'll Interviewer: #1 you keep these things # 079: #2 pick something else # Interviewer: in a certain kind of box 079: in a little jewelry box we might call it and um it's jewelry we'd say uh necklace and ear bobs Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 pin # Interviewer: what does a man use to hold his trousers up if he doesn't wear a belt? 079: su- suspenders did you used to call them supporters sometimes too suspender I believe is the name and they used to wear them so much you know Interviewer: what about have you ever heard the term galluses? 079: yes but uh that was an old fashioned kind of country-fied term for it to me as a child Interviewer: and when you make up your bed in the morning you spread the sheets and the covers and then over it uh you put 079: I call it a spread you'd say a bed spread but I just call it a spread Interviewer: alright and when you go out on a rainy day over your head you hold a 079: umbrella Interviewer: what do you out your head on at night when you sleep? 079: pillow Interviewer: what do you call a large or long pillow that might perhaps go across the whole width 079: #1 um bolster # Interviewer: #2 of the bed # if something does not go just a part of the way across but extends the entire way you might say it goes something across 079: can't think of anything other than just all the way across uh you thinking of some word? Interviewer: um have you heard of clean across or 079: well now that's slang right Interviewer: #1 clear across # 079: #2 to me # yeah I might say it goes clear across so- somebody a little more slangy expression might say it goes clean across but I would not say that Interviewer: alright uh the cover that you use on your bed that's made of patched or piece 079: called a quilt Interviewer: alright uh is there a distinction between a quilt and a comforter 079: yes a quilt a comforter or a comfort was thicker than a quilt and had more padding in it that was the term as I was growing up Interviewer: #1 was it also pieced # 079: #2 {NW} # not necessarily it was a lot of times just made of a solid piece of material a whole piece of material but it had cotton back in between it and maybe it was tied down in different uh pl- places Interviewer: I see 079: with yarn or something like that Interviewer: #1 I see and a quilt though would be more # 079: #2 now that was more of a comforter # Interviewer: #1 sewed together # 079: #2 a quilt was a quilt wasn't there # it didn't even sometimes it had a very thin layer of some kind of padding in it but sometimes it was just the pieced part and the lining that was all it wasn't very warm and it took lots and lots of quilts for cover people used to use just pile on the quilts you know in the winter time Interviewer: what do you call a bed on the floor? 079: pallet Interviewer: and are there terms for different kinds of land according to their location for example you might call a tract of land that was near a river the some kind of land 079: river bottom bottom land Interviewer: do you think of any other terms for other locations of land 079: uh now well let me think bottom land and uh let me think of something I don't think of a term right off hillside land has to be terraced or something like that Interviewer: alright uh do you think of a term for uh land that is swampy wet 079: marsh Interviewer: alright can you think of as many different kinds of soil names that would be 079: like red clay and loam and um topsoil what's some other kinds that are not clay all I can think of is Georgia red clay Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I can see why 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # what do you call what do you define loam as? 079: to me that is a rather a rich dark soil I don't know if I'm right or not sort of well uh maybe ready for planting and fine {X} fine or something I don't know what exactly the term uh define the term loam or not but I knew it had to do with soil Interviewer: alright when people are getting water off the land you say they're 079: draining it Interviewer: and what is the term that's used for a canal cut for this purpose 079: irrigation I can think of that word or a irrigation ditch Interviewer: alright what do you call uh the any body of water that is flowing rather than standing still 079: river or creek Interviewer: alright 079: #1 now there's a word # Interviewer: #2 um # 079: uh run do you know what a run is? a run's a little creek Interviewer: it is? 079: up north uh-huh even as far north as Virginia you know the battle of Bull Run? well Bull Run was a little creek Interviewer: #1 that's what that meant # 079: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 what it meant # uh and do you use the term branch? Interviewer: mm-mm I've heard it 079: little branch uh-huh Interviewer: as in flowery branch Georgia 079: uh-huh yup flowery branch but uh run was a little word Mama would use {NW} Interviewer: my goodness I didn't know that would you name all the rivers creeks streams and lakes that you can think of in this general 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 vicinity # 079: I can name them all hon {X} Interviewer: #1 I bet you can # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 No # oh big Armuchee little Armuchee big dry little dry those are all creeks um {NW} uh let's see what's the one down toward uh cave springs down towards uh little cedar and big cedar creek the oostanaula the etowah and the coosa are our rivers {X} formed flow together to form the Etowah the Etowah and the Oostanaula flow together to form the Coosa Coosa flows into the Alabama um there are no springs around that they don't ever mention mention springs or not but um seems like there's more creeks {X} John's creek is one that's in discussion very much right now as to whether it should be drained or not and so on and uh that's most of the rivers and creeks in this area Interviewer: alright my goodness 079: {NW} Interviewer: uh this may not be applicable in this area but do you know of any particular term that's used for the Gulf of Mexico any 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 any term or # 079: no I don't know of anything if I were going to refer to it I'd just say can you name me the states that border on the gulf or something like that now wh-what term are you thinking of Interviewer: #1 I don't have one in mind # 079: #2 you know that {NW} well # Interviewer: perhaps there may be some 079: #1 there must be something # Interviewer: #2 once you get closer # 079: #1 but uh maybe so people who live in # Interviewer: #2 people who live on the gulf # 079: Mobile and all may call it something else Interviewer: alright what is a term for a channel that's cut by rain in the fields 079: #1 gullies # Interviewer: #2 or perhaps by # 079: you thinking of that or something that's cut on purpose so that the rain Interviewer: #1 that the rain # 079: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 or an overflowing stream # 079: #2 well # of course you think of um oh {X} trying to think of a word and you can't think of what you want to say erosion uh erosion is uh by the term erosion we mean soil washing away or gullies and ditches being washed away by rain formed by rain Interviewer: what is another word for an extremely high hill? 079: well of course mountain if it's high enough Interviewer: and is are there special words that are used for roads that are in the mountains 079: now let's think um trail over the mountain or a {NS} I can't think of what you have in mind over than a roll over the mountain Interviewer: can you think of any uh new terms for passes in the mountains 079: uh um wait I know what I'm trying to think of gap a gap in the mountain Fouche's gap and different gaps over the Reverend gap and O'Brian gap over there in the mountain Interviewer: #1 my goodness # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: you know you taught geography? 079: no we just ride every sunday Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 you know {C: laughing speech} # we know every little cross road in four Counties hon Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # all the mountains and all the gaps and all the churches Interviewer: #1 and all the rivers and all the creeks # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: my goodness if you're driving along a mountain road and the mountain goes up on one side and on the other side you're looking down a 079: a steep bluff or ravine wouldn't say valley hardly though that is what a valley is but we'd say that that's a steep bluff or a deep ravine Interviewer: uh do you think of another synonym for a bluff for example that you might use if you think of a rocky 079: um now precipice might be a {X} word you'd Interviewer: #1 in western movies # 079: #2 thinking of # Interviewer: often the horse and rider would go off a 079: I can't think of the word you want honey Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 though it may be common # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 cliff # just cliff yes now cliff cliff I would say I'd use the word cliff it would be common usage Interviewer: and what kind of plural would you make of cliff? 079: just cliffs mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you have different terms for different sizes of waterfalls? 079: yes now we I don't know whether we use the term cataract in a in just ordinary conversation or not and other than another term we'd use for a bigger fall waterfall what are some other ones I can't think right off of anything else that I would use Interviewer: uh is a cataract uh is this faster or a 079: #1 it it's a # Interviewer: #2 wider or # 079: pretty big one it's bigger than just a little waterfall what's another word for a waterfall? uh cataract is the only thing I can think of Interviewer: alright would name as many different kinds of roads as you can think of according to the material they're made of 079: many years ago we had a lot of {X} roads which were crushed stone and so on and then of course we have asphalt paving we have cement paving sometimes years ago we had wood block paving that was very popular about in uh nineteen sixteen to eighteen streets were paved with wooden blocks they looked like wooden bricks about the shape of a brick made out of wood Broad Street was paved with wood blocks and when the high water got up {X} Broad Street then but the parts that it did get over that wood stuff would swell and break up and it was just uh messy so they stopped having that they stopped paving with wood now wasn't that funny? it was paved with wooden blocks Interviewer: as as you would use cobblestone 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 to assemble # 079: put together kind of with a tar mixture or something and it was bad when it rained cause the horse's hoofs would skid on it people would skid going down the hill you know with that horse uh {NW} if those wood blocks were wet they were bad so they stopped using Interviewer: #1 did # 079: #2 it # Interviewer: did they wear very well? 079: it would have worn fairly well I think but uh they were not very satisfactory at all on account of the high waters but that day we had Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 high waters # here before the dam and the levees and everything you know {NW} Interviewer: uh can you think what would you call uh just a plain road that's unpaved? 079: a dirt road Interviewer: and what about a road that's made of crushed stone 079: well now {X} was the word that we used in this area before the day of all the roads being paved the rock quarry and they crushed the stone fine and put it on the road and whether they put any tar with it I expect they did Interviewer: what would you call it without the tar though? wh- wh- what would be a word for crushed 079: #1 mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 stone? # 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 or small stones # 079: #1 mm-mm maybe # Interviewer: #2 a mixture of small stones # 079: you must thinking of cobblestone Interviewer: #1 no # 079: #2 I think that's bigger stones # I don't believe I have a word for that that I can think of can you have you got one or are you Interviewer: #1 uh what about gravel # 079: #2 just asking # well yes a gravel road yes you would yes you would say that mm-hmm Interviewer: alright uh are there any special terms that are used around here for neighborhood roads? 079: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 referred to # 079: if you live in the country you speak of a field road that just goes through the field um uh county maintained roads Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # um Interviewer: sometimes you'll find different terms for roads in the name of the road itself instead of saying Brown Road you might have Brown something else not street or not avenue but maybe something I don't have anything special 079: #1 uh-huh mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 in mind # but I know sometimes this will will be a term for a road 079: no I can't think just what you've got in mind there honey Interviewer: well I I I'm not getting at anything 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 really # this time in particular but I know that in Tennessee you have a lot of pikes 079: pi- now we used to use the term pike we I we used to speak of the {X} pike quite often but we'd call it {X} road today Interviewer: #1 you would # 079: #2 that word pike # uh was used some around in this area but not much Interviewer: has is it held over names of any of the roads? 079: is it what honey Interviewer: #1 is it held over # 079: #2 sti- still # n- well no I don't believe so and the only one I'd think of w- we might say the Calhoun pike for the Calhoun road Kingston pike now we did say Kingston pike yes we did but that was fifteen twenty thirty years ago I don't believe uh a young person today would ever heard it Interviewer: it wouldn't be on the street 079: #1 no no # Interviewer: #2 signs # 079: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 I see # uh are there any special terms for lanes or drive ways in the area? that you can think of 079: alley uh lane is not used much in this area it's used a little and now it's used sometimes for kind of a fancy name for a street such and such a lane but um it wasn't too common a word I think we would have used alley rather than lane if we meant a little back street of some kind Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh are there what would you call a very small road that would be used for foot traffic only 079: a path Interviewer: alright if you uh in referring to two of these you might 079: paths Interviewer: alright are there any special terms for paths on farms? 079: mm-mm I don't think of any thing other than trail or something like that Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 I don't think # Interviewer: we're talking about the word throw 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: okay did you ever? 079: throw a ball Interviewer: yes I 079: threw one yesterday Interviewer: and I 079: #1 have thrown many # Interviewer: #2 have # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # is there a distinction that's been made uh well let's see we were talking a minute ago about gravel gravel is made from crushed 079: stone or rock Interviewer: alright uh is there a distinction between these two in your mind rock and stone 079: no because not even that we spoke of the stone quarry {X} road and uh it was big pieces of rock or stone that they got I don't know if there's any distinction much in my mind between the two Interviewer: alright um in referring to your house you might say my house is my 079: home Interviewer: alright if you have um if you have rung a friend's uh well if you have rung a friend's doorbell 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: and no one comes to answer you might turn away and say well I guess nobody 079: is home Interviewer: if um if you would like to have someone accompany you somewhere 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: you might say will you come 079: with me Interviewer: and then if you're speaking of a friend who perhaps has another friend accompany them 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you might say # did he come 079: too Interviewer: #1 um # 079: #2 did he # come with you well now there's a localism Interviewer: #1 a what? # 079: #2 um # that Momma used to think was so funny when she first came down here and sombody'd say can I carry you to the show? and she wouldn't say carry there she'd say take and I would never use it as much as much as it used to be used she's gonna carry me to the play she gonna carry me there. I don't think we use it as much as it was used when I was a child I believe we'd say take more now than we would maybe you never heard it used that way Interviewer: #1 oh yes oh yes # 079: #2 hmm well I # Interviewer: #1 I use it myself {X} # 079: #2 well I guess it's still used # Interviewer: #1 and my husband laughs # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: he's from Ohio too 079: oh is he? Interviewer: #1 he's never used it # 079: #2 is he # Interviewer: #1 in that way # 079: #2 {NW} # No well now see you know that Interviewer: #1 oh yes # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 but I still say # 079: #2 hmm yes # Interviewer: in a car 079: #1 yeah I'm gone carry her # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 in my car. now # Interviewer: #2 do you {X} # 079: I do say that Interviewer: but you would say it's probably more would you say in terms of using it with a car 079: yes I believe so today I don't think I'd use it if I were going by and uh just uh walk up to the library with somebody I'd walk to the show I wouldn't say I'm gone carry you to the show It wouldn't be the sense that it used to mean I'm gonna pay your way and take you I believe we do use it with r-reference to our car how many you gone carry in your car we'd say wouldn't we yes we would mm-hmm Interviewer: probably 079: mm-hmm cause we are carrying them when we put them in a car and take them Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh we'd just say did he come with him 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 uh # then you might say no he came 079: alone he came by himself Interviewer: #1 um # 079: #2 {X}answered the question # Interviewer: it's sort of the opposite of with him he came 079: without him Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh was he walking away from you no he was walking 079: toward me Interviewer: alright what is the small animal that we keep as a pet sometime that barks 079: #1 a little dog # Interviewer: #2 a lot # can you think of calls that are used to dogs for example to attack are there any that 079: hmm I don't know too much about terminology with dogs cause we've never had any if I wanted uh all I can think of is sick if you wanna sick the hound Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: suppose you want him to come how would you call him 079: here Fido here pup {NW} Interviewer: and if your dog were attacking someone do you think you'd have a call to tell him to stop 079: I wouldn't cause I wouldn't know what now what would you say what would be the term I don't know either Interviewer: some people may have #1 a special # 079: #2 uh huh # Interviewer: #1 command # 079: #2 I suppose they would if they # Interviewer: uh if you gave your son the name of an uncle you might say that you named him 079: for his uncle but you used to say you named him after his uncle Interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 uh huh # he was named after me but now we've gotten away from that we say for Interviewer: #1 would you say for # 079: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 for of course is more correct # named him for him {NW} Interviewer: uh do you know a term for a dog that's uh mixed or an unknown 079: #1 mongrel # Interviewer: #2 breed # we're talking about the word bite 079: the word {D: bitten} Interviewer: #1 bite # 079: #2 bite # mm-hmm Interviewer: as in dog 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: does that dog 079: {X} what you mean Interviewer: #1 bite # 079: #2 {X} # does the dog bite Interviewer: that's right oh yes he a man yesterday 079: he bit a man yesterday Interviewer: and he has 079: bitten many Interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} Interviewer: uh what is a term for the animal that gives milk on a farm 079: cow Interviewer: and what is a male cow 079: mm-mm bull Interviewer: do you know of any terms that were used to avoid saying the word bull in the past? do you think people have been sort of 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 when a # 079: yes Interviewer: #1 squeamish about saying that # 079: #2 yes # and I don't know what they'd use though Interviewer: #1 okay # 079: #2 I don't know what they use though # Interviewer: alright um can you s- tell me as many different kinds of cows as you can think of 079: holstein and jersey and gosh what are some other kinds holstein and jersey huh I can't think of any of them Interviewer: do you know what farmers prefer for dairy cows 079: Jerseys I believe give more milk Interviewer: and what about for beef cattle 079: I reckon holsteins are good for that {NW} what sort of kind of cows I can't even think of any Interviewer: {NW} 079: I can tell you what kind of hogs you want there are jerseys and tamworth and Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I may get to that # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what is a term used for animals that are working in twos 079: pair a team Interviewer: uh and the animal that is not a horse that's used for work on a farm 079: mule Interviewer: #1 what is a mule bred # 079: #2 a # mule is a cross honey it's a its mother it is a cross it's a offspring of a Interviewer: #1 horse # 079: #2 horse # and uh or of a jackass and a mare or something like that Interviewer: I don't know yeah I know 079: #1 it's a cross # Interviewer: #2 a born from a horse # 079: it's not a thing of its own it's not a thing of its own it's a cross Interviewer: they can't be bred 079: #1 no no # Interviewer: #2 can they # 079: #1 you have the one and that's it # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm that's it mm-hmm # alright I see uh is are there any synonyms around here that are used for mule 079: no not any that I know of Interviewer: alright uh what i- would be a term for a cow giving birth to a calf Daisy's going to 079: uh well you use the word calve C-A-L-V-E Interviewer: um 079: that's all I can think of Interviewer: alright uh what do you call uh the the process that a cow undergoes when she has when she begins to give milk 079: come in she comes in fresh or freshens mm-hmm Interviewer: alright is there a term that you think of for an animal a male breeding animal for example a horse 079: a stud either that or a Interviewer: okay 079: {X} Interviewer: alright and this animal that we were just talking about is frequently used to pull a plow it would not be a mule it'd be a 079: horse Interviewer: alright and two of them would be 079: a a team Interviewer: uh two 079: two horses oh yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh do you know some breeds of horses 079: uh s- but now I don't know whether saw and Bay and um Palomino sort of breeds or not I guess they'd be breed I don't know there's kinds of horses um iron grey horses Interviewer: do you now which ones are best for work and which are best for riding? 079: uh let me see there are different kinds of great big horses work horses on farms especially up north percheron horses and and another word I don't think of right now but just for for work horses on a farm in Georgia course there aren't too many of them anymore Interviewer: mm-hmm 079: on any farm I don't know whether Bay or saw were more they were more carriage horses I believe I don't know what kind was more uh useful on a farm Interviewer: alright we're talking about the word riding did you ever 079: ride Interviewer: #1 and yesterday I # 079: #2 a horse # I rode one Interviewer: #1 and # 079: #2 and # many times I have ridden one Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 except I've never been up on one but one time # Interviewer: {NW} was that an unpleasant 079: #1 I thought # Interviewer: #2 experience # 079: felt I was up on a skyscraper honey Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # high Interviewer: did you stay up on it 079: no I got right off Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh if y- someone is in bed uh and perhaps he's having a bad dream you might say he fell 079: well now you're just saying Interviewer: uh if someone is in bed 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 and # having a bad dream and they suddenly find themselves on the floor 079: #1 oh fell out of bed # Interviewer: #2 you # alright 079: thought maybe you wanted Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 say they had a nightmare # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 we talking about horses that would be pretty illogical wouldn't it # 079: #2 {NW} yeah # uh huh Interviewer: never thought of that 079: {NW} Interviewer: uh what is the footwear that a horse 079: #1 shoe # Interviewer: #2 uh # 079: call it shoe Interviewer: alright and uh the longer term for this would be 079: horseshoe you mean that Interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh and on the part of a horse's foot 079: #1 hoof # Interviewer: #2 this # and two of them would be 079: hooves H-double-O-V-E-S Interviewer: alright do you know any terms for a male sheep? 079: ram Interviewer: and what for a female 079: #1 ewe # Interviewer: #2 sheep # uh have people showed the same sort of squeamishness about using the word ram as perhaps they have about bull? 079: not so much because so few sheep raised in this area they probably hadn't the occasion to use it Interviewer: have you ever heard a term that's been used for a castrated sheep? ram 079: no I don't believe so Interviewer: #1 I don't either # 079: #2 do you know the term? # Interviewer: #1 no # 079: #2 I don't know it either # Interviewer: #1 hoping someday someone will know one # 079: #2 uh huh # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 no # like eunuch for a man Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 that's the term # Interviewer: #1 the term # 079: #2 that's right # but I don't no I don't know it {X} Interviewer: #1 I've never heard it at all # 079: #2 hmm # hmm Interviewer: the #1 material for clothing that we get from sheep is # 079: #2 wool # Interviewer: and the uh a male well first the animal that we raise for pork you've told me 079: yeah hog Interviewer: and a male hog would be 079: let's see the female is the sow and I can't think of the term for I probably know it but I can't think of it Interviewer: {NW} boar is this 079: yeah why a boar mm-hmm I couldn't think of that Interviewer: uh have there been any more terms used for boar 079: not that I can think of Interviewer: to avoid saying the word 079: mm-hmm no not that I know of Interviewer: um have you ever heard of the word barrow? 079: B-A-R-R-O-W? Interviewer: mm-hmm 079: yes now what does it mean? Interviewer: what would this mean to you? 079: I can't tell you and yet uh I've heard it but I can't think what the connection is I know it Interviewer: alright uh can you tell me as many different kinds of I told you I'd get to this 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: different kinds of hogs 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 as you can think of # 079: I don't know as many as I was letting on {X} and tamworth is one kind I can't think of any other kinds of hogs I ought to know can't think of any others right now Interviewer: {NW} alright which one do farmers use most for meat production 079: um i don't know Interviewer: alright uh 079: Poland China Poland China's a good one Interviewer: oh really 079: kind uh huh {NW} Interviewer: what is uh I couldn't think of this in terms of of a hog but also the best way to make you think of it probably is the little sticky parts of your toothbrush are the 079: bristles Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: and in talking about hogs um what do you call the toothes that extend out of the hog 079: tusk Interviewer: alright uh do you do they have many wild hogs anymore? 079: no I don't think so not in this area Interviewer: do you remember the times 079: #1 now a boy uh in my class # Interviewer: #2 when you used to # 079: told me he killed a wild hog going hunting down at Savannah Interviewer: #1 oh did he # 079: #2 during our holidays uh huh # he lives in Savannah and he said there were wild hogs in the uh marshy lands around Savannah Interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 how {X:many} # 079: #2 said it's good too # said t-taste just like uh d-domesticated #1 pork # Interviewer: #2 you eat it # 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: you eat wild hog 079: he said it was good Interviewer: well how did they get to be wild? 079: I don't know whether they'd ever been domesticated and escaped from some uh barnyard and just became wild like there are those packs of wild dogs you know Interviewer: #1 do they use many of those # 079: #2 and {X} # Interviewer: #1 around here # 079: #2 not many around here # I never heard the term until a few years ago Interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 but there are some # mm-hmm Interviewer: we've had a few 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 isolated cases # 079: #1 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 near Marietta # 079: they do {X} Interviewer: a hog would usually feed out of a 079: trough Interviewer: alright if you had two of them you would call them 079: I never did think of two of them Interviewer: {NW} 079: well how I'd spell trough? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # I believe it'd just have S I think it'd be troughs Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 I don't think it'd be troughs # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # about got me that time honey Interviewer: #1 oh very good very good # 079: #2 don't think I've ever thought of more than one # Interviewer: #1 I'll mark one up for me # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh I don't think I asked you before we were talking about the hog's teeth 079: #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 then # 079: tusk I said Interviewer: alright now the one would be 079: a tusk Interviewer: #1 and two # 079: #2 and two would be tusks # Interviewer: alright uh is there a special term that you think of for a wild hog? 079: a wild boar we'd often say Interviewer: alright um what do you call the process or is there a term that you know of of the process of castrating horses or bulls or hogs or 079: I don't think of one may maybe I should but I can't think of one Interviewer: have you ever heard of gelding? 079: oh yes uh huh Interviewer: #1 of horses # 079: #2 yes I ought to have # thought of that but I didn't yes in fact it's in my vocabulary if I saw it I would have known what it meant but I didn't think of it you see Interviewer: do you think people would have used this term to each other? or would now even? 079: I guess people would who uh are familiar with that sort of thing raised Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 animals # and so on Interviewer: what is the sound that a calf makes when it's being weaned from its mother? 079: bleat no a sheep bleats doesn't it cow moos but I don't know what I can't think of a particular term for the Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 calf # Interviewer: did you ever hear bawling? 079: bawling of course a bawling calf yes Interviewer: and what is the sound that a cattle makes {X} that a cattle 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # that cattle make at feeding time 079: well now do they do they moo if they're hungry um blowing of the cow Interviewer: that's what I was 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 thinking of especially # uh the sound that a horse makes at feeding time 079: a horse neighs to make a noise Interviewer: and a higher pitch sound that a horse makes 079: whinny Interviewer: alright uh is there a general term when you go out to give cattle their food? you might say I'm going out to 079: feed the stock {NW} Pa always used to say slop the hogs did you ever hear that term? Interviewer: I think I have 079: that was a common term on the farm I'm sure Interviewer: I guess that's where they put everything in the slop 079: #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 bucket # 079: all the table scraps and stuff you know back then it was I guess the water that you maybe the dish water that you poured out if it had scraps in it or anything Interviewer: {NW} uh d- if you're going out to give chickens their food is there a 079: #1 I go and feed the chickens # Interviewer: #2 certain # 079: and uh and then something else you're trying to get out of me? Interviewer: #1 not necessarily # 079: #2 uh huh # Interviewer: uh I do you ever hear people who would just say I'm going out to feed 079: #1 going # Interviewer: #2 growing up on a farm # 079: #1 it going # Interviewer: #2 it's just # instead of saying I'm going out to feed the cows 079: #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # just might say I'm going out to feed 079: well now they might I don't know haven't been around farmers enough to know Interviewer: #1 I realize that # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: is there a name for a hen when she's on eggs? 079: sitting hen setting hen we always said should be sitting cause the hen sits but setting hen is what we always called them Interviewer: alright and what kind of shelter do chickens live in? 079: coup Interviewer: {X} 079: or a chicken house sometimes if it's a bigger thing you call it a chicken house Interviewer: I see 079: but if it's a little coup you call it a chicken coup Interviewer: does a coup usually have wire? 079: it was made u- in the old days it was made of slats Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 chicken coup was # slatted like that was made out of slats in the ends and had slats across mm-hmm wooden slats that's a chicken coup then they get to be made of wire of course or something but chicken wire came in later and Interviewer: #1 oh I see # 079: #2 and {X} # but chickens were made with chicken wire mm-hmm but the chicken coup in my childhood was made of slats wooden slats Interviewer: #1 and it was just smaller than a # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 chicken {X} # 079: #2 uh huh uh huh # Interviewer: did it have roofs and 079: #1 the chicken chicken coup # Interviewer: #2 roosting places # 079: uh chicken coup might have had a tarpaper roof uh and the rest of it but it was generally just made of slats it generally didn't have a roof they just let the rain get on them Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what is the part of a chicken that children like to play with after the meat is gone? 079: the drumstick or the wishbone wishbone probably Interviewer: alright do you know any superstitions about wishbones? 079: yes it's supposed to be good luck of you break it and get the shortest part mm-hmm Interviewer: do y- is there any kind of rhyme children say about it? or do they just 079: #1 I don't think there's a rhyme about it but # Interviewer: #2 how do they go about pulling it? # 079: you make your wish and then each one takes a hold of it and whichever one gets the short part their wish comes true Interviewer: I see uh what are the edible insides of a pig or a cow or a calf? is there a term that would cover all of this? 079: like beef or pork you mean Interviewer: #1 no I'm thinking # 079: #2 that? # Interviewer: more of um uh guts 079: #1 oh uh uh # Interviewer: #2 or materials # 079: chitterlings you thinking about chitterlings which people call chitlins Interviewer: #1 that that's one possibility # 079: #2 uh huh # Interviewer: is there anything else on the inside 079: #1 well now let me see # Interviewer: #2 that you eat # 079: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 other than the meat # 079: tripe is the lining of the cow's stomach I believe is what tripe is and um I don't think of another term Interviewer: uh what about brains do people eat 079: #1 brains yes # Interviewer: #2 brains? # 079: they eat the brains Interviewer: uh 079: kidneys Interviewer: what are have you ever heard of hog lights? 079: lights? now liver and lights lights is something that some animals have I believe chickens have it uh the never heard of eating it but some people may Interviewer: #1 I don't know what it is really # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 but I know I've heard of it # 079: #2 well uh # I can think about it if you're dressing a chicken what the lights are it's a little lighter red substance than and not near as big as the liver so on Interviewer: #1 oh I see # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: um the hour of the evening that you would go out 079: wait just a minute one second {NW} did you ever hear the expression I'm just gone scare the lights out of you Interviewer: oh yeah 079: uh huh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 now I haven't thought about that expression in years # Interviewer: oh I never thought of it in that con- con- 079: {X} it was that that connection well not it probably was rather than thinking of a light of a L-I-G-H-T light don't you think it was? bet it was Interviewer: #1 I never thought of it in that way # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 my goodness # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh what is the time of day is there a term that you would use for the time of day on a farm that you would go out to distribute your feed? to you animals you'd say it's getting close to 079: to dark or getting close to I don't know whether they'd say Interviewer: #1 think if you were thinking # 079: #2 {X} or not # Interviewer: that you were going to have to go out and feed these animals 079: #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 you might # look at the clock and say well it's getting close to 079: time they think about time for the chores or something Interviewer: might be well um what about feeding time 079: yeah I guess just that Interviewer: I understand you haven't 079: #1 mm-hmm yeah # Interviewer: #2 lived on a farm # 079: #1 {NW} I don't know what all they may say # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh you know of any call to a cow to get it to get him to 079: soo cow soo cow Interviewer: is that what you say to a cow? 079: that's what I've heard people say Interviewer: and what do you say to them to make them stand still while you milk them them? 079: mm I don't know {NS} may have heard somebody say it at some time but I what do you what you know? Interviewer: no 079: I don't either Interviewer: is there a special call that w- you would use to a calf? 079: #1 a little calf? # Interviewer: #2 rather than a # 079: no I I wouldn't know it of there is haven't had enough dealings with calves Interviewer: uh what's a call to a mule or a horse to make him turn left or right plowing 079: gee and haw Interviewer: which is which? 079: I don't know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: haven't done much plowing huh? 079: {NW} I would guess that gee is right and haw is left but that is cause they're gee and haw and right and left somehow Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 that's what I'd guess if I was guessing # Interviewer: #1 {NW} right # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: do you know a call to a horse to get him to come in from the pasture 079: used to cluck to them {NW} {X} what would we do to call a horse if you wanted I don't know I can't think can you? Interviewer: #1 I don't know # 079: #2 if you wanted 'em to # go faster you'd cluck click to them like that he'd get up to Interviewer: #1 if you if you # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: going out to hitch one up 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 first you'd have to get him # 079: #1 hmm you would # Interviewer: #2 so how what would you do? # 079: I don't know I don't remember how we got him Interviewer: #1 my mother said she went and ran # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 yelled and screamed a lot # 079: #2 yeah {NW} # Interviewer: #1 she said by the time you got the horse in # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 they got him hitched up # 079: #2 oh oh yeah # Interviewer: #1 you had to that before you could get dressed # 079: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #1 so that {X} # 079: #2 had hitch up before you dressed # yeah we didn't have to do much hitching up Mama could hitch up the horse when we had the surrey but Papa of course did it if he were there Interviewer: I see 079: hmm Interviewer: uh and calls you said a call to start a horse when you first start him 079: you want him to get up and then you say {NW} he goes now you wouldn't have think they could have heard that little clicking but that's what you did Interviewer: #1 make make him go faster # 079: #2 and to get up # yeah Interviewer: but you wouldn't use this just to start him? if if you just hopped in and picked up the reigns you might could you go {NW} 079: #1 yeah and he'd start yeah # Interviewer: #2 and he'd go? # um what if you want him to stop what would you do? 079: pull on the reigns and say whoa Interviewer: and what's a call to get a to pigs at feeding time 079: what do they say to pigs? I can't remember I've heard people call pigs you remember? Interviewer: uh what about sooie pig pig pig or 079: #1 it it's # Interviewer: #2 something like that # 079: now I said sooie for the cow didn't I? Interviewer: no you said soo 079: soo did I? soo cow soo cow yeah sooie I guess is for the pigs but I've hadn't thought about that in a long time some of these things maybe go back forty fifty years honey Interviewer: well th- the not all these 079: #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you're you're certainly not expected # 079: #1 mm-hmm no # Interviewer: #2 to have know all of these # 079: no you wouldn't for some of them Interviewer: uh you know any calls to sheep? 079: no I wouldn't know what to do with a sheep Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 never been around them much # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 we got some out at Berry but that's about the only place in the county # Interviewer: what are they doing at Berry? 079: oh we always had a flock of sheep Interviewer: why? 079: I don't know they just do picturesque I guess Interviewer: #1 they got a shepherd? # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 somebody to look after 'em # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 with a crook # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 that would be great # 079: #2 sometimes they'll be grazing out on the chapel lawn # they look so pretty such a pastoral scene you know I don't know whether they raise them up and do anything with them or not but they've got some out there Interviewer: do they shear 079: yes reckon so maybe they sell the wool but I don't believe they have enough of them to amount to anything I don't know maybe there's Interviewer: #1 they've always had sheep? # 079: #2 {X} # yeah they got some Interviewer: #1 my goodness # 079: #2 {X} # now once in a while they have them out {NW} Interviewer: but maybe I'll ask Alec 079: #1 uh huh uh huh # Interviewer: #2 what they do with there sheep # uh you know any calls to chickens? maybe a 079: #1 here chick chick chick chick chick chick # Interviewer: #2 feeding call # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 alright # and if you uh wanted to put the horses in this apparatus to get them 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 um to go in with the buggy # 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you'd say I'm going to # 079: hitch up Interviewer: alright do you ever use the term harness the horses? 079: yes you would I guess Interviewer: would it be different? than hitching up 079: no it'd be the same because you wouldn't put a harness on him unless you were gonna drive him you'd put a saddle on him if you were g- and a bridle if you were going to just ride horseback Interviewer: but hitch up and harness 079: it would be about the same I guess Interviewer: #1 alright I see # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh what are the lines called that you use for driving 079: #1 reigns # Interviewer: #2 horses # would you still call them reigns if you were going to plow? 079: oh they're called lines I believe uh traces now something about change change and traces and Interviewer: if you're going t- to ride the horse would you call it what would you call it? 079: well you have a let me see you have a reign the bridle has a reign to it the check reign and all that Interviewer: alright uh where do you put you feet in a saddle? 079: stirrups Interviewer: and is there a particular term that you would use for the horse that's on the left when you're plowing? 079: off horse maybe? something's a off horse whether that's the one on the left honey I don't know about that Interviewer: uh if you wanted to indicate that it was just a short distance to something you might say oh it's just a 079: little piece {NW} that's entirely idiomatic isn't it Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and what about for a long 079: {NS} {X} Interviewer: #1 Fundamental concepts. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # I had to teach him to multiply, divide, add, and subtract {D: And stuff like that} Interviewer: There's still a good bit of drill, right 079: #1 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 that they're doing. # You can't get away from 079: #1 You can't get away from 'em if you teach 'em anything, that's true. # Interviewer: #2 that. # Um all of these things that we have been talking about are pieces of 079: furniture. Interviewer: Um what do you call um okay, what do you call the things that you have behind your sheer curtains? 079: I call 'em window shades. Interviewer: Oh. Do you distinguish in your the term that you use between those and 079: #1 The Venetian blinds? # Interviewer: #2 the the flat # 079: Mm-hmm yeah. Yeah. Window shades never need Venetian blinds. {NW} Interviewer: Wasn't with it I should've noticed that its {D: a word up} Oh, what do you call the place where you store your clothes? 079: Closet. Interviewer: Alright um is putting the two words together you would call it? 079: A clothes closet. Interviewer: Mm. Um. Is there a kind of a closet that is not recessed in the wall? 079: Wardrobe. Or something like that now you got that in mind? That's a term that Interviewer: One that's movable. 079: Uh-huh, uh-huh. That's something that's almost gone out of American furniture is a wardrobe. #1 Hasn't been, used to be dealt without any closets. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: Everything was in kept in wardrobes. Interviewer: Uh what do you call the space in a house between the top floor of living space and the roof? 079: Attic. Interviewer: Uh and what do you call the room where you do your food preparation? 079: Kitchen. Interviewer: Okay, would you um tell me something about the equipment in a kitchen? Um. 079: You mean today? Interviewer: Well a little bit of both. Uh have there been changes? 079: There are definite changes of course since I can about at my age remember. Interviewer: #1 There it is # 079: #2 Mentioned some of them # Mm-hmm. From the cookstove to the gas stove to and there was a time when oil stoves were quite popular and of course they're still used some places. Uh and then th-the electrical s-stove is almost But of course gas is still popular, but gas now is about fixed to have completely replaced the wood stove You'd have to go a long way to find someone cooking on a wood stove now, #1 wouldn't you? # Interviewer: #2 I guess that's right. # 079: And uh then another thing that has changed so every kitchen years and years ago had a cupboard sort of thing that was called a safe. And always had uh {D: metal tentatives} it was on the doors. And there was always a pricked pattern on those doors. And you kept your food in the safe in the winter time. You put the dishes of what was left. Leftovers in the safe until supper time cause you didn't have any refrigerator and they had ice in the su- in the winter you see. And uh so there was always a safe in the kitchen and uh then let me see what else of course the dishwasher's entirely new within the last what twenty, twenty five years? Maybe not that long. Interviewer: What do you have in your kitchen that will take the place of a safe? 079: #1 Anything. Any # Interviewer: #2 Uh the place of a safe. # Any? 079: Well actually it would be the refrigerator {D: Cause you eat} Cause you see you we keep you keep all perishable foods now in your refrigerator. Interviewer: Oh, what about um baked goods? Was there a did you put your baked goods in #1 the safe too? # 079: #2 You used to have a # bread box that you kept it in. I can remember well we never thought of putting bread in the refr- in the ice box when we were children. You kept it in a bread box. {NW} And if you had a fairly good sized house you had a pantry. If you didn't you had some kind of shelves where you kept your canned goods and things like that at. Interviewer: Um what do you have in your kitchen now where you would keep dishes and? 079: Cupboards. Uh cupboards I guess you'd call. Interviewer: Alright. Um do you remember anything about an outside kitchen #1 {D: that you had} # 079: #2 No # That was further {NW} A whole lot further back. But you know they did have #1 years ago. # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know they did. # 079: #1 You didn't? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 Well yeah they did honey. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 Yes they did. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: Uh if you go to some of the old houses if you go to Mount Vernon if you go to uh up here to the Vann place uh the Vann house up uh {D:above Dalton average was a} fine home that Joseph Vann who's an Indian chief Interviewer: Mm-hmm 079: had and then of course he had to go west when all the others were driven west but it's been restored very interestingly. Outside kitchen. Uh any of the old houses that you visit the kitchen was not in the main house. It was out a ways from it. They didn't think all the cooking odors and everything should get into the house. And how they ever got it to the table hot I don't know but I guess they did. Interviewer: I remember at Mount Vernon 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: there being they said there were little slave boys who were called runners. 079: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Who who ran back # 079: #2 Ran back and forth with the food, yeah. # Interviewer: #1 And I remember that now, but I didn't remember # 079: #2 And uh even in the uh # houses that weren't as pretentious as that they had uh the kitchen somewhat separated from the house. Interviewer: And you only had one kitchen. 079: Yeah that's and now some of 'em have called a summer kitchen now I've heard people use the term summer kitchen and perhaps that was away from the house to keep the heat from the house and then they'd've had a uh kitchen in the house in the winter and now never since I can remember did people have an outside kitchen but um certainly back in Civil War days they did. I'd say that went out probably in the seventies or something like that seventies or eighties. Interviewer: Hmm. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um. Let's see, what would you call i-is there a um general term that you would use for a lot of worthless articles that you'd say "Aw that's just" 079: Um Rubbish or trash. {NW} Interviewer: And there was a man who used to come around and pick up things like this and you called him the some kind of name. 079: {D: Well now} Used to speak of the trash man coming And who drove the trash wagon before the day of of trucks and everything. Now we never did have anybody who came around and bought up rummage or anything like that they might have in some areas. And uh Interviewer: #1 Well the word that I I was really looking for is um # 079: #2 What's the word? # Interviewer: also used now to speak uh to as a slang term for a drug addict. 079: Well I'd think of a pusher #1 That's what sells it # Interviewer: #2 oh oh sorry I # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 079: Huh. No I can't think of the word you want. Interviewer: Well how about junk? 079: Yes. Yes uh now that's a common word with us. I think of it more in connection with uh metallic uh stuff. If you had uh some old {D: Mm if you had} I don't know. I guess you'd You'd sell you'd sell anything for junk. I couldn't think what you were getting at honey. Now I know when we were children there was a man we knew, a good friend of ours, who had a junk shop, that was his business. And he would take everything, you know Interviewer: What would you call a place in your house where you stored your junk? #1 Or # 079: #2 Mm see # {NW} If you had a basement, you had a storeroom or something course the what's the term you use today? Utility room, that's a new term. {NW} You just call it that. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um what would you call the um object that you use not an electrical object but a hand pushed object that you use to sweep the floor? 079: Carpet sweeper. People used to have carpet sweepers. Interviewer: {X} But before that even, a more primitive object. 079: Well of course broom, you're just thinking of the term broom. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 079: #2 And um # Interviewer: Um if I if if you would imagine for just a minute That I had a broom in my hand Interviewer: And I took it and put it here 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Then I said "where's the broom?" 079: Mm would I just say back of the door? Interviewer: #1 That's fine. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Do you need to answer your phone? 079: My sister will I guess. Let's see here {D: If you'd rather I would} {X} Or anybody like that. Well that Interviewer: What um ages do they have at your academy? 079: We have from the ninth through the twelfth. Just senior high. Well in some some pla- yeah we have sixth, seventh, and eighth is junior high in most places so what ours is is four years of senior high. #1 That's what we have. # Interviewer: #2 All boys and girls? # 079: No just boys. Interviewer: Just boys? 079: They've talked about making it co-ed this year but they said they would if they had as many as fifty applicants. Well they didn't have quite that many. I think they thought it wouldn't be too good to have too small a number of girls and a large number of boys, but we'll probably be co-ed next year. And I hope we will. {X} I've taught all girls, I've taught all boys, and I've taught 'em together so it doesn't matter. {NW} Interviewer: You've had them in all 079: #1 {D: In all ways, yeah.} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: All different ways. Interviewer: Oh, I think your phone's ringing. 079: Again? Yep, it is. Just fascinating It wasn't so much about it except that I was in the area around it uh when Victoria Hopes, her last book. And it really was just fascinating to me cause the ship would stop and then go ashore and I could just see us going to shore and uh Quito, Ecuador and everywhere you know {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Do you think that where the Australia now is where all the potential is? 079: Well I expect it is what this country was in the eighteen-hundreds don't you? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Uh so much undeveloped # Mm-hmm. They say it's just beautiful. Just beautiful. Well we'd better get to our cards, huh? Interviewer: I hate to keep taking up 079: #1 We'll visit the rest of the day, hmm, won't we sweet? # Interviewer: #2 so much of your time, but # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: I know we could Interviewer: Did you go to the concert last night? 079: No, but my sister did she said it was just wonderful. Interviewer: I thought you might be involved in 079: #1 Uh-huh. No, for a number of years I helped sell tickets # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: to it but I hadn't done it the last few years. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {D: there at music matters I just did it cause I was civic minded} # Interviewer: Oh. I gather that this organization is something like getting {D: one with music} 079: Yes, it is something like that there. It's parts of these programs for I guess fifteen, twenty years now. Interviewer: That's pretty worthwhile. 079: Yeah, it's good. It brings good things to town. Interviewer: #1 Well if there is no organization like that # 079: #2 We can get through # Interviewer: #1 {D: You'll just get passed by.} # 079: #2 Mm-hmm it just doesn't, you don't get, that's right. # Interviewer: #1 Okay so # 079: #2 {D: Well now let's answer it a little briefly} # Interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} Interviewer: When your clothes get dirty uh what do you call the process that you go through to get them clean again? 079: {NW} Well you just need washing the fact that I'm going to wash them myself. I'll send them to the dry cleaner if I'm not gonna do it myself. Interviewer: Alright, and after you wash them? 079: Then I iron them. Now if I'm just if I have a linen dress that is a little wrinkled and it isn't dirty I press that I had make a distinction between pressing and ironing. I iron something that's just been washed it's got to be ironed but if the dress is a little wrinkled I press it. {NW} Interviewer: And what do you call this washing, drying, and ironing process? All called doing the? 079: Well you'd, oh {D: get uh} I guess most people call it doing the laundry Uh some people say doing the washing. I don't wash anything that I can help, I send the sheets and pillowcases and everything and towels to the laundry and just wash other clothes, so I don't do a big washing but a lot of people, if they've, yes, now if they do use a lo- washing machine and they have a lot of children I hear 'em say "Oh I do "two and three loads a week" Something like that. So they'd speak of it that way. Interviewer: What do you call the part of the house that extends in front of it? Um 079: The porch. Interviewer: Right. Do you make a distinction or do you know of 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 people who do # between the front and the back? 079: No, not in this area. I would say {D: you would do that if you you lived in in Charleston} you might speak of the gallery or something but uh we would ma- we'd say front porch and back porch Interviewer: #1 The gallery would be for? # 079: #2 there'd be no distinction. # Uh to my mind a gallery is a long porch like on those houses in Charleston. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Something like that. Interviewer: Does it make a difference if a porch has a roof or not? 079: Yes, we would speak of one that didn't have a roof as a terrace wouldn't we? Or a patio or something of the sort. Interviewer: And whether its screened or not screened? 079: No, I don't believe I'd make any distinction there except to speak of the screened porch. Interviewer: And how about size? Does this make a difference in terminology? 079: You mean if it were? Interviewer: If it were large or long. 079: Oh size at first I thought you said sides. No I don't believe I'd have any different I might just say a large porch she has a big porch or a large porch I don't believe I'd have any distinction in terminology. Interviewer: If your front door were open, you might say to someone? 079: Close the door. Close it. Except I might say shut the door, but most of the time we'd say close the door I believe. Interviewer: What do you call the outside boards that are on a house usually wood but they could be aluminum. 079: I call it weather boarding, we did as we were growing up and now the term siding, aluminum siding has come in. Interviewer: Do you think of siding as being only aluminum or could it be wood too? 079: I would think of it just as aluminum I believe, uh some people might well think of it as wood but if it were if it were wood I'd either call it shingles or uh old fashioned weather boarding. Interviewer: Now let's talk about the word "drive". 079: Mm alright. Interviewer: Today I will get in the car. 079: And drive {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Here we go again. # 079: #2 Do you need me to tell you its principal parts? # Interviewer: Yesterday I 079: drove. {NS} Interviewer: And many times #1 I have # 079: #2 I have # Driven. I'd put in a good word to get {D: Her to tell you this John Will Wreckemson} uh stepdaughter who lives with him Interviewer: #1 Oh did he? # 079: #2 uh to talk. # Interviewer: What did? 079: It wasn't scary, but now that would scare him, you see? Interviewer: #1 Yes, now # 079: #2 He'd be afraid he'd say it wrong, bless his heart. # Interviewer: That's right, and this is something sometime we 079: I I would omit with people that I thought didn't know. {NW} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the top part of the house, the extreme top part 079: #1 Well, just # Interviewer: #2 on the outside? # 079: I was thinking of the roof. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what are the channels by which the water is taken from the roof 079: #1 I call the term gutter # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: Or gutter pipes sometimes. Interviewer: What are the low places between the gables on a roof called? 079: Hmm let me think. Well I can't even think of a word, honey. Let me see. I just can't tell you. What would I say? Interviewer: Um. {NS} 079: I don't know what word you're trying to make me say. {C:laughing} #1 You you can say something I'd say what it's common usage with me # Interviewer: #2 Uh what about uh # Uh is the word I'm thinking of sometimes you think of hills {D: as versus} 079: That it? Interviewer: Do you ever hear that? 079: I wouldn't think of calling it that, I don't believe. Maybe I'd just never called that anything. And I couldn't think of a word. {C: laughing} Interviewer: I'm afraid I've never called it anything. 079: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call an outdoor toilet? 079: I'd just call it an outdoor toilet, now there are different words for it I never could bear the word privy, I think that sounds horrible but that is what a lot of people call it. Used to call it years ago, when I had that. But if I were gonna tell anybody that I went to their primitive place cause they just even have an outside or outdoor toilet, I'd say. {NW} Interviewer: Uh did you that noise? 079: Did you hear? Interviewer: Yes, I 079: Heard {NW} Interviewer: As a matter of fact I have 079: Heard it many times. {NW} Interviewer: Now if you really wanted to tell me 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That you had not heard this before, and you wanted to emphasize the fact that you had not you might say "I-" 079: I never heard that before. Or that's the first time I ever heard that. Or I never heard of that. Interviewer: When a person gets married he says to his minister "I-" 079: Do. Or I will. I do, I believe {NW} {C: laughing} Interviewer: I don't chew tobacco but he 079: He does or he chews tobacco. Interviewer: He used to smoke, but now he 079: He does not. Interviewer: Have you any more work to do in the field? No, I it yesterday 079: I did it yesterday. Interviewer: #1 And in # 079: #2 Or I finished yesterday # Interviewer: Then I said "are you sure" and you say "Yes, I have" 079: Finished, I have done it. Interviewer: Alright. If someone asked you "are you absolutely sure?" and inside you really weren't all that sure 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You might say to them, "No, I'm not" 079: Positive. I'm not absolutely certain. Interviewer: Then uh if someone asked you, did you talk to him recently? You might say, yes, I talking to him yesterday. 079: I was talking to him yesterday. Interviewer: And if someone if I asked you, did I talk to him, you might say, yes you 079: Talked to him yesterday Interviewer: Or? 079: Or you did talk to him. Interviewer: #1 {D: Or you do you} # 079: #2 You have talked to him. # Interviewer: You? #1 But if I can # 079: #2 Talking # Interviewer: #1 You what? # 079: #2 Using # Interviewer: Using using talking. You? 079: You were talking to him yesterday. Interviewer: Have you thought about that today? You might say I thinking since I got out of bed about that. 079: I had been thinking. Interviewer: What do you is another term you would use for your home referring just to the building? You might say my? 079: My house. Interviewer: #1 And if you had two of 'em you might say my houses. # 079: #2 My houses. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What is the large building on a farm that usually is used to house animals? 079: Generally called a barn, now sometimes you'd speak of a stable. That's more just for horses I believe. Interviewer: Uh is there a particular shape that you think of? 079: #1 Yes. You'd think of a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: a rectangular, oblong shape, most barns are. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what do you call an area of just outside the barn? 079: Barnyard. Interviewer: Is this fenced, is this a fenced area? 079: Generally in my {D: in my attention} it would be, on a farm. There'd be a fence around, an enclosure generally around a barn, I believe. Interviewer: What do you call a building you use to store corn? 079: Crib. Interviewer: And what is the upper part of the barn called? 079: The loft. Interviewer: Alright. Can you describe what a loft looks like? 079: It is um generally floored with rough planking and not uh sealed or anything overhead just the rafters showing. And the sloped roof of course is sloping. Interviewer: What about openings? 079: Um let me see generally at the front and back there would be uh uh maybe a door that opened the hay could be brought through or something like that. And big barns might have uh windows along the side. Interviewer: What do you call the object that's formed when hay is mowed and then dragged together its formed into what? 079: Hay haystacks sometimes and it is mound is that what hay mound, is that the right word for that? I think I'd just say its in s see the haystacks I think I'd say. Interviewer: It, does the word change at all according to the size of it? If if it were very small ones, would you call them something different? 079: Well now I did be say hay is that what we're talking about? Uh, it depends on uh have we got one of these modern machines goes along makes it up in a bale as it goes? {NW} That'd be smart {C: laughing}. Interviewer: Well we'll assume a little more primitive method 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: I get they were working for a small a small stack of hay. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, but you don't think they're more 079: No now what have you got in mind? Interviewer: #1 Well um # 079: #2 I'll tell you # If I ever heard it. Interviewer: Well not really, but have you heard of ever heard of haycock? 079: I've heard that {X} but it's not in my vocabulary. I wouldn't use it. I haven't seen it enough in print. I I I uh maybe remember sometimes seeing it, but it's not common to me at all. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what do you call the places if there's more than one where hay is stored in a barn? 079: Hayloft. Generally, I guess? About the only thing I can think of. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. What do you call a shelter for cows? 079: Other than a barn or Interviewer: #1 Other than the # 079: #2 stable? # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 079: #2 the barn. # Cow pen sometimes, where you have a cow enclosed or something. Um course now you're not thinking of a dairy? Interviewer: No but now are there separate barns sometimes where cows are kept? 079: I suppose so. If anybody had even been having enough to get there which is had several cows. But I don't think about anything but just a barn. Interviewer: Is there a special measure for a building where cows would be taken to be milked? 079: Cattle shed maybe? No. Cow barn is sometimes a term cow is put in front of barn. That's all I can think of. Interviewer: Alright. Uh do you know of any equipment that's used in milking cows? 079: {NW} I'm not much a farmer {C:laughing} {NW} Yeah, you use your hands {C:laughing} I used to could milk {C:laughing} Using both my hands. Interviewer: Well it's beautiful equipment. 079: And of course they have milkin-milking machines. Interviewer: Alright. What is um the animal that is raised on a farm for pork? 079: Hog. Interviewer: And what's the enclosure where they are? 079: A pigsty or pigpen. Interviewer: What about a farm and I think perhaps you mentioned this a minute ago that keeps cows for 079: #1 Yeah. Dairy. # Interviewer: #2 milking purposes? # And do you know w-what do you think of when you say dairy do you think of what I just said or? 079: I if you say somebody runs a dairy I think of a big barn and the cows and equipment that they'd have and the cream separators and whatnot. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now do you make a distinction between the dairy as a dairy farm and the dairy as the people who who deliver milk? 079: Yes, today they'd be at the station there are some dairies that are just they're they're just organization of the cows, the milking and that. It's not part of a farm or anything. There are some dairies that its a man who owns a farm and has a large number of cows and sells the milk. And in a way you'd think about it in a little different connection. One is a completely just a commercial enterprise for the selling of milk and the other is part of a farm. Interviewer: But you'd probably refer to them both as #1 dairies? # 079: #2 Yes # I'd expect so, that farmer runs a dairy. We'd say. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And just the 079: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 context # 079: #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 the context would really take # 079: Tell you which you mean. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call the weed that's grown and chopped up to put in be put inside cigarettes? 079: Tobacco. Interviewer: And what do you call the area where there is grown? 079: #1 {D: The field} # Interviewer: #2 The full area # 079: #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 where it's grown. # 079: Let me see, something other than a field. Tobacco I don't believe that word's comes to me now. Interviewer: Alright. 079: N-n-now {C: laughing} tell me what you had in mind and see what Interviewer: Uh how about patch? 079: No, I'd say a cotton patch but I wouldn't say a tobacco #1 patch. # Interviewer: #2 You wouldn't? # 079: Uh well no I-I-I don't and people may say it t-the field where tobacco is raised but I wouldn't uh I'd just say look at that field of tobacco out there. Interviewer: #1 Alright. Is there # 079: #2 {D: I don't think I had anything else turn up} # Interviewer: something beside cotton that you would use in 079: #1 Patch. # Interviewer: #2 r-refer # 079: Yes, corn patch. We'd speak of a corn patch. And a cotton patch. But I don't believe anything else. Has the word patch Interviewer: Does patch mean size really? Do you determine 079: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 patch by how big the free area is? # 079: Yes, perhaps if there was a great big field of cotton we wouldn't say a cotton patch. Uh, or a great big field of corn. I believe it's, it tends to be a smaller area. Interviewer: Do you have any other descriptions for fields 079: #1 Now but one thing I thought of another kind of patch. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: A briar patch. Born and bred in a briar patch. Interviewer: Oh. 079: {NW} Interviewer: Brer rabbit. 079: Yeah yeah. Uh any other term for #1 field did you say? # Interviewer: #2 any other # terms that you might use for fields to distinguish their size from one another. 079: Well let me think. There are things I've read, on some big farms, they'd speak of a quarter section of something that they had in in cotton or corn. Great big farms in the west where they had great big areas of cotton. Uh and where it's laid off in sections and quarter sections, but it's not here in this area. So I guess I'd just say a large field. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Would you name as many different kinds of fences that you can think of? According to their construct 079: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 the material used to build. # 079: old time rail fence. And uh wire fence, of course we can include a lot of different kinds of wire fences. And then the kinds of fences that used to have round everybody's yard called a picket fence. That was in town, that wasn't in the country. And then just the plain old board fence that's planks, but not of not of what's that first one I said? Not a ra- not a rail fence {C: laughing} No, they've got lots logs going this way and that way. Interviewer: Right. 079: I guess that's, uh. Interviewer: What would you call a fence around an area where you grew vegetables? 079: Well now let me see, oh you thinking about a garden fence? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what do you call the upright lumber between which you string the wire? 079: The post. Interviewer: #1 And you # 079: #2 Fencepost # would be my way of saying of that. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh is there are there synonyms for rail fences that you think of? 079: Uh now there's something else we call it beside a rail fence seems to me look at that old {NW} can't think of anything but rail. It seems to me that there is another word, do you have another word in mind? Interviewer: No, not really. 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is there are there different ty- constructions of rail fences? #1 The way they're put together? # 079: #2 Well not not in my mind. # #1 The rail fence is the logs you know laid # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 079: this way and that way and this way and that way with no nails having to hold 'em. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But there's no other way that they could be put together that you think of? 079: Not that I would think of as I speak of a rail fence that's what I'd mean that one's just laid up that way. Interviewer: Alright. Now, I think maybe we're getting into something that is easier for you. 079: {NW} I know a little bit more about {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Kitchen type terms that # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 men generally know more about farms, and women more about # 079: #2 Yeah. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: and men could certainly be bewildered 079: #1 Yes I'd expect so. # Interviewer: #2 by that kitchen terms. # 079: {NW} Interviewer: If you were trying to distinguish for someone the two types of dishes that you had 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You would have company dishes of course. 079: Yeah. Interviewer: And your everyday dishes. You're referring to your company dishes, you might say my 079: Good china. Interviewer: And what do you call the round, usually white object that you would put in a hen's nest to urge her to get with it 079: #1 and lay. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # 079: You call 'em nest eggs? China eggs? We used to have 'em. I think we spoke co- spoke of 'em as china eggs. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call 079: I'd forgotten about them, I hadn't thought of them in years and years and years and years {C: laughing} I was supposed to encourage her to lay right? {C: laughing} Interviewer: Well it's supposed to make them think 079: #1 One egg all day long. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Power of positive 079: #1 That's right. That's right. # Interviewer: #2 thinking. # Do they still use those at all? 079: I expect so. Interviewer: #1 Some people I'm sure # 079: #2 I expect so people that raise # the layers, you know hens for eggs, I expect they do. {NW} Interviewer: And do they use the same thing for darning, or was that a different sort of 079: A darning egg. That was a smooth sort of a thing, it wasn't um well now Mama had a little gourd that was so smooth she used for a darning egg as we called it. But you bought them uh but they weren't like an egg that you put in the nest the white china eggs, they were generally Hmm sometimes they were on a little handle and you held the little handle Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 079: #2 And pull the # stocking down over it and you have it in your hand there people don't darn stockings anymore, do they? Interviewer: No they don't. 079: #1 Yeah, Mama could # Interviewer: #2 I think my mother is the last of the darners. # 079: darn so pretty. Interviewer: #1 Mother taught me how though # 079: #2 Yes # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Yeah yeah. # Interviewer: What do you call the utensil that you use to bring water in from a well? 079: Bucket. Now some people call that a not a poke that's for a sack isn't it? I think I have to use another term for bucket that some people in the country use. Course when you say pail in some areas. Interviewer: Does this make a difference, are they synonyms or? 079: Well I did would never use the word pail uh I would use bucket. And bucket would be any fair sized container to bring water in. Carry water in. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And where would you put in what sort of container would you put the food scraps that you had left from a meal? 079: I would call that my garbage can. Interviewer: What do you call the utensil that's put on the stove uh and you usually melt grease in it and put something 079: #1 Skillet. # Interviewer: #2 in it? # A-huh. And it's another name 079: Frying pan. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call a heavy iron pot that's used or had been used on a stove to boil water? 079: Well we used to speak of, now people up north call it a kettle, but we called it, in the valley we called it a pot. Because my mother spoke of a kettle she didn't call it pot, she called it an iron kettle. The big black ones you would use to boil beans in when we were children, to Mama that was an iron kettle. But to our neighbors it was a pot. Interviewer: Now is this different from the small things that we call tea kettles? 079: Yeah, yes. Interviewer: #1 Now how do you # 079: #2 Yeah now # you probably never saw a kettle honey Interviewer: #1 No, I never have. # 079: #2 like I'm talking about. # Well they were they were about this big around and about this tall and they were black just like a black skillet. Now you've seen a black skillet. Iron skillet. Well that's what they were. They were iron pots and Mama cooked all her vegetables in those iron kettles. She called it we called it an iron pot. Interviewer: Did they cook it somewhat, I had 079: #1 Oh they cooked it for hours # Interviewer: #2 {D: whole skillets} # 079: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh um. # M-my mother's old iron skillets cook better than #1 anything. # 079: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Do kettles cook that well? # 079: #2 and an I didn't # {D: have string beans cook in one of those little iron pots were good} cooks 'em about three hours, it ought to be Interviewer: Yeah I imagine so. what did you season them with? {NW} 079: Salt pork uh uh now that's the term that varies in different areas uh mama called it bulk meat. B-U-L-K bulk meat. That was in Ohio. Uh people in this area whom we knew when we were growing up called it fat back or side meat or boiling meat, they call it boiling meat a lot of times Now I never called it boiling meat but a lot of people would. Interviewer: #1 And they're all the same? # 079: #2 See my my # Yeah. Uh-huh. My language is a mixture of things that mama said coming from Ohio and things that Papa said and that she picked up here you see. Course we've lived here always, we were born here, but still we had a friend, I think I told you seven years ago who would uh laugh at some of the things we said because it was strange to him because it was some of Mama's expressions that we didn't even realize we were using differently from anybody else. Interviewer: Where is your father from? 079: He was born here in New Orleans. See we're second generation {X} and now his people came from Carolina. And uh so we're southern Interviewer: #1 How did he where did # 079: #2 all through on that # Interviewer: he and your mother meet? 079: Uh Interviewer: #1 Did she come here # 079: #2 Pap- Mama had come # Mama lived up in Ohio and she had come south to trim, she wanted to come south and one reason she was felt maybe the climate would be good for her brother who was sick. But he never did come. But she came south and she was a milliner she had been trained at the wholesale uh house in Cincinnati she lived in Columbus, Ohio. And it was a regular trade that young women learned then because every store every millinery store you know you remember stores that didn't sell anything but hats. But it the town {D: staggered on} {C: may be the name of a town but I can't understand it} had four or five good millinery stores. Didn't sell them in department stores, sold them in millinery stores. and every spring and fall they got a trimmer to come in and trim up a whole lotta hats somebody who really knew the skill of the trade, and Mama knew it because she'd been trained in it. And so she came south to trim and she did boarded down here at the hotel which stood where the florist is now you know the hotel and Papa was boarding there because his mother had died and the family had broken up and he so he was boarding there that's where they met just within a stone's throw right out our back door here is where they met. And uh so we had do have as I say a lotta I would notice some things about our language that somebody that whose both of whose parents had always lived here wouldn't Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 079: #2 think of that, you see? # See I I know that bulk meat if I went into a store and asked for bulk meat they might not know what I meant. Interviewer: Oh I don't 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 think so. # 079: And to me bulk meat is bulk meat its salt pork, its fat back, its volume meat {C: laughing} You see you have a number of different ways of calling it. Interviewer: What do you call a glass container that you would put flowers in? 079: Vase. Interviewer: And when you sit down at the dinner table you will have three utensils to eat with. 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {D: Would you like to tell} # 079: #2 Knife, fork, and spoon. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if you had two of the sharp utensils they would be? 079: Oh you mean two knives? Or were you thinking about two forks? Uh-huh two knives. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: After you work in a barn it's necessary that you do something to your hands before you eat. 079: That you wash your hands. Interviewer: Uh what uh can you summarize for me the activities that would follow having a large dinner uh the cleaning up process. 079: Yes, I would say we'd clear the table first and then we would uh scrape the dishes and um put the scraps in our pail our garbage pail covered container, and then we'd put 'em in the dishwasher today. {C: laughing} Years ago we would get out the uh dish pail full of hot soapy water and then washed 'em and rinsed 'em. And then we spoke of drying them, putting them away and um any other terms that? Interviewer: #1 No, that's that's just fine. If um # 079: #2 {D: Alright cause if} # Interviewer: you wanted to say that she um I washed 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 the dishes # and she 079: #1 Dried them. Wiped them? # Interviewer: #2 Not dries them but the next # Uh no. 079: Oh. Interviewer: Usually the same person does this but 079: Rinse. Interviewer: #1 Yes, she would # 079: #2 Yeah. # #1 Rinse them. She rinsed them. # Interviewer: #2 she # Uh present tense. 079: She will rinse rinse them. I rinse the dishes after I wash them. Interviewer: Alright. Uh would you give me some terms for the equipment that you would use to clean dishes uh pieces of cloth or 079: #1 I would speak of the dishcloth square # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: or a sponge that I might have, a sponge. And the tea towel or dish towel to dry them. Dish pan, to wash 'em in if I don't have a dishwasher {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Any um hard objects that you might use? 079: {D: Nothing in particular} Interviewer: To help get the uh 079: #1 Oh like like a scraper # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: of some kind? Interviewer: Yes. 079: #1 Yeah yeah yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 If you were doing them by hand # 079: #1 Might have a # Interviewer: #2 which you might # When when you were growing up did you have anything of the sort of of scraping to help get the 079: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: remember that. Now today we have to scrape a pan or anything we have a little soap pad Interviewer: #1 yes # 079: #2 you know # Things of that sort. Interviewer: I wondered if you had anything 079: We didn't grow up with those. Good old octagon soap was our standard Interviewer: Yes. My mother washed clothes with octagon soap 079: #1 Octagon soap # Interviewer: #2 so for # 079: #1 {D: would fix those} # Interviewer: #2 years would # 079: #1 {D: And I had a friend who} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: used it for her face and she had the most beautiful complexion Interviewer: #1 Really? # 079: #2 there ever was. # She loved that strong octagon soap for her face. Interviewer: #1 So what her skin didn't fall off? # 079: #2 Oh soft as it could be. # Interviewer: Oh. 079: Yeah, but it all of which goes to show all of these commercials don't mean a thing Interviewer: That's right, absolutely. Would you name as many different kinds of towels that you can think of? 079: Well, I would have bath towel a hand towel a tea towel a guest towel did I say a dish towel? Interviewer: Mm I think so. 079: Mm-hmm. Huh that's all I can think of. Interviewer: Alright. What would you call the handles that you would turn to make water come out. 079: Faucet. Interviewer: And the part that the water came out of? 079: If I were gonna measure that I'd call it a spigot. Interviewer: Alright. We are talking about the word burst. Today the water pipe 079: Today the water pipe burst. Interviewer: Yesterday a different one 079: Burst. Interviewer: And several of them this winter have 079: Had burst. Interviewer: What is the wooden container that's used for example to store flour in large #1 lots? # 079: #2 Bin # maybe? Interviewer: Uh well I'm thinking 079: #1 Or a # Interviewer: #2 maybe of # a round uh container. 079: I don't know what you'd call {NW} Interviewer: I I don't think you'd have them in your home but I think probably they would store them would have stored flour this way in a general store. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Uh.It's wooden # 079: #1 Uh now was it, # Interviewer: #2 with iron rings. # 079: were they in barrels? Flour barrels, yes you spoke of the flour barrel, didn't you? You know it's been years since you've seen a barrel, it's been years since I've seen a bucket except our mop bucket. {NW} But a regular bucket like you used to see so much just practically cylindrical Um So many things came in it in buckets when we were children. But you don't use buckets today. Uh the nearest to it is a container of Crisco or something, it's not a bucket anymore used to have a handle on it, you know. Interviewer: That's right. I hadn't 079: #1 Yeah? A lot of things changed. # Interviewer: #2 thought about it in that. {X} # 079: that we don't got that good plastic topping on it no. Interviewer: That hasn't that's been around for 079: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 a while. That hasn't # changed just 079: #1 {D: No, not this not not just right lately hmm.} # Interviewer: #2 recent, very recent. # The bucket you were saying uh the kind I have are galvanized. 079: Yeah, but {X} yeah. Interviewer: It's the sides that 079: #1 S- sides # Interviewer: #2 {D: were uh} # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 # 079: #1 But a lot of things used to be in buckets about this big around and about that tall # Interviewer: #2 {D: Now, there were buckets in} # 079: and they were brass looking gold looking, or brass looking on the inside and I don't know what came in 'em, or why we always had to have a bucket around but we did. Now those buckets have just practically gone out. Interviewer: That's right. 079: Just like barrels have. Modern child toddler never seen a wooden barrel with wouldn't know what barrel staves were or anything. Interviewer: That's right. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call a small barrel for example that you might keep nails in? 079: Keg. Interviewer: And what would you call I believe they were metal containers that a general store would've kept molasses or lard in? 079: Well let's think hmm. A syrup a molasses Well that would be Interviewer: I think of it in terms of lard. My mother 079: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 had some and she called 'em lard # 079: #1 Lard. # Interviewer: #2 somethings. # 079: Well I can't think, now different kinds of lard used to come in buckets. Um {D: Cothelene} and stuff like that was before you was born {NW} {C: laughter} Oh. Uh I don't know what you're getting at, I don't believe {X} Interviewer: Alright, well have you heard of lard stands? 079: What now? Interviewer: Lard stands. 079: Stand? No. Now the word stand it doesn't mean a thing to me in that position. Now I can use it in a connection that you probably don't know and this may be northern uh do you ever call a little table a stand? Well now Mama would say bring that little stand out in the room Interviewer: I think somebody in my family does 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 that # 079: {X} {D: might have might've been handed down to them somewhere} Interviewer: Well mother got some metal containers with lids that pushed down very hard 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: On them they were seal- almost sealed. They were about so high 079: {NW} Interviewer: #1 And about so big around. And she called 'em lard stands. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And she called 'em lard stands. 079: S-T-A-N-D? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: No that's not in my vocabulary or experience at all that wouldn't mean a thing to me. Interviewer: If you had some liquid that you wanted to transfer from one bottle to another and one of the bottles had a very narrow neck, you might put something in it? 079: A little funnel. Interviewer: And what is the leather implement that you use, you might crack it to make a horse go faster. 079: A whip? Interviewer: And what would you say if you wanted to use this word in referring to giving a child a spanking? 079: I would say give him a whipping. {NW} Interviewer: Do you do you really use this very much as a verb um, for a child? 079: I think it is used you hear parents or someone say if you do that I'll whip you. And sometimes I say to my boys and they say uh they're not going to do so "what'd you do to me if I don't?" I said I'd just whip you. That's just for fun you know, but uh yeah its its common enough usage. Interviewer: Alright. What is the material that a bag or a sack that's not cloth is made of? 079: Uh leather #1 perhaps? You thinking of a pocketbook as a sack or a bag like that? A grocery. # Interviewer: #2 No, I'm thinking of it like a grocery sack. # 079: Well if it's not paper? Interviewer: That's it. 079: Well we have a good many of cellophane today. You thinking of that? Interviewer: No, paper was just fine. 079: What? Cause I remember when you said paper I got Oh and one thing about that whipping and spanking, Mama never would say that she'd whipped us. She'd spanked us when we were little but she didn't whip us, she didn't like that term. Interviewer: I was wondering about 079: #1 Uh huh. # Interviewer: #2 that distinction, if people made that # 079: #1 Yeah, there is a distinction there I think. # Interviewer: #2 distinction. # Uh what is the term if if you think of one for a very heavy cloth sack? 079: {NW} Burlap sack? Or a tow sack? Or um I can't think of anything else. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call, is there a term that you use for the amount of say corn that you would mill at one time or that you would take to the mill at one time? 079: I don't think of anything but a load of corn. Take a load of corn to the mill. Or a load of cotton. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a turn of corn? 079: No, I had never heard that term. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Maybe called that on the farm, around here maybe, but I never heard that. Interviewer: Alright. Uh is there a term that you think of to refer to a partial load of say wood or coal? The point being that it's a partial load rather than a #1 full load? # 079: #2 No # I don't think of any one word. Wh-what do you have in mind? Interviewer: {NW} 079: Well if you have anything in mind I'd like to know if I can tell ya whether I ever heard it or used it though I might not bring it to mind with just your asking me. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call the amount of wood that you could carry at one time uh by hand? You might say I have a? 079: Well we always said a load of, we're bringing in a load of wood, we'd say. Now somebody else may have some other terminology for that but that's all we would've used and when we were children you brought in a load of wood very often cause you had to fill up the wood box cause you cooked with it, you see. Interviewer: Did you use the word load rather than say armload? 079: Yes. We'd just say a load. How many loads of wood did you bring in we'd say. Interviewer: {NW} You kept track of each 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 other. # 079: Oh yes we worked hard to get the lo- wood the wood all in before Papa came home so he'd be proud of us. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the implement that is usually now made of plastic but could be made of wicker that you would for example put your clothes in when you brought 079: #1 Hamper. # Interviewer: #2 them off a line. # 079: A hamper. Well a hamper or a clothes basket. Interviewer: What were the metal or bone round objects that were put usually in petticoats in plantation days 079: #1 Hoops. Hoops yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: southern girls wore them} # And can you tell me some terms for bottle stoppers? 079: Cork and {D: I don't think} I don't know if I'd know of any other one that I'd use. Well a screw top or something on some of these bottles that have a screw top. Interviewer: Alright. What is the musical instrument that is played by breathing in and out and moving the instruments across your mouth? 079: Now is that a flute? Or Interviewer: More of a country, Johnny Cash plays one. 079: Um. Interviewer: It's the with his guitar. 079: I can't think which one would say Interviewer: It has its a flat 079: Not a mouth organ, not a uh harmonica? Interviewer: That's 079: The harmonica? That's more what you had in mind. Interviewer: Do you think of any other words that are used for it? 079: Um. It seems like there's something else. Now a Jew's harp's a different thing, it's a twangy little thing that you play. Sometimes people will call a harmonica a Jew's harp but it's not. Interviewer: I think that's 079: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 what they took away from what we were thinking. # 079: #1 {D: I don't think of any other term, or sometimes} # Interviewer: #2 Some people might would use the # Have you ever heard of of of it being called a French Harp? 079: French Harp? Yes, I have heard it called that, but that I don't expect I'd call it that, but I'd know what you mean. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you is that uh would you say Southern rural Georgia type usage? Or would you have heard it from somewhere else do you think? 079: A French Harp. I don't believe that's in too common usage. But if I went in the store and wanted one I think I'd say a harmonica. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What is the instrument that you use to drive nails? 079: Hammer. Interviewer: And can you name me as many parts of a wagon as you can think of? 079: Well let me see there's the uh the bed you speak of it the p-part th-th that holds the stuff. The springs, the wheels the tongue that goes out that you hitch the mules to the seat um the hmm something else I'm trying to think of. Piece there down underneath. It's been some time since I've seen many wagons. {NW} That's about all I can think of right off. {C: laughing} Interviewer: What do you call in a buggy the two pieces that stick out in front 079: #1 The uh. Put # Interviewer: #2 that you put the horse in between? # 079: the horse between the my gosh have I forgotten that? How many the times have I hitched up. I can't think Interviewer: Chains? 079: W-w Well yes, of course. {D: Couldn't have thought about that if I'd had to} Interviewer: What is the uh have you ever heard of the whippletree? 079: Whistle tr- Whippletree? Interviewer: Whipple. Whippletree, that's what I was trying to think of is a whiffle, which is 079: #1 whipple- I believe, whippletree. # Interviewer: #2 I'm # 079: that is something in the buggy that maybe the thing the {D: chaffs} are fastened onto, I believe that gives I'm not Interviewer: I don't 079: Kind of forgetting about my horse and buggy now I drove one back around 1918, but that's been some time ago {NW} {C:laughter} We had an old white horse kinda surly Interviewer: Uh what do you call the outside part of the wheel on a wagon? The 079: The rim I guess you'd just call it the rim. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh is do you remember the wooden part that was inside of the rim? 079: That was inside the rim? Now let's think a minute. I don't, can't think of a term for that, I may have known it as a child, the spokes of the wheel and the axle But I don't think of what you Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a {D: Fiery} 079: {D: Fiery?} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: No. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Is that a term # No, that was never used around me as as a child and we as I said always had either a buggy or a carriage now we, we had a wagon when we lived in one town in the country for about a year and a half. Interviewer: Alright. Can you think of some terms that are used for the process of hauling wood or or hauling anything? 079: Like a {D: draid} Interviewer: Well maybe 079: #1 {D: Hauling anything draid} # Interviewer: #2 the process of hauling? # Some synonyms maybe for hauling? 079: Well let me see. Now uh in town moving things transfer probably or something like that something like that. But I can't think of what you trying to get at honey. Interviewer: Alright. 079: To haul any to haul some lumber one place to another. I just say haul. Now a-anytime that you want to suggest a word I'll Interviewer: #1 I-I will. # 079: #2 tell you whether its common usage or not. # Even if I-I can't think of it it still might be something that as a child I heard a lot, ya know? Interviewer: Alright. Uh now we're gonna talk about another word. Drag. 079: Drag? I will drag it now and I dragged it yesterday and I have dragged it many times. Now some people say drug or something, but that's not a. Interviewer: And today I am going to? 079: Still talking about drag? So I'll drag it. {NW} {C: laughter} Interviewer: I'll just give you the word and you give me the principal parts. 079: Yeah {C: laughing} Interviewer: What is the instrument that's used in a farm to turn soil? 079: Plow. Interviewer: And do you know of any different kinds of plows? 079: Well of course there are Some of 'em are hand plows they're the little hand instruments that people have that they can push. And then there's of course a plow that you drive uh hitch a mule or a horse to and of course {D: gotta account for} plows, but I don't think of another name, maybe I should but I'm thinking. Interviewer: Alright. Um what is an implement that's used to break up clods? 079: Well huh let me think. A hoe would be used for that some. Interviewer: #1 One that maybe # 079: #2 A pick # Interviewer: a horse might pull. 079: The horse? Uh uh wait a harrow. Interviewer: Alright. Do you think of a term that could be used in the process of sawing wood for what you would put say on if you had a a tree with the branches taken off? One long 079: Big log, uh-huh. Interviewer: Alright if you wanted to saw this into sections, you might put it on something. 079: Well you thinking about sawhorses? Uh wait you oh you know what they are right? Wooden, wooden things that you put something across on. Um I don't think. That's something you'd put it on. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. Can you think of # 079: #2 when you're ready to saw. # Interviewer: anything on a farm particularly that might be used? 079: Well I don't know if I can think of what you're getting at. Interviewer: Do you think of any kind of frame? 079: Anything but the word frame? Mm no well it nothing there that's for me to remember. Interviewer: Does either A frame or X frame 079: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 mean anything? # 079: That doesn't mean anything to me. Interviewer: Alright. In the morning when you get up uh you may comb your hair but then you have another #1 instrument # 079: #2 Brush. # Interviewer: Alright. If you say that you are going to go through this process, you might say I'm going to? 079: I'm going to comb my hair or brush my hair I'm gonna fix my hair. Uh you used to you put up your hair. {NW} Interviewer: I'm glad we don't do that 079: #1 Uh yeah {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 anymore. # I'd imagine some of the girls now though 079: #1 Yeah they are # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 {D: they've got lots of} # Interviewer: #2 something to go through, right? # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When you are using a rifle and you have shot a rifle 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: then you eject something. #1 The lead # 079: #2 Cartridge. # Interviewer: Alright. 079: {D: But I know about it} {D: Right but there's purely reading to see how bad it} Oh and I have never handled a firearm in my life. Interviewer: My father wanted me to learn. #1 {X} # 079: #2 Well I think it's smart for people to # but we never kept I think at one time Papa had some kind of a pistol or something Mama made him get rid of it. She said more people been killed by having one around than had been saved by having one around and I expect that's the truth. The lawyers killed out here at home yesterday. Interviewer: Really? 079: He and his brother, little brother were playing with a gun. Interviewer: Oh no. 079: #1 Why the children had it # Interviewer: #2 How old were they? # 079: Ten or twelve. Maybe eight or ten, I'm not sure just how old the boys #1 about ten or # Interviewer: #2 A pistol or? # 079: Uh what now? Interviewer: A pistol or? 079: I don't know what it was, it was it was they spoke of a gun children were playing with a gun, now guns are wide widely used term. Interviewer: Should never have 079: Mm. Interviewer: a gun around like that. Particularly loaded or 079: #1 No, no. # Interviewer: #2 a way they can load it. # What is the construction that children make sometimes by perhaps using the sawhorse and a board and putting the board #1 across # 079: #2 A playhouse? # Interviewer: Uh no, you put the board across the sawhorse and one gets on one end 079: Oh a seesaw. I thought you were building something. {NW} Interviewer: Well I did say construction. Uh when the children are on the seesaw, you say they are? 079: Seesawing. Interviewer: Uh can you think of any homemade play things that you had when you were a child? 079: Papa made us a seesaw and he made us a flying jenny. Interviewer: What do you call a flying, how'd you make a #1 flying Jenny? # 079: #2 Well # It wouldn't fly when you see it at the fair or anything but he put a post in the ground, and then he had a pla- a nice a nice plank, smooth plank and he had a hole and a deep {D:boat and everything} and each end of that he fi- had a little uh seat fixed sort of a handle across you could hold, a place we could sit and it would turn, he had it so that it'd turn around easily and you'd somebody'd get in there and push you, don't know and you just go around it's more fun. Interviewer: {NW} 079: Papa made anything he made us a playhouse one time, uh he had a woodshed and he decided he'd uh build another woodshed and give us that building for a playhouse. So he papered the walls and he made us furniture our grandfather helped him, he's a Interviewer: #1 He was handy # 079: #2 he was a cabinet, oh yeah. # Grandpa was a cabinet maker by trade. Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 079: #2 A cabinet maker. # That was my mama's father he had a buggy company in Sundale, Ohio {NW} when she was a little girl and made buggies and uh so he was uh a fine cabinet maker, he could make all kinds of things I don't know if I've got anything around that he made but uh he'd make tables like that and uh things he was just very skilled at that and they made us doll furniture and you know we had a good time. {NW} Interviewer: Mm. {D: That's well} How many children were there? 079: Three of us. Three sisters. Interviewer: #1 Three sisters? # 079: #2 Uh-huh. And it just # uh well I my Louise is oldest, she's a year and a half older than me and I'm two years older than Ruth so see we were close #1 together. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes. # 079: #1 And we did everything together, and still do. # Interviewer: #2 And being girls # 079: #1 Yeah, do everything yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Well yeah, I guess so. # Being girls, that really worked that really worked out. It made it nice cause we certainly did enjoy playing together. #1 Oh that's wonderful # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 All # 079: #2 {D: And she didn't play annoying during those days like they do today.} # Cause they didn't have TV and they didn't have as many other things, outside things, to amuse 'em. And you played, you made up things that you played yourself. You played dolls and you played cowboys and you played Indians and you played this and you played that. Interviewer: Do you think they were more creative #1 then than what they do # 079: #2 yes, I think they was # I believe they was. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you have very many ball t-toys? 079: Well we always did, had nice things we got at Christmas and all of that. Mom and Pop couldn't afford three doll carriages so we had one pretty doll carriage and we all played with it. {NS} And uh Interviewer: Did you have any trouble, did you share that? 079: Yeah, we were right good I guess we were {NS} {tape error} Auxilary: We get the volume up, you wanna have the volume up so it Interviewer: {NW} Now how if- if you were saying to someone, "he ought to do this" but then you wanted to negate that, how would you go about? 079: He ought not to. Interviewer: Alright. If someone asked you, "would you do that?" You might say no I 079: Will not or I cannot. I ought not to. Interviewer: Or just if you wanted to use a contraction for will not? 079: Uh I won't. Interviewer: Alright. And if you wanna say "can you help me?" you might say well I 079: Might. I may be able to. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what sort of owls are there in we saw one in the parking lot in our very first visit here. Uh what sort are there in this community? You told me that kind of you never saw very many around. 079: {NW} You're talking about O-W-L an owl? Interviewer: Yes, an owl. 079: Uh I've heard of hoot owls and I can't think of any other word {D: in connection} with 'em. We don't ever I don't know when I've ever seen an owl. And you saw one out in the parking lot that first day. Interviewer: Giant. 079: Mm-hmm. {D: Barely several feet} Interviewer: Surely someone had a good card and 079: #1 Must have, must have cause they just aren't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: common to this area at all. Interviewer: Well it was certainly big 079: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: It's just quite a surprise. What is the what do you think of a hoot owl as looking like? 079: Well You could just describe an owl as a bird that has a rather large head and Interviewer: Well maybe I ought to ask you if do you think of them being a particular size or color? 079: Yes, a fairly good sized bird by that I mean oh a foot not a foot tall, but about eight to ten inches? And brown, shades of brown. Interviewer: Uh, have you ever heard of screech owls? 079: Yeah, I've heard of that but I think they're kinda Interviewer: Now do you think of it as being smaller, larger, different 079: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 colors? # 079: whether it uh I never saw a screech owl so I just don't know {NW} {X}. Interviewer: What is the bird that you'll see in on the tree frequently sort of pecking on the tree with his 079: Woodpecker? Interviewer: Alright. Uh and the animal that you sort of stay away from because he has the power to give off a very unpleasant 079: A skunk? Interviewer: Uh do you know some other words? 079: Polecat. Interviewer: Alright. Are there are these the same thing? 079: As far as I know they're exactly the same. Interviewer: Alright. You ever heard of a civet cat? 079: No, don't believe so. Interviewer: {D: In that relationship?} 079: No, uh-uh. Interviewer: Alright. Uh is there something that you would, a word that you might use for any kind of animal that you just wouldn't want around your house? That you ju- you might say um 079: Well there's pest. {D: I can't think of anything but that} #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 Sort of # that sort of type word, but usually you think of it perhaps you might think of it as being more of an animal nature. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Pest could go over insects is the} # 079: No I can't think of what word you've had in mind. Now if you want to say a word I'll tell you whether its common to me or not. Interviewer: {NW} 079: I can't think of what Interviewer: Do you ever use the word varmint? 079: No, I that I would never think of that. Though I- I would know exactly what it meant if I read it somewhere. Think of might've been rats and mice and things like that would come under that term mind you, wouldn't they? But I wouldn't use the word, I don't expect. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what are the little animals that you find living in trees and gathering nuts? 079: Squirrels. Interviewer: Alright. Are there a different color 079: #1 Yes, we've got a white one out at school. # Interviewer: #2 for squirrels? # Hey. 079: Mostly they gray, but every once in a while I'll go out and say "see that white squirrel out there?" Now that's an albino squirrel. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Hmm. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do we have any red squirrels in this area? 079: Not in this area I don't suppose cause I've never seen one of them in the wild. But there are red squirrels. Interviewer: The ones we see mostly are gray? 079: #1 {D: They they look really} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 079: And once in a while we'd see one running down. Saw one run across the street just the other day. Interviewer: Oh yes, I've seen them. 079: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I've been driving around Rome, uh a little animal that is found living I think in the ground, but I'm not sure that is akin to a squirrel and has little stripes on its back? 079: Now that's a chipmunk? Interviewer: #1 That's what I'm thinking. I don't know, do they live in the ground? # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # I believe that Interviewer: #1 I'm not sure. # 079: #2 they do. # And you know squirrels didn't used to be common in town at all cause we'd ride out to the Berry school when we were children to see squirrels. Interviewer: Would you? 079: Mm-hmm. You couldn't see 'em in town. {X} Interviewer: Uh do you know of any synonyms for chipmunk? 079: Chipmunk. No, I really don't. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {NW} The kind of shellfish that we're told we're only supposed to eat in months that have an R 079: Oyster. Interviewer: Alright. Say it, would you say it one more time? 079: The kind of shellfish that we eat only in months that have R in the spelling are oysters. Interviewer: {NW} That was very complete. Uh the little amphibian that lives pr-probably in the side of a pond, it croaks a lot is called a? 079: Frog. Interviewer: Alright. Are there different kinds of frogs? 079: Bullfrog, and we use the term "toadfrog" when I don't know that we should. I think a toad and a frog are the same. I guess. Interviewer: Uh is a bullfrog a kind of frog? 079: Larger one. Interviewer: Oh larger? 079: It's a male, I believe, isn't it? Didn't the term "bullfrog" just apply to a male or not? I'm not positive but Interviewer: #1 I'm not positive either. # 079: #2 I believe it is. # Interviewer: Uh what about rain frogs? Have you heard of this? 079: It seems to me I've heard that uh term. Interviewer: Or peepers? 079: Yes, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Does this mean a 079: #1 Now I don't know if a peeper # Interviewer: #2 frog to you? # 079: is a frog or not. I don't know about that, I wouldn't be sure. Interviewer: Alright. What about um you were saying that you weren't sure whether a toad and a frog 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: were the same or not. What about a tree toad? Is this some kind of? 079: I don't know whether that is any different from a frog that hops along on the ground or not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh what are the little slimy creatures that people 079: #1 Snake? # Interviewer: #2 use to go fishing with? # 079: Are you thinking of snails? Interviewer: No. 079: #1 Uh. Uh. # Interviewer: #2 You you dig out of the ground. # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 What do you think? # 079: #2 Oh # Fishworms. Bait worms. {NW} Earthworms to be exact. Interviewer: Hey you ever heard of these called nightcrawlers? 079: Yes. Interviewer: Are they the same thing? 079: I don't know. They sound horribly nightcrawler does it may be something a little worse than a ordinary earthworm but it they may be the same thing. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what is the animal that you find sometimes in your yard and that's capable of pulling his head and his feet into a side of his shell. 079: Would that be a turtle? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now is there another name that you think of for turtle? 079: Tortoise, is that the same thing? I believe it is. Interviewer: No. 079: Oh. Interviewer: Uh what about the word terrapin? Does this ring 079: Terrapin, yes I think that'd be practically the same thing there's probably a distinction, but I don't know it. Interviewer: Do you make a distinction about whether one being oh say lives in the water or the land or does this does this make mean anything to #1 you? # 079: #2 I don't # know, it's usually that terrapin would be more {X} Especially in water though I'm not sure, I may be wrong about that. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of the word gopher used in connection with a turtle? 079: #1 I heard the word gopher? # Interviewer: #2 Or terrapin? # 079: Now gopher is some kind of little animal but I wouldn't think of it in connection with a turtle or a terrapin, but it may be. I don't know what I think a gopher is. Little kind of I don't know like a chipmunk or something I would think. But I may be wrong about that. Interviewer: But you haven't heard it in 079: #1 Uh-uh. No no I haven't, uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 connection with a turtle or a terrapin? # Alright, um some little animals, I think we may have talked about this earlier that uh somewhat like shrimp, say, or very very tiny lobsters that you might find along the side of um of a creek. Uh they have little, they're small faced and they have little pinchers. 079: Now let me see that can't be any kind of a crab or I can't think of a Interviewer: #1 Some people people use them for fish bait # 079: #2 {D: Something something that} # Interviewer: sometimes. 079: Yeah? And I just can't think of what you're talking about. Can't think of the word. Uh. There's some term that something like shrimp, but I can't think Interviewer: #1 {D: Well its} # 079: #2 I mean # Interviewer: suppo- suppose I told you the last part of the word was fish. Some kind of fish and it was a one of 079: Crawfish. That's what I'm trying to say. Interviewer: That 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 that's what you think of? # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Alright say that.} # 079: Ain't it funny, that wouldn't come to my mind but the minute you put said fish and you put something in front of it Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 I had to think of what I was trying to say. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Do you make a distinction between crawfish and say what crayfish? 079: No, as far as I know it's the same thing. Interviewer: Well what about crawdads? 079: Well I don't know that term. Interviewer: You don't know that 079: #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 term? # Uh these, would you say these are different from crabs? 079: Yes. Yes, they'd be different from crabs. Interviewer: Alright. The insect which uh frequently is accused of flying too close to a candle flame and getting singed is? 079: The moth. Interviewer: And two of those would be? 079: Moths. Interviewer: Uh what would you call the insect that flies at night and periodically emits a little glow? 079: Uh. Lightning bug. Interviewer: Alright now are do you distinguishing this from a firefly in any way? 079: No. No, to me they'd be the same. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the the large, I would say rather large insect, probably about so, that you see hovering over a surface of a lake would be called? 079: Hmm. Let me think. I can't think what you're thinking of there. A a dragonfly? Interviewer: #1 That that's what I was thinking of. # 079: #2 Uh-huh. Yeah uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh what about the insect that wh- um is very likely to sting you if you pick one up? 079: A bee? A hornet? A wasp? A yellow jacket? Interviewer: Now do you distinguish between a hornet and a wasp? 079: I would not know one from the other, but I'm sure there's a difference. Interviewer: {NW} Do you think of them as looking pretty #1 much alike? # 079: #2 Yeah, mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And you 079: #1 Now you can tell the yellow jacket cause they're yellow. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} Well I'm glad. {C: laughing} Uh what kind of nest um do they make? 079: Wasps make a nest of some material that they exude from their bodies um that is somewhat oval in shape and sort of hollow inside. And fly in fly out of it. Interviewer: And bees, what sort of things 079: Bees have a have a hive if they, I don't know what they have if if people don't make them a hive. {NW} I don't know what they have {C: laughing} Interviewer: {D: Well that's a problem, isn't it?} Uh when you think of um say a bee, a yellow jacket, and a wasp or a hornet 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Which do you think has the most severe sting? 079: Let me see. I don't know. What the one maybe I just know that one is worse than the other? Interviewer: #1 Well # 079: #2 But I I # Interviewer: strictly do you think of one as having? 079: I do do not think of one being any worse than the other, now I probably should but I don't. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what is a wasp-like insect that does not sting? 079: I've named all the ones I can think of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Can you think of one that um builds say a little house um above the eaves of the house that looks like a little um mud clump of ` 079: Dirt dauber? Interviewer: That's what I was thinking of. 079: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh do you know any other stinging or wh- you said you named just about every 079: I believe I've named all I can think of. Interviewer: Alright. What about uh the very small insect that frequently can get in around your your screen and you don't see them and you have to swat them? 079: Fly. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Housefly. Interviewer: And another kind of insect that also can come in the same way and will bite you and so it can suck your blood. This is a? 079: Mosquito. Interviewer: Alright. If you had more than one you'd call 'em? 079: Mosquitoes. Interviewer: The insect that lives in uh OR in tall weeds for example and is green and hops a lot is? 079: Grasshopper. Interviewer: And what uh do you think of as being a type of small fish that's used for bait to catch other larger 079: #1 Minnow. # Interviewer: #2 fish? # Do you know any other terms for for um small fish that can be used for bait? 079: I don't think of any. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 079: #2 May be. # Interviewer: Uh the filmy substances that you would find sometimes in your house say in a corner or from the ceiling, that you have to get a mop to get down. 079: Spiderweb. Interviewer: Alright. Do you think of make a distinction between spiderwebs and? 079: Cobweb? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: No, I don't. Now a cobweb might just be dust that had accumulated. You might speak of that as a cobweb. But a spiderweb's made by the spider, but I expect to be using them interchangeably. Interviewer: Do you think of one as being indoors and one outdoors sometimes? 079: No, I wouldn't make that distinction. Interviewer: Alright. The part of the tree that is underground are its? 079: The roots. Interviewer: A kind of tree that you might tap to get um sugar from would be a? 079: Maple tree. Interviewer: Alright. Are there kinds of maples then? 079: Yes, sugar maples and plain maples I don't know what term you'd give them but they don't have the sap. Interviewer: Alright. Uh a group of these would be called a maple? 079: Grove? Interviewer: Alright. Uh do you know can you name me other kinds of trees that you can think of that are in this vicinity? 079: You mean just trees around Interviewer: #1 Just trees # 079: #2 here? # Interviewer: #1 just kinds of trees. # 079: #2 {D: Oh well} # Oak tree, pine tree, cedar tree, magnolia tree, fruit trees of all kinds. Interviewer: Okay. 079: Um Probably some beech trees, though I wouldn't know one if I saw it. Uh poplars. Interviewer: {X} 079: Elm. {NW} Interviewer: I think that's 079: #1 {D: Go on and veer right off} # Interviewer: #2 a pretty good list. # I think you got a pretty good list. Uh a tree on which a fruit is grown that has a pit in the center would be? 079: A peach tree or a cherry tree, maybe a cherry tree rather Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 079: #2 than a peach tree. # Interviewer: Um the plant that has three leaves and can make you break out in a rash is called? 079: Poison ivy. Interviewer: Alright is there are there other names using the word poison for this kind of plant or for something similar? 079: Poison oak we say and I don't know what poison oak is. Well unless its the same thing as poison ivy. It's not an oak tree part and it leaf of an oak tree, is it? What is poison oak? Interviewer: I don't really know. 079: I don't either. Interviewer: #1 Have you ever heard of # 079: #2 {D: I ain't never do that} # Interviewer: something called poison sumac? 079: No, I never heard that term applied to sumac. Interviewer: Alright, is this a kind of tree too? 079: Sumac? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: It's I'd call it a bush rather than a tree. Interviewer: Oh really? 079: It does not grow very high its the thing that turns red earliest in the fall Interviewer: Oh really? 079: And has a pretty uh spray-like uh bunch of {D: sometimes leaves kinda}. And uh doesn't grow, it may grow fairly good size but it's not a tree. There'd be a distinction, I'm sure. Interviewer: Does it have an odor or bloom or anything? 079: Not that I know of. Now it seems to me like it maybe after, I don't just when, it has a sort of a bushy something something I suppose is the bloom, a seed pod sort of a thing. Interviewer: Does it drop it's leaves in the winter? 079: #1 Mm yes # Interviewer: #2 Just # 079: yes it would. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Uh if you're talking about berries and you're warning someone not to eat them you might say, "be careful these berries are?" 079: Are poisonous. We'd probably just say poison. But we really ought to say poisonous I guess make an adjective of it. Interviewer: Can you name me as many kinds of edible berries as that you can think of? 079: Strawberry blueberry blackberry elderberry uh boysenberry, that's a new kind of berry. That's all I can think of right off. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the kind of plant that is grown in the mountains frequently around Gatlinburg that has absolutely beautiful flowers and sometimes we have them here I've seen them at the nurseries 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: um it's a rather long word and usually they're kind of large and pink flowers, does this? 079: Rhododendron? Interviewer: Alright. Uh can you tell me any other kinds of plant you think of that are native to the mountain are-area? 079: One kind of berry grows in the mountains, the hu-huckleberry, I forgot Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 079: #2 the name. # And dewberry. Uh and uh now what'd you say, what kind that grow in the mountain? Interviewer: Oh. 079: Just the flower or? Interviewer: Flower no, a plant or a bush or a tree. 079: Well mountain laurel. Interviewer: Alright. What do you think of mountain laurel as being? 079: You mean uh Interviewer: Uh 079: It's a Interviewer: #1 how would you describe it? # 079: #2 small # its a shrub. Which has these beautiful pair of pink flowers, there's tiny little flowers cluster of tiny little flowers. Interviewer: I see. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And how l-how tall does it grow? Does it grow into? 079: Oh sometimes it grows good, big bushes, it's not a tree, it's a bush, but it grows tall sometimes. Interviewer: I see. If you were married and you wanted to um go out on an evening but you thought that you really ought to consult your partner, you might say, "well we'll probably go, but I must ask my?" 079: Husband. Interviewer: And he might say, thinking of you, 079: #1 I'll ask # Interviewer: #2 "I must?" # 079: my wife. Interviewer: Alright. Are there synonyms for husband and wife that you think of? 079: Yes. Well one that can be either one is the word spouse. Whenever they invite people to things out at the college, uh they say you and your spouse meaning if you're a man its your wife if you're a woman its your husband. Uh I can't think of anything else. I don't think right off of another word. #1 {D: That the D sound for husband and wife.} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Uh a lady who has been married but her husband is deceased is a? 079: Widow. Interviewer: And your male parent is your? 079: Father. Interviewer: Uh what did you call your father when you were 079: #1 Papa. # Interviewer: #2 grow? # Did you? Uh 079: That's gone out almost, only very few children say Papa today. Interviewer: Did you have any special other terms that you might call him when you were being unusually affectionate or or would you sometimes call him father or another word you were trying to be very 079: We never used the term father we just weren't taught to, and Mama didn't like Daddy so we didn't say that we just said Papa. Interviewer: #1 You said Papa? # 079: #2 Or we'd say Pops sometime # just for fun kind of. Teasing you know? Interviewer: {NW} Uh your mm of course your female parent is your? 079: Mother. Interviewer: And you called her? 079: Mama. Mostly. Now we called her mother some, but I called her Mama really. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And did you call her anything affectionately or would Mama be #1 your? # 079: #2 Mama would be # I guess as affectionate of a term as we'd think of uh-huh. Interviewer: Alright. Uh your father and your mother together are your? 079: Parents. Interviewer: Uh your mother's father would be your? 079: Maternal grandfather. Interviewer: Alright. Uh did you know any of your grandparents? 079: I knew my mother's father and mother but my father's father and mother were dead before Mama married. Interviewer: What did you call your uh 079: #1 We we said # Interviewer: #2 grandfather? # 079: grandma and grandpa. Interviewer: Did you? 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh did you have any special nicknames for them other than this? 079: Mm no, I don't believe so. We didn't say "granny" or anything like that. Interviewer: I see. The uh offspring of a man and his wife are called their?` 079: Children. {NS} Interviewer: Are there any other synonyms you think of that people use to refer to their 079: #1 Kids # Interviewer: #2 children? # 079: which I do not like. Interviewer: {NW} Alright. {C:laughing} Uh the wheeled vehicle that um people use to take babies out er its called a? 079: Baby carriage or perambulator or a go cart. Interviewer: And they also sometime now have smaller wheeled vehicles for larger children and these are called? 079: {D:Pram?} No? I don't know what else you're thinking of then. Interviewer: That doesn't matter. 079: {NS} Interviewer: When you're taking a baby out in a carriage, you how would you refer to you're going to do what to the baby? 079: Take it out for an outing or an outing or take it for take it for a ride maybe, though I don't think you'd say that or not. Interviewer: Do you ever say wheel the baby? 079: Yes, yes that's common enough. Wheel the baby up and down the street, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay, um if you were married and had a female child, she would be your? 079: Your daughter. Interviewer: And as a daughter she as opposed to a boy she would be a? 079: #1 A a a girl. # Interviewer: #2 She would not be a boy. # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # Uh do you have a term for the ladies that used to assist at the births of children? 079: #1 Midwife. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Relatively} # 079: is the term we well that was used, and uh Interviewer: Are there still very many of those? 079: Not, well I say not many and then I expect in some backwoods districts there still are. {D: Not many.} Up in the mountains some places. Interviewer: Uh if you wanted to talk about the fact the boy had some of the same facial features or mannerisms of his father, you might say "that boy something his father"? 079: We'd say looks like his father. We might say resembles, but we wouldn't say {D: it with him} we'd say looks like him. Interviewer: Alright. Now if you were talking about his face 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You'd say looks like 079: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 or resembles? # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright what about his body? Would you use the same term? 079: We might say he has the same build as his father mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. And if you were talking about his behavior? 079: Has the same disposition as his father. Or the same characteristics, manner of personality. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you wanted to use the verb and say "that boy something his father" would you would you have a #1 word? # 079: #2 Mm. # In thinking about his? Interviewer: His behavior. 079: Behavior. Acts like his father {C: laughing}. Interviewer: {D: I wouldn't what} I wondered what I was thinking 079: #1 Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. Yeah, yeah. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 of this, but it wasn't especially # 079: #1 Yeah yeah, uh-huh. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 looking for it, and I wondered if you would use it. # 079: Think that's what we'd say. Look darling let me ask you something. Uh do you had to come again if I could keep stay with you longer this afternoon? Could you finish and save you another trip? Interviewer: Well I'll be coming back anyway. 079: Will you? Well. Interviewer: Uh but whatever can suit you. 079: Well I just don't want to, I didn't wanna rush you through or anything. Interviewer: #1 No no, this is just fine. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Well now you you keep me posted on time, I don't have a watch Interviewer: #1 I was just looking at it. # 079: #2 on honey. Yes. # Interviewer: It's about two minutes past five. 079: Well, we can do just a few more and then we'd best stop. Interviewer: Alright. Do you say, 079: #1 Yeah. Alright. # Interviewer: #2 {D: I I'll repeat my sentence} # Uh if you're threatening a child, uh about his behavior you might say "if you don't behave yourself you're?" 079: Going to be punished or I'll whip you. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh do you think of differences in degrees of punishment for children concerning your if you're threatening them? 079: Yes, you might threaten to whip them might be the most um dire punishment or you might threaten 'em to the fact that they may go to bed without any supper or you might threaten 'em with not getting to go out and play, something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. We're talking about the word "grow up". 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: We something slowly. 079: Grew up. Interviewer: Alright, but we present tense we? 079: We are growing up. Uh we grow up. {D: And uh scramble or uh} Interviewer: And we something in a hurry? 079: We grow up, we we grow up in a hurry, or we I don't know what else you'd Interviewer: It it doesn't 079: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 matter. # {D: We we've got ones anyway.} 079: Yeah. {C: laughing} Interviewer: And we had before we knew it. 079: We had grown up before we knew. Interviewer: Now, can you think of tell me some words for infants that are born out of wedlock? 079: Illegitimate. Love child. Interviewer: #1 Would you call that # 079: #2 I don't think they # Interviewer: sort of a a joking expression? 079: Which, the love child? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Not so much a joking expression, but one that is sometimes used in some things you read or something, some stories. {D: Something so.} Interviewer: Are there some really negative, prejudiced expressions that are used against illegitimate children? 079: Bastard. It's not used too, it's used more in historical novels maybe. Interviewer: #1 Oh. {C: laughing} # 079: #2 {D: And uh but not in present day language} # Well some people use it. Interviewer: Is there a word you might use, a euphemism or something, if you didn't want to say bastard or you didn't want to say illegitimate, is there another word that you might use? You said love child #1 Maybe you're # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: thinking? 079: I don't think of another one, now what one are you thinking of? Interviewer: I'm not thinking of any 079: #1 Uh-huh. I don't think of another one. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 in particular. Just wondering if you thought of another one. # Um a child whose parents have died? 079: Is an orphan. Interviewer: And an orphan is generally assigned to someone who would be his? 079: Foster parent. Interviewer: Alright. If 079: Or guardian. Interviewer: Alright, that's another. Uh if you're referring to your immediate family in a general sort of way you might say, "Oh they're all my?" 079: Kinfolks? {C: laughing} All my relatives? {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. If you're thinking of your immediate family, would you use a different word than if you were thinking of your whole extended family? 079: Um. I don't know this exactly, look the thing about that we if we're speaking of the whole thing you're talking about family connection. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Not much close kin. But family connection. And then we'd say close kin if we meant people just real close to us. Interviewer: You would? 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But you would you would you use relatives to encompass everyone? 079: Yes, uh if she's a relative of mine it may be a first cousin, and it might be a distant cousin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what about kinfolk, would this be? 079: Well kinfolks is of course, a term used in the south, not used up north. Uh and kinfolks means anybody that's kin to you. Interviewer: #1 And it would be any anyone as well. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Alright. Uh someone who is not a member of your family, you wanted to convey this you might say, "she is?" 079: No kin? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Uh someone 079: No relation now, the uh up north they'd say relation. Interviewer: They would? 079: Yeah huh. Interviewer: Someone who is not born in the United States would be a? 079: An alien. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: A foreigner. Interviewer: Alright now would you distinguish foreigner and stranger in your vocabulary? 079: Uh yes, uh anybody that I've not met before is a stranger. Interviewer: #1 Whether or not he is # 079: #2 Whether he's uh American or otherwise. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 I see. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh the two sisters of Lazarus in the Bible 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Were who? 079: Mary and Martha. Interviewer: #1 I thought since you quoted the Bible to me, I thought I'd # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: get some questions at you.} # 079: #2 Yeah, I can give you some harder ones than that. # Interviewer: #1 {D: Here we go.} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: There is I'm also looking now for Earl's name.} And the way I'm gonna go about it is by referring to a town in Georgia that I think has a delightful name and it's two words, the first word is "Plum." 079: {D: Plum meadow?} Interviewer: #1 That's what I'm thinking of. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 But I don't know any other # 079: #2 Plum outta Georgia and then out of Tennessee. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: What is Nelly a a abbreviation for? 079: In that? Interviewer: No. 079: Uh oh our nah Interviewer: {D: a lady's name} 079: Eleanor is the only name I think of right off but Nell is uh, you may not know but Nell is a nickname for Eleanor. But it is , uh I don't think of anything else. Interviewer: I don't either, I I was wondering 079: Oh Eleanor would be the one I guess, I don't know very many people that are called Nell whose name is Eleanor, but it is a nickname for it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The first book of the New Testament is? 079: Matthew. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I'm gonna use all the Bible things I can give to you. Uh if you were referring to a man whose last name was {D: Cooper} and you wanted to to refer to his wife, you might say Oh that's m that's 079: {D: Missus Cooper} Interviewer: Alright. Now if you wanna uh if you were using the word, that is opposite of mister to refer to a lady, would there be a way that you would say it quickly? 079: Uh sometimes we say miss instead of missus Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Which would you think you use most in your 079: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 speech? # 079: I believe now I I say miss more than we were taught to say missus, Interviewer: #1 Were you? # 079: #2 Missus Thompson # Missus Smith. Mama didn't like to shorten it that way, but I believe today I do. I believe we nearly all do. We say that's Miss Jones. Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: They don't make don't seem to make that distinction. 079: Mm-hmm. Now darling, I could run down to White's and get that and come back and do more if you want me to. {X} Interviewer: Alright, uh I wanted to ask you something that I didn't ask you when we were back talking about hogs. 079: {NW} Interviewer: And I asked you, did you had you ever heard of the term for a castrated male hog? 079: #1 Boar? # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever heard of the word "barrow?" # 079: Now I've heard that word, but I couldn't've told you what it was. I couldn't have defined it. Interviewer: Uh uh you just knew it 079: #1 Yeah, I well oh I # Interviewer: #2 to hear it before it? # 079: I know it have, when you's asked me I know that it does have to do with that, but I I wouldn't have known. Interviewer: Okay. Can you give me a term for a preacher who works part-time or is unqualified? Some kind of preacher? 079: Sometimes we speak of a not a lay preacher, would you think of lay preacher? That'd be somebody who really wasn't ordained but preached. Or an itinerant preacher who went around here there and yonder preaching. Interviewer: This has more of the scent of of a preacher being unqualified. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Really # not able to do his job well. 079: I don't know exactly what you're Interviewer: Heard of Jackleg preacher? 079: Yeah, but more in terms in with connection with a lawyer. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 079: #2 A jackleg lawyer. # I've heard that more than I have jackleg preacher uh-huh. Interviewer: I was gonna ask you what other 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 terms you might use # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 jack-leg with. # 079: #1 Like a lawyer. # Interviewer: #2 Do you know of anyone # other than a lawyer you might use it with? 079: Well I suppose you could use it for a doctor who wasn't qualified or any any professional man who wasn't qualified to do what he was supposed to do but I had never heard it used {D: I don't believe} except in connection with a lawyer. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Do you have a special term that you use for a woman teacher as opposed to a man teacher? 079: No. If I said my math teacher's name was Smith um I wouldn't say anything about him to know whether he was a man or a woman. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Is there a term? Interviewer: #1 I had nothing really in mind. # 079: #2 Professor maybe? # Interviewer: #1 Some people might use # 079: #2 Now in # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 in the vernacular # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Yes, but those are # old-fashioned terms aren't they? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Would you use them at all? 079: #1 No, no, no. # Interviewer: #2 Now in front of yourself? # 079: In fact we never called a few of the boys used to call {D: Mr. Quib Mr.Broy Professor Quib Professor Broy} just for fun. But anybody speaking to them often didn't call 'em professor. Interviewer: Uh now in college, would you make? 079: They did little further back. Interviewer: Oh 079: The man who was superintendent when I started school everybody spoke of him with great respect as Professor Harris. In fact that's the way if I wanted uh to go on and ask me something about Professor Harris, I'd say Professor Harris but you see that was further back. Interviewer: #1 I see # 079: #2 That was further back. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And now in a college you wouldn't make any distinction male or female for professor, would you? 079: #1 No,no. # Interviewer: #2 They had that right? # 079: Don't believe you would. A professor or uh whatever they they had different #1 ranks you know according to their degrees and so on. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. But they # would each 079: #1 Yeah, it'd be the same. Be the same. # Interviewer: #2 {D: just be according to that rank.} # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If you were speaking of my mother's sister, is she would be? 079: Your aunt {C: pronunciation}. Aunt, I say aunt. Aunt {C: pronunciation} sounds better maybe, but it sounds affected to me so I just say plain aunt. Interviewer: Uh in the Bible, do you remember the name of Abraham's wife? 079: Sarah. Interviewer: And Robert E. Lee was a? 079: Well a confederate general? Interviewer: Alright. 079: Want his mother's name? Interviewer: #1 No. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Do you know it? # 079: #2 Anne Hill Carter. # Interviewer: You're 079: Uh-huh, Anne Hill Carter. Uh huh. Interviewer: Is there anything that you don't 079: #1 know about southern history? # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah yeah yeah there's plenty of it. # Oh I wanted to ask you, are there any books written about Rome 079: #1 Yes, there's a good number # Interviewer: #2 that were # worthwhile? 079: Yes. Miss but you can't get a copy. Mr. George Magruder Battey. Back in 1920, when I became interested in the history of Rome cause of Roman essays, school service in Rome I won the prize, so that got me very much interested. And uh I really worked on it though it had five chapters, it was elaborate and I went around to see a lot of people and got information and so on well that was when he was coming back here, he was a native Roman but he'd been away, wanted to write the history of Roman Floyd county and he thought he might get some source material that way from some of the things that children found out and I'm sure he did. And uh his book is good {D: and uh at the time it came out} I didn't I never had enough money to buy a book like that with just what I was {D: out of the house to do} {D: In short in about all to do to make ends meet} and you didn't have much money and uh so we didn't buy books as I would today if a book came out that I wanted I'd get it. Uh and it got out of print. Now they had copies at the library that you can go and look at, but you can't take it out. Interviewer: Do you know the name of it? 079: History of Roman Floyd County by George Magruder Battey. And um every once in a while somebody will find some copy that somebody's willing to sell but it's uh it's pretty hard to get a hold of. Interviewer: I see. 079: Of course I know a lot of it practically by heart but I've looked at it so much. But you can see it anytime you {X} you could look at it honey. Interviewer: Oh I'd like to. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is it at the library down next to city hall? 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Good, I'm in that area I'll look that up. 079: Alright, you go in and look at it. Now they have a lot of interesting things they have the files of the newspapers way back you know Interviewer: #1 Oh do they? # 079: #2 and things like that. Mm-hmm. # On microfilm a lot of it. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 And uh so they have # a right good reference department, you know? They have a Georgia room which in which they have a great many things about Georgia and all you might sometimes find something you wanted there. Interviewer: Do you think this the Chamber of Commerce puts out any kind of reliable information on Rome at the present? 079: Yes, I can think you can certainly count on what they say. They have a lot of little pamphlets and booklets and so on, and I have never found anything in it that I didn't agree with. And I been here a long time and I know pretty well what's true and what's not. Now I wouldn't know all about the facts and the figures about the uh for that in since I Interviewer: #1 But you've got a sense of what # 079: #2 got in my # Interviewer: #1 {D: is reliable.} # 079: #2 that that I had in my history # about the practice of telling that Floyd county farmers clear two million dollars from the livestock industry. A year. Today. Well now I think they wouldn't give that unless they had the figures for it. Clark Howers, who is head of the Chamber of Commerce, a very good friend of mine, and he's a very interesting person I think a very uh capable person. So I imagine they work very hard on these brochures they get out. Interviewer: Well then that that's I 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 think that you would be the one # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 to tell me # because some are not. 079: No, I I think they do I as I say I never seen anything that I thought well I don't know whether that's quite true or not. Uh there are a lot of good things you can say about Rome, its a cultural center, its a manufacturing center, its an educational center uh and there's a whole lot that's good about Rome, its a good town. It is mine. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {D: Well I think you should feel good.} 079: I do too. Interviewer: Uh a man who presides over a court would be a? 079: A judge. Interviewer: And if his name were Marshall you would refer to him as? 079: Judge Marshall. Interviewer: Uh a person who goes to school would be known as a? 079: Student. Interviewer: Now would you make any different terms for whether its a grade school student, high school or college student? 079: No, I don't believe I would. I I it'd be don't I do too you might call people in the primary grades you'd speak of as pupils probably. Interviewer: Would you? 079: I believe I would. I think I'd ask about how many pupils do you have if I were talking about the younger children. But if we're talking about high school I'd say how many students are there in your class? Interviewer: Your phone. 079: Again. {C: laughing} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: A woman who works for a man taking dictation and typing would be the man's? 079: Stenographer or secretary. Interviewer: Alright. The female version of an actor is? 079: Actress. Interviewer: And if you are a citizen of the United States, you are a? 079: An American. Interviewer: Alright. Now um a person whose skin is dark is a? 079: What do you want me to say, African or? Interviewer: In in America? 079: In America? A negro. Interviewer: Alright. Now can you tell me if you were we're talking about now terms that indicate a prejudice for or against 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 the negro race. # If you were trying to be derogatory in an ugly way 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call 'em? 079: Nigger. Some people do at least. ` Interviewer: And is there anything else that you think of? #1 Any other terms? # 079: #2 Uh. # Coon. Um. {NS} Black rascal. {C: laughing} I can't think of anything else. {C: laughing} Interviewer: If you were joking are there any terms you might use? 079: I can't think of Can't think of one. #1 Now you might mention one and # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 079: I'll tell you if it's familiar to me. Interviewer: Now if you were being neutral 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and trying to call them something pleasant but referring to their 079: #1 Either # Interviewer: #2 race? # 079: a colored person or a negro. I would say. Interviewer: Alright. 079: I wouldn't say black man or black woman, which is coming in so much now they'd rather be called blacks some people say, but that's not natural to me {D: we hadn't ever} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: {D: Done 'em.} That called 'em that. Interviewer: Alright. Now um our race of course is caucasian. Do you know or have you heard any terms that the black people might use to refer to us? First of all in a derogatory way? 079: Now there are some I know cause some of the books I have read but I don't think of one right off. Interviewer: What about joking terms? Do you think any joking terms? 079: It seems like I ought to be able to, but I don't. I read some books that were written by negro authors from the negro viewpoint you know, and Interviewer: #1 Can you think of one for example? # 079: #2 and all. # {D: Pardon, I can't?} Interviewer: Baldwin maybe, some of James Baldwin's? 079: No. #1 A a a book I don't know that one # Interviewer: #2 No I mean so that # 079: I read some by well I can't think now but there's a number of different ones. No I don't think of any terms uh honey, what do they speak of white people as? #1 Seems to me # Interviewer: #2 Uh the only one # that I think of at the moment is maybe hunky or something 079: #1 Well I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 like that? But I'm # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 not sure that's a legitimate # term, I think I've heard that 079: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 for sure. # 079: I think of that more what some people might call some white some Americans might call Italians or some others foreigners Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: by a term like that. Interviewer: Uh if they were being neutral as we would be saying colored people do you think they would say white people or what do you? 079: White folks. Would be the more vernacular thing, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Alright. What's term used for poor whites? 079: Trash. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: White trash {D: or you hope not to say.} Poor whites. Interviewer: Do you think white people and colored people would both use this term? 079: Uh well grown people speak of white trash. Interviewer: Do they? 079: Yes they do. Um there's a cute quotation from a book oh what's that author's name? Uh is it uh? {D: Nigger topped the cotton, nigger tote the load, nigger build the lebid} for the river to crash. Uh nigger never walked up the handsome road, that's the name of the book The Handsome Road but I'd rather be a nigger than poor white trash. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Well let's see} 079: {NW} Interviewer: And we just say, do we say white trash too? 079: We do, we ought not to, but we do or poor whites we might say. Interviewer: Uh what is the term redneck in Georgia? They say 079: That means a country lil fella that's uh {NW} sunburned I suppose where it came from maybe. Interviewer: Would he necessarily be trash? 079: No no he might be a poor white farmer he might be a tenant farmer he wouldn't be trash. Poor white trash are ones that just don't do anything Interviewer: #1 {D: Shifters?} # 079: #2 for themselves. # {D: Shifters and no finger.} No he might be a hardworking tenant farmer or something. Interviewer: Alright so. 079: In my uh vocabulary that's what redneck would refer to. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well I was gonna just ask you for a person uh a term for a person living in the country who's out of touch with town life, do you think of? 079: Uh. Let me think We wouldn't use the term rustic though it's used sometimes uh for a person speaking of or spoken of as a rustic. Uh no, I can't think of anything besides country, just country people Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 079: #2 {D: or something like that.} # Interviewer: If you were going to answer the phone 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you might tell me to wait by using by saying something in particular what what would you say? 079: Like if I were leaving you and go Interviewer: Uh-huh and going to come right 079: #1 Just a minute. # Interviewer: #2 back. # 079: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 That's what I was thinking of. # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh in asking directions, you might say question is it to town? 079: How far is it to town? Interviewer: And if you wanted to show me something but I wasn't looking you and to get my attention you 079: I'd say look or listen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you 079: Now people that don't speak so correctly would say listen here maybe, but now we wouldn't say that. Interviewer: What about look here? Would that? 079: Well I'd say that that look here you can't do that and I might say that you know. Sort of vernacular but I might say it. Interviewer: Do you think of that as being a reprimand or a direction to look? 079: {NW} It could be if you're talking to a child look here you stop that {C: laughing}. Then it'd be a reprimand {C: laughing}. But uh I wouldn't say look here I'd just say look, I wouldn't. Interviewer: Would you say see here? As a reprimand do you think? 079: Not that wouldn't be natural to me. Now some people would say see here you can't do that. See here, I'll show you how to do it. No I I don't believe I ever would ordinarily say that. Interviewer: Alright. In asking uh the number of times that you might make a trip to town, someone might ask you by saying do you go to town? 079: Uh often? You mean? Or do you uh Interviewer: Or in the the first part would be um a how how 079: How often do you go to town? Interviewer: #1 That's what I was thinking of. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: I'm not going to do that and you might reply? Ne- 079: Neither am I. Interviewer: This is my? 079: Hair. Interviewer: And this is my? 079: {D: thyroid} Interviewer: This is my? 079: Ear. Interviewer: And which one? 079: Left {C: laughing}. I think {C: laughing}. Right? {C: laughing}. Interviewer: And this one is my? 079: Right ear. {NW} Interviewer: Uh neither of us have, but if a man gets up and shaves in the morning he shaves off his? 079: Well he shaves his face and he removes the bristles of hair the stiff hair that's on his Interviewer: #1 And what do you call # 079: #2 face. # Interviewer: the hair on his face? 079: Uh beard. Interviewer: Alright. This whole thing not not just the parts but this whole thing is my? 079: Mouth. Interviewer: And this is my? 079: Teeth. They're your tooth or teeth. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. This is my? 079: Neck. Interviewer: And inside my neck is my? 079: Throat? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard the word goozle? 079: Maybe in a slang way, but I don't know. Well I believe I have maybe sometime. Interviewer: Okay. This part of my hand is 079: #1 Is the palm. # Interviewer: #2 the # 079: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 079: {NW} Interviewer: This is my? 079: Hand. Interviewer: Two of them are? 079: Hands. Interviewer: This is my? 079: Fist. Interviewer: And two of them are? 079: Fists. Interviewer: Referring to the way your leg is put together, your knee is a? 079: Joint. Interviewer: On a man, this part is his? 079: Chest. Interviewer: These are my? 079: Shoulders. {NS} Interviewer: This whole thing is my? 079: Leg. Interviewer: This is my? 079: Ankle or foot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {D: Not too wet for 'em.} 079: Yeah foot. Interviewer: Two of them are? 079: Feet. Interviewer: Is if you see someone who has been ill, you might say you certainly look? 079: We say bad. You shouldn't say badly as some people do, because badly is an adverb and doesn't look it doesn't take an adverb. But there might be some argument about that. Interviewer: Do you ever say peaked? 079: You could. Mm-hmm I don't know that I I might say it sometimes, she looks a little peaked or something like that uh-huh. Interviewer: Does this mean pale or? 079: Kinda pale and puny looking. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. Uh if I say to you that's a stout man now what do you think of as his being his description? 079: Rather heavy-set. Not slim and slender. Interviewer: Do you think of it having anything to do with strong? 079: No, if I wanted to say he was strong I'd use the word strong. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. If someone's always smiling and never seems to be unhappy you'd say he certainly is? 079: Well has a good disposition, he certainly is I guess say happy? Um Interviewer: When thinking of his personality 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: as opposed to being uh 079: Let me see. As opposed to being gloomy or or surly he's pleasant, happy. Interviewer: He's good? 079: Uh tempered. Good-natured. Interviewer: #1 Mm that's what I was thinking about. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Alright, now um there is a term that we use sometimes for a person {D: a eater of low morals} or a person who perhaps is one of the masses. Now you might say I have always heard it said as? Referring to a girl with very low morals that girl sure is? 079: Well wild or um fast. Interviewer: Well. 079: Don't know if the term fast is used as much today as it was years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: And there was was a little {NW} stepping aside, she was fast. {NW} Interviewer: Now if you're referring to the mass of people, you would refer to them as the some kind of people. 079: Mass of Interviewer: There's a song now that says "living in the love of the some kind of people." Have you #1 are you up on # 079: #2 {X} # Interviewer: pop songs? 079: Don't listen don't listen to them at all no. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {D: No problem} 079: Ah. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 You talking about # immo- sort of immorality uh? Interviewer: #1 No, no I'm # 079: #2 Well just um # Interviewer: W-we'll 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 go back to that in just a minute. # Now just talking about ordinary people and sometimes this this could mean people just the bulk of the working 079: The masses? Interviewer: Uh-huh but you might say the masses are the people? 079: Common people? Interviewer: #1 That's what I was thinking of. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Now you'll know there's a song that says "living in the love of the common people." 079: I see {D: I'll think about you} {D: when I hear it.} Interviewer: {D: When you hear that.} {NW} Now the term common 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Does this mean to you loose morals or does it mean one of the working class or how how do you think 079: It uh it by itself she just kind of common I wouldn't mean she wasn't good morally I'd mean she just came from a low background poor home, poor grammar poor Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 079: #2 uh # not any cultural background but that's what I'd think of as a common person. Interviewer: It wouldn't be really a put-down? 079: No And there might be sort of a might kind of uh little common in there I can't use common to define it in their ways, something like that. Interviewer: But not uh 079: #1 Not in moral necessarily, no. # Interviewer: #2 Yes that's # Alright. When you're thinking of young people who are full of bounce and uh happiness and always wanting to go and move around you would say those young people sure are? 079: Full of pep and energy? {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Would you say lively about young people? 079: Mm. Yes, I'd say that was a lively bunch uh-huh. Interviewer: What about older people? And uh especially elderly people 079: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 would you use # the word lively? 079: Vivacious maybe, you might use um about an elderly woman who is {D: sparkly and} and um. Yeah uh Interviewer: Would you have say lively? 079: Animated, would I have say what now hon? Interviewer: Would you say lively? 079: Yes, I think I might there mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Uh would you ever use any qualifiers? To lively? 079: Well let me see I suppose you could say it was a very lively group, you could. Mm-hmm. Quite. So. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. If you are not easy in your mind you are? 079: Worried or anxious. Interviewer: And using the word easy, you are? 079: Uneasy. Interviewer: Alright. If you are in a state of fear, you are? 079: Anxious or distressed or worried? Interviewer: And if you were worried about something, you might say "I'm that that's gonna happen." 079: Afraid. Interviewer: Now how how do you think of afraid? Do you think of afraid as being well you tell me. 079: Well uh {NW} if I'm afraid of snakes I'm terrified of 'em I'm afraid of 'em I don't want 'em touching me. But sometimes I say I'm afraid that will happen when I mean I think perhaps it will. Just sort of denoting possibility or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: So you use this both ways? 079: #1 Yes, uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Do does} # 079: We use afraid sometimes when we don't actually mean we're scared of something. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You use scared as more you wouldn't use scared in "I'm scared that's gonna happen?" 079: Well, you might you might, I'm scared she gonna have a wreck. I might say that instead of I'm afraid she'll have a wreck. Cause she's a reckless driver or something. Interviewer: Is scared a little stronger, or a little more physical maybe or? 079: Maybe so, I guess it would be a little bit {D: you really}. I'm afraid that may happen sometimes well that's not too {NW} emphatic. But if I say I'm scared she's gonna run into somebody I may be a little bit more emphatic about it, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. If someone was once afraid but is no longer, you would say she be afraid but 079: She used to be. But is not anymore. Interviewer: Okay. Would you mind saying that again, I think that car just 079: Alright then. Uh I would say she used to be afraid, Interviewer: #1 Alright. Now # 079: #2 but is no longer. # Interviewer: how would you negativize {NW} that's a new word 079: Yes. {C: laughing}. Interviewer: used to be? 079: Well it isn't correct to say didn't used to be cause some people would, uh formerly she uh before this she was not afraid uh formerly would be a little too too formal. {C: laughing} But just everyday speech But children are and some people say uh she didn't used to be afraid. Interviewer: #1 What would you say? # 079: #2 But that's not very good, # I expect I might say that sometimes. {NW} {X} Interviewer: There's your phone. 079: Yeah, I don't want I don't. Interviewer: Um if someone is not careful, they are? 079: Careless. Interviewer: If you wanted to use a word for a person who was a little odd, you might use? 079: Queer. Interviewer: Now has the meaning of this changed lately? 079: Uh a little bit in that used to uh formerly, if you said somebody was queer they just had some little odd ways or something. But sometimes we use it today to sort of mean mentally off. She's a little queer. You think well she's a mental case. Interviewer: How has the use of this as a slang term for homosexual affected the use of it? 079: Well not too much. I don't know what term I'd use rather than that if I was thinking of them. Interviewer: Would what I'm saying 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 really # is would you avoid using the word 079: #1 No, no I would not. # Interviewer: #2 {D: queer because of the connotation} # 079: I do not uh get it um a connotation that would make me think of of that, now some words do make you think of things and you'd avoid using them. But no, in among my friends the word queer is alright. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If someone's easily offended, you might say they're? 079: Sensitive? Um {D: if we did a good word there.} We'd say they get their feelings hurt easily. Interviewer: #1 Would you ever use the word touchy? # 079: #2 I don't know what # Yes, yes, you would. She's sort of touchy about things, uh-huh. Yes, you might. Interviewer: Alright. Um if you become if you are not happy about something and you become really upset, you would say I I am really? 079: Angry. Interviewer: Now 079: We'd say mad but we ought not to Interviewer: #1 Yeah I was gonna ask about this # 079: #2 {D: that don't mean that.} # Interviewer: #1 Now would you use mad # 079: #2 We say mad. I'd say mad # rather than angry. I got so mad with her. {C: laughing}. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. 079: Rather than angry. Interviewer: Uh if you were in a crowd of people in in say in an auditorium 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And someone made {NW} and uh someone said there's a fire and everyone started to panic, they might make an announcement saying "everyone keep?" 079: Quiet or remain seated. Interviewer: Don't panic. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 079: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # Couldn't think of what word just {X}. Interviewer: And instead of being upset, you would be tranquil, you would be? 079: Calm. Interviewer: Alright then you would say. Interviewer: Very very bad day, you might come home and you'd say I am just 079: #1 worn out. # Interviewer: #2 so? # And if are there degrees of being tired? 079: Yes. Interviewer: Would you change a term for using it? 079: You might {NW} a slang-ish phrase you use I am just whipped out. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh really? {C: laughing} # 079: #2 {NW} # And uh but I'm just worn out I'm early worn out. {NW} Interviewer: Well if you're just normal? 079: I'm just tired. Interviewer: Alright. When someone becomes ill, you would say she? 079: I'd say she's sick. Interviewer: And how, she? 079: Got sick. Interviewer: {D: Because she?} 079: She got sick yesterday, I'd say get sick rather than became mm-hmm. Interviewer: And how about a cold? He? 079: Caught cold. {NW} Interviewer: Every time we get to that point I start 079: #1 {D: Yeah you can't just cough through it no} # Interviewer: #2 {D: worrying} # Mm. What I just did was a? 079: Cough. {NS} Interviewer: Maybe that was it, 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D:five suggestion.} # If you have a cold, sometimes you can't talk very well, you have a raspy sound, you are?` 079: Hoarse. Interviewer: We're talking about the word take. I don't like to 079: #1 {D: take} # Interviewer: #2 medicine # 079: You want me to say take took take is that what you want? {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I'll just give you the word 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: you can use} # A person who doesn't hear very well is? 079: Deaf. Interviewer: Another word for a perspiration is? 079: Sweat. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. Which would you use more 079: #1 Perspiration. # Interviewer: #2 often? # A kind of um 079: #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 sore # 079: who you listen if you hear uh car people come and ring the doorbell, it sounds for it and the doorbell rings way back in the back and we may not hear it. Maybe I ought to just {D: look out again.} {X} Interviewer: Again. Uh a kind of sore that's Very very painful. {C: distorted} It's very painful is a 079: Boil. {C: distorted} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now would you tell me what how you think of this as looking? 079: Red and inflamed and swollen and sometimes with puss in it. We say it has a core, sometimes a carbuncle has a core. Interviewer: Is it different from a carbuncle? 079: Yes, a carbuncle is in my explanation is a more serious uh infection than a boil It's more stubborn and harder to get rid of. Interviewer: Are there any other synonyms you'd use for boil? 079: Some people say a rising but we never did say that, but that's common in this area. Used to be years ago, people don't have boils like they used to. Interviewer: They don't. 079: They don't now do they? I bet you a little boy wouldn't know what you meant. Interviewer: No. He'd think of the water. 079: Mm-hmm yeah. {D: I don't work of how that is if we eat} more sensibly or something, I don't know what it might be. But uh I don't know when I've ever heard of anybody having a regular, old fashioned boil. Interviewer: #1 Thank you. # 079: #2 I've got # scars on my knees where I had them as a child. Interviewer: Is that right? 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Did you have 'em? 079: Mm-hmm we've had 'em every once in a while, and uh I mean once or twice a year or more than that you'd have a boil. Interviewer: #1 My goodness. # 079: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. Interviewer: And now you have bumps on 079: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 your knee. # 079: But this was a rather big it was a rising. {NW} Interviewer: The yellowish liquid there he is 079: #1 Alright. # Interviewer: #2 right now # 079: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 079: When you're going back there. Auxilary: Alright. Interviewer: {NS} Uh the yellowish white liquid inside a boil is? 079: Pus. {C: distorted} {D: A macking.} Sometimes you call it matter. Interviewer: Oh yeah? {C: distorted} 079: Uh-huh. {C: distorted} Sometimes you call it matter. Interviewer: Oh really? {C: distorted} 079: Mm-hmm. {C: distorted} Interviewer: We're talking about the word swell, speaking of an infection 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 or # inflammation, uh after the wasp stings your hand will? 079: Will swell. Interviewer: #1 And? # 079: #2 It # swelled yesterday, and has swollen I guess is good form sounds a little funny. # 079: #1 But you know it wouldn't be bad. # Interviewer: #2 Would you # say swollen? 079: Yeah, I believe so. It had swollen considerably. You might say it has swelled considerably. I believe either one's acceptable that. Interviewer: To you. 079: Uh-huh, uh-huh. Interviewer: And a cut might be called an open 079: Um. Not abrasion. That's a kind of {D: scarce.} Scrape on your hand. Interviewer: Or you might think of someone might say I have a pain in my leg from an old war? 079: Uh wound? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh have you ever heard the body referred to in a sort of a literary way and it gives you a sense of its being transient as in 079: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 compared to the # soul? A kind of flesh. 079: {D: Her sure's happen out.} {NW} Interviewer: I'm thinking of it you speaking of of a certain kind of flesh? 079: Um. Mortal? No, I don't just what you're getting at now. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called proud flesh? 079: Well yes, when something won't heal. Interviewer: #1 Oh? # 079: #2 Now that's proud flesh. # Interviewer: It is? 079: Uh-huh. If you have if you have an open Interviewer: #1 It is? {C: laughing} # 079: #2 sore # It is to me honey. If you have an open sore or something and it doesn't get well and sometimes it kinda I don't know, it's it's just funny looking and its proud flesh you call it. It's not good, healthy, smooth uh tissue. Now that's the term proud flesh Interviewer: #1 Learn # 079: #2 to me. # Interviewer: #1 something every day don't you? # 079: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh. # Now that may not be medical, but I believe it is I believe the doctor Interviewer: #1 Well its coming all to these medical terms # 079: #2 I believe the doctor calls it that. # Interviewer: #1 {D: that are sure.} # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # I believe the doctor calls it that. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: Well my goodness.} 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh the red liquid that you would put on a cut, not mercurochrome but? 079: Iodem? Iodine or iodine {C: pronunciation} we'd call it both ways. I say iodine {C: pronunciation} I believe. Interviewer: Alright. The medicine given for malaria is? 079: Um quinine Interviewer: When someone is no longer living, you say he? 079: Died. Or he is dead. Interviewer: Alright, now if this would you consider died to be a neutral term? For it uh now uh let me 079: #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 explain. # Would you ever use um a euphemism for died? Would you say to avoid 079: #1 You mean like passed on? # Interviewer: #2 saying # 079: Something like that. I wouldn't but a lot of people do. Interviewer: What what other terms do you think of? 079: There's something else. Well you speak of the person as deceased sometimes. Um I've heard people refer to their husband say he went away ten years ago or something I know sometimes that's used. Interviewer: What about are there any crude or joking terms you use about death? 079: Uh well uh {D: there are some if I can think of 'em he} uh. I can't think right now what I'm trying to say. There are some. Kick the bucket. {C: laughing} That's very slang here. {C: laughing} {NW} I don't think of another one right off. Interviewer: Alright. I don't know what he died? 079: Of we'd say rather than from. Interviewer: And where you're buried is a? 079: Cemetery. Interviewer: Do you make any sort of distinction in terminology between a public, a church, and a private burying ground? 079: Um. Nothing other than that sometimes out in the country you go buy a little private cemetery that's you know just a family cemetery. Interviewer: #1 And # 079: #2 And # Interviewer: would you use any kind of different term? 079: Burying ground. Interviewer: #1 Would you use this what # 079: #2 Sometimes. # You might sometime speak of the cemetery around a church as a burying ground, you might. Interviewer: Would you use um the family one as burying ground do you think? 079: You might mm-hmm. Family. You might do that, mm-hmm. Look we'd say the old family cemetery is what I'd say. Interviewer: That's 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: what you would say. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. When you are dead, you are put into a? 079: Coffin or a casket. Interviewer: Now do you make a difference there? 079: No, but I believe I believe we'd say coffin more often we would casket. Interviewer: Is there a difference in price do you think ever? 079: I don't know what any uh undertaker would tell you is a distinction if any between a coffin and a casket. Interviewer: You don't 079: I think casket sounds a little more expensive. Interviewer: {NW} But do you would you ordinarily think of this? 079: Uh no I think not. Interviewer: Would shape make a difference? 079: Well if you saw an old-fashioned coffin that was shaped kind of almost the shape of the not the shape of the body but it came up and went out sort of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: that way, uh you would call that a coffin perhaps uh certainly and not a casket. If you saw a beautiful bronze casket, you'd probably call it that. Now whether that's right as a distinction or not I don't know. Interviewer: But now you would probably use them #1 interchangeably too. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # More or less interchangeably. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the word pinto used? 079: No. Interviewer: For 079: #1 Now what's that? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: P-E-N Interviewer: Pinto. 079: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 P-I-N-T-O. # In connection with casket. 079: No. Uh-uh. Never have. Interviewer: Uh the ceremony of burying where the minister speaks is called? 079: The funeral. Interviewer: And for a year, a man's wife may wear black to indicate that she is in? 079: A widow or that she is in mourning. But that's about gone out hasn't it? Interviewer: Mm I guess so. 079: Almost entirely, almost entirely. Interviewer: #1 They're either wearing older # 079: #2 I don't- # #1 I don't know when I've ever seen # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: anybody wear mourning lately. Within the last ten years around. Interviewer: Uh if someone asks you how are you, what do you normally say? 079: Fine. {NW} Interviewer: Is there anything else you would say? 079: Alright thank you, how are you? Interviewer: If you wanted to tell someone 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 not # to be concerned, 079: #1 L-let # Interviewer: #2 you would say? # 079: me stop there #1 what did # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # #1 Yes. # 079: #2 it say a a vernacular word # some people'll say tolerable. {NW} Interviewer: Alright would you say that? 079: #1 No, I wouldn't say that. # Interviewer: #2 Somehow I don't see you saying that. # 079: I wouldn't say that. {NW} Interviewer: If you wanted to tell someone not to be concerned, you would say? 079: Don't worry. Interviewer: Uh a joint disease or a disease where you ache not arthritis 079: #1 but # Interviewer: #2 but # 079: rheumatism. Interviewer: Now we vaccinate children for smallpox, we also give them shots for disease that there's a three-prong shot called a DPT and the D would stand for? 079: Gosh I don't know Interviewer: #1 What disease? # 079: #2 what the D stands for. # Uh diphtheria? And um. Interviewer: A disease where your skin turns a yellow color is? 079: Jaundice. What does D-P-T stand for? Interviewer: I don't really know, one of them 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: is um I don't know. 079: {D: I don't either.} Interviewer: But they give you it's a three 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 in one shot. # 079: #1 Three things mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 One's diphtheria. # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: I don't know what the other} # 079: Probably one's for measles or whooping cough or something, Interviewer: #1 I don't I don't really know. # 079: #2 but I don't know what PT is. # Uh-huh. Poliomyelitis maybe. Maybe one's for polio? Interviewer: {D: they give that in there.} 079: Mm-hmm I don't know whether that's a joint one or not. Interviewer: I don't know. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Typhoid # is the T. 079: Diphtheria Typhoid and what would P be? Might be polio. Interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} Interviewer: {D: Really vary in form.} 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: A disease that you have severe pain in your side? 079: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Alright, and do you know any old-fashioned names for this? 079: Well you used to say appendicitis. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Oh. 079: Appendicitis {C: pronunciation} you'd never be about to say that now but people used to sometimes. Instead of appendicitis, yes they did. Mm-hmm. Uh. Inflammation or something, I don't know what they called may have called it earlier than the name appendicitis. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. When you are nauseated you may? 079: Vomit. Interviewer: Now, is there um 079: #1 Vernacular term? # Interviewer: #2 a nice word? # 079: Throw up. Interviewer: Alright is this a nice word? Do you think of it as avoiding saying vomit. Would you say throw up? 079: {D: I'd as well you say one as the other, I don't like either one.} {NW} Interviewer: Do you are there any other words for this process that you think of? 079: The boys might say upchuck. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 079: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh he is sick stomach. 079: We'd say at his stomach not to his stomach but some people say to. And you notice how northerners say stomach {C: pronunciation} instead of stomach {C: pronunciation}. Interviewer: Hmm. 079: They say it like I-C-H I but I don't know why they do that, but almost invariably they do. You hear it over the TV. {D: All the time.} Yeah these things that are good for your stomach. {C: pronunciation} {NW} Interviewer: Now I want some terms for dating. When a boy and a girl are dating? 079: Well if they go together all the time, you'd say going steady. And um boyfriend and girlfriend. Can't think. Interviewer: As if they first start out, and maybe they have two dates, you'd say they're what? 079: #1 Going together? # Interviewer: #2 Uh # Well its gonna really I was just asking you to kind of make a distinction 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: if go is going together when they have been are going more regular? 079: I believe so. Used to say that people that that were going together then you say they're steady. They they go steady. That that's a term that's come in well the last fifteen, twenty years. Maybe maybe more recently than that. Interviewer: #1 Can you think of any other terms? # 079: #2 Going steady. # Interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # Interviewer: How about courting? 079: That's old-fashioned. Interviewer: It is? 079: Yeah. You wouldn't say that no no teenager would say that today I'm sure. Interviewer: No. {NW} 079: Don't believe my boys would. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Are your boys old enough to date? 079: Oh yes. Interviewer: Oh they are? 079: Uh-huh. See some of 'em eighteen. Interviewer: Oh they are? 079: They're from I teach the juniors and seniors seeing lots of them seventeen and eighteen. Interviewer: Oh oh I was thinking of this being more a sophomore. 079: No, it's nine, ten, eleven, and twelve and I do have one tenth grade class. But a lot of them are seniors. So the majority of the boys I teach are s- seventeen, some of 'em eighteen. Interviewer: Oh. 079: One boy that I can't get to study called his folks up the other night told 'em I wished they could get him to study, I just can't make him do it. They said we haven't been able to for eighteen years. {NW} They'd been trying. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Does he live at the school? 079: No, he's a day student. Interviewer: What is a term for refusing to marry someone? 079: Uh uh comma uh no now jilting wouldn't be refusing to marry, that's a sort of a sl- not a slang expression exactly but part so refusing a marriage letter rejecting a proposal? Refusing well you said refusing. What term do you have any term in Interviewer: #1 Not any in particular. # 079: #2 mind? Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: But what about sudden? Would that be jilt do you think? 079: Well maybe. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh what about a dramatic word, do you think of any dramatic word #1 for # 079: #2 Uh # for for refusing to marry? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: I can't think of one. {D: Well there} Interviewer: #1 Uh what about a joking # 079: #2 {D: might be one.} # Interviewer: expression? Think of any joking expressions? 079: She turned him down? Nothing like that. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Might use that. Interviewer: When two people are engaged eventually they are? 079: Married. Interviewer: A female attendant at a wedding is? 079: Maid of honor. Bridesmaid. Matron of honor. Interviewer: Um Do you know a a word for a noisy serenade that may take place after a 079: #1 Chivaree. # Interviewer: #2 wedding? # 079: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Do you can you describe one of those? 079: Only from things I've read I never heard one but its noisy singing and maybe it was different kinds of uh well maybe uh {NW} cymbals or guitar or banjo or something to make a lot of noise. Interviewer: I don't guess you've heard of this being done? 079: #1 No mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Like?} # 079: In fact I've never known it to be done where I was. Where I knew of its just been in stories or plays or magazines or something. Interviewer: Alright. Now I'm looking for a preposition for the location here. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: He lives the brown place. 079: He lives in the brown place. I would say. Not at. For that. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um would you ever say over at? Do you think? 079: I might say she's over at Mary's if I was saying somebody was over at there was somebody was at somebody else's house and I won't tell you where she was. I I might say she's over at Lucy's. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. He went to Atlanta yesterday. 079: Well now what do you want me to s- Interviewer: #1 Uh a direction # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: sort of. How would you say this? Would you put would you say he went to Atlanta or would you say would you put something else in there? 079: No I think I'd just say he went go to went down to Atlanta. You think means something like that? Interviewer: That's what I'm thinking. 079: #1 Up and down we # Interviewer: #2 {D: Because like} # 079: sh- we use up and down for north and south. Don't we? And you go down to Atlanta and up to Chattanooga. Interviewer: What about over? How would you? Would you? 079: Over to Gadsden if that's east or west. Interviewer: I see. 079: Mm-hmm. Is the way I'd do it. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Instead of saying the wh- the entire crowd, you might say 079: Say the whole crowd. Interviewer: Now is there a derogatory expression for groups of people together? 079: Mm like gang? Or mob?` Hmm. Can't think of any other than that. Interviewer: Alright it uh a prom is a school? 079: Dance. Interviewer: Can do you know of any terms used for parties that involve dancing? Any special words? 079: Mm um. Let's see s hop. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I love that there. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Have a sock-hop you know? Something like that? Interviewer: Does your school have dances? 079: Uh-huh. Yeah whole Interviewer: Where do they get the girls? From 079: Oh they import 'em from town and from out of town everywhere. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 Sometimes # I get 'em dates if I have some cute little girl I want to help Interviewer: Ho ho. 079: date somebody that's cute {NW} Interviewer: You're a #1 matchmaker. # 079: #2 {NW} # Oh yeah. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Now you this ought to be right up your alley. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When you're te- saying that a boy didn't attend class, he class. 079: He cut class. Interviewer: Alright now would you say this for one class or would you change terms if he didn't come all day? 079: No he cut his classes all day. Interviewer: You wouldn't say it's something preferred the whole day? 079: No uh he laid out. {NW} That's a slang expression but that's what we use. {C: laughing} Its it {D: I ask her if sometimes he stayed out on purpose} so that we'd say he laid out. {NW} Interviewer: Uh at a school at school you sit at a uh 079: Desk. Interviewer: And more than one of these is are? 079: Desks. {NW} Interviewer: Its very important for a young man today to get a good? 079: Education. Interviewer: And this usually involves after high school going on 079: #1 to college. # Interviewer: #2 to? # Now when you are mailing something and you want it to go at the highest postage rate not air mail but so that it gets there speedily you would mail it? 079: First class. Interviewer: Now in using this to refer to education how do you think of do you think of it as saying a first class education how how 079: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 what would you think of? # 079: Can't think of what one term I'd use. Uh if you're speaking of the school he went to we'd say attended and graduated from a standard college. And it met all of the requirements and accredited. Interviewer: If someone said um he has a first class education, what would you interpret that as meaning? 079: Well I today you'd think it meant a college education because many more people go to college today than did a generation or two ago. But if you thought of really a first class education it would be high school and college. Interviewer: Would it have anything to do with the kind of school you went to? 079: Yes uh you might say that the small high schools in some towns are not well enough manned and equipped to get a first class education. Interviewer: {D: I see.} Well how else would you use the terms first class other than the ways we've talked about? 079: Going first class on the ship. Interviewer: #1 You don't think about that. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 You know that. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: The building where you go to check out books is the? 079: Library. Interviewer: Where you go to mail letters is 079: #1 Post office. # Interviewer: #2 the? # If you wanna stay overnight in a strange town you'd stay at a? 079: Hotel. Motel. {NW} Interviewer: Alright if you go to see a play you go to the? 079: Theater. Interviewer: If you're very sick you go to the? 079: Hospital. Interviewer: At a hospital there is a lady in a white dress. 079: And she is a nurse. Interviewer: {NW} You want to catch a train you go? 079: To the station. But you won't get one cause there aren't any more. {D: You hear all?} You can't get a train in or out of Rome. Not a Interviewer: #1 Not one? # 079: #2 passenger train. # Not a passenger train Interviewer: #1 If you wanted to catch a train # 079: #2 comes through Rome. # Interviewer: you'd have to go to 079: #1 You have to go with uh # Interviewer: #2 Atlanta? # 079: #1 there's nothing going through Cedartown anymore # Interviewer: #2 {D: There's one that was} # 079: there's the uh Silver Comet used to go from New Orleans to New York you know and went through Cedartown we just had to go about twenty miles to get it. But its taken off. Oh there just aren't many trains anymore. Now of course they still go through Atlanta. Some trains still Interviewer: #1 Well all # 079: #2 running. # Interviewer: the stations in Atlanta's 079: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 closed. # 079: Oh it's just all {D: Vern} I think's gonna close the terminal to passenger traffic I don't think there are any more passenger trains coming at the terminal. Think they all go to Brookwood. Mm. I believe I'm right about that. Interviewer: I don't know 079: #1 I think somebody I think well I think # Interviewer: #2 {D: I'm don't I'm not a train conductor} # 079: somebody told me that. Uh you just don't get train travel anymore very much. {NS} Interviewer: You might tell a bus driver I want at the next stop? 079: I want off. Or I want to get off. At the next stop. Interviewer: {D: The Floyd is the} 079: What now? Interviewer: Uh {NW} Rome is the city 079: #1 Uh where # Interviewer: #2 where Floyd is the # 079: county. Interviewer: And the the center of county government the town is called? 079: The county seat. Interviewer: Uh the war between the north and the south is the? 079: Uh well supposedly if you're a loyal southerner you call it the War Between the States, if you're a northerner you call it the Civil War but I call it the Civil War. {NW} Interviewer: D It do you 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 think they make this # 079: #1 There is a distinction. # Interviewer: #2 distinction? # 079: {NW} {D: Their rabid} {D: confederism} {NW} was because it was the war between the states. {C: laughing} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is there anything uh oh any old fashioned ways of referring to this? 079: To the Civil War? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Rebellion. Sometimes its called a rebellion, the War of the Rebellion. Uh. The War of Secession I can't think of anything else. What now Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 you had any in mind? # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Its just the question # ask uh-huh. Interviewer: Washington is the seat of our federal? 079: Government. Interviewer: One of the big issues in the last campaign wasn't uh people who were thinking about crowding the streets and there was a cry for more? 079: Oh. Interviewer: Something and something. Its a catchphrase now. 079: Oh I can't think against violence and and so on. Interviewer: What we need is more? 079: Well I can't think of what you want me to say and I guess I've heard it again and again. Interviewer: Law? 079: Law and order. Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Now I'm gonna give you some I'm giving you a test. 079: #1 Alright. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 Cause since you're a teacher. # 079: #2 I'll probably fail. # Interviewer: I doubt that. So I'm gonna give you the names of some cities 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and I want you to tell me the states 079: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 that they're in. # 079: We can go to town on that. Interviewer: Ah I thought so 079: {NW} Interviewer: You oughta be 079: {NW} Interviewer: Alright. Baltimore. 079: Maryland. Interviewer: Roanoke. 079: Virginia. Interviewer: Charleston. 079: South Carolina or West Virginia. Interviewer: Oh well I get two states for the price of one. {C: laughing} 079: Yeah yeah yeah. Interviewer: Winston-Salem. 079: Massachu- Winston-Salem North Carolina. Interviewer: Uh Albany. #1 Not Georgia. # 079: #2 New York or Georgia. # Interviewer: I knew you were gonna do that too. Uh Atlanta. 079: Georgia. Interviewer: Tallahassee. 079: Florida. Interviewer: Birmingham. 079: Alabama. Interviewer: New Orleans. 079: Louisiana. Interviewer: Lexington. 079: Kentucky. Or uh Massachusetts there's a Lexington Massachusetts you know where Interviewer: Oh. 079: the revolution started. Interviewer: Uh. 079: On the green at Lexington, don't ya know? {NW} Where the first fighting Interviewer: #1 Oh yes, # 079: #2 occurred? # #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 of course # Yeah oh the Battle of Lexington. 079: Uh-huh. Lexington and Concord. Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Nashville. 079: Tennessee. Interviewer: St. Louis. 079: Missouri. Interviewer: Little Rock. 079: Arkansas. Interviewer: Biloxi. 079: Mississippi. Interviewer: And Austin. 079: Texas. Interviewer: Alright. Now we're gonna do it in reverse 079: #1 Yeah good good. # Interviewer: #2 and I'm gonna name some states and you name me some # 079: #1 Cities. Alright. # Interviewer: #2 cities, okay? # I'll stop you when I get the one when I've got all I want. 079: Alright. Alright. Interviewer: Alright, Maryland. 079: Well Baltimore, Annapolis. Interviewer: You can stop. District of Columbia. 079: Well of course there's Washington DC, {D: you know the city.} Interviewer: South Carolina. 079: Columbia, Charleston. Interviewer: Alright. Alabama. 079: {NW} Birmingham, Montgomery. Want some more? Gadsden, Anniston. Interviewer: #1 Some # 079: #2 Mo-Mobile # Interviewer: North Carolina. 079: Raleigh, Charlotte, Winston-Salem. Mm. Greensboro. Have you said the one you want yet? Interviewer: Haven't said the one I want yet. 079: North Carolina Charlotte, Raleigh, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, {D: North Carolina} {D: Um} {D: I know there are more but I can't think of any.} {D: Cause I don't know anybody who lives in} {X} What one you have in mind? Interviewer: Asheville. 079: Well why didn't I say it? Interviewer: Uh I'm not sure we're th 079: From North Carolina. Interviewer: Alright and um a city in North Carolina? 079: Mm-hmm. Oh alright. You want me to say 'em all over again? Interviewer: Uh no just a few. 079: Raleigh, Charlotte, Greensboro, Asheville. Interviewer: Okay. Tennessee. 079: Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, Fra- uh no Franklin's Kentucky. Um. What'd I say, Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville are the three biggest ones. Interviewer: And another one just north 079: #1 Chattanooga. # Interviewer: #2 of # Uh Georgia? 079: Atlanta, Savannah, Macon, Augusta, Columbus Interviewer: {D: New uh-oh.} 079: Hmm yeah. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} Oh I-Illinois. 079: Hurrying on through it. Um Chicago. Interviewer: Ohio. 079: Uh Columbus, Toledo, Cleveland, Cincinnati. Interviewer: Kentucky. 079: Frankfort, Louisville, Lexington. Interviewer: Okay. Missouri. 079: St. Louis, Jefferson City, Columbia. Interviewer: Louisiana. 079: New Orleans, Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Okay. Ten and now if you're talking about uh lengths of distance 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Ten is as far as I could go that day. 079: Ten miles? {NW} I'd be dead if I had to walk ten miles. Interviewer: Well I hope not. 079: {NW} Interviewer: Uh you know I'm reading Thomas Hardy's novels now 079: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 And these # people walk 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 all the time # I'm exhausted by the time I read it 079: #1 {D: Well that is} # Interviewer: #2 They walk # from town to town #1 Twenty miles and just you know # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: for a for a visit. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Walking. # Interviewer: #2 They'd walk twenty miles. # 079: Imagine that. Interviewer: You take a ruler and you 079: #1 Measure. # Interviewer: #2 something? # I don't know I want to do that. 079: Whether. Interviewer: Um If someone offers you an apple but you would prefer an orange, you would say may I have an orange? 079: Instead. Or rather than an apple. Interviewer: Alright. Would you say instead of? 079: Yeah. Interviewer: Probably or instead. 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Why do you like him? I like him he's so funny. 079: Because. Interviewer: Where we go on Sunday is the? 079: Church? Interviewer: It seems he's always late. 079: It seems as if he is always late. Interviewer: Would you ever say seems like? 079: {X} {D: just carelessly.} Mm-hmm. Seems like we all knew this. Interviewer: Alright. Uh there is a saying um a biblical expression "What God hath together let no man" 079: "What God hath joined together let no man put asunder." Interviewer: Uh the minister's address in church is the? 079: Sermon. Interviewer: We call the supreme being? 079: God. Interviewer: Now do you know of any special ways that we would refer to him in a reverent way and in a profane way? 079: Well in a reverent way in prayer you'd say "Our Father." Um I don't know profane way say jus- just taking the name of God in vain just saying oh God I can't do that or something like that. Interviewer: Alright. Uh an organ gives us in our church gives us what? 079: Music. Interviewer: And you might come out of church saying my wasn't the music something today? 079: Beautiful or inspiring. Wonderful. Interviewer: The evil one in our religion is? 079: Satan or the devil. Interviewer: Alright are there any other words you'd use to refer to him? 079: I don't think of one right off. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} Another word for ghost is? 079: Ghost. Um. Oh I can't think of one. {NS} Uh apparition. {NS} Interviewer: W how would you refer to to ghosts? Would you refer to them as ghosts? 079: Yes I'd ask you if you'd ever seen a ghost. And you'd think of a ghost as a white filmy looking something scary. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. And a house where ghosts are supposed to be? 079: Haunted. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. It would be a? 079: Haunted house. Interviewer: And if you're trying to say that its not terribly cold today but 079: A little chilly. Interviewer: uh you would say its? 079: #1 Is # Interviewer: #2 Cold # today. 079: It is chilly today. Interviewer: Its 079: And what'd you s-? Interviewer: Its how cold its? 079: Uh its Interviewer: Would you say its rather cold 079: #1 Uh I'd say # Interviewer: #2 {D: or?} # 079: I'd say its awfully chilly awfully cold. {C: laughing} Interviewer: If it wasn't that cold, would you say? 079: Quite cold. Sorta cold. Sorta we use that sort of and kind of a lot don't we? Interviewer: Alright. Would you say sort of or kind of? 079: Its sort of cold today. Interviewer: Alright. Um I'll do it if you insist, but I'd really not. 079: Rather not. Interviewer: When someone doesn't like to spend money you say they're? 079: Stingy or close or tight. Interviewer: {NW} And if you my husband says this to me 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 frequently, # if you're trying to put something in a hole and it won't go and you push and push and push someone might say don't or you'll break it. 079: Well don't Interviewer: Don't try to? 079: Force it? That's what I'm thinking mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NW} What are some expressions of strong affirmation that you might use if you wanted if someone said um are you able to do that? You you really wanted to say it strongly you might not just say yes you might say? 079: Uh. Interviewer: Uh surely. 079: Sh- uh Interviewer: But would you say that? 079: Of course I can. As a matter of fact I wouldn't say sure. I might say surely. I can't that sounds a little. Interviewer: Would you say certainly? 079: {D: Certainly more rather than that I'd say certainly I can I might say that.} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. What about the terms yes sir and yes ma'am? Or no sir and no ma'am? 079: Well you we in my experience a child is taught to say that to any older person. Uh an older person might say it to somebody in authority. Somebody that um was um well for instance you might say yes sir to the man that's your boss. Uh if he asked you something. But you don't say it to your uh people your age and your associates. If you said something to me I wouldn't say yes ma'am, I'd say just yes. A clerk in a store would say yes ma'am we have some. Where she wouldn't say it just to her close friend or acquaintance. Interviewer: Do we ever use that um for emphasis? 079: Yes. Uh yes ma'am I'll do it. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. Um How would you greet an intimate friend? Uh what are some expressions of greeting? 079: Well there are sort of the slang one but one we use a good bit is hi. Um. Or. Hello. How are you? Something like that. The the least formal one I guess would be hi. {NW} Interviewer: Alright and for a casual acquaintance? Would you say hi? 079: I'd come here saying hello to them I guess. Interviewer: What about when parting? What expressions might you use then? 079: Well we say goodbye. Uh We'd say We'll be seeing you {NW} Something like that. Interviewer: If someone comes to visit in your home and they're leaving what might you say to them? 079: Come again. Mm. Like that? Interviewer: Alright. On December the twenty-fifth or thereabouts you wish people? 079: A merry Christmas. Interviewer: Are there any synonyms for this? Any other way? 079: Uh {NW} {X} What people used to say in the south a good bit and I've heard someone say Christmas gift. You know on Christmas they'd say that rather than merry Christmas. Interviewer: Uh are there any special customs that you think of for Christmas? 079: Yes uh we could say a lot of different things the the food they have is traditional. The turkey and the fruitcake and the ambrosia and so on. And the Christmas tree and the children hanging up the stockings and the exchanging Christmas presents and singing carols and doing Christmas shopping and wrapping back the packages. Interviewer: Alright. Um around the first of the year you wish people? 079: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Are there any other ways you do this? 079: Yuletide, a happy Yuletide or something like that. Interviewer: Alright. What about special customs for New Years? 079: We don't have as many for that uh peas and hog jowl to have for good luck the rest of the year. And uh. Make good resolutions at least you're gonna do so-and-so in the new year. Interviewer: Alright. Do you know a word for something that's thrown in with a purchase or given you when the bill is paid? 079: Sometimes called a bonus or a {NW} What do you call anything? When they give you something I can't think of a word that I might use. There's something. Do you know of one? Interviewer: No, I 079: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: There's something I bonus is more w- what your boss would pay you ex extra that you weren't expecting. Uh I can't think particular. Sometimes free samples are put put in. Um. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of brawtus? 079: What now? Interviewer: Brawtus. 079: Uh-uh. How do you spell it? Interviewer: Oh B-R-A-W-T-U-S. 079: Never heard of it. Interviewer: What about pillon? P-I-L-L-O-N? 079: Uh-uh. No. Interviewer: What about um lagniappe? 079: Now that word means something what does it mean? I know about I've seen that word but its not in my vocabulary. What does it mean? I'd have to look it up. I really would, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh a building where you park your car is a? 079: Garage. Interviewer: What is a shellfish that is frequently put into um boiled form with a sauce and is referred to as some kind of cocktail? 079: Shrimp. Interviewer: A chocolate bar that's known by the name of its manufacturer? 079: Hershey. Interviewer: Uh a color of brown that is lighter than a tan and yet not quite a cream color is? 079: Beige? Interviewer: I think if if you're trying to say I think I'll have time but I'm not sure, is there any other way that you would say this? 079: I maybe have time. Interviewer: Do you ever use reckon? 079: Not uh no I don't that's slang kind of to me. People say I reckon she will I reckon I might be able to. No I don't use the word reckon myself. Interviewer: Alright. Speaking of making purchases, I had to do some down. 079: Shopping. Interviewer: And when you shop, someone puts paper around something he it up? 079: Wraps it up. Interviewer: Alright, in the past he? 079: Wrapped it up and he will wrap it up tomorrow, he has wrapped it in the past. {NW} Interviewer: So when you get home you? 079: Unwrap it. Interviewer: Alright. 079: And lose it. {NW} At the time. {C: laughing} A spool of thread is a. Interviewer: Uh he had to sell it at opposed to profit. At a? 079: At a discount? At what now? Interviewer: #1 Uh he # 079: #2 As opposed to buying at a loss. # Uh-huh. Interviewer: You don't buy something because its too expensive, you might say it too much. 079: It cost too much. Interviewer: At the end of the month, a bill is? 079: Sent to you? Rendered? Interviewer: #1 Uh and # 079: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: when its rendered it becomes? 079: Due. Interviewer: When you join an organization yearly you must pay your? 079: Dues. Interviewer: And to do this you might have to if you don't have enough money you might have to? 079: To borrow. Interviewer: Uh when money is you say money is tight, you really mean it is? 079: Well you mean that there doesn't seem to be as much in circulation people do not seem as ready to buy and to invest. And maybe if you borrowed money you'd have to pay higher interest. Interviewer: Well when you were referring I I'm really thinking more of anything that is not easy to come by, and you'll say that item is certainly? 079: Scarce. Interviewer: That's what I'm thinking of. Do you know a term for coasting down a hill on a sled? 079: Tobogganing or um just coasting. Um you can use the expression sledding. Interviewer: If you go down lying down does this? 079: That is uh {D: what do they call that, bad booster or something?} Is that what you {D: what can name the variance} {NW} I haven't had too much experience on sleds. Interviewer: If you dive into a swimming pool and land on your stomach in the water, you have done a? You've what? 079: Oh what do you call that? Uh. No, I can't think of what that is honey. Interviewer: Alright. Uh children frequently get down on the floor and turn? 079: Somersaults? Interviewer: If land is very rich and able to grow things 079: #1 Fertile. # Interviewer: #2 easy. # Uh if you're telling someone to be quiet you might say? 079: Hush. {NS} Interviewer: Now we're talking about a few more words. 079: Mm. Interviewer: We're talking about the word swim. 079: Swam swum. {NW} Interviewer: Uh dive? 079: I dive today I dived yesterday I have dived many times. Interviewer: Drown. 079: Drown? Today I was He was drowned yesterday uh many people have drowned in this lake. Interviewer: Alright. Uh something that you do in church especially, and there are frequently little benches in front 079: Kneel. Interviewer: Alright, you would say she? 079: Knelt. Interviewer: #1 Yesterday # 079: #2 Yesterday. # Interviewer: she 079: Knelt and she has knelt many times. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} I'm tired, I think I'll down for a while. 079: Sit down Interviewer: Or? If you wanna go 079: Lie down. Interviewer: {NW} He in bed all day. 079: He lay in bed all day. Interviewer: And referring to the little pictures that you have in your mind when you're asleep, I all night. 079: Dreamed. Interviewer: Alright. Speaking of coming out of sleep, I early this morning. 079: I waked up or I woke, but we wouldn't say I woke that's kinda poetic. I waked up. Interviewer: Uh if you do {NS} this on the floor you? 079: Stamp your foot. Interviewer: May and your offering to help someone to get to their house, you might say may I? 079: May I take you home? May I give you a ride? May I give you a lift? I wouldn't say lift, I'd say may I give you a ride. I'd just say I'll take you home. Interviewer: Now would you make a difference if you're going to just walk with someone or if you're gonna take them in a car? 079: Yes, you wouldn't you'd say take you home if you're gonna take 'em in a car. But if you was gonna just go with 'em you might say may I go with you? Or I'll go along with you, that might just be walking. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about walk you home? Do you ever use? 079: I wouldn't use that expression, people used to I think that's old fashioned kind of for a boy to walk a girl home from school or something. Interviewer: If you take ahold of a door handle that is stuck, and do this, you are? You? 079: Jerk it. Pull it. Interviewer: And the opposite would be? 079: Close it. Interviewer: To and so? 079: Push it to. Or close it. Interviewer: I a heavy suitcase up the stairs. 079: I carry the heavy suitcase. Interviewer: Alright is there anything else you might use there? 079: Some people might use the word tote, but I never used that word. {NW} Interviewer: Now would this have anything to do with the fact that it was heavy? 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That you would use # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 tote? # 079: I don't know whether it would or not. Cause I never did use that expression. A-Alright Collin you can come in now right. Uh you go use if you go use the vacuum in there let me see Collin have you have you done the porch and downstairs? Auxilary2: I did downstairs but not the porch. 079: Well do the porch and maybe we'll be nearly through then. Interviewer: We're three more pages. 079: Alright. Alright. Interviewer: Um if you had something very fragile on a table and a child was reaching for it, what would you might say? 079: You'd say {NW} don't touch it. Interviewer: Alright would you ever put a you in there and say don't you touch it? 079: You might. Don't you touch that. Especially if it were sort of emphatic. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh if you wanted me to give you a knife out of the kitchen, how would you tell me to go to do 079: #1 Bring me a knife. # Interviewer: #2 it? # Would you ever say go bring? 079: You might say yes you might say go get that out of the go get the book on the table. Yes I might say that. Interviewer: Alright. Someone throws a ball and I? 079: Catch it. Interviewer: And who 079: #1 Threw. # Interviewer: #2 it? # 079: Who threw the ball? Interviewer: And who? 079: Has thrown it before? Interviewer: Well um who threw it and then 079: #1 Who caught it? # Interviewer: #2 who? # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If you are ready to go somewhere and someone else isn't, you might say? 079: #1 I'll wait for you. # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 079: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # If you have done something badly the first time you might ask someone to give you a second? 079: Chance. Or opportunity, but you'd probably say chance. Interviewer: If someone's very happy and opposed to being feeling bad you'd say you're in a good? 079: Humor. Or a good mood. Interviewer: Alright. I want those bugs. And you're talking about completely exterminating them. 079: Oh you mean I want those bugs killed? Interviewer: #1 I want # 079: #2 {D: Should that be?} # Interviewer: blank those bugs. What do you want to do to 'em? Or what? As opposed to get to uh keeping them, you want? 079: Get rid of 'em. Interviewer: Would you use this 079: Exterminate if you wanted to use a big word. Interviewer: Would you say ever say get rid of bugs? 079: Yeah I'll get rid of the ants or whatever. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. If you came in and your pencil had been on your desk and it was gone and you wanted to accuse someone 079: {NW} Interviewer: of having taken it, you would say? 079: {D: I hope the children say that} Who stole my pencil? Interviewer: {NW} 079: But I'd say did anyone borrow Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 my pencil? # {NW} Interviewer: Do you think um children would use stole more often? 079: Yeah, I know they would. Interviewer: #1 What about # 079: #2 Somebody stole my book. # Interviewer: #1 What about swiped? # 079: #2 That's all they # Interviewer: Do they use this now? 079: Not much, boys might use it just {D: slang-ish sort of.} Interviewer: But stole would 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Yeah they # Interviewer: #2 is their common. # 079: think everybody's stolen everything they've got. Interviewer: {NW} 079: I say its right where you left it yesterday. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You must be great 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 with those boys. # 079: Yeah they're the best class. Interviewer: Um the word write. Would you like to tell me about the word 079: #1 Like I write # Interviewer: #2 write? # 079: letters Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 079: #2 today # I wrote it yesterday, I've written it many times. Interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} Interviewer: And now that I have written him I expect? 079: An answer. Him to reply. Expect him to answer. Interviewer: Alright. When you open when you put the letter in the envelope, then you? 079: Uh may I seal it. Interviewer: #1 And then # 079: #2 And maybe # Interviewer: #1 {D: you will?} # 079: #2 {D: stop it.} # Interviewer: When you write on the front you 079: #1 You put the address. # Interviewer: #2 are? # Alright. Uh is there any other synonym that you know of for address? A letter? 079: To address a letter? Directed I guess you could say I direct this letter. But more of it I don't think of anything else. Interviewer: Alright. If one of your students comes in and gives you some fantastic uh answer that you really haven't expected, you might say who on earth you that? 079: Who on earth told you that? Or? {NW} Just kinda what? Interviewer: Did you ever use taught? 079: #1 Talked? # Interviewer: #2 Who # Taught. 079: Might, yes, mm-hmm. Interviewer: What is a child's nickname for a person who tattles or tells 079: #1 Tattletale. # Interviewer: #2 tales? # I'm sorry? 079: Tattletale. Interviewer: The sweet smelling parts of plants are the? 079: Is it the stainings or something had the sweet? Interviewer: #1 Well in a more general? # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Daisies and roses are both? 079: Uh fragrant? You thinking of words to describe 'em? Interviewer: #1 I'm looking, # 079: #2 {X} # Interviewer: just a general term for daisies, roses, peonies, these are all? 079: I don't Can't think what you mean other than you said i-if they had a good smell? Interviewer: #1 Well I'm thinking of the # 079: #2 {D: You make sure of that?} # Interviewer: smelly part 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 that's really not not at one # 079: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 of the technical part. # 079: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh you might have a vase of cut? 079: Flowers. Interviewer: #1 That's what I was thinking of. {C: laughing} # 079: #2 Mm oh I see. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And in order to take these flowers from the bush you say you're going to? 079: Pick some flowers. Interviewer: A name for a child's plaything? 079: Well I heard toy. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If someone tells you something that you had suspicion all along, you can say I all along. 079: I'd say I suspected that all along. Interviewer: Mm or if you're if you were a little more certain? I? 079: I knew that all along, I Interviewer: That's what I was thinking of. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How else would you use knew? Are there any other? 079: Uh. {NW} You might you might be just in connection with a question I knew the answer. And another way might be I knew her for many years. Could mean associated with I she was a friend of mine yes its are two distinct feelings, aren't they? In a way. Hmm hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Alright would you like to tell me about the word give? 079: Give? Ga- give it today, gave it yesterday, and had given it many times. Interviewer: Alright. {C: laughing} 079: {NW} Interviewer: The word begin. 079: Begin. Begin began begun. Interviewer: The word come. 079: I come today, I came yesterday, I have come many times. Interviewer: The word see with the eyes. 079: See saw seen. Interviewer: {NW} If you're going over a road where perhaps there's been construction work and there are big potholes and its in pretty bad condition, you might say that road was all? 079: {NW} {NW} It had ruts. It was bumpy, it was rough. I don't just. Interviewer: Would you ever use torn up? 079: Might mm-hmm yes the road is torn up yes I would. Interviewer: Okay. You give her a bracelet and then you tell her to go ahead and? 079: Wear it? Put it on? Interviewer: We're talking about the word do. Alright would you like to tell me a? 079: Do, did, and done. Interviewer: And in the present? He his homework every night. 079: He does his homework every night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. {C: laughing} 079: {NW} Interviewer: You open a box and its empty. There's inside. 079: Nothing inside. Interviewer: The opposite of nothing is? 079: Something. Interviewer: It is a good one, I'm sorry we lost it. 079: Well now wait I don't get just what you're getting. Interviewer: Um. If you're trying to say? 079: Good {D: game?} No? Interviewer: {D: Is.} 079: {NW} Interviewer: Well I don't know how to do it. Would you ever say its such a good one, I'm sorry we lost it? 079: Yes. Yes we use such that way a lot. Interviewer: Would you? Would you be likely to say that? Or would you say something else? 079: Well now I could I use such in that connection like I'd say that's such a little thing, I wouldn't get upset over it. Something like that. Interviewer: I see. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. There is a song that says I'll be loving you? 079: Always. Interviewer: If we're talking about a length of time, we might say we've been doing this interview four o'clock. 079: Since four o'clock. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That was no accident, he did that? 079: On purpose. Interviewer: Alright. I am going to him the question. 079: I am going to ask him the question? Interviewer: Yesterday I? 079: Asked. And have asked many times. Interviewer: {NW} 079: A lot of people don't put the E-D {D: on it.} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {X} # Mm. Interviewer: We're talking about the word fight. 079: Mm-hmm. Fight today, fought yesterday, have fought many times. Interviewer: Alright. He stuck a knife in the pig and then he it out. 079: Pulled it out? Interviewer: Alright. Now would you count to twenty rapidly for me? 079: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty. Interviewer: Alright. And twenty plus five plus two is? 079: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Can you count to twenty as if you were playing hide and seek? 079: Five ten fifteen twenty twenty-five thirty. Interviewer: Would there be a a intimate I think your phone's ringing. Bet you better. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh Did you did you ever make a kind of a a pattern out singing it did you ever go five ten fifteen twenty? {C: singing} 079: We might no I don't know that we did, {D: but I can sing it in my head.} Interviewer: But but you didn't 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: We did that naming the books of the Bible. A little song Mark Matthew {D: Mark} Luke and John. Interviewer: #1 Oh did you? # 079: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. Interviewer: Oh I didn't know that. Twenty plus ten is? 079: Thirty. Interviewer: Twenty plus twenty is? 079: Forty. Interviewer: Forty plus thirty is? 079: Seventy. Interviewer: This is really up your your 079: Very cute yes. Interviewer: {NW} Fifty plus fifty is? 079: This is a hundred. {NW} Interviewer: And nine hundred plus a hundred? 079: Is a thousand. Interviewer: And if you're going counting upward by large numbers you would go from a thousand maybe to a hundred thousand to? 079: To a million. To a billion to a quadrillion. Interviewer: You can stop. 079: Oh. Interviewer: {NW} There are eleven men in a line the one in front of the eleventh man is the? 079: The one in front of the eleventh man's the tenth man. Interviewer: Mm and in front of him? 079: The ninth. Eight seven six five four three two one. Interviewer: Hold it. You went too fast for me. The ninth, who's in front of the ninth? 079: {NW} The one in front of the ninth is the eighth. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay. You you were going five four three two one 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 there at the end you're sneaky. # Okay. The one in front of the eighth? 079: The seventh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 And the sixth # And the fifth. And the fourth. And the third. And the second. And the first. {NW} Interviewer: Now. You can't sneak that by me. 079: No. Interviewer: Um. How else would you say all at once? 079: Right now. Or immediately. Or quickly. Interviewer: If something happened all at once it happened how? 079: Suddenly. Um. Instantaneously. Interviewer: Would you ever use all of the sudden? 079: Yes sort of this is uh uh not exactly slang but all of the sudden she decided to do so-and-so. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Would this be exactly the same as suddenly only just a different way of saying it? 079: Yes. If she decided very quickly. All of a sudden. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: If you wanna say something is two times as good as something else? 079: Twice as good. Interviewer: Twelve months of the year. Would you name them? 079: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Interviewer: Alright. {C: There is no more speech after 47m25s} Interviewer: Okay, would you tell me your name, please? {B} And your address? Interviewer: Okay. Where were you born? 100: Atlanta, Georgia. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Now, does the place where you were born, born, or the place where you live now have a name? Does that community have a name? 100: I was born in Grady Hospital. Interviewer: {D: Well-} does the place that you live now have a name? 100: It was Techwood. Interviewer: Techwood. Okay. Ah, what county is this? {NS} 100: {D: Wood.} Interviewer: And state? 100: Georgia. Interviewer: Okay, lets see if it's picking you up. {NS} Kay, to continue, since we seem to be doing pretty well at the moment, I think um {NS} As soon as the noise in the hall quiets down, anyway. {NW} Your age is? 100: Fifteen. Interviewer: Okay. And, what would you say your occupation is? 100: High school. Interviewer: Okay. What do you wanna do when you get out of high school? 100: I'm thinking about going to the army. Interviewer: Oh. Uh-huh. You think you might go to college? 100: After I get out the army. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have any idea where you wanna go? 100: Um, I'll be still in California playing ba- {NS} uh broadcasting. Interviewer: That's a long way off. You wanna go that far away from home? 100: If I can go there, I would. Interviewer: Have you ever been far away from home? 100: Not really. {NS} Interviewer: Where have you been? 100: I been in Florida, uh South Carolina's about as far as I've ever been. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was that on vacation? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: You got relatives there or something? 100: N- no we just went up there to {X} {NS} My mama had been tired so we went up there for summer vacation. Interviewer: Can you talk any louder? 100: Oh {NS} with #1 with # Interviewer: #2 Talk- # talk as loud as you can. 100: Alright. Interviewer: Okay, I'm, your-, your religion, do you belong to a church? 100: Yeah, Baptist. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: I hope whoever's rattling the doorknob will just go away in a minute. Uh, a- and what grade are you in? 100: Eleven. Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: At, and you may as well tell me the name of the school. 100: Grady High School. Interviewer: Okay. Did Ms Cantrell tell you that I went to Grady? 100: No. Interviewer: It was a long time ago, but I did. Ah, Okay, do you belong to any clubs? 100: No. Interviewer: Do you do anything outside of classes? 100: ROTC and {X} Interviewer: Mm,what do you do in ROTC? 100: Drill team. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now will that help you get into the army? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: What will that mean? 100: I- if I, when I, uh, leave out of the ROTC, I get better pay when I go into the army just coming in just {X} prior. It's, when I'm in the ROTC, I go in as a fir- private first class. Interviewer: Mm, Mm-hmm. Well that does sound a lot better then. Do you think you might wanna be, make a career out of the army? 100: I- I don't wanna see {X} go to college then I might go back in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You like ROTC? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: What do you do in there? 100: We do a lot of marching and tests and stuff like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. Ah, what else you take? 100: Spanish. Interviewer: Yeah. 100: You want me to tell my classes? Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 Oh. # {NS} My first period is argumentation, argumentation and persuasion. Interviewer: What in the world do you do in that? 100: W- we uh, it's uh, like a journalism class. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 100: Yeah we talk about uh, debates, 'cause we had came here one day Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 {D: Okay} # at the debate. And then the oth- the other day we had came here. And it was a debate on marijuana. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: And should it be legalized or not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Which side were you on? {NS} I hope they don't want y- {NS} Interviewer: They'll be able to tell we did this interview at school. Okay, I was asking what, what side were you on in the debate? 100: Mm- no, I just, I was just writing down notes. Interviewer: Mm, oh, you weren't debating you were listening. 100: Yeah. Interviewer: I guess maybe if people are knocking on the door I'd better stop. Interviewer: Uh, Okay, um, alright, that takes care of first period, what do you do after that? 100: I go to, uh, human biology. We just, starting on uh, um, c- cells of the body. We are supposed to be starting on microscope #1 next week, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 100: some- some time about that time. Interviewer: Do you cut up a pig in that? 100: We cush- we cut up cats next quarter. Interviewer: You cut up cats? They cut up pigs when I was a student here. I never took it but that's what they did. Cut up cats? Ew, {NW} where'd they get the cats? 100: From the science institute. They ge- get 'em there. From there, I guess. #1 {D: Don't} # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 100: And then third period I go to ROTC. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 100: Fourth period I go to, uh, art. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 100: #2 {D: I ain't doing none of it now.} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm, then in that case you can probably get out of art. 100: {NW} um, Spanish. #1 After that, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 100: Spanish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: And sixth period I go to {X} developing U.S. democracy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Who's your art teacher? 100: Ms Moller. Interviewer: Okay, well I know Ms Moller too 'cause she was a teacher here when I was a student so, I don't know whether she'd remember me or not cause I think I was in the eighth grade when I had her, but you know that, maybe, if she does remember me, maybe she would let you out of the class then. Um, hmm, let's see, do you do anything at church? 100: I just go {X} That's probably mostly what I do. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 I'm not # required to do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You have a lot of homework here? 100: Yeah, every day. Interviewer: Keeps you busy? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: You play sports or anything? 100: Yeah at home, but I don't play nothing now. I'll probably play football next year. Interviewer: Uh-huh, mm-hmm How's the football team doing, by the way? 100: Not that good. Interviewer: Well they won first game, didn't they? 100: Yeah. They lost all the rest though. Interviewer: Well, ho- how do things look for the {NS} rest of the season, they gonna get better? 100: Homecoming they wi- they should win. Interviewer: Who they playing? 100: {D: Easter Lawn} Interviewer: Mm-hmm, Okay. How many more games are there, about five? 100: Yeah, five more. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I haven't been to a game here in years and years. I used to come all the time. It would be great fun to go to a football game. Ah, let's see, where was your mother born? 100: Um, Macon, Georgia. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, uh, do you know how much education she had? 100: She went through high school and she went to college at Georgia business school. Business college. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, does she work? 100: Not, not, not now. Interviewer: Did she? 100: Yeah, Interviewer: #1 Wh- # 100: #2 She # worked at U.S. post office. Interviewer: What does she do now? 100: She just a house- housema- house wife now. Interviewer: What'd she do for the post office? 100: She used to, uh, put the m-, put the mail in the boxes. where they supposed to go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: So the post office so the post man can get it. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm, # 100: #2 When, # Interviewer: mm-hmm. 100: and put it in the right place. Interviewer: Where was your father born? 100: I think he was, yeah he was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And how much schooling did he have? 100: He went through high school, but he didn't go to college though. Interviewer: Mm-kay, what does he do? 100: He's a, he's taxi t- cab driver now but he use to be, work at Scripto. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What'd he do at Scripto? 100: Ah, he was in maintenance. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Does he like being a taxi driver better? 100: Yeah, {D: though} he say 'cause he at, when he working at uh, yeah, and he used to work at uh, where they make them {D: copes.} I mean where the make thread at, you know, sewing thread? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 Used # to work where they'd make that. N- He had an accident so he couldn't do hard, no hard work. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 So he # just came a cas- taxi cab driver. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. 100: And he said that's easy on his back so, just do that. Interviewer: Yeah. I should think you'd get tired sitting in a cab all 100: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 day though. # All that driving. Especially when there's a lot of traffic. 100: Yeah. Interviewer: {NS} let's see, do you know where your mother's parents were born? 100: {D: They, uh} Not re- I think they were born in Georgia but I don't really know. Interviewer: Okay, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know anything about their education? Do you know what they did for a living? Are they still living? 100: Yeah. My gra- my grandma is a nurse. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 My # father used to work at a construction plant out on uh, I think it's out on North Avenue. Interviewer: Is it your grandfather? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: He used to you know, work more often. Interviewer: He retired? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Let's see. Worked at construction plant. I can stop writing in just a minute. Um, how about your father's parents, do you know where they were born? 100: I think they were born in Georgia too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: And uh, My {X} my granddad, he works as a painter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And my g- grandma's housewife. She used to work at Scripto too. Mm, mm-hmm. Is that how your father got the job? 100: Yeah I don't know, I guess so. Interviewer: Ah, and you're not married, I assume. Right, Okay. Are there very many married kids here? 100: Not that I know of. No, nobody's married. Interviewer: Are there any at all? 100: No. #1 I don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # I know sometimes kids get married and then stay in school but I guess they don't too much. Um, Can you tell me a little bit about the neighborhood where you live? 100: It's probably apartment housing, and uh, just a lot of kids around there and just play football. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Stuff like that, sports. {X} Most. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um, has the neighborhood changed very much since you've been living there? 100: Not at all. Interviewer: Mm. Mm-hmm. 100: Stay same way. Everybody moved in, nobody moved out. Interviewer: How long have you been there? 100: About six year. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Where did you live before that? 100: Uh, {NS} a place called On commercial avenue by {D: Buckhead} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How many different houses have you lived in? 100: Two. Interviewer: Just those two? 100: yeah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Can you draw me on, just on the back of here, just a kind of a rough, floor plan of the house where you grew up? I guess that would be your first house, just so I can see where the rooms are. 100: Mm. {NS} If I can remember. Interviewer: It doesn't have to be good or anything 'cause by the time I copy it, it'll be even worse. Interviewer: How many rooms does it have? 100: Talking bout old one? Interviewer: Mm-hmm, the old one. 100: One, one big room. And 100: four. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and what are th- what are the names of the rooms? Go ahead and draw while you talk, if, if you #1 can. # 100: #2 The bathroom, # Interviewer: Ah-huh. 100: kitchen, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: and uh, living room and bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Say that, 100: bathroom probably right here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Then you come out to the kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 100: Bedroom. 100: Living room. Interviewer: Okay, #1 did you # 100: #2 D: ki- # Interviewer: put LR for living room and K for kitchen. I guess BR for bedroom, B for bath and BR for bedroom. Interviewer: Okay, that's good enough. Was that an apartment or was it a house? 100: House. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: {NS} A very small house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 100: Excuse me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Okay. Well, now, as I guess ms Cantrell told you, what we're interested in really is just how people in Atlanta talk. And, 'cause we're interested in a lot of different places but Atlanta's e what we're interested in right now. And so this is, some of this is just to see how you pronounce words, and sometimes its what words you use and different expressions you might use for things. So then just to see how you pronounce the numbers, would you count to fifteen, please. 100: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen. Interviewer: Good, and the number after nineteen is? 100: Twenty. Interviewer: After twenty-six? 100: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: After twenty-nine? 100: Thirty. Interviewer: After thirty-nine? 100: Forty. Interviewer: After ninety-nine? 100: a hundred. Interviewer: After na- nine hundred and ninety-nine? 100: A thousand. Interviewer: After I'm gonna have to look, nine hundred and, no that's not right. Nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine, would that be right? 100: A million. Interviewer: Yeah that's right. Okay. And then, if there were a line of men, {NS} and the man at the end of the line was the eleventh man, you'd say the one in front of him was the? 100: Tenth? Interviewer: Okay, so if you started at the beginning and counted back that way, you'd say? 100: One. Interviewer: No, starting with the s-t on the end, you know. Interviewer: The eleventh is at the end and at the beginning is the? 100: End. Interviewer: This is hard to explain. You know you said the tenth was #1 in front of # 100: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: the eleventh, so who's in front of him? 100: Ninth. Interviewer: Mm-kay, #1 and then? # 100: #2 Eighth, # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 seventh, # six, five, four, three, two, one. Interviewer: Only instead of saying five, four, three, two, one you wanna put the t-h forms on the end, you know the ninth, and the eighth #1 and then the # 100: #2 Oh. # 100: Ninth, eighth, seventh, sixth, fifth, fourth, third, second, first. Interviewer: Right, {X} Okay, and would you name the months of the year? 100: January, February, March, April, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Interviewer: I think you skipped one. What's after April? 100: May. Interviewer: You might've said it, but I might just've missed it. And the days of the week? 100: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Kay, do you know any other name for Sunday? Interviewer: People might say keep holy the something day? Interviewer: You know the word Sabbath? 100: Uh, isn't for Jews, or something like that? Interviewer: What does- what is the Sabbath? What day is that? 100: I don't know. I ain't never heard of that. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if um, Interviewer: something happened just one time, you'd say that happened? 100: Once. Interviewer: Alright, and if it happened two times it happened? 100: Twice. Interviewer: Okay, that takes care of q all the numbers, I think. Alright, if you met somebody in the early part of the day What would you say to greet 'em? 100: Good morning. Interviewer: Okay, how long would you say good morning? 100: 'Till twelve. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, what would you say after twelve? 100: Good afternoon. Interviewer: Until what time? 100: Six. Interviewer: And then what would you say? 100: Good night. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 100: Like I'm going to sleep. Interviewer: #1 Okay, # 100: #2 D:'Cause. # Interviewer: what if you were s- just greeting them after six o' clock, what would you say? 100: Hello. How you doing'? Something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call the time of day between six o'clock and the time you go to bed? 100: Night-time. Interviewer: Would you ever say evening for anything? 100: I don't know, sometime I guess. Interviewer: What time is that? 100: I guess about eight to eleven I guess. Evening. Mm-hmm, would you ever say good evening? Yeah, on the ph- on the phone or s- something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Oh that sounds kinda formal to me, I don't know if I'd ever say that to anybody. What do you say n- usually when you're leaving somebody? 100: Good-bye. Interviewer: Anything else? Interviewer: Do you ever say good-day? Interviewer: Okay, um, and then, now you said if you're going to sleep, you'd say goodnight. Would you ever say goodnight if you were just meeting somebody? Interviewer: Okay. Ah, then, if you had to get up very early, at, it was before the sun came up, you'd say I had to get up before? 100: Sunrise. Interviewer: And if you had to work until the sun went down, you'd say I worked until? 100: Dusk to dawn. Dawn to dusk. Interviewer: Alright now is there 'un- in terms of the sun going down, is there another way of saying that other than dusk? You said sunrise for the sun coming up, how 'bout the sun #1 going down. # 100: #2 Sundown. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh, then, talking about the sun coming up again, you would say at what ever time it was, seven a.m. this morning, the sun? 100: Rose. Interviewer: And tomorrow the sun will? 100: Go down. Interviewer: D: you s- 100: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 D: ah meaning # coming up, the sun will. 100: Rise again. Interviewer: And the sun has? 100: Rose. Interviewer: Okay. And um. Interviewer: Today is, what is today? Wednesday? Okay. So, um. Is that right? Is this Wednesday? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: So Tuesday was? 100: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Thursday is? 100: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay, if somebody came to see you not this last Sunday, but the Sunday a week earlier than that, you'd say he came? 100: Sunday after last. Interviewer: Okay, and suppose he's coming not next Sunday but the Sunday a week beyond that, he's coming when? 100: Sunday week Interviewer: Okay good. Uh-huh. And did, uh, suppose somebody is staying at your house from about the first of the month to about the fifteenth of the month, how long is he staying? 100: Two weeks. Interviewer: Do you know any other way of saying that? Did you ever hear the word fortnight? 100: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. I wouldn't expect you too. A lot of these things are fr- older people would know them or people out in the country would know them and one of the things we're studying is what words people in the city know, and young people know, and that kind of thing. Uh, if you wanted to know the time of the day, what would you ask somebody? 100: Do you have the time? Interviewer: Mm-kay, and so he'd look at his? 100: Watch. Interviewer: And if it were um, mid-way between seven o'clock and eight o'clock what time would you say it was? 100: Seven-thirty. Interviewer: Is there another way of saying that? 100: Half pa- no, yeah, half past seven. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, do you ever say that? 100: {D: na-huh} Interviewer: You've heard people say it? 100: Yeah I heard people say it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, how 'bout if it's, um, fifteen minutes later than ten thirty what time is it? 100: Ten forty-five. Interviewer: Is there another way to say that? 100: A quarter to eleven. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you say that? 100: Sometimes, #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if you'd been doing something for a long time, you might say I been doing that for quite a? 100: Long while. Interviewer: Okay, good. And, um, you might say that the farmers, this is, you can tell some of these questions were written for farmers. The farmers got a good crop last year but they're not going to get a good crop? 100: This year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, And, uh. {NS} If a child has just had his third birthday, how old would you say he was? 100: Three. Interviewer: W- you do use a phrase, they're three what? 100: Three years old. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and if something happened on exactly this day last year, you'd say it happened exactly? 100: A year ago today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and you might look up in the sky and say I don't like the look of those black? 100: Clouds. Interviewer: Alright, but on a day like today when the sun is shining and there are not any clouds in the sky at all, you'd say what kind of day that is? 100: A blue sky day. A nice day. Interviewer: Alright, anything else? 100: {D: Mm-mm} Interviewer: Mm-kay that's fine. How about the opposite kind of a day when really the, the clouds were just terrible, and it was cold and {NW} wh- what kind of day is that? 100: Not a good day. Interviewer: Anything else? 100: A terrible day. Interviewer: Alright, uh-huh. Suppose it had been very nice but then the clouds started coming in and it looked like there was gonna be a storm any minute, you'd say the weather is doing what? 100: Changing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, uh, and suppose it has been cloudy but then the sun starts to come out you'd say the weather is doing what? 100: Changing. Interviewer: Changing can mean mad- bad or good. 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, Ah, what would you call a heavy rain where a whole lot of rain came down just all at once? 100: Downpour. Interviewer: Anything else? 100: A storm? Sort of. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it had thunder and lightning? 100: A thunderstorm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Uh, and then if the wind, if there were a lot of wind during the night, you'd say all night long the wind? 100: Blew. Interviewer: And, tomorrow the wind will? 100: Blow. Interviewer: And the wind has? 100: Blown. Interviewer: Okay. And if the wind was coming from? I don't know what directions are. Do you? Do you know what, what direction we're- 100: North, east, south. Interviewer: Which, which is which? Which is- 100: I think this, I think that's south. Interviewer: Okay, well if the wind was coming from that way, you'd say the wind is? 100: South. Coming from the south. Interviewer: That's good. Okay. Suppose that we're half way between south and west, what would you call it? 100: Southwest. {NS} Interviewer: Alright, an- and halfway between south and east? 100: South-east. Interviewer: And, uh, north and west? 100: North- #1 west. # Interviewer: #2 And # north and east? 100: Northeast. Interviewer: Okay, got 'em all. Okay. Suppose it's raining, but it's not raining very hard, you'd say it's just uh, 100: Scattered. Scattered shower. Well it's not even that much, so it's just, Interviewer: #1 it's just. # 100: #2 Sprinkling. # Interviewer: Okay, uh-huh. You ever say drizzling? 100: Sometimes. Interviewer: #1 How do you s- # 100: #2 {D: now} # {NS} Drizzle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm.Do you say that word? 100: Not hardly Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 100: #2 {D: I say} # Shaf- uh, What I had just said. Interviewer: Sprinkling. #1 That right? # 100: #2 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer: Uh, how, what do you call a heavy white mist that you can't see through? 100: Snow. Interviewer: N- it's in the air. 100: Fog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and if it's that kind of a day, you'd say it's a what day? 100: Foggy day. Interviewer: Okay, and if you had no rain for weeks and weeks, you'd say you were having a? 100: Drought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now is that a long time of drought? Is there something shorter? Say just no rain for about a week or so 100: I don't kno- {NW} I don't think so. Interviewer: That's still a drought? Okay, suppose the wind has been very gentle and um, then is gradually getting stronger what would you say it's doing? 100: The wind, the wind is getting stronger. Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? Okay, how 'bout if the wind has been very strong but then it's gradually getting weaker, what's it doing? 100: The wind is dying down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Okay, that's fine. How 'bout on a morning, well, this time of the year when you go outside, it's not really cold but it's kind of #1 what? # 100: #2 Cool. # Interviewer: Anything else? Interviewer: Do you ever say chilly? 100: N- not that much because you'd be hot then. Interviewer: Well, um, any other way of saying it other than just cool? 100: Cold. Interviewer: Okay. Oh, how 'bout, what do you call that white stuff? Not snow but just on the ground on a morning like this? 100: Dew. Interviewer: What's, it's white stuff though. It's when it first starts to get cold? And it {D: I've} 100: Frozen uh, Interviewer: #1 Well it's, # 100: #2 Fro- # Interviewer: it might kill the flowers? 100: Frozen dew? Interviewer: The weather man would say we might have something tonight? 100: Frost. Interviewer: Yeah, that's it. A- um, uh-, if it was extremely cold during the night, I don't think, I don't know if that ever gets that cold here, but you might say the lake did what? 100: Froze. Interviewer: And if it gets colder, the lake might? Freeze. And it has? 100: {NW} Frozen. Interviewer: Okay, now when we were talking earlier about, I think we're through with the weather now. Earlier about the living room in your house, do you know any other names for living room? 100: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Did you ever hear your grandmother talk about a different name for a living room? Real old name? 100: Mm-mm. She just called it a living room. Interviewer: Okay. How- what do yo-, what do a lot of people have in their house a, a room where, I think the family just sit around and watch television? 100: Den. Interviewer: Okay. Mm-hmm. Uh, then b- about how high would you say the ceilings are in your house? 100: About, ten feet {D: something like that} Interviewer: Okay. Mm-hmm. Um, {NS} and uh, how do you heat your house? 100: With central heat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is it, what kind of central heating? 100: Uh, uh, the things going on around the home to heat the house. Interviewer: Wha- what heats it? Wha- 100: Hot water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. 100: It #1 goes # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 100: through the pipes and it #1 heats the house. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. Did you ever live in a place where there was a fire place? 100: Yeah, the house we li- lived in last time #1 had a fire # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 100: place in the living room and bed room. Interviewer: Oh, good. #1 So, Okay # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the thing the smoke goes up through is the what? 100: Chimmney. Interviewer: And what do you call the thing that comes out in front of the fireplace? It's, could be brick or tile or something. 100: Mm-mm Interviewer: Um, Interviewer: uh's, h-e-a-r-t-h. Do you know that word? 100: H-a-r #1 t- # Interviewer: #2 H-e- # a-r-t-h. Interviewer: How would you say it? 100: {D: Hearth} {D: hearth} Interviewer: Some people say hearth and some people say {D: hearth} Do you know the word at all? Never heard it? 100: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um, then in the fireplace the thing, what do you call the things you might lay the wood across. 100: Pounds or something. #1 Pound. # Interviewer: #2 Well, # I- they're iron things. 100: I know what you're talking about but I Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well #1 some people # 100: #2 never # Interviewer: call them, an- the old fashion names for them are dog irons or fire dogs, and then some people say andirons. 100: Andiron. Interviewer: Would you call them that? 100: I guess so. Interviewer: Mm-kay, now again, a lot of these things are old words that 100: Yeah. Interviewer: you know I wouldn't expect you to know, so it's just what you know and what you don't. 100: {D: Uh} Interviewer: Ah, then up above the fireplace what do you call that thing that you might set your clock on? 100: A mantle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Anything any other name for that? 100: No. Mantle shelf, mantle board, mantle piece, fire- Interviewer: #1 board? # 100: #2 Yeah, # mantle piece. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, then, how about, what would you call the big round piece of wood that would burn a long time? 100: A log. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what do you call little bitty pieces of wood that would, you'd use to start the fire? 100: Chips of wood. {NS} Interviewer: Do you know the word kindling? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you ever say that? 100: Yes, if we had a fireplace, yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 How do- # 100: #2 Heard # my momma say it. Kindling. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Good. And what do you call the black stuff that forms in the chimney. Interviewer: Starts with an 's'. 100: S- smoke? Interviewer: S-o-o-t? 100: Soot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, do you know that word? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh, what do you call the stuff that is left after the fire burns down? 100: Burnt wood. Interviewer: Well it's left after all the wood burns. Interviewer: A-s-h? Yes? 100: A-s-h-t-a- Interviewer: A-s-h-e-s. 100: Ashes. Interviewer: Do you know ashes? 100: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Well, you know you don't live where there's a fireplace now. Uh, what color are ashes? 100: Black. Or gray {D: sorta} Interviewer: Alright, uh, are the ever this color? Interviewer: I want you to say that color. 100: Uh, white. Interviewer: Are they ever? 100: No. Interviewer: I've never seen any ashes that color either. Okay, well what do you call the thing that people sit in? 100: Chair. Interviewer: What if it was something longer that maybe two or three people could sit on? 100: Couch. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 100: Sofa. Interviewer: Anything else? 100: Lounging chair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, #1 ever hear your # 100: #2 {D: Na-} # Interviewer: grandmother call it anything else? Interviewer: Sometimes old people say things like settee and davenport and davonette. 100: I've heard 'em say settee. Interviewer: Okay, mm-hmm. Um, and what do you call a piece of furniture in the bedroom that has drawers in it that you put clothes in? 100: Dresser? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does that have a mirror? 100: Yes. Interviewer: Alright, what about one that doesn't have a mirror? 100: A chest of drawer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, alright. What would you call a piece of furniture in a bedroom that might have two doors, and you can hang clothes in it and maybe drawers at the bottom? It's an old fashioned thing. 100: #1 {D: Mm-} # Interviewer: #2 Ever see # that? 100: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a chifforobe or a wardrobe? 100: I heard wardrobe, but I ain't heard I thought you just put it in the closet. Interviewer: Okay, uh, so you just lived in houses that had closets? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: This, these they had in old fashioned times, is when they didn't have closets. So, um, {NW} and what do you call things that some people have in their houses that are on rollers that you pull down at the windows? 100: Shades. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how about the things with the metal slats? 100: Uh, S- Interviewer: Blinds? 100: Yeah. Blinds. Interviewer: Okay. Um, and the room at the top of the house under the roof? 100: Uh, attic. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And, moving along here. {NW} Oh, little room off the kitchen where you might store canned goods? 100: Pantry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call a lot of old, worthless stuff that you were about to throw away? 100: Junk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what k- what would you call a room where you would keep that? 100: Basement or attic. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 {D: So-} # Interviewer: Ah, suppose it was just a room in your house that had nothing in it but junk. Anything else you might call it? 100: Junk room. Interviewer: Okay. Ah, what do you say oh- your mother or some other woman does every morning when, just talking about the daily housework, she? 100: Cleaning, cleans up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, fine. And what does sh-, what might she sweep with? 100: Broom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, uh, if, um, the broom where in the corner and the door were open so that it was hiding the broom, and I said to you where is the broom, you would reply the broom is? 100: Behind the #1 door. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # It's amazing how many people can't figure out what I'm trying to describe that way. Um, Then, eh on Monday, years ago women used to do? 100: Mondays? Interviewer: On Mondays, yeah. Used, it used to be the day when they'd get the clothes- 100: They'd wash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how 'bout on Tuesdays then, to get the wrinkles out, the would? 100: Iron. Interviewer: Do you have a name for washing and ironing together? 100: No. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a place in town if you were gonna take your washing somewhere? 100: Laundry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. Interviewer: And, uh the, let's see. It- how do you get to the first floor up to the second floor? 100: Steps. Interviewer: That's inside? 100: Oh, talking about in here? Alright, hold on. Interviewer: Well, what's the difference? 100: Stairs or something. Interviewer: Would you say stairs at home and #1 steps # 100: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: here? Why? 100: {D: I, I don't know/have no idea} Interviewer: I never thought about that. Stairs in a house and steps in a public building. That's, that is an interesting distinction. Hmm. Well what do you call the um, if you're, if your house is a little bit up the ground, what would you call the things outside that you'd walk up? 100: Steps. Interviewer: Mm-kay, steps there. Yeah, Okay. {NS} Uh, how, and what would be build maybe outside the house where you might put chairs? 100: Patio. Interviewer: Alright, suppose it's Enclosed, maybe has a room. 100: Mm. Interviewer: Screened in. 100: Porch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, could you have one on the second story? In a two story house? 100: If you want one. {NS} Interviewer: What would you call it then? {NS} 100: I guess a patio, if uh- Interviewer: Would that be off, up high? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um, did you ever hear an old name for porch? {NS} Did you ever hear it called anything like a gallery or a veranda or a piazza? Those are old names for it. Old people would know that, your grandmother would know that. Okay, let's see. If the door were open and you didn't want it to be you would say please- 100: Close the door. Interviewer: What's another way to say that? 100: Shut the door. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And uh, what would you call boards on the outside of a house that run that way? Interviewer: Went horizontally. To protect the house? Interviewer: {D: Did} the old names for it are clapboards or weather boards and modern name is siding. Do you know any of those? 100: Yeah, I know siding, but I don't know. Interviewer: Okay, mm-hmm. Um, and if you were doing some carpentry, well, what do you call the thing you'd hit the nail with, first? 100: Hammer. Interviewer: Alright, so you'd say I took the hammer and I- 100: Hit the nail. Interviewer: Or I? What's another way of saying that? 100: S- Interviewer: That might be an older way of saying it to. Ah, what do you think, say you do with a car? I took my car, and I 'blank' to town. 100: Driven it down. Drove it down. Interviewer: Okay, and I have? 100: Driven it down. Interviewer: And I will? 100: Drive it down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the part that covers the top of the house is the? 100: Roof. Interviewer: Alright, and on some houses you have those little things around the house to carry the water off? 100: Gutter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. And then, on a, if the house had several slopes to the roof, and I can't describe this uh, and, what would you call a place where two of the slopes might come together? And leaves get stuck up in there and you have to clean it out? Interviewer: This again is something that old people know. It's, it's not a word I would have known. D- would you ever call it the valley of a roof? You know that term at all? No? Okay. Uh, what would you call a little building for storing wood? 100: Mm, shelter. Interviewer: Alright, how about a little building for storing tools? 100: A tool shed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, good. Um, And ho- if you had, if you didn't have a bathroom in your house, what might you call the place outside? 100: A outhouse. Interviewer: Any other name for that? Is there a joking name? 100: Um, I don't know. That's all I ever call it. Interviewer: Okay, that's fine. Well, if um, I were telling you about my troubles and you were tired of hearing me you might say well I blank my troubles too. 100: I want to tell my troubles too. Interviewer: Mm. That's not what I was trying to get but that'll do. Uh, if there were a noise, I might ask you did you- 100: Hear the noise. Interviewer: And you would say yes I- 100: Hear the noise. Interviewer: And I have- 100: Heard the noise. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if I ask you if you know somebody, you might reply, no I don't know him but I have? 100: Seen him. Interviewer: Or? Using that word again, I have? 100: Heard him. Heard of him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, good. And, uh, if a friend came into town, and I ask you, have you seen him yet, you might say no I- 100: Haven't seen him. Interviewer: And, um, if you had a brother, you might say no my brother- 100: Isn't- is not here. Interviewer: Talking about seeing a friend. 100: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 I haven't # seen him, and my brother? 100: Hasn't seen him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} And um, if I ask you does your brother like ice cream, you might say yes, he- 100: Likes ice cream. Interviewer: Or using just one word, yes, he- 100: Likes. Interviewer: Not using likes. Using a form of 'do' you might say yes he- 100: Does like ice cream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you have a brother, by the way? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: What do you have in your family? 100: One brother, and a mother and father. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, just two children? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Is he older or younger? 100: Younger. Interviewer: How old is he? 100: Thirteen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is he in school here? Mm-hmm. What grade? 100: Ninth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay, if a man no, that won't do. If um, hmm. Somebody was in school and didn't pay any attention to the teacher, and somebody was explaining what his problem was, they'd say well he just blank seem to care. He just- 100: Didn't care. Interviewer: Or saying that in the present right now, he just 100: Don't care. Interviewer: Mm-kay, good. Um, and if you were not certain about something, you might say well I'm not really? 100: Sure. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, um, if {NW} somebody had been accused of a crime and you didn't know if the person was guilty or not, you might say well I don't know, but people blank he did it. 100: Thin- blame he did. Interviewer: People- 100: Or claimed he did it. Interviewer: Okay. Ah in wi- in the present. People, right now people- 100: Said he did it. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. And um, I think you've surely already use this word. The building that people live in is a? 100: Apartment. Interviewer: Or, a whole building is a 100: A house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and two of them would be two- 100: Two houses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and this- now we've go some farm questions coming up and if you don- if you don't know just say so because you're not supposed to know farm questions. Have you ever visited on a farm? 100: Not really. Interviewer: And you, probably have seen them on television #1 and all # 100: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: that. Uh, well what do you call the big building where they store things? On a farm. They're often painted red. 100: Barn. Interviewer: Okay. And, do you know what you'd call a building or a place to store corn? Interviewer: Corn crib, do you know that word at all? 100: I know crib, but I ain't never heard of corn crib. Interviewer: What's a crib? 100: {D: It's a} baby, what you put a baby in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. Okay, what would you call a building or a part of a building to store grain? Interviewer: Like wheat. Interviewer: Alright, did you ever hear the word grainery or granary? Interviewer: Okay. Um, well there's no, if you don't know the word we won't worry about it. Um, the upper part of a barn, do you know what they call that? They keep the hay up there? 100: Loft. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, that's it. And if you had too much hay to get it in the loft, and you put it in a big pile outside, what would you call that? 100: Hay stack. Interviewer: Good, uh-huh. Um, did you ever see a haystack that was, that had some sort of shelter? Four poles and a roof over it? No? Good. Ah, nobody ever knows that one. I think that's in some other part of the country I don't even think they have those in the south. Um, Do you have any idea what they do with hay when they cut it? For the first time. Interviewer: I've never seen it done. Where would they keep cows on a farm? 100: In a fenced area. Interviewer: What would you call it? 100: Um, {D: Not really know.} Interviewer: Well where would you keep them inside so they could get out of the rain? 100: Barn. Interviewer: Okay, where would you keep horses? 100: Stable. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, do you know where they might milk cows outside? Interviewer: Ever hear of a cow lot, or a cow pen, or a milk gap? Okay. Uh, where would you keep hogs and pigs? 100: A pig pen. Interviewer: Good. And, {NS} Where, uh, what do you call the kind of farm where they just raise cows for milk? 100: A dairy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, then what would you call a place around the barn where they might let the animals walk around? Interviewer: No name for that? Barnyard, lot? No? How about the, uh, place where the cows might go out to graze? 100: Grazing land. Interviewer: Alright, um. Do you know the word pasture or field or #1 meadow? # 100: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {NS} What? {NS} 100: Yeah I know {X} Interviewer: Well what- What was the first one I said? 100: Pasture. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, then, do you know anything about raising cotton? 100: No. {NS} Interviewer: Did you, do you know what they call it when they thin it out with a hoe? 100: No. Interviewer: Ever hear chopping cotton? Okay. Do you know what they call grass that grows up in a cotton field that they don't want? 100: Weeds. Interviewer: Mm-kay, that's good enough. And then you- cotton and corn grow in a big area that, would you say a -cotton 100: Gin. Interviewer: Well the thing they grow in. Interviewer: #1 a 'f'. # 100: #2 Cotton # field. Interviewer: Yeah, mm-hmm. And tobacco, w- if, well something else. If something grew in just a little area, that's a? 100: Cotton gin? Uh. Interviewer: If a, say you might have a watermelon 100: Patch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, what kinds of fences do you know about? 100: Barbed wire fences. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Plain fences. Interviewer: #1 Wha- # 100: #2 {D: Wo-} # Interviewer: What do you mean by plain? 100: Wood just uh, going across {D: and} got a little. 100: They cross over like this all up on the top. #1 Going across # Interviewer: #2 Mm, is that, # that's a wire. Isn't it? 100: Nah. Interviewer: Th- that's, is that wood? 100: {D: Nah I ain't} yeah that's wire. Interviewer: Is wire #1 Okay. # 100: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: Yeah, I think I know what you mean. How about, um, wooden fences. How abou- do you know those little fences that, they have little, wooden things coming up that are pointed on top? 100: Stake fence. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a picket fence? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: How you say that? 100: Picket fence. Interviewer: Mm-kay, is that what I'm describing? Little #1 D: legs # 100: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: coming up and #1 down? # 100: #2 I guess # so. Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 100: #2 {X} # {NS} Interviewer: Wooden. 100: And this, some of can be large can it? Interviewer: Mm. Yeah, I guess so. I don't really know much about fences myself. Uh, how about on a farm. Do you know if, when they would stack, have a fence stacked kind of like this? It's an old fashioned fence. It's a wooden fence. 100: I don't know the name of it. Interviewer: Rail fence? 100: I don't guess so, guess that I ain't never heard of it. Interviewer: Haven't you? Do you know the word rail? 100: Yes. I heard rail road. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 Stuff # {D: like that} Interviewer: But that's all that rail means to you. It's just #1 rail road. # 100: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay. Um, then if you were setting up a barbed wire fence you'd have to dig holes for the? 100: Wire. Interviewer: Well the thing that goes in the ground. 100: Stakes. Interviewer: Or what's another word for those? Interviewer: Starts with a p. 100: Pi- {D: I don't know.} Interviewer: Um. 100: Poles. Interviewer: Yeah, like pole, but p-o-s-t, is a? 100: Post. Interviewer: And if you had several of those, you'd say I had a lot of? 100: Posts. Interviewer: Okay, good. And, do you have a name for a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock? 100: No. Interviewer: Ah, did you ever see one? 100: No. Interviewer: Now I know that there're, there're things made out of stone or rock in Atlanta, you know sometimes around a house? 100: Yeah, I seen but it talking about it's not shaped {D: like it just} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Just # say along the bank, what would you call that? 100: A wall. Interviewer: Okay, mm-hmm. And then i- um, what are your best dishes made out of? 100: China. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. {NW} Excuse me. If you saw an egg made out of that, what would you call that? 100: An egg made out of china? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Just put the two words together. 100: Egg china. Interviewer: Other way. 100: China egg. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever see an egg made out of china? 100: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Alright, uh, what would you carry water in? A big #1 thing. # 100: #2 Pail? # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I- what's it made of? 100: Iron. Interviewer: Okay, how about, uh, carrying milk? What would that be? 100: Pail. Interviewer: Is it the same? #1 For water or # 100: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: milk? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Suppose they were at a well, and it were wooden. 100: Bucket. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh, suppose it were plastic, what would you call it then? 100: Bucket. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you know what you'd call a kind of bucket or pail that you might put food in to carry to the pigs? Interviewer: What wou- do you know what they call the food that you take to the pigs? 100: Slop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, so you might call #1 that? # 100: #2 Slop # pail. Interviewer: Okay, good. And then what would you f-, what do you fry eggs in? 100: F- frying pan. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 100: Skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is frying pan what you usually say? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call it if it were electric? 100: Electri-, electric s-, electric pan. or s- skillet. Interviewer: Alright, mm-hmm. And do you, did you ever see one of those big black things that they used to put out in the yard to wash clothes in? Interviewer: Your grandmothers probably had them. Wash pot? Ever hear of that? What do you call the thing that they boil water in to make tea? 100: {D: Water} Interviewer: Well uh- on the stove. Sometimes they're whistling? 100: Tea kettle. Interviewer: Yeah, mm-hmm. {NW} Uh, then what would you call a container that you plant flowers in. 100: Pot. Interviewer: Alright, how 'bout a pl- a container that you, when you cut flowers you might put them in a? 100: Vase. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then what are the eating utensils that you set beside your plate? 100: Forks, spoons, knives. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you had just one of the thing that you cut with, you'd have one? 100: Knife. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} And if the dishes were all dirty you'd say I've got to? 100: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: And then after she washes the dishes to get the soap of she? 100: Dries the di- Interviewer: Well before she drys them she? 100: Rinses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Very good. And what do you call the cloth or rag that you'd use to wash the dishes? 100: Wash cloth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and then to dry them? 100: A- 100: A- a cloth. A rag {D: to wa-} dry the, to dry the dishes. Interviewer: Okay. And then how about uh, what you use to wash your face? 100: Wash cloth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and uh, to dry yourself off? 100: Towel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Ah, then if you were at the kitchen sink what do you call the thing you turn to get the water? 100: Um 100: I just, I don't know, I just call it sink or something. Interviewer: Well the thing that you turn on? 100: Water faucet. Interviewer: That's it, Okay, and then out in the yard ho- if you were gonna hook up a hose what would you call that thing in the yard? 100: Faucet. Interviewer: Alright, and suppose it were on some kind of a, a portable container? Like a water container or something. What would you call that, a little thing that you turn? Interviewer: That a faucet too? 100: Yeah I guess so. {X} Interviewer: Some people call them spickets or hydrants. Do you know of #1 those word- # 100: #2 yeah hydrant. # Interviewer: Now what i- what is a hydrant? 100: {D: Uh, is that like what a} what a fire hydrant {D: did} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Fire hydrant people. Fire- Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 100: #2 fire # men. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Uh, and if it were very cold in the night, your water pipes might do what? 100: Freeze. Interviewer: And then they would? 100: Br- break. Interviewer: What'd you start to say first? 100: Break? Interviewer: Did you start to say something else before you said break? 100: I meant to say break. Interviewer: Oh, Okay. Well if, what if you stuck a pin in a balloon, it would? 100: Burst. Interviewer: Okay, and if it did that yesterday you'd say yesterday it? 100: Burst. Interviewer: Okay. And then what do you call a big, wooden container that flour used to come in? 100: Flour. Interviewer: Or crackers used to come in, or pickles? Interviewer: They're big wooden things and they have bands #1 around # 100: #2 Crate? # Interviewer: Um, I'm sure you know the word you probably just 100: A barrel? Interviewer: That's it. Okay. Ah, do you know what you call a little one that nails came in? Interviewer: Or beer comes in. 100: mug Interviewer: Er, this is a, a wooden container again like a barrel but it's #1 smaller. # 100: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: Keg, do you know that #1 word? # 100: #2 Yeah, # keg. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, then do you know what molasses used to come in when they'd buy a lot of it? This is, I think, before your time. 100: {D: Wood} w- #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: It- I don't even} # I don't even know what it's made of, just a container for a lot of molasses. How 'bout for lard? I think its even before my time, its gotta be before your time. And if you wanted to pour water into a narrow mouthed bottle, what do you call that thing that you'd pour it through? 100: Nozzle. Interviewer: Well it's a, a thing that's narrow at the bottom and then wide at the top? 100: #1 Mm, # Interviewer: #2 And you- # 100: A funnel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then to make your horses go faster you'd hit them with a- 100: Whip. Interviewer: Kay, and uh, if you bought something at the drugstore then the uh, man might pu-, put it into a? 100: Sack. Interviewer: Made of? 100: Paper. Interviewer: Okay. Um, and suppose uh, w- if it were made of cloth, what would you call it if, say a lot of flour would come in a? I don't know if they still sell it that way or not. A, a large amount of sugar or flour? 100: The only thing I knew that come in a big bag are. Interviewer: Is it still made of paper though? 100: Yeah, it's made of paper. Interviewer: If you saw a bag made out of cloth what would you call it? {NS} 100: {X} {NS} Interviewer: What about that um, {NS} that very rough kind of cloth? That maybe potatoes would come in? 100: Potato sack? Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever hear that called a croker sack, or or a toe sack? Or a burlap bag, or a #1 gunny sa- # 100: #2 burlap # bag. Interviewer: Pardon? 100: Burlap bag. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, then do you know what you'd call and I'd bet you wouldn't, the amount of corn you'd take to the mill to be ground at once? If you never lived on a farm I can't imagine you'd, anybody'd know that. Um, Do you, what would you call the amount of wood you could pick up and carry in your arms? 100: {X} S-, s- Interviewer: Or the amount of anything you could carry in your arms, you'd say I've got a whole? a whole arm-? 100: Full o-, full of, full of logs. Of wood. Interviewer: Alright, so what's the, what's the word? A whole? 100: A whole arm full of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright, now if you're um, bulb, I just said the word, if your if it burned out in an electric light, you'd screw in a new? 100: Bulb. Interviewer: What kind of bulb? 100: Electric bulb. Interviewer: What's another word for it? Starting with an L. Something bulb. 100: Lamp. Interviewer: Uh, an l- #1 i-t- # 100: #2 Light # bulb. Interviewer: Yeah, Okay. Uh, then, let's see. If you were taking the wa- if you were, if a woman was taking the washing out to hang it on a line, she'd carry it in a? 100: {NS} In a {NW} Interviewer: Or, um, the Easter rabbit might bring you an Easter- 100: Basket. Interviewer: Okay um, and then, on, on a barrel you know there wooden, and then they've got these medal bands going around them, do you know what to call those? {NS} 100: Metal ban- What, {D: did you,} say that over again? Interviewer: Ah, metal bands that go around a barrel. It's the same word that used to be used for that toy that was popular in the fifties that you'd spin around yourself. 100: Spin top? Interviewer: A, a hula- 100: Hoop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, what would you put in the top of a bottle, to keep the liquid from spilling out? 100: Cork #1 or # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 100: top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, what's a, is a cork, suppose it's made out of glass. Would it still be a cork? 100: The top? Interviewer: A top if it's class, Okay. And what do you call a little musical instrument that you play like that? 100: Harmonica. Interviewer: You know another word for that? Old fashion word? 100: Accordion. Something. Interviewer: Would you ever call it a harp? Mouth organ? Nope? Alright, how about the thing that you hold between your teeth and pluck? Ever hear of a Jew's harp? 100: Jew? Interviewer: Jew's harp? Jew's harp, you see that on, on country music shows sometimes if you ever watch those on television. If you had a wagon and two horses, these again, these are farm terms so you probably won't know them. There's some city terms later on but we gotta get the farm terms over with first. Uh, what would you call a long wooden piece that goes between the horses on the wagon? You probably don't know. And you don't need to know. You're not supposed to know. And if you had a horse pulling a buggy what would you call the two wooden pieces you back the horse between? Okay. And uh, on a wagon wheel? What would you call the outside part of the wheel? 100: The outer wheel? Interviewer: Um, Okay. Do you know what you'd call I'm not even gonna worry with that. Uh, if you had again a horse pulling a wagon, do you know what you'd call the bar that the traces on the horse would fasten to? Or if you had two horses, what those would fasten to? {NS} Ah, must be time for you to go to class, right? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: see whether it's going to be recording today or not. Uh. Did you go to the football game by the way, this week? 100: No. Interviewer: They did win, didn't they? What was the score? 100: Eight to six. Interviewer: #1 {D: How many?} # 100: #2 {D: I mean} # eight to nine. {NS} Interviewer: That is close. {NS} I'm awfully glad they won. Let me see if it's picking you up. {NS} Okay, since it seems to be recording and working at the moment and it may not be five minutes from now we need to get back to this. I know we were in the middle of this farm section, and you don't know much about it, but let's go ahead and finish it anyway. Uh, if somebody is carrying a lot of wood along, and picking it up and putting it down and so forth, what would you say he's doing to the wood? 100: {NS} Carrying the wood. Interviewer: Okay, what's another word that kind of means carrying it or taking it somewhere that begins with an "l". 100: Holding it. Interviewer: Yeah, that's right. Okay. Now suppose there's a, piece of wood, or a log or something and it's too big to pick up. You might tie a rope around it and do what to it? 100: Pull it. Interviewer: Or what's another word for pull? 100: Tug. Interviewer: Or st- uh, word starting with a "d". D-r. 100: Drug, dra- drag. Interviewer: Okay, so if you did that yesterday you'd say you? 100: Drug. Interviewer: And, I have, 100: Drag. Interviewer: Mm-kay, good. And uh, what does the farmer bla- break {NW} the ground with in the spring? 100: Plough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, do you know any different types of ploughs? Do you know what he might use to break the ground up finer than a plough? Did you ever hear of a harrow, or a harrow? Never? Okay. Uh, then um, what do the wheels of a wagon or a car fit on to? You know the wheels are at the end and there's that rod that runs underneath, that's a? 100: Axle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. {NS} And, uh, what would you call a frame that you might lay a log on to chop it? Kind of an x-shaped frame? You ever see that? Okay, this you may have seen, it's an a-shaped kind of thing and you, um. {NS} I think I drew a picture of one. It looks, that's not it. {NS} What did I draw it on? Well, anyway, it, it um {NS} I can't find the piece of paper I drew it on. It's something that's, it's like this and then it's gotta blank across the top and you might have two of them and lay a board on top to saw it. Or they might use it to put boards across to make a picnic table outside? Most people call that a horse or a saw horse, did you ever hear that? No? Okay. I guess you don't chop wood very much where you live. Okay, um. {NS} You straighten your hair with a comb or a- 100: Brush. Interviewer: And when you do that, you say I'm going to? 100: Brush my hair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you would sharpen a straight razor on a leather? Interviewer: It's also something they use to #1 hit kids with. # 100: #2 Whip? # #1 W- # Interviewer: #2 Pardon? # 100: A whip? Interviewer: Well it's a 100: #1 a belt. # Interviewer: #2 {D: piece of} # Ah, it's like a belt. Uh, and I really just want to say, see whether you pronounce it strap or strap. Which way would you say it? 100: Strap. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh, what do you put in a revolver? Not bullets, but something starting with a "c". 100: Case. Interviewer: You say you're firing blank what? 100: Case. Interviewer: Starts with c-a-r. car- 100: Cartridge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, that's it. And uh, these are some things on, they might have a playground if there was a plank and a child sits at each end and you go up and down #1 that's a # 100: #2 See-saw. # Interviewer: And if you're playing on that you'd say you're doing what? 100: Well, see-sawing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, right. Uh, how about something that was anchored in the middle, and you get on the ends and you spin around. You ever see that? 100: A merry- a merry-go-round. Interviewer: Alright, uh-huh. Did you ever see, I don't think they have these in Atlanta. A board that's anchored at both ends and you get in the middle and you jump up and down? Interviewer: #1 That's # 100: #2 A # Interviewer: called a joggling board. You ever hear of that? They have them in south Georgia but I don't think they have them this far north. {NS} And then a thing that, uh, when you tie two ropes on a tree limb and put a board? 100: Swing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, do you know what you call a thing you carry coal in? To put it by the fire. 100: {D: Pair} Interviewer: Alright, that's fine, mm-hmm. And uh, what runs from an old time stove to the chimney? 100: Pipe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you know what flue is? Good, 'cause I don't either. {D: Would} that's true. How, what would you call a little thing that has two handles and one wheel for carrying heavy things? 100: Wa-, uh. Interviewer: It's a wheel #1 some # 100: #2 {D: shelf} # #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 Wheel. # Interviewer: First part of the word is wheel. It's a wheel? 100: Wheel wagons. Interviewer: Wheel barrow, wheel- 100: #1 Wheel # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 100: b- wheel barrow. Okay. Uh, then wha- uh, what do you know what you'd, could carry in your hand for sharpening a knife on? 100: A knife sharpener? {X} Interviewer: Alright, did you ever hear of a wet stone, or wet rock? 100: Yeah, wet rock. Interviewer: Okay, how about a great big thing that might turn around and you sharpen an ax on it? 100: Um, Interviewer: Grind stone or grind rock? Interviewer: Grinding stone, nothing? Okay. Uh, then the thing that you dry, there's a 100: Car. Interviewer: Alright, if something was squeaking in your car, what would you put on it to lubricate it? 100: Oil. Interviewer: Or, what's a, heavy black stuff? 100: Lubricating oil? Interviewer: And if, well, it's um. It's a, if it was squeaking you might say to the mechanic, please do what to my car? Interviewer: Alright. But what I'm, what I'm trying to get you to say is grease. If you were asking #1 a me- # 100: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: -chanic to put grease on the car you'd say to him please do what to my car? 100: Put some grease on it. Interviewer: Well using grease as a verb, please do what do my #1 car? # 100: #2 Grease # my car. Interviewer: Uh-huh, and so yesterday I? 100: Greased my car. Interviewer: Good, and if it g-, the grease got all over your hands you'd say their all? 100: My hands are greasy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Fine. And, do you know what they used to burn in old time lamps? 100: Kerosene. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other name for that? Interviewer: Did you ever see a lamp made from a rag and a bottle and kerosene? 100: {D: Never} seen one of them. Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah but} # 100: #2 {D: Uh} # with a piece of glass over it? Interviewer: Well I don't, I don't think it even has glass over it, it's just somebody takes a bottle and then they put kerosene and a rag in it and they light it, and they use that for a lamp. Know what you'd call that? Okay. Um. That's a really old fashioned thing. Tooth paste comes in a? 100: Tube. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, if you've just built a boat and you're gonna put it in the water for the first time, what do you say you're going to do with it? 100: Launch it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what would you call a little boat that didn't have a motor on it that you just might take out for fishing on a lake? 100: Row boat. Interviewer: Yeah, good. Okay, uh. And, mm. {NS} If uh, a child was just learning to dress himself, the mother might bring in the clothes and put them down in front of the child and say Okay, here? 100: Are your clothes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, fine. And uh, if you saw a little boy and he was afraid of you, and he thought you were gonna do him some injury, you might tell him well don't cry, I'm your friend, I- 100: Not gonna hurt you. Interviewer: Yeah, that's it, good. And if uh, you wh- you gave somebody a ride into town and he thanked you but you uh, you were telling him it wasn't really any trouble you say well that's Okay, we going that way anyway. 100: We were going that way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you were telling somebody about the good old days, when everything used to be better, you might lean back and say ah, blank-blank, the good old days. 100: I wish {NS} {D: was} Interviewer: Those 100: Those good old days. Interviewer: Oh, Okay, that's good enough. And if somebody said was that you I saw in town yesterday, you might say no it- 100: It wasn't me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, uh, if a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color, she might take a little piece of cloth to use as a? 100: Example. Interviewer: Yeah. Or if, uh, somebody gave you, uh, in the grocery store they wanted to sell you some cheese so they'd give you a free- 100: Sample. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if yo- if she saw a dress that she liked, liked, she might say that's a very what dress? 100: Pretty dress. Interviewer: And if she saw one she liked a little more, she said that one's even- 100: Beautiful. Interviewer: Oh, or using another form of pretty #1 That one's # 100: #2 Prettier. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And, uh, a woman might wear over her dress in a kitchen? 100: Flowers. Interviewer: Well, 100: Apron. Interviewer: Yeah, mm-hmm. And, uh, let's see, the thing that you write with is a? 100: Pencil. Interviewer: Or? 100: Pen. Interviewer: And you fasten a baby's diaper with a? 100: Pin. Baby pin. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, soup {NS} used to come in a can made out of? 100: Tin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and a dime is worth? 100: Ten cent. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, uh, in the winter time, what do you put on to keep you warm? 100: Coat. Interviewer: And uh, then the, the thing that a man wears the matching stuff is called a? 100: Suit. Interviewer: And what are the three pieces? 100: Coat, vest, and pants. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You have any other names for pants? 100: Slacks. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. What do, do farmers wear? Work clothes. 100: Overall. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's good. Uh, then, again talking about the suit, if you're old one wore out, you might have to go and buy a brand? 100: New one. Interviewer: Okay, good enough. Uh, then, if uh, you went out in the winter without your coat and someone went back to fetch it, he might say here I have? 100: Your coat. Interviewer: Or I have done what to your coat? 100: Found your coat. Interviewer: And, blank it to you? 100: Give it, gave, give you your coat. Interviewer: Okay, we're getting a lot of verbs but not the particular one I want. I, I'm looking for one that starts with a b-r, I have? 100: Brought to you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And I will? 100: Bring you your coat. Interviewer: And yesterday, I? 100: Brought to you. Interviewer: Yeah, good. And if you stuck a lot of things in your pockets, it would make them what? 100: Big. Interviewer: It would make them, meaning stick out, it would make them- 100: Puff out. Interviewer: Starts with a "b". Bulge or bulge? 100: Bulge. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, you might say that suit fit me last y- uh, this year, the suit fit me, but no, wait a minute, I've got it backwards. Last year it fit me, but, uh, this year? I can't even say the question I'm gonna have to read it. Uh, the coat won't fit this year, but last year it blank perfectly. 100: Fit perfect. Interviewer: Okay. And, i- if you washed something, and then it got smaller, you'd say it did what? 100: Shrunk. Interviewer: And it has? 100: Shrinked. Interviewer: And it will? 100: Shrink. Interviewer: Okay, If a woman likes to put on pretty clothes all the time, you'd say she likes to? 100: Dress pretty. Interviewer: Suppose she just stands in front of the ma-, of the mirror, putting makeup on, she's? 100: Dressing up. Interviewer: Alright, how about a man, what would you say about a man that likes to wear fancy clothes? Interviewer: Would you just say dress up for him to? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um, then, what do you call a little thing that a woman might carry her coins in? 100: Purse. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh, what would a woman wear around a wrist? 100: A bracelet. Interviewer: And around her neck? 100: Necklace. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Suppose it was beads or pearls, or something, would you ah, say a something of beads? 100: A set of, a set of pearls. Interviewer: Alright. Would you ever say a string or a strand? No? Okay. Uh, then, what do men wear well they used to, in-, instead of a belt to hold up their pants? 100: Suspenders. Interviewer: Do you ever hear an old fashioned name for that? Galluses? No? And, when it rains you hold a? 100: Umbrella. Interviewer: Did you ever h- call that a parasol? Ever hear of a parasol? You know what it is? 100: Umbrella. Interviewer: Is it the same thing? 100: I just, fashion, you know. Interviewer: Fashionable name for one? Okay. Uh, then what is the fancy top covering you put over a bed? 100: S- uh, spread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and you put your head on a? 100: Pillow. Interviewer: Did you ever see a pillow that was about twice as long as a regular one? Ever hear of a bolster? Okay. Well, if you saw one and you called it a bolster you might say that bolster doesn't just go part way across the bed, it goes? 100: All the way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, what do you call that s- thing that you might put on the bed to keep you warm, that women stitch together? 100: A quilt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, that's it. And um, I don't know if you know this word or not. Uh, If you had too many people comping- coming to see you, and you didn't have enough beds, you might make up something on the floor for the children, and that's a? 100: Pallet. Interviewer: Good, good, I didn't, I thought that might be an old fashion word you wouldn't know. And I think this tape's about to run out. {NS} Interviewer : Okay, it looks like it's recording. Um, th- these are some questions about types of land, and so forth. Th- a farmer might say I'm gonna get a big yield from this field because the soil is very 100: Soft? Uh. Interviewer : It's a word that means rich when you're talking about soil. Starts with an F. 100: Fertilizer. Interviewer : #1 Alright, # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer : okay. Uh, what would you call low land along the stream? 100: A valley? Interviewer : It's mostly farmers who'd know these things. Would you ever hear of bottom land? {NS} No? Okay. How about, uh flat land where nothing really grows but maybe grass or flowers? 100: Plain. Interviewer : Alright. And how about, I know you know this word, wou- a where there're a lot of water and um bog, and alligators and 100: Swamp. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you know what you'd call one that was salt water that was by the sea? 100: Stream? Interviewer : Um, how about marsh. Do you know that word? {NS} Okay, um. {X} Do you have any names for different kinds of soil? 100: Dirt. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. How about that red stuff that Georgia's famous for? 100: Red clay. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} Okay. Did you ever hear of loam? Alright, uh. If you're getting water off the swamp, you'd say your doing what? 100: S- 100: {X} Interviewer : Draining it or draining it? 100: Draining. Interviewer : #1 Alright. # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer : And what would you call a thing that you would dig to drain the water? 100: A hole. Interviewer : Or a th- a long thing that the water runs along. 100: Gully, or som- Interviewer : Word starting with a D? 100: Ditch. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Okay. {X} How about I, I don't think you'll know a word for this because Atlanta's not on the sea. But do you know what you'd call a place where the water flows in and out with the tide? 100: Current. Interviewer : Well it's kind of a l- uh, s- name of a stream. 100: Gulf stream? Interviewer : Hmm, alright, well, {NW} Uh, then how about a deep, narrow valley that's cut by a stream of water? 100: River. {NS} Interviewer : Mm. Not the river, not the stream of water itself but the, the valley. {X} walking along and then there were a place where it just dropped down about ten feet and there were maybe water in the bottom, would you, have a name for it? 100: Trenches? Interviewer : Alright. Would the- would you ever call anything like that a gulch or a canyon or a ravine or #1 anything like # 100: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer : that? What? 100: A ravine. Interviewer : Alright. {NW} And um, you had said gully before, would you describe a gully? 100: Uh, like, like going around the house. Like it's {NS} made like, sorta like a U but it's going like a tunnel Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: #1 and stuff. # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm, okay. Uh, s- if uh, {X} what do you call a little body of water that's just flowing along? 100: Stream. Interviewer : Any other name for that? 100: Pond. {NS} Interviewer : Does a pond flow? 100: Oh, no. Interviewer : Or it, it's just sitting there? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Anything smaller than a stream? 100: I guess so, but I don't, I can't think of a word. Interviewer : Are there any uh, streams in your neighborhood? 100: No. Interviewer : How about, any rivers that you know about? 100: Mississippi river. Interviewer : Well how about in Atlanta though? 100: Um, Chattanooga river. Interviewer : #1 Okay # 100: #2 Chattahoochee. # Interviewer : Yeah, that's it. Uh, then, let's see, what would you call a small rise in the land? 100: Mound? Interviewer : Anything bigger than a mound? 100: A mountain. Interviewer : Well what's sort of between a mound and then a mountain? 100: Hill. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Alright, good. Uh, and the thing you turn to open the door with is a? 100: Door knob. Interviewer : Would you ever call a hill a knob? Mm, they don't do that in this, that part of the country and you're not supposed to know that. Uh, then you mentioned gulf stream before. What do you call that big body of water that's south of the United States? 100: Uh, Pacific? Interviewer : It, no gulf something. 100: The gulf, the gulf stream? Interviewer : It's the gulf of 100: Mexico. Interviewer : Okay. And uh, if your getting back to the mountain again. If the, there's a place where the mountain drops off, you'd say don't fall off the 100: The hill? Interviewer : Well it's the rocky #1 side of # 100: #2 The cliff. # Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And so you'd say the mountain has two 100: Cliff. Interviewer : Okay. And uh, up in the mountains where the road goes through in a low place, would you have a name for that? Would you call that anything like a notch or a pass or a gap? Nope? Not at all. Then ah, in the mountains too, where there's water flowing along and all the sudden it drops off, that's a? 100: Waterfall. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. How about a place, uh, where boats stop and freight is unloaded? 100: Sea port. Interviewer : Or just the place where the boat comes in? 100: Port. Interviewer : Okay, that's good enough. Um, what are roads made of? 100: Uh, asphalt. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, what else? What is asphalt made of? I don't even know. 100: I guess coal, I don't know. Interviewer : What's that black sticky stuff? 100: Tar. Interviewer : Uh-huh. How about a road that's not paved at all? 100: Dirt road. Interviewer : And how about the one that's got those little rocks on it? 100: A rock road? {NS} Interviewer : Gravel, do you know that? 100: Yeah, gravel. Interviewer : Okay. And then the thing that people walk along is the? 100: Sidewalk. Interviewer : What's that made of? 100: Concrete. Interviewer : Mm-kay. Uh, then, what would you call a big main road? 100: Highway. Interviewer : And how about a smaller road, a little road that goes off the highway? 100: Street I guess. Interviewer : Alright, fine. Uh, how about a road that g- n- it's not really a road but it goes from the street up to your house? 100: #1 Driveway. # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # And what would you call the strip of grass that's between the sidewalk and the street? {NS} 100: Weed. Interviewer : Well, you know that strip, you have to mow it. But it's between the sidewalk and the street. You have a name for it? That's funny, people in some parts of the south have names for it and other parts don't, and they don't have a name for it in Atlanta so it's right that you don't. Uh, okay, if you were walking along and a dog jumped out at you, you might pick up a 100: Rock. Interviewer : And you would say I 100: Threw it at it. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} And uh, if you went to somebody's house and knocked and nobody answered, you'd say I guess he's not 100: Here. Interviewer : Or he's not at 100: Home. Interviewer : Okay. And uh, if somebody came to see your mother and say you were out in the yard and you, they ask you is she home y- and we would say yes, she's 100: In the house. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if she's in the room where you prepare food, you'd say she's 100: In the kitchen. Interviewer : Mm-hmm good. Uh, and then that black stuff that people sometimes drink for breakfast is 100: Coffee. Interviewer : And uh, there are two ways that you can drink coffee in terms of putting milk in it. You can say I drink it blank milk or blank milk. 100: With milk and without milk. Interviewer : That's it exactly, good. And if somebody's not walking away from you, you say he's walking {NS} 100: Towards you.{NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if you saw somebody that you hadn't seen in a while and you were telling somebody else about him and you might say guess who I ran In to #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 today. # Interviewer : And uh, if you gave a child the same name as her mother, you'd say we named the child 100: After her mother. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NS} Okay. And then, the next few questions are about animals. This is mostly farm animals, but not completely. The kind of animal that barks is a 100: Dog. Interviewer : If you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you say to him? 100: Sic 'em. Interviewer : Good. And um, what would you call a dog that's not any particular breed? 100: A mutt. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, anything else? Ah, what would you call a very noisy little dog? 100: A runt. Interviewer : Okay. Did you ever hear of a feist? No, okay. Ah, then if he were a mean dog you'd say you better look out he might 100: Bite you. Interviewer : And yesterday he {NS} 100: Bit you Interviewer : And he has? 100: Bit you. {NS} Interviewer : Okay. And then, uh, the animal that you milk is a? 100: Cow. Interviewer : And, uh, a male is a? 100: B- bull. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And a baby one is a? 100: Calf. Interviewer : You have different names for male and female? 100: I don't think so.{D} {NS} Interviewer : Okay, how about um, uh, if a, a cow is about to have a calf she, say she's going to what? 100: Have a calf. Interviewer : Would you ever say anything like freshen or come fresh or drop a calf or there's some more too but I can't remember 'em. They're, those are old country terms. And then the animal that looks kind of like a horse but its got long ears is a 100: Donkey. Interviewer : Or? 100: Mule. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh, if you had two of those you'd say you had a what of mules? 100: Two mules? {NS} Interviewer : A something of mules. Two of them pulling a plough? 100: Couple of mules. Interviewer : Okay how about um that animal that looks kind of like a bull? that they sometimes use for ploughing? 100: Ox. Interviewer : Mm-hmm if you had two of those what would you have? 100: A couple of ox. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then if uh, well the animal that you ride is a 100: Horse. Interviewer : And two of those are two 100: Couple of horses. Interviewer : Okay. And a female is a Starts with an M. 100: M- mare. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And a male is a 100: Colt. Interviewer : Starts with an S. 100: Stallion. Interviewer : Good. Uh then if you uh were getting up on your horse you say I'm going to? 100: Ride my horse Interviewer : And yesterday I 100: Rid my horse Interviewer : And I have 100: Ridden my #1 horse. # Interviewer : #2 Okay. # And if he couldn't stay on you'd say he fell 100: Off. Interviewer : Alright and if a little child was in bed and then woke up on the floor he'd say gee I must've 100: Fallen off the bed. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh the things you put on the horse's feet are the? 100: Horse shoe. Interviewer : Okay. And uh the game you might play with those is? 100: Horse shoe. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh do you ever see anybody play that with rings instead of horse shoes? What would they call that? 100: Ring I don't know. I just seen it I ain't hear them call the name. Interviewer : You ever play that? Mm-kay. Um. I think I just skipped one. I did. The horses feet are called what? Starts with an H? 100: Hooves. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and if yo- just one of them would be one? 100: Hoof. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. A- do you know what you call a male sheep? Interviewer : Alright now the male could be a ram or a buck. Would you use one of those? 100: Ram. Interviewer : Alright and the female is spelled e-w-e, how would you say that? {NS} 100: Ear- {X} ewe. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of that? Nope? Okay. Um then on their backs they have what? 100: Wool. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh then the animal that uh well the the animal that you get pork from is a what? 100: {D: What'd you say} Interviewer : That you get pork from? 100: Pig. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And a baby one would be a? 100: Hog? Interviewer : How about a big one? 100: Hog. Interviewer : Same thing weather it's big or small? Okay a female? Interviewer : How about a male? {NS} Alright suppose you had a hog and you didn't want it to be able to breed what would you do to it? 100: Sterilize. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Okay, would you say the same thing about any animal? 100: Yes. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer : #2 Okay. # Uh then do you know what you would call a male hog after you had sterilized it? Alright. That's something very few city people would know unless they really lived on a farm and seen it done. Uh what do hogs have on their backs that stiff hair that stands up? Interviewer : It's the same stuff you have in a hair brush. Bristle, do you know that word? Nope, okay. How about the uh big teeth a hog has? An elephant has them too. 100: Tusk. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And what would you call a hog that's grown up wild? 100: Bore. Interviewer : Alright and what is the um trough? I just said the word. Alright well the thing you put the food for the hogs in is a? 100: Trough. Interviewer : And several of those are? 100: Troughs. Interviewer : It's awfully hard to s- to ask these things without saying the word sometimes. And um these are sounds that different animals make. What wou- noise would you say a calf makes? 100: Moo? Interviewer : How about a cow? 100: Same thing. Interviewer : Alright how about a horse? 100: Hee-haw {D: somethin-} Interviewer : How about whinny or nicker or wicker or anything like that? 100: Whinny I #1 guess. # Interviewer : #2 Alright. # And if you had some horses and mules and cows and they were all getting hungry you'd say uh I guess I'd better go feed the? 100: Animals. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and suppose you had some chickens and turkeys and geese you'd say I'm gonna go feed the? 100: Poultry. Interviewer : Good. Uh then a hen on a nest of eggs is called a 100: What you say? Interviewer : A hen on a nest of eggs. 100: I don't know.{D} Interviewer : Another I'm still on the country terms here but I will get through with them pretty soon. A sitting hen or a setting hen or a brooding hen? Any of those? Do you know what you call the place that, where chickens live? Little shelter. A #1 chicken- # 100: #2 Hen house. # Interviewer : Alright how about uh c-o-o-p, how would you say that? {NS} 100: C-o-o-p? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. A chicken- 100: coop. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear of that? Okay. Uh then the, the bone on a chicken that children like to break? 100: Wishbone. Interviewer : What happens when you break it? Tell me about it. 100: Mm- Interviewer : Why do they do that? 100: For wish. Interviewer : #1 And then # 100: #2 Wish- # wish for something. Interviewer : And who wins? 100: The piece with with the uh the end on it. Interviewer : The big piece? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Okay. Does anything happen to the small end? 100: Break I guess. Interviewer : But you don't get anything if you get the small end? Okay. A- do you know what you call the inside parts of a chicken? Like the liver and the gizzard and the heart and all that? Did you ever hear of haslet? Haslet? How about the inside parts of a pig? I think it's the small intestine. 100: Chitlins. Interviewer : Mm-hmm {NW} you ever eat chitlins? I keep asking people if they have and some people have and some people haven't. The people that have eaten it say it's good but I I've never had, known anybody that knew how to cook it. If it was time to feed the animals and uh do the chores and all that you'd say it's what time? 100: Feeding time. Interviewer : Good. And um do you know how to call a cow? Or how to make a cow stand still? Do you know how to call a calf? Uh what are some of the others. Do you know how to call a mule or a horse? {D: Mm, faster} Do you know how to make a horse turn left and right, or a mule? 100: Talking about when you're on it or {D} Interviewer : #1 Hmm? # 100: #2 {D: telling} # When you're on it? Interviewer : When you're uh ploughing. 100: Pull the string right or left? Interviewer : Okay mm-hmm. And how do you make a horse get started when you ride him? Or drive him? What would you say to him? 100: Giddy-up. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and how would you stop him? 100: Ho. Interviewer : Okay and do you know how to call pigs? 100: Sooey I guess. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and you know how to call sheep? How about chickens? Alright if you're going to um get the horses ready to go somewhere you'd say I'm gonna do what to the horses? Meaning put all the stuff on them. 100: Dress. Interviewer : And uh so that you can attach him to the buggy you have to put the what on him? I need to hear how you say it so I'm gonna spell it h-a-r-n-e-s-s? 100: Ha- harness. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: #1 Harness. # Interviewer : #2 Okay uh-huh. # Uh then when your driving the horse when you're in the buggy what do you hold in your hands? 100: Whip. Interviewer : Well the things that make the horse go. The things that are attached to the horse? 100: {NW} Harness? Interviewer : How about when you're ploughing? 100: Rope. Interviewer : Alright and uh when you're riding the horse what do you hold? 100: Rope I guess. Interviewer : Mm-kay uh then what do you put your feet in when you're riding? Those things on each side of the saddle. Stirrups? 100: Stirrups. Interviewer : You know that word? No? Okay uh do you know if your, if you had two horses what you'd call the one on the left or the one on the right? Other than left or right. Which is all I would call 'em cuz I don't know. Okay um that's something people know that live out in the country that plough. They sometimes have special names for 'em. If something were not really close by you'd say it's just a little? 100: Farther away. Interviewer : Alright suppose it's, it's a quite a distance you say we still have a what to #1 go? # 100: #2 Long # ways to go. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. If uh something very common, you didn't have to look in a special place, you'd say oh you can find that just about 100: Anywhere. Interviewer : And if you slipped and fell that way you fell 100: Backward. Interviewer : And that way you fell- 100: Forward. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. If uh you went fishing and had no luck and I said did you catch any fish you would say no blank a one. 100: I didn't catch n- no- {X} no one. Interviewer : Okay thank you. Uh let's see a school boy might say of his teacher why is she blaming me? I- 100: Didn't do nothing. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh if somebody apologizes for breaking something of yours, say he broke you're pencil and you'd say oh that's alright, I didn't like that 100: Pencil anyway. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh if a child was crying and you said what's the matter he'd say why he was eating candy and he didn't give me 100: Any. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} And um just a few more farm questions and then I'm through with that. Ah the f- trenches that are cut by a plough, do you know what you'd call those? Starts with an F. Furrow? You don't know that word? Okay. Uh if you had a good yield you might say I raised a big? 100: Farm. Interviewer : Um starts with a c-r a big 100: Crop. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh if you got rid of all the brush and the trees on the land you'd say you did what? 100: Cleared the land. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. A- do you know what you'd call it if you cu- you harvested the crop once and then enough came up to harvest it a second time? {NS} 100: Second harvest? Interviewer : Good. How about a crop that you planted, that you had not planted but it came up anyway, maybe it was left over from a year ago or something? Did you ever hear of a volunteer crop? Okay. Uh then do you know what wheat is tied up into? 100: Barrel. I mean- Interviewer : If you just took the wheat and tied it up what would you call that? Well um {NW} do you know then what you'd call it if you stacked those things up? 100: Stacks of wheat. Interviewer : Alright. Uh then if you this is a, a measurement you'd say we raised forty something of wheat to an acre. It's a, a weight. It's, more than a peck would be a? 100: Pound. Interviewer : Starts with a B. It's an old song. I love you a something and a peck. It's from Guys and Dolls. {NW} The word I'm looking for is bushel. You'd say we raised forty 100: Bushels. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then do you know what you'd do with oats to separate the grain from the chaff? There's a word that s- it means beat 'em I think and it starts with t-h-r? 100: Thread? Interviewer : Thresh or thrash? 100: Thrash. Interviewer : Okay. The- so you'd say the oats 100: Thrashed. Interviewer : Starting a sentence with the oats you'd say the oats? 100: Were thrashed. Interviewer : Okay good. Then uh these, this next section is about pronouns. Yeah the, a lot about pronouns. And um, if I s- was talking to you and talking about a job I would say to you blank and blank have to do this interview. 100: Me and you have to do this #1 interview. # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm # and it's not for just you or just me, it's for? 100: Him. Interviewer : It's not for just you or just me, it's for blank of us. 100: Both of us. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if uh if you're talking about yourself and another person you'd say blank and blank are going. 100: Him and I. I- him and I are going somewhere. Interviewer : Alright. And uh if you knocked on the door and somebody said who's there and you know they know your voice so you don't use your name you just say it's- 100: Me. Interviewer : Okay and if a man knocked on the door you would say oh it's just 100: A man. Interviewer : Using a pronoun again. 100: Him. Interviewer : Pardon? 100: Him. Interviewer : Okay and if it's a woman it's 100: Her. Interviewer : If it's two people it's 100: The- w- him. I don't #1 know. # Interviewer : #2 Two # people. 100: Them. Interviewer : Okay. And um comparing how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall as 100: I am. Interviewer : Or the other way around, I'm not as tall as 100: He is. Interviewer : Or he can do it better than 100: I can. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if uh somebody was running and he ran two miles and then he had to stop you'd say two miles is the blank he could go. 100: The farthest that he can run. Interviewer : Very good. If something belongs to me you would say it's 100: Hers. Interviewer : Or? If you're talking to me you say it's 100: It's your. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and if it belongs to him it's? 100: His. Interviewer : And if it belongs to two people it's? 100: Their. Interviewer : And belongs to both of us it's? 100: Their. Interviewer : To us. 100: Oh. Interviewer : #1 It's # 100: #2 Ours. # Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh then if several people were leaving and you wanted 'em to come back you'd say I hope blank will come again. 100: Hope they come again. Interviewer : You're talking to them. #1 I hope # 100: #2 Hope # y'all come again. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And supposing uh you were, look out the window and there was a car out there that belonged to two people and you'd say uh-oh somebody's about to hit 100: Y'all- your car. Interviewer : You started to say what? 100: Y'all car. Interviewer : Okay is that, do you say that? Okay. Uh then if uh there'd been a party or something and you weren't, you weren't able to go and you wanted to know what people had been to the party you might ask somebody what blank had been there? 100: What you said? {NS} Interviewer : Alright you, you're trying to find out who went. You couldn't go yourself so you ask blank was there? 100: Was he there? Interviewer : You're asking about all the people. 100: Were they there? Was it, was they there. Interviewer : Ah would you ever say who all was there? 100: Yeah who all there. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Alright now suppose you missed class or something and you wanted to know what the teacher had said you would say well blank did she say? 100: What did she say. Interviewer : Would you ever say what all did she say? No? Okay. Then uh if no one else will look out for them you'd say they got to look out for 100: Themself. Interviewer : And if no one will do it for him he's got to do it 100: Himself. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} And uh what is made of flour and baked in a loaf? 100: Bread. Interviewer : And can you name some different kinds of bread? 100: Raisin bread, {NS} roll. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NS} How about those little round things that you'd 100: #1 Muffins. # Interviewer : #2 {D: use} # You sometimes have 'em for breakfast? You might put butter or jam on 'em? 100: Biscuit. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And what's made out of corn meal? 100: Cornbread. Interviewer : Anything else? Are there any? 100: Muffins. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Corn muffin. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear of a corn dodger? How about those things that are round and you eat 'em with fish? 100: Uh, I know that Interviewer : Hush- 100: Hush puppies Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh did you ever hear of eating something made out of corn meal that you boil with greens? Interviewer : Usually called a corn dumpling. This is something I've never had so I don't know much about it. Did you ever hear of a corn pone? {NW} How about, um Something made in the ashes out of cornmeal? {NW} Okay that gets {NS} I think that gets all the corn stuff. There if- might say that two kinds of bread, there's homemade bread or there's the kind you get at the store and you call that 100: Ready made bread. Interviewer : Okay. Fine. Uh then the thing with a hole in the middle is a? Sweet thing. 100: Donut. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh then something- when you make up a batter you might fry some of 'em in a skillet and eat 'em for breakfast? 100: Pancakes. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} Any other name for those? 100: Flapjack. Interviewer : Are they the same? Did you ever hear of hear 'em called flitters or fritters meaning pancake? How about batter cake? No? Alright uh then uh ah weight. You might go to the store and say I need to buy five something of flour. 100: Five pounds of flour. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} And uh what would you put in bread to make it rise? Uh #1 Starts with a # 100: #2 baking soda. # Interviewer : Well it's something it's like that but it's it comes in little cakes or little envelopes? Starts with a Y. 100: Yeast. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} And then the two parts of the egg are the? 100: Yolk and Interviewer : {D: I} think they just call it the white, the other part. #1 What color is # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer : the yolk? 100: Yellow. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And um when you cook eggs, if you cook 'em in hot water in the shell what do you call that? 100: Boiled #1 eggs. # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # Suppose you break the shell and then let 'em fall into hot water? 100: Hot water poached egg. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Yeah uh then what would you call the kind of fat meat that you might boil with greens or beans? 100: Fat back. Interviewer : Mm-hmm any other name for that? 100: Ham hocks. Interviewer : Is that the same? Mm-kay. Uh and if what- if you cut the side of a hog what would you call that? 100: Side of the hog? Interviewer : Mm-hmm ever hear of middling? That's another old fashioned name. Uh and then the meat that some people buy sliced that you eat with eggs 100: Bacon. Interviewer : Mm-hmm wou- do you have a name for it if it was unsliced? How about the tough edge that you cut off the bacon? I think that's if it's unsliced that you can't eat. 100: Oh {NS} hmm mm I know it but I just can't #1 can't # Interviewer : #2 {D: No} # Some people say rind and some people say skin. 100: I guess skin. Interviewer : Alright. Then the kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain 100: Weiners. Interviewer : {D: R-} these are little bitty things that you fry for breakfast. 100: Sausage. Interviewer : Alright and uh the man in the store who sells meat is a? 100: Butcher. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh if the meat had, was bad and you couldn't eat it you'd say its? 100: Spoil. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What would you say if butter had gone bad? 100: Spoil. Interviewer : Alright. And if you um, what would you make with the meat from a hog's head? 100: {D: I don't know} Interviewer : Did you ever hear of souse? 100: Souse, souse meat? Interviewer : Mm-hmm, what's that? 100: It's some kind of meat made out of all different kind of sausage. Cut it in half and make sandwiches out of it. Interviewer : Is it good? Mm, mm-kay. Um and what would you call d- you, would you have, know a name for a dish that's made out of cooking and cutting up hog liver, grinding it up? How about hog blood? 100: {D: Mm} Interviewer : Mm-mm. How about uh taking souse, juice from souse and cornbread, and let me read the description cause I don't know what it is. Uh stirring it up with corn meal and maybe hog meat and cooking it and then slicing it and frying it, did you ever hear of doing that? 100: What? {NW} Interviewer : Did you ever hear scrapple that's what I'm trying to dis- describe. Okay uh I don't think they do that in this part of the country. Uh do you know what you call thick sour milk that you might keep on hand? 100: Buttermilk. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of clabber? 100: Yeah clabber. Interviewer : What is clabber? 100: When it's spoiled or something like that. Interviewer : Mm so it's no good if it's clabber? Ah do you know what kind of cheese they used to make out of clabber? 100: Chedder cheese? Interviewer : Well it's the kind of cheese that you can still buy in the store. It's a diet food? 100: Uh cheddar, I mean Interviewer : It's that #1 {X} # 100: #2 Cottage cheese. # Interviewer : Yeah. Tha- that's made out of clabber. A lot of people don't know that. Uh then if you just milked the cow what would be the first thing you'd have to do with the milk to get the impurities out? You'd have to 100: Pour it out. Interviewer : To pour it through a cloth to do what to it? 100: To get all the fat out? Interviewer : What would you say you're doing? You're str- 100: Straining. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh then do you know what you would call a it's like a pie but it's in a deep dish and it has layers of fruit and dough? {X} It doesn't have dough on the bottom. 100: A pie. Interviewer : It's might be an apple something or a peach something? 100: Peach cobbler. Interviewer : Mm-hmm yeah that's it. And uh if somebody has a good appetite you say he sure likes to put away his 100: Food. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh b- a sweet liquid that you might pour over cake or pie would be? 100: Um Interviewer : Might, you might say if 100: #1 Icing. # Interviewer : #2 you might po- # have lemon something? 100: Icing. Interviewer : Okay good enough. And um {NW} a little bit of food that you might eat between your meals would be a? 100: Snack. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And how about um what you do with food? You say every morning I 100: {NW} Eat. Interviewer : Mm-hmm yesterday I 100: Ate. Interviewer : And I have #1 {NW} # 100: #2 Eaten. # Interviewer : Okay. And uh you were talking about well I was talking about coffee earlier, how do you prepare coffee? 100: Sit in the pot. {NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm {NS} {NS} I think that's the your lunch bell right? Well why don't you go ahead to lunch. {X} Think I've even not forgotten where we were in s- the space of half an hour. Um, if you were thirsty you might go over to the sink and get yourself a what? 100: Drink of water. Interviewer : And it wh- you'd put it in a? 100: Glass. Interviewer : And if the glass fell off the sink it would? 100: Break. Interviewer : And yesterday it? 100: Broke. Interviewer : And it has 100: Broke. Interviewer : Okay now talking about the water, what you would do with it, you would 100: Drink it. Interviewer : Yesterday I 100: Drank it. Interviewer : I have 100: Drink. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if uh you had company for dinner and they were all standing up and you wanted them to be seated, you would say 100: Please be seated. Interviewer : What's another way of saying that? 100: You may sit down. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And so then they all 100: Sat down. Interviewer : And they have 100: Sat down. Interviewer : Alright and if uh you wanted them to start the food moving you would say go ahead and 100: Eat. Interviewer : Go ahead and blank yourself. 100: Go ahead and serve yourself. Interviewer : Or if, another word. Starts with an H. Interviewer : Go ahead and 100: Have dinner. Interviewer : Ah if you were if somebody was chasing you, you might shout 100: Hold it. Interviewer : If you were in trouble you might shout 100: Help. Interviewer : Yeah #1 so if you go ahead and # 100: #2 Help yourself. # Interviewer : Yeah alright so he, then he {NS} 100: Helped his-self. Interviewer : And he has 100: Helped himself. Interviewer : Good. Uh then um food No I've se- about to skip one there. If you were passed something and you didn't want it what would you say to {X} the food. What would you say to refuse it? 100: I pass. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then suppose uh you've had something for Sunday dinner and there was enough left to serve it again on Monday, you'd say we're having 100: Leftovers. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And you put your food in your mouth and you begin to 100: Chew. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and then after you chew it you 100: Digest it. Interviewer : Well first you have to 100: Swallow. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, okay. Uh then uh did you ever have food that's made out of corn meal and water that's boiled? And you eat it with a spoon? Mush, did you ever hear that? Or cush? No. Uh then things like beets and peas and carrots are all 100: Vegetable. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and you would grow them in a 100: Vegetable uh vegetable garden. Interviewer : Mm-kay good. And what uh do you call that food that's made from corn that's ground up and you eat it for breakfast? It's white. 100: Rice. Interviewer : It's ground. 100: Grits. Interviewer : Yeah that's it. And how about stuff that's also made from corn that's whole grain? It can be white or yellow. And it's served as a vegetable sometimes and 100: Corn? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. I think you make it with lye. Interviewer : You know about hominy? Do you ever eat it? No? Alright um {NS} what would you call a homemade whiskey or a really cheep whiskey? 100: Booze. Uh Interviewer : Anything especially if it was homemade? 100: Moonshine? Interviewer : Mm-hmm okay. Anyth- anything for any kind that was really strong or, or really dangerous. Okay. Uh if something made a good impression on your nostrils, something that was cooking you might say to a friend just {NW} 100: Smell it. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh, then what would you pour on pancakes? 100: Syrup. Interviewer : {NW} Is there uh something that's like syrup but it's blacker. 100: Molasses. Interviewer : Yeah. And if you were Interviewer : at the difference between molasses and syrup you might say the molasses 100: Is black. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then if uh something was not imitation you might say it's not imitation it's 100: Original. And another word meaning the same thing, it starts with a G. It's gen- Gen- genuine? Interviewer : Mm-hmm, that's it. Uh then sugar bef- this is an old term, before it was sold in packages it used to be sold how? 100: In sacks? Interviewer : Well i- but even before that it would be, they just weigh up a certain amount it would be sold and they'd scoop it up when you ask for it. Or it's it's a word that means any large amount if you're ordering a large amount of something, you'd say I'm going to order in {NS} You might not know the word, b-u-l-k? 100: Plunk. Pl- Interviewer : Bulk or bulk. Bulk. Do you know that word? {NW} No. Okay uh and then the stuff that you might spread on your toast, that sweet stuff. 100: Butter? Interviewer : Sweet. Made out of fruit? 100: Jelly. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Ah and you would season your food with? 100: Salt and pepper. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and if there is a bowl of apples and a child wants one he might say to his mother 100: Can I have an apple? Interviewer : Well he's not even asking permission he's just saying #1 {X} # 100: #2 {X} # Give me an apple. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. That's it. And if it wasn't one of these boys you might say it must have been one of 100: #1 Those boys. # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # And if something is uh not here it's 100: #1 There. # Interviewer : #2 or # or over 100: There. Interviewer : Okay, would you ever say yonder? Over yonder? Okay I think that's an old time expression. Don't do it that way, do it 100: This way. Interviewer : Alright and if uh somebody said something and then you couldn't hear 'em what would you say to make 'em repeat? 100: Beg your pardon. {NS} {NS} Interviewer : Kay. {NS} Uh if um the opposite of rich is {NS} 100: Poor. {NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm and if um you might say this just finish the sentence. If a man had plenty of money he has nothing to worry about but life is hard on a man 100: when he's poor. Interviewer : Okay. Or putting that another way leaving out the when life is hard on a man 100: When he's Interviewer : Leave out the when. Life is hard on a man 100: Poor. That is poor. Interviewer : Yeah that's good Uh then a group of trees, a big group of trees would be a 100: Forest. Interviewer : Or uh you might, say you have a peach 100: Uh Interviewer : Or an apple 100: Orchard. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and uh this is another finishing the sentence. If somebody ask you is that your orchard you'd say no I'm just the neighbor and you point and say he's the man 100: That owns the orchard. Interviewer : Good. And another one. Uh When I was a Interviewer : father was poor but next door was a child 100: That father had, was rich. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then uh what would you call the inside of a cherry? 100: Pit. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and inside of a peach? 100: Pit. Interviewer : Okay. Now the two kinds of peaches really there's one kind where the meat breaks away from the stone and one kind where it sticks to the stone what do you call those? {NS} 100: {X} Interviewer : Do you know d- have you seen the two different kinds? 100: Yeah I seen 'em but I don't I just call both of 'em peach. Interviewer : Alright. Uh what's the part of an apple that you don't eat? 100: Core. Interviewer : Okay. And um what would you call it if you cut up apples or peaches and um dried them? 100: Preserve. Interviewer : Did you ever hear the word snitz or dried apples? Good. I think that's a German word nobody ever seems to know that one. Then uh the kind of nut that Jimmy Carter grows is 100: #1 Peanuts. # Interviewer : #2 Okay. # Do you know any other name for peanuts? How about goobers or ground peas? No? 100: {X} Interviewer : Um what are some other common kinds of nuts? 100: Walnuts. {NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: A- acorns. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Almonds. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Pecans. {NS} Interviewer : Mm good. Those, that's 100: #1 {X} # Interviewer : #2 fine. # Uh, ah talking about the walnut when they are on the tree they've got a soft covering outside 100: #1 uh # Interviewer : #2 what would you call that? # 100: A shell. Interviewer : Uh what would you call the hard cover you have to crack? 100: Shell. Interviewer : Alright And then the kind of fruit that's about as big as an apple that they grow in Florida is 100: Orange. Interviewer : Alright and um if there had been you had had some and you wanted one and you went and looked and there were not anymore you would say the 100: Oranges are gone. Interviewer : Good. Uh then the little red vegetable that's white inside, it's peppery? 100: White vegetable. Interviewer : It's red but it's white inside you cut it up in salads? 100: Pepper? Interviewer : It's, starts with an R. 100: Radish. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And then another kind of vegetable, I guess it's a vegetable that is kind of mushy that you slice for salads or sandwiches? 100: Tomato. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Wha- do you have a name for little bitty tomatoes? Did you ever hear those called tommy toes? Okay. And then the, the stuff the thing you might eat with your meat. You might have a baked 100: Potato. Interviewer : And uh what is the kind that's yellow inside? Or orange? 100: Sweet potato? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh do you know what a yam is? Okay. Then the, the kind of vegetable that when you cut it makes you cry? 100: Onion. Interviewer : Do you have a name for the little ones? {D: Where y-} you eat the stem too? 100: Green onion. Interviewer : That's it uh-huh. And how about a vegetable that's kind of long and it's slimy if you boil it? 100: Celery. Interviewer : You can cut it up and fry it it's much better if you cook it that way. 100: Uh okra. Interviewer : Yeah that's it. {X} Uh then if you leave uh an apple or a plum around the skin might dry up and 100: Wilt. Interviewer : {X} There's a word beginning with an s-h. 100: Shrink? Interviewer : It's like that. It's um hmm. 100: Shrivel? Interviewer : That's the word. Um and then the kind of vegetables that come in heads? 100: Lettuce. Interviewer : And there's another one. That you make coleslaw out of. 100: {X} Interviewer : Starts with a C. 100: #1 Cabbage. # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # {NS} And um if you were buying several of those you {X} you'd say I want several 100: Heads of lettuce or cabbage. Interviewer : Okay. Then um to get beans out of the pod by hand you would what? 100: Break 'em. Interviewer : {D: X} you'd, actually getting 'em out of the pod you're opening the pod, I'm gonna do #1 what? # 100: #2 Splitting. # Interviewer : Um what do you call that kind of bean that's kind of shaped like an ear? It's flat. And #1 {X} # 100: #2 Butter bean. # Interviewer : That's it. {D: Well} how do you get butter beans out of the pod? What do you say you do? Interviewer : You ever say shell beans? You don't say shell. Okay. Uh then what is the kind of bean that you don't have to get out of the pod? You eat the pod too. 100: String bean. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, any other name for them? {NS} Would you ever call 'em green beans or snap beans? 100: Oh yeah. Interviewer : What? 100: Green bean. Interviewer : Would you call 'em snap beans? {NS} No. Okay uh then the tops of turnips would be, if you cooked them? Or it could be the could be mustard or it could be um um, there are others too. Interviewer : You say you're making a mess of 100: Greens. Interviewer : Mm-hmm okay. Um you mentioned heads of lettuce would you ever say if you had a big family that you had so many heads of children? Did you ever hear that? {NS} Suppose they did have a lot of children like fourteen in one family you'd say he sure has a whole- 100: Bunch of children. Interviewer : Okay. Would you ever say passel? {NS} Did you ever hear that word? Mm-mm. And then the outside part of an ear of corn is called the- {NS} 100: Shell. uh shilling. Interviewer : Uh husk or shuck. 100: Shuck. Interviewer : Okay. What would you call the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 100: Fresh corn. {NS} Interviewer : Mm-kay. Did you ever hear of roasting ear? Yeah that's funny because I d- I don't know that term myself and I'm, I think it may just be because we're from the city. People out in the country know that. Uh then this, the thing at the top of the cornstalk is the what? It's the thing on a graduation cap too. Interviewer : Starts with a T. Interviewer : Uh tassel or tassel? 100: Yeah tassel. {NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh the stuff that you have to brush off the corn? 100: Hair. Interviewer : Stringy stuff? 100: Hair. {NS} Interviewer : Would you ever call it silk? #1 Corn silk? # 100: #2 Yeah silk. # Interviewer : Okay. Then the large oh. The fruit that's associated with Halloween, that's a 100: Pumpkin. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh a yellow, crookneck thing is a? 100: It's a vegetable? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. It's got a crooked neck. It's yellow. The different kinds #1 of, mm-hmm. # 100: #2 Squash. # Interviewer : That's it. Uh then how about types of melons? 100: Watermelon, Interviewer : #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 honeydew melon # Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Cantaloupe. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Are there different kinds of watermelon? 100: Not that I know of. Interviewer : Did you ever see a kind with yellow meat? 100: Yellow meat melon, yeah. Interviewer : I've never seen one of those. 100: That what I, that what I call honeydew melon. Interviewer : Oh, I see. That's not the same as a watermelon then. 100: No. Interviewer : Okay. Then how about that little um shi- thing that's shaped like an umbrella that grows up in the woods? 100: Mushroom. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Can you eat those? 100: Some of 'em. Interviewer : What do you call the kind that you can't eat. 100: Toadstool. Interviewer : Alright and you might say don't eat those because they might be 100: Poison. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh then the things that people smoke are 100: Cigarettes. Interviewer : And then the big brown ones are 100: #1 Cigars. # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # A- um, hmm.{NW} If uh somebody ask you if you were, about a certain job, and if you were able to do it you would say sure, I 100: Can do the job. Interviewer : But if you were not able you'd say no I 100: I can't do the job. {NS} Interviewer : And if they ask you if you were willing to do the job you would say no I 100: Can't do the #1 job. # Interviewer : #2 No you, # #1 you can't # 100: #2 Will not # do the job. Interviewer : What's another way of saying will not. I no matter how many times you ask me I 100: Won't do the #1 job. # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. {NS} Uh mm, and if uh, somebody offered to do you a favor but you didn't want him to because then you thought you that uh you might have to do him a favor, you'd say no thank-you I don't wanna be 100: {D: Bought} Helped. Interviewer : Because I don't wanna be blank to you. 100: Owing you. Interviewer : Would you ever say obligated or beholden? {NS} Mm-kay. Um If uh the corn if you were a farmer you might look at the corn and say th- it's not as tall as it blank be. As it 100: Looks. Interviewer : Well it blank to be taller. It 100: Should be taller. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. that's good. And um {NS} if {NS} one little boy was daring another he says I dare you to go to the graveyard at night but I bet you Interviewer : I dare you to go but I bet you Interviewer : Any sort of negative of dare would you say {D: darrowed or dassent} or anything like that? Okay. Um again talking about a word that's a means kind of the same thing as should. You say I bet he did something he #1 have {X}. # 100: #2 Did. # 100: What'd you say? Interviewer : It means the same thing as should, he- I bet he did something he blank #1 have done. # 100: #2 Should've done. # Interviewer : Or not. He 100: Shouldn't, shouldn't have done. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. How about ought. Do you ever say that, he oughtn't to or ought not to? Okay. Uh then if uh you done something that was hard work all by yourself and you could've used help you, might say to a friend after you finished, well you 100: Coulda helped me. Interviewer : Yeah. {NS} And um {NS} suggesting the possibility of something you might say um If it quits raining by Thursday I blank do that. 100: I'll do that? Interviewer : I, the, it's possible, I 100: Will finish the job. Interviewer : I don't know if I will but I 100: Might. Interviewer : Mm-hmm that's the word. Then what is the kind of bird with big eyes that can see in the dark? 100: Owl. Interviewer : Do you know any different kinds of owls? 100: Uh {X} they call it a hawk but some kinda hawk {X} Interviewer : Do you know a big owl that um has a very deep voice? How about a little bitty owl with a very high, shrill voice? 100: I just know 'em {D:names are} Interviewer : Mm-kay well I don't think there're many owls in the city so think there wouldn't be a problem. Uh what's the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 100: Woodpecker. Interviewer : Do you know another name for him? Did you ever call him a peckerwood? Did you ever hear the word peckerwood? What is a peckerwood? 100: I guess it's the same thing. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a person called a peckerwood? Mm-mm. Okay how about uh a great big woodpecker. Did you ever see one that was about as big as a chicken? {NS} Okay. How about the kind of animal that's black and white and smells bad? 100: Skunk. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh what would you call the the kinds of animals that were were pests? It's another word for pests. All the animals that might get your chickens, you might say I'm gonna get my gun and shoot #1 those # 100: #2 Weasels. # Interviewer : Well meaning all k- different kinds of animals. I'm gonna shoot those 100: ro- rodents. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you know the word varmint? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : How would, how do you say that? 100: Varmint. Interviewer : Okay does that mean animals or people? 100: Animals I guess. Interviewer : Could it mean people? 100: If you really wanted it to. Interviewer : What ki- what would the people be if they were varmints? 100: Talk too much {X} {X} Interviewer : Okay. Uh then the, the little bushy tailed animal that runs around the trees is a? 100: Squirrel. Interviewer : What color is that? 100: Brown. Interviewer : Did you ever see any that were any other color? 100: A gray squirrel. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Okay, which one's bigger? 100: A gray one's big. Interviewer : Bigger then the brown one? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Okay. What's the little animal, I think it's in the same family, that runs along the ground? It doesn't have a bushy tail. 100: Oh a woodchuck? Uh. Interviewer : It's got stripes on it's back? 100: Um {NW} Wi- I know what you're talking about. Interviewer : Chip- 100: Chipm- chipmunk. Interviewer : Mm-kay mm-hmm. Uh and what kind, do you do you fish ever? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : What kinds of fish do you get around here? 100: Moll- not mollusk uh mussels what's it called? Guppie. Little bitty fish. Unless you go way out {D: you get cod} and uh catfish. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. 100: {D: about most} Interviewer : Mm-kay what kind of snakes do you know about? 100: Rattle snake. Green snake. I don't seen grass snakes in a while That's about the only kind I know. Cobra. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Python. Interviewer : Well, those you don't have around here do you? Mm-kay. Uh ha- what is the uh thing that pearls grow in? 100: Uh oyster. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {X} And there's another kind of sea food that's pink and kind of curled around with a tail that you often eat fried. Interviewer : It's like that. 100: Shrimp. Interviewer : Mm-hmm that's it. Uh and you might, if you had several of those you'd say I have several 100: Shrimp. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then the animal that croaks is a 100: Frog. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What do you call the great big one? 100: Bullfrog. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. How about the uh little tiny one that might live in the trees? 100: Little frog. {D: I guess} {NS} Interviewer : I don't know if they have those here. I've seen 'em in Tennessee. 100: I seen 'em {X} I went to camp one time I seen 'em. Interviewer : Mm where was the camp? 100: In in Lovejoy, Georgia. Interviewer : Mm-hmm yeah I've heard of that. Uh Now that's south of here though isn't it, Lovejoy? That's 100: #1 I saw a l- # Interviewer : #2 {D: Mm} # 100: {X} Interviewer : Mm but, do you know what to call 'em? Mm-kay. What is the kind of it's a kind of frog that lives in on the ground. They say it gives you warts. 100: {X} Interviewer : Would you call that a toad? 100: Oh yeah toad. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NS} Uh then what do you use for bate when you're fishing? 100: Worms. Interviewer : What kind? 100: Big one. Interviewer : Do you know any, any different kinds of worms? Alright. And then the animal with a hard shell that can pull in its head and legs? 100: Turtle. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh what would you call one that lived on dry land? 100: Turtle. Interviewer : Would you ever call it a tortoise or a terrapin or a gopher or a cooter? 100: Terrapin I guess. Interviewer : Okay. Any of the others? Does gopher mean anything to you? 100: It's a something that dig in the ground. Interviewer : #1 Is it a # 100: #2 Uh # Interviewer : turtle? 100: Naw. Interviewer : It- i- wh- is it a furry animal? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Okay. Uh that yeah that's what I mean too. But they're, in south Georgia they call it land turtle or gopher. Really they do, and also in Mississippi and Alabama. What would you call something that looks like a lobster but it's fresh water it's a little thing. And it swims away backwards if you 100: #1 Clam. # Interviewer : #2 {D: are} # No um it's more like a lobster then a 100: #1 Clam. # Interviewer : #2 Clam. # It's craw or {D: creu-} 100: Crawdad. Interviewer : Okay. Good. And then the thing that, an insect that flies around around a light it might try to fla- {NS} to fly into the light is a? 100: Moth. Interviewer : Alright h- and if you had several of those you had a bunch of 100: Moths. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh the thing with the light in its tail? 100: Uh lightning bug. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And a long, thin bodied insect that has two pairs of wings and uh they say it eats mosquitoes I don't know if that's true. 100: Dragonfly. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. You know another name for that? Did you ever hear of a snake doctor or a mosquito hawk? 100: Snake doctor. Interviewer : Is that the same? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Okay. What are some insects that sting? 100: Mosquito. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Bees. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And there's one that starts with an H that's supposed to be really bad. 100: Hornets. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh one that starts with a W. 100: Wasp. Interviewer : And if you had a lot of those you'd there're several 100: Wasps. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And uh the Georgia Tech football mascot is 100: Yellow jacket. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then there's a kind ah I think it's in the wasp family but it makes holes in the ground? It's a dirt something. Dirt dauber, mud dauber? Heard dirt dauber, I ain't 100: #1 {X} # Interviewer : #2 Do they sting? # 100: I ain't never seen them before. Interviewer : Mm. I don't think I've ever seen 'em I don't know what they are if I saw one. And then there's a little tiny insect that'll bite you if you um walk in the grass. It'll get under your skin. 100: Tick. Interviewer : It's not exactly #1 the same thing # Interviewer : #2 Flea. # as a tick I think they're red. And they raise welts in your skin. Red bug or chigger? 100: Chigger. Interviewer : Okay. And then the animal that hops in the grass is a? #1 I mean # 100: #2 Grasshopper. # Interviewer : Yeah. I should have said the, the bug. Ah did you ever call that a hoppergrass? How do you say that? 100: Hoppergrass. Interviewer : Do you say that sometimes? Okay. And how about a small fish that might have been used for bait? Interviewer : I wish people would stop using that pencil sharpener. Do you know the minnow? No. Um and what do spiders make? 100: Webs. Interviewer : Would you call it web whether it was inside or outside? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Any difference? 100: No. Interviewer : Okay. And then the part of a tree that's under the ground would be its? 100: Roots. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh do you know of anything that's made from roots? Any kind of folk medicine? Alright. Do you know the kind of tree that you get syrup from? Interviewer : Okay. Uh now this is a kind of tree I'm not sure that I know what it is so I'll just read what the description is. It's got broad leaves which are shed all at one time with bark that peels and it has little knobs or balls with tough wood. 100: Oak. Interviewer : No. Um its the tree, I don't know how much you know about Bible stories but it's the tree that Zacchaeus climbed in the Bible to see Jesus. And I don't even know if they have 'em in this part of the city. It's called sy- 100: Sycamore. Interviewer : Mm-hmm do you have those anywhere around? 100: Not that I know of. Interviewer : I don't know what they look like. What are some common trees around your neighborhood? 100: Oak. That's probably {D: all of them, and some} couple of dogwood tree. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Okay. What is the tree that George Washington cut down? 100: Cherry tree. Interviewer : Okay. And a, a shrub that has red leaves and uh has berries. The leaves turn red in the fall. Some people say it's poison. Um usually grows along by the roadside this is something else I don't think I've ever seen. 100: Oak tree? Interviewer : It's a bush. Some people say sumac some people say shoemake or sumac. You never heard of it? Kay, I've heard of it but I don't think I've seen it. Oh what are some kinds of bushes or vines that make your skin break out? 100: Uh poison ivy, poison oak. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And what are some kinds of berries? 100: Um- #1 {D: I don't know.} # Interviewer : #2 {X} # #1 Well how about red # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer : Well how about red berries? I don't mean that make your skin break out but I just mean berries that you eat. 100: Oh. Uh blackberries, blueberries, Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: mm Interviewer : What are the ones you put on shortcake, red ones? 100: Strawberry. Interviewer : Mm-kay. There's another kind that's red. They're, they look like blackberries. Starts with an R. 100: Raspberry. Interviewer : Mm-hmm.{NS} And uh you probably have not seen these because they grow in the mountains but it's a tall bush with clusters of pink and white flowers? Did you ever hear of laurel or mountain laurel? Did you ever hear of rhododendron? How do you say that? 100: Rhododendron. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And how about a big tree, they do have these in Atlanta, great big thing that has a shiny leaves and big white flowers? Think it's the state flower of Mississippi. {NW} Mag- 100: Magnolia Interviewer : #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 tree? # Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And this is, these next ones are about family relations. A married woman might say I have to ask my 100: Husband. Interviewer : And he would say I have to ask my 100: Wife. Interviewer : Are there any joking names that a husband and wife might call each other? 100: Not that I know of. Interviewer : Mm-kay. Um. A woman who has lost her husband is a 100: Talking about a divorce? Interviewer : Well if he's dead. 100: Deceased. Interviewer : Well she is a 100: Oh. K- widow. Interviewer : Mm-kay. Do you have a name for it if she's divorced if her husband has left her? 100: Difo-, divo-, divorcee. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a grass-widow? Okay uh then the man whose son you are is your 100: Father. Interviewer : And his wife is your 100: Mother. Interviewer : What do you call your father? 100: Dad. Interviewer : Mm-kay what do you call your mother? 100: Mother. Interviewer : Okay and your father and mother together are your? 100: Parents. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And uh your father's father would be your 100: Grandfather. Interviewer : And your father's mother would be your 100: Grandmother. Interviewer : What do you call them? 100: Grandparent. Interviewer : No I mean e- what do you say when you're talking to 'em? 100: Granddad and grandmom. Interviewer : You call them both the same thing? Mm-kay. Uh then your sons and daughters would be your 100: Children. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: And uh, a name that a child is called by maybe just in the family that is not his real name it's his Play name. Interviewer : #1 Or what's another name # 100: #2 {NW} # Interviewer : or another word for that? 100: Nickname. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And um something that you could put a baby in and it would lie down it's got a top #1 and wheels. # 100: #2 Oh. # Interviewer : Y- 100: Carriage. Interviewer : Okay and you, if you put the baby in the carriage, you'd take him out and say I'm gonna do what to the baby? 100: Stroll the baby. Interviewer : Good. And uh your children would be your sons and your 100: Daughters. Interviewer : Or a boy and a 100: Girl. Interviewer : Or a man and a 100: Woman. Interviewer : Okay and what would you say about a woman who was going to have a baby, she's 100: Pregnant. Interviewer : Is there another way to say that? 100: Not that I know of. Interviewer : Any old-fashioned ways? {NS} Uh how about um what would you call uh the woman that you might send for if you didn't have a doctor? 100: Nurse. Interviewer : It's, it's an old-fashioned kind of thing. More out in the country I guess then in the city. {NS} Did you ever hear of a midwife? 100: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer : #2 Or a {X} # What would #1 you call # 100: #2 Mi- # Midwife. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then if a boy and his father had the same appearance you'd say the boy 100: Resemble his father. Interviewer : Mm-kay. Supposed they just acted the same you'd say the boy 100: Acts like his father. Interviewer : Okay. And if a mother had to take care of three children, and say the father died, all by herself, you say she had to what the children herself? 100: Raise the children herself. Interviewer : Good. And uh what would you say to a naughty child. You're gonna get a 100: Whooping. Interviewer : Anything else? 100: Spanking. Interviewer : Which is worse? 100: Whooping. Interviewer : Why is it worse? 100: It just sound worse. Interviewer : Okay. Uh lets see. If uh Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob 100: Grew five inches. Interviewer : And uh next year he will 100: Grow five Interviewer : #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 inches. # Interviewer : And he has 100: Grown five Interviewer : #1 Okay. # 100: #2 inches. # Interviewer : What would you cha- call a child that's born to an unmarried woman? #1 You know # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer : parents are not married then the child is a 100: Bitch. Interviewer : I think that's what the mother is. The child is a? Starts with a B. Bastard? Would you #1 use that? # 100: #2 Oh yeah. # Bastard. {NS} Interviewer : Okay. Uh then um, your brother's son would be your {NS} 100: Your u- your uh your nephew. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, okay and you'd be his you started to #1 say it. # 100: #2 Uncle. # Interviewer : Okay. Uh let's see and- Uh wa- child whose both, both his parents have died. He's a 100: Orphan. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh wha- the court might appoint somebody to look after him. That would be his? 100: Guardian. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Guardian. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then uh all the people that are related to you, you'd say this town is full of my 100: Relative. Interviewer : Would you ever say anything else? Like kin-folk or kin-people or{NS} Kay. And if somebody had the same family name as you and maybe looked a little like you you'd say no, he's no 100: Kin to me. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What would you call somebody who came into town that you'd never seen before? 100: A foreigner. Interviewer : Mm-kay. Um even if he's {NS} would you call him a foreigner if he's from say another state? 100: He's from outta state. Interviewer : He's a foreigner if he's out of state? 100: Naw I just say he's Interviewer : #1 Just out of state. # 100: #2 out of state. # Interviewer : What does foreigner mean then? 100: From out of the country. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then a, a name for a girl beginning with M? 100: M- Interviewer : Well the mother of Jesus is named 100: Mary. Interviewer : And George Washington's wife? 100: Mary. Uh, Martha? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Okay now there's, this one's harder to get, is a, it's a nickname for Helen beginning with an N. Nobody knows it's a nickname for Helen though and there's an old song that goes wait till the sun shines 100: Nelly? Interviewer : That's it. Yeah, have you heard that song? Hmm. 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Oh. That was a very good guess if you were just guessing. Okay well Jimmy Carter's brother is named? 100: Jimmy. Interviewer : His brother. 100: Jimmy? #1 Oh no. # Interviewer : #2 He's # 100: Billy? Interviewer : That's it. The one that {X} the one that can't keep his big mouth shut. Uh the four gospels were written by Mark, Luke and John and 100: Abraham? Interviewer : Starts with an M. 100: Mark. Interviewer : It's the first one of the gospels. Blank, Mark, Luke and John. Matth- 100: Matthew. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Um a woman who teaches school is a 100: Teacher. Interviewer : Mm-kay. Um Do you know the name of a novelist who wrote uh the Last of the Mohicans? His name is James Fenimor- Okay well his name is well if you ha- saw the name C {D: it's} o-o-p-e-r, how would you pronounce it? 100: The name? Interviewer : C-o-o-p-e-r. 100: Sycamore? Interviewer : Cooper or Cooper, which would you say? 100: Cooper. Interviewer : Okay. If there were a married woman and you didn't know her first name you would call her 100: Miss. Interviewer : Alright, her last name is Cooper so #1 call her # 100: #2 Oh. # Miss Cooper. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then do y- what would you call a carpenter who didn't really do a good job? He's not really trained, he's a? 100: Um, amateur. Interviewer : How about a preacher that didn't really have a regular pulpit. He just preached around different places? 100: Amateur. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a jackleg? Okay. Uh then my mother's sister would be what relation to me? 100: Your n- aunt. Interviewer : Okay. Uh the wife of Abraham in the Bible? Starts with an S. 100: Uh Sa- uh S- {NW} Interviewer : It's also a company that makes bakery products. Something Lee? 100: Sarah. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Uh then if your father had a brother named William you'd call him {NS} 100: Uncle William? Interviewer : Mm-hmm and if his brother was named John you'd call him 100: Uncle John. Interviewer : Mm-kay the highest rank in the army is? 100: The president? Interviewer : In the army. 100: Company commander. Interviewer : Uh the whole army. 100: Secretary of Interviewer : {D: He said} he's a five star what? 100: General. Interviewer : Okay and then uh the man that owns Kentucky Fried Chicken, he's? 100: A colonel. Interviewer : Okay and uh the man in charge of a boat is a 100: A admiral. Interviewer : Uh lower than an admiral. Just of one ship. I think the admiral is kind of in charge of the whole thing. It's an army rank I think. It's got general, colonel, major and then 100: {NW} Mm. Interviewer : Well the uh, uh the head of a football team is the 100: Coach. Interviewer : No the head uh player. 100: Captain. Interviewer : Okay that gets it. Uh then the man who presides over the court is a 100: Judge. Interviewer : And the man who argues in front of the judge is a 100: Lawyer. Interviewer : Okay and a person who goes to school is a 100: Student. Interviewer : Would you use the same word regardless of what age he is? Even if he's just a little child in grammar school? Mm-kay. And uh the, the person that works for a m- businessman and opens his mail and types his letters is his 100: Secretary. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} I think this tape's about to go. {NS} I've got another reel ready to go on. I'm also about to lose my voice. {NS} We haven't got much longer today anyway. {NW} Interviewer: Um, a woman who appears in plays or movies would be a 100: Actress. Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh and um, your nationality is 100: American. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and your race is 100: Black. {NS} Interviewer: Any other term for that? 100: Negro. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what are insulting terms for negros? 100: Nigger? Interviewer: Anything else? Interviewer: Okay, uh, my race is 100: White. Interviewer: Okay is there another term for that? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 100: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Marking which page I left off on. Uh is there something insulting that blacks would call whites? 100: Honky. Interviewer: Okay uh-huh. Anything else? Interviewer: {X} {NS} cracker, did you ever hear that 100: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 used as n- # Interviewer: How would they say that? 100: Cracker. Interviewer: Is that what blacks would say? What does it mean if you call somebody a cracker? 100: I don't know, I don't know how they would say it. I don't say it. Interviewer: How about redneck, what does that mean? Interviewer: Okay uh what would you call a child that was born of a mixed marriage? One parent's black and the other's white. 100: He's mixed. Interviewer: Anything else? Do you know the word mulatto? Um, whi- what would you call a black person that had very light skin? 100: Um- 100: Uh I know that. Interviewer: High- do you say high yellow? Mm-mm, some people do that. #1 Uh, is there terms # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer: like quadroon and octoroon? Ever hear those? 100: There's another one Interviewer: #1 Mm- # 100: #2 isn't there? # Interviewer: I don't know what it is you're trying to think of. Let me know if y- if you {NW} if you think of it. Uh, what would you call the man that you work for? 100: Boss. Interviewer: Mm-kay, um, what would you call white people that didn't have any education and didn't have any money and didn't really try to make anything better of themselves? 100: They're poor. Interviewer: Do you know the term poor white trash or trash or something like that? Okay. What would you call somebody that lived way out in the country and hardly ever came to town? 100: Country folk. Interviewer: Um, is there something you might say that was kind of insulting? Interviewer: Uh, suppose you came from the mountains. 100: Mountain people. Interviewer: Do you know um, anything like country hick or country hoosier? Interviewer: Mm-kay. S- if it's, it's not quite midnight but you might look at your watch and t- it's not quite midnight but it's 100: Almost. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you didn't quite fall, you'd say I slipped and I 100: Almost fell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if somebody was waiting for you and you were not quite ready he might say will you be ready soon and you say I'll be with you in 100: A minute. Interviewer: Alright. And you know you're on the right road but you're not sure of the distance and so you say how 100: Far am I. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. And if you wanted to know how many times somebody did something you'd say how blank does he do that? How 100: How many times does he do that. Interviewer: Another way of saying how many times. Starts with an "O", how 100: Often. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, if you were agreeing with somebody who says he was not gonna vote for somebody if he said I'm not gonna vote for Anderson and you would say well blank am I. 100: Neither am I. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh this is parts of the body. This part of your body is the 100: Head. Interviewer: What part of #1 your head? # 100: #2 Forehead. # Interviewer: Okay. And this stuff is your 100: Hair. Interviewer: And you might grow a 100: Beard. Interviewer: And this is your 100: Ear. Interviewer: Which one? Interviewer: It doesn't matter, the tape can't see which #1 one you say. # 100: #2 Oh. # {D: lu-} left ear. Interviewer: And the other is your 100: Right ear. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then this whole thing is your 100: Face. Interviewer: This, this thing. 100: Mouth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, you'd put a tie around your 100: Neck. Interviewer: And you might get something stuck in your 100: Throat. {NW} Interviewer: Uh does the word goozle mean anything to you? Okay. Uh the dentist would look at your 100: Teeth. Interviewer: And he says there's a cavity in one 100: Molar. Interviewer: or one- 100: Tooth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the flesh around the teeth would be the 100: Gum. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This part of your hand is the 100: Palm. Interviewer: And you make a 100: Fist. Interviewer: Or you have two 100: Fists. Interviewer: And any place you bend your wrist or your elbow or your knee, that's a 100: Joint. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh this part of a man's body would be his 100: Chest. Interviewer: And then he has broad 100: Shoulders. Interviewer: And um this is one 100: Hand. Interviewer: And two 100: Hands. Interviewer: And one 100: Foot. Interviewer: And two 100: Foot. Interviewer: Two what? 100: Foots. Feet. Interviewer: Okay and this whole thing would be your 100: Leg. Interviewer: And the front part of your leg that hurts if you kick it is your 100: Shin. Interviewer: Okay and if you get la- down like this you're down on your 100: Uh. Interviewer: It's- the back part of your leg is your what? 100: Thigh. Interviewer: Okay, uh would you ever sit down on your haunches or hunkers? So what would you call it when you get down like that? I'm gonna {NS} do what? 100: Squat. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then if somebody had been sick but he's up and about now you'd say he still looks a little bit {NS} 100: Sick or pale. Interviewer: Alright, would you ever say peaked? Okay. A person who can lift heavy weights, he's big and 100: Strong. Interviewer: Would you ever say he's stout to mean he's strong? Does stout, what does stout mean? 100: Uh, kinda big. Interviewer: Does it mean strong or fat or what? 100: Kinda fat. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would you call somebody who was very easy to get along with? He's very 100: Eas- Easy to get along with. {X} Interviewer: He's a what kind of person? He's a 100: Easy person. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what would you say about a boy who's maybe a teenager and he can't walk through a room without falling all over the furniture? #1 he- # 100: #2 Clumsy. # Interviewer: Alright. Uh then a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense, he's just a plain 100: Dope. Interviewer: Anything else? 100: Dumb. Interviewer: There's a word that starts with an "F", he's a Interviewer: Ends in an "L". {NS} 100: Flop? Interviewer: F-o-o-l? 100: Fool. Interviewer: Would you ever call anybody a fool? Is that a bad thing to say about somebody? Okay, um is there a special reason that you wouldn't use it? 100: My mama told me not to. {NS} Interviewer: Did she tell you why? 100: She just told me not to use that. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, what would you call somebody that won't spend any money? He's a 100: Stingy. Interviewer: And- alright. Uh, what uh if you used the word common about a person what would that mean? {NS} 100: {D: Common.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah he's common. 100: {D: Deuce} They're like a common person like any other person. Interviewer: Okay so it's something, is it good to say a person's common? 100: Sometimes. Interviewer: Suppose you said a girl was common. Would that mean something different? Alright. Uh, how about an old lady, that was still very active. She still gets around and does her own housework and so forth you say she's still very 100: Active. Interviewer: Anything else? Spry, pert, chipper? Mm-mm. Uh if the children were out later than usual, the man might say to his wife I don't guess there's anything to worry about but I can't help feeling a little bit 100: Upset. Interviewer: Or 'un- 100: Safe. Interviewer: Or #1 Uh # 100: #2 Uneasy. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm, that's it. And uh then she would say to him oh they'll be home alright don't 100: Worry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If uh, a child might say I don't wanna go upstairs in the dark, I'm 100: Scared. Okay and uh, the old gray mare, she ain't what she Used to been Interviewer: Alright, do you have a negative form of saying used to be? She is afraid now but she 100: Wasn't afraid {D: then} Interviewer: Using used to be. She is afraid but she 100: Used to used to be brave? Interviewer: Okay we'll let that pass. Uh somebody that left a lot of money lying around and then left the door unlocked you'd say he's awfully 100: Dumb. Interviewer: Or? 100: Foolish. Interviewer: Or if you ma-, if you made a lot of mistakes in your addition it's not that you don't know how to add, they're just what kind of mistakes? Just 100: Simple mistake. Interviewer: Or a word starting with a "C", they're car- 100: Careless. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, and you you might say there's nothing really wrong with that Lizzie, but sometimes she acts kind of 100: Foolish. {NW} Interviewer: There's a word beginning with a "Q". Interviewer: Queer? Would you ever use that to mean she acts kind of silly or crazy? {NW} {NS} {NW} What does that mean, queer? 100: Sissy Interviewer: Would it, does it mean a man or a woman or could it be either one? 100: Man. Interviewer: Does it mean homosexual? Mm-kay how do you say the word? 100: Queer. Interviewer: Okay. And it doesn't mean just strange? A lot of old people, when they say somebody's queer just means they're peculiar, it doesn't have anything to do with being homosexual. Okay, uh if a man is very sure of his own ways and he never wants to change you say to him don't be so Interviewer: There's nothing you can say will make him change his mind. He's what? 100: Mm- stubborn. Interviewer: Okay, good enough. And uh somebody you can't joke with without him losing his temper you'd say he sure is 100: Mad. Interviewer: Well he'd get mad, but then he'd be a what kind of person? Interviewer: Oh um touchy or short tempered or high tempered or 100: Short temper. Interviewer: Alright. And if he was about to get mad you'd tell him just keep 100: Down. Cool down. Interviewer: Or, or in, keep 100: #1 Keep calm. # Interviewer: #2 A- # Okay {NS} And um if you had been working very hard you would be very 100: Tired. Interviewer: Or even more than that you'd say I'm all 100: Tuckered out. Interviewer: Okay uh there's another way of saying that beginning with a "W"? I'm all 100: Weared out. Interviewer: Alright. And if a person had been well then you hear that all the sudden he's got a disease, you say well when did he 100: Get the disease. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if he starts to sneeze and cough you'd say he must've 100: Caught a cold. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um if it effected his voice the way this always does mine, so that it got very low you'd say he's getting 100: Laryngitis. Interviewer: Or it's a word starting with an "H". 100: Hoarse. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if he goes {NW} that's a 100: Cough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if he's feeling like he needs to sleep you'd say he's getting 100: Sleepy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And at six o'clock in the morning he will- meaning open his eyes, he'll 100: Wake up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and he's still sleeping you'd better go 100: Wake him up. Interviewer: Alright and the, if the medicine was still by somebody's bed you might say well why haven't you 100: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: And he'd say but I already 100: Have taken my medicine. Interviewer: Leaving out the have, yesterday I 100: Took my #1 medicine. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And I will 100: Take my #1 medicine. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And if you can't hear anything at all your stone 100: Deaf. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you went out in the hot sun and worked hard at the end of an hour you might come in and say look how much I- If your shirt's all wet, look how much I 100: Sweated. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um a discharging sore you might get on your arm that comes to a head is a 100: Wart. Interviewer: Mm, I think it's worse than a wart. I think they're really painful they get very big sometimes. 100: Mole? Interviewer: Starts with a "B"? 100: Blister. Interviewer: Boil? Do you know- Would you ever call it a, what's the other word for it? Good heavens, uh rising Do you know what s-, what the stuff would be inside that would drain out? 100: Puss. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh you mentioned blister. What is in a blister? 100: Puss. Interviewer: Okay, if a bee stung you then your hand would 100: Swell up. Interviewer: Okay so you'd say yesterday it 100: Swole up. Interviewer: And it has 100: Swell. Interviewer: Okay. And in a war if a bullet went through your arm you'd say you had a bullet 100: In your arm. Interviewer: A bullet something. The doctor would treat his 100: Shot, um. Interviewer: Um, another word for injury that starts with a "W". It's a bullet 100: Wound. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And did you ever hear of a kind of flesh that grows around a wound when it doesn't heal right? 100: Sk- scab. Interviewer: It's called proud flesh. Did you ever hear of that? Alright. Uh then how about a brown liquid that they used to put on cuts that stings? 100: Peroxide. Interviewer: Starts with an "I". 100: Iodine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how about s- um, a medicine that they used to give as a tonic for malaria? Starts with a "Q". It's the tonic in gin and tonic. Quinine or quinine? Never heard of it? {NS} Alright, if uh somebody was shot and didn't recover you'd say he 100: He taking a turn for the worst. Interviewer: And then finally he 100: Died. Interviewer: Okay. Is there another way of saying died? 100: Got killed. Interviewer: Is there maybe a n- a nice way of saying it? 100: He's deceased. Interviewer: Alright. Uh is there any kind of joking way of saying it? 100: Passed away. Interviewer: Would you ever say kick the bucket? Mm-mm? Um, and if he'd been dead and you didn't know the cause of his death, you say I don't know what he Interviewer: what he died 100: Of. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then the place where people are buried is a 100: Burial ground. Interviewer: Or 100: Graveyard. Interviewer: Alright and a box people are buried in is a 100: Coffin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um if people are wearing black you'd say they're in 100: Funeral clothes. Interviewer: Yeah and you'd say that they're 100: Going to a funeral. Interviewer: Okay, um, do you know the term mourning, they're in mourning? 100: Yeah I know it but I ain't know it for that. Interviewer: What does it mean? 100: When you cry or something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How do you say the word? 100: Mourning. Interviewer: Okay. Um, and then the man who takes care of the dead body is the 100: Uh Interviewer: Well if you can meditate on that until tomorrow I guess. {NS} Assuming that it's working today and it looks like it is. Uh the last thing that I asked you when the bell rang was what you'd call the person that takes care of the dead body before the funeral? 100: Uh. {NS} Interviewer: And send it to the funeral home and what do you call the man there? {NS} 100: In- embalmer uh. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you ever say a mortician #1 or undertaker? # 100: #2 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: or undertaker? 100: Yeah I knew, it was on the tip of my tongue but I couldn't get it #1 out. # Interviewer: #2 Which one? # 100: Undertaker. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and then what do you call the vehicle that carries the dead body? 100: #1 Hearse. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And do you have a name for the building above the ground where they sometimes put bodies instead of burying them in the ground? 100: {D: mausoleum} Interviewer: Okay that's good. I think that's all the ones about death but we still got some diseases coming up. Well if somebody met you on the street and said how are you and you're feeling about average, you'd say 100: I feel alright. Interviewer: Okay, good. And um, what i- do you call the disease at the joints that old people get sometimes? 100: Arthritis. Interviewer: Is there another name for that? 100: Bronchitis? Uh- Interviewer: I think bronchitis is when you cough. 100: Oh, uh Interviewer: Rheumatism? Is that #1 the same? # 100: #2 Yeah # rheumatism. Interviewer: Is it the same thing? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh there's a disease that children used to get but the get a shot for it now. You'd, they'd get sores inside the throat and choke. Interviewer: You've probably heard of it but don't know what it is. That's, that's the way I am about it. Interviewer: Starts out diph- Interviewer: diphtheria. Did you ever hear of that? Mm-kay. Then do you know what you call the disease that makes your skin turn yellow? Interviewer: Ever hear of yellow jaundice or janders? No? Okay, and then what i- what do you call the disease when you have your appendix taken out? 100: Appendicitis? Interviewer: Mm-hmm, that's it. And uh if you ate something that didn't agree with you- we shouldn't be doing this right before lunch- and it ha- came back up you'd say you had to what? 100: Vomit. Interviewer: Okay, do you know of any other ways of saying that? 100: Throw up. Interviewer: Okay, which, which of those is more polite? 100: Vomit. Interviewer: Okay. Um what's, do you know any really bad ways of saying it? 100: Throw up. Interviewer: Anything worse? Mm-kay, and if you do have to do that you say you're sick where? 100: In your stomach. Interviewer: Mm-kay good. Uh then let's see. Uh if a boy is spending a lot of time with a girl, you'd say he's doing what? Interviewer: He keeps going over to her house and they keep going out 100: They girlfriend boyfriend. Interviewer: Mm-hmm but what would you say he's doing? Interviewer: Would you ever use a word like courting #1 or # 100: #2 {D: oh} # Interviewer: That's an old fashion word. Would you just say dating maybe? 100: Yeah. Dating. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then if he came home with lipstick on his collar his little brother might say you've been 100: Kissing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if he asked her to marry him and she wouldn't do it you'd say she did what? 100: Refused. Interviewer: Alright. And uh, but if she didn't refuse, then they went ahead and got 100: Married. Interviewer: And what do you call the man that stands up with the groom at the wedding? 100: Best man. Interviewer: And how about the girl that stands up with the bride? 100: Bridesmaid. Interviewer: Alright. Did you ever hear of an old fashioned kind of noisy party after a wedding when they'd make a lot of noise and shoot of guns and march around the house? 100: Only think I can, only thing I can think of after a wedding's a recep- res- re- sesh- recession. Or something, reception. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear any of anything called the chivalry or serenade for a party after a wedding? That's an old country term. I don't think they do that anywhere in this area so, and I'm not surprised you haven't heard of it. Um how would, how do you use the words up and down and over when you're talking about going to places? Say you were going to um, what was, what was the camp that you mentioned, i- um it wasn't Zebulon was, no it was #1 uh # 100: #2 Camp # {D: Calvin} Interviewer: The, well anyway the, the place in Pike county, if you were going there you're saying I'm going what to Pike county? Would you say up or down or over? 100: {D: I'm going} up to Pike county. Interviewer: Alright, suppose you were going north, what would you say? 100: Going up to Pike county. Interviewer: If you're going south? 100: Going down. Interviewer: And if you're going east? 100: Going down I guess. Interviewer: How about west? 100: Going down. Interviewer: Okay, uh then suppose then you were just going to somebody's house that lived maybe a few blocks away you'd say I'm going 100: Over. Interviewer: Okay. And uh then if the police, if there were trouble at a party and the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two people they arrested the 100: Whole bunch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, what do you call it when people get up and move around to music? 100: Dance. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh then, if school gets out at uh, well if s- at three fifteen, you'd say school does what 100: End. Ended. Interviewer: Alright and then in the, in the fall you might ask your parents well when does school 100: Start. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh if you've left home to go to school and sort of didn't show up y- what would you say you did? 100: Play hooky. Interviewer: Is there any other way of saying that? 100: Stayed out of school. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Some # people say shoot hooky, did you ever hear that? Shoot the hook? I've heard that. Uh then let's see go to school to get an 100: What'd you say now? Interviewer: You go to school to get an 100: Diploma. Interviewer: #1 Well, # 100: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: you, you call #1 all # 100: #2 Education. # Interviewer: Yeah, all that knowledge you're supposed to get in school. And tha- the after kindergarten, you go into 100: First #1 grade. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And um in school you sit behind a 100: Desk. Interviewer: And then they're a lot of 100: Desks. Interviewer: in the room. Mm-hmm. And the building well this, this room is called the the whole thing is 100: School. Interviewer: This room. 100: Library. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh you in a strange town you stay over night in a 100: Room. A hotel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh you would go to see a movie at a 100: Theater. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh you would catch a train at the 100: Train station. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. And do you have a name for a place in the city, it might be around a courthouse where there are a lot of, there's a green space and maybe some trees? 100: Lawn. Interviewer: Okay, good. And what would you call it if you an- instead of {NS} crossing the street strait you sort of cross at an angle, you'd say I'm walking 100: Diagonal. Interviewer: Alright. Uh suppose there a piece, there's a piece of furniture that there's not one in here but was not sitting right against the wall but was sitting kind of at an angle in the corner, how would you say it's sitting? 100: Diagonal. Interviewer: Would you ever say kitty corner or catty corner? Catty-wampus? Okay. Um, and uh th- what do they call those things that use, years ago use to run on tracks? Interviewer: Instead of buses? 100: Um. Interviewer: {NS} They're trollies or trolley cars or #1 street # 100: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: cars. 100: Trolley car. Interviewer: Alright. And uh you might say to the bus driver the next corner is where I 100: Want to get off. Interviewer: Good. And um, uh, the uh, the congress and the supreme court and all that are part of the federal 100: Government. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the police are supposed to maintain 100: Justice. Interviewer: Uh there's, there's a two word phrase, something and something. Interviewer: Or as a good citizen you're suppose to obey the 100: Law. Interviewer: Okay so police maintain law and 100: Order. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, would you say those together? 100: Law and order. Interviewer: Good. And what do you call that war uh from eighteen sixty one to eighteen sixty five where the slaves were freed? Between the North and the south? 100: Uh, Civil War. Interviewer: Do you have any other name for that? Do you ever say war between the states? Okay, and uh, before they had the electric chair, murderers were 100: Hanged. Interviewer: And uh, the man went out and did what to himself? 100: #1 Shot himself? # Interviewer: #2 W- # using the rope he 100: Hung himself. Interviewer: Okay, and the next little bit is some names of cities and states. This is not a geography test, but it's just to see how you pronounce them. Um, the s- the biggest city in the country is in what state? 100: {NS} Illinois. Interviewer: What is the biggest city? 100: Chicago. Interviewer: Is it? I don't think it is but it, it might be now, I don't know. But do you know what state Albany is the capital of? 100: New York. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Well if you know the capitals we'll get it that way. Annapolis is the capital of 100: {D: Annapolis} Interviewer: Annapolis. Annapolis. Baltimore is in the state too. 100: Maryland. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, Richmond is the capital of Interviewer: The state Robert E. Lee is from. It's a southern state. 100: Alabama. Interviewer: No, uh that is one that's coming up later. Let's see 100: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 It's # further north than Alabama. Um, I'm trying to think, you talk about hams from there or peanuts from there. Starts with a "V". 100: M- uh Virginia. Interviewer: Okay. And then uh Raleigh is the capital of 100: North Carolina. Interviewer: And the other Carolina is 100: South Carolina. Interviewer: And um, Tallahassee is the capital of 100: {NS: Tallahassee} uh, Florida. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and Baton Rough is the capital of 100: Alabama. #1 Or Louisiana. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-mm. # That's it and uh the blue grass state, do you know that one? 100: Kentucky. Interviewer: And um, Little Rock? 100: Arkansas. Interviewer: And Jackson is the capital of 100: Alabama? Interviewer: It's the state that's just west of Alabama. 100: Mississippi. Interviewer: That's it and the Lone Star state? Interviewer: The big one in the west. 100: Texas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh Tulsa is in 100: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and Boston is in 100: Massachusetts. Interviewer: And what would you call all those states from Maine to Connecticut? 100: New England. Interviewer: That's it. And the biggest city in Maryland is 100: Baltimore. Interviewer: And the capital of this country, the whole country is 100: Washington D.C. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh biggest city in Missouri, Saint- 100: Saint Louis. Interviewer: That's it. And uh the historical seaport in South Carolina 100: Hmm. Interviewer: Starts with a C- 100: Charleston. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, can you name the three biggest cities in Alabama? 100: Birmingham, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: um, Interviewer: One of them's the capital. Both of them start with "M". 100: Montgomery. Interviewer: Yeah that's the cap- -ital {NS} 100: And um Interviewer: The other one's on the gulf. Interviewer: It sounds like the name of an oil company but it isn't quite. Interviewer: Mo- 100: Mobile. Interviewer: #1 That's the n- # 100: #2 Mobile. # Mobile. #1 Mobile. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. Uh let's see and do you know the name of the resort city in western North Carolina? 100: Uh, Atlantic City? Interviewer: Starts with uh, with A-S-H- Interviewer: I don't think it's as well known as these others. Asheville, do you know anything about it? I don't really. Um, can you name the four biggest cities in Tennessee? 100: Nashville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 One # 100: #2 Chatta- # Chattanooga. Interviewer: That's one, mm-hmm. Interviewer: There's one that starts with a K-N- Interviewer: Knoxville? 100: Oh Knoxville. Interviewer: Alright and then there's on that starts with an "M". That's where Elvis Presley was born I think. Interviewer: I think. Interviewer: It's where Martin Luther King was shot. 100: Um, Montg- {X} Interviewer: Mem- 100: Memphis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, the city in Georgia that's on the coast, starts with an "S"? 100: Savannah. Interviewer: And um, let's see you said Macon because that was were your mother was born. How about a city, the city that's near Fort Benning? It's near the Alabama line? Interviewer: It's the same name as the man that discovered America. 100: Columbus. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh the biggest city in southern Ohio where the Reds play? 100: Uh Cincinnati. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um the biggest city in Kentucky where the derby is run. 100: Kentucky Derby. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, what's the name of the city? 100: Louisiana. Interviewer: That's close. Loui- 100: Louisville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then the three foreign countries, Dublin is the capital of 100: Ireland. Interviewer: Paris 100: France. Interviewer: And Moscow 100: Russia. Interviewer: Okay. And uh this is just to get a, a word for distance. Say from here to Decatur is about how far? 100: About Interviewer: Just guess. 100: Thirty mile. Interviewer: Okay. I don't think it's that far, is it? I would have guessed about ten, I think if I were guessing. Well if somebody ask if you w- if you were going to go with him and you weren't sure you wanted to you would say well I don't know 100: If I want to go. Interviewer: Good. And uh if you were asked to go somewhere without your brother and you wanted him to go along you might say well I won't go blank he goes. 100: I won't go but he'll go. Interviewer: Well you want to go together though. I won't go blank he goes too. 100: I won't go if he don't go. If he l- don't want, if he doesn't go. Interviewer: Well maybe that will turn up in another s- another context. Uh let's see, if somebody- if say your brother went off without helping you you might say well why did you do that blank helping me? 100: Why did you leave without helping me. Interviewer: Okay. Um, and if a man is funny and you like him and I said why do you like him you'd say I like him 100: Because he's funny. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if, people become members of a church you'd say they did what? 100: Joined the congregation. Interviewer: #1 Good. # 100: #2 Congregation # Interviewer: And in church you worship 100: God. Interviewer: And um, the minister preaches a 100: Sermon. Interviewer: And the organ and the choir provide the 100: The music. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if it's very good music you'd say oh that music was just 100: Wonderful. Interviewer: Or 100: Beautiful. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you had a flat tire on the way to church you might say well church will be over blank I get there. 100: What'd you say now? Interviewer: You had a flat tire and so you're gonna be late. You say well church will be over 100: When I get there. Interviewer: Okay. And the enemy of God is the 100: Devil. Interviewer: And do you have any other names for him? 100: Satan. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I- what might you tell children was gonna get 'em if they weren't good? 100: Satan. Interviewer: Anything else? 100: Devil. Interviewer: Do you ever say boogey man or booger man? No, okay. Um, and then what do people think they see at night in a grave yard to frighten them? 100: Corpse. Interviewer: Or the things with the, in white that float #1 around. # 100: #2 angel. # Interviewer: Hmm? 100: Angels. Interviewer: Um, I think they're more dead people then they are angels. You know on, on Halloween they wear sheets with #1 the whole that's # 100: #2 Oh ghosts. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh a house where ghosts live would be a what? 100: Ghost house. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um is there another way of saying that? 100: Haunted house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, if you um, uh I, I might say I'll go if you insist but I blank stay here. 100: I go with you if you insist but I would rather stay here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, fine. And what would you say to a friend that you hadn't seen in a long time? 100: How've you been? Interviewer: Kay and uh then if you, if a man owned say some really big amount of land, a thousand acres or something you'd say gee that's a so- a what of land? 100: That's a lot of land. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh {NS} what would you say, maybe to a teacher or to the principal if you really wanted to be polite? Instead of just saying yes you might say 100: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Mm-kay or 100: Yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh then it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was 100: Freezing. Interviewer: Or something cold. It was 100: Real cold. Interviewer: Good. And what would you, what might you say if you hit your finger with a hammer? 100: Ouch. Interviewer: What might you say that's worse than that? 100: That hurts. Interviewer: What's the worst thing you'd say? Interviewer: I'm looking for a good cuss word there. 100: Uh probably damn, something like that. Interviewer: Okay. Suppose you were just surprised about something what might you say? 100: God Interviewer: Alright suppose you were just a little bit mad at yourself about something, what might you say? 100: Darn. Interviewer: Okay good. And um if you really didn't know about something you might say I have no 100: No idea. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh to s- to ask about somebody's health as a greeting you might say 100: How you, how've you been doing. Interviewer: Alright and uh when you're introduced to s- to a stranger you might say 100: How are you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh what would you say to somebody on the twenty-fifth of December? 100: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Is there anything else you might say? Maybe the first thing on Christmas morning? 100: Good morning? Interviewer: Do you ever say Christmas gift? Does anybody in your family say that? Some people say that just as a greeting they don't really mean they want a present. What would you say on the first of January? 100: Happy New Years. Interviewer: Okay um and i- you would, might say I have to go downtown tomorrow to do some 100: Shopping. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if you bought something the storekeeper might take a piece of paper and 100: Wrap it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and then when you got home you 100: Unwrap it. Interviewer: Okay. And if he had to sell it for less than he paid for it he'd be selling it at a 100: Bargain. Interviewer: Alright uh there's another way you might- It, it's a bargain to you but for him it's a 100: Whole sale? Interviewer: L-O-S-S how do you say that? He sold it #1 {D: at a} # 100: #2 Loss. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you saw something that you really liked but you didn't have enough money, you'd say I'd really like to have that car but it 100: Cost too #1 much. # Interviewer: #2 Good. # And on the first of the month the bill is 100: rent Uh- Interviewer: Meaning you have to pay it, it's Or um in school you might say next week my paper is 100: Due. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh if you belong to a club you have to pay {NS} 100: Dues. Interviewer: And if you had no money you'd have to go to a bank and try to 100: Get a loan. Interviewer: And then you'd say I'm going to blank some money. 100: Owe some money. Get some money. Interviewer: A word beginning with a "B" meaning what you do 100: Buy some- Uh {NW} Interviewer: I don't think you buy money, I'd never 100: #1 {D: Yeah} # Interviewer: #2 {D: know} # Well you can if you're buying currency from another country, that's buying money. But if you go to a, if you get a loan you say you're going to do what? Bar- 100: Borrow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if the bankers were refusing you, he said well I'm sorry but money is 100: Mm too short? #1 I don't have enough? # Interviewer: #2 Okay um # {NW} {NS} Or there's an old expression blank as hen's teeth did you ever hear that? 100: No. Interviewer: I wouldn't, I'd think that one's before your time. Or if there there used to be a lot of fish in a certain creek and they're not any more you say the fish are really getting {NS} 100: Shallow. None. Interviewer: How about scarce, do you know #1 that word? # 100: #2 Yeah scarce. # Interviewer: Okay. And if you might go to the spring board and blank in the water. 100: Dive. Interviewer: Alright yesterday he 100: Dove. {NS} Interviewer: And he has 100: Dived. Interviewer: Okay and if you dived in and you landed flat and it hurt, that's a what? 100: Belly bust. Interviewer: Good, and if you um you got down on the ground you put your head down and rolled over that's a 100: Flip. Interviewer: E- okay um do you know the word uh summerset or somersault or tumbleset or anything like that? 100: Tumble. Interviewer: #1 Is that # 100: #2 Uh # Uh a somersault. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a flip? 100: That's- you do it on your hand {NS} Interviewer: #1 Oh your # 100: #2 Somersault. # Interviewer: A somersault, a flip is {NS} that when you're down on the ground? 100: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 100: #2 {D: something like that} # {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm, I see. Alright if uh you wanted to get across the river you would dive in and 100: Swim. Interviewer: And yesterday he 100: Swam. Interviewer: And he has 100: Swam. Interviewer: And if he didn't know how to swim he might 100: Drown. Interviewer: And yesterday he 100: Drown. Interviewer: And he has 100: Drown. Interviewer: Okay, uh {NS} there used to be an old custom I don't really think they do it in Atlanta but when you buy something or you payed your bill, the storekeeper might give you a little something extra and he'd say that's for 100: Good luck. Uh Shopping in. Interviewer: Well he'd say this, here's a little 100: Token. Interviewer: Okay, you did you ever hear the word lagniappe? I wouldn't think so. That's in Louisiana where they say that. Uh what does a baby do before it can walk? 100: Crawl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh if you saw something up a tree and you wanted to get a close look you'd have to 100: Climb. Interviewer: So yesterday you 100: Climb. Interviewer: And you have 100: Climbed. Interviewer: Okay. And um in church you might go up to the alter and you kne- 100: Kneel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, so in the past she 100: Kneeled. Interviewer: Mm-kay and if you were really tired you might say I'm going to go over to the sofa and 100: Lie down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh he was really sick he couldn't sit up he just blank in bed all day 100: Slept. Well it's another, another way Interviewer: #1 of saying # 100: #2 Laid in # bed. Interviewer: Kay, good that's it. And what you see in your sleep you'd say last night I 100: Dream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh tomorrow I will 100: Dream. Interviewer: But I forgot what I have 100: Dreamt of. Interviewer: Okay good. And uh if you do dreamed you were falling then all of a sudden you might say all of a sudden I 100: Woke up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you bring your foot down really heavy on the floor you'd do what? 100: Stomp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you met a girl at a party and you wanted to go home with her you might say to her may I 100: Walk you home. Interviewer: Suppose it's in a car? 100: Drive you home. Interviewer: Okay. And to get a boat up on land you would 100: Pull it. Interviewer: Or if a car was stuck you'd get behind and 100: Push. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh if you carried a very heavy bag or something you might say I had to 100: Tote the bag. Interviewer: Good. And if there were some children and they were getting to close to the hot stove, the mother might say don't 100: Touch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you needed a hammer and it was in the other room you might say to me go 100: Get the hammer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh and then when you're playing tag or something what would you call the tree or whatever you'd run to to be safe? {NS} 100: The uh base. Interviewer: Mm-kay good. And you might throw a ball and ask somebody to 100: Catch it. Interviewer: So you threw it and he 100: Caught it. Interviewer: And he has 100: Caught it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh I might say let's meet in town. If I get there first I'll 100: Look for you. Interviewer: Alright or I'll wait 100: Wait for you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh if a mother was about to punish the child he might say just give me one more 100: Chance. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if somebody was always laughing at jokes you'd say he's got a good sense of 100: Humor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if um you had termites or something you'd you would say I'm gonna have to call the exterminator to get 100: The is- the insects, the uh termites out of the house. Interviewer: Or uh another way of saying that, I've got to get blank of these termites. 100: Gotta get rid of the #1 termite. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # good. And uh if somebody stole your pencil what's, what might be a slang way of saying that, you might ask who 100: Stole my pencil. Interviewer: Any other way of saying it other than stole? 100: Who swiped my pencil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, good. And you might say I had forgotten about that but now I 100: Remember. Interviewer: Or if you didn't you might say I'm sorry I 100: Forgot. Interviewer: Or using remember I 100: Didn't remember. Interviewer: Alright and um you might say I have just blank him a letter. 100: Wrote him a letter. Interviewer: And uh yesterday he blank me a letter. 100: Written me a le- written me a letter. Interviewer: And tomorrow I will 100: Write him a letter. Interviewer: Okay and I expect to receive an 100: Answer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh when you put the letter in the envelope and the you take out your pen you do what? 100: Take out the #1 envelope? # Interviewer: #2 When you # write on the envelope you 100: Write an address. Interviewer: Okay well what do you say you're doing? You blank the letter. 100: Write in the letter. Interviewer: Would you say address the letter or address the letter or would you ever say something like back the letter, which old people say. 100: Address the letter. Interviewer: Okay uh then if a little boy had learned something new, he learned to whistle say um, and you wanted to know where he learned it, you might say well who 100: Taught you that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh what would you call somebody who, uh a little boy who goes and tells everything that somebody else has done? 100: Uh tattle tale. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you wanted a bouquet for the dinner table you might go out and 100: Buy one. Interviewer: Well if you go out in the garden you've got things blooming out there so you 100: Pull up. Pick tho- Pick 'em? Interviewer: Pick what? 100: The roses or flowers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm good and something a child might play with? 100: Toy. Interviewer: Would you ever call that a play pretty? Did you ever hear anybody say that? I don't think I ever did. Uh and if something had happened that you ha- you were sure was going to happen you might say I just blank that was gonna happen. 100: I just knew that was going to happen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay now we got a whole bunch more verbs here but then we'll get these over with in a minute. Um that uh at Christmas time you would blank somebody a present. 100: {D: Is that} {NS} buy somebody a present? Interviewer: And then you would blank it to them. 100: Give it to 'em. Interviewer: And he, in the past he 100: Gave it to him. Interviewer: And he has 100: Given it to him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you might say I'm glad I carried my umbrella. We hadn't gone half a block before it blank to rain. 100: Started to rain. Interviewer: There's another word that means the same thing that starts with a "B". 100: Start to pour? Interviewer: Means the same thing as start. 100: Begin. Uh began to rain. Interviewer: Okay it began to rain in the past and tomorrow it will 100: Begin to rain. Interviewer: And it has 100: Began to rain. Interviewer: Okay and um, uh why are you out of breath I was feeling so happy I blank all the way home. 100: I r- {NS} la- laughed all the way home. Interviewer: I think you were right the first time. 100: I ran #1 all the way. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # and I will 100: Run. Interviewer: And I have 100: Ran. Interviewer: Okay and um if you didn't know where somebody was born you might say well where does he blank from? 100: Where does he where did he where wh- where did he come from. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you would say he blank in on the train. 100: He came fr- in on the train. Interviewer: And he has 100: Came in on Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} If I don't choke you might say what do you do with your eyes, you 100: See. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and then yesterday I 100: Saw. Interviewer: And I have 100: Seen. Interviewer: Okay and um if I we're talking about being able to do something, I might say can you blank that? 100: Can you do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you say yes y- just yesterday I 100: Did that. Interviewer: And I have 100: Done it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: #1 Done that. # Interviewer: #2 And # uh if the city, if the sewer department was in and they ripped all the pavement out you'd say the street is all 100: Messed up. Interviewer: And what's another way of saying that? Interviewer: Or if you took the pages of a magazine and you ripped 'em apart you'd say the paper is all 100: Ripped up. Interviewer: There's still another way of saying that beginning with a "T" it 100: Tore up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um if you gave somebody a bracelet you might say well don't just look at it go ahead and 100: Wear it. Interviewer: Or 100: Put it on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's it. Uh if um I ask you what's new you might shrug your shoulders and shake, say {X} shake your head and say aw 100: Nothing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and I'd say oh come now there must be 100: Something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um you might say I've never heard of blank a thing 100: Huh? Interviewer: I've never heard of blank a thing. 100: Of a such thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm good. And if I said well how long have you lived in Atlanta you'd say well I've blank lived here. 100: A long time. Interviewer: I've, well using one word I've lived here al- 100: All my life. Interviewer: Or just one word starting with al- Interviewer: #1 a six letter word # 100: #2 All the time. # Interviewer: Pardon? 100: All time. Interviewer: One word. I've lived here al- Interviewer: How long has that mountain been here? It's blank been here. Meaning forever it's al- Interviewer: Now I'm not going to beat that to death it'll come up in conversation. Um a person might say I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever 100: Since. Interviewer: Mm-hmm it wasn't an accident. He did it on 100: Purpose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh a couple more verbs and then I think we're through with the verbs. Ah if you wanted to know the answer to a question you'd have to go and blank somebody. 100: Ask somebody. Interviewer: And then so yesterday I 100: Asked somebody. Interviewer: And you have already 100: Asked. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And every time two bil- those two boys meet they always 100: Fight. Interviewer: And yesterday they 100: Fought. Interviewer: And they have 100: Fight. Interviewer: Okay and uh if he did that to her with a knife you'd say he 100: Stabbed. Interviewer: Okay and if there was a funny picture on the blackboard the teacher might turn around and say to the class alright who 100: Did that. Interviewer: Or, meaning who, who #1 put it up # 100: #2 Who wrote # Interviewer: #1 Well it's # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer: picture so who 100: Drew that. Interviewer: Good. And if you wanted to pick up something heavy you might you might get pulley blocks and a rope and tackle to 100: Pick it up. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 It's a # word that starts with an "H". 100: Haul. Interviewer: Ah do you ever say hoist or heist? 100: Hoist. Interviewer: Okay. Now the next part, in fact the last part though it's a pretty long part is about, it's questions that are just asked to people that live in cities. And some of these are things that people that live in the country wouldn't know and some of them are things anybody would know. First few things are particularly about the city that you live in, which in this case is Atlanta. Can you name major sections of Atlanta? How is the city divided up? 100: Talking about name? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: They uh {X} and North Fulton Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 100: East Atlanta. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: West West {D: what's that name again} West Fulton. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Fulton. And Interviewer: Well what would you call the part of the city where say the main offices of the banks are located? 100: Downtown. Interviewer: Alright where would you say the oldest and the largest stores are? 100: Downtown. Interviewer: Okay. Are there any neighborhoods where a, one particular maybe racial group live or maybe an ethnic group like the Jews or the, neigh- neighborhoods that have names? 100: {D: I don't know} Interviewer: Or how about 100: {X} Interviewer: Pardon? 100: Up there uh {X} {NS} Interviewer: Does it have a name? 100: Uh, um s- Interviewer: Are there particular neighborhoods where the blacks live? 100: #1 East # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 100: Atlanta. Interviewer: Okay, any more? 100: Pittsburgh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: {D: Trying to} uh Mechanicsville. Interviewer: Oh yeah I've heard of that uh-huh. 100: Um Techwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Um {X} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 100: #2 East {X} # 100: {X} Interviewer: Okay that's good um now are e- of these these black neighborhoods that you've named are there any that are, that particularly where rich black people live? 100: Um 100: Probably over there uh Greenbriar. Interviewer: Okay how about where maybe very poor black people live? 100: Those places I just named. Interviewer: All the ones you named or 100: Not mostly Techwood but all the rest though. Interviewer: Okay and do, do these special neighborhoods have they're own shopping centers? No? Okay uh then can you name any, any other places where rich people live, not just blacks but maybe blacks and whites and 100: Buckhead. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Um Interviewer: Any more? 100: No, not in Decatur. Interviewer: Mm-kay. How about middle class people? Whether black or white. {NS} 100: Decatur. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Mm 100: Outskirts of Atlanta I guess. Interviewer: Alright how about then lower class people. Poor people. 100: #1 Down in # Interviewer: #2 Bla- # 100: in town. {NS} Interviewer: Okay mm-hmm. Now if uh say somebody from out of town was visiting you what are, what would be the places in Atlanta that you'd want to take him to see? What are the main tourist attractions? 100: Downtown. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's downtown? 100: The big building. Six Flag. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Stone Mountain. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else special? Any historical things he might want to see? Interviewer: Anything famous here that everybody wants to see when they come? 100: not that I know of Interviewer: Alright. Uh then if you're, if you were flying in from Atlanta where would your plane land? 100: Hartsfield. Interviewer: Okay. Suppose you were driving in from another state what would you ca- say you were driving in from Tennessee what would you come in on? 100: Highway. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 100: #2 Freeway. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If uh you're driving along a highway or a freeway what would you call those places where you might pull off the road and there'd be restaurants and service stations and 100: Mm- a motel. Interviewer: Well it's not really a motel it's just a place where you can pull off and get some gas and rest. 100: Uh service station? Interviewer: Mm alright. Uh then what do you call the lines that are painted on the road? 100: Uh divider line. Interviewer: Alright what do you call that concrete thing or it might be grass in the middle of some big roads? 100: Divider. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh what do you use to get onto the freeway? 100: A enter- entering ramp. Interviewer: And then to get off #1 is a # 100: #2 Exit # ramp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm good. Uh what is a freeway exactly? 100: {NW} Where you don't have to pay no money. Interviewer: Okay yes that, that's true. What would you call it if you did have to pay money? 100: Toll. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Alright, # {NS} Is uh there any difference between wha- do you, do you ever call anything an expressway? What's an expressway? 100: Freeway I- Interviewer: Same thing? Okay how about interstate? do you ever use that word? {NS} You don't know that, okay. Um 100: I know it but I don't never Interviewer: #1 But you don't # 100: #2 {X} # Interviewer: use it. Okay. What are some of the main streets in Atlanta? 100: Buckhead. Peachtree. Interviewer: #1 I don't think # 100: #2 {D: Ma-} # Interviewer: Buckhead's a street is it? 100: {D: Probably not} Peachtree. Interviewer: Yeah. 100: Martin Luther King drive. Interviewer: Yeah, right. Mm-hmm. 100: And um {NS} 100: Techwood. Techwood drive. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. 100: Marietta street. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Forsyth street. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah those are some good ones. What are some of the streets in your neighborhood? 100: Pine street. Mm {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Lucky. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Lovejoy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Mm. Interviewer: Okay that's good enough. On uh some streets there's a place where you can go under and then a train goes over you, what do you call that? 100: Bridge. Interviewer: What would you call it if you went over and the train went under? 100: Oh I meant, that's a #1 bridge there. # Interviewer: #2 That's a bridge # Okay well what is it if a train 100: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 goes over # and you go under. 100: Tunnel. Interviewer: Alright. Would you ever, do you use the word viaduct at all? I know there is something in Atlanta called the viaduct. I, I can't remember where it is though. It's out south of the city somewhere. Uh how do you, what do you call that kind of parking where you're up next to the curb and you pull in between the cars and #1 the kind- # 100: #2 Parallel # park? Interviewer: Yeah and what is the kind that you do in shopping centers where you pull in beside the cars? 100: Parallel park. Interviewer: Alright. Uh I think you said this the other day but what do you call the place where the fireman plugs in his hose? 100: Hydrant. Interviewer: Kay. And in, again about parking what do you call those big buildings downtown where you drive up several levels to park? 100: Um 100: parking parking meters. Or something. Interviewer: Well par- parking meter that's where you have to put in money. But this is the whole building. What would you call that? 100: Parking site. Interviewer: Okay. And um what are the biggest buildings in town. You mentioned big buildings. 100: Peachtree Peachtree plaza. Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's a hotel isn't it? 100: Mm. Interviewer: Yeah. 100: Um First National Bank. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: E- {D: Equitable} building. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. 100: Mm Interviewer: What name would you have for all really tall buildings? 100: Skyscraper. Interviewer: Okay. Would you call the ones in Atlanta skyscrapers? Are they big enough? 100: Peachtree plaza is. Interviewer: Okay. Uh isn't it the biggest hotel in the world or something? Well they sa- I think I've heard that. Uh what would you call a little passage way between buildings in town? Or between houses, just a little thing. 100: Driveway. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it an ally? What does that mean to you? 100: A dark hole. Where you go down in it. A dead end. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Ally. Interviewer: Kay. And uh what do you call a place where there, w- used to be a building but now it's been torn down? And maybe the kids 100: Vacant lot. Interviewer: Yeah that's it. And what do you call a place, not a place a thing in a public building where you get a drink of water? 100: Water faucet. Interviewer: Alright, suppose it's in a park outside its a 100: Water fountain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um these are about different types of cars. Uh, can you describe some different body styles of cars? Not, not brand names or anything. 100: Names of cars? Interviewer: No, bra- uh not brand names but body styles like for instance what would you call a very small car? 100: Uh compact car. Interviewer: Mm-kay what would you call a car that had two doors? 100: Not, it's, it's not a sus- sedan but Interviewer: What is a sedan? 100: Four door. Interviewer: Okay. Well what's a two door? 100: Passenger car. Interviewer: Okay good. And what do you call those uh large things that people with a lot of children have that have a hatch in the #1 back? # 100: #2 Station wagon. # Interviewer: Yeah. And what would you call a great huge car that uses a lot of gasoline it's really expensive? 100: Lim- Limousine. Interviewer: Alright. Uh do you have any slang names for those? 100: Cadillac. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then what would you call a little truck that might deliver items to your house? 100: Van. Interviewer: Okay and how about the kind of little truck that's in the back? Interviewer: Farmers have them a lot. Interviewer: I would call that a pickup, would you use #1 the same? # 100: #2 Yeah # pickup #1 truck. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # mm-hmm. And then if you were going to the airport well how mi- how would you get to the airport? If you didn't have a car. 100: Bus. Interviewer: Okay. Uh suppose you wanted ride on something that was not the bus and you didn't want to take a taxi then how would you get there? 100: Ask somebody to give me a ride. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then tell me about the public transportation that they have in Atlanta. 100: MARTA. Interviewer: Mm-kay what is MARTA? 100: Bus and ma- rapid trail. Interviewer: Rapid what? 100: Rapid transit. Interviewer: Tell me about the train. {NS} Because that's something new. 100: Yeah new. Interviewer: Have you ridden the train? 100: {X} Interviewer: Yeah? What do you do in the station? 100: Just wait on the train. Train usually be there and just take off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Where does it go? 100: All around town. Different di- space, all the buses now go toward it go to a station. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. 100: So you go to a station you be near a bus stop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay uh then on the car what do you call the thing in the front where the speedometer and things are? 100: Dashboard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what do you call that little place over on the right hand side where you'd keep maps? 100: Dash box. Interviewer: Alright, uh-huh. Would you ever call that a glove compartment? 100: Yeah glove compartment. Interviewer: Keep gloves in it? 100: I don't know. Interviewer: Does anybody? Uh then what is the what do you call this thing? Stretchy thing? 100: Rubber band. Interviewer: Alright and um I don't have the other thing. A little metal thing you might use to hold two pieces of paper together? 100: Jim clip. Interviewer: Okay, you say jim clip, good. Um, where uh would you keep your spare tire on a car? 100: Trunk. Interviewer: Okay, and then to make the car go faster you step on the 100: Gas. Interviewer: Um alright, uh-huh. 100: Uh pedal. Interviewer: Okay. And if you don't have an automatic transmission what do you call the thing that you shift? 100: Sti- stick shift. Interviewer: Would you call it anything different if it's on the steering wheel instead of on the floor? 100: Um 100: automatic. That's about the only thing I call automatic {X} You don't have to shift every time you stop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Okay. # 100: #2 That # that what automatic is I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. Uh then what do you call those things they have in apartment complexes and other and shopping centers maybe where you have to slow down because there's a thing built up? 100: Hump. Interviewer: Okay, uh-huh. And what do you call the different kinds of things that the fire department has to ride in? 100: Fire trucks. Interviewer: What about the kind that just pumps water? 100: Water truck? Interviewer: Alright, how about the kind with the latter on it? 100: Fire truck. Interviewer: Alright, how about the kind that has a a boom and a bucket that'll just lift one person up? 100: Guess fire truck. Interviewer: Mm-kay I've seen 'em I wouldn't know what to call 'em. If somebody had a heart attack what kind of a small thing might come to help 'em? 100: {X} Interviewer: Alright and if the fire chief came to the fire alone what might he drive in? 100: Station wagon. Interviewer: Alright and uh what do you call the thing that the police ride around in? 100: Police car. Interviewer: Any other name for that? Would you ever call it anything like oh, squad car, cruiser police sedan? Mm-mm? Uh cop car? Okay uh what about the big thing where they might put a lot of criminals in the back? 100: Police, police van. Interviewer: Okay would you ever call that a paddy wagon #1 or a # 100: #2 Yeah # paddy #1 wagon. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And then the thing that police and radio stations do have that flies around? 100: Helicopter. Interviewer: You know any other names for helicopters? 100: Um Pu- whirly bird. Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah that's a good one. And a few questions about weather. What do you call that big storm, they don't have them here but they have them on the gulf where there's a big wind and it blows everything down? 100: Hurricane. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then another kind of storm that they do have here that's a funnel cloud? 100: Tornado. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And another kind of storm that they usually have here about once during the winter when the rain freezes after it hits the ground? 100: Um Interviewer: It breaks the power lines? 100: Uh snow storm? #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 It's # It's not #1 snow. # 100: #2 Sleet # storm. Interviewer: It's not even sleet because it's j- it's just rain and then it freezes. But it's terrible because there's this layer of ice the next day and you can't get anywhere. Interviewer: I call it an ice storm. 100: A ice storm. Interviewer: Do you remember the one that they had in was it seventy three? Were you too young to remember that? 100: I guess so. {NS} Interviewer: Well there was no power for about a week I think and almost the whole city were yo,u you remember not having power? Well maybe you've maybe you had power or maybe you just forgot. Well what do you call the men that fight the fire? 100: Firemen. Interviewer: Alright and what do you call the uh, men that work for the police department? 100: Policemen. Interviewer: I know you must know some other names for policemen. 100: Fuzz. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Cop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is fuzz insulting? Would that make 'em mad? 100: {D: I don't know} Pig. Interviewer: Yeah pig I guess would make 'em mad. And what do you call the place where the firemen s- work? 100: Fire house. Interviewer: How about the place where the police work? 100: Police building. Interviewer: Alright. And then uh where would they put criminals? 100: Jail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there a, a special place where they might put drunks? 100: Uh Interviewer: You ever hear of a drunk tank? 100: Yeah. Interviewer: How do you say that? 100: Drunk tank. Interviewer: Okay and what does a policeman carry for protection? 100: Gun. Interviewer: Alright. Uh then what, what is it that's not a gun that he might carry to hit people with? 100: A fla- blackjack. Interviewer: Alright, how about something that's just wood though? 100: A blackjack. Interviewer: {X} Doesn't a blackjack have something on the end doesn't it that's not wood? I don't know that much about it but just a wooden stick. Night stick or billy club or something like that? 100: Oh I though, that's what I thought it was. Interviewer: Oh that's a blackjack? Okay. Uh then what would you call uh, do you have any other names for prostitute? 100: Hooker. Interviewer: Alright and what do you call a building where prostitutes work? 100: I don't know. Interviewer: Alright well do you um, what would you call the man that manages prostitutes? 100: Pimp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, how about the woman who lives in the house with them? Interviewer: Okay. Um and uh what would you call people that just drink too much and lie around on the street all the time? 100: Drunk. Hobos. Interviewer: Alright. What if they drink too much but they're really respectable businessmen? 100: {X} Interviewer: Pardon? 100: Um Interviewer: Now they have a drinking problem but they're, they're not really out of work. They drink all the time but they can they can keep #1 on. # 100: #2 Alcoholics. # Interviewer: Okay. And how about people that uh lie around on the street all the time but they're, not because they're drunk they're just out of work. 100: Unemployed. Interviewer: Alright um then what do you call cheap hotels where people like that might live? 100: Cheap hotel. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you talked about uh the, your marijuana debate the other day, do you h- know any other names for marijuana? 100: Grass. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: Herb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah. 100: About all I know. Interviewer: Kay. Um what are some other drugs that are worse than marijuana? 100: angel dust Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: speed Interviewer: Yeah. 100: Mm- cocaine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: {X} {D: oak} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 100: {D: flodine} Interviewer: Mm, I don't know that one, what does it do? 100: I don't know I just heard a boy say it one day. Interviewer: Hmm, mm-hmm. I've heard of the others but I haven't heard of that one. What do you call a person that takes drugs all the time? 100: Drug addict. Interviewer: Alright what would you call a person that sells illegal drugs? Interviewer: Sells 'em on the street? 100: Pusher. Interviewer: Mm-kay good. And um what, do you have any slang names for money? 100: Dough. Duckies. Interviewer: What was that? 100: Duckies Interviewer: Duckies? I never heard that. Does that just mean, what does that mean? Is it bills or 100: Dollar. Interviewer: That means a dollar bill? Hmm.That is a new one, it really is. Uh then what do you call a place where you might, if you didn't if you needed some money you might take your watch and leave it 100: Pawn shop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh do you have any names for cheap wine? Interviewer: I asked about cheap whiskey the other day but this is cheap wine. Interviewer: Alright what would you call the worst place in town where all the bums hang out? 100: Town. Interviewer: Just town? #1 Well- # 100: #2 Downtown. # Interviewer: Okay. I think the tape is about to run out here. Uh what would you call a theater where they show X-rated movies? 100: Bath house. Interviewer: Mm-kay. I'm just gonna let this tape run. Interviewer : Uh then what do you call the man that delivers the mail? 100: Mail man. Interviewer : Alright and the man that picks up the garbage? 100: Garbage man. Interviewer : And what would you say a person has if he can get favors from city hall? 100: Political authority. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and uh what would you call a person maybe who worked for the city m- a city employee who had, really didn't have a job but they paid him anyway. 100: {NW} Interviewer : Most people don't have a name for that. Interviewer : The name for it is supposed to be pay roller but nobody's ever heard of that. Okay, um What would you call not a, a brand name but those great big food stores? 100: Grocery store. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. How about a, just a small neighborhood store? 100: Grocery store. Interviewer : Alright and how about those kind of specialty stores where they might sell special meats and salads? 100: Mm- Interviewer : Often they're run by Jewish people or German people. Interviewer : Deli? 100: Uh delicatessen. Interviewer : Alright. And I asked you the other day about that one so I'm not gonna repeat myself. Uh, uh what would you call a coin operated self-service laundry? 100: Coin laundry. Interviewer : Alright. Uh what would you call a thing that you might use to put dirty clothes in? 100: Washing machine. Interviewer : Well I, I don't mean to clean them I mean to keep them in #1 the c- # 100: #2 Hamper. # Interviewer : Yeah, mm-hmm. And then the thing that you, the electric thing you clean the rug with is a 100: Uh vacuum cleaner. Interviewer : And what is the thing in the vacuum cleaner that you have to take out and throw away? 100: Dust collector. Interviewer : Mm- #1 Okay. # 100: #2 Dirt- # Interviewer : And uh have you ever seen, I've never seen one, those things that some people have that takes the garbage and then makes it small? 100: Garbage compacter. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and what do you call the, the big thing that you put the garbage in outside? 100: Herbity curby. Interviewer : {NW} Yes, okay wha- {NW} uh how about something that's smaller that's metal that you just might have for a little garbage? 100: Tin can. Interviewer : Uh-huh and uh then in apartment complexes they sometimes have great big things #1 that you # 100: #2 Dumpsters. # Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh I should have asked you this earlier. Are cigarette's ever called anything else? Do you know any slang names for those? 100: Square. Interviewer : Ah yes, okay. I've heard that once before too and it was, it was new to me when I heard it before. What would you call an enclosed room in a house that's designed to receive a lot of sunlight? Interviewer : I guess it's glassed in. Has a lot of windows. 100: Mm Sw- Mm Green house? Interviewer : Okay. How about a, a th- I think I asked you that one. How about a room that just had a toilet and the sink but did not have a bathtub or a shower? 100: Bathroom. Interviewer : Alright, um we talked about well there's the, the um lunch bell so go ahead and have lunch and I'll see you in a few minutes. Interviewer : See, um. Oh we were talking about, I was about to start talking about heating the house. You said that there was, I don't, what would you call that kind of heating system you said where there's hot air? Do you call, is that forced air? 100: Central heating. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Uh well what are some other things that people pa- heat their houses with? 100: Radiators, Interviewer : #1 Mm- # 100: #2 fireplaces, # Interviewer : Mm-hmm. #1 Okay. # 100: #2 mm. # Interviewer : And suppose they have, they cool their air. What do you call that? 100: Air condition. Interviewer : Okay. And did you ever see a house, uh where they're just three rooms? One in back of the other? And if you open the front door you could see all the way through the house? Alright how about a house where they're just two rooms and then there's an open hall down in between the two rooms? Interviewer : Uh, how about a house where there is just one room and then a long entrance hall? Interviewer : Can you name any uh particular designs for unus- for little houses, for small houses? 100: Um Interviewer : No? Alright now you talked about apartment houses. What are, can you name any different types of apartments? 100: Um, name apartment houses? Interviewer : Well n- what are different types of apartments? 100: Government apartments. {NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NS} 100: High rent apartments, low rent apartments. Good apartments, bad apartments. 100: #1 Apartments. # Interviewer : #2 O- # Okay uh {NW} Did you ever see a, I don't think, {NS} I don't know if they have it here but {NS} they have it in {NS} some of the cities in the North. Uh places where the houses are so close together that in fact they join {NW} {X} Interviewer : There's just a whole line of houses and they have a wall in common? Alright how about uh the kind, the, I know they have these here. You, it's an apartment but you buy it you don't rent it and usually they're expensive. 100: Condominium. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and what would you call an apartment that's the whole level of a building? Interviewer : I don't know if they've got these here. They have 'em in Chicago. Interviewer : They call 'em flats in Chicago. That's not a term that I would know. What do you call a person that looks after the apartment that does the repairs and things like that? 100: Maintenance man. Interviewer : Alright. What would you call the person that takes people around and shows 'em new apartments? 100: Real estate man. Interviewer : Or how about the person that collects the rent? 100: Uh management. Interviewer : Alright, mm-hmm. And um {NS} did I skip one? No. Uh- what would you, if you had a house and a lawn you were gonna cut the grass, what would you use? 100: The lawnmower. Interviewer : Alright. Uh when you say lawn mower do you mean, well how is it powered? 100: Gas. Interviewer : Okay. Suppose it's- doesn't have a motor and you just have to push it, what would you call it? 100: Push mower. Interviewer : Okay. And suppose you can ride on it? 100: Riding mower. Interviewer : Alright. And what do they call those things that's kind of like a little hand plow that {NS} eats up your grass when you want to plant? Interviewer : I think people rent 'em a lot instead of buying 'em. Tiller? Do you know of that? Mm-kay uh how about something that if you were going out to dig, just a little hand thing? 100: Uh hoe. Interviewer : #1 Well- # 100: #2 Small # #1 hoe. # Interviewer : #2 with a # short handle. 100: Small hoe? Interviewer : Alright how about something with three prongs you might dig with? 100: {NW} {NW} Interviewer : If you're not a gardener you might not know all this stuff. And then to get the leaves off in the fall what would you use? 100: Rake. Interviewer : Are there different kinds of rakes? 100: Not that I know of. Interviewer : Kay and what would you use to cut the hedge? 100: Hedge clippers. Interviewer : Mm-kay and uh if a big tree blew down and you didn't want to saw it up by hand what sort of a saw might you use? 100: A power mo- a power saw. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And uh can you name some different kinds of beef? Different cuts of beef. Steaks especially. 100: Porter house. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: T-Bone. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Ground. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Round. Um- 100: Fillet mignon. Interviewer : Yeah. 100: {D: Mm let's see} 100: Porter house. Interviewer : Think you said that one. 100: Oh. Interviewer : Any other kinds of beef? 100: Steaks. Interviewer : Just beef. Not steaks. 100: Beef tongue. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Beef liver. 100: Mm. Interviewer : How about kinds of pork? 100: Pork chop. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Mm ham. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Chitlins. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Are there any different kinds of ham? 100: Uh cured ham, hickory ham. Interviewer : Yeah. 100: Sweet ham. Interviewer : Good. How about cuts of lamb? 100: Lamb chops, that's probably the only one I know. Interviewer : Mm-hmm yeah that's all most people know. What about some different kinds of uh poultry that you eat? 100: Chicken, turkey. duck. Um Interviewer : Are there different kinds of chicken depending on maybe what size or age the are? {NS} 100: {D: I don't know} {NS} Interviewer : Mm-kay how about uh different types of sausage? {NS} 100: Beef and pork chops. Interviewer : Mm-kay. How uh what is that thing that you get in a bun at the ball park? 100: Hot dog. {NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm. When you say hot dog do you mean the meat and the bun or do you, could you just mean the meat? {NS} 100: Meat. {NS} Interviewer : Alright. Uh then what do you call the kind of sandwich that has several kinds of meat and sometimes cheese and it's usually on a big bun? {NS} 100: Uh Philadelphia cheese steak? #1 What'd you say now? # Interviewer : #2 Mm- # 100: #1 A submarine sandwich? # Interviewer : #2 I don't, I don't know that one. # A- what was that? 100: A submarine #1 sandwi- # Interviewer : #2 Okay # that's it. Do you know any other names for that one? 100: Mm hero sandwich. Interviewer : Yeah mm-hmm. Good. And uh what might you drink with a hero sandwich? 100: Beer or something. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. You have any nicknames for beer? Interviewer : Well what might you drink that was not alcoholic? 100: Coca-cola.{NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm okay. {NS} {NS} Um suppose you were {NS} #1 talking-{NS} # 100: #2 Water.{NS} # Interviewer : Hmm?{NS} 100: Water.{NS} Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NS} You're talking about things that're not coca-co- not just coca-cola. 100: {X} Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Mm-kay. {NS} Okay now stuff that's like, things that are like coca-cola, say Coke and Pepsi and R-C and ginger ale and all those things, what would you call all of 'em, that kind of drink? 100: Mm. Diet {NS} {NS} uh strong coke. {NS} Strong. {NS} Interviewer : Well would you use anything like pop or soda pop or soft drink or cold drink or anything? If you wanted, if you went into the store and said you'd- to order one, you'd say give me a 100: Drink. Interviewer : What would you mean when you say drink? 100: Let me have a drink. Uh, coca-cola. Interviewer : If you said drink you'd mean a coca-cola? Okay. Then uh what do you call things that you get at a bakery, it's, you, well people eat 'em for breakfast, it's a little sweet cake. 100: Uh danish? Interviewer : Okay good. Now what if it's the whole cake and not just a little individual piece? 100: Pound cake? Interviewer : Well it's like a danish though. It's that kind of thing. It might be in a ring. 100: Cinnamon roll? Interviewer : Okay, okay. Uh and then those stuff you spread on a cake is 100: Icing. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And uh wha- what would be stuff that was spread on donuts? 100: Icing. Interviewer : Okay. Uh then did you ever see a rectangular donut that didn't have a hole? Interviewer : How about a donut with jelly in it. What would you call that? 100: A jelly donut. Interviewer : Alright. What about a twisted donut? 100: Twirl. Interviewer : #1 A what? # 100: #2 Twirls. # Interviewer : Okay yeah. Mm-hmm. And uh what would you call a ring that had a big stone in it? 100: Uh class ring or diamond ring. Interviewer : Mm-kay. 100: Wedding ring. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And um different lengths of shorts, what are, what would you call knee-length shorts? 100: At the knee. Interviewer : Well would you have a name for that kind of shorts? 100: Knickerbockers or something. Interviewer : Alright what about lower than knee-length shorts? 100: I don't know I never seen nobody wearing none of those Interviewer : Alright how about really short ones? 100: Short shorts. Interviewer : Mm-kay good. How about clothes that are previously owned by somebody else. Maybe y- your older brother owned 'em and then passed 'em down to you? 100: Hand-me-down. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Suppose you went out and bought them in a second hand store? 100: Hand-me-down. Interviewer : Okay. What would you call very fashionable or good looking clothes? 100: Good looking clothes. Interviewer : Any slang name for that? 100: G-Q. Interviewer : What? 100: G-Q. Interviewer : What does that mean? 100: Fashion. It's a fashion book. where fashion clothes come from Interviewer : Is that a brand name? Mm-hmm okay. Uh then what would you store clothes in in the winter? 100: Closet. Interviewer : Uh would you put 'em in something in the closet? 100: No just in the closet Interviewer : What would you call the kind of bag you might get from the cleaners? 100: A plastic bag. Interviewer : How about the kind of bag you might use to put your suit in if you were going on a a trip. 100: Mm- I ain't never seen one. Interviewer : Alright. Uh can you name some different types of shoes? 100: Mm- 100: Tennis shoe. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Oxford. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Boat shoes. Interviewer : What are boat shoes? 100: Uh like penny loafers and Interviewer : #1 Uh-huh. # 100: #2 {X} # And uh look like Indian shoe. {NS} With a string on it. You tie 'em up. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. 100: And uh dress shoe. Interviewer : Alright. Is that all? Alright how about some different types of hair styles? 100: Afro. Braids. And um {NS} Shag. Low cut. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Interviewer : Okay there is a section now for different, for names for different types of people and um you may not know any of these. There're a bunch of 'em so just let me know if you don't. Well this one we've already really talked about. We talked about this a little bit yesterday. What might you call a man or a boy he might not be a homosexual but he just actu- acts kind of girlish? 100: Sissy. Interviewer : Alright now suppose he is a homosexual, what would you call him? 100: Gay. Interviewer : Okay how about a woman who was not, not homosexual but she acts kind of like a man? 100: Tomboy. Interviewer : Alright suppose she is a homosexual? 100: Lesbian. Interviewer : Good. What would you call a sexually overactive man? 100: Gigolo. Interviewer : Good and uh how about a sexually overactive woman? 100: {D: Gigolass.} Interviewer : {NW} How about a, a sexually indiscreet man? A man that sleeps around a lot? Then tells everybody about it? {NS} 100: Mm- {NS} Interviewer : #1 {X} # 100: #2 Slum. # Interviewer : {NS} Pardon? 100: Slum.{NS} {NS} Interviewer : Can't, couldn't hear you for the pencil- 100: Slum. Interviewer : Okay how about a sexually indiscreet woman? 100: Mm same thing. Interviewer : Alright. Ho- what would you call an ugly boy or man? 100: Ugly.{NS} Interviewer : Would you say boy look at that 100: Ugly man. Interviewer : Alright how about an ugly woman? 100: Same thing. Interviewer : {NS} Just ugly? How about a very nice looking boy or man? He sure is {NS} 100: Looking good.{NS} {NS} Interviewer : How about a very nice looking girl or woman? 100: She looks good. Interviewer : Alright how about a somebody that studies all the time? 100: Mm Interviewer : Do you use the word book-worm at all? 100: Not {X} Interviewer : What would you call a really smart person? Always makes all A's. {NS} 100: A smart person. He's really smart. Interviewer : Okay. What would you call a child in school that always tries to get favors from the teacher? 100: Teacher's pet. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. How about a person at work that tries to play up to the boss. What would you call him? 100: Boss's pet. Interviewer : {NW} Alright. Uh let's see how about uh what's the first school that you go to? 100: Preschool. Interviewer : And then? 100: Elementary. Interviewer : What grades are elementary? 100: First {NS} first through seventh. Interviewer : Alright and then what do you go to? 100: I went to middle school. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What grade was that? 100: Sixth through eighth. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and uh then after that is 100: High school.{NS} {NS} Interviewer : Kay good. {NS} {D: Don't get why people couldn't sharpen their pencils before they come} Uh what kind of a fence is around a playground in a school? 100: Mm- a wire fence. Interviewer : Any kind of, particular kind of wire? Okay what uh is the name of the building where they play basketball and that kind of thing? 100: Gym. Interviewer : Okay. Um what do you do in the gym besides play basketball? 100: Mm play hockey. Mm- play dodge ball, battle ball, baseball. s- mm- Interviewer : Do you do anything other than play games in there? Do you have assemblies in there? 100: Yeah assemblies. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Mm Pep assemblies Interviewer : Uh-huh. Do they ever have concerts or- speakers or anything like that 100: #1 {D: No} # Interviewer : #2 in the gym? # 100: They don't hardly have concerts but they got speakers. Interviewer : Mm. Mm-hmm. Mm-kay, um now these are names for different groups of people. Mostly different um different nationality groups and if you've never known any people by these, of these nationalities then you probably don't have a name for 'em but if you've ever heard any names for these groups then just tell me. Um how about uh- oh uh w- before I do that I forgot to ask you what you call bathrooms in the school. 100: Restroom. Interviewer : Okay. Now to get back to the different types of people what would you call Chinese people? 100: Chin- Chin- Chinamen Interviewer : Alright how about Japanese people? 100: Japanese. Interviewer : Do you know any nicknames like Chink or Jap? 100: Jap. Interviewer : Okay. How about, uh what would you call Roman Catholics? {NS} 100: Romans? Interviewer : Any nicknames for them? How about uh very fundamentalist protestants? Interviewer : The, the kind of people that might get up and sing and shout and roll in the aisles? 100: Baptist. Interviewer : Alright. Um then how about Jewish people, what would you call them? 100: Jews. Interviewer : Do you know any slang names for Jews? Either good or bad? You know any names for American Indians? How about Germans? How about uh Dutch people? Italians? Poles? 100: Who? Interviewer : Polish people? How about Russians? 100: I don't know. Interviewer : Czechoslovakians? Lithuanians? Englishmen? Um Irishmen? Scots? Frenchmen? Cajuns? Do you know what Cajuns are? 100: Hmm? Interviewer : They're people that live in Louisiana that are part French. Uh Greeks? Cubans? Puerto Ricans? Mexicans? Uh Scandinavians? Canadians? Now you're not supposed to know those unless you know people with those particular ethnic backgrounds. What, what are the two major political parties? 100: Republican and Democratic. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Speaking of the political parties what do you think about the election? Who's gonna win? 100: Carter. Interviewer : You think he should win? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : He's better than Regan? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Think anybody's gonna vote for Anderson? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Very many? 100: No. Interviewer : Why not? 100: He just ain't got that much Public- publicity. Interviewer : Mm. Mm-hmm I guess he hadn't got as much money as the others. Why is Carter better than Regan? 100: Because he's already the president. And Carter thinking- I mean Regan thinking about the war. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Going to war and I don't want war. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Well I don't think anybody really wants a war. I don't know about Regan. Uh what do you call the uh people that I guess they used to have around, I don't know if they still do, that have the long hair and don't take #1 baths- # 100: #2 Hippies. # Interviewer : Do they still have 'em around? 100: {D: I don't know. Never seen 'em.} Interviewer : Are there any here? 100: #1 I don't # Interviewer : #2 No? # 100: think so. Interviewer : Okay. What would you call the uh the person of the same sex as yourself that you {NS} uh like to talk to and go around with the most? 100: Friend. Best friend. Interviewer : Mm-hmm okay. Was there, well especially when you were younger but I guess maybe now too, was there one group of children that you played with? 100: Yeah. Interviewer : Did they- what would you call them? 100: Friend. Interviewer : Alright um what would you call it when maybe one child, one parent has died and somebody else in the neighborhood becomes really close, some adult becomes really close to the child? Interviewer : Sort of takes the place of his parent? 100: Mm- Interviewer : Did you ever hear of anything like a play-mom or a play-daddy? Have you? What have you heard? 100: I just heard of that. But I ain't ever seen nobody. But they- both of 'em had they had both parents but they just considered them their play-mama Interviewer : Well what is a play-mama then? 100: {D: I don't know} {C: mumbles} #1 I- # Interviewer : #2 Is she # related to the- 100: No I don't think so. {NS} Interviewer : Okay. Uh did you ever hear of a game, a word game, where people insult each other in rhyme and it gets worse and then they end up fighting? 100: Joaning Interviewer : Hmm? 100: Joaning {NS} {D: When} talking about somebody's mama {NS} joaning {NS} {NS} Interviewer : I, I don't, I don't know the word that you're saying, because what I heard it {NS} called is playing the dozens.{NS} Do you know that thing? Alright the word you're saying is what? 100: Joaning. Interviewer : Joaning? Joaning. I never heard that. You have said several things that I have never heard and I'm really interested in that. Uh did it, does anything happen when a new kid moves into your neighborhood because you said nobody new ever moves in. But if anybody did would there be anything you'd have to do to make himself one of the gang? Interviewer : Did you ever know that to happen where you've lived? Okay. Well now almost the last thing. I wanna know about some games. Can you tell me some hiding games that you used to play, or play now? 100: Hide and go seek and kick the can. Interviewer : Is kick the can a hiding game? I don't know how to play it. Tell me. 100: Te- somebody, somebody throw the can up in the air and then when he kick the can he close his eyes and everybody hide. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: And then when they, they can then get, kick the can before he can, they go kick the can and they safe. Interviewer : Mm. Mm-hmm. I, I know I never saw anybody play it, I've just heard of that game. Anymore hiding games? 100: Fox and the hound. Interviewer : How do you play that? 100: Chasing game. Interviewer : Okay any, how about some more chase games? 100: {NW} Tag out of jail. Interviewer : Tag out of jail? 100: See you know like this room right here Interviewer : Uh-huh. 100: Like somebody like you get somebody like can bring 'em in here. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 100: You have a guard standing right here. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: And you want and the person's outside want you to cha- want the guard to chase them. So the other person that on they're team can come around and touch it Interviewer : #1 Uh-huh. # 100: #2 {D: up there s} # so they can get out. Interviewer : Then they get out. 100: Mm- Interviewer : How do you know who wins? 100: Person who gets all the persons in. Get all the persons in jail. Then they switch over to the other side. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. 100: Keep on playing until they get tired. Interviewer : Well if you never got everybody in jail then 100: You never get a #1 chance to go. # Interviewer : #2 {NW} # {NW} You just play the rest of your life huh? Okay uh h- are there any games, I think this is mostly for little children that you play in a ring? 100: Mm {NS} Interviewer : Um little Sally Walker, did you ever play that? How about ring around the rosie, farmer in the dell, any of those? London bridge? 100: London bridge probably. Interviewer : It's too long ago you can't remember? Uh how about uh you mentioned some ball games and I guess, well you mentioned hockey which is played with a puck. Um any more ball games that you haven't mentioned? 100: Football. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Baseball. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Basketball. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Racquetball. I play that sometimes with my #1 dad. # Interviewer : #2 Oh. # Mm-hmm. 100: Tennis. Interviewer : Yeah. 100: Um Interviewer : Do you play any games with a knife? Interviewer : How about um with a rope? Interviewer : Do you ever jump rope or is that just girls? 100: Mm it ain't for girls but I don't do it. Interviewer : Mm-kay. Uh how about marbles. Do you play with them? 100: Used to. Interviewer : Can you, are there any marble games you could tell me about? 100: It's just shoot the marbles. Try to hit the other marble. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Did you play for keeps? Do the different marbles have names? 100: Yeah. The big one was {X} And the blue one was b- m- the uh the uh let me see. 100: The mu- blue one was a cat eyes and the green one was the green and wh- the blue and white one was cat eye and I done forgot all the rest. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. I remember cat eye, I think I had some of those. Um did you ever play jacks? Interviewer : Alright how about uh can you name some kinds of parties that they that you have now or that you had when you were little? 100: Birthday party. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Just party and uh Christmas parties. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: New years party, fourth of July party Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: Halloween party. 100: East- no we don't have no Easter party. We had almost all of them for every holiday except for uh Easter. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do they have parties here at school? 100: Yes. They have dances. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. What, uh what are the occasions? Why do they have the dances? 100: Uh after the football game they have a dance. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Do they call it a certain kind of dance? 100: N- you know uh it's like a party but it's a dance Interviewer : #1 Uh-huh # 100: #2 you know like a # ball. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 100: It's just called they have it on Thursdays. Interviewer : Mm, that seems like a bad day if you have to go to school on Friday. 100: Mm. Interviewer : Couldn't stay out late. Uh what kinds of music do you like to listen to? 100: Soul music Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Anything else? 100: Um rock. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Okay. Um what kinds of music don't you like? {NS} 100: Country. Interviewer : Okay uh-huh. Um uh tell me what do y- what you think about, about speaking correct English and all of that? Do you think everybody ought to speak correct English? {NS} Does it matter? Interviewer : Now what do you think about that? What, what do you think about the way people talk? 100: Just everybody talk probably. There wouldn't be no hardly no vocabulary and everybody ha- some people have to talk correct. So they know they have manners, sometimes. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Well who talks correctly? 100: Mostly parents. Interviewer : Parents do, okay. I guess school teachers do. {NS} If you wanted to know what was correct in terms of talking or writing or something who would you ask? Or how would you find out? 100: I ask my teachers. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 100: And my mom. Interviewer : Okay. Uh-huh. Um do you, do you talk differently to white people then you do black people? Do you talk differently to older people then you do to kids your age? How so? 100: Talk nice. Interviewer : Is there something you'd say to kids that you wouldn't say to adults? Interviewer : Like what? 100: Shut up. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Yeah I can see how if you told your teacher to shut up that would not go over very well. Uh do you, well what about writing? Do you think everybody ought to write correctly? Interviewer : Mm-kay. Um well I think that's just about it. Is there anything else you wanna say? 100: Can I finish my homework or anything like that? Interviewer : Okay as is, is it for Spanish? The homework that- 100: Yeah. Interviewer : You mean the homework that you're supposed to turn in today? {NS} 100: Naw. Tomorrow but I wanna finish the homework, got this class too. Because I go to the next Interviewer : Oh is that the next period? 100: Yes I been here since all day. #1 so I need- # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. Why didn't you do it last night? 100: I had to go somewhere with my m- me and my mom and dad went somewhere. Interviewer : {NW} Interviewer : Well, I don't know if Ms. Cantrell's gonna like the idea, because I've got to go and see her now to s- to talk to Priscilla. Interviewer : Now I really think you'd better come back down to Ms. Cantrell's class but anyway, thank you very much for doing this. Interviewer: {NS} This interview was taped July thirty-first, nineteen seventy-four. The informant is {B} of Marietta, Georgia. The interviewer is {B}. {NS} {X} 105: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS} Okay I needed to ask 105: {NW} Interviewer: Some questions first of all to turn in with this. {NS} Um {NS} 105: {NW} Interviewer: I need your full name. 105: Full name {B} Interviewer: And this is {B} {NS} 105: Marietta Georgia three double oh six oh. Interviewer: And your place of birth? {NS} 105: Uh Marietta. {NS} Interviewer: Age? 105: Seventy-one Januar- last January. {NW} Interviewer: Occupation? 105: Retired. {NS} Interviewer: From what? 105: Huh? Interviewer: From what? 105: Well uh #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: I was in the marble business for twenty years right here in Marietta. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 105: And then I worked for {D: Hornby} manufacturing company making children's play clothes for fifteen years. {NS} I was in the shipping department there and uh uh had charge of the warehouse and shipping. {NS} Fifteen years and uh I did help {NS} Mr. Williams in the cafe some. Just at odd times. That uh {NS} and uh {NW} well uh that brings us up from nineteen twenty-three I guess. While I was with the chain grocery store from twenty-three to about off and on for a few years. Then I came in with my dad in the business in nineteen thirty and stayed in that for nineteen years. I said twenty it's right close to twenty. But he died in forty-nine and I liquidated in fifty. {NS} But uh. Prior to that I was w- in the #1 service # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: for three years when I was a youngster. In the military service. From nineteen twenty to nineteen twenty-three. And uh stationed in several places. Um Then I worked after I got out of the service I came back to Marietta and uh {NS} I've lived here all my life with the exception of about fifteen years in my early childhood from eight years old on up to {NS} oh I guess 'till nine 'till I was about twenty. And that's about twelve years there I guess. I left we left here when I was eight and I came back when I was twenty. That's right about twelve years. And uh then I been in and out a Marietta for about uh {NS} six or seven years but my parents my father lived here and my mother died in nineteen fifteen when I was real young. But uh father had maintained a put my sisters in school up in North Carolina the and uh then whenever he after the war he uh came back and established him his home again and brought all the girls back back home. And they lived here until they uh married off and so forth. Interviewer: So you were in North Carolina? {NS} 105: A short time short time in Murphy I lived we lived up there and that's where my mother was. We were living there when my mother died. Interviewer: In in western North Carolina? 105: In Murphy. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 105: #2 Uh-huh. # Out in the western part there. The last town in Murphy #1 North Carolina in the west part there. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: She's buried up there. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: And my father's buried here. He died in forty-nine but he's buried over here in the city cemetery. {NS} And uh I guess that's {NS} brings us up to my retirement I guess. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Okay and you're baptist. 105: Yes ma'am. {NS} Interviewer: Uh okay. Schools attended? 105: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 And last grade completed? # 105: I uh started school in Fairburn. We lived in Fairburn a while and I {NS} and um let me see uh uh about two or three years I'm not positive about that. Then we moved to North Carolina and I finished the eighth grade up there and went in the service. {NS} So um {NS} that's uh {NS} that um Interviewer: What branch of service were you in? 105: Infantry. Interviewer: Hmm. 105: Mm-hmm. {NS} Twenty-eighth infantry. Company I first division. {NS} Came over they got the first division name cuz they was the first division were the first uh infantry division that landed in um {NS} France during the World World War One. Interviewer: Huh. 105: Mm. {NS} Interviewer: Whenever I have anybody in the infantry that always scare me because they were the ones that always 105: #1 They had to do the mopping up. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. 105: Absolutely. You can send your planes over and #1 and do all this bombing and everything # Interviewer: #2 But you got to have the # 105: but you got to have the infantry to go in there and clean up things. And #1 get the snipers and whatever the case may be # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: left over {X} {NW} Interviewer: Um. {NS} Clubs travel. Church. 105: Well. Interviewer: Functions. 105: I uh I been a member of the uh First Baptist Church there for {NS} let's see I was baptized in nineteen and twenty-six. {NS} Which is forty-eight years. {NS} And I'm a black deacon. I was made had that honor bestowed on me this past year. {NS} And I've been a deacon there for over twenty years. Twenty-four years I guess. Um then uh {NS} I uh belong to the uh Kiwanis club. I {NS} became a member of that in nineteen and forty-one. And uh I was asked to serve as secretary in nineteen and forty-six. And then they asked me for forty-seven and forty-eight right on through and I'm in my twenty-ninth year now. Finishing it up at the first of October. And I will #1 I been asked to serve another year so it'll make thirty consecutive years. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: {NS} And uh back years ago used to belong to the country club {NS} when I played golf and the children were small and they got to swim and so that's out now because we don't play too much golf anymore. Auxiliary: No. Interviewer: #1 It's too hot now. # 105: #2 Don't have any children. # Auxiliary: {NW} 105: #1 Too don't have any too many little children around the house. # Auxiliary: #2 No. # Interviewer: Um Your mother's place of birth? 105: My mother's place a birth was in uh Tennessee. {NS} She was born up in Loudon around Loudon, Tennessee there somewhere. That's where it's on record {X} {NS} Yeah I traced my family back to William the Conqueror ten sixty-five. Interviewer: Really? {NS} 105: Yes I have a complete history of my family that part from ten sixty-five right on up through in the he came over with William the Conqueror he was of Norman-French descent. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And he came in and it uh {NS} which uh he didn't leave anything to us he said that one time the {NS} said that uh in the history of that that's uh {NS} says you don't have to remind English people of the name and the people {NS} that he had sixteen estates and two castles at one time. And of course the next king came in and #1 probably cut his head off and took 'em to give 'em to some of his subjects but uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: but the first. Do you want this now from the Interviewer: #1 Yeah I'm practicing. # 105: #2 {X} # You are? {NW} {NS} I could talk long time on that Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 {X} # {X} Well now the first uh {NW} Beck that was in this country that came over to the United States was in sixteen and thirty-five. That was Henry Beck. And he is his record of coming to this country is in the um Northeastern {NS} territorial history book. {NS} It's in the library that's where I found out some a this. He was shipwrecked off the coast of Maine {NS} he was eighteen {NS} and was shipwrecked off the coast of Maine swam ashore and lived to be a hundred and ten years old. #1 And he had another son that was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: his son. He married um uh fr- uh a lady from uh New Hampshire. {NS} Anne Frost. And uh they had a son named Henry. Henry Junior. And they had uh two or three sons. But one of 'em was a very famous doctor. Rodney Beck. {NS} And his {NS} history like thing is in the same book that gives #1 territories # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 105: I mean about that. I have copies of that with my files of my {NS} there and then Henry had a son named James. And he moved on down into Pennsylvania and he's in the uh Presbyterian church {NS} history there in Philadelphia where we got some information from him. {NS} Then James had a son named {NS} Jeffrey. {NS} Don't have too much on Jeffrey except that he had a son named Jeffrey jr of which is my Revolutionary grandfather. {NS} And he lived in North Carolina and he was a scout. And um {NS} he uh I have s- some records of him in my and his sworn statement. #1 He was eighty-two when he went before a judge # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: {NS} in the {NS} {NW} South Carolina to put in for his pension. And gave a history of what he did during the Revolutionary War. {NS} And that he went in and stayed a while then he came back out and they called him back and then later they called him and he said that he said he was sick and unable to go. And he hired a man {NS} and paid him I believe he said twenty dollars or ten dollars or something to go in his place and his name was Enoch Smith I believe it was. And uh that uh they gave him a letter {NS} uh stating about his stand with the um loyal forces so that if any a them came along #1 they wouldn't take his property # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: {NS} or they wouldn't arrest him that he kept that on and he lived on the main road through there in north Carolina at that time. {NS} {NW} Excuse me. And then uh he uh came into the northwestern uh southwestern part of South Carolina old Walhalla. Which was Walhalla is just across the {NS} the uh line from from Georgia up in Rabun County you know where Rabun County is. Well Rabun County my great-great grandfather Solomon Beck and his brother Samuel were um they moved into Rabun County before it was ever a county. In the early eighteen-hundreds. Now my grandfather Solomon is buried up here in Cherokee County uh {NS} at uh {D: Shock Mount} uh Church um in yeah the church there right just Rock Church on the left as you go before you get to Ball Ground. And uh he is buried there he lived to be ninety-six years old {NS} and uh he my father has told me from time to time when he's mentioned that he uh was cutting wood and cut his foot with a ax and blood poison set up and he died from {NS} blood poison. Interviewer: But not 105: At ninety-six #1 not # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 Of course he was old age too # Interviewer: #2 At old age uh-huh. # 105: but at the same time he wasn't strong enough #1 to # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 offset that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: or something. {NS} and uh then he had a son that's giving you my line of it they had several children but now the the most fantastic part of uh {NS} of this is in {NS} ten sixty-five there was a uh {NW} another man that came over. And uh {NS} heard his name was now you see you go to thinking about these and you sometimes you can't tie the names together. but uh her the {X} he came with them and then there was a lapse between uh {NS} uh ten sixty-five and the early um eighteen-hundreds {NS} that uh Nevilles. It was the Neville family that came in I knew I'd think of it later. And then my grand great-grandfather Solomon {NS} married a Neville of the direct line from the same one that they came across and there was a lapse of some seven hundred years #1 little over seven hundred years # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} 105: in there and then they Interviewer: Just happened to get together. 105: happened to came and br- join in union again. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 105: They were fighting for England and then the they made it up and then they moved out of Rabun County {NS} in the early eighteen twenties. {NS} Uh uh late twenties and and he settled in Cherokee County in eighteen thirty-two whenever they took it over from the Cherokee Indians in Cherokee territory. {NS} And he moved in there in the Ball Ground Militia district. And he lived in that community there until he died in eighteen and eighty {NS} six or seven. {NS} Or something I think is something there near by the latter part of eighteen somethings. And uh his he had a son that was {NS} was Samuel {NS} which was my great-grandfather. {NS} And he fought in the Civil War. {NS} with uh Phillips' Legion. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And uh we don't have too much record of him but I'm still I have someone that I think {NS} has {NS} some uh {NS} news of that I mean has some records of him. He said he had a had a list of all the Phillips' Legions that were buried in Virginia. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: So he could been. He carried his horse with him and saddle so that's one reason he got in there that uh {NS} they would {NS} they would enlist these men that they had their own horse and saddles. #1 They could take them with them and be in the calvary like. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: {NS} And uh {NS} so I'm hoping that I will find out if he is buried in Virginia or where he is buried. Don't know. Interviewer: Hmm. 105: Then my grandfather which is Rector Beck. Uh he was born up there in Cherokee {NS} and uh forty-nine eighteen and forty-nine. {NS} And uh and my grandmother she was a Jarvis and her father lived over in the bend of the river at the end of the place where they where they lived and up on the hill from the house that sits down here {NS} on this road and then you go up on the little hill up there. There's where the they're buried my g- hi- her father my grandmother's father and mother and there's a {NS} #1 iron fence around the two graves with a double-monument there and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: And that's off a the uh route five above Canton there before you get to {NW} on up before you get to {X} Turn off to the right and go back over in the bend a the river. And uh {NS} then my grandmother's buried in Sharp Mountain and my grandfather's buried there by his {NS} grandfather and uh and I have some aunts that's buried there and an uncle. {NS} In that cemetery. I have four generations is buried right there in that cemetery. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. 105: So they were settled in that part there. {NS} So uh then that comes down that uh whenever I my wife {NS} wanted to trace her family back about sixty two or three something like that some ten eleven years ago and #1 I wasn't least bit interested in it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: and I just #1 said I'll go along with it and see what you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 105: about it. So I went with her down to the archives and {NS} she says well maybe you can find something says you look up something maybe you can find something on your family. So I got the eighteen and eighty census and found it up in there in Cherokee County in the Ball Ground Militia district. And uh I uh found my grandfather. And um he was living next door to Solomon. And my great-great grandfather and uh there it was listed he and my grandmother and my Uncle Jeff and Uncle Russel and my daddy's. And then that just set me on fire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: When I saw his saw his name {NS} on some records that was eighty years old. You know that just it did does something to ya. And so from then on I've been trying to get all I can about it. And uh #1 then I've accumulated this other part that I told you about. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: But the odd oddity of the of this how I got this record of him coming over my {NS} ancestor coming over with William the Conqueror in nineteen and forty-one {NS} there was some outfit in Washington was advertised in a magazine family records. So I sent 'em a dollar and got the Beck record in eight in nineteen and forty-one. {NS} And I brought it had all this information in it but it didn't mean a thing to me just #1 a bunch of words you see. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: And then after we found out about this {NS} uh {NW} just sort of remembered that we got that and she got that out and we still got it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And uh we read in that and I read it over again and then I come down to a long toward the last of it find out where {B} came over #1 so I know it's the same one # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # 105: one of from it. So that's that was after twenty years you see. {NS} Held something so ya ya ya see if you don't throw things away. But there's one thing you want to remember that we have learned in ours is to always put a date and place on something. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: There's so many many records that are kept but no dates #1 no places # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 105: things like that. And well you're lost except for names. #1 You don't know where it happened. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 105: And uh so uh I have out here on the show you before you leave out here on the wall framed the a copy of the secession when {NS} when Georgia seceded from the Union. {NS} And there's my uh great-uncle's name's {B} on that. That he was in Congress he was a Congressman for two different times in Rabun County. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 105: And uh when they seceded from the Union it's got the date on it and so forth back there and everything on it it's it's something um Interviewer: #1 I'm real proud of too. # 105: #2 Oh yeah. # And uh so uh then uh found uh that he was that they were born there and then my father he was {NS} then they went into the marble business my grandfather went to Georgia Marble Company in Tate and they moved to Tate. Some time I don't know exactly when but is in it was after that it was in the nineties I guess. {NS} Uh and uh then my father being a young man he uh decided that that he would travel and go from place to place like a lot of that work here a while and get enough of money and then they'd go somewhere else to another place. He was a marble man. He was a a turning lathe man that turned vases and urns and columns and stuff like that on a turning lathe and a blacksmith. {NS} And uh he was a good one too cuz he did all of ours when we were in the marble business down here. Twenty years. He was in the marble business for thirty years. But anyhow he was in uh {NS} uh {NS} up in Tennessee there at uh Loudon where the old Hiwassee River that comes right here heads way up in north Georgia up here and goes on down through into North Carolina and on into Tennessee and through uh Loudon and then it goes and enters into the Little Tennessee and the Little Tennessee of course you know how that goes and uh right on the bank of the Hiwassee River is where Loudon is. So we went in the courthouse and {NS} searched through the files and we found uh where uh um where he got his marriage license and they were married and who the preacher was and #1 there's a copy of that all on record. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 Married in ninety-eight. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 105: {NS} And uh so uh {NW} that was the beginning of that and then later on uh I don't know why you're interested in all this #1 this is going a lot # Interviewer: #2 Yes I am. # 105: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I don't know if they are but I am. # 105: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 I love all this. # 105: Well {NW} anyhow we have made trips to try to find things of our family and uh so we've been into Nashville two or three times to the archives there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And there's where I found out {NS} about my mother where she was born and such as that but uh I uh that's how it come us to go to Loudon on that. And uh {NS} all these archives are so cooperative in thing all you have to do is just give 'em a place or a date and something like that. Interviewer: #1 I didn't know they would have # 105: #2 And they can take # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 105: #2 Oh # they're just the most generous people that you ever saw. {NS} And uh we found out but I found out there that uh her father {NS} my uh grandfather Phillips. She was a Phillips. My grandfather Phillips was uh a sheriff up there at one time for many years. About eighteen or twenty years. And uh he died and my grandmother remarried uh and but in in the records it tells it asks the question where your parents were. So I di- I didn't go any further on my mother's side because her uh her grandfather was born in Germany and her grandmother {NS} I mean well yes from England. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And we just {NS} think that they maybe they just happened to be they came over on the same boat and there they met. And then they came on over into Tennessee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And uh we think that uh. Who's the Pea-Picker that sings? Uh. {NS} #1 He call himself the Pea-Picker. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 You know who? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah Tennessee Ernie. # 105: Tennessee Ernie. #1 We think that we are distant related to Tennessee Ernie. # Interviewer: #2 Ah. # 105: Uh-huh. and uh but uh we haven't traced that to find out anything about that. But uh I I couldn't go any further any deeper with her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: With my mother's side of the family. But I did began come back and I started to search it more here. {NS} {NW} {NS} Then uh we've made trips to Virginia. {NS} Then that's where we found out some stuff about her family. {NS} {NW} And uh North Carolina. We been into the archives in Tennessee and Georgia South Carolina North Carolina {NS} Virginia. All of those and Alabama too. And uh just we didn't keep track of the expense. #1 If we did you'd a quit the second time # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 we went around. # Auxiliary: #2 I know I know. # 105: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 105: So uh we wouldn't do that. But I found in the North Carolina census up there in the records I mean my {NW} great-grandfather Solomon sr had a copy of his will {NS} dated back in eighteen and eighty two or three something like that. And uh then that brings us right on back down to. {NS} Well now let's see I've got that and then uh Papa was uh {NS} in I have a sister and a brother was born in Memphis Papa actually married they finally moved into Memphis. {NS} He worked for a marble shop there. That's all he's ever done all his life you see He was raised up in the marble belt and so he stayed with it. Then he left Memphis and came to Murphy Marietta. And uh I was born over here on Roswell street across from the cemetery #1 there used to be # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: several little houses up there. And I had two younger sisters that were born here in Marietta between I was born in nineteen three and one of 'em was in five and one was seven. Then we moved to Fairburn about nineteen and eight sometime and then I had a sister that was born down there in nineteen and nine the latter part. And another one that was born in nineteen and twelve. Out in another place there but that was that and that was us. Five girls and two boys. {NS} Then in nineteen and thirteen {NS} dad moved to uh there was a demand for man of his ability at uh regal back there where there's blue. {NS} The regal blue marble is quarried in. {NS} And they built a lot of things from it so he went up there. And then we he moved us up there later. I remember we hauled our furniture over and put it in a box car and fastened it and then we all caught caught the street car there in Fairburn and came to Atlanta and then caught the train and came on up to Tate where my grandfather lived and we stopped off there two or three or four days 'til the furniture could get up to Murphy. And then when we got up there I think he had when we all got up there and we all stepped off the train seven children. Interviewer: Mm. 105: And the mother and then met him makes it nine you see {NS} I think he had to get #1 he got about a three-seated hearse to haul us all over to the house. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 He'd already got the furniture # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 and put it in a home # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: and uh put it in the house that we had {NS} and uh then uh we lived there in nineteen thirteen and then we weren't there that was in the fall. And then uh mother died in January of nineteen and fifteen. So you see there was uh {NS} a sister three years old and uh another sister that was sixteen and uh so af- shortly after that was whenever the War broke out in nineteen seventeen. {NS} My sister was married and my brother older brother {NS} which was uh wasn't but sixteen but he told 'em he was eighteen and went on into the {NS} volunteer {NS} and went into the service and I tried to {NS} tried to get in there with him and tell 'em I said well I'm his twin brother. {NS} They they shook their heads and said no. {NS} We can't take you. {NS} And so {NW} {NS} that was that and the topic then {NS} the War broke out and there was a demand for a mechanic {NS} in {X} Virginia the shell factory. {NS} So he {NS} inquired and got the um {NS} the uh {NS} school at Montreat, North Carolina run by Presbyterians. {NS} {NW} and they uh said that uh yes they could they had room for 'em. So they sent all four of our sisters up there Papa was able to pay their tuition and uh board and so forth by working in the {NS} in the shell factory. And then he went to the shell factory in {X} Virginia. And left me in Murphy. And I went to school what time I didn't play hooky. Interviewer: {NW} 105: And uh so I uh until uh nineteen and nineteen the fall of ninety after the War at some time in the latter part of nineteen nineteen. Dad came back to Marietta and uh started in the marble business with a distant cousin. And uh I uh was still in school and then in March of nineteen and twenty I decided I wanted to go in the army. {NS} So I sent the papers down here for him to sign for me and told him that I'd like to go in I think it'd be good for me and all and he wanted me to go on and finish school and he said he's send me the tape and that's where I made the mistake by not #1 going on and finishing school. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 105: And then uh {NS} he signed 'em and sent 'em on back up there and he put on there the correct date that I was born January the twenty-sixth nineteen and three and was seventeen years old. {NW} And I changed the three to a two Interviewer: {NW} 105: #1 and the seven to an eight # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 before I gave it to the recruiting officer. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: And that was my first #1 forgery. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 And the last. # Interviewer: #2 The first. # 105: #1 First and last was right there. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: But I never regretted it a bit in the world Interviewer: Yeah. 105: cuz I got in and I got some of the best training. And from a physical standpoint I think it has been the reason that I'm as active as I am it has helped me to live these seventy-one years plus. And be as healthy and all as I am. And uh {NS} so I spent three years in the service {NS} came out in nineteen th- twenty three. And I stayed in Murphy for a short while {NS} and worked. And then I came back down later on {NW} and started to working with my dad. He was in business with another man so I had I was working just like any other hand and I started s- to uh {NS} setting our monuments. #1 Taking them out to the cemeteries and putting them up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: for them. And uh then I did that for little while then I {NW} went with {D: A-N-P-T} company and worked for them for two or three year {NW} excuse me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Get talking too much and sometimes I get cough. #1 Maybe I am talking too much. # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I know maybe that # 105: #2 And uh # Auxiliary: {NW} 105: {NS} Then in nineteen and thirty {NS} {NW} {NS} I came back with him {NS} and stayed with him until he died. I would sell and set and all like that I did everything that uh I could do for our business and {NS} later on in nineteen and {NS} uh {NS} well it's some time in nineteen right after nineteen and forty we bought the other man out and I had half interest and he had half interest. {NS} And then later on in his later years he lived to be seventy-five like about a week. Being seventy-five before he died he had changed his {NS} the half he gave me half of his and gave my sister my younger sister mind {NS} the other half #1 so I had three-fourths interest and she had a fourth interest. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: {NS} Course nobody was there but me and him so that was left {NS} quite that way. {NS} And uh then {NS} when he died I liquidated soon as I could. I filled every order I had and then we sold the property and uh the machinery {NS} paid off our debts {NS} and uh {NS} then I uh {NS} I thought I was gonna try some insurance and I tried it for about two or three months and I did I saw it wasn't for me because it was something that I didn't care for. And then I uh {NS} went with uh {NW} mr Williams nuh {NS} for a while in the cafe business. {NS} Couple of years. {NS} {NW} And then mr Hornby {NS} wanted me down in his business {NS} and he gave me a {NS} good offer {NS} so I {NS} I changed and went down there with him and {NS} stayed with him almost fifteen years {NS} before I retired I retired when I was with him. {NS} I was sixty-nine I mean sixty-six {NS} in sixty-nine. And then I just uh put in my social security and began to draw that and I just piddle around work #1 a little time here and there and not try to make over what I was supposed to. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: {NS} And uh {NS} then I well while I was in the cafe business I started to thinking what I wanted to do when I retired. And I bought me a piece of wood working ma- {NS} -chinery. And I started that #1 twenty years before I retired. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: And kept adding a little bit along and the children would all ask me says well dad what you want for Christmas? Or what do you want for your birthday? I says well #1 you can't get it so you just give me what yous gonna put into it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: we'll just get it all the money together and I'll buy what I want. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: And I have a dandy equipment. Wood shop and uh I'm real proud of and uh just picked up another piece this morning that I wanted that I'd want {NS} had a belt sander a little {NS} belt sander that {NS} worn out so I bought me a knew one this morning. {NS} I'd ordered it a couple of weeks ago and so I just picked it up this morning. {NS} And uh I'm working on some stuff right there with mr {B} You might know mr {B} He's in the educator he's with the he was with the uh city school for a number of years he is retired from that but he's working in the county school system now. He's over there in the estimates or something where they Interviewer: Finances #1 I think I've heard his name. # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 It's something in finances I heard that. # 105: #2 Uh-huh well it's it's in # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 Purchasing in the that uh # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 Well anyhow # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 if you ever meet him you'll meet one of the finest men you ever saw. # Cuz he is just wonderful. {NS} And we're working together on he at one time he was in the field working for the Atlanta Seeding Company selling uh #1 stuff for them for different schools and everything # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 so he's well-known for that and so # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: we're making some uh #1 stuff for the Hebrew academy there in Atlanta. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: You've heard of it I know. And we're working on that now. {NS} And uh that brings me just about up and we've been married over forty-eight years now. #1 And we're looking forward to our golden anniversary in nineteen and seventy-six. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 105: #1 We # Interviewer: #2 That's a nice time to have an anniversary. # 105: #1 Isn't though? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 And uh how many have you had? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Only five. 105: #1 Five well # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 you have a long way to go then. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 105: And uh we have three children. A boy two girls. And we have eight grandchildren. Five girls and three boys. And one great-grandson two and a half years old. {NS} {NW} So we're blessed. Interviewer: Oh you are. 105: With uh. Well we just blessed with everything. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 105: #2 That's what we'd say # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 105: #2 We just thank God every day for all the good things that he has given us and uh # all that's only thing you can do we {NS} uh we read of all the meanness and everything in the papers and all but there's still good people and {NS} it's just a few that gets in the papers and {NS} #1 get reported # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: but so many people besides that. And our youths are not {NS} gone they're {NS} they're a few that makes you think that what's going to happen to the youths all going to the to the devil and and hell when they die but uh that's just a few. Just because you find the rotten app- #1 in the barrel that don't mean the whole barrel is # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: bad. So and you you can just look around and see how many fine young people #1 and you're in the teaching industry there you # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 105: you know that. That you you'll have two or three maybe in your class that's #1 that's not what you'd like them to be # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: but just think about how many you have in there that are. Interviewer: I know. And so many times the good ones are kind of ignored because of the bad ones. 105: #1 That's that's right uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 And you think only about them who's bad. # 105: Because you have to kind of #1 pay more attention to them. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: And uh Joan has had so much experience in {NS} teaching. And especially with the colored. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: #1 She had two schools in Louisiana that she had uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: all #1 they were all colored # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: she went over into the colored district and uh and taught one year I know and Interviewer: Yeah she's told me about it. 105: Yeah. She's told you all about that so that makes it that way. And uh well that brings us up we moved here. Our last child was born when we was living up the street one lot. She was eighteen months old when we moved here and the eleventh of next month we'll be here thirty-six years. {NS} So it's almost like home. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: One time we have the streetcars in the front yard and the trains in the back yard. Interviewer: {NW} 105: You meant you don't remember the streetcars. Interviewer: No I'm not from here. 105: #1 Oh you're not. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-uh. # 105: #1 Well we used to have the streetcars come right through here # Interviewer: #2 I just moved. # 105: and they took up the tracks and cemented there {NS} and widened the street just a little bit. And uh {NW} that was in the late forties. And uh {NS} We put up with it quite a while but it's it's nice now but you see they talking about rapid transit they headed right here but they didn't Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 105: #2 They took it up # Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm. # 105: #2 thrown it away just like at a lot of other places. # Interviewer: #1 I know living here. # 105: #2 Yeah. # {NS} And uh {NS} I guess I guess that brings us right up to {NS} #1 this particular point now as far as I know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um let me see well I've got your father's birthplace would be Cherokee County is that it? 105: Cherokee County. Uh-huh that's the only {X} you'd say that because there wasn't a town. {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Mother and father's education? 105: Uh that I don't know. My father said at uh one time he went to Waleska but uh I don't know how many how many one or two years at Waleska actually finished his school up at Tate. {NS} Interviewer: Okay and your father was {NS} uh his occupation? 105: He was uh he was a uh marble what you might say he was a marble {NS} in the marble industry. {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: And your mother? 105: Mother was just a a homemaker. Interviewer: Don't say just a homemaker. {NW} 105: Huh? Interviewer: Don't say just a homemaker. 105: A housewife? Interviewer: Yeah. 105: Alright. #1 Housewife and a homemaker. # Interviewer: #2 That's a job. # 105: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 105: #2 But she was. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 She was one of the wonderful wonderful person. # Interviewer: And with what? Seven children? 105: #1 Seven children. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # She worked. {NW} 105: Yeah but she got some help out of the #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh I'm sure. # 105: When we lived in Fairburn {NS} back there when the last my youngest sister was born in nineteen twelve we lived out there on a little farm. But we didn't farm but in ba- in the back of it there there's we always had a nice garden always had two cows for milk for the children. And Papa would raise his pigs every year for his pork meat and uh and the lard that uh mother would have rendered and we'd can and pick berries and have fruit and there was a orchard behind us we'd #1 get all that. # Interviewer: #2 Sounds nice # 105: #1 Oh isn't wonderful? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: And we kept our milk and butter in the well. #1 That's where we got water. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah. 105: Drew it out of the well. When we moved to North Carolina the first time we ever had running water in our house. {NS} But you know back in those days they all didn't have that and all the houses up there didn't have it. Cuz we moved into another house up there that didn't have water. We had a well. Off the back porch. And we moved into another hou- that was the house that mother died in. And then we moved to another house that did have it you see. So I I figure that I've had a a real rich life. Interviewer: Oh yes. 105: And mine is uh {NS} so much that I come up with just so it says that I we've been married forty-eight years and says every once in a while you'll come up with something that you that you did that you never had told me before. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Um Your wife's age? {NS} 105: She is six let me see eight si- sixty-six now. Interviewer: Uh okay that's enough for that. I was gonna ask the first thing on here is to ask you to draw {NS} a floor plan of your house. And just label the rooms. 105: Oh my. That would be quite a quite a chore. Interviewer: Okay you can write on the back of that. {NS} {X} 105: {X} Interviewer: Might be on about three. {NS} 105: {NW} Interviewer: Um these are really hard 105: Uh-huh Interviewer: Would you have a different name for uh something similar {X} {NS} 105: Um {NS} something similar to the {X} Interviewer: Something similar to the {X} 105: Oh. {NS} Okay. {NS} Interviewer: Um the open place on the front entrance {NS} the open place on the flooring {X} 105: {X} {NW} {X} Interviewer: I know. 105: {X} park {NW} {NS} Interviewer: In the fireplace the thing that you lay the wood across. {NS} 105: Well it's iron or the grate for coal {X} Interviewer: What would you call the place above the fireplace where you could put an ornament or a picture? 105: The mantle. Interviewer: {NW} #1 Just like you have # 105: #2 And # Interviewer: #1 right there. # 105: #2 we have three of 'em in our house. # Interviewer: Oh really? 105: Yeah we had one over there and one right there {X} Interviewer: You using 'em? 105: No not now. We did when we first moved here. {NS} We had uh we had a percolating heater in the dining room. We used coal. {NS} But this was an open grate the coal was in an open grate in the front bedroom. Interviewer: Love that. 105: Oh well {X} Interviewer: Um 105: {NW} Interviewer: The big round piece of wood with that bark on it that you burn in the fireplace? {NS} 105: A log. {NS} Interviewer: What would you call the kind of wood that you use to start the fire? 105: Um lighter knot. Uh kindling. {NS} Interviewer: Um How about something you'd get when you cut down a pine tree? Which wood that you could light the #1 {X} # 105: #2 That's called lighter knot. # {NS} Which that that's the heart of it it's real rich. {D: Iron rigs} And they call them lighter knots too {X} It's real {X} It's had a lot of {X} burn quick. {NS} Interviewer: Now it's playing so much of this I don't know. {NS} Um what do you call the black stuff that the smoke might leave in the chimney? 105: {X} Interviewer: There was a {NS} oh this was a fire that burned down and left nothing but 105: Embers. Coal {NS} embers. Ashes. {NS} Interviewer: What am I sitting in? 105: Chair. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: {X} 105: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Um what is the largest um piece a furniture for two or three people to sit on? 105: Sofa. {NS} Interviewer: The piece of furniture in your bedroom that has drawers in it and you can put clothes in it. 105: Desk with drawers. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of an old fashioned people saying anything? 105: A chifforobe {NS} Um we had one of those {X} our first bedroom we had a chifforobe. Open the doors back drawers on one side and you could hang clothes on the other. Interviewer: {X} 105: Oh yeah. {NS} Interviewer: The room where you sleep is called? 105: {X} {NS} Interviewer: Uh What's the general name for tables and chairs and sofas? {NS} 105: General name for tables and chairs and sofas? {NS} Furniture. {NW} Interviewer: The thing that hangs that hangs at the window to keep out the light. 105: Well it could be a shade or a curtain or a drape. Interviewer: And what would you call a {X} {NS} 105: They were a oh they was a curtain. Interviewer: And wooden things outside the window. {X} 105: Roll blind. Shutters. Interviewer: Um a little room off the bedroom to hang you clothes in. 105: That would be a closet. Interviewer: Uh if you don't have a built-in closet what might you use? 105: Well um let's see. to hang #1 something to hang your clothes in? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: I guess it would be a chifforobe. Interviewer: What's the room at the top of the house that's under the roof? 105: The attic. Interviewer: The room that you cook in? 105: Kitchen. Interviewer: {NW} 105: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh What do you call the little room off the kitchen where you can store canned goods and extra dishes? 105: That's the pantry. Interviewer: What do you call a lot of workroom things that you're about to throw away? 105: Trash or something like that uh Interviewer: What would you call a room that's used to store odd and ends in? 105: Storage room I guess {X} Interviewer: What would you be doing if you were sweeping the floor and mopping the floor and um washing the dishes and um straightening up the house? 105: You'd be cleaning up. Interviewer: What do you sweep with? 105: Broom. Interviewer: #1 Okay if the broom # 105: #2 A vacuum # You could sweep with a vacuum cleaner too. Interviewer: You're giving me exactly what they asked for. 105: {NW} Interviewer: This is so hard. If the broom is in the corner {NS} if the broom is in the corner and the door is open you would say the broom is where compared to the door? 105: In the door the broom is in the corner. It would be in the corner. Yes. Interviewer: Asking where's it's location compared to the door? 105: Well and the door was open? And the broom is in the corner? Still be in the corner. {NW} Interviewer: Years ago on Monday women usually did their 105: Washing. Interviewer: On Tuesday? 105: They do their ironing. Interviewer: What might you call um both washing and ironing together? 105: That's uh doing the laundry. Interviewer: Okay and the place in town where a bachelor might have his shirts done? {NS} 105: At the laundromat. {NS} Interviewer: Um how do you get from the first floor up to the second floor in a two-story house? {NS} 105: Steps. {NS} Interviewer: Would you use a different term for those inside the house and those outside? {NS} 105: Well I I wou- I don't think I I would I don't know if there's any difference in 'em. You have a staircase inside and the steps from outside. That's the way it would be. Interviewer: Um 105: {NW} Interviewer: What is built outside the door to walk on and put chairs on #1 {X} # 105: #2 Porch. # Interviewer: Um 105: We have two #1 one on the front and one on the back. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 I built the one on the back myself. # Interviewer: #2 Oh really? # 105: Mm. #1 Screened it in # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 put the top on it and all. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # That's I'd like to have something like that. 105: I've got that. Interviewer: What would you call uh a porch that was big and had columns on it? 105: Uh {NS} It'd be a A veranda some of 'em call 'em the verandas and then porch too you see. Interviewer: Is there any different name for one that would run along the front and the side of a house? Like a {X} {NS} 105: I don't know if there would be any difference there or not. It's still a front and side porch. Interviewer: Okay If the door is open and you don't want it that way you would tell someone to blank the door. 105: Close the door. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 105: Lap boards. {NS} Interviewer: Okay um everyday I take my car and blank into town. 105: Drive. Interviewer: Okay yesterday I blank into town. 105: Drove. Interviewer: I have blank into town every day this week. {NW} 105: {NW} Drove. Interviewer: What do you call um the part of the house that covers the top of the house? 105: The roof. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the little things along the edge of the roof that carry the water off. 105: That's gutter. {NS} Interviewer: Uh {NS} Going up to the roof and say you have a house and an ell. What do you call the place where the two come together? 105: A house and an ell? Interviewer: Ell E-L-L. {X} 105: House and an ell. Well now I don't know if I know that. {NS} Interviewer: Okay what would you call a little building that's used for storing wood? 105: Wood hou- wood wood house or coal house. Interviewer: Okay and a building that would be used for storing tools? {NS} 105: It'd be a tool tool house. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call outdoor toilets? 105: They are still called outdoor toilets. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: any other words that might be used? 105: Well some of 'em use 'em as johns. Interviewer: Yeah. If you had troubles and were telling me about them you might say well blank's troubled too. 105: Um well um blank troubled let's see. It'd be I have troubles too. {X} Interviewer: {NS} Okay now {NS} um {NS} If I ask you if you know a person you might say no {NS} I don't know him but I blank him. 105: I have heard of him. {NS} {NS} Interviewer: If a friend came back to town and another friend had been visiting with him you might ask haven't you seen him yet and you might say no I {NS} 105: I have not. {NS} Interviewer: Then you might be ask has your brother seen him yet and again you'd answer no 105: Not as I know of. {NS} Interviewer: Um of something that you do every day {NS} do you do it frequently? {NS} 105: Well I suppose I do. {NS} Yes. {NS} Interviewer: Uh if I said does your brother like ice cream you'd answer yes he 105: Yes he loves it. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # If i said you don't smoke cigars but he 105: Does. {NS} Interviewer: If a man lets his farm get all rundown and doesn't seem to care you might say to someone who ask I really don't know but he just blank seem to care. 105: He just don't seem to care. {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} you might say that you live in a frame 105: house. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} The big building behind the house where hay is stored and #1 cows are housed. # 105: #2 Barn. # Interviewer: Okay. The building you store corn in? 105: Corn crib. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call a building or a part of a building where you store grain? {NS} 105: Well that would be a storage building o- {NS} guess I guess that's what you'd be a storage. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. The upper part of the barn is called 105: The loft. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Hay piled up outside the barn is called a {NS} 105: Uh {NS} a stack of hay. {NS} Stack of Interviewer: When you first are cutting the hay what do you do with it? {NS} 105: Well you let it dry and then rake it up and haul it in. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know any names for small piles of hay raked up in the field? {NS} 105: Hmm. Nothing but just a pile of hay. {NW} or if it's baled maybe baled up. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Where would a person keep cows? {NS} 105: In the barn. Or in the cow shed some of 'em big ones. {NS} Keep 'em out those cow sheds. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call a place wheres horses would be kept? 105: {NS} A barn. also or a stable. {NS} Interviewer: Um. {NS} Where would hogs and pigs be kept? 105: In a sty or pig pen. {NS} Interviewer: Where did people used to keep their milk and butter before the days of refrigeration? 105: Just like I said when we was living down there used to keep 'em in the spring or else in the wells on the rope. {NS} Interviewer: Um do you remember a {X} near a stream where the spring rose and the water would run through the {X} where you'd sit jugs and crocks of milk and butter to keep them cool? 105: Yeah well I guess that's what they'd call down in the creek where you'd get a cool creek and you'd put 'em in. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the place around the barn where you might have the cows and mules and other animals walk around? 105: That's the barnyard. {NS} Interviewer: Um What would you call the place where you let them go out to graze? {NS} 105: Pasture. Interviewer: Would it be fenced or not? 105: Well it should be anyway. {NS} Back in the olden days they didn't have well they didn't have Interviewer: Mm. 105: Uh {NS} cattle law laws they turned 'em a loose all {NS} but {NS} since there was the law preventing from running wild they had to fence their pastures in. {NS} Interviewer: Um did you ever raise cotton? {NS} 105: No but I picked it when I was a little boy. Interviewer: Really? 105: Yes I did. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Uh # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} What do you call grass that grows up in a cotton field when you don't want it there? 105: Just grass is all always grass still grass. {NS} Anywhere it grows. Interviewer: A cotton and corn grow in a {NS} 105: Field. {NS} Interviewer: Tobacco is grown in a {NS} 105: It's in a field too I guess uh. Interviewer: {NS} Okay {NS} uh what kinds of fence would you have around yards and gardens? {NS} 105: Well um it depends on what are you uh {NS} what you want around the garden I imagine a hog wire fence would be {NS} uh better for that or a chicken wire fence keep the chickens out of it. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What kinds of # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: fence might you have around the house? 105: Around the house you'd probably have a chain-link fence around the house. {NS} Interviewer: Um The fence that's made of twisted wire with sharp points on it? 105: Barbed wire. {NS} And a lot a people don't even know that. They don't. Interviewer: Wow. 105: #1 Modern days. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: Huh? Interviewer: I know that. 105: #1 I say there's a lot a people though that don't know what you that. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 Like that barbed wire. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Well 105: Barbed. Barbed I guess is the way it's pronounced isn't it? {NS} Interviewer: I don't e- #1 I never even thought about it. # 105: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: {NS} Um {NS} can you name some fences that are made of wood? {NS} 105: Yeah you got a rail fence or you get a picket fence. {NS} Or a plain just plain board fences. {NS} Interviewer: Um What would you call a kind of fence made of split rails laid in a zig-zag #1 fashion? # 105: #2 That's # called a rail fence. {NS} Interviewer: When you set up a barb wire fence you have to dig holes for the 105: Posts. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What would you call just one of these? {NS} 105: Um one of the barbed wire? Interviewer: One of the things you stick down in the hole. 105: Post. {NS} Interviewer: What would you call a fence or a wall that's made of loose stone or rock that you can remove from a field? {NS} 105: Well that's just a rock wall. {NS} Interviewer: Uh what term would you use in describing your best dishes? {NS} 105: Well that we uh mo- most people used to call 'em our Sunday dishes but our best. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 105: Company dishes. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Uh {NS} what would you use to carry water in? {NS} 105: Pail. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay would it be made out of # 105: #2 Bucket. # Interviewer: #1 wood or metal? # 105: #2 Wood. # Well it's both. You can get 'em both way. You can get 'em made out of wood I know we used to have a wood bucket that we'd always draw the water out of the well in #1 you see # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: Cuz it was heavier and it would take it and the bucket would go back would go down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: But if you used a metal bucket sometimes you had to put a weight on it Interviewer: Yeah. 105: to make it turn to get full a water. {NS} Interviewer: What do you carry what would you carry milk in? #1 This is all # 105: #2 Pail # milk pail or a jar {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What sort of container do you use to carry food to the pigs? {NS} 105: Um well it's just a {NS} a pail of most any kind of a pail that you'd put it in it to take it down in to 'em. {NS} Interviewer: What do you fry eggs in? 105: Skillets. Interviewer: Okay what's it made out of? {NS} 105: Well it can be made out of well it's metal #1 just some different types a metal. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um what about something that's big and black that you might have in the back yard to use for heating up water to boil clothes in or #1 {X} # 105: #2 Wash pot. # {NW} Interviewer: {NS} Um what do you call a container that you might plant a flower in and keep in the house? {NS} In the house it's a planter called a planter. What would you ca- call the container that you put cut flowers in? 105: A vase uh {NS} Interviewer: Um what are the eating utensils that you set beside each plate #1 when you're setting the table for dinner? # 105: #2 Silverware. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: What are they? 105: Knife, fork, and spoon. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} If you served steak and it wasn't very tender you might have to put steak 105: Sauce or tenderizer on it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: Put tenderizer on it to make it tender uh yeah. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um {NS} what would you put down beside the plate to cut the steak with? {NS} 105: Well would you uh I would probably use a steak knife. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 105: #2 Which is sharper. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: If you had three of 'em you would have {NS} 105: Three. {NS} Had three of 'em? #1 You'd have three. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Three what? {NS} 105: #1 Three knives or # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 That's what I wanted. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # If the dishes are all dirty you say it's almost supper time and before we can have supper we have to have some clean dishes. 105: Yeah. Interviewer: I must 105: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: Okay. After she washed the dishes then she {NS} 105: Dries them. #1 Puts 'em # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 Rinse 'em off and then put dries 'em and puts 'em up # Interviewer: #2 But before sh- # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Okay what do you call the cloth or rag that you use when washing dishes? {NS} 105: Dish rag. {NS} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the rag or cloth that you use in drying dishes? 105: Drying cloth. {NS} Drying towel. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call the small square of terrycloth that you use to bathe your face? {NS} 105: Wash rag. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay after bathing what do you use to dry yourself off with? # 105: #2 Towel. # {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um what do you turn on at the water pipe in the kitchen? 105: #1 Hydrant. # Interviewer: #2 Sink. # Mm-kay. What terms would you use for other things like that out in the yard where you could attach the garden hose? 105: Spicket. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Or where the firemen might hitch up the fire hose. 105: That would be a fire hydrant for the house fireman. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: It was so cold last night that our water pipes 105: Bursted. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} If you stuck a pin in a balloon it would 105: Pop. Explode. Bust. Interviewer: Okay. People used to buy flour in a 105: Sack. Interviewer: Okay. And if they wanted something more than a sack? {NS} More flour. {NS} 105: Uh well a uh {NS} it's uh still be a sack #1 because it's whether it'd be paper or cloth sack. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: Paper sack's small amount cloth sack's for larger amounts. {NS} Interviewer: Um What did molasses come in when you used to buy it in fairly large quantities? 105: Jugs. Interviewer: Okay how about lard? {NS} 105: In a pail or or a carton nowadays. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Um. # 105: #2 You can come in # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # w- uh metal pails you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: #1 It's called lard buckets. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. {NS} What do you use to enable you to pour water from a wide-mouth #1 container into a narrow-mouth? # 105: #2 Funnel. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: You're making this so easy for me. 105: {NW} Interviewer: What do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're riding in a buggy? 105: You use a whip. {NW} Interviewer: If you bought fruit at the store that a grocery man might put them in a 105: Sack. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} how is a fairly large quantity of sugar packaged? {NS} 105: Uh in sacks. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 105: #2 Or barrels. # Back whenever I was in the grocery business. We used to get 'em in barrels around three hundred pounds plus in a barrel. Interviewer: Mm. 105: We had to sack it up for the amount people'd come in there and buy. Interviewer: {X} 105: Oh yeah they used to come in there and buy they'd buy one pound uh our colored customers they'd just come in they'd buy one thing at a time #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: sugar and pay ya for it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 105: Now gimme a pound a lard and pay you for it. Get lard in lard buckets #1 big # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: fifty pound lard buckets cans you see. {NS} To keep that in the refrigerator to keep it from getting too soft you see. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the bag or sack that potatoes are shipped in? {NS} 105: Um they're just sacks. Interviewer: {X} 105: Potatoes. Interviewer: That #1 feed they'd be shipped in. # 105: #2 {NW} # Beg your pardon? Interviewer: That feed would be shipped in. 105: They're shipped in burlaps. Interviewer: Okay or seed? 105: In the s- burlaps sacks too. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} What would you call the amount of corn you might take to the mill at one time to be ground? 105: Well it would just depend on whether it's your corn you could take a bushel or a peck or whatever the case may be however much cornmeal you want to last you right 'til the next time you go. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call the amount of wood that you can carry? 105: Armful. {NS} Interviewer: When the light burns out in an electric lamp you have to put in a new 105: Bulb. {NS} Interviewer: When you carry the washing out to hang it up on the line you carry it out in a 105: Basket or bucket. #1 Whatever the case # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What do nails come in? 105: They come in well now that depends. They used to come in kegs but now they come in {D: barton} Uh used to come in kegs now they come in in uh boxes. Interviewer: Okay. you 105: #1 Keg's what you wanted though wasn't it? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 I well I'm from way back yonder you see. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # {NW} #1 What runs around the bell to hold the wood or staves in place? # 105: #2 Staves. # Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} I'm not sure quite how to get this. What do you can you put in the top of a bottle #1 to keep the # 105: #2 Cork. # Interviewer: Oh. {NS} 105: {NW} Interviewer: I don't even have to think on these you #1 exactly # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 what I wanted # 105: #2 I'm exactly # Interviewer: #1 that's it. # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um what's a musical instrument that you play with your mouth? 105: Um well it's a french harp or a mouth organ. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 105: Some of 'em call 'em that. A juice harp too you know you can take that little juice harp you ever seen those? Interviewer: Uh-huh and 105: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 I play 'em. # And that was the next question okay 105: Oh it was? Interviewer: #1 So that yeah you are just # 105: #2 Oh my # Interviewer: #1 snapping off answers like that. # 105: #2 well I I {X} I will quit # Interviewer: #1 No it's # 105: #2 I'm gonna quit jumping the gun # Interviewer: perfect. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay what are some of the usual tools you might have around the house? 105: Well uh the usual tools for the yard you'd have a hoe and a rake and lawn mower and uh {NS} Interviewer: #1 Talking about hand tools. # 105: #2 a broom # Well you'd want some uh you'd want a yard broom to sweep up with and then you'd have a little spade that you'd want to plant with or a little {D: craw} thing to loosen up the ground around the flowers or something and Interviewer: If I were 105: #1 a shovel and a hoe and a mattock uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Mm. If I were gonna set up housekeeping just me and needed somebody to buy me some tools that I as a woman might need in setting up house? 105: Well you'd need a hammer and a screwdriver and a pair and a pair of pliers. Interviewer: #1 Just about all I had for # 105: #2 {X} # about all you got huh? #1 It's about all you'd need inside # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 If you have a wagon and two horses what's the long wooden piece between the horses? # 105: #2 Tongue. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: This I was asking my father I had never heard of that. 105: You hadn't? Interviewer: Mm-mm. You have a horse pulling a buggy. Before you hitch him up you have to back him in between the 105: Uh the um sheds uh Interviewer: {X} 105: #1 I don't like what's # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: {X} correctly pronounced or not but it's Interviewer: Um for the w- parts of a wheel you start with the inside that's 105: #1 Hub. # Interviewer: #2 the hub. # 105: Yeah. Interviewer: Then there're the spokes that come out and fit into the {NS} 105: The uh wooden rim and then your steel then you have your uh tire on it of steel. Interviewer: You you are {NS} #1 Couldn't do any better if I'd handed you the book and just answered. # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um {NS} on a buggy the thing that the traces come back to in order to hook on is called 105: Shaft. Oh no it's a singletree I guess. Interviewer: On the wagon you would two horses and each one has a singletree. 105: Right. Interviewer: What do you call the thing that both of these are #1 hitched to in order # 105: #2 Doubletree. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: If a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you might say he was doing what? 105: Um delivering the wood. Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose there was a log across the road. You'd say I tie a rope to it and blanked it out of the way. 105: Moved it. Dra- drug it out of the way uh {NS} Interviewer: Uh what's the first thing that you use in the field when you're getting ready to plant? 105: The first thing you use? Well you have to take your you got to turn it first and uh Interviewer: #1 What do you use to turn it? # 105: #2 You can use a # You use a turner or you can use Interviewer: {NW} 105: rake it up you got to you could use a {X} to uh loosen up the dirt and then you can take the plow and with a doubletree on it and bust it open there and leave it tree. And with now in planting cotton and and some of 'em to planting corn in the furrow but planting cotton they go along and they fix that and they get it up on top and then you you run your gear under distribute her down through there and your cotton planter right there behind it to plant the cotton there. {NS} Interviewer: What is it that the wheels of a wagon fit onto? 105: Axle. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call the X shape frame that you lay a log across to chop it into stove lengths? 105: Uh {NS} the X frame I don't. Let me see I used to know what that was but I don't. It's just a horse I guess a X frame um wooden horse. Interviewer: Okay. You straighten your hair with a comb and a 105: Brush. Interviewer: Okay you sharpen a straight razer on a leather 105: Strap. {NS} Interviewer: What do you put in a revolver? 105: Cartridges. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} what do you call the playground equipment that children play on that one child's bouncing the other and going up and down? 105: See-saw. Interviewer: Mm-kay and what would they be doing if they were on this? 105: They would be see-sawing. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call a lumber board that's fixed a both ends that children used to jump up and down on? 105: Now how's that? {NS} Interviewer: A lumber board that's fixed at both ends that children can jump up and down on in the middle. 105: Sticks on it. {NS} Sticks at both ends? Interviewer: Well it yes it's #1 nailed down at both ends and they jump in the middle. # 105: #2 Oh oh # Uh I don't know I've never seen that done. It's just a bouncing I guess I wouldn't know what to say that is. Interviewer: I'd never heard of it. 105: I hadn't neither. Interviewer: Um there might be a plank that's anchored in the middle to a post or a stump. Children get on each end and go around it. #1 What do you call? # 105: #2 That's a merry-go-round. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: When you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it so that children can go back and forth you're making a 105: Swing. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What would you call a container for coal that you keep near a stove or fireplace? 105: That's a scuttle. #1 Coal scuttle. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Would there be a different name for the container you use to bring the coal inside? 105: Well it w- not necessarily because you could use a scuttle to go out and get it ya see. Same thing. {NS} Interviewer: What runs from the stove to the chimney? 105: Pipes stove pipes. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} A small vehicle that's used to carry bricks or other heavy things that has a small wheel in front and two handles #1 in back? # 105: #2 Wheelbarrow. # {NW} Interviewer: Uh what do you sharpen a scythe on? 105: Uh well you uh sharpen the scythe on you could use a use a um a rock to sharpen it or a file if it needs filing. Interviewer: Mm-kay What do you call the kind of sharpener that turns around? {NS} 105: Uh that's a um it's a wheel it's a sand grit wheel. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What do we use for transportation nowadays? 105: Automobiles. {NW} {X} Interviewer: Yeah I know. If something is squeaking to lubricate it you have to do what 105: #1 Oil it. # Interviewer: #2 to it? # 105: Grease it. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 105: {NW} Interviewer: If the grease got all over your hands they are 105: Greasy. {NS} Interviewer: You might take your car into a gas station and ask them to check the water and the 105: Oil. Interviewer: What is it that you use to burn in lamps? 105: Kerosene oil. Used to live I used to have several homes when I was a little boy that we had that was the only kind a light we had was a kerosene lamp. {NS} Clean those {X} {NS} Interviewer: Because they get dirty. 105: #1 Yeah they get smoky if ya don't wash 'em and run 'em up. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Trim the wicks. # Yeah. What might you call a make-shift lamp made with a rag and a bottle and kerosene? 105: That's a torch like uh {X} {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Toothpaste comes in a {NS} 105: Toothpaste from a tube Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If someone's just built a boat and they're gonna put it in the water you say they're going to 105: Launch it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I can't get over how quick you snap these answers out cuz it takes me a long time to think of 'em. 105: Oh no. Interviewer: What kind of boat would you go fishing in on a small lake? 105: {X} or a flat bottom {NS} #1 better they're better because they sit # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: leveler Interviewer: Okay. If 105: I've built one. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 105: #2 Both kinds yes. # Interviewer: #1 Ah. # 105: #2 Certainly. # On Sunday night we built us a runabout here in the back yard #1 {X} It's sixteen foot # Interviewer: #2 Really? # 105: #1 It's sixteen foot. # Interviewer: #2 How # Wow. 105: {X} I cut out all the stuff with it in my shop and everything we just had the grandest time #1 fixing that and putting the firewood on it and # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's a nice # 105: painting it up and everything putting the seats in it and placing Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 105: #2 Yes. # Still got the plans down in my shop. Interviewer: Really? How long did it take you to 105: Oh well we worked on it uh for about three or four months {X} not every day you see #1 because he didn't get the # Interviewer: #2 Well that's not very long. # 105: No it I'd work on it some nearly every day after I come come home from work. And then he'd come up Sunday evenings he had a day off #1 and would even come up on Saturday and we'd work with it and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: and all and then paint it and I got all the stuff together and we put it together and I'd make the frames and {NS} fastened on that even taking the cotton strings and soak them in {NW} waterproofing glue and just leave 'em there and then put 'em in where they come into the bottom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Put 'em in there before we put the vatting across the bottom of it there you see so it would and then when you get wet it's it stick in there then it swell up stop up fixes #1 bottom where it's be leveled and all that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: {X} filled it up. Interviewer: Um {NS} if I ask you where you were going you might say I #1 or when you were going. # 105: #2 {X} # Uh. Interviewer: You might say I blank today. 105: Uh going to town today. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} if a child is just learning to dress himself and the mother brings in the clothes and says 105: Dress yourself. Interviewer: Okay {NS} If I ask you if you think um Lester Maddox is going to be elected you might say no 105: #1 I hope not anyhow. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Um # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you might tell a a small boy send your dog over here I just want to pet him I 105: {NW} Keep him. Treat him good. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} #1 If you had mm # 105: #2 Treat him kindly. # Interviewer: Or if you're having an argument with someone and you wanted to ask if you didn't think you were right about this you said well I'm right 105: Am I not? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} If someone thanked you for a ride into town you s- might say don't mention it we blank going in anyway. 105: We were going we were going anyway. {NS} Interviewer: If you were talking about the old days when everything was better than it is now you might lean back and say 105: The good ol' days. {NW} Interviewer: Or #1 blank the good ol' days. # 105: #2 Yeah. # Uh-huh. Interviewer: If somebody asked was that you I saw in town yesterday you might say no it 105: Wasn't I. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: Was that the right #1 word? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # If a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color she takes along a little square of cloth to use #1 as a # 105: #2 Sample. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: A little girl has on a becoming dress you might say my what a blank dress. 105: A beautiful dress. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Becoming dress. Interviewer: #1 Supposed you remark to your mother Susie's dress was pretty but mine is # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Prettier. {NW} Interviewer: What might I wear over my dress in the kitchen? 105: An apron. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 105: #1 I do that sometimes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 Over my clothes. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. I'm {NS} my father does that a #1 {X} # 105: #2 {X} # Yeah I bake cake {NS} cakes and cook too just the same as Interviewer: Yeah. 105: When we married she couldn't boil water without scorching it. That the way you were? {NS} Yeah but she's a good cook now #1 she taught herself how. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # I've My father is an excellent cook he's better than my mother really. #1 In some meats especially. # 105: #2 Yeah some. # Well I'm I I can cook meats better but she's has a hold. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: #1 She fixes the dishes different dishes of combinations and she's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: just I don't know so much about it. But um I do know and when I was in the cafe I learned a lot about it and taught #1 the cooks that's been there so long how to fix things easier way and more appetizing. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah. 105: So that's {NS} Interviewer: To sign your name in ink you use a 105: Pen. {NS} Interviewer: To hold a baby's diaper in place you use a 105: Pin. Interviewer: Okay. Soup usually comes in a 105: Can. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} What kind of can? 105: Metal. Interviewer: Okay. A dime is worth 105: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay what do you put on when you go outside in the winter time? 105: Coats. Interviewer: Okay. And your coat might have fancy buttons. {NS} 105: On the front. Alright. {NS} Interviewer: Sometimes between coat and the shirt you have another piece of the suit. 105: Coat and shirt would be um. Between the coat and the shirt? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: A vest. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} We're moving right along. {NS} Um a suit consists of a coat maybe a vest and 105: Trousers. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What do you wear when you're working around your shop? {NS} 105: I wear coveralls. I do. {NW} Some of 'em use cut overalls but I have some coveralls that I like to wear they they're roomy and they're cooler #1 because there not nothing clinging to ya. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh suppose you'd come home from work and your wife said about a package lying there the delivery boy from Jones's store blank it here. 105: Left it here. Interviewer: Okay. If it was the wrong package Jones might call and say please {NS} 105: Return it. Interviewer: Okay. That coat won't fit this year but last year it 105: Fit. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Matching coat and pants are a 105: Suit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} If you just bought it it's not an old one it's a 105: New one. Interviewer: Okay If you stuff a lot of things in the pockets of your pants or coat it makes the pockets 105: Bulge. Bulge. Interviewer: Okay. This shirt isn't {X} I hope it won't 105: Draw draw up. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 The one I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: I guess would be the correct word. Interviewer: The one I washed yesterday 105: Shrunk. {NS} Interviewer: Lately it seems that every one I have washed has 105: Shrunk. {NW} Interviewer: If a girl spends all her time in front of the mirror making herself look pretty you say she likes to 105: Look at herself. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} What do you small call the small leather container with the clasp on it that women carry #1 money in # 105: #2 Purse. # Pocket book. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What does a woman wear around her wrist? {NS} 105: Um. Bracelets or watch. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} things that a woman might wear around her neck. 105: A necklace. Interviewer: Okay if it was uh beads strung together. 105: Um be a string of beads. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What do men sometimes wear to hold up their trousers? 105: Belts and suspenders. Interviewer: What do you hold over you when it rains? 105: Umbrella. {NW} Interviewer: Okay um what's the last thing you put on a bed when you're making it up? 105: The last is is the spread. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} Uh at the head of a bed you put your head on a 105: Pillow. Mm-hmm. {NS} Do you remember ever using anything at the head of a bed that was twice as long as a pillow? Uh {NS} well it's {NS} don't know as I remember ever using one but it is it's still a I I don't what to call them rolls it's {NS} something like I don't believe I know what they co- what the correct name for those is but #1 that that is for 'em but it's a # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 105: roll they use up there to put that on it. I don't know what that's called. Interviewer: Okay if I said this carpet doesn't go part a way across the room it goes 105: All the way. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} What would you call a bed cover that's old-fashioned and hand-pieced out of scraps? 105: A quilt. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What would you call a makeshift sleeping place down on the floor that children #1 might sleep in? # 105: #2 Habit. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: Okay. #1 We expect a big crop from that field because the soil is very # 105: #2 {X} # Rich. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} What's the flat lowland along a stream? 105: Called {X} {NS} Interviewer: A field that might be good for nothing other than raising grass clover or alfalfa? 105: Pasture. {NS} Interviewer: Suppose this was some land that had some water standing in it for a good part of the time. What would you call that? 105: That's a well it'd be a land that's a swampy land I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um the place where salt hay grows along the sea. {NS} 105: Seashore. Interviewer: M-hmm. What different kinds of soil could you have in a field? 105: Well uh you could have several different types of soil I guess you could have uh a rich soil or you could have a poor soil you could have sandy. Could be clay. Dark or #1 something like that ya see. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # Suppose you had some land that was a bit swampy and you wanted to put it to cultivation. What would you do to the land to get the water off? 105: First thing you should do is to dig you a dig you a drain ditch through it. Get the water out first. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} a shallow arm of the sea a tidal stream a narrow bit of water that flows in and out with the tide. 105: Um oh my that's back backwaters that's in the sea. Um that goes in and out with the tide. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: I guess backwater's all you could call it that's what I would think. Interviewer: I didn't know that when I first read it. Um a deep narrow valley cut by a stream of water in the woods or in a field. 105: That's a river or a branch or {NS} depends on the size. Interviewer: If there's been a heavy rainfall and rain has cut out a channel across a road or a field you'd call that place 105: Washed out. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} What do you call a small stream of water? 105: A branch. Interviewer: Anything smaller? 105: Creek. Interviewer: Okay. Um 105: Well I think a branch is about the smallest and then you get to a creek and then you go to a river. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Creek's larger than branch. Interviewer: Okay what do you call a very small rise in the land? 105: Um very small rise? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 105: Well that's a knoll. {NS} Interviewer: Um what would you call it if it were a little larger? 105: Hill. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um what do you call the thing you turn to open a door? 105: Turn to open a door? Interviewer: #1 Turn to open the door. # 105: #2 Knob. # Turn a doorknob. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} what do you call um {NS} a rise in the land that's larger than a hill? {NS} 105: Mountain. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharply? 105: Cliff. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place you would call. 105: A cut. {NS} Interviewer: Um okay where boats dock and freight is unloaded. 105: Where boats start to dock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh what would you call a place where a large amount of water falls a long distance? 105: It's a falls. Waterfalls. Interviewer: Okay. Um most of the import roads around here what 105: Are paved? Interviewer: Yeah what are they paved out of? 105: Asphalt. Most of 'em paved with asphalt. Interviewer: What do you call an important thoroughfare? 105: The highway. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a little road that goes off the main road? 105: Well that's a side road or {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} suppose you came to a man's barn down the public road and came to the turnoff going to the man's house. What do you call the turnoff? 105: Driveway. {NS} Interviewer: What about the track you drive your cattle down when you carry them to pasture? 105: That's a that's that's {X} called a gap through in fenced in there {X} that'd be a trailway I guess or something like that. {NS} Interviewer: Uh something along the side of the street for people to walk on. 105: Sidewalk. {NS} Interviewer: If you're walking along a road and a dog jumps out at you and scares you what would you pick up and throw? 105: {D:Far} #1 I can get my hands on I guess. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 What might you find down there to get your hands on? # 105: {X} rock or a stick or whatever the case may be I'd rather have a stick. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: Cuz you can keep that in your hand and {NS} scare it better with that. Interviewer: Yeah. If you go to somebody's house and he's not the- not there they say no he is 105: He's not here. Interviewer: Mm-kay. If somebody came to visit your wife and you met the person in the yard you might say she's 105: In the house. Interviewer: Okay Um {NS} putting milk in coffee some people like it blank milk and other like it 105: #1 Cream. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: Some like it milk and some like it cream. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} Do you have any name for coffee without milk and sugar? 105: Black coffee. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} If you like milk in your tea you say you drink your tea how? {NS} 105: If you like milk in your tea? Say you'll drink it tea with milk. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: And if you don't like milk in your tea you say you drink 105: #1 Take it plain. # Interviewer: #2 your tea. # 105: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 I just want sugar in mine. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: {NW} Interviewer: If someone's not going away from you he is com- coming straight 105: To you. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} If you saw someone you had not seen for quite a while you might say this morning I {NS} 105: Met someone {NW} I haven't seen in long time. Interviewer: Okay. Later on you were telling another friend about the incident and said I wasn't looking for him I just sort of ran 105: Across him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: Or into him ran. {NS} Bumped into him. {NS} Interviewer: If a child is given the same name that his father has you might say they named the child 105: Junior. {NS} Interviewer: Okay or blank his father. 105: Mm-hmm. {NS} Blank father's senior. {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: If you're going hunting you had better take along a good hunting {NS} 105: Gun and a dog. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: If you wanted your dog to ana- attack another dog or a #1 person what would you say to him? # 105: #2 Sic him on 'em. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: {X} Interviewer: If your dog's a mixed breed you call him 105: Sandwich dog I guess. {NW} Interviewer: If he's a worthless dog. 105: He's a just a hound I guess or worthless. {NS} He's a meat-eater. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um what would you call him or say about him if he was small and noisy? {NS} 105: Uh a nuisance. Interviewer: {X} {NS} If the dog liked to bite you would say the boy was 105: Bitten by the dog. Interviewer: Mm-kay. That dog will {NS} #1 blank anyone using the same # 105: #2 They bite anyone # Interviewer: Okay. Yesterday he {NS} blank the mailman. 105: #1 He bit the mailman. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 105: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # In a herd of cattle what do you call the male? 105: The bull Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um the kind of {NS} cattle that you keep for milk. 105: Uh #1 the milk cows. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # In our grandfathers' time what kinds of animals were used to pull heavy loads besides horses? 105: Uh oxens. Interviewer: #1 Okay well # 105: #2 I used # I by the way when I was a kid living for back up there I used to plows have oxens to {X} the field. When I was going to school up in North Carolina. Interviewer: Ah. 105: Sure did. Interviewer: I haven't seen anybody use oxen in a long time. 105: #1 You do you'll find some of 'em in the mountains. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: Yeah. But that was the way it was up there I had there was a pair of oxens I hooked to a {X} out of and turned a great big field with 'em. Interviewer: Hmm. What else might you use to pull? 105: Tractors. Interviewer: Okay but something that's an animal. 105: Oh mules horses and {NS} Interviewer: Um two hitched together would be {NS} 105: A pair. Interviewer: Okay and four harnessed together would be called two 105: Pair. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} what's a little cow when it's first born? 105: Calf. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Is there another name for a male? Little cow. 105: Just a little bull called. {NW} Interviewer: If you had a cow by the name of Daisy expecting a calf you might say Daisy is going to 105: Um {NS} have uh lemme see I would only think you could say she's having gonna have a calf. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call a male horse? {NW} 105: Male horse? That would be a stud. Interviewer: Mm-kay. #1 Animals that # 105: #2 That depends now. # that uh uh a male horse all the male horses are not studs you see. Cuz they have been castrated. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what do you call these animals that you ride? That we just been talking about. {NW} 105: Horses. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 105: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: A female is called? 105: A mare. Interviewer: Okay. If you didn't know how to ride you might say I have never 105: Ridden. Interviewer: Okay. 105: A horse. {NS} Interviewer: If you couldn't stay on a horse you might say I fell 105: Off. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh if a little child went to sleep in bed and found him on {X} found himself on the floor in the morning he might say #1 I must've # 105: #2 He fell off. # Fallen off of the bed. Interviewer: Okay. What are the things you put on a horse's foot #1 or feet? # 105: #2 Shoes. # Metal shoes. Interviewer: #1 The parts of the feet that you put the horses shoes onto would be # 105: #2 Hoof. # Hooves. {NS} Interviewer: Um the game that you play with the horse shoes is called? 105: Horseshoe. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What is a male sheep called? 105: Uh ram. Interviewer: Okay. A female sheep? 105: Doe. I mean uh no it's a is that right a doe though ain't it? No it ain't a doe that's a a doe is a uh it's a is a #1 deer but uh. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: Let me see a sheep is called a golly Moses I can't think. That it's {NS} #1 a ewe I think. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: Ewe yes. Interviewer: Okay what do you raise sheep for? 105: Wool. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um the #1 pigs that you breed with a sow what would you call them? # 105: #2 Boar. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. What would you call a male pig that's been altered? 105: Uh just a gilt. Interviewer: Okay. Um a little one when it's first born is called? 105: Pig. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: When it's a little older? 105: Begin to be a shoat. Interviewer: Okay. When they're full-grown? 105: They're hogs. Interviewer: Okay. What do they have on their backs? 105: Hairs. {NW} Bristles. {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: Um The big teeth that a hog has. #1 What do you call them? # 105: #2 Tusks. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} Do you call those things that an elephant has the same thing? 105: Thing tusks mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Uh the thing that you put in food put the food in for a hog would be what? #1 What do they eat out of? # 105: #2 Trough. # Interviewer: Okay. If you had three or four of 'em for them to eat from you would say 105: Troughs. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you have any names for a hog that's grown up wild? 105: Uh well they're just a wild hog is all I could say that is. Interviewer: Um the noise made by a calf when it's being weaned? 105: Uh a calf. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Uh the noise he he really just bawls. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um the gentle n- noise made by a cow during feeding time. 105: There's a moo. Interviewer: Okay. The gentle noise that a horse makes. 105: That'd be uh I don't know what you'd call it but but he go {NW} Like how you whinny. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Um you've got some horses and mules and cows etcetera so when they get hungry you would have to go out and 105: Feed them. {NS} Interviewer: If you're going to feed the hens and turkeys geese etcetera you have one name that applies to all of 'em the hens and the turkeys and the geese. 105: The chickens. {NS} Fowls. Interviewer: A hen on a on a nest of eggs is called? 105: Setting hen. Interviewer: The place where they live? 105: Hen house. Interviewer: Mm-kay. #1 If it's just a rude little shelter built out in the open? # 105: #2 Chicken house # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: When you eat one what's the part that children like to have so that they can pull it apart #1 Pull bone. # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 You don't get many of 'em nowadays. # 105: #2 That's not for the children. # Interviewer: #1 They cut 'em all in two nowadays. # 105: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: The kind of chicken I buy does I wouldn't have a chicken without a pulley bone. {NS} 105: You buy it you buy a li- I mean uh. Interviewer: The whole. 105: The whole chicken you see you can cut it up. Interviewer: What do you call the inside parts of the chicken you eat the liver and the heart and 105: #1 Gizzard. # Interviewer: #2 gizzard. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 105: Don't eat the heart do you eat the heart? Interviewer: No I don't. {NS} 105: #1 I don't either we throw it away but # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: we save the gizzard and liver. Interviewer: No I don't even eat that. {NW} 105: You don't? Interviewer: No. 105: #1 It good. # Interviewer: #2 I like the # pulley bone and the breast and the thigh 105: #1 Well it's just # Interviewer: #2 and the leg. # 105: #1 us two we never go and buy the # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 chicken breast and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: {NS} I buy #1 I buy 'em together and then I just split 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. 105: Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Um what do you call the part that you sometimes eat and sometimes stuff sausage in? {NS} This is going back to the hogs. 105: Oh oh that's the entrails. Interviewer: Okay. If it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you say it is 105: Feeding ti- chore time. Interviewer: Okay. Um to call cows in from the pasture 105: You just have to call 'em I guess {NW} Interviewer: Or to make them stand still during milking. 105: Yeah just tell 'em to be still that's all. Interviewer: Okay um 105: I tried to milk one one time and she didn't like it it was a young one and she kicked me out in the hall. Interviewer: {NW} 105: {D: Two boys} Interviewer: We used to go and get in line when {X} start milking. Cuz that we the just the best thing in the world was to stand there and let him let him get milk straight from the cow #1 and he was # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah right # 105: #2 Right in your mouth. # Interviewer: #1 in your mouth. # 105: #2 Yeah. # Well this was a young one and uh I was in there to milk her and she di- wasn't used to it and #1 I noticed she was a little bit shy when I went into the side of her and next thing I know I # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: I was out in the hall I grabbed the stool and I started to go in there 'til the man that ran us I was just doing this on the side just uh for the fun of it. And I start got that stool up for her and I was going in there after her and he grabbed me {NW} or I might have hit her and she probably kick me again. {NS} Interviewer: Uh what do you say to a horse to urge him on? 105: Get up. {NS} Interviewer: What do you say to stop him? 105: Woah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how do you call hogs to feed them? 105: Piggy piggy piggy piggy. {NS} Interviewer: Um to get chickens when you're feeding them. 105: Chick chick chick chicky. {NS} Interviewer: Okay if you want to get the horses ready to go somewhere you might say I want to 105: Um harness or harness 'em. {NS} Interviewer: If you're driving a horse what do you hold in your hand? 105: The reins. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NS} what do you put your feet ah into when you're riding? #1 Horseback. # 105: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Horseback the stirrups. Interviewer: Okay. If you have two horses the horse on the left is called 105: The lemme see that's the offside and the one on the right's the lead think. {NS} Interviewer: If something's not right here near at hand you say you say it's just a little ways 105: Off. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} If you've been traveling and have not finished your journey you might say that you had a blank to go before dark. {NS} 105: I'm gonna have to I'd have so many miles to go or. #1 Something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # If something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a special place you might say that you could find that just about 105: Anywhere. Interviewer: Okay. If he fell on the ice and fell this way he fell 105: Backwards. Interviewer: Okay. And if he fell this way? 105: Forward. #1 I get on the ice that's the way I # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I know I've done it so many times. {NS} If I said did you catch any fish you might say no 105: I didn't catch any. Today. Interviewer: Uh a schoolboy might say of a scolding teacher why is she blaming me I 105: Didn't do it. Interviewer: Okay. I hear that a lot. 105: #1 I know you do. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # If someone apologizes for braking your rake you might say that's alright I didn't like it {NS} 105: anyway. {NW} Interviewer: A crying child might say he was eating candy and didn't give me 105: any. Interviewer: Um that boy's spoiled. When he grows up you might say he'll have his trouble 105: {X} Yes he's a brat. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} if you had a a good yield in what you planted you might say we had a big 105: uh crop. Interviewer: Okay. #1 If you got rid of all the brush and trees on the land you might say you did what? # 105: #2 Clearing. # Did a clearing. Interviewer: If you cut them down just to make a row through the woods to a camp you might say 105: cutting us a road through. Interviewer: Um the wheat is tied up into a {NS} 105: a sheaf. I mean a bundle it's uh that's not a sheaf of wheat yeah sheaf. Interviewer: The bundles or sheaves are tie piled up into a 105: stack. Interviewer: Okay. We raise forty blank of wheat to an acre. 105: Bushels. {NS} Interviewer: What do you have to do to oats to separate the grain from the rest of? 105: Thrash it. Interviewer: Okay. If you and another man have to do a job when you told him about it you might say you and I 105: will have to do this job together. Interviewer: Okay. If you're speaking not to him but just talking about him you'd say the job is for 105: he and I. {NS} Interviewer: If some friends of yours and you are coming over to see me you might say 105: we're going over to see Linda {NW} Is that right? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you knock at the door and they say who's there they know your voice so you say 105: it is I. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} If we're sitting here expecting some man who knocks at the door you'd say oh 105: there he is. Interviewer: Okay if it's a woman? 105: There she is. Interviewer: Okay if it's two people? 105: #1 There they are. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um comparing how tall you are you might say he is not as tall as 105: I am. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} You'd say though I am not as 105: tall as he. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Again comparing he can do it better than 105: I. Interviewer: Okay. If a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say two miles is 105: too far #1 to run. # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 105: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Or filling in the blank two miles is blank he could go. 105: Two miles he could run. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} If something belongs to me you would say it's 105: it's yours. Interviewer: Okay. If it belongs to both of us you'd say 105: ours. Interviewer: If it belongs to them? 105: Belong it belongs to them. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if it belongs to him it's 105: his. Interviewer: Okay or to her? 105: It's hers. Interviewer: Okay. Some people have come to visit you and they're about to leave and you tell them 105: um goodbye. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 105: #2 Um # glad to have you. Interviewer: To urge them to come back. 105: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. If somebody's been to a party and started to leave and you're asking about the ramps {NS} you would say where are 105: your ramps. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh asking about people at a party you'd say blank had been there. 105: Uh they have been here. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um if you're asking about some children and asking to whom they belong {NS} 105: Make it in a a pan for either uh muffins or corn sticks or corn corn bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh and you just answered the next thing. Do you uh have you ever had the kind that doesn't have anything in it except cornmeal salt and water? 105: Yes I had some of it not too long ago and I ca- didn't like it so I didn't eat it I just it was she made some because she couldn't use any shortening she wasn't supposed to have any grease Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: and it just crumbles up it just doesn't stay right. {NW} Interviewer: Um are there any kinds that might be cooked in ashes? 105: Um you mean corn bread? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 105: Well it could be if it's cooked in a pan it might could be fried what you might say it like that. #1 Used to # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 105: put 'em on {NS} #1 hot coals and let it and then turn it and keep it turning until it cooks. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what kind is about an inch thick very large and round that you might cook in a skillet? 105: {NW} It's about an inch thick? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And large and might what? Interviewer: Might cook it in a skillet. 105: {NW} Well uh Interviewer: What would you call that? 105: Just cornbread is all. Interviewer: Okay. Um then there's the kind that's small and kinda shaped like this that has maybe onion or pepper. And you fry them in grease and eat 'em with fish. 105: #1 Uh those are hush puppies. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 Couple of onion in 'em too. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh oh yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # That what you had for lunch she was saying she had fish for lunch. 105: No we didn't have any hush #1 puppies. # Interviewer: #2 Mm I love 'em. # 105: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Uh. 105: {NW} Interviewer: There are two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store called 105: bakery. Interviewer: Okay. What is fried in deep fat that has a hole in the middle? 105: Doughnuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um if you take a lump of doughnut dough and dip it with a spoon without making any hole in it do you have a name for it? You just take the dough and put it in without making the hole. 105: Well uh if it's doughnut dough it'd still be a doughnut without a hole in it. {NS} Interviewer: Um suppose that you make up a batter and fry three or four of these at once and eat them with syrup and butter. #1 What would you call? # 105: #2 That's a hotcake. # Interviewer: Okay. 105: #1 Pancakes. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 105: #1 Flapjacks whatever the # Interviewer: #2 If you yeah # 105: Well it depends on where you're living. Interviewer: If you had to go to the store and buy some flour you might go in and buy two 105: two pounds. Interviewer: Um what do you use to make bread that's not baking powder or soda it comes in a little packet and it's usually dry and granulated and makes the bread rise. 105: Yeast. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What are the two parts in the in an egg? 105: Yolk and the white. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And one is white and the other is what color? 105: Yellow. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh if you cook 'em in hot water what do you call it? 105: Boiled eggs. Interviewer: Okay. If you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells into the hot water what do you call 'em? 105: Yeah. Poached. Interviewer: I don't like poached eggs. Um {NS} what do you call the salt or sugar cured meat that you might boil with greens? 105: {NS} Fat back or uh side meat. Streak a lean streak a fat. Interviewer: #1 Okay if it didn't have any lean in it at all? # 105: #2 It's just fat back. # Interviewer: Okay if it had a large amount of lean? 105: We'd call it streak a lean streak a fat. Interviewer: When you cut the side of a hog what do you call it? 105: That's the uh um that's what we call the side bellies. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what kind of meat do you buy that's sliced thin to eat with eggs? 105: Bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: That comes from the sides of pigs. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what's the rim of a bacon #1 that you cut off before you start # 105: #2 Rind. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} You're zipping though on this. The kind of meat that you buy well I've already done that. Um the kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain. 105: Uh sausage. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call a man who kills and sells meat? 105: Uh he's a butcher. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} If meat's been kept too long you might says it's gone 105: Rancid. Interviewer: Okay. After you butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from its head? 105: Makes souse meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I had forgotten about that. 105: {NW} Interviewer: I don't #1 {X} # 105: #2 Pressed meat. # Some of 'em call it pressed meat we used to call it soused meat. Down here they call it pressed meat now. Interviewer: What do you call the dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver? 105: Well uh I don't like it and so I just don't like hog livers and so I just don't know what they'd call that {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of anything being made out of hog blood? 105: No. Never have. Interviewer: #1 I never had either. # 105: #2 The uh # butchers uh slaughter houses don't lose anything but #1 the squeal they say. # Interviewer: #2 I know. # They take everything. Um suppose you'd kept bird too long and it didn't taste good. What would you call the taste or how would you describe #1 it? # 105: #2 Rancid. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Thick milk thick sour milk that you keep on hand is called. 105: Buttermilk. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 105: #2 {X} # Yeah and you make churn it and make buttermilk. Interviewer: Okay. #1 What kind of cheese could you make from it? # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Well you'd just make uh plain cheese I guess on that it's uh would be uh depends on I guess what you put in it to what Interviewer: Mm. 105: you'd call it. Just regular cheese. Interviewer: Okay if you well you probably know this better than I. What do you do to milk the first thing after milking it? 105: Strain it. Interviewer: Um what's baked in a deep dish that has that made of apples with a crust on the top? 105: Pies. Co- Cobblers. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody has a good appetite you might say he sure likes to put away his 105: food. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's me. # 105: Huh? Interviewer: That's me. 105: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay what do you call oh # 105: #2 You don't look like you eating over. # Interviewer: I do. What do you call milk or cream that's mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you might pour over a pie? 105: Uh that's a puddings. Interviewer: Okay. Food that's taken between your regular meals? 105: Uh snacks. Interviewer: Okay. You might say I what breakfast at seven oh clock? 105: Ate. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Yesterday at that time I had already 105: Eaten. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um what do you drink for breakfast? 105: Coffee. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: J- orange juice and coffee. Interviewer: Alright if you're just thirsty you might go in the kitchen and get a glass a 105: water. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you would drink it out of a 105: glass. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Or a cup. Paper cup. Interviewer: The glass fell off the sink and 105: broke. Interviewer: Okay you might say I didn't 105: knock it off. Interviewer: Okay but somebody has 105: knocked it off. {NS} Interviewer: If I ask you how much you drink {NW} you might say {NS} 105: very little. Interviewer: {NW} Okay using the word drink. 105: Uh-huh. Uh I I drink um very little uh. Interviewer: Okay. Then you might ask me the same question what would you say? 105: How much do you drink? Interviewer: Okay. If I said um we had a gallon of water and if between us it was all gone what would you say we'd done to it? 105: #1 We drank a gallon of water. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # When dinner's on the table and family's waiting around for it to begin what would you say to them? 105: Dinner's ready. Interviewer: Okay and if you had company what would you say? 105: Dinner's being served. Interviewer: Okay nicer then. 105: Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Uh if somebody comes into the dining room you might ask him 105: sit here or there wherever. Pick out a place for 'em. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh then once you had told him to sit down he 105: would sit down. Interviewer: Okay. And if everybody was nobody was uh any longer standing they would all be 105: sitting. Interviewer: Okay. If you want somebody not to wait until the potatoes are passed you might say to them 105: um go ahead uh go ahead. Start eating whatever the case may be. Interviewer: Uh if #1 you told him to help him # 105: #2 Pass the potatoes. # Interviewer: yeah. You told him to help himself uh 105: Help yourself to the potatoes and pass 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. If you decide not to eat something you say I don't 105: care for it. Interviewer: Okay. If the food's been cooked and served a second time you'd say it has been 105: warmed over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you put food in your mouth what do you do to it? 105: Chew it. Interviewer: Um did you ever take corn meal and boil it with salt and water and eat it that way? 105: No. Interviewer: What do you call peas and beets and beans and? 105: Vegetables. Interviewer: Okay. Uh would you call them anything different if you raised them at home or if you bought them at the store? 105: No they'd still be vegetables. {NW} Interviewer: What do you s- call a small plot of land near the house where you might grow #1 vegetables? # 105: #2 Garden. # Interviewer: Okay. What's a particularly s- you can tell a Northerner made this up. What's a particularly Southern food that's often served with sausage and eggs that's made out of ground corn and #1 boiled and served? # 105: #2 That's grits. # Interviewer: Yeah. 105: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the dish made from the whole grains of corn? 105: Hominy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um what's the starch made from the inside of a grain that's raised uh in Louisiana or Arkansas or #1 Texas? # 105: #2 Rice. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What are some names for non-tax paid alcoholic beverages? 105: Um I call beverages. Interviewer: Mm-hmm that doesn't pay state tax or they make it up in the mountains. 105: Coca-colas and #1 the soft drinks are what I'd say. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 What are alcoholic beverages though that # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 105: C- #1 corn squeezins I guess they'd call it. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 Bootleg whiskey. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 If it's # not a very high quality and is um very unsanitary would it have a different name? {X} The dog. Injury. 105: Yeah I that's uh now then I can't think of that name what you call it it's uh but um it is um #1 it's still bootleg whiskey but it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: I can't think a what to call it that's not that. {NS} #1 So I'll have to pass that one up. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh if something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nose you say to #1 somebody mm-hmm. # 105: #2 oo that smells so good. # {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you crush sugarcane and boil the juice you make 105: sugar. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh what's if I ask you what's the difference between syrup and molasses uh you might say molasses is 105: {NW} dark and s- syrup's is clearer. Interviewer: What do you call the sweet sticky liquid that you put on flapjacks? 105: Syrup. Interviewer: Okay. Uh this is an imitation of maple syrup it's 105: it's imitation of maple syrup it'd be just an imitation. Interviewer: If it's not imitation. 105: Oh it's pure. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: Pure syrup. Interviewer: What might you read on belts that tell you it's cowhide and nothing else. 105: It uh that's what you read it they're made of cowhide. Interviewer: Um when sugar isn't prepackaged but {X} you say it's sold 105: loose. Interviewer: What do you call the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice of apples or peaches or strawberries? 105: The sweet bread? Interviewer: Sweet spread. 105: Sweet spread oh that was Interviewer: you put on toast in the mornings. 105: Yeah well that's uh and made out oh that would be jellies or jams. Interviewer: Okay. What do you keep on your table to season your food with? 105: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If there's some apples in a bowl and a child wants one he would say 105: may I have an apple? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If he was nice. 105: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 If I # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # One of my granddaughters shes eats apples every time she come and we just buy apples for her. Interviewer: {NW} 105: She loves 'em. Interviewer: My mother does that cuz she says my little girl doesn't get enough fruits. 105: How old is she? Interviewer: She's three. 105: Three. Did you read the paper about this little three year old up here at the lake? Interviewer: No. 105: Yeah little three year old his daddy run the lake up uh run run this place there and he's always cautioned him to never get on the dock cuz if you fall off you'll die. #1 He didn't say you'll drown you'll die. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: Well he was sitting on the bank and this little it was in last week's paper and I don't know exactly what had happened the week or so ago but this uh he was playing on the bank this particular three year old and on the dock was a boy that was visiting somebody there he fell in the water and he ran around on the dock and reached over and got him by the hair that laid down on the dock and got him by the hair and by hand and began to holler for help. Interviewer: #1 This was a three year old? # 105: #2 That # three year old. And he was doing that and he said that uh he uh would hold him there and hollering for help I don't want Joey to die. See #1 that's what he had been taught if you fall in there you will die # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 105: and um there was some commotion out there and so his daddy came out to the door and heard him and he broke off down there right close and just went right on into the water and got the child and gave him and and brought him back to life alright he was just about out and he gave him artificial respiration and uh pumped him a little bit and he was alright and then he was telling his sister about that at the table about he was a hero and she's ups and says second or third time she say I don't want to hear any more about that. But him three years old #1 and save that kid's life. # Interviewer: #2 I never hardly believe that a # 105: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 child that young would have the presence of mind to do something like that. # 105: #1 Well that's was in the paper last week about that in the Marietta Journal. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 on there that's three years old. # Interviewer: #2 That's amazing. # I wouldn't think of my three year old knowing to do 105: #1 Well now if you had told him # Interviewer: #2 something # 105: #1 and you live there close and know he's going to play on this # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah. # 105: play around there and Karen don't you get out on that dock if you fall off in there you'll die. Interviewer: Yeah then he 105: #1 Say you'll drown he don't know what drown means # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah. # 105: he may have taught him to s- to know what #1 uh die means that you're gone you see. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: And that was what he that was his first thought. Interviewer: That's amazing. 105: Isn't that something? Interviewer: Cuz some adults would have panicked #1 and not know what to do # 105: #2 Yeah that's right. # Interviewer: #1 yeah yeah yeah. # 105: #2 Or they'd jumped in and grabbed him right quick. # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 105: #2 I remember we were up there after this boat we was telling you about we made # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # and my son and all we were all up there and my uh youngest granddaughter then not well at the time she was the youngest so this had to too and I imagine she was about she was about uh three or four and uh we was there but all of us was there by the boat and all and she standing on the dock she began to look and look look and she kept looking until she got overbalanced and into the water she went and uh the son and I were in the boat and boy oh we were over that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: windshield we went and grabbed her out of there. Interviewer: Oh. 105: She didn't even get strangled you see. Interviewer: She didn't have that much time. 105: Well it #1 well she wasn't in there long enough and she knew not to breathe you see. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: Cuz she loved to play in the water. Interviewer: You know sometimes I think it's amazing that children ever grow up. 105: That's right. That's right. Interviewer: #1 Because when I think of all the things that could happen to mine and I just # 105: #2 Sure. # Interviewer: it's overwhelming. 105: {NW} So many things can happen is right. Interviewer: Um. If you're Excuse me. 105: Now we'll go back. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} #1 This is nice to get off yeah. # 105: #2 Put these answers for a different huh? # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 105: #2 # Interviewer: It's nice to get off from this sometimes cuz this gets a little boring it's 105: #1 Sometimes but you know if something comes up like that # Interviewer: #2 just question answer yeah. # 105: #1 and you think to mention it and all it's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh if you're pointing to a tree that's a way off in the distance you might say it's 105: so far I mean what I mean is so many feet or distance if I'd say try to tell yards or whatever the case may be that you think it would be. Interviewer: Okay if somebody comes to your door and is asking about somebody who lives maybe 105: #1 next door or # Interviewer: #2 a # 105: #1 ways down you might say # Interviewer: #2 down the street # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: they live further down the street. Interviewer: If I tell you don't do it that way do it 105: this way. {NS} Interviewer: When somebody speaks to you and you don't hear exactly what he said what do you say to him to ask him to re- 105: I didn't understand you. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh if a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about but life is hard on a man 105: that doesn't. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: If you have several peach trees you or a lot of peach trees you have 105: an orchard. Or grove peach grove peach peach orchard yeah it's orchard that's right. Interviewer: Um when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 105: father was rich. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um what's inside a cherry the part that you don't eat? 105: That's the seed. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Inside a # 105: #2 Pit. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm inside of a peach? 105: That's a that's a peach seed. Interviewer: Okay. Um what kind of peach is it where the flesh is tight against the stone? 105: That's a free no that's a oh I was thinking that's not a free stone cuz free stone turns loose but uh uh that's a cling I guess. Yeah. Interviewer: Um what do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 105: Core. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} when you cut up apples or peaches and dry them 105: #1 They're dried fruit. # Interviewer: #2 what do you # Okay. Um what kind of nuts do you pull up out of the ground and roast? 105: Peanuts. Interviewer: Okay do you know any slang words for peanuts? 105: Isn't that goobers? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um what other kind of nuts are grown maybe around here not necessarily #1 South? # 105: #2 Um # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # well we have uh the hickory nuts and walnuts pecans {NS} they're all nice nuts. {NS} Interviewer: Um what's the hard covering of a say a walnut called? 105: It's it's the uh oh I I don't know. A walnut would be a shell. Interviewer: What's another kind of nut that grows down south? I may have some friends in Mississippi who have them they're long and uh flat you make a pie out of 'em. 105: Uh nuts? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Not pecans. Interviewer: Yeah well I didn't mean flat I meant 105: #1 I don't pecans? # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # Yes yeah. 105: #1 Is that it? # Interviewer: #2 That's what mm-hmm. # 105: #1 Is that it? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 I had already mentioned pecans the reason I didn't know whether that was what you mean. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh the kind of fruit that grows in Florida. 105: Oranges and apples and grapefruit and lemons Interviewer: If 105: #1 the like. # Interviewer: #2 you # you had a bowl of oranges on the tables and there weren't anymore you might say that the oranges are 105: gone. Old. Interviewer: Um a small red vegetable that grows you eat the part that's underneath the ground. 105: That's a radish. {NS} Interviewer: Uh the kind of red vegetables that grow it says here on a bush I call 'em a vine. That you slice 'em up and eat 'em on lettuce. 105: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: Had some for dinner. Interviewer: Yeah well uh 105: Got s- I got some plants right out there. Interviewer: Really? I have some that just they haven't done a bit at all. 105: #1 One a these are growing now # Interviewer: #2 We called little # 105: we got some nice ones #1 about this big. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Mine grow about like this and then just quit. What do you call little bitty tomatoes? 105: They uh they're called uh {NS} hmm I had that right on {NS} um what is that called I can't think a that name but it's little. It's a little one I know they use 'em for uh decorating to like more or less. Interviewer: #1 Yeah they put on the tops of salads to make it pretty. # 105: #2 Yeah uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Um if you had steak you might also have a baked 105: Potato. Interviewer: Okay. What kinds of different potatoes can you name? 105: #1 What kind of different potatoes? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: {X} potatoes sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um how about a potato that has yellow inside? 105: Yams. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay something else that grows in the ground and you eat the part mostly that's in the ground and has a strong odor that #1 makes you cry? # 105: #2 Onions? # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 105: #2 {NW} # #1 They love that one down in Louisiana. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: Are you from down that way? Interviewer: No I'm from Tennessee really. 105: Tennessee huh? Interviewer: Uh what do you call the young fresh ones that you eat? 105: Shallots. Spring onions. Interviewer: Um this is another one another vegetable. And a lot of people grow them in their gardens but you can use it in gumbo or you can use it in homemade soup it's green and long and #1 slimy. # 105: #2 Peppers. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Slimy when you cut it. 105: #1 Oh okra? # Interviewer: #2 You might fry it # 105: #1 Okra. # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 105: #1 Okra yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 Uh we eat fried okra but not boiled. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # Oh I don't like it boiled. If you leave a plum or an apple out in the sun it will dry up and 105: make a it'll make a prune. Interviewer: Okay. Um the kind of vegetable that comes in large leafy heads. 105: Lettuce. Interviewer: #1 Okay or the kind that # 105: #2 Cabbage. # Interviewer: Yeah. If you wanted to take the beans out of the pods by hand you'd have to 105: take the beans uh well you shell 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh the kind of large flat bean that you don't eat in the pod. 105: That's a butter bean a lima bean. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh the kind of beans that you eat pod and all. 105: #1 Green beans. # Interviewer: #2 That you break up. # 105: Snap. String beans is what it. Interviewer: Okay. You take the tops of turnips and cook 'em and make a mess of 105: greens turnip greens. {NS} Interviewer: Um the green stuff that you put in salads. 105: Um well you got your lettuce and your celery and um bell peppers onions you could use and and tomatoes chop up. And um croutons on top is mighty g- #1 good to go with 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 105: {NW} Interviewer: {X} If you had two bunches of lettuce you would say you had two 105: heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Okay. If you have two boys and three girls you have 105: five children. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: If you if he had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a 105: big family. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um have you ever used the work passel? Yeah. 105: I beg your pardon. Interviewer: Have you ever used the word passel? P-A-S-S-E-L 105: I don't know as I have. Interviewer: {X} When you pick corn the green covering which you take off #1 is # 105: #2 shuck. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} The kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob is 105: Uh boil cor- I mean it's um stewed corn. Interviewer: Okay. Um what's the thing that grows up at the top of the 105: #1 tassel. # Interviewer: #2 corn? # Mm-hmm. The stringy stuff that you have to get off the corn #1 before you # 105: #2 that's # fodder. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} 105: Make fodder out of it. Sure is a hard job to pull fodder too. Interviewer: What can you make a jack-o-lantern out of? 105: Pumpkins. Interviewer: Um a small yellow crook-neck vegetable. 105: Squash. Interviewer: Okay. Uh different kinds of melons. 105: Watermelons. Cantaloupes. Um some of 'em call 'em mushmelons about the same thing as that. And then you can get your honeydew. Interviewer: Mm. 105: Uh there may be others but I just don't ain't gonna think of that I just think a those three more than anything else you have. Such as watermelons ho- honeydews and mushmelons or cantaloupes. We got another one? Interviewer: No that's that's it. 105: Alright. Interviewer: Fact I think you named more than they had. Um what springs up in the woods and fields after a rain the little white umbrella shaped things? 105: Sto- toad stools it's called. Interviewer: Um are there any kinds that you could eat? 105: Uh well yes it's uh {NS} uh had some on some chicken yesterday. Mush- mushroom. Interviewer: Yes oh I love 'em. 105: Uh-huh. My she takes a a chicken breast and put it in the a boiling uh container and pour uh undiluted um mushroom soup over it. Cook it that way. Oh it's delicious. Interviewer: And tender too #1 isn't it? # 105: #2 Oh yes. # It just. Interviewer: Mm. If a man has a sore throat so that the inside of his throat is swollen you could say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't 105: swallow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um okay what do some people smoke the short white ones? 105: Cigarettes. Interviewer: And the longer brown ones. 105: Cigars. Interviewer: There were a lot of people at the party having a good time they were all standing around the piano 105: singing. Interviewer: Okay and if a funny story had been told they'd all be 105: laughing. Interviewer: Somebody offers to do you a favor you say I appreciate it but I don't want to be 105: obligated to you. Interviewer: Um. 105: Don't want to be just obligated what you might say. Interviewer: Somebody ask you about doing a certain job and you'd say sure I 105: can. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Had one that called me yesterday wanted to build a gate #1 for a cute little # Interviewer: #2 And you said that? # 105: keep a dog in and the baby in too whenever it comes it hasn't got here yet. When she gets older. {NW} Interviewer: That's what we did we started out buying a gate for a dog and ended up using it for the child. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Um If you're not able to do it you might say I'd like to but I 105: don't have the time. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh somebody ask you about sundown to do some work and you say I got to work before sunup and I 105: cannot work after sundown. {NW} Interviewer: There was a terrible accident up the road that there was none need to call a doctor because by the time we got there the victim was 105: dead. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: #1 Did you hear about that # 105: #2 I # Interviewer: accident what was Harrison? Jack Harrison was that his name the candidate that had oh what was his name? It was last week I think that he was in a car wreck there on 105: #1 Oh Henderson. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 Henderson Jack Henderson uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: Yeah I did I saw him I knew I knew his mother back before and his daddy both before they married. Interviewer: I just heard about it on the radio did they ever find out that's an odd place. 105: That was right down there at uh #1 that traffic light you see just hit that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: embuttment the embutt- that embuttment there and and his car bursted into flames and he was dead instantly you see with the flames. Interviewer: Somebody said that he had been forced off the road or something. 105: #1 No that that that's uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: some construction people there and they said there wasn't another car anywhere. Interviewer: Huh. 105: They j- just you see there's where your reporters come in and they #1 try to put words in your mouth or they make up something to make people think and start to talking. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 105: And uh Interviewer: #1 Make it sound more fantastic than it is. # 105: #2 that's correct and # uh they said these construction workers said they was there in thirty seconds and tried to get him out but it was so hot that they couldn't and uh said there wasn't another car anywhere in sight. Interviewer: Oh it's so awful. 105: Yeah I remember Jackie when he just uh growing up I say I knew his mother she was a York they that pick that piece in the Constitution was wrong about Ulma Cox being well she did raise him that was his third wife his daddy's third wife but um his r- his wife was a York girl it Evelyn York that lived right over here on where that store was but they torn all those houses down she has a sister and a brother still living here and and one sister I think's living in in Carleton. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: A fine family. She just died young. Interviewer: Um if a man say is climbing a mountain you might say in that situation how should he behave? 105: Climbing the mountain? Interviewer: #1 Yeah or anything dangerous. # 105: #2 He should # Yeah well he should be very cautious. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Careful. Interviewer: I'll dare you to go through the cemetery at night but I'll bet you 105: won't. {NW} Interviewer: If I get after my child and I'll tell her you aren't doing what you 105: supposed to do. Interviewer: Okay. A little boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 105: shouldn't have. Interviewer: Mm-kay. If I ask you to do something you might say no I 105: cannot do it. Interviewer: Okay. In refusing more strongly you might say no matter how many times you ask me to do that #1 I # 105: #2 I won't # do it. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: When you get something done that hard work all by yourself and your friend was standing around without helping you might say you 105: were no help to me. {NW} Interviewer: Suggesting the possibility of being able to do something you say I'm not sure but I 105: will try. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If or if it quits raining by Thursday I 105: can or I will do that. Interviewer: Okay what kind of bird is it that can see in the dark? 105: What kind of what? Interviewer: What kind of bird can see in the dark? 105: A owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh what kind of bird that hoots at night? 105: Hoot owl. Interviewer: The bigger kind with the deeper voice. 105: {NW} Screech owl. Now you take a talking about in the night? You know uh mockingbirds will sing in the night. never heard 'em? Interviewer: Mm-mm. 105: They used to we used to have a a bush out here on had little red balls on it I've got one thing back {X} and there's thorns on it too they come along and eat those and they find they say it kind of makes them drunk and they'll just sing all night long. Interviewer: {NW} 105: You know if I I wondered how they stayed on something they say when a bird clings to it and then they sit down that those leaders just clamp it just like that just. Interviewer: Huh. 105: That's the reason they don't fall off of limbs and all when they get on the limbs and Interviewer: #1 Yeah but they go to sleep yeah. # 105: #2 and they sit down you see and those leaders will pull so tight # that they won't turn loose until they #1 raise up. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Hmm. What kind of bird is it that drills holes in trees? 105: That's a wood pecker wood uh chuck. {NS} Interviewer: What kind of black and white animal has a powerful smell? 105: Oh a skunk. {NW} Interviewer: Know 'em by any other name? 105: Uh polecat. Interviewer: Mm. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Um what kinds of animals might come and raid hen roosts? 105: That's um a fox or a or a opossum. Interviewer: Okay if you got angry you might say I'm gonna get me a gun and #1 some traps and # 105: #2 kill # Interviewer: go shoot those 105: varmints. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh the little bushy tails animals that run up and down trees. 105: Squirrels I got a lot of 'em across the street. Interviewer: Oh. Have you ever heard of a squirrel called a boomer? 105: No I don't think I have. Interviewer: Um. 105: There are flying squirrels. Interviewer: Yeah. Is there anything that's sort of like a squirrel that doesn't climb a tree? 105: Rabbit. Interviewer: Okay. That might look like a squirrel. 105: Well uh don't climb a tree I got a chipmunk right here in the yard that lives in the ground. {NS} Interviewer: I don't know if I've ever seen one. 105: They're little they're kind of brownish red. #1 And they're about this big and they have a bushy tail on 'em too. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Um if you went fishing what kinds of fish might you catch? 105: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Around here. # 105: around here you'd catch some crappie or brim bass catfish. Interviewer: Okay. Um what is it that you're not supposed to eat if the name of the month doesn't have an R in it? 105: Uh oysters they say but that ain't true anymore. {NW} Interviewer: Uh {NS} if you lived around a pond what might you hear making noise at night? 105: Frogs. Bullfrogs. Tree frogs. Interviewer: Um {NS} what are the little ones called? 105: Tadpoles. Interviewer: Um you have any name for those kind that hop around in your backyard? 105: Toad frogs. Interviewer: Okay. what do you put on your hook to go fishing with? 105: Well worms or crickets. Interviewer: Okay. uh the hard shell thing that pulls in its neck and legs into its shell. 105: Turtles. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Terrapins. Interviewer: Uh and you just answered okay. 105: Was that another one you had? {NW} Interviewer: A kind of thing that you find in freshwater streams that has claws and when you turn over a rock it often swims away 105: #1 crawfish. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 They eat a lot of them down in Louisiana. # Interviewer: #2 Mm yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Those small fin tail sea animals with the thin almost transparent shell that are caught by dragging nets along the bottom of the bay gulf or ocean. Uh 105: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You # 105: shrimp Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay the insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into it. 105: Uh well uh most any of the night flies would be a firefly. Interviewer: Okay this one if you grab hold of it a powder comes off in your hand. 105: Oh that's a moth. Interviewer: Um the things that get in your wool clothes and won't come off. 105: They're moths and um #1 silverfish. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # The things that fly around at night and a little girl loves to go out and catch. 105: #1 Lightning bugs. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: {NW} We used to catch 'em and feed 'em to frogs and they get too so full and {X} they all light up you would see Interviewer: #1 Oh no. # 105: #2 through # Interviewer: #1 I'd never heard of that. # 105: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: See those wild looking lightning bugs. 105: I was with my two grandchildren get out and catch 'em too. Put 'em in a jar. Interviewer: Yeah. Sometimes I'll forget that she has 'em in a jar usually you know she'll catch 'em then I'll let 'em go. 105: {NW} Interviewer: A long thin bodied insect with a hard little beak and two pairs of shiny wings. It hovers around damp places places and eats it's it's own weight in mosquitoes. If you went out maybe to the lake what kind of those big little bugs that #1 fly around. # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Oh my goodness I we used to call 'em snake feeders or something and is that it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 105: Huh. Interviewer: That's it. 105: #1 Oh my goodness they got snake doctor snake feeders. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. Okay um what kind of stinging insects can you think of? 105: Well there's bees and hornets and yellow jackets. Bumblebees well bumblebee and um honey bee Interviewer: A kind of insect that builds big paper nests the size of a football in trees. 105: #1 Hornets. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # Uh the kind that builds small paper nests often on the side of a house. 105: That's a wasp. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} The kind that build nests in the ground and swarm all over you. 105: Yellow jackets. Interviewer: The kind that fly around at night. And bite sometimes they carry malaria. 105: That's mosquitoes. Interviewer: Uh if you're walking in the woods without boots these little things burrow in your skin. {NS} 105: Would it be a leech or something like that burrow in your skin. Interviewer: Yeah or just walk out in tall grass lots a times it'll sometimes you have to come back in and you don't have a mosquito bite you have a another kind of bite. {NS} 105: Oh don't be if I don't know I don't think I've ever had the experience like that. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} what are the insects sometimes green and sometimes brown that hop along in the grass in summertime? 105: Grasshoppers. {NS} Interviewer: A small fish that you use for bait. 105: Minnow Interviewer: Um {NW} this sounds like my house. What do you find stretched across the corners of the room when it hasn't been cleaned? 105: Uh stretched across the room it has a big white? Interviewer: #1 In the corners of a room maybe up here where it hasn't been cleaned. # 105: #2 Oh cobwebs. # Interviewer: Yeah. 105: {NW} Yeah I bet they are. Interviewer: Oh. Uh the part of the tree that's underneath the ground is called. 105: Roots. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} The kind of tree that you tap for syrup. 105: Is uh {NW} maples. Interviewer: Um what would you call a big roof of these maple trees? 105: Uh would it be a grove? Interviewer: Um a tall shade tree with long white limbs and a white scaly bark. 105: That's poplar I guess. Interviewer: What did George Washington cut down? 105: #1 Cherry tree. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: {NW} Interviewer: A shrub whose leaves become very red in the fall and which is poison to some people. 105: Uh poison to some people? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Oh. Interviewer: #1 Ah let me read you what it says. # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Um a very tall bush or shrub with a stem of leaves growing from it that turns bright red in the fall and has a little red bunch at the top it grows on a hillside. 105: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 105: Huh? Was that it? Interviewer: Um what different kinds of {NS} growths are there I just got this last spring that if you walk through it or get it on your skin it makes you break out. 105: Oh poison ivy or a poison oak or. {NW} Interviewer: Uh the red berries that you eat with sugar and cream. 105: #1 Strawberries. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: Cherries. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh kinds of what other kinds of berries just any other kind. 105: Well uh you got uh blueberries huckleberries uh raspberries Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: let's see there's blackberries. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh some berries that grow in the wood are not good to eat if they kill you you'd say that they are 105: uh poison. Interviewer: Uh tall bush with clusters of beautiful pink and white flowers that bloom in the late spring. 105: Uh pink and white flowers? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And it's a bush? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Pink and white oh my goodness I'm in the garden club and can't even think of that. Interviewer: Mountain laurels. 105: Mountain laurel oh yes. Yeah. Interviewer: Uh bigger ones with longer segments of stem these grow further up in the mountains. 105: That's um {NW} mountain laurel and the uh {NS} oh heck been up in there and seen 'em and all but I can't think what they are. Interviewer: Rhododendron. 105: War- yeah rhododendron that's a hard name to be. {NS} Interviewer: Um I was looking to see if I saw one but 105: There's none of 'em around here. Interviewer: No I was thinking about the next one. It's a large flowering tree with shiny leaves and big white flowers that you think of in the South. 105: What is it dogwood? Interviewer: Mm-mm. 105: Big white Interviewer: #1 It's bigger than that. # 105: #2 flowers. # Interviewer: #1 Big tree beautiful tree with big white flowers and # 105: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: #1 shiny leaves yeah. # 105: #2 Oh magnolia I got a big one right here in my backyard beautiful. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Yeah. Interviewer: Love 'em. 105: Magnolia. Yeah there's several across the street. Up here and then I got a big one back here. Interviewer: I wanna plant one we 105: #1 Plant I planted it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: just about this big when I put it in the ground. Interviewer: They grow big fast? 105: Yeah they grow pretty fast. Interviewer: That's good. Isn't there uh some kind of maple that grows #1 reasonably fast? # 105: #2 Yeah I have a maple in the back # that's growing pretty #1 fast. # Interviewer: #2 What kind is it? # 105: It's a white silver maple. Silver maple yeah. Have a Sweetgum back there that's growing too. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: Pretty good. Interviewer: We have a uh 105: Grew so well it's all I got in the back. Interviewer: We have a reasonably new house and I want to plant some trees or put out some trees but I don't wanna take thirty years to 105: Uh-huh. Interviewer: see them. 105: Well now these uh this this silver maple that I've had back there it's been up about four or five years it's tall as this room now Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 105: #2 you see. # Interviewer: #1 And uh # 105: #2 Mm. # when you go out to get your car you can see it Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 right down # there beside the garage. And that magnolia I planted it about ten years ago and it's I guess it's #1 thirty feet high or so. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # That is nice. 105: Yeah. Interviewer: I love them. They're beautiful. Uh if a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she says I must ask 105: um #1 her husband. # Interviewer: #2 She's married. # Yeah. 105: Oh. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 105: #2 must ask her husband. # Interviewer: and if a man if he didn't want to make up his own mind would say I must ask 105: #1 my wife. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # A woman who's lost her husband is called 105: a widow. Interviewer: Um the man whose son you are is called your 105: #1 uh father. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh what did you call your father? 105: What did I call? Well I called him papa most of the time {X} grew up back then we called him papa. #1 And then uh I guess that's what I've called him all the time papa. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: And my grandchildren called him papa #1 cuz I did. # Interviewer: #2 What'd they call you? # 105: Huh? Interviewer: What do they call you? 105: They call me papa. My grandchildren call me papa. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: But my children I mean called him papa. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: #1 And now my grandchildren call me papa and her mama. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah? 105: Papa and mama because her mother well we always called her Mama Manning ya see and all and the children called her Mama Manning and now then the my grandchildren calls us papa and mama. Interviewer: Yeah. So they call her mama what do they call their mothers? 105: They call their mothers mommy #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 and mother something yeah. # 105: #1 Mommy I think some of them call them mommy. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah. If the man whose son you are is your father the woman whose son you are is 105: your mother. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call her? 105: Me I called her mama. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: Mama and papa. Interviewer: Okay your mother and father together were called your 105: parents. Interviewer: Uh your father's father is your 105: grandfather. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And 105: grandmother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: #1 That's the one you want next? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Yeah. # 105: {NW} Interviewer: #1 You're out guessing these {X} # 105: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Um your sons and daughters are called your 105: children. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh a chi- a name that a child's known by just in his own family what would that be called? 105: Son or daughter. Interviewer: Yeah but if you called 'em by a name other than their given name but it was just a family kind of name what would you 105: #1 Like a nickname or something like that? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: Well it'd be a nickname yeah. Interviewer: Um something that on wheels that you can put the baby in and it can lie down. 105: Carriage or a stroller. Interviewer: Uh 105: See you've got a papoose cage in yours Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 car. # Interviewer: Yeah. 105: Seat I mean. #1 You strap that in when you put him in there don't you? # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 Good. # Interviewer: #2 She sits there all the time. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um {NS} if you were telling about their ages and Sally is twenty and the rest of 'em are younger #1 you'd say Sally is # 105: #2 younger # Interviewer: #1 the # 105: #2 the oldest. # Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} and if John were five you might #1 say okay. # 105: #2 he's the youngest. # Yeah. Interviewer: If okay your children are your sons and your 105: daughters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Your children are boys and 105: girls. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: If a woman's going to have a child pretty soon you say she's 105: pregnant. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Or is that the right? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any yeah. 105: Yeah. Interviewer: Um If you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you might send for would be called 105: um {NS} uh what are they handmaid uh oh my goodness. I know that as well as I know my she's a {NS} can't think of it but that's uh some of 'em may go to delivers babies is called a holy cow running off a whole lot of tape and I can't even answer it. Interviewer: You want me to tell you? 105: Hand uh what? Interviewer: Midwife. 105: Midwife I was trying to think yeah midwives. Interviewer: You know it's hard when you're trying to called on to give uh an answer #1 to just pop these things out of your head like this. # 105: #2 Fact that's right like that it's hard. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 Fact I know there's a several where I knew what they were but I couldn't think of 'em that was it. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Uh if a boy and his father have much they same appearance maybe the same color eyes or hair #1 you'd say the boy # 105: #2 they resemble # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 105: #2 # resembles his father. {C: tape distorted} Interviewer: If a mother's looked after her three children until they've grown you say she has 105: raised the- Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. interviewer: okay a child let me see okay a child that's born to an unmarried woman is 105: uh unwed uh interviewer: well the child 105: uh well uh interviewer: would be called 105: for fatherless either they call it the bastard which which is they give that? interviewer: well they give both bastard illegitimate #1 child and then obviously the slang # 105: #2 illegitimate that's what I was trying to think of # illegitimate #1 it would be a # interviewer: #2 nicer # 105: more nice word to say of course interviewer: uh Jane is a loving child but Peggy is a lot 105: {D: uh lacquer} interviewer: your brother's son is called your 105: grandson #1 no my nephew # interviewer: #2 your brother # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: nephew what am I thinking about nephew interviewer: uh a child that's lost both its father and mother is called 105: an orphan interviewer: a person who's appointed to look after an orphan is its 105: guardian interviewer: {D: ow} if a woman gives a party and invites all the people that are related to her you might say she asked all 105: relative parties or relatives interviewer: uh if somebody and I have the same last name and look kind of similar I might say yes we do look alike but actually I'm no 105: rela- not related to her no interviewer: um {NS} somebody who comes into town and no one has ever seen before he would be a 105: stranger interviewer: uh the name of the mother of Jesus 105: Mary interviewer: George Washington's wife 105: um Betsy? isn't it Bets- no not #1 Betsy Ross either it's # interviewer: #2 not Betsy # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: uh Martha interviewer: uh do you remember the song wait till the sun shines 105: Nelly interviewer: a nickname for a little boy named William 105: Liam interviewer: mm-kay or 105: Billy interviewer: uh who wrote the first of the four gospels? 105: mm now I don't interviewer: #1 the first book in the New Testament # 105: #2 {X} # I don't whether that was uh Luke or John Matthew Matthew I don't #1 think # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh a woman who conducts school is a 105: teacher like you and Joan {NS} interviewer: uh do you know where baseball's hall of fame is? 105: uh Cooperstown, New York interviewer: uh if you're addressing a woman named Cooper and she's single #1 what would you # 105: #2 miss # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: okay if she's married? 105: mrs interviewer: mm-kay if she's a women's lib 105: um uh I guess you'd just call her by her first name ms {NS: interview laughs} M-S #1 they use that M-S # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um a name for a preacher who's not really trained he doesn't have a regular pulpit preaches on Sunday here and there and makes his living really doing something else what might you call it 105: you're just a past- part time pastor interviewer: uh have you ever heard the term jackleg 105: oh yes #1 heard of the term jackleg # interviewer: #2 what does it mean? # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # it doesn't tell me in here what it means 105: well a jackleg is somebody that uh for instance he'd come along and would work with me or f- or something like that and he's does what I tell him to he's just a jackleg worker he's he can't do anything without being told of what to do and how to do it interviewer: what would my mother's sister what would the relationship be #1 to me # 105: #2 aunt # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: um you remember who the wife of Abram Abraham in the Bible was 105: oh #1 no I don't # interviewer: #2 starts with an S # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: uh Sarah yeah Sarah #1 I had a sister # interviewer: #2 uh # 105: and I had a sister named Sarah interviewer: yeah if your father's brother were named John you'd call him 105: Uncle John interviewer: uh the commander of the southern army in the Civil War? 105: it's a General? interviewer: which General? 105: oh now was that uh interviewer: was called commander of the army of Northern Virginia but today he's the #1 southern general # 105: #2 Grant # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # #1 no it's uh # interviewer: #2 southern # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: hi- huh? interviewer: the southerners 105: southerners uh now you know you {X} interviewer: #1 took his # 105: #2 Grant was a # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: #1 surrendered # 105: #2 was # interviewer: #1 Appomattox # 105: #2 uh-huh # and uh interviewer: he had a horse named Trevor 105: huh yeah I know I know exac- it's just I can just see it there um cause it was he's on the mountain over there it's and it's stone #1 uh # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: let's see Grant and {D: they met our fan} Lord now what about that mean old {X} can't even remember the #1 General's name # interviewer: #2 ah # you should be ostracized you can't stay here in the South anymore 105: #1 no I'm gonna have to # interviewer: #2 Lee # 105: huh interviewer: Lee 105: Lee sure Lee interviewer: uh if you met mr Patton when he was alive George Patton you wouldn't have said hello mr Patton you would have #1 said hello # 105: #2 said # General Patton yeah interviewer: uh the old man who makes the commercials on TV who introduces Kentucky fried chicken 105: it's the Colonel interviewer: #1 uh # 105: #2 colonel # Sanders interviewer: what do they call a man who's in charge of a ship? 105: Captain interviewer: a man who presides over a courtroom 105: Judge interviewer: uh what do you call a person I might teach? 105: a student #1 a pupil # interviewer: #2 uh # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # a woman in an office who handles the boss's mail and 105: secretary interviewer: a woman on the a man on the stage would be called an actor a woman one would be called 105: actress interviewer: your nationality? 105: um I'm a um caucasian American {NS} interviewer: uh 105: there's so much of that fading away now you know they're marrying different nationalities interviewer: um not too many years ago they had special facilities from schools to toilets to seats in restaurants and buses for whom 105: the black negro {D: colored} Jim Crow interviewer: mm-kay and you just answered this you and I would be called what race 105: caucasi- caucasian? interviewer: a child born of a racially mixed marriage 105: would be a mixed interviewer: uh if you worked for a man how would you address him 105: mr interviewer: white people who aren't very well off um they're poor they're lazy they're no good what would you call them 105: #1 well # interviewer: #2 and they're white # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: um well they'd ca- used to call 'em trash #1 white trash # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: that the answer you interviewer: #1 wanted? # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh somebody who lives out in the country who doesn't know anything about {D: townways} and is conspicuous when he gets to town uh 105: it's called a hick country {NS: hi-} interviewer: if it's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well it's not quite midnight but it's 105: late in the evening interviewer: if you looked at your watch and saw that it was eleven thirty or so you might say we'd better be getting home it's 105: eleven thirty interviewer: you slip and catch yourself so that you don't really fall down but you might say this is a dangerous place I 105: almost fell interviewer: if somebody's waiting for you to get ready so that you can go out with him and he calls to you hey will you be ready soon you might answer I'll be with you in a 105: minute interviewer: uh if you know you're on the right road going someplace but you're not sure just how far it is you might ask somebody how 105: far is how far is it to the place interviewer: if you wanted to point something out to me what would you say when you pointed? 105: uh that object interviewer: if I wanted to know how many times you eat during the day I might say how 105: often do you eat interviewer: um you agree with a friend and he says I'm not going to do that or I'm not going to vote for that guy you say 105: uh I'm not I won't I will not vote for him or I'm #1 I'm I'm opposed # interviewer: #2 mm-kay if I said I # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # I'm not gonna vote for him you might say me 105: I'm gonna I'm gonna vote for someone else? vote for the other party interviewer: uh would you say neither am I or me either? 105: neither am I interviewer: uh {X} the part of your head above your eyes 105: my skull #1 forehead # interviewer: #2 no what the top # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh you might go to the barber and have him cut your 105: hair interviewer: mm-kay when in the morning you shave 105: whiskers interviewer: uh where did the old time school storekeeper keep his pencil when he wasn't using it 105: behind his ear interviewer: if somebody's mumbling you might say take that chewing gum out of your 105: mouth interviewer: he got a chicken bone stuck in his 105: throat interviewer: uh you have the dentist look at your 105: teeth interviewer: he says he might need to fill that 105: tooth interviewer: the flesh around the teeth 105: gums interviewer: uh this part of your hand 105: palm interviewer: this 105: knuckles back interviewer: uh if I hit you I'd be hitting you with #1 my # 105: #2 your # fist interviewer: and what's the place where two bones come together? 105: joint interviewer: the upper part of a man's body 105: upper part interviewer: from waist 105: uh that's just the upper part of him interviewer: uh if I'm looking at mr America and looking at his measurements I might say he has a broad 105: physique interviewer: how do you measure the height of a horse? 105: by hands they're called at so many hands interviewer: you have a left and a right 105: hand arm interviewer: uh the pain ran from his heel all the way up his 105: uh leg {C: car passes} interviewer: uh at the end of y- your leg is your 105: the end my foot interviewer: you have two 105: feet {C: interviewer laughing} I have a yard interviewer: oh I stumbled over a box in the dark and bruised my #1 this part # 105: #2 shins # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: uh when the ground is too cold or muddy to sit on you might squat down like this uh you're down on your 105: haunches interviewer: someone who's been sick a while and is up and about but he still looks a bit 105: {D: puked} {D: or pukey} interviewer: {D: I was trying to see when we're about} oh we're more than halfway that's fantastic 105: {D: that's a pain though I take} would you like a Coke or something? interviewer: well whenever you #1 if your throat's # 105: #2 now you wanna # you wanna stop it #1 and see # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: alright interviewer: now I've forgotten where we were 105: you turned a page on around here interviewer: okay if a person is big and muscular and athletic you say he is very 105: husky interviewer: um if somebody has a good disposition so that everybody likes him you say he's very 105: joyful interviewer: um 105: friendly interviewer: when a boy's in his teens he's apt to be all arms and legs and can't walk through a room without knocking over the furniture you say at that age he's awfully 105: {D: lawfully men} interviewer: a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you say he's a plain 105: nitwit interviewer: um somebody who never spends his money who hangs onto it 105: well he's a miser interviewer: um when you say the word common about a person what does it mean? 105: common about a person well it means that they just common I guess is all that's interviewer: there are a couple of ways you can use it if something's uh you're used to it it could be common 105: yeah interviewer: but if you applied it to a person what would it mean? 105: hmm well he's not so bright or interviewer: uh um if someone's quite quick and active in all her motions you so say that she's quite 105: quite active and and quick yeah interviewer: um an old lady who acts like sixteen you'd say for her age she's 105: frisky interviewer: oh if the children were out later than usual you might say I don't suppose there's anything wrong but I still can't help feeling a little 105: worried about them interviewer: uh y- you were concerned or worried you wouldn't say you feel easy about them you would feel 105: uneasy interviewer: uh I don't like to go upstairs in the dark because I'm 105: afraid of the dark interviewer: a person who gets afraid easily is a kind of 105: frightened easy to frighten interviewer: a place like a dark road along a graveyard is 105: lonesome scary interviewer: she isn't afraid now but she 105: will be later interviewer: the old grain there she ain't #1 what she # 105: #2 what she used # to be {C: interviewer laughing} interviewer: uh if someone had been afraid before you say I don't understand why she's afraid 105: now interviewer: now uh somebody who might leave a lotta money on the table and door unlocked you would say he's mighty 105: careless interviewer: uh there's really nothing wrong with aunt Lizzie but sometimes she acts kind of 105: funny interviewer: uh if a man's very sure of his own ways and never wants to change you'd say don't be so 105: finicky interviewer: uh somebody you can't joke with without his losing his temper you might say is 105: a crab interviewer: you might say I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get 105: mad interviewer: if somebody's just about to lose his temper you'd tell him 105: uh be calm I'm no harm meant no harm by it interviewer: if you'd been working very hard you'd say you were very 105: tired interviewer: if you'd been if you were very very tired you might say you were all 105: tuckered out interviewer: uh if you use the phrase wear out you'd say he is all 105: worn out interviewer: if a person had been feeling well and you heard that she got some disease you'd say last night she 105: {X} interviewer: if she started feeling #1 bad last # 105: #2 oh # interviewer: night last night she 105: was feeling uh well last night she got sick interviewer: um but you don't have to worry he'll be well again 105: soon interviewer: if a person said and um draft and began to cough last night he 105: caught cold interviewer: if it affected his voice and I'm afraid you're getting the same thing #1 what was wrong # 105: #2 well he # he would have laryngitis or horse interviewer: what is that? 105: it's a cough interviewer: I had better go to bed I'm feeling a little 105: puny sick interviewer: uh 105: worn out interviewer: if I say it at midnight I'd better go to bed I'm feeling a little 105: tired interviewer: at six o'clock in the morning I'll 105: hate to get up who don't interviewer: uh the alarm's gone off but he's still sleeping so you'd better go 105: better get up go get up go and wake get him out of bed interviewer: if the medicine's still by a patient's bedside you might say why haven't you 105: taken your medicine interviewer: the patient might answer uh 105: I forgot it #1 I guess # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if you can't hear anything at all you say you are stone 105: deaf interviewer: uh if you'd been working hard and you take off your wet shirt and say look how I 105: sweated perspired if it's a case like that it'd be just plain sweat interviewer: yeah um a discharging sore that comes to a head 105: a boil interviewer: when a boil opens the stuff that drains out is called 105: puss interviewer: um if you have an infection in your hand so that your hand got bigger than what it ought to be you'd say my hand 105: swollen interviewer: uh if you got a blister the liquid that forms under the skin is 105: in the blister it's uh water interviewer: mm-kay if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you went to get a doctor to look at the 105: wound interviewer: uh {X} when a wound doesn't heal clean a white granular substance might form around the edge sometimes it has to be cut out or burned out with alum 105: that's infection {X} interviewer: mm-kay it's something flesh 105: oh proud yeah I've heard of proud flesh interviewer: uh if you get a little cut on your finger what might you put on it to avoid infection? 105: uh just you could put on a uh some disinfectant like um {D: mercurachrome} {D: phthalate uh} interviewer: the kind that burns? 105: uh that's iodine interviewer: uh pills that you take sometimes for malaria 105: uh well I don't know is there a special name I don't know a special name for 'em but it uh malaria uh wouldn't be uh just an aspirin or anything like that it would be something {NS} more as an antibiotic interviewer: yeah if a man was shot and didn't recover you'd say he 105: died expired the way they write 'em on they they put 'em on the reports at the hospital expired interviewer: if you say it in the kind of slangy humorous way you might say I'm glad that ol' buzzard 105: is dead interviewer: um he's been dead a week and nobody's yet figured out what he 105: died with for interviewer: uh a place where people are buried 105: cemetery worked in it for twenty years coldest place in the winter and the hottest #1 place in the summer # interviewer: #2 huh # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the box that people are buried in? 105: caskets interviewer: uh the ceremony at the cemetery is called 105: um graveside services interviewer: okay or the one maybe at the church or the funeral home 105: it'd be uh it'd be just a funeral service interviewer: if people are dressed in black you say #1 they are in # 105: #2 mourners # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: uh if somebody asks you on an average day how are you feeling you might say oh 105: so and so #1 oh okay # interviewer: #2 if # 105: I never tell 'em I'm feeling bad I always {C: interviewer laughing} say I'm feeling #1 good even when I'm not because # interviewer: #2 oh nobody wants # to hear that #1 you're # 105: #2 no # interviewer: not feeling good #1 uh # 105: #2 you know you can # strike up a conversation with some people well how you feeling they interviewer: #1 and they go into # 105: #2 and you've got an hour # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # to listen to an hour of it if you would interviewer: and {X} shouldn't say that if they don't #1 you know if I # 105: #2 that's right # interviewer: say how are you I don't wanna hear um if somebody's troubled you might say oh it will come out all right 105: yeah come out in the long run interviewer: uh if your children are out late and your wife's getting excited you might say they'll be home #1 all right # 105: #2 they'll # interviewer: just don't 105: worry don't fret interviewer: uh you're getting old and the joints are stiffening stiff and aching you say you've got a touch of 105: rheumatism arthritis interviewer: uh a very severe sore throat with blisters on the inside of the throat you don't hear of it anymore 105: infects {D: now does it infect your throat it could be} interviewer: #1 it's a disease you # 105: #2 {X} # interviewer: hardly ever hear of now because they give shots for it but it used to kill a lot of children and they #1 choked to death # 105: #2 diphtheria # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: I didn't know what it even what it was um disease that makes the skin turn yellow 105: um yellow jaundice I guess is that right? I had it when I was a baby interviewer: really? people I this must be coming back because I I've heard of more people having that uh when you have your appendix taken out you say you have had an attack of 105: appendic- appen- appendicitis interviewer: uh when you eat and drink things that don't agree with you and they come back up you'd #1 say you # 105: #2 vomited # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # #1 {D: so say} # interviewer: #2 oh # 105: #1 that's what # interviewer: #2 right # 105: uh Mama Cass interviewer: #1 yes I forgot that # 105: #2 cause uh # Sandy's as she's lying in bed and she's been working hard and wasn't eating right and she might have fallen asleep with some of that food in her mouth and it choked her and then she said that she probably vo- interviewer: {D: how did she die} 105: uh probably died from vomit in the throat you see interviewer: and the doctor used to tell me you know make sure if your child throws up I well I used to put my kid on the on the bed stomach #1 down so that if she # 105: #2 that's right # interviewer: did spit up #1 some it would all come out # 105: #2 that's correct because it that would choke 'em # it could choke 'em to death interviewer: uh if a person vomited he was sick where what made him throw up 105: something he ate I guess interviewer: uh what they're trying to get at is 105: the cause #1 of the # interviewer: #2 you # yeah you wouldn't throw up necessarily because you had a toothache or a #1 headache # 105: #2 it'd be # some food poisoning or #1 something like that # interviewer: #2 okay so he was # sick where? 105: stomach interviewer: say it the whole sentence for me he was sick 105: in he was he was s- he was sick at home or what #1 do you mean of that # interviewer: #2 using the # stomach 105: oh he was sick at the s- sick in wouldn't it sick in the stomach interviewer: okay that's all I wanted #1 to know # 105: #2 yeah # sick in the stomach interviewer: uh she had just heard the news when she came right over to do what to me? 105: to help me or interviewer: uh if he doesn't come I how do I feel 105: I will feel bad I'll feel disappointed interviewer: uh if you both are gonna be glad to see me you would both say 105: glad we're glad to see you interviewer: if you do that again what would I #1 say to my kid # 105: #2 I will punish # you interviewer: um if a boy keeps going over to the same girl's house you'd say he's 105: her regular he's her steady interviewer: uh and she is his 105: steady or sweethearts which is it supposed to they have #1 there? # interviewer: #2 they have # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # a lot of names 105: oh they do interviewer: if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother might say you've been 105: been uh kissing or what do you it's interviewer: uh if he asked her to marry him and she didn't want him what would you say she did to him? 105: she turned him down interviewer: uh but if she didn't turn him down they went ahead and got 105: married interviewer: at a wedding the man who stands up with the groom is called 105: best man interviewer: and the girl who stands up with the bride? 105: bridesmaid interviewer: uh I this one I didn't know a noisy burlesque band playing that comes around to the house after a wedding uh 105: uh serenaders? interviewer: yeah okay if you saw me when you went to Atlanta you might come in and say I saw her 105: in a in the city interviewer: uh if I came over and asked you about Sam Smith and he lived next door and he lived with the Browns you might say he lives 105: next door and or with the Browns or something interviewer: um there was trouble at the party and the police came and arrested the whole 105: #1 gang # interviewer: #2 what # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um what do young people like to do in the evening when they go out and move around on a floor? 105: dance interviewer: four o'clock well okay for us three thirty is the time when school 105: is out {C: like 's out} interviewer: after vacation they say when does school 105: begin again begin next term interviewer: uh if a boy left home and told his mother he was going to school but didn't make it what would you #1 say he was doing # 105: #2 played hooky # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: you go to school to get 105: an education interviewer: after college one could go on to excuse me after high school 105: #1 you go to college # interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um and after kindergarten you go into what 105: first grade elementary interviewer: uh years ago children sat on benches at school now they sit 105: desks interviewer: and each child has his own 105: he used to yeah each one has a desk when I went to school it was two to a desk big desks like this big it was two of us sitting there interviewer: did you sit right next to each #1 other # 105: #2 yeah # mm-hmm interviewer: if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 105: library interviewer: and you'd mail a package at 105: the post office interviewer: if you go to a strange town you'd stay overnight 105: motel or a hotel or interviewer: if you went to a play or a movie? where would you go? 105: theater interviewer: if you needed an operation you would go 105: to the hospital interviewer: uh uh the woman who might come around and take care of you at the hospital 105: nurse interviewer: if you wanted to take a train somewhere you'd go to 105: train depot interviewer: uh right in the middle of Marietta what's that #1 grassy okay # 105: #2 square # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # park #1 it's a park # interviewer: #2 uh # 105: in the middle the square's around it interviewer: if there's a vacant lot on a corner and you go across it instead of around it you're walking 105: across the vacant lot interviewer: um vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire overhead 105: trolleys streetcars interviewer: if you want to depart from a bus you might say to the bus driver the next corner is where I want 105: to get off interviewer: um in Cobb county Marietta is the 105: county seat interviewer: uh {NS} if you're an FBI agent you're working for the 105: government interviewer: Ronnie Thompson is a candidate who believes in 105: shoot to kill interviewer: Okay and another word #1 another way # 105: #2 he's runn- # he's running for governor interviewer: um law and 105: order interviewer: the fight between the northern states and the southern states in eighteen sixty-one was called 105: it's well some of 'em call it the Civil War but it's uh no the war between the states interviewer: um there are several ways of executing criminals #1 if # 105: #2 well # interviewer: you 105: electrocute 'em hang 'em interviewer: #1 Okay u- # 105: #2 gas # interviewer: using that word with the rope 105: a rope #1 is a hang # interviewer: #2 yeah # okay if several of 'em were executed by that method yesterday how would you phrase it 105: they was several what do they say there's four or five hanged yesterday interviewer: uh Albany is the capital of what state 105: New York interviewer: uh Baltimore is in 105: Maryland interviewer: uh Richmond is in 105: Virginia interviewer: and Raleigh is the capital of 105: North Carolina interviewer: uh Columbia is the capital of 105: South Carolina interviewer: and Sherman marched across 105: Georgia to the sea interviewer: Tallahassee is the capital of 105: Florida interviewer: and George Wallace is the governor of 105: Alabama interviewer: Baton Rouge is the capital of 105: Louisiana interviewer: the bluegrass state is 105: Kentucky interviewer: I don't know all these 105: #1 you didn't # interviewer: #2 the bottom # 105: #1 you didn't know all these? # interviewer: #2 {X} # I had forgotten state capitals 105: #1 yeah well I have too # interviewer: #2 you know we never had to learn them # 105: and I have too but at the same time I know those {D: lane ones} interviewer: the southern and #1 eastern states # 105: #2 yeah mm-hmm # interviewer: usually I know the volunteer state? 105: is Tennessee interviewer: the show me state? 105: uh Missouri interviewer: mm-kay uh Little Rock is the capital of 105: Arkansas interviewer: uh Jackson is the capital of 105: Mississippi interviewer: the Lone Star state? 105: Texas interviewer: Tulsa is in 105: Oklahoma interviewer: Boston is in 105: Massachusetts interviewer: Okay and the states going from Maine to Connecticut are called what 105: uh Maine Maine to Connecticut is the New England states interviewer: Okay um 105: we were up there two years ago interviewer: the biggest city in Maryland? 105: uh biggest city in Maryland? it's Baltimore I guess interviewer: mm-kay the capital of the United States? 105: Washington, D.C. interviewer: the biggest city in Missouri? 105: uh Kan- not Ka- Kansas City interviewer: uh this one has the blues name for it it's a song #1 blank # 105: #2 song # interviewer: blues 105: huh? interviewer: blank blank blues 105: Saint Louis Saint Louis oh Saint Louis blues I thought you were still talking about #1 Kansas # interviewer: #2 no # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um the old historical seaport in South Carolina 105: Charleston interviewer: the it's not the capital of Alabama it's the steel making town in Alabama 105: Birmingham interviewer: uh the city in Illinois where Al Capone 105: #1 Chicago # interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the capital of Alabama? 105: Montgomery interviewer: Okay you've named Birmingham and Montgomery the one that's in the south 105: #1 Mobile # interviewer: #2 {D: sea} # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: seaport interviewer: uh it's a resort town in the western part of North Carolina 105: #1 Asheville # interviewer: #2 where our # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the biggest city in east Tennessee? 105: {D: biggest} biggest city in east #1 Tennessee # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # University of Tennessee is there 105: in Knoxville interviewer: mm-kay and the one that's just right over the border from Georgia? 105: Chattanooga interviewer: uh the biggest city in Tennessee 105: Nashville interviewer: #1 not anymore # 105: #2 Memphis # {D: Memphis got bigger than all of 'em didn't they} interviewer: #1 they have # 105: #2 Nashville # used to be yeah interviewer: uh the capital of of Georgia 105: Atlanta interviewer: and the seaport in Georgia? 105: Savannah Brunswick interviewer: um the city where Ronnie Thompson is from 105: Macon interviewer: Fort Benning is near what city 105: uh Columbus interviewer: um the place where the Mardi Gras is held 105: New Orleans well it's held all over Louisiana you know but that's the main one is in New Orleans interviewer: the capital of Louisiana 105: Baton Rouge interviewer: um this is a city in southern Ohio it has the Reds and the Bengals there 105: Cincinnati interviewer: Okay and the largest city in Kentucky? 105: #1 it's Louisville # interviewer: #2 Kentucky Derby's held # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # okay um if I ask you how far it was to some place and you wanted to give me a definite answer what would you tell me? 105: well it's I'd say say how far it is from here to Atlanta I'd say it's eighteen miles interviewer: that's exactly what I wanted if somebody asked you to go with him and you're not sure that you want to you'd say I don't know 105: I can't go out something else to do interviewer: um if you have a very sick friend and he's not likely to get any better if somebody asked you how he's coming along you might say well it seems 105: like he won't make it this time interviewer: if you were asked to go somewhere without your wife you'd say I won't go 105: without her interviewer: if your daughter didn't help you with the dishes you'd say she went off playing 105: hooky or something she was gone off playing when she should've been here washing dishes interviewer: uh if a man is funny and you like him for that reason you'd say I like him 105: as a comedian interviewer: um okay the church that you belong to 105: first baptist interviewer: if two people walk down to the front and gave their talked to the preacher and said and gave their names what would they be doing 105: they'd be joining the church or putting in to join the church #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # in church you pray to 105: pray to God interviewer: the pastor preaches a 105: sermon interviewer: uh the choir and the organist provided good 105: music interviewer: uh you might say the sunrise or the sunset was 105: beautiful interviewer: um I thought I had time but I got caught in traffic and the post office was closed 105: so I missed {X} interviewer: uh the enemy and opposite of God is called the 105: devil interviewer: um what is it people sometimes think they see around cemeteries? 105: ghosts I'll tell you one about that when you get through that about {C: interviewer laughing} cemetery you might like to hear it you might not interviewer: um a house maybe where somebody had died and people were afraid to live there #1 what would they call it # 105: #2 they'd say it's haunted # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # haunted house interviewer: if it's was kind of getting a little nippy outside I might say better put a sweater on it's getting 105: cool cold interviewer: if I gave you a choice and you choose would choose one or the other you'd say I'd 105: prefer this interviewer: um what do you say to a friend if you haven't seen him for some time how do you #1 express your feelings # 105: #2 sure am glad # to see you interviewer: um if someone owned say five hundred acres uh and I said how much land is that you might say that's a 105: um five hundred acres would be that's a farm I would say it'd be a farm of five hundred acre interviewer: um if you wanted to say something stronger or more enthusiastic than just yes if I said do you wanna go 105: I'd say sure I'd like to go interviewer: uh if I said do you think you can do that you'd say #1 I # 105: #2 yes # I think I can interviewer: uh if somebody intentionally disliked to go somewhere you would say he 105: refuses to go or interviewer: okay 105: don't want to #1 go # interviewer: #2 or he # what hated that place 105: would be despised it uh that place interviewer: it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was 105: real cold interviewer: well if you got real excited what might you exclaim 105: well #1 {D: now I at'll exclaim} # interviewer: #2 you're watching a # ball game or #1 something and you're all excited # 105: #2 yes it's # oh well it's uh that was a great play and it's uh something like that interviewer: uh if you got a little upset at yourself for doing something stupid what might you #1 say to yourself # 105: #2 well I'm # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # uh I'm just plain stupid {C: interviewer laughing} to do a thing like that interviewer: uh when you meet somebody how would you what would probably what would you probably say if you met me 105: well uh you mean for the first time? interviewer: well #1 no we just met down the # 105: #2 uh well I # interviewer: #1 walking down the street # 105: #2 uh oh # and uh already knew you? interviewer: mm-hmm 105: well I'd just wanna speak to him says how do you do I'm so glad to see you interviewer: um if somebody said to you how are uh well Okay if we met and I said good morning you might say 105: good morning interviewer: uh if somebody's leaving after a visit what might you tell them 105: well we was glad to have you won't you come back interviewer: um on December twenty-fifth what would you get up and say to someone 105: Merry Christmas interviewer: mm-kay how about January first? 105: well Happy New Year interviewer: uh instead of saying thank you to somebody in appreciation you might say I'm much 105: uh much uh interviewer: if I did you a favor instead of just saying thank you you might say thank you I'm much 105: much uh oh my goodness I'd say well thank you very much I appreciate that interviewer: if you're not sure whether you'll have time to do something you might say I 105: I'm I'm pushed now but I'll try to do it later interviewer: uh if I wanted to go to Cobb Center I'd go to Cobb Center to do some 105: shopping interviewer: if I make a purchase the lady I'm buying it from would #1 take a piece of paper # 105: #2 {D: sells it} # interviewer: and 105: write it make a note out of it interviewer: mm-kay if I took it to the gift wrap department what would they do 105: they would wrap it for you interviewer: uh then when I got home if I wanted to take the paper off what would I do? 105: unwrap it interviewer: if a storekeeper sold something for two dollars that he had paid two fifty for he'd be selling it 105: at a loss interviewer: uh you admire something but don't have enough money to buy it you might say I like it but it 105: costs more than I got interviewer: if it's time to pay your bills you might say the bills are 105: due interviewer: if you belong to a club you have to pay the 105: dues interviewer: if you didn't have any money you'd go to a friend and try to 105: borrow {C: pronunciation} interviewer: uh in the thirties money was 105: scarce hard to get interviewer: um if we're at the swimming pool and we're watching somebody jump from a high board into the water #1 {D: he or hers} # 105: #2 diving # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: if you dive in and hit the water flat what do you call that 105: that's a belly buster I don't know what they've got there but that's what I'd call it interviewer: when children go outside maybe and turn head over heels what are they 105: #1 that's a somersault # interviewer: #2 doing # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if I wanted to get from one side of the river to the other side what would I do? 105: you'd either swim or row a boat #1 across # interviewer: #2 I'd have to # swim {NW} um after somebody was out in the river and they went down for the third time you'd say 105: they drowned interviewer: uh what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 105: crawl interviewer: you saw something up in a tree and you wanted to take a closer look at it so you went over to the tree and 105: looked up? interviewer: okay it but you had to get up there to get it 105: I'd have to climb the tree interviewer: if uh a man wanted to hide behind a low fence what would he be #1 doing? # 105: #2 scrooching # down interviewer: a little child saying his prayers would go over beside his bed and 105: kneel interviewer: if I'm feeling tired I might go over to the couch and 105: lie down interviewer: uh if I did that all morning I would have been 105: lazy of course interviewer: uh if you were talking about something that you saw in your sleep you'd say this is what I 105: dreamed interviewer: um I dreamed I was falling but just as I was about to hit the ground I 105: woke up they say if you dream and fall and hit you're dead interviewer: aw {NW} if you bring your foot down heavy on the fall on the floor what is this 105: stomping interviewer: um if a man meets a girl at a dance and he wants to co- excuse me to go home with her he would say to her may I 105: escort you home interviewer: to get a boat from the water up onto land you take a rope and you tie a rope to the bow and 105: pull it interviewer: uh if your car were stuck you'd ask somebody to get his car behind you and give you a 105: push interviewer: if you carried a very heavy suitcase a long distance instead of saying I carried it you could say I 105: toted it? interviewer: you might tell a child that stove is very hot so 105: don't touch it interviewer: if you needed a hammer you'd say to someone 105: bring me a hammer? #1 or hand me a hammer # interviewer: #2 and # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # playing tag what's the tree against which the children hold their hands and be safe 105: base home base interviewer: if I threw a ball I'd ask you to 105: catch it interviewer: uh I threw the ball and he 105: caught it interviewer: I've been fishing for trout but I haven't 105: caught a one interviewer: let's meet in town if I get there first I'll 105: wait for you interviewer: um a child wanted to get out of a spanking might say {C: car passing} 105: I didn't do that {C: car passing} interviewer: okay uh 105: you have that trouble in #1 school too # interviewer: #2 mm # 105: and I they didn't do it but you saw 'em #1 do it # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or if he wants you to try him again he might say what 105: um trust me again or uh give me another chance interviewer: uh if a man's in a very good mood you might say he is in a very good 105: mood humor? interviewer: uh if you have a hired man who keeps on loafing all the time you might decide to discharge him and you'd say to a friend of yours I think I'm going to 105: fire him interviewer: uh you might say about someone he really didn't know what was going on but 105: you thought he did? interviewer: or he what he knew it all 105: he knew it all yeah uh well he's smart uh thinks he knows it all interviewer: um if somebody stole your pencil what slang word might you use tee did what to it 105: um he stole my pencil a crook interviewer: if you had forgotten about something but it crosses your mind you'd say you 105: forgot #1 I # interviewer: #2 and then # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: uh 105: now then it's going again interviewer: oh 105: yep interviewer: okay if you just thought of something that you hadn't thought about in a long time you might say I just now 105: remembered interviewer: uh you might say to me though well you must have a better memory than I do because I sure don't 105: I don't I didn't think of this or interviewer: uh if you sat down to correspond with your friend you would 105: write #1 a letter # interviewer: #2 Okay # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # yesterday you 105: wrote it interviewer: Okay and tomorrow I you'll 105: mail it interviewer: uh if you write with the expectation of having your friend write back then you expect an 105: an answer interviewer: uh you put the letter in the envelope and then you take the pen and 105: #1 address it # interviewer: #2 you what # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: address it interviewer: uh you might say I know he lives in Atlanta but I don't know his 105: address interviewer: if a little boy has learned to do something new for instance if he's learned to whistle and you want to know where he learned that you would ask him who 105: taught you that interviewer: uh someone asks you if you put up a new fence yet you might say no but I 105: planning to interviewer: what do children call somebody who's always running and telling on others? 105: tattle tale {NW} interviewer: if you wanted a bouquet for the din- dining room table you might go out in the garden and 105: gather some flowers interviewer: um things that children play with 105: toys interviewer: if something happened that you expected predicted or were afraid were going to happen for example a child hurts himself while doing something dangerous you might say 105: I warned him about the danger interviewer: uh if you gave if you were to give me a book I you might say that's the book I 105: bought for you interviewer: okay or the act #1 of handing # 105: #2 oh # handing it to you which I present to you interviewer: um I'm glad I carried my umbrella we hadn't gone half a block when it 105: started to rain interviewer: uh a word that begins with B that means the same thing as start it would be you might ask a an usher in a theater what time does the show 105: begin interviewer: uh horses gallop but people 105: walk #1 or run # interviewer: #2 faster # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh if we were to run a mile every day you might say we did what 105: well we ran that mile interviewer: uh if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he 105: where was he born interviewer: or where does he 105: live interviewer: but if you ask where he was he's originally from 105: oh where's he from would be yeah interviewer: Okay um if you see me right now you might say I s- what you yesterday 105: I saw you interviewer: uh but I hadn't what you before 105: I hadn't seen you before interviewer: uh you can't get through there the highway department's got their machines in the road's all 105: blocked interviewer: yes that's near me if you give somebody a bracelet you might say why don't you 105: wear this interviewer: the opposite of take it off is 105: putting it on interviewer: uh if I ask you why don't you cook dinner I might say well why don't you 105: cook cook dinner or cook the meal interviewer: if you're sitting with a friend not saying anything and all of a sudden he asks you what did you say you might say well I said 105: what I said was so and so and so and #1 so # interviewer: #2 but # if you had not said anything 105: uh or I have not said anything interviewer: uh all I ask you what's new and you'd shrug your shoulders and shake #1 your head # 105: #2 nothing # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # nothing new interviewer: uh then I might say come now there must be 105: something new interviewer: uh I might say I've never heard I'll 105: this for or that interviewer: if you've lived in town all your life and somebody asks you have you lived here long you'd say well #1 I've # 105: #2 all # all my life interviewer: okay or #1 I've # 105: #2 so # many years interviewer: for how long 105: ten years say or twenty interviewer: uh if uh I got thrown by a horse once and I've been scared of horses ever 105: since interviewer: uh if you didn't if it was not an accident then the man did it 105: purpose interviewer: uh if you wanted to question someone uh what would you do? 105: I'd ask him the questions interviewer: if you did that several times he would say you've been 105: uh nosing or interviewer: okay little boys when they're together too long always end up 105: fighting quarreling interviewer: uh a funny picture's on the blackboard the teacher might ask who 105: drew this picture interviewer: if you're going to lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might reuse pulley blocks and a rope to 105: pull it up interviewer: this is the real hard part 105: oh it is? interviewer: yes would you slowly count from one to twenty 105: would I interviewer: uh-huh 105: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty interviewer: okay 105: was that fa- slow enough? interviewer: that was good yeah uh what number comes after twenty-six? 105: seven twenty-seven interviewer: two times ten is 105: twenty interviewer: the number after twenty-nine? 105: thirty interviewer: after thirty-nine 105: forty interviewer: uh the number after sixty-nine 105: seventy interviewer: after ninety-nine 105: one hundred interviewer: after nine hundred ninety-nine 105: one thousand interviewer: uh if there's a line of men standing somewhere you'd say the man at the head of the line is the 105: leader interviewer: okay or numerically he's 105: number one interviewer: uh when a child is six years old they enter what grade? 105: first grade interviewer: then they go into 105: the second interviewer: then the 105: third interviewer: then 105: fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh and twelfth that's it finishes up that part #1 then he goes to # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: college interviewer: yeah if he's learning 105: #1 if he # interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: does yeah if he's learning interviewer: uh sometimes you feel that you get your look good luck just a little of the time but your bad luck seems to come 105: more often interviewer: #1 uh # 105: #2 {D: or in bottles} # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # interviewer: last year I got twenty bushels to the acre this year I got forty bushels this year's crop was just 105: plentiful interviewer: uh now another hard part name the months of the year 105: name the months of the year January February March April May June July August September October November December interviewer: okay and another hard part name the days of the week 105: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday and Saturday interviewer: um what's another name for Sunday? 105: Sabbath interviewer: if you meet somebody in the morning what would you say 105: good morning interviewer: okay until what time would you say that? 105: well until after lunch at noon #1 twelve o'clock # interviewer: #2 uh # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what part what do you call the part of the day after you stop saying good morning? 105: afternoon interviewer: #1 okay and how long # 105: #2 then evening # interviewer: does it afternoon last 105: until dark or thereabouts and then it's evening {C: car passes} interviewer: uh if you met somebody from any time during the day what could you say to 'em that wouldn't be good morning or good afternoon 105: well um how do you do? I ain't bad I'm glad to see you interviewer: um might you say good day to them when you meet them or when you leave them? 105: well uh when you leave 'em would be more apt to good day interviewer: uh what's the part time of day after supper 105: it's evening interviewer: mm-kay what do you call it after you go to bed? 105: night interviewer: uh what would you say when you're saying goodbye to somebody after you're leaving their house at night? 105: good night interviewer: on a farm you might start to work before daylight so you'd say we started to work before 105: day break interviewer: uh at what time did the sun rise this morning? 105: uh interviewer: about 105: about six thirty interviewer: uh so you'd say the sun 105: rose about six thirty interviewer: we were a little late this morning when we started out in the field the sun had already 105: risen interviewer: uh if we worked until the sun went out of sight we would work until 105: sundown after sundown interviewer: uh today is Wednesday yesterday oh 105: yesterday was Tuesday and tomorrow's Thursday {NW} interviewer: uh let me read back up today's Wednesday 105: yeah interviewer: Tuesday was 105: the day before interviewer: okay or how else could you say 105: yesterday #1 was # interviewer: #2 okay # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: yesterday was Tuesday interviewer: uh if somebody came on Sunday last Sunday and then he came he had come before that on the Sunday before that how would you call it 105: he was uh well he came last Sunday and the Sunday before or then a week early {D: work} week before that interviewer: um he's going to leave Su- this coming Sunday 105: he'll leave next Sunday interviewer: what could how would you tell me it was then the Sunday after that 105: uh let's see he was here this Sunday was here S- on the Sunday before a week ago and he going to leave next Sunday interviewer: and then the week beyond that would 105: #1 would be # interviewer: #2 be # 105: two weeks from Sunday excuse me just a minute #1 cut that off # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: would you interviewer: okay now then oh only about four more pages 105: huh? interviewer: only about four more pages 105: well that's good yeah we're coming along #1 on it # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: got a lot of film there #1 yet uh # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if somebody spent the some time with you and stayed from the first of the month to the fifteenth you would stay he you would say he stayed about 105: two weeks interviewer: okay there's another term they're looking for that's a another word for two weeks or fourteen days 105: fifteen day- oh two weeks a half a month interviewer: um today is Wednesday Thursday will be 105: tomorrow interviewer: if you wanted to know what time it what know the time of day what would you ask somebody? 105: I'd ask 'em what uh what's the #1 time # interviewer: #2 what would you # say your words 105: #1 what time is it # interviewer: #2 exactly # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # after you ask him he would say I have to look at my 105: watch interviewer: um midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd 105: #1 seven # interviewer: #2 say it's # 105: thirty interviewer: if it's ten ten forty-five what time would you say 105: {X} either say it as ten forty five or quarter to eleven interviewer: if you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite 105: some time interviewer: uh you would say nineteen seventy-three was last year nineteen seventy-four is 105: this year interviewer: if a child had just had his third birthday you would say he is 105: three years old interviewer: if something happened on this day last year you would say it happened exactly 105: a year ago interviewer: you might look up in the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 105: clouds interviewer: uh but you look up at the sky and there are no clouds around you might say I believe we're going to have 105: beautiful day or beautiful {C: interviewer cough} weather interviewer: on the opposite kind of day but if it's not raining and the sky is covered with clouds what kind of day #1 would you call it # 105: #2 dreary day # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # cloudy and dreary interviewer: the clouds are getting thicker and thicker and you figure you may be going to have some rain or something you might say 105: looks like rain interviewer: if it's been cloudy and then the clouds pull away and the sun comes out you'd say the weather is 105: clearing up interviewer: if you have a lot of rain that comes down all at once you'd have 105: a downpour interviewer: what do you call a storm that has thunder and lightning #1 in it # 105: #2 that's a # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # electrical storm or thunderstorm interviewer: um if you have a very hard wind you'd say yesterday the wind 105: blew strong interviewer: uh that was bad but in years before it's has 105: been worse interviewer: if the wind ca- well no if a wind came from halfway between south and west you'd call it 105: southwest interviewer: okay halfway between south and east 105: it'd be southeast interviewer: halfway between east and north? 105: northeast interviewer: and halfway between west and north 105: northwest interviewer: if it's raining but not very hard just a few drops coming down {C: overlap} uh what do you call it when it's very damp and you can't see through it 105: foggy interviewer: if no rain comes for weeks and weeks we're having 105: dry spell interviewer: um the wind has been very gentle but it's gradually getting stronger you'd say it's doing what 105: rising interviewer: if it's just the opposite wind's been strong and it is {C: overlap} getting weaker 105: dying interviewer: when you come out on a cold morning in the winter and the air seems to go right through you you'd say it's what kind 105: chilly weather brisk #1 penetrating # interviewer: #2 if # {X} if it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you might say last night we had a 105: frost interviewer: and it was so cold that the lake did what 105: ice over freeze over interviewer: if it gets much colder the pond might 105: freeze interviewer: um the place in a house where you have chairs for people to talk who come to call 105: living room or #1 sitting # interviewer: #2 Okay # 105: room or den interviewer: if you had a room like that that was just used on special occasions 105: would be the living room interviewer: uh if this room you might say it's nine 105: feet high ceiling's nine feet that's what this is interviewer: is it? 105: uh-huh interviewer: oh I just thought they picked an arbitrary #1 number I didn't # 105: #2 no # interviewer: know that 105: this used to be twelve foot ceiling I lowered them #1 to nine # interviewer: #2 really? # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: {X} I that that bedroom the front hall this bedroom the dining room and the kitchen I lowered 'em all to nine feet from twelve feet and I put a attic stairs in the kitchen ceiling and #1 got storage up there # interviewer: #2 because it was hard # to heat or 105: well uh it was this house is a old house had wood ceilings and uh dirt would sift through and it would you'd come in sometimes and it trains go when they used to have steam engines #1 you'd see # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: and all that smoke would set coming in it'd be covered on your #1 furniture and stuff # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: so I decided I'd just put this insulated tile up there and I worked on it for months and months just taking my time yeah just so happy she'd hold a {D: carnival} molding up there maw five eyes {D: start to the end} nailed it down through that so that's the way we did it interviewer: #1 so you mean that the # 105: #2 {D: so we had to} # interviewer: trains do you ever hear those #1 trains anymore? # 105: #2 uh not # interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # no don't hear 'em too much nowadays they just don't bother me anymore I hear 'em go by but they don't I don't pay attention after thirty-six years interviewer: no you wouldn't 105: four years up the street so I've #1 been on the # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: train on the railroads for forty years they still fascinate me I watch 'em all go by in daytime interviewer: you reckon Marietta will ever build a bridge or something so that people don't have to wait in line 105: well now I'll tell you what's what's in the making it's in the plans at the state highway department I went down because I'm concerned about it and I'm in the path almost but they're coming up with this for a loop from seventy-five down off of Franklin road back in there coming up across Clay street and they got all the contract I think has already been let or something for widening it up to um Sycamore which is down off of Trey street down over that first hill #1 down there # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: then they're gonna come right up take off to the right northwest come up that {D: holla} back in across over here you been reading and you take Marietta Journal? interviewer: no I'm 105: well #1 anyhow if you did # interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: they've been talking about this old house {D: that Vanderbilt} in eighteen forty and one right behind this big two story house Senator Clay live there and one behind that they said was built before that was the slaughterhouse they gonna build come up that {D: highway} go under there and dig through there and right down through the taxi stand go under Atlanta street and under the railroad and connect over here at Powder Springs connecting and they said they was going to widen Atlanta street from down here somewhere and if it did that would affect me interviewer: mm-hmm 105: so I went down and talked to the uh highway department about it and and that was what they showed me the plans for it and everything so now then they're trying to save those two houses if they did they'd have to change the re- change the route but I don't know how they can change it ain't no way to change a loop they could take the house the little slaughterhouse they could take it and move it as far as that part goes but the big two story house over there which was a Frasier house uh they uh they can't Sherman didn't burn that cause said she had a British flag hanging on the veranda and uh up on the little veranda #1 setup there # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 105: and uh she wasn't a she was a British subject and uh that's the reason he wouldn't burn it and uh but he made her make her take her flag down and they used the lower floor for a hospital and uh quarters officers' quarters interviewer: this is the slaughterhouse? 105: n- no it's the uh #1 Frasier house up there # interviewer: #2 Frasier house # 105: it's a big two story house sits right straight across over there and uh they're thinking about uh moving it they said they could move it he says we could buy it and move it and give it to 'em if they want to keep it the historic society and uh but it looks like that's the only way they can come through with that loop interviewer: yeah 105: progress you know tears things down and but I hate to see everything #1 new # interviewer: #2 oh # no 105: go go off they have some houses up on Kennesaw avenue that's real old and that loop will go on through back of Steven's lumber company over there and up to up to uh about Maple avenue and then it'll go back off go north north east and go back under the railroad again and then go back and come in over here to Barnes Mill road where it where that other end of the loop comes around and that's supposed to have a loop all the way around Marietta interviewer: huh 105: and that was their plan saw that just then and if it is I'm involved in it so #1 that's why # interviewer: #2 yeah # 105: I'm interested and we would have to move I wouldn't sell 'em no front yard and be in interviewer: no no 105: step off of the interviewer: mm-mm 105: porch into the highway well you gonna let that run #1 on # interviewer: #2 oh # 105: #1 # interviewer: #2 # I'd forgotten about that {X} oh Interviewer: {NS} That's uh 117: {X} {D:is a Maybell} transformation {X} Interviewer: Uh huh. 117: So when that comes from while that uh Interviewer: {NW} 117: {D:fascinating} Our librarian is uh from the North and she says she had a very {D: She's gonna put it.} She said she had a very good friend that was uh had that name. Interviewer: Uh huh. Where's she from do you know? 117: Well I know she's from New York. Interviewer: Uh huh. {NS} I don't think I have any relatives in 117: {X} you aren't a relative {B} {X} Interviewer: Well he was gone before I got #1 there {NW: laughing). # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: He was he was gone before I got there. But uh that's the um Uh Um It there's I think there's still a lot of that tradition still at Chicago and I think I think some of it's good and I think some of it's uh Some of it's kinda more questionable. Now I'd like to begin just by just by getting some uh some information about you. Um The um What's your place of birth? 117: My place of birth was in Coweta County on the west side of town. Interviewer: Right here in uh 117: Right here in Coweta County I was born on {D:gridded land} in Coweta County and my father was a tiller farmer at the time I was born. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And so they {X} me to to Newnan. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And uh So I spent I was in the third grade here when I left. And when I pass that farm and I spent my life on that farm. Interviewer: I see. How far out of Newnan was that farm? 117: Eight miles. Interviewer: I see. Um. And uh What's your Wou- Would you give me your full name? Your full name? 117: My full name? Interviewer: Yes sir. 117: It's William {D: Pitts} {B} Interviewer: Okay. And um The and your address here. 117: It's Newnan. Interviewer: Huh. 117: Post office box. {B} Interviewer: Okay. And how old are you? 117: I am eighty let's see {X} I'm eighty-three. Interviewer: Eighty-three #1 okay. # 117: #2 I was born in # {X} Interviewer: #1 What year were you born? # 117: #2 I'm knocking # I'm knocking on uh eighty four but Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 I was born # on the nineteenth of July. I have a birthday I'll be eighty four. Interviewer: Okay what year were you born in? 117: Eighteen ninety-six {D: Hell} it's Eighteen eighty-six. Interviewer: Eighteen eighty six. And uh what church do you go to? 117: Well I was raised in the Baptist church. Interviewer: Okay. And what was your occupation before you retired? 117: Hmm. {D:A fly boy} Interviewer: Okay. Did you farm out here in uh 117: #1 Yeah it was # Interviewer: #2 In the town? # 117: about that fourth district yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. What kind of a uh uh what kind of a farm did you uh did you work on? 117: Well it was a a cotton farm. Then i turned it into a a quite interesting a livestock raised of purebred Jersey cattle. Interviewer: Uh huh. 117: And we farmed that way until uh the thirties in it In the nineteen thirties when the government took over farming. Why they limited your production and you and your tenants couldn't make a living. That's a fact since the everybody knows your tenants couldn't make a living. So they begin to leave. Yeah and my arm begin to leave me I had pretty good tenant farmers. Got along fine with the nigger help. And uh when they left me why that was the end of it. Interviewer: How large a fa- how large was your farm? 117: Oh the farm was about uh It was about four hundred acres at that time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. Do you still own that farm? 117: Yep. Interviewer: And you have you have people uh people working it uh 117: Nobody left I still own it. Interviewer: Oh I see but nobody's farming it right 117: #1 Nobody's farming it. # Interviewer: #2 now. Uh-huh # Uh. Is it big enough to get in the soil bank? That's 117: Huh? Interviewer: You couldn't put it in the soil bank huh? {NW: Laughing} 117: Well I don't know {D:why I} quit fooling with that kinda #1 stuff. # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh # I see. Um. Did you how about your formal education? 117: Buddy I never did get {D:any far in the uh} oh about in Latin We'd get started in Latin and then We only had the five months schooling. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: We had two in the summer and three in the spring. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And we go to school and start Latin, I liked it. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 117: #2 And we'd # get so far with it. John and Mary Saturday come in they want to study Latin with a {X} back to the back and so I Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {D:And I write} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: I- Is there such thing as {X} declension in Latin? Interviewer: Yes! Sure. 117: Well I think that's {D:my father's} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. # 117: {D: Anyway I} We get there and three months left instead of picking up the and going on a little farther We turned back to the first {D: that day} {D: and so I told her} the same old Latin book. Interviewer: I see. {NW: Laughing} 117: {D:Then when} We changed teachers. One teacher would give us uh the English pronunciation. {D:And we were saying} {X} {X} Interviewer: Uh huh. 117: You know what I'm #1 talking about. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 117: They'd give us the uh other pronunciation. Interviewer: I see. How how many years did you go to how old were you when you st- Did you go uh uh 117: Huh? Interviewer: How how old were you when you stopped attending school regularly? 117: Oh I was in my teens I wasn't real old I I wouldn't say {X} teens I {X} Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: So you'd say you had a couple years of high school and in in i- translating it into days terms. 117: Well I I was {X} was intermediate school I I {D:started, studied} with grammar and it was Interviewer: I see. and history I hated and I read everyday. I see. Yeah I'd like to know if you'd tell me how you got interested and how you you must then have uh spent uh s- done a a lot of reading. Um. On your own. Um. Outside of school to become so interested in genealogy. 117: {X} Interviewer: Yes. 117: Well I wouldn't know. It is just a habit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {X} My father was a a person that liked to read. Interviewer: {NW} 117: And uh When I was a boy I'd come in town here and get the mail before it hadn't {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And he always took the New York {D:Ward} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And he took various other magazines so when I got up grown and got to I wasn't a good farmer. We took the {D: sullen} cultivator which was published in Atlanta by the Hunter's Club and it's very good thing then I would reach out for the agricultural #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: then read that. And uh till I branched out into uh the Breeze Gazette. I got them old copies of some copies of old Breeze Gazette which was a wonderful {D: live-stocker} magazine that was published in Chicago by Sanders brothers {D:and Sanders} I think. And uh I was always interested in livestock And I didn't like cotton picking don't you bet. Interviewer: {NW} 117: But I always liked livestock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And uh It was something inherited trait because uh I was raised on the fact that {X} lived down in the Troup County. And he was a race horse who ran and uh loved fox hunting and was a pretty good gambler but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: So I was raised on that tradition to love horses and it was even born in me to love horses. Interviewer: I see. 117: I did love and care for them {NS} Interviewer: Uh huh. {NS} 117: {D: very good driver.} {NS} So now if I had a chance {NS} {X} Interviewer: Is that so? Uh what uh where was your uh were your father born? 117: My father was born down here in Harris County. {NS} Interviewer: Now is that out is that down near LaGrange? 117: That is uh Hamilton is the county see it's it's the county down below uh Troup. #1 {X} County just # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: south of Troup Interviewer: Is LaGrange in Troup County? 117: Lagrange is Troup #1 County. # Interviewer: #2 I see. I # I think I {X} out Was it on is is uh Is that county on the uh Alabama border? 117: Yes it's a border county. Interviewer: Uh huh. 117: {D:Back to that} left of Interviewer: {NW} 117: Harris County is where Callaway Gardens is. Interviewer: I see. Sure I know where that is. Ah was your your father was born there? 117: My father was born there. Interviewer: Where was your mother born? 117: My mother was born right here in the fourth district {X} Interviewer: Is that so so you're old settlers huh? How about their um uh uh did uh did they have any formal education? 117: Who? Interviewer: Your parents? 117: Oh my father did not have too much. And my mother was the daughter of a school professor. Interviewer: I see. {NW} Where were you where were her parents born? 117: Well now. {X} That's her father. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: was born in Anson County North Carolina. And her mother was born in Jasper County Georgia. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And uh they were people that were raised up in uh Middlesex County Virginia. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: The- there's a {D: heap full} background on background then #1 It's all interesting to me. # Interviewer: #2 Yep. # Yeah it's interesting to me too. I wish you'd tell now so that they um uh your mother's um a uh uh people then came to to uh uh came came into Georgia from North Carolina about when? 117: About when? Interviewer: Yeah. Well my next door neighbor is a genealogist #1 by the way. # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: My next door neighbor is a genealogist. 117: He is? Interviewer: He's a retired colonel his name is {D:Colon} Clemens. 117: Clemens? Interviewer: Clemens. Yes sir. 117: {X} Interviewer: Yes he was he's uh he's a retired army colonel he's a wonderful man. 117: Yeah yeah yeah yeah. So now let's see this. I believe it was Yep {D:Parner} {NS} Now here's here's Francis Lee Clover. That's, that's my grandma. Interviewer: I see. 117: And she was born in uh Jasper County Georgia. And she was the daughter of uh Robert {D:Tuggums.} Who married Elizabeth {D:Gentridge.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: They were first cousins. {X} back to the to the the L- double E- Lees. Interviewer: Is that right? 117: And uh They well I always knew they was first cousins but I didn't know which one was which I knew that there's two sisters Darling and Esther. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And that their their parents were They were first cousins and so they both from uh from George Lee and Mary Buford. Interviewer: Huh. Is that the same Buford family that the highway Buford Highway the in the town of Buford up here in 117: I wouldn't I wouldn't know #1 what it was or not. # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. # 117: They these were all in Middlesex County #1 Virginia. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Now this Oglethorpe County that's uh that's over east of here oh east 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: This Oglethorpe county is uh between {D:Lexington} {X} {D:towns meet} Interviewer: #1 Yes # 117: #2 And # before you get to Washington Will. Interviewer: Is that isn't Athens in #1 Oglethorpe? # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: Athens. 117: You pass Athens after you go on through #1 {D:Athens} # Interviewer: #2 Right # So so your mother's family then came into Georgia um from the east then or or uh came into into eastern Georgia really before #1 coming out this way? # 117: #2 They came over to # {D:Wilton} Green County {D:over Green County} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 117: {D: Here, here's a big boy in my} You find loads of trouble up there. Interviewer: Yes here, 117: There he is. Remember the condition of {X} That that is where the {D:back line} comes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: But there is a unusual uh Interviewer: So then they {X} Ludowici does it? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Ludowici You know that that um that's uh that is a 117: Well that {D:Ludowici} was from a an Italian poet. I I fished up that name it's such an unusual name there was uh an Italian poet I've gotten #1 I finished that up I finish up everything. All I want # Interviewer: #2 Uh. I see. Uh huh. # 117: Oh Now here is here's something rather interesting to me if you getting into to my line and uh oh uh Frances M. Chapel his uh father was named William {B} Now I had a diary my father's diary that gave this family history Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And when i lived there at home and came up here a man broke into my house and stole a whole lots of furniture We found it but my diary he burned up. Interviewer: #1 My goodness. # 117: #2 And # I only had small comforts about it but you Interviewer: That's a shame. 117: See there's uh {D:William} {B} married uh {X} married this captain {B} That's an unusual Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: name and I Interviewer: Like why a {B} huh? 117: #1 I'm finding the most unusual things about that. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Uh huh. # Well that was the name of the marshal in Dodd City. 117: Well {B} Interviewer: spelled the same way. 117: That that's uh not too factual. {X} Nobody going to credit that too much. I I wrote to them out there in Arizona and they didn't sure they wouldn't believe anything that he said that man that wrote that said. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I mean they questioned that he was he was a real person. {C:Laughing} 117: Huh? Interviewer: They, they 117: There's no mistake There wasn't why {B} {X} {B} was the guardian of some children up in Nash County North Carolina they wasn't why {B} But now here Interviewer: #1 That's the same # 117: #2 his # story and that's why {B} age was Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {X} is a question Interviewer: I see. Now you're so your uh your father's parents then um are out of uh North Carolina and your mother's parents ultimately out of Virginia. 117: That's right #1 Middlesex County Virginia. # Interviewer: #2 Middlesex # County Virginia. And your your father's out of this uh uh was Arrington the name of a town in is that is that a cou- #1 a county? # 117: #2 {D:Arrington was very} # popular in the now I found that I've got that {X} Arrington Interviewer: Uh huh. 117: was I find settled in in uh eighteen and seventy {D:down in} Troup County census. Interviewer: I see. {NS} 117: All this stuff is factored without our block but there's something I never liked too much about this. I got a {NS} {D:Yeah when you go far enough} {NS} {D:somebody's} {NS} origin now the chapel is one of the most little interesting little booklets and this Ladies of Georgia written by {D: Apsel} Harris Chapel. But I had this book on Chapel but I can't get it to Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 {X} # And I always thought that was {X} Chapel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And I find him in the Walden County in eighteen twenty when I'm going over that census tracing up these other folks. But Interviewer: Do you mean you work you worked with that lady over there who wrote Wayfarers for #1 Wayfarers in Walton? # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 117: #2 I've re-, I've read that. # I've corresponded with that lady Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {X} Interviewer: Some interesting things in that book. I've, I've, I've looked in that book. I haven't read the whole thing #1 but I've # 117: #2 It's just # very interesting Interviewer: Uh-huh it's one of the newer uh county histories. {NS} 117: {X} I I didn't read I've got something that I I that I got the other day Wait a minute. This may be this may be what I want. Show you the election. Charles Smith wrote about the law. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Yep. # 117: And that I don't like too much. I wrote to the Texas folks about that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: Here's something that's interesting about these people. These {X} about this {D:singer} {B} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You make the connection between Bill {B} and uh {B} #1 Bill {X} # 117: #2 {D:Now I haven't got that} # I I don't like it. #1 I I wrote # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: the Texas group and they didn't get what I was Interviewer: There's a town over in Douglas County named or #1 or around Douglas in Douglas County or or # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 117: #2 in a place called {X} # Interviewer: {B} Yes. 117: He was quite a {D:writer} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 117: Not it goes on to say that this {B} {X} Turn over to the next page and if you'll see {X} {D: got anything online about} Interviewer: #1 Yes. # 117: #2 {X} # {D:Remember} {X} Interviewer: It says here Irving {B} #1 Uh # 117: #2 {X} # {D:Teaches about Evergreen he's along} Interviewer: Yes. 117: Evergreen and the teacher married a ms {X} or something like that. Interviewer: Uh that's {B} See a mr Samuel G {B} um uh Samuel G {B} mr Greg yeah married ms {B} Her family lived about a mile from Evergreen. One of its members thought that her father {D:saw} {D:saw in} Andersonville in the Harrison home the first piano ever brought {X} Uh {NW} That is very interesting. 117: She had a {X} piano and it was a was a very successful instrument. That's what that says. You can Interviewer: #1 Right that's right you have it # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you have it memorized. 117: Huh? Interviewer: {X} And I'd be greatly impressed {X} carefully study this and return home and build one for his own family which is said to have been a very a quite successful instrument right. 117: Well alright now Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: Now there's there's what {X} You see that {X} I sent that to Texas {D:and they didn't} ask for my #1 information # Interviewer: #2 I see. # #1 The original Bill # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {B} spelled his name {B} Yup. In the reprinted article from the Fort Worth Texas Daily Democrat in eighteen seventy-seven was this noted. Now this is from Ge- {D: Georgian Georgian} by uh Lucian 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Lamar. Uh-huh. # Um. Eh. And then. {X} Phil {B} {D:Lee} of Georgia the man who furnished the witticism {X} which Charles A Swift prepared and published some years ago was accidentally {X} uh. Decatur Texas. Last month March fifth he fell from a wagon loaded with corn and the wheels fastened over his neck and killed him instantly. He was a rough old man perfectly illiterate but replete with the original ideas and witty sayings. He lived near the Brangston place at Kingston. That's very interesting. 117: alright I was up there yesterday to try and to get stuff over the {D:Cast} County censors. #1 of 1860 # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: See I didn't find this William {B} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: I don't don't consider that as factual I think you pick this man up {X} These facts that's in that book I #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 117: I don't I don't accept. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {X} # I don't accept. When I go down and read those uh {X} saying you can't take those facts because somebody stretch 'em Interviewer: Sure. 117: {X} Interviewer: The I see. I see. Um. 117: Now that that {X} part {X} {D:down} that's that's a truly demonstration family because uh {X} {D:Jump} {B} was always trying to invent something. {D:That they didn't think} {X} spirit was in invent {B} {X} {D:Well mighty} Everyday calling Fly boy type a folks. Interviewer: I see. Um what about your uh your earlier ancestors uh before settling you know they Um the people who settled in Virginia where eh Do have you traced uh traced them back to uh uh to England and uh Ireland Scotland Wales or 117: #1 {D:I hate} {C:laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 117: {D:do it} I {X} you see something that I I've got no you {X} when you get on Jeffrey's Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: You take uh. When uh. James. {X} {D:sent} {X} over here. Those uh aristocrats were against them and so they weren't accorded too much I don't get too much {B} {X} I've got something in history {D:that's ridiculous} {X} {D:trouble these} {B} up north had the {X} come on down there and then {D:pick your fellows up from 'em} from there it's it's Interviewer: #1 ridiculous # 117: #2 Is that # it's ridiculous the amount of stuff I got Interviewer: Is that so? I sense a Now have you ever been married? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Have you ever been married? 117: No they wouldn't have me. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Um. They um Uh Well that's about all the Well have you ever how about about um uh uh your your your social contacts though in in Newnan? Have you belonged to any organizations or or clubs? 117: Never did join them but the {X} makes such a sorry member to {X} I didn't go any farther Interviewer: I see. I see. And have you traveled much? 117: Nope. no farther than I could drive {X} can't even travel Interviewer: I see. Where how far have you been outside of the 117: Well I ran up to Memphis and Nashville bout as far as Alabama Interviewer: I see. And uh wa- was that just on a vacation? 117: Huh? Interviewer: On a vacation? Was that or was it were you there on business or 117: Oh it was just for fun we went up there to to uh Nashville Dairy Show Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: I told you I was a livestock breeder. Interviewer: #1 Yes # 117: #2 I was going up there to # Nashville Dairy Show. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And uh. And quite a nice time. {X} the show and there's four hours well sitting there having a wonderful time at the show there's a lady from Mississippi sat by me Interviewer: Uh. 117: On the left and I was having a good time {X} on the right. And lo and behold She mentioned Newnan I always mention Newnan Georgia it's it's it's pretty well-known town. Interviewer: Sure. 117: And. She hit the ceiling said she did describe this town. She was going through here one time and uh the policeman got her for speeding or something and charged 'em ten dollars or something like that And she {X} And that woman dried up like a {X} Just like that. And we did enjoy the show. Interviewer: #1 Is that right # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 That's funny. That's # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Too bad. 117: We we boys went there and and uh say couldn't get a room that night #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 at the hotel. # 117: And I I was a little {D:badmouthing} And {X} said we can go ahead and sleep in the car I had a little t-shirt on I said I didn't come from Newnan Georgia to here to I will stay in I'm inside this house it's getting cold and the That hotel man {X} folks and {D:get one with these little parlors up there} and had a little a little room and they put us down four beds and so we spent the night there in one of those hotels in in uh Memphis. Interviewer: I see. Uh-huh. Now look what why don't we um uh uh get started with uh with some of this #1 and uh # 117: #2 {X} # Go ahead. I #1 I {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} Okay. # 117: I'll go along with you Interviewer: Okay. Fine. Now there all there'll be all different kinds of kinds of things but just remember that this is n- in no way any kind of a test or anything it's a matter of simply a matter of getting your your natural uh ya know #1 speech. Huh. # 117: #2 It's a matter of analysis. # Interviewer: #1 That. okay. # 117: #2 {X} # This is a problem and you're gonna analyze it. Interviewer: Right okay. 117: #1 And I'll # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: state the facts. Interviewer: Okay that's fine. Now uh uh what would you call that uh right over here? Um. This this part of this uh right here? 117: I'd call that the hog Interviewer: Okay. And the smoke would go up the 117: Huh? Interviewer: The smoke in here in the fireplace would go up the 117: Up the chimney. Interviewer: Yeah. And in a fireplace uh those two metal things that hold the wood in place 117: They're ant arms Interviewer: Yeah have you ever called them anything else? 117: Me? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Never called them nothing {D: but ant arms} Some folks call 'em dogs. Interviewer: Okay. What any particular kind of people call them dogs? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Do you associate that with any particular kind of people? Whose who #1 call them dogs? # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Or just # 117: #2 I I wouldn't say that. # Interviewer: I see. Would your father call them dogs? For example? 117: We called them {D:ant arms.} #1 We didn't, we didn't vary # Interviewer: #2 I. # Okay. And the clock over there is up on the what? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: What do you call this? 117: I call that a rattle piece Interviewer: Okay. And in a fireplace um a large piece of a tree that you'd burn in there. What would you call that? 117: Well that's called a log of wood. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call uh resinous uh pieces of wood for starting a fire? 117: {D:Tips?} Interviewer: Yeah. Uh the kind with uh with a lot of pitch in it or #1 or uh # 117: #2 Oh that's # {X} Interviewer: Okay. 117: {X} Interviewer: {NS} 117: {X} #1 and things out that's # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 117: {X} Now you're getting to {X} That's {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {X} # A lot of {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And then how about larger pieces of wood? To start a fire. Have a general term for all wood that you burn to you to get the fire started? 117: I don't know there I I gave it a {X} You go out yonder You tell 'em go out yonder in the woods and fetch me some {D:brace} to put around this pot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} #1 Okay. What I was # 117: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: thinking of was um uh do you use the word kindling? at all? 117: We use kindling as much as {X} Interviewer: I see. Well that's what I was getting at. And if you were cleaning out of what's that stuff you clean out of a stove pipe? 117: That's soot. Interviewer: Okay. And the stuff you clean out of a out of a fireplace? 117: That's ashes. Interviewer: Alright. And what color is my shirt? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: My shirt. 117: Your shirt is #1 what color? # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Yeah. 117: It's a white shirt. Interviewer: Okay. And I'm sitting in a? 117: You're sitting in a rocking chair. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you call a piece of furniture like this? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: What do you call this piece of #1 furniture? # 117: #2 That's supposed # be a sofa. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Now what about um Um. The um uh How would you distinguish that chair the one you're sitting in from the one I'm sitting in? 117: Well yours is is a rocker and this is just a straight I would say it's a straight chair and this is this is this is different from what I was reading in when I was reading we had a straight chair and a rocking chair. Interviewer: I see. But even in #1 upholstery # 117: #2 This # This this this this is this a present day old uh cheap upholstery stuff. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And the tables and chairs that uh all of the these are those are all pieces of what? 117: What? Interviewer: All of the tables and chairs in the room. The term to describe all of those things Those are all pieces of what? You know a general term for all the tables and chairs? 117: Well just household affects is #1 all I know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. But well what kind of a store would you buy such things at? 117: Where would I buy 'em? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: {X} store. Interviewer: That's that's the word on there. Now how about on the on the what do you call those things on the windows that you pull up and down? 117: Shades. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever call them anything else? 117: No never called #1 anything but shades. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: you had curtains you used to have before that they had curtains that were cheap uh they were color. They were Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 117: #2 {X} # lace But they had colored curtains that was my grandmother had them they were some sold Um and I can't tell {X} {D:a Mabel} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: But anyway they were just shut out there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: Give you privacy. Interviewer: I see. But that those are those weren't on those are you just those are different from from shades? 117: So yes they were different. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 They were # They were curtains. Interviewer: Okay. And the place in the bedroom where you'd hang up you where you'd hang up your clothes? 117: You talking about a closet? Interviewer: Yeah. Um. And do you ever use the fuller term than just closet or do you just call it a closet? 117: Oh well now in in in some homes you didn't have closets you had a wardrobe in there. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 You had a # big wardrobe. It uh held your clothes. Interviewer: Okay. How is that different from a closet? 117: Oh it's a piece of furniture. Interviewer: I see. It's movable. 117: Huh? Interviewer: It's movable. 117: Movable that's right #1 And the doors # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 117: then uh It's a piece of movable furniture I've got one upstairs Interviewer: Okay. Um. The uh the um up above the the second story of the house let's say um where you might store things. 117: Oh you talking about the attic? Interviewer: Yeah. And the room in the house where you uh Uh do the cooking? 117: That's the kitchen. Interviewer: {NW} Do you remember a how about out on your farm did you have a uh uh ever have an outside kitchen? A kitchen that was separate anytime 117: #1 at one # Interviewer: #2 from # 117: at one time the kitchen was separated from the house out home Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 yes. # Interviewer: Did you have a special name for it or did you still just call it a kitchen? 117: It just a kitchen. It was out in my place that kitchen was uh the original building well grandfather built this big house and so they for a long time they would live in this uh bedroom {X} And then cook and eat out there {X} I suppose they spend the days most of them out there in that uh kitchen. Interviewer: I see. Um And how about a little room off the kitchen where you might store things? 117: A pantry? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh a room where you might keep um worthless furniture implement implements and so forth? 117: Ah that go up the attic Interviewer: I see. What would you call that stuff? Would you have a name for for that that uh um 117: The stuff that's you've ceased to use? Interviewer: Right. 117: uh No you didn't you didn't dignify it with a name. Interviewer: I see. Well I wonder if there's something uh are any of these words familiar to you like plunder or junk 117: Well I think I've heard them named plunder. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 But # junk was not junk is too {X} new. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Um. 117: Plunder I think would would really fit in there. Interviewer: Okay. Fine. Now uh what do you use to sweep a floor with? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What do you use to sweep a floor #1 with? # 117: #2 I. # don't. Interviewer: Well what would you use? 117: {NS} Interviewer: If you if if you could for you if you were going to though? 117: I'd use a broom. Interviewer: Okay. Now if a broom were here 117: Huh? Interviewer: We're talking about where the broom is. And the broom were here in relation to this. Where would you say the broom is? 117: I'd say behind the door. Interviewer: Okay. You see there's whether you say behind the door and back of the door that's 117: I say behind the door. Interviewer: Okay. And uh On on Monday women traditionally did what? 117: What? Interviewer: On Mondays. #1 Women # 117: #2 {X} # they washed. Interviewer: Okay and they uh They so you say they did their what? That's right they did their 117: Well it was the washing they dug their clothes out of the washing #1 machine. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And on Tuesday they did their 117: is that the ironing? Interviewer: Yeah. And. And uh a general word for both washing and ironing You say they're doing their 117: laundry work? Interviewer: Sure. Uh when you come into your house Um first you to walk up from the street you walk up the what? 117: Walk up a steps? Interviewer: Okay. And um then uh and then you're standing on the 117: On the porch. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: On the porch not the veranda {X} is a word used but we always call it a porch. Interviewer: Okay how does a veranda is a is a veranda different from a porch or is that just another #1 word for it? # 117: #2 {D: I don't know} # I never had a had occasion to looked it up. Interviewer: Does a does a veranda have to does a does a porch have to have a roof? A roof. 117: I well I In my opinion it would. Interviewer: What would you call it if it didn't have a roof? 117: I wouldn't call it. Interviewer: Okay. You {X} you wouldn't have a name for it? 117: I wouldn't have a name for it if it didn't have didn't have a roof over it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And you said you walk up the steps? If you're talking about walking up to the second floor Would you still say walking up the steps? 117: We used to call 'em stair steps you put stair in there Interviewer: I see. Inside. 117: Yeah Interviewer: In the house. Outside just steps 117: #1 Just steps # Interviewer: #2 but in # 117: But inside you put stair steps. Interviewer: Stair #1 steps. # 117: #2 Cause # you going upstairs. Interviewer: Okay. I see. Um. If you didn't want the door that way you might tell someone please 117: What close the door? Interviewer: Or. You might say close the door or you might say Another word you might use is 117: Well you could say shut the door but I think we've said close the door Interviewer: #1 {X} # 117: #2 {X} # we would've said Interviewer: #1 close the door. # 117: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: What's is there a difference between those two in your mind? Between close the door and shut the door? 117: No there's no difference in my mind Interviewer: #1 between 'em. # 117: #2 Uh huh. # Interviewer: I see. Uh and horizontal overlapping boards Uh for protective or decorative purpose you know on a house. Um Do you remember what they're called? Something put over on a frame house. 117: You mean the outside? Interviewer: Yes. 117: We call that the weather boarding. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and um You get in um in a car And you um you what it? You turn on the motor and you Or a team of horses. 117: That's talking about the Interviewer: Yeah. 117: starting Interviewer: No yeah but then but after you get 'em started then you do what? Then you 117: Oh Lord I done quit driving I almost Interviewer: #1 That's the word I'm talking # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's the word I'm talking about. 117: Driving? Interviewer: Yeah. Now. So you say today I'll get in a car and what to town? I'll get in the car and 117: and drive away. Interviewer: Sure. That's right. And yesterday I? Uh forty-five miles I 117: I drove forty #1 five # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 117: miles an hour. Interviewer: Right. And many times I have what from here to Atlanta? Same idea. Yesterday or many times I have from here to Atlanta. I have 117: Driven? Interviewer: Sure. 117: That's what you want. Interviewer: That's right. You see the some of these are uh there are some some regional differences in in these 117: #1 Mm-hmm. Buddy I # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 117: Buddy I've driven all over Atlanta and I'm one of the few men that know the names of the streets. These young folks can't tell the names of the streets {X} tell me the name of the streets {X} Interviewer: Is that so? You know your way around pretty well. That's good. 117: But uh they say I don't know I don't know how to get there Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um the the part of a house that the rain falls on outside 117: Is the roof. Interviewer: Okay. And the rain then runs down the roof into the 117: Gutters? Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you had several peaks on your roof. 117: There'd be gables. Interviewer: Okay. Or or or okay several gables What would you call the place down here? Here are the gables like this and then down in here you might have to clean leaves out 117: {X} Interviewer: Sure. Um. Before um uh they had indoor plumbing um they had to people use the what? 117: Uh we had we ours was a privy you'd go to the back house {X} Interviewer: Uh what other names you familiar 117: #1 Privy is # Interviewer: #2 with # 117: all I know we just called it the privy. You talking about that little toilet? Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 117: #2 {D:that high-bowled} # toilet? Interviewer: Sure. 117: We called it a privy. Interviewer: A privy or a back house is the other word #1 {X} # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Um. Now uh say that um we're talking about that we said the talking about a a building a person lives in you call that a A person lives in a 117: You talking bout the {X} house? Interviewer: #1 Yes # 117: #2 We # called it house {D:we weren't no} We didn't say a residence. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 But that's what it is # Interviewer: Sure. And what would the plural of what's the plural of that word? 117: Houses. Interviewer: Sure. And the largest outbuilding on the farm is What? 117: Largest building Interviewer: Outbuilding. {X} 117: Well that's a barn. Interviewer: Okay. Would you describe the barn in your on your farm for me? 117: Yeah the barn had uh four stables on its grounds A room where you put the harness and the staircase that went up to the to the first story's floor #1 where you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: stored hay. Interviewer: Okay. And what did you call that anything else besides the storage floor? 117: No I wouldn't say I called it anything else um. There's a hay storage part but it #1 The barge # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: was stored in the storage space for Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: the feed for your livestock. Interviewer: I see. You um but you didn't have a special word 117: You you you want me say {D:a} hay mile? Interviewer: Uh well would you use that? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is that a is that word would you would you use that word? 117: We didn't. That that was what you the hay mile is where you stored hay if you Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: going back to the sometimes. Interviewer: Uh. Who would did but people around here didn't use the word hay mile? 117: cause I reckon I'm the only one that's used it. I I read that somewhere. Interviewer: Okay. Well what I was thinking of was was hay mile was fine or the word loft. 117: #1 Well oh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: you were right you that I never thought about #1 the loft. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Uh-huh. 117: A loft. Interviewer: Yeah #1 you might you might # 117: #2 Yep yep. # Interviewer: use that. Uh alright and what about a a building for storing corn? 117: Oh that's a corn trip. Interviewer: Alright. And a um uh a large uh collection of hay outside? 117: Uh that's a hay stack. Interviewer: Okay. And um Were there any different uh Uh were they all pretty much the same just piles of hay or were they Were there some different kinds of uh of hay stacks in the uh 117: Well down here in the South you always had a pole to stack the hay around with it. Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 117: #2 {X} # No difference in the types. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How how did you do that? Now you say you say stack it around if you just put the pole you you 117: You set your pole down. Then you put your something on the bottom to keep it from rotting the hay from rotting at the bottom and you just pile it around you're always trying to keep your pile just a little bit high around the pole Interviewer: #1 I see the # 117: #2 so that the # water was dripped off in Interviewer: Okay. 117: It was fairly satisfactory to keep it. Interviewer: Did you have a name for the for the um uh for that what sort of stuff would you put on the bottom to keep it from rotting? 117: Well you'd take old limbs and wooden things and you'd want it where it had a little {X} {D:leaned} over the bottom. Interviewer: I see. And did you have a special name would you call that pole anything in particular? 117: The pole? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Mm-mm no I only call it a stack pole that's only thing I #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Fine that's what I was getting at. Um. And then um. Uh. Do you have a name for a smaller pile of hay? Um. Pile or stack of hay something smaller than that particularly in haying time you know when you might um before you put it together into this large 117: Oh you might be maybe you think think fi- fishing for rack. #1 A hay rack. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # A hay rack. That would be a smaller 117: as you a certain types of hay we used to cure by we had a a rack that would let it stay on the empty little skewer Interviewer: I see. What was that like? Was that just a small uh #1 A small # 117: #2 It had a # small frame that uh you put small amounts of that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: On. Interviewer: What was that frame How was that frame built? What did it look like? 117: It was uh Three had three legs it was uh oh by the time {X} We grew a lot of pea-vine hay. #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: pea-vine hey was hard to cure. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And it would mold and you you'd get in there after it's wilted a bit and these things had um sticks like that. There's three there's three legs you going to have six like #1 this. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Now you say you're talking about the the wreck and you say it stood about {X} four feet off the ground? 117: Well you'd you'd put get it up as high as #1 you could go. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 117: and those things if you'd cross over the things like that and you'd put your hay around that and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: hang up and get up to {X} Interviewer: I see. But then the circulation of the air uh uh 117: It would cure out good hay yeah. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Um. Cure out good hay you mean as as opposed to it it would it would um You mean all of the hey would be good you know I mean it would 117: and you you you save the the leaves you get The leaves would drop off of pea-vine hay Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And you saved the leaves in a bright green color and that gives It don't discolor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: Too much sun discolors your hay. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: Just a pure in the winter why it it discolors and then um a little dampness and you put it up too green in a in a in a the barn and it'll mold on it. Interviewer: I see. Um What do you call a shelter did you call a shelter for cows? 117: Called it a cow shed I reckon mine was a cow barn. Interviewer: Okay well is there a difference between those two or just uh um between those two words? 117: No there's no difference between them words it's only what the you had. {NW} {NW} Under the average uh We didn't have too much fine architecture down here when #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. {NW} # 117: and there's just a little building thrown up and you you put a little lean two shed back there that's why that's where your cow shed that's that's a shelter where they get under when it's raining. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But and this would be the place where they would be it now That But the cow shed was a temporary in other words a temporary thing where they would get out of the rain during the day. But that was different from the cow barn where they would go at night is that right? 117: Well that's about all the that's about all the provision you made for your cow shed when you had a cow shed. Interviewer: I see. The cow shed I see. The cow shed was like a lean to the How about a place where the cows are taken to be milked? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: When the cows were 117: You talking about the cow tits Interviewer: Okay sure. 117: {NW} Interviewer: Right. Exactly. 117: Well that's how most of them are milked in the tits that the tits while the calves spent the day you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: The calves would spend the day in the pen and at night you Cows come up you tell them then {X} and pull her tits Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay that's what I was getting at. Right. Now uh a shelter or enclosure for hogs and pigs 117: Hmm? Interviewer: For hogs and pigs. 117: Oh that just a pig pen. You may want me say pig stall but it's just a pig #1 pen. # Interviewer: #2 No # I want you {X} uh and what do you call them you call them pigs when they're small they get bigger you call them what? 117: What? Interviewer: After the pigs though are usually usually use that word for the smaller ones right? What do you call them when they get bigger? 117: A shoat? Interviewer: Yeah and and they still bigger. They're full grown. 117: Oh you're talking about a a sow? Interviewer: Alright. 117: And let's see what what did they call them after they uh those that you A barrow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And a boar. There there's your classification. Interviewer: Right. And all of those are all a a general term for all of them would be what? 117: That's right you your barrow was the one that's you got your meat from cause your boar didn't give you They they were not too good to eat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh do you have a general term though for all of them? For for for sows and and boars and barrows all of them would be different kinds of what? 117: I don't know they're just hogs #1 all # Interviewer: #2 That's # that's {X} I'm sure. Uh. What you were saying something about barrows though before you were 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 saying # Uh you were speaking about the barrow you said that uh How does it How is a barrow made a barrow? 117: He was he was unsexed Interviewer: Okay. What do you call that though when you do that to a 117: By cutting him? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: You cut him. Interviewer: Okay. 117: He was unsexed. He's just like a gelding horse he's he's unsexed. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're talking about a horse you you'd also say just they cut him? That's the term? Say they cut him? 117: Oh yes I that'd be the term I presume I I wouldn't That's beyond me but I know a gelding is a unsexed horse. #1 and a # Interviewer: #2 Huh. # 117: barrow is an unsexed uh unsexed hog. And a steer is an unsexed cow. Interviewer: Okay and they call it unsexed sheep? 117: Hmm? Oh. Is a {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um. Good. Ah before you were talking about um About uh dairy farms 117: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh uh what is the word that word dairy mean to you? 117: Dairy? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Dairy means good milk with up heap of cream on it. Interviewer: I see. Um. And you'd use the word dairy as a as a substitute term for Um you you said dairy milk it meant it was a rich milk is that the idea? 117: No I ate dairy as It had more significance way back yonder it used to they used to call Down at the creek they had a spring and they called it dairy house. #1 And you'd # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: keep the milk and {X} That was way back yonder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you remember having one of those on your 117: #1 We didn't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: we didn't have one. Interviewer: I see. Interviewer: {NS} Alright now I think that that's {C:mumbling} Oh okay {C:mumbling} {NS} Um. What do you call the place where the cows sheep and uh other livestock might graze? Right in close. Near the barn. 117: You talking about the pasture? Interviewer: Okay. Now a pasture is um uh A pasture might be quite a distance from the from the barn. I was thinking of something that might be fenced in close to the barn. 117: I wouldn't I wouldn't get that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: Pasture's all I know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Well what do you call the open area right around the barn? 117: Oh we call that the uh lot. Interviewer: Okay that's what I was getting at. Whether you call it a barnyard or a lot you see. Now 117: Barnyard's what you wanted. Interviewer: Well either one. Are is that different from a lot or is it the same thing? 117: {X} We call it we called it a horse lot out there and then the cow one was separate but Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um do you um do you make a distinction among different kinds of sizes of of fields that you're planting things in? 117: Yeah {D:definitely} we had pastures yeah. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: Now you're getting down. Interviewer: Okay. Now what what is a patch and how big would it be and what might you grow in it? 117: A patch could be anything that grows. Interviewer: I see. And #1 how # 117: #2 We had a # watermelon patch and a goober patch and then uh sweet potato patch #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: you didn't have those in fields your your fields was was your staple crop. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But they the patches wa- was the patch how how large could it be and still be a patch? 117: A patch could be as much as uh anywhere from up to four or five acres. Interviewer: Okay. Um. 117: No limit to size of patch it's Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And do you have any other designations for fields I mean are they just patches and fields? Or are there are there different Uh do you make distinctions among different sizes of fields? 117: We didn't. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Now uh around a field you might put up a what? 117: A fence? Interviewer: Okay. Now what kinds of fences um did you uh are you familiar with? 117: Oh well they used to use a rail bit for the zigzag bits but that was there was some some of those old things on the farm when I went there #1 but I # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 117: did all my fencing with a wire. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} how did you keep that wire up? What was what was the wire attached to? 117: To a post. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Did you {X} Did y- how did you have those uh um {X} how were they spaced? How far apart were they spaced? 117: Oh I generally put mine about uh twelve fifteen feet. Interviewer: Put what? 117: My post was about twelve fifteen feet apart I generally walk about five steps and that's where I {D:quite, acquired, count} fifteen feet Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: That's my favorite step five feet and Interviewer: {NW} 117: make a post hole. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Make your fence straight I always try to make them straight. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 117: #2 It leaves # a strain on your post. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: Tighten your {X} Interviewer: Alright. Uh. {X} Do yo- any different kinds of fences uh in town? Uh fences th- that used to used to see around uh around uh houses? A short uh a fence for instance that might be out in front of a house painted white? 117: Oh that was a picket fence. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: Made with some square pickets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And then there was a paling fence. Interviewer: How do those differ? 117: The difference? {NS} Well a picket was a was an ornamental fence more and it was and a paling was a flat thing about four inches wide. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And it various length and then those {NS} And it could go on in a in the town where you had a {D: briar} fence this it would be solid board call that a {D: briar} fence. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 Then # you had these horizontal types. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {X} Interviewer: Is there a name for the horizontal the the uh for the horizontal types? 117: I wouldn't know any #1 names for those # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 But a # blind a blind fence is more like is like a almost like a wall right? 117: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 This this # 117: solid wall. Interviewer: You can't see #1 see # 117: #2 used to # When we lived in town we had {D:blind, briar} fences between us and our neighbors. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see they give you some privacy in the 117: That's #1 right # Interviewer: #2 in the # backyard. Um. Uh are there any different kinds of wire fences? 117: Well yes there was uh difference in types of wire barbed wire was what I used and now you take those loom wire fences they were too expensive for for me to use only limited quantities. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: I use uh that {D:olden} wire it's a You know what {X} Interviewer: Well it's like they called a cyclone fence like you see around factories that kind of 117: That's #1 right and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: there was a lighter than this it was a lighter than a cyclone. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {D:It was} # It was a lighter farm fence than that. Interviewer: I se- 117: {X} heights Interviewer: Uh-huh. But a but a a wire just a an ordinary wire fence that uh you sometimes see on fires that are not that that don't have barbs on them Um just a um uh 117: Is it wool wire you're talking Interviewer: No just ordinary wire. 117: #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 {D:Okay} # 117: a straight wire? Interviewer: #1 Yes. # 117: #2 {X} # {X} is not It was never satisfactory because {NS} you couldn't keep tightening it. Interviewer: I see. Um. What is a a a term for um um expensive or good dishware? 117: Good what? Interviewer: Dishware. Dishes you know? 117: You talking about china? Interviewer: Yeah. Now di- do you do you remember a um um {NW} You raised you had chickens didn't you? 117: Huh? Interviewer: You had chickens didn't you? 117: Yeah. Interviewer: On your farm. Something you put in the in the chicken um nest. Uh the hen's nest the fooler. 117: Oh you talking about those uh eggs. There's made of {D:parson} I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you remember what they were called? 117: I do not. Interviewer: Okay. Well I was wondering if you ever called it a china egg? Or a or a nest egg. 117: Well they were they were made of china those Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: eggs but we didn't have to we didn't have to use them our our hen #1 laid # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: without those Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The the term nest egg though isn't familiar to you? 117: When you go to nest egg and there was uh You could mark a certain egg and leave it in the nest for oh a long period of time Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: {D: and uh.} Interviewer: #1 Well that was # 117: #2 {X} # I wasn't I didn't have any chickens. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Uh what do you uh when you went out to when you went out to the well or out to the pump uh you brought the water back to the house in a what? 117: In a bucket. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh 117: A cedar bucket at that. Interviewer: I see. Um. {NW} What other kinds of uh buckets were there besides cedar buckets? Was that the only kind? 117: Oh there was just pine buckets #1 and so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: forth so {D:I, almost} but up at the house they had steel buckets. Interviewer: I see. Um and what was used How did you take the when you take uh um the you took um garbage or out of the house or um uh {NS} {X} food that wasn't eaten out say if you can take it out and give it to the hogs. What would you call that thing that you might carry it out #1 in? # 117: #2 We call # that a slop bucket. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And uh what um uh now in the city though you don't uh You'd call what would you call it in the city? The thing you put your your um um 117: {NS} You got me I'm a country boy I don't know what you call it Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 in the city. # Interviewer: Well the what do you call the people that come around and pick this stuff up? {NS} You know the city {NS} sends 117: The garbage collector? Interviewer: #1 Right. Yeah # 117: #2 Mm-hmm. Yes # Interviewer: That's what I was getting at. Um. What {X} You're gonna fry an egg you put it into what? 117: What? Interviewer: Frying an egg an an implement in the kitchen used to fry an egg? 117: Talking about a skillet? Interviewer: Okay. 117: Alright. Interviewer: Alright. Is a skillet the same thing is is are there is a skillet different from something else? Uh uh similar to that or do you call all those things that you fry eggs in skillets? 117: Well you have a skillet and you have a baker you have a baker that you could bake bread on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How does a- 117: A a baker didn't have any the {D: up friars} A skillet was They got both of 'em brown they were Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 generally # made out of cast. Now you getting me back when I was at home. Interviewer: Okay good. 117: They were they were cast and a skillet had a a rim about that high up. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 And then it would hold a # it holds lots of grease so you could do fry a chicken in a skillet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It would hold what did you say? 117: Huh? Interviewer: It would hold what? 117: It would hold a lots of of grease #1 I see. # Interviewer: #2 Because you # 117: could fry things in a skillet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: A baker didn't have anything and that's why you bake {X} bake a hoe cake. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Um {NW} what's a hoe cake? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What is a wha- #1 is # 117: #2 What is a # hoe cake? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 Whole # cake. I mean it's it's some cornmeal and a little {D:longer} and {NS} you bake it {X} one side and put 'em over and bake 'em on Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 the other. You ain't # ever had a whole cake you ain't lived Interviewer: Okay. #1 Is that # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: is that is that flat? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is it flat? 117: #1 Yeah it is # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: flat. Interviewer: It's a flat um a flat piece no I don't think I ever have. Now if you ain't ever had a whole cake now if 117: #1 you want # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: to the best of eating in the world you'll never get it that's uh ash cakes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's an ash cake? 117: An ash cake was one that they used to take cornmeal and and water and put it in a shook and put it in the hot embers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And when it come off got done there was You know the difference between an ember and a coal don't you? Interviewer: {NS} Well then at the embers 117: #1 Embers # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: E-M-B-E- #1 R-S. Embers. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. {X} Yeah # the embers are the ones that are declining 117: #1 Embers # Interviewer: #2 right? # 117: is a is a red hot ashes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And you put the ash cake in there and you went down there Elizabeth's house and and {X} line had a ash cake down there and you'd bend down the {X} and had the best coal heap in the world. #1 Cornmeal # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: in the world. Interviewer: Is that right no I don't think I've ever had it. Um. Uh what did you call a a heavy iron pot uh that you might use to uh to boil potatoes in? 117: A pot's all we called it. Interviewer: Alright. How about something to boil water for tea? 117: Boil for tea? That's a kettle. Interviewer: Alright. And something you put cut flowers in? 117: Cut flowers in? You call that a vase I reckon. Interviewer: Alright. And at the table the three implements that you have to um uh to eat with? 117: You got a knife and a fork and a spoon. Interviewer: Alright. Now what's the plural of knife? {NS} 117: {NW} {NS} Two knives. {C:laughing} Interviewer: Yeah that's right. That's right Uh-huh. Um. {NS} Now after working in the barn you might what your hands before {NW} before you eat? {NS} 117: Before eating? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: You wanna wanna wash them hands? Interviewer: #1 No that's # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: No no I that's what I wanted you uh to yeah well um uh Now after a um a large uh um meal now the {D:usually} the woman's going to do the dishes. Um she'll wash them and then she'll hold them under clear water and she'll do what? With the the dish to get the soap off. 117: Are you talking about rinsing the soap off? Interviewer: Yes. Uh and then something she might use to remove pieces of food from the plates. 117: Oh you scratch that out with {D:anything from a couple of hands} to remove the food I Interviewer: Okay. Um how about a piece of cloth she might use? {X} to in uh 117: What you talking about dish rags? Interviewer: Okay and then something for drying the dishes 117: Well that would be a a cup towels. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {X} are there a- Name some different kinds of towels. 117: Well Interviewer: Other than a than a cup towel other kinds of towels you have in the house {NS} 117: Well you you getting me lost now. Interviewer: Alright. What would you call that the big towel? 117: That's a big bath towel. Interviewer: Alright. #1 And then # 117: #2 Then # you have you have a hand towel is that the You you got the most of them {X} housekeep. Interviewer: Okay. {C:laughing} Uh. It you go in the kitchen you wanna get a drink of water you turn on the um the turn the water on the water comes out of the what? 117: Over the faucet. Interviewer: Alright. And what would you call that outside the house? You have one on the side of the house and you put a hose #1 to it # 117: #2 Called # a hydrant. Interviewer: Alright. Uh did you ever call it anything other than a faucet? 117: Nope Nope. Interviewer: Alright. #1 You're not # 117: #2 Tap # you talking about? Interviewer: No. #1 Another one. # 117: #2 {X} # Well what do what do {C:laughing} Interviewer: I'll say the #1 word # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: spicket or spigot. 117: Well no a spigot that'll that come out the Suet barrels are spigots. Interviewer: Okay. Um. 117: That's why you had your soil {D:tin} in the barrels in the smokehouse. You ain't said nothing about a smokehouse yet? Interviewer: No {X} Well tell me about a smokehouse. #1 Do you want # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: Describe a smokehouse for me maybe there's some things I'm missing there what uh uh what uh what kinds of things were in a smokehouse? 117: Everything's in a smokehouse. Interviewer: Is that right? 117: Smokehouse was a in my place it's a log building. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And up overhead you had poles and there you you cured your hogs and uh but 'em in brine in a barrel or something in salt for a certain length of time then there were pig mount and hung up there and you smoked it. #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: where the smoke come in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 117: And there your meats cured out in March you you'd take 'em out and you and uh start that smoke you know {X} use hickories chips. #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: let it uh blaze up and have to watch that and keep it just smoked and a {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And it give your meat a It'll cure your meat and give 'em a delicious flavor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How long did you uh how long did you have to smoke things? Um before you could eat them? 117: I I I didn't know. That wasn't my job. Interviewer: I see. But did you you you say you did the you you slaughtered the hogs in the um uh {X} #1 in # 117: #2 And you # stored your meat in the smokehouse and that's where you put your barrows and suet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And you raised your suet We was raised on suet and cornbread #1 that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: And ho- and hog meat. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of {D:syrup,suet}? 117: Oh you made it out of {X} plant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: The {X} folks used ribbon cakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That was that was more expensive? 117: Huh? Interviewer: That was more expensive? 117: And yes and hard to grow and then uh {X} he old {D: sauder man} make a quick growth and you know it made seeds you {X} {D: sedum} seeds it This other {X} stuff you had to put save so much {X} canes you know the canes that you'd grind up and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And the fall you'd have {D:bared} so much So very few folks fooled with the {X} cane. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um {NS} wh- you said that uh talking about a uh you said a barrel for the syrup {X} it's called a small something like a barrel only it's smaller that uh uh that you uh that nails would come in? 117: Oh a barrel would hold hold thirty gallons. Interviewer: Okay something much smaller than a barrel though. #1 Bout this # 117: #2 That'd be # a keg. Interviewer: Okay. And you remember what you call those things that go around barrels to keep the staves in place? 117: They're hooks. Interviewer: Okay. And in a in a country store where molasses or lard might be displayed um uh in a they'd have it out on one of 117: They what? Interviewer: They'd have the molasses or lard out for on display. Would you have a special name for that uh form uh that it might be displayed on? 117: That you have it in barrels now. You could use stuff in tierces I did despise 'em. When I went to the store they had the lard come in a tierce which is just a bigger bigger barrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What'd you call that? 117: Tierce. T-I-E-R-C-E. Tierce. I reckon that's way you Interviewer: #1 pronounce it # 117: #2 Uh-huh. # {D:No looking books} Interviewer: #1 {D:No I see it} # 117: #2 called a tierce. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: We used to get lard in tierces. Interviewer: Uh and you didn't like that cause they were so 117: #1 Oh my # Interviewer: #2 heavy? # 117: god it's such a {X} you'd get greasy from here on down Interviewer: {NW} Uh. If you were pouring something from a large say sugar from a larger container into a smaller one and you met use 117: have a farmer yeah yeah yeah you had to have a farmer Interviewer: Alright. And something you use to might crack over a horse to make it move? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Crack this to make a horse move? 117: You mean a whip? Interviewer: Yeah. And if you were doing that you'd say you were doing what to the horse? You were 117: I didn't have any kind of horses that needed that. Interviewer: Alright if you went to the store and bought a dozen oranges the grocer might put them in a Buy a dozen oranges or apples. The grocer might put them into a 117: What a bag? Interviewer: Alright what is a bag usually made of? 117: What is a bag made of? Well there's a paper bag just like you have Interviewer: Alright. 117: present day Interviewer: Right now if you were gonna buy a hun- buy a hundred pounds of potatoes at a at a store 117: A hundred pounds of potatoes would be in a {X} sack. Interviewer: Okay. Um. The uh the amount of corn that could be milled at one time. What would you call that? You're gonna mill corn and the the amount that could be done at one time? Did you have a 117: You talking about a bushel? Interviewer: Well a bushel a bushel is fine or I was thinking of a bushel or if you use the term uh 117: #1 a # Interviewer: #2 uh # 117: toll if you Interviewer: A what? 117: Toll. Interviewer: A toll of of corn? #1 Or a turn? # 117: #2 {X} don't # quite get what you're Interviewer: Well like a turn of corn or a a 117: A turn {X} that's what you're talking #1 about # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: That's something we we just called 'em a bag but a {X} used to put them on for a {X} to the mill. Put 'em on the {X} and you hop up from behind it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # a mill. Interviewer: #1 That's # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah 117: That's what he's talking about Interviewer: Oh 117: {X} Interviewer: Right okay fine. Now. Do you have a name for a for a partial load of wood or coal or something that you might have on a wagon? 117: A partial load? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: No I didn't have a name for Interviewer: Even just something like a half load or a jag or something 117: #1 No I # Interviewer: #2 like that. # 117: didn't get that. We didn't get that. Interviewer: Okay. And the amount that you could carry at one time in your arms talking about wood. Say I had a what of wood? 117: You talking about a ton? Interviewer: Well okay or an arm full or an arm load. Either of those familiar? 117: Well I can tell you {X} Interviewer: Using the term arm what would you say? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: You know using the term arm. 117: I think I would use uh that. I remember we had occasion to use that. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And when women uh on wash days they women take the clothes out of the wash house or or the basement or wherever they're doing the kitchen wherever they're doing the washing They carry it out to the yard in a 117: Now what you hunting? Interviewer: Well I was seeing if either a laundry basket or a clothes basket? 117: Well in {X} we called it clothes basket. Interviewer: Alright. And so th- different kinds of stoppers for bottles. You know you open up a bottle and you take a permanent cap off a bottle and then you put a temporary cap back in it if you don't use the whole uh amount {NS} 117: A bottle stopper what's Interviewer: Right. That's fine. What wood did they used to be made of? They almost all 117: They were cork. Interviewer: Alright. 117: And if you couldn't do no better could you could make a paper stopper if you lost the cork. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what um How is that made do you mean just just tearing off a piece of paper and uh 117: Just keep {D:riding up and you} {D:keep pitting} and stop the uh stop the bottle yeah. Interviewer: I see. Now this is a musical in- little musical instrument that children use to blow on 117: Oh you talking about a {X} #1 I never # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 117: could blow one. Interviewer: Okay. And then a uh a the one that they used to hold between the teeth and {D:playing} 117: {X} I couldn't blow that either. Interviewer: Okay. And something you use to drive nails with? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Drive nails with. 117: A hammer? Interviewer: Sure. Now these are a couple of parts of a wagon. The part that went up between two horses? 117: That's a tongue Interviewer: Alright and then a buggy the parts that went up on the side? 117: {D:A shed} Interviewer: And the part on the ba- on the front of the wagon that they would pull on? {NS} You know those things that sometimes there was one all the way across 117: Oh you're talking about a doubletree? Interviewer: Alright. Double tree. now is a doubletree two pieces or one 117: Double tree {D:with,are} one piece with a {D:single} {X} added on to Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 the double # tree. Interviewer: And and the single trees were were separate 117: #1 They were # Interviewer: #2 uh # 117: rigged to the horse. A doubletree you were went uh across all the Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 in the # {D:tongue} It was balanced {D:about} that. Interviewer: Okay. 117: And so Interviewer: Alright. And the um the part of a wheel that the what do you call the the iron part of a wheel? 117: That's a tire Interviewer: All right what was that attached to? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: What was that attached to? 117: To a {X} Wait wait a minute #1 a rim # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: a rim rim. Interviewer: Alright. 117: Felloes. What was a felloes by the way? Interviewer: That's very good. The 117: #1 spokes # Interviewer: #2 fe- # 117: {X} Interviewer: Yeah no the felloe is the the spokes went into the felloe I think and then the the outer part uh uh of that of the {X} the rim the tire was on the rim. Or sometimes people called the rim and the tire the the 117: The rim was a was a {NS} Interviewer: The outer 117: The piece of wood that shapes the {X} and then you had holes where the spokes Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {D:went in} # Darned if I know what felloe was {X} Interviewer: I think the felloe was the is another name for that same thing that the spokes went into. 117: I think the felloe was a hole or something like that. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 117: #2 {X} Okay. # I'm not too good about that I mean Interviewer: Alright. Um. And if you were moving wood from one place to another all day long you might say we were doing what? We've been been moving wood back and forth you know all day long. Would you you wouldn't say we've been moving wood Would you say we've been um 117: Got no word for that. Interviewer: {X} like hauling? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Hauling 117: #1 Oh yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 wood? # 117: yeah {X} Yeah that's right we was hauling wood Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And if you had if you were ge- if you were uh clearing a field. Clearing the field. You'd say they had to do what to the stumps? They had to after they loosened them they would have to t- to get them away they would have to stumps you know tree trunks that they dig out of the ground. And they dig 'em out of the ground and then they might uh if you had a great big tree trunk you might have to attach it to a mule and then the mule would what it off the field? 117: Well you see they didn't do much {X} in my days {D:You didn't even} Interviewer: Didn't bother #1 {D:with it} # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Huh. # 117: #2 We didn't do that. # Interviewer: #1 Huh. # 117: #2 And I # know they had {X} We used to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: take those stumps out {X} But they didn't #1 And I never # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 117: pulled them out. Interviewer: I see. Well what I was getting at is the word drag. 117: What? Interviewer: Drag. 117: Drag. Interviewer: Yeah. And so today you say today they drag it out of the field yesterday they they did what with the same using the same word? Today they drag it 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yesterday # 117: they pulled it. Interviewer: Uh can you use drag. Use a form of drag. Yeah today they drag it yesterday they 117: Drug it is that Interviewer: #1 Sure. Okay. Alright # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And then uh they have the stumps uh out of these fields for years and they still aren't finished. You would say they they have 117: {D:You'd get me} Interviewer: #1 So I'm getting {X} # 117: #2 {X} # You'd Interviewer: #1 No. # 117: #2 get me # on the third grade Interviewer: #1 No no no no # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I was just getting at hear you say they have dragged it or they have drug it That's all I 117: #1 I'd # Interviewer: #2 wanted # 117: say they drug it. Interviewer: Okay. 117: I drug it. Interviewer: Okay and they have drug it you'd say. 117: Yeah Interviewer: #1 And that's # 117: #2 well # I've realized whatever the results of it I'd say they already {X} say they already drug it. Interviewer: Alright. Um now the inst- the implement that's used for turning soil 117: What you talking about a plow? Interviewer: Now would you name some different kinds of plows for me? 117: Well you you had a mouldboard plow. You had a {X} plow. But you had a mouldboard plow that would would {X} Interviewer: Alright how is that sp- how do you spell that? 117: Mouldboard? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: M-O-U-L-D-B-O-A-R-D. Interviewer: A moul- a mouldboard huh. I see. And and that was kind of a an all-purpose plow? 117: It's an all-purpose plow it's the kind that you had it that That's what the dirt was {D:flying} up on. #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: {D:which you} {X} {X} soil with the plow. Interviewer: I see. And then were there any di- what could you name some different kinds of plows that 117: Well you had a plow that was just a straight down the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: arm {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: so go ahead and go Interviewer: That have any special name? 117: Mm-mm no I don't think so I don't know what it Oh yes it had various names but I wouldn't get it I {X} Interviewer: I see well I was just wondering if you how the term a for instance the scooter plow? Do ya know 117: Oh a scooter bulldoze {D:this thing} a scooter bulldoze {D:on this} this plow from back going down under there #1 The # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: the part of the plow would be a scooter yeah. Interviewer: Uh the scooter then is a part of the plow rather than the #1 plow itself. # 117: #2 The scooter # would be the part of the plow yeah that's type of plow. Interviewer: I see. And um something after you uh after you plow that you might uh uh use to break up the the pieces of dirt and 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh # 117: talking about a harrow? Interviewer: Okay right. 117: You got various types of harrows Interviewer: #1 What # 117: #2 you got # Interviewer: what kinds were there {X} 117: Well you had a disc harrow then you had a a {D:proof} harrow {X} harrow Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: So I {X} that wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And then you had spring teeth. I had two I had two harrows out there when I first Interviewer: I see. The spring tooth is the one that kinda comes around like that. 117: It's like it is it's made with springs {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And uh the pegs is just straight down and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: and there's two different types of them #1 harrows. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Uh. Something if you were gonna saw wood gonna saw wood do you put it up on this thing 117: Talking about a sawbuck? Interviewer: Alright. Now does a sawbuck have an "x" frame or an "a" frame? Is it like this 117: #1 An "x" frame # Interviewer: #2 or # Alright an "x" frame is a sawbuck. What did you call the one that has an "a" frame? 117: I wouldn't know him. Interviewer: Um. The um that um It's almost like a piece of carpenter's equipment. 117: #1 I wouldn't know it. # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever used the term # sawhorse? 117: Who? Interviewer: Sawhorse. 117: Oh a sawhorse Yeah yeah I know what you're talking about now but He's different from You take have to have about two of them. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: To balance your thing a a a book's all they made like that and Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 There's no # {D:proper way} to balance it. {X} Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {X} # who you're talking about going to saw a number with your with your sawhorse he's a made like that. Interviewer: The "a" frame right? {NW} Okay. And you might use a comb on your hair or you might use a 117: brush? Interviewer: Alright and instead of firing uh you you fire shells in a shotgun uh in a rifle you fire a not a sh- you don't call that a shell in a rifle you call it a 117: Cartridge? Interviewer: Yeah. And this is something that children play on one sits on either end and it goes up and down like that 117: What a seesaw? Interviewer: Sure. And when kids are doing this what do you say they're doing? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: When children are doing this You s- what do you say they're doing? 117: Seesawing. Interviewer: Okay and were there any other uh uh homemade uh uh playthings like this that you're fa- you remember? 117: Yeah yeah yeah was a big old oak {D:raven} hung up on the end of the tree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And uh you'd get in there and you'd stand up and pump. Interviewer: I see. 117: And the log it was {X} somebody would run over here and you {NS} if he rewind his {X} to a swinging oak Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: and in that's the way he let the cat die that's when {X} Interviewer: Oh you 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 call that # 117: motion. Interviewer: Call that letting the cat die #1 huh # 117: #2 letting the cat die # Interviewer: #1 I see # 117: #2 the swing # {X} Interviewer: I #1 see # 117: #2 {X} swinging # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And do you remember uh a um uh a homemade merry-go-round? 117: Yeah yeah yeah yeah I remember {D:those} Interviewer: Remember what that was called? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Did that have any special name 117: It might have but I my neighbors had one I didn't have one of #1 those things # Interviewer: #2 I see. # A- um the uh I was thinking of the term flying jenny? If that was a flying jenny. 117: I guess that's what Interviewer: Or or a uh uh a board a uh a limber board long limber board that kids would sit on it was attached to either end. #1 Sometimes # 117: #2 {X} # That thing had a a post in the ground with a iron pillar up here. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 And an # old board that and and it was I was too little to {X} They get around and they run around and then you liable to fall off. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 I was too # little to be permitted to ride on #1 flying # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: jennies. Interviewer: I see that was a flying jenny though #1 I see. # 117: #2 That's a flying # Interviewer: #1 Was it was # 117: #2 jenny. # Interviewer: I see. Okay. Uh if you have a uh um a coal stove 117: A what? Interviewer: A coal stove in the house. A coal stove. 117: We didn't use coal we had a wooden stove. Interviewer: Okay. 117: #1 We had # Interviewer: #2 But # 117: fireplaces. Interviewer: Alright. If uh the d- do you know what you'd call a small container for coal? That you'd keep near a um near 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 a # Sure. And if you're and when you clean out the uh you we're talking {D:the whole} about cleaning the cleaning soot out. Would say you clean the soot out of the what? 117: Chimney? Interviewer: Yeah or this is something on the stove. 117: A stove pipe? Interviewer: Sure. 117: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 And # this has one wheel and two handles and you use it to 117: Wheelbarrow. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 A-alright # And now these are several different kinds of things for sharpening uh uh implements. 117: A grindstone is what I Interviewer: Alright. That's the 117: #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 one # 117: I had a little uh ember wheel from a mowing machine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How about something that a a a kind of rock or stone that you might hold in your hand? 117: A stone? Interviewer: A s- yeah would you call that anything special or just a stone? That you might use for sharpening say a scythe or uh an ax. 117: Oh well all I know is a grindstone you had it And I had plenty of grind- #1 -stones # Interviewer: #2 I see # 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I was thinking of some- # either a a a whetstone or 117: Oh yes a a whetstone I didn't Interviewer: didn't use that though huh. The emery the emery wheel though that was a uh that was a uh smaller grindstone. 117: That's right it Interviewer: {NS} 117: That emery wheel was thing who you your mowing machine you it it fits your mowing machine blades {X} Interviewer: Alright. And um uh talked about before about a uh these uh the well the I I drove up here in a what? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: I drove up here I drove down from Atlanta in a what? 117: In an automobile. Interviewer: Alright or more 117: motor vehicle {D:what} Interviewer: Oh just uh a simpler word a shorter word than 117: Car? Interviewer: Sure. Uh. But you usually use the term automobile when you're 117: Yeah I I I would say automobile I didn't Interviewer: Okay. Um. The um when you take a car into a a gas station uh you might have 'em check the water and 117: oil? Interviewer: Right. Now before they had electricity people used to to burn what in their lamps? 117: We'd burn kerosene. Interviewer: Alright you ever called it anything else? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else? 117: No I I really think kerosene. We said kerosene. Interviewer: Alright. And and uh uh if you built a boat little boat ya know and you took it down to the water you were gonna put it into the water for the first time you say we're going to do what the boat? 117: Launch it? Interviewer: Okay. And um is there any difference you name some different kinds of um of um of boats? That were um uh uh found around here that kind of boats were used in rivers and streams #1 around here? # 117: #2 Only thing # I know was was just an ordinary bateau. And uh a ferryboat only thing that I Interviewer: #1 know of. # 117: #2 Alright. # Interviewer: Now {NW} was a bateau a homemade boat? 117: That's right it a homemade boat. Interviewer: What what were they what did they look like? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What did they look like? 117: Well they were long and narrow fellas that uh could hold about four people. They were they were Interviewer: I see. {NW} Two could two people sit side by side in one of these? 117: In some instances in that middle thing that they'll {D:they'll run} at the back that you could steer. We used to #1 {D:drive} the boat # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: and you'd stand on sit up there and you'd pull your oars you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: to go up and down the river #1 {D:with} # Interviewer: #2 Alright # I was thinking of the term rowboat 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 but that is # 117: rowboat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: Well I guess a bateau and a rowboat would be the same thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um a little child is um looking for a an article of clothing. Now a little child running around the house uh looking for a we'll say several articles of clothing. Um the mother might call to the child and say here- having found the ya know the clothes. The mother would say here- Getting at would you say here's your clothes or here are your clothes. 117: You you your you're losing me because uh I was the youngest child #1 of three # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: and I don't know who {X} Interviewer: Okay. Well it doesn't have to be uh it it doesn't have to have it doesn't necessarily concern raising chil- It's just whether you would say if you're talking about something like 117: Here's here's here they are Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 Is that # what you're talking Interviewer: #1 Right. # 117: #2 bout? # I say here they are. {X} I say here is this Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 thing. # Interviewer: Alright when you're talking about about people um talking about people uh thinking something. Uh would you say there are many people who think so or there is many people who think so? 117: Well I say many people think so. Interviewer: Okay. So avoid 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And the- and then you'd get around to questioning the uh yo- then then you wouldn't be uh uh confronted with the problem I mean that would get you around the um decision to say there is many or there are many that's what I was getting at. Um if um you're petting a dog. You're petting a dog and uh he shies away from you. You might say to the dog That's alright- going to hurt you. I- going to hurt you. You want to reassure him. You want to reassure the dog. 117: If I were to talk to him I'd say I ain't gonna hurt you. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now Alright that's interesting now you you'd talk that way to the dog Uh why do you suppose you'd talk that way to the dog? 117: Why did I do that? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Wh- # 117: reassure him. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 That's what's happening. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. But um um Are there any uh uh any other uh situations in which you'd use ain't {X} Or would you limit that to the talking to dogs? 117: Ain't {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Buddy I'm I'm a {C: laughing} I I can {C:laughing} {X} many many instances. Interviewer: Okay. Under what circum- I mean 117: I ain't go out to get this interview. Interviewer: Okay. Alright fine. Alright but is that really uh um That I mean that's a um uh a uh a a usual a regular normal expression in your in your speech? 117: Could be. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But is it do you do you kind- do you use it for any for any purpose or uh that's exactly what I'm getting at you see. 117: {X} use that {X} Interviewer: Okay. 117: Oh {X} {D:try to} be more sophisticated. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um. If you were talking to a close friend of yours now and they're passing food around and they they seem to have skipped you you know they seem to have passed you by with the a bowl of potatoes or something and you might w- you and you want them the- they've uh they've passed the bowl of potatoes around 117: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you know # the table and they haven't uh they've gone right by you. And you might ask you want to know if you're going to get some. What might you say? 117: What would I say to them? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I'd say I'd like to have some of those potatoes please. Interviewer: Sure. But then you might ask the question Um Ain't I going to get some? Or um 117: I wouldn't ain't {NW} I wouldn't ain't at the table Interviewer: Uh-huh you wouldn't ain't at the #1 table huh. # 117: #2 I wouldn't ain't at the # Interviewer: Okay that's good. Alright you wouldn't ain't at the table there you that's that's uh uh um {NW} So you associate that that form with a with a special kind of a situation? Being at the at the uh uh You don't use ain't at the table is that 117: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah? 117: If I was emphatic then I'd say I ain't {D:while I do it} now there there there's a {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: I I Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 I # {D:want to, going to} put {X} possibility Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 you're in # but I don't think I'd ain't at the table. I wouldn't ain't it ain't I gone get none I wouldn't do that. Interviewer: Okay fine that's w- that's that's very good that's uh um um 117: Personally I believe I'd do a {X} I do. Interviewer: Eh 117: If I do a {X} I think I'd just do an {X} Interviewer: I see alright. Um if you're not sure you're right about something. You might ask someone I'm right- You you know you're asking uh a question of someone you you're trying to find out if you're right about 117: #1 Well I would ask # Interviewer: #2 something. # 117: you Am I right or wrong? Interviewer: Uh-huh Or 117: #1 is it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: {X} Interviewer: Right. But now let's turn it around. 117: Alright. Interviewer: And put it this way. And you'd begin this sentence this way. I'm right- and then what would you say after that? I'm right- 117: I'd say that I'm {X} Interviewer: #1 No. {X} # 117: #2 I'm right. # Interviewer: I'm right- You'd say would you be inclined to say I'm right- 117: Sure? Interviewer: That's the idea I'm right but you're not sure you see you say I'm right- am I not I'm right ain't I I'm right aren't I. I'm right aren't I I'm right ain't I I'm right am I not which of 117: Oh yeah that that's when I'd say ain't I right. Interviewer: Ain't I 117: #1 Ain't I right? # Interviewer: #2 right? I'm right # ain't I? Okay that's what I 117: Well that's the way I'd use it yes. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone asks you about breaking a window a window having been broken you know and someone says did you break that window? And you'd say no it- to let 'em know that you didn't do it. Say did you break that window? And you'd say no it- wa- 117: It wasn't. I don't know. Interviewer: #1 That's exactly right. {X} # 117: #2 {X} # broken Interviewer: #1 No. # 117: #2 window # Interviewer: No I was getting at would you say it wasn't me or it wasn't I {NW} Which of those sounds more more natural to you? 117: I don't think I'd qualify it if I didn't break it. Interviewer: Alright. Okay you wouldn't even #1 uh # 117: #2 I # wouldn't think I'd really need to qualify. Interviewer: Alright. Um if you wanted eh to um um you were gonna you were thinking about buying some cloth for some purpose or uh uh something uh and you might go to the store and get a small piece to bring home uh to examine. 117: Alright so I got a little {X} Interviewer: Y- okay right. 117: A sample. #1 Yes yep. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # that's exactly right. If um uh A woman has on a dress that's very attractive you might say that's a very what dress she has on today? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Um or we talked about a little girl you say that's an awfully what little girl that's a 117: I'd say that's a mighty pretty dress. Interviewer: Okay very fine. Now if going from there to to one that's even more so say this dress is pretty but this dress 117: #1 This # Interviewer: #2 is e- # 117: over here is more beautiful. Interviewer: Okay but use the word pretty. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Use the word pretty. 117: It's prettier. #1 I put # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 117: #1 E-R I # Interviewer: #2 That's what. Alright # 117: It's a prettier dress. Interviewer: Alright and then the one that the uh that's that's even prettier than that it's 117: It's the prettiest, yes. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Alright. Interviewer: Alright and something a woman might wear over her dress when she's uh doing the cooking? 117: Talking about an apron? Interviewer: Right and um the uh a man goes out on a cold day he might put on a 117: A jacket? Interviewer: Alright or something a little longer than the jacket. 117: Overcoat? Interviewer: Alright and something he might wear between his shirt and his coat? 117: A vest. Interviewer: Alright and these are what? 117: I think them are britches. Interviewer: Okay. Do y- you call them all is there 117: Ah they're they're still britches to me they ain't flax they're still old britches. Interviewer: Okay. Okay fine. Now um um Say it's uh um It looks like a storm is is 117: #1 brewing? # Interviewer: #2 uh # Okay and you'd say um if that were happening what would you say about a storm you'd say the storm a storm is doing what? so it what was how would you describe this in terms of the weather? You'd say what would you say is happening to the weather? 117: About a severe storm? Interviewer: Yeah before or or first what would you what would you call a severe storm? What would you call a storm that uh uh uh that had thunder and lightning? 117: Well you'd call it a thunderstorm don't I know Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 or a # {X} storm whichever Interviewer: Okay now uh do y- you don't have any any special names for a heavy rain of short duration though? 117: Heavy rains? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Well it seem liked it was I don't think I get it. Interviewer: I was thinking something like a toad strangler or a gully washer or a trash mover 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 or some- {X} # Uh or something something else uh along that line. Um Well if you're talking about the th- the um the weather it you'd say it's um th- the weather's been uh pleasant you know or and and then suddenly it changes for the worse you'd say the weather is doing what? 117: Moderating? What you talking about? Interviewer: Alright moderating would be when it's getting better wouldn't it? To say the weather's moderating that means the weather 117: You wanted when it's {X} {D:going the other way?} Interviewer: Right. 117: Mm-mm I don't know {X} Interviewer: Well I was wondering if you'd use something like uh uh changing or turning Don't have a can't think of a word for that. The weather's 117: #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 changing # 117: bustling there I say Interviewer: #1 Okay. Oh. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay fine. Now if uh if the weather was really threatening really getting bad and you wanted to you'd say we're gonna have to what the the cattle in we're gonna have to- The cattle's out there and if they 117: Herd up the cattle? Interviewer: Yeah and we have to go out and what them in? 117: Well we didn't {X} time going get the cattle up when it's gonna suddenly storm yeah but I don't know what you so want me to say Interviewer: Well I was talking about if you if you um uh uh if you go get something and and and get something in one place you'd say I I went there and I got it and then I what it home? Talk about the word bring. 117: Bring? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Yeah I'd bringing in the sheet Interviewer: #1 Okay # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: bringing in the sheet. Today I today I bring in the sheet yesterday I 117: brought in the Interviewer: #1 Right # 117: #2 sheet. # Interviewer: and many times I have- the sheet. Many times I have- 117: Brought in? Interviewer: Okay fine. Now uh say I tried on a coat the other day and it- what just fine it 117: Said what? Interviewer: Yo- I I went into the store and I tried on a a jacket and it- what just fine? 117: It didn't fit. Interviewer: Okay but say it did. #1 You say # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: You'd say it did though. You'd say that- just fine. 117: Well yeah well it fits. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: {D:It fit me so} it was a good fit. Interviewer: Okay it's oh so but you'd you'd probably say it fits it fit fine rather than it fitted huh? It fit fine. 117: I guess so. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you went and got a um uh uh {NW} say um a a a a new coat a coat and and pants and that match you call that a 117: What you talking about a suit? Interviewer: Alright and it wasn't an old one you just bought it it's a it wasn't old you just bought it it's what kind of a suit? 117: {X} suit? Interviewer: Not an old suit. 117: A zoot suit? Interviewer: Sure and If your pockets are all filled up with things and they they uh you know you'd say your pockets do what? Do you ever use the term bulge {C:pronunciation} or bulge? 117: Bulge? Interviewer: Sure. 117: Oh my britches are always baggy buddy. Interviewer: Okay. {C:laughing} 117: Ah my britches always baggy. Interviewer: Okay {C:laughing} alright. Now if um um You'd say I I hope that cheap shirt won't do what when I wash it? I hope it won't- 117: Draw. Interviewer: Okay that's fine though is there another word that you might use instead of draw up? Something we were talking about something getting smaller? 117: I don't know. Those cheap shirts {X} Interviewer: Yeah. They 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 draw # no draw up I'm talking about this i- 117: and cut the garments with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. No I've never uh never seen that's called a {D:whack} board then huh? Um now what were you saying about your what your mother used to do when she wa- when she'd make you a shirt? 117: She would shrink the cloth before she cut 'em. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 Before # she cut the garment. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Careful that {X} didn't have that draw up that shrinkage that you was talking about. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now so today you might {C:distortion} say today uh she shrinks the cloth. Yesterday she 117: Shrunk it. Interviewer: Okay. And um she has- the cloth. She has- 117: Well now if you want she has already shrunk the cloth Interviewer: #1 Right. # 117: #2 {D:already} # cut it. Interviewer: #1 That's ex- # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's just fine okay. Now if a woman likes to put on good clothes you might say she likes to do what? She likes to 117: Oh well I wouldn't I I wouldn't know what {X} When you gonna ask me about women I'm lost. Interviewer: Okay well {X} Just the idea of putting on fancy clothes uh putting on her Sunday clothes for example you'd say she she really likes to- 117: She likes to be well-dressed is what Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 I'd say # about Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 it. # Interviewer: Well I was thinking of something like dress up. 117: Well oh I dress up {X} She loves to dress up yeah that that's right uh Old miss Carol up here loves to dress up. Interviewer: Okay that's the idea. Now {X} the idea of uh now dress up is one but the idea of th- there's a term either primp up or prink up mean anything different to you? 117: Dress up and primp up? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Well I believe dress up {X} would encompass all those other things if I Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: I wouldn't think she'd be dressed up unless she primped. Interviewer: Okay. Now what does primping include? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What does primping 117: Oh that that's what to do with the with the face and dress up's the garments. Interviewer: Okay that's ri- that's fine. Now. Something that a um um a that a woman might carry uh in her hand 117: What you talking about a handbag? Interviewer: Alright. Now another name for a handbag? 117: Oh buddy it used to be a reticule where I Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: They used to call it that huh? 117: It was a reticule yeah. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. What was a reticule like? 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 Was it just # a 117: #1 {D:It it was a} # Interviewer: #2 um # 117: it's like these present day handbags look up the {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {X} # That's {X} for you. Interviewer: Alright that's fine. Now eh um but you you wouldn't make any it's it's um a something that a How about something that a man might carry change in his pocket? 117: You talking about a purse? Interviewer: Okay. And something that a woman might wear around her neck um w- made of beads? 117: Made of beads. A necklace? Interviewer: Alright. Now if you were a- a necklace is one word but it if you were talking about about beads um either a would you use the term either a uh a a string of beads or a pair of beads? 117: I'd use in a string. Interviewer: String okay. Um 117: What'd you say {X} Interviewer: The other's a pair of beads. 117: Ah I wouldn't know that #1 I never met # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 117: that word. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 117: #2 I # said a string of of beads. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright and um something that you open up on a rainy day and you 117: Umbrella. Interviewer: Alright. And uh 117: The ladies open a parasol. Interviewer: Okay. Now was a parasol shaped differently from an umbrella or 117: No it's just a primitive word. It's another umbrella. Interviewer: Of the same thing okay. Uh so I mean if you had one of those big black things it could be A man might call it an umbrella and a woman might call it a parasol although it's the same thing. Is that 117: I never #1 had looked up # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: the difference but Interviewer: No but I mean that's in your mind that's all I'm concerned with I'm not interested in the dictionary. Um but yes the dictionary is made up of generalizations of what people like you say you see there's nothing um the uh um. That's the onl- that's the only authority they have is uh what uh um the way the word is used. Um what do you call something you might put over a bed after you've when you've made up a bed something uh 117: You talking about the {D:last} {D:last thing}? Interviewer: That's right. 117: That's a {D: counting pin} Interviewer: Okay. Now eh when you're in bed you rest your head on a what? 117: Well a pillow. Interviewer: Alright. And do you remember a large pillow kind of round 117: Bolster? Interviewer: Alright. And that wouldn't go part way across the bed that would go 117: Is it entirely cross Interviewer: Alright. You might say entire length or you might say it goes what the bed? Would you ya 117: #1 It # Interviewer: #2 say # 117: goes all the way across the bed. Interviewer: Okay. And do you remember a a kind of washable blanket that women used to make? 117: A washable blanket? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Hmm. Interviewer: They used to get together and make these. Kind of a social event. 117: Don't know that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Some of 'em were tied. Some of 'em were sewn. Some of 'em were tied. They were stuffed and kinda thick. 117: Don't know I don't know nothing about. Interviewer: Made of patches of cloth. I was thinking of a quilt. You don't know the term quilt. 117: You say wilt? Interviewer: Quilt. 117: No I've not ever heard of that. Interviewer: Never heard of a quilt. 117: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what do you call a bed made up flat on the floor? 117: I don't know a pallet? #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 117: Raised on pallets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you used to sleep on a pallet when you were little? 117: Yeah I slept on a pallet many a time. Interviewer: Alright. Now then here we'll come back to a couple of farm terms. Some different kinds of of land that you can grow crops on. Um what would you call the best land on a on a farm? Say low-lying land. 117: What? Interviewer: Land down 117: You talking low-lying? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: That's bottoms. Interviewer: Okay. And then uh what would you call the other land? That isn't the bottom land? {NS} 117: We didn't make any designation except the bottoms was where you Your grass runs through that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: That's where you made your corn. Interviewer: Oh I see. You'd raise corn in them. Do y- do you raise cotton in the bottoms or 117: {X} cotton Cotton didn't adapt itself to the bottoms. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {X} # It was corn lands and then Interviewer: {D:Fine} 117: {D:Oak, oat} lands. Interviewer: Where did you plant the uh where did you plant the cotton? 117: The cotton was on the uplands. Yeah that Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 that's # Uh I guess that's why this Piedmont used to be the the real area of cotton-producing area of the of the South. Interviewer: Because there was so much upland you mean? #1 So much # 117: #2 It is # an upland crop. It is not it don't Not a lowland crop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: {D:Course, folks} they they're irrigating it now out in the west Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: the cotton belt has moved completely. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Uh do you have any terms for swampy land? 117: Huh? Interviewer: For swampy land. 117: Swampland. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Nothing but swamps Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And now some different kinds of soil. Some just names for different kinds of soil designations for different kinds of soil that you might have made on a farm wa- um on your farm. What would you call the best soil? 117: We didn't really have those #1 designations. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh did you ever di- what would you call the soil that you couldn't {D:use} where the top soil had been been washed away? Did you have any places like that? Where the top soil had been washed completely away? 117: {X} we called it wasteland {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh does the term loam mean anything #1 to you # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: Loam. Loam? Oh yeah yeah that's 117: #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 What's that? # 117: Loam is a is your best type of soil yeah. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And if you were trying to get the if it ha- it had a lot of rain or if um a branch had uh had overflown you might um um eh you might {X} get the water off the land you'd say you're gonna have to do what to that field? 117: What I have to drain it? Interviewer: Alright and how would you do that? 117: Oh in our days we {D: digged in open} ditches. Interviewer: Alright. Um eh how would you do that? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: How would you do that? 117: How'd we do make do that #1 ditches? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: You get your spade and go down there and then go to digging and throwing out the dirt to drain the water off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then it would eh you'd just you'd cut a cut a channel and then {NW} and then uh and then the wa- and then the water would run off is that the idea? 117: Well you see {X} Your loose spot's over there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: in that corner and yo-your {D:brook} stream is running like that {X} and then you get the lowest place and come in through here and you drain that. You take about a two foot ditch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: Oh that that's the the minimum is a two foot Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 ditch # And uh you drain that water out and it cuts it out as it comes from {NW} up here why it makes the drop into here and drains the water out from up there. Interviewer: I see. Um now what um uh what uh rivers or streams or branches are there around here? 117: The rivers and streams? Well you know you got the Chattahoochee over here. Interviewer: {NW} 117: And {D:in my area} Interviewer: How far is the Chattahoochee from here? 117: Chattahoochee from here is about uh it's a which way you go if you go up to {X} wouldn't be twelve fifteen miles. Interviewer: North. 117: The Chattahoochee runs through the west part of the county. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {X} Interviewer: It runs through Coweta County. 117: Mm-hmm. {NS} Let's see if I can show you I'll have a map #1 here should # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: Well this this {X} {NS} And I wanna tell you about the {NS} Now your Chattahoochee don't you see him that Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # County? Interviewer: Right. Uh-huh. Okay. Now are there any other uh any other rivers or streams around {NS} 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 in the # 117: yes you've got on the west um out there on my farm on the {D: crop and grain} of that land is stuck the head waters of of uh New River which runs into the Chattahoochee down here in uh Troup County. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And uh you've got uh {NS} you've got {D:Wall Hoop} Creek that uh goes in the Chattahoochee. You've got uh {D:Fido} Creek I presume goes into the Flint River. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: The drainage just It splits 'em through this area east goes to the Flint River and the west goes to uh Chattahoochee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you you you say the river that has its head waters on your on your farm is the 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 uh # That's that's the New River? 117: There's a there's a spring up there and {D:it,in} in that plot and grant when they surveyed this #1 area # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: they put head waters of the New River and that's on the old plot and grant Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 when it's issued in # eighteen so-and-so when Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: when uh the land was given out to Interviewer: I see. And something um um um uh something smaller what do you call something smaller than a creek? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Something smaller than a creek. 117: Smaller than a creek I calls them a branch. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what would you call a channel cut um by a stream or by a {D:rain,ring} through a field? 117: A gully you're talking about? Interviewer: Oh right. Um. And then what would you {D:Um I guess I'm} coming back to the soil I was talking about before. You were talking about a wasteland. But uh uh any basic eh basic terms for soil that has been affected by ya know erosion? {NS} 117: Well there's just nothing but {X} Interviewer: I see. Did you ever did you ever hear that called uh um uh natural natural ground? 117: Never heard that. Interviewer: Never heard that. Alright. Some what do you call something higher than a hill? 117: A mountain. Interviewer: Alright. And a uh a road through a mountain uh or a pass through a mountain what would that be called? 117: Would it be called a trail? Interviewer: Okay. And then uh if you were up on a a if you you were up on a mountain and you walked out on a a ledge that extended out off a mountain. Know what that would be called? 117: A ledge? I'd avoid 'em. I wouldn't know nothing about that. Interviewer: Okay I was thinking of something a cliff. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Cliff. 117: Cliff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then uh uh the plural of that would be what? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: One cliff two what? A cliff. 117: Uh I I don't know don't know those terms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} cliff alright. Now if a water's running along a river's running along and suddenly it falls off suddenly what do you call that? 117: A call it a fall. Interviewer: Alright 117: #1 Or shoals. # Interviewer: #2 and are there # Alright. Shoals or fall what's the difference between a shoals and a fall? 117: Well a shoals can be you can you can have a shoals which is small {X} while a fall is generally a a much more much larger di- dimensions you might Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 say and # a fall I wouldn't think I wouldn't call anything less than five six feet a f-fall. Interviewer: Alright {X} 117: And and shoals you just got the rocky The more I know {D:these shoals} {X} Interviewer: I see. Um. Now some different kinds of roads. Ya know in in a in in town and in the country. {NW} Uh that cars travel on. 117: Some different kinds of roads. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 117: I wouldn't know how to {X} Interviewer: Some of 'em well some of 'em are paved and some of 'em are not paved. And I just wondered if you made any 117: #1 You want a # Interviewer: #2 distinction. # 117: dirt road? Interviewer: Alright and now how about the different kinds of paved roads? 117: Well now I I wouldn't know how to classify those things it Our pavement first was was concrete and now they use different types. I wouldn't of A paved road is a paved road to me and a dirt road's a dirt road. Interviewer: Okay. And that's the only distinction made. Well I wonder if you use anything like a a a cement road or a tar road or a blacktop road or 117: Well that's what they used alright those terms the cement was the original Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: paving that we had. Interviewer: Alright. And if um uh is there a special term for a neighborhood road out in the country? 117: A neighborhood road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: Settlement road I don't know what to #1 call those. # Interviewer: #2 That's fine. # That's fine. Uh how about a uh uh a place where uh you um you might drive up to the house off the main road? It's a little road that uh that that leads up to the house from the main road. Say the mailbox is down there on the main road and then But you might drive your car up to get to the house you might drive up a 117: #1 I wouldn't know. I # Interviewer: #2 uh a smaller road. # 117: wouldn't know what to call him. Interviewer: Well I was thinking either a lane or a driveway. 117: Well a driveway's what I would've thought of but I Interviewer: Sure that's fine. And then something um um um uh something you might walk on through the through on a farm through the #1 field. # 117: #2 Path? # Interviewer: Okay and the plural of that is what? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: One path two? 117: Two paths. P-A-T-H-S. #1 Paths # Interviewer: #2 Okay # right. That's right. 117: {D:Now that's that's the way I used to} Interviewer: That's e- 117: That's that's the way I show up {X} plurals. Interviewer: That's right okay that's fine. Um. So uh you take something in your hand and you go like this you say you're- do what he 117: What what you want me to throw it or cast it? Interviewer: Well {X} the first one. 117: #1 You # Interviewer: #2 Um # 117: want me to throw it. Interviewer: Alright and today I throw it yesterday I 117: Threw. Interviewer: And many times I have 117: Thrown. Interviewer: Okay. And what is something you might pick up in a field and throw? 117: Well I picked up a rock. Interviewer: Alright. Now is there any special size that eh Can a rock be of any particular size? 117: In in my opinion it can be anything from a pebble up to a big rock. Interviewer: Okay. Um and in the expression There's the expression there's no place like 117: Home? Interviewer: Alright. And if you rang a friend's doorbell and no one answered you might say I guess nobody 117: Nobody {X} Nobody's at home Interviewer: Okay. And if you were um you were going uh into town with uh and you {D:wind up} talking to a friend. And you might say will you come what me will you come 117: And go with me into town? Interviewer: Right. And um {X} so uh did he come uh did he eh Then someone asks you Did he did he go with you? And you say uh you say no I came into town not 117: #1 Alone? # Interviewer: #2 with him # Yeah but use this the idea of with him di- did he Did you come into town with him and you say no I came into town not with him but 117: Before or after him is that what Interviewer: No he wasn't with you so you'd say Did he come into town with him 117: #1 Alone? # Interviewer: #2 and you'd say # Yeah that's the idea exactly. I came into town not with him I came into town- 117: I don't get what you're Interviewer: So well uh {X} I'm getting at is the 117: {X} Interviewer: Not with but Not with him 117: Without him? Interviewer: Sure. 117: Alright. Interviewer: That's that's all. Um. And was he walking toward or was he walking away from you? You'd say no he wasn't walking away from me he was walking 117: Toward me. Interviewer: Sure and you gave your son the name of an uncle let's say. You might say we named him 117: For him. Interviewer: Right. And a 117: You want me to say after #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Ei- # No I want you to no No I want you to I want you to say what's um uh ya know what's the uh what's what's comfortable um uh for you. Um A four-legged animal that barks is what? 117: What you talking about a quadruped? Interviewer: Uh-huh right. Yeah. One a barking animal. Might have for a pet. 117: A dog? Interviewer: Alright. Now i- how a call to a dog to attack another dog? 117: What's that? Interviewer: What would you might say to a dog to attack another dog? You want him to go after another dog. 117: And fight him? Interviewer: Yeah. What might you say to the dog? 117: Sic 'em on him? Interviewer: Sure. And then if you want a dog to come to you what might you say? 117: Come here I reckon. Interviewer: Sure. And {NW} what would you say to a dog to stop attacking someone? 117: It wouldn't be {X} {D:unprintable} what I'd say. Interviewer: Is that right? You won't say it for me huh? 117: Huh? Interviewer: You what {NW} Give me an idea. 117: Now when you get dogs I'm not much of a dog man. Interviewer: Okay. Um Do you have a term for a dog of mixed or unknown breed? 117: Mongrel yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And um um. Sometimes they have to to keep a dog uh tied up because the dog might what somebody? 117: Might bite 'em? Interviewer: Sure. And uh you'd say that does that dog bite? And you'd say oh yes he he what someone yesterday? He- 117: He bit him. Interviewer: Right. And he has- several people in the 117: #1 {D:has} # Interviewer: #2 last # 117: bitten through the lot of people Interviewer: #1 Right # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: Alright. And we were talking before about uh the milk-giving animal. The principal milk-giving animal. 117: Mammals {D:you talking about} Interviewer: Yeah they uh but what is the one that uh you have on a farm? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The one on a farm? 117: You're talking about a cow? Interviewer: Yeah and the male is a 117: Bull? Interviewer: Do you remember any any polite terms that were used around women um instead of {NW} using the word bull? 117: I must have used steer. Steer's a desexed one. Interviewer: Yeah. But you never heard of anything such as a male or a um uh 117: A male cow yeah I've heard of {X} Interviewer: Male cow. 117: Yeah yeah. Interviewer: Alright. And if you have d- if you were working in the field with uh um with animals uh what kind of animals do you did you used to use in the field? 117: I used horses and mules. Interviewer: Alright when you had {NW} two of them working together you'd say that you had a what of mules? 117: A pair a team of mules or a pair of pair of mules. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} Um. And um uh How many did you have mules that were did Were mules did mules work pretty well for you? 117: Yeah I had good mules. I kept good mules and good horses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now you mentioned um um the um um {NW} male breeding animal but now talking about um uh a cow giving birth to a calf. You might say talking about Daisy the cow you'd say Daisy is going to what? 117: Calve. Interviewer: Alright. And. Um. Do you ever use another term besides that looking forward to the time when she's going to calve? You'd say um 117: Gonna come in. Interviewer: Yeah. Right. Um. And and {X} that means um um 117: She's gonna freshen yeah Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: Freshen or or or come in. Those are the the um um the two words. {X} Do you have any idea why you use the word freshen? 117: Well because eh that's when the milk supply starts when they calve and Interviewer: Uh-huh. they generally have a dry period 117: #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 117: before Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 That's why # your freshening come in. Interviewer: Oh I see. So it's. I see And so you were talking before about horses um you'd say you like to what a horse? You used to like to {NS} Get up on a horse's back you say it 117: Up to ride it? Interviewer: Yeah today I ride him and yesterday I 117: Rode it. Interviewer: And many times I have 117: Many times I have ridden a horse. Interviewer: Sure. And you're riding on a man's riding on a horse he wasn't a very experienced rider and you might say he fell- the horse. He was on the horse's back and he fell- {NS} 117: He fell off the horse. {C: honking in background} Interviewer: Sure. And a little boy is in bed and you'd say he fell what bed? He fell 117: From the bed? Interviewer: Okay. And horses um these things that are shaped like this and are nailed to the horse's 117: Horseshoe {X} Interviewer: Alright. Now uh what are these nailed to? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: These Horseshoes are nailed to the horse's what? 117: Nailed to his foot? To his hoof? Interviewer: Okay. And then what's the plural of hoof? 117: Huh? Interviewer: The plural of hoof. One hoof two 117: Hooves {X} Interviewer: Okay. 117: V-E-S is hooves {D:that way you'll get} Isn't that right? Interviewer: That's exactly right. 117: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um. Now uh do you have any a term for a male sheep? 117: He's a ram yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um. We- any special words the- there used around women? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Instead of ram. 117: Mm I don't know they used they could use my buck. Interviewer: Okay. And then a term for female sheep. 117: She's a ewe. Interviewer: Alright. And then going back to horses you mentioned uh uh a stallion um before didn't you? {X} Oh ah you didn't. I we didn't a- I didn't ask you a male breeding animal a horse a male horse. 117: He's a stallion or a stud horse Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 either one. # Interviewer: And oh {X} You felt very comfortable using either of those terms around women? 117: Yeah I I'd {X} #1 I wouldn't feel any # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: #1 anything wrong # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 117: in saying a stallion and and uh and a {D:man or woman with a mr or ms} Interviewer: Okay. {C:laughing} 117: Cause missus don't mean a darn thing cause she's a married woman. Interviewer: Okay. Um and uh on a on a sheep's back the stuff they cut off a sheep's back is called what? 117: Wool. Interviewer: Alright. And uh on a uh on a on a hog's back there's 117: Hair. Interviewer: Or Say or in a brush. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: On a brush or a toothbrush. Things on a toothbrush that stick up. It is the same word you sometimes use for a the hair on a on a on a on a hog's back. 117: Talking about brushes? Interviewer: Yeah. Br-bristles I meant. 117: Bristles? Interviewer: Yeah. And then a hog especially a a wild one has two 117: Tusks? Interviewer: Alright. And hogs eat from a 117: Trough. Interviewer: And the plural of that 117: Huh? Interviewer: And two of those two One trough two 117: Two troughs. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Alright. Interviewer: Now Di-did you ever have any wild hogs around here? 117: Never heard of any wild hogs. Interviewer: Okay so you don't have any term for 117: No. Interviewer: for wild hogs then. Okay. Um. Now I wanna go back and pick up some things and these things uh will strike you as silly because but they're just for pronunciation okay? Alright first thing I want you to do is to count. 117: Count? Interviewer: Yeah. Just start counting and I'll tell you when to stop it's just 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 117: {D:Commence the} numerals Interviewer: #1 Ri- right # 117: #2 one at a time? # Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Alright one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 fourteen # Interviewer: Okay say that last one again. 117: Fourteen. Interviewer: Okay and the number after nineteen? 117: Twenty. Interviewer: And the number after twenty six? {NS} 117: Twenty seven. Interviewer: And the number after twenty nine? 117: Thirty. Interviewer: And after thirty nine? 117: After thirty nine forty. Interviewer: And the number after sixty nine? 117: Seventy. Interviewer: And the number after ninety nine? After ninety nine 117: Ninety nine? One hundred. Interviewer: And after nine hundred and ninety nine? 117: One thousand. Interviewer: And after nine nine hundred and ninety nine thousand nine hundred and 117: One million you're getting beyond Interviewer: Oh so that's as far as I'm gonna go. Now the uh the uh uh uh if you if there were ten men walking along in a line eleven men let's say walking along in a line. And you call the last man the eleventh man. What would you call the man in front of him? 117: Well I'd call him the first one. Interviewer: Okay what would y- Alright what would you call the man behind him? 117: Hmm? I'd call him the second one. Interviewer: And the next one. 117: The third. The fourth. The fifth. The sixth. The seventh. The eighth. The ninth and the tenth. Interviewer: Right. Now if if it's been if it hasn't been raining and then it begins to rain wi- without any warning at all you might say uh we were sitting there it was a very nice day and it started to rain now what might you say? 117: I'd say suddenly. Interviewer: Okay. Um now are there any other um Would you ever use another expression in place of suddenly that's exactly the idea 117: #1 Hmm? # Interviewer: #2 I'm talking about. # That's exactly the idea I'm talking about suddenly but I want 117: You want me to say {D:all at once}? Interviewer: Well if you'd use that. Would might you use that? Is that is that expr- 117: I might have said that {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now if something is two times as good as something else you might say it's 117: It's twice as good. Interviewer: Alright. Now would you name the twelve months of the year. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The twelve months of the year 117: Alright you {C:laughing} January February March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: Okay and the days of the week. 117: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday. Interviewer: Alright. Now. Did you ever um uh {X} hear Sunday called anything else? 117: Sunday? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: The sabbath? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear that term sabbath used for another day of the week? 117: Hmm? The sabbath on other days. Interviewer: Other than Sunday 117: No I did not. Interviewer: Okay. Um. How might you greet a person this time of day? 117: At this time of day? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I'd say good morning. Interviewer: Alright. Now how late would you use that? 117: Till the sun went down. Interviewer: Okay is that right? 117: I would #1 Yeah I'd # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 117: say it to Interviewer: Alright. 117: I say it's a good morning sometimes when when it I think howdy comes in after I think howdy {D:should prove} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 to take the place after good morning. # Well um what would you call about what do you call the time of day say between three and five pm? 117: It's a it's not quite the evening. Evening comes in when the shadows begin to fall don't it? Interviewer: Okay. Um. Now the um eh what do you call the um um uh the first meal of the day? 117: That's breakfast. Interviewer: Alright and the {X} 117: Second meal? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I'd say it's dinner. Interviewer: Okay. And the last meal? 117: {D:Just} had supper. Interviewer: Okay. Now what is some- what do some people use in eh in eh in in 117: Huh? Interviewer: A word that some people use instead of 117: Oh like the big White folks and they eat some breakfast and then uh lunch and and Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 dinner. # Interviewer: Alright. What what does lunch mean to you? 117: Well it don't mean nothing to me. Interviewer: Is that you don't use the term lunch at all huh? 117: Lunch don't mean anything to me. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the time of the day when the sun first appears? 117: Huh? Interviewer: When the sun first appears. 117: {X} that's sunup. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 Or # sunrise. Sunup. Interviewer: Alright and when the sun disappears. 117: Sundown. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you're talking about the word if you're talking about the sun appearing ya know someone might ask you What time did the sun 117: Rise. Interviewer: Alright and so you'd answer This morning the sun- at five thirty the sun- 117: If I knew I'd {X} I'd tell it yes. Interviewer: #1 Okay the sun # 117: #2 {X} # Sun riz at that Interviewer: #1 Okay # 117: #2 time # Interviewer: #1 Would you use riz? # 117: #2 {X} # Huh? Interviewer: Would you use probably use riz? 117: {NW} Interviewer: Huh? 117: If that go to ask me about sun I think I'd say sun riz this morning. Interviewer: Okay and so the sun had already what before we started to work? 117: It already had risen. Interviewer: Okay. And um you're talking about the day of the week and someone says when's Wednesday? And you'd say well Wednesday is 117: {NW} You mean its position? There's a Interviewer: No I'm talking about this week right now. Um say when's Wednesday? You'd say well Wednesday is 117: It's it's in it's in mid- it's in middle Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 of the week. # Interviewer: But we're talking about this week and ya know our {NW} talking about the time right now. You'd say uh {X} when was Tuesday? And you'd say Tuesday was- When was Tuesday? When was When when or say when is June seventeenth? You'd say why June seventeenth is 117: Today. Interviewer: Yeah. And June sixteenth was 117: Yesterday. Interviewer: And June eighteenth will be 117: Let's see that would be What is today? Interviewer: #1 Today is the seventeenth. # 117: #2 It'd be Fri- it'd # Interviewer: #1 No well # 117: #2 be Friday. # Interviewer: Today is the today is the seventeenth. 117: And you #1 said # Interviewer: #2 And # 117: the eighteenth'll be tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're talking about uh something you had coming up in the future. Talking about something happening uh on Sunday. On uh not this next Sunday but the Sunday after that. You might say I'm going to see him- 117: Sunday after next? Interviewer: Yeah. Is that what you'd probably say? You'd probably say Sunday after next rather than Sunday week. {NS} 117: Yep. If you if you keep up with the almanac you'd say {NW} name it the fourth Sunday while it was Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {X} # It's gonna be the fourth Sunday. Interviewer: Uh if you wanted to know the time you might ask someone {NS} 117: What time is it? Interviewer: And on my wrist I'm wearing a 117: Hmm? Interviewer: On my wrist I'm wearing a what? 117: A watch? Interviewer: Alright. and it um uh what time would can you see the clock from Here uh what time will it be in about about three minutes? Two minutes. 117: It'll be a quarter to one. Interviewer: Alright. And what time was it fifteen minutes ago? About fifteen minutes ago. When the big hand was on six. 117: Huh? Interviewer: When the big hand was on six what time was it? 117: It was half past twelve Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And and when it was on three. 117: It was a quarter after the hour. Interviewer: Okay that's what I was getting at. Fine. Now If nineteen sixty nine was last year nineteen seventy is 117: Is this year. Interviewer: Okay and nineteen seventy one will be 117: Be next year. Interviewer: Alright. When a baby has its first birthday You'd say he is 117: One year old. Interviewer: When he has his second 117: #1 Two. # Interviewer: #2 birthday? # The whole thing. 117: #1 Two # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # 117: years old. Interviewer: And he has his third birthday he's 117: Three years old. Interviewer: Alright. Um. Now today um if today is is uh June uh seventeenth nineteen seventy. If something happened on June seventeenth nineteen sixty nine you'd say that happened just 117: One year ago Interviewer: Right. 117: today. Interviewer: Alright now if the sun is shining and the weather is is um uh is pleasant uh how would you describe the {NW} describe the situation how would you describe the weather? 117: I'd say it's a beautiful day. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Now if um we're talking about the um what does the wind do? 117: What does the wind do? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 The # wind blows. Interviewer: Okay and someone says uh did the wind blow and you say yes it really 117: It really did. Interviewer: Really- It really what hard. It really- 117: It really did blow hard? Interviewer: Alright take the did out. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Take the did out. 117: It really blew hard? Interviewer: Sure. In fact it has- several times this month. It has- 117: Blown? Interviewer: Sure. And now if you look out the front window some day and there's uh and you can't see across the street. Say we really have a heavy what? 117: Fog? Interviewer: Alright. And now something like a fog uh well and then {NW} say um um uh If um something is uh well on a day like that you call it what kind of a day? It's a 117: Oh it's a soggy day up there if you if you gonna have mush in there. Interviewer: Okay. But if using the word fog you'd say it's a 117: Dark day? Interviewer: No using that word {X} 117: Foggy? Interviewer: Yeah. Now if if {NW} yesterday was even worse you'd say yesterday was even- than #1 today. # 117: #2 More # so. Interviewer: More of what? It was even not take more out but say it was even 117: Now I I wouldn't repeat that. Interviewer: You wouldn't say foggier. 117: I wouldn't say foggier. Interviewer: Okay you'd say just more so okay. Um. What do you call a {X} Describe a period of time where you haven't had any rain. 117: Called a drought. Interviewer: Alright. And would you call it that even if it was very long or short? 117: That's right. Long or short drought a long drought that short drought. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 A long # Interviewer: A long what were you gonna say something uh is there another word 117: A long dry period of Interviewer: Okay. Um. If there's been no wind and suddenly it begins to make itself felt you might say that the wind is 117: Rising. Interviewer: Alright. And if the wind begins to subside you might say the wind is 117: Dying away. Interviewer: Alright. And uh if it didn't snow um but it was very cold and there was a whiteness in the grass you might say we had a what last night? 117: Had a frost. Interviewer: Alright. And if it becomes very cold and the ground becomes stiff you'd say we had a- 117: What you talking about a hoarfrost? Interviewer: Yeah. That's right. Uh but this I'm talking about the ground. This is something you'd say we had a uh the temperature dropped down below thirty two degrees you'd say we had a 117: When the ground's {X} with ice on it that what you talking about? Interviewer: Yeah well I wasn't thinking so much That's the idea. But I was thinking of that kills the crops. 117: Talking about a killing frost? Interviewer: Alright. You call it a killing frost. Um do you ever call it a hard freeze? 117: Yeah it was that's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: That's what the weather man says We're gonna have a hard freeze Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: But to you killing frost would be more 117: With killing frost is your first is your first uh hard freeze. It kills the vegetation Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 That's what # killing frost is. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 You don't get but # one a year. Interviewer: Okay. And so when the temperature drops below thirty two degrees the water in the pond 117: It freezes. Interviewer: Alright and last night the w- the temperature dropped down below thirty two and the water in the pond 117: Water in the pipes froze I went through Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay what happens to the pipes then? 117: They busted. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh and uh the water hasn't uh uh what many times this winter? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The water hasn't- The water in the pipes hasn't uh hasn't what? Many times. 117: Hasn't frozen? Interviewer: Sure. Um. Um. Now do you have a special name for a very thin layer of ice? 117: Just call it a skim of ice. Interviewer: Okay. Now would you name the rooms in the in the uh in in both the house you were born in or the house you were raised in and this house? 117: Name what? Interviewer: Name the rooms of the house. Just kinda give me a layout or description of the rooms of the house as you walk in the door. You could start with this one or tha- or the or the farm house. 117: #1 Well you see # Interviewer: #2 You were b- # 117: I I wasn't born in the farm in the house that I was raised in. Interviewer: Well that's the one I mean. 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 the one you were th- # 117: the one I was raised in Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Alright you want to know how many rooms there was? Interviewer: Yeah and where they were Just talk about when you walk in which way was the house facing 117: Well we walked into the living room and it was a house that had uh four big rooms and a hall all the way through and there was a two rooms built on the back which was a dining room and a kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: But we'd always use the side entrance and walk into the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: into the uh living room. Interviewer: I see. 117: That was four and two is six and then there's two upstairs rooms the attics the unfinished type. Interviewer: Okay. Now that was in the house you were 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 that was # 117: that was the house I was raised Interviewer: Now how about this house. 117: This house has got {NW} Three up and three down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now what do you call this room? 117: What do I call this Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Hmm this is my living room. Interviewer: Okay and then have a room with is there a room over there? 117: What? Interviewer: Is there a room across the hall? 117: That's just a hall. Interviewer: I see. 117: There's no room across Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 117: #2 there. # You see you gotta up-upstairs {X} three rooms upstairs and behind this is a dining room next to the kitchen. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Now uh if you're talking about the ceiling in this room you'd say I ask you how high the ceiling you'd say oh the ceiling is probably 117: These are th-that's at least ten feet. The one I lived out in the country had twelve foot ceiling. Interviewer: Is that so. 117: But this is about te- I'd hazard this Yes this'd be about ten feet. It's not twelve I don't think it's twelve feet do you? Interviewer: Uh I don't know it's pretty it's a high ceiling but uh I don't know if it's twelve feet or not. Um talking about um hearing something he-hearing something ya know. And I'd say Did you ever- that noise? Did you ever- {NS} Did you hear that? You say yes I- 117: I heard it #1 yeah I # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: heard it. Interviewer: Yeah. Um uh and if if if you didn't I'd say did you ever hear that and you'd say no I- 117: I never heard it. Interviewer: Okay. And when a person gets married one of the remarks he makes to the minister is I- 117: What's that? Interviewer: Alright um {X} when a uh talking about um talking about chewing tobacco let's say you'd say I don't chew tobacco but he- 117: He chews it. Interviewer: He yeah that's right he but say don't use that word say it's we're talking {X} I don't but he- 117: He do. Interviewer: Okay would you say that? 117: Yeah. Interviewer: Huh? 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you use that? # 117: I'd say I can get {D:you to} leave it at that. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Um. Uh. He used to smoke but now he- 117: Don't. Interviewer: Alright uh 117: That's me I don't. Interviewer: Alright. Uh have you any more work uh any more work uh to do in the field? No I- yesterday. 117: I worked Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 yesterday. # Interviewer: And so {X} uh is the work {X} uh Say I have what the work I have- You know completed it but using a form of do you'd say I have what the work? I have- 117: Quit work? Interviewer: No talking using a form of the word do. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: A form of the word do. 117: I do not work anymore. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I have what it all I have- 117: I have done it. Interviewer: Okay. And um talking about Did you mail that letter? Uh are you going to mail that letter? Um. And you'd say I might say I mailed it yesterday or you might say I what it yesterday? I- I don't have to do it today because I- yesterday. I- 117: Mailed it? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um. Now talking I want to ask you about this this um uh this I don't but he do. Uh I w- I really would like you to to to tell me the the uh um the associations you make with that form and the situations in which you'd use it. 117: What do and don't? Interviewer: No {X} he do. I don't but he do. 117: {NW} Interviewer: You know just 117: {NW} Well I should've said he does Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 but I # I was just kidding Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 you when # I said he do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever use he do? 117: Yeah I yeah I wouldn't mind it at all. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} In any special situations? 117: Well I I think it would apply most any Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 things. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 117: #2 I think # it a very I think it's a wonderful expression. Interviewer: Okay. 117: {X} We just {X} this morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Alright. But you associate that with um um uh with country uh with coun- with country speech. Do you associate he do with any special kind of people? 117: My sort yeah. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Um. Just a um. You associate with as a as a uh typical expression uh among farmers. 117: Frankly I couldn't tell you whether I have heard anybody say he do but in my life but I said it then Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 and so I # ain't gonna I'm not gonna disown my own Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 expression. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh that's fine. Now. {NS} Uh 117: It's that sounds like true dialect don't it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yes uh but I don't want I what I was really I'd really like you know to to um um you know to {X} to um to get your reaction to it as well as your um uh you know your use of the term. And I like to know under what circumstance I mean if you think it's just just using it humorously or if you use it uh seriously or if you use it among special in special kinds of of uh social situations 117: Buddy I think it would I think it would be applicable I think that if I was trying to be {D:impressive} I'd say he does. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But just casually and and you'd 117: #1 I I like # Interviewer: #2 uh # 117: that. Interviewer: Okay. Alright 117: #1 I like that # Interviewer: #2 fine. # 117: as you gonna find out. Interviewer: Okay well that's fine. Uh what do you call the sound a calf makes being weaned? 117: What's that? Interviewer: A calf being weaned. 117: What do I call him? Interviewer: Yeah that that the sound a calf makes. The noise. 117: He bleats and Interviewer: Sure that's exactly Now the sound cattle make at feeding time. {NS} 117: At feeding time? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: They low Interviewer: And horses. 117: Horses? Horses don't make no fuss but they neigh if that's what you Interviewer: Okay. And then um if um uh you're going to give the food to the cattle you'd say I'm going to what the cattle? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: I'm going to what the cattle {D:on} take food out for the cattle. 117: I'm going to feed 'em. Interviewer: Alright and how about if you're talking about what word would you use if you were talking about um uh {X} all the stock. {D:You,you'd} {D:say} horses as well. 117: I'm gonna feed the stock. Interviewer: Alright and how about the uh uh eh would you use that if you were talking about um about chickens as well? Would you call chickens stock? 117: Well they come in a different category. Interviewer: Okay. 117: A chicken's a chicken. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} So you'd say I'm gonna go out and feed the chickens huh? 117: Yeah that that wasn't my job my I never did give too much {X} that Interviewer: O- okay. What do you call a um a hen sitting on an egg? 117: I would've called it hen sitting on an egg. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I called it a sitting hen. Interviewer: Alright. And now names of kinds of shelters that chickens live in. 117: Well you have a chicken house is all I know. Interviewer: Alright. You remember a little portable one that you might carry 117: What you talking about a coop? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Yeah. Interviewer: What was what was that shaped like? 117: Well it had various shapes. There were {D:so many shapes} because they used to make 'em out of boards and you could have any kind of chicken coop. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Now do you remember the name of that bone that chicken bone that uh #1 shaped # 117: #2 You talking # about the wish bone? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: {D:Pulling then the} pulley bone we called Interviewer: Okay. Now was there a- was there a uh um any uh superstitions or beliefs attached to the pulley bone? 117: Yeah that we wouldn't get the shortest one and something some uh {D: symbol there you} and some folks would cheat and break it {X} the long or the short I don't remember the legend there. Interviewer: Okay. And how about a term for the edible insides of um of a um uh of a of a pig? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The edible insides of a #1 hog # 117: #2 Talking about its # chitlins? Interviewer: Okay. Um eh Did you eat chitlins? Uh when you were uh uh rai- uh living on the farm? 117: We didn't miss {D: Marstool} didn't like 'em but later on we got to where we ate some chitlins. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 It was a very # good stinking thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is is that right? Um. And the the time when uh when the when the cattle are given their or they the stock's given their food you call that what? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The the time when the stock is given its food. 117: I I don't I don't guess Interviewer: Well I mean it uh you'd use the expression like uh feeding time or something like that. 117: Well it always comes before you could go and eat yourself you had to tend to your cows before you Interviewer: Now um. What how did you uh you remember that how'd you call the the the cows to get 'em in from the pasture? 117: Yeah but I ain't gonna give you #1 a demonstration # Interviewer: #2 Aw come on. # Yeah I wish you would. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Do the best you can. I really wish you would. 117: I ain't I ain't gonna do that. I had two or three different ways of hollering the cows Interviewer: #1 O- # 117: #2 I # Interviewer: I wish you would because this is important because see these things are are are regionally distributed also. There are the people in different different parts of the South do this in different ways and we're we really like to get a um 117: {D:I I at last} before I quit I had a big old holler I could do I forgot it {D: and they they'd} come from way back down Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {D:there over} # the barn but I I don't {D:done forgot that} Interviewer: Okay. 117: You said {NW} {C:cattle call} Interviewer: Okay. 117: And I called for names you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh how about uh any did you have any special calls to make them stand still at milking time? 117: Huh? Interviewer: At milking time to make them stand still. 117: No I the folks would say {D: soo} or something like that but I didn't have no trouble I when I put my hands on the tits I got the milk. #1 I'd milk 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: It didn't make no difference how much {D: they danced} Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Now uh any did you have any special calls to calves? 117: No you pretty sure you used terms of endearment that they learned to Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: to come to you. Interviewer: I see. Uh {X} calls to mules or horses to make them turn left and right when plowing. 117: Oh you talking about gee and haw {D: gee's} the right and then haw to the left. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 Yeah yeah now that's # Interviewer: Sure. And then any special calls to horses to get them in from the pasture? {NS} 117: I never did {X} have any special calls. There was one that {D: Wolf} used to use but Interviewer: You remember what that was? 117: Mm-mm. Interviewer: {X} {D:How is he} uh call a ho- call what would you ca- say to a horse to make it stop? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: {X} call to a horse to stop. 117: Whoa boy. Interviewer: Alright and calls to pigs at feeding time. 117: Piggy piggy piggy. Interviewer: Alright. And and did you ever have sheep? 117: Nope never had any sheep. Interviewer: Alright calls to chickens at feed chickens at 117: #1 {D: Chickory} # Interviewer: #2 feed # 117: chick chick chick Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {D: chickory chickoo} # Interviewer: Alright. And then uh uh if you were gonna take the horses out you have to do what to them first? You have to. What do you 117: {D: Curr} 'em yes {D: curr} your horse that what you talking Interviewer: No I'm this is what you put on when put when you put the the tackle on the horse ya know. 117: Before they put the harness on 'em #1 You {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 117: {D:where you caught} your horse and carry him to the watering trough and then you come out and curred him and brushed his hair and then you'd put your harness on him and then you went to the field and then you went to work. Interviewer: Right. Okay now what I was getting at is would you say I'm gonna hitch up the horse or I'm gonna harness the horse? Which is more more uh which would you more likely use? I'm gonna hitch up the horse or I'm gonna harness the horse? 117: I don't know what you're driving at. Interviewer: Well. I mean if you were gonna do this to a horse ya know you're gonna take it out in the field you're gonna go out and work with a horse uh you'd say I would you say I'm going to hitch up the horse or I'm going to harness the horse? {NS} Or something 117: Well the harnessing comes first and the hitching up comes comes next. Interviewer: #1 I see so # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: they're two separate things that's 117: That's right. Interviewer: I see. And then what you hold on to when you're when you're driving a horse um the thing 117: Hold on to the line? Interviewer: Yeah. And do you call the same thing in plowing? 117: You have lines when you plowed 'em #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # How about when you're riding on a horse's back? 117: Huh? Interviewer: When you're riding on a horse's back. 117: Oh you're holding you hold the reins {X} Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 you're riding to. # Interviewer: Alright and the things when you're riding on a on a on a saddle horse you uh you have your feet in the 117: Stirrup. Interviewer: Alright. And then did you have a parti- you have a particular name for the horse on the left or the horse on the right 117: #1 Hmm? # Interviewer: #2 in plowing? # In plowing 117: Yeah. Interviewer: The horse on the left and the horse on the right 117: {D:Yeah the} horse on the left is the {D:nearest horse} and the horse on the right's on the offside. Interviewer: Alright. Um and if you're talking about a distance distance from one place to another and something's just a i- is a is a short distance you'd say Oh that's just a 117: Over the hill. Interviewer: Yeah. And then if it's a long distance you'd say oh it's really a 117: A long way. Interviewer: Alright. Um. And if something's very {X} is not at all difficult to find. Something isn't difficult to find at all. You might say oh you can find that 117: Anywhere. Interviewer: Yeah. And if a {X} a boy fell this way you'd say he fell 117: Face forward. Interviewer: And if he fell the other way 117: He fell backwards. Interviewer: Alright. And someone {X} asks you about an apple about apples you know he says Are there any apples left? And you say no. The apples are 117: Gone. Interviewer: Alright. Um would you ever would you say neither one narrow one or nary a one any 117: Nary yeah nary's my favorite Interviewer: #1 {D:Nary a one huh} # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Would it would it be nary a one is that 117: Nary a one left. Interviewer: Alright. Um. {NS} Um. If um someone broke a rake of yours let's say a rake or a an old rake or an old um spade a shovel or something. You might say Oh that's all I right I didn't like it- 117: You talking about breaking a tool? Interviewer: Yeah. Breaks an old tool of yours and you say Oh that's okay. That's alright. I didn't like it- 117: I don't know what I'd Interviewer: Well something like I didn't like it anyway I didn't like it anyhow or I didn't like it no way. 117: No way's what {D:you mean, you need} Interviewer: Well whichever one you use is what I want. Um. Say Did he give you any? You'd say no he didn't give me 117: He didn't give me any whatever it is. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And a little boy is spoiled. Um. And and uh when he grows up you might say when he grows up {X} he'll have his trouble. He'll have his trouble. Uh something like like is not apt is not or probably 117: Oh when you're when you're being spoiled I call him a spoiled brat and I don't Interviewer: {NW} 117: think {D:laid on an excuse} Interviewer: Okay. How about what do you call trenches cut by a plow? 117: A what? Interviewer: Trenches cut by a plow. What do you dig with a plow. 117: {D:Strangers} Interviewer: Is that you know trenches or what do you call those things that a plow digs? A plow when you're plowing you're you're digging or you're 117: #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 make- # 117: {D:the fall in the} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Um. To get the land ready to plant by getting rid of trees and bushes you'd say we had to what the land? 117: We had to clear it. Interviewer: Yeah. Um is there any other words you'd use 117: #1 Nope # Interviewer: #2 for that # 117: None as I Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 know. # Interviewer: And say we raised a big what of cotton that year. We raised a big 117: A big what? Interviewer: A big what of cotton? Had a good year. You'd say we raised a very big 117: We raised a a good crop of cotton that Interviewer: Alright. And did you have a term for a second cutting of clover or grass? 117: That's a aftermath yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And then um. Uh would you call did you ever have three crops in a in a year? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Did you ever have three crops in a in a in a season? 117: Nope. #1 I never had that. # Interviewer: #2 Just two huh? # Alright. Um. Now when you're tying up um uh hay. Um. This is this is you also for for wheat but I don't suppose you you raised any wheat but uh in you tie things up into um you tie hay up into 117: A bundle? Interviewer: Yeah. Now. Would you have smaller bundles that you smaller uh collections that you'd tie up before you made a bundle? 117: Oh now here you you getting to where I was {X} At home we a man had a scythe and he would cut your oats. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: And wheat. And you'd follow behind that's my job and you'd pick up a armful and you'd tie it into a bundle. And twelve of those bundles would make a shock. Interviewer: I see twelve bundles would make a shock. 117: {D:Twelve} Twelve bundles would make a shock. Interviewer: Okay. And did you ever use the expression sheaf though or 117: Huh? Interviewer: You'd ever use sheaf or sheaves in that 117: Sheaves? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: No that that's proper but sheaves is Interviewer: Yeah. But you'd tie you'd tie up twelve little bundles #1 And then # 117: #2 We tied # them bundles and then then Interviewer: #1 And and made a shock # 117: #2 make a shock. # Interviewer: with twelve twelve bundles. Alright. If you uh if you had one bushel of corn and you added thirty nine more you'd have forty 117: If I had what thirty nine bushels and we've got another one have forty bushels of corn. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: Now um when oats when you talking about going through and uh and uh cutting the oats 117: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you ever use another word other than cutting? Say the oats are- Or would you say oats is or oats are? 117: Say use any word besides cutting Interviewer: Yeah. 117: {NW} No I wouldn't think so. Interviewer: When they're harvested there's 117: #1 {D:Well} # Interviewer: #2 a word # 117: We could've said I would've possibly said that but Interviewer: Yeah. Well I was 117: #1 But I think # Interviewer: #2 saying # 117: I said we're gonna start cutting oats tomorrow. Interviewer: Alright. Um. And would you say the uh uh would you ever use threshed or thrashed? 117: What? Interviewer: Thrashed? Or threshed? 117: Threshed? Interviewer: Yeah. With e- with 117: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 oats. # 117: yeah {D:that's with that} threshing machine is come along and thrash your your grain. Interviewer: Okay. Now If you were talking about oats would ya say The oats is threshed or the oats are threshed? 117: I'd say the oats have been thrashed. Interviewer: Okay the oats have been okay. Um um someone wants to know who it is and you'd say it's- 117: It is me? Interviewer: #1 Yeah it # 117: #2 Or it is I? # Interviewer: alright it's me and you'd say and if you're talking about another man you'd say it's not me it's- 117: It's him. Interviewer: And it's no- and a woman you'd say it's- 117: It's her. Interviewer: And if and if there's a number of of people you'd say it's- 117: It's they. Interviewer: Alright would you say it's they probably? Or it's them which 117: I might've say them I don't know I write out the first one that comes to mind. Interviewer: Okay fine that's that's that's what I want you to say. Uh. Now you're talking about how tall someone is you'd say well he isn't as tall as- In relation to yourself. You'd say well he isn't as tall as- 117: You are I I wouldn't know well I'd say he isn't as tall as John John is Interviewer: He's talking about you though. 117: Huh? Interviewer: You'd say he isn't as tall as 117: Isn't as tall as I am. Interviewer: Yeah. And I'm not as tall as- 117: As you. Interviewer: Alright there's a man though you know another man over there {X} but use a uh eh use a third you know person not uh I I'm not as tall as- that man over there. I'm not as tall as- You'd say I'm not as tall as he is or I'm not as tall as him. 117: I'd say him. Interviewer: Okay. Um and we're talking about possession of something and I ask you Whose is um whose it this? 117: That's mine. Interviewer: Alright and uh 117: Biggest one in the world. Interviewer: Okay. Whose is this? {C:laughing} 117: That's your'n. Interviewer: Alright. And uh 117: {D:Put that} {X} {D:on now} that's your'n. Interviewer: Okay that's {X} Is that uh {X} How does how does that word fit into your uh into your speech really now? Your'n. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Your'n. That's um uh and if it belongs to to him 117: It's his'n. Interviewer: And if it belongs to her 117: It's her'n. Interviewer: Alright and if belonged to uh to them 117: It's their'n. Interviewer: Alright. Now for those N- forms Are those uh are those really were those really very common? Um in your uh um community 117: #1 In my # Interviewer: #2 when you # 117: #1 association yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: There's there's it was very common in my association cause it was just spent with the negroes out there on the farm. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Talking about the greatest distance you could walk you'd say two miles is the what I could walk? 117: The greatest distance? Interviewer: Yeah would you say two miles is as far as I could walk all the farther I could walk or the furthest I could walk? 117: I've walked eight miles to Newnan many time {D: driving bool yelling} so I wouldn't Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: say there's a limit to it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. But if you were talking about {NW} the um uh would you would you if you were talking about some limit let's say twenty or thirty miles. You'd say twenty miles is as far as I could walk in one day or or all the farther I could walk in one day or the furthest I could walk in one day. Which of those? 117: Well I'd say I can't walk for more than two miles a day now. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Now how about the use of you all? 117: Huh? Interviewer: The use of you all. 117: You all? Interviewer: Yeah. Now do you limit that to more than one person or do you sometimes use it with reference only to one person? 117: No y'all always meant more than one to me. Interviewer: Okay. And um uh how about using it in the possessive? talking about uh the car belonged to several people. Would you ever s- would you ever uh use that um to say uh y'all's car? 117: Now I wouldn't think I ever used that. Interviewer: Alright and if you wa- 117: I never had an occasion Interviewer: #1 Okay # 117: #2 to use that. # Interviewer: and if you wanted to know uh who was there might you say who all was there? Or who just who was there? 117: Say who was there that I I say that who was there. Interviewer: Alright. And um uh if you wanted to know everything that a person said you might say uh would you said What did what all did he say is that uh 117: Yeah that's Interviewer: #1 Or just # 117: #2 what all # did he say yeah Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 {D:I'd pick a hold of that} # Interviewer: How about who all's children were there? 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 Who # 117: Who I wouldn't put who all well I'd say whose children is that. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say um They don't there's no one taking care of them now so they've got to look out for- 117: Themselves. Interviewer: Alright. And um he better do it he's not going to get any help from anyone he has to do that- 117: By himself. Interviewer: Alright. And we're coming to some different kinds of bread you were talking about {D:whole cakes} before now there's some different kinds of of um uh what kind of flour is uh is bread usually made from? 117: Well you've got uh Interviewer: In addition to #1 corn. # 117: #2 wheat. # You've got wheat flour. Interviewer: Alright. 117: And uh that's about all rye flour rye stuff I don't know about that. Interviewer: Alright. How about uh what do you call um bread {NS} made with white with white flour? 117: With white flour? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 117: Just white bread Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: Um. {NS} And something else that that is made in a pan like bread made in smaller made with flour and similar to bread make a pan 117: You talking about {D:red broves} Interviewer: Yeah or make a pan of what? 117: Pan of rolls that what you Interviewer: Yeah there's another word like rolls though. 117: I don't know what you talking about. Interviewer: Not rolls but a 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 pan # of biscuits. 117: Oh lord I was raised on biscuits and can can make you some good #1 biscuits. Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Okay. {C:laughing} # Now tell me 117: And hot bread I'm a hot bread man. That's what you talking about hot bread. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Biscuits or hot bread? 117: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Or just # 117: that that's hot bread cause your baker's bread is cold bread Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 you know it's cold. # Interviewer: Okay. Now uh what kind tell me some things that are that are made with corn meal. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Some kinds of bread that are made with corn meal. 117: Well you can make uh the whole cake and you can make uh muffins and you can make batter cakes and I don't know. Those are the three types I know you and then you used to well I ain't going into that. Interviewer: Yeah I wish you would if you can if you can think of them. 117: They used to make a mush I we never did make mush {D:folks just keep mush} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: That was um {D:sugar} slowly boiled mixed with corn Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 meal. I we # never did were mush eaters. Interviewer: Did you ever hear mush called anything else? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Did you ever hear mush called anything else? 117: Looks like it could have another name what was it? Interviewer: Well I was thinking of cush. 117: #1 Cush yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever # 117: yeah I heard of cush yeah Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 I heard of him too. # Interviewer: Okay. Now um what's a corn dodger is that 117: What? Interviewer: A corn dodger. 117: That must be in the old pones They make them into pones It they'd shape them up into a pone and put about three big old pones in a dish and bake it I don't know what a corn dodger is unless that's it. Interviewer: Okay. And what did you call those little balls of of cornmeal that are sometimes you put onion in it in the in the cornmeal and then drop it in uh 117: You talking about corn dumplings? Interviewer: Right. And you boil these in fat. 117: Uh we never did have {X} corn dumplings. I wasn't raised on that. Interviewer: Okay. Um now this is a kind of um of um uh pastry that has a hole in the middle. 117: Oh that's a donut ain't it? Interviewer: Okay. And you mi- are there any any other things similar to donuts? Maybe somewhat different shape and taste and different kinds of flour? 117: Donuts and you used to have uh you used to make a. Now what donuts got the hole in it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And while I don't know what them things look like tea cakes we was raised on tea cakes. They were just another flat cakes. What you call 'em what they call 'em now. They call them they use them now. That's over where {X} They serve them at these women serve them what you call them? You know what I'm driving Interviewer: #1 Yeah you don't # 117: #2 at. # Interviewer: Tea cakes I really don't know {X} 117: Wafers wafers Interviewer: Wafers? 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They're like cookies # 117: #1 they said wafers. # Interviewer: #2 or something like that. # 117: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Um now you mentioned batter cakes as being made of corn meal. 117: Yeah. Interviewer: Um did you ever have uh batter cakes made of um of um uh ordinary flour? 117: No {X} I think partially put a little flour in this that was a batter cake. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh and you put syrup butter and syrup on those? 117: That's right. Butter them and uh. Now the the best thing of all was you made it out of your wheat. That was a waffle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 117: A waffle was a Did you ever see a waffle? Interviewer: Oh sure. 117: #1 A waffle now that's # Interviewer: #2 Sure I eat waffles all the time. # 117: real good eating Interviewer: Yeah. 117: You had to have plenty of time and deliver it to to cook another of them for a man could eat them faster than he could they could Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 cook them. # Interviewer: Right. Uh if uh you have one pound of flour and you add two more then you have 117: Three pounds. Interviewer: Alright and the center of the egg is called what? 117: The yolk. Interviewer: Alright. And the uh material used to make bread rise is- 117: You talking about yeast? Interviewer: Yeah. And the what's the color of a yolk? 117: What? Interviewer: The color of the yolk of an egg. What color is the yolk of an egg? 117: It's yellow. Interviewer: Alright. And and what about the uh uh uh if you take take eggs and put them in in uh um uh boiling water for three minutes you have a- 117: You have a boiled egg a hard oh you mean cooking and poaching. You talking about poaching them? Interviewer: Okay tell me about how do you do that? 117: Poaching them? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: You get your water to boiling put some egg in there and cook them and it's pr- pretty good eating. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now here we've come back to some different kinds of meat that uh um um different kinds of hog meat. Now what do you call the meat from the underside of a hog that that has practically no lean in it at all? 117: That's the side meat of the hog. Interviewer: Alright. Now is there any other word used besides side meat? 117: Oh I think that I think that's where the bacon comes from. Interviewer: Yeah. Alright. Um. Now if it has no lean in it at all you'd call it side meat? 117: You have about that {D:there} up at the top the fat back. Interviewer: Alright. 117: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 The fat # back has no no um uh no lean at all but if it has some lean in it you call it side meat and then if it has a little more lean you call it 117: #1 Well you see # Interviewer: #2 bacon # 117: when we bu- butchered our own hogs that that fat back is what we took and made lard out of. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # we cut the thing down where the where the the backbone comes out and and the ribs come to there's a place there where that uh under part Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: There's a clear line it was uh I reckon the ribs must come from back Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 there as far as # I know it's been so long since I Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: killed a hog but Interviewer: Yeah. 117: The side meat was what we used to boil #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 vegetables in. # I see. You don't remember any any humorous terms for that 117: What you talking about {D: salt belly}? Interviewer: Yeah {NS} {D:salt belly} um I interviewed a man over in Tallapoosa couple of weeks ago and he called it uh Alabama ham. Or uh an Arkansas chicken. 117: #1 No I never did # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 117: #1 {X} I didn't hear that. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 117: We just called ours side meat and went on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Now uh when you a- when you cure bacon um. You and you after you uh when you cut it you have to cut it that part off the edge that hardens. Hard on the end what's that called? 117: #1 What? # Interviewer: #2 It's a crust # That crusty part on the end of a bacon. 117: Slab? Interviewer: Yeah the slab of bacon but there's a a crusty part on the end. That you can't eat The hard part 117: I don't know unless you're talking about the titties where there was just the sows where their tits were. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But I didn't mean that but uh did you ever call that kind of meat anything? 117: We never did designate the difference. Interviewer: Alright well I was I was thinking about was in curing bacon you have this rind on the around the edges 117: What the rind? Interviewer: Yeah. Um and then meat packed in a casing is called what? 117: You put sausage in the cases. Interviewer: Alright and the man who cuts meat in town is called a- 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The man who cuts meat 117: #1 He's a meat # Interviewer: #2 A meat cutter # 117: cutter. Interviewer: A meat #1 cutter or a # 117: #2 He's a butcher. # Interviewer: Alright. And the um would you say that again please? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Would you say that again? 117: Butcher. Interviewer: Yeah I was talking {X} Um the meat if um if meat is left out too long isn't kept refrigerated it might 117: It'll spoil. Interviewer: Alright and thi- this is a kind of uh of um uh of a food made with the meat from a hog's head. 117: Oh you talking about souse? Interviewer: Okay. And if butter is left out too long what is that? 117: #1 Hmm? # Interviewer: #2 What happens # to butter? 117: Butter? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: #1 It gets # Interviewer: #2 Butter's left # 117: spoiled and gets rank that's the absolute end of it Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 as far as I know. # Interviewer: And now milk when milk 117: #1 It sours # Interviewer: #2 thickens # 117: yes. Interviewer: or and it thickens When it thickens 117: clabbers clabbers yeah Interviewer: Right and what you have a name for a kind of cheese that that's made of that 117: You talking about cottage cheese? Interviewer: Right. And if you were uh you're working with milk and you want to get the impurities out of it and you po- wanna you pour it through something you'd say you're doing what to the milk? 117: What you talking about a straining? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's right. An apple pastry baked in a deep dish. Do you have a name for that? A kind of apple uh {NS} 117: An apple sauce? Interviewer: Well that's Okay but I was thinking of something more like a pie. A kind of apple pie 117: #1 Oh I was raised # Interviewer: #2 baked in a # 117: on apple pies yeah. Interviewer: Yeah in a deep dish though. If you had a special name 117: #1 Not too # Interviewer: #2 {D:for it} # 117: deep a dish. Interviewer: No. 117: I was raised on apple pie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But uh a deep when in the you didn't have anything made in a deep dish that you can 117: Now you can make a deep dish if you want to. My people didn't use a deep dish Interviewer: Okay. Um. Do you have a name for a sweet liquid served with pudding. 117: What? Interviewer: A sweet liquid. It might be poured on top of a of a pudding. 117: I wouldn't know that's just a sauce. Interviewer: Okay. Now what would that include 117: Hmm? Interviewer: What would a sauce include? 117: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Alright do you have a name for food eaten between meals? 117: Nope. Interviewer: Okay. And if you were gonna just eat something between meals you might say you're gonna ta- have a little 117: Never had any name for that. Interviewer: Alright. Um. Now talking about um you you say in the morning I get up and I what breakfast I I 117: What you talking about shaving? Interviewer: No breakfast I 117: You want me to say what miss Bartow wouldn't let me say I ate breakfast. Interviewer: Okay. Who's miss Boxer is that your teacher? 117: I keep calling her miss Bartow that's my mother. Interviewer: Oh I see. You called your mother that? 117: I called her miss Bartow. Interviewer: Oh I see. 117: Cause those negroes did. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. 117: No she never did let us ate. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And what what'd you want me to say I'd eaten breakfast? Interviewer: Well whichever you'd use you know. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Yes whichever um uh whichever How do you spell that the name you called your mother miss uh 117: B-A-R-T-O-W Interviewer: I see was that her uh was that her 117: That was her given name she was named {D:of} her brother went in the army and he thought so much as general Bartow who a county up here in north Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 {X} # was named for a general Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 Bartow. # And there was a {D:ward} of of little Bartows come along. Interviewer: Is that right? 117: And so she was miss Bartow. Interviewer: I see. 117: She's a the negroes come up miss Bartow oh miss Bartow. So I said miss Bartow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: You're you're looking at a Interviewer: Alright. 117: A sort of halfway nigger man. Interviewer: Yeah well that's interesting is I think that's that's interesting to uh to see how that uh um that really enlarges your experience uh your uh your your use of of uh language. Now something you drink in the morning some people drink in the morning a cup of People have a cup of 117: What you talking about? Interviewer: Have a cup of 117: Coffee? Interviewer: Yeah and um if you're going to to prepare this you'd say I'm going to what some coffee? 117: I'm gonna make some coffee. Interviewer: Alright and you might you might be thirsty and go over to the sink and get a {NS} um turn the wat- turn and get yourself a {NS} something else you drink comes out of the faucet. 117: Water? Interviewer: Sure. You'd go over and get yourself a what of water? 117: You losing me in housekeeping. Interviewer: No this is just something if you went in to the kitchen if you were thirsty if you were thirsty you'd go into the kitchen and turn on the faucet and get yourself a 117: And get me some getting myself a drink of water. {C:pronunciation} Interviewer: Alright and you'd pour it into a 117: Pour it into a cup Interviewer: #1 Or a # 117: #2 is that what # Interviewer: A cup but it didn't have a handle on it might just be a 117: A glass? Interviewer: Sure. Um you'd say uh I didn't see the news tonight uh because the what was broken? The you you watch you might have radio or you might watch 117: Say I didn't see the news Interviewer: On what? 117: cause the television was broken. Interviewer: Okay. That's what you'd use if if uh uh um Alright and say I was thirsty so I I what some water I 117: Drank some water. Interviewer: Alright. And I have- twelve glasses already today I have really been thirsty I I have {NW} 117: You gone leave me on the {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {D:Gonna be a} relative come along in and uh I wasn't expecting anybody and he come in there and he made a sign Interviewer: Mm. 117: And I thought he wanted to go up to the toilet and and m- I hadn't zipped up my britches so I don't {X} {C:laughing} say I said well is it you or she wants to go I Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 I see # 117: #2 So that # So I don't get the sign Interviewer: #1 No. # 117: #2 to # Interviewer: But what I meant here was I said drink and I'd say Today I drink some water. Yesterday 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I drank some water and # many times I have 117: Drank water. Interviewer: Okay that's all. 117: #1 {D:I} # Interviewer: #2 And then # 117: drunk it somewhere in there I would've drunk. Interviewer: Okay you might use that sure. Um. Invitation for people to sit down at a at a table. What would you tell someone you had some people over and then you had a big dinner on a table you might say. They're standing up 117: Have a seat. Interviewer: Okay and so then they all 117: Are seated. Interviewer: Alright so you'd say Uh he was standing up and then he what down he 117: Then he was seated. Interviewer: Yeah you could say he was seated or else or you could say he 117: #1 Sat down. # Interviewer: #2 uh # Uh okay. He what now? 117: {NW} He sat down. Interviewer: Alright. Um um 117: Sit down. Sat down. He sat down yeah. Interviewer: Alright uh how else might you say that? 117: Huh? Interviewer: How else might you say that? 117: Oh I might say that anytime. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: #1 {D: You} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: sat down. Interviewer: Alright. Um. What um uh If you're passing a passing a bowl of potatoes around the the table you might um give the bowl to someone and say What would you say to them? 117: {X} We at the table now? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: And you pass a bowl #1 around? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: And maybe I don't want any is that what's Interviewer: #1 Alright yes # 117: #2 going on? # Interviewer: I want that too what would you say under those circumstances? 117: Well if they're passing them around and I want 'em I'd thank 'em if it If I didn't want 'em I'd say I don't believe I care for Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {X} right now. # Interviewer: And if you were passing them around what might you say to someone to get their attention you might say 117: Say will you have some potatoes Interviewer: #1 That's it # 117: #2 {D: You gotta you gotta get} # {D:it out of} the bowl {D:well I got to get it out of that} {D:form of} {X} Interviewer: Okay um and if you had a big roast one day and Monday you're having the same thing you might say on Monday we're having 117: #1 Have # Interviewer: #2 what # 117: a big what? Interviewer: You had a big meal on one day you know and you didn't eat it all. And you were gonna eat the same thing the next day 117: #1 We had # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # 117: a feast. Interviewer: Yeah and so the next day you're eating 117: Uh we had a feast and the next day's a famine Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 and that's what I used. # Interviewer: But well what I was getting at was you call it warmed over food or left over food. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Would you call it warmed over food or left over food? 117: I believe we'd warm it over I believe we warmed ours over I would think. Interviewer: Okay and you put food in your mouth and you 117: I chaw it. Interviewer: Okay. And and you what it before you swallow it? 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 Today # Today I uh I chaw it yesterday I The past 117: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 tense. # 117: Wait a minute I I masticated my food Interviewer: #1 Okay # 117: #2 so # Interviewer: you say masticated or 117: I masticated my food. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {D:you just say} # I put some in my mouth and I didn't chaw it I masticated. Interviewer: Okay. But if you um talking about tobacco you'd say um today he chews tobacco yesterday he- 117: He chewed. Interviewer: Okay and 117: Tomorrow he'll continue chewing. Interviewer: Okay and day before yesterday he had already 117: Already chewed? Interviewer: Yeah. And now It's there's some things that you grow oh well you had a little a little piece of land out in the eh in the in the yard you might call it a patch uh where you'd grow things but you might call it something else. A little what? Especially in town. #1 More than not. # 117: #2 {D:I don't know} # in the yarn? You're talking about in the yarn? Interviewer: Yeah. Alright What would you call that out there? Yeah that's right what's the word? 117: I called it a garden. Interviewer: Alright. 117: I had a ga- I had a flower gardens. And I used to call it I used call it the garden. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And my nephew disliked my putting that Y- in there #1 yarn # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: and I Interviewer: Uh-huh 117: said you know better you ought not to say that but I Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: I had a flower garden. {C:pronunciation mixes garden and yard} Interviewer: Okay. 117: Still got it. Interviewer: Alright. And what else might you grow besides flowers? {D:to} grow grew a you know um 117: Well I wasn't too much on vegetables I I I grew a looking garden I didn't grow a eating garden. Interviewer: Okay. Now that's an interesting distinction. Uh what about a uh corn when they uh it's made of corn you take the when you take the um um uh husk off the corn or the the 117: You talking about a hominy? Interviewer: Right now what do you call 'em when it's ground? 117: It's meal when it's ground and it's hominy when you get those husks off and cook it. Interviewer: Alright. Uh how did you get how do you get the husks off? 117: You use lye to get the husks #1 off # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 117: and make hominy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: Are you talking about husking and shelling it ain't it? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 Husking # and shelling the way you are talking Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 about it. # Interviewer: Yeah that's right. Um this is something else that's white. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The something else that's uh white colored um that you eat it looks a little like hominy it's not hominy though it's not made of corn at all it's made of another grain that grows in the low countries. 117: #1 Rice # Interviewer: #2 especially # 117: rice Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 rice. # Interviewer: Now do you have a term for cheap whiskey? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Cheap whiskey. 117: Cheap whiskey. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: No I I don't rot gut I reckon. Interviewer: Okay how about homemade whiskey? 117: Moonshine's {D:yeah alright} Interviewer: Alright or any homemade beer? 117: I don't know nothing about that. I you you talking to a man that don't know about drinking. Interviewer: Okay. Um if um uh something was cooking you might say to someone just that just 117: If it smell good I say that smells mighty good. Interviewer: Okay. And um this is um uh something that um is made of sorghum {X} And when it gets thick I think you make it with sorghum. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Sorghum is a kind of what? Sorghum is made in how is sorghum 117: Sorghum? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: That's what I said Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 you make # with that {D: surret} {D:back there} Interviewer: Right. 117: Sorghum is made out of The syrup is in the barrel we done passed him way back there Interviewer: #1 Right. # 117: #2 And you got # the spigot. Interviewer: Okay. 117: On the barrel. Interviewer: Okay. Now what about when that stuff is is uh gets very thick? What's that called? 117: What sorghum syrup Interviewer: Yeah. 117: When it gets thick? I don't know. Interviewer: Well what do you call that stuff that's thick and you have to pull it? You know it really gets some its a kind of another kind of syrup. Black stuff dark colored 117: You talking about molasses? Interviewer: Yeah. How is molasses made? 117: I don't know that's that's made down in the {D:town} I don't know nothing about Interviewer: #1 Oh # 117: #2 molasses. # Interviewer: okay. 117: I've sold it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 That's all I know. # Interviewer: Would you say molasses is thick or molasses are thick? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: You're talking about molasses being thick You'd say this molasses is really thick or this molasses these molasses are thick? 117: I would say molasses is thick. Interviewer: Okay. #1 And if something # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah go ahead. 117: Huh? Interviewer: No that's I was didn't want to interrupt you. 117: No that's that's that's what I'm gonna say I'm gonna say molasses is thick. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 I ain't gonna # say molasses are thick I'm gonna say molasses is thick. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If uh something isn't artificial. You know something isn't is this uh artificial leather you say no this is- 117: Genuine. Interviewer: Okay. And if you buy something in a store you might buy it in package or you might buy it in- You buy a lot of it you know you're not buying it you don't buy it um in a small package you you buy it in it's opened 117: Package you buy the piece I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 what you're # Interviewer: #1 Well I was # 117: #2 talking about # Interviewer: talking about bulk or bulk. {C:pronunciation} Bulk. 117: Bulk? Interviewer: Bulk or bulk. {C:pronunciation} Bulk sugar you know. 117: Oh yeah yeah yeah yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 117: Bulk is what you're talking Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 about. # Interviewer: Um. And something that you might put on toast you might put butter on toast and then over that you might put something made of uh of uh uh um um something you spread over it. 117: Oh a little jelly helps it. Interviewer: Okay. And you have two shakers on the table those are the 117: Shakers? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: That's for that's for salt and pepper I think. Interviewer: Alright. And if you were um if there were a bowl of apples on the table you might say to someone please what me an apple? Please- 117: Pass me an apple? Interviewer: Or gi- And so then the 117: Toss me a one? Interviewer: Yeah toss me one or gi- Or give. Or do you use the form give? Instead of toss you might say You might do you not say uh use the form give? 117: At the table we used to have to say {D:thanks for} so and so and then later on we got to so previously we'd say pass it. Interviewer: Okay well I was thinking of give me an apple. 117: {X} Interviewer: Um. Listen we're about um {NS} 117: {X} {C:heavy static in background} {D:in the library} {C:static} {X} {C:static} named uh missus {D:Witness} {NS} Interviewer: Sounds familiar I'm not 117: Her given name is Darling {X} {C: static} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And a year ago I was down at uh Americus that's where I {D:teach 'em} {X} {X} in the library I was Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {D:teaching English} # I wasn't {D:We were among folks} Interviewer: No. Do you have relatives in Americus? 117: Huh? Interviewer: You have relatives in Americus? 117: Well I was down there at {D:the horseshoe} {D:until I learned how} #1 {D:you get} # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 117: {D:to being home} {X} I thought I'd see missus {D: Humphert} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: I was very fond of the whole {X} leadership but when I got there in June she had died in March. Interviewer: Oh I see. {NW} {NS} 117: Do you go down to Americus much? Interviewer: Well we're gonna get uh we're going to have to work down there I was I was 117: #1 I I could # Interviewer: #2 {D:on the fifth} # 117: talk about Albany {D:do you want to go over} Interviewer: Yeah Albany and Americus both right. {NS} You know some people down there? 117: I I I I know a {D:pretty little} {D:store} {D:to be} {D:Alicia} {D:and she don't mind} {X} Interviewer: Is that right? 117: {D:That's all I think} {NS} Who did you say you worked with over in Carcoll County? Interviewer: Uh I haven't I'm looking for somebody in Carroll County to uh the interview. 117: #1 Who did you # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 117: meet with down there about the whiskey or something? Somebody along that way. Interviewer: Oh that was in Tallapoosa that was uh um in uh that was the the 117: That's Haralson County. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 Tallapoosa # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Right right. # 117: #2 in Haralson. # Interviewer: But he uh he was his name was um um Howe I think. And he was a retired postmaster in Tallapoosa. And I was I was over there about a month ago and interviewed him. 117: Mm. Well I I {X} I was a {X} {D:around a} plow boy. Interviewer: Uh-huh well that's great. That's that's fine yep um. {NS} Uh. Talking before about um distances you know um a short distance and a long distance and say it's right it's not it's not far it's it's right- In that direction you might say oh it's right- 117: Over yonder. Interviewer: Okay but Uh yonder or a really uh uh 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 uh # uh 117: Yonder {X} yonder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: But no I I never did we didn't say that. I I I don't know too much about Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {X} # All uh all my directions are {X} that I got from {X} Interviewer: Is that right huh? 117: Cause Miss Bartow didn't allow us to talk that way. Interviewer: I {NW} #1 {NW} {C:laughing} # 117: #2 I I never did # did see nobody I I always saw 'em but I never seen 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: #1 You know he # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: course I I seen him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: But I never did seen nobody. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: I saw him but it wasn't necessary to saw him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So your mother wasn't didn't wouldn't let you uh uh use those expressions that's a 117: Huh? She made us walk the straight and narrow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And she had a way of doing it listen She didn't have course I I I can share a little piece {X} all right. Interviewer: {NW} 117: but uh {NS} she didn't make us ashamed of our heritage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: I {NS} if we we didn't there correctly {X} {D:the old question} if they said anything we'd say oh it wasn't that way it was this way. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 {D:Cause} # they called Dave {D: Elding} I remember in Whitman they called Dave {D: Elding} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # Just saying well there you go Dave {D: Elding} when she Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: She had put {X} Interviewer: What does that mean? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What does that mean? 117: Well Dave {D: Elding} was a notorious fellow correcting {D:most} on everything she said and uh {D:parents} and so when I said so she had some things like that She just didn't pronounce well. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 117: And uh she'd call certain things and uh if we were messy about our eating she'd call us {D: Annis Hagler} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: {D: Annis Hagler} {D:was a was a was a} was messy around the table. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: She used to she had a way of making {D:us uh} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: for the lord. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the hard center of a cherry? 117: I call it the it's a pit. If you don't know what it is it's I call it a stone though. Interviewer: Okay and what about the hard center of a peach? 117: Well I {X} Peach seed is all I know. Interviewer: Alright and what do you call a peach that separates easily from the seed? 117: It's a {X} {X} Interviewer: Alright and how about one that does not separate easily? 117: It's a {D:plum} {X} Interviewer: Alright. 117: Oh {X} that's what that that {X} is is Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 what the # {D:nurse one} used. Interviewer: I see. 117: You haven't turned anything on this and hope that's the {X} Interviewer: No it's it's fine. 117: I thought the {X} Interviewer: I turned it on. 117: You did Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 alright. # Interviewer: Um. The uh center of an apple is called what? 117: The core ain't gonna be no core. Interviewer: Okay. And what about these nuts that grow underground you mentioned before? 117: Oh you talking about peanuts? Interviewer: Yeah. What else you call them? 117: goober noobers Interviewer: Okay. Now this is a kind of nut that grows in a tree that has a a big husk around it a big green when it's ripening it has a big green soft covering and then underneath that is a hard covering. 117: Are you talking about a hickory nut or chestnut or what {X} Interviewer: No what one more. Black- 117: Black walnut? Interviewer: Alright. Now {NW} 117: Or the Chinkapin Interviewer: Alright. Uh what do you call the hard covering of a of a of a over a a walnut? 117: A what? Interviewer: The hard covering over a walnut. 117: The walnut? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I never did hear a name for it. Interviewer: Really well you see when you get the walnut out you know so you can eat it you have to take off the 117: Oh you {D:pass it up} {X} {X} {X} {D:walnuts} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # {D:But I had to hear that} Interviewer: So the outer part's a hull would you {X} is the the soft part the hull? 117: I never did hear a name for it. Interviewer: Okay. Um if uh and this is a fruit that grows in Florida. Uh you drink the juice. It's a fruit. 117: #1 What you talking # Interviewer: #2 Grows in # 117: about a grapefruit? Interviewer: Well this is something like a grapefruit only it's smaller. 117: A lime? Interviewer: One what's another citrus fruit? 117: What you talking about an orange? Interviewer: Sure. 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: to that. Interviewer: Yeah that's right sure. And and the plural of that is what? They 117: What? Interviewer: The more than one orange. 117: You have two oranges. Interviewer: Okay. And these are little little vegetables that grow underground they're 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 red # 117: a radishes? Interviewer: Yeah and then and then this is uh something larger that grows on a vine. In the garden. 117: Grows on a vine. Interviewer: Yeah these grow on vines and then they're um you have to put a stick in the ground sometimes 117: You talking about tomatoes? Interviewer: Yeah. Um and these grow underground uh and they're sometimes about this big there are different kinds some are white and some are kind of orange or red inside 117: What you talking about turnips or uh Interviewer: Uh 117: sweet potatoes? Interviewer: Okay. That's now what um what other kinds of potatoes are there besides sweet potatoes? 117: There's white potatoes. Or Irish potatoes. Interviewer: Alright. 117: #1 We call them # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever use # 117: Irish taters. Interviewer: Okay. Di- did you uh uh um did you ever use the expression the term yams? 117: Yams is a {D:correct} Yams is {X} {D:well yeah} yams. Interviewer: Alright. And what do you call these vegetables that when you cut them they make your eyes water? 117: What you talking about an onion? {C:pronunciation} Interviewer: Alright now what different kinds are there? 117: {NW} Interviewer: Come on. 117: {NW} {D:I don't know} {X} {D:I say} {X} Interviewer: Right. 117: #1 You got # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 117: some red onions some white ones and you got a little nest onion that's a sweet little onion. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Grows in in {X} I'd say Interviewer: Okay- 117: We'd call them {X} onions. Interviewer: Alright. Um to take uh take beans {X} Some beans you have to to break open uh when you do when you're doing that what are you doing to the beans? Taking the covering off so you can eat them. 117: You mean when you {D:fishing for} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 117: You spring 'em. Interviewer: Alright now that's one kind of bean where you spring 'em the long bean. What do you call those long beans? You might call them string beans but you you have any other name for them? 117: Uh I just just knew 'em as beans. {X} We didn't {D:and} lots of {D:folks} called them string beans {X} Interviewer: We just called them beans okay. What about um the kind 117: #1 {D:Cause} # Interviewer: #2 kind # 117: we had two different types at home. We had bunch beans and whole beans. And whole beans is a {D:group} They were {D:running} beans that had longer beans. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 {X} # Grew 'em in groups and they were cured at a later season. Interviewer: Alright. What about the bunch beans? 117: Well bunch beans is uh At first you {D:get} and then you {D:heat} {D:your heat} comes early. You get the bunch beans right quick and then you {D:flash the} whole beans and then they fruit at a later time. Interviewer: Alright what do you call when but you know some of these beans uh There are some kinds of beans that you that you have to break the shells off. And in order to eat them You don't eat the sh- {NW} {C:distortion} Interviewer: They had hiss in there. {NS} {NW} Okay. Now uh {NS} {C:loud crashing sound} Uh you talking about the lima beans or butter beans when you take them out of the uh um uh take them out of their uh coverings. What do you say you're doing to the beans? 117: Shelling them is all I know. Interviewer: Okay that's fine. Now um what do you call the edible tops of turnips? 117: Call them greens. Interviewer: Okay. Um did you ever call it anything else? 117: {NW} I never say salad. Interviewer: Okay. That uh that wasn't uh common around here. 117: Huh? Interviewer: That wasn't common in your 117: #1 {D:We really didn't use it} # Interviewer: #2 your household. # 117: cut up greens is what we Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 called it. # To distinguish the term green from a collard. Interviewer: I see. But you'd call them all greens. I mean collars or turnips or 117: Yeah they'd be collared greens and turnip greens yeah. Cabbage. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have one head of lettuce and you add two more you have three what? 117: Three heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Alright and the on the outer on an ear of corn the part that you take off is called the what? 117: We call that the shuck or the husk. Interviewer: Okay 117: #1 The shuck # Interviewer: #2 and # 117: we called it. Interviewer: Corn served on the cob what do you call that? 117: {D:In regular use} {D:it just may be} boiled corn {X} Interviewer: Okay and the top of a corn stalk that you have to remove is called the what? 117: What's that? Interviewer: The top of a corn stalk. 117: {D:Above the shuck} that's the tassel. Interviewer: Alright and on an ear of corn that fine 117: That that's the silk that's that's female uh organ. Interviewer: Okay. 117: The shuck. Interviewer: Alright. That's a female what? 117: Female oh this is an ear of corn. Interviewer: I see. Um the um 117: You see the part that is up there on the the top. Interviewer: {NW} 117: And it's that silk and that that's the female organs {D:and they develop to} {X} Interviewer: Oh I see I didn't know that. Um the um these are large things that grow out in the fields and children at Halloween they they break 117: You talking about a turnip? I mean a pumpkin? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And now # this is something else like a pumpkin that um uh it's they're smaller. 117: A cashaw. Interviewer: Yeah and what are some of these others called other kinds of of gourd like things. Some of them are very small? 117: You talking about a squash? Interviewer: Right. Now what different kinds of those are there? 117: I I don't know about that. We didn't we didn't grow those Interviewer: #1 Alright # 117: #2 kinds of things. # I grew pumpkins but we didn't Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 grow those # Interviewer: #1 What kinds of # 117: #2 uh # Interviewer: melons grow uh 117: Huh? Interviewer: What kinds of melons. 117: Oh we had a muskmelon and a cantaloupe and a watermelon and that's all. Interviewer: How does a cantaloupe differ from a muskmelon? 117: Cantaloupe it's that smaller it's a small veined thing you catch in a at the {D:store leaving} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 117: #2 {D:cantaloupe} # Interviewer: I see has a vein has a stripes on it. #1 Is that # 117: #2 That's right # it has uh {D:some little} some ridges. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 It has # ridges. A mushmelon was a bigger melon and {NW} its outside husk would be smooth sometimes. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 Each is a different # type different type is to to the shape of 'em. Interviewer: I see. What um uh what kinds of watermelon did you grow or are you familiar with what varieties of watermelon? 117: #1 {D:No No I don't know} # Interviewer: #2 Do you remember any of the names of # 117: I wasn't a watermelon grower but you had a yellow meat and then you had a had a red meat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And then you had that little {D:Six bus of seamen} that would come up and volunteer on {D:field that was the best one of all} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um. And then what do you call these little things that uh that grow uh some of them are uh you can't be eaten uh and some of them can they look like little umbrellas. 117: {D:Got a little stamen} you call it? Is that what you're talking about? Interviewer: No now that's a squash isn't it. {D:It's similar} 117: I want to say {X} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 {D:but I'm willing} # Interviewer: But no I'm thinking of something these are little things that they stand about this high. And uh they look like little umbrellas. They stand 117: You talking about mushrooms? Interviewer: Yeah. Now what do you call the the ones that can't be eaten the poisonous ones? 117: Well it's just a mushroom. {D:You know one you know them all} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of a toadstool #1 or a frog's # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: A toadstool 117: Oh yeah yeah I've heard of 'em called a toadstool but those are mushrooms. Interviewer: Okay. And if a person has something in his throat you'd say he couldn't- 117: Got a frog in his throat. Interviewer: Yeah or he he was unable to he couldn't 117: Talk? Interviewer: Well he couldn't get it down you'd say he couldn't 117: Couldn't swallow a frog? #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: nothing about that. Interviewer: Alright. And uh things that people smoke the two the two things people smoke most. This addition to a pipe they smoke 117: Pipe and cigarette and cigars? Interviewer: Alright. And um uh if um. You think someone should know something. Um would you say uh he ought to know it or he had ought to know it? 117: {NS} Interviewer: #1 Which sounds more # 117: #2 {NS} # I'd say he ought to know it I didn't say he had ought to. Interviewer: Alright and what about the negative of that? If 117: He does not know it. Interviewer: Alright how how about hadn't ought to? Or ought not to know it? 117: I'd say he does not know it #1 {D:I don't} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if uh someone asked you um will you do that? And the answer is no You say no. Will you do that you? You'd say no I- 117: Will not. Interviewer: Or I simply no I won't. 117: I'd say no I will not. Interviewer: Alright. Um someone says can you help me and you're not sure you'd say well I- be able to help you. 117: Maybe so. Interviewer: Okay. How about might? Or might could? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The expression might could I might could do it. 117: I wouldn't might do. Interviewer: Alright. 117: I wouldn't do I wouldn't say that. I wouldn't put might in on mine. Interviewer: Alright. Um what do you call these birds that make a hooting sound? 117: I call them hoot owls. Interviewer: Alright are there any other kinds of owls besides hoot owls? 117: Yeah. {NS} There's a screech owl. Interviewer: Alright. How does that differ from a hoot owl? 117: A hoot owl is a big old owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And a screech owl is a smaller owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. Now um are there any other kinds of owls? Besides those two are those the only two that you're 117: That's the only ones I ever made the acquaintance of. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call these birds that get up in trees and um um peck for um uh insects? 117: Woodpeckers? Interviewer: Alright. Um you ever call them anything else? 117: Well I you got uh {X} woodpeckers. You got uh what we has was a big old red headed woodpecker he is extinct. Then you had a {D:yellow hallow} that one. And then you had a sapsucker which was a speckled {X} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 You # had three types of {X} as I knew it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: With dig holes and then them dig in your trees and then making that sound. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Does that cover? Interviewer: That's yeah that's fine. What do you call these animals that uh give off a bad odor? 117: Skunk? You talking about a polecat? Interviewer: Right. Alright. And what uh can you what is a general word that people use for all kinds of uh troublesome animals? 117: Varmints. Interviewer: Alright what do they what does that include? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What does that include? 117: Varmints? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: {NS} Well that includes {X} possum as far as I presume. Interviewer: Okay it's mainly opossum huh? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Mainly possums huh? 117: Aw {D:any climate there's a} {D:in Georgia} it's a different {X} whatever you can call it you know what I'm trying to say. Interviewer: Troubles yeah it causes 117: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 117: all of 'em are varmints. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright do you ever use that in relating to people? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Do you ever use that term uh applying apply that term to people? 117: They're varmints? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: It could be. Interviewer: {NW} Alright. How uh what do you call these uh these little creatures that run around in trees and gather nuts? 117: What? Interviewer: These little things that um that run around in trees. 117: You talking about little squirrels? Interviewer: Yeah now what kinds of those are there? 117: Oh I don't know. They're all pesky to me. They all rodents. Interviewer: Alright. Do you have a name for those um for for the little ones that don't go up in trees that just run around the ground they're 117: They're they're ground squirrels or a chipmunk or chipmunks. Interviewer: Okay. And these things have hard shells um and sometimes pearls are found in them. 117: You talking about a terrapin? Interviewer: Uh no I'm going to get to that though uh uh what what's uh what distinctions do you make um uh among those those creatures? 117: I didn't get that. Interviewer: Well among you said terrapins now uh do they do they live in land or water? 117: Oh you got turtles in the water and terrapins on top of the ground I {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now this is something else this isn't a terrapin or a turtle this is something uh more like a clam that {NW} that lives in the water and uh sometimes a pearl is found in it. 117: Oh I think that's an oyster that's the animal I know nothing about Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 that. # Interviewer: How about these things that hop around and make a croaking sound? 117: Frog? Interviewer: Yeah now what any different kinds of those? 117: Well you got a toad frog and a bullfrog and you got some little bitty frogs and you got all sorts of Interviewer: #1 Right. # 117: #2 frogs. # Interviewer: Now do you have any names for those little ones? 117: I never could never did see but two or three of 'em. Those little things Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 in # in the spring of the year they're singing and you get {D:tired of that quick} but they're little bitty green Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: frogs. Interviewer: And no special name for them though? 117: I never heard the name. Interviewer: The rain frog or tree frog or something like that. 117: A rain frog supposed to be in trees he's he's he's not that little bitty one I'm talking about. Interviewer: I see. Those little 117: #1 The rain frog I # Interviewer: #2 {D:ones} # 117: {X} tree frog I don't know nothing about Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 that. # Interviewer: I've heard those little ones called peepers. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Peepers. 117: Well I I never heard Interviewer: Alright. Now these things that uh crawl around under the ground sometimes on top of the ground 117: #1 Are moles? # Interviewer: #2 and use # Yeah these no these are things you use for bait. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: These things you use for bait when you're fishing. 117: Talking about worms those or night crawlers those Interviewer: Alright. Yeah. Now would you just would you use any other words besides just worms or night crawlers? 117: Wigglers I'd say wigglers. Interviewer: Alright. Now um these things grow uh live in the water and they they they seem to move backwards. {NS} 117: They do what? Interviewer: They move backwards they have hard shells. 117: {D:All I} {NW} You talking about a crawfish. Interviewer: Right. And these things fly around uh attracted to to light and they fly on they get into your uh to your clothes they sometimes eat holes in your clothing. 117: What you talking about bats? Interviewer: Not these are are more more like butterflies. They're not butterflies but they're more they're they're more like butterflies than bats. But they fly around and they get into cloth and they eat cloth. 117: Moths? Interviewer: Yeah what would just one of 'em be called? One- 117: Moths? Interviewer: Yeah. That's plural now what would just one of 'em be called? 117: I would just put an S on and call it moths. Interviewer: Yeah and how about just one though? 117: One's a moth. Interviewer: Alright. And uh what is and these little things that fly around you see 'em in the summertime in the night and they light up. 117: Lightning bug. Interviewer: Alright. And these are long slender creatures above uh in- flying insects that you sometimes see sitting on top of a pole. The or around water. In the country. 117: {D:I never} {D:met any of} Interviewer: No I was thinking of something like either a snake doctor or a or um mosquito hawk or a 117: Oh. Interviewer: dragonfly something 117: Dragonfly he ain't he ain't got no light to him. Had he? Interviewer: No. 117: {NW} Yeah I've seen snake doctor I've got skin of it. Interviewer: Okay. Now would you name some other kinds of stinging insects? {NS} 117: Stinging insects? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: There's plenty of 'em. Interviewer: Alright name a few. 117: Well you got your hornets and you got the yellow jackets. And you got your bees. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And there is a stinging scorpion I think that they called him he he's a queer looking thing and he's got his tail comes up that's where Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 he'll sting ya # I think that's what's called stinging scorpion. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This is something this is some there's another kind though besides hornets and bees and yellow jackets. The brown ones. {NS} 117: Wasps? Interviewer: Yeah. Is that plural or singular? 117: Huh? Interviewer: The plural. Of that. 117: #1 {D:Say again} # Interviewer: #2 Two # 117: #1 It's gonna be wasp. # Interviewer: #2 two # Yeah. That's is that just one isn't it? That's just one of those insects. 117: I said well a wasp nest I I wouldn't know what #1 {D:if i had} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: I wouldn't know how to Interviewer: Alright. 117: find two. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Two wasps. {C:pronunciation} Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh what about um uh a um um did you ever hear a name for some of these wasps that do not sting? 117: What? Interviewer: The ones that don't sting? That build nests out of mud? 117: There's a certain kind of a you got a carpenter bee a bumble bee and you got one that don't and I don't believe he stings. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: One one bumblebee that don't sting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: That's the only thing I know. Interviewer: Okay I was thinking of a dirt dauber. 117: Huh? Interviewer: A dirt dauber. 117: Don't he sting? Interviewer: I don't I don't know. Do you think 117: I don't know either I had to get up and tear his nest down. Interviewer: Uh what's that? 117: I said all I know is tear his nest down. Interviewer: Whose nest? 117: Oh dirt dauber he makes his nest and fills it full of {X} I believe. Interviewer: Okay. Um now this is a kind of a stinging insect that draws blood. {NS} It does what? Draws blood? 117: Oh. Interviewer: It's a little very oh sure you do they come in the summer they they sting ya and you get a a welt that itches. 117: You talking about a mosquito. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Yeah. Now is that one or two? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Is that one or two you're talking about there? 117: I just put an S to make it plural. Interviewer: And what's that then? {NS} That's right no what what's the word? 117: I just add an S to it and then Interviewer: #1 Yeah but I mean # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: say it let's see that I want you to say the word not 117: Saying two mosquitoes that keep me up. Interviewer: Okay alright fine. Now uh these things hop around in the grass an insect. 117: {NW} Interviewer: They're kind of green. {NS} 117: You talking about a grasshopper? Interviewer: Sure. 117: Oh my lord these these gals over buy grasshopper {X} sometimes #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C:Laughing} # {NW} {C:Laughing} 117: I see them every day on the street. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now what do you call little fish that are used for bait? 117: Minnows. Interviewer: Alright and um a um something um made uh by a spider. 117: A web. Interviewer: Alright would you call it the same thing indoors or out? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Would you call it the same thing whether it's in a house or outside? 117: I think just a web's a web either way you put it. Interviewer: Alright how about the parts of a tree that are underground? 117: That's the roots. Interviewer: And the and the tree 117: The trunk of the tree and then the limbs. Interviewer: Right. And this is the part of the tree that um that the you get uh the kind of tree that you get syrup from. 117: Maple. Interviewer: Alright. And if there were uh if there were a number of these trees together in a in a group you what would you call that? A number of maple trees. 117: We we don't have any we don't have that don't forget that down here that's a Northern Interviewer: Okay sure what kinds of trees are there around here then? 117: There's {X} trees. Interviewer: Yeah just yeah just some of the local trees. 117: Well we've got several types of oaks. We've got a red oak and a white oak and a post oak that's three distinct and got a blackjack that's four. {NS} And we had one of these old Spanish oak that's what I thought the negroes told me it was. A Spanish oak Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 it's # a sleek bark. It's this big one one of those ones. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: All different classifications. Interviewer: What's a blackjack? 117: He's a little old old growing thing {X} {D:on on a raw pole and} you and when you go down here about um {NS} the fall line {D:in Georgia} you'll find plenty of old blackjacks {D:around Taylor County} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 All down # in there you'll find {D:plenty of old} {D: scrubbings} {D:And they} they actually don't grow to be tall. Their leaves are very ordinary tree. Interviewer: Is it a kind of oak? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is it a kind of 117: It's a blackjack oak. Interviewer: I see. Um how what kinds of fruit trees name a few different kinds of fruit trees whether they grow here or not. 117: Well we had peaches and apples and pears and and plums and that's just about Interviewer: What did George Washington cut down? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What did George Washington supposedly cut down? 117: He cut down a cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay and this a kind of uh 117: I forgot cherry but they don't they They used to flourish here but they don't flourish Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {D:out here in} # {D: Troup} We had three in our home that big #1 {D:when I was} # Interviewer: #2 Is that # 117: {D:Christmas} at that farm. Interviewer: Is that so. Um what um uh this is a more like a almost more like a bush than a tree. And it has great big in the in the it has it has I think it has large leaves and in the um uh in the um uh fall it becomes a very bright red. It's very beautiful. Uh tree. 117: You mean like a you're not talking about a {X} Interviewer: No. No I was thinking of either sumac or shoemake. 117: Oh. You you you you mean like {D:left those with} {D:all the} {D:full leaves} now? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: A Shoemake's supposed to be a red {X} one #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Now this is a kind of vine that you get uh a rash from 117: Talking about uh poison oak? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that the only kind or is there something else like that? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Can you think of something else similar to that? 117: Well you got some {D:poison} on you but uh You have Thunderwood which is a shrub. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: He's here it'll burn ya up. Interviewer: I see. Well I was thinking of poison ivy. 117: Oh I We call ours poison oak. But it don't bother me. Interviewer: I see. And if you were out in the woods with some children they were picking berries You might say to them you'd better be careful now because some of those berries are 117: Snake berries? Is that what you call 'em? Interviewer: Well these just you just want them to know that not to eat the berries. And you'd say {X} #1 for the reason # 117: #2 {X} # There there is a berry that'll sting in my place out there. We always called them snake berries. Don't eat them. Interviewer: Yeah. Well I was gonna say what now with Why don't you eat them? 117: We always heard that they'd kill you. Interviewer: Alright and if so they'd kill you you'd say such berries that would kill you you'd say are what? 117: Poison. Interviewer: Right. And um uh what other kinds of what kinds of edible berries grow around here? 117: Well we had it blackberries and raspberries and the strawberries. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something that um a kind of um uh it's a tree. Uh has a a a big bright shiny leaf and it has a {X} very large white flowers. On it. 117: There's a big broad leaf. Interviewer: Yeah it has a big heavy shiny deep dark green leaf and it has large white flowers. 117: You talking about a magnolia? Interviewer: Yeah. Now can you think of something else similar to a magnolia that doesn't have the flowers though? 117: Well your your poplar has a somewhat magnolia like. Because it tulip {D:poplar} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 {D:I think} # Poplar it has sort of a little thing more like a little tulip and it's a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And it makes seed {D:then} Interviewer: Well I was thinking of either a mountain laurel or a rhododendron if you're familiar with either of those. {NS} 117: Well I don't know nothing about mountain laurel I've seen it but since it's poison and {X} so I never was any Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: How about rhododendron? 117: I don't know I don't know that. Interviewer: Alright. A woman talking about uh the man she's married to she says I must ask my- 117: My husband. {D:My} Interviewer: And yes and he would speak speaking of her he'd say I must ask my- 117: What's that? Interviewer: Yeah what would be the reverse? So what what would the man say of the women? 117: I got to ask my wife. Interviewer: Right. 117: And I never wasn't willing to. Interviewer: Okay. {C:Laughing} Okay. Um uh your male parent is your- 117: Your father. Interviewer: And what did you call your father when you were 117: What'd I call mine? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I called him papa. Interviewer: Alright and your female parent- 117: She was mama. Interviewer: Okay. And the the full expression is- 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Yeah but the mama is the the short form what's the full form? 117: My mama as use the French use the French version. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 My mom. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 My mama. # Interviewer: But just in English 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 the full # He's your father and she is your- 117: {D:Well} {D:now I} {NS} Mother was my grandmother. Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 117: #2 As I would call # {D:her home} mother mother. Interviewer: I see so you'd call 117: And and see mother was my grandmother. Interviewer: I see. {NS} I see. How about your um uh your um um your male grandparent. 117: He was grandfather. Interviewer: Alright. And together your mother and your father are your- {NS} 117: Huh? Interviewer: Together your mother and your father are your- 117: {D:Well now} I I would've said pa and mother. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 They didn't say maw. # Interviewer: Yeah. No I didn't mean anything you just talked about their relationship to you you'd say they're your what? 117: #1 My grandparents. # Interviewer: #2 Your mother # 117: #1 My parents # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: and #1 grandparents yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And a person's offspring are his- 117: Children. Interviewer: Alright. And a and something you take a child out for a a uh take {X} put a baby in women take the baby and puts it in this and takes it outside for a walk. 117: Got to change his clothes? Interviewer: No just something to to walk him around in outside. If you saw a women walking with a baby outside in in one of these things what would you call that thing she's 117: I wouldn't call it I Interviewer: I mean would you call it a baby carriage or a a baby buggy 117: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 that sort of thing. # 117: You didn't tell me you sit him up in the Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 carriage # hell you've answered your own question. Interviewer: Okay well I didn't know which word you'd use. Uh and a person doing that would you say she's wheeling the baby rolling the baby or riding the baby? {NS} 117: I'd say she's pushing the carriage. Interviewer: Okay. Um and a female offspring is a- 117: daughter Interviewer: And she's not a boy but a- 117: Gal. Interviewer: Alright or uh another way of saying that. 117: A female. Interviewer: Yeah. Is a 117: {D:You want me to say} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 {D:a female} # or something else? Interviewer: No well I mean now is that the only way you'd say that word? Other than gal? 117: Girl Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 you got # a lassy Interviewer: Alright yeah 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 fine. And # A woman who assists in the birth of a child is called a- 117: Say she's expecting one. Interviewer: Yeah but no there's a woman a woman has is expecting a baby immediately 117: #1 {D:She's} # Interviewer: #2 and she might call # 117: #1 She's # Interviewer: #2 ca- # 117: an expectant #1 mother # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 117: she's pregnant. Interviewer: Yeah and she calls a woman in the neighborhood to come over and assist with the birth of the child what's that woman called? Woman in the neighborhood who isn't a professional doctor. She isn't the physician. 117: Oh you talking about um midwife. You talking about a midwife? Interviewer: Right. Um and if a boy has um uh facial features very similar to his father um you might say the boy does what his father? 117: The boy's a what? Interviewer: He has facial features very similar to his father. {NS} 117: Then you said what {D:what did you what what} Interviewer: #1 Yeah well # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what what word would you use there would you say he resembles his father uh 117: #1 I I I # Interviewer: #2 favors his father # 117: I'd go back to dialect I'd say {D:he's the very spirit} of his daddy. Interviewer: Okay. Fine. Um and now if this referred to his to his looks or his behavior. {NS} 117: That's his looks. His behavior is I don't even know about. Interviewer: Alright. And if a ch- you might say to a child if you don't behave yourself you're going to get a- 117: Spanking. Interviewer: Alright. And um {NS} Let's say um um a little boy um uh to go from a little to be go from a little boy to a man you'd say that the little boy did what? He- 117: He {X} Interviewer: Yeah or he grew {NS} 117: Grew to manhood? Interviewer: Yeah but you'd say now he's all- {NS} He's fully grown now so you'd say Would you say he's all what up? 117: Grown up? Interviewer: Sure. You'd say it seems like in no time he- 117: Seems {D:about the time} he's grown up? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} I just meant it and so you might say about him you might say he did what in a hurry? He {NS} He grew up I mean or growed up. He grew up or growed up in a hurry you see. {NS} 117: Well he grew up in a hurry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: I let him grew up. Interviewer: Okay. Um How about terms for an infant? born out of wedlock {NS} 117: He's a little bastard. Interviewer: Okay any other names. 117: Yeah he's a little volunteer. Interviewer: Alright. Anything else? 117: That's enough for it. Interviewer: Okay. And a child whose parents are dead is a- 117: Well he's he's a little love child too now that's what I call 'em #1 one of those. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I see. Alright and a and a um 117: Parents he's an orphan. Interviewer: Alright and a and if um an orphan uh s- the court if the court appoints someone to take care of an orphan you call that person a- 117: Guardian. Interviewer: Alright. And all of the people related to you you call them your- 117: Call them my kin. Interviewer: Alright and um would that be immediate or uh and distant relatives all your relatives you'd call your kin. 117: That that kinship would include include all of 'em but uh the the degree would come later. Interviewer: I see. And then you if you'd say speaking of of someone not having any relationship to someone else you might say he is what to her? He is- 117: He's what? Interviewer: He is to say he he has no he's not a blood relative. {NS} Of uh of her. Of a girl you'd say so you'd say he is no what Would you say he is no kin to her or he is no uh relation to her? He is not related to her or he's 117: No kin would be alright. You see I I got no I have no close kin. That's factual. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh uh a person born in another country you'd call him a what? 117: Call him a foreigner. Interviewer: Alright. And what does that word mean does that is that limited to people born in other countries? Or also for people from different parts of this country? 117: Well {D:I vote for} {D:Bill Beasy} {D:he's fallen} {X} {X} Southerners so that's where I got it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And the mother of Jesus her name was- 117: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington's wife? 117: Named Martha. Interviewer: And the song Wait Till the Sun Shines 117: What? Interviewer: There was a song some time ago in which uh the words wait till the sun shine 117: shine Nellie and the clouds go drifting #1 by # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Okay. And the first book of the New Testament is- Right before Mark. 117: Matthew Mark Luke and John. Interviewer: Right. And um a man's name is um a man Mr. Cooper his wife'd be? 117: What's that? Interviewer: Man's name Mr. Cooper his wife's name would be- 117: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: Alright. And do you have a name for a part time or unqualified preacher? {NS} 117: He was licensed. Interviewer: Yeah but if he wasn't even licensed he just went around uh 117: That's illegal now right? Interviewer: Yeah. How about um uh the term jack leg does that have any currency? 117: #1 {D:Oh} # Interviewer: #2 Around here? # 117: common {X} Interviewer: What does that mean? 117: Jack leg well if you that's not rating him very high. Interviewer: Alright. Is that limited to preachers or do you use that 117: No you have jack legs in any profession. Interviewer: For example. {NS} 117: I think a little jack legged lawyers. Interviewer: Alright. Um do you have a uh uh what would you call a in in school a a female teacher? 117: What's that? Interviewer: A female teacher in school. 117: Well it's nothing but a female teacher. Interviewer: Yeah if if well if you had a female teacher would you have a special name for her? Like a school something? 117: I don't know there used to be something about seminaries. I don't know what you're Interviewer: #1 No I didn't # 117: #2 talking # Interviewer: mean that I meant it like a school ma'am or a schoolmarm. 117: Schoolmarm was who ma'am would be Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: the way that'll go. Interviewer: And if you're talking to a um a relative of yours and you point to a man over there you'd say that man over there he's your uncle. And his wife she's- 117: My aunt. Of course. Interviewer: Yeah. But not my but talking to you're talking to another person. You're explaining this relationship to another person. You'd say he is your uncle and she is- 117: She is my uncle's wife yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Um {NS} And um the uh the name Sally is a nickname for- 117: Sarah. Interviewer: Alright. And the highest rank in the army is- 117: Now buddy I don't know unless it's a general. Interviewer: That's all I want. And the man who presides over a trial is a- 117: Judge. Interviewer: And the uh person attending school is a- 117: Student. Interviewer: And a woman who takes dictation in an office? {NS} 117: She used to be a stenographer I don't know what she is Interviewer: #1 Alright # 117: #2 now. # Interviewer: a stenographer was one who takes dictation but one who does other kind of work in an office would be a what? A pri- a person might have a private 117: Secretary I reckon. Interviewer: Alright and the man on a stage is an actor what's a woman called? 117: A man does what? Interviewer: On a stage a performer on a stage would be called an actor. 117: Yeah. Interviewer: What would a woman be #1 called? # 117: #2 She's an # actress. Interviewer: Alright. And talking about someone's nationality you'd say uh he is a Mexican but I am- 117: I am an American. Right and a person with black skin is a- He's a nigger. Interviewer: Alright any other words? Any other terms? 117: Mm? Interviewer: Are there any other terms that uh uh you're familiar with? For a Black man? Yeah. 117: Well they think they're supposed to be called Black men or African and I don't want Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 to. # Interviewer: But are there any any any humorous or contemptuous terms that you uh you're familiar with? Besides those? 117: I don't get what you're trying Interviewer: Well I mean are there any other terms besides nigger that uh you might use in to to to um uh to refer to uh to a a person with black skin. {NS} 117: No. We knew 'em as niggers and then {NS} knew 'em and loved 'em. We called 'em niggers and we knew 'em and we loved 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {D:As niggers isn't it} It don't in our day it didn't have the significance that it carries today. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about people with white skin? 117: Huh? Interviewer: People that with with uh light skin with white skin what are they called? 117: They're called cashews is all I know. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a uh how about um uh a term perhaps used by Negroes or and sometimes used by sometimes used by Negroes and sometimes used by Caucasians to to refer to to poor uh white people. 117: What you're talking about poor white trash? Interviewer: Okay. Now any terms that you're familiar with for a person living in the country. Or and out of touch with town life. {NS} 117: Country cracker? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. That's the sort of thing # 117: #2 That's what you're talking about? # Interviewer: now that that's a very that's a good one. Now are there any others. Like that that you can think of. 117: Country cracker's all I know. Interviewer: Alright. Do you have you ever heard the term {D: sayjer} {C:Unclear on term meant} 117: {D:Sayjer} country {D:sayjer} yeah Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 I heard # that but country cracker was what they used to Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 say. # Interviewer: Where did you hear {D: sayjer} Do you remember? 117: Don't know too much about that. Interviewer: Alright. 117: {D:Us} us was in the country but us wasn't crackers. Interviewer: Okay. {X} Were the crackers well were how did the crackers how did the crackers differ from other people? 117: Huh? Interviewer: How did the crackers differ from other people? {NS} 117: Well I don't know unless it was that they just had a s- lower standard of of living Interviewer: {NW} 117: on {D:every school} Interviewer: I see. 117: I think that {D:west end of Morrow's} was always lower than the {X} mentioned class but we we had cash we had cash yeah we Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And you had your different classes of folks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And you gonna have 'em again in {D: Fayes} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} If you um If you want if someone was rushing you to go someplace and you wanted them eh to you wanted a little more time you might say just what I'll be with you. Just- {NS} 117: I I'd tell 'em don't pressure me. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say don't pressure me but say you're talking about a period of time about sixty seconds. Ya know? Say just- {NS} 117: I'll be ready to go directly. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 Is that what you want? # Interviewer: Yeah or just a minute. 117: Mm? Interviewer: Like the expression just a minute. 117: No we used to be dir- directly is what we directly I don't know what directly was I haven't looked it up. Interviewer: Alright. How much is sixty seconds? 117: Sixty seconds? Is a minute. Interviewer: Alright. And if you wanted to know the distance from here to Palmetto let's say you might ask someone how- 117: How far is it. Interviewer: Yeah. And under what circumstances do you use the expression uh look here? 117: Look here? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Under what circumstance? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: When you try to get attention. Interviewer: Okay. 117: That's e- for emphasis. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh if you wanted to know the number of times someone does something. You might say how what? #1 Do you do it. # 117: #2 How often # do you do that. Interviewer: Yeah. And if someone says I'm not going to do that. And you agree with them {D:you say} someone says I'm not going to do that. And you'd say- about yourself. 117: I ain't either. I ain't either. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh this up here is what? {NS} What's this stuff? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: What's this stuff? What's this stuff here? 117: What what you talking about your hair? Interviewer: Yeah and up here this is my what? 117: That's your forehead Interviewer: And this is my- 117: That's your ear. Interviewer: Which one? 117: Wait a minute see let's {D:take a paper towel to it} Your ear's not big enough. {NW} Interviewer: Which one is this over here? 117: That is your left ear. Interviewer: And this one? 117: That's your right ear. Interviewer: And if I let my whiskers grow I might grow a- 117: Beard. Interviewer: And this is my- 117: Mouth. Interviewer: And this is one- 117: One tooth. Interviewer: And two- 117: {NW} That's teeth. Interviewer: Alright. And this is my- 117: Throat or or neck. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 {D:Either one} # Interviewer: Uh and this is the what of my hand? 117: That's the palm of your hand. Interviewer: And um this is one- And then and then two- 117: That's Interviewer: two two 117: #1 Fingers. # Interviewer: #2 what? # 117: Fingers. Interviewer: #1 And two what # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: though? 117: Huh? Interviewer: One hand two- 117: You got your right and left hand. Interviewer: And taken together they're two- 117: {D:They're two} Ten fingers. Interviewer: Alright you're just talking about that {NS} The uh this is one hand and this makes two. 117: Two hands yeah. Interviewer: Right. Did you ever heard the the the throat called anything else #1 besides the throat? # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: {NS} Do you remember the throat being called anything besides the throat? 117: {D:Me?} Interviewer: Yeah or anything else. 117: Well I don't know anything about the Interviewer: #1 {X} # 117: #2 {X} # called the neck. What you talking Interviewer: I think a goozle. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Thinking of goozle. 117: Oh that's that's your goozle yeah. Interviewer: #1 {D:Alright} # 117: #2 {D:Yeah} # Interviewer: your Adam's apple. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Your Adam's apple is your #1 goozle huh. # 117: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: I see. And if if I make this I'm making a what? 117: Fist. Interviewer: And two- 117: Two fists. Interviewer: Alright. And um uh if you're talking about your elbow and your wrist and your shoulders your knees your ankles all of these things. Say I had pains in the- 117: My joints. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And is that the usual pronunciation you'd use? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is that the usual pronunciation you'd use? 117: I never used it before #1 in my life. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # What would you use? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What is the #1 {X} # 117: #2 {D:But I I} # I just that was voluntary so that's natural. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you but I mean would you call it joints or #1 joints {C:pronunciation} # 117: #2 I said # joints but Interviewer: Alright. And um uh this is a a part of a man's body is his what? 117: That's his chest. Interviewer: Alright and these are- 117: Shoulders. Interviewer: And this is the 117: {D:What?} Interviewer: This whole thing is a- 117: That a leg. Interviewer: Yeah. And this is one- {NS} 117: That's a foot Interviewer: #1 And two # 117: #2 I reckon. # Interviewer: of 'em? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Two- 117: Two feet. Interviewer: Alright. And if a person isn't feeling well um you'd say uh he and he and he he looks he's his skin 117: He's ailing. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 He don't feel # fine. Interviewer: And you might say he looks um mighty- 117: Peccant. Interviewer: Alright. And uh if a person is able to lift a very heavy object you'd say he's he really is- {NW} 117: He's a strong man. Interviewer: Alright and a person gets along very well with everyone you'd say he's what kind of a person? {NS} 117: Gets along very well? I'd say he's a smooth operator. Interviewer: Alright. But I mean {X} now does that that is a perfectly neutral uh expression? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is that is that a I mean just you're talking about someone a neighbor of yours who's very friendly with everybody you call him a smooth operator? {NS} Or would it be someone Uh I mean I didn't mean necessarily an operator I just mean someone who who uh 117: Who's affable? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 117: That that affable might be uh a better selection then. Interviewer: Alright. Um what does the word common mean to you? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What does the word common mean? 117: Common mean? Interviewer: Yeah. Talking about people. 117: Just a common everyday {X} no no distinguishing points just a run-of-the-mill type. Interviewer: But if you talked about someone being common what would that suggest? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: If you talked about someone being common what 117: If I talked about someone being common I'd I'd be talking about somebody kept down Interviewer: Okay. 117: That's the way I feel about Interviewer: I see And if a if a if a woman um an older woman gets around a lot you'd say she's really what? 117: A get about? Interviewer: Okay. You'd say she's a get about {C:pronunciation} but or you might say she's she's would you use something like spry or or or pert {C:pronunciation} or lively or active something like that. {NS} 117: I don't like that spryness cause that's that's what they accuse me of being. Interviewer: Oh really well um but it's a it's a common word around here though 117: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um if um something makes you feel ill at ease you know you'd say I feel a little what? About that I feel a little {NS} And you don't really feel right about something. And that really makes 117: I'm uncomfortable when I'm ill at ease. Interviewer: Okay. Fine. And if a person doesn't uh if a person has fear of something you'd say he's what? 117: Well I have claustrophobia now I can sa- say that about myself. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I have a fear of closed places that's just about the as far as I know about fear. Interviewer: Alright. But I just mean the general word for that. Like in the expression the children used to say who's the what of the big bad 117: #1 Who's # Interviewer: #2 wolf? # 117: scared of it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 Who's # scared of it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 {D:Mm yeah} # Interviewer: And um {NW} say a person um at one time was afraid of something but is no longer afraid of that you might say she what to be afraid of the dark? {NS} She- She isn't afraid of the dark now but she- {NS} in the past. 117: She used to be afraid of the dark. Interviewer: Okay. And what would the negative of that be? If someone contradicts that statement that she used to be afraid of the dark a person might say she didn't- 117: She's she's bold I I don't Interviewer: No I didn't mean that I mean something like would you say she didn't use to be afraid of the dark is that does that sound alright? {NS} 117: Yes that's alright. Interviewer: What? {NS} 117: You say she didn't used to be but she is now. #1 {D:Or like} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 117: the other way around. Interviewer: Either way is okay. Now a person who is uh who doesn't watch out what he's doing and is uh you might say he's a very what kind of person? 117: He's a careless fella I reckon. Interviewer: Alri- 117: {D:He's used to that} He's he's pure carelessness. Interviewer: Okay. And um a person does things differently from the way other people do it he might be called what kind of a person? 117: I don't know about that but I I I {D:am also} left-handed {D:of course staying to} a different side of a lotta people. Interviewer: Okay. What about the word the uh the uh a word for for a person's behavior is strange. Instead of you might say he's strange or you might say he is what? 117: Queer. Interviewer: Alright. Now does that word have any other connotations or suggestions? 117: Hmm. To say he's queer means he don't fit in {D:the most} category of what's right. Interviewer: Okay. And if a person is uh easily offended you might say he's awfully what? 117: Oh he's got a chip on his shoulder. Interviewer: That's right now. He has a chip on his shoulder he's very- {NS} Uh if a uh if a person doesn't um {NW} and when a person a person has a chip on his shoulder or he's touchy um you might say when when someone bothers him he gets awfully what? {NS} 117: {NW} I don't know what you're talking about unless you say get off his {X} get off his {X} I don't Interviewer: Nah I didn't mean that But I meant you'd say he he'd get awfully- Would you say he'd get awfully angry 117: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 he'd get awfully # mad? 117: So you were saying awful I didn't Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 get that awful # I missed Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {D:I missed off} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 117: He becomes incensed I I can get Interviewer: Yeah that's 117: #1 {D:I get that} # Interviewer: #2 the idea. # 117: #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 {D:but} # Okay. And if a person gets upset ya know you might tell him just- 117: Calm down. Interviewer: Right. And a person works all day he says I'm really what? {NS} 117: #1 Hard? # Interviewer: #2 Person # Yes again please. That's right what Say it again. 117: Oh hard worked hard? Interviewer: Yeah worked hard all day and now he's very- 117: Tired. Interviewer: Right. Or he's all what? He's all- 117: All in. Interviewer: Alright. Um how about the past tense of wear out? 117: The what? Interviewer: He's all- 117: Worn out. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 117: #2 He's all # worn out Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And a person has been um um um eh You might say a person became ill. But how about if you were going to use the term sick? She what sick? 117: Say she was {X} Interviewer: Yeah she was. Would you say she took sick she got sick {NS} 117: I wouldn't know how to speak that I tell you when you go {NS} go about ladies I don't tell you I Interviewer: #1 Not necessarily a lady # 117: #2 {D:around them} # Interviewer: a man either either a man he was he he uh he got sick or he he uh he took sick. {NS} Or a child. You'd say 117: Oh you're talking about if took sick. Interviewer: Yeah sure. 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 If that's what you'd use. # 117: #1 Either one of them # Interviewer: #2 {D:And that} # 117: tooken sick. Interviewer: I see and a person uh went out didn't wear enough clothes on a rainy day you know or a cold day and you'd say he what cold? 117: Got wet and he took cold. Interviewer: Alright. Would you ever use the term caught here? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Um. Alright. And a person that is talks like this {C:talking softly in strained voice} {NS} you'd say he's what? 117: Hoarse. Interviewer: Alright and he has a {NW} {C:imitating coughing} 117: Cough. Interviewer: Um. And the doctor comes over and the doctor's giving you some medicine to take ya know and he says um uh did you take your medicine? And you say I what some yesterday? Medicine. 117: I say I took some Interviewer: #1 Yes # 117: #2 {D:yesterday} # Interviewer: and I have all the medicine you've given me. I have- {NS} 117: Say you've taken #1 {D:all the medicine} # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And a person # can't hear he's what? 117: He's deaf that's me I'm deaf you've found that out. Interviewer: No you're not deaf if you were deaf I wouldn't be able to talk to you. 117: {NW} {C:Laughing} Interviewer: Um. The uh a person um uh on a hot day he might what? 117: What? Interviewer: On a hot day a person might- 117: He might perspire yeah. Interviewer: #1 Alright another # 117: #2 {D:He would} # sweat. Interviewer: #1 Alright. Either way # 117: #2 {D:Do I reckon this way} # perspire. Interviewer: Alright. And um a person gets a large sore on his hand you know that has to be lanced {NS} What do you call that? {NS} 117: You talking about a carbuncle? Interviewer: Something like a carbuncle except this thing has a core in it. {NS} 117: It has a core you say? Interviewer: Yeah. It has a it's a #1 large # 117: #2 {X} # you talking Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's right # 117: #2 about? # Interviewer: that's right. Um {NS} now what is the what do you call that stuff inside of a 117: It's pus. Interviewer: Alright. And um if uh a person has a bad infection in his hand you might say his hand did what it- {NS} 117: Swollen up? Interviewer: Yeah. Um it you'd say a wasp stung me yesterday and my hand really- That's you're {X} that's the right word now what How would you use it there? My uh a wasp stung me and my hand really- 117: Swelled up? Interviewer: Right. Um. And a person is shot with a revolver you know uh and and suffers a bullet what? 117: Bullet wound. Interviewer: Alright. And uh you don't hear so much about this anymore but um {NW} in the past when a when a a wound didn't heal right. Or a a sore didn't heal right sometimes there was some some some flesh around the side that had to be uh cut away. Remember what that was called? 117: You call that proud flesh. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 117: #2 Is that what # you're talking about? Interviewer: Yes that's right. And this is something that you put on a um a uh a sore it's a disinfectant. 117: A salve? Interviewer: Yeah kind of this is something that burns. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: They don't use it as much today as they used to but it really 117: #1 An ointment? # Interviewer: #2 burns. # 117: {X} blister? Interviewer: No this is something that does burn when you put it on. 117: It's a liniment? Interviewer: No it's just the kind it's not mercurochrome but it's something like that. Only it burns. {NS} Whereas mercurochrome didn't burn. {NS} 117: I don't know nothing but {D:just a little} {X} I used to {D:put in} my hand and put it on. {X} Interviewer: Okay this is something they put in salt. Too. 117: I don't know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Iodine or iodine. {D:pronunciation} 117: Oh. Yeah yeah. Well what about it? Interviewer: #1 Which # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Well how do you pronounce it? 117: How do I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I call it iodine. Interviewer: Alright and how about {X} {C:distorted} Interviewer: now this something you take for that that they give people for malaria and it um give 'em tablets #1 either qui- # 117: #2 quinine # Interviewer: #1 uh yeah what # 117: #2 quinine # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: that's right what 117: quinine Interviewer: sure um and a person is no longer alive you say he is he's no longer alive he what last year he 117: he died Interviewer: yeah uh now are there any neutral or crude or veiled terms for that expression? 117: what's that? Interviewer: are there any other terms for that expression 117: #1 for dying or # Interviewer: #2 yeah any # other expressions for that 117: well they can use the passed away expired or #1 passed away # Interviewer: #2 okay # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and you don't know the cause of a person's death you might say I don't know what he died 117: with Interviewer: alright and the place where a person's buried is the 117: cemetery Interviewer: and the box a person's put in is the 117: is the casket Interviewer: and the and the uh ceremony is called uh 117: uh funeral s- Interviewer: #1 sure and # 117: #2 well is that # what you called it? Interviewer: that's fine #1 but sure # 117: #2 funeral that's right # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: and uh and the after a uh a funeral the family of the deceased you might say the family of the deceased is in 117: arrears? Interviewer: yeah that's the idea there's another word though they're in what when they're saddened over a death and they they might wear black you know for a while and you'd say they're wearing black she's wearing black because she's in what 117: oh full-on mourning Interviewer: sure 117: it used to be a custom #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # alright and a person asks you if you're in in good health and someone says how are you you say oh I'm there's nothing wrong with you as far as you know you know and someone asks you how you are and you say I'm what 117: I'm alright but there's something is the matter but I don't know what it #1 is # Interviewer: #2 okay # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and if a person is is troubled by something and is upset concerned you might say everything will be alright don't 117: #1 don't worry # Interviewer: #2 uh # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # sure and something get up you you when you're you have stiffness in your joints you might be suffering from what? 117: got stiffness in j- in your #1 joints # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 117: mm you could have rheumatism Interviewer: right and this #1 is a di- # 117: #2 {X} # folks always the folks that got it they call it arthritis I say they rheuma- aging on myself Interviewer: okay and this is something that cau- a disease that caused the death of a lot of children oh fifty years ago or so it was a #1 epi- # 117: #2 I don't # know Interviewer: #1 epidemic # 117: #2 that kind of stuff # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # all I know there's a scarlet fever Interviewer: dip 117: huh? Interviewer: dip 117: diphtheria Interviewer: #1 alright # 117: #2 yeah yeah that # {D: was the crawnies when I was} {D: when I was young use wire suspenders around your neck} Interviewer: mm-hmm a what around your neck? 117: used to take a little bag and put {D: nice sweaters around there it still clock any} #1 {D: thing that was} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 117: supposed to be a disinfectant so we used to Interviewer: uh-huh 117: when diphtheria come around every other school child'd have a little bag of {D: asp heads around his neck did you never hear that?} Interviewer: no 117: well now there's some there's {C: interviewer laughs} something for you Interviewer: okay uh 117: {D: ask Benjamin how I made it spell too} Interviewer: yeah okay uh I think I have heard of that but um uh they um uh something that causes a uh when if a person has uh his um his eyeballs and his even sometimes his skin becomes yellowed #1 you'd call it # 117: #2 that's # jaundice Interviewer: alright and a person gets a pain down in his side he might be having an attack of what 117: what? pains where? Interviewer: yeah uh down in his left side 117: well it could be his appendix Interviewer: alright and what and when he has that he's suffering from #1 what do you call his # 117: #2 appendicitis # Interviewer: yeah and a person can't keep food down he might 117: if he vomits Interviewer: alright yeah are there any crude terms for that? 117: hmm? Interviewer: any crude terms for that 117: he retching he r- he r- #1 retches # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and a person who does this you say he's sick what the s- in terms of the stomach would you say he's sick in his stomach or at his stomach or on the stomach 117: sick in the stomach Interviewer: alright uh if a uh if a woman refused to marry a man she'd planned to marry him you'd say she did what she 117: she's changed her mind Interviewer: alright and if she didn't though they went ahead you'd say they got 117: married Interviewer: alright at a w- and at a wedding uh a woman who assists the bride is called a 117: a woman what Interviewer: who assists the bride 117: is a bridesmaid Interviewer: alright and a noisy serenade after a wedding 117: hmm? Interviewer: do you remember they used to have a noisy celebration after a wedding? 117: no Interviewer: okay and um if you're not talking about part of the crowd you're up or you're talking about the uh what not part of them but the crowd you might say the entire crowd or you might say the 117: reception? Interviewer: no you're talking just about a group of people and you're talking not about a part of that group but the what group the not part of the town turned out for the celebration but the town turned out 117: I don't get it Interviewer: well I don't not a word for for instance you're talking about did you eat part of that you'd say no I ate the did you eat part of that uh that sandwich and you'd say no I ate the 117: you're losing me I don't know why you've got me eating at a wedding Interviewer: alright well either way the point is we're not ta- I mean I want a word here the word I'm after is a word that a word for not part not part of something but the entire thing 117: I ate it all #1 alright # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and not I uh so you'd say I ate would you say I ate the whole thing? 117: I ate it all Interviewer: yeah but how about the use of the word whole instead of part 117: well go ahead Interviewer: well that's what I want you to that's the word I want you to pronounce the word the word whole #1 you see the # 117: #2 whole # Interviewer: the whole thing 117: well I'd say the whole thing Interviewer: alright but what I was getting at is you might have uh an uh that or another word for to to #1 indicate # 117: #2 I would # say entire #1 {D: if I was cool} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # um and music plays and people go out on a floor and they do what 117: dance Interviewer: alright and a little boy doesn't attend school you might say he does what class he he doesn't attend class #1 when he should # 117: #2 he lays # out of school Interviewer: alright and um uh in in the classroom a little boy sits at a what 117: in the classroom he sits on a {D: dress sixty mansion} Interviewer: alright and what's the plural of of of that of or or bench you could #1 call it a rough sixty # 117: #2 benches # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: alright and the singular is what 117: a desk Interviewer: alright and a person goes to school in order to get a good 117: education Interviewer: alright he gets out of high school and he might go on to 117: college Interviewer: and when you mail a letter you might send it um um um um book rate you know but if you put a six cent stamp on a letter then it goes 117: first class Interviewer: alright does first class mean anything else to you besides that 117: first class? Interviewer: yeah 117: as far as the mail's going? Interviewer: no apart from the mail as for in relation to other other things 117: no first class means uh like a letter #1 is all I know about first class # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # you don't use that that has no association with school for example first class you don't make any association with school in the term first class? 117: #1 school first class # Interviewer: #2 yeah # mm-hmm 117: oh I I think first class uh I think it applies on on many #1 classifications yeah # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # meaning what? 117: huh? Interviewer: meaning what 117: really is the very best {D: offer previous} Interviewer: okay um if you wanted to check a book out you might go over to the what? 117: go to the library Interviewer: #1 yeah and wh- # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: and where would you mail a letter 117: huh? Interviewer: where would you mail a #1 letter # 117: #2 I'd # post it at the office Interviewer: okay now and where would you do what would you do where would you take it 117: hmm? Interviewer: where would you take it? 117: to the post office #1 and post # Interviewer: #2 a- # 117: in there Interviewer: alright and if you went to a strange town you might spend the night where 117: uh in a motel or a place I'd spend the night it used to be a hotel but that's Interviewer: alright and if you were going to see a play you might go to a 117: theater Interviewer: alright and if you had to have an operation you'd go to a 117: if I had a to have an operation Interviewer: yeah 117: I'd go to a hospital Interviewer: and in the hospital there was a doctor and a female is a #1 the woman # 117: #2 a nurse # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: alright and if you wanted to get a tr- get take a train someplace if there was a train running you'd go down to the 117: {D: down} Interviewer: yeah to get to get a train where would you get on a train 117: to get a drink Interviewer: a train going to take a train 117: train oh oh oh depot Interviewer: sure and if you were riding on a bus you might tell the driver I want what the next stop 117: I wanna get off at the #1 next stop # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and if you're talking about um Newnan in relation to the rest of Coweta uh you'd say that Newnan is what 117: Newnan is the county seat of the town #1 of the county # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # right and if a person worked for the post office you'd say he works for the federal 117: government Interviewer: and in eighteen sixty-one to eighteen sixty-five what was that #1 war # 117: #2 the confederacy # Interviewer: but what was that war called? 117: huh? Interviewer: what was the war called? 117: the war between the states is the way I was studied it Interviewer: okay and um the police department is uh has a job they're supposed to maintain what 117: order Interviewer: and what else 117: law Interviewer: alright would you say 'em together? 117: hmm? Interviewer: would you say the the phrase together the two parts of that expression together 117: law and order Interviewer: sure now here's some there's some locations in what state is uh Albany well there's an Albany, Georgia but there's an Albany up north where is it? 117: what? Interviewer: the well um Rochester is in what st- what state 117: Minnesota Interviewer: alright that's true uh uh uh what's the uh what's the biggest city in the United States? 117: biggest city in the United States the last I know that's San Francisco Interviewer: well on the east coast 117: huh? Interviewer: in the east coast Long Island Manhattan 117: New York of course Interviewer: alright and the and that's in um what state is that in 117: New York state Interviewer: alright and where's Baltimore? 117: Maryland Interviewer: and Middlesex County 117: huh? Interviewer: Middlesex County 117: Virginia Interviewer: alright and uh um eh Durham 117: hmm? Interviewer: Durham 117: North Carolina Interviewer: and uh Charleston 117: South Carolina Interviewer: uh and the state we're in right now 117: huh? Interviewer: the state we're in right now Newnan is in what state 117: Charleston? Interviewer: no 117: oh there's one in West Virginia ain't it Interviewer: yeah what state are we in right now 117: oh well this is in Georgia Interviewer: okay and what state is uh Tallahassee in 117: it's in Florida Interviewer: #1 alright # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: and Birmingham 117: Alabama Interviewer: uh Baton Rouge 117: Louisiana Interviewer: uh uh Louisville 117: Kentucky Interviewer: and Nashville 117: Tennessee Interviewer: Saint Louis 117: Missouri Interviewer: and Little Rock 117: Arkansas Interviewer: and uh Biloxi 117: Mississippi Interviewer: and Dallas 117: Texas Interviewer: alright and the big city in Maryland is what 117: Baltimore Interviewer: and the state the seat of the federal government is 117: District of Columbia Interviewer: in what yeah what's the word that usually goes before that the what what word usually goes before District of Columbia 117: D-C Interviewer: yeah but before that #1 what D-C # 117: #2 Washington # #1 D-C # Interviewer: #2 okay # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and the the uh the big port in South Carolina is 117: what Interviewer: the port city in South Carolina 117: {D: is it charles} if it isn't Charleston Interviewer: that's it that's right and the uh the city in uh in um uh Alabama the big city in Alabama almost directly across from here 117: it's Birmingham's the biggest in in #1 Alabama # Interviewer: #2 alright # and the city in Alabama that you if you stay right on twenty-nine and eighty-five you'll be in what city #1 going south yeah # 117: #2 in Alabama? # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # you could go down to Montgomery Interviewer: alright and then if you go on down to the coast what's the name of that #1 city # 117: #2 Mobile # I'll guess Interviewer: alright and what's the city in North Carolina up in the mountains 117: talking about Asheville? Interviewer: yeah and the city in in uh Tennessee big city in Tennessee 117: Knoxville is all on east Te- #1 Tennessee # Interviewer: #2 right # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and what's the city and now these are a couple of towns in west um central and west Tennessee that you've been to 117: what's that? Interviewer: so a couple of towns in w- central and western Tennessee that you have been to 117: oh I've been to uh Murfreesboro and and Nashville and that's in the middle of #1 Tennessee # Interviewer: #2 now how about in West # Tennessee 117: well {D: I've west to} Memphis is on the west Interviewer: #1 alright and the big city # 117: #2 and Jackson's # on the west Interviewer: okay and the big city um uh Jackson, Tennessee? 117: I've been through Jackson #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 I see # 117: it's nice there Interviewer: I see and the the the big city in Georgia just north of here is 117: Atlanta's the most I know about in Georgia Interviewer: #1 okay how about # 117: #2 well Columbus # {D: grew occasionally} Interviewer: alright and uh what there's and how about the one just south straight south of of uh of Atlanta 117: hmm? Interviewer: the pretty good sized city just straight south of Atlanta about seventy mi- five miles south of Atlanta 117: I don't know what you're talking about Interviewer: a city between if you go out of Atlanta um um on eighty-five you'll you'll come out this way but if you go out on seventy-five you go to another city in Georgia you know what that is about seventy-five miles south of Atlanta 117: you talking about LaGrange? Interviewer: no straight south I'm talking about Macon 117: oh and I well when you come in calling numbers the road numbers #1 I don't know what you're talking about # Interviewer: #2 I see I see # see but you know you know where Macon is? 117: I've been to Macon Interviewer: okay what about the city in Atlanta the the port city of Atlanta 117: is what? Interviewer: the city on the ocean pretty good sized city in Georgia on the ocean 117: oh Savannah of course Interviewer: yeah and the uh the port city of Louisiana 117: New Orleans I reckon I don't know Interviewer: alright and there's another big city in Louisiana 117: {D: give me give me dove give me a} Interviewer: or Baton 117: Baton Rouge? Interviewer: yeah the big city in Missouri 117: #1 Saint Louis # Interviewer: #2 big # city in Illinois 117: Illinois #1 Chicago I # Interviewer: #2 and th- # #1 and they # 117: #2 know # Interviewer: they the river city in Ohio 117: Cincinnati Interviewer: alright and the river city in Kentucky 117: Paducah #1 well # Interviewer: #2 Paducah's # one that's right and there's another one further down the river or further up the river I guess 117: well no Interviewer: where where Churchill Downs is 117: Louisville Interviewer: yeah and if someone wanted to know the distance uh um how ma- how uh the number uh talking about a um um say I walked one mile and then I walked nine more then I walked ten what I walked one mile and then I walked nine more so I have walked ten 117: now you walked twenty Interviewer: #1 twenty what # 117: #2 miles # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: okay and if you wanted to know the dis- the length of this room you'd get a ruler and do what 117: I'd measure it Interviewer: alright and if you wanted to if someone wanted to know um about your doing something and you'd say I don't know I wanted to do that I don't know if I wanted to do that or I don't know whether I wanted to that 117: I don't know whether I'm going to do that or not Interviewer: okay um now would you say I had a choice of doing two things and I did this doing that say I did this instead of or in place of doing that 117: I did number one rather than number two Interviewer: okay 117: I'd use rather in there Interviewer: alright um but how about you'd say if you were taking someone's place might you I ca- I went instead of him? going or I went instead do you ever use instead in any circumstances 117: well I could say I went instead of he Interviewer: alright says uh why do you like him why do you like that man you'd say I like him blank he's so funny I like him 117: you don't want want me ask you why I like him #1 {D: but he asked him} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 117: I like him instead of his folks Interviewer: hmm 117: now if you can get a better one than that Interviewer: #1 okay # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: now I was gonna getting at okay but I was thinking here I like him cause he's so funny or because he's so funny 117: I like him because I can't resist him #1 now that is how I like people # Interviewer: #2 oh # okay but how about the term do you remember the uh the negroes on your farm using the expression cause 117: what Interviewer: I like him cause he's so funny using cause instead of #1 because # 117: #2 yeah # I I I've I've I was familiar with on on that kind of stuff Interviewer: mm-hmm um would you say it seems like he's always late or it seems as if he's always late 117: he seems as if he's always late Interviewer: alright and on Sunday people uh frequently go where 117: hmm? Interviewer: where do people frequently go on Sunday? 117: people frequently go to church they shouldn't Interviewer: okay and um the um the minister preached a good what 117: sermon Interviewer: alright some people moved in from another town and so then they went down and what the church 117: the what {X} Interviewer: yeah and they'd to become members you'd say they did what #1 they did what # 117: #2 they'd # come in and join this #1 church # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # alright and the name of the supreme being is what 117: is God Interviewer: alright and the organ plays what 117: hmm? Interviewer: what does an organ play an organ the organ played a hymn and hymn is a kind of what #1 what kind of a com- # 117: #2 {X} # a lot of Interviewer: #1 composition # 117: #2 {D: hymns is} # Interviewer: well um 'em wha- I you'd say it uh uh the organ plays the the noise that comes out of an organ you wouldn't just call it noise you'd call it what more than just noise 117: it's a melody organ plays you ca- you Interviewer: #1 yeah a melody # 117: #2 get a melody but # Interviewer: or music 117: well yeah Interviewer: what 117: so a hymn could be ah you're getting me you're getting me confused Interviewer: #1 no oh yeah # 117: #2 well now you're # I I {D: told melodies you could} {D: ask more questions he does it his jewel roll you really do ask too} Interviewer: okay well I the word I was after there was music 117: huh Interviewer: music music? 117: oh it plays music Interviewer: #1 sure # 117: #2 thought about it # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: what if there was an old house in the neighborhood that children were afraid of what would they call that house 117: it'd be a haunted #1 house # Interviewer: #2 what's # supposed to be in there? 117: a ghost Interviewer: alright #1 a- # 117: #2 they called it # spirits Interviewer: okay and the uh uh the um the proprietor of hell what's he called? 117: the devil Interviewer: okay and you say I think I'll put on a coat today because it's what chilly 117: hmm? Interviewer: would you say it's kind of chilly it's sort of chilly or it's rather chilly? 117: I'd say it's rather chilly Interviewer: alright and um if a person is very uh careful with his money and he doesn't like to part with his money people might say he's #1 he # 117: #2 stingy # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: okay and if something um um let's see the the usual greeting on December twenty-fifth 117: merry Christmas Interviewer: and on January first 117: happy new year Interviewer: alright and if uh something's thrown in with a purchase or given when a bill is paid 117: I don't know that's his token of his #1 appreciation # Interviewer: #2 o- # 117: #1 {D: I don't get you though} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # that's okay how about a place where a car is parked if uh a covering that you something you put in uh a room you or it's it's kind of uh a shelter for an automobile 117: what's that? Interviewer: a shelter for an automobile 117: garage? Interviewer: alright and these are little things that you sometimes eat with rice they're kind of pink and they have to be shelled they're kind they kind of curl up when they're boiled sometimes have them creole no it's a seafood 117: I don't know what you're talking about Interviewer: I'm talking about the shrimp 117: oh lord I don't eat those I'm not a shrimp eater Interviewer: okay- okay um do you know the name of the most popular kind of chocolate bar 117: no I do not Interviewer: uh they they the they when you think of chocolate in this country who makes the most of it 117: they used to have a Babe Ruth or something they used #1 to have something involved but I've been # Interviewer: #2 alright yeah # I was thinking of Hershey 117: huh Interviewer: was thinking of Hershey 117: Hershey bars #1 yes yes # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # say I think I'm gonna I'm gonna go downtown and do some um I have to go downtown tomorrow and and buy some things say I'm going downtown to do some what? 117: shopping Interviewer: alright and you go to the store and buy something and they and the man in the store will take the package and 117: wrap it up Interviewer: and then you take it home and you 117: use it Interviewer: and you before you use it you have to 117: unwrap it Interviewer: right and he didn't make any money on that product that he sold in fact he had to sell it how he didn't make any money on that he bought something and then he had to sell it and he had to sell it he didn't make a profit at all he had to sell it 117: at a loss? Interviewer: right and if um uh you uh if say I was gonna buy that but it what too much I was going to buy this thing but I couldn't because it it what too much 117: well it cost too much that's a common #1 experience for me # Interviewer: #2 su- # okay and on the first of the month the bill is what 117: hmm? Interviewer: the bill 117: was due Interviewer: alright and if you belong to a club you have to pay your 117: eh what? Interviewer: you belong to a club if you belong to a club you have to 117: pay your dues Interviewer: alright and if you don't have enough money you might have to go to the bank and 117: borrow it Interviewer: alright and during the thirties money was awfully 117: hard to get Interviewer: alright and now was there another word for that 117: scarce Interviewer: sure okay and to um to dive in the water and land on your stomach do you know what that's called? 117: what's that? Interviewer: diving in the water and landing on your stomach 117: no I don't know it Interviewer: alright how about a little kid gets down on the floor and turns over like that say what he's doing he's turning a 117: flip? Interviewer: alright and if uh if soil is very productive you might say it's what 117: #1 fertile soil # Interviewer: #2 kind of # alright and if a little child is making a lot of noise you might tell him to 117: shut up Interviewer: or hush would you ever use 117: hmm? Interviewer: another way you might say that other than shut up 117: #1 that's not that's that's # Interviewer: #2 might sound uh # 117: not as effective as as as shut up Interviewer: yeah I was thinking of hush though would you ever use that we're about finished 117: huh Interviewer: I said we're about finished there's just a few more here if #1 we could there's just a # 117: #2 no go ahead let's uh # let's r- ran 'em out Interviewer: okay but what might you say besides uh shut up to a child 117: well you said hush Interviewer: alright 117: be quiet Interviewer: alright and uh uh kids go down to the river or down to the lake and they go for a what 117: swim Interviewer: alright and yesterday they what across the river 117: they swam Interviewer: #1 alright many # 117: #2 across the river # Interviewer: times they have across the river 117: many times they have swum across the Interviewer: #1 okay # 117: #2 river # Interviewer: and uh they get up on a rock and they what into the water 117: they dive #1 into the water # Interviewer: #2 and okay # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and many times they have 117: dived they have dived #1 many times they have dived # Interviewer: #2 o- okay # 117: {D: well I see those} those words that what you're working on Interviewer: that right now yeah there's just a few of those um well now if a if a boy goes down for the third time you might say he did what he 117: he's gonna drown that's what this Interviewer: #1 alright # 117: #2 {D: say} # Interviewer: and yesterday he did yesterday take did off but you would say uh today he drowns yesterday he another boy in the same place 117: another boy drowned in the same place Interviewer: yeah in fact three people this summer have 117: drowned if that's Interviewer: right and a per- uh a girl goes into church and gets down on her knees you'd say she did what she what down 117: knelt to pray Interviewer: alright and say I'm really tired I think I'll what down for a while I think I'll 117: I think I'll go and I think I'll lay back here Interviewer: alright um and or would you say I'll lay down for a while or I'll lie down for a while 117: I think I'll lay down and lie too Interviewer: okay and he what in bed all day 117: huh Interviewer: he what in bed all day he just he didn't get up he just 117: he lolled along the bed #1 all day # Interviewer: #2 yeah # you might say loll but a form of lie or lay there say he lay in bed all day or he lied in bed all day 117: you you're getting you're splitting hairs now Interviewer: okay I just wondered which you'd use you know if you were gonna use the term 117: you're splitting hairs on me I wouldn't know what Interviewer: alright um yeah if you um ideas were going through your mind you know while you were asleep you'd say uh he had a dream last say did you have a dream last night he'd say oh yes I what all night long I 117: I dreamed Interviewer: #1 yeah # 117: #2 I stepped # in marble #1 halls # Interviewer: #2 okay # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and I what early this morning up early this morning #1 you're asleep and you open # 117: #2 um and I waked # early Interviewer: alright again please 117: hmm Interviewer: say that again 117: I waked early this #1 morning # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh to do this on the floor is to 117: stomp on the #1 floor # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and after a dance a boy might say to a girl may I what you home 117: may I escort you home Interviewer: alright and you get on a rope and you get on a rope and you give it a 117: a pull Interviewer: #1 you get behind some # 117: #2 or tug or # something Interviewer: and you get behind something that's stuck and you give that a 117: a push Interviewer: alright and you have a heavy suitcase that you have to get up stairs and you'd say I what it upstairs I you know I you 117: #1 I don't know unless you tote it # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # okay that's fine and a little child running around getting into all kinds of things and you say don't what that don't you'll hurt you'll burn yourself don't 117: don't meddle #1 so much # Interviewer: #2 yeah and don't # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # quit putting your hand on it you know don't well what am I doing to this table right now I'm 117: {D: don't if I know} Interviewer: just touching it 117: touch don't touch it #1 oh yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 sure yeah # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and if you wanted a knife from another room uh you wanted someone to bring you you know to get a knife from the other room you might say please what me a knife 117: #1 please bring me that uh knife # Interviewer: #2 ple- sure # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and you throw a ball up in the air and you try to 117: #1 catch it # Interviewer: #2 and then # you might ask the question who 117: tossed the ball Interviewer: and then who 117: who caught the ball Interviewer: right and uh if someone's in a big hurry say take your time I'll what I'll I'll would you say I'll wait say I'll wait on you or I'll wait for you 117: take your time I'll wait on you I'll wait on you #1 I'll # Interviewer: #2 oh # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # okay 117: I'll wait for {D: it's just a little over what them argument} that question itself don't really give you a clear Interviewer: no 117: you don't give me a clear what I'm asked Interviewer: yeah well that if you wait I'll wait wait on you uh meaning ah 117: I'll wait on his motion or if if it's something I wanna do I'll wait for him Interviewer: I see I th- well then that's since you'd use um I'll wait for you if a um if a child has been um has been bad you know and you're going to spank him uh the child might plead with you please please 117: I'll be good Interviewer: give give me what 117: huh? Interviewer: give me 117: #1 give me another chance I'll be good # Interviewer: #2 me right # okay and if uh a person you might say a person's in good spirits or you might say he's in good 117: {D: luck} Interviewer: well I mean a good natured person you know you'd say he's in good you might say he's in good 117: easygoing fellow Interviewer: yeah would you ever use good humor he's in good humor 117: yeah Interviewer: what's that 117: huh? Interviewer: just say that 117: he's a good humored soul? Interviewer: mm-hmm you'd say we had to get some some poison because we wanted to get what of those bugs 117: gonna get shed of 'em #1 or get rid # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: of 'em either one Interviewer: a little boy in school might say he his pencil's missing and he thin- he thinks someone took it 117: #1 somebody took my pencil # Interviewer: #2 a- # alright uh how about stole or swiped or something like that 117: how's that? Interviewer: how about stole or swiped 117: somebody swiped it yeah Interviewer: alright and it um if uh you wanted to k- uh get in touch with a friend you might what him a letter you might 117: write him a letter Interviewer: yeah and just yesterday I 117: writ Interviewer: alright and I must have four letters last month I must have I must have what four letters to him last month 117: #1 I must have written four letters to him # Interviewer: #2 I yeah # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and now I expect 117: an answer Interviewer: right and you put your name and what on the on the envelope 117: return address Interviewer: yeah your uh yeah and so if you're talking about twenty-five east uh okay okay um if a child comes home doing something very strange you might say to him who on earth you that who on earth yeah you wanted to know a child comes home from school and is doing something very strange and the mother might say to the child who on earth you that 117: who on earth taught you #1 that # Interviewer: #2 sure # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh and how about children's nicknames for a person who tattles or tells tales 117: uh busybody or {D: tale teller} Interviewer: alright and out in your garden you might grow some since you have a a show garden rather than an eating garden 117: I grew some some lilies and daffodils #1 and # Interviewer: #2 and those are different # kinds of what 117: flowers Interviewer: alright and if you went out there and you were going to get some and put it in a vase you'd say I'm gonna go out and what some flowers 117: and cut some #1 flowers # Interviewer: #2 alright # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and a child's plaything is is called what 117: a toy Interviewer: alright and talking about um we talked about before the word give you know about giving an apple and so forth they talk about um say we uh we give to the Red Cross every year and say last year we to some other charities as well we 117: we gave Interviewer: and we have to more charities than I can remember we have 117: given? Interviewer: sure now um right now we begin something yesterday we 117: begun Interviewer: alright and and we have we have 117: begun Interviewer: yeah and then uh the children uh always come when they are called uh the relatives yesterday 117: the relatives came #1 yesterday # Interviewer: #2 yeah # and they have what to visit us they have 117: #1 I don't get what you want # Interviewer: #2 with the word # come here #1 they they have # 117: #2 huh # Interviewer: well would you say they have they have they have came to visit or they have come to visit us 117: they have come to visit us Interviewer: okay and now talking about now um you say we can see we can see what will happen you that happen before you 117: came Interviewer: did you see that you say yes I did you see that happen you say yes I 117: I saw it Interviewer: yeah I have that picture before I have 117: I have seen it Interviewer: sure and we had to take a detour around town because the road was all by construction workers the road was all 117: torn up? Interviewer: yeah and uh someone gave uh uh a girl a bracelet and he gives her a bracelet and she thanks him for it and then he tells her go ahead and 117: put it on Interviewer: right #1 and # 117: #2 wear it # Interviewer: right um um talki- say um we do that all the time he what his homework last night he 117: say he wasn't at home Interviewer: yeah his homework say did he do his homework and you'd say yes he d- every night he 117: he does it I #1 guess I don't know # Interviewer: #2 okay # someone says what's new and you'd say what's new and you'd say 117: nothing new #1 you know there's # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 117: nothing new Interviewer: somebody says oh come now there must be new 117: well that's w- that's when I ask well what's the news Interviewer: ah okay yeah and then he'd say nothing's new but then someone might reply to that and say oh come now there must be new there must be 117: some news Interviewer: sure and uh say I think I'll go out because it's what a nice day today it's 117: what'd you say? Interviewer: well uh it's a nice day you know we're talking about it being a nice 117: #1 it is a nice day # Interviewer: #2 day may you might # day it's a very nice day or you might say it's such a nice day {C: lots of distortion starts here and continues the rest of the reel} someone says how long have you lived here how long have you lived in Coweta County you say well I've what lived here I've 117: #1 lived here my entire life that's what I would say answer # Interviewer: #2 lived here oh yeah # but if something is for all time you know you'd say well I've lived here how often do you do that say well I giblets I always do that and well how many say you moved into this house uh what year did you move into this house when when did you move into this house? 117: #1 you mean when I mean you're asking me if a question when I came here oh about # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah yeah yeah # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 117: #1 {D: three years ago I was live here} # Interviewer: #2 okay # so you'd say how long have you lived in this house and you'd say well I've lived here ever what nineteen sixty-seven #1 let's say yeah you'd say I've lived here ever # 117: #2 But that's when I think I come in. # Interviewer: #1 # 117: #2 # Interviewer: I've lived 117: been here since Interviewer: right 117: nineteen sixty-seven Interviewer: alright someone says that was no accident someone's talking about something happening you say well that was no accident he did that 117: #1 on purpose # Interviewer: #2 right # 117: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and then um if you were if you were wa- you want to know the answer to something you'd say I'm gonna have to what him a question I'm going #1 to have to yeah and # 117: #2 ask him a question # Interviewer: so yesterday I 117: I asked him yeah Interviewer: okay uh now uh do those boys fight much and you say well when they were younger they every day #1 they alright # 117: #2 they fit every day yeah # Interviewer: and they have everyone in the neighborhood they have 117: have done what Interviewer: they have 117: fought? Interviewer: yeah um uh and he stuck a knife in a pig and then he what it out he 117: so he stabbed a pig Interviewer: yeah 117: and then he what? Interviewer: and then what he took the knife and would you say he drew it out or he drawed it out 117: he I hope he drew it out I hope he didn't do what I did Interviewer: okay what did you do 117: huh? Interviewer: what did you do? 117: I stuck my knife in a rabbit's head way back y'all when they said that head had rabbit fever around it and I was took him by knocking his head and stepped on #1 {D: and} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 117: shoved the knife in the head and then took my foot off and he went running off down the road with my knife Interviewer: oh is that right well that's it now so we'll Interviewer: Okay will you give me your full name first? 165: {B} Interviewer: Alright now you told me that your husband's first name was {B} was that right? It just happened to be that his first name sounds like {B} uh huh and did you name any of your children named Chloe? 165: No ma'am That one that is named His middle name is Interviewer: And you said you were born where? 165: South Carolina Interviewer: How far from here? 165: About two mile and a half Right there to the {D: experiment} station. Interviewer: Oh that's right 165: On the tunnel right there Right where the housing was.` Interviewer: Well does somebody in your family still work out there? 165: My grandchild works out there now. Interviewer: Hmm I talked to Mr Maltz out there and he said oh yes 165: I have a grandson out there. I had a daughter lived out there for about eight of nine years, ain't been long moved to town. Interviewer: Okay and um And uh You're a, your parents uh grew up uh 165: In Sumter County {X} The county that- {D: What they call the name of their} {X} Can't think of any. Before they brought the planes here {X} The town over there Interviewer: Well about how far 165: Uh about two miles about three or two miles and a half where my mother grew up at. My father grew up down in here. {X} They had nine children Interviewer: And you were the 165: I was the Uh to the last. Interviewer: Right 165: {D; Let's see I was} I was the sixth one. Interviewer: And your um your mother's name before she she got married was 165: {B} Interviewer: Okay. 165: We lived in a four room house Three bedroom and a kitchen Interviewer: Okay And that was uh out there on the experiment station. 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Okay. 165: The house was built for my daddy. Interviewer: Is that right? 165: And my, my oldest Brother lived there forty years before he moved. He married he stayed on there. Interviewer: Is the house still out there? 165: Oh they tore up all the old houses since the experiment. There was a lot of farmhouses out there. Interviewer: Okay well the house was just a square then? Just about like this? 165: Yes and one big one great big two really big rooms yeah. Three in two or three beds in a room Interviewer: Sure. 165: The kitchen was kitchen and just hold a table and a stove {X} Stove and a table {X} Interviewer: Okay where was the Was the porch across the front? 165: Yes the porch was on the front. Interviewer: And uh How did you heat back then? 165: Wood. Interviewer: Okay with the stove or in the fireplace? 165: Both the stove and fireplace My father would cut wood at this time uh in this {X} cut, turning up the land. And they just kept big piles of wood Cows and hogs barn out there. Interviewer: Now which way was the barn now? 165: It was that way from the house Interviewer: Right here? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Okay and how did you go back there? Was there some sort of little um To go from the house to the barn? 165: My mama had a big yard she had a big old yard and she kept it clean. Interviewer: That's when you swept everything off? 165: Yes ma'am {X} garden built with {D: Shank} {X} you might, I think it was {X} they called them. Interviewer: Uh the garden? 165: Yes. Interviewer: What about the yard how was it in? 165: It was just a big yard with an oak tree we just all around Interviewer: Did it have a fence around it? 165: No ma'am. {X} put in place right on the corner Interviewer: Sure. 165: and there was a set of woods a patch of woods long {X} They clean that up and they got pear trees on the back of the woods that would have been there now. Interviewer: #1 And the fence was around the garden then # 165: #2 And I # Yes ma'am and we had potato heels in the garden with a {D: shelter} over there at five and six peel the potatoes Interviewer: Alright and you said it was covered? 165: It had a shelter over it {X} with heel fixed up. Interviewer: Oh that's where you stored the potatoes then? 165: Yes ma'am Interviewer: After you grew them you dug them and 165: Put them there And the smokehouse was out from the house there. Plenty of meat. They raise, my daddy raised plenty Hogs to kill, not to sell, just to kill. Interviewer: Sure. 165: And chickens and plants Interviewer: And where did the hogs uh where did he keep them? 165: They were back of the lot out there And then he had a horse. And horses, he had a lot fenced. A fence made around him for the horse. Interviewer: And what did you call where the hogs were? 165: They was back {X} lot back out there. Interviewer: And was that enclosed with a fence around? 165: Around the hogs yes. Interviewer: What kind of fence was that? 165: Made out of {X}. Interviewer: Is that just like the garden fence the paling fence? 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And how was that made with them sticking were they straight up? 165: Yes. Interviewer: And uh nailed on to another board? 165: Another board run all around. Interviewer: And in the intervals then you had something bigger in the ground? 165: Yeah a pole {X} You know it's poles just like you would for wire. But it's using paling. Interviewer: Okay and uh 165: We spring clean my momma spring clean Once a year just took everything out Interviewer: Out of the house. 165: hot sun and soap water high as she could, {X} the house down. My mama's was a clean house. Interviewer: {X} 165: Yes she was cause that keep the steps as clean as it did. Interviewer: And what did you use what kind of soap did you use? 165: Plenty of soap oxygen {D: word} soap Interviewer: Well not she didn't make it herself. 165: Yeah, from {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} soap # Interviewer: Is the kind you made outside? 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: What did you make it in? 165: A pot Interviewer: Yeah 165: A black pot Grease and uh potash and {D:oxygen} soap you dust old oh uh {NS} you just clean um you know {X} Interviewer: Lye maybe? 165: {X} powder and I'd use but a little of it like. And you have to use about a box or two to wash two or three loads now but you don't use we didn't use that many. Interviewer: Did you uh wash outside? 165: Yes ma'am Tub. Interviewer: Everyday- Every Monday? 165: Yes ma'am yes my momma washed every Monday {X} I wash every Monday too. Interviewer: Still? 165: Yes ma'am Interviewer: And on Tuesday you always- {NS} 165: {X} I don't do that now but that's what I was raised to do. Interviewer: Sure Okay and uh What about the water? How did you 165: Well we had a well. Good well of water. Interviewer: Out in the yard? 165: Yes ma'am drawed it. Interviewer: Out back out front where was it? 165: It in the back Interviewer: Back here? 165: Yes it was a {D: bold} well it wasn't a dug one a {D: bold but} When we had good water. Interviewer: And how did you get it up was it 165: Draw it. Interviewer: Pull it up on a rope? 165: No ma'am draw it. Interviewer: #1 You had to crank it # 165: #2 It had a...yes draw it # Interviewer: And what went down to get the water 165: Bucket. A bucket. A long bucket about that long. Interviewer: Made of what's that made out of? Some kind of metal or? 165: Yes. It had a {D: teekle} up there on the top. I got two or three {D: teekles} now {NW} Interviewer: What's that the thing that 165: #1 The rope # Interviewer: #2 rolled it? # 165: go around and pull it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You call that a teekle? 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: And you've still got it? 165: I got two. Interviewer: Yeah? Do you usually or use them? 165: No ma'am I just got 'em. Interviewer: You just got 'em? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Kinda like souvenirs? 165: Yeah people said that I was whole lotta folks say I like to reach look pick up old things. Cheaper like this it's cheaper than some things than buy one of 'em. Interviewer: Sure. Well Mr. Reese is uh is Harold Andrew's father the one that you worked for. 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: For how long would you say? 165: Forty-three years. Interviewer: And you did what? Just everything or just you were the cook? 165: Everything. Interviewer: {D: Everything}. 165: Uh huh everything. Around the last year I put down everything. But I cleaned- No I didn't I didn't have to up the beds never. She made up her bed. We cleaned the house once a week. And I done all the cooking. All they do is tell me what they want cooked. She had a cookbook for one of the recipes {D: you} I cooked by it and just {D: detour} they'd try to get me to tell them what I do. {X}. Interviewer: Then detoured? 165: Yes and teach it like I want a little bit get it better. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: And they often told me to tell them I'd tell them they'd say well I can't fix it like you. Well cause I don't- they say let her alone she ain't gonna tell you her secret. Interviewer: {NW} 165: #1 So you detoured # Interviewer: #2 Little bit # 165: Little little more or do a little less I can tell right there when I get it good they crazy about my cooking. Interviewer: They tell me you are a fine cook. I heard about Ruth's cooking long time before I ever {NW} 165: Any- Anything I wanna cook, anything when they were having company anything. They just tell me what to cook. Put it there after I was Interviewer: Sure. Well then {NW} did you still use a wood stove? 165: Well there I started with a wood stove. Yeah we made a wood stove there. {NS} Interviewer: But for time though later on they probably had a- 165: They had a la- uh an electric stove. Interviewer: Mm. 165: I used a wood stove there a long time. Range. Warmer to it. Interviewer: Oh and that was the, you had to bring water in from outside there too? 165: No. We had a spigot running there. Interviewer: Had a what? 165: Faucet- faucet. Interviewer: Yeah? 165: They called them spigots. {NW} Interviewer: What did you call it uh or what do you call it if it's outside and you turn it on like that? 165: Use it outside? Faucet. {X} Interviewer: Or a spigot. Okay. And where was the fireplace in this house? 165: In my old house? Just one fireplace all us arranged round one fireplace. And I don't know how we did it. Interviewer: Heated the whole house? #1 Well there was a stove? # 165: #2 Oh yeah. # {X} heated that and we just- Interviewer: Stayed close to that. 165: I reckon so. Interviewer: Was it on this side? 165: Yes it was on the side of the house. Interviewer: Okay like this? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And um, the smoke when up through the? 165: Went straight up. Interviewer: Through uh 165: Through the chimney. Interviewer: And um, what did you call this part in front of the fireplace you remember? 165: Mantle piece. Interviewer: Well wasn't that the part that was up here? 165: Yes. Interviewer: What about that part down on the floor? 165: Hearth. Interviewer: Okay. And uh those things that uh that uh were in there iron pieces that you pile the wood on? 165: {X}. Interviewer: Okay. 165: That's what we called them. Interviewer: And uh uh the big uh you remember uh a big round piece of wood maybe with the bark on it that you put in there and the fire would it was big and the fire would hold on it longer? 165: Yes. Interviewer: #1 What did you # 165: #2 I had that. # Interviewer: What did you call that? 165: Call it um log. Interviewer: Okay. And what about the how did you start the fire in the fireplace? 165: {D: Use flint or} fat lighter {D: flannel}. And they'll {D: carry} you had kerosene but we, you know, what in the lamp and we need that. Interviewer: Mm. 165: Started with {D: flannel}. {X} in the winter time find that they would hardly get out. {X} people put some, put 'em on them coals and take a facet from round there and there'll be two of them {D: on a shelve them} have 'em way outside there. Interviewer: Sure. Okay and what do you call that black stuff that forms in the chimney? 165: That's schmuck. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call this that I'm sitting in or you're sitting in? 165: We call it a chair. Interviewer: And that? 165: Call it um Interviewer: Is it a sofa? 165: I would have said settee. Interviewer: A long time ago but now you 165: #1 We call it a sofa. # Interviewer: #2 call it- # Okay. And what are the, back then uh did you have you told me all three of these were bedrooms. The one that had the fireplace in it were you more likely to call it something that meant it was the room where you stayed in most of the 165: #1 All the # Interviewer: #2 time? # 165: time we didn't have one {X] we had a front room for company to sleep in one of them rooms. But that bedroom there it was a big one it had two big beds in it and a small bed kind of up there in the fireplace and in it {X} was an old big {X}. You see they tore down all the houses like that over there. Lawns and everything be a new modern thing. Interviewer: Sure. Well um, up at uh at uh The Andrews' place where you worked uh did they have back uh when you first started working there a room like this? 165: Even when I first worked start working out there they had a living room. Interviewer: Is that what they called it back then? 165: Yes they called it a living room. Interviewer: I thought they might have been more likely to call it uh sitting room or parlor of something like that. What, which one? 165: Parlor. Interviewer: It was a parlor? Auxiliary: #1 Yes. A parlor # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh oh. # 165: Yeah you know a parlor. You could've called that #1 I told you I called that # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 165: a parlor, the parlor. Interviewer: My grandfa- father's house, it didn't have a living room. It had a parlor and okay what what furniture did they have in the bedroom as in besides the bed? Interviewer: Or in your house? 165: I had in bed {D: In our first thought} {D: they would, I thought they had on}. They didn't have all that um beds and um a rocking chair and I don't know what you call it I heard what they call that old crib. Big thing they put clothes in it didn't of course get through. Interviewer: Was it something built in? 165: No it was a big old wardrobe. Big old wardrobe. Interviewer: That was made out of wood? 165: Yes. Interviewer: And it could be moved around? 165: You want to move it but you could not move it {X} Interviewer: It was heavy. 165: Heavy wood. Interviewer: Okay. 165: Paint it dark. Interviewer: Yeah. What about something with a mirror over it? 165: They had a wash stand. And a bowl and pitcher. I have a bowl and pitcher in my own room now. Interviewer: Yeah? 165: It broke a little around the edges. Interviewer: Yeah well they were. 165: Pitcher. Interviewer: {X}. 165: Yeah they {X} on the wash. Everybody washed their face and hands on that wash stand. Put the towel across it. Interviewer: The back of it. 165: Yes we had a blue strip cross and then a glass a wash stand in there. Interviewer: Sure. Okay and all the things you had in the house the beds and chairs and everything you called that the? Or you call it now all the? All the different things the beds {X} would say that just a lot of all- Or somebody goes and buys things you say well they bought a lot of new? 165: Oh they call it antiques now. Interviewer: Yeah but what if they go to the store downtown, you know or if they're getting ready to move then I say well a truck's coming to get all my? The bed the chairs the dressers the tables all that stuff and you call it the household uh 165: Furniture. Interviewer: Okay how's that? 165: Household furniture yeah. Interviewer: Okay. You ever hear it called plunder? 165: No. Interviewer: No you never heard it called plunder? Okay and what would you have made that pulled up and down to keep the light out of the windows? 165: Shades. Blue shades. And yellow ones. Interviewer: Yeah? And but this kind like this that you pull back you call? Do you call them shades too? 165: No them curtains. Interviewer: Okay. And uh did this house have anything built in to keep the- your clothes in? 165: No it didn't. Interviewer: How did you uh keep them? 165: Hang 'em outside the house. Interviewer: Uh huh on what? 165: Nails. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about a little room at the top of the house just under the roof? Was there some space up there? 165: No not in that one. Interviewer: Yeah what about in the Andrews' house? You remember this little storage space up there where you put old things? 165: Attic they called it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh to get up there you had to go up- Did that that house had uh had two stories had uh 165: Had uh that room there. We moved down to his sister's house and lived there he had a two story house. Interviewer: Okay. 165: It was old. Interviewer: And um what about uh to go from the downstairs to the second floor you'd go up the... 165: Stairs yeah. Interviewer: Okay and uh what about the little room off the kitchen where you uh you stored canned goods extra dishes that sorta thing? 165: That that that that is uh Logan's house had it but he didn't they didn't have that up to where we lived. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What did they call what did they call it? 165: They call it where they put the dishes at. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what would you call {NS} uh old worthless furniture maybe things that you think well maybe you ought to throw away but uh you still have around just uh- Maybe furniture or maybe uh farm tools something you might store outside somewhere? You say I ought to get rid of that stuff that's a lot of old? 165: {X} just showed up, a lot of old stuff like that. Interviewer: Would you call it uh trash or junk or 165: We call it junk. Interviewer: Okay and where would you uh what would you call a room that maybe you just that sort of stuff in? 165: Called it we called it where we keep the junk at. Interviewer: Okay. And every morning after you get up and have breakfast you have to go around and you know uh clean uh straighten up everything how do you say you're going to do that or you have to do that I've got to go... 165: Well when uh they get to, when they got to eat breakfast and I did that I'd give them the breakfast on the table I'd go and get the {D: coffee}. And I came back in and stand and I'd eat and get the dishes and clean them out. They had a big dog they'd feed the dog. And I wash the dishes And that time it'd be time for me to be getting ready for for dinner. Dinner went down up there at {D: the desk}. Get them ready for dinner. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call it if uh after you had breakfast you have to go through the process of making up the beds Or going over the floor, you say well I've got to? Maybe you've had company or the children have been playing and everything's gotten {X}, you say well I've got to? 165: Where we had to pick up behind them all the time. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you have a word that meant doing all of that sort of thing, making up the beds? {NS} 165: In them days in time I could just do it if wasn't much to do Well I didn't call it nothing, I Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 I'd soon # go through with that, done, {D: getting up the} thing. Interviewer: Okay. 165: It was Virginia's thing I timed the washing cause that was mine {X}. Interviewer: {X} She was your favorite? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Is that is she the youngest? 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Is there uh 165: There's nine. Oh I liked them all But I'd always do everything she wanted me to do for her. Dye their clothes or Interviewer: What their clothes? 165: Dye 'em {X} they want dyed. Interviewer: Yeah? How did you do that? 165: On the floor uh Interviewer: Did you stir it? 165: No put on, let it get hot and put the dye in there and Boil so many minutes take it out put a handful of salt in there and put it back in there before it can stain. Interviewer: Salt? 165: Yes. Interviewer: What did that do? 165: I reckon that Salinity keep it from running and everything Then rinsed it till it was clean. Interviewer: Okay. 165: Washed clothes if they didn't could hang out hang it on the seat of a chair, lay it on a chair for 'em. On paper. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what did you use to sweep with? 165: Straw brooms with bell bottoms Straw brooms every year. {NW} It'd be good ones. Interviewer: Yeah? 165: She has stick brooms but she get straw broom. Interviewer: Oh a stick broom? What is it now, a stick broom is the kind that just has the handle 165: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 right? # The straw broom was all of 165: straw. Interviewer: All in 165: straw yes. We go under the bed and everywhere. Interviewer: Well you had to bend over to do that one more didn't you? 165: Not with them big long straw brooms. In them times you didn't have rugs on the floor. Interviewer: Okay. If the door is open and you don't want it that way you might tell someone to 165: Close the door. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call a If a house is made of wood Now this one is made out of 165: blocks. Interviewer: Alright and up in the top part of it there's a little bit of wood 165: Yes well, wood Interviewer: And what about uh those houses made of wood that the boards sort of Lap over each other? 165: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. That's the kind we lived in Interviewer: What did you call that? Do you remember what they called that kind if board? 165: {X} board Interviewer: Okay. How was that? 165: {X} board outside {X} board. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If uh If you took uh your Y-You said that maybe you had clothes hanging up on the nails And if you were going to uh to do some carpentry you'd say I took the hammer and I? 165: Nailed Interviewer: Okay and uh Um do you uh you drive? Yourself or no? Who drives uh you? We saw a car out here is that? 165: Uh my daughter. Interviewer: And if You if you're going downtown you might say well my daughter's going to? 165: Drive. Interviewer: Okay and uh If if sh-she took you downtown yesterday you'd say well she? 165: Took me downtown. Interviewer: She? 165: Took me to town. Interviewer: Okay well uh What about using drive ever would you say yesterday she dri- everyday she drives me downtown yesterday she dr- 165: I'd say drove that's what Interviewer: #1 Okay # 165: #2 I'd say # Interviewer: And uh I-I like to to go for a ride if she knows I like to go to ride every day she has 165: {D: Pulled her weight}. Interviewer: Okay but if she's uh taking you driving in the car you might say Every day she has, for years she has? 165: She, she had {X}. Interviewer: Okay uh And what do you call the part that covers the house? {X} Outside? 165: Um The roof. The roof no the roof The roof of the house. Interviewer: Okay how's that? 165: The roof of the house. Interviewer: Okay. And uh What about the little thing the edge uh that carries the water off? 165: The eave. Interviewer: Okay. And what about a place up there where the maybe the house is in an L shape and there might do a place where the two uh roofs come together. What would you call that? Interviewer: Wait a minute the. 165: I forgot now what they call that. Interviewer: Would you, it might be valley? 165: Yeah valley yeah. The valley. Interviewer: What is that on? {NS} What about a little building that maybe was used to store wood? 165: Wood house. They would have a wood house. Interviewer: Okay and uh A place they might keep tools out on the farm? 165: We had a tool house. Interviewer: Okay would that ever be built on the side of the barn? 165: No that'd be out yonder from out the barn. Interviewer: Okay what about any other buildings Now you didn't have an indoors you didn't have a bathroom. 165: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 then. # What did you call it when it was built out back somewhere? 165: Out there, closet. Interviewer: The closet? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Yeah? More than the the outhouse or the Privy or? 165: Yeah there, some of them said out to the privy. Interviewer: But you all said out to the 165: #1 To the closet. # Interviewer: #2 closet. # Mm-hmm. Was that kind of a little nicer word maybe than than Privy or outhouse or toilet? 165: I ain't really sure. Interviewer: Uh huh. That was the one your mother maybe. 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: {X} are like these. Okay. If you have troubles and Auxiliary: {NS} Five Two Interviewer: Okay. Okay how would you say it like uh if uh if uh If somebody was telling you about everything sad, like they wanted sympathy or something like that And uh Things are hard for everybody and you want to talk about uh you know you, maybe you're going to say well Everybody has troubles, you might say well {NS} 165: I'd say well I'm sorry. Interviewer: Yeah? But you might say well uh {NS} I've got my problems too. 165: That's right. Interviewer: Well, how would you say it? 165: I'd say I have my problems. Interviewer: Okay. 165: Everybody has them. Interviewer: Everybody has 'em yeah, sure. And uh if there's some strange sound and you're asking somebody if if they heard it, how would you say that? What was that? Did you? 165: What's that? Did you hear it? Interviewer: Okay. And uh. During the night, you, there was something strange And you say last night At about 1 o'clock I 165: I heard them noise. Interviewer: Okay, and somebody might say, well you know Every night this week, I've 165: Heard the same noise. Interviewer: {NW} And if you know a person uh If I ask you if you know someone And you might say Uh no I don't know him but I've 165: Heard about him. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If uh um If a friend came back to town And another friend had been visiting with him Somebody might ask you Have you seen him yet? You might say no, I? 165: I haven't seen him. Interviewer: And uh They might say, has you brother seen him yet? You might say no 165: No, he ain't said nothing about it. Interviewer: Okay. He didn't s- uh and if uh something you do every day uh like maybe go for a walk, I'd say you go for a walk everyday you might 165: #1 Say yeah I # Interviewer: #2 say # 165: go everyday. Interviewer: Alright uh and uh Does your neighbor walk every day? 165: No. Interviewer: No she... 165: She don't walk every day. Interviewer: Okay And uh you might say um um Does your brother like ice cream? yes he? 165: Yeah he do. Interviewer: And uh You might smoke {X} well I don't smoke But he...? 165: Yeah I say yeah I smoke. Interviewer: Okay and he...? 165: He do too. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} and uh If, what about a man lets his farm get all run down, and seems to not care. You might say to someone who asks I really don't know but he just...? ...to care. 165: He just don't work or something. Interviewer: Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: And uh, um If you've been trying to make your mind up about something um, oh, you might say well I've been thinking Could you finish that? 165: I'd tell them I'm thinking bout it And I don't know yet. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if um Somebody uh um maybe one of the children or one of you neighbors or something does something that you don't like and you might uh uh wonder uh what makes them do that? How would you say, I don't...? 165: I'd say I don't out there like he ain't right. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, I don't know what...? 165: paling Interviewer: Mm-hmm. he's sick or something Okay. And uh What about if you have uh heard people talking about him? You might say uh well uh I don't know that he does that, but people...? 165: People just, they do more out than they do around home anyway. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say uh that uh you live in uh a block 165: House. Interviewer: And there are several other...? 165: Living {X} Brick houses Interviewer: Brick what? 165: Brick houses {NS} Interviewer: And uh what about a place where they kept corn? on the farm. 165: Outside in the crib. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words for a building where they kept different kinds of grain? Or a place for wheat. Did they have a separate building for that? 165: Yes um They done post right round here and raised them. The wheat and they raised oats. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Where would they put # 165: #2 stock # Interviewer: Where would they put the oats? 165: They put it in the barn. Interviewer: Okay. And uh What about the peanuts? Where did they store the peanuts? 165: Put 'em on a stack out in the field. And, now that's what they used to do long time ago and thrashed 'em When they got dry. I had to pick up peanuts for a five ton stack. Interviewer: How big was the stack? 165: uh about That high right there Big and about four about four from here {X} Room we put about fourteen rows to the stack And we'll set 'em on each side. Interviewer: Sure. How many, how long would it take you to g- to gather a stack? 165: I have put up, if a person a good worker can put up twenty stacks Put it up nice and right. Can put up twenty-six stacks a day when he be work he don't be play. Interviewer: {NW} 165: Well I had some boys and I knowed some young men could put up forty stacks a day but they be pulling more than running I have told them twenty-five {X} {X} on my shoulder. Pull forty don't pull for me now. They'd pull the {X} on the top Interviewer: Now, this is corn? 165: Yes ma'am. {X} from corn {X} Up in barns Then you have to tote it and it's hauling Stack it up half of the stock to eat what they could save and farm I don't know {X}. Interviewer: And if you told somebody you did that you'd say, well yesterday I...? twenty...? how would you say that? 165: Well yesterday we, I'd say we yesterday when we had to get get. You know they pull the {X} and let it stay two or three days and take Interviewer: #1 How did they pull it? # 165: #2 and hang. # Interviewer: Did they cut it off or 165: No. Cut it down the strip Put three or four barns #1 three or four- # Interviewer: #2 We took the leaves off it. # 165: Uh huh. Interviewer: Strip the leaves? 165: And tied them And when they dry Wanna go ahead and tie, put about six of them together and throw 'em over there on a line And that'll be a bum. One bum and then you take up when you Then it be something coming on the highway we be taking it up I put twenty five bum {X}. Interviewer: {NS} 165: These {X} card. Interviewer: Did that, that left, just left the stalk sticking up out in the the field? 165: Yes the stalk and the corn Interviewer: And um What happened to the stalks? 165: Nothing. They stay there until the corn got ready to pull. Interviewer: Oh, the ear was left on it. {NS} And then what did you call that very top stuff on the corn, that little 165: Uh that was, that's the {D: tassel}. Interviewer: Uh huh. and uh around the ear is the...? The leaves that are around the ear of corn that you have to pull off 165: #1 The shuck. # Interviewer: #2 those are? # And what about that little fine, thread-like stuff That's on the ear? 165: Silk. We called it silk. Interviewer: And uh Well that's interesting. That was the leaves then that were stripped off that way. uh were green. 165: Yes. Interviewer: And then they gathered that in for, uh, what did they call it, hay or fodder...? 165: Fodder. {X} that they get off the stalk they called it fodder. But then they didn't bother the shuck of the corn you know until they come and got. Interviewer: Right okay well then they came and picked the corn, what happened to that stalk That was left? 165: Oh well they cut that Tear that stalk cut and cut that stalk up. Interviewer: For feed or? 165: Stayed on the ground. Interviewer: Okay. And the top part of the barn where you put the things up there would be called a...? 165: Up in the north they'll put those {X} stuck up in the north. Interviewer: Okay and what about The, you said they didn't have much wheat around here, what about the uh the The oat uh business. How did they go about gathering that a long time ago? 165: They cut it And then threshed it. Interviewer: They cut it by, with a machine? 165: {X} they called it. But now you see these Cuts it in it and steer it. You thresh it go in the sack. {X} Interviewer: All at one time? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: And when they used to cut it with a binding machine it would go through? 165: Yessum Ground and they cut it. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And then what happened? 165: Get a {D: towel} Bundle 'em, throw it off, Pick 'em up. Interviewer: And you go through and get the bundles and do what? 165: If they, when they got really thresh 'em They thresh it you know {X} You need a lot of {X} in there and let it threshed it. Interviewer: And that separated the...? The seed... 165: #1 {X}, # Interviewer: #2 the other- # 165: And then in the straw. Interviewer: And what did they do with the straw? 165: We made ticks out of the straw, you can go get it and make You know, put the straw ticks and, on the bed Interviewer: Sure. Did they pile up out in the field or anything or 165: Oh it'll be out there. You can go out there and get it you know. The wind had scattered it about. Interviewer: {X}. 165: Because when they got the Oat off of it There's nothing more wheat that much sometimes. Interviewer: There's no leaves or anything? 165: Nothing to {X} You know, move around in there but it wasn't even much. Interviewer: And uh you made a The ticks out of it did you put in on the beds and always you put on top of it you usually had a? 165: A cotton {D: tin} a make up cotton tin you know. Cotton, get cotton from the gin And uh made it up. Interviewer: Uh you did that more than uh than the kind with feathers? 165: Uh well there was a lot of folks that like didn't have feathers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: My mama didn't like them. {X} have a stroke to get the {X}. Interviewer: Yeah? 165: And a cotton tick don't. They go to the gin, I don't know what kinda cotton there really was Cotton that they Refused to go into the pail {X}. Interviewer: Sure. 165: And smack the side of it. Interviewer: Okay. And um if um {NS} What other kind of hay did they have around here? What, uh to feed the cattle? 165: Hay. Grass grow, we had made hay ticks too. Interviewer: yeah? And uh if uh Did they cut that down and {X} did store that in the barn to feeds the cattle in the winter? Yes ma'am well a big field of hay Gr-Grass come up good and they cut it down and bale it. And did they ever pile that out in the field? Bale it in a baler Like they used to bale peanuts. uh huh. They didn't rake it up and pile out it in the field that much? Not in stacks? 165: Just baled it. Interviewer: Okay. 165: Was wild. Interviewer: Okay and uh What about the uh, a place that you kept horses? 165: When my daddy kept his horse he had a Stall for him to stay in and eat in And he had a lot for him to run around nice big as This yard out back. Interviewer: Okay. 165: Wanted to come out and run around Interviewer: And um Where were the cows milked? 165: She had a stall too. Interviewer: In-in the summer, maybe it was real hot, did they ever milk her outside? 165: I milked her outside. Interviewer: You didn't have a special place to do that? 165: Well they had one that kicked or something like that They had they put in a They called it um {X} Make it driveway and put a bowl behind and she couldn't kick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear it called a milk gap or a milk pen, or a cow pen, or a cow gap or anything? Okay um And the hogs would be in a...? What'd you say? 165: They'd be in a pen. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Uh, a kind of farm or a type of farm that just had cows, what would you call that? 165: They call that a cow farm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and what about, where did people keep the milk and butter before they had refrigeration? 165: On the tables in cool places. Interviewer: What about a stream or something outside? 165: Some people had little streams outside there where they could put it. Interviewer: But you all just kept it in somewhere in the...? 165: When I was, mama's kitchen had a Window {X} You know these generic screens {X} cool air would come in. Interviewer: Uh huh. Okay uh Well what about the The place where you stored the you produce in the winter you said uh You had a shed like out in the garden built into the hills and put potatoes in and put other vegetables down like that? 165: Yes ma'am, rutabagas and things like that. {X} the white potatoes put them under the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: And I've tried this but just spread 'em out under the house. Interviewer: And they didn't have to put dirt over them? 165: No they just throw them out under the house. Interviewer: They wouldn't freeze under that? 165: No we {X}. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Uh h-have you heard of dairy? Did you have? 165: No not at that time. My daddy- I didn't have dairy but {B} always had cows. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: It's a farm. You know you had a good milk cow to have. Interviewer: And uh how did, did he use that word? 165: {B} Interviewer: Did they use that word? 165: Milk cow? Interviewer: No, dairy. 165: No. Interviewer: There's a newer word for 165: {X}. Interviewer: Okay. And um And the cows and uh hogs And so forth when they went out to graze, where would you say they went out to the? 165: Pasture. {NS} Interviewer: House? 165: Out in the pasture. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh Did uh did they have any sheep around then? 165: No. {NS} Interviewer: Um and what What did uh did you say you had to do to the cotton when it was little, you had to go out and. to get the weeds and stuff out of it. 165: Chop cotton. {X} Bunched it. Interviewer: Bunched it? What was bunching it? 165: Getting the gray sheen out. Interviewer: Oh. 165: {X}. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: {X} I used to want a cotton picker. I hate to pick them out and my daddy made six to seven pound bales of cotton. Right over yonder over there. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: But I, now I had one brother Would hold hands to help pick cotton in January. Interviewer: That way? 165: Yes ma'am. {X}. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: {X} People over here in town, picking cotton. {NS} Interviewer: But uh that was to, to what? What- where was that farm now, that out 165: Turns out down {B} farm where we- I ain't ever lived nowhere but from there. Interviewer: Right. 165: I lived over there. Interviewer: Okay. 165: And married and stayed up there. With my husband, then folks, my mother-in-law, cooking for {D: McDonald's} And I stayed in the little old household over there on the side. About seven years {X}. Interviewer: Well then your, Your father and your husband worked for the experiment station. 165: It wasn't experiment. My husband didn't. He didn't. Interviewer: Uh your, your 165: My father went to doctor Sam and {X} But back with doctor {X} {X} Sons took it over after he died. Interviewer: Okay. And uh What were, what were the things that you had to worry about trying to get rid of out in the cotton? 165: Grit. {NS} Sand {D: spitter}. {NS} Interviewer: That was the worst one? 165: Yeah worst time. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh were there any other weeds that you remember? 165: Sometimes {X} would come up. Interviewer: {X}? 165: {X}. Interviewer: What would that, what did that one look like? {NS} 165: Just got a lot of leaves about that big. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 165: You have six sometimes go {X} {NS} {D: eat bunches of grass} {NS} cotton and {NS} Knock it you know so that the ground would be great to pick cotton and great to grow wheat. Folks who make cotton go a full week just to come around. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 165: That's right. Interviewer: Do you remember when the {X}? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Sure that was when, back in the Was that in the twenties? That was early thirties right? 165: Uh yes. I was um I don't know when the Titanic sunk. Interviewer: Uh 1912 or thirteen. 165: 1912, you know what I was doing then? Interviewer: What? 165: Replanting corn. Interviewer: And you heard that? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: That soon. 165: Yes {X} {NS} Right away. {NS} {X} Interviewer: Well did you all- 165: Fourteen day radio Interviewer: Did you hear about it uh from the radio or from the newspaper? How did that get around? 165: {X}. Interviewer: How? 165: Newspaper. Interviewer: Okay. 165: I don't think we had a radio then. Interviewer: Well uh, what did you uh- uh talking about the cotton, you said well that's a big 165: Field of cotton. Interviewer: Mm. 165: White. Oh. One side. Interviewer: Right and if it were not quite that big you might say well that's just a little. 165: {X}. {NS} Interviewer: And what kind of fences would you have around the fields and patches, you say just {D: paving} fences around the garden? 165: No {X}. Interviewer: Just didn't have the fence when they didn't have the ? 165: Fenced no cotton. Peanut {D: like they won't fence} Unless some- somebody want to {D: turn their hogs in and they change up to peanut patch.} Interviewer: Okay, what kind of fence would they put around then? 165: Wire. Interviewer: Okay. What about that kind that has a little sharp thing and one single wire above the other? 165: Barbed wire. Interviewer: Okay and uh did you ever see those old-fashioned Did y'all ever have around here those fences that were sticks of wood like this that? 165: No. Interviewer: You know what I'm talking 165: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 about? # Uh what did they call, you remember what they call those? 165: No not really. Interviewer: Uh apparently some places they said rail fences or {X} fences, you just didn't have around then. Okay. And uh what about did you ever have uh any sort of fence made by picking up loose rock and stacking them up the {X}? 165: No. Interviewer: Wasn't that much rock around here was there. 165: No. Interviewer: Okay what about They have chickens? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh where did the chickens stay? 165: They stayed in the hen house. Interviewer: And if you go ahead 165: Come on out in the, get out in the morning in the yard. {X}. Interviewer: And if you wanted the hens to start laying Uh do you remember that they used to put something in her nest to try to fool her into thinking there was already an egg 165: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 there? # What'd they call that? 165: Uh {NS} Called it a new, put a call in a nest egg, that's what it was, #1 a nest egg. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And what was it made out of, more like? 165: Glass. Interviewer: And what do you call um Your best dishes? You might say well these are not my everyday things, these dishes are made out of. 165: They say china. Interviewer: Okay. 165: My daddy would {X} Interviewer: Right and uh What uh did you ever ever have a- a- one of those eggs to fool the hens made out of that? 165: No we just, it was something glass like shine uh You know we used to beat up take a plate and beat up. Beat that up and throw it out and let the chickens Get that to them and it'll make them lay. Interviewer: Oh let them eat it? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah? Okay and uh And you said that the bucket thing that went down in the well was kinda long, what like a couple of feet long? 165: It was about that big arou- and, now in a boat where a ship boat where it'd be about like that. This thing be a little bit about that big. Interviewer: About eight, six or eight inches wide? 165: And about that long. Interviewer: Oh about three or four feet long. 165: Yes and it holds a good bucketful. Interviewer: Okay. 165: But now that dug, dug together {X} You could look on in there and see the wall you know. And you can put them Interviewer: Okay did you ever see them with a bucket made out of wood? No? 165: No. We didn't have that on our old days. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever call a bucket a pail? 165: Yeah sometime. Interviewer: What was it when it was a pail, how would it? 165: It was a {D: Good galvanized uh} Interviewer: And would it have to do with the size of it really? Did he call it a pail, was it smaller or larger? 165: No maybe like a water bucket or pail. Interviewer: Okay. And what about the container that you use to carry food to the pigs, what would you call that? 165: Slop bucket. Interviewer: And uh What did Did you then or do you now fry eggs in? 165: Do I do it now? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: Fry eggs in now. {X} Interviewer: I mean the container that y- 165: Oh. Frying pan. Interviewer: Alright and was that the same thing that you used a long time ago? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh what about one that you maybe use in the fireplace then to cook in like that? Had legs on it. 165: Well when I was there with my husband, mother was cooking on a Frying, a big ol' frying pan with legs to it and a lid. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: She did cook the best food in that thing. I just couldn't cook in it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay did you, do you know spider for some kind of cooking utensil? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: What was that, do you remember? 165: It was Isn't I'm pretty sure we had one of 'em too. Interviewer: Yeah? Did you cook with it? 165: No my mother cooked it. Interviewer: Okay. 165: They had one. Interviewer: And you said that you did the washing or you made soap out in the yard with a big black 165: Pot. With grease, meat grease and uh {D: hot eggs}. #1 {X}. # Interviewer: #2 {D: right}. # Right. What about uh if you heated water outside like that to wash clothes in? 165: You boil them clothes outside. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Well if it's not that big and if it were. Uh black and maybe smaller but still out of that same material and maybe use it on the stove to boil potatoes in, say what would you call that? 165: Skillet um uh Interviewer: Kiln? 165: Kiln. I remember kiln. Interviewer: How was it? 165: Kiln. Interviewer: Alright. And uh what do you call the thing that you put flowers in? A 165: Vase. Interviewer: A what? 165: Vases. Interviewer: Alright and if it's outside, it's a A Maybe they grow in it. 165: I know that you're talking about a flower pot. Interviewer: Okay. And what are th-the eating utensils that you put at the ends of each plate for meals? You put at the plate, you have to have a 165: A knife and a fork. Interviewer: Okay and and what? 165: Knife, fork, and spoon. Interviewer: Okay you might have one knife or might have uh several of 'em. And uh you might have one knife at the plate but then you might have more bigger ones maybe back in the kitchen you might have several different kinds of. 165: Your cooks, forks and {X} chicken uh {X} Interviewer: And to cut with 165: #1 And you # Interviewer: #2 it you have- # 165: cut with that butcher knife. Auxiliary: Butcher what? 165: Butcher knife. Interviewer: Okay. And uh after, after meal you have to go and clean up, you have to go what 165: Get the dishes. Interviewer: If they're all dirty you say well, I've gotta go and 165: Have to go clean up the kitchen, I clean up {X} Interviewer: And that business about putting the dishes in the water and so forth you say that's gotta wash 165: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: Alright and then if you pour the water on to get soap off that was 165: Pour hot water on them to {NS} get the soap off. Interviewer: Okay and how did you call that? {D: Drin} 165: {X} This sure is This sure is a lot of dishes {NW} Interviewer: Okay, you wash 'em and then you r- 165: Scald 'em. Interviewer: Scald them okay. And what is, what did you call that uh cloth or rag that you use to wash 'em with? 165: Dish rag. Interviewer: And you dry 'em with. 165: Dry cloth. Interviewer: And you wash your face with a 165: Wash rag. Interviewer: And after you bathe, you dry yourself off with a 165: Towel. Interviewer: And uh if it was so cold that uh the, the water pipes got uh the water got solid, you might say well the pipes 165: {D: burst} Interviewer: Okay and uh People used to buy flour now you get in maybe a five or ten pound bag, but they used to buy it in a 165: {X} Twenty-five, fifty, that's the way my daddy did it. Interviewer: Okay 165: #1 Had to # Interviewer: #2 and did # 165: get a big sack, we eat biscuits then. Them kids don't eat biscuits now Interviewer: I think they do in some other {X}. 165: You take that and tell them I used to take a Twenty-five pound sack of flour They were two weeks and now They were five pound sacks of flour and go. Interviewer: Forever. 165: Go on, going in about a month, they they run out and then- then they now they like hotcakes. They wanted me to cook them often. Interviewer: And that's that's the kind that you put uh pour over 'em? 165: Pour with your butter and {X} butter and oh. Interviewer: And something sweet? 165: Syrup if you want it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Did you ever buy It in uh flour in a big wooden thing? 165: No I've only had a bag that you empty the flour in. Interviewer: But you kept it in there? Okay. And what about a What uh did molasses come in if you bought it in large quantities? {X} Did you buy it or you made it? 165: My daddy made it. Interviewer: What'd he keep it in? 165: Big barrels. Out in the smoke house. Interviewer: And then 165: Draw it out the barrel. Interviewer: What? 165: And they draw it out the barrel. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh What about lard? What did you keep lard in? 165: {D: Lard jam}. Interviewer: Okay did you ever say a stand for any of those containers? Lard stand or a molasses stand or a 165: Nah. Interviewer: And what do you use to pour liquid into a container that has got a small opening? 165: We used the funnel. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you're, to get a horse to go faster if you're riding in a buggy, use a 165: Whip. Interviewer: And uh now if you buy fruit at the store, the grocer might put 'em in a 165: Bag. Interviewer: Made out of 165: Paper. Interviewer: And what about those larger ones, a long time ago, they were not made out of paper but Bigger things that you bought, maybe uh flour or a meal or sugar, fifty pounds of it, what kind of a container would that uh That wouldn't be a paper 165: I didn't get that any You got, you got sugar in a bag. Interviewer: What would it be made out of? 165: Paper. Interviewer: Paper bags? I was thinking maybe it might be made out of cloth. 165: No it was made out of paper bags. Interviewer: Okay what about some kind of a a container that they used on the farm, maybe to carry potatoes or or fertilizer or manure or big coarse grain things. 165: To carry potatoes Interviewer: Or maybe they're shipped in, or feed, might might buy feed in a a big, a big kind of sack. 165: Yeah the big trophy sacks. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh that, the amount of meal that they take to uh to the mill Did they take their own amount of corn, that they take to the mill to get, they take their own corn? 165: Yes ma'am, they take twenty-five bushels of corn at a time, you know everybody sell it two or three bushels of corn sent to the mill. Interviewer: You all sit around and do that together? Whole family or just some of the kids or 165: They had a grinder, my daddy. They just You know, {X} well you take one or two of them and put the grinder. You know, with your corn {X}. Interviewer: Okay well what did you have to turn that 165: #1 Yep, turn it # Interviewer: #2 or something? # 165: don't shell it Interviewer: Oh you didn't have to do it by hand. 165: No you had a Interviewer: Okay. Okay and uh what about the quantity of corn taken to the mill at one time, did you hear it called a turn {X} get a turner mill? 165: I don't know whether it'd be a {X} be a turn but sometimes they would buy it on the fleece it'd get ready of daddy going to the mill. Water mill, water grind mill and everybody get corn shed up {NS} Even if you didn't share your corn, you {X} like it would, you wet and they kept the corn and send you {X} gonna get it much back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: They shed their own corn and everything, they got that practice. Interviewer: {X} Okay and uh eh when the light burns out in an electric lamp you say, well I've got to put in a new 165: Uh Interviewer: A new, what kind of bulb? 165: Light bulb. Interviewer: And if you carried the washing to put it out on the line you may carry it out in a 165: In a In the washing. {X} Foot tub would I carry mine out. {X}. Interviewer: You ever, ever had something that was woven like 165: #1 Like a # Interviewer: #2 straw? # 165: a basket. Usually had a basket. Interviewer: Okay and what do nails maybe come in smaller than a barrel but made of wood. 165: They come in a keg. Interviewer: And uh What is it that may go around outside of a barrel or a keg to hold the wood in? What? 165: The hoop. Interviewer: Okay and if you say there are two or three 165: {X} Interviewer: Two or three 165: Hooks. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do you put the top of a bottle to keep the liquid from running out? 165: Stopper. Interviewer: Okay what was that made of? 165: Corks and and Interviewer: And a musical instrument that children like to to play? 165: Harp. Interviewer: Okay. And what about the kind you hold between your teeth? 165: A bunch of tunes {X} Interviewer: And what was that? How was that? 165: What the? Aw {X} Interviewer: A zumba? Yeah Jew's Harp? 165: Something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Zumba that's the kind of noise they made. 165: Yes made a zoom and got it out. Interviewer: Did you ever play one? 165: No I never played on. Interviewer: But uh 165: I had the boys play them. Interviewer: Your boys do? 165: Yeah, my my bo- My brothers, Interviewer: Uh-huh, that's an older toy. 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay and uh What do you use to drive a nail in with? 165: Hammer. Interviewer: And if you have a wagon with two horses, what's the long wooden thing between the horse? 165: Tongue. Interviewer: And those two things on a buggy? That the horse uh is in between, to the buggy? 165: That's the {X}. Interviewer: You have to back him up between the 165: {X} put 'em in through there. Interviewer: Shaft? 165: Shaft, that's right, shaft? Put 'em in the shaft. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the parts of maybe the wagon wheel or the buggy wheel? Were- how were they? Those things that go out or 165: The spokes would be in it. And that {X} A rubber one on the out, some of 'em had a rubber on the outside. Interviewer: What did they call that around the outside? 165: A rubber. Interviewer: Uh are sometimes 165: {X}. Interviewer: And uh If it were made of metal Maybe like on the wagons, it'll be the wagon 165: Wheel. Interviewer: Uh-huh and the, the outside part of it might be the rim or? 165: Yes. Rim. Interviewer: What about that wooden part just inside the rim, you remember a word for that? 165: Yeah no I don't. Interviewer: You ever hear it called felly or felloe? 165: I don't even know. Interviewer: Doesn't remember about that okay. Okay what is it that uh the horses hitched to are are, to pull on, a bar of wood that the traces are fastened back to? Put it on a plow or the wagon? 165: Singletree. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you have two horses and each one of 'em has a singletree, it'll be a um The thing that both of the single trees are hitched to 165: To each hole {X} Whatever it was. Interviewer: Right, did you ever hear a, that one is behind the single, the two singles called the doubletree? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Or was that double? 165: Doubletree. Interviewer: Okay and if you see a man with a load of wood in his wagon, he's driving along, what would you say he's doing? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay but if he's taking it from one place to another, you say well he's out today 165: Hauling wood. Interviewer: And uh What do you break the ground first with in the Spring? 165: They used to break it with a Had a plow and disk plow. Interviewer: What kind? 165: Disk plow, used to break 'em with that. Interviewer: Okay you remember any other kinds of soils? 165: No they had they just plowed {X} turn up the land with a plow then. They have tractors now. Interviewer: Sure. And what about after they plowed, uh to make, to break the ground up even finer, what might they use? 165: They'd use a Interviewer: Harrow? 165: The harrow. Interviewer: Okay. 165: They have a Interviewer: Different kinds of them? 165: Yes. Harrows. {X} If you go a while then some of them do. {X} Interviewer: Ya some of them plow one {X} and some two? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. And what is that in the middle of the or under the wagon that the wheels are fastened to on each side? That through the middle is the 165: {X}. Interviewer: Uh no, I mean I think it sticks out in front I mean like if there's two wheels here and two wheels here, the thing that runs between the two wheels. Axle or ax? 165: Axle. They had axles. Interviewer: Okay. Okay and back when your father used to cut wood like for the fireplace uh, you remember some sort of a thing like this maybe, there were two of 'em set up and you only get them if you saw it off? 165: Put uh put on that the saw. Interviewer: What did he call that? 165: {D: All his horses.} Interviewer: Horses? Well would it be a A a V-shaped thing turned upside down like this or would it be an X? 165: Something like that. Interviewer: And he called #1 that # 165: #2 He'd # he'd put the log in between there and saw if off you know Keep putting it on the saw. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called a saw buck or an X spring or? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay, and uh To uh To fix your hair, you use a comb and a 165: Brush. Interviewer: And uh if you sharpen a straight razor on a leather thing, 165: That's right. Interviewer: What did you call that? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And uh to put in a revolver uh You use what kind of, what did you put in a revolver, a gun? 165: Bullets. Interviewer: Okay and um Do you remember another word uh that meant the, the whole thing like that uh cart? Courage? 165: No. Interviewer: You just said bullet? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Did y'all have guns around? 165: Had a shotgun. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: Shells. Was their name. Interviewer: Okay. And what about a plank that was laid over something that the children played on? 165: See-saw. Interviewer: And what about one that was 165: #1 {D: Jump spring board.} # Interviewer: #2 a # What? 165: Spring board. Interviewer: How was that? 165: {X} One on this and on the other and then jump. This would jump on that end about there and then both of them would jump. Spring board. Interviewer: Okay. And did you ever have something like that that was maybe nailed on both ends and they stood or sat in the middle and jumped on? No? 165: No. I don't remember that. Interviewer: Okay what about something a plate that's anchored in the middle and it would go around and around? 165: {X} See-saw and sometimes they, somebody push you a ride and you could push you Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 around. # Sitting on there you jam one on there and then It takes you around and you just stop and just Do up and down Interviewer: Okay, and what do you uh call it when you tie two ropes to a tree limb and 165: S- Swing Interviewer: And what do you carry coal in? 165: Scuttle. Interviewer: And what do you call that uh that goes from the stove to the chimney? 165: Stove pipe. Interviewer: And uh a little thing that you carried maybe bricks or heavy things in, had one little wheel in the front and two handles. You push it along. Maybe around in the yard or out in the farm. Had a little wheel on a 165: Uh Interviewer: Not too big, one man or one person could push it. 165: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay how was that? 165: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: And uh What do you sharpen a tool, a scythe or something like that on? Some- You could move from one place to another. 165: They had a, you mean sharpen on Interviewer: Farm implement. Maybe an ax 165: Uh-huh they had a grinding stone, they called it. Interviewer: Okay And if there was one, was a uh how'd you say that one? 165: A grinding stone, you cut it, it's a big ol' Interviewer: Wheel? 165: I guess you turn it and it whole ax on there and turn it and turn it on that side. Interviewer: Uh-huh and turn it 165: Sharp. Interviewer: And they poured water on it, didn't they? 165: Yes they poured a little water on it, yes they did. Interviewer: Did they have one that they could move That, that one was fixed in one place, wasn't it? 165: {X} Interviewer: Did they have one they could move around? Don't remember? Um Oh Okay and now you used to maybe walk or or go in the buggy but now when you go down town you ride in the 165: Car. Interviewer: And uh If something is squeaking to fix it so it won't squeak, you may put some 165: Grease on it. Sometimes you Interviewer: Okay And you have to have that done to the car sometimes. 165: Yes. Interviewer: And your daughter might say well I took the car down yesterday and had it. 165: Looked at. Interviewer: And had it but if they put that lubrication on, how would you say that, I had it gr- 165: I told one, I had it down and told 'em the {X} Interviewer: Okay and uh If um if they put that uh fixed the-the-the grease on it, you'd say well I hope they did a good job, they grea- 165: Yes. Interviewer: How'd you say that? They 165: They greased it good. Interviewer: Okay. And if you get grease all over your hands, you might say, look at my hands they're all 165: Full of axle grease, you gotta go Interviewer: All grease? 165: {X} Interviewer: All greasy? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: How would you say it? 165: I'd say Look at my hands, now I got greased and messed up. Interviewer: Okay. Greasy? 165: Yes. Interviewer: How'd you say greasy? 165: Greased. Interviewer: Okay. And uh instead of something heavy like grease, you might put all of it on a door hinge 165: Well {NS} Good {X} Interviewer: Um Uh What did you used to use to burn in lamps? 165: Kerosene. Interviewer: Okay You're gonna call {X}? {NS} 165: Kerosene, would I, would Interviewer: Okay. Uh Ruth did you ever fix a homemade 165: #1 Flambeau. # Interviewer: #2 lamp? # Huh? 165: Flambeau. Interviewer: Yeah, you fix 'em? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Sure, Uh that's interesting, I never saw one of them, I've just heard about 'em here. Inside the tire of the car is the inner 165: Tube. Interviewer: And uh The Do you ever know much about boats? 165: No, not too much. Interviewer: Your father, your brothers never built a boat? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay Uh do you know if if they're going to put one into the water, how they were saying, how they might say that, they're going down to 165: I don't know anything #1 about boats. # Interviewer: #2 Just don't know # about boats. Did they ever go fishing? 165: I know I didn't like fishing, I don't fish. {X} Interviewer: Do you know the names of any fish that there might be around in the ponds or the lakes, the lakes around here? 165: {X} up there. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: In this pond. I'm seventy-four and I ain't ever been on a creek. I don't like fishing. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah? {NW} How about that. 165: No ma'am, never been on a creek in my life. Interviewer: Is it or? Okay and then Do you know what kind of a boat they call it, little flat bottom one? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh If um If the child is just learning to dress himself the mother might bring his clothes in to him and say now here now Put 'em on. 165: Tell him to put on his clothes. Interviewer: And if she wanted to tell him that she had them there she'd say Your clothes. 165: Just put on your clothes so we can eat or so you can go. Interviewer: Okay and uh how would you say Here they are, here are your clothes. 165: Here are your clothes, put 'em on so we can go. Interviewer: Okay. And If um uh your you hear much about the election round here? 165: {X}. Interviewer: Yeah. So uh Who do they think around here who do they think is gonna be governor? 165: I don't know. {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Uh You ever heard anything about Jimmy Carter maybe running for vice president? 165: No. {X} He he said he would, we would all want a {X} good while ago when he come back you gotta let 'em know. What he gonna do but I I I just #1 Tired, I get tired, get tired of 'em # Interviewer: #2 Just any? # 165: talking to me {X}. Interviewer: Okay well um If I were to ask you um Uh you know, you hear a lot of people who have ideas about this if I were to say well uh Do you think Jimmy Carter could be uh nominated for vice president you might say well No I don't think so but there Some people who what? 165: {X}. Interviewer: They're what? 165: There's some people who would. Interviewer: Okay and uh if uh If a little boy comes in and he has a dog with him and the dog seems afraid of him and he might uh uh and you want to pet him and he runs off and you might tell him, send your dog over here I something, I just want to pet him. 165: I tell him send him here, let me see, can I get close to him and pet him. Interviewer: Yeah he might say uh I, going to hurt him I 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And um If you're talking about the old days Folks would say everything was better, you might say Well the good old days, how would you say that? 165: {X} The old days was good. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody says, if you were not downtown yesterday, somebody says you Was that you I saw downtown yesterday, you might say no it 165: But if I wasn't there, then no it wasn't me. Interviewer: Okay. And um If a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she might take a little square of cloth along to use as a just a little bit of it, she wanted to check and might say just a... 165: Little sample. Interviewer: Okay, and if somebody sees a dress that she likes, she thinks it's very becoming, she might say that's a very... 165: Pretty dress. Interviewer: And what do you wear over your dress maybe in the kitchen? 165: Apron. Interviewer: And to sign your name in ink, you write with a 165: Pen. Interviewer: And to fasten a baby's diaper you use a 165: Pin. Interviewer: And uh Soup that you buy, usually comes in what kind of can uh? Made out of what uh? 165: Tin. Interviewer: What? 165: Tin. Interviewer: Alright, and it's a can made out of what, usually comes in what kind of a can a... What do you call that metal that it's made out of, maybe it's made out of... I've got to throw away all those cans, there's a lot of some kind of cans. Not uh, maybe not aluminum, but just Are uh you Long time ago if you got a drink at the pump or the well you might use a, what kind of a cup? 165: Tin cup. Interviewer: Okay. And a- a- a dime is worth two nickels or you might also say a dime is worth. So many pennies. 165: Ten pennies. Interviewer: And uh when you go out in the winter time if it's cold you might have to put on a 165: Oh well you couldn't see me go {X}. Interviewer: You wrapped up? 165: Ooh oh my I was cold. I had a little A my coat and everything. It's the reason {X} gave me his old bedroll you know. {NW} And he just ride to put in all the old coats in there. I didn't get cold. {X} Was I too much cause I had a pretty good piece of roll Interviewer: Sure. 165: A lot of ties. And how come you didn't stay home this morning? Interviewer: But you always went? 165: Uh-huh oh we went {X} Oh I liked it {X} Interviewer: Pretty unusual now I think. 165: Yes. {X} {NW} Interviewer: Well you've done well. 165: I can't do it now, no. Interviewer: {X} Okay and if you're uh complementing somebody they have on the coat and you like the buttons, you might say, that coat has 165: Pretty buttons. Interviewer: Where? Pretty buttons? 165: In the front. Interviewer: Uh would you, would you be more likely to say Pretty buttons on it or pretty buttons onto it? 165: I'd say pretty buttons on it. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And sometimes a- a man uh but would have his shirt on but between his shirt and his coat, he'd have something that didn't button down the front. 165: Dress. Interviewer: Okay and a man also wore on his legs he wore... 165: Boots. Interviewer: Okay but the cloth thing. That matched his suit, it'd be the coat and the... The bottom part of a of a suit would be his... 165: Pant. Interviewer: Okay and what about uh. Uh It's the one that you wore to work in, it had like a bib. 165: {X} Interviewer: And uh If you're outdoors in the winter, maybe working without your coat and somebody might come to you and say here I've Your coat, I've what? I've... 165: Took here your coat. You need it on. Interviewer: Okay I've... I what it to ya? I've... 165: I brought you your coat, you need it on, it's cold. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if it was the wrong package, somebody might say. I sent that to you by mistake, please... 165: Return it. Interviewer: Or br- 165: Or bring it. Interviewer: Okay and and then you might say well I, yesterday I Out to your house, I 165: Brought in you one there. Interviewer: Okay, and you might say Well that coat won't fit year, last year it... 165: Just right, it's too little this year. Interviewer: Okay, it's it, it won't fit now, but last year it... 165: Fitted. Interviewer: Okay. And if your uh old clothes are worn out a man might say well I've gotta go buy mm 165: A suit. Interviewer: Okay not an old suit but a... 165: A new suit, buy me a new suit? Interviewer: Okay, and if you still have a lot of things in the pockets uh they might say that they all 165: {X} out. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and if you wash something and uh it gets much smaller you might say well it... 165: Drawed up. Interviewer: Okay and another way to say that? 165: Shrank. Interviewer: Okay and I washed it yesterday and it. 165: It shrunk up. Interviewer: Okay and uh Lately it seems that every time I wash something it has... 165: Shrunken up, shrinks up. Interviewer: Okay And how do you describe it about maybe to one of your your granddaughters who likes to get ready for parties, you say she likes to 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay but uh she enjoys the getting ready. Making up and everything, how do you, do you have a word to say uh all of the things she does like fixing her hair, fixing her makeup, fixing her clothes, she likes to... 165: She likes She likes to {D; get ready on time}. Interviewer: Okay and to to dress up or to fix up or to pretty up? Any of those words? 165: Guess she likes to be pretty. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do you uh What do you call this? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay and what about smaller one it's just carry a change in? Just for coins. 165: I don't know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Or maybe just slip it in your pocket you know or a little 165: That's handbag, that's a pocketbook ain't it? Interviewer: Okay, if it has a little clasp on it. You might say it's just a little... Purse? 165: Mm-hmm, a little purse or a Interviewer: Do you use that? No? You don't really use that, you say uh 165: After that there's a little pocketbook, and that's a handbag. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's a little bitty one you just say handbag? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And what does a woman wear around her wrist? 165: A Bracelet Interviewer: And uh around her neck maybe a 165: Locket. Interviewer: Or if it's beads you might say she's got on a pretty... 165: Pearls. Interviewer: Okay Would you uh, the little thing that is strung on, that'll go around her neck, you might say a... uh beads, would you say uh, she's got on a long a something of beads? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: A long 165: Long row of beads. Interviewer: Row of beads? 165: Yes. Interviewer: String of beads? 165: String of beads. Interviewer: Did you ever, what about if you're talking about pearls? Just the same? 165: Yeah same thing. You know we used to just get beads and string 'em. Interviewer: Sure. 165: Get 'em off a old {X} and some old {X} Interviewer: Sure. 165: Just have a long string of beads. Interviewer: Okay and uh what do men wear to hold up their trousers? 165: Belt, galluses Interviewer: Okay and uh those things that fasten on the tops of overalls are... {NS} 165: Buckles on there. {X} Interviewer: Okay and if it's just, if it's on like they wear with a Sunday suit, maybe is it the same word as it is on the overalls? 165: It ain't like that on a Sunday suit. Interviewer: And wouldn't you call it the same thing? Call both of them galluses? 165: These suspenders. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if it's raining you have an 165: Umbrella. Interviewer: And what's the last thing you put on the bed when you make it up? 165: Spread. Interviewer: And at the very head of the bed you put your head on a... 165: Pillow. Interviewer: And what about the old one that used to go all the way across the bed? 165: {D:Post} Interviewer: Okay They have them? 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Uh And uh what do you put on a bed for warmth? 165: We used to have quilts. but blankets now. Interviewer: And uh what about uh if a little a little makeshift bed for children that you might fix on the floor Say I'll just fix her a little... 165: Pallet. Interviewer: And uh if you're talking about very rich land, you might say that field, the land over there is really very 165: Rich. Interviewer: Okay have you got another word for rich? Fertile? Fer-? 165: Well no that's fertilizer, what you put on it. Interviewer: Okay, but you don't say that it's just fertile. 165: It's just rich, that's rich land over there. Interviewer: Okay. And uh now most of the land around here is very level isn't it? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Uh Do you have any different words to describe this as opposed to maybe up further when it has more rises and things in it? Maybe up north where it goes through the mountains? 165: Well I would describe it as um level and that's hilly. Interviewer: Okay. And what about the uh, the land right around the a little uh um. Well what are the different kinds of uh water that runs around here, I know you didn't mess with them very much. What's the nearest river around here Rue? 165: Uh. Interviewer: Is it the Flint? 165: {D: The Rue,} I think Flint, yes, Flint's the nearest river. Interviewer: Okay and what's 165: #1 Muckalee. # Interviewer: #2 something # The 165: #1 That and the # Interviewer: #2 what? # 165: Muckalee. Interviewer: What is the Muckalee? 165: Oh this water running from one place {X} Interviewer: But you don't call it the Muckalee river, you call it Muckalee... 165: That I know, Flint river's the only river I think. Interviewer: And what do you say the Muckalee... 165: Creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh and then you have the creeks around you think of? 165: Well this Muckalee go all through here, somewhere down low is Muckalee someone Muckalee getting on down. Interviewer: Okay. And what about something smaller than a creek? 165: Either lakes and things I don't know much about them I tell ya I don't Interviewer: Okay {X} Well the thing that might run into the creek O- or what are land that lies along the creek, would you might. be more likely to have a different word for that. Did you ever say bottom land? 165: Yeah well we say the bottom down in the bottom. Interviewer: Okay now did they say that about the land here too? 165: {X} stand there in the bottom {X} Interviewer: The water would stand in there? 165: I don't, it the bottom Interviewer: What would you- you, did you have another word for that water stood in it? 165: Well they dug a ditch and you know, drained it off. Interviewer: Okay. 165: Where it would stand {X} Interviewer: Okay and when they do that to get water out there they say well, They're what the land there? Drain? 165: They drain it off, they'd they I forgot what they called them, what they'd called it. Interviewer: Drainage, ditch, or canal? 165: And they dug those ditches to drain the land off. Interviewer: Okay. And uh did they ever call it a swamp? 165: Yes, swamps. Interviewer: And what about marsh? 165: I don't know anything about that. Interviewer: Okay uh low lying grassland, you say that you know cows went out to pasture, did you ever have another word for that what was uh rich land. uh wasn't really good for anything other than raising grass. Did you ever talk about a meadow? 165: No. Interviewer: Didn't have meadows around here. Okay what, what different kinds of saw, how would they describe a maybe pour saw that has a lot of sand. 165: Yeah they would say {D:pour saw.} Interviewer: okay. And were there any other words? What about uh long or or a muck or gumbo or 165: I I would uh be sawmill {X} But I ain't been in no woods I don't like 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did the sawmill folks 165: Talk about the muck. You know, down in the wood I got a {D: boy} sawmill. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: And be muddy. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: Had to wear boots and things. Interviewer: Okay. And if there's a been a real heavy rain and the water has cut a channel, what do they call that? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay And uh If it was maybe even deeper a real deep place might be called a ever hear a ravine? Gully? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Is a gully and a ditch about the same? 165: Yes. Gullies. Interviewer: And uh If uh {X} How far, hey you haven't told me this Ruth, How may you have traveled around a little bit? Been to out of the state or? 165: Yes ma'am, I've been out the state. Interviewer: Where all have you been? 165: I've been to uh Brooklyn, New York New York two or three times. I had a son there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: And then Hartford, Connecticut. Interviewer: Some of your family there too? 165: I had a niece that died {X} Buried 'em up there, I went up there to the funeral. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: And I've been to South Carolina, I went up there last year to my grandson Gregory {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: I didn't get a chance to see her though. I've been out of the state. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Seems like you're maybe go visit this son, you said you have a son in Europe? Son and daughter? 165: I had a granddaughter in Europe No I ain't going there. Interviewer: No? I think it'll be good. 165: Get on them planes you go there. Interviewer: Yeah? It'll be fun. 165: Not with me, I ain't getting on no plane. {NW} Over there my son wanted me to come on a plane. Last time I went I told him I'll ride the bus I. Rather take them Twenty to Fifteen fourteen hours on the bus. {NW} Interviewer: Get in a plane. Alright And uh Did you say that a gully and a and a ditch are about the same? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if a, if there's just a not perfectly flat but a little, just a little bit of a rise, you might say well there's a little 165: A hill. {NS} Interviewer: And uh What about up around the mountains when there's those little round places that are getting steeper? What about the thing that you use when you open a door, you turn the... 165: Door knob. Interviewer: Have you heard a little hill called a knob? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's very large and much higher than a hill, you say that's a great big... 165: Big hill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm but if it's just like you know up in North Georgia and they're Huge, you know I'd say it is more than hills, those are up in the Mm. Up in the Smokey 165: Mountains. Interviewer: Okay. How'd you say that? 165: A smoky mountain {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay, and uh Up in the mountains where a road goes across to a low place, you might say well. Or what about something that uh Uh you might take and cut a little thing like that in wood or did you ever sew? 165: No not much. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You never did work with patterns? Stripes? 165: No I ain't good with patterns now. I could have, if I'd had Trained it on up when I gone to school I Got a little song and I took a little lesson at school {X} Interviewer: Sure. 165: I'd take a look at pictures, I want that one. Interviewer: I was just wondering if you remember those little things that cut kind of a little V shaped thingy in a pattern. 165: No I don't remember that. Interviewer: Notch? 165: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever use the word notch? 165: Yes, yes I might have used them, used a notch. Interviewer: You ever use it about, anything about uh in wood or anything? 165: Yeah. Notch in the wood. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you call a place where a large amount of water falls a long distance. 165: A waterfall. Interviewer: For water, you know like a river or Niagara. It's a great, #1 great big # 165: #2 waterfall? # Interviewer: What do you call that, say that's a great big... 165: Oh. Waterfall? Interviewer: Okay. And uh tell me about the the- the roads uh {X} The different kind of roads, the way they used to be and then when they started making 'em a little bit better. 165: Oh well we used to be ready The road goes to the station from where we lived. And it was muddy. And- but we didn't travel that road, come through the woods. call that place a hut some would come through the woods. And we'd get in the field and go to come through the railroad. It'd be so muddy and slippery when it rains we'd get, we We tried to come to school {X} {X} Long in the ditches there. You know all along the road there for two or three days. Looked like it used to be {D: coal} and it'd be {X} Interviewer: Sure. 165: Look like you couldn't tell the winter from the summer. {NW} It'd be so warm for long but it didn't feel that way. Aw man. Interviewer: Okay and then when they started making the roads a little bit better what did they make 'em out of? 165: The slush pails were already {X} Whole rocks. And then we have hanging on the {X} Well. {X} Was where I was with my husband driving all the way And they was hauling the rocks from over here to a lake {X} Place it, putting big rocks down in a row all along. Interviewer: So was that to fill up bad places? 165: It fills up the roads then the {X} Interviewer: Uh what'd they call, what was the black stuff they poured on it? 165: Yeah, that thing. They didn't add it. {X} {D: Pailing} {X} {D: These pails coming from all over.} On them rolls like pails like that. Interviewer: I see. Okay and uh Uh Then after they'd gr- started grinding the rock up a little finer, what did they call that? 165: They- they- they would you know grind them up. But long night after that they would rocks this big they'd haul them haul 'em over a field somewhere back in that way. They got 'em. Interviewer: That's a pretty rough road. 165: Yes but they smoothed it off and Puts a top over that. Interviewer: Right. Well uh now you say that out there is uh made of what? 165: They would put half of the cement they called it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh cement or concrete you ever hear? 165: Yeah. They had some cement. Interviewer: And what about a little road that goes off of the main road maybe say that's a little... 165: Through road, through, they say take that road and tell ya places through to somebody else's place. Interviewer: Alright and if it's from the barn out to the pasture, you might say well I'm gonna walk down the... 165: {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would you call that kind of a little place? Maybe it wasn't wide enough for a car or buggy or anything just 165: #1 There'd have to be a path. # Interviewer: #2 to walk # Okay. Do you ever hear a lane? 165: Yes. Interviewer: What is a lane? {X} 165: I don't know my {X} They called it a lane, that's a lane Interviewer: Okay and uh and maybe the thing that you have sometimes along the side of the street for people to walk on, What do you call that? 165: Street. Interviewer: Uh and if it's a that little paved thing along the side of it, is that, that's out in the middle, you say that's the street but like, uh you might say to children now don't get out on the street, stay on the... 165: Tell 'em stay on the sidewalk. Interviewer: Okay And uh If you are walking along um the road and a dog jumps out at you scares you What would you pick up and throw maybe? 165: Anything you can get hold of. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and what would say you did with it, you say I... 165: Say I throwed it at him. Interviewer: Okay so you might uh pick up uh something and you'd say uh oh no we, we'd talk about that one. If you go to somebody's house and uh and he's not there you might say Is he here? And they would say no he 165: He's gone Interviewer: Okay, he's not at 165: Not here yet. Interviewer: He's not home, he's not, he's not, what would you put in front of home, he's not 165: {X} I say he not home Interviewer: Okay Would you ever be like and say he's not at home or to home 165: #1 No I wouldn't say that. # Interviewer: #2 He's not home. # 165: {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And uh Talking about uh putting milk in coffee you say some people like it 165: like cream and some like milk Interviewer: Okay. Um Uh and you might ask somebody do you like it milk how 165: do you like like it black or like it milk and sugar Interviewer: Okay. and um Have you ever heard any uh is it is it I don't want anything in it you just say I just drink it 165: Black. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard any other ways of saying black coffee, do you remember uh? 165: No. {X} {NS} Interviewer: And uh if someone is not going away from you you say well he's coming straight 165: {D: He coming something} Interviewer: Coming me, coming 165: to me Interviewer: Okay. Uh, toward toward 165: toward me Interviewer: What 165: He's coming toward me Interviewer: Okay. And if you saw somebody you hadn't seen for a long time you might say well this morning I was downtown and I so and so 165: see somebody I did- hadn't seen in a long time. Interviewer: Alright would you be likely to say I ran I ran 165: I ran into somebody Interviewer: Okay. And if a child is given the same name that his father has you might say they name the child his father 165: His name Interviewer: They named him his father I I'm just wondering would you be more likely to say they named him for his father or they named him after his father? 165: They named him after his father. Interviewer: Okay. And um uh they uh The animal that barks is uh 165: A dog Interviewer: A what 165: A dog Interviewer: Okay and if you want a dog to attack another dog what do you say to him? 165: Sic it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And uh if a dog is um mixed breed what do you call him he's not a pure bred something you might say he's just a 165: Just a dog. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what about if he's a very small and very na- noisy little dog yapping you got a word for little bitty dog who's real loud? 165: mm Interviewer: A uh feist or a mongrel you ever? 165: {D: A feist they something a feist that's all} Interviewer: Okay. and and uh if the dog actually bit him well that boy was 165: picking at the dog cuz he wouldn't have bit him if he hadn't {D: barked} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # You say uh Well uh I'm afraid that dog will 165: He bite you. Interviewer: Okay. and uh every uh People go over there all the time and uh and every time anybody goes there the dog has 165: Bit me. Interviewer: Okay. and um and a herd of cattle what do you call the the, the male 165: bull. Interviewer: Okay. and did you do you remember uh around women that they might've used another word uh maybe more polite word or was that just all 165: #1 That's all I know. # Interviewer: #2 word they all # Okay. and um and of course the one you keep your milk is the 165: Milk cow. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the one's that you drive to uh um to work are the uh 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Two two mules or call it you what? # 165: You talking about the ox? Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see anybody work? 165: Ox I guess, if I seen a man or two come {D: to the working ox} Interviewer: Yea, and what do they call it was two of them they said uh {X} What about a, talking about uh mules if there were two of them you might say that's a nice looking 165: Calf. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh the cow has a baby 165: Calf. Interviewer: And uh how did you uh say that uh the cow was expecting a calf you'd say well Daisy if that were her name Daisy's going to 165: Have a calf. Interviewer: Okay. And the male horse was called uh 165: Mare. #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Uh is that the male? # 165: Nah. Interviewer: #1 Mare was a female wasn't it # 165: #2 {X} # Yes. Interviewer: And what'd you call male you remember? 165: mm Interviewer: Uh. 165: #1 Yea a stud # Interviewer: #2 A stud or # Okay. And uh Uh {NW} You might have one horse or you might have several. One's a horse and several Interviewer: What'd you say? 165: Several horses. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you don't know how to ride you uh you might say Well I'd like to but I have never 165: #1 A horse. # Interviewer: #2 A horse. # 165: I'd say I ne- never rode a horse. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say everybody around here likes to horses 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Horses. # And uh uh yesterday I got on the horse and I 165: Rode. Interviewer: Okay. If you couldn't stay couldn't stay on the horse you might say well I fell 165: {X} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh fell? 165: Off. Interviewer: Okay. And if a little child went to sleep in bed but the next morning he was on the floor he might say well I must have 165: Fell out the bed. Interviewer: Okay. What are the things that you put on a horse's feet to protect them? 165: Shoes. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 Horseshoes. # Interviewer: Okay. And the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on to are the the horse's 165: hoof Interviewer: Okay. A hoof and he has four 165: {D: Hoof} #1 Hoof # Interviewer: #2 Four # How's that? 165: Four of them hoof. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the game that you play with the those things is called 165: #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 You know throwing it? # 165: Horseshoe. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you said you didn't have sheep much around here, do you happen to remember what they call a male sheep? 165: Uh. {D: I don't know.} Interviewer: Okay. and a female sheep either? 165: No I do- {NS} Most the sheep I see is on the TV Interviewer: #1 Oh okay # 165: #2 {X} # But that stuff that grows on the sheep's back is called Wool isn't it? {NS} Interviewer: Alright a male hog is a {NS} {NS} {NS} 165: Boar. Interviewer: And uh If uh if they want him so that he wouldn't uh uh be the father of little pigs What do they they do to uh what do they call it when they fix themselves so they wouldn't have a 165: {D: What they call something} {NS} {D: They spay a something} {NS} Interviewer: Yea how's that? #1 Uh huh. Okay. # 165: #2 {D: I said it spays a something to keep it from having pig.} # Interviewer: Uh do you remember do they that on the farm when uh they didn't want the 165: Yea yea. Interviewer: The boar. What did they do you remember what they called it? 165: oh Interviewer: And do you remember what they would call a male after he's been fixed that way? 165: No. Interviewer: You ever hear a barrow? Barrow? #1 {D: Barrow} # 165: #2 {D:mm} # bar #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh huh # I think maybe that's what it is they say uh castrated 165: Yes Interviewer: Uh huh. Any other way of saying that you remember? Cut or 165: {X} Yes they cut the they'll cut the pig while they're holding it in the sides you know Interviewer: #1 Meat wasn't good when it was uh # 165: #2 Now # {X} killed one with that heat in it it ain't good. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. And uh all of the um The baby ones are called the little ones where it's first born is called uh 165: Pigs. Interviewer: And when they get a little older they call them uh {NS} 165: Hogs. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever hear them called shoats? 165: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What's # 165: #2 Shoats. # Interviewer: What's what's that kind of in between? 165: Yes. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And what are those stiff hairs on a hog's back? They use them to make hair braces sometimes. Now remember bristle? {X} 165: Yes {X} Interviewer: Okay. Alright what about those big teeth that the hog had? Remember? 165: {D: Yes} I know they have big some of them have great big teeth. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah sometimes they have that they call them {X} 165: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Ha- you remember how this # 165: #2 Yea # They'd cut 'em put some of 'em pull 'em Interviewer: Yeah what'd they call them? 165: Tusks Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {D: They'd kill it} # You know {X} Interviewer: Yeah {NS} And uh the place where you put the food for a hog would be a 165: trough Interviewer: Okay and two of them would be hog 165: Troughs. Interviewer: Uh and uh You ever had any names for a hog that grew up wild around here? 165: No. Interviewer: You didn't have {X} 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about the noise that's made by a uh calf when it was being weaned? What do they say it did he was The calf would Uh if he's a big cow you'd say the cow goes Have we gotten 165: I don't know {X} Interviewer: Yeah? {NS} Well you remember how they kind of fuss when you're trying to wean them? 165: Yes sometimes {X} Interviewer: Uh I was wondering if they say uh it'd be more likely to say uh bleat or bawl or 165: They always took 'em away. Interviewer: Yeah. 165: The calf would would given milk {X} for awhile You know. {X} Interviewer: #1 But # 165: #2 Okay. # {X} Interviewer: Okay and uh The the general noise that a cow would make maybe would be 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. And what about a horse? Uh neigh or whinny? Either one of those? 165: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Is um # Don't remember that one okay. And if um you're gonna go out and feel feed say the horses and the mules and the cattle uh How'd you say that I'm gonna go out {C: nn} 165: Feed up That's what I'd say. Interviewer: Alright and did you have any other uh things besides chickens in the way of that type of thing? 165: Guineas. Interviewer: Yeah? What about turkeys? You ever have turkeys? 165: No. We didn't have turkeys we had {X} Interviewer: You had to hunt them? 165: yeah. Interviewer: They go off and hide? 165: Yes and you'd put your hand in 'em they wouldn't lay back in there. Interviewer: Oh. They'd move to some other 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 165: {X} Interviewer: Huh. 165: I had a sister used to make me so mad with her She'd find 'em though. She'd tell mom {X} hunt again. I said you wanna go hunting {D: go yourself} They'd lay by eleven o'clock Interviewer: At night or in the morning? 165: In the morning. They'd eleven o'clock you'd {X} {X} In the front of that house where we stayed. Right through the bottom Go down and find {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 165: #2 {X} # I'd kill her {X} Interviewer: Tha- She thought that was fun? 165: She liked the blackberry pie {X} Interviewer: Uh huh. {NW} Okay and if you're going to feed the hens and the guineas what would you say I gotta go out and 165: Feed the chickens. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And um A hen on a nest of eggs is called a 165: Sitting hen Interviewer: And uh a place where you might put a hen or a chicken just to take them somewhere 165: Put them in a coop. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about that bone uh when you cook a chicken that the children used to like to 165: #1 Pull it bone. # Interviewer: #2 break? # The what? 165: Pull it bone. Interviewer: Okay and {X} Which was the lucky side? The little one or the big one? The long one? 165: The the big one Interviewer: And what what was gonna happen if you got that 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 It was # 165: got married first Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I see. And uh do you have a word for the insides the different parts of the chicken you would eat? Just one word that meant all of them together? The heart or the gizzards or whatever? 165: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 No. # And uh that part of the uh uh hog that you sometimes eat and sometimes use to stuff sausage in What do you call that? 165: {D: Tassels.} Interviewer: Okay. And if you uh if you cook it up if you uh clean it real good and cook it up in little pieces And sometimes I think they used it for uh bread. No? Um 165: {X} The children they got they cleaned them and they The other part the upper one with the cases They cleaned them Stuff the sausage {X} Interviewer: Okay. And if it's time to feed the cattle uh they'd say well its about that time it's 165: Time to feed up Oh at night I'll feed up feed 'em once a day I'll feed 'em twice a day Interviewer: Feed up? 165: {X} Time to feed up. Interviewer: Okay good. Would you say her name too or? 165: Yes something like that Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {D: Come on Mary} # Cut cow cut. Interviewer: Okay. And uh What would you say to a cow to make her stand still when you milk? 165: Back your leg. Interviewer: Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what about calling a calf? Would you have a different word to call a calf? 165: No. Interviewer: Same way? 165: Yessum. Interviewer: Okay and what about to call mules or horses? Or to make them turn to the left or to the right when you're driving them? What'd they say? 165: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Never heard about uh that one? # 165: #2 No. # Interviewer: Alright uh uh do you remember hearing anybody call or what you said you probably had a horse if he were out in the pasture how would he call him? 165: He didn't have him out in the pas- he had him in a lot. Interviewer: Okay. 165: And his name was Joey. {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 He'd com- # 165: #2 He'd come running he was a # fine horse. Interviewer: Okay. And to get uh to to get a horse to go on faster you'd say 165: Come up. Interviewer: mm-kay And to get him to stop you'd say? 165: Woah. Interviewer: And uh what about to call the pigs when feeding them? 165: {NW} They'd come running. Interviewer: They'd come huh? Uh and uh. {D: and their sheep uh} What about how'd you call the chickens? 165: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And um When you're uh when they're going to put uh to get the horses ready to go somewhere to go to work they'd have to say I've gotta go The horses or the mules I gotta go 165: Gotta go to work now Interviewer: #1 Alright and put all that stuff on that you had to have # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I'm gonna go what what'd you put on 165: Harnesses. Interviewer: Okay. And is that the way you say it I gotta go harness or gear or 165: You had to go put the gears on them when you're going to work you'd say put the gears on them Interviewer: What about if you're going to put them to the buggy? Would there be a different word if they're going to the buggy? 165: harnesses to put on 'em to the buggy Interviewer: Okay. and if you're driving a horse or a mule what do you hold in you're hands? 165: The lines Interviewer: And if you're riding a horse back you got him with the? 165: You have a halt on {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what do you put your feet in when you're riding a horse back? 165: {D: Feed} Interviewer: Uh huh you know those things that you uh 165: #1 Oh saddles. # Interviewer: #2 on the saddle? # #1 # 165: #2 # Interviewer: #1 The little thing down at the feet went in # 165: #2 {D: They were saddles} # We'd call them saddles. Interviewer: The big thing that you sat on was a 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 saddle? # 165: {X} you know. Interviewer: Okay did you ever hear them called stirrup? Interviewer: #1 No. # 165: #2 No. # Interviewer: Um. And if something is not right here But you might say well it's just a little? Over there just a little How'd you say maybe it's out in the field not too far it's just a little 165: Down in the field? Interviewer: Uh huh a little way a little distance how would- 165: I said down there in the field. Down by the ditch down there or Interviewer: A little away? A little piece? 165: A little piece down there. Interviewer: Okay. 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 But if you been try- # How's that? 165: Said a little piece down the {X} Interviewer: Alright. And uh if you've been traveling and have not finished your journey you might say well I've gotta before dark I've gotta 165: I nearly got {X} little piece further to go. Interviewer: And if it's more than a little piece if it's uh It's many many miles you might say well I gotta before dark. 165: I gotta lotta miles to make up. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a long way? Uh {D: a fur piece} uh A good ways? #1 What would be more # 165: #2 {X} # You said long ways. And a long way yet to go. Interviewer: Okay. And if um if something is very common very familiar you might just uh you don't have to look for it in any special place You might say well you're gonna find that just about 165: Anywhere. Interviewer: And if someone were on the ice maybe and he slipped and fell this what you'd say He fell? 165: Broke his back broke his neck Interviewer: Okay he fell how? 165: He broke his neck. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And uh If he fell this way you'd say he fell 165: #1 He skinned his knees # Interviewer: #2 You're talking about the # 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 I'm just talking about the direction he fell in # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 He'd stand up he fell this way # 165: #2 In front. # Interviewer: He fell fa- 165: {X} Interviewer: And this way he fell? 165: Back. Interviewer: Okay. How? 165: Backwards. Interviewer: Okay. And um If uh If somebody went uh maybe hunting Did you're father ever go hunting? 165: No. Interviewer: No? {X} 165: No. {D:There was no fish net} Interviewer: Okay. And uh If you um Somebody might say Have you got a so maybe cabbage out in the garden You might say well I don't have a single head I don't have {D: A what don't have} 165: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 How would y- # 165: have anymore. Long gone. Interviewer: Okay. Alright if uh the the teacher is is fussing a boy at school and he he didn't feel he deserved if he might say w-what she fussing at me for I nothing wrong I 165: I ain't done nothing wrong Interviewer: Alright. And if somebody uh Uh borrows uh Oh say the rake you use in the yard and it was one you didn't particularly care for anyway you might say Oh that's alright I didn't like it 165: That's alright something happened that's alright {X} that's alright Interviewer: I didn't like it? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And uh Uh a child maybe there were two children out and one had some candy and the other one wanted some he might say well he was eating candy and he didn't give me 165: {D:He didn't give none of it} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {D:That what he said} # Interviewer: And if uh If one of your uh granddaughters is going to visit a friend going to be there from uh say one afternoon until the next day you might say well she's going over there to 165: Spend the night. Interviewer: Alright. And what about if you talk about uh the noise you might say uh uh at one oh clock you know I heard something sometime in the night how would you say that? 165: Heard something last night didn't you hear #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And uh would you be more likely to say in the night or during the night or? 165: {D: I'd say} {X} about one oh clock last Interviewer: #1 Alright # 165: #2 about two or something like that # Interviewer: Alright. And uh if you're Uh how would you say uh you think Something probably is going to happen You might say well that boy is just {D: foul} When he grows up Um He'll have his troubles. 165: I say when he grow up he gonna make his momma cry. Interviewer: Okay. 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Like he's not or after he's not} # How would you say it? 165: I say {X} make his momma cry Interviewer: Alright. And uh those the trench like thing that is cut by a plow is called the? You know that little When they go plowing and they lay it up like that, a fur? 165: Yes. Interviewer: #1 How would you say it? # 165: #2 I'd say # {X} After that you {X} Interviewer: Okay. To plant something? Alright and uh If you have a real good yield you might say well we really raised a big? 165: We had a good crop year this year. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if there's a lot of brush or trees in the land on the land and you cut them all down You might say well we what the 165: #1 We # Interviewer: #2 land? # 165: clean up the bushes off the land. Interviewer: And if you uh cut hay early and then it grows some more and uh There's some left to be cut again you might say well we gotta What? 165: We have to cut just got to cut the grass again. Interviewer: Okay would you call it a {X} 165: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 the something to be made hay out of # 165: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Would you say a second cutting or second crop? # 165: Yes a second crop. Interviewer: Okay. And uh The wheat you said was uh tied up in uh bu- the oats you said were tied up in bundles didn't you? And it was piled up into a Would you say a {D: shock} 165: They sh- shocked it around like that you know. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say what would be a good crop to the acre? How would you say that? You know bushels to the acre? You remember? 165: No I don't remember. Interviewer: Well you might say we raised forty of oaks to an acre m- How would you say that in a sentence? We raised? 165: I don't know. {D: I don't know.} Interviewer: Uh I just want I want you to use {X} Use the word bushel somehow like uh. Uh. Just you know just guessing 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 165: {D: one of them that would} Interviewer: Oh. Okay. I knew it wouldn't be too bad. Let's just see. {D: Let's see X} We won't we don't have very much more because I don't want you getting tired. Um. I just wanted you to use the word bushel like uh ask somebody how many? 165: {D: Bushel X} {NS} Interviewer: Thirty? Forty bushels {D: don't something} ten acres. 165: #1 Something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. And uh You might say what do you with oats you just separate the grain from the rest of it? You say the oats is? The oats? 165: They They thrash them. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Every year in August the oats is? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um If uh If you're talking about not just yourself but you're talking about uh me too You might say well This is uh Not just me or not just you but it's 165: Us. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. 165: #1 Both of us. # Interviewer: #2 Both of us. # Okay. And if you're some friends of yours are coming over you might say well well um Uh. Maybe it's Mary and you and instead of saying Mary, you might say Oh she or her uh and How would you say they're coming over? 165: {X} Her and her daughter coming over. Interviewer: Okay uh would you say her and me are coming over? 165: {X} Interviewer: Alright and if you knock at the door and somebody says who's there you'd say? It's 165: {NW} oh they call your name what they say me #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. Alright expect they'd figure they know who it is # They recognize your voice? 165: {NW} Interviewer: Alright talking about how tall you are Um. And you're taller than than maybe your daughter you might say She's not as tall as 165: As I am. Interviewer: And uh Talking about somebody who's taller you might say 165: #1 They tall- # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 165: They taller than I am. Interviewer: Okay or I'm not as tall as? 165: She is. Interviewer: Okay. And uh talking about how well you can do something you might say well uh comparing you and you're daughter you might say well I can do it better than 165: She can. Interviewer: #1 Or she can do it # 165: #2 better than I can. # Interviewer: Okay. And uh If uh a man had been running just as fast as he could go and he just had to stop you'd say well two miles is He could go. 165: That's right. {NS} Interviewer: Uh. Oh yeah Uh talking about the the distance that he could run you might say Well two miles is 165: All he can run. Interviewer: Okay. And if something belongs to me you might say it's 165: Mine. It's mine. Interviewer: Alright if it belongs to me 165: #1 That's yours. # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # Alright. Or if it belongs to 165: You might say its so and It's uh Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 165: #2 It's theirs. I'd say it's theirs. # Interviewer: And if it's just one person? It's? 165: Theirs. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if its uh Is that your your son? 165: #1 grandparents # Interviewer: #2 grand- # Okay you might say talking about him it's 165: It belongs to him. Interviewer: Okay it's hi-? 165: His. Interviewer: Alright and if uh it's your granddaughter you'd say its 165: It's hers. Interviewer: Okay. And uh talking to uh all of them when they're leaving you might say where are 165: you going. Interviewer: Okay and if it's two or three of them? 165: {X} Interviewer: Where are? 165: {X} Interviewer: You or you all? 165: Oh you all. Where y'all going? Interviewer: More than one person you'd probably say 165: #1 I'd say y'all. # Interviewer: #2 you all? # 165: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # Sure. Okay. And if you were uh the some of the children had been to the party and you wanted to know uh the people who were there you might ask them who? 165: Who was there? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {D: That was of them X} # Interviewer: Okay. Who all? Would you say? 165: I'd say tell me some of the names were there. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're asking about what somebody would say would you say what all did he say? 165: What they say? Interviewer: What they say alright. And if nobody else will look out for uh them you might say well They gotta look out 165: #1 For themselves. # Interviewer: #2 for? # And if no one else will do it for him you'd say well 165: #1 He gotta do it hisself. # Interviewer: #2 uh h- he better # 165: gotta look out for hisself. Interviewer: Okay and. What is bread made of that's baked in loaves? 165: {D: White bread} Interviewer: Okay. And uh If it's what's the difference in whether or not you put uh that stuff you put in it to make it rise is? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And uh do you have a different name for it if you don't put yeast in it? {X} 165: {D: Oh I don't know.} Interviewer: Okay. And what other kinds of bread do you have uh besides that you make it into a loaf You might say you bake a pan of? 165: Biscuits. Interviewer: Okay. And uh What about the kind that you make out of cornmeal? 165: Egg bread. {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what about uh Egg bread is uh is in 165: #1 Loaf. # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # Okay. 165: I make muffins {D: in the muffin things} Interviewer: Okay. And what about the kind 165: #1 corn cornbread # Interviewer: #2 that you don't # What? 165: Corn. Interviewer: #1 That you don't put eggs in it # 165: #2 Cornbread. # No not corn cornbread. Interviewer: And it's just a little paddy like this? 165: Oh it's a it's a little corn you bake it and stuff. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh what about something else made of cornmeal maybe something that you cook with uh uh some sort of um uh vegetables drop it in with it to cook. 165: Corn. Corn dogs they call 'em {X} Interviewer: Okay. 165: That was good. Interviewer: yeah? and you still make it? 165: Sometimes. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 Whenever I can get it # {D: get the salad} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Sure. And the kind that you uh Do you fix hush puppies? 165: Yessum Interviewer: Uh any other kind of uh bread made with cornmeal? Did you ever make mush? 165: {D: N-no} Interviewer: For somebody that's sick maybe? 165: Yes. I made uh I don't know what they call them {X} and take the broth and put onion and black pepper in it. Then she cooked it. They call that some kinda mush. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 165: #2 It was # {X} Interviewer: {NW} Did you ever hear that called scrapple? 165: No. What is- Interviewer: Like a mush that was used the juice 165: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 or? # Uh huh. Uh you don't remember a name for it. 165: No. Interviewer: If you think of that one well tell me. 165: I will if I think of that call that. Interviewer: Uh. 165: Tastes good though. Interviewer: #1 Alright what else uh # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: When you you killed hogs what were some of the other stuff that you had? If you butchered a hog? What did you make from the meat of the head maybe? 165: {D: south meat?} Interviewer: yeah. And uh. Uh what about uh 165: {X} Interviewer: #1 From the livers? # 165: #2 From the livers? # {X} Interviewer: Did you make that? 165: Yes. Interviewer: How was that? 165: Tastes good. Interviewer: Was that with the onion? 165: yeah. And uh what about did you make anything out of the blood? {NS} No. Interviewer: Okay. And uh of course the the that one is ground up pork and makes 165: Sausage. Interviewer: And the man that uh used to go or if you think about going to uh buy uh who sells meat is the what? 165: The butcher. Interviewer: Butcher. And uh the kind of meat that you buy and slice real thin to eat with eggs is 165: Bacon. Interviewer: And what about the kind that uh like that the whole part of the the hog that side how did you call that? 165: {D: Min- something} Interviewer: Okay {D: min-} I've never heard that word {X} Alright and uh {NW} The kind of meat you use out of that to cook with vegetables maybe off of the s- I think it came off of the side. 165: Off the {D: min-} Interviewer: Off the back? 165: Backbone? Interviewer: Uh huh and the kind you put in to cook with uh vegetables? 165: {X} off the {D: m-} and then shoulders. Interviewer: Okay that that fat 165: #1 Yes y- yes # Interviewer: #2 It's theirs. # 165: off the shoulder Interviewer: What'd you call that? 165: and fatback Interviewer: Okay. 165: that's right in the back Interviewer: Okay. and uh If you you took the uh hams and the shoulder and maybe put them out in the smokehouse and that part that was the where the bacon sliced off of what'd you call that when you hung it up what is that? 165: The bacon {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. # 165: {X} {NS} The middling. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. And uh Th-that that uh part that you had to cut off the outside part that you cut off to cook the bacon is the 165: That's is is that's called a slab part of it. Interviewer: Okay. Are the the skin or the edge of it you call the Rind? 165: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 You get your own rind okay. # And um There's there two kinds of bread, there's the homemade kind and the kind that you buy at the store. You might call that At the store you'd say it's not homemade bread it's 165: {X} {X} Light bread. Interviewer: Mm ah okay. You said light bread? 165: Mm. Interviewer: Now so this is not homemade bread this is light bread okay. Light bread minute was bought at 165: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 the store? # Okay. And what about that kind of um Of uh uh dough that you cut like this and 165: #1 doughn- # Interviewer: #2 take a hole out # What? 165: Doughnuts. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you say that uh your family doesn't too much like biscuits anymore but they like the kind you put butter and syrup on you call them? 165: Hotcakes. Interviewer: Okay. And if you go to the store to buy flour now you might say well I wanna buy two Of flour. Two? Or five? 165: Five pound. Interviewer: And uh. The inside part of an egg is the? 165: Yolk. Yolk. Interviewer: Okay you say yolk {D: and yaw or y'all} 165: {D: got yoke out the} Interviewer: Okay and if you put eggs in hot water and cook them with the shells on you call them? 165: Boiled egg? Interviewer: And if you crack them and drop them out of the shell and cook them in hot water they're? 165: Poached. No. Interviewer: Poached egg I've heard that. 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And if um if you keep butter too long and it didn't taste good how would you say it tastes? 165: Rancid. Interviewer: Alright and uh The thick sour milk that you keep on hand is called? 165: Sour milk. Interviewer: Okay and that kind of milk that just gets kinda thick and you know slice it? 165: Yes. It that's buttermilk clabber Interviewer: Okay. 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever make cheese out of that? # 165: No. Interviewer: Uh you never did make homemade uh cottage cheese? 165: Mm no. although my granddaughter's sent me a case of Dutch cheese from Interviewer: From Europe? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. That must've been good. 165: {D: Oh I like it.} Used to have {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 165: #2 I # couldn't use all of it course I put it in a big freezer Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 165: #2 and wrapped it up and # cut it up and wrapped it up. Interviewer: #1 Sure. yeah? # 165: #2 Real good cheese. Good cheese. # Interviewer: I bet it was. Okay when you milk what is the first thing you do after milking? You pour it through something to 165: Strain it. Interviewer: And uh what kind of uh sort of dessert is baked in a deep dish and maybe it's made of apples or some kind of fruit? 165: Baked apples or? Interviewer: #1 Well you put some pastry down a dough. # 165: #2 Oh. Apple # pie. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 Apple dumpling. # Oh I mean um apple chops. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have maybe a big uh bowl that you can put in the oven or a pan like this and you put a pastry all the way across the bottom you put a layer of fruit and then sugar and butter and then maybe you put another layer of pastry on top 165: That's old fashioned pie. Interviewer: Okay. Uh did you call it cobbler? No? 165: No. Interviewer: Apple pie or Peach pie? 165: I made apple {X} {X} about them. Interviewer: #1 Was that just with the the fruit in the dough? # 165: #2 yeah. # Fruit in the dough and butter and sugar {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And did you put some kind of something sweet sauce over that? 165: No I didn't want nothing on it. {X} I browned it {X} You know and be white. That butter will be brown and crispy all the way through. Interviewer: Sounds good. 165: That will be good I hate {X} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And uh if somebody has a real good appetite you might say he sure likes to put away his 165: Food. Interviewer: Mm-kay did you ever say vittles 165: Yes. {X} Interviewer: Both of them? No. 165: Vittles. Interviewer: You'd be more likely to say food? 165: Yes I'd say food I didn't say Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 165: #2 {D: vittles} # Interviewer: And uh with different uh with puddings or whatever er- Would you ever serve a sweet liquid something that you'd pour over? some puddings? 165: Yes. {X} Interviewer: What'd you call that? 165: Uh syrup no. Lemon sauce or with gingerberry Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay what do you call just a little bit of food that you might eat between meals? 165: Snack. Interviewer: Hmm? 165: Called it a snack. Interviewer: Okay. And uh how did you to talk about when you have your food you might say everyday I? breakfast at seven oh clock I? 165: Eat dinner at twelve Interviewer: Okay. But last night I 165: Didn't eat no supper {X} Interviewer: A what? 165: Last night I didn't eat no supper. Interviewer: Okay. And uh all my life everyday I have 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay I'm talking about taking in food 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 though like at seven oh clock everyday I have # 165: eat on time. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do people usually drink for breakfast? 165: Coffee. Interviewer: Mm-kay and do you usually say uh uh that you're going to ha-how do you say you're gonna prepare coffee? You say I'm going to go Some coffee I'm going to go 165: I'm gonna put my pot on and {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what what do you drink when you're thirsty? 165: Water. Interviewer: And you have it in a 165: Glass. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh if you're talking about a glass uh Y-you might say be careful talking to the child be careful don't 165: #1 Break it. # Interviewer: #2 drop it. # Alright. And If somebody did drop you'd say look there 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 you # 165: Broke that glass. Interviewer: Alright and If you're talking about a child that's maybe real clumsy you say every time y- Every time he has come here he has 165: Broken a glass. Interviewer: Okay. And um. If you uh talking about uh water you might say well I a lot of it I 165: I drank a lot of water. Interviewer: Okay. and then say maybe yesterday I you had uh eight glasses you say yesterday I 165: I say I drank eight glasses of water. Interviewer: Alright and uh all my life I have 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 that much water. # I have 165: Drank {X} Interviewer: Okay and if you're when dinner is on the table the family's standing around What do you say to them to get them in there? 165: Dinner ready. Interviewer: Come on and 165: sit down. Interviewer: Okay. And uh when they come in the dining room you might say won't you? 165: Sit down. Interviewer: And uh So he at the table he {D: you said him} sit down and then he 165: Said the blessing. Interviewer: Okay but uh after he got into the chair you might say well he's in that chair. To say he was in that chair you might say he? 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 ru- # He's 165: He sits in that chair. Interviewer: And yesterday he 165: Sit over there. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: All his life when he has come to see me he 165: #1 {D: sat in that chair} # Interviewer: #2 has # Okay. And if you want somebody not to wait until the potatoes are passed you might say uh uh yourself. 165: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay. And uh You might say well he went ahead and #1 himself. # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And what? 165: Helped hisself. Interviewer: Okay and since he had already I asked him to pass him since he had already 165: Helped hisself pass Interviewer: Alright and if you decide not to eat something you might say well I don't 165: #1 want # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I don't. 165: I don't care for that. Interviewer: Okay. And if the food has been cooked And then served a second time you might say it's been 165: Leftover. Interviewer: Okay and if it you uh you uh put it on the stove a second time you'd say well this been 165: been warmed. Interviewer: Okay. And if you put food in your mouth you begin to 165: Chew. Interviewer: And um Well let's talk about the garden a little bit you say I grow all kinds of? 165: Vegetables. Interviewer: And uh They're out uh Well just tell me the the different I don't think we put did we talk about the different kinds of {X} 165: No. Interviewer: Okay tell me about the different kinds of vegetables that are in the garden. 165: What a plant's name mean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: ah plant butterbeans and Interviewer: What other kinds of beans? Are butter beans those green ones or are they all kinds? 165: They're green ones. Little green ones snap beans {X} {X} Collard greens. And turnips. I didn't I didn't plant no eggplants this year. I should have. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What about the typical southern food that you think about having the {D: eggs in the morning} White and having the bowl with butter. 165: {X} I cook the grits every morning Interviewer: Okay. 165: And Grits {X} and Billy one piece of toast with grits. and bacon. and egg. Coffee most of them drink coffee. {X} They'll drink orange juice instead. Interviewer: Mm. And uh what about uh a dish that was made from the whole grains of corn? Ruth and I we 165: #1 {D: that something} # Interviewer: #2 generally think # What? 165: {X} Interviewer: yeah do you ever fix that? 165: No. Interviewer: Did you used to? 165: No. {NW} {X} I love it though. {NW} Interviewer: #1 yeah? # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did your mother fix it? 165: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Where'd you have it? # 165: {X} Interviewer: You like it you get it canned? 165: I like that she cooked {X} Friend up the street {X} cooked some every year {X} She cooked it {D: good and} {X} Interviewer: She made it all the way herself? 165: {D: yeah. That's a lot of} {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what about uh uh a grain that you generally thing about being raised down in Louisiana it's uh {NS} Um. They use it for uh food all the time and its white in little grains and. 165: Rice. Interviewer: And uh What about uh Uh homemade Or a homebrewed some kind of alcoholic beverages or homemade beer what kind of things like that have you heard of? 165: {NW} Black beer or wines {X} Interviewer: Did you ever make wines? 165: Yes. Interviewer: yeah? And that one that you think about being made out in a still out in the woods is a? What do they call that? It's illegal. 165: Whiskey. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 Uh # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 Moonshine. # Interviewer: Uh huh any other words you've heard besides moonshine? 165: No I haven't heard nothing. moonshine {X} Interviewer: You ever hear it called rotgut? Somebody the other day told me 165: {X} The stuff they make it out of be uh The stuff had a rot or do something to them Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {D: naked} # {X} Interviewer: Okay. And if something is cooking and um And it makes a real good impression on your nose you might say 165: #1 S- # Interviewer: #2 This this # 165: Smells good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh Uh. See we talked about uh voices uh You never made maple maybe did a thing with uh juice from the maple tree did you Erica? 165: I have made mapleine syrup for us at the house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: They bu- they buy it in maple Interviewer: A little flavoring. 165: Yes. Interviewer: But you nobody ever got the water out of the trees and 165: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 cooked it down. # 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. And if you say this is not a imitation maple syrup it's? 165: Maple syrup? Interviewer: Or if you talk about leather you might say this is not plastic 165: #1 it's leather. # Interviewer: #2 it's # Okay so the real thing if you gotta order {X} it's not imitation it's gen- 165: Genuine leather. Interviewer: Okay how's that? 165: It's genuine leather. Interviewer: Alright. And uh sugar sold retail is already put up in packages. Wholesale you might say it's sold in 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay n- uh loose or in bulk? 165: They used to sell it loose but they don't now. Interviewer: Okay. And uh do they say it in bulk how do they say that? 165: They usually just go get as much as you want in a sack. Interviewer: Mm-kay do they use a word in bulk? 165: Yes. Interviewer: How 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 say it for me. # 165: in bulk. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what did you make um with fruit if you strain the juice and cooked it 165: #1 Jelly. # Interviewer: #2 with sugar # Made what? 165: Jelly. Interviewer: And uh you on the table you usually put uh two things to season with 165: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Okay and if there's a bowl of apples over there and a child wants one he'll say 165: {D: want an apple.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you're talking about two uh two groups of boys you might say it wasn't those boys 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 it was one of # 165: Those over there. Interviewer: Okay not one of these one of 165: Those. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're pointing to a tree that's a long way off you might say it's a 165: Way down y- way down yonder that's what I say down yonder. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And if you're telling somebody to how to do something and they're not doing it right you're going to say #1 Don't do it that way do it # 165: #2 Do it # this way. Interviewer: And if um there's somebody's uh is saying something you don't understand you might say now 165: What you say? Interviewer: Okay. And you might say if a man has plenty of money He doesn't have anything to worry about but life is hard on a man 165: Poor. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. A man 165: Who poor Interviewer: Okay. And if you have a lot of peach trees you have a You say I gotta big 165: Peach orchard. Interviewer: And uh Uh i- if you see a lot of an orchard you know you might say well If somebody said is that your orchard and you say no I'm just a neighbor he's the man 165: Live there. Interviewer: Okay and who who has or who owns {X} 165: #1 Who owns that. # Interviewer: #2 that # Okay. When I was a boy uh my father was poor But next door was a boy 165: Lived good. Lived well. Interviewer: Okay. You might say his father his his fa- my father was poor but 165: He lived good. Interviewer: Okay and talking about uh his father you say my father is poor but 165: {X} rich. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And inside of a cherry the part that you don't wanna eat the little hard thing is a 165: A seed. Interviewer: Okay inside of a peach? 165: That's a seed. Interviewer: And what about the there's a kind of peach that's served the meat clings or sticks to the seed and then there's nothing that breaks off easily. 165: {X} peach that sticks to the seed. Interviewer: Which one? 165: {D: Chris} Interviewer: Okay. And uh the others are called 165: {D: less seed} Interviewer: Okay. And what's the part of the apple that you throw away? 165: The core. Interviewer: And uh uh did you ever cut up apples or peaches and dry them? 165: Yessum. Interviewer: What did you call that? 165: Dried apples and dried peaches. Interviewer: You never heard them called uh snitz? 165: No. Interviewer: yeah I don't think that much is used around here but I've heard of that one. Um. Okay what are the kinds of uh nuts that you have around here? Mostly? 165: Pecans {D: picker nuts or something} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh of course the big money crop is 165: Pecans. Interviewer: Uh bigger than the ones you dig up and uh you have the Carter's have the {X} underground they grow underground? {C: car passing} {NS} 165: Nuts peanuts? {C: car passing} Interviewer: Okay. And what about one you just see a tree around occasionally and it has a soft hull outside and a hard hard inside and if you break them open you stain your hands badly. Remember one like that? 165: No. Interviewer: Um. A uh Uh walnuts? 165: Mm. Interviewer: yeah did you have them? 165: {X} There's some I think I see the tree up to around Interviewer: A what kind now? 165: Walnuts. Interviewer: Okay. You don't have them very much though. 165: No. Interviewer: Alright what about another that you think that's long and flat shaped and uh It has a real thin shell and you use them in cooking but you have to buy them. They blanch them sometimes slice them up real thin? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Almonds you ever buy almonds? 165: No. Interviewer: No? Okay. And if the kind of fruit that they Florida's famous for is The most famous Florida fruit that gets is 165: {X} Interviewer: yeah but even more common than tha- 165: {D: oh} Mangoes. Interviewer: Uh yeah but l- it's a citrus fruit too you talk about you have it in juice sometimes. Maybe they don't drink coffee 165: #1 Oranges. Oranges. # Interviewer: #2 they want a glass, what? # Okay. And if you have a bowl of oranges and one day you go to get one and they're all gone you might say well the oranges are 165: Gone. Interviewer: They're all 165: Gone. Interviewer: All 165: #1 All gone. # Interviewer: #2 How'd you say? # Okay. And uh the little red red vegetable that you have in the garden It's peppery and kinda hot 165: {X} Radishes. Interviewer: And uh those they're really a fruit big and round and red. Juicy and you slice them {D: X a vegetable} 165: Those are tomatoes. Interviewer: to you ever hear of any little ones real small ones? 165: {X} No but I know a lady do had a lot of them {X} Interviewer: #1 What'd she call them? # 165: #2 Every year. # Interviewer: You know what they call them? 165: No. Interviewer: You ever uh 165: #1 They # Interviewer: #2 heard of # 165: They just volunteer e- every year there. Interviewer: Uh huh. 165: She had them Interviewer: Where'd they grow? 165: up Beside the fence. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Y-you know {D: called them} Tommy toes? Or? 165: I don't know what she called them I just {D: see her} Interviewer: Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: And uh along with {D: meech} you might have uh baked Or another vegetable that grows underground 165: Potatoes. Interviewer: Okay what different kinds of potatoes did you have? 165: White potatoes and yam. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you pretty much call those that are sweeter did you call them 165: #1 yams. # Interviewer: #2 yams? # More than you did sweet potatoes? 165: That's the same thing. Interviewer: Okay. But you alway always say yams? 165: Sweet potato what I said. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about one that's still grows underground and it has a real strong odor and it makes tears come to your eyes some 165: #1 Onions. # Interviewer: #2 times? # What? 165: Onions. Interviewer: Okay did you have different kinds of them? 165: yeah. Interviewer: What kinds of 165: {X} Red onions. Interviewer: {D: Which ones were shawed} How'd they look like? 165: {D: Big} {X} Top of them eat them both. Interviewer: #1 Oh you'd eat the tops of them? # 165: #2 {X} # {X} {X} mostly get that {D: bone} Interviewer: Okay. And if you leave uh 165: Alright. Interviewer: Apple or plum around it would dry up and You might say the skin of that dry apple was all? 165: {NW} Dried up. Interviewer: {NW} 165: Sh- Shriveled up. Interviewer: How? 165: Shriveled up. Interviewer: Okay. And the kind of vegetables that come in big leafy heads are 165: Cabbage? Interviewer: Okay. and uh Uh another leafy vegetable you might have is {NS} Okay one that you put in salads? 165: Turnips. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Might chop up uh with tomatoes 165: #1 Lettuce. # Interviewer: #2 and # Okay. And uh leafy one that you might put with tomatoes and make a salad would be a? 165: #1 Lettuce. # Interviewer: #2 L- lettuce # Lettuce? Okay and how would you raise that you might talk about Would you have bunches of lettuce or Like you said head of cabbage right? 165: {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay. 165: #1 {D: They'd have} # Interviewer: #2 They didn't have # 165: pull a little Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay then you didn't say heads of lettuce? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. You getting tired? {NW} Wanna stop awhile? 165: No let's go. Interviewer: Okay. 165: That a Interviewer: Alright did you ever use heads to refer to children? Like I got four or five or six or eight head of children did you ever hear that used that way? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Head? 165: Yes. Interviewer: What about passels? I mean a whole large numbers or something. 165: Don't know much that. Interviewer: Never had that one okay. That's the word my grandfather would use for big {X} 165: {NW} Interviewer: Passel of children so he would say. Okay and um The corn that you might just raise in the gardens to distinguish it from field corn is 165: There's the sweet corn and yellow corn. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of mutton corn? 165: No. Interviewer: Oh. Um. {NS} A large round fruit that grows on the ground you make pie out of at Thanksgiving? 165: Pumpkin. Interviewer: And uh the little yellow crook neck vegetables 165: Squash. Interviewer: Did you have different kinds of that? What kind? 165: I don't know what the name of them is. Different color and be red Some round ones and {X} Interviewer: Okay. 165: And some of them were yellow. Interviewer: And uh. What about melon? 165: {X} Interviewer: Different kinds 165: #1 Different kinds. # Interviewer: #2 of melon? # And uh. Uh. The kind uh not the red one but the kinda kind that is 165: #1 Yellow. # Interviewer: #2 is yellow? # 165: {D: Yellow} Interviewer: What'd you call that one? 165: {X} think they called it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh another kind that's just more like a little ball like this Uh. Did you ever have mushmelon or? 165: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Did you call it # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Cantaloupe 165: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 too? # Cantaloupe? 165: Just mushmelon. Cantaloupe. Interviewer: Okay. And what about something that comes up in the woods or the fields after a rain? Little bitty umbrella 165: #1 Mushrooms. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay did you ever eat uh have one them that you'd eat? 165: No. Interviewer: You heard of them though? 165: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Um. Uh. They uh Sometimes uh call them mushrooms. 165: Yes. {X} Interviewer: But y'all didn't raise any. 165: No. {X} Interviewer: You ever buy them in cans? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. If a man has a sore throat And the inside of his throat is so swollen And he maybe put food in his mouth but he couldn't 165: Swallow. Interviewer: And uh what do people smoke? 165: Cigarettes. Interviewer: And 165: Pipes. Interviewer: Okay. And that one that's not white but long and brown? 165: #1 Cigars. # Interviewer: #2 Not # Okay. And a lot of people at a party having a good time you might say they were standing around a singing and a laughing 165: And talking. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if uh somebody offers to do you a favor And you say well I appreciate it but I don't wanna be 165: Bothered. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. And uh maybe somebody wanted to give some give a man a coat Because he was cold. But he wouldn't accept it because he said he didn't wanna be 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 to anybody # 165: Charity. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about beholden? or obligated? 165: yeah. They don't wanna be obligated to you. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody asks you about doing a certain job you might say well sure I can I can do it. 165: {D: I can do it.} Interviewer: How? 165: Sure I can do it. Interviewer: Alright if somebody says can you? You might say no I? 165: Can't. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 Can't do that. # Interviewer: If somebody asks you um to do some work and it's right about sundown you might say you've maybe been working so well I got up to work before sun up and I 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 all I'm going to do today # I've 165: I'm tired out I've done all the work today. Interviewer: Okay. If you're talking about Your family you might say well Most of them uh older people most of them are not living anymore they're 165: Not {X} gone on. Interviewer: Alright. And uh there was a wreck and there was a person in it you might say well There was no use to calling a doctor because the victim by the time we got there he was 165: wasn't any good. Interviewer: He was what? 165: Dead. Interviewer: Alright. And uh. Uh and talking about how you think the corn usually might be at this time you might say Well it's not as tall as it 165: Not as tall as it should be but it's got pretty good little {X} Interviewer: Alright. And uh Maybe sometimes children sort of try to get each other to do things they won't do themselves like maybe I I am I dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you 165: Won't go. Interviewer: Won't {X} 165: You won't go near it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright and um If you're uh You knew when you uh If uh children again are talking about doing something that maybe was not uh they thought their parents wouldn't approve of and one of them might say well uh you maybe gonna do the wrong thing you are not going to do what you blank to do you're not going to do what you 165: Want. Interviewer: What you 165: Wanna do Interviewer: Okay are uh uh Should another way of saying you know that's not what you 165: Should do. Interviewer: Are all 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh and if a you say No to this somebody says will you do it you say no I 165: I won't do it. Interviewer: And uh. If you had to do some real hard work all by yourself. And let's say the girls were standing around and didn't help You might you could say well you at least you 165: Could help. Interviewer: Okay or you uh {NW} You might've helped me How would you say that? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: Uh might have 165: Yes. Interviewer: How say that. 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 At least # 165: At least you might have helped. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Suggesting Just the possibility of being able to do something you might say Well I'm not sure but I 165: I've tried. Interviewer: Okay and if you wanna say um Uh The the possibility and there I I'm not sure but uh I m- might {X} 165: I might do it. I'll try. Interviewer: Okay. What's the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 165: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What do you talk about hearing at night that makes a little 165: #1 Owl. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What? 165: Owl. Interviewer: Okay what about one that makes a little bitty sound? Do you know about different kinds of owls? You ever heard of a screech owl or screech owl? 165: Screech owl. Interviewer: #1 How? # 165: #2 {X} # Yes. Interviewer: How'd you call them? 165: Screech owl. Interviewer: Okay. And if he's bigger and goes ooh you might say 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 that's # What? 165: {X} Interviewer: And the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 165: Woodpecker. Interviewer: And did you ever hear that swapped around and called them peckerwood? 165: Pecker. Interviewer: What what's uh Just talking about the bird? 165: yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people refer to it as peckerwood? 165: No. Interviewer: Um. And what about uh a black and white animal that has a real strong smell? 165: Oh Uh Skunk. Interviewer: Okay. And what about all the small animals that might get into the chickens that they are predators You might say Well we have to fasten the chickens up at night so the what won't get them? 165: Um. Possum gets them. Interviewer: Okay but maybe possums and different kinds of rats 165: #1 Manx # Interviewer: #2 {D: or all kinds} # What? 165: A manx can get them too. Interviewer: Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: #1 What? # 165: #2 {X} # You gotta keep the manx out the chicken coop too. Interviewer: Are there any of them around here? 165: Yes they used to be I ain't have no chickens in a long time. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Have you What about you say there's something that getting into the chickens every night Imma get me a gun and some traps and stalk those 165: pole cats Interviewer: Okay. Uh uh 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever hear the # Did you ever hear the word varmints about All different kinds of little animals 165: Yes. Interviewer: How was how'd they say that? 165: Varmints. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. And what did it mean then it just Uh. 165: I guess it meant the pa- {X} um possum things that's coming up Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh {NS} What about the different kinds of squirrels? That you had around? 165: I don't know much about them {X} around big squirrels. Uh he used to kill squirrels and bring squirrels home and we had fried squirrels squirrel stew. Interviewer: Sure. Did you ever hear a squirrel called a boomer? 165: No. Interviewer: That may be more like a mountain {X} What about different colored ones? Are there different colored ones around? 165: All I'd seen was gray kinda like {D: brown streaks} Interviewer: Okay what about a little animal that maybe runs around more on the ground looks a little like squirrel but a lot smaller. 165: I don't know I seen them. But I don't know about them. Interviewer: Um. You never did hear something called a ground squirrel? 165: Y- yes. Interviewer: #1 Ground squirrel? # 165: #2 My yes yes # Interviewer: What about chipmunk? You ever hear chip- 165: A little bit but I ain't seen much of that. Interviewer: Okay. J- uh Ever hear anything called a A pocket gopher or a Ground gopher? 165: No. Interviewer: No? Okay. And uh Talk about the the fish what about a uh uh uh a fi- uh a shell? A sea animal. That pearls sometimes supposed grow in. 165: I don't know nothing about it. Interviewer: Nothing about oysters did you ever cook oysters? 165: Yessum I cooked oysters. We shelled 'em. Interviewer: yeah how'd you fix them? 165: Fry 'em make stew too. Interviewer: yeah. And if you made stew you said it was what kind of stew? 165: Oyster stew. Interviewer: Uh huh. And what about the the things that uh around the water that croak and carry on? Hop around? 165: Frogs? Interviewer: Uh huh what different kinds of frogs? 165: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 165: I don't know about different kinds of frogs. Interviewer: What about the great big ones? 165: I don't know. Interviewer: The nobody ever had uh ever killed them and had frog legs? 165: No not I didn't fix none they told us about that when I lived in Florida. We went down there {X} and they was talking about frog legs and brown snakes {D: They'd head down there} I didn't care none about that Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 165: #2 {D: cuz they'd} # Interviewer: Okay. And you don't know about a little kind of uh a little bitty green one then? 165: Yessum I {X} I see them they out there. round My tomato bunch now. Interviewer: yeah but you don't have any special name for them? 165: No they just say green ones. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 165: #2 green frog. # Interviewer: Okay. And uh. What about uh uh Do you call them toads or toad frogs? 165: {X} called toad frogs but I don't know one. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what was the thing that they used to dig uh uh {D: a for-something} or crawled around and went and or into the If you raised up a rock or something you found. 165: Baits. Interviewer: yeah. What? 165: {NW} {X} Baits all I know. Interviewer: Okay you don't know any different kinds of words? 165: No. Interviewer: Uh okay what about the hard shell thing that's supposed to pull its legs and its 165: #1 That's uh # Interviewer: #2 head? # 165: Turtle. Interviewer: Okay. And uh What about uh Does that one go in the water or is it just on 165: I think they stay around the water. Interviewer: Okay you ever hear them called terrapin or {D: gopher something} 165: I heard talk of them but I Interviewer: You just say turtle? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Okay what about something that you find in maybe little streams or creeks and they're supposed to swim uh uh uh or crawl backwards Little claws? Know about one like that? 165: No. Interviewer: Uh crawfish or crawdad or 165: {D: craw fry} Uh little type of crawfish I seen the starfish {X} Interviewer: yeah that's an ocean one isn't it? 165: Yessum Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 165: #2 I think this one is one that's maybe around streams. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And um Another kind this is an ocean one like where they have oysters and everything and serve {D: something like this} and this little thin shell you ever cook or {X} 165: No. Interviewer: Uh. But you heard of shrimp? 165: Shrimp yes I've heard Interviewer: What about an insect that flies around a light a lot? Flutters up to the light. 165: Little green ones? The green bugs {X} Interviewer: yeah and sometimes I think they're uh grayish powder comes off when you 165: yeah. Camel fly. Interviewer: Okay. And what about an insect that's supposed to get in well it does get in wool cloth and eat holes. 165: Moths. Interviewer: Okay. And maybe there's just one and you'd say there's a 165: Moth hole. Interviewer: Alright. And uh a bug that has a light in its tail at night #1 The kids'll # 165: #2 Lightning bug. # Interviewer: Okay. And uh What about a long thin bodied uh insect that uh has two pairs of wings on it it's supposed to be around swampy old water little puddles they say something about used to eat uh mosquitoes You'd say they're around snakes sometimes. You ever hear of a dragonfly or? 165: No. Interviewer: A snake feeder snake doctor? 165: Yes {D: and my little} snake doctors. Interviewer: Okay. And what other kinds of stinging bugs or insects are around? 165: Uh wasp you mean? Interviewer: Right. 165: Yellow jackets. Interviewer: Okay. What about What about one that um that um makes uh a nest a big paper bag looking nest? 165: That's a wasp. Interviewer: Okay. Is there one that's even bigger about the size of a football? 165: Yellow jacket {X} Interviewer: Okay do they have any hornets around here? 165: Yessum in the woods out there where they work at. {X} Interviewer: Okay. And ones the little tiny ones that uh carry malaria they're supposed to be around the water the mosquitoes? How do you say that? 165: I don't know of any. Interviewer: Mosquitoes you know they're always 165: Oh yessum mosquito. Interviewer: And what about the little teeny ones that uh burrow down in your skin and they're out in the fields and uh They uh Uh if you walk in the woods without you may get them on your legs or 165: Um. {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what about the ones some green and some brown that hop around in the grass in the summer? They hop you know. You seem them from the corn sometimes. 165: Like a frog? Interviewer: Uh but this is an insect a bug. Grass? 165: Hopper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear them called hopper grass? 165: Yessum grasshopper and hopper grass they'd call 'em backwards {X} That's right. Interviewer: Okay. And uh You said you didn't do much fishing what about uh a little bitty fish that's used for bait? Minnows? You 165: yeah heard them talk about minnows. {X} Interviewer: And what's this uh Uh something a little thin uh thread like thing you may find across the path when you walk down to the garden or sometimes you find them in the corner of the room? You have to sweep them down with a broom or something. 165: Spiders. Interviewer: And what do you call the thing that they leave? 165: Webs. Interviewer: Okay. And a tree down in the ground puts out? Uh what's the part of the tree that goes down in the ground? 165: Roots. Interviewer: And um. Uh. Did we say you had maple trees around here? 165: I don't know. But I think so but I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. And what about a kind of a tree That has uh broad leaves and they pretty much shed all at one time the bark peels off and it has little balls on it sometimes. Real tough wood they use it for chopping blocks. 165: Uh. Interviewer: Sica- 165: Sycamore. Interviewer: Have you had what's that one? 165: Sycamore. Interviewer: Okay and Any other trees you think of that might be around? Of course you have the pines pretty much around here. 165: Yes and then oak tree. Interviewer: Okay. That's the one that made the best wood? 165: Yes. Interviewer: Alright and uh what was that story George Washington could never tell a lie he was supposed to cut down 165: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 the # What was that one? 165: {NW} {NW} {X} Interviewer: {X} a cherry tree wasn't it? 165: They said George Washington never told a lie the biggest lie right then he ever told. Interviewer: {NW} {D: You never talked about something} 165: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} You heard those stories about it 165: {NW} Interviewer: You hated his expense account? 165: Yes. Interviewer: yeah 165: #1 I heard the story. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's kind of a surprise to me. Okay what about a shrub doesn't get too big just kind of a bush out in the fields. And um The leaves get real- very red in the fall. and they grub 'em up sometimes 165: Out in the field? Interviewer: Yes or along with the road. It's a the they don't want it the farmers don't want it some and they have a sort of sticky gummy stuff around on those little berries or 165: Oh. Uh. Interviewer: S- #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What? Well I'm thinking about one that's like {X} or something like that. 165: #1 I don't know about that one. # Interviewer: #2 don't know about that one. # 165: {X} Interviewer: That's a that's a nuisance 165: Yes. Interviewer: Okay we talked about poison oak poison ivy tell me about the different kinds of berries you might have around here. 165: Oh blackberries strawberries raspberries Interviewer: Any that are poisonous? 165: None of that Interviewer: yeah. Did you ever uh ever see pope one called pope berry 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 around here? # 165: Yes. Interviewer: yeah and you use the leaves of that 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 don't you? # 165: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about a A shrub that has a very beautiful bloom pink and white flowers I think they originally came from the mountains. They bloom late in the spring. Uh laurel any laurel around here? A rhododendron? {X} 165: {X} Interviewer: No? Okay. And the the big um of course the big flowering tree with the big white blooms are? Typical of uh the south. The big glossy leaves. The magna- 165: Magnolia. Interviewer: Alright. 165: {X} Interviewer: They're real pretty {X} 165: {X} planted five or six trees about Twenty years ago me and Mayberry both said I'll never live to seem 'em blooming and they haven't bloomed yet. Interviewer: Oh really they grow real slowly huh? 165: I don't think they're the blooming kind they all don't bloom in this town. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 165: #2 We just # We just {X} this time of year {X} wall of flower. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. And uh if uh If a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she might say well I don't know I better ask my {X} might not of asked decide for herself she might say well I'll ask my 165: husband {X} Interviewer: Okay. And any other ways you say old folks might say that She might say well I'm gonna ask 165: I'd love to see what so and so says Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Any other sort of nicknames instead of saying the husband she might say? 165: yeah cuz my momma called my daddy boy {NW} Interviewer: Boy? 165: Boy. Interviewer: {NW} What does she call that a nickname 165: #1 that was # Interviewer: #2 or # 165: his nickname. {X} Interviewer: yeah. 165: Called her sis. Interviewer: Okay. And the man might say well I don't know I must ask my 165: Wife. Interviewer: Okay. And a woman who has lost her husband is called a 165: Widow. Interviewer: And uh. If a woman whose whose husband is dead and a woman whose husband has just left her you have a different word to say that has widow in it. 165: Yes Interviewer: #1 How? # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 How would you say that? # 165: #2 {NW} # {X} grass- {NW} Interviewer: #1 Grass widow well have you got another way of saying that have you ever heard of a sod widow? # 165: #2 {NW} # No but they always say she's a grass widow. Interviewer: She's a grass widow that means her husband just 165: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 left her. # Well somewhere here somebody told me that {X} she's either a grass widow or a sod widow 165: Well I reckon it Interviewer: {D: cuz he's something the sod} {NW} I thought that was interesting. Okay and and your mother's husband is your 165: My father. Interviewer: Uh huh and uh And what did you call your father? 165: Dad, papa Interviewer: Okay. Any other ways what did your children call your husband? The same? 165: Dad. Interviewer: Okay. Any other ways what about the grandchildren? Call their father? 165: They called him Daddy Interviewer: Okay. 165: That That's latest style {X} you know long time ago the pop Interviewer: Right and uh his wife was your mother you said your mother? What did you your father's wife was your 165: Grandma. Interviewer: Okay and uh uh the children your children called you 165: B- All my grandchildren call me big momma I don't like grandma Interviewer: Uh huh and what do they call their mother? 165: Ma m- call them momma. Interviewer: Okay. And your mother and father together are called your? Pare- 165: Call them parents. Interviewer: Okay and uh Your father's father you call your 165: Grandpa. Interviewer: Okay any uh affection sort of joking ways you remember folks calling their grandfather? Did they say uh like big momma did they say Did they say big daddy or 165: No. Interviewer: What'd they call him? 165: {X} I don't know much about my granddad. Interviewer: I see. 165: He was dead before I was {X} don't know a thing about him. Interviewer: I see. 165: But my grand dad parents on my mama's side Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: And my grandpapa On my daddy's side he didn't live I I did know them but he didn't live long. Interviewer: Okay. 165: But I did never know my grandmama on my mama's side Interviewer: I see. What did your children your children call your father? Did they call him grandpa? 165: They didn't have to call him cuz he was dead before they were born. Interviewer: Oh yes. 165: yeah he died before I had any children. {NS: phone rings} Interviewer: And um Your grandchildren call you big momma? 165: Everybody in Plains call me big momma {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Well now they told me Ms. # 165: #2 {X} # {B} Well I mean the children all of them almost all the children call me their big momma. Interviewer: Uh huh. 165: #1 Well and # Interviewer: #2 {D: They going they go by gone this something} # 165: Hey big momma hey big momma Interviewer: I'll say. Okay well now uh {NW} What your grandchildren called your husband what did they? 165: called him daddy Interviewer: Just daddy? Okay. 165: But he died. My grandchildren you mean. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: Mm oh. He died before they was they was very little. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And um. Your sons and daughters together are called your you say this these are all my 165: Daughters. Interviewer: #1 He was their sons and daughters # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You just say these are 165: My children. Interviewer: And uh uh A little something with wheels on it you put a baby in you call a 165: A carriage. Interviewer: Okay and when you take the baby out to in it you say your going to do what to it? 165: Took to them to the carriage. Interviewer: Put the baby in the carriage 165: #1 Y- # Interviewer: #2 And go out and # 165: Yep. {X} Interviewer: Okay. 165: Quiet him. Interviewer: And uh. Talking about your boys uh Which one was the oldest? How would you say that he was which one 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: of my boys} # 165: Richard the oldest. Interviewer: He's the what? 165: Richard is t- Richard is my oldest boy. Interviewer: Okay and what about maybe not just of his age but maybe the one who always seemed most uh responsible was that Richard too or one of the others? 165: oh that's my baby boy. Interviewer: Is that right and how would you say that he's my most what? How would you describe him? 165: Well I don't know somehow or other they think I sent him on to school. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 165: #2 {NW} # Well the rest didn't wanna go you see how that is. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 165: #2 {X} # And he wanted to go. And he tried to work to help hisself though and so. Interviewer: Where'd he go? 165: He went to high school. finish high school. {X} Left. Went to Brooklyn. {X} Didn't come back until the {X} {NS} doctor and dentist working. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: He done that hisself {X} {X} Interviewer: And is he in New York now? 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And he's working? 165: Yes he working. Interviewer: As a? In? In a hospital or 165: No he not working in a hospital. He changed jobs About five years ago. He's he say left for Tennessee took up another course and uh sent back here for his uh he lost his uh diploma he sent back for it told me to go over there to the school and get his um Interviewer: Diploma? 165: yes and recommendations from it. And they sent me to the Uh superintendent. He said he couldn't give it to me. Wherever he wanted to be working he had to have it and uh {X} They said he couldn't give it to him but he Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 tell him to go right then # {X} Be there at Monday morning he said his recommendation would be there he wasn't allowed give it out Interviewer: Sure. 165: So when got there {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay Well in talking about him how would you say that he's the the the grown up-est the most grown up {D: the most something} 165: He is my baby boy Interviewer: yeah but he's the the one that did the most 165: He {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The wanted to do the what? 165: {X} Interviewer: Alright. And uh Your um Oh yes what about the way that eh if a woman is going to have a child how how would you say that? She's? 165: Pregnant? Interviewer: Okay do you remember how many that used to say that when they maybe wanted to talk a little nicer or something? Any other ways of saying that besides pregnant? Might say she's 165: See what they used to say {X} know nothing about that {D: when I'd come home.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: {X} {X} Interviewer: You mean uh when the you didn't actually know about uh uh 165: nothing about how a baby was to be born or nothing. Interviewer: Is that right? 165: #1 No I # Interviewer: #2 Even after you were married? # 165: That's right. Interviewer: Is that right? 165: {X} I didn't know. I thought calling a doctor that was just it you's {X} Interviewer: Sure. 165: Shut the door you couldn't see out of it. {X} Dad called hisself the best doctor in Plains and we let living out there on the farm Momma was and I went home you know {X} Interviewer: Sure. 165: Doctor said come out there. {X} {D: One} In uh read the paper And I was just having a fit Interviewer: #1 The the doctor read the paper? # 165: #2 {X} # Read the newspaper gave me a shot and read the paper and you know I had to do something then {NW} It was Interviewer: Mercy. What about uh a woman that maybe is not a doctor that helps out then? {NS} 165: Oh {NS} From then on I had midwives Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: I said {X} Interviewer: Sure. Well do they have any of them around now? 165: I think one or two. {X} Wait just one minute. Interviewer: {X} If you uh if you wanna ask somebody uh how many times about something you might say uh oh how do you go to town how uh {NS} What word would you put in there if you wanna know where they went? Every week or twice a week how? 165: I did it go to town once a week or Interviewer: yeah How how would you say how? 165: How often do you go to town? Interviewer: Okay. And if you're uh talking with a friend and uh uh he says uh I'm not going to do something and you agree with him that that's not a good idea you might say well you might say well I'm not gonna vote for that guy and you might say well 165: I don't vote {NW} Interviewer: #1 Alright well you were # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: yeah you might say I'm 165: #1 I I don't # Interviewer: #2 I am gonna vote # but if he says that he's not gonna vote for him and you're agreeing with him that you're not going to vote for him either you might say well me 165: #1 I'm not # Interviewer: #2 I # 165: I'm not gonna vote for him. Interviewer: yeah. And somebody else might say well me neither or me 165: Me either. Interviewer: Okay. Uh And uh This part of your uh face is your 165: Forehead. {NS} Interviewer: And uh if you go to the man goes to uh uh the barber you might say he wants to get his 165: Hair cut. Interviewer: Or if he doesn't 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 shave # Huh? 165: A shave. Interviewer: Uh-huh and if he doesn't shave around here he's growing a 165: Beard. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If you're if somebody is uh hunting for the pencil and they've got it sticking up here you might say its well its right behi- 165: #1 right # Interviewer: #2 right # 165: behind your ear Interviewer: Okay and if he he you wanna tell him it's the one on this side you say it's your? 165: Right or your left. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If somebody is mumbling one of the children maybe and you can't understand what they're saying you might say well take that chewing gum out of your 165: Mouth and I can understand what you said. Interviewer: Alright. And uh if uh baby starts coughing when he's uh eating or something you might say he's got a uh look he's got a chicken bone stuck in his? 165: Throat. Interviewer: Okay. And this whole part of your body you call your? 165: Neck. Interviewer: And uh what about this little part right here? 165: I call it the goose. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And that's just that little thing 165: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 right there? # Okay. And if you go to the dentist you want him to look at your? 165: Teeth. Interviewer: Okay and how's that? 165: {D: Go and look at your teeth} Interviewer: And uh if one has a cavity and you say I'll have to fill that. 165: Fill it up {X} Interviewer: K. And they're all teeth and one is a? This one 165: Teeth. Interviewer: yeah. Okay uh You might say uh I think this {X} is hurting then 165: {X} Interviewer: The front what? 165: #1 Teeth biggest front teeth here # Interviewer: #2 The front # Okay. And what do you call the uh uh the place up around the teeth? 165: Gums. Interviewer: And uh you might say to somebody look at that uh that baby bird it's so small you could hold it in the of your hand. 165: In your hand. Interviewer: In the what? 165: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: How's that? 165: Palm. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 of your hand. # Interviewer: And if uh somebody got mad and he did this he doubled up both {NS} 165: Fists. Interviewer: Okay or he just took one and did it like this you might say well {X} Uh you might say he shook his 165: Fists. Interviewer: Alright. And uh any place uh where you bend your finger or your arm are called the 165: It's called your elbow. Interviewer: Okay but what do you call all of those like 165: Knees Interviewer: yeah but the places where they join together you say have you got 165: Joints. Interviewer: Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: {X} Uh and the upper part of a man's body is called his? 165: That that's his chest across there Interviewer: Uh and if he's real strong you might say he has really broad? 165: Shoulders. Interviewer: And uh You may uh uh Do you remember they talked about the height of a horse they would didn't say the horse isn't so many feet high but so many 165: Inches? Interviewer: Uh well apparently they use this what do you call this? These are your two These are your two? 165: Hands. Interviewer: Okay and this is your? And this is your? 165: Right and left. Interviewer: Okay that was what I was asking about sometimes apparently they measured horses' height in hands They say he's sixteen hands high or something like that. Okay. Um. Uh {NS} And uh You might say well this part of the body is the 165: Your leg and your thigh Interviewer: And uh 165: #1 foot. # Interviewer: #2 they # 165: #1 Ankle. # Interviewer: #2 your # And one is a foot and two are your? 165: Ankle. {X} Interviewer: And you say well both my 165: Feet. Interviewer: Okay. And uh How was that? 165: Both my feet. {NW} Interviewer: And uh {X} What about this part of your leg right here if you stumble and fall and bruise yourself right here you say I hurt my 165: lay right on the shank Interviewer: Okay. That's the front part of the leg right about 165: yeah. Interviewer: And uh What about this part of your thighs right here if you're you're squatting down you say I'm squatting down on my? 165: Hips {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh Any other way that you talk about squatting down maybe to pick vegetables in the garden or anything? or pull weeds how would you say if somebody's trying to bend over you might say well get down on 165: On your knees. Interviewer: Okay. Uh would you ever use uh Hunker down to do something? or to squat like to squat down no? 165: Yes You say squat down. Interviewer: And if somebody's been sick awhile but he's up now but he still looks you might say well he still looks a little bit 165: Pale to me. Interviewer: Okay. Any other way of saying pale? 165: No they look like he still sick. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If somebody who can lift really large loads you might say my If you can lift something uh big heavy sack of grain or something you might say he's really 165: Strong. Interviewer: Okay and somebody who's very easy to get along with is you might say he's very 165: I like him because he's easy to get along with. Interviewer: Okay. Uh And what about somebody who just maybe a boy in his teens is just real maybe always falling over his feet how would you say he's so? 165: Clumsy. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody Is always doing something that doesn't make sense you might say about him oh that 165: That boy is awful. Interviewer: Okay. yeah well just a word for him he's a real 165: Bad boy. Interviewer: Okay. And what about somebody who just won't spend any money at all. What would you call him? 165: He gets stingy. Interviewer: Okay. Ever use tightwad another word tightwad for somebody {X} just stingy? Um What about uh If you can if somebody asks about something that's is just can be found anywhere you say well that's real 165: Easy to find look behind you it's easy I say {X} Interviewer: Okay. 165: Table there. Interviewer: Okay and something that's not unusual at all is very c- very common? do you say common? 165: Common yes. Interviewer: Do you ever use that about a person? Would you ever use she's a real common person or he's a real common person? 165: Yes sometimes. Interviewer: And does that mean that {NW} that they're just plain every day folks 165: Yes and the same thing everyday. Interviewer: Okay. In other words it's it's complimentary it doesn't mean that they're trashy or anything like that? 165: No. Interviewer: Just if you say she's just somebody enjoyed just everyday they're 165: The same thing everyday. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Alright if uh If there's uh uh uh A man let's say approaching a hundred or some such but he's still very active and doesn't show his age and still likes uh is interested in everything how would you? Interviewer: Okay. An older person who is very active and interested in everything you might say well he's still very? 165: Active in his age. Interviewer: Okay any other uh ways of saying that? to spry? 165: He's smart and spry. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh what about uh how would you uh what word would you use to describe children that are just busy all the time and interested in everything and always excited about life what would you say about them? 165: {X} That child there is loves to play. Interviewer: Okay uh. If uh if the children are out later than usual and maybe you're a little bit worried you might say well I feel a little bit? 165: I feel worried about 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Uh would you use easy that way? It'd be easy on your mind about something or I might say I'm a little bit 165: Word look like I'd hear something Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 165: #2 {X} # You're gonna get cold or something Interviewer: #1 Do you ever use uneasy? # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: to mean when you worry about something? 165: I just say I'm worried. Interviewer: Okay. Oh What would somebody say if they they they don't wanna go upstairs in the dark? 165: #1 I ain't # Interviewer: #2 Um. # 165: going up there in that dark. Interviewer: I'm a 165: I'm afraid. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you were to say well When she was a little girl she Uh She isn't afraid now but she? 165: Was when she was little, she'd go anyway. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Maybe well say she's not a bit afraid now but when she was a little girl she was, she? 165: She was afraid when she was little, she been afraid all her life. Interviewer: Uh-huh. She uh uh she used to be afraid but she's oh you said she used to be? 165: She used to be afraid but she ain't now she'll go anywhere. {NW} {X} Interviewer: Okay how would you talking about maybe an older person you might say nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy but sometimes she acts kind of? 165: She act kind of silly. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Any other ways you might say that? 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Just # 165: She's always been mean Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Any other word kind of like silly that you might use? Uh when you just you know she's likely to do one thing 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Would you use queer to talk about uh If she di- if you don't know what she's going to do. What what does the word uh uh queer mean? Uh the the younger people now think maybe use it to mean like homosexual do you know what uh to mean silly or uh. 165: {X} acting silly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you've never used the word queer? 165: Uh no I wouldn't cuz I hadn't thought of it. Interviewer: You hadn't 165: #1 {D: Yea no} # Interviewer: #2 thought of that word. # Alright you ever hear the younger kids use it? 165: No they hear them say everything Interviewer: Yeah. 165: you don't know Interviewer: Uh Okay. 165: Anything. Interviewer: Okay w- have you ever heard some of them talk about oh Mr. so and so well he's a queer. 165: I hear {X} say uh Mr. so and so is a mean man or Interviewer: Okay. Okay. What about if um If you're talking about a man who's so sure of his own ways and he never wants to change he doesn't want to change his mind or anything. You might say to him well don't be so 165: Don't be so sure you're right all the time. Interviewer: Okay. What about a word like uh ornery or? pigheaded or bullheaded or muleheaded you ever say anything like that to mean that? 165: {NW} You say he's a A pighead man he's pigheaded. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what about somebody that you can't joke with um because he might lose his temper all the time. you might say you can't joke with him he's mighty 165: Easy to get mad. Interviewer: uh And you might say well I was just kidding with you I didn't know you'd get uh? 165: Mad. Interviewer: And if somebody's about to lose his temper you might say don't get mad just keep? Keep? 165: Keep quiet don't Interviewer: Okay what about to keep calm? Would you say that? 165: Yes. Interviewer: How would you say that? 165: You gotta keep quiet about it that's how you get you can get mad in the head. Interviewer: Uh-huh would you use calm? 165: No I'd say quiet. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 165: #2 {D: They} # They all gone I have to shut this back door I don't want nobody Interviewer: If you've been working very hard You wanna tell somebody you're just completely 165: Tired and wore out. Interviewer: Okay. And if a person has been quite well and you hear suddenly that they have some disease or that they just went very suddenly at the hospital you might say well just last night she 165: She was talking to me just last night. Interviewer: And what happened how would you tell about her getting sick, she all a sudden she? 165: I didn't think nothing would ail her Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: But you'd never know. Interviewer: How would you if you phoned somebody you heard last night uh Mary? 165: her sick Interviewer: Okay was sick? 165: Got sick. Interviewer: Okay. Well you And uh But you wanna say well uh Uh she's right sick now but she'll be better by? 165: In a few days I think. Interviewer: Okay uh. And if a person sat in the uh uh draft and uh began to cough and sneeze and everything you might say well last night he? 165: {X} I know you were going to have a cold. Sitting out there in that {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay and uh You might say well don't uh don't stay out there and get wet you may 165: Have a cold. Interviewer: Okay. Would you uh be more likely to say take a cold or catch a cold or get a cold 165: Catch a cold. Interviewer: And if somebody's suddenly they're voice is changing because of the cold you might say well he caught a cold and it affected his voice he's? 165: Hoarse. Interviewer: And uh uh if he is always going {NW} You might say well you've got a bad? 165: Cold. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay and this right here you call a {NW} 165: A cough. Interviewer: Okay. How was that? 165: Call it a cough. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody says well I just gotta go to bed I'm feeling a little bit? 165: Bad. Interviewer: #1 Well just like you need to go to sleep. I? # 165: #2 {NW} # sleep or something. Interviewer: Okay. You could say well I'll take a little nap I'll wake up at? At six oh clock I'll 165: I may feel better. Interviewer: #1 Okay and the # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Just say you're going to sleep but you're I'll just go and tell the children. Now you slept long enough. You've got to 165: Get up. Interviewer: Okay uh. And if you tell somebody to go in there to uh to awaken someone who is asleep you might say well go in and her up now. 165: {NW} And wake 'em up. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If uh somebody's sick and the medicine's by the bed you might say well why haven't you The medicine's that they should have 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 already had # 165: took your own medicine. right out your hand. Interviewer: Okay. And the patient might answer and say well yesterday I? 165: Taken it. Interviewer: Okay and I'll some more later I'll what? some more later? 165: Taken it. Interviewer: Okay I don't wanna take it right now I'll 165: Take it later Interviewer: Okay. And if you can't hear anything you might say well I'm just completely stone 165: deaf right in head Interviewer: Okay uh. And if he's not quite all the way deaf you might say well he's just a little bit 165: hard of hearing Interviewer: Okay. And if someone began to to swim and he was working by the time he's finished you might say well he was out in the sun and he a lot he 165: Yeah he sweated a lot. got wet all over Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do you call a some kind of a sore that comes and has a drain in it it might have a hard place in the middle of it. Uh 165: He got some kind of itch. Interviewer: Okay but if it's just one place you know and it uh gets hard and swells up and maybe finally starts draining 165: #1 a # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 165: rising. Interviewer: Okay a rising or what about a word that begins with a b that's uh that's like a rising? 165: {NW} Interviewer: And what do you 165: Carbuncle? Interviewer: Okay. 165: I had one of them once. Interviewer: Yeah? And if a is there another word for a rising or a carbuncle? She's got a lot of 'em. D'you ever know Boil? 165: Boil yes I- Interviewer: And what when a boil opens, the stuff that drains out is called? 165: Corruption. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have an infection in your hand so that your hand got bigger than it was you might say my hand is all? 165: Swelled up. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say to somebody well if it's not infected it probably won't won't get bigger it probably won't 165: Get any bigger. Interviewer: Okay it won't s-? 165: {X} warm salty water that's good. That's what I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. And if you got a blister what do you call the liquid that forms inside of it? 165: Water. Interviewer: And in the war for example if uh a soldier gets a bullet in his arm you say he's got a? A bad? 165: Arm? Interviewer: Right and what do you call the actual place? where he has the bullet in or the uh the hurt uh If somebody got shot or stabbed you'd say we've gotta go get a doctor to look at that? 165: That's a bad cut. Interviewer: Okay uh. Do you ever use wound? 165: Wound. Interviewer: Okay. And what about if there's a wound and it doesn't heal and it gets a hard granular kind of white substance around it and sometimes it has to be cut out or burned out with oil on it some kind of You ever heard of some kind of flesh? No? You ever heard of proud flesh? 165: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: #1 Proud what is? # 165: #2 Proud flesh. # Interviewer: What is how is that? 165: {X} proud flesh they say Interviewer: Oh yeah? 165: #1 from # Interviewer: #2 From a injury or a # 165: Bad teeth you know and th- Interviewer: Okay If you just had a little cut on your finger what might you put on it to keep it from getting infected? 165: I always put curocome Interviewer: Okay. And is there another one like uh curocome that's red too 165: And iodine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what are the used to be given as a tonic for malaria? 165: Uh. {X} Interviewer: Why? Where or? 165: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh. If a man was shot And he didn't recover you might say well he? last night he? 165: He died. Interviewer: Okay. Any ways that are not quite not a little bit nicer way of saying that you might say to the person's family or reverend? 165: He passed. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. What about a kind of joking term uh that for somebody to say that somebody died? A humorous way Or somebody might say about somebody they didn't like or maybe someone was real stingy or something I'm glad that old skincliff finally? 165: {NW} Died. Interviewer: Okay you- what about kick the bucket? 165: That's right. Interviewer: You've heard of kick the 165: #1 Kick # Interviewer: #2 bucket? # 165: the bucket I sure have. Interviewer: Okay and uh. If somebody died and you wanna know why you might say well I don't know what he died? 165: with but Interviewer: Okay. And uh. The place where people are buried is usually called the? 165: Cemetery. Interviewer: Okay and Are there any other words for cemetery that? 165: Graveyard. Interviewer: And what When do you use one and when do you use the other? 165: Uh Interviewer: Cemetery and graveyard? Or they about the same? 165: They're about the same it's the same. Interviewer: And the box that people are buried in is the? 165: Coffin. Interviewer: And uh. The old time ones that used to be made out of wood uh maybe that were wider and tapered towards the ankles were they called anything else? 165: That's what they called the coffin ain't it? Interviewer: Okay that's a coffin. What about the word casket? 165: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: #1 Use the # 165: #2 That's right casket. # Interviewer: Okay if you say well so and so is a very important man or everybody liked him just everybody turned out for his? 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 When he died # 165: His funeral. Interviewer: And if the family are dressed in black and are very sad or maybe just get out of control lose control when someone dies you might say they are? 165: I say they took it mighty hard. Interviewer: Okay. What about a word to describe just when they all dress in black? How do you say that they're dressed in? 165: All of them dressed in black. Interviewer: Mm-kay uh. Do you use uh the word for if they're dressed in black are uh at the- the matter of grieving for somebody do you use the word mourning? 165: Yes mourning. Interviewer: Okay. How would you use that in a sentence tell me how you'd 165: The- they're mourning all of them are dressed in black. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. If somebody says to you well uh how you doing today and you might say oh 165: Oh very well. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody's uh very troubled about something you might say oh it'll come out alright don't 165: Don't worry Interviewer: And the disease in the joints older people sometimes have is called 165: Arthritis. Interviewer: And 165: {X} Interviewer: Rheu-? 165: Rheumatism that's all the same which I have. Interviewer: Uh-huh that's bad. 165: Can't hardly get about {X} Interviewer: Okay and what about a very sore throat uh? People used to get an infection with blisters in there and it was very serious. 165: Say they had their tonsils need mostly taken out when their sore throat gets so Interviewer: #1 right. # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Well a lot of the time I think they have uh uh a shot or a vaccination now that takes care of one that uh children used to die of. 165: Diphtheria. Got a niece that dry with it Interviewer: Yeah? Now what about a disease that makes your skin look yellowish? Your eyes turn yellow? 165: Yellow jaundice? Interviewer: And if you have your appendix taken out you say well I had an attack of 165: Appendicitis. Interviewer: And if somebody ate something that didn't agree with it wouldn't stay down you'd say well he had to? 165: Uh he had indigestion. Interviewer: Okay and if the food came back up he? 165: Vomit. Interviewer: Okay and any other ways that you might say that or the children might say that? 165: She gonna {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay you what about throw up or? 165: Yes throw up. Interviewer: But you'd be more likely to say? 165: Vomit I would. Interviewer: Okay uh and you don't you don't know of a joking way to say that? 165: I can't stand vomit. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh vomit and throw up does one word sound uh uh a little more like a politer word? 165: I think I'd rather say vomit Interviewer: Okay and uh If a person vomited you'd say he was sick 165: On the stomach. Interviewer: Okay. Sick where? 165: On the stomach. Interviewer: Okay and If you were talking about someone who was sharing a piece of news you might say well as soon as she got the news she came right over 165: And told me. Interviewer: And if you invite someone to come to see you and you wanna tell them that you'll be real disappointed if they don't come you might say now he don't come I'll? 165: I'll sure be disappointed. Interviewer: Okay and uh If uh if you're you're telling me that you and you're daughter are would uh- would both be very glad to see me you might say well we we be glad to see how would you say that? 165: I'd be glad to see you. Interviewer: Okay. What about any other word besides glad? We'll be real? 165: Proud. Interviewer: Okay. Would you use both of those? 165: Either one. Interviewer: And if a child is naughty you might say if you do that again I'll? 165: Whoop you. Interviewer: Uh If uh Would you ever say I'm gonna go and whip you or I'm gonna 165: I'm gonna whoop you. Interviewer: And how would you say Uh if a young man is very interested in a young girl how would you say that he's what her? He's? 165: He and her are mighty close together. Interviewer: Okay. Would you you- think of any old ways that they might say that uh he's talking to her he's keeping company with her or sparking or paying 'em attention any ways? 165: Uh they say he's be saying he's must be they must be fixing to get engaged {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what do they call him they say he's her? 165: Boyfriend. Interviewer: And she's his? 165: Girlfriend. Interviewer: Okay and if he comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother might say oh you've been? 165: Kissing. Interviewer: Okay. And if they were going together and he asks her to marry him but she turns him down how would you say that? He asked her to marry him but she? 165: Turned him down. Interviewer: And if they were going together and just for no reason and for no reason at all and quite suddenly and she said no I'm not going see you anymore how would you say that she what him she? 165: She quit him {X} Interviewer: She quit him okay. And uh uh if somebody comes to see you and you didn't you thought they were just engaged but they say no we just got 165: Married. Interviewer: And at a wedding the man who stands up with the groom is the? You know a friend who stands up with him what do they? 165: have a friend uh just to be there to stand up with him Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a girl that stands up with the bride would you have a? 165: She have a friend of her Interviewer: Okay well the word uh uh the bridesmaid? 165: Yes. Interviewer: And what about the guy who stands up with the groom is he the? 165: He the Interviewer: Best man? 165: Best man. Interviewer: groomsman 165: Best man. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 The best man. # Interviewer: What about do you remember a long time ago I don't think they do it much anymore when somebody got married and went to live in their new home might have a real noisy crowd of people come and stand around outside and maybe sort of make noise and uh maybe even shoot pistols or rifles off you ever he- remember anything like this? 165: No. Interviewer: No? You ever heard of the word chivaree? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. uh And uh how would you describe uh going to the town around here like if you were in Americus yesterday you might say well I was? 165: In Americus yesterday. Interviewer: Okay well would you ever say I was uh up to or down to 165: Uptown. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 165: Yesterday. Interviewer: Okay would you use down for another town down 165: Yes. Interviewer: #1 How would you use give an example? # 165: #2 {X} # Downtown. You going downtown? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And is there a town near here that you might say well I'm going over What's the nearest town on out this way uh? This is highway uh this this 165: #1 Preston # Interviewer: #2 road # 165: I'm going to Preston. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say I'm going over there? 165: oh yes I say I'm going over to Preston Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about when you were going to, you getting coffee? 165: No that's a they coming back {X} Interviewer: Oh. Okay. Uh What about uh Okay and uh what about if I uh was asking you about someone and uh he is you know at the Browns uh uh uh living with them you might say well He lives the Browns. 165: Say he live over there with the Browns. Interviewer: Okay and if the Browns lived a good way away how would you say that? 165: #1 He live # Interviewer: #2 He lives # 165: He live with the Browns Interviewer: What if its ten or twenty miles away? 165: I say well he live with the Browns you have to go about ten miles to get there. Interviewer: Okay. Would you be likely to say down to the Browns or up to the Browns according to which way it was? 165: Yes. I say over down. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if there was a party and there was trouble there maybe the police came you might say well the police came and arrested the 165: Whole crew Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh If where young people like to go out to in the evening where they have music and maybe move around on the floor you might say they went to a 165: Dance. Interviewer: And if uh- if uh children get out of school at four o'clock you might say well its four o'clock school does what? 165: Be out at four. Interviewer: And uh after vacation when they're asking about the time to go back they might say well when does school? 165: Start back. Interviewer: And if a kid wa- left home to go to school but really didn't go what would you say he did? 165: He stayed home this morning. I don't know how come. Interviewer: Okay well what if his mother thought he went to school? And he uh 165: And he didn't go. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say uh skipped or played played 165: Hooky. I say he played hooky today. Interviewer: Okay uh and Why do they go to school you say well people go to school to get an 165: Education. Interviewer: And after high school you may go on to? 165: College. Interviewer: And after kindergarten the children go to school go to kindergarten they're five years old, Well then when they're six they go to the 165: School and they Interviewer: #1 and they # 165: #2 be more prepared. # Interviewer: Right and they'll be in after kindergarten they'll be in which grade? The- 165: First grade. Interviewer: Okay and if you're sitting in school you're sitting in a? 165: School. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the thing you sit at like if I say somebody left a note on my? 165: Desk. Interviewer: And the whole room there has a lot of new? 165: Desks. Interviewer: And the building is especially made for books is called the Place where you go to check out books? 165: Library. Interviewer: Okay how's that? 165: The library. Interviewer: And you go to mail a post well to mail a letter or a package you have to go to the 165: Post office. Interviewer: Okay if you go to another town and you don't have family or friends there it's a strange town you probably stay over night in a? 165: Motel hotel. Interviewer: And if you go to see a play you'll go to the? or a movie? 165: {X} {X} Interviewer: Theat-? 165: Theater. {X} Interviewer: And if you have a operation you have to go to the? 165: Hospital. Interviewer: And you're taken care in the hospital you're taking care of a? you're taken care of by 165: #1 to the doctors # Interviewer: #2 someone # 165: #1 nurses # Interviewer: #2 the doctors? # Okay and uh. A doctor and a? 165: Nurses. Interviewer: And you catch a train at the? 165: Station. Interviewer: Okay and what's another way of saying station? Older word maybe down to the? 165: Depot. Interviewer: And a open place in the city and there's not one down in the Americus downtown but a square like maybe where there are uh maybe grass and trees maybe the area around the courthouse What would that be called? 165: Park. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody walks across where two streets come together instead of walking across this street and across that one if he goes diagonally across you might say well he's walking? 165: Across the street. Interviewer: Okay. Have you got a word that would mean that if instead of going just straight across the street he angles off and goes that way? He's not walking the right way going straight across he's going? You ever heard of kitty-corner catty-corner? 165: Catty-cornering Interviewer: And you wouldn't say it? 165: No ma'am Interviewer: Okay. And uh The vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire up ahead Did you have that around here. 165: No. Interviewer: They they call 'em city streaks they go on a rail sometimes. 165: What they call 'em trolley? Interviewer: Tro-? 165: Trolley. Interviewer: Okay. And you might tell the bus driver the next car is where I wanna? 165: Get off. Interviewer: And uh there may be several small towns in a county but the principle one where the government is is goes on is called the 165: Capital. Interviewer: Okay or the county? You might have heard them say the county capital or the county seat or? You might say well Plains is where I live but Americus is really the You'd say the capital? 165: Atlanta the capital Interviewer: of capital the state right 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Just of Sumter County # {X} 165: Sumter county {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: And uh you might well say in Atlanta is where all of the what takes place? 165: {X} Interviewer: The state? It's not the federal but it's the state 165: Capital Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you work at the post office you say well I'm working for the 165: Government. Interviewer: Okay. And the police in the town are supposed to keep what? 165: Oh Supposed to keep a record. Interviewer: Okay and uh to keep a maybe from uh there being uh traffic violations and uh fights you might say well they keep uh uh they maintain maybe put something with order they maintain 165: the order law and order. Interviewer: What? 165: Keep the law and order. Interviewer: Okay. And that uh that fight between the Northern and the Southern states back at uh uh at the- the time of freedom is called the what war? {NW} forgot that one? Well have you heard any of these used for it? The Civil War, the War of the States, the Confederate War? 165: Yes ma'am I heard of them. Interviewer: Which one would you think you heard most? 165: Confederate War. Interviewer: Okay. And if uh Before they had the electric chair a murderer was uh was what he was? 165: Electrocuted. Interviewer: Before they had the electric chair. 165: They hung 'em. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say well uh. If someone killed himself that way you might say he went out and 165: Murder hisself. Interviewer: Okay and to say he did it this way you'd 165: He hung hisself. Interviewer: Alright. Okay now here are a few uh a few states uh What's the the name of the biggest, oh well, the state that's got the biggest city in it is what, in- in America? Is- New? 165: {X} New York. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Baltimore is in? 165: Maryland. Interviewer: And uh Richmond is the capital of? 165: Virginia. Interviewer: And uh uh Raleigh is in? Mm 165: North Carolina Interviewer: Okay uh can you talk a little louder? 165: North Carolina. Interviewer: Okay that's {X} Scoot that up a little bit more there. Okay. And uh Columbia o- is uh Not North Carolina but 165: South Carolina Interviewer: Okay and our state is? 165: Georgia. Interviewer: And just uh just south of us where everybody goes for vacation is? 165: Alabama? Interviewer: And uh the one down that's where all the oranges grow? 165: Florida. Interviewer: And uh Down uh Baton Rouge is the capital of? Loui-? 165: Louisiana. Interviewer: And uh the Bluegrass state is up north of here on the other side of Tennessee is? Ken- 165: Kentucky. Interviewer: Okay and between us and Kentucky is the one I just mentioned? T-? 165: Tennessee. Interviewer: And uh uh the state uh there's a wall it's uh that was {NW} the state was real famous for and there was a President who was from this state and he played the piano They say do you remember the Show Me State it's called, Mis-? Miss-? Missouri? Missouri? 165: {X} Interviewer: Say it. Will you say it out for me? 165: Missouri. Interviewer: Okay. Little Rock is the capital of? 165: Kansas. Interviewer: Okay and there's one uh that's kinda like Kansas but its has Ark in front of it Ark? 165: Arkansas. Interviewer: Okay and uh uh Jackson is the capital of M- Miss-? 165: Mississippi. Interviewer: And the Lone Star State out west the big western state where all the ranches and cattle are, the cowboys as- Te- 165: Tennessee. Interviewer: uh the great big one out there Tex- 165: Texas. Interviewer: And Tulsa is in O- O- 165: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Okay and Boston up east is in? Ma- 165: Massachusetts Interviewer: And all of the states up there not the southern states or the western states but those up east are called the N-? New E-? New England? 165: New England State. Interviewer: Okay. And the biggest city in Maryland is? Ba-? Balt-? 165: Baltimore. Interviewer: Okay. And the capital of the whole United States is? Wash-? 165: Washington. Interviewer: And what are what after that 165: #1 D-C # Interviewer: #2 they say? # D-C Okay. And uh the biggest city in Missouri it's got a real famous blues song named for it, it's Saint? 165: Louis. Interviewer: Okay how is that? 165: Saint Louis. Interviewer: Okay and then in South Carolina big town that has a sea port is? Ch-? Charle-? 165: Charleston. Interviewer: And the big town in Alabama is? Bir-? 165: Birmingham. Interviewer: And in Illinois is the big city is? Ch-? 165: Chicago. Interviewer: How's that? 165: Chicago. Interviewer: Okay. And the capital of Alabama is? Mon-? 165: Montgomery. Interviewer: And the one, another big town in Alabama is down in the Gulf is Mo-? Mobile? 165: Mobile Alabama. Interviewer: And uh another city over in North Carolina in the mountains? Ash-? Ash-? You know Asheville? 165: Asheville. Interviewer: You heard, how is that? 165: {X} Interviewer: Uh You ever traveled up in there? 165: No. Interviewer: Uh Asheville did you would you say that one for me? 165: Asheville. Interviewer: Okay. And in- in Tennessee there's uh. What are some towns in Tennessee? Kno- 165: Knoxville Tennessee. Interviewer: And the one up there on the border Ch-? 165: Chattanooga. Interviewer: Okay how's that? 165: Chattanooga Tennessee. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the big city in west Tennessee where the blues was started, Beale Street Blues you know about that one? Mem-? 165: Memphis. Interviewer: #1 And # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The city where Martin Luther King was killed? The capital is? N-? Na-? 165: Nashville. Interviewer: Okay. And of course the largest city in Georgia is? 165: Atlanta. Interviewer: Okay and our seaport over there is S-? Savan-? Still in Georgia, Sav-? 165: Sylvester? Interviewer: Syl- uh-huh and over on the coast is another one sounds kinda like that Savan-? 165: Savannah Georgia. Interviewer: And uh then the biggest city in southern Georgia is? Still kinda north of here, M-? Mac-? 165: Maconville. Interviewer: uh then there's another one that's named for uh the uh guy that discovered America, Co-? Colum-? 165: Columbus. Interviewer: And uh The biggest city in Louisiana is famous for the Mardi Gras New? New Or-? 165: New Orleans. Interviewer: And the capital of Louisiana is? Baton baton? 165: Baton. Interviewer: Rouge? And the biggest city in Ohio is where the Reds and the Bengals play their home games is? Cin-? 165: Chicago. Interviewer: Cinci- 165: Cincinnati. Interviewer: Okay and the biggest city in Kentucky that's famous for the Derby is? Loui- 165: Louisiana. Interviewer: Loui-? 165: Louisville. Interviewer: Yeah. And uh If you're talking about going from this town to that town Somebody wants to know the distance you might say oh from Plains to Americus is about? 165: Ten miles. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if somebody asks you to go with him somewhere and you're not sure whether you want to go or not you might say oh I don't know it 165: Just look on the highway it's on the highway. Interviewer: #1 Yeah well that's # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Right. Now if someone's inviting you to ride somewhere and you don't know whether you want to go or not you might say well I might I'm not sure whether I really? 165: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 I'm not sure if, I'm not sure what # {X} 165: Whether I wanna go or not. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 165: #2 go or not # Interviewer: Okay. And if you have a very sick friend and he's not likely to get any better You might say uh it seems like to me that he 165: Not doing well. Interviewer: Okay and if you wanna Make it a little worse than that you might say, it seems like to me he's 165: Won't be long now. Interviewer: He's not gonna? 165: Make it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Uh if you were asked to go somewhere and maybe make a long trip without your daughter or somebody you might say well I won't go They go, I won't go 165: {X} trying to take the trip by myself I won't go that Interviewer: I won't go what? 165: I won't go without my daughter go Interviewer: Okay. And uh If uh uh you were doing some work and uh one of the girls was here with you and uh uh she didn't offer to help at all and you went on and did it but then you might say Well why did you sit around When you could a been helping me? Why did you sit around and 165: I got it bout done and it didn't go to heck. Interviewer: Okay well maybe she didn't even help at all and you wanna know why she did one thing instead of the other thing. Why did you sit around blank helping me? 165: and didn't help for any of it Interviewer: Inst- instead how would you? 165: Instead of sitting there reading. Interviewer: Okay. If a man is uh, if a person is funny and you enjoy talking to them you might- you might say why do you like him you might say I like him because? 165: He gets funny. Interviewer: Okay. 165: Friendly. Interviewer: Okay. And what are the names of the say some of the larger churches around here, what's the biggest church around here? Probably. 165: {B} Interviewer: Okay and if people become church members you might say well last Sunday they? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay when they actually became members of the church they say last Sunday Ms. Jones what the church they? 165: Joined the church. Interviewer: Okay. And in church you pray to? 165: Heaven. Interviewer: Okay and the person the being you pray to is? 165: Jesus. Interviewer: Okay or his father is? 165: The Lord. Interviewer: Jesus is the son of? 165: The living God. Interviewer: Okay. A little louder? 165: Son of the living God. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Alright and you say well Sunday the preacher preached a a good? 165: Sermon. Interviewer: And somebody will say I didn't so much enjoy the sermon I usually go to church to listen to the? 165: I'd say well better examine yourself sometimes you Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And maybe he uh maybe they have a very good pianist or organist in the choir and you might say well I don't really enjoy the sermon but I like to go listen to the 165: Singing. Interviewer: Okay. And uh somebody might say the choir and the organist provided good m-? 165: Music today. Interviewer: And uh talking about music you'd say that music is simply? 165: Good. Interviewer: Okay any other way you might say that? More than good it was just? 165: Fine. Interviewer: Beu- 165: Beautiful. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody was maybe on the way to church and they thought they had plenty of time but maybe they had a flat tire or something and they might say well for goodness sakes church will be over 165: When you get there. Interviewer: Okay. Or uh uh by the by the time I get there would you that? Alright. And the uh the enemy of God or the opposite of God is called the? There's God in heaven and then and 165: The Devil. Interviewer: Okay and he is uh uh uh Okay the opposite of God and oh If there's a na- uh a graveyard or an old house that's been empty uh. And uh People might be afraid to go around there and you say well there's nothing to be afraid of what are you afraid of? And they're going to say well I don't wanna go around there because there might be 165: {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # That what they used to say. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If there's a old house and uh they're afraid to go in they say don't go there that house is? 165: Haunted. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And uh if it's beginning to be winter and somebody's going out you might say well you better put a sweater on it's getting? 165: Cool. Interviewer: Alright it's it's getting? 165: Cold. Interviewer: A little bit uh chilly how would you say getting ra- getting? 165: Chilly out there today Interviewer: If somebody asks you do you wanna go and you say oh I might but I guess I'd r- 165: {X} stay home today Interviewer: How's that? 165: I'd rather stay home today. Interviewer: Okay. Um And if you uh {X} What do you say to a friend that you haven't seen for a long time how do you tell them that you're How do you 165: {X} so glad to see you Interviewer: Okay. And uh. How do you describe the amount of land that a man owns if it's a considerable amount you might say Well Mr. so and so owns Say he has five hundred acres of land how would you say that? That's a of land. 165: A lot of land. Interviewer: Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: so and so 165: Mister so and so. Interviewer: Okay any other ways of saying that? {X} just besides saying a lot you might say well he owns a 165: He owns just about all the land all the biggest the land around here. Interviewer: Okay would you ever use a right smart or something? 165: Yes. Interviewer: How would you say? 165: {NW} He owns the right smart of it. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use right smart any other ways? Uh besides maybe land would you use it to talk about uh pain? 165: Yeah Interviewer: #1 How? # 165: #2 I'd # say he right smart, he seems like he in right smart of pain today. Interviewer: What about the weather? Would you ever say it rained uh 165: A right smart. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. Uh. If you wanna say uh more than just well yes to something you might uh say a lot more enthusiasm for if somebody says Well will you be glad to see your- your grandson and daughter when they get back and you say why? 165: Sure I'll be glad Interviewer: Okay. And uh How would you if somebody says can you uh Can you take this recipe and fix it and you wanna say well Indeed so you might say why 165: Sure Interviewer: Okay. 165: I can fix it. Interviewer: Okay and uh. If somebody particularly disliked to go somewhere. You might say well now we've always enjoyed going over there but my grandson just 165: Don't wanna go Interviewer: Okay. He just disliked that place tremendously, he just the place he 165: #1 He just # Interviewer: #2 just what? # 165: don't like it over there. Interviewer: Okay more than dis- more than don't like it uh he just 165: Just don't like over there. Interviewer: Alright. And uh What uh are the different uh old little sort of uh exclamations that you make might make if you do something that you don't mean to uh uh to do or if you hurt yourself accidentally, like if you're trying to hammer and you hit your finger you slam your finger you might say? 165: Ow. Interviewer: Okay. And what about uh uh sort of uh of of cussing maybe you wouldn't say it but maybe some of the men would something goes wrong when you hurt yourself would you ever, what else would a man would be likely to say? Little stronger than oh or ouch? 165: {NW} Hell I hit my hand. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about anything uh exclamation oh da- it? 165: Damn thing hurt. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. What other uh if you're just a little bitty excited about something you might say for goodness sake's or what other ways would you say that, oh? 165: {X} What is all that? Interviewer: Okay. What about if you're a little bit aggravated with yourself for doing something silly maybe you were cooking and you spill something and you might say oh 165: I messed the hell {X} Interviewer: Okay. Alright and if you're really surprised somebody suggests something to you and. Uh you're uh just disgust you you certainly wouldn't do that and you don't think they should've mentioned it or somebody says Well uh uh would you take something that belongs to somebody else? You might say why the? of course I wouldn't the? 165: That's a no I wouldn't take it. Interviewer: Okay the very? 165: {X} I don't I wouldn't do that. Interviewer: Okay I wouldn't do that the very I? 165: I'd rather not do it Interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you ever say the idea, the very idea or? 165: That's The wrong idea I wouldn't do it Interviewer: Okay. And uh. If you meet uh Somebody and uh they say good morning to you what would you probably say next to them? 165: Good morning. Interviewer: And then you might say well how? 165: How you do this morning? Interviewer: Okay If you're introduced to a stranger What might you say? 165: Glad to meet you. Interviewer: {X} and you might uh uh and if and he might say I'm glad to meet you and you might say? How 165: How are you? Interviewer: Okay. And if someone has been to your home and you've enjoyed having them you might say to them well come? 165: When you coming back? Interviewer: Okay. 165: #1 Come any # Interviewer: #2 Come {X} # 165: anytime. Interviewer: Come agai-? 165: Come again. Anytime. Just glad to have you. Interviewer: Okay and when you see somebody on the twenty-fifth of December you're likely to say to them? 165: Christmas {X} Interviewer: Okay or M- 165: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: And if you see somebody on the first of January you're likely to say? Ha-? 165: Happy New Year Interviewer: And uh By way of appreciation in addition to saying ar- Instead of saying thank you what else might you say I'm much? 165: obli- Interviewer: And uh If you're not sure whether you have time to do something or not you might say I? I'll have time I? 165: I don't know Interviewer: Okay. 165: whether I have time or not. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and if you're just wondering whether or not you have time you might say well I- I um I? I guess I? 165: I guess I will if I have time. {X} Interviewer: And if you uh if you need to go to the grocery store you might say have to go downtown to do some? 165: Shopping. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word for shopping? Uh trading would you 165: #1 trading I go # Interviewer: #2 eve- # 165: {X} it's trade day {NW} Interviewer: Trade day? Okay if you make a purchase and a storekeeper might take a piece of paper and and what would he do with it? if you go buy something you take a piece of paper and put it around it he did what? 165: He wrap it. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say well Uh uh this is all torn up he? When I bought it he? 165: Wrapped it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if a s- uh man Um. Buys something to sell And then uh if you say he buyed he bought uh something for five dollars but he he had to sell it for two fifty you might say well he had to sell it? 165: Cheaper than he Interviewer: oh 165: Bought it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Below cost or at a loss? Would you say 165: I'd say he had to sell it at a low cost and he lost. Interviewer: Okay. And if you look at something in the store and you think well I'd like to have that and then you ask about the price and you ci- decide that that you can't afford it then you might say well I'd like to have it but it? 165: It's too much. Interviewer: It what too much 165: costs too much Interviewer: It what? 165: Costs too much. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say well time to pay the bill, the bill is due the bill the first of the month you pay the bill, the bill is what? 165: Due the first. Interviewer: Okay. If you belong to a club you have to pay the? 165: Dues. Interviewer: And if you don't have any money you might go to a friend and try to 165: Borrow it. Interviewer: and uh if the banker is asked uh about uh making uh a loan and he might say now well I like to lend it to you but money is Uh money is? Uh if something is is hard to come by he might say well I'd like to lend it to you but uh Money is not uh easy to uh to find or what about this, if somebody goes hunting. and they come back and the didn't get anything and they say well hunting is not what it used to be, game is getting? 165: Scarce. Interviewer: Okay. and uh in swimming uh somebody might go up on the the springboard and into the water. 165: Dive in. Interviewer: Okay. And uh You might say uh Well as soon as he got there yesterday he? 165: {X} right on to the pool Interviewer: Okay. 165: dived in Interviewer: And, alright. And what? 165: Dived in. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody, if kids dive into the water and hit flat the they may say they call that a what do you know? 165: No. Interviewer: Uh. Uh you ever heard the kids talk about a belly flop, belly bust? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. If uh the children, little children are playing and they like to do something which is to put their head on the ground and then kick their feet up and go on over in a circle you say he turned a? 165: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: A what? 165: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Uh you ever heard what they call somerset? 165: No. Interviewer: Wheelbarrow when he goes like this? 165: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} And if somebody wanted to go across the river and it was too deep for him to wade across you might say well he he's going to have to 165: Swim across. {NW} Interviewer: And uh If someone went to the uh uh the river yesterday you might say well he went down there and yesterday he? 165: He swam alright yesterday. Interviewer: Okay and He had gone down there everyday this year he has gone down there and 165: Swim. Interviewer: Okay. Okay do you remember maybe a long time ago when {NW} people used to uh uh have an account at the the store at the grocery store and maybe just pay it after the crops were uh were harvested and maybe when they sold the things Do you remember anything about a storekeeper giving some kind of a little present when they payed the bill? 165: Yes. Interviewer: What did they call that? Do you remember? 165: Nah no I don't remember but I know he used to give my dad {X} you know and then I w- Interviewer: What would they give him? You remember? 165: Out on the farm I know one thing he always brought to us a sack of can and uh hand lotion any little thing but he'd always hand the children a sack of peppermint. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 165: #2 {X} # we was so glad I just look at the children these days Christmas all the time and we just Interviewer: Yeah. 165: Worked so hard. Interviewer: Yeah but that was pretty great to get the 165: #1 yea # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 165: I'd say we lived it pretty good. We had to work though but I enjoyed that life Interviewer: #1 Right # 165: #2 We # had a plenty to eat. And uh Raised it you know Interviewer: #1 Sure # 165: #2 We had to # plenty We were a family Not all families live like my family did {X} There's a big family of us and my daddy worked it hard and {X} Interviewer: How uh where were you and your brothers and sisters Ruth you told me but I forgot Were you one of the older ones or one of the younger ones? 165: I'm one of the younger ones. My oldest sister dead, oldest brother ain't but two of us living. {X} All them dead. One died in Savannah My baby brother died in Savannah {NW} Fell dead {X} Interviewer: Yes I think you told me about it. 165: And my oldest brother Died in Jacksonville a few years ago. Next one died in Americus. And my next brother died in Augusta. My oldest sister died in Milledgeville. She had {X} Interviewer: She had what? 165: {X} they call it Interviewer: Oh. 165: You know that breaking out on your hands Interviewer: Oh. 165: I don't think that they call it that now. Interviewer: I don't know. 165: And uh She was a good woman. She taught school and my oldest brother wanted to come She's- her mind was getting bad you know and he Didn't want her to go to Milledgeville so he taking her to Jacksonville and he um was scared so bad you know they took her anyway. Interviewer: Yes. 165: And my Next sister died in Detroit she had two twin that low blood. {X} Interviewer: Oh was she young? 165: She died young. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: Yes. {X} Interviewer: Well are your uh parents buried 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 165: And I've been here all my {X} our home been here all my life. Interviewer: {X} 165: But uh I had a brother that be buried in Detroit. He died up there. And my Oldest brother I buried in Jacksonville they'd been gone so long we see that's where his friends were. We all went there the people had moved ending up in different counties And my baby brother we buried him in Savannah. It wasn't but three us to go, we went there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 165: And bury him. Interviewer: Well are most of your children and grandchildren, well I know they're scattered out a good bit 165: #1 I got # Interviewer: #2 Some of # them here? 165: I got four children here and four away. My baby boy is in Brooklyn, New York and my oldest son in Syracuse. And they told us {X} Florida. And my {X} daughter. Is in Delray Um I, my baby daughter live near Whitney. My oldest daughter live up there in the project. And I gotta son live in south Plains. I told him go away Interviewer: Well Let's see. {NS} Um {NS} If um After you buy uh uh {X} man at the market wraps up a package when you get home you got to say well now I got to 'un- to what? 165: Undo it and put it up in the freezer or put it up in {X} frigerator. Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NS} Uh. If someone was swimming in the river And uh and maybe just couldn't swim very well and couldn't get out you might say well he was? 165: He got drowned Interviewer: Okay. And uh. {X} 165: Oh that them coming back {NW} {NS} Interviewer: And you might tell the children to don't get in that water I'm afraid you'll 165: Get drowned there. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say well every year someone has in that pool 165: They got drowned in there. Interviewer: And what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 165: Crawl. Interviewer: And uh if you see something in a tree you watch you'll say well somebody will have to that tree 165: Have to get it down. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call it when you go up a tree you say? 165: Climb. Interviewer: #1 Okay and you'll # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Alright say well yesterday he 165: Climbed that tree. Interviewer: A- or everyday he has 165: Climbed that tree. Interviewer: Okay. And if a man wants to hide behind uh something that's low you might say well if you're going to get out of sight there you'll have to 165: Squat down. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if somebody's going o- if one of the children's going over behind the chair and uh he was going to jump out and play a trick he might uh uh jump out and go what would he say to surprise you he might say? 165: Boo. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and uh What about when when little children play this trick you know with uh this way peeping what do you call that? 165: Peeping. Oh. Hide and seek. Interviewer: Okay Uh And if in church if somebody if you're saying somebody went up to the altar and she? to pray what would she do? She would? 165: Kneel down {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say yesterday she went up to the altar and 165: Prayed. Interviewer: Okay and what did she do to get down on her knees? 165: She knelt down. Interviewer: Okay how's that? 165: She knelt down on her knee Interviewer: Okay. 165: to pray Interviewer: And if someone if you're tired you might say well I'm tired I'm going to 165: Rest. Interviewer: Okay I'm going to in bed and I'm- 165: Lay down and rest. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Uh you might say well talking about someone he he was really sick, he couldn't even sit up he just in bed all day he? 165: I know he sick cuz he stayed in bed and didn't like it Interviewer: Okay. And uh Uh you might say all morning he? le- in bed? 165: Laid down all morning. Interviewer: Okay. And if you talk about something that you sort of saw in your sleep you might say well last night I all night. 165: I dreamt all night. Interviewer: Okay how was that? 165: I dreamt. All night. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 165: #2 about something # Interviewer: I hope I don't tonight I hope 165: I hope I don't have that tonight. Interviewer: Okay I hope I- 165: That's a nightmare. Interviewer: Okay. Don't dr- 165: dream tonight. Interviewer: Okay and Every night this week I have 165: Been dreaming. Interviewer: Okay I have d- I have dr- 165: dreamed every night. {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh alright you might say well I dreamed such and such and all of a sudden I 165: Woke up. Interviewer: Okay. And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you do what, you say you? Your feet on the floor you? 165: bring your feet down Interviewer: Okay but the noise when you go plump down your foot you say I'm going to or the the children say the the teacher at school was scolding she her foot on the floor. 165: Yes. Interviewer: She s-? 165: Stomped. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If a man meets a girl at a dance and he wants to uh to go home with her he might say to her may I? 165: Have this dance? Interviewer: Okay. And may I 165: #1 take you home? # Interviewer: #2 home with me # How? 165: Take you home. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have uh um. A big box out there and you wanna get it in here you might say you have to 165: Pull it in. Interviewer: Alright and if your car's stuck in the mud you might ask somebody in another car to get behind you and 165: Push it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you carried uh something that was very heavy and {X} Interviewer: Okay. Alright and th- you might say I carried it or I 165: Toted it all the way Interviewer: Okay. If some children come in the house and start playing with maybe the picture and you wanna be sure that it doesn't get broken you might say to them now don't you 165: Play with that. Interviewer: Okay. don't you even 165: Touch it. Interviewer: Okay. And if you need a hammer you might say to me will you go in there and 165: Bring me the hammer. Interviewer: And if the children are playing uh uh say ta- tag or hide and go seek and the tree where they put their hands and are safe what do they call that? 165: Where they put their hand is Interviewer: Uh if they're playing a game you know like tag or hide and go seek and there's one place where they can go and they're safe. You remember what they call that? That tree over there is going to be Alright football they kick the ball through the the goal 165: I don't remember Interviewer: {X} You don't know about football. 165: Not at all I don't like {X} It looks like its {X} Interviewer: It sure doesn't it? Okay well what about uh Would the children maybe say I'm going to uh this tree is going to be base or home 165: Oh home. Interviewer: Home? 165: {X} Interviewer: If you throw a ball you ask somebody to 165: {NW} Catch it. Interviewer: And you say {X} Who that ball? Who? 165: Who caught that ball? Interviewer: Okay. And you might say well I've thrown it to you a dozen times and you haven't? 165: {NW} Caught it yet. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And if you say uh Let's let's meet downtown if I get there first I'll 165: Wait for you. Interviewer: And if somebody um Uh say one of the children is trying to learn to do something maybe bake something and and they try and its a mess and then they try again. and uh you're just d- about to give up but he says well give me another 165: Try. Interviewer: Okay give- 165: Another try. Interviewer: Or another ch-? 165: Chance. Interviewer: Okay. And if a man is in a very good mood you might say well he's in a real good? 165: Mood today. Interviewer: Or another word for mood he's in a good 165: {X} attitude today. Interviewer: Okay. Well what about if he's in uh if he's angry or real sour temper you might say He's in a bad? 165: Temper today. Interviewer: Okay. 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. {NW} What about a word that starts with u or hu- he's in a bad humor-? 165: Humor today. Interviewer: How's that? 165: Humor. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have uh uh hired somebody maybe to trim the bushes or something but he just is lazy all the time you might say well I'm gonna have to get 165: Somebody else I don't want him no more. Interviewer: Okay. And just talking about letting him go. Or maybe you have uh {NW} uh say termites and you say I figure out some way to get 165: #1 Of these te- # Interviewer: #2 Rid. # 165: Rid of these termites. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if uh If he didn't if somebody didn't know something but he uh he's he tried to give the appearance of knowing it you might say well he didn't know what was going on. but he? He knew it. 165: He knew what he was doing. Interviewer: But he? 165: Tried. Interviewer: Okay. Or he wanted to give the impression he did 165: {X} Interviewer: Yea I would just say he made out he 165: {X} done the best he could he tried. Interviewer: Okay. But uh if uh you go somewhere and maybe you know how to do something and there's somebody else there who who who acts like they know all about it but they really don't you might say well she said that she knew what was going she uh 165: I'd say she says she know it let her do it Interviewer: Okay 165: I wouldn't try to take it Interviewer: Okay. Uh would you be more likely to say she acted like it or she made out like she knew or 165: Yea she act like she knowed it all let her I let her done it. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And if the kids have uh some say their school supplies uh And one of them notices that their pencil is gone What kind of slang word might they uh so that might say well who my pencil 165: Stole my pencil. Interviewer: Okay. any other way of saying stole it who? 165: Took my pencil. Interviewer: Alright would they say that or w- 165: They say either one of them. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NW} If you might say oh I had forgotten about that but now I? 165: Know. Interviewer: I re- 165: -member. Interviewer: Okay. Any other ways of saying that? 165: I forgot it but I remember it now that now I want to Interviewer: Okay. and uh You might say well w- she has a better memory than I do because I sure don't 165: Remember nothing now. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you might say uh uh w- You said you had a letter from your grandson this morning you might say well I? I- I am going to sit right down and pen a letter. 165: I'll read it and write him right back. Interviewer: Okay. And then you might say well just last night I? him a letter. 165: {X} wrote him my own letter {X} he owed me one Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 165: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you might say Every uh every week I have 165: Wrote a letter for him. Interviewer: Okay. And you have sent one to him every week Say I have Wr- 165: Written him back. Interviewer: Okay. Or I have wr- How would you say uh every 165: I- I say I wrote him back every week {X} Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh I wr- I wrote asking him a question and I expect an 165: Answer. From his next letter. Interviewer: Okay. and when you put the letter in an in the envelope and you write on the outside of it You say you take your pen and the envelope. You uh 165: Put his address on it. Interviewer: Okay. And maybe if your hand is cramped or something and you say {NW} would you this letter for me? 165: You write this letter for me? Interviewer: Okay. and uh You might'd say well I wanna write to Joe do you know his? 165: Address. Interviewer: Okay. And if a little boy has learned something new and uh maybe he's learned how to whistle and you wanna know uh where he learned it you might say well now who 165: taught you that? Interviewer: Okay. and uh if you're uh Uh if somebody said well When are you uh going to uh to Americus Uh well let's make say a bigger trip than that maybe to uh to Delray you might say when are you going to Delray? {NW} Well we're Next Wednesday we're what? 165: We're going to Interviewer: #1 Right # 165: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You don't know for sure but you kinda have it in your mind {X} 165: I'm planning to go next Wednesday. Interviewer: Okay. And what do the children call somebody who always tattles? You have a little boy who's been bad and a little girl says to him I'm gonna go tell and you say oh don't be a 165: Tattle tale. Interviewer: Okay. And if you want to put flowers on the uh k- table you go out in the garden and 165: Pick 'em in the morning. Interviewer: Uh pick what? 165: Pick 'em early in the morning. Interviewer: Uh Okay. I I need for you to give me the word here you're gonna put uh a bouquet on the table you go out in the garden and pick what? 165: Flowers. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And something a child might play with is a? or mi- maybe they've been playing and there's things scattered around you might say go in and 165: Pick up your toys now Interviewer: Okay. Any other old word for toys that you might use? 165: Uh pick up your things. Interviewer: Okay. And if something happened that you were expecting or maybe were uh afraid might happen for example a child might hurt himself while doing something You might say 165: I told you to move that. Interviewer: Okay or I uh I knew it or I knowed it I just know? I want 165: I knew it was gonna happen. Interviewer: Okay. 165: Told you to move that stuff. Interviewer: And uh if you might say well uh uh uh this is the book uh that uh that you me. you 165: You sent me. Interviewer: Alright or 165: Lend me. Interviewer: Or Take alright. 165: {X} Interviewer: And yesterday you 165: left it Interviewer: Ge-? Yesterday you Use give. 165: You give it to me. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say well you have me several good books you have? 165: Given me several good books. Interviewer: Okay. You might say well I'm glad I carried my umbrella we hadn't gone a mile when it 165: started raining. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say started any other way? It had just just started to rain or it? 165: Began a raining Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever say commenced? 165: Commenced raining that's right. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. when you're out of breath or you might say to somebody why are you out of breath I was uh feeling so good that I? All the way home. 165: Tired. Interviewer: Okay. And uh not walked but I 165: I run. Interviewer: Okay. Yesterday I? All the way home I 165: run all the way home. Interviewer: Okay. And uh These people up the street uh like to run they have a mile everyday they have 165: They runs everyday. Interviewer: Okay. If uh you don't know where a man was born you might say where does he? from where 165: Where's he from? Interviewer: Where does he? 165: Live. Interviewer: Okay. But you mean the place where he was born where does he? 165: Where was he born at? Interviewer: Okay. Uh and uh You wanna know uh from what place he is you might say where did he? 165: Come from. Interviewer: Okay. And uh he he ride on the train yesterday you might say well he? 165: gone on the train {X} yesterday Interviewer: Alright and uh He has to our town every month he has 165: Been here every month. Interviewer: Okay. He has Come or came Would you say he is? 165: He come here every month. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Uh. If somebody asks uh uh where someone is and you say well I don't know I? Outside just a minute ago I? 165: I see him a few minutes ago. Interviewer: Okay. But I don't? 165: Know where he at Interviewer: #1 alright # 165: #2 now. # Interviewer: And I look out there and I don't. 165: See him now. Interviewer: Okay. Uh And you might say uh Well we we hope you come back to see us we haven't uh {NS} we haven't much of you this year 165: We haven't seen much of you this year. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if uh You can't you tell somebody somebody asks about the road and you say well you can't go through there the highway department's got their machines in and the road is all 165: Closed in Interviewer: All uh 165: Uh Interviewer: It's not smooth. It's all 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. and it's uh They have just uh uh you know 165: {X} Interviewer: Dug it up or they- it's all torn up? 165: all torn the other way go around Interviewer: Okay. And if you give one of your granddaughters a bracelet and she thanks you for it you might say well why don't you 165: Put it on. {NW} Interviewer: And uh Then if you say well if she says well it doesn't fit well you say well 165: {X} didn't fit Interviewer: Okay. But you wanna tell her that you'll uh 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 165: I'll exchange it Interviewer: Okay. So the opposite of put it on is to? 165: exchange Interviewer: Okay. Put it on and then you? Ta- 165: Take it off. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If you say uh ask someone if they're able to do something you might say can you? 165: Help me today? Interviewer: Okay. can you do that it can you Uh Do you know how to do something you'd say can you that? Or you might say well I don't do that very well but my sister can 165: Do it. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say well yesterday she? She does it today and yesterday she d- 165: Do it today for me. Interviewer: Okay. And she did it? 165: Yesterday and today. Interviewer: Okay. And she has? All my life she has? Fixed my hair 165: {X} all my life {X} Interviewer: {NW} 165: #1 Fixed # Interviewer: #2 She has # 165: my hair. Interviewer: Okay. And use do there she has like she does it today or she did it yesterday she has d-? 165: done it Interviewer: Okay. {NW} If you're just sitting why somebody turns around to you and says what did you say and you might say well I didn't I said I didn't say 165: Anything. Interviewer: Okay. Or I said? 165: Nothing Interviewer: Okay. Uh the Then you might say oh I thought you said 165: {X} Interviewer: Just a little bit louder. 165: {X} Interviewer: Uh and if somebody is talking about something that just sounds like a scam you might say oh I never heard of 165: {X} before. Interviewer: Okay. And if you live here all your life and somebody says have you lived here long you might say well I've lived here? 165: All my life. Interviewer: All? Always? 165: All my life Interviewer: Mm-kay. Another way of saying all my life would be always? 165: Always. Interviewer: And uh {NS} If somebody says uh do you uh do you like to ride the the ferris wheel at the fair? You might say well ever since I uh I almost fell I've been I've been I've been scared of ferris wheels ever? 165: I'd say I don't like ferris wheels. {X} Interviewer: Okay. And uh Uh talking about horses then maybe you might say I got thrown once. And I've been scared of horses ever? 165: Ever since. {X} Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And uh If the children have uh uh uh one of the children gets hit and somebody comes in and and he says well it was just an accident and then they'll say it was not an accident he did it on? he did it? 165: On purpose. Interviewer: Okay. And uh And if you wanna know uh if someone asks how your daughter what your daughter thinks about something you say well I don't know you better? 165: Asked her. Interviewer: And uh uh and I say well uh just yesterday I? I as- her 165: I asked her just yesterday. Interviewer: How was that? 165: I asked her yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. And I have everyday I have 165: Tried to get an answer Interviewer: Okay. I have a-? 165: Asked her everyday. Interviewer: And uh those children just don't get along at all Those two boys just like to 165: Fight. All the time. Every time they get together they have fight. Interviewer: And yesterday they 165: Fought yesterday. Interviewer: And um If someone has uh uh uh fight that involves uh knives and How would you describe What someone did if someone put a knife into someone else he? what him with a big knife? 165: #1 He # Interviewer: #2 He # 165: cut him with a big knife. Interviewer: Alright and if just stuck it in 165: He stabbed him Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And uh What about uh Different words for big knives? 165: He used that switchblade he had. Interviewer: What other kinds of big knives did you think of? 165: {X} Interviewer: What's that look like? 165: crooked like that Interviewer: Uh-huh And uh Alright then you say to somebody he stabbed somebody with a knife and then he did this took the blade out he uh or what about if somebody made there's a picture on there's a funny picture on the blackboard and the teacher says who that picture? 165: Drawed that picture Interviewer: Okay. And if you're going to lift something up like a piece of machinery {NW} uh something real heavy you might use blocks and a rope to pull it up you'd say well now we're going to it up on the roof. 165: {X} Need a tickle to pull it up there Interviewer: Okay. And if you have- what's a tickle? 165: A little round wheel about that big and Interviewer: And it will help full 165: It rolls Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} And what do you call it when you say you use the tickle to pull it up there you say well we're going to get up on the roof. 165: up on the roof bring it up to the top. Interviewer: Okay. Is there a way of saying lift it up there uh lift it? 165: You have to lift {X} towed it up there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A ha- hoist or? 165: but if you use the tickle you if it's real heavy to take a y- you always have something to tie it up with Interviewer: Uh huh okay {NW} And uh If somebody if you don't have a tickle and you say somebody is going to do it or several people and they might still can't lift it and they say come on over here and help us? 165: Lift it up. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know a word hoist for that? To get something up? To move it up? 165: No. Interviewer: No? Okay.. {X} Uh It's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is You might say well it's not quite midnight yet but it's 165: Eleven thirty. Interviewer: Okay. It's midnight it's a-? 165: Almost. Interviewer: Alright any other way of saying almost? It's? midnight it's 165: Just about midnight. Interviewer: Okay. And if you slip and catch yourself you might say this is really a dangerous place I 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. A what? 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. If somebody is waiting for you to get ready So that you can go out with him and he calls to you and he says hey will you be ready soon and you might say I'll be with you in 165: Just a minute. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody uh stops here and uh and they know that this this is the road that goes on in to Plains but uh for your house they wanna know the distance they might say well {NW} how it uh is it down to the the antique store down there how? What's the distance how would they ask that? 165: They say how far is it from here to the antique? Interviewer: Okay. And what pointing to something uh to something you might say well now l- here How would you 165: I say look right here. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're uh if uh uh a boy and his father have the same shaped face maybe you might say the boy what his father? 165: Just like his father. Interviewer: Okay. he? uh i- i- is that the same if his his manner and so forth is the same? Uh if he looks like 165: Uh that's just to say he just like him He just like him Interviewer: Okay. Uh Okay. What about if he has a habit uh if his father did something maybe say uh child over there's the father's real lazy or something and if you really disapprove of him you say that by is going to be 165: Just like his daddy. Interviewer: Okay. And if a woman has looked after three children until they're grown up you might say she has three children how would you say that? 165: I say I say she has she had them all the days. Interviewer: Uh Brought 'em up raised 'em up? 165: Raised 'em up. Interviewer: And uh If a child's been bad you might say listen you're gonna get a? 165: Whooping. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if a child is uh Bob is five inches taller this year you might say Bob? A lot last year 165: Bob sure did grow this year. Interviewer: Okay. And last year he? a lot too. 165: He growed up last year. Interviewer: Okay. every year you have 165: Grown. to your age. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Alright and if uh a child that's born to an unmarried woman you'd say is a? 165: I'd say he was a bastard. Interviewer: Alright are there any old words that maybe somebody didn't wanna use that can you remember any word that somebody used a long time ago when they didn't want to say bastard? 165: That's the oldest word I know of. Interviewer: Only word okay. 165: Oldest I know Interviewer: Okay. have you ever heard anybody call it a woods coat. 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. And uh What about in talking about uh children that are affectionate and loving you might say Jane is a loving child but Peg is a lot? 165: Meaner. Interviewer: Okay. But if she is more than her {X} 165: She more lovely than Jane. Interviewer: Okay. And your brother's son is called your what? 165: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay. uh if you're that's you're you're father's sister right? is your aunt. What about your brother? His children. 165: They call me aunt. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call them? You say he is my? 165: Nephew. Interviewer: Okay. And what about children who a child who has lost both his father and his mother is called a? He doesn't have a mother or a father maybe he lives in a? #1 An institution # 165: #2 Oh # Oh Interviewer: A what? 165: Orphan oh. Interviewer: Alright. And if a person is appointed to look after an orphan is his you say he's his legal? 165: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay. And if a woman gives a party and invites all the people who are related to her you might say she asked all of her? 165: People. Interviewer: And uh If uh If you're talking about someone and you say yeah she has the same name and maybe she looks a little bit like me but actually I'm at all to her I'm? 165: I don't I'm not any relation to her. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And if someone who comes into town who's never been here before you might say well he's a? He- 165: Stranger. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what about if he's from another country? 165: I'd still say he was a stranger. Interviewer: Stranger? What about the Do you know the word foreigner? 165: Yes. Interviewer: How would you would that 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 165: Foreigner. Interviewer: Okay. Now here are a few uh A few names What's a real common name for a girl that begins with oh what i- what was Jesus' mother's name? M-? 165: Mary. Interviewer: Okay. Do you remember George Washington's wife? was named there's a Mar-? There's a K I think, Martha? Washington cake do you remember? And uh Martha? 165: I think that's what {X} Martha {X} something like that. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about uh do you remember that song uh Aunt Dinah's quilting party? 165: No. Interviewer: Don't remember that Okay. What about a song that goes Wait 'til the sun shines Don't remember that one either. 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. What about something about uh who did the cow kick in the stomach in the barn? you remember a song that goes like that? 165: No. Interviewer: Alright. What about a nickname for Helen? You know a nickname used for a girl named Helen? 165: No. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. I just need for you to pronounce N-E-L-L-Y then That's a name Ne-? Nelly? 165: Nelly. Interviewer: How? 165: Nelly. Interviewer: Okay. And a little boy who's name is William He might be called for short? Bi-? 165: Billy? Interviewer: Okay. Any other nicknames for William that you think of. 165: Will. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Okay. And uh A goat a male goat is called a? Billy goat now tha- 165: That's right billy goat. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And do you remember In the bible there was Mark and Luke and John The first one of them was Ma-? 165: Matthew. Interviewer: Uh a little louder? 165: Matthew. Interviewer: Okay. And uh a woman who who conducts school is called a? 165: School teacher. Interviewer: Okay. Do you remember an old fashioned word for that? The school? Do you remember when they used to call them school marm 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. And um If a man's name was uh Was uh uh C double O-P-E-R uh Like uh Cooper coop uh You might say his name was George Cooper or Cooper and his wife would be? 165: Ms. Cooper. Interviewer: Who? 165: Ms. George Cooper. Interviewer: Okay. And uh a preacher that's not really trained He doesn't have a regular pulpit but he preaches on Sunday here and there and maybe makes his living doing something else what would you call him He's not a real preacher he's just a? 165: {X} I call them {X} Interviewer: No yeah well we want you tell 165: {NW} {X} They're on the chain gang {NW} Interviewer: And what? 165: {NW} A man on the chain gang and the gospel {NW} Interviewer: Chain gang? 165: That's what they call them Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard the jack leg or jake leg 165: Yea a jackleg preacher. Interviewer: Okay. And what about uh uh if he's a does some have you ever heard it used the doctor? 165: Mm Interviewer: Jackleg doctor? 165: No. Interviewer: No? Okay. And uh here is this this {X} Uh What are the uh different uh terms that are used for black people either that you use yourselves or the white people might use that you know. What uh what do you say we're uh would you say black or colored or 165: I'd say we're Negroes. Interviewer: Okay. And what would uh uh 165: uh all white people Interviewer: Yea And uh what about some joking terms either way. Uh what about White people that are real lazy and uh maybe don't uh have enough energy to work and so forth you say well just 165: They're a lazy cracker. Interviewer: Okay. A cracker for you means uh uh like a white person that doesn't uh 165: {X} A lazy cracker or a {X} cracker something like that. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words like that? Cracker. What about redneck? 165: {X} Interviewer: Uh and uh what about uh a peckerwood. Does that mean a white person to you? 165: No {X} Interviewer: Never u- don't know that word? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. Well what about other words for uh for Negro then that are 165: They'll say you're a sorry Negro. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the kids joking might call each other what? Uh to do with uh color your children or your grandchildren I mean within the family Uh affectionate not uh 165: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 165: call someone call 'em like this {X} Interviewer: Okay. 165: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And what of a child born of a racially mixed marriage there's one parent be black and the other one be white what would he be called? 165: {NW} They call him a {X} call him Interviewer: alright 165: {X} Interviewer: yea well what about mulatto you ever heard that word? 165: No. Interviewer: No? {NW} What about with one uh with a grandparent maybe that was white or black and the others all one way another word for that? the same? 165: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Uh what would uh would you uh uh a long time ago call the man you worked for? 165: Boss man. Interviewer: Okay. Now you talked about uh uh Mr. {B} you used his first name didn't you? Mr. how'd you say it 165: {X} Interviewer: Uh huh and uh his wife you called? 165: Ms. Maybell Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And uh uh what about somebody who is uh This has nothing to do with race white or black who lives way out in the country and just never liked the doesn't seem to have ever gone to town or ever been in any uh large city just is real ignorant maybe what what would they {NS} 165: {X} that man look crazy. Interviewer: Okay. Uh would you use the word hillbilly? 165: {NW} his look 'em old hillbillies Interviewer: Okay. Uh What about the word hoosier or hoojer did you ever hear that? No? Okay. And uh Here's another couple of uh of names uh a girl's name that begins with S Uh Sally is sometimes a nickname for what name? 165: Sal? Interviewer: Okay. or S-? Or Abraham's wife in the bible do you remember her she had a child when she was real old do you remember who that was? S- Sarah. 165: Sarah. Interviewer: How? 165: Sarah. Interviewer: Okay. And the short name or nickname for that is oh there's a bakery goods now cakes are made by? 165: Sarah Lee Interviewer: Lee. You're okay. and the nickname for her might be? I said it a minute ago A nickname for Sarah a short name for her might be? Sa- 165: Sally Interviewer: Okay. And uh if your father had a brother whose name was William you would call him If your father's brother 165: I'd call him Uncle William. Interviewer: Okay. and if his name was John you'd call him? 165: Uncle John. Interviewer: Okay. And um Somebody who's a high officer in the army You'd call uh 165: {X} Interviewer: Okay. or way on up he might be the gen-? 165: John? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. And the guy who introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken? 165: {X} Interviewer: Sanders. 165: {X} Interviewer: Col- 165: Colonel Sanders Interviewer: Okay. And then there is the sergeant and another above the sergeant there is uh ca-? ca-? 165: Captain. Interviewer: Okay. uh would you ever with men that work on the farm maybe ever call the boss captain by any chance? What do you want what do you want me to do now? captain? No? Ah gee alright Okay. Who is the man who uh presides over the county court? He's a j-? 165: He's a judge. Interviewer: Okay. And a person who goes to college to study or goes to school is a? 165: Student? Interviewer: And a person who is employed by a business man to to type letters and this sort is called a S- She can type and take shorthand keep books she's his sec- 165: secretary. Interviewer: How? 165: Secretary. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And the person who appears on in plays or on movies is an? 165: Actor. Interviewer: How? 165: Actor. Interviewer: And uh anyone born in the USA is in a He's not a Mexican he's an Am-? 165: American Interviewer: How? 165: American. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh {X} Interviewer: {NS} Just experiment a little bit with this machine and see if the volume is alright. 166: That's one street go over we lived she lived after that and my daughter {NS} and her husband was raised up together Interviewer: #1 Is that a- # 166: #2 {X} # {NS} {D: for you go on some} {NS} Interviewer: Sure well I don't want to keep #1 you all maybe we can do a little bit of it # 166: #2 {D: I had a car too but they told me that its # it was liable to come {NS} he's liable to come tomorrow and if he does {NS} Interviewer: yes 166: I cuz I fixed my suitcases up yesterday but {NS} mowing my grass yesterday all day Interviewer: {NW} 166: wash to washing clothes. {NW} Interviewer: Alright well now first let me get your {NS} full name Mrs {B} {NS} 166: um {NS} {D: did you want} {B} mrs {B} Interviewer: Well uh mrs both I guess. {NS} Uh and uh and you were born when? {NS} 166: Eight eighteen ninety-two. {NS} Interviewer: Eighteen and ninety-two that's real fine and what date and today is {B} {NS} {B} {D: well I so- say} Happy birthday I guess this might be an unusual thing you could be doing on the date of your {NS} eighty-second birthday. {NS} And so that makes you uh {NS} eighty-two. {NS} 166: {NW} Interviewer: And um {NS} uh where were you born? 166: {B} in Macon. {NS} Interviewer: Right and uh {NS} Your your parents though had lived here before and then had moved {NS} 166: That and my father lived up at Ellaville and my mother lived down here at Leslie. Interviewer: Okay and uh lets see now how far is Ellaville from here approx- 166: It's fifteen miles from #1 Americus. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # And uh {NS} alrighty. 166: And I I imagine it's about that far down to Leslie I don't I'm not sure about Interviewer: #1 Alright but # 166: #2 I know it was # fifteen miles it's probably I go up there lots I used to live between Americus and Interviewer: I see 166: Americus and Ellaville Interviewer: #1 Okay and # 166: #2 My doctor was # {NS} I have a doctor who lived up there. Interviewer: Oh I see #1 Well # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What a what a occupation was your father a farmer or? {NS} 166: Yeah he did farm some but he run a meat market a long time. Interviewer: I see and where was that? {NS} 166: Leslie. Interviewer: I see. 166: That's where he died down there at Leslie. Interviewer: uh-huh {NW} Was he born there? {NS} 166: Borned up of Ellaville Interviewer: uh-huh 166: And I don't know how long he's been dead about seventy years I think Interviewer: Seventy? {NS} Well he 166: He he died {NS} he I was twelve years old when he died. Interviewer: I see. 166: That makes about seventy don't it. Interviewer: It surely does. {NS} And what was your um {NS} your mother's maiden name what was her full name? {NS} 166: {D: ellen} {B} {NS} {B} Interviewer: Yes ma'am and your uh {NS} your father's full name. {B} {NS} {B} {NS} and uh {NS} Where uh her parents from uh {NS} around here too? 166: Yes they was all from around here. {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: When that war was going on {NS} my granddaddy was in it. {NS} Interviewer: #1 The civil war? # 166: #2 {D: lived on} # both sides uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: Is that right? {NS} 166: {D: One my grandma pa} {B} he had one of his legs {NS} cut off. {NS} And I don't know what happened to my gran {B} He was in bad shape terrible {NS} he didn't come out of it. {NS} Interviewer: Yes 166: In them days when they got out from there they had to go {NS} in the woods and let the family bring them clothes to get the lice off. {NS} change and get lices full of lice. Interviewer: #1 Mercy {X} # 166: #2 I've lived through it # I don't have {NS} Interviewer: Yes sir well do you remember your grandparents? {NS} 166: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: How long 166: Grandmother used to stay with us a whole lot and I don't know my granddaddy Interviewer: yes 166: But I remember my grandma cuz she lived longer. Interviewer: Yes ma'am {NS} Okay and um uh where did uh {NS} Where did you go to school and how long did you go to school mrs {B} 166: Well {NS} I didn't never finish school cause Papa died when I was twelve years old and I had to work in the field. Interviewer: I see 166: So I didn't get to finish my education but I went to Leslie. Interviewer: mm-hmm well about how many years uh {NS} off and on were you there or were you just uh 166: I was there the whole time. Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: School was going on. {NS} You know in them days you can't tell. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 166: #2 We didn't # have no grades or nothing you just went and Interviewer: Right. 166: go as far as you could and have to quit so I {NW} if they had a grade I imagine I went through the eighth grade. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 166: #2 See you didn't # have no grades. Interviewer: Right. 166: {X} Interviewer: Well you started probably when you were about six years old? {NS} 166: Yeah Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} And then went on till you were about twelve years old. {NS} Okay {NW} and uh {NS} What about your uh your parents do you remember how much they went to school? {NS} 166: They didn't go much either one of them cause them days you didn't go to school #1 much you had to stay out and work. # Interviewer: #2 Right and and # work that's right on the farm particular #1 didn't you? # 166: #2 Yeah. # {NS} Both of 'em was on the farm too. Interviewer: Right {NS} okay {NS} And uh your grandparents then on both sides were farmers? 166: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NW} And do you know uh {NS} Where their like did they come from another state way on back your family your fathers family your mothers family do you know uh? {NS} #1 and where they came to Sumter county # 166: #2 {D: I asked somebody} # never did find that out the first I knew of them was when {NS} Mama and Papa {NS} was married you know Interviewer: Yes 166: And that's been so long to Interviewer: Sure. {NS} 166: {NW} But I I {NS} believe they stayed on the farm Interviewer: #1 Yes ma'am. # 166: #2 I know one # night they come from and come over here it might have been all they did. Interviewer: Okay well I want to ask you uh {NS} and where when you all as a child what house do you remember best uh {NW} uh if you all moved from Macon back here did you grow up in the same house? 166: No uh-uh we moved back. mm-hmm {NS} We lived in Leslie and there- there's just old wooden houses. Interviewer: Do you remember the house in Leslie? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Well how about telling me about one I want to draw a kind of a sketch of it do you remember what you can kind of #1 tell me about it # 166: #2 It had # four rooms. Interviewer: Okay just like a square then? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Like this and there'd be a one here and one here just like that did it have a hall? {NS} 166: No it didn't have no hall. Interviewer: Okay what about out front did it have a {NS} porch? 166: Porch uh-huh Interviewer: Okay {NS} Like that? 166: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What about on the back? {NS} 166: Nothing on the back you know then they didn't put them on the back like they do now. Interviewer: Okay and was it up high were there steps up to it? {NS} 166: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Uh what two or three do you remember was it real high? 166: I don't remember you take seventy years Interviewer: #1 That's a pretty good while that's good I can't remember. # 166: #2 {X} # {NS} We moved now after Papa died we moved back right smart Interviewer: #1 Okay and how # 166: #2 working # {NS} Worked in the field. Interviewer: Yes ma'am {NS} What uh um {NS} And all sorts of things in the field? 166: yeah {NS} Interviewer: Cotton and uh 166: Corn peanuts {NS} Things like that. Interviewer: #1 Yes ma'am okay # 166: #2 Then # you didn't get about twenty-five {NS} cents a hundred {NS} pecan {NS} not over forty no way. {NS} Interviewer: How much did you average maybe working in a day when you worked like that? {NS} 166: It wasn't much. #1 I can tell you # Interviewer: #2 {D: Sure then wasn't it} # 166: It'd run about forty and fifty cents a day then. Interviewer: Imagine that. 166: Imagine that but it's true. Interviewer: And people would work for that or 166: #1 mm-mm no uh-uh no. # Interviewer: #2 triple that for an hour now would they? # Alright tell- 166: That's what you paid for picking cotton was anywhere from twenty-five to forty cent and I could pick about two hundred a day. {NS} But uh {NS} when that {NS} when it was {NS} damp or anything like that it would end up heavy but when it was {NS} dried out you couldn't get nothing much Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: seed done dried out. Interviewer: Honestly {NW} Did you have uh how many brothers and sisters I know you have one sister here. 166: Yeah I had uh {NS} two brothers and three sisters {NS} Interviewer: And do they uh others of them near hear are uh {NS} 166: No they're all dead. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Oh # 166: #2 I've # got one brother up here about Buena Vista Interviewer: #1 I see. # 166: #2 that's # the only one. Interviewer: Well were you the youngest or in the middle? 166: I was the oldest that's why it's always so hard on me. Interviewer: Yeah? {NS} 166: And I {NS} had a brother next to me {NS} then sisters next {NS} Interviewer: And what's your sister's name? {NS} {B} {NS} 166: So um {NS} there's five of us you know two boys and three girls. {NS} But my brother my brother's dead. {NS} {NW} Baby brother and baby sister {NS} both of them are younger than we were. Interviewer: Yes 166: they all both of them dead. {NS} Interviewer: I see 166: Both died of the cancer. Interviewer: mm that's terrible. {NS} Uh which rooms were which in this house now was this the kitchen one of these 166: That was a {NS} bedroom up there {NS} and the kitchen was over here. Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: And I guess the rest of them was bedrooms they didn't have no living rooms then. {NS} Interviewer: Okay bedrooms. {NW} Uh did you use one of them more to sit in than the others do you remember? 166: No you know they didn't have them then. {NS} Just sit in the bedroom. {NS} Interviewer: Yes well which one did you sit in the front one here? 166: mm-mm Interviewer: Or this one? 166: mm Interviewer: Okay and uh you had what furniture in there mrs {B} 166: Just old furniture old time-y furniture and anybody'd be glad to get such as that. {NW} {C: laughs} Interviewer: Antique now wouldn't it be? 166: Just old furniture. Interviewer: Yes but like uh 166: #1 {D: Iron beds} # Interviewer: #2 a bed or # a iron bed. {NS} And uh {NS} Uh Dressers or or where 166: You'd have a dresser with it. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh what other places to keep uh the clothes? {NS} Was there? 166: Closets had closets then all around. Interviewer: Right were they built in or across the #1 corner? # 166: #2 Built in. # Interviewer: Uh on the wall side like this or across the corner? {NS} 166: Just like that one in yonder in mine. {NS} Interviewer: Just straight in like that? {NS} And you call that a closet any other furniture besides a dresser that you kept clothes in do you remember? {NS} 166: Nothing but that. {NS} Trunks we used trunks then more than anything else. Interviewer: Right. {NS} #1 Okay and then # 166: #2 I got a # trunk in here now. {NS} I don't know how old that trunk is my husband had it when he married and we done got the handles off of it but I won't do away with it. Interviewer: Sure 166: He lived to be eight- {NS} eighty my husband lived to be eighty {NS} Seventy-nine I believe Interviewer: Yes ma'am 166: No it wasn't it {NS} I'm wrong {NS} I'm eighty-two and he was {NS} He lived to be eighty-nine. I got that right #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 Well fine # fine and what other furniture did you have in here to sit on? {NS} 166: Just straight chairs. Interviewer: Straight made out of? {NS} 166: There's home made ones you know they made 'em then. Interviewer: Out of wood? 166: Yeah and they lasted too. Interviewer: With that uh what kind of bottom? {NS} 166: Oh I don't know what you call it thing but anyway it's made out of um {NS} what is the name of that stuff? {NS} Interviewer: Cane? 166: Cane that's what it was. Interviewer: I've seen those I seen something looks like they're made out of string sometimes too {NS} you know kind of laced around. {NS} Okay {NS} And uh this didn't there were not another floor just four rooms there's nothing upstairs here? 166: No no upstairs. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and uh if you call even though this was a bedroom did you refer to it to distinguish it from this room {NW} or this one back here as the as the place where you sat what how did you say go into the {NS} what did you call that uh separated from this on the front bedroom 166: They're separated Yeah if this was the front. Interviewer: uh-huh but you #1 call them # 166: #2 To me # that was the front. Interviewer: mm-kay did you call that the front bedroom or uh {NW} uh you didn't say a living #1 room # 166: #2 Well I # tell you the truth we didn't have no living rooms. Interviewer: Right 166: The beds was in all the rooms #1 cuz you had to # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 166: have them for the children Interviewer: #1 you see? # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 166: They just bedrooms that's what I call them. Interviewer: #1 Okay but you didn't call it # 166: #2 And we'd just sit down and # have chairs and anyone that want to sit down would sit #1 down. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # and uh you didn't have uh {NS} Uh anything like this piece of furniture then in there? {NS} 166: I lived in Leslie 'til I was {NS} married I married when I was eighteen. {NS} Interviewer: I see 166: Then I moved up here {NS} we he my husband lived up here both. {NS} Between here and uh {NS} between here and Shiloh out there. Interviewer: I see. 166: And so I been a member of Shiloh church fifty-two years. Interviewer: And what denomination is that Mrs. #1 {X} # 166: #2 Baptist. # Interviewer: I see. 166: But when I moved up here {NS} put my letter in down here at central baptist. Interviewer: And your husband was a baptist too? 166: Yeah he was #1 baptist too # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 166: He was member of the same church out yonder {X} Interviewer: Did you all grow up together? 166: uh-uh Interviewer: #1 No when did you meet him? # 166: #2 We just # met {NS} at a party. Interviewer: Is that right? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Well hmm okay I need to how was this house heated? {NS} 166: Fireplace {NS} that's what we call fireplace and that's what they called them then your fireplace and {NW} Cut your wood {NW} Interviewer: Burn wood 166: get that splinters {NS} Interviewer: Uh yeah what? {NS} 166: Splinters starters you know what #1 fat fat wood # Interviewer: #2 Fat splinters? # right. {NS} 166: And to starts a fire as well. {NS} Interviewer: And what did you pour on it did you pour something on it? 166: Uh-uh that's what we use was splinters and you put spl- and light the splinters and {NW} put that there and put you some dry wood on top of it. Interviewer: right 166: and {NS} and then oak wood. Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: and so that oak wood was really good too. That's what we used to iron by. Interviewer: How many fireplaces did you have in say #1 this house? # 166: #2 two # Interviewer: #1 two? # 166: #2 two # Interviewer: One in the 166: one out in the middle {NS} Interviewer: Oh like here and then over here? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay and what {NS} was it that went out the top to take the smoke out? {NS} 166: Wasn't nothing the smoke just went on up through. Interviewer: Uh but was it what did you call that like 166: #1 Chimney. # Interviewer: #2 this # Okay {NS} And uh what do you call this or what did you used to #1 call this? # 166: #2 That's a {X} # {D: hearth} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 {D: hearth} # {NS} #1 That's what # Interviewer: #2 And # 166: we called it then I don't know what to call it now and fireplace too #1 {D: call it fireplace X} # Interviewer: #2 Yes ma'am yes ma'am # {NS} And what about something that's uh stuck back in there that you laid the wood across? {NS} 166: What was them things? {NS} It was iron. {NS} Interviewer: Iron. 166: Uh-huh with handles up this way to hold the wood back there's iron this way and then up this way. Interviewer: yes. 166: I done forgot what you call that. Interviewer: Uh and did you hear call any of these things maybe a {NS} uh and iron dog iron fire iron 166: Dog iron I reckon I fire iron neither one I don't that's what it was for to put your wood on {NS} to keep it from being flat on {NS} rolling out. Interviewer: Do you remember hearing it called fire dog ever? {NS} 166: That might've been it. {NS} It's something like that I can't tell you exactly you know that's been {NW} seventy {NS} been eighty years no seventy years. Interviewer: Seventy years more than yes ma'am and this piece up here you call the? {NS} 166: {D: something} {NS} Mantel. Interviewer: Okay and do you remember any old words for that {NS} besides that? 166: the mantel. Interviewer: {D: mandola} {NS} 166: Then I don't know what to call them now I still call them #1 mantel. # Interviewer: #2 {D: mandola} # That's probably what they're still called. {NS} Okay and what about a big piece of wood that you put in the back to keep the biggest log in there? 166: That'd be oak wood. Interviewer: uh-huh and did you call it um {NS} uh {NS} uh a {NS} back log or anything like that you just said it's a big? {NS} 166: We used to just call it oak wood that's what you made the fire w- Interviewer: #1 Yes ma'am. # 166: #2 {D: with well that was} # we used to call it oak wood. Interviewer: #1 Okay and what would # 166: #2 It was oak # so you know when green #1 timber # Interviewer: #2 yes # And uh what did you call a piece of it when you bring in bring in some {NS} 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Logs? # 166: I don't know what to #1 call it right now. # Interviewer: #2 would you say some # some logs? {NS} 166: All I know we just called it {NS} wood Interviewer: #1 okay # 166: #2 just wood # Interviewer: okay 166: Go get some wood and put it on the fire that's what they used to say. {NS} Interviewer: alright {NW} and uh {NS} what about that uh {NS} black stuff that forms in the chimney what do you #1 call that? # 166: #2 That's smoke # Interviewer: {NS} #1 okay and that # 166: #2 Smoke # it comes from the wood. Interviewer: Right and if it sticks on the side of it 166: mm-hmm it's on the sides and back too. Interviewer: Yes 166: I used to whitewash {NS} right in the edges there you know and over the {NS} the top of it then {NS} the back'd be plum black. Interviewer: okay and they uh {NS} If you'd uh the children we playing around it got some of it on you'd say oh look you've got what on you? {NS} 166: Just playing around it? Interviewer: Yes 'm and then if they got their hands in there and got that black stuff on them you'd say they got? 166: You just get nasty. Interviewer: Right you're #1 getting # 166: #2 Right. # Interviewer: {NS} uh did you call that soot? #1 or # 166: #2 That's # smut we used to call it smut. Interviewer: Smut okay 166: I don't know what to call it now now I'm telling you the old word. Interviewer: Yes ma'am well tell me both of 'em then any that you remember or you #1 Heard a long time ago # 166: #2 Well that was # smut. Interviewer: Yes ma'am okay {NW} And uh let's talk about the furniture in this room for a minute then you tell me you didn't have a this piece of furniture in the old house what do you call this now? {NS} 166: I call it a settee. Interviewer: Okay {NW} And uh 166: And that's a coffee table. Interviewer: Yes 'm and you call that a? 166: That goes with this a chair. Interviewer: Yes ma'am {NW} And uh what about in the uh bedroom what furniture do you have in the bedroom now? 166: Two beds and dresser and {NS} Interviewer: What about 166: Washtand they used to call 'em washtand you know. Interviewer: right 166: That's what I Interviewer: and you had a big bowl and pitcher? 166: Yeah a long time ago we did and my daughter that died got that. {NS} I moved {NS} Interviewer: yeah 166: I gave it to her and I guess her husband still got it he's married again I don't know whether he's got it or not. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a piece of furniture that's just a series of drawers stacked up do you have something like that? {NS} Not with a a dresser has a mirror over it #1 doesn't it? # 166: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: What about one that doesn't have a mirror over it it's ju- 166: Chest of drawers. Interviewer: Yes ma'am and uh {NS} they uh {NS} all of the {NS} the things in the house the chairs or tables or beds you call that what? 166: Rocking chairs are cuz rocking and the other would be straight chairs Interviewer: Yes ma'am and uh if you say if someone is going to buy things to put in their house you say well they're going to buy a lot of new? {NS} 166: Furniture. Interviewer: Okay and uh {NS} uh do you remember any uh {NS} any piece of furniture if uh maybe it had now but maybe they used to have that was not built in like a closet but something that was a loose piece that could be moved around like a piece of furniture to put clothes 166: Wardrobes Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 {D: and you sorta} # make 'em you know just out of wood. Interviewer: #1 Yes 'm. # 166: #2 And you # take 'em and roll 'em have 'em put rollers under Interviewer: Yes 'm. {NS} 166: roll 'em. Interviewer: Okay and if a house had a sort of uh {NS} a little space right up under the roof where you could maybe store things? 166: I have a it in there {X} {NS} my room in there now. Interviewer: What do you call that? {NS} 166: Chairs chairs where you put things {NS} Interviewer: Yes {NW} 166: This room here that has a chairs too. Interviewer: Okay and what about is there a place which you can pull down in the ceiling and go up above? 166: Yeah right in there. Interviewer: What do you call that space up there? {NS} 166: What do you ca- {NS} Upstairs. {NS} Interviewer: Okay #1 What about attic? # 166: #2 {D: thats} # {NS} That's where you go in you know if anything happens up there Interviewer: #1 Yes # 166: #2 that's # {X} {NW} Now what do you call that? Interviewer: Uh is it attic I heard the word attic #1 used. # 166: #2 It must # be attic. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 166: Go right in here Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 166: #2 {D: they were} # working on my house when I moved here {NS} that's where they went up and down. Interviewer: Right or a loft {NS} #1 or a garret? # 166: #2 I guess it could # be called a loft. Interviewer: Yes but you don't remember one word more than another 166: uh-uh Interviewer: Okay and the place where you cook is the? {NS} 166: Kitchen. {NS} Interviewer: And what about a little room off the kitchen where you might store canned goods or extra #1 dishes # 166: #2 {D: Well} # there's pantry it's in the kitchen. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and what would you call old {NS} maybe worthless furniture implements maybe just things that you {NS} uh might {NS} throw out or want to get rid of you'd say I'm going to get rid of all this {NS} 166: Something you doesn't want thr- {C: laughs} Interviewer: Yes 'm mm-hmm 166: You just want to get rid of #1 {D: is all I know} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Junk or #1 trash # 166: #2 {D: That's right junk} # Interviewer: #1 okay. # 166: #2 I'm gonna # rid of some of this junk. {NS} And that's what me and my sisters been doing getting up different things and throwing them #1 {D: away now I} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 166: got some stuff to throw away there #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 That's # a big job isn't it. {NW} Okay well what about an a little old or room somewhere where you keep things that you don't really use but you're reluctant to throw #1 away? # 166: #2 I don't # have that. {NS} Interviewer: Well do you know know what I'm talking about? {NS} You mean just maybe the back of a room #1 what # 166: #2 {D: I don't know} # Interviewer: what would that be called? 166: That'd used to be called a utility room wasn't it? Interviewer: Okay or maybe just a junk #1 room. # 166: #2 {X} # junk room. Interviewer: Okay 166: I have one back here but {NS} one of my tubs in this other room back there Interviewer: #1 Yes ma'am # 166: #2 {D: My sister} # she had a tub and I {NS} mine's around here and I have a shower. {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NW} and what do you say talking about the daily house work you say every morning a woman has to? {NW} 166: Make up the beds and cook breakfast and wash dishes and then go to starting about the lunch Interviewer: {C: sigh laugh thing} Okay and when you talking about all the things you do to make the house neat you say well {NW} I did this yesterday but the place is dirty and I'm gonna have to? {NS} 166: I used to could say it when I had children but now nobody help #1 me to get it dirty. {C: chuckles} # Interviewer: #2 Right okay. # {NS} But do you say to uh to clean up or tidy up or ready up what #1 {X} # 166: #2 {D: Wack} # 'em up that's it Interviewer: #1 {X} # 166: #2 {D: What I} # say now. Interviewer: Okay {NW} a long time ago your mother might have said well it's time to {NS} 166: Get an order {NS} um {NS} mop mm What do you call them things you put your soaps in? {NS} That's what we used to scrub with scrub the floors #1 with. # Interviewer: #2 mm # 166: didn't have no such as this then. Interviewer: #1 A car {X} # 166: #2 Just regular # old {NS} floor {NS} and nothing on it. {NS} Interviewer: Would 166: Well then you didn't know what it was had something on it Interviewer: right no carpet 166: but um {NS} {X} {NS} that's what it is. {NS} Wet it good put your soap and water {D: butter we used to use butter as} {NS} Interviewer: #1 I can't {X} # 166: #2 take a mop # take a mop {NS} {NW} {X} get in there and {NS} do just the way you {X} Interviewer: yes 166: then you get some water and broom and rise it then you get a cloth and wipe it up Interviewer: After you wash it you get some other water and do what? {NS} 166: rinse it Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Okay it made the boards real white didn't it when it was washed that way was that the #1 white # 166: #2 And you # know there's half that then because you #1 {D: done with a whole lot of junk} # Interviewer: #2 {X} yes # No dust like rugs {X} {NW} Okay and uh but before you mop you might take something and {NS} 166: You sleep it out Interviewer: With what what do you use? {NS} 166: Broom just broom Interviewer: Okay 166: then you put your what your {NS} scrub with you put it in the water {NS} Interviewer: yes 166: likes {NS} {D: poly-X} and things like that you put it in the water and {NS} put it all over the floor and take your mop and go over that. {NS} That's the way we used to do old times now but now {NS} I could just go over {NS} with a mop now and and just {NS} in the kitchen and {NS} the bathroom and this little hall here and here I have to vacuum. Interviewer: Yes {NS} okay and w- {NS} usually on mondays women would say they had to do #1 their? # 166: #2 It's # wash day. Interviewer: Okay and on tuesday? {NS} 166: Tuesday is ironing day. {NS} When you wasn't in the fields when you was in the fields you didn't {NW} you had to wash whenever you could. Interviewer: Yes {NS} #1 And # 166: #2 Wait till it # rain to wash Interviewer: {NW} {C: laughs} You had water. 166: and stay in the fields stay in the fields and work. {NS} And you take a rainy day to wash you had to wash outdoors. Interviewer: Yes {NS} #1 {X} # 166: #2 When it's too # wet I mean to go go and pick old cotton and things like #1 that # Interviewer: #2 I see # 166: {NS} you do your washing that morning and then go to the field that evening. Interviewer: If it cleared up? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Is that the way you say that #1 {D: the weather terms mm-hmm.} # 166: #2 {D: yeah that's the way it does when we were done.} # Interviewer: {NW} Okay and if you go from the first floor of a house up to the second floor you have to go up the {NS} 166: Stairs. Interviewer: mm-hmm you say stairs rather than stair way or {NS} 166: I haven't got a stairway here never have had #1 one. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # {NW} and uh {NS} 166: When I was living out in the country that time I had a big old six room house and a hall and a big wide porch {NS} front and a big wide one in the back screened in I lived up there at Shiloh. {NS} Do you have you ever been by Shiloh? Interviewer: No ma'am {NS} 166: It's right uh se- first second house on the other side of {NS} on the other side of Shiloh. {NS} We lived there for fifty {NS} two years. Interviewer: I see and you moved here then when uh 166: I sold out sold out the farm {NS} timber land and everything. Interviewer: Yes 166: moved here {NS} I couldn't stay out there by myself and I couldn't see about the timber you get somebody else to {NW} sell your timber by the {NS} load {NS} they is liable to take a load off and sell it and you wouldn't never know about it so I just couldn't see about it. Interviewer: Sure. 166: I didn't get what I really ought to have got out of it but I got rid of it. {NS} Interviewer: Well did you have any other do you remember any other words for a porch to distinguish if it was on the front or the back or screened? {NS} Or what about one that was up on the the up above this on uh you remember anything like that a porch up maybe on the second floor? {NS} 166: I know my {NS} daughter and them got them a kind in Denver Colorado that's where my baby go to live. Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: They got 'em up stairs yeah but I don't know what to call them. Interviewer: Maybe just another porch have you ever heard #1 veranda? # 166: #2 No the # porch I meant imagine up over there. Interviewer: Yes {NW} okay and if the door is {NW} open and it's getting clo- getting cold you might tell someone go over and? {NS} 166: Shut the door. {NW} Interviewer: And what do you call the those boards on the outside of this house uh you know the {NS} ones that are {NS} you know s- stacked up to make the wall {NS} like wooden houses are made out of {NS} say it's not a brick house it's made of? {NS} 166: Wood. Interviewer: uh-huh and do you call the boards anything weather weather boa- 166: Weather boarding uh-huh {NS} okay That's what you call that. Interviewer: Weather board rather than flatboard or siding? {NS} 166: Some of it's siding you have to use that siding in a lot of places #1 places. # Interviewer: #2 Oh # that's that when it's uh {NS} uh made composition. {NW} Okay {NS} and uh {NS} If you were were trying to repair something {NS} with a hammer you would {NS} say {NW} well I've gotta get a hammer and a nail and do what? {NS} 166: Nail it in whatever you had to was tore up and you had to fix back. Interviewer: Okay and if you were going downtown uh and you were going to be the person that uh {NS} doing the {NS} the thing behind the wheel you'd say well I am going to {NS} 166: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 What # 166: drive though. Interviewer: Okay but if uh {NW} {NS} if someone else did it uh took you downtown you'd say well yesterday she? {NS} 166: Went to town. Interviewer: Yes and and if you want to say she went in her car she? {NS} 166: I never did learn how to drive I sold my car here about {NS} first of the year. Interviewer: I see. 166: Sister had one {NS} we'd go back and forth in hers but she's not able to she's not able to drive. Interviewer: I see and if uh someone uh {NS} you want to say someone uh went in the car rather than they walked you would say well she yesterday today she's going to drive down town yesterday she how would you say that she? 166: Walked. {NS} Interviewer: Well but if she went in the car you'd say 166: Ride. {NS} Interviewer: She what? 166: Ride. {NS} Interviewer: Uh yesterday she but she did the driving you'd say she what? {NS} yester- today she drives but yesterday she? 166: Walks. Interviewer: And and well she went in the car you'd say drove? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 {D: uh would you} # 166: #2 She drove # downtown. Interviewer: Okay and what about if it's somebody who every day at a certain time {NW} does that you'd say I watch her and the {NS} everyday for years she has {NS} done that going in {NS} 166: Came home. Interviewer: Yeah #1 and she # 166: #2 {D: I got out there} # {NS} tuesday morning I believe {NS} walked up town. {NS} Interviewer: um 166: I walk up town lots it's good for you. Interviewer: Sure that's fine well would how would you say drive there if you used it with a she has {NS} uh would you say she has driven or she has drove or or? 166: She's a good driver. Interviewer: uh which one of those words would you use would you be more likely to say she has driven everyday or she has drove everyday or what? {NS} 166: I don't know {NS} you know was there wasn't no cars when I was coming along #1 long time # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 166: ago but now I believe I believe say ride. Interviewer: Okay {NW} alright and uh the top part of the house is called the? {NS} {D: just you know just the top} 166: {D: top covering} {NS} Interviewer: Okay a ro- 166: Roof roof. Interviewer: uh-huh {NW} and uh what about a place where the the like over there there's a place where the roof goes down like this and then another one comes down like this what would you call that part #1 {D: in the middle?} # 166: #2 The top of the # porch. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and uh if there's a place where the roof is joined in would you #1 use # 166: #2 And that's where it # is right there. Interviewer: Yes {NS} okay {NW} 166: It leaks and down on the lower side over there too #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: breath laugh} # 166: I called a fellow today to come Interviewer: And fix 166: to see if he could find out where it was this evening Interviewer: uh-huh 166: fixed it once and {NS} So I said I was going to call them but I won't have time I don't expect before I go off. Interviewer: Well uh what do you call a little building out on the farm that's used for storing wood? 166: Smoke house. {NS} and you use it for meat {D: you get a little-} Interviewer: Meat. 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Right {NW} 166: That's what we use out in the country. Interviewer: What about a place where you might store tools or something it might be on the side of the barn? 166: Well that was a little {NS} we used to have one out in the country. {NS} That was a gear house we called it a gear house we had to key to knew which gear #1 {D: you know. } # Interviewer: #2 Okay # {NW} and uh 166: I have to think a lot. Interviewer: Sure well seventy years might take a little thinking. {NW} Or what other {NS} uh little buildings would you have out on the farm? {NS} 166: Car shelters. {NS} Interviewer: Okay did you have a indoor bathroom back then? {NS} mm-hmm you 166: We didn't when I was growing up and all but after they got {NS} come in Interviewer: #1 Right you # 166: #2 we put in a shower. # Interviewer: put one in okay well when it was outside what did you call it? {NS} 166: me see. {NS} What did we call that? {NS} Go to the {NS} a lot of time we'd call it johnny. Interviewer: The johnny when it was outside I heard johnny a lot inside I didn't know that was sometimes an outside word. 166: Sometimes they do though. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 166: #2 Long time # ago they I got to go to the johnny I had teachers that stayed with me {NS} Interviewer: yes 166: They like to say well I just got to go to the johnny. Interviewer: Okay and um {NS} what about outhouse or {NS} toilet? #1 {NW} # 166: #2 Well # now that could be outhouse called outhouse #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Well if it's toilet is that more likely to be inside? {NS} Or privy what about privy do you remember using that word? {NS} No? {NS} Outhouse or the johnny huh? 166: Yeah the johnny I believe I'd I'd just say johnny. {NS} #1 {X are} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 166: many things {NS} Interviewer: If uh if somebody comes to you and just starts telling you everything {NW} uh bad that's happened to them and you feel like well they're not thinking about anybody for themselves {NW} and uh {NS} you might say well I've {NS} have a problem I have uh {NS} you're not the only person that has troubles I #1 what? # 166: #2 We # all have troubles. Interviewer: Okay {NW} uh {NS} and uh. 166: And you can look around and see that some of it's worse than others. Interviewer: Yes ma'am okay well what about {NS} if there's something strange outside {NW} and you wanted to ask someone if they were aware of it you might say what? {NS} Did you? 166: Did you know anything about it? Interviewer: #1 Okay are and did you just # 166: #2 {D: or something like that. } # Interviewer: Did I I thought I heard something did you {NS} 166: I never did do that. Interviewer: Yeah? {NW} #1 Okay # 166: #2 I always # try to find out go #1 see it. # Interviewer: #2 yes # alright and if uh {NS} if there was a program or a speech or a a a sermon and you want to know if someone was there you might say {NS} did you go to hear {NS} 166: Go to church. Interviewer: Yes and did you {NS} hear what somebody said? {NS} Did uh uh I just want you to say that for me the way you would if you're asking somebody you know? {NW} uh if you want to know whether or not they uh {NS} they listened when somebody was talking you might say did you {NS} #1 hear what # 166: #2 Go to # sunday school? Interviewer: Yes 'm #1 and did you # 166: #2 go to # church Interviewer: Okay and use the word hear for me in a sentence just say it just how would you say do you did you h- what he said? {NS} 166: Yes we we talk about that some we'd talk about the preacher you know Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 166: #2 The # sermon he preached and what he preached on. Interviewer: Okay 166: And here about two weeks ago he preached good and then he preached on um {NS} divorces. Interviewer: Yes ma'am {NS} 166: And he preached on that he {D: um that} parents was to blame {NS} for a lot of this that's going on now. Interviewer: {NW} Okay and uh if uh if somebody says well {NW} I go every sunday because I like to what the preacher I like to? 166: You like the preacher. Interviewer: Like to? 166: It's in sunday school I pray by my sunday school class and teacher too but she's been out now some little bit she had a baby. Interviewer: Okay {NW} Uh and if uh I ask you if you know a person and you might say no I don't know him but I've {NS} 166: Heard of him. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh {NS} if some uh friend came back into town and another friend has been visiting with him you might uh {NS} might ask have you seen him yet? {NW} And you might say no I haven't? {NS} 166: Yeah I've done that a lot of times. Interviewer: Okay how would you say it if you want to say I've {NS} 166: I haven't seen him. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and uh {NS} uh if uh if something you do everyday {NS} you might uh yes I {NS} like uh what are some 166: I done it. Interviewer: Everyday? Okay uh I did it yesterday I {NS} 166: Done something else. Interviewer: #1 and uh # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NS} and uh {NS} if you're asking about somebody across the street and you want to know if they do that you might say well there's so and so does she or {NS} how would you ask that? {NS} Does she water her flowers everyday would you say? 166: Yeah something like that. Interviewer: Okay 166: Which we all do when the weather's- Interviewer: Sure {NS} okay {NW} if a man lets his farm maybe get all run down and he doesn't seem to care you might say to someone who asks {NS} uh I don't really know but he just {NS} to care he? 166: Just {NS} don't keep his terraces up and things like that. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh 166: That's what uh my husband used to do he'd work on terraces and {NS} right after christmas to keep 'em from washing. Interviewer: yes 'm {NS} 166: That's what we'd call them terrace- Interviewer: terraces {D: yes ma'am} And uh 166: Keeping the grass out too working on keeping the grass out Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} and uh if uh if someone asks you something and you say well I believe such and such but I'm {NS} how would you finish that when you want to 166: #1 I doubt it. # Interviewer: #2 you want to say # Okay {NW} um {NS} 166: {D: You gotta battle dance} Interviewer: No ma'am you doing fine this is just what I need. {NS} 166: That's when we find out that we turned the young people the young {NS} this generation and the other Interviewer: #1 Both # 166: #2 {D: I'ma} # say two #1 generations and # Interviewer: #2 yes ma'am both # 166: we was raised up hard {NW} and the next generation began to pick up and now they done got to the limit #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Just everything is too easy. {NW} Okay you might say you live in a {NW} a frame {NS} 166: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: frame? 166: House. Interviewer: And if there are two of them you'd say there are two frame? {NS} 166: Apartments. Interviewer: Okay or just use the same word just two? {NS} Hou- {NS} One house or two {NS} 166: I say two apartments and they'd be right Interviewer: Oh I don't mean in the same building like that building and that one over there there's one house here's one house and over there are two? {NS} Hou- {NS} 166: Houses Interviewer: Yes ma'am that's what I wanted just your pronunciation that's fine. {C: 166 laughs} {NW} Okay and the big building behind the house where maybe hay is stored or where the cattle what do you call that? {NS} 166: Barn. Interviewer: {NS} Okay and the building you store corn in is a? 166: That's a barn all connected. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 That's # what we had out yonder just a barn Interviewer: okay 166: and there was cows and hogs and mules too. Interviewer: And they put #1 corn in there? # 166: #2 and pop that # corn in big {NS} um {NS} rooms you know have it sealed up. {NS} Weather boarded in there wasn't no sealing but have it where the s- where the stock couldn't get to it. Interviewer: Yes ma'am what about the upper part of the barn? {NS} 166: Well a lot of times they have a loft up there and put hay up there. Interviewer: Yes ma'am okay. What about a {NS} a place for they hay when they {NS} left it out in the field for a while when they mounded it up do you re- {NS} 166: To get it in if it went to rain they'd tell you cause they didn't want to stay out in the rain. Interviewer: Right and um {NS} if they get the barn maybe full of hay {NS} how do they keep it eh do they try to stack it? 166: Yes they stack uh stacked it. Interviewer: Into what what do they call that? 166: In the barn that's still the barn all all of that was barn what we had out in the country Interviewer: Okay 166: {D: Put your} {NS} Now we had different places to put dried peas and things {NS} but that was a regular barn I think Interviewer: Okay 166: on a pasture. Interviewer: alright. {NW} And uh do you remember any sort of a thing that they put hay on {NS} uh out maybe before they took it to the barn or maybe the barn was full with crops like this and they pile hay in it? 166: {D: In rooms } so it would dry out. Interviewer: What did they call that do you remember? 166: Drying the hay out Interviewer: Okay and what did they call that thing that it sat on do you remember? 166: Crosspiece Interviewer: What? 166: Crosspiece Interviewer: A crosspiece okay {NS} and uh {NS} um {NS} The horse as you said stayed in the {NS} 166: #1 Barn. # Interviewer: #2 in the barn # too. {NS} 166: #1 Cows # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: was in the barn too. Interviewer: And where were the cows uh milked? {NS} 166: Stalls. Interviewer: okay #1 Did the what the # 166: #2 {D: I had} # Had stalls for mine. {NS} Interviewer: So did you help milk? {NS} 166: Have milk? Interviewer: Help yeah. 166: I milk with five cows {NS} Interviewer: #1 Is that right everyday # 166: #2 everyday. # {NS} Yeah I've sold milk and butter and eggs. {NS} Everything like that. Interviewer: mm okay Do you remember any place outside where the cows were milked maybe in hot weather when it was too hot to go in the barn do you remember? 166: Yeah they'd have a shelter. Interviewer: #1 A shelter? # 166: #2 Have # have troughs put the feed in. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And what about a place where you kept uh the pigs and hogs? {NS} 166: We kept them in a pasture {NS} but we'd have a place built in for them to come in and eat. Interviewer: uh-huh and what did you call that oh that was in the a barn you mean? {NS} 166: mm {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} What about uh uh {NS} a pen what you do for hogs {NS} or pigs did you ever have a small enclosure? 166: Yeah we separate 'em you know when they's gonna find pigs. Interviewer: And what did you call that? {NS} 166: {D: I pen her in.} Interviewer: okay {NW} And what about any kind of a place a long time ago you know before they had refrigeration {NW} um maybe they had a certain place that they kept milk and butter. 166: They they used to make the things and line 'em and fix 'em in wood and make make up wood just as we had one one time {NW} build it about this wide {NS} lined it inside you know and then put the wood lining or tin lining whatever they put in there. {NW} We just have to set our milk and butter down in there you couldn't keep it like you can now. Interviewer: Yes ma'am what did they call that do you remember a word? 166: Ice box. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay you had ice that you put in? # 166: #2 {X} # Yeah you {X} {NS} bring the ice out sell the ice Interviewer: Yes 'm 166: carry it out in the country about {NS} once and twice and three times a week. Interviewer: What about a place maybe out uh where water ran that they might set milk 166: #1 Gulley. # Interviewer: #2 {D: or butter. } # {NS} A what? 166: Gulley. Interviewer: And w- do you remember doing that before you had even ice? {NS} #1 No? # 166: #2 {X} # {NS} You talk about the ice being used? Interviewer: Uh no um I'm talking about maybe out on the farm before you had ice. {NS} uh W- was there a place that you set uh uh {NS} m- milk down in #1 {D: a stream} # 166: #2 Put it down # in a well Interviewer: uh-huh #1 Oh # 166: #2 Rope on it # on it tie it in a well Interviewer: #1 oh uh-huh # 166: #2 we done that a lot of times # {NS} when I was growing up. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and the area around the barn is generally called the what? {NS} 166: I don't know what you call that. Interviewer: Uh what about uh a lot? or a #1 barnyard? # 166: #2 {D: well you can't} # have a lot because we did have a lot to build on to it you know? {NW} So they could come out in the sunshine #1 out of the barn. # Interviewer: #2 Yes 'm. # Alright and what about the place where you let them go out to graze what did you call #1 that? # 166: #2 Oh we had # pastures then. {NS} Interviewer: Okay and the undesirable grass in a {NS} uh uh cotton field that you have to get rid of what what different kind #1 gra- what? # 166: #2 {D: Bermuda grass} # {D: Bermuda} Interviewer: #1 What else you remember any? # 166: #2 {X} # {NS} Oh what's the name of that that old stuff the roots get in there Interviewer: Johnson grass is that #1 is it yes # 166: #2 Johnson grass. # Interviewer: {NS} They were the worst? 166: Oh that was the worst. {NS} You dig it up by the roots and the next day you come back and it'd be Interviewer: Back again. 166: Back again. Interviewer: mm-kay {NW} and what do you call all those uh {NS} any other different kinds of weeds do you remember chopping out that one did uh {NS} in the garden or out in the cotton? {NS} 166: Uh sand spurs. Interviewer: okay that was 166: They'd stick you to death. Interviewer: Right okay and the {NS} cotton and corn grow in a? {NS} 166: Field. {NS} Interviewer: Okay and uh do you have any uh words that mean uh {NS} a larger or a smaller {NS} uh {NS} area like well that's just a little something of cotton {NS} 166: Little patch. Interviewer: Okay 166: had me a little patch then cuz we had an allowance so they can't have much cotton. Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 166: #2 Used to # we could plant much cotton as we wanted to and peanuts too. Interviewer: yes 'm Is peanuts restricted now too? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: I didn't {NS} okay. {NS} Uh what about fences mrs {B} what about different kinds of fences? 166: Well you'd you'd cut the rails so you get barb wire but used to old times. Interviewer: What kind of wire? 166: You could buy uh {NS} wire to fence wire Interviewer: yes 'm 166: and put it up. {NS} But in olden times you went to the woods and cut {D: you know} {NS} logs up {NS} and made your own fence out of #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: {NS} Interviewer: #1 and # 166: #2 That's # {NS} that's wood Interviewer: Uh-huh and did you uh uh {NS} did you ever hear that called a worm fence that rail fence that no? {NS} Okay uh what would you call a kind of wire fence that if you climbed over it you might {NS} snag your clothes on? {NS} 166: uh Interviewer: eh {NS} 166: It has one thing to it {NS} wha- {NS} Interviewer: Barb- {NS} Barb something {NS} 166: Oh shoot I don't remember mine {NS} there's plum many kinds {NS} it has these old stickers in it Interviewer: Yes 'm is it barbed wire? {NS} Barbed or 166: Barb wire Interviewer: #1 {D: Barb put on} # 166: #2 {D: mm-hmm put on} # Interviewer: #1 How how do you say it? # 166: #2 {D: top of the} # Barb wire Interviewer: Okay {NS} And um {NS} what about uh {NS} pailing fence or uh {NS} #1 Any # 166: #2 Passing. # {NS} Passing it up is that what you need? Interviewer: Oh well I was wondering about different name for different kind of snake and rider fence you never heard of? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: okay {NS} And uh intervals on a wire fence I know you have to put something upright on a nail 166: Post Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: #1 {D: I want to post} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # yes 166: Maybe post put in then {NS} throw your wire up on it. Interviewer: Okay And what about if you want to make a hen start laying something that you put in the nest to fool her? {NS} Do you remember 166: Yeah I used to let the {NS} my sutter hen and had s- {NS} some {NS} rotten eggs left you know something in there so I put them in there and take some fresh ones out. {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay what did you call that do you remember if you put 'em {NS} Did you ever see on made out of anything #1 not a real egg. # 166: #2 Oh yeah # {NS} Made out of {NS} it's not plastic it's white stuff Interviewer: #1 The same thing like your # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 good dishes are made out of maybe # 166: #2 yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: what would you call that? {NS} What do you say generally talking about your dishes you might say well these are {NS} not just everyday dishes this is maybe it's an antique this is real good {NS} 166: Nest eggs that's what I call- Interviewer: Okay what about uh {NS} uh {NS} the {NS} the place a uh abroad where the the oriental come from the people you know with the their eyes were slanted and so forth. {NS} China {NS} Y- you use that you ever use that word china to do with dishes? {NS} 166: Yeah I've used um {NS} Interviewer: How would you say that you tell me this not my everyday dishes this is my good 166: China dishes Interviewer: Okay {NS} And what about what would you carry water in? {NS} 166: Jugs Interviewer: Okay and what about if it were bigger than that and open at the top? {NS} had a {NS} handle over {NS} 166: You'd have to take it by the handle Interviewer: Okay and uh um {NS} if you uh how did you did y'all have a well? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: And what would you {NS} the kind you cranked down in or? {NS} 166: Yeah we had it where you had to let the bucket down get a bucket of water and draw it back up. Interviewer: #1 Okay and what was the or yes ma'am # 166: #2 It was the olden days and in the # {NS} earlier days {NS} from that {NS} we had pumps you have to pump it. Interviewer: Yes 'm {NS} what would that bucket be made out of mrs {B} 166: Tin. Interviewer: Okay You ever seen 166: #1 Sometime # Interviewer: #2 them made of # 166: I've seen them old wooden buckets go go down in there {NS} Interviewer: And what sort of container would you have to carry food maybe scraps left over from the kitchen to take those scraps #1 to the- # 166: #2 Harvest can. # Interviewer: Okay back on the farm if it sat in the 166: Well that's what what we kept for the hogs that was just slops Interviewer: Yes 'm and you call that the the thing you carried it in the slop 166: mm-hmm slop bucket. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and what about uh what do you call the uh the kitchen utensil that you fry eggs in? 166: Spider. {NS} Interviewer: Okay any other words {NS} 166: Griddle. {NS} Interviewer: Okay #1 {X} # 166: #2 Griddle # I cook with old griddles now. Interviewer: Okay 166: Cook me a whole cake of bread of lots #1 {D: on about} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 166: that big around. Interviewer: Right do you remember on that had legs on it and they would #1 {X} # 166: #2 Yeah cook at # fire place Interviewer: Was that called a spider too? 166: {NS} I done forgot what that was c- {NS} called. {NS} But it was took took the place of spiders. {NS} I can't remember the name of that but I had one. Interviewer: Yes 166: And we used to bake potatoes in it. Interviewer: uh-huh Did it have a lid? {NS} 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: It had a lid and it set in it 166: #1 {D: You know} # Interviewer: #2 right. # 166: you can call them spiders {D: I reckon. } Interviewer: okay 166: But anyway you put 'em in fireplace and they have legs {NS} and you puts fire under that and we bake potatoes in 'em and {NS} then we have baked potatoes just pulled in {NS} long time ago old {X} {NS} all warm let 'em stay there and bake. Interviewer: um 166: Parch peanuts in 'em. Interviewer: #1 yes # 166: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: yes okay. {NS} What about a heavy iron vessel with a large opening that maybe was used on the farm? {NS} Maybe for 166: Pot? #1 {D: that's pot} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay {NS} and uh would you call that anything else maybe cook uh {NS} uh 166: Hog heads and things in it when you kill hog. Interviewer: Okay would you ever call that a kettle? {NS} 166: No it never was called a kettle. #1 Because a kettle has a # Interviewer: #2 Okay what was # 166: round and had a mouth to it {NS} and that's what we used to use on the stove #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 166: to heat our water. Interviewer: #1 Poured out of # 166: #2 You know # we had a stoves end and we just {NS} set it inside there and let fire come to it. Interviewer: Okay okay and what do you call a container that you uh {NS} uh {NS} put flowers in? {NS} Maybe bring it in the house. 166: {D: bring is pot holders} Interviewer: Okay and what about one maybe it's made out of china or something that you just set put good flowers in {NS} in the house like you like pick some roses or something and set? {NS} 166: I don't know what you call #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 uh # What do you call that little thing up on top of your uh {NS} 166: Vase. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh {NS} What are the eating utensils that you set by each plate when you're setting the table? {NS} 166: {C: giggles} Not a fork and a spoon. Interviewer: Yes 'm {NS} and uh after the dishes are all dirty you say well {NS} uh I now I've we finished supper we finished lunch I have to go 166: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: And uh after you wash them if you let clear water run over them you say that's? 166: Rinse 'em {NS} Interviewer: And uh what do you use the rag that you use to wash the dishes with? 166: Dish rag. {NS} Interviewer: And uh to dry them you use a? 166: The dry cloth. {NS} Interviewer: Okay and what do you call the little square of terry cloth that you use to bathe your face with? {NS} 166: Soap? Interviewer: No the piece of cloth #1 that you use. # 166: #2 Oh # Washing rag. Interviewer: And uh after bathing you dry yourself off with 166: #1 Towel. # Interviewer: #2 a? # {NS} And what do you call that little {NS} water pipe at the kitchen sink that you turn the water on with. {NS} #1 You know what # 166: #2 I don't know # it's called faucet. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay and what a # 166: #2 That's something # and I got to do today too is get a man come in fix mine it leaking and #1 leaking hot water on the bath. # Interviewer: #2 Alright I see # {C: I see} Well is there is it the same what about if it's outside and you turn a hose 166: There a faucet. Interviewer: Faucet alright. {NS} And uh {NS} It was so cold last night that the pipes did this #1 What # 166: #2 Froze. # Interviewer: #1 what and if they they # 166: #2 Froze. # Interviewer: froze and they actually {NS} 166: Busted. {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: But I fix mine and I haven't had not one freeze here but one time since I been here. Interviewer: {C: that's right} {NS} uh okay People used to buy flour not in a little bag like this but in a great big {NS} 166: And they used to take wheat and have it ground up too #1 we did we made home # Interviewer: #2 Yes 'm yes # 166: made we'd have it carried {NS} lot of it to {NS} mill Interviewer: Yes 'm {NS} 166: and have it ground up. Interviewer: mm-hmm what did you call the amount that you took to the mill do you remember a word for it? 166: Well we carried a lot of it if had the children was home and hadn't always had {NS} niggers to help 'em {NS} so we'd have to take a right smart of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever {NS} have you heard the word a turn a turn of meal 166: A turn uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that would you have said that {NS} just to mean the amount that you take #1 one # 166: #2 It's any # amount you carried. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh {NS} What about something that you might have to roll off of a wagon something kind of big and on a couple of logs something kind of big what uh it's shaped maybe this high and kind of rounded maybe it has something around it's maybe wood {NS} and uh something around it to hold it together {NS} I think they pack the tobacco in it maybe some places {NS} 166: I don't know what that is Interviewer: um {NS} 166: I ought to know it but I can't think right now. {NS} Interviewer: uh maybe they kept uh {NS} meal or flour in it or maybe even sugar. {NS} uh a long time ago we'll {NS} talk about that once more. {NS} What about what did molasses come in when you used to buy it in rather large quantities? {NS} 166: Come in five gallon cans. Interviewer: Okay 166: We used to make it and we kept it in {NS} jars save it up in jars Interviewer: okay- {NS} 166: But you can put it in anything you want #1 to. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 166: We put ours in jars and in cans too we put it in cans Interviewer: What about how did you keep the lard? {NS} 166: You store {NS} dry the {NS} lard up and put it in the pantry {NS} Interviewer: #1 And uh what kind of container # 166: #2 it stay that # {NS} Can uh {NS} can {NS} can Interviewer: Okay. 166: fifty pound. Interviewer: A fifty and you call that the lard {NS} 166: We used to make four or five {NS} cans a year {X} Interviewer: Did you ever call it a stand or a lard stand or {NS} no? 166: mm-mm Interviewer: Just a can okay. {NS} And what about if you had a {NS} a glass dish that you put on the table with maybe molasses or syrup or something {NS} s- 166: Oh {NS} what do you call it? Interviewer: Would you call that a stand? {NS} 166: Syrup {NS syrup pitcher. Interviewer: Pitcher okay. {NS} And what do you use to pour water into a bottle that has a real narrow top you had to put something up into pouring? 166: I know it I done just did it. Interviewer: Ha. {NS} What do you call that thing on {NS} funnel maybe? 166: Funnel uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and if you want your horses to go faster when you're riding you have to use a? {NS} 166: Whip. {NS} Interviewer: And uh {NS} if you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put them in a? {NS} What would he put 'em in for you? 166: Paper bag. {NS} Interviewer: And uh What about if it were made of cloth {NS} what would you call it? 166: {D: lord} we used to we buy flour was to take that flour sack and wash 'em and make {NS} children little pants out of 'em #1 long time ago. # Interviewer: #2 yes # Yes and that was called they didn't call that a bag they called that a sack? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: Get the letters out of it you'd have to soak and get the letters out of it and I {NS} bought my chicken feed that way too. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: I had I'd wash 'em and then sell them things twenty-five cents a piece and niggers would buy them and {NS} make dresses out of 'em. Interviewer: {D: Really?} Okay. 166: They hundred pound. Interviewer: Yes 'm what about uh uh {NS} the l- the heavy rough cloth {NS} that they use to carry maybe potatoes in or uh {NS} uh {NS} #1 The # 166: #2 We used to # call them sacks we used to put our potatoes in a sack and then take 'em and {NS} put some straw down in a deep hole and bed 'em and they {X} {NS} Interviewer: Do you remember uh using a word to say a certain kind of a sack? {NS} #1 To disting- # 166: #2 cotton sacks. # Interviewer: What? 166: Cotton sacks. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard uh {NS} toe sack {NS} or gunny sack {NS} 166: mm-mm Interviewer: burlap bag? {NS} 166: Burlap I heard of that. Interviewer: #1 Burlap you say? # 166: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: Okay. {NS} um {NS} When the light burns out in an electric lamp you say you have to put in a new? {NS} You know that thing you turn in? 166: {NS} {X} {C: laughter} Interviewer: {X} {C: laughter} Sometimes you use 'em when you planting flowers your gladiolas for example or {NS} you plant {NS} not seed but the little {NS} 166: uh {NS} Roots? Interviewer: Bul- {NS} 166: Bulbs. #1 Bulbs that's # Interviewer: #2 And that's a # {NS} {D: If put} 166: That's what that is that's bulbs. Interviewer: Okay a light bulb #1 say that # 166: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: word for me please. 166: Light bulb. Interviewer: Yes ma'am okay When you carry the washing out to hang it on the line you carry it out in what? {NS} 166: Baskets Interviewer: okay 166: I got uh one of these big baskets about that high. {NS} Interviewer: And uh what do nails come in? {NS} Do you remember when they bought {NS} 166: used to come in uh little boxes Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 used # to but it's changed now you go buy 'em and in just {NS} Interviewer: paper bag 166: paper bags Interviewer: Okay {NS} uh have you uh ever heard it uh called a a keg? {NS} 166: Yeah I heard it called a keg a great big uh keg a round {NS} keg and it'd be about that high. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 When you were # going to buy 'em for a house anything you'd buy 'em in that keg. Interviewer: okay 166: But just what few I get I get in a paper sack. Interviewer: okay and a thing that looks like a #1 keg # 166: #2 But you don't # ever see none of them now. Interviewer: No. Well that's what I was asking you about a thing that looks like a keg but was bigger would be a what? {NS} Ba {NS} 166: {X} Interviewer: uh but a wooden thing like that not a bigger than a keg but a barrel. 166: Barrel uh-huh Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 in big barrels. # Interviewer: Barrel that's the one I was wondering about cuz #1 you don't see them any more do you? # 166: #2 {X} # no {NS} Okay and what is it that goes around the barrel or the keg to hold the wood together do you remember those little {NS} Interviewer: #1 Children used to like # 166: #2 That's hoops # I call I used to call them hoops. Interviewer: Yes ma'am #1 alright # 166: #2 See # they would tighten it. Interviewer: Right. {NW} And what about a um {NS} what you put in the top of a bottle. {NS} 166: Stopper. {NS} Interviewer: And uh it's made out of what material? {NS} 166: Now I don't know now what's these Coca-Cola bottles' tops #1 made out of? # Interviewer: #2 Now that's # a metal isn't it. 166: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember a long time ago when they used to put one in that stuck inside and it was kinda softer and spongier like? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: What did they call that do you remember? {NS} 166: No I don't. Interviewer: Uh {NS} Cor- {NS} 166: Cork. {NS} Cork. {NS} Cord. {NS} Corpse. Something like that. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard it called a stopple or a stipple or anything like that? 166: Yeah I've heard of stoppers. Interviewer: Stoppers 166: We use them lots. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And what about uh a musical instrument children play with like this? 166: Harp. {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} and what about one that's held between the teeth and plucked? {NS} 166: I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Okay #1 Uh # 166: #2 I think # I ought to know but I don't. Interviewer: Uh well I I'm not familiar with it either but it you hold it between your teeth and pick it with your fingers and it'd make a twanging noise they say. Have you ever heard of a jew's harp? {NS} 166: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah? {NS} How would you call it? {NS} 166: Yeah harps what I call #1 it. # Interviewer: #2 Um # just a just {NS} #1 but it's different from just a # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NS} Okay and what do you drive nails with? 166: Hammer. {NS} Interviewer: And uh {NS} what if you have a wagon. {NS} 166: Yeah we had a wagon. Interviewer: Did you have a wagon with two horses what do you call that long thing that went in between the horses? 166: That was uh. {NS} I don't know what to call that I ought to know raised with it. {NS} Interviewer: Uh um Well evidently they called sometimes they called it a tongue or sometimes #1 a pole. # 166: #2 Yeah # it's tongue you got that right #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # {NS} And what about if you have a horse pulling a buggy what are the two things out beside him that you fasten to {NS} the buggy? {NS} 166: Buggy {NS} {D: Oh now} right on in my tongue my head's got dizzy. {C: laughs} Interviewer: Uh is it uh shafts or 166: Yeah #1 Buggy shafts # Interviewer: #2 How would # 166: uh-huh. Interviewer: okay {NS} Alright well what about one of those buggy wheels or wagon wheel {NS} the uh the outside part do you remember what they call that the metal part? {NS} 166: To a buggy {NW} {NS} Interviewer: To a wheel {NS} you know? {NS} Uh like the wheel in the in the very middle of it that big thing in the middle of it's called the? {NS} 166: It's called a wheel is what I always called Interviewer: #1 Oh # 166: #2 it. # Interviewer: yeah the whole {NS} thing is a wheel. {NS} And the things that go out like this are called spokes? {NS} 166: yeah {NS} Interviewer: And what's that thing in the middle of it do you remember? {NS} 166: No I don't. Interviewer: Uh I uh maybe hub? {NS} 166: Well I think it #1 is I'm not sure. # Interviewer: #2 Okay um # Uh what about uh you know this is {NS} may or may not remember might have ever never had any contact with it but something that outside uh {NS} part of the wheel do you remember that as being the rim? {NS} 166: I sorta say that. Interviewer: Yeah? 166: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: uh the {NS} 166: Just fixing to say it #1 {D: before you said.} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # uh what about have you ever heard uh {NS} uh {NS} of felly? {NS} 166: What? Interviewer: Felly as a part of a wheel {NS} the felly? {NS} 166: I don't remember that I #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I didn't either # I didn't think there was one of the words in here and I wanted to see if you I 166: {D: had um} {NS} We used to have the wheels but I never did mess with such as that #1 since my husband # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 166: fooled with it. Interviewer: Right 166: Hub now I remember the hub part. Interviewer: Yes 'm Do you remember what when they were going to plow {NS} uh a piece of wood across the back that the animal was hitched to? {NS} A piece of wood {NS} like this it had a hook on each end and the harness or something was fastened to it and then you pulled on that. {NS} 166: Yeah I remember but we now I don't remember us ever doing it but {NS} that's a level uh {NS} Interviewer: #1 uh # 166: #2 a land # off I reckon Interviewer: Okay uh. {NS} 166: That's what I Interviewer: A leveler did you call it or what about a singletree do you know what a single #1 tree is? # 166: #2 Well a # singletree you hitch that to the mule you know. Interviewer: Yes. 166: That's {NS} Interviewer: You remember anything else that might have been called? {NS} What about if there were two of them you know like there were two mules pulling? {NS} 166: mm-hmm {NS} They called that singletree. Interviewer: okay {NS} #1 Okay # 166: #2 That's # what we always called Interviewer: Alright and if you had apparently if you had uh {NS} like a singletree here and a singletree here and then there'd be a thing back here that pulled both of them together somehow {NS} apparently that was sometimes called a doubletree that doesn't uh {NS} 166: It's double uh two mules do it at once. Interviewer: #1 Yeah it was two mules? # 166: #2 Yeah # that's double. Interviewer: Double tree. {NS} Okay {NS} and uh if a man had a load of wood on his wagon and he was driving along what would you say he was doing he's? 166: Haulin- hauling wood. Interviewer: yes 'm {NS} And if there's a log across the road then you'd say #1 uh # 166: #2 It's a log. # Interviewer: {NS} mm-hmm and you might say {NS} I tied a rope to it and {NS} 166: Drug it out. Interviewer: Yes 'm {NS} and uh {NW} What about the thing you use to break the ground with in the spring? {NS} 166: Harrow. {NS} Interviewer: Uh okay and was that the first one that you used did you use something that kind of turned it went in a blade and {NS} sort of turned it over {NS} before the {NS} #1 Before the harrow # 166: #2 They used to # {NS} have plows that would do that. Interviewer: bef- did you use that before you used the harrow? {NS} 166: No use harrow first. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh what do you remember and different kinds of {NS} harrows or different names for 'em? {NS} 166: No that's all I've ever known. Interviewer: Okay {NS} Uh {NS} You ever heard of a spring tooth harrow? {NS} 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: {NS} What is a spring do you know do your remember uh {NS} what a spring toothed harrow was? {NS} 166: I we just called it harrow #1 I think. # Interviewer: #2 No there was it was a harrow. # 166: It was a harrow. Interviewer: Okay {C: 166 laughs} 166: {NW} Interviewer: And the wheels of a wagon fit onto that thing that goes across under it #1 it's in a cart. # 166: #2 Under it across. # {NS} What is it cross {NS} Interviewer: uh {NS} 166: Cross something. {NS} Interviewer: Uh no a cross piece #1 crossguard # 166: #2 a cross # Interviewer: What about the things that go between the wheels of a car? {NS} The {NS} axle or axe what do you do you know {NS} you know an ax- you know axle? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: That's is that the same uh 166: Just I say that's on the same thing that Interviewer: okay 166: only it's different {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 {D: different} # material and everything. Interviewer: {NS} Do you remember a word for a thing that you might lay a log across to chop the end of saw it off? {NS} 166: Saw. {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} uh the the saw would be the thing you pulled back and forth well what about a frame like that you might have had two things like this and you'd lay a log across it and? {NS} 166: Saw it up. Interviewer: uh-huh 166: That's what we used to do. Interviewer: Okay you remember a {NS} it's uh a {NS} one like this {NS} that things were laid across you know a wooden thing like this that came to a point like there'd be a leg down this way and a leg down this way and they'd take two of 'em and lay a plank across it. {NS} No? {NS} 166: No I don't I don't remember that. Interviewer: Yeah well when they saw the big logs up didn't they have to get them up in the air? {NS} 166: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: How did 166: #1 Couldn't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: saw 'em on the ground. Interviewer: right 166: and that's {NS} cross {NS} cross something. Interviewer: uh {NS} 166: But they put it in there because I I've had to saw on 'em. Interviewer: Okay {NS} You helped saw? 166: Yeah Interviewer: yes? 166: I ought to know what it #1 is. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # well easy to forget okay. {NS} You uh when you're when you get up you straighten your hair with a comb and uh {NS} 166: Brush. {NS} Interviewer: And if you had a straight razor to sharpen it you'd use a leather {NS} 166: {D: They had to use sharpen these old time razors} {NS} long then but after you got to electric it was different. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 166: What do you call that thing? A strap? Interviewer: Okay {NS} And what what sort of ammunition do you put in a revolver? {NS} 166: Shells. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh if they're they're the whole load things into the {NS} not the shells go in shotguns too is there #1 do you remember? # 166: #2 That's what I was saying. # Interviewer: yes 'm The little ones for the revolvers might be called a cart- {NS} Remember one that starts cartridge? {NS} 166: Cartridge. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And what about a kind of toy that you might make for the children to play on a plank laid over a {NS} some sort of a support. 166: A log and then Interviewer: #1 One'd sit on each end. # 166: #2 jump up on mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NW} #1 What is- # 166: #2 Seesaw. # Interviewer: Okay. What about one that you started telling me about I think it has a support here and a support here and plank across it and they'd sit on it and jump #1 up in the middle. # 166: #2 {D: What?} # {NS} They'd um stand on it and jump you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 166: Go up and down one on one end one on the other and one would go this way and {NS} the other one would go the other way and I don't know what you call it. {NS} Interviewer: Okay you ever heard of a joggling board? {NS} 166: It might be I don't Interviewer: You don't remember okay. {NS} Well what about a kind of homemade uh {NS} uh toy that would be like a post or something in a {NS} a plank nailed on it that would go around and around? 166: We um {NS} we um {NS} Interviewer: Have you ever heard uh 166: Wheel that's what I call a wheel. Interviewer: Okay 166: just like grinding soap up Interviewer: And if the children uh-huh are playing uh {NS} on the seesaw what do you say they're doing they're {NS} 166: Seesawing. {NS} Interviewer: And what do you the thing that is suspended from a limb of a tree {NS} with ropes and they sit in it and 166: Swing. {NS} Interviewer: And uh what do you carry coal in? 166: Bucket. {NS} Interviewer: And uh uh what goes from the stove out here up to the chimney up? {NS} 166: Sto- um {NS} What is this? {NS} Stove flue no it's not the flute Interviewer: #1 Is the flue up in # 166: #2 Pipe pipe. # Interviewer: Pipe okay what's the flue that thing up there that it goes into? {NS} Okay And what about a little small thing a little vehicle to carry bricks or other heavy things in it has a little wheel in front and two handles {NS} 166: That's that's a {NS} wheelbarrow. {NS} Interviewer: And uh {NS} if you have a blade like a scythe or something {NS} uh that you had out on the farm maybe that you use to uh sharpen it with what would you call what you use to #1 sharpen? # 166: #2 We just # we just sharpen on a {NS} turn it you turn it over Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What did you call that do you remember? {NS} 166: Oh goodly I look like I ought to remember. Interviewer: #1 Well there are several names here # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: whetstone rubstone whetrock? 166: Whetrock. Interviewer: #1 Whetrock? # 166: #2 Whetrock mm-hmm. # Interviewer: {NS} Okay {NS} or what about if it uh {NS} is is I guess bigger and on a stand #1 and you can't # 166: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: move it around what about a grind stone #1 or a # 166: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: grind you remember #1 that one too? # 166: #2 Grindstone uh-huh. # You didn't do that with a wheel too. Interviewer: {NW} 166: Have a hole in in it and it goes through {NS} wheel. {NS} I left mine out yonder {NS} ought to brought it with me. Interviewer: Yeah ha ha 166: {D: it moves} Interviewer: Mm-kay and the thing that uh {NS} that you have to do if the car {NS} uh at intervals you have to take the car to lubricate it you say I have to {NS} 166: Get it um {NS} Interviewer: #1 Are you # 166: #2 Tuned up # I reck- Interviewer: Okay and what about if you cook {NS} or fry meat you have to pour off the 166: Grease. {NS} Interviewer: and uh {NS} if you uh {NS} {C: audio quality changes} uh {NS} if you're cooking and you get uh grease on your hands you say oh what a mess my hands are all? {NS} 166: Greasy. Interviewer: mm-kay And if you have a door hinge that's squeaking what do you say you ought to do to it? {NS} 166: Put some grease on it Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 oil on it. # Interviewer: Some what? 166: Oil put some oil on it. {NS} Interviewer: And what is it that you used to burn in lamps? {NS} 166: Kerosene {NS} Interviewer: Do you still ever use that? 166: No I don't 'em now I use current. Interviewer: The electricity never goes off here? {NS} 166: No we didn't have electric then when I was coming on you talking about when I was Interviewer: #1 Yes ma'am. # 166: #2 coming on? # We didn't have electric then. {NS} We used straight old lamps and we had wash 'em and put kerosene in 'em nearly every day. Interviewer: mm mm-kay {NS} Uh did you ever hear of a long time ago {NS} uh making uh {NS} a kind of makeshift lamp and you'd use maybe a {NS} a rag and a {NS} a bottle with some kerosene. 166: Yeah mm-hmm Interviewer: What did you call that do you remember? {NS} 166: I don't know what the name of it was but you could you'd get a {NS} thing and put in there wick what you put in there and you could burn it just like a lamb lamp. {NS} Interviewer: W- did you ever do that? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Yes would you just call it a light or something? 166: Yeah mother did when I was growing up I seen her do it lot of times when she was way back in the old times showing up. Interviewer: Sure did you ever hear that called a a torch or a flambone you ever hear it called a flambone? {NS} 166: I been call a torch I never heard of flambone. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and um {NS} toothpaste generally comes in a {NS} 166: Tube. {NS} Interviewer: And uh if uh if somebody had a boat that they were going to put into the water then they might say they're going to uh {NS} to put it in the water {NS} 166: Swim? {NS} Interviewer: uh {NS} What about if they're going to put the boat in the water how would they say that they're going down to the river maybe to put the {NS} the boat in the water how would they say that they're going to? {NS} 166: Well in them days they didn't have boats. Interviewer: Right there weren't any boats #1 around? # 166: #2 uh # There weren't any then when I was coming up course it got {NS} older I got they come in. Interviewer: Right. 166: But they didn't have boats then. Interviewer: You didn't have river or a a stream near where you lived? {NS} 166: Yeah they had streams {NS} creeks and #1 things # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 166: but that's why they're going to go swimming Interviewer: #1 Right. # 166: #2 {D: that's just what that} # that's as shallow as it take. Interviewer: Right {NS} and uh they didn't uh your your father never built a moat or anything to go fishing in? 166: uh-huh {NS} He died when I was twelve years old and I don't #1 remember. # Interviewer: #2 Don't remember that's right. # {NS} #1 Um # 166: #2 Remember him # but I mean don't nothing like that I know he didn't do nothing like that though. Interviewer: You never did go fishing yourself? {NS} 166: One time Interviewer: Is that right? 166: and I fell in the pond. Interviewer: Oh no {C: laughs} 166: {D: I fell} {NS} year before last my sister wanted to go fishing so we went out there {NS} got in the boat {NS} and there's a lady {NS} and her husband up there start crying {NS} I caught a fish first one I ever caught. {NS} Interviewer: And you were excited? 166: And then threw it back again and I caught another one {NS} it went dead and went over chair and all in the pond. {C: int laughs} Interviewer: like 166: {D: threw me down yeah} Interviewer: yes and how long ago was that? 166: It's a wonder I hadn't a drowned. {NW} I went up and the chair went with me. Interviewer: {C: laughs} 166: But I got excited #1 and the # Interviewer: #2 sure # 166: lady was talking to me {NW} you got it you got it {B} you got it and so {NS} that's how come me to get excited #1 you know? # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 166: I went over into the pond yeah I'll remember that the rest of my life. {NS} You ought to've seen me when I got home oh {X} Interviewer: {C: laughs} 166: And I kept my glasses on and my teeth in my mouth too but I lost one shoe. {NS} Interviewer: {C: laughs} {NS} 166: You didn't want all that in there though. Interviewer: Oh that's fine. {NS} If um {NS} if a child is learning to dress himself the mother may bring his clothes in to him and say {NS} 166: {X} Interviewer: Okay 166: put 'em on. Interviewer: {NS} and uh {NS} If uh you're about to have an {NS} election and uh {NS} I ask you if you think uh {NS} oh uh {NS} uh Jimmy Carter is gonna be president you might say {NS} no I don't think so but. {NS} 166: But the other one will Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 {D: Whoever running} # Interviewer: {NS} Or some people do or something mm okay. {NS} If you uh {NS} if you met a little boy in the street and he seems afraid you might tell him {NW} you're not going to hurt him you say don't cry I {NS} 166: I'd try to find his mother for him. Interviewer: Okay {NS} uh 166: And of course I'd tell him not to cry too. Interviewer: Uh {NS} um {NS} If you want to say that uh oh its you want to pet a dog or something that belongs to child you might say {NS} send your dog over here I {NS} or hurt him I how would you say that I would I just want to pet him I. {NS} 166: Want to pet the dog. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} uh {NW} if you're having an argument with someone and if you want to ask him if he didn't think you were right about this you might say {NS} well um you think I'm right {NS} and I'm right. {NS} 166: I was I know I'm right. Interviewer: Okay and if you want to ask him if he thinks so too you might say don't or {NS} do you don't you {NS} 166: He's liable to disagree. Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} If um {NS} if you were going into town with the uh eh your family and uh {NS} and someone you offered someone else a ride {NS} and they thanked you for it you might say oh don't mention it we were? {NS} 166: Going anyway. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh {NS} if you were talking about the old days when everything was different you might lean back and say oh {NS} the good old days {NS} 166: That's right. Interviewer: The how would you say that? {NS} 166: I still say that was good old days when we was coming up #1 it was hard days # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 166: but it was good days. Interviewer: Yes ma'am alright. {NS} And uh if somebody says uh {NS} was that {NS} you I saw in town yesterday you might say no it {NS} 166: s- s- somebody else Interviewer: okay {NS} it {NS} not me how would you say that it? {NS} 166: Cuz I was home working. Interviewer: Okay it uh {NS} not me it {NS} it what it wasn't me how would you say that it what? {NS} 166: I say it wasn't. {NS} Interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 166: #2 It # wasn't me. {NS} Interviewer: and uh {NS} if a woman wants to buy a dress {NS} of a certain color {NS} she might take a little square of cloth with her to the store and she'd say she's going to use it as a? {NS} 166: Sample. {NS} Interviewer: And uh if you're talking about a dress that you like very much {NS} and uh but then there's on that you like even better you might say well that's a? {NS} 166: Pretty. Interviewer: But that other one is even? {NS} 166: Prettier. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. {NS} And what might you wear over your dress in the kitchen? {NS} 166: Apron house coat one. Interviewer: Okay and if you want to sign your name in ink you have to use a {NS} to write with? 166: Pen. {NS} Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place you use a? {NS} 166: Safety pin. {NS} Interviewer: Uh how's that? 166: Safety pins you have to pin them on. Interviewer: okay and 166: They're different though now. Interviewer: You don't have to have a pin. 166: {D: No you have to double the} I had to put three pins in 'em {NS} when I was raising my children. {NS} {X} {NS} {C: sawing?} Interviewer: And um {NS} uh soup if you buy soup you usually get it in a what? {NS} 166: You mean a size? Interviewer: Uh a soup uh if you buy soup it comes in a what? {NS} 166: Jar. {NS} Interviewer: Or a? {NS} 166: Can. {NS} Interviewer: What kind of can what's it made of? {NS} 166: Do what? Interviewer: What is the can made of usually? {NS} 166: Aluminum isn't it? Interviewer: Aluminum or it might be just a? {NS} 166: I don't really know but there's another {NS} that's a can about all I know. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh it it the you might say {NS} well uh we had a drinking cup out there and it was made of {NS} 166: {D: glassware} {NS} Interviewer: #1 {D: Glass alright} # 166: #2 Y- Yeah # {D: If it's a glass whatever it it glassware.} Interviewer: And if it was one of those silver looking ones you might say hand me that? {NS} A kind of cup but not a glass one but a metal one {NS} 166: Like right on down there? Interviewer: Right now that's uh plastic isn't it? {NS} No? 166: No. Interviewer: Oh it's glass? {NS} 166: yeah {NS} Interviewer: Oops. {NS} 166: type of glass is that? {X} but it's a cup. Interviewer: Yes okay. 166: From nineteen look on there. Interviewer: Oh it's uh the bicentennial cup. 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: That's right seventeen #1 years. # 166: #2 I won # them playing bingo. {NS} uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: Well a long time ago maybe {NS} uh if you had a {NS} a cup that you uh {NS} drank water out of out on the porch {NS} 166: Tin cup. Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: Yeah that's what you put out on the porch I imagine that's what we used to do. Interviewer: Right. 166: We used to have dippers too. Interviewer: Right. 166: Gourd dippers. Interviewer: Gourds? 166: Gourd. {NS} Cut {NS} cut around you know and have a half handle. {NS} That's the best water you can drink. Interviewer: Right {NS} and uh you might say a dime is worth {NS} how much? {NS} 166: What? {NS} Interviewer: A dime is worth? {NS} 166: Two nickels. Interviewer: Or {NS} 166: One piece. Interviewer: uh yes or if you're talking about how many pennies or cents you might say it's worth? {NS} A dime is worth uh {NS} two nickels or {NS} 166: Two nickels is all I know. Interviewer: If you count how many pennies or how many #1 cents? # 166: #2 Oh. # {NS} Ten #1 pennies. # Interviewer: #2 {D: No} # just want you know how you pronounce that. 166: You better tell. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: laughs} Okay and when you go out in the winter time and it's cold you have to put on a? {NS} 166: Coat on. {NS} Sweater. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 166: They gonna take you down and get through with me if we keep answering #1 {D: this fast. } # Interviewer: #2 No # no we're going fine you stop and tell me anything you want. {NS} Uh and you know what you uh you say talking about uh you might say oh look what pretty buttons that coat has. {NS} 166: In front. Interviewer: How 166: In front. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} and um {NS} sometimes a a man between his shirt and his coat he wears another little? {NS} 166: A vest. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Okay and a man's suit consists of a coat and a vest and his? {NS} 166: Shorts {NS} Interviewer: Alright uh but the suit #1 suit itself. # 166: #2 Pants. # Interviewer: Okay {NS} and um {NS} you use any other words or remember any other words for a man's pants would you say any other way? {NS} What about the kind of uh {NS} uh uh man's wearing a pair of he used to wear to work out in the fields in? {NS} 166: That's overalls. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} 166: That's what my husband used to work in. Interviewer: Right. 166: and of that they they {NS} Wasn't tied around here and that's all he wanted was overall. Interviewer: And they fastened up here? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: What did he call those things that fastened? {NS} 166: um {NS} What did he call 'em straps I believe. Interviewer: Some kind of straps or gallus? {NS} You ever heard 'em called a gallus or galluses? {NS} 166: Must've been might've been galluses all along to overalls cross back here and come here you know and fasten there that's {C: int coughs} call that. Interviewer: Maybe uh maybe galluses or maybe just 166: And there's hard washing cuz you gotta Interviewer: I bet so #1 {X} # 166: #2 Overalls are # hard to wash. {NS} Interviewer: What about uh the uh {NS} the things that men wear sometimes they may wear around the waist to hold the trousers up and they wear a? {NS} 166: Belt. Interviewer: And sometimes they wore those things over this way to hold them up with what did they call them? {NS} 166: {X} {NS} #1 Vest # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: uh under vest. Interviewer: Uh no I'm talking about the one that fastened on to the trousers here and in the back the a kind of strap like {NS} they held men's pants up with? {NS} #1 uh # 166: #2 {X} # {NS} Called something I don't know what #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Sus- # Suspenders 166: Yeah that's what it is. Interviewer: How would you say that? {NS} 166: Suspenders. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} #1 And you # 166: #2 I know # my husband used to wear 'em when I was Interviewer: right. 166: but I couldn't think to save my life. Interviewer: And if you go outdoors in the winter time without your coat somebody might run after you and bring it to you and say here I've {NS} your coat I've {NS} 166: I reckon if it's cold I take it. Interviewer: You take it you'd have to have it. {C: laughter} Okay but if you got it if you forgot it or one of the children forgot it then you might uh. {NS} 166: Send it back. Interviewer: Right and you might say to uh {NS} Johnny come here I've brought your coat or I {NS} your coat to you how would you tell him that? If you had taken it you'd say sonny I've {NS} 166: Take it back? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh if uh {NS} um {NS} Somebody wants to show you something one of the children wants to show you something it's in their hands and small you might say well I can't see it I can't see it. {NS} It here bring {NS} W- how would you tell him to uh that you want him to come closer with it you might say well bri- {NS} Bring it here? {NS} 166: Br- What? Interviewer: Would you just say well I can't see it over there bring 166: Bring it to me. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 166: I'm hard of hearing in this ear here #1 over # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: here and do alright but it's just a little bit harder to hear. Interviewer: Okay well maybe I'll sit over this way. {NS} And uh {NS} if you told someone to bring you uh {NS} something and uh the one they {NS} brought to you wasn't the right one you might say oh look you've {NS} the wrong one. {NS} 166: Go back and get the right one. Interviewer: Right you brought the wrong one how would you say it to 'em tell 'em this isn't the right one you {NS} the wrong one. {NS} 166: I'd tell 'em go get {NS} go get the other. Interviewer: Go get the other one. {NS} and uh {NS} if um {NS} you might say uh this coat won't fit me this year {NS} but last year it? {NS} 166: It fit. {NS} Interviewer: okay. 166: I got some clothes right now in the same sea I fell off so much Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 166: #2 I got some # that's too big and some that's {NS} too small. Interviewer: Right and they fit last year you said 166: Yeah they fit last year but don't fit now. Interviewer: uh-huh 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: And if your uh if a man's uh clothes are worn out you might say well I've got to go to the store and buy a? {NS} 166: I say what I'd have to save is kind of a while to patch 'em. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Hey uh okay {C: laughs} # 166: #2 I patched a # fair many pair #1 of overalls # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 166: pants too. {NS} Them days they'd patch 'em but now they throw 'em away. {NS} Interviewer: Alright and if a man has a matching coat and a pair of pants and he's just bought it {NS} it's not a new one it's not an old one it's a? {NS} 166: New one. Interviewer: New what new? {NS} 166: Suit. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. {NS} Alright and if you stuff a lot of things in the pockets of something it makes them {NS} 166: {D: somehow that's um} {NS} That's uh pocket books. Interviewer: uh-huh and if you've got uh you know a pocket on your dress {NS} or your apron you stuff a lot of things in there and it makes them do what? 166: Stick out? Interviewer: Okay and did you ever use a word like bul- {NS} To say look how {NS} 166: Bulk? {NS} Interviewer: Uh bulge out {NS} 166: uh-huh Interviewer: #1 How # 166: #2 I # use that a lot. Interviewer: How do you say that? {NS} 166: Bulge out. Okay {NS} Interviewer: #1 And # 166: #2 I take 'em out # my pocket now I got dresses with them on 'em and they stick out I call 'em stick out. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and uh if uh {NS} you wash something in hot water {NS} and it gets smaller you might say it uh would? {NS} 166: Too hot. {NS} Interviewer: The water would be too hot and what would it do if it got smaller the dress or the sweater would {NS} 166: Shrink. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And if you washed it yesterday you might say look it {NS} 166: {D: smalled up} {NS} Interviewer: It uh how? {NS} 166: Drawed up. Interviewer: Drawed up alright #1 {X} # 166: #2 I gave one # away the other day as I've learned putting in hot water. Interviewer: Yeah it's easy to do that isn't it? Alright and if you'd say that it it say it {NS} shrink yesterday you might say it sh- {NS} Another way would {NS} 166: Shrunk? Interviewer: Okay {NS} and um #1 When you # 166: #2 I don't know what I'm say # answer it right Interviewer: Yeah not it's just whatever you say is right. {C: laughter} It's the different ways of saying it you know. {NS} And um {NS} What are the different ways that maybe you might hear somebody talking about a {NS} a girl getting all pretty to go to a party you might say she's 166: {X} Beautiful Interviewer: Alright and uh if she's enjoying getting herself ready you might say she really likes to {NS} what would you say about the way she does that she likes to {NS} to dress up any other ways you remember of saying that? 166: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: #1 She likes to # 166: #2 Long # time ago there wasn't much dressing up to it. {D: there was} You just put on what you got and on you went didn't have time for all this dressing up they do now. Interviewer: Right do you remember any ways that uh {NS} your mother or older people might say to dress up? {NS} pretty up or fix up or {NS} 166: {D: they had to} Fix the hair. Interviewer: uh-huh 166: They always wore it when I was growing you know they wore it back here. {NS} When I was small they wore it in pigtails {NS} plaited. {NS} And um {NS} then {NS} from then on you know they changed. Interviewer: Right you had it cut {X} 166: Never did see mama with no no way that here hair just balled up back here and she lived to ninety-six years old. Interviewer: Is that right? {NS} Okay and what do you call the small leather container with a clasp on it that women carry their money in you usually you say its- 166: Pocketbook Interviewer: Okay 166: Billfold. {NS} Interviewer: Okay what about um {NS} purse do you 166: Purse? Interviewer: you use that? 166: Yeah I use that too. Interviewer: Okay how do you call it? {NS} 166: #1 Purse # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {NS} And what does a woman wear around her wrist? {NS} 166: Watch? Interviewer: And if it doesn't tell the time it's just for decoration you might say it's a? {NS} 166: Stopped. {NS} Interviewer: Okay if it's not a watch if it's just something that looks pretty you know maybe it's pearls or something it's not a watch it's a? {NS} a bra- {NS} 166: {NW} {NS} What is it now it's right on the end of my tongue. Interviewer: {C: laughs} {NS} Um bracelet do you say? 166: Yeah you can say bracelet. Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} And what about dif- a little things strung together to wear around your 166: Beads. Interviewer: How 166: Beads. Interviewer: okay {NS} And if you're talking about them you might say {NS} put on this {NS} of beads how would you say 166: Match the dress too. Interviewer: Okay would you call it a {NS} say uh that's a real pretty {NS} of beads real pretty what real pretty {NS} 166: I say beads Interviewer: #1 okay # 166: #2 that's what # we used to call 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh would you be more likely to say a string of beads or a pair of beads? {NS} 166: String. Interviewer: String of beads okay. {NS} And uh. {NS} Uh what do you hold over you when it rains? {NS} 166: Parasol. {NS} Interviewer: Okay or a you only say parasol? {NS} 166: I just say parasol that's what we used them days but now they use {NS} these other things. Interviewer: uh-huh 166: My days it was parasol. {NS} Okay Interviewer: #1 What # 166: #2 You went to school # every morning and you thought it was going to rain you better take your parasol. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Well did uh {NS} did you have different kinds of them did you ever call 'em set of parasol call them an um- {NS} umbrella? {NS} 166: Yeah they call 'em umbrella. {NS} Interviewer: uh {NS} It wasn't a matter of which one you wore to keep the sun off was it? {NS} 166: uh-uh {NS} Interviewer: You just {NS} generally you said a parasol for when they're 166: I just say parasol for sun and um {NS} Interviewer: Rain. 166: Rain too. Interviewer: Right. {NS} Oh 166: Use 'em for both. {NS} Interviewer: But now you were talking about they might wear a little plastic uh {NW} thing over your head 166: I call 'em head rags. Interviewer: A head rag right. {C: 166 laughs} Okay 166: That's too new though to put in that. {NS} Interviewer: Uh what's the last thing when you're fixing the bed what's the last thing you put on it? {NS} 166: On what? Interviewer: On the bed when you're making up the bed in the bedroom you put 166: The spread last one. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And do you ever call that anything else ever if it's real fancy or something do you remember hearing it called anything besides a spread? {NS} 166: No I don't. Interviewer: Do you remember {X} counterpane or? {NS} 166: I got a new fancy one in there on that one my daughter gave me whether you call it a spread I reckon I don't know #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 166: {NS} looks real nice the one that she gave me at Christmas. Interviewer: Uh-huh and at the head of the bed you put your head on the? {NS} 166: Pillows. {NS} Interviewer: And on top of that uh the thing that you pull over the pillow is called a? {NS} 166: Sheet? Interviewer: Uh the little thing that the pillow slips in? 166: Pillow slips in. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 166: Pillow cases is what we call 'em Interviewer: Alright what about a real large on mrs {B} do you remember a real one that went all the way across the bed you know usually we had two of them. {NS} Do you remember one that went all the way across the bed? {NS} A single thing. {NS} 166: Quilt? {NS} Interviewer: Uh no up where the instead of two pillows {NS} You had a real long pillow. {NS} 166: I don't Interviewer: You don't remember something called a bolster? {NS} 166: Yes I remember bolsters Interviewer: #1 Bolster? # 166: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: {NS} Um you don't use them anymore? 166: No {X} {NS}{C: glitch?} People sleeps on two. {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} And uh {NS} um {NS} It may have either a blanket or a? {NS} 166: Spread. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 Or a quilt. # Blanket or a quilt either one. {NS} Interviewer: #1 And what # 166: #2 {D: You just} # make our quilts. Interviewer: Right. {NS} 166: I got some of 'em now. {NS} Give 'em gave away a whole lot of 'em when I moved here didn't think I'd ever use 'em #1 When I moved # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: But I say the current must go {NS} you shouldn't need 'em. {NS} Interviewer: That's right. 166: {NS} Oh we used to quilt we quilted {NS} piece up scraps and {NS} {D: cotton put in some} {NS} cotton in there #1 and quilt 'em. # Interviewer: #2 right. # 166: {NS} Do you remember that? {NS} Interviewer: Yes ma'am vaguely I remember seeing them and I remember ladies used to come to my grandmothers and they sit around a frame {X} 166: Have days of meeting and Interviewer: Right 166: help one another. Interviewer: Right. {NS} Uh what would you call a {NS} a little make {NS} shift {NS} place to sleep that you might make down on the floor for the children to lay on. {NS} 166: pallet pallet Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: You could put quilts down there {NS} double the quilt and put down there is what I used to do for mine. {NS} Interviewer: Right. 166: Keep from getting hurt. {NS} Interviewer: And if you uh {NS} are talking about soil thats very rich and will grow many crops you might say were you expecting a big crop from that field because the soil is so? {NS} 166: Not no soils uh it's not rich. Interviewer: uh-huh but if it is if it's #1 Very ri- # 166: #2 If it is uh-huh # Interviewer: {NS} Do you remember another word to say that the soil is is uh especially this is really good soil it's very {NS} Fert- {NS} 166: Lets see what do they call that? {NS} Fertilize. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 It's very # 166: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: fertile? 166: It make good fertilize. Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: I know we used to mix up cotton seed and compost together {NS} and put that in our cotton rows. {NS} Interviewer: #1 And that made it # 166: #2 It was um # Interviewer: That made it #1 good soil? # 166: #2 Oh yeah. # {NS} That's way the farmers used to do it. {NS} Put it up and let it rot good and then you'd have to put it in something and tie it around you {NS} put it out I done it many time. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Okay and um what do you call the {NS} flat lowland uh {NS} along the stream? {NS} 166: Flats. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} uh and the part that would be flooded in the springs maybe {NS} 166: That would be um {NS} holes. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 166: Um washers. {NS} Interviewer: Right well it's pretty good {NS} in general land is pretty level and flat around here in Americus {NS} and so forth isn't it? 166: But down here they had to move out {NS} right down here in town down there people had to move out when they had all them floods Interviewer: #1 {X} # 166: #2 down in a bottom. # Interviewer: Yes. 166: #1 That's what you # Interviewer: #2 Bottom is that what you call 'em # 166: call 'em there bottoms there. {NS} low {NS} Now see I'm up high but now some places is down low. Interviewer: yes 'm 166: {C: cough} Interviewer: Uh what would you call a field that might be a good for raising grass or clover alfalfa for uh {NS} Oh maybe uh 166: {C: cough} Interviewer: Having the cattle to graze on. {NS} 166: mm-hmm great for cattle to graze. {NS} Interviewer: Uh would you be likely 166: Oats and {NS} Rye and wheat that {C: coughs} things like that. Interviewer: Did you use that did you use meadow? {NS} Or would you say down in the meadow? {NS} A meadow {NS} 166: Meadow? Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} And use meadow to mean a {NS} pasture field {NS} 166: Not not that I remember. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh if it's low lying 166: We used {X} as a fertilizer in fields Interviewer: Right that's uh {NS} uh a kind of fertilizer how'd you call that? {NS} 166: {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 That's # fertilizer. Interviewer: mm yes {NS} If water stood on a area for a long time like a part of the year every year there was water there you might call that a what that's just a? 166: Call that a pond. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 It turns # green the water gets green and mosquitoes raise in it. Okay. Uh did you ever say swamp or marsh or bog for that? Yeah I say swamps and lakes. {NS} Interviewer: uh {NS} What do you do you remember hearing people talk about how it was what did they call that when it was down to the sea or the ocean it was a? {NS} uh the place where salt hay grows along do you remember anybody talk about that? {NS} That's a long way from here isn't it? {NS} 166: No I don't. Interviewer: Salt marsh or something 166: Long time ago there wasn't nothing like that we could hear or did I was a kid and I forgot it. Interviewer: Right you didn't travel much. {NS} What different kinds of soil might you have besides very rich soil {NS} uh if it was part sand and part clay for example would have a certain name that you remember for that? {NS} 166: Part sand and part {X} {NS} We just called it rich dirt. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh {NW} Around here do you have anything you call buckshot {NS} or loam or gumbo? {NS} Loam you remember calling it loam saw or loamy? {NS} 166: Yeah I've heard of loamy but I don't remember fooling with any of it. {NS} Now they using guano putting it out and you don't know what they using now. Interviewer: {D: right} 166: When I was coming up the {NS} biggest {NS} fertilizer they had was {NS} in the lot they go to the lots take the stuff in loads out of lots Interviewer: #1 Right it was land where they had the cattle in there? # 166: #2 {X} uh-huh # Interviewer: What did you call that then? 166: Compost. Interviewer: Compost. 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 Uh compost # 166: #2 {D: it had} # mules and Interviewer: The horse? 166: mm horses and cows and all and they made the best gardens you ever seen I wish I could get a hold of some now. {C: glitch?} Interviewer: Would you say compost rather than manure? mm-mm just call that compost. {C: comical glitch} I see {NS} uh what would manure {C: another comical glitch} {NS} 166: {X} Interviewer: okay {NS} Okay if something that you don't have any of these around here but up in north Georgia they do {NS} bigger than hills a great big? {NS} 166: Mountains. Interviewer: How's that? 166: Mountains. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and uh {C: another glitch} {NS} {X} the mountains uh like the road goes across through a low place that would be a? {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Okay and how was that you said you could cut a little place out you cut a {NS} 166: There gaps I call it Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 to # to go by. {X} Interviewer: A gap instead of a notch? {NS} 166: Well you can say notch Sure either one. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Alright # 166: #2 Rather have # done none of that. {NS} Just take scissors and cut straight. {NS} Interviewer: You don't use a pattern? {NS} Some- I be when the children was growing up I cut 'em at my desk most of the 166: #1 time. # Interviewer: #2 I see # wonderful I couldn't 166: #1 But now # Interviewer: #2 that # 166: they use that uh {X} {NS} to cut out and thing you know they use them scissors and #1 them get uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: {NS} whatever you call 'em. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Okay what is the place {NS} along uh {NS} uh a large amount of water that falls straight down you say like Niagara you say that's a {NS} a wa- {NS} 166: #1 It's Niagara # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: falls. Interviewer: Okay so that's a great big wa- {NS} 166: uh-huh Interviewer: Waterfall. 166: uh-huh Interviewer: How {NS} 166: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: how do you say it? {NS} 166: waterfall {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 166: Waterfalls I reckon. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And uh what are the different kinds of roads you might have around 166: Dirt roads. {NS} Interviewer: Right 166: Just regular old dirt roads. {NS} hills and up hills and red hills and {NS} Anything else you call a road it was dirt. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 166: #2 {D: ever since X} # {NS} Things is what we having now. Interviewer: And when they started uh maybe the county or the government fixing the roads how did they fix 'em first do you remember what they started doing? 166: Fixed 'em in around town most are like we got 'em now. {NS} But they finally got out in the country years ago. {NS} Interviewer: And what would you call that kind of a road that has been flattened out smoothed out that has has a hard thing put on it what do you call that? {NS} 166: You mean in the dirt? {NS} Interviewer: Uh after 166: Paved you call it a paved. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And uh {NS} what about if it has ground up stone {NS} on it not hard and smooth but uh {NS} a lot of little fine gravel what do you call? {NS} 166: You call it gravel. Interviewer: Okay #1 {X gravel} # 166: #2 That's what # We used to call it now I don't know what to call it now they give everything different names #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # {NS} What's that black stuff they put on it that's sticky? 166: Tar. Interviewer: Okay {NS} 166: Well I had to have tar put on my porch last week cost me two hundred and fifty dollars fix that porch Interviewer: #1 Sure # 166: #2 stop it # from leaking. Interviewer: {NS} To stop what? {NS} 166: Stop it from leaking. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Okay and um {NS} What about uh #1 little row # 166: #2 Don't you # want a chair? Interviewer: {NS} I'm fine this way I'm very comfortable 166: Well you could sit there and Ken can sit over here and give you more. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Well I might go around # 166: #2 {X talked about} # Interviewer: in a minute I just was thinking about getting um {NS} well I can sit on the floor for a little bit. {NS} uh what about um {NS} um {NS} roads around on the farm? {NS} What would you call them went from one field you know down into another? {NS} 166: That was just turning dirt roads nothing but just looking around the corners there just seeing yonder there didn't have no straight roads. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} um {NS} Would you ever say {NS} going down from the house to the barn maybe down the lane? {NS} No? 166: No I'd just say we're going to the barn I thought it {NW} we there was lands now that you go into the pasture {NS} Interviewer: #1 Lets say you're- # 166: #2 with cows and all # but just the barn around the house you say barn. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and the lane was that big enough to drive a wagon down or was that just to walk down? {NS} 166: Well it didn't, it's just it'd be just wide enough for you to go get out a branch and drive 'em up that lane home it wouldn't be as wide as from here to there. {NS} Interviewer: Okay 166: Just big enough to bring drive them in. Interviewer: Drive cows in? 166: Uh-huh keep from getting away from Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh {NS} Downtown like this right here in front of your house you walk down the what do you call that what you walk out here? {NS} 166: Sidewalk. Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} And uh do you have a Do you remember anybody using a word for that little grassy strip in between the sidewalk and the street? {NS} mm-mm 166: Bermuda grass standing there. Interviewer: Over- 166: But I don't see no bermuda grass {NS} here. {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay. {NS} If you're walking along the road and a dog jumps out at you and scares you what would you pick up and throw at him? 166: First thing I get my hands on. {NW} Interviewer: #1 It might be a what? # 166: #2 Big stick. # Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Okay and if you were telling somebody about it what would you say you did? {NS} Like I went down how and #1 And I was # 166: #2 The dog # scared to death I hit him. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh if you uh what would you say you threw at him? {NS} 166: Rock? Interviewer: Okay 166: If I could get one. {NS} Interviewer: And uh if a boy was uh {NS} kind of bad and he had a little pet dog and he came by and {NS} uh {NS} he picked up something you might say. {NS} Why that boy {NS} a rock at the dog. {NS} how would you say that that boy? {NS} #1 A rock. # 166: #2 Chumped a rock. # Interviewer: How 166: Chumped a rock at {NW} Interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NS} And if you go to somebody's house to see them and they say well Uh he's not at home no he's how would they say that he's mm? 166: mm I'd just tell 'em he wasn't there. Interviewer: Okay how would #1 say # 166: #2 {X} # pick the right answer to- He's not at home? Interviewer: Right how would you How would they be likely to say you went to say I'd like to see miss so and so and they say well she's {NS} 166: She's gone too. Interviewer: She's not {NS} 166: Shoot she might be shut up in the house but she might be gone #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # {NS} You were about to say um {NS} 166: I know a long time ago I knew a girl that um {NS} picked cotton {NS} in them days you went in buggies you know {NS} and that girl we picked together cotton together several of us and she'd lie down every time she see a buggy coming and she didn't pick no cotton for lying down in the cotton. Interviewer: You mean she just didn't want to be seen? 166: No she didn't want to be seen. Interviewer: #1 {D: she had to hide} # 166: #2 {D: Just shame just a shame} # uh-huh Interviewer: #1 Huh # 166: #2 {X} # I didn't care if you see me work. {NW} It was honest. I had to work for a living. Interviewer: Sure. {NS} Alright and uh talking about putting milk in coffee some people like it? {NS} #1 {D: milk} # 166: #2 Sweet # I like it black. Interviewer: Okay and others like it 166: Sugar and milk. Interviewer: uh okay uh {NS} Do you uh think of any other ways of saying coffee? {NS} Without milk and sugar you might say you like it black #1 any other? # 166: #2 I just # say black or straight. Interviewer: Okay black or straight {NS} and uh and that means you take it {NS} with {NS} without milk how would {NS} #1 {X} # 166: #2 {X} # can drink it without it. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And if somebody is not going away from you not walking away from you you might say well he's walking straight? {NS} 166: To you. {NS} Interviewer: Okay how's that walking straight? {NS} 166: Towards you. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} If uh you saw somebody you hadn't seen for a right good while you might say well I was downtown this morning and I {NS} #1 {D: saw someone} # 166: #2 {X} # s- saw him Interviewer: okay uh {NS} How would any other ways to say saw him you just happened to meet him in the street and you might say yesterday I in the #1 {D: store?} # 166: #2 Yesterday # I seen Interviewer: Okay. 166: so and so. Interviewer: Alright. uh I read a {NS} 166: Piece in the paper. Interviewer: {NW} Okay 166: I don't know what about though. Interviewer: {NW} Alright but would you ever use that to say I ran across somebody to say you just happened into 'em around guess who I ran across downtown? 166: Just run across them. Interviewer: Okay 166: Glad to see 'em Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And if a child is given the name that his father has you would say they named the child his father? 166: {NW} What do you call it two. Like he was battle battle two. Interviewer: #1 uh # 166: #2 Is that right? # Interviewer: Uh Well uh if you just 166: Named after his daddy. Interviewer: uh okay named after mm-hmm and uh If you're going hunting you need to take along a good hunting. {NS} I think we got that already uh {NS} It's not it's not a cat uh what's the animal it's not a cat it's a {NS} an animal that barks is a? 166: Dog. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And if if somebody is trying to make their dog attack another person's dog what would you say to him? {NS} 166: Say jump on him I reckon. Interviewer: Okay do you ever here uh {NS} Uh {NS} {D: Sic-y} {NS} Or {X} {NS} you ever say sic 'em on it? #1 No? # 166: #2 uh-uh # Interviewer: {NS} uh-uh 166: It's I have heard 'em sic dog uh dogs on hogs and cows now to get 'em to come home we used to have cows and hogs and we had some uh dogs they'd go to the field and get 'em. And they'd bring 'em home {NS} and I'd say catch 'em. {NS} Holler at 'em and say catch 'em now bring 'em home. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh what are the different kinds of {NS} little dogs that you might say very small dog that makes real noise 166: and I tell you you don't know a few {X} Interviewer: You don't care for 'em? 166: No my daughter come down here and bring her dog there a little tiny scrump I get mad and shut the door. Just in and out in and out in and out And her is a poodle and it's a cute little dog but I just don't want it running in and out of my house. Interviewer: No. 166: We used to have the collies out in the country {NS} and they were good dogs they worth something throw a piece of bread and let 'em go. {NS} These other little dogs have got to be fed. Interviewer: {NW} Just a nuisance huh? Okay If um if a dog liked to bite and uh if a child went by and you gotta you might say the boy what what by the dog? 166: Bit. Interviewer: Okay. And in a herd of cattle what do you call the male? 166: Uh they used to call him a boar. Interviewer: Okay 166: They didn't call him a straight out male or anything but now it's a male a male dog a male cow anything. But they used to call it Just a straight out boar Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 now. # That doesn't sound good but that's what they used to call it. Interviewer: Okay what about uh bull 166: Well they used to call 'em bulls too. Interviewer: uh Boar and bull #1 just # 166: #2 Was # just about the same thing. Interviewer: Same thing okay. and uh The one that you keep for milk is not a bull but a 166: And you would say heifer. Interviewer: okay #1 Or uh # 166: #2 {X} # Now they're called heifers before they find a calf now then then defined as milk cows. Interviewer: Okay and uh the animals that you may drive a cart to or a buggy they're uh or pull a plow with 166: That's uh Mule. Interviewer: okay and if they're 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 two of them # you would say that's a a mule 166: That's a mule and you know they used to use um What was them things they used to plow more than plow mules as much as plowed mules. Interviewer: Oh ox? 166: Oxen. uh-huh oxen. Interviewer: Do you ever see any of them? 166: Yeah I've seen them. had oxen been lots of times. Interviewer: It's your husband you haven't done it yourself? 166: No we never raise 'em ourselves but other people would have 'em and hitch two together and plow with 'em. Interviewer: And what did you call that thing that they hitched 'em in? a wooden? or wood ye- 166: It was something like a wagon. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} {C: distortion} # thing uh a yoke do they say? 166: {X} Fasten the heads together you know? Interviewer: Right if there were two of them you said a #1 a yoke? # 166: #2 {X} # Now if there's one they just put on on 'em but if there's {NW} two they'd have to connect 'em together. Interviewer: #1 right # 166: #2 and # goes from the bridle. Whatever they called it. Interviewer: Okay 166: so does the other one. Interviewer: And uh if there are two mules you call 'em a 166: Two mules. Interviewer: Uh would you say a pair or a #1 team? # 166: #2 Pair yeah # Pair uh-huh Interviewer: Okay. 166: Pair of mules. Interviewer: Alright uh what about uh if there were two oxen do you remember did they say a 166: They say it was two oxen. Interviewer: a pair or two? Just two okay. Do you ever hear uh a span of oxen? {X} 166: I never have heard of that. Interviewer: Okay UH 166: That's all a mule wants Interviewer: Yeah okay 166: older than I am and you. Interviewer: {NW} Okay And a little one when he's first born is a? Now it's gonna grow up to be cow but when it's first born it's a what? {NW} A baby? 166: Baby calf. Interviewer: Alright. And um uh And if you had a cow by the name Daisy, and she was expecting a calf, you might say? Daisy is going to in the spring or how would you say she's going she's expecting a calf she's going to? 166: If she's expecting one I'd take her and put her in the barn. #1 to herself. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # And would you say she did you I think you said you know going to find a calf was that the? 166: Find a calf. #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 okay # And the male horse what would he be called? {D: He's X} Male I believe is what all I've ever heard. Okay uh did you ever hear a stallion or a stud? #1 No? # 166: #2 No {X} # Interviewer: Okay um And uh the mules are the ones that are used for uh uh working generally but for riding people use? 166: Uh horses. Interviewer: Okay and just one is a? 166: Mule. Interviewer: {NW} We talk about horses but you say there's one? ho- You say two are horses but just one is a? 166: Male Interviewer: #1 Okay ca- # 166: #2 and one # female. Interviewer: Okay and what would you call a female horse do you remember? 166: {NW} Female is one that can find colts. Interviewer: The baby right. And did you call her a mare? Do you remember using the word mare for a female horse 166: #1 Yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 How would # 166: That's that's what they used to call 'em mares. Interviewer: Okay And if you don't know how to ride you might say well I've never even a horse I've never. 166: I can say I haven't Interviewer: Haven't what? 166: Haven't never rode on one. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and if somebody around here likes his horses very much you might say every morning he 166: Is out riding. Interviewer: Okay 166: {D: My file by bystickers} along here The street's full of bystickers young ones too. I wish you'd take 'em frequently. Interviewer: {NW} 166: With those feet you can have 'em all. Interviewer: {NW} Got enough of 'em huh? Okay {NW} And if somebody couldn't stay on the horse you might say he 166: Falls. Interviewer: Okay and he rode him but he? 166: Fell off. Interviewer: Okay And um What about if a little child went to sleep in the bed uh but then he found himself on the floor in the morning he might say I must have out of bed I must have? If he went to sleep in the bed but when he woke up he was lying on the floor 166: He crawled out of the bed. Interviewer: He 166: he or she uh #1 uh just # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 166: crawled out of the bed. Interviewer: Alright bud if he didn't do it intentionally it was an accident oh look he 166: Fell. Interviewer: Okay And the thing that you put on a horse's feet to protect them? 166: Oh What is the things they say they could put on your door for good luck. #1 oh horseshoes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: horseshoes. Interviewer: Okay And {NW} the parts of the horses feet that you put the shoes on what would you call them? 166: Hooves. Interviewer: What? 166: Hooves. Interviewer: Okay. And one is a horses? Horses ho- 166: #1 Shoes? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh yeah well his foot the thing you just told me you said horses hooves and you say raise up his {NW} 166: Put 'em on. Interviewer: Raise up his what? 166: Foot? Interviewer: Okay and that hard part is the? 166: The hoof part I call it. Interviewer: Okay and the game that you play with those things they nail on the horses feet, what do you call that? Men like to play it. They pitch You remember sitting there you had two little posts up or little sticks and they throw the 166: Is that horseshoes? Interviewer: Right you ever hear it called anything besides #1 horseshoes? # 166: #2 I think they # call it horseshoes they used to play. {X} Interviewer: Okay and {NW} What is the the animal {NW} that they get wool from you remember what the male uh sheep is called? Did y'all have any sheep around here? 166: No we don't. Interviewer: Okay 166: Have some goats out here. Interviewer: What do you call a male goat? 166: We call it male goat. Interviewer: uh-huh And the one that gave milk is a? 166: She's a she Interviewer: uh-huh 166: She's a sh- m- milk goat they A She goat call 'em shes. Interviewer: Uh a she goat? 166: She goat. Interviewer: Oh did you ever hear them called nanny? Nanny goat? {NW} 166: Yeah they call these little ones uh that now Interviewer: #1 uh-huh and billy? # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay uh #1 do you remember # 166: #2 Either # one of them will do. Interviewer: right 166: It's been so long that I've done forgot. Interviewer: Sure whatever you have it 166: Cause we didn't have all sets of that. Interviewer: Right. 166: Now when we was growing up it was after we got a little size #1 Cause we # Interviewer: #2 yes # 166: had to learn thins like that and now I done forgot it. Interviewer: Yes 'm uh well if uh you don't remember the words for the male or female sheep uh a ram or a a buck or do you think you probably just said a male sheep if you said it? 166: We just male sheep is all I know. Interviewer: Okay and the female you ever hear of a ewe or a cow? for a sheep female sheep. 166: Well we'll call 'em female sheep. Interviewer: Okay 166: sheeps when they want uh Interviewer: The ones that would be the #1 the # 166: #2 breed 'em. # Interviewer: Okay And they have what's that stuff on the sheep's back called? {NW} 166: Wool. Interviewer: And uh what about a male hog? 166: Hog they just call that a boar. Interviewer: Okay #1 And uh # 166: #2 They # didn't say nothing else the old people used to say boar. Interviewer: Okay And if if if were uh Uh a male that's been altered so that he couldn't be the father of pigs what would you call him? 166: Now if they have a name I don't know #1 I # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 166: I know they done they worked on 'em and um Keep them before they killed 'em and they kept 'em a long time after they worked on 'em cuz you know boar hogs are no good. #1 They got over # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: some now in town that are meat and you can tell the difference in 'em. Interviewer: uh-huh 166: So they work on 'em to don't eat 'em and they just work on 'em then. Interviewer: #1 To make meat. # 166: #2 And most # time they work on 'em when they young. I know we did. Interviewer: Uh did you ever hear the word a barrel used with a hog? 166: {NW} That's the male. Interviewer: #1 That's the male? # 166: #2 That's what # call a male did then. Interviewer: Okay and um the little one when it's first born is called a baby? 166: Baby goats. Baby sheep. Interviewer: And uh with the hogs are called little? 166: Pigs. Interviewer: And what are those stiff hairs on a hogs back called do you remember like you make hair brushes out of or used to make hairbrushes out of? Stiff hairs 166: I don't remember nothing about. Interviewer: Uh what about what do you call those things in the hairbrush that stick out? You know the little stuff that uh Bris- 166: I don't know that question. Interviewer: Okay if you don't #1 uh # 166: #2 Sure don't # Interviewer: Uh the uh The hairbrush bristles do you say bristles to mean the stiff hair? 166: That must be what it is because it's stiff you know and you I know we take some of that on the brushes that we have um cemetery and clean the graves all with 'em. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 And as # stiff as they can be and it must be that. Interviewer: Alright. #1 Uh # 166: #2 Oh man if they have that # I expect the one who read it is going know more about how I do. Interviewer: #1 No # 166: #2 They # gonna have something to laugh at. Interviewer: no that's interesting Uh you still go out and clean up the cemeteries groups that you go out and work on 'em? 166: In a cemetery I go out there and my sister was buried out there at christmas and my husband and husband's mother and father and my mother and my sister and her husband. Interviewer: #1 {D: is that how they shadow?} # 166: #2 {X} # We go out there and see if they're dirty or anything we got something put around there and clean the weeds get around 'em and I got it walled in. Interviewer: Like a fence you got a fence around 'em? 166: Well it's just a coping around about that high. Interviewer: A what? 166: Coupling we call it a coupling you know? Interviewer: #1 what is it? # 166: #2 Well it's just like a fence only it's # put up with um cement Interviewer: Uh-huh a coupling. 166: And then I got the white gravel in there. Interviewer: Um that makes it clean. Uh what are those big big teeth that a hog male on the side 166: Side tooth. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 {D: small teeth} # Interviewer: You ever hear them called a tush or tushes? 166: Yeah tushes tush. You know more about it than I do. Interviewer: Oh but I don't know a lot about these things I just have these things here that I look at. And so I'm just asking you #1 {X} # 166: #2 Well they used to call it # they they stick out you know and they'd bite you too if you made 'em mad. Interviewer: mm 166: And there'd be a tooth just like our teeth now it is really like #1 teeth like # Interviewer: #2 {D: I see} # 166: we got but they call 'em tushes. Interviewer: okay And what was the thing that you put the food in for a hog a kind of a 166: Well we put it in trough. Interviewer: Okay. And one would be a trough and maybe two tr- 166: Water troughs. Interviewer: Okay and um Do you have any name around here for a hog that's grown up wild? 166: mm-mm Interviewer: No okay. 166: I haven't heard of any hogs growing up wild. Interviewer: Okay 166: I think you keep 'em up too close. Interviewer: And uh. If a calf is being weened you might say the noise it makes is doing what 166: Bellowing we used to call it that old calf's a-bellowing. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 She's ho- # is a hollering out there. Interviewer: #1 Okay but if you # 166: #2 Lowing and # Lowing we call a cow lowing. Interviewer: Lowing 166: I have three or four one may hit right don't. {X} Interviewer: No I think all those are just different words for what about the noise a horse makes? 166: It snorts. Interviewer: Okay. 166: {X} When it gets mad it shakes its head and just like somebody had blowing their nose. Interviewer: Okay and what about if he's not mad just maybe he's hungry or something he might go make 166: I never will forget my husband had I don't know whether it was a horse or what it was And uh it they called it a horse but I don't know whether the thing ever bred or not. But it'd have spells and Adam couldn't ride or do nothing and one time I even got mad with it cuz it had a spell and I had a jug of water on there and he broke that jug over that mule's head. Interviewer: {NW} 166: If they have fits but if they have {X} And their colts and we never did know you know there's a colt kind and {X} kind. Interviewer: {NW} 166: But that mule was hard headed and it you couldn't get on that mule to ride it. And he got mad and he brought that jug of water come into the house and he broke it on that mule's head. Interviewer: {NW} 166: I told him if {X} Interviewer: Well he must have been a little aggravated wasn't he? 166: Well he was they were aggravating when they got in that state you couldn't do nothing you couldn't plow or do nothing he just threw it all down then. Interviewer: Yeah 166: {D: But wonder hadn't} He would've kill it right then he was so mad he could have killed it. Interviewer: {NW} um #1 Okay you might say # 166: #2 Is that # is that going on there now? Interviewer: No uh but that's fine. uh If a horse is hungry he may make a little noise {NW} Just to say it's time to be fed you remember call it a? 166: He'd he'd go like he's a snort. Interviewer: uh-huh uh Ever hear it called a knicker or a whinny? 166: What? Interviewer: Uh knicker or a horse would knicker or whinny either one don't remember those? 166: I've heard whinny but I never have Interviewer: Okay. And if you have to you've got horses and mules and cows and they're getting hungry you might say well I've got to go out and? 166: Feed 'em. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Cows will low when they get hungry. Interviewer: right. And if a hen or a nest of eggs is called a what? 166: Setting Interviewer: mm-kay And the place where the chickens live is a? 166: Chicken pen. Interviewer: #1 {D: No} # 166: #2 Chicken yard. # Interviewer: Okay and if it's small little shelter with a cover over it you might say it's a? 166: Well now sometime you can make 'em large with like they do with these chicken getting where they raise chickens. And then if you have just a few you have it small and mine still out here I've got {D: banners out there moose} got in a place about a little bit bigger than this room. yeah. Interviewer: Okay 166: And the floors just in there Interviewer: Is it a little house? #1 just like this? # 166: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: What if it were just something about the size of this table #1 just a little # 166: #2 No its' # it's a little bit bigger than that just from here to under the shed and the rest of it then get out and the sun. Interviewer: uh-huh 166: That's just for 'em to roost. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 166: #2 And then they # Put some hen nest on {X} Interviewer: Did you ever build something up just real small well you wouldn't call it maybe a chicken pen but a chicken c- 166: Yard. Uh you know when we was growing up though they didn't have they had chicken houses the chickens wouldn't know to go to roost and the chickens went loose and they laid anywhere they wanted to. Interviewer: {NW} 166: And it'd take you half the time getting out hunting eggs in the barn and under the house and around the house. They didn't have pens like they do now but they would have one chicken house. Put some {D:poles} in there and the chickens would go in there at night to roost. Wouldn't go outside the fence at all. Interviewer: Okay and did you ever hear of a place for maybe just one hen and uh her chickens 166: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: You put 'em in a we use to make little coops. Interviewer: #1 How? # 166: #2 {X} # coops chicken coops You'd cover 'em good you know and put a hen in there and the {biggest} until they got big enough to they can get out 'em then when you put 'em out they go back in there if it went to raining any time. Interviewer: mm-kay 166: I know all about chickens. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Alright # 166: #2 If they want a # {X} there more enough to live there and lay an egg too} Interviewer: um What do you call that part of the chicken that children like to have to pull it apart 166: Pulley bone. Interviewer: And is that supposed to be good luck or something? 166: They say it is. Interviewer: And which piece was it that was good luck the long one or the short one? 166: It was a breast right in here. Interviewer: Yes and when you broke it in two 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: Would you say the long you know one would get the long piece and one would get the short piece 166: The one that go the long one. Interviewer: The on the at got the long one was good luck? I never did know about that. um 166: They say horseshoes over the door are good luck too. Interviewer: Right. 166: People used to have 'em all the time. Interviewer: You don't have one I thought you 166: uh-huh don't have 'em now but they used to have 'em. Interviewer: {NW} uh The the parts {NS} um Do you remember calling the insides of a chicken or a pig or a calf all the kinds that could be cooked do you remember having a word for that? All of the part that would be good to eat. 166: It was good. Chickens good if you can clean 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 166: They are good if you can clean 'em but there's a job of cleaning. Interviewer: I bet so. 166: And there's the ribs. But the whole inside of that is good now you know the hams is different. Interviewer: #1 {D: Right} # 166: #2 {D: Middlings} # and hams and shoulders. Interviewer: #1 The outs- # 166: #2 But # now liver makes the best kind of hash. Interviewer: Did you make that? 166: Yeah I made Interviewer: #1 Now how do you make liver hash we never had that. # 166: #2 {X} # Oh that's the best stuff you take it in a cook it in all pieces You put you some onions in there and cook with it. some onions and salt and black pepper and ice potatoes. and cook in there and and mash it up and it's the best stuff you'll ever eat. Interviewer: #1 That sounds good. # 166: #2 {X} # all to pieces. Mash it up {with a masher} Interviewer: #1 Did you ever # 166: #2 I used to # make it all the time. Interviewer: Did you ever make anything out of the parts of the head cook the whole head? 166: I think I did make sows. Interviewer: Yeah that's what we call that too #1 siles. # 166: #2 Siles. # Interviewer: I heard that called different things you ever hear it called pressed meat 166: uh-huh Interviewer: #1 press meat # 166: #2 you press it and # Now you take it and cook it all in pieces and you can put a chicken in if you want it. Interviewer: #1 Oh really I didn't know that. # 166: #2 uh-huh # you make barbecue out of it. That's what they make most of the barbecue out of now. Interviewer: #1 Well what about # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about mince mince meat? Did you ever make mince meat out of the parts of a hogs head? 166: The feet? Interviewer: uh {NW} Uh well I don't know I have heard about using parts of the hog to make mince meat. You know like to make pies out of you didn't ever do that? 166: No we never did do that. Interviewer: I think that must be kind of a northern thing #1 my husband # 166: #2 That # must be um overseas thing. Interviewer: Well I my husbands family 166: But now you can take the feet and put in with the heads too and then you can uh take the feet and cook 'em by they self and pickle 'em. They're good. Interviewer: Right did you grind it up that meat like 166: uh-huh Interviewer: For the siles okay. 166: Make siles I used to say that. Interviewer: Yeah? Everybody when we kill hogs everybody want me to make sausage and I make the sausage too. Right. 166: They wanted sausage and siles and liver hash. Interviewer: That sounds good. 166: Onions goes with that, that's what makes you liver hash. Interviewer: I've never had it I've heard of it. 166: Well it's good. Interviewer: And if it's time to feed the uh the stock and do the chores you say well it's getting to be about 166: Time. Interviewer: mm-kay what time would you say about 166: Well I tell you I say pretty well all the time. {NW} {X} thing like that is all the time Interviewer: Um 166: Now in the farm it's time to go feed the chickens. Milk the cows Feed the hogs and water them. Now that's the way it is in the country all that is to do late and soon every morning. Interviewer: Right. and {NW} When you were calling the cows to come up from the pasture 166: {NW} {X} my voice for that. {NW} Interviewer: Well what about did you call differently when you were talking to the calves? 166: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Okay What about to the horses or mules? 166: We'd call them by the name we had one named {B} had one named Pete. and different named come on here Pete. {NS} They knew their names just as good as we knew 'em. They didn't ever give us any trouble about that. Except for that one busted horrible. {NW} Interviewer: Alright and what would you say to a horse or a mule to make him go on and go faster? 166: Know you know you always have a line and hit 'em with that line. and then you got a stick Interviewer: Okay 166: And uh maybe you might jerk about the bridle. Interviewer: Okay 166: people does do that Interviewer: Alright something that you had that you'd hit 'em with would be a? 166: mm-hmm You'd have a switch or you can hit 'em with a line you know had to have a line if you're sitting in a buggy you got to have a line to hold 'em about you hit 'em with that. Interviewer: Okay and what would you say? to the horse? 166: Go on I believe go on or Interviewer: Get up 166: I reck- I reckon that's about right it may not be exactly right though. Interviewer: What would you tell 'em to go the right or to the left um? 166: No you pull 'em. Interviewer: oh 166: You don't ever tell 'em which way to go you just pull 'em and they know #1 which way to go. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Okay or what about going {NW} Clucking do you ever remember people doing that to um to horses or mules to get 'em to go? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: {NW} something What did you call that? Clucking cluck to the horse? 166: I reckon that they understood what it was but I don't know, can't remember now what it was for but but they knew what What it meant it meant to go on. Interviewer: Right and if you wanted 'em to stop you said? You pull the lines and tell 'em to stop. Okay and how would you tell 'em what would you say? 166: Just just say stop. Interviewer: oh or whoa? 166: Whoa they used to say whoa. Interviewer: okay how? 166: wre W-R-E wre. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Long time they people didn't have education and they just called 'em anything they wanted. Interviewer: Sure what what would you say to the pigs when the hogs it's time to feed them? 166: Oh {NW} we call 'em uh How did we call them pigs? How did we #1 {X it's been so long} # Interviewer: #2 seems to me {X} # Sure seems to me that I remember we would beat on the side of the trough but we used to call 'em too. 166: uh-huh Interviewer: Would you say something like {NW} or {NW} or You don't remember it's been a while huh? You haven't fed any pigs #1 lately? # 166: #2 pi- pi- # pigs that's what we called 'em. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 pigs # and all over they would call them all pigs. Interviewer: Okay and you said you all didn't have sheep #1 you don't remember them don't you? # 166: #2 uh-uh no. # I don't know nothing about them thank goodness. Interviewer: But if you called the chickens you would say? 166: {NW} Interviewer: Okay and if they're big would you say bitties if they're little or? 166: mm-mm either one. Interviewer: Either one okay. And if they're going to get the horses or the mules ready to go somewhere you're going to put the stuff on them you'd say I've got to go? 166: Got to put the harness on them. Interviewer: mm-kay 166: Call it a harness {X} Interviewer: And if you are riding a horse the things that you hold in your hands are the? 166: and you use that to pull 'em the way you want now if you want 'em to go this way you pull this line and they both go that way going this way you pull that one but go but if you keep it straight they just go like straight. Interviewer: Right and uh you call 'em the lines? 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: And is that if you were riding in a wagon or a buggy or something? 166: That's the same thing. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 166: #2 Yes # you got 'em by that uh line see it's tacked on to the bridle. {D: and see X} bridle right at the mouth. Interviewer: And uh if you're riding on a horse #1 would uh you still call it a bridle? # 166: #2 yeah you # you still got a bridle on it and you got a thing that goes around it this a way. Interviewer: Okay and uh are you liable to call the reins or you still say line? 166: The reins, reins uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. What do you put your feet in when you're riding horseback? 166: Put 'em down side of this side {D: they've got a} thing there for you. to get on and put your feet in there. Interviewer: You remember what they call that thing that you put your foot in? 166: {NW} I don't know what the name of #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Stirrup? # 166: It may be that. Interviewer: A what? 166: What what did #1 you say? # Interviewer: #2 I started to say stirrup. # 166: Yeah that's what it is. Interviewer: How did you say it? 166: {NW} Stirrup #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if you have two horses. uh And you're plowing say if they're plowing with two horses would you have a word to mean the horse on the left or the horse on the right? 166: Just pulling lines. Interviewer: uh-huh 166: Adam used to have a two horse plow. And that's the way he'd use them he'd pull 'em if they got too out of way they know where to go. But they knew just exactly what they were doing. Interviewer: Right. And you don't remember whether he called one of 'em the lead horse or the nigh horse or the near horse or anything? 166: The what? Interviewer: Do you remember whether he called one of them the lead horse? 166: No. I don't remember that when you pull on them things they both gonna be even unless one of 'em gets mad and gets to #1 cutting over. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Okay if something is not near at hand maybe at somebody else's house or something you might say oh it's just a 166: Step over there. Interviewer: Okay uh a little 166: path Interviewer: Okay or a little uh little ways little Alright. If you've been traveling and you haven't finished you're journey you might say you've got a long right before the dark you've got a 166: Long ways to go. Interviewer: Okay. And if something is very common you don't have to look for it 166: Mind the digging. Interviewer: Do you need to go 166: go down there I knew she'd go on your car had started to get up but I didn't know what she'd think. And I reckon he went down there. And they go and look behind {NS} Interviewer: It makes you wonder about what in the world {X} 166: company I couldn't talk right now. She's sitting on that porch. {X} Don't mind if she be sitting there when you leave. {NW} don't have to go to it {X} Interviewer: {NW} {X} If something is very common if you don't have to look for it in a special place you might say oh you can just find that about just about any? 166: I say about the best way to find it is hunting. Can't find it it's going walk off and leave it and then go back and you put your hands #1 on it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if somebody said wonder where I could find a certain uh oh a something that I wanted to buy downtown and you might say oh you can just find that any 166: Any store. Interviewer: Okay anywhere any place any wheres how would you say that? 166: I say hardware for something you can find at hardware store or grocery store. Interviewer: Okay and if somebody slipped on the ice and fell like that you might say oh look he fell 166: Backwards. Interviewer: Alright or he fell? 166: Forward. Interviewer: And uh if somebody did not catch fish and they you might say did you catch any fish and you might say no a one. {NW} 166: Not a one. Interviewer: Okay. 166: {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever say uh narry one? Narry one? 166: Nah no I always say didn't catch a one. Interviewer: Okay. #1 And uh # 166: #2 {D: Didn't} # Have good luck. Interviewer: Okay 166: Either one of them will do. Interviewer: Okay. And if uh the school teacher fussed or scolded a boy and he uh he didn't think she should have he didn't think he'd done anything might say why is she blaming me I nothing wrong or I didn't do I how would you say that I? 166: {NW} didn't do it. Interviewer: okay 166: {NW} Interviewer: I uh if uh if somebody uh comes in and uh and accidentally knocks something off the table and is very sad about it and is apologizing and you might say oh that's alright I didn't uh I didn't like it 166: uh You couldn't help it. Interviewer: Okay and talking about the thing if they felt terrible you might say oh I really didn't like that any? 166: mm? Interviewer: Any? Would you say, #1 it wasn't # 166: #2 It didn't # I wanna say I know you couldn't help it, so just quit worrying about it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh A child who is crying and wanted something that somebody else had and he said Well he was eating candy but he didn't give me 166: None. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you're talking about something that happens during the night. Uh You might say uh maybe something that you could hear that kept waking you up. And you might say Well uh I heard that all 166: All along But still you couldn't go back to sleep because you'd be thinking it might be something. Interviewer: Okay. Maybe you could hear the man's chickens over there, you might say All during or all through or all 166: You know I live by about nine roosters over there and nine hens and I don't hear one rooster. But Interviewer: What peace. 166: But you know, there are a lot of comfort in their crowing and calfing. Interviewer: #1 Yeah I heard that. # 166: #2 {X} # There's a lot of comfort in that. Interviewer: Kind of like being back out on the farm. 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh If you have uh, Did y'all have oats on the farm Miss {B} 166: What? Interviewer: Oaks, did y'all have oats? 166: Oh yeah we used to plant oats. Interviewer: And who 166: Cut 'em Interviewer: When you have to get the grains separated, how did you do that? 166: When you get them separated, just cut it and uh tied it. And put it in the barn for the mules. {X} that on mules and cows, just in great big barns that were tied between the {X} Interviewer: Okay. 166: Course I had to throw it all, and then they'd have to take a wagon and let it dry if it could. Take the wagon and haul it to the barn and put it up in the barn. Interviewer: Okay, and what about wheat? Did you raise wheat? 166: Yeah we raised wheat. Interviewer: And how'd you do about it, did you separate the grains? 166: Yeah we had, well we couldn't mix it you know. But we put it where the sun could shine on it until it got dry enough to take it and grind flour. Interviewer: Well how would you, if it's uh you're ready to have a machine come in maybe and separate the grain from the straw, what did you call that? 166: You couldn't do it. Interviewer: No? 166: You couldn't do it. Y'all would all had to go to {D:yelling} because they kept the {NW} grass out of it. Wheat and all. I have an idea and you might get a little bunch of something. If you did it, it would just grind all up because they didn't know where it was to separate it. Interviewer: Well um Did, with the 166: Cause if you do that just like you did uh oats. It gonna create big wads. Interviewer: How did that {X}? With a machine? 166: Uh-huh. Cut up with a machine. Interviewer: What, what kind of machine did they call that? 166: Oh I mean uh, just a Interviewer: {X} Oh 166: You'd have to cut grain really, is what it is. Did they call it a thresher? Did they call it a what? Interviewer: A threshing machine or a thresher? No? Just a {X} machine? 166: There was one more. It's the thing that you're cut the grain with. The grain cutter {X} Interviewer: Okay. 166: And that darn thing, I know it used to know but don't now. Interviewer: #1 And # 166: #2 I just # fool with it. Interviewer: Before you took it to the mill, you had to get the grain off of the stalk. 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 How did they do that? # 166: #2 They thresh it. # Have thresher thresh it. Interviewer: Okay, how would you say that? 166: They threshed it all when it got dry and put them sacks. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If we had a job to do, the two of us are going to be working on something together, you might say, Well you and 166: You and me I reckon. Interviewer: You got to do something, okay. Uh, you're talking about um not just me, or just you, but uh might say, well this is for of us to do, this is for 166: The follower to do. Interviewer: Okay, but for the two of us, this is for 166: Both of us. Interviewer: Okay. And if some friends are coming, some friends of yours and you are coming over to see me, you might say Well there's one, one person you might say well and not are coming to see you, might say um 166: Looking for Looking for whoever name is, looking like Interviewer: Okay, you're talking about who is going to talk you to the doctor maybe 166: Uh, uh-huh There are, used to be Interviewer: Uh-huh So you might say well she and, are going out 166: Me and her and a boy. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Came to the doctor {X} Interviewer: Okay. 166: Since you're good to me. Interviewer: And if somebody knocks on the door and uh you say who's there, they might say it's 166: I wanna see who's that before I open my door now, but used to be I didn't think a thing about it. Uh you just go and open the door. Interviewer: Okay, and if you're comparing how tall somebody is, and uh you are taller than the other person, you might say well he's not as tall as 166: I am. And uh Interviewer: Uh then you might say to the other one, I'm not as tall as 166: You. Interviewer: Or talking about a man 166: Fella. Interviewer: Okay, is he I'm not as tall as he as him? 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay would you say that? Now would you say I'm not as tall as 166: As they are. Interviewer: Okay. And comparing how well you can do something? You might say oh He can do that better than 166: I can. Interviewer: Okay, and if a man had been running for two miles, and and then he had to stop, you would say, well two miles is all he could go, all the 166: I don't expect I'd make two miles running. Interviewer: Okay. 166: But we put two miles in it. Interviewer: Alright, would you say that's all the far, all the farthest he could go? 166: As far as he could go. Interviewer: How? 166: As far as he could go. Interviewer: Okay. 166: And then they risk it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if something uh belongs to you, you would say, well that's 166: Mine. Interviewer: Or if it belongs to me you say that's 166: Hers Interviewer: Alright, or talking to me you'd say oh that's, that machine 166: #1 Yours. # Interviewer: #2 is # How? 166: Yours. Interviewer: Okay and if it's them across the street you'd say it's 166: Theirs. Interviewer: Okay. And if people have been to visit you and they're about to leave, you might say to them now back again. 166: Y'all come back again, some time this week, but don't mean it. Interviewer: Okay {NW} 166: When you work in the field like we used to, we didn't have time to sit down and think. Interviewer: You didn't have time to visit. 166: We visited at night or say bed time {X} nights. {X} We'd take time to visit. That's the only time we had to visit. Got the Sundays Interviewer: Uh What about uh if um if there's a car out there and you wonder whose it is, you might say Is that like the lady {X} 166: {X} Interviewer: She's wondering. 166: She gonna get him done got him out again. {NW} Interviewer: Okay well, if somebody comes in to the door several people and you see the car you might say is that car How would you ask 'em if it's theirs, is that car your 166: Yours Interviewer: Yours or you alls? 166: Say you alls. Interviewer: Uh would you say that? 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You alls? 166: I don't believe I'd be that meddlesome. {NW} Interviewer: We wouldn't be that meddlesome, okay Uh if somebody had gone to a party, and you might want to find out about or the neighbor might want to find out let's say who had been there, you might say well now who might, was there, who? 166: I asked that a lot of times by summer school. {X} Interviewer: Okay well if you wanted somebody to tell you their name, you'd say who all, how would you say that? At the party last night, somebody else went and you didn't go, you say now tell me, who 166: Who was there? Interviewer: Alright. 166: {X} Well they gotta stand up, now they sit back down. {NW} Interviewer: What about if you were asking about, you might say who was there or would you say, say who was there just as likely to say who all was there? 166: Now that's just a special {X} the way I do. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're asking about uh what someone had said, maybe the speaker, you might say now what did he say? 166: I say give a good talk because I you need some {X} Monday night, and I had a big uh to do everything or big speaker from way off and he gave a good talk too. Interviewer: Well how would you say if you didn't get to go, and you wanted to know about it, you might say well now, did he say? What would you put to ask that question? 166: I just said I didn't have any way to go. Interviewer: Uh-huh, and if you wanted somebody to tell you about it, you say now what, what did he say? How would you say that? What? Would you say what did he say or what all did he say or Which? 166: If you give good talks what I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if the children or some young people parents are dead, and uh you might say well there's nobody else to look out for them, they've got to look out for 166: Themselves. Interviewer: Okay, and if no one else would do it for him, you might say well he better do it 166: Himself. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call the bread that is made from flour and baked into loaves? 166: Call it bread, bread, the flour is from wheat. Interviewer: Okay what would you 166: Bread is from corn. Corn. Interviewer: Okay what do you call the kind that is made from wheat? What different things do you make from wheat? 166: Flour. Interviewer: And uh what thing to eat do you make from the flour? 166: Biscuits. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever make loaves? 166: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call that? 166: Uh Momma used to make 'em {X} then it was a {X} and it'd be light bread now. Interviewer: The kinds you 166: I don't know what they called it then. They'd let it sour and all you know, yeast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Your mother used to make it? 166: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever make it? 166: I don't know, I don't remember what I ever made any, no, I might have helped her and I might have made some But it's yeast bread, that's what they used to call it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what else besides biscuits do you bake from flour? 166: Well you make dumplings and pie crusts and Interviewer: How, or what do you put dumplings in? 166: You put in chicken. Interviewer: Did you ever put it in uh 166: Beans, it's good in beans. Interviewer: You fix it in vegetables sometimes? We never had that, I've never 166: Butter beans and snap beans, that was good to put them in. Interviewer: And you make just like a 166: Just like another dumpling, just like chicken dumplings. Interviewer: Did you uh uh Well the kind that was made from wheat then was 166: Some type of flour or plain, either one. We used to make it plain but before we {X} they gotta self rise and {NW} Interviewer: And if you made it not from wheat but from corn, it was not flour but 166: Corn, it's a cornbread. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and uh Did you ever make different kinds of cornbread miss {C:name} 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What different kinds? 166: Well got your milk bread you mix, break a egg you know and make milk bread out of it. Interviewer: And how was that cooked in the oven? 166: Uh-huh. I cook it now, cook enough to make for two or three days at one time. And just put it in the refrigerator and I just cut a whole slice in the morning. Rather than cook so many hoe cake. {X} Interviewer: Right, they had to make hoe cakes on top? 166: Top. Interviewer: Is that the little patties? 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you make anything else out of corn meals besides cornbread and hoe cakes? You remember anything else? 166: No, that's all I've ever made, I cornbread. Interviewer: Do you, did you ever hear any called 166: They just said, they didn't self rising too. Interviewer: Right, now you used have to put something in it. 166: Now it's uh some meal and some corn bread some meal and flour in my milk bread. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called {X} 166: No I never have heard of that. Interviewer: Do you ever remember having any cooked in the fireplaces instead of on the stove? 166: I know a long time ago we took cornbread out and just a bunch of us and mama made it out in great big prongs about that long and about that big and put it in the stove or around the stove and cook it there about the best bread you could eat. It was just plain, plain old bread. And we'd enjoy it better than this now. Course you can't get meal and you get that tiny you can't eat it. Of course. Oh fine. Interviewer: Did you ever in seeing it cooked on the fireplace or in the fire? 166: Oh yeah. We used to cook it, get a high coal, light oak coal and cook it on the fireplace. Interviewer: What would you put in there to cook it on? 166: Just a regular old spider. and put a little grease on that Did the same thing, turn it over and let it cook on the other side. Interviewer: If the spider had legs on it, it was a little 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And it would sit over the {X} Do you use the spider? 166: We used it to bake potatoes in it. Interviewer: In the spider? 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did it have a lid? 166: Yeah it had a lid. And then there's a plain spider, we used to cook 'em on just a regular plain spider. Interviewer: But a spider always had legs, you would never use it on a stove, just for the fireplace. 166: That's right, the old people used to use it most of the time. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about uh, did you ever hear any called corn and dodger or anything like that? 166: Oh that was the best things you could make. Interviewer: Now what, tell me about that. 166: We use 'em in turnips. Interviewer: Well what's that, is that, a lot of dumplings? 166: You would have some salt and black pepper and some green onions and flatten this thing like this and you cut those open there and you drop 'em over in your tongs ain't that right fresh. Interviewer: That's right, dumplings. Only dumplings are made with from flour. 166: Neither, nuh-uh. Don't have no flour in that. Interviewer: Oh. Dumplings? 166: Just roll, roll 'em out. Interviewer: The corn dodger? 166: Uh-huh, put it in that stew And they are good and so you take your turnips out Or you can leave the turnips in there and let 'em cook together but that'll take mighty. Then let the let 'em cook. Interviewer: Now was that cooked with the root of the turnip or the turnip tops? 166: Mostly the tops, they're young, young. Mostly they're bitter, but now you can eat them and eat 'em all. Interviewer: Did you ever put the roots in or did you eat the tops mostly? 166: I use the roots too. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. And if there's two kinds of bread, there's homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store. What do you call the, how do you say well this is not homemade, it's 166: {X} What you have at home, now I'd say it's homemade. Interviewer: Okay and you're telling somebody that it's not homemade, you might say this is not homemade bread, it's 166: Sort of like the question from yesterday I went to a Sunday school place meeting and got hold of some uh cookies and was bragging on them cookies and I tell Oh whoever made these are so good. Interviewer: {NW} 166: I said, well, I didn't make 'em. Said where'd you get 'em I bought 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Well would you say it's store It's not homemade, it's store 166: Yeah I'd say store. Interviewer: Store bought? 166: From the store, bought it. Interviewer: Okay. What about that kind of uh of a thing that's made with a hole in the middle. You make them? 166: No I don't make them. Interviewer: What'd you call 'em? Just donut? 166: I, donut. Interviewer: Did your mother ever make any like that 166: Uh-huh. But she'd uh make tea cakes and she'd cut out you know like a head and a body and arms and legs She used to do that. Interviewer: What'd she call that? 166: Tea cakes. Interviewer: Tea cakes. 166: But sometimes at the beginning of the cakes she'd put ginger. Interviewer: It was sweet roll too, like a cookie. 166: And that cookie don't wanna such with that name. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Sounds good to me. Alright, and the kind that you make up with a batter and you fry uh fry three or four of 'em at a time and you may put something on top of the butter and pour something on them. For breakfast usually. They put syrup on them or something. 166: It's syrup. Pancakes is what you're talking about. Interviewer: Okay. 166: If you was ever put on syrup. Interviewer: Do you remember any other words for pancakes? 166: Pancake. Interviewer: Do you remember any, did you call pancakes anything else a long time ago? You ever called flap- 166: Yeah we used to make pancakes lots. Interviewer: Do you remember calling them anything besides pancakes? 166: Patty cakes, I called them patty cakes and pancakes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay what about uh fritters or flitters uh is that something different? Well You never used the words flitters or fritters? For anything you cooked? 166: Well I've heard of them but I don't know how they're made. Interviewer: Okay. Well if you went to the store to buy uh flour, you might say I want to buy two what of flour? 166: Two pack, two different kinds. Interviewer: Uh-huh, and a measure, some amount like two or five uh you wouldn't get it in gallons you would get in what, say I want five 166: Small ones. Interviewer: Uh The uh amount of flour that you buy you'd say I want a a five. 166: Two pound, I want two pounds. Interviewer: Okay. And the the yeast that you were talking about, how would you buy it, you'd say I want a, of yeast. 166: Well you buy the yeast and you keep it and whenever you make up your dough for your first, first much you put some of that out and just keep putting it out and putting it out. Finally it gets too old and you have to start again. You have to let it stay out all night 'til it rise. Interviewer: And uh the inside of an egg is what? 166: Yellow. Interviewer: Okay. And the white part you call the it's the 166: It's the white. Interviewer: White. And uh uh if you cook eggs in hot water, with the shells on them, you 166: Boiling 'em. Interviewer: And if you break the shell, and let it fall out in hot water 166: No, I just take mine out and put it in cool water and let it cool until shell off of 'em. Interviewer: Okay but, if you don't hard boil them, you take the raw egg the uncooked egg and crack the shell and let it go down in hot water and cook that way, what do you call that? You know for {D: invalids} a lot of times they make 'em. 166: I know what they're called but I can't think right now. Interviewer: You know, fix uh, poached. 166: Po- t uh. Mm it's not a paunched no. something like that long ago, toast or something. Interviewer: Uh like for to put off 166: I don't ever fix anything like that. Don't need 'em, I got disgusted with eggs Don't even eat eggs. Interviewer: Okay. And if the uh fat salt pork, what do you call that? 166: Ham. Interviewer: Okay and not the ham, the kind maybe that you cook with vegetables. 166: Oh that's the {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. 166: It's what they called fat back then. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you've gotten the mitten is the whole p- the whole side um when you cut the side of a hog up do you what do you call that, you say you've got the hams and the shoulders and the 166: Mutlins. Interviewer: Okay. And the very outside part of the mutlins, the skin is the #1 You say that, that # 166: #2 The skin. # Interviewer: cut off the bacon. The skin? 166: Yeah that, I guess they have a when there's {X} they can, they get the What part of the hog? They get it from the middling. Interviewer: The bacon? 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Um If meat has been kept too long, you'd say this meat has 166: Gone hard. Interviewer: Okay. Or if it doesn't smell good you might say 166: Spoiled Interviewer: It's what? 166: Spoiled. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Can you choose, you can't keep meat these days You don't get no good meat. Cause have to have colder stores. Interviewer: Yeah. 166: And you bring it out and take half of that if it turns hard, it spoils. Interviewer: And uh when you fixed it on the farm, you would take it and put it where? 166: Cold storage. Interviewer: But way back before you had cold storage? 166: A long time ago we didn't do that, they kept it at home, the weather was suitable to keep it at home. But long time before we quit raising hogs, we had to take it to the cold storage. and the meat {X} Didn't have no good red gravy like you used to have. Interviewer: And where did you keep it when you hung up your hams and 166: In the smoke house, out of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And you said you made uh sauce and and uh um 166: Liver pudding. Interviewer: Right, did you ever make anything called head cheese? 166: No I never had that one. That could be something called head cheese cause it's the same thing. Interviewer: Okay and did you ever take uh the juice out of the liver pudding or from the the sauce and stir it up with corn meal and cook anything? 166: Mm-mm. No whenever I made it I just cooked it down so low it wouldn't be no juice in it and then put my mixture in it. Course I cooked out everything. Nice potatoes. They would, they would get nearly done when they They were just never done. I put that in there, let them cook 'til it's done. I used a lot of that stuff. Interviewer: Okay what about if you kept butter too long, how would you say the butter is not good. You say it's 166: Well it's just old. Interviewer: Okay You say the butter's old? 166: It don't get old now cause stick it in the refrigerator, used to be we just had to keep it kneaded, that's how I would get rid of it. Interviewer: Right, where would you keep it before you had a refrigerator? 166: Just down the {X} Interviewer: #1 Did you ever # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you ever have a place outside where there was water? What about What about way down maybe in the woods somewhere maybe there'd be a stream and maybe have a little house built over it, you didn't have it? 166: Uh-uh. We just kept it in our house with churns and use it everyday I mean you not with children. It didn't stay that long. So where you got a crowd of children, eat a pound a day. Interviewer: Sure, Miss {B} Did you ever have a place under the house, before you had a basement, you had something you called a cellar? 166: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Never had nothing 'til we got a refrigerator, where made us a box a long time ago to put in the house and kept it in there when I began to sell it. I don't {X} just have to just milk is just what you could use to Interviewer: Okay. What about thick sour milk that you keep on hand maybe? What would you call that? 166: It's not good. It's not good to cook with. That is too sour. Now we used to keep ours in the well. Tie down a jug and put it down in the well. Interviewer: That'd keep it cold? 166: Mm-hmm yeah. {X} Interviewer: And what kind of uh of cheese, did you ever make any homemade cheese? from clabber milk maybe make a cottage cheese, anything like that? Okay. And uh as, what's the first thing you do after you, with the milk after you milk the cows, you pour it 166: Strain it. Interviewer: Alright. And what about, what are the, what's something that is uh, a dessert that's made from apples, different kinds of desserts that you make from apples? 166: Tell you the truth I don't do that. Interviewer: You don't bake apples, do you ever remember 166: I, I used to make apple pie- uh parish. {X} What you call it. Apple. No pear relish. I used to make apple relish when we was on the farms and {NS} Interviewer: That was seed with meat. 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: But you didn't make anything {NW} 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: {D:purt flour} pies and I used to like apples and peaches too. And they cooked a Interviewer: How is, how is an apple puff cooked? 166: Uh just call 'em apple puffs. Interviewer: Did you use uh something poured over that? 166: No, you had to boil them, you put 'em out and dry 'em. Get get 'em good and dry and then you put 'em up and whenever you want to cook some, take 'em out and boil them. Put your sugar in there then get 'em good and sweet and cook 'em good. Interviewer: And you cooked them in a pastry, did you add dough? 166: Cooked 'em just like they do now, they'll just roll the dough out, put them in the fire. Interviewer: If somebody has a real good appetite, you might say he really likes to put away his talking about somebody that really does eat a lot. He really likes to put away the 166: Food. Interviewer: Okay, do you ever say {D:vittles}? 166: Sometimes I do. Interviewer: Uh What about a sweet liquid that you might make with sugar and uh milk or cream maybe nutmeg that you might pour over dessert or pie, did you ever make something like that? Uh What about um 166: Tell you I haven't baked a cake I bet you in twenty years. Interviewer: Well. 166: As soon as I'd been gone, my daughter and, now every time she comes she brings me cake. Things like that. Interviewer: Uh 166: The neighbors they'd bring me cake and things, I don't like to cook much. Interviewer: Uh what do you call food that you take in between regular meals, say maybe sit down and just have a just a little bit of 166: #1 Sandwich. # Interviewer: #2 something. # Okay. Would you ever say just a might or snack or would you ever say piecing? 166: Well I'm eating um crackers now. Three crackers. Snack. Interviewer: Um And uh When, when do you have your meals, how do you say like every morning at seven o'clock or 166: I get up every morning at six or seven o'clock, I eat my breakfast and eleven o'clock I eat my dinner five o'clock I eat my supper. Interviewer: Okay I think 166: Got any people living around here but some nieces. Interviewer: Alright um Did you ever eat uh, what drink do you have with breakfast? 166: Coffee. {NS} Nothing but black coffee. Interviewer: Oh yeah. And if you were out working in the yard and you get thirsty, you may come in and have a 166: Coke. Interviewer: Okay or sometimes just all you want is just plain 166: Water. Interviewer: And if you do, you drink it out of a Drink water out of a 166: Glass. I think chocolate milk, I eat breakfast every morning {X} No, that's the only way I can get any strength to get started, some chocolate milk. Interviewer: Well that's good too. 166: Which I drank that out of a glass. Interviewer: And um if you drop a glass, why it may 166: May spill everything. {NW} Interviewer: Right, and what may happen to the glass itself, it may You say that oh look, that glass 166: Is gone Interviewer: It 166: When I need to throw something away. Interviewer: {NW} That glass Bro- 166: Broke. Interviewer: Okay. And oh I didn't mean to You might say oh I didn't mean to 166: Say such and such a thing Interviewer: Alright if you didn't mean to drop the glass and it did break you might say I didn't mean to break 166: I don't believe anybody intends to break one, but they're Interviewer: #1 Right # 166: #2 about to # some time anyways. Interviewer: Alright. And you say um Oh um Every time I take down off that uh uh top shelf why, I seem to break it or I have Every time I take it down from there I have dropped it and 166: Broken. Interviewer: Okay. And uh You might say if you If you drink a lot of uh of chocolate milk you might say all my life I have 166: No, I just drunk it for the last few years. Interviewer: Oh 166: Just got started on it the last seven or eight years. Interviewer: Okay. 166: {NW} For the five I would keep my going till lunch, sure. Interviewer: And if you have uh company come for dinner, when dinner's on the table, and everybody's standing around, what do you say to them tell them to come to the table, you might say come on and 166: Sit down. Have a seat. Interviewer: Okay. 166: They can't get around my kitchen's too small. Interviewer: And uh Then uh then after someone, when the table and he pulled out the chair and he 166: Turned it over. Interviewer: Okay or just he got in the chair and sat down, you'd say he sat at the table and just started to eat, say that for me, he s 166: He started to eat. Interviewer: Okay and he got in the chair and s 166: Sit down. Interviewer: How's that? 166: Sit down. Interviewer: Okay. And yesterday he 166: Spilled something {NW} Interviewer: Okay And you wanna say every time he comes to my house he uh he sits in that chair, yesterday he in that chair. 166: In that chair with his foot on it. Interviewer: Alright, how would you say he s the word sit in there, yesterday he what? 166: He sit. Interviewer: How? 166: Sit. Interviewer: Okay and he has Everyday, he has what in that chair? 166: One chair. Interviewer: Okay, he has how do you say that? He has 166: One chair he sits in it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you want to tell people to get food from the different things on the table, you might say you go ahead and 166: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay. And uh after he had already helped himself, would you say, how would you say, after you've already helped yourself Pass it own to 166: Pass it on down {X} And ask them what they want to drink. Interviewer: Okay. And if you decide not to eat something and somebody says oh won't you have some of this you might say oh no I don't for any, I don't 166: And say you better had, better eat or something like that. Interviewer: And if somebody's trying to tell you to eat something and you don't want it you might say oh no thank you I don't 166: Don't want it, don't eat it, get indigestion. Interviewer: Okay. And uh food that's cooked and served a second time, what do you say that is? 166: Leftovers. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's been heated a second time you might say it's been {NS} 166: Don't eat enough. Interviewer: Okay. 166: I don't like it by the second day, no way. Interviewer: Right. 166: But I do eat it. Well I eat only things two days and then I put it up come back to it some other time. Interviewer: Right. If you put food in your mouth then you begin to uh 166: {NW} Chew. Interviewer: Chew and then uh What about a dish that was made out of meal a long time ago kind of like a a cereal. 166: Isn't that chalk? Interviewer: Uh Well, I I don't know. Maybe take cornmeal and put milk and water in it and heat it. Something they fix for invalids sometimes. Um 166: It's soup, kind of a soup. Interviewer: Kind of like soup but just with cornmeal, not with vegetables in it, do you make 166: No I don't, I don't but you know my momma would live with us where she wanted. Interviewer: What would she call that? 166: Uh soup. Interviewer: Really? 166: Really soup you know. But they just Had the water hot put a little salt and black pepper in there, stir it up {X} and anything, I don't know what you would call it. Interviewer: Okay did you ever have mush? 166: A kind of a mush, yeah just a mush. Now that's all she wanted, and she got soup. {NW} Interviewer: When you live in the country all of your your um peas and beets and so forth in you grow them out in the 166: Garden. Interviewer: Okay and you call all of them together, all of the different homegrown things in the garden, you call 166: Everything different. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But all of them, what's the word that means all of them? Candied your peas or carrots you say, well I got to go out and pick some 166: Peas or butter beans dig some nice potatoes. Interviewer: And what kind of soup do you call that kind that has all the different ones cut up 166: Vegetable soup. Interviewer: How's that? 166: Vegetable soup, that's what I had for dinner if I didn't have enough time to fix nothing else. Interviewer: Yes, cause we talked too long. 166: Canned or jarred soup that I made myself. But you got all the vegetables in it. Interviewer: And uh what about the um the typical Southern food that we think about having down here with sausage and eggs or bacon and eggs, generally you have for breakfast in the South, white 166: {NW} I don't have enough for a piece of toast That's all I eat for breakfast, now I used to eat soup but that's just gone up Lemon high last time I just heat 'em up toast, and then drink my milk like earlier. Interviewer: What about grits? 166: I don't like grits but sometimes I fix myself for a stuffy nose. Some nights when my throat hurts. I'd eat them the right way with scrambled eggs. Interviewer: Right. Interviewer: What about that um uh the kind that comes in a can, and it's the whole kernels of corn? 166: I don't like. Interviewer: Uh. What did you call that hominy? 166: Oh yeah. That's hominy. Yes, I do like it, too. Interviewer: #1 Did you ever have that? Pardon me? # 166: #2 I had some a long and we used to make it, long time ago. Of course, # Mama used to make it regularly. Interviewer: How'd she make it you? 166: Rest put on it some lye hard as lye and boil and boil and boil till she gets it tender And then she'll take it and wash it good several times and get that {X} and put it on to cook it again and that stove would do it. Good a thing as you could eat. Interviewer: #1 Okay. No. # 166: #2 It's been a long time ago I bet you you wouldn't know how to start now, would you? # Interviewer: No ma'am. I've never seen it done. I've, you know, bought it in 166: Take old cashews and do it, too. Interviewer: Put the corn, the whole kernel. 166: Hmm. Mama's cooked it with old cashews. Interviewer: That's interesting, isn't it? 166: #1 Last part at that. # Interviewer: #2 What about. Mm. # 166: Cook a vat of it. Poured it up. I don't know how we kept it. Interviewer: Cook a what of it? 166: Oh, just a vat of it at one time. Interviewer: A whole lot? 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that is that what you mean? A vat of it. A whole lot of it? Uh. Uh, what about a a grain that they have in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas, and it grows in water. Uh, we don't have it around here, but you we buy it sometimes to cook. It's white and starchy. And we had it in pudding sometimes. R- R-rice. Yeah, rice. 166: Yeah, I eat rice. Interviewer: Uh. 166: I like rice cooked in just with some sugar in it. Interviewer: Uh, it with sugar? 166: Just sugar. Cook some rice. And take it up and put in it sprinkle a bit of sugar in it. I can eat that. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh, what did they they used to call a kind of of a homemade whiskey maybe that was a a real cheap whiskey maybe they made it out 166: #1 Corn, really nice corn. # Interviewer: #2 You know in. Uh-huh. # What'd they call that? 166: Corn, corn whiskey. Interviewer: Corn whiskey? You remember any other kind of funny names or joking names for it? 166: No, I know it's cane skimmings now. I seen them make it out of that. Or heard of it. I hadn't seen it either, but they let it get s- sour, you know. And you can get drunk on it just like it was whiskey, but it's not not called whiskey. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 166: #2 It's the color of # Wine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Did you ever make wine when you were in the country? But it was grape wine or with berries? 166: It was uh grapes. Interviewer: Mm. 166: Grapes. Blackberry wine, too. Interviewer: Mm. Speaker #3: #1 We used to have it to Sunday dinner. That was a real # 166: #2 And the # Doctor says that that's as good a thing as anybody could use at night when they're nervous is is to take a swallow wine. Speaker #3: Wine, wine, wine. Interviewer: Okay, if something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nose, you might say mm, that's 166: That smells bad. It's uh the cabbage sure does smell bad. Interviewer: Alright. And if uh if molasses uh is especially thick, how would you say that? The molasses if it's real thick. You might say the molasses 166: Say it's too or too thick. Interviewer: And the molasses is too thick is that that used? 166: Mm. Interviewer: Syrup. 166: Is that what you're talking? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: Uh. Interviewer: Well 166: It's been cooked too much. Interviewer: And so what's the difference between uh uh did you make syrup on the farm? 166: Oh yeah. Could make a hundred and fifty gallons a year. Interviewer: Yeah. But now molasses is different from from syrup. 166: Well, I thought it was all the same thing. Interviewer: Well, now I'm asking you if sometimes people make a difference the kind you made on the farm, sometimes you call molasses, or you always called it syrup? 166: Syrup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: Sugarcane syrup. Uh. Interviewer: And uh what about a kind that you get to go on pancakes? I don't think they ever made it around here so much, but they'd get the water out of the maple trees up north and then Uh, did you ever have that kind of uh 166: Huh. We didn't have that around here. Interviewer: But the tree that that's uh maple um uh Maple syrup that came from those trees. Now I think they may have 166: #1 I don't think we've ever had any of that maple syrup around here. I haven't heard of it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay, if you uh go to a store to get a Say a a a man wants to get a belt, and he wants to be sure that it's leather and not plastic, he might say now I don't want anything imitation. I want a leather belt. 166: #1 Leather belt. # Interviewer: #2 A # Uh, what word would he have put in front of leather to say a real one, a ge- Genuine? X Genuine, genuine. 166: I don't know not what you'd put in front of it. Interviewer: Just a a word that you say. Genuine, genuine, genuine. If it's the real thing. 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Would you be likely to say a genuine leather or is uh Or if uh it isn't imitation. It's gen- 166: I never heard of that, heard of that. Interviewer: Oh, would you say you don't say genuine? Okay. Uh, and if sugar is sold in a package, you just say well, a five pound bag of sugar, but if it's sold in, you know, if there's a barrel of it like there used to sell it in very large quantities, they say it's sold in 166: They would still put it in in sacks. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Had to weigh it up, you know, put the sacks. Interviewer: Right uh in and in smaller sacks? 166: My daughter says sugar's sure going down. Interviewer: Well, good. Needs to. 166: Uh, my daughter and I Grandson and his granddaughter. They call her about once or twice a week and say if they don't use that, they use those tablets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 166: And they said some people used it up there in South Carolina until um, they they calmed down on 'em. Interviewer: Uh, good. Uh, would you ever say that it's sold in bulk? Or you ever remember? 166: Used to be, uh-huh. Interviewer: How would you say that? 166: Well, they have to dig it out of uh barrels or whatever they got it in. Put it in paper bags. Interviewer: Uh, and you say it's in 166: Paper paper bags. In fact, it used to be in little white sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how would you say it? In bulk in 166: #1 Uh-huh. It'd still be in bulk, I think. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Okay. And what do you call the the sweet spread that you put on toast made from uh old apples or 166: Jelly. Interviewer: Okay. And um. If there's some fruit on the table in a bowl and you want one, you might say please An apple. Please 166: Pass, pass an apple. Interviewer: Okay or give me 166: Give me apple, an orange, or whatever it you have Interviewer: Okay, and if there's two groups of uh of uh youngsters. Two groups of boys that you were talking about and you say it wasn't what somebody some of them had done something, you might say it wasn't these boys. It must've been one of 166: That boy. Interviewer: #1 Okay one of. Alright like # 166: #2 Their boys. Sounds like reading my paper. # Boy had come and gone and everybody read the paper round here, and I didn't get an answer, so I had to call it just up there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: It just it just had to last bring him out there. Interviewer: Okay. 166: So now your old children around here and they picking 'em up. Interviewer: Mm. 166: It's gonna have to be stopped, too. Picked mine up twice now this Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 166: #2 week. # Interviewer: That's terrible. Alright if a if a say not just one boy but several of them doing something, you might say not one of these boys, it's one of 166: Them them boys. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're uh talking about uh a tree out in the country, you're pointing to somebody and say not this tree right here is one way up over 166: Where? Interviewer: Over. 166: Over where? Interviewer: Oh, over there. Would you ever say over yonder way back? Yonder. It'd be yonder that way. 166: Do what? Interviewer: Would you ever use the word yonder? Over yonder? 166: Yeah, we'd use it a lot. Interviewer: How would you say that? Well 166: Way over yonder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you're telling somebody how to do something, and they're doing it wrong, you might say don't do it that-a-way. Do it 166: Do it the other way. Interviewer: Okay like 166: Uh. Interviewer: Okay. And uh And if somebody speaks to you, and you don't hear what he's saying, what do you You say to have him repeat it. You might say now 166: What did you say? Interviewer: Okay. And uh If a man has plenty of money, you might say he doesn't have anything to worry about. {NS} That your phone? 166: {X} Interviewer: Uh. Uh, I was gonna ask you if a man has plenty of money, he doesn't have anything to worry about, but you might say life is hard on a man Uh, if if he has plenty of money, you don't have to worry about him, you might say just the opposite of that. Life is hard on a man that's 166: Well, they do have that to worry about because they don't know when they're gonna lose it and like that. Interviewer: Right. But you might say the opposite of a man who's rich is a man that's 166: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. He's not a rich man, he's a 166: Got plenty to do. Interviewer: Okay. 166: I don't know whether I'm right or not. Interviewer: Alright. Uh and if he uh if he's uh uh He really just doesn't have anything, and you wanna say well, 166: I'm sorry. Poverty. Interviewer: Right. He's a He's a man that's 166: He's worked hard. Interviewer: #1 Okay and he's poor. Okay. # 166: #2 Still hasn't got anything. # Interviewer: And uh if uh If you have a lot of peach trees. A big field of peach trees that's called a what? 166: Peach orchard. Interviewer: If um if there's a big orchard there, and you might ask somebody if that's his orchard, he might say no, I'm just a neighbor, and that uh he's the man 166: That done it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. And then talking still about being rich or poor, you might say when I was uh uh a child, my father was poor. But next door was a boy who 166: Had plenty. Interviewer: Alright uh. Uh, an inside of a cherry is that little hard thing. What do you call that? A cherry. You know, the fruit? A cherry. Like you make cherry pies out 166: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 of? # In 166: That's the seed. Interviewer: Alright. And an inside a peach, is it the same? 166: Seed, too. Interviewer: Okay. And what are the different kinds of peaches according to whether or not they come off the seed easily? 166: Clam. A clam seed. Interviewer: #1 If they come off the # 166: #2 That seed. Uh-huh. You know, just # Interviewer: #1 Right. # 166: #2 Peel it or pull it wide open. It'll spread. # Interviewer: And if they uh if they won't peel off the seed easily, what it 166: #1 {D: They're not the clam seeds. I don't know.} # Interviewer: #2 called? Uh. # Do you know any any way 166: #1 They can # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 166: Peel them, and cut 'em up. Interviewer: Right. Okay. 166: I bet you been gone you went over that thing so much. Interviewer: Yeah, several times. Alright. And uh if you um What do you call the part of the apple that's in the middle? 166: Core. Interviewer: And did you ever did you ever you told me about making dried apples and so forth. Did you ever call them snits, the little pieces of apple, no? 166: Mm. Interviewer: You just say dried apples? 166: Dried apples. Interviewer: Just with. Alright. 166: We used to dry 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: Make we called 'em puffs then. Called 'em something else then. No, just take a piece of dough, rolled it out, and put that in there to already sweeten. They're the best things. Interviewer: Yes, that sounds good. And the kind of nuts that you pull up out of the earth and shake 'em and roast 'em are 166: #1 Peanuts. # Interviewer: #2 called # Okay. You know any other names for them? Peanuts? 166: Ground peas. Interviewer: Okay, do they call 'em that much around here? 166: Uh-huh. Bud peanuts, and ground peas, too. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what other kind of nuts are there around here that you might have? 166: Pecans. I believe that's the only kind that I know of around here. Interviewer: What other kinds do you sometime maybe buy at the store? 166: Buy grapes. Interviewer: What other kinds of nuts? Are there any other kinds of nuts? 166: There there's other kinds, but I can't remember the names of 'em. It's Interviewer: #1 Uh, what about # 166: #2 {D: X never called it a cashew, but I don't} # Interviewer: Right. Did you ever have any walnut around here? 166: Walnuts. Yeah, we used to have 'em outside in the country. Interviewer: Would you have the kinds you had to break the shell off? 166: Uh and yeah Interviewer: #1 Did you # 166: #2 {D: I remember that now. A victim of mine.} # Interviewer: And your hands would get all 166: #1 They're stuck up. They'd be black. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Right. What would you you had a the outside part of it, and you'd break that off, and then there'd still be the hull inside. What did you call that part? Do you remember? That you broke off 166: Its hull. Interviewer: The hull. Okay. And uh what about another kind of nut that's used sometimes in cooking. It's long and uh and flat-shaped. And kinda like the uh your eye and the shell's real soft and flat. 166: #1 Is that a is that a pecan? # Interviewer: #2 All # Well, and I know about pecans, but is there another one, too? An all 166: #1 Not that I know of. Now pecans, they had different names than some of 'em, you know. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Right. Do you ever use almonds? No? Okay. Uh, and if um what is the fruit that comes from Florida about the size of an apple but yellow. 166: Yellow oranges. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had uh 166: Tangerines. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had a bowl full of oranges and the and they had all been eaten, you might say well, the oranges are all 166: Gone. Interviewer: Okay. How was that? 166: Gone. Interviewer: All. They're all gone. 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: How would you say that? 166: Alright uh what what was the question? Interviewer: Yes how would they you were telling me that if you had a bowl of oranges, and you took there right they'd been eaten up, you might say well, the oranges are 166: Gone. Interviewer: All gone? What would you say? All gone? 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Say that for me. The oranges 166: Gone. Interviewer: All gone? 166: That's all I know to say. Interviewer: Okay. 166: #1 I oughta think you drink your juice, you know. # Interviewer: #2 X # Sure. Okay, and what about a little red vegetable that you raise in the garden, and they're uh 166: Strawberries. Interviewer: Okay, and what about one that's down down in the in the dirt. A vegetable that's kind of hot and peppery tasting? Like onions, you know. You pull 'em up. 166: That's a pepper. Interviewer: Um, but it's a root. It's a a grows down in the the root. You eat the root of this one that I'm thinking about. It's a little round and red. 166: Aw, shoot. Right on the end of my tongue. Interviewer: Root rack. 166: Radish. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay, and then what different kinds of tomatoes do you 166: Well you there was several different kinds, a big boy and There's several different names. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh um you uh you use them how in cooking? 166: What, tomatoes? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 166: Making soup. Interviewer: Okay. And do you ever have any real small ones that are just used for salads? 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What do you call it? You have a separate word for them? 166: You call 'em just regular tomatoes like they do the rest of 'em. Interviewer: Okay ever heard 'em called tommy toes or? 166: Yeah that them little bitty ones they're volunteered mostly they're tommy toes now. Interviewer: Uh-huh what 166: Up again you know but they won't be big. They'll be the same kind but they're be little tommy toes. Interviewer: Okay. And what about a 166: They had a side of a case to 'em to. Interviewer: I see. What about uh along with meat, you might have a baked 166: Potato. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about uh uh when you say the word potato, you're thinking about the white one not the yellow one generally, aren't you? 166: Thinking about both of 'em. Might not pick yellow ones, got anything to do with white ones. Interviewer: Okay. And the yellow ones uh uh what different kinds do you have different kinds of them around here that're 166: No, we have we have the white ones and the yellow ones because a Irish potatoes. That what you're talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 166: No, I get the red ones all the time. They're a whole lot better than the white ones, but they're different. Interviewer: Okay, and what about the ones that are this shaped and sweet? 166: #1 That that's what's different is them And and the red ones are round. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 166: But the red ones are a whole lot better. It's the kind I get all the time. I've used them to grow this one we used that. Interviewer: Okay. And what about uh yams? Did you have them? Did you ever have yams? 166: Yeah, I got some baked in the refrigerator, frozen and we'll have 'em for dinner tomorrow I Interviewer: Do you call them uh always 166: #1 Uh, sweet potatoes. # Interviewer: #2 Yams? # Uh-huh. 166: There's a yellow and a white sweet uh sweet potatoes in the yellow these? Interviewer: I heard uh 166: And they're just now sweet enough to eat like you ought to. Interviewer: Alright. 166: {NW} And they're understand why they're sweet as they can be now, but when you first get 'em out of the ground now they take a long time before they get sweet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. May have to wait. Okay, and what about uh what about the the little young onions. The first ones that you get. Do you have different words for them? 166: That's white nest onions. Interviewer: What was that? 166: White nest onions. Interviewer: Okay. And what about any other vegetables you might put in soup? 166: Well, you know I put everything. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 166: #2 I put # Sometime I put cabbage and I put everything {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay, uh you said the vegetables you put in salads. What about the little one, the little pod that grows 166: You put carrots in 'em they'd make sure And Irish potatoes. Beans and and it just anything you got. But I remember I put carrots, but outside of cabbage, anything you got in the garden was good and take plenty of tomatoes. Interviewer: What kinds what different kinds of beans do you have? 166: Well, we have the running beans. They're the best kind, too. Interviewer: Is that the kind you break up? 166: Yeah. They you running out of these bunch beans. They don't grow very long. They grow about that high, and they they're not good. I mean the bean. But now the other beans. They grow long, and they're really good. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 166: #2 Running beans. # Interviewer: What do you call that one that you break the hull off of and just use the the bean itself? 166: Well, you just say the end each end of it and break it it's a string bean you know. Pull one off. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 166: #2 When you're breaking it up. # Interviewer: And the kind that you don't break up but that you peel the hull off of and you don't eat the 166: #1 Is that peas? # Interviewer: #2 hull? # Okay or uh uh the big flat ones. 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Butter beans or lima beans? 166: Butter beans. Interviewer: Yeah. 166: You shell them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 166: Lima beans. Interviewer: Uh, and do you use uh a vegetable that grows up like this uh grows on a little uh plant like some of them pods just little long pods? 166: #1 Pepper? # Interviewer: #2 Green. # Well, no there there's different kinds of peppers, too, aren't there? 166: This this kind of pepper only pepper I know that grows up that way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: #1 A bell pepper # Interviewer: #2 Well, uh what else # 166: Now, a bell pepper would be around. Interviewer: Right, I was wondering about the okra. Do you use okra? 166: Yeah. I cut some yesterday. Some peas. Interviewer: Yeah, how do you call how do you say it? What's that? 166: I call that okra. Interviewer: Okay how 166: Huh? Interviewer: How was it? 166: {NW} I call it okra. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 {NW} # And I I put it in peas, you know. It's good to be cooked in peas or butter beans and cabbage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: Drop it good down in there. Interviewer: Okay, and you were talking about uh turnips. Turnip tops that you fixed with that with uh the corn dodgers and dumplings. What other kinds of greens do you have? 166: When I had a garden, I'd have cabbage and collards and turnips and rutabagas. Just anything that had a top to it. We planted everything. Interviewer: Okay, and lettuce you generally can buy. It's loose or it comes in a 166: Uh, well you can grow it, too. Just that way. Interviewer: How do you call that when it's? 166: Lettuce. Interviewer: And if it's in a ball like that you say I'm gonna get two of lettuce. Two what? Head? 166: Two head, two heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use that word to count children like somebody's got three head of children? Two boys and two girls. Have you ever heard that saying? 166: Huh? Interviewer: No, okay. Uh, what about uh uh a whole lot of something uh if somebody has seven boys and seven girls, you might say well, he really had a of children. What word would you think of you would just mean a whole bunch of 'em? 166: Say they got a crowd. Interviewer: A crowd. Alright, do you ever hear the word passel? 166: Hassle. Interviewer: Passel. 166: Uh-uh. Interviewer: No, never say a passel of children? On the outside of an ear of corn is a 166: There's that woman again. She's gonna say I called. Interviewer: {NW} On the outside of an ear of corn is a 166: Shuck. Interviewer: And uh. The different the what kind of corn do you call it the one that you eat off the cob. You boil. 166: Well, that's the golden dent. That's what we always used. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 We used the yellow corn. # Interviewer: And if you had it on the plate on the table, do you have? 166: Yeah, just cut it. Made the half in two, put on it. It's just knew it off his teeth. Interviewer: Okay, and do you call it uh uh when it's on the table like that, do you call it anything special? Like roasting ears? 166: Uh-huh. The corn. Interviewer: #1 Okay, you don't say roasting ears or sweet corn? # 166: #2 No, you say corn. # Interviewer: #1 Just corn? # 166: #2 Or corn. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh, have you ever heard uh roasting ears or mutton corn, either one? 166: I had never had heard of that. Interviewer: Okay. What about that uh little thing that grows up at the top of the stalk of corn right at the very top? 166: Well, that's the uh Interviewer: Tat. 166: Tat tar tassel. Interviewer: #1 Okay. That # 166: #2 That's where the corn starts at is the tassel. # Interviewer: Okay, and on the ear the little fine thread-like things that you have to clean off before you cook the corn, the hair-like stuff on an ear of corn. What do you call that? Interviewer: now thats her youngest son is now the ones in high school 166: well you know one's married and this one's in college Louis is in college johnny now he's with at home with her I Interviewer: That's right {NS} okay and you were saying that all the ears of corn those little threads are called 166: tops Interviewer: now thats the thing at the top is it what about on the ear the things you clean off 166: cobs Interviewer: okay the cob is the things goes in the middle and in the grain in the ears of corn the little thread like things the 166: {D: Call that shuckets you know} Interviewer: alright and under the shuck between the shuck and the 166: corn that's where the top is You got to pick them out Interviewer: okay 166: they've got hair you know Interviewer: okay what about a large round fruit that grows on the ground and you make pie of it thanksgiving or the kids like to make a face on um the big round thing like this 166: Squash it's not squash Interviewer: Pum- 166: but it's not squash it's a pumpkin Interviewer: okay and uh do you have a lot of different kinds of squash 166: yep I got a white kind and yellow kind but the yellow kinds the best Interviewer: what about different kinds of melon 166: watermelons yeah they have there's plenty of different kinds of watermelons we used to raise a pound of them every watermelon Interviewer: would that be the kind that are stripped or the kinds solid 166: they solid green all over but now they got a strip i think its back where its just as good but we always use another kind Interviewer: did you just say the green melons #1 were and the others were the stripped ones # 166: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: what about one that's not a watermelon and the meat it's yellow 166: well that's cantaloupe Interviewer: okay now you ever heard that called anything else 166: I call them cantaloupes Interviewer: okay 166: All we ever called them, yeah. Interviewer: okay what are the things the little uh things that they grow just like over night out in the woods or out in the fields little umbrella shaped things that uh um people sometimes eat and sometimes they grow on fallen logs um a uh mushrooms 166: yes mushrooms Interviewer: did you ever cook them 166: we named it something else and we'd have it cooking with something else goes on the ground and you can eat them they're really good now it's just a little bitty thing Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: And they used to grow in the cabbage patch but when you caught um and sprung um off the vine but I don't know what they are not a mushroom I don't know I can't Interviewer: #1 well if you thing of it write it down # 166: #2 yeah I can't think of it right now # Interviewer: #1 # 166: #2 # Interviewer: okay uh okay mushrooms were the kind that 166: mushrooms that must have been what I was thinking about Interviewer: #1 uh-uh # 166: #2 mushrooms # Interviewer: and what about the kind that you have to that that look like mushrooms but you don't eat them they're not ones you don't eat it's not good to eat you might call it and say that's not a mushroom thats just a toadstool or or something like that you hear that used a toadstool or frogstool 166: doesn't mean anything to me Interviewer: okay uh and if a man had uh uh swore throat and his throat was all swollen too you might say well he couldn't eat because he couldn't the food he couldn't 166: swallow Interviewer: okay and uh uh what do some people smoke what things 166: cigarettes Interviewer: or if their bigger the 166: cigar Interviewer: okay 166: I can answer them #1 cause I don't use them # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 166: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # okay and if there are a lot of people at the party they are all standing around the piano what would they be doing 166: singing Interviewer: and um uh if they were uh uh moving around real fast on their feet you'd say they were singing 166: yes dancing Interviewer: okay and 166: Not particularly dancing but they was keeping time Interviewer: okay and if a somebody offers to do you a favor and uh you say I appreciate it but I don't want to be to anybody involved okay but if you want to tell somebody that you want more for being their dead {D} would you say I don't want to be obligated or I don't want to be beholden 166: i don't Interviewer: would ya would you say would you be more likely to say that 166: yes Interviewer: which one I don't want to be beholden or I don't want to be obligated 166: i wouldn't want to be obligated Interviewer: and um um somebody asks if you can do a certain job and you might say well sure I 166: do it Interviewer: okay but if um if they ask if somebody says can you and you say no I 166: can't Interviewer: okay and um and if somebody says to you about about sundown to do something and and you um say I got up early this morning and um I've all day how would you say that 166: worked all day Interviewer: okay 166: sun up to sundown Interviewer: okay would you say I done worked to mean its already been done I done worked all day 166: Mm-hmm Interviewer: okay uh if your talking about some of your old friends who are still alive and you all come back safe to Shiloh or somewhere and you might say well I've been out there looking around for all for a lot of old school friends they seems that there 166: gone Interviewer: alright um uh how would you say that uh would you ever say they're done dead 166: passed away Interviewer: passed away and what about if a um if there had been um and accident and somebody had been badly hurt and you tried to go help and maybe you call the doctor and you might say um theres no need to call a doctor because man was 166: passed out Interviewer: alright hes already dead or done dead when he got there if um if you want us to say the somebody needs to be careful about it say well he aught to be careful or should be careful 166: should be careful Interviewer: okay would you ever say he longs to be longs to be careful 166: no I'd say he ought to be Interviewer: okay and um if um if one boy is daring another one to do something how would you say it you don't dare do it or you dare not do it have you ever used to the word dare ever 166: yes Interviewer: how would you say that 166: I'd say I dare you to do it Interviewer: okay and uh uh if you if you want to say well somebody aught to do something what would be just the other way he its not something he aught to do something he aught 166: that you don't do Interviewer: okay he aught not he oughtn't how would you say that to do something you shouldn't 166: he ought to do it Interviewer: okay and 166: something needed Interviewer: okay but if he should not do it you might say oh he 166: not going to do it Interviewer: alright he oughtn't do that or he shouldn't do that uh what about if a boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 166: ought not to Interviewer: okay uh and if some if someone wants you to do something that you don't want to do and they say will you do it you say no I 166: won't Interviewer: and uh 166: sometimes he'd go ahead and do it anyway Interviewer: right 166: {NW} Interviewer: and do you uh if you get something done that was real hard work and you had to do it all by your self and somebody was just standing around without helping you might say well you 166: aught to be doing something Interviewer: okay uh you might have helped me have you ever said might you have might have helped me if you wanted to 166: {NW} Interviewer: say that 166: you coulda done it Interviewer: okay um would you ever say might have 166: Mm-hmm Interviewer: uh 166: you coulda helped uh-huh mm Interviewer: okay uh 166: I don't ever say nothing like {D: but if you do mine that'll be enough} Interviewer: oh okay um if someone asks you about doing something in the future but you don't know if you'll be able to or not you say well it's possible you might would you say well I might could do it 166: I'll do it if I can Interviewer: alright uh what about what kind of bird is it thats supposed to be out at night in the when he's in the dark supposed to be maybe makes a kind of a hoo noise 166: I don't know Interviewer: its supposed to be a flying bird or a one that makes a hoot noise 166: I don't know I don't ever heard it at night but I don't know the name of it Interviewer: okay uh there are different kinds of owls 166: oh yeah Interviewer: what about 166: you know owls used to be bad Interviewer: really 166: they would catch the chickens and things they sure did Interviewer: I didn't know that 166: yes sir hawks too Interviewer: yeah #1 uh you remember # 166: #2 there's owls used to be down there # Interviewer: oh well that's nice {D} you remember any different kinds of owls 166: {NS} No just one kind an owl {X} {D: there goes and partridges} things like that Interviewer: okay uh did you uh did you ever hear it called a screech owl 166: yeah Interviewer: how's that 166: {D: it's like a cursed horse} I couldn't tell ya how it is but they make a different fuss from a regular bird Interviewer: yeah and what kind is that 166: what'd you say it was screech owl Interviewer: was it a screech owl I was okay 166: they holler at night Interviewer: okay what about he kind of bird that drills a hole in a tree 166: um thats a mockingbird ain't it Interviewer: okay um uh wood pecker or 166: wood pecker wood pecker Interviewer: you ever hear um called a pecker wood 166: it's wood pecker thats what they call it Interviewer: #1 okay # 166: #2 now if # Interviewer: #1 okay # 166: #2 you named it # Interviewer: #1 # 166: #2 # Interviewer: what about some kind of an animal thats black and white and supposed to have a real strong smell 166: goat Interviewer: okay a little bitty animal and that yet you know in the house you just can't leave the house for awhile sometimes you run over them in the country in a car 166: what do ya mean by that Interviewer: a black a long tail and a little white and white streak down the back 166: I see that everyday but I don't remember the name of it Interviewer: #1 you'd call it a # 166: #2 I'd call it a possum # Interviewer: #1 and now um # 166: #2 not a squirrel # that's it Interviewer: you ever hear um called a pole cat 166: uh-huh Interviewer: which one would you be more likely #1 to say # 166: #2 I'd say # I'd say pole cat Interviewer: okay {NS} now what what other kind of animals besides owls might get your chickens and you gotta worry about um 166: hawks Interviewer: okay aw have you got any a name that means all the things that might get the chickens like you might well I gotta go face up the chickens so the son's of 166: Rats will get them Interviewer: okay what about varmint vars you ever say uh like shut up the #1 chickens # 166: #2 nope # I lets see possums possums will catch chickens Interviewer: okay did you ever use the word varmints #1 you don't use the word varmints # 166: #2 no I didn't # Interviewer: and you don't know a what they were or had any other meaning varmints 166: I don't believe I have Interviewer: okay now what what bout different kinds of squirrels 166: do what Interviewer: what about different kinds of squirrels 166: I don't know about what kind the regular old kind we have yeah I don't know what the name of it is Interviewer: okay um what about a little bitty thing that looks kinda like a squirrel on it and it was real small 166: rats Interviewer: okay chipmunks you have any chipmunks around here 166: there's womp rats too and they're about that's the meanest thing you can have Interviewer: they're bigger aren't they 166: uh-huh they eat your corn and everything else around the house Interviewer: okay you ever heard of anything called a gopher 166: I've heard of a gopher Interviewer: whats that 166: ain't it one of these things that's flat and has all on the inside there and they'd stick their head out now Interviewer: okay uh like a turtle 166: uh-huh Interviewer: uh-uh um okay now what kind of fish are around here 166: well there's trout I don't know fish Interviewer: you never 166: trouts I mean Interviewer: okay and what is it that comes from the the ocean that its got a shell on it the you get it out and they used to say it used to have a pearl in it 166: {X} something that comes out of a shell Interviewer: mm-hmm but you oysters do you eat oysters 166: could be oysters but I don't eat um Interviewer: okay um what about those things that make a noise around the pond at night croak croak croak or something like that and hop you know 166: grasshopper Interviewer: well uh 166: well it's not exactly croak so Interviewer: okay those that croak you know sometimes they say {D: diggarung diggarung} #1 you hear that {NS} # 166: #2 {NS} yeah maybe {NS} # Interviewer: #1 # 166: #2 # Interviewer: frogs different kinds of frogs 166: oh frogs uh Interviewer: what about the big ones the biggest ones bull frogs 166: bullfrogs yeah Interviewer: what about little green ones you might have seen out in the garden 166: frog there frogs there Interviewer: what about a toad is that something 166: bullfrog Interviewer: okay and uh the things that people use for fish bait 166: worms Interviewer: okay and um what other kinds of worms might you see out in the yard 166: {X} I tell you in a can of this old fish bait and they'd be about that long Interviewer: okay 166: {X} back then Interviewer: uh-uh 166: the get in the ground and it'd rain they'd be gone next day they ran loose Interviewer: and uh is um a terrapin do you use the word terrapin mini turtles around here whats the difference their about the same 166: I haven't seen all that many in my life I don't care for how they look but I've heard of um Interviewer: okay and what about something that you may find in um in the little rivers or streams that swim backwards 166: yup I don't know what that thing is Interviewer: have you heard of crawfish crawdads 166: crawfish is what we call um Interviewer: #1 now what about and I'm sure if you could see it # 166: #2 and I'd of named it # Interviewer: around water 166: and I'm not around water Interviewer: uh-uh what about another seafood that people like to eat and it's a curved shape little shell on um and you can buy them now in packages they're already dipped in batter shrimp you ever use 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: you cook them 166: mm-hmm I cook them Interviewer: hmm what's that how do you say that 166: shrimp Interviewer: okay uh what about what do you call that insect that flies around the light maybe and they always they attracted to the light 166: they're not lighting bugs lighting bugs those fly on the outside Interviewer: yeah 166: lighting bugs you know they carry light Interviewer: light flame bug {D} 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: and what about that one that sometimes eats uh wool 166: that's moths Interviewer: #1 uh-uh and you use right # 166: #2 you use moth balls on them # Interviewer: okay 166: that's what we do now we do that now long time in room our clothes we put up let the moths in they'd eat them up Interviewer: right well do you use that word for that bug that flies around the light too is it all those 166: no I don't Interviewer: moths you talk about moths flying into the light 166: I don't remember what you call them things but they sure are bad here in the dark Interviewer: okay now what about a candle fly you ever heard that 166: {NW} call them that candle flies bad if they get in big flies too Interviewer: uh-uh 166: they get in my porch out there and I kill a lot of them out there Interviewer: and 166: I think maybe they've been doing that for some time Interviewer: yeah um what about an insect who that you uh you used to see around the water ponds and and streams out on the fire and they have long thin bodies and two pairs of wings and it hovers around damp places and they say it eats mosquitoes a lot sometimes people will say that their a sign that snakes are around 166: mm-hmm and the problem with that is rattlesnakes are bad Interviewer: yeah uh do remember any kind of a a bug or an insect that used to be around the ponds 166: not a mosquito no Interviewer: no its bigger than a mosquito ah um let me read off some of these names and see if you remember any of these uh dragonfly or snake doctor or snake feeder or a mosquito hawk or a dark 166: skeeter now that I have heard of that Interviewer: is a skeet a hawk 166: yeah Interviewer: #1 yes is that what you is that something that about this long with # 166: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 166: #2 # and there's another bug called and he's in town the great mounder might know about that and it's big and you know it cause it stuck round the house and it ate all your flowers and things Interviewer: yeah 166: and we used to call um grasshoppers but they's too big for grasshoppers Interviewer: now what color are they 166: the same thing same color but its a different uh thing but I don't have a name for it a name for the thing Interviewer: more like green or like black 166: kind of a black Interviewer: uh-uh 166: I kill them out here get them and kill them with poison but they're they're they're about that long and about that big around the great big there's no small time Interviewer: like its some kind of a grasshopper 166: mm-hmm it looks like a grasshopper Interviewer: okay what kind of stinging insects do you know uh maybe one that builds a big nest like paper out in the woods 166: that's wasp ain't it Interviewer: okay how's that 166: wasp Interviewer: uh-uh and any other 166: they get in their in their trees I mean uh trees around the house that's wasps for ya they used to call um cause they'd run down round here and in the guest house killed one out on that porch yesterday Interviewer: okay what about the {NW} on that'd build a big nest like this that they got out int the woods shaped like a football 166: I don't know they go into pecan trees and I never have they pass out they have that there in their {X} a bunch of young and I've got um down out of trees many times and I don't even look Interviewer: and they have a bad sting don't they 166: uh-huh Interviewer: hornet you ever hear um called hornet 166: it might be a hornet Interviewer: okay 166: I know I got some out of the trees over here last fall took a long stick and got them down and burned them up done it when I was in the country Interviewer: okay what about any other kind of uh something like a wasp only it doesn't sting but it builds a nest like a wasp does 166: you'd have to call it some names Interviewer: uh what about a dirt dog or a 166: dirt dog is it yeah dirt dog Interviewer: yeah and they around around here 166: yeah they're around here Interviewer: okay 166: there's everything around here but money Interviewer: okay {NW} 166: thats they one thing I can't name cause there's so many new ones Interviewer: what about some kind of an insect that builds itself a nest in the ground that maybe fill the holes and come out and they might sting you 166: you know we {D: doddle doddle} we used to take something around around {D: doddle doddle doddle} {D: doddle doddle} when we was kids I don't hear them now we used to do it Interviewer: alright that one didn't sting did it did it sting 166: uh uh uh it didn't sting Interviewer: #1 uh-uh # 166: #2 just a boo # Interviewer: uh-uh uh you have yellow jackets around here 166: yeah we have yellow jackets yeah I got one Interviewer: okay you ever hear a mosquito called anything besides mosquito 166: no I hadn't Interviewer: and 166: this is her she went into town this morning Interviewer: usually they live around water they say 166: they do but since so many people round here don't care they just pour anywhere they don't care about water yes and it's plum green over there and they had a whole lot of um reeds back here and they just live back there but I can always tell where they had reeds because about where they come they cut all those things down and we don't have so many anymore now you can't sit down on the porches every evening late in the evening Interviewer: you don't take care of your lawn do you you have somebody come in and 166: no I cut my grass myself Interviewer: well it sure does look pretty 166: mm-hmm my predecessor hadn't moved out when I moved in and around then it was really pretty it's real green around there and here and since the water washes it off so much in the morning it goes down Interviewer: okay uh 166: I'm sore and stiff from when I work down there Interviewer: {NW} 166: take my blood pressure {X} Interviewer: oh um now we're talking about the grasshoppers you ever hear people call them hopper grass 166: um no Interviewer: okay 166: there may be a new name now but there's always grasshoppers Interviewer: okay and what about very very small insect take sometimes burrows down your skin and makes a little place and they raise a welt and you walk in the woods and you may get them on your legs and they get under your clothes very tiny uh sometimes they're red but they are so small I just can't see them 166: I don't know what they are Interviewer: Uh Oh red bugs is that 166: red bugs Interviewer: #1 then you know it maybe # 166: #2 mm-hmm # uh-huh they stick to you Interviewer: right okay 166: they'll sure make ya swell up too if you get a bunch of them on you to Interviewer: and um do you know where the around here if people go fishing and use those little tiny fish that you get what do you call them minnows fish bait 166: what do they call them things they use in lots of fish bait Interviewer: shiners 166: ain't no catching um those little ones now cause the places where they're raising you know Interviewer: you ever heard um called shiners 166: I believe I have I believe I've heard that Interviewer: okay and what do you find maybe stretched across the path in the early morning or maybe in the corner of the room if it hasn't been cleaned a little tiny thread like little 166: that's a web Interviewer: okay 166: called it a web Interviewer: and is is it different the same thing if you if it's outside like in the grass or from the branch of a tree 166: sometimes it is {D: it there and there and all but you could} but you see um there and you see um in the rest of the country Interviewer: and uh what how are they made what makes them the webs or 166: the ones that are making webs Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: well you can um #1 what is the name of them things # Interviewer: #2 spiders # 166: they're web looking in the corners sometimes Interviewer: spider webs 166: it's spider Interviewer: okay 166: cause you can see them in the web and you kill them and they're not so very big the small things spider webs Interviewer: okay and the part of the tree that's down under the ground it's called the 166: root Interviewer: and uh do they use or do you remember that they used to use any kind of different kinds of plant roots for medicines 166: oh yeah and that we was married it must have been {D: while I was out there I was having chills} and my husband's mother she barely went to school a day in her life and she went out when I was having chills and couldn't get um stopped and she went out to the woods and some kind of root and I don't know what the name of it was it made me a tea of it and and she broke up the chills Interviewer: is that right 166: she could do that for anything Interviewer: different kinds 166: mm-hmm different things she'd go out in the woods and dig up roots she know um but we wouldn't Interviewer: mm-hmm you don't remember any of the names like that like ginseng seems like 166: No I never of that Interviewer: okay um 166: she never did tell me I done forgot it it's been so long it's been seventy years Interviewer: Sure and what about a kind of tree that you could tap to get uh uh uh a syrup to make to make syrup from i think they did that mostly up north they called it uh kind of maple syrup uh and they would boil it down and make sugar always did it in the winter 166: what's the name of that we got some of it some but we used to we didn't like it whats the name of that Interviewer: uh 166: syrup Interviewer: maple sugar maple syrup 166: it may be I won't say for sure but it may be but Interviewer: and uh if there were a big uh if there was a big group of trees somewhere would it'd be likely you'd say over in that that uh uh that grove of trees or over in that orchard you'd use the word grove 166: that well maybe we got some groves in the woods Interviewer: mm-hmm and groves okay and what about a tree that uh that had broad leaves and they're all shedding at one time and the bark that peels off and it leaves little barbs and knobs on the 166: that's a magnolia tree isn't it Interviewer: the magnolias #1 big big leaves uh-uh # 166: #2 big big leaves # Interviewer: and it has a pretty white bloom on it 166: uh-huh and they sure do smell good there's one of um right down the street here Interviewer: and this one is uh is not not the magnolia the one I'm wondering about is the uh the tall tree with long white limbs uh Syc- Sycamore you ever hear of Sycamores 166: yeah I've heard of sycamores Interviewer: how do you say it 166: sycamore I believe that's what it is I've seen um but I don't know where to look Interviewer: what are some other kinds of trees like that you might have out here or out on the farm 166: well we didn't have many we had apple trees and um fruit trees out on the farm and all such as that we had apples and peaches and everything you could get get out there Interviewer: what about other trees that might be out in the woods 166: that's these pines pine trees Interviewer: okay 166: they ought to make lumber out here Interviewer: okay what about some kind of a shrub or a bush and it's leaves become very red in the fall and some people when they touch it it sort of break out and they say it's poisonous to them 166: it's not poison ivy is it Interviewer: uh um there is a poison ivy isn't it and this one is bigger than that you ever hear of Sumac or Sumac or Sumac something like that 166: I don't believe I've ever heard of that Interviewer: don't think It'd be around 166: sure don't Interviewer: okay and um uh do you have much poison ivy 166: yeah we have a lot out there right next to the uh the fence down on that side right out there is poison ivy Interviewer: {NW} uh and is it more in a bush or a vine #1 or a okay # 166: #2 vine vine # Well it'll spread anywhere poison ivy will Interviewer: uh-uh okay what about different kinds of berries 166: light berries huckleberries Interviewer: huckleberries is that common around here 166: not now they used to be you'd go to the woods and pick um in the woods just like you could do they'd grow up about that high and just be out theres you'd just get a minute out of them or in the swamps or the woods where there's more of them Interviewer: and would you make 166: make pies out of um you'd make good pies Interviewer: I've never had that 166: mm-hmm they're little bitty things Interviewer: uh-uh what about the different kinds of berries you'd get in the grocery store 166: well I don't know if I ever found that Interviewer: you get strawberries occasionally 166: I can if I bought um but I get um out in the country Interviewer: Is that where you were raised 166: {D: by John} you know they'd grow down on the ground Interviewer: what about uh raspberries 166: I've heard of raspberries but I never had no Interviewer: um uh what about some berries that might grow in the woods but are not good to eat and uh 166: cherries cherries would grow in the woods Interviewer: wild cherries 166: we'd have a bunch of horses get drunk on sometimes in our pastures Interviewer: really 166: there'd come the wind and blow them down and they'd be out there so long {B} I was sick off um and I'd get um to grab it by the collar and we were all lying around {X} scared to death and that night we done got sober Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 166: #2 that syrup they got # Interviewer: #1 # 166: #2 # and after he found that out he'd say you been eating them cherries over there Interviewer: how about that 166: they were little bitty red things Interviewer: mm uh what about uh something like uh a poke berry is that uh 166: well that's a poke berry they they grow up tall and have big leaves Interviewer: uh-uh 166: they don't grow stiff like pine tree of nothing like that you know different mm-hmm Interviewer: light blue shell okay 166: some people eat them when you cook when there #1 yum yeah # Interviewer: #2 the leaves right # 166: #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 like mustard # 166: #1 just like them turnips # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 166: {X} they used to go around the woods and get um and they'd cook but I never had um Interviewer: you'd never feast 166: no I'd never feast because I always had turnips and these people you know didn't have um live close to me they'd go off and get um and cook But I'd give them turnips but they gonna try if they liked it Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: they was from the north I think Interviewer: okay what about uh and other person of course there are no mountains out here do you have any sort of bush that's called Lyle a flowering shrub 166: nothing I know of Interviewer: um what about rhododendron are you familiar with that as a flower then again it is a northern one, rhododendron 166: I never have heard of them yeah Interviewer: yeah I think 166: when I was growing up I didn't hear of um Interviewer: I think that's maybe up in the mountains 166: like on the tips Interviewer: okay and uh what word would you use uh uh to talk or tell somebody oh you must be if a married woman doesn't want to make up her mind she'd might say well I just don't really know I better ask my 166: sir Interviewer: any uh any other way she might say my husband like my ol' man or 166: well sometimes you can say my old man and leave the old man a lot Interviewer: okay what about my mister 166: we used to say around here don't do that Interviewer: aha okay um and a man would say well I was asking my 166: wife Interviewer: okay are uh another woman with a much 166: might talk to some other man call um up together and they'd get together and they'd talk Interviewer: sure 166: just like we'd get together about cooking things out there Interviewer: okay and the woman whose lost her husband is called a 166: widow Interviewer: and a man whose wife is dead is a 166: widower Interviewer: okay 166: well I tell ya I hate talking to tell you something I read in Aggie last night well my momma she had a piece of that paper in there I wish I had it oh hold on she had um well I didn't need to my daughter had a baby and her husband stayed in the bedroom with his mother and law and they went up in there alone to lift that long bed Interviewer: in the news paper today 166: In the Aggies Interviewer: oh my 166: yes and there's the newspaper Interviewer: {NW} 166: I wish I had any they'd be it at all Interviewer: probably wouldn't hurt a lot 166: just thought I'd tell you Interviewer: she is I didn't see the paper yesterday and uh what did what did you call your father did you say daddy or father or 166: well I'm not sure I always {B} daddy and everybody would call him daddy Interviewer: and what did you call your father 166: papa Interviewer: okay uh and your grandfather 166: grandfather Interviewer: okay and your other 166: granddaddy Interviewer: uh-uh and your grand and your uh 166: grandmother Interviewer: okay and your mother you called her 166: called her mom Interviewer: uh-uh and your grand children they call their father 166: oh uh they call him grand granddaddy now used to they'd call him papa Interviewer: and you have a son that has children 166: he has two Interviewer: and uh what does he what do his children call him 166: daddy Interviewer: okay 166: they didn't do it old times now they just call him papa change that to daddy there was momma then Interviewer: gotcha okay any other words pop and pa did you used to use them or hear um used in someone else's home 166: uh-huh Interviewer: but you said papa 166: yeah Interviewer: okay and your mother and father together are called your 166: call um momma and papa Interviewer: uh-uh they're your 166: mom and daddy Interviewer: are your parents how how do you say that 166: yeah you say parents Interviewer: okay 166: my parents Interviewer: and uh if you're talking about both your son and your daughters and use just one word you'd say my 166: son Interviewer: yes and if your daughter 166: daughter uh-uh Interviewer: you might say my children 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: have you 166: sometimes I'll say my kids Interviewer: okay any other words anything that that old people used to call um besides kids would your grandfather maybe say or talk about would he say the kids or would he have said 166: sometimes he'd say my kids then he might say my grandchild Interviewer: uh-uh what about words like younguns the younguns do people say that around here and what's the word for something with wheels on it that might push a baby in 166: go carts you could call um go carts a carriage or Interviewer: okay and if your saying that your gonna take that baby out in the go cart or carriage you say well I'm gonna go 166: take ride the baby there Interviewer: okay if you're talking about your children what word would you use to say now that's now John is the most mature of them you'd say he's the most uh grown up of my boys how would you say that maybe you would just use the word grown up 166: I think you could Interviewer: okay {NW} 166: you'll have to help me out Interviewer: well that you know uh 166: I can't think their face Interviewer: uh that's fine if you'd talk about your children you'd say well I've got uh what two sons 166: one son Interviewer: one son and 166: two two daughters Interviewer: oh and uh if a woman is going to have a child you'd say she's 166: pregnant Interviewer: and do you remember any old ways of how people might have said that anything else You ever heard of anything like in health or anything sorta kinda joking term like she's a foot broke or maybe broke her leg to say she has a baby nope 166: no I never Interviewer: okay and if you don't have a doctor to deliver a baby the woman you might have would be called a 166: midwife Interviewer: okay and you say your babies were delivered by doctors 166: a doctor mm-hmm Interviewer: and if a boy an his father have made it the same eyes and the same color hair 166: say they favor Interviewer: and if a woman has taken care of three children until their grown you say well she three children she's 166: she's raised three children Interviewer: okay and if a child has been bad you're gonna say your gonna get a 166: switching Interviewer: okay or uh if it was gonna not be with a switch but with your hand you might say it's gonna be 166: paddle Interviewer: okay and uh if you measure one of your grandchildren you say well uh you are uh four feet and five inches tall thats three inches taller than you were last year you have really 166: grown Interviewer: hows that 166: grown Interviewer: okay 166: that's what we used to say I don't know what they say now Interviewer: #1 they don't mention it anymore # 166: #2 none of um are around no more # Interviewer: alright 166: they Interviewer: and what about a child whose mother and father are not married what is they word that you'd use for 166: um what is that Interviewer: or any word that uh um it might be a joking word even you could say that's an illegitimate child 166: that's what they say Interviewer: uh-uh and have you ever heard the word bastard 166: yeah Interviewer: is that 166: thats the old style the old saying Interviewer: okay you remember any other words 166: no i don't Interviewer: okay um maybe just any words that would apply to black people or a baby whose mother is not married 166: I've never really heard of that kind of man Interviewer: yes 166: just on the news niggers there's that any man Interviewer: okay not that I've heard um okay and if you're talking about uh a child whose very affectionate you might say well she is uh she is uh very loving and if you're talking about somebody else you'd say well she's even more she's the most she is the {D: loviest} how would you say that how one is much more than the other 166: I don't know how I would say it ever hear somebody described as that maybe as sweet as she can be Interviewer: you might say she's the {D: loviest} child 166: yes there she is Interviewer: how would you say that? most loving or {D: loviest} 166: most loving child I reckon because I don't know how else to put it Interviewer: okay 166: she knew people but when she comes over here she was but five years old Interviewer: is there uh 166: and she'd come over here and raise my gate Interviewer: oh well that's nice little children are 166: sweet kid Interviewer: right and uh your brother's son you'd say he's my 166: nephew Interviewer: and uh if uh a child is lost both it's mother and it's father is a or orphan 166: orphan yeah Interviewer: how's that 166: orphan Interviewer: okay and uh does that word mean only if he is in a home or an institution or could it mean if he's with another 166: I believe it would go with that I believe if it's mother and father weren't had passed away Interviewer: okay and uh a person uh who is appointed to take care of an orphan is called it's 166: guardian Interviewer: okay and uh if a woman is going to have lets say a big dinner and in the light off of all the people who are related to her you might say she asked all of her 166: family reunion Interviewer: okay would you be more likely to say kin folks or kin people 166: sometimes maybe Interviewer: or relatives 166: relatives ought to be the main thing Interviewer: okay uh an if your talking about someone up the street uh her name's {B} but she's no 166: candy man Interviewer: okay and if someone come into town and never been there before and the people you know don't quite know him then I'd say well he's a 166: new fella in town Interviewer: okay would you ever use the word foreigner 166: no I never have Interviewer: okay 166: you just say new Interviewer: okay what about a common name for a girl that begins with an m or Jesus's mother's name was 166: um Interviewer: in the bible Jesus's mother's name was m 166: Mary Interviewer: okay and uh 166: {D: the rings right on the yard} Interviewer: yes ma'am there's a whole lot of proper names I'm gonna ask you about another name for a girl that starts with an m or a woman not Mary but George Washington's wife I think there's a cape with maybe um Margaret maybe 166: I don't know Mary Interviewer: mm-kay and what about a nickname that starts with an n there used to be a song uh wait till the sun shines 166: mm Interviewer: and then uh there's uh there's song about Aunt Dina quilt party I was seeing mm-mm 166: like she had a nickname Interviewer: uh uh what about uh uh a song or story that uh talking about who did the cow kick in the stomach in the barn you remember something like that 166: well I've never heard that Interviewer: okay have you ever heard of a nickname for the name Helen 166: No I haven't Interviewer: okay 166: I know a lot of Helen but I never heard no nicknames Interviewer: what about Nelly? 166: Nelly? Interviewer: is that nickname for anybody else 166: I think I'd call her Nell I think straight Nell instead of Nelly. Interviewer: okay and a nickname for a boy named William what might you call him 166: um bob Interviewer: okay {X} what about bill or billy 166: well it may be billy instead of bobby I'm not sure Interviewer: hows that 166: maybe bill Interviewer: alright 166: instead of Interviewer: uh 166: I believe it is Interviewer: uh what about another nickname for a will if William is just shortened of will you ever hear that his name is William we call him 166: Will Interviewer: uh-uh um w uh what about the male goat you know the the the female goats a nanny goat the male is a you say billy goat 166: that's what we call him billy goat Interviewer: okay and uh in the uh in the bible there were uh these four men that wrote the first four books there was the other three was mark, and Luke and John and the first one's name was a man named Matt Matthew 166: yeah Matthew Interviewer: mm-kay and what about a woman that conducts a school that keeps a school she's a 166: teacher Interviewer: okay did you you used to call her teacher or did you have any other words for you remember for it a school mom or school missus 166: no teacher when we was growing up then we'd call um teacher but we'd call them by their names might could be Ms. {B} I went to school with her names like that for some of the school teachers yes I just say Ms. {B} Interviewer: okay is there anybody around here who's last name is cooper or cooper you know that 166: it's Ms. cooper {B} that's what her name {B} that's the only one that I know Interviewer: alright but her okay {B} 166: her husband's dead Interviewer: okay ah what about uh a preacher who's not really trained and who doesn't have a regular pulpit but maybe just preaches here or there 166: {D: a supply kin preacher} Interviewer: okay have you ever heard anybody like that called a jack league preacher 166: yeah I heard that Interviewer: uh what about uh somebody that has a trade that you just kind of learn would you use jack league like you do with a a blacksmith or a mechanic 166: mechanic I'd say would be mechanic working on calls and things Interviewer: would you ever if he's not really trained would you call him what would call you and say he's a jack 166: well that'd be just about right Interviewer: you never heard jackleg? 166: no Interviewer: okay 166: some young jack league we got fixing on that call that's what I'd say Interviewer: you ever hear anybody say he's a jack league lawyer or a jack league doctor 166: yeah yeah they about anybody like that Interviewer: okay he's just jackleg means really not trying 166: if you don't mind him then half the time he's alright Interviewer: okay and your mother's sister you would say she's my 166: aunt Interviewer: and uh back in the bible again Abraham do you remember Abraham's wife was S- 166: There's so many in there that I honestly can't Interviewer: like a bunch of um I might have forgotten so much of this do you remember any of your young friends Sarah or Sarhie 166: I don't remember terribly Interviewer: okay 166: you know there are so many names in there when you read it you go over it and you go back over it and still can't let it just drop Interviewer: sure what about a bakery product something lee's pies 166: blackberry pie Interviewer: or different kinds of pastries Sarah lee you ever hear of a Sarah lee pastry advertised on the T-V see it in the store 166: yes I heard it on the T-V but I never never see it in stores I never get food like that never Interviewer: right how do they call it on T-V Sarah Lee they say Sarah lee or Sarah lee you say it for me 166: Sarah lee I reckon Interviewer: okay 166: that's what we put in Interviewer: okay 166: whether it's right or not Interviewer: uh if your father had a brother whose name was William you'd probably call him then 166: Bill Interviewer: um but he's your father's brother put something in front of it you might say he's my 166: i don't know Interviewer: not your husband's brother your father's brother 166: oh Interviewer: you say so she's my aunt and he's my 166: uncle Interviewer: okay and his name were John you'd say well hello heres 166: uncle john Interviewer: okay how um okay and uh do remember back when you were talking about the civil war the war between the states the who was the general of the southern forces and the high school over in Tomson is named for him 166: I don't know that Interviewer: yeah uh Robert E Lee high school over in Tomson I thought you might have heard of that because the football games but he was uh and 166: invitations to the football Interviewer: sure 166: better in line Interviewer: okay but the head man in the army is uh g- 166: what is he on I know that Interviewer: general general 166: general Interviewer: how 166: general horse Interviewer: okay and the man who introduced the Kentucky Fried Chicken 166: cook that Interviewer: yes but uh you remember on the the bucket you know the big sign get some of 166: Kentucky Fried Chicken Interviewer: yeah who was it who started Kentucky Fried Chicken his last name was Sanders and they a title in front of that what's the chow say Colonel Sanders 166: I don't know what the thing is Interviewer: okay 166: cause I don't have food anymore Interviewer: right 166: I tried um one time tasted like wet chicken stripes #1 I never # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 166: so I never tried none of it Interviewer: that doesn't sound very good does it 166: mm cause I used to raise chickens Interviewer: I bet you made it good too okay but then {NS} what are some other army ranks besides general do you think of any you know he's not a private he's a 166: {D: major} Interviewer: oh you might say a major or 166: #1 uh-uh major # Interviewer: #2 would you ever say captain # or captain 166: captain uh-uh Interviewer: okay and colonel 166: colonel yeah Interviewer: how's that 166: colonel go with it too Interviewer: okay 166: any of them Interviewer: and uh uh the man who presides over the cabinet in court {D} is the 166: jury Interviewer: how 166: jury Interviewer: alright and the person that goes to college is a he's a he's studying in college you say well he's a a college 166: student Interviewer: okay {NW} {NW} excuse me and the person who is employed by the business man to oh type his letters and answer the telephone is a 166: secretary treasurer Interviewer: and a woman who okay and a woman who appears in plays or movies is a not an actor but a 166: an actor Interviewer: if it's a man we call him an actor if its a woman we call her an actress actress 166: there Interviewer: how you say 166: say actress Interviewer: how 166: actress whatever you call um Interviewer: okay and anybody that is born in the united states is we say well he's not a Mexican he's an 166: united states Interviewer: okay or you use American 166: yeah American Interviewer: and 166: he's American Interviewer: okay and um um do you are there any other words to that that white people use to describe black people that we might not have talked about 166: niggers Interviewer: okay anything else 166: that's what they called um back then was niggers Interviewer: that's all you ever called um okay have you ever heard anybody use anything else 166: but for niggers maybe I heard um called coloreds Interviewer: okay 166: coloreds Interviewer: okay and uh {NS} {NW} um the people who are not negroes like us you'd say well that there negroes are we're 166: white Interviewer: okay any other words for uh white person maybe someone who's poor or lazy but is white would you have a word for them he's just a 166: just don't work Interviewer: okay 166: {D: quit it} Interviewer: what about uh um do you use the word white trash 166: sometime people do Interviewer: right what about uh cracker does a cracker mean somebody don't work her or does it mean use the word Georgia cracker or 166: Georgia cracker Interviewer: that just mean somebody who lives in this state 166: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 does it necessarily # 166: #2 mm-hmm Georgia cracker # Interviewer: okay it doesn't mean that they're lazy or won't work that's just 166: just mean they're Interviewer: from here not from Alabama okay uh {NW} did uh did mr {B} have colored people work for him sometimes 166: oh yeah we'd work niggers all the times on the farm Interviewer: and what would they call your husband what would they call him 166: boss Interviewer: okay did you ever hear master or 166: no I never heard they called him a lot of things not that they called him Mr. {B} or boss Interviewer: okay {NS} uh what about uh a word for somebody who {NW} lived out in the country and maybe just never came to town and maybe didn't know how to act as they did any uh any word for somebody who #1 just always laying about # 166: #2 maybe call um country {D} # Interviewer: #1 # 166: #2 # country what else do you put there country cracker or something #1 might be that or maybe that mm # Interviewer: #2 country cracker maybe cracker might # okay what about hill billy hill billy do you use that word 166: no I never had heard really I can't think right now what they do call um but I'll think later but not now Interviewer: okay 166: country crackers that's what they call um Interviewer: country crackers okay and if you saw somebody downtown and maybe was barefooted and dressed in overalls and just look like he had never had a bath or whatever you might say look at that old 166: cracker Interviewer: okay uh if it's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well um it's not quite midnight yet 166: eleven o'clock Interviewer: okay and if you wanted just 166: eleven thirty or something Interviewer: okay or uh um would you say it's almost or it's pretty near 166: yeah you could say that Interviewer: would you ever say it's pretty near or petty near midnight 166: yeah Interviewer: you'd say almost how would you be more likely to say it 166: maybe fifteen minutes Interviewer: uh-uh 166: like that Interviewer: uh and if somebody said well it's time to go to bed you might say well it's 166: sleepy time Interviewer: alright okay is 166: about to get up the next morning Interviewer: okay {NW} uh and you might say well we better getting home it's midnight it's 166: time to go home Interviewer: okay 166: lets leave Interviewer: would you be inclined to say it's almost midnight or pretty near midnight which one would you be more likely to say 166: I'd say it's close to midnight Interviewer: close to midnight alright uh if you uh slip say on a slick place and catch yourself you might say this is a dangerous place I almost fell 166: fell Interviewer: I 166: slipped in Interviewer: well alright that I almost fell I nearly fell 166: mm-hmm but if you catch yourself you nearly fell Interviewer: okay and if somebody is waiting for you to go and uh he says will you be ready soon you might say well I'll be with you in 166: two minutes Interviewer: okay and if somebody if you know you're on the right road but you're not sure of the the distance you might ask somebody and say uh if you were going up to there you might say well oh how 166: far is it or something like that Interviewer: oh how's that 166: how far is it down there Interviewer: alright and uh 166: it's fifteen miles Interviewer: uh-uh if you're pointing to something uh nearby you might tell somebody oh 166: that's pretty Interviewer: okay and if you wanted someone to look at it you might say look here look at this 166: I want to see it Interviewer: okay {NW} 166: look at it Interviewer: okay and uh if you want to know how many times in the course of the week you'd say your neighbor goes up town you might say well how do you go up town how how would you say how often how often do you go up town 166: I'd go by myself I don't go but once or twice Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm but how would you # 166: #2 I'd have to walk # Interviewer: yeah how would you ask somebody if you wanted to find out whether or not they were there everyday you'd say how often do you go out of town would you say that 166: yeah you could say that but I don't know what they'd tell or they might go and stay in town somewhere Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: but you can't keep up with them when you do right I know the Fosters over there they go everyday to get their mail Interviewer: but you don't go very #1 and I'd say I don't go very often # 166: #2 I don't go very often # Interviewer: okay um and if you agree with someone and they say well I'm not gonna do that or I'm not gonna vote for that guy you might say well I'm not well mm 166: I'll say I'd knock him on the head Interviewer: okay or would you um use a neither am I uh neither am I you ever say neither am I 166: you can say that Interviewer: how would you say that you would say neither am I just say it for me 166: Neither that Interviewer: neither am I am I going neither am I 166: well that's it then Interviewer: how would you say it 166: I'd say that #1 neither am I # Interviewer: #2 okay # 166: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 166: uh and uh Interviewer: uh what do you call this part of your face up here 166: forehead Interviewer: and uh if you um if you go to the beauty shop you may say well I've got to get my 166: hair set Interviewer: and 166: I'd get everything set Interviewer: and If a man has hair growing here that's a 166: beard Interviewer: and uh uh you have two um you hear out of your 166: ears Interviewer: okay and you say well um um where would the store keeper keep his pencil when you said figure what you can 166: He'd keep it on the table then whole back of his ears Interviewer: okay 166: it is Interviewer: okay and you might say well if he were left handed you'd keep it on his 166: right side Interviewer: on his ear 166: left side Interviewer: okay um would you say left ear 166: what well wouldn't that be the way he Interviewer: uh-uh okay and if you were right handed he'd keep it on his 166: right Interviewer: right ear right what 166: right side Interviewer: okay uh 166: the ear Interviewer: okay and if somebody is um is talking and oh is um chewing gum at the same time and you can't understand and you might say take that chewing gum out of your 166: mouth Interviewer: and uh this part of your body is your your okay or your your throat lays {D} 166: #1 legs{D} # Interviewer: #2 down # okay and what about this little spot right here 166: used to call them {D: goose sores} Interviewer: okay 166: that's what they used to call them I don't know what they call them now Interviewer: they just don't call um anymore I don't think okay and if uh you go to the dentist you have him look at your 166: teeth Interviewer: okay and if you Interviewer: Have him look at your 166: Teeth. Interviewer: Okay and if you have one that's bad he says well I'm gonna have to pull that 166: Tooth. Interviewer: And the flesh around the teeth are the This part you know 166: Gums. Interviewer: Okay. And um the inside of your hand is your 166: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: And if you double it up it's a 166: Fist. Interviewer: #1 You got two of them they're # 166: #2 {NW} # Two fists. Interviewer: Okay. How would say two of 'em two 166: Two you say two fists. Interviewer: Okay. 166: One either one you. Interviewer: At any place where you're you bend is called a 166: #1 This is called an elbow # Interviewer: #2 You say I've # Uh-huh. And 166: This is your knees. Interviewer: Right. And uh any place where bones come together maybe you you say as well I've got getting kind of stiff in my 166: Hips. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But uh what about the word that means all of those places? You know like the hips and this and you say the joints 166: Joints. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Cuz I'm {X} Interviewer: Yeah. And the upper part of a man's body is his you might he's got a broad 166: Shoulder. Interviewer: Okay and the part out of here is his 166: Small. Interviewer: {NW} But you might say this is his uh 166: Chest. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh this back here is his 166: Shoulder. Interviewer: And two of them are his 166: Shoulders. Interviewer: Uh okay how's that? 166: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay and they might. They used to measure the height of a horse they didn't say he the horse was so many feet high but so many 166: Feet. Interviewer: They used fists I believe. Did you ever hear 'em talking about the height of a horse and say so many 166: #1 Were you driving him? # Interviewer: #2 Well # Uh well no I just talking about the measurement. But this whole thing is your 166: Hand. Interviewer: Okay. And two 166: Hands. Interviewer: And uh if uh this whole part of your body is your 166: This is your thighs here. Interviewer: Okay. 166: And this is your legs. What you call legs here and Interviewer: Okay. And then down at the bottom are your 166: Foot. Toes. Interviewer: And your two of 'em are Uh uh you wear your shoes on your 166: Foot. Interviewer: Okay two. 166: Feet. Interviewer: Okay. And what about if you hurt yourself right here. You ever heard that called anything 166: Yeah I got it now Interviewer: What would you say 166: {D: Worn flesh isn't it} Is that what you're talking about? Interviewer: Uh-huh if you bump yourself right there you say oo I hit myself on my #1 Shin. # 166: #2 What they're called # Interviewer: You ever 166: Yeah that's where that's Interviewer: #1 oo # 166: #2 where I get # {X} {D: with a rock.} Interviewer: You sure do. Okay. Uh. What about the back part of your thighs like if you're working in the flowers and you're pulling weeds you might say well I had to uh 166: Bend over. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say squat down? Or hunker down? 166: Squat down. I bend over. I just bend over. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if somebody has been sick awhile and he's up and around now you might say well he still looks a little bit 166: Droopy. Interviewer: Okay. What about his if uh any other words for that? 166: Pale. Interviewer: Okay. 166: #1 You gonna get through with me today? # Interviewer: #2 And # Uh I'll quit whenever you get tired. Are you getting tired? 166: No I can make it a little #1 longer. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 166: #1 I get {D: dizzy} # Interviewer: #2 We'll do a little bit more # 166: #1 Sure well I don't want you to # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: have to come back that's the Interviewer: Well no that's no problem at all. 166: You gotta see somebody else. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's all right no problem. Uh if a person can lift heavy weights you might say my he is really a 166: Strong. Interviewer: Okay and if someone is easy to get along with is always pleasant you might say she's such a 166: Nice sweet person Interviewer: Okay. And if someone is uh is is always just happy you might say she's always 166: Happy. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody's who's always stumbling and falling you know like a teenage boy you might say well he is just always so 166: Clumsy. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody keeps doing things that just uh just don't make any sense at all you might say he's a plain 166: Hard head. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words for that Would you ever say a fool? 166: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 166: Crazy. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say he's just a plain fool? Or is that kind of strong? Is that kind of seem like it's too ugly to say that? Do you ever say oh he's just a fool. Somebody says maybe you could get him to do some work for you. I say I don't want him to do work for me he's just a 166: too slow. Interviewer: Okay. What about somebody who won't spend any money at all. He's a real 166: Won't do what? Interviewer: Won't spend his money at all. 166: Stingy. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say he's a tightwad? Have you heard that? 166: I've heard tightwad but I don't Interviewer: A tightwad. 166: Oh yeah yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What about uh miser. Do they ever say somebody say keeps all his money somewhere you ever heard the word miser? 166: No I haven't about money Interviewer: Okay uh uh. What about the word uh uh common. Would you be likely to use that uh in a complimentary or an uncomplimentary way if you're talking about uh a person and you wanted to say well they're just nice everyday people. Would you be likely to say oh they're just common people? Or would it be more likely to mean well they're not very nice people they just common they're just trash. How would what does the word common mean to you? 166: I believe it mean that uh they just the same thing all the time. Interviewer: Okay. I like them they're just #1 common folks. Okay. # 166: #2 Mm-hmm. # {D: Old} people. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Uh. # 166: #2 But they're good. # Interviewer: Right. All right if uh if there's somebody who's uh oh an older man say he's ninety years old but he's just going all the time and real busy. You might say well he's quite for his age. He's quite. 166: Good for his age. Interviewer: Right #1 uh. # 166: #2 Getting around good for his age. # Interviewer: Okay. How any other ways. Would you say he's spry or #1 he's # 166: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: very active. Uh Real peppy. No? Wouldn't say peppy? For somebody's who's ninety and just goes all the time 166: Say he's got good health. Interviewer: Okay. Uh If the children were out late and uh uh you might say well I don't suppose there's anything wrong, but I can't help feeling a little bit 166: Worried. Interviewer: Okay uh. Well you wouldn't say that you feel easy about it you might say 166: Uneasy. Interviewer: Okay. Uh have you ever if you hear somebody saying I don't wanna go upstairs in the dark I'm a- 166: Scared. Interviewer: Okay. Or another way of saying scared might be 166: Uneasy. Interviewer: Okay or afraid. 166: Yeah afraid. Interviewer: Okay and if somebody isn't afraid now, but she when she was real little she Would you say she used to be? 166: What was what was that question? Interviewer: Uh if you're talking about somebody and you say well she isn't afraid now she's a big girl 166: She used to be. Interviewer: Okay. 166: {NW} Interviewer: And or then you might say well she's afraid now. I don't understand it she 166: hasn't been afraid when she was little Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What's the opposite of she used to be afraid? She didn't used to be afraid or She's afraid now but she didn't used to be? Would you say that? 166: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Somebody who leaves a lot of money out on the table and leaves the doors unlocked. You might say well he's mighty 166: Careless. Interviewer: And uh if uh if you're talking about somebody she's just uh uh they might say well there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzie but sometimes she acts kind of 166: Just not right. Interviewer: Okay any other ways of saying that? 166: Yeah say How cuz you you mean she's mentally but at the same time it wouldn't be called that would it Interviewer: Okay would you uh 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you say she's kind of queer? # 166: Yeah. Interviewer: Does that mean anything else? 166: Yeah that means it's she uh has different ways #1 from hers. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. What would you call somebody who always wants to have his own way? #1 He's just a # 166: #2 Hard headed. # Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you there's somebody you can't joke with at all they'll get mad you might say well you you can't joke with him without losing his temper. He's mighty 166: Churlish. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and to say that somebody just absolutely lost their temper completely you might say well I was just kidding him and he got 166: Mad. Interviewer: And if somebody is about to lose his temper and you don't want him to you might say now just 166: Touchy Interviewer: Okay. Or uh uh and if there's a an emergency and everybody's getting excited and you want to tell them to be easy you might say now just keep 166: Calm. Interviewer: How would you say that? 166: Calm. C-L-M. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you've been working very hard and you might say well I am just 166: Give out. Interviewer: Okay. Uh any other ways of saying that? 166: Tired. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What about uh If you say well if I work uh very hard I just real quickly I wear out Would you say that? 166: Give out Interviewer: Okay. uh have you ever used wear out? 166: You you can #1 use that # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 166: {D: if you wanted} Interviewer: And then you might say well I was working in the yard and I 166: So tired. Interviewer: I just wore 166: Out. Interviewer: Oh how would you say it 166: Wore out. Interviewer: Okay. If a person has been quite well and you suddenly hear that they have a disease you might say last night she 166: Was alright. Interviewer: Yeah and then suddenly she 166: Uh had a stroke or had a Interviewer: Okay. Would you say she got sick or she took sick In the middle of the night. 166: She had a spell. Interviewer: Okay okay and if uh you wanna say well uh he's sick now uh but uh he'll be up again by 166: Keep it going. Interviewer: Okay. 166: He's sick but {D: out there} drive a car. Interviewer: Okay. And if you mean sometime in the future he'll get better you might say by and by or uh uh you mean well talking about the work well there's a lot of work to do but we'll get it done 166: After a while. Interviewer: Alright. And if someone sat in a draft and uh began to cough you might say #1 now look if you stay out in that and he what? # 166: #2 Too cold # Too cold. Interviewer: Okay. And if it affected his voice you might say listen he's if he sounds strange when he talks listen 166: Hoarse. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if he has a {NW} You say listen to that 166: Dry cough. Interviewer: And uh if you like if it's getting late you might say well I better go to bed I'm feeling a little bit I'm ready to go to bed I it's getting late. I'm feeling a little bit 166: Sleepy. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say well every morning at six o'clock I 166: Get up. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you you say I didn't want to get up but I 166: Had to. Interviewer: Okay. And uh and so maybe you want to just say that you're not asleep but you stayed in bed. You say well at six o'clock this morning I not I got up but I just I 166: Went back to sleep Interviewer: Okay but if you mean just to wake up you might say I didn't mean to get up, but I 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Woke. I woke up. # And uh if you're uh if you tell one of the children that uh that uh so and so is upstairs asleep you might say go up and 166: #1 Go to bed. # Interviewer: #2 You want him to # Yeah well you want the child to go up and tell this person to get up so you're gonna say go up and shake him go up and 166: Get up and Interviewer: wake him up. How. 166: Just shake him to wake him up. Interviewer: Okay. 166: And get up breakfast is ready. Interviewer: Okay and if uh if uh some medicine is still on the table beside the bed you might say why haven't you 166: Took that medicine. Interviewer: And the patient might say well uh uh I 166: Forgot it. Interviewer: Okay. And he might say yes that he'd already had it he might say well just a half an hour ago I 166: Took some. Interviewer: And I'll Some more later on. I'll So later on I'll 166: Take it. Interviewer: Okay. And if uh you can't hear anything at all you might say well I'm just stone 166: De- Deaf {C: mispronounces deaf as deef} or Deaf {NW} D-E-A-F #1 How do you pronounce that # Interviewer: #2 yeah. You say both? # You hear both of 'em deaf and deaf {C: deef}? 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if somebody can hear a little bit not very well. They're not completely deaf you might say uh well he's getting a little bit #1 He's not deaf. How's that? # 166: #2 Hard of hearing. # Hard of hearing. Interviewer: okay. and uh if if he began to sweat when he was working in the sun you might say well um 166: I got hot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. He in the sun. He to mean that all that perspiration you say he's in the hot sun he's 166: Sweaty. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say well you take your uh jacket off and your clothes are all sticking to you might say look how I've been 166: Sweating. Interviewer: And uh if you have a sore that comes to a head you say 166: #1 Rising # Interviewer: #2 this is. # 166: That's a rising is what we used to call Interviewer: Okay. Uh and if water uh you put on the stove and it gets so hot that it will start bubbling you say it's 166: Boiling. Interviewer: Okay. And if uh and do you ever call a rising a boil? 166: Hmm? Interviewer: Do you ever call a rising a boil? 166: Mm-hmm. I had 'em when I was young. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if it opens the stuff that drains out what do you call that? 166: A lot of times you have to have it done. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call that stuff that may #1 run out # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. uh and if you have an infection in your hand {X} and it gets big you might say my hand is 166: Swelled. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if has uh and I say talking about your wrist I don't what's the matter with my wrist it has 166: #1 It has a cramp in it # Interviewer: #2 This way. # 166: #1 {D: And I just} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh and if it's just getting bigger # If it's just getting bigger it has 166: Swelled. Interviewer: Okay. And then you might say well I hope it won't tomorrow 166: Be better tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay I hope it won't I hope it won't 166: Be sore. Interviewer: Okay Um and if you have a blister and there's a little bit of something inside of it clear 166: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 what do you call that? # 166: Um {D: They} call it busts. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 166: #2 Bust for that # {D: correction} to come out. Interviewer: Okay what what drains out of it. Of a blister if it bursts. 166: #1 Puss. # Interviewer: #2 There's a little bit of # Is it puss if it's clear and it's just like 166: Puss we used to call it. Interviewer: Okay 166: #1 I don't know they # Interviewer: #2 how's that # 166: have so many names now #1 puss # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 166: is what we used to call it. And then you nee- stick a needle in it or something to let it out. Interviewer: Okay. And if in a war uh a soldier has a wound say a bullet goes through his arm you say he got a bad 166: Bad uh arm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if someone was stabbed and they had to uh to go to the doctor you say I've gotta get a doctor to look at the what do you call that place where the knife went in a w- 166: To the doctor. #1 You would call it a wound # Interviewer: #2 to look at # Okay. Uh what about do you remember a long time ago maybe uh around a wound there would be a kind of skinless growth and it would be hard and uh white. A granular looking substance might form around the edge and sometime it had to be cut out or burned out. Do you remember anything like that? Some kind of flesh did you ever hear? 166: No I haven't Interviewer: You ever heard of something called proud flesh. 166: Yeah I've heard of that. Interviewer: How is that? 166: Swelled up Interviewer: Uh-huh How do you call it? 166: Pr- what you called it. Interviewer: #1 Proud flesh. # 166: #2 Proud flesh. (C: mispronounces proud} # Interviewer: Okay. And what kind of medicine do you put on if you get a little bitty cut on your finger you might say well I'll put some 166: {X} Interviewer: Okay. What about that red stuff that burns. 166: Iodine. Interviewer: And uh what about something they used to give for a tonic for malaria that tasted real bad? 166: Um. #1 {D: Chill} tonic # Interviewer: #2 Was it # 166: we used to take what's called a chill tonic when we was growing up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever have quinine or 166: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 quinine. # 166: We took quinine yeah. Interviewer: How is it? 166: Quinine. Interviewer: Okay. And if a person was shot and didn't recover you might say well he 166: Gone. Interviewer: Okay what other ways of saying that? He I I think I heard you say somebody passed on 166: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Any other ways? # 166: #2 Somebody was shot and killed. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How would the preacher maybe talking about it in church say it. He Would he say he passed on? Or he died. 166: Died. Interviewer: Okay. Uh 166: Passed away they're saying that now. #1 Passed away # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 166: we used to say die Interviewer: Okay. Uh what about any sort of joking way use of it they might say it about oh let's say it was somebody that was an old skin flint you might say well that old skin flint finally 166: {D: Found a good humor.} Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Do you ever hear kick the bucket? 166: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 166: #2 Heard that. # Interviewer: Yeah Okay Uh What about uh when you're telling somebody that maybe I don't know uh I don't know what he died 166: with Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about uh the place where people are buried 166: #1 Cemetery # Interviewer: #2 What do you call # Okay and if it's out in the country. And very small 166: Small cemetery. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if it's around the church it's a cemetery is there a different word for one if it's not around a church but just maybe out on the farm like just one family used. 166: Definitely that's definitely the word, but I don't know how to say it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever say uh 166: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 graveyard. # 166: Grave site. Interviewer: Grave site. 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That's what the area 166: out in the woods. Interviewer: Okay. 166: I know several around here that's in the woods. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. What about the box that people are buried in. What do you call that? 166: Um casket. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 166: #2 They used to make 'em when we was coming up # Take wood and make a Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 166: #2 casket. # They had no {X} then. Interviewer: Well who made it? So {B} the members of the family or friends? 166: Friends. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: {X} like that it's that's been years and years ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how would they would they line them with something? 166: I don't remember because I was small then. I was just twelve years old when he died Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 166: #1 But I # Interviewer: #2 And # 166: remember making it but they didn't make it at the house {X} had it somewhere else #1 {D: and made it.} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 166: I never did see the inside. Interviewer: And what is the ceremony called when somebody dies? 166: Conduct a funeral. Interviewer: Alright. And if the people are dressed in black and they're being very sad you might say the family's in 166: Mourning. That's what we used to call it. Interviewer: {NW} Excuse me. 166: But now they call it grieved. Interviewer: Oh okay. And uh what do you say in response if somebody says how're feeling you wanna say oh just 166: Pretty good. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} I'm sorry. If somebody's troubled you might 166: #1 perhaps you're getting chilly ain't you # Interviewer: #2 say. # No ma'am I'm no I'm very comfortable if you're alright we'll do a little bit more here Okay. If somebody's in trouble you might say oh he'll come out alright don't 166: Worry. Interviewer: And uh a disease of the joints is called uh when you get still in your joints and they hurt that's 166: Arthritis. Interviewer: Okay another kind 166: Um bursitis. Interviewer: Okay and rheum 166: I always call it just straight arthritis because that's what it is but they give everything new names Interviewer: Sure. Did they used to call it arthritis or did they ever use to call it what about rheumatism? 166: Yeah rheumatism. Interviewer: Is that about the same? 166: Yes it's about the same. Interviewer: What about a disease that they just don't have much anymore of the throat. Blisters would get inside of it and uh children would just choke with it {NW} 166: Diphtheria Interviewer: Don't have that much anymore do they? 166: {NW} My boy had it when he was a kid Interviewer: Is that right 166: #1 He almost died with it too # Interviewer: #2 Real sick # He died 166: He {D: liked to} Interviewer: #1 Oh # 166: #2 Doctor come # {X} next morning. And said well there's no use to give him {NS} said his tongue turned blue And I was {D: trying to} go to bed. I said where do you want. {D: I} said him another one try it. and he gave him that other shot and and in a little while the child was alright {D: things} was in his throat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Goodness that was something wasn't it. 166: And one child scared me the lady come and seen her and was reading said you know miss {D: Bible said} miss uh so and so young had a child that choked to death and fell {D: over in the wood} {X} with it. Interviewer: Goodness. 166: {X} I guess we're interrupting this. Interviewer: No that's fine. Uh what about a disease that sorta makes you turn yellow. 166: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Okay. And what about if you have your appendix taken out you might say you had an attack of 166: Appendicitis. Interviewer: And if somebody ate something that didn't agree with him and it came back up again you'd say he had to 166: Vomit Interviewer: And if somebody is uh pretty bad all this way. You might say oh he was leaning over the fence and more and more he was You have another word besides vomit? 166: Mm. Fell over. Interviewer: Mm yeah but uh but for the action of vomiting if you say well he uh he uh what about throw up? Or up 166: Used to call it throwing up {D: straight out} but now they've changed it to something else. Interviewer: Okay. Uh any you don't remember any other sorta joking ways of saying that? Don't remember anything like 166: No. Gag and I know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: A lot of times they say he's gagging #1 real gagging. # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Okay. And if a person uh vomited you might say oh he was sick 166: to his stomach. Interviewer: How. 166: Stomach. Was sick on his stomach. Interviewer: Sick on Okay uh 166: That's what we used to now they've changed everything so I may be wrong Interviewer: No I want to know any that you remember the way it used to be or now either one. Uh what about if uh somebody's very anxious to tell about things you say well just as she as soon as she got the news she came right over to 166: See about it. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 Curiosity. # Interviewer: Okay and she just came over to uh to tell would you say to tell the news. 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Cause I got that close to me. Interviewer: Okay. Okay and if you invite somebody to come over you might say well now if you don't come I 166: Get mad. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if uh if you're both uh you and someone else are going to be glad to see me you might say now we 166: Expecting. Interviewer: Okay we'll be uh 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever say we'll be glad to see you. # 166: Glad to see you. Interviewer: Okay. And if a child is misbehaving then you might say if you do that again I'll 166: Switch you. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say I'll uh Uh I'll go and tell your mother 166: Uh tell yeah. Interviewer: #1 How'd you say # 166: #2 {X} # If anybody you know like children I had their children that {X} instead of switching them I would tell them I was gonna tell their mother. Interviewer: Okay. And maybe if you tell a child to do something and he doesn't do it and he's being rude and you say well I'll just go and 166: Do {D: it myself} Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say uh uh talking about uh well I I guess we probably have all that uh what about uh how would you describe it if a boy is interested in a girl. You say he is what her he's 166: In love with her. Interviewer: Okay you ever hear courting. 166: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What about # 166: #2 Courting it used to be # courting all the time. Couple are courting Interviewer: uh courting okay. What about sparking? 166: Well I've heard that too. Interviewer: Remember any other words for that Keeping company. 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um. If a boy is paying serious attention to a girl what do you say he's doing he's courting would you use courting there? 166: Yeah. Go and see her. Interviewer: Mm k. 166: Have a date. Interviewer: Okay and if it gets more serious 166: You say they're gonna get married Interviewer: Okay and what do they call him. He's her 166: Sweetheart. Now that's what they used to called them {X} whatever it is now they have a new name for it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if a girl's putting on her best dress her little brother might say oh she's fixing up for her 166: Beau. Interviewer: Okay and uh she is his 166: #1 Sweetheart. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Used} to # Okay. Any other words for the sweetheart for a girl. 166: Well I don't remember #1 what it is growing up # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 166: when I was coming up I don't know what they do these days. Interviewer: Okay and what about if a if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother might look at him and say you been 166: Kissing Interviewer: Okay any other words for that? Kissing. Any old words that you remember for kissing. 166: No. Interviewer: Okay. 166: #1 Kiss that girl # Interviewer: #2 What about # 166: That's what it is The girl kissed you. Interviewer: Okay. And if he asked her to marry him and she doesn't want to what do you say she did to him 166: She they used to say kicked Interviewer: She kicked him okay. 166: Not kick him but meant that uh word that he wasn't going {X} that boy kicked that girl. Interviewer: Okay what about jilted. 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 166: #2 Yeah either one. # Interviewer: And so uh if she didn't turn him down they went ahead and got 166: Married. Interviewer: And at a wedding the man who stands up with the groom is the 166: Father-in-law to the girl Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 The boy's father # Interviewer: Okay you ever hear him called best #1 man or the groomsmen # 166: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And the girl that stands up with the bride is her 166: Her best best friend Interviewer: Okay. And do you remember anything about a real noisy party that they the people of the community used to get together and come to the couple's house when they just got married 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What'd they call that? Shiver. Shivaree 166: I don't remember what to call that. {D: Cheering on my wedding} Interviewer: How? 166: {D: Cheering} 'em Interviewer: Yeah. Did did they ever do that when you were young 166: Y- No not when I was right young but later on they picked it up you know throwing rice on 'em and things like that Interviewer: #1 Mm # 166: #2 Like they # do now but no then you just went mad and that was it. Interviewer: Right 166: Didn't have all this other Interviewer: Right. You don't remember anything about a crowd of people coming in the middle of the night and rattling pans and so forth outside 166: #1 Yeah they # Interviewer: #2 the # 166: used to do that in olden times. Bunch of them get together and you know just Interviewer: Yeah. 166: Go and ring a bell ring bells and things. {D: A lot was} Christmas times anyway. Interviewer: Yes oh 166: Regular folk people had to work so hard they had to go to bed and sleep Interviewer: Sure. Um Okay if you were telling somebody that yesterday you went to {D: Ellaville} and you saw such and such you might say oh yesterday I was #1 In {D: Ellaville} # 166: #2 {D: Ellaville} # And so Interviewer: Would you say in {D: Ellaville} 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever say up # to {D: Ellaville} or over in {D: Ellaville} 166: I went up to {D: Ellaville} that's the way that I say it Interviewer: Okay what about a town down south of here I went 166: I went down Interviewer: Okay and if it was over east you might say What would you say there 166: I say went down down but don't matter if it Interviewer: Okay and what about plains. How would you say that? 166: I went up to Plains. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 {D: so} # that's up with me Interviewer: Uh-huh 166: To me and that's down Interviewer: Uh-huh 166: And some people call that up Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 But I don't # Never have Interviewer: Okay Um And if you're somebody's in town and you wanna say well he stays with such and such a family say the Browns how would you say that. He lives the Browns. 166: Lives with Interviewer: Okay and if you're talking about all of uh the people who were at a party maybe it was noisy and loud you might say well the police came and got the 166: whole business. Interviewer: Okay and uh where do people like to go out to on an evening where they uh have music and maybe dance 166: Dance hall. Interviewer: And uh if if the children get out of school at four o'clock you say at school at four o'clock school 166: Is out Interviewer: Okay. And uh after vacation they say well when does school 166: Close Interviewer: Okay and if September they say when is it going to 166: Start Interviewer: Okay 166: They all run to grandmothers and tell her to go. Interviewer: {NW} 166: When they get out of school Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if a boy left home to go to school and uh and didn't actually go but maybe 166: Skipped school. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you say well you go to school to get an 166: Learning Interviewer: Okay or if you had a college 166: Education Interviewer: And uh after high school though you go where do you go to after 166: On to college. Interviewer: And uh if you got to kindergarten what then the first uh school is called what The first class you go to is called 166: Kindergarten Interviewer: Uh-huh and then you go to 166: Regular school Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh first grade 166: yeah. Interviewer: Did they used to say first reader or primer 166: First grade's all I lear- #1 ever heard # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Okay and at school you sit at a 166: Desk Interviewer: And a lot of them or several 166: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You say Well it wasn't not just this desk but all the 166: All of 'em Interviewer: All the 166: Desks. Interviewer: Okay. And the building especially for books is called a 166: What is it called library Interviewer: Okay and if you want to mail a package you go to the 166: to the post office. Interviewer: And if you go to see a play or a movie you go to the 166: Theater. Interviewer: And if you're sick you go to the 166: Doctor. Interviewer: And the building you go to if you go to stay several nights is a when you're sick 166: Go to the doctor and then to the um hospital Interviewer: And if you're taken of by a doctor he usually will have some help by several the women who help the doctor are 166: Nurses Interviewer: And uh if you go catch a train you go to the 166: {D: Went} into the depot Interviewer: Okay and uh if uh you might also call it might say the depot or the uh rail 166: Uh the uh bus station Interviewer: Okay or the railroad 166: Yeah railroad. Interviewer: Okay and uh the main part of town if it's uh like this you say that's the city uh place where there's grass and trees maybe around the courthouse is the what do you call that area downtown 166: Well I call that courthouse already. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 Cuz # we have it down here. Interviewer: Right have you seen any where there's no building in the middle maybe just grass and trees and uh benches. 166: Not up in town I haven't. Interviewer: Okay Uh what are you calling it if somebody instead of walking straight across a street at an intersection walks crossways 166: Crossways Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 Going across the street # Interviewer: Uh and the the vehicle that used to run on tracks with a wire over head in town 166: What did they call them little things there used to be a lot of them I lived right close to the railroad when I was small. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh electric car or a trolley or trolley car 166: Must be a trolley. Interviewer: What about tram? 166: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Ever heard of 'em. Okay # And if you're riding the bus you may tell the bus driver the next corner is where I want to 166: Get off. Interviewer: And uh uh the uh uh {D: Americas} is the what of {D: Sumpter} county. 166: {D: America soldier.} Interviewer: Is the what do you call it to Sumpter county 166: Yeah Sumpter county Interviewer: You say it's the county seat or the county capital? 166: County seat. #1 {D: I guess} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 166: But I know it's not capital. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh uh the the post master is employed by the federal 166: Federal um Interviewer: g- 166: Postal Interviewer: Uh-huh 166: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 Are you # The people in Washington are in charge of the g- 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 All the # 166: Well I call it {D: a government trial} Interviewer: Okay. and the police in a town are supposed to keep 166: Peace if he can Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 If he can do it # Interviewer: Okay And uh do you ever hear it called law and 166: Uh Interviewer: Keep law and order? 166: Keep law order uh-huh Interviewer: #1 Okay how is # 166: #2 That's what they're fixing to do now # Policemen's {D: off} {X} and on the news other day they sent two whole half a train {D: and they called ten twenty} sent twenty-six policemens {D: on} train and said they're gonna put tighter rules on it Interviewer: #1 Is that right # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay and if you you talk about the law you may put that together with the word order you say law and how do you say that? 166: Order or or Interviewer: #1 Order yeah # 166: #2 How do you say that # Order. Interviewer: You say law and order. 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How do you say it? 166: Order. Interviewer: Okay. 166: I guess that's right Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} And that uh fight we mentioned it before talking about Robert E Lee between the North and the South that big war what how'd you call that 166: War I reckon. Interviewer: Yeah would you say the 166: #1 {D: The war between} # Interviewer: #2 Civil War? # 166: the two Interviewer: #1 two states. # 166: #2 The {D: green} states okay. # Interviewer: And before they had the electric chair murderers were 166: {D: They were} hung Interviewer: #1 And. Oh. # 166: #2 Electrocuted. # 166: Two three or four years it's been going on. We uh, year before last we went to {D: Dearmount} but last year come home and year before that we went to uh Santa Fe, New Mexico. I've been out there two or three times. Twice I know. We went to Denver once and then my daughter comes home the next year. Interviewer: Sure. Okay well uh the uh the state up north that's supposed to have the most people in it that has the largest city is what? New, New York. New York. 166: I believe so {D: but that's it} you go head and name 'em {D: and I'll say} Interviewer: Okay uh now I just wanted your pronunciation of New York State, you know. 166: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 You say that # for me. 166: New York state. Interviewer: Alright I and uh uh Baltimore is in Maryland. 166: Mm-hmm that's what they call it. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 166: #2 Maryland. # Interviewer: How's that 166: Maryland. Interviewer: Okay. 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And # 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Right and what are some of the other states around, uh, well what's our state first is uh 166: United States. Interviewer: Okay and the one that we live in here is uh Georgia. 166: Yeah. Interviewer: And and what are some of the other states around here. Like near Georgia. 166: What? Interviewer: What are the names of some of the other states around here. 166: I'll tell ya I can't tell ya. Interviewer: Yeah well uh uh there's uh Richmond is the capital of Vir- 166: Virginia. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Raleigh is the capital of North 166: North Carolina Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh can you talk a little louder I'm afraid I'm not getting it And uh then there besides North Carolina there's 166: South Carolina. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: {X} Granddaughter called me from the there the other night. Interviewer: Is that right? And uh the one down south of us is where they grow all the oranges and everything is 166: Florida. Interviewer: And uh uh some of the other states down around uh Florida over to the west of us is uh Ala 166: Alabama. Interviewer: And uh then Baton Rouge is the capital of Louis- Louisiana {C: tape weird} 166: I don't know really {C: tape weird} Interviewer: Louisiana. 166: Yeah. Interviewer: How you say it? 166: Louisiana. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the blue grass state where all the horses and so forth supposed to be the racehorses is Ken 166: What? Interviewer: Ken- kentucky. 166: #1 If you say so # Interviewer: #2 Kentucky # 166: It's Kentucky. Interviewer: Yeah okay I just wanted your pronunciation of it. 166: Kentucky. Interviewer: And um then uh just between Georgia and Kentucky is Tenn 166: Tennessee. Interviewer: And uh uh then there's Missouri. 166: {X} #1 Missouri # Interviewer: #2 Missouri # Okay. And Little Rock is the capital of uh Ark- 166: Arkansas. Interviewer: And uh let's see uh Jackson is the capital of Mississ- 166: Mississippi. Interviewer: And uh the largest state uh out west is Did you go through this state where the cowboys and so forth were supposed to be when you went out west? 166: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 The lone star state # 166: What? Interviewer: They call it the lone star state. 166: Lone lone star Interviewer: Yeah. Eh Uh Texas is the one I wanted you to say. Texas. 166: Texas. Interviewer: Right you know that's the one they say where the the cowboys and so forth are. You didn't go through there when you 166: No. Interviewer: {X} 166: No we didn't go through {D: Let's see} where that place up by where that {D: manor.} Oh I can't think of it. No it wasn't Texas though I don't think. Interviewer: Uh what about uh up around Tulsa Tulsa Did you say you went to Oklahoma? 166: Yes that's what I said Oklahoma. Interviewer: Oklahoma. And okay up east uh all of the states around Maine and Connecticut and in there are called the 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They're # 166: Maine. Interviewer: Yeah and uh uh Massa- 166: #1 Massachusetts # Interviewer: #2 Massachusetts. # How's that? 166: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Okay and they're all called the 166: Kinda choked up I can't talk. Interviewer: Yeah well uh all those states up east in general are called the New England states. 166: Nebraska now I've got a daughter in Nebraska. Interviewer: Is that right. 166: Omaha, Nebraska Interviewer: Okay and then here are some cities that I I need to have you pronounce. Uh in Maryland the biggest city is called Balt- there's a 166: #1 Called Baltimore. # Interviewer: #2 cape. # Uh-huh and the capital of where they make all the laws and everything is where the president is and all that business. The government is in Wa- 166: Washington. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: #1 My daughter has to # Interviewer: #2 And # 166: call too. Interviewer: Is that right? And oh that's right in her job. 166: She's a {X} she has ten states. Interviewer: Right. 166: She's a {X} to 'em. She was transported down Nebraska. Omaha. {X} and she's got ten states. She's got Interviewer: She probably has to uh 166: {D: parked} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. She flies probably a good bit. 166: Yeah. They called expenses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay and uh Washington there's Washington state that's way out of course way out west but when you're not talking about Washington state you might say well no she's in Washington. 166: State. Interviewer: Yeah, but the one not Washington state the one where the capital is you say Washington D. 166: Georgia. Interviewer: D.C. #1 You say D.C. # 166: #2 {D: D.C.} # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay and in Missouri the biggest city in it supposed to have a real famous blues song named for it. St. Louis. 166: #1 Saint # Interviewer: #2 Saint # 166: #1 I can't # Interviewer: #2 How # 166: {X} #1 I don't know what # Interviewer: #2 St. Louis # 166: {X} St. Louis I saw St. Louis that's what Interviewer: #1 And uh # 166: #2 {D: I thought} # Interviewer: In in South Carolina the uh the big ol' historical seaport that was named for a king of England Charles. Charleston. 166: Charleston. Interviewer: And in Alabama what uh what's uh 166: Birmingham. Interviewer: And uh what what's another town in Alabama maybe. M- 166: #1 {D: Norton Alabama} # Interviewer: #2 Mon- # Yes and. 166: That right? Interviewer: Uh I think that's one and Montgomery. 166: Yeah. Interviewer: How do you say that one. 166: Montgomery. Interviewer: Okay and uh. The one down on the gulf is called Mobile. 166: Mobile, Alabama. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh up in North Carolina some of the towns up there one way up in the mountains. A big resort city in western part of North Carolina. Ash Asheville. 166: What? Interviewer: Asheville. 166: Asheville. Interviewer: Or Asheville. 166: Ashy. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 {D: Way I} # What I call it. I don't know it's right or not. Interviewer: Okay. 166: #1 {D: Asheville} # Interviewer: #2 And that's fine. # And in uh Tennessee what are some of the towns up in there? Chatta- Chattanooga. 166: {X} Interviewer: Chattanooga. Do you 166: Chattanooga, Tennessee yeah. Interviewer: How do you say that? 166: Chattanooga. Interviewer: Okay and Knox- 166: Knoxville. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 166: #2 Knoxville Tennessee. # Interviewer: Okay and uh then there's too there's Mem- 166: #1 {D: Tennessee.} # Interviewer: #2 Mem- # Memphis. Memphis. 166: #1 Memphis Memphis. # Interviewer: #2 Nother one in Tennessee. # 166: #1 M-E-N something. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Right. And uh of course the capital of Georgia is The capital of our state is At- Atlanta. 166: Yeah. I started to say Atlanta. Interviewer: Yeah and then the one down toward the south that's a seaport in Georgia S- Savannah. 166: {X} Georgia. Interviewer: Savannah. 166: Savannah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You been down that way? 166: Yeah I've been through Savannah Interviewer: Yeah it's a pretty town. 166: Nine years ago. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay and then uh what's the biggest town uh besides Americus around here what's the next good sized town you might go to. #1 Not all the way # 166: #2 Atlanta. # Interviewer: Atlanta. but but not that far north. Might go to S- mm 166: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you where do you go to the doctor? Here? 166: The doctor down {X} Interviewer: uh-huh. Uh what about Macon. 166: Well I've been to #1 Macon # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # how far is that? 166: really I can't tell you. Interviewer: Well 166: #1 I'd say about ninety miles. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Sixty} # Is it that far 166: Something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh. 166: Just guessing at it. Interviewer: uh. 166: I don't {x} Atlanta's a hundred and thirty-one. Interviewer: Yeah. 166: That's on the other side of town. {X} Interviewer: Right. How do you go you go up nineteen? 166: We go up the old old road. Interviewer: {D: The Thomaston} 166: {X} Yeah through {D: Thompson Creek} Interviewer: Okay and uh then fort Benning is near what town in 166: #1 Columbus. # Interviewer: #2 Georgia. # 166: {D: I can answer that} Interviewer: Right. And uh over in New Orleans the biggest city in in uh {X} Uh the city known for the Mardi Gras then that I just said is Uh. New Or 166: New Orleans. Interviewer: And uh the capital of Louisiana is uh Baton Baton Rouge or Baton Rouge how do you call that? 166: {D: Bacon.} Baton. B-A-T I believe Interviewer: Yeah how do you say it. 166: {X} How you spell that R-O-U-N-G Interviewer: R-U-G-E I believe how do you pronounce it around here do you reckon? 166: {D: I've never said that} Interviewer: #1 Don't pronounce it okay. # 166: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Uh # 166: #2 We should go back to the # Lousy Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 166: #2 chickens! # Interviewer: Okay well there's one more of these and we'll be back with them. Um the biggest city in Southern Ohio is just across the river from Kentucky there Cinca- Cincinnati. 166: What? Interviewer: The the biggest city in southern Ohio is Cincinnati. 166: #1 Mm. Cincinnati. C-I-N-C # Interviewer: #2 How do you say that? # Can you say Cincinnati? How? 166: Cincinnati. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the biggest city in Kentucky is Louis 166: Louisville {C: pronounced like Lewis-ville} Interviewer: Oh how do you say it? 166: L-O-U-S-V-I double L Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 E I believe # Interviewer: Okay. You you call it how? 166: Loosen Loose {C: stuttering} #1 Louisville. # Interviewer: #2 Louisville. # okay okay. And uh oh uh and how far is it from uh from here to say {D: Ellaville} up there. 166: {D: Fifteen} miles. Interviewer: Ah ah 166: I answer that because you see the signs Interviewer: Sure. 166: {D: Fifteen} miles from I reckon it's from the heart of town. Interviewer: Right and if uh if someone asks you to go with them say up to {D: Ellaville} you're not sure whether you want to go you might say oh I don't know How would you tell them that if he asks you to go 166: #1 I'd try to show 'em # Interviewer: #2 with him # Yeah. What if he invites if somebody say your neighbor invites you to go with them and you're not really sure that you want to go you might say oh I don't know 166: It's too far. Interviewer: Okay. Or you might would you be more likely to say I don't know uh if I want to go or I don't know whether or not I want to go Which of those would you probably be more likely to say. 166: I don't know what I want to go Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 or not. # Interviewer: And uh if you had 166: #1 I'm choked up # Interviewer: #2 And # 166: #1 this morning # Interviewer: #2 {D: Yeah} # 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # bothering you we can stop. Much more to do this time though but we can stop for a little while any time you want to. 166: Well I want to get through with it. Interviewer: Okay and if you have a very sick friend and he's not likely to get any better you might #1 say # 166: #2 Say better off. # Interviewer: Okay it it seems 166: Pass on that's what I said about this fella yesterday. He had tumor in his brains had cancer of the brains. They operated on him and he lived ever since {D: August I believe} {D: Died} I believe Saturday morning. {X} Interviewer: Yeah that's terrible. 166: Is this {D: okay what I'm saying} Interviewer: No ma'am that's fine. Uh if uh if somebody asks you how he's getting along you might say well it seems like that uh that he won't pull through or it seems as though or seems as if how would you say that? 166: Drag around I reckon. Interviewer: Alright. 166: That's what I'm doing. Interviewer: {NW} 166: Feel good {X} sometimes then again I don't feel like nothing. Interviewer: Sure. And if uh if someone invites you to go somewhere and uh you want uh you say well if they invite you to go by yourself but uh you uh you want someone to go with you you might say well I won't to go unless she goes or uh without she goes how would you say that? I won't go 166: Unless she goes. Interviewer: Alright. And uh if uh one of the children one of your grandchildren were supposed to help you with the dishes and um and uh if she didn't help you maybe the child went off to play you might say oh she went off playing 166: She ought to help me with dishes Interviewer: Okay would you say in instead of 166: Playing Interviewer: Okay how would you say that. She went off playing instead of 166: Helping me. Interviewer: Okay say the whole thing for me. 166: #1 She went off to play # Interviewer: #2 She went off # Mm. 166: Instead of helping me. Interviewer: Okay. And if a man is funny and you like him you might say uh he's clever he says funny things 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You might say I like him. # 166: Say he's friendly. Interviewer: Okay and uh what are what's the name of the biggest church. Which is the biggest church here in town. 166: Well it {X} goes in between the First Baptist and the First Methodist. But I believe it's the first Methodist Interviewer: Okay. And if two people become members of the church you'd say well Sunday they 166: Join the church. Interviewer: And uh in church you pray to 166: God. Interviewer: And uh if uh if you heard somebody who talked ugly uh used god's name uh how how would they be likely to say it uh if you heard somebody using it saying you know like you are praying might use it uh in in an uglier way 166: I say that {D: get ugly} Interviewer: Alright okay. 166: #1 {D: And there's that preachers} # Interviewer: #2 And # 166: You know a lot of time you talk about preachers. And they're not right. Interviewer: Mm. 166: {X} The same thing the preacher brings up they don't want to {D: hear it, they don't like it} Interviewer: Sure. Okay and you say uh well I enjoy being in church the preacher uh preached a 166: Good sermon. Interviewer: And {X} might say uh I uh I go to church to hear the sermon another one say well I don't care anything about the sermon I go to hear the 166: Music. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say if you really enjoyed it you might say oh that music is 166: So good. Interviewer: Okay and uh uh it was just beaut- 166: Beautiful. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you had uh say you were going to church and somebody came in and interrupted you and then you hurry on out and you say well I've got to really hurry church will be over 166: Be over before I get there. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and uh the opposite of God is called #1 the # 166: #2 Devil. # Interviewer: How's that? 166: Devil. Interviewer: And uh what are some of the things that people used to talk about they were frightened of that were not real you know uh they might see at night around a graveyard or old house. What'd they say I don't want to go around there there might be some 166: What do you call those? Anyway I know we had niggers on the {D: right porch} getting scared of the light in the cemetery next to us. Scared I'd say. Interviewer: Sure and what are the things that they're scared of what are they called? 166: Ghosts. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word you remember for ghost they that might've said? 166: No I don't. Interviewer: Okay. And if a house is supposed to have ghosts in it you say don't go near that it's a 166: Ghosted house. Interviewer: Okay or did you ever hear haunted or haunted. 166: haunted Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay and uh if if um if you tell somebody that the weather's changing and it's getting say a little bit cold you might say better put a sweater on it's getting 166: Getting cold. Interviewer: Okay it's getting uh uh a little bit uh 166: Chilly. Interviewer: Alright rather would you say rather. Rather chilly would you ever say getting rather chilly? Or a little bit chilly? 166: Little little bit chilly. Interviewer: Okay and if um if someone uh wants you to go and you say well uh but you have a choice you say well thank you I'd 166: Can't go Interviewer: Alright would you ever say would you feel like saying I'd rather not go? 166: No I never have said that to anybody I don't believe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 166: #1 I just say I can't go # Interviewer: #2 you don't use your # Okay. uh would you uh 166: like to go Interviewer: Okay 166: But I can't Interviewer: Alright but do you ever hear anybody say uh I'd rather I'd rather not around here 166: Rather not Interviewer: Oh how's that 166: Rather not. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if uh a friend comes in and you haven't seen them for a long time what do you say to 'em how would you tell 'em about about feeling about seeing them. You might say 166: Glad to see you. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and you were wanting to say it even more than just I'm glad to see you just 166: Mm-hmm generally hug most of 'em. Interviewer: Okay a hug. Might say I'm I'm awfully 166: #1 Glad to see ya. # Interviewer: #2 glad. # Or I'm very Would you ever say I'm right proud to see you? 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Proud. # 166: I always say I'm glad to see ya. Interviewer: You ever hear anybody say I'm proud to see you. 166: Yeah. Interviewer: They say that around here. 166: Proud to see you. Interviewer: Okay. And if a man out in the country owns say four or five hundred acres of land how would you uh say he owns uh how much land would that be if you were telling 166: #1 Five hundred # Interviewer: #2 somebody. # Okay but if you're not if you don't know exactly but you went to tell him it's a whole lot how would you say that? He owns a 166: Lot of land. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what about you ever hear anybody say your right smart of land. 166: Yeah right smart of land. Interviewer: #1 Yeah they say that # 166: #2 {D: that's wild land} # Interviewer: okay and uh if somebody asks you something and uh uh you want to say you're more emphatic than just to say yes you might say well 166: no. Interviewer: Uh if you want to mean yes indeed you'd say why certainly why of course 166: Of course I Interviewer: Okay Uh if somebody asks you if uh if you could uh bake a certain cake uh you would say probably why 166: No I can't Interviewer: Well {NW} if you could 166: {X} {D: thirty years.} Interviewer: Oh really alright well let's say if you could cook some vegetables in a certain way then you might say well I 166: Cook them. Interviewer: Okay I sure or I sure can. No just 166: yeah I can cook vegetables. Interviewer: Okay you sure 166: #1 I'm sure # Interviewer: #2 that # 166: I can cook vegetables. Interviewer: Okay. 166: That's about all I don't. Ever since Stewart left and nobody but me and Adam passed away I don't ever cook nothing {X} My daughter keeps me {X} Interviewer: Sure. 166: She brought me {X} Saturday night to do me all this week. Interviewer: Yes. 166: Whole week {X} Interviewer: {NW} 166: {D: Corn stuff} Cake and everything else so I don't have to cook nothing Interviewer: #1 That's good. # 166: #2 It's all her. # Interviewer: That's good. 166: She does it every time she comes. She knows I'm not going to cook. I hate it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh if someone disliked to go somewhere very much you might say well he dreaded the place he would you be likely to say he purely dreaded it or he just dreaded it or 166: I just say he purely dread it. Interviewer: Would you say pure okay and if it's a little bit it was not just a little bit cold it was extremely cold you might say oh this morning it was 166: Cold. Interviewer: Okay but little more than that 166: #1 Hot # Interviewer: #2 it was # 166: Hot or cold. Interviewer: uh well it's cold it's bad but it's just worse than cold it's just freezing how would you say 166: Freezing. Interviewer: Okay uh would you say real cold? 166: #1 Yeah real cold. # Interviewer: #2 Oh okay. # And uh oh if you're surprised about something you might say oh 166: I'm surprised at that. Interviewer: okay do you ever say land sakes or for goodness 166: #1 For goodness sake. # Interviewer: #2 sakes # 166: Yeah I say that. Interviewer: Okay. And if you do something that you're a little bit annoyed with yourself about doing would you say oh 166: I don't know whether to do it or not. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever say shucks? 166: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Shucks. # 166: #2 Shucks. # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: And if something uh shocking is surprising somebody says that you did you might why the very I 166: Idea. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh and uh if you see somebody that you haven't seen for a few days and you want to ask 'em about their health how would you say that? 166: How you get along? Interviewer: Okay. And if it's a stranger when you're introduced to them if somebody says ah Miss {B} this is Mrs. Jones how would you {X} 166: Glad to meet you. Interviewer: Okay. And if you've enjoyed somebody's visit when they're getting ready to leave you would say come 166: Come back. Interviewer: And uh at uh bout uh what do you say to somebody when you meet them on the around Christmas you might say You meet somebody on the twenty-fifth of December you might say Merry 166: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: And 166: #1 That's the day # Interviewer: #2 uh # 166: my sister died. Interviewer: Is that right. 166: #1 Can't say that # Interviewer: #2 And on the first. # 166: then. Interviewer: That's right. Uh what would you say on the first day of January. 166: New Year. Interviewer: Okay {D: would you} say Hap- 166: Happy New Year. Interviewer: And if uh if somebody does something for you and you wanna say thank you uh and you 166: Sure appreciate it. Interviewer: Okay. I much You ever say much uh Much obliged. 166: Much obliged. Interviewer: #1 Much obliged. # 166: #2 and thank you. # Interviewer: Okay. And if you're not sure whether you'll have time to do something you might say well I 166: in a hurry. Interviewer: Okay but I believe that I'll I'll have time you want to tell me that you think you can do it. You might say I think I'll 166: Do it. Interviewer: Okay. That you'll I'll have time. Would you be more likely to say I think I will, I guess I will, or I reckon I will? 166: I guess I will. {X} Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you have to go downtown to buy some things you'd say I have to go downtown to 166: Get my groceries. Interviewer: okay to do some. 166: Trading, shopping. Interviewer: Okay you use both trading and shopping. 166: Trading or shopping either one I think would do wouldn't it. Interviewer: Sure which one do you reckon you'd be most likely to say. 166: I'd say get groceries. Interviewer: Okay and if you buy make a purchase at a store and the storekeeper took a piece of paper you'd say he uh 166: folded it up. Interviewer: Okay or he wrap 166: wrapped it up. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 166: #2 or put it in a sack. # Interviewer: And when I got home I 'un- 166: Undone it. Interviewer: Okay And uh uh or unwrapped it. 166: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: Okay. And if you if a man has a store and he has to sell something for less than he paid for it he would say why I had to sell it at 166: Cost Interviewer: Okay or if it were than cost he might say I had to. He didn't even get the money that he put in it I had to sell that at a 166: {D: loss} Interviewer: Okay and if you uh admire something but you really don't have enough money to buy it. You might say well I like it but it. 166: Too high. Interviewer: Okay or it co- 166: What Interviewer: It costs too much. 166: Costs too much. Interviewer: And uh on the first of the month the uh the electricity bill is 166: Yeah that's coming in today I reckon. Interviewer: Yes and what generally say well on the tenth it's d- 166: Due. Interviewer: Okay and if you belong to a club you have to pay the 166: Due dues Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you don't have much money you may go to a bank and say I need to 166: {D: borrow} borrow some money. Interviewer: And if the banker is is refusing a loan to someone he might say well now I would be glad to lend it to you but right now money is real 166: Scarce. Interviewer: And uh if somebody were going to go swimming you might say well he ran and 166: Dived. Interviewer: and uh uh if you were sitting watching them you might say well this afternoon thirty people have 166: Been swimming. Interviewer: Mm-hmm have jumped into #1 the water. # 166: #2 Dived. # Interviewer: Okay. and uh do you know what the kids would call it if they uh dive in and hit the water flat 166: No I don't know that. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called uh heard it called uh uh belly flop 166: #1 No I never # Interviewer: #2 or # 166: have heard Interviewer: #1 Okay okay. # 166: #2 that. # Interviewer: Uh and if children put their heads down and kick their feet up and go over his head you say he turns a 166: Turn over. Interviewer: Okay. What about a somersault or somerset. 166: Somerset they used to call it. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Turned a somerset. Interviewer: Okay and if somebody wants to go across the river he he dived in and then he 166: Swims across. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say yesterday he Yesterday he across the river. 166: Swimmed across the river. Interviewer: Okay how's that. 166: Swimmed. Interviewer: Alright. And uh you might say well uh the children like to swim in the big creek but I have never 166: Been in it. Interviewer: Okay or never s- 166: Never wanted them to. Interviewer: Okay or I've never s- there 166: I never have swammed at all Interviewer: Okay And uh if do you remember way back a long time ago maybe when uh maybe people had bought their groceries a lot on credit and then at the end of the year they'd pay their bill. Do you ever remember a store keeper giving them any kind of little present. 166: Yes I do. Interviewer: #1 What what would they # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: call it? Do they have a word for that? 166: Well they give out I know my sister they give her ham, big store that she traded at #1 every year. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh. # Uh do they just say 166: Just buying regular groceries. Now I don't think they do it but just specials. Interviewer: #1 Sure. Sure. # 166: #2 {D: I have heard that} # Interviewer: Well they don't have a word they use you just say a bonus or just a little present. 166: Yeah bonus. Interviewer: Okay and if someone's uh swimming and didn't get out you might say well he got in the water. He got 166: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh 166: We have {D: had that happen around here} Interviewer: Is that right. A lot of people have 166: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what does a baby do before it can walk it 166: Crawl. Interviewer: And uh if you if the child see something up in a tree and he wanted to get it he would have to go up in the tree. 166: {D: cut that tree down} Interviewer: Okay you say well you'll have to 166: Put it down. Interviewer: Okay Um and if there was a a mountain and uh 166: Like Stone Mountain Interviewer: Right and a lot of people go up there and do what Cl- 166: They go up to the top of it but I don't know what they do. Interviewer: Well uh i- i- in going up there how do they #1 say that # 166: #2 Have to climb # Used to have to climb up. Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say well last year several people 166: Got killed. Interviewer: Uh-huh and if um 166: You getting tired {X} Interviewer: No this is it's fine it's good because of where we have the microphone. I'm very comfortable. Uh if you were telling somebody uh last week my neighbor went up to Stone Mountain and 166: Went up to the top. Interviewer: Or cl- Cli- 166: {X} Interviewer: Climbed. 166: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Would you say it. 166: Uh climbed it. Interviewer: Climbed it. 166: Climb climbed it. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Climbed up there. Interviewer: But I've never in my whole life I've never cli- 166: Done it. Yes I have Interviewer: Yes? 166: Yes I have. Interviewer: Stone Mountain? 166: Stone Mountain. Interviewer: Is that right. 166: {NW} We started at the bottom and went up to top. Bunch of us. Interviewer: Sure. 166: {X} someone toted the baby I think my husband tote the baby up there Right to the edge and looked down. Interviewer: Yeah. I've never been up there. I've driven past it several times 166: It changed it's been years and years of changing I don't know anything about it now but I sure we sure used to climb it. It was a bad climb too. Interviewer: I'm sure. 166: We was determined to do it. Interviewer: {NW} Okay and if there's a low hedge or something and a man wants to hide behind it how would you describe the way he does to get #1 down there. # 166: #2 Squat down. # Interviewer: How? 166: Squat #1 down. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And uh if uh someone goes up to the altar at the church and gets on her knees you say she 166: Joining {X} Interviewer: #1 Yeah but how # 166: #2 {X} # Interviewer: how would you describe just going down on her knees you's say she went up to the altar and bowed. 166: Mm what do you call that I know Interviewer: #1 To kneel.No. # 166: #2 they don't do it at our church and # Interviewer: #1 To kneel. # 166: #2 What they do. # Interviewer: #1 Okay and # 166: #2 Kneel uh-huh. # Interviewer: if you say she did that you'd say she went up to the altar and 166: Kneeled down. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh if you're tired you might say I'm going over to in bed. I'm going to 166: Going to bed. Interviewer: Okay but to how would you say to 166: Going to rest. Interviewer: Okay to lie down. I'm going up to lay down in bed. 166: Lie down and rest a while. Interviewer: Okay. 166: And I sure have that to do. Interviewer: Yes. Well if somebody uh is just a little bit lazy you might say well he 166: #1 So lazy. # Interviewer: #2 in bed # Okay all morning he 166: Don't do nothing. Interviewer: Okay he he stayed in bed all morning he what 166: {D: got that right here under me} Interviewer: {NW} 166: Woman down here {D: well a lady} her and her husband separated and her boy don't do a thing well {X} he shot himself one time in the bed been sorry ever since. Just just won't do nothing she's a widow {X} her and her husband separated so she {D: have to tie him} Interviewer: Okay and talking about him you'd say he just laid in bed or 166: Just lay in bed. Interviewer: How 166: Lies in the bed. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you're talking about something about that while you were asleep it seemed like you saw you might say this is what I 166: Dreamed. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say I can't always remember what I 166: Said. Interviewer: Okay or 166: What I dreamed. Interviewer: Uh-huh and if uh you say well I dreamed so and so and then all of a sudden I 166: Woke up. Interviewer: And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor like this you say you do what 166: {D: Got up} Interviewer: Yeah but if you you know if you do this with your foot or somebody does like that you say what is that gesture. You say well he his foot on the floor. He 166: Heavy. Interviewer: Okay would you say he's stomped or he stamped or what 166: {NW} Stomped I'd say. Interviewer: Okay and if uh if a man say meets a girl at a dance and he wants to go home with her he might say may I 166: Go take you home. Interviewer: Okay. And uh do they ever say carry you home around here? 166: Yeah they say I care {X} I'll carry you home I'll take you home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 166: Take you home though is most #1 popular. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 166: Course I don't. I'm not out. {NW} Interviewer: Sure. 166: I just know what they're young people says so. Interviewer: Okay and if you've got uh a heavy bag in {X} yard you want to get it up to the porch you got to 166: Drag it up Interviewer: Okay and uh if you had a uh one car that wouldn't run and they put a rope on it and put it behind another car you say they're going to 166: Drag it. Interviewer: Or 166: Pull it. Interviewer: Okay and if your car is stuck in the mud or the snow you might ask somebody in his car behind you to give you a 166: Pull it out. Interviewer: Okay if he's behind you ask if you 166: Push. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you're carrying a very heavy distance a long way you might say I carried it or I you said it the other day your husband you said just a few minutes ago your husband would tote the child. 166: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You would say both to carry something and to tote it 166: Say what? Interviewer: Do you {NW} likely to say he carried it or he toted it either one. 166: I say either one of 'em. Toted or carried it. Interviewer: #1 Okay you hear both of 'em around here? # 166: #2 One either one. # #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 People. # And if somebody comes in the house and start playing around here and you're afraid something's going to get broken you might say don't you 166: Don't do that. Interviewer: Okay or don't 166: Don't touch it. Interviewer: Okay 166: #1 Cause I've got that # Interviewer: #2 And # 166: right here with these pictures. Interviewer: I'm sure so that must be very enticing. 166: I got child {D: back here she loves me and everything} she comes over here and she {D: gets 'em} she don't tear 'em up but I'm I just stay uneasy you know #1 that she will. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # Sure. Okay if you need a hammer you would say to me go 166: Get the hammer. Interviewer: Okay uh uh and if children are playing a game and there's a tree that they go back to all the time where they're safe what do they call that? the in in children's games or in basketball they throw a ball through the 166: It's called hit the tree. Interviewer: Uh-huh or uh what about in tag game. If children are playing tag they run back to 166: The place. Interviewer: Where they're safe. 166: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did that called that uh base or 166: #1 Yeah base. # Interviewer: #2 goal. # Okay. 166: Ball game. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Going back to the base Interviewer: Uh when you were little what other kinds of outdoor games did you play, do you remember? 166: When I was growing up? {D: Can can can do} and dropping the handkerchief. Things like that. Interviewer: What was the first one? 166: {D: Can can can do} I don't know how you spell it but we used to play it all the time. Interviewer: And what was that? 166: Dropping the handkerchief too Interviewer: #1 And how did you play that first one # 166: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Can can can 166: {D: Can can can do} Interviewer: How'd you play it? What was that 166: We dropped drops drop a handkerchief you know and go round and round and drop it round somebody else and we'd run you know Interviewer: Yeah 166: and let that next one pick it up Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 166: #2 We get back around # Interviewer: Okay. And if you throw a ball you ask somebody to 166: Catch it. Interviewer: You'd say I threw him the ball and he 166: Caught it Interviewer: And uh you might say I've been fishing for trout but I haven't 166: Caught anything Interviewer: And uh if you say to somebody let's meet in town if I get there first I'll 166: Save you a place. Interviewer: Okay. Or I'll wait 166: Wait for you Interviewer: And if you uh if somebody works for you maybe does something in the yard he's really lazy and you decide well you're just not going to have him and anymore you discharge him. He might come back to you and say well me give another 166: {D: Dime} Interviewer: Okay and if he wants to work again he might say well I'll do better. Give me another 166: Raise Interviewer: Okay or just just another chance. 166: Chance yes chance you're right. Interviewer: Okay and if a man is in a good mood if he's very happy you might say he's really in a good 166: In a good spirit. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you ever use humor or humor. 166: #1 In a good humor {C: stumbles over last word} # Interviewer: #2 He's in a # 166: Humor. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 He's in a good humor. # I don't how you spell it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you have a hired man who just keeps loping all the time and you decide you're just not going to keep him anymore you might tell a friend well I think I'm going to 166: Let him go. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you ever say get to rid of him 166: Get rid of him. Interviewer: Okay. Um And if you're in school and somebody took your pencil you might say who 166: Got it. Interviewer: Okay uh have you got another word for to to to take it like that to who swiped it or who 166: You can say who swiped it. Interviewer: Okay And uh and if you're recalling something you say oh I'd forgotten about that but now I 166: Call. Interviewer: How what. 166: Call. Now I call. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you're you're uh talking about something that happened a long time ago with someone you might they're recalling a thing might say well you must have a better memory than I do because I sure don't 166: I don't remember it. Interviewer: Right. And uh if you uh have a friend that you keep in touch with by mail you might say well just yesterday I have 166: Letter Interviewer: Okay and uh uh I'm going to 166: Answer it Interviewer: Okay I'm going to write I'm going to Uh Yesterday he wrote he 166: Wrote to me Interviewer: And tomorrow I'm going to 166: Answer it Interviewer: Okay or uh 166: Write back. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say well every week I have her letter 166: Her letter Interviewer: Okay and you send one to her 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You say I have # 166: I Interviewer: I have 166: {D: pester to} answer it. Interviewer: Okay every week I 166: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 166: My daughter's every week and they give me every week so. Interviewer: Well that's good. 166: I've got to answer it. I have certain times to write. Interviewer: Sure. Uh and if you write a letter then you expect to get an 166: another one. Interviewer: Okay an answer. 166: Answer. Interviewer: Uh and all the you put the letter in the envelope and then you take your pen and put the #1 name # 166: #2 address it. # Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 put a stamp on it. # Interviewer: And uh if you don't know somebody's street and city you might say well now do you know what his is his uh 166: What was the question? Interviewer: Uh if you wanna write to someone but you don't know #1 the street # 166: #2 Address. # Interviewer: Okay. And if little boy's learn to whistle maybe you didn't know he could do this you might say well who 166: Who learned you that. Interviewer: Okay 166: Taught you that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if you're getting ready to go say you're going to visit uh uh your daughter you might say well right now we're 166: #1 Getting ready. # Interviewer: #2 next week # 166: #1 Packing # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Okay And uh what do children call another child who always goes and tells 166: Tattle-tale. Interviewer: And if you want a bouquet of flowers for the dinner table you'd go out in the garden #1 and # 166: #2 pick 'em # Interviewer: How's that? 166: Pick 'em. Interviewer: And uh something that a child would play with is a 166: Ball. Interviewer: Okay or just different kinds of 'em go get a if not just a ball it might be a game or a doll or anything. If he's bothering you you wanna say go on and play with your 166: Doll. Interviewer: Okay. Or your toys. 166: Yeah. Interviewer: You ever say play pretty. For toys. No? 166: What? Interviewer: Play pretty. 166: Yeah go play with your play pretty. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if something happened that you expected or that you were afraid was going to happen you might say I was gonna happen 166: #1 I knew it was gonna happen # Interviewer: #2 I just # Okay and uh if uh uh you might say oh that's the book that you 166: Keep pictures in. Interviewer: Uh-huh and if someone gives one to you might say well that's the book that she 166: Gave me Interviewer: And uh then if you're going to hand it back to her you say here I'll {NW} 166: Keep it Interviewer: Alright but you're gonna give it to her. You say I'll give it 166: Give it back to me. Interviewer: Okay uh and then talking about might say well you have so many books. You have 166: A lot of books. Interviewer: Give Would you say 166: #1 give # Interviewer: #2 give # 166: give a lot of books. Interviewer: Okay and uh if uh you pick up your umbrella and uh take it with you and then you say well I'm really glad I brought this umbrella because we haven't gone half a block when it 166: Goes to raining. Interviewer: Okay uh would you say uh uh begins to rain. 166: Begins to rain. Interviewer: okay. 166: You say that. Interviewer: And we were we went we had just gone downtown and it began 166: Poured. Interviewer: Okay. It started to rain. You'd say 166: Hard. Interviewer: Uh it began or 166: Wouldn't think say began. Interviewer: Okay. And everyday when we go downtown it seems like it 166: You have a parasol. Interviewer: Okay and if you're going to see a program you might ask somebody what time does the show 166: Comes on. Interviewer: Okay. And the usher might tell you that well it ten fifteen minutes ago it's already 166: Started. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and uh if you're hurrying around somebody says why are you out of breath and you might say well I was feeling good and I all the way home I didn't walk you went faster than that I 166: Mm-hmm. Walk fast. Interviewer: Well more than that just this way. 166: In a whirly burly I'd call it Interviewer: Okay. And if children are out playing they go hurrying around the house you might say look-y look at the children 166: Playing. Interviewer: And run 166: Run. Interviewer: Okay and uh then you might say uh well everyday those children come past here they have r- 166: They run. Interviewer: Everyday and yesterday they a mile. 166: {D: Yeah} They race bicycles or ride bicycles when they go by here now. Interviewer: That's right okay but if they weren't on a bicycle you might say well they. If somebody says where are the children you might say oh they r- up #1 the street. # 166: #2 Running up the street. # Interviewer: How. 166: Running up the street. Interviewer: Okay and yesterday they 166: #1 Played up the street. # Interviewer: #2 up the street. # 166: #1 Played # Interviewer: #2 Use that same word run # Yesterday they r- 166: Ran. Interviewer: Okay they ran up the street. If you didn't know where a man was born you might ask somebody and say where does he 166: Live. Interviewer: Okay and if you wanna find out where he was born. He's not from around here is he, where did he 166: {D: Years.} Interviewer: Come come from would you say? You want to know where 166: Yeah wonder wonder where he come from Interviewer: Okay And if you wanna if wanna if you say well uh he got here on the train last night uh he 166: He got left. Interviewer: Okay and uh uh someone says when did come you would say well she Sunday she 166: She come Saturday night. Interviewer: Okay and if you're talking about uh how often she comes you might say well she has every Sunday for ever she 166: Comes by once a week or once a month or once every two months Interviewer: #1 Okay # 166: #2 sometime. # Interviewer: {NW} 166: {D: I'm} so far away my closest one in Atlanta she's one down here the other day. Interviewer: Okay. 166: {D: Lee} come bout every two months. Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} And uh if you say if someone says when did you see your neighbor across the street you might say oh I 166: Just saw 'em. Interviewer: Okay and I have every morning I have s- 166: I've seen 'em. Interviewer: Okay 166: Don't now though because all them in the hospital. Interviewer: Oh yeah. That's something. 166: Two of 'em gonna be operated on this moment. Man and his wife both of 'em same time. Interviewer: And if the you uh if you wanna tell somebody now don't go by that road the highway department's got their machines in there and the road's all 166: Rough. Interviewer: #1 okay. # 166: #2 Tore up. # Interviewer: If you give somebody a bracelet and you want them to to you know wanna see how it looks on 'em you might say why don't you 166: Fix it. Interviewer: Uh-huh but 166: Fix it. Put it on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if you're asking uh uh if you're able to do something you'd say well can you 166: Do that. Interviewer: And you might say well sure I all my life. 166: All my life. Interviewer: I've what? 166: I've done it all my life. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you're sitting with somebody and you weren't saying anything and he turns around and says what did you say you'd say well I didn't 166: {D: Like} I'm asking you I didn't say nothing. Interviewer: Okay and uh he might say oh I thought you said 166: {NW} so and so. Interviewer: Okay I thought you said some something. 166: Yeah. Interviewer: How's that? 166: Thought you said something. Interviewer: Okay and uh uh you might if somebody tells you something that just really is scandalous then you might say oh I've never heard of 166: #1 That. # Interviewer: #2 That. # I've never heard 166: Heard of that. Interviewer: Okay. Uh 166: {X} #1 {D: can't stand 'em} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # If uh if uh if you if somebody asks you how long have you lived in Georgia you might say why I 166: All my life. Interviewer: I've what? 166: All my life. Interviewer: I've li- 166: Was borned in Macon. Interviewer: Okay and I've lived here uh always? 166: Uh-huh come here when I was a baby. Interviewer: Mm-k lived here all 166: All my life. Interviewer: Always say always. 166: Always. Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say well uh talking about horses I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever 166: Since. Interviewer: And uh if somebody children were having a problem one of 'em might come around you and say he hurt me it wasn't an accident he did it 166: On purpose. Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh you might uh say well I don't really know about that you'd better 166: Watch out. Interviewer: Okay and and if somebody wants to to ask a question and you say well I don't really know about that you better 166: Ask her. Interviewer: Okay 166: Or somebody else. Interviewer: And so you uh you ask him and he says why you've 166: You seen it? Interviewer: You've a- ask how would you say if if you want to tell him he's asked you that question so many times 166: Several times. Interviewer: Yeah say you've asked say that for me you that 166: You've asked that question several times. Interviewer: Okay and talking about children again every time they get together they have trouble you might say every time they meet they 166: Gone fight. Interviewer: Okay and yesterday they 166: Had. Interviewer: they 166: fought. Interviewer: Okay. and uh those children ever since they small they were small they have 166: Fussed. Interviewer: Okay and 166: Fought. Interviewer: Okay and if someone injures someone else with a with a big knife you might say he 166: Cut him. Interviewer: Okay or if he just went {D: flashed him} 166: Punched him. Interviewer: Okay or s- 166: {X} Interviewer: Uh okay but would you say stabbed? 166: Yeah stabbed that's it. Interviewer: Okay and then if he took the right back out you'd say he 166: Pulled it out. Interviewer: Okay or uh uh if a child puts a there's a funny picture on the blackboard and the teacher might say now who 166: Done that. Interviewer: Okay or who 166: Who drew that. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have something like a piece of machinery up on a roof and you use a pulley and a rope to get it up there how would you say they do that? To hau- 166: Hauled it up there. Interviewer: Or hoist. 166: Hoist it up there. Interviewer: Do you ever use that, hoist? 166: #1 No I mean # Interviewer: #2 What's hoist # 166: No I haven't I don't know anything about it. Interviewer: Okay. Um there's just a few over that {X} Uh I need to have you uh Miss {B} say the numbers for me to begin with up to about fifteen. 166: What numbers? Interviewer: Just like you know 166: #1 One two # Interviewer: #2 Your clock. # 166: #1 One two three # Interviewer: #2 Yes # 166: four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the number after nineteen is 166: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six is 166: twenty-seven. Interviewer: And two times ten is 166: Forty. #1 Two time ten is # Interviewer: #2 Oh uh # 166: Twenty Interviewer: Okay and three times nine 166: Three nine is twenty-seven. Interviewer: Okay and after uh twenty-nine is 166: twenty-seven twenty-eight Interviewer: #1 and then # 166: #2 twenty # twenty-eight Interviewer: And then after twenty-nine is 166: Thirty. Interviewer: And then after thirty-nine is 166: Forty. Interviewer: And the number after sixty-nine is 166: Seventy Interviewer: and after ninety-nine 166: Hundred. Interviewer: And after nine hundred and ninety-nine 166: Thousand. Interviewer: And after nine thousand and nine hundred and ninety-nine 166: Is a thousand. Interviewer: Okay and uh uh if you after the thousands there's um 166: Two thousand. Interviewer: Okay and after nine hundred thousand or something so you say there's a m- 166: Million. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you've got a line of people standing up and you say there's oh maybe ten or twelve of them the man the in the at the head of the line is the f- 166: What? Interviewer: Uh or you might say Sunday is the 166: {D: King} day. Interviewer: Okay and uh uh if you're 166: You getting tired {X} Interviewer: No I just around this is fine this way my voice doesn't sound so loud on that thing. I'm comfortable. Uh if you're talking about this line of people standing up there you might say well the one at the head of the line he's the 166: Head of it. Interviewer: Okay he's the f- #1 First # 166: #2 {X} # First. Interviewer: Okay and the one after him is the 166: second Interviewer: And then the 166: Third. fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth nine ten is that enough? Interviewer: Yes ma'am thank you. And if uh talking to somebody about how things happen maybe good or bad luck you might say well you feel like you get your good luck just a little bit at a time but your bad luck comes 166: Often. Interviewer: Okay and if you say uh last year talking about a farm you might say I got twenty bushels to the acre this year I got forty bushels to the acre. This year's crop was just 166: Fine. Interviewer: Just 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh # 166: {X} good. Interviewer: Right but it was uh was exactly double what it was 166: #1 Last year. # Interviewer: #2 before. # Yeah. Would you say twice as good twice? 166: Twice as good. Interviewer: Okay. And um the first month of the year is 166: January. Interviewer: And the next one 166: February. March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: Okay thank you and then the day after Monday is 166: Wash day. Interviewer: {NW} It's wash day. Okay and then uh would you just name the days of the weeks for me please. 166: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday Interviewer: Okay and do you uh ever hear Sunday called anything besides Sunday 166: No I haven't but I know that some of the people put them in some of the Jews. They put Saturday for Sunday that's all I've ever heard. Interviewer: Right well what about in the bible sometimes they use the word uh Sabbath 166: #1 Sabbath. # Interviewer: #2 What's # What does that how does that mean? Just 166: S- Sunday's the Sabbath. Interviewer: Okay and if you meet somebody in the early part of the day you generally say to 'em well good 166: For you. Interviewer: Uh-huh you might just say hello you might say 166: Well hello. Interviewer: Okay or good good m- 166: Good news. Interviewer: Okay do you just good morning? 166: Yeah {NW} Interviewer: Uh how is it? 166: Good morning how you get along? Interviewer: Okay {NW} 166: #1 You always say hi now # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 166: something like that. they left the good morning off. Interviewer: Okay well if you say good morning uh up to about what time of day would you 166: #1 Twelve o'clock. # Interviewer: #2 change? # Okay and then after twelve o'clock you might say 166: Afternoon. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you're leaving people do you ever use good day? 166: Goodbye. Interviewer: Just goodbye. Uh 166: Hope to see ya. Interviewer: Okay do you ever say good day to somebody when you meet them? 166: No I don't Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 166: #2 I never do say that # Interviewer: #1 Never say it # 166: #2 {X} # {X} so I'm still {X} Interviewer: Sure. 166: Good morning and good evening. Interviewer: Okay and uh you you say good evening after twelve o'clock. 166: Yeah after twelve o'clock. Interviewer: What about the part of the day after supper if you see somebody you might say 166: Night. Interviewer: Okay. Well if you meet him would you say that or 166: I don't know what. Interviewer: Say goodnight when you're leaving? 166: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But not if you come in at night. You come somebody comes in after supper they say wouldn't say #1 goodnight. # 166: #2 Say night. # Interviewer: Okay. 166: {X} cuz I don't ever I just say come in. Interviewer: Okay. Um. uh if uh a man has to get up and start working just as the sun comes up you might say well he had to start to working 166: Early. Interviewer: Okay. At that certain time you'd say it was 166: Five o'clock Interviewer: #1 Mm k. # 166: #2 or six o'clock # Interviewer: Uh and uh uh this morning uh 166: {D: usually} slept late. Interviewer: Okay and speaking of the sun you might say well we started to work before 166: Sun up. Interviewer: And uh if somebody asks you what time did the sun rise this morning you might say the sun 166: At seven o'clock. Interviewer: Did what? 166: At seven o'clock. Interviewer: Yeah would you say it uh r- 166: Early. Interviewer: Okay it rose or it {D: riz at} seven o'clock. How would you say that the sun 166: Rise I believe. Interviewer: Okay uh we were out a little late this morning. When we started working the field the sun had already 166: Rose. Interviewer: Okay and you might say well I was out working I saw the sun 166: Rise that's what it is. Interviewer: Okay and if he worked until the sun went out of sight you would say 166: #1 worked till sundown # Interviewer: #2 well he # Okay and uh uh if uh today is uh is Tuesday yest- uh Monday was 166: A busy day. Interviewer: Okay and if you tell somebody well I didn't do that this morning I did it 166: Yesterday. Interviewer: Okay and uh if somebody came to see you on Sunday uh say this past Sunday. If he came um a week earlier you might say well he came here Sunday you know not not this past Sunday but the #1 Sunday before. # 166: #2 Last Sunday. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say uh Sunday a week ago or a week ago Sunday 166: #1 yeah you say # Interviewer: #2 or s- # 166: week ago or Saturday ago. Interviewer: Saturday ago. 166: Either one will do. Won't it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Which one would you be more likely to say? 166: {D: My Jen} comes on Saturday night. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh 166: So I just say Sunday. Interviewer: Okay say I went to Church Sunday, but I didn't get to go Sunday 166: {X} Had to stay home with kids or {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say Sunday is a week ago or Sunday week? 166: Sunday week. Interviewer: {D: Just like okay} Uh what about uh talking about uh next Sunday. He's going to leave not this next Sunday but 166: #1 Next # Interviewer: #2 a Sunday beyond that # How would you say that? 166: Next Sunday Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How would you say that? He's gonna leave 166: Next Sunday is what I would say. Interviewer: You would, would you ever say Sunday a week? 166: Yeah I say that too Interviewer: How would you say that for me. 166: Say Sunday week. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody stayed uh with you came to visit and they stayed from the first of the month to the fifteenth you might say well he stayed about 166: Two weeks. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear a fortnight used for two weeks? 166: What? Interviewer: Fortnight. No. 166: I never heard that. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if uh if today is Tuesday uh Wednesday will be 166: Thursday. Interviewer: Oh okay and you might say well I'm not going today but I'm going 166: Tomorrow. Interviewer: #1 And # 166: #2 Put it off # Interviewer: Oh huh and if you wanna know the time of day you might say oh 166: My clock's stopped Interviewer: Uh and ask 'em what the hour is you'd say what 166: What time is it Interviewer: Okay and what would he somebody pull out his watch out of his pocket to look at 166: Watch Interviewer: And it'd be made out of what maybe what metal? 166: Your pardon Interviewer: What would the watch be made out of maybe it's uh he's a got a real nice it's a made of a yellow metal. You'd say that's a real fine 166: Watch. Interviewer: Okay what's the metal that it's made out of? It's a what kind of watch a g- 166: Gold. Interviewer: Okay and uh if it's midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you would say it's how would you tell somebody when it's halfway between seven o'clock and #1 eight # 166: #2 thirty. # Interviewer: #1 You'd say what # 166: #2 Seven thirty # Interviewer: Okay and if it's ten forty-five how would you say what time it is. It's about 166: Quarter to seven. Interviewer: Okay. 166: Quarter to eight. Interviewer: Okay and if you've been doing something for a long time you might say oh I've been doing that for quite a 166: While. Interviewer: And uh you might say the farmers got a pretty good crop last year but they're not gonna get such a good one 166: This year. Interviewer: And if a child just had his third birthday you'd say well now he's 166: Going on four. Interviewer: And he's four 166: Going on four. Interviewer: Four what? 166: Years. Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: uh if something happened um this is this is twenty nine 166: {NS} yep tomorrow's thursday last day Interviewer: Alright and something happened on this day last year you'd say well that happened exactly 166: same day Interviewer: okay uh to say last year you'd say it happened exactly 166: last year Interviewer: uh okay a year ago 166: uh-huh Interviewer: #1 you ever say that # 166: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 okay # 166: #2 course I say that # Interviewer: you look up in the sky uh the sky you might say I don't like the looks of those 166: stars Interviewer: okay and if its during the day and it looks like it might 166: #1 the clouds # Interviewer: #2 rain # Those 166: clouds Interviewer: okay but the sun is shining and there are no clouds you might say 166: #1 it a very beau- # Interviewer: #2 it's a # 166: beautiful day Interviewer: okay if its just the opposite of a pretty day how would you describe it's really 166: #1 its a bad day # Interviewer: #2 a # okay any other way you say or saying of 166: rainy day Interviewer: okay if uh its been lighter and then the clouds come and you expect rain you might say the weather is 166: changing Interviewer: okay and if it's been cloudy 166: it's always it's been cloudy this morning it's been kinda kinda cloudy all the morning Interviewer: #1 okay well you # 166: #2 can't focus # Interviewer: reckon the weathers gonna 166: rain Interviewer: okay the weather's gonna go stop looking cloudy you reckon it's gonna how would you say or hope it's gonna get pretty you think it's going to 166: clear up Interviewer: okay {NS} if it had been uh uh a real heavy rain how would you describe that to somebody it just 166: #1 its just been pouring # Interviewer: #2 like it's been pouring # 166: or poured down either one Interviewer: you ever heard them called anything like a gullywasher 166: yes they's gullywashers Interviewer: yeah 166: cause I I rarely call um gullywashers Interviewer: #1 okay have you ever heard # 166: #2 when it rains you know # Interviewer: #1 # 166: #2 # washes gullies in the hill Interviewer: yeah and uh would you say a cloud burst a regular cloud burst 166: cloud burst Interviewer: um {NS} what about a storm that had thunder and lightning in it 166: that was bad weather Interviewer: okay um what kind of a storm was it you'd say that was a regular 166: storm Interviewer: okay uh would you say a thunder storm or an electrical storm 166: electrical sometimes it's bad kinda lightning Interviewer: okay and if there was a lot of wind you might say the wind was 166: #1 sure blew # Interviewer: #2 very # 166: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh the wind what 166: blew Interviewer: okay and yesterday it the wind {NS} 166: didn't blow Interviewer: okay uh and then you might say that wind was very bad but it has even harder in the past it has 166: #1 has been harder # Interviewer: #2 okay its has # blown or blown 166: blowed Interviewer: blowed hard 166: okay Interviewer: and um if the wind is coming from that direction you'd say well the wind is 166: coming from the west Interviewer: and if it's coming that direction you'd say the wind is 166: coming from the north Interviewer: okay um and a wind halfway between south and west you'd call a s- 166: south south west Interviewer: okay is southwest where you 166: {X} Interviewer: okay 166: they're always we'll have a clash that's gonna come from southwest Interviewer: uh-huh #1 and what about # 166: #2 tornadoes # Interviewer: ma'am 166: tornadoes #1 from the south in there # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm from the south # 166: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what about if it's halfway between the east and the north 166: well that's just regular weather Interviewer: okay and uh what would you call a wind that's blowing in from the west in the north its a 166: contain cold Interviewer: okay 166: if it's changed north its changed cold Interviewer: you say northwest wind or 166: #1 northwest # Interviewer: #2 northwestern # okay 166: northwest Interviewer: okay and uh if it's raining but not very hard just a few fine drops you'd say it's 166: dropping they been dropping Interviewer: #1 okay # 166: #2 the rain # Interviewer: it's just a steady 166: what Interviewer: just a steady 166: steady rain Interviewer: steady rain what about a drizzle 166: wha- well it is drizzle Interviewer: yeah uh sprinkle #1 you ever say # 166: #2 sprinkling its sprinkling rain # Interviewer: okay uh if it's not really raining but it's wet out it's just 166: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 166: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 166: {NW} {D: little norse} Interviewer: okay and if it's hard to see it's not raining but it's hard to see 166: #1 mm fog # Interviewer: #2 you know if you might # 166: mist Interviewer: okay um uh fog 166: yeah fog Interviewer: okay uh and if its if it s uh the fog is so bad you can't see through it you say oh it is very 166: bad Interviewer: uh 166: #1 dan used to driving in it too # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {NS} uh if you go up in the mountains you might say well if you get up on top of it won't be so 166: bad Interviewer: or 166: won't be so bad Interviewer: okay or fog 166: huh Interviewer: #1 huh yes i think so # 166: #2 {X} # I was up on the mountains Interviewer: mm yeah 166: went up and down and down and around they said let's do that Interviewer: okay and if you don't have rain for weeks and weeks and weeks what do you call it you'd say we are having a 166: we sure need a rain Interviewer: uh-huh and what do you call that 166: the crops Interviewer: what do you call that time when there's no rain when you say that's a bad 166: season Interviewer: okay uh dry spell 166: dry spell Interviewer: drought drought 166: drought or drought maybe either one'd be Interviewer: how you say it 166: drought Interviewer: okay if the wind has been very gentle and then it's gradually getting stronger you'd say it's doing what it's 166: blowing Interviewer: its would you say it's picking up or breezing up or rising winds rising 166: winds rising Interviewer: okay and um if it's just the opposite and the wind has been blowing real hard but now it's not so bad 166: going up Interviewer: okay the wind is 166: swelling up Interviewer: okay and um all the morning in the fall when you first go outdoors its cold but it's not really disagree able its the kind of weather you might just enjoy being out in and you'd say well this morning is rather 166: cool Interviewer: okay uh any other ways of saying that air-ish or 166: #1 air-ish it be air-ish uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 brisk okay # 166: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 166: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # um it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes {NS} that your phone {NS} 166: see just a minute {X} Interviewer: here let's sit 166: took a blood pressure tablet before though right after breakfast just before so maybe I could hold Interviewer: {NW} 166: so you're nearly through Interviewer: yes ma'am um just a couple of other things um if you say it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you might say last night we had a 166: #1 banes # Interviewer: #2 banes # 166: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # okay or uh it was not really a hard freeze we had a lite 166: lighter Interviewer: frost say frost 166: yeah had a lot of frost frost is what killed them Interviewer: uh-huh and if it was so cold last night that the water in the lake got hard you would say well last night the lake 166: #1 froze over # Interviewer: #2 or yet # huh 166: lake froze over Interviewer: okay and you might say if it gets much colder tonight you might the lake might 166: better get out of froze in Interviewer: right because they might 166: freeze Interviewer: okay {NS} and uh if you leave one out you think well maybe they'll be alright but the next morning you go out you already 166: froze Interviewer: okay and uh how uh how tall would you say this room is mrs{B} this room is about 166: I'm telling you the truth I don't know it's high Interviewer: yeah 166: I guess ninety inches these in here Interviewer: the drapes 166: red drapes Interviewer: uh-huh 166: {X} Interviewer: yeah well you might say this room is about nine what 166: nine feet foot Interviewer: okay how'd you say it 166: nine foot Interviewer: okay and um I need to ask you a couple of things that I didn't get on here do you tell me how much your mother went to school is it {B} 166: she didn't go very much cause she was involved in that war she was gone during the war Interviewer: and your father 166: my father my mother #1 was you talking about my mother # Interviewer: #2 yes ma'am # 166: she was in that first war ever had years years ago mm-hmm {NS} right now my pa was in the war Interviewer: is that right 166: and my grandfather got wounded in the war one of his legs was shot off both my granddaddies got hurt one of his legs was shot off the other was wounded somewhere but my husband never did have to go but he was fixing to have to go when it closed down cheering and everything Interviewer: world war one 166: mm-hmm he didn't he got out of there cause that when he was twenty-one years old just sitting in college Interviewer: sure but your father and both of your grandfathers were men in the war between the states 166: same states both of um Interviewer: well then uh 166: I never did see none of um but they was in both of um Interviewer: and uh {NS} 166: so mama was born right after he left for the service I think when um she was born he didn't see his child till he got back home and he said they say that then when they come from over there they'd have to throw the coals in the woods before they let um could come to the house and lie the stuff they had with um and now he was at grandma kathy's post in the woods dressed and such and everything he had on then had to get him out of his head Interviewer: sure that sounds scary well um now you uh you told me that uh your um that your father was a farmer and he had a meat market didn't he 166: yeah he had a meat market in leslie Interviewer: mm-hmm 166: he died when I was twelve years old so I tried to run the thing but I couldn't do the thing you had to cut the meat yourself I couldn't do it but the store next to me would come in and cut it Interviewer: and uh 166: I couldn't do it cause I was too young I couldn't do it and fish and things so when we move out in the country they had crocodile Interviewer: and uh had he uh uh grown up out near leslie too 166: no he was up uh up out of there that he was raised up there Interviewer: right 166: #1 sly fountain {D} # Interviewer: #2 do you have any family # do you have any family down by doraville or is he having his family up there now 166: most of that family has moved out but yeah I seen um but I was small I don't remember none of um cause they moved out and the place is all but walders is up there but scandinavia we don't know cause of first cousins so left it with lester then cause we had to use mules and buckets didn't visit much Interviewer: sure okay and uh but both of your parents are could read and write 166: yeah #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # and uh 166: now my husbands parents they could never uh do any like that neither one never did go to school a day {NS} cheapest thing I saw just as good as anybody saw never went to school Interviewer: mm-hmm alright and um oh now here's one I didn't get if your talking about a mountain a place that's up real high what would be the opposite of that a low place would be a it's up in the 166: #1 gully # Interviewer: #2 mountain # and down in the 166: do you call it gullies Interviewer: okay and what about a va- 166: a what Interviewer: valley 166: what Interviewer: valley 166: valley well valley will do Interviewer: okay and uh if uh if somebody asks you if you know how to drive a car then I'd say 166: I say no cause I don't Interviewer: {NW} and uh 166: be lying Interviewer: does your daughter 166: oh yeah all my daughters and sons too Interviewer: do what now 166: all my daughters drive cars my oldest daughter died she drank before she learned to drive called to just come in good Interviewer: and you might say well or I I had to go to the doctor and my daughter dro- me down there how'd you say 166: drove Interviewer: okay and uh {NS} alright uh Interviewer: uh along with your meat for supper you might have a baked 176: Baked ham. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or #1 a # 176: #2 {X} # a Interviewer: Uh what uh kind of vegetable would you bake 176: Baked potato. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh there what kinds of potatoes 176: Sweet potatoes. Or uh I- uh Irish Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 potatoes. # Interviewer: And uh do you ever call sweet potatoes anything else? 176: Uh there's another name for 'em but I can't think now right Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 176: #2 now. # Interviewer: Have you ever do you just call 'em yams? 176: Yams Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 that's right. # Interviewer: And when are they yams and when are they sweet potatoes? 176: #1 Well I # Interviewer: #2 Or are they # interchangeable? 176: They're they're uh there's a difference, I think they're different potatoes, it's it they call a yam and a and a sweet potato. Interviewer: Uh uh-huh. 176: They uh there's a yellow yam Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: you know that they call Interviewer: They call 'em 176: #1 yams, uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about what is the white thing that you uh when you peel it it makes you- eyes water? {D: so they} 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: it's an onion. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about the little ones that uh that you have uh certain time of the year, what are they called? The little green ones 176: Little uh uh multiplying onions or uh they call that and then they call um Interviewer: The little white ones with the 176: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: stalk} 176: Yeah what is that? Interviewer: Um you ever call a spring onion? 176: Spring onion Interviewer: Or green onion? 176: Green onions {NS} {D: Uh-huh.} Interviewer: Okay. Uh-huh. But you'd also call 'em multiplying onions? 176: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: {D: Yeah you trying to let} uh you put down it's and they come out, just make a s- lot of little one's you see and when they spring up, I mean when they come up make a lot of 'em. Little top {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: I haven't} 176: And just one little they have a little kind of root on it Interviewer: Uh-huh 176: white root. Interviewer: {D: That seems} {X} What kind of um what is one of the vegetables that you'd use when you want to make a soup? A a gumbo soup. well we use tomatoes and okra and uh uh most any kind of vegetable 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # just anything you want 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 to throw in or anything you got # 176: potato- potatoes or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {X} most any kind of vegetable that you got you oughta put in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um if you uh {D: what if a} plum or sitting around it would dry up and what? Um if it just uh dries up to nothing you say it's {X} is there another term for drying up? That that you'd {X} Instead of saying 176: Shriveled up? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um what are the uh vegetables that come in large leafy heads that you cook with ham? 176: Well uh cabbage and uh collards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. And uh let's see when what what would you uh doing stuff when we were talking this morning you were 176: Shelling peas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what do you call the outside after you the pea and what do you call the out- 176: The hull. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {D: let's see} well what do you call the what do you call a large flat thing that you don't eat in the pod? You shell it. 176: Uh butterbeans. Interviewer: Uh what about the kind of beans that you eat pod and all? 176: Well that's uh {NS} uh English peas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh what about um what about another kind of bean {X} {NS} 176: Yeah oh uh snap bean. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you're gonna eat, eat {X} 176: The eat the outside and the in- Interviewer: snap 'em and #1 wash 'em. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: {X} Um what u- what do you you take the tops off turnips and cook them and make a mess of 176: Of the {D: uh} to make salad. Yeah salad out of the tops. Interviewer: And 176: #1 And then you # Interviewer: #2 what about # 176: can cook the {X} Interviewer: Uh- 176: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 176: eat them too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what do you ever call turnips anything else? 176: {D: No uh} Interviewer: A mess of turnips or a mess of {NS} 176: Mess of turnips or a mess of collards or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 Mess of # Interviewer: #2 {D: do you ever} # Interviewer: ever call 'em greens? {X} 176: yeah. Greens. That's what I say, a mess of greens, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 a mess of # Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 176: turnips, or mustard Interviewer: What about the uh green stuff that you put in salad? It's crisp and leafy. 176: Uh that's um lettuce. Interviewer: And if uh {X} how how do you refer to it as a a what of lettuce? Um 176: A head of lettuce. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh had do you ever uh have you ever referred to um um to say if the boys and girls together, some chil- a group of children have you ever referred to 'em or heard referred to 'em as um so many heads? Heads of children? Have you ever h- heard this term? Refer to a group of children as so many heads of children? Like five heads of children? 176: No I don't think I ever heard that that expression. A group of children. Interviewer: I suppose, uh-huh. A group of children. So many heads of children. If there were five children then you'd say well I've got five heads of children. 176: Well I guess that would be a Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 good way to # express Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 it but # Interviewer: {X} I had never 176: #1 I have never # Interviewer: #2 heard of it either # 176: {X} Interviewer: Uh-uh. 176: {X} {NS} hear Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 that. # Interviewer: Never heard that? What about um um do you ever use the word passel 176: What? Interviewer: passel A passel of 176: A passel Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: I've heard that word Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: expressed but I don't know how it was used, I I just don't remember. A passel of well I've heard the expression Interviewer: Uh-huh. I have I've heard that too I believe but I I {D: must be not remember that} Um {NS} well what do you call the top of a corn stalk? 176: Tassel. Interviewer: And uh the stringy stuff on the side of an ear of corn is the 176: Is the uh uh Interviewer: Um {D: it's off the little cloth} 176: Yeah. It's uh the um silk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh okay um what about let's see Halloween is just around the corner. What would you make a jack-o-lantern out of? {X} you hang a jack-o-lantern in your window. 176: Pumpkin. Interviewer: And uh what is another kind of a a small yellow crook-necked 176: Squash. Interviewer: And now what are some different kind of melons that you {X} melons that you 176: Uh watermelon. Interviewer: Uh anything smaller maybe? 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 the um # Interviewer: {X} 176: there's um the honeydew melon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And there's um the refrigerator melon they call it. Interviewer: What's that? 176: Well it's a small melon you you can p- use 'em you can put 'em in the refrigerator Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But small, that's {X} reason why they call Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 'em. # Interviewer: Uh have you ever heard of a mushmelon? 176: Mushmelon, yeah. Yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {D: melon} # Interviewer: how how is that different from watermelon? 176: Well it's uh it's kind of on the cantaloupe uh order that it grows uh long. A mushmelon grows long. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: A- but it's kinda on the cantaloupe uh Interviewer: More like that? 176: Yeah. More like Interviewer: Did y'all ever grow those? 176: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see um okay now this is something a little bit different, this is getting like more into uh woods um, about to do a walk into the woods now. Um if uh {NS} wha- well what do you call the little thing in the woods that you can eat that's umbrella-shaped? The little white um uh it turns up in the uh woods after a rain. And 176: A mushroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now what about, what do you call the kind that you can't eat? That's poisonous? Um i- it looks the same thing but sometimes it's a little larger. 176: {D: uh} Interviewer: Maybe it's poisonous. 176: I don't know I can't remember what the name of them are. Interviewer: Uh have you ever heard heard it referred to as a toadstool? 176: Toadstools. That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Or frogstools? 176: Frogstools. Interviewer: #1 You've heard of these # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Um what are uh after you have you ever heard of different or just what are some names of owls? The bird 176: Owls? Interviewer: Uh-huh, that you've ever known that nightbirds like 176: Uh well there's a hoot owl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um there's there's several different uh species of owl Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: but now I know the the one that makes you know Interviewer: {X} 176: makes the noise, hoots. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It's called a hoot owl. And there's others that I did once know but I can't think Interviewer: Uh what about a screech owl? Have you 176: Screech owl, yes. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 I've he- # yeah Interviewer: #1 Now think of # 176: #2 couldn't think of # Interviewer: some kind of a a {X} {D: kind of about a} screech owl {X} when you hear it it means death? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you heard of 176: Well if it comes in the house, I've heard that. Interviewer: Right. Uh-huh. 176: {X} Interviewer: Didn't it mean that there's death in the family? 176: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: Uh- #1 huh. # 176: #2 I # don't know whether that's true or not. Interviewer: Yeah. I I've heard that too. Um what do you call the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 176: Woodpecker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh have uh you ever heard it any- called anything else besides woodpecker? 176: Yeah there's another one there's um sapsucker they call 'em. Interviewer: Sapsucker? 176: Yeah. {D: it it's because} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 {D: rose ends of the} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about have you ever heard the term peckerwood? Changing it around? 176: {X} Yeah I've heard peckerwoods. Interviewer: Well have you ever heard it referred to to people? 176: No, Interviewer: A class of people? 176: no I don't Interviewer: Just to the bird? 176: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what is the black and white animal that gives off a a strong odor? 176: Skunk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about any other term {X} 176: #1 That's a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: that's a um Interviewer: {D: you know uh} besides skunk, sort of I guess a plain term something {X} Or have you ever heard of it called anything else? 176: It's a skunk {NS} I believe that's all I've Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard it called a polecat? 176: Polecat! I've Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 I- yeah # yeah! Yeah. Yeah a polecat. Interviewer: {NW} 176: That's right. Interviewer: Um what do you call the kind of animal that would come and raid a hen a henhouse? 176: That's a a possum. Interviewer: A possum? Uh-huh. Um let's see um and now let's see, you got some of these out here in the trees and they climb trees. Uh the bushy-tailed animal that hops around the trees? 176: That's a squirrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um are they different colors? {X} 176: well the most of 'em are the same colors, you have a gray squirrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see what about uh {NS} another kind of animals that looks like sort of like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees? Um it stays on the ground. 176: Rabbit? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It's that color, they Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 got that # Interviewer: #1 They got that # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: color? Uh-huh. Um let's see, we can skip some of these {X} 176: There is a red squirrel, they call a red squirrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It's it's uh fur is has more Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 brownish-reddish # Interviewer: {X} 176: you know Interviewer: Were there were there any are there any of those around here? 176: Yeah. Uh-huh. Interviewer: But not that many? 176: Not that many. Uh-uh, there's not too many. People kill 'em and eat 'em. They're larger than a than the Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 cat # squirrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: These are called cat squirrels here. Interviewer: The gray ones? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} I wonder why. 176: I don't know either, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 that's what they # Interviewer: #1 cat's get # 176: #2 call 'em # Interviewer: after 'em 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 or something. # 176: I {NS} Interviewer: Um what do you call the uh well just what are some seafoods that you can get around here or maybe way out in Darien or somewhere? What would be 176: Well the oysters and um mullet fish and uh different uh {NS} um brim and uh and uh mackerel, mackerel. Interviewer: What about um a sort of a fan-shaped {X} 176: {NW} Interviewer: Um seafood 176: Uh sheep head? Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh, what's what is that? 176: That's a fish. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh uh I can't think now the name Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # think of. Interviewer: Um 176: #1 but uh # Interviewer: #2 what uh # 176: {X} uh Interviewer: What about the little the little pink with the vein? Uh some people eat 'em raw then 176: Oh that you thinking about the goldfish? That they put in Interviewer: #1 Well # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: no um let's see this is just something, they're kind of um kind of curled and you eat 'em um 176: Oh that's uh shrimp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Uh what about if you had what ha- let's see you would refer to one as a a shrimp. What would you refer to 176: {NW} Interviewer: how do you refer to like if you have a plate let's say fifteen or twenty that you were about to eat then say what would the plural form be of uh shrimp? How would how would you refer to a plate of 176: Shrimp? Interviewer: Uh-huh. More than one {D: just works the same way} 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Um what do you call the um that little animal that that sits out on a say a lily pad or something or another, in a pond? 176: Frog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are there any other different kinds of terms for it besides just a 176: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 frog? # 176: bullfrog and a Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about little ones? Uh are they different from bullfrogs? 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 They have a # 176: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: different name? 176: Yeah, but I can't think of the name of the other ones now. The little green frog, they call 'em Interviewer: Green frogs? Uh-huh. Um now what about is there a do you have another name for a a brownish-color that would give you warts if you touch it? {D: The po-} 176: That's a Interviewer: Have you ever heard of it called a toad? 176: Toad! That's Interviewer: #1 or a toad- # 176: #2 what it's called # Interviewer: frog? 176: Toadfrog! {X} Interviewer: And we how do how do you usually say it? 176: #1 Toad- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: toadfrog. Interviewer: Uh-huh, you usually say toadfrog? 176: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # and uh it's supposed to give you warts. 176: That's what they say. Interviewer: {X} Uh what about the um the hard little hard-shelled animal that pulls its neck and legs in when you touch it? 176: That's a turtle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And 176: Or a gopher. Interviewer: Or a gopher. Uh-huh. #1 {D: It's a} # 176: #2 There's # turtles and then there's gophers. Interviewer: And there in what's the difference between 176: Well the the gopher ma- is larger than the turtle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. And are there both kinds around here? {NS} 176: Yeah. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} 176: The gophers dig holes and make nests down in the ground. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What um are the if you were going fishing and you wanted to get you some um something to to {NS} to catch fish with what would you dig for? 176: Hook and oh worms. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh # earthworms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh let's see {D: now} what do you call the thing that is found in fresh water streams, it's got claws and when you turn it turn it over, a rock it it'll swim away backwards? 176: It's a turtle? {NS} Interviewer: Or um it's sort of a type of fish with the claws like uh 176: {X} is it a eel? Interviewer: Uh I suppose all this is you know {D: found in} um have you ever heard of uh crawfish? Or 176: Crawfish. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Which which do you say, crawfish or crayfish? 176: Crawfish. Interviewer: Crawfish? 176: #1 Crawfish. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: {X} Uh-huh. And I guess you've heard it referred to as crawdad? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: And the 176: #1 crawdad. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 either way. # Uh-huh. Um these are different types of flying insects {X} What do you call the um insect that flies around lights and uh tries to fly into the light? {D: Comes with} light. And you get powder on your hand if you touch it. 176: That's a moth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um what uh what will lay eggs in your clothes and {X} your clothes? 176: Uh that is a moth. Interviewer: {NS} {D: Okay} Uh-huh. Um what flies around at night and you can see it lighting up? 176: Lightning bug. Interviewer: And uh what is the the uh long insect, real thin insect um with shiny wings and uh a hard {D: beak} and it's um it's and it flies around damp places? It's uh it's a pretty large thing. Um 176: I know what you're talking about and I've seen 'em Interviewer: #1 {D: they} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: do this {NW} 176: Huh? Interviewer: And it scares you to see 'em. 176: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: I can't think what it is now. Interviewer: Um have you ever called 'em a dragonfly? 176: Dragonfly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And there's another name for 'em but I can't think what it is now. Interviewer: Um well what about may- uh snake doctor or um these are just some you know some just snake feeder? Mosquito hawk? 176: Mosquito hawk. Interviewer: Mosquito hawk, you've heard it ref- 176: That's what I always heard 'em called. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Mosquito hawk. Interviewer: Is that what you've always called 'em? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Mosquito hawk # 176: #2 Mosquito # hawk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Because they eat mosquitoes? 176: Well that's what that's what we always thought Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know that # they did. Interviewer: Um what are some of the different types of stinging insects that you've heard of? 176: Well the uh chinch bug. And then there's uh uh a brown bug that uh that was {NS} gives off an odor when you mash 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: I don't know what the name of it is uh Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: There was one they called a chinch bug. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And it has an {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Does it fly or wa- 176: Yeah they Interviewer: Fly? 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: What about if um uh I walked out and uh some- something yellow was buzzing around stung me, what would that be? Uh some kind of 176: Well it'd be a wasp. Interviewer: Uh-huh or a 176: Or a bee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh yellow-jacket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um have you ever heard two uh {X} a wasp called anything else? 176: {D: A wasp?} Interviewer: Called anything else, maybe th- um a- fills its house with mud and mud nests? 176: Uh uh dirt dauber. Interviewer: Dirt dauber? Uh-huh. And uh of course what are the little icky little things that fly around here all the time and bite at {D: at night?} 176: Mosquitoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} And have they ever been referred to as anything else? Have you ever 176: Not that I remember. Interviewer: #1 Mosquitoes. # 176: #2 It was always # Interviewer: {X} That's enough. {NW} What about the little red bugs that will get well I just said what were the little bugs that will get under your skin? What do you always call these? {NS} Um they'll bite you at night like if you go out fishing or something or another, you come back in and you're covered {X} uh say if it's all in your skin 176: Is it gnats? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh red have you ever called a red bug? 176: Red bugs, yes. #1 Yes, yes. # Interviewer: #2 Call it red bugs? # 176: #1 Yes, yes. # Interviewer: #2 y- say I said I # thought I'd said it. 176: Yeah well the red bugs, they're they'll get on you and uh and uh Interviewer: How how do you get rid of 'em? 176: Uh y- you get uh takes uh baking soda Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and uh just moisten your body and then rub that baking soda on there it- it'll get r- rid of 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what is the little green and some of 'em are brown insects that hop around in the grass in the summertime? 176: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Um and if we uh went out the back door and saw um up in the awning a a little white lacy thing, what would this little white lacy thing that had been woven by an insect be called? A little white lacy web like? 176: {X} um a spider. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um let's see um what is the kind of tree that you tap for syrup? 176: Maple tree. Interviewer: Maple tree? Uh-huh. And uh where where you'd have a lot of maple together is there any special term that you would use for 176: Well there's not in this part of the Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} 176: #1 Uh-uh, no. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: We don't have that in here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh a tall uh would you call a tall shade tree with long white limbs and white scaly bark? {X} 176: Would it be a sycamore tree? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Well what are some of the kind of trees around here? 176: Well dogwood and uh redbud and uh pine and uh that's uh I I don't Interviewer: That's what you can think of now? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What kind of tree did George Washington cut down? 176: Apple tree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about um if I went out uh say on the river and got came back with some some awful skin broken out all over me, and I had gotten around some little um little five-pointed green leaves and things what are these kind of things called? 176: Um poison ivy. Interviewer: Uh-huh, and is there another one that's famous? 176: Poison oak. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what are some are there local berries around here? Some of the different types of berries that 176: Well uh they uh they uh there's huckleberry and the bla- blackberry. And uh strawberry. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 That we # have here. {X} And then there's a low bush that we we always called gooseberry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Can you eat those? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Eat them? 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um let's see what uh kind of tree is this that um you've got out here outside your house 176: Magnolia. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: I'd forgot about it, I couldn't think Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 of the trees # you know? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um have you ever heard it heard it referred to as anything else? 176: No, magnolia's the Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 only thing I've # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um if in other words this would be in your case, a woman who has lost her husband is called a 176: Widow. Interviewer: Uh-huh, and a a man whose lost 176: Widower. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um uh did you ever what well what did you how did you refer to your mother and father? In other words what would you say when you might be if you were calling your mother 176: {X} would call uh my mother, would call her momma. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And my daddy, we'd call him papa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about your grandparents? What did you call them? 176: Grandmother and grandfather. Interviewer: You called them 176: Uh-huh Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say grandmother {D: stuff like that?} 176: Uh-huh. Or grandpa. Interviewer: Uh- and grandpa? 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um and the combination, your father and mother are called your together your father and mother are your 176: Parents. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see {NW} well what do you call um {X} what would be you'd {X} right now but say if you have a son and a daughter or some sons and daughters, then you would call them your 176: Children. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And are they ever referred to as anything else maybe? Besides children have you ever heard of another name for calling a group of children? Um like uh {X} I'm sure you've hear- heard 'em referred to as kids or 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Younguns, have you ever called 176: Yeah I've heard 'em called Interviewer: #1 Heard 'em # 176: #2 younguns. # Interviewer: called younguns? 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Um what do you call a name uh maybe i- not the chil- a child doesn't have a given name but maybe when he's a baby he's called a 176: Uh Interviewer: Uh 176: nickname. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um what is something on wheels that you can put a baby in so that it can lie down? 176: A c- Carriage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if you're going to put the baby in the carriage and then what would and you were going out, you would say I'm going out to 176: Take the baby for a stroll. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see uh if a woman's going to have a child you'd say she's 176: Pregnant. Interviewer: And of course we've already talked about your grandmother who was a 176: Midwife. Interviewer: A midwife, uh-huh. And if uh a mother has looked after three children until they're grown up then you'd say that she has 176: Raised her family. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what would you say uh that uh a way of punishment uh to uh a child who does something wrong you say you're going to get a 176: Spanking. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Or a whipping. Interviewer: A whipping, uh-huh. Um let's see what about uh a child, an illegitimate child. Have you ever heard of a a name for an illegitimate child? Or a child who's born to a an unmarried woman. 176: Well that's a legitimate child. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um let's see what is your your brother's son is called your 176: Do what? Interviewer: Your brother's son would 176: #1 Is # Interviewer: #2 be # 176: my nephew. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what is a child who doesn't have a mother or father? You call 176: It's an orphan. Interviewer: Okay. And uh who uh what is the term given to a person who's somehow appointed to look after that orphan 176: A guardian. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um if you were going to give a party and invite all of all of um people related to you then you would say you were going to invite your 176: Your relatives. Interviewer: Your relatives. Di- have you ever heard of 'em referred to anything? Um do you ever say kinfolk? 176: Kin- Interviewer: #1 Kin- # 176: #2 folks # that's right, Interviewer: #1 Have you # 176: #2 kinfolk. # Interviewer: do 176: #1 Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, # Interviewer: #2 you say that? Uh-huh. # 176: yeah. Interviewer: Um 176: Just for kinfolks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The kinfolks. And if you were speaking or somebody was uh talking about 'un- a woman you'd say well she's {D: you know} and she wasn't related to you, you'd say well she's would you say she's not related to me or would you say she's 176: She's {X} my kinfolk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or or have you ever said she's no she's not 176: #1 Not a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: no kin to me. Interviewer: No kin to me? Uh-huh. And uh someone who uh who comes into town and no one's ever seen 'em before, what would you call a what? 176: A stranger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh was the name of the Jesus' mother? 176: Mary. Interviewer: And uh what is uh another woman's name that begins with an M, it was George Washington's wife's name. It's an old name {X} 176: Martha. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what is my aunt's name? 176: Uh Nelly. Interviewer: {NW} right. A- have you ever heard of that as a nickname for Helen? 176: No. Interviewer: {X} I didn't know that it says a nickname for Helen beginning with N and I never knew that 176: {D: Nelly} Interviewer: Nelly was a nickname for Helen. Uh what is your son-in-law's name? 176: Uh Bill Ellis Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. And um there were um the first uh the first of the four gospels was uh 176: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh let's see what who were the would I be referred to or or a woman who conducts a school school room or school class is called a 176: School teacher. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh were there any old-fashioned terms that you used to refer to the woman teachers or were you ever referred to you know a special term back then that instead of ca- were you called school teachers? 176: Yeah, when I taught school I was {X} but I think they they had another {NS} um a a s- Interviewer: A school have you ever heard a schoolmarm? 176: Marm, that's right. Interviewer: #1 Is that what # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 you said? # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # I've heard that. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um let's see um {X} they just want the pronunciation of uh the uh {D: of one of the named misses} C-O-O-P-E-R. 176: Cooper Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see have you ever heard a a preacher who's not trained, who doesn't have a regular pulpit and he just um preaches preaches on Sunday once in a while and makes his living doing something else, have you ever heard of a term for this? He's not a 176: #1 He's # Interviewer: #2 full-time # preacher. 176: He's uh {NS} {D: interm} preacher? {X} {X} Interviewer: What is Nelly's relation to me? 176: She's your aunt. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh who was Abraham's wife? 176: Mi- uh uh Nelly Abraham Interviewer: Uh- 176: Oh Interviewer: #1 in the Bible. # 176: #2 in the Bible, # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 in the # Bible, um Interviewer: Or her nickname was {X} 176: #1 Elizabeth. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Elizabeth {D: though} Interviewer: Or what's Sally a nickname for? 176: #1 Rachel # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: uh Sarah. Interviewer: Uh- 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Tha- uh-huh. # Yeah. And uh well we've been working for a while. Um let's see well what if your father had a brother by um uh well what what is your father's brother relation to you? 176: He's my uncle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And {NS} well what is the army terms you've heard of for a five-star 176: General? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What who is the what's that old man's name who introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken? 176: Uh uh Interviewer: {X} or what what rank is he? 176: #1 He's a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: colonel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Colonel Sanders. 176: Sanders. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Of course they don't have that down here so um who um is the man that's in charge of a ship? He's the what of the ship? {D: Rank} 176: Co- commander? Interviewer: Yeah or uh uh another {NS} an- also another army term. Um um you know a {X} term? Uh C-A-P begi- 176: Captain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 Captain. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. {NS} What about uh {NS} what is the rank of the man who presides over the county court? 176: The judge. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh a person who goes to college to study is called a what? 176: To study what? Interviewer: To study, if you go to college, in other words I am considered a what? 176: A student. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now do you make any distinction between uh grad school high school or or say all students from {X} first grade on or do you know of any other name different uh 176: Well a college, after you go to college you're a college student. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a little one? You'd call you'd call them first grade 176: They're uh uh elementary Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: school. Interviewer: Uh do you ever call 'em pupils? #1 {X} # 176: #2 Pupils, that's right # Interviewer: #1 when they're little like that # 176: #2 Uh-huh. Yeah, # yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what if uh I uh handled if I worked with someone and handled uh the boss's mail and uh made telephone calls and all I would be his 176: Secretary. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What is a a woman who's on stage and in movies? What is her 176: She's a star. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh and referring to the fact that she acts sh- 176: Actress. Interviewer: Uh-huh and what would a man be? 176: Actor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um anyone that was born in the United States, their nationality is uh 176: National citizen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what you would say I am an 176: American citizen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what um is the term for a black person? What uh what is the um their ra- their race? 176: They're uh African. Uh the black race. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh what uh something else that begins with an N, the a name. 176: Nigger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of any terms or way back did you uh ever hear- hear of any terms, other names for them or um um derogatory terms or something? Um have you ever called them anything else or have y'all just called 'em niggers? 176: #1 Niggers. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Uh-huh. Niggers. Interviewer: And um what about um a person of a white race is uh besides white um is there another have you always have you ever heard of another term for a member of a white 176: Anglo-Saxon, is that a Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} Um what about a derogatory term for people maybe with certain political views or something or other um a white person, have you ever heard of any any derogatory terms um putting 'em down? Or uh {D: sort of referring} have you ever heard of uh redneck? 176: No, I don't think I have. Interviewer: Or hillbilly? 176: Yes Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 to- hillbillies # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} 176: Yeah I've heard tell of hillbillies. Interviewer: Um what is uh 'un- what do you call a child who's born of a a black and white marriage? Um do you know 176: Intermarriage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. That would be the term that you'd #1 you'd use? # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: What uh did when there were slaves, what did the slaves used to call the person that they worked for? 176: Master. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what do you call white people, poor white people? Um {D: that it} they're not well off, they have don't have much education 176: Under-privileged? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Are there any other terms that you'd ever um use for 'em? Uh {NS} {X} people that may- m- maybe there are some that are that really are good for nothing or lazy and 176: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What then you'd # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: c- you'd say well these call just 176: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 good-for-nothing # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NS} um let's see what about um um black people uh is there a special have you ever heard of a term for a black person who was who wouldn't work and who was good-for-nothing and all? 176: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: You'd say he was awfully {X} good-for-nothing? 176: Good-for-nothing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what do you call someone who lives out in the country? Is there a special name for someone who that lives out in the country? Um as opposed to someone who lives in the city? 176: Country cracker. Interviewer: An- have you is that 176: I've heard that. Interviewer: Heard it? 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: country Interviewer: #1 And # 176: #2 {D: bumpkin} # Interviewer: what about if you lived in the country, how would you refer to someone who lived in the city? 176: A city dude. Interviewer: A city dude? 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 176: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {D: oh but} um let's see what about if um someone came to the door and you knew it was gonna take you a s- a second to get to the door then what would you call out to them to let 'em know that you were gonna {X} you'd say 176: I'm here, I'm coming. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or if you knew it was just going to um take just 176: A f- uh I'll be in there in a minute. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um let's see what about uh um let's see what about if uh you were wanting to show show me something and uh or tell me something and I wasn't quite catching on and you were you'd point out and you'd say well and you were wanting me to uh to look at you or something and you'd say well uh to sh- to show me uh point something out you'd and maybe I wasn't paying attention or something, you'd say well 176: This is the way uh this is it or Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh do you ever say well look look 176: Look Interviewer: uh look here or 176: uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay some of these now are I just want to point to parts of of the body and you tell me the names of 'em. This is the 176: Forehead. Interviewer: And this is 176: Hair. Interviewer: And if I had hair right here it'd be 176: It'd be a beard. Interviewer: {NW} And this is my 176: Ear. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And pa- this is the 176: Earlobe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh as far as direction, this is my 176: Right um this is your left Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 and this is your right. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh this is my 176: Mouth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And this is my 176: Neck. Interviewer: Okay and then the area up in here would be my 176: Throat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And have you ever heard it referred to anything else? {D: as} the throat referred to as anything else? Uh like on a chicken, or something or other um if you got the have you ever heard oh he's got a chicken bone stuck in his 176: In his um Interviewer: Throat? Is that 176: #1 throat. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 176: {NW} Interviewer: have you ever heard a goozle? 176: Goozle, yeah, I've heard tell Interviewer: #1 Have you ever # 176: #2 {D: goozle} # Interviewer: used goozle? 176: Yeah, yeah Interviewer: #1 You've heard # 176: #2 I have. # Interviewer: that before? And that refers to your throat? 176: That is the it's uh your goozle comes up and down, pushes the food down you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 It # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: works #1 up and down # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: as you Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: swallow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what are these? 176: Teeth. Interviewer: And one of 'em would be a 176: Tooth. Interviewer: And this part of the mouth 176: #1 the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: gums. Interviewer: And this is the 176: The palm of the hand. Interviewer: And this is a 176: Fist. Interviewer: And two would be plural would be one fist and two 176: It'd be two fists. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about where um my my elbow is um your elbow and your knee are referring to the fact that they bend are called or you get it sometimes you get a stiff- 176: Knee or a stiff arm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or what about to the fact that they're joined they're joined together? Uh a stiff j- do you ever say 176: Joint. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 176: Stiff joint. Interviewer: Um on a man this would be called the 176: Chest. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what about if you have a broad 176: Shoulders. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And this is a well this is called a just this #1 where # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: my fingers and everything {NW} 176: #1 A hand? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} Uh-huh. And how d- how do you measure the height of a horse? 176: So many hands high. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh this is my 176: Calf. Leg. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. And this is a 176: Foot. Interviewer: And two of 'em are 176: Two feet. Interviewer: {NW} And uh what is this area right here? 176: That is the um Interviewer: Like I oh I kicked or I hit my 176: Shin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what do you call um the back part of your thigh is um uh like if you were uh s- if I were stooped down on the floor but I wasn't sitting on the floor you'd say well she's standing on her 176: All fours. Interviewer: All- uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um if somebody's been sick for a while but he's up now but he still looks kinda sick you say well he he looks a bit 176: Peaked. Interviewer: Peaken? Uh-huh. 176: Pale or Interviewer: Or pale, uh-huh. In other words, he doesn't look healthy, 176: No Interviewer: still doesn't look healthy. Um well what would you call a person who could what kind of a an adjective, in other words how would you describe a person who could lift heavy weight? 176: It's uh strong. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about a person who's easy to get along with? 176: Even-tempered? Interviewer: {X} 176: Ev- ev- even. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um um let's see what about someone who um like a teenager who's all arms and legs and he stumbles over his feet, you'd say he's mighty 176: Clumsy. Interviewer: What about um a person who keeps on doing things that that don't make any sense, you'd say well he's just a plain 176: Idiot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 176: {NW} Interviewer: Um let's see what about a person who won't ever spend a cent? 176: That's uh they're uh stingy. Interviewer: Stingy. Uh-huh. Uh what about um well what if you ever refer to say someone as being common do you ever refer to anyone as being common? {NS} You say that girl is common. 176: Yeah I Interviewer: Or if have you ever heard of it? How how has it been in other words what would you mean by it if you said it? 176: Well it they uh they just uh not refined and Interviewer: Nu- uh-huh. 176: Uh I would say they wasn't refined, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 they used # uh uh the language they use Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 and # Interviewer: huh. 176: accents and all. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um if um and a or an old woman who acts like she's sixteen then you would say for for her age she 176: Acts silly. Interviewer: #1 Acts # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: silly? O- 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 kay. # 176: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about um if you were an an old man who was strong and active and uh he could get around good and everything, would you say he's still quite 176: Active. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what how do you call young people who are full of life {X} everything? {D: be uh} an imaginative maybe 176: Uh {D: little} mischievous? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if um uh the children are um out later than they usually are then you would say I don't suppose anything's wrong but I can't help feeling a little 176: Uh worried. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see what about um if uh if a house were dark didn't have a light on then you'd say well I don't want to go in there, I'm 176: Afraid. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Had uh what about uh do you ever use any other 176: Scared. Interviewer: Scared? Uh-huh. Or what about if you said oh it's it's what in there? It's 176: Dark. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um if somebody isn't afraid now but they once were then you'd say she she isn't afraid now but she 176: Was afraid? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or she uh uh or something about the old gray mare, she ain't 176: What she used to be? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} um let's see what okay let me see what about um if you left a lot of money on the table and you went out and didn't lock your door and somebody uh there's a possibility that somebody'd come in and get it, you'd say well that was an awful what thing to do? That was a or if you left your keys in the car and left it parked and and went in the store then you'd say well somebody might say well that was an awfully 176: Careless thing for you Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 to do. # Interviewer: What um let's see well what let's um in this sentence if if just in the context of this sentence, there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy but sometimes she acts kind of 176: Crazy? {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh, she's acting just 176: Silly? Interviewer: silly, uh-huh. What about um the word queer? How do you 176: Queer, yeah. That's another word Interviewer: What what does it mean when you use it? 176: queer, that's uh well say that uh a person is {NW} usually talks a lot so then they quit talking and don't say much Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 or # 176: that's acting queer. Interviewer: That's acting queer? Um what if somebody is uh very sure of his own ways and he doesn't want to change and you what might you say to him? Don't be so what in your ways? 176: So set in your ways. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what uh also could you say ju- don't be so if he wasn't going to change or he was just bound and determined to do something you'd say oh don't be so 176: {NW} Interviewer: Is there anything that you would um would you ever say stubborn? 176: Stubborn! That's that's a good word {X} Interviewer: #1 Or what # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: about any other kind of word, you know don't be you ever use pigheaded or bullheaded or anything like that? Or 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 You've have you ever # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 heard # 176: #2 stubborn # or bullheaded Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 and # Interviewer: huh. Uh-huh. Um let's see, if uh if you somebody you can't joke with without losing his temper you'd say he's m- mighty 176: Touchy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um if I said I was just kidding him, I don't know why he got he {NW} I didn't know why he got 176: So mad? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um {NS} what about if somebody's about to lose their temper you'd you'd tell him what? What would you tell him? You'd say well they're about to lose their temper and you don't want 'em to you say oh 176: Don't don't lose your temper or Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or um let's see what about if the house was on fire and there were several people in it then you would say well keep 176: #1 Quiet # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh and we'll all get out 176: #1 Get out # Interviewer: #2 alright? # 176: #1 alright. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: uh and this is like we are right now, if we've been working all day long then you'd say you're very 176: Tired. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if what about if you're very, very tired is there {X} is there anything besides tired can do you go {NS} 176: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 tired? # 176: #1 just pooped. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 176: {NW} that's not what I Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 am now! # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: I hope it} {NW} Uh let's see what about um another kind of expression like that if you'd been working say if you've been working all in the field, if you've been working in the field all day then you'd say he's all 176: Worn out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if a person's been quite well they do well for a long time and then you hear that suddenly they've got they have some disease you'd say last night she 176: Seemed uh well. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But uh all of a sudden she 176: Got sick. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um if uh {NS} let's see if you'd been traveling uh going trying to reach a destination, you'd been traveling all day long and maybe there's children in the car, they get real re- restless you tell 'em not to worry, that we'll get there 176: Soon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about if a person uh sat out in the cold and began to cough, then you'd say well last night he and the next day he woke up with a sore throat and all then you'd say oh he 176: Took a cold? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if if it affected his voice and his {X} 176: He'd have laryngitis. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say his voice is in reference to the sound it'd make, his voice is 176: Hoarse. Interviewer: Um what about if if he were 176: Sneezing? Interviewer: Uh-huh, or um 176: #1 Coughing? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. Yeah. {NW} What about if uh {NS} you were real tired, you'd say well I'd better go to bed, I'm feeling a little 176: Uh sleepy? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what let's see what do you ca- if someone um if you had to go and get someone out of bed in the morning would you go to you 176: Wake him up. Interviewer: Uh-huh, do you have you ever used rouse? 176: Rouse 'em. Interviewer: You've heard that 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Or # used it? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: What about if you can't hear anything at all then you're stone- if you can't hear anything at all you're stone 176: Stone deaf. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um {X} now what what do you call a a sore that you might have on skin that comes to a head? 176: A boil? Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} 176: A rising. Interviewer: or or a rising? Uh-huh. Uh what about when it opens? What do you call the stuff that drains out? 176: Pus. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what do you call um the stuff when you get a blister? What what's the stuff that forms under the skin? 176: It's fluid. {NS} Water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um i- in a war, if a bullet went through your arm then you you say you have a 176: Bullet wound. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What um is a kind of skinless growth in a wound that's got to burned out? 176: That's the cauterize it. Interviewer: The what? 176: Cauterized it. Interviewer: Cauterized it? They burn it out? 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um is there a name for it? Is there a name for the type uh stuff that's got to be burned out? Have you ever heard of proud flesh? 176: Proud flesh, uh-huh. Interviewer: That's what it's called? 176: Yeah Interviewer: The stuff 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 that's got # to be burned out 176: #1 Burned out. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: So that the place would heal. Interviewer: So that it'd get well? Uh-huh. {X} 176: Proud flesh grow in it. In the in the wound you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or 176: They call it proud flesh. And it won't heal until that is burned out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} {NW} Um what about what is the brown liquid that stings that you put on a cut? 176: Uh iodine? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What um did people used to be given as a tonic for malaria? 176: Uh {D: treesses} Interviewer: {D: Preesses?} {D: Uh-huh.} Have you ever heard of anything else that anyone took for malaria? Or uh 176: Well quinine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: That has quinine in it. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 176: And it's a tonic and a {D: you know} Interviewer: Um 176: If you ever took any of it you could tell, it's bitter as Interviewer: {D: good to know} 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh what about how how do you refer to someone um was shot and he didn't recover then you'd say he 176: Uh repeat. Interviewer: If someone is sh- {NS} was say got a bullet wound or something and he didn't recover then he 176: Died from the wound. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Died from # the gun- Interviewer: #1 What # 176: #2 shot. # Interviewer: are uh are there any other terms that you had ever use for died? Um did you ever say any other ways he 176: He was killed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh anything else that referring to or my um um neighbor uh you ever say passed away? Or or do you always say died? 176: Yeah he passed away or sometimes they say Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 died. # Interviewer: huh. Just whatever? {X} 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Do you # use either term? 176: Either term, {D: it'd be uh} Interviewer: Um let's see what do you call the place where people are buried? 176: Cemetery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And do you ever call it anything else? 176: Graveyard. Interviewer: Graveyard? Uh-huh. And uh if people who are dressed in black, you say that they are 176: In mourning. Interviewer: What about uh if uh somebody came up and asked you how you were feeling if you're feeling just about average and somebody asked you how you were feeling you'd say oh I'm 176: Fine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about if somebody's troubled real worried about something then you might say oh it'll come out alright, don't 176: Worry. Interviewer: And uh what do you call the disease that you get in joints? 176: Arthritis. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other name for it? 176: Uh rheumatism. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about the disease that makes you yellow? 176: That's uh jaundice. Interviewer: And uh what about the disease that uh children children choke in the night or get a a bad sore throat blisters on the inside of your {D: throat} 176: Uh Interviewer: It begins with D-I-P. Dip- 176: Diphtheria? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: That's one I don't know much about} Uh if you have your appendix taken out then then uh you'd have an attack of what? 176: Appendicitis. Interviewer: And uh if you ate something that didn't agree with you and it wouldn't stay down then you say he had to 176: Vomit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever use any other terms for that? 176: {D: Irk} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if a person vomited, then you would say he was sick 176: Sick in his stomach. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see well what do you refer to um when when a boy and girl are dating and are doing it pretty regularly do you say the boy is 176: In love? Interviewer: Uh-huh, and uh in reference to the fact that they're they're going together, maybe an older term then they don- don't use it too much today but they're they're 176: They're sweethearts? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or have you ever heard they're courting? 176: Courting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: {D: say} uh did you ever hear sparking? 176: Yes, I heard they were sparking. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Let's see and what about um uh the boy came home with lipstick on his collar, his little brother might say to him you've been 176: Been necking. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about any other terms that you ever heard? 176: Uh Interviewer: Or did that you ever used? 176: What? Interviewer: Di- or that you ever used, you know besides necking. {NS} 176: I don't remember. Interviewer: {X} um what about smooching? 176: Smooching Interviewer: #1 spooning? # 176: #2 yeah # 176: Spooning. Yeah Interviewer: #1 you've heard that? # 176: #2 I've heard that # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 yeah. # 176: {NW} Interviewer: Um what about if a if a boy asked a girl to marry him and she didn't she didn't want him then what do you say that she did to him? 176: She rejected him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if people'd just been married and you'd say they're they're just 176: Uh they're uh Interviewer: Or they've got 176: Married. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever used anything el- other term? Or maybe an ol'- older {D: times} to 176: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 marry? # 176: I can't think now. Interviewer: Di- did you ever hear hitched? 176: What? Interviewer: Get hitched? They 176: #1 Hitched, yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: yeah Interviewer: #1 and that that # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {D: pretty often} 176: Yeah, I've heard that. Yea- yeah hitched. Interviewer: Uh let's see um 176: And then then I've heard another word say that they tied the knot. Interviewer: Tied the knot, uh-huh. Alright. these are some uh some buildings {X} what do you call a building where you keep books? Especially when you go to check out 176: Library. Interviewer: And what about when you mail a package? 176: Uh post office. Interviewer: Uh what about where you go see a play a {X} 176: Uh theatre. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um well what a woman who takes care of you in the hospital is called a 176: Head nurse? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um and what is this little um thing called up here across from the Big James Supermarket? {X} 176: Uh the uh the um depot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh if uh if there were an open place in a city where there was green grass and trees were growing what what would you refer to this {X} 176: They'd call that a park. {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh have you ever heard it referred to or or heard of a a town square or a 176: #1 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 public square? # 176: a public square, a Interviewer: #1 They used to # 176: #2 town square # Interviewer: have those? 176: Yeah, uh-huh. Interviewer: Um let's see this is kinda hard to explain um if there's a a vacant lot at the corner and you go across it instead of around it on the sidewalk then you're walking 176: Jaywalking. Interviewer: Jaywalking. Uh-huh. And what about if two things are kind of at an angle to each other you say they're um I don't think I'm gonna be able to explain this have do you ever use kitty-cornered? catty-cornered? 176: Catty-cornered. Interviewer: #1 Catty-cornered? # 176: #2 Yeah # Catty-cornered. Interviewer: And what does that mean to you? 176: #1 Well it's not, it doesn't come right # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: together. Interviewer: But it's it's Catty-cornered? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It's not square. Interviewer: It's not uh-huh. Um well what um were things that they used to have in cities to go around on that before they had buses? Um maybe they were on tracks 176: Trolley cars. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Let's see and uh if you are an F.B.I. agent then you're working for the 176: The government? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what are the police in a town supposed to maintain? They're supposed to maintain 176: Order. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh have you ever heard of another term for in other words just 176: #1 For the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: policemen? Interviewer: Or well a catch term for, they're supposed to maintain um what and order? Have you ever heard of blank and order? Or um a political c- candidate who wants the police to get tougher says he's for 176: Uh law and order? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Um let's see if two people become members of a church you'd say they 176: Came together? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or they what the would you refer to it any way else if they become members of a church? 176: I don't understand. Interviewer: Um if they stayed and uh they decide to to become members of say your church then on one Sunday morning they would 176: Join the church. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um who is the enemy and the opposite of God? What's his name? 176: The Devil. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what do you call a house where it's real dark and lonely and there's tales about it and there's supposed to be little things flying around? Do what do the scary kind of a house is a 176: Haunted house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what is in the haunted house supposedly? 176: Uh ghosts. Interviewer: Well I I'm {D: John} Daniel. and and Ms Hayford {D: Georgia} interviewing me {B} And um let's see, what address is this? {NS} {B} {NS} Okay and uh how old are you? 176: Seventy-three. Interviewer: Alright and where were you born? 176: In Appling County. It was before Jeff Davis was formed, I've always lived in {X} {D: County.} Except when you see Jeff Davis was formed in nineteen oh five. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What city was that called then? Was it called was it was it just in the county or was it 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Is # Hazlehurst a city then? 176: No. No. No it wasn't. Uh I don't remember now what it was uh the first original name before it was named Hazlehurst. I can't remember right now, just you know just Interviewer: #1 {D: You} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: going Baxter {X} 176: #1 No no Baxter was the uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: uh county seat of Appling County. And then when they made Jeff Davis county why uh Hazlehurst was Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 you know the m- # Interviewer: {X} 176: become Interviewer: I wonder how they got that name? 176: Um there was a man that was working on the railroad running the uh built the railroad, {X} the Southern Railroad and his he was a head of that and he uh was name was Hazlehurst. So they named the the uh county seat Hazlehurst. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: For him. Interviewer: Yeah. {D: Knew old name} but I never knew that {NW} um let's see well your occupation now {C: microphone feedback} 176: #1 Farming. Farming, and then uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: uh I'd say uh fertilizer dealer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: At one time. Interviewer: Was that your husband's business? 176: Yes. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um and you're what religion? 176: A Baptist. {NS} {NS} {C: microphone feedback} {NS} Interviewer: Okay well um {NS} now onto the education, how old where you when you started school? 176: Six. Interviewer: Six. And what was that? First grade? 176: Yeah. First grade. Interviewer: Didn't have kinder- 176: Didn't have any kindergarten then. Interviewer: Uh what do you remember the name of the school? 176: Oak grove. Interviewer: Oak grove, a- and it was one- 176: One-teacher school. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: One-teacher school and had all had up to the seventh grade Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 in the # one s- one room Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 and I just # Interviewer: {D: called all} 176: All the grades. They had one in Interviewer: About how many students in each school? 176: Well they be somewhere around twenty to thirty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Somewhere Interviewer: {X} How many first graders where there when you were there? 176: Well I had I don't remember but it was a good many and I'd say to ten Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: First graders. Interviewer: And she'd teach teach all and give y'all some subjects to do or some work to do and 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {D: them other grades} 176: And and we had blackboards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: We sure had chalk and she'd put up there what she wanted us to write you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: She'd put put it down and then we'd learn to write that. Interviewer: And what did y'all have {NS} {D: to do} paper or what what did y'all 176: We had slates. Interviewer: Slates? 176: Slates. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What'd you use to write with? 176: With a with a a it was a pencil that you wrote on the slate with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It was that {NS} made out of something that you made when you mark, it'd it'd write. Interviewer: How {X} #1 {X} # 176: #2 Well I don't know # Interviewer: what the {X} 176: I don't know, it was anyway, it would make white on the slate. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And it could be a writing? 176: Yeah {X} Interviewer: Okay. 176: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh did y'all have desks? Or 176: No, we had just benches. {D: Yeah.} Interviewer: Uh 176: {NS} Interviewer: And uh how how was the classroom {X} the younger students up front and the older ones in the back? Or what? 176: No we sit just most of 'em, the boys and girls all sit right uh everywhere, you know? Just anywhere. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What time did school start? 176: At eight o'clock. Interviewer: And what time did y'all get out? 176: Four. Interviewer: And what about a lunch break? {NS} 176: Well we had an hour for lunch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} um {NS} {NS} Did would you go home for lunch? Or did you 176: No we had, we carried our lunch in um pales, buckets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh in those times we didn't have light bread to make sandwiches so we had biscuit. And um we had um plenty of syrup and sausage and and all kinds of meats and stuff and my mother would fix, take a biscuit and um put butter in it and then she would pour syrup in there and that would make our sweets. Make us a syrup biscuit. Put butter in it. And we'd have sausage, she'd make uh put sausage in between bread and {NS} {X} steak and {X} you know. All kinds of meats, ham and uh we had plenty of that at home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: We didn't have any uh any store-bought stuff then, not in those years. You see we had mostly was um what we raised at home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's my favorite. 176: {NS} Interviewer: {X} 176: No it was nothing like what we had what we Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 have today. # Interviewer: {X} um where where would they would you eat inside the schoolroom? 176: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: No, we went outside and sit on logs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And ate our lunch. Interviewer: {D: came around} what that was just around school? 176: Yeah yeah. Yeah we had it around school and they had a well. Had to draw the water up out of the well. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: who did the teacher do um the maintenance of the school building? {X} 176: #1 No the trustees, # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: they had trustees in the community at that time and the trustees looked after the school building and they furnished, they had a wood stove in the in you know inside out in the middle of the school building. And they furnished the wood. They hauled wood up for them, the boys would cut it up and bring it in and that's what we had to for heat. {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # got to the other {X} and take of them those during the day? 176: #1 Yeah, yeah, yeah, # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: all the doors would have to they brought in the wood and then looked after th- and when they needed to put more wood in, they did. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh and what about sweeping in the school room or the 176: Well we had uh times you know, there'd be maybe two or three or maybe four that moved it, two boys to move the boy benches and the girls done the sweeping. Interviewer: You'd take care of that. 176: {D: Care of that} yeah. Have it a a Interviewer: #1 about a week # 176: #2 we could just # Interviewer: or what? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 176: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And did the little ones do just as much 176: #1 No, the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: little ones didn't have to do it then. Interviewer: {NS} how would {X} 176: Well I'd say they'd be about twelve fourteen years old. Interviewer: Um how far did you have to walk to school? Or did you {X} 176: Well we had it was a mile and a half, a mile and a half, so we drove a buggy, we got in the buggy and um drove the horse to school. Interviewer: Now when you were little did you have have any friends who {X} 176: Well there was eight of us Interviewer: And y'all all'd go to school? 176: Yeah we all went #1 to school. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} grade? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Huh. 176: Of course now there was some uh that my oldest sister uh two older sisters were uh when I started school they were had already finished you see, I they decided they'd teach out there and they were both off at school when I started school. Interviewer: Where did they go? 176: They went to um Douglas. Interviewer: {NS} {X} 176: And my oldest sister went to Macon and she finished high school there. And then my next sister, she went to Douglas and finished high school there. Interviewer: Where those county high schools? Or 176: Yeah. {X} {NS} she boarded over there and went to school, finished in school. Interviewer: Now uh how far what was the last grade that you attended? That you went to school? 176: Out in the I in the country out there I went to the seventh grade. Interviewer: And then did you 176: Then I went to Douglas and finished high school and uh then I went to two years to college. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where? where did you 176: {D: went} Douglas. Interviewer: {X} 176: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS} {X} uh it wasn't South Georgia? The 176: #1 No, no,no it was uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Georgia normal. And you went to teachers took a teacher's course after you finished high school. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Took a teacher's course. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} for the two years? 176: For the two years, and then when I finished that why then I started teaching. Interviewer: And did you get a certificate? Or 176: Yeah yeah I got a certificate. Interviewer: What about a {X} the courses used to be a teacher didn't have to have any kind of teachers {X} or did you take the 176: Yeah I had uh you had to stand examination with the um court or the um kinda school superintendent. You had to go and stand a test there before you taught. Interviewer: Well now did you specialize in any field teaching? Or would you just then teach all grades? 176: {NS} No I now I didn't sp- no I didn't specialize in any, they didn't have no special Interviewer: {X} 176: #1 there # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: at that time. Uh I taught uh the fourth grade out in Coffee County, my first school. Interviewer: Uh-huh. About what year was that? 176: Nineteen eighteen. Interviewer: Wow {D: that got's} right out of the war, wasn't it? 176: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Um when uh then uh by then they had their grades divided up? 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 That must've # 176: #2 they had # Interviewer: been a large school 176: Yeah, that was a large school, that was a still a school out in Coffee County and they had four teachers at that time. {NS} And um the fourth grade was one of the largest grades. Interviewer: {D; Have you had} 176: I mean had more peoples in it. Interviewer: So that's why you just had 176: #1 I had # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: the fourth grade, yeah it had the most peoples in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How many years {D: did you finish?} 176: Uh I taught there two years and then I taught uh four years in Je- Jeff Davis. I taught two years before I married and then after I married I taught two more years. Interviewer: Uh what school {D: was it in Jeff Davis?} 176: Yeah it was a it was a country school, it was uh you know {D: Yengling} back out on the Bell Telephone Road Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then you taught two years after you married? 176: Yeah. Yeah I taught two years after I married. And then I was a substitute teacher after they um uh made the conso- consolidated the schools? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh that school went to {D: Denton} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh so then they asked me to sub- be a substitute teacher for 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And I did for one year after that. But I quit, I didn't Interviewer: {D: Did you now?} Well did you uh {NS} {D: I'm sorry had} children {X} 176: I had one one daughter. {NS} Interviewer: Um let's see um, what about your husband how far did he go in school? 176: Well he went about the seventh grade, I don't think he went any further than the seventh grade. Interviewer: And {X} your what about your mother and father, how far did they go in school? 176: Well I I don't know, don't think that um they they didn't go very far {X} say about the fifth or sixth Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 grade # about about as high as they went. Interviewer: But of course that would have been back in well what the eighteen hundreds? 176: Yeah. Yeah, that's when in the eighteen hundreds. Interviewer: About when when was your mother born? 176: Uh eight- uh she was born in eighteen and eighty-three. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what did your um father do for a living? 176: Well he was a farmer. And raised stock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What what did he raise? What what kinda 176: Cows and hogs. Of course it was different from what way they raise 'em now. He owned a big uh a lot of Swamp land next to the Omaha River? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh he they would just run {D: around in} they just went wild out there, you know? Interviewer: He'd just keep 'em pinned? Or 176: No, he didn't keep 'em penned, he just go down and get 'em whenever he he wanted to put some in the field. {NS} And uh the cows the same way, they uh got a lot of there was a lot of growth in there Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {D: you see} # 176: And uh they uh would get their livelihood there until the winter come and then he would have to feed 'em. And uh we grew a lot of cotton there and he'd take have the cotton seed uh he'd {NW} they had a mill here and it they took the oil out of 'em Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then he got the uh hulls and the meal and he take it back home and then they mixed that and fed the cows during the winter. And saved a lot of fodder which is the corn uh leaves off of the corn, they saved that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh stored it and have the feed them. Let it cure in the field. {NS} And then they store it, you know? {X} Interviewer: {X} that's what you were uh we were talking about the other day? {NS} Um 176: #1 {D: They pull those} # Interviewer: #2 The one with # the road? 176: Yeah. Yeah they pull it they pulled this fodder off of it, it's uh it's the blades o- off of the cornstock. And then they would uh get a handful and then they'd hook it behind the ear of corn to to let it cure. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Get ripe, and then they'd go in there and take those hands and make a {NS} a {NS} bundle they'd call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And tie that up and then uh they would take pile those bundles and then take a rope and tie 'em and tote 'em out because they didn't want to knock the corn down to go in that hole in there. Interviewer: And and that was {X} 176: Feed for the animals, yeah for this the um cows and the mules. At that time you see they farmed all the together with mules. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh had to have Interviewer: {X} no- nothing like those {D: carriers} now where they have tractors 176: No no no no tractors, it was all mules and horses Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: that they done all the farming with and uh hauling and everything. Interviewer: Well now where were the animals kept? Uh {D: would they} 176: #1 Well they # Interviewer: #2 {X} # for the night when they 176: Well they were {D: nuh} we had a a huge uh lot they called it, but it was covered. And they kept the cow- the uh mules and horses in there and then they have stables all around that. And each one had a stable to stay in to eat, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know. # 176: And then on the i- in i- right down the center they had this big trough that you you put this uh dry stuff in, you know that's cured and all. Fodder and all. Put that in there for 'em to eat and they'd eat on that almost all the time {D: that they kept this} {NS} and the cows now, we didn't have a shelter for them, they stayed out in the f- in the fields and then they had a big lot and they'd bring 'em in at night you know and feed 'em at night with this cottonseed meal and hulls. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well now this lot that you said was covered, what how was it covered? What 176: What, for the mules? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Well it was just uh just like a big warehouse {NW} you know it was had a top on it. {NS} Interviewer: But no sides? No 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 yeah it was yeah # it had sides, yeah, yeah. It had sides. It was enclosed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But it was not closed tight you know, it had n- cracks in it and all. Interviewer: Um 176: Now you asked me about uh my father's occu- occupation, he uh farmed and then he um uh {NS} cut timber and he had to ne- there was no way to get it in where all the {D: the haul it to the} river and um he they call it raft. They would I don't know how they'd fasten those logs together and then they carried them down the Altamaha River down to Darien and sold 'em. Interviewer: {D: Down the river?} 176: And he did that in the wintertime. Interviewer: {D: Would that} {X} somebody somebody'd get on top of 'em? Or 176: Yeah yeah yeah. Interviewer: Like a 176: #1 Yeah just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: like a big uh boat or something, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 they'd just # have all these, they'd cut 'em and and they'd carry 'em to the river. And they had someway I I never did go to see it but I {NS} heard him talking about {D: it you know?} Interviewer: That 176: And then they carried their uh food with 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And it took 'em several days to to carry that down the river. All those logs you see, maybe they'd have two rafts and there'd be two and they'd have um they had to guide 'em. Interviewer: Uh- 176: #1 huh. # Interviewer: #2 To # 176: keep 'em from going to the banks. Interviewer: What'd they do? Just 176: They used uh uh nu- uh long poles. Yeah. To balance.. Interviewer: And there'd have to be how many men I guess would be on the raft? 176: Well I'd I'd think they'd be about four men that done the work besides the one that looked after the telling them what to do, you Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 know? And # carrying it on Interviewer: #1 I wonder # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: about how long the logs would have been. 176: Well I'd I wouldn't couldn't tell you that, they were there was some of 'em pretty long because they they carried they carried them on down the river. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well now would they stop over on the bank at night? Or would they get 176: #1 Yeah I guess # Interviewer: #2 {D: they get out} # 176: I I don't remember about that, hearing them talk about that. Um I imagine they had to, they would have Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 to # 176: stop, you know. And they they could get it up to the bank you know and {D: may and} put those poles down to make it stationary. Interviewer: And then they'd take 'em to Darien? 176: Darien, yeah. Interviewer: What was there? {X} 176: Well they had uh they bought the logs there. You know for lumber and they had a mill and all tho- Interviewer: How did they get back? get back here to {X} 176: #1 Well there was somebody # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: went went to Darien with a with a mule and wagon Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: to bring 'em all back and bring their uh what they took with 'em. Yeah. Interviewer: How how man- how many days would it take 176: Oh it'd take sometimes two weeks before they'd get back. Interviewer: Gosh, really? 176: It may be about two weeks before they get back. Interviewer: And if {D: he did extra to} {X} 176: Yeah he done that in the wintertime. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Yeah he did that in the wintertime {X} and he'd have to uh {NW} when they'd they'd come a uh the river would rise you know? And all of this la- swamp land would get covered in water. {NS} then um he'd have to go and get the {D: horse} and hogs out of the swamp Interviewer: Yeah. 176: to keep them from drowning because they would get on little islands and uh so they'd have to go there and get those and and bring 'em out until the water went back down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh were were there any special kinds of {X} 176: In the wintertime when they you know in the spring the most of the time when they big rains would come, you know? And fill up the the rivers'd be full and Interviewer: Did this happen every year? 176: No, not Interviewer: #1 {D: they'd have a} # 176: #2 every year # Interviewer: was it just 176: no it was just whenever they they call 'em freshes then you know, they'd say it was fresh was on and they'd have to get the stock out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's when the river would {D: rise} 176: Well the river would rise and we'd have a lotta rain and all the um the lakes in the in all in the swamp you see, would get filled up Interviewer: #1 {D: Uh-huh.} # 176: #2 with water. # 176: And uh then there'd be little islands and the stock would get on those places where it wasn't any water and they couldn't get any food or anything so they'd have to go get 'em. Interviewer: What would they get 'em in? 176: In boats. Interviewer: In boats? 176: Yeah. {X} tie 'em down the hogs and bring 'em out {NS} and they'd have a wagon out out on the edge you know where they could load 'em on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about um how how'd y'all {X} did y'all have chickens on 176: Yeah I had plenty of chickens and turkeys and and uh cows to milk. Interviewer: {X} 176: And made butter. Interviewer: {D: Okay} now um what about the what was there someone around or did did each of you do your own milking and cow- 176: #1 Oh well we did # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: yeah we did the Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 milking # Interviewer: {D: fresh lies} 176: No no we did the milking by hand. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: We did the milking by hand. Interviewer: So the the {X} dairy products you 176: #1 No, no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: no dairy products at that time. And we had uh a churn, big old churn you know, it would hold about two gallons or three. And it had a a thing and it had a a the top on it had a hole. And there was a long uh handle to it and then it had four uh pieces on there which made the {NS} thing that made the i- the to m- churn the milk with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And you just done that up and down in the jug, in the uh Interviewer: Churn? 176: Yeah, it was made out of uh copper stuff, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 176: And uh Interviewer: How long would it take to now this is to make butter? 176: Yeah that's to make Interviewer: #1 make butter? # 176: #2 butter. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How long would it take to {X} 176: #1 well it's # Interviewer: #2 churn # 176: {X} sometimes it wouldn't take so long Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Just according to how old the cream was. Interviewer: Um 176: Took longer with the lo- real fresh cream. To make the butter. Interviewer: Is that where you just poured the cream in the 176: #1 Poured the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: cream in the churn. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And start churning? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 176: Start beating it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {D: you know} # just do this uh handle up and down in that hole that's in there and that was to keep it from spattering Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 176: #2 you see # when this Interviewer: {X} 176: Yeah. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um and they had you chicken {D: up against your egg} 176: Yeah yeah I had plenty of chickens Interviewer: #1 and # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the ends uh 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: eat} # 176: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: food} um 176: now we cured he uh my father cured all of our meat um {NS} the {NS} he killed the maybe five or six big hogs at the time and then he'd um my mother she made uh used the uh intestines to make uh sausage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: You didn't, there was no um bought uh stuff then that you'd get to make 'em and she had to make 'em out of that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh she always would save 'em and uh put 'em in salt. Interviewer: #1 Dry # 176: #2 {X} # 176: I let 'em salt salt 'em down good and then um we had a big smokehouse, it was huge thing and they smoked the meat and dried it out. And then he had a big box when it got dried then he'd put this meat in that box when it was cured. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} 176: And we had meat year-round. Interviewer: Um what kinda box {X} 176: Well it was after he built the box it was tied, it was built with an it had a leg kinda like a freezer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh no insects could get in there to it you Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 see. # Interviewer: huh. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And the beef he'd always kill you know a beef and and he'd um uh cut it up and salt it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then he would take it and um well if it didn't have too many strings, he used bear grass. And it it's a it's a strong thing that grows in the woods Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and you just go and cut you down a heel of that and um then you could s- strip it and make a string and that's what they used to hang the meat with Interviewer: {D: how} 176: #1 and that # Interviewer: #2 {D: made it} # strong? 176: It was strong and you hung the meat on there made a hole in the ham uh in the leg part and put that bear grass in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And hung and tied it and then hung it on a stick. And then hang it up in the smokehouse. And so that's where he did the y- uh he salted it down first and then when he took it out of the salt then ya put it on the s- and hang it up, wash it, wash all the salt off there so he did the beef like that and but he hung the beef outside in the sun and it dried. And when it got dried out then uh then you could pack that away. Interviewer: Uh would insects wouldn't insects 176: #1 Well we didn't have # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 we # Interviewer: #2 around or # 176: we didn't have any insects to {D: map} anything at that time. Once in a while there'd ba- be some flies that would get on it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 but # 176: always looked it to see if there's anything on it you know before we'd put it away and that made the best uh stew beef and the best steak that you ever eaten. Uh it made the prettiest brown gravy, you just you just eat it {X} {NW} Interviewer: {X} 176: Yeah it was really good. Interviewer: {NW} now what about the uh entrails? You said your momma took the en- #1 trails and she # 176: #2 Yeah, sh- # 176: she saved them to make sauce. Interviewer: How did she go about making sauce? 176: Well they um she had to after she s- put 'em down in salt, let 'em stay I don't know I don't remember how long but then she would take 'em out of there and wash 'em good after sh- she done washed 'em good before she put the salt Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 in them. # 176: And then she peeled it out. There was a inside and a outside of that intestine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then she peeled that inside out And she used the outside to stuff the sausage in. Interviewer: What uh what would go in the stuffing besides 176: Well uh beef and pork and uh and pepper and sage which she grew. Interviewer: Wow. 176: She grew her own sage and she made that her own pepper. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And we ground that up, we had a grinder and we ground up the uh pepper and sage she'd always put it in the stove and let it get real dry you know? And then you could just grind it up right quick. She had a sausage grinder and it- and had several uh plates on there that you could put in one for fine anything's grind fine like that you know? And that's what she used. Interviewer: Now what about um your bread and vegetables? Do you grow them? 176: Grew all of our veg- vegetables and we had uh the corn was carried to the mill and and ground and uh meal and grit. Our grits and meal were ground at this mill. Interviewer: Right there in {D: Juan Harris} County? 176: Yeah yeah there was one in the county, we had there was one out at {D: Grimm} where we used to take of the Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 corn. # 176: And they'd always take about uh triple bushels at the time so we wouldn't have to grow something. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh did they charge you to ground it? 176: They took a toll out of it. They took so much Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 that they # 176: of the meal or the grits as a toll for grinding the grinding it. Interviewer: Wow. {NS} {X} pay. 176: No, he didn't have to pay anything he just {NS} you know they took a toll out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about the {NS} bread did your momma'd make the bread? 176: Yeah she made the biscuit and uh well she'd have some old waffle irons Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and sometimes she would make some waffles. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um what about your syrup? {NS} 176: Yeah {D: they had} plenty of syrup, made lots of cane, grew grew the cane. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And we'd just have barrels of syrup. {NS} And uh made the brown sugar. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They had a barrel a large barrel that they'd fill up with this {NS} syrup that they'd already you know they'd cooked the syrup and put it in there and then I I I {NS} they put a there had something on there like a you'd pour it in the barrel and it had a faucet like and that dripped out the molasses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then there was a trough that that molasses run down and went into another barrel. And uh so when they got uh when it got all dripped out then you had this {NS} pretty brown sugar. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You didn't have any {D: prop white?} 176: No no white sugar hon- no no Interviewer: #1 When was the first that # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you had {D: saw the} 176: Well the white sugar uh my daddy would go to uh Savannah once in a while, about twice a year and buy a barrel of coffee. Uh it was not ground you know, it was just green coffee. A barrel of coffee and a barrel of sugar and a barrel of flour, maybe two or three barrels of flour. Uh and uh he just {NS} things like that is what he he'd bring back. {NS} He had a two-horse wagon and then it took him a long time {NW} maybe a week to go to Savannah and back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And get what he had to have. And then he left uh we had what we call a commissary uh that what he put all the stuff in there and then the people around us that lived the nearest they'd come and buy some of those meal and I mean uh flour and sugar and coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now when he didn't go just for y'all 176: #1 no the # Interviewer: #2 {D: but he went for} # the whole community? 176: Yeah. Well he when he'd make the trip he'd always bring because it was so far he'd always bring a lot you know {NS} so we we could divide with the with the neighbors, the people that didn't weren't able to go over there. Interviewer: #1 What # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: about if y'all ran out? Did did you ever run out or did he get enough? I mean 176: Well he always got enough to last until Interviewer: #1 before # 176: #2 {X} # he went back again. Interviewer: And he'd go back before you ran out? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: And it worked out} about two times a year? 176: About twice a year I think that he went {NS} to Savannah to get this {NS} and it was all in barrels. Interviewer: Um what now the the commissary, would they be at the house? Or 176: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # or be 176: No it was outside. It was um about a hundred and fifty yards from the house I'd guess, that's about how many yards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {C: } and it was just a what? a 176: Well it was a house and he um {NS} it was in it, it had steps that you'd grow up in it {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh and he put that stuff in there and of course they always kept it locked up. {NS} And um he had shelters on each side and put the buggy on {C:} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And {C:} {D: had a} {C:} the other shelter and Interviewer: {D: and just rent a} {C: } {X} 176: {D: one around} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh-huh. It was big it was a big belt big room Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 was a # huge room, kept other things in there besides that {X} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 176: {X} {X} {D: sweep} {X} and bank 'em and uh {X} uh dig a hole {X} place and fill it full of straw and then put the cover them with straw and then put {X} and th- with the {D: potatoes too} Interviewer: {D: people think} 176: {X} you dig 'em and let 'em kinda dry out before you {X} {X} we called 'em banks you know, it was a bank of potatoes, a bank of {X} Interviewer: Well what when you {D: need a ton} you'd just go out 176: Just go out there and dig a hole right in the just uh dig a hole in that dirt and just Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh it was on the south side so that it wouldn't be so cold Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know and # it was still good and tight and my daddy built shelves and uh {NW} it had a {D: that had} pieces across the board across to keep the jar from falling out. And you set the jars in that in that all the way around it was uh shelves you know Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 to put the # food on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh she canned a lotta my mother canned a lotta lotta we had uh peaches and pears and uh apples and we had uh we had cherry trees and uh we had pecans, but they were not the big kind, they were this all the small kind. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And we had walnut trees and we'd crack walnuts at night and uh around the fire. Interviewer: {X} 176: and uh she'd put u- them up in jars and put 'em in this fruit house. #1 They'd # Interviewer: #2 They # 176: use. Interviewer: that's just where they stored all the canned 176: #1 yeah, uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 canned fruits? # 176: That's where we put all Interviewer: Um did y'all plant all food then when you 176: Well Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 they # they planted 'em I guess, my father and mother did uh my grea- my grandfather and grandmother lived at this house, you see, my father bought that old {X} We continued to live there. Interviewer: Um about how {D: old was the house?} 176: Well I the house I imagine was about a hundred and fifty years old when we left it. #1 There the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: {X} my daddy built a new house Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 and uh # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: That was in nineteen and five. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} And uh well now um well about the house how many stories? 176: Two stories. Interviewer: Two stories? 176: It had two stories. It had it was a had a porch all the way around two sides. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then we had uh uh had two had four rooms upstairs and there was uh four rooms downstairs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And a big hall, open hall there was no doors it was just open. It went down to the living room, downstairs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um we had a {D: potter} on one end uh one {D: but} room we used as a {D: potter} that was where the organ was and we had uh I believe there was a bed in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And some chairs, rockers and uh then upstairs, we had two bedrooms downstairs and and uh wa- upstairs was three bedrooms but they used one it my grandmother had the old spinning wheels and the looms and everything was in one room Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and we didn't ever use that room, we just left all this uh stuff in there because she had several spinning wheels and uh those took up a lotta room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And that's what she my grandmother used when she made all their clothes, she uh spun the thread and dyed it and uh Interviewer: {NW} 176: made the made the even the pant. And she knitted the socks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh my mother helped to do all that too when she was course she was young when she married and but she learnt she did all that too, she helped 'em with the and she knew how to run the spinning wheel {D: run the} little looms and everything to make the thread and and then to weave it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: She knew how to weave it. Interviewer: And ya'll had all this in this room? 176: Yeah had it all in that room. Well now you see my daddy bought out the um my grandmother's estate and paid of all that and everything. We at that time before he bought that we were living in a- nother house that was on this s- on this estate Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you see. # 176: Well then when my daddy bought out all the heirs and he uh we moved into this big house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well I guess uh it um how many acres did your grand- did your grandparents have when they were 176: Well they had about um four lots. Four lots of land. And then my daddy bought some more uh after he had paid this off while he bought more land and he owned about six lots of land when he died. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um did uh now where where there any um now you said there were two stories. 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Did # did you have uh a story and a story? {X} like at the top? 176: {D: we had} Interviewer: top of the house? Or 176: You mean closets and all? Interviewer: well closets and things 176: No there's no closets in the house. Interviewer: No? 176: No, no closets. Interviewer: #1 And what # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: would you do to keep the clothes in? 176: Well we just uh um maybe my mother would um put a string up, a wire and hang the clothes on that and she'd cover it with a sheet to keep dust and all from getting on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: Uh-huh.} 176: And there there was no what we she hung 'em on was sticks. She'd take a stick and and put a wire on it and hang it up. Interviewer: {D: And no you hung it} 176: There wasn't no clothes hangers, no I ne- I never had no clothes hangers at that time. Interviewer: {X} Um what about uh was there now the house, was it sitting on was there a foundation to the house? Or 176: It was blocked with wood blocks, it was on wood blocks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And the kitchen was built off from the house and it had {X} back end of the house, that was before they had stoves when that was built. And the kitchen was built off and then there was a walkway built and it was covered that you'd go from the house to the kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um and it went out on the porch and then this what it went from the porch out to the kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And at the end of the kitchen was a huge fireplace that they used to cook in before they got a stove. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um and in wo- in one room they uh my father was a my grandfather was a postmaster and at that time there was no post office any closer than Baxley. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um so he had a post office there in that house. It was a good-sized room and he had the pigeon holes place for put everybody's mail and they came there on horseback to get their mail. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um so that's what that room was used for. And then this big kitch- en was all{NS} {D: together} it was you had your uh table which was homemade Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and your chairs was all homemade, made outta hickory. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the ch- chair seats was made out of cow hides. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh they tanned 'em and then s- stretched 'em while they were wet and uh tacked tacked 'em on there, nailed 'em on onto this uh wood and it was made outta hickory. And the 176: And then the the men made the chairs and the tables and things like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then they built this big fireplace, had uh hooks that you hang the uh pots and things on to cook Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 in. # Interviewer: Um what you know and you uh you chopped your wood to do 176: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: yeah we had fireplaces and all we'd use wood had fireplace uh downstairs and in um and uh then I had a stack um chimney in one in between the bedrooms, they had a stack chimney. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um at the end of the house I had one big uh in the living room where what we called we called a {D: potter} at that time. Interviewer: {D: Okay} 176: And it was just one single, and you had a fireplace upstairs and you had a fireplace downstairs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now the part of this that the the- were y'all use that like a {X} {D: room} would stay 'em together even in the evenings? Or would that 176: #1 No, no. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: No that was uh that was when they had special occasions Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 and # 176: and when we had company uh come in and maybe somebody come in to spend the night and they'd sleep in Interviewer: #1 That's # 176: #2 there. # Interviewer: what 176: #1 they # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 like guest # Interviewer: room. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh what what pieces of furniture {D: would you} {X} 176: Well they were mostly just chairs that were made Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know # that was homemade. Uh they put would put uh cushions in the chairs and maybe a ruffle {NS} on that cushion and and the chair looks nice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um and you said there was an organ? 176: Yeah organ yeah. Interviewer: {D: Okay well} 176: It was one of those uh regular old-timey organs Interviewer: #1 {D: Did you} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: a pump that you had to 176: Yeah you had to Interviewer: #1 pump # 176: #2 pump it. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah you had # 176: #2 {X} # to pump the organ. Interviewer: Did you play it? 176: {X} I learned how to play that on that by ear, I learned how to play. Interviewer: Who'd you learn from? 176: Huh? Interviewer: Who did you learn it from? 176: Just sitting down and trying it Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 just picking out tunes # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 176: #2 {D: and fair} # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um let me see and uh what about windows in the house? 176: Yeah we had they had w- shutters. They didn't have uh glass windows, they had shutters. All upstairs they had shutters and um downstairs we had s- uh they had some windows, in the parlor they had some windows. And I think, it seems to me like the best I remember there was two windows uh on the front of the house in the bedroom. {NS} Interviewer: Well in other words when you threw open the shutters there, it's just air? 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I mean there's no # 176: There was no, they you when you closed the shutter why you it was dark in there. And we used lamps in the light. Interviewer: Um let's see um well what about the uh 176: And after my daddy bought it he he got he went to Savannah and he got um he bought some windows to put in upstairs so we would have light. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: He put some windows upstairs in there but now in the kitchen he never did put any windows. Just left the {NS} like it was. Interviewer: What kinda you said you used lanterns for to see? To see by. 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # they're 176: #1 lamps. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Lamps. 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Um # {X} was there electricity, did they have electricity? 176: No. No electricity Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {NW} # No. {NS} Interviewer: And what kind of lamps where they? 176: Well uh they were uh lamps that you could take around you know. They were uh uh {D: God} I guess my daddy bought 'em in Savannah, I don't know. But most of 'em that we took around were had a handle to it and it was like a copper and you'd put your oil in that and you could take that handle and carry it and it had a globe on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And you could take it and carry it from room to room, you know it's not easy broken. Interviewer: And uh you had fireplaces in each of the rooms to put it? 176: No there wasn't a fireplace in one room but the other rooms there were all fireplaces. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Upstairs and downstairs. Interviewer: And you burned wood in 'em? 176: Yes. Burned wood. Interviewer: Um and what about the plumbing that you 176: #1 there's no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: {NW} no plumbing. Interviewer: Plumbing. 176: No plumbing Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {D: had a} # {D: gave uh} Interviewer: Had a well? 176: Had had a well. Uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh what about the bathrooms? 176: Well it had you had you took a bath in the tub and uh then you used it mostly to {D: cope} they used was a a barrel sawed half in two? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: To do the wash in. And you saw the barrel half-way and then take one end each end of it was a tub. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And he'd put some kind of handle on it, thing like to cut out a place there that you run your hand in and tote it. Carry it. Interviewer: And uh {NS} let's see um {D: you said there was ports in the hall} for lamps? 176: Right two sides. Interviewer: Two sides? 176: Yeah on the the front and then down on the other side uh on the south side there was a porch all the way on there was two sides of the house that had a porch all the way around it. And then on the back uh there was a porch that went around the parlor, back part and then coming around and {D: in} where the uh hall came down and then went down on that side of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you keep chairs or anything out on the porch? 176: Yeah, we had chairs. Rockers. Interviewer: Ro- 176: We had rockers on the porch, uh-huh. Interviewer: Um what about what kind of trees grow 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 flowers # 176: #1 well at they # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: we had uh we had good many uh different things that uh spirea was a we had those and we had the uh uh dogwood it what we we it's not the dogwood tree, it was a bush. And they called it a dogwood, it had a flower like a dogwood, it had a yellow center. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh the petals on the flowers looked like dogwood but not like the dogwood we have now. Interviewer: Oh really? 176: And we had sweet tree- sweet shrubs Interviewer: Yeah. 176: and uh and they had uh tideberry trees. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh sycamore trees Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 for shade # Interviewer: Yeah. 176: Um well did your um your uh your mother stay pretty much out of the the farm I mean Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Well yeah we l- yeah after # my father died in nineteen fourteen why she uh went ahead with the farm and stayed on there for a long, long time after he passed away in nineteen fourteen. Interviewer: Because all the work to be done {X} even though you stayed around the house you you were busy 176: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Getting done with # all the work done. 176: Getting all the work done. Interviewer: {X} um I don't think we've said about your mother how far {D: she'll be} did she go 176: She went right about I imagine about the fifth grade. Interviewer: Uh-huh. About the same as your 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 father? # 176: Somewhere about that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about your grandparents? Do uh do you remember how far in school they went? 176: No, I don't remember how far they went but my grandfather had a good education. eh- so far as uh you know long years ago they didn't have but two of the blue-back speller, blue-back speller and and then arithmetic. And he was real good, I mean he uh he learned a lots Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: whe- he he was very he had a good education so far as figuring and doing things Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 like # that, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And my father did too. Interviewer: {X} 176: And uh that they learned it mostly themselves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Not in school because they ain't learned to read and write and so they just naturally learned it. I guess through experience. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh now your your grandparents would where were they born? They must have been born around the 176: Well I I can't I can't remember that now, when they were born but uh they were uh they were raised, I mean they came to this my grandfather came from {D: Crawford} County over here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh on my father's side. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh he married my grandmother and uh she they home-steaded forty acres. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And we still have the old deed that he got {D: with the old} beeswax you know seal. Interviewer: {X} 176: That he got there at that time that's what they did, they would they would let you homestead forty acres. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um so they each one of them homesteaded forty acres a piece, which gave them eighty acres. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then they just go went to work and um um accumulated enough at that time I think that you could buy a land for twenty-five cents an acre. Interviewer: Oh goodness. {NW} 176: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 176: And uh so they when he died why they uh they owned uh a good bit of land Interviewer: {X} 176: uh he was the father of uh {D: let's see} about fifteen children because he married twice. And uh he gave each one of his children a uh so much land, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh maybe the boys he gave them a half a lot and the girls um not quite that much. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Maybe a hundred and fifty acres, something like that but he gave 'em all and gave 'em stock you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: to start off Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} 176: I asked {X} {D: for it} Interviewer: Um you said that they both homesteaded forty acres to your grandmother and your grandfather? 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 yeah # 176: #2 where # Interviewer: she could come down and homestead 176: #1 Yeah she could go yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 yeah she could # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: homestead forty acres and he could homestead Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 forty. # Interviewer: Uh now how did the homesteading work after keep it for somebody you 176: #1 No that was their's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: when they they got back to the States somehow or another the State give the deed you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They and they would let each one homestead forty acres. Interviewer: And you took the land and wor- 176: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: worked it, yeah. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And lived on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And they did and they {NS} uh uh {X} I mean a good bit of property. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh they were real thrifty and he was the first they were the first my grandfather owned the first cookstove in the {NS} {NS} {D: Harriton} Uh-huh. 176: in that in that uh county. Interviewer: What what was 176: He got it from Savannah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What kinda {D: stove} could do? 176: Well it i- it seemed like it was a home comfort {NS} best I remember it seems to me like that was the name of the stove, home comfort. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What was it made out of? It 176: Iron. Interviewer: #1 {D: Uh-huh.} # 176: #2 It was # iron. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: And what what did he burn in it? What would you put I mean what would you use to what made it {X} 176: Wood. Interviewer: Wood 176: #1 wood yeah # Interviewer: #2 {D: from the inventory?} # 176: yeah yeah we used wood. Interviewer: {X} 176: It was a wood stove. Interviewer: Because before that {X} at that time were you using the fireplace? I mean 176: #1 Yeah yeah, they had to use cook in the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: fireplace uh-huh. Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: And he was a justice of the peace uh he held court Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and he had this post office and uh my grandmother was a midwife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: At that time there was no doctors {X} at all and it was so far until she studied and an- learned to be a midwife. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And uh Interviewer: #1 I # 176: #2 so # Interviewer: wonder what she had to {NS} to do to become one? 176: I don't know what she had to do. I don't remember but but she uh she was, she was a midwife. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} 176: And she uh used she they made medicine. Interviewer: {NW} 176: uh he and my grandfather uh her and my grandfather and grandmother. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And they'd go in the woods and get dig herbs and and make medicine {D: of their own fastening} {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 and the first # one thing or another. Interviewer: This is for their own use? 176: Their own use, yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh and {D: it say} they pretty much had to take care of their own? Their own 176: #1 {D: Their yeah.} # Interviewer: #2 {{X} # 176: #1 the how # Interviewer: #2 {D: yeah} # how far, how much trouble would it be to get a doctor? 176: Oh well then then uh it was I expect about twenty miles or further to Baxley. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: To get a doctor if they if you could get one. Uh they didn't have but uh maybe one or two doc- one doctor I imagine was always there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um he couldn't just couldn't get a doctor, you know a not an emergency. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um so they used they the doctors they you know had to doctor themselves and and she was a midwife and did did that kind of work. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Um # there there weren't any hospitals ar- 176: #1 Oh no no, no hospitals at all no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} {D: How long did they take} {X} 176: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # do you remember 176: I can remember when the first hospital was built here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Dr Jim Hall came here from Douglas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh built a hospital right where the um um the uh Bank of Hazlehurst is now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Got along in there {D: went back} {X} where the post office is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Well he built a post off- I mean a Interviewer: Hospital? 176: hospital there and uh that must've been in about nineteen and ten. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Nineteen and nine or nineteen ten that he built this hospital. And that's the first hospital I ever seen. Interviewer: What did they call it? {X} 176: Jim Hall Hospital. {D: called it} Interviewer: and now it was already Jeff Davis County then? 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, cuz Jeff # 176: Jeff Davis was the mayor of the county in nineteen five. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about Hazlehurst? when was it named Hazle- when did when did there become a city in Ha- in Jeff Davis 176: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: um when did Hazlehurst become a city? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: A town you mean. Interviewer: Town. 176: Well I think they were it was already uh a small town here at that time. Uh they had put the railroads in here the Southern railroad Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh this feller Hazlehurst was the supervisor Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: of putting down the railroad. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 of # the track through here. And uh he stayed here and they {D: was} a hotel had been built before that came through. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And it was over there where the Big J supermarket is now, that's where the hotel was built. Interviewer: Right across from the um {D: depot} 176: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: just across from the depot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um so the men stayed there you know and this feller Hazlehurst stayed there at the hotel and um there was a good many, there was several stores here already before and it was uh I believe they called it Eight-and-a-half before, I don't know why they called it that but it was something uh about um lumber city to Hazlehurst. Interviewer: {X} 176: From the river to Hazlehurst, but anyway, they called it Eight-and-a-half I believe Interviewer: It it was just a a town or community? 176: Yeah it was uh {D: but} of course there was farming, you know where the cemetery is there now. That was a field. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh uh there was uh fields all where people farmed right up round Interviewer: Yeah. 176: and hogs and cows would come uptown Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 176: #2 it was just # 176: it was just uh {D: your} wood stores you Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 see # there was no brick buildings or anything at that time but after they got the railroad built why uh people began to come in and {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 and make have stores # and they built then some uh brick stores. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And but before that we had no {X} we didn't have uh courthouse or nothing like that yet. Interviewer: When was the courthouse built? 176: That I don't remember. Interviewer: {X} I wonder how long 176: #1 must've # Interviewer: #2 it may # 176: been about nineteen uh nineteen and eight or -nine, somewhere along Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 there # 176: is when the courthouse was built. Interviewer: And the {D: big 'un} the original court- 176: #1 That's the # Interviewer: #2 house # 176: #1 yeah, that's # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: the one that was built. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now did they just have you said to get some brick stores 'un- until then you had to go to other cities like to Savannah to get supplies? Or or were there some other 176: #1 Well they # Interviewer: #2 {D: small} # 176: #1 they got # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: yeah, they got uh they uh after the uh some folks moved here and built up you know, it was just a little community you might say. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: Uh but then different ones then went and the- and put up a store {X} um c- Mr Weathermay, Mr Top Weathermay he built him a store. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And built it out of brick. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh Mr Henson right where the {NS} right where the uh ice house is Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 down there # 176: well he had a a store there what he sold it just uh and also Mr Weathermay did too. Uh they sold stuff by the barrel. Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: huh. 176: Uh they wouldn't, they'd dish it out but if you wanted to buy a barrel of flour or a so is uh you know why you you bought it by the barrel. Now they had all the flour you got then and sugar was in barrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh but after it begin to get more people coming here you know and it would after they built the railroad then through Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: they did come more people to live in here and so uh they got to handling more stuff you Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 see # more uh food uh different kinds of stuff uh uh you see you could go to this place uh Mr Henson's over there and you could buy uh ready-to-wear men's clothes you Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 know? # Overalls Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 176: #2 and # 176: Brog- uh brogan shoes is what they called 'em then. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: Uh work clothes, you know, he handled that in there with his groceries and and he handled all kinds of uh uh gear for mules you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: that they had to plow with Interviewer: #1 what did he # 176: #2 he had to # Interviewer: call his store? Uh 176: General Merchandise. General Merchandise. So you could get most anything at his store. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: Used to have to buy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} {X} um well let's see um {X} {X} um the type when when did the first post office then come in {X} 176: Well that's that was after the county was it was it was made a county and um it was a very small post office and um it uh {NS} I'd say that that must've been around nineteen and ten. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: All this was} then all 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 this # happened right around after the 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 railroad # 176: #1 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 came through here. # 176: after the railroad came through why they different things you know, they {X} put the post office in. 176: And then later then they had people take mail. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It was later after that that they had mail routes, you know Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 take # Interviewer: huh. 176: Take the mail out. Interviewer: Did they have {X} what were they 176: Travel in? Horse-and-buggy. Interviewer: {X} 176: Uh-huh. Yeah they traveled in horse-and-buggy. Interviewer: How long would it take a letter to get to from um {NS} say Atlanta? {X} 176: Well it wouldn't take so long, um the routes was um they that's what they called 'em then you know Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 they # 176: the uh route was not so long and of course they had horse-and-buggy and they uh would make the route maybe uh in two days. Interviewer: Now were do you didn't get mail everyday 176: #1 No, no, no. # Interviewer: #2 didn't get it everyday? # 176: About every Interviewer: #1 every other # 176: #2 other day. # Interviewer: day. 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And of course the mail would 176: Now when they first started, I think it was once a week. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} 176: {D: About once a week that we got the mail.} Interviewer: Well now you said that your grandfather had a post office {D: out} 176: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} well now how, where would he get the mail from? 176: From Baxley. Interviewer: He he'd have to go back to Baxley 176: #1 go go to Baxley and get it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: and then bring it there and and then people would come on horseback there to get their to pick up their mail. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What was the name of the community {X} or was there a name? 176: {NS} well I I don't remember there ever being a name Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: I don't remember that. {NS} If there was a name I don't remember it. Interviewer: Where is it now? What 176: It's back in the Altamaha Section. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Back out in the it's about thirteen miles from here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now where did you move to to the city {X} to Hazlehurst? 176: When I moved to Hazlehurst? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Well now uh see when I married I moved out in the country on the other side of town. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Now I was living out in the Altamaha Section whenever I married. And uh then I moved out in the uh on the Bell telephone route Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Out towards Nicholls. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And we lived on a farm there until my husband died in nineteen and sixty four. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh then in sixty he died in January nineteen sixty four and I bought this house here Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: in uh that {X} that same year and moved up here in sixty-four. Interviewer: {D: about sometimes} 176: #1 Fifty- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: four. Interviewer: Fifty-four. 176: Yeah he died in fifty-four. And I moved up here in October in fifty-four. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And I've been living here ever since. Interviewer: And your your parents were born and uh raised in 176: Yeah in Appling County which Interviewer: {X} 176: is Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Jeff Davis now. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 {D: something} # Interviewer: #2 It would # {X} what county did they put together to 176: Uh it was Coffee County and Appling County. Interviewer: {X} 176: They took off Interviewer: Ha- 176: some off of bo- both counties and made Jeff Davis. Interviewer: Now what would is the the river is the boundary? 176: The river is the boundary, uh-huh. Interviewer: Now whi- which one of the rivers? 176: Altamaha Interviewer: {X} And also um the Ocmulgee is up here isn't it? The um 176: #1 Ocmulgee # Interviewer: #2 {X} # a between Jeff Davis and {X} i- is there no 176: Da- Ocmulgee is further on up. Now it may reach into Jeff Davis but I think I think it's Interviewer: #1 further # 176: #2 further # Interviewer: on up. 176: Further on up, uh-huh. Interviewer: {X} 176: Yeah I think it's it's on {D: Telfair} on up further up than Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Telfair there. Interviewer: Well now you s- Interviewer: When you said that you wore home sundresses during the day now what about what was your Sunday dress? 176: Well they were out of uh what they call percale. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: There was no silk or nothing like that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: those days they just had what they call percale dresses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh they were you know made and made kinda a little fancy and Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah 176: But the homespun dresses were just plain {D: you know} Interviewer: {X} 176: for us to work in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um and your school dresses, that what did they look like? Where 176: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 they # 176: They were out of the Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 percale. # Interviewer: {X} 176: But we didn't wear them after we got home we got home we'd take them off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh uh maybe uh have two and wear one one day and one the next, and we wouldn't wash 'em maybe about once a week. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Just wear 'em to school? #1 {X} # 176: #2 Yeah just wear 'em to school # keep 'em Interviewer: Keep 'em 176: Whe- we knew to keep 'em clean and not tear 'em up Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 or # mess them up. Interviewer: Did you have um anything when you were working and you {X} something, you wear anything that go over? {X} 176: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 no. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: just wore the Interviewer: Working in the kitchen or anything would you wear 176: Apron. Interviewer: {D: And wear a} 176: #1 and wear an apron # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: {D: under it} uh-huh. Interviewer: And it where they um just it comes in a loaf? Or di- what did it {D: cover} 176: #1 Cover. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 Cover, yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {D: and you made} those too? 176: Yeah, my mother made 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about you know uh shoes? Where would you go to buy shoes? 176: Well uh you that was one of the uh one of the bad thing about it we wouldn't get to go and try on the shoes, we'd just have to uh my mother and daddy would have to go and buy 'em and then bring 'em you know and uh and most of the time they were too big or {NW} Interviewer: But you'd 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 had # to wear 'em? 176: we had to wear 'em, yes. Interviewer: {NW} 176: Yeah. They're they just had to guess at what size we wear, maybe they'd measure our feet before they left. And see what they uh they'd get 'em uh large enough that they didn't hurt our {X} they'd think they wouldn't hurt our feet but they did because they were too large Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: most of the time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But we've always supplied of a pair of shoe and I can remember the first time that uh we had any um bought candy that was uh ma- my mother {X} would make candy Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know, # she put peanuts in it and we'd pull it and uh make candy like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But um I could remember the first candy that we uh had and it was uh after I was I'd say must have been about nine eight or nine years-old. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh the wh- store she had then you know and they had uh fancy candy. And uh so my mother bought some and put it in our stockings on Christmas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: That that was the first time I remember we always had in our stockings for Christmas, we always had homemade stuff, you know, cookies {NS} and that she'd make and uh {NS} stuff that she she'd make you know? Interviewer: What 176: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 what # was the candy like? Just {X} 176: Well it was uh it was fancy, it was made out like stars and it had that um uh {NW} it looked shiny you know, like the uh sugar on top {X} that's in candy? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh- 176: Well it was a sugar and sparkling you know and we thought it was just one #1 of the prettiest things that ever was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 176: {NW} we Santa Claus brought us some candy. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: You know. Interviewer: Well what else would you get for Christmas? 176: Well she'd al- she always made our dolls and things you know, to play with Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and dress 'em and uh she just sewed sewed up {D: the pack} and put cotton in 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about your brothers? What would they get? 176: Well they uh had uh there there wasn't much for them to get. Interviewer: {NW} 176: There's there was always something to wear or something you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: it was uh Interviewer: What kind of uh games did y'all play? {X} 176: Well {NS} we played different things, just uh most of the time we had to work, didn't have time to play Interviewer: #1 Really? # 176: #2 {NW} # 176: we had to play, we had to work most of the {C: laughing} time, we didn't uh have many games to didn't have no nothing like you know we have today like children Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 have today. # 176: No toys or nothing like that, we didn't have {D: only} what was homemade. Interviewer: Made things up? Just 176: Yes. Interviewer: didn't you tell me the other day that {D: y'all'd uh} play post office? 176: Yeah yeah in that old house and uh we'd you know write uh put things in there like we used coming to get our mail Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 and then # we'd have one in there that put the mail up and all that kind you know. We'd play post office and uh then we'd get up uh we'd make a playhouse and we'd use a uh old broken dishes and use broken things you know to to to put on the shelf Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 and # Interviewer: huh. 176: {D: hadn't gotten any} Interviewer: Um what about you know where where would y'all have to go to buy your dishes or where where did {D: your} momma get her get her dishes? 176: Savannah is where he where he got our first dishes. Interviewer: Now did she get those when she married? Or 176: She must have got 'em right after she married on on their trips to Savannah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And her her um silverware? She 176: Well she didn't have any silverware, she just had uh it was uh bone handles you know where there a knife I mean it was wood handles I mean, it was not bone handles, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 it was # wood handles. And they were black, I can remember them well. And um and they were steel I reckon, uh maybe uh no it wasn't steel because they would rust. Interviewer: Huh. 176: It wasn't Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 steel # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: and y'all would eat with 'em? 176: Yeah. Yeah you had to you had to keep 'em well-buffed, you know to keep 'em from rusting Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 and keep # 'em dry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Real dry. Keep 'em from rusting. Interviewer: Um what you you had all the different pieces that you needed and then you had the spoons and 176: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, had Interviewer: {D: and all} Uh what about your glasses? {D: What'd you do} 176: Well uh we had some glasses but we didn't use 'em all the time, you know, just used 'em mostly when company Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 came. # Interviewer: What would you drink out of 176: more cups. Interviewer: Cups. 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh {X} didn't you tell me 176: They were tin cups. Interviewer: tin cup? 176: tin cups Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Uh do you say {X} do uh do where was purpose {D: did you ever call coo did you ever} Kay- 176: Well I was I imagine I was about fifteen years-old before I I knew anything about tea Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh I had heard about it but I Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 hadn't ever seen any. # Interviewer: seen any, uh-huh. 176: I I {D: I was} I was fifteen or maybe over that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: before I {D: say} Interviewer: That's um hard to believe. I mean to uh you know we're so used to tea, right? And I've been you know had tea all my life 176: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: {D: Don't see the} Interviewer: People drink it so much now 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: don't they?} # 176: {X} And cold drinks she never knew nothing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 about # nothing like that. Interviewer: Oh I remember but uh where would you keep um or did your did your parents or your grandparents, where would where would uh did you keep the uh stuff now that we'd keep in the refrigerator? {X} Keep it cold, keep it from spoiling, put it 176: Put it down in the well. Interviewer: Put it in the well? 176: Put it in a jug and have a rope and tie it around the jug and make the jug down in the well to keep it cool. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And it'd be just as cool and Interviewer: {X} pull pull it back 176: Pull it back up, uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh and that was just that'd been the same well that you had to drink the water? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} 176: But you didn't make the jug go down in the water. Interviewer: Just kept it down in 176: Just lay it down so far and then tie it you know and that's Interviewer: To keep cool? 176: It'd be cool, yeah real cool. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now you said that you y'all really didn't go to very much but the church and 176: And Sunday school. Interviewer: and Sunday school. 176: Yeah my uh grandfather on my mother's side he never did learn to read or write Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and uh well she could, he learned to my grandmother had a pretty good education and she taught him how to write his name Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: but he had one of the best memories of anybody I've ever seen and he could remember my uh grandmother read read the Bible to him and he could remember. Interviewer: {X} 176: And so um he had a good many grandchildren that lived in that community Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and uh so he organized a Sunday school so that his grandchildren could go to Sunday school and learn the Bible. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And uh so we all went every Sunday Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: to this this school house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh went to Sunday school and he taught us and he could tell you uh {X} he knew it just as good as if he could read Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: just by my grandmother reading it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 to him. # 176: And he told us then and I was just a child, I mean ten or twelve years-old and he told us there was music in the air. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And he gived the scripture on it and he said that um that the Bible said before the end of time that people would go from one country to the other. As the ants on the earth. Interviewer: Huh. 176: And uh they would be fine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But it didn't dawn on me that we would have airplanes. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: But that's what it had referenced to, you know and it um that that he he c- he knew that Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 176: See he understood it but we were children and we didn't understand what he was meaning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But he said people would be going to and fro from other countries all over the world Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: uh before the end of time. Interviewer: {D: yeah} When was the first time that you ever saw an airplane? 176: well I don't remember that now {NW} Interviewer: But it was out in 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 It's # 176: been a long time uh you know Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 doesn't # seem like but uh it hasn't been too long either, has it? Since the Wright Brothers, you know Interviewer: {D: Right} 176: first flew. Seemed like the best, I I don't remember now but uh at the time that Lindbergh uh flew the ocean Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: uh we were getting the be uh paper then Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And we read about it Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {D: say} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But uh I don't remember now the first airplane that I ever saw. Interviewer: And what about a car? When was um you said you may talking about the horse-and-buggy 176: Yeah. Well uh I think that the first car that I ever saw was Dr Hall after he c- came here and did Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # 176: Well he ha- he bought a car. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And uh he had a driver, he couldn't drive it #1 so he # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: {X} come and he would go into country then out to see people Interviewer: Uh- 176: you know that was sick, that couldn't come in to the hospital. And uh that was the first car that I ever saw. Interviewer: Huh. 176: Was Dr Jim Hall, he he bought the first car that I ever saw. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {NS} {NS} uh what how did how many churches were the different denominations and of the church {X} 176: #1 that was near me # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. 176: Well there was a Methodist that was about uh three miles I guess, must have been about three miles, the Methodist church. And my grandmother u- sh- uh lived with us for a long time and she was Methodist. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Well that was on my father's side and on my mother's side uh my grandmother and grandfather were Baptist. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh {NW} so my uh mother and father and John they were Me- Baptist. And it was about five miles and we went in a two-horse wagon to church. And we had church once a month. Interviewer: Huh. 176: Once a month. Interviewer: So'd you'd read the Bible in your home? 176: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 176: And grandpa taught us {NS} he we had Sunday school every Sunday and we went and uh and he {NS} just you know he we didn't have any literature but he just taught us those thing- you know he read the script- I Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 mean he # 176: quote the scripture to us you know and tell us where it was at in the Bible and {D: for us} to take our Bibles and look it up you know and and uh he'd have us read in the scripture and all and uh he taught us. Interviewer: And uh uh the o- {X} he had a a preacher with a traveling preacher I mean 176: #1 Well he came once a month. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Yeah. Came once a month. {NS} Ah to preach. {NS} Interviewer: And he uh {D: they made} were there any uh different preachers that were there 176: #1 No just # Interviewer: #2 different # churches #1 {X} # 176: #2 Now there # was a primitive Baptist about a mile-and-a-half, a mile-and-a-half. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh we went there sometimes and we went uh with grandma up to the Methodist church Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 sometimes. # 176: But they'd none had it only once a month. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They didn't have services only once a month but they'd have Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Saturday # Saturday night and Sunday. And Interviewer: What what about when uh someone died {D: how} {X} 176: Well they had the they they had to build a casket {X} you see they had to make the caskets and and uh they uh uh carried the body to the casket to the cemetery with the Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Wagon, you know? # And took it with a wagon. And they used {X} put wood you know and lumber and made the casket and most people that uh did that kind of work, they kept the lumber on hand. That was wide enough, the boards you know, they'd have it sawed and put up and save it. Have it up in a loft Interviewer: #1 {D: Uh-huh.} # 176: #2 like? # 176: And save it and then when somebody died, why they pu- built the casket. And they used cotton to line in there and they'd use some kind of cloth you know to for the lining Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: to cover the cotton up {X} and they'd tack it in there. Interviewer: {NS} and uh would a a preacher or someone come out to conduct the service? 176: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Would you have # 176: funeral services? Interviewer: yeah they'd have they'd have 176: #1 services # Interviewer: #2 {X} uh-huh. # 176: uh-huh. Interviewer: Um {NS} what about um any kind of {D: did the} would you have any kind of parties or anything at school with a big uh what kinda social events 176: #1 Well they # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 176: uh usually have uh at the end of school Interviewer: Yeah. 176: they'd have uh uh uh you know they they'd have uh speeches I mean the children would have to say things, you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: different Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: uh things and they'd have what they call dialogs at that time. Uh one'd say you know have some part and another one another part and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and it always {X} in the daytime, they didn't have it at night. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And then once a year uh we always uh had a a picnic dow- down at the river. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: We'd go to the river and have lemonade and {NS} uh have a picnic. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Carry out a lunch and {D: it's put down} just a bunch everybody you know {X} you know it was just we would have them. Enjoy it Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # fry or something like that, you know. Interviewer: Would it be something with school or was it just if you work at the 176: No just the community. Interviewer: {X} 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Yeah just the Sometimes it they'd be better tha- in the school you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Instead of having a a program at the school that they'd just have a picnic Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know. # Interviewer: Um {NS} did where there uh did school have a bell or anything that the teacher'd ring to call you at school or did you just 176: No we just went, they had a bell inside. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: That she that the teacher would ring when your time for you to come in Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: or time for you to go out. She would have to line up to go in and uh nobody rang, you had to just go and Interviewer: And {X} 176: {D: straight on} Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Oh goodness. Uh {NS} how would the uh talking about the river um how {X} did you ever get any fishing? Any 176: No I never did do any fishing, my daddy used to uh to keep out baskets put out baskets to catch fish in? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And he did a lot of fishing and a lot of hunting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: He he was great hunter and a fisher. And uh but um I never did. Interviewer: #1 What kind of # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: fish did he catch? 176: Well he'd get uh catfish in the baskets. Interviewer: {NW} 176: And then uh there's such seasons you know that you get those uh white shag and or other shag too. Um they call it shag season, it's in {X} ei- either it's in the Spring or in the Fall. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: I've already forgotten that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um and there was carp. He'd get carp. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: Most people {D: with carp} And uh they come uh flood you know, water come out then they'd leave them in those uh shoes they called 'em then, but I call them lakes now. They call them lakes of water. And they'd come out of the river and get in them and them you could get 'em easily. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 176: And uh he'd catch he he put baskets in the river to catch catfish. Interviewer: Uh what kind of hunting did he do? What 176: #1 Well he just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: squirrels and uh turkeys, wild turkeys there in the swamps. Interviewer: And y'all ate 176: Yeah, yeah. And he had {D: pills} down in the swamp. {NS} uh in the what we call the swamp, you know it was uh down out from the river {NS} and he had {D: hills} there and he planted it in the corn and {D: uh chiffers.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: We called 'em goobers or something now they but he called 'em {D: them days they called 'em chiffers.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {D: And they planted he plant chiffers and uh} peanuts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And corn in those fields. Big fields and uh and the turkeys would come in there to to eat Interviewer: Yeah. 176: {X} those peanuts and stuff you know {D: and I don't know} one morning he went, he'd get up early and go and before day and uh he had killed two big gobblers at one shot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They what were standing here in this row, this here peanuts and uh they heard the noise, heard him and they looked up and when he shot and {D: ki- killed} gobblers with one shot. Interviewer: Huh. 176: {NW} But he liked to le- he liked to hunt and he he uh would get up early and uh go and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: kill squirrels. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Something like that. # Interviewer: Um now the {NS} when did your father raised uh grew corn? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: I mean uh cotton. 176: #1 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # cotton? 176: Yeah he grew uh that was {D: long been} they didn't have this short cotton they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Not very much. They had the they used that uh long staple Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: uh cotton and it didn't open up until {D: fall something} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and it was hard to pick. But uh it was made of weak stock too and high you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um He- {X} then later uh they quit growing that long staple. Uh and went to go in the short staple, short-cutting they call it Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 176: #2 and # Interviewer: because of the grain 176: Yeah, yeah. Interviewer: Um and who would do the picking? 176: Well all of us. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: The whole family and everybody that course he had several um families that lived on the farm that farmed for him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh they picked too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Everybody worked Interviewer: Did he uh appraise down the houses 176: #1 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and they would do work 176: They they wor- they worked on sh- uh uh hou- uh house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They got half of the what Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 the men # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {D: paid} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about this is big uh tobacco area? When, were they farming tobacco 176: #1 Oh no. # Interviewer: #2 {D: then?} # #1 When # 176: #2 No. # Interviewer: when did the tobacco 176: Well it tobacco wasn't uh farmed in this county until uh let's see, it must have been long about nineteen-and-twenty-four. Interviewer: Really? It's that {D: long ago?} 176: Yeah. Was very little bit grown I know before then, just maybe a just a little, if there was any grown before then. Interviewer: Up until then it was just cotton? 176: Cotton and and uh corn and peanuts and stuff like that. Interviewer: And uh 176: And they didn't, they didn't sell the peanuts, they just grew 'em for feed. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And um the corn too, they didn't sell the corn. They just grew it for feed {NS} {NS} Interviewer: {D: Well} uh when tobacco came in it well did people start farming it instead of um cotton or 176: #1 Yeah, yeah they # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: they grew they grew the cotton too and then and g- and g- started growing the tobacco and uh before they had the uh support {D: paths} onto the tobacco, everybody grew all they wanted #1 you know? # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: And uh they just didn't get anything for it. And at that time they had to cook it with uh wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They had to fire it you know? Keep the heat up in it to cook it. And uh so there was no {NS} uh no cookers, you know, no gas, nothing like that then to cook the tobacco. {NS} And we didn't get no price for it, ten and fifteen's the high was the high price, fifteen cents a pound Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: along there and they everybody was growing a lot you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Well there's they got the price control on that and uh you know and they haven't {D: allotted why} um the price Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 of it. # Interviewer: {X} 176: Uh-huh. And then they got more uh export on it too you see {X} exporting tobacco. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see, I wanted to ask you about some of the uh Easter and {NS} {D: you know because we've been talking about} Christmas time but if we're talking about holidays what, what kind of um would you have much festivity? Or 176: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # you have 176: #1 no. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and all that? 176: No, no. We didn't have Interviewer: #1 Pick out a tree # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: at Christmas? 176: No we didn't have a Chri- not not whenever I was growing up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Did you hang stockings? 176: #1 Just hang the stockings # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {D: on the} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {D: and then} 176: mantel and then {NS} Interviewer: Cuz you were told that Santa Claus was {D: wasn't} 176: Yeah yeah, we were told that Santa Claus brought the stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: But it almost mostly stuff that we didn't {X} didn't even think about it being something that we'd already need, we'd had you know Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 it just # proud to get Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 anything # we got. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Uh would you have special church services at Christmas? 176: No Interviewer: No 176: #1 no not # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: no special church services. {C: mumbles} Interviewer: Well how how {NS} cold did it did it get? Did it usually get? Or is the same as it does now? About the weather here in the county um 176: Well I think that we had colder winters back when I was a child, seemed to me like {D: well} in the in it just seems that way now, it might not've been. But um seems to me like we were had longer winters Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: than we have now, colder Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It just seem that way. Interviewer: Would 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # where how would y'all make your coats? 176: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: my mother made the coats, uh-huh, made nice coats. You know we didn't know what it was to have a bought uh sweater Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # something like that, she always made our coats. Lined them with {D: outing} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: You know, so they'd be warm. {NS} Interviewer: And that's what your gowns would be? Would be 176: out of Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 go- outing # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: is that tha- that's like flannel? Or 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 that's flannel but they call it outing. # Interviewer: call it outing huh? 176: Yeah. yeah, flannel again Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {NS} and uh {D: your son was just named} well where there as many mosquitoes 176: Oh no Interviewer: down here? 176: No Interviewer: well wha- what {D: why do mosquitoes just kind of} 176: I don't know, I don't we didn't mosquitoes then But we didn't have screens on the house. {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Just fly and stuff? 176: Well the flies came in but not so bad though, seemed like uh we'd have a momma'd make take a newspaper or some kind of paper and and uh cut it then sew it onto a stick Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and that's what she'd find uh flush them out of the house Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 with you # know. Fan 'em out. Interviewer: Fan 'em. Uh-huh. Um what about {X} the the cotton {D: was it} just all your crops? Your vegetables and everything, did you have problems with bugs or 176: No Interviewer: {D: anything else} 176: no. Interviewer: #1 get into 'em? # 176: #2 no, didn't have # 176: we didn't have all that then. We didn't have a lotta insects Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # everything. Didn't have the boll weevil in the cotton then. And uh of course then I don't know uh must've been about nineteen-twenty-five before the boll weevil got {X} here Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And they had a {D: pour the} dusting, you know? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 Spray the # uh Interviewer: Yeah. 176: but uh before that there was no insects at all. Interviewer: {X} 176: {D: Next year and} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see talking about different {D: Crimnol is straight here the} {X} uh who do you know who who who the street's named after? 176: Yeah, he was uh this street was named after uh Mr {B} lives here and he was our representative. Uh {X} the first, you know when the county was Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and uh that's why this street's named after Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 What about # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: some of the other streets names? 176: #1 Well Henson street was named after # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: yeah the Hensons and Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. And # 176: #2 That's # Interviewer: Weatherman? 176: Weatherman, yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um 176: Well some of the older settlers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But the name of the street {X} {D: are known} closed to county. I wonder what prompted 'em to name Jeff Jeff Davis. 176: Well uh Jefferson Davis was a Southern Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and I think that was one reason why Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 that they # Interviewer: {X} 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 another # county hadn't been named after him I guess. 176: No and they named Interviewer: Like long after the War 176: No Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 no. # 176: So he went uh {NS} named it Jeff Davis {NS} Interviewer: {X} Do uh do you remember hearing any tales about the the War? 176: Well yeah I heard my great-grandfather, I remember him, he was uh ninety-nine I think or ninety-eight or ninety-nine when he died and he used to come and stay with us, that was my mother's grandfather. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And he was in the Confederate Army. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh so there one day they turned him loose to come home uh they had to walk back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh so they were coming through Virginia Interviewer: Yeah. 176: and uh there was a good many of the soldiers together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh the s- that was coming South and uh so they they were all just hungry, they didn't have anything to eat and hadn't had for several days and they were piling up logs to make 'em a fire to warm by to to lie down and rest and uh a coachwhip he said ran out from under one of these logs and he just grabbed him and threw him back in the fire and roasted him and ate him Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {NW} And uh he said every time that he would uh attended the uh Confederate reunion or the soldiers you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 176: That they always recognized him as the snake eater. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 176: The one that ate the snake. Interviewer: That what kind of a snake? 176: Uh coachwhip. Interviewer: Now is that a 176: No, it's not poison. Interviewer: {X} 176: It's not poison. Interviewer: Okay. 176: {D: Well it's not of us} uh he would laugh and tell about that Interviewer: #1 and uh # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # {NS} Interviewer: Well now was he uh {D: afraid he was} 176: #1 No he wasn't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: afraid, no he he was Interviewer: #1 Would # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that far? 176: #1 up that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: far yeah and they had let 'em come home Interviewer: Yeah 176: you see Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 sent 'em loose # to come home. And they had to walk it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. All that way? 176: I don't know how far or how long it took 'em to come home but Interviewer: {X} 176: It took 'em a long time to walk back. Interviewer: It took a while {X} And was he uh from from Appling? Or 176: #1 Yeah, yeah he was from # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Appling County. Interviewer: And that's {D: you and your great-grandmother} 176: Yeah, that was my great-grandfather. And my uh grandfather uh on my father's side was uh he had a grits mill and uh so they let him stay, they didn't uh send him to {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: uh because he had this grits mill and he could uh grind meal and grits for the women and children that were left Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 you know? # that their l- husbands had to go and uh so they left him here to look, to do that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: To um so that he could make have so they could have food, you see? Interviewer: Yeah. {X} Uh would all the {X} were there any other men that would stay that didn't have to go out fighting? Uh 176: Well now I I don't know Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 I guess I # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 I guess you'll never hear of them # {X} {D; telling about} you know, they he didn't have to go because he had this mill Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and he he could grind the meal and all and help to look after, they left him so he could uh they would they wo- women and children would have food. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I wonder if uh in {NS} {X} when Sherman came through Atlanta, I wonder if they uh got down this this far. 176: No they didn't uh they didn't come to um where they where my grandfather was living, they didn't come but they did come over in {D: Calfair.} Interviewer: {X} 176: They came back over in in that part you know {D: uh Calfair took it at Wheeler in in uh} {X} County and those counties were took off {D: for Calfair} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh they did come back far but they didn't {D: come along} across the Interviewer: {NW} {D: No} 176: Yeah! Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: see they came to s- they came on through through Savannah Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah 176: #1 Yeah they came through Savannah and # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # {D: Now for that thing} {D: the'd uh the biggest city are where y'all um} 176: Well that was the closest Interviewer: #1 the clos- # 176: #2 they # used to go to get Interviewer: #1 {D: did they} # 176: #2 {X} # provisions yeah. Interviewer: So you know the a port? 176: #1 Port, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: I guess that um the boats would come in and all their stuff would be imported? Or 176: Yeah Interviewer: It when when was the first time that you went to Savannah? {D: anytime?} you know whenever father would go, did you never went {X} had to {X} buy your shoes and everything. 176: Yeah. Well he did uh when the first time he went? Interviewer: When was the first time you ever went to Savannah? 176: Oh I didn't ever go. Interviewer: {X} 176: I didn't go 'til after I was grown Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # 'til after I married, before I had went to Savannah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: We didn't live #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Y'all # y'all all just 176: #1 we just stayed # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: stayed home, yeah. Interviewer: Um what would you do without the childhood {X} 176: Well we just have 'em too much. Interviewer: Didn't have 'em? 176: No Interviewer: {X} And you'd take care {D: of each other} {X} 176: Well they we they finally got a {D: came a doctor to Dwell} which was eight miles from home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh when I uh my Interviewer: Now uh we were talking about some of the childhood diseases or just a disease that anybody had and uh 176: Well there was chickenpox and and whooping cough and the measles. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh and some once in a while we'd you'd hear some folks say then the uh typhoid fever. Uh-huh. Interviewer: But other than that, I don't remember any you know 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And you'd well what what would you do to take to take care of it? Would you have to 176: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {D: spray it} # or 176: well uh momma'd always put us to bed and give us teas and uh she used sassafras tea and uh different ginger tea and {X} one thing or another to break out the measles, you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And uh and the whooping cough we just had uh she give us different things for that, it was mostly homemade remedies. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Made what she did. And uh whooping cough and the measles and the uh mumps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And she'd just make us stay stay in bed 'til we got better. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um um if someone had uh bad tonsils or appendix or something like this, what would they 176: Well now that is something that we didn't we didn't know about appendix or nothing like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And I just don't know, I don't think that people had that then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They may have Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 may have some # and died with it you see? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 not knowing what it was # Interviewer: know that if it's a 176: #1 No they didn't know about it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # what it was? 176: No. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what do you remember uh about uh talking about your great-grandfather in the war um uh do you remember hearing about any of the soldiers getting sick while they you know they {X} get anything uh from water or anything? Or uh 176: Well uh they had to drink out of the streams you know Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 when they # come. uh no I don't remember hearing 'em tell about that uh he talked about their their feet would be bleeding you know from frostbite. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And uh they had when they were in the army they had they've have to go barefoot. You know they just didn't have their shoes would be, they'd be having to walk you see so much #1 and their # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: feet'd get uh blistered and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: from so much walking. And um there they had more h- he talked more about their feet and and uh getting frostbite Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know. # 176: And all done uh anything else. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And that was in the um what was the name of the war? 176: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Confederate. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Um well what now that's your great-grandfather. Was your 176: Yeah. Interviewer: grandfather in that war? Or 176: #1 No my # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: my uh my grand- that was my great-grandfather on my mother's side. But my grandfather on my daddy's side was the one that stayed home, he didn't have Interviewer: #1 Oh. Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah. 176: Yeah that's that's right. Interviewer: Um well let's see um what about and you said that they just really weren't any kind of a social events or anything, what about uh when when would you did you start dating or going out with other with uh 176: Well Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 that was # after I finished school. Interviewer: After um 176: #1 Yeah well you know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: yo- going to school you know you just have a {NS} uh what they the ones that you go to school with Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Yeah # 176: #2 you know and then grade school uh # you had a Interviewer: # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 176: #2 boyfriend there # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 176: Uh they maybe what we uh uh home from school or something like that and carry your books. Interviewer: {D: Yeah} 176: But uh to really date and have a date at home I didn't until after I got grown. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um wha- what would you do to to go out? Uh would you um would the boy come to your house or would y'all go somewhere 176: No we didn't go nowhere, we just stayed at home. Interviewer: And he'd come to your house? 176: #1 Come to the house, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} So uh well when uh 176: That was horse and buggy days you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. So there wasn't a there wouldn't be anywhere much to go 176: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: there wasn't anywhere to go. Interviewer: No, uh-uh. 176: Unless you went to church. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: That's the on- about the only Interviewer: #1 Were there ever # 176: #2 place in # Interviewer: any dances? Or did you have 176: Well we weren't allowed to go, we they were dance around about you know but we wasn't allowed to go to 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: {NS} {X} my daddy died when in nineteen fourteen and and she had the responsibility of all of us children Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know # and so she just didn't allow us to go to any dances. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Now one time she {X} we wanted to see 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh they were having a square dance not too far from our home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh we begged her to go with us and just let us see the dancing and we went and um stayed just a short while and then we went back home. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: But she didn't let us go to anything like that because she was always afraid there might be somebody there drinking {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: You know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And so she didn't let us she didn't let us go Interviewer: {X} {D: yeah} Well um when you were married were y- you married in the church? 176: No I was married at home. Interviewer: At home? 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: Married in the in the living room. Interviewer: Yeah? Uh did you um have any attendants? Or 176: No Interviewer: {X} 176: #1 no. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 176: No. Interviewer: {X} 176: Didn't have any uh just had a wedding at the at the #1 home you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. And you made a new dress you had 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: to} # wear it? 176: Yeah. Had a the preacher to marry me. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 176: And uh my sisters all married at home too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: We didn't want to have a church wedding. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well now when uh Laura and Ellis married um your daughter did did 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 she # have a church 176: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 wedding? # 176: No. No she she {D: had} she married at home too. Interviewer: Um {NS} {D: and} I'm trying to think of what other um okay we talked about the churches and uh school um what about um tell me the names of of your furniture, now this this piece right here, what what 176: That's a chifforobe. Interviewer: And what what do you keep in it? 176: Well there's a place in there to hang uh dresses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh coats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then on each s- on the other side is drawers to put uh your laundry wear in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} so is it strictly for a woman or would 176: #1 Yeah that's what # Interviewer: #2 {D: does men's} # 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} Uh what about um did you have a a chest or something that you um you know did you collect, before you were married, did you collect um different 176: #1 Different furniture? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Yeah, yeah I made a lot of things Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you see. # 176: And uh before like embroidering and crocheting and uh {D: crocheting} and things like Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 that. # I had before I married. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And quilts. I made the quilts and my mother helped me to would quilt 'em put 'em in a frame Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {X} hung it up in the house and the frame and uh quilted the quilts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um did you have a a chest or anything to keep all that in or did you just 176: No I didn't have a chest Interviewer: They didn't have 176: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 coat # chests 176: #1 No they didn't have a chest then. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # that? 176: I had a trunk. Interviewer: A trunk? 176: Yeah, I had a trunk. {NS} Interviewer: Well what {X} what did y'all start out with besides your 176: Well uh what we had when I got married what we had, my mother gave me a a bedstead and a mattress and springs and uh the pillows. And his mother gave him the same thing and four quilts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh momma gave me four quilts. And I already had about three or four something like that that I had made myself and uh I had a good many pillowcases and sheets and things #1 {D: that you'd} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: you know that I'd embroidered, crocheted and done, you know fixed and uh then we had to buy we bought uh a stove and a table and chairs, just there's one of 'em right there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: By the table in the dining room. And um just the s- necessities that we had to have Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: to start housekeeping. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh Interviewer: Now did you work when you started out? Or did you stay at home and cook 176: #1 I taught school. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # you taught school, that's 176: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 right. # 176: first two years I Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 was married # I taught Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 176: #2 school. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But you didn't get much for it then. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} And w- and what was your husband doing {D: then} 176: Well he was farming. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Yeah he was farming. Interviewer: Um 176: He had a Model-T Ford and I'd go to school {D: to in light} morning in that car. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: {X} Interviewer: How far away was the school? 176: About four miles from us where I taught. Interviewer: Well where would you find your gas to drive? 176: Well I'd fill up the tank on Saturday Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: from the time Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Saturday # and it'd last all the week. Interviewer: Is that do y'all come in to get groceries? 176: #1 Groceries and everything # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: supplies on Saturday. Interviewer: {X} And that was what everybody did? 176: Yeah. Everybody came into town Saturday and got their groceries and {NS} their supplies for the week. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. {D: God.} Um after you've uh quit teaching school then you just stayed around 176: Stayed at home Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 yeah. # Uh-huh. Interviewer: And the 176: helped on the farm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh when did you uh {D: di- didn't you say} then you had a um did you have any kind of food store or a 176: Yeah well he yeah he uh about I I guess we'd been married about four years and he started uh {NS} selling fertilizer Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And he had a store up here uh in town but we still lived on the farm and he came every day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And um then when put in uh you know with the feed and seed. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And fertilizer, he sold fertilizer, seed and feed and and he did that I don't know how many years before he died and then after he died I ran the s- store right on Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: for ten years after he passed away. Interviewer: And did did did that {X} uh did it fold up after you 176: #1 Yeah. Yeah after I left # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 did it # 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 176: #1 It folded up. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: I uh I turned it over to another person and let {X} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Um {X} {D: the truth is that they didn't} 176: You better stop that. Interviewer: {X} {NS} Well like I said um we talked about so many different topics and there are some of these um the {X} say that they want pronunciations of say I'll ask you some of these questions now. Um one thing um they wanted you to count from one to twenty and uh just do it kind of slowly, just count from one to twenty. 176: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty. Interviewer: Okay and um what um what is the number after twenty-six? 176: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the number after twenty-nine? 176: Thirty. Interviewer: And the number after thirty-nine? 176: Forty. Interviewer: Um let's see what is the number after sixty-nine? 176: Seventy. Interviewer: And the number after ninety-nine? 176: One hundred. Interviewer: And what about after nine hundred and ninety-nine? 176: Nine- uh one thousand. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh {D: four} is uh what would ten um what would be ten times a hundred thousand? Would be uh 176: One million. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} Um what about um {X} {NS} uh say um um say uh oranges or apples or something sitting here on the table {D: might} the {D: the one that I'll put my hand down to} the one that's at the first of the line would be the the which one? Um this is the 176: First? Interviewer: uh-huh, and the next would be 176: Second. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And the third. And the fourth. And the fifth. And the sixth. And the seventh. And the eighth. And the ninth. And the tenth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um now that's as far as we need. Um let's see um what about um the days of the week? Can you name the days of the week? 176: Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Interviewer: Okay. And um what is another name for Sunday? What what is it sometimes called? Um besides just the name of the day of the week you'd call it you know or that you go to church it's the 176: Church the Sabbath Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Day. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what does that mean to you? 176: Well it means to to uh worship God. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um if uh if it were say nine o'clock and uh in the morning and you saw someone you went out to get your mail and saw someone walking down the street, what would you probably say to them as a greeting? 176: Good morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if it were later? Um after around seven in the evening, what would you say? 176: Good evening. And uh what about in the middle of the day? Around noon or afternoon? Around two or three two o'clock. Good afternoon? Interviewer: Right good- uh-huh. {X} Um and do what do you call um the part of the day between noon and and supper time? {X} 176: Afternoon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um and uh what uh what about after supper? What {X} 176: It's evening. Interviewer: {X} Um let's see uh what about um if you uh had been to visit someone after supper say and when you were going to say goodbye what would you 176: Goodnight. Interviewer: uh-huh. Um what about uh if someone had to get up and get out working {D: just as the sun} {D: an- anything coming up what} he had to start working at what? What would you call that {X} what would you say if somebody has to be up and out uh to farm {D: something or other now when} the sun's coming up, you you have to start work at 176: Early. Interviewer: Early. 176: #1 Early. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And early morning or um in reference to the sun just {NS} just coming just coming up early uh if you know if it was still dark but the sun was rising up what would he he would if if um {X} he had to start work at 176: Daybreak? {D: No} Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. That uh-huh when in other words when the sun's coming up. 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 176: #1 {D: it'd be uh} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. When the sun's coming up. Um let's see what about um if uh today is Sunday then um uh blank was Saturday. What what would you say in in reference to today? Today it's Sunday so 176: Yesterday. Interviewer: Uh-huh and 176: Tomorrow. Interviewer: is Monday, uh-huh. Um let's see um you said that daybreak was when you were getting up and going out to work. What about uh if you were working out in the field and you worked until the sun went out of the sky, and you'd say he has worked 'til 176: Dawn. Interviewer: {X} 176: Sundown. Interviewer: Or sundown, uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um what do they if somebody came to visit and stay from the first of the month through the fifteenth of the month, you'd say that he had stayed about what? 176: About a half a month? #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Half a # month or a what about fort- fortnight, have you ever heard the that expression? 176: The what? Interviewer: you say a fortnight? Fortnight? 176: Fortnight. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 I think I have # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} um {X} 176: {D: He's still there} {NS} Interviewer: Okay um what about um the months of the year, could you say the months of the year? 176: January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. December. Interviewer: Okay um now these are just some uh they're names of states. Different states and I'm gonna try to give you some um {D: some notes and ideas or} {X} {D: that you could know} which states I was talking about when I said it. Um what uh what's the name of the the state where the uh Statue of Liberty is {X} Do you know? 176: Washington? {NS} Interviewer: {D: Of um} um the Albany and Buffalo are cities in the in this state. {NS} {NS} 176: New York. Interviewer: Alright. And uh what about where the uh {X} the uh {D: Liddy Labler came in there} Annapolis {NS} uh what which state is that? {NS} 176: Maryland. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about the uh to- tobacco state where uh the capital is Richmond? 176: Uh Virginia. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh another tobacco state 176: #1 North Carolina. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh, North Carolina and uh what about the uh the other Carolina state? 176: Uh South Carolina. Interviewer: Uh-huh, and #1 {X} # 176: #2 and Georgia. # Interviewer: #1 Georgia, uh- # 176: #2 Georgia, uh-huh. # Interviewer: huh. And then what's the state right below us {D: the panhandle} 176: Florida. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh where uh {NS} is the state that George Wallace is from? 176: Well Alabama. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what about the uh the capital of Baton Rouge? Uh the state that 176: That's Louisiana. Interviewer: Uh- uh-huh. And uh the the horse state, the bluegrass state. 176: Kentucky. Interviewer: Kentucky. {D: Right} And what about the volunteer 176: Tennessee. Interviewer: And uh the um what about the uh state that's still got {D: miss our} I 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 Missouri. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. {D: That's how we always says it} {X} that's how we remembered how to spell it 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 just # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 miss our I # {X} Uh what about where Little Rock is the capital? 176: Arkansas. Interviewer: And uh the um humpback state. 176: Mississippi. Interviewer: {NW} that's another way we remembered. And the uh the the big state, the Lone Star 176: Texas. Interviewer: {X} Texas and uh what about um the where Tul- Tulsa 176: Oklahoma. {NS} Interviewer: Oklahoma. And uh Boston is a city in this particular state. 176: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what do you call the group of states up in northeast 176: #1 New England # Interviewer: #2 {X} # New England, uh-huh. Uh what um it's the biggest city in Maryland. 176: Baltimore. Interviewer: And uh what about the capital of the United States? 176: Washington Interviewer: Right. 176: D.C. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh the the city in Missouri there the uh with the famous blues named for it. 176: St. Louis. Interviewer: Yeah. And uh {D: let's see} what is the seaport county in South Carolina, the old seaport county 176: Charleston. Interviewer: And uh what about a a steel- making town in Alabama? 176: Birmingham. Interviewer: And uh what about one of the the big city in Illinois? 176: Chicago. Interviewer: And uh the capital of Alabama. 176: Montgomery. Interviewer: And what a- um what are some um what's a what are the gulf cities on uh in Alabama? 176: Mobile. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um let's see what are some uh what about a resort city in uh western North Carolina? 176: Asheville. Interviewer: And what about um oh about the biggest city in east Tennessee? 176: Chattanooga. Interviewer: And uh what what 176: #1 Knoxville. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Knoxville. # Interviewer: And uh what what about the uh uh town in Tennessee where Martin Luther King was 176: Uh Memphis. Interviewer: And what about the Country Music Theatre? 176: Nash- {NW} Interviewer: {D: right} and of course the capital of Georgia is 176: #1 is Atlanta. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you've mentioned the your father made trips to 176: Savannah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what's the uh town just just up the road from from Hazlehurst? The {X} 176: #1 Macon. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and uh what about down 176: #1 Columbia. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um let's see what what is the uh capital of the Mardi Ga- Gras state of 176: #1 Ne- # Interviewer: #2 Louisiana? # of 176: #1 New Orleans. # Interviewer: #2 Louisiana? # 176: #1 New Orleans. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # And what about the uh um one of the the big cities in Louisiana 176: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see what about the uh city in Illinois where the the baseball team's at? 176: Cleveland. Interviewer: {NW} Uh-huh, and uh what about the um town in Kentucky the where the Kentucky Derby is held? 176: Louisville. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Let's see um now some of the different things we have uh talked about is talking about some of the uh parts of a house and all of course um uh what what do you call the open place on a floor in front of a fireplace? Uh like this right here, what would this be? 176: The hearth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: Okay} {X} that's the hearth. Um what about um to to put in- inside the fireplace {D: and} you've got the different things that two little things to put the 176: The firedogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. To put the logs out 176: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} and uh 176: andirons or firedogs, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 whatever they # Interviewer: #1 {D: of the same} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {D: thing maybe} Um let's see {NS} um what do you call this? {X} 176: It's a mantel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 Mantel. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and uh put pictures in {D: different things that} what did did y'all used to keep on the mantel? Did y'all usually just {X} you always kept like pictures and 176: #1 Or a clock. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # A clock? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: And all on it? 176: Uh-huh. Um let's see, what now do you call the big a big piece of wood with barbs on it that you burn in the fireplace that would light you keep to keep going all day long or all night um a a large piece of wood. Um I mean a large Uh {NW} a backlog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Does it and it would how long would it burn? 176: Well it'd burn mostly all night if it was put in there you know green. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: A backlog would, that's what they Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 call it # Interviewer: #1 and that # 176: #2 you know? # Interviewer: would keep 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: it'd be coals, red coals the next morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Keep it warm. Interviewer: Um well what about um uh did you have some name for the wood that um you used to start to start a fire? Uh {D: logpicking} wood. 176: That was splinters they called 'em, it was Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 light # wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And they'd start right 176: #1 They'd # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: start off Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: And uh what what would you use next to {X} 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # start start what about little um pieces of wood that you might throw in to keep it going? Um {D: would} would you in other words after or once you'd use the small stuff wood 176: Get started. Interviewer: to get it started with would they um would you have to keep adding small pieces of wood to it? Or 176: Well until you get some coals started, you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then coals would keep it 176: #1 keep it, yeah, uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 warm, keep it going? # 176: keep it going. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about um uh when the fire was burning and it would make fly stuff all on the chimney, what did you call 176: Soot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what about after um a fire was burned out, then what would be left? Uh 176: coals Interviewer: coals. Yeah, and uh yeah and everything, if the wood just completely burned up, what what would they {D: do you know} 176: Ashes. Interviewer: Yeah. {D: Okay and} Um these, when speaking of furniture, we've already mentioned some. Uh let's see what about the um that uh I know that you'd have one it's in the living room uh what what do you call the large piece of furniture in the living room that you sit on? 176: A settee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what about some other names? Have you ever heard any other names for it or 176: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 do you # call 'em any other um might be a called a 176: #1 Was it the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {D: manz} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 or # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Um yeah or um uh well have you ever heard it called sofa? Or 176: #1 Yeah sofa and # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 couch # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about um davenport? Have you ever 176: #1 Yeah, I've heard that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 a a davenport. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. Um {NS} what is there any distinction between {D: them} what you would call a a lounge or a settee or a a sofa, is there any like is one larger than another that would make you call one a settee and one a sofa or anything? 176: Well I think a a lounge is m- is larger than a a settee or a sofa, don't you think so? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Probably 176: I think the lounge Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 would would be # would be larger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what {X] to lou- uh lounge would you think uh that you would 176: #1 Think of lie down # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: #1 Yeah that's what # Interviewer: #2 Yeah that # would be 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: It would be. Well now didn't {D: bed} that you said that um one being the potter {D: in the} uh in the old house {NS} was it an actual bed or was it a 176: It was an iron bed, Interviewer: It was 176: #1 An iron bed. # Interviewer: #2 an iron bed? # 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um is that the type bed that you have? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: {X} 176: Well not all iron beds but they that I remember that one was uh you know Interviewer: it was an iron bed. 176: It was an iron bed. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: And where did you stay in the potter {D: you know where he} 176: It was uh it was in one side one Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 side of the room. # Yeah. Interviewer: {D: one room} taking up the whole room and it wasn't in the way? 176: No it wasn't in the way, uh-uh. It was a large room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} {NW} um well what about uh {D: stuff say when} uh you talked about {D: new things of} furniture {D: when you came} {D: back to} {X} 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {X} Um 176: #1 chifforobe. # Interviewer: #2 chiffo- # robes. Uh-huh. And uh what about uh let's see a a piece of another piece of furniture like that would be {D: sitting} um to keep um that has drawers in it that you put clothes in. 176: Wardrobe. Interviewer: Yeah. Um and uh what will can you describe it? What would it look like, what would it have a door on it or just drawers? Or 176: It uh it uh the wardrobe? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It had doors and you could uh hang up your clothes in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh 176: Because they didn't have no closets, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 built in the house. # Interviewer: When was the fir- what was the first house that you had closets in? 176: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: {D: that} the um when my daddy built his new house Interviewer: {D: You now had} 176: #1 he puts closets in it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Did he have big closets or 176: No they wasn't too big as they should've been. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But there {NS} were closets. Interviewer: {D: so and there were} {X} put the sheet over 176: #1 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: your clothes} # 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} Uh-huh. Um what about uh somethi- another {D: say the water} {D: what'd you have um} have you ever heard of another name for something that you had {X} keep keep keep clothes in? Sweaters or um 176: Chest of drawers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh have you ever heard it called anything else? uh or is that or for instance, this piece of furniture right here that you've got, what what do you refer 176: Call that a dressing table, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh, I I think. What about uh any have you ever heard of any other names for {X} what about one a little taller maybe? That uh {NS} would have a mirror on it Uh do you know of any 176: I don't know {X} Interviewer: Okay um these are just some questions that that I'll ask and you just say whatever comes to mind uh just whatever {D: you throw in there} and say and then {D: take a certain thing} what about some times you feel like you get your good luck a little at a time but your bad luck comes if if good luck just comes trickling in but like {D: not necessarily} bad luck a lot of the times bad things happen in threes and it would come 176: All of a all of a sudden? Interviewer: A- all of a sudden, uh-huh. 176: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you know just mean you're coming right together. Um let's see what about if um if there were two pies on the table and one pie was good and the other pie was better it would be it would just uh doubly as good as the first pie then you'd say the second pie is #1 Blank # 176: #2 {X} # 176: delicious. Interviewer: Oh yeah or uh but in reference to the first pie the second pie is blank as good as the first pie. 176: It's twice as good? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Uh-huh. One's better than the other. Um now we were talking the other day about what you would greet someone in the morning you'd say 176: Say good mor- Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 ning # Interviewer: huh and in the evening 176: Good after- Interviewer: #1 good # 176: #2 noon. # Interviewer: afternoon. What about um just any kind of a day what do you say if you stop someone just uh any time of the day greeting, what would you say? 176: Well I'd say hello or hi. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um do you ever say good day to anyone? 176: Not Interviewer: Not 176: not very {D: often} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 not not # Interviewer: Did uh did your did any- did people used to? Do you remember people used to say that more than just hi or hello? 176: Oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, yeah, uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 But now they # 176: #1 more now they don't # Interviewer: #2 {D: sure} # 176: don't Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 do that. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah they {D: shortened you} Um let's {NS} {NS} if um if I ask you what time the sun if I said what time did the sun rise this morning then what would you say? 176: Well I'd say about seven-fifteen. Interviewer: Okay. And uh in ha- then you would say in reference to the verb rise then you would say the sun 176: Rose. Interviewer: At 176: at Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 such and such # Interviewer: Okay. What about um alright in this sentence, just the context of this sentence we were a little late this morning when we started out in the field. The sun had already 176: Risen. Interviewer: Okay. Uh-huh. Um let's see now this is if um today is Monday and yesterday was Sunday, if somebody had visited you not yesterday but Sunday before that then you would s- and you were telling me about it then you would say he came to visit 176: Last Sunday. Interviewer: #1 Last Sun- # 176: #2 It was a week # ago. Interviewer: Sunday was a h- 176: Sunday was a week ago. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And that would mean that it wouldn't have been yesterday, then it would have been 176: Been the day Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 b- # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Sunday # A week #1 before. # Interviewer: #2 Before # that. 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: And what about if um if someone is going to {X} in other words if uh today is Monday and someone someone's going yesterday {X} cuz you would've said then if someone was here visiting you but he was going to leave not yesterday but the the following Saturday in one more week then you would say he's going to leave 176: Uh Interviewer: If it uh in other words just let's just say {X} yesterday was Sunday and like he came to visit and he was going to stay for a whole week and then leave the Sunday after that then you would say 176: He would leave Sunday week. Interviewer: Sunday week? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do y- if you want to know the time of day and you wou- you would ask somebody if yo want to know the time of day that it was, you'd say 176: What time is it? Interviewer: Okay. Um and what about what what do um I have on my wrist to tell 176: #1 A # Interviewer: #2 time? # 176: watch. Interviewer: A watch. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about if between uh between seven o'clock and eight o'clock midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you would say it was 176: Seven-thirty. Interviewer: Seven-thirty {NW} what about another way to say it? Um do you have any any other way? 176: Uh uh half-past seven. Interviewer: Half-past seven. {D: Now} let's see okay if it's uh ten forty-five it's uh ten-forty-five in the morning, what would you s- what time would you 176: #1 I'd # Interviewer: #2 say? # 176: say it's quarter 'til eleven. Interviewer: Quarter 'til eleven? Um alright what about and this is just in the context of this sentence say if you've been doing something for a long time then you might say I've been doing that for quite 176: A while. For a while. Interviewer: Quite a while. Okay um if nineteen- you'd say that nineteen seven- seventy-two was last year and nineteen seventy-three is if nineteen seventy-two was last year then nineteen seventy-three 176: #1 is this # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: year. Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see if something happened on this day exactly on this day last year then you'd say it happened exactly 176: Today was a year ago? Interviewer: Okay. Um alright {D: then think of} some of these now are talking about the weather and uh just different terms about the weather. If you looked up at the sky you'd say I don't like the looks of those black Clouds. 176: Okay. Um what about if you looked um looked outside and um the sun shining and all you'd and you like the weather then you'd say it's a Interviewer: Beautiful day. Okay. And what about if it were cloudy and overcast, then you'd say it's a 176: Uh dreary day. Interviewer: Dreary day. Okay. Um what about if it's been uh fair weather and then the clouds come and you expect it to rain or snow then you'd say the weather is if it's been pretty pretty nice for a while for say a long while but then the clouds start dark the sky's darkening and uh you can tell you're going to the 176: Be a change in the weather? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Yeah or if it's changing from like night from pretty to the 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 sun- # shine to to rain like it's doing now {NW} 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh what about if it'd been cloudy and then the clouds pulled away and the sun comes out you'd say the weather is 176: Has changed? {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 uh # to uh imp- uh Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if it's getting better you'd say it's um if it's been real rainy or cloudy and everything 176: It's clearing up. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. {NS} Um what do you call a heavy rain that lasts only a short while? 176: A downpour. Interviewer: A downpour. Okay. Um have you ever heard any other terms for that? Or have you ever used any other terms or have you always called it down- 176: A flood? Interviewer: #1 Well # 176: #2 Or # Interviewer: yeah, uh-huh. What about um what do you call a storm that has thunder and lightning? 176: Electrical storm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh the only time that you would refer to it as an electrical storm would be when it had 176: #1 Lots of # Interviewer: #2 lot of light- # 176: #1 lots of thunder and # Interviewer: #2 ning # 176: #1 lightning # Interviewer: #2 and light- # ning. 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Okay um let's see what about if uh you had a real hard wind then you'd say yesterday the wind 176: Blew hard? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Um what about um if you say that yesterday the wind blew hard but you were referring to maybe some other time when it was even worse and you'd say but it had 176: Um been worse? Interviewer: Yea, uh-huh and and what about in reference to the word, the verb blows? You'd say it had 176: Blown harder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Than than even it was 176: {D: to there} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Okay {NS} um if the wind was coming from this direction down here then you'd say the wind 176: Was from the south. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about a wind halfway between the south and the west? You'd call it a 176: Southwest. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} A- what about tow- half way between the south and the east you'd 176: #1 North # Interviewer: #2 call it # a 176: Northeast. Interviewer: Uh between the south and mi- 176: Sou- southeast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh between the east and the north would be 176: The northeast. Interviewer: Yeah and the west and the north 176: Northeast. I mean west- Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {D: it'd be the} # northea- northwest Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 North- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 176: west. Interviewer: Yep. Um what about if it's been raining but it hasn't been raining very hard uh just a few drops are coming down you'd say it's a 176: Uh shower. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh do you ever call it any any other 176: A sprinkle. Interviewer: Sprinkle? 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh- # huh. And uh what would they say um if it's just raining a little bit you call it a shower or a sprinkle, what about if it gets a little harder? Do you have a another term for it then when it gets just a little bit harder? Let's see, I know you said uh it was a downpour 176: Yeah Interviewer: but it 176: #1 come just a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. 176: you know. Interviewer: And electrical storm. 176: And Interviewer: And what else? Thunder and lightning are those pretty much the terms you use? 176: That's that I don't think of anything else right now {D: that people would} call it. Interviewer: Um what about um if uh there's something thick in the air and you can't see at all. It it's just real low to the ground and you say the air is very if if you can't see, in other words you're driving along the road and you can't see because it's it's real 176: {X} it's foggy? Interviewer: Yeah. 176: It's a fog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay now these are also still some weather terms if um we don't have any rain for weeks and weeks then you'd say we were having a 176: A drought. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Drought. Interviewer: Um let's see what about if um the wind has been real gentle but it begins getting stronger, it's stronger than you what what would you say it's doing? If uh if it's just been a gentle breeze but you could tell that the trees are trees are starting to blow a little harder and harder then you'd say the wind was 176: Blowing hard. Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 Uh # Interviewer: huh. Uh-huh. 176: I would {D: run for heaven} {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 176: {X} Interviewer: Or um what about in reference to the fact that it was beginning to gradually 176: Well it's the wind is getting high. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Um what about if it's just the opposite? The wind has been real strong but it's getting weaker and weaker, then what would you say? 176: Well the wind is calming down. The wind is calming. Interviewer: Uh what uh morning in the fall when you first go outside and it's cold, it's not unbearably cold then uh it's the kind of weather that you like to be out in, it makes you feel brisk and all then what'd you say this 176: #1 chilly. # Interviewer: #2 morning's # rather 176: Chilly. Interviewer: Chilly? 176: Chilly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if it was cold enough to kill all of the tomatoes and the flowers, then you'd say last night we had a 176: Frost. Interviewer: Uh what about if if it was so so cold last night that the lake 176: Froze over. Interviewer: If it were cold but not that cold. Um if uh {NS} if it were kinda cool last night but it's getting much colder tonight then you'd say the pond might 176: Did what? Interviewer: If it if it was cool or pretty cold last night but it's even going to be colder tonight like below thirty-two then you'd say the pond might 176: Freeze over. Interviewer: And uh and uh if then you were going to the next day you were worried that it might freeze over the next day you were going out to see it then when you got there you'd say you could say it had blank before I got out there. 176: #1 It had # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: uh fogged up before I got out Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 there. # Interviewer: And what about in reference to it freezing? Then you would say it had 176: frozen over before #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um what about now speaking of this particular room um u- how how high is this room, what what how tall is 176: Eight foot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let me see and what do you call the room where you sleep? 176: A bedroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh di- uh now let's see uh have you ever heard it called anything else? Or heard it called anything else, your grandparents or anything? 176: I don't remember. Interviewer: Uh what 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 about # Interviewer: um what about a little um well the thing that you said that in the parlor you had a 176: Had a Interviewer: had 176: bed Interviewer: uh-huh. And uh that would {D: in sense} now be like your extra bedroom would be your 176: Guest room. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh- 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 huh. # Just have the extra room. Um and that would be for someone to 176: Sleep in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Stay if they were staying over {X} what about um what do you call just the general term that you'd call tables and chairs and such, that it's your just a general term for the the 176: Well different uh they're different tables uh Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Dining room Interviewer: #1 But just # 176: #2 table. # Interviewer: just speaking of it all in general you'd say l- I got today I got to polish my 176: Dining table or my uh Interviewer: If you weren't going to be that specific, just today I'll I'm going to polish the 176: Furniture. Interviewer: Yeah 176: Yeah the furniture. Interviewer: Um let's see what do you call the uh things that are hanging on the window to keep keep out the light? {NS} 176: The blinds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what are the uh little lacy ones? What what do you call the little lacy things hanging 176: #1 That's the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: curtains. Interviewer: Okay. 176: Curtains. Interviewer: Um what do you call the little room off the bedroom that you hang you hang your clothes in? 176: Closet. Interviewer: And um if you didn't have a a closet like you said in the old house then what what might you have to put your clothes in? 176: Uh a chifforobe or a cabinet. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Cab- # 176: you know the that olden times they used a I mean a- uh later years after my father built a um out of just build it out of bo- boards Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: a cabinet and put {X} in to hang clothes and then one in the put uh bedsheets and all the linens you know Interviewer: Uh-huh, so it had drawers and all on it 176: #1 No it # Interviewer: #2 too? # 176: didn't have Interviewer: #1 Didn't have drawers? # 176: #2 drawers. It # just had two doors and you'd just open those doors and then you had shelves in one end and Interviewer: Uh- 176: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 176: hang it in the Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 other. # Interviewer: And that would just be that was like a piece of furniture 176: #1 Yeah that was like # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: a piece of furniture. Yeah. Interviewer: {X} Um what do you call a a room at the top of the house, just under the roof? 176: Attic. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any other terms for it? 176: Uh Interviewer: Heard 'em called anything else? {NS} 176: Well I don't remember Interviewer: Did did uh the old house have one? 176: No it Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 didn't have an attic. # Uh-uh, no. Interviewer: Uh what about if you had a room below the first floor of your house down uh what would you call that? 176: That is a basement. Interviewer: Yeah. And did the old house didn't have 176: #1 no we # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: we had no basement. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Didn't have any # basement. Interviewer: Um what do you call the um a room that you cook in? 176: A kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh did you also call called it a kitchen di- at the old house where it was separate, was it 176: #1 Yeah it was called # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: a kitchen Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {D: and it} # 176: had the dining {D: be-} it was all together, it was not there wasn't a petition, it was Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 just # Interviewer: huh. 176: all together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And it was joined to the house by a walkway? 176: Walkway, uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh what do you call this little room in here that off the kitchen where you store your canned goods? 176: Pantry. Interviewer: And uh what do you call a lot of worthless things that you're about the throw away? 176: Uh Interviewer: If you've rounded up just a lot of old worthless things that you finally decide to give away, what would you call it? 176: I can't {X} {C: traffic} uh Interviewer: If uh {NS} and you just bou- you know just some just some things that I had been collecting, just sort of cluttering up, you'd round them up say I'm gonna throw this this away. What would you refer to it? Uh uh like if you would you ever would you call it junk or or um 176: I guess they would call it junk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: uh let me think} did you ever call it anything else? 176: I don't remember, I can't think Interviewer: #1 can't think # 176: #2 now now # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {D: yeah just} # 176: #2 can't think of # Interviewer: can't think of 176: of what what I would call it. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} if it'd been sitting around and maybe you even wondered why you'd been saving it, you'd go and clean up, say I'm just gonna throw this 176: Throw this junk away. Interviewer: yeah. 176: That's about Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 176: #2 the only thing # Interviewer: {D: you do call it} call it 176: I'd call it junk. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: What um what would you call a room that you use to store a bunch of odds and ends in, maybe just pieces of um little doodads and all? {D: Just} 176: #1 Well I'd call that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: storage store room. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} if uh speaking about the daily housework uh what do you say that a a woman does every morning? 176: Well she she get fix breakfast and you know, fix breakfast and clean house. Wash the dishes. Clean house. And uh Interviewer: Uh what would you if uh you were sweeping the floor and dusting and all would you have any special term for just like just the um sort of getting the house in order? Do you ha- call that 176: Cleaning up? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um let's see what do you use to sweep with? 176: Broom. Broom. {NS} Interviewer: And uh if uh the broom was in the corner and the door was open so that the broom would be hidden you know from the d- in the corner and the door was open then you'd say the broom is where compared to the door? 176: In the corner. Interviewer: Uh-huh 176: Back of the door. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um a lot of this is hard to explain {NW} without doing it. {NS} Um let's see uh what did women used to do on Monday? 176: Wash. That was Monday was always wash day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about on Tuesday? 176: Well there's iron and and uh you know doing getting the clothes all ready {D: and} ironed and {D: done up.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um if um where would you call a a place where um you'd take your shirts and uh dresses and things to be done that were fragile or um things that had to be dry cleaned, you'd take 'em to the what? 176: Laundry. To the {X} dry cleaners and the laundry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh if you were in a two-story house and you wanted to get from the first floor to the second floor then you'd go up the 176: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 what? # 176: stairs. Interviewer: And uh do you have a different term for stairs that are inside the house and those that are outside the house? {NS} Or in other words or are they all stairs? Do you refer to 'em all as stairs? 176: Well I'd say they were all stairs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: On the outside, on the inside if you had to go up on the outside that would be a stairway and inside would be a stairway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now I know we were talking about at the old house that there was a a porch uh 176: #1 {D: yeah} # Interviewer: #2 around # the or on two sides of the house. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} Well um i- do you have any what did you call it any other thing besides {X} 176: Veranda. Interviewer: That is that what 176: #1 That was what # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: it was called Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 long years ago # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 was a # veranda. Interviewer: Uh-huh, but now what did you call yours that you have here at your front door? 176: Front porch. Interviewer: Uh-huh 176: I call it Interviewer: and that uh what about the little stoop at the at the front and and back? 176: Well they call that a stoop. Interviewer: Do you call that {NW} I done said it. 176: #1 You done said it. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} yeah. {NW} Um what about the uh you said that there was a long hallway uh that was open between in the old house. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: what would that refer to? 176: Well that was uh a hallway, that's all I ever heard Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 it called # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 176: #2 it was a # a hallway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um 176: between the rooms. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Did did you ever hear uh have you ever heard that referred to as a breezeway? 176: No it never was Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 in those time. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 It wasn't # 176: now they do call 'em that {D: just} you know, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 now they # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 call 'em # breezeways w- Interviewer: When they're open like that. 176: Yeah. But this was open, there was nothing it was just and they called it a a hallway. Interviewer: Out in the hallway, did you have did you keep anything out there? 176: No not not that I remember anything in there. Interviewer: Um if a door was open and you didn't want it open then you would tell someone to 176: Close the door. Interviewer: Um {X} what what do you call the boards that are on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 176: Uh sideboards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um if uh we're referring to your car and everything we you would say and like going up to the Piggly Wiggly and you'd say every day I take my car and uh in reference to the car. 176: And drive. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Drive it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if if you had done it yesterday then you would yesterday I 176: Drove my car. Interviewer: And uh let's see if uh you were referring to the fact that you did it often you would say I have 176: Driven my Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 car. # Interviewer: huh. Uh what do you call the uh part of the house that that covers the whole top of the house? 176: That's the roof. Interviewer: And what about the little things along the edge of the roofs that carries the water off? 176: Uh drainpipes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: That's let's see uh Interviewer: Do you call it anything else? 176: Yeah, there's something else but I can't think right now. Interviewer: Um what about and I know your roof is is not flat, it's got a lot of different little 176: Gables. Gable ends. Interviewer: #1 Is that # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Yeah that's gables. # Interviewer: What about where um one joins the regular part of the roof? Is there any name for where the two join like? 176: That's a valley. I mean you know between the where the Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Where it comes down the the uh gable ends come down and it makes a valley {D: under it} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: On the roof. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Where the two come together. Interviewer: Yeah. Um um what would you call a little building that you'd use to store wood? 176: I guess you'd call that the wood house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh what do you call refer to this out here that you have? 176: Well I call that my storeroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Where I uh put different things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what would you call a place where you stored your tools? 176: Well uh I have to s- store everything in that one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But mo- a lot of people have a tool house. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: Long time ago they used to have a tool tool shed they called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: To keep their tools in. Interviewer: Did you have one at the old house? 176: Yeah. They had Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 a tool- # shed uh Interviewer: Um did uh did you used to have a place at the old house where you kept the stove wood? A little house? 176: Uh the house on the back was real high. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And and the the blocks you know it to level the house they back of the house was uh lots higher than the front of the Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 house? # 176: And uh so they stored the wood under the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Just put it all the way across, you know and sta- stacked it up. Interviewer: And 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And # 176: stored the wood under the edge of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well that's a good {D: place} What about i- have you ever heard of um uh if if someone or anyone that you knew had a special house to keep the wood in what what was it called? Or did you 176: Well I'd say it would be a wood house, I wouldn't know uh Interviewer: Did uh anyone ever have one that you 176: #1 Not # Interviewer: #2 {D: knew?} # 176: that I know of, I never did we never did have one. Interviewer: Did they all keep their woods like y'all 176: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 did? # 176: {D: I reckon} put it under shelters like uh you have we had a a big shelter that they car- had the boiler that they uh scalded the hogs and cooked syrup you know and all in and it was long and uh they stored a lot of wood in there. For the winter. Uh and also in the summer they stored the stored the wood they cut a lot of wood at one time and uh log and then split it up and for stove wood, to cook with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And put it under there to keep it dry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well that's a good place {D: there} I don't think we touched on this yesterday although we said that there wasn't any plumbing in the house, what uh did you call the outdoor toilet? 176: Uh privy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um were there any other terms that you ever heard for it? 176: Uh Interviewer: Uh like any joking terms or something {D: that'll} besides 176: Say what? Interviewer: Any joking terms like uh 176: Yeah, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 but I can't I can't think of it now # it's a uh outhouse. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh that was about all that I remember now. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. And this was separate from the house? 176: Oh yeah, it was a good piece off from the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um okay this {D: is} this is just in the context of this particular sentence. If uh you had troubles and were telling me about them and uh or I'd been telling you about my troubles, then you and then you were going to tell me about yours, you'd say well um if uh let's see if if I'd just been going on and on telling you all the all the things that've happened and that I had to do and everything, I'd been telling you my troubles and you got tired of listening to it because {D: no as} I'm not the only one that has troubles, you'd say well 176: Well I have troubles too Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 and # Interviewer: huh. Uh-huh. Um let's see, what about if uh we're as we're sitting talking and we heard a crash outside then I would say did you 176: Hear the crash? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh and and then {NS} you would say yes, I 176: I heard it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh but you'd say and maybe you recognize the particular sound you'd say but I'm not afraid because I if you if um you if you recognized it and uh if it happened a lots you'd say well I'm not afraid because I 176: I've heard it before. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {C: train whistle blowing} Um what about if I asked you if uh if you knew a person you might say no but I 176: Heard of 'em. Interviewer: Uh let's see if um if a friend came back to town and another friend had been visiting with him {NS} then you might be asked, haven't you seen him yet? And you might say no I 176: Haven't seen him yet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um and what about if uh if you asked ha- has your brother seen him yet? Then you'd say no 176: No. I don't think so. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or um Interviewer: hair now and I ask you if you um say do you it do it often, then you'd say yes I 176: Yeah, I comb my hair every day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh what about if if you just if I say do you do it often, you'd say yes I 176: I I comb it once a day? I Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or what about in reference to the verb do? Just what would you yes I you know it's just a simple answer, if I said do you do that often? You'd say yes 176: I comb my hair everyday? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh what about um just in just in reference to the verb, in other words if if you were coming you'd just say just rel- just simply you'd say yes I 176: Comb my hair. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or if it were anything, not necessarily combing your hair uh if you were putting on your shoes and I said do you do that? Then you'd say yes I 176: I do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Yes I do. Um what about if um if we ask if um if your brother likes ice cream then you'd say 176: Yes. Interviewer: Yes he 176: yes he does. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if um um say uh your grandson's in school but he doesn't pay attention to the teacher, then you might you might think he just if he won't pay attention to the teacher, then you'd say he uh just is he uh 176: Dumb? Interviewer: #1 Well # 176: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: but uh if uh let's see 176: He's Interviewer: if if he just really um won't pay attention and uh just 176: Indifferent? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or um what about in reference to the verb do again? Uh 176: Do what? Interviewer: in the verb do, in other words if he he 176: just won't {D: uh} wouldn't study? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh won't # Interviewer: or um what about if uh let's see, let's let's have a get another situation. If what about if a man makes his farm run-down and um he doesn't seem to care about it then you might say to someone who asks you'd say I really don't know but he just 176: He's lazy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh 176: He's no good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh and you say he doesn't 176: #1 Care. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Uh- Interviewer: #1 huh. # 176: #2 He # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 doesn't care. # Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Okay. um if uh someone where um asking us a question and uh you'd say {D: the} say if someone asked us if we thought it was going to snow {NW} then I would say well I don't think so and then I'd ask you, I'd say 176: Do you think it's going to snow? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh and uh alright. What about if if uh someone asked us if it were going to rain which is a lot more likely right now, then you'd say well I'm not if you weren't sure about it you'd say well I'm not 176: Sure. I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see um if if you were having a conversation with a friend of yours {D: say} and uh you were telling me about it later, then you'd say that that y'all were just sitting and y'all were just uh say y'all were discussing church of today then {D: that} you'd say that y'all were um that y'all were just 176: Discussing Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: the church. Interviewer: Yeah or y'all were just sitting around 176: Talking. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if you were uh in other words speaking to is acting to someone then you would say I was talking 176: To the person. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Talking to the person. Interviewer: Or uh if Johnny came over you would say I was talking 176: To Johnny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or just a {X} I was talking 176: To my grandson. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 176: Would that be Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. Um let's see um if uh if someone if a a man or a boy were acting real unusual from what he he usually did then you'd s- and uh you were talking to someone about it, you might say I don't know what 176: Why he did that or what #1 caused him # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: to Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 act like # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 that. # Interviewer: Or what about if it were just happening, you'd say I don't know what's 176: Possessed him Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 to do that. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh and if you'd if that's what he's changed says 176: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 176: #2 uh-huh. # Interviewer: okay and these are uh some different questions now. Um {NW} what what do you call this building that you live in? 176: A house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or and what are some other terms that you would call it? 176: A home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh 176: A dwelling. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what kind of a h- house is this or home is this? Is it a 176: This is a {D: green} house. Interviewer: Or and what other types are there around here in Hazlehurst? 176: Brick and uh brick and rock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Rock house. Interviewer: Okay. Um what um I don't think we ever mentioned this the other day, talking about the old house, what or maybe maybe there wasn't one what do you what would you call a building behind a house where you stored the the cattle? The cattle 176: That was a lot where there were Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 176: #2 where they # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 uh the # cows stayed Interviewer: {X} 176: uh-huh. Interviewer: Um now have you ever heard it called anything else or maybe it would be a little bit different from what y'all had the lot uh like a red 176: Barn? Interviewer: Yeah. 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Now but y'all didn't have 176: #1 We didn't # Interviewer: #2 {D: a lot?} # 176: have a barn for the cattle, we did have one for the {NW} {D: count} mules and horses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But we didn't have uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 one for the cows. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They stayed out in the feedlot we called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Had big troughs in there and uh they put the feed in the in those troughs {X} for them to eat in the wintertime. Interviewer: Um what about did you have a building where you'd store the corn? {X} 176: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 176: Yes they'd call that the uh corn crib. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And the- that's where they stored the corn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What was it uh was hooked onto or #1 {X} # 176: #2 Well it was # it was just a big barn and uh they'd fill it full of corn. Uh for the roast you know during the Interviewer: Uh-huh 176: year or the and uh saved all the corn. Interviewer: Yeah. Um well what about uh did you have a building where you would store the grain? Grain? Well that was all the grain that we {X} 176: #1 made at that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: time. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 It was # stored. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh it was the uh corn {NS} and uh that was all we had. Uh we didn't uh didn't have anything else. Interviewer: Did uh did did have you ever heard of another a term for storing of a building where you would specifically store grain besides the corn crib? Uh did anyone else have 176: Well nowadays they have bins that they put the corn in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And they are made outta metal {NS} some kinda metal but uh in those days long you know when I was growing up, it was just they gathered the corn by hand and uh put it in the barn in the corn crib with in the with the shuck on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then when you went to feed the stock, why you had to shuck the corn to get the Interviewer: Yeah. 176: and the fact that th- the shucks and the corn you know {D: there on the} cob could be mules and things and then uh they uh give the shucks to the cows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Always save the shucks and give them to the cows, they feed them uh for the in during the winter. Interviewer: Alright. What about uh {X} um you didn't have a barn but uh what would you refer to the other part of the barn uh the um in a barn to the upper s- 176: The loft. Interviewer: Uh-huh, where you had to climb up the ladder 176: Yeah, I had to go up a ladder to go up Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 in there. # 176: And that's where they put the dryer {D: uh logs} the uh hay and fodder and Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 everything # stored that upstairs. Interviewer: Yeah. Now was there an upstairs in the lot? Do- did y'all have, there wasn't a #1 upstairs to that # 176: #2 No, no, no. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 No # Interviewer: #1 This just is # 176: #2 that was # Interviewer: the 176: that's was the where they kept the horses, about there was fifteen or sixteen heads that they had out on this on our farm. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 A # couple of mules and horses {NS} and uh it was a it was a huge barn and then upstairs was a um where they put all the uh hay and fodder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They had to feed 'em. Interviewer: Um well this is I I meant to ask you the other day I I asked I asked how many acres that your grandfather had {NS} back then and you said that maybe he had four lots? 176: I think it was somewhere like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And my father when he bought {NS} he bought more land and he had six about six lots or maybe more and uh uh there's the lot of land was four hundred well it was uh more or less most of the deeds cost more or less four hundred and ninety acres more or less. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {NS} Uh that's the way the lots was described on deeds then in those days. Course now I think they measured in know about you know about how many acres they was in when you buy a piece of land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But in those days they sc- they described the lot on the deed was more or less. Interviewer: {X} 176: Four hundred and ninety acres, more or less, that's was a lot of land. Interviewer: Was there any ever any uh problems come up with people um putting something up right at the line of somebody's property or something or another, would 176: Well sometimes, not not very uh most people uh {NS} uh knew where their lines were Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know and # Interviewer: They'd work it out 176: #1 They would work it out # Interviewer: #2 if something came up? # 176: #1 there was # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: no lawsuits or nothing like Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 that # along those days. About where the line went as I remember anything about it. They always tried to work it out, where the line was and and then uh when they uh see when Jeff Davis uh uh was made a county {NS} well they started on the Appling County side uh {D: so there} so they {D: enacted} lots of land Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And then on the Jeff Davis side, I mean the Coffee County side and they met right near the Bell Telephone Route. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And there was a strip of land in there that was uh left that was no that nobody had a deed to. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: And that was uh later uh decided which side of the uh the land owner got it and it was decided here in Jeff Davis County the uh the the ones on the uh Coffee County side got the land that was Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: that um Interviewer: #1 that # 176: #2 that # {X} was on the was left there Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know # it was no deed or nothing made Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 to it. # Interviewer: Um {D: another thing} now getting back to uh the lawn and lot and all um what about what do you call hay that's piled up outside of the barn? What would you call um if there was a big um lump of hay there, you'd call it a hay 176: Stack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um um let's see, what about uh-huh did now let's see, there were these stacks of hay out in the like would that haystack specifically like out in the field 176: Well that's {X} where they'd stack it up to cure it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you see. # 176: They used to just uh cut the hay and they had poles and they uh they cut trees you know, pole and they'd uh t- uh tack pieces across uh one one way and one another and then they'd put that hay up on these {NS} uh poles to dry. {NS} To cure. And leave it there just fill that just as long as it would stay up on that on those pieces and that they called a haystack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um hay that that'd be keeping hay also inside the barn then {D: would that} 176: Well then they'd bale it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know. # 176: And then carry it to the barn after it cured in the on those stacks. Interviewer: Now um what would the bale of hay look like? Ho- how would how is it shaped? 176: Well it's uh it would be longer than it was wide Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 it was # longer than Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: now this uh not near as wide as it was long. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um is um before they put the the hay in in stacks, what um had it been raked up in the field just 176: Well they had to they had before they got uh things to bale it with they just had to put it in the when it cured out they just had to put it in the barn loose. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Because they had no they had to have a lotta storage places to put it because after they got to where they found I mean uh could bale hay {NS} well that would uh {NS} when it would {NS} press it together it would take less storage space. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But i- a long years ago they had to have lots of barns to put it in because they had no {D: way to bale it} Interviewer: Bale it the hay. Put it in loose. 176: Had to put it in loose. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see I believe you said that uh the cows were kept in the the 176: The cow lot, we always called it Interviewer: #1 The cow lot? # 176: #2 the cow lot. # Interviewer: Uh-huh Yeah. Uh and there and there there was shelter over it, said that 176: No there was Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 no shelter over it, there was # no shelter over the cow barn. No. Uh there was a in the cow lot, there was no shelter over it but now the mule barn was. Interviewer: Was {X} 176: But the cow lot was no and it they get they just stayed out there in it in the cold and all, just uh Interviewer: Get rained on? 176: Rained on and everything. And that was in during the winter, now in the summertimes they would never p- there wasn't put up in pens at night but in the wintertime, they were put up in these cow lot and fed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They {D: just} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 fed 'em. # 176: Because there was not a lot of stuff for them to get but in the summertime uh they went in the woods. Interviewer: Uh-huh, they just grazed? {D: Is that} 176: #1 {D: grazed} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # they grazed out on the river? 176: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {D: on the} # 176: #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: all all about you know. Interviewer: Um did uh you said that y'all milked the cows, did was there a special place where you'd milk the cows? Did you call it any special um any special 176: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: we didn't have no special just in the cow lot. Interviewer: That's just where 176: yeah. Didn't have no special {NS} barn or nothing to put them in to Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: milk 'em. {NS} Interviewer: Um now what about where you kept the hogs and pigs? Did uh what did you have a special place for them? 176: Yeah we- they they put the cow- the uh hogs in the field in the winter i- in the fall the {D: fat ones} and then uh they'd have pens. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh when they took 'em out of the field and fed 'em corn and and uh potatoes and stuff that we had to feed 'em with and uh fattened them. Got 'em real fat. And uh then killed 'em, that was just we called a hog pen. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. {X} 176: Had a trough made to put in there to put the feed in. Interviewer: Uh well did it have shelter or was it open? 176: No it was open, Interviewer: #1 Open? # 176: #2 {X} # was open. Interviewer: Uh {NS} let's see now {D: lady said} that you kept your uh milk and and what {D: our uh} what we'd keep in refrigerator today, you'd keep all that down in the well. 176: Yeah yeah in the summer. {NS} And the wintertime we didn't have to. Interviewer: Where would you keep it in 176: Keep it out in the we had a it was a they call it a milk house and it was uh scree- I mean uh uh built up and it had it was a door, we'd call it a cupboard like Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and you put the milk in the in this s- wintertime and it stayed cold in there and sometimes it would be icing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Didn't have to have any didn't have to put it down the well, now that was in summertime and {D: but the} {X} Interviewer: {X} Uh-huh 176: to keep it cool in the summertime. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what di- when um now as you said that everyone just did their own milking of cows and making butter there weren't 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 there # weren't any special places? 176: No just uh went to the lot and milked the cow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. When do you remember first um there was someone taking over, getting cows to to to milk and and to sell the milk, when do you remember the first 176: Well I don't remember, I don't remember when that happened because we had just {D: a worlds} #1 of milk all # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 the time # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 176: and uh the people that lived around us Interviewer: {D: injured the cow} um it had stickers on it right? 176: that was uh crop wire. Interviewer: thats right yeah. um {C: overlapping can't distinguish voices} 176: well the yeah later on we had uh right there uh Interviewer: um but what is 176: what a fence a fence oh no no in the later years but now what I was talking about was the uh long years before I married. They say we had little fences. Interviewer: were there any other names for little wood um the um round fences were they um were they laid out in a zigzag? 176: yeah yeah they were- they're- they were uh posts put one down and then and another one you know coming across that poor and they would zigzag. Interviewer: that was um talking about the barb the barb on the fence uh set one of those up 176: well uh yeah they do {X}{C: weird overlap} post ends they had to use them used uh fence posts in around there and there wire there the wire too and a wooden post along here and along there. {X} Interviewer: And what what would you call several of them together? The plural of that. um if there was if you had one post that {X} to two were they um were they laid in a in a huge {X} 176: yeah yeah they were- they're- they were there they would be uh put one there and then and another one you know coming across that in the corner and they would zigzag. Interviewer: uh what about uh a fence or a wall thats made of loose rocks or stones that you might get from a field did did you ever did ya'll ever have any of stones maybe a fence made out of stones or rocks? 176: yeah uh we had to use the fences was made out of rocks but the um and the pleat was made of wire too thats what they made a- and then they furnished with what they bore or sat in to uh cook the syrup uh it was made out of rocks and clay and um we didn't have bricks then {X} and they made that out of rocks and clay and of course they had to repair it every- every year but it um help the boar up and Interviewer: what about a fence? 176: And they could serve in there. Interviewer: rock stones that you might see 176: {X} the hogs in there. Interviewer: uh what if- if you've got um your- your real good dishes what what are they made of? 176: um uh china Interviewer: um {D: if have you um have you ever seen an egg say something like that} 176: yes I have I've seen that before. Interviewer: and what what would what would that be called then? um is there a name for um or any different name at the time? 176: what makes an artificial egg I guess you'd call it {D: wouldn't you}? Interviewer: for decoration 176: for decoration yeah but Interviewer: um {D: a dating service sort of some ah} 176: and scolded the horse Interviewer: the kitchen turns first and you say uh what about uh what did you use to carry your water in from the well? 176: buckets wood buckets Interviewer: uh did uh when did you have had metal or did you? 176: did do what Interviewer: Did you use metal buckets did you ever have any metal? 176: uh it was I was about grown before we ever had a metal bucket Interviewer: uh ho uh about how big were what would that be called then 176: I think about forty feet deep was the well about forty so far down Interviewer: would the bucket of water be heavy? 176: yes it would be heavy yes heavy now the old house we didn't have a bucket in the well we I mean a buck- had a bucket but uh sweep uh that uh if you pulled down and and then the switch pulled the bucket up. um we've had a long it had a weight on the end of it they called it a sweeper. it was long long and the end it had a weight on it and you pulled it down into the well and made the bucket sink and then you had to hold it to come up you didn't pull it up you held it to keep it coming up too fast and spilling the water and then when you got to the top why they when they got to the top of the well they um they sweep. they wait on it and going back down to the ground and you just took your water out and uh and they poured it out into whatever {X} you never knew about that way. well that that was an old timey way of getting water up we use to uh it had a long uh it was all wood uh it had a lo- a log and it was put up on the high pole and it had uh um peg that went through there that went through the the um stand that helped the log up it had a peg wooden peg and helped it off the top and that um it was hewn down with the uh hewn it down you know the log and it was made square uh an axe that we used to hew it down and the poured a hole made a hole through this log and then they had this uh wooden peg that wen through there. and um that um then it it it toppered there they had a pole that come down it was easy for you it wasn't- it wasn't too big that you can hold and you pulled it down like this and pulled it down and then when you got it in the {X} got your bucket full then you rolled it up but you had to hold it to- to- to steady to keep your water from spilling and you didn't let it come up too fast everybody drew the water up he didn't have to. pull it down you know. you never had heard tell of that? well that was that was the way to draw water in those days. and it was not you'd think it was bad but it was it was not bad to get it up and out of the water. Interviewer: this was a covered well. 176: no no it wasn't and um Interviewer: um now um you use the bucket a bucket cane now what what did you use to carry the milk in? 176: wooden bucket. Interviewer: a wooden bucket? 176: and after you milk then everything was after the milk was stained we used a cloth. just strain the milk always strain the milk. and all of that washed and put out in sunshine everyday. Uh after you got through with the milk that was all washed and put out in the sun. Interviewer: uh what kind of cloth? 176: well it was uh uh some- it was a kind of thin material and uh that they used it {X} with the straining process and it was washed sterilized we would then put in the sun. no no there was no ogre left in in it. Interviewer: {X} everyday? 176: everyday. after you milk. Interviewer: uh what about wooden bucket to carry your milk in. What, do you have a special name that um that were made out of metal what would have it been called? 176: the milk bucket. we always call it a milk bucket. Interviewer: Now did you ever hear it called a- a pail did you ever call it a pail or did y'all ever call it- 176: well no we just called it the milk bucket. Interviewer: um Now what about the container that you use to carry the feed to the pigs in. what was it called? 176: slop bucket they called it. Interviewer: uh and w- was it the same kind of bucket? 176: yeah yeah yeah Interviewer: were all these the same bucket or did you keep them separate? 176: oh they were kept separate. Sure can't, you would never keep your milk bucket was kept, uh slop bucket was not being uh um it was not as clean {X} you kept your milk you had to keep your milk bucket clean and {X} everything. the milk bucket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. we always called it the milk bucket. now where where did you keep the uh slop bucket? did you keep it in the kitchen? 176: no no outside outside yeah. Interviewer: well would that have uh table scraps? 176: yeah it'd have table scraps any kind of scraps that you had left from preparing the vegetables and stuff put it all in there. Interviewer: well when you were working in the kitchen and you had those scraps did- did you take them right out to the slop bucket or did you have something? 176: no it was it was wet th-they had a stand outside in the back of the kitchen and a window and um you put all that out on that stand. Ya it was a stand and the buckets was on the stand. Interviewer: in little pieces Mm-hmm um now where where did you keep the uh slop bucket did you keep it in the kitchen? 176: no no outside #1 outside yeah # Interviewer: #2 you kept it outside # well would that have uh table scrapes? 176: yeah had to have a table scraps and any kind of scraps that you have left from preparing the vegetables and stuff put it all in there. Interviewer: well when you were working in the kitchen and you had these scrapes did did you take um right out to the slop bucket or did you have something in the kitchen? 176: no they were it was wet th-they had a stand outside at the back of the kitchen and window and um you put all that out on that stand. It was a stand and the buckets was on this stand. Interviewer: {X}? 176: put it out of the window. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um what about does the {B} kitchen, to- what what do you used to fry eggs in? 176: {D: well I had a prickle} Iron griddle by the egg shed. Interviewer: and um did did uh did you ever know about one that that they had in a fireplace with legs on it? 176: yeah uh yeah we had those and I {X} but we didn't use 'em so you see my grandfather had bought this wood stove and and uh i-it it was we used it. it was left there in the house when my grandmother left she left this wood stove and we used it um for years after that Interviewer: what um 176: What we had old {X} parts that had the legs on 'em and everything they were um there but we didn't use it the fireplace. Now once in a while they would let my mother would use it to bake potatoes you know she thought that baked potatoes might be good in the fireplace. Interviewer: uh what what was this called that that was in the fire place were the lanes that it was in also called a... 176: the what? Interviewer: the um the the your grand mother, whoever used to use {X} you had the wooden stove. was it also called an iron griddle? 176: well it had a lid to it what you baked bread and uh everything in it. yeah it was cold there but it had a lid on it everything you cook on it uh in the fireplace you had to have a lid that they did t- you know then cook it over. Interviewer: uh-huh. 176: have lids on it. Interviewer: um what about nowadays what do you you call um, the um, utensils that you use to cook eggs in or fry in 176: frying pan. Interviewer: #1 you call it a frying pan # 176: #2 frying pan I use frying pan # Interviewer: #1 # 176: #2 # Interviewer: um did uh uh one man touch {X} what um, did you have anything or do do you remember your grandmother ever had anything that uh some big black something that like out in the backyard you used to fold clothes in 176: yeah a wash pot Interviewer: #1 a wash pot okay # 176: #2 yeah yeah always # for the clothes. Interviewer: was it used for anything else or was it you used- 176: mostly just for {X} uh my mother cooked lard in it you know cooked out the uh she called it cooking out the lard it's the fat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: from the hog she'd cook it out in there and then she cooked the tallow from the cow and make a big you know make uh cook that with the tallow. Interviewer: now weren't you telling me the other day um that she stored the uh {X} that she made in? 176: yeah in the in the fat in the in the lard. Interviewer: um what about what do you call this up here on the TV uh the utensil or something that you use to keep flowers in? Just just something that you'd have that you went outside and cut the flowers and cut um and put um in what you call 176: a vase. Interviewer: or what about um lets see some of the uh things you have around here are uh {X} outside what are they called? 176: beds. Interviewer: and about that what about the uh little um earthen ware? 176: pots. {D: private pots}. Interviewer: and those are those you wouldn't call a vase a flower pot? 176: no no {D: well it was the vase}. Uh-huh. Interviewer: what um could you name the um some of the eating utensils in other words just some of your silverware what are the different names of 176: well uh big spoon and uh and uh the knife and the fork and uh its the uh soup spoon and uh a teaspoon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 176: and a ice tea spoon and um butcher knife and uh the large vegetable spoon. Interviewer: what about if you had um were speaking about of we have more than one knife wha- how would you refer to? 176: knives. Interviewer: okay um if uh if the dishes were dirty and it was almost supper time a- and all your dishes were dirty before before you could have supper you- you would say well I'll 176: wash the dishes. Interviewer: and uh what about after you wash the dishes you'd say after she washed the dishes then she 176: dry them rinsed um off rinsed them Interviewer: #1 uh-huh to get the soap off. # 176: #2 {X}. # yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. of what do you use to what what do you call the the cloth that you use to wash the dishes? 176: dish cloth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and uh what about the cloth that you use to dry the dishes with? 176: drying cloth. Interviewer: um what about the uh terry cloth that you use to wash your face with? 176: well that's a wash cloth {X} Interviewer: and what about to dry yourself off after you've had a bath? 176: towel. Interviewer: um now at the uh {X} the uh kitchen sink to turn the water on what do you call the... 176: the faucet. Interviewer: and uh do you also call the outside water pipe? 176: no yeah that is a faucet. Interviewer: um what about um the uh do you ever refer to uh the kitchen sink or the bathroom sink where you turn the water do you ever refer to it any- as anything other than faucet? 176: spigot. ya the spigot in the yard we I believe we called them in the yard a spigot and in the house a faucet. Interviewer: #1 where you turn the water on? # 176: #2 yeah yeah. # Interviewer: was there any reason for calling? 176: well no I I don't I don't remember that there were {X} Interviewer: but did you just remember that that 176: #1 That yeah. # Interviewer: #2 station was the # {X}. but you you call 'em faucets now. 176: yeah most of the time yeah. but they do c- c- um talk about the in yard being a spigot {X}. Interviewer: but you wouldn't call the one in the house a spigot? 176: no. no I wouldn't. Interviewer: um If um gotta think if it were real cold weather and um and y- you um um didn't tie your the spigots or faucets up outside then there um there'd be a possibility that last night the water pipes might? 176: freeze. Interviewer: or what if they came over in other words if they uh 176: burst. Interviewer: same thing that if you stuck a pen in a balloon. 176: yeah yeah. Interviewer: balloon. um now we've already talked about the size of of flour and stuff in barrels get barrels from Savannah and all and um what about uh I don't believe you mentioned that you ever bought and did you ever buy molasses or did ya'll make- 176: no we made that. yeah that, we got the molasses out of out of the when it drained out to make the sugar. Interviewer: what about if you uh do- do you what were what was molasses or lard stored in if- if you did buy it do you 176: #1 in barrels. # Interviewer: #2 remember? Mm-hmm # 176: #1 in barrels.B # Interviewer: #2 Barrels? # um if um you're wanting to pour some water into a narrow mouthed bottle what would you use to get the water what would you use to pour it in? 176: uh funnel Interviewer: funnel? what uh when you had the horses and buggies or if you remember about horses and buggies what do- what would your father use to make the horse go faster? 176: a whip. Interviewer: you uh-huh. 176: whip. Interviewer: and uh {X} bought some say nowadays if you bought some fruit at the store what um what would the gro- what would you put 'em in to take to the grocer to be weighed? what what would they be putting it in- 176: in a bag. in a paper bag. Interviewer: paper bag uh-huh. um um lets see. what were they did you use the paper bags or were they made out of something else? 176: well we didn't {X} there was a paper bags back when I was a child grew up. there wasn't anything- Interviewer: wasn't anything like it? 176: no I- I don't remember it being #1 anything plastic # Interviewer: #2 were # bags and- 176: no there was no plastic at all. Interviewer: all of this what were what were they made of did you have any kind of a sack or 176: well I don't remember there being any kind of sacks unless uh we made one out of some kind of materials cloth like a sack out of {X}. Interviewer: well then you had your feed and all so you didn't 176: Didn't buy anything they'd have to have Interviewer: #1 can't just have anything # 176: #2 no # Interviewer: everything came in barrels? 176: yeah yeah it was bought in barrels. Interviewer: um what about after you started buyi- now like you said occasionally you'd get some sugar from Savannah what would it um how how what would it be 176: #1 barrels yes yes. # Interviewer: #2 sugar in barrels? Mm-hmm # 176: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # um what about uh the coffee? 176: well it was green coffee and it was in barrels too Interviewer: {X}. what about after you uh uh worked in the fertilizer and feed or everything what would the feed and all come in? when you were working in your store? 176: oh well now after that then you see we had plenty of sacks an everything and i- and it was um burlap bags for the fertilizer was in and then uh paper bags the feed and you bought oh man and the seed came in mostly in um pork bags. the seed. and some of um was in burlap bags. Interviewer: now you said that y'all used to take your corn to the mill 176: #1 yeah mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 to be ground up # what um did- did you have a specific term for the amount of corn that you would take in one time to the mill to be ground- 176: well usually we carried it in by the bushel you know would have. bushel. Interviewer: um what about do would you have a term um for the amount of wood that you could carry like the boys would go out at school house you'd say they would go out and get the wood to bring in t- to burn wh- have you ever heard the term to use for- 176: yeah uh they- they'd bring in a ton of wood. Interviewer: a ton of wood? 176: yeah. a ton of wood. Interviewer: I've never heard that. 176: well thats what they'd do you'd go and bring in a ton of wood. Interviewer: and that means just what you could ca- 176: what you could carry. Interviewer: um what about like last night tried to turn on your {NW} your back light um and I thought it was out if it had been burned out then you'd say today you were going to have to put in a new 176: new bulb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh when you're uh carrying out your clothes to hang up on the line what do you take them out in? 176: um in the well I you mean when I what I took 'em out to the line in? Interviewer: Uh-huh and you've just washed 'em and were taking them out to dry and wha- what do you have a name for the 176: clothes basket. Interviewer: Clothes basket. um what about nails when you buy a lot of nails what do they come in 176: a keg a wooden keg. Interviewer: um now did ya'll used to buy nails 176: what? Interviewer: did y'all buy nails? 176: yeah yeah yeah we had {X}. Interviewer: would you get those from Savannah? 176: yeah. Interviewer: um what did you call uh speaking of these barrels what uh went around the barrel that held the wood? 176: well it was um I don't know what it was made out of but it was some kind of metal that held 'em together. that um and uh y- you tighten them if the got uh the barrel shrunk up and uh if you were going to put some liquid in there it was leaking why you took a hammer and um and tighten those uh um bands it was around and it was some kind of metal I don't know what it was made out of you could tighten them and put them you would see the bell was small at the end and got bigger to the middle and um so you- you drove 'em down to tighten. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. um and you then said that y'all used to take baths in the barrels that in the {X}? 176: well yeah in the yeah you take baths in the in the uh tub you see it was was cut half in two but those big barrels was pretty good size you could sit down in there. {D: Sure}. Interviewer: Uh couldn't a dog? 176: child naw I don't think a dog could. Interviewer: um Now why- and it would hold the water. Now would you- 176: oh yeah yeah yeah hold the water and they used them at the washing. wash the clothes. and then there's soap 'em wash 'em. and they had uh we had uh a block that was a big tree cut and then uh it was smooth on top but it was sawed off and uh we had uh stick that you'd beat the clothes Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 176: to get the dirt to loosen up the dirt is what we say you know and um {X} so we had to do that and then put them in the pot to boil. Interviewer: um and uh if you want to uh stop up uh a bottle what would you use to put- put in the top of a bottle? 176: a cork. Interviewer: um 176: a stopper? Interviewer: yeah i- is that- that's what you usually call it? 176: yeah a stopper Interviewer: A stopper? 176: Cork stopper. Interviewer: lets see. these are two um speaking about two musical instruments um what what do you call or have you ever seen a- a little silver instrument about so big with different little notes on it that you would use to play- 176: Mare harp? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 thats what I though # Interviewer: #2 Did you # play different- different 176: #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 songs # on it? Uh-huh. uh have you ever played one done? 176: uh yeah. Interviewer: really? what about um have you ever seen something that you uh this is another musical instrument you hold it between your your teeth and pick it with your 176: it's a um Jew Saw. Interviewer: Uh-huh it makes a funny 176: #1 yeah yeah. # Interviewer: #2 a funny kind of sound. # 176: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # um did y'all used to have those- 176: yeah yeah yeah yeah used to have those Jews harp they called it. Interviewer: um lets see on a on a wa- with with two horses what is the name for the long wooden piece that comes between the two horses? 176: its the tongue. Interviewer: tongue? 176: yeah. a wagon tongue. Interviewer: and um uh if you if you have a horse that's pulling a buggy before you can hitch him up you have to back him in between 176: the shags. Interviewer: on a b- on the buggy? Uh-huh to uh what is that to get the 176: to you have to put the- the there's a piece that comes across uh the horse that holds it and you run the shags in that and i- and it holds the uh shags up for him to pull and you have traces that you hook on to the uh thing that goes across those shags. Interviewer: uh-huh. 176: and uh that's and that's hooked on to the cart and that's what what he pulls with. Interviewer: um so its no pressure {D: you know} real pressure on the horse- 176: nothing on there on this cart. Interviewer: {X} Um, what what do you call the steel the steel outside uh of a wagon wheel? 176: the rim. Interviewer: it's the rim? okay. and uh have have you ever heard of the filly? 176: the what? Interviewer: the filly? 176: the filly? Interviewer: Filly uh-huh. 176: that's a young horse. Interviewer: um what about have you ever heard of it in reference to a wagon wheel? Lemme see. in reference to the wheel if it's just the individual piece with the two, two spoke holes or is it the whole wheel or have you just never never heard of the felly referred to as a wagon- 176: no no never have no no never heard of that. Interviewer: that was one of the terms that they had um just wondered if you ever used it but you just used it as the wagon wheel and the rim of the wheel and what were the things- 176: Spokes Interviewer: #1 Spokes uh-huh # 176: #2 the spoke yes yeah # Interviewer: those were the different parts. 176: yeah. Interviewer: what about all the parts to the wagon wheel? 176: well if they uh they was the outside was uh was iron you see. the rim they called it and the inside part all was wood. Interviewer: um let's see uh we may have mentioned this jus- just a minute ago. when a horse is hitched to a wagon what do you call the bar of wood that the traces are fastened to {NS} 176: the singletree. Interviewer: now what does that {X} 176: well that's uh the traces are are uh and it's on a uh uh the singletree is on they put it on there with a- a {X} that goes through and it works as the horse uh a- as uh uh moves it works back into it as the horse walks you see. Gives him uh room to walk it- it it was solid why when he walked it would be a- a terrible strainer but it moves moves as it uh as he walks and they call that a singletree Interviewer: Well now that's something I've never heard of either. what about if you had um two horses and each one had would have a singletree? 176: yeah and then a double see a doubletree and then the single each one would have a s uh there's a doubletree that goes in the was in the center. Interviewer: yeah. 176: and then at one on each side and each horse had a singletree that that moved you know as he walked with his it m- it uh moved a- uh his motions moved that s- thing you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. um speaking of a wagon if uh um man loading up some wood on his wagon and uh and then he was gonna take it take it somewhere take it over to a neighbors house or something other um what would you say that he was doing that wood he was... um uh a term or a verb ha- what would you say that he would he would 176: Doing a good deed? Interviewer: #1 yeah. # 176: #2 {X}? # Interviewer: or around or even not necessarily to a neighbor's if he was just getting some maybe just getting some wood uh in the- out in the field and bringing it to the house um {X} 176: hauling a load of wood? Interviewer: uh-huh. 176: hauling up a load of wood. Interviewer: {X} and uh he would he's hauling 176: yeah to your horse. hauling wood that's- that's what we always called it Interviewer: {NS} um {NS} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: {NS} um {NS} {NS} if there's been a heavy rain and the rain's cut a channel out across a road or a field what do you call 176: A ditch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh a a {D: didn't} narrow valley that'd been cut by a stream of water in the woods about two feet deep and {D: ten a fall} Do you call that an- make any distinction between 176: Uh there's a {D: dip} uh kind of a branch with it, a stream of Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 water. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or a what about if something's bigger than a ditch, a little bit bigger than a ditch? Um it'd be you'd have any other term for a ditch {X} 176: #1 Uh no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: I don't think. I don't I don't remember Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about a a a gully or a 176: Well it #1 could be a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: gully, yeah I've heard {D: of that} uh where the water'd cut, there'd be so much water 'til it would cut a gully through the field and Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh 176: you know, deep {D: cuts} {NS} wide {NS} Interviewer: You have heard that term 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 gully? # 176: Gully. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see now what about talking about streams of water um there are small small in other words like there's a um the rivers up here and uh what are some some water that ru- running water that smaller than a river 176: Creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh if there {D: and} any others that you 176: And branches. Interviewer: Uh-huh 176: And that's that's all I Interviewer: {X} 176: Creeks and the river and the branches and Interviewer: Are uh branches 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 larger than # creeks? Or or are creeks larger than branches? Which is the smallest? 176: Creek is the largest. {NS} Interviewer: And next to the river. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 176: {D: Yeah} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um are th- {D: still} there any streams in this area that any names of streams in this area or 176: #1 Not # Interviewer: #2 creeks # 176: other than the uh river and the uh uh creeks. And the branches. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: That's all I know of. Interviewer: What about do you know any specific names of any creeks at all? 176: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: What are some? 176: Willard's Creek and uh Satilla River and uh uh there's two right out there at my place. Uh Hurricane Creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh Whitehead Creek {NS} Interviewer: -huh. 176: And uh the Satilla River And the Altamaha River. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Those are the ones that's nearest here. {NS} And the Oconee is back up across over in Telford County. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. {NS} Okay what um uh about a small rise in the land? What would you call a small rise? 176: A hill. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um is there anything smaller than a hill? 176: Uh {D: no I don't think} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 we don't have # Interviewer: the smallest thing that you you would see would be a hill? 176: #1 Hills, yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # small right? 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about larger? What would you call a larger rise in land? 176: Well that would be a a mountain? Interviewer: {D: You know I guess so} 176: But we don't have any mountains Interviewer: No not around {NW} not around here. Um what about what is this thing on the door that you use to open the 176: Doorknob. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of that knob referring to uh {NS} 176: As a Interviewer: as a hill? Or {X} a la- a rising? 176: Yeah a knob. Yeah, that's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh w 176: #1 Uh uh that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: that is a a a a high place of land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 176: Rise in the land. Interviewer: Do you ever use that or do you just heard it? 176: Heard it. Interviewer: You just heard it. Uh-huh. Um what about um uh the ro- what would you call the rocky side of a mountain that drops off real sharp? 176: That would be the um Interviewer: Or or someone's going to jump off the 176: Cliff. Interviewer: Yeah. Um {NS} what about um in the mountains say uh when you've been up in the mountains and and when the road goes down in a low place between two mountains, what do you call 176: Valley. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about where uh {X} that uh your your daddy built a a pier to to unload the 176: Yeah. Interviewer: uh fertilizer um when he 176: Uh- Interviewer: #1 got # 176: #2 huh. # Interviewer: fertilizer. Uh what um did you ever heard of some of the other terms for a boat landing, where a boat would stop to unload? 176: Well this was not just a regular landing, it was uh it was a place that {X} {D: made it deport} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: you know so he could get to it. Interviewer: Yeah. What about just um um a larger place, maybe a real large lake or something, you know the um um 176: That the boat Interviewer: yeah uh 176: talking about the Interviewer: Uh-huh. What 176: Uh that would be a dock, wouldn't it? Interviewer: {D: Alright, um the} Uh-huh. {X} 176: Where the boat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: stops. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Uh what about on the ocean? Maybe where ships would come in? Um 176: That would be a Interviewer: Anything different {X} 176: I know but I can't Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 think. # Interviewer: was it um was it a port? 176: #1 Port yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 that's it. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 heard # the term? And then a landing would just 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 be a # {X} 176: Yeah. {D: float} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 port would # Interviewer: {X} 176: They stop and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: unload the Interviewer: Um what about uh a place where a large amount of water falls from a {D: lot} high distance what would you call 176: Waterfall. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} Um let's see what is a kinda white hard paved road li- or like the sidewalk out here, what kind of uh sidewalk is it? 176: Um cement. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um what are uh are most of the roads the roads around here are they uh are they hard or are they dirt? 176: Well they they uh they said um they use mostly around here is that uh they don't use the cement, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: It's uh Interviewer: What color is it? 176: Black. Um I can't think of the name of it now. I know but I can't Interviewer: #1 Kind of a # 176: #2 think of it. # Interviewer: hard like 176: Yeah it's it they put the rock down and then pour this uh black um {NS} um something or over over the rock Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you see. # They put down the rock and let the road {D: see it} and then pour this um Interviewer: Let's see the {X} or um blacktop? Something or other like 176: yeah, it's a blacktop that they put on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And that's mostly the roads around here is built like that. Interviewer: Like that? 176: It wears out lots faster than um cement. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um what would you call a a little road that was off a main road? 176: A side road? Uh Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or any other names that you've ever {D: ever} heard uh um say if you {X} outside the {D: city} um the small road off the main highway {X} is that a {D: five} road? 176: Yeah, I would think it would be off of the Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 highway. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {NS} let's see what about um um did you used to have maybe when you were taking the cows from one lot to the next or one field to the next, what what would you call a little little road like that you'd walk the cows? {D: Let's see} do you have special names for um little uh trail or road where the cows would 176: Well usually Interviewer: cows 176: they just cross the road you Interviewer: #1 Cross # 176: #2 see? # Interviewer: the r- 176: From one field across the road over to the next field. Interviewer: So there they wouldn't have a special little 176: #1 No, no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 you wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} just regular road? Um let's see if um you picked up a um a stone outside and maybe you saw a um um dog tramping in flowers or something or other, what you would um what would you do? You would 176: Throw it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Throw it {D: after} the dog. Interviewer: To get him out of the 176: #1 Flowers # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Uh what about if you'd go to somebody's house and they're not there then you'd say no- uh he's not 176: Here. Interviewer: Uh-huh 176: Not home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If um if you were talking about um talking about coffee and what would you say what would you call coffee that that doesn't have milk in it? 176: Uh black coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And is that {D: that's} the term that you use? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh uh what about is there any other name that you'd use for coffee that doesn't have milk or sugar? 176: Just plain coffee. Interviewer: Just plain coffee. {D: And} that would just be noth- 176: #1 nothing in it. # Interviewer: #2 nothing in it. # 176: Nothing in Interviewer: {X} Um say if th- if you like to have milk in your coffee then how what would you say if you um someone were going to get you a cup of coffee and you wanted milk in it, you'd say well I want coffee 176: With milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} with milk, 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 they'd say # coffee with milk, coffee with sugar or milk, sugar whatever. Um if someone is uh is not they're not going away from you, then you would say they're coming 176: Coming to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about if you saw somebody at say at the Piggly Wiggly and you were out there this morning and you saw somebody that you hadn't seen for quite a while then you might say well this morning I um or you were talking to us later you'd say well I 176: Went to the grocery store to the Piggly Wiggly Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and saw so-and-so and talked with 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um did uh what do you ever use the term run across I r- I ran across somebody? 176: Yeah. Yeah I Interviewer: {D: do you use} 176: ran across so-and-so at the store. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And when would you use that, when you hadn't seen 'em for a while? Or 176: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # that you didn't 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 usually # 176: #1 Yeah, # Interviewer: #2 see # 176: didn't usually see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um if a a child is given the same name as his father has then you'd say they named the child 176: After the father. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay {X} some of these terms are about animals. What um is what kind of an animal is Kim? 176: It's a dog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh uh I if uh if if you wanted a dog to attack somebody, have you ever heard of a term or do you use any kind of a term to tell a dog like to attack somebody? 176: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um 176: Well say catch him. Or sic him. Interviewer: Sic him? {NS} 176: Sic Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 him. # Interviewer: Do you use that much? Um what about if a if the uh dog is um mixed- breed, it's all different kind of mixed, just mixed uh couldn't really tell one particular breed, what what kinda dog? Do you have a special name 176: Well I'd just say it was a mixed-breed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {NS} do you ever call it um are there are there any distinction between uh the mixed-breeds? In other words, do you uh dog that you can't tell exactly what {NS} pedigree or what breed they are, do you have any distinctions or are they just all mixed breeds do- 176: Just mixed-breed, just Interviewer: Do you ever refer to them as mutts or 176: Yeah, I've heard 'em called mutts. Interviewer: like that or mongrel? 176: Mongrels, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And uh-huh. What about cur? 176: Yeah, I've heard 'em call 'em curs. Interviewer: But you've never used that term? 176: No I never Interviewer: You call 'em mixed-breeds? 176: #1 Mixed- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: breed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um what uh if somebody got um {X} was playing around with a dog and it and it bit him then you'd say he was what? Um 176: Mad. You mean the dog? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well yeah but like uh just if if um {NS} if I came over here and told you that Kim had bit me then I would say I I have a 176: Dog bite. Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. And uh let's see um di- and do you use that term in other words, that that's been a common term that you used or 176: Dog bite. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh let's say if a mailman where coming in and and uh there was a ferocious dog in the yard, {D: he was} {X} watch out or you'll get 176: Bit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see what in uh what is the {D: in other words} cow. What is the male 176: Bull. Interviewer: {X} Uh-huh 176: Bull {D: it's} Interviewer: And uh 176: The female is a cow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um 176: The young one is a calf. Interviewer: Calf, uh-huh. What what would several of the {X} would be then what would the plural of that be then? 176: The what? Interviewer: Uh if more than one calf would be 176: Cows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay now what let's see with um what about if uh a cow is expecting a calf? Uh then you would say how would you say that say if you had a cow by the name of Daisy that she was expecting a calf, then you would say Daisy is going to 176: Have a calf. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um have you ever heard of any other term that you know that 176: #1 No I don't think I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} #1 What # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: um c- um drop a calf? 176: Yeah, Interviewer: #1 Would you # 176: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Yeah there was that, yeah, # gonna drop a calf. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Let's see if you have a pair uh for instance you've got what what do you call the maybe the mules that are pulling a cart or something or other, you've got a um you've got {D: cut} several mules that are pulling pulling on carts um then you'd would you call 'em a like the uh um {D: bore teen} commercial um {D: thorax} commercial where the the 176: Have several pulling? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Well I don't know {X} kn- kne- knew about that or what they called you know Interviewer: Um and they said well what about just 176: It's a team of horses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or a team of mul- 176: Mules Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 yeah. # Uh-huh. Interviewer: And what about with just two m- 176: You just say two Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or or would you call it a pair? 176: Pair. #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # A pair of mules? Uh what is a male horse? 176: It's a stud. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um and uh have you ever heard any other terms {X} 176: #1 Jack- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: ass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about let's see now we been over the- what is a female horse 176: A mare. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh alright let's see and uh what what are the things that you put on a horse's feet to protect 'em? 176: Uh horseshoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what is the part of the horse's foot that that you uh put the shoe on? 176: The bottom. Bottom part. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Let's # see hoof. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see, what about if you were hopped up on a horse and you were riding, but then you hit a bump or hit so- stopped suddenly or something then you'd say I {C: car horn} 176: Fell. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh, or or {NS} and you 176: Went over. Interviewer: um went down to the ground, I fell 176: Off of the horse? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um did you ever play a game with the the shoes that you put on the 176: Horseshoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh, did y'all ever play? 176: No I don't think, I don't remember that Interviewer: Uh-huh. But uh do you remember other people 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Yeah Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {D: Okay} Um let's see these two questions are about sheep, what is a a male sheep called? 176: A ram. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um have you ever heard of any other term? {D: for} uh 176: I don't think that I have. Interviewer: A buck? Have you ever heard it called a bu- 176: Well now uh deer is a buck Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: but the sheep now I we Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 always heard it # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 called a # ram. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did y'all have any 176: Yeah, yeah Interviewer: {D: You had} sheep? 176: Sheep and goats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what about a female sheep? 176: It's a ewe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {D: White and dimpy} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what would they have on 'em? What do they have on their 176: Wool. Interviewer: And um what about a male hog? What is a male hog? 176: Boar. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called anything else? Or is that what y'all refer to 'em all? {X} 176: I don't know. Don't remember. Interviewer: Yeah. 176: A boar hog's Interviewer: #1 {D: call 'em} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that all, uh-huh? Um what about a male that's been uh sick for 176: Well that Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 uh # that's a boar uh {D: bare} Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um what about a um what what is one called when it's first born? {C: train whistle} 176: A pig. Interviewer: And uh when it's a little older? 176: Shoat. Interviewer: A- what are what are called when they're full-grown? 176: Well uh uh grown hog I guess Interviewer: Uh- 176: #1 they # Interviewer: #2 huh # 176: say. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} those terms {NW} Uh how big would a pig have to be to be called a shoat? 176: Shoat or about well between forty to fifty pounds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there a special term for an unbred female? {NS} 176: An unbred female. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Well now they might be but I don't Interviewer: {X} {NS} 176: I don't remember. Interviewer: What do uh hogs have on their backs? What are the rough sticky things that they 176: Oh the hair. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh is it are they called anything else? 176: Bristles Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 across their back. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {D: anything else?} What about um the big teeth? 176: Tushes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um and is that something that you'd call 176: #1 Tusk. # Interviewer: #2 or # Interviewer: Uh-huh, do you call that that's the {X} that you refer to as an elephant also has {X} 176: Well Interviewer: #1 {D: the hog?} # 176: #2 yes. # Something similar to that. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Call it a # nothing like its {X} Interviewer: No {X} {NW} {NS} uh what about a hog that's wild? That's grown up wild? {NS} Do you have a {NS} have you ever heard a name for one that {NS} a wild 176: Well I've heard tell of wild boars and wild wild hogs Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {D: whatever} # Interviewer: And uh would they be somebody that'd just gotten loose from somebody? 176: yeah and then got you know not been around anybody and all until they {NS} {X} wild. Interviewer: {X} do they attack? 176: Yeah. If they got hemmed up they would. But if you didn't hem 'em up, they'd try to get away from you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {NS} what do you do what do what's the term that you call to fix the pigs so that they wouldn't breed? 176: Castrate 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of any other 176: Oh y- no. Interviewer: term that you {NS} 176: No, castrated, that's all I've ev- Interviewer: {X} {NW} {NS} what about um {NS} uh {NS} a calf that's being weened, what kind of a noise does it make? 176: A calf that's Interviewer: #1 A calf. # 176: #2 being # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Well it um it will um bleat {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 176: Want to get to it's mother. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: and it's a lo- {X} making a noise. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um when a cow, during feeding time, what what is the gentle noises that the cows make? Um the term used for a gentle noise that cows make? 176: Around feeding time? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They mooing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh have uh {X} uh what about the uh the physical term where um around uh the Christmas around the cows were uh have you ever heard of the term low? The cows 176: They're lowing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: Calling 'em} moo, that's the same thing 176: Same Interviewer: #1 Mooing # 176: #2 thing. # Uh-huh Interviewer: Uh-huh it's just a {D: Christmas} term? Um what about a horse? What kind of a noise does a horse make? 176: Well it makes a different sounds you know it's uh kind of a {NS} um Interviewer: What do they call it? Uh or do you usually refer to a horse as doing what? 176: Um I can't think of now what the Interviewer: Have you ever heard of whinny? 176: Whinny. That's it Interviewer: Uh-huh 176: #1 That's it, that's what I was trying to think of # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 It # uh {NS} Interviewer: Um what about if if you've got let me see if you you y'all had chickens and turkeys and 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 geese # and all what when you were going to feed them and you wanted to just use the common name for all of the 176: #1 The flock. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh, what would you'd say you're going out to feed the 176: The uh the um Interviewer: What is it? 176: {NW} I know what it is, {X} uh Interviewer: {X} Or 176: The fowls? Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. Yeah. Uh uh what do the hens do on a nest of {D: things} is called a 176: Sitting. Interviewer: And uh what about where where the chickens stay? 176: In the chicken pen. Chicken house. And they have a roost where they Interviewer: Where they 176: stay at night. Interviewer: {D: stay} Uh-huh. What is the uh the bone in the chicken that that you break to see who has the good luck? 176: Uh {D: leg} the um pully bone. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And and who 176: #1 Wishbone. # Interviewer: #2 will get the # Interviewer: what now which one is it that you have to {X} get the 176: Breastbone. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And when you pull it if you if you wind up with the lo- which is it? The long end or 176: #1 Long. # Interviewer: #2 the short? # 176: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 long # Interviewer: #2 long # 176: end. Interviewer: You have good luck if you end up with the long end? {NW} 176: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what are the inside parts of a chicken that that you eat? The liver and the heart and the gizzards 176: The gizzard, the liver and the gizzard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And some people eats the heart. I don't like it. Interviewer: {NW} I just like the liver. {X} Uh what about uh the insides of a pig or calf that you eat? 176: Well they eat the liver and some people eat the uh lites, then that they the lungs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They call 'em lites #1 you know? # Interviewer: #2 lites? # 176: Hog lites. {NS} Interviewer: Um are uh what about are are {D: the pig} or is there a general term for the insides, its like the insides of a pig or in other words like {NW} do yo- what do you use to make um certain kind of cornbread that I've had, that you made, {D: it's something} 176: There's uh sweetbread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what what what are the little hard pieces the insides of the pig? Um 176: Liver? Interviewer: Yeah or uh what a- chitterlings uh 176: Chitterlings. Interviewer: Do you use that you'd use that term? Now what is that the {D: heart} chitterlings then. 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Are {X} the insides of a pig? 176: Yeah, yeah. Uh-huh. Interviewer: And stuffs you u- 176: #1 That's the intestines # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh don't you put those in some kinda bread that you make? {X} 176: No I never Interviewer: What was that kinda bread that I had that that um that 176: It wasn't chitterling bread I made. Interviewer: {X} it had hard some kind of hard {NS} 176: Crackling bread. Interviewer: Crackling bread, that 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # now what's that? 176: The the cracklings is what you get out of the when you get the uh lard outta you see you cook it out Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and that leaves uh little cracklings, you know. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 And you # use that to make crackling bread. Interviewer: And it's chewy? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Um let's see if uh if it's time to feed the the stock and uh you do the chores then what what time is it? You'd say well it's it's i- in other words if you had to go out and feed the stock then you'd say it's 176: Be in i- it'd be uh uh late in the afternoon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And but maybe just a term that you'd call you'd say well it's 176: Time to feed the Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: The Interviewer: #1 Um # 176: #2 uh # Interviewer: did you ever may- say feeding time? 176: yeah, feeding time. Interviewer: Feeding time. 176: Uh-huh Interviewer: Or uh {X} {NS} now what about did you ever used to have to call the cows or just call 'em in? Do you remember 176: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 calling # 176: I don't remember {X} we'd get out and holler uh and they'd go to coming up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Is that the feeding 176: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 part # or {NW} 176: {NW} no not that I remember too much about, it was just uh {NS} just kinda have a holler you know that they understood Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 176: #2 that it # was time to come to the house. Interviewer: Yeah. What about um the same thing with the cows and or or horses, what about calls for horses? Did uh 176: Well uh we didn't ever turn our horses out. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {D: mules} # they they stayed in the inside. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {X} Well we couldn't let the mules and the cows go together because they they always get to running 'em. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Running the # cows {X} {NS} Interviewer: What um what do you say to mules or horses to make 'em go left and right? 176: Gee and haw. Interviewer: And which is which? 176: Gee to the right and haw to the left. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say that both to horses and mules? 176: Yeah. Uh-huh Interviewer: {X} uh how how long does it take to train 'em train 'em on 176: Well I wouldn't know about that, I I know that they did train 'em though Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know. # 176: And they soon learned, you see you {NS} when you uh they train 'em they when they say gee they pull Interviewer: Pull 176: to the right Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and they say haw they pull to the left. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: They have a rope you see and tie it onto the bit and so that pulls 'em you see and tha- then they si- soon learn and you don't have to pull. Interviewer: {X} 176: You just call out that gee and then let 'em go that way Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {NS} how do um how do you make the cows stand still for you to milk 'em? 176: Well you have they have to be broke in. You put 'em in first we put 'em in a stock they called it, it was a place that they couldn't move. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: We put 'em in there and we had uh uh boards that you uh poles that you put up at the end after you {X} put 'em in there and put them up and then you were outside of those poles and done the milking Interviewer: Yeah. 176: until they learned to stand still. Interviewer: And they and they 176: {X} and they'd try to kick and they'd hit one of those poles, they would hit you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} Well that was {X} how long would it take for them {X} 176: Well it'd take uh right some time to take a right good while. Maybe a week or so before you could let 'em out {D: and} they'd stand still. {NS} Interviewer: Um what what do you say to a horse when you want him to stop? 176: Whoa. Interviewer: what about when you're backing him up into the buggy to hitch him up? 176: Back up. Interviewer: You tell him back up? 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 176: Yeah they they they soon learn to you know they say back up and Interviewer: Yeah. 176: pull on it and they back up. Interviewer: What about to urge a horse on? Is there anything you say to 'em? 176: You just uh {NS} hit 'em with the lines or with a whip. Interviewer: Would you say anything? {NS} {X} 176: Yeah, giddy up. Giddy up, Interviewer: Giddy up? Um what about calling a sheep? Did you did you ever have to call a sheep? 176: I don't remember ever Interviewer: #1 {D: they didn't call} # 176: #2 calling a sheep # you know they'd always come you know Interviewer: Yeah. 176: up and Interviewer: What about um {NS} chickens, did you ever 176: Yeah. Interviewer: What remember what you'd call to the 176: Well you just say chick chick chick chick Interviewer: #1 And then # 176: #2 chick and # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 they'd come # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Um w- what what would you say if you wanted to get horses ready to go somewhere, you'd say I'm going to what would you hear if you're going to 176: Hitch 'em up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. get get ready to go put 'em on the {X} or whatever 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 they call 'em? # 176: they hitch 'em up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the thing that you hold in your h- your hand when you're driving a buggy? I mean when you're 176: The lines. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about with a horse? What do you call a horse what do you call when you're riding a 176: #1 riding # Interviewer: #2 horse # to guide him with? 176: Uh the holder. What they ride in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: There on the horse. Interviewer: Now is that the string like 176: #1 Yeah they # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: comes on from the bits. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 176: #2 You know # it fits onto the bits. Interviewer: Um where do you put your feet in when you're riding the horse? 176: In the stirrups on the saddle. {NS} Interviewer: Um if I ask you the difference or somebody asked you the difference between here and uh and {B} house it's just well just uh a block away or so then you would say it's not it's not a long way, I mean it's not far it's just a 176: A block. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Just one block down. Interviewer: Or um maybe not even the term block but it's just a 176: Short distance? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or do you ever say it's just a a piece or a 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 just a # short piece of #1 land. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Short piece of land. Uh-huh. {X} Um what about two uh what about if it was a alright that's a like a short piece maybe 176: A short distance Interviewer: Uh-huh 176: #1 a shor- # Interviewer: #2 short # distance, what about if it was a long distance? Do you do you ever say well it's um it's a a what term would you say if um were would you say it's um long uh you'd been traveling and hadn't finished your journey, you might say that you've had a uh 176: A long ride? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if uh you'd been looking for something and you'd looked all over the house and you still can't find it, you'd say well I can't find it if you hadn't been able to find it at all, you'd looked everywhere you could think of you'd say just throw up your hands and say well I can't find it 176: I just can't find it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But like well I I can't find it {NS} 176: Here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. At all? Or 176: At all. Interviewer: Or uh any- anywhere? 176: I don't think it's in the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Um what about if you uh slipped on the rug and you fell back this way? Which way would you be falling? 176: Backward. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if you fell this way? 176: Forward. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about if somebody'd gone fishing and then came back and you saw them, you'd say well did you catch any fish? And they'd say no they hadn't caught any they'd say no 176: There wasn't they didn't catch any. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or um well what about I'd say you know just I hadn't been wanting {X} you know like I hadn't caught anything I'd say well no 176: I haven't caught any. Interviewer: Uh-huh, 176: #1 an- any # Interviewer: #2 or uh # 176: fish? Interviewer: Yeah. What about uh uh not not a one or did you ever heard that? You 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 know # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 say that # 176: not a one. Interviewer: Uh-huh, no- not a one or uh 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh-huh. Um what about if um a school boy might say if his teacher was fussing at him he might say well why is she blaming me? I and he- he's he was just t- saying he was perfectly innocent, then he'd say well why is she blaming me? I 176: I uh I didn't do anything. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um um {D: well} {X} what about if um there were two children {X} and uh one of 'em started crying and saying well he was eating some candy and he didn't give me 176: Any. Interviewer: And um what about i- talking about a spoiled baby and you'd say well when he grows up he'll have um he'll have he'll have trouble um cuz he's been spoiled you'll say do you ever say like he'll have trouble uh he's apt to have trouble 176: #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 or # 176: just in the Interviewer: #1 Un- uh-huh. # 176: #2 other people # Interviewer: What about referring to {X} like he's likely how would you say would you say he's likely to have trouble or he probably have trouble or 176: #1 He's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: likely to have trouble. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Or just {D: that uh} he will Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um um well what do you call the old dead grass that's left over on the ground in the spring? The uh sec- second cutting of the grass that you'd {D: know} in the spring or 176: Well it would be uh Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a term for it? Have you ever heard of the aftermath or 176: No I don't think Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 I have. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: um lattermath of growing? 176: Well it might have been the lattermath of Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 growing. # Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh O- 176: Came up after Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you don't know about it right off {X} 176: No I don't Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 I don't remember # {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what what is the wheat tied up into or the hay? What is it tied 176: A bundle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um {NS} if uh you were telling how much wheat that you'd raised you'd say we r- we raised forty 176: Bushels? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you do to separate the grain with the oats, to separate the grain from the rest of it? 176: Thrash it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um if um if we were referring just to me and you and we we would say um referring to the fact that you and I are sitting here talking we referring to the fact that there's two of us, we'd say the 176: Two of us. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or sitting here talking um what about in comparing um and say well um I'm not as tall as 176: I'm not as tall as you are? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or or um in in comparison, he's not as tall as 176: I am Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} {X} if a man's been running for two miles and then he'd have to stop then you you'd say well two miles is or if he's just exhausted, he's had to stop then you'd say well two miles is 176: A long distance? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: To run. Interviewer: And and what about in specific terms to just him? In other words two miles is 176: Exhausting? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. And uh he can't go any further, two miles was his 176: Limit. Interviewer: Uh-huh, his limit, uh-huh. As far as he could go. Um if I say if you had a pen in your hand I'll say well I'd say well this pen's mine and that pen is 176: Yours. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about when uh people are uh leaving and you want 'em to come back again, what would you say out the door while you'd say well 176: Come back again. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what about a combination of you and I {X} 176: You Interviewer: you you say if you all or would you say 176: Yeah, you all come back again. Interviewer: Or do you do you say y'all? No I {X} said 176: #1 You all. # Interviewer: #2 You all? # Interviewer: You all come back again. Uh-huh. 176: I don't say you all y'all Interviewer: #1 Y'all # 176: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I say y'all {NW} um um wh- if you were at a um uh if you had um say if you call someone's house and there there was quite a few people over there would how would you say who's there or would or do you ever say well who who all's there? Who would you ever say who's there is in other words 176: {X} Interviewer: you'd say you all, do you ever say who all? 176: #1 Who # Interviewer: #2 Who # all's over there? 176: Yeah. Yeah I who all is there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} Um what about using what? Do you ever say well or would you say what did he say or you would you {X} have you ever said what all did he say? 176: What all did he say? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Yeah, I've said that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {X} Interviewer: Do you use these regularly or do do you just you know occasionally? 176: occasionally. Interviewer: Uh-huh. just because um cuz you wasn't 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # or just whatever pops into your mind you 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 say it? # {X} Um if no one if there's no one else to look out for for them then you'd say well they've got to look out for 176: Themselves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if no one else will do it for him you say he had better do it 176: Himself. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay now this is uh different types of breads I wanted to ask you about. What um what is made of let's see what what is made of flour baked in loaves? 176: Bread. Interviewer: Uh- 176: #1 Light # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 176: bread. Interviewer: Light light bread? And um when i- when you use yeast to make it rise? 176: {D: Well} that makes the light bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what do you call the kind of bread that's baked in a large cake and it's made of cornmeal? 176: Uh cornbread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um do you ever um do you ever call it any other thing or do you call it cornbread just for the {X} in a large pan and th- you ma- make it in do you ever have any other kind of 176: Well we have uh uh you use you can make it into cake or you can make it in muffins. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: You know uh cook it in corn sticks. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. What about um {NW} uh a co- have you ever heard of a corn dodger? 176: Yes. Interviewer: What's that? 176: Well that is what you make to eat with fish. And you put onion and uh milk and {X} and all in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: You know make corn dodgers. Interviewer: Well now uh do you fry it in the deep 176: Yeah #1 deep # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: #1 yeah in the deep # Interviewer: #2 deep fryer? # 176: #1 fryer, uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Well now is that like a hush puppy? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 And you # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: you've heard of hush puppies too? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Which do you call it? {X} 176: We call it corn dodgers. Interviewer: You call it corn dodgers? Uh-huh. Um what about there's a do you fry {X} you can have homemade bread or the kind that you buy at the store, what do you call? 176: Uh light bread, that's made out of not out of meal. Interviewer: Uh-huh and that's the kind that you buy at the store? 176: Yeah. It's made out of flour. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Um now what what do you call the um pastry I guess that's fried in deep fat with a hole in the center? 176: That's a uh doughnut. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh do uh is there any other name for it or in any other shape or is that the only shape that you 176: Well that's the only shape that I've ever u- made Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 you know # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 doughnut and the # doughnut hole in the center. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about um 176: {NW} Interviewer: something that you make you make up a batter and fry three or four of 'em at a time and eat 'em with syrup and butter, what do you call these? For breakfast {D: you eat 'em} 176: Well we used to call 'em fritters. Interviewer: Fritters? 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 uh # were you talking about the pancake? Interviewer: Yeah. And uh a- would they always be made out of wheat flour? 176: Yeah. Yeah #1 made outta wheat flour # Interviewer: #2 um uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um if you were speaking of um this uh a a bag of flour um you'd say you you went to the st- one the the small one you know it comes in two and five well you'd say you went to the store and to buy two um what measurement is it in? Two 176: Two and five pounds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: Both} of flour. #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh what about to you use to make the bread, it's not baking powder or soda but it comes in a um little packet with {X} I think we'd you've mentioned this before. Uh it makes it ri- to make it rise. 176: Uh yeast. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. And uh talking about an egg, what what do you call the inside part of an egg? 176: The uh the yolk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And the white. Interviewer: And and {D: the white outside} what color is the inside? 176: Uh yellow. Interviewer: And if you cook these in hot water what do you call 'em? 176: Boiled eggs. Interviewer: And what about if you crack 'em and let 'em fall into hot water? 176: That'd be uh poached. Interviewer: Uh- 176: Poached egg. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you uh um let's see {NS} well and now what about um wha- what do you call the um kinda meat that you use to boil with your vegetables, with your greens that you put in? 176: {NW} Well ham hocks or and uh Interviewer: what about if it doesn't have any lean on it? If it's just all fat? 176: No you wouldn't get a ham hock that didn't have some lean on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But you can get the white side that has {D: both the} lean and Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {D: fatback} # 176: And I use that cuz it Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now the- is there uh any distinction in other words if it's got some lean in it, it's a streak of lean? 176: Yes. So the streaks it'd be a streak of lean or a streak of fat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What about # if it's all fat? What do you ca- 176: Well uh I'd call uh whiteback. Interviewer: Uh- #1 huh. # 176: #2 And # you don't yeah I n- I never Interviewer: #1 Never used # 176: #2 used that. # Interviewer: it {X} 176: {D: Yeah} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh when you cut the side of a hog what do you call 176: Middling. Interviewer: Middling? 176: It's a middling. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: The side is a middling. Interviewer: side of the hog? Uh-huh. And what about um what do you call the meat that you buy sliced thin to eat with eggs? 176: That's bacon. Sliced bacon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what's the outside of bacon called? Do do you have any names for it {D: have you ever had} 176: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 the rind? # Interviewer: the edge of the bacon, uh-huh. 176: The rind? Interviewer: Rind. 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {NW} let's see what do you call the kind of meat that comes in little links? 176: Sausage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And who who sells this kinda meat? What what is the name of the person who would kill the hog and make the meat? 176: Well uh most {D: now} that you have i- is the um meat-packing house would be Interviewer: Yeah 176: get the sausage from now. But we used to make 'em you know? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 But now # you don't. Interviewer: What about if uh used to a man who specialize in just that? What would he be called? Uh a person who just had a meat shop? Um 176: Well he'd be a butcher, wouldn't he? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Uh-huh. Um if you had meat that's been kept too long what what happens to it? 176: It gets rancid. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Strong. Interviewer: Yeah. And you can't eat it? 176: You can't eat it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now this is something else uh {X} after you butchered a hog what do you make with meat from it's head? 176: Hog head cheese. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And this is 176: Pressed meat they call it. Interviewer: Pressed meat? 176: Pressed meat. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 Uh-huh. # 176: We always called it hog head cheese Interviewer: {X} and it it's just the insides of the head? 176: Well it's uh the ears you grind it up, and the ears and what meat there is on Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 the head. # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 {D: you see} # take meat all down here and this meat all up in there up next to the ears. Interviewer: Yeah. Um well what do you call the dish that's that's prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver? 176: That's um liver pudding. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did y'all used to have {D: it?} 176: Yes. Interviewer: Your momma made it? 176: Yeah. Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Um did did uh y'all ever make anything out of hog blood? 176: Yeah my grandmother used to make but I uh we never could I never could stand that. She called it l- uh blood pudding. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But I I never could eat that. Interviewer: And it was out of hog blood? 176: Blood, uh-huh. They uh they would kill the hog and um and then put it up on a rack and wash it good and then stick it and let the blood come into a pan Interviewer: Yeah. 176: and catch it. Interviewer: {D: Yeah} Uh-huh. {X} Um let's see what about did you ever take the juice of the the uh liver sausage or the head cheese and stir it up with cornmeal and cook it? 176: No I never did. Interviewer: {D: You never did} And uh fra- have you I know we {NS} um have you ever heard of scrapple? 176: No. I I've heard of it but I never Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 176: #2 never did # eat any. Interviewer: have it? Um what about if you had some butter and you kept it too long and it doesn't taste good, what what would you call the taste or how would you describe 176: Rancid, it's Interviewer: {X} 176: strong Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: strong 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Um what do you call thick sour milk? 176: What? Interviewer: Thick sour 176: Sour milk, it's clabber. Interviewer: Clabber? Uh-huh. {NS} And uh what kind of cheese could you make from it? 176: Well it'd be uh uh without the coloring it would be a white cheese. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: But I don't know what would the name of it would be. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Um 176: Cottage cheese I suppose that would be #1 cottage cheese. # Interviewer: #2 Okay, uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um if uh if somebody had a good appetite and you were talking about the way he's eating, you'd say he sure likes to put away his 176: Food? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about um a type well just what what is baked in a deep dish that's made of apples with a crust on top of it? 176: Apple pie. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about if it if it has several layers of fruit and pastries? Is it different from a pie? 176: Well I'd yeah it's a little different, uh the a- you could make an apple pie with a crust on top and one on the bottom, then you could make a- another with a deep dish and put layers of the uh crust in-between Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 176: #2 the # Interviewer: huh. 176: the apples and uh whichever fruit you were using. Interviewer: And then it's called a {NS} or a a 176: Well I I always call it apple pie right on. Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. 176: But it's not in the round pie Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 plate # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 you know. # Interviewer: {X} um what do you call a a sweet liquid that you pour over pudding? Or um milk or cream that's mixed with sugar and nutmeg that that you might pour over a pie? Well have you ever 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: {X} wouldn't it? Interviewer: Uh {X} Uh-huh. Um what about in other words if you have say three meals a day and somebody eats between regular meals, what do you call it? Uh what would you call {X} 176: Eating between meals I guess. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or if you'd say I'm going to have a 176: Snack. Interviewer: You call it snack, uh-huh. Um let's see um {D: now} we talked about the coffee that you used to get from Savannah, and you said it was green 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # green 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: okay well} # how would you make it into 176: Well they had uh they had to put it in a a baker you know uh what they used to bake biscuits you know or something like that in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Put in there and uh put it in the stove and uh keep it stirred until it browns. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Got cooked and then we had a coffee mill Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: that uh was near the in the pantry {D: there} beside the wall. And it had a a cup underneath and you ground it and then put it in a jar. And put a lid on it, you'd grind i- you'd make it I mean bake it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: cook it Interviewer: {NW} 176: and then while it was crisp and all it would grind fine. And put it in a jar and then you made your coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what is it that you usually drink when you're thirsty? You'd get a 176: Water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh the object, you'd get a that you'd drink it in, you'd get a 176: Glass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now speaking about this glass, if it fell off the sink {NW} you might say uh the glass fell off the sink and 176: Broke. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what if you say I didn't in other words if you didn't do it you'd say I didn't 176: I didn't break the glass. Interviewer: but someone had 176: Put it toward the edge and it fell? Interviewer: Yeah. Or in other words but if if you didn't break it someone has 176: Broken a glass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about if uh um if I ask you how much water that you did drink {D: you know} did you drink you'd say I 176: Drank. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And # uh and then if you asked me you'd say well how much have you 176: Drank. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about now uh it's got some um say if some of your relatives are over and dinner's already on the table and the family's just standing around waiting to eat, what do you say to them to uh to let 'em know that you're ready for them to come eat? 176: Well just {X} uh well it that dinner is ready and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: and to come on and Interviewer: In other words is there is there anything that you'd say to them would you be more formal with them than like if uh strangers were here? In other words, would you just 176: #1 Just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: uh no Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # it would be more formal Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 I think # than Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 it'd be # be more informal, be just {D: practice} Interviewer: {X} uh-huh. Um what about um if you wanted someone not to say you've gotten potatoes and you wanted 'em not to wait 'til they were passed around you'd just tell 'em to 176: Pass the potatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh and then once they once they gotten those you'd just tell 'em if if everyone was going to just uh get their food and {D: sit} you'd tell 'em to just 176: Help themselves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um um let's see what about if you decided if someone was passing some food around and you decided that you didn't want any then you'd say well I don't 176: No thank you. Interviewer: No thank you, uh-huh. Um what do you call food that um you cooked yesterday but you're having it today? 176: Leftovers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what do you do when you put food in your mouth? You begin to 176: Chew. Interviewer: Um have um have you ever had a any kind of a pudding that's made out of corn meal and water? 176: No I don't think. Interviewer: {D: Okay} Um 176: I don't remember it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see w- what um do you call the {D: this uh} southern food that that's often served with sausage, eggs, and bacon? Uh you had 'em tonight. {NW} 176: That's some Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 176: #2 grits. # Interviewer: {NW} um and uh 176: Grits and sausage and eggs Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um ha- ha- do you ever call it anything else besides grits? 176: No. Interviewer: Have you ever heard another term? 176: Always called it grits. Interviewer: Always called it grits? Uh-huh. Um what about the food that the Ja- Japanese and Chinese eat uh so much of that? The white grain. 176: Uh rice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now um I'm not sure how many of these that you would know but do you know any names for some {D: non-tap based} alcoholic beverages? In other words something that maybe somebody would make on the sly. Uh 176: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Well have you # ever heard it called 176: Yeah uh moonshine? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: And uh Interviewer: Did would did any of this ever go on {X} 176: Yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 {X} # Interviewer: heard i- 176: #1 yeah, oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: Yes. Interviewer: And 176: quite often. Interviewer: and that's what most people call it? Referred 176: #1 Moonshine. # Interviewer: #2 to it as # 176: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 moonshine? # 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um {NW} if um if som- when something's cooking and and it's um makes a good impression on you, in other words, it 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 it would # 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: the smell, the odor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: {D: Somewhat} Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were tal- you'd say oh 176: It would smell good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see if something if if I found a bottle of maple syrup here and I said this isn't imitation ma- maple syrup, it's 176: uh real maple syrup? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or other than real, what's maybe another word for real? Uh is it 176: It's pure. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or um um what about begins with G-E-N? 176: Genuine? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 176: Genuine. Interviewer: Genuine maple syrup. {NW} {NS} uh so we talked about some of the sugar that you used to get in barrels, um if if it's not pre-packaged a- and it's weighed out of the barrel and say you don't buy a whole barrel, then you would say it the sugar was sold in 176: By the pound. Interviewer: By the pound? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about did um 176: I think they were hundred pound barrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd buy it by pound if you didn't want to buy a whole barrel. 176: {X} Interviewer: Uh did you ever {NS} hear it hear it referred to as buying it in bulk? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Or by the 176: #1 Buy it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: in bulk. That would be bulk Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 in the barrel. # Interviewer: And uh-huh. And in the barrel would be 176: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 buying it in # bulk? 176: Yeah. Interviewer: Buy the whole barrel? 176: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about the uh the sweet spread that you make boiling sugar into juice of apples or {D: pieces of} {C: silence} uh what do you call this? 176: Jelly? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what do you keep on the table to season the food? 176: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Um if there were uh both uh peaches and apples on the table and somebody offered you a peach and you didn't want it you'd say no give me 176: An apple. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh let's see if we were talking about um {X} {NW} if you were telling me about a tree in the yard and I said is it um is it this one right out here would the and and it wasn't, it was one further away you'd you'd maybe point and say no it's 176: Over there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. um what about if uh I were doing something and it was wrong you'd say don't do it that way, do it 176: This way. Interviewer: um alright. If a man's got plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about but if he doesn't have money then um life's hard on a he would be a 176: po- {C: silence} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or well then if um another term to 176: A poor person? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Um {NW} let's see w- um {C: silence} {C: silence} and a what do you call a place where {NS} um you have maybe peach trees and apple trees and things? A peach {D: if it} 176: Orchard, a peach orchard. Interviewer: Yeah 176: #1 And an # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 176: apple orchard. Interviewer: Uh-huh, there's a lot of 'em. Um {X} well what do you call the part on the inside of a cherry that you don't eat? 176: The seed. Interviewer: {X} Um what about on the inside of a peach? 176: A seed, there's the seed inside Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 the peach. # Interviewer: And now this is talking about different kind of peaches. What kinda peach is it where the flesh is tight against the stone? Or you have to cut the seed out? 176: That's um um well I know what it is Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 176: #2 but # uh Interviewer: what about um what about the uh kind where you could just break the peach open and take the seed out or it's not tight against the 176: That's Alberta peaches. Interviewer: Alberta? 176: Uh-huh Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see, what about uh the part of an apple that you throw away? You {X} apple 176: It's the core. Interviewer: And um when you cut up apples in piece- in pieces and you {C: silence} {D: cut} um you're making what? 176: Dried apples or dried peaches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever called uh heard 'em called snits? 176: What? Interviewer: Snits. S-N-I-T-S. 176: No. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 176: #2 Never have. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um let's see um what is the uh kinda nut that you have around Christmas time, a lot of times you get it in your stocking. It begins with a W. 176: Walnut. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what do you call the hard covering on the outside of one? 176: That's the hull. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um what about the soft outer cover when it falls off the tree? The uh soft covering that's on the outside of the hull {X} do you know the name 176: #1 That # Interviewer: #2 for # it? 176: would be the um {NS} would it be the bare part? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. {X} name for it I believe. Um and of course what kinda nut trees do you have right out here? 176: Pecans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about a kind of nut that's um they flat and uh there's a candy bar made 176: Brazil nuts. Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh maybe another kind the something joy. What the uh 176: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # candy bar that's uh blank joy {NS} Begins with an A. 176: Peanuts? No Interviewer: Or A-L 176: Almonds. Interviewer: Uh-huh, yeah, uh-huh. Um okay let's see {NW} if um there was a bowl of fruit on the table and there was some apples and some uh {NW} orange round fruit, what would the orange fruit be called? The round orange fruit that you have around Christmas time, also to smell good? That you get in Florida. 176: Uh grapefruit? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or I just said it describing a {X} 176: Orange. Interviewer: Uh-huh. An orange. And uh if you uh looked in a bowl that there were some a- there had been some apples and oranges in there and there weren't any more oranges, then you'd say the oranges are 176: All gone. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um {NS} what is the little red vegetables that are kinda hot that you grow in a garden? 176: Uh pa- I mean Interviewer: Begins with an R. 176: Uh radishes. Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. And {NS} what about um the round red things that you grow on {D: plants} in your garden? {X} 176: {X} beets? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or um juicy {X} 176: A- um tomatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about the little ones? Do you have a special name for the smaller ones? 176: Uh yeah there's a name for 'em but I can't think of it right now. Interviewer: What do you use them for? 176: Uh for making Interviewer 2: We can do that but I would like to uh try to get uh let me go on for a while but please make note of anything you don't understand or why did he do that and Marvin will answer any questions you have and I'll try to keep quiet uh so uh That'll be uh That'll be cool. {NS} {B} Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 185: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Are you a student at Emory? 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 How how far along are you? # 185: #2 I'm a senior at the college and I'm a history major # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 185: #2 # Interviewer: Where'd you say you were from? 185: I'm from Ocilla, Georgia. It's down in south Georgia about two hundred miles south of here. down around well we're eighteen miles east of Tifton Interviewer: What county is that in? 185: It's Irwin county. Interviewer: Is that where you were born? 185: #1 Yes. # 185: #2 {NS} # 185: #1 Yes. # 185: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: Born right there in town in {D: El Sol} 185: Yeah in {D: El Sol} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} How old are you now? 185: I'm twenty-one. {NS} {NS} Interviewer: So are you started school here at Emory when you were about 185: When I was eighteen. Interviewer: Thank you. What made you choose Emory? 185: Um I wanted to go somewhere in Georgia And It was a choice between here in Georgia And I'm not really fond of the University of Georgia Interviewer: Why? 185: Um I just never have liked it. {NW} Interviewer: Just a #1 gut reaction about Georgia # 185: #2 Yeah, just just a gut reaction # I I don't like Georgia football. Interviewer: Mm. 185: I'm a Georgia Tech fan Interviewer: Oh 185: And um So Interviewer: Why didn't you go to Tech? 185: Why didn't I go to Tech? Cause I don't want to be an engineer. Interviewer: Talking about that's all you can do if you go to Tech. 185: Well basically. Interviewer: {X} 185: And um {NS} So I decided to go to Emory plus my brother was here. And he enjoyed it and I've been wanting to go to Emory for a long time. For many many years. Interviewer: When when will you graduate? 185: Um June June of seventy-eight Interviewer: You mentioned your brother, how old is he? 185: He's Twenty-four And he's in med school there Interviewer: Well have you had any other uh brothers er? 185: No. No we're the only two. Interviewer: The only two. 185: The only two children, yes. Interviewer: Well what about uh you're you're a full-time student there. 185: Yeah {NW} #1 And- # Interviewer: #2 And- Go ahead # 185: Well I work during the summers at home. I work for a lawyer there. Um I'm sort of his gopher Interviewer: Uh-huh 185: And uh It's a fun job I do some research um run a lot of errands Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Answer the phone, type Interviewer: Mm. 185: Basically whatever needs to be done I take out a lot of trash Interviewer: Yeah {NW} Well uh You mentioned your majoring in history. 185: Yeah Interviewer: Now is that in preparation for uh 185: For law school Interviewer: For law school. And you want to go to law school? 185: Well I don't know where I'll be applying here at Emory Georgia, Mercer, and some out of state places. But sort of a case of where I'll where I get in {NS} Interviewer: Well uh Well only particular reason I'm asking you know there there seems to be such a flood of uh lawyers graduating now so less appealing, you know sort of making some people {D: rethink things} 185: Well It's It's something I've always wanted to do. {NS} And That's basically the reason And You can do a lot with law besides besides practice. You can use it to go to business and real estate {NS} You can use it for a lot of for a lot of different things you can use it for government service in many cases Interviewer: Any one of those in favor that you had in mind? 185: Um Probably practice So Interviewer: There's kind of uh 185: Yeah Interviewer: There's an equivalent an equivalent to GP and law You know to uh 185: Well you well you get your basic {D: J Data Group} which is basically the equivalent of a G-P. in that it's a And um you need to have some concentrations something that is that you've been really interested in in Law School that you developed some some {NS} greater depth in. Interviewer: You could make a killing if you went into uh handling the bulletin cases and Uh I think all the lawyer kind of depends on that kind of thing #1 And uh considering, maybe we're # 185: #2 Yeah. Yeah but # If you get There's money in divorce #1 There's no there's no doubt about it. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: But um It's been It gets real nasty it gets real nasty Interviewer: Before we go {D: off to the cabinet} the real real enigma in the corporate law is that true? 185: Mm-hmm {NS} It is because practically everything the corporation does has to have a lawyer. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Anytime you have a bond issue stock issue um Numerous reports have to be filed with the government. um And they have just so much business going on that they need to have a lawyer so that they can go through tax purposes, tax advantages, gains, losses {NS} Interviewer: What's, do you have any idea about what um uh The uh {X} of school {D: logging} at Emory is it fairly prestigious? or 185: In Well It's very prestigious in Georgia um As far as out of state, I'm not sure. It's sort of a middle rank school. There are a lot that are better than Emory there are a lot that are worse than Emory. It's sort of middle rank Interviewer: Do you want to stay here in this part of the country and go to law school? 185: I don't know. Interviewer: Not sure? 185: I'm not sure. Interviewer: Have you already sent out applications? 185: Well I have applications sitting in the room to be sent out. Interviewer: Yeah What are some of the schools? 185: Some of the schools Um Well Georgia, Emory, Mercer, Vanderbilt, Duke um I've gotten one from Chicago, from Cornell From Yale, from Harvard I'm just looking at a lot of them. Interviewer: Have you ever Have you pretty much stayed in this part of the country or 185: Well as far as lived with um I've always lived in Ocilla I've done some traveling, I've been to Canada um {NS} Been To Virginia New Orleans Florida Out to Kentucky Basically in the south, the southeast but {NS} Interviewer: Those states you mentioned, Virginia and Florida Kentucky Are these are are those the only other southern states you've been in? 185: No we've been North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina Alabama Mississippi {NS} Louisiana Interviewer: Was it mostly um vacation or {NS} 185: Yeah mostly vacations. Interviewer: Any one particular area that uh you prefer? 185: Well Uh I like New Orleans It's fine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: #1 Very very warm in the summer # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 185: But it's a great place to be #1 And- # Interviewer: #2 And- go ahead # 185: And um Virginia's nice. {NS} Moving up to Williamsburg and Richmond And Williamsburg Was very That was a lot of fun. And I'd like to go back to Richmond, do the battle Battle field rounds Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} Uh {X} Did you spend much time in French quarter? 185: Yeah That's where we stayed. It was in the French quarter. Interviewer: Oh you stayed in 185: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah Yeah I had always had this uh this {NS} uh {NS} uh impression that the French quarter was a real small place. 185: It's bigger. Interviewer: Yeah #1 {NW} # 185: #2 It's real big. # Interviewer: It goes like there for a dozen blocks square Something like that {NS} 185: They've done a lot down there recently They have cleaned up the French market And Better lighting, a lot more security and policemen down there So it it's not as rough as it was Interviewer: There are some 185: #1 There are no well there are # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: #1 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: There's still some real sleazy sections down there That it isn't safe to go in daytime or night Interviewer: Yeah I was uh I was coming back this summer cause I'm in town recruiting a lot with a friend of mine took me to the French quarter and we went to this we were going to this black uh this uh black restaurant, I guess it was kind of kind of a nation restaurant bar lounge kind of thing it had been you might have seen it if you watch NBC Saturday Night They got a little uh film clip of it But um {X} a little funky place, you know? {NW} But yeah, neither one of us liked the place Oh What about uh Let's see You have you have a memory from a particular church? 185: Well I'm a member of the Methodist Church. I don't go. But My name's still on the role Interviewer: Yeah Might be an occasional Methodist 185: Yeah Yeah I go I go just enough to know that I don't don't particularly care for it. Interviewer: Mm. {NS} Any particular reason for uh you know 185: #1 For why I don't go? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah. # 185: I don't like the minister. Interviewer: Oh that would #1 {X} # 185: #2 He's a jerk # Interviewer: {NW} Is he boring or is he just uh 185: Um Well The um well I stopped going We we don't have the one we had when I stopped going The one that we had when I stopped going was an old army chaplain Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And he was one of the numerical right or wrong, love it or leave it type Interviewer: Mm. 185: And um Went to church one Sunday And It was to the point where We had got We had got home, my parents and I And the minute we got out of the church We'd start arguing about what a jerk he was how awful he was and went to church one Sunday and he made some some very unkind and uncalled for remarks about George McGovern whom we'd all supported for President And so Rather than get up and walk out then and there, which is what I felt like doing, I just didn't go back. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And I haven't been back. Interviewer: So he's down {D: at that end of the world} 185: Yeah Interviewer: #1 On the right or # 185: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 sort of # 185: #2 # Interviewer: Is he really outrageous or is he 185: Yeah Yeah He's um He's vicious There's no There's no other way to say it except that he's vicious. Interviewer: Mm. {X} I had a pastor in my church was nothing like {D: that exists} #1 He believed {X} # 185: #2 Well that too # Interviewer: Always when I went in the sanctuary to pick out a nice big column to sit behind {X} What about uh uh Schools, your schooling #1 Did you go to school there in Ocilla? # 185: #2 Yeah I went # I went to public school there um elementary, junior high, and high school and the elementary school was about two blocks from where I lived and the junior high and high school were was about three blocks So that I didn't didn't ride the bus Interviewer: Mention what What is your address there {X} ? 185: Um {B} {B} Interviewer: South Apple? 185: Apple. A-P-P-L-E. Interviewer: What's the What's the zip in Ocilla? 185: three one seven seven four Interviewer: Did that uh elementary school have a particular name or 185: It was um I think it was It was probably I don't know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 185: #2 Well see # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 185: #2 what happened was # Is that In sixty-four we integrated. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And We still had separate but equal When I started so that there was the black elementary school and the white elementary school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And then in sixty-four, we integrated. And We still had the blacks' elementary school And the now-integrated white elementary school. And this continued until I think Fall of seventy when Supreme Court or H-E-W or one of the others said that you've got to abandon dual school systems or you lose all your federal aid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: So that from seventy Fall of seventy there was probably It's probably known as Irwin County Elementary but I'm not sure. We always referred to it as Ocilla Elementary because that's what it was known as when the um city had a separate school system from the county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's it. Well What uh #1 What grades did that elementary school # 185: #2 Elementary school was one through six. # Interviewer: One through six. 185: It was built and the school was as Interviewer: {NW} 185: Old, old school, it was built back in the 30s by the C-C-C and the W-P-A Part of Roosevelt's New Deal. Interviewer: Yeah 185: And {NS} my father went to high school then, used to be the high school And then when the city and the county merged their school systems {NS}, it became the elementary school Interviewer: Mm. 185: had big tall ceilings large windows oak floors they had to oil to keep um keep the dust down. Interviewer: {NW} Pretty bad. 185: Yeah. It's it- it was a fun school. But uh Interviewer: Mm. #1 But what about the junior high school? You know? # 185: #2 The junior high school and high school # um were combined. They were built back in back in the early early to mid fifties so they're brick and concrete block construction and um junior high was grades seven and eight And then high school was nine through twelve. Interviewer: Mm. Did that have a less, you know, particular name? 185: Yeah, um The high school has always been known as Irwin County High. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And I think the junior high was Irwin County Junior High. Even though At the s- E-even though up to seventy you had um A separate high school the black school, which was Ocilla High Industrial. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You mentioned C-C-C a minute ago, what is that? 185: That's the Civilian Conservation Corp. And the W-P-A is the Works Progress Administration. They were part of Roosevelt's New Deal. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: The W-P-A also built the community house in Ocilla back in thirty-eight Interviewer: The community house? 185: Yeah it's um it's where Irwin Community Center It was for whites only and still is largely for whites only. Interviewer: They get away with that? 185: Well They get away with it real well now because um {NS} in the past few years have gotten a lot of federal aid Um but the county's about sixty percent white, forty percent black {NS} and they get a lot of federal aid because of the blacks and um they built a neighborhood center over in the black section of town Interviewer: Uh-huh 185: so that the blacks go to that and the whites use the um {NS} use the community house. And they kept the swimming pool open over in the white section {NS} of town {NS} long enough to get money to build swimming pool over in the black section of town. So the blacks use the pool at the neighborhood center. And the whites either use the country club pool or they don't go, I suppose. Interviewer: Mm. Let's see. Well when when integration was being implemented, how did that uh go over in Ocilla? Was there 185: It went over fairly well um {NS} there was a private academy starting in sixty-four, segregation academy, although they're uh they they'd be highly incensed to have the {D: fort} It was bad. Interviewer: {NW} 185: And um But that's all it is, is a segregation academy um it's out in Mystic which is um six miles from Ocilla. Interviewer: #1 Eh Mystic? # 185: #2 Mystic # Interviewer: #1 That's a great name {NS} # 185: #2 Y-yeah # It's um a little unincorporated town on the road on the road to Ashburn on thirty-two Georgia thirty-two And um The school board sold them an old abandoned school it was old Irwin County High before the city and the county consolidated and they built a new school in Ocilla. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: I think they sold them the old school which is a big big building with a lunch room and an old gym for something like a dollar. So that um {NS} Interviewer: {X}? 185: Yeah #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: Real big deal So that you know while the school board's acting very pious like oh yes we've got to integrate and you all can stay in school, they were also keeping all their keeping their bases covered. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So you didn't have any any serious uh 185: No there was no um In sixty-four the elementary school I was in integrated with all of one black. And he was in my class. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And the first day of school, we all knew that he was gonna be in our class. First day at school the teacher sent Allen, that was the black guy, up to the principal's office Interviewer: Mm. 185: and on some phony errand Interviewer: {NW} 185: and um while he was gone she gave us a very stern lecture that integration was something that none of us wanted that no one looked forward to it that we would would be much better off if they could stay over in the black section of town Interviewer: {NW} 185: But that It's something that we had to live with and that we were going to accept him cause she was going to make sure that we did. And it really worked out real well. We we played with him he was one of our friends. It worked out real well. We had we had no serious problem, we had no serious problems with racial trouble. I think one of the reasons is is that um athletics is very very {D: tough} football, baseball, basketball and for years I guess up until about sixty-eight or sixty-nine maybe even seventy, there were very few blacks on on any of the teams. But when We finally had to do away And had to abolish the separate black school and we changed coaches about that same time and the new coach was very interested and and agreed to allow blacks on the teams and so that they've done very well in sports {NS} And um people have accepted it for that reason Interviewer: I see. So What about uh when you were in in high school were your in in any uh particular clubs or uh organizations or anything like that? 185: Yeah I was in four H Um I was in the band three years Um I was in thespian society Um The beta club which is sort of a which is sort of like a National Honors Society {NS} Interviewer: Mm. 185: And um {D: High line} which is run by the YMCA of Georgia. Interviewer: Mm. What about here at Emory? 185: And here at Emory Um I work for {D: Wheel} {NS} Interviewer: And the wheel is? 185: Is a school {D: inspection.} {NS} {NS} And also I'm in {NS} {NW} Alpha Epsilon Epsilon Yeah Which is the lower division honors society And in Pi Alpha Theta which is the history honors society. Interviewer: Mm. {X} Um I was in when they were {NS} I don't know {X} we remembered the name only is that the same sort of thing? 185: Well four H wasn't four H was was ver- was a lot of fun, I was very active in that. I had a pecan production project And um went to district competition several well from fifth grade through twelfth. Won there several times Went to state competition three times in one there my senior year. Interviewer: Mm. 185: So I had I had a real good time in 4H and we got a lot done. It was real good, a real good club. Um Beta club, we just basically met and um inducted new members, that sort of thing, just what like kept everything going. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Thespians We did a little more than that. But not not too much more and that's about all we did in high line. Interviewer: Mm. You said you were majoring in history at Emory and then high school, was that your uh why didn't you go into history {X} #1 was it uh # 185: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: carried over from high school? 185: Well sor- yeah sort of carried over from high school although in high school I took a lot of a lot of science and math Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And as well as doing {NS} taking history courses during social science projects. And um I felt I felt more comfortable with history and it's what I wanted to do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Chemistry was fun but not to the extent that I wanted I wanted to do anything in chemistry or biology Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Or any of the other sciences. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you remember what grade you were in when you took uh chemistry? 185: I was in tenth grade, I believe. No, eleventh. Eleventh. Interviewer: Have any high school physics or? 185: Yeah I had a quarter of physics senior year that was um sort of taught in a very forward-looking manner. It was independent study physics because the teacher couldn't teach the course Interviewer: {NW} 185: So um We did all the labs ourselves, paced ourselves Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: um took the tests everyone did real well, I think all of us came out with an A. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: But As far as learning anything You know, I'm certain we did but {NS} we did finish the course and that got him off the hook and us off the hook. Interviewer: Mm. What about your mathematics work? 185: Math had Algebra one in ninth grade year of Geometry Algebra two junior my junior year. Then senior year I had um Interviewer: Junior, that's which grade? 185: Eleventh grade. Twelfth grade has trig fall quarter and then two quarters, winter and spring quarter twelfth grade had um Basically Algebra three. Interviewer: Mm. Right then. Well well what about uh uh your uh your pa- your folks, whe-where're they from? Where was your father born? 185: Um Daddy was born in {D: Rayport} which is in Lanier county and {NS} is about forty miles south of Ocilla. My mother was born up in Ben Hill county at Ashton Interviewer: #1 What was the name of that again? # 185: #2 Ben Hill # Interviewer: #1 Could you spell that for me? # 185: #2 B-E-N # space H-I-L-L. Named after Benjamin Hill. Um She was born there in Ashton which is not really a town, it's sort of a community north east of Fitzgerald which is the county seat of Ben Hill county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Um her parents were school teachers and that's where they were teaching the year she was born. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Any idea how how old your father is? 185: Yeah, my father will be sixty-one in April. Interviewer: And your mother 185: And my mother will be fifty-four in April. Interviewer: {NS} What does your father do for a living? 185: My father works for the post office he's a rural mail carrier. Interviewer: And your mother? 185: And my mother is a college librarian. Right now she's working on a P-H-D. She's finishing up comps this week. Interviewer: Where is that? 185: She's at Where does she teach or where is she getting her doc- where's she doing her work? Interviewer: You can tell me both. 185: Okay. She um She works at Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College A-BAC (C: pronounced A-Bac} in Tifton. And she's doing her graduate work at Florida State in Tallahassee. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: So uh Where where did she get her uh undergrad? 185: She did her undergraduate work at um Georgia State College for Women which is now Georgia College and is in Milledgeville and she got a Master's degree in library science Florida State {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What about your father? 185: My father graduated from high school in Ocilla {NS} {NS} Interviewer: What about uh are your grandparents uh still living? 185: Um three of them are. Both of my mother's parents and my father's mother is living. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And They're all in their eighties. My mother's parents, my maternal grandparents were schoolteachers and they farm and they live seven miles west of Ocilla. {NS} My paternal grandmother is still living and she was a seamstress and my paternal grandfather is dead and he ran a grocery store. Interviewer: Do you have any idea where your grandfather on your mother's side was born? 185: Yeah He was born outside Gatlinburg Tennessee At a place known as Webb's Creek {NS} Interviewer: That's a little uh 185: It's a it's a community. There's a Methodist church there that my great grandfather started. Interviewer: Mm. 185: It was on his farm. And that's where he was born, he was born at Webb's Creek. {NS} Interviewer: Where where is Webb's Creek in relation to #1 {X} # 185: #2 Okay it's # about seven miles east of Gatlinburg going towards Crosby. And there's it's a little dirt road there's bushes all around it and a little sign that says Webb's Creek Methodist Church. And if you don't remember that's where you're supposed to turn you're going to miss it. Interviewer: {NW} #1 Could always go down to the boonies down there {X} Yeah # 185: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # and there's the creek there it's there's you know, bottom land along the creek Interviewer: Mm. 185: and um the house was on the right-hand side of the creek and the church was on the left-hand side of the creek and they had a schoolhouse. But behind the church which is no longer there. And um the house is no longer there, the government bought bought the whole farm in the thirties for part of the national park. And um never used it Interviewer: Mm. 185: and the family was unable to buy it back when the government did sell it. Interviewer: You mentioned bottom land there Y- w-what do you mean by that? 185: What, bottom land? It's flat land along a creek. On each side of a creek, it's very fertile land. Interviewer: Mm. 185: It's flat land, it's about nearly flat land you'll find Interviewer: Mm. 185: in mountains Interviewer: Yeah Well uh your grandfather your maternal grandfather w-w- any idea of his schooling? #1 uh {X} # 185: #2 Yeah # He um got a high school education got some college at a now-defunct college, Murphy College, finished up his B.A. at Georgia sometime probably in the twenties or thirties and then got a Master's from Georgia {NS} in around forty-six {NS} And my grandmother {NS} has {NS} {NS} I don't think she ever really finished high school, I know she's got about nine or ten years of high school and then {NW} {NS} I'm not sure she has a B.A. or not I know that she has either two or three years of college um she may have a B.A., I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: You could uh You could go to college without having graduated from #1 high school, is that it? # 185: #2 Yeah # yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Do you do you have any what college uh uh she might've gone to? 185: She did um some work at A-BAC, which was then Georgia State College for Men. Interviewer: At A-BAC? 185: #1 A-BAC. A-B-A-C. Capitals. # Interviewer: #2 How do you spell that? # 185: #1 It's Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College. # Interviewer: #2 Ooh {X} # 185: It's in Tifton. Then it was Georgia State College for Men and changed names after that to I think, maybe um Georgia Agricultural and Mechanical. I'm not sure. She did some there and she may've and she did some work at University of Georgia and some work at University of Tennessee in Knoxville. Interviewer: {X} W-where did she study? Have any idea? 185: #1 I have no idea. # Interviewer: #2 Major or anything? # 185: I have no idea. Interviewer: Grandfather? #1 Do you know {X} # 185: #2 Um he has a Master's in Education # {NS} I'm not sure what his what his B.A. is in Interviewer: Yeah, you said with the schoolteacher. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Gotcha. 185: He taught math. So a B.A. maybe in math. {NS} Interviewer: This uh Murphy College w- whereabouts is that? 185: It's in Tennessee. It's um not too far from i-it was not too far from Gatlinburg. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And I think it's been {NS} defunct for for many years now, they had a Murphy College reunion the summer that my fa- that my grandfather- that both grandparents went to. And um I think maybe that the last graduating class was about '27. Interviewer: Mm. {X} What about uh You wanna say something? 185: No Interviewer: {NW} Okay. What about uh where your grandmother uh on your mother's side was born? 185: She was born {NS} outside Mystic, Georgia in Irwin County. Interviewer: And you sp- you spell that how? 185: M-Y-S T-I-C. Same way you spell Mystic, Connecticut. Interviewer: {NW} okay All right {NW} Well what about uh your other grandfather? Do you know where he was born? 185: Yeah, he was born um in Irwin County right at the county line in a community called Gladys. Interviewer: Gladys? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: It's like the 185: G-L-A-D-Y-S yeah {NS} There's some there better than that. Interviewer: Like what? 185: Well there's Arp Interviewer: #1 Arp? # 185: #2 A-R-P # Interviewer: {NW} 185: And there's Abba A-B-B-A. Arp is on one side of the road and Abba's on the other side. Interviewer: {NW} Okay 185: There's Lax. Interviewer: What? 185: Lax L-A-X. There's Osier Field O-S-I-E-R F-I-E-L-D There's Holt Um Those are basically little communities, then there's Big Creek and River Bend. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: River Bend is a community on the bend of the Alapaha River. Interviewer: Mm. 185: It's not really a a town, it's just sort of like well, there's a Baptist church there, River Bend Baptist Church, and there're a lot of farms and around it and the people consider themselves the River Bend Community. Interviewer: Mm 185: And um That's about all. There's Bethlehem. Interviewer: Bethlehem. 185: Yeah a lot of these are around are located around churches. Interviewer: Mm 185: It's sort of like everyone went to church at that at Bethlehem and so that's now the Bethlehem community. Interviewer: Mm 185: They consider it consider it to be that. Interviewer: Yeah. That's very good. Got a huge place still like that in Alabama too. Slap out. 185: Right. Interviewer: But Two Egg is in Alabama? 185: #1 No, Two Egg's in Florida. # Interviewer: #2 Florida. # 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Well what about uh your grandfather's schooling? uh 185: Um I don't know He's been, he's been dead since since nineteen sixty-one And I don't I don't really know. Interviewer: Mm 185: And my paternal grandmother has a high school education. Interviewer: Do you know where she went to school? 185: Um somewhere out in the county in Berrien County. Interviewer: #1 What is the? # 185: #2 Berrien. # Interviewer: #1 Berrien? # 185: #2 B-E-R-R-I-E-N # Which is south of Ocilla. It's the county immediately south of Irwin county. And um She was she's from Berrien County. Interviewer: Mm You're not married, are you? 185: No. Interviewer: Okay so I don't have to ask you all this 185: No Interviewer: {NW} W-where do you uh how many houses um have you lived in? 185: I've lived in two. One th-that I lived in till I was about eighteen months old And then the one where we live now. Interviewer: Do you remember anything at all about the first one? 185: Um no but I know It's still there Interviewer: Mm 185: And um I don't remember anything about it, there was a picnic table in the backyard Interviewer: Mm 185: and I remember that. Interviewer: Mm 185: And I remember going to some of the neighbors' houses. {NS} But as far as anything about the house itself I don't. Interviewer: Don't remember the type of construction or uh? 185: Well it's um it's wooden construction with asbestos siding. But I don't I don't know that from having lived there, I know that because it's still there and I've seen it. Interviewer: Mm Do you remember the the layout of the room? 185: No Interviewer: {X} What about the house that you're in now? What uh what's it like? 185: It's um Ranch style It's um wooden siding and #1 you w- you want the layout or what? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah I'll tell you what # {X} if you don't mind um right here on the the back of the sheet if you could just uh maybe just a very rough block sketch 185: #1 Okay # Interviewer: #2 of the house # uh showing me the the layout of the different rooms and you know, describing it as you going along. 185: #1 Okay # Interviewer: #2 Appreciate it. # {NS} {NS} Yeah Yeah, go ahead and uh 185: Okay well there's in the middle of the house there's an entryway. then going from there on your left there's a living room which leads into a dining room and from the dining room on the other side of the dining room wall there's the carport there're two doors going from the dining room out into a hall the back side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: the hall opens onto a playroom and also onto a utility room and it goes into the kitchen yeah Um the kitchen opens on into the dining area and then there's a hall leading from the dining area down to the bedroom {NS} {NS} And {NS} they're full bedrooms. {NS} There's the guest bedroom which is next to the entryway and it has a bath. And it opens into the hall The same long hall that goes down to the bedroom Interviewer: Yeah 185: There's my brother's bedroom And connecting bath with it to my bedroom {NS} which is all the way at the end of the house. {NS} Um the hall ends after it opens into my bedroom and there's doors into my bedroom and into my m- into my parents' bedroom {NS} and then their bath separate. And then their closet's between my bedroom bedroom and my parents' Interviewer: Mm 185: bedroom {NS} And {NS} let's see the playroom has a fireplace {NS} And {NS} I believe that's {NS} Yeah, that pretty well takes care of Interviewer: So the house has about how many #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 185: There Let's see. {NS} Counting the bedrooms and the bath there're thirteen rooms. Oh, and it has a back porch on it. {NS} Interviewer: Mm 185: And there's a door going from the playroom to the back porch which I {NS} don't show because I've drawn it wrong. Interviewer: {NW} 185: Mm. {NS} Yeah. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Where where're you living um what are you {X} 185: I'm in Gilbert which is {NS} one of Emory's two co-ed dorms which the board of trustees likes to keep silent about Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 185: Do you want a sketch of that room too? Interviewer: Mm {NS} {NS} {X} {X} 185: Okay Interviewer: Artifacts there 185: Okay Well the room in Gilbert is basically an efficiency it's um a big room with two windows {NS} Interviewer: It does have windows? 185: It does have windows, yes. Opens onto a beautiful view of the Georgia Power substation Interviewer: {NW} 185: Um there's a kitchen closet which isn't big enough for anything and a bathroom. And there are two people to the room. {NS} Interviewer: Thank you. {NS} 185: Can't {NS} get {NS} everything? {NS} Interviewer: Yeah {NS} 185: Okay {NS} Interviewer: Y-y-you were going back uh to your uh your grandparents the one from uh do you wanna explain that about {X} 185: Okay. How they got from Ben Hill county down to Ocilla and up from Lakeland in Berrien county Okay. My grandparents my maternal grandparents, were schoolteachers and it was back in the thirties and jobs were very very difficult to find a schoolteacher then as now they will teach as if they were jobs so that you had to have be be able to move a-and be ready to move to where there were jobs. They taught at Ashton, which was up in Ben Hill county, where my mother was born, for several years. Then a job two jobs opened up in Holt {NS} which is about seven miles west of Ocilla on Georgia thirty-two going to Douglas. This was back before there was a consolidated school system and every little area of the county had its own school. Job opened up in Holt and they moved there and taught there. Then I don't know why but for some reason they moved to Mystic. They owned a house in Mystic, and I'm pretty sure that they owned it at this time. And they kept wanting to get back to Mystic, and so since they had the house there and they moved jobs opened up in Mystic and they moved back to Mystic. And um {NS} they taught there. My grandfather taught math and was later the principle of the school. And m-my grandmother taught also there. Interviewer: Mm 185: And then my father was born in Lakeland {NS} And which is in Lanier county. And I'm not really sure why but moved back to moved up to Ocilla. But um I think I-I think my grandfather changed jobs that um I think he was maybe farming down in Lakeland. {NS} And um I think the job opened up that he was able to get into get into the store in Ocilla and so he moved up to Ocilla to do that. Interviewer: Mm 185: And that's how they got to Ocilla. Interviewer: Mm Now y-your grandfather on your father's side he's born in uh 185: He was born in in Irwin county. Interviewer: In Irwin county. Specifically uh 185: Um somewhere oh eighteen ninety, eighteen ninety-five Interviewer: #1 I mean well yeah location. # 185: #2 Oh. In Gladys. # Interviewer: In Gladys. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah right, both of your grandparents from Gladys. {NS} Can you uh {NS} 185: No not both of my grandparents were from Gladys my maternal grandmother was born in Berrien county. Gladys is in Irwin county. Interviewer: #1 I # 185: #2 Oh, I haven't made I haven't made this clear, I'm sorry. # But she was born in Berrien county south of Nashville. Interviewer: All right. 185: That's where their farm was and she was a Rowan. Interviewer: A what? 185: #1 Rowan. R-O-W-A-N. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Gotcha {NS} Do you know anything about uh earlier ancestors, great-grandparents, or anything like that? 185: Um {NS} let's do maternal side. Interviewer: Mm 185: Um My paternal grandfather's parents were Joseph Shultz S-H-U-L-T-Z and Mary Mcmahan M-C M-A-H-A-N. And they lived up at Webb's Creek. He was the one he was a farmer and a Methodist minister and he is the one who built the Methodist church at Webb's Creek. #1 As- # Interviewer: #2 Say well o you know if they were born there or? # 185: I have no idea. Um {NS} My {NS} my maternal grandfa- grandmother's parents {NS} were T-J Poole and Emma Smith. Interviewer: And that's P-double-O-L? 185: P-double-O-L-E. {NS} {NW} And I th- I don't know where my great-grandfather Poole was born but my great-grandmother Smith was from Mississippi Interviewer: And then what about {X} 185: No idea. But her brother was also in Irwin county. Um he was called {D: Doc Wheelus} He was, he-h-he was an undertaker. Interviewer: {NW} 185: And he used to um travel around from house to house and embalm people in the houses. Interviewer: {X} 185: Yeah Interviewer: {NW} 185: But see, there weren't any funeral homes then. And um {NS} so that the undertaker went from where the dead person well if it was at the hospital he'd go to the hospital and embalm 'em there. But if it was at the house, he'd go to the house and embalm 'em there. And um {NS} I don't know what it is about caskets, I guess they made 'em. But um their dead person would be on display #1 It's crazy {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NS} {NS} {NW} Yeah {NS} 185: But they'd be um #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: {NS} Anyway they'd be in they-they'd be in their house so as there were no funeral homes for people to go to, there weren't funeral homes until sometime in the forties and then all they had was like a viewing parlor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And Um Only recently at least in Ocilla, had you had a funeral home with like a chapel and several parlors and nice, soft, piped-in Interviewer: Yeah 185: Muzak Interviewer: Yeah 185: And um and that but um #1 that that's what he did. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # What can you uh 185: And {NS} you wanted to know about my paternal grandparents great-grandparents okay My paternal grandmother's father {NS} was Jasper Rowan. And I don't know who her mother was. She died in a typhoid epidemic sometime in the eighteen-nineties eighteen-nineties, early 1900s. And then he remarried and his last wife is still living. Um but I can't think of her name now. But um and then as far as my paternal grandfather I don't know who his parents were. {NS} Interviewer: Do you have any idea where they were from? 185: Yeah, they they were from Irwin county. Interviewer: That's where they were from? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm 185: I'm I'm pretty sure of that because of most of the Hendersons in Irwin county are from Irwin county originally. Interviewer: Mm. {NS} Do you know anything about the uh you know the ultimate origins of uh 185: Yeah. Um The Shultzes came down to Tennessee from Virginia. And they came over to Virgina around seventy ninety. Sometime in the seventeen nineties. The McMahans I don't know about. Interviewer: Mm 185: The Pooles I don't know about. The Smiths I don't know about. {NW} The Hendersons the original Henderson um Daniel came down to Irwin county from North Carolina around {NW} eighteen twenty, eighteen thirty. Sometime in that era sometime in that period. Um {NS} The Rowans came down to Berrien county from North Carolina around the eighteen fifties because, well one reason that area of the state was settled late is that they thought it was all a malaria swamp. {NS} And um although Irwin county is very old and was formed in 1818. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: it originally stretched from the Ocmulgee River around Macon down to the Florida line. {NS} Um The particular area where it is now was thought to be malaria swamp. Interviewer: W-what stock uh family is it English or? 185: It's um English, Scotch-Irish. And there's some German blood flowing around. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. {NS} {NS} You mentioned a little bit you were talking about uh uh the house that you that you live in now the the uh uh um W-what do you w-what would you call the uh the guest room in the house where you might entertain uh company? uh 185: Um #1 the playroom or the living room, one or the other. It depends on um # Interviewer: #2 The living room # 185: if it's more formal entertaining Interviewer: Mm 185: then we'd be in the living room. Interviewer: Mm 185: If it's um {NS} more casual type in the playroom usually what happens is that we start out in the living room and everyone gravitates down toward the playroom Interviewer: Mm 185: and sometimes we'll just start out in the in the playroom. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: It all depends. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard the living room called anything else besides that? 185: #1 Well it used to be called a parlor. Many many years ago. # Interviewer: #2 A parlor # 185: The front room. {NS} Interviewer: The front room. What sort of person would be likely to call it the the parlor or the front room? 185: #1 An older person. A much older person um # Interviewer: #2 Older person # 185: {NS} My grandparents' generation Interviewer: Mm You ever heard it called uh the sitting room or? 185: Oh yeah, I've heard it called the sitting room. Interviewer: Mm #1 That would be something again that an older person would be likely to call it. # 185: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah Is this house that you're living in now one of these uh high ceiling {X} 185: No no no, it's um it was built in the nineteen fifties. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: and they remodeled it around nineteen seventy. Interviewer: Mm 185: So it's, it has it has lowered ceilings Interviewer: Mm 185: it has low ceilings, not low ceilings standard height ceilings. Interviewer: How how high would you say that is real quick? 185: That're eight feet. Interviewer: Eight feet. 185: And um {NS} The playroom has an arch ceiling with beams Interviewer: Mm 185: but that's just for decoration. Interviewer: Mm. Gotcha. And you mentioned you had a fireplace in this house. 185: Yes. Interviewer: What is that like? 185: It's um {D: raised harp} it's um three flues it's your standard fireplace. Interviewer: Three flues? 185: Yeah Interviewer: What do you mean by that? 185: Okay, flue is flue is what carries the smoke {NS} up from the fireplace from where you had the fire up out of your house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And in older fireplaces all you had was like the open space. They'd just build up a rectangular chimney. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 185: And that would be that would be your flue but you now get terra cotta flue lines which are about six inch square and you put them in because electric chimney's safer. #1 It's less of a fire hazard # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: with soot and everything building up and you use those now instead of having just one open space They're um three terra cotta flue three rows of terra cotta flue liners taking the that carry the smoke up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh uh that's great. Well is there anything #1 uh right above your fireplace? or # 185: #2 Yeah we have a mantle. # Interviewer: Yeah Ever heard that called uh {X}? 185: No. Interviewer: You know like uh mantle board or mantle piece? uh 185: Mantle piece, yeah. Interviewer: You mean the same thing? 185: Means the same thing {X} Interviewer: You mentioned uh uh {D: attending} if say you had you know a lot of these tall things like you see uh in factories at uh the smoke 185: The smokestack? Interviewer: You call that a smokestack? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Well what about these uh these uh uh big pieces of wood that you #1 you burn in a fire. What would you call that? # 185: #2 Logs. Logs. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call that by any other name? 185: I can't think of any. Interviewer: Like uh backlog, a back stick uh #1 {X} # 185: #2 No # No none of those. Interviewer: Well what about the way that you use tinfoil #1 to start a fire, the type of # 185: #2 Kindling # Interviewer: Yeah 185: Also fat lightered. Interviewer: Fat lightered. 185: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah Mm-hmm 185: A good fat lighter, {D: strong fat lighted not.} Interviewer: Yeah in particular the kind of wood that uh that'll be 185: Is pine Yeah um what Athens is is that Um they cut down the pine tree for lumber whatever and leave the stump in the ground well it's got a lot of {D: laws} in it And over the years it solidifies and hardens and it um it it's it lights up immediately if you stick a match to it to a splinter and it catches fire. and almost every farm has them and um {NS} And then my grandfather has some and um periodically they'll be cleaning out a field back in the swamps somewhere And they'll bring some up to the house to um make kindling out of {NS} Interviewer: Well what about uh you know when the the wood burns down what you have left uh you call those 185: Ashes Interviewer: What color are the {X} 185: Um black and then they turn white {NS} Interviewer: Does it make any difference uh with the color varying according to the type of wood that you burn in the fire place, have you had any idea? 185: I had no idea it might, I don't know. Interviewer: Just not sure about that. Well what about you talking about uh the log {NS} you know uh those things inside the fireplace that you place those things across? 185: Andirons. I've also heard them called fire dogs. Interviewer: Fire dogs 185: My grandmother would {D: flush} them as fire dogs. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: They still have um a fire place in their kitchen that they used to eat with in there and um she always and my grandfather both always referred to 'em as fire dogs. {NS} Interviewer: Ever heard 'em called dog irons? 185: No. {NS} Interviewer: Well what about some of the uh {NS} the uh typical things that you would have in your living room that you might not have anywhere else in the house? You know, for example 185: Well Interviewer: #1 the sofa # 185: #2 the sofa # Interviewer: Yeah 185: well we've got a sofa in the playroom {NW} So Interviewer: #1 Have you ever heard that referred to # 185: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 uh # 185: #2 {NW} # As a settee? Interviewer: As a settee 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Is that another old uh 185: Yeah well a settee is is somewhat different from a sofa. Usually you think of a sofa as being upholstered. And um a settee is usually high, bed-high-backed tends to be uncomfortable um and is generally somewhat different from a sofa. Interviewer: Mm And is that uh pair and they call it a a couch or your Davenport or 185: I'd probably refer to it as a couch Interviewer: A couch #1 Not a Davenport # 185: #2 Never a Davenport. # Interviewer: Not a Chesterfield? 185: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 No. # {NW} Well uh Any other uh uh things that are distinctive in you know 185: #1 living room. # Interviewer: #2 Living room? # 185: Pianos tend to be in living rooms Although we have a pipe um a Victorian parlor organ in ours Interviewer: Mm. 185: that you have to pump it to build up the air. Interviewer: Mm. {NS} 185: {D: And then} {D: play on it.} Um Interviewer: What about these things, you know that you you sit in, like lean back or 185: A recliner? Interviewer: Yes. 185: Those aren't typically living room furniture. Interviewer: I mean what you're {NS} sitting in you call this just {NS} 185: This is a chair. Interviewer: Any different uh special types of chairs for living room or 185: Well, they're usually very nice, sometimes upholstered usually have upholstery in them. Interviewer: Well that's good. What about uh things that you would find in your bedroom? uh Specifically. 185: A bed. A chest of drawers. Interviewer: Now what is #1 what is that? Could you describe that to me? Mm-hmm. # 185: #2 A chest of drawers? # um It's the same thing as a dresser. Interviewer: #1 The same thing as a dresser # 185: #2 Well # sort of. Usually you think of it well {NS} The dressers you see now are usually low with a and have a big mirror over them Interviewer: Mm. 185: and a chest of drawers is usually higher than a dresser Interviewer: Mm. 185: narrower and will have um more drawers than than a dresser. A dresser usually has say three drawers. A chest of drawers will have four or five. Interviewer: Mm These are uh chest of drawers though entirely 185: #1 Entirely drawers. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Entirely drawers, yeah. # Are they usually all the same size? 185: Sometimes they are, sometimes you'll have the top drawer will be two smaller drawers Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: separate in the middle and then you would start with um solid drawers of the same size under. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the dresser? Did the the size of the door vary there or? 185: Sometimes. Sometimes you'll have two big drawers, a middle drawer and a bottom drawer. And then you'll have smaller drawers two individual drawers the top, that pull out. Interviewer: Mm. I see. So they differ uh in that the dresser does have a mirror and a chest of drawers does not. 185: Well sometimes a chest of drawers does. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Um My gran- my father has a chest of drawers in their bedroom that has a mirror on top. {NS} Interviewer: I see. Well uh can you think of uh any other names for uh those two? 185: Well you you have washstands Interviewer: Mm. 185: which are low usually with one or two drawers like sort of a big drawer and then two small drawers. Um {NS} a top flat top and then a mirror Interviewer: Mm. 185: on top of it which is- u-usually attaches to a wooden frame at the top of that and that's what they used to keep um wash pitchers and basins on. Interviewer: Mm. {X} Well have you ever heard a chest of drawers or a dresser referred to as either a chifforobe or a chiffonier? Something like that? 185: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Which one? 185: Um chifforobe. Interviewer: Chifforobe. And that was the same thing as 185: Well it's not really the same thing. Chifforobe is more like a wardrobe-type thing. Interviewer: A wardrobe, what do you mean by that? 185: Okay. A wardrobe, back before we had closets, you had wardrobes keep your clothes in. Um a wardrobe two big doors sort of like an armoire type only you'd open up the doors and instead of being drawers open there you would have a space to hang your clothes in and you might have say a shorter hanging space on the right-hand side than on the left-hand side and a few drawers there. Then you had maybe a drawer at the bottom. Interviewer: Mm. 185: That would either be inside the door or you would it would be outside the door. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} Well what about uh all these things that we've been talking about uh like chairs and and beds and uh chest of drawers, that sort of thing. Collectively you'd say that's all 185: #1 Furniture. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Say uh uh the uh you know, things that uh that uh keep out light that you put over the windows, you refer to those as 185: Curtains. Draperies. Um drapes. We also have Venetian blinds. Interviewer: Oh what is that? 185: Venetian blind is um it's they're either sometimes they're wooden although usually now, they're metal or plastic little slats Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: they have cords going down at each end they're bound at the bottom and at the top and you pull a cord and they raise and lower Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: horizont- up and down. And you can pull other two cords and they'll either open or close to let light in or out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm fascinating. Well have you ever seen these things that uh they're on rollers you know and you can {X} Interviewer 2: {X} Okay, go ahead, this is going on. {NS} And by the way I, when we finish this if you have time uh we'll we'll I-I do want to give you a chance to I don't want to make speeches but I would like you to to to raise questions you have and I don't think we should ever interrupt the {D: correspondent} {NS} Yeah, go ahead. Interviewer: Yeah, the tape ran out when you were talking about uh drapes and all that but go ahead and tell me about uh your grandparents, you mentioned you remembered something. 185: Okay, I remember my great-grandparents {NS} the Hendersons Um He his he was {B} Henderson And {B} {D: as felt} as in the Battle of Manassas. And his wife was um {NW} {X} {B} Harper. And her great-grandfather came over from Holland Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: and settled in Irwin County. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: So I-I remembered them. Interviewer: Yeah, good. 185: And something that I didn't give you {NS} I would tell you were my grandparents' names. {NS} My maternal grandparents are {B} A-R-L-I-E and {B} L-E-E. Um my paternal grandparents are {NS} {B} and {B} Interviewer: {X} You you wouldn't happen to know the story behind that would you? 185: Um maybe Arizona was made a state around the same time she was born, I don't know. But Texas was not an uncommon name for women then because there was a woman who lived up the street from me who died several years ago and she was named Texas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: But as far as Arizona, I've never heard anybody else named Arizona. Interviewer: You call her Tex for short? {NS} 185: Um Miss Tex {NS} Interviewer: Miss Tex? {NS} {NS} 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That's right, yeah {NS} Yeah Okay, good. uh I see. Yeah, I was asking yeah when the tape ran out about these things uh on rollers #1 some people had it with one of this you know that you can pull down and keep out the light that way # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. # Interviewer: and uh I don't believe you recognize that. 185: Well we've always called them blinds. Interviewer: You call those blinds? 185: Yeah Interviewer: I see 185: You have Venetian blinds, then you have the rolling blinds Interviewer: Hmm 185: Then you'd pull up and down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard the #1 this roller affair uh referred to as shade? # 185: #2 {NW} # #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # Okay. I see. {NS} What about uh you know some people in their houses uh of the place right underneath uh the top of the house uh what you might use for 185: The attic Interviewer: Yeah {NS} yeah, ever heard that called anything besides that? 185: Well Um Sometimes it's referred to as the loft. Interviewer: The loft? 185: But usually when you have well, my grandparents' house had a loft and the one where they live now Interviewer: Mm 185: but um it's since been made into the second floor so that the attic is now different from the loft and they no longer have a loft. Interviewer: Mm. Mm. Well is there an attic in your house? 185: Yeah, we have an attic, it's um it's a very sort of a small attic, just between the ceiling and the top of the roof. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, I see. Well you use it or anything? 185: Yeah, we um for storage basically. We put um lumber down across the um the two-by-sixes that are um the ceiling {D: joints} and we use that for storage. Interviewer: Use that for storage. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I see. Well talking about storage uh w-what type what type of things would you uh would you put in your attic? uh 185: Luggage that you don't use everyday um a lot of people keep Christmas decorations up there. We don't, we have those in a closet. Um old toys that we don't use um we have some leftover lumber that we keep up, there's some leftover paneling Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Um sometimes we don't keep clothes up there, we keep those in in closets um basically things that you don't use use a whole lot. Interviewer: Well w-what do you call in general things that you don't use, things that are maybe broken down not good for anything, you know, but you just can't bear to thrown them away. You'd say you have a lot of old- 185: Junk. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Have you ever heard of uh {NS} might you keep junk in the attic? 185: Well Yeah {NS} Interviewer: Mm {NS} Have you ever heard of people who set aside uh a separate room in the house where they where they kept all this old 185: A storage room? Interviewer: Storage room 185: Yeah. And sometimes you have a storage house which is a separate detached building from your house, we have one of those too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And um old magazines that you don't want don't want to get rid of, you throw them out there um old furniture, maybe Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Um You sometimes you keep your yard equipment out in there, your tools Interviewer: Mm You ever heard uh mention storage room uh have you called that anything else or have you heard? 185: Well {NS} my grandparents on the farm used the old smokehouse as a storage house and it's still referred to as the smokehouse. They have um an old, they have a packhouse Interviewer: Packhouse? 185: Yeah Interviewer: What is that? 185: Um it's a storage building that um they just use for storage and it's it's always been referred to as the packhouse they keep farm equipment in there that they're not using um they keep some things that they no longer use from the house out there but usual- usually they keep most of that stuff in the smokehouse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: #1 And then you # Interviewer: #2 {X} Go ahead # 185: And also they have a pump house which is a little house built around a pump for the well um they use that for storage and also it it keeps the um the pump from freezing. And it k- it it protects the um machinery. Interviewer: Mm. 185: #1 The pump # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Now that packhouse, is that a term that's in general circulation or have you just heard your your grandparents use that? 185: I think it's probably in general circulation. Sometimes, instead of a packhouse um it'll be an old tenant house that's used for storage and it'll be referred to as an old tenant house. But it was specifically an old tenant farm house in that case. This is just a windowless building it's probably about twenty feet wide, about thirty feet long {NW} with wooden siding and two big doors. Interviewer: Mm 185: And um {NS} and a roof on it and um I've al- it's always been referred to as a packhouse. Interviewer: I see. {NS} Storage room uh what about jock room? #1 You ever call it that? # 185: #2 Yeah, yeah. {NS} # Sometimes we call it the junk room {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Well you {NS} I mean again in talking about your house uh the kitchen. Have you ever seen a house uh in which the kitchen was uh not a part of the main house itself but it was built? #1 What- # 185: #2 It's a detached kitchen. # Interviewer: That's that's what it's called? 185: #1 Yeah a detached kitchen # Interviewer: #2 A detached kitchen. # 185: There's a house out in the county that we saw this summer {NS} it's an old old-style farmhouse you don't see many of them anymore, it's a dogtrot house. Interviewer: #1 Dogtrot house? Now what do you mean by that? # 185: #2 Yeah # Okay it's got a front room on the right-hand side and a front room on the left-hand side that's two rooms deep. {NS} Um there's a big open hallway in between them. It runs down the middle of the house. Um there's a cross hall at the end of no excuse me, there are two rooms on each side. At the end of these two rooms there's a cross hall So it forms {NS} that part forms a "T". The cross hall is say ten twelve feet wide. At the end of that cross hall on the right-hand side is the kitchen. Um and it has a porch around it a well and a wash basin on the edge of the porch. That's a detached kitchen. I've also seen it where it's further off from the house than just that twelve feet. Say about twenty, twenty feet. Interviewer: Mm. 185: But it's usually connected by a porch. Interviewer: Mm. Mm. Do you have any idea why that was done? 185: One reason um and then sometimes well although not in these cases the um kitchen was in a separate building from the house. I know that it's been said that that was done although I haven't seen any of those at home Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: That that was for um for safety purposes um why the kitchen was separated from the house I'm not really sure. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah, I've heard that uh bit about for safety purpose and and possibly you know the the heat 185: Yeah Interviewer: in the summertime something like that. 185: Well it's real cool cause these old dogtrot houses Interviewer: Mm Dogtrot house, have you any other uh uh distinctive styles of house like that that come to mind immediately? uh I had in mind a a type of house uh the rooms uh being arranged in such a manner that if you opened the doors to each one of them you'd be able to see straight through #1 out the back of the house like that. You ever seen anything like that or? # 185: #2 Mm-mm. # Interviewer: What about a shotgun house? You heard of that? 185: No Interviewer: Haven't heard of shotgun. Well talk about the kitchen. Have you ever heard of uh having maybe a a room right off of the kitchen #1 uh in which uh a woman would keep extra dishes or ca- # 185: #2 A pantry # Interviewer: #1 Call that a pantry? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything besides that? 185: Um I've heard of a room off from the kitchen referred to as a keeping room Interviewer: Keeping room 185: But I'm not sure if it had dishes and things like that in it. Interviewer: Any idea at all what might've uh 185: I think you probably put I think they #1 they obviously kept something in it. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah {NW} # 185: But but as far as as as if it was say canned food that they'd put up over the summer {NS} whether it was that or say when they got through with like lunch {NS} and {NS} leftover food that they were keeping for supper whether they'd put it in there I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah I see. I'll ask you about uh uh a particular expression, say you know when a a woman gets up in the morning she might move around the house and uh kind of uh maybe she might pick up something here or straighten something here or you know #1 dust a little something there, what would you say she's doing? She's uh # 185: #2 She's tidying up. # Interviewer: Tidying up. Ever heard anything else uh anybody use anything else besides 185: #1 Picking up, straightening up # Interviewer: #2 Picking up? # Mm. Uh cleaning the house? uh 185: #1 Yeah cleaning the house. Cleaning. # Interviewer: #2 All mean the same thing. # 185: Well cleaning the house is usually um involves a lot more work than just straightening up. Usually straightening up then you just were like shift some papers here pick up, straighten up and cleaning the house is um you get out the vacuum cleaner, the broom, you mop, you vacuum, you sweep, you dust Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. You mentioned uh mentioned using a broom. Have you ever seen a uh #1 something like a broom but not with a wooden handle? # 185: #2 A brush broom? # Interviewer: Now what's that? 185: Okay well a b- a brush broom what what it is it's um a hand-made broom and they grow broom straw or broom sage grows at home. And you can um take these straws, there's a woman down there in her eighties who still makes these Interviewer: Where is it? 185: In Ocilla. Out in the county. And um you cut 'em and so that you've got a good broom it's like nothing you buy in the grocery store it's it's what we call broom-straw. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And you get 'em all together about say about three, four inches around tie that with st- with twine with string and you bind it and you can use that and that's what everybody used before your had brooms you bought in the grocery store. Interviewer: Mm. And you say those are still available? 185: Yeah they're still available, there's a woman who who still makes 'em. People just basically use 'em for decorative purposes and I always thought they were used just like they they looked good besides beside a fireplace. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: But we got one this summer for some friends of ours from Ocilla who now live out in New Mexico. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And Daddy came home with it and I decided I'd see how well it swept. And so I swept up #1 part of the carport with it. It works really well. It works really well. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Your mother has one now? 185: Um yeah. It's just for decoration. There's that and then um you can take um gallberry bushes Interviewer: What now? 185: Gallberry bushes. G-A-L-L B-E-R-R-Y, they're they have gallberries. Interviewer: {NW} 185: Um #1 They um # Interviewer: #2 Makes sense # 185: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: They grow down in creek bottom lands at home and it's sort of marshy and swampy down there. And they grow there and you can take these when they get pretty high and cut 'em and people used to use those to sweep the yard with. Back before there were lawnmowers people didn't have grass in their yard, they had shrubbery and then picket fences but no grass. To have grass in your yard was a sign that you were a sorry person. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Are those gallberries edible? 185: I don't know We've never eaten 'em. Interviewer: Mm. 185: I think so because um {NS} animals eat 'em. Interviewer: Mm. {NS} I see. You me- you you mentioned um picket fence. What what sort of fence is that? Where would you find that? 185: A picket fence you'd find around a house. It's wooden and it's got, well each little slat in the fence that goes up and down in the fence is a picket. And they're usually triangular-shaped on top. It's straightforward and then they've made sort of a triangle, a point at the top Interviewer: Be about how high? 185: Usually about three feet maybe. Interviewer: Yeah, three feet. Are they uh functional or is it just uh decorative or 185: Well functional and decorative. But um if an animal wanted to go through it could. Interviewer: Mm. Mm. I see. Well uh one thing I want to ask you about years ago uh used to, women would set aside one particular day you know uh when all the dirty clothes have accumulated you know, they would set aside a day for maybe something they'd know they want to do their 185: Do the wash Interviewer: Do the wash 185: Yeah Interviewer: Oh and uh is is there any other uh #1 way of putting that that you can think of besides you know do the wash or # 185: #2 Well. Do the laundry. # Interviewer: #1 Do the laundry # 185: #2 Although # Laundry is more an an a more recent term Interviewer: Mm. 185: Than wash day. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Because used to with wash day you'd have to go out and heat up your wash pots Interviewer: Mm. 185: Big cast irons pots you'd have to build fires under them to heat the hot water. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And you'd have a scrub board. And um {NS} a bar of a bar of soap say octagon soap or lye soap, one or the other. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And that's what you'd u- that's how you'd have to wash your clothes. Interviewer: Mm. #1 Do you ever see any of those uh big wash pots around any more? # 185: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # We have some at home. My grandmother still has hers. Interviewer: Mm. Well uh you know in order to get uh uh the wrinkles #1 out of your clothes, you have to- Mm. # 185: #2 You have to iron them. # Interviewer: By the way, uh I wa- I was mentioning a particular day when that was done. Do you have any idea which day that might have been when you know, wash day? #1 Not sure # 185: #2 I haven't. I'm not sure # Interviewer: Do you have any idea uh as to whether certain other chores were set aside for uh 185: #1 Certain days? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 185: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Just not sure about that. # Say uh uh you mentioned that uh that uh your house had a back porch. What about uh uh uh the front part of your house, is there anything uh 185: There's a little stoop at the entryway, the entry is recessed about three feet Interviewer: Mm. 185: And then so th-there's a {NS} a stoop and um actually it's recessed about four feet and um that's a concrete slab Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And then there's a a brick stack going up to that that goes all the way across Interviewer: Mm. I see. Uh especially in older homes you'll find a place you know in the front where uh you can #1 swing and just sit and # 185: #2 The front porch. # Interviewer: #1 front porch # 185: #2 That that's more of a # a full length all the way across the house type thing. Interviewer: Mm. 185: All the way across the front of the house. Interviewer: Mm that's good Have you ever heard that uh called by any other name besides just front porch? uh 185: J- jokingly referred to as the front veranda. Interviewer: The front veranda. Yeah. Would uh would an older person be more likely to to call it uh the veranda or? {NS} 185: I guess so because um usually whenever it's referred to as the front veranda, we're usually out at my grandparents' or at out at my great aunt's. She has a big front porch. Interviewer: Mm. Mm I see. Well have you ever heard people call it the the gallery or the piazza? {C: pa??e? z?} 185: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 or anything like that? # 185: No. Interviewer: Well have you ever seen the houses uh which the the front porch extended around you know on on the sides #1 too, it wasn't confined to the front # 185: #2 Yes. Yes. # Interviewer: Eh but that was 185: That's the side porch. Interviewer: Side porch. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I see. Just that part? 185: Yeah The front porch is at the front of the house; you have side porches on the side of the house. Interviewer: Now did that was that uh separate from the front porch or was it part of it? 185: Usually just continues around the corner. Interviewer: {X} And you referred to the front porch, #1 the side porch, the # 185: #2 side porch # Interviewer: #1 far as you know # 185: #2 it it all continues # Interviewer: #1 yeah # 185: #2 it all continues # Interviewer: Mm I see. Well is it possible to have something like that except uh #1 on on an upper floor? You know on the outside? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {NS} #1 Well would that just be # 185: #2 That's a balcony # Interviewer: That would be a balcony Mm-hmm? 185: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: I see. {NS} Uh are those are these porches that we're talking about usually just open or uh is there any type of uh screen or anything like that? 185: The ones that I'm most familiar with are um are open. Some people do screened. Interviewer: Mm. And then #1 do they call them anything th-- they call them screened-in porches. Got it. # 185: #2 They're screened-in porches # Interviewer: Uh I wanna ask you about this expression. Say if I if I came in uh your living room and and left your front door wide open, you didn't want it to stay that way you'd tell me to 185: Shut the door. Interviewer: Mm. {NS} Is there anything else that you've heard people say #1 I mean besides # 185: #2 Close the door. # Interviewer: Close the door. Do you differentiate between those? Is one uh politer than the other maybe or is one more emphatic or something like that? 185: I guess it's possible that one is but Interviewer: #1 Shut the door, close the door, same things. # 185: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Say uh a house that uh uh uh you know on the outside of some of these houses these frame houses the uh there's a kind of uh the the wood, the siding is uh, constructed like that so it kind of overlaps 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 in that fashion? # 185: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever heard that referred to by any particular # name that 185: Um yeah it's um it's wooden siding um sometimes it's tongue and groove well it's not really a tongue and groove if it's going that way Interviewer: Mm. 185: um #1 it's probably a clapboard styling # Interviewer: #2 clapboard # 185: but I've I can't remember if I've heard any if it's like boards going this way Interviewer: Mm. 185: uh vertically with thin boards over where the l- {D: wire} boards lap. Interviewer: Mm. 185: That's board and batten. Interviewer: Mm. I see. The you ever heard the the term weatherboarding? 185: Yes. Yes. Interviewer: Same thing? 185: Basically yes. Interviewer: #1 What I was describing # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 185: #2 That's weatherboarding. # Interviewer: Yeah. Weatherboarding, clapboarding 185: Usually weatherboarding Interviewer: Usually weatherboarding. 185: My grandparents referred to it as weatherboarding. Interviewer: I see. And uh the very top of your house, you refer tha- to that as the 185: It's the roof. Interviewer: Mm yeah. Well talking about the roof uh you know right on the sides some of some houses there are these uh things that uh carry off the rain water 185: Gutters. Interviewer: Call those gutters 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: As far as you know, were those things built in or suspended from uh the side, most of the ones that you've seen? 185: Usually they're um {NS} they're nailed to the face board. You've got um where your roof comes off you usually have say well, you've got two-by-sixes coming down Interviewer: Mm. 185: and so you run a board over the end of those two-by-sixes usually a two-by-six and then you cover that, usually with a one inch board, and that's the face board. And usually the gutters are nailed to the face board Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: and then with the down spouts at the end. Interviewer: Mm. Well say in a house where you have different slopes of the roof, you know #1 uh a place where # 185: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: two of the two uh slopes meet like that. Have you ever heard that place? 185: That's a valley. Interviewer: That's a valley. I see. Is uh the function the same thing? The 185: Well the valley um what you have there you have two different sloping roofs meeting and they meet there so that all the water coming from each slope of the roof runs off down there. Interviewer: Mm {X} I see. I wanna ask you about uh {NS} {D: a verb} uh say uh when you uh by the way if if uh what i- what is the general term you know for a a motorized vehicle that uh 185: A car. Interviewer: A car. Ever heard it called anything else? 185: #1 Can't think # Interviewer: #2 Just a # 185: #1 just a car # Interviewer: #2 a car uh # automobile 185: Usually not automobile Interviewer: Just car 185: usually a car. Interviewer: Mm. I see. What do you say you do #1 you uh # 185: #2 You go. You drive. # Interviewer: Mm. And the past form of that uh yesterday I- 185: Drove. Interviewer: And then I've- 185: I have driven. {NS} Interviewer: You were talking about uh packhouses and uh {NS} storage houses that sort of thing. Uh oh this is this uh any other any other term for a little uh building a separate building where you might keep #1 tools or # 185: #2 A shed. # Interviewer: A shed. I see. #1 For uh garden equipment. # 185: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 Or something like that. # 185: #2 Yeah. A tool shed. # Interviewer: I see. And by the way, you mentioned a uh smokehouse that's uh if you mentioned the particular one that you had in mind was used primarily for storage 185: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 What's # #1 what's the primary function of the smokehouse? # 185: #2 The primary # {NS} function of a smokehouse was to smoke meat. {NS} But years ago when um there was no refrigeration {NS} um farmers would have to um kill hogs {D: and do it} and they'd smoke the meat, the hams, and sausage, and bacon. And um they usual- they always had to kills the hogs {NS} in the fall after it got cold to prevent the meat from spoiling. immediately before they could um get it smoked, get it cured. And they'd hang it up in the smokehouse after they put salt pepper on it maybe sugar although sugar cure is more of a Virginia cure than a south Georgia cure. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Um there would usually be a hole up in the middle of the smokehouse and they'd build there'd be a pit dug in the smokehouse. It wouldn't have a wooden floor in it. Just wooden sides {NS} holes to hang the meat from and a roof with a hole in the middle. And they'd build a small fire down in the pit dug into the dirt {NW} that {NS} wouldn't so much as burn but it'd smolder and u- usually they'd use oak maybe hickory if they had some, hickory, but there's not there's there's not much hickory at home. Usually they'd use oak Interviewer: Mm. 185: And they'd smoke the meat um I don't know how long but but until until it was to the stage where it would keep Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well talk about uh buildings like that you know before you had indoor plumbing. Was there a place #1 uh # 185: #2 The outhouse. # Interviewer: Yeah yeah. Ever heard that called anything else? 185: The outdoor john. Interviewer: Outdoor john. 185: Mm-hmm. The privy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 185: #1 That's about all. # Interviewer: #2 About it? # 185: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Think of any less polite terms? # That you might have heard? {NW} That you care to mention {NW} Oh well uh {NW} might as well try. {NW} Well have you ever had to call a two-holer or something like 185: Oh yeah. A two-holer and a three-holer. Interviewer: A three-holer? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: I-I two-holer's about the limit. 185: Well see um {NS} Interviewer: Gets crowded and {NW} 185: Well yeah {C: laughter} but um {NS} what happens is that um {NS} there'd be a smaller hole for a child. Interviewer: Hmm. #1 {NW} # 185: #2 You don't think they'd fall through. # Interviewer: That's when they {X} {NW} Yeah. Well what about uh {NS} uh have you ever uh spent any time on a farm? 185: Yeah Interviewer: Mm could you tell me about some of the different buildings that you would have on a typical farm or 185: Okay well I've already mentioned the smokehouse the packhouse there'd be a tool shed usually a shed for tractors which would to go under which would be say twelve feet high and the edge maybe fifteen in the middle. Um if it was a big tractor small if it was a smaller tractor corn crib which at my grandfather's farm is made out of logs and has a roof and a floor. and you'd put well when they kept corn in it they kept whole ear corn in it. There's a barn {NS} and um a hay loft which is up above the main section of the barn and where you store your hay {NS} Interviewer: Um could you describe that to me? 185: The barn? Interviewer: Sure. 185: Okay. Um {NS} There's a big center section on the barn that's basically a two story two stories. And the hay loft is the same as your second story. It's um up above the main section where you'd have some animals, although you had smaller rooms on each side of the main section where you could keep animals. {NS} Your hay loft usually has a staircase stairway going up to it. And then basically um about six feet high on the sides and say about ten feet high in the middle. And just a flat wooden floor. There'd be a place in the middle of {NS} a hole where they'd have a cover over it so you could lift it up and close it so you could drop hay down to any animals in the barn. Interviewer: Mm 185: And there'd be big openings sort of a sort of door, doorways without doors at each end of the barn so that if you were um wanted to load hay out of the barn onto a wagon or into a truck, you could just stand there and pitch it out. Interviewer: I see. You mentioned you mentioned after that a stairway 185: Yeah Interviewer: near the barn uh I meant to ask you a minute ago when we were talking about the porch those things that you go up to get from the yard to the porch, you call those the 185: Steps. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Well what about inside the house? Did you have to go from uh say the first floor to the second, you'd call those the 185: A staircase or a stairway. {NS} Or just stairs. Interviewer: {NW} Well uh uh What uh wh- what is the barn used for uh #1 on your grandparents' {D: farmland} # 185: #2 Okay. # Um {NS} to keep animals in usually not in bad in say cold weather because it usually doesn't get very cold at home. Um {NS} if an animal is sick {NS} they'll bring it up from out of the field put it into a smaller room on one of the side inside the barn keep it there if um they have a pig a sow that's fixing to give birth they'll keep they kept her there until they built a farrowing house. Interviewer: A what? 185: A farrowing house. Interviewer: Now what is that? 185: Um it's just {NS} a big okay so it's a building about fifteen by about fifty. Maybe twenty by fifty divided up into little stalls little par-partitioned off and it's got a concrete floor and that's where they keep sows that are fixing to give birth. And they after they've given birth they keep them there until {X} little pigs the piglets are big enough to get out into a pa- i- into the pasture with the mother Interviewer: Mm 185: without getting lost. Interviewer: Mm that's {X} You mentioned uh a corn crib 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 a minute ago. # Was there any other uh place where uh maybe other types of grain were kept besides uh just the corn crib that you can remember? 185: Well you'd keep some ground grain in paper in not paper sacks in um burlap bags in um in the packhouse. What most farmers do is that they're um in usually in each town there're large grain companies that are owned by say someone in town and they have big corn bins. Um that are round metal say fifty feet high and they keep corn in that. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: They store the farmer's corn and charge him a storage fee and then they'll they'll grind the corn into feed. And that's primarily that's primarily where most farmers keep their grain keep their corn. Although some are put in corn bins out on their farm. Interviewer: I see. Well have you have you ever heard of anything called a granary around a farm? {NS} 185: Not around not as far as south Georgia's concerned Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see. 185: There are some silos on farms but they're usually um used to hold silage which is chopped up you take your corn {NS} it can be green or it can be dried already made and you just grind up the whole thing, stalk, leaf corn cob, grain and all, add a certain amount of water to it put it in the um silo and it ferments a little bit and you um feed it to your cows and they get very happy. Interviewer: {NW} Well uh does this silo that you mentioned that's the uh 185: That's the the the real big one it's usually a couple of hundred feet high. Interviewer: Shaped like a what would you say? 185: Shaped #1 it's cyli- it's a cyli-cylindrical. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 185: It's round with a rounded top on it. Interviewer: I see. Now used to, I don't think you see too many of of these around anymore but uh before a farmer baled his hay he would just {NS} you know, out in the fields pile it up into great what do you call those things? 185: Shocks. Interviewer: Those are shocks. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: But but what size? Uh what shape? What uh They'd be uh 185: Um usually they're {NS} humped ov- hump-shaped and they're probably around twenty feet high. Although that now they're um hay balers that um you bale your hay in a roll and you just leave it out in the field Interviewer: Mm. 185: and um as the cows want it they can go and eat off it. Interviewer: Now these shocks that you're talking about are they the same thing as what some people call haystacks? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Same thing. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know if if uh people made those haystacks by uh uh piling it around a pole 185: #1 They did. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 They did? # I see. #1 Have you ever helped out in in uh making on of those things? Mm. # 185: #2 No they're not they're not that common through south Georgia. # Interviewer: I see. Well talking about hay and uh uh where you might keep it you said in in the loft in the barn. Have you ever seen any of these uh things out in the field? Really they only consist of a few poles and and uh some sort of roof and uh the hay is is kept underneath that uh that structure. You ever seen anything like that? 185: I've seen separate hay barns but they're usually usually somewhat bigger than that. Interviewer: Mm Are they fully enclosed or? 185: No. The ones I've seen are basically that same construction but larger. Interviewer: And you call that a hay barn. 185: A hay barn. Interviewer: I see. Um any uh well what about uh uh places in on the farm where you uh might keep uh various animals. What uh what would you have? 185: Um Usually you just keep them in the field although um there is a cow barn Interviewer: Cow barn? 185: on the farm. It's it's not ne- it's not so much a barn but it's got a feeding trough in it. {NS} It's got um a storage room and it's got a place for hay storage and it's got um feeders for hay in it. Interviewer: Mm you mentioned a trough Uh what uh plural form of that, you have several 185: Troughs. Interviewer: What about a a place where you keep your your horses on a farm? Would they uh #1 be kept anywhere special? # 185: #2 That'd be a stable. # Well a stable or something we just kept them in the barn Interviewer: Mm 185: There'd be a a separate room in the barn for them Interviewer: Mm. I see. Any special place where uh your grandparents would've uh had the cows when they were gonna milk 'em? 185: Usually they'd just um they'd be in a barn or they'd go bring them up from the field. Interviewer: Mm. Mm I see. Is there any particular place where uh a farmer might pen up his cows until he got a lot of manure there you know and then use that for uh #1 for fertilizer? # 185: #2 for fertilizer? # I can't think of any, unless they just {NS} unless you pen some up to feed to fatten them out for sale and then you just got the manure from that. Interviewer: Mm. 185: But as far as as far as penning them up especially to collect manure I don't know although there are people who have large feed lots Interviewer: Yeah 185: that have concrete bases Interviewer: Mm 185: They do collect the manure from that and use that for fertilizer Interviewer: Mm Does the does the word compost mean anything to you? 185: Yeah but um that's more that's recent origin. Interviewer: Yeah 185: That's um Well one one of my next door one of our next door neighbors has a compost pile in town and she puts leaves um vegetable peelings and things like that Interviewer: Mm 185: Um as far as there being a compost pile on my grandfather's farm, there's not. Interviewer: Mm I see. Well what about uh your hogs? Where were they kept? 185: They were {NS} usually kept in the field and whenever you have to bring them up to sell them we um there's a separate, a pen down at the cow barn that you just go through, go through the field, usually take three or four people and you um drive them up into the um barn lot and into the pen and then you um separate them out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm I see. Was there ever any uh shelter? Uh in one of these pens or just strictly open? 185: Um sometimes there's a shelter, sometimes there's not. Interviewer: Mm. I see. {NS} Well talking about farm, what uh the type of farm uh on which you would uh uh have uh milk cows strictly #1 {X} # 185: #2 A dairy. # Interviewer: Call that a dairy. {NS} Do you know if that term dairy does it can you use it to refer to anything uh other than uh that type of uh specialized uh farm where you would have milk cows? #1 Anything come to mind? # 185: #2 It's # also referred to as the plant itself where they um pasteurize the milk, separate the cream from it, that sort of thing. Interviewer: I see. Process it? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Well you know in in the days before refrigeration you have any idea what people did to uh keep you know perishables like uh milk and butter uh uh 185: Usually there was um {NS} {C: music playing} as far as, there'd be like {NS} {C: music playing} you kept your milk and your butter {NS} {C: music playing} my grandmother's told #1 she told me how I can't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: {NS} {C: music playing} There was some place that they did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And I've forgotten it, I don't know if it was at the well yeah it would've been at the well because the well was like on the back porch right next to the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. 185: And as far as keeping food um you usually cooked enough say at um at lunch for supper so you'd just cook one meal a day. And there were never any leftovers from the day before unless it was say something like maybe bread, or biscuits that would keep without refrigeration. You had to cook everyday. Interviewer: Mm. {NS} {C: music playing} I see. So you what did you do? You just lowered it down the well? Was that it or uh {NS} 185: I guess so but I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Well have you ever heard of any kind of a-affair that might have been constructed uh down by a stream or something like that so that the the the flowing water would've kept the the uh the milk and the butter or whatever #1 cool? You ever heard of anything like that? # 185: #2 Not at home. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard of uh uh the word dairy refer to something like that that I was describing? 185: No. Interviewer: Haven't heard that. Uh You ever, the term springhouse Does that mean anything to you? 185: Not in connection with South Georgia. I've seen springhouses elsewhere. But not as far as where I'm from. Interviewer: {NS} Well on the on the on the farm maybe uh an open place around uh the barn where the animals might be free to walk around 185: A barn lot. Interviewer: Call that a barn lot. Ever heard it called anything else? 185: Barn yard. Interviewer: Barn yard. Same thing? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I see. And the place on a farm that uh you would use to let your your cows graze, you'd call that a 185: A pasture. Interviewer: Pasture. Was that usually uh fenced-in or was it open? {NS} 185: It's been fenced-in as long as I can remember. It was fenced-in before I was born. Interviewer: What what kind of fencing doe- {C: about to say 'does'; corrects to 'do'} do your grandparents use around the pasture? 185: Um regular fen- well the only way I can describe it is by saying it is- as regular fencing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um wi- wit- with um treated posts creosote-treated posts and um then strands of barbed wire above the fencing {NS} attached to the post usually two or three strands. Interviewer: I see. Any other type of wire fencing that you know about? uh 185: Well there's chicken wire. Interviewer: Chicken wire. 185: Which is a very fine wire and was used around chicken chicken pens because it was, because for one thing it was a finer wire with smaller holes and you didn't have to have a stronger wire to keep the chickens in Interviewer: Mm. I see. Can you remember the days before wire fencing was available? Uh the type of fencing that was used uh and be made out of wooden uh 185: I've seen wooden fences but as long as I've been around there's been wire fence. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever seen any made out of rails? 185: Just for decorative purposes. Interviewer: What would you call that? 185: A split-rail fence. Interviewer: Split-rail fence. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How is uh is that the type that uh, how is that constructed? Is it uh 185: It's constructed um in zig-zags Interviewer: I see. #1 Was it nailed together or # 185: #2 No. It's stacked. # Interviewer: Stacked. How did it stay together? 185: I don't know Interviewer: {NW} 185: I don't know Interviewer: Cow wanted to lean against it you know, there goes the fence. 185: Well it may have been nailed. I don't know. But I know that it was that it was also stacked. Interviewer: I see. #1 So you don't see those around anymore except for # 185: #2 No. # #1 Except for decoration # Interviewer: #2 Decoration # 185: A thing in someone's yard. Interviewer: Mm. I see. Well uh say a fence like uh you know uh the one that uh uh Tom Sawyer had to had to whitewash uh, that type of fence. What would you call that? You know what I had in mind? uh 185: A board fence? Interviewer: Board fence? Have you ever heard the term paling fence used? 185: No. Interviewer: Haven't heard that. Well on a uh a farm uh say in the Ocilla area what uh what what's what's what's grown there? uh 185: Corn peanuts, tobacco some cotton but not much um soybeans {NS} {C: music playing} Interviewer: Do you have any idea the the type of work that you have to do when you're raising cotton? Are you familiar with that at all? 185: Not so much cotton, because cotton hasn't been grown too much. You have to um plough it, plant it, spray it and then finally you pick it and now they now they use mechanical harvesters almost everybody, well everybody who does grow it uses mechanical harvesters. Interviewer: Mm I see. Well what about uh have you ever heard any uh expression used to describe the process of of uh weeding uh the cotton? uh 185: #1 You go out and you chop cotton. # Interviewer: #2 Chop cotton. # 185: #1 Yeah. My grandmo- my mothers chopped cotton. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Was it, that was, that I was #1 referring to it as accurate as weeding # 185: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. You got have to chop cotton, hoe cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Now you hoe peanuts but you chopped cotton. Interviewer: I see. By the way, you mentioned peanuts, have you ever heard those called anything else? 185: Um I've heard them referred to as goobers. Interviewer: Goobers. {NS} {C: music playing} Anything besides that? uh {NS} {C: music playing} 185: No. Interviewer: Ground beans? 185: I've I've read {X} and they've been referred to as that in there but as far as anyone calling them that no Interviewer: Mm. {NS} Well the weeds that we're talking about that you you chopped uh in a cotton field, anything in particular 185: Berry lice and cockle-burrs. Interviewer: Berry lice and cockle-burrs. 185: Yes. Interviewer: Sounds like you've had experience with that. 185: Um I've had experience with cockle-burrs and berry lice but not well not having to get rid of them um cockle-burrs and berry lice primarily go in {D: honey} and also um they'd be in the back fields, peanut fields the same with cockle-burrs. Interviewer: Mm. I see. Well what about stuff like uh #1 uh Johnson grass, crabgrass, that type of thing? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Yeah Johnson grass was around, crabgrass was around, Jimson weed bitter weed Interviewer: Mm 185: although bitter weed you find more in more in pastures and especially in the fall because the cow would eat it and make the milk bitter. Interviewer: Mm I see. You been talking about um fields. Uh anything uh like a field except there might be a difference in size? You might grow uh 185: A garden? Interviewer: Yeah. 185: And then you have orchards where you've got well m- mainly pecan trees at home Interviewer: I see. Are uh uh maybe a a smaller area where you might put something like peas, strictly, or tobacco, you say, I got a little {D: beef} out back uh 185: You can have tobacco field. But as far as a separate field where peas, peas have always been grown in the garden or maybe yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} the uh the Brer Rabbit #1 story, Brer Rabbit and the what? # 185: #2 Yeah, the cotton patch. # The cotton patch. Interviewer: Cotton patch, yeah. Is there a difference between uh a patch and a field? 185: I don't know. Interviewer: Not sure about that. We mentioned a minute ago talking about the uh the fencing, putting them up with the the posts. Have you ever seen this contraption that you use you know to #1 to dig the hole? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 What do you call that? It's a post hole digger. # 185: #2 Post hole digger. # Interviewer: Have you ever had the pleasure? 185: Oh yes. Yes. Interviewer: They're fine, aren't they? 185: Yeah. W- Well once you get the knack of it, it's not too bad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: You usually wind up banging your knuckles together a couple of times. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Um Well what about uh still talking about fences, that sort of thing. Have you ever seen any uh walls or fences uh around your part of the country that were made out of some loose stone or rock? #1 Anything like that? # 185: #2 No. No. # Interviewer: Had you, do you have any conception of what #1 that is like? Have you ever heard or seen them before? # 185: #2 Yeah I've seen them before, I've seen them up in Tennessee. # And they're just rocks stacked together. No mortar no cement or anything between them just rocks stacked together. Interviewer: Mm What do they call those things? 185: #1 Rock fences. # Interviewer: #2 Just a rock fence? # What about uh this stuff uh, moving on to something else uh the stuff that uh uh families uh best dishes would probably be made of, you'd call that 185: The china. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever seen an egg made out of uh that stuff that a farmer might use to try to fool 185: A nest egg. Interviewer: Nest egg. 185: Um Usually most people at home use porcelain doorknobs. Interviewer: Really? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 That could be uncomfortable in certain situations # 185: #2 Well you just # stick the door, the knob part, and you've got a nice porcelain egg there. {D: and} and sometimes they'll use an old egg they'd take one, say take a color crayon or something and mark it so that you wouldn't confuse it with with a fresh egg. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And you'd just leave that egg in there in the nest. Interviewer: That work pretty well? 185: Yeah. Yeah, it worked real well. Interviewer: Was that was that the only purpose they were used for? {NW} 185: #1 As as what? # Interviewer: #2 For for as fooling the hen. You know. # 185: Yeah. As far as I know. Interviewer: The reason I ask, fellow told me that uh he used them, not so much for that but to um to uh discourage chicken snakes. Cause you know, they swallow one of those things, {NS} forget about it. Gone. You try to wrap around something, crack 'em. The doorknob, you know? 185: {NW} Interviewer: Uh Well say you had an egg made out of that uh china. #1 You'd simply call than an # 185: #2 {X} # A nest egg. #1 or # Interviewer: #2 or # if you use that word you call it a 185: #1 a porcelain egg # Interviewer: #2 what kind of egg? or a # Say it's made out of china. It would be a 185: A china egg I suppose. Interviewer: Say if uh again on the farm when you're going to milk the cows, what would you probably take with you to catch the milk in? 185: A bucket. Interviewer: What uh uh Have you ever heard that called anything else? 185: They're sometimes referred to as pails #1 but everyone # Interviewer: #2 Pails # 185: at home refers to them as buckets. Interviewer: As far as you know, bucket and and pail, is that the same? 185: Yeah. As far as I know. Interviewer: W-when you think of a of a bucket what do you think it's been made of? 185: Metal. Interviewer: Okay. 185: Usually galvanized steel. Interviewer: Ever wood? 185: Mm-Mm Not now. Once they were but not now. Interviewer: {X} Well is there any type of uh of uh of a bucket that uh might have been kept around the kitchen or the back porch somewhere where uh the wife might throw scraps, you know stuff like that, to feed the hogs with later on? 185: Yeah there's one kept I don't know that I don't know that it has a special a special name or not Interviewer: Mm 185: There's usually just just a bucket so that you go and put the scraps, the vegetable peelings, things like that in. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever heard people call that of a swill bucket or a swap bucket? uh 185: No. {NS} Interviewer: I see. What about uh something bigger uh than that that you used to put just general refuse in you call that your 185: Trash can. Interviewer: Trash can. {NS} Ever heard people call it anything besides that? 185: No. Interviewer: Garbage can? 185: #1 Oh yeah, garbage can, sure. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Same thing? # Were those made out of uh 185: Those are made out of galvanized steel. S- sometimes metal. Interviewer: What do you call this uh this thing uh utensil that you can use to uh say uh fry eggs in uh 185: Frying pan {NS} Interviewer: #1 Ever heard anybody call that anything else # 185: #2 A skillet. # Interviewer: Skillet? Same thing? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well have you ever heard uh probably a long time ago of something like that that uh you could use for cooking uh things in actually in the fire place uh might've had legs on it or something like that? 185: No, not familiar. Interviewer: #1 You ever heard uh spider used in that uh connection as being a frying pan or a skillet? # 185: #2 No. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: You mentioned a a wash pot uh a while ago. Is there anything like that, except maybe smaller? Or uh or say you know if you were going boil tea, you know this thing with a spout you know you 185: Oh a kettle. Interviewer: It'd be a tea kettle. 185: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm I see. All right well another container since we're talking about containers uh uh this things that you would use to put cut flowers in, you know to {X} 185: A vase. Interviewer: Call that a vase. Uh any other type of uh now you don't grow flowers in a vase, do you? 185: No. Interviewer: You would grow them in a 185: In your yard. Interviewer: Yeah or say a container #1 What w-. Call that a flowerpot. # 185: #2 A flowerpot. # Interviewer: #1 Do people keep flowerpots in the house like they do vases? # 185: #2 Sure. Sure. Yeah. # Interviewer: {NS} Uh some uh uh utensils that you uh most often use you know when you're eating a meal you use a 185: Knife and a fork and spoon. Interviewer: And if you're having steak #1 more than likely you'd have # 185: #2 You'd have a steak knife. # Interviewer: Or a set of steak 185: Knives. Interviewer: Mm. {NS} Uh we're talking about eating the meal. When you get through uh what do you do with the dirty dishes? 185: You wash them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And after you get through washing them 185: You dry 'em and then you put 'em up. Interviewer: Well okay. But before you before you dry them, in order to get to all the soapy 185: You rinse 'em. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people say anything besides uh rinse the dishes? Mean the same thing? 185: No. Interviewer: Ever heard uh people say scald 'em? 185: No. Interviewer: Haven't heard that. And when you're when you're washing the dishes this uh the cloth that you use you know 185: The dishrag. Interviewer: That's the dishrag. Well what about one that you use when drying? #1 Is that # 185: #2 That's a dish towel. # Interviewer: That's a dish towel? 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Well talking about that type of thing, you know uh when you were when you're taking a bath #1 a small one that you might use to # 185: #2 It's a washrag. Also a wash cloth. # Interviewer: {NS} I see. And the big one that you draw 185: Is a towel. {NS} Interviewer: Say uh in the in the kitchen you know over the sink the thing that uh the water comes out of you call that a 185: #1 The faucet. # Interviewer: #2 That's the faucet. # Well what about uh you know what's the one in the yard? 185: That's a spigot. {NS} Interviewer: I see. Well uh. You know s- these uh portable or containers that uh say men who work with the highway department use when they're on the road. There's usually some little deal you know that you can #1 press or push or something- that's a spigot too. # 185: #2 That's a spigot. # Interviewer: {NS} Have you ever uh uh had any any trouble at your house say during winter time when it gets real cold uh uh with your with your pipes uh any trouble #1 maybe you know how you # 185: #2 Sometimes they freeze. # Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Have they ever # 185: #2 And then # They burst. Yeah. Interviewer: Long time ago, moving on to something else uh when people were going to buy a good bit of flour say or something like that. A large quantity It's the big wooden thing you know with the the staves that it would come in 185: The barrel Interviewer: Call that a barrel 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call those things that they go around the barrel? You know they call them the staves in place uh 185: Those are #1 the metal bands that go around # Interviewer: #2 The bands? # 185: I guess, I don't know. Interviewer: Well you remember the another term uh uh when that the craze was going around these plastic things the hula 185: A hula hoop. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the bands called a 185: #1 A hoop? # Interviewer: #2 hoop? Mm-hmm. # 185: No. Interviewer: No. Well what about something that's that's like a barrel except it's #1 it's smaller. # 185: #2 A keg? # Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. What would what would 185: Nails. Interviewer: Nails come in a keg? 185: Sometimes gunpowder. Interviewer: Gunpowder? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to uh to buy a uh a fairly large amount of of lard #1 something like that # 185: #2 That'd come in a lard can. # Interviewer: Lard can? 185: Five gallons. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever heard any other term for uh that sort of container? 185: Maybe a lard bucket. Interviewer: Lard bucket? Have you ever heard people talk about uh #1 uh a stand lard or something like that? No? Okay. # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: Say if uh if uh your mother was uh bottling something. Uh or maybe she was pouring molasses into into a bottle with a small mouth, you know? W-what would she more than likely use to keep that 185: A funnel. Interviewer: And uh this thing back in the horse and buggy days that you cracked around 185: A whip. Interviewer: You were talking about uh {NW} uh burlap bags that type of thing a minute ago. Uh say if you went down to the grocery store uh what would the grocer put your purchase in if you carried it home? 185: A paper sack. Interviewer: That would be a paper sack. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well if you wanted to buy you know uh peat moss or fertilizer or uh something like that uh what would you call the thing that that would be packed in? 185: A fertilizer sack. Interviewer: Fertilizer sack. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Are uh uh what about these things that are made of this uh heavy course rough uh material uh uh some type of kind of cloth-like material you know? Sometimes you see uh pecans in the big processing plants are put in those things or 185: Oh yeah. Those are um #1 those are burlap bags # Interviewer: #2 Burlap bags. # You ever heard anything like that called uh anything besides that? Burlap bag {NS} {C: music playing} 185: They'd also be called sacks. #1 I believe # Interviewer: #2 Sacks # 185: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} {C: they say the same thing} # 185: I've always heard them referred to as a burlap bag. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people in your part of the country uh talked about tow sacks or crocker sacks? 185: Oh yeah a croker sack Interviewer: Croker sack 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a 185: Yeah that's the same thing as a burlap bag. Interviewer: Burlap bag. 185: Yeah it's a croker sack. Interviewer: I see. But you're you you're not familiar with tow sack then? 185: No. Interviewer: I see. Say uh if uh a farmer wanted to take uh uh a fair amount of corn to the mill to be ground talking about the amount that he could take at one time. Now have you ever heard uh your grandfather or somebody talk about That any particular way that say you gotta take it referring to the quantity 185: Not not referring to the quantity because usually you take um when you combine your corn usually it's usually combined and it's it's loaded into a wagon. And the wagons go immediately to the mill. And then after they get through grinding it into feed you go and you get a load Interviewer: Mm. 185: which will be any number did burlap bag-fulls Interviewer: Mm. I see. 185: But you go and you get a load of feed. Interviewer: Mm Or say maybe uh an amount of wood that you could carry in your arms at one time. Have you ever heard any 185: That'd be am armload. Interviewer: An armload. Mm. Have you ever heard people uh use the the term uh a turn of corn? #1 Or something like that refer to a a quantity? # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: Say uh uh uh an electric lamp, if that thing #1 burns out, the thing that you uh s- # 185: #2 You need a light bulb. # Interviewer: A light bulb. Or uh if your mother was going outside to uh hang up uh #1 the clothes to dry she'd probably # 185: #2 Clothesline. # Interviewer: Yeah. The thing that she would carry them in you call that a 185: A basket. Clothes basket. Interviewer: Say uh again I-I mentioned bottling something in in uh uh in bottles the same as you would put in the mouth of a bottle to keep the stuff from uh spilling out you would simply put in a what would you call that thing you put in the mouth? 185: Cedar wood? Interviewer: #1 Yes you'd just put a # 185: #2 You'd have a cap. # Interviewer: #1 A cap or a # 185: #2 You could put a cork. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. You ever heard that called uh uh cork or a stopper? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Same thing? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I see. What about uh this musical instrument #1 that some people can play you know you play it like so? Harmonica. # 185: #2 A harmonica. # Also referred to as a Jew's harp. Interviewer: Same thing? A Jew's harp? 185: Well {X} Interviewer 3: {NS} {X} Something {NS} speeds up here {NS} looks like it's going regular speed now but Interviewer 2: Yeah. Check it. Interviewer 3: #1 Check mic check # Interviewer 2: #2 Check the sound. It might be nothing. It might have no effect on the # on the um Interviewer 3: okay on the recording All right. Interviewer: Mic check testing one two three four mic check. I think last time we stopped uh you were telling me about harmonicas and all that but #1 before we get back into that # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: You said that you wanted to tell me about uh some unusual way of uh raising tobacco? was 185: Yeah well it's not unusual way of raising it, it's just that we have a different type of tobacco at home than they have in North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee. Interviewer: Mm. 185: In North Carolina and Virgina and Tennessee they grow burley. And at home we grow flue-cured tobacco. And the difference is primarily in the way that you crop it or harvest it and cure it. And in Virginia Tennessee, North Carolina, um the whole plant, the whole stalk, gets ripe the same time from the bottom leaves to the top. And so that they're able to go in in the summer late summer and cut the whole stalk down take it to the barn and hang it up and air-dry it that way. But at home we don't grow that type of tobacco. Um our tobacco is what's known as flue-cured tobacco. And it doesn't ripe- it ripens from the bottom to the top but not at the same time, at different at different times so that you have to harvest it in stages. And each harvesting is known as a cropping and um when you crop tobacco, it refers to both the whole process as well as individually breaking the leaves off off the tobacco plant and by flue-curing. What we do there, we have tobacco barns that are about twenty feet by twenty feet square and usually about a hundred feet high. And each tobacco barn is divided into rooms and it's divided by having um a set of rafter-like poles, known as tier poles um in vertical rows. And most barns are either four rooms or five rooms. And that's where you put the green tobacco to cure it. And it's flue-cured because you have either um gas-fired burners um bottled gas, propane, burners on the inside or you can have heating pipes on the inside with your um fuel-oil burner on the outside of your fr- fan and blow the hot air in. And what this does is that you use the heat to dry the tobacco out. It goes through several stages. You have it on low heat where you're getting your whole barn warm and the tobacco warm-warm from the top to the bottom. Um from that then you put it on color which is a little bit higher heat and that when you put on color you're slowly drying it out but at a faster rate and you're um coloring your tobacco yellow and on up to gold. And as you do this it gets drier and drier. And then finally you put it on high heat at the very end which is usually around a hundred and twenty to a hundred and fifty. And um this is the final drying stage where you dry out all the moisture. Um you have a particular problem drying out the stems to the tobacco leaves because they usually start out um as big around as your thumb and to dry these out and get them brittle um takes a good bit of time and heating usually takes about a week t- to a week and a half to cook out your- um barn of tobacco. After you get through drying it and curing it you cut off your heat and you have to let your tobacco get in order. By this you have to um open the doors and let moisture come back in. Not a whole lot or else you're gonna wind up having to cook it again or it'll get too wet and your stems will begin to swell up. And so you'll have to dry it again but you left a little bit get in it's easier to handle easier to unstring to pack up. And once you get it in order you can unload your barn put it in a packhouse and then unstring it put it on sheets and take it to market. Now the way we crop tobacco is um it's gradually mechanize- it's becoming even more mechanized. Um when my parents were growing up they did it all on foot and using mules. The tobacco grows in rows um either two rows or four rows and then you have a skip which is about ten to fifteen feet wide um that's basically a space for the tractor and the harvester to go down the middle. And then you have two rows or four rows depending on if you're using a two-row or a four-row harvester then another skip and so on like that. When my parents were growing up um the cropper the man who breaks the tobacco leaves off the tobacco stalk had to walk and bend over, he had crop it you just take your either one hand or both hands just wrap it around the stalk pull it forward toward you. This snaps the leaves off. And when before it became mechanized you'd have a sled in the middle between the rows drawn by a mule and you'd place the tobacco in that. {NS} When they got to the end of the row and the sled was full the tobacco would be taken to a barn it would be unloaded there and a person known as a hander would hand the tobacco usually three or four leaves to the stringer. Um the tobacco is put on sticks that are usually about three feet long about half inch square usually made of pine. Um the stringer takes these and using tobacco twine, tobacco string which is a special type of cotton string um ties it to the stick. You take your string, tie it at one end then you take your hands of tobacco put them next to the stick take your string, wrap it pull it tight. Then you're ready- that's on the left-hand side. You do the same on the right-hand side and reverse yourself. And then you just keep on going one hand from the left on the left-hand side cross over do a hand on the right-hand side until you get your stickful, it usually takes about twenty or twenty-five hands of your tobacco on each side. Then you tie it off at the end wrap your string around it break it and then the person known as the stick toter would take the stick take it into the barn and usually then they would put it on the bottom two tier poles between four of the rooms. When they got the bottom two tier po- tier poles full all over the bottom people would climb up into the barn on the tier poles, they're usually about maybe four feet apart three and a half or four so that you can stand with your legs spread between them. Someone would hand it up to one person say in the middle of the barn, that person would the stick of green tobacco on up to the person in the top of the barn. And they'd start hanging from the bottom coming on down. What they do now is that you've got the tobacco harvester that's usually pulled by that's pulled by a tractor. And You've got on one side there's a platf- a small platform. The cropper sits on a cushion with his leg on a little platform that's about I guess two feet wide so if he's down at the bottom with the tobacco the stringer who ties the tobacco to the sticks sits about three feet up two and a half feet up from the bottom platform facing the cropper like you and I are sitting. I'd be the cropper you'd be the stringer. I would if I were the cropper I would break the leaf off the tobacco stalk hand them up to you and you would tie them onto the stick. There's your stick is in a little square box of metal with rollers on it so that you can roll your stick forward as you need more space. And so that so that the stick toter can pull the stick out and put it on the wagon that is following the tobacco harvester. The sticks are in the middle in a little platform there and then the whole process is repeated, the whole arrangement is repeated on the other side. That's a two-row tobacco harvester, which is the most commonly-used if you're doing stick method. There's a four-row model where you've got the si- where you've got sort of on a on a flying outrig up there a cropper and a stringer. And they will be going down in {X} in between two rows of tobacco. And if you're having to take the sticks off it gets really difficult cause you're having to reach over another row of tobacco #1 to get that stick off and put on the wagon behind you. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. Mm-hmm. # 185: And except for that the same process is basically as when my parents were growing up. Except that when my parents were growing up the barns were fired with wood. And so someone would have to stay up all night and keep the fire going and make sure that the barn didn't burn down. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And barns frequently burned down. There was a man in town who um He was a rather large farmer, who had a mean old soul too but a saintly Christian. #1 And um # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: he had a big ebony walking cane. So about three in the morning, he'd go out to check his tobacco barns to see how they were doing. So he'd cut off his lights a good way from the barn cut off the motor to his car and walk down to the barn. And invariably the field hand would be asleep. Invariably he would be black. And so the man would just take his ebony cane and just beat the man till he woke up. Interviewer: {NW} 185: And um Interviewer: #1 Struck him gently between the eyes? # 185: #2 Yeah. Struck him gently between the eyes. # And um but anyway then that's how my grandparents do tobacco now with the harvester and cropping two rows. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And their barn is fuel-fired. There's another method that's an even more mechanized method that's bulk barn. It's still flue-cured. Interviewer: Bulk barn? 185: Bulk barn. Um it's basically a totally mechanized process you have a harvester {NS} that goes through the field it's either self-propelled or pulled by a tractor. Um it, you set each side for certain levels how high you want it to um go up on the on the tobacco stalk and it breaks off the leaves itself. I've never seen one work. But it harvests it it breaks the tobacco off the stalk then it goes up a conveyor belt over the top and down into a wagon that {D: fallen} down and loads the tobacco onto a metal rack that has two prongs {NS} sticking out like this and then a series of smaller prongs #1 behind it, well # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 185: It's got like two large prongs sticking out and then smaller prongs. And it just packs the tobacco on this. Interviewer: {X} 185: And then um when it when that gets full a front metal plate fits on the two large prongs and it's loaded onto a wagon that follows it. Then you take that to your bulk barn which is a metal barn about twenty by thirty and there's a lift there. You have a hoist. An electric hoist. And um an eye beam and you um lift that up you lift your big racks off your wagon and then run 'em back to the back and hang them up on hooks that hang down from the top of your bulk barn. When you get that done, you come out pick up another load that's there by then and you just fill it up. And that too is a flue-cured method and is is what the people that grows a lot of tobacco, like fifty, sixty, hundred acres use. But most of the people who are doing small tobacco allotments um ten acres and under {X} stoop method. Interviewer: #1 How did you come to know all about this? First hand experience or? # 185: #2 Yeah, first-hand experience. # Interviewer: Mm. 185: Um it's it sounds sort of we were using the stick method our far- I worked for my grandfather and for friends of ours that lived across the road from my grandfather and we used the stick method and I did a little bit of everything, from cropping I never learned to string uh to be a good stringer you have to start out very early. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And it finally gets to be more an art than anything else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Um I cropped, I toted sticks I helped load the barn and on about up in about three in the afternoon, it gets to be very very hot out in the back field, but that's not what's so bad is that your tobacco begins to smell because it's green it's got a lot of nicotine, a lot of tar in it and #1 it it's quick easy to get sick from it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 185: And when you crop tobacco it's got a lot of like I said, a lot of tar in it so that your hands wind up just being covered and black with tobacco gum. And what you have to do to be able to crop is you just your hands like w-will literally stick together if you were to press them together. So what you do, you just reach down in the dirt cover your hands in dirt and keep going Interviewer: You did that for about how long? 185: I've I did it for two summers. Interviewer: {D: Good eye} hard work 185: It is. There's nothing wrong with it. I enjoyed it. I enjoy it. We all all of us who were working together came to be very very good friends, who I'd known all of them for a long time. Interviewer: Mm. 185: But um we came to be even better friends. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Companions in adversity? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 185: #2 Yeah, def- oh oh definitely companions # in adversity. Especially when um The July thundershowers come rolling in about about four in the afternoon and you're the highest thing in the field and you're metal. Interviewer: Oh {NW} 185: And there's lots of good lightning popping #1 around # Interviewer: #2 Yeah {NW} # 185: Some people who'd been struck the harvesters who'd been struck um the ones that I was on was never were ne- were never stricken. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Yeah. But um others were, and there's some people that the stories are told about them that as soon as the clouds come up they take off for the house. Interviewer: Can't believe it. Some s-some Interviewer 3: {X} uh they do you have any names the colors and such did you have a coloring, names or the colors? 185: Not that I know of. There may be. Interviewer 3: Do you use the word bright in any in a tobacco sense. Do you know the word bright in a tobacco 185: Not as a tobacco term, no. Interviewer 3: How about as a racial term? 185: As a racial term? {NS} More than more Not as racial but um more in the sense of an intellectual term. As far as racial terms go um there's high yellow and um Interviewer: Do you mean by that? 185: By that um very light-skinned black person referred to {NS} in a derogatory sense as having a lot of white blood. Interviewer: Does it have anything to do with their mannerisms or? 185: Um maybe some what are interpreted as white mannerisms but more to the color of their skin Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} 185: As being as being very light-skinned Interviewer: Mm yeah I never for some reason never thought about Georgia as being a tobacco country but uh #1 for sure it must be {NW} but # 185: #2 Yeah, yeah. # There's a good bit of tobacco country at home. There's a whole belt from Vidalia over to Moultrie down a sort of triangle down to Thomas- down through Valdosta and then north Florida. Interviewer: Hmm. {X} It's an interesting process. Okay well I just was uh get back over to where we left off last time uh uh #1 I might repeat myself, but you were telling me about uh harmonica and the # 185: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: I was interested in whether you've heard that called anything else besides that. 185: Yeah I've heard it referred to as a Jew's harp. Interviewer: Jew's harp 185: Yes Interviewer: I see. Well uh what about this little thing how that people can play by uh like have a twangy noise, you kind of pluck it on the side like this? #1 You ever # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 185: #2 I'm not familiar with that. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Can you tell me about uh some common tools that you might keep around the house for uh you know doing odd jobs or uh yard work, that sort of thing 185: Yeah, there'd be everyone has a hammer a hoe a shovel various rakes um hoses a wheelbarrow various carts yard carts um an ax a saw both um a carpenter carpenter saw and a li- a saw that you can use to cut tree limbs with um various maybe a coping saw Interviewer: A what? 185: A coping saw. Interviewer: What's that? 185: A coping saw is a small saw, very fine blade, very narrow blade that you can use to um cut circles with and various circular designs Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 185: #2 with # Um it's got a U-shaped frame rectangular U-shaped um and then a handle and then a th-thin blade that's between the end of the handle and where the other end of the "U" is. Interviewer: Mm. 185: You fit your blade in there, tighten little screws and then you're ready to um cut. If you're cutting a circle, usually what you do is you can drill drill a hole to start with um loosen your blade at one end um put your blade through the st- through the hole that you drilled then fasten it back together and you can cut. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. You mentioned wheelbarrow. Have you ever heard uh that called any other name? Just wheelbarrow? 185: I don't think so. Interviewer: Ever heard people refer to it as a Georgia buggy? 185: No. Interviewer: Haven't heard that. Uh I wanna ask you a few things about uh wagons. Uh you know tha- tha- that uh long wooden thing that runs up uh between the horses #1 on a wagon? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} know what that's called? 185: No. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called a {D: can} {C: pronunciation} 185: Yeah, that's what it is. Interviewer: Mm. Say if you have a buggy those those things that you would back the horse the twenty when you were hitching him up to the buggy, have any idea what those would be called? 185: Not offhand. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people refer to uh buggy shafts? 185: #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Shaft was buggy? # 185: Mm-hmm. But it's been a long time. My grandfather got rid of his buggy probably fifteen years ago. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And then the wagon we don't do anything with it, it just sits under a shed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Off off at the back of the farm. Interviewer: I see. Let's say, we're talking about uh a wagon wheel right in the middle of the center of the wheel you have a hub #1 and then the spokes # 185: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 coming out from that # 185: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: now those things that the spokes stick into what would you call that, the uh say for instance, the the outside edge of the wagon wheel, we call that the of the wheel 185: #1 It might be the rim but I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 The rim of the wheel? Mm. # Now those, the things that the uh that spokes stick into uh are they uh in sections? Do you have any idea whether they're put together in sections? 185: Which ones? The ones where the a- where around where the axle is or at the very outside Interviewer: #1 The the outside spokes uh # 185: #2 edge? # Interviewer: #1 two at a time I believe in big sections # 185: #2 Yeah. # I don't know, the metal is sectioned or at least there's at least one joint in the metal, maybe where it comes around Interviewer: Mm 185: But I don't I don't know about the wooden part, whether it's sectioned or not. Interviewer: Mm. Have have you ever heard the the term filling {X} used to refer to something like that? #1 {X} # 185: #2 I've heard my grandmother # use that word Interviewer: #1 Which one? # 185: #2 and # my grandfather the ones that live on the farm. Interviewer: #1 I mean, the ones I gave you too fella. # 185: #2 the fella yeah # Interviewer: I see. Well have you ever heard people talk of uh that the metal rim around the wheel is uh anything particular, any specific term for that? 185: Not in particular, no. Interviewer: Have you ever heard uh what about tire? Talked about a tire in relation to a wagon wheel 185: Not unless you #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Well say on a on a wagon are you familiar with uh the word traces? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: The thing that the traces come back to, are attached too kind of horizontal thing that moves like this 185: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Well, do you have any idea what that might be called? # 185: #1 No, but I know what you're talking about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah {NW} # #1 Have you ever heard people call it a uh singletree or {X} # 185: #2 Yeah, a singletree, yeah. # Interviewer: {NW} And say if you had two of them. 185: It'd be a doubletree Interviewer: Double tree 185: Yeah Interviewer: Right. {NS} {D: And} talking about wagon wheels, coming back to that for just a minute, the thing that the wheel turn on #1 you know the runs underneath the back, tell me what {D: that is} # 185: #2 Yeah. The ax- # The axle. Interviewer: Ask you about uh this expression. Say if you were sitting on your front porch uh out in the country somewhere, you saw a man come by in his wagon and he had a a load of wood and a little while later you came back and the wagon was empty. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Shortly thereafter, you know, he repeated the process with another load. And this just kept up all day. What would you say he was getting, you would say he was 185: He's probably gathering firewood. Interviewer: #1 Gathering firewood? # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Or maybe another expression to mean the same thing, means that uh have you ever heard people say so-and-so's been wood all day? 185: May-may-maybe been chopping wood Interviewer: #1 Chopping wood or # 185: #2 all day # Interviewer: that or more specifically referring to the process of #1 of moving it yeah # 185: #2 Of moving it? # Interviewer: He he's been well 185: No. Interviewer: How about hauling wood? 185: Yeah, I've heard haul, using haul. Interviewer: In that sense? 185: Yeah, it's hauling something. Interviewer: I see. Or say uh Want to ask you about um a a particular word, say for example if you were driving along somewhere uh and a big log was obstructing your way 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Had to {D: phone cross load} so you might say you need to tie a rope around that thing and try to #1 {D: function} # 185: #2 Try to pull it off. # Interviewer: #1 Pull it off or over or # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Or drag it off. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Drag it, yeah. # What about the past uh tense form of that verb? You say yesterday we 185: We pulled. Interviewer: #1 Or # 185: #2 Or # We drug. Interviewer: Yes, and we've {X} 185: I guess we have drug but I don't know Interviewer: Going back uh talking about uh farm implements a little bit. Uh you know the thing that a farmer uses to break the ground {NS} 185: #1 for the first time. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 You call that a # 185: #2 A harrow # Interviewer: Call that a 185: A harrow. Interviewer: You ever heard it called anything else? 185: No. There's a plow. Interviewer: Plow? 185: Yeah. #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Is there a difference there? # 185: Yeah a a harrow is usually a round disk Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: a round disk affair Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And there's usually um say several of them, say double loads. Interviewer: Yes. 185: A plow is um usually a single piece of metal albeit that goes into the ground to do a furrow with Interviewer: Hmm. 185: But you can have several plow points on a plow which means that you can do um say plow several furrows with a plow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: But um you break ground with a harrow. Interviewer: I see. Are there different kinds of harrows or #1 {X} # 185: #2 Yeah, there's um # a subsoiler which is a sort of a combination plow and harrow and what it does, it goes down about three, three and a half feet into the ground to the sub-soil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um you usually do this break ground in about March. Early March. And the reason you want to get down to the sub-soil and break it up in, especially if you have a field that has clay under there is a heavy soil so that when it rains, your early spring rains come that the rain water will filter down to the sub-soil {NS} so that you'll have that good and wet. So that in um June July when you're not getting the rains that you should be getting and that you need there'll be a moisture supply under your field that your crops can use. Um they don't dry out as badly that way um they're less th-they're less hurt by dry weather. Interviewer: Mm. I see. What about a spring-tooth harrow? You ever heard people talk about that? 185: I've heard my grandfather mention a spring-tooth harrow. Interviewer: Mm, not sure about 185: But I don't, I have no idea what it looks Interviewer: Yeah, I see. Well what about different kinds of plows? Uh you you know any particular terms for them? 185: I don't know any particular terms for them. I know there are different types because I've seen different plow points before. Interviewer: Yeah. Well have you ever heard uh your grandfather talk about uh double shovel or a {D: motor bust} or something like that? 185: No. Interviewer: No. Uh something that you see around uh a lot of uh farms or well carpenters use these things a lot too they're they're really wooden frame bins out of usually kind of shaped like uh you know the letter A and then there's a cross piece join it, those two ends, and you could you know uh #1 {D: lay it} # 185: #2 A sawhorse? # Interviewer: Sawhorse? 185: Is that where you've got like a Interviewer: #1 Just lay something across if you know and cut it all apart # 185: #2 And cut- yeah # Interviewer: #1 you could use 'em you know to make a temporary picnic table, something like that, lay boards across. # 185: #2 Sawhorse. Yeah. Yeah. Mm-hmm a sawhorse. # Interviewer: What about something similar to that? Uh another type of wooden frame except it's shaped in the form of an X, more or less and #1 you might play a log right there in the middle and saw it off that way. Have you ever # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: uh 185: #1 {D: I'm hoping he'll be back no} # Interviewer: #2 You ever seen anything like that? # You ever heard people talk about something like a sawbuck or a anything like that? 185: No. Interviewer: Uh Change the subject a little bit when uh when you get up in the morning and uh you're getting ready getting yourself ready um uh you uh oh things that you might use on your hair. You might comb your hair or 185: Or brush your hair. Interviewer: And that thing itself is called a 185: is a comb or a brush. Interviewer: Or do you remember uh I don't know if you see too many of these around anymore but uh used to when you would go in the barber shop the uh if you were going to get a shave the barber would use a straight razor 185: #1 Yeah. Yeah. No not # Interviewer: #2 on you? I don't know if you ever shaved like that before # 185: not in the face but they usually shave the back of the neck yeah. Interviewer: Well have you ever seen these things that are usually uh uh #1 attached to the end of the chair that they {D: charge} those things on? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} 185: Um it's a leather strap. #1 It's um # Interviewer: #2 Color of the strap? # 185: it's I've forgotten there's a particular name for it and I've forgotten I've forgotten what it is. Interviewer: Hmm. Have you ever heard any other uh #1 any other pronunciation for it? # 185: #2 Straw # Interviewer: Call the leather straw. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you associate that pronunciation with a particular type of person? With somebody uh maybe of a certain age or uh #1 background # 185: #2 Well the person # that I'm most familiar with using is is now dead. Um there's another man whose barbershop who used it Interviewer: Mm. 185: and um I think the man his death was about 65 when he died that age. The other one's about late 50s Interviewer: Mm. Mm. Hey well uh last week you said you {D: did uh some hunting} 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 So you'll probably be familiar with this. # You know those things that you that you uh fire and load in a shotgun 185: #1 Shotgun shells. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You call that a shotgun shell. # 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Well what about the things that # you would use in a in say a pistol or a rifle. What would you call those? 185: Um rifle shells, rifle cart-cartridges, um bullets um pistol cartridges Interviewer: #1 All those terms mean the same thing? # 185: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: They're the same thing 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Talking about some of the some things that that children like to play on, you see 'em in playgrounds uh for example a thing you know, a long uh board that's anchored in the middle and one kid can get on one end and one on the other end 185: A see a see-saw Interviewer: Mm. What would you say they're doing? Uh like so if they're out in the yard 185: On the see-saw? Well one is going up while the other one going down the one that's going down on the other end when you get to the bottom to the ground pushes off Interviewer: Mm. 185: that he goes back up and the other end goes down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: and they just keep repeating this. Interviewer: Mm Any uh you know it's just uh maybe one word, say if I ask where the two kids are uh some said "Oh they're out in the backyard" 185: See-sawing. Interviewer: Or maybe something uh similar to that. Again a long board uh but this time uh anchored at each end and kind of a flexible limber thing so that a a child could jump up and down the middle of it. You ever heard of anything like that? In your part of the country? 185: A board? Interviewer: Mm. 185: No. Interviewer: #1 You ever heard of a diving board or something like that? # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: Or say uh one that's uh again anchored in the middle but rather than going up and down on it like so it it's in 185: #1 A merry-go-round. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Call that a merry-go-round. # Yeah. Have you ever heard anybody call it anything besides that? That'd mean the same thing? 185: I can't think so. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people uh {D: speak about a flying genie} ? 185: No. Interviewer: Haven't heard that said. Or something that that's really common you'd see uh everywhere, these things suspended from the limbs of trees you know by ropes and 185: Swings Interviewer: and that sort of thing. Do you know uh different kinds uh 185: Yeah they're um you can have a tire swing um we've got a tire Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: suspended um you can have a rope swing which is usually well the rope swing that I'm familiar with is um is one that's over a a spring. And um you climb up the tree grab hold of it and go swinging out over the spring Interviewer: Mm. 185: and go dropping in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And this is uh about thirty miles north of Ocilla, up around Bowing's mill off the Ocmulgee River. There's a series of natural springs up there and that's where I'm most familiar with with the rope swing. Interviewer: Mm I see. I wanna ask you about uh a few different uh containers. We were talking about this last time uh, buckets and pails and all that but have you ever heard of uh uh Interviewer 3: wait let's just wait let's Interviewer: Anyway, I wanted to ask you uh about a container that uh I don't know you might have in a in a house where people use uh coals for heat {X} #1 uh # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Have you ever noticed any sort of container uh in which they kept the coal inside? 185: A coal scuff Interviewer: Call that a coal scuff 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is is that the the same thing- well what does that thing look like? #1 uh that you're talking about there # 185: #2 Um # Interviewer: #1 How could you tell me just very roughly how it's shaped uh # 185: #2 It's # {NS} Well it's it's round Interviewer: Mm. 185: and it's got um sort of like a big big lip on it Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 185: #2 Yeah it's # it's like round and yet it goes up and rounds over like that and sort of like comes down like that Interviewer: I see. Do you happen to know if that's uh the same thing that would be used to bring coal in from the coal pile outside or? 185: Probably so but I'm not sure. The coal's {D: puddles} that that I've seen have have no longer been used. Interviewer: I see. Or say if uh a house was using a stove for heat. You know the pipe that goes from the back of the stove you know 185: #1 The stove pipe. # Interviewer: #2 You'd call that # The stove pipe. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Or uh another implement that you don't see around too much anymore uh a farmer say that wanted to uh uh put an edge on their ax might use one of these things to sharpen it somet- it's got a big stone that that turns and some of these things would kind of peddle-operate you know? Like that like they'd chop the ax like so? 185: Yeah I know what you're talking about. I don't know Interviewer: #1 But you don't know what it's called. # 185: #2 I don't know. I don't know what it's called. # Interviewer: You ever heard uh people talk about a grindstone? 185: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: Mm-hmm that's it. Interviewer: Or say one that was you know smaller than that. You really wanted to put a very fine edge on it. You could 185: A whet-rock. Interviewer: Call that a whet-rock. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: People call that a whetstone 185: #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. Whetstone also. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 where you're from? Whetstone? # I see. Interviewer 3: And emery wheels. 185: Yes. An emery wheel. Interviewer 3: Yeah {X} Interviewer: Say if uh if uh your cw- your car started making these squeaking noises. You might drive into a the filling station that's attentive to put it up on the rack and do what to it? 185: Grease it. Interviewer: Grease it. 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And if you've got that stuff all over your hands you'd say the hands were real # 185: Very greasy. Interviewer: Or while you were there at the uh filling station you might ask the attendant to you know take a look under the hood and change the 185: Check the oil. Interviewer: {X} Uh talking about oil and that sort of thing uh before the days we had uh electric lights 185: uh-huh Interviewer: people use these things you know for the light in the house. What uh 185: Kerosene lamps. Interviewer: Kerosene. 185: Um they also used Coleman lantern type things that burned gasoline. Interviewer: Coleman lantern? 185: #1 Yeah. Well # Interviewer: #2 Is that a particular brand name? # 185: it's just a particular brand name now but um I don't know if it was a Coleman then. But um that they also had those. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Ga-gas lamps Interviewer: Mm. 185: that you'd lock on the can gas. Interviewer: Mm. But did they look like uh a kerosene-burning 185: I don't know if I don't know if they looked like a kerosene lamp or not. Interviewer: #1 Mm # 185: #2 Um # I haven't seen these. My mother told me that that's what she and her sister used to study by Interviewer: Mm. 185: because it gave out a good light. A good strong light. Interviewer: I see. Well talking about a kerosene have you ever heard people call that stuff by any other name besides kerosene? 185: Not that I know of. Interviewer: You ever heard people refer to it as coal-oil or? Or say if you wanted if somebody wanted to make uh a a temporary lamp or a makeshift lamp so they've gotta take a bottle and some uh kerosene and use some uh uh rag or a wick? 185: uh-huh Interviewer: #1 Have you ever heard of people doing that or have you ever seen one of those things or heard it called anything? # 185: #2 I've never seen one, no. # Interviewer: Mm. Have you have you ever heard people in your part of the country refer to something like that as a flambeau? 185: Um I know what flambeaus are. They're the little things that the highway department puts out when they have a hole Interviewer: Mm. 185: in the ground Interviewer: Mm. 185: They're also known as smudge pots Interviewer: Smudge pots. 185: Yeah. They've got kerosene in them they're loud and have a wick and little holes around the top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um that's what I've always known as a flambeau Interviewer: I see. Talking about uh cars and care cars just a minute ago you know that inside part of a tire that inflates, you call that the inner 185: The inner tube. Interviewer: Or uh well on the subject of vehicles let me ask you about something having to do with another type of vehicle {D: bail} You just built uh built your own boat and you wanted to check it out, you'd say you would go on down to the water and you know the process of actually putting the boat in the water. You say you're going down there to 185: To launch it. Interviewer: Launch the boat. Er er talking about boats, what uh #1 is there much fi- fishing go-going on in your area? # 185: #2 Yeah, yeah, there's a good bit. # Almost everybody has a farm pond that they keep that they keep fish in or a lot of people go down to the river Interviewer: Mm. 185: and go fishing there. The river's the Alapaha River. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And people go fishing down there. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Um it's got a lot of catfish in it a lot of bream um it's got jack fish um gar and black fish. And jack fish and gar are real bony fish. Um a gar has a very long snout that Interviewer: #1 Yeah {NW} # 185: #2 Sort of like # um sort of like if Interviewer: #1 Does everyone call it gars or- garfish. # 185: #2 Garfish # Interviewer: Is that alligator gar? Ha-have you ever heard that? 185: #1 Yeah. It's probably the same thing as an alligator gar. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: multiple interviewers speaking here} # Are they dangerous? 185: Um not so much dangerous as um I've never heard them being dangerous. I know my father used to go fishing went used to go to the river a lot and they'd usually always catch a gar or a jack fish. Jack fish is very bony. Interviewer: Hmm. 185: And um he never referred to them as being dangerous. Fact the only thing you had to look out for were mo- were um water moccasins. They'd climb up in the trees and um dropping down into your boat. That happened to him one time. They were going under some low-hanging limbs, and he was at the front of the boat, and someone else was at the back this um cottonmouth {NS} just dropped down in the boat. Interviewer: Probably meant to do it. 185: #1 Probably so. I wouldn't doubt it. # Interviewer: #2 I've heard they're very mean. # 185: #1 They are. They are. They're # Interviewer: #2 Very aggressive snakes. # 185: very aggressive snakes. Um we have a lot of snakes at home too. Interviewer: Mm. 185: We have those, we have rattlesnakes um copperheads um we have some pygmy rattlers um which are very which are, as the name implies, very small rattlesnakes. And um Interviewer: Are they uh 185: They're very dangerous. They're very deadly. And um up north of us, up around Bowing's mill and where these natural springs are um they have coral snakes. But we don't have coral snakes at home in Irwin county. Interviewer: You're lucky. 185: Very. Interviewer: #1 Are there any other types of snakes other than rattlesnakes and moccasins and corals and {X} # 185: #2 Oh sure, sure. There's um # There're black snakes um which I guess are indigo snakes. I'm not sure if they're king snakes. Um we've got what's known as a hog-nosed snake we've got rat snakes um these are all non-poisonous th-th-the ones I've listed from black snake on. There um we have green snakes Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are any of them considered um beneficial or 185: Oh yeah, the king snakes are very beneficial. Rat snakes eat rats. Um I think maybe hog-nosed snakes eat eat some no they're too small to eat animals. Interviewer: Mm. M- king snake, I wanted to ask you about that now. Is that is that the snake that's very similar to coral snakes? 185: The king snakes some of them are, yeah. #1 Yeah, red on yellow'll kill a fellow; red on black, friend to Jack. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Red on black- Right. # 185: Um the ones we had at home are black king snakes Interviewer: Mm. 185: They're solid black. Interviewer: Gotcha. 185: Um I've never seen a king snake that was the banded king snake. Interviewer: right 185: The ones we had at home are the black ones. Interviewer: Mm I see. 185: And oh you have to the first response wh- wh- when you see a big black snake is to get out of the way because you don't really you don't really want to spend the time to get down examine Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 185: #2 the head to see if it's um a cottonmouth or not # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. You {X} first # 185: #2 Yeah. Ask questions later. But # cottonmouths I don't like Interviewer: #1 No. # 185: #2 I # Um I had a real bad exper- almost a real bad experience um one time with one. The Boy Scouts own it's a big pond, it's a cypress pond, not too far from the river. And they're just about every kind of poisonous snake out there you'd like to have except except for coral snakes. And the pond is always full of of um moccasins. We'd be swimming at one end and look over there and th- just a little ripple going across the water. Interviewer: {NW} 185: And um periodically we'd like see one coming towards so we'd like get out of the water in a hurry. {NW} But we were going we were walking back across the dam from the other side back to camp and um we saw one swimming toward us. And we figured that he was going to come up on on the bank. So there's a big limb from a pine tree. It was about probably about six inches around in um circumference. And so we picked it up and we were going to to kill the snake when he got up on the shore. Well he saw us stood up in the water opened his mouth and squealed at us. Interviewer: {NW} Squealed at you? 185: Squealed at us. Interviewer: {X} 185: Um Interviewer: #1 I didn't know they could {X} # 185: #2 They do. # They can do that. Um #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: It's high-pitched um worse than a pig than a pig that's squealing. Interviewer: That loud? 185: That loud. Well it seemed that loud. I mean like you're fixing to clobber the snake and like there he is like yelling at you. Interviewer: {NW} 185: And um {NW} but um it's it's I would say it's definitely that loud I had never known that they did that. We got we got home and told daddy that it happened and he said, "Sure. That happened that ha- th-that used to happen to me all the time." And it's happened to my roommate before the roommate I had this year. He's heard they've squealed at him before. {NW} It's {NS} It it's it unnerves you. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: It unnerves you {X} Interviewer: {NW} Battle cry. 185: Yeah. Interviewer 3: #1 {X} water moccasin # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Cottonmouth. 185: uh-huh Interviewer: They strain 'em. Uh oh uh have you ever getting back to king snakes for just a minute #1 have you ever heard any uh- that's a pretty unusual story. {NW} # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard anything unusual about a king snake? uh Something that it did part of its dye that was unusual? 185: Well it eats animals. Interviewer: Mm. 185: It eat it eats other snakes. #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, that's what I had in mind. # 185: Yeah. It eat it eats rattlesnakes. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 185: Oh my brother has a good rabbit- oh I have another good snake story. {NW}yeah My brother was out okay my aunt owns a farm that's not too far from the river the river again being the Alapaha River and Rayonier, which is I-T-T Rayonier the um lumber lumber and paper company owns adjoining land that they grow pine trees on. And my brother was over on crossed over onto Rayonier's land looking for deer tracks he likes to go hunting go deer hunting on my aunt's farm. So that while he was wandering around on Rayonier's land he looked beside him sort of like three feet over and there was a six-foot rattlesnake there not coiled just wandering along. So he had been real dumb this time. He had gone out without his shotgun but he had his pistol with him. So he took his pistol and unloaded the clip into him and and killed him. Well he comes home and brings brings the rattlesnake home with him and wants to get him stuffed. And so he brings him home and um comes and says, "Hey y'all, come outside. I've got something to show you." So we go outside, he opens up the trunk of his car, and there's this rattlesnake stretched out there. And um daddy says, "What'd you bring him home for? You think we want him?" Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 185: #2 And um # He said, "I want to get him stuffed. What can I do about it?" And we have a friend over in Tifton who's a taxidermist. And so we called him up and um he said, "Sure. Bring him on over and I'll see what I can do." And so we took him on over to Tifton that night and we had him stuffed in a coil and um so that he's mounted on this board wrapped up in a coil like like he's fixing to strike. And um he's in my brother's bedroom at home on his dresser top and the well Warren was already in college so we we brought the um snake up to see him. And um we got some in- we put him in the back of the car, on the backseat Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 185: #2 behind # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 185: #2 we both sat in the window # And we got some interesting looks #1 Now people would ask us # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: #1 And what was really great was when we stopped # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: at a gas station to get gas. Interviewer: {D: Yeah that snake'll have responsibility} {NW} 185: I'm thinking of bringing him up. I told my roommate about him and we-we think that'd be a handy edition to our room. Interviewer: {NW} Getting back to fish for just a minute, you mentioned um uh #1 bream, and catfish, and gar. Anything besides that just common around here? # 185: #2 Yeah um # They have bass which we call trout. Large-mouth bass. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And there're also warmouth at home. A warmouth is um sort of like a bream but is meatier and has a real big mouth on him. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Almost not quite as big as a large-mouth bass. Interviewer: Mm. {X} Any uh uh uh you don't happen to have anything like a carp or that sort of thing? 185: No. Interviewer: Trout {X} Have you ever heard of the type of fish uh the freshwater fish uh uh called the shell-cracker? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Have heard that, you have heard that. # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Is that the type of uh 185: Um it's more a type of white perch. Interviewer: White perch? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Um shell-crackers um I'm most familiar with reading about them over at um Lake George. {D: Lake Walker George} Interviewer: Mm. 185: Um and I asked daddy if we had shell-crackers. He said he said, "Sure." Interviewer: Mm. 185: And I think we we we call them white perch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. {D: But to catch them.} 185: Yeah, they are. Um They usually run best unfortunately in February Interviewer: Yeah. 185: so it's usually about thirty-five degrees outside with about a thirty-mile-an-hour wind blowing Interviewer: You got to be a dedicated shell {X} 185: Right. Interviewer: Shell-coo- shell-cracker. {NS} Well uh hitting on something else uh have you say if uh if a woman wanted to buy some materials, like she was making a dress? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh wanted to go downtown to to get some material for it. She might take a little square {NS} piece of uh cloth along with her you know to make sure she had the right color 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and all that sort of thing. Have you ever heard that called anything? 185: It'd be a swatch. Interviewer: Call that a swatch. 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Any other names that you might've uh # 185: A scrap. Interviewer: Scrap? 185: Yeah but u-usually a scrap is what is left over. Interviewer: Yeah. I-I've heard many people just call it a sample. 185: Yeah, a fabric sample. Interviewer: Uh Gonna ask you about a #1 particular adjective. Say for example, a woman was window-shopping and she saw a dress that really # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: appealed to her uh that's very attractive she might say, for example, "My goodness that sure is a..." "...dress" 185: A good-looking dress. Interviewer: Good-looking dress. All right, so very {NS} 185: Attractive, I guess. Interviewer: Mm. More uh oh uh something else that you could say, another another adjective uh that's uh you were looking at a at a at a painting. "That's a that's a very ... picture" 185: Pleasing? Interviewer: Pleasing. Or uh or maybe a girl you know that's just good-looking, you know? "Boy, she sure is..." 185: Good-looking. {NW} Interviewer: How about uh uh uh uh What about pretty? #1 {NW} # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay The {D: that I think it} What about the the comparative form of it? Say if you were looking at two: "Well that material's pretty, but this one's even..." 185: Prettier. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the superlative 185: is prettiest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say uh talking about cloth things to wear, that type of thing. If you were working, like a woman were working in the kitchen, something that she might tie around her waist keep her dress from getting 185: An apron. Interviewer: Or this thing that I'm writing here that uses ink you call that a 185: It's an ink pen. Interviewer: Mm. And the thing that you would use to keep uh a baby's used to uh, keep a baby's diaper you know 185: A diap- oh a safety pin. Interviewer: And uh you would say that uh a dime is worth how many cents? 185: Ten. Interviewer: Mm. And uh metal you know some of these old houses you see out in the country have metal roofs 185: Tin. Interviewer: Tin roof. Again, talking going back to clothing for a minute What would you say that a that a man's three-piece suit consists of? 185: Consists of pants, a vest, and a jacket. Interviewer: Mm. #1 You ever heard a man call a jacket anything else? # 185: #2 It's a sport coat. # Interviewer: #1 Sport coat? # 185: #2 But # sport coat would not be part of a three-piece suit. Interviewer: Mm, Mm, Mm Or you mentioned uh the pants. What about a-another name 185: trousers Interviewer: Trousers. You have a these things that uh that farmers uh like to wear, for the most part nowadays you know you see them around schools a lot with the 185: Overalls. Interviewer: Do you happen to know whether those things uh the one that farmers used to wear #1 way back when, {NS} whether those were bought at the store or gonna be made? # 185: #2 They were bought. They were bought. # Interviewer: #1 They were bought. # 185: #2 And they may have been made but # #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 185: #1 I've always known them as being as being purchased at a store # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # Mm. I see. Er another expression, say for example uh there was there was something on the other side of the room that you wanted uh you might uh tell me fir- if you wanted uh me you know. To get it for you might say, "Would you please ... me that?" 185: Bring me that. Or get me that. Interviewer: {X} You mentioned "brang" the uh the past form of that yesterday I 185: I brought you Interviewer: Mm-hmm and I have 185: I have brought you Interviewer: Again talking about clothes, the clothes that that you wear, do you um have any any trouble getting the right size, or can you just get them right off the rack usually? 185: Usually I don't have any trouble. Interviewer: Mm. {X} Do you want to say something else? 185: Um sometimes I have trouble getting blue jeans at home. Interviewer: Mm. 185: They won't be long enough. Interviewer: Mm. I see. We're we're talking about that sort of thing, say for example if you were uh getting out some clothes that you had {X} uh to try them on. You might say something like well "Well, that coat won't fit this year, but last year it perfectly." 185: It fit perfectly. Interviewer: Or say for example if uh your your your clothes, you know that you that you wear to church or Sunday school. Is there by the way is there usually uh uh a particular uh set of clothes that people set aside for going to church, they don't wear for any other occasion? 185: Not necessarily that you don't wear for any other occasion it's Interviewer: Mm. 185: it's what you wear for special occasions like men um business men though who have suits may wear a suit to church that they wear to work. Um the same with with some women who work in offices. Interviewer: Hmm. 185: Um people who work on the farm have have their Sunday clothes Interviewer: Mm. 185: and they wear them to church on Sunday to funerals that sort of thing. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Um it's the it's the it's the clothes they wear when they have to dress up. Interviewer: Mm. I see. Or say if uh the suit that you that you wear uh for special occasions it's getting a little old. You might say that you need to go to town uh to buy yourself a 185: A new suit. Interviewer: {X} Sometimes uh you know when you see uh little boys I don't know at a certain age they they tend to everything they see they pick up #1 and they put them in their pockets you know until their # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 pocket's been filled. # 185: #2 Yeah. # And they'll bulge. Interviewer: Or again talking about clothes, say if you put a uh a shirt if you're washing a shirt #1 and you happen to use water that's a little bit too hot for it. # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And it uh you know, got smaller. #1 You you'd say that shirt is what? # 185: #2 It shrank. # Interviewer: Mm. {D: Or it's uh} uh uh you might say that uh it seems that every one I've washed has 185: Has shrunk. Interviewer: {X} This shirt might if I put it in there 185: It might shrink. Interviewer: Say uh moving onto another topic uh you know when a when a girl is getting ready to go out on a date she might spend a lot of time you know in in front of the mirror. What would you say she's doing? 185: She's primping. Interviewer: Primping? Well if a if a if a boy were doing the same thing #1 what would you say that he's doing? He's primping too. # 185: #2 He's primping. # Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Or talking about girls you know the things that they carry around all their odds and ends #1 in # 185: #2 Their purse? # Interviewer: #1 {D: they're called} # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything? 185: a handbag Interviewer: In the same thing? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: 'Cause sometimes inside those they'll have something that uh they might keep a uh change, coins in something with a little clamp, you know on top? 185: Yeah they can have a coin purse or a wallet. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever seen men use those things? Uh something 185: A coin purse? Yeah. Usually older men.Mm. Interviewer: Still see them round? 185: Yeah there're a few that still have them and um some of them zip. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 185: uh-huh Interviewer: Or say uh talking about things that you wear, these things that that women or girls like to uh wear around their their wrists, you know 185: Bracelets? Interviewer: Mm. #1 Or or the things they might wear around their neck? # 185: #2 A necklace. # Interviewer: Or uh you know talking about clothing you don't see too terribly many of these anymore but uh used to. #1 Men would wear these to keep help keep their pants up, you know they'd g- yeah. # 185: #2 Suspenders. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard those called anything besides that? 185: Galluses. Interviewer: Galluses? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that uh would that be would strike you as an older word or what? 185: Yeah yeah galluses is is an older word. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 185: #2 I # I usually think of galluses with Gene Talmadge. Interviewer: {NW} Is that a 185: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. Or say that this thing that you would take with you uh if it were raining you know it would keep the rain off of you. You'd call that a 185: An umbrella. Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything besides that? {NS} Or have you ever ever heard uh sometimes people distinguish between that and something that they might use just to keep the sun off. 185: a parasol? Interviewer: Yeah. Are are they synonymous to you? 185: Um they're not synonymous um I've seen people use them both as parasols. Interviewer: #1 What's the difference between them? # 185: #2 Between an # umbrella and a parasol? An umbrella is used to keep the rain off. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: A parasol you'd think of this dainty little thing lacy and flowery that a woman used to use Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: to keep the sun off. Well not really to keep the sun off I guess so, but sort of like as an a it's like an accessory Interviewer: Yeah right right. 185: for her for her outfit. Interviewer: I see. Wouldn't be like that if a good thunderstorm came up? 185: I wouldn't think so. No it's usually wasn't usually was scarcely big enough to cover your head. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh say uh uh going onto something else in a minute though when you're making up your bed, the last thing that goes on. You call that the 185: The bedspread. Interviewer: Bedspread. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Ever heard uh anything besides that? Uh maybe an older term, something that your grandmother might've said? 185: Coverlet? Interviewer: Coverlet? 185: Um I've heard that term, I'm familiar with it, but um it's not used very often. Interviewer: Hmm. #1 Do you think it's pretty much the same thing as # 185: #2 It's # yeah it's pretty much the same thing as a bedspread. Interviewer: Have you ever heard uh about something about you talked about the counter pins? 185: The what? Interviewer: Counter pins? 185: No. Interviewer: And #1 again talking about what goes on your bed, the thing that you rest your head on {X} # 185: #2 Is a pillow. # Interviewer: Have you ever seen something uh like a pillow but uh a bit a bit larger it might've I don't know if they functional or not whether you actually use them in your sleeping or just might be put on a bed for looks #1 Kind of like a pillow but- A bowl. # 185: #2 A bowl strip? # Yeah. Interviewer: Do you do you still see are those pretty common still or? 185: Um yeah on a daybed type affair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, I see. What about this expression? You might say you were particularly uh long bowls you might say well it doesn't just go part-way across the bed, it goes 185: All the way. Interviewer: Or talking about things on your bed again. Something a particularly heavy covering that you might use in cold weather people used to get together you know and {X} yeah. 185: A quilt. Interviewer: Yeah. And have you do people still 185: Do quilting? Yeah. um Not I don't think they get together and and make quilts um the people that {NS} Interviewer: We were talking about quilts when we stopped. Is there any particular name that uh for the the activity when a lot of women get together and do that? They say they're having a 185: Um I've heard ru- I've read about quilting bees. I've never heard of any at home. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. Uh you know say if uh a family was having some some company over the weekend. There was some children along uh ever heard any of anything that you could put down on the floor 185: A pallet. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Slept on one? 185: I've never slept on one. My parents have slept on them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. W-what was it? Just uh uh 185: Um us- um {NW} straw cornshucks, sometimes a thin mattress. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. There's some things about uh the land in general that I want to ask you about. I remember last time you uh mentioned something about bottom land. #1 Uh # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Say uh a piece of land, low-lying land, that uh just uh grew grass or hay something like that on it. What would you call what would you call something like that? You'd say that was a 185: A pasture. Interviewer: Just a pasture? 185: A low-lying land that #1 grew nothing but # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Grass. # 185: grass or hay? Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Probably just a pasture. Interviewer: You ever hear people in your part of the country ever use the word meadow very much? 185: No. Interviewer: And last time you also mentioned land that was swampy or marshy land uh what uh is there a difference there? 185: Um A li- yeah. A swamp is um usually standing water. And um marshy I usually think of as being low land, very wet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: um standing water where when it's rained a lot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Um but not permanent standing water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard uh one of those terms used refer to a a place along the uh the ocean 185: #1 Yeah. A marsh? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. Like grass growing in it? #1 That sort of thing? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about uh since you have some experience on a farm Do farmers use uh different terms when they're referring to different types of soil as to whether it's very good for growing or just about won't grow anything at all? 185: Yeah they use different types of terms but I'm not I'm not real familiar with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard uh oh something like loam? #1 refer to # 185: #2 Yeah. # Loam sandy loam um the field that's a heavy field Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: is uh heavy soil has a lot of clay in it clay under it. Interviewer: What sort of soil would loam be considered to be? Is it good or 185: Loam is very good. It's um it doesn't clog together. Like when you plow it you um it breaks well. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: When you plow it it turns over well. It um When it's wet {NS} um it's not like sand that it dries out immediately. It holds the water for a while but not like clay Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: which when it gets very wet is wet for a very long time Interviewer: Mm. 185: and then and then packs. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever uh run into the terms of buckshot or gumbo referring #1 to types of # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: soil? Or say if if you had a a piece of of land that had a lot of water on it and you wanted to put it to cultivation uh you know the process of getting the water off of it, you'd say they were 185: You'd have to drain it. Interviewer: Drain it. Hmm. And when you were doing that, you know, the things that you that you dig to carry the #1 water off? # 185: #2 The ditch. # Interviewer: You call those 185: A ditch. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh well talking about water a-and that sort of ting what about uh uh streams around Ocilla? Uh do you have uh do they have different names? Uh 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Are they # pretty uh prevalent around there? 185: Yeah there are a lot of creeks around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And they're usually all named. Interviewer: mm-hmm 185: #1 Creeks and branches. # Interviewer: #2 Do you remember # Do you remember some well creeks and branches. Is there a difference there? 185: Yeah a branch usually runs into a into a creek and it's smaller than a creek. Interviewer: I see. Well is there anything smaller than a branch or is that as s-small as it goes? {NS} 185: Um That's about as small as it goes as far as I know. Interviewer: I see. Uh Anything intermediate in size between a branch and a creek or is the creek the next largest as far as you know? 185: Creek as far as I know is the next largest. Interviewer: And when it gets bigger than that 185: It flows into a river. Interviewer: Mm I see. You mentioned can you recall right off the top of your head any uh uh particular names of those creeks? #1 Could you list # 185: #2 Yeah. # There's um Reedy Creek there's um Jack Creek um Brushy Creek um Coochee Creek um which is Willacoochee and Withlacoochee. It's spelled both ways. um There's um those are the ones that I'm most familiar with. There're some rivers there's the Alapaha River and there's the Satilla River Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: that are in the county. There're a lot more Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: creeks that are in the county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: But I'm just not familiar with their names. Interviewer: Well I don't know if you've been around the ocean very much, but do you have any idea what you would call say uh a little word that flows in and out with the tide? 185: That'd be an estuary. Interviewer: An estuary. Heard that called a say a a slough or a bayou? 185: Um that's bayou is Louisiana term. Um I've heard of slough. I've never heard it referred to as a slough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Well say uh sometimes out in the woods you run across a place that might be have been uh cut out by water flowing along, say about you know ten feet across, ten feet deep. #1 Something like # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: that. What would you call a a place like that? 185: That had been cut out by water? Interviewer: Yeah, by water flowing along you know by the erosion. Or you you were mentioning a a minute ago a rope swing. You might have ha- that'd be #1 a good place to # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer 3: have one of those things. 185: #1 If it if if # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: If it were deep, yeah #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: #1 so I think you # Interviewer: #2 you could # say you were swinging across the what? The uh Any particular name that you would use #1 to describe that? # 185: #2 I can't think of any # particular name. Interviewer: Mm. 185: It'd just be the um it'd be the run of whatever it #1 was. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Well let me ask you this. Say uh a place like that uh that's been cut out by very heavy rainfall. #1 You m- # 185: #2 A gully. # Interviewer: #1 Call that a gully. # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Yeah. I see. Would it be possible to call the the place the the other place #1 same thing? # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # I would think it would be. Interviewer: Yeah. What about the the term ravine? Is that used very much around #1 your part of the country? # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: Do you have any uh conception of what #1 a ravine is? # 185: #2 Of what a ravine is? # Yes. {NW} #1 um # Interviewer: #2 uh # 185: Okay it's usually very deep. Um Um often cut out by running water usually cut out by running water. um I think of a ravine more like um Providence Canyons over around Columbus Interviewer: Mm. 185: which is very very deep. Um but as far as ravine being used at home, no. Interviewer: Mm. I see. One other thing uh I wanted to ask you about in connection creeks and streams, rivers that sort of thing over in your part of the country, have you ever heard anybody use the word {D: hoobie} {C: hubi} to refer to uh some uh {D: water form uh} 185: No. {NS} Interviewer: Uh {NS} Well talking about the land, say if a a small elevation in the land, say you were going up uh you know a slight incline, you were going up a little 185: Hill. Interviewer: Call that a hill. Or uh have you ever heard that called anything besides a hill or just in general? 185: No. Interviewer: {X} Well say that thing that you turn when you walk to open the door, you call that a 185: That's a doorknob. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard that word used to uh in meaning the hill? Call that a knob? 185: No. Interviewer: Okay then. Or say when you know it gets very much bigger than a hill, the most tremendous thing, you call that a #1 regular # 185: #2 That's # a mountain. Interviewer: Yeah. Or talking about uh mountains do have you ever heard any particular term for the very you know the rocky uh uh steep side of a mountain? #1 That drops off the edge # 185: #2 The face of a mountain. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm that drops over very sharply sharply Uh If you go much further you're gonna drop over the 185: Over the side. Interviewer: #1 The side? # 185: #2 Over the # edge. Interviewer: What about a cliff? 185: No. Interviewer: Not familiar with that. Or say uh a place in the mountains, maybe a low place uh where a road might go across. Uh #1 that called anything? # 185: #2 A pass. # Interviewer: You call that a pass? 185: Where it goes like between two mountains? Interviewer: Yeah. 185: The low place with the road going through? Yeah, that'd be a pass. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard the word uh well this has nothing to do with but sometimes you know when uh when uh hunters kill game every time they do it they make a little in the handle of their gun? 185: A notch. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard that word used in conjunction with mountains? 185: No. Interviewer: Or say uh a place in the mountains where uh water uh uh drops a long distance, you call that a 185: That's a waterfall. Interviewer: Uh uh this has nothing to do with mountains but the place oh uh where where boats unload their freight, they unload it onto the 185: Dock. {NS} Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything #1 else? # 185: #2 A wharf. # Interviewer: Wharf? Same thing? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about uh uh pier? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Does that mean the same thing? 185: Um #1 Basically. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Basically? # In uh in Irwin county, is there uh do you have a very good road system there or #1 or # 185: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: What are what are most of your roads 185: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 made # of? What are they like? 185: Well um there's still some dirt roads Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: um they get very muddy when it's rain, there's still some that are that are clay roads Interviewer: Mm. 185: and become virtually impassable. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Um the paved roads there are two kinds. There are regular asphalt roads and then um there are kin- there're what we refer to as gravel roads. Interviewer: Mm. 185: They're tar and gravel. Interviewer: Mm 185: And um those are the two types of paved roads. Interviewer: Mm I see. Well do you have have have any roads uh uh this white 185: #1 Concrete? No. # Interviewer: #2 Kind of yeah concrete roads? # Interviewer 3: Don't have anything like that. Interviewer: Mm. I see. Well say if you were uh right now in the country uh on the main roads uh uh and a little road goes off the main road. What would you call #1 that? # 185: #2 A side # #1 road. # Interviewer: #2 You'd call # Interviewer 3: that a side road. 185: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Or say uh a road that uh goes off the main road up to a farmer's house. What would you call something like that? 185: It goes from the #1 road to his house? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. It goes up to # his house. 185: But no further. Interviewer: Mm 185: Okay that'd be his um that'd be his lane. Interviewer: His lane. I see. Or say on a farm especially sometimes when the cows uh come come in from the pasture, they'll follow pretty much the same route. 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: They'll wear a place out. 185: #1 That's a cow path. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Call that a cow path. 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Or talking about roads and and that sort of thing uh uh the place in town you know where where people walk alongside the street you call that 185: A sidewalk. Interviewer: In in residential areas in Ocilla is there do you ever see some some grass between the street and the sidewalk? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever do you recall ever having heard that uh called anything particular? 185: No. Interviewer: I I don't know where I picked it up but uh I I can always remember uh calling that the tree lawn. and have you ever heard of that term? 185: No. Interviewer: It's very rare we that we find somebody who knows what I'm talking about. You know the tree lawn. {NS} {NW} Um {NS} going onto something else say want to ask you this expression uh {NS} if you were walking along in the country and you were passing a farmer's cornfield uh and you saw some crows in there getting after his #1 corn # 185: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: You wanted to do something about it you might reach down and pick up a 185: #1 A rock. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm and # 185: And throw it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever heard that instead of throwing it people say something else to mean the same thing? You throw it at them? 185: No. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever # 185: #2 um # Go hit it. Interviewer: Heard anybody say chuck at them? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Or chuck me that? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you associate that with an older person or do they {X} {NS} 185: I would say an older person. Interviewer: Mm Be more likely to say chuck it in? 185: I think so. Interviewer: Say uh the the place you live you call that your 185: It's my house. Interviewer: Mm Or 185: Home. Interviewer: Home hmm. Or you might say to somebody who's visiting you, "Why don't you sit down and make yourself" 185: At home. {NS} Interviewer: This uh this beverage that a lot of people drink uh early in the day for breakfast 185: #1 Coffee. # Interviewer: #2 uh # #1 You drink coffee? # 185: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: How do you like yours? 185: Um with cream. Interviewer: Hmm. 185: Sometimes with sugar. Interviewer: If you wanted if you were ordering it, if you wanted milk in it, you'd say you drank your coffee 185: With cream. Interviewer: Or if you used that word milk you'd say you drank your coffee 185: With milk. Interviewer: Mm Well what about the opposite of that? You'd say I like my coffee 185: Plain or black. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Can you use that word uh a form of that word 'with' in combination with another word to mean the same thing? No milk, I'd like my coffee 185: Black. Interviewer: With? 185: Oh with sugar. Interviewer: Mm-mm. 185: What? Interviewer: No milk in it at all. It would not be with milk it would be with 185: Without. Interviewer: Mm Coffee like that, with nothing in it have you ever heard that referred to as anything uh 185: As black #1 coffee. # Interviewer: #2 Black coffee? # 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Anything besides black? 185: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: You ever heard somebody order it straight? 185: Mm I've heard it referred to as as straight. Interviewer: Mm 185: But never anyone order it. Interviewer: I see. What about barefooted? 185: No. {NW} Interviewer: Now say uh another expression. If you uh happen to meet somebody uh that you knew someone you really weren't looking for him you might say, well I wasn't looking for so-and-so. I just sort of ran 185: Ran into them. Interviewer: Mm {NS} Or say another expression. If a if a child has been uh given the same name that his father has you say that they've named the child 185: Junior. Interviewer: Or Is there any other way of saying that besides he's a junior? They named the child #1 his fa- # 185: #2 Little # so-and-so. Interviewer: {NW} Little so-and-so? 185: Yeah well like say his father's named John and they call him Little John John Junior Interviewer: Yeah. What about this? You we're just going to fill this in uh they named the child his father. 185: After. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} Interviewer 2: B-Barb Rutledge had a good solution to that and that was by using a girl and say they named the girl her mother. And they wouldn't say they named the girl they wouldn't name her junior, you see? {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewer 2: By the way while I {X} Interviewer: I want to ask you a few things about animals just uh you know this animal that barks you call it a 185: It's a #1 Dog. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Uh Say if uh you wanted {NS} you wanted your dog to get after another dog, what would you say to it? 185: Get him. Interviewer: Get him? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: And if you wanted if you wanted him to to cease hostilities you'd say 185: Stop. Interviewer: Stop. And if you wanted him to to come to you 185: You'd say come here. Interviewer: What about a dog that's uh you know he's not a not a pure breed you'd call him a, he's just an old 185: Mutt. Interviewer: That's a mutt? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Anything you've ever heard besides that? Mutt or uh 185: Cur. Interviewer: Cur dog? 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # What about uh mongrel? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Will that do? 185: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Mean the same thing? # What about these little small dogs you know that like to nip at your heels and are always bouncing around, make you nervous 185: #1 Chihuahua? # Interviewer: #2 You ever heard any # Yeah, yeah. #1 That's that's a particular breed, right? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: You ever heard any any general term that people might use to apply to any sort of dog like that you know regardless of whether it's, you wouldn't say specifically chihuahua or whatever. That's just a little not familiar with that? You ever heard people uh use the word feist that way? That's just a little feist dog, you know, a chi-chihuahua? 185: Yeah. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Or talking about dogs if you were warning somebody about 185: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 a # particularly vicious dog you might you'd say to me better, you better watch him he might 185: He might bite you. Interviewer: 'Cause yesterday he 185: He bit. Interviewer: And he's 185: He has bitten. Interviewer: Yeah. Farm animals. Far-farm animals. Say uh uh the male animal in a herd of uh cattle, you'd call #1 him the # 185: #2 That's # the bull. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever heard any say according to the situation I don't know about nowadays but but used to do you have any idea say if you were in mixed company if there were women present and that subject came up whether you might've used some other word besides that in referring to the animal? #1 {X} # 185: #2 Besides # a bull? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of that 185: I've never heard of it no. Interviewer: You ever heard any sp- farmers use uh special words for that? Any special terms for a bull that a farmer might be more likely to use? Just #1 Just bull. # 185: #2 Just bull. # Interviewer: Yeah. I see. Um uh and again long time but you don't see this much anymore but farmers used to plow with animals. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The uh the animals that that they use you'd call they were usually 185: Mules {C: NS} Interviewer: Anything besides that that might have been used oh long time ago that kind of resembled #1 bulls? # 185: #2 Oxen. # Interviewer: Just oxen. 185: They may have used oxen at home. I don't know that they did. Interviewer: What would you call a mule say if you had uh two of them together, you'd say you were plowing with a 185: A pair. Interviewer: Pair of mules. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what about the oxen? Would you say the same thing? You were plowing with a 185: Probably a pair. Interviewer: Pair of oxen. Have you ever heard people uh say something like a yoke of oxen or #1 something like that. Yup. # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: And again talking about cattle uh you call a little one that would be a 185: A calf. Interviewer: Or say if if you had a cow by the name of Daisy 185: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 and # Daisy was uh was uh expecting a calf you'd say that Daisy's going to 185: Going to give birth. Interviewer: Mm 185: Or going to calve. Interviewer: Going to calve. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. Or have you ever heard uh something like uh uh she's going to uh freshen or come fresh to mean that? 185: No. Interviewer: Never heard that. Uh the animal that uh uh well you were you mentioned uh uh well I don't know if you did or not that the animal that uh you know at the Kentucky Derby they race. 185: A horse. Interviewer: Hmm and the plural of that is 185: #1 Horses. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What do you call the male horse? 185: He's a stallion. Interviewer: Ever heard him called anything besides stallion? 185: A stud. Interviewer: Stud. Hmm. Now what about that word if it uh came up in mixed company uh would anything be likely to be substituted or do you just go ahead and say stud? 185: I don't know. Interviewer: What about uh I'll ask you about the male horse. What about the female? 185: The female's a mare. Interviewer: Oh a mare. {X} 185: Or a filly. Interviewer: Mean the same thing? 185: Um filly is younger than a mare. I think a mare is after she's been bred. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Say what do you say you do you you get on a horse and you begin to 185: To ride. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the past of that, yesterday I 185: Rode. Interviewer: And I have 185: Ridden. Interviewer: Uh Or somebody who couldn't stay on the horse, you'd say that he fell 185: He fell off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or say if a if a child woke up in the morning, he was there on the floor beside his bed, he might say to himself, well goodness during the night I must have 185: Rolled off. Interviewer: And again getting back to uh uh horses the things on the bottom of their feet that you know protect them, you call #1 those # 185: #2 The shoes. # #1 Horseshoes. # Interviewer: #2 Shoes. # Interviewer 3: Horseshoes. You ever heard of uh of people playing a game Interviewer: #1 with those things? # 185: #2 Mm-hmm # Horseshoes. Interviewer: #1 That's called horseshoes? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: You say what do you say you're doing there? 185: You're pitching. Interviewer: Pitching horseshoes. #1 {X} # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah. I'm not too good at it. Interviewer: Yeah, I mean Well what talking about horseshoes what about the you know the the horse's feet in and of themselves. What do you call those that are protected by the horseshoe? 185: Hooves. Interviewer: The hooves. And just one would be a 185: A hoof. Interviewer: Uh what about uh uh I don't know if you had these animals or not in uh your part of the country. Were were there ever any sheep raised? 185: Yeah. Yeah. They're not anymore but um up around say forty, fifty years ago they were quite common. #1 Quite common. # Interviewer: #2 Mm # Do you happen to remember what the male sheep was called? 185: He's a ram. Interviewer: A ram. And the female? 185: Is a ewe. Interviewer: What what what what do people raise sh- sheep for? 185: #1 For the wool. # Interviewer: #2 Wool. # 185: For the wool and the meat. Interviewer: And the meat. Oh I see. Well uh You t- you mentioned last time we were talking about hogs, hog pens, that kind of thing. Uh what about the male hog? 185: #1 He's a boar # Interviewer: #2 {X} # He's called a boar. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And we'll say a little one. That'll be a 185: A piglet. Interviewer: Piglet. 185: Or a shoat which is older. Interviewer: Is is a little bit #1 older. # 185: #2 Is a little # bit older a little bit bigger. Interviewer: I see, I see. And uh say a a hog that's been altered. You would call him a 185: A barrow. Interviewer: A barrow. And uh uh you know these things that uh these stiff hairs on a hog's back. Can you 185: Bristles? Interviewer: Those are the bristles. And some of them have these long 185: Have tusks. Interviewer: Tusks. Yeah. Have you ever heard of, in your part of the country, of uh a hog that uh grew up wild? Were there any particular names for 185: Wild boars. Interviewer: Those are wild #1 boars. # 185: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: Have were they ever called anything besides that? 185: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Just wild boars? Ever heard of a razorback? 185: I've heard of it. Interviewer: #1 Mm # 185: #2 But # not at home. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. And when you were if you were feeding your hogs you know the things that you would pour the feed into you'd call that a 185: That's a trough. Interviewer: Mm And the plural is 185: Troughs. Interviewer: I mentioned a minute ago when I when you uh when you told well te- tell me about uh a barrow uh that had been altered 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What do you say has been done to the hog? Uh altered or it's been 185: He's been castrated. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of any other term besides that #1 or # 185: #2 Cut. # Interviewer: Hmm. Would somebody be more likely to say cut uh 185: Probably in female company. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. I see. # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: What would a farmer be likely to say? Does he usually maybe your grandfather 185: Um usually it's pretty often referred to as cutting #1 hogs. # Interviewer: #2 Cutting hogs? # 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. What about the you know the noise that uh that a cat makes when it's being weaned? How would you describe that? You'd say listen to that cat 185: I've never heard the noise that a cat makes. Interviewer: Well have you ever heard people say something like he's a a bellowing, a bawling #1 something like # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: that? Which one? 185: Um both. Interviewer: Both bellow or bawl? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Or say a c- uh cows when it's uh when it's uh feeding or maybe a a cow that wants to be milked. #1 How would you # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: describe the sound that it was making? Have any idea? 185: Not really but it's it's pretty much the same thing as a bellow and a bawl. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do people around Ocilla ever say uh listen to that cow low or listen to that cow moo something like that? 185: Yeah. But they do that whether they're milking or not. Interviewer: Mm Well talking about noises that these animals make, what about the noise uh made by a horse? You would describe that 185: A neigh or #1 whinny. # Interviewer: #2 A neigh. # 185: mm-hmm. Interviewer: You ever heard people who say uh uh uh nicker? 185: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 or nicker? # Say uh if you had a a just a general term that you would use in referring to animals like you know hens and geese and and guineas uh that sort of thing 185: Fowl. Interviewer: You call it fowl. #1 Collectively, yeah. # 185: #2 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Well talking about fowl, what about a a hen that's uh that's on a nest of eggs? You'd call that a 185: She's a setting #1 hen. # Interviewer: #2 Setting # hen. Yeah. And talking about hens this thing that that farmers use to send their hens in market 185: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 to market in # you'd call that a 185: That's a crate. Interviewer: A crate. You ever heard it called anything besides that? A little chicken 185: Maybe a chicken box. #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # mm. Well what about would you have a shelter #1 outside uh back where the # 185: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 What would you call something # 185: #2 Yeah, that's the chicken coop. # Interviewer: Chicken coop. Have you ever heard that word coop used in referring to what I was describing? A little what you called uh #1 a box or a crate # 185: #2 A box? # Interviewer: #1 Call that # 185: #2 I don't think so # Interviewer: mm I see. 185: I've never heard of it. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. Well talking about chickens you know when you fry chicken #1 especially # 185: #2 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: there's usually one piece that uh that the children like to get a hold of you know so they can #1 {X} # 185: #2 The wishbone # Interviewer: Yeah, wishbone. Heard that called anything 185: Pulley bone. Interviewer: Yeah. What is what is the story behind that? Uh what is uh 185: Okay um you're suppose okay like you're supposed to make a wish. Both of you make a wish. And you pull and the person who gets the big piece I think his wish comes #1 true. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 185: Or I may have it backward. I don't know. Interviewer: Well we began at three. 185: #1 It it's it's been a long time since since we've done this. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. # 185: But I I think it's the big piece that that one's wish comes true. Interviewer: I see. You don't happen to recall whether there were any particular names for the long piece and the short piece do you? 185: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Well talking about meats uh I mentioned it in uh you know different cuts of meats uh names with stuff like that Have you ever heard any general or comprehensive term used in referring to the the inside parts of a hog that you could eat, you know, that you might not normally eat like the the heart, the the gizzard 185: The lights? Interviewer: Call that the lights? 185: Maybe so yeah. Interviewer: The light y- you've heard that used as kind of a comprehensive term #1 like we're talking about? # 185: #2 I think so yeah. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard people refer to uh say the liver and lights? 185: Yeah. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # I see. I see. What about the word haslet? Have you ever #1 Ever heard that? # 185: #2 Never heard that. # Interviewer: Okay. Or say uh you know when you when you slaughter a hog uh used to I don't know what they do nowadays but you could take the intestines, you know, clean them out 185: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 use them for for # casings 185: For sausage. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Still do it. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard of people taking those intestines you know and just cooking them? #1 Innards # 185: #2 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 185: #2 mm-hmm. # The chitlins. Interviewer: Call that chitlin. #1 They were heavy? # 185: #2 They smell. No. # Interviewer: Yeah. 185: No. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 185: #2 um # You have to boil 'em before you fry 'em and um the best thing to do is to get your wash pot and go out where somewhere where you don't as far away from the house as possible and start boiling. Interviewer: That's right. Ah it's a delightful aroma, isn't it? 185: I I've never smelled it. Interviewer: #1 Oh you haven't? # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: Drive you straight out of the house. 185: Um my my grandparents never never cooked chitlins #1 and um # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 185: my mother never would let my father my father never particularly cared to. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: And I'd one of us would ask about it and daddy would make some sort of half-hearted effort, well maybe we'll do it some time momma would say no. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah Yeah I've had that stuff before it's it's a good idea you know like you said to remove 'em as far #1 removed as # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: possible because {NS} think about the odor and what you're eating {D: that comes off} {NS} What about uh say on a farm if you heard your your animals begin to carry on say you your horses and your cows they're getting hungry. You might've said, well didn't know it was so late it's #1 right about # 185: #2 It's feeding time. # Interviewer: Say uh since you've had experience on a farm this should be no problem but uh late in the day, you wanted to get your your cows to come up from the pasture. #1 mm-hmm # 185: #2 Park it out there # Interviewer: and call to 'em. What would he say, do you remember? How would how he'd called his cows to get them to come up? from the pasture? 185: I don't know. Interviewer: Not sure about #1 that? # 185: #2 No # my grandfather didn't have that many #1 cattle. We usually le- he usually left them down in the pasture. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Hmm. # 185: We usually le- we usually left them down in the #1 pasture. # Interviewer: #2 mm # Have you ever heard farmers uh around Ocilla say something like {D: soup cow}? Something like that? #1 Do you know what I'm saying? # 185: #2 I've heard 'em say # soupy Interviewer: soup 185: soupy Interviewer: soupy 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Get them to come in #1 like that? # 185: #2 Yeah to get # the pigs to come in. Interviewer: I see. Well if you were just maybe not necessarily calling calling pigs to you but when you're feeding the pigs is there anything that you know people say kind of automatically when they're feeding their pigs that uh you know calling the pigs anything in #1 particular? # 185: #2 I # Interviewer: Piggy piggy piggy piggy something like #1 that? # 185: #2 um # Yeah. Interviewer: You have heard that. 185: Yeah. mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about to uh to chickens? 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You # know you're feeding the chickens. What would you say? Here chick chick chick chick chick. Or I mentioned calls to to cows. {NS} Uh what about the calves? Do you have any idea? If that #1 would # 185: #2 I have # no idea. Usually calf would follow its mother. Interviewer: mm. I see. Or say I mentioned we were talking about plowing #1 with animals. # 185: #2 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Say if you were plowing with mules can you recall a a a farmer saying anything in particular to the mule, calling to the mule to get him to turn? left or right you know. 185: Gee and haw. Interviewer: Gee and haw. Which is which, do you remember? 185: Gee is to the left. right is to ri- haw is right. Interviewer: Haw right and gee left. 185: mm-hmm. Interviewer: I see. Are {NS} are you gonna talk about {D: call of faith you were a} if you were a a uh riding a horse what would you say to it to to you know get him started from a 185: Get up. Interviewer: Get up. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Or if you were riding along, what is anything that you say or or do maybe to you know maybe make it go a little bit faster? 185: Yeah you gotta come on get up now and shake your reins and {NS} #1 kick him # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 185: a little bit. Interviewer: Whip it, yeah. 185: Yeah with your heels. Interviewer: And if you wanted him to stop you'd just say 185: You'd just say woah and pull back on the reins. Interviewer: Or uh you mentioned there were there were sheep in the area. Have you have you uh possibly ever heard any calls to sheep? 185: No. Um The sheep were u-were were pretty much gone by the time I was born. Interviewer: mm. I see. {NS} 185: When you when you hear about people having sheep it's old people. Interviewer: mm. Yeah. Well say uh talking about horses uh if you wanted to get your horses ready you know to go somewhere 185: mm-hmm. Interviewer: uh you know tend to put all that stuff on them you say maybe they'll ride and 185: And saddle them. Interviewer: And saddle them or 185: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is there anything else you've heard people say besides that? Maybe to refer to the whole process of putting the bit on you know and strapping on the saddle and all that you need to go up the horse's 185: I can't think of no. Interviewer: Harness? Is that used in that sense? 185: Harness is um usually for plowing. {NS} or for like the buggy or the wagon. Interviewer: Now are you are you talking about it as a noun? A harness? 185: No no #1 as a # Interviewer: #2 Harness. # 185: a-as a verb I'm #1 going to harness the horse. # Interviewer: #2 Going to harness the horse. # But 185: But with a mule it's Interviewer: Yeah. 185: um at least I think of think of it I I may be wrong. But I always think of it as as in terms of getting it ready to do work Interviewer: #1 I see. # 185: #2 when you're # going to um to ride the horse you'd saddle him. Interviewer: I see. Well you mentioned uh reins used in guiding the horse when you ride. What about the things that you use uh to guide the animal that you're plowing with? Any #1 particular # 185: #2 Those are # traces. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 185: #2 mm # Also reins, too. Interviewer: I see. Have you ever heard of of somebody refer to them as uh uh plow lines? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Same thing. I see. And get getting back to horses the those things that you put your feet in #1 when you ride # 185: #2 Stirrups. # Interviewer: Say uh you have a couple horses hitched to a wagon. Have you ever heard uh the horse on the right referred to by any particular name? Say that's the 185: I think he was the lead #1 horse. # Interviewer: #2 The lead # horse I don't guess they call the one on the left anything particular? 185: They may have. I don't know. Interviewer: Ask you about a a few expressions. Say if uh if somebody is stopped and asks directions somebody might say well it's not far, it's just a 185: #1 It's it's it's # Interviewer: #2 not far, it's just a # 185: just a little piece. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: A little #1 ways. # Interviewer: #2 mm. # Or say if you've been traveling for you know a long time, you've not yet finished your journey you'd say you still have 185: Had a long way to go. Interviewer 3: Excuse me just just a minute. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Another expression say if if uh {NS} something's very common and you don't have to look any special place for it you say well you can find that just about 185: Anywhere. Interviewer: Or say if somebody slipped on something in your front yard and he fell this way till he fell 185: He fell backward. Interviewer: And this way he fell 185: He fell forward. Interviewer: Or uh say if somebody's been been fishing just had terrible luck catching things and uh somebody was asking him about it later well how'd you do? Might say ugh I didn't catch 185: Didn't catch a thing. Interviewer: Ever heard anything else that might be used in that situation? You know in responding to a question like that? 185: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody uh uh say something like uh I didn't catch nary a one. 185: Yeah, I've heard that. Interviewer: Or say if uh uh a school teacher has really gotten angered. Little kid in class really burned him up. Might say afterwards, well why's she picking on me? I 185: I didn't do anything. Interviewer: Or say if uh I'm stumbling around your front yard yard and uh accidentally step on your rake and break it to smithereens. 185: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 You # might say well don't worry about it. I didn't need that 185: That rake. That old rake. Interviewer: Or maybe some kind of tag you could add on to that that sentence. 185: That old rake anyhow? Interviewer: Yeah. I didn't like it 185: Anyhow, anyway. Interviewer: Yeah. Or say if you find a little kid that's just you know he's crying his eyes out and you ask him what's the problem he might say, my friend's got all this this candy. He didn't give me 185: Any. Interviewer: Or say if you happen to knew a kid that uh is spoiled rotten. What might you say you know and indicate probability that uh when that you know you think when that kid grows up that {NS} what's gonna be the the situation? I mean if probably he's spoiled now and when he grows up he'll have his trouble 185: He'll Interviewer: Is anything you could do to that you know to indicate the probability that you know that this kid is gonna run really run into it when he grows up? 185: He's likely #1 to. # Interviewer: #2 He's likely # to. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Or uh getting back to farming again for just a minute talking about uh if you have a real good yield you'd say that you raised a big 185: A big crop. Interviewer: mm. Or again talking about the land if you have la- uh piece of land with a lot of bushes you know, trees and all that kind of thing which you want to put to cultivation uh you'd say you did what to the land in order to uh 185: You cleared it. Interviewer: Cleared the land. I see. Have you have you ever heard any particular terms uh people might use to uh refer to a piece of land that's just been cleared 185: New #1 ground. # Interviewer: #2 Call # that new ground. I see. Or say that you have just cut uh some hay off of a field. First time you've done this. When it comes back up again, have you ever heard that called anything particular? That's the 185: I don't Interviewer: What about second cutting? Second cutting, third cutting, that kind of thing? Not familiar with #1 it. # 185: #2 Not # familiar with hay. Interviewer: I see. Or say uh uh any any names for a crop that comes up even though you didn't plan it? 185: A volunteer. Interviewer: Call that a volunteer. Uh You ever had any experience with with wheat in uh 185: #1 Not wheat. # Interviewer: #2 your-not sure. # Let me ask you about this anyway just to see if you know it. When after the wheat's been been cut you say you tie it up into a 185: Into a sheath. Interviewer: And when you have several of those, they're all put together, you call that a 185: I don't know. Interviewer: Maybe a bundle or uh Have you ever heard I know you've mentioned shock last time. Could you use that in that sense? 185: You can do it with #1 corn. # Interviewer: #2 Shock. # mm-hmm 185: You can shock corn. Interviewer: mm-hmm. And that means specifically 185: That means you you take your corn, your corn stalks, and you stand them up in a bundle and tie them together. Interviewer: mm. I see. Well talking about corn, do you have any idea at all say you have the rough estimate of uh of uh how much uh corn to an acre would be a good yield? 185: Um a hundred bushels plus is a good yield. Um a hundred and twenty, hundred and twenty-five is excellent. Below a hundred um you've got problems. Interviewer: Yeah. What about talking about corn, grain, that sort of thing this uh grain that horses particularly like to eat. Can you 185: Oats? Interviewer: Oats. What do you say that you do to oats to separate uh uh the grain you know from the rest of it? You 185: What do you mean like to separate the #1 grain? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 185: #1 The oats # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 185: from what? From the corn? Interviewer: Yeah. No from #1 the uh # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: Well just just in general the process of of of separating you know 185: Threshing? Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. What do you mean by that? 185: By what, by by #1 threshing? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 185: Um it'd be harvesting. Interviewer: #1 That's harvesting? # 185: #2 Yeah # but most people at home when they plant oats they plant it for um a green crop for grazing Interviewer: mm. 185: for winter. That um they plant oats not so much to grow to a grain and harvest Interviewer: mm-hmm. 185: but for something green for their livestock to graze. Interviewer: mm. I see. I see. I want to ask you about uh it's an expression. It's mostly having to do with pronouns. For example, if uh if we had to do a job together, you'd say that not just one of us has to do it but 185: But both of us. Interviewer: mm. Or say that if uh you and another fellow are uh coming to see me. How could you indicate that without using his name? You'd just say that and are coming. 185: He and I are coming to see you. Interviewer: Or how could you identify yourself again without using your name if uh if you knocked on the door of my house and you knew that I'd recognize the sound of your voice. You'd say aw open the door it's just 185: It's just me. Interviewer: mm. Or say if uh another fellow came to the door, did the same thing and uh you were inside with me and and you knew that I w- you know would recognize the sound of his voice without using his name you'd say oh open the door it's just 185: Him. Interviewer: Hmm and if it were female you'd say it's 185: J- it's just her. Interviewer: mm and there are a group of people together it's 185: It's them. Interviewer: Say comparing how tall you are you might say something like well he's not as tall as 185: As I am. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Or again doing that you might say on the other hand I'm not as tall as 185: As he. Interviewer: mm. Or comparing how well you can do something. You might say well he can do it better than 185: Than I. Interviewer: mm. Or say if if somebody uh Dr. Patterson has been running for uh fifty miles and that's about it, he had to stop after that, you would say fifty miles is #1 {X} # 185: #2 Is all. # Interviewer: Hmm? 185: Is all he can do Interviewer: All he can do. Or uh if you uh well possessives. If something belongs to me I say that's 185: Mine. Interviewer: mm and if it belongs to both of us we say that's 185: Ours. Interviewer: And if it uh belongs to them it's 185: Theirs. Interviewer: And to him it's 185: His. Interviewer: And to her it's 185: Hers. Interviewer: Say if uh a group of people have been over to visit you. Say they're about to go. Addressing them collectively you might say well come back again. 185: Y'all. Interviewer: How about the possessive of that? Say for example if a group of people had come over in a car and #1 their lights # 185: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: were on. uh you might say something well the lights in car are on. 185: Well if I knew whose car it was I'd say it was his car but other I'd say y'all's Interviewer: Y'all's car? #1 Yeah. # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: You ever heard anything besides y'all's? 185: #1 You all. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What about for possession? So you said y'all's I was just wondering if anything besides that you know. You ever heard people around Ocilla say anything like y'all's's? Is that y'all's's? 185: mm I can't think of anyone who says that right now. Interviewer: Just y'all's? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: mm I see. Say uh if uh you had been to a party and for some reason or another I didn't get to go and you were telling me about it you know after the summary and I wanted to know who was at the party, everybody who was there. 185: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # I would probably ask you well 185: Who's there? Who was there? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or say if uh {NS} for example I had uh uh you went to hear somebody speak {NS} and uh I couldn't make it again for some reason. And uh I was asking you about it uh wanting to know what was said you know everything that was said I would probably say something like well 185: What did he say? Interviewer: Have you ever heard people say either uh in response to those two questions uh who all was there or what all did he say? 185: mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Do you have any idea whether you you use that yourself? 185: #1 I probably do. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NS} Or another expression say if uh uh but if nobody else we'll look after them. {C: not sure if we'll or will} 185: mm-hmm. Interviewer: You say they've got to look after 185: After themselves. Interviewer: Or if nobody else will do it for him, he's got to do it 185: For himself. Interviewer: Tell me about uh uh some different types of types of bread that you're familiar with, just anything um 185: Okay. We've got corn bread um rye bread um wheat bread raisin bread um light bread, which is white white bread um biscuits. Interviewer: Hmm. 185: um Muffins rolls #1 that's about it. # Interviewer: #2 That's about it? # 185: Yeah. Interviewer: What about uh oh uh you mentioned corn bread. Uh {NS} when you think about corn bread uh do you think of of you know the the big round thing that you bake and uh just cook in the skillet? Or 185: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 What's your # conception? 185: My conception #1 of cornbread? # Interviewer: #2 Corn yeah. # Yeah. 185: Um usually {NW} well it all depends. I've I've had it cooked in the skillet, baked in a pan as muffins, as corn sticks. Interviewer: mm. 185: And #1 just mixed. # Interviewer: #2 What what # what do you mean by corn sticks? 185: Corn #1 sticks? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 185: Um Okay- well you've got you've got a corn stick pan um and it's cast iron and um you put your your corn bread batter in and they come out long about six inches long about inch wide about an inch they're Interviewer: #1 They're corn sticks {C: laughter} # 185: #2 They're corn sticks. # Interviewer: Right, right. Just some type of molds or 185: #1 Yeah. mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I see. Well have you ever heard way back when when people making some kind of a corn bread uh actually in the fire place you know cooking it in the ashes, something like that. You familiar with #1 anything # 185: #2 No. # Interviewer: like that? Ever heard anything called ash cake? 185: No. Interviewer: I see. Well what about the uh uh have you ever seen what I was starting to talk about corn bread cooked in a skillet, you know a great big #1 round piece of it yeah you know # 185: #2 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 so thick # 185: #2 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What would you just call if is there any particular name that you would use and 185: A hoecake. Interviewer: You call that a hoecake. Have you ever seen it prepared uh by pouring out the batter in maybe hand-size 185: mm-hmm Interviewer: What is that? 185: Um Griddle cakes? #1 Maybe. # Interviewer: #2 Griddle cakes mm. # 185: I don't know. I don't know the the official name. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. Well these things uh that people would especially like to eat if they had them fish, fried 185: Hushpuppies. Interviewer: #1 Hushpuppies. # 185: #2 Corn dodgers. # Interviewer: Corn dodgers. Same thing? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. Well how do you make those things? Have any idea what #1 goes in them? # 185: #2 Hushpuppies? # Yeah you've got corn bread meal Interviewer: mm. 185: um onions an egg or two buttermilk some baking soda and some salt. Interviewer: mm. I see. 185: And you mix it up and drop it in into your hot grease. Interviewer: mm. Well anything made with uh with corn meal that's uh also made in a deep dish and it's very soft, so soft that you can almost {D: no} 185: Spoon bread. Interviewer: Yeah. Tell me about that. You know 185: #1 I I don't know how you make it. I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: I've had it before. Interviewer: Is it any comparative taste with uh anything? 185: Spoon bread i-is very light. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: And um it's different from regular corn bread but Interviewer: Not as coarse or 185: It's not as #1 coarse. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # I see. Does does the term uh uh you might have mentioned this I can't recall. Hoecake mean anything to you? 185: Yeah. That's the the frying pan #1 full. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 185: #1 About like that. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # I see. What about uh Johnny cake? 185: Yeah I've I've heard that but Interviewer: #1 Don't you're not that sure about it. # 185: #2 I'm I I # I can't really say what it is. Interviewer: I see. Um {NW} You ever heard of corn pone? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: What is that? 185: It's corn bread. Interviewer: Just with #1 Corn bread generically. # 185: #2 Corn bread generically. # #1 If if you # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # Yeah. I see. Why have you ever heard of uh corn bread along with uh uh corn meal mixed up with wheat flour and egg anything made or something like that? 185: No. Interviewer: You ever heard of egg bread? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Is it uh is this 185: But I've heard of it #1 I'm I'm not # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: sure. I'm not sure what it is. Interviewer: I see. In general a lot of people say that there are basically just two kinds of bread. There's the uh there's the kind that you make at home you know #1 homemade. # 185: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: There's the kind that you buy at the store. You call that 185: Store-bought bread. Interviewer: And this thing that uh uh people used to make at home a lot you know you make uh make your batter and you would pour it out so that it had a hole right in the center of it you call those things 185: Doughnuts? Interviewer: Yeah. Ever heard a a doughnut called anything besides that? 185: No. Interviewer: No. Or say if you uh if you had your doughnut batter and you you dipped it out you know just in clumps, without the hole in other words. 185: mm-hmm. Interviewer: You have any idea what that would be called? 185: No. Interviewer: Not sure about that. List uh these things that people like to eat for breakfast especially. You mix up your batter and you you pour them out and you eat them with uh you can put butter 185: Oh biscuits. #1 Is that what you're # Interviewer: #2 Or. # 185: talking about? Interviewer: Well. Uh not exactly. You know you pour them out in the skillet and you 185: #1 Pancakes? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Ever heard those called anything else? 185: Flapjacks. Interviewer: Flapjacks? 185: Griddle cakes. Interviewer: It's all the same thing? Um what about um uh hot cakes? 185: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Again the same thing? I see. Do you have any idea just roughly how much flour would probably come in a sack about that size? 185: About about ten pounds. Interviewer: Uh and talking about baking bread, that sort of thing what would you what would you use when you're when you're as you're going to bake bread to make it rise? 185: Yeast. But if you're doing um if you're doing wheat bread Interviewer: mm-hmm. 185: you can use baking power and baking soda, which is what you use in corn bread. Interviewer: mm. I see. I see. I'm ask you uh uh uh what what what do you have for a typical breakfast? 185: Me? Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Toast and coffee. Interviewer: That's it? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} W-What else have you seen other people have? 185: Um well you can have eggs and bacon and grits and toast and coffee. You can have um cereal hot and cold um sausage ham um you can fix biscuits for breakfast. Interviewer: mm. 185: um Basically most people at home have eggs and bacon or or sausage. And um grits and toast. Interviewer: Well you talking about eggs can you tell me about some different ways of of fixing eggs as you know #1 about # 185: #2 Okay # well you can um poach them boil them um soft-boiled and hard-boiled you can have um fry eggs over light over medium or over hard. Interviewer: mm. I see. Well talking about an egg, what about the uh the two parts of the egg uh one 185: The the egg white and the egg yolk. Interviewer: You ever heard the yolk oh well the color of the egg yolk it's just 185: It's yellow. Interviewer: Or say if uh if you were you were talking about bacon {NS} if you wanted to buy a lot of bacon at one time, not sliced 185: mm-hmm. Interviewer: you'd say you just bought a whole 185: A side. Interviewer: You ever heard people #1 {X} # 185: #2 Or a slab. # Interviewer: Sl- side or slab with bacon. Yeah. Have you ever heard people refer to that as a middling? 185: No. {NS} Interviewer: Not familiar with that one. I see. Or say uh some meat that you might cook along say if you were cooking cooking greens that you might boil along with the greens to give it a little flavor? 185: Some {C: background noise} boiling meat. Interviewer: Boiling meat? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What is that usually, you have any idea? # 185: #2 It's fresh. # It you use fresh pork for greens. You can use um or you just go to the grocery store and get some um some boiling meat that you can use neck neck bones are good Interviewer: mm. 185: um for greens um pork chops are also good. Interviewer: mm. 185: Um shine bones. A shine bone. Interviewer: Tell me about that one. 185: Um I'm not sure what they are but they smell really good {C: laughing} {NW} and um Interviewer: Shine bone. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Is it pork #1 or # 185: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: It's pork. 185: Yeah. And um then if you if you need um cured meat then you get ham hocks. Interviewer: mm. mm I see. Uh say uh well does that does that meat that you boil along with greens then usually have a good bit of lean on it or is it mostly 185: Yeah it they ha- it it usually has a good bit of lean it has some fat too. Interviewer: I see, I see. Ever heard people call that fatback? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Side-belly? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Heard that too. I see. Uh talking about bacon again say if you were slicing the bacon off of the the side or the slab. You know that that tough part that uh you need to cut off because it doesn't go not sure about that 185: Well uh you don't have to cut it off as good. Interviewer: What would you call it anyway? 185: It's the rind. Interviewer: Call that the rind? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: It's good. 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 How are you going to # chew it up? 185: Well you you you chew it long enough, you chew it. {C: laughter} Interviewer: {NW} How long is it going to take? 185: A pretty good while. #1 Used to I used to like- it is. It # Interviewer: #2 It's worth it though, right? # 185: It really and truly is worth it. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard any general terms that people might use to refer to uh {NS} to to pork and uh {NW} 185: As pork or hog meat. Interviewer: Pork or hog meat. Yeah. You mentioned a smokehouse. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: The uh the other day. What type of meat would you generally find in that? 185: Pork. Interviewer: It's all pork? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: It's all different kinds of cuts? Or 185: Usually bacon and hams. Interviewer: Those are the things that are smoked usually? 185: They yeah. Interviewer: If if I'm 185: And sausage. Interviewer: Yeah. Well if if smoked meat came up in the conversation, how would you react? What would that mean to you? 185: It means it'd been cured. Interviewer: Just but any kind of meat, any kind of pork or or one particular cut? 185: Well Interviewer: I mean could is smoked meat restricted to bacon or or ham or or what? 185: It may not be restricted but it's usually they're the most common ones that are smoked. Interviewer: mm. 185: Are hams and bacon and sausage. Interviewer: mm. I see. Well talking about meat uh what would you call a man who who deals in cuts of meat exclusively? He's the your friendly neighborhood 185: Butcher. Interviewer: Yeah. Or talking about meat that's been kept too long you you'd say the meat's gone 185: Rancid. It's #1 gone # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: bad. Interviewer: Or it has 185: It spoiled. Interviewer: mm. What about butter? You know it's done the same thing. It's uh it's uh been kept too long to taste good. You'd say it was 185: It's rancid. Interviewer: It's rancid. Have you ever heard any other term uh besides rancid that you could use in uh describing {NS} butter that's like that? 185: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody uh say it's funky? 185: No. Interviewer: Does that word mean anything to you? 185: Funky? Interviewer: Funky yeah. 185: Yeah but Not in #1 term # Interviewer: #2 Doesn't have # anything to do with bad butter. 185: It has nothing to do with bad butter. Interviewer: What does it mean? 185: Well it's sort of like um early nineteen seventies black hip. Interviewer: Hmm. That's a pretty good description. Interviewer 2: If it means hip #1 it means what is {X} # 185: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: mm-hmm. I see. Uh getting back to meat what about the meat is there anything that you can can make with the meat from a hog's head? 185: Yeah, you can make sow's meat. Interviewer: Sow's meat. #1 {X} # 185: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. Interviewer: Pretty good? 185: mm-hmm. You can also use it to um boil it down and use it to make Brunswick stew also. Head meat. Interviewer: Head meat. That's you're referring to what goes into Brunswick stew specifically 185: Well it's generally the meat from the from the hog's head. Interviewer: That goes into the #1 sides too. # 185: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. Interviewer: You have any idea what goes into that sow's besides uh uh the head meat is it spicy or? 185: Yeah there's {C: thump} spices in it and I'm not sure what other kinds of meat go in it. Interviewer: mm. I see. Uh Sow's. Ever heard it called anything besides that? 185: I can't Interviewer: {X} 185: I probably have but I can't think of any right now. Interviewer: What about head of cheese? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Called a head of cheese? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: I see. Uh uh Is this a would an older person be more likely to say that or are they pretty much interchangeable? 185: Probably an older person would say head cheese. Interviewer: Hmm I see. #1 {X} # 185: #2 Sow's # meat or sow's is the most common. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Most common term. Interviewer: I see. You familiar with anything that can be made by a uh uh cooking and grinding up uh hog liver? 185: Yeah. Chopped liver. Interviewer: Chopped liver? {NW} You familiar with anything uh well what about liver sausage? You ever heard of that? 185: I've heard of it. Interviewer: mm. Is that the same thing as this uh liverwurst you see in uh 185: I don't know if it's the same thing. I've never had it. Interviewer: Not sure about that. I see. Have you ever heard of anything uh made out of hog with hog's blood in it? Some kind of dish made with hog's blood. 185: I can't think of any. Interviewer: Delightful thought, huh? {NW} What about something that you might uh had heard blood sausage there 185: I've heard of blood sausage Interviewer: mm. 185: but it wasn't from home. Interviewer: Yeah I see. Hadn't run across it in a book or something? 185: Maybe so. Interviewer: You ever heard of anything that could be made by taking the uh the juice from the the sow's with the head cheese and mixing it up with uh corn meal, maybe some hog meat, cooking it that way? 185: I've never heard of any. Interviewer: Never heard of scrapple? {NS} 185: I've heard of scrapple, yeah, but Interviewer: It's just a #1 word. Doesn't # 185: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: mean anything to you. I see. Uh milk. Have you ever heard of uh this thick sour milk that some women you know like to keep around the kitchen and make things out of? 185: Clabber. Interviewer: Clabber? 185: Also sour milk. Buttermilk. Interviewer: mm. I see. What can you make out of that stuff? 185: Um usually you use it in baking and making corn bread. You've got to have it for corn bread. Interviewer: mm. I see. Is there any kind of uh of uh cheese that you can make from it? Uh 185: Yeah. Cottage #1 cheese. # Interviewer: #2 Cottage # cheese okay, I see. We're talking about milk, you know after you've gotten the milk, what could you do to it to get some of the impurities out of it? You'd say you 185: You pasteurize it. Interviewer: Pasteurize it or if you just passed it through a a wire mesh you'd say you were 185: You strained it. Interviewer: Yeah. Something that you might have for dessert uh you probably 185: {D: Well} Interviewer: Some I think I left off talking about uh well I was describing a dish uh something that might be cooked for dessert, you know? 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Usually # in uh some sort of rectangular pan you could make it with slices of fruit, say apples or peaches usually has some kind of #1 crust on it # 185: #2 A a pie. # Interviewer: Call that a pie? 185: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Sometimes uh can you have a pie cooked you know uh usually I I don't associate pies being cooked in a rectangular sort of container but rather a round dish 185: Yeah uh you mean you're talk you're not talking about a deep-dish pie. Interviewer: A deep-dish pie. 185: Uh-huh some people call it a cobbler #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 Yeah, I see. So deep-dish pie and cobbler? # 185: #2 And cobbler # #1 are the same things. # Interviewer: #2 Same thing? # 185: Mm-hmm and then um a pie you can also have it cooked in a rounded pie plate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And it can either have a crust over it or not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} 185: Yeah. Yeah. Deep-dish you have to put um more you you put water in it so that you get a lot of juice in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Well what about is there any particular term you've heard say for example somebody might say so-and-so has a pretty good appetite. He sure puts away his 185: His food. Interviewer: #1 His food? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: You ever heard anything that might be a little uh on the joking or you know jocular side 185: #1 {D: A fiddler?} # Interviewer: #2 {D: violence} # {X} 185: Um yeah but you don't hear that too often anymore. Um the only times I've heard it like you said have been in in in a joking manner. Interviewer: Mm. Do you would anybody that you know nowadays use that naturally? 185: No. Not naturally. Interviewer: Maybe it's an old-fashioned term? 185: I would think so, yeah. Interviewer: Well say this stuff you know if you're having barbecue you might pour on some more barbecue 185: Some barbecue sauce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A sauce and a gravy is there a difference there or are they the same? to you 185: Between sauce and gravy. Um Yeah there's a difference. Gravy is with meat. It's usually made out of the um out of the drippings of the meat when you've cooked. Like a roast. You have roast beef and gravy and you take um the drippings in the pan and you make gravy from that. Or from frying chicken you can make gravy with the crumb the crumbs that are left in the pan. Sauce you, I usually think of as being something like a cheese sauce or a cream sauce. Interviewer: I see. Possibly gravy made with flour in it? 185: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: I see. Say food that you eat between meals. You'd say you're having a 185: A snack. Interviewer: You ever heard people call that anything else? 185: #1 Don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 Having a snack or uh # Uh would that be the same as a bite to eat? You ever heard it used that way? Between meals? 185: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Usually you'd say I'm gonna get a bite to eat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Uh and that verb 'to eat', the past you say yesterday I 185: I ate. Interviewer: And I have 185: I've eaten. Interviewer: You mentioned last time you talk about talked about something that breaks. How about the past of that? #1 It- Mm-hmm. # 185: #2 It broke. # And it has broken. Interviewer: And when you say if you pour yourself a glass of water, you say you 185: You drink it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh 185: Drank it and have drunk. Interviewer: Say if some company has come over uh for a meal and they're just standing around the table and you didn't want them to you know stay that way, you'd say well just go ahead 185: And sit down. Interviewer: And that verb sit 185: You sat and have sat. Interviewer: And uh if the people are around the table and you don't want them to wait until something's passed to them, you say go ahead 185: Help yourself. Interviewer: And that verb help 185: Helped and help. Interviewer: Say if some- somebody passes you a dish at a meal. You are not particularly crazy about it, you just tell them what? 185: No, thank you. Or I don't believe I'll have any of that. Interviewer: Or I don't care for that? 185: Or I don't care for that. Interviewer: Or say uh what, talking about food, what would you call food that been uh cooked and served a second time 185: Leftovers. Interviewer: Call that leftover. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And you would, would you say they've been 185: They've been um heated up. Interviewer: Heated up? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that uh people say it's been warmed over? 185: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Same thing. 185: Right. Right. Warmed over and heated up are basically the same thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when you begin to eat you put food in your mouth and you start to 185: Start to chew. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any any dish made by taking some corn meal and boiling it in water? Maybe add a little salt to steam it that way? 185: No. It doesn't sound real good. Interviewer: No it do- {NW} {C: starting to say 'doesn't' then laughs} It has very little appeal {X} What about mush? #1 You ever heard of that? # 185: #2 Mush? No. # Interviewer: Not familiar with that. 185: No. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh {X} the first time we talked, you mentioned a wash pot. #1 I don't know if you were familiar with it or not but way back when # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: out in the country people would take a big wash pot and they'd boil this stuff in it {D: drivet food} cook it that way, it's really whole kernels of corn you boil them you know and they kind of puff up {X} 185: Hominy. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of that? 185: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 any of that? # 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You ever seen it? Seen 185: I've never seen it being being made. I've heard my um even my father or some of his family's made it before but that was years ago. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Usually the hominy you get now you get it, it's canned. Interviewer: Hmm. 185: In the grocery #1 store. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Well say talking about starch you could {D: with another one} if you might have oh it grows you know in uh flooded fields? Especially in Louisiana. 185: Rice. Interviewer: Mm. 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: everything that growing?} # 185: No. No um they don't grow any rice at home. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Um it's not low enough and swampy enough. Interviewer: I was really ignorant when I was traveling around this summer. I got into Arkansas and I'm traveling on like my God they must've had terrible rain around here. All your fields are flooded. Rice field. I had never seen rice before. I didn't know what it was. Uh this stuff that I don't know that you have it around Ocilla anymore but in Alabama some places you still hear about people going up the hills and making their own uh 185: Their own moonshine. Yeah. Um they don't grow they don't make too much of it at home anymore. The price of sugar got too high a couple of years ago. But um there used to be some real good moonshiners at home. Real good coppersmiths too. All copper um vase coils, the worm, and everything Interviewer: {X} 185: R- Yeah um there's one man who told my who told Daddy that um if you ever want any good moonshine, just let me know. I know someone's got an all copper still. I can get it Interviewer: #1 for you. # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # And one time when we went out to my grandparents and um somebody out in that a- area had a still and was running a batch because you could smell it everywhere it sm- it smelled it smelled just like liquor. Interviewer: {NW} 185: But you could smell it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The worm you mentioned. What is that? 185: The worm is the coil. Um but it's twisted it's it's the um the condensing coil, I guess. Interviewer: Mm. 185: Um I've always heard it referred to as the worm. Interviewer: I see. You ever taste any of that stuff? 185: No. Interviewer: You ever heard that people around there are taught anything about moonshine or? 185: White lightning. Interviewer: White lightning. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Can you remember anything besides that? Moonshine #1 and white lightning, anything besides that? # 185: #2 White light- # That's about it. Interviewer: I have heard some colorful expressions for that. 185: Um Daddy's had some and he's he said that that it should have colorful expression. Interviewer: {NW} 185: it um it's I get it's basically pure alcohol, I don't know. He said it really packed a wallop. Interviewer: {X} Well have you anything like that maybe but maybe not as powerful that uh is not necessarily made in stills I guess 185: That's tub gin? Interviewer: That's tub gin. 185: My grandfather and uncle makes made a batch of bathtub gin one time back during Prohibition. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um no my mother says some- oh well occasionally if you ask her about it will say something about it but not much. Um it didn't turn out too good. Um some people at home I think once made beer. But you I don't hear anything about that in there. And there's some people at home who now make wine Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: since home wine-making has become sort of sort of a popular fad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Any of that you've mentioned, have you ever heard it called homebrew? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 185: #2 Um # just sort of referred to it as um as home brewing. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Um I think my my my mother referred to um my grandfather ran off the batch of bathtub gin as doing some home brewing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um I had an uncle who made wine before he died and um he would be cheered about about home brewing Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: referring to his wine-making. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Where's that {X} {D: Right off} the back again and sell it to have 185: I don't know. Um I don't know if it's not at the house. I think it tasted really awful. Interviewer: {NW} 185: They wound up throwing most of the batch out. Interviewer: {NS} I cut my hands making one one time turned out to be vinegar {X} Hey uh this is an expression. If you uh if there's something in the kitchen cooking, you might think Mm that sure does 185: Smell good. Interviewer: And this uh stuff that that uh Don't know if you fancy this or not but that people like to if they have his pancakes up, pouring it on their pancake? 185: The syrup. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: I don't think so. Interviewer: Yeah. Is there something like like that except maybe a little different? You distinguish between syrup and uh 185: #1 And molasses? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 185: Um well we have cane syrup at home and some people I've never really understood what the difference between that and molasses is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And wha- oh we got some molasses last year at the grocery store my roommate and I did here at school. And I used it a couple of times and finally tasted it and it tasted just like cane syrup from home. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah somehow I get the idea that molasses might've been thicker or darker and prettier, something like that. I don't know. You ever heard any terms other than for those things other than syrup and molasses? 185: I can't I don't think so. Interviewer: You have heard of them, the short sweetener and the long sweetener 185: I read about it. But um I I've never heard people refer to it as short sweetener or long sweetener. Interviewer: Say uh this expression that could really say if I have a a belt that's made out of cow hide I might say something like well now this isn't imitation cow hide, this is 185: Real leather or genuine leather. Interviewer: Or again getting back to what you might uh say put on biscuits when you're eating breakfast you don't pour syrup on it. Uh you might uh spread some 185: Some butter on and um Interviewer: It's stuff it made made out of different fruits 185: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: Some jelly or some preserves. Interviewer: What's a different thing {X} 185: Okay jelly is made from the juice of the fruit. You take your fruit and you cook it with water and you get your jelly when you get your juice. Then you make your jelly from that and you have to add sugar and you {X} it doesn't have enough natural peptin in it. Peptin is what makes it set up And then you cook that and pour it into your hot jars and then seal it and preserves are made with the actual fruit itself. Um say Okay we make pr- pear preserves at home and you take your pears and peel them and cut them up and put a lot of sugar on them and then you just let them cook slowly for about twelve to fourteen hours. Interviewer: {NS} I see. Uh this expression, say if uh you have something that I want immediately I might say you 185: Give it to me. Interviewer: And uh this expression say if I were pointing out a group of boys who'd done something like broken somebody's window I might say something like well now it wasn't these boys right here it was 185: It was them. Interviewer: Or another demonstrative that you might use. Not these boys but 185: They. Interviewer: Or these or like these right here but 185: Those. Interviewer: Over there yeah. Or if I'm uh uh trying to direct somebody somewhere I might say uh here doesn't live here it's 185: There. Interviewer: Mm-hmm or it's right 185: Over there. Interviewer: Or if I'm directing somebody again in how to how to do something I might tell them well now don't do it that way, do it 185: This way. Interviewer: Uh Ooh to you what would be the the opposite of rich? That's 185: Poor. Interviewer: And uh say this expression you might say something the fact that uh well if if a man has a lot of money, he doesn't have much to worry about but uh life's hard on a man 185: That's poor. Interviewer: And uh for this expression you might say somebody's asking you well uh {D: let's take a look at that orchard, that tree or something like that} {D: I ask going now} is that yours? {D: I nod and I think uh} of the man across the street. He's the man 185: Who owns it? Interviewer: And then this expression I might say something like uh well when I was a boy uh my father was poor, but next door was a boy 185: Who was rich. Interviewer: What kind of uh do you have any kinds of of fruit that grow naturally in Ocilla? 185: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: Yeah. I guess they're natural. I don't know. Yeah they're plum trees. We have plums and we have pecan trees and um which are a nut and not really a fruit um there are black walnut trees um pear trees but I'm not sure if they're native or if they've been brought in. Um grapes um scuppernongs which are sort of like muscadine grapes um people have peach trees but I'm I don't know if they're native or if they've been brought in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um pomegranates um figs and blackberries which I'm pretty sure are native. They're pretty much everywhere. And um blueberries grow there, which were developed over in Tifton at the experiment station. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um There are huckleberries which are native. They grow down on the Alapaha River. Um persimmons #1 That's about all I can think. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 That about get you? # 185: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 No uh raspberries? # 185: No, no raspberries. Interviewer: Mm I see. What about this uh you know the type of tree that Washington was supposed to have cut down 185: The cherry tree. Interviewer: Did uh that that heart inside part of a cherry, what do you call that? 185: That's the pit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh you mentioned uh peaches. What do you call the heart inside part of the peach? 185: Um peach pit or sometimes the stone. Interviewer: Did you ever call it the seed? 185: No, we've always called it the pit or the stone. Interviewer: I see. Do you have this type of peach there in Ocilla you know the meat is kind of tight against the stone? 185: Yeah. Cling stones. Interviewer: Cling stone. 185: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And what about you know that other type 185: The Albertas? They're free stones. Interviewer: Free stones. I see. Well you know the inside part of an apple that's left when you've eaten around it, you call that 185: That's the core. Interviewer: {X} Have you ever heard of uh taking or cutting up sli- well sliced up fruit and letting it dry? 185: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 and # using it you know in cooking 185: Yeah um they don't do it much now because people d- can freeze things but um my grandmothers talked about drying things, about drying fruit um especially drying fruit up in the mountains. They do they they dry apples a lot up there. I've seen my relatives up there drying apples um and what they used to dry at home a lot were beans and peas to use during the winter. Interviewer: I see. You ever heard that called anything in particular any name for the the dried fruit? or you just call it dried fruit? 185: Just just dried fruit. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of the term {X} 185: No. Interviewer: {D: for breakfast and then?} 185: No. Interviewer: Uh you mentioned uh something about nuts a minute ago pecans and walnuts any particular name for the outside covering of a walnut? You'd call that, you have to crack the 185: The hull. Interviewer: The hull. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that is that the type of nut that has the something that has the soft covering that'll stain your fingers? 185: Yeah yeah. Interviewer: Now that part is the hull? 185: Um on a on a pecan or a pecan #1 that # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 185: part is the shuck. Interviewer: I see. 185: and then the hull is the um hard part that you crack. As far as a walnut goes I don't know what that what that great big outer layering is that you have to um scrape off and get down through that sort of pulpy part Interviewer: Yeah. 185: before you get down to the hull. Interviewer: Yeah. I was wondering if you would ever make reference to a walnut shell? Or just hull? 185: #1 Just a hull. # Interviewer: #2 Just hull. # Okay. Uh uh this probably doesn't grow around Ocilla it's a type of nut that you see uh around Christmastime a lot in stores, have a long oval shaped nut 185: Brazil nut? Interviewer: Brazil nut? Ever heard those called anything else? 185: Nigger toes. Interviewer: Yeah. What about almonds? 185: Almonds don't grow at home. Interviewer: They're available though? 185: Yeah you can get them at the grocery store. Interviewer: This uh fruit that grows uh uh especially well in Florida and California. That's the 185: Orange. Interviewer: Yeah. And this expressions I might say well I had a bowl of oranges on the table this morning but now they're 185: They're gone. Interviewer: Getting back to vegetables this uh rather small uh red-colored root vegetable, kind of hard, has a peppery taste to it you know uh some people slice it up and put it in green salads 185: {X} No Interviewer: Some some people call them horse 185: Horseradish. Interviewer: Yeah. Does that grow around? 185: Well not that I know of um some people may do it but not that I know of. Interviewer: Yeah. Well I'm sure this grows around there. A lot of people uh grow these oh you know great big red vegetables uh uh it's like a make a sandwich out of it, put it in uh 185: #1 Onions? # Interviewer: #2 salad # 185: No. Interviewer: #1 Well it # 185: #2 onion? # Interviewer: uh 185: Beets? No. Interviewer: Some people put stakes down you know in the vine? 185: Oh tomatoes Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Tomatoes, yeah. Interviewer: Do you have the small variety that doesn't get much bigger than that? 185: The cherry tomatoes? Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Um yeah. Some people grow them in their yard. Most people though who have them who have um gardens on on their farm may have a hill or two of those but usually they grow um larger tomatoes and um sell them in the early summer. Interviewer: I see. Ever heard that small variety referred to as {D: commie toes}? 185: No. Interviewer: Uh this uh uh another vegetable that you might have for a meal with your meat, you might have meat and 185: Potatoes. Interviewer: Different types? 185: Yeah Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes. And um sweet potatoes I guess everybody knows what those are. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 You ever heard them called anything else or # 185: #2 Yams. # Interviewer: {D: yes} 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Same thing? 185: Yeah but m-m-most people say sweet potatoes. Interviewer: I see. You mentioned onions a minute ago. Are you familiar with this variety {D: Well back in the south it's kind of small} but the stalk attached to it 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You can think of a name? 185: #1 We've just always called them green onions # Interviewer: #2 Green onions. Yeah. # Uh some can you just name uh just {NS} right off the top of your head a few things that would go in a good vegetable soup? 185: In a good vegetable soup? Um some tomatoes, some potatoes, and some carrots and maybe some peas, some leftover English peas if you have those um just about anything you want to put in. #1 In the soup. # Interviewer: #2 What about # this stuff uh you didn't mention usually it's about so long kind of slender, green uh you can slice it up, fry it, or some people oh it gets a little bit slimy 185: Okra! Yes, okra's good. Interviewer: How do you like to eat that? 185: Um fried or boiled. Either way is good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Preferably fried. Interviewer: Mm I like the stuff too either way really. Say uh if you leave an apple around in the sun, not long before it'll dry up 185: And wither. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Any other word you can think of mean about the same thing? It'll {D: puff} uh for that process? Wither or 185: #1 Where it dries up? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # As it gets smaller it'll 185: It dehydrates is what it does. Interviewer: What about would you ever say shrivel? 185: Yeah Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Say # 185: #2 Yeah # #1 Shrivel. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 185: Okay. Interviewer: Uh What about some leafy vegetables? 185: Um turnips collards mustard um beets um cabbage Interviewer: And the main ingredient for green salad 185: For a green salad is lettuce. Interviewer: You mentioned uh turnips #1 {X} # 185: #2 Yeah. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say if you if you cut off the tops of a lot of turnips. You'd say you have a mess of 185: Turnip greens. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything besides mass of greens or a mass of turnip greens? 185: There's turnip salad only that's when they're real small leaves. Interviewer: I see. {X} say salad? 185: Not just salad. Interviewer: What about uh a few different kinds of beans that grow around your area? 185: Um there are green beans that grow on little bushes in the garden and then there're pole beans which most people grow on some sort of trellis or or fence and make them run a little bit. Those are about the only kind of beans that are at home. Um the green beans are sort of a a small round snap bean. And then um butter beans and um some people also grow butter peas and then they grow English peas and what's known as field peas. Interviewer: I see. You've just picked a lot of butter beans, you take them inside, you say you have to 185: You have to shell them. Or you shell butter beans. You snap the other beans. Interviewer: I see. I always preferred snap {D: for sure} 185: Yeah. Much less work. Interviewer: If uh Howard's going to send you to the store. He got some lettuce. I'd say something like well go up there and get me two 185: Two heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Or have you ever heard anybody refer say he had uh a lot of children maybe seven boys seven girls something like that uh he'd say that he has uh he has fourteen anything 185: Fourteen children. Fourteen younguns. Interviewer: Fourteen younguns yeah. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Anybody you can remember ever referring to the children or you know the number as I have so many head of children? 185: No. No, not as not as head. Interviewer: What besides lettuce and that sort of thing have you ever heard referred to as something head? 185: Uh livestock #1 especially # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 185: cattle. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah I see. Or going back to about all the fourteen children talking about the number. You'd say that that guy has a whole 185: A whole passel, a whole mess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: A slew of children. Interviewer: Slew. {X} 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh {NS} corn talking about corn that outside covering over near your corn you call that 185: That's the husk. Well the shu- that's the shuck. It's not the husk. Interviewer: I see. And you know on a a stalk of corn the stuff that grows right out of the top of the stalk 185: The tassel. Interviewer: Call that the tassel. Well what about you know the 185: It's also called some people call it the tassel. Interviewer: The tassel? 185: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Anybody who'd be more likely to say that? 185: Um my grandparents refer to it as tasseling out. Interviewer: Tasseling out? 185: Uh-huh. And um Interviewer: That means it's 185: That means that There are that means that it's tasseled out, the tassels have come on in the in the early summer and you're going to have corn in a few weeks. And um their tenant farmer always refers to it as the tassel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. You know that stuff that you have to brush off the ears. You call that 185: Those are the silks. Interviewer: {X} names you know of people might use to refer to you know corn that's tender enough to eat right off the cob? 185: Um roasting ears. Interviewer: Roasting ears. Ever heard ever heard people call it mutton {X} mutton corn? 185: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Just roasting # 185: Just roasting ears. Interviewer: And this these things uh well you see them quite fre- frequently now around Halloween people will uh buy them gonna make a 185: Pumpkins. Interviewer: Yes. Do those grow around uh #1 Ocilla? # 185: #2 Yeah # Um my grandparents usually grow pumpkins each year. They didn't have any of this last year um they couldn't gain seed. Interviewer: Yeah I see. 185: But usually they grow pumpkins. Interviewer: One of the vegetables I don't think you mentioned uh usually yellow and has {X} 185: Squash. Interviewer: Like that? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 185: Real well. Either fry it or boil it or put it in casserole. Just about any way. Interviewer: Yeah. What say uh s- different types of melons uh 185: Yeah watermelons and cantaloupe are the pri- are the main melons that grow down at home. Interviewer: S- have you ever heard of anything like uh a muskmelon? 185: Yeah Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now is that unusual?} 185: It's not like a cantaloupe. A cantaloupe is round and a muskmelon or a mushmelon Interviewer: Same thing. 185: Yeah is is a li- is a little longer oval more elongated and tastes very much like a cantaloupe but I think has maybe a s- a little s- a slightly stronger flavor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Uh You mentioned watermelons. Do you have different colored uh meats #1 {X} # 185: #2 Yeah # Red meat and yellow meat Interviewer: Seemed that I've asked you {X} uh is it far as you know is there any way uh distinguishing between a red meat and yellow-meated watermelon without cutting it? 185: Um I think there is. If you know what varieties you've planted. Interviewer: Yeah 185: Um they'll either have a different shape the yellow-meated watermelons I've seen have been round and dark dark green. And um there's also a red-meated watermelon that's about the same color, a cannon ball. And um so that if you really knew your watermelons you might be able to. But I'm not I don't know. Interviewer: Any difference in taste #1 as far as you're concerned? # 185: #2 as # far as I'm concerned no. Interviewer: These things uh sometimes you see them growing wild in people's yards or they might grow in the woods you know. They look like little open umbrellas? About so big {X} 185: Mushrooms? Interviewer: Yeah. uh is is there something like a mushroom except uh #1 you know you can't eat some of them # 185: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 but # 185: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: is there something by a different name that's bad for you? 185: Um Interviewer: Make you really sick? 185: Well they have toadstools and I've never really known what the difference between a toadstool and a mushroom was. and um we've just always always left them alone Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. I see. Well say if somebody was uh oh had a sore throat and he was trying to eat something. Piece of steak maybe. He might say well I sure would like to but I just can't 185: I just can't swallow it. Interviewer: And these things that people smoke either 185: Cigarettes Interviewer: Or 185: or cigars or pipes. Interviewer: Say uh a lot of people were at a party. perhaps somebody began to play the piano and they all gather around and start 185: Start singing. Interviewer: Or somebody told a funny story, they start 185: Laughing. Interviewer: Uh say if uh somebody offered to do you a favor you might say something like well I sure do appreciate it but I just don't want to anymore. 185: I just don't want Interviewer: to be 185: to be beholden. Interviewer: Beholden yeah. Or anything else you know that mean the same thing pretty much? 185: #1 um # Interviewer: #2 {D: withholding or} # 185: be in debt #1 to. # Interviewer: #2 in debt yeah. # 185: I don't want to owe any woman. Interviewer: What about obligated? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Same thing? 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say if somebody asks you about doing a certain job uh and you would you might well say well sure I 185: Sure I'll do it. Interviewer: Or emphasizing the fact that you are able to you might say sure I 185: Sure I can. Interviewer: And the negative negative of that {X} 185: I can't. Interviewer: Uh say if uh there's a really bad accident on the road somewhere uh you might say well it's really not eh you need to call a doctor because {X} 185: Was dead. Interviewer: Or say if a farmer went out to inspect his corn and uh talking about you know the fact that the corn seems short 185: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 he might say something like well # that's funny. For this time of year it be taller. 185: it ought to be. Interviewer: Or the negative of that. Now you might say about that kid well he got a whipping because he did something he 185: He oughtn't or he shouldn't. Interviewer: Do you use can you remember if you use oughtn't naturally? 185: I u- um not oughtn't. I say ought to be Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: with no trouble. I usually say shouldn't. Interviewer: Yeah yeah. Or speaking of say daring somebody to do something have you ever heard you know the negative of that? Uh I'll I'll dare you to go in that graveyard but I'll bet you 185: You daren't. I've never heard people use it. I've I've read books and they've used it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: But I've I've never heard anybody at home say it. Interviewer: Have you ever heard or read any kind of uh pronunciation for that that was a little different than daren't? 185: No. Interviewer: Ever heard somebody say dassent or read that? 185: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Or you're refusing to do something in a very strong way. You might say well now I don't care how many times you have to do that I just 185: Want Interviewer: Or uh suggesting say the possibility of your being able to do something. You know you're kind of unsure you might think well uh I'm not sure but I could do it. 185: But I might do it. Interviewer: Ever heard anybody say something you know almost the same as that. I I might do it or I might 185: Or I might not. Interviewer: Yeah. I was what I had in mind was uh you know uh the double modal like might could? Hear people use that much? I might could do that for you. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: I've I I've I've I've heard people say might could I think I may have said it occasionally. Interviewer: Yeah. You have more than likely 185: I ima- I imagine so. Interviewer: Me too {D: do I} Let me ask you a few questions about uh different animals. Birds you know these birds that are supposed to be able to see in the dark? Call that 185: An owl? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know the different types? 185: Yeah there's barn owl and brown owl and um that's about all I can think of right now but there's several different types. Interviewer: Barn owl and brown owl. They pretty good sized? 185: Um bar- a barn owl is pretty small and a brown owl is pretty small too. The last brown owl I saw was in there's a vacant lot that's next door to us Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: and um I was walking down the street and I heard this owl and looked over and cou- I couldn't see it {NS} and then he stayed there for a day or two he was just sitting in a tree just roosting there and um daddy came home and said asked us if we knew that there was an owl in the tree, in one of the trees next door, I said {NW} that I'd looked for it and but I couldn't find it and he said yeah it was over there and so we went back out and you could see it. It was a brown owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: It wasn't very high. I guess it was maybe six inches tall. Sort of like in in the crotch of the of the tree and um blended right in. Interviewer: Well it I wondered if that's the same as uh well I'm thinking of a kind of small has a real high-pitched kind of piercing uh sound it makes 185: This wasn't high-pitched and piercing. Interviewer: Ever heard the screech owl? 185: Yeah. Mm-hmm. They're those are at home too Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Cause I I've heard daddy talk about them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh a big one another one that I think about a big one was uh really deep voice you know you hear it night a lot uh 185: I've heard them I've owl that um be out camping along the river I've heard those. I don't know what kind they are though. Interviewer: They're big, brown. Those hoot owls? 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Well this bird that drills holes in trees you call that 185: A woodpecker. Interviewer: Different types or 185: Um the only type we have at home is a red-headed woodpecker. Um there's an ivory-billed woodpecker but I think they're probably extinct by now. Interviewer: Uh you ever heard people refer to a woodpecker by any other 185: As a as a as a #1 pecker-wood. Yeah you said pecker-wood. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah I say pecker-wood. # Terrible. {NS} Do you ever heard a person refer to another person as a pecker-wood? 185: No. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that term at all in that 185: Yeah um I mean {D: the Oh-keys} southern politics right now and he he uses that word as um as politicians referring to people as pecker-woods. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Kind of derogatory uh 185: I I thinks I think he's talking about basically about um about rural people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um I think basically ba- basically the people who who voted for Jean Town and Interviewer: Yeah I see. Well this animal that gives off a powerful odor you know {X} 185: A skunk. Yeah um Our some people who no longer live next door to us um their children brought one home one time and um they really got quite smelly. And um it's against the law in Georgia to have a caged wild animal. So um we called the game warden. He came and and took the skunk away. Interviewer: {NW} Well have you ever heard people call a skunk anything else besides that? 185: I don't think so. Interviewer: No polecat. 185: Oh yeah. Yeah, polecat a lot of times. Interviewer: Same thing? 185: Yeah. And usually more often referred to as a polecat than a skunk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When I was in Arkansas this summer I ran into a a name for it. Actually it was not quite the same. Cinder cat? You ever heard of that? 185: {D: Not a cinder cat, no.} Interviewer: I think there's a slight difference in the way that they look but they both smell bad. Uh any general term say a comprehensive term that you might use to refer to animals like skunks or or weasels or foxes you know animals that would get into your hen roost and get your chickens and I'd say well I'm just gonna get my gun and get rid of those {NS} 185: I can't think of any Interviewer: Heard people use the word varmints? 185: Mm-hmm. But I don't I don't know if they were just specifically referring to those or referring to um to basically all sorts all sorts of animals as varmints. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} There's a little animal that you see around here a lot with a bushy tail, runs around trees 185: A squirrel. Interviewer: Different types? 185: Yeah um {NW} We have um gray squirrels like they have up here. We have fox squirrels too which um have really big bushy tails and are bigger than the gray squirrels and are um a little reddish-colored. And then they'll also have flying squirrels at home which are small and um they have under their front feet they have sort of um flaps of skin so they can sort of form wings when they go flying about Interviewer: Yeah. I've seen a lot of these little animals oh about so long, brown seems that they have dark stripes down their back? They run along the ground mostly 185: #1 Chipmunks. # Interviewer: #2 Chipmunk. # 185: Uh-huh. We don't have those at home. Interviewer: I had never really seen too many of them before I got up here. Uh have you ever heard people call chipmunks 185: Ground squirrels. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} Uh you were talking about fish, freshwater fish, last time what about uh some different types of seafood that are available in stores in Ocilla? 185: Okay well you can get um shrimp and crab and oysters and um mullet sometimes you'll you can get snapper but not too often. Interviewer: {D: like this?} 185: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And then talking about you know fish amphibians whatever, this animal that uh you hear croaking all alone in ponds at night you call that 185: A bullfrog. Interviewer: He's the one with the 185: With the real real deep voice. Interviewer: Well is there a type that usually stays on on dry land? You know you're out in the garden uh 185: Yeah um I don't know if that's a frog or a toad but we always ref- we always just call them frogs. Interviewer: Frogs. What about toads frogs? Is that uh 185: I've heard that used but um Interviewer: Usually toad. 185: Usually a frog. Interviewer: Just frog. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well have you ever seen just these little tiny ones about so big? Uh 185: That are green? Interviewer: Yeah. 185: #1 Yeah they're rain frogs. # Interviewer: #2 Rain frogs. # 185: Uh-huh they usually start going when it rains. Interviewer: Why is that? So 185: I don't know but um they do. And I I can't really I can't really des- describe what they sound like but they they sound different from a bullfrog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: And um they're green like you said and the only times I've ever heard them have been either when it's raining or right after it rained. Interviewer: Yeah yeah. I have had people tell me that it literally that they actually rained from the sky. {NW} 185: I I wouldn't doubt it I wouldn't doubt it. Interviewer: #1 Uh just go out the ground's covered with these little frogs. # 185: #2 these little frogs # Interviewer: {X} Uh uh I should've asked you this the other day when you were talking about different types of freshwater fish but what do uh {D: Sam I am} what do most people use for bait when they go fishing? 185: Um worms sometimes you use crickets um if you're going casting with a rod and reel usually you'll you you um an artificial lure. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Sometimes you'd use cut bait you'll um say catch a fish that you don't want, say it's like a bream and is real small and um you'll just gut him and and cut him into little chunks and use that. Interviewer: Yeah I see. Have you ever used this for {D: Paris bait} when you're going catfishing? 185: Um when we go catfishing um usually we use liver. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Either chicken liver or beef liver. Interviewer: yeah b- 185: Sometimes we'll use mullet. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of this stuff called catfish tripe? 185: Nuh-uh. Interviewer: {X} it's {NW} buy these little cups and you know like uh a yogurt kind of pan 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh it's a all kind of corruption and it's blood tripe and all and it really stinks but you know catfish'll bite it 185: Catfish cat catfish love things like that. Interviewer: {X} Uh you ever heard any particular names for different types of worms you like to use when you're fishing? 185: Um Interviewer: You know live ones? 185: Yeah um usually what if if you buy worms, you go out and buy Louisiana pinks. Um they're real long pink worms and what a lot of people have are um worm beds at their house. I say a lot of people. Not too many anymore. Um we used to have one at my grandmother's at my maternal grandmother's because her husband my grandfather had one and when he died, we just kept it, kept it going and um the tree that the tree that it was around, the roots just finally got so big and there was so many in there that um the worms just left. Interviewer: What about wigglers? Have you ever heard that used? 185: Yeah and they're night crawlers too. And um night crawlers you have to go out into the woods and get them. Not really into the woods, but what you do you go and find out h- you go and find where they are and there's you can always tell because where the hole is there's a little mound of dirt on top, little pellet-shaped dirt. And um there's some way if you take a stick and drive it into the ground and beat on a stick I think that's supposed to to um drive them out but I'm not sure. I'm not I'm not sure if that's the method. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: But there is some way that that you can get them out. Interviewer: Or maybe have a stake uh like you said driven in the ground and drug the lure across the top? 185: #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 185: Yeah probably that too. Interviewer: I think I've heard people call that uh fiddling for them. If you fiddle 185: {NW} Interviewer: {X} What about this animal that has the hard shell you know he can throw in his head for protection 185: A turtle. Interviewer: Yeah. Is there uh different kinds that you 185: Yeah there's um two types that live in water one's a soft-shell turtle because it has a soft shell and another one's a loggerhead and um he's got a real big, thick neck and he's got real powerful mouth and um you have to be real careful because if he bites you he'll probably like wind up taking a finger off Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Um There's also a type of turtle, I guess it's maybe a box turtle that is also in water and we always called it a str- a streaked-y head turtle because his head is green with yellow stripes. Then there's several types of land turtles the m- the one that I'm most familiar with is a big land turtle that we call a gopher. Interviewer: Mm 185: And um I think he probably gets maybe about two and a half feet across. He's about the largest one that I've seen. Interviewer: I see. That uh anything besides gopher for a land turtle that you know of? 185: Um they may be a tortoise. I don't know. But they're always referred to at home as a gopher. Interviewer: Ever heard anybody call one a cooter? 185: Yeah but I'm not sure if that was referred to as um as that or just as turtles in general. Interviewer: Yeah that will {X} any particular terms for one in the you know the ocean, sea call that a 185: That's an ocean turtle or sea turtle. Interviewer: Uh yeah that uh the um loggerhead that you were talking about ever heard anybody call that a snapping turtle? Is that the same thing? 185: I'm not sure if that's the same same thing as a snapping turtle or not. Interviewer: That uh the the {X} uh gopher distinction you know I ran into a a lot of strange looks out west this summer when I told people well back home you know I I call that a gopher #1 oh you totally got that all wrong. I'll tell you what a gopher is. # 185: #2 Yeah. # He he's this little thing that goes burrowing #1 down # Interviewer: #2 yeah # right {X} 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh these things that uh oh some people I believe eat these especially {NS} Louisiana {X} 185: Crawfish. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Crawdads. Um There are those at home too. But um I think they're becoming pretty scarce now. I think all the chemicals the farmers are using are wiping them out. Interviewer: #1 Use those for bait too, can't you? # 185: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. That's that's the what we're used to using them for at home Interviewer: Mm. 185: is for bait. And then we went out to New Orleans and um they're la- all the menus had like crawfish this and crawfish that on it. Interviewer: Yeah. I've never had any to eat. How how were they? 185: Well we had um some in a crawfish pie one time Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: and they were good. Interviewer: Ask you about a few different types of insects you know at night sometimes you see uh a lot of insects flying around lights 185: Lightning bugs. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 185: Fireflies. Interviewer: That flash on 185: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {X} Is that the the same type of of bug? You know a lot of them just seem to congregate around uh a light pole or something like that. Or maybe if there's an exposed light bulb on the porch they just fly in 185: Uh-uh. #1 Uh-uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: you're sure then} # 185: No I'm I'm pretty sure that those aren't the same kind that congregate around around lights. Interviewer: Have any idea of what you might call that type of bug? 185: The one that um we used to refer to them as light bugs um there's some type of moth that congregates around an exposed light. We have those at home. And then there's some other bugs too. But I don't think I I don't think that any of them are lightning bugs. Interviewer: I see. You ever heard people talk about {D: canvil wires} 185: {NW} I've heard that term before. I don't know if I've read it or what but um I have heard the term and I don't know I'm not sure what they are. Interviewer: Well these things that are bad about getting in your clothes and eating holes in them. Those are 185: Moths. Interviewer: Um an insect that you see around on the lights especially when you're fishing {D: maybe with a cane pole} these things can light on your pole you know? 185: Dragonflies? Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Heard people call it anything besides a dragonfly? {NS} 185: It seems like I have Interviewer: Yeah. 185: and I can't remember. Interviewer: What about uh snake doctor? 185: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Or well get back to this uh this insect you know that's bad about stinging you, you're sitting out on your porch and 185: A mosquito. Interviewer: Yeah. What about uh for dragonflies. Mosquito hawks? 185: Yeah. Yeah, that's what I've heard. That's what I've heard. Interviewer: And they're talking about the same thing? 185: I think so, yeah. Interviewer: Heard one called a a snake feeder? 185: No. Interviewer: Any that that term uh snake doctor you said you were f- 185: #1 No, no, not familiar with snake doctor. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Well what about some insects that are are are {X} stinging what's your 185: Oh we have yellow jackets and wasps and bees and there are hornets also um Interviewer: Pretty bad sting. 185: Yeah. Horse flies we have those, they bite. We don't have sand flies. So we're lucky about that {NS} Interviewer: Any you mentioned uh wasps what about this thing to a form of that, just one 185: There's a wasp. Interviewer: Yeah. These uh insects they they don't act- well they're bad about burrowing yeah uh you see them making a ditch. Have you ever going out and walking barefoot and you know #1 {X} # 185: #2 Oh oh a hook worm. # Interviewer: Hook worm? 185: Or a ring worm. Um {NW} we don't have any problem with those any more. Interviewer: Is that the same thing uh well I guess it's not but a red bug might have that same of thing 185: Uh uh red bug is not a hook worm it's not a worm. Red bugs do burrow in and they do they do itch. Interviewer: {NW} 185: But um they're not a- they're not as bad as as a worm, a ring worm or a hook worm is really difficult to kill and get rid of and with a red bug all you have to do is um cut off his oxygen supply Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: which we usually used with um some sort of grease finger nail polish, anything just paint over the area Interviewer: Yeah. 185: and cut off his oxygen supply. Interviewer: Any other term for red bug that you know of? 185: Um chigger. Interviewer: Chigger? 185: But most people at home call them red bugs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Uh one thing I wanted to pick up from your uh dissertation on snakes like that it was good uh coach whip? You ever heard of that? 185: No. Interviewer: Haven't heard of that before. Back to insects these things that you see hopping along in your front yard sometimes you know 185: A grasshopper. Um yeah we have those. Interviewer: Ever heard them called anything besides grasshopper just in general or? 185: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: I want to ask you about you know pecker-wood. #1 That {X} there # 185: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: What about hopper-grass? That familiar to you? 185: No. Interviewer: Or something else that uh uh uh has to do with insects you know these things sometimes they collect inside people's houses in the corners of their ceiling and they have to get a broom and 185: Spiders. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Now what exactly are you referring to when you say spiders? Are you referring to the insect or the thing that uh you know they uh they weave 185: The thing they weave is their web. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Um Interviewer: #1 So you'd say you're {X} # 185: #2 That's a cobweb. # Interviewer: Cobweb. 185: Right but the little animal that weaves it is a spider. Interviewer: Well {NS} is that the same thing uh {NW} #1 spider webs you can have in the corner # 185: #2 yeah you can have # spider webs #1 too # Interviewer: #2 and that's the # #1 same thing I see I said # 185: #2 as a cobweb # Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Outside in front of the bushes or something like that # 185: #2 Mm-hmm yeah. # Interviewer: I see. Or uh uh a type of uh tree that you might uh tap for syrup 185: A maple? Sugar maple? Interviewer: {NW} 185: We don't have those. Interviewer: Well what about if you had a lot of those trees together? You'd call that a maple 185: If it was planted it a an an orchard if um if they were just there naturally you'd probably just refer to it as a grove. Interviewer: A grove. I see. What what about since we're on the topic of trees some of the common trees around Ocilla? 185: Okay. Pine trees are real common um they grow that a lot for lumber and they used to grow they they used to turpentine them a lot but they don't do that much anymore. Um labor's too expensive for one thing. That that's the main thing is that la- is that labor's too expensive for turpentine. Um And it's probably not available anymore either. Um pecan trees um oak trees live oak water oak or black oak um which is also a black jack oak oak and um grows in real sandy areas it's also a scrub oak and is hard wood and almost a {D: studded} tree. Interviewer: Mm 185: Um we have a lot of cypress trees in wet areas and pon- and around ponds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Um willow trees sycamore trees um dogwood trees redbud trees um gum trees um there are maples at home red maples I believe is what they are. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: Um China berry trees um #1 that's about all I can think of. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What about a tree that's fairly common here in the south? I think it's the state tree you know of Mississippi has the #1 the green shiny- yeah # 185: #2 Oh magnolias. # Yeah we have mag- we ha- we have magnolias at home. Interviewer: Yeah I see. Uh you ever heard of any type of of bush that uh has these red berries on it? Uh I think that way back when all the old people would use them in tanned leather in that process. You ever heard anything like that? 185: A holly? Um Interviewer: Or are you familiar with the term shoemake? Or sumac? 185: Um it's at home um it we have poison sumac, sumac, whatever and um that's the only way I'm familiar with it. Interviewer: Mm. I see. Well say uh uh another plant that you know if you get into it'll make your skin break out and itch like crazy 185: Poison ivy or poison el- and and poison elder. Interviewer: And poison what? 185: Poison elder. Interviewer: {D: what is that?} 185: Um elder is in two types. There's white elder that has a white bloom and then there's pink elder. If you ever see elder with with pink blooms, stay away from it because it's poison. And that's also known as thunder wood. Interviewer: Thunder wood. 185: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: where have you heard that?} 185: I've heard my mother refer to it as thunder wood before. Interviewer: Why thunder do you say? 185: I don't know why thunder wood. I don't know if it's if it's Indian derivation or what. Interviewer: Hmm. Interesting. Is uh well do you have anything like #1 poison oak or have you ever heard of uh # 185: #2 Yeah. # Poison oak is at home. We have poison ivy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 And same effect as the {X} # 185: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 185: #2 Mm-hmm. # Only I think poison elder is probably about twice as worse as any of the others. Interviewer: Yeah. One thing I wanted to go back and pick up that you mentioned is you said something grows you know the past of that you'd say yesterday 185: It it grew Interviewer: And 185: and it has grown. Interviewer: Uh and when you were talking about berries a minute ago I don't think you mentioned this type but it's a berry you know {D: with so shape} with you're having shortcake uh uh 185: Strawberries. Interviewer: Yeah. 185: Yeah. Interviewer: Where do they grow? 185: They grow at home. People usually um just grow them in the garden for their own use. Interviewer: I see. You ever heard of any types of uh flowering bushes that bloom preferably in the spring? 185: Azaleas? We have those um that's primarily the main flowering bush Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 185: there is at home. Interviewer: {NW} 185: There are others that but I I can't think of right now. Interviewer: Any type of laurel? 185: Yeah um we have crepe myrtle and those grow those bloom in the summer. Interviewer: Mm. I see. 185: We have those. Interviewer: You ever heard of mountain laurel? 185: Yeah. Um I've seen that {NS} um we brought some home and had it in the backyard for about fifteen years and it finally died this past year. The drought got it. Interviewer: Mm. 185: We kept watering it and watering it and um well we didn't realize that it was in in the sad shape that it was until it was pretty much too late then. Interviewer: Mm. 185: And it went ahead and died. But um we had it like I said for about fifteen years and it did bloom and grow. It didn't do real well but it did survive for about fifteen years. Interviewer: {X} Any rhododendrons? 185: Um rhododendron and mountain laurel are basically the same thing and the azaleas at home are a form of rhododendron. Interviewer: I see. We'll take a break #1 in just twenty-five minutes # 185: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Say I'll ask you about uh some family relationships say uh if someone asks your mother who uh {NS} Interviewer: Yeah I was going to ask you about family relationships say if someone asked your mother who you know the fellow was she's married to she'd say that's my 185: That's my husband Interviewer: And he would say that's my 185: Wife Interviewer: What about a woman whose husband has died you'd call her a 185: She's a widow Interviewer: Any can you think of any particular term maybe for a a woman whose husband hasn't died but he just left her something that she might be called 185: Um a divorcee after a divorce Interviewer: Yeah what what about if that's not the case he just up and gone 185: Um I don't what if there's any special term you just say that oh {NW} So and so well you know he left Interviewer: {NW} That's one way to get it around yeah you ever heard of the term grass widow 185: Oh yeah yeah Interviewer: That's what it means 185: Um I don't know if that I'm not I'm not sure what it means but my father's ref- um Has has used the term grass widow Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I asked a fellow about that I rarely get an explanation he said he thought it had something to do with an expression you know the grass is greener on the other side took of f 185: I think so because um My father sometimes differentiates between a grass widow and a side widow {NW} And I said well what do you mean by side widow {NW} And he said well her husband's dead And so Yeah Interviewer: {NW} That's good what did uh what did you call your father 185: Daddy Interviewer: Daddy 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And your mother 185: Is mama Interviewer: You say your grandparents what did you call them 185: Okay my Paternal grandparents were grandpappy And granny My maternal grandparents {NW} Are Mamimi And grandpa Interviewer: Mamimi 185: Yeah um {NW} It's spelled M-A-M-I-M-I And She got that name When her oldest grandson Um who's In his thirties now {NW} Was trying to pronounce grandmother Or grandmama I'm not sure which one {NW} And it came out that way he could never say grandmother or grandmama {NW} It came out Mamimi And um he kept calling her that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And um So she's been that ever since then Interviewer: Mm yeah yeah my paternal grandmother was mamaw I guess that was the uh combination of grandma and uh grandma and something I don't that was whatever it was say uh have you ever heard a name that uh a child was known by just within his family they give him a little 185: A little nickname Mm-hmm Interviewer: Pet name 185: A pet name or a family name Interviewer: That would be the same 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Yeah I see and this thing that you put a baby in you know it has wheels and it can lie down 185: A car- a baby carriage Interviewer: Yeah what would you say you were doing if you were putting the baby in the carriage and going out 185: And you are You stroll the baby Interviewer: Stroll the baby 185: Yeah Interviewer: Say uh if a if a man or a uh a couple had children say one was twenty and one was about fifteen another eleven something like that talking about in terms of being grown up you'd say the one who's twenty is the 185: Is um The oldest {NW} And then there's the middle child then there's the youngest and who's sometimes called the least child Interviewer: The least child I see or if you wanted to use that expression growing up in the description again talking about the one who's twenty you'd say he's the 185: He's the grown one Interviewer: Or maybe the the most grown up or 185: Mm-hmm yeah something like that Interviewer: Anybody say the grown-up-est 185: {NW} Um I think so I I think I I I I've heard someone say grown-up-est Interviewer: Yeah say one's children and has some uh sons and the 185: And the daughters Interviewer: Or the boys and the 185: Girls Interviewer: A woman who is uh about to have a baby you say she's 185: She's pregnant Or she's expecting Interviewer: Can you think of anything else that you might have heard besides pregnant or expecting maybe used uh uh jokingly or something like that to describe her condition 185: In the family way Interviewer: In the family way 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh something like uh one fellow that told me uh well she's {X} You ever heard something like that 185: Mm-mm Interviewer: Got a cake in the oven 185: A bun in the oven Interviewer: {NW} Say uh way back when uh if a doctor wasn't available to deliver 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: A woman that might be called in 185: Would Would be a midwife Interviewer: Any other term for midwife 185: Maybe a granny woman Interviewer: Yeah now this expression say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father and maybe his nose is shaped just about the same 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You say that he his father 185: Looks just like Resembles Interviewer: Yeah 185: Favors Interviewer: Would takes after be used 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Takes after 185: I I I think takes after could be yeah Interviewer: Or say a woman that's looked after three children until they're grown up you'd say that she's three children 185: She's raised three children Interviewer: Any besides raised uh 185: I can't think of any Interviewer: Reared 185: Yeah she's reared three children Interviewer: I see or say to a child who's misbehaving you might say if you do that again I'm going to give you a good 185: A good whipping Or a good spanking Interviewer: Is that the same thing 185: Yeah They both hurt Interviewer: Yeah right or a child that's uh born to an unmarried woman common term would be 185: Um he's a bastard Interviewer: Anything besides that that you've ever heard 185: Um he's illegitimate Um I think they'd probably refer to him In public or among each other as as not knowing his father Interviewer: Yeah 185: And then when {NW} Then when they got down to to to to the nitty-gritties bastard would be rolled out Interviewer: Yeah woods colt have you ever heard 185: No Interviewer: What about a volunteer 185: No Although that is very good Interviewer: {X} Say uh you made this expression in comparing children somebody might say something like well now Jane is a loving child but Peggy's a lot 185: A lot loving-er or more loving Interviewer: Or say if uh if your brother had a son that son would be your 185: My nephew Interviewer: And uh oh a child you know who's uh both his parents have died say he was 185: He's an orphan Interviewer: And the person appointed to look after him would be 185: His guardian Interviewer: Or say if your house was full of people like your oh your aunts and your uncles you know uh and you'd say your house is full of your 185: Is full of your of your kin or your relatives Interviewer: Anything besides kin 185: Your family Interviewer: People around here say kinfolks 185: Yeah Mm-hmm They do um Usually they say family more than kinfolks You hear kinfolks occasionally Interviewer: Well say this expression if somebody's told you about someone who looks a lot like you you might say well that might very well be but actually I'm no 185: I'm no kin Interviewer: How would you describe someone who comes into town no one's ever seen him before you'd say he's a 185: He's a stranger Interviewer: Or somebody from another country you'd say he 185: He's a foreigner Interviewer: You ever heard of that word foreigner used to describe somebody not necessarily from another country 185: I don't know Um {NW} I'm not really sure um there haven't been that many people who have moved into town Interviewer: Yeah I was sometimes people use that synonymous you know with stranger 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: He might be you know just down the road 185: Thirty miles away Interviewer: {X} Uh a few uh common well proper names really going to ask you about for people's first names uh you know the the name of the mother of Jesus in the Bible her name was 185: Mary Interviewer: And Washington's wife was 185: Martha Interviewer: You remember that old song oh wait until the sunshine 185: Nelly Interviewer: And uh oh uh a boy named William might be given this name you know they call him for short 185: Bill Interviewer: Or 185: Will Interviewer: And the male goat's sometimes called a 185: Billy Interviewer: Um a man's first name beginning with M uh in the Bible the gospels Mark Luke John and 185: Matthew Interviewer: Ever heard any uh particular names for in general for a woman who teaches school 185: School teacher Interviewer: Maybe something that's old fashioned 185: Um schoolmarm Or school ma'am Interviewer: Do you actually ever hear that 185: No I've never heard it Interviewer: Say uh do you remember the American novelist nineteenth century who wrote the leather stocking tales 185: James Fenimore Cooper Interviewer: Yeah how would you address a married woman who had that last name that's 185: Misses Cooper Interviewer: Say a a preacher who's really not trained to be a preacher really not very 185: He's received the call Interviewer: {NW} Yeah okay have you ever heard of any any say designation for somebody like that besides saying he's received the call that he's just an old like I said not very good at it does something else for a living probably not too confident he's just an old 185: There is and I can't think of it I can't think of it and It's not It's a phrase Interviewer: Yeah 185: And I and I can't think of it right now Interviewer: Is it a 185: Yeah Yeah That's it Interviewer: You hear that 185: {NW} Um Usually only refer Usually only in family discussions {NW} After all if you talk to the wrong person you might you might insult one of {X} Interviewer: {NW} {X} Can you have a a jack leg anything else 185: Oh yeah you can have a jack leg lawyer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And um Probably even jack leg doctor Interviewer: Yeah 185: But um Um Usually a jack leg preacher I have heard {NW} Some lawyers referred to as jack legs Interviewer: What about any particular expressions like that for mechanics uh that might not be particularly good 185: {NW} Not for mechanics Um At least I've never heard of them Because most of the mechanics at home are pretty they've Interviewer: Yeah 185: They've been tinkering with cars all their life And so they finally turned out to be pretty good at it Interviewer: I was wondering about shade tree mechanic have you ever heard that 185: No Interviewer: No shade tree mechanic 185: {NW} I like that Interviewer: Shade tree uh getting back to a few names a woman's first name begins with the letter S uh Abraham's wife in the Bible 185: Sarah Interviewer: And if your father had a brother named William that would be your 185: My Uncle Bill Interviewer: Or your uncle 185: Will or William Interviewer: And if you had one named John that would be your 185: Uncle John Interviewer: Uh Robert E Lee uh his rank was 185: He was a general Interviewer: And by the way that particular people refer to that where you're from as 185: As the civil war Interviewer: Any other name 185: Well the U-D-C insists that it be referred to as the war between the states Interviewer: {NW} 185: We have a real good U-D-C woman at home she is just really nothing but absolute bat Interviewer: {NW} Really up on her high horse 185: Really um See okay see Jeff Davis got captured at Irwinville Which is about fifteen miles from Ocilla {NW} And the state used to have a park there that was Jefferson Davis State Park {NW} And um When George Busbee decided to economize our expenditures and government {NW} Um he decided that some of these state parks were just a useless waste of money they was putting about thirty thousand dollars a year to keep it going with Groundskeeper {NW} Maybe Security guard all the and Keeping up the grounds and everything and paying the lights and water {NW} And So there was that and it was ma- it it was taking in something around maybe twenty-five hundred dollars a year {NW} There was that {NW} Also {NW} Our state senator and our Representatives both made the um Mistake of back of backing Lester Maddox {NW} So uh George had political debts to pay also {NW} And um so he announced the department of natural resources would save thirty thousand dollars by closing down Jefferson Davis State Park {NW} So A group of concerned citizens from the county consisting of the um County commission chairman and a couple of others and like {NW} Um This real good Daughter of the confederacy went up {NW} And she finally got down on her knees At George Busbee's feet and just begged him not Not to close it and there was a picture in the paper at home of that {NW} Interviewer: {X} 185: Yes But see in like in supplication from George {NW} And the thing about it is is that her husband is one of the bankers at home {NW} And everyone really likes him and thinks an awful lot of him but her no Interviewer: The fanatic 185: Really Interviewer: Yeah I read these little write ups just for the fun of it that's always the same thing out in a meeting and they're saluting the confederate flag {NW} That'd just be a howl to go to one of those things uh have you ever heard anybody refer to the civil war uh as anything besides that the war between the states or is that about it 185: Um I've heard it jokingly referred to as the war of northern aggression Interviewer: You're the first person who's ever responded to that without having it suggested to them that's interesting back home 185: Um No the person that Um I first heard it referred to was was from a girl from Nashville Tennessee who was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Here at school was a history major {NW} And um We were taking new south together that's one of Doctor Carter's courses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And um We were just jokingly sitting around a group of us {NW} Talking about the wars being the cause and all this other good stuff and um {NW} That was the first time I had ever heard it referred to as the war of northern aggression Interviewer: Well getting back to ranks general whatever the old gentleman who peddles Kentucky Fried Chicken he's the 185: He's the colonel Interviewer: Yeah 185: {NW} Lawyers at home are also referred to as colonels Interviewer: Hmm why is that 185: Um {NW} Well supposedly they were all colonels In the c- in the um civil war That no lawyer who went to war had a rank of less than colonel Interviewer: Hmm 185: And so As um out of Some sort of funny notion of respect Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: They're referred to as colonels {NW} This is beginning to change Um The lawyers at home now Some people refer to them as colonel as colonel so and so {NW} But generally they they just refer to them as Mister so and so or by their first name Interviewer: That is interesting I have never run across that before and say the rank of a of a man who's in charge of a ship he would be the 185: The captain Interviewer: And uh the man who presides over the county court that's 185: That's the judge Interviewer: And someone well you know like us who's going to school or goes to college he's a 185: A student Interviewer: And a woman who would do the boss's typing take care of his mail that sort of thing she's a 185: The secretary Interviewer: Uh say uh you know a man who appears uh in movies or on stage whatever he would be an actor but a woman is 185: An actress Interviewer: And our nationality we are 185: Americans Interviewer: And uh uh years ago in the south used to have separate facilities for the two races one for the 185: Blacks Interviewer: And 185: One for the whites Interviewer: Any idea of what uh well you said blacks do you suppose that's what they would prefer to be called nowadays 185: That's what they would prefer to be called nowadays um {NW} My parents {NW} Started me out the nice term was to refer to them as colored people Um the not nice term was of course nigger And um Now I just basically started calling everyone black because That's what {NW} Is currently accepted {NW} Um But for years we always referred to them as colored people Interviewer: Have you ever heard anyone use in any situation back home any other insulting terms other than nigger that you can think of 185: Not that I can think of no Interviewer: What about coon 185: Yeah And crow too Interviewer: Crow what about burrhead 185: Yeah Interviewer: You've heard 185: Yeah I've heard burrhead Interviewer: Okay um say uh this situation if a white man were really angry with another white man 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Can you think of any term that he might use uh insultingly or have or that would have something you know racial about it 185: Um Interviewer: White man to another 185: You could call him a nigger lover Interviewer: Nigger lover 185: Um The {NW} The possibilities are infinite there Interviewer: {NW} 185: That's the one That pops into my to my mind immediately Um You could say that he had a black ancestor around somewhere Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Um That's those are the first two things that I that I can immediately think of Interviewer: Well what about a black man's terms that he might use insultingly in talking about a white man 185: Oh He would Well now he he he would refer to them as honkies Interviewer: Honky 185: Whitey Interviewer: Whitey the term uh are there any other terms that you can think of off the top of your head that would be associated with white people in um any form or fashion that might be considered sometimes a derogatory expression 185: Those are the two that I'm most familiar with there are probably probably others that I just don't know Interviewer: Do you ever hear the word cracker used 185: {NW} Um No Interviewer: Do you have any conception of what somebody would mean if he used that 185: Yeah um A poor white farmer Interviewer: I see well say uh somebody you know sometimes people come into town where I'm from usually on the weekends from way back out where you know 185: Right Interviewer: Usually pretty conspicuous 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You ever heard people tease them you know call them anything in particular 185: {NW} I've never heard them being teased Interviewer: Have you ever heard any term at all or do you know of any so and so he's just an old 185: And old hick maybe but um Why I I've I I I've I've never heard anyone Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: That that's happened to Interviewer: Yeah do people ever say uh hoosier you old country hoosier 185: No Interviewer: Haven't heard of that or say uh uh a child that's born to racially mixed parents have you ever heard any terms for a child like that 185: It'd be a mulatto um Maybe a {X} Interviewer: Or any terms for say uh if I were working or maybe a lower class white man what might he call the man that he works for say if he were a laborer the man that he works for he might call him his 185: His boss Um His not re- he wouldn't really call him his employer his boss was boss man Interviewer: Would uh would a black's term be any different 185: {NW} I wouldn't think so I think it'd be {NW} Um the black would probably refer to him as um Just say boss But Bla- the white man would either say {NW} Say mister So and so is his last name or just call him say um Mister {D: auto} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Using his first name Interviewer: I see ever heard if blacks use captain there cap 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Word for him 185: Mm-hmm I ha- I've heard I've heard a few old people Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Um Use captain Interviewer: Say podunk have you ever heard that used to describe a person he's so podunk or he's from podunk 185: Mm-hmm Usually he's from podunk Podunk U or That sort of thing that's what we used to call the high school Interviewer: {X} What say this expression if it's if it's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well it's not quite but it's 185: Just about Interviewer: Anything else that you might say there it's just about or it's 185: It's Almost Interviewer: Or say if you're trying to walk on ice over ground something like that you might say well that ice was hard to walk on I managed to keep my balanced but I fell down two or three times 185: I almost Interviewer: Or say if somebody is uh is uh waiting on you to get ready so that you can go somewhere he might call out to you say aren't you ready yet you might say well just hold your horses I'll be with you in 185: Just a minute Interviewer: Or if you want to know the the distance say and travel to a particular place you might ask somebody well how 185: How far is Interviewer: Or if you're trying to point out something in the room to me and I'm just looking all around here I just can't see it and it's in plain sight you might say well 185: There it is Interviewer: Mm-hmm or maybe 185: It's over there or it's right there Interviewer: Or look here 185: Mm-hmm Yeah look here Interviewer: You ever heard people use that expression if they were provoked with somebody you know maybe a young child you might say now look here 185: Yeah I've heard I've I I've heard them use it as As that Interviewer: Or if you want to know how many times about something you'd ask well how 185: How many Interviewer: Or or how say if something is habitual how 185: How long Interviewer: Or if you if this person goes to town so many times a week I might ask well how 185: How often Interviewer: Or say I say something like uh well I'm not going to vote for for Ford for president if you agree with me you might say well am I 185: Neither am I Interviewer: A few parts of the body that I want to ask you about this part right up here you call that 185: That's your forehead Interviewer: And uh this is your 185: Hair Interviewer: You let it grow out you're growing a 185: A beard Interviewer: Heard people call it anything else 185: Besides a beard No Interviewer: Whiskers 185: Oh yeah whiskers Interviewer: And this is my 185: That's your ear Interviewer: This one is my reoriented 185: It's your left ear Interviewer: And that's 185: Your right ear Interviewer: And this is my whole thing 185: Your face Interviewer: Somebody'll bust you in the 185: In the mouth Interviewer: And uh this part right here talking about people might break their 185: Their neck Interviewer: Mm-hmm and right here this is your 185: Your throat Interviewer: I know you can't see mine but some people in some people it's pretty prominent 185: Their Adam's apple Interviewer: Yeah yeah heard that called anything besides Adam's apple 185: I don't think so Interviewer: Goozle have you ever heard that 185: {NW} I've heard goozle but I've never really known what they were referring to Interviewer: Say uh just one of these that's a 185: A tooth Interviewer: And you 185: Teeth Interviewer: And the fleshy part around them 185: Your Gums Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh this is your 185: Hand Interviewer: And you have two 185: Two hands Interviewer: And if I make a 185: A fist Interviewer: {X} 185: Fists Interviewer: So this part 185: The palm Interviewer: Sometimes when people get older you might hear them complain that oh they got stiff aching 185: Joints Interviewer: And the upper part of a man's body that would be 185: His chest Interviewer: And these are your 185: Shoulders Interviewer: This is my right 185: Leg Interviewer: Yeah that's my 185: Right foot Interviewer: You got two 185: Two feet Interviewer: Now this part right here 185: That's your shin Interviewer: Yeah this any particular name for this part you know from right about here to here you might say you're squatting down 185: I can't think of any Interviewer: And what about that that term if you have to get down like this you usually say you're 185: I've got to squat Interviewer: Squat 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Anything besides uh squat down 185: Kneel Interviewer: Kneel 185: But kneel you're usually on your knees Interviewer: You ever heard somebody say hunker down 185: No Interviewer: Dig a hole or something like that 185: No Interviewer: What about haunches 185: Yeah Interviewer: Part of the body is that the part that I was describing 185: I think probably so Interviewer: Call that your haunches or say somebody who's been sick for a while but he's up and around now you might say something like well old so and so is up and about now but he still looks a little bit 185: A little bit um {NW} Probably say poor Interviewer: Little bit poor 185: Mm-hmm a little bit Little bit sick not real good Interviewer: Ever heard anybody say peaked 185: Mm-hmm My grandmother said peaked Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about puny 185: Yeah Puny Interviewer: Or poorly 185: Or poorly yeah Interviewer: Or say that a man a man who's able to lift very heavy weights you say he's very 185: He's very strong Interviewer: Okay besides that 185: Um Not referring to his ability to lift weights I wouldn't think so Interviewer: You ever heard anybody use the word stout in that context 185: Not in that context stout {NS} More Heavy set And and fat not Not necessarily as far as being able to lift heavy things Interviewer: Yeah I see or say uh somebody who always seems to have a smile on his face just never loses his temper you say he's mighty 185: Mighty happy Mighty calm Interviewer: Uh what about good natured 185: Yeah mighty good natured Interviewer: Or you know sometimes when boys reach a certain age it seems that they just bump everything just trip over their own feet and all that you say he's 185: He's clumsy Interviewer: Or maybe clumsy or uh uh awkward 185: Awkward yeah Interviewer: For that or someone I know a lot of people like this uh people who just keep on doing things that don't make any sense at all you just say he's 185: Stupid {NS} Hard headed Interviewer: Does hard headed carry with it any other specific uh you know intent 185: {NW} Hard headed um Stupid is just dumb I always think but hard headed is more like well {NW} You did it once and it didn't work And you're going to do it twice and it doesn't work so you're so so by now you're on about your fifth or sixth try it still isn't working Hard headed and stubborn are about the same Interviewer: Any other kind of headed besides hard headed that would work there 185: I can't think of anything Interviewer: Mule headed 185: Yeah mm-hmm I've heard mule headed my Grandfather's used that term Interviewer: Bull headed 185: Bull headed mm-hmm He was describing one of his grandchildren that way Interviewer: {NW} 185: Think it was me Interviewer: What about the word fool there would that be appropriate somebody who just keeps doing stupid things the word would be plain fool 185: {NW} Not if they knew not if there was a reason for them doing what they were doing A fool I u- I usually think of as Along the same lines as stupid as As not being {NW} Not really quite Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: But um A little dumb and and and no good reason To have done what you were supposed to do or or you knew better And did it anyway it'd be foolish But um If there was some good reason For you to be keep To be continually doing it I I wouldn't say that fool would apply there Interviewer: Would that be a pretty strong word 185: Yeah Interviewer: If you called somebody a fool 185: Yeah Interviewer: {X} 185: Pretty close Interviewer: Say someone who has a lot of money and likes to hang onto it you'd say he's an old 185: Tightwad Yeah you up and up and there's one man in town {NW} I've heard it was said that every time he opened his wallet a moth flew out Interviewer: {NW} That's pretty bad if you were to use the word common about somebody uh what would you mean by that 185: That they were common Um That they um Weren't real high class didn't have a whole lot of social standing Um It's it's is it it's basically Depending on It's basically a derogatory term Interviewer: If I my grandmother had good context for that was unmistakable said oh alright she's just common {X} Put it in the right 185: That put that that that puts it pretty close to what it is Interviewer: Would you ever use that term when describing somebody uh who you thought as just an average ordinary person 185: I wouldn't no Um Common you usually I I usually associate with someone Who considers himself To be high class Referring to other people Interviewer: Yeah I see well say uh an elderly person maybe a woman who's in her nineties but she still had people to look after herself do all the cooking that sort of thing you might say well I don't care how old she is she's still mighty 185: She's still mighty bright mighty alert Mighty capable Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody say something like well so and so is still mighty spry 185: Yeah Yeah still mighty spry Interviewer: Or say if um a woman's children are out late at night uh and uh she might say something like well I don't suppose they did anything wrong but I just can't help feeling a little 185: A little troubled A little worried Interviewer: Yeah or you wouldn't say she feels easy about it you'd say 185: She feels uneasy Interviewer: Or a person who say a child who doesn't want to go upstairs in the dark you say he's 185: He's scared Interviewer: Anything besides scared 185: He's afraid of the dark Um frightened Interviewer: Any particular terms for a child who frightens very easily 185: A fraidy cat Interviewer: A fraidy cat the uh uh oh say a person who leaves a lot of money out in plain sight leaves his door unlocked you'd say he was awfully 185: Awfully dumb Interviewer: Yeah 185: He's um Awfully brave Interviewer: Brave or 185: Awfully foolish Um Interviewer: He's not careful with it 185: He's careless Interviewer: Say uh I might have an Aunt Lizzy say there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy it's just that every now and then she acts a little 185: A little strange Interviewer: {NW} 185: A little batty Interviewer: Yeah yeah yeah 185: I have an aunt like that Interviewer: Is that 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Maybe the old arteries are going 185: Yeah the arteries are going in a hurry Interviewer: Would nowadays or whenever can you recall people ever using the word queer in that context 185: Mm-hmm my grand my grandmother uses it {NW} In that context and um You have to like shift in and out of a generational difference Interviewer: Yeah 185: And um She uses gay also {NW} And so and so it seemed rather gay today Interviewer: {NW} 185: You know I Interviewer: {NW} 185: I was there with my brother and his wife And we just would have looked at each other like Interviewer: {NW} Wonder if there's any way of tactfully 185: Explaining that I don't think so I don't think so Interviewer: If you were to use that word queer you would 185: I I'd be referring to a homosexual Interviewer: When you were talking of gay 185: The same thing Interviewer: Say a a a person or somebody you just can't joke with them without him losing his temper you'd say he's mighty 185: He's mighty short tempered mighty hot headed Interviewer: Would people be likely to say touchy there he's kind of a touchy fellow 185: Yeah Mm-hmm Interviewer: Use that one 185: Could be used there Interviewer: Do you hear that much now and then 185: Um Not too much I don't think Interviewer: Hmm probably less so than what you mentioned 185: Yeah Interviewer: Or say somebody like that uh you might say well I was just kidding I didn't know he'd get 185: He'd get mad Interviewer: Again somebody like that if they're about to lose their temper you don't want them to you might say well now just 185: Just cool it just cool off Just hold it Calm down Interviewer: Yeah or say somebody's been working all day at the end of the day you say he's 185: He's mighty tired Interviewer: Or if he were you know extremely tired you'd say he's all 185: Exhausted Interviewer: Anything besides that exhausted or uh something that might mean the same thing 185: Um I've heard I've heard it said of small children when they've been playing all day then they get through it they're all tuckered out Interviewer: All tuckered out yeah worn out 185: Yeah worn out Interviewer: Pooped 185: Yeah Pooped Interviewer: Shot 185: Shot Interviewer: There are a lot of good ones for that destroyed 185: Yes Interviewer: {X} 185: {X} With a T Interviewer: Yeah right say uh if you hear somebody's in the hospital uh you might say something like well he was looking fine yesterday when was it he 185: He got sick Interviewer: Or say uh this expression if you were going somewhere and you weren't in any particular hurry to get there you might say oh we'll get there 185: Sooner or later Interviewer: Ever heard anybody use the expression by and by to mean that 185: Mm-hmm I have Interviewer: Uh say somebody who got you know overheated and they chilled and his eyes started watering and his nose running you'd say he 185: He's got a cold Interviewer: Or uh if it affected his voice you know say I'm just a little bit 185: Little bit hoarse Interviewer: And if I do that I've got a 185: A cold a sore throat a cough Interviewer: Or I might say well I better go to bed I'm feeling a little bit 185: Sleepy Interviewer: But at seven o clock in the morning I'll 185: Be wide awake Interviewer: Or talking about another person who's still sleeping you might say well better go 185: Wake him up Interviewer: Say if uh uh if I wanted to send you to somebody else with a package or something like this I might ask you will you please this to so and so 185: Take this Interviewer: And the past of that would be 185: I took it Interviewer: And I have 185: Taken it Interviewer: And if somebody who uh just about can't hear anything at all you'd say he's stone 185: Deaf Interviewer: You get out in the hot sun start working it's not long before you begin to 185: Sweat Interviewer: Anything besides that 185: Mm-mm Interviewer: Do you ever hear anybody say perspire 185: No you always sweat In south Georgia in the summer you sweat Interviewer: Do dainty old ladies ever say sweat little old ladies with blue hair 185: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 185: Speaking of little old ladies with blue hair that that's one thing my my mother always wanted was a blue rinse on her hair Interviewer: {NW} 185: And now they're out of fashion {NW} I don't think little old gentile ladies sweat Interviewer: Yeah well I 185: At worst at at most they might perspire or get a little warm Interviewer: Yeah right I I found out a distinction when I was in Arkansas lady told me that horses sweat men perspire and ladies glistened so 185: Oh Interviewer: Might inform some people {X} That ever comes up sometimes these places some people get on their skin they usually have kind of little kind of white dot in the middle kind of red mash them you know get that stuff out 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Call that 185: That's a hickey Interviewer: A hickey 185: Or a pimple Interviewer: Anything besides that uh that you might have heard them called {X} What do you say you do to water when you bring it to its 185: A boil Interviewer: Yeah 185: Yeah they can be boils Interviewer: And that stuff that I was talking about the white stuff 185: Pus Interviewer: Or say if somebody got uh bit on their finger you'd say it began to 185: To swell Interviewer: The past of that yesterday it 185: It swelled Interviewer: And it's 185: It's been swollen or it swelled Interviewer: Yeah uh these blisters that some people get on their hand do you have any idea what that stuff inside 185: The liquid the fluid Interviewer: What do people call that 185: Water I think Interviewer: Or say if uh somebody accidentally got shot or stabbed you might take him to the doctor so that the doctor could treat the 185: The wound Interviewer: You ever heard you know if a place like that didn't heal cleanly you might get some kind of white flaky flesh forming around have you ever heard that called any kind of flesh in particular 185: Proud flesh Interviewer: Proud flesh 185: Mm-hmm Um Interviewer: Was it accurate what I was describing 185: I think so Um That's a term from my grandmother's generation proud flesh Um I heard our doctor refer to it as proud flesh I think that's what he was talking about I don't know {NW} My brother got his Foot cut one time One summer And it tried to get infected And he referred to something as proud flesh Interviewer: Uh and this stuff if you had a cut you might get it out of your medicine cabinet and put it on it to prevent infection kind of brown liquid 185: Some mercurochrome Interviewer: Yeah that 185: Or some iodine Interviewer: Yeah and this stuff that people used to take for malaria you know a white bitter powder 185: Quinine Interviewer: What's that 185: Quinine Interviewer: Never seen it 185: I've never seen it either We always Drink gin and tonic for that Interviewer: {NW} Uh talking about say someone who died can you think of any other expression joking or otherwise that you've heard old so and so finally 185: Kicked the bucket um Blacks always say that somebody passed Interviewer: Passed 185: Uh-huh We say that they passed on That they've gone to their reward Interviewer: Uh what about uh so and so cast in his chips 185: Yeah Interviewer: Heard that 185: Yeah cashed in his chips Interviewer: I heard one fellow tell me told me he had been iced 185: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 185: Very interesting term Interviewer: Yeah uh one I haven't quite figured out he {X} 185: Uh-uh Interviewer: Neither have I 185: No I don't either Interviewer: Say somebody who's who's been dead you might say well so and so been dead a week now nobody has yet figured out what he 185: What he died of Interviewer: And the place that people are buried you call that 185: That's the cemetery {NW} Um Sometimes it's referred to as the burying ground Interviewer: What about graveyard 185: The graveyard yeah Interviewer: Would it make any difference what you called it if it were a say just a private place 185: It Interviewer: Maybe out in the country 185: It'd be it'd be their family cemetery the family burying ground family burial ground Interviewer: And uh the the box that the body is placed 185: Is the coffin Interviewer: And besides that 185: Um No Interviewer: The casket 185: Oh yeah the casket Yeah Interviewer: And the uh 185: Casket is used more often than coffin Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see well say uh I don't know if it's done too much nowadays but uh people at a funeral who are dressed in black you say they're in 185: They're in mourning Interviewer: This expression say if somebody just met you on the street on an average day and asked you how you're feeling what would you probably say 185: I'm fine Interviewer: Or uh uh when people get older they complain that uh their joints are stiff and aching they say got a little touch of 185: A little touch of arthritis Interviewer: Anything besides that 185: Um Sometimes it's pronounced arthritis Interviewer: Arthritis 185: And rheu- and um rheumatism Or the {D: rheumatis} Interviewer: The {D: rheumatis} is that the same thing as the misery ever heard that 185: I've heard of the miseries but I don't know what the miseries are Interviewer: {X} Say this uh you don't hear about this disease too much anymore but children used to die of it they get sores you know in their throat wouldn't be able to breathe it would kind of strangle them 185: Diphtheria Interviewer: Or another disease that causes your skin to turn yellow 185: Oh jaundice Interviewer: Just just jaundice for that have you ever heard anything 185: Um Yellow jaundice Interviewer: Or say if if somebody were getting a very severe pain right around here they'd probably be having a 185: Appendicitis {NS} Interviewer: Or if somebody ate something that disagreed with them and came back up you'd say he had to 185: He had to throw up or he had to vomit Interviewer: Any uh less gentile expressions for that that you can recall 185: Less gentile Interviewer: More on the crude side 185: Um he had to barf Interviewer: He had to barf uh 185: Had to puke Interviewer: Puke yeah yeah there are some good ones for that too can you think of anything else for that 185: He had to urp Interviewer: To urp 185: Yeah Interviewer: {X} 185: Had to heave Interviewer: {NW} These are all so terrific 185: Very descriptive Interviewer: Right yeah uh that lady in Arkadelphia she said she was kind of she was in I guess late forties or something like that when she was in college and I guess it was the fifties she said for that uh somebody had too much to drink they had to go flash 185: Yeah Interviewer: You've heard 185: Yeah I've heard that but um {NW} And I've heard it referred to As having to um As when you've had Too much to drink {NW} But it's a frat term Interviewer: Hmm 185: I'd pick it up over at the Chi Phi house here Yeah Interviewer: That's interesting I wonder what the association it's had with a fraternity I should have asked if she were in a sorority I guess 185: You know I don't know that it's a fraternity term but that's where I first heard it Interviewer: That's interesting well someone like that you say he's sick where 185: In the to the stomach or sick on his stomach Interviewer: What do you use naturally do you have any idea so and so what or I'm sick 185: I just say I'm sick Interviewer: Just sick 185: Yeah Interviewer: Say uh oh these in uh you're in grammar school taking traditional grammar to indicate future they'd always distinguish between these modals or helping verbs they'd call them 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: First person you're always supposed to say something and the rest of them you said something else do you know what I'm talking about to indicate future time 185: Will and will be and all those Interviewer: Yeah 185: Okay Interviewer: So you say he will go but I you guys must have used will for I first person 185: I shall Interviewer: Yeah 185: I shall yeah Interviewer: Do you ever use that naturally 185: Um Probably not Probably not I usually {NW} I find myself that um When I consciously pay attention to what I'm saying I tend to be Pretty Strict about the grammar things like that And I I know that sometimes I will consciously use shall Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: But I think that I usually use will Interviewer: Mm-hmm or contracted I'll 185: Yeah Mm-hmm Interviewer: Say uh if a if a young fellow keeps going to the same girl's house you know 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Very frequently people figure he's getting serious about her what would you say he's in the process of doing he's 185: He's courting Or he's they'd say now that he's dating Interviewer: Anything besides that you ever heard to mean the same thing courting dating 185: I can't think of any right now Interviewer: Ever heard anybody actually say sparking 185: No Interviewer: Are you familiar with that 185: No Not at all familiar Interviewer: What would you say that uh that's pretty bad I got three 185: Right and you missed them all Interviewer: What would you call what would you say he was he would be her 185: Her um her boyfriend Interviewer: Yeah 185: Provided provided that she cared for him Interviewer: Yeah and she would be his 185: His girlfriend Interviewer: Or say if if uh he came home late at night and his little brother found lipstick all of his collar said ah you've been 185: You've been smooching Interviewer: Anything besides that you've ever heard used smooching 185: Necking Interviewer: Necking 185: Petting Interviewer: Petting making out 185: Yeah Interviewer: Kissing 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Or say if uh if he asks her uh if he was really getting serious you say well why let's get 185: Let's get married Interviewer: But if say it turns out she doesn't want him you'd say she did what to him 185: She jilted him Interviewer: Or if on the other hand they went ahead and got married at the ceremony the the man who stands up with the groom you call him the 185: The best man Interviewer: What about the equivalent for the bride 185: Um I guess it'd be either the matron or the maid of honor Interviewer: What's the difference 185: Matron of honor is married maid of honor's a single woman Interviewer: I think this came up in conversation I'm not sure but you ever heard of any particular terms for a very noisy ceremony after a wedding let's say a lot of people might if the couple's not going on a honeymoon a lot of people follow them back to the house and just raise all kinds of hell uh you don't really hear about it too much anymore but these used to get almost violent firing shotguns 185: Was Interviewer: Pulling dirty tricks on them the couple you know 185: Um This isn't the reception no this is not the reception Interviewer: Unusual 185: Um No I've never heard that Interviewer: You ever heard the term chivaree 185: No Interviewer: Or serenade 185: No It sounds like a Louisiana term Interviewer: I'm not sure I ran into it in Tennessee Arkansas it seemed the further west I got the more familiar they were with it 185: Uh Interviewer: Had eight people tell me they would pull stuff like kidnap the groom and handcuff him to a light post he'd have to spend the night you know like that just you know terrible say if you were in uh in Knoxville over the weekend and while you were there you saw somebody behind you when you came back you were telling me about it later 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You'd say well I saw so and so 185: This weekend Interviewer: And referring to the place you say I saw so and so 185: In Knoxville Interviewer: Or or maybe if you were in Miami and the same thing occurred and you were telling me about it later what would you say 185: I'd say that I saw so and so in Miami Interviewer: Okay do you ever hear or do you know if you yourself ever use something like well I saw so and so up at Knoxville I saw so and so down in Miami 185: I probably do but I'm not sure Interviewer: In other words location 185: As Interviewer: Make a difference 185: {NW} Um I don't know I don't know if I ev- if I use up in and down in Interviewer: Yeah 185: Or over in Interviewer: What about if if somebody were came to your house looking for somebody and he wasn't at at uh your house but say maybe uh a few houses beyond your house 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You might say well he's not here he's 185: He's um I'd probably say he's over at Interviewer: Yeah 185: So I probably do use up in and down in {NW} I'd say he's over at say John's And then tell him how to get there Interviewer: I see or say if you were having uh if there were a party going on and somebody or the neighbors uh got a little bit upset and called the police when they police came over they didn't arrest just one person they arrested the 185: They arrested everybody Interviewer: Or the crowd 185: The crowd They arrested Interviewer: If you were emphasizing the fact that it's you know everybody involved they arrested the 185: The whole Interviewer: And at a party you might have a either a man or plan somebody to place the stereo and you'd you'd have a to the music the couples get out 185: And dance Interviewer: What about the names of a few dances that you're familiar with any 185: I'm not familiar with any with any the only I can think of is the hustle and that's old by now Interviewer: Yeah any old fashioned ones that uh you know now not necessarily old fashioned but in earlier time 185: Oh yeah waltz Foxtrot Jitterbug Charleston That's all I can think of now Interviewer: Say uh if children get out of school at three o clock you say that at three o clock school does what 185: School's over or school lets out Interviewer: Or say if you're in summertime school has not been in session uh somebody might ask toward the end of summer when does the school 185: Let in or when does school begin Interviewer: Or some somebody say a boy who left home supposedly going to school and never got there on purpose you'd say he did what 185: He ran away Interviewer: Ran away or any other expression uh specifically used for that situation 185: That he Interviewer: Going to school 185: And never made it Interviewer: Yeah deliberately 185: Just that he left home I I can't think of any Interviewer: Played hooky 185: Oh oh oh Yeah yeah oh I see what you're doing I was think okay I thought you meant like by going to school you meant to college I'm sorry Interviewer: I see 185: I'm sorry okay yeah he played hooky Interviewer: That's pretty natural 185: Yeah Interviewer: Natural to you 185: Yeah Interviewer: What about if you just don't go to class here at college you say 185: I just slept in Interviewer: Just what 185: Slept in Interviewer: Slept in hmm does that refer to the fact that you uh stayed in the dorm or something 185: Oh it just usually you'd wake up and look at your watch and go oh {NW} Roll over wake up a couple of hours later and your classes are over Interviewer: Yeah well what if I cut class 185: Yeah I cut class Interviewer: That phrase 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh and you say that people go to school to get a 185: An education Interviewer: And after after kindergarten the grade that you go into that's the 185: First grade Interviewer: And these things that that we have in the classrooms here that you sit in you call them 185: Desks Interviewer: And singular would be just 185: A desk Interviewer: A few buildings around town common buildings if you want to uh check out a book you go to the 185: To the library Interviewer: And if you want to mail a package 185: You go to the post office Interviewer: An if you have to stay overnight in a strange town you'd go to the 185: To the motel or the hotel Interviewer: Or if you wanted to see a a movie or a play something like that you'd go to the 185: The theater Interviewer: And say if you got sick and had to go to the hospital the woman who takes care of you she's the 185: The nurse Interviewer: And if you had to catch a train you'd go down to the 185: To the depot Interviewer: Any other term mean the same thing 185: The train station Interviewer: The train station or the the rail anything with the rail in it that you might 185: May- may- may- maybe {NW} Railroad station Interviewer: Railroad station 185: Yeah Interviewer: What about if you had to catch a bus 185: The bus station Interviewer: Sometimes I don't know if it still is like this but uh usually the the business district sometimes is arranged around an area like so where the courthouse might be right in the center 185: Yeah Interviewer: Seem kinda like 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What do you call that area 185: That's um the courthouse square Interviewer: Courthouse square 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Ever just court square you heard that 185: Never just court square always just courthouse square Interviewer: Or say if uh 185: Azul is not arranged that way but Nashville which is thirty miles south from us is Interviewer: I see or say if uh downtown a building uh say with one building here there might be a building right here and then another one like so in relation to this building you'd say that this building is 185: Is catty corner Interviewer: Um these things that used to be use for transportation that ran from wires overhead and on rails 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Call those you know in San Fransisco 185: Um Street cars Interviewer: Street cars anything besides that 185: Um I can't think of any Interviewer: Trolley 185: Yeah trolleys Interviewer: Or say if you were riding on a bus you might tell the driver well the next uh corner is where I'll {X} Interviewer: Well 185: Okay well it's not really that much about them I don't I don't I may have told you about the hard shells I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Mentioning about funerals That um When they die That um They don't believe that you go to heaven right then Um What they do is they they go out and put you out in the cemetery they bury you And you just wait there for Gabriel to blow his horn on the day of judgment And on the day and um On the day of judgment is when you go to either heaven or hell But until then you're just out there these these are the hard shell kind of baptists The ones without any music in the church Interviewer: Yeah 185: Something that they used to do that I'm not sure if they still do anymore especially at country funerals Is that at the end of the service they'd open up the casket for one last look And that got to be There just got to be some really Bad scenes at them People would like would have been holding up pretty well through the service {NW} But that would just be the end of it Interviewer: I went to a have you ever been to a service 185: Yes Yes I've been to Interviewer: My first fundamentalist service this summer guy this guy was having a {X} Said well I'll keep talking if you go to church with us no big deal have mercy were kind of the shouting variety amens holler up and down you know this kind of thing I was embarrassed you know pretty conservative but subdued kind of methodist 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Crazy {NW} 185: Did anybody talk in tongues Interviewer: No there wasn't a lot of that 185: They did get up and shout though did anybody walk on the back of the pews Interviewer: No 185: Or start or start prancing in the aisles Interviewer: No 185: Nothing I was wondering Interviewer: {X} 185: Um I It's something it may be because when we were at a family reunion one time And um It was during the business meeting afterwards and they always Singing like One woman got up and wanted everyone to pray for her brother who was a preacher who had been sick {NW} Said that she was just talking to him the other day about the lord And about death and dying and going to heaven {NW} And so she started shouting And um {NW} After the meeting after she calmed down and sat back down the meeting was over and we left we were talking about it on the way home {NW} And my grandmother this was my Paternal grandmother {NW} Said that well that the only thing she wanted To see was for the woman to either Prance in the aisles or walk on the back of the pews Interviewer: {NW} 185: And so obviously she has seen this happen before Interviewer: You mean from going to the back of the overflow coming back over where 185: I don't know I don't know if she knew like going like walking on them like Interviewer: Yeah 185: Like Going from the front to the back or walking on them long ways because they were home made pews that had two before turned there was about a three inch space there So a very agile person could probably maneuver it Interviewer: Now you've seen it all 185: And my father used to um He and his friends would go the holy roller church Just to watch them roll Interviewer: {NW} Did you see that documentary on Marjoe Gortner 185: No I didn't Interviewer: Ever heard of him 185: Yeah I've heard of him Interviewer: People get the shakes you know have you ever been to a black church ceremony 185: No um we can't do that anymore Since integration that is not possible {NW} Um my parents have been my grandparents have been blacks used to go to our church we'd go to the methodist church in Ocilla {NW} And um Since integration No The whites would be horrified if there if if a black came to worship Interviewer: Hmm 185: Um And Whites don't go to the black church Um There were blacks at my cousin's wedding at the baptist church their maid came Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: But um I think everyone just would have realized that this was a special occasion And um And accepted it That's that that's not that uncommon to have one or two blacks at weddings {NW} And at funerals If like the like the maid for years and Their um Their mistress or the That they worked for died Interviewer: Charismatic movement 185: Mm no Interviewer: So well I don't know a whole lot about it but if you've ever heard on TV it's always {X} Show 185: I've seen it advertised I never watched it Interviewer: {X} 185: No Interviewer: {X} 185: Oh God Interviewer: That was I don't know there seems to be there seem to be some pressing you know intellectual side of religion 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You know it's all this faith healing and that kind of stuff it seems like {X} To me 185: It's probably what it is Interviewer: Every time I would turn that on and see the emcee for that show I think of {X} Nathaniel Hawthorne described uh Hester that he had not only called her {X} 185: That's very good I like that Interviewer: Well let's see I don't know if Ocilla is this but anyway the town in the county in which you have a courthouse you call that the 185: That's the county seat and that is Ocilla Uh-huh Interviewer: And uh what would you say that the police in a town are supposed to maintain 185: Law and order Law and order one word Interviewer: {NW} Part of the plank of Wallace's platform 185: Definitely Definitely Interviewer: Or say uh in the days before you had the electric chair murderers were usually 185: They were hanged Interviewer: Asking 185: Or lynched one or the other depends on who gets there first Interviewer: Really ask you some uh some names of uh states and cities mainly just for pronunciation 185: Okay Interviewer: Uh the largest city in the country state that's in that's called 185: New York Interviewer: And uh Baltimore is in 185: Maryland Interviewer: And uh uh uh the volunteer state that's 185: Tennessee Interviewer: And uh where Truman's from 185: Missouri Interviewer: And Little Rock's in 185: Arkansas Interviewer: And uh Austin is in 185: Texas Interviewer: And uh Tulsa 185: Oklahoma Interviewer: And Boston 185: Massachusetts Interviewer: What about a name for states you know from uh Maine to Connecticut all together 185: New England Interviewer: And uh the capital of this country that's 185: Washington D C Interviewer: And probably the biggest city in Missouri that would be 185: Saint Louis Interviewer: And in Maryland probably 185: Be Baltimore Interviewer: And the old sea port in South Carolina 185: Charleston Interviewer: What about the sea port here in Georgia 185: Savannah Interviewer: And the biggest city in Alabama would be 185: Birmingham Interviewer: And uh the capital of Alabama would be 185: Montgomery Interviewer: And the port city is 185: Mobile Interviewer: What the the what about the uh the body of water down there that's referring to is the 185: The gulf The gulf of Mexico Interviewer: Could you name uh uh oh just two or three bigger cities in Tennessee 185: Knoxville Memphis Nashville Interviewer: What about the choo-choo city 185: That's Chattanooga Interviewer: In North Carolina are you familiar with any with uh resort city 185: Asheville Interviewer: Or uh the capital here where we are this is 185: Is Atlanta Interviewer: And uh uh a very large city might be the second largest in Georgia uh close to the Alabama line 185: Columbus Interviewer: Any other you know fairly prominent cities in Georgia that come to mind 185: Macon Augusta Savannah Interviewer: And the city in Louisiana where L-S-U 185: Baton Rouge Interviewer: And the big city in Southern Ohio has the reds baseball team 185: Cincinnati Interviewer: And the city of Kentucky has the derby 185: Louisville Interviewer: And uh there's a few part of the countries if you were in Paris you'd be in 185: France Interviewer: And Moscow 185: You'd be in Russia Interviewer: And Dublin 185: Ireland Interviewer: What about uh uh say talking about church again somebody who becomes a member of the church you say he did what 185: He joined the church Interviewer: And when you're in church you you pray to 185: To God Interviewer: Any other names 185: For God Interviewer: Yeah just commonly used 185: The Lord Interviewer: Or when you go to church you listen to 185: To the To the preacher To the minister Interviewer: And he preaches a 185: A sermon Interviewer: Or you might somebody might say well I don't care too much about the sermon I just come to listen to the 185: To the music Interviewer: And you uh an adjective that you might use when describing music it's very that sure is 185: Pretty Interviewer: Or something besides that you might call a a very uh impressive sunset that sure is a 185: Beautiful Interviewer: Uh say if you're on your way to church and you have a flat tire you might say something like well church will be over 185: When I get there Interviewer: Or in referring to the process of having to change this thing in fact it's going to slow you up church is going to be over 185: Before I change the tire Interviewer: And what would you say uh the uh the opposite say of God would be is supposed to be 185: The devil Satan Lucifer Interviewer: Any other terms for that you can remember uh the devil Satan Lucifer you ever hear parents uh well not threatening their children but uh you know if you keep that up then 185: The boogeyman Interviewer: Yeah 185: Oh I never knew that that the boogeyman was the devil Interviewer: Well I I probably suggested that it was what about the boogeyman did you think it was some 185: {NW} I thought I thought that the boogeyman was just sort of like Had this great big Sack And he came by like Interviewer: {NW} 185: This great big white sack and like stuffed naughty children in it and hauled them off Interviewer: {NW} 185: I didn't know where they went Interviewer: Yeah what about these things you know some people claim they see them around graveyards uh 185: Ghost Interviewer: Any other name for for ghost 185: Haints Interviewer: Haints 185: Spirits Interviewer: Spirits mm-hmm what about uh spooks 185: Yeah spooks Interviewer: Does that mean anything else 185: Oh yeah a spook is also a black person Interviewer: Spook or a a something else that begins with S might call a shovel a 185: A spade Interviewer: Yeah 185: Yeah Interviewer: What if these ghosts get in the house you might say that the house 185: Is haunted or hainted {NW} That happened to my father one time he was at his um His grandfather's {NW} And it was one of these old houses with the H- Big hallway through the middle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And they had had the laundry out To dry they had been washing clothes {NW} And I guess they were all asleep by this time and I guess they didn't bring the laundry in or something {NW} But um The goat Got out And ran through the laundry and got a sheet wrapped around him and somehow came up those steps {NW} And went charging down through that central hallway {NW} And everyone thought that it was a ghost The grown-ups the children everybody Interviewer: Mm-hmm amazing what about uh say uh somebody asks you to do something that you're not particularly crazy about doing I'd say well I'll do that if you insist but 185: Don't really want to Interviewer: Would you ever use the word rather then 185: Yeah Interviewer: I'll do that but I 185: But I'd rather not Interviewer: Or say if you see a friend of yours that you haven't seen in a long time what what may might you see say in way of greeting him when you see him 185: How are you doing it's sure been a long time since we've seen you Interviewer: Mm-hmm or say if uh if you're inviting somebody over to your house you you might say something like well we'll be to have you 185: We'll be glad we'll be happy Interviewer: Ever heard anybody use proud there be mighty proud to have you 185: Mm-hmm I have um My grandmothers do Be proud to have you stay proud to have you over Interviewer: Or say a man who owns oh let's say several thousand acres of land talking about the quantity there you'd say oh so and so owns a 185: A lot of land Interviewer: Ever heard people use the expression right smart for that he's a right smart 185: I have yeah Ol- older people Older people Interviewer: They'd say 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Say something that you could say that would be stronger than merely yes uh as far as affirmation is concerned can you do that 185: Hell yes Interviewer: {NW} Right well do you ever hear of do you ever hear people use the word certainly in that context certainly 185: Mm-hmm Certainly yes Interviewer: Do you ever use it yourself every now and then I guess it would be more like 185: Um Hell yes is probably more likely or I'd just say sure Interviewer: Sure or say uh if you wanted to be that concept to be polite to an older person say to them you'd say not just yes 185: Yes sir Interviewer: And to a woman 185: Yes ma'am Interviewer: Or uh oh if you were provoked with yourself for doing something stupid you know like accidentally you know knocking over a plate of food or something like that do you ever say anything to yourself or say anything like that at all 185: Yeah I talk to myself I I'd probably say that was a stupid thing to do Interviewer: Or uh if you had heard that somebody had something about you that's not particularly flattering and this gets back to you {X} All that you might say well what might you say you know just anything in that situation 185: I'd probably think of something to say about the person that said it about me Interviewer: {NW} 185: Or I'd say well it's not true Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people nowadays saying anything like oh yeah the idea of that guy 185: Um I had an English teacher In high school Um Who was very fond of saying well the very idea Interviewer: {NW} But you don't hear it too much 185: No Interviewer: Or say uh if you meet someone that you know on the street what might you just say to them in the way of greeting them 185: Hello how are you how do you feel Been good to see you What you doing Interviewer: Would you ever say that to a stranger 185: Someone I've never ever seen before Interviewer: {X} 185: No Interviewer: Or uh would you say anything at all to a stranger just you know passing on the street 185: Probably not Interviewer: Or say if somebody has {X} They're about to leave and you'd like them to come back sometime might say well now why don't y'all come 185: Come back Interviewer: Come back or come 185: Come later or Interviewer: Or let's do this 185: Again Interviewer: Talking about greetings how would you greet someone on December twenty-fifth you'd say 185: Merry Christmas Interviewer: And around Ocilla in this part of the country uh on Christmas day do you ever say anything uh besides that for example when you see a person for the first time on Christmas morning is there anything you're supposed to say before they say it to you kind of like a little game 185: Don't think so Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people saying Christmas gift 185: {NW} Um I've heard of Christmas gift but I read it about Somebody and their slaves Interviewer: Hmm 185: Maybe it was about um Reading about um I don't know who but it was About slaves Interviewer: And around January first you greet somebody by saying 185: Happy new year Interviewer: Ever heard of the equivalent of that Christmas gift for new year's 185: No Interviewer: Say if somebody has done you a favor you might say well I'm much to you 185: I'm much obliged Interviewer: Or if somebody is asking you to do something and you're not sure about whether you'll have time to do it you might say something like well uh I have time 185: I think Interviewer: When well when a woman say has to go to town to get a few things she says that she has to do some 185: Some shopping Interviewer: And when she makes a purchase you say that the storekeeper took some paper and 185: And wrapped Interviewer: And when she gets home she 185: Unwraps Interviewer: Or if a store is selling things for less than what they paid for them you'd say they're selling how they're selling how 185: At a loss Interviewer: Or if there's something that you admire that you'd like to have you might say well it sure would be nice to have that but it just too much 185: Just costs too much Interviewer: And you say that usually on the first of the month the bill is 185: Is due Interviewer: And you're in a club you have to pay 185: Dues Interviewer: Or if you wanted to buy something that costs a great deal of money you might go see your banker to see if you could 185: Get a loan Interviewer: Or 185: Borrow Interviewer: And uh if you go down to the pool you might go off the end of a board like so you'd say that you 185: Dove off Interviewer: And the present would be 185: Dive Interviewer: And I've many times 185: I've dove Interviewer: What about if you do that you dive in and you land flat like that pop what'd you say you're doing 185: Um you did a belly flop Interviewer: A belly flop you ever heard that called anything 185: A belly buster Interviewer: Or say when you get in the water you begin to 185: To swim Interviewer: And the past would be yesterday 185: I swam Interviewer: And I've 185: Swam Interviewer: Have you ever heard of uh if you went into a store and bought something or maybe paid off your monthly bill the store keeper might give you something a little extra or some little gift or something uh you ever heard that called anything in particular 185: I've never heard it called anything in particular Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a lagniappe 185: No Interviewer: Or say uh talking about swimming if doesn't know how to swim he might 185: He might drown Interviewer: And uh you might say that uh that uh he's 185: He's drowned Interviewer: Or or yesterday he 185: He drowned Interviewer: A baby before it's able to walk you say it 185: It crawls Interviewer: And if there's something up a tree that I threw my frisbee up a tree I'd have to 185: Climb Interviewer: And the past would be yesterday I 185: I climbed Interviewer: And I've 185: Climbed Interviewer: Uh uh say if I'm feeling tired I might say well I think I'll go to bed for a while 185: Rest Interviewer: Or talking about actually you know in a prone position I believe I'll 185: Lie down Interviewer: Or talking about somebody else who was sick he couldn't he would sit he just had to 185: Had to lie down Interviewer: When you go to sleep sometimes these things that you you know see in your sleep you see your 185: A dream Interviewer: Okay the verb form 185: I dreamed Interviewer: And the past would be like you said 185: I dreamed Interviewer: I've 185: Dreamed Interviewer: Uh what would you say it is I if I brought down my foot you know real hard on the floor like 185: You stamped Interviewer: Or say if a boy uh met a girl at a party something like that and he wanted to uh see her home after the party what would he probably ask may I 185: Take you home Interviewer: And uh say if my car got stuck in the mud I might ask somebody to get behind me and give me a 185: A push Interviewer: And um if you were and say some children were in the kitchen and uh the mother was at the stove she might say something like well now that stove's hot so 185: Don't touch Interviewer: And now if there were something in the the room say that uh I wanted I might tell you to go 185: Bring it Interviewer: And the past of that would be 185: Brought Interviewer: And I've 185: Brought Interviewer: Children uh say games that you might play uh oh it might involve chasing you know 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Playing tag 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Was there usually a place that you could run to and be safe where you wouldn't be tagged 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What did you call that 185: That was home or home base Interviewer: Was it ever called a goal or just home base 185: I don't know if it was called a goal or not I don't believe it was I believe it was just home or home base Interviewer: I see or say if uh I threw you a ball you're supposed to 185: Catch it Interviewer: And the past would be after that 185: I caught Interviewer: And I've 185: Caught Interviewer: Or say if we're supposed to to meet in town I might say something like well now if I get there before you do I'll 185: I'll wait Interviewer: Or say if uh if your father had to get rid of a hired man he might come back a few days later and say oh come on just give me another 185: Chance Interviewer: Or say somebody who always has a pleasant word for everybody you might say well he sure seems to be in a good 185: A good humor A good mood Interviewer: Or somebody who who really doesn't know what's going on well you might say he like he did doesn't really know what's going on but he 185: Acted Interviewer: Or if a boy left his left his pencil on his desk left the room but came back and it was gone you might say well looks like somebody 185: Stole it Interviewer: Anything besides that stole 185: Swiped it {NS} Took it Interviewer: Ripped it off 185: Yeah Interviewer: Or say if you wanted to get in touch with somebody that you uh that you uh haven't seen don't have a telephone you sit down to 185: To write them Interviewer: And the past would be 185: Wrote Interviewer: And I've 185: I've written Interviewer: And after you go to the trouble of writing them you say you expect to get a 185: An answer Interviewer: And you take the letter put it in an envelope and 185: Address it Interviewer: You might say well I'd like to write so and so but I don't know his 185: Address Interviewer: {X} 185: Okay Interviewer: Um 185: Okay Interviewer: Tired appreciate it 185: That's quite alright Interviewer: What uh say if a little boy has uh has acquired uh a new skill like whistling something uh you might say well who how to do that 185: Who taught Interviewer: And uh say if somebody asks you if you've put up that new fence you've been talking about putting up you might say well no but I pretty soon 185: But I will Interviewer: Have you ever heard of uh any particular names for a child who goes around telling on other children 185: A tattle tale Interviewer: Tattle tale 185: A blab Interviewer: Yeah to you is there any difference between tattling and gossiping 185: {NW} Mm-hmm there is Um Interviewer: Kind of a hard thing to put your finger 185: It's kind of yeah it is but but there's a difference and it's not so much {NW} A substantive Difference as one of degree Interviewer: Yeah 185: But there is gossip Gossip is for like two is is usually involve Well tattling is just someone going around And telling {NW} Gossip usually involved two people sitting down and just dissecting someone Interviewer: Do you usually associate one or the other with uh children or adults 185: Yeah Tattle being a tattle tale I I usually associate with a child and gossiping {NW} Gossiping starts at high school On up Interviewer: Right well what about these things that you you pick out of your yard and put in vases 185: Flowers Interviewer: And these things that children play with they have a lot of 185: Toys Interviewer: Heard that called anything else 185: Play things Interviewer: Or say uh uh I think I've asked you this but but say if I have something that you need right now you'd say me that 185: Bring me that give me that Interviewer: And the past would be yesterday I 185: Gave Interviewer: I've 185: Given Interviewer: And say oh you might say something like well glad I I got my umbrella I'm glad I had my umbrella we had gone a block before it 185: Rained Interviewer: Or it 185: Began to rain Interviewer: Uh what about the present form there say you to do something to 185: Wait Interviewer: Yeah just you said began or past present it 185: Begins Interviewer: Yeah to rain and I've already 185: Begun {NS} Interviewer: Uh if you want to get somewhere in a hurry you wouldn't just walk but you'd begin to 185: Run Interviewer: And yesterday I 185: Ran Interviewer: And I've 185: Run Interviewer: Or if you don't know where somebody was born you might ask well where does he from 185: Come from Interviewer: Yesterday I 185: Came And I've come Interviewer: Or perceiving something with your eyes you say that you 185: See it Saw Seen Interviewer: Or say if uh the highway's impassable because the road crew is out there uh the highway department you say you can't get through there because the road's all 185: Torn up Interviewer: Or if uh a man gives his wife say a bracelet as a gift she's just sitting there looking at it he might say well why don't you go ahead and 185: Put it on Interviewer: And uh talking about uh asking somebody if he's able to perform some function might say well can you 185: Do that Interviewer: Yesterday I 185: Could Interviewer: For do 185: No do did Interviewer: And I've 185: Done Interviewer: Yeah uh say if you you're sitting on there on the couch and somebody {X} Somebody might say uh what'd you say to me I said 185: Nothing Interviewer: Might say well I thought you said 185: Something Interviewer: Or something somebody tells you something really strange you might say wow I never heard of 185: That before Interviewer: Or I never heard of things 185: Of those Interviewer: Or maybe such things I never heard of such things 185: I've heard that I don't think I use it Interviewer: What about uh if somebody asks you if you lived in Ocilla uh uh all your life you might say I've lived here 185: I've always Interviewer: Or say talking about riding horses you might say well I got thrown from a horse once and I've been afraid of horses ever 185: Since Interviewer: Somebody who did something that wasn't accidental you say he did it 185: On purpose Interviewer: Or uh say if you were trying to find out something from me and I say well I'm not your man go him 185: Go ask him Interviewer: And the past would be yesterday I 185: Asked Interviewer: And I've 185: Asked Interviewer: And if uh boys begin to get annoyed with each other they might begin to 185: To punch Interviewer: Or 185: Hit or fight Interviewer: And yesterday I 185: Fought Interviewer: And I've 185: Fought Interviewer: Somebody did this with a knife I got 185: Stabbed Interviewer: And uh say if a teacher came in the room and there were a lot of funny pictures on the board she might turn and say who 185: Who drew those Interviewer: Or if you had to lift a a very heavy weight say up on the roof of a house you might dig up a a you know pulleys 185: {X} Interviewer: And all that sort of thing 185: And hoist it Interviewer: Yeah what would you say to somebody uh in the mor- in uh about ten o clock in the day time you'd in the way of greeting you'd say 185: Good morning Interviewer: How late would you say that 185: Until noon And then after that you'd say good afternoon Interviewer: Is there anything later than afternoon 185: There's good evening Interviewer: Or when you're leaving somebody during the daytime what do you say 185: Goodbye Interviewer: Ever heard uh any other greeting that would fit in there 185: Bye bye Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say good day 185: No Interviewer: Or say the names of the meals that you eat the first one in the morning that's 185: Breakfast Interviewer: Later 185: Is lunch Interviewer: When do you usually eat that 185: Lunch around noon Interviewer: And after that 185: Is dinner Interviewer: And that's about 185: That's Night Or is around six to eight {NW} But at home The Noon meal is dinner Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: And your night meal is supper Interviewer: That must be a transitional sort of 185: It is It is Interviewer: I find myself saying lunch more and more 185: I say I say lunch and dinner {NW} And um I had to call Somebody up and I was inviting them To supper This was at home this summer And I said dinner And um We got it straightened out {NW} Before before they showed up at twelve the next day when they were supposed to be there Interviewer: Yeah 185: Six Interviewer: Very practical problem well if you were leaving somebody at night you would say 185: Good night Interviewer: Could you conceive of ever saying that when you were meeting somebody at night 185: No Interviewer: Say if some {X} You're on a farm when you start to work before daylight you say you started before 185: Before dawn Or before day Interviewer: Any other way of saying that 185: Before sunrise Interviewer: Before sunrise uh and say if you were a little late getting out in the field you might say by the time you got out there the sun had already 185: Risen Interviewer: And yesterday it 185: It rose Interviewer: And it begins to 185: Rise Interviewer: Or if you worked until the sun went out of sight you say that you worked until 185: Sunset Interviewer: Uh let's see uh today is uh what Thursday 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: That means that Wednesday was 185: Yesterday Interviewer: And Friday's 185: Tomorrow Interviewer: If somebody came to see you on Sunday uh you know a week earlier than last Sunday 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You say he came to see you 185: Sunday before last Interviewer: Or if somebody's coming to see you a week beyond this Sunday he's coming to see you 185: Sunday after next Interviewer: Or if a person uh stayed at your house from about the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about 185: About two weeks Interviewer: Any other thing that would work there 185: No Interviewer: Is fortnight ever used 185: No Interviewer: Do you know what it means 185: Fortnight is what two weeks Yeah but fortnight is not used Interviewer: Or if you wanted to know the time of day you would ask me 185: What time it is Interviewer: I might say well just look at my 185: Watch Interviewer: And say if it were midway between seven and eight o clock you'd say it was 185: Seven thirty Interviewer: And if it were fifteen minutes later at half past ten you would call that fifteen minutes later 185: Later than half past ten would be a quarter of eleven Interviewer: Or say if if you've been doing something for a long time you might say well I've been doing that for quite 185: Some time Quite a while Interviewer: Hear people say quite a spell 185: Mm-hmm I have I have Interviewer: Or say if uh if nineteen seventy-six was last year then nineteen seventy-seven is 185: This year Interviewer: Or do you have a brother 185: Mm-hmm I do Interviewer: How old is he 185: He's twenty {NS} Four Interviewer: Is there anything that uh you know if you were to elaborate if you were to elaborate on that a bit you'd say he's twenty-four 185: Years old Interviewer: Or something that happened around this time last year you'd say it happened 185: Last year a year ago Interviewer: And uh say talking about the weather now if you went out no clouds in the sky at all just blue sky you might say well I believe we're going to have a 185: A good a fair day today Interviewer: Or if it's not that the sun's not shining or pretty dark you might say well 185: Rain Or or cloudy Interviewer: Hear anybody say uh kind of gloomy outside 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Or say if the weather's doing this the clouds are getting thicker and thicker you're going to have some rain you'd say the weather is 185: It's getting worse {NS} The clouds are building up Interviewer: Heard anybody say the weather's changing 185: I don't think so Interviewer: Or say if it's been cloudy and they start pulling away and the sun starts shining through you say the weather's 185: Clearing Interviewer: Heard anybody say it's beginning to fair up 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Or uh a very heavy rainfall say a couple inches in just an hour you'd say you had a regular 185: Gully washer Interviewer: Heard anything besides that 185: A flood Interviewer: Flood 185: Um A storm Mostly a gully washer though I think Interviewer: Downpour 185: Yeah a downpour Interviewer: That's another interesting one people have told me that they call it a toad strangler 185: {NW} Interviewer: Stump mover all pretty good descriptions you mentioned the other time uh uh a thunderstorm what do you mean by that 185: A thunderstorm Interviewer: Going on 185: Thunder and lightning lots of thunder and lightning {NW} And lots of heavy rain Interviewer: Is it possible to have a storm with lightning no rain 185: Just an electrical storm Interviewer: Electrical 185: Yes Interviewer: Any particular terms for uh say a a regular nice sunny day then it starts to rain out of nowhere you ever heard that described any particular way 185: Is the sun still shin- Interviewer: Still shining 185: The devil's beating his wife Interviewer: With anything or just beating his wife 185: Just beating his wife Interviewer: My version of that has always been beating his wife with frying pans {NW} Interesting though uh what about say so and so had just got some uh uh clothes hung up on the line the wind came along and 185: Blew them off Interviewer: And you say the wind begins to 185: Blow Interviewer: And it's 185: Blown Interviewer: Have you ever had any uh bad winds around Ocilla 185: Yes Yes we had some this summer There were Probably some High tornadoes going over Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Um one night I thought some jets were flying over {NW} And um Daddy said no It sounded like a freight train going through {NW} But there's no freight train that {NW} And um The roof Got blown the roof's got blown off two barns And Some trees were uprooted On down in another section of the county Interviewer: I hate those I had nightmares about them I never seen one don't want to see one 185: Well I'm I'm glad that it {NW} That it was dark Interviewer: Yeah really say uh if the wind is is coming from that direction you say it's coming from the 185: East Interviewer: And that's the 185: West The north And the south Interviewer: And between that that would be the 185: The northeast The northwest Southwest Southeast Interviewer: Say uh if it's not raining very hard just you know barely raining at all just a few drops you say you're having a 185: A sprinkle a shower Interviewer: Heard anybody say drizzle drizzling 185: Mm-hmm Drizzle is is not Drizzle is more than a few Well the reason I said a sprinkle and a shower because you said we just had a few drops Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: A drizzle I think of as a light rain Interviewer: I see 185: Somewhat steady Interviewer: Ever heard anybody say it's misting outside 185: Yes Interviewer: Where where would that 185: Misting {NW} Um Misting are very fine Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Very very fine drops not enough to be a drizzle And not a sprinkle where you have bigger drops Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Just Fine drops you have to run your windshield wipers and It's just very fine drops Interviewer: What do you call you know very low hanging clouds you say you got outside you could hardly see through the you having to drive through the 185: Through the clouds Interviewer: Or the 185: The fog Um Interviewer: What kind of day would that be 185: It'd be a foggy day Interviewer: And say if you've gone two or three weeks without rain you'd say you're having a little 185: A dry spell Interviewer: And worse than that would be 185: A drought Interviewer: About how long would it have to be before it became a drought 185: Um I think we had about Four months of it this summer Interviewer: Say if uh if the wind has been very gentle but it's gradually getting stronger 185: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You'd say the wind's doing what 185: It's it's picking up Interviewer: And if it's just the opposite 185: It's it's dying down Interviewer: Or if you you know get out in the morning in fall and you go outdoors and it's just the kind of weather you'd like to be out in you say it's really it's 185: It's Nice it's pleasant Interviewer: You ever heard anybody say something like uh uh it's kind of brisk out here or it's kind of airish or something like that you ever heard any of those 185: {NW} I've heard brisk but I think it's been since I've gotten to school Interviewer: Yeah I see meaning about the same thing I was talking about 185: Um Interviewer: {X} 185: Brisk is a little chillier Interviewer: Or say if you go out in the morning this light covering white on the ground 185: Frost Interviewer: Can you have one that's pretty severe 185: Yeah Interviewer: Any particular name 185: Um It'd be It'd be a heavy frost or a killing frost Interviewer: I see or you might say that it got so cold last night that the lake 185: Froze Interviewer: And that verb it begins to 185: Freeze Interviewer: And it has 185: Frozen {NS} What what we what we say a lot of times at home Instead of brisk {NW} When it's Cooler Than pleasant Interviewer: Mm-hmm 185: Is it's right nippy out Interviewer: Nippy 185: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah or say just for pronunciation uh would you just count for me slowly from one to twenty 185: Okay One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen {NS} Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty Interviewer: And the number after twenty-six is 185: Twenty-seven Interviewer: And after twenty-nine is 185: Thirty Interviewer: And after thirty-nine 185: Forty Interviewer: And after sixty-nine 185: Seventy Interviewer: And after ninety-nine 185: One hundred Interviewer: And after nine hundred ninety-nine 185: A thousand Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand is one 185: Million Interviewer: Say uh the day that the bills are due that's usually the 185: The first of the month Interviewer: And after the first comes the 185: The second Third The fourth The fifth The sixth The seventh The eighth The ninth The tenth Interviewer: And this expression you might have heard somebody say it seems that your good luck comes just a little bit at a time but it seems that your bad luck comes 185: A lot at the time Interviewer: Or all 185: All the time All at once Interviewer: Mm-hmm and say a farmer got twenty bushels to the acre last year this year he gets forty bushels so he says that this year's crop is 185: Twice as good Interviewer: And the months of the year 185: January Interviewer: And then 185: February March April May June July August September October November And December Interviewer: And the days of the week 185: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: Have you ever uh heard Sunday called anything else besides just Sunday 185: We jokingly refer to it as the Sabbath Interviewer: The Sabbath why do you say jokingly 185: Um Well we weren't too religious in my house Interviewer: Oh I see 185: Um that and um It's sort of an old term We just always have Interviewer: Yeah okay and say uh you know receiving something with your ears you say you 185: Hear Interviewer: And yesterday you 185: I heard Interviewer: And I've 185: And I've heard Interviewer: Any other old stories you want to tell me for the record 185: I can't think of any other old stories right now Interviewer: Okay appreciate it 185: You're quite welcome {NS} Interviewer: {X} Your name 252: My name is Jesse. J-E double S-E. {B} Interviewer: And your address? 252: Cedar Key, Florida. Interviewer: And the name of the county? 252: Levy. L-E-V-Y. Interviewer: And where were you born? 252: I was born in Lukeins. Interviewer: Where is that? 252: That is right across the first bridge coming in. Interviewer: Uh-huh 252: On that island over on your left, there was a big saw mill there. Interviewer: That's Lukeins? 252: Lukeins. Interviewer: uh 252: L-U-K-E I-N-S. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Were your parents living on Lukeins at the time? 252: Well at the time I'm sure they were or I {C: laughing} probably wouldn't have been born hey. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 252: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 252: #2 He worked in the # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 252: #2 saw # mill. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 252: #2 A s- # The saw mill. And nobody went to a hospital then. Interviewer: Uh-huh I I was just wondering if uh Some people I talk to had been born in Gainesville because that's where the hospital #1 was. # 252: #2 Practically # all your kids are born in Gainesville now. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 252: #2 But # nineteen-eighteen... They might they probably had one hospital in Gainsville then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 252: And Interviewer: Where where is Lukeins now? 252: When you cross this first bridge coming in town where they were doing all the work. Interviewer: Uh-huh 252: Right down below that bridge where you make that turn in the road. #1 Not # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 252: the new road, now. The old road. Interviewer: Uh-huh 252: Look right across and you'll see your timber land. All that high timber back there. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 252: #2 That's # Lukeins. Interviewer: That's a 252: That was a #1 big # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 252: saw mill there and it employed about three hundred people. Interviewer: Was it on this Is it on an island #1 Near here {X} # 252: #2 No, it's on the mainland. # Interviewer: #1 Oh, I see. # 252: #2 No # it's strictly it's your first timber on your left when you cross that bridge. Interviewer: So it's just a few miles from here? 252: Well it's uh Actually it's not over a mile. Interviewer: uh-huh They used to have a lot of them, saw mill. 252: Well they had three saw mills here going at one time one was on this island. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: One was at Lukeins and one was at Sumner out here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Sumner used to have a population of six or seven-hundred people. Now there- I think there's about fifteen to twenty lives out there. Interviewer: um your age? 252: Have I got to tell you that? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 252: #2 {NW} # I'll be fifty-six the twenty-ninth of this month. Interviewer: And your occupation? 252: Right now, sitting on my behind mostly running this trailer park and watching them little birds right there. But I'm ordinarily a commercial fisherman. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 252: #2 That's what # I spent most of my life doing. Interviewer: When did you go into the trailer park business? 252: When I married her. Five almost four and a half years ago. Interviewer: uh-huh. {NS} And your religion? {NS} 252: I am a {D: hardtail} Methodist. Interviewer: And coming back to your education, did you remember the name of the school you went to? 252: Well I only went to one that was the Cedar Key School out here. The one I went to burned up in nineteen forty-two. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Right down to the ground. Interviewer: #1 How long was # 252: #2 And I # Interviewer: Go ahead. 252: I only got through the sixth grade. Interviewer: Uh-huh What you were living at um 252: #1 Lukeins. # Interviewer: #2 Lukeins. # And and you went to the Cedars Key school, or had you #1 {X} # 252: #2 Well # honey I was less than a year old when we moved #1 from there to # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 252: town. But that's where I was born there. Interviewer: I see. um Are y- Have you done much traveling or are you very #1 {X} # 252: #2 No # ma'am. And I don't care to do any. That's for the birds. Interviewer: Have you been out of Cedar Key? 252: Oh, yes. I Seen eight states. Interviewer: Which states were those? 252: Florida, Georgia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas South Carolina North Carolina. Interviewer: mm-hmm Have you ever lived outside of Cedar Key? 252: I spent a year in Texas. Ever since I come back I've never had no desire to cross that bridge out there since. Interviewer: What about church or clubs. Have you been active. 252: No. Very inactive. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um What about your parents? Where were they born and? 252: My parents Interviewer: {NS} 252: My mother was born right here in Cedar Key. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 252: #2 And # my father was uh born on a farm in Newberry. Which is approximately forty-five miles from here. Interviewer: Which county is that in? 252: That's in Alachua County. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you know about how far they went in school? Would you have any #1 idea? # 252: #2 Neither # one of 'em went very far. Interviewer: uh-huh How What would you guess they they got? 252: Mm my daddy got I think a fifth grade education. My mother, I only think she only went through the third grade. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: The lived on an island. Up here between here and Suwannee River. Interviewer: What island is that? 252: Dennis Creek. About halfway between here and Suwannee River. {NS} Interviewer: What sort of work did did they do? 252: Well he was a commercial fisherman. She was just strictly a housewife. Interviewer: What about your grandparents on your mother's side? 252: Well, I don't have no knowledge of my grandparents because I never remember seeing the first one. They were dead when I was born. Interviewer: Did you ever hear anyone say where they were born or? um 252: Well my father's uh parents was born down on the farm near Newberry. Interviewer: Both of 'em? 252: Yeah. Mother and Daddy. That's strictly a farming district up there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: And my mother's parents was born right here in Cedar Key. Which they were commercial fisherman. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Both of your mother's #1 parents # 252: #2 Her # parents. Was commercial fishermen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you know about their education? 252: No. Interviewer: You 252: That was a long time for I came long. Interviewer: uh-huh What what about going further back than your grandparents on your mother's side? 252: I have no knowledge of them at all. Interviewer: mm-hmm Your your father's parents were farmers I 252: Yes. Interviewer: Would you know about their education? 252: No. Interviewer: What ab- can you can you trace your your family history back 252: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 further # on that side? 252: On either side really. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about your wife? How old is she? 252: {NS} #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: {NW} Interviewer: And Methodist too? 252: No. She's Episcopalian. Interviewer: I didn't realize there was a Methodist Church on Cedar Key. 252: Oh, yeah. It's right there by the standard oil station. Interviewer: {X} 252: You got two s- standard oil stations. Well you know where the Episcopal is? Interviewer: uh-huh 252: You come right down one other block and the Methodist is sitting right there by the #1 standard oil station. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah I heard there were several. 252: You have uh Church of Christ Holiness Church Baptist Church Episcopal Church and the Methodist Church. Interviewer: uh-huh Uh, what about your wife's education? 252: She's a college graduate. Interviewer: Was she born here? 252: No. She was born in Kentucky. Interviewer: Where in Kentucky? 252: Mm. She'll tell you some little town. I don't know the name of it. She'll tell you in a minute. {NS} Interviewer: Has she done much traveling or? 252: Yeah. All over the damn country. If she hadn't tied down here she'd be in that car going somewhere now. Interviewer: {NW} 252: And I'd fairly hate it. Interviewer: What is she very active in church or? 252: No. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 252: #2 No # since she married me {NW} We haven't been to church since unless it's to a funeral or wedding. Interviewer: uh-huh What about um her parents are they from Kentucky too? 252: They were from Kentucky yeah. Both of them's dead been dead. Interviewer: mm-hmm Tell me what Cedar Key's life is? How it's changed and 252: It has changed very little. There's more building going on now Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Than has been in quite a numbers of years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: But it's on a off beaten path. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: When they took the railroad out of here. This town started gradually going down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: It is one of the few places left on the face of the Earth that the population has gradually dwindled Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: instead of increased. But I don' think it's going to be that way very much longer. Interviewer: What do you think's gonna happen? 252: Well there's too much building going on. You can't buy a piece of property here. It's all bought up. Interviewer: What kind of buildings? 252: Uh, well you condominiums. Interviewer: They're building those? 252: You mean you haven't seen 'em? Then you haven't been getting around too much have you? You been doing too a lot of talking not traveling. Interviewer: Where are they building the #1 condos? # 252: #2 There's # one going up right now. Right back of the Jiffy store there on main street. Have you seen the new motel? Two story motel. #1 {D: McKinnies} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 252: put up down on the beach? Interviewer: uh-huh 252: Well there's a condominium right there across from the state park. Interviewer: Must of seen them. I just didn't realize. 252: Probably did. Interviewer: Is are the tourists taking over here much? 252: No. There are comers and goers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And just like our park we've been very busy out here since Christmas. Now your tourists is heading back north. Interviewer: {NS} Mm-hmm. 252: You wanna pull is that sun in your eyes? You can pull that shade back a little bit and {NS} Interviewer: {X} 252: That helping? Interviewer: Yeah that's fine. 252: Alright don't think I haven't thought of you. Interviewer: {X} You don't think the the tourists present any real threat to Cedar #1 Key though? # 252: #2 Not # really. No, they're a more or less, a source of income. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: They go and they come. Now we've lost a lot of people out of the park this week already that's been with us the whole winter. Interviewer: {NS} 252: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Winter # is really the tourist season. 252: Yeah sure. cuz it's warm down here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: They come and they stay the whole winter and now it's beginning to thaw up there and they going to heading back home. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: It'll be November, December. They'll be coming back next year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: If the gas situation and the Lord is willing. Interviewer: What about um the tourists buying up land. Has there been much of that? 252: Yes. This is a place that grows on you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You either like it or you disliked it. There doesn't seem to be no in between. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Most of the people that's buying land and wants a place here {NS} is up for retirement or gonna be soon up for retirement. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And it's a quiet place. We don't have no trouble down here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Uh And they want to get away from the rat race. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And once they come here and if they'll spend a couple of days here nine out of every ten wants a piece of property here. Well there's not that much property to go round. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: That's a question I answer here at this park. Fifty times a week. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Do you know where there's a piece of property I can buy? Well I don't. Interviewer: It seems like if the tourists come in with more money and they are trying to buy up the land that eventually, that's gonna force the natives out because it will raise the property taxes. 252: Well that that's already began. It's already started that. Interviewer: How do the natives here feel about that? 252: They don't seem to be too objective about it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Uh {NS} Most of the natives here own their own property. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And they go by a {NS} theme of live and let live. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: No, they're not too objective about it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This is um When you were growing up were there more blacks living here than there #1 are now? # 252: #2 Oh # there was around three hundred living here. That's what we call the negro hill up there. Were you was up there talking to these black people? Interviewer: That whole section? 252: That whole section was nothing but blacks. Interviewer: How many were there as many as fifty percent blacks when you were? 252: Mm no. No he- oh hell no. Interviewer: How many? 252: Well you had a population then approximately of about fifteen to sixteen hundred people. And there might have been in the neighborhood of two hundred to three hundred negroes here. Interviewer: What about now? 252: Well, I think there's nine left up there now and most of them are so old they They were raised here. Interviewer: mm-hmm Most of the people here are fishermen still aren't they? 252: Uh Practically. Practically yeah. This is strictly a fishing village. You see you have seasons for every thing. Like your scallop season. Your oyster season. Your crabbing season. Your fishing season. And your clamming season. And all of that comes from that water out there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: And that's what they raised doing all their lives. Interviewer: mm-hmm How What's that Tell me some about what the commercial fishermen do. I've never been out on their boats or 252: Well, most of your commercial fishermen {NS} uh are net fishermen. Interviewer: {NW} mm-hmm 252: They catch these fish with a net. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Now you have some hook and line fishermen. What a lot of people call pool fishermen. 252: They do that commercially and they take parties. That's were your tourist comes in again. Interviewer: That goes out fairly deep? 252: Well, not necessarily. uh Because it's mostly trout fishing. They go up and down the coast #1 not # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 252: offshore. {NS} They take parties. Your commercial fishermen. You have 'em that fish at night. Then you have your day crews that fish only in the daytime with nets. Interviewer: What does the average person around here? When does he fish? At night or? 252: Uh. Right now, I would say there's more day fisherman, there are night fishermen. Interviewer: mm-hmm Does it really make that much difference? 252: Well, the type of nets that they've come up with now makes the difference. Interviewer: What types do they have? 252: Well it's monofilament. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: And the fish in the daytime can't see it. {NS} Well used to it used to be the other way round when you was using flax nets and cotton nets. They fished mostly at night. Interviewer: Now the monofilament uh net fish can't see? 252: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They can't see it so you can catch # 252: just as many in the daytime now as you can at night. Interviewer: uh-huh What different kinds of nets do they use? 252: Well, it's mostly all gill net. Interviewer: {NW} What does that mean? 252: That means that you fish gill off in it. Now there's such thing as seine nets. And there's such thing as dragnets. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Which you wouldn't know what the hell I'm talking about, but that's the categories they fall in. Oh. I'm gonna I'm gonna tell you the uh {NW} Interviewer: What what's the um What does a gill net look like? 252: Well it's approximately seven feet deep. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: You have a {NS} It's hung in on a rope with leads on the bottom. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 252: And you it's hung in on the top side with corks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: The corks float and the leads sink. That means your net is going down to the bottom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And you don't strike in water deeper than your net or it sinks and all of your fish just goes over it. Interviewer: Wait a minute. You don't You don't strike in water 252: No deeper than your net. Interviewer: Which is about 252: Approximately seven feet. Interviewer: I I didn't know it was that shallow the 252: Well this is shallow country Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 252: #2 where you # doing this fishing. It's a very shallow country. Now if you wanted to do some deep water fishing, you head off shore. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Well then how does the fish get caught in the net? How do you how do you set the net out? 252: It's just a square mesh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And when that fish hits it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: His head is sharp. But then he tapers off. He gets caught under his gills. That's why it's called a gill net. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And he can't go ahead, or he can't back out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's the uh other kind you mentioned? 252: Seine net Interviewer: uh-huh 252: is a net that you drag. You pull it in and pull all the fish in in a in a seine which is a long pocket. All of them fish will be in like a bag when you get them in. Interviewer: You mean you have? I was watching this fellow mend a net #1 um # 252: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: There were actually two nets. I mean two. What I would call two nets. 252: Yeah #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: Well actually it's that's what is called a pocket net, or a trammel net. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: He has two He has a net really Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: in the center and a pair s- trammels on both sides of it. Interviewer: What is the trammels now? 252: Trammel is what makes the pocket. This net Is approximately by itself would fish in eight or nine feet of water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: But the trammels that's holds it together makes it a pocket net now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Well only fish in six so there you four you've got two feet of net there. That when that fish hits it he makes a pocket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: He's just in a bag out there. He can't back up or he can't go ahead. #1 That's why it's # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 252: called a pocket net. Interviewer: It's looser now so he can carry 252: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: That's what we call bunt. Interviewer: What do you mean bunt? 252: Bunt is your net's deeper than your trammel so when that fish hits it he #1 Takes up the # Interviewer: #2 Oh, I see. # 252: slack #1 web. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 252: And makes a pocket. Interviewer: {NW} So that the trammel looks sort of like fence then? 252: Yeah. Yeah. #1 Big, yeah, big # Interviewer: #2 Just square. # 252: squares mm. Interviewer: uh-huh They just have it on one side or? 252: No they have it on both #1 sides. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 On both sides. # How? How would you if? Okay, you're going to go out fishing you how do you throw out the net? How do you #1 you? # 252: #2 You # run it off with the motor. Or either a long a fourteen foot poling oar. Now at night when you can't see too good what you're doing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You have a long stick with a blade on it. What we call a pole oar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And you pole that you shove that skiff boat. Approximately seventeen to eighteen foot skiff boat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And you shove it by hand. Interviewer: #1 The water's shallow enough that you can touch the bottom. # 252: #2 Oh yes. Oh sure. # You are hardly ever in over six or seven feet of water where you're fishing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Lot of people now in the day time, they use what is known as bird dogs. They run them off of the boat with a motor. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well Do you have the net out in a circle? 252: #1 Mostly. Mostly # Interviewer: #2 Or in a straight line? # 252: in a circle yes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: So you have closed those fish in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Then you just wait a few minutes? 252: We you beat in the water. Raise hell. #1 Stomp. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: And scare 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Sit down and wait fifteen twenty minutes and What's going to hit has usually already hit that net. Then you take it up by hand. Interviewer: What's you mentioned another kind of net that drags. 252: Drag net. Interviewer: That's different now from the? 252: Well it's a pocket net, but it's hung different. And you drag that. You once you've circled your fish in Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: you get over board and drag it up. To where the circle is no bigger than that. They either hit go under or go over. Because you drug them all up in one little circle. Interviewer: uh-huh. How how are you go over? 252: You get over board. Interviewer: What do you mean you get over board? 252: You just jump over. Interviewer: #1 You jump in the water and start? # 252: #2 Sure. # You have to. Interviewer: Then you just start? #1 Pulling that net into a into a circle? # 252: #2 They pull in that net until you get it # right up to where the circle is no bigger than that. Interviewer: No bigger than? Than? 252: Than. Interviewer: Your arms #1 Together? # 252: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: What about um this someone was telling me about some way of having nets so you could have very long nets and something about a pole or {X} Do you ever use very long nets? 252: The average {C: static} the about as long a net as the average fisherman use will range something like about maybe four hundred yards long. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: That's about that's that's a pretty good net. Interviewer: mm-hmm Are they ever set out in any other way besides just in circles? Do you ever just #1 just have? # 252: #2 Yeah oh # yeah that's what you call driving. Interviewer: Drive? 252: Driving. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's that? 252: Well at night. You'll make a half moon. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: With this long net. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: And then you will go up approximately two hundred yards in shore and go to beating and drive those fish out on your net. Now in the daytime You do that for trout. Because trout usually don't go around your net but mullet Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: will take and just go right on around your net and keep going. But you do that at night for mullet #1 where they # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 252: don't see as good. Interviewer: hmm 252: #1 But in # Interviewer: #2 How # 252: the daytime that won't work. You have to circle 'em. Interviewer: This water is shallow enough so you can see when you have a lot of fish in an area. 252: Sure. You know when you've got 'em and when you haven't. Interviewer: I mean when when you're deciding where to set the net at you just? 252: #1 Well you find your # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: fish. This mullet jumps. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Flips. And lot of times they will be up on an oyster bar. You just round up the whole oyster bar. Get in there and beat 'em off it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: It's something that would be interesting if you never seen it. Interviewer: Yeah I never. 252: {NW} Interviewer: That's when I saw him fixing the net. That's the first time I'd ever looked at a net even. 252: Is that right? Interviewer: Do people around here ever go out in deep water? 252: Oh yeah they go uh grouper fishing. Interviewer: This is all the the lines. 252: Yeah. Interviewer: Not you can't use a net at all? 252: No not out there. You're in thirty forty feet hundred feet of water. That's strictly a hand line fishing. Interviewer: uh-huh. 252: {D: Tell you.} I went grouper fishing my wife and I here about a month and a half ago. #1 About # Interviewer: #2 Did you catch anything? # 252: Yeah, we I caught one grouper, but we caught a lot of little fish. What we call blackfish. Interviewer: {NW} What's a blackfish? 252: One of these good eating fishes. They hardly ever get over two pounds at the biggest. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: But they are a good eating fish. Interviewer: They're deep sea 252: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Fish? # 252: Yeah. Yeah, we were catching them in about seventy feet of water. {NS} That is about thirty-five miles off shore. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Well you don't see land for several hours. Interviewer: Do most of the people around here. Do they have a small boat and usually just two or three people go out? 252: Mostly. {NS} It's hardly ever over two. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: And now it's mostly just one. Interviewer: How can they manage with just one? 252: Well now well he can handle that net. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 252: #2 He can # handle it pretty good. Right by his self. Interviewer: This is this with a bird dog? #1 {X} # 252: #2 That's # with the bird dog yeah. Or a skiff boat, either one. Interviewer: Why would anyone need two people? 252: Well, it makes his work easier. One pulls the lead line. The other one pulls the cork line. It makes it a lot easier. But then there's two of you to share in that Interviewer: #1 {X} # 252: #2 catch # instead of one. That's when it makes it harder. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, I guess so. # 252: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um Did you move around much when you were small? Did you? 252: Did I what? Interviewer: Did you move around much or did you live in the same house? 252: Oh no. We moved. {NS} Goodness god almighty. Interviewer: #1 Yeah it's not glaring in. # 252: #2 {X} # No we'd move in I guess five or six times. In my lifetime. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about that? Is there one house that you remember particularly well, you know, that you lived in for 252: It was oh, not much different from any of the rest of 'em. Interviewer: #1 I thought # 252: #2 Every # damn one of 'em leaked. Interviewer: {NW} I would like to get an idea of what it looked like. Do you think you could sort of make a sketch of it, of the floor plan or just describe the floor plan to me? What way the rooms were and? 252: No. That's about the one thing I'm not is no architect. But it was just an ordinary small house three to four room house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just Uh, was it a shotgun type house or, you know, one room behind the other where there Where there a room here and a room here and then two rooms behind here or 252: Mm similar to that. Some of 'em were and some of 'em wasn't. Interviewer: Uh-huh There You say it had about four rooms #1 in it? # 252: #2 Yeah # Usually four rooms Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: was about the extent of it. Interviewer: What when you first walk in what what room would you be in? 252: You walked in the living room. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 252: #2 Just # like you walk right in right here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: When you come in that door. Usually the kitchen set off like that and then it was much bigger. Interviewer: Was it behind the living room? 252: Yeah. Come out of the kitchen the living room and then your bedroom's usually in the back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well say say if you {NS} Is it a square? Was it s- #1 square? # 252: #2 Most all # of 'em were built on the same type. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Then 252: You come in the front door here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Usually your kitchen was a big room where you cooked and eat in it. Interviewer: uh-huh 252: Then. Interviewer: It was? There would there be a wall this way or? 252: Yeah. The bedrooms would sit over here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: And back then, you didn't have no bathrooms. You used outhouses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Was there any hall? 252: Usually there was a little hall in there. Interviewer: Where where would the hall be? 252: Down the middle of the room. Your bedrooms would sit on both side. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So just a hall right? 252: mm-hmm {D: Little halls} into that one right there Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um. Was the hall was there a hall between the living room and the #1 kitchen or? # 252: #2 No. # It usually started just similar to this trailer right here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: It just started after you left your living room. Interviewer: Oh, I see. This this was a living room here or? 252: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And this was the kitchen next to it? 252: Uh-huh. That usually took up half of your house right there. Interviewer: The kitchen did? 252: The kitchen and your living room. Then your bed rooms was usually on both sides down the hallway. Interviewer: What about out here? Was there? 252: Out here? Interviewer: Yeah. If you stepped out of the living room you'd be on the? 252: {X} When you come in you see you come in your living room just like you come in that now that #1 we have # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: this built on there. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 252: #2 But before # we built that on you come right in your living room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Then you went in your kitchen. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Just exactly like this trailer's set up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well, if you walked out of the living room, would you? 252: Be going right down that hallway but on this trailer Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Uh, the hallway sits there on the side of the building, but it was down the middle of the building. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: And your bedrooms was on both sides of the hallway. Interviewer: What about outside the house? Did you have? If you walked outside the house would you just be out in the yard or would? #1 you have? # 252: #2 Be out # right out in the yard. You come right out of the yard right into the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You didn't have any porch or any #1 thing? # 252: #2 Well # usually there was a little porch on most all of the buildings. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um How did you heat your house? 252: With a fire place. And a wood heater. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Now in my very early days it was a fireplace. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: And it would freeze you to damn death. Interviewer: {NW} 252: And then they got wood heaters. Interviewer: Uh-huh 252: Every house had a chimney on it then. You cooked with wood on wood stoves. Until they went to kerosene stoves. Now gas stoves. Now electric stoves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about on the fireplace? That part on the floor in front of the fire place. Maybe made out of rock or brick or something. 252: {X} Interviewer: Do do you know what I mean? The 252: #1 Well the # Interviewer: #2 Towards the # the floor of #1 the fireplace. # 252: #2 {X} # Well it came off of the fireplace right the floor. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you have a special name for that? Did you ever hear? 252: Mm no. You can go right over there in that rec room and get a look at that one and that's similar. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a hearth or hearth? 252: Hearth. Interviewer: What what part of the fireplace is that? 252: That's coming off of the front of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of people cooking on a fire place or? 252: Oh sure. You take right over here in the rec room. Get up and come go with me and let me show you what a fireplace looks like. -place you ever seen? Interviewer: This is a pretty large fireplace. That's four 252: That's good four feet. Interviewer: Uh, you know that part above the fire place? 252: Yeah. Interviewer: You call that? That you can set {D: blocks of things on} 252: Yeah. Call it the to me, you call it a shelf. Interviewer: Okay. 252: I don't know what other people call it. Interviewer: What about the things that you lay the wood across on inside the fireplace? 252: What are they called {D: Francy?} Auxiliary 1: Andirons mostly. 252: What? Auxiliary 1: Andirons. {NW} 252: Hand iron? Auxiliary 1: Andiron. 252: Andirons. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of that? 252: I've heard it before but I don't know what the hell it means. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of dog irons? 252: #1 Dog irons. # Interviewer: #2 Fire dogs? # 252: Yeah fire dogs. Yeah everybody calls 'em different things. Interviewer: What what sounds most familiar to you? 252: Fire dogs sounds more to me, familiar. I've hear 'em called that more. Interviewer: If you were going to start a fire what kind of wood do you use for starter? 252: Pine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Then lay your oak logs on it. Interviewer: What would you call that kind of rich pine that you would use for starting it? 252: Just uh Fat lighter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about, uh, taking a big piece of wood and setting it toward the back of the fireplace, and it'd burn all night. 252: These oak logs do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear a special name for for that though? 252: No. Interviewer: Do you ever hear back back stick or back log or? 252: I have not. Hey. Interviewer: Hi. Auxiliary 2: {X} Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 252: #2 Hmm # Auxiliary 2: Since Monday. Auxiliary 1: Well that's a shame. Auxiliary 2: Feeling better now. {X} 252: Now there's a fellow right there that can give you a lot of history he's got an old shoebox full of arrowheads that he's found, he has six. Auxiliary 2: {D: Wilson's} done past viewing arrowheads. 252: Is that right? Auxiliary 2: Three about that long. Beautiful perfect {X} Two three of 'em. 252: He spends his time walking up the beaches picking up arrowheads. And he does have a nice collection. Auxiliary 1: Listen I hope we didn't impose on you {X}. Interviewer: Oh. You know the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 252: Smut. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other names for that? 252: Mm Soot, lotta people call it soot but it's mud. Auxiliary 1: I want to make my {X} Interviewer: What about the things that you shuffle out of the fireplace? 252: That is ashes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: After you burn so much wood over there you got Auxiliary 1: I burn it up 252: Shovel the ashes out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And some of the things you have in the house, the thing that I'm sitting on, you call a? 252: {D: Gold chair.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about that thing there that? 252: That's a davenport. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 252: Yeah, we use it for {D: bath.} {NW} Interviewer: {NS} What else besides a a 252: Settee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about sof- 252: Sofa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that all the same thing? 252: That's all the same thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What different things um could people have in their bedrooms for keeping clothes in? 252: Closets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's built in isn't it? 252: That's usually build in, yes. Interviewer: Do you ever hear a closet called a locker? 252: I've heard of lockers. Interviewer: Is that the same #1 thing? # 252: #2 It's # same thing. Interviewer: Isn't that the word they use on a boat? The lock- 252: Lockers? Interviewer: W- would you ever call a closet in your house a locker? 252: No I would call it a closet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 What ab- # 252: #2 On # a boat, we called it a locker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: The locker room. Interviewer: What about the Uh If you didn't have a built in closet what might you have? 252: Shoot usually do what I do every morning throw 'em on a chair put 'em on the bed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Floor. Interviewer: Well what if you had something made with drawers in it or 252: You'd uh you'd you'd cram stuff in there just to get 'em out of the way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you have with drawers in it? 252: A dresser. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Anything else besides a dresser? 252: Mm no. Interviewer: You ever hear of a bureau or? 252: Bureau, yeah. It's the same thing. Interviewer: Is one of them more old fashioned or? 252: Well I like the bureau. It's more old fashioned than the dresser. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about things that they used to have at um you could hang your clothes up in? 252: That's a closet. Interviewer: Well before they had built in closets uh. 252: Hangers. Interviewer: What's the hanger on? 252: It's a pole sticking across your room where you can hang your clothes on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear something um {NS} a wardrobe or? 252: Wardrobe yeah. Interviewer: What does a wardrobe look like? 252: It's a build in thing you put your clothes on. Yeah. Interviewer: It's built in? 252: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Like 252: And it has drawers. Interviewer: Is it like a closet then? 252: It's similar, very. Interviewer: What about something similar to a wardrobe that isn't built in? 252: Hmm. Interviewer: #1 Did you ever # 252: #2 That's # {X} Interviewer: An armoire or chifforobe? 252: No. Interviewer: And a general name for the things that you have in the house all the tables and chairs and things. A general name for that would be? 252: Furniture. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear it called house fixings or {X}? 252: No. Call a lot of this {D: flounder} Interviewer: What do you mean by flounder? Just? 252: Outdated. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: In the way. Interviewer: Just 252: Mostly I call it junk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a a room that could be used for things that you don't know where else to put them? 252: As a junk room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And something um {D: unroll or sit.} You having a window To pull down to keep out the light. You call those 252: Shades. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And 252: What the hell you think I just pulled cross there to keep that sun out of your face {D: well and good?} Interviewer: Do you do you think of this as shades too? 252: Sure. Interviewer: This? 252: Isn't that shade get sun out of your face? Interviewer: Well what uh the things that pull down, you would call those shades? 252: #1 Those are shades too # Interviewer: #2 These you pull across. # 252: yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about curtains? Is that the same as #1 shades? # 252: #2 That's # the same thing, it keeps the s- sh- shades yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the the covering on the top of the house is called the? 252: Roof. Interviewer: And the things along the edges of the roof to carry the water off? 252: Hmm. Drains? Interviewer: Uh-huh. How how are they built in or do they hang there or? 252: They hang there. They're hanging all over this trailer Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about when you have a house in an L? The place where they come together? That's the? 252: Well you have a drain there. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you ever hear that called the valley? 252: No. {NS} Interviewer: What about the room at the top of the house? Just under the roof. 252: That's a {D: dais.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or the space between the ceiling and the the roof. 252: Just usually a junk room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear it called the attic #1 or? # 252: #2 Attic # Yeah. Interviewer: Garret? 252: Yeah attic mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever see kitchens uh built differently from how they're built now? Like 252: Hmm, yes. Quite a bit. Interviewer: How were they different? 252: Well, they were different because they were larger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You cook the meat usually mostly in the same room. In the kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever see kitchens built separately from the rest of #1 the house? # 252: #2 Oh # yes. Oh yes. Interviewer: How? 252: You had a little room there that you eat in, you had one that you cooked in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Why were they built separately? 252: Cause that's the way people want them, they had the house built like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh so no 252: #1 That was it, no. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: {X} Interviewer: And a little room off the kitchen, where you could store canned goods and extra dishes and things. 252: That's one of them right {D: down there.} Interviewer: What would you call it? 252: Storeroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear of a pantry or a 252: #1 Pantry. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: Pantry yeah. Interviewer: mm-hmm and talking about the daily housework um say {NS} a woman would say, if her house was a big mess, she'd say she had to? {NS} Do what? 252: Clean it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the thing she sweeps with would be a 252: Broom. Interviewer: And if the broom was in the corner, and the door was open so that the door was sort of hiding the broom, You say the broom was 252: In the closet. Interviewer: Well, that's not in the closet, it's in the corner. And the door's open, so you can't see the broom. You say the broom is? Where? In relation to the door? 252: She probably hid it to keep from using {NW} Interviewer: She hid it where? 252: In the corner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you'd say it's back of the door or 252: #1 Back of the door # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: is a good place, and sweep all the trash under the rug. Interviewer: Under the what? 252: Rug. Too far to sweep it to the door, that's where they usually sweep. Interviewer: {NW} 252: {NW} Interviewer: Um. Say you had a two story house, to get from the first floor to the second? 252: They know who didn't clean the upstairs always clean the downstairs and wouldn't let nobody go up there. #1 Get # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: the company downstairs. Interviewer: Did you ever live in a large two #1 story house? # 252: #2 Oh yes. # I lived upstairs and we always swept the trash down the stairs and let them take it from there. Interviewer: Um. The thing that uh from the porch to the ground you To get from the porch to the ground you have some 252: Steps? Interviewer: Okay. Do you remember um 252: What are you trying to do, see how much sense I got or how little I ain't got? {NS} Interviewer: I'm just interested in the different expressions and things from around here. 252: You'll get some good ones. Interviewer: Do you remember um you seen different kinds of porches? Built like the porches go all the way around the house? 252: Oh yeah. Yeah and go all the way around the house and halfway around the house, and right and little porch in front of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did any of the porches have special names? 252: Yeah porches. Interviewer: Did you ever hear piazza or #1 gallery or? # 252: #2 No # they use that up north. Interviewer: What do they call them? {NS} 252: I don't know what they call them cuz I ain't never been up north. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you never heard anything but porch around here? 252: Porches. Interviewer: And the you know some houses have boards on the outside that sort of lap over each other? 252: Yeah. Interviewer: You call those 252: Boards. Interviewer: What you know the the design. Where the outside of the house is, Instead of being brick something it's covered with uh long boards that That are, fixed by lapping over each other. 252: Mm-hmm. That's a wood house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear a clapboard or weatherboarding? 252: Weatherboarding. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Mostly what they called it round then. Interviewer: And say if you wanted to, to hang up a picture, you take a nail and a? 252: Drive it into the wall. Interviewer: With a? 252: Hammer. Interviewer: mm-kay So you say I took the hammer and I, what the nail in? 252: You knock the hell out of it. {NW} Interviewer: Using the word drive you? 252: Drive. Interviewer: #1 I took the hammer and I # 252: #2 {X} # Drove the nail in. Interviewer: Okay. 252: Wall. Interviewer: And if it didn't get in far enough, you say, it's gotta be. 252: You usually hit your thumb and curse {X} For about thirty minutes and try it again. Interviewer: Uh-huh, so you say, the nail's gotta be. What in further? 252: It's gotta be drove in further. Interviewer: Okay. And, if the door was open and you didn't want it to be. You'd ask somebody to, 252: {NW} Interviewer: If the door is open, and you don't want it to be, you'd tell someone to 252: Close the damn door. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Or is that # 252: #2 You'd say # {D: cold wind out.} Interviewer: Another word you could use instead of close, you'd say. 252: Shut it. Interviewer: Okay. Where would y'all use to keep wood? 252: Right by the stove and the fireplace. Interviewer: Do you ever have any little buildings? 252: Had little boxes you kept it in wooden boxes. Interviewer: What about tools? Where were they 252: You had 'em in the tool shed. Under the bed scattered all over the house that's where mine's at now. Scattered all over the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh 252: Takes me thirty minutes to find my hammer to do two minutes worth of work with it. Interviewer: Um, you mentioned the the the outhouse, any other names for that? 252: Yeah but I don't think I should {D: mention it um} {NW} {X} Bathhouse, we'd better let that go with that. Interviewer: Okay. What, did anyone around here um Do any sort of farming when you were young? Or was everybody 252: Everybody had their own gardens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You see I came up right during the depression. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Everybody had their little garden. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And a bunch of chickens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Because money was hard to get a hold of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You didn't make no money nobody didn't have no money you caught what you eat and you raised what you eat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Like the chickens produced our breakfast every morning, the eggs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: We'd steal a hog every now and then so we could have some bacon and a little grease. And fish clams oysters scallops. Crabs. We caught all that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And we spent our money for booze. Always keep your money for booze cause they wouldn't give you that. Interviewer: What different on a farm, what different buildings did you have? 252: I don't know, I never lived on a farm. Interviewer: Did, well say where would you store hay? 252: Throw it in a barn I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: If you didn't eat it. Interviewer: What about the upper part of the barn? Where you'd store the hay, you'd call that the? 252: No, I'm telling you I'm not no farmer, I'm a fisherman. Interviewer: But I wanna ask you. 252: #1 That's a attic too # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: I guess. Interviewer: Huh? 252: That's up in the attic too. Interviewer: What about um if you had too much hay? To put up there, you could leave it outside in a? #1 Did you ever see. # 252: #2 mm # Interviewer: Or hear about hay left out. 252: In the shed? Interviewer: Well, not in a shed, they, they'd take a pole and they, {NS} Um. Pile the hay up around this pole. And they call that a? 252: Yeah you barely drew a thought through a farm, now you're getting out of my line. Interviewer: Um, do you ever hear of a haystack or hayrick? 252: Oh yeah. I ain't ever been on no hay ride either. Interviewer: {NW} 252: I've been telling you I'm strictly fisherman, I'm not no farmer. Interviewer: I'm gonna ask you somethings about the farm just as you if you've never heard of them you know, just tell me that but you know, some of these you might be familiar with. Did you ever hear of a a hay doodle or hay shock or haymow? 252: No. Interviewer: Anything like that? Or second cutting or ladder mat? 252: No. Interviewer: What about a place for storing corn? That'd be a? 252: Well you store it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Store it in the barn. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a crib or? 252: Crib? Yes. #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 crib # 252: Yeah. Interviewer: What does the crib look like? 252: Damn if I don't know I Interviewer: #1 never been a little a low-born. # 252: #2 You # Interviewer: You just heard the 252: #1 Just heard the word. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Have you ever heard of a granary? or granary? 252: No Interviewer: And 252: And I wouldn't know what it was if I did. Interviewer: But I don't think they have those in this part of the country like um where would you Did people around here have cows? Any of them? 252: {NW} Out there in the woods yes but not down here on the island there's not a cow here. Interviewer: Uh-huh But someone did have cows um Do you know what sort of shelter they they'd have for them what they? Where they'd keep the cows? 252: No Interviewer: You'd What about horses? Did anyone have horses here? 252: {NW} Just for the pleasure of having a pony something like that. Interviewer: mm-hmm. What buildings would they have for the horse? 252: Well I had mine down there in what I call the barn. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Just a shed. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd turn them out to graze? in the 252: Yeah I usually went down there and fed that damn mule. {NS} too damn lazy to get out and eat. And there ain't nothing out here the graze on sand {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well uh when people who who have farms um Did they have a lot of cows they'd let the cows graze in the? 252: Field. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did you call that? the the p- 252: Pasture. Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever hear of um having a fenced in place out in the pasture where you could leave the cows overnight milking 'em? 252: {NW} I don't know. I never milk no cow. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a cow pen or a milk calf? 252: Mm yeah. Interviewer: What did you 252: #1 A cow pen? # Interviewer: #2 What did you # Uh-huh 252: yeah about the milk guy but I don't know nothing bout that. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Did you ever see a cow pen? Do you know what it looks like? 252: No. Interviewer: And {NS} the fenced in place around the barn where the animals can walk around you call that the? 252: I don't know what you call well I'm telling you I'm not no farmer. Interviewer: Well that's okay. I'm I'm just interested in um which expressions you've heard of. You know? um Do you ever Your people talk about a stable a lot? or a cow lot 252: #1 or a barnyard # Interviewer: #2 Well we talk # 252: about the stable. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you think of a what do you associate a stable with? 252: The shed something you lock 'em up in. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Horses or cows? 252: Horses and cows. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about hogs? Where would you keep hogs? If a person did have a a place for hogs. 252: Keep 'em in a pen. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Most of 'em for years run wild around here. Interviewer: Oh they did? 252: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Where they dangerous? 252: No. They just just fed all over a hundred and thirty two thousand acres of that land {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: Eight or ten people had hog claims. and they'd just run wild. Interviewer: Had hog claims? 252: Yeah. Interviewer: What do you mean? 252: Well they Every man that owned hogs cuts his mark in his ear. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Each one of 'em his on record. Interviewer: mm-hmm 252: And When they were little pigs A month old they would cut their hog mark in their ear and turn 'em loose and they just fed wild. Interviewer: Hmm 252: But when they got ready to catch 'em they would take a couple dogs out there and bay 'em and you could catch 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 252: That went on for years and years. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Until another a company Georgia Pacific bought {X}. and give 'em six months to get their hogs out. And what they didn't get out They're wild game now. You kill them just like deer. Interviewer: Do people hunt them now? 252: Oh yes definitely. Interviewer: They're good to eat huh? 252: You ain't cu- they're just as good as any hog you'll ever eat. Interviewer: Hmm. 252: Yeah they're wild game. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Same as deer now. Interviewer: Oh You said you had chickens. Where would you keep them? 252: Keep 'em in a pen in a fence. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Sit there with gun to keep somebody from stealing. {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever have any little shelters for the chickens? 252: Uh-huh. {NS} That's what we call chicken pens. Interviewer: mm-hmm. What about uh a place for the mother hen and the little chicks? {NS} 252: And then what we call a chicken coop. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How's that built? 252: That's just a little shed forms {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm. Auxiliary: Excuse me a minute. You got a You got a five? 252: A five? Auxiliary: Uh-huh. 252: Yeah. You don't Did you say a five? Auxiliary: Yeah. 252: No I have a ten. Auxiliary: No that won't do any good. 252: Well I don't have a five. I might have Interviewer: #1 Got two fives? # Auxiliary: #2 No # Interviewer: #1 No # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 One ten. # Auxiliary: #2 {NS} # 252: I've got five ones. Interviewer: No. Auxiliary: Well give her five Uh Give me five ones. and I'll give her the I know that's not right {NW} Give her five ones and that'll make ten. No 252: {X} Auxiliary: #1 Give # Interviewer: #2 Give # Auxiliary: #1 Nope # Interviewer: #2 Give him five ones. # Auxiliary: #1 Here that was my five. # Interviewer: #2 That's your five. # #1 Okay you can # Auxiliary: #2 But you still ain't gonna like it alright. # Interviewer: That won't work out right. 252: {NW} Auxiliary: Hmm Okay I'm still trying to get five dollars. {NS} Interviewer: If you wanted to make a hen start laying what could you put in her nest to fool her? 252: Just some straw in there is all I ever put in there. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of the nest egg? 252: Yeah. Yeah I've had several nest eggs. Interviewer: Uh huh. What would that be made out of? 252: Damn if I know It's made out of some kinda plastic stuff Interviewer: Uh-huh. You said you had a real good set of dishes. Your dishes would be made out of? 252: Clay. {NW} Interviewer: Something that that breaks real easy. You'd be 252: Sure. Interviewer: What what are your best dishes? 252: {X} Interviewer: It'd be Ch- 252: China. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had an egg made out of that That'd be a? 252: Counter egg Interviewer: Uh-huh and A hen on a nest of eggs is called a 252: A Setting Interviewer: Hmm? 252: Just called setting on them Setting on them eggs. Interviewer: You call her a Setting hen then? 252: Yeah Interviewer: What about the You know when you're when you're eating chicken There's a bone that goes like this. 252: It's called a wishbone. Interviewer: Any stories about that? 252: Yeah You supposed to break it and the one who gets the shortest end supposed to make a wish. That's a whole bunch of bull. Interviewer: Did um 252: No it doesn't work. {NW} It's just some kinda bull somebody thought of two hundred years ago. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um A place where they had a lot milk cows and they sell the milk and butter A place like that would be called a? 252: A dairy. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that word dairy used to mean anything else besides the big farm like that? 252: No Interviewer: Do you remember before they had refrigerators um where y'all used to keep milk and butter? To keep it from going bad. 252: In the ice-box. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Do y'all have an ice-box ever since you could remember? 252: Well mostly we had something for cooling systems. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 252: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever? # 252: Did you wanna say something? Interviewer: No. 252: These uh coming around here might say feeding time. These around here they'll they already wanting to fly. Interviewer: What kind of birds are they? 252: There's the black birds martins sparrows Interviewer: Hmm that's interesting How long 252: They'll be right back. Interviewer: How long have you had 252: That? Interviewer: a bird feeder? 252: Oh about six months. Costs me more money to feed them than it does her to feed me. Interviewer: {NW} Did Do you ever hear about a way of storing potatoes or turnips here in the Winter? 252: No like I'm telling yeah I never did indulge in no farming. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: So therefore I don't know much about it. #1 The only way I # Interviewer: #2 You always had a garden? # 252: stored them was to eat them. Interviewer: {NW} Say if you planted sweet potatoes if you planted just a small area with just sweet potatoes you'd call that a sweet potato? 252: Bed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And I know that um I know y'all never did any cotton raising or anything 252: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 around here. # But did you ever hear um when people would spin the cotton out with the hoe? Did you ever hear of what um what they said they were doing? When they'd 252: #1 they'd go out there with the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-uh. # Did you ever hear the expression chopping or scraping cotton? 252: Um nope. Interviewer: If you were gonna plant a garden here what sort of grass would you have to watch out for? 252: sand spur Weeds. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Any special kinds of weeds? 252: Yeah every kind you can think of or ever heard of Interviewer: What are #1 I'm sorry # 252: #2 Grass # Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: and weeds. Interviewer: mm-hmm. sand spurs would be the biggest problem. 252: Yes. Out here especially. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Does anybody kill them? 252: If you dig them up by the roots. Interviewer: That Do you have any poison or anything for them? 252: Yeah you can get a spray that kills it. Interviewer: What different kinds of fences did people used to have around the property? 252: They had wire fences wood fences And log fences. Interviewer: What's a log fence? 252: Well you just make a fence out of rails Interviewer: The one to go in and out? #1 Like that? # 252: #2 mm-hmm. # Yep. Interviewer: What different kinds of um um wood fences did they have? 252: Well they would just slats Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Boards Sharpen the top point of 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You call that a? 252: That's a wood fence is all I know what it is. Interviewer: What about picket or pail? 252: Picket fences that's what they call it. Picket fence. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the kind of wire they use now the twisted wire that'll catch your clothes on it? 252: Barbed-wire Interviewer: Uh-huh. How would you go about setting up a barbed-wire fence? 252: By running it around your house or your yard in about three layers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: About a foot apart. Two feet apart. Interviewer: What um first of all you have to dig holes for the? 252: Posts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Then you'd take the wire and you'd? 252: Take and stretch it around your yard. Interviewer: For one 252: From one post to another. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever see a a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock? 252: Yeah Interviewer: What was that called? 252: A rock fence. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Did they used to have those in this section or? 252: Not down here but down there in the woods where I've hunted I happened to see one of them. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: They're made completely out of rocks and stones. By hand. Interviewer: Well they just Did people try to trap them and smooth them or 252: Uh on some they did and others they just fit them in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um What did people used to use to carry water in? 252: Buckets pails washtubs jugs #1 Jars # Interviewer: #2 Is there a # 252: Pots Pans Interviewer: Is there a difference to you between a a bucket and a pail? 252: Yeah one is usually wooden and the other one's galvanized. Interviewer: Which is the wooden? 252: The pail. Interviewer: mm-hmm. And the bucket is? 252: Is galvanized. Interviewer: What about the thing you can use for carrying food out to the hogs in? 252: {NW} Interviewer: You call that a? 252: Hog trough? Interviewer: Or the thing you you the bucket or pail you would carry it out in? 252: Well you could use anything you got Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well did you ever hear of a slop bucket or swill pail? 252: Swill pail yeah. Interviewer: That's what you used to call it? 252: mm-hmm. Interviewer: And the thing that um people could use for frying eggs in would be a? 252: {NS} A frying pan. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Do you ever see a frying pan that had little legs on it? You could 252: Yeah Interviewer: Do you remember what that was called? 252: Yeah Frying pan. Interviewer: It didn't matter if it had legs on it or not? 252: It make no difference to me. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression the spider? 252: The spider? Yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: For for a frying pan? 252: mm-hmm. Interviewer: What does the spider look like? 252: It was a smaller thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Than the regular old big frying pan. Interviewer: Was it flat or did it have legs? 252: It had legs on it. {NS} How much longer you gonna interrogate me? Interviewer: Well 252: I'm getting hungry now. Interviewer: You wanna wait until this tape runs out? It should be about ten to fifteen minutes. 252: yeah I guess I can stand it #1 that much longer. # Interviewer: #2 Or I could # Stop it now I think. 252: No I can stand it fifteen more minutes Interviewer: Um if you cut some flowers and wanted to keep them in the house you'd put 'em in a? 252: {NS} In a vase. Interviewer: And 252: When I came up you didn't have no vase You had a jar you put 'em in. Interviewer: {NS} How A long time ago on Monday women would get all the dirty clothes together and go do the? 252: Washing. Interviewer: And on Tuesday? 252: They do the drying. Interviewer: And then they'd? 252: Ironing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Nowadays um you can just send your clothes to a? 252: Laundry. Interviewer: Did people used to use the word laundry much or just say I have 252: When I was coming up honey they didn't have no such thing, you done your own laundry. #1 With a scrub board # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh Which did people use the word though? Did they say I'm gonna do the laundry or did they say? 252: No I'm gonna do the washing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: They ain't never heard of no laundry. Interviewer: What would you know the big black thing you had out in the yard for heating the water? 252: It was a wash pot. Interviewer: Uh-huh Any other name for that? 252: yeah the scalding pot. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something that uh little thing you has a spout to it you could heat up water to make hot tea in? You call that a tea? 252: Teapot? Interviewer: Or something that you put on the stove that you heat up. 252: Oh the coffee pot. Interviewer: Or tea? yeah so looks like a black thing and it had a long spout to it and you heat the water in it you put it directly on the stove. 252: We didn't have none of that. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a kettle? #1 Or a kettle? # 252: #2 Oh a kettle # yeah Interviewer: Uh-huh 252: yeah Interviewer: Did you ever people call the wash pot a kettle? 252: Oh yeah Interviewer: And if you were setting the table or next to each plate for people to eat with you give everyone a? 252: Give 'em something to eat. Interviewer: Well for them to to eat with though. 252: A spoon and forks and knives. Interviewer: And So for someone to cut their food with you'd give 'em a? 252: You give 'em a knife Interviewer: And if the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to go? 252: If they were dirty I would get up and leave too. Interviewer: Well it's after supper. You have to? 252: Clean the dishes. Interviewer: Mm-kay So you you say you have to go what the dishes? 252: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: And after she washes the dishes then she? What them and clear water? 252: She rinses them. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the cloth or rag you use when when you're washing them? You call that the? 252: Wash rag. Interviewer: And when you're drying them? 252: The dry rag. Interviewer: What about um to bathe your face with? You have a? The cloth or rag you use? 252: The wash cloth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: We call it a wash rag. Interviewer: Uh-huh And to dry yourself off with? 252: A towel. Interviewer: And say if you were gonna pour something from a big enough container into something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a? 252: Strainer. Interviewer: Or something that's shaped like this. You call that a? Do you ever hear of a tunnel or a funnel 252: mm-hmm. Interviewer: And something that um people make with sugar cane? 252: They call that syrup. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Any other name for that? 252: Sorghum. Interviewer: mm-hmm. What's the difference? 252: It's all syrup. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called mol-? 252: Molasses? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that the same thing? 252: I don't know. I've never eaten any. Interviewer: Did you ever say you wanna work with sugar cane? 252: Oh yeah They grind sugar cane. Interviewer: To make the syrup? 252: Syrup. Sugar. Interviewer: You know when they uh grinding sugar cane. After they've ground the juice out the the trash of the sugar cane the fibery sort of stuff Do you ever hear a name for that? 252: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 Do you know the name? # 252: What is it? Interviewer: Do you ever hear the term bagasse? #1 Or bagasse? # 252: #2 No # {NS} No Interviewer: And um If you were going to buy molasses or syrup from the store what would it come in? 252: It'd come in bottles Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Jugs Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a stand of molasses? 252: Nah. Interviewer: Or a stand of lard? 252: Nah Interviewer: And something that flour used to come in? 252: Came in sacks. Interviewer: Made out of? 252: Cloth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about something that if you bought about a hundred pounds of flour come in a big wooden? 252: Barrels? Interviewer: Uh-huh And the thing that runs around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 252: Hoops. Interviewer: And something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in? 252: Keg. Interviewer: And You know what a a beer keg or water keg 252: yeah I'm most familiar with that now we getting down to my Interviewer: {NW} The The thing you turn to get the 252: Spigot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about in your yard? What you can hook your hose up to? 252: Spigot. Interviewer: And at the sink? 252: Spigot. Interviewer: The spigot off the mm-kay. Ask If you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster you would hit them with the? 252: Anything you get your hands on {NW} Interviewer: Something that they have leather? 252: Whip Interviewer: Uh-huh. And nowadays if you bought some things at the store the grocer would put 'em in a? 252: A bag. Interviewer: Made out of? 252: Paper. Interviewer: Is a a bag and a sack the same th-? 252: Same thing yeah. Interviewer: What about the the thing that that Auxiliary: Oh lord. Interviewer: The rough brown material that um a bag or sack that that they used to come in? {NS} 252: We call that a croker sack. {NW} You better cut it off. Interviewer: {X} 252: Seventy-two spaces. Interviewer: Really? That's large. 252: yeah. I think we got more reservations for this Easter and this art festival than what we can afford to. #1 All we've # Interviewer: #2 Art # 252: Art festival is Easter Sunday and the next Saturday and Sunday is the art festival. twentieth and twenty-first. Interviewer: It's gonna be here on Cedar Teeth? 252: Oh yeah. That's the biggest thing we have here. Interviewer: Is It's an annual event? 252: Every year. yeah and my god they come from Last year There was so many people in this town. That it would take you thirty minutes to walk the length of the block if you could walk. Interviewer: Gosh. 252: They figured there was thirty five thousand people here and the population of this is seven-hundred. This town So can you imagine people parked down here at this bridge and had to walk to town. Interviewer: Hmm. And who participates in the art festival? Do people? 252: Local people. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 252: #2 Oh # No you mean uh brings the paintings? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Honey all over the damn country. State and out of the state. Interviewer: Gosh. 252: It's the damnedest sight you've ever seen. Auxiliary: Hmm. They went on around I guess they'll be back. 252: yeah they'll stop over there at the offices. Did have you turn the lights Auxiliary: #1 yeah # 252: #2 on? # Interviewer: Oh Did you mention the croker sack? Any other name for that? Did you ever hear of coke sack or gunny sack? 252: Gunny sack yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: But the other one no. Interviewer: What about a if you were gonna carry some corn to the mill to be ground what would you call the amount you could take at one time? 252: I am telling you honey. I ain't never carried no corn to no mill. And I don't know nothing about Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: farming. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression of turn 252: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 corn? # Or What if someone was carrying some wood had all the wood they could carry? 252: Then they'd have an armful. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 252: They had all they could carry. Interviewer: And on a wagon that didn't have a full load you said he just had a? What of wood? 252: Half load. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if the lamp wasn't burning You have to screw in a new? nowadays you'd screw in a new? 252: Burner. Interviewer: Or a new if it's an electric? 252: Bulb. Interviewer: Okay. And to carry the wash out to hang on the lines you would carry it out in a clothes? 252: Basket. Interviewer: And if you open a bottle and wanted to shut it back up you would stick in a? Auxiliary: {D: Bird or Burt} 252: If you've done what? Interviewer: #1 If you open a bottle # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 and wanted to close it back up # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 You could stick in a? # Auxiliary: #2 I've been waiting on you. # 252: A stopper. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What would the stopper be made out? 252: Cork. Interviewer: And Say there was a log across the road. You'd say I tied a chain to it and I? 252: Drug it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say we have what? 252: Moved it. Interviewer: Many logs out of this road. We have? 252: Cleared it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well using the word drag you say we have? 252: Drug it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And If man had a load of wood on his wagon who's driving along You'd say he's {NS} doing what? {NS} 252: Do you have a load of wood on his wagon? Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say he's drawing wood or hauling wood? 252: He's hauling wood. Interviewer: And this is a musical instrument that you play like this. 252: It's a mouth ore Interviewer: mm-hmm. What about one that goes like this. 252: That's um Jew's harp Interviewer: mm-hmm. Do you ever play one of those? 252: Nah. Interviewer: You never played 252: #1 no I never # Interviewer: #2 anything else? # 252: had too much musical instinct. no. Interviewer: Oh. 252: {NW} Interviewer: Did you Did you ever say you have horses when you were little? 252: No. We had We had a horse out here that we bought for her granddaughter. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: For about three years. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: And we give her away to get rid of her. {NS} Interviewer: You really got 252: She was a nuisance. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever see a horse and a wagon? Pulling a wagon? 252: Oh yeah. Interviewer: You know if you have a wagon and two horses there's a long wooden piece that comes between 252: #1 yeah but # Interviewer: #2 the horses. # 252: I don't know what it is. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a tongue or a pole or? 252: Tongue yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about with a buggy? Those wooden pieces on each side? 252: yeah I don't Interviewer: Do you ever hear shafts 252: #1 Shafts # Interviewer: #2 or bills? # 252: yes. Interviewer: And you know on a wagon wheel um starting with the inside you have the hub and the spokes come out and they fit into the? 252: To the wheel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What part of the wheel touches the ground? 252: All of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of a felly or rim of a? 252: No. Interviewer: And if you have a a horse hitched to a wagon barbed wood that the trace is fastened onto? 252: Tacked and No {X} You talking Greek to me now. Interviewer: {NW} Do you ever hear people talk about a swingletree or singletree? 252: Single tree yeah. Interviewer: What about double singletree or 252: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: nothing about that Interviewer: mm-hmm. When you have uh {X} on a car even the things that holds one wheel to the other is the? 252: It's an axle. Interviewer: And if you wanted break up the ground um for planting you'd break it up with a? 252: Plow. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of plows? or? 252: yeah they There's the horsing plow. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Now they have machinery that do us it. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Tractors. Interviewer: Do you ever see something that has a lot of teeth in it? That breaks up the ground finer than a plow does? 252: yeah. And I don't know what it's called either. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear of harrow or harrow? 252: Harrow yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: mm-hmm they're harrowing the ground. Interviewer: What about if someone was gonna chop a log. Do you ever see people make an x-shaped frame like this to set the log in? 252: mm-hmm. It's called a seahorse. Interviewer: mm-hmm. What about the the A-shaped frame that carpenters use? that they It's like this and it has a piece on the top and they use two of these and set a board on them if they're gonna saw a board? 252: That's called a a horse too I think. #1 I'm not sure. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 252: {D: stalk} a seahorse. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And I would straighten my hair using a comb and a? 252: Brush. Interviewer: And if I was gonna use that I would say I'd say I was gonna? 252: Brush my hair. Interviewer: And And Something that you'd put in a pistol would be a? 252: Bullet. Interviewer: Or another name for that? 252: Cartridge. Interviewer: And you'd sharpen a straight razor on a leather? 252: With a hone. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the leather? 252: Razor strap. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you remember when they had razors like? 252: Oh yeah. My daddy used to sharpen his razor all the time on the strap. The straight razor. Interviewer: Those were pretty dangerous aren't they? 252: Well if you know what you're doing and barbers still you use them you know? Interviewer: They do? 252: Oh yes. All your barbers use straight razors. Interviewer: mm-hmm. They shave closer? 252: Mm-hmm Well they can shave better and faster with them. Interviewer: mm-hmm. What about something you'd sharpen a small knife on? 252: That is called a hone. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Or a {D: whip draw.} Interviewer: mm-hmm. What about um larger tools like an ax? How would you sharpen them? 252: On a grind stone. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Or with a file. Most of them use a grind stone. Interviewer: That's a larger 252: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: That's something you ride like a bicycle. And turn that grind stone while you pedaling it. Interviewer: You've done that before. 252: I've seen it done. I've never done it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. For something that children play on that you take a board and fix it like this and it goes up and down. 252: Seahorse. Interviewer: Mm-kay. If you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were? 252: Riding. Interviewer: Okay. What about taking a board and fixing it down at both ends and children would jump up and down on the middle of it. Do you ever hear of doing that? 252: yeah. {NW} What's it called? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a bouncing board? or a joggling board? 252: Bouncing board yeah. Interviewer: How would you build one of those? 252: {NW} What you do is you just most When we were kids lay it across the log Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: And you jump on one end and throw you up in the air and when you come back down it'd on the board it'd throw him up in the air. Interviewer: Sounds kind of dangerous? 252: {NW} yeah but when you were kids you don't see no danger. Interviewer: {NW} Do you ever uh say you want to take a board and fix it in the middle and spin around and around? 252: Nope. Interviewer: Sort of like a merry-go-round that you make at home. Did you ever? 252: {NW} Interviewer: What about tying a long rope to a tree limb and putting a seat on it. You'd make a? 252: Call it a swing. Interviewer: And something you'd use for carrying coal in? 252: Honey we don't know what coal is down here outside of just hearing about it. Interviewer: Uh-huh You say you had a a wood stove um. The thing that runs from the stove up to the chimney is the? 252: Smoke stack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um And if you wanted to move bricks or something heavy like that you'd move 'em with a? 252: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of another name for wheelbarrows? 252: No I don't think. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of Georgia buggy? 252: {NW} Interviewer: And the thing that people drive nowadays they call that a? 252: A car. Interviewer: Any other names for a car? 252: Jeeps Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Wagons Interviewer: And 252: Airplanes Interviewer: What about another name for car though? 252: A buggy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um If something was squeaking to lubricate it you'd say you had to? 252: Oil it. Interviewer: Or you put the {X} 252: You grease it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You say yesterday he? He did that to his car you say yesterday he? 252: He greased it. Interviewer: And if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all? 252: Greasy Interviewer: And if your door hinge was squeaking you'd just? 252: Put a little oil on that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did people use to burn in lamps? 252: Kerosene Coal oil Interviewer: mm-hmm. Do you ever hear people um people making a lamp themselves using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? 252: yeah Interviewer: How'd they make it? 252: By putting the kerosene in the bottle and putting the rag in the neck of it Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: and sticking fire to it. Interviewer: What would they call it? 252: {NW} They call 'em lamps. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a flambeau 252: Yes ma'am I sure have. And they call that that. Interviewer: They called it? 252: Flambeau. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: The kind of flambeau I use is a different flambeau Interviewer: What kind do you use? 252: When I'm fishing at night Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: I rag wrap one of these croker bags around an iron rod Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Approximately a foot long Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: This croker bag and pour gas on it and set it a fire. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: And it scares them fish out of their wits at night. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You hold on to the end of the rod and? 252: No I stick it down in the little place I got in my boat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: And it's it's about six feet long {D: it's up that high above on a scale.} Interviewer: The rod's about? 252: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Hmm. 252: And that fire's just a burning. I light up the whole area. And it scares them fish into screaming fits. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 252: Now that's what we call a flambeau Similar to the little bottle. Interviewer: That's pretty common around here. 252: Used to be. They'd about outlawed it now because of the gas ration. You use gasoline on that. Interviewer: What do people use now #1 to get them light? # 252: #2 Hit light. # It's not fit to run off a battery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: That you got on your head and you just flash it out there with the water and scare those fish. Interviewer: You said people make noise too When they just to scare the fish? 252: Well they beat on their boats stomp on the seats in the boat This loud it will even scare you. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well I guess it would if you didn't know what was going on. 252: {NW} Interviewer: Um Inside the tire of a car you have the inner? 252: Inner tube Interviewer: And someone had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water for the first time you'd say they were gonna? 252: Oh you're gonna launch it. Interviewer: mm-hmm. What different kinds of boats are there around here? 252: There are bird dogs skip boats launches sailboats Interviewer: What do the launches look like? 252: They're a small boats around twenty twenty-four feet long with a little cabin on them. Interviewer: Are they pointed or flat? 252: Oh they're pointed definitely. Interviewer: At both ends? Interviewer: {NS} Is it {X} 252: Usually about twelve fourteen feet long Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: That's why we call 'em bateaus. Interviewer: It's Is it pointed or #1 flat? # 252: #2 It's pointed. # Interviewer: Pointed at one end or both end? 252: No One end flat and square in the middle Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um Say if a if a child was just learning to dress themself the mother would bring in the clothes and tell 'em Here Put your clothes here. 252: Hmm. Interviewer: How'd she say that? 252: Put 'em on. Interviewer: Well she hands it to him. She says here 252: Dress Dress yourself. Interviewer: Would you say here is your clothes or here are your clothes 252: Here are your clothes? Interviewer: Okay. And Say if you were taking a child to the dentist and he was scared the dentist might say you don't need to be scared I 252: #1 I'm not gonna hurt you. # Interviewer: #2 what? # Mm-kay. Do you ever use the word ain't? 252: I use it all the time. Interviewer: How do you use it? 252: I ain't gonna do that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: I'm not I ain't bout to. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And Say if I ask you was that you I saw in town yesterday you might say no it? 252: Hell no that was somebody else Interviewer: But it what 252: But it what? Interviewer: But You say it wasn't I or it wasn't me? 252: It's not it ain't me. You know hell no. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 252: Especially if you caught me some other woman Hell no that ain't me. Interviewer: And Say if a woman wanted to buy a dress for a certain color She'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a? 252: Example. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And Something that a woman would wear over her dress in the kitchen? 252: It's an apron. Interviewer: And you sign your name in ink you'd use a? 252: {NS} Pen. Interviewer: And to hold the baby's diaper in place? 252: A pin. Interviewer: Do you pronounce those words the 252: #1 Safety # Interviewer: #2 same? # 252: pin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And soup that you buy comes in a can made out of? 252: Tin. Interviewer: And a dime is worth? 252: Ten cent. Interviewer: And what would a man wear to church on Sunday? 252: He might go as a stripper. Interviewer: {NW} 252: {NW} A streaker. {NW} They streaking all over the place. He's liable to streak through the church. Interviewer: Have you had streakers down here? 252: Not yet but we expecting some any time. Interviewer: I guess in the summer you'll 252: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 you get some. # Well if he was dressed up though what would he be wearing? 252: A suit. Interviewer: And if he just bought it It would be a brand? 252: New suit Interviewer: Do you remember when they had the three piece suit? 252: Oh yeah. Interviewer: What what were the pieces of that? 252: Oh your your coat your pants and your vest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear another name for vest? 252: I'm not sure. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a weskit? 252: No. Interviewer: What about another name for pants? 252: Your britches Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did Do you use that word? now? 252: No Now I don't tell Francis to buy me some britches No I told her to get me #1 them pants. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # What about something that um you see climbers wear. #1 Because # 252: #2 Overalls. # Interviewer: Uh-huh and If you went outside without your coat you were getting cold and you wanted it you'd say run inside and what me my coat? 252: Get me my coat. Interviewer: And what it to me? 252: And bring it to me. Interviewer: Okay. So you'd say so you went inside the house and he 252: Got his coat Interviewer: And? what it out to me. 252: Brought it out to me. Interviewer: And say here I have 252: Brought you your underwear. {NW} Interviewer: Okay And if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them? 252: Makes 'em bulge. Interviewer: And you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it? 252: Shrunk. Interviewer: And every shirt I've washed recently has? 252: Shrunk. Interviewer: And I hope this shirt won't? 252: Shrink no more. Interviewer: And if a woman likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to 252: Dress up Interviewer: Mm-kay. Could you say that about a man? 252: Mm Well uh You use it a little different. He chics out. Interviewer: He chics out? 252: Yeah. Interviewer: But What about if a woman likes to stand in front of the mirror you know and 252: Yeah and chic. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say that about a woman? 252: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you ever say primp 252: #1 Primping # Interviewer: #2 or doll-up? # Uh-huh. 252: Primp mostly It's the right expression. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 252: No he chics. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: #1 Didn't you know # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever # 252: {D:I was a chic in the bar in sands} Auxiliary: {D: She hadn't came out of the bar.} 252: No. {NW} Interviewer: What What do you think she {NW} How did you get that back? 252: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: {NW} 252: Did you look at the card inside? Interviewer: Inside this? 252: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Do you shoot pool? {NS} 252: I used to. Interviewer: Were you very good? 252: At one time I was average. I could hold my own. Interviewer: You don't ever shoot anymore? 252: Hardly ever. There's a lot of things I don't do anymore. Interviewer: Oh Talking about a a man who um you know dresses very well and all Do you ever hear it called the jellybean? 252: No I called it heard 'em call it {D: Geegly or geegio} Interviewer: Uh-huh What did that mean? Someone who's? 252: {NS} Chic. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And something that people used to carry money in? 252: Pouches. Interviewer: What's something that a woman would have nowadays? 252: Satchel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Auxiliary: {X} 252: {NW} Interviewer: What about little things for coins? For your coins? 252: Pouch. Interviewer: Or something like this? 252: Mm-hmm. Pocket book. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something that a woman wears around her wrist? 252: They wear a watch around their wrists and they usually put a ring in the other one's nose. Interviewer: {NW} 252: You gonna have {X}. {NW} Interviewer: What what about just a piece of jewelry a woman could wear around her wrist? 252: Bracelet. Interviewer: And something around her neck? 252: Beads. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you call that a string of beads? 252: string of beads. a string of beads. Interviewer: And something men used to wear to hold up their pants? 252: Suspenders. Interviewer: And some- 252: When you get a belly like on I got you don't need new ones see. {NW} Interviewer: What about something you hold over you when it rains? 252: Tent. Interviewer: Or? 252: Umbrella. Interviewer: And the last thing that you put on the bed the fancy cover 252: That's a bedspread. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about something that women used to make? 252: Quilts yeah. Interviewer: And at the head of the bed you put your head on a? 252: Block of wood stone pillow? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow? A sort of pillow only twice as long? 252: No. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a bolster? 252: No. Interviewer: And if you had a lot of company and didn't have a lot of beds for everyone for the children to 252: They slept on the floor. Interviewer: Mm-kay What would you make for 'em? from the? 252: Pallets. Interviewer: And Say if um you raise a lot of corn you say we raised a big? 252: Batch of corn. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or another word you could use? 252: Peel the corn. Interviewer: Or a good? 252: Crop of corn. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And What different kinds of lands do they have around here? 252: Marsh mud sand. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: That's what we got out here. Sand. Interviewer: What's a marsh? Is that salt water? 252: That's the salt water that's on the edge of your waterfront. Muddy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Nothing grows there right? 252: Your marsh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Marsh grass That's all about all that grows out there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the kind of um soil that they have you know on the farming areas. You know? 252: I only know what I know. I'm not no farmer. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of anything called loam? or loam? 252: No. Interviewer: What about the You said we'd We expect to get a big crop from that field because the soil is very? 252: Poor. Interviewer: Or the opposite or poor? You'd say the soil is very? 252: Very Good. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And The plant low land along a stream that's flooded over that's good for planting you'd call that? 252: I don't know. What do you call it? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of bottom land or? 252: #1 Bottom land yeah # Interviewer: #2 low land or # 252: low land, bottom land. Interviewer: What's that like? Do you have any around here? 252: It's damp. It's low land. Come in look at the little parakeet. Damn all them silly questions you asked me. Come out here and look at my birds. This little para- come around little further see him sitting right by the water pan? Interviewer: Huh. How did he get out there? 252: I don't know. He just come in yesterday. You see 'em? Interviewer: Yeah. 252: Isn't that thing pretty? Interviewer: Yeah that's nice. What kind of bird is that with the red or a? 252: Black that's what they call a red winged black bird. Interviewer: Um The place that a field is a grassy field that some maybe good for raising hay or something but not much good for #1 anything else. # 252: #2 Good for cattle. # Interviewer: #1 # 252: #2 # Interviewer: Do you ever hear that called a prairie? 252: Oh yeah. Prairie. Interviewer: What's a prairie like? 252: A prairie it's a place where there's nothing's grown it's a flat ground put a lot of cattle on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Grows grass. Interviewer: Is there are there prairies in in Florida? 252: Oh yeah. There's {X}. Got some up here right off Gainesville. Interviewer: What about land that's got water standing in it that and trees growing in it and? 252: It's called a pond. Interviewer: Well if it's if it's not if it's just sort of kind of like a marsh only fresh water has trees 252: Hmm. You tell me. Interviewer: Well so where would you go hunting? What would be a a 252: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 overgrown # sort of wet area. 252: Streams? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What else? 252: Duck hunting I do in this type of place. Ducks slide in it feed in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Now what are you referring to? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a a gal or bog or swamp or? 252: Swamp yeah sure. Interviewer: What's a how would you describe a swamp? 252: Well a swamp is different from a bog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: A bog is a place you don't get through. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: A swamp is a place you hunt in although it can be high land and low land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Wet and dry. Interviewer: The swamp can be dry? 252: Oh yes. Interviewer: Is it very overgrown or? 252: Mostly yes. Interviewer: Where are 252: But in certain times of the year where it's high land it's under water but in awful wet seasons. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Down here where I spent all my life hunting. That's called a swamp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: There are many places in there that's under water there's many places in there that's a way above water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: But we call it a swamp. Interviewer: Say if 252: That's where I killed that eight point buck. Interviewer: Oh 252: #1 Right there forty-three years ago # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 252: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 252: That down in {X}. What we call a swamp. Interviewer: {D: Gold hat} 252: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That's about twenty miles from here or something? 252: {NW} Well it starts right out here at the parts of the road about ten miles from here. And it covers a hundred and thirty two thousand acres going Southeast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you have some swampy land or marshy land and you wanted to get the water off you say you were gon- 252: Drain it. Interviewer: How would you do that? 252: By digging drains ditches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about um something that bigger than a ditch what people dig? Big enough for say a small boat to go through. 252: You dig a canal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You drain it through a canal. But most of 'em drain it through ditches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A canal is a whole lot bigger. 252: Well sure. Interviewer: And you had a heavy rain in the water cut out a little 252: Ditch. Interviewer: Okay. What if it's it's a real big area that the water cut out? 252: Well that's called a a ditch still but they'd square it off in a canal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: A drain. It's drainage. All of it amounts to one thing drainage. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever talk about a wash or a hollow or a gully? 252: A wash yes. Interviewer: What's a wa-? 252: It's a wash out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: When the water gets so heavy that it runs so hard it washes out. I just had one right down here on my land and from rain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: The water runs so hard it washed out my boat landing and it washed the gully out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You have a boat landing? Oh yes. Interviewer: Is it how what size boats can you? 252: Usually small boats Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: down here on the creek. Interviewer: Um You answered the the creek what else do you have besides a creek? Around here? Is there any larger than a creek? 252: Your rivers. One of the most beautifulest rivers in the world is right up here just twelve miles northwest of here. Interviewer: Which? 252: Suwannee River. The mouth of Suwannee River it's only twelve miles from right here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there anything smaller than a creek? 252: {NW} Unless you'd call 'em ditches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about bayous? 252: Bayous there's a bayou right there. There's one right over there. Interviewer: What is 252: A bayou is a large body of shallow water mostly what it amounts to. Interviewer: It's not moving very fast? 252: No. Comes in very slow it moves very slow. Interviewer: What are the names of some of the creeks or bayous or canals or things around here? 252: Well there's like Bonnidge creek Chuck creek Griffin creek Kelly creek Interviewer: Are these fresh water or 252: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 salt water? # 252: they are salt water creeks. But they run up all of the creeks runs up in the woods. And heavy rains when you have a lot of fresh water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: All the rivers are high. Interviewer: Suwannee river? 252: Yes. They have a lot of fresh water in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: But in just ordinary times they are salt water creeks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Where do they flow into? 252: The Gulf All of 'em. Interviewer: And If you had a stream that was flowing along and suddenly the it dropped off several feet in the water went on over. You'd call that a? 252: Cliff. Interviewer: What? 252: A cliff. Interviewer: Mm-kay. But where the water goes over the a? where you have water dropping down several feet. 252: A cliff. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever hear of a waterfalls that pour over or falls? 252: Yeah but we don't have 'em down here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And 252: We're not in the Grand Canyon. No. Interviewer: Yeah. Well some of these questions 252: Yeah are very crazy silly and uncalled for. Wouldn't you say? {NW} Interviewer: Um You mentioned the the landing. Where would a a large ship come in? Would you still call it a landing? 252: No you'd call it they came in a channel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And where would it 252: Dock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: At It well and see the key they'd dock here. The big dock or they wouldn't dock unless they anchored. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You can always anchor down you know out in the channel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What What do you mean the channel? 252: Channel is a the deepest part of the place they have to travel. Interviewer: Did someone was telling me about you know those I don't even know how to explain it the they cut out areas 252: They've dredged out areas Which they bridge out the channels so larger ships can come in. Interviewer: Oh wait When they've dredged it out then you call it a channel 252: Sure. Interviewer: Oh I see. That's what those um 252: There are places in the channel that has filled up with sand. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And you can only come up the channel so far and you go a ground. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: But they dredged them out and beat through the channel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The coast guard keeps up with 252: The coast guard don't do a damn thing. Interviewer: Well whose supposed to check the channels and make sure that 252: The coast guard. {NW} Interviewer: They're supposed to they just don't ever do it? 252: No they are. They don't do the dredging. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: The state does the dredging. The coast guard marks the channel out after they have dredged it. Interviewer: And puts the? 252: Stakes on it showing you which side to run on. Interviewer: That's what they colors they 252: That's the color of all those stakes. Each one of them has a meaning. If you don't know that meaning don't try to operate a boat up and down the town. Interviewer: That's interesting. I didn't 252: You didn't know that? Interviewer: No. 252: Well why you think they put a red stake here and a black stake up Interviewer: Well I knew it had 252: #1 Every one of them has # Interviewer: #2 I didn't # 252: A meaning. Interviewer: What is a the 252: The black stake means you stay on the port side of the town. The red stake means you stay on the starboard side of the town. Now if you take and go be it on the opposite side of the stake you run out there a ground. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: So you wouldn't make a very good seaman would you? Interviewer: No. 252: {NW} Interviewer: I'm afraid I don't know too much about that. If um you have some land that uh well say a small rising land where the land goes up You call that a? 252: Hill. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other names for it besides hill? 252: {NW} Above water {NW} Interviewer: And over the door you take hold of the door 252: Knob. Interviewer: Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? 252: No Interviewer: And something a whole lot bigger than a hill would be a? 252: Mountain. Interviewer: And You know on television the gun fighters for every man that they kill they cut a little 252: Notch in their handle Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 252: Yeah I haven't killed but about eight or ten and I hadn't even registered on mine. Interviewer: What kinds of roads are there around here? 252: Dirt roads sand roads paved roads and rock roads. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the white paved roads? 252: Rock roads. Interviewer: But it's paved though white. 252: I don't know you tell me. Interviewer: But do you have any roads like that around here? 252: No. Interviewer: What about a little road that goes off the main road? 252: It's a rock road. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 252: Damn sand road. Interviewer: And a road that um leads up to a person's house? 252: It's called a drive. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a lane? Do you ever use the wor- 252: Yeah we use the word lane but that's all always where we done our loving at and I'm getting some damn old I don't go down them lanes much more Interviewer: How big is a lane? 252: Just to about big enough to get your car down it where you can hide out there {D: You know what I wanted.} Interviewer: Does it have trees on both sides? 252: Oh it usually does where you can hide out there and do all the loving you want and then sneak back in town. Nobody sees you. You know what I mean. Interviewer: And something along the side of the street for people to walk on? 252: The cement. Interviewer: Uh-huh 252: Sidewalks yeah. Yeah. And Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 252: #2 Let me mix me my little drink don't you get crazy here. # Ask me how much more silly ass questions? Interviewer: Um Do you ever hear another name for sidewalk? Do you ever hear it called {X}? 252: What? Interviewer: {D: Ball cap.} 252: No. #1 We don't # Interviewer: #2 And # 252: call it that down here in this area. Interviewer: There's sometimes there's a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street Do you ever hear a name for that? 252: uh-uh Interviewer: Say if um If you're walking along a road and an animal jumped out and scared you you'd say I picked up a? what? 252: Picked up animal I guess. What what the hell you referring to? Interviewer: Something and 252: A rock and throw it at 'em. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else you'd say besides throwed at him? Do you ever say I chucked it or pl- 252: I've a chunked a many a things. chuck Interviewer: Okay. And if you went up to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say well I guess he's not? 252: At home or he's in their under the bed hiding just like I've been doing with you for the last two days. Been hiding like hell. Interviewer: And if someone was walking in your direction you say he's coming straight? 252: Towards me. Interviewer: And if you went into town and happened to see a friend of yours you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to run? 252: Run into you. Interviewer: And if a child is given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child? What her mother? They named the child? 252: After her mama. Interviewer: And something that people drink for breakfast? 252: Whiskey. Everybody down here drinks whiskey for breakfast. Interviewer: Well what what else besides whiskey? 252: No city water and once in a while they'll make a pot of coffee and drink it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: But they always get up drinking whiskey. Interviewer: Does everyone around? 252: Most everybody makes their own whiskey. We got a little still back there on the back of the island. Interviewer: Do you make whiskey? 252: Sure. Well you think Why you think I'm able to drink this twenty four hours a day? Interviewer: Um talking about the coffee thought about putting milk in your coffee you'd say some people like it? 252: {NW} Mm-hmm. Milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Some people like it their coffee? 252: With a little cream in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: We even put that in our whiskey to start the day off and then it gets stronger. Interviewer: Cream in 252: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 whiskey? # 252: You ain't never tried that? Interviewer: Uh-uh. 252: We always put milk in it to weaken it. See I use say a mug now but I always waiting until after ten o clock. Before I even set 'em up I start myself off with milk and whiskey. Interviewer: Oh I see. Um what if you don't put anything in your coffee? 252: I use it black just like I like my women. {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression drinking coffee barefooted? 252: Yeah. Interviewer: What does that mean? 252: Black. Interviewer: Uh 252: Nothing in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How would people use that expression? 252: Barefooted. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear it used about whiskey? Drinking whiskey bare- 252: Yeah that's when you drink it straight. But the way we make it out here in our little still we got like down there we make it so strong that we have to cut it with something to be able to drink it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call whiskey that you make yourself? 252: Moonshine. {NW} Interviewer: Any other names for moonshine? 252: Shine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear it called splo? 252: {NW} No we don't call it that. Interviewer: What about beers that you make? 252: We don't make none down here. Interviewer: Never heard of anybody making 252: Making beer? Yeah. Interviewer: What do they call it? Any? 252: They called it beer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And You tell a child now you can eat what's before you or you can do? You can eat what what's put down before you or you can just do? 252: Get on go to bed is what we tell Tracy That's our little granddaughter that she's fixing them eggs for. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And Talking about how um far something is you say well I don't know how exactly how far away it is but it's just a little? 252: Piece {NS} Yeah I've used that in many different expressions that little piece. Interviewer: Uh-huh 252: It has a lot of different expressions. It all depends on how you use it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say you've been traveling and had about three hundred miles left to go you say you'd still had a? 252: Far piece. {NW} Interviewer: That's what you'd probably say? 252: Yeah. Interviewer: And If something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you can find that just about? 252: Anywhere. Interviewer: And if someone slipped and fell this way. You'd say he fell over? 252: Backward. Interviewer: And this way? 252: Forward. Interviewer: And If you had been fishing and I ask you did you catch any fish you might say no? What a one? No? 252: No not a damn thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you have any expression that I didn't catch nary a one? 252: I didn't catch nary a one yes many times. Interviewer: Would you use that expression your- 252: Well there's sometimes I do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: It all depends on the situation the expressions I use. Interviewer: Say if um there's something that um we had to do today. Um the two of us you could say we'll have to do it or you could say? 252: Frances'll have to do it. {NW} Interviewer: Would would you say you and I will have to do it? 252: No I usually I'll say Frances'll do it. {NW} Interviewer: Well if you were talking about um 252: Both of us? Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say me and you have to do it? 252: I'd say me and her gotta do it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Mostly her. Interviewer: {NW} 252: Cuz I believe on putting the monkey on her back. {NW} Interviewer: Say if um if you knocked at the door and somebody asked who's there? And you know they recognize your voice you'd say it's? 252: It's me. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's a man you'd say it's 252: It's It's me. Interviewer: Well uh if I say is that Jim at the door? You say ya that was 252: No I If he is at the door when I usually knock on the door it's some woman's door see Interviewer: Well 252: Some widow's door and I say no that ain't me that's {NW} Interviewer: Would you say if it's a man at the door would you say that's he or that's him? 252: That's me. Interviewer: But if someone if you're talking about someone else would you say if I asked was that Bob who called a few minutes ago You'd say yeah that was. 252: Yeah that was Bob. Interviewer: Well if you don't call his name you say? 252: That was him. Interviewer: Okay if it's a woman you'd say that? 252: That was she. Interviewer: And if there's two people? 252: That was them. Interviewer: And talking about how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall? 252: As I am. Interviewer: Well I'm not as tall as ? 252: As he is. Interviewer: And he can do that better? 252: Than me. Interviewer: And I'd say this isn't mine this is? 252: Theirs. Interviewer: Or? 252: Hers. His. Interviewer: Or talking about you that's? 252: This is mine? Interviewer: Yeah this isn't mine this is? like this ash tray. It's not mine 252: That's hers. Interviewer: Or if it belongs to you I'd say it's? 252: If it didn't mine why would I say it is damn right that's mine. Interviewer: Well I would say this is isn't mine this is? 252: His. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And and about this thing you'd say? This is 252: Bunch of junk. Interviewer: Well whose is this? 252: This belongs to some kook. {NW} Interviewer: You'd say this is yours or your? 252: That's theirs or hers. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if there was a group of people at your house and they were fixing to leave you'd say well I hope? 252: They would get their butts gone. Interviewer: Or if you talking to them you say I hope what? 252: I hope to see you couple ten years from now. Come back and see us someday. Come up and see me sometime. Interviewer: Would you say you all or y'all or? 252: Y'all come to see us sometime. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you use would you ever use the word y'all to? 252: Oh I use it all the time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever use it just to one person? 252: No. Interviewer: What if there's a group and you're asking about everybody's coats you'd say where are? you're asking 'em about all of their coats you'd say where are? 252: Where're your coats? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever say y'all's coats or? 252: Oh I've been guilty saying a lot of them things. Where y'all's coats at? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: I want you to get gone let me help you find them. {NW}. Interviewer: And If there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and you were asking about the people that had gone you'd say was at the party you'd as- 252: Who was there? Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever say who all was there? 252: Who all was there a thousand times. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family you'd ask about them children are they you'd say? 252: It's say that again. Interviewer: If there's a group of children that belonged to more than one family you'd ask children? 252: Who the hell do all of them younguns belong to out there? Interviewer: Would you ever say who alls children are they? 252: Well it comes out about the same way something similar. Interviewer: What what would you probably 252: Whose damn younguns is all them belong to out there? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you were asking about a speaker's remarks You know everything he said you'd ask? Did he say? You'd ask somebody? 252: What the hell does he talking about? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever say what all did he say? 252: I've said that probably a thousand times. Interviewer: Oh how would you probably say that? 252: What the hell was he talking about? That's usually what I'd say. Interviewer: And you say if no one else will look out for them you say they've gotta look out for? 252: Themself. Interviewer: And if no one else will do it for him you say he better do it? 252: He better do it hisself. Interviewer: And you'd say this morning I what breakfast at seven o clock? 252: I got up and fix them kids that breakfast. Probably would have. Interviewer: And then everybody what breakfast? 252: Gets up and eats breakfast. Interviewer: Okay. And You say um yesterday by eight o clock I'd already? 252: Finished breakfast. Interviewer: I'd already what breakfast? I'd done what? 252: Already fixed breakfast. Interviewer: Uh-huh Talking about eating it You'd say I'd already? 252: Had breakfast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And If you were real thirsty you could go over to the sink and? 252: No I go down to the bar. That's where when I get real thirsty. I just go down to the hotel at the bar. And kill that thirst. I quench that thirst. Interviewer: Well Say if I was thirsty. I'd go over to the sink and? 252: You'd probably go to the bar and get you a drink if you was thirsty. Interviewer: Well If I just went in there and go 252: You go to the spicket and get you a drink. Interviewer: And get a? 252: A glass of water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: But after you drink what I'm drinking now you'd throw that water down and go down and get you some of what I'm drinking. Interviewer: I thought that was homemade there? 252: Well I ran out. {NW} Interviewer: Oh I see. It's better homemade huh? 252: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Um you say the glass fell off the sink and what? 252: It broke. Interviewer: Mm-kay. So you say somebody has done what to the glass? Has? 252: Broken my glass. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone might say well I didn't mean to? 252: Well I'd say Why in the hell don't you be more careful? Interviewer: Mm-kay. If because if you drop a glass it will? 252: Break. Interviewer: And something that um people eat for breakfast some it's made out of corn that's been ground up? 252: Yeah corn whiskey. {NW} Yeah it's ground up and it's stewed up into a mash and we drink that for breakfast every morning. Interviewer: Well what what about what people eat for breakfast? 252: Eat? I don't We eat the corn that's made out of the mash Interviewer: Uh-huh. What say people would eat bacon and eggs and what else? 252: And drink good corn liquor. Interviewer: But what what else do they eat though? Besides ba- 252: A little bread to go along with it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What kind of bread? 252: Not no corn bread for breakfast no. We eat store boughten bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Light bread. Interviewer: What what do people put in light bread to make it rise? 252: Yeast. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are there any other kinds of bread besides light bread? 252: No we put that in our whiskey too while we stilling it back there. Interviewer: How long does it take you to make whiskey? 252: About to make a good batch about two days. Interviewer: Oh that's that's a long time. 252: But we drink the skimmings to stay alive while it's getting a little age on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever let it age for three days? 252: Hardly ever. Interviewer: Um What are the kinds of things that are made out of cornmeal besides corn bread? 252: Corn whiskey. Interviewer: Well kinds of bread though. 252: Besides corn bread? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What what do you make to eat with fish? 252: To eat with fish? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Well know we mill our fish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: With corn mill. Interviewer: Is there any thing that you you make though to? 252: The corn patties? Interviewer: Uh-huh What's a corn patty like? 252: It's a bunch of corn mill stir it up in a goo and put the frying pan and made a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: little hunk of bread. Interviewer: What about the a corn dodger? Ever hear of that? 252: {NW} I've dodged quite a many of them. Interviewer: What is that? 252: A little hunk of bread about that big around you either eat it you don't like it you throw it at somebody. That's where they get the dodger from. If he don't dodge it it knocks his brains out. Interviewer: That's what they call the? 252: Corn dodger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It's It's just that a little round thing about 252: Yeah about that big around. Interviewer: About as big as a 252: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 silver dollar. # 252: Yeah a little bigger than that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: And mostly when you go down these restaurants and they serve 'em too Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: and they not good they overdone the fellow over there in that out there he throws it across the entire to knock the other fellows brains out with them. That's and if he don't dodge it that's where it gets the name corn dodger. Interviewer: Is that the same as a hush puppy? or a? 252: Hush puppy yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: But them dodgers is the one you want to watch out for. Interviewer: What about taking cornmeal and mixing it with salt and water and kind of something that you eat with a spoon? You call that? 252: No Interviewer: Do you ever hear of just taking cornmeal and salt and water and make something you can eat with a spoon? 252: Without cooking? Interviewer: Well yes cook the boiled in water. Do you ever of mush or cush cush? 252: Yeah well I don't care for that mush. No. Interviewer: Do you know how it's ma- 252: I no. Cuz I don't eat it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: But I've hear of the mush. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 252: I like them dodgers where if they don't set right you can knock the other fellow's brains out sitting there over next to you. Interviewer: Something that people make um they take um it's round it's got a hole in the center. 252: They call them doughnuts. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something that you make up a batter and fry three or four of these for breakfast and eat 'em with butter and syrup. 252: Pancakes. Interviewer: Kay. Any other name for pancakes? 252: Not to my knowledge. Interviewer: Do you ever hear flitters or battercakes or? Anything? 252: I've heard of batter cakes but it all comes out the same thing pancakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And talking about how much flour might be in a sack you might say a sack might have five or ten? 252: Twenty four pounds of flour. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And 252: During the depression you could buy that for sixty cent. Interviewer: Really? 252: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Um the inside part of the egg is called a ? 252: Yolk. Interviewer: What color is that? 252: Pink and Interviewer: Mm-kay. 252: yellow. {NW} Interviewer: And if you cooked them in hot water you'd call them? 252: You like uh Easter egg too? She just cooked up a we call 'em Easter eggs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the way that you cook eggs and you cracked 'em and let them fall out of their shells in the hot water? Do you ever cook 'em like that? 252: In hot water? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: No. And she better not never cook me none like that either or she'll be looking for another husband. Interviewer: Um something that's kind of like a fruit pie. Only it's got several layers of fruit and dough in it. Do you ever hear of a apple slump or apple cobbler or deep apple pie? 252: Apple cobbler yeah. but I never did care for it. Interviewer: What about something that um say you could take milk or cream and mix that with sugar and nutmeg or something make a 252: #1 Well I would # Interviewer: #2 sweet treat. # 252: go down with one of these drinks I believe if you keep talking. Interviewer: What what would you call the sweet liquid that could pour over pudding or pie? 252: Whiskey. {NW} Interviewer: Well something made with milk and and sugar. 252: Sugar. Interviewer: To pour over a pudding or pie you'd call that a? 252: I'd call it a disgrace cuz I don't eat it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 252: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his? 252: {NW} {X} Mm puts away his appetite. Interviewer: If someone has a good appetite you say he sure likes to put away his? 252: His food. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And food taken between regular meals you call that? 252: A disgrace. {NW} Interviewer: Like it's three o clock or something you go and fix yourself something to eat you call that a? 252: I'd call it a disgrace. {NW} Interviewer: But you ever? 252: stealing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 252: #2 {NW} # Snitching. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 252: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And something that um thick milk you call that? 252: Thick milk? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Buttermilk. Interviewer: Well if it hasn't been churned though if you just let it get thick. 252: Honey as much whiskey as I drank I don't have much knowledge about the milk thing. Interviewer: Well do you ever remember your mother making this when you were little? 252: Buttermilk? Interviewer: Well that's 252: Churning butter. Interviewer: What's what's buttermilk before it's it's churned? 252: Cow milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh well after you can't just take regular cow milk and churn it can you? 252: I don't know. I never owned a cow and I never done much churning. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of curdled milk or clabber? 252: Clabber. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What can you make with clabber? 252: Mostly good biscuits. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of making a kind of cheese from clabber? 252: {NW} Interviewer: And the first thing you have to do after milking to get the impurity out you have to. 252: Kill the cow don't you? Interviewer: Well to to get the hairs and things out of the milk you have to? 252: Drain it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever see a hog killed? 252: Yeah a couple thousand. Interviewer: How do people do that? 252: Well the last one I kill I killed 'em with an ax. I've seen 'em shot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what do you do? How do you cut 'em up and? 252: Well the first thing you do is you put 'em in the hog uh pot of hot water and pull the hair off of 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Then you take his guts out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And then you settle 'em or you eat 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there anything you can make with the guts? 252: Oh yeah. You can make a lot of damn stuff but I don't care for 'em. Hog chitlins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You take the liver and the lights and make one hell of a stew which I still don't care nothing about. Interviewer: What do they call that stew? Does it have a special 252: No. They just make whatever they want to out of it. Just like you would any other stew. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the um fat meat that you can use for boiling with greens? 252: What about it? Interviewer: Does it have a special names or? 252: Yeah. Pork. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well that that fat pork though. Do you ever hear of side meat or white bacon or fat back? 252: White bacon and fat back. Yes. Interviewer: What's the difference? 252: It's the same. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about when you um the kind of meat that you buy sliced thin to eat with eggs? 252: Well if I buy it I want some smoked bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: I don't want none of this white bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Fat back as you call it or salt pork is another name for it. Now there's one more question I'd like to ask you. How much longer you wanting to carry this out? Interviewer: Well I'd like to 252: {X} Interviewer: finish this tape at least. Did 252: How much longer is that gonna be? Interviewer: Um thirty forty minutes? 252: {NW} Now let's kind of cut this thing off a little short. Like the next five minutes? Interviewer: Okay. 252: Don't you think I've give you enough of my time then or? Interviewer: Well I'll cut it off whenever you want but if you don't mind talking a little bit more. 252: Okay I'll give you about five more minutes of my time and then Imma haul ass. You know what I'm at? Interviewer: Yeah. 252: Okay. Interviewer: What's um talking about kinds of animals the kind of animal that barks. 252: They call 'em dogs and wolves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Coyotes. Interviewer: If you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell 'em? 252: I don't know. Catch 'em. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 252: #1 That's what # Interviewer: #2 What do you call # 252: I'm fixing to do to my dog right now. Interviewer: {NW} 252: {NW} In a few minutes. I'm gonna tell her to get up. Interviewer: What about a mixed breed dog? Do you call him a? 252: Half-breed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the kind of animal that you milk? 252: Dogs? Interviewer: What kind of animal that you milk? 252: Oh I thought you still talking about dogs. Goats cows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the male? 252: {D:Steer} Interviewer: But in a cow? You call the {X}. 252: No. {NW} Cow. Just call 'em a cow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about the horse? The female is the? 252: Mare. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And 252: Just like you. Interviewer: I would be called a mare? 252: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. 252: What What would you be called a stud? Interviewer: Well no. 252: I don't think so no. Interviewer: Um what about sheep? The female is called a? 252: Sheep. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Were there many sheep around here? 252: I don't know. There ain't never been a sheep on this island not even close to it. Interviewer: What do people raise sheep for? 252: For the wool. Interviewer: And you know when hogs the stiff hairs that they have they call those? 252: {D: Razor buds} Interviewer: Mm-kay what about those stiff hairs that have them what are 252: Bristles. Interviewer: And the big teeth? 252: Tush. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And When they're um first born you call them? 252: #1 Pigs. # Interviewer: #2 We call 'em # Mm-kay. Then when they get a little older? 252: Shoats. Interviewer: Then what? What if they're male? 252: They called boars. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 252: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 And # 252: that's what I am. Interviewer: Okay. What about the female? 252: She's called a sow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you had a a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a boar what would you say you? 252: I'd cut 'em. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And then it'd be called a ? It'd do you ever hear a name? 252: Oh yeah. {NW} Tell me. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 252: #2 A boar. # Boar. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And do you ever hear anybody um call a cow? Do get 'em to come out of the pasture? Or call a horse? 252: Honey I ain't lived on no damn farm. How in the hell would I know what they do or not there? Interviewer: Okay. Did Did y'all have gardens? 252: Everybody had a garden. Interviewer: What did you grow in the garden? 252: We grow mustard peas turnips okra. Interviewer: What else? 252: Tomatoes. That's most of it. Interviewer: What do you call the little tomatoes? Like this? 252: Little tomatoes. Interviewer: No special name for them? 252: No we didn't have none for 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? Call that? 252: How in the hell would I know when I've been telling you for two damn days I ain't no farmer. I'm a damn fisherman. How in the hell would I know what they called it? Interviewer: But did you ever hear of sweet corn or? 252: I've heard of sweet corn and Rome tomatoes yeah. Interviewer: What kind of beans {B} What kind of beans did y'all grow? 252: String beans mostly and lima beans. Butter beans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How do you get the butter beans out of the pods? 252: You take 'em and peel 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the outside of the ear of corn you call 252: It's called the husk. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about the stringy stuff on it? 252: We always called it hair. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the thing that grows up at the top of the corn stalk? 252: What? Interviewer: The thing that grows up at the top of the corn stalk. Do you ever see that? 252: I've seen it. What do you say it is? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of tassel or? 252: Tassel yeah. The tassel. Interviewer: What kind of melons do people raise? 252: Watermelons. Interviewer: Anything else? 252: Rattlesnake? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's a kind of watermelon? 252: That's one yeah. Rattlesnake. Oh hell we ain't never raise no melons down here cuz they don't grow down here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the kind of bird that can see in the dark? you know the? 252: All the birds can see in the dark. Interviewer: Well the one that comes out at night that makes scary noises. 252: {X} Interviewer: Some that you makes a scary noise around his graveyard 252: Loons. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about owls? 252: Well owls does too but the lune is a scary bird. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: You probably never heard of him. He sounds like a when he hollers at night he sounds a lot like a lady screaming. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: He sounds a lot like a panther Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: screaming. He has a long laugh scream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: We call that a lune. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What different kinds of owls do you have around here? 252: The hooter. We got one right over there on that island across the creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And he hoots all damn night long. And if I could find that son of a bitch I'd go over there and kill 'em. Interviewer: You don't like him? 252: Well would you like somebody standing round here in damn place making loud noise? Interviewer: Well no but I also {X} from getting 252: Yeah they getting scarce and that's one that'd be a little scarcer if I find 'em too. Interviewer: What is there a kind of an owl smaller than a hoot owl? 252: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of squinch owl or scrooch owl? 252: Scrooch owl yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: Yeah he screams like something doesn't call him too. Interviewer: {NW} What about a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 252: A woodpecker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are any other names for them? 252: Yeah the redheaded woodpecker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear them called pecker wood? 252: Well they all comes out to same thing. They peck. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard the word peckerwood used? 252: Oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 about people or # 252: #2 yeah # yeah. Woodpecker. Peckerwood yeah. Interviewer: What is it mean to call somebody a peckerwood? 252: I never called nobody that I figure they kill me. Interviewer: Well what it's pretty bad to? 252: Yeah it means he's chicken shit. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 252: #2 That's what it means. # Interviewer: And the kind of black and white animal that has a real strong smell? 252: Is skunk. Met a lot of them that comes around the island. All the other main animals either. You got 'em you know all over the country. Interviewer: {NW} What kind of animals um would come and be a nuisance? What would you call animals like that? Like come and kill chickens if you have chickens. 252: Possums mostly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What general name would you have for that kind of animal? 252: Possum. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever use the word varmint? 252: Well That's just like that one right there. That big bird that's sitting there eating. He's a damn varmint but no one will kill 'em cuz he pecks at little parakeet right there feeding outside and all them other birds. He's a varmint to me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: That don't mean everybody sees him that way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees around here? Little small bushy tail? 252: I don't you mean a squirrel? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are there different kinds of squirrels? 252: Oh yes. You have the flying squirrel you have the fox squirrel and you have the just squirrel. That's the one they eat the most. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there anything kind of like a squirrel it has little stripes on its back? 252: It's not down here in this part of the country. No. Interviewer: What about um something that you hear making a noise around the lake at night? Makes a croaking noise. 252: It's a frog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the big frogs? 252: A bull frog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about those little ones that get up in the trees? 252: Frogs Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: get up in the Interviewer: Ever seen a 252: #1 trees? # Interviewer: #2 real green ones # 252: No. Interviewer: What about 252: We don't have 'em down here. Not no frogs that gets up in trees no. Interviewer: What about the kind that hops around on land? 252: They're toad frogs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And a hard shelled animals that can pull its neck and legs into its shell. 252: Well that's a turtle. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of turt- 252: Well there's many different kinds of turtles. He's called a gopher. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: A alligator turtle. A freshwater turtle. And a deep sea turtle but you don't see all of them up here on the land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Now you see the alligator turtle and the gopher. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: What we call a gopher down here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Is an animal up north he's a fur bearing animal up north but down here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: he's a he's a turtle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: They have different meanings altogether. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is a alligator turtle look like? 252: He's a hard shelled turtle that crawls out here through the woods and he's got a damn neck that long on 'em and he's got a alligator tail on 'em Interviewer: He's got a neck a foot long or? 252: Honey it runs up there that long and he will eat you up. A lot of people eats him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: I just about as soon as eat {X} {C: I think he says his dog's name here) one of them. Now I like my turtle but not no alligator turtle no. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about gophers will they hurt you? 252: Gophers no. They are harmless. But they eat 'em I mean they eat 'em and the colored man he thinks it's the best damn thing that crawls out there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What different names are there for colored people around here? 252: Now you hit me with that again. Interviewer: What do people use um the word colored people much or? 252: Well the word nigger Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: has been popular in the state of Florida Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: for years. And if you will look and read in your Bible Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: That is a very damaging word. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: #1 Now the word # Interviewer: #2 How # 252: negro Interviewer: Uh-huh. 252: in the case of black man Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: but the south use that word and still does. In many instances nigger Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: N i g g e r you know what I mean. Well the Bible describes that word as some kind of vulture and they don't like it and I don't blame 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd never use that word you? 252: No. No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: Because I have more respects for 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I don't guess there's been any real racial trouble down here has there? 252: Not since nineteen twenty four? Interviewer: What happened in nineteen twenty four? 252: Well a negro man raped a white woman and made me six years old all of these negroes at the time lived out here what is called Rosewood that's just beyond the parts of the road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And they killed them negroes. They never did catch the one that done it. They'll never know what ever happened to him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: He just disappeared. Interviewer: They just went in and started 252: They just killed 'em. Killed 'em and killed 'em. That's what they call the Rosewood war. It happened right out here just behind the forks in the road in Rosewood. Interviewer: Did the negroes fight back? 252: {NW} They didn't have no choice. There was two people and I don't know how many negroes killed. They ain't never figured that out yet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: But there were two negroes two white men killed another and one of them happened to be my uncle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 252: And his daughter was down here about three weeks ago to see us. Interviewer: She was down here? 252: About three weeks ago to see us. His youngest daughter. Yep. Now I give you all the damn time I got. Are you about ready to go? Interviewer: Okay. 252: And Interviewer: {NS} {X} for a second, and I'll just talk into the microphone without hearing and I'll see {NS} works. Interviewer: Okay, let's see the date is uh the nineteenth of November 1977. The interviewer is Frederick {B} {NS} I'm speaking with the informant uh Mr. XL {B} uh is that your what's your whole name? 255: Xavier Lopez {B} Interviewer: How do you spell your first name? 255: X-A-V-I-E-R. Interviewer: X-A-V-I-E-R. Lopez, L-O-P? 255: E-Z. Interviewer: E-Z. And {B} is spelled {B} Uh-huh. Uh, and this is Saint John's Cou- uh, County. 255: Yes. {NS} Interviewer: And the state is Florida. {NS} Let's see, your address here is {B} 255: That's right. {NS} Interviewer: And the community is Saint Augustine. 255: Yes. Interviewer: {X} Uh {NS} Uh let's see, your birthplace, sir? Saint Augustine. {NS} Let's see- oh, and your age? 255: February the- I was born February the eighth, nineteen hundred. {NS} Next February I will be seventy-eight. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} Oh, and your occupation? 255: I'm a retired banker. {NS} Retired in sixty-seven. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um and your religion? 255: Catholic. {NS} Interviewer: Um now, we're interested in finding out your education and all, what's your background in your education? {NS} 255: I have very little education. {NS} I {NS} went to the Catholic schools. {NS} Saint Joseph's Academy. {NS} And I finished the ninth grade, {NS} and which was in nineteen fifteen. And during the course of that year, my father died suddenly. {NS} And I was not able to continue in school. {NS} I {NS} went out to work {NS} and attended night school for two years following. {NS} uh taking uh various business courses. {NS} I never attempted to continue the equivalent of a high school education, so I was not I'm not {NS} technically {NS} a high school graduate. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, very good. Um {NS} we'd uh, also like to point out uh, your social contacts what do you do and and what is your social life mostly made up of? 255: Well, uh {NS} {NW} first I went with the Saint Augustine national bank. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Beg your pardon? # 255: #2 And I # I I I we- I helped organize the Saint Augustine National Bank in nineteen nineteen. I went to work there when it opened, August fifteenth nineteen nineteen. {NS} {NS} And I continued in that bank for forty-seven years, {NS} before retirement as senior vice president. {NS} I'm uh was a member of many of these civic organizations, helped organize the exchange club {NS} in the early twenties. I later became a rotary member of the rotary club in nineteen thirty-four. {NS} I've long been an active member, officer, and president of the Saint Augustine Historical Society. {NS} I was president of rotary for two years, nineteen forty-two and nineteen forty-three. {NS} I was a member of a number of social clubs in Saint Augustine. {NS} {NS} That roughly is {NS} background. I attended {NS} uh Rutgers University for summer courses in banking in nineteen thirty-five and thirty-six. {NS} Rutgers University in New Jersey. Brunswick, New Jersey. {NS} As a member of the graduate school of banking, {NS} it {NS} which was originally organized in nineteen thirty-five, I was one of the first {NS} students to take advantage of the graduate school of banking, sponsored by the American Bankers Association. I was {NS} many connections statewide with the forestry. I owned uh Uh I gradually acquired rather large acreages of forestry. Forest lands during the #1 Depression. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 255: And I was active I was uh a member of the board of directors, and president for two years of the Florida Forestry Association. I was a member of the State Board of Forestry, had been appointed by governor Holland. {NS} I was had I previously also been {NS} a member of the State Library Board, {NS} having resigned from that board in order to take {NS} the chairmanship of the f- uh Florida Board of Forestry. {NS} I was then elected a number uh {X} oh in the forties, late forties a a member of the board of directors of the American Forestry Association in Washington. {NS} I served two terms as director, and then I was elected honorary vice president of the {NS} American Forestry Association. {NS} Serving two two or three years in that capacity. {NS} I'm still a life member of the American Forestry Association. {NS} {NW} Well, there are many other things that go on, I don't recall particularly what to {NW} other thing- other things will occur to me a while Oh yes, I was {NS} I was connected with the Soil Conservation Society for Florida, and was chairman for two terms. State chairman for two terms. {NS} And was uh I got a number of awards {NS} I was awarded by governor Bryant, the Con- uh I received the Governor's Conservation Award in nineteen sixty-two. Um {NS} I was honored by Rollins College on a number of occasions, as I was serving uh with the uh s- uh s- the Spanish uh Institute uh of Florida. Uh as the director, and later as the president for the state. {NS} And then I received, in nineteen fifty-two I think it was, I received the Cervantes Award from Rollins College. {NS} Uh which I have in the on my in my bedroom. A #1 gol- # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 255: gold medallion. And I later received a the George Morgan Award, which was one of the outstanding awards given by {NS} Rollins College. {NS} And during my time as honorary vice president of the American Forestry Association, I received the National Smokey Bear Award for fire prevention. I had been the uh head of the Fire Prevention in Florida for a number of years. And I was the the organizer of the Florida Keep Green Association as a part of a national Keep Green Assoc- Association in the United States, which is connected with the prevention of forest fires. {NS} I was responsible for {NS} having the our county and surrounding counties uh join the fire prevention uh council. And limi- and have eliminated uh done a great deal to eliminate forest fires in the S- in Saint John's County and in the north Florida area. It's the singular thing I {NS} that my my parents Minorcan parents were people who use had a lot of cattle. And they use the f- the free range in Florida, they would let their cattle range anywhere, even though they didn't own the land. And there was a practice then to burn the woods every year. {NS} And so, as an example in this a- in this county, seventy-five percent of the forest lands in this county have over three hundred and fifty thousand acres, would burn every year. They would set the fires uh along the boat in um February after the winter cool would kill the grasses, and burn the woods so that the cattle in the spring, in April, would be able to feed on the little succulent grasses that would come up. And that's how the cattle were fed. Interviewer: {NW} 255: And that was uh a general practice of the Minorcan people in this area, to all of whom many of whom had large cattle holding. And that's why they fe- that's how they sustained them. Rather than feeding them, uh they'd allow them to graze on other peoples' lands. Interviewer: Hmm. 255: Um well there's many other things. I reckon now I can't particularly recall my statewide connections with uh uh but uh the predominating thing I guess in my l- my uh mature life was uh my contribution to forestry. Uh uh through uh as an example, the when I became chairman of the Florida Board of Forestry, we had one nursery uh possibly supplying oh five million pine seedlings to people over the state. And in recent years, that has grown to over a hundred million {NS} uh seedlings {X} in Florida. And um it was I I received a #1 a number # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 255: of awards I've forgotten. And honors because of my contribution to uh f- in the various phases of forestry, particularly the prevention of forest fires. Interviewer: Hmm, that's very interesting. Oh one uh some other questions I was having uh wondering. Um {NW} {NS} yes your parents' birthplace, where was your mother born? 255: My mother was born in Saint Augustine. My father was born in Saint Augustine. My mother was born in in nineteen uh eighteen sixty-nine, and my father was born in eighteen sixty-two. Interviewer: Hmm. 255: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 Well and # your uh your parents' education? {NW} 255: My parents uh my mother was a graduate of Saint Joseph's academy, uh high school education. My father had a very limited education, uh through the eighth grade. He was uh a man that uh was uh somewhat s- you'd call self-educated. As I claim to be myself. Uh he was for many many years the superintendent of the water works of the city here. A rather responsible position, {X} which he had the job when he died suddenly in 1915. Interviewer: Well wha- what did you say his occupation was, pardon me? 255: Superintendent of the city water works. In the city. {NS} Interviewer: And uh your mother was a housewife? 255: Housewife all of her life. As I said, she lived to be ninety-seven ninety-six years old. Interviewer: Wow. {NS} 255: Uh mo- my father-in-law is now ninety-seven {NW} My mother was always eleven years older than my father-in-law, they knew each other well. And now um my father-in-law has outlived my mother. My mother was ninety-six when she died, and my father-in-law is still living and ninety-seven. Interviewer: {NW} That's amazing. Uh oh yeah, your maternal grandparents I was wondering. 255: Uh let's see maternal #1 grandparents? {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah what're they're {X} # 255: Now that's uh um uh Barbara {B} {C: name} Interviewer: Now this is your father's side? 255: This is my father's mother. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 255: #2 It was # Barbara {B} {C: name} Member of an old Minorcan family. And his father was Jose uh Jose {B} who was born in December eighteen twenty-five. He was a twin. Uh his twin brother, Anthony Domingo {B}, became the first Catholic bishop of San Antonio, Texas. {NS} #1 And that # Interviewer: #2 I was # um wondering where was- where is your father's father born? 255: My father's father was b- born in Saint Augustine in December eighteen twenty-five. And he was a twin. His twin brother, Anthony Domingo, uh who was born of course the same time uh was ordained uh uh a Catholic priest and the Pope appointed him the first Catholic bishop of San Antonio, Texas. {NS} Interviewer: Wow. 255: And in that capacity, he was the owner of the Alamo. Which is rather uh interesting and odd. {NW} And he sold the Alamo {NS} to the state of Texas. {NS} Interviewer: That's interesting. That's amazing. Oh, your father's father was born- I mean, was born here. Uh where was your father's mother born? 255: My father's mother was born in Saint Augustine. She was a {B}. Her her father was a Domingo {B}. He was a local native person here of Minorcan extraction. Interviewer: And uh your father's mother's education, how far do you think it- 255: Uh very little, I'm sure. I don't know. I'm sure it was very little. You see, my y- my father's you see my father's father, see he was born in eighteen twenty-five and it was only limited educational facilities here at that time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And her occupation was a housewife? 255: I'm sure it was, I I my father's father owned cattle. He was a cattleman. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh your father's father, what- how far did his education go do you- 255: Very limited, I'm sure. I don't know. Interviewer: And uh his occupation, did you say? 255: I'm sure it was a cattleman is what I'm pretty sure. Farmer, cattleman. He lived uh just outside the city limits on a farm area. Interviewer: Now, how far- you were telling me about your- your ancestry, how far back it went. Uh 255: Well, I don't know on my father's side. {NW} You see, uh uh my father's grandfather well, I was just told he was born the noon of December eighteen twenty-five as a twin. His father was Fransisco {B} the second. {NW} And {NS} his then- then F- then Fransisco {B} the first, which was his- his father, and my great-grandfather, was the Fransisco {B} who came from New Smyrna and led the Minorcans to Saint Augustine. He was married twice. His first wife he had four children by his first wife. {NW} And uh then he was married a second time and he had nine children. And that second marriage, my great-grandfather was Fransis- Fransisco the second, and one of those nine children. So my, my the- on my Pellicer side it goes back uh to the original in- individual who came here that Fransisco {B} first, who was born in Alayor, Minorca. A-L-A-Y-O-R. And he came with the original Turnbull colony to settle in New Smyrna as one of the members of that colony. {NW} Now I have his background on my- on my chart. I believe it goes back to fifteen hundred and uh in Min- Minorca and then Spain. I know his father and his father's father. And if they wish to have that, I can give you a copy of it. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Yes, I think well, I'll possibly. One thing I forgot to ask #1 you about, # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: your mother's mother, uh where was she born? 255: Well, my mother's mother was a {B}. {B} A French lady. Interviewer: Uh, she was born in France, huh? 255: She was- well no, no. Interviewer: {X} 255: My mother's mother, which would be my grandmother, was born in Saint Augustine. But her mother and father, my great-grandfather on my mother's side was born in France. Both of 'em were born in France. They came to this country and landed in Charleston, and eventually came to Saint Augustine and met and married. {NS} And she was a {B}. She was a {B}. Interviewer: Is that the same as a {B} {X}? 255: Just about spelling the same. I guess it was a French name, I understand. {B} And she married {B} who was also French. And then they uh were married in Saint Augustine, {NW} and then, course my grandmother on my mother's side was one of their children. Interviewer: Um do you happen to know their education? 255: I'm- uh I I don't know, but I'm pretty sure, quite sure, that my gran- my uh great-grandmother who was a {B} must've been quite well-educated. Because she was uh one of the leading Interviewer: {NW} 255: {NS} uh women in Saint Augustine during the Civil War {NS} on the southern side. And she was uh uh because of her French connection, she was uh in a special category, and when the Union soldiers came here, they respected her greatly. They they didn't touch her her land or her house- household affairs or or bother her in any way. Because she {NS} uh appe- was o- was on the protection of Fra- France. {NS} And {NS} her she was uh she operated the boarding house here. And uh uh from all accounts, from what I've heard, she must've been a rather well-educated woman. I don't know {NS} what her education was. {NS} Interviewer: That's amazing. Uh so and then your your mother's mother, uh she was somewhat educated or very well or? 255: Uh my mother's mother, I don't know what her education was, but it was very probably uh the local schools here. She was born and raised here, she went to the Catholic school. And I know no reason why she would not have graduated from high school. I don't know, but certainly not beyond that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And her occupation was uh 255: I have no idea, except that she was a housewife. Interviewer: And uh, let me see. {NW} How did they cover all these? Um you have to bear with me. 255: {X} Interviewer: Um your mother's father. 255: All right. His name was Justo {NS} {B} J-U-S-T-O. Interviewer: And uh he was born in Saint Augustine? 255: Uh he was born in Saint Augustine. Interviewer: And uh his education was about? 255: I'm sure it was limited because I knew him personally, and as I re- regarding he didn't, he was a very practical man, but he uh he didn't appear as a young now he died when I was twenty. Cuz I {X} put while I was already working in the bank when he died. He died in this as a matter of fact, he died in my arms. And uh he was uh I- I was close to him, but he did not have the appearance of a very well-educated man. Although he was very practical. Or he would uh so interested in astronomy and the stars and oh would uh enj- enjoy predicting the weather. {NS} And uh uh talked very intelligently, but uh I- I don't believe he was he uh if he got a high school education, it would certainly not be more than that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's interesting uh {NS} and his occupation? 255: Uh he was a farmer. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Farmer. 255: He was a farmer in all of my young life, and so he must've been a farmer earlier than that. He had a- uh there was what they call the {X} he owned the old ferry place, which was across the river. Which is now the San Lorenzo Cemetery, the Catholic cemetery. He sold that part of his land to the Catholic church for a cemetery in eighteen eighty-two. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's interesting. eighteen eighty-two. Uh let's see, oh and {NW} your spouse, your wife. Uh, her age y- you happen to recall? 255: She was born in nineteen eight, she's uh s- uh she's sixty-nine years old, her birthday's the twenty-fourth of January. Next January she will be seventy. {NS} Interviewer: She's a Roman Catholic? 255: She's a Roman Catholic. Born in Louisville, Kentucky. Interviewer: And uh her education, how far does that go? 255: Uh she uh graduated from the Saint Joseph's Academy here, and went to uh uh Kentucky uh to uh oh {X} a college I {X} skips me right now. It's in uh Bartstown, Kentucky. A Catholic college there, run by the sisters. {NW} {X} I I can't remember the name of the college, and she's not here now. Interviewer: M- does she belong to any social organizations? 255: In Saint Augustine, my wife? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: Yes, she belongs to many social organizations here. Many of the Catholic organizations. But she's a member of the Women's Exchange. Which is very prominent uh service social organization. She's a member of the Flagler Auxiliary. Flagler Hospital Auxiliary. She's been head of a number of uh Catholic social- Catholic service groups, which are serving the cathedral here in the way of the Altar Guild a lot particularly. She was chairman of the Altar Guild for a number of years. Interviewer: Let's see, uh {NS} are there any prominent things in the community that you could uh happen to think of off hand, any festivals or anything like that? Anything particular about this community that sets it off, apart from another #1 community? # 255: #2 Why yes # there's been many things. That's exactly one of th- the big things that I participated in and my wife participated in also was what they call the Ponce de Leon Celebration. It was usually held in April of each year, and went back to just after the turn of the century. I participated in the nineteen seven as a young Indian boy. And again in oh uh, it did happen but every two three years. I know in 1927 I was uh then twenty-seven years old, and I was chairman of the finance committee for the Ponce de Leon Celebration of that year. And my wife was one of the uh on several occasions, the ladies in wai- member of a lady they would elect a queen. And then she would select ladies in waiting, and my wife participated in those celebrations on two occasions that I remember as members of the queen's court. I also, the- the- they would elect a Pon- someone to represent Ponce de Leon, and someone to represent Menendez. It was the fountain of the city. And then they would have their court, and also ride horseback. I was a member of several of those courts different years. And we'd dress in costume and ride horseback. Interviewer: Hmm. Amazing. Okay. Oh one thing I'd like to also have you do, uh I don't know if if you're {NW} if you'd like do it or I do it, you could explain it to me, but it's better if you could. Uh have a sketch your house, this is just sort of like uh it's sort of a sociological thing that we're doing. Just to understand where you live because the people from {X} can't really uh 255: It would be better #1 to give you a # Interviewer: #2 {D: page on} # 255: picture of the house, I would think, I #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Well, I'd # really just need like a floor plan, you know. 255: All right, we can do that, but I don't want to do that right now. Interviewer: Okay, we'll do that later. 255: Um Interviewer: Okay. #1 Uh # 255: #2 Uh # let me tell you a little something else about my my wife that uh should be contained in this information, I'm sure, because it's rather unusual. Um her family came to Saint Augustine in nineteen seventeen, and her father was connected with the Florida East Coast Railway, he di- and up to the time he retired in nineteen seventy he was a chief finance officer of the Florida East Coast Railway. And he had his they had five children, and two of Catherine's brothers are Jesuit priests. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. 255: One is a missionary in Belize, which is u- used to be British Honduras, and now is Belize. And the other is a a teacher at u- at Saint Louis University. Uh they have been in the order more than t- twenty-five years now. Interviewer: Hmm. That's amazing. That's good. Well that, I think that would be use- pretty much tha- oh and um okay, well then we'll probably get right down to the questions. And I'll just ask you a few different questions, and you can just respond to to whatever you're used to. And uh {NS} it's- they're very, they're very simple little questions here. {NS} Uh {NS} let's see. {NS} to get this little sheet of paper out {NS} {NW} {NS} Okay uh {NS} {NS} now um do you- what would you have um a different name for a similar thing at a factory that, well I mean for a {NS} there was a- a thing where smoke goes up. {NW} 255: Yeah. Interviewer: You know? In a factory, you have these things sometimes, and at homes you have them. 255: {NW} Oh uh {X} well they called it plant. I've heard a thing called a plant many times. Uh a laundry plant or uh uh uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: {X} That's an expression that's been used #1 many # Interviewer: #2 What's # 255: times. Interviewer: what's also- what's the name of the uh the structure where smoke goes up? 255: Smokestack. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Or chimney. Interviewer: Great. Um {NW} now, um the open place on the floor in front of a- um fireplace, what would you call? 255: Hearth. Interviewer: Yeah. That's what I'm trying to- do you happen to know of any 255: Hearth or hearth. Hearth, I guess. Interviewer: Well, where'd you hear the name hearth from, sir? 255: Well, I've heard of it many times {X} have it referred to as a hearth in front of a fireplace. And I would think perhaps it should be a hearth. Interviewer: Well, it could be pronounced either way #1 {D: and we best} # 255: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: interested in how you 255: Yeah. Interviewer: in what you heard. Um {NS} now there's- in the fireplace there are things that you lay the wood across. 255: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call those? 255: Andirons. Interviewer: Um what would you call the place above the fireplace, where you might uh put an ornament or a picture? Like that? 255: Mantle. {NS} Interviewer: Um the big, round piece of wood with bark on it that you would burn in the fireplace? 255: Oh well, fire log or log. Interviewer: What would you call the kind of wood that you would use to start a fire? 255: Kindling. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of it- any use- uh by any other names? Minorcan names? 255: Uh {NS} Lighter knots. That's unusual. Interviewer: Lighter knots? 255: Lighter knots. And that's uh something you pick up in the woods that has uh a concentration of turpentine in it and burns very quickly. And they call lighter knots. Interviewer: Wow. Is that Minorcan or is that? 255: Well I- it could be, because I've heard it in my childhood days many times, and I've never heard it outside of Saint Augustine. But you would, you'd hear that expression not much now, but many times you'll uh well I'm going to uh- the woods to pick up some lighter knots. Interviewer: {NW} Amazing. {NS} 255: And I would think {X} you'd spell L-I-G-H-T-E-R K-N-O-T-S, I imagine. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Lighter knots. Interviewer: Uh did you ever hear it referred to as chippling? Or anything like that? 255: What? Interviewer: Chippling? 255: Chippling? Interviewer: Yeah. Someone else referred to that as 255: #1 chippling. # Interviewer: #2 Chippling. # 255: Chippling. No. Interviewer: Okay. 255: No. Interviewer: Um {NW} what would you call the black stuff that the smoke might leave in the chimney? 255: Smut. Soot or soot. I'd say s- the expression I've heard it called soot. Spelled S double O T. Soot. Interviewer: That's good. Um there was uh, let's say if there was a fire and {NS} uh everything burned down, what would be left? 255: Debris. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what's also left after you burn wood? 255: Charred remains is what or {NS} Interviewer: Well 255: #1 I've heard the # Interviewer: #2 something # 255: expression, but I can't #1 recall {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, it's sort of like # fine dust. 255: Yeah, I've heard the expression. Uh, what that would be but Oh I can't think right now. Interviewer: Okay. Oh, for the tape, I mentioned this before. What am I sitting in? 255: {NW} You're sitting in a a very comfortable uh chair made of bamboo and with ample cushions. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} It is very comfortable. Um what do you call the long piece of furniture that uh uh there's several names I what do you call the long piece of furniture that went with a horsehair set in the- in the best parlor? {NS} 255: Sofa. Interviewer: That's good. Uh {NS} What other type what other types of things were similar to that? {NS} 255: There are other names I've heard, but I can't recall now. Uh {NS} Interviewer: That's okay. {NS} Uh the piece of furniture in your bedroom that has drawers in it, and that you put clothes in? 255: Uh chest of drawers is what uh you'd refer to it uh or to be rather expressive. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you ever hear of any um of an old-fashioned piece with any other names? 255: Yes, let's see. {NS} Oh dear. {NS} I don't know. I can't recall. Interviewer: How about um a bureau or a chiffonier? 255: Bureau, many tim- oh yes bureau, that's a very common name, bureau. Interviewer: Or a dresser? 255: Dresser, exactly. I've heard those, too. Interviewer: Uh chiffonier? #1 Or chiffo- # 255: #2 Chiffo- exactly # I've heard that. Interviewer: Chifforobe? 255: Chifforobe, yes, I've heard that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh the thing I was talking about earlier, the types of things that you would have in the parlor with a long piece of furniture, 255: {NW} Interviewer: do you ever hear of it referred to as a lounge? 255: Oh yes. Interviewer: A couch? 255: A couch, oh yes. Certainly a couch, yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A Chesterfield or Davenport? {NS} 255: Well that would be more or less expressing the type of Interviewer: Yeah. 255: the type of thing it was. Davenport, I would think. Uh I know you would not ordinarily call a sofa or {NS} uh a Davenport unless it was made by some in some special way, I would think. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: And it uh Chesterfield? 255: Same thing would apply to that I- I don't know how that would be Interviewer: Uh the room where you sleep in is called? 255: Bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um the okay, what would you call these uh chairs and tables {NS} and sofa w- what name would you call these, all these things here? 255: Furniture. {NS} Interviewer: Um 255: Furnishings. Furniture, that'd be more expressive. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} The thing hanging at the window uh to keep out the light, {X} Yo- you sort of pull it down, you know. You'd say I better #1 {X} # 255: #2 Shade. # Window shade. {NS} Interviewer: Great. A little room off the bedroom, uh to hang up your clothes in? 255: Alcove. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um there- you happen to know of any other names, you know or little place you open up a door and you hang your clothes in there and Yeah. 255: Yes I have {X}. It's uh a walk-in closet. {NS} Or if it has a door, but if it's an alcove, just a little alcove without a door, a closet would be a place where you would shut the door, be able to shut the door. Interviewer: Uh if you didn't have a a built-in closet, what would what might you have? {NS} 255: I know what you're referring to, but I uh I can't recall the name for it right now. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a- a wardrobe? 255: Exactly, yes. That's exactly what I was thinking of. Interviewer: Uh I heard they used to have those, that was the first type of uh closets they had down here. 255: #1 I guess so. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: You see, they would not that would be like a corner, in the corner of a room {D: light}. You'd have a an arrangement that'd be a wardrobe. {NS} It would be to keep the dust off the clothes, and then close the be able to close it up somewhat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They also call it a- a wardroom or a clothespress or a press or a 255: No, I wouldn't think so, but Interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: Amore- um} {D: Armoire.} {NW} 255: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Armoire.} # Um room at the top of the house, uh just under the roof what would you #1 # 255: #2 Attic. # Interviewer: Uh the room that you would cook in? 255: Kitche- Kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now, they used to have ones that were removed from the houses 255: Detached kitchen, we had one when I was young. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever hear that referred to as a porch or a cookhouse? 255: Well, uh I've heard it uh referr- uh uh we you have a porch like a my house where I lived as a very young person on {X} Street, you went out of the main house onto a porch and then into the detached kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} You ever hear of it called as a kitchen house or a stove room? 255: I've heard uh cookhouse, but that'd be more like you'd find that in the woods, like uh uh I mean uh farm place, not in a in a city. Although many city houses when I was young had detached kitchens. Course as I understand, the #1 detached # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 255: kitchen was in case there was a kitchen was uh would more easily be considered a fire hazard and the- they'd try to have it away from the house. I understand to save the house, in the event it caught fire, you could might put it out. Interviewer: {X} What do you call the little room off the kitchen where you store canned goods and extra dishes? 255: {NW} {NS} We had one of course there's two in the kitchen Interviewer: Do you ever hear of it called a buttery or a pantry or? 255: Pantry. {X} Sure, kitchen pantry. Interviewer: #1 Or a kitchen closet? # 255: #2 {D: That'd be very} # Interviewer: #1 Or say # 255: #2 Kitchen # closet or kitchen pantry would be very descriptive. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A safe? 255: Hmm? Interviewer: Do you ever hear it referred to as a safe? 255: Oh yes but that would be something entirely different. We had we had a safe, when I was young. Uh it would be a piece of furniture, it would have closed doors, you'd keep the the uh chinaware and the silver and all in the safe, sure. Interviewer: {NW} 255: We had one. Kitchen safe. {NW} Interviewer: Um what do you call a lot of old, worthless things that you have, about to throw away? {NS} You know, that you have around that you're just about to throw away. 255: Well, you don't mean the rubbish, that would be that would be uh sort of uh not very good. You could have old clothes, that'd be uh oh I don't know another uh name for that would be but be- be a little bit above rubbish, I would think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} That's good. You were looking for all the terms, #1 as many # 255: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: you can think of. Uh what would you call a room that is used to store odds and ends in? 255: Side room. {NS} It's in the side room. That's an expression I've heard. {NS} Put it in the side room. Interviewer: That's good. Um {NW} Now what would you uh be doing if you were sweeping the floor? Or let's say like if every day yo- you were working and you're {NS} uh {NS} doing some daily housework, or a woman might be doing it and you would say, uh you know, every morning get up and you 255: #1 Cle- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: Clean the kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: Clean the dining room. {NS} Or sweep the dining room or sweep the kitchen. {NS} Interviewer: And, like if you did it around the whole house, like you know get up in the morning and straighten everything and 255: Do the housework. {NS} Are you going to do the housework this morning? And my wife would say, I do housework every morning. {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear it referred to as uh tidying up or? 255: Yes, that's an expression I've heard but I I wouldn't be using that very much, I don't think, tidying up. Tidy- Tidy up the front room, we have some company coming. that's- that's true. Interviewer: Or you ever hear other words uh for the expression {D: reds up or rids up} 255: No. No. Interviewer: Okay. What would you uh sweep with? 255: A broom. Interviewer: If the broom is in the corner, and the door is open, you would say the broom is where, compared to the door? 255: Hanging in the closet. Interviewer: Now, let's say if this- this room was let's say if that door over there uh were open, and it had a broom in back of there. 255: Yeah. Interviewer: And the door were just opened 255: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: They have a broom closet. Interviewer: Yeah. Right. 255: Then they'd be in the broom closet. Interviewer: But if I put a- if I put a broom on that wall there, and I open up the door, where would the broom be? Or let's #1 say if I {X} # 255: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 255: Back of the door, I imagine, but I don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: that would be uh just an unusual arrangement. Interviewer: Yeah. 255: {D: But I don't know what} #1 it is. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh years ago on Monday, women um usually did their? What would they usually do? {NS} On Monday. {NS} 255: {X} {NS} Monday is cleaning day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And wha- what type of 255: Or wash day. In olden times. Interviewer: And uh right {X} that's exactly what we're looking for. On Tuesday what would she do? Usually. After she 255: Well in olden days when I was a young child, Monday was the wash day. Maybe Tuesday was ironing day. That's- I know that happened in my house. Interviewer: What might you call um {NW} both washing and ironing together? {NS} The whole process. 255: Washing. Doing my washing. Was that w- it may not include ironing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The place in town where a bachelor uh might have his shirts done? 255: Laundry. Interviewer: How do you get from the first floor of a house to the second floor of a two-story house? {NS} 255: Go upstairs. Interviewer: Uh would you use any different terms for those inside the house and those outside? 255: You mean if steps are on the outside? Interviewer: Yeah. {D: Theirs goes up the outside} 255: I've never had occasion that that was never in my setup. Interviewer: What is a porch outside the {NW} #1 {X} # 255: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Oh be- beg your pardon? 255: Piazza. Interviewer: And you had a #1 {X} # 255: #2 Well # I'm gonna sit out on the piazza. Interviewer: What would you call a little porch, just uh just over a door, something like that, you know that's on second story or something like that? 255: {X} There's uh there's many houses have wido- widow's walk widow walk. Interviewer: Where's a widow's walk? 255: Uh widow's walk, is that what house in New England they had houses with uh uh uh wi- that came out in a little {NW} {X} and they wait facing the sea and but if they came out on the widow's walk looking for her lost husband. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did they ever have any around in Saint Augustine here that you'd happen to know? 255: What? Wi- #1 Widow's walk # Interviewer: #2 Widow's walk # 255: Y- yes, they had a few. I saw a few as I recall now, on {X} Avenue. I don't think that any exist now. Maybe one or two in town. {D: But there isn't many of them here} Interviewer: Did- had you ever hear of a place, let's say if you had a two-story house, and it came directly out from the two-story house. You know. Like if yo- if you had a door, and you could open it up and just walk right out on it. 255: Yeah. Um well, that's just porch. That's what we call it. Upstairs porch. {NS} Interviewer: Oh, can you have a porch on more than one floor? 255: Yeah, you have an upstairs porch and a downstairs porch. {NS} Interviewer: If the door is uh is open and you don't want it that way, you would tell someone to uh do what with the door? 255: Close the door. Sh- Shut the door. Either one. Interviewer: What would you call the boards on the outside of a house that overlap each other? 255: Clapboards. Interviewer: I see you have a- a few of them here. 255: That's uh uh that's not uh those are that type of construction's called uh {NS} or French lat- I don't know. I don't know what that- I forgot. But that's many houses were built that way, that's built of fourteen inch cyprus. {X} {NS} {NS} Very few houses are built of fourteen inch cyprus. Interviewer: Hmm. And that is that's that- #1 {X} # 255: #2 {X} # of Cyprus. Oh Interviewer: Wow. Let's see, if uh, if you were doing some carpeting, {X} if you were doing some carpentry, uh nailing in a board somewhere, you would say, I took a hammer and I? {NS} 255: Drove a nail or I drove a nail is certainly the the expression. I nailed it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay, uh and if you wanted to take that nail and it didn't get far enough in, you know, and you're hammering at it, and it got to be uh and then you would say, you might say, it's got to be what further? 255: Uh you mean, you wanted to pull it out? Interviewer: No, if- if it's not just if it's not in further, and you have to you have to #1 take something # 255: #2 All right. # Interviewer: to make it go in further, 255: I'd nail it ti- uh nail it tight. I've heard that expression many times, nail it tight. Interviewer: What would you call uh the little things along the edge of the roof that carry off water? You know if you, #1 {D: wanted to} # 255: #2 Gutters. # Interviewer: What was that name for it? 255: Gutter. Interviewer: Oh. {NS} What would you call a little building that is used for storing wood and tools? 255: Toolshed. Woodshed. Either one. Interviewer: What do you call um 255: We used to have an outhouse. When I was young. #1 It was # Interviewer: #2 That was # my next question. {NW} That's great. Do you know any joking words you have for that? 255: Oh many, but they're Let's say I don't {X} offensive, repeating. Interviewer: Well, it's okay. It's- it's quite all right. 255: Well I think {X} an outhouse is the main thing and Interviewer: If you had troubles and were telling me about them, you might say, well, um blank troubles, too. You know, like if you were telling me, uh if you had a lot of problems and troubles, and well, let's see i- no yeah if you were telling me you were having {NS} let's see if y- 255: Pain #1 and illnesses you # Interviewer: #2 wait no # 255: mean? I don't know #1 what it is. # Interviewer: #2 If uh # 255: problems Interviewer: Well, if you had a bunch of troubles and you were telling me about them, you might say uh like you fill in the blank in the sentence here. Well, blank troubles, too. Well, you know. Blank troubles, too. 255: I can recall {NS} a many a person in this town who have all sorts of statements to fill in that thing. Interviewer: #1 Well, we're just looking # 255: #2 I don't know # Interviewer: for like an expression #1 or {X} # 255: #2 Yeah I'm just I'm # trying to think of an expression that someone would use. I would say, and I have many other troubles. But {NS} uh I- I wouldn't I- I'm not able to respond to that. I don't know. {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Oh, let's see. Did you- here's another one of those, you know, fill-in-the-blank type things. Did you ever uh blank that noise? Like if there was a noise I would say, you know uh or you might say, did you ever uh blank that noise if it occurred. {NS} {X} There's a natural- 255: Of course, the natural thing that I would say, did you ever he- did you ever hear that #1 noise is what # Interviewer: #2 Right, right. # 255: But uh, I would may use different expression. {NS} Interviewer: And if I ask you uh let's see if I ask you if you know a person, you might say, no, but I blank of him. 255: Heard of him. Interviewer: Right. {NS} 255: Oh but I've heard of him, that'd be a common expression, yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} If a friend came back to town, and another friend, had been visiting him, you might a- you might be asked, haven't you seen him yet? And you might say, no I {NS} 255: Read that again, let's #1 see {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay if- if # a friend came back to town and another friend had been visiting with him you might say, haven't you seen him yet? And you might say, no I 255: have- I haven't run into him. Interviewer: Right. {NS} 255: No, I haven't run into him. {NS} And then you might say, {NW} then you might be asked, hasn't your brother seen him yet? And you might answer, no {NS} like you know, if- if I went up to you and said hasn't your brother seen him yet? And then you might say, no, {NS} I something else after that. Well I might would might say if it's somebody that you might not want to see, n- no, he hasn't been around. Uh because if you'd be seeking, it'd be a different thing. But if he ha- he's coming to town, would he come to see you, no, he hasn't been around. That would be said when the chances are he won't be around, either. Because they're not too close. Interviewer: That's good. {NS} Oh if something you do every day uh do you do it frequenc- uh if something that you- that you do every day, do you do it frequently? And then you might say, yes, I? Let's say like uh if you were out in the garden and working out there or something like that. And I would say, uh and you'd completed your work and I'll say, uh then I would say um have you- or have you finished with the work? And then you'd say- what would you might say? I have? {NS} 255: That's my yes, that's my daily job. That would be an answer #1 to that question. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Uh {NS} if you were performing an action, uh {NS} see w- if you're working out in the, let's see {NS} let's see, we're looking in here for a word. {NS} I think we've already covered that {X} {NS} Okay, if I go up to you and y- and I ask you does your brother like ice cream? And then you might reply, yes, he? {NS} 255: Well, that could be answered a number of ways. Yes, he devours it. But that would be {NS} Interviewer: Okay, well let's say if I ask you another question. Uh, or I say something like you don't smoke cigars, but he? {NS} A f- form of uh do. {NS} And here {NS} form of verb to do. 255: He's a chain-smoker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 255: Which is the case. I don't smoke, but my brother does. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. 255: It's ca- and it's causing serious trouble, too. {NS} Interviewer: If a man lets his farm get all run down and doesn't care, you might say to someone who asks, I really don't know, but he just blank to care. 255: Too damn lazy to care. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or you might say uh {NS} if you can give him his choice, he will tell you that he blank which one you give him? {NS} 255: Read that again. Interviewer: If you can give him his choice, but he will tell you he blank which one you give him? {NS} That doesn't sound {NS} okay I'll- I'll give you another uh example. If your son is in school, but pays no attention to the teacher, you might think that he just blank to care? {NS} Or just blank care? Like if your son's in school and he doesn't #1 pay attention # 255: #2 Well, uh # I would hate to say too dumb to care, or just too lazy to care. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 255: Doesn't doesn't {X} care, doesn't Interviewer: Or, you know, you just blank he just 255: #1 Too lazy. # Interviewer: #2 Like you # might say he just blank care. 255: Just too lazy to care. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: Or is too dumb to care. {NS} I'd hate to think my son was #1 was too # Interviewer: #2 Let's say # if we would say uh your son probably isn't that way. 255: {NW} Interviewer: It's just a, you know. 255: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 255: I realize that. Interviewer: {X} {NS} Uh if you don't think uh if you don't think so, {X} {NS} Oh wait a minute do you, right {X} {NS} do you know of any other words for uh do you? 255: Do I know of any other words for the expression do you? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: Would you. {NS} I really don't know, I don't- I don't use that expression. Interviewer: Yeah {X} {NS} Let's switch to the {X} {NS} If you had been discussing with a friend of yours what you might do with him, {NS} uh you would say I {NS} like if you were saying, like if you had been discussing with a friend of yours like, oh I'm going to go out fishing with that person. Uh {NS} you might go up to 'em and say, well I was just? 255: I was just fooling. {NS} Interviewer: Or uh if you were the action of discussion discussing, what would you say? Different words for that. 255: Kidding. Interviewer: Right. 255: I was just kidding. Interviewer: Or if you were seriously gonna go out there, then you were just? Uh 255: If it was seriously, I I was {NS} Interviewer: And uh {NS} okay this is side two that we're on, and we've just finished off with uh number thirteen point five, and now we're on thirteen point six. That's just for the tape. {NS} Okay um {NS} okay if I were to say, okay here's another one of those fill in the blank things. Uh {NS} if I was talking about a certain person, and I would say uh like I was questioning for instance, uh {NS} like uh the motives of a certain murderer, and I was saying, you know I can't understand it, I can't understand why he goes about and does these things. What makes uh what {NS} 255: What are your intentions? Interviewer: No what like if I were to say what compels him, wh- wh- what #1 what what other expressions # 255: #2 oh what- what is the motivating force? # Interviewer: Yeah, or something uh something a little bit more simple than that. 255: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Now, let's say # 255: #2 What is his # uh what is his reason. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 255: What is his motivating reason. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you say #1 {X} # 255: #2 Why does he # why does he {NS} why does he follow that tactic. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And then I would say uh if we're unsure {NS} about who murdered that person, and we go up and and a- a lot of people, they would be thinking about it we would say people think that {NS} {NS} 255: Couldn't if it was a suspect. People people think that he did it. Interviewer: Right. 255: People think that he {NS} he sure did it. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 255: And everything points to him doing it. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, I don't know what type of house this is but uh what type of house is this is it- oh let me see well, forget about that. Uh {NS} {NS} the sort of buildings that you uh what sort of building do you think you might have on a farm? {NS} 255: It should have uh a barn. I lived on a farm out at Hastings for four or five years when I was a youngster. We had uh we had our f- um main house uh we had a outhouse we had a barn we had a pigsty and we had a a help house. Interviewer: What's a help house is w- 255: For the well because men lived in away from the farm they'd- their families {X} Tom, I know Tom very well, he he had his wife and a bunch of children and he he had his house Interviewer: What 255: near the barn. Interviewer: wha- what {NW} what would you say is the plural of house? 255: Houses. Interviewer: Okay. Um the buildings that you would store corn in is called a? 255: Bin. Corn bin. {X} You would have a corn bin, surely. Hayloft. {NS} Or a stable. Interviewer: What do you call um a building or a part of a of a building where you store grain? {NS} 255: Grain house. {NS} Corn corn crib is what we uh that's the really the only grain we stored was corn. Corn grain, and we'd call it a corn crib. Interviewer: Uh w- how would you describe those be? 255: You mean the size or what? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: Um oh it depend upon we had cat- we had milk cows and horses and we had a large barn, a very large hayloft, and a large corn crib because we had several horses and and there were milk cows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um the upper part of a barn is called a? What would you call the upper 255: Loft. L-O-F-T. Hay loft, mainly. That's the always the case. Be drier up there, you see. Interviewer: Are there any other places where you might store hay in the barn? 255: Well, you'd st- if you had straw for the th- you put straw in the i- in the horse stables. And uh we'd collect straw and have it, but it's different from hay, they that'd be something they would be not eating, they don't eat straw, they would use that for to sop up the the moisture that would occur in a horse stable or cow stable. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If there was too much hay gathered uh #1 to get in the barn # 255: #2 You could bale it. # You- we we baled hay a great deal in- in bales. Like if you store that downstairs because that didn't have to be uh hay loft is {X} you have to have so air can get through it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: And if you had a d- a bale that was not necessary. You could store baled hay anywhere. Interviewer: And how is it kept outside, I was wondering. 255: Well the- we had uh haystacks uh that uh we would {NW} when we- we would have hay and someone we would have uh {NW} pulls up and pack hay round it and put a little uh canvas top over it uh over the top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Which would generally keep it dry, as a- as it weathered, the rain would would- would shed rather easily. Interviewer: How would you say is the- the shape of that pile? 255: Uh Interviewer: #1 like stack # 255: #2 it's it's # it's a haystack uh uh {NS} a conical shape. {NS} We had a pole to you set a pole up and you pile the hay round, start piling it at the bottom and build it up to {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: ten, fifteen feet. {NS} Interviewer: Wow. {NS} Wha- what is the cart that you use to bring the hay {NS} called, you know 255: {NW} Uh {NS} {NW} well we had a wagon of course, a hay wagon. a hay uh hay rack. If it- {NS} sides, up the side. The- we'd when we'd go for hay of a regular wagon, {NS} we had staves on uh we put staves up on each side {NS} so as then you'd pile more hay on it, of course. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} What would you call the- the thing where it has four poles a sliding roof on it? Sort of like a portable structure, the thing is. You know, the small little thing. And you know, you put 255: {NW} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 you put hay in there. # 255: but I can't think of the name right now. Interviewer: You ever hear of it referred to as a rick or Dutch cap or a haycap? 255: Well, I- no that's something you wouldn't find out in this area #1 for those # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 255: terms. That would be a term I've heard in Pennsylvania. I took a uh the American Forestry Association met in penta- Bristol Pennsylvania, we went on uh a hayride. Interviewer: {NW} 255: {X} and I've Interviewer: {NW} 255: heard that term expressed up there {X} {NS} Interviewer: Uh when you first cut the hay, what did you do with it? 255: Oh that you- you'd leave it in the fields to dry, and then you'd uh uh go every day and turn it over and let it dry, and then then when it was when it was matured, you'd you'd bale it or hold it in the barn. And you had to have {NS} no rain then, had to have good sunshiny weather to cu- cure hay was the {NS} the term we used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: They had to cure before you could put it away. Interviewer: Do you know of any names for the small piles of hay that were raked up in the field? {NS} 255: No. I don't recall. {NS} Interviewer: Where do you, uh did you ever hear that referred to as a shock? Or a 255: No. Interviewer: haycock or tumble or doodle? 255: That's not common names in this area though, I'm sure. Interviewer: A heap, a coil, a rickle or mow? 255: You might get that in Georgia. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 You hear those terms in # {NS} backwoods Georgia. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah I could understand that. {NS} Where do you keep your cows? If you know, if you had a cows {X} You know any special name for that? 255: Uh we had a cow barn, we had a horse horse stables in the cow barn. {NS} The funny thing we'd call the where we kept the horses stables and kept the where the cows in the cow barn. {NS} Interviewer: Well what'd you uh say if there was like a a special little shelter for them to get in when it was raining, was there any? You know. 255: Uh let's see, I've forgotten what you call the name of that, but there is a name for that but I can't recall it. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: I was very young when I was on the farm. When I was I went out there, we were moved to the farm when I was four years old and left there when I was eight. Four years on the farm. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call the place where you keep your horses? {X} We've already gone over that #1 {X} # 255: #2 Horse stable. # Interviewer: {NS} Besides the barn, {NS} uh {NS} did you ever have a special place where you would milk the cows outside? {NS} 255: No, we milked the cows I remember right, well I used to milk cows and we'd milk 'em in the right where the feeders, see you would have a you'd have to feed the cow while you milk 'em {X} And uh they the the the bins where they'd were set up and you'd bring the cow in and put the feed in there and then milk it. Interviewer: Hmm. 255: Milk while she was eating. Interviewer: Amazing. Besides the barn, did you ever hear did you ever have a special place where you would milk the cows outside? Wait, we've already asked that. 255: No, and I don't Interviewer: Pardon me. {NW} I'm just- I'm 255: We- we Interviewer: #1 {X} # 255: #2 we uh # occasionally you'd milk a cow outside, Interviewer: Right. 255: where you pick a bucket of feed and put down in front of her. But as a general rule, you only did that when uh was something the cow barn was too full or you had too much manure in it or something. Interviewer: Yeah. Um 255: Too wet. Something like that. Interviewer: Where do you keep your hogs and pigs, when you have 'em? 255: Pigsty. {NS} That'd be- that would usually be set apart from the from the barn. Interviewer: Did it have a shelter, or was it open? 255: No, open, as a general rule. Oh, it- it'd have t- ours I can see it right now, we had uh uh pigpens and we'd have old tin in a corner where they would come get out of the rain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: But you do- you didn't worry too much about hogs. {NW} Interviewer: That's what I figured. 255: Protecting hogs, they sort of protect themselves. Interviewer: Where did people used to keep their milk and butter uh before the the days of refrigeration? 255: A spring house they'd have uh as a rule, but that's that's not the- you'd have that mainly in {NS} in uh in hilly country, where they have uh springs, you don't have many springs here. {NS} Uh at least it would be just like artisan wells. And {NS} you don't have a {NS} place where you could {NS} go down {X} we never had one, we never had a spring house I know of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} 255: {X} Yeah, we kept butter and um we- we made butter uh from the cream and uh we'd keep it in a cool place. Uh my mother used to worry about that, keeping it cool not yet too hot. {NS} Spring house would have been very nice if we at least had a nice, cold spring #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 255: but Interviewer: You didn't have too many springs around here, #1 did you? # 255: #2 No. # We had a few springs, if any. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Um {NS} what other uh meanings would the word dairy have? 255: What other meanings would the word #1 dairy? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Di- where did you uh, you know. 255: Uh dairy farm You wanted the meaning? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 255: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 255: #2 What about the expression? # Interviewer: Yeah, that's one of 'em. Uh what about the place where it's processed and uh uh you know {NS} sent out from there. You know, where they send it to the stores. {NS} 255: You see you uh now if you were dealing up in New York state where the milk country up in the dairy farms, uh you'd d- it's entirely different in this area, we never had this was not a great dairy area. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Uh up there they collect milk and then uh y- go around, but here they never did that. You'd uh you'd have just your dairy for your own use your own family use. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: And the- if uh there were some {NS} well, if a person had forty fifty cows he'd have a day he'd deliver milk. And that would be a special thing I have I really don't know, I never Interviewer: Yeah. 255: lived on a dairy farm. Interviewer: Oh, where did you where then would you store uh potatoes and turnips in the winter? I was wondering. 255: I either put 'em in a in a bed uh y- uh bed 'em particularly sweet potatoes and and things you'd you'd put 'em- dig a hole uh not too deep for- you don't want the water you'd sort of put up on the surface and cover 'em over the mound of dirt. We did that to sugar cane and we did that to uh {NS} to potatoes. Sweet potatoes. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. That's interesting. Um 255: Irish potatoes you'd put 'em we put 'em under the house. {NS} And they would uh that type of Irish potato, we'd do you couldn't keep very long, anyway. They'd rot in six or eight weeks. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call the place around the barn where you might let the cows and the mules and the other farm animals walk around? {NS} 255: Barnyard. {NS} Interviewer: What would you call the place where a uh you let them go out to graze? {NS} You know, the area where they went out to graze. 255: Well you see in uh as a rule well I c- we'd have uh yes {NS} uh {NS} go out to graze in the field's what we'd call it. They'd go where we have gr- uh hay growing or gr- young grasses growing. And you'd have uh have it sectioned off where uh to where this week they'll be in this field, and the next week they'll be in that field. So as not to stamp it out. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah so with the sectioning, I was wondering uh what type of fencing did you have in there? 255: Barbed wire. Barbed wire fencing. Interviewer: Was it always fenced? 255: Well uh mainly the barbed wire, that was the cheapest way to put a fence in. Barbed wire has spikes on it, and the cows will stay away. Had to have {D:toothy} strands of barbed wire will Interviewer: {NW} 255: will be a r- effective will will hold cattle. {NS} Interviewer: All right, here's a question that sort of uh pertains to the area. So we're trying to understand the geography. Uh did you ever raise cotton? {NS} 255: No, we never raised cotton on our farm, and uh just if anybody raised cotton out in the Hastings area where our farm was, that was just something to be uh just to fool with. Just to experiment with. Not as a crop. Interviewer: Whe- where was the Hastings area, that's interesting. 255: Hastings i- eighteen miles from here, that's a farming area in this county. Interviewer: Eighteen miles due west? 255: Due west, that's Interviewer: Yeah. 255: I'd say Hastings is called the the uh early Irish potato section. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: The Hastings area is well-known all over the country. Interviewer: You raised potatoes out there? 255: Irish potatoes, yes. They raised oh they would plant twenty-five thousand acres of potatoes. {NS} {X} it's called an early potato. Interviewer: Mm. 255: It has a- it won't keep like the Idaho potato will keep as a dry potato. {NS} The {NS} you'd grow 'em- well they grow to maturity in Idaho and they {X} but over here they dig 'em and uh puts- they plant 'em in uh l- January and dig 'em in April {NS} and uh {NS} they're about {NS} sixty percent water. And then uh {NS} they don't dry out. And because they are so have so much water in 'em, they won't keep. {NS} And you got to {NS} they've got to sometimes potatoes will rot within two three weeks. {X} {X} {NS} Interviewer: That's amazing. {NW} I never- I never knew that before. {NS} D- what do you call the grass that grows up uh um what would you call the grass that grows up uh that you didn't want? You know, around here. Let's say if you were raising those potatoes. {NS} 255: Crabgrass is uh a type of {NS} tantalizing grass that would grow to {NS} Interviewer: I was wondering, did you happen to know uh of any of the type of grass that may have grown in a cotton field or any- that di- 255: No. #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 255: know crabgrass. Interviewer: Yes. {X} {NW} Cotton and uh let's see {NW} {NS} Um the cotton and corn uh would be grown in a what would you say, what area? 255: Of course cotton and corn would be growing in a field. Interviewer: Right. 255: But they uh and they grow a lot of corn in this area, but they would grow no cotton. No commercial cotton farmed here at all, I know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What things would you say uh let's see w- tobacco would be also grown in or it would be grown in a what? 255: {NW} Uh {NS} well in a fiel- tobacco doesn't grow in this particular area. We don't plant {X} When I was president of the rotary in 1942, {NS} our rotary club {NS} I was instrumental with a mister {B} who was a tax collector. I was starting a five-acre Interviewer: {NW} 255: tobacco farm, to see experimentally {NS} to see if uh we could do something with it that would encourage other farmers to diversify from potatoes and cabbage, and try to grow some tobacco here. And so we had a farm, we got us tobacco farmer from Georgia and we struggled with it uh he turned out to be drunk most of the time {NS} and let the worms eat the tobacco and so we didn't have much of a crop, but we did it for three years. It cost the rotary club considerable money. {NS} Uh we didn't make much out of it but in the final analysis, we proved the point that you can grow tobacco, but you need a capable manager for one thing. And we sold our tobacco. We went over to the {X} market, and followed the experiment all down and wrote a paper on it. And uh that was one of the things that I was trying to do as during my time as president of the rotary. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: And uh {NS} uh wasn't too successful, but it it proved the point. Interviewer: Yeah. 255: At least the- the few the I mean tobacco could grow in this area, if properly handled. Properly managed. But we- we proved that point. Interviewer: What would you call uh things that were growing in a patch? 255: Potato patch. The the we ca- the- the cornfield, let's see the the uh uh {NS} sugarcane patch. That we'd certainly call that a we- cuz that was just grown for uh almost family use and we were taking uh take the corn, haul it over to our relatives who lived close to our farm where we would {NS} grind the cane and the all the neighbors would get together on sugar grinding. And they would make uh make uh syrup {NS} out of it. Sugarcane syrup. {NS} Interviewer: That's amazing. Uh what kind of fence what kind of fences uh do you have around the yards and the garden? {NS} 255: A picket fence. Uh would be uh an expression. And uh or barbed wire fence. Particularly if you wanted to keep uh cows out but if you wanted to keep pigs out, you have to have a a very secure fence, cuz they they will get you have to have a little uh a holdfast. Interviewer: {NW} 255: Which is quite different from a barbed wire fence they keep cattle in. {NS} Interviewer: Can you make any uh other kind of fences out of wood? {NS} Or you know are there any other kind of fences you could 255: {X} uh yeah fence posts and but you'd use wood for that and then a picket fence would be the mainly thing you'd use around the residence you wouldn't use that around a farm, as a general rule. We had a picket fence around our house on {X} Avenue where I was born. Interviewer: Uh what would you um call the kind of fence that's made of split rails, and they're laid in a zigzag fashion. {NS} 255: You would have very few fences like that uh they would call uh that Abraham Lincoln uh was famous for uh the what do they call that type of fence uh I'm trying to think of the term now. Can't think of it we had very few of those here. Only occasionally you would have 'em as an orn- orn- ornamental. Uh s- s- what do what do the term for that I just has {D: passing} me now, I can't think of it. {NS} A split-rail fence, I guess. Split-rail. Split-rail fence. Interviewer: Um what would you and you said a form of this, but I'm looking for the singular. {NS} When you set up a barbed-wire fence, you must dig holes for the what? 255: Fence posts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what would be the singular of that? 255: {NW} A- a fence post. Interviewer: Right. {NW} {NS} Good. Uh what do you call a fence or a wall made of loose stone rock that you might uh remove from a field? 255: That you'd never do that in this area because we don't have that type of stone uh fence here. But it would be uh mm oh I don't know. I've seen many of those fences in Pennsylvania. And many of 'em in Virginia and other places. A rock fence, I don't know what they call 'em. We don't have none down here. Interviewer: {NW} Okay, now on a farm again uh dealing with um chickens, I don't know if you if you know too much about that, but I'll ask you a few questions about it. If you uh want to make a hen start laying, what would you put in her nest to fool her? 255: China egg. We'd say that all the time, we had a lot of chickens. Interviewer: What would you use to carry uh to carry water in? 255: Bucket. Pail. Interviewer: Would it be made out of uh wood or metal? 255: Outta a wooden bucket, you'd say a wooden bucket. A pail would be usually a- a tin pail. Galvanized iron. But you'd say uh get the woo- {NW} uh get the wooden bucket. Hold the water in the wooden bucket {X} Interviewer: Well what would you carry uh milk in? I was wondering. 255: Oh pail, a milk pail or Interviewer: Uh what is it made out of? That'd be galvanized metal or plastic or tin? 255: Probably be made out of tin uh um or galvanized tin would be galvanized bucket {X} you'd try to get a galvanized bucket if you could. That'd stand up better than tin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What sort of container would you use to carry food uh to the pigs? {NS} 255: Well you- the term was you slop the pigs when you're gonna feed 'em, you slop 'em. Uh {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: I would probably say uh feed the pigs {X} {NS} well now I- I didn't slop the pigs yet, I haven't slopped the pigs yet. Interviewer: So what would- what would the bucket #1 you know, that special bucket be called? # 255: #2 And uh he would have a # {NS} And and and that {X} the word we'd use for anything else was a swill bucket. The- you feed hogs swill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 255: That's the we'd {X} of course we had to feed 'em corn, too. Cuz they'd have enough swill to from the- the family swill is {X} sufficient feed the hogs we'd have to give 'em grain. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh {NS} What do you fry eggs in? I was wondering. {NS} 255: Skillet. {NS} Frying pan. {NS} Interviewer: What is- 255: Saucepan. Interviewer: What is it made out of? {NS} 255: Well it's made out of uh cast iron a great deal. And uh the- now you make 'em out of aluminum and you make 'em out of {NS} uh {NS} unusual metals. But when I was young, you had frying pans outta cast iron. Interviewer: What did you say those words were? Uh different words for that frying pan? 255: Frying pan. Skillet. Saucepan. {NS} Interviewer: Uh how about if yo- if you had one with legs and an old fire- 255: Ah, that's uh that's a oh dear we got one. {NW} Got one right now. {NS} Uh I used to use for camping. You- oh dear, can't think of it right now. {NS} There's a name for that, a common name. {NS} Ba- uh {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of it referred to as a spider or a creeper? 255: Oh yes, a spider. But that's not the word we use down here. We never called it a spider, we called it something else. {NS} I wish I could think of it. {NS} Ba- uh {NS} uh my- my wife would know. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} 255: Spider, yes. I've heard of spider. {NS} Interviewer: Uh 255: Bake uh some kind of oven see {NS} Go ahead, {X} Interviewer: {NW} What about uh something big and black that you would that you had put out in the backyard. That you um might use for heating up the water to boil your clothes? {NS} 255: {NW} {NS} Well we had {X} big pots was used to boil clothes in, we'd boil clothes and then taken had a uh uh we'd beat clothes to- on our- on our block. Uh and tha- that was a regular thing. Take the clothes out the hot water put 'em on there and beat 'em and beat 'em and uh put 'em back in water and then rinse water and then put 'em right on the line. {NS} And the same pots we'd use for what we'd ca- for hog killing. When we would kill hogs, we'd use the- those pots to keep the water in. To dump the pig in before you took the hair off of its back. Interviewer: Hmm. #1 {X} # 255: #2 You'd kill # Interviewer: {D: Oh, you're kidding} #1 you'd kill it. # 255: #2 you'd kill it. # And uh then when you really time you'd kill it, you immediately had the water hot. You'd put it in a in the hot water, the boiling water, and for a certain length of time. And then you'd put it on a table and we'd immediately grab the hair, pulling the hair off it. Interviewer: Huh. Did you ever use that uh for boiling potatoes? 255: Oh, you'd boil potatoes for the hogs, yes. We used to feed 'em Interviewer: {NW} 255: boiled potatoes for hogs and then- and cook in it. Uh we would uh they could be kept clean of course, cleaned out. And we'd cook uh uh oh our {X} would be cooking {NS} uh ho- uh potatoes sweet potatoes Irish potatoes uh cook 'em a certain amount before giving 'em to the hogs. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. That's interesting. What would you call the container that you that you plant some sort of flower in it or uh keep in the house? {NS} 255: {NW} I know that, I know many names for that, but I can't think of it. Interviewer: You can just put- sometimes you put water in it, #1 you know and you put flowers in it. # 255: #2 Sure, {X} # {NS} I can't think of it, but we've got several eight, nine. Interviewer: Yeah, and right here. {NS} 255: A planter. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} What are the eating utensils that you uh you set at each plate uh when you're setting a the table for supper. 255: Knife and fork and spoon. What do you mean, you'd ca- what do you call 'em? Interviewer: No, that you'd you've just said the right ones. Uh if you had sort of several steaks, and it wasn't very tendered, you might have put some uh put you might have put steak 255: #1 Sauce. # Interviewer: #2 what on that? # On that. 255: Steak sauce or tenderi- uh uh there's uh {NS} accent they use, but course that's a modern thing. We never did that whe- when I was young we you would have steak and it was tough, you'd just chew it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the utensils that you'd use for uh the special utensils for that. 255: For for for frying a steak or #1 what? # Interviewer: #2 No no, for eating it. # You know. {NS} 255: Oh you have a plate Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: And and silverware. Interviewer: What would you use to cut the steak with? 255: You'd use a a knife. Course. #1 We've got a sharp # Interviewer: #2 I mean what's a # 255: knife. Interviewer: What's the plural of that, I was {NS} 255: Course the plural of knife is knives. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if the dishes are all dirty you would say it's almost supper time, before we can have supper we have to? 255: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: Right. Right. 255: {NW} Interviewer: Yep {NW} 255: {X} my mother-in-law she used to of Germany said- she would always say wash. You have to wash the- wash the dishes. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 Or # wash the clothes. Interviewer: That's interesting. After- after you wash the dishes uh she might do what with the water? You know she might #1 blank them # 255: #2 Scald 'em # or scald the dishes with hot water {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But what would you do uh sh- then she would blank them with clear water? {NS} 255: Rinse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Rinse 'em. Interviewer: What's the plural of that? 255: Well, I don't know {NS} Uh you wouldn't use the plural very much but uh there's uh go- you'd have to go through a series of rinses Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: {NW} Interviewer: Right. {NS} Uh what would you call the cloth or rag that you might use in washing 255: dishcloth. Interviewer: What would you call the cloth or rag that you would use in drying dishes? {NS} 255: Towel. Dish towel. Interviewer: What would you call the small square or terry cloth that you would use to bathe your face? 255: Wash rag. Interviewer: After bathing, what would you use to dry yourself off with? 255: {NW} Towel. Bath towel. Interviewer: What would you tur- um what would you- what do you turn on at the water pipe of a kitchen sink? 255: Faucet. {NW} Interviewer: Hmm. 255: And in the country, we had rainwater uh cistern and tha- there was a pump in the kitchen, it was connected with the cistern to- you'd use rainwater sparingly to wash clothes with and wash dishes with because there would wouldn't use as much soap. It was easy on soap. The other water out- came out of the well uh it was hard. {NS} You'd have to have {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would uh what terms do you um would you use for other things um like that out in the yard, where you would attach a garden hose or where the firemen would hitch up a firehose? 255: Hydrant. Faucet. Interviewer: {NW} 255: Pump. That Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: well well, you'd have to use a you'd hitch a hose to a faucet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call um if you're working out in the field, and they've brought water out in a cart or wagon, uh what would that water container be called? 255: Bucket. I remember now that uh when a when the field when we were digging potatoes would have oh a dozen or so extra hands. There's always a water boy coming down with a dipper and uh and a bucket and they- they would all use the same dipper Interviewer: #1 Oh, that's interesting. # 255: #2 take a drink of water. # Interviewer: Did you ever have something that you uh could turn to to get the water to run into uh into your dipper or uh cup? 255: Turn to? What do you mean? I don't- say that again. Didn't understand. Interviewer: Like, you know the little thing that gets the water to to drip into your cup or #1 Well, I think we've already # 255: #2 Spigot. # Interviewer: yeah 255: Faucet. {NS} The water spigot. Interviewer: {NW} Mm-hmm. {NS} It was um {NS} Okay let's say that {X} that it was so cold last night that our water pipes? 255: Froze. {NW} Interviewer: And then if they freeze so much, what do they usually do sometimes? 255: They burst. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um people used to buy flour in a what? {NS} 255: A f- flour to make bread? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: In a sack. Flour sack. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: I used to have flour sacks used to when I was little, I'd make my underwear out of uh Gold Medal flour sacks. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} That's interesting. Um and oh uh let's say a larger containing container where you know, it'd be really big. And it's round, made out of wood. 255: Oh hogshead. Interviewer: No was that what's it called? 255: Well they that something uh the- that's a big container. Like a barrel. Half of a barrel. {NS} Interviewer: And what's that called again? 255: Barrel. Interviewer: Oh no, you used another term. 255: Oh hogshead. Interviewer: Uh something that you might have to roll off a wagon or a couple of logs or boards? You know the the thing that you would use uh you know 255: I mean you put something down in the back of a wagon so as to roll things down and then Interviewer: Yeah. 255: And- and the uh oh I forgot what you {X} {X} {NS} It's been a long time since that has happened. Interviewer: What did uh molasses come in when you uh okay what did molasses come in when you used to buy it um on a fairly large quantities? 255: Uh {NS} well that way I have never experienced cuz we had our own molasses syrup. I know when I was on the farm and when you bought it in um Interviewer: {NW} 255: bottles that really see we put our own s- syrup in bottles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: And uh sealed it with a cork. Interviewer: Is there was a- a type of uh sugar syrup they used to make, too? Cane s- 255: Yeah, yeah they made sugar out of cane sure they served brown sugar, they made and uh {NS} Interviewer: What about um the lard? You know, what if if you bought some lard w- in a large quantity, what would that come in? 255: Uh well uh a lard can or let's see lard see wh- when I was young when we killed hogs in November, every November we killed hogs. And uh we would make lard to use and we'd have lard big large lard lard cans that we'd put it and use it all during the year. Uh for for uh seasoning and and frying {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 255: Lord help us now, I wouldn't have that now, it'd kill me if I eat that Interviewer: {NW} 255: hog's lard. Interviewer: Did you ever call those containers a stand? 255: No. {NS} Interviewer: What would you use to enable what do you use to enable you to pour water into a narrow-mouth bottle? {NS} 255: Huh. {NS} {X} my uh I'm lost. Interviewer: {X} {NS} Uh well let- do you ever hear of it called a funnel? 255: Sure, that's what it is. Interviewer: Okay, and what about a tunnel? 255: A tunnel, no. Not a tunnel, but a funnel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} What do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're riding them in a buggy? 255: Buggy whip. Interviewer: If you brought fruit I mean if you bought food let's see {NW} if you bought fruit at the store, the grocer might put it in a? 255: Bought fruit? Uh you might put it in of course he'd put it in a bag or a basket depending. Interviewer: Yeah it was uh right. Uh {NW} how is a fairly large quantity of sugar packed? {NS} 255: Sugar bar- they'd put it in a barrel. Or uh I've heard of sugar barrels. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. About- let's say about fifty pounds of flour you know and those type of things. 255: It'd be- that'd be in a sack. Flour sack, as a general rule. {NS} Interviewer: You never heard of any other terms for it? Huh 255: No. Interviewer: Like uh a poke or a meal sack? 255: Well, you get that in some backwoods areas of Georgia, again I say you might get a poke. I know I've heard it. I know what that expression is, but we- I'd never heard it used in our house. Interviewer: What do you call the bag or a sack of potatoes uh that are shipped in? You know, the strong bag you know made out of that type of a weed. 255: He- uh hemp. Hemp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Uh they uh {NS} Interviewer: What was the whole bag called? 255: Of course we- when we were growing potatoes we shipped 'em in a barrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: And now they ship 'em in in uh uh aerated uh potato sacks. I don't know what it's called. Interviewer: You ever hear of it uh re- um talked as a burlap sack? 255: Yeah. I've heard of burlap sack Interviewer: Coffee sack? 255: What? Interviewer: Coffee sack? 255: No. Interviewer: Um How about a crocus sack? 255: Crocus sack, yeah {X} I've heard well that term, yes. I've heard that term all my life. I know exactly what a crocus sack is. Interviewer: {NW} And uh ever hear of a a guano sack? 255: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NW} what would you call the amount of corn that you might take to the mill at one time to be ground? {NS} 255: {D: Counted weight} I don't know we never take corn to a mill to be ground. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the amount of wood that you uh can carry? {NS} 255: Armful. {NS} Interviewer: How about yeah right. 255: Hmm? Interviewer: Good. {NW} Um when the light burns out in an electric lamp, and you put in you put in a new what? 255: Bulb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh the- what about the two terms, you know with the the di- the thing that they have. You had part of it, but the two terms for the {X} {NS} Or what, you know 255: Or you'd screw a bulb in a socket Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. {NS} When you carry the washing out to hang it up on the line, you carry it out in a what? {NS} 255: Hmm. {NS} Washtub. {NS} That's what we- lots of time we carried {X} Have to w- you'd have your washing and you drain the water out of it, and and you got to clothes dry and you wanted to take them out to hang 'em up, you put 'em in a washtub and they'd be taken out hang 'em on a line. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What runs around the barrel to hold uh the wood in place? {NS} 255: Well the wood is barrel staves. We know the staves. We used to make barrels that way. And you gotta uh we'd have {NS} barrel hoops. Hoops. {NS} Interviewer: Uh what do you put let's see where are {X} Um the musical instrument children play, and it's sorta held like this. 255: {X} {NS} Interviewer: Um what would what about something that you would hold between your teeth and pick with your fingers and it would twang sorta {X} 255: Jew's harp. {NS} Interviewer: Um what do you pound nails with? {NS} 255: Hammer. {NS} Claw hammer. {X} claws on the back of it. {NS} Interviewer: If you have a wagon and two horses what is the long, wooden piece between the horses? 255: The uh what the singletree goes across the back. Tongue. {NS} That's the tongue. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: And there's a singletree attached to each horse's poles. {NS} Interviewer: Um if you have a a horse pulling a buggy before you hitch 'em up you would have to back 'em in between the? 255: Shafts. {NS} Interviewer: The steel outside of a- of a wagon wheel, what would you call that? 255: The uh I don't know, I- I really unless the rim. I don't know what else you'd call it. {NS} Interviewer: What would you #1 say # 255: #2 Oh yes, # there's a name for it, I don't {X} I'm just trying to think now. Blacks- I remember in the blacksmith's shop making 'em. No, I don't know. But it will can't think. Interviewer: Um {NS} Did you- {NS} okay uh did you ever hear the term felly? 255: What? Interviewer: Felly? 255: Filly? Interviewer: Felly. 255: #1 Uh I don't know a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: felly, but I know a filly is a small horse. Interviewer: Did you never heard of that steel rim being called a felly? 255: F-E-L-L-Y? Interviewer: Yes. 255: No. Interviewer: Um okay um {NS} the next one. {NS} {NW} {NS} Now on the uh on the wagon you would have two horses, and each of them has a singletree. 255: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 What would you # call the thing that both hi- horses are hitched to, in order to keep the horses together? 255: Uh {NS} Double I forgot. But I don't know {X} {X} I can't think. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever call it a- a doubletree? 255: Double- well no. Uh #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: Double what, another name maybe. Interviewer: What about a double singletree? {NS} 255: Double singletree. {NS} I guess uh i- it it would have to uh be uh double- double singletree, probably what it'd be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: That would be more expressive, we'd know what you're talking about now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Uh if a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you would say he was doing what? 255: Hauling it. Hauling wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um suppose there was a long or suppose there was a log across the road you would say, I tied a rope around it and blank it away and blank it outta the way. 255: Hauled it away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh what about {NS} if uh you let's see the oh I'll ask you another one. We have blank quite a few stumps out of here with mules and chains. What would you say? You know. If you have a stump in the ground, 255: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and you tie it in there 255: Yeah we've done that, I've seen that done many times with clearing. Uh yanked it out or hauled it away {X} Interviewer: And if you pull it across the ground, and as you're pulling it across w- what are you doing to it? 255: You're hauling it. Interviewer: Yeah and it- and it sorta like uh {NS} like as I- I pull this pencil across there. And it's- it's doing something along the ground. What is it doing? {NS} You know. It's uh 255: This is s- {D: really don't remember} uh tra- track. Interviewer: Hmm? 255: Well, there's haul, but I don't know what else you would say. {X} no well Interviewer: Um {NS} okay w- the I'm looking for {NS} the past tense of drag, okay? {NS} 255: #1 He drug it across, # Interviewer: #2 I # 255: #1 that's what I've heard some # Interviewer: #2 yeah {NW} # 255: people say. I don't think I would say he drug it across. Interviewer: #1 Oh you know {X} # 255: #2 I'd say he {X} # {X} Interviewer: {NW} 255: He drug it across. Interviewer: Okay good 255: #1 Oh yeah, he drug it- # Interviewer: #2 that's the distinction we're looking for. # 255: yeah he drug it, but I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: Okay great. Well what- what do you {NW} what do you break uh the ground with with in the spring? 255: Plow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Plow or furrow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. From what do you- what kind of things do you do later after you you know, you get ready to plant? What do you do to the ground after that? 255: Turn it over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: And then you uh uh put it in the groves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you happen to know the kind of uh things that you if you're on a hill? You know with plowing? {NS} 255: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. How that works? 255: No. We- we don't do that. You couldn't- and this is not hill country. You'd uh you'd have to {NS} I've seen pictures of that, what they- how they do, but I don't- #1 know what they # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 255: call it. Interviewer: Okay, after you have plowed, what do you use to break the ground up even finer? 255: Oh a harrow. {NS} Cut it up. Interviewer: Any uh names that you have uh for harrows? Any different #1 kinds of names? # 255: #2 Uh # yeah, let's see {NS} oh gee, I've forgotten the term but there are several names for harrows. Interviewer: You ever hear of a spring-tooth harrow? 255: What? Interviewer: Spring-tooth harrow? 255: No. I don't use tha- I don't use that term. Interviewer: What about a gee whiz? 255: {NW} No, I don't- I don't think so, no. But I wouldn't be surprised {X} descriptive names I know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is it that uh what is it that the wheels of a wagon fit into? 255: Spokes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh the wheels that- there's a shaft it goes right under the wagons that they fit into. They have it on cars also {NS} 255: Course a tom goes between the Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: The two horses on a two horse ride, or shafts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: And um Interviewer: What about the the part that holds the two wheels together on the car you know 255: Oh, an axle. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 255: Oh gosh I put axle grease on those many a time. When I was young. {NS} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the X-shaped frame that you would lay across uh to chop wood for? {NS} #1 You know, for the {X} # 255: #2 Saw- # sawhorse? Or or across uh {NS} uh let's see. {NS} Of course a sawhorse is uh one thing. And then something you'd put an X-ing and put wood in to saw it is called a cross saw. Cross we got uh Interviewer: What would you call the A-shaped frames that you would use to lay the boards across to make a table for a church supper or something like that, you know. {NS} 255: A-frame, what do you mean by Interviewer: Yeah, they're- they're shaped like an A, you know. Little stands there. 255: Now I don't know I- Interviewer: You'll some- {NW} sometimes see 'em out on the roads here, you know when they when they ever have uh like a warning you know for like when they're working on the sides of the #1 roads # 255: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: they have those little A-frame shaped things. 255: But I don't know what you'd call it. I don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: I might recognize some of the names that others call it. Interviewer: Okay. 255: Like crocus sack. I couldn't think of that, but that's exactly what very expressive. Interviewer: You hear that word be- used very much down here? 255: Crocus sack? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: Oh yeah. Oh yes, that's common, very common. Interviewer: Um #1 {NW} # 255: #2 I got # two crocus sacks out in the barn now, I use it to get oysters in. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} okay. Um You would straighten your hair with a comb and also a? 255: Brush. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You would sharpen uh a razor on a leather? 255: S- strap, or some people call it a strop. Interviewer: You ever hear it used uh very much around here, a strop? 255: Oh yeah, when I was young I heard that. But a s- strap what I would say. Here's a strap. Interviewer: What do you put in a revolver? {NS} 255: Bullet? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Okay if I were saying they were using live ammunition, they were just or they weren't using live ammunition, they were just firing blank what? 255: Blank shells. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A pl- uh plank laid over a trestle for children to play on? You know, the thing that goes up and down? {NS} 255: Sawhorse? {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Yeah and uh yeah right. Do you ever hear of any other words for that? You know, where they go up and down? {NS} 255: Nope, sawhorse what I always called it. Interviewer: Um what do you call a lumber plank fixed at both ends that children used to jump on uh u- that children used to jump up and down on? 255: Did what- uh you sai- at f- both ends and Interviewer: Yeah, it's fixed at both ends and and it was sorta springy and kids would jump up and down on. 255: Springboard? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever um let's see, do you ever hear of it called a joggling board? 255: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 255: We use a springboard over when you would dive in the water, use it like a diving board. That's what's called a springboard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about when that's a fixed at both ends, you ever hear of one of those? 255: What? Interviewer: Two ends. There was a board that'd be like have two ends that are held together, and the kids would jump up and down. 255: On uh uh I think I've seen that done but that's s- not a common thing {NS} in this area. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. There might be a plank that is anchored in the middle to a post or a stump. And children get on each end and spin around it. What would you call that? {NS} 255: Well it's not a merry-go-round but it's a principle of uh uh I can't think of what the common name would be used Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 255: #2 for the # that's- that's quite that was quite common in playground for children. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it referred to as a flying jenny? 255: Yes, sure I have, I certainly have. Interviewer: What about a flying Dutchman? 255: I think even both words is descriptive of that. I think I would recognize it. Interviewer: Or a whirligig? {NS} 255: Yeah. Same thing, I've heard that also. Interviewer: {D: Rody horse?} 255: Yeah I've heard that too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: I suppose they're all descri- describe that one thing. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well let's say if- if these kids are on this uh seesaw, what are they doing? {X} 255: Seesawing. Interviewer: Yeah right. And what you- what was that word you used for it uh you called it a oh see- uh saw- sawhorse, right? 255: Sawhorse, yes. {NW} Interviewer: And uh 255: Seesawing o- on a sawhorse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Now wait a minute, now. Just a minute, now. {X} Seesawing with a sawhorse is a is a something to do do as a {NS} here and across a A-frame go down in, A-frame go down in to hold it up. {NS} We use that as a in building, put lumber on it, you gotta Interviewer: Oh, I see. 255: You'd have two sawhorses put a piece of board, one sawhorse to the other, and saw it. Interviewer: Oh I see, so it er two A-frame structures that are holding up one piece of #1 board. # 255: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 255: #2 That's right. # That's a sawhorse. Interviewer: Um when you tie a long rope on a tree limb and you put it uh seed on it so that the children go back and forth on it, you're making a what? 255: Swing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call- what do you carry coal in? 255: Bucket. Coal bucket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What runs from the stove to the chimney? 255: What- oh Interviewer: Yeah, if you- 255: {X} {NW} They uh a chimney pipe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Smoke pipe. Smoke pipe. {NS} Interviewer: A small vehicle to carry bricks or other heavy things with a little wheel in the front, and two handles? 255: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call uh I mean what do you sharpen a uh s- uh a scythe on or you know, what do you sharpen a scythe on? 255: A stone, we call it s- uh uh s- uh well, a certain kind of stone. But it's a stone you'd sharpen the side with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about- did you ever have one that was made outta wood? 255: No. No no I'd u- a sh- s- you- something that ma- made out of wood to sharpen something with? No. Interviewer: Okay. 255: Never. You'd have to use stone or a something steel Interviewer: What is the thing that you drive nowadays? 255: Automobile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Um # 255: #2 Um # Interviewer: if grease got all over your hands, then your hands are all? 255: Messy. Interviewer: Yeah. It's a form of grease also. The word grease. 255: Hmm? Interviewer: If- if I put- 255: Greasy or or s- messy. Greasy, yeah, my hands are greasy. {NS} Interviewer: If you have a door hinge that is squeaking, what would you say uh that you oughta do for it? {NS} 255: Put some oil on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Oh I was wondering about the- we were talking about the stones you know, that you sharpen things on, what about the type of stone that turns round? 255: Oh yeah, uh grindstone. Yeah, grindstone. {NS} Interviewer: What is it that you use to burn in lamps? 255: Wicks. Interviewer: What about uh you know the- the the fuel that you use in there. 255: Kerosene. Interviewer: You ever hear 255: Coal oil, they call it. Interviewer: What might you make a makeshift lamp with a rag and a bottle and kerosene? 255: Sure. Interviewer: You know, if- if you 255: Stick it in the bottom, then the wick down in the oil and a part of it sticking out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 What would you call that? # 255: #2 {X} # {NS} Well, it's the same as a lamp. Which is uh s- it it'd be improvised, if it was just a bottle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So you didn't have any special words #1 that you use for that? # 255: #2 No, I wouldn't # no I wouldn't Interviewer: You ever heard it to- referred to as a torch? 255: A lantern, yes. A lantern or a torch. A torch, yes. Well I would say yes. If you had a bottle uh you improvised a torch. Ye- yeah, you'd do that. Interviewer: That's interesting. Do you ever hear of it called a flambeau? 255: No. But that- that'd be very expressive, I would know what they mean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Inside the- the tire um yeah inside the tire is called the inner what? 255: Inner tube. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} If they have just built a boat and are going to put it into the water you might say that they are going to? What with the- what the boat? 255: Hmm. I know of a {X} we built boats. and and and put 'em in the water. Well, you'd slide it in the water but that isn't the name that I think to put out there. I can't think of the name. Uh Interviewer : Okay this is side one. And we've just finished with two point for and now we're on I mean twenty four point four we're now on twenty four point five. Uh let's see we're just talking about um hey we were just talking about boats and uh after you just build them the different things you might do with them. You know when you when you get them in the water. 255: Caught in the water And I I can't think of the Anytime of watching it {X} I said I cannot think of a better term of launching it unless that launching it be the thing that you want {NS} We built a uh a a colored man lived with us uh all the time uh it was a very {X} colored man. He built He built a {X} so anxious {X} went fishing that same day. Interviewer : mm-hmm 255: row boat Interviewer : Okay uh beg your pardon what'd you say? 255: They called it a row boat that's what we built Interviewer : um was there any other type of name that you used for that type of boat or 255: No they called it a row boat so. Interviewer : You ever call it John boat? 255: no no Interviewer : {X} 255: no that's {X} in Louisiana now Interviewer : Okay uh if uh if I ask you when you were going you might say I was blank today. 255: {X} you ask me when I was going Interviewer : #1 yea if I ask # 255: #2 leaving today # Interviewer : Right and then there's a form of go to go and then 255: I'm Interviewer : #1 I was # 255: #2 I'm # ready to go Interviewer : Yea and I was Blanking um was Something today I was 255: Planning to go today or Preparing to go today Interviewer : mm-hmm the you know the jargon form of go 255: the what Interviewer : the jargon 255: no Interviewer : uh 255: {X} {X} I'm about to go or what Interviewer : mm-hmm right uh in the different forms of the of the word go uh then there is uh {NS} let's see uh the action of doing it let's say I I am what today 255: I'm going today. Interviewer : mm-hmm 255: I'm going today yes I'm planning to go today {NS} Interviewer : Yea if he said that he was going to get some uh cake or something like that uh and then said now oh wait you already already said that word {NW} we just ran over that uh if a child is learning to dress himself and the mother brings him the clothes and says yea and she brings in the clothes and she takes the clothes and says 255: {NS} Put your clothes on for one thing Interviewer : and just 255: Dress yourself Interviewer : mm-hmm and if you say uh for instance say you know the mother brings in the clothes and she directs the child's attention to the clothes and she says uh 255: Now dress yourself Interviewer : Yea or she wants the child to see the clothes and say points to him and says 255: there they are there are your clothes put them on Interviewer : mm-hmm and then she says now she brings him up and she has him in her hands and she goes to the child and she says 255: Here are your clothes {NW} Interviewer : If you meet a little boy on the corner and he's afraid of you and you might tell him you're not going to hurt him uh by saying don't cry I 255: Well I won't hurt you. Don't cry I won't scare you I won't Interviewer : If you haven't um If you're having If you're having an argument with somebody and you want to ask him if he doesn't uh see if you're having an argument with somebody and you wanted to ask him if he didn't think you were right about this you would say well I'm right I'm right blank 255: Don't you think so I'm right don't you think so I'm right Interviewer : Uh if someone thanked you for a ride to town you might say don't mention it we blank going 255: We were going that way anyway We were going over town anyway We were going this way anyway Interviewer : If you were talking about the old days when everything was better than it is now you might lean back and say 255: Good old times Interviewer : {NW} and blank the good old days like if I referred it you know to the 255: #1 those # Interviewer : #2 good old days # 255: those were the good old days Interviewer : right {NW} Uh did you ever slam the door {NS} yo if somebody If somebody asks Was that you I saw in the town yesterday? You might say no it 255: It was my brother Interviewer : Or if it was wrong and you say no it 255: Let's see Interviewer : If you said I definitely saw you in town yesterday and you wanted 255: You are mistaken Interviewer : mm-hmm And then if you uh or you might say No it uh blank me 255: And it wasn't me And that wasn't me {NW} Interviewer : OK {NW} {NW} If a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color She takes along a little square of cloth to use as a 255: Sample {NW} Interviewer : If she sees a dress that she likes very much and is very becoming she says that's a very blank dress. 255: Neat Interviewer : mm-hmm Or she might also use other words {X} If it's very colorful and she thinks wow it 255: That's a very Nice dress Interviewer : mm-hmm and if it 255: It would look good on me Interviewer : Or if it's dainty she might say 255: {X} That would look good on me I've heard people say that a lot {NW} Interviewer : Or like sometimes they would say to a man uh that that that that certain gentleman uh that that the girl and the man are just perfectly matched because he's handsome and she's 255: Beautiful? Interviewer : mm-hmm Or if you might say uh Let's see Getting to know any other words for beautiful? It's sort of a dainty word 255: Attractive Interviewer : mm-hmm It's something with which we use sort of more particular to a women and then not that much a man sort of feminine 255: It's very {X} Interviewer : And then if there was another girl who even looks better than that girl then you might say that she is 255: Unusually attractive Interviewer : mm-hmm But even intensified as as being more pretty she is 255: She is more beautiful or she is uh she's really handsome Interviewer : But uh that is sort of a 255: handsome is a man's word Interviewer : right and then what you would call a woman is a what 255: Beauty? Interviewer : mm-hmm But if she's even more beautiful she is what would you call her she's 255: I'm lost for words for that Interviewer : Mm-kay What might What might you wear over the dress over your dress in a kitchen or like you know your wife she's 255: An apron? Interviewer : right what was that? 255: Apron {NW} Interviewer : You sign your name in ink you would use a 255: Pen Interviewer : mm-hmm. To hold up a baby's diaper you would plate uh. In place you would use a 255: Pin Interviewer : mm-hmm 255: {X} Interviewer : Soup you usually buy comes in a 255: What? Say that again. Interviewer : Soup you usually buy 255: Soup? Interviewer : Yea. 255: #1 oh. It a can # Interviewer : #2 Soup you know in a can of soup # {X} 255: Uh you mean when you buy it? Interviewer : mm-hmm yea {X} 255: In a can you buy soup in a can Interviewer : And uh a dimes worth is 255: Ten cents? Interviewer : Uh {NW} What do you usually drink from the uh from the pump or well? 255: Water. Interviewer : mm-hmm What is the device you use to drink it with? 255: Cup Interviewer : And what's that cup usually made out of? 255: Tin, tin cup Interviewer : What do you uh put on when you go out in the winter time? 255: Coat. Overcoat. Interviewer : Mm-hmm uh that Then you would say uh let's say um I'm like Uh Say I point to a jacket and I say that jacket has fancy what on it uh it has what {X} that jacket has fancy buttons. Like I might say point to your your nice suit and say Your suit has fancy uh buttons {NW} 255: I don't know. {NW} Fancy buttons and bows is that what you're trying to say? Interviewer : Or if it's placed Like if I if I put this pencil on here what am , what am I doing? 255: you You're putting it on your shoe or your? Interviewer : Mm-hmm 255: Putting, putting on your coat is that what you're trying to say? Interviewer : Yea and then so I would say the jacket has fancy buttons where, where they're placed. 255: On the sleeve {X} On the coat? {NW} Interviewer : Sometimes between your coat and your shirt you wear a? 255: Vest. Interviewer : A suit consists of a coat, vest and? 255: Trousers or pants? Interviewer : And what would you call if you're wearing uh what do you call yea that, the stuff that um What do you wear when you're working around the barn or shop and you got these old things that are made out of Levis you know? 255: Overalls? Interviewer : If you're going outdoors in the winter without your coats someone runs up after you and brings it to you and he said and he would say Here I, I 255: Here's your own coat, here's your coat Interviewer : Mm-hmm but he'd say here, you know runs up to you and he, he's got your coat and he's like I've got your coat no coming and then you turn around and you say okay and you turn around and when he reaches you he says here I. He's already completed the task and he 255: I put it on? Interviewer : No he's, he's up to and he say, he hands you the coat and he says here I 255: Here I brought your coat Interviewer : Good {NW} the coat 255: Here's your coat Interviewer : Right The coat wouldn't fit {X} Suppose you had come from work and your wife said uh said about packing uh said about a package lying there the delivery boy from Jones store just you said that 255: Brought this so delivered it. Interviewer : If it were the wrong uh yea if it were the wrong package Jones might call and say please blank it back 255: Take it back Interviewer : Or You've been using the word, form of brought Please 255: Please carry it back Interviewer : Yea but it's a form of the word brought that you just said. Please blank it back. 255: Take it back? No? Interviewer : No, it's a form of the word brought. 255: I don't know. Is returned? Interviewer : Yea but it's a form of the word brought? Okay. It's, it's uh, the present tense of the word brought 255: Bring? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} This coat wouldn't fit this year but last year it blank perfectly. 255: It fit perfectly. {x} Interviewer : If your old clothes wore out, if your old clothes wore out you would have to bring a or you would have to buy a what? 255: New suit? Interviewer : {NW} If you stuff a lot of things into the pockets it makes them? 255: Bulky? Interviewer : The call um. Let's say. Uh if I was washing and and I was washing in scalding hot water uh what would and I had a collar what would it do you know? 255: It's welt? Interviewer : Yeah. And uh, let's say if I bought a new cotton shirt and I 255: Shrink? Interviewer : Right. And say if the shirt isn't sanforized I hope it wouldn't what? Oh you already said that right. 255: Oh it would shrink. Interviewer : Right. The one {NW} The one I wash yesterday 255: Shrunk. Interviewer : Lately it seemed that every one I have washed has 255: Shrunk? Interviewer : Okay. {NW} When a girl goes to a party to get ready you say she likes to what? 255: When she goes to a party or gets ready to go to a party? Interviewer : Uh when a girl goes out to a party in getting ready 255: Oh in getting ready she what? Interviewer : She likes to what? 255: Prep? Interviewer : Yeah that's good, uh What would you call uh, what do you call the small letter container with a clasp in it that women would carry money in 255: Purse. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. You ever hear it refer to as a pocket book? 255: Oh yea as pocket book. Then their pocket book or purse. Pocket book particularly I guess any common use Interviewer : What does a women wear around her wrist? 255: Oh she wears a watch or she wears a wristband or she wears a bracelet. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Suppose there are a lot of little things strung up together and you use to go around your neck as an ornament what would these be called? 255: Necklace. Interviewer : And uh if they're, they're at And if they were uh made out of let's say pearls or something like that or some ornamental thing 255: The pearl necklace Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What do what do men wear uh to hold up there trousers? 255: Suspenders or belt? or belt? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What do you hold over you when it rains? 255: Umbrella. Interviewer : What is the last thing you put on in bed? You, like the fancy top cover. 255: Quilt? Interviewer : Mm-hmm and sometimes uh 255: Bed spread? Interviewer : Right. {NW} At the head of the bed you would put your head on a what? 255: Pillow. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you remember uh using anything at the head of the bed that was about as twice as long as a pillow? 255: No. Interviewer : Okay let's say uh you ever hear of the term used bolster? 255: Yes I have and uh bolster would be on a uh {X} Interviewer : Let's say uh if the bolster didn't go part way across the {D: davenport} it went? 255: Halfway? Interviewer : Or if it went, if it covered the whole {D: davenport} it went, where, it went? 255: Completely, uh, over, I don't know. Interviewer : Okay, uh 255: {X} Interviewer : What do you put on a bed? Let's see we already went over that. What do you call a makeshift sleeping place on the floor that children would especially like to sleep on? 255: They sleep on the floor with let's say is uh I don't know what Pad? Interviewer : Um. Okay let's say we expect a uh big yield from the field because the soil is very 255: Fertile. Interviewer : The flat land, the flat low land on the stream overflowing in the spring and plowed later You know what that'd be called? 255: Little fertile land or uh Interviewer : Okay uh the low lying grass land what would you call that a low lying grassland? 255: Well in some areas it's called a meadow but uh we don't use that term down here {X} Meadow. Interviewer : What about a field that might be good for nothing other than raising grass {X} for hay? {NW} 255: Sound like dairy, dairy products, dairy land for cattle or what Sound good for rural crops or {X} Grain drops. Interviewer : Yeah. Suppose this uh this was some land that went that had Say suppose this was some land that had uh water standing in it for a good part of time what would you call it? 255: Swamp land? Interviewer : Would it be uh, would it be big or small? 255: Uh it would be a pond if it's small. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if it was big it would be? 255: Swamp. Interviewer : Okay the place where salt uh where salt hay grows along the sea. 255: Where what grows on the sea? Interviewer : Salt hay grows along the sea. 255: Salt hay. Interviewer : Yea we have um. 255: We don't have salt hay down here. Interviewer : Oh you don't. 255: We have sea oats and other grasses but not salt hay. Marsh grass we have those. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and what would you call that place there? 255: Marsh lands for the marsh grass grows. Interviewer : Yeah and you right you just have some north it here you know there's {D: sut.} Uh what are the different kinds of soil uh do you have in the field? 255: It varies of course depends upon what the, what the scientific check would be. You check it to find out. But it would be uh Uh. Mucks soil or it would be uh, sandy soil. It would be uh. A number of categories but that's two of them I know. Interviewer : Okay let's say suppose it had part sand and part clay in it. What would you call that? 255: That's uh. Interviewer : Would it be called uh just muck soil? 255: It could be called muck soil, muck lands, muck lands. If it had a lot of muck in it,a lot of clay in it. Interviewer : Uh let's say if they're getting water off the marshes, you would say they are? 255: If they're getting water off the marshes? Interviewer : Yea well let's say if uh if the territory around here a little bit higher you know and we, we could uh take the water off the marshes by uh making ditches and stuff like that and digging 255: and drainage Interviewer : Mm-hmm and so what, what would they 255: But you wouldn't really use the salt marshes here you would want to {x} onto your farm land Interviewer : Right okay let's say if you wanted to go at inland here and you wanted to well let's say if you had a pump and you put it in there and you, you, you're {x} 255: You want to irrigate? Interviewer : No you're taking the water out in order to make some nice land what would you be doing then? 255: Oh, draining it. Interviewer : What would you call the thing that you uh {NS} Okay now let's say you could use a pump and you had higher land and uh You would be cutting something there, what would you call that thing that you would cut the ground? 255: You'd cultivate the land Interviewer : Or if if you dug a certain thing 255: Ditch? Irrigate? Canal? Interviewer : Uh. {NW} What would you call a shallow arm of the sea? uh. Let's see a shallow arm of the sea a tidal stream? 255: Estuary? Interviewer : Or a tidal stream. 255: Uh, well a tidal stream would be a river. Interviewer : And smaller than a river? 255: Brook? Interviewer : You ever heard of any other 255: Stream, called it a stream. Branch. {X} Interviewer : What about that narrow bit of water that flows in and out of the tide? What would you call that? 255: Narrow bit of water? Interviewer : Yeah. 255: Come in a canal but I don't know what else it'd be. Interviewer : {NW} A narrow valley cut by a stream of water in the woods or in a field about ten feet deep and ten feet across. 255: Are you sure just repeat that uh Interviewer : Okay but uh a narrow valley cut by a stream of water in the woods or a field about ten feet across and ten feet deep {X} 255: You're not speaking of erosion. Interviewer : Mm. It happens in erosion. 255: Yea well that the uh Bate? No? Interviewer : Let's say uh 255: Estuary? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Or uh like you know if you're a 255: Hut. Interviewer : Yea if you're up on let's say if it was up on a hill And it was raining very hard and this narrow valley was formed and all this water is flowing down it's ten feet across and ten feet deep and it's flowing down. What is that that kind again what's that making? {NS} 255: It's making a d- uh well it's a it's a ditch it has to be a ditch to carry water but it's eroding it eroding it And it's uh it's uh not a real healthy thing it's something devastating {NW} It's not good {{NW} Interviewer : If there has been a a heavy rain fall and the rain is cut out a can- a canal 255: Canon? Canal? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 255: Better. {X} Interviewer : And if it's across a road or a field you would call the place a what? {NS} Canal, crossroad. 255: Not a rivulet Interviewer : No. 255: You mean the result after a thing is over what {X} What would you refer to the Interviewer : #1 Yeah. Right. # 255: #2 result of the # Interviewer : Yeah. What did what would leave there a {D: lil} 255: Well it would read uh uh the erosion what it would be it would be uh Uh I don't know how to express what it would be Interviewer : What about uh uh gully? 255: Oh my goodness yeah exactly that's exactly what it would be a gully that's good I couldn't think of that that's a real gully sir Interviewer : What do you call uh a small stream of water? You just mentioned one 255: Ranch? Interviewer : Mm-hmm And uh is there anything similar to that? 255: A branch, a stream uh plus a river Interviewer : What about something between a river and a stream? 255: A branch, a river, a stream. Creek. Interviewer : What about a did you mention a word in here a while ago a rivulet? 255: Yes I said rivulet. Interviewer : Mm-hmm just wanted to make sure {NW} 255: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer : Oh do you happen to know of any uh names for the stream in the in the uh neighborhood around here? 255: Yes Moccasin branch is the name of uh a creek that goes to Saint John's river it's also the name of a place where I went to school, where I was baptized, it was a Catholic church and we went to eat Sunday the time I lived at {X} We went from and I went to school there every morning uh on my blue wagon me and my, we had it was eight was in our family and uh five of us would be in that wagon going to school in daylight Going from Hasenton to Muscton branch to the Catholic school there and when we would get home at night it would be dark. and there are nine the name of the Muscton branches and the uh the Trup river is another deep uh deep creek that another branch of the Saint John's river and Coast North river, the Tanzes river Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 255: If I can f- {NS} Interviewer : Okay on a side one we just finished off with talking uh well in the middle of talking about the neighborhood streams around here and uh Let's see Okay you were talking about the Matanzas river what's 255: Matanzas river is the name of the river that's from Saint Augustine down to marine land to the south and it was names that because like uh technically the river of blood is where these Spanish uh killed the Rebold and his French settles who {X} Matanzas when Menendez found {X} September the eighth the French tried to stop them and uh they uh were roded by the Spanish at Mayport near Jacksonville they left there and they went down to uh to the end of the island yeah this is a island and nineteen miles long and Menendez found him down there and uh murdered all of them, murdered Rebold, murdered at the French. Interviewer : Amazing 255: And uh he was a they they they called him a {D: tangice} the place where they murdered them was called Matanzas and the river that leads from here to there is called Matanzas river M-A-T-A-N-Z-A-S Interviewer : Okay uh what would you call a sm- uh what would you call a very small rise in land? 255: Knoll Interviewer : Mm-hmm Is there anything uh smaller than that? 255: uh {X} A hill of course but that knoll is a small hill and you might say Interviewer : Right what about anything a little bit larger than a knoll 255: Uh well uh Or a hill certainly larger than a knoll {X} a hilly area like you would be able to Yea Tallahassee which is quite hilly hills hills fifty feet higher and higher Interviewer : Mm-hmm what would you call uh the thing on that door over there? 255: The knob? Glass knob Interviewer : Okay what do you call a very large what is something that is a lot larger than a hill? Sort of resembles a hill but it is great 255: You don't mean a mountain oh yea a mountain sure. We don't have mountains in Florida {NS} Interviewer : We sure don't I'll tell you that. Uh the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharply. 255: Cliff. Interviewer : And up in the mountains where the road goes across the low place you would uh you would call it a what? 255: valley. Interviewer : They also have a uh Thing they called the Cumberland uh north 255: Cumberland gap. Interviewer : You ever heard that word uses very much? 255: Oh Cumberland gap yes I went through Cumberland gap many times. Interviewer : #1 You ever hear that # 255: #2 I reached from # Washington over to Allen, Pennsylvania through the Cumberland gap Interviewer : And what do you also call a place like that? 255: Like what? Interviewer : You you know the gap, yeah 255: Uh Cumberland that's a very large area um Interviewer : A place like 255: Valley uh Low lands Interviewer : Okay now around here I see there's are a lot of places that you have around here uh in the water Or a place where a boat would comes up what would you call that or a boat? 255: Slip Interviewer : Or uh the whole area or a whole bunch of slips are put together 255: {X} A shoreline Interviewer : But uh a whole bunch of slips make up what? {NS} 255: Port? Interviewer : Beg your pardon? 255: Port. Interviewer : Right and uh if there is within a port there is something smaller than a port but larger than one slip 255: We call uh well some areas call like the shrimp docks we call that's uh shrimp slang around Sebastian river that's the number of number of walks and places where shrimp boats tie up. Docks Interviewer : what would you call a place where a large amount of water falls over a long distance? 255: Waterfall. Interviewer : Let's see uh a kind of white, hard paved road like a uh like on the like on the sidewalks around here what are they made out of? 255: Uh concrete. Interviewer : And uh what would you called like the roads around here 255: Well there made of uh a few of them are made of concrete uh there made of uh uh black uh black top or uh I can't think of the name the stuff the {X} uh I'll think of it in a minute. Black top is descriptive of what it is but it's made up of tar on other things. Interviewer : What would you call a little road that goes off the main road? 255: Could be a trail be a country road {NS} Interviewer : Right uh. And like you know some places around here where you go off like I see a lot of the farmers around here I think also in the middle of the state they have um like you'll be driving along a highway and there's there's these little dirt roads that go right off the side there you know 255: There's dirt roads up there {NS} {X} Interviewer : Okay uh you ever of a called neighborhood road? 255: That's not a common expression here no. Interviewer : Uh gravel road? 255: Gravel road if it's gravel yea. Interviewer : Parish road? 255: What kind? Interviewer : Parish road. 255: Parish? Interviewer : Yes. 255: No that's you get that in Louisiana {X} We have county roads here and in Louisiana the counties are called parishes. Interviewer : What about a lane? 255: A lane yes a lane would be more like in a in a city. Uh you tell a back lane back of a back of houses. Interviewer : Or a by path. 255: By path {NS} Like through a country meadow might be a by path I don't know short road of to somewhere Interviewer : Uh suppose to came to a man's farm down the public road and camed a little turn off down to the man's house what would you call that that's specific little turn? 255: That would be a typical lane take the lane turn off the lane. Interviewer : Mm-hmm what the track where you drive your cattle down when you carry them to the pasture? 255: I did technical name I don't know. Interviewer : What about a uh cow pass? 255: {X} Interviewer : You ever you you ever heard of that being used very much around here? 255: Well {X} No. Cow Pass. Thats like a pass means {X} You take them to the carry them to the field. It wouldn't be expressive calling, honored by calling it a cow pass. Interviewer : What are are if it was uh big plantation with a long tree line pathway leading up to the entrance what would you call that road? 255: I've seen some of those very attractive places in Louisiana um there is one particularly I can think of now Long lane with serve uh nice tress on each side up to the main house I think they were called heritage houses I recall uh I can't think of the appropriate name of that uh other than take the lane up the there's a name for it but I wouldn't know. Interviewer : I I saw that you had something right outside of your house here, what do you call that? 255: Alley. Interviewer : Yea and 255: There's an alley back of my house here. Interviewer : Right and where you drive your care up there what do you call that? 255: Uh well that's that's in the alley {NW} That in the alley {X} Interviewer : Uh sometime along the side of the street uh there is something along the side of the street where people walk on you have 255: Sidewalk. Interviewer : Uh {NS} You know of any other terms for that? Sidewalk? 255: No Interviewer : Okay 255: Sideway that's what I've always called it. Interviewer : Uh you're walking along the road and a jog dog jumps out at you And he scares you what you do uh what do you pick what do you pick and throw? What would you pick and throw like if you know if you taking something and that dog was coming at you and you pickup a 255: Picks up a stick? Interviewer : Mm-hmm 255: If ones handy Interviewer : Or if there is something thats more solid than that 255: Well uh A rock would not be as handy as a stick if a dog's coming at you Interviewer : #1 Right # 255: #2 to you on a # Stick. Interviewer : And so if if you took that and you're you're you're doing an action with that what would you do with that with that? With that stick. 255: Course you would throw it at him or Interviewer : Uh if If a say if you um Go to someone's house and he isn't there and they say no he is not 255: Home? Interviewer : Okay. And let's say if you go to uh If you go to visit a I would say if someone came to visit your wife and you met the person in the yard you might say she's {X} Or she's blank in the house blank uh she's Uh 255: In the yard? Interviewer : Okay alright if someone came to visit your wife and you met the person in the yard you would you might say she's blank the house 255: She's in the house? Interviewer : Uh-huh 255: If she was in the house if she was not in the yard she was in the house Interviewer : Uh-huh and Okay right {X} Okay uh talking about putting milk in coffee some people have it Some people like it uh blank milk and other like it uh blank milk like you know some people like like how are the different ways that people like their coffee? 255: Now well my wife takes uh milk in hers and I don't take anything in mine I take it black. Interviewer : Mm-hmm so you would you would have uh your wife would like it 255: Have cream cream in her coffee or milk in her coffee or Interviewer : Okay lets say fill in the blank in here your wife would like it blank milk and you would like it blank milk 255: {X} mine black and she wants hers with milk {X} Interviewer : Like she wants hers uh 255: With cream or milk Interviewer : And you like yours 255: Black. Interviewer : Right or 255: Less expression Interviewer : If I were to say you like yours like milk 255: Without milk Uh If someone is not going away from you he is coming straight blank you Head on? Interviewer : Or if somebody someone is going not going away and he's coming straight blank you also 255: Straight toward me? Interviewer : Right. Uh if someone's uh If you saw someone you have not been uh seen for quite awhile you might say this morning I 255: I saw oh I saw John. Interviewer : Uh right or if you met someone in town instead of saying I met him you might say I 255: Saw him. Interviewer : Or instead of saying you saw him you You I 255: Ran into him. Interviewer : Right {NW} 255: I ran into John this morning when I left town Interviewer : Mm-hmm 255: That's a common expression. Interviewer : Right.If a child is given the same Uh if a child is given the same name that her mother has you say that the child name that the named the child blank her mother. 255: That's a name sake Interviewer : Uh-huh or they name the child blank her mother 255: After her mother Interviewer : Mm-hmm What kind of animal barks? 255: Dog. Interviewer : If you wanted your dog to attack another dog or person what would you say ? 255: Sick him. {NW} Interviewer : That's uh that's a code {NW} I've heard that that's um 255: #1 You've heard that before # Interviewer : #2 I haven't heard that # in a while but I've heard it That's true. 255: That's exactly what you say say Interviewer : Okay if you have a mixed breed dog uh what would you call you would call him a what? 255: Mongrel? Interviewer : If the dog likes to bite you say the boy was blank the dog. It was 255: It was afraid of the dog Interviewer : Right and if the dog likes to bite you would say the boy was blank by the dog. 255: Bitten by the dog. Interviewer : And then that dog would blank anyone 255: That dog would bite anyone. Interviewer : Yesterday he blank the mailman 255: He bit the mailman. Interviewer : The mailman had to go to the doctor and after after he got uh um the mailman had to go uh the mailman had to go to the doctor after he got 255: After he was bitten by the dog Interviewer : Right In a heard of cattle uh what would you call the male? 255: Bull? Interviewer : What would you call uh him when there are women around? Like you know something 255: Call a bull when the the {X} were around or the cows Interviewer : Right and uh is there Is there any special word that women would call them? 255: That women would call cows? Interviewer : Yea would call cows. 255: Uh Interviewer : like you know is there is {X} I don't know I think bull is is appropriate but uh are there any is there any special term? 255: Of course there's a steer which is not a bull. A steer is a bull has been cut altered and uh cows are heifers Interviewer : Uh what are what are uh the different words thats wording for cut? 255: Uh castrate. Interviewer : Are there are there any supposedly polite or 255: Uh {X} Interviewer : for that 255: Let's see there's uh altered yea a bull has been altered Those have been altered. Interviewer : Um and the kind that you would keep for milk what would you call those? 255: Those are milk cows. Interviewer : Uh Now uh talking about a different type of thing uh that's still an animal the ones that you would drive carts with if you had four then there would uh driving 255: Oxen Interviewer : Right Or if you had uh a team of the four oxen {X} 255: Team of oxen yea you would have a team of oxen. Interviewer : Uh you ever heard of any other words for that? 255: Uh Yea it was a lot of common certain I didn't know I never had much experience with oxen they had we had uh oh no we didn't but one of our neighbor farmers had oxen Interviewer : Mm-hmm they ever call if a spare? 255: A what? Interviewer : A span. 255: A span well yea I guess it was a span but horses I know they call Interviewer : Um What would you call a little cow when he was first born? 255: Calf. Interviewer : And a female uh is called a what? A female calf 255: Well a cow is a female animal. A bull is not a cow. Interviewer : Right okay so what would you call what would you call 255: Heifer? Is a is a young calf Interviewer : Is there any distinction between a young calf that was a female is there any name that you call a young calf that is 255: A bull calf and a and a and a {x} I don't know I really don't know. I know you would call them a bull calf if they were a male. Then so it must just be calf Or or a female Interviewer : What would you call a male horse? 255: Stallion. Interviewer : Uh and riding animals are called? 255: Riding horses. Interviewer : And you would call a female one is called a 255: Mayor. Interviewer : Uh but a but But male or female Uh what's a plural of of a horse? 255: Horses. Interviewer : If you didn't know how uh If you didn't know how to ride you would say I have never blanked a horse. 255: I have never ridden a horse. Interviewer : And everyone around here likes to What? 255: Ride ride Interviewer : Last year he blank his every morning 255: Last year he rode his horse every morning Interviewer : Mm-hmm. If you couldn't stay on you'd say I blank the horse 255: I fell of the horse which I have done. I pulled the hor- I pulled the horse over on me. And I was little I was about seven years old riding and the horse ran ran up and and instead of leaning forward I just pulled back and the horse came right over and fortunately I wasn't hurt. {NW} Interviewer : Wow that's amazing I'm glad sometimes that can that can seriously 255: Oh yeah I fell off the horse fell and missed me. Interviewer : And uh you'd say To some uh to a little child uh Let's see you would say a little child went to sleep in bed and found himself on the floor in the morning he said I I must have {NW} 255: Fallen out of bed. Interviewer : Right. {NW} Uh Things that you would put on a on a horse's feet to protect them from the road 255: Shoes. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What would you call that Let's see Oh yea uh what are there any other names you would call it the shoes? 255: Horseshoe. Interviewer : Mm-hmm Uh The pair of horse's feet that you would put uh the shoes on onto let's see the the pair of the um the pair of the horses feet that you put the shoes onto would be called what? Uh the horse's feet. 255: Huffs. Interviewer : Right and the singular of that is? 255: Huff. Interviewer : Right. The game you would play uh lets see with these things that you that you put on the uh on the horse's feet 255: The horseshoes. Interviewer : Mm-hmm and uh Let's see what would you call the male the male sheep 255: Male sheep Interviewer : Yeah. 255: Ram I guess. Interviewer : Mm-hmm And what would you call a female sheep? 255: Uh Uh we never had a sheep down here they grew some sheep out in Bakersfield that was the only area that kind of had sheep. Goats and sheep. Let's see uh I I just don't know I forgot. I would recognize it I guess. If I heard it. Interviewer : You ever hear it called a ewe? 255: Ewe exactly yes. {X} That's what they call it. Interviewer : What would you have on their backs would they have on there? 255: Wool? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What would you call a male hog? 255: Boar. Interviewer : #1 What would you call # 255: #2 {X} # Interviewer : I beg your pardon? 255: A male hog has been altered as an shoat. Interviewer : Huh is that what they, is there any other names you happen to know? 255: S-H-O-A-T is a shoat. Interviewer : Interesting. {NW} What would you call the one that was is um what is uh What do you call the uh uh 255: Sal Interviewer : What would you call one when it was first born? 255: Oh. Huffs you call them {X} but there's uh There's probably not a name for it. Interviewer : Yea the little one when it's first born what would you call it? 255: I don't know but I'll never forget. I was chairman of uh bond drive during the war And it wrap it off various things people would buy bond and we bought some bonds and we won a a little pig and we brought him home and it was in February he was freezing to death he had been out in the weather and we've had him in the oven we'd give him milk and he died the next morning but he was just just a little thing {NW} that's what you're talking about but I don't want you to call it except a little pig Interviewer : I think I may have heard it referred to uh are you familiar with the term piglet? 255: Piglet? Yes I've heard piglet that's you get that on television And I've heard stories. Interviewer : Oh so that's a that's a new term sort of isn't it? 255: I would think so but I wouldn't I would rather call them pigs. Little pigs, baby pigs, not piglets. Interviewer : What do you call it when it's a little big older than that? 255: I don't know let's see Of course a shoat is a small pig and that's a shoat yea I think it's a shoat is a a half grown hog and I don't think that I don't think one has been altered. It's called a shoat uh I think I was mistaken there. There's another name for one {X} Just like an altered bull is a steer Interviewer : Mm-hmm did you ever hear the uh the word for the one that's altered have you ever heard it called a stag? 255: No I {X} Interviewer : What about a rig? 255: No. Interviewer : Uh uh barrel hog? 255: Barrel? Yes. That's uh that's barrel you're right. Barrel. Interviewer : Um. Okay so when a hog is full grown what do you call them? When they are full grown what do you call them? 255: Porky? A pork? Porky? But it's a they call it hog what's you call them {NW} Interviewer : Uh {NW} How big how big must a pig get to be called shoat do you think? 255: I would say a pig eh if it was twenty-five pounds, thirty pounds it would be a shoat. Interviewer : What what is an unbred female called? 255: Uh Uh I can't think of that technical name either now Interviewer : These uh big t uh let's see Yea uh the big teeth that uh 255: Tusks tusks Interviewer : What about the things that a elephant have would they be called the same thing? 255: A what? Interviewer : An elephant. 255: A elephant has uh ivory tusks. Interviewer : Right. Okay now the thing that you would put the food in for a hog uh would be called a what? {NS} You know talking about the soil soil bucket and the slob 255: It's uh Uh we we we used to have it made of wood it slept down here Uh I can't think of the name for it now I recognize it if I heard it but I can't think of it Interviewer : Uh {D: trock} 255: {D: Trock} Interviewer : What's uh 255: {X} Interviewer : What's a plural of that? 255: Troughs {X} Interviewer : Do you uh ever have any names for a hog that's uh grown up in the wild? 255: Uh Well they have uh a wild hogs they have them now and they yes they call them uh I forgot my {X} I've never hunted them by I have, my my relatives have I know Caught them in the swamps Interviewer : Do you ever call them a piney woods rooter? 255: Nope that's not what Interviewer : Piney in piney woods rooter I mean 255: Piney woods rooter could be called here but that's They just call it wild hogs here Interviewer : What about mountain rooter? 255: No that's not a common name around here. Interviewer : Uh the one that's made by a calf when it was being weened you would say the calf began to 255: Bellow Interviewer : A general low noise made by a cow during feeding time 255: Moo Interviewer : A general noise that a horse makes the horse began to 255: {D: Wimmer wimmer wimmer} Wouldn't he {D: wimmer} I guess {D: wimmer} Interviewer : You have uh let's say you've got some horses, mules, cows, so forth Uh now when they are getting hungry you would you would have to go out and 255: Uh There's a common phrase for that {X} Stock of call them stock Feed the stock is the name for it {X} Interviewer : Um let's see um You've got some horses, mules, let's see right we've already said that {NW} If you're going to uh feed the hens, turkeys, geese, and so forth do you have any other name for all of them? Uh yeah {NW} For all of them for all for 255: Course you're feeding the chickens but if you've got turkeys and geese and things of that Uh uh I've never had the opportunity to feed those cuz I've never had those flock like that but you'd feed the feed the chickens Interviewer : Let's say yeah right and what would you call all of them together? You know all those that you'd 255: You'd call them a flock Interviewer : Right or you would call of all different types of birds what would you call all of them? 255: Cubby? Interviewer : Right.Or a general terminology covering all birds? 255: Uh Interviewer : You ever heard the expression fish and 255: No Interviewer : No you haven't 255: No Interviewer : Okay well let's say that 255: Uh fowl? Interviewer : Right {NW} 255: Oh yeah you call it fowl sure You if you have {X} Be a proper name for a mixed Uh what you said but the chance I say I'm going to feed the chickens {NW} Interviewer : How about the hand setting on a {X} is called a? 255: setting Interviewer: {NW} Let's see we stopped off last time we were speaking which was just a few hours ago we stopped off on page thirty-six, question number seven thirty-six point seven uh this is side uh one of the third reel and uh let's see uh I was speaking we were oh we were talking about uh foul, mr Palasear 255: oh yeah fowl. I couldn't think of the word fowl for a flock of chickens or beef or turkeys Interviewer: Mm-hmm. yeah um and then, oh I was wondering a hand on a nest of eggs is called a what 255: a hand on a nest of eggs a setting hand Interviewer: right 255: {NW} Interviewer: what was that again? 255: setting hand, just setting Interviewer: the place uh where these hands live uh like it's a little 255: coop? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. a little rude shelter built out in the open where little chicks run in and out of the rain {NW} and out in 255: hatchery and a a coop Interviewer: have you ever heard of any other terms for that? 255: no, we have- we've raised little chickens we've have uh put the eggs in the incubator and and hatch them out Interviewer: oh one thing uh I had failed to go back and ask you a couple of questions here earlier be a little be more explicit on some of these uh, let's see uh oh yes i was wondering, what do you call uh the point uh, let's see what do you call if you uh have a house and an elk 255: peak? {X} point, what do you mean a Interviewer: and uh, what do you call the place where the two come together? A house and an elk you know? come together sort of like that 255: valley? Interviewer: okay, mm-hmm, good and then uh we were, one time also skipping back I forgot to mention this we were talking about porches and piazzas 255: yeah Interviewer: um, I was wondering do you happen to know if you can have a porch on more than one floor inside of an house 255: yes, I'm sure an upstairs porch and downstairs porch. I've lived in a house that has an upstairs porch and downstairs porch {NS} Interviewer: and what would you call the one, okay you mentioned that um, what about uh porches on the back of the house 255: a back porch that's what you call them, back porch some people call it a stoop Interviewer: Mm-hmm, what about uh uh does it make any difference if they have a roof or not? Is there any different terms for those? 255: uh open roof, open open porch or uh {X} I don't know what uh technical difference would be but it uh uh let's see back porch would say back porch would be more likely to be uncovered than a front porch in my judgment I don't know of any particular name you would call it {X} uh open porch. Might be open porch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what about um. I was wondering uh we were talking about the different types of things about the beginning about fireplaces and stoves did you happen to recall that way back uh around, I think the Minorcan times they used to have a thing they used to put on the floor and they would put hot coals in it 255: oh yes, that's uh around the that's what they heated houses with and they have uh some several of the old houses have them here now and it's uh, you put coals in it and I'll think of the name, i can't think of it right now but it's quite commonplace Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: and uh {X} and the oldest houses, the historical side they have one they have one at the Peck house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: that's another house and the uh Not like like well they have bed-warmers in those days too where you put some coals and some of them you put in bed with you uh, recover sort of protect you from the heat coming from the fire uh but uh brazier, brazier that's what the heating name for brazier i think B-R-A-Z-I-E-R something like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and uh do you happen to know what they're made out of 255: yes, they're made out of uh iron or or something that can withstand heat of course they're made out of most anything if they be {X} not too high off the floor little legs Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 oh # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: okay uh, also now getting back to the things with fowl and all those were just a few incidental things that we had talked about um which is uh pertinent to the study 255: {NW} Interviewer: um, now talking about chickens and all uh when you eat one of these things, you know, chicken 255: yeah Interviewer: what is the part of the chicken uh that children like to have so they can pull it apart to see 255: wishbone wishbone Interviewer: you ever hear of any other names for it? 255: no, I never I mean there are names but people {X} call them wishbone Interviewer: what do you call the inside parts of the chicken uh that you eat like the liver, the heart, and the gizzard 255: uh well of course you call a Interviewer: you would call a chicken what 255: uh chicken uh i don't know, I- I've heard people describe but I can't think of the word they would use Interviewer: you ever hear uh, what about the insides of a pig or calf that you would eat 255: uh, chitlins they call that. I mean they the- that would be in {X} kind cattle cow, cow Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh, the part that you sometimes eat and sometimes stuff sausage in what would you call that 255: sausage? Interviewer: yeah 255: i mean you already mean stuffed Interviewer: uh, like if you 255: entrails, or or entrails yeah, pig uh pig entrails and the would uh that's, casing we call them. Casing and we we butchered the hogs and they ground up the meat and made sausage I've helped them many a times when I was young and sometimes we would use the the entrails of the hog, clean them good, and then put the sausage meat right in that you see or or the types you buy uh the uh skinned or the the be I don't- what would call them, I've forgotten but you buy those. I remember they used to come in a little case be ready to use Interviewer: uh the part that you 255: let there be uh another animal {X} Interviewer: I was wondering the part that you s-uh-let's see oh yeah, if it's time to feed the stock and do chores, you would say it is 255: feeding time or there's another word they would use uh uh of course you'd slot the hogs #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 255: would you, you uh uh you'd feed the feed the animals, feed the stock I don't know of any particular name you'd call that Interviewer: did you ever call it chore-time 255: yeah, chores, you'd do some chores but that, chores that covers all sorts of things with raking the yard uh cleaning the barn uh, doing any chore Interviewer: you ever hear of it called fodder time 255: fodder? uh, no but that that's a good name for it fodder time we we stripped fodder um uh from corn course they would put it in bunches and let it dry and we'd keep it keep fodder, feed it to uh the animals Interviewer: did you happen to know of any uh calls that you would uh have uh happen to remember when you lived out in the farm or anytime that you would call the the cows in from the pasture 255: uh well uh the pigs there would be sooie you'd say for pigs uh, uh or just any sort of a call would call a hog, any noise cattle, uh is hardly susceptible to action call except cattle always came to the barn feeding time and docked, you you'd always have the cattle at the gate ready to get in to be feeding uh hogs uh not as hoggish as cattle Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 {NW} # but uh sooie would be uh you'd chase hogs or call hogs or or just like a hog calling contest is just a big ruckus noise of course Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: and to get them in. let them know you want them Interviewer: {NW} 255: what you do regularly is what they'll answer i feel i feel uh that's what uh that's what attracts them is when you do the same thing every time you want to feed them you do this particular yell, call, or bang on uh on a tub. anything uh, so they know that that's feeding time and they come Interviewer: what about the calls to the cows specifically you happen to remember any of those? 255: uh, what uh, sooie you'd call I- I've myself said sooie to cows the uh the uh there's no particular call but except making a noise and yelling Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what would you say, you happen to know any names that they would uh stay uh, that that that they would uh, say to them to make them stand still during uh milking 255: uh {NW} Interviewer: no? 255: {X} I've uh, when I was a very little fellow, six or seven years old uh, I'd be milking and boy that cow it just jumped the milk out, move around I'd lose all the milk and I'd catch a dickens for it Interviewer: {NW} 255: and uh one thing that i remember so vividly is we used to feed uh uh cattle uh when we're milking cows brand, and put some uh sometimes syrup with it, little bit of syrup or syrup or something give it a sweet taste and I had the bucket fixed, was walking to the cow and we'd always try to put her head in a car like that put the bucket in the car and she would and and she well she uh got in the car, fell down, and the syrup and bran went all over me and that cow was licking me {NW} and uh, just licking me to death almost and uh, I had the darndest time getting up until the old colored man, Tom came around and here to her- he didn't laugh at my condition was I can remember he had #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: but I don't recall uh uh just uh {X} they have their own pet ways. I remember Tom he he talked to the cows out of his nostril all the time {X} he'd keep going and talking Interviewer: Mm. #1 {X} # 255: #2 and that uh # uh, I imagine imagine broke regularly did that I-I didn't. Of course they'd milk regularly. I just experimented. Interviewer: what about calls to calves do you know any? 255: I don't know of any particular calls to calves expect just making noise attract their attention but the the thing is the consistency of the call no matter what you did if it's feeding time uh they'd respond Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what do you say to mules or horses uh to make them go left or right? 255: here haw Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh do you happen to know of any uh calls that you would have to a horse? #1 like you did for the uh # 255: #2 when you're uh uh a horse # you answer to a whistle Interviewer: what about getting them in from a pasture 255: whistle didn't whistle a horse then easily if you do it regularly {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what do you say to a horse to urge him on, you know to get him 255: get up get up Interviewer: and if he is already moving when uh or you know like, what would say to him? 255: {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: uh, you talk to him depending on we had we had all all of our horses had names we'd call them by their names and we recognize their names quite a bit and uh they uh first you stick your heels and the ropes that pull the lines up and ready to go, they're not even going. {X} get up let's go boy Interviewer: hmm, amazing what about uh, what would you say to make them stop 255: woah Interviewer: and when backing up a buggy, where there any other different terms? 255: uh, i just about pull the reigns and then back back uh talk to them keep talking to them all the time, no matter what you'd say just Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 uh # 255: #2 you you've been saying something different than get up # {X} {NW} Interviewer: what do you call horses uh when you uh I mean what do you call hogs, oh you- oh we've already talked about that #1 uh, how do you call sheep in from the pasture, you happen to know that # 255: #2 never, never, we've never had sheep at all # I don't think we've had sheep in our area Interviewer: what about uh, you mentioned you were talking about chickens and things like that. What would you call uh the- what would you, what were the different calls for the chickens 255: chic-chic-chic-chic-chic-chic-chic- here chic- here chic Interviewer: hmm, that's interesting that's good uh what about if if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere you would say, I want to 255: #1 what # Interviewer: #2 saddle up # 255: or harness up Interviewer: uh, and when you're driving a horse, uh uh what do you hold in your hand 255: reigns Interviewer: suppose you're riding a horse. What do, uh what are you guiding with 255: {NW} I rode a horse quite a bit {X} I always have my left hand. I lean over just to the left you, but you pull the reigns what you're supposed to pull pull one the- more pressure on your left reign if you wanted to go left I will push on the right reign if I'm going to the right but it's rude to just take the lines and put them over here or put them over here, and the horse will go turn Interviewer: uh when do you uh put your feet in when you're riding horseback 255: stirrups Interviewer: if you have two horses and the horse on the uh, the horse on the right is called the what 255: the leader? now if you have a double-team Interviewer: that's if you have a double team huh 255: you have a double team and you put your- your-your horse, you know what your horse is uh uh you put on the right and you put the horse you depend upon more on the right than you would on the left as I recall we never had much double team, but we've had a couple teams Interviewer: interesting uh if something uh is not right near a at hand, you would say it's just a little blank over 255: uh, not right near what? Interviewer: like if it's not really right near you 255: yeah Interviewer: at hand, you would just say, it's just a over yonder would be one expression 255: #1 you could use # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 255: #1 just over yonder # Interviewer: #2 or a little # a little blank over, have you fill in the blank there 255: a little bit over, I'd say, a little bit over Interviewer: okay, if you had, if you had uh been traveling and have not finished your journey, you might say that you had a blank before dark, dark okay, I'll say that again if you've been traveling and have not finished your journey, you might say that you had a blank before dark 255: how of course you could say rest but you could say there's another word you could use uh i don't know stay, you would say you would stay the horses let's stay them a while uh, your riding horses never heavily ridden and then let's stop to stay the horses Interviewer: hmm, and then if you didn't want to stay and you just say, oh let's just keep on going because uh it's it's before dark and we won't get there, it's not just a a little ways it's a long ways or it's Mm-hmm. 255: a hell of a long ways some people might say Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a small place, you would say that you can find that just about 255: like a needle in a haystack Interviewer: or you just say I could just find that let's say like uh, if if I were to say you know I'm really interested in the different types of lawns around here and the different type of grass that grows on the lawns so I'm looking around here and where can I find lawns and you could say, you can find lawns just about 255: everywhere just about everywhere Interviewer: or uh in one particular place 255: over yonder, you could {X} uh Interviewer: okay 255: or on a well Interviewer: if okay uh if i fell this. If i fell this way which way would i be going? 255: forward? Interviewer: and this way? 255: backward Interviewer: okay uh if i ask you, did you catch any fish and then you would say no blank or one 255: never done one or not a single one Interviewer: okay any um a schoolboy might ask a scolding teacher why is she blaming me. I blank wrong 255: what's the last thing you said, wrong? Interviewer: why is she blaming me, I blank wrong 255: w-r-o-n-g Interviewer: #1 yeah # 255: #2 is the last word? # ah, I'm not, let's see why is she blaming me it's not my fault or I'm not wrong I'm not in the wrong that would be the the proper answer I think Interviewer: okay, if someone apologizes for breaking your rake, you say, that's all right. I didn't like it 255: anyway, I didn't like it anyway. Interviewer: uh {NW} a crying child might say, he was eating candy and didn't give me 255: what give me any Interviewer: okay uh, it's just it's just and becoming about to a certain time of day what would you call that #1 when the sun # 255: #2 it's just about dinner # or it's just about uh sundown Interviewer: and what happens after sundown, when is that? 255: twilight in some areas Interviewer: and then after twilight? 255: darkness? dark Interviewer: and what do you call that uh term between twilight and uh i mean between dawn and dusk what's the time between dawn and dusk 255: daytime? Interviewer: and the other side 255: #1 nighttime # Interviewer: #2 the opposite # beg your pardon, what'd you say 255: nighttime Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: night evening Interviewer: and twelve oh clock #1 is # 255: #2 last night # sorry Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: noon {X} Interviewer: and if and if it's night time and I'm walking outside and 255: midnight? Interviewer: right, and and you were inside and I was outside, what would you say and it was 255: young or dark? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh and {NW} let's see okay, let's say there was a boy who was spoiled and he grows up you might say, he'll have his trouble blank yeah 255: he's what kind of boy now, say it again Interviewer: if there was a spoiled boy and we're talking #1 about this # 255: #2 spoiled # spoiled brat Interviewer: #1 right # 255: #2 yeah # Interviewer: and he and he grows up and you say, and you might say he'll have his trouble 255: he will have trouble later on, no question about that Interviewer: he'll have his trouble 255: later on Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: {NW} could be any expression used there Interviewer: what would you call those uh the things that are made by a plow 255: furrow Interviewer: okay uh and if you have a a good yield, you might say, we raised a big 255: crop Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and if you rid all the brush and trees on the land, you would say you did what 255: cleared the land Interviewer: and if you cut them down to make a road through the woods to a logging camp, you would say we just 255: hit it right away cleared it right away Interviewer: the second cutting of uh clover grass, uh during the second covering uh cutting of clo- of clover grass what would you call the old, dry dead grass that is left over on the ground in the spring 255: stubble Interviewer: uh, the we-weed is tied up into a what 255: we never grow weed in this area and so I'm not used to like the terms of #1 weed except # Interviewer: #2 okay # 255: a bundle Interviewer: right and yet you do, you probably do that with sugar cane then 255: uh sugar cane uh well sugar cane was never grown what you'd call commercially here like they would grow it down near near the oak {X} in lake worth, in the area Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: uh i mean uh back up in the {X{ big sugar fine-fineries the only thing they grow farmers had sugar cane crops had sugar cane patch what they call it and uh maybe a half acre and uh produces several thousand stocks which they put through a grinder and mix that up and they'd bunch it, they they'd tie it in bunches to- for easy handling Interviewer: hmm, that's interesting uh and I was wondering uh the bunch, uh bunches or or the bundles or sheaves that are piled up, they ever take, I was wondering, they ever take sugar cane, they pile them up into uh, the different sheaves and the bundles, they ever do that out in the middle of the field 255: no I don't think they'd ever do that they cut sugar cane with a big uh sickle, white thing uh, heavy, and cutter and uh they cut it out, cut it {X} cut it here and knock the top off and throw it aside for somebody come pick it up Interviewer: well, they {X} uh I don't know if you know too much about 255: i didn't know they would have a bunch of Interviewer: if they took a bunch of bundles of wheat and they put them together, what would you have 255: well then you'd have uh, I don't know what you'd call them, but sheath of wheat is what you'd call a bundle but they i don't what, I have no idea what they'd call a a like a haystack would be hay bunched up but the stack of {X} or whatever you'd call it but I don't what other, what other name you'd give it. Interviewer: you ever hear of a shock or 255: no but I would imagine that would be an appropriate name for it a shock of what I guess Interviewer: uh, let's say if we raised a bunch of crops uh we raised uh let's say well, we, let's say we're raising a bunch of potatoes and we had let's say the quantity and the amount of potatoes that we'd have, we'd take we'd have let's say, for instance I would say we raised forty blank of wheat, I mean of 255: forty bushels Interviewer: right 255: forty bushels to the acre a hundred bushels to the acre Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: that's a common expression Interviewer: right uh, do you happen to know what what a good yield uh of uh possibly um any of the produce around #1 here would be # 255: #2 yes, i know what it is # uh, a yield of potatoes now when i was a youngster out on the farm and my father grew potatoes uh, we called them barrels then. forty barrels to the acre uh the, that was a a fairly good yield uh, right now uh if a yield is not a hundred bushels to the acre they would be very poor and because it gets up to two hundred bushels or two hundred bushels per acre Interviewer: hmm 255: because of uh the type of fertilizer and they and they cultivate {X} {NW} just yields more per acre Interviewer: okay, do you happen to know what you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it 255: scratch it Interviewer: uh, if you and another man let's say if you and another man have a good job and you told him about it, you would say, you and 255: uh, you and I should uh uh go to town, you and i should I-I, due to my lack of uh education I would find uh sometimes very very hard to know exactly what's the grammatic, proper grammar and uh uh i get by with not too many mistakes but i don't make a lot Interviewer: if you were not speaking to him, just talking about him, you would say, the job is for 255: the job is for you to do or what, i don't Interviewer: or you were saying like, the two people, you know, if you were talking to this one guy and he's saying that that you and this other person had the you know, wanted to be on the job you would say, the job is for 255: the two of us Interviewer: Mm-hmm. okay 255: both of us? {NS} Interviewer: and and if some friends of yours and you are coming over to see me uh you would say blank and blank are coming over 255: {NW} i guess i would say, whether it's right or wrong, I'd say captain, captain are coming over to see you tonight Interviewer: right, and you would say uh instead of using her name you would just use like you know #1 {X} # 255: #2 my wife and I # Interviewer: yeah or uh just talking 255: we, we would come over, we will come over to see you #1 tonight # Interviewer: #2 right # and you would and if we were saying uh blank and I uh just speaking of your wife as a person. A regular. without noting whether you know she's your wife or not just just another woman you would say 255: I would say we would uh coming over tonight or the two of us will come over or uh {X} or we would come over tonight, play cards [X} there was a stranger, I don't know, I wouldn't say that Interviewer: if you knock on the door and they say who's there and you know uh and they hear your voice and they say to you, it's 255: this is X I would say my name is X, I go by X Interviewer: okay, great, what about, what about if you just say uh just saying, talking about yourself, it's. or it is 255: it is I would be uh would be hard for me to say this is X I would #1 I would say # Interviewer: #2 right # well some people say uh if we are sitting here expecting some man knocks at the door and you say, oh it's only 255: John Interviewer: or instead of saying his name, it's only 255: it's only Interviewer: and we both know the guy who's #1 {X} # 255: #2 yeah # it's it's it's only my neighbor or it's only it's only him knocking uh. it's only her knocking Interviewer: and if it {X} and if it's two people, you say it's only eh or a group of people 255: let's see now {X} people uh, a group of people knocking at the door and I was talking to my my wife and I would say I would say, they're here probably Interviewer: alright 255: or the group is here, or uh Interviewer: if you'd say, if if you just speak 255: go ahead Interviewer: okay, well if you just say it's like he or she he, she 255: I wouldn't #1 if it's a group, I wouldn't do that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # right 255: you'd say uh, the group is here {NS} Interviewer: {D: got you} okay, now we're speaking on the second side, I think of the third reel right and uh, we've just ended on page forty-two Item number six and we're on item number six right now and so I'll just ask you the question Mr. {B} uh, comparing how tall you are you would say uh for instance, he is not as tall as he's not 255: he's not as tall as John or he's not as tall as you are Interviewer: or if you're speaking about yourself 255: alright, uh, uh he's not as tall as I am Interviewer: right okay alright comparing how tall you are you'd say I'm not as tall as 255: he is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and comparing how well you can do something you'd say, he can do it better than 255: I can Interviewer: Mm-hmm. if a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say two miles is blank he could go 255: two miles is all he could go if if that were true Interviewer: alright 255: {X} Interviewer: if something belongs to me and I say, it's 255: mine Interviewer: and if something belongs to both of us you'd say it's 255: ours, this is ours Interviewer: and if something belongs to uh uh if something belongs to them it's 255: theirs Interviewer: and something belongs to him 255: it's his Interviewer: and something belongs to her 255: it's hers Interviewer: okay, people have uh people have been let's say if people have been to visit you and they're about to leave you say to them well blank back again 255: please come back again I would say Interviewer: Mm-hmm, or if you speaking to all all the people, you'd say, well if you were speaking to a group and you'd say well come back again 255: you're not wanting me to say what the governor of Florida said, Governor Cone he'd always say you all come {NS} Interviewer: that's that's written in the book {X} 255: you all come Interviewer: I know, I know but uh when you speak to a group of people, how do you address them 255: um group of people that's because I would speak to the group Interviewer: or if you direct yourself without them 255: could I do what Interviewer: if you direct yourself, you know, to if you were speaking and you're making a presentation and you're saying, I would like blank 255: all of you to uh Interviewer: right 255: to hear what I have to say Interviewer: good, excellent, great term and {X} um now now let's say um if their car was out in the road you might say to them someone's going to run into blank car 255: someone's going to run into my car Interviewer: or, according 255: that car, someone's going to run into that car Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: or their car {NW} Interviewer: and then if you ask uh, if you're asking about people at a party you would say blank had been here you, we were just talking earlier about the you were talking about the word witch and then the other word 255: yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: and you'd say, blank had been here 255: ask him a question Interviewer: yeah, you would ask him a question, you'd say blank #1 been here # 255: #2 has John been here # Interviewer: or if you're not speaking of a particular person, you're saying blank 255: who has been here Interviewer: right okay uh a group of 255: have they been here Interviewer: and uh a group of children that uh obviously belong to one or more family, you'd ask them blank children uh, blank children are they 255: neighborhood children Interviewer: yeah, if you're talking about uh the family that they belong to you would say blank children are they are they blank children are they like if if you're looking at all the kids in the neighborhood here and you say like uh and they're they're maybe making a bunch of ruckus in the lot across the street 255: do they belong over here do they belong here in this neighborhood Interviewer: and you wanna find out their parents and find out 255: who do they belong to Interviewer: alright 255: that's a common expression Interviewer: when you ask about all all of the speakers' remarks, everything said you might say blank did he say or if you can't understand when i ask you a question and uh you look at me and you say 255: did he cover this question, did he say this Interviewer: right or 255: did he refer to politics Interviewer: or if i, if you can't understand the question that I asked and I bubbled something in and you couldn't understand it you would look at me and you would say blank did you say 255: {NW} well, if it's if it's people i didn't know very well I'd say, please, will you please repeat repeat that Interviewer: uh-huh 255: or i would say, I didn't hear Interviewer: or if you filled in the this blank you would say, blank did he say 255: what did he say Interviewer: right {NS} uh if no one else will look out for them, you'd say, they've got to look out for 255: themselves Interviewer: right if no one else will do it for him you'd say, he had better do it 255: for himself {X} Interviewer: what 255: better look out for himself Interviewer: {NS} what is made of flour, uh baked in loaves uh what is what is made of flour, baked in loaves 255: bread Interviewer: when it is made 255: loaves, yeah bread yeah Interviewer: when it is made to rise with yeast you call it 255: uh, homemade bread uh rising bread, yeast bread well really, olden times they they always put yeast in bread so you'd say homemade bread that we'd call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} what are the kinds of bread uh what are what are the kinds of bread that are not in loaves 255: biscuits hoecake, you know what a hoecake is Interviewer: what's a hoecake 255: you cook it in a dutch oven, and by the way a duct oven where there's a little thing with the legs on it, it sits up and you put a top on it and you cook it over a campfire or cook outside and it's uh made of dough and it's like uh a big flapjack when it's called it's a little thicker than that, it's called a hoecake and all country people used to have a hoecake particularly on the carts you'd cook a ca- a hoecake and have it with coffee and they'd call it hoecake Interviewer: let's say uh [X} or you might say you bake a pan of what 255: biscuits Interviewer: there aren't, okay right, you happen to know of any other kinds of bread made out of flour 255: any kind of bread made out of flour Interviewer: uh-huh 255: a bread is bread you know and uh you can have uh wheat bread or whole wheat bread or uh number of different types of bread depending on what you put in it Interviewer: uh-huh 255: put flour to the flour Interviewer: what about bread made with white flour 255: white bread Interviewer: [NW} 255: {X} brown bread, or rye bread Interviewer: what is baked in uh a large what is baked in a large cake made of cornmeal 255: large cake made of corn cornbread Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh now that you mention cornbread, I was just wondering what do you make uh, what do you mean uh by cornbread when you talk about them 255: you you have uh uh cornflour and uh uh uh uh some ground up corn of course and uh and you mix it with water, put a little seasoning in it and cook it and it's delicious cornbread Interviewer: hmm, is there any more than one kind? 255: uh, oh no. I-I corn is corn and uh if you make make ground take ground up corn and make cornbread out of it. I don't really have anything else but cornbread Interviewer: Mm-hmm. oh 255: you have uh uh uh uh make some sort of uh pancakes out of it but it'd be a silly cornbread Interviewer: suppose you have the kind that uh doesn't have anything in it but cornmeal, salt, and water 255: sourdough is that what they're talking about you think. I've heard of it but I- I 've never {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh, what do you uh do you ever um do you ever remember any kind of cornbread that people talked about making before the fire before the fire on a board or something like that only uh larger? 255: you know I I have uh I have a recollection of of well now that you mention that that I just can't can't imagine what the name would be. I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm, are there any kinds that they cook in ashes 255: our course they they cook many potatoes and things of that under ashes they've taken, you make a, you you I've done camping many times, baked potatoes, sweet potatoes, mashed potatoes, put a put a barrier and then build your fire right on top of them and by the time you've cooked your own {X} you can take your potatoes out and they're they're they're baked very well, cooked very well Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what kind is about an inch thick, very large, round that you might cook in a skillet 255: uh well that's a hoecake that we have a flour, that's exactly what we have here Interviewer: hmm 255: cook in a skillet, you cook hoecake in a skillet all the time Interviewer: uh then there was the kind that is small and sort of like uh 255: pancake Interviewer: a sphere, and maybe it's a little bit of onion and green pepper mixed in it and you'd cook #1 them # 255: #2 oh. you talking about uh puppies, hushpuppies? # Interviewer: yeah, and well then there's also the type that you cook them in deep fat and eat them with fish and other fried seafood 255: {X} hushpuppies yeah, mm-hmm. Interviewer: uh, there's something else that uh that you would sometimes have that you'd boil in cheesecloth on either, with either beans, greens, or something with chicken made out of cornmeal what would you call that 255: I don't know, I've never had, I've never heard of that I've Interviewer: then there was uh the kind of cornmeal that you'd cook in a deep pan and it comes out soft and you dish it out like you would uh dish out mashed potatoes #1 {X} # 255: #2 corn mush # something that you can, they they took a lot of mush in out of corn I think but I don't remember none of that Interviewer: did you ever hear of a corn dodger 255: no no, no #1 that's not a # Interviewer: #2 okay # 255: that's not a common expression used in my young life Interviewer: there are two kinds of bread the homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store what would you call this kind that you buy at the store 255: we call it store bought bread {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: and we'd call it uh uh uh i don't any type they name their bread that's all Interviewer: what would you call the stuff that you uh make in your #1 house # 255: #2 homemade bread # Interviewer: okay 255: call it homemade bread Interviewer: um, you mentioned pancakes a while back there 255: yeah Interviewer: uh, what are the different names you'd call those 255: well, uh or I imagine they have all sorts of names I call them pancakes you can make fritters corn, fritters will make another like you have uh syrup on Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh what about the ones that are made out of wheat flour 255: uh, I don't know what they'd be called particularly uh let's see wheatcakes uh I've heard of wheatcakes certainly but if that's what you're referring to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what is fried in deep fat with hole in the center 255: donut Interviewer: Mm-hmm, are there any other names uh for the other types of shapes that you have with them 255: no {X} with with beer and uh hard things you buy or you cooked little circle rings hooked together, I can't think of the name Interviewer: uh, the pretzels 255: pretzels, yeah Interviewer: Mm-hmm, if you take a lump of donut dough and dipped it with a spoon without making a hole in it, what would you call that 255: well I think if if, depending on what was mixed in with it when it was uh prepared it would be a hushpuppy Interviewer: okay what about if you fried it in deep fat with three other strips across it 255: three strips of three strips of what across. oh oh Interviewer: that 255: you mean pies or what Interviewer: no, if you just took this lump of dough and put three strips of fat on it and fried it in fat 255: uh, I know nothing that nothing that we would uh, the one of the things that we would uh as a a dish that uh bread bread and cheese they only make corn from the harvest, that's where the Minorcan name came from that's the {D: fromo harvest} is the cheesecake and the Minorcans always have it parties on Easter time Interviewer: What was that again 255: {D: Fromo harvest} Interviewer: {D: fromo} 255: it's in that uh the the there's a there's a story I know, there's a song called From my Harvest, they sing at Easter time Minorcans and what they serve there's a there's some recipes in there How do you make how do you make uh crispies and from my harvest and other dishes Interviewer: Mm-hmm, I see it's in here. It's on, it's in the book uh that you've given to us um it's the book Minorcans in Florida: Their History and Heritage by Jane Quinn uh, and it's on page two-hundred and forty-nine uh is the song and uh, that's where that's located uh, there's also the recipes that you're talking about {D: fromohanus} which us is on page two-hundred and fifty-two {NS} have to save half of the tape {NS} {NW} {NS} okay right so where were, oh yeah we were talking about different things made of flour okay, when you went to the store uh, to buy flour, the quantities that you that they measured them in you'd say, I go to the store and buy two blank of flour 255: well, actually you buy bulk flour, I'd see if i bought two pounds of flour, two quarts of flour {X} measure it up. pour it, and measure it up and {X} you buy two pounds of flour I'd say its usual designation Interviewer: what would you uh use to make bread that is not baking powder or soda uh what do you use to, yeah, to make bread that's not baking powder or soda you know it comes in little small packets and it's dry and granulated 255: {X] so it'll rise, is that it Interviewer: uh-huh 255: uh, I can't think of the name but I know it's on the tip of my tongue uh it's always have, always have to be put in in dough and it makes it have to be flat if you didn't put it in, make it rise and you set them aside before you bake them Interviewer: right 255: and then they when they rose to the proper time and you put them in the oven and bake them Interviewer: let's say okay, the word sounds like the direction I'm pointing in 255: east, yeast, yeast, that's it, yeast certainly {X} the yeast is very important of course in baking Interviewer: the uh the end, okay, I was just wondering, what do you usually have for breakfast 255: you mean, what do people have or what do I have Interviewer: um, you have or most people have have 255: well, uh when I was young, I had different now, I have different tastes now because I have a hiatal hernia i eat differently, but uh as a rule now I have uh uh cereal, cu-cup of coffee and some toast and some cereal that's my breakfast occasionally I have uh uh bacon and eggs and uh, but uh, I don't have much of that because I don't eat too much eggs and I don't eat bacon either for that matter because of my cholesterol Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: my #1 probably when I was younger I'd eat all of that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # what's inside part of the egg 255: yolk Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 and # 255: #2 white and yolk # Interviewer: what's uh what would you call uh what color would you say the yolk or the egg is 255: yellow and and the others the white of the egg we'd call it {x} the yolk is yellow Interviewer: id you cook them in hot water, what would you call 255: boiled egg Interviewer: and if you crack them and let them fall out of the shells in the hotter water 255: {X} uh, poached poached egg, poached eggs Interviewer: what do you call the salt or sugar churned mead that you might boil with greens 255: salt rigging, south valley or what, what are you #1 talking about # Interviewer: #2 okay, Mm-hmm. # 255: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 255: we never had south valley I don't know very much but I know that I know south valley Interviewer: what if it had no le- no lean on it at all 255: no lean under the oil Interviewer: yeah 255: fat bacon I used to work in a butcher store when I was thirteen years old, delivering meat I know what fat bacon is and it lived to cozy people mainly Interviewer: what about if it had a 255: pigs feet, and fat bacon, and south valley Interviewer: what is had a uh a good bit of lean on it 255: uh well, uh if it's cut in strips it would be breakfast bacon or it'd be bacon uh, and uh, lean bacon or whatever you'd call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. when you when you cut like a side of a of a hog uh, or a cow what would you call that when it's cut right in half you know 255: you mean uh cut the what, the cow, the ribcage of the cow. what do you mean Interviewer: let's say like you worked in a butcher shop 255: yeah Interviewer: the man bought a large quantity of meat 255: that's right Interviewer: and that was there, a lot of times they came in this one quantity where they just cut it in half 255: oh yeah, they just put it down the cellar Interviewer: yeah, and what would they call that 255: uh, what would I say, of course they'd call it loin or beef {NW} uh, uh they'd it call the uh on hogs Interviewer: would they call it 255: with the lo-loin, uh that's what you get the pork loins, you get the pork chops out of that or uh uh {NW} Interviewer: what about if you just cut it in half you would call that #1 a # 255: #2 side # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: side of beef Interviewer: or an uh 255: side side of Interviewer: if it was a hog you'd call it 255: uh I'd I'd call it a side of uh pig I guess but the the main thing a red back bone part of a pig would be a loin pork loin, that it would be Interviewer: what would you call uh, let's see the kind of meat that you would buy sliced into uh, sliced thin uh to eat eggs with 255: breakfast bacon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and uh the type of stuff that you uh, they used to have houses for this and they put it in there and then it would be considered there were all sorts of meat they stick in there 255: a smokehouse Interviewer: right, and um, what would you call the meat 255: uh, well it's uh smoked bacon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} uh {NS} the outside of bacon is called what 255: you don't mean the, you don't mean the skin Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: what's it called, a nickname for it or another name for it Interviewer: yeah, well that's that's good #1 if you know of any others # 255: #2 skin # I don't know any others it's called, just the skin, tough skin Interviewer: the kind of meat that you buy and then slice it thin to eat with your eggs think you mentioned that 255: breakfast bacon yeah Interviewer: right the kind of meat that uh that comes in little ol' links on a chain uh 255: sausage breakfast sausage Interviewer: uh, the kind of meat that uh has been kept too long and then you, you know. It's real smelly and you say the meat is done what when it's not good and the the meat is 255: yeah {NS} of course I know what you mean but I just can't, I'm at a loss for words of course of course it doesn't go sour uh it just uh rancid Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: it could go rancid, could {X} {NS} spoiled Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh after the butcher, after your after you butcher a hog, what do you do with the meat from its head 255: you make hog head's che- hog hog's head cheese out of it Interviewer: what do you call the dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver 255: uh, black pudding blood puddings blood puddings, oh i remember we, I love blood puddings you mix all that stuff and put blood of the hog in it mix it up, put in casings, like sausage and and you uh, and you hurry up you you couldn't keep that as long as you'd keep sausage sausage dries and keeps well, but that one, you couldn't keep pudding because bl-blood puddings, you couldn't keep them very long Interviewer: so what would you call the different type of sausage that you'd have, that you made just from um liver 255: from liver Interviewer: #1 yeah # 255: #2 uh uh # well let's see uh, we never made that one when I was young, but you'd have uh liverwurst is that what you speak of Interviewer: yeah 255: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: um, did you ever take the juice of head cheese or the liver sausage, stir it up with cornmeal maybe some hog meat, cook it, then later after it gets cold, slice it and fry it what would you call that 255: what are you talking about a hog's head cheese i think Interviewer: yeah, and you, that's part of. it's a it's a recipe you just take you know #1 the head cheese # 255: #2 yes # Interviewer: #1 and the liver sausage # 255: #2 that's if they put # Interviewer: and the cornmeal, and the hog meat, and you just just cook it all up and after you cook this up, you take it, and it gets all cold and you slice it #1 and you fry it # 255: #2 that's hog's head cheese # Interviewer: #1 right, but that's hog's head cheese goes into that # 255: #2 I- I don't know any other name for it # yeah, that's right, but I don't know what else name we call I Interviewer: you ever hear of uh of scrapple 255: I have Interviewer: #1 uh pon haus # 255: #2 I have I have # what Interviewer: pon haus 255: no, never heard of that Interviewer: #1 scripple # 255: #2 scrapple # no, never, never, those are not the common expressions {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. suppose you kept your uh your butter too long and it didn't taste good 255: it's rancid Interviewer: right 255: another thing they used to make out of those things is cracklings {X} uh this, the little pieces when you're making when you're cutting up the fat of the hog to cook it to make lard the pieces that have little uh pieces of uh meat on it you'd you'd you'd cut those up and then you make cracklings out of those and then, when they would cook them you'd get the the uh, you keep them separate from just the plain lard and they'd cook them, the the the crackers a good deed, you keep those, you put them in a jar, you keep them of course you get the lard out of them also but they {NS} they leap, curls up, and they taste good #1 they call it crackling # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: #1 and you make crackling bread out of it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: um, did you ever, let's see, right the uh sour milk that you'd keep on hand is called what thick, sour milk 255: well you make curd out of uh cheese out of uh of certain milk but uh clabber you mean Interviewer: yeah 255: that's what you're looking for Interviewer: right, uh what would you call right you were talking about the milk and the cheese that you made out of that uh, what would you call other things that were made from like you know clabber, this type of uh 255: well you make uh uh you make things that you buy right now in the store uh curd, you make a curd for one thing and then you make uh something else you buy that's real good, I like it {NW} can't think of it right now but uh, um I know we used to make clabber, clabber put it in a thing and drain it and foam it and that was uh curd, and we'd eat that curd with sugar on it Interviewer: hmm, that's interesting uh what do you do with the milk after you eat it, remember you were talking about some things about the the man who used to milk and uh what would he do after he was milking it what did he do after he milked the cow the milk 255: well, the first place when he when he milked the cow, he'd always have a bucket of warm water there he'd wash the tips off her calfling and rinse them carefully and then he would uh uh do his milking and uh, then uh, he, of course it depends on whether he had a calf to feed or not. He'd have to save some for the calf he couldn't milk her dry uh, and prepare the, after you get the milk and l-l-let the calf then go to the mother and finish up Interviewer: Mm-hmm. okay, and then when you take that milk and it has all these like, you know, hair you remember how it used to be you know all that stuff floating around the top of it and uh, when you want to get those impurities out of it, what would you do it, you know you would uh what it 255: well, you you you strain it but uh the uh the the you shouldn't let, you should be careful not to let anything get in it very much, just the {X} {NW} but you'd strain it anyway for fear that there was something else Interviewer: what is uh baked in e deep dish with, made of apples with a crust on top 255: hmm, apple crisp for one thing and uh uh apple pan down, what do you they call it, pan down apple pan down something like that, I've forgotten Interviewer: dowdy? 255: yeah, a- a- a- apple pan down, pandowdy, something that I thought I'm not familiar with that but I've heard it Interviewer: somebody has a good appetite, you say, he sure likes to put away his 255: somebody would say nibbles, but uh, you should say food or I Interviewer: #1 right okay # 255: #2 he sure likes to put his food # {X} Interviewer: what would you call a milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you might pour over a pie 255: pour over pie, you're not talking about eggnog are you Interviewer: mm 255: {X} you can't put any milk #1 milk # Interviewer: #2 okay, what would you call the sweet liquid that you pour over the pudding # 255: a, a sauce you put over a apple uh a apple pie with a sauce or you make it with sugar and butter and milk and so far it's mixed up Interviewer: and, the food that is taken between regular meals, you call it you know like you have like 255: yeah uh Interviewer: breakfast and lunch and dinner, or you know dinner and supper, and between those times you'd say, you know you take a little cracked or something like it #1 what would you call that # 255: #2 uh, uh, uh # I can't think of a name, but of course it's it's I know it very well {X} a snack, course is one thing but it's not, there are other names Interviewer: what about a bite or a piece 255: a snack be-between- a snack between meals would be uh what would come more natural for me to say it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} okay, uh, now let's say if I say I will blank breakfast at seven oh clock 255: I will eat breakfast at seven oh clock Interviewer: alright, now I'm gonna ask you the the different parts of eat, okay and then just ask you just a couple of questions here yesterday, at that time, I had already 255: by this time, I had eaten my breakfast Interviewer: Mm-hmm. last week I had blank breakfast everyday 255: last week I ate my breakfast everyday at seven oh clock. Is that what you #1 want to say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm, right # what do people drink for breakfast 255: coffee tea Interviewer: mm 255: orange juice Interviewer: what do you drink when you are thirsty 255: water Interviewer: uh 255: if available Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh, you drink it out of a what Interviewer: Here we go now In the last part of the tape we were talking about uh Uh you were talking about water a glass of water Now if you take this glass and uh it fell off the sink what would it do 255: It'd break Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you'd say the glass fell and 255: Was broken? uh As the glass fell it was broken or broke The glass fell and broke to pieces #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm really # And Let's see And then you might say I didn't do it Or uh do you use that word we're talking about? 255: I didn't I didn't I did not break it Interviewer: Mm-hmm And someone has blank that glass 255: Someone has broken that glass Interviewer: Right Now let's see If I ask you how much you did you drink you would say I like a lot of it 255: How much did I drink Interviewer: Yeah and you say I #1 blank a lot of it # 255: #2 Yes I drank a # I drank a glass full Interviewer: and then you would say to me How mu- how much do- Have you 255: How much did you drink Interviewer: Right and how much have you 255: drank How much uh How much have you no if I was in a conversation with you and you were wondering and I asked you how much did you drink Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: #1 Is that what you want? alright # Interviewer: #2 yeah okay # And uh then we say we sure do blank a lot of water 255: We sure We sure do drink a lot of water Interviewer: {NW} When dinner is on the table and the family is standing around waiting to begin Uh What do you say to them? #1 Like if you- if everybody is standing around and everybody is # 255: #2 I say I say please sit down # I say let's sit down Interviewer: Right and then uh right Interviewer: And Let's say um If some people come up to the dining room and you say And you If someone Somebody some person comes up to the dining room And you ask them won't you 255: Join us Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 255: #2 Won't you sit down # Interviewer: And then 255: Won't you eat with us Interviewer: So then he Blank and began to eat So he sat down and began to eat And nobody else was standing and they all 255: They all were sitting Interviewer: #1 Right # 255: #2 All were seated # Interviewer: If you want someone uh to wait until the potatoes have passed You say I mean if you want someone not to wait I mean you just say Sit down and you have these potatoes and you say You go up to them and you and you don't want 'em to wait #1 So you say # 255: #2 Oh # Uh help yourself and pass it before you pass it Interviewer: So he went ahead and blank himself 255: Helped himself Interviewer: Since he already Since uh Since he had already blanked himself I asked him to pass them over to me Since he had already #1 blank # 255: #2 Since he had already uh # Like uh {X} Talking about rice a bowl of rice Interviewer: #1 Yeah you were talking about # 255: #2 And he helped himself # Interviewer: #1 Right # 255: #2 After he helped himself he passed it to me # Interviewer: Right that's good If you decided to eat something You'd say I don't 255: If I decided #1 To eat or not to eat # Interviewer: #2 I mean not to eat something # #1 Like you say # 255: #2 I don't like it # Interviewer: Okay 255: I don't care for it Interviewer: If the food has been cooked and served a second time You say it has been 255: Well uh Lots of times you would say Do you want seconds Or are we having seconds or Interviewer: Or if if like a food that you ate last night #1 for last night's supper # 255: #2 Oh uh leftovers # We're having leftovers for supper tonight Interviewer: Alright And uh the action of uh Putting those leftovers on the stove would be 255: Heating them up Interviewer: Right {NW} If you put food in your mouth and then uh and then you begin to Like when you eat the food and then you put it in your mouth what do you do 255: You chew it Swallow it Chew it Interviewer: A dish made out of boiled Indian meat {NW} A dish made out of boiled Indian meal And some other kind of liquid What's a dish that's made out of uh boiled Indian meal and some other kind of uh liquid 255: Mush uh perhaps I don't know what you would call it Interviewer: Do you ever uh use any milk or water for it? 255: I eat uh I've eaten when I was young I would have hominy with uh sugar and milk on it all the time as a cereal and I'd later eat it as a vegetable with meat and with butter on it Interviewer: {NW} Uh What about uh Did you ever have salt on it and have it served? 255: Well as where salt is needed you put salt on it Interviewer: How is it served generally? 255: What? Interviewer: What did you say? I forgot 255: Hominy? Interviewer: Yeah 255: Hominy is made from corn and uh you can use it as a cereal with uh uh salt hominy with uh sugar and and cream or milk and then later you can eat it as with fish as a vegetable or meat with butter on it We eat it all the time that way Interviewer: And how is mush or hominy served? 255: Uh well hominy it's uh in uh in uh big bowl it's uh it's not stiff it's uh like a liquid, mushy like, not somewhat firm but not too firm Depends on how people like it, some people like it cooked rather stiff I don't Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh what do you call peas, beets, and the like? 255: Vegetables Interviewer: Mm-hmm and they grow in a what? 255: Garden Interviewer: A small plot near the house where you might have uh That well you've already mentioned that um what is uh this starch made from inside a grain raised in Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas I think it is raised here in Florida too but not too much 255: What is starch you say Interviewer: Yeah the type that Chinese and Japanese eat all the time You can fry it you know and little white stuff And it's Japanese and Chinese eat it all the time too 255: Isn't it a vegetable Interviewer: Yeah And it grows it's a grain and it grows In a marsh type uh situation 255: Rice Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: Oh yeah I love rice {NW} Interviewer: What are some names for Uh non-tax paid alcoholic beverages 255: What is some Would you #1 repeat that # Interviewer: #2 Some names for um # non-tax paid alcoholic beverages 255: You mean moonshine Interviewer: Yeah 255: {NW} Interviewer: You ever hear any other names for it? 255: white lightning There are all sorts of names for moonshine let's see Interviewer: Did you ever hear of the expression {X} 255: Nope Interviewer: When something's cooking and it makes a good expression in your nostrils And you just and you say to someone it just {X} Or just blank it 255: Smells good you say? Interviewer: Right or if you tell some guy to go up and 255: Sniff it Interviewer: Or you just used the word 255: Taste it Interviewer: No Did you sm- If you're uh 255: Smell it Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh you crush cane and boil the juice and make what 255: Juice of what Interviewer: Uh we already went over that Okay uh That was molasses You might say molasses blank thick Like uh 255: Uh thick as molasses That's an expression Interviewer: Right 255: {X} Interviewer: What would you call the sweet sticky liquid you put On your flapjacks 255: Syrup Interviewer: Is there any imitation uh Let's say let's say this isn't Imitation syrup it's 255: Corn syrup Interviewer: Or if it's the real thing it's 255: It's cane cane syrup also can be Of course it could be other types of syrup Interviewer: Yeah but if some guy says that tastes like imitation I say that's not imitation That comes from the real uh stuff that's uh 255: That's uh that's uh um Cane syrup that's the that's the real stuff #1 as far as I am concerned # Interviewer: #2 Okay let's talk about uh # Maple syrup 255: Maple syrup good #1 But you don't have maple syrup down this way you have that in Vermont # Interviewer: #2 Right # And let's say if I had some stuff Some real maple syrup from Vermont and some guy tastes it and he says Well that tastes like imitation and I say that isn't imitation that cost me ten dollars a gallon And that stuff is 255: Well The real stuff or or Or real maple syrup I don't know I would not know the expression That stuff is is real Interviewer: Or it is an imitation it's gen- 255: Genuine Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 255: #2 Genuine maple syrup # {X} Interviewer: Um Sugar is sold Okay all right Oh yeah right Sugar is sold Retail already in packages and wholesale it's sold in 255: Brown sugar You you don't you don't usually have sugar in a In a sack I don't think I mean a A a crocker sack like You It's it's a I believe it's in a barrel Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if it's all broken up what would you call it? 255: If sugar is all broken up Interviewer: Uh-huh 255: Sugar is all broken up Interviewer: Yeah and it's like in little individual packs and all 255: Crystals Interviewer: Alright let's say if I had a dog tied up And I took off his chain and #1 Let him # 255: #2 Unleashed him # Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 255: #2 Or released him # Or unleashed him took him off the leash or Interviewer: Or he's all tied up and ready to go and I 255: Let him go Interviewer: Right and there's other a couple other words Or if I had uh If I had A bunch of bundles you know of uh sticks together and they were all tied together and I Snipped 'em And they all fell apart they were 255: Can't think Interviewer: Okay um Now I don't know if you have heard of this you probably did you were into banking Uh Are you into stocks 255: Yeah Interviewer: Okay uh If you buy a whole bunch of stocks sometimes you buy 'em in a A hundred a unit What is that what do you call that? #1 Buying a # 255: #2 Share # Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 255: #2 Share of stocks # Interviewer: And then there's a large amount that you buy them in 255: Well no you buy shares of stocks that's all you buy #1 That's all you # Interviewer: #2 Right # And then sometimes as I understand you have to buy a Like some Companies will not let you buy one share they let you buy 255: A hundred shares or ten shares Interviewer: Right and then the hundred shares you buy what is that called? 255: Block Block of stock Is that what you're looking for Interviewer: #1 Something like that # 255: #2 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: Uh 255: I want a block of this stock That usually the man would say that to be two-three hundred shares Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay when sugar Uh Before it comes to a retail store and it's all in this individual packs and it's in a bunch of big boxes And they ship it to the store what do they call that? You know that they that they all put together in big boxes before it's Taken out 255: Well I think some of them come in a hogshead Myself or a barrel see but uh I don't know what other name you could Call it Some technical name I guess you're thinking of Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay what do you call the sweet Uh spread that you would Make by boiling sugar and Um What would you call the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice of either apples, peaches Or strawberries 255: Jelly Interviewer: Okay Uh #1 Okay what would you do okay if you put it up okay that's right # 255: #2 Jam jellies or jam # Interviewer: Uh what would you have Uh On the table to season food with Two different things 255: Salt and pepper Interviewer: Okay Uh If there are some apples And a child wants one he says Blank the apple 255: Pass the apples Interviewer: Or if he demands it he says 255: Give me an apple Or I want an apple Interviewer: And uh if somebody offers you a peach you say no give me 255: An orange Interviewer: Or if you wanted the last thing that we were talking about 255: Apple No give me an apple Interviewer: Okay Interviewer: And then if you're talking about uh A group of boys and you say no It wasn't these boys it must have been 255: Doing something bad Interviewer: It must have been 255: Another gang or Interviewer: If you're pointing at it wasn't These boys it was 255: #1 Those boys # Interviewer: #2 Right # Or suppose you're identifying a certain group you said It wasn't these boys it was well we already said that Or if you say if if you Talking about a particular Person and you say No it must have been one of 255: Them Interviewer: Alright Interviewer: If you are pointing to a tree Uh a ways off You might say It's 255: It's a mile away or it's a It's a long ways It's a long way away Interviewer: Mm-hmm They used to have a song during the second world war they used to say uh 255: blow some pines Interviewer: No it was um 255: Oh Interviewer: #1 When they when they'd point and they'd say # 255: #2 Oh oh yeah uh # {NW} It's a long long way to Tipperary I think {X} Interviewer: How about the one over there 255: Yes over there that's true Over there that's over there that's why you gotta get to that It's over there in that direction Interviewer: And then if you say to someone you uh don't do it That way do it 255: This way Interviewer: Uh-huh When someone speaks to you and you don't hear what he says Uh you say What did you say? Yeah and Uh like 255: #1 Uh I didn't hear you # Interviewer: #2 Or you would say uh # {NW} Right no it was good If a man has plenty of money and doesn't have anything to worry about But life is hard on the man Uh He what would you call him 255: He had plenty of money and life was hard on him Interviewer: If a man has plenty of money and he doesn't have anything to worry about But life is hard on the man You call uh 255: Rich man Interviewer: Or you'd say that's a Let's say life if the guy had a lot of money Or that well sort of uh 255: He could be a philanthropist because he may not give it away even if he holding it Interviewer: Yeah 255: Maybe uh uh Uh Interviewer: Okay if you have a lotta uh a lot of peach trees you have Like in a in a group 255: Yes alright yeah well uh Course you have an orange grove and a peach Peach 255: Looks like we get served something here Auxiliary: Y'all need to drink something y'all sounded pretty dry Interviewer: So we're talking about uh Right And you had said an orange grove and Up North they usually call them 255: Peach orchard Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Uh when a When I was a boy my father was poor but the next boy was 255: The next boy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: When I was young my father was poor Interviewer: But next door the boy was 255: Oh the next door Uh was uh Rich or wealthy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: Do you need a nickname for him or something Interviewer: See what it says here when I was a boy my father was poor but next door Was a boy 255: Who had everything Who Interviewer: #1 Or if you're talking about # 255: #2 Was rich # Interviewer: Or about his father you'd say Next door Was a boy And you 255: And his father was wealthy Interviewer: Right Uh Interviewer: Uh inside a cherry uh There is a part that you don't eat 255: Pit Interviewer: Mm-hmm Inside a peach what do you call that 255: Peach stone Stone I swallowed one time And I came very dying And somebody came up and saved my life I was Black in the face and He stood me up and pounded me in the back and the peach seed went about 20 feet Straight out of my throat Seed peach seed Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh The kind of peach where the flesh is tight against the stone You ever hear that? 255: Uh yes it's uh freestone peaches and cling clingstone peaches {NW} Interviewer: Right And what's uh what would you call a freestone peach 255: Bit of the flesh It uh pulls away from the seed Interviewer: Mm-hmm What do you call a uh The part of the apple that you throw away 255: Core Interviewer: Right uh When you cut up apples and peaches and dry them You're making 255: Course you know you gotta dry apples you can buy dry apples cut up slices of dry apples Interviewer: Do you ever call them snits? 255: No Interviewer: #1 Okay # 255: #2 Nothing # Interviewer: What kind of nuts do you pull out of the gourd and roast 255: Uh chestnuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 They have a few up in Georgia there # 255: #2 Yeah I know they do # Key is in old swampland you find a chestnut tree I went down there frequently Interviewer: What about uh the president of the united states was known for being a farmer of 255: Peanuts Interviewer: Right You ever hear them called any other name 255: Goobers Interviewer: Mm-hmm what other kinds of nuts you were talking about you were talking about different types 255: Chestnuts pecan nuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about that hard covering on the walnut what would you call that 255: Shell Interviewer: When a walnut falls off a tree there's a soft covering around it what would you call that 255: They don't have walnuts down here No I'm not familiar with that I've never seen a walnut except in a store Interviewer: Hmm uh and other kind of nuts that grown down south long and flat shaped uh that with a thin and porous shell 255: Peanuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's one but is there sort of thin and sort of long and round and comes to a point at each end and it's sort of harder than a peanut 255: Nut Interviewer: Uh-huh it almost had like a woody top on it okay 255: {X} Interviewer: I think you mentioned it earlier anyways 255: Chestnut Interviewer: Or the flat oval shaped nut with perforated shells that you would buy at Christmas time 255: Oh there's uh {NW} A white yellow covering like uh Uh Oh I can't almond almond nut Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm 255: Oh Interviewer: Um let's see the kind of fruit about as big as you know what you already mentioned that let's see uh if there was bowl of oranges standing somewhere and one day you go out to get one and there aren't any left you'd say the oranges are all 255: Gone Interviewer: Right and uh alright that's funny um the red vegetables that are peppery little red vegetables little peppery hot things 255: Datil peppers Interviewer: No they grow in the ground and little red vegetables that are dark like they look like a turnip but there's a lot small 255: Radish Interviewer: Right uh the red the round red things that grow on leafy plants staked up in the garden the Italians like them a lot too you use them in the workings 255: not rice Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: Yeah something Interviewer: Another another one we're talking about now 255: Uh not turnips no {NS} Interviewer: No they're they're mushy and a lot of them as I understand they come from Italy and they grow on these stakes and you have them around here a lot too uh they they put Italians use them for putting in their pastes you know and you have it on spaghetti and you have it in sauce it's red 255: It's not a pepper Interviewer: No it's not peppery it's sort of bland 255: I don't know Interviewer: And it's got a mushy skin and you find it it's a common thing in a produce market you put it in salads too 255: {X} Interviewer: What do you usually eat 255: Onions no Interviewer: No what do you usually eat in a salad 255: Lettuce {NS} Salad dressing {X} Cucumbers {NS} Some radish Interviewer: Mm-hmm but there's something that's sort of mushy 255: There's sweet peppers No I can't figure it out Interviewer: Uh they're small red veg- they're kind of a red vegetable grown a bush also on a bush you slice them and then you eat them with lettuce 255: {NW} Interviewer: And you make ketchup out of them 255: Right Tomatoes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: {X} {NW} That's {NW} {X} {X} Thing as something as grow in the ground {X} Tomatoes myself about twice {X} Interviewer: Yeah we have a bit down here that's true {NW} Uh okay what would you call the little small tomatoes no bigger than 255: There's a there's a name for them cherry Cherry tomatoes Interviewer: Uh along with your meat you might have baked we were talking about that uh but you talked about the different types of potatoes what about the ones with the yellow meat 255: Sweet potatoes Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh you ever hear of any other names 255: Yams We used to grow yams Interviewer: Okay we were talking about onions and the little fresh ones that you eat you know what you call those 255: It's uh {X} I can't just call the name right now Uh scallions Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm what are some of the vegetables you would use for a good soup 255: Soup Interviewer: Yeah for a good soup 255: Oh well we put oh we put all sorts of vegetables in soup potatoes {NW} Peas {X} And English peas butter beans Corn Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: cooks the best tomatoes Interviewer: What about uh gumbo 255: Gumbo you put okra And the main thing would be okra and gumbo Interviewer: What would you what if you have an apple or a plum around it see well if you have an apple or a plum around it it will dry out and 255: Apples will {X} Sink and eventually rot Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if you take an apple and if you say put it above your stove and it just #1 Slicks # 255: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Right and it gets all wrinkly what do you call that 255: Well you why would you want to do anything like that with an apple {NW} Interviewer: Maybe by mistake or 255: Yeah I see well it would sink and and dry out dry out Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh if you wanted to get the beans out of the pod by hand you'd say you'd have to 255: Shuck them or peel them Interviewer: Mm-hmm the large yellowish flat beans the shells but not the pod what do you call those 255: Large yellow beans Interviewer: Yeah yellowish black beans the shells not the pods 255: The shells not the pod Oh I see The peas themselves you mean Interviewer: Uh-huh right 255: Butter beans Interviewer: Right 255: Yeah Interviewer: The kind of beans that you eat pod and all 255: Oh that's coffees Interviewer: Yeah but they are sometimes the color of this rug too they call them that too 255: Well green beans Interviewer: Right 255: English peas green beans Green beans even more actually. Interviewer: And uh you take the top of turnips and you cook them and make a mess of 255: {NW} Turnip uh turnip greens Interviewer: Mm-hmm what other greens do you use besides turnip tops 255: I use collard type collards Texas colored people love collard greens I never eat them Interviewer: What other types of what other is there any does it make any difference in the size or the color of the butter bean you know is there a name that they call it 255: Well they they they call uh the butter beans uh small uh they've got a name for them and some are small some are large {X} {NW} Better than the other you put butter on them Cook them well I don't know the names of Interviewer: {NW} If you're telling if a friend of yours is going out and you want him to buy you some lettuce you'd say please buy me blank of lettuce 255: Head of lettuce Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you say please buy me three blank of lettuce 255: Three heads of lettuce Interviewer: Mm-hmm if you have two boys and three girls you have 255: You have five children. We only had four. {NW} Interviewer: Um do you ever speak of them as so many heads or something like that 255: {NW} Yeah yeah that's I don't do that but that's a common phrase I've got six heads of children I've got six heads Interviewer: Of course 255: How many children you got six heads I'd say that just a common expression I wouldn't say that though Interviewer: If he had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a blank of children 255: You could say say a bunch {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever use the word passel 255: What Interviewer: Passel or passel I think it's called {C: pronunciation} 255: Yeah well P-A -assel Uh yes but that would be a An unusual expression somebody Would be sort of kidding when they say that I imagine I don't believe that {NS} {X} I don't know when they'd want to use He has a passel of children Interviewer: Outside of uh what is the outside of the airport 255: classic Interviewer: Uh-huh what is the kind of corn that you would eat on the cob 255: Uh I like that white corn most people eat yellow corn {NW} Yellow corn's more easy to get but I like white corn Interviewer: And the kind of corn that is tender enough to eat off the cob is 255: Is uh green corn {X} Interviewer: Right um what do you call the top of the corn stalk 255: Tassel Interviewer: The stringy stuff that comes out of the end of the corn shucks and that you have to brush off the ear when you take the shucks off 255: I used to smoke that when I was young dry {NS} I can't think of the name of it now Interviewer: You ever call it {D: tossel} or 255: No Interviewer: Silk 255: Silk Interviewer: Corn bread 255: Called it silk called it silk Interviewer: Corn button 255: Called it silk Interviewer: Uh-huh a large round fruit that grows on the ground that you make out of pie out of Thanksgiving 255: Pumpkin Interviewer: Right the kind of small yellow cooked {D: necked} vegetable yellow crooked necked vegetable right 255: Squash Interviewer: Right or any names for it when you dry it 255: Well you Course you could You can have uh you can grow gourds But I don't think that's squash {X} Dried it {X} Used as a water dipper Used as a dipper or gourd Or as a place for {X} birds {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: {X} {NS} Interviewer: Right um uh what kind of uh melons would you raise 255: Watermelons mush melons Interviewer: Uh the kind of melon with the yellow meat 255: That's that's a cantaloupe Uh what strings up what springs up in the woods and fields after a rain there's little white {X} Interviewer: No they're little white {D: umbrella} uh things 255: Oh Interviewer: Yeah they come up and they're sort of they're a fungus 255: Yes They grow in my yard here too I don't know I don't eat them though {NW} Oh dear what is the name for them goodness {NS} well spores {NS} I entirely can't think Interviewer: Well it sounds like the thing that we were talking about 255: Mushrooms Interviewer: Mm-hmm right if you think if uh I don't know if you mentioned p {X} but when we were talking about melons when they're large and they're green and people sometimes pickle the rind 255: {X} {NW} Interviewer: Uh what different kinds do you have of these 255: What different kinds Interviewer: Yeah 255: Oh my goodness there's definitely watermelon No question of watermelon {X} Interviewer: Why why did they call it those 255: They call them different names and they know what they are they have a The different shapes you know a lot of them A lot of them are round a lot of them are like eggs a lot of them are {NS} like sausage {NS} A lot of them have stripes on them Running {X} circles {NW} Interviewer: I was wondering you were talking about the mushrooms out here in your front yard uh 255: Toad stools we call them {NW} Interviewer: What was that you called them 255: Frog stools {NS} Interviewer: Um if a man had a store a sore throat so the inside of {X} You already said that okay um what do people usually smoke 255: Cigarettes cigars pipe Interviewer: Mm-hmm um there was a lot of let's say there were a lot of people at a party having a good time they're standing around the piano and they were standing around the piano what were they doing 255: Singing Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if a funny story had been told they would all be 255: Laughing Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if you let's say somebody offers to you a favor you would say I appreciate it but I don't want to be 255: In debt to you I don't want to That's the thing you're looking for I don't want to be under obligation Interviewer: Right anybody asks about you see somebody asks about you doing a certain job and you'd say sure I blank do it 255: I will do it or I might do it it depends Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if you're able you say I 255: I will do it if I'm able or I will do it if I have time Interviewer: Mm-hmm if somebody asks you about uh say if somebody asks you mm-hmm if somebody asks you {D: about sundown} to do some work and you say I got up to work before sun up and I blank all I'm going to do today 255: You're up before sunrise and Interviewer: I blank all I all I'm going to do today like you said 255: I've done you could say but I {NS} Interviewer: Right 255: I've done all I'm going to do today I got up before sunrise {X} {NS} I've done all I'm going to do today Interviewer: If you're already talking about the fact that so few of your old friends are still alive you might say I spent all week looking for my high school classmates and it seems they're 255: All gone Interviewer: Yeah that's a terrible question that's not nice I don't know why that put that in there uh in such a situation in such a situation he blank to be careful 255: In such a situation I better be careful Interviewer: Or he blank be careful 255: He better be careful Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay or or speaking of the fact that corn seems short you might say all this year it blank taller 255: Said all what #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Corn is really short and you say well all this year it blank taller you know it's such really short this year and you say all this year it blank taller A favorite expression by an old uncle of mine {X} when he had a failure of a corn crop he would say that gophers could eat the tassels off of my corn {NW} Oh that's a good one let's see uh uh you say all let's say when you were a kid you probably may have said this I dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you 255: Bet you'll you'll whistle Interviewer: Mm-hmm but like if I'm going to go up you 255: Might still be running Interviewer: Or like when you were younger and another kid came up to you and said I dare you I really dare you if you go through that graveyard at night I bet but I'll bet you let's see I dare you that if you go through that graveyard at night I'll bet you like Like if you don't think or if you went up to another kid and you just told him that and you said I dare you to go through that graveyard and 255: I bet I bet you won't do it or I bet you'll {X} If you do it you'll run or what Interviewer: The negative of dare you 255: I bet you Interviewer: Okay 255: {X} {NW} Interviewer: You knew uh you know when you first agreed let's see you know when you first agreed to go that you blank to tell your mother 255: You do or you first to #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Well yeah like # If like 255: You planned to tell your mother #1 You forgot # Interviewer: #2 Right # 255: to tell your mother Interviewer: No it's like playing 255: Yeah Interviewer: Uh if you just go up to her and you know you're obligated to tell your mother so you say that you should whatever okay 255: You'd ask your mother's permission Interviewer: Right a boy got a whip and you say let's say a boy got a whipping and you say I bet he did something he shou- 255: {NW} Shouldn't have done Interviewer: Right 255: {NW} Interviewer: Um 255: {NW} Interviewer: And then someone might go up to you and say will you dare do it and then you say no I like if I go up to like someone going up to you will you dare do that and then you say no I 255: No I won't but uh Interviewer: Right 255: Be one expression Interviewer: Uh when you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your friend was standing around without helping you'd say you like you know if you were working all the time and you're doing a lot of jobs and working this friend was watching you and you say well you 255: {X} He's lazy for one thing Interviewer: Right and if he could have helped you then you would say you 255: Uh You're not much of a helper Interviewer: Right 255: You're lazy Interviewer: Uh suggesting the possibility of being able to do something you'd say I'm not sure but I 255: I might {NS} Interviewer: {X} 255: I might I'm not sure but I might do it Interviewer: Or you might say if it if it quits raining let's see yeah if you {X} it quits raining by Thursday I 255: I'll go with you I'll Work with you I'll do whatever it {X} Interviewer: Or if you were talking about doing it I blank over the yard work get all the yard work finished I 255: I'll uh I'll go with you if I complete my work or if I #1 Finish what I'm doing # Interviewer: #2 Or # I blank get all the yard work finished 255: I Course if I get all the yard work finished Interviewer: Mm-hmm the kind of bird that can see in the dark 255: Owl Interviewer: Uh-huh ever hear any other words for them where they're kind of birds you know and that seem like scary in the graveyard or in the barn or anything like that any different types of them 255: Well I imagine other birds can see at night besides owls but I don't know Uh {X} Hawk Interviewer: Okay the bird which hoots at night 255: Well that's an owl of course Interviewer: Mm-hmm is there any 255: Hoot owl Interviewer: Beg your pardon 255: A hoot owl Interviewer: Hoot owl 255: Different {X} Interviewer: What does that look like 255: What an owl Interviewer: Yeah that one 255: It has a it has a beak like a hawk and his great big eyes blink {NW} Interviewer: What kind of bird what other kind of birds that drill holes in trees 255: Uh Uh they really can drill a hole too Uh jay birds jay birds Yeah jay birds will live in the hole make a nest in the tree Interviewer: Yes and what about the window it usually has a red head and it 255: Wood woodpecker Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: Yeah Interviewer: You ever hear it called peckerwood 255: Peckerwood {NW} Of course there's {X} to get this full of {X} peckerwood {X} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm um what about the kind of black and white animal with a powerful smell 255: Skunk Interviewer: Mm-hmm any other names for it 255: Yeah other names they have uh Oh dear Interviewer: What kind of animals come and raid hen houses {X} 255: Weasel will do it or coons They'll take the eggs Interviewer: Any names for uh that take care of them all 255: You mean it'll kill {X} {X} Uh I know what you mean to say but {X} Uh Uh can't think of the name Now there is a name that covers them all Interviewer: Yeah and you might say I'm going to get me a gun and some traps and shoot those okay you ever heard the word varmin 255: Surely yes Interviewer: Okay 255: Varmints that will cover them all right {NW} Interviewer: What about the bushy tailed animal in the tree tops and the city streets 255: Squirrels Interviewer: What color are they 255: Gray squirrel {X} Interviewer: Whether they're uh yeah and what about uh wait how do these uh different colors different squirrels compare in size 255: {NW} Well a flying squirrel is not very large. A gray squirrel is a pretty good size squirrel {X} and yeah but uh {NW} They they're small I've seen a small flying squirrel Interviewer: What about a red colored squirrel 255: Well I don't know particularly and I I imagine it would be larger Interviewer: Any sort of animal that's like a squirrel but doesn't climb trees 255: Any sort of animal like a squirrel that doesn't climb trees Interviewer: Uh-huh you mentioned 255: Oh there's gopher Interviewer: Mm-hmm 255: The gopher I was talking about was a land turtle We call a land turtle a gopher here Interviewer: Really 255: We {X} that's a real part of our food {NW} Eat la- land turtles which are gophers we call them gophers {NW} Gopher stew is I think you'll find a a menu in there for a gopher stew in that book I think that was a big {NW} delicacy for {X} people Interviewer: Hmm that's interesting and these are in freshwater and salt water 255: What Interviewer: Land these type turtles 255: {X} Interviewer: Okay, so this is the second side of tape number four and uh...let's see. When I last was with you Mr. {B} we uh were discussing I think oh yeah, we were talking about different kinds of owls Would you happen to know of any different names for the types of owls around here that you happen to know of 255: screech owl is one and um I've heard different names of owls and I I know a screech owl is one Interviewer: Well that's good, okay and uh, you happen to know the type of owl that hoots at night? and uh {NW} uh it's a 255: I would think that all owl owls hoot at night Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: I don't know why they shouldn't all hoot Interviewer: well, there's one that's uh 255: particularly hooting owl? Interviewer: Yeah 255: well I don't know {NS} Interviewer: okay oh wow we've already gone over that {NS} oh here on you're right, we just, we went over that, right we're at the point of where we're talking about uh just about getting to talking about the fish around here uh, I was wondering {NS} what kinds of uh uh what {NS} okay, here we go {NW} what are the uh...what different kinds of fish do you get around here? 255: Mullet is the most common fish that uh the is a staple food for our people uh, but there all kinds of fish, sheep head, sheep's head sheep's head uh, and then, uh bass. Red bass. of course these are salt water fish I'm talking about, not fresh water fish we have little fresh water over this area You go over to the SaintJohn's to get fresh water fish but in this area. the east of the county, sheep's head, uh red bass, choke {X} kind of choke and um, um all sorts of pan fish, uh yellow tail uh pig fish and uh croakers #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 do you happen to # 255: caught outside yeah and mackerel and uh sail fish I caught outside here talking swordfish mainly {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. do you have to know of the uh any the Minorcan names for uh the fish around here they used to call? 255: no, i don't mullet was a sort of a main staple for Minorcans uh easily caught in {D: practical} numbers both in the Saint Johns River and in the Kansas river north of here Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and uh, how far do you say this is the Saint John's river I think that's fresh water isn't it how far is it from here? 255: it's uh, due west, uh say sixteen miles and it runs out county it's the western boundary of our county and {X} over county The Saint John's river is about thirty something miles long over our county side Interviewer: mm-hmm did you ever uh happen to know of any names for the {x} for the spotted black mullet that the Minorcans used to call them 255: spotted, black mullet Interviewer: #1 yeah # 255: #2 never heard of mullet stripped, spotted black mullet # you see there are mud suckers uh {x} the inside of them have uh dark lining of the stomach is all dark and uh, that doesn't bother ya, just scrape it out but there are mud suckers in this general area. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the term Joe wreath? 255: Joe what? Interviewer: Wreath. 255: how do you spell wreath? Interviewer: W-R-E-A-T-H. 255: never heard of it Interviewer: uh, what about uh the Minorcan term for lady fish called a {D: crowball} 255: there may be but I don't know anything about it Interviewer: uh-huh or did you happen to know the Minorcan name for the spotted fish the {D: bazuga} 255: no, never Interviewer: okay uh {NW} now there's one thing I've been wondering of what cloaks in the marshes this type of animal that cloaks in the marshes 255: well, frogs I'm sure, are, their in the marshes Interviewer: uh did you ever hear any of these uh make a noise around here at night 255: oh when it rains you can have uh not necessarily in the marshes but they're in the yard here all over the place frogs croaking incessantly Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh what do you call the uh little frogs that come in the spring you know that don't grow very much about over an inch or so 255: i don't know what you call them. i have no particular name for them Interviewer: what about the big large frogs 255: bull frogs is what you call larger I imagine Interviewer: and uh {NW} you ever hear of the term uh, spring frog or tree frog? 255: uh, yes I've heard of that. well I think the I think the spring frog is one of the the that's edible ate frog legs out here but you'll catch fresh water Interviewer: Alright, do you happen to know the type of frogs that um kind of it's brown and it lives in a garden usually and it gives warts 255: uh, well uh cuz I would call that a bull frog but it may not be but and I guess it gives warts I don't know what they do I never had any experience with that Interviewer: well it's primarily a dry land frog 255: I have hunted frogs uh, with a paddle and night with a light up in up in Michigan, Wolf Lake which is just outside of Detroit on summer i was up there for several weeks I went frog hunting two or three times and large frogs would jump a long ways Interviewer: mm-hmm uh that sounds interesting I've had no experience of that so um one thing I was wondering do you happen to know those things that you uh, that you dig for in a use when fishing 255: what? fishing {X} you can find them everywhere Interviewer: mm-hmm, you happen to know of any terms you'd call them? 255: no Interviewer: okay {NW} 255: I'm sure they have nicknames but I don't know them Interviewer: now you mentioned there was uh a turtle that went on land yesterday 255: yeah gopher Interviewer: right, and what about the type that you happen to know of any uh what you call the ones that go in the water? 255: uh, sea turtle is uh, what I would call them and uh they grow quite large and that's how they're different kinds cuz say they have alligator turtle that grows in freshwater ponds they have uh protruding tails six of oh six very inches uh and they, they're, they're almost like a snapping turtle, they'll bite you a gopher won't bother you at all has a very little tail that just sticks out a tail a little bit a sea turtle uh that's why I would think they're lazy turtle eggs and I've had, well I've gotten turtle eggs many times I've written on the back of those big turtles I've caught their eggs as I would let them down uh, they dig a hole and uh, I'd go up there and uh we'd rob the next egg she would lay and we lay three or four eggs at a time and we'd catch the eggs, and when they were finished, uh of course, uh, she would insist upon covering up the hole it was empty of eggs and patted the hole, good hole then you wouldn't have to go through the process before she'd start back through the water and then she would scour for the area for us to mislead somebody to finding the nest almost big as this room Interviewer: Amazing {NW} wow, uh, what about the kind of,uh thing you find in fresh water streams it's got claws and when you turn it over on awry it sometimes swims away backwards 255: swims away backwards crawfish? Interviewer: mm-hmm um 255: listen, look, Louisiana, I don't really have a, they eat crawfish a good deal and they they, seven to ten pounds here years ago and they're delicious fry, deep fry 'em Interviewer: Uh, the type of insect that flies around uh a light and tries to fly into it and when you grab it uh, powder comes off on your hands 255: moth? Interviewer: mm-hmm 255: yeah Interviewer: you happen to know of any other names for it? 255: no Interviewer: okay 255: moth Interviewer: what would be the plural of that? 255: moths, I imagine {NS} Interviewer: what did you say uh the plural of the 255: moths, I imagine {D: words} Interviewer: and uh, what flies around uh with a light in its tail at night 255: lighting bugs that's the common name for it Interviewer: uh and um long thin body insect with a very hard beak and two pairs of shiny wings and it hovers around damp places and eats it's own weight in mosquitoes 255: a mosquito hawk dragon fly Interviewer: what kinds of uh stinging insects do you know of? 255: well wasps and uh I've been stung by wasps, I've been stung by uh yellow jackets and I've been stung by bees Interviewer: what about uh 255: and I've um I haven't been stung by these I I would think that these little scorpions {x} I think they would bite you put paws in your chest Interviewer: what about uh the kind of insect that builds up paper nests you know the size of a football and trees sometimes you can find it in your ledge sometimes 255: been hanging from a tree or what? Interviewer: yeah, it's a, it's like a papery ne- uh, nest that they 255: it's a wasp? build nests like that and uh and uh particularly the see, what is another name wasp uh {X} he shot into a nest one time and they came after us, I mean they ran us down and stung the devil out of us it just where we were and herded us up and I don't know I don't know wha- what uh they don't call that wasp they call it something else, I can't think right now Interviewer: did you ever hear that kind called uh hornets? 255: hornets, yes it is Interviewer: is that what you were thinking about 255: yes, that's right, that'd be hornet's nest that'd be good Interviewer: mm-hmm do you happen to know the different uh kinds of wasps that you'd have 255: no, no, I wouldn't know much about that Interviewer: mm-hmm what about uh let's see, you were talking about yellow jackets uh do you happen to know the uh 255: there's a wasp that blows uh mug dauber, they call it mug dauber's lake that uh and they the house um or a particular forsaken house and um lilies {x} mug daubers i think we'd call 'em, nicknames for 'em. Interviewer: Did you uh I think uh I don't know if you mentioned this type of uh bug that flies around at night and it it bites you all the time and it sometimes carries Malaria 255: Mosquito? Interviewer: Right. and uh the small insect that uh that burrows in your skin and raises welts 255: uh jiggers uh red bugs Interviewer: mm-hmm what uh, what are the uh, what are those insects that are uh some of them are green and some of them are brown that hop along the grass in summertime 255: grasshopper? Interviewer: and the small uh fish, there's a, there's a small uh, very small type of fish that they use while times of freshwater fishing they use it for bait 255: well there's a meadow where there's a, there's another name frog, guppies uh and some other name for small fish, I don't know it Interviewer: what do you call those things that uh stretch across the corners of like your room if you haven't cleaned it and all or in a barn or something and it uh 255: spiderweb? Interviewer: is there any other names that you happen to know for it? 255: no Interviewer: okay and uh the part of the tree that's uh goes underneath the ground is called a 255: root? Interviewer: did you ever uh gather any special type of these uh things or ever go out #1 digging # 255: #2 you mean like for medicinal? # Interviewer: uh yes 255: uh oh not much but i have but just uh not seriously but I've been with people who would be digging medicinal roots which used to be quite a a man here did a lot of uh exporting of that he he had a random business he can call it randomly and it had all these old types of roots and he would have different oh he'd get a variety {x} different variety of medicinal roots and drove to our swamp here and uh he knew how to find 'em and dig 'em, and dry 'em and send 'em off {NS} Interviewer: did you happen to recall any of them? 255: no let's see no let's see I I should be able to think of some of 'em Sassafras is a root i think make tea out of, the old folks did stomach aches um there's many medicinal roots i can't {X} Interviewer: uh the kind of tree that you tap for syrup 255: well tap a maple tree we don't have those down here though Interviewer: what do you call the place where you uh where there's a lot of rock maples uh growing where uh you get the sugar from 255: oh {NW} {NS} I think I would remember {X} I spent a summer in Hyde Park, Vermont and I I learned quite a bit about maple trees and what they call uh it's a funny name very odd name uh a bunch of maple tree is close I can't think of it right now if you mention it I'd tell you Interviewer: I think you used uh, may've used the same sort of uh term when you talked about uh the uh oranges down here they grow in a 255: the grove? no they don't call maple grove Interviewer: well they call it uh 255: something else Interviewer: uh sugar orchard? 255: {NW} Interviewer: or a sugar bush or 255: sugar bush, sugar bush might be the name but they have uh course they have uh {X} a sugaring off party, I attended one of those one time with the governor of uh the governor of uh from march Sherman Adams he was uh President Eisenhower's {X} Friday he was he was governor of New Hampshire at that time and he was over to this party sugaring off party in Hyde Park, Vermont there was an American forestry meeting one of their national meetings and he was there for that purpose and uh {X} they had it with uh they had maple syrup frozen iced and you eat it with your hands and very good {X} that's uh, I guess maple syrup, frozen maple syrup is probably what it was Interviewer: um, I was wondering, you happen to know the type of tree with broad leaves uh which are, I don't know if you have them down here but they're shed um they shed all at one time and a bark that peals when there are little uh knobs or balls and with a tough wood used for chopping blocks. 255: no I Interviewer: there's a white, scaly bark on it 255: I mean, I've seen groves of those up in New England uh but uh, they uh {X} think of it later but they they use them for pulp or just wood stock they use them for pulp but Interviewer: mm-hmm 255: and um I can't think of them right now before the wood come off Interviewer: how long, I was wondering, how long have you been up in New England or did you go up there? {X} 255: well of course I visited {X} several times, but I spent the summer in Hyde Park uh at the Hyde Park, Vermont and uh. there's around the area they deal and then Canada and uh one thing I did, I followed uh they have uh a a custom up there of uh of uh {NW} sorry, country circuses like uh, can't think what they're called but {X} they'd go to Saint Johnsbury and Hyde Park in Burlington and uh uh {X} within a radius of thirty, forty miles and they'd have all sorts of things New England customs and food and things to sell very interesting, I enjoyed it horse racing particularly the {NW} sorry, uh, what do you call the racing the horse in the little wagon, little uh two-year-old {X} Interviewer: {NW} I heard I heard their horses were called trotters but I forgot 255: yes, uh, trot- that's right. trotters that's uh, trot- trot- trotting races they called it Interviewer: I was wondering uh did you ever happen to {x} about that tree you may have seen up there or is that never referred to as uh button wood ball wood 255: I've I've heard of people talking about button wood but I really I couldn't describe. I never saw them, but no Interviewer: #1 think # 255: #2 I just need # Interviewer: How about sycamore? 255: No, not sycamore here, no Interviewer: uh-huh okay, uh, I was wondering do you happen to know the different common kinds of trees in this community 255: this community? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: We have uh oak trees, live oaks and uh, and water oaks and we have uh of course several different kind of pines long leaf pines, short leaf pines, {D: celeste pine}, jack pine, sand pine and uh, the trees that have gum, sweet gum and eh red gum as opposed to red gum, the gums a good furniture stock and they made furniture out of that and there's some mahogany here small a cypress tree, many cypresses here um the um Interviewer: I was wondering, the kind of tree that uh George Washington was known to cut down you know that little #1 cherry tree # 255: #2 cherry tree # the wild cherry grows here yeah Interviewer: what what did you say that was? 255: wild cherry Interviewer: uh-huh and the kind of tree he cut down? 255: cherry tree Interviewer: you have one out back there? 255: uh, is one one's growing back there has sprung up a wild cherry and there's some all over here, they they don't make much of a tree though it makes uh a sort of a bush Interviewer: uh, the shrub whose leaves become very red in the fall and uh which is poison to some people do you happen to know that name? 255: oleanders oleanders are poison to some people but they don't they do not they have all sorts of colors blue and white and Interviewer: #1 red # 255: #2 red # Interviewer: guess one that say like it grows all in the road or by fences and uh like you know it in the fall the leaves turn real bright uh red uh 255: I don't know I you're talking about is uh grow in the woods there the uh, uh {D: words} oh dear, I can't think of the name {D: words} my tongue now {NW} they're pretty easy, turns red this fall they're bushes, they're not trees Interviewer: mm-hmm and there there are small clusters of berries 255: that's right, that's right can't think of the name Interviewer: mm-hmm, and uh, uh you ever heard of uh, the the Indians used to call them there's an Indian in there that called them uh poison uh 255: Poison ivy? #1 no, uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: words} # 255: Poison oak? Interviewer: mm, it starts with an S 255: sassafras no i don't know Interviewer: uh you ever hear of sumac 255: oh yeah that's what turns red that's that little bush that turns red, the sumac Interviewer: {NW} 255: but yeah, that's what it is. I couldn't think of it Interviewer: Any kinds of uh bushes that no, you you've already said that uh do you happen to know of the different kinds of sumac, you happen to know 255: No, I don't Interviewer: okay, uh {NS} 255: I've got some nice forestry books here that I've never looked at very much it tells all of that information {NW} Interviewer: yeah, and what about you mentioned something about uh the different kinds of uh uh well you mentioned something about poison ivy you happen to know any different kinds around here? 255: no, but there's uh uh poison ivy, I think it has five leaves just a little far to the I've never run into it myself I've avoided it but the people who've got been stung by poison ivy are nothing but sad Interviewer: do you happen to know any names of the local berries around here? 255: huckleberries? Interviewer: #1 any # 255: #2 that's a # nice blue berry uh the edible berries you mean? Interviewer: yes I don't know anything but the huckleberry edible berries uh uh how about some- sometimes 255: that's strawberries, that's a cultivated thing you speaking of wild things, aren't ya? Interviewer: uh, and cultivated too. 255: of course strawberries are cultivated extensively here huckleberries are not cultivated but they've {X} blueberries Interviewer: what about the kind of berries that have uh a rough surface on them and they're red some are red and some are black but they're usually uh red 255: you're speaking of grapes right? Interviewer: no, they they got a rough rough sort of bumpy surface on them and they're about that big and they grow a lot of times on uh i think they grow on a vine and uh some people 255: #1 call them # Interviewer: #2 you think they grow in this area? # 255: what makes you think they grow in this area? Interviewer: I don't know {NW} I was wondering uh 255: I can't I can't think of the name if it was mentioned I would Interviewer: Okay, uh, raspberries 255: we don't have any raspberries here that I know of Interviewer: alright okay uh now do you happen to know any uh the any type of um, berries that would uh grow in the woods that are not good to eat and if and if they uh could kill you, you would say there are 255: uh poisonous uh who said that uh you're not speaking of a chinaberry. that's a that's a sort of a tree and used to be all the chinaberry trees here but not many now, but there's some but uh there are berries in the woods that I'm sure the grow there's uh that are edible, but I don't know them Interviewer: um, I don't know if they have these down here or not I don't think so there's a tall bush uh with clusters of beautiful pink and white flowers on them and it blooms in the late spring 255: not oleanders Interviewer: I think these grow on the mountains 255: flowers you have Interviewer: #1 yes # 255: #2 there # Interviewer: there there are flowers they have 255: uh, laurel not laurel? Interviewer: uh-huh 255: they have bay trees who grow here in the in the uh swamps here great many of them, they have uh uh a white bloom and then of course they have the magnolia trees we have many magnolias they do a big tree and they're good wood, good good sill for timber {NS} Interviewer: now let's see, yeah, you were talking about uh, the magnolias, right 255: yeah, there are several different kinds of magnolias here Interviewer: and then there are uh then there's a type of uh a tall bush with {NS} {X} okay, now, uh, there's a type of bush that's uh with much bigger, larger uh, longer stems and these usually grow way up in the mountains too i think you mentioned it too you ever hear of the the you ever hear of Rhododendron 255: oh, yes rhododendron. They grow rhododendron down there oh boy, beautiful Interviewer: okay, now, if um a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she might say, well i must ask my or I must ask which is referring to 255: ask her husband? Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh, let's see i was wondering uh what are the different terms that you use to call uh your father when you were a little boy? 255: poppa i never called my father Dad I always called him poppa I notice my wife calls her father dad Daddy or dad Interviewer: what about uh 255: and my children call me poppa P-O-P-P-A my granchil- everybody calls me that, all my grandchildren call me poppa Interviewer: and I was wondering, what did you call your mother? 255: Uh, mama M-A-M-A Interviewer: and uh, what did your uh, what did the other boys usually call their parents? 255: my fa- my family? Interviewer: Yeah, in your family or other families 255: well, they uh, all my all my brothers called them the same thing I did and they uh uh all the old, mostly old times families called him poppa as I recall, all my old relatives {X} all those old-time folks always called their father poppa, mama, poppa and mama. Interviewer: Uh, and I was wondering, do you happen to know any uh affectionate terms that you might've called uh, your father's father 255: no, I called my father's father grandpa and my mother's father grandpa Interviewer: mm-hmm um, I was wondering, do you happen to uh have any special pet names uh for a child? like uh, you might say, you say he is uh a cute little 255: rascal? but uh I don't say that, let's see we no {X} I have no pet names for my children that I know of and uh Dora just just like in the show the other night of of uh {X} uh William Allen's {B} daughter Mary {B} {D: words} I saw it on television he called her uh a boy's name who father ought to know oh dear {D: words} Interviewer: uh, there are some things that are on wheels that you put a baby in and it'll lie down in there 255: a baby carriage is one name and they have other names for it we have one upstairs right now big and big, white Interviewer: what about the type is there any special type that had eight to ten inch wheels with a cowl or a hood 255: {X} the one we have upstairs has a hood over here {X} my wife calls it another name but I don't. I call it a baby carriage it's a little bit more than a baby carriage it's the name that she calls it denotes something more luxurious than a baby carriage Interviewer: a buggy? 255: no Interviewer: coach? 255: no Interviewer: okay, uh, a lot of times you'll uh you'll put the baby in the carriage and it go out and {NS} and let's say like when you're when you go out 255: strolling or taking a take a walk? Interviewer: mm-hmm right and uh, then if you, what do you do with it when you take it up like when you put the baby in and you go out and blank it or if you might say I'm going to uh light the baby or wet the baby uh 255: Give the baby an airing {NW} uh Interviewer: okay, that's good okay uh 255: go for a walk with the baby in the baby carriage no particular name Interviewer: how would you say your children range in age? 255: Patricia was born uh not quite two years after we were married. We were married in thirty-two uh she was born thirty-four and Dabney uh my his name from me. Junior. We called him Dabney. uh, his uh. He's uh not quite two years younger than Patricia Interviewer: and you would say Pa- Pat- Patricia is uh 255: Patricia right now is uh Interviewer: is the what if of the of your children 255: she's the daughter and the oldest child She's she's forty let's see, thirty-two Anissa's seventy-five, seventy-seven that's thirty-five years forty-five years Patricia's about forty-three years old an Dabney's about forty forty and {X} and then uh Teddy we lost a lot of babies in the beginning and Teddy came seven years later He's thirty-six now and then we had another baby that uh My wife was in an accident and when he when he was born, he only lived a couple days She she was injured and she injured the baby Interviewer: {X} 255: and that was uh three just three children of many Interviewer: mm-hmm I was wondering about uh uh Teddy uh out of all your children, Teddy is considered to be the what of all the children 255: the youngest Interviewer: and of {NW} 255: Charles is his name. Charles Edward Interviewer: and let's say uh of your children you have uh boys and 255: {NW} boys and girl Interviewer: #1 {X} # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: okay and um {NW} when a woman is going to have a child you would say she is 255: pregnant? Interviewer: {NW} 255: her family {D:words} Interviewer: Do you happen to know of any other terms that you would use for that? 255: um, woah there are a lot of semi-vulgar terms that I hear people talk about but I wouldn't use {X} I've heard all sorts of expressive terms Interviewer: you wouldn't say anything like she got herself uh 255: no Interviewer: okay um and if you don't have a doctor deliver a baby the woman that you might send for is called a 255: midwife? Interviewer: any other names? 255: {X} I don't know Interviewer: any older names that that people older than you would use? 255: um, no. Cuz mammy is a different category a midwife is I think I I don't know of any other names besides midwife or Interviewer: and if a boy ah and if a boy and his father have the the same appearance you would say the boy what 255: resembles his father? Interviewer: mm-hmm are there any uh set uh for instance are there are there any Minorcan terms for that 255: I don't know of any. There may be but I don't know of any Interviewer: do you ever hear of uh peentat 255: who? Interviewer: peentat 255: no Interviewer: okay 255: {D: teentot?} Interviewer: uh P-E-E-N-T-A-T. Peentat. 255: no I've never heard of that {X} Interviewer: uh if a mother has looked uh uh has looked after three children until they grow up, you would say that she has what the three children? 255: raised raised the children Interviewer: to a naughty child you would say, you're going to get a 255: spanking? licking? spanking I would use, my wife would use Interviewer: uh anything you would say in particular to a small child? 255: all I would say is I used to say all the time. if you don't {X} Imma take you out to the woodshed that was an expression used a good deal take you out to the woodshed not too long, take them out and give them a whoop a licking out in the woodshed Interviewer: mm-hmm 255: and my my grandchildren, I tell them that and they just laugh at me when when you gonna take us to the woodshed {X} when we gonna go? Interviewer: {NW} uh, I wondering uh, let's say it uh for instance there was a boy by the name of Bob. He's five inches taller this year. Then you would say Bob has what a lot in one year 255: grown? Interviewer: and you would say to to him, you certainly have what big you certainly have 255: grown? Interviewer: mm-hmm, right. 255: you certainly have grown this past year Interviewer: or you might say my how you've 255: my how you have grown you just just still say that Interviewer: and then you would also say that Bob came up so fast that you almost see him 255: uh-huh the boy came up so fast you said? Interviewer: yeah came up so fast that you could almost see him 255: I don't know what other growing is used see him see him growing Interviewer: mm-hmm okay uh a child that's born to an unmarried woman is called a 255: an illegitimate child or some uh common expression be called a bastard Interviewer: any jesting names about that 255: beg your pardon? Interviewer: any jesting names? 255: what do you mean jesting names? Interviewer: uh, you know things that names that you might used uh joking about it 255: oh Interviewer: any names you heard by other groups they call that let's say like the blacks they might have a name for it 255: you know what I've heard different times people uh but I wouldn't I wouldn't appreciate that and I wouldn't like to hear any of those uh. I certainly don't have any in my memory or {X} {NS} Interviewer: okay, uh. now as we were talking um the next one um, Jane is a loving child, but Peggy is a lot 255: troubled Interviewer: or if if she's even better than Peggy you would say Peg- uh Jane is a loving child but Peggy is a lot using the same word uh like if you would say let's say Peggy's a lot better than Jane, you would say Peggy, Jane is a loving child but Peggy is just a lot 255: worst uh or just uh uh is is is is a problem child is what i would use for that Interviewer: #1 yeah # 255: #2 category # Interviewer: or if Peggy is a good child and really a nice child and let's say that Peggy's better than Jane and you would say Jane is a loving child, but Peggy is a lot 255: better? Interviewer: mm-hmm 255: yes Interviewer: or 255: a lot worst i see what you mean now Interviewer: yeah and using the word in the uh using the word of forming the word love you would say Peggy is a lot 255: well Peggy is a bad child you were speaking of #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 no, is a good child # Peggy is a good child and you just used the for 255: oh Interviewer: forming the word 255: #1 Peggy is # Interviewer: #2 love # 255: is uh a loving child or Interviewer: a lot 255: better? uh I don't {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay # on the next your brother's son is called your 255: my bro- my brother's #1 son # Interviewer: #2 son # 255: is called my nephew Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh a child that's lost it's father and mother is called a 255: orphan? Interviewer: a person well you know a lot of times when you when you take a child to a christening and the person that holds the child you know when you go up with the priest #1 and # 255: #2 yeah # Interviewer: the person that holds the child and that is supposedly responsible for the child what is that #1 person called # 255: #2 the the godfather # Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh then if the uh the pers- if let's say if the person is uh in a if the parent's have died and he's taken them over and he'd be considered his legal 255: {X} Interviewer: or like the person who takes care of the orphan would be considered his legal 255: guardian Interviewer: and a woman who uh let's see where {NW} let's say uh you happen to mention talking about your relatives a while back, do you happen to know of any other terms that you would call your relatives 255: jokingly i call my country cousins those that are out in the country and uh uh the uh well we use the term oh he's a distant relative or he's a near relative Interviewer: okay and then uh if I say you let's say if there's uh another Palasear that moved from California and you never knew him you know and you know that he is uh that he-that let's say uh someone may come up to you and say that you have the same family name uh and but he but the person doesn't look a bit like you you would say, I'm actually 255: anybody with a Palasear name I always claim them as a relative at first it's the safest thing for me they did around here Interviewer: #1 okay well # 255: #2 to be # {X] related to them just about Interviewer: #1 but let's say if if he really wasn't # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 and if the person had that # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if the person had changed his name over during his lifetime and you you'd say, well uh uh then you would say well and you know that that person isn't and you'd say I'm actually 255: uh because I haven't changed my name I wouldn't be saying, I'm actually uh not a Palasear is that what you #1 trying to know to know # Interviewer: #2 no or the person or the person you know # that you would say well he's actually 255: I don't know what I'd #1 say # Interviewer: #2 the person said you know # you're of the same family and you know he isn't and then you would say, no he's actually 255: I don't I have no I have no statement I would make to that. I don't know what you want me to say Interviewer: mm-hmm um 255: there's a lady in in Elmira, Ohio who wrote me has the same name as my mother Josephine {B} Interviewer: mm-hmm 255: and uh we corresponded a little bit. I know what she wanted. She wanted some information. I gave it to her she said she'd been over here uh her father, he comes from Spain and uh and that's not unusual because there's while there are most of the {B} in Minorca there are a lot of {B} in Barcelona's Interviewer: mm-hmm 255: uh and Catalonia in particular and Barcelona many {B} dozens of them spelled the same exactly Interviewer: let's say if they uh that those people didn't spell it the same as you do #1 what would you call it # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if they didn't spell it but it sounded the same what would you say? 255: I don't know what uh that is true. I know some people who spell their name differently Interviewer: and if let's say if they aren't #1 what would you say? # 255: #2 I don- I have nothing to say about them # I don't uh no point in my #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 would they be would they be # of uh a part of your family? 255: no I wouldn't think so unless they were Interviewer: then you'd say they would be 255: a relative, is that what you're trying to get? Interviewer: or if they aren't? 255: they're not a relative is that what you're speaking trying to seek or they're not related, we're not related I see Interviewer: mm-hmm and then you would say, I'm actually no okay uh and then if someone comes from out of town and no one has ever seen him before you would call him a 255: stranger? Interviewer: and it would make and it would make uh. Would it make any difference uh from how far he came? or if he was 255: well jokingly there there's a subject of conversation if people come from uh Georgia or Alabama you can almost tell by their their talk and you might see a strip {NW} he's probably a Yankee that's what we'd say to him meaning coming from New England or north of the Mason Dixon line Interviewer: that's funny uh what what would you call a person from another country? 255: foreigner? Interviewer: mm-hmm uh would you use the word foreigner in uh is relating someone uh who's not from another country? 255: no, you wouldn't say that {X} Interviewer: uh, George Washington's wife's name is 255: Ann Rutledge? Interviewer: mm Georgia Washington's wife? 255: Martha Washington Interviewer: mm-hmm 255: Martha Rutledge was the uh Lincoln's uh was Lincoln's wife I think Interviewer: mm-hmm a nickname for uh Helen would be Interviewer: Uh this is side two of the fifth reel. Uh we've just completed page uh we've just started on page ninety of the first item we've just completed the first item we're on the second item now. 255: {NS} {X} Interviewer: Thank you. Okay now you have mentioned we were talking about {X} being uh spooked. People uh what do people um what do people think when they see at night uh th- that frightens them they're all in white what do they call them? 255: Ghosts? Interviewer: Mm-hmm any other terms? {NS} Or a place where these where these ghosts might live what would you call that? {NS} A structure that they live in? {NS} 255: Haunted house? Interviewer: right um {NS} uh {NW} and then someone might say better put on a sweater it's getting blank chilly. 255: Quick chilly? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} #1 Or if it's # 255: #2 Very chilly? # Interviewer: Yeah or if it isn't of any degrees at all it's just getting 255: Cold? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Or just a little bit you might say it's getting blank chilly. {NS} 255: A little chilly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if if you um if you say I'll be going if you insist but I {NS} or if you have a choice you might say I'd blank do this than that. 255: I'd rather do this than that. Interviewer: And then if if you don't wanna you'd say I'd blank do this and that. If you don't want y- you'd just say 255: I refuse to do this. Interviewer: Yeah I'm using that word rather you'd say I'd blank do this and that. {C: airplane passing by} {NS} 255: I won't do this or that. Interviewer: Yeah or using the word rather you would say {C: airplane passing overhead} 255: I'd rather not do this or that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} {NS} What do you say to a friend you haven't seen for some time? {NS} Like what would you say to 'em? You know old friend and you'd see them for some time what would what would your first reaction be? Or how would you express your feelings about seeing 'em? 255: I just think that this is exactly what I would do or have done many times. I'm so glad to see you I'd shake hands sometimes I'd hug them girls or boys. Interviewer: That's good. 255: The {NS} Interviewer: And then you might say he owns five hundred acres how much land would that be? 255: Almost a section. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Six hundred and forty-eight is in a section Interviewer: And then you say that's a blank of land. 255: That's a lot of land. {NS} it's a forest. He'd have a five hundred acre forest. Interviewer: You ever use the word right smart? 255: Yes occasionally. #1 I wouldn't use it very much but I've heard it used {X}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: Yeah right smart. Interviewer: Can you give me examples? 255: Let's see {NS} {X} fish biting uh down {X} creek right smart. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 And uh # uh yeah. Interviewer: Would you say that's a right uh smart opinion or right smart money or trouble or good luck or bad luck? 255: Uh let's see {X} you'd say {X} that's smart money you could say that. He has uh uh how many cattle does he have {NW} That's pretty not very practical but {X} right smart where the cows range Some people use it too much. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Okay. And if you wanna uh wanna say something stronger more than en- enthusiastic you would say yes you would say ye- instead of saying yes you would say {NS} like you know instead of saying something to you know to {D: or from} something very strong and you would say more enthusiastically than yes you would say 255: Absolutely or no question about it. That's true le- let's see there's no question about it th- that's true. or {X} {NS} Interviewer: And then if I say to you uh can you really do that? Uh let's say like uh {D: banking} or something like that and uh you know might be sorta cynical and I would say can you really do that? And then you and then you might say or I might ask eh {D: and you know} or I might even c- continue to ask you and say you think you can do that? You would say I 255: I do or I can. Interviewer: And if you're definite about it you 255: (NW} I'm pretty certain. Interviewer: And uh {NW} I was wondering if you wanna be very polite to someone uh that you would say just instead of saying yes what would you say? 255: Well depending on the question you're asking now versus ask- Interviewer: If you were saying it to an older man uh you know when you were a young kid and you would just you were trying to be very polite and instead of just using the word yes #1 and let's say {X} remember when you were a kid uh and they used to do this to me they would say yes what? # 255: #2 Yeah yeah. # Yes sir. Interviewer: And then if it was for a woman you would say 255: Yes ma'am. #1 Oh I always said that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm uh-huh. # 255: But my people made me say that. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # If somebody had stared uh in intentionally disliked going somewhere you would say he blank dreaded or hated that place. 255: He hated to go to Savannah. Interviewer: Right. Or you might just say he blank hated the place. 255: He absolutely hated the place. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If it wasn't just a uh if it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was blank cold. 255: It was very cold. It was Interviewer: Uh-huh. If your mother cooked something you like you might tell her it's good or emphasize it you might say Ma that's blank good or you'd say mother or your mom #1 Ma that's # 255: #2 That's really good. # Interviewer: uh {NS} 255: Pumpkin pie was really good. Interviewer: You happen to know any different expressions you might say that when you're excited? {NS} 255: {NW} Very excited you may say all sorts of things. Interviewer: Let's say like you when you were {D: present} in a bank and someone decided to open up an account with you and uh just after you finish this account he opened up a uh a five hundred million dollar account with you. {C: laughing} And you know just after he opened up that account you walk back into your office what would you say? 255: Glory be. {NW} I would say we really landed a big one. Interviewer: That's good. Um and uh let's say if you might say you're a little peeved at yourself for doing something what would you say? {NS} 255: Um I'd say I'm ashamed of myself it was real bad Interviewer: #1 Or an expression you might say? # 255: #2 Uh # Interviewer: {X} aw 255: I'd kick myself {X}. Interviewer: When something uh shocking uh is reported perhaps uh attributed to you you might show a kind of polite resentment by saying why the 255: Why me? Or why. Interviewer: Why the blank why the {NS} 255: Huh. Interviewer: Or if you if you decided if you make up something and you and it just came to you you ever see those little things they used to have used to place in I think in {D: PB} they used to {D: a pump} people's heads like a little light bulb they would resemble they would just have a certain bo- they would call it an 255: Hmm. flash uh Interviewer: Yeah or something like that and when they just get it you know just illuminated and they think that's my when you're in a dinner sometimes in a dinner has an 255: {NW} Interviewer: Starts with an I. {NS} {D: When you're uh} when someone says why the idea 255: Why the idea? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: I wouldn't say that I wouldn't think that eh to what que- {X} Interviewer: Well if something shocking was reported and they said something about you would you say why the idea? 255: No I would never say that no I'd say I might say eh many other things but I would say why the idea #1 The oh the I see how you're using that. The i- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 255: -dea that you'd think of such a thing. Interviewer: Right. 255: That that way that context yeah. Interviewer: Yes if you meet someone um what do you say uh by the way of greeting or asking about their health? 255: Well commonplace and how are you feeling today is pretty commonplace Interviewer: {NW} 255: statement. Interviewer: #1 And when you're # 255: #2 I hope you're well. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when you're introduced to a stranger you might say what might you say ask him? 255: I'm glad to meet you and Interviewer: #1 or wha- # 255: #2 I hope you plan to stay a while. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh wh- wh- what question might you ask 'em? like it was something about it's something like um how are you. 255: Oh. Uh {NS} Well you wouldn't get too personal with a stranger I mean Interviewer: #1 Right so then what would you say? # 255: #2 You w- you would say I hope you're in good health or that you # you take that for granted. Uh we're glad to have you here. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Or that that you're in our city. {NS} Interviewer: #1 They used to have uh # 255: #2 Hope you stay a while. # Interviewer: Right and then there was something where they where some people used to stand up {D: at least have this in an English} uh movie I think {D: they used to always say} and how? 255: Do you do. Interviewer: Alright. #1 {NW} # 255: #2 {NW} # You're an actor. Interviewer: Yeah uh do a little of that myself. 255: You do a little dramatics I'm sure. Interviewer: Mm-hmm used to do it in high school. If you have uh enjoyed your visit you might say come 255: come back to see us? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you might also say to 'em I hope you'll 255: come again? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh there's a how do you greet somebody on December twenty-fifth? 255: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Any other greetings that you know of? {NS} 255: I hope you have a happy Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What might you say uh on the first of January? 255: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Uh-huh anything you might say by way of uh appreciation? {NS} besides thank you? {NS} 255: Well I would say I hope you will have a a good year hope you will have good health. Interviewer: Uh-huh and then when somebody gives you just a present on your or just a present on no special occasion you might say much {NS} or I much 255: I mu- I I appreciate it very much. Interviewer: It starts with an O. {NS} How about uh obliged? 255: I'm much obliged to you. Interviewer: {X} {NS} uh If you say someone uh if you're not quite sure whether you have or have not you say I blank I have time. 255: I think I have time. Interviewer: And uh and then sometimes you might say I have to go down to do downtown to do some 255: errands? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if you're going to the store you're gonna do some 255: Shopping. Interviewer: And if you made a purchase the storekeeper took a piece of paper and you might say if you went into a a butcher shop you took the the meat that he put in the 255: paper sack? Interviewer: #1 Right and you or sometimes before you # 255: #2 Or he wrapped it. # Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 255: He wrapped it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh when you get home with a package you would say I #1 with that package you would get home what would you if you wanna # 255: #2 {X} # I would tell my wife I I I I brought some meat for supper. Interviewer: Uh-huh and what would you do what would she do with the meat? 255: She'd put it in the refrigerator. Interviewer: And when she was gonna use it for supper? 255: Take it out and unwrap it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Cook it. Interviewer: Right. And uh if you had to sell for less than you paid you would say I had to sell it {NS} 255: #1 {D: You're selling something then?} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah when you # #1 when you'd sell something for less than you paid. # 255: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: You would say I had to sell it 255: at a loss? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you admire uh something but don't have enough money to buy it you'd say I'd like to buy it but it 255: Too expensive. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 Above my # allowance. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and then you might say #1 sure that's a nice tractor but I can't buy it because of what? # 255: #2 Can't afford it. # Interviewer: Or you might say because it blank too much. 255: It's too much {X} Interviewer: Or uh if uh the price is too high you might say #1 it # 255: #2 It's too expensive. # Interviewer: Or it might it blank too much. 255: Cost too much. Interviewer: Right. {NW} And when it's time to pill pay the bill the bill is {NS} or like when you um for instance uh {NW} when um like you know like {NW} when's when you used to you were saying when you went down it was time to pay the bill uh at the store what would that time be called? The bill is 255: due? Interviewer: Right and when you belong to let's say like when you belong to the rotary club you'd have to pay the 255: dues? Interviewer: And if you haven't any money uh you've got an uh you have to go to a friend and try to 255: #1 Borrow some money? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 255: Borrow some. Interviewer: And you remember the banking business uh when uh when you have to gently refuse a loan you might say money is #1 Or you know during the thirties they had this a lot. # 255: #2 {D: Help I need a sketch.} # Interviewer: Right. And {NS} And {D: then} let's say um you were talking about um when you went let's say like a kid's at a pool and he ran down the springboard and what in? 255: Jumped in? Interviewer: Or another #1 term. # 255: #2 Dove in? # Interviewer: Uh-huh. and lots of ba- b- lots of boys blank off the high board. 255: Lots of boys followed him up the high board. Interviewer: Yeah or they might 255: Uh lots of boys. dove in off the top board. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And then the boys let's say oh we might also say lots of boys blank off the high board. 255: #1 Jumped off the high board. # Interviewer: #2 Right and using that same word that begins with D. # Lots of boys blank off the high board. 255: Dove off the high board. Interviewer: Nine or ten uh blank off it already this afternoon. 255: Nine or ten dove off the board this afternoon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} {X} When you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a 255: Belly buster. {NW} Interviewer: That's good. {C: laughing} If a boy puts his head on the ground and kicks his feet and goes over you would say he turns a 255: Somersault. Interviewer: When he gets uh across the river you would say he uh dived in and 255: Swam across the river. Interviewer: And children like to blank in the big creek. 255: Swim in the big creek. Interviewer: And I have to blank there myself. 255: I have to Interviewer: #1 And I have blank there myself. # 255: #2 And I have # uh I have s- now you're getting me see. Interviewer: Right. #1 {NW} You can say anything that comes to mind {C: laughing} # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 It's no right or wrong answer. {C: laughing} # 255: #2 {NW} # I've been swimming there before. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's right. And I have what there before. # 255: I swam there before. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And I have I have what there before? 255: Swam. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and when you buy something to pay your bill storekeepers will give you a li- oh we've already talked about that 255: {X}? Interviewer: Yeah. You don't know any other names for that? 255: #1 Uh that's the main thing {X} to get the groceries. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Someone who is caught in a whirlpool and didn't get out you would say he was 255: Sucked in? Interviewer: Mm-hmm or he you know he was got or he got what? Or he was let's say yeah and he was sucked in and what happens to a person who who just who goes down under and he doesn't come up for a long time until he's I mean he's almost dead or so and you would say he was 255: Nearly drowned? Interviewer: Mm-hmm or he was if he was definitely? 255: He was drowned. Interviewer: And if he and then you might say he got he got 255: Oh he got drowned? Is that what you meant? Interviewer: When a baby uh what does a baby do before he is able to walk? 255: {X} tree? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} You saw something up a tree you wanted to to take a closer look at it so you went over to the tree and 255: Looked up. Interviewer: Or if you went #1 up a beg pardon? # 255: #2 Climbed up? # Climbed up the tree? Interviewer: And it would be a hard mountain to 255: Climb. Interviewer: My neighbor blank gla- blank it last year. 255: My neighbor climbed my neighbor climbed it last year. Interviewer: But I have blank a mount- but I have never blank a mountain in my life. 255: I have never climbed a mountain in my life. Interviewer: If a man wants to hide behind a low hedge he's got to {NS} 255: Get low? Interviewer: Or if a child wants to trick you he might hide behind a couch and and he would uh he'd go back there and blank down. 255: Lie down. Interviewer: #1 Or if he's like # 255: #2 Squat down? # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What they what are they what are any other names? Got no any other names for it? 255: About the child? Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 {NW} Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 You mean what the child he would squat down or lie down or # Interviewer: And uh she walked up to the altar and she a lot of times during the mass #1 you can do that just a lot a lot of times. # 255: #2 {X}? # Interviewer: Lot of times in during the mass you know if you'll get down #1 where there is {X} # 255: #2 Kneel down. # Interviewer: Hmm? 255: Stop at the altar and kneel down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And if you're tired you'd say I'm going to blank down in the bed. 255: Gonna lie down in the bed. {NS} Interviewer: And then you might also say I'm going to blank down in bed. 255: I'm going to lie down in bed. Interviewer: Okay. And he was really sick he couldn't even sit up he just blank uh bed all day. 255: He just rem- he he remained in bed all day. Interviewer: Or you'd just using that same word. 255: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Or you'd just say he just blank bed all day. 255: Well I wo- I would say he lied down all day. Interviewer: Or he just blank in bed all day. 255: Remained in bed all day. Interviewer: Or you were just saying one of the words. 255: Hmm? Interviewer: You're saying that one of the te- tenses of that word. 255: Oh. Interviewer: Started with an L. 255: Yeah. Interviewer: He just blank in bed all day. {NS} Starts with an L. 255: L? Interviewer: Uh-huh. You just said it a while back. 255: He eh Interviewer: #1 He just blank in bed all day. # 255: #2 He he he he eh # laid in bed all day. He Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And often uh uh talking about when you're you know sleeping and all I just wanted uh during you're uh when you sleep you often what? 255: Dream? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and often when I go to sleep I okay never mind. And but I can always remember what I've 255: Dreamed of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm any other words for that?? 255: Yeah. Interviewer: And then you would say I dreamed I was falling but I just or just as I was about to hit the ground I 255: Wake up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and I dreamt so and so and you'd say I dreamt so and so and all of a sudden I 255: Wake up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you bring your foot down heavy on the floor like this {NS} what were you doing? 255: Stomping or stamp- stamping or Interviewer: And then you might say don't blank so. 255: Don't stamp so. Interviewer: Right. And um {NW} If a man meets a girl at a dance and he wants to go home with her you would say may I 255: Take you home? Interviewer: Any other expressions? 255: May I accompany you home? May I walk you home? #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Or you could say can I # 255: Go with you uh no I don't think you'd say that. Can I escort you home? Interviewer: Right. Uh when your car was stuck in the mud you would ask somebody to get behind the car and give you a 255: Push. {NS} Interviewer: If you carried a very heavy suitcase a long distance instead of saying I carried it you would say I Starts with an L. {X} you would say instead of carrying it you would say I {NS} 255: Lugged it? Interviewer: Right or or any other names? Like yeah that grocery sack uh sack of groceries and you didn't have a car so you picked it up and 255: Carried it home? Interviewer: Right and so using carried you would say 255: Pulled it uh toted it home? {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh if some children come into the house and start playing with the things on the table and you are afraid that they're not going that they're going to break something you would say to them don't #1 In a lo- # 255: #2 Don't touch 'em. # Interviewer: Beg pardon? 255: Don't touch don't touch anything or Interviewer: Uh-huh and if someone came in and wanted to was fiddling around the little kids were fiddling around with that #1 uh with the statue you have in there you would say don't # 255: #2 Yeah. # Don't break it. Interviewer: Or you would just use the word before that. Don't {NS} if it's 255: Don't touch it. Interviewer: Yes. uh {NW} if you need a hammer you would say to me {NS} 255: If I need a hammer I'd say what to you? Interviewer: Well what would you tell me if you're if there's a hammer in the corner and you'd say and you're and you had a bunch of things that your hand that you're handling and you would say uh and if you need a hammer you would say to me what? 255: Bring me the hammer. Interviewer: Right. 255: Hand me the hammer. {NS} Interviewer: Alright. Um so when you're playing tag what is the tree against uh which children can holds their hands and be safe? 255: Home base. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And in outdoor games uh when you play let's say like uh in um in hock- in yeah or in hockey or football what would you call that? You know the thing that they try to kick the uh football over 255: Yeah. {C: laughing} Goal? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other names terms for that? For goal in games or anything outdoor games a base? Goal? 255: Well uh in football soccer or hockey I guess I would say I no I I don't know what other name besides goal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when you throw a ball you ask somebody to {NS} 255: Pass it. Interviewer: Uh-huh or sometimes you used to go outside and say well let's play 255: Catch? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then you ask somebody to okay and then I threw the ball and he 255: He caught it? Interviewer: And I have been fishing for trout but I haven't 255: Caught any. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then I might say let's meet in town but if I get there first I'll 255: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Or you might s- # 255: #2 Let's meet in town if I get there first # I will wait for you at the drug store. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh {NS} 255: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: A child wanting uh wanting to get out of a spanking or let's say like a student who uh thought that a test that it was a test you failed wasn't fair might say give me a or you might say please uh give me another 255: Chance? Interviewer: Right. Uh {NW} if a man is in very good humor you might say he is a a very good 255: Sport? Interviewer: Right. {D:I wonder} how they say that. {D: I messed that up} okay. If you wanna if you have hired a man who keeps on {D: loafing} all the time you might decide to discharge him and you would say to a friend of yours I think I'm going to get 255: Rid of him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Uh then you might say he didn't know what was going on but he blank he knew it all. 255: He thought he knew it all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If someone stole your pencil 255: {NW} Interviewer: and what is {C: laughing] what is a slang word you might use you might say who blank my pencil? 255: Who who stole my pencil who took my pencil. Interviewer: Or a slang word. 255: Uh swiped my pencil. Interviewer: And a man let's say somebody somebody's got a smile on his face and has a pleasant word for everybody you'd say he seems to be in a good 255: Demure. Interviewer: {NW} I hadn't forgotten about that but I but now I 255: I hadn't forgotten about that but now I realize I can't do it. Interviewer: Right and then if you haven't forgotten that you would say I #1 Instead of forgetting what's the opposite of forgetting? # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What's the opposite of forget? {NW}? 255: {X} Didn't forget. Interviewer: Uh-huh and to think of something is to 255: To think of something is to Interviewer: Or to recall something you would 255: Memory? #1 {NW} Uh memory. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And then you would say I hadn't forgotten about that but I but now I 255: Remember it. No I hadn't forgotten about it now I will do it? #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And you might say to me well you must have a better memory than than I because I sure 255: I surely forget it. Interviewer: Or the opposite. 255: You would would see myself a better memory wha- if you remember it Interviewer: Right and to say a negative phrase in there you say but I sure but I sure 255: Remember it. Sure I forgot it. Interviewer: Yeah. And if if if you if you you use the word remember there that I sure 255: #1 Sure will do it is that what you you're {D: giving me?} # Interviewer: #2 Or to recall that that # Or to not recall you would say that I sure Well you must have a better memory than I #1 because I sure # 255: #2 I don't recall doing that. # Interviewer: Uh-huh or instead of using recall you would say well you must have a better memory than I because I sure 255: I sure don't remember it. #1 I sure # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Uh {NW} you you would say um I have just blank him a letter. 255: I have just sent him a letter. Interviewer: Or if you're just before you said it I have just #1 blank or before you mail it. # 255: #2 Mailed him a letter. # Interviewer: I have just #1 blank # 255: #2 Written him a letter. # Interviewer: that beg your pardon? 255: Written. Interviewer: And uh yesterday he blank me a letter. 255: He wrote me a letter. Interviewer: Tomorrow I'll 255: will write him a one write him a letter. Interviewer: And I expect him 255: Answer soon. Interviewer: When you put um the letter in a in an envelope and then you take your pen you take your pen and 255: Address it? Interviewer: Right. Anything else you might say? Or among older people? 255: Oh instead of address? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: I uh Interviewer: Or you might say um I want to write or I want to write to someone. Do you know his 255: Address? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If a little boy has learned something new for instance if he has learned to whistle and you want to know where he has learned that you would ask him who 255: Who taught you to whistle? Interviewer: If someone asks you if you're if you've put up with uh if someone asks you if you've put up with that new fen- if you put up that new fence you would say no but I blank pretty soon. Or you might say when are you going to Miami? Then you would say right now we're blank next Wednesday. 255: {NW} Right now we're trying to go next Wednesday. Interviewer: {NW} If a child if a little boy has done something naughty and a girl saw him do it the little boy might say now don't you go and and 255: Tattletale on me. Interviewer: Any other words for that? Uh {NW} don't go squeal on me {C: laughing} Does does tattle mean the same thing as gossip? 255: Mm not necessarily tattletale is telling somebody some something somebody actually done did and you eh telling their mother about it and gossiping is probably saying something that's not true. Interviewer: {NW} Would tattletale be used {D:around but not completed) uh among uh about adults? Tattletale would be used mo- by mostly children. Mm-hmm. 255: And eh maybe gossip would be used by adults. Don't go gossiping about what I told you. Interviewer: Hmm if you wanna uh a bouquet for dinner for the dinner table you would go out into the garden and 255: Picks some flowers. Interviewer: {NW} And uh something a child might play with different names oh yeah something that a child might play with. #1 {X} # 255: #2 A ball a doll. # Interviewer: A whole category of it? 255: Beg pardon? Interviewer: #1 A whole category? # 255: #2 oh. # Uh toys? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Different names for the uh for something you'd buy and something you'd make at home you know the different types of toys that you'd buy and those that you'd make at home. 255: Yes homemade toys and store bought toys they'd call um #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Would you ever use the word play pretty? 255: no Interviewer: Anything that might be called a toy um a toy gun? 255: Did I play with a toy gun as a child Interviewer: #1 yeah # 255: #2 yeah # Sure #1 many times {X} times. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # If something happened that you're excited that that you're ex- that you expected predicted or were afraid was going to happen for example a child hurting himself while doing something dangerous you might say 255: I told you so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Especially after someone comes in. #1 and tells you that it happened then you would say # 255: #2 Right. # I told you so. Interviewer: Or if you thought something you would say I 255: I warned you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or using the word know I using a one of the word know in there K-N-O-W I I blank it? 255: What you mean after the accident has happened? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: #1 The child comes in # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # and you use the word know in there. 255: You know I told you not to play on that. Interviewer: Yeah and then you would thinking about that and you would say I blank it. 255: I told you so. Interviewer: Or if using the word know in there you would say I I blank it. 255: #1 I don't get the # Interviewer: #2 or the or a form of the word know. # to know the verb to know I blank it. Okay uh {NW} {NW} {NS} and then I might say that's the book you 255: Give me? Interviewer: Right and then I might say uh {NW} about something I'll blank it back when I finish it. {NS} 255: Give it back when I finish it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: I'll return. Interviewer: #1 Right and # 255: #2 {X} # Interviewer: because you have blank me so many other good books to read because you have 255: Given me so many other good books to read. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} I'm glad I I carried my umbrella we hadn't gone far we hadn't gotten a a got we hadn't gone a block when it 255: Started to rain. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} I must've blank ten or fifteen it must've blank ten or fifteen minutes ago it must've 255: Started ten or fifteen minutes ago. Interviewer: What time does the show 255: Begin. Start. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Why aren't you out of breath I wou- might ask you and then eh yeah uh let's say why are you out of breath? I was feeling so happy I blank all the way home. 255: Ran all the way home. Interviewer: Horses gallop but people 255: Run? Interviewer: We have a blank meal every day this week. We have a oh w- we have blank a mile every day this week. 255: We have run a mile every day this week. Interviewer: Yeah I can't see some of the words on here okay. If you didn't know where a man was born you might say where does he blank from? 255: Where does he come from. Interviewer: And you might say he blank in the train last night. He blank in on a train last night right. 255: He got on the train last night #1 or he slept on the train last night. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm or you might say he blank # in on a train last night. If the man had already arrived you might say he blank in on the train last night. 255: He came in on the train last night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you might say he's blank to our town every yeah he's blank to our town every month this uh wait 255: He's come to our town every month this year. Interviewer: Right. Um you might also say I hope to blank you again. #1 {X} # 255: #2 I hope # I hope to meet you again soon. Interviewer: Or if you're looking at the person you might say I hope to blank you again soon. 255: See you again soon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you might say we've blank so little of you this year. 255: We've seen so little of you this year. Interviewer: {X} to say I blank her outside a few minutes ago. 255: I saw her outside a few minutes ago. Interviewer: And then you might also say he can't get through there the highway department's got their machines in and the roads are all 255: Blocked? Interviewer: Mm-hmm or if it's if they raise the road and if they went down with a big uh and they 255: Yeah. Interviewer: chewed up the road what would they call it the road's all 255: Under repair? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if the co- roads the road's under repair what would you call that? 255: The construction? Interviewer: Mm-hmm or if I might uh if for instance if I might've a been calling a bunch of uh dynamite and the dynamite fell out and it blew up on the road wha- what would happen to the road? #1 Or it uh # 255: #2 It vanished. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm or if I might take a shirt and I would just do this with the shirt and I would destroy the shirt I would what 255: Tear it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} And uh the opposite of {D: uh let's see} if someone would give you a bracelet and then if someone if you gave someone a bracelet and say to her why don't you like you wanna #1 {X} right. # 255: #2 Put it on? # Interviewer: And uh or i- getting a an or if it's getting a little chilly you might have a sweater and you better #1 forget that. # 255: #2 Put it on? # Interviewer: Right and then you might also say my sister can blank that. 255: My sister can do that. Interviewer: And then you can also say can you can you blank that? 255: Can you do that? Interviewer: And you could say sure I've blank that all my life. 255: I've done that all my life. Interviewer: {NW} And then you could also say uh I might ask you what's new and you might shrug your shoulders an- and shake your head and say 255: Nothing. Interviewer: Right. {NW} Uh {NW} then he's then he'd say oh I thought you said opposite of nothing is 255: Something. Interviewer: Right. {NW} I heard of blank things. I've never heard of blank things. You could also say I've never heard of blank things. 255: What is he talking about what is his conversation? Interviewer: Well if you're talking about a whole bunch of things that happened and let's say we're talking about the world today and all sorts of problems happening #1 and you would say well I've never heard of blank # 255: #2 I've never heard of such a thing. # Interviewer: Right. {NW} And uh I think you've already said the next question. Oh here's one. How long have you been living here? And then you might say ever blank I got married. 255: Ever since I got married. Interviewer: {NW} And then you could also say it wasn't an accident. He did it 255: On purpose. {NS} Interviewer: Um then you could also say uh I don't know you better blank him. 255: I don't know you better blank him? Interviewer: Yeah I don't know you better blank him. 255: I don't know you better forget him. Interviewer: Or if you wanted to find out something about uh if you wanted to find out some information and somebody came up to you and you didn't know and you thought that the next person knew you would say well I don't know you just better 255: Go ask somebody else. Interviewer: Right and if you talked about that person over there you say I don't know you better 255: See him. Interviewer: #1 Or usi- # 255: #2 Ask him. # Interviewer: Right. {NW} And then you might also say um why have you blank me that several times before. 255: Why has he asked me that several times before. Interviewer: And then you could also say why you've you've blank me that several times before. 255: #1 You've asked me that several times before. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Then you could also say boys like that like to #1 you know they do this # 255: #2 Fight. # Interviewer: Right. Okay {NW} uh he's hmm {NS} If I take a a big long uh thing you know they're like this what am I doing? Or if I take over somebody and I take a big long thing and I'm going like this. 255: A dagger? Interviewer: Right or and if I take it it could be anything in particular. 255: Yeah. Interviewer: And I take it and I do it in the back of the person. 255: you you stick 'em in the back. Interviewer: Right and what do they call the whole action? 255: You attack 'em. Interviewer: Right. And if I take a dagger and if I uh if I plug somebody right here would I be doing with them? 255: You'd be uh you'd be {NS} stabbing them. Interviewer: Right. What are the different um types of knives that you know? {NS} 255: Uh butcher knife pocket knife. Uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 255: #2 Machete? # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And there's a let's say a funny picture on the blackboard the teacher ask who blank that. 255: Who drew that. Interviewer: And if you were going to lift up something like a piece of machinery on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to blank it up. 255: Pull it up? Interviewer: Or another word would be? 255: Haul it up. Interviewer: Starts with the same letter. The H. 255: Hmm. #1 You're {D: holding it upstairs} you mean you're putting it upstairs? You're # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # {NW} Or you usually use it with machinery on a roof and you have this {D: block and tackle} and you put it up there and you just whole bunch of people get together and they 255: Would they pull it? They I don't know what the- They hoist it? {NS} Interviewer: Okay well someone who can't take a joke without losing his temper you would say uh he is mighty 255: hair trigger no? Mighty Interviewer: Or somebody who loses his temper with the least little thing that goes wrong here. Interviewer: {NS} Okay this is uh side two of the {C: background noise} fifth reel. We eh just ended talking about a person who is considered uh he's at a party and he just can't take a joke and you tell him a joke and he just he's you know the type of guy who just gets angry at the first first time y- you tell uh you make a joke about him. What type of person would you call that? 255: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: If he's very sensitive what would you call that type of person? {NS} 255: I'm sure there's a word for that I would know very well but I just can't think of it. I know the opposite c- certainly. Unreasonable? No. Interviewer: You ever hear the word testy? 255: Testy yes I would say that. Interviewer: Dreadful? 255: Uh I think uh {X} be what I would use there must be another word Interviewer: How about uh feisty? 255: Feisty yes that's the word I wouldn't use but that about that would would cover it to some extent. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How about short patient? 255: Yes short #1 short patient. # Interviewer: #2 Okay if I was kidding about him and I didn't know # uh he would get what. 255: Angry? Interviewer: Okay. And if he's got if he's If he ha- if he has a uh a bad temper all the time he's {NS} 255: Crotchety? Interviewer: Okay. Somebody's about to lose his temper you would tell him just 255: Cool your peace or keep your mind or let's see just {NS} Interviewer: Okay if you are very very tired you would say you are all 255: In. {NS} Interviewer: Um. {NS} When you uh when you're in you would say he let's say our p- person is Uh you have no any other terms for that? 255: I'm tuckered out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or when a person is all tuckered out you would say he's uh {NS} or I'm completely 255: Exhausted? Interviewer: Okay. Um. If a person has been quite well and you hear that suddenly he has some disease you'd say just last night she {NS} 255: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or uh if she is sick today and started last night you'd say last night she blank sick. 255: She got sick. Interviewer: Okay. Do you happen to know are there any Minorcan terms for someone who is let's say well let's see {NS} yeah a person who is uh where do y- where do you usually get sick? #1 Sometimes if # 255: #2 Stomach? # Interviewer: Right. 255: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 In your stomach. # In uh you happen to know any uh Minorcan terms for a pain in the stomach? 255: No. Interviewer: {D: Mpatchka?} 255: Never. Interviewer: Or uh {D: Sankrisa?} 255: No. Interviewer: Okay. Okay but let's say if this person were sick and then you say but she'll be up again by {NS} 255: She'll be up again soon. Interviewer: Or you would say but you don't have to worry uh he'll be well again 255: Soon? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Or we'll get there 255: Early? #1 Or soon or late. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # We'll get the work done {NS} 255: {NW} We'll get the work done before we leave or we w- we will get the work done soon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If a person sat in a draft and began to cough last night he 255: Caught a cold? Interviewer: Right. Uh and if his uh if it affected his voice you would say he is 255: Hoarse? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then you might say I have a little {NW} {C: coughing effect} like that. 255: Tickle in my throat. Interviewer: Or if I had a cold and I uh constantly did that I had a 255: Cough? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then sometimes some people say I'd rather go to bed I'm feeling a little 255: Queasy? Interviewer: Or if they're okay and they're just so tuckered out you would just say I'm feeling a little 255: Weary? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or if it or if it just late at night and it constantly happens to people and you just {NW} {C: yawning effect} just yawn and you say well I feel a little 255: Tired? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And then when people go to bed they what do they do? {NS} 255: Depends on how old they are. They go to sleep. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then th- just before you go to sleep you feel 255: Sleepy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. At six oh clock um you might say I'll 255: Get up? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh he's been sleeping or you might say he's been sleeping better go like if it's if it's eleven oh clock in the morning and the guy is went to bed at nine oh clock the night before and then you say well he's been sleeping just better go and 255: Wake him up? Interviewer: Right. If the medicine um okay now let's say another expression if the medicine is still uh by the patient's bedside you might ask why haven't you blank your medicine. 255: Why haven't you taken your medicine. Interviewer: And the patient might answer I blank some yesterday. 255: I took some yesterday. Interviewer: And now I'll blank some #1 more later on. # 255: #2 I'll take some tomorrow. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you can't can't hear anything at all you would say you are stone 255: Deaf. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you've been working hard and you take your wet shirt off and say look how I 255: Look how I'm sweating? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh a discarde- a discharge discharging sore that comes to a head is a 255: Boil? Interviewer: Right. When a boil opens the stuff that drains out of it is 255: {NW} {C: laugh} {X} had boils they had carbuncles by the dozens for several years when I was young Interviewer: #1 And what was the stuff that came out? # 255: #2 I don't # A lot came out too. Interviewer: What is it called? 255: I don't know {X}? {D: Uh fetid fetid} it's a corruption? Uh something else what else I can't think of another name. Interviewer: If you have got some infection in your hand so that your hand got so big that it ought to be it ought to be uh you se- you would say my hand 255: Big as a barrel? Interviewer: Right or but if it got bigger it ought to be you would say my hand {NS} 255: Will bust? Interviewer: Yeah or if yo- if you burned your hand and you burn the whole thing and it's not really charred but it it just starts to get bigger what's it what's it do? 255: Swelling? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then you would say my hand 255: Is swollen? Interviewer: Right. Uh a bee stung me and my hand oh we already said that. Uh it's pretty badly {NS} 255: Still my hand? {NS} #1 My hand is uh still uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Pretty badly. # 255: Uh. {NS} Swelled? I mean you're speaking of na- It's spilling out. Interviewer: Or you might say it probably won't what much. {NS} 255: Probably won't get any worse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you get a blister and the liquid that forms under the skin is called {NS} 255: Water? Interviewer: Uh-huh. In a in a war a bullet goes through your arm you would say you have a {NS} 255: Wound? Interviewer: Uh-huh. A kind of skin skinless scrub in a wound that that's got to be burned out {NS} Okay the what kind of flesh grows in it? #1 Like um # 255: #2 Proud flesh. # Interviewer: Beg pardon? 255: Proud flesh. Interviewer: If you get a little cut in your finger what do you uh what do you put it into uh to in order to prevent 'em uh infection? 255: S-C thirty-seven or alcohol or #1 something of that nature. # Interviewer: #2 Or the brown liquid that stings? # 255: Yes that's uh uh {D: Povidone} iodine. Interviewer: Right. If it if it is uh been given sometimes as a tonic for malaria then it would be or something uh th- there is something that they used to use uh 255: {X} Interviewer: Right. {NS} Do you happen to know of any um 255: You haven't you've never taken any {X} have you? Interviewer: No {C: laughing} 255: Ah. Interviewer: #1 I never I never had that. # 255: #2 That's {D: spring} you take {X} # uh to keep the fever down if you're having malaria fever. Interviewer: That's interesting. Huh I di- I never really needed that much I mean Emory has a medical school there but never got around to that section. Uh {C: background hammering} are there any uh crude and humorous ways that you would talk about uh if a person died. 255: Person died? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: Well I would hear all sorts of things {X} yeah. {NS} Checked out. Interviewer: What would you call a place where people are buried? 255: A cemetery. Interviewer: Uh what do you call the box that people are buried in? 255: Vault. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 255: #2 Coffin? # Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 255: Coffin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: A coffin a vault. Interviewer: {NW} {C: cough} What is the cere- uh ceremony at the cemetery called? 255: Funeral service. Interviewer: If people are dressed in black you would say they are in ` 255: Mourning? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Some people somebody asks you on an average day how are you feeling you'd say {NS} 255: Uh {NS} {X] or you could say better or you could say I'm doing quite well or you could say uh like I say quite frequently {NS} uh what's th- what's the expression I use I use uh tolerable. I use that quite frequently just jokingly. {X] ah I'm tolerable. #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # If uh if the children are out late and uh your wife's getting a bit excited you'd say they'll be uh and you might go to her and you'd say they'll be home alright the- just don't 255: Worry? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh the disease of the joints is called 255: Rheumatism? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 255: #2 or arthritis? # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: When I was younger it was rheumatism and now it's arthritis. Interviewer: Oh wow. That's interesting. 255: Everything it- when your joints hurt when I was a little fella the older people oh my rheumatism my rheumatism and it was the same thing {X} arthritis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's interesting. Um in the ti- in speaking of diseases I was wondering the type of uh disease a very uh that you'd have a very uh sore throat with blisters inside the throat. 255: Scarlet fever? Interviewer: Yeah and then there was the disease where children used to choke in the night 255: Whooping cough? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh or around world war one thereafter they uh used to give people the #1 the # 255: #2 Flu shots? # Interviewer: or the the uh Schick test in order to see if they needed shots or {NS} 255: Influenza? Interviewer: Or a disease that uh a disease that you hardly ever heard of now uh because they have given shots for it but it uh #1 used to kill lots of children they used to choke to death. # 255: #2 Polio? # Uh what's it called? Interviewer: Uh 255: Uh choke to death oh diphtheria. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: Oh yes my gosh I was when I was young they that was a frightening thing {X} diphtheria and they'd put a sign contagious and you had to stay away from that a long time. Interviewer: Wow that's interesting. Yeah I heard stories but I never really 255: {X] diphtheria in the in the neighborhood they helped come put a big red sign over the door quarantine diphtheria. Interviewer: That's interesting. #1 And the people weren't allowed to have any contact with anybody? # 255: #2 And then they had to be then the- the people who were inside would take care of their child. # It was usually a child's disease. They would have to uh wash their hands and take all sorts of precautions um protect themselves and keep and keep children away all the children {X} disease and uh uh growing up it was not as likely to contract it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: So it was qui- oh that was a bad thing diphtheria. {NS} Interviewer: Uh when your skin in your eye valves turn red you're getting {X} when they turn yellow pardon me when they turn 255: Jaundice. Interviewer: Right. Uh when you have a pain and it's right here and you have an operation it's uh 255: Appendix? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what do you call uh the operation? 255: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Right. #1 Do you remember the # 255: #2 Appendectomy is the operation. # Appendicitis is the di- is the disease I guess or the affliction. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you remember what people used to call it before they knew it was appendicitis when people used to die of it? {NS} 255: Course if they let it go it would bust and s- and cause uh kill you pretty quickly. Interviewer: Do you happen to know of any Minorcan terms for sicknesses? 255: No. Interviewer: How about uh {X}? 255: No. Interviewer: When you eat and drink things that uh don't agree with you and they come up and yo- you say you 255: #1 Oh you mean if y- you throw up you mean? # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 255: Oh. Sick of my stomach? Interviewer: Right. What was that? Beg your pardon? 255: Sick of my stomach. I'm sick of my stomach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If a person's pretty bad this way you might say he was leaning over the fence and 255: Vomiting? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If she hardly uh got the news when she c- uh when she came right over or if she hardly got the news when she came right over {NS} or when she came over ri- okay and um this one of those fill in the blank sentences. She hardly got the news. When she came right over {NS} 255: Oh she hardly got the news and she came right over to help? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 255: #2 To # Interviewer: And when she relates that news she came right over 255: {X} Interviewer: Or uh if a woman's been speaking on the phone across the street and she heard some news that she wanted to tell you And she came right over and she said and then you might say she came right over 255: Uh with gossip is that what you're trying to get? Or uh news or what. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or a form of talk. 255: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Came right over. # 255: And spread the news. {NS} Interviewer: If you invite somebody to come and see you this evening and you want to tell and you want and want to tell them that you will be disappointed if he hasn't come you'll say now if you don't come I 255: I'll never forgive you. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 Or- # 255: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Or you might say uh if he doesn't come I blank disappointed. 255: If he doesn't come we'll be very disappointed. Interviewer: Or if you just say yourself I #1 I okay. # 255: #2 I will be disappointed. # Interviewer: If you're going uh to be glad to see me you would say we blank be glad to see you. #1 Oh you already said that. # 255: #2 We would all be glad too see you. # Interviewer: If you do it uh okay and then if you say if you do that again I'm going to {NS} like if you're like saying to a child you say if you do that again I'm going to 255: I'm gonna spank you. Interviewer: Right. Uh if a boy is beginning to pay uh serious attention to a girl he is 255: Flirting? Interviewer: Uh-huh and if he's a little bit more serious than that he is 255: Courting? Interviewer: Right. Any other terms? 255: Huh. {X} around would be sparking. Interviewer: That used much around here? 255: N- no but it wa- when I was young it used they used to do that quite a bit. So uh um Peasant way of talking was that that is uh he we- he's he's out sparking. Interviewer: {NW} {C: laugh} {NS} Uh and and uh let's say what would you c- um what would they call him after after he is uh he is her what he is the girl's 255: Uh beau? Boyfriend? {NS} Interviewer: And she is his 255: Girl? Sweetheart. {NS} Interviewer: A boy comes home with lipstick on his collar and his little brother says you've been {NS} 255: You've been courting or you've been kissing. Interviewer: Other t- are there any other terms? Old-fashioned terms? {NS} 255: Um {X} Interviewer: If she ask um ask her to marry him and she doesn't want him what do you say uh she did to him? 255: Turned him down. {NS} Interviewer: Uh also a man to a woman. {NS} 255: Uh {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if a girl stops letting her boy come over you would say she {NS} 255: If a girlfriend stops her boyfriend from coming over to see her Interviewer: Yeah. #1 And that they were engaged and all of a sudden she # 255: #2 Well she {D: jolted} him that certainly could be used there. # {NS} Or she {NS} Interviewer: And if she accepted they would be 255: Married. Interviewer: Are there any uh humorous terms for that? 255: Well sorts of terms for marriage get hitched and all that business but that's that's so common. Interviewer: A wedding the man who uh who stands up with the bride is the besides the uh besides the u- the the the man who's being married you know to her the man. 255: Well of course he's the best man for the groom he would be by the bride. Interviewer: Right. 255: #1 He by the best b- by the groom he'd be by the groom yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay by the groom right {X} you know the groom. # Other terms for that? #1 Or any old-fashioned # 255: #2 Stood up for # He stood up for me? He I use that quite frequently he stood for me. Interviewer: And the girl that stands up with the bride is the 255: Maid of honor? Or Uh a number of names for it uh attendant but maid of honor is uh {X} Interviewer: A noisy burlesque band playing that comes round to the house after a wedding is a 255: Shivaree? #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # 255: Well I don't have guys they don't have shivarees but they used to when I was young. They give shivarees to Y- you don't give shivarees to people that they're married. You give a shivaree to a man who's married a second time. Interviewer: {NW} 255: You don't give it to 'em when they're first married. Interviewer: Is there any Minorcan terms for that? 255: Uh well uh {NW} well I'm sure there would be. Yes I'm sure because {X} The {X} people used to do it all the time they'd give a shivaree they'd take pans and beat 'em and make noise and all sorts of things they'd come in the house and just have and then they'd eat have food to bring food somebody would bring food and they'd eat it and drink but they would give a man a man who is married a second time he'd get a shivaree but the uh the first time no. You just said when they get married is that what you were asking? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: Well I I don't think that's I think shivaree is a would would really only apply to the name the the name shivaree applied to a person who's married before I don't believe it's Interviewer: You ever hear the word {D: sansoresa}? 255: {D: Sansoresa} no that's probably a Minorcan word. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm.{C: laughing in background} # 255: #2 Sound very proper while I'm talking just like you. # It tickles him he enjoys that. Interviewer: #1 Uh if uh if you # 255: #2 {X} and he # he {X} and uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 255: #2 {X} # You go When I was young whenever my father and mother paid their monthly bill at the grocery store we always tried to go with them because the man would give us {D: kutra}. Some cakes or cookies or candy. It's it's {D: kutra.} {X} Interviewer: Any other names do you happen to know for that? 255: {X} Interviewer: And if I and then let's say also uh you might be somewhere and then you came back and you would say let's say you were up in Atlanta. 255: {NW} Interviewer: Uh uh let's see right we're gonna forget that one I messed that up. 255: #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Uh then you might say he blank the Browns. He lives blank the Browns. 255: Near? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: He lives near the Browns. Interviewer: Or if they're far away you would say 255: He lives uh across town from the Browns or he lives uh far away from the Browns he lives Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: #1 He lives uh he lives uh on the other side of the river from the Browns. # Interviewer: #2 On the other side of the mountain or something like that. # 255: {NS} Interviewer: If they uh let's see {NS} okay uh let's say if there was trouble at a party and the police came and arrested {NS} like you know they came and there was and there uh police came in and they stormed in a house somewhere and they arrested 255: #1 Everybody? or what's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. And what would other words you would say for that? # Or you know another word you would say they came and arrested everybody they could arrest would you call uh a group of {X} What would you call everybody? #1 Uh {X} # 255: #2 Arrested the whole group? # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Arrested everybody. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or a crowd of people. 255: Arrested the whole crowd. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do people uh what do young people like to go out by in the evening when they move around uh on the floor what do they like to do? 255: Dance? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Any various kinds or any names that you have that # 255: #2 Tango waltz two step three step. # Interviewer: If children get out of school at four you would say At four oh clock school does what 255: Lets out? Interviewer: After a let's see After a vacation uh they say when does school blank again? 255: Begin. Interviewer: {NW} {C: cough} A boy left his home to go to school and didn't show and didn't show he what 255: #1 The boy left home and went to school. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah he was gonna go t- he was supposed to go to school and he didn't show up for school but what did he do then? # 255: Played hooky. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about college or any things like that? Any terms they would say? 255: Uh he uh skipped skipped the classes. Interviewer: {NW} You go to school to get an 255: Knowledge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh you s- um it's the kind that the it's the kind of school where almost everyone can get a good what 255: #1 Education? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # After it uh {NW} {C: cough} after kindergarten you go into the 255: First grade. Interviewer: Other terms? 255: First grade uh you say you say are there other terms? Interviewer: Yeah right. 255: Uh Interviewer: #1 Are there older terms of # 255: #2 Primer? # Interviewer: Uh let's say if someone like at your uh when you're working in the bank and you came in what what uh what thing would you sit down at? 255: A desk. Interviewer: Right. And uh what's the plural of that? 255: Desks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where do you mail a package? At the what? 255: Post office. Interviewer: And if you stay overnight in a strange town you you stay at a 255: Hotel or motel {X}. Interviewer: And you see a play at the 255: Theater. {NS} Interviewer: And when you're in a hospital you're taken care of by you're taken care uh someone takes care of you is a 255: Nurse? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you catch a train at the 255: Station. Depot. Interviewer: An open place in the city where the green grass and trees grow 255: Park? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh one that's like if we go straight down the street and cross the bridge and right in front of Flagler what would you call that? Right there. 255: {X} Flagler college? Interviewer: Yeah literally there's a thing there's a thing in front of Flagler #1 college there is a whole open area what do you call that? # 255: #2 Yeah {X} # Uh {NW} {NS} Esplanade? {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 255: {X} Interviewer: {NW} {C: cough} {NS} Or a place at the center of the town round a courthouse what would you call that? 255: Square? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other terms? 255: That's a general term for the square. and well certain towns old towns particularly they always have a square at the center of town the courthouse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And where there's if there's a vacant lot at the corner and you go and you go across it instead of going around it on the sidewalk you're walking {NS} #1 Or- right. # 255: #2 Walking on the grass or are you walking or cutting # uh taking a shortcut? Interviewer: Right. Where two streets cross if a man starts out from one corner and walks to the opposite corner you say he walks how 255: {X} Interviewer: Right {C: laughing afterwards} If he uh cuts across the field instead of following the road how do you say he walked? {NS} Okay. Uh vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire overhead 255: Trolley? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you tell the uh bus driver the next quarter I wa- I want 255: To get off? Interviewer: Right. {NS} The uh cart the cat goes over the r- uh the door and meows and and the cat like you know the cat here r- runs out to the door and he starts meowing {X} 255: He wants to get out. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 255: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # {X} Interviewer: You're at uh Saint John's county uh {NS} {X} here at Saint John's county there is uh what is the center of it called? 255: {X} {X} County seat in Augustine. Interviewer: Uh who pays the uh postmaster the federal 255: Federal government? Interviewer: The police in town are supposed to maintain 255: Order. Law and order. Interviewer: Uh the fight between the North oh wait we already went over that. When they had uh the electric chair murderers were 255: Exe- electrocuted. Interviewer: And before they had the electric chair they were 255: Hung them. Interviewer: And the man went out and blank himself. 255: And the man went out and hanged himself? Interviewer: Yes. Albany is the capital of #1 what state Albany is the capital of what state? # 255: #2 Albany New York and # maybe some other I know New York. Interviewer: Annapolis is the uh capital of 255: Maryland. No. Annapolis let's see {NS} I guess it is. Maryland. Interviewer: Richmond is the capital of 255: Virginia. Interviewer: Raleigh is the capital of 255: North Carolina. Interviewer: #1 Columbia is the capital of # 255: #2 South Carolina. # Interviewer: Sherman oh you already mentioned that. Uh {NS} The volunteer uh state is 255: Tennessee. Interviewer: The show me state is 255: The what? Interviewer: The show me state is 255: Show me? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: Uh Oklahoma? {X} Show me show me state. Oklahoma doesn't seem to be correct. ```` Uh {X} Show me state. Oh that's up New England. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: Yes. Show me state. Interviewer: Jackson is the capital of 255: Of uh Jackson is the capital of Mississippi. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the Mississippi ru- river runs along what state? 255: It runs along uh Alabama. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 And for the um # 255: #2 Louisiana # and uh Iowa? Interviewer: #1 And saint # 255: #2 Missouri. # Interviewer: Saint Louis is in 255: Saint Louis Missouri Interviewer: Uh Little Rock is the capital of 255: Arkansas. Interviewer: The lone star state is 255: Texas. Interviewer: Tulsa is in 255: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Boston is in 255: Massachusetts. Interviewer: The states from Maine to Connecticut are 255: Huh? Interviewer: The states from Maine to Connecticut are 255: The states from Maine to Connecticut? {NS} {C: something dropped in background} Uh from Maine #1 to Connecticut you mean the New England states? {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh right. # Mm-hmm. 255: Let's see. Rhode Island. Uh Massachusetts. Maine. Vermont. New York. Connecticut. {NS} Let's see. Connecticut Massachusetts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Rhode Island. Interviewer: #1 That's good enough. # 255: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh the biggest city in Maryland is 255: Baltimore. Interviewer: The capital of the U-S-A is 255: Washington D-C District of Columbia. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh the biggest city in Missouri is 255: The biggest city in Missouri is Saint Louis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The oldest historical seaport in South Carolina is 255: Georgetown? Interviewer: Uh they speak uh Gullah. 255: Oh Charleston oh yes my gosh yes certainly. Interviewer: The biggest uh the big steel making town in Alabama is 255: The big steel what? Interviewer: Making town in Alabama is 255: #1 The the the big steel making town in Alabama # Interviewer: #2 Yeah steel making town in Alabama is # 255: Steel making steel making {X} I don't Birmingham. Interviewer: Uh okay and 255: #1 Spent some time in {X} # Interviewer: #2 the biggest city # Mm-hmm. 255: It's right next door. Interviewer: The big city in Illinois where Al Capone once ran the rackets 255: {NW} {C: chuckle} Chicago {C: laughing as he says this}. Interviewer: Uh the capital of Alabama is 255: Uh Montgomery. Interviewer: #1 What are so- # 255: #2 My my father's brother # My grandfather's brother was when he was a young priest He was a pastor over the Catholic church in Montgomery. Interviewer: {NW} And uh you happen to know of any um any of the uh different other cities in the Alabama? One on the Gulf for instance? 255: Mobile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The resort city of the western part of North Carolina 255: A resort city on the west part of North Carolina is Waynesville or uh Asheville. Interviewer: And the biggest city in east Tennessee? 255: East Nashville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They used to used to also have a railway named after that the one of the big stops on the railway. {NS} Or did you happen to ever listen to the uh maybe recall um the Andrews sister used the Andrews sisters used to have this uh they used to call it the what choo choo you know the song used to have 255: {NW} Uh the {X} #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 255: {X} {X} I don't remember the song though. {NS} Interviewer: It it's one of the larger cities in in Tennessee. 255: What are you trying to get the name of the town? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: #1 Y- you're trying to get the name of the # Interviewer: #2 Right uh the city. # 255: Louisville Kentucky is in or what what is it now you want now What are you as- in Tennessee and you want a large city? Interviewer: Beg pardon? 255: You want a large city in Tennessee? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: Well uh Nashville on the east. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: And uh and uh {X} Tennessee is a Memphis? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 255: It's the largest city I think is Memphis. Interviewer: And then there's another one? 255: Let's see Memphis Nashville uh Interviewer: {X} train stop. 255: {NW} {NS} {X} train stop well I'll be darned. Louisville is in Kentucky. {X} No. Well I just can't get there I'm sorry. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} The uh the city up in the mountains in North Carolina is 255: Well Asheville is in the mountains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: So is Hendersonville. Interviewer: There is one uh there's there is a place where they keep all the gold in the United States. The reserves. 255: Uh Interviewer: Or 255: #1 Fort Knox {X} to Nashville {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh and then uh no that that word # 255: #1 oh Fort Knox {X} in Tennessee yeah {X} I know Knoxville too. # Interviewer: #2 that that you okay # #1 {X} # 255: #2 I couldn't think of Knoxville. # But Knoxville is not as large as Memphis. Interviewer: Right. 255: And {X} Nashville either I don't think. Interviewer: The capital of the largest city in Georgia is 255: Atlanta. Interviewer: And the biggest seaport in Georgia 255: It's Savannah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The biggest city in southern Georgia is 255: #1 In southern Georgia. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 255: Macon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Fort Benning is near what town in Georgia? 255: Fort Benning is near what now wait a minute Fort Benning Fort Benning {X} {C: loud noise fades voices} Interviewer: And then the man who discovered America 255: Americus? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: #1 Y- you say the man who # Interviewer: #2 That's one of them. # the uh he was on who's ships under whose leadership? 255: What are you trying to ask me now the name of the you looking for a town? Interviewer: Yeah. 255: Oh. Interviewer: Man who discovered America you know. ` 255: {NS} Columbia? Interviewer: You're right and you get right and d- the man's name was 255: Columbus Georgia. Interviewer: Right. {C: background noise} Good. The biggest city uh in Louisiana is 255: New Orleans. Interviewer: Uh you're right and the capital of Louisiana is 255: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: The biggest city in southern Ohio is 255: #1 The biggest city in southern Ohio is {X}. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. {NS} And uh {NS} The biggest cities on the Ohio River are 255: Now the biggest cities on the Ohio River uh well of course {X} {X} {X} Saint Louis uh the in Ohio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: Let's see {X}. Biggest cities on the Mississippi. In O- in Ohio. Interviewer: In the ho- Ohio River. 255: O- oh. Interviewer: Ohio River. 255: Oh Ohio River. Uh. Cleveland? Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's good. And uh {NW} if somebody asks you to go with him and you don't and you're not sure you want to you say I don't know 255: If I'll go on out I don't know #1 I'm not sure I I'm not sure I will go. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} {C: cough} And then you say also I don't know blank I can do it or not. 255: #1 Don't know if I can make it or not. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Uh if you have uh a very sick friend and he's not likely to get better if somebody asks you how he is coming along you say well it seems {NS} well it seems like if you have a sick friend and he is not likely to get any better. 255: Seems like he'll not make it. Interviewer: #1 Beg your pardon? # 255: #2 Uh seems like he'll not make it. # Uh but it seems like he won't live long. #1 Seem like # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: cough} # 255: it's his last illness. Seems like Interviewer: Right. If you were asked uh to go somewhere without your wife you'd say I won't go 255: Unless Catherine is invited or Catherine goes. {B} {C: Beep should be here for the name?} Interviewer: Right. Uh if your daughter did not help you with the dishes you'd say she went off playing blank. 255: Hooky? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah or playing blank ins- uh blank #1 Helping me. # 255: #2 Playing sick or playing # Interviewer: Or she went off plain Eh uh plain helping me. Plain blank helping me. 255: Playing oh. She ran off uh {NS} without helping me uh. Interviewer: Or uh when {NW} {C: cough} you could have used help you might uh ask afterwards why didn't you sit around blank helping me? {NS} 255: {NW} Interviewer: Or why did you sit around blank helping me why did you sit around blank helping me? 255: Oh if you had to go why'd you eh wh- why'd you sit around helping me? Interviewer: Yeah why did you blank sit around helping me? Fill in the blank there. {NS} Or you might say uh a word that is used for uh the you know the mortgage means an alternative. Why did you sit around blank helping me? #1 Why did you sit around as an alternative to helping me? What would you say as a word for that? # 255: #2 {NW} # Why'd you why would you sit around waiting for me? Interviewer: Or ask you know like you might say why did you sit around as an alternative of helping me? So then if you were to instead of using the word as an alternative you would you'd instead of using as an alternative you'd use one word Why did you sit around blank helping me? {NS} Or if y- let's say if if you had if there was a if you went out and bought some kids some ice cream and there was this one kid and you forgot he said that he wanted nill- vanilla ice cream and he said you know he told you you wanted vanill- vanilla ice cream and you said okay I'll get you vanilla ice cream and all the kids chocolate ice cream {NW} and you mistakenly {C: cough} given one kid the vanilla ice cream cone you know another kid. And you and you went up to him and this you know this one kid who asked you for the vanilla ice cream cone 255: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: came up to you and said hey I didn't want chocolate I wanted vanilla. And you went up and you took his chocolate ice cream and you went up to the kid who had the vanilla ice cream cone and you say well don't you want this chocolate ice cream cone blank that vanilla ice cream cone? 255: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Any other terms you say? 255: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You wanted to switch don't you want this ice cream cone blank that ice cream cone? 255: Instead of that. Interviewer: {NS} #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # 255: #2 {X} {C: laughing while speaking, can't make out sentence) # {D: You was going all the way around the bush. Oh dear. {C: laughing} Why {X} {X} {C: laughing while trying to speak} {NW} Oh dear. Interviewer: A man is fun- uh a man is funny and you'd like him you say I like him {NS} 255: Very much. Interviewer: Yeah or if you wanted to say #1 the reasons. # 255: #2 Lots. # Interviewer: Why you l- liked him you'd say I like him 255: Because he's funny and because he's jolly and because he's nice. Interviewer: Uh you happen to know the names of the large Protestant churches? 255: Yeah. Interviewer: The largest the largest Protestant denomination in the south. 255: Baptist church. Interviewer: If people became members you would say they what. {NS} #1 If people # 255: #2 Baptists? # Interviewer: Yeah or if people became members of the church you would say they 255: Joined the church? Interviewer: Right. In church you pray to 255: You say on church? Interviewer: In church you pray to 255: God? {NS} Interviewer: The priest uh delivers a fine 255: Sermon? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The choir and the organist provide good 255: Music. {NS} Oh good uh good uh songs or music. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you uh if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church on Sunday morning you might say church will be over 255: Before I get there? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or you might say uh thought I had time I got caught in the traffic and uh and the post office and the post office was closed {NS} 255: Before I got there? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} {C: crackling noise in background} Um. {NS} {C: crackling noise in background} Interviewer: {X} 270: You want my middle name? Interviewer: Sure. 270: Gradinia. G-R-A D- N-I I mean I-N oh I-N I-A. {D: So} Interviewer: {X} 270: R-R E-L-N Interviewer: Okay. And what is this community around here known as? 270: Jackson Heights. Jackson Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 270: Heights. Interviewer: This is Tampa. 270: Right. Interviewer: And what uh county is this? 270: Hillsborough. Interviewer: Is this uh Hillsborough County a a stand for take up all of Hillsborough County? 270: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 270: {X} Interviewer: {X} {X} 270: Yeah. Interviewer: {NS} {X} Okay and you address here? 270: {B} Interviewer: And where were you born? 270: Tampa. Interviewer: Not a trick question, {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay and your age? 270: Eighteen. Interviewer: What is your occupation right now? 270: I'm working at community relations. {D: someone else} In between classes. {NW} Interviewer: And what is your religion? 270: Baptist. Interviewer: Can you tell me something about your education? 270: Well I um went through you know elementary, junior high, then I finished at a vocational school Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: In Interviewer: {X} 270: Tampa. Vocational technical high school. Interviewer: Okay. Can you tell me the names of the schools that you went to? 270: Oh so many. Interviewer: {NW} 270: Um {NW} first I went to uh Cottage Hill Interviewer: {X} 270: Uh-huh. That was first through third grade. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Then I went to uh {D: St. Peter Claver} That's the Catholic school. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 270: That was only for one grade. Fourth. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 they really # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: put it to you {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: And then fifth and sixth grade I went to Jackson Heights El- Elementary School. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Seventh and eighth I went to Franklin Junior High School. Then they started buses. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 So I went to # Interviewer: {X} 270: {NW} Horace Mann Junior High School for the ninth grade. Interviewer: Ninth grade. Okay. 270: Then tenth through twelfth I went to uh I'll make it short like Tampa Bay Tech Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Running out of space here {X} 270: It's called Tampa Bay Vocational Technical High School. But we call it Tampa Bay Tech. Interviewer: What do you do you take up a certain area of study? Or 270: Uh clerical {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. I just 270: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} Okay where was your um mother and father born? 270: My mother was born here. Tampa. Interviewer: Okay. And your father? 270: Uh Statesboro, Georgia. Interviewer: Oh Statesboro Blues. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The Allman Brothers sing that. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay, can you tell me something about your uh {C: inaudible speech} 270: my grandma she used to live around she she was born in Georgia. But I can't I think it's Evansville. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um she didn't finish school {D: you know how it is} Interviewer: Okay. 270: She's working in a {D: new house} {X} My real grandfather died before I could remember. You wanna know about my step-grandfather? Interviewer: Sure. 270: Um These are my mom's parents now. Interviewer: Yeah. 270: He he didn't finish high school and he was born in Georgia. And he's sick now but but before he was a a cook. Interviewer: Okay. What about your um father's parents? 270: Uh my other grandmother, she was born in Georgia also. {NW} Interviewer: A lot of people born in Georgia. 270: My grandfather was born in Georgia also. Interviewer: Okay. 270: My grandmother does housekeeping. Interviewer: {X} 270: My grandfather's dead but before he died he was um a mechanic. Interviewer: Do you remember anything about where uh when your parents first well not your parents but um anything about your ancestry? You know, where you came from from before you came to the United States? Can you think about that far back? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Well uh okay. Are there um um any major sections of uh Tampa? 270: Um there's West Tampa. Belmont Heights. Jackson Heights. Well there's Temple Terrace but I'm not it's not a part Tampa, it's it's another little town. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um you want to know about other areas surrounding Tampa? Interviewer: Sure. 270: #1 Okay # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 270: there's um Highland Pines that's out that way, {D: College} Village. Um {X} Town and Country. Davis Island. Hyde Park, that's about it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh what what are their boundaries, do you know? Like what streets where does it stop and another place begins? 270: Well the difference between Hyde Park and West Tampa {D: Cash Street} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: And uh Jackson Height and Belmont Height it's Thirtieth Street. Okay. Just past Fortieth down the street off of Twenty-First is Highland Pines Fifty-Six is Temple Terrace out that way Um College Village is is off of Seventy-Eighth Street. Um trying to Temple Terrace is straight out of Hillsborough, just way out in Hills- Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 270: #2 borough. # 270: I mean not Temple Terrace {X} did I say Temple Terrace? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: I meant um Town and Country. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 270: {NW} That's I can't think of anything else Interviewer: Okay. Um where are most of the main um offices and big banks located in Tampa? 270: Downtown. Interviewer: Okay. Um is there another section um where most of the office buildings are other than downtown? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay where are like the oldest and largest stores in uh Tampa? Like real old, must've been here since way back? 270: Downtown. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NS} they're moving out though, it's mostly business downtown. Interviewer: Uh-huh. They going mostly out to malls 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: and stuff? {NS} Okay. Um okay are there any uh neighborhoods that can be identified with uh certain nationality groups? You know like the Greeks? Or any 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {D: close to here and} {X} here and 270: Well Interviewer: {X} 270: Ybor City is mostly Cuban. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Spanish. Um {NW} that's about you know where I could say because most everybody live this way and that way so um if I say {NW} you know most of the black people live like in the center of Tampa. And like the the whites {NW} are you know on the outside. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Mostly are most of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um are there any uh uh religious groups that you know are off to themselves like Catholics over here and uh Protestants over here? Jews some place else? 270: You mean uh I can't understand what you mean. Interviewer: Well I mean just like where {NS} just like the people from Savannah {D: they wore suit} Do any particular religious groups have certain areas that they hang around or mostly {D: club for them?} 270: No I can't I can't say that. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay are there any names for uh these places that an outsider might not recognize? Is there does Ybor City have any kind of nickname or uh 270: No Interviewer: {X} 270: {D: Uh-uh.} {D: No sections} Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay do the um like the well-off and the poor members of these groups live in dif- different neighborhoods? 270: Yes. {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: How's that? 270: Well Hyde Park is mostly the rich Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: white people. And out this area you know um mostly blacks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: You know um I'm not saying blacks don't live in High Park because there are you know some in Hyde Park but mostly rich, white people buy it. There's some poor areas along Twenty-Second Street. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: that's down in Heights. You know where the projects is? Interviewer: Yeah, I was down there a week or so ago. I was looking for well {D: do you know Mr Mime over in Draffus?} 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: I was looking for him, uh I had gotten some information like now let's see about three or four months ago that I should talk to him you know? 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Trying to get # uh people for my interviews. I went down there. I got lost. {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: Well that's mostly where well in West Tampa, it's some more projects. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 {D: You know.} # 270: You know have you ever rode the interstate? Interviewer: Oh yeah. 270: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: along side you could see that. {NW} Interviewer: Oh yeah, yeah, yeah. Off to the right? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah {D: I know} 270: Well that's mostly where the poor blacks are and {X} {NW} That's about all I know. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay are there an- any names for uh these places that an outsider might not know of? You know like High Park, does it have any kind of a nickname? Or uh or Davis Island or something? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NW} okay do any of these neighborhoods that you were telling me about, you know like Town and Country, Temple Terrace, 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: do they have their own shopping districts? 270: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Is there a certain name for these districts or uh or where are they located? 270: You talking about the shopping areas? Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. 270: Well Temple Terrace most of most of the shopping is on Fifty-Sixth Street. {D: It's um} It's not one mall what what you're saying is um like a lotta stores on the street? And um it's just stores, I can't Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I don't know the name of 'em. Interviewer: Just like Ybor City has their own shopping district or just kinda scattered? 270: On Seventh Avenue there's stores all up in there. {D: Llama's} Furniture uh {D: uh} it's a Cuban sandwich place down that I go to, Silver Ring Interviewer: Yeah you were about to do Christmas, tell me 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 about that place. # Interviewer: Must be pretty good. 270: It is! {NW} Interviewer: Really? Yeah I was talking to uh well you know um uh Ms Chandler? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Works down here at the office? I'm doing the same thing with her. Doing the same interviews with her. And she was uh she was telling about this Cuban sandwiches {D: down there} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # It must be good, everybody goes there. 270: #1 They are. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay where uh where do like the rich people uh live? {NS} 270: Davis Island. Um Hyde Park. {X} that's the main two #1 places. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. 270: It's um Town and Country. That's a nice place. Off of {D: Dell} Main Road. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 That's # that's Hyde Park also. Interviewer: Oh is it? 270: Yeah, that's right up you know where {D: Clan} High School is? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 270: Up in there. Interviewer: Oh okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: I- I don't live here, I just 270: {NW} Interviewer: just strutting through. And where uh do most of the other people live? You know like the middle class people? 270: I could say we're middle class people. Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: I could say we're middle class people. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Around {X} up in this area. Interviewer: Okay. {X} Is there any other neighborhoods that you know? 270: It's um some in Hyde Park. {X} you know it's scattered. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Can't say one place. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {D: I don't know} # Interviewer: Um are there any uh well-known places in Tampa? Uh withn the city limits? You know like parks or 270: Bush Garden. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Everybody {D: who} really goes there {X} 270: Um {NW} let's see {X} drawing a blank. Um {NW} a lot of amusement parks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um {NS} Interviewer: {X} 270: you're talking about when the fair is here that's a everybody goes there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um they're building a new fairground up off of {D: Neil White} and that's gonna be open the next year or the year after that. Um {NW} are you talking just areas that just um recreation areas? Interviewer: Yeah or other things like uh big statues say downtown or something or 270: #1 Oh uh # Interviewer: #2 things # 270: parks you know University at Tampa? You know there's a lot of statues {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. I- isn't it in some kind of big old village? Uh somebody was telling me about that 270: Oh the castle. That's the that's the university now Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 but it # wasn't before. Before Interviewer: Oh really? 270: yes. There's um {X} and um {D: I think it} trying to go from here and Interviewer: {NW} 270: get me nervous {NW} {X} Interviewer: Don't be nervous, 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {D: makes you} if there aren't any other places you know? {X} 270: #1 That I can # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: think of. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um if you were say flying in from like Georgia or New York, where would you land? Where would the plane land? 270: In Ta- Tampa. Interviewer: Well not here but {NW} yeah in Tampa, uh-huh. 270: Tampa International Airport. Interviewer: Okay. Um do you see any difference between something called a airport and an airfield? 270: Yes uh airfield is private, isn't it? Interviewer: {D: I think} 270: And a airport is public. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if um I was coming in from say Georgia what uh big road would I take coming down to Tampa? 270: {X} um Interviewer: Well it would be it would be Seventy-Five. Would you have any name for that type of uh road? 270: I haven't driven to Georgia in a long time. Interviewer: Okay uh here's a phrase, would would you ever call that big road an interstate? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 A # highway. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 Highway. # Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay where where might you stop along the uh highway {D: to uh} to you know wanna get out and stretch your legs? 270: A rest area. Interviewer: Okay. Um would it make any difference between uh someplace that had like picnic tables? Toilets? 270: Yes. It would Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah {D: I mean} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh {NW} if you can drive it, why not take a {X} um or if it has just like a service station and would you call 'em rest stops uh rest areas? Rest stop, yeah. 270: A rest stop? Okay. Um what is it that's uh painted on the roads to help you stay in your lane? What would you call those? A yellow line. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um what about uh like have you ever seen those big concrete things that they put 270: Leading strip? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um what what if there were two like say four lanes of traffic with two going this way and two going this way and there was a big grass area between, what would you call that grass area? 270: Let's see I'm really not sure. Interviewer: Okay. {C: dog barking} Um okay what do what would you call the the place places on the highway that you would get off and get on? 270: Exit {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: and uh just I just get on Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {X} # 270: entrance somewhere. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um {NS} okay ar- are there any uh roads {D: italic} in uh {D: Owen B. Annerd} or uh left to special places? 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay is it is there a uh {X} I think it's going over to uh Clearwater, isn't there a kind of a long highway that you go o- 270: Oh uh um {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 Causeway. # Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: The causeway? Interviewer: Yeah okay. Okay. Um okay, are there any um neighborhoods I mean not neighborhoods but streets that are associated with uh uh certain uh groups of people? Like you just said well like Atlanta um Tenth Street is where all the hippies used to hang out years ago. 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Is # there any streets in Tampa that you know you say such-and-such street {D: some might say ah} you know. 270: Down {D: Avery} {D: they call it strip} Interviewer: Oh is it? 270: Yes. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Is it? # 270: Um Interviewer: What who hangs out up there? 270: It's you know a lot of clubs and uh {NW} um the prostitutes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {D: I don't know what that street is} Also McGraff Street is uh {X} Interviewer: Oh really? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Lovely town. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {D: No} Okay is there uh any uh uh streets that are associated with certain neighborhoods? You know ne- groups of people I mean who said such-and-such an avenue you immediately {D: come to uh} Cubans or Greeks or {D: what have you} 270: Seventh Avenue, that's {NS} Ybor City. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Cubans. Um that's the one I can think of right now. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if um okay what uh what might you call a uh a place where like railroads go over uh you mind if I smoke? 270: Uh-uh. No. Interviewer: Do you care for one? 270: No Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 I # don't smoke. Interviewer: That's good. Don't get started. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um uh is there a place where um uh railroad tracks would go overhead? 270: No Interviewer: No no place in Tampa like that? 270: All in the ground. {NW} Interviewer: All in the ground. Uh what do you have a term or something for a place like that? What would you call a big say a 270: Monorail? Interviewer: Or something like that, uh-huh. 270: Is it's monorail {D: timber} are you talking about just Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 Pass- # enger trains or Interviewer: Yeah mostly, you know freight trains 270: No {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um well would you be more likely to call something like that um a viaduct or an underpass? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Okay how would you um usually park the car like on a neighborhood street? You know if you had to park one here, park one here what's that? Is there a name for that kind of parking? 270: Parallel. Interviewer: Okay. You ever have to have to learn how to do that? 270: Yes. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: That's part of the uh driver's ed courses, you have to do that to get your license. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Wow. I don't see how my mom got her license {NW} at least in Georgia um okay what kind of um um parking's done at like a shopping center? 270: Angle parking. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um alright what uh what might you find uh or call those um outlets you know where the fire department hooks up to the hoses? 270: Hydrant. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} That's {D: tough, okay} 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh where's it that you would park when you go downtown? 270: Um they have parking lots but they're filled most of the time with {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: you know parallel {D: park} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um w- when you mean parking lot does does that like a parking lot with a bunch of {D: like} 270: #1 {D: Uh-huh.} # Interviewer: #2 three or four # layers? 270: No um Interviewer: Or 270: #1 Just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: a lot with you know the {D: cars, the cars are left} Interviewer: Uh-huh. D- do you have any word for that kind of parking in the drive into the building, just go about about three or four levels? 270: No, just park. Interviewer: Okay. Um Okay what are the um um tallest largest buildings in Tampa? 270: First the Natural College. That's the tallest. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Uh thats the tallest building. You you want more than than just that one? Interviewer: Well tallest a- and largest 270: That's the only Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 I # tall Interviewer: O- 270: #1 building # Interviewer: #2 kay # Interviewer: Okay they just they just built a 270: #1 this new uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: Uh-huh.} # hotel in Atlanta, it's like seventy stories tall. 270: Wow. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {D: Okay} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: {NW} they give you oxygen when you go up from the 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 in the elevator # you know? Um o-okay. Is there any do you know any kind of words that describe a just really tall buildings? Uh have you ever called 'em uh 270: Skyscrapers. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um would you would you ever call like that that bank down there a highrise? 270: No I would refer to that one as uh we have a highrise apartment building. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 270: Uh Interviewer: Uh okay what uh what would you call like a passageway uh say between two buildings downtown? Like if there's a big the main street was here and there were two big buildings? 270: An alley? Interviewer: Okay. Um how about if it was like behind your house? 270: An alley. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and what uh what might you call a uh uh say a place downtown that um makes that had a building on it and they just tore it down and they haven't built anything else? 270: Vacant lot? Interviewer: Okay, sure. Okay. Um are there different sizes of vacant lots that you've seen in Tampa? 270: Yes. Interviewer: Are they like half a block long or 270: {NW} Um some of 'em are like the size of this house you know uh a block uh {X} half a block, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 it # 270: varies. Interviewer: Oh okay. Um where where might you get a uh a drink of water near near one of these big buildings? 270: At a water fountain. Interviewer: Okay. How about if if you were in a park or something? Would you call that a water fountain too? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay can you name some different kinds of uh cars and trucks? {D: Maybe} not naming you know like brand names like Chevrolet or Buick but like styles? 270: Um {NW} a Cordoba A Mustang. A Chevrolet, Chev- Chevelle {D: Roller} {NW} A {D: Cellofen} Volkswagon. A T. R. Six. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: Okay} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay are there any like general type of cars? Or I mean is there like you know two-door and four-door type {D: thing?} 270: I don't under- Interviewer: #1 Oh okay. # 270: #2 stand uh # Interviewer: I mean uh are there any kind of uh descriptions for um like cars a- and trucks that you see around that you could say you see what what you were naming was uh brand names you know. I mean the companies that put 'em out. 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is there any like general terms for uh uh cars? Like you know they'd either have two doors or four doors or 270: No. Interviewer: Convertible? Whatever. 270: Yeah I'd say a convertible. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I've seen 'em. Convertible. But I wouldn't use two-door or four-door. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay what uh what might you call a real a real big car that eats a lotta gas? Is there any kind of general word that you might call it? Like would you ever call it gashog or 270: {NW} Interviewer: anything like that? 270: A hog, I mean a hog. Interviewer: Oh do you? 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # Okay. Um have you ever seen one of those cars that uh they don't have a a trunk you know? Like in the back the window just goes down? In these cars {D: get it rolled it it in?} 270: A hatchback? Interviewer: Okay. It's it's something like a hatchback, yeah. Uh this is more like um well usually large families have a a car like this. Instead of you know like in the back of back part of the car coming down like this, 270: #1 {D: Uh-huh.} # Interviewer: #2 you have the # trunk here {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: something like that. It goes all the way 'til the end. Like that. This way? 270: Oh e- sure. Sure. Interviewer: Oh {X} yeah. Uh okay um if what uh what kinds of uh of small trucks like bring mail or small items to your house? 270: Um a mail mailman, a mail truck. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: a moving Interviewer: Okay. Wou- would you ever call something like that a {D: something} like that a panel truck? Or just a delivery truck or what might you call it? Just as a general 270: #1 Truck. # Interviewer: #2 word? # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: don't dream and} # she- she'll guess that herself. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay what uh what might you call one of those trucks that farmers used to drive? 270: Pickups. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay then what uh what might you take to the airport if uh you couldn't get a taxi? 270: Bus. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 270: That's all it's either a taxi or a bus. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Wou- would you ever take a limousine? 270: #1 {D: Oh} # Interviewer: #2 O- # 270: no {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: No {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see okay where uh where's the speedometer located on your car? 270: Um right um in front of the steering wheel. Interviewer: Okay, is there a name for that area underneath the windshield? 270: Dashboard. Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um okay and that little little place in your dashboard that you know you got a little locking thing? You can put maps and gloves and {X} 270: Glove compartment. Interviewer: Okay. Good. Um {NW} Okay what uh what might you use to uh I think I got one here. {NS} One of these great American inventions. 270: Rubberband. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard it called aynthing else other than rubberband? 270: Rubber for short but Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Okay. Um okay if you had just a couple pieces of paper like this what would you call this this thing right here? 270: Paperclip. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever hear- ever heard it called anything else? 270: {D: No.} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay and then the place in your car where you might keep um you know your spare tire {D: folds} and all that area. 270: Trunk. Interviewer: Okay. This is really tough okay. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay and and the thing that you might step on to uh 270: Gas pedal. Interviewer: Okay. Um i- how would you shift uh gears in a car without the an automatic transition? 270: Funny you should ask me that, I drive one #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # do ya? {NW} 270: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: Clutch. {NW} Interviewer: The clutch? 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: What would you call the thing that you grind the gears with? {NW} 270: A shift. Interviewer: Okay. Is there are there uh different kinds? Of shifts? I mean are they located in different places? 270: A van {D: fair} hold the steering wheel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Most you know cars and things {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 it's just an # old, it's not fancy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there is there a name for that for the ones that are on the floor? 270: Stickshift? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um what uh what might you hit {NW} if you're driving through like a a residential section? You know big lumps in the road used to uh slow people down? 270: Oh uh Interviewer: Is there a name for those things? 270: Yes uh hm I can't think of the name of it. Interviewer: Okay would uh would you call 'em like speed-breakers or speedhumps? 270: Speedbumps. {NW} Interviewer: Speed- 270: Yeah {D: I know} Interviewer: #1 have you ever hit one of those things? # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah I had a I had a Jeep one time that I was cruising along and hit one of those things and almost put my head through the 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 canvas, you know? # Interviewer: Okay, what uh what kinds of cars and trucks and uh aircraft are used by the fire and police department? Just general. Three or four. 270: Firetrucks. That's just one. Um boats. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: You'e talking about ambulances too? Interviewer: Sure, yeah. Uh-huh. Um what what might the um fire chief come to the fire in? 270: What? {D: That's what} um A rescue. Interviewer: Okay. Um {X} {C: silence} Okay. Um 270: {D: I need} closer {NW} Interviewer: Not's it's it's okay. It's just I have trouble to recording {D: my lil- little} Been having problems with this thing ever since I got it down here. Um okay uh uh what uh what might the police carry a lot of people off in? {D: A lock?} 270: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 270: {X} {X} {NW} it's a I don't use it much, {D: just fall off the bed} Some truck but I can't think of the name of it. Interviewer: Would you just call it a police van or a paddywagon? 270: Paddywagon. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: U- um again in that that uh aircraft that the police sometimes use you know big spin- 270: Helicopter? Interviewer: Okay. Um have you ever seen those things cruise around at night? 270: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: they uh I was talking to this one lady down at the uh the newspaper office and she was telling me that uh she I think she was coming home from a date one night and a chopper was coming over and had that big spotlight. 270: Yes. Interviewer: She thought the lord was calling her 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay what uh what different kinds of uh bad weather do you get in this area? The Tampa area? 270: Um storms. Hail. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: Um Interviewer: Do you really get hale? 270: Um about a couple of weeks ago there was a tornado watch Interviewer: Oh yeah 270: and um hail, it was {D: big one} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Caught all sorts of hail {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Are there any other storms? 270: Sometimes we have electrical storms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: But it's mostly rain and lightning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Not snow. It's never snowed. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 I wish it did. # Interviewer: Snow? You ever live in a place that has snow? 270: No. I've never seen any. Interviewer: Don't worry about it, 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: you're not missing out} # Interviewer: It's nice to look at but it's it's a pain to shovel. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay are there any um um do you ever have ice storms down here? 270: You're talking about um hurricanes? Interviewer: Well these these are more like um if it it rains a lot and then the water freezes? 270: No. Interviewer: Oh. In Georgia we have just every once in a while and like they'll when the rain comes down it's um it's like below freezing down on the earth. 270: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: It's warmer up in the sky. 270: {D: Uh-huh.} Interviewer: And when stuff hits it makes a layer of ice under everything. You know trees {D: and everything} {X} 270: Oh yeah {D: the} dew, does that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: It's like when it's cold that uh windshield on the car if you leave 'em out ice. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: But as far as that there's no ice. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what might you call the the poli- uh firemen? Is there any uh goo- good terms that you know for the firemen? Or bad terms? Or slang or anything like that? 270: {D: Naw} just firemen. Interviewer: Okay. 270: If you ask me about police. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's the next 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 question. # Interviewer: Are there any for the police? 270: Cops. {NW} Um pigs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} that's it {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NS} okay and the place that the police usually stay, what would that be called? 270: Station? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And how about the um firemen? 270: Um firehouse? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. {NS} Okay if a uh if {X} have have you you uh have you ever heard anybody use the term uh drunk tank? 270: I've never seen that word. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 270: {NW} Tank. Interviewer: Do is there a difference to you between drunktank and jail? 270: No. {NW} Interviewer: It's down- 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 hill, that's all. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh what might the uh the policemen carry with with 'em for protection? 270: A gun. {X} Interviewer: Okay. Are there um different kinds that you know of? Or 270: I just know um twenty-two caliber uh call 'em heats. {NW} Um Interviewer: You call 'em what? 270: Heats. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: um thirty-two. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I don't know about guns Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 I'm # scared, I don't. Interviewer: Okay. Um what else might the uh police carry with 'em? 270: A bat. {NW} Interviewer: A 270: #1 No a # Interviewer: #2 a {D: what?} # 270: um a stick. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Okay. Um okay what are some you mentioned prostitutes on on Dale Mavery 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: uh what are other names for prostitutes? 270: {D: Prawls} {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: {D: Prawls} Interviewer: Really? 270: {NW} Interviewer: Ho- how do you 270: {D: Prawls} you know, shop for prostitute. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Oh okay. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: Um um {NW} Interviewer: That's really interesting, that's the first time that I've ever heard that. Anything else? 270: None that I can think of. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what is the uh building sometimes called where prostitutes work? 270: {D: You mean} where you take that {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Whe- where they take the uh customers? Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 270: #1 Uh {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah you can call it # customers 270: Um I don't have no name. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what might you call a manager of a prostitute? 270: A pimp. {NW} Interviewer: A pimp, 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 okay. # Interviewer: Do you have any other terms or 270: That's all. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 Pimp. # Interviewer: Um okay what uh what might you call somebody that uh is always getting uh arrested you know like downtown for being drunk all the time? Always thrown in jail? 270: For being drunk? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: A wino. {NW} #1 Or a drunkard. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Okay. How about if um somebody uh got drunk a lot at at a party? Would you still call him a wino or a drunk or 270: A drunk. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is it do you see any difference between someone that's called a drunk and somebody that's called an alchoholic? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. They're {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Same old stuff # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Um do you see any difference between somebody that's called who might be called a drunk and somebody that might called a derelict? 270: Well {NW} {NS} Interviewer: {D: You're at uni- cab once you've gottten out so} 270: This a derelict is someone doing it for fun or something? Um I couldn't answer. Interviewer: Oh okay. Okay. Um okay what what might you call those cheap hotels where you know derelicts might you know the two-dollar-a-night hotel type thing. 270: A motel? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Woul- would you ever call that anything else? You know would you ever call it {D: flop house} or 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um what are some um some forms uh that you know of of marijuana in uh Tampa? 270: {D: Oh gold} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um that's the hardest, it's just plain reefer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's the that's the only only two Interviewer: Okay, is the gold supposed to be the best or 270: Uh-huh. The strongest. Interviewer: Okay. Um {D: what uh} do you know of any other words for uh marijuana? Just that you heard around or 270: Reefer. Um {D: Lord come on, God} {X} {NW} It's a a no-name cigarette. {NW} Interviewer: A no-name cigarette? 270: Yeah {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Um okay what are are some of the harder drugs other than marijuana floating around town? 270: Heroin. Acid. Pop- popping pills um speed, downers uh {NW} cocaine. {D: There's one} that I can think of Interviewer: Okay. What uh what effects are usually associatied with each one of those that you named? That you've heard people talking about it or read or s- that you know of? 270: What what facts? Interviewer: Yeah what effects do you know {X} 270: what effect- oh. Well I know about heroin um. {NW} It's funny though, it'll stop you from uh no it'll make you have sex, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 that's what # 270: I don't know about it, I don't use it. {D: You know?} Interviewer: Well I mean this is just what you've heard or talked to other people. 270: {NW} Um Downers. It you know if you you real high-strung Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: it um you know, bring you down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Speed it you know like if you're down in the dumps it'll bring you spirits up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. How about uh cocaine? 270: I don't know much about I don't know {D: I only know} how you use it though. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What uh what might you call it if someone is uh who's always taking drugs? 270: A dope-addict. Interviewer: Okay. How about somebody who's a sells a lot of it? 270: Uh s- um a dealer. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Have you ever heard any other names for 270: Um no. {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what might be some uh slang words uh for money? 270: Cash. Dough. Um green. {NW} Interviewer: {X} 270: {NW} that's all Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 I can think # of. Interviewer: Um okay are there any places i- in Tampa where you might say take a watch in and and sell it to this guy {C: knocking on door} g- get his {NS} money for it? 270: Um a pawn dealer? Uh-huh. Interviewer: A pawn? 270: Yeah. Okay. Um {NW} Okay are there any different uh types of um uh different kinds of uh uh like general terms for uh wine that you know of? What um wine? {NW} You talking about the name? Of the brand? Interviewer: Well just um any like slang terms for wine that you know of? 270: No {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {D: Um} 270: You picked the right one, didn't you? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: No, 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 no # see it's it's to us you know in in our study that we're doing it's just as important to know that um people say in your age bracket you know, you know in your educational level you know in high school don't know certain words. 270: Oh. Interviewer: I mean if I was talking to a a wino or something he'd probably rattle off fifty words or something 270: Uh- Interviewer: #1 for # 270: #2 huh. # Interviewer: different kinds of wine. But it's important for our study so you that it's just as important that you don't have the word or a term as it is that you do if that makes any sense. 270: Yeah I understand. Interviewer: Okay. 270: I'm in college now {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh # 270: #2 I # didn't tell you that. Interviewer: Oh are you? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 A. # C.C. Interviewer: Did you start already? 270: Yeah this fall I'm going into my um sophomore year. Oh oh. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. What does what does H. s- H.C.C. what does that {X} 270: Hilsborough Community College. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 270: #2 It's a # it's a junior college. I should have told you that. {NW} Interviewer: Is that um you study cler- clerical? 270: No {NW} I I'm not into that, I'm not into {X} that. Um I wanted to go into dentistry but I changed my mind. So now I'm just taking the basic classes Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: 'til I make up my mind whether I wanna go onto uh dentist at South Florida. Go out of town to college. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um my other choice is going into the airlines. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Being a team steward? 270: I thought about being a stewardess but I thought about the air and crashing and everything Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: so um {D: it might take me a little bit} Interviewer: Uh-huh. My dad's a dentist back in Atlanta. 270: {NW} Interviewer: He's a he's been at it for a long time. Um okay what uh what might you call a uh worst the really worst section of town? Like a place where derelicts might hang out? Or #1 criminals might hang out? # 270: #2 {X} # {NW} Um Interviewer: Is there a general word for that type of that area? 270: Just call it rundown. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever call it like skidrow? Anything like that? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what might be some terms that you know for uh pornographic movies, the movies themselves and the places where they're shown? 270: X-rated. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: Um that's it {NW} Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 270: #2 X-rated. # Interviewer: What i- um is there any name for the places where they're shown? 270: Um uh {NW} a movie house. Uh just a theater. Interviewer: Did you ever call it like X-rated theater? 270: Yeah, X-rated That's Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {D: what I said} # Interviewer: Um okay okay what uh what are some uh {D: Beverly} uh some city employees besides the the police and firemen that work in your neighborhood? 270: Oh uh mailman? Um um Interviewer: Is there somebody that comes around here and picks up 270: Trashman. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Garbage man. That's what I say. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Um {NW} people that uh fix the roads up {X} um I can't think of {X} come that's all that come down here is garbage man. Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Mailman. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what would you say a person has if they're able to uh like get favors from city hall? 270: Cool {NW} Interviewer: #1 Cool. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 270: Um he has friends. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: Um that's all I Interviewer: Okay, great. Um what uh what might you call somebody that works for the city but doesn't have a real job uh you know has no real responsibilities but get's paid anyway? 270: That's a {NW} I don't know what {D: all it} I must be nervous. {NW} {NW} You call 'em a parasite but you wouldn't Interviewer: Okay. That's a good good name for 'em. 270: Lazy. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Okay what uh what what would you call like the uh large food stores and shopping centers? 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Is there # a general word for those big type stores? 270: A mall. A grocery store. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Did you ever call it supermarket or 270: Grocery store. Interviewer: okay. Okay. Um okay are there um what what might you call a like stores that open up early and close late? {NS} 270: {NW} Just a {X} {X} I don't know Interviewer: #1 Would would # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you ever call 'em the convenient stores or 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um what what might you call a store that uh like that's run by one of the local family fam- families like you know that lives around here? 270: Just a a store. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay are there any uh um stores that have like specialties items or like uh you know cooked meats and vegetable salads? 270: Oh uh already cooked? Interviewer: Yeah. I mean they make sandwiches. They have a lot of strange foods. 270: Oh a restaruant. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Would would you call it anything else? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay would uh uh would you ever use uh {D: delta test?} 270: Naw. I don't use that. Interviewer: Okay. 270: I know {X} about it {X} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay what kind of things do uh some people have in their kitchen to uh heat foods? 270: A stove. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 270: Hotplate {D: and} Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever seen one of those uh ovens that {D: that uh} {NS} {D: you have t-} 270: Microwave? Interviewer: Okay what uh what kind of oven? {NS} 270: You talking abou- a microwave oven? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Have you ever used one of those things? 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: {X} 270: Oh in school. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Put it in there and 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Um um okay are there any uh places in the neighborhood that uh have uh coin-operated 270: Laundry. Interviewer: {NW} You're getting ahead of me 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Uh you know where 270: Washerette Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Um okay what uh might you call the container that you put your dirty clothes in? {C: glass clanking} 270: A clothes hamper. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh and then the thing that you know you might run around on the floor to sweep the floor? 270: {NW} Interviewer: That you'd 270: I talking about a Interviewer: you know that you 270: #1 a broom # Interviewer: #2 plug in? # 270: oh a Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: Oh a um sweeper? {NW} Vacuum cleaner. Okay. {NW} Interviewer: #1 I'm digging that one # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh uh okay and the the thing inside the vacuum cleaner that uh 270: #1 A bag? # Interviewer: #2 ca- # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what might you use to uh uh say wash your car, what would you call the container that you put the water in? 270: A bucket. Interviewer: Okay. Would it be made anything out of uh what would it usually be made out of? 270: Plastic. Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Plastic. Interviewer: Okay. Uh have you ever seen one of those um appliances some people have in their home to uh they put their garbage in and then push a button and it gets like kinda smashed? 270: A trash compactor? Interviewer: Oh yeah. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what might you call uh the things the containers that you put your trash in? 270: Uh a garbage can or a trash can. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Depends on the room. {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: It depends on the room. Interviewer: Oh 270: #1 the ki- # Interviewer: #2 it does? # 270: tchen is a garbage can. And the rooms is a trash can. Interviewer: Ah okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay great. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Um} okay have you seen those large uh containers behind stores that the people put their garbage in? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. What do you have a term for for that? 270: A dump. A garbage dump. Interviewer: Okay. {D: Now} is that the container the 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 big green things? # Interviewer: {D: across} 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what might you call a person that um uh does the arrangements for uh funerals? 270: Uh undertaker. Interviewer: Okay. Um and then the thing that he drives? You know, big 270: An- uh limousine? A hearse? Interviewer: Okay. Cadillac station wagons. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what might you call the buildings in a graveyard? The putting peop- some people in {D: the rich big probably} 270: Oh um {X} {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay and the thing that uh that I'm smoking is what would you call that? 270: Cigarette. Interviewer: Okay have you heard any other words? 270: Cancer stick. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} you know that too don't you? # Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard anything else? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um what uh what might you call a room that um is designed to get the most sunlight, you know it has the windows on all sides? 270: Uh a Florida room? Interviewer: Okay sure, sure. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay what uh what might you call a room that uh you have your T-V set in and uh you just relax in there? 270: {NW} A living room. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Okay have you ever seen a um room that has a a toilet and a sink but no bath or shower? 270: Half-bath. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Okay what uh how is is heat circulated in in winter in in some houses? 270: Heater. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {D: Legend} heaters, um kerosene heaters, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: um {NW} kerosene, I said that. Interviewer: W- {NS} okay what if you had those those vents around, is there a name for that type of heater? 270: A central heater? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um would would you use the same central heating if you had air conditioning too? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay have you ever seen a house that is laid out something like this? {NS} It has um just rooms on the side? You know, if you open the front door you can see all the way to the back? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} have you ever h- seen a a house that has like two {D: roof} {D: just be a} 270: {NW} Interviewer: My drawing's uh {NW} tha- it has like two rooms with the roof between 'em? {NS} 270: {NW} two room and a roof between 'em {NS} Interviewer: Like a little walkway between the two rooms? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Do you do you know what kind of design that's called? 270: Uh-uh. No. Interviewer: Okay. And then have y- have you ever seen a house that's built something like this? Has long hallways and just one room? One large room? 270: Yeah. I've seen those a lot. Interviewer: Oh this one? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 It's # 270: what's that, call it a {NW} a long house, that's {D: right} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 {D: You know} # Interviewer: So you're saying the one that you can see it through 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: from the front to the back? 270: Right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh okay have you ever seen any other slot houses kind of struck you as being snaggletoothed or out of the ordinary? 270: {NW} Most of the houses I've seen are are mostly like this, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 you know? # Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um what kinds of of buildings uh would house several or many families? 270: Um an apartment house? Interviewer: Okay. 270: {D: Or} boarding house. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Hotel. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um okay have you ever seen places that are that's like one big large building and people own sections of the building? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 Okay what # 270: #2 That's uh # Interviewer: what might you call those? 270: {X} {NW} {X} {X} I know I know what you're talking about though Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you would you call 'em condominiums? 270: Yeah! Interviewer: Okay. 270: Condominiums. Interviewer: Okay. Wou- would you ever uh call 'em condos? {NS} for short? 270: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um you mentioned apartment buildings, um do you see any difference between the places you call an apartment building and places called tenements? 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 Most of all # {D: flat plan rent, type pay} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um 270: Oh yes like um a tenant might have just one room Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: and an apartment has not everything. Interviewer: Ah okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh have you ever heard of a place called a rowhouse? 270: A what? {NW} Interviewer: Called a rowhouse? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh have you ever seen an apartment that uh occupies a whole level of a building? 270: {NS} {NW} An apartment? Oh yeah that's a p- a penthouse. Interviewer: Okay. O- {NS} kay. Um okay what uh what might you call a a a man that does repairs uh in in an apartment building? 270: Repairman. Interviewer: Okay. Is have you ever s- known somebody that like um does most of the work but gets his rent for free, you know, lives in the building? 270: {X} {D: No} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what kind of uh equipment would you use uh to take care of a yard? A garden? 270: Lawnmower. A hoer. I mean a hoe {NW} Interviewer: {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: That's the one #1 who does the hoeing I guess # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh {NW} a rake? Um clippers um {X} Okay. You you mentioned lawnmower, are there different kinds of lawnmowers that you know of? 270: Uh-huh. Um a riding lawnmower, uh there's a push push mower. Interviewer: You know {D: when you mean} push mower do you mean like one with a motor on top of it? 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Or is # the kind that doesn't have any motor at all? 270: Uh {NW} {D; I wasn't living when they had a} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Pardon me? # 270: I wasn't living when they Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 had those. # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Before your time. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um {NS} what uh what might people use to uh like break up the ground? Uh if they're gonna plant a garden? 270: A shovel? Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever seen one of those um things that's powered by a motor that you know you stand behind? It's got big 270: A drill? Interviewer: Well it's got a big {D: teeth} on it. {D: You know around} 270: Oh a I I don't know the name of it. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it something like that like a tiller, a rototiller? 270: I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Stay away from that stuff. {NW} Okay um what uh what might you use for um to plant like little flower bulbs or something? That little thing that you just pick up 270: Oh a l- a hand shovel. Interviewer: Okay. Okay great. Uh okay have you ever used uh one of those little tools with like a three-pronged {D: night} 270: A fork. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um then you mentioned rakes. Are there different kinds of rakes that you know of? 270: {D: Yes if I} it's one {NS} that's a regular you know a whole {NS} bunch of teeth {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: And there's one with like four. Four teeth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: At the stem and it you know {D: glued} to the ground. Interviewer: Okay is one of them flexible and the other one's 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: solid? 270: Right. Interviewer: Okay which which one is which? {NS} 270: The um uh the yard rake is flexible Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: and uh but the one you dig with {D: it's use} {D: hard} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um Di- did you mention uh trimmers of some type? Uh 270: Clippers. Interviewer: Clippers? 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Would uh would they be you know power-driven or would they just be 270: Hand- Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um if they were powered by like an electric motor would you still call 'em clippers? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um what uh what might you use to like cut up firewood {D: with a} big saw 270: #1 With a # Interviewer: #2 {D: or} # 270: axe. Interviewer: Okay. Or if you had one of those saws with a motor on it? 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # you know, it makes all that noise? 270: Saw? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay when when you say saw do you mean um one of those big chains {D: things} or 270: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: just Interviewer: #1 blade # 270: #2 some # 270: A blade. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay will you uh name and and describe as many kinds of meat or cattles or pigs or sheep that you can? 270: Uh pork chop. That's from the cows. I mean what am I talking about? Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Um ribs, um pig feet. Um steak. Interviewer: Tha- that would be cattle? 270: Steak uh-huh. Um {NW} chitlins. {NW} Interviewer: Chitlins? Do you 270: {D: Uh-uh.} Interviewer: do you eat chitlins? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: They pretty good? 270: Right. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: Um {NW} wow. I know what's {X} Um Interviewer: Well just just something that you think of. 270: Say liver. Interviewer: {X} 270: {D: Uh-huh.} Interviewer: where wha- what would you get liver from? Is that a cow or a hog, a sheep or 270: Um oh lamb. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Are there different cuts of lamb that you know? 270: Veal. And lamb. Interviewer: Okay. Okay are there different um varieties of chickens that you know of? 270: It's um just chicken in general. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's all. Interviewer: Okay. Um well if you go to the store and have you ever seen 'em advertise like fryers and 270: Um Interviewer: broilers and 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 roasted chicken? # Interviewer: Is there any difference between the three that you know of? 270: The sizes. {NW} That's about all. Interviewer: Uh 270: All of 'em have the same paws. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what what type of sandwich might you get at a like at a ballpark? 270: Hot dog. Interviewer: Okay. Um are there s- other kinds of meat or that looks something like a hot dog? 270: Um vienna sausage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's all Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what might you call a sandwich that uh oh {D: after you were talking about} {X} uh okay what uh what might you drink with a {NS} cuban sandwich? 270: A soda. A drink, orange drink or {D: something} anything. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh okay you mentioned um uh okay would you drink something like uh Coca-Cola? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Coke. Interviewer: If okay. If you ordered uh if it wasn't really Coca-Cola, would you still call it Coke? Say if it was Pepsi-Cola or uh R.C. Cola 270: Uh-huh, I just say Coke. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um what what else might you eat with a a cuban sandwich if if you didn't want a soft drink or a soda? 270: What I'd drink? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Water. {NW} Interviewer: Water? 270: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Okay would you ever drink any beer with it? 270: {NS} Naw. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know anything about different kinds of beers? 270: You're talking about the brands? Interviewer: {D: Or} 270: Colt. Malt liquor. Um what's that uh light beer. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} {NW} That's that's the only malt liquor's the hardest though, right? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} That's about all. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NS} what uh what kinds of things uh do you buy at a bakery? 270: Donuts. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Me too # 270: #2 Um # Interviewer: {NW} 270: Cinnamon rolls, Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 270: Pizza. {NW} Interviewer: Pizza. 270: {X} Interviewer: at a bakery? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Wow 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 must have good bakeries down here # or something. 270: Uh we have to order it. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: They make like party pizza. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 270: Um cake? {C: unknown speaker} Buns. Hmm, that's about all Interviewer: Okay. Whe- when you say buns do you mean like {NS} uh a sweet roll or a danish? 270: Uh-huh, a roll. Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: background speech} if somebody says coffee cake what uh what do you mean by coffee cake? 270: What what you eat with coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Can you kinda describe it? 270: Um shortbread is coffee cake. Interviewer: Oh is it? 270: That's what you know I guess it is {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: It's um it's a plain cake. Interviewer: Okay. Does it uh have any filling or anything in the coffee cake? 270: I don't really know. I couldn't tell you. I Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: Um {NS} okay what uh what might you call the white stuff they sometimes {NS} put on like coffee cakes and donuts? 270: Icing? {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um do you see any uh difference between something that would be called a a glaze and something that you w- could be called uh frosting? 270: Frosting is um is thicker than the glaze. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Great. Um what uh what different kinds of donuts do you know of? 270: {NS} {X} Um filled donuts? Interviewer: Okay. 270: Um glazed donuts. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Plain donuts. Chocolate- covered donuts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever seen like twisted donuts? 270: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Okay, would you call them twisted donuts or is there a special name that you know? 270: Just be donuts. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # And I point. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 you too, huh? # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Can I get one of those 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh {D: the} # Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um have you ever seen any like rectangular {NW} excuse me uh rectangular uh frosted donuts? {NW} 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} {D: It really is cold.} Uh okay what uh what might you call the uh uh thing that you might wear on your finger? 270: A ring? Interviewer: Okay. If it uh had a really large uh if somebody had a really large ring 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: W- {NW} is there a name for that certain type of ring? 270: A a large ring? Interviewer: Yeah I mean if it's you know glow-in-the-dark or something, it's just really big? 270: Oh {NW} Interviewer: Really obvious. 270: A eye- a eye-catcher {NW} Interviewer: An eye-catcher? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} Interviewer: Uh okay what uh what might you call uh shorts that come down to 270: Bermudas. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. How about if they were uh came down lower than your knee? 270: {NW} Oh I haven't seen them. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Really? 270: {NW} And I seen 'em but I it was I haven't seen 'em in a long time. Interviewer: Okay. How about if they they came up to about here? 270: Shorts. Interviewer: Just regular short shorts? 270: Shor- hot pants. {NW} Interviewer: Hot pants? Yeah. {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um what um what might you call uh clothes that uh uh somebody else's own worn 'til you got them. 270: Somebody bought it {X} Interviewer: Pardon? 270: {D: what} about it? what you saying {NW} Interviewer: clothes that uh like somebody else has had worn before you got them? 270: {NW} Interviewer: Say if you had an older sister or something {NS} 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 and she had worn # 'em 270: Oh hand-me-downs. Interviewer: Okay. Um how about if you if you bought 'em from somebody else that had worn 'em? 270: {X} Interviewer: #1 {D: Okay} # 270: #2 {X} # Be mine then. Interviewer: #1 O- # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: kay. Uh do you have a a how would describe somebody that uh had really uh fashionable and good-looking clothes? 270: A good dresser. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any name for tho- that type of clothes? You know really expensive type? 270: Fashionable. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um would you ever call it {D: pimp} stuff? Any- 270: #1 {D: No} # Interviewer: #2 thing like that? # Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what might you store like um winter clothes would you put 'em in in some kind of a bag? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Just is there a name for tha- that type of bag? Some types with moth balls in the bottom of it? 270: {NW} Storage bag or Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um what are what are some different kinds of shoes that you've seen? 270: {X} Interviewer: Men and you know 270: Platforms. And low-heel shoes. Sandals. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: Dressy shoes. Casual shoes. Interviewer: Okay. How about 270: Tennis shoes. Boots. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {NW} # Desert boots. {NW} Interviewer: Clodhoppers. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh 270: Bucks. {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Bucks. Interviewer: What what are bucks? 270: Um sort of like that but they don't have the the {D: roopers} in the bottom they just rubber Interviewer: #1 Oh # 270: #2 sole. # Interviewer: yeah yeah, tho- the kind of lighter-colored 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Okay. Um okay what are some um different hairstyles that you know of for men and women? 270: Afro. Um I can't you know name 'em but you know I could tell you how they fix you know fix it up you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um have it down. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} uh the men California curls. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {X} I was talking about black men, I Interviewer: #1 Well sure # 270: #2 {X} # {X} It's straightened like this and it's curled. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um Interviewer: {X} 270: Flat. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Sorta like your 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: brother's is, huh?} # 270: No his is um natural {NW} Interviewer: Oh is it? 270: It's a natural, that's {NW} um braided. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um {D: I'll plant it} like his. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} Interviewer: You ever seen where I think they maybe they braid it or something in rows? 270: Uh-huh, braided. Interviewer: Is there a name for that certain type of hair style? 270: Rows. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 Braided # just braided. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I think in Atlanta they call 'em uh uh cornr- corn- 270: Cornrows. Interviewer: Yeah. 270: That's it {NW} Interviewer: {D: Wow} okay. Um okay what uh what might you call a uh boy or man with kind of womanish ways? {NS} 270: Um {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: Sissy. He-she. Interviewer: #1 He- # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: she? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} Um {NW} a Fag. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. What uh what might you call a a a male homosexual? What words would you use to describe 'em? 270: {D: Same word.} A fag. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {D: Wumbo} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Do you use that too? 270: {NW} I say um {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what might you call a a girl or woman with manish ways? 270: Tomboy. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Use that one. Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: That's for like lu- girls. {NS} Interviewer: If you go out and play baseball or 270: #1 {D: Uh-huh.} {NW} # Interviewer: #2 something like that? # 270: But you talking about a grown woman? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {X} {NW} I never thought of that. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Left him for the 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {D: yeah?} Okay um how about a uh a female homosexual? What words have you heard um in Tampa? 270: Only way I know you could do that is have a operation. {NW} Um {D: terms like} {NW} you know I never really thought of a a woman changing into a man, it's just {NS} always the other way around. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} But I think Interviewer: That's interesting because uh we we're trying to find out if there is one somebody's word or term for this person, I think so far we've nothing's come up {X} anything else? Okay what uh what might you call a um a female homosexual? 270: {NW} {D: I don't know} Interviewer: Do you have any terms for that? 270: {D: No} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: Um {NW} what uh what might you call a um 270: Oh a Interviewer: #1 oh # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: oh you're talking about that messes with other females? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 270: Oh a what was that word? {NW} {D: Oh} go on, maybe I'll think Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 of it. # Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um what might you call a um uh a sexually-overactive male? {NS} 270: {NW} Horny. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Anthing else? 270: Uh {NW} {NW} {NS} {NW} {D: Hard-on} {NW} Interviewer: #1 O- # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: kay. 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. How about um uh a sexually-overactive female? 270: Same thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um okay what what have you got uh a word or term for a um a sexually-indiscrete male or female? 270: {X} What do you mean by indiscrete? Interviewer: Uh go after anything. 270: Huh. That's what {D: she'll go} {D: hard off} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 270: {NW} Interviewer: I'm gonna write that down, 270: #1 {D: hard-off} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: How about for uh a female? 270: Same thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 270: I'm trying to think of that word. Um Interviewer: Begin with a D? 270: For um {NS} it's {NW} a B? Interviewer: D? 270: Oh D? Interviewer: Like a dyke? You ever heard that? 270: Yeah but I'm thinking of another one. I can't think of it. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what might you call a um a real ugly boy or man? 270: Messed up. Interviewer: #1 Messed # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: up. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Terrible-looking. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {D: Uh-huh.} # Interviewer: How about um a very ugly uh girl or woman? 270: Ugly. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what if it was just the the opposite? Um what might you call a very attractive man or boy? 270: Handsome. Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Handsome. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 270: Beautiful. {NW} {NW} Nice-looking. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's about it. Interviewer: Okay. How about a very attractive uh girl or woman? 270: Uh lovely. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Beautiful? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {X} {D: who knows} {D: I know slang for 'em.} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay what uh what might you call a a a person that um that is always reading books? 270: Um a worm, a bookworm. Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 How about # Interviewer: how about somebody that's just um naturally you know smart and was out rea- doing a lot of reading? 270: Genius. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 270: #1 Bright. # Interviewer: #2 Um # Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Bright. Interviewer: Okay. Um what might you call a uh somebody that seeks praise and attention? You know the kid who's always bringing an apple to the teacher or 270: A teacher's pet or {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: um a are you just talking about a teacher? Interviewer: Or either 270: Any Interviewer: children or adults. {NW} {NW} 270: {X} he's stuck on himself? Interviewer: Okay, have you ever heard uh somebody called a brown-noser? 270: No. {D: Uh-uh.} Interviewer: Or someone an ass-kisser or something like that? 270: Uh-uh. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay what uh what grades uh are would you consider somebody was in say grade school? 270: Grade school? Interviewer: Yeah. What grades is that? 270: First through sixth. Interviewer: Okay. And junior high? 270: Seventh through ninth. Interviewer: Okay and 270: Well they're different here. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: Yeah. It's seventh it's the seventh grade's in {X} and there's eighth and ninth, they're seperated. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: But it's seventh through through ninth, junior high. Interviewer: Okay and high school would be 270: Tenth through twelfth. Interviewer: okay. Okay what uh what kind of a fence is usually found around a uh playground? 270: A w- a a wire no it's a barbed-wire fence. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: must be mean kids. 270: {NW} No it no just ordinary fences. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Like a chain just got 270: #1 Chain, uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 a chainlink # fence? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Um what might you call a uh uh a gynmasium? 270: A gym? Interviewer: Well what what type of activities are usually done there? 270: Basketball. You know, work-outs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} Uh Interviewer: You mean like a little weight room? 270: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Something like that? 270: That's about all. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh you know they call it the place where the toilets are for school. 270: Bath- restroom. Interviewer: Okay. Would they call it anything else? Any funny terms that you've heard? Or 270: Well when I was in Catholic school they called it lav- lavatories. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Some big words 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 for a little room huh? # Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: Toilet {NW} Interviewer: A toilet, okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Okay have you um what kind of kids went to your schools? Just the- 270: #1 From # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: from from first grade you wanted me Interviewer: #1 to # 270: #2 well # say? Interviewer: From all of 'em. 270: Okay. Interviewer: You know like either religous groups or nationalities? 270: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 Or uh # races, anything like that. 270: Well the first through the third grade it was blacks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Um {NW} fourth grade it was Catholic school was uh the teachers were white. There was like one black teacher but the students were black. And fifth through sixth it was more blacks than white {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: And seventh through eighth it was a mixture. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: And uh ninth grade it was like we had to go out in Brandon to go to school. So it was they uh that it was new. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} It was new to them {D: out there} Interviewer: What kind of kids were there? I mean 270: At first you know they were they didn't accept black school into their school but Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: it eventually you know you could feel the Interviewer: #1 {D: High hopes for some?} # 270: #2 Tension burn # {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 270: But it wasn't fun, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} But it was it was okay after a while. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I was ready to leave Interviewer: {NW} 270: though. {NW} But it was nice. And uh {D: Talbin Tech was} half and half. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: It was nice. Interviewer: Half blacks and half whites? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay have you uh heard of any slang terms uh or names for like oriental people? 270: Chinks. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: Oh. Interviewer: Is that for just any oriental? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {D: to a certain} 270: #1 Jap. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: That's about it. Interviewer: Okay. Would you use uh chinks of japs for Koreans? Or 270: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: just any oriental? 270: Right. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you ever heard any terms for uh Catholics? 270: {NW} Interviewer: That you went to a Catholic school? 270: No. Interviewer: Never heard any any terms for {NS} 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about um Protestants? Have you heard any slang words or uh names for them? {D: Besides} 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. Um how about for Jews? 270: Jews? Nobody around here talk about other people religion. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um um have you heard any terms or or slang words for like Germans? 270: {NW} I probably have but I can't think of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about uh say Low Germans or Italians? 270: Italians? {D: Sticks} {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} That's that's what I s- that's all. Interviewer: Okay. How about say for um Poles or Russians or Czechoslavakians? 270: Polacks. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. How about uh say for Lithuanians or English or {NW} Irishmen {D: handlers} I guess there's not as many around here. Okay. Um how about for um {NS} um 270: {NW} Interviewer: Scots or French or Cajuns? 270: Oh {NW} um oh Cajun. {NW} Um you want me to say them? Interviewer: Sure. I mean don't don't worry about it, it's a laguage study. 270: Cracker. {NW} Interviewer: Crackers? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Rednecks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's all. Interviewer: Okay. When when you say crackers what uh do you mean just what I mean what would be your definition of a of a cracker? 270: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 You know # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: describe a a cracker or a redneck. 270: A redneck is is a {D: hon-} is a white person that {D: not that they} don't like don't like you know black people. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} Crackers like niggers. It's just some a putdown. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's all. {NW} If he- if I see that you don't care for me too much, that's what I'd say. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Do you know any any terms like that for uh say blacks u- and and whites? 270: What do you mean uh if Interviewer: Slang terms or anything like that for that you've heard? 270: {NW} Uh-uh. I probably don't understand what you mean. Interviewer: Okay. Um have you ev- heard any uh uh like names for like white people or or black people? Some- something like niggers or say for whites? Or other terms for blacks? 270: {X} Interviewer: Don't worry, I won't I won't be offended or any- {NS} 270: That's what I call a a white person, a cracker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I wouldn't do it because Interviewer: Well I mean {NS} that that you've heard. You know 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah} # 270: #2 {X} # 270: {X} {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call 'em honkies or 270: Oh yeah. I couldn't think of that, honkies. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 270: {NW} {NS} And then black colored. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} Okay. Uh do you know any any words like that for like Greeks? Or Cubans? 270: {D: What} I would call him Cuban a spic also. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Okay how about for uh like Puerto Ricans? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um 270: They're all the same to me. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Look all 270: #1 They all # Interviewer: #2 the same. # 270: {X} Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. {NS} How about for uh {NS} Mexicans or Sc- Scandinavians? Canadians? 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay. Now would you call a Mexican a spic too? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um Okay what would would be some uh names for like uh political groups? 270: What do you mean? Democratic? Interviewer: Yeah 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 270: Democratic, Republican. That's the only two name of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever h- heard any funny names? Or anything for Democrats or Republicans? 270: {D: Plant} {NW} Interviewer: {D: Bud} Okay. 270: {NW} Um demos. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {X} Not really. Interviewer: Oh. Okay. Um okay what uh what would be um your {NS} uh {NS} your definition of what would be called a hippy? I mean what if somebody says he's a hippy, {NS} you know what what would 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 be # 270: I'd get on him about it. {NW} Interviewer: Pa- pardon me? 270: I would get on him about it. Interviewer: #1 Really? # 270: #2 Cuz # 270: I don't I don't see it's just a a word that old older people use {X} {NW} Anybody that wears jeans or {D: belts} {X} has long hair. Interviewer: Yeah. 270: I would say there was no no such word. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 270: That's it. Interviewer: #1 That's just what # 270: #2 {D: Uh-huh.} # Interviewer: some some older people 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 call it? # Interviewer: Okay. Okay that's that's interesting. Um okay what uh what might you call your your best friend? 270: {NW} {X} buddy. Interviewer: Okay. Would you call 'em anything else? 270: Pal. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what might you call a uh somebody that like stands in for a a parent? 270: A guardian. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Anything {NS} else? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay, would you ever call 'em like a big brother or 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: anything like that? Okay. Um okay um did you ever um have say {D: like three} uh like a general word for the kids you used to play with in uh you know grade school? 270: Playmates? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever like call 'em the gang or something or 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: No. Most of the people that went to school with me didn't ever I never played with 'em, I've been in school with 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Cuz they probably live way somewhere else. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 {D: They} # Interviewer: Okay. Um okay when uh a new kid moved into the neighborhood did uh do they ever have any type of initiation type thing? You know to be accepted in the group? 270: {NW} Not not really, if he was friendly he would play with you know but other than that, you know, we'll introduce ourself or and we'd just start being friends but it wasn't anything Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um 270: It was only one like that since I've been here. {NW} Interviewer: What's that? Uh 270: One friend that moved in. {D: Be here} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Cuz everyone around here has been living here for about seventeen years. Interviewer: Wow. 270: {NW} Interviewer: That's a long class. O- it's a long time. Um okay what kinda uh games did you used to play when you were a little kid? 270: {NW} Hopscotch. Jumprope. Baseball. Football. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Foursquare. Um Interviewer: You used to play foursquare I did too, that's 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: great.} # Interviewer: You're a little bit too big for the squares 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 now but # 270: Oh I still play every now and then if you know if I don't have nothing to do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: If somebody's out there, I'll go play. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Softball. Fumble. {NW} Interviewer: Fumble? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What is what is that? 270: Fumble? Um it's someone is the it's the baseball and you know the ball a bat {NW} and um they have the catcher and the hitter and everybody else be out in the in the field and the pitcher pitches at the uh the hitter and he hits it and if anybody stops the ball without fumbling, then it's his turn to to bat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: and it just keeps on like that. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {D: but if} # the catcher gets it hits when he could catch the ball the person swings at it and misses. Interviewer: Oh you have to catch it in the air? 270: You could it could roll to you but you can't fumble with it. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 270: #2 If you # fumble then the person keeps on hitting. Interviewer: Ah. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Alright} # Interviewer: Yeah we used to play a game when we were kids uh we'd call it five-hundred and somebody would get up and hit the ball, if you caught it in the air it was like a hundred points 270: {NW} Interviewer: or if you caught it on one bounce it was like seventy-five 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: and if you got your teeth knocked out you lost 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: It's one of those things. Um did you ever play any uh uh games where you make lines and run the lines or anything like that? 270: It's um Interviewer: Like with a bunch of kids? 270: Dodgeball. Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 {D: you say outs} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Alright} # 270: uh run. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: You know grounders. Interviewer: What how do you play that? 270: Oh whe- you know you run and then you pass on the other stick and you keep running {NW} then you you uh you know um {NW} Interviewer: Um uh let's see yeah I think I know where they played it in something like they have in the Olympics? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah uh what do they call that? 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh gaw I used to know. Yeah yeah I know I know what you're talking, it's like a team sport. 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Um did you ever play any games with uh using a tin can? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 And you # kick it? {NW} Interviewer: Yes. 270: Soccer. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay did did you ever play any like rough games other than you know football? 270: No, besides basketball. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 270: And football is {D: some roughing up but} Interviewer: Okay. Um did you did you ever play any games with like a {D: knife} or rope or 270: {NW} Interviewer: marbles? 270: Oh marbles. Interviewer: Or jacks or anything like that? 270: Yeah. Uh-huh. Interviewer: What what would what were the games you played with any of those? Can you kind of describe 'em? 270: Uh jack stones. {NW} {NS} Play you know you go to jacks. And uh used to have bicycles {NS} you know. We tied a rope to a each bicycle {NW} and the first person leads you off and you can't go your own way cuz the rope was tied to you. {NW} Interviewer: Oh. 270: {NW} Interviewer: That's {D: like a} great game {D: you know} 270: {NW} It was fun. You know what if you fell? Uh Interviewer: Everybody else 270: #1 would # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: fall off Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah it's} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 a real game, you know? # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay and you s- you said you used to play with marbles? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Ha- what were the games you played? 270: Just regular marbles shoot We had and uh knock the marbles out of the ring. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um okay what uh what would you call a lot of people who get together you know a lot of your friends and stuff and listen to music and 270: Get together. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call that anything else? 270: A small party or {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever go out and boogie? {D: Anything?} 270: Yeah. {NW} Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Did uh what what kinda records do you like to listen to, just just general 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 areas # records? 270: Rock. Soul music. Any kind except some uh classical music I like to listen to but not all the time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh what kinds of of rock do you like to listen to? 270: You know like Kiss {NW} I like um hard rock {NS} and {X} auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} 270: Buddy Miles. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Some of his music. Interviewer: Just when he plays with Jimi Hendrix? 270: Uh-huh. auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} Interviewer: Hendrix is good. I got a couple of {D: 'em} auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} 270: Funk music. Gospel. I like Elton John. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {NW} I like um Barry Manilow. I like just about all kind of music. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 Except # blues. {NW} I don't like blues that much. Interviewer: What uh whe- when you say rock I mean are there different kinds of rock? I mean do you dis- distunguish between say hard rock with easy rock? Or 270: Uh acid rock {NW} that's yeah. {D: What can I} {NS} I'm trying to think of who Interviewer: Would Hendrix would you consider Hendrix 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: acid rock? 270: Uh-huh. {NW} And soft rock is somebody like Isley Brothers or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: something like that you know? {NS} Interviewer: Um okay um is there anything about life in in Tampa that you expect me to ask about that I didn't? 270: {NW} What clubs you know are most popular. {C: telephone ringing} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you go to the beach very much? 270: If I go to the beach, I wouldn't swim. {NW} I- if Interviewer: You wouldn't swim? 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: I would the last time I went to the beach {NS} it wasn't that many peop- I would swim if there wasn't that many people on the beach but {NW} out there on the causeway back on Saturday and Sundays it's packed, you know? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: And I'm kinda shy so I don't swim out there but it's another little pond area in Brandon that I that I go to Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 I would # swim out there. It's uh Lithia Springs. Interviewer: Oh yeah. You know I think I've seen the signs for it. 270: Uh-huh. {NW} They s- that's a nice place. But as far as the out there {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: I have been in there with my clothes on. {NW} Interviewer: Oh really? There's a um uh I went up to that uh uh saw that beach, you know that 270: Causeway? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh I think like the next day the well right in the paper there's 270: Sharks. Interviewer: there's sharks out here 270: {D: That's why} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 270: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: You get out there and you know, feet don't fail me now. {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay um okay tell me w- what is your opinion on like uh standards of correctness in language? 270: {NW} Um think you can do that. {NW} Um it's wrong cuz everybody's gonna speak the way they wanna speak anyway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I know I will. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: Okay} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: Um cuz my momma teach telling me to speak correct English. And I won't around her but I try to outside. Interviewer: You think it helps people to you know speak correct English? 270: {X} {NS} I- it's up to the person cuz I couldn't say. I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: {X} Interviewer: You bet. {NS} {NS} Okay. Um uh okay if a man gets up and uh start working just as the sun comes into his sight y- you say he has to start work at 270: Dawn. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 270: Daybreak. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever s- would you be more apt to say sun-up or sunrise? {NS} 270: Sun-up. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if sombody asked you um what time did the sun rise this morning what would you say? The sun auxiliary: {C: overlapping audio, inaudible interview speech} Interviewer: And then you might say the sun has 270: Risen. Interviewer: Okay. You you got it. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Um # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Then you might ask me, what time did the sun 270: Rise up Interviewer: Okay. auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} Interviewer: if somebody works until the sun went out of sight you say he auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} Interviewer: Okay if today is Saturday 270: Uh-huh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay if today is Saturday then Friday was 270: Yesterday. Interviewer: Okay auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} Interviewer: okay if somebody came uh on Saturday if he came a week earlier than last Saturday you say he came here when? 270: Week before last. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if um if sombody's going to leave like next S- Saturday a week beyond Saturday, he'll be where? 270: Week after next. Interviewer: Okay. This is this is thinking chair. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay if uh somebody stayed say from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about 270: The mid of this month. {NW} Interviewer: Okay or 270: Until {X} {NW} until the mid of this month? Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if today is Saturday then Sunday is? 270: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay if you want to know the time you ask somebody 270: What time is it? Interviewer: Okay. And they might look at their 270: Watch. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay if it's {C: telephone ringing} uh midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you say it's 270: Seven-thirty. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Without using seven-thirty 270: Half-past. Interviewer: Okay. You pick this up quick. Um okay if it's uh ten-forty-five what time would you say it is? 270: Quarter to eleven. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite 270: A long time. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh would would I 270: Quite a while. Interviewer: Okay. Okay perfect. auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} Interviewer: Okay if nineteen-seventy-five auxiliary: {C: unknown speaker} 270: Next year. {NW} Interviewer: Or seventy-six nineteen-seventy-five was last year. Nineteen-seventy-six is 270: This year. Interviewer: Yeah. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Another trick question # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: there. {NW} Okay if a uh child has had his third birthday you say he is 270: Three-years old. Interviewer: Okay. And if some- something happened uh on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly 270: This time last year {D: what} that's what I would use. Interviewer: Okay. Or {C: silence} Interviewer: if uh s- something happened on this day last year you say it happened exactly when? 270: The same time? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: One year ago? Interviewer: Okay. Or if you didn't want to use one you might say a 270: A year ago. Interviewer: Okay. Sure. 270: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um okay if you look up at the sky uh you might see what? Those big fluffy things? 270: Clouds. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: Pollution. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: pollution? Okay. Um the kind of day when the s- uh sun is shining with no clouds in the sky uh what kinda day would you call that? 270: Sunny. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay on the opposite kind of day like say last night? 270: Rain Interviewer: Okay. How about if it wasn't raining? If the clouds were just all over the sky? 270: {X} Storming but it use that even it's a even if it's not raining. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it like a a gloomy day or 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: uh 270: Bad day. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay if it's been nice out and the clouds start to come up and it looks like it's gonna get worse what how would you describe the weather? Say the weather is 270: Terrible. {NW} Interviewer: {D: Okay.} 270: No um it's just {X} Interviewer: Would you say it was uh changing or churning? Or threatening? Breaking? 270: Changing. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if it's been cloudy outside and then the clouds pull away and the sun comes out you say the weather is 270: Changing. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. What else might you say? 270: It's uh getting the sun's coming up. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say the weather uh is going to clear up or fair off? 270: Clearing off. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what would you call a uh a heavy rain that lasts only a little while? 270: Shower. Interviewer: Okay. A real heavy rain? 270: Um just rain. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {D: Rain} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay um okay um what what does the wind do? 270: Blows. Interviewer: Okay. Um then you might say yesterday the wind 270: Blew. Interviewer: Okay. And certain times it has 270: Blown. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if the wind is coming from the uh some say from Miami 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: what direction would you say it's coming from? 270: East. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 West. # {NW} Interviewer: Or 270: Wait a minute. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Miami. 270: Miami? South. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: I get confused. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: I think it's yeah I'm trying to figure out cuz somebody asked me which way was Miami and I I told 'em it went out that way to Miami but somewhere along the line you get on the turnpike and go another way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: And I couldn't answer which way to go. Interviewer: Oh Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Um okay if the wind is halfway coming halfway between the south and the west it's coming from 270: Southwest. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And halfway between the south and the east. 270: Southeast. Interviewer: Okay. And halfway between the east and the north? 270: Northeast. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And halfway between the west and the north? 270: Northwest. Interviewer: Okay. Okay if it's uh raining but not raining very hard just a few fine drops coming down 270: Sprinkling. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would you call the uh the heavy white mist that comes off the rivers or {D: pines} 270: Fog. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say the weather is very 270: Foggy. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if if there's no rain for weeks and weeks you might say you're having a 270: A a dry- Interviewer: #1 {D: Or} # 270: #2 dry # weather. {NW} Dry weather? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {D: I think} # Interviewer: Um woul- would you be more apt to call it a a drought? 270: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Or # 270: a drought. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 Drought. # Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if the wind has been very gentle and it's gradually getting stronger uh you say it's doing what? 270: Picking up {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if it's just the opposite and it's been blowing real hard 270: Ceasing. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Anything # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: else? 270: Um 's about to stop. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: I don't know. Interviewer: What would you say it would say the wind would be laying down? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Going down? Or letting up? 270: letting up. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um looking at a {D: are there questions} okay if uh you come out on a on a cold morning in the winter and the air seems to go right through you you say it's what kind of 270: piercing Interviewer: Okay. Um okay say on a morning in the fall you know like when you first go outside if the climate's cold but not disagreeably cold uh you say it's 270: Cool. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um say if it was uh if there's a white coating on the ground uh you'd say you had a 270: A {D: tree fall} Interviewer: Pardon 270: #1 chill # Interviewer: #2 me? # 270: {NW} you mean a a Interviewer: Yeah, that white stuff. 270: That's dew. Interviewer: Okay what if it had frozen? Okay woul- would you be more apt to call it a frost or a 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 freeze? # 270: Frost. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay you might say it was so cold last night, the lake did what? {NS} 270: Froze? Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} okay if you okay if you put water in a freezer the water will 270: Chill. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or it gets hard 270: It'll freeze. Interviewer: Okay. And if you've done it several times um {D: much so} {NW} say several times the water has 270: Frozen. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay could you draw like a a diagram on the back of this of your just the layout of your house? So we can get the rooms of the house? 270: {NW} Oh wow. Interviewer: We don't praise on the 270: {NW} Interviewer: artistic ability. 270: Okay. Okay, this is a bigger room. {NW} {D: these two} {X} {NW} I'm trying to think of what it is. That's the um you know like over here is my room. {D: And uh} my brother's room. My mother's room, this the bathroom. Then um {X} Interviewer: Okay can you label each each of the rooms for me please? 270: Uh {NS} Um That's {NW} Interviewer: Okay, sure. Okay what uh can you just read {D: which} rooms off for me? 270: Living room. Kitchen. Um ba- bedrooms. And the bathroom. Okay okay. Um okay um okay what would you call the room that uh where you might entertain guests? Living room? Interviewer: #1 {D: Okay} # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And how how high would you say the ceilings are in here? 270: About twelve feet. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you hve a uh a a fireplace th smoke goes up through the 270: Chimney. Interviewer: Okay. And if if there was something like that on a factory what would you call that? 270: Up- a smoke pipe or chimney. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {D: fan} Interviewer: Same thing though? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Um what might you call the uh the open place uh on or in front of a uh fireplace 270: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Never had fireplaces? 270: No {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um well could could you pronounce this this word? 270: Uh {NW} Interviewer: have you ever 270: #1 A # Interviewer: #2 seen # 270: hearth? A Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what might you call the things in the fireplace that you lay the wood across if you had a fireplace? 270: {NW} I I don't Interviewer: Okay. Might might wanna speak up just a little bit {X} 270: Okay. Interviewer: {X} okay do you would you know what the um the place above the fireplace that little shelf that uh 270: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Sometimes people put vases on it or something? 270: Uh-huh. M- mantle. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. And then the big round piece of wood that you put in a fireplace 270: A log. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay what what uh might you call the wood that you use to start a fire? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay have would you have you ever heard somebody call it kindling? 270: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 I # I don't I don't know much about Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 fireplaces. # {NW} Interviewer: it's not one of your your 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 favorite hobbies # 270: or something? Okay. Um what uh what might you call the the black stuff that you get Smut? {NW} Interviewer: Okay, what else might you call it? 270: Um {NW} that's all {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um do you call it soot or soot? 270: Yeah I've heard it but yeah. We get it in the heater also. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What well what would you call it then? 270: {NW} um soot. Okay. Interviewer: #1 you ha- # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you have a look of doubt on your 270: {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # I don't know {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you had a fireplace what would be left after the fire had died out? 270: Ashes. Interviewer: Okay. Um if there was a colorless paper then you would have 270: {NW} I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Is there a colorless paper? 270: Um {NW} Interviewer: What 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what color is it? # 270: #1 white. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: Oh that's what you was asking me? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Oh {NW} I thought you had a a name for uh I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. So if it was this color 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: you 270: #1 White. # Interviewer: #2 know? # 270: White. Interviewer: Okay. 270: White ashes. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay and the things that woul- that piece of {D: grocery} over there, what would that be called? 270: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay and the thing {X} 270: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um can you kind of describe some {X} 270: {X} {D: Christmas flowers} um you want the color too? Interviewer: Sure. 270: Brown. {NW} Tan. Green. Orange. Blue. White. {NW} Scared of the white. Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay um what uh what what would you call the the piece of furniture in your uh bedroom that has drawers in it? You know 270: Dresser drawer. Interviewer: Okay. what what would you call the whole piece of furniture? 270: A dresser. Interviewer: Okay. Um have you ever seen an old- fashioned piece of uh 270: #1 A bureau. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {X} it's on our house. Interviewer: Okay what what is the is there any difference that you know of between a bureau and a dress of drawers? 270: Um a dresser it's usually long with a mirror on it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 and a # 270: bureau we got it's tall dresser with only drawers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um Okay and then everything together like that tables and chairs and stuff that would be called your {D: Stuff?} 270: #1 Ma- uh # Interviewer: #2 Or uh # 270: living rooms {X} That's what I call it. Interviewer: Okay. How about just everything in the house? 270: Furniture. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what what might you call the uh the things hanging on the windows 270: {D: Webber} curtains. Interviewer: Okay. How about if it was one of those things that you pull down? 270: Shade? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about if they were uh {D: that} what would you call a uh like a little room off uh the bedroom that you'd hang your clothes up in? 270: Closet. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you didn't have a a built-in closet what might you have? 270: Um Interviewer: Weird house. 270: {NW} A built- what you mean if it wasn't there already? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: They have a a little uh I don't know what you call it but it's it's a tall Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you seen it? 270: Are doors on 'em? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Hm. I don't know what you call them though. Interviewer: {X} where where did you see them at? 270: Um my a friend of mine mother have one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Okay well they used they used to call 'em wardrobes. 270: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um okay and the room that's {D: off} of the house just under the roof is called 270: The attic. Interviewer: Okay. And the room that you you you already got that uh okay what would you call the uh like the little room off the kitchen where you store your canned goods? 270: Cabinet? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} is is that like {D: a little} room by itself? 270: Well {NW} um we have a we have cabinets on the {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 the walls. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I don't know about any other Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 kind. # Interviewer: Okay. So you you ever seen something that you might call a a pantry? 270: {D: No} I've heard of it but I've never Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 never seen # one. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what might you call a lot of old worhtless things that you're about to throw away? 270: Trash. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um {X} {C: silence} {C: tape distortion} Okay. um {D: this is} a room that you that you might use to store odds and ends in. What would you call that room? 270: We have a uh a mini-closet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: We put linen and uh other things in it. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: wou- would you ever have something called like a junk room or a storage room? 270: Uh- Interviewer: #1 Or # 270: #2 uh. # Interviewer: plunder room? 270: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Um if you were uh if your mother went around you know like mopping the floor and cleaning the windows, 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 dust # everything off, what would you say she was doing? Cleaning up. 270: Okay. Um {D: see} if a a broom was uh {D: kinda} {NW} if the door opened up and a broom was in the corner Interviewer: Uh-huh. and the door was in front of the broom then you'd say the broom was where in relation to the door? 270: Close? {NW} Interviewer: Or um it was {X} say if you have a like the corner of the room, like that? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And you had a door open up like this {D: or not} {D: on that} 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 the # broom's standing right here #1 Okay you say # 270: #2 That's weird. # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Huh? # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: I said that's that's weird. Interviewer: #1 {D: You don't ha-} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: I'm not really good at uh 270: {NW} Interviewer: an artist or not Well if #1 You said # 270: #2 I'm trying to # figure out which way Interviewer: Okay if 270: standing there? Standing? Interviewer: Yes. The door hinge. 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. If it's not in front of it 270: Is it behind it? Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 Oh that's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Oh it doesn't look behind it, does it? 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what uh might you call both your washing and ironing together? 270: {NW} Washing. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um did you ever call it your laundry? Or anything like that? 270: Not me. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay how would you get from the um first floor to the second floor on the inside of a house? 270: Walk up the stairs. Interviewer: Okay. And if um you had some of those things on the front of your house what would you call 'em? 270: Steps. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh is sometimes built um outside the door, you know that you walk on sometimes, put the chair {D: right on} sit out there? 270: Carport. Interviewer: Okay. How about if it was at uh your front front door? 270: {NW} Uh walkway. Interviewer: Okay. Woul- would you ever call it a um a porch? 270: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 {D: Or anything} # 270: #2 Porch. # 270: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um what if it was on like the second floor of a two-story building? 270: Balcony? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um if if the door is open and you don't want it to be that way what would you say to someone? 270: Shut the door. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what might you call the um the kind of construction where boards overlap each other like on the side of your house? Do you did you ever hear anybody call that something? 270: That'd be a frame house. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's what you want? Uh Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Yeah, a framehouse. Interviewer: Wel ha- ha- have you ever heard um people call the boards anything? 270: {NW} {D: I don't know} Interviewer: Weatherboarding or 270: Uh-huh. No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you got into your car you say you're going to do what with it? 270: Drive? Interviewer: Okay. And you might say yesterday I 270: Drove. Interviewer: Okay. And several times I have 270: Driven. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay and then the part of the house that uh covers the top would be 270: Roof. Interviewer: Okay. And uh those little things that go along the edge of your house? To catch the 270: Corner. Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: {NW} the corners? {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: no um go around the edge of the house? Interviewer: Yeah the you know as the rain comes off the roof get's caught in these things. Take it away? 270: I know what you're talking about but I don't I don't know the name of 'em. Interviewer: Okay would would you ever call 'em uh {D: easetrots} or uh gutters? Or 270: I would I w- I never have named 'em. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You saw 'em but # 270: #1 {NW} Yeah {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: don't know} what you'd call 'em # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh what would you call the the place on your roof where like where point comes together like this? 270: Mm-hmm. And then the other part of the roof comes like this and there's that little uh place where leaves get caught? You have to lay a piece of tin there to keep it from leaking? A pipe. {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: A {D: pipe?} Interviewer: Okay. Would you call it anything else? 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what might you call a little building that you use for like storing tools? 270: A utility room? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. How about if you have some firewood? Well you don't have a fireplace. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Well if you if you did have some firewood what might you call it? 270: A woodshed. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um what might you call uh an outdoor toilet? 270: {NW} um Interviewer: Other than a long {D: road} 270: {NW} Um {NS} outhouse. Interviewer: Okay. Okay have you ever heard anybody um call it any funny words that you remember? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: {D: oh it's} {NW} no, it's alright. Interviewer: What's that? 270: {NW} That's alright, go ahead. Interviewer: What what 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 what are you thinking? # 270: That's alright. Interviewer: {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: You're thinking of something, 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I can tell. # 270: {NW} Interviewer: What what 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 do they call it? # 270: I'd rather not okay uh a shithouse. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Well I mean it get's the point across. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Well 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Um uh okay if um there was a noise outside um somebody might ask you, did you 270: Hear that. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say no but yesterday I 270: Heard it. Interviewer: O- #1 kay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And several times I have 270: Uh-oh. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: Have heard it. Interviewer: Okay 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 yeah, sure. # Interviewer: Um okay if if I ask you if you know a person you might say no but I 270: Knew 'em. Interviewer: Or 270: Have known. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or um do you ever say I've heard or hear tell? 270: Uh-uh. I've heard of 'em. Interviewer: Oh okay. 270: Might hear tell. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Um okay would you uh be more apt to say uh um I haven't or I 270: Ain't. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um {NW} okay if um okay if somebody asks you uh does your brother like ice cream you might yes he 270: Yes he does. Interviewer: Okay. Sure. {D: Does he} {D: really?} 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay would you uh be more apt to say uh he doesn't care or he don't care? 270: Both. It depends. {NW} Interviewer: {X} it depends 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 on on what? # 270: what I meant {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} okay which one would you use where? 270: At home I would use don't Interviewer: Uh- 270: #1 You # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 270: know. If I was somewhere I I would use doesn't. Interviewer: Oh okay. 270: The same with ain't {NW} Interviewer: The same with ain't? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. That's interesting. Um okay um okay this whole building would be called 270: A house. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 A home. # Interviewer: If you have two of 'em you have two 270: Houses. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what sort of buildings might be on a farm? 270: A barn. A A farmhouse? Um chicken coop? {NW} Um {NW} Interviewer: That's about it. {X} 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {X} {C: silence} {X} {C: silence} {NS} Okay what's what what would be smaller than a a barrel that uh like nails might come in? 270: I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Uh cou- would you call it a keg? 270: I've never heard of it. Interviewer: Okay. Woul- would you say the word that word for me please? 270: Keg? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Uh what was the fad that was I think it was around uh in the sixties where they put this big thing around people's waist and spin it around? 270: Huh? Interviewer: They call 'em hula 270: oh hula hoops? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh what uh what was it that you could you would put in a bottle like if you wanted to put a top on a bottle? Kinda {C: popping sound} put it in there? What would you call that thing? 270: Cork? Interviewer: Okay. Uh would it have to made out of any certain material to call it a cork? 270: Um no Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh if it was made out of s- like rubber or something 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 would you call it # 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 or # 270: #2 A # cork? Interviewer: Okay. Um what was the uh the musical instrument that kids used to play? It's about this long and had a bunch of little holes in the end and they'd 270: Harmonica? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. Um okay have you ever seen a uh one of those things that kids used to pluck? You know {NW} 270: Naw. Interviewer: Okay. {D: Ow} okay what uh what would be the tool that you might use to uh put a nail in the wall that. 270: A hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if you had a horse I mean if you had a wagon and two horses uh do you know what you might call the pole that comes out between the two horses? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh o- and then if you had a a horse and a a buggy, the two metal, I mean the two wooden things that come up on either side of the horse 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh um do you know anything at all about 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: wooden wagons or anything like that? 270: {NW} No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Don't worry about it. Uh okay if a man had a a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along uh you say he was doing what? 270: Uh {D: reclaiming} all the wood? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh-huh. What else might you say? Would you say he was hauling some wood or ca- uh carting some wood? Or drawing wood? 270: {D: Claiming} {NW} Interviewer: Oh okay. Um okay if there was a like a log across the road and you wanted to get out wanted to get it out of the way uh what what might you do to it? 270: {NW} Drag it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if you did that then you might say yesterday I 270: Uh-oh. Drug? Interviewer: Okay. And then if you'd had done it several times you might several times I have 270: Dragged. Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um 270: {D: I think} Interviewer: okay what uh what would be the tool that you'd use to uh break ground with? Like if you were going to plant something? You know, if you pull it behind a horse? 270: Um Interviewer: Begins with a P. 270: A p- Interviewer: Call it a plow? 270: Oh. Interviewer: Okay woul- would you say that word at least? 270: Plow. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay then after you've plowed now what might you use to uh break the ground up even finer? Do you know of any tool that {D: could} do that? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what is it that the um wheels of the wagon fit onto? 270: {NW} Axel? Interviewer: Okay. 270: {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um 270: {NW} Interviewer: If uh what might you call the uh uh the the X-shape frame that you might like lay a log across? Have you ever seen one of those? 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay. How about if it was uh like A-frame? You know seen carpenters have you ever s- do you know what I'm talking about? 270: A a table of some kind? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Is there a name for that type of table that you know of? 270: No I don't know Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh okay and then you straighten your hair with a comb and a 270: {NW} I don't know. A comb and a a brush? Interviewer: Sure. 270: Oh Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 270: #2 well # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: Meant} {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And then if you're gonna use a brush you might say I'm going to 270: Brush. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what do you do what is it that you put in revolvers? What do you call that? 270: Bullets. Interviewer: Okay, is there any other name? 270: No. {D: I don't know.} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay have you ever seen pens that have this have ink in these little uh round tubes? 270: Felt pen? Interviewer: Well 270: not felt pen, um yeah I seen 'em um {NW} I don't know what you call it though. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NW} Let's see. Well if uh 270: Oh cartridge? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. 270: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Uh # {NW} okay and if you uh had a straight razor and you wanna sharpen it you use a leather what? 270: Belt? Interviewer: Okay. What what else might you call that? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Have you have you ever 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 been in a # barber shop? You see those things hanging down #1 from the # 270: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: chairs? 270: When I was small Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Do you have you ever heard somebody call that anything? They call it a razor 270: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 I don't # know. Interviewer: Uh okay. If uh {C: train whistle} okay if somebody if have you ever seen somebody that they've taken a plank and then uh or just a a solid piece of lumber and they put a plank across it and kids get on either side? 270: A see-saw? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. Uh okay what if there was a a a plank something anchoring uh in the ground like this and then a kid would uh put a screw through it a me- uh jeez a plank like this and then spin around on it? What might you call that? 270: Um I don't know. A merry-go-round? Interviewer: Sure. 270: Oh Interviewer: Sure, yeah. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and then if s- somebody w- had a a see-saw what would you say they were doing on it? 270: See-sawing? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if you tied a say two long ropes on a tree and then put a seat on it so kids go back- 270: Swing. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and what what might you carry coal in? If you had a coal stove or something? 270: {NW} {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay what what might run form like the stove to the chimney? 270: Uh {C: train whistle} what'd you say a what what go through it or Interviewer: Or what goes from you know, those old pot-belly stoves to the chimney. There's 270: #1 Oh uh # Interviewer: #2 a pipe there. # 270: Yeah, a pipe? Interviewer: Okay. 270: Smokepipe. Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um have you ever seen people like on construction jobs or something that um they have this thing with one wheel and they hold it like this? 270: A wheelbarrow? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And if if you had a like a dull knife or something. You know a dull knife or a uh well say a dull knife, what what would you sharpen it on? 270: A knife-sharpener. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever seen those uh stones or rocks that are made for knives? 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: Um have you ever seen something like that that has a wheel? If it 270: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 turns? # 270: yeah. But I don't know the name of it. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and the thing that uh that you drive around {D: or when} the thing that you got outside? 270: A car? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if something's squeaking to uh keep it from squeaking what do you do to it? 270: Oil it. Interviewer: Okay. How about if it was the thicker stuff? 270: Uh grease it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and then if you did it yesterday, you might say yesterday I 270: Greased it. Interviewer: Okay. And if you got the stuff all over your hands, you say my hands are all 270: Greasy. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what what is it that you might use to burn in a a lamp? 270: Oil. Um kerosene? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. And then uh have you ever seen like a uh a a makeshift lamp made with a bottle? And some kerosene and a rag stuffed in the top of it? 270: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you know what that was called or 270: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Uh okay the uh toothpaste comes in a Interviewer: Tube. 270: Okay. Uh okay if you had just built a boat and were putting it in the water you'd say you were going to Interviewer: Do what to the boat? 270: Test it? Interviewer: Okay. What else might you say? 270: Try it out? Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: How about uh like down in was it Cape Canaveral right now or is it Cape Kennedy? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: One of the two. Uh what what do they do there? 270: Launch it. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay what uh what kind of boat would you go fishing in on a small lake? Can you kinda describe it to me? 270: It's a small boat uh with paddles. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 It could # be motor too or Interviewer: Yeah. 270: um it's sort of flat. {NW} Interviewer: Oh flat? O- 270: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 kay. # 270: not flat but it's um it's low to the water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Do- # Interviewer: What about the point of the boat? Would it 270: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 be square or # Interviewer: flat 270: Point like #1 this. # Interviewer: #2 oh # pointed? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Oh. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Um would have you ever heard anybody call it that kind of boat any name? Fishing boat. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You know 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: you should tell me} the fishing boat, huh? # 270: {NW} No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh let's see {NS} okay if a woman uh have you ever gotten anything in the mail that uh like when a new product comes out 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: and they send it to you free? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: It's called a free 270: Sample. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you see a dress that you like very much uh you might say that's a very what kind of dress? 270: Beautiful. Nice dress. Interviewer: Okay. Woul- what else might you say? It's not ugly but it's very 270: Beautiful. It's pretty. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 Beautiful. # o- Interviewer: #1 kay. # 270: #2 Pretty. # {NW} Interviewer: Uh and then if there was a dress that you liked even more than the first one you say the second dress was 270: Beautiful. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. But using pretty. 270: Prettier. Interviewer: Okay, sure. Uh what what might you wear like when you work in the kitchen over your 270: Apron. Interviewer: Okay. And then this thing is known as a 270: Pen. Interviewer: Okay. And the thing that somet- people sometimes use to um hold baby diapers up, it's called a 270: Safety pin. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh let's see, the container that you might uh buy soup in, what would that well in the store? 270: Oh a can. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 270: is it made out of anything special? Um metal. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Is there # any do you know what kind of metal or 270: It could be aluminum, I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. what what else might it be? 270: {NW} um Interviewer: Beginning with a T. 270: Tin. Interviewer: Sure. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} Sure. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And then uh and then a dime is worth 270: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. {D: How} what do you put on uh when you go out in the wintertime? 270: A coat. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then what what might you call the uh thing that would go on say between a sport coat and a shirt? {D: A s-} 270: Sweater. Interviewer: Okay. What else would a might a man use? It's like a a little miniature jacket with the arms cut off. 270: I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what does a suit if you had a three-piece suit? 270: A vest? Interviewer: Sure. 270: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Okay what uh what would a three-piece suit have in it? 270: A j- a jacket. A coat. A vest and pants. Interviewer: Okay. Um um what is it that you might wear if you're working around a like a machine shop or something? 270: You talking about glasses? They have Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: uh Interviewer: What would you call the thing that there's like a pant- 270: Jump suit? Interviewer: Well okay. Okay, is that what you call it? 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Jumpsuit? # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you were working outside or something and uh you needed a hammer what would you tell your your brother? 270: Give me the hammer Interviewer: Okay. Wha- what else might you ask him? Or how else might you say that? 270: Um {NS} would you give me the ham- {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Um okay what uh what might you say to your grandparents when when you were little and they came by to visit you? You might ask 'em what did you 270: {NW} What did Interviewer: If they had a present for you or something you might go up 270: what did you bring me? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Then you might say yesterday they 270: Brought me. Interviewer: okay. And several times they have 270: Brought me. Interviewer: okay, sure. Sure. Uh okay you might say that coat won't fit this year but last year it 270: Fit. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if if your old clothes wore out you would have to buy a 270: New clothes. Interviewer: Or if it you bought a suit you had to buy a 270: New one. New suit? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um if you stuff a lot of things in your in your pockets it makes them? 270: Bulge. Interviewer: Okay. And if you washed a uh like a a shirt that wasn't supposed to be washed in hot water what would happen to it? 270: Fade. Interviewer: Oka- {C: silence} okay. {C: pitch distortion} What else might {X} 270: It'd shrink. Interviewer: Okay. And then you might {C: silence} {C: repeated audio} what else might it {X} 270: Shrink? Interviewer: Okay. And then you might say yesterday the shirt 270: Shrunk. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And several shirts have 270: Shrunk. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay when a girl goes out to a party and getting ready you say she likes to what? 270: Dress up? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um what would what do you call the um small leather container like with a clasp on it that women would carry money in? 270: Wallet. Interviewer: Okay. What else? 270: Purse? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um what what does a woman wear sometimes wear around her wrist? 270: Bracelet. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay so s- suppose there were a lot of little things strung up together used to go around your neck? 270: Ne- {C: silence} Necklace? Interviewer: Okay. Did your uh {C: pitch distortion} okay would would you be more apt to call say if they were beads or something would you call 'em if there were two of 'em would you call 'em a string of beads or a pair of beads? 270: String of beads. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what uh do men well what did men used to wear to hold up their trousers? Or without a b- belts? 270: Uh suspenders. Interviewer: Okay. And that thing that you hold over your head when you've got when it's raining? 270: Umbrella. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay what what was the last thing you put on a bed? 270: Spread. Interviewer: Okay. Um what o- what other different kinds of things would be on uh somebody's bed? 270: {NW} Um a pair of sheets. A pillow. And a spread. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you ever have a something thick? Or something like uh 270: Or a pad. Interviewer: Okay. How about a um something that might keep you warm that was real thick? 270: Blanket. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you ever remember anything that's something like a pillow that that went all the way across the bed? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you have a uh a a blanket but it was thicker, 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: it had some stuffing inside? 270: Quilt? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. You ever seen th- those ladies quilting bees? 270: {NW} Interviewer: They sit around sowing all that stuff #1 together? # 270: #2 on # T.V. {NW} Interviewer: Huh? 270: On T.V. Interviewer: Yeah. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh okay what uh what might you call a kind of a makeshift uh sleeping place on the floor that children might sleep on? 270: Um I don't know, just a Interviewer: {X} 270: you talking about #1 a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: sleeping bag or #1 something? # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # Something like that. 270: Oh. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you were a farmer {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: um you might say uh we expect a big yield from that field cuz the soil is very 270: Moist. Interviewer: Okay. Or if it had a lotta fertilizer on it you might say the soil is very 270: Uh wow. Interviewer: Fer- 270: Fertilized? {NW} Uh fertile? Interviewer: Yeah. Sure. 270: Oh {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay what uh what might you call um flat uh lowland along a stream? 270: Graze {NW} Interviewer: Pardon? 270: A graze uh {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} How about um a field that might be good for nothing other than raising grass or clover? Alfalfa, something like that? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose there was some land that had water standing on it for a good part of the time wha- what might you call that? There's a lot of {D: this in} Florida. 270: Puddles? Interviewer: {NW} Pardon? 270: {NW} puddles. Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Well something like puddles, it's a little bit smaller than that. 270: {NW} Interviewer: It's where alligators and snakes 270: A swamp? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. Have you ever been down there 270: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 by the swamp? # 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: You missed all those alligators? 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay what uh might you call a place where a sea is? Or along the sea? 270: A reef? {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay what uh what different kinds of soil do you have around uh Tampa here? 270: Dry. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: Um dirt. {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. 270: I'm not a farmer. Interviewer: #1 You're not a farmer huh? # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh okay suppose uh somebody was getting water off some uh swamps. You say they are doing what to it? 270: Drying it out? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 Uh # Interviewer: What else might you say? {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Would you say they're draining the swamp? 270: could say that. {NW} Interviewer: {X} what what would you say? 270: Drying it out {NW} Interviewer: Okay. But would you be more apt to say uh they're draining the swamp or they're draining the swamp? 270: {NW} Drying. Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Drying. {D: I don't} Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} what uh might you call a the um thing that you dug t- to drain a swamp? That little kinda like a ditch? Would you call it a ditch or a a canal? Or 270: #1 A ditch. # Interviewer: #2 a trench? # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 270: A ditch. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay have you ever been out in the woods? 270: No. Not really I never was, no. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if there was uh a heavy rainfall and rain had cut out a channel across a field or a road 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: you call that place a what? 270: A puddle? {NW} Interviewer: Well would you ever call it a a a gulley? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} okay what uh what might you call a {NS} a small stream with water? 270: A river? Interviewer: Or if it was smaller than that? 270: A stream, you said it. Interviewer: Sure. Sure, would you call it a stream? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh are there some streams around this area? {NS} 270: No. {NS} There's a river but not a stream. Interviewer: What what river? 270: Hillsborough River. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NW} okay what uh what might you call just a small rise in the land? 270: A hill? Interviewer: Okay. Perfect. And let's see the thing that you would open your door with? 270: A knob. Interviewer: Okay. Um If if it was a lot bigger than a um than a hill 270: A mountain? Interviewer: Sure. Um what might you call the uh the rocky side of a mountain that kind of drops off sharp? 270: Steep? Interviewer: Okay. What woul- what would you call the uh pla- the area where 270: Cliff? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. And then if you had more than one you'd have 270: Cliffs. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you have a piece of wood cut little V- type things in there what would you call those? 270: Ripples? Interviewer: #1 Or # 270: #2 {D: Um} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: you might call it a beginning with an N? 270: Um I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um okay where what would you call the place where boats stop? Where freight is 270: Dock? Interviewer: Okay. Um would you ever call it anything else? 270: No. The dock. Interviewer: You ever been down uh are there docks in Tampa 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 here? # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Where are they at? {C: overlapping exterior audio} 270: they're off of {D: plat-} it's {X} {D: plat-} {D: Paris} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: It's right up up in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever been down there? {NS} 270: My father used to work down there. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {D: Cuz} what did he do? 270: He was a government inspector. Interviewer: Oh yeah. What I mean what did he inspect the ships coming 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 in? # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Just look at the ships themselves and {X} 270: Put the stock inside. Interviewer: Oh wow. Just make sure theres nothing bad between the floors? Or 270: I guess so Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 I was # small {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh different kinds of roads are there around Tampa? 270: {X} Interviewer: Like in what are they made up of? All the roads that you've seen? 270: Um tar. {NW} Bricks they're made from bricks and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Uh trying to think of um I can't think of what the highways are made of. {NS} I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Okay, would um you ever seen some that are that aren't paved at all? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: What would you call those? 270: Dirt roads. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what would you call the little tiny rocks on on the road? 270: Um pebbles. Interviewer: Okay. If they're a little bit bigger than pebbles? 270: Rocks. Interviewer: Okay. Uh would you ever call 'em gravel? 270: I started to say that {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay, go ahead # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 270: Gravel. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um how about if they were white? The roads where white and really hard? 270: That's what I was trying to think of. I can't think of it. Interviewer: Okay would you ever call it uh pavement? or 270: Oh yeah, pavement {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um what might you call a a uh little road that goes off the main road? 270: Side road. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. {C: passing traffic} Uh okay if you came to somebody's farm, you know, like coming down a a public road 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: and came off turned off going down to the man's house 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 what # what would you call that? 270: Driveway? Interviewer: Okay. Uh uh and then something that you along the side of the street for people to walk on? 270: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what is the um um have you ever heard anybody call or name the uh piece of grass between like the sidewalk and the street? 270: {NW} No I haven't heard. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you were walking along the road and a dog jumps out at you and scares you um what would you pick up and throw? 270: A stick. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay. And then what would you say you did with the stick? 270: Threw the stick. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you go to somebody's house and he's not there you say no he was not 270: At home. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if you were talking about uh uh putting milk in coffee you might say some people like it 270: With cream. Interviewer: Okay. And some people like it 270: With- Interviewer: #1 {D: they} # 270: #2 out # cream {NW} Interviewer: #1 Pardon me? # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: no go ahead. 270: Without cream? Interviewer: Sure, okay. Um uh have you heard any other names for coffee without milk and sugar? 270: Black. Interviewer: Okay. Uh-huh. Have you ever heard anybody call it barefooted? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay if someone is not going away from you they're coming 270: Towards me Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you saw someone uh you have not seen for a while you say this morning I what? 270: Saw him. Interviewer: Okay. Would would you would you ever say uh what what would you be more apt to say? Um I ran into him or onto him or across him? 270: Ran into him. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if a a child is given the same name that uh his father has you say they named the child 270: Junior. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Or 270: The third. Um what you trying to um Interviewer: Would you ever say uh they named the child uh at his father? Or from his father or after #1 {X} # 270: #2 After. # After his father. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Okay and the kind of dog that barks No, no. The kind of animal that barks 270: {NW} Dog. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you say to him? 270: Sic him. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if he's uh kind of a mixed breed you'd call him a 270: #1 Mutt. # Interviewer: #2 dog? # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: A mutt. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: Or a Do you want that? Interviewer: #1 Yeah, sure. # 270: #2 {NW} # Okay. Interviewer: How about if it's kind of a worthless little dog? 270: A mutt. Interviewer: Okay. Say if it's real s- small and noisy? 270: Um {NW} squirt. {NW} Interviewer: Squirt? 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what would a dog some dogs do to you? They like to 270: Lick you. Interviewer: Okay if they were mean they like to 270: Bite. Interviewer: Okay. And then you might say that yesterday the dog 270: Bit me. Interviewer: Okay. And several ta- times the dog has 270: Bitten me. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay i- if a mailman got bit by a dog you might say the mailman had to go to the doctor after he got 270: Bitten by a dog. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say uh dogbit? 270: {NW} Not dogbit but might say dogbite but Interviewer: Oh okay. Okay. Um {D: can't} in a herd of cattle what would you call the uh the male with the horns and 270: Bull? Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And then the kind that you might keep for milk 270: Cow. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh okay if if you had a say um okay if you had four of these animals that would pull a cart you say you were driving two what of oxen? 270: Pairs? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um how about if if they were like mules? Would you call 'em just two would you call 'em two pairs of mules too? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay what would you call like a a cow when it's first born? 270: Calf? Interviewer: Okay. And if you had a a a cow uh that was expecting a calf you say the cow was going to 270: Have a calf. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um okay the animals that you might ride are called 270: Horses. Interviewer: Okay. If you had one of 'em you'd have a 270: Horse. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you know if there's a name you know like the male horse? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about for the uh female 270: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 horse? # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um if you had a really bad dream you might say you had a 270: Nightmare. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what do you usually do with horses? 270: Race 'em and Interviewer: Or get on top of 'em and 270: ride {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And then you might say yesterday I 270: Rode. Interviewer: Okay. A- and several times I have 270: Ridden. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay if you couldn't stay on the horse you'd say I fell 270: Off? Interviewer: Okay. And then if a child uh went to sleep in bed and found himself on the floor in the morning 270: Fell out Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 of bed. # Interviewer: Sure, sure. Uh okay and the thing that that you'd put on a horse's feet to protect it from the road 270: Horseshoes? Interviewer: Okay. What what part of the horse's uh foot do you put the shoes on? 270: Front part. Interviewer: Okay. 270: I don't know the name. Interviewer: Okay. What 270: Oh hoof. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And if you had one you'd have a 270: Hoof. Interviewer: Okay, sure. okay have you ever seen uh people play with uh horseshoes? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: Do you know what they call that game? 270: Horseshoe. Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Tough one there uh okay and a male sheep is called a 270: {D: I don't know} Interviewer: {D: you don't} 270: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um how about a a female sheep? Have you ever heard anybody call that 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what is it that sheeps have on their backs? Sheeps sheep have on their backs? 270: Um talking about the uh Interviewer: You know, to make clothes out of. 270: Wool. Interviewer: Okay. Um um what might you call a uh a male hog? 270: A pig {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 I # don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um how about a um like a a male pig that's been uh altered or something? Okay if um if you had a pig or an animal say like um a cat or 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: uh something like that and you didn't want the cat to 270: Oh spayed it? Interviewer: Sure. #1 okay # 270: #2 oh # Interviewer: sure. Um now would you ever call a a pig s- what what might you call a pig sp- {D: spayed it} 270: {X} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um um what w- what might you call a little uh um when they're first born? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about when it gets a little bit older? 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Not a farmer, huh? 270: No Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay how about when it get's full-grown? You know full-grown? 270: A hog? {NW} Interviewer: Okay sure. Um 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay what um what do you call things on a like a hairbrush? 270: Bristles? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And then what what would elephants have coming out of their mouth? 270: Tusk? A trunk. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um Do do you know what you might call the um the long uh container-type thing that you put food in for hogs? Might call it a feed 270: {NW} {NW} Mmm. {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what what might you call a noise made by a calf that's being weened? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Oh {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um how about the noise made by a cow during feeding time? 270: You talking about moo? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: A basic moo. Uh what about the uh the noise that a c- that a horse might make? 270: It's um {NW} it start with a "W" uh {NW} I I forgot. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would be like a kind of a general term for like horses and cows and mules? 270: Animals? Interviewer: Okay. Um how about like for hens, turkeys, and geese? 270: Poultry? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay then a hen that um on a nest of eggs is called a 270: Um Mmm Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody mention that in your day-to-day conversation? 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and the you know the place where a chicken would live would be called 270: A coop. Interviewer: Okay, sure. Um um you know when you eat chicken sometimes you have a little bone that you uh 270: Wishbone? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um do you know it of a name? You know, like the longer and shorter bone? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know the the superstition or 270: Yes. Interviewer: Wait what it is? 270: If you break break the bone the long uh you wish first. And you break the bone two people pulling on it. And one with the longer side get's his wish. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Um okay is there a a like a word for the inside parts of a a chicken that you might eat? Like the liver and the heart and the gizzards? You know the chicken 270: Hearts? {NW} I don't Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 know. # Interviewer: Um okay what would be some of the thi- the um the inside part of I think it's a hog that you might eat? Sometimes stuff sausage in? 270: {NW} {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: You never had chitlins? 270: Oh yeah what that's what it is? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Now you know. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay i- so you have some {NS} what would you {C: knocking sound} call 'em? 270: Chitlins? Interviewer: Sure. Sure. What do you what do you what el- what do you eat 'em with? I mean you usually eat 'em with? 270: Rice and greens. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are those like turnip greens? 270: {NW} Collard. Interviewer: Collard greens? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: Okay do you happen to know of a uh any calls like to a cow? 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: A pig. {NW} Interviewer: Okay what's what's a call for a pig? 270: Soo-ie {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about uh say calls to a horse? 270: Uh-uh, no. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about a call to a calf? 270: No Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Three, two, one horse {D: having} two uh okay what would you say to a horse to get him to move? 270: Giddy up? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. How about to to get him to stop? 270: Woah. Interviewer: Okay. Um have you ever u- hear any calls to sheep? 270: No {NW} Interviewer: Okay. How about to chickens? What would you say? Call how would you call chickens? 270: No, I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if you want to get uh horses ready to go somewhere you say I want to 270: #1 s- # Interviewer: #2 do what? # 270: saddle Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: {NW} Saddle? Interviewer: Okay. How about if you were um gonna use 'em for plowing? Would you saddle 'em too or 270: Uh hitch 'em? {NW} Interviewer: Okay sure. No that's right. Yeah. Uh okay w- do you know of a name for that big thing they put around a plow horse's neck? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay when you're riding a horse, what do you call those things that you hold in your hands? 270: {NW} Slipping my mind. {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay, would you o- ever call 'em lines? Or reigns? 270: Reigns. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um 270: Did you grow up with one? {NW} Interviewer: Oh the reigns? 270: It looked like the {X} It's on the tape. {NW} Interviewer: Huh? 270: It's on the tape. {NW} Interviewer: Ah, don't worry about the tape. Is it really? Starting to rain? 270: {NW} Cloud {D: coming} it's probably not fixing to rain but it's it looks cloudy. Interviewer: You think I should go and roll 'em up? {NS} 270: Yes. {NW} Interviewer: Okay let me {X} quick. Um okay and when you're riding a horse where do you put your feet into? 270: {NW} Um Interviewer: Those things coming down either side of the saddle? Called stir- 270: Still don't I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Never 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 heard 'em # called stirrups? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if something's not uh right near at hand you say it's just a little 270: Just a little uh off? {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Off? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Wait would you be more apt to say it's a little uh way over? A little ways over? {NS} Or it's a little piece over? 270: Way. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you if you've been traveling and li- hadn't finished your your trip you might say you have a what to go before dark? Do you 270: A little ways to go. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a special place you say that you can find that just about 270: Anywhere. Interviewer: Okay. Okay if somebody slipped uh on ice and he fell on his uh uh the back of his pants {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: which way would you say he fell? #1 He fell # 270: #2 Backwards. # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Okay. And if he fell on his face he fell 270: Forward. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you didn't catch any fish uh okay would would you ever use narry? Like narry one? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NS} okay would you ever say uh uh if you didn't like something like uh okay if you s- if uh {NW} f- if you went to the dentist uh 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: and somebody asks you did you hurt you would you ever say uh not at all? Or uh 270: #1 or he # Interviewer: #2 {D: they} # di- pardon me? 270: {NW} Was that it? {NW} Interviewer: Or 270: {NW} Interviewer: We'll get to the second choice, uh or ju- uh {D: gu- give us all} okay if s- someone apologizes for breaking your rake 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: and you say that's alright, I didn't like it 270: Anyway. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if uh a crying child might say he was eating candy and didn't give me 270: Any. Interviewer: Okay. Um um if you got rid of all the uh the brush and trees on a land you say you did what? 270: Cleared it. Interviewer: Okay. Okay, sure. Um what might you call the uh second cutting of clover or grass? 270: Second cutting. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} {X} {NW} I #1 don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # How about like the old dry dead grass left over on the ground in the spring? 270: I don't Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 know # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Uh how about uh {D: stuff} that came up but wasn't planted? 270: I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Do- don't even worry about it. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay wheat is tied up into a 270: {NW} A bush- a bushel? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um and then bushels are piled up into a 270: Stack. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um okay and you might say we raised fourty what of wheat to an acre? 270: Bushels? Interviewer: Sure. 270: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Sure} # {NS} Okay what uh if you were what might you do with oats to seperate the grain from the rest of it? {NW} 270: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um 270: When does that section end? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh very soon I hope. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Uh we're getting into the into the food section. 270: Oh. {NW} Interviewer: #1 That's # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: that's where you get to clean 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 up, # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 huh? # NS} Okay. Uh okay if you were a would you ever say y'all? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 Y'all # Interviewer: Me too. {NS} Um {NS} is there somebody {D: at the door?} 270: {D: Oh it's not} Interviewer: Um okay if you were asking uh somebody that went to a party that you couldn't go to 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: if you were asking 'em like uh 270: How was the party? Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: If you wanted to know uh what people were there what might you say? 270: Who was at the party? Interviewer: Okay. Uh would you ever say who all has been there? Or who all was there? 270: Yeah, I've said who all was there. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: dampened audio} okay when {C: audio maintained} if you were asking about a a speaker's remarks you know like if he came to your school or something, 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: you might say what 270: What did he speak about? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if no one else would look out for them you say they've got to look out for 270: Themselves. Interviewer: Okay. And if no one else was do it for him you say he had better do it 270: For himself. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what is the um made out flour a- and baked in loaves? 270: Bread? Interviewer: Okay is there any special kind of bread? 270: Um Interviewer: #1 Would you call it # 270: #2 White bread? # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Sure. Sure. Um and then the stuff that you put in it to make it rise. 270: Yeast. Interviewer: Have you are you a pretty good cook around the house here? 270: {NW} I ain't gonna say. Interviewer: {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Uh okay what are some other uh kinds of bread made out of flour? 270: {NW} Uh cornbread, muffins. Um Interviewer: It's made out of white, you know wheat flour. 270: Oh. I don't know that one. Cornbread? That's made out of #1 it? # Interviewer: #2 Well # that's made out of corn, corn meal. 270: Oh. Interviewer: What about what's something that you might have in the morning with your eggs? 270: Oh pancakes? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # {NW} okay {NW} Interviewer: And how about how about the little round things? You ever had those for breakfast? 270: #1 Hmm # Interviewer: #2 Hot- # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 270: Hotcake? I don't Interviewer: #1 Or # 270: #2 know. # Interviewer: biscuits? 270: Oh biscuits. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 270: #2 Oh # yeah. {NW} Interviewer: You do the cooking 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 around here, don't you? # 270: No! {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: yeah 270: That's why I didn't want to say. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} Uh okay what is baked in a large uh cake made of cornmeal? 270: Cornbread. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Um okay what do you what are there more than one different kinds of {NS} is there more than one kind of cornbread? 270: Mmm yeah but I can't name them. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NS} what uh {NS} have you ever seen the kind of round things that you eat with fish? 270: Cornsticks? Um muffins? Interviewer: Okay. Or that you deep-fry with fish? 270: {NW} Interviewer: You had hushpuppies? 270: Mhmm Interviewer: They're pretty good. 270: Mhmm. {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay so what would you call 'em that too? 270: Hushpuppies. Interviewer: Okay. Um you mentioned, what was it, cornsticks? What are what are they like? 270: It's made out of corn but they're shaped like the sticks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. There's a special pan or something you have to use? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: Uh Is it is it like a heavy steel or iron pan? 270: Regular um like a cornbread pan. Interviewer: Mhmm. 270: It's like that. But it's shaped. {NW} Interviewer: Oh okay. Okay. Um have you ever seen the stuff that's that's made like a made form cornmeal that uh you kind of dish out onto your plate? 270: Grits? {NW} Interviewer: Well it's 270: Um no, I know what you're talking about. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay have you ever heard something called a corn dodger? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and then there are two kinds of bread, you know the homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store, 270: #1 Mhmm. # Interviewer: #2 called # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 270: {NW} Loaf bread. Interviewer: #1 Pardon? # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Loaf of bread. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Is there any uh would you ever call it uh uh bought bread or baker's bread? 270: No. Interviewer: Store bread or 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay we talked about that let's see okay if you went to the store you buy two what of uh flour? 270: Bags of flour. Interviewer: Okay. How about if they came in in like sixteen-ounce 270: Cans? Interviewer: #1 {D: Well} # 270: #2 Oh # sixteen-ounce Interviewer: You say you have two 270: Packages. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if they came in in pound containers then you'd have two 270: Pounds? {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. No, you {D: you got it.} Um okay what what would be the inside parts of an egg? 270: Yolk and the white. Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Um okay what are what are the colors? 270: White is the clear um {X} and yolk is a it's yellow. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if you'd cooked eggs by uh just drop 'em in hot water, what what would you call 'em? 270: Boiling them. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call the eggs after you got done cooking 'em? 270: Boiled egg. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Okay if you crack 'em and and let 'em fall in the water you know, crack 'em and let 'em 270: #1 Mhmm # Interviewer: #2 fall out of the # 270: #1 fry them? # Interviewer: #2 shells # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Well go ahead. 270: You'd fry them? Interviewer: Oh no I mean if if you crack 'em and let into water? Let 'em fall into water, boiling water? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: You ever seen those kind of eggs? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what do you call the uh the meat that you might boil with greens? 270: Um bacon. Um {D: just} bacon. Interviewer: Okay. Uh ar- are greens pretty good? I've never tried any. 270: Yes. {NW} Interviewer: {X} How how do you go about making 'em? 270: Oh you uh first you buy 'em {NW} uh and then you chop 'em up and you wash them. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 And then # you put 'em in a big pot of water and let 'em cook. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 That's # all. Interviewer: How long do you have to let 'em cook? 270: For about two hours. Interviewer: Wow Two hours? 270: About a yeah. Interviewer: Wow. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {NW} Wow. I didn't know that. Um okay what uh what what might you call the uh part of a hog between the shoulder and the {D: head} 270: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Are you comfortable down here? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: My back was hurting. {NW} Interviewer: Oh. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay uh um okay what would be the kind of meat that you buy sliced and uh to eat with eggs? 270: Bacon? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um what would be the like the outside uh of the bacon? 270: Fat. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: The lean. Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Lean? Interviewer: Oh okay. Is there a name for like the um the skin on on bacon? Have you ever 270: #1 Lean. # Interviewer: #2 s- # oh okay. Um okay and what would be the kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain? 270: Sausages? Interviewer: Okay. Um and then the person who would sell meat would be known as a 270: I don't know Interviewer: Begins with a B. 270: Wow {NW} {NW} I know that but Mmm go on. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {D: How} okay if the meat has been kept too long you say the meat has done 270: S- it's spoiled. Interviewer: Okay. And the guy that would sell meat would be called a bu- 270: Butcher. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay, there you go. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Um have you ever um do you do you know what they do with the um uh meat from the head of a hog? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: okay have have you ever heard anybody talk about head cheese or souse? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you know if they ever made anything from the liver of the hog? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about f- from the hog blood? 270: No. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I don't think you'd miss very much 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} No. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # Okay suppose you had kept butter too long and it uh didn't taste good. What would you say about the butter? 270: It spoiled. Interviewer: Okay. What else might you say? The way it like the way it tastes? 270: Tastes Interviewer: Would you ever say like rancid or {D: throwy} or {X} 270: Uh-uh. No. Interviewer: Okay. Um what might you call uh uh thick sour milk that you keep on hand? 270: {X} sour milk? {NW} Buttermilk? Interviewer: Okay, butt- yeah. Um how about the um uh you know that stuff that they you can sometimes buy in the store, it comes #1 in # 270: #2 cottage # cheese? Interviewer: Sure. #1 sure. # 270: #2 oh. # Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: I don't eat that. Interviewer: Huh? You don't? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Ah that stuff's good! 270: {NW} Interviewer: You've never eaten that at all? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Oh you don't know what you're missing. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay if um what do you do with say a liquid that um has some impurities or something in it? And you want to get the impurities out. And you take it and like pour it through a screen. What would you say you did with it? 270: Strained it? Interviewer: Okay. Or so you going I'm going to 270: Strain it. Interviewer: Okay. Um what is it that's uh baked in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on the top? 270: Apple pie? Interviewer: Okay. Um have you ever seen the s- the same thing with different layers of fruit? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if somebody has a good appetite you say he sure likes to put down his 270: Food. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay what uh what would you call the kind of sweet um liquid that you pour over pudding? 270: Mmm Interviewer: You ever done that? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: No. Okay. Me neither so {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: U- um okay what uh how about the food that you might have like between meals? 270: Snacks? Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay and what do what do you usually do with breakfast in the morning? You I'm going to 270: Eat it. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say yesterday I 270: Ate it. Interviewer: Okay. And several times I have 270: Eaten it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay what do people drink for breakfast? 270: Juice. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I don't drink milk. {NW} Interviewer: Well if it's if it's dark, it's hot. 270: Coffee. Interviewer: Okay. How how do you make coffee? 270: It depend. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 No it # the percolator and the instant. {NW} Interviewer: Well t- tell me the the steps that you go through. 270: Like percolator? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's wha- {NW} #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} you uh it's depend on what kind of coffee maker you have. Interviewer: Oh. 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: #1 I'm gonna # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: tell you about that one. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: It's uh you put it in the it's a container in the top of it. And put water in the bottom of it and plug it in. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 It's real hard, isn't it? # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Um okay what is it that you'd call this? What did you give me? 270: A glass of water. Interviewer: Okay. Um if I drop it out of my hand it would 270: Break. Interviewer: And I would get thrown out of the house. 270: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh and then you might say yesterday the glass 270: Broke. Interviewer: Okay and several times it has 270: Broken. Interviewer: Okay. Um are there different kinds of glasses that you know of? 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: What what are they? 270: Wine glasses. Uh Mmm Interviewer: Are those the ones with the the little stem 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 on the glass? # Okay. Is there anything else? 270: Uh champagne glasses. Breakfast glasses. Ordinary glasses. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and then what {NW} what do you usually do with the glass of water, you 270: Drink it. Interviewer: Okay. You might say yesterday I 270: Drank it. Interviewer: okay and several times I have 270: Drunk it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay when dinner is on the table and and the family is standing around waiting to begin, what do you say to them? 270: Come and eat? Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 or # Interviewer: Okay. Wha- would you be more apt to say uh 270: #1 Come and get it. # Interviewer: #2 uh # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? No, no it's 270: Come and get it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay um okay if somebody comes into the dining room you ask him, won't you 270: {NW} Say grace. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. or if they're standing you might say why don't you 270: Sit down. Interviewer: Okay. So they 270: Sit down. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And yesterday they 270: Sat down. Interviewer: Okay. And several times they have 270: {NW} Uh sat down. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you want someone not to wait 'til the potatoes are passed, you'd say 270: Please pass what? Interviewer: Or if the potatoes were in uh front of the person you what would you say to the 270: Please pass potatoes? Interviewer: Okay. Well would you be more apt to say uh just help yourself or take some potatoes or 270: oh uh {X} help yourself. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if somebody was driving what what would they say? 270: They were driving? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Help me? Interviewer: Okay. So uh yesterday they 270: Helped him. Interviewer: Okay and several times they have 270: Helped him. Interviewer: okay. Um okay if you do- don't want to eat something you say I don't 270: Want this. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if food has been cooked and served a second time you say it has been 270: Served twice? Interviewer: Okay. Or um would you would you be more apt to say it's been warmed over or warmed up? Or heated over? 270: Oh that {NW} uh warmed up. Interviewer: Okay. We eat a lot of those. {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um what what would you call 'em if you served a second time? 270: Second helping? {NW} Or warm warm-overs? {NW} I don't Interviewer: #1 {D: Or would you} # 270: #2 know. # Interviewer: call 'em leftovers? Or 270: #1 Leftovers. # Interviewer: #2 warmed-overs? # Okay. You eat a lot of those {X} Uh 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay and then you put food in your mouth and begin to 270: Chew. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay have you ever seen somebody make uh some food out of uh boiled {D: Indian} meal and some kind of liquid? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what would you call uh peas and beets and 270: Vegetables. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And then you grow 'em in a 270: Garden. Interviewer: Okay, sure. Um okay and what uh what is the uh dish that it's made out of whole grains of corn? After the the outside cover's been taken off? 270: Um corn on the cobb? Interviewer: Well I'm talking about they're woul- have you ever eaten hominy? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what is the the food that the Chinese eat? You know those little white uh Chinese, Oriental people eat a lot of it 270: Rice? Interviewer: Sure. 270: Oh. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. Um okay what are some names for uh non- uh for like cheap whiskey or homebrewed whiskey that they that you've heard of down here? 270: Cider? {NW} Interviewer: Okay, anything else? 270: Mmm. No. Interviewer: Okay would would you ever call it uh like white lightning or 270: #1 Mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 uh # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # moonshine, anything like that? 270: Moonshine. Interviewer: Okay. Um how about something like cheap whiskey? You ever heard anybody call cheap whiskey anything? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. Have um you ever heard anybody call uh ever heard anything called splo? S-P-L-O? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. {X} whiskey's not your {D: bag} 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: No uh okay when something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nostrils you'd say to someone, just 270: {NW} What? Interviewer: Okay if you were your mom was cooking on the stove 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: and you smell something pretty good you might say just what? 270: That's what I'd say. Um it's smell good. Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Okay. Um okay what what would you call the sweet sticky liquid that you put on uh pancakes? 270: Syrup. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and if something isn't uh imitation then it's 270: Real. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Or what else might you call it? Gen- 270: Genuine? Interviewer: Okay, sure. Um okay when um uh okay sugar's sold retail alre- already put in packages and wholesale it- it's sold how? 270: Um Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: I don't know. I don't know about that #1 other one # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay would you be more apt to call it bulk or loose? 270: Loose. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you call the the uh stuff that you put on your like hand no uh stuff that you put on your toast in the morning? 270: Butter? Interviewer: Okay, what else? Sweet stuff that 270: Jelly. Interviewer: Okay. Did your momma ever make any jelly? 270: No. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Uh and then the seasonings that you might have on your table would be 270: #1 black # Interviewer: #2 salt # 270: and pepper? Interviewer: sure. Okay. Okay if there's some apples in a bowl and a child wants one he'd say what? 270: Give me an apple? Interviewer: #1 Sure, okay. # 270: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Uh okay and if it wasn't these boys it must've been one of 270: Say that #1 again {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh if you were identifying a group of people you'd 270: #1 Mhmm. # Interviewer: #2 say # it wasn't these boys, but it was o- must've been one of 270: Those. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you were pointing to a tree a ways off uh you might say it's 270: Over there. Interviewer: Okay, would you ever say it's over yonder? 270: No. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {D: Uh} okay and somebody might say to you don't do it that way, do it 270: This way. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay when somebody uh speaks to you and you don't hear 'em what he says, what do you say to make him repeat? 270: Say it again. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: when someone uh uh did you hear the question? Or okay. Um Well you just 270: #1 I I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: just answered your question. Interviewer: #1 Okay {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay um okay if if a man has plenty of money he d- he doesn't have anything to worry about but life is hard on a man would you be more apt to say was poor or that's poor? 270: That's poor. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if you have a lot of peaches what would you have? I mean peach trees in like just one area, 270: Mhmm. Interviewer: what woul- what might you call that? 270: Hmm Acre? Interviewer: Okay. How about if he had well forget the peaches, how about if he had apples? If he had an apple or- 270: Oh {NW} oh apple Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Or- {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Would you call it an orchard? 270: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Okay, so you'd have an apple 270: Orchard. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um okay and what uh what might you call the inside of a cherry that uh the part that you don't eat? 270: Mmm It's hollow isn't it? Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Um I don't know. Interviewer: Okay would you be more apt to call it a a pit or a stone or a seed? 270: Seed. Interviewer: Okay. How about like on the inside of a peach? 270: A seed. Interviewer: Okay. Um do you know if there are any different kinds of peaches? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and the part of the apple that you throw away? 270: {NW} Um wow. {NW} Mmm Interviewer: You have an apple 270: I know it. um let's see Interviewer: {D: You got the seed} c- 270: {NW} Please. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Go ahead. 270: Core. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Great. Um have you ever cut up apples or peaches and and dry them? No. Okay. Um okay the kind of nuts uh that you pull up out of the ground and roast 270: Peanut? Interviewer: Sure. Have you ever heard it called anything else? 270: The peanut? Interviewer: Yeah. {X} {C: silence} Interviewer: Okay um okay the kind of nuts that you pull up out of the ground? 270: Peanuts? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard 'em called anything else? 270: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh what other kind of nuts uh have you eaten? 270: {NS} Almonds. Um Interviewer: Anything else? 270: No. Interviewer: Uh 270: Pecans. Interviewer: Okay, sure. How about uh {NS} 270: {D: s- sweet} Interviewer: um the kind of bigger nuts, about this big? 270: Walnuts? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. Um what do you call the {C: speech distortion} the hard part of the walnut 270: {NW} The shell? Interviewer: Okay. Uh have you ever seen when they first uh come off the tree? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what uh okay if you had some uh uh oranges in a bowl 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: um and there weren't any left what would you say? 270: The bowl was empty. Interviewer: Okay, or the 270: Oranges was {NW} Interviewer: Okay, go ahead. 270: were gone. Interviewer: Okay, sure. Um {NS} Okay have you ever had any kind of uh red vegetables, about this big and they're real kinda peppery tasting? White on the inside? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um hav- you never had one in a salad? 270: You talking about a pimento? Interviewer: Or uh they kinda grow like turnips, they're under the ground? 270: Tomato? no Interviewer: Called rad- 270: Oh uh radishes. Interviewer: #1 Sure, okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um you mentioned tomatoes, are are there smaller tomatoes that you know of? 270: Mm they're haven't grown {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: But have you ever seen 'em, this little 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know what they're called? 270: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {X} getting cold here. Uh okay then along with your meat you might have a baked 270: Potato. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um {NS} what kind of potatoes are there, do you know of? Any different kinds? 270: You talking about cooked potatoes or just Interviewer: Just general kinds. 270: Um {NS} you talking about {NS} when they're grown or just {NW} Interviewer: Yeah full grown uh not like mashed potatoes and 270: Oh {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 oh no # Interviewer: Okay, have you ever seen ones with the the yellow meat on the inside 270: No. Interviewer: of potatoes? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh what are those vegetables that uh sometimes make you cry when you peeling 'em? 270: Onions. Interviewer: Okay. You ever had to peel those things? 270: Yes. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: did you cry? 270: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay. And then the the little fresh ones that you eat whole you ever seen those onions? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um what might be a a vegetables begins with an O? O- 270: I don't #1 know # Interviewer: #2 Kind of a a # uh let's see {NS} okay what would be the the ingredients or vegetables you might put in vegetable soup? {C: exterior speech} 270: {NW} Carrots. {NS} Peas. Um tomatoes. Um hmm. String beans Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} About all I can think #1 of. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # How about some uh uh s- 270: Okra? Interviewer: Oh okay. There you go. {NS} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Um okay if you leave uh an apple or plum around it'll dry up and 270: Rot? {NW} Interviewer: Okay, 270: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: uh 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 but bu- # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what happens to the skin itself? Shrivel. 270: #1 It shrivels # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 270: up. Interviewer: Uh okay and the kind of vegetables that come in large leafy heads? 270: Lettuce? Interviewer: Okay. Is there anything else? 270: Cabbage. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay when you ge- wanna get the beans out of a pod by hand you say you have to 270: Shell it. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and what what would you call the um like the large yellow flat yellowish flat beans 270: Um Interviewer: that you eat just the just the beans, not the pod? 270: Lima? Interviewer: Sure. 270: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Are there different kinds of beans that look like that that you know of? 270: Mm just got through eating one. {NW} I don't know the name of it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 It's # green {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh but would you call all beans that look like that lima beans? 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if you wanted some lettuce you're mom might send you to the store and buy two what of lettuce? 270: Heads. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you ever heard people call kids uh you know, children heads? Like four heads out there or 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you really? 270: Mm-hmm- Interviewer: #1 who # 270: #2 -mm # Interviewer: who uh can you remember how they said it or what they said? 270: Oh no. I know of uh boys are calling each other hardheads. {NW} Interviewer: Hardheads? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Um okay have you would it uh do you ever use the word passel? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what might you call the outside of an ear of corn? You know the the green stuff that you'd take off before you eat it? 270: It's a leaf? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {X} okay and the cor- kind of corn that you eat on the cobb? 270: Uh corn on the cobb? Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NW} have you ever heard anybody um talk about roasting ears? 270: No. Interviewer: Or mutton core? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um what what would you call like the top of the corn stock? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh well you know like when you graduated from high school? You know that thing that hanged d- 270: Tassel? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Oh Interviewer: #1 That's what it's called. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Thank you. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {D: little} little educa- 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 -tion # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} uh okay and the stringy stuff that comes out at the end of the corn? I mean you know that you have to 270: Mm I don't know. Interviewer: {D: you never} you never had to uh 270: I had to do it but I don't know the name of it Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would be the large uh {D: round f-} fruit that you make jack-o'-lanterns out of? 270: {NW} Pumpkins. Interviewer: Do you ever e- do you ever have y'all ever grown a garden? 270: No. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Oh you should try it, it's great 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: I'll try {NW} Interviewer: {X} 270: It didn't go {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 All your work for nothing. {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} wha- what did you have planted? 270: {NW} Beans and {NS} I had squash Interviewer: Oh really? 270: but it didn't grow. I guess I didn't try hard enough. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Don't you know you have to go out and talk to 'em? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Wouldn't go that far huh? 270: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh yeah we tried to grow watermelons one year, we came out with two of 'em about this big. 270: {NW} Interviewer: They didn't grow too good at all. Um okay what what different kinds of melons uh have you eaten? 270: Mm Watermelon uh cantaloupe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: That's all. Interviewer: Okay. Um do you do you know if there are any other kinds of melon? There's a round you know with yellow meat? 270: Mm Interviewer: #1 Are there # 270: #2 Um # Trying to think. You're not talking about {X} No. I don't know. Interviewer: oh okay. Um what is it that springs up in the woods in the fields after a rain? The little kinda umbrella-shaped 270: {NW} Mushrooms. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and then you mentioned watermelons, what uh are there different kinds of watermelons that you know of? Or 270: No, just one to me. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: The one that you eat. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay is there anything l- {D: that g-} looks kind of like a mushroom but s- it's not good to eat? {NS} 270: Toadstools. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Why do you laugh? {NW} 270: Because I didn't know whether that was right or not. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. If uh {NW} a man had a sore throat said that the inside of his throat is all swollen you say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't 270: Swallow. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and the things that that people smoke? 270: Cigarettes. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And if they're bigger? 270: Cigars. Interviewer: Okay. 270: They're smaller. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay if somebody asks you about a a a certain job you say sure I 270: Mm wow I wouldn't know what to call it or say after that. Interviewer: Okay. Um somebody might ask you can you do it and you say sure I 270: I can do it. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're not able to you say no I 270: Not Interviewer: #1 Or # 270: #2 able # to. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Or using can? No I 270: Can't Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 do it. # Interviewer: Um okay if somebody asks you about uh five o'clock to do some work you'd say 270: No. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: Okay so} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: No question that one} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Question {X} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 No- # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh {C: exterior speech} okay would you be more apt to say uh I worked all day or I done and worked all day or I done worked all day? 270: I worked all day. Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: I worked all day. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if there was a uh terrible accident up the road if there was no need to call a doctor cuz the victim was 270: {NW} Dead? Interviewer: Okay. Um would would you ever say uh done dead? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um okay if somebody asks you will you do it you might say no I 270: Will not. Interviewer: Or no I wo- 270: Won't. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay what what kind of bird is it that uh can see in the dark? 270: Owl? Interviewer: Okay. Do you know if there are different kinds of owls? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um how about th- the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 270: Woodpecker? Interviewer: Okay. Um have you ever heard uh anybody call somebody else a peckerwood? 270: No. Interviewer: #1 Oh he's # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: just an old peckerwood, anything like that? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would be the kind of uh black-and-white animal with that real strong smell? 270: Skunk. Interviewer: You ever you ever been going down the road 270: Yes. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: was it like? {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} No {NW} it smelled bad. Interviewer: Yeah? Have you ever heard it called anything else? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if there was some animals like at uh say raiding your henhouse you might say uh I'm gonna get a get me a gun and and trap and stop those 270: Varmints. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay! # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Great. 270: Wow. {NW} Interviewer: Okay what um what what would you call the the uh little bushy-tailed animals that climb around the trees? 270: Squirrels? Interviewer: Okay. Are do y- do you know if there are different kinds? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about the uh something that like that's like a squirrel uh but doesn't climb trees? 270: Raccoon? Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Raccoon? Um Interviewer: Well these are little small 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um have you ever seen a chipmunk? 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Wou- would you call him a chipmunk or would you call him something else? 270: Chipmunk. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Okay what would be some uh some different kinds of uh saltwater fish that you know of? 270: I was going to say a catfish {NW} Interviewer: Yeah, that's that's saltwater 270: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 too. # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 270: Thought it was fresh-water. Interviewer: Yeah well they they get they get around. 270: {NW} Um only one I know. {NW} Interviewer: {X} no other kind of fish out in the sea? 270: Well I know um Interviewer: #1 well # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: freshwater or or saltwater. 270: {NW} Goldfish. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: Um wow once you leave and I'll remember. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: Is it really?} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 # Interviewer: {NW} 270: No I don't know. Interviewer: Okay we can we ca- come back to that one okay what uh {NS} {NW} what is it that that pearls grow in? 270: {NW} Um clams? Interviewer: Okay b- is there something like a clam that people eat? {C: exterior speech} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Or something {D: or-other} in a half shell? 270: I don't know uh Interviewer: Okay. How about if they if it begins with an O? 270: Oyster {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: there you go. 270: Wow. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {NW} okay well what is it that uh croaks in the marshes? 270: The frogs. Interviewer: Okay. Are there different kinds of frogs that you know of? 270: Toads bullfrogs baby frogs. Interviewer: {NW} Baby frog 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: That's all. {X} Interviewer: Have you ever seen those um no those are crickets the little frogs that come out after a rain, hang around the trees? 270: {NW} Oh those green frogs Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 270: I don't know what you call 'em. Interviewer: I mean have you seen 'em? 270: mm- Interviewer: #1 {D: I mean} # 270: #2 hmm # Interviewer: they are down here? 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um {NW} okay what is the thing that you uh things that you dig to go fishing with? {NS} 270: Worms. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know if there are different kinds of worms? 270: I'm sure there are Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 It's not quite up your alley, huh? # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um how about the the kind of hard-shelled thing that uh pulls in its neck and lays 270: Turtle? Interviewer: Okay. Um {NW} {NW} is there anything like a uh a turtle only it lives on dry land? 270: Tortoise? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um have you ever seen uh things that are they look like lobsters but they're in fresh water? 270: Those little crawfish? Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Crawfish? Interviewer: Yeah, sure. Okay. Um the- what what what else might what other kind of seafood is there people like to eat? 270: Hmm Crab. Lobster. Um Hmm tuna {C: Spanish exterior speech} Interviewer: mm-hmm. {NS} 270: Um Interviewer: How about the little white things that uh I think you boil 'em sometimes. You buy 'em by the pound? Beginning with an S? {NW} 270: Oh shrimp. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay if you had two pounds of 'em you say you have two pounds of 270: Shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would you call the uh the insect that kinda flies around the light at night? Eats your clothes at times. 270: Camel fly? Interviewer: A camel fly? 270: A moth Interviewer: Yeah. Wha- wha- what's a camel fly? 270: Oh a a it's a moth {NW} Interviewer: Oh is it? 270: Yes. Interviewer: #1 I've I've never heard of 'em. # 270: #2 S- it's skinny # though. Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: It's skinnier than a moth. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Huh. Okay uh then if you had two of 'em you'd have two 270: Moths. Interviewer: Okay. Uh are there things that fly around at night and flash their lights on and off around 270: fireflies, Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 but # they're not here. Interviewer: They aren't? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Why? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Tampa lost their #1 quota for this season # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: or something, huh? 270: I haven't seen them. But I've seen I mean Interviewer: mm-hmm 270: in the yard but that's the only place I've seen them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How long were were you in New York? 270: {NW} Oh that was uh for about two weeks. #1 that was # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 270: before seven, about sixty-nine. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 W- w- # were you just visiting 270: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 friends or # {NW} What did you think of it up there? 270: It was nice. I didn't see no bad parts. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 270: #2 That's # cuz I was small. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: I didn't know nothing Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 about # Interviewer: wha- what'd you do up there? 270: Went to see uh the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, um you know, went to different parks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} Did you get mugged? {NW} 270: No Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Always told my my sis- my older sisters when you go to New York get mugged. {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Haven't been there until you get mugged. Okay um okay what would be a like a uh a long thin-body insect that you know it sometimes fly around the marshes and they have two pairs of wings? 270: Oh um dragon flies. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. And then what uh what are the different kinds of um stinging insects do you know of? 270: Mosquitoes. Ants {NW} Interviewer: Ants? 270: {NW} Um bees? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Wasp. That's all I know. Interviewer: Okay. How about if you had uh one of those the one that you said right after #1 bees? # 270: #2 wasps? # Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Wasp? {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh okay and have you ever seen the uh kind that uh builds nests in the ground? 270: #1 {D: Mine-} # Interviewer: #2 Small # 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 dark # 270: talking about oh um oh I thought you was talking about mud duggers {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: That's what you're talking about? Interviewer: No those those are the kind that build those little 270: Oh Interviewer: long little nests up in the rafters and stuff. These um they kinda yellow- and black-colored? 270: Mm I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. They're what we're talking about is is like yellow jackets? 270: Oh yellow jackets. Interviewer: Have you ever seen those things? 270: Not too often. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} good {NW} 270: #1 {NW} I s- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 that's tha- # Interviewer: Um okay what um would be like the small insects that burrow into your skin? {X} {D: Kitchen} {D: Welts} 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} you ever heard of uh like uh red bugs? 270: No. Interviewer: Or chiggers? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. Sometimes they have a I don't know if they're the same thing, it's called sand flees down here? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: {NW} You never been down to {C: restoration in audio volume} they're usually around uh like around beaches that have a lot of wooded area? 270: mm-hmm Interviewer: And you get those suns, you wish you were never born. {NW} Okay um okay what are the insects that that are green uh brown green or brown that hop along in the grass? 270: Hoppergrasses? Interviewer: Sure, okay. Um okay and then the- the little s- small fish that you might use for bait? 270: Minnows? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh okay if you saw a kind of a uh what what might you find stretched across like the corner of a room if it hasn't been cleaned in a while? 270: A a spiderweb? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. How about if it was outside? Would you still call 270: #1 Spiderweb. # Interviewer: #2 spider- # okay. O- Okay the the part of the tree underneath the ground is called the 270: Trunk. Root? Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: have you ever heard anybody making uh something out of the roots? As part of i- 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would be kind of a some of the trees that grow around Tampa? 270: Oak trees. Palm trees. Um {NW} {NW} Wow. Orange trees. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Anything else? 270: {NW} Mango trees. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 270: I'm trying to think Interviewer: #1 Have you ever # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: have you ever seen those those oleander trees or bushes or whatever they are? I saw some down on that causeway there was a big sign there: Do not touch the oleander bushes {D: you know} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay um you ever seen a tree with uh long white limbs and kind of scaly white bark? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um okay what is it that George Washington cut down? 270: Cherry tree? Interviewer: Okay. Um {NW} have you ever seen a shrub that {C: exterior speech} uh leaves get real red in the fall which is poisonous to some people? {NS} 270: Mm-mm. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um {NW} okay that that would be called like sumac? You ever heard poisonous sumac? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: You were never in the girl scouts or 270: Mm- {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay would you say that for me? {NS} 270: Poison sumac? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And the other one was like uh syc- 270: Sycamore tree? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: #1 Sycamore # Interviewer: #2 {X} # you know better than I do. {NW} {NS} Okay um okay what would be kind of a bush that makes your skin break out? 270: Poison ivy? Interviewer: Okay. Okay what are some some berries that you have eaten? 270: Berries? Um Interviewer: The big red ones? 270: Cherry? Um Interviewer: Straw- 270: Oh {NS} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 Oh # {NW} Interviewer: Rung a bell. {NW} 270: {NW} {NS} Strawberries. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Anything any other kinds? {NW} 270: Mm-mm. Not that I can think of. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Have you ever seen {NW} {NW} {NW} excuse me uh kind of berries {NW} what's my problem? {NW} {NS} kind of berries with the rough surface? {NS} 270: The rough surface? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} It's kind of a lumpy surface. {NS} some some of 'em are red or some of 'em are black. Yeah I guess maybe they don't even grow down here probably. 270: What? Interviewer: They're uh ras- 270: Raspberries. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. {NS} 270: Oh. Interviewer: Do they grow down here? 270: {NW} I never paid any attention. Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: You don't know what you're missing. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # No we got uh we used to have woods behind our house and there was a big blackberry patch {X} {D: tall} raspberry- black raspberries. And uh used to go out there all the time {NW} {NW} {NS} a- and pick 'em. They're just great, they're really great. Until we got into chiggers and and we didn't think the were 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 good anymore. # Okay if uh um a bush was uh or a- if there were the a kind of berries that might be able to kill you somebody might say, be careful about these berries, they might be 270: Poison. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay um {NS} have you ever seen like a a tall bush with clusters of uh pink and white flowers? {NS} {X} {NS} 270: No. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} How about the uh {NS} those trees with uh {NS} you know pink flowering trees {NS} and the leaves are real shiny with big white flowers? {NS} 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Ha- have you ever seen cu- magnolias? Or uh laurel tree or anything like that? 270: I heard of magnolia. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: But the other one Interviewer: You gotta go to Georgia. The right time of the year those things 270: {NW} Interviewer: they're they're {X} you know the flowers are about this big um 270: {C: exterior audio} mm-hmm Interviewer: And they smell great. {NS} Okay if um if a married man woman doesn't want a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she says I must ask who? 270: My husband? Interviewer: {NW} {X} okay have you ever heard any other like funny terms or slang? 270: Bow? {NW} Interviewer: fo- for that? 270: Um Mm my other half. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 Okay # Interviewer: sure. Uh and then the man would say I must ask 270: The wife? Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard any other words for the wife? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: exterior speech} okay and a woman who has lost her husband is called a 270: Widow. Interviewer: Okay. And okay what did you call your father when you were a little girl? 270: Fa- no {NS} um Pa. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh and then what'd #1 you # 270: #2 Dad. # {NS} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Dad. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh {NS} what what'd you used to call your mother when you were small? Maybe you still 270: #1 Mom. # Interviewer: #2 {D: do that} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Anything else? 270: Mama {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay and then your father and mother together are called your 270: Parents. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay your father's father is called your 270: Your granddad. Interviewer: Okay. Uh And then {NS} his wife would be your 270: Grandmother. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay have you heard any other names people use instead of children? 270: mm-hmm. {NS} A lotta {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Uh {NW} no. Interviewer: Okay, have you ever heard people call 'em younguns or kids or 270: Yeah but {NW} I didn't know if you wanted that. Interviewer: Sure. What what would what have you heard 'em called? 270: Kids. Interviewer: Uh-huh? 270: Younguns. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would what would you call like a uh {C: exterior audio} a name a a child has but it's only known in the family? {NS| 270: Nickname? Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Uh what what would be some nicknames? 270: {D: Bruh} My brother's nicknamed Bruh. Interviewer: Oh really? 270: mm-hmm. {C: exterior speech} Interviewer: {D: Do you} {NS} {X} 270: The TV {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that's uh {D: I got the} {NS} sometimes they transmit on the same frequency or something. 270: {NW} Interviewer: They mix it up. Um {NS} okay what uh what would you call something on wheels that you put a baby in for it to lie 270: #1 Carriage? # Interviewer: #2 down? # Okay. Um and then you put the baby in the carriage and go out and 270: {NW} Strollers Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} okay you are your mother's 270: Daughter. Interviewer: Okay. And you are a 270: Girl. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: After} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I'm blind 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: you know.} # Okay. if a a woman's gonna have a child you say she's 270: Ex- gonna have a baby. Interviewer: Okay, anything else? 270: Expecting. Interviewer: Okay. And if you don't have a doctor to li- to deliver the baby uh the woman might send for a 270: Um Mm Uh {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if a boy and his father have the same appearance you say the boy 270: Looks like his father. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and if a mother's look after three children until they're grown up you say she has what? Done what to three children? 270: Raised them. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Um okay if you were talking to a naughty child you'd say you're gonna get a {NS} 270: A punching. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} what else might you say? 270: A whipping. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. If it um what if it was worse than a whipping? {NS} What might you say? Or less than a whipping? {NS} 270: A hit? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} okay and when when you put your uh {NS} vegetables um certain vegetables out in the garden you hope they would 270: Grow. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And yesterday they 270: Grew. Interviewer: Okay. And several times they have 270: Grown. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay what what might you call a uh a child that's born to an unmarried woman? 270: Um {NS} {D: I don't know} who was uh {NW} a bastard? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Have you ever heard anything else? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay your your brother's I mean if your brother had a son he'd be called your 270: My nephew. Interviewer: Okay. And if a child has lost his m- mother and father's called an 270: A orphan? Interviewer: Okay. And a person appointed to look after an orphan is its 270: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay. And if uh {NW} okay if a woman has been away from home for a long time uh she sometimes goes back to visit all her 270: {NW} Relative. Interviewer: Okay. And 270: Friends? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. If uh some has the same family name that looks like someone but they're actually what? No 270: {NW} not related? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Woul- would you be more apt to say no kin? I mean like they're no kin of mine or 270: No kin. Interviewer: Or no relation to me? Or w- {NS} 270: No kin. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay and someone who, {NW} this is a good one, someone who comes into town and no one has ever seen him before he is a 270: Stranger. Interviewer: Okay. And if he comes from a different country what would you call him? 270: {NW} A s- stranger. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: Foreigner. Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Uh what would be a common name for a girl beginning with M? 270: Mary? Interviewer: Okay. And George Washington's wife? 270: Mary. Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 Martha # Interviewer: #2 or # 270: I mean. Interviewer: Okay. You got it. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {NW} I got to get rid of this cold. Um what would be have you ever heard that song uh wait 'til the sun shines 270: Down on me? {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # No. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 that's a Dylan, wasn't it? # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh okay and what would be a girl uh a nickname for Helen beginning with N? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay uh let's see uh I don't know how to phrase it {D: N} Um {NW} okay just okay if you were on a horse or something you might way woah N- it begins with an N, Nel- 270: {NW} Nelly? Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Uh okay what would be like a nickname for a little boy named William beginning with B? 270: Bob? Interviewer: Or 270: Uh Bobby? {C: exterior audio} {NW} Interviewer: Okay what what would be a male goat? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Or uh let's see okay a a nickname applied to a little boy named William? 270: Will? Interviewer: #1 Well # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: yeah. But it begins with B but sounds the same. 270: Bill. Interviewer: Okay. And if it was a little boy {NS} you'd call #1 him # 270: #2 Billy. # Interviewer: Okay, okay. {NS} Uh {NS} who wrote the first of the four gospels? {NS} The other three are Mark, Luke, and John? 270: The fourth one? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Um Interviewer: Begins with an M? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Ma- # 270: Matthew. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay a woman who conducts school is a 270: School teacher. Interviewer: Or a 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 uh # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: um okay what was the uh the movie actor like in the forties? Did a lot of cowboy movies? His first name was Gary? 270: Don't ask me. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um okay we were talking about chicken coop earlier? 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: His {NS} his last name is something like that. Gary Coo- 270: -Per. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # So he'd be 270: Gary Cooper. Interviewer: Okay. And his wife would be known as 270: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um {C: silence} okay what uh {D: what} might you call a uh {C: deduction in audio volume} um person that's uh kind of in a {D: frame} part-time type person you might trust to uh change a {X} or the not trust {X} 270: It's the I wouldn't have no name for it. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of anybody uh use the expression uh jackleg? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Or #1 {D: jackleg} # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and what uh relation would uh my mother's sister be to me? 270: {NW} Aunt? Interviewer: Okay, who's 270: Your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay who was the uh wife of Abraham? 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Okay um how about a girl's name beginning with S? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. You not up on your Bible? 270: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh Sally would be a nickname for what? 270: {X} I don't know. Interviewer: Beginning with an S? Um okay what uh there's a company that puts out uh bakery goods? Last name is Lee? 270: Sarah Lee? Interviewer: Sure. 270: #1 {D: Oh} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um okay if your father had a a brother by the name of uh William what would he what would you call him? 270: Bob? Interviewer: Okay. But if your father had a brother named William {NS} wou- would you 270: Uncle. Uncle Bill. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to use his whole name William you'd call him 270: Uncle William. Interviewer: Okay, sure. And if you had a brother named John? 270: Uncle John. Interviewer: Okay. Um what might you call the um um the commander of of an army? 270: Captain? Interviewer: Okay what what if he's a little bit higher, you know the star? 270: Lieu-lieutenant? {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Uh let's see 270: {NW} General. Interviewer: Okay, there you 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 go. # There you go. Sure. 270: I was getting up there. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay um and the man who uh introduce Kentucky Fried Chicken who was that? 270: Colonel Sanders? Interviewer: Okay. Um what mighty you call the uh person who is the head of the court? 270: Judge. Interviewer: Alright. And then uh okay and a person who studies is a 270: A l- you talking about a lawyer? Oh Interviewer: {NW} 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Well uh you're you're one in high school. You're one in college. 270: Oh a student? Interviewer: Sure 270: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um {X} a woman in an office who uh like answers the phone and 270: Secretary? Interviewer: Yeah, there you go, okay. Um then a woman who uh appears in plays or movies is an 270: Actress. Interviewer: Okay. And then your nationality would be what? 270: Black? Interviewer: Or anybody born in the United 270: #1 American. # Interviewer: #2 St- # Okay. Uh let's see uh what what might be another word for a a for black 270: You asked me that before. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Oh I did? {NW} 270: Um negro. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would might be a word for a a white white person? 270: Caucasian? {NW} Interviewer: Okay, sure. Uh have you heard any uh uh like derogatory or uh slang names for uh caucasians? 270: Um crackers. {NW} Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Crackers. Interviewer: Okay. 270: I feel funny saying it. Um Interviewer: Why? {NW} 270: Rednecks. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Honkeys. Interviewer: Okay. Is there anything else? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um what what uh {X} talk about um okay what might you call a white person uh who's well-off but hasn't had a chance to education and uh is kinda good-for-nothing, too lazy to work? 270: Um {NW} mm cracker? Interviewer: Like just cracker? 270: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um woul- would you ever be apt to call 'em a poor white trash or any- anything like that? Okay. Uh Um what might you call somebody who lives out in the country, doesn't know anything about uh the town, ways? Kinda sticks out in the 270: #1 Same # Interviewer: #2 crowd? # 270: thing. Interviewer: {D: Say it} 270: Cracker. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh have you have you ever heard the uh term hoosier? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay um okay if you slip a- and catch yourself you'd say this is a dangerous place, I what? 270: Better watch out? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Or I um would you be more likely to say I almost fell or liked to have fallen? Or liked to have fell? 270: Liked to have fell. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if it's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well it's not quite midnight yet but it's 270: Almost. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if somebody's waiting for you to go to a party or something uh they might ask uh will you be ready soon? And you might answer I'll be with you in 270: In a minute. Interviewer: Okay. What else might you say? 270: In a little while. Interviewer: Okay. Um um um woul- would you ever say just a minute? Be with you in just a minute? 270: I could, yeah I would Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 say it. # Interviewer: Woul- would you say it for me please? 270: I'll be with you in just a minute. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay {NW} {NW} {C: reduction in audio volume} okay if you know you're on the right road but aren't sure of the distance you might ask somebody how 270: How {C: overlapping audio} Interviewer: Say if you're going to Orlando, what would you ask somebody? 270: What's the direction? Interviewer: Or if you wanna know how far you might say how 270: How far is the place? Interviewer: Okay. Um if you wanna know uh how many times somebody does something like how many times uh somebody goes bowling in a month you might say how what do you go bowling? 270: How many times? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. What el- what else might you say? 270: That's all I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Wou- would you ever say often? Okay um what if y- what if you did? You might say how 270: Often. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you agreed with a friend when he says I'm not gonna do that or I'm not gonna vote for that guy you might say what? 270: Me neither. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh okay wha- this is my 270: Forehead. Interviewer: Okay. {C: restoration of audio volume} And this is my 270: Hair. Interviewer: Okay. And if I had one of these, I'd have a 270: Beard. Interviewer: Okay. And this is my 270: Ear. Interviewer: {X} which one? 270: Left ear. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: And this is my 270: Right ear. Interviewer: Okay. And you speak with your 270: Mouth. Interviewer: Okay. Um what might you call this this area? 270: Throat. Interviewer: Okay. Then on the inside would be your 270: Oh I see. {NW} This is the neck and the inside is the throat. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um what is this thing that goes up and down all the time? 270: Your uh uh I don't know. {NW} I forgot. Interviewer: Would you call it like your Adam- 270: Oh Adam's apple. Interviewer: Okay. 270: I thought you was talking about this {X} Interviewer: Oh {D: uh-huh.} Okay um have you ever heard anybody call it a goozle? 270: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay then you go to the dentist to look at your 270: Teeth. Interviewer: Okay. And he might say I have to fill that 270: Tooth. Interviewer: Okay. And the flesh around the teeth? 270: Gums. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and this this is my 270: Palm. Interviewer: Okay. If I go like this I've got a 270: Fist. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If I have two of 'em? 270: Fists. Interviewer: Okay. And then any place in your body where it'll bend is called a 270: Um joint Interviewer: Okay. And then this this part is a 270: Chest. Interviewer: O- and back here are your 270: Back. Interviewer: Or up here on the top? 270: Shoulder? Interviewer: Okay. And {NS} this whole area right here is my? 270: Leg. Interviewer: Okay. And I've got two down there? {C: reduction in audio volume} 270: Feet. Interviewer: Okay. Or if I just might have one 270: Foot. Interviewer: Okay. And this front part up here that you always bruise? 270: {NW} Uh shin? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what might you call th- the this part back here? 270: Thigh. Interviewer: Okay. How about the back part? 270: Same. Interviewer: Okay. H- have you ever heard anybody call it your your haunches? 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Oh you have? 270: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Who's who called it that or 270: Some you know like my grandmama's Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if someone's been sick a while you say he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 270: Peaked. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay a person who can lift heavy weights is 270: Strong. Interviewer: Okay. And a and a person's very easy to get along with. What would you call 'em? 270: Uh friendly? Interviewer: Okay. Um um let's see okay if a boy was growing and his arm {NW} his arms and legs were too long for him you say I don't know what to do with him, he's so what? 270: {NW} Uh a little strange {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: Uh Interviewer: {NW} Knuckles drag on the ground or something. 270: He oh {NW} Interviewer: Well how about if um somebody like a a a teenager who's all arms and legs and always stumbling over his feet? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You # 270: clumsy. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay and a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you'd say he's just a plain 270: Mm I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um What what is it that you usually play on people on April first? 270: April fools? Interviewer: Okay. Woul- would you ever call anybody a fool? 270: Yeah if I was just playing with them. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what would you call somebody who never spends a cent? 270: S- uh tight. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay and what what might you call um someone who gets money and help from other people and does- doesn't give much or anything in return? 270: Stingy. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if if you said th- that girl's very common what what would you mean? 270: That she's mostly like everybody else. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um okay an an old man's still um very strong and active and doesn't show his age you'd say he's still quite 270: Active. {NW} Interviewer: Okay, what what else might you say? 270: Um good health. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Wha- would you say um would you ever say he's kind of spry? Or uh 270: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Lively? # Uh 270: Going strong. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if a- if you don't want to go upstairs in the dark you might you're kind of 270: Scared. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What else might you say? 270: {NW} That's all I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay and then you might say she isn't afraid now but she 270: Was afraid. Interviewer: Okay. Um or if you're talking about the old gray mare, she ain't what she 270: Used to be. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and what what would be the opposite of used to be? 270: Still is. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} what else might you might you say? 270: Um I don't know. Interviewer: Okay uh would you say might you say uh didn't used to be or {D: usen't} to? 270: Uh-uh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # No. Interviewer: Okay 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 which one would you # you say? 270: Yo- um Interviewer: Didn't used to be? 270: Neither one of them. Interviewer: Neither 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay somebody who leaves a lot of money on the table and and the door unlocked you might say he's mighty 270: Trusting. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {D: I don't know} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay what um you okay then you might say uh a reckless driver is very 270: Foolish. Interviewer: Okay. Or if he doesn't have a care then he's what-less? 270: Hmm Useless? I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you got an F on a math test um what kind of mistakes do you usually say that you made? Like if uh you had to if you got in a hurry or something and just kinda bumbled through it? You'd call 'em something-or-other mistakes. 270: Stupid mistakes. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Uh what else might you say? You might say care- 270: Careless mistake? Interviewer: Sure. Sure, okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Haven't you ever made careless mistakes on a math test? 270: #1 Sometimes # Interviewer: #2 Like # 270: not recently. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: I like math. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah, # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: me neither. 270: I like it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Oh you do? 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: I can't stand math. 270: {NW} Interviewer: This is as far as I can count here. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay i- you might say there's nothing r- really quite lo- quite wrong with Aunt Lizzy but time sh- {X} but sometimes he acts kind of 270: Crazy? Interviewer: Okay. What else might you say? She acts kind of 270: Stupid. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {X} # That's what you're talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um would you ever use the word queer? 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh Aunt Lizzy's kind of kind of queer? 270: No, not with that. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 no- # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: not with Aunt Lizzy. {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay what uh um okay what has the word queer changed its meaning to you? 270: {NW} It means uh a a man is acting w- girlish way at least Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 That's what it # means to me. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if a man is very sure of his own ways and uh never wants to change you say don't be so what? 270: Stubborn? Interviewer: Okay. Sure. Uh okay and then somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper you'd say he's mighty 270: Mm Touchy. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um then you might say I was just kidding him, I didn't know he'd get 270: All riled up. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay when somebody's about to lose his temper, you tell him just 270: Cool it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: What else might you say? 270: Calm down. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you ever say uh keep calm? 270: Maybe, yeah. Interviewer: Okay, would woul- you say it? {X} 270: Keep calm. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you've been working very hard you'd say you're very 270: Tired. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Hit it hit it # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: right on the 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 nose. # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay how about if you were very, very tired? I mean ver- yeah very, very tired? 270: I still use tired. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if uh {NW} okay if if you use l- uh wear out you'd say he is all 270: Worn out. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if a person's been uh quite well and you hear that suddenly they have some disease you say last night she 270: Was alright? Interviewer: Okay but recent s- recently she 270: Was sick. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you be more apt to say uh last night she got sick or took sick? Or was taken sick? 270: She got sick. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um okay if a person sat in a draft and began to cough you might say last night 270: He caught a cold. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if it affected his voice you'd say he is {NW} 270: Hoarse. Interviewer: Okay. Um and then you might say I've got a little {NW} 270: Cough. Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: {X} do that. 270: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} okay and then you might say uh or he might say I'd better go to bed, I'm feeling a little 270: Down. {NW} Interviewer: Okay, what else might you say? 270: Sick. Interviewer: Or if they yawned you might 270: Oh sleepy. Interviewer: Okay. And then you might say at at six-o'clock I'll 270: Get up. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. But before you get up you have to 270: {X} Interviewer: open your eyes? 270: Oh {NW} um wake up. Interviewer: Okay, sure. Um okay if someo- if the doctor gives you some me- medicine he expects you to 270: Take it. Interviewer: okay and then yesterday you 270: Took it. Interviewer: And several times you have 270: Taken it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if you can't hear some- uh anything at all you say you're stone- 270: Deaf. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you've been working hard and you take your wet shirt off and say look how I 270: Sweat. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what might you call a um uh just discharging {D: soil} that comes to a head? Soil sore. {X} really bad. 270: {NW} A sore? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 270: Sore. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay when you when you put uh {NS} water in a pan and let it heat up it what happens to it? 270: Boils. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and when you um u- uh like a boil on your arm opens up the 270: #1 Oh it # Interviewer: #2 stuff that # 270: bursts? Interviewer: Okay. The stuff that drains out, what would you call that? 270: Pus. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and if you got an infection on your hand you might say you know and it got bigger you might say my hand began to 270: Swell. Interviewer: Okay. And yesterday it 270: Swole. Interviewer: Okay. And several times it has {C: silence} Interviewer: {C: silence} Okay. Um okay what uh Tampa would be what what is the relation to Tampa of Tampa to Hillsborough County? 270: It's a part of Hillsborough County. Interviewer: Okay. Um is it like the county seat? 270: mm Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Woul- would you call it a county seat? Or would you have some other word for it? 270: {X} is to part of Hillsbourough County. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah I mean is that where the courthouse is? 270: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Government near there? #1 mm-hmm # 270: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Um okay and the person who um pays the postmaster is called the federal 270: Uh {C: popping noise} Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Government? Interviewer: Sure. Sure. 270: Thought you said a person. {NW} Interviewer: Oh oh yeah. {NW} Um okay and the police in in town are supposed to maintain 270: {NW} Peace. Interviewer: Okay, what else? 270: Maintain um trouble {NW} Interviewer: {X} trouble? 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} I Interviewer: #1 Some of 'em do, # 270: #2 mean # Interviewer: yes. 270: {NW} Uh {X} that's all I can think of. {NW} Interviewer: Um what else might they uh might the police are supposed to maintain blank and blank. 270: Peace and quiet. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Peace and quiet? 270: Uh- Interviewer: #1 {D: Um} # 270: #2 huh. # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: How about uh law #1 {X} # 270: #2 Law # and order. Interviewer: #1 Okay, there you # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: go. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay the fight between the uh Northern and Southern states in eighteen-sixty-one {NW} {X} {D: why do you look like} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: Civil War? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Are you pretty good in history in school? 270: Well I just got an A out the course but please don't expect too much. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Uh uh {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: I never took the course so {NW} um okay before they had the electric chair murderers were 270: Hanged. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody commits suicide you might say the man went out and 270: Hung hisself. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay Albany is the capital of 270: Georgia? {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 No # Albany. Oh New Jersey. I was thinking is is it? Interviewer: #1 What? # 270: #2 It's # not though. Interviewer: A little farther north 270: {NW} Interviewer: than New Jersey. 270: It's Interviewer: #1 new # 270: #2 wha- what # Interviewer: do they have in the that convention in? 270: I don't watch the T.V. Interviewer: Oh. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Good, you haven't missed anything. 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: It's really boring. Uh 270: Well the reason the reason I said Georgia was cause Albany State is in Georgia Interviewer: Pardon me? 270: Albany State is in Georgia. Interviewer: oh is that a school? 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Whe- is it I guess it's in Albany {X} 270: mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Huh. What is it, a a three-year I mean a two-year 270: #1 No it's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: four-year. Interviewer: I've never heard of that. Doesn't mean too much, uh there's a lot of things I haven't heard of. Um 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay where's # 270: #1 Huh. # Interviewer: #2 where's # the biggest city in the United States? 270: That one {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh come on 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 now. # 270: New York. Interviewer: Okay. And the state that New York is in 270: #1 New York # Interviewer: #2 {D: is called} # 270: State. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and Baltimore is in 270: About to say Orleans, Maryland. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} uh okay okay and R- Richmond is in? 270: Virginia. Interviewer: Okay. And Raleigh is in? 270: Raleigh? Um it's in Carolina it's not the one Interviewer: Yeah. 270: #1 It # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 270: is? But I can't think of #1 which # Interviewer: #2 it's # in the one that's a little father north. 270: North Carolina. Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Sure. 270: {NW} Interviewer: And then the the state underneath North Carolina? 270: South Carolina. Interviewer: Okay. Um and I am from 270: Georgia. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Hmm Interviewer: Um and this state that we're in right now 270: Florida. Interviewer: Okay. And the state uh {D: let's see} um the state where George Wallace is from? 270: {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Huh? # 270: #2 {NW} # Um Interviewer: Begins with an A? 270: Oh not Alabama. Interviewer: Sure. 270: It is? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Wow. {NW} Interviewer: Wha- 270: Yeah okay. {NW} Interviewer: Why is that? Do you know they raised up that many fools? {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay so that state would be called 270: Alabama. Interviewer: Okay. Um Baton Rouge is the capital of 270: {NW} I'm not big on states. Interviewer: {NW} O- 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 kay. # Begins with an L? {D: from the} #1 South? # 270: #2 Lou- # -isiana? Interviewer: Sure. Uh and then the um the bluegrass state 270: Kentucky? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And the volunteer state? 270: The what? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 The volunteer # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: state? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay, it begins with a T? From the South? 270: Texas? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Well that's the answer to the next question but uh 270: um Interviewer: a little farther 270: A T? Interviewer: Yeah, it's just above uh Georgia to the east, no west. 270: There's not too many states beginning with T. Interviewer: Okay if you have this many fingers up 270: Oh Tennessee. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay, I got to remember that one there # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Hold up fingers. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay the uh the She Me State. It's on the Mississippi, begins with an M. 270: Missouri? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. Um okay where is Little Rock? 270: Arkansas. Interviewer: Okay. And Jackson what what's the river that's next to Missouri? 270: Missouri River. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 close. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} {D: Uh} Interviewer: Way down upon you know the 270: Suw- uh Suwannee {NW} Interviewer: #1 No that's # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 this is # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that was a bad 270: {NW} Interviewer: bad uh 270: You talking about Suwannee River? Interviewer: No I'm think about uh M-I-S-S-I- 270: Oh Mississippi. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 270: Should've told me to spell it backwards. {NW} Interviewer: Oh. 270: {NW} I remembered it that way. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 uh # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Okay then Tulsa is in 270: What? Interviewer: Tulsa? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} begins with an O? 270: Oklahoma? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And Boston is in 270: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Okay. Huh? 270: {X} I said oh wow Interviewer: Oh wow 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay and the states from Maine to Connecticut 270: {NW} I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see okay all all the people in the United States are supposed to you know come from where? 270: England? Interviewer: Okay. 270: Or New England? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 That's # Interviewer: New England. Okay so the states from Maine to Connecticut are the 270: New England states. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. Um okay the um biggest city in Maryland is it's where the Orioles are from? 270: Baltimore. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And the capital of the United States is 270: Washington. Interviewer: Washington? 270: D.C. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the uh {D: uh} the city in Missouri on the river? It's named after a a Saint? 270: Saint John. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} No what else uh what else? it's S- S- Saint begins with an L? Saint L 270: Saint Louis. Interviewer: Okay, sure. {NS} {X} {NS} okay the {C: volume decrease in speech} old historical seaport in South Carolina? 270: Charleston. Interviewer: Okay. And the uh steel-making town in Alabama? Begins with a B? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Bir- 270: Birmingham? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. {NS} Um okay what is the big city in Illinois where Al Capone 270: I don't know. I don't watch those {X} {NW} Interviewer: Uh. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Nobody watches the {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay it's also called the windy city? 270: Chicago. Interviewer: Sure, okay. And the uh capital of Alabama begins with an M? 270: I don't know. Interviewer: {NW} 270: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 U- uh # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # {NW} Interviewer: um Mon- M-O-N-T- 270: Mont-county? Interviewer: G- {NS} 270: I don't know. Oh Montgomery. {NW} Interviewer: Sure. Sure. 270: I don't know too much about it. I don't Interviewer: Me neither and I'm not much into geography at all. {C: increase in volume} Um okay and the and the uh town that's on the gulf, begins with an M? In Alabama? It's M- 270: I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay what would be another word for a car? A Uh: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 longer word? # 270: automobile? Interviewer: Okay. Take the last half of that word. 270: Oh Mobile. Interviewer: Okay. So the the 270: Mobile, Alabama Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay what would be the um resort city in western part of uh North Carolina? It's what you get when you you get sounds something like these things. Yeah. 270: Ashen? Asheville? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And the um the biggest city in East Tennessee? Has something to do with 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Um let's see if you hear something {NS} doing this on your door? 270: Knocking? Interviewer: Yeah. It sounds something like that. 270: Knoxville? Interviewer: Sure okay. {C: decrease in speech volume} um {NS} {C: increase in speech volume} 270: You could ask my brother all these questions. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and what i- what is the um uh another uh city in uh Tennessee? They wrote a song about it in the forty's about a choo-choo. {C: singing} Something like that? 270: mm uh Interviewer: Something-or-other choo-choo. Cha- 270: {NW} Chattanooga? Interviewer: Sure. O- okay. Um okay an- and the uh uh okay the capital of Tennessee 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay what would be the the place where we {C: decrease in volume} {D: brand a lot of} {X} {D: postpone} 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Uh okay. Okay well the um okay the city in Tennessee where Martin Luther King was killed? Begins with an M? 270: Yeah I don't know that one Interviewer: You know? Something like that? 270: {X} Interviewer: Um let's see Memphis? Does that ring a bell? 270: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: so could you say that for me then? 270: Memphis. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: {NW} Okay and and the the capital or I mean the north city in in Tennessee. It sounds something like the city in North Carolina. It sounds something like Asheville. But its begins with an N. 270: Nashville. Interviewer: Okay and then the the city that I'm from 270: you never tell Interviewer: #1 oh # 270: #2 me # Interviewer: #1 well in # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Georgia? 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: begins with an A? 270: Oh G- oh Atlanta? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And the uh the seaport in uh Georgia begins with an S? 270: mm. Interviewer: Sa- 270: {NW} Interviewer: um let's see {D: I got to replay it again} it's along the coast in Georgia, begins with an S? S-A-V- 270: {NS} {D: I don't know.} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay who discovered America? 270: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: No. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: Christopher Columbus. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what {C: increase in volume} would be a a city that's um across the river from Phoe- Phoenix City Alabama? Begins with an M and it sounds like a what you might have for breakfast? Something-or-other and eggs? 270: Talking about oh Macon? Interviewer: Yeah. 270: Oh. Interviewer: Say it a little bit louder, I 270: {NW} Macon. Interviewer: Okay. Very uh Um okay and the place where the Mardi Gras is held? {C: overlapping exterior speech} 270: New Orleans? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And uh the city that I said before um Ba- 270: Baton Rouge? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would be the the biggest {C: sound muffled} city in in Southern Ohio? Ohio. Ohio. Where the Reds and the Bengals play. It's 270: #1 Cincinnati? # Interviewer: #2 called # Sure. Okay. Um and then where is the uh the um Kentucky Derby held? 270: Kentucky. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: Okay} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Begins with an L? Louis- 270: Louisville? Interviewer: Sure. Sure. Can you say it 270: #1 Louis- # Interviewer: #2 sl- # 270: ville. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay where is the uh what is the uh the country in Europe where leprechauns come from? 270: Hmm Interviewer: Where Saint Patrick comes from. 270: Oh um Interviewer: Always wearing the green 270: {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # I- Ireland. Interviewer: Okay. And then the place uh the country that Paris is in? 270: London. {NW} Interviewer: Paris? 270: {NW} Rome? {NW} Interviewer: Well you know, it's where they ha- they 270: #1 {D: Oh okay} # Interviewer: #2 have all this # 270: England? {NW} #1 {D: I don't know} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Why don't you just answer} # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: oh} # Um it's where they have make all those wines? You get French bread there. 270: Oh France. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: That's not a clue} # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh long day huh? 270: mm Interviewer: Okay and the uh the big communist country over there? 270: Germany? Interviewer: Of 270: {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: Do you need a break?} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Um 270: {NW} Interviewer: the real big communist country. 270: Um mm Interviewer: Begins with an R. 270: Russia? {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what is the um the big body of water on the western coast of Florida? 270: Um Gulf of Mexico. Interviewer: Okay. And the um the city down at towards the end of Florida? The tip of Florida? 270: Miami? Interviewer: Sure. Okay. Um {C: clears throat} okay about how far is it from from here to uh {X} 270: {NS} about fifty fifty- five it ain't that much more it's between thirty and sixty miles. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if um when you could've used some help you might say afterwards why did you sit around what blank helping me? 270: Instead of. Interviewer: Okay sure. Uh okay then you might say uh if a man is funny you'll and you like him you say I like him why? 270: Because he's funny. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what are some names of uh different religious groups uh in the South? 270: {NW} um Seventh Christian {X} Baptists. Interviewer: Okay. 270: Um Catholics. Interviewer: you might have to speak up just a little bit. 270: Catholics. Um Ju- Judaism. Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay. Okay if two people became members of a church you'd say they what? 270: They joined the church. Interviewer: Okay, sure. Um okay and in the church you pray to 270: God. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the preacher preaches a 270: Sermon. Interviewer: Okay. And the choir and organist 270: Sing Interviewer: Okay. 270: songs. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh okay u- um but what uh what basically do they do? They provide good 270: Uh music. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and then you might say that music is 270: Spiritually uplifting. {NW} Interviewer: {D: Ah gaw} 270: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What what else might you say? 270: {NW} It's it's good. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and the enemy and opposite of God is called 270: The Devil. Interviewer: Okay, have you ever heard any other words for the Devil? 270: Satan. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Anything else? 270: His name. Interviewer: Whose whose name? 270: The Devil. Um Interviewer: Lucifer? 270: Yeah, Lucifer. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what what do people think they see at night that frightens them? 270: Shadows. Interviewer: Okay. What if it was coming out of a graveyard? 270: A ghost. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and then ghost in a house then a a ghost might ghost ghost might hang around and 270: Haunts it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 A haunted # house. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} okay if somebody owns uh five-hundred acres of land how much land would that be? You might say that's a what of land? 270: A lot of land? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say uh uh right smart land? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Right smart of land? 270: No. Interviewer: No? {X} 270: mm-hmm Interviewer: Um okay if you wanted to say something stronger, more enthusiastic than yes you'd say 270: Sure! Interviewer: {D: Well} {X} moving right on. {NW} Uh okay if somebody asks you uh can you really do that 270: Sure can. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: uh 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay great. 270: {NW} I sure can. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 What's the matter? # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # {NW} I use sure can. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um okay or you might say uh it wasn't just a little cold this morning, it was 270: It was it was a it was a cold one Interviewer: Uh 270: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Well # if it wasn't a a little bit cold but it was f- 270: mm Interviewer: free- 270: it was uh real bit cold? Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: Dumb. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. {NS} Huh? 270: Said I'm dumb. {NW} Interviewer: You done? 270: I'm dumb. {NW} Interviewer: No, no, not at all. Um okay when somebody tells you something that's really shocking and maybe it was attributed to you um you might show kind of resentment by saying why'd he 270: Why? I don't know. Interviewer: or why did he I 270: I {NW} I'd never. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um what else might you say? 270: I would say why would you say such a thing? something #1 like # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # W- w- um {X} how about the idea of? 270: I don't know Interviewer: Okay well would you say that for the microphone please? 270: Why the idea. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Um okay uh okay when a friend says good morning what might you ask him in return? 270: How are you? Interviewer: Okay. Um when you're introduced to a stranger what might you say to him? Her? It? 270: {NW} Um I'd tell them my name and and nice to meet you and how are you {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if you've enjoyed somebody's visit you might say come 270: Come again. Interviewer: Okay. And then what do you say if uh on December twenty-fifth? 270: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Okay, {X} {NW} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay what what would you say on uh January First? 270: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and then you might say I'm much instead of saying thank you you might say I'm much 270: Appreciated. Interviewer: Okay or what else? I'm much o- 270: I'm much um Interviewer: Beginning with O. I'm much o- uh {NW} B. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever say much obliged? 270: Oh no. Interviewer: Okay, but would you say it for me please? 270: I'm much obliged. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if you're not sure whether you have time or not you'd say I what I'll have time? I blank I'll have time. 270: I'm not sure? Interviewer: Yeah, if you're not sure 270: I'll see if I have time. Interviewer: Okay. W- woul- would you ever say uh I reckon I'll have time? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Or suppose I'll have time? 270: I guess I have #1 time. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Okay. Um then you go downtown to do some 270: Shopping. Interviewer: Okay. And if you bought something the storekeeper took a piece of paper and what? 270: Figured it up? Interviewer: Or put the box here and 270: Folded it? Interviewer: A a box? 270: Oh {NW} Interviewer: You know, put a piece of paper 270: Uh-huh. Wrapped it? Interviewer: Okay. 270: Oh. Interviewer: And if you got home then you would 270: Unwrap it. Interviewer: Okay. Um and then again you might say when I got home I you s- in the past, yesterday I {C: overlapping exterior audio} 270: I unwrapped it. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {C: exterior Spanish speech} Uh {NS} okay if you sell uh for less than you pay you might say I had to sell it at a 270: Bargain. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {C: overlapping exterior speech} # 270: #2 # Interviewer: What else might you say? {NS} 270: At a discount. Interviewer: Okay. Or I had to sell it at a 270: Low price. Interviewer: Okay, or {C: exterior speech, Spanish} {C: exterior speech, English} if you didn't gain then you 270: You lost? Interviewer: Okay. You sold it at a {NS} 270: A loss. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 270: W- I never use it. Interviewer: You e- you ever heard {C: exterior speech} you never sell anything at a loss? 270: Oh {NS} yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 I don't use it. # {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay if you see something in the window that you like {C: exterior speech} but it you don't have enough money to buy it you might s- say I like it but it 270: It's too too expensive. Interviewer: Okay or it 270: Cost too much. Interviewer: Okay, sure. Okay the uh the time to pay the bill you say the bill is 270: Due. Interviewer: Okay. If you belong to a club you have to pay the 270: Dues. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you don't have any money you go to a friend and try to 270: Uh borrow. Interviewer: Okay. And when a uh banker refuses a loan or something he might say money is 270: Hard to get. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. W- what else might he say? If it's not plentiful it's s- or he might say in the thirties money was 270: Hard to come by. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um or if you're talking about just things in general you might say those things are about as what 270: #1 worthless? # Interviewer: #2 as # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Well. Those things about as blank as hen's teeth 270: I don't know. Interviewer: Would you ever say scarce? Are you nervous? {NW} 270: A little. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Nah don't be 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 nervous. # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay so you might say those things are about as 270: Scarce Interviewer: okay. Um okay if you where going to go swimming you got to the water, you might say I'm going to {C: popping sound} 270: Dive? Interviewer: Okay. Then yesterday I {NS} 270: Dove wow. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Dived? Interviewer: Okay, sure. And then you might say uh several times I have 270: Dived. Interviewer: Okay perfect. Um okay when you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a 270: {NW} Belly-dive. Interviewer: Okay. You ever do that? 270: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: #1 It # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: smarts, doesn't it? {NW} 270: Yes. {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay if a boy puts his head on the ground and kicks up his feet and goes over you say he turns a 270: Tumble. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um what else might you say? 270: Somersault? Interviewer: Okay sure. Okay then when you dive into the water you say you're going to 270: Swim. Interviewer: okay and then yesterday you 270: Swam. Interviewer: Okay. And several times you have 270: Swimmed. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um okay when you buy something or pay your bill uh some storekeepers'll give storekeepers will give you a little present. They'll say it's for {NS} 270: Never happened to me. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay- 270: {NW} Interviewer: {C: distorted speech} Me neither. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay if somebody got caught in a whirlpool and didn't get out you say that he he was going to 270: {NW} Drown? Interviewer: Okay. And then yesterday he 270: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay and several times he has 270: Never. {NW} Interviewer: #1 never # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: You mean a {D: brave} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: that he works in all} # day today. 270: Okay. Interviewer: what? 270: Drowned. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um okay if you might say uh what okay what what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 270: Crawl. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you saw something up a tree and wanted to take a closer look at it 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: You might say I'm going to 270: Climb. Interviewer: Okay. And yesterday I 270: Climbed. Interviewer: Okay. And several times I have 270: Climbed. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if a man wants to uh hide behind a low hedge he's got to 270: Duck. Interviewer: okay. What else so ducking kind of folds his legs up? 270: Um bend down. Interviewer: Okay. What else if he goes like {NW} I do this every time. {D: uh} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 If he # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: goes like this? Gets down here like so? 270: Squatting. Interviewer: Okay, sure. {NW} I'm getting old. Um okay if somebody was uh in church or a girl was in church you might say she walked up to the altar and she did what on her knees? 270: Kneeled. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and if you were tired you say I'm going to 270: get some rest. Interviewer: Okay but I'm gonna go to the couch and 270: Lay down? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and if somebody was sick you might say all morning he he what in bed? 270: Stayed in bed. Interviewer: Okay. Uh um you might say all morning he 270: Laid in bed? Interviewer: Okay sure. Uh okay if you were talking about something in your sleep you might say often I go to sleep and I 270: Talk in my sleep. Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Well if you don't talk in your sleep wha- what is it that goes around your head? 270: Dreams. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say yesterday I 270: Dreamed. Interviewer: Okay. And several times I have 270: Dreamt. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Uh okay then you might say I dreamt so and so and all of a sudden I 270: Woke up. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you bring your foot down hard on the floor like this 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: without without much noise um you say you did what? 270: Stamp. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a um a boy sees a girl at church and wants to go home with her 270: mm {NW} Interviewer: He says he says may I 270: {NW} go home with you. Interviewer: Okay. She'd go to church more often. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay to get a boat up on land you tie a rope to the bow and 270: Pull. Interviewer: Okay. And if you want to launch it you? 270: Push. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Okay if you carried a a very heavy suitcase a long distance instead of saying I carried it- you'd say I 270: Brought it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. W- would you would you be more apt to call say I I toted it 270: #1 Toted # Interviewer: #2 or # 270: it. {NW} Interviewer: You would 270: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 say that? # 270: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay if your mother was in the kitchen cooking when you were a little kid 270: mm-hmm. Interviewer: uh and you might she might tell you that stove is very hot so don't 270: Touch it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay if you might repeat that. 270: That stove is very hot so don't touch it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Um if you need a hammer you'd say to me 270: Give me the hammer. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Or w- would you be more apt to say uh bring me a hammer, get me a hammer, or go fetch a hammer? 270: Get me the hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Um in playing tag uh what is the tree against which children can hold their hands and be safe? 270: The base. Interviewer: Okay. And uh in hockey what are they trying to put the puck {NW} into? 270: In the uh hmm Interviewer: Would you call that a base too? 270: Yeah. mm-hmm. Interviewer: You would? Okay. How about in in basketball, what do they 270: Basket. Interviewer: okay, is that is there you wouldn't call that a base 270: #1 Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #2 would you? # 270: It's a basket. Interviewer: Okay. Would you call it a goal? 270: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh 270: Yeah, that's what you call it, hockey goal. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. You haven't watched much watched much hockey then. 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: No? 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 No. # {NW} Um okay if you throw a ball you expect somebody to 270: Catch it. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say yesterday they 270: Caught it. Interviewer: Okay. And several times they have 270: Caught it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay if someone {NS} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Gesundheit. 270: Yeah thank you. {NW} Interviewer: Um {C: cough} okay if someone might tell you let's meet in town. If I get there first I'll 270: Wait on you. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you were um if you're about to punish a child he might say to you please what? 270: Please stop. Interviewer: Okay. Or if he wants a little mercy he might say please give 270: Me a chance. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Um okay if a man is in a very good mood you say he's in a very good 270: Mood? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: okay who who's the guy that um okay you might say he's got a very good sense of 270: Humor. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: a good-humored man. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 That's # 270: #2 Aw # {NW} #1 {D: I} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {D: choose on you} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Ah yeah. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh we do many things in this business. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay you might say uh we've got termites but I'm sure the exterminating company will 270: Get rid of them. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay you might say he didn't know what was going on but he what? Woul- would you be- be more apt to say acts as if he knew? Or he made out like he knew? 270: Act. {NW} You want me to say it though. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # acts as if he knew. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if someone stole your pencil what is a slang word you might use? 270: What you mean, for the person? Interviewer: Or no, s- stealing your pencil. You might say who 270: Stole it. {NW} Interviewer: okay. What else might you say? 270: Who got my pencil? That's what I say. Interviewer: Okay. Um Would you ever say swipe? 270: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Or # ripped off? 270: Yeah, ripped off. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um {NW} we're getting towards the end here. Um 270: It's not bothering me. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh okay you might say I had forgotten about that but now I 270: Remember. Interviewer: Okay. And then you might say to me well you must have a better mem- better mm. a better memory than I do cuz I sure don't 270: What comes before that? {NW} Something comes after that? Interviewer: Cuz I sure don't. 270: Have one. {NW} Interviewer: Um would you um be more apt to say I don't remember, I disremember, disrec- collect? Or can't {X} 270: That's {NW} I say can't recall. Oh okay. Okay. And then if you get a pen and you start making these lines on the paper mm-hmm. Interviewer: you say you're going to 270: #1 Write? # Interviewer: #2 to # Sure. Okay. And you might say yesterday I 270: Wrote. Interviewer: Okay. And several 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 times # 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} I have Interviewer: #1 {D: stealing my act} # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 here # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay, several times I have 270: Written. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if somebody asked a question then they expect 270: An answer. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if you put a letter in the envelope and you take your pen and do what on the envelope? 270: Oh Write on an address. Interviewer: Okay. Then you might say you're going to 270: Mail it. Interviewer: Or 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: putting the address in the corner, 270: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 might say I'm # going to 270: um write the return address? Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: mm Interviewer: Um what what would you call the the act of writing somebody's address in the corner? 270: Addressing it. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. So you might say you're going to 270: Address. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if a little boy has learned something new um you might say who 270: Taught. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay what would you call some uh a child that uh say a boy does something naughty in class and the little girl goes up and tells the teacher {D: Wha- w-} 270: Tattletale. Interviewer: okay. Uh okay if you want a bouquet of flowers for the dinner table you go out in the garden and 270: Pick. {C: popping sound that cuts off what may have been heard of the /k/} Interviewer: Okay. Um uh okay what would you call a a a thing that a child might play with? 270: A toy? Interviewer: Sure. {C: silence} Interviewer: ever uh call a toy anything else? 270: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} okay if uh somebody has a book of yours you might say uh will you please do what to the book? 270: Give it back? Interviewer: Okay. And yesterday they 270: Gave it back. Interviewer: Okay and several times they have 270: Given it back. Interviewer: Okay. Uh have w- have you ever do you ever uh do you {NS} s- {NS} {D: if you'll} going for a walk or something down the road and halfway down the road it started to rain you might say I was halfway down the road when it be- 270: #1 Began # Interviewer: #2 when it # 270: to rain. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Um # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Then you might look up and say I think it's going to 270: Start going to rain. Interviewer: Okay. Um 270: Pour down. Interviewer: Or you might say it's 270: #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 it's # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 270: It's going to rain. Interviewer: Okay. Um Or you might say uh I'm uh {X} uh okay then you might say several times it has 270: Rained. Interviewer: Okay. Um Would you ever use commence? {D: Uh} comme- commence to eat or 270: {NW} No. Interviewer: No? 270: #1 Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 270: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh okay what would {D: there} be okay then you might say what time does the show 270: start? Interviewer: Okay, is there another word that begins with B? 270: Begin. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # Interviewer: Uh let's see, long day. Okay uh horses gallop but people 270: Walk and run. Interviewer: Right okay. Okay then you might say yesterday I 270: Ran. Interviewer: Okay. And several times I have 270: {NW} Uh ran. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he 270: Live? Interviewer: or where does he 270: Come from. Interviewer: Okay. Uh-huh. Then you might say last night he 270: Came from. Interviewer: Okay. And several times he has 270: Came from? Interviewer: Okay. Okay uh wha- what do you do with your eyes? You 270: Look. Interviewer: {NW} 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Or # 270: #2 see # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Then you might say yesterday I 270: Saw. Interviewer: And several times I have 270: Seen. Interviewer: okay. Um if you can't get through a road because the highway department's got their machines in it you might say the road's all 270: Tore up. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay the if you give somebody a bracelet you might say to him why don't you 270: Wear it? Interviewer: Or you just give it to him, you might say why don't you put 270: Put the bracelet on? Interviewer: Okay. So the opposite of take it off is 270: Put on. Put it on. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay um if your sister went out um and painted a picture you might say who 270: Painted that picture. Interviewer: Okay or if you want to say it shorter form, who did 270: {NW} who did this? Interviewer: Okay. Uh then you might say yesterday she 270: Did it. Interviewer: Okay. And she has 270: Done it. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if somebody was asking you they might say did you 270: Do this. Interviewer: okay. Uh okay then the opposite of something would 270: Nothing. Interviewer: Okay. And the opposite of nothing would be 270: Something. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay in the sentence uh I've ner- never heard of what things? It begins with an S. I've never heard of su- 270: Such things. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and the opposite of never is 270: Always. Interviewer: Okay. Um then you might say I've got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever 270: T- What? Interviewer: {NW} 270: Oh no, I don't know. Interviewer: I've been scared of horses ever s- 270: Since. Interviewer: okay. 270: Oh. Interviewer: {X} {D: clue when you} 270: I didn't understand you. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay if somebody uh if you wanted to know something you might go up to him and 270: Ask him. Interviewer: Okay. Um then you might say yesterday he 270: Asked you Interviewer: Okay. Um and then somebody might ask you I mean I don't care somebody might uh say to you um why don't you 270: Ask? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and then you might say every time those boys get together they 270: They are nothing but trouble. Interviewer: #1 {D: They're like} {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # Um they fight? Interviewer: Okay. 270: Oh. Interviewer: Then yesterday they 270: Fought. Interviewer: okay and several times they have 270: Fought. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: rustling papers} if somebody uh {NS} took a a knife 270: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: yesterday #1 and # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: they did what to somebody else? 270: Cut Interviewer: Or {C: popping noise} 270: {NW} killed? Interviewer: Or 270: Stabbed. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 There you # go. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay if there's a funny picture on the blackboard, the teacher asks who 270: #1 Drew. # Interviewer: #2 that? # #1 Okay. # 270: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 270: #2 # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: They'd say who 270: drew this picture? Interviewer: Okay. If you're going to uh lift something like a piece of machinery up to the roof 270: Uh-huh. Interviewer: you might use toy blocks and a rope to 270: Pull? Interviewer: or 270: Drop. Interviewer: Okay. What else? Um begins with an H. Hoi- {X} 270: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 270: #2 {NW} # {NW} oh um I don't know. Interviewer: Hoist? 270: Oh I know that one. {NW} Interviewer: Okay woul- would you say that for me please? 270: Hoist? Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 270: #2 That's # Oh Interviewer: Sure. Okay. We got one more section to do then we're finished. 270: #1 What # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NS} um okay would you count from uh one to fourteen for me please. 270: Mm. One, two, three, Interviewer: #1 four, # 270: #2 Oh sl- # Interviewer: s- slowly 270: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Interviewer: Okay. And if you add seven to that? I mean no no if you add six to that you have? 270: Twenty. Interviewer: Okay and add seven to that. 270: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Okay, add three to that. 270: Thirty. Interviewer: Add ten to that. 270: Forty. Interviewer: You're good at math, really. 270: {NW} Interviewer: Uh and then thirty to that you'd have 270: Sixty. Oh seventy. Interviewer: Minus one 270: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: okay} # 270: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and then add thirty to that. 270: A hundred. Interviewer: Okay and a hundred times ten? 270: Thousand. Interviewer: Okay and ten times a hundred-thousand? 270: A million? Interviewer: Sure. Sure. Okay if there are a line of people {C: train whistle} in the store {NS} the man at the head of the line would be the 270: The beginner. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 270: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: But if he would be the #1 which man # 270: #2 head # Interviewer: Which man am I? He would be the 270: First person. Interviewer: Okay and the next? 270: Second. Interviewer: And the next? 270: Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Interviewer: Perfect. {NS} Very good. Um uh {NW} okay in the sentence um if he said it more than once he would be saying it 270: Twice. Interviewer: Okay. Okay the first month of the year is 270: January. Interviewer: Okay, and next? 270: February. March. April. May. June. July. August, September. October. November. December. Interviewer: Okay. 270: {NW} Interviewer: And the day after Monday is 270: Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh what does the uh or the day after Sunday is 270: Monday. Interviewer: okay. Um what what does sabbath mean? 270: Holy holy day. Interviewer: Uh-huh, what 270: Rest day. Interviewer: Okay. What day is that? 270: Sunday. Interviewer: Okay. Okay if you uh meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting? 270: Good morning. Interviewer: Okay unti- until what time? 270: Twelve. Interviewer: Okay. And then the part of the day before before supper? 270: The afternoon. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NW} okay what do you say when you leave people? Goodbye. 270: #1 Bye. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Would you ever say good day to anybody? Okay. Uh okay what is the part of the day after supper? 270: Evening. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call it after you're you go to bed? 270: Night. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay then what would you say when you're saying goodbye, when you're leaving someone's house after dark? 270: Goodnight. Interviewer: {NW} #1 Thank you very much. # 270: #2 {NW} # {NS} {C: silence} Interviewer: {NS: Papers} Alright I got it. Um, now. {NS: Papers} Close that down. The um {NS: Microphone adjustment} {NS: Radio} {D: I gave you that sheet, right?} {NS: Radio} Today is what, the fifteenth? 289: Fourteenth. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Time's been flying by so fast. 289: um I just count to Disney World September the fifth. {NW: Grunt} Interviewer: How many times have you been there? 289: It's been open four years and it'll be my fourth time. Interviewer: Do you really like {X}. 289: Well when you go there, as soon as you get to the gate, you know you give them your reservation, if you're staying at their hotels, you enter a new world. You don't have any worries, no problems. You don't know anyone there, other than the person that you're with. And the people there, they're kind they're courteous, they'll go out of their way to help you in any way. Because my old nephew last year, we had him with us, And he got sick and we thought we might have to use the hospital, you know we was wondering how to get there. And the nurse on the phone says, "Well ma'am," she says, "If you need any help what so ever, you phone down for the desk you tell the guy that you have to take the baby, to a- to a hospital," you know. "There will be a courtesy car waiting at the front door for you. The car will take you to the hospital. It will wait there until you are finished to return and it doesn't cost you a thing except your own hospital bill." That was it. So really really can't go wrong. I've seen people there that's just had major surgery and a doctor says, "Well go somewhere where you can relax." At Disney World. Interviewer: Huh. Well I, I never would have thought that people in Florida would have found a place to uh, go in Florida {NW} 289: Well let's put it this way for us right now, since my father's death it's just my mother and myself. So that is the nearest place that we can go, that we can stay, for a while, And can afford it, it's not too- The most expensive thing is your hotel room. Everything else inside of Disney World itself is cheap. Interviewer: Is it? Now that's the thing that's keeping me away more or less, you know. 289: Well I think you get a tick- you can get enough- you get two admissions and enough tickets for two days I think it's for about eight dollars. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: So where can you go to get tickets, you know, for entertainment. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And I've been there four time- three times, And I still haven't seen everything yet. I'm still waiting to see it all. Interviewer: They're building more too. 289: Well it's just that- you get- to where you like one thing so much that- "Small world" last year I went to about three different times. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: And while I had my nephew with me, and he wanted to see "Small World." So we can- and you enjoy it so. {NS} Interviewer: Do um, Do they have a lot of acts and things, you know like? 289: Well they have one that's put out by Frito-Lay and Pepsi, that's real live entertainment, And it's free. You don't need the coupons. And all you have to do is, when you go in they set you to a table, you buy a coke- I mean not coke, good heavens. You buy a Pepsi. Interviewer: {NW: Laughing} 289: And uh, potato chips or brownies and eat it and while the entertainments on it's free Interviewer: #1 {NW: Laugh} {X} {NW: Laugh} # 289: #2 That's free, uh huh # {NW} Thirty-five cents for a soda and, you're in there for an hour in air condition. So it's worth it, that, that one's free and I think uh, Eastern has a free one. Monsanto had one. They're free, period, well this year they got um, the Hall of Presidents for the Bicentennial, it's free. And you can go in, you don't need to use your tickets for that and that's nice. But the one they have in California they have just of Lincoln. Interviewer: Mm. 289: And he'll be sitting down when the thing opens, when the curtain opens and he'll move his head around and you see his hand on his chair moving, and then he'll stand up and his fingers moves, his feet moves, his eyes move around, and his mouth is going, and then he'll take a step forward and back. And I get more- I get- Just remembering the one in California from the one visit gives me more of a thrill than this one. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 289: But everytime I go there and see one with President Kennedy, {X} I think he's standing, he looks at you and nods, I can Barely cry anyway, when I see him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: That's nice. Interviewer: Yeah well I just eh, I might be able to stop by there on the way back down. 289: Well it's nice because, While the Ca- before I went, two times I went, I just paid for The straight hotel room. And well, but since then, this year they've raised the prices for the hotel room. {X} Cheapest one. But forty-two dollars isn't cheap. Interviewer: Alright. 289: But for forty-two dollars you can have two adults and three children in your room, that's it. Interviewer: Yeah, so it's better if you had a family. 289: Yeah. But then uh, and to that, is any kid under seventeen years of age can stay in your room free. Interviewer: Um. 289: With their parents, so that's where it comes in good too. Interviewer: Yeah, and you couldn't do that with uh, some place else. 289: No. Interviewer: So, okay {NW: Laugh} so, um. What- what county- what does- fir-first off give the city and the county that- 289: Key West, Monroe County, Florida. Interviewer: Okay, And your full name. 289: {B} Interviewer: L, A, E? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS: Radio} {X} 289: Right. Interviewer: Okay and your address? 289: {B} {NS: Radio} Okay, and your birthplace? Key West. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Okay, mind if I ask your age? 289: {NW: Laugh} Thirty-four. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Female Interviewer: Yeah well I- {NW: Laugh} 289: And white. {NW: Laugh} Interviewer: Okay. um, and your occupation? 289: Assistant Librarian. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: {X} {NS: Radio} A, R, Y, that's it. {NS: Radio} And your religion? 289: Episcopalian. or Protestant. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: When can, well, {D: With all them kind of churches they have} ain't a lot of churches {D: of this kind}. 289: Jewish, Catholic, Methodists, There's a congregational, They have that, What is it, "Liebman Memorial" then they have that- I call it, "Holy witness" {NS: Radio} Episcopal, Um {NS: Radio} I call them other ones I call them "Lig" I call them holy roller churches but I know that's not what they- what they call them now. Interviewer: And what is it uh- uh, immerse? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: What are those? 289: Well you have a baptist church where they, dump you in the water. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And then th- that um "Glad Tidings Tabernacle," they, dump you in the water too. {NS: Radio} Just a little bit of everything, and they have that Uni- they have that Unitarian church, too. Interviewer: That's one of the few I've seen around here that has about twice as many churches as bars. It's usually the other way around {NW: Laugh}. 289: Well some of these bars need to be uh, closed up anyway. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 289: I would- let's put it this way- {X} I'll go to- about the only one I'll go to now is the Inner Circle Because you know they have people there to see to it that if other people get too rowdy it's, the door. Interviewer: Oh. 289: Just leave. Interviewer: Some of them get pretty rough? 289: Well I've heard the big daddies have had some knife fights. Interviewer: Knives? {X} from outsiders or city people or? 289: No I couldn't take this, I don't even go that much out. Not in Key West, I'll wait and Miami bound and then I'll go out. Interviewer: Okay. and uh, um, when was the last uh, The highest, education you went? 289: The highest when I finished high school and took one course at a junior college. Interviewer: Okay, so, uh. W- did you go to high school here? 289: Mm-hmm, Key West High. {NS: Microphone adjustment, Radio} Interviewer: And now is that the junior college here? 289: Florida Keys Community College. Interviewer: It um. The uh, how big is that school? 289: I have no idea I went there in nineteen seventy-one, in the summertime, for six weeks, just to take one course on, business management, that was it. Interviewer: {NS: Radio} I was just noticed, curious, because I haven't seen it yet but- 289: Well I assumed to think they had around three hundred kids that uh graduated. Interviewer: Three hundred. 289: From there this year. Interviewer: And it'd probably be around, three- that'd probably mean about two thousand I guess, all together. 289: Well I know- I know they added- they supposed to be adding on but I don't- Interviewer: #1 Well I guess n- # 289: #2 I don't know how much. # Interviewer: The uh. {X} do you know when the- the- see they're closing down the bases aren't they? 289: Most of them are cl- well see the naval station, is pretty well closed, they have a sonar station going there. And I know the galley, is open, cuz they have a lot of people. See there's a lot of government housing down there, so they put the- the higher ranking officers get the better homes. So that's open for that and I know they can feed two or three hundred at that galley. Now at Bogacheeka, they have, Air Force. Army. Marines. Navy. There. And I know at their lunch time which is uh, they call it dinner they feed- they can feed anywhere from four to seven hundred people. And I know, I've worked there. Interviewer: Oh. 289: So forget it I know they got that there. Interviewer: So it's still going on. 289: That one's still going I think they going to keep that, a-mainly for a um, Training- thing because, a lot of times Pensacola is where they teach the- you know the pilots to fly and how to land on a small, landing strip For carriers. And a lot of times, when Pensacola in the winter time it has bad weather, they send the, planes to Key West and they practice landing here cuz we have a short strip that is about the length of a carrier. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 289: So they always coming in and out. Interviewer: I know there was some over there {X} make a lot of a noise. At least that's what uh- 289: Well they've cut down since they've had that fuel, shortage, thing. They've cut down and they used to be flying, all over. And we used to see the big Air Force b- um, SAC Planes from Homestead. You'll see them. I guess they have to come down so low to get ready to go into uh- homestead because you could really distinguish them. Interviewer: Oh. They were flying very low? 289: Yeah. And they used to have, see they used to have um. B, F, One oh One. V, X, One. V, S, Thirty. And I think now they only have B, F, One oh One, and they have that R, V, A, H Squadron and- Interviewer: So they were fi- fighter squadrons. 289: Mm-hmm. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: You belong to any, uh, clubs or social groups or? Anything like that? #1 You know, professional groups? # 289: #2 No. # No, mm-mm Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, your- your parents' uh birthplace, your mother and father? 289: My mother was born in Punta-Gorda, Florida, Punta-Gorda. {NS: Radio} My father was Key West. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Okay. Uh now, you said your mother was born in Punta- Punta-Gorda mainly because uh, uh she went up there- I mean her parents went up there and came back? 289: Yeah. Well she, her mother was- bo- Her mother- {NS} Is there, but she was supposed to be adopted by another family, and she was brought and raised here, but she lived in Philadelphia some and she lived in- Interviewer: #1 That's your grandmother? # 289: #2 Tampa, then she came to Key West. # No my mother. Interviewer: Alright, your mother. 289: But she's been here most- Since she's about, I guess about six years old, five or six years old. Interviewer: Okay, but she was born there? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: And what, where were her parents from? Your grandparents from? 289: I have no idea where hers came from. Interviewer: Okay. And um, but she was born there and she lived in Philadelphia but she came here #1 After you were born, # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 For a while. # 289: #2 yeah. # She's been here ever- ever since she was a- I say since she was around five, six years old she's been in Key West, and this is where she's lived. Interviewer: Okay. And uh how about your uh, father's grandparents? Are those the one- those the ones that- 289: They're the ones- that- came to Key West from the Bahamas and England. Interviewer: And that was back, what- what do they trace that back to, The landscape that {X}. 289: Eighteen Sixty Four. Interviewer: Sixty Four? So that'd be uh- 289: Over a hundred years. Interviewer: Yeah- you- your great- that's your- your great grandfather. 289: This way, I know of, my grandmother, my great grandmother, and I've heard of my great- Great grandmother, and when my grandmother was alive- Back a little bit more but that's about it. Interviewer: Yeah but the ones that were born, or lived here you know, uh, your great grandmother lived here? 289: My great grandmother lived here, yeah. Interviewer: And uh. And your grandfather was born here. 289: I think so. Interviewer: And then your father. 289: I- I've never been really interested in that family tree thing, maybe as I get older. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: I will but, I know they was- They all came- my father's side of the family was all came from here, or was born here. Our C- Our house one of those old Conch houses, that- and the main section of the old house- of the house, instead of using two-by-fours they used four-by-fours. Interviewer: Mm. 289: And they have uh- you try and cut that wood it'll spark out fire. That's how good it still is cuz it's that, good mahogany. {X} And it has the wooden nails in it. Interviewer: Mm. You mean the pegs? 289: Mm-hmm, the wooden pegs. Interviewer: The um, what- what was the- what- what's been your um- well what was your father's occupation? 289: He was a carpenter. Interviewer: Carpenter? Okay. And um- How about- did your mother, work? 289: Well she works- she's worked for the Navy, and she works right now for a bookstore. Interviewer: So she's been like what um, well she's been employed but um- 289: She's always been working ever since I was little. Maybe a year or, two here and there where she didn't, but she's always been working. Interviewer: Okay {X}- So it's like a Clerk, or? 289: Yeah, Clerk. Interviewer: Okay. Um- How about uh- Do you know your mother and father's education level? 289: My father went as, high as the, eighth grade I think it was then he had to quit because his father had died when he was little, and my grandmother thought where she had to sons and my father being the ol'- oldest, that my father was the one that had to quit the school first, and go to work Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: And my mother I think she went to about the seventh- Seventh or eight grade. Interviewer: Okay. 289: That's about it. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: The um- And, you say you didn't- you said you didn't know where your uh maternal grandparents were from. 289: My Ma Annie- my great grandmother was Key West but any of the others. They ca- All I know is they all came from England, to the Bahamas, and then- Interviewer: Now this is the one from your mom's side? 289: No, her side I don't know, I don't know nothing about them. Now the ones she calls her grandparents, that, you know, she referred to uh, were from here. But see they wouldn't be her real- Interviewer: #1 Oh they were the adopted- oh. # 289: #2 The adopted- grandparents. # Interviewer: Oh I see. 289: Because the adopted ones are Spanish- No Italian, Spanish Italians. Interviewer: Are there very many factions, uh national factions, what- what factions do find in the {X}? 289: Uh, Spanish. Cuban. {NS: Radio} Yeah some Ital- Italian. {NS: Radio} I guess a little bit of about everything- there's some Indians here. {NS} There's some British a come over. You know, that's moved here. There's one my girlfriend's, she was from England. She met a service man now she goes here, she's from England. There's some French here. Interviewer: Are there any Haitians? You know from Haiti? 289: Yeah. I think we got a little bit of about everything. Interviewer: {X} How large is the, Do you know how large the population of the city is? You know, approximately. 289: I guess around twenty thousand. Interviewer: #1 So- so it's- # 289: #2 Maybe more maybe- # Interviewer: Yeah with the navy. 289: With the Navy in and out you can never, Keep real count- I say around twenty thousand. {X} Interviewer: Is that counting the Navy? 289: They- I always give a figure so I would say it would have to include the Navy because I know one time it was up to about thirty thousand, thirty five thousand. Interviewer: Hmm 289: Then we have a lot of- Winter residents That- They don't want to stay up north, for the winter so they buy their houses here. Because uh, two houses down from us we have a man that um- A family bought it, and they kept it for their winter house, and then her husband died so she's resold it to another guy from Washington D.C. So they- they come down here and they like it, uh because everything is never today, tomorrow we can do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah. 289: And there's no, no rush. So. Interviewer: I've encountered it. {NW: Laugh} 289: We're not going to get anything to far, that's- you know that's one thing I've come to hate here? Interviewer: What, the uh. 289: "Never today, always tomorrow." If you need something that's broken down, "Well I can't get to it today but maybe tomorrow I can be there" {NS} Interviewer: {X} Because um- Everybody always looks like they're doing something, but they always look like they're doing something slowly. {NW: Laugh} 289: Yeah, no rush, and that's what gets me mad cuz If something goes wrong, I want to know- Like a lot of times, okay, something will happen, my sister's in Orlando going to school. Okay she'll phone, and tell my mother something that's happened Well, it's n- it's always on the night that I work until nine o'clock. So by time I get home at nine o'clock, and I take my bath, I walk my dog first and take my bath, and while I'm getting in bed to relax and go to sleep, my mama says, "well this and this happened." And that gets me madder than anything because, why couldn't she phone me earlier, And tell me then that way I could worked out all my madness at work before I got home. Or something will go wrong with- The car. {NS} So she waits until it's too late, everything's closed up so I can do something about it. Interviewer: Mm. 289: Where she as she phoned me earlier I could be phoning people and finding out what, you know, has to be done. Interviewer: Right. 289: I hate it. {NS} Interviewer: Well- You know that's uh- D- well, uh- You don't hate it enough to leave the Island though. 289: If I found- let's put it this way, if I could pay off my bills, and find another job that pays me as good as this one or better, you want to see how fast I'll go? Interviewer: Yea, well uh- do you um. Uh you've been here- you've been here all your life right? 289: Right Interviewer: I mean uh- 289: Except for six months when I lived in Miami. Interviewer: That was just a visit or what? 289: No I had a job up there working for Howard Johnson's- restaurants I was an assistant manager. And I got homesick so I asked for a transfer back to Key West because that had been my first time away. And they gave it to me, um and then when I came back to Key West- mind and in your own home town, you never saw so many backstabbers at that place of business. Interviewer: Oh. {NS} 289: So we departed company. Interviewer: The uh, well the reason I ask that is uh. Um. Uh, I was just curious about uh, you know how much- the tie is you {X} 289: Well I- I get homesick for my parents, From- from- I- cuz I was real- I was close to my grand- to my father. Okay, now that he's passed away it's just my mother and myself, And we're living in our home, and my brother's here. But Oh if I had If I had to move away, if I got a good job, or got mar- and could move away, and whenever I got homesick all I'd have to do is pick up the phone, talk to my mother and hear the complaints, then I'm not homesick anymore Interviewer: Right, mm. Just the sound. 289: Yeah, that'll take care of it. Interviewer: Right, um- Now- uh let me see now, you- you said that you were a uh, uh that the family's been here for, I guess, about four generations. The um- Do you know the educational levels of uh, like your grandparents? 289: No I don't. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 289: #2 See they- # My great grandmother died, I guess when I was around four, so I don't even remember much about here except we call her "Ma Annie." Interviewer: Mm. 289: And I know she insisted when my mother was pregnant carrying my brother, that it was- it was going to be a boy, and it had to be called "Billy Boy." So since my father's name was "William," they just named him {B} the sec- Junior, and we called him "Billy Boy." {NS: Clank} But now it's straight "Billy." You call him "Billy Boy" and you'll get socked. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: But- And other than that, My grandmother I don't know. {NS: Mic moving} {C: Mic moved away, audio harder to hear} We never talked about it. {NS: Mic moving} I have no way of knowing. Interviewer: The uh. Uh- and do you know what the uh, {NS: Mic moving} Occupation was for your uh, grandparents? 289: No. Interviewer: {NS} {C: Mic moving back} 289: Because you see my-{NS: mic} I- My- Father's father I don't know what he did because he died when my father was around six or seven. And he got- to go to school until he was around twelve, I guess, ten or twelve, then he had to quit. And I've never heard my um, father talk about him because I don't think my father knew him, you know, even though he lived to be, you know, he's was around eight or nine. I don't know if he knew that- remember that much about him. And my grandmother never talked that much about him. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: I found, uh, something- the same thing with uh, with the- with the Sawyer family, uh. Like, you know, he wasn't real very- very close at all with his parents #1 uh, except for his mother # 289: #2 No # Interviewer: And uh, it seems like, you know that- the children get closely attached to the mother and the father is either like, uh, working in the ocean or, you know, whatever. 289: Well I guess he more or less did that. I know- in the house we live in belonged, to, Ma Annie's family. I think her last name was "Adams." That whole block, way back when they first came over from the Bahamas, belonged to us. And as things went along and things got tougher we had to keep selling it. Now the houses two doors before you get to us used to be Ma Annie's house, and during the- depression or whatever, they sold that house for three thousand dollars. Think it was thirty-five hundred, something like that. And anyway, they just resold a house about five months ago for thirty-five thousand. So I was close- now I was close to my grandmother. Out of the grandchildren I was closest to my grandmother. But I never heard her talk that much about anything. Interviewer: Yeah I was just wondering if the family- do the families tend to be very close here or do they have a tendency to be more independent, or? 289: Well I- I would say uh, in my family we're close because, uh, my grandmother, my father's mother was my father's, second wife. Now his first children live in Miami. You know, my aunt, when she got into her teens and then they moved to {X} Florida {D: North of Miami} Beach. Alright now with them we're close, because uh between my father and my Aunt, they got along as sister and brother, better than what she got along with her real brother. Interviewer: {NW} 289: So it's close there. Interviewer: {X} You said your father's mother was your, what was that again? 289: My father's mother was my father's, father's, Interviewer: Okay. 289: second wife. Interviewer: Okay because you said your father's mother was your father's second wife. {NW} That could cause a little trouble. {NW: Laugh} 289: Let {D: Them/Him} figure that one out Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: No, she- my grandmother was his second wife and he had two other kids and they lived in- they live in Miami well- my aunt just passed away in February. {NS: Radio} So But we're close because, in my aunt's will she left her home, as a homestead, that any member of her family, meaning us in Key West, you know, my father, me, my mother, it's automatically stated in her will that, any time we want to come to Miami, and stay there at that house, we are more than welcome to be there- we have the right to be in the house too. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: And like, if I had to get another job in Miami, I have the right to live in the house if I want to live, Interviewer: Hmm. 289: as long as I contribute to the household, bills. Interviewer: Oh is it uh, is- oh who lives there now? 289: Well it's her youngest daughter, she's been divorced about- I guess around, twelve years. I mean- uh- he was- He died several years back, but she lives there now. Now if she had to go remarry well then the sisters can say, "We want to sell the house," but it can't be sold because of- I think- because of the- um- homestead, the way it was set up in the will. Because she left- She didn't leave a fortune but she left enough money to keep up the household, you know, keep up the repairs to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: And now her, brother is living there so he's, having to pay, you know to help keep it up too. Interviewer: Hmm. Okay. Uh, are you married? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. And um. {NS: Radio} Okay what I like to do here is now- now the old house, the house that's been- that you said that uh, that was in the- that your father's- the one that's pegged. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Did you- did you live in that one? 289: I was born in that one. Interviewer: Okay and, and is that still in the family? 289: Still there Interviewer: Is that the one you're living in now? 289: Right. Interviewer: Okay. Um. I- I'm going to try to get- is it two story or one? 289: It's a story and a half. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Not quite- Interviewer: Do you have an- is there a local name for that type of story and a half thing? 289: No, no not that I know, they just call it a story and a half cuz it's not, you know. Interviewer: Is it like, when you say a story and a half you're talking about the upstairs that slope it's like a- 289: It kind- the walls on the side are maybe is about four feet- four feet up, then it slants a little bit more up, then it's this way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: You know, it's- like a flat roof, then slants, then slants, then side. So Whereas Interviewer: #1 So looking at- # 289: #2 Uh, you put your bed # to the w- to the wall, you know, to the sides because if you had to put it up against the wall, you know, the main section of it, when you get up the one that was on the other- the right side would bop their head. Interviewer: Okay so it's got the- the ceiling is the roof pitch 289: The- {X} On the outside it looks like a straight, regular house. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Okay you go four feet up no the side the walls, and then it slants for about six feet, and then it's flat across the top. Interviewer: Okay. And- This is on the inside. 289: Yeah it's on the inside. But it's a regular- what, triangle roof? Interviewer: Yeah. Just looks like a regular house on the outside but it's a little bit shorter than a two story. 289: It's not- the only thing is it's not quite as t- you know, high up in the ceiling- a person I would say over six feet, two, might bump there head. Whereas the downstairs ceiling's about eight feet up. Seven or eight feet up. Interviewer: So. Okay. And uh- alright- uh- is it like square- would it be rectangular- and uh- and looking at it from the top like a floor plan? #1 Lets look at the, first floor for a second. # 289: #2 It's- not- the first floor of- okay, it's long. # It's not very. Interviewer: So I'm going to try and draw a- 289: Okay it's around twenty-two feet wide. Interviewer: Okay. {NS: silent} Alright, let's- let's say that- {X}- that would be- it's right down here, right? 289: In right in {D: Flemming} yeah, it's eleven {D: Ten/Tenths}. Interviewer: Okay. So uh, lets say this is the {D: Flemming} out here, okay, what would be the first thing you see? 289: S- Well, as soon as you come- okay wait a minute, facing into it- okay. On the right side of it's a front door. And there's a small little porch area because the rest of the porch we took in as a Florida room. You know, made it all one bigger room. Interviewer: So it's got uh, so you didn't have a- 289: It's a front door, on the right side. Interviewer: {X} did the porch go all the way across the front one time? 289: Yes it used to. Interviewer: Okay, but then there's, like, that much is screened in now? 289: It's all- w- with glass windows, big glass windows. Interviewer: And you call that what? 289: It's probably the porch or the Florida room, added into the living room. Interviewer: Okay. And then y- you had the front door {X} 289: Okay, soon as you go in the front door, there's a hallway. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Okay you step in the- okay you step in the front door, to your left there's a door that goes into the front room. Interviewer: Okay. 289: And- further, you know, what the porch areas, where we took- you know, cut out the wall for that- area make it bigger. Okay. Now facing since you go in the steps leading upstairs. Interviewer: Right here? 289: Right, but not all the way across, just halfway across because we have a hallway. Interviewer: Okay. 289: On the opposite side. Interviewer: Oh Okay. {NS: Radio} How long does the hall go? 289: Now that's my {X} okay you put a- Now draw a line right here. Interviewer: Right here? 289: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Out this way? 289: Yeah okay now stop and come- leave a door space and come all the way over Interviewer: To the wall? 289: Okay yeah, right. Now this and this is all the big- the front room. This is where we cut out the wall to make the Florida room into it's all one big room. Interviewer: So this is the front room? 289: Right. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: You ever call it anything else? 289: No, that's the front room. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Here's the kitchen. Interviewer: #1 Right here behind the? # 289: #2 Uh-huh now this wall we cut out # to make a bar. Interviewer: #1 So there's a bar right here? # 289: #2 Uh-huh # A serving big bar, it's full length, just enough room for the door- frame. {NS: Radio} Okay, now let's see. Draw a- okay all this- now draw a line across here. #1 Okay- yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Is that the wall going?- # 289: No, there's no wall, that's all open to the kitchen. Okay now- dr- start right here, and draw a line this way. Okay, all this area would be the kitchen. Interviewer: All kitchen. Okay. 289: Okay now- we got- three windows along the hallway, Interviewer: Yeah? 289: one window in the front room on the side, and two windows in the kitchen. Okay, cross the front, in the Florida room there's uh, four big windows and two windows on the side, in that Florida section. Interviewer: Is that the type that you uh, crank out? 289: Crank it out. Interviewer: What are those types that uh, they're starting to come back- the old ones with uh, the wooden frames the come uh- 289: Wooden Slats? Interviewer: Yeah what are they called? {NS: Hit something} 289: Jalousies. Interviewer: Are those jalousies? Were those- uh the glass ones are called Jalousies too. 289: They're all called jalousies but it's all according to- You can get the metal- jalousie, you can get the glass, and you can get the wood. Interviewer: Ah. 289: If I had my way, I'd either get the uh Glass- I mean not the glass- the metal, because when a hurricane comes, just roll 'em to, that's it forget it Interviewer: Yeah. 289: As it is now with us, we board up. Interviewer: You board up? When was the last big hurricane you had here? That you can- that you thought was bad enough to worry about. 289: Well whenever it gets too close to us we automatically board up. And, that was when I was a little- shoo- I was around maybe seventeen or eighteen or nineteen, somewhere in there. And it wasn't even bad we were supposed to get it, we didn't get it, Marathon got it. #1 And the only thing that made- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: made it bad was my mother and father was on a vacation, going up to uh, New York and Boston, and that left me in the house. So my brother had to shut up his house, which he could do cuz he had the {D: jalous-} you know the- the aluminum panels to put in. My house you get slats, wide boards, and you nail up the windows. Well I was climbing up and down ladders nailing up, the windows to get as many done as I could get before my brother, got there to help finish boarding up, and the next day I couldn't move from going up and down that ladder. Interviewer: That was, that must have been about Sixty-one 289: Yeah, it's been way back Interviewer: So that'd be Donna? {NS: Radio} 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Was that Hurricane Donna? 289: I think so that- I don't even keep track of them really. When they go to come, when we board up, I figure well that's all that I can do. We see that we have food in the house that we can eat. And um. We generally keep our electricity for a long time unless one of the trees close by falls over. And, you know, knocks a power line. But as a rule, once we get board up, we cook something or fix something there that'll keep, without refrigeration, should we lose electricity, uh, that's it. I go upstairs, and I turn on my air conditioner, watch T.V. until power lines, cable vision from Miami, or put on my stereo and to- go to sleep. Interviewer: Mm. 289: Forget about. Interviewer: Did your parents ever give you any kind of instructions for uh, hurricanes? 289: Just to board up and um make sure everything that was in the yard was, you know, anchored down. And when we had a boat {NW} what was so funny was, we'd bring the boat home on a trailer, we'd take and slide the boat- sometimes, we'd slide the boat off the trailer, and on the handles in the back, you know how they put- so you could tie the ropes onto the boat in the back? We'd tie it to an avocado tree. So in case should we get high waters and it floods, we could go out and get in the boat and sail off somewhere, you know. But the funny part of it is, my street, is part of the high area of Key West. So I think they said the storm in Thirty-five, we got water up to the top step of our house, and that was as far as it went. And our house is maybe about- well, I guess about two- three feet up- you know, off the ground anyway. So I could see us if it got that deep to go out and get in the boat and go sailing somewhere. Interviewer: Might be standing around looking for {X}{NW}. 289: But that was it, bring in the trash cans fill the tub with water, Jimmy would go out- Everybody goes out and buys a new garbage can, and fills it with water- Interviewer: Yeah. 289: in case we had to- you know The water line busted the last time, and they had a real bad one. {NS: Radio} And we buy candles, or Kerosene, lamps, and that's about it. There's nothing else you can do once you get board up and you know you have your food and water, forget about it. Interviewer: Do they ever call uh, you said Kerosene lamps, they ever call Kerosene anything else around here? You ever hear that, people calling? 289: I don't know if they call it, we call it mineral spirits. Can you call it turpentine, kerosene, too? Interviewer: #1 I don't know. # 289: #2 I don't think so. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 289: #2 Well we go to the {D: Shell} station and say, "we want kerosene," # so they know what to give us. Interviewer: Yeah, uh, that's all you ever call it. Okay, now back to the house. {NW} 289: Okay, you come through this door. Here, okay you draw a line about right here. {NS: Radio} {X} and you got to leave a doorway, this is the bathroom. Interviewer: Okay so the bathroom here. Was that added on or was that? 289: That was- I think that was added on because I remember I was- when I was little, having an outhouse. Interviewer: #1 What- now what- we were talking about the other day- # 289: #2 Okay. # The old people call it, I think- they- a "privy?" but we call it a outhouse. The Navy calls it "john" or "heads." That's it. Interviewer: Is that the one's you remember? 289: I remember out- I remember calling it an outhouse. Or go to the toilet- it was out in the back yard. Okay, this is just the empty room where, we put anything really. Interviewer: What do you call- do you have a name for it {X}? 289: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Go to the- 289: It's the room off the bedroom or the room off the bathroom. Now right through here you- draw a- a little door space in here. And then you add on a big bedroom right here, now that's been added onto the house. Interviewer: All the way- about that much? 289: Yes. It's over fourteen feet long. I mean fourteen feet out and twenty- so high Interviewer: Okay. 289: And, uh, you have a doorway right here. {NS: Radio} That's goes out to the back yard. Interviewer: Okay. 289: And in the back we have a little garage. Interviewer: Alright. 289: {X} Interviewer: Alright, and then, the upstairs is as big as this? 289: No, the upstairs when I first measured it measures twenty, by twenty-four. Interviewer: Now does it have a, porch or uh? 289: No it does not have- it has a the- the roof, but I mean, w- you can't go out on to it, you know, over the porch. Interviewer: #1 So- # 289: #2 So it would {D: Start} back of the porch line. # Interviewer: #1 Okay I'm going to start it here then. # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: And then it- how- would it run to this? 289: It would run as far as this, the kitchen, into the kitchen. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Alright, and it'd be about, would- would it be narrower? {X} 289: Uh. Well, let's see The widest part of it is twenty-four f- no. The widest part of it is twenty feet, wide. And it's twenty four feet long. Okay. Interviewer: So it's as big as the square of this area here? 289: Well no not quite, let me show you. Interviewer: #1 Because the- # 289: #2 Okay. # {NS: Radio} In here, is where the steps comes up Interviewer: Okay. 289: Like that. And then this area over here would be the opening, over the hallway, you know, where we keep stored things. Interviewer: Right. 289: Okay when my father made it- My brother got married- when he was around nineteen, so it was just my sister and I so he made it two bedrooms, upstairs, okay. He figured he'd keep me around the house longer, so. My room is the larger, and it's like, that. Now, this empty space that was open over in here is now a walk-in, locker. {NS: Radio} And right here is one, window. {X} Okay, and this is my sister's doorway and this is the doorway coming up the steps. Now over here in her section she has a smaller locker. And this is her bedroom, with one window. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Okay. {NS: Chair creaking} That's about the size of- 289: It's around twenty by twenty-four feet. You know, if you- if you took out the lockers, closed up. Interviewer: Okay, and now this is just a spare room. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Or just a- 289: It's a junk collector. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 289: #2 That's what it is. # {NS: Radio} Things we decided we want to get rid of make it as far as that room and then it's another six months before they get out the rest of the way. Interviewer: You got a lot of space for a house in Key West. 289: Mm-hmm. Well we had a long back yard- I mean a nice sized back yard. Interviewer: Oh. {D: Well you got that-} 289: See our property isn't- is so wide, but it's so long because our property goes from Flemming street, To Cur- Curry's lane. So it extends all the way back. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Okay Uh, you ever hear um. Anybody call lockers anything else? 289: Closets. Interviewer: And uh, yeah. Did uh, um, now what kind of- what kind of things would you find uh- what kind of things do you have in this room? 289: Okay, there's uh- uh- Three piece, bamboo couch thing you put together, you know make it like a, small couch. My- I have a piano that's up against this wall here, and there's a mural with fruit over it. In the front room there are two, big, bamboo chairs. There's an aquarium with guppies in it, in the left corner. There's a TV set underneath the bar and there's two chairs up against- we have a big mural. You know that old, mural, up against the wall, opposite- you know- the opposite- the other wall. Okay that's it {X} and we had two rugs on the floor. Interviewer: Now the uh, couch, did you- now if it wasn't uh- 289: If it wasn't put together it'd be three separate chairs. Interviewer: Alright but it- alright. What do you call one that's just all one piece, would you still call it uh- 289: Couch. Interviewer: Okay you remember- {D: can you} call it anything else? 289: What is it Divan- Dev- Divan sofas? Interviewer: Okay. #1 Alright now uh- # 289: #2 Sectionals? # Interviewer: Yeah. That's what, now- you said it's bamboo is that uh. I think it's- 289: It's bamboo Interviewer: Yeah Is there a name for that type? 289: I can' think of it, not that we call it- we just call it bamboo because it's made from bamboo. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Yeah, it's kind of a, tropical. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Look- yeah I think- yeah my folks had some of that. We called it um, uh, Rotan 289: Oh yeah. {X} If you want to be ritsy-titsy you know other people will call it Rotan furniture, but if you go in Florida- in Southern Florida and say you want some bamboo furniture they know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Okay, well see this was way up um, mid-state and uh, I guess- it wasn't that common up there. 289: Well they- they have different words I mean- About as far as I go to mid-state is to Tampa and I haven't been to Tampa since nineteen seventy. Interviewer: Oh. {NS: Radio} 289: I don't particularly care for Tampa too much I mean I have relatives up there and we're friends and, when they come here they stay with us, when we go there we stay with them. But- Interviewer: Is there very much of a connection between Key West and other Florida cities, I mean, you know like, you know what I mean like, because of the fleets or uh or anything do- you know, do you find a lot of people from other cities here uh, predominantly, or do people from here end up in other cities a lot? 289: I think, if they're native Key Westers, They say they may go away from the rock for a little while, but they'll always come back to the rock. {X} But um. {NS: Radio} About the only ones who go away and stay away are the ones who marry servicemen. And more or less they've- they've got less chance of coming back, but you'll see them back here on vacations a lot. And you'd be surprised the number of officers, that after they get finished with Their Navy, the Army, whatever, come back here to retire. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: Because we have a Colonel- I forgot- I think I don't know what branch of service he was in, and my father did- worked for his remodeling his house and everything, and he's retired here. Interviewer: What was his name? 289: {D: Bernett}, Colonel {D: Bernett} And then Captain Eklan I don't know what- I think he was in the Navy- I think his son's in the Navy so I think maybe he was in the Navy too, and he's retired here and he's teaching the school, I don't know if he's still doing it. There's a lot of servicemen. What gets me is they come here, they hate Key West. Can't stand it, they can't wait to get away from it. And then, in later years they come back, and they'll retire here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: And when they- what gets me with the lot of them too is when they- when I used to work for the dry cleaners, they'd come in, you know, complain about they hate it and all like this, I say, "Well look, this is about the only place you can go- {D: Well let's put it this way} You're here, you can be with your husband. Whereas, if you went to some other fueling station somewhere else they w- you might not be able to go, So at least, while you here, find things about it that you like and enjoy it, because when you go somewhere else you might not be able to. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Because let's put it this way if you don't mind a little bit of cold water you can go swimming three hundred and sixty-five days a year. Interviewer: How cold's the water here then {D: about the worst} 289: It can get hot, and I know up into the eighties. Interviewer: It was- It was fairly- And I went out yesterday and I got a little burnt on my back {X} finally got out a little {D: Scuba diving} yesterday and uh Um. It was- I think it was about eighty-eight or something- very warm. #1 In towards shore, I had to get out {D: a little way} # 289: #2 Yeah, it gets cooler. # I mean- {D: Let's put it this way} When I was little I- when I was in my teens, I went- ah to one of the hotels and I was swimming. And for fifty cents, you could spend the whole day there and you could go swimming in the pool, or you could walk out to the back of the hotel and go swimming in the ocean. So I think I got enough of- swimming when I was in my teens because, I excite with ear infections, and I got Fungus in my ears, and the doctor said, "Well you might out grow it." I haven't outgrown it. So I can't really get any type of water in my ears. Interviewer: Mm. 289: So I really, don't enjoy the swimming that much anymore. Interviewer: I- didn't know you get fungus like that in salt water. 289: You can get- well you can get fungus from salt water- you can get fungus from anything. You can get it from taking a shower and using shampoo or soap, as far as I know of you can get it. Interviewer: Oh. 289: Because I know when I wash my hair- Interviewer: Oh it's just a matter of getting the water out of your ear {X}. 289: -water in your ear and then it- Because I know, when I wash my hair I have to be careful that I don't get the water in my ear. Or if I do, if I think I've gotten too much, then take some uh cotton, and a little bit of alcohol and drop it into your ears and that way it'll kill the uh, any bad bacteria that might have gotten in. Interviewer: {D: I was saying-} The reason why I said that was because uh, um, mid-state, there was a certain time of year where we couldn't go swimming because that was when there was a high fungus count in the water, or a bacteria count of a certain type, that was bad- er it caused a lot of ear infections. 289: No I don't know about that I know we have they call "Spring tide" and if you're an old conch you don't go swimming in what they call "spring tide," because I did it one time when I was little, and we'd wind up with big uh, blotches all over our skin like lumps. #1 And um # Interviewer: #2 from what? {X} # 289: From the water, salt water. Interviewer: #1 Oh it's just the water? # 289: #2 It's a seaweed, I guess, and the irritation and the being in close, and it- not being able to get out # Interviewer: It wasn't like Jelly fish or anything? 289: No it wasn't Jellyfish. And uh, the doctor told my mother just uh- my brother and I both had it. So she propped us both up in the bed and kept a fan blowing on us and put calamine lotion on us, and then if we go too itchy, we took a cold bath. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: But we don't go swimming during the spring tide. Interviewer: {X} No native would here. Or anyone that knew about it. {NW: Laugh} 289: Not- this- Not anyone knows about it- no one in my family would. Interviewer: Yeah. I don't know if I asked this or not- uh- when was this house built? {NS: Radio} Or how old is it, do you know? 289: I would say- let's put it this way- My grandmother would have been eighty- in her eighties if she had lived, and the house was built before her, So I would put it, I guess, least around ninety years or more. Ninety- A little over ninety I guess. Interviewer: Okay, I'll put ninety plus. {NS: Radio} Would you call that a "Conch House?" 289: Yes. It was a Conch House. Interviewer: And it was because of the four by fours and the- and the- 289: Well, a lot of the wood came from the Baham- from there so the Bahamas, and they used uh, mahogany wood, and that's the last thing the termites are going to get into. Interviewer: Was- now was the mahogany- from here? 289: It came in. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 289: #2 I think, that's the way I always heard they- # See, a lot of houses was built in the Bahamas, and they were brought over by ships in- in sections Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: You know, they was all cut out, Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 289: #2 So that when you got here, all you had to do was put it down and start, putting it together. # There's a house I think on- right down here on William's street on the corner, it's a big white house, that one was done that way. It was made in sections and then brought here. Now I don't know about ours. {NS: Shuffling, Radio} Interviewer: Okay, the reason- well the reason why I ask that is because uh- uh- I don't know if it's one of the people interviewed from the interview- or the- the uh survey or not, or whether it's someone else I can't remember right now, it might have been uh, uh, {D:Mrs. Bruce} Mrs. Bruce that um- uh- said that uh- originally there was a lot of- uh hardwood trees here, and that some of them might have been mahogany. #1 You know because there's a lot of {D: Honduras palm}, yeah. # 289: #2 Yeah. # Well I know- I know, in our house, there's a lot uh- in the old section there's a lot of mahogany. Interviewer: So you got mahogany {D: pieces}? 289: So there's- that's why- When we went to cut out the section of the old house to go into the porch, or the Florida room, there my father would use electric saw and would be spitting out fire and that wood is- was as hard as a rock to try to cut through. {NS: Radio} Well, because that's why- Interviewer: I'd like to find someone that's uh, doing some remodeling {D: and might} throw away a piece of mahogany. {NW: Laugh} 289: Yeah that's- that's good why because I know when was doing ours and that's been- {NS: Radio} In the sixties, I say when we did ours, it was spitting out fire. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: Trying to cut it and my father- some places my father worked over an hour, using electric saws to try to cut it. And what gets to me is you know, in those days, I guess they figured well four-by-four is just as good as a two-by-four, but nowadays they try to, two-by-four is cheaper, than the four-by-four. Interviewer: #1 Now those things were built with like big, huge frames, where like a box frame and then they filled in between them? # 289: #2 Yeah. # Ours was- from what I could see of where we ripped it open, you know it had the big beams going up in the end, but it had a lot of beams coming down this way, In like an angle, and then, knocked in. #1 Because- # Interviewer: #2 And they were all four-by-fours? # {NW} 289: The ones that I've seen where we've cut out are four-by-fours. Interviewer: Hmm. {NW} were there any bigger ones like on the corners? {NS: Radio} 289: Well see haven't cut into the corners of our house, you know, to cut out. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: The only place where we cut out was, we cut out a section going into the- porch. We cut out the section going from the kitchen into the front room because our kitchen used to be a bed room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: And then we cut out a section in here. you know, because that used the be a petition, or you know, just a doorway in that one space. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And that's it- I mean uh. {NS: Radio} My- thought my father cut- this used to be a window I think. My father cut that in the door, because these two rooms were added on. Now when I was little, my father- this side over here, the back bedroom, used to be the kitchen. And the other side he made into a bedroom for me. But he made it and I didn't like it because he didn't do it the way I wanted it. Interviewer: Mm. 289: So I didn't uh, sleep there, I went to sleep upstairs with my grandmother. Interviewer: Oh, {X} 289: You know, and he promised me- this was use to just be a big open room, he promised me that if I did go upstairs and sleep upstairs, he would fix the upstairs. Okay. The back got to the point when I got mad because he- he always did work for other people so he didn't want to come home and do carpenter work for ours so Mama got mad at him one time and busted out the windows to make him do the work that much faster, you know? Interviewer: Oh. 289: So we finally moved, the kitchen into the other room, where's a kitchen now And in this back- mind this was added on, this would have gotten so rotten and decayed, that it was cheaper to knock it all off, and rebuild it. {NS: Radio} So this section here has been added on twice to this main section of the house whereas this section, not too much has ever been done to it. Interviewer: #1 The mahogany stays there forever. # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {NS: Radio} Wow The uh Yeah, I didn't know they were made out of mahogany that's- What kind of a- um- you know, what- Does your- the outside of the house, does it have that kind of- #1 Overlay- what do they call it, you know? # 289: #2 Overlay wood, yeah. # I don't know, wa- um. Wall board? No not wall board. {NS: Tapping} I can't think of the name. Because I know the back bedroom now is done um- not overlaid wood. {NS} What in the heck you call it? {NS: Radio} #1 I can't think of it. # Interviewer: #2 Is that what they originally used? # 289: Yeah. #1 The overlay, you know? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: Like that- now the back section where we added on uh- it's got like, plywood like thick plywood with the grooves like you would see like in wall paneling. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: That's- can put them to the back now. You have that in the back section. Weather boarding. Interviewer: Oh okay. 289: I knew I thought of it long enough. Interviewer: #1 Oh what- thats what- that's what- that was the traditional- # 289: #2 That's what they call it the weather- that's what we call it, "weather boarding." # Interviewer: Okay, and um- Better make sure I mark the doors and the windows. 289: Okay the back bedroom has two- big long windows, each windows uh- Interviewer: Like here? 289: Mm-hmm. It's seven feet long. Okay and on this side we have a whole lock up, the whole length of it Interviewer: On that side? 289: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Do most the people around here um- call these lockers, or? 289: Lockers, Closets. Interviewer: Like if you were in somebody else's house you'd expect them to say "locker?" 289: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Okay- # 289: #2 Or a closet. # Interviewer: #1 What- # 289: #2 Because I call mine- # I call mine a walk-in closet. Interviewer: Can you have uh, um. Like if it's- if it's like a uh- a thing down {D: Hill/Here} with a- with a lid, like under a window like a window seat. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you call that a locker too? {NS: Radio} 289: Well if I put things in there to store it, I call it a locker. Interviewer: Like a f- um- 289: I don't think they have window seats in Key West. Interviewer: Oh. 289: At least in none of the houses I've been in. Now in the movies you see them, you know. So. That's what they call them in the movie, "window seat." Interviewer: I just wonder if they might call them "foot locker" or something. 289: #1 No, to us a foot locker # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: is what you put at the end of your bed. Interviewer: Okay, cuz it could- it could just be a- something that you pick up and walk around with, you mean? 289: Well to me a foot locker is something like a- like a big metal suitcase, you know, like- I think they call them uh, "wardrobes." You know, when you, pack- it stands up quite big, and it has the shelves and it have the drawers and you hang your suits over for traveling like overseas, something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: To me- or a foot locker is the guys that um, Navy, you know they pack their clothes in it. Interviewer: right 289: And they have that duffel bags in the foot- lockers. Interviewer: Okay. I was just wondering about the term locker cuz it seems that- #1 go with the {D: Seed}. # 289: #2 No- well I call mine upstairs a "walk-in closet" because you have to walk into it. # {NS: Radio} The others you just, reach in, and get Interviewer: Okay. The uh- okay, we- now we talked about the things- and uh- oh what do you call all the things together that are in this room? 289: Just the living room. Interviewer: #1 I mean all- # 289: #2 I mean the din- yeah the living room. # Everything is just the living room. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- what are all the things like the you said the- the section on the T.V. and the- #1 The chairs and all- # 289: #2 The furniture? # Interviewer: Okay. And what would you expect to f- what kind of furniture would you expect to find in here? 289: Okay, along this wall like this and across this way it's ca- it's uh, it's all in cabinets. it's uh- over this window here, underneath this window rather, there's a double, {NS: Moving} -sink, kitchen sink. Then right over is the electric stove. Then right over here we have the table. Over here in this corner is our refrigerator, Icebox. Okay, over here we have one of those metal lockers, you know, for plates and things because, believe it or not with all that locker space we still wouldn't have enough room And up against the wall here we have a long dresser. Interviewer: A dresser? Did you ever uh- {X} The- Then on that dresser is that the type of thing you'd find in a bedroom? 289: #1 Bedroom, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. 289: We just didn't have any room to put it in the bedroom so it's there. Interviewer: Okay. So what kind of furniture would you find in here then? 289: {NW: Laugh} {NW: Laugh} In our back bedroom, there is a queen size bed and a double bed. There is my color T.V. set that I brought from downstairs. And there. And there's big rack about six feet tall and uh- has spaces on each side of it that you would you buy- find at a news stand where they sell pocket books, you know? Novels? My mother's got one of those at home because she reads a book every night. So she's got one of those there. Okay next to my side of the bed there's a little- table. And on her side there's a little table. Then we have two boxes, and they're Pamper boxes, Pampers came into them. They have my nephew's toys in them, in the bedroom. Because it's so hot, you know, the only rooms that have an air conditioner in it is the back bedroom and the two bedrooms upstairs. Okay, because the condition of the house next door and the city is sitting on their tail-ends, not doing, too much about it, We can't really stay in the other part of our house because one, the odors that come, in, from that house next door was- it's been condemned. Interviewer: Oh. 289: It smells like, you wouldn't want to believe it and I won't say it for that tape either, and also we- never keep the house closed up. So when we come home we just go in the back bedroom, turn on the T.V. and the air- the air conditioner. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and then you said you had a dresser, uh- Did you ever- uh- See any furniture that like, you know like that would- it would be like uh- it would be like a- it have- it'd have drawers like a dresser or maybe it'd have a locker on one side of it attached? 289: {X} I've seen but- it's- Cupboards. Interviewer: Cupboards? 289: {X} Thinking of my Grand- my um- when I was little we had one, a cupboard. Interviewer: #1 And the- # 289: #2 Upstairs, we didn't have any closets upstairs you know, # It's just open, you know, the bed up there. And we had, um, one that had two drawers, the regular way, crosswise and then one little locker door that open up on the bottom, and- it was a wash down really what it was because it had big glass, on top of it. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And my grandmother used to have- you remember any of those old Felix cats? A s- one? She had one of those. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: But I don't know where it's at now. Interviewer: And uh- what the porcelain uh? 289: I don't know if it was porcelain or made out of wood or what it was, but I remember it was Felix, you know, sitting up there. But I don't know what ever became of it. Someone's got it. And she had uh- Her closet, you know one of those kinds you can move around, and it opened up with the two drawers. Interviewer: Yeah, did- did uh. Now- did- what would you call that closet, that movable closet? 289: I don't know what you'd call that thing. To me it was a closet. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Because I remember she broke her leg one time, her knee cap, and she- you know, when they took the- cast off they gave it to her, of all things the doctor to give you they give you the cast. and she put it on top of it. And she used to keep a metal can on top of it. but it was locked up so I didn't know what was in it, but we still got the metal can, that's how old the thing is. She had one of those up there. And we used to have some um, rod iron beds. Interviewer: Rod iron? Does- would they hold up pretty good with the {D: salt here} and everything? 289: Yeah. Because I had one until I was about, twelve- years old. I had one. Then finally you know, we said, "To heck with this old junk," and got rid of it, you know, And then all of the- tourists come down here and buy it up like you wouldn't believe it. Because what we'd do is um, with us, every year around September, October, we start paint the house up getting ready for Christmas. So when we paint the bedroom we just take the bed apart and slap on a- new coat of white paint on the, bed. Interviewer: Oh. 289: You know use- When I was a kid I used to chew the paint off of that bed. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: It used to taste good too. Interviewer: Oh yeah? Was this that uh teething, you mean? 289: No I must around ten or eleven years old and it just- it had a funny taste to it but it tasted good and I did it. Interviewer: Huh. 289: I stopped doing it but I did it. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} Okay. Um. Alright do you have any kind of furniture that'd be different in any of the other rooms? I mean in the other bedrooms? #1 Besides for like, a dresser or? # 289: #2 My bedroom- okay- # No, because- while my bedroom is compact. In the corner- catty-corner I have my bed. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: I'm just going to keep an eye on this if that's okay. 289: With one night stand, next to it. Okay right across from it, is my stereo set. Next to it is a nine drawer- dresser. Then it's the window, the air conditioner is in the window, underneath the window there's two big stacks, you know racks, of L-P's. Okay there's the closet. Then I had a rack with paperback novels in it, then I had my color T.V. set that I bought for my birthday. Then I had the Chester doors, and then there was a door- There's not a room extra in my room for anything else Because I figure that's the only way, you know- When you, you get in your twenties and thirties and you're living at home, that's the only place where you can go upstairs, close the door, lock it, and really have privacy. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And I can turn on my air conditioner, listen to my stereo as loud as I want to, or turn on my television set. Interviewer: Now they were telling the other day that uh. Uh. The- well, before going to that I'll ask you this. What kind of uh- what kind of uh, cooking utensils do you have in the kitchen, or that you're used to having? What you can think of- the older things. Or even now, you know. 289: About the only things we have left over from- my grandmother's time is, {NS: Moving} we got about two or three, rod iron frying pans. They're the heaviest son-of-a-guns, but they're the best things for frying food in, you know if you got to fry chicken or something like that. Because you don't have to worry, they're not going to slip to easily. And we've got- you wouldn't believe it. It's- We call it a meat pounder. But it's round on the bottom and shapes up with a handle like a hammer, but it's not you know, Done down it's just one straight thing up. And we've got that and that poor thing. I bet you they had to test that {D: what is it/wood is} about sixty years old or more. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: Because we've used it sometimes when my father would- wouldn't leave a regular hammer at home you know one of his carpenter's hammer, we'd take that thing and take a nail and bat it into the wall to hang a picture so it's got the dent marks in it from hammering. But we keep that it's a meat- we call it a "meat pounder." And then we have a rolling pin. But everybody has those. Interviewer: How about something you might have uh- did you have a little- something that you heat water in, for tea or something like that? 289: A kettle? Yeah we used to have one of those because before we had a hot water heater, we'd take the kettle, and fill it with water, and heat it, and then we'd take a big bucket, you know a tall bucket, and we'd put that on top of the stove and heat it, so when in the winter time take a hot bath. Interviewer: What about uh um- Uh something that you might put flowers- cut flowers. 289: A vase? Interviewer: Yeah what'd you have- have any of those around? 289: We have some but they're not- Oh we have a- We have a old lantern And it's one of those kind {D: A woman was after} after me to sell it to her but I won't do it. It's you know like a rod iron, I- on the bottom and then it's real bubbled up, and it's a pretty pink glass with flowers in it. Then it has a metal thing under it- When I used to have some more money when I used to have it, and then- And it would be the regular thing that you would fill with kerosene, you know, and sit into it. But the top section of it, that broke, but that thing I bet you is- {NS: Radio} It's just about- that's just about sixty years old or more. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: We used to have an old fashion, wicker, rocking chair. And- I spent one month painting that thing with white enamel paint you know- {X} Interviewer: {X} It's uh- There's nothing- I'm sure they're not going to do anything. I trust them. {NW: Laugh} I wouldn't be working for them. {X} 289: When about 1980, when this comes out, I'll forget what I've said. {NW: Laugh} Interviewer: Well I think the first time, you know, when they uh get it finish they'll probably come out in uh, micro card the first one because that's the quickest way to get it out. And uh- Then maybe later they'll publish it in a b- in a book, you micro- you know- because there's so much of it. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Well you know, they got- they got a whole wall full of- transcriptions now. Almost in- a library. But um- narrow that all down in a micro card, it'll be out. {NW: Breathing} Okay, uh- okay now, where was I, let's see. Yeah utensils. What do you eat with? 289: Fork, knife, spoon. Interviewer: Okay. And um- The uh- What uh- did uh- Did you ever know- the water supply here, was there ever a well out? 289: Well we had a, cistern. And it went dry so the county, said you know anybody wanted their old cisterns knocked in you know, they'd do it, and fill it up for you free. So uh- Ours was knocked in. Now we did, when my sister was little we had a guy come and he, dug a hole about- I don't know about, six inches across or something like that? And he put a metal pipe down. He went down about twenty feet and we got water that way. That's because we went and bought a pool that'd hold twenty-two gallons- twenty-two hundred gallons of water, you know when she was little. And all- and uh- We've got a- well now that's been covered over. Since I was a little girl with cement. And then soon as we can afford it, we're going to take and get a man to come up, open it up, clean all the veins out, and fix the pump, for the water that way. Because that water- most that water around here it's good, you could at least- you could connect it up to your um- your washing machine, your washer. You could connect it up to your bathroom, into the kitchen so that really, the only water you could use from the- you only have to use from the city is uh- for your drinking if you want to and lot of the well water is in a bad condition than what the city water is. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: You know. {X} {X} cuz they come- they come around and test it for you, you know. But I tell you too because the only water that we drink now in our house at home, is we have an ice maker and that thing makes the ice. So we're all- we're forever either drinking soda or juice or, tea. Something like that. Interviewer: The um- well I was just wondering um- did you have a well when you were a little girl? 289: We had it- but I don't remember us using it. Interviewer: You know how they used to get water out of it? How they used to- 289: A pump. Interviewer: Oh they had a pump? A hand pump? 289: Yeah, because when our cemetery lot, we have a uh- old fashioned pump. That all we had to do, right now- Our plot in the cemetery has water in it, what we have to do is go and get someone to re-drill the hole, you know, and put a pump on that works and we would have a water flow there- the cemetery. But that cemetery, very few areas of that grows anything. Have to be satisfied with the sand. Interviewer: Mm, yeah. 289: And weeds will grow up, that's about it. Interviewer: Well did- well now is there- Is anybody out in Key West ever try to have a uh- um- to grow anything like, you know, to eat? You know- 289: We did my mother- uh- did uh um- Now in the olden days they did it, they grew things, because um- {NS: Pages turning} Oh I don't know what they grew, but I mean they grew things. Like this guy on this next block, this guy has corn growing. Interviewer: oh yeah 289: And he's got papayas, growing. And a lot of people in the olden days had banana trees. we have a ri- you know, we call them um- What do they call them? "Cuban bananas." And uh, there's another name for them too but I can't think of- They're shorter than the banana that you know- Chaquita banana, they're shorter than that. And half the time excuse me they're a little bit- maybe a little bit fatter. But I can't think of the other name for them, we call them "Cuban bananas." {NS: Pages turning} Interviewer: The uh- you said he's growing corn, do you know what kind of corn he's growing? 289: I have no idea I just know that corn stalks out in the back. Interviewer: Okay, and uh- um- Do you um- Now, did you say you used to- what do you call a place where you grow- something like that? 289: Farm. Interviewer: Okay, what about if it's just behind your house? 289: A patch? Uh. Interviewer: Okay How about now {X}, like um. On a large- You said like um- on a patch, is- now a patch is- 289: It's a small little thing maybe just one- To us, we've grow- we have a um- {X} My mother made a lot of that- she dug a big deep hole and made a lot of mulch, you know? Threw in leaves from our Sapadillo tree. And um. Grass cuttings, and she threw in- peat moss and fertilizer. And she left that there for about a month and we plant- When we do plant something, we plant uh- um- tomatoes in it. She got some big tomatoes out of that one little area. Interviewer: Did you uh- now that those- those the big rounds ones? 289: Well some- Some of them are small then some of them get- you know, a nice size. Interviewer: You ever try to grow those real itty-bitty ones? 289: No. Interviewer: Do you know what they call those? 289: Pink- Pink- Pink tomatoes? {NS: Radio} Interviewer: #1 You know what I'm talking about, those {X}. # 289: #2 Yeah the little- # Thingy things that they put in salads sometimes for you. Ch- Cherry- Don't they call them "Cherry tomatoes?" Interviewer: Yeah, something like that. Um. What other kind of um- um- Well I- now- when you have- when you have a little patch in the back yard do you ever call it anything else? 289: No, some people call it a "back yard garden." Interviewer: Okay. The uh. {NS: Papers turning} Um. {NS: Papers turning} How about uh- well was there- what else did you need- yeah you have potatoes {C: I think he meant tomatoes}, did you grow anything else? 289: Uh, we've had an avocado tree. We've had a sugar apple tree. We've had banan- banana trees. And we've had sapodilla tree. My grandmother used to have a soursop- tree. That's a tropical fruit tree. Interviewer: Well did you- what kind of fruit was that? 289: Soursop? It's um. Most people here always just use it to make it into ice cream, Soursop ice cream. It looks- It's like a big avocado maybe with two big extra lumps on the side half the time. It's green. And it has- it looks like it has thorns on it, but it really- you know they're not sharp or anything. And- it can- it's a sour taste. If you just, you know, peel it- the skin off and it eat it that way and it has seeds in it If you know what a sugar apple tree is, the sections of the soursop, inside, is almost like a um- {NS: Radio} Sugar apple. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh um. Any kind of nuts grow down here? That you know of? 289: No. Not as I know of, that we've grown, that I know. Interviewer: Okay, what kind of nuts can you name? 289: Walnuts. We call acorns- nuts? Interviewer: Yeah, what else? 289: Pecans. {NS: Radio} #1 That's about the only things we ever eat. Walnuts and pecans # Interviewer: #2 What about those ones that come in candy bars? # 289: Peanuts Interviewer: Okay, and uh- How about um, the big ones. Uh the ones they put in candy bars too the bigger ones um- 289: Almonds? Interviewer: Okay. Um. The uh- now how about uh. Now these are some items here. What about a um- Along with meat you might have a baked what? 289: Potato. Interviewer: Okay, and uh have you ever heard those called anything else down here? That people down here call them? {NS} 289: Cubans have something they- I think they- I don't know what they call it though. Something- Yucca? That looks like a potato I think. {NS: Radio} I see them in Cuban- the Cuban restaurants they been white, I mean they're white. And they're shaped like a potato and they eat them but I've never tried them. But to me a potato is a potato. Interviewer: What about the potato that has the yellow meat? 289: Sweet potato? Interviewer: Okay, you ever call those anything else? 289: Some people call them "Yams," but we call them sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- um- the things that when you peel them it makes you cry? 289: Onions. Interviewer: Okay. How about- Did you ever try growing those around here? 289: No. Interviewer: {X} 289: At the rate th- they're going up, I think last week we bought a three-pound- bag of onions, a dollar- nineteen cents? I think we better start trying to grow them. Interviewer: Do you know now the- Usually you buy them in a bag the bulbs- in the big ones, you know, or do you buy the bunches? 289: You mean the onions? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: We just buy them, you know the individual, the tops cut off of them, the green sections off of them. Interviewer: Yeah. Do- now- do you have a different name for them, like when they're not uh- when they're not- when they don't get the- the big bulbs- when they're just, you know, the- 289: Green onions. Interviewer: Okay the- 289: Oh and don't the other people call them "Scallions?" {D: You know?} Interviewer: Well whatever you call {D: them/onions}. 289: Well I call them "green onions," and I don't even eat them so I don't buy them. Interviewer: Uh- Um. What uh- what are some vegetables that you might use. {X} They ever have any kind of soups or stews that uh- or what do you call a- now what do you call a- 289: Steam meat? Stew meat? It's all kind of like- Okay, if we take- beef r- barbecue ribs, you know, and we'll cook it down with the potatoes and- uh, cabbage, and we make dough, sometimes we put plantains, we call it "Stewed Ribs." But sometimes if we just take the meat, or chicken, then we say "steamed meat" or "steamed chicken." {NS: Radio} So it's all according to what it is that we're cooking. At least what I'm cooking anyway. Interviewer: Alright, um. Now- okay, now you said cabbage, um. Um. You might say uh- filling out this blank, I might give you a blank {X} talking about cabbage, now I like these. 289: Cabbages? Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- uh- Do they ever have any type of gumbo around here? From up {D: North}? 289: Ah. {D: They call it/carve a chicken?} I know people make them but you know, see them in the grocery store the chicken gumbo. Uh. What is it um. {NS: Radio} New Orleans has a lot of that gumbo. Interviewer: Do you know what kind of vegetable they use in that? 289: Okra, I think. That round, has like- little bead things in it- okra. Interviewer: And uh. How about uh- you know like, when you buy beans uh, and you want to get them out of the pot. What do you have to do to them? 289: Up people up north they shell them, but we don't do them here. Interviewer: Oh you don't? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, um. What do you call the large, flat, yellowish beans, uh. 289: Lima beans? Interviewer: Yeah, do you ever call them anything else? 289: No, a lima bean's a lima bean. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh um. Are ye- are these yellow beans ever called "butter beans?" 289: Yes, when they- when we buy them in the jars already prepared. Interviewer: {X} {X} 289: You can buy them already fixed up you know, just to eat. See like we'll have a bean soup which is lima beans. Sometimes they call it "bean soup," sometimes they call it "lima bean soup." And you get the lima beans, you cook it down with some tomato sauce and pieces of ham and uh, onions in it. Like- some people call it "bean soup," other people call it "lima bean." Interviewer: And then the other type is uh. When you get them already made? 289: Butter bean. Interviewer: Yeah, the ones already made. 289: Butter beans. Interviewer: Hmm. Okay, how about the- the kind that- what would you call the kind of beans that you would eat, with the pod and everything, you just eat- 289: String beans, the little uh, Pole beans. In Key West we call- I call them- my family calls them "string beans." Interviewer: And um. You- say you take uh- I don't know if anyone does this here, you might say you take the tops of turnips, uh. You know the green parts of turnips and you have what? You have a mess of what? 289: Collard greens. We don't eat them. I mean I- I just- I know some of it from reading books, because we've got a- bunch of Time Life series books here on food. And I go through it, you know. Different countries. And then I've seen the ones from the United States, you know. North East cooking and- was it smelt- "smelt pot cooking?" "Smelting pot cooking?" But I mean, turnips we don't eat. Interviewer: The- the top parts you don't eat either? 289: We don't even eat the other part. Interviewer: #1 Oh the bottom {NW: Laugh} # 289: #2 {NW: Laugh} # I- we'll eat- we'll eat pickled beats. But the others we don't. Not in my family anyway. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, how about the green stuff you might put in salads? 289: Lettuce? Interviewer: Yeah. Do you use that? #1 did I get that? # 289: #2 yeah # Lettuce is lettuce. Interviewer: And how does it come? 289: We buy uh, iceberg lettuce in the- packages from- Grocery. Interviewer: And you'd see- 289: Sometimes it comes from Arizona. New Mexico- Interviewer: #1 But the- the thing that, you know you call it- if you got two of- # 289: #2 A head of lettuce. # Interviewer: Alright you had two, yeah. You might say you had two- 289: Heads. Interviewer: {NS}{C: Reel makes weird noise here} And- {X} would people around here like, if you had uh uh- two boys and three girls, would they ever refer to them as uh- Five- uh. {X} 289: Five- may call them five "hellions" Five- five kids, that's it. Interviewer: Okay, you ever heard of it like "five head of children" or something like- "five heads" 289: No. Sometimes, they would say um, "five heads a kid," "five heads." We might feeding, you know we got- we got- we got about food for seven heads. In our house, you know? But we don't. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh um. If a person has say, oh, twelve kids, and- you'd say they got a whole- 289: Flock. Interviewer: Flock? Okay, any other words they might use for that around here? {NS: Door} 289: Flock of kids. Interviewer: Would you ever say something like "pack?" {X} 289: Pack, yeah. Sometimes that if they got nine- what is it a baseball team, football team, basketball team? "We got enough for a basketball team," something like that? Interviewer: Okay, um, uh, have you ever- have you ever used the word "passel" here? Like "a whole passel of kids?" 289: I've heard it but I don't- think I ever used it. Interviewer: I mean, around the people that you know, that lived here. 289: No, not that I've heard. Interviewer: Okay, uh. How would you use that word, "passel?" 289: I tell you the truth I don't think I even use it. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Alright. Uh, now we're talking about this guy that was growing corn now. The uh, um- street? Make sure I check off the ones I got so I don't go back over them. The uh- what do you call the uh- um- um- like on the top of cornstalks, you know the- 289: Heads of cor- heads of corn? The stalks, no the- Interviewer: No the {X}- yeah you ever seen a- {X} has he had corn grow- you've seen corn grow here before, haven't you? 289: Not in key West I don't think. #1 I saw- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: in California, my girlfriend, {D: she works for Shell} Biological Research Center. And they plant out experimental crops. Interviewer: Oh. 289: And we went out there one time, slushing through stuff, picking corn. And I've seen up around Pensacola Area where they had that red disease or whatever it is they had a few years back. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: When it destroyed all the corn. I've seen that. {NS} #1 I know what you mean though the blossoms or the blooms it might have. # Interviewer: #2 Thing on the top that- that uh. # You know. Alright when you graduate from high school you wear this thing on your head. 289: The tassel. Interviewer: Okay. 289: {D: But they don't call it that.} Interviewer: And uh. How about uh- when you uh. Take the green part off of uh- 289: The stalk? Oh no. Interviewer: No when you- that you say you go out and- 289: Shuck corn? Interviewer: Okay. And so you call those the- the what? 289: Just, "the heads of corn," you "shuck the corn." Interviewer: Okay. How about um. The stringy stuff that's right next to the uh- kernels 289: What's it a husk? Interviewer: No, you know the stuff that you gotta pull, it's real- it's white, and it's inside- it's inside the shucks. 289: I mean we call it a {X}- I just- get the corn on the cob and peel off the stuff I don't need and- put it in a pot. Interviewer: #1 Okay, but you know what I'm talking about that stringy white stuff. # 289: #2 Yeah that stringy white- stuff. # Interviewer: And you never call that anything? 289: Never. Interviewer: "Silk" or anything? 289: Yes, I've heard people use "Silk." -Call it silk. Interviewer: {NS: Pages turning} Um. Alright how about a large round fruit that uh, that you make out a round- pie of out of around, Thanksgiving. {X} 289: Pumpkin. Interviewer: And, and uh, uh. How about uh, what kind of melons? 289: Watermelons, cantaloupes, rock melons, honey dews. {NS} Those are the only ones I can think of. Interviewer: Okay now do you know of any different varieties of water melons that uh people prefer down here that you can try to get? 289: Some- there's one they call- I think it's "Alligator skin." {NS: Radio} I just know that, some of them's long, you know, and light green. Then you get the kind that's brown. Then you got this kind that's dark green with the stripes, in it. Interviewer: What are those other little bitty ones, you ever seen them? 289: Yeah I've seen the little ones but I don't know what you call them. Interviewer: Um. 289: They just didn't grow. Interviewer: Uh. Let's see, what do you call the uh little things that spring up in the damp places and dark places in the woods? 289: Mushrooms? Interviewer: Okay. And, do you ever have any of those growing around here? 289: I've seen them grow around because we've had some in our back yard. All I do is just smash them to pieces and throw them away. Interviewer: Does uh uh uh. Did your folks ever call them anything else? They say, "don't eat those-" The ones that you don't eat you call what? {NS:} 289: I've heard- I've said something about them but I don't Even We very seldom ever have them. I know you call them "mushroom caps?" No, "toadstools." Interviewer: Okay, and that's- that's ones. Okay. How about um. The uh- oh there's another type of vegetable, {NW: Cough} The kind that uh, is yellow, uh, is crookneck. 289: Squash. Interviewer: Okay. Did- did they ever get any down here that's white, and kind of flat? You know round? 289: I think I've seen it once or twice but I think they mainly just get the yellow squash. Interviewer: #1 That's the main one that people get. # 289: #2 Yeah. # That's good. Interviewer: Yeah. The uh. Is that a favorite uh- 289: That's uh- let's put it this way- when I was growing up, there weren't too many vegetables that my mother prepared for us. I'll eat squash, I'll have peas, corn, and string beans. But as for any other kind of vegetable, no. Sometimes when I go to like, uh the Polynesian restaurant, you know they might a vegetable- I might try it, like I've tried um- I don't even know if you want to call them vegetables. Brussel sprouts and the bamboo shoots and water chestnuts, um. They have uh, what they call the "Heart of the Palm," they take out of the palm tree, put that in salads. But the only time I eat a salad is if I go to a restaurant. But I will not fix one at my house to have, I don't like it. Interviewer: Okay, um. How about uh. {NS: Page turning} 289: Salads are for company. {NW: Laugh} #1 That's when we make the salads. # Interviewer: #2 So like a formal? # 289: Well it's just that um. My mother will sit down and eat a tomato, those little- Uh. Teeny Tomatoes. I forgot the stupid name for them. But she'll eat them. My sister will eat them, my nephew will just take a bit and dip it in salt and eat it, nothing of it. But I won't, I mean I just- to me a salad is- You go out to a restaurant, you got to kill time before they bring your main course so you eat the salad. But when I- I'm {D: running off} diets so much that, when I think of the calories that's in a salad, to heck with the salad, I'd rather have the meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: {X} And salads don't have as m- You know, people think they don't have that many calories in it but when you count up calories they do. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay, how about uh. Checking this thing here, uh, if- if uh, if- if you leave an apple, okay on a window or something that it'll turn brown, then it'll- it'll- you know, do what? 289: {X} got the core. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call it when it kind of- 289: We never {D: eat it there, they dry up}, we just throw the thing away. Interviewer: Alright well you know like, when your in the water too long you know what happens to your hands? 289: It gets wrinkled, shrinks, you know you get wrinkle marks. Interviewer: Okay, well uh, do you ever say uh- a different way of saying it would be uh- 289: Shrivel up? Interviewer: Okay. Would you- well, would- would you ever used that word around here? How would you use that? 289: I don't- I don't think we even use it that much, not us. {NW: Pages turning} Interviewer: How about uh, the uh- what kind of citrus fruits do you have here? 289: Let's see, oranges, you got your grapefruit, got your limes, lemons. {NS: Radio} That's about it for citrus, orange, grapefruits, lemons, limes. Interviewer: Okay, if you had a bowl of uh, oranges on the table, uh, when you left in the morning and you expected to have them when you got back but someone beat you to it. You came in and there was nothing but a- 289: Empty bowl. Interviewer: And you'd say that the oranges are- 289: What, "vanished?" Interviewer: Yeah, would you say? You would say- 289: No just that someone, Interviewer: #1 {X}, {X}, okay # 289: #2 beat me to it which I wouldn't I mind because I don't care for oranges that much either. # Interviewer: Would you ever say like, you'd say, "Oh my gosh, the oranges are-" 289: Gone. Interviewer: Okay would you say- uh, the oranges are, anything else gone? 289: No, they just, empty bowl, gone, vanished. Interviewer: Okay. {NS: Pages turning} Um. {NS: Pages turning} Do you know {D: when} they grow- uh okay- What- what's the inside part of a cherry that you don't eat? 289: The- the seed or the pit. Interviewer: Okay. How about the inside part of a- a peach, that you don't eat. 289: The seed. Plug. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, and do you know what they call the kind of peach where the flesh is tight up against the uh, seed? Where, you know, when you- when you go to cut it and pull it apart and it sticks to the seed. {NS:} 289: Only thing I know is they call them- To me a peach is a peach, unless you want to call it, say it's a "Georgia Peach." Interviewer: Okay, then you know like, you don't make any distinction between the type that you can uh, cut and the seed will almost fall out you know. #1 You know what I'm saying, you've seen some that- Yeah. # 289: #2 Yeah you can just take your finger nails and lift it apart and out comes the thing, # and there's some you can't just get, but I don't know the difference. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. {NS} Do you uh, does anyone around here dry- you know, dry fruit? You know like cut it up and dry it for later? 289: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Like apples and, peaches and things like that. 289: No the only thing we might do is uh, take guavas. And we'll take and peel the skin off, and slice them in half, put them in a pot, and boil them with sugar. Sugar and water. And then uh. Sometimes I take and do the same way, and but they take all the seeds out of the guava, and make jelly- out of it. Or sometimes just freeze it, the guava shells. And of course you can make guava ice cream and guava dump- guava dumplings. And take the guavas with a heavy syrup you know from cooking and put a can- of cream in it with some sugar, that's delicious. Because we do that to with um, sometimes we do it with um. Well we take the sour sop and turn it into ice cream by the same way but we don't cook it you know, you don't have to cook it. Interviewer: You ever uh, did you ever hear anybody call it a "dry fruit snitz?" 289: No. Interviewer: You ever heard that word at all? {NS: Radio} Okay. Um. How about uh, and I got one other thing here about, we talking about salads- how about those little red things things they put in salads they slice- they're white inside and they got red skins. 289: White inside and red- Interviewer: They're about that big around. 289: Oh, um. What are they called. Ra- ra- radishes. Interviewer: Okay, and uh you ever- you ever- anybody try to grow them around here? Or is it {X}? 289: I don't think- some people more or less grew them because I know when I was a kid I saw all those packages of seeds, you know, but I don't know if they grew. You know what trouble is with All Conch houses, if you're living in an old Conch house now, they're about, I say two, three feet off the ground. Okay. It's always- rain gets in- gets underneath there and you can, if you're not careful, get some rats. And, or you get caterpillars. You know. And any fruit that grows underneath the ground, or vegetable underneath the ground, you'll lose it to the darn roaches, or rats, or caterpillars, or worms or something, so really, here you have a better bet of growing it if it's- above the ground. Interviewer: Hmm. How about um. So, {D: if it's below}- 289: See we grow tomatoes. Some people I've seen corn. Interviewer: How deep does the soil go here? Before you get to, you know like- 289: Not too deep because in the fr- in our front yard we've got things growing that- maybe only requires about seven or eight inches of s- of soil you know, or even less than that. {NS: Pages Turning} Now in the back yard- some areas in our back yard you can dig down maybe- oh, maybe a foot or two, you know of dirt. But it always seems like your best dirt is underneath your house. Interviewer: Yeah. I guess because of the- 289: The dampness in all of it's richer. Interviewer: How about uh, you know where they- where they grow um. Peaches they call that a what? 289: Grove. Interviewer: Okay how about apples, where they grow apples, they call that a grove? 289: Orchard. Interviewer: Okay. Um. The um. And you said syrup a while ago what kind of other syrups can you get, around here. 289: Syrups? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 289: Well the only kind of syrups that I know that people go is they go to the grocery store and they get, you know, honey syrup, you know for your pancakes if you eat pancakes, or waffle syrup. That's about it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if you were talking about leather or something, you know, and you wanted to get- real leather, you would go in and you would say uh, you might ask the guy and you say uh, like a belt or something like that and you say, Um, um. Say uh. 289: Genuine leather? Pigskin? Or cowhide. Interviewer: Right. Okay. And- what would you find on a table in a kitchen to uh, season food with? 289: Salt, pepper. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, if a child were uh, talking about those oranges, uh {X} if they were on the table and they couldn't reach, uh, you might uh, how would you uh ask, or what would he say? 289: He wouldn't- more than likely the kid is not going to ask for they just climb up in the chair and get it. Get- sit up on top of the table and get it. Or reach for it. Interviewer: But what, you know if you were there and he thought he better ask, what might he say? 289: {NS} Well my nephew generally says, "would you give me?" {NS} You know- I- "I want-" Bottle of milk, or I want- an orange. But then I'll say what, and then I try to teach to him that if he says, "please," he's going to get it. A little bit quicker. He- generally says, "I want it." Or, "I want an orange," "I want an apple." {NS} Interviewer: Okay, um. The um. {NS} How about um. Already got that. {NS} How about uh, those white things they serve with eggs in the breakfast, and it's a southern food, you know? 289: Grits. Interviewer: yeah, you ever eat a lot of those here? 289: {NS} Yes, they eat them. Interviewer: They ever call them anything else? 289: No, grits, grits is grits. I think some people might call it "Hominy," from up north. Interviewer: Further. But then around here. 289: But it's grits. Interviewer: Are they white, what color is it? 289: White. Interviewer: Do they ever have it yellow? 289: Yeah you can buy, I think- but I don't know if they call it grits, I know you can buy it in yellow pa- isn't it corn meal? Hominy grits, isn't hominy yellow, and grits white. {D: Donna Shore?} did some kind of grits or something that was yellow, but we have white ones, at least what we use is white. Interviewer: How about uh, the starch gr- uh grain that comes from Texas and um, Arkansas and Louisiana grows in the water, you know the Chinese eat it all the time- 289: Rice? Interviewer: Yeah you ever, get a lot of that here? 289: Oh yeah, we- everybody eats rice here. Interviewer: {X} 289: Rice and potatoes is your two. Well Key West, where all the Cubans is here. Interviewer: Oh. I guess you got a lot of them, yeah. 289: Yellow rice, then you cook white rice, then we cook "black eye pea hopping johns," then they cook yellow rice with chicken, and pork chops with chicken. You can put practically any meat in with the yellow rice and it comes out good. Interviewer: {X} Is the cooking here mainly influenced by the Spanish or do you have your own style or, would you say that you have sort of a Key West style? 289: Well, when it comes to the steams and the stews I would say they more or less like Key West. But then since there's a lot of Cubans here or Spanish, you have their foods sneaking in when you have the um, black beans and the yellow rice. But see a lot of Cubans, if you go to the restaurants, the Cubans are not going to put onions, peppers, uh and pieces of meat in the- in the yellow rice. Whereas if you're cooking at home you put the onions and peppers, and you can put ham in it, or you can put chicken. And then that's your big meal right there, you know if you cook it in with it. And it tastes better cause you have the flavor of the meat- in it. But then there Cubans have a picadillo. {C: Spanish} And then they have the ropa vieja. {C: Spanish} Interviewer: Now the picadillo is what? 289: Pica- Picadillo is ground meat that's cooked real fine, you know. And- and- it might be a little- with a little bit of olive oil in it, and the restaurants put garlic salt, and onion salt in it. But at home when we cook it- cook it, we cook it- We cook it with a little bit of tomato sauce into it. You know with the onions the same way. Now the ropa vieja is shredding beef. You go out and you buy the- there's like plank steak and you boil it in a pot of water, until it's done, and then you take it out when it cools off, and then you shred it with your fingers. Then you cook it down with some onions and maybe peppers, you can put olives in it, and with tomato sauce and a little bit of olive oil, and it's good. Then they have uh, {D: bellichi}. And uh, it's just- a form of uh- beef, that when you- it's- we buy big long chunks and it shrinks a lot when you cook it. But it's very tender, you'll never get a piece of {D: bellichi} that's tough, you can break it with your fork. You don't have even to use a knife with it. Interviewer: What's it from, what part of- 289: I think it's more it's like the r- you call the round eye, of the steak you know, or like um porterhouse that round section that, what is it the filet mignon, that little section, it's like that. It's- let's put it this way, you can never get a tough piece of {D: Bellichi}. But it's expensive to get. Interviewer: Hmm, do they sell that around- it's- 289: Yeah you can buy it in the grocery stores, if you go in the grocery stores and say they'll- if you ask for {D: Bellichi} they'll know what to give you. Interviewer: You ever see any in Miami? 289: Yes but it's not listed as {D: Bellichi} Interviewer: Oh, what do they call it? 289: I think they call it round eye, or something like that, and say like with here we call thin steak, "palomilla steak." I guess it's a Cuban- It's generally sliced thin steak- round steak sliced thin. Interviewer: Hmm. Okay. Um. Alright, how about um. Wh- wh- now what do you call the stuff that's uh made- made of flour and baked in loaves? 289: Bread. Interviewer: Okay, uh what kinds of bread can you- 289: Get here? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Whole wheat, rye, pumpernickel. You get your white bread. They used to at the bake shops used to get sweet potato- sweet- potato bread but- they don't make it now. which I guess it's just gotten to to expensive, that was good. But you have to go to the Key West Bake Shop- Oh, and Cuban bread. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And you can go and get the uh, French bread. From the- Interviewer: Okay, how about some uh other kinds that are made in different shapes other than the loaves. 289: Hmm, you mean the crescent like Pillsbury's crescent rolls, dinner rolls? Interviewer: Yeah, things like that. 289: And you have the twist rolls, the onion rolls. What's those seeds they put on top of them? I don't know. The seeded rolls. What- {NS: Mic tap} Cresc- no not crescent. Can't think of the darn name of the seeds, so. They look like parakeet food. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} Oh um. {NS: Tapping} Uh. I can't think of anything. 289: I can't think of it, but you can buy that. Interviewer: Okay, how about the- the type of uh um, bread that's uh, made with cornmeal. 289: Cornmeal? {NS} Interviewer: Ever have any? You know it's usually in a flat pan and it's baked uh. In squares? {NS} They ever make any of that here? 289: Cornbread? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Yeah, Cornbread. Interviewer: Is that- is that fairly common around here? 289: It's a lot common for um, not for Cuban restaurants they wouldn't have it, but uh, the dime stores have it, and- I think most people here they- the corn bread is- for us if we're gonna have it we generally have it in the morning for breakfast, you know? And put butter on it and have a corn bread and whether you want to drink tea or milk or something. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else besides just "Corn Bread?" {NS} Or any- let's put it this way uh- 289: They call it- we make corn sticks, corn bread. That's about it. Interviewer: Uh- well uh, now. Have you- uh- have you ever heard of "Corn Dodger?" {NS} 289: No. Corn dodger? Interviewer: Never heard of that? How about um. Have- have uh, supposed you have uh {X}, it has every- the only things it have- would have in it, would maybe just be um um- Cornmeal, salt, and water. Would that be "Cornbread?" 289: Cornmeal, salt, and water. {X} When we make cornbread we buy packaged cornmeal, co- cornbread mix, just add water in it, and then bake it. That's it. Interviewer: Okay, do you ever remember any uh like, your grandparents talk about making any? 289: They made um, Johnny Cake bread. Interviewer: And was that corn or wheat? 289: I think it's flour- it's flour. With some baking powder and water. And that's it. Interviewer: Okay but that was flour. 289: Uh huh, flour. Interviewer: Okay, how about um. Do you ever hear of anybody making uh cornbread on top of a stove in a skillet? 289: Yeah that's Johnny Cake, that's what we call "Johnny Cake" bread. Interviewer: Okay but it would be corn? 289: No it's- it's uh flour. But not corn. I think they do that kind of stuff when people go camping. Interviewer: Oh. It's- it's about an inch thick and it's round? 289: Yeah that's what we call Johnny Cake, but I mean- you know- that's not cornmeal it's flour. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever- now w- now how about the one that uh- now this is the kind where you take cornmeal and you chop up a little pepper and green uh- and onions and- 289: Uh, you mean hushpuppies? Interviewer: Alright uh. Do you- is that uh- That's not, made of here- not here, not hushpuppies. What- do you have anything like that? 289: We have {D: Boyas}- And we have conch fritters that's made that way. Interviewer: How are they made? 289: Okay you're {D: Boyas} are made out of what is it, um, beans. Black- not black beans. I forgot what kind of beans. It's beans, they soak over night and they take them and they grind them up. {NS} They put- people put garlic salt in them, and uh, they put some onion juice. And all,- and they drop in hot fat- hot fat, or grease- lard, and they cook it that way. And the conch fritters is the conch chopped fine, onions and peppers, and it's done the same way. Now you have banana fritters, the easier way to doing that- the banana fritters is that the ingredients. Is to borrow your pancake mix. Mix it the same way you do with pancakes. Get your fruit, bananas mostly, and smash it. And then mix it all together, and then fry it like pancakes, you know little thin pancakes. And then, some people eat it that way some people put- uh, honey on them, but- in my family we put egg sauce on them. Interviewer: Egg sauce? 289: Because we use that, we use the banana fritters- it's not as a breakfast thing, as a desert. You know it- like we have a stew meat or a st- steam meat or, vegetable beef soup. We'd have banana fritters while my grandmother was alive. Interviewer: Okay, how about um. Have you ever heard of anybody taking a kind of cornmeal and then frying it with- like putting it in a cheese- cheese cloth and uh- uh- uh, mixing it up with maybe pork bits or something like that? And uh, uh. Or chicken, you might mix it up with chicken and um- um. {NS} 289: Do you mean dumplings? {X} Interviewer: Yeah, what uh- would they ever be- what would they be made out of? 289: Okay, dumplings is generally uh, flour and water, with a little bit of baking powder in it. And um. Interviewer: Now it's usually boiled, right? 289: Yeah you can boil it, or- dump- more- we have something that's called "duff" is boiling. Too. Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 289: #2 But um. # Okay, it's uh- you make your duff. It's more or less like a cake mix type-thing but it has extra stuff in it, and we generally put um guavas in it, you know cooked guavas in it, and we put it in a- a pot and have a sealed lid that seals real tight. Then you take a big pot, and you put water into it, and put this- and put the duff can into it and you boil it on top of the stove for about two hours. Then you take it out, you just empty it out, and it looks like cake. And you slice it off, and some people- Well we always use egg sauce on it, but you can do the same thing and put uh, other fruit in it, we- you can put a pineapple. Now that's- that's duff now- dumplings you can cook in the pot, you know with your- like we'll cook chicken- chicken and dumplings you know, make the- the flour mix and put it in there, or when we do ribs we call it um. {NS} Ribs {X}. And dumplings, we call it dumplings, but it's with like uh ribs or any kind of steamed meat, stewed meat, you can put that on top. But when you make a guava- dumplings, it's uh- you roll out your dough, you put your guava down through the center, and then you fold over the sides and the ends and you roll it, and you put it in a grease pan and you bake it, and then, when it's done you slice it off and you put egg sauce on it. Interviewer: Okay, is it very uh. Uh. {X} Okay, I was just- 289: There's different ways of um- either bake it or boil it in a double- boiler pot. Or fix it in with your meat. Chicken and dumplings like that. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you um- um- Now there's two kinds of bread, there's uh- the type that you buy at a store and then what else? 289: Home made bread? Interviewer: Yeah. #1 What do you call and- what did your {D: family}- yeah- # 289: #2 Store bought bread, and homemade. # Interviewer: Yeah. Then {D: which}- 289: I'll go buy some "Wholesome" or "Marita" or, that's about it. Interviewer: The uh, um. 289: I don't remember my grandmother ever making bread. Interviewer: Never made it? Always- 289: Always bought it. Interviewer: What'd you have bakeries here or? 289: Yeah have bakeries- see you used- You used to be able to go to the bake shop and buy a loaf of bread, fresh made bread, twenty cents. Even sweet potato bread, twenty cents a loaf. And when I was little- if I wanted the Cuban bread I could go around to Cu- to the one of the Cuban grocery stores, and that's a whole loaf, now that's about the size of a French loaf of bread you know? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 289: #2 That long. # And you say I want to buy half a loaf of Cuban bread, five cents, ten cents. It used to be ten cents now it's fifty cents. Interviewer: Mm. 289: For a loaf of Cuban bread. Interviewer: There was- There was ten cents when you were- 289: When I was around nine, ten years old- ten cents. It's gone up to fifty now. Interviewer: Alright now at the bakery, what about those things that have the holes in them? 289: Donuts. Interviewer: Yeah, do you get those here? 289: You get donuts and jelly donuts. Interviewer: Do they- now did you have a different name though you said jelly donuts, do you have a different name for those? Uh. 289: no, they're generally- donuts that don't have a center and, probably the inside is taken out and filled up with some type of jelly. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Uh, what about uh um. Um. {NS} What about the type that are twisted? Do you have a name for those? You know the whens that are {D: stirred/still} kind of- 289: Twisted donuts um. Interviewer: Y-y-yeah all I'm saying is there any- is there any special- 289: It mainly when you go to the grocery st- the bake shop you just say "Donuts," and then point to whatever it is that you want. Interviewer: Okay. #1 And then- # 289: #2 C- Oh Cinnamon twist donuts. That's the only other kind we used to buy, cinnamon twist. # Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And uh, how about uh- now you mentioned uh- Johnny cakes, now I think this probably what this uh- sometimes you mix up a batter like Aunt Jemima. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh, now is that the same thing as Johnny cakes? 289: Well I know it's- it's the same way as making dough. You know, f- flour, baking powder, and water. And I don't what else you might put in it because I've never baked it- you know made it. You take the big iron frying pan, you know you roll it out into a big circle- how wide the frying pan- and you grease the frying pan. You don't have excess of grease, you just grease it. Interviewer: #1 So just as long as it's nice and- # 289: #2 And then- yeah. # And then, when it- you think it's done on one side you take your spatula, or your egg turner and just flip it up and plop it on the other side and then, while that underneath is cooking, you know before you flipped it over you greased it, and then that side is cooking and my grandmother always used to leave a piece of paper with the grease sitting on top. You know. Interviewer: You get all- you get all greased up here. 289: Well it's just that it won't- wouldn't burn in the pot. Interviewer: Well I was talking about- well yourself. 289: Oh getting burned, yeah you can get burned with it. Interviewer: Okay, I was just, I was trying to differentiate between the Johnny cake and the type that they have at the international house of uh- #1 You know those- those things they make in the morning and put syrup on- Yeah. # 289: #2 Pancakes? # Interviewer: #1 Are those different? # 289: #2 No, it's completely different. # {X} Yeah because theirs is thin and runny and this Johnny cake isn't going to run no where. It's going to stay. Interviewer: Now you- would you eat the Johnny cake the way they do in the morning, you know- 289: Johnny cake, when you get take it out the of the frying pan, just cut off a- piece and just slid it down the center and put some butter on it. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- what is it they put in bread to make it raise? 289: Baking powder? No not baking powder. Yeast. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. If you went to the store and you were buying flour you might buy two what? A two- 289: Two pounds Interviewer: Okay. And uh. What the inside part of an egg is called? 289: Yolk. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If you cook- um. A couple of them- if you boil them. Uh. Well let's put it this way- You can- uh. {C: The interviewer is starting to say "let's put it this way" the same way 289 does} 289: What the chicken lays? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Eggs. Interviewer: And if you put it on water at two hundred and twenty degrees you're doing what? 289: You're boiling them. Interviewer: So you're having- 289: Hard boiled eggs, soft boiled eggs. Interviewer: Okay. How about if you break them open and you put that in water? 289: Um. Poached. Interviewer: Okay. And, now, do you have any names for fat salt pork? {NS} 289: No just pork. Interviewer: You know what I'm talking about like uh- 289: Yeah the chunks of pork you can buy it looks like bacon big chunks if you if you haven't even bothered to slice them Interviewer: Yeah- you ever? 289: No my mother buys um. Salt pork. Interviewer: Is that- what you would call it? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh have you ever seen like when they cut the side of a hog that's all hung up there- it's like you say square, big side, what they call it. 289: Slab? Interviewer: Yeah with the- the. 289: I've never seen a hog split open like that, and I'm not interested in finding it. Interviewer: Did they ever have any um, butcher houses in around here? 289: Yeah they used to at the- I don't remember- at the end of uh White Street, a little bit over, they used to have they'd bring the cattle in and they'd slaughter them there sharks- hanging out there. Interviewer: Sharks {D: in their hand}? 289: Mm-hmm. #1 Not now, but they used to. # Interviewer: #2 Well that- that'd be- # 289: They used to say- it used to go out you know where white street pair would go off? Well this is over about, fifty feet. {NS} Interviewer: Toward the Beach? 289: Not towards Monroe county, the other way. And uh, my grandmother says that's when they used to bring in the cattle in there and they'd slaughter them there. And the blood and everything just- they let it go in the water and the sharks used to be there and eat it all up. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: {D: I mean I seen it.} Interviewer: I don't think anyone would want to do- that'd be one- that'd be a good time to go swim on the other side of the island. But yeah, yeah. How about uh, uh- what about the kind of meat that you buy uh- sliced thin that you'd eat with eggs? 289: You mean spam? Interviewer: Well you know, you know- 289: Bacon. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Ham. Interviewer: Yeah, what other kind? 289: Sausage Interviewer: Alright. And what do you call the uh- the outside of bacon like if you buy it unsliced, you know it's got that real hard- 289: I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah, it's hard to eat. 289: We don't eat bacon, that much, that often. {NS: Chair creaking} Interviewer: Okay, and uh, um. {NS} How about uh. The guy that- the guy that cuts the meats is called? 289: The butcher Interviewer: Okay. And if the meats been kept too long you'd say the meat has done what? 289: Spoiled. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Now um. {NS} This is uh- {X} like for example, uh, I don't know if you're familiar with any of these or not but I'll just run through them quickly. Now what time do you have to g- 289: I don't have to worry about anything until twelve o'clock. Interviewer: Okay so there's a clock right there, I'm going to keep my eye on it. {NW: Laugh} Alright. Um. Okay uh. After someone butchers a hog, do you know what they uh- what they might make with the meat from it's head? {NS} 289: {NW} Interviewer: #1 You ever heard- # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 Anything? # 289: #2 {X} # People up and around New Orleans and that kind of stuff they make their own sausage but they grind up their stuff, but I don't know what it is that they- I've heard of hog jaws. And chitterlings. Interviewer: Do you know what chitterlings are? 289: Yeah that's the um, I think- now, this is from working in the Navy with these cooks, I think it's the male's something or other. {NS: Pages turning} Or I might got the wrong one mixed up with it. {NW: Laugh} Interviewer: Alright- 289: Hog bowls, hog jaws, chitterlings. Interviewer: Okay- 289: Tripe. Interviewer: Tripe. Alright did you ever hear of anything made out of hog blood? {NS} 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, what would you call a dish prepared by cooking and grinding up a hog liver? What do you think is made out of that? 289: Nope. Never heard of anything- chi- The thing I've heard of is chicken livers but they wouldn't do that. On a hog. Interviewer: You have a name for like, in a chicken you know like uh. Um. #1 Like the heart and the gizzard and the- # 289: #2 gizzard, the liver. # Interviewer: #1 All those things together, you know inside of a chicken, # 289: #2 chitterlings? # Interviewer: That's eatable inside a chicken, would they have a common name for all of them, you know, together? 289: No, they may but, see the only one out of my family that ever ate any of that was my grandmother. Interviewer: {D: Never heard her call it anything} Okay. Um. 289: What do- what do they call chitterlings? Interviewer: #1 Chitterlings- # 289: #2 Oh giblets! # Is it giblets that make uh- My girlfriend takes the heart and the, the liver and chumps it up, and her turkey and stuff to make gravy. Is that it? Interviewer: Well you know, just- If it's what you know {NW: Laugh}. 289: Let's put it this way, with me the heart, liver in the chicken gets thrown out the back door for the chickens- I mean- the cats to eat. Interviewer: Oh. 289: Because uh, I'm not about to do it. {NS} Even the neck and the tail-end, last piece that goes over the fence gets thrown out the door. Interviewer: What do you call that last piece that goes- 289: That's {D: it's} the tail-end {NW: Laugh}. That gets out. Interviewer: Did you ever have- hear anybody else call that anything else? 289: No, the last- tail-end- let's see the last piece that goes over the fence the tail-end. {NS} Interviewer: Ever hear it called "nose" 289: No. Interviewer: {X} 289: Mm. Interviewer: Or something like that- okay, how about uh. Uh- Have you ever heard of anyone taking the juice from hogs head cheese, or {D: lure} sausage and stirring it up with cornmeal or maybe some other meat and then cooking it up and the later off uh, when it's cool, slicing it and frying it or anything like that? Any kind of dish that even sounds like that, remotely? 289: #1 I wouldn't even want to know of anything like that- Ooh! # Interviewer: #2 {NW: Laugh} # How about uh, supposed you kept butter too long and it didn't taste good, what would you say happened to it? 289: {NS} The only thing I can think of is milk and that curdles, so you throw that away. But not butter- spoils, the butter spoils. Interviewer: Okay, you ever- 289: We don't keep um- Key West people as a rule, at least for us, for the past maybe tw- twenty years, we don't buy butter, we buy margarine. Because at the time it was cheaper to buy than the butter and the butter was too high in cholesterol. So we buy margarine. And even when I was little I remember my grandmother buying this white stuff, and mixing it up and then putting the yellow stuff in it to make it yellow like butter. Interviewer: Mm. 289: There is some- we only have real good butter when we- maybe when we have company, they think- we think they might like it. But most of them nowadays prefer the margarine. Interviewer: Mm. So you say when milks spoils you call that what? 289: It's curdled milk or it's turned sour. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of anybody making any kind of a cheese out of curdled milk? 289: My girlfriend did but I don't know what it's called. Interviewer: Okay. 289: You just skim it off and- #1 I don't know what else you put but- # Interviewer: #2 You like to get- in grocery stores it's white and it got chunks. # {NS} And it comes in little tubs? 289: Not sour cream. Interviewer: No. {NS} 289: I'm sure it's- cottage cheese? Don't tell me that- Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} {X} Some people might. 289: I don't- well I only use cottage cheese when I make lasagna so I'm safe that way. Interviewer: Okay. How about- 289: I think I'm going to- {X}- omit the cottage cheese. Interviewer: Have you- but- you never- not too many people make stuff out of uh {D: Clarry Milk} {C: possibly meant "curdled"? I couldn't find what this Clarry Milk is}. 289: No, No- Not that I know of. People nowadays- at least as far as I can remember- is- down here you pay more- you go in the grocery store around here looking, you pay more than what you pay for up- up in Miami, because when been up in Miami shopping for my cousins, and I see the prices of their meat and know what we're paying here, and I hear them complaining, and I say, "well you should come where I come from." Because most people nowadays, they don't buy, in excess. The- you know they had it to throw away. And when we do have something left over from the table, and we know that we're not going to want it, we'll give it to the dog- my dog, and if the dog don't want it we give it to the cats. And the cats don't want it, when we had ducks we'd give it to the ducks or the chickens. I've had a chicken come in the house and stand with my dog and eat dog food. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: Or- or the- Johnny, we had a duck named Johnny like Daffy Duck, He come in through the back door all the way in the house to the front room see what we's doing, turn around, go back out. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: Didn't do a thing, just wanted to know what we was doing. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: #1 It was true # Interviewer: #2 Ch- Chicken- # How many chickens and ducks did you have at one time? 289: We had- three chickens. {NS} Well we had three boys and one female, okay. The female was Lucy and we got rid of- my uncle came and got the black ones, the males and then {NW} wrung their necks, so he took those, but we kept Lucy. {NS} And uh, she was a white one, but she had- must have had cancer, but she got along with the dogs we had. In fact my dog would go out in the backyard and lay down and she'd go up and flea him. Or she'd come in the house and eat dog food with him. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: They got along perfect together. Interviewer: When you uh, when you were going out to uh- feed the chickens how would you used to call them? 289: I didn't- I- generally I just call Lucy, just, "Lucy." Interviewer: Had grain that you threw? 289: Yep, and well we put out- uh, bread or we put out the rinds of the watermelon or- you know anything like that. But more or less the dog's food was right by the back door as soon as you go out, and the see- with all the dogs we've had, we'd leave the back door open, so they come and go as they please so the chicken, or the duck would come and go as he pleased. and as long as he didn't do anything in the house we didn't- He didn't- He'd be satisfied eating the dog food or the cat food, he didn't give a darn. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS: Something moving} 289: Except she- Except the darn roosters we had never knew when to crow. They'd crow at the wrong time. {NW: Laugh} Generally around um. Two o'clock in the morning. Or, uh, eleven o'clock in the morning. Stupid things didn't know when to crow. Interviewer: Okay if you had uh- if you had uh, um- say uh a soda bottle that when you opened it chipped a little bit, you know, and you didn't want to throw it away, you might take a- 289: Strain it. Interviewer: Yeah. And um. What- what's baked in a deep dish and is made out of apples, has crust on top, or it could be made out of peaches too, has crust on top of it uh. 289: What pie? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 289: #2 Apple crisp? # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Sometimes uh- well is it a still a pie if it's in a square dish? 289: {NS} Yeah. Well I mean, pies you think of being round. But pie, if it's apple or peach, would have a crust on bottom and crust on top. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Whereas an apple crisp would be more like a cake- with the fruit in it with sprinkled sugar and cinnamon on top of it. Interviewer: How about something that you might uh- it may not have a bottom crust it just has, you know fruit in it and it maybe have a layer of crust, then some more fruit, then a layer of crust. Something like that. {NS} 289: I never had one like that. Interviewer: Okay, you ever heard of like a cobbler or- 289: Oh yeah, I've heard- that's what they call the crisp down here. That's where I picked it up, at least from um, working at the Navy they called it a crisp, you know, ye- but within they'll put uh um, a layer of like the uh- cake mix, then the fruit, then- cake mix and fruit and sugar. Interviewer: #1 Oh so it's got cake in it then? # 289: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Oh, and that's a "crisp?" 289: They call it "apple crisp" or "cobbler." Interviewer: Okay. Alright if someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his- 289: Put away his food, put away his meal. Interviewer: Okay. No one ever say vittles here or anything? 289: Mm- I've heard it people say- uh- When my cousin went up to Alabama and came back she called it "vittles" for a little while. Interviewer: Until she got back into it? 289: Got back into the swing of it. Interviewer: #1 If somebody said vittles would that- I know, would that tip you off to where they're from? # 289: #2 It's food # I- I would say they were from the south if they weren't something from, you know. Maybe the northern Florida fo- I don't even think in the northern part of Florida say it. I'd say Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi. Interviewer: How about uh, {NS: Pages turning} the uh {NS: Pages turning} 289: You think of the- Vittles, you think of mountain people. You know. Back hills, hillbillies. {NS: Pages turning} Interviewer: Now, since you mention back hills, hillbillies, do you have any uh, uh- names for uh, um, white people that are in the south that are you know like "hillbillies," that names like that, you know? That you talk about- let's say- let's say people who are rural. you know 289: We call them farm- farm- farmers. Hillbillies. {NS: Pages turning} Um. {NS: Pages turning} I don't know. Interviewer: You know like uh, somebody who lives out in the country and doesn't know anything about town ways, you know- you know like uh. Um. Like you know- I think you said hillbilly but uh- 289: Yeah. Interviewer: {X}- 289: Backwoodsman. Um. Hill people, mountain people. {NS} But you got to go a long way before you go to Key West to get that. Interviewer: Right. Do they ever have any uh, uh, uh. Um. Th reason why I'm asking is because you know, you brought- you just mentioned it but uh. D- do you- what are some local names for negros. {C: Oh.} 289: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 I shouldn't have said that. # 289: No because- Interviewer: #1 Because- # 289: #2 Key- All people- # Like with me when I was growing up. The colored people that I know preferred to be called "Colored," people, colored. Okay now the new bunch have come- come along, and the Navy and all- they prefer to call- be call, "Negros." Then some people want to be called "Black people." But to me they're color- colored person. Interviewer: Were there any um, um. Jocular or you know like, uh, or derogatory terms that are native to the area here. Or just, that you knew when you were young? 289: For colored people? To me the- no, because see- my father and mother had French no other word that was colored. So I mean, to me there's Catherine, Levi, and, I mean but that's their names. Interviewer: Right. Okay how about uh, for a white person now, you know if you've heard since you had, you know- 289: Oh they might call them "whities." Interviewer: Okay how about uh, you know for a caucasian any- any- {NS} How about- do you consider, like you know, we were talking about native island people, okay. And you call those? 289: Key West people who are born in Key West are Conchs. Interviewer: Alright. Now is that a derogatory term or a good term in your mind? 289: Well, when you, the books that we had here in library and we looked it up- to me a conch is an animal, you know in the shell that you can eat, to me- It's just like saying you're a Georgia peach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: I don't take it as an insult to be a Conch, because they always say I'm a Conch- I'm a Conch. But to be a true Conch, your family has had to come from the Bahamas, Nassau or Bahamas, from England. So my family came from England, to the Bahamas, to Key West. That's a true Conch. Interviewer: Could there be any black Conchs? 289: Well I guess if they was born in England and went to the Bahamas and came to Key West then they're- that's it, that doesn't state if you have to be white or black though, or what color, it's just that you- From England, to the Bahamas, to Key West. Interviewer: I was just curious about that because I interviewed someone in {D: Miami}. Uh, Thompson family is black and um, they uh, lived in {D: Miami} three generations and they came from Key West. Part of that and uh. He referred to- now he'd been away for three generations but, uh he was talking about the Conchs in Key West, and I asked him you know, if blacks and whites were Conchs, and he said as far as he knew yes, And he thought it was sort of a derogatory term and it might be because of the, you know, I mean he was- 289: I don't take it as an insult because I mean I was born here, I'm not ashamed of the place, but they- they started throwing in things, first I'm American, then if you want to throw in second spot I'm either a Conch or I'm a Floridian. If you want to throw up another thing I'm either- I've got English, Irish, and a little bit of Seminole Indian in me. And I'm not ashamed of any of them. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: So I don't care if I have Italian or cuban or what have you. If you're not ashamed of yourself or your family then it doesn't make and difference what you got in you. Interviewer: Okay. Well I meant, well you know this isn't- this is just uh, 289: {X} I mean that's true because I'm a Conch, because I was born and raised here. Now if I would have had my way I'd loved to live in California. You'd tell me I could go tomorrow to San Diego to live where my Uncle lives in Point Loma, area. Oh! Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} You like it there? 289: It's beautiful. I love television. And he's seven blocks from the ocean, up like on a hill, but all his- his house is on ground, you know firm ground. And do you know he can get twenty three T.V. stations in his set? Interviewer: Set? 289: Twenty three. What you miss one day, you can pick up the next day or a couple of hours later. Because if you don't like Key West- there's not much to do you can go swimming, fishing, tennis, boating. But I had all of that when I was little so I'd rather, go to California. San Diego your hop skip and a jump from Tijuana and Las Vegas, which I like, you can go to Disney Land. You can go to Los Angeles, you can go to San Francisco. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, well yeah- that's what I was wondering because I'm from Saint Louis. And uh- not from, I'm from upper Florida, I've been working in Saint Louis for the past five, six years. and um up around there anyway, and uh, to me a big city is, I'm trying to get away from. {NW: Laugh} 289: Well I mean, In San-- That Point Loma area, it's a- it's a very residential area, when he built his house there, I think he built it for twenty thousand and um, he's like he's out in the boondocks {NS: Knocking} Now, in Sixty-Nine they appraised his house as small as what it is, and the rooms not very big, it's sixty-five thousand they could give. 289: {X} But- His house is two blocks from a um big food basket grocery store, and their food there is downright cheap, it's ridiculous. Interviewer: Huh. In San Diego? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well uh I've noticed that the further of course the further south you got one railroad, or a truck truck lines and shipping lines that come down, well you know. 289: Well each of the big grocery stores have their own trucks, but it seems like they ought to um, like Here's your main warehouse, okay? And there may may be a bunch of stores only three or four miles away, alright they're saving on their shipments. So that will help pay for the other shipments that have to a go a little bit further. But we have a big mark up in the price because of it a gallon of milk is a dollar ninety-five a gallon here. And one of the girls here just went to I think it was Pittsburgh. Seventy cents cheaper in Pittsburgh, per a gallon of milk. Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} 289: So why should I mean it's not Interviewer: Seventy cents? 289: #1 Seventy cents cheaper. # Interviewer: #2 Well everything has to be brought in so far here I guess. # 289: Well let's put it this way, they got uh Winn Dixie or and Grant's and um, what Key Largo. Marathon. A few more miles, Key West. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And they only come down here about once a week or once every two weeks, so. Interviewer: Huh. The uh- 289: We always getting {D: rooked?} Interviewer: Yeah. Well you know they they can always say, "Well it's such a hassle." {NW} 289: Yeah. Interviewer: How about- Um, what now what do you call that, you know like milk and cheese and stuff like 289: Dairy products. Interviewer: Yeah, was there ever any uh, of that around uh. 289: We used to have our own dairy in Key West years and years ago. Interviewer: Was it uh did they have very many uh animals? {NS} 289: I couldn't tell you because I mean more or less they had enough to take care of the Key West area. But um. I remember seeing the um Adams dairy. Used to have, I remember me and people {X} And I can barely remember seeing, you know one of their milk bottles. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, uh. {X} When I keep flipping back and forth don't worry about it, I'm just marking the ones that I- I know that I- I'm catching all that you're doing so I don't have to re-ask, hopefully I won't have to re-ask. The uh- what do you call a um- A lady, who uh, works uh, in the movies. 289: What usherette? Interviewer: No, who- I mean who performs, who's uh, on- on stage. 289: What kind of work is she supposed to be doing? Interviewer: What is she? 289: Well if it's a burlesque theater, what she could be a, stripper? Interviewer: Well let's say she does legitimate theater. 289: Performer? Actress, comedian. Interviewer: Okay. And- I know it sounds strange, how about uh- 289: I was wondering what kind of theater you meant. Interviewer: Oh no not a Burlesque. How about um. Uh. The person who works for a businessman and takes personal correspondence. 289: Secretary. Interviewer: And uh. Uh a person who goes to a university to study is a what? 289: A college student Interviewer: Okay. And uh- uh- uh, now you have a this is {D: a kinda} in court, uh you have- this is where the court is right? 289: Not in this building. Interviewer: I mean- 289: We have a county courthouse. Interviewer: This is the- this is the town where it's at. 289: Yeah, county seat? Interviewer: Right. How about um. The uh, uh. Who's the, is- who's the main- The guy that presides over the court, who's the guy here? What's his name? 289: He's the judge. I don't know. I think this is Judge uh, Lester. He's county. Judge Pappy. He's county. {NS} There's others but I don't know. Let's put it this way, if I'm not in trouble with the law {NW} forget it. I may I know lawyers and I know some the policemen, sh sheriff. And the sheriff, I know the police captain. And there's some doctors and dentists. You know. But unless I have to know a judge. Forget it {NS} Interviewer: How about, um- um. {NS} A girl's beginning with S, Sally is the nickname, what would you call her? Do you know what that name would be? 289: Sally, an S? {C: Whispered} {NS} #1 No, sorry I don't. # Interviewer: #2 There's a brand name in the store uh, of cakes. # The last part's "Lee." 289: Sara Lee. Interviewer: Okay. And um. If um. The uh. If your father had a brother by the name of William. What would you call him? 289: Uh, that's my father's name, William. Okay it'd be Will, Bill, Billy. Interviewer: Okay but if was your father's brother he'd be your what? 289: My Uncle. Uncle Billy, Uncle Will, Uncle Bill. Interviewer: #1 Okay what if his name was Jonathan? # 289: #2 William. # Interviewer: It'd be what? 289: Uncle John? John Johnny? {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 289: Jonathan? Interviewer: Alright. How about uh, the commander of- uh- of the South during- during the war. 289: Robert E Lee? If he was it, I don't know. Robert E Lee I guess. Interviewer: But he was uh what? His rank. {NS} #1 They call him? # 289: #2 Ker- # Colonel? Robert E Lee general? General? Interviewer: So alright he was a General, he was- so he'd be called what? General- 289: General Robert E Lee, General Lee. Interviewer: Okay. And um. {NS} 289: I know what you was after then. Interviewer: {NW} So wait uh- Now, um. We mentioned earlier right before the tape went out, about the uh, the different names for farm people and um- blacks and whites. How about uh, is there any name that you know of for a racially mixed, uh, either white, black, or Spanish- 289: Mulatto. Interviewer: Okay, any uh. Uh now like, you know. {X} Like, back say like one grandparent, one great grandparent, does it change as the older the generation gets or? 289: No, just mulatto to me. It's always been mulatto. Interviewer: Alright. And um. 289: Uh what do you call them, mixed breeds? Half breeds? Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- in the south particularly, or even here, white people who are not real well- who are very uh- who are not well off at all, I mean just. 289: They're poor. Interviewer: Alright. Any terms for those? 289: Um, the poor. {NS} Interviewer: People uh, a lot of times people in the country you know, just just just scrubbing by 289: #1 Yeah I can't think of what you mean. # Interviewer: #2 Scrubbing a living. Like a Georgian. # 289: {NS} I can't think of anything. Interviewer: Okay, you ever hear one uh. Um. Ever hear the term "Cracker?" 289: Georgia cracker. Interviewer: Yeah. Does that- is that- 289: That's just to me that's just a person that's uh born in Georgia. No. That's Georgia peach. Interviewer: {NW} 289: And they call them crackers I know, "Georgia crackers." Interviewer: But that just has to do with where they're born. 289: Yeah just in the fa- the fact that they was born in the state that state. I guess they have a nick name for Alabama but I can't think of it. Interviewer: How about in Florida? Is there any nickname for? 289: Uh. They call them Floridians, Miami what do they call them? See they got different schools have their own um things so, there's the Bulldogs, there's the Vikings. Mi- Miami's, {X} no. Miami. Miamians? Miamians I guess. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, do you know what a black person might call a poor white man? 289: White trash. {NW} I guess that that's what they'd call. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh, if it's not quite midnight and somebody asked you, what time is it say it's about ten minutes till or something, you knew it was on, you know, knew it was there. And um, uh, but you didn't know exactly, you might say uh. 289: Say it's close to twelve. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Almost midnight. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, if you slip and catch yourself, um um you might say this is a dangerous place, I blank fell. {NS} {X} 289: Slipped and fell? Interviewer: If y- if you caught yourself, you know, you say. 289: Almost fell. Interviewer: Okay. And if uh- if somebody's waiting for you to get ready so's you can go out, uh they might call to you and say uh, "Hey will you be ready soon," you might answer, "I'll be with you in-" 289: A minute. Interviewer: Okay, did you ever put anything in front of "a minute?" 289: No because I'm never late, I'm always on time. Interviewer: Okay, would you ever say I'll be with you in j- in- 289: Just a moment or a few moments few minutes. Interviewer: Okay, if uh, let's say that you're going down to uh, oh, Daytona or some place up the coast, A one A area you knew that you were on the right road. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay, but you weren't sure the distance, you might ask somebody how- 289: How far it was. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- Um. If you want to know how many times in reference to how many times, okay? You might say, "How blank do you go to town?" 289: How often. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, if you agree with- if- now you're agreeing with a friend. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When he says, "I'm not going to do that," Okay? And uh, uh, you'll say- Uh. "Blank am I." 289: Neither am I. Interviewer: Okay. And- and this part- this part of my body is what. 289: What? Your forehead. Interviewer: Alright. I think we got some of these. And this is um. 289: Your hair. Interviewer: And if I had it on my face? 289: Your beard. Or your whiskers, your ears. Interviewer: Alright and then this side? On this side of my body, this would be my? 289: Your ear. Interviewer: Yeah but in reference to the side. 289: Your right ear, left ear Interviewer: Okay. And uh this area here? 289: Mouth. Interviewer: And this. 289: Neck. Interviewer: And this area here? 289: Throat. Interviewer: Now did they ever call that anything- you know like they ever talk about- um- put that down your- 289: I think you can call it your gullet. Put I'm going to shove it down your throat. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. How about um, one of these? 289: Your teeth. Or your tooth. Interviewer: Okay and what they sit in? 289: Mouth. Interviewer: This here. 289: Gum {NW}. Interviewer: To no end {NW} 289: Yes, how many cavities do I have? I don't have any. Interviewer: {NW} How about uh, this area right here? 289: Your palm. Interviewer: Okay and this? 289: Knuckles, fist. Interviewer: Alright, and two of them? 289: Fists Interviewer: Okay. And uh your elbow has a- 289: Joint. Interviewer: Okay. And this area right here? 289: Chest. Interviewer: Okay on a female it'd be called a- 289: Breast. Interviewer: Okay, and this is a- 289: Shoulder. Interviewer: And two of them? 289: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay and this is a- 289: Fingers. Interviewer: Alright but the whole thing? 289: Your hand. Interviewer: Okay and two of them? 289: Your hands. Interviewer: Alright. 289: Okay, it's your feet Interviewer: Well, what about this thing here? 289: Your leg Interviewer: Alright, and, one- feet is a- 289: Foot. Interviewer: Okay. Um. How about uh- the part right here, in- {NS} 289: What, your calf? Interviewer: You say you get kicked in the- 289: Shins. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If um. How about the back part of your thigh you know you might say um. You know like someone- I'm gonna give you an example say you want to talk to about, because this is a hard thing to describe. This back part right here is what I'm talking about, and you talk about doing this they- {NW} {NW} {X} 289: You're squatting. Interviewer: Alright but uh, you ever hear them talk about uh, like a guy getting down behind your head you'd say he's doing what? He had to- {NS} 289: Stoop? Bend? Interviewer: He had to get down on his- 289: Haunches. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard the term um- um- "Hunker down?" or. 289: #1 I don't think- I don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay, um. {NS} The uh. {NS} Alright. If somebody's been sick um for a while and he's up and about now, okay he's okay now, but he still looks kind of- 289: Down in the dumps. Interviewer: Alright, would you say, um- 289: He looks peaked. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh. A person that could lift heavy weights you'd say is- 289: What, muscular? Interviewer: Alright. 289: {X} no. Strength, Interviewer: Yeah if he's- if he's got strength you'd say he's- He's very- 289: Very muscular. He's got plenty of {D: Oomph Power} Interviewer: Okay, he's big and- 289: Strong. Interviewer: Okay, and- and how about a person who is very easy to get along with, you say he's- 289: Easy-going. Interviewer: #1 Okay, how about uh- # 289: #2 Agreeable. # Interviewer: Okay. Um. Some person who always has a smile on his face and never loses his temper, you'd say he's mighty- 289: Happy? No. Interviewer: #1 Let's say- alright- {X} # 289: #2 Easy going. # Interviewer: Okay, how about- how about uh, you might say the same thing about a horse you know, a horse that has a- {NS} 289: Horse {C: Whispered} {NS} Interviewer: He's very good- 289: Natured mannered natured {X} {NS} Interviewer: Um. Uh when a boy is in his teens, I don't know if you were around when your brother was in his teens- 289: Yeah. Interviewer: And he's apt to be all arms and legs, you know they go with that- 289: Clumsy. Interviewer: Right, so you um- at that age he's awfully uh- 289: Clumsy. Interviewer: And, how about a person who keeps doing things that just doesn't make any sense, you might uh, say that he's just a plain- {NS} 289: Keeps doing things that don't make any sense- Interviewer: That makes absolutely no sense at all, you know like- 289: Stupid. Interviewer: Right, and then, how about, someone- you know you know in talking to him you say he is just a plain- 289: Dud? Interviewer: Alright, anything else you might say? 289: Nut? Weird ball, weirdo. Interviewer: Alright, would you ever use the word fool? 289: He's a- well you might say he's a complete ass down this way. Interviewer: Yeah. The word fool, does that- is that uh- relegated to any sex, like if you say- would you say fool about a woman or a man or- 289: Let's put it this way, in talking I don't think you would call, a person that's your friend a fool, might say he did something stupid. Now maybe someone that you don't know you see them doing something foolish and say, "Well he's a fool." Or if you get really mad at someone aggravated you know. And I think if it's a real close associate, you know associated person that you would call a I more or less call somebody on stupid on, T.V. a fool, when you know he does something foolish. Interviewer: Right, okay. How about- how about a person who never spends a cent. 289: He's a tight-wad. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- #1 Uh. # 289: #2 Miser. # Interviewer: Alright, how about um. 289: Scrooge. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. How about uh- How about- {NW} have you- di- now the word "common." Okay. 289: Common. Interviewer: Yeah. Does that- if someone were to come up and say, "you're common," would that be an insult? {NS} 289: I would think it would be all according to where I was and what I was doing. Interviewer: Alright, what now what- 289: I was common in {D: Lawrence???} I'd be like all the other people around me. Interviewer: Okay. 289: You know. And if I don't think if I think they were right then it wouldn't be an insult, but if I think you know, but certain let's put it this way, a few people come in here and they had say I was common like that person I would take it as an insult. Interviewer: Then if you were to hear somebody say, "That girl is very common." #1 Would that mean anything? # 289: #2 Well it's- # Well it's like um {NS} There's so many other people around her that they see that's just like her. {NS} Well you think a like a common person in Key West, a common Key West is supposed to be easy going, friendly. You know, they'll help you out if they can, you know once they get to know you. So that's more or less common commonly expected of a Key Wester. Interviewer: Okay, the- a common person is just- like you say I'm a common man- 289: Yeah. Interviewer: There's nothing- 289: No of course com- well let's put it this way, if a person comes out like that, and then they throw in, "well, yeah compared to Burt Reynolds he's common," you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Yeah. {NS} I can think of other men that's better looking. Interviewer: See uh. And- I'm going to have to back up here a little bit. What uh- the the uh- the thing up there in the uh- um. {NS} Um, trying to {D: skip around a little bit}. {NW} {NS} {NS} {X} How about now, uh if you- if your dishes are all dirty, you say you have to uh, do what to them? 289: Wash them. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do you call a cloth that looks something like that that you might wash them with? 289: Wash cloth. Interviewer: #1 Okay you ever call them- # 289: #2 Dish cloth. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh, and when they're all soapy- 289: Sudsy, full of suds. Interviewer: Yeah and you put them under the water to- 289: Rinse them Interviewer: Okay. And you say- and you're talking about uh- the young lady, does what with the dishes? You know, in the act of rinsing, you'd say she's- 289: She's rinsing them off. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, how about uh one of these things for drying, what would you call that? 289: Dish cloth. Towel, hand t- uh dish towel. Interviewer: Okay. And how about one of things just like this you use for your face? 289: Wash cloth. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, one of those that you use to dry yourself 289: Bath towel. Interviewer: Okay. And what's the thing that the water comes out of uh 289: Faucet. Interviewer: In the kitchen, how- if it's outside is it the same? 289: People can either call it a faucet or a spi- spicket. {NS} Interviewer: Spicket? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Does the spicket- can you have a spicket inside? 289: No, I don't think people do it, they call it inside um a spicket, it's generally outside. When they'd say I'm going up to the spi- spigot, you know they out there working get a drink of water. Interviewer: Oh okay. If uh- {X} if you had a lot of back pressure in a pipe and all the sudden it, shot through and it was too much for the pipe, it went like that you'd say the pipe- 289: It never happens here, what exploded? Um. {NS} It's going to flood the kitchen if it don't- Interviewer: {NW} How- well you know like the line that runs from here to Miami, uh. 289: It um it bust burst. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} How about uh, years ago, those big wooden containers- 289: Barrels. Interviewer: Okay. They still have those around? 289: I'm sure they got them. Interviewer: #1 Just curious. # 289: #2 Somewhere. # Interviewer: Do- do you still have a regular shipping trade that delivers things here by boat? 289: Yeah. They they shipping stuff here. Lot of times from uh the Yucatan Peninsula uh, someone will have a big cargo ship, you know a big uh, freight ship come in. Unload. Uh- I think last year they did a lot of {X} of all things cucumbers. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} 289: Cucumber. Interviewer: {X} 289: And uh, they bring in plantains and all plantains, as far as I know of are not grown in uh, Florida. Not in the United States. Interviewer: What are they? 289: Plantains. They're like a banana, but they're bigger and you have to fry them, you know. Interviewer: Oh, I've never seen any. 289: Oh they're good, go to a Cuban restaurant and tell them you want a order of fried plantains. Interviewer: Okay, {X}. Uh, finding out more about this town everyday {NW}. Hopefully. What- now what do you uh- uh- what- if you had a bottle, like a soda bottle and you want to put something in it, more water say if you were ironing and you need some- some- 289: You wanted to sprinkle it? Interviewer: But uh you wouldn't just- Pour a glass into it you might have to use a- 289: Funnel. Interviewer: Okay, and uh. How about uh- do you know what they used to- years ago, uh large quantities of molasses used to come in? Or lard? 289: Um didn't they come in kegs? Interviewer: #1 They might have. {NW} # 289: #2 I don't know, you're going back too far. # Interviewer: Oh okay. Alright well have you ever seen a keg? 289: Uh-huh, I've seen kegs. Interviewer: Okay. How about, those- what do you call those metal bands that hold like, they go around- 289: Just the band, I don't know what they call them other than that. Interviewer: Okay. #1 How about if you- # 289: #2 Oh what do they call it # Ribbon? {NS} Yeah, I think yeah. I think they call it ribbon. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh uh. A few years ago they used to have hula 289: Hula hoops. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, um. What- when you carry washing on- to hang on a line what do you carry it out in? Or what would you call it? 289: I carry them car- I carry them over my shoulder because that's where I'm putting it, but they take it uh wash baskets, um. {NS} Hamper. Interviewer: Oh- what's the difference between a basket and a hamper? 289: I think a hamper is got a lid on it and the basket just doesn't. Interviewer: Does- now does a hamper look like a basket? 289: A hamper is no. It's um, about this tall most of the time, and it's round or even one side out with a lid on top of it, with some air vents in it. Interviewer: Is it like, tapered? 289: Yeah no not necessarily. {NS} Different companies make them different ways. Interviewer: Oh okay this- you're talking about a commercially made one. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um. I was just curious but you know- 289: Most people in the old days I think just uh, had a big basket or a tub that they would throw them in or just sit them on the floor until they got to load. Interviewer: Okay. Alright uh, years ago when they had buggies and things, do you know what they called- 289: Whip. Interviewer: Okay. And when you buy store- uh, things at the store nowadays uh, what do you uh, what do they put it in? 289: Paper bag, basket, bag. Interviewer: Alright now, um, you know those potatoes sometimes come in fifteen-hundred pound- 289: Sacks. Interviewer: Yeah, do you know what those sacks are made out of? 289: Burlap, some of them are. Interviewer: Alright, anything else? 289: It's made of out uh Corded stuff, things, but I don't know what you call it. Interviewer: Yeah, like fertilizer sometimes is is shipped in the same kind of a bag. {NS} 289: No sack burlap. Interviewer: How about, if you had say a hundred pounds of sugar that come in a what? A real b- you know, a real big- off a ship. {NS} 289: They don't they do that in big bags? Interviewer: Okay, I just wanted to see- have you ever heard of the term like poke? 289: Yeah but I don't have {D: she's not using that much stuff} might hear about poke you have a pick and a poke. Interviewer: Yeah, just the expression. 289: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: Okay, if um. Well, you have a lamp, and uh, the thing inside the lamp- 289: Your light bulb. Interviewer: Burned out you'd have to buy a new one. And uh, did they ever have any mills around here? For grinding things? 289: Grinding coffee. Interviewer: Oh coffee mills? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 289: #2 {X} # I think. Like they had them a few years ago. Interviewer: Did they ever have a name for um, the amount of coffee that you'd take to the mill to be ground at one time? {NS} You ever hear anybody about taking, you know, I'm going to take uh- 289: They'd say sack of beans or- I- I don't know, I don't drink coffee. Interviewer: #1 Okay, I was- maybe you ever heard your grandmother # 289: #2 {X} # No you certainly grind the coffee. {NS} Take it to the mill so can roast the beans of the coffee. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, if- if the person had a wagon, um truck or anything, and and he was carrying things, and the last load was half full would you ever have any- hear anybody refer to that as anything special? "A half full load?" 289: No. No, uh-uh. Can't think of anything. Interviewer: Alright, what's the thing that's in- used in tops of like a good wine bottle? #1 {X} # 289: #2 Cork. # Interviewer: Okay, if you had a- another bottle that didn't have uh- that material there, you know say it had a glass, thing in it. 289: The {D: Canner?} Interviewer: #1 Yeah like- # 289: #2 But I don't know what you would call the lid. # Interviewer: Would you call it a cork? {NS} 289: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 If it was {X} with something else? # 289: Cork is a cork but then again it could because it's- as long as it's sealing it. I don't know of anything else they would call it. You have your the canners you have the tops made to fit into it. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 How about uh- # You know like, you had a glass t- top, or maybe it can be out of wood or something like if it's just- 289: Peg. Interviewer: Yeah, something like that. 289: Might put a peg. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call that um- there's an instrument- uh that's kind of round and shaped things you put between your teeth? 289: Uh, Jew's Harp. Interviewer: Yeah, ever- ever play many of those here? 289: No because the I think the only time- I saw them when I was real little. But I don't think I've seen one since. Interviewer: How about the other kind of instruments about that long- 289: Harmonica? Interviewer: Yeah. #1 They ever call them- # 289: #2 Mouthpieces. # Interviewer: Mouthpiece? 289: Yeah, harmonica, mouth piece, yeah. Interviewer: What else do they call them. 289: No, Jew's Harp mouth harmonica. No that's about it. Interviewer: What's the thing that you pound nails with? 289: Hammer. Interviewer: Okay And- and- did you ever see any wagons with horses or anything when you were young? {NS} Were there ever any, around? Just even for show or anything? 289: They had the Clydesdale horses down here when I was real little. You know, was it Budweiser? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: They brought them down here. I saw those. Interviewer: Would you know what- would you know what you might call a um, um- this- this- I'm going to ask you a few questions about and this is the ones I was telling you about- I didn't tell you about, I mentioned there might be some foreign- 289: #1 Yeah, okay. # Interviewer: #2 Questions. # #1 If you don't know just say you don't know and there's nothing wrong with that. # 289: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Uh, if you have a wagon and two horses, do you know what you'd call the long wooden piece between the horses? Even if you've heard it on T.V. or something. 289: A hitch? Interviewer: Okay, how about um. Um. You know this is just the long wooden piece that comes off the front, okay. How about it if you have a buggy and one horse. Okay you have to back the horse in between two- poles- 289: The only thing I think of might be the spokes but then I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, on a wagon wheel, okay? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: The steel, um, outside part of the wagon, the very outside part that would touch the {X} you know the ground. 289: I know what it is, I mean it's a rim of some kind, made out should only supposed to be made out of metal. Something like that {D: Fort} yeah. {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of the term felly? {NS} 289: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay, if a horse is hitched to a wagon um, you know sometimes they'll have a, you know they have a thing in between them we mentioned- 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and then they'll have uh- a bar- of wood right in front of the horse. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Like when the Clydesdales was here, each one had one in front of them. Those little bars, went right in front of the horse. Do you know what they call them? 289: No because I've never seen it. All I've seen is a hitch post that goes down through the center. And then the harnesses and all that kind of stuff. {NS} That hooks onto the harness, the the big choke thing they wear around their collar type thing. Interviewer: And uh. {NS} The um. {NS} Okay, now um. {NS} If a man had a load of wood in his wagon, and he was driving along, what would you say he's doing with that? {NS} 289: Moving along with his wood? Interviewer: Alright let's say he's uh- #1 Got- he takes- okay. # 289: #2 Hauling his wood? # Interviewer: I want to say, not just wood, or it could be any- 289: Well he's hauling whatever it is he's got. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh um. Suppose there was a log across the road or something out here- anything- telephone pole fell over, something like that. Uh, he might out into the jeep to tie a rope to it. 289: Haul it off, how to pull it. Interviewer: Okay, and if you- if you- pull it off you do what with it? You call that- You say I had- 289: You just haul off the telephone pole. Interviewer: Well you couldn't pick it up you'd have to- 289: You'd have to pull it. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} And um. {NS} Uh. {NS} Saw something here I already got. The uh- {NW} Um, okay how about um. When they go out into the channel, they drop down a line to make the channel deeper what are they doing, they have to- {X} 289: Go out into the channel, drop a line they make it deeper. Interviewer: Yeah, what do you call it when they- 289: They- {NS} #1 A line? To make it deeper?- Drag line goes out and- # Interviewer: #2 Alright well, maybe they don't do that- # #1 What's a drag- # 289: #2 Fix- # Interviewer: What's a drag line do? 289: Drag line scoops down the water and lifts up the load of uh the maw or whatever, and moves it out of the way. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Well they have dredges, that's isn't a dredge, that goes out and finds the rake up, sucks up the gra- dirt through it. And they fill in land that way {X} how they made the beaches. Interviewer: Okay. Alright well now, if uh, you had a drag line- {NS} If you had a drag line. {NW} And- I wasn't expecting that at all. {NW} 289: {D: Wait}. And I hung out the clothes on the line. Ah! Okay. Interviewer: {D: Have you been um}. Someone mentioned the other day you've been expecting some- you've been needing some rain. Probably good that you got it. 289: Yeah we could use it, then we won't have to water the grass. Interviewer: Yeah. How about, uh now, I want to talk about drag, if you did it yesterday you'd say- I- #1 Well say- # 289: #2 Drug. # Interviewer: {X} 289: Drug. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say uh, "We have blank quite a few uh stumps out of here." 289: We have dragged. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, some of these getting principle parts 289: What kind of subjects do you teach? I hope it's not English. Interviewer: Why? 289: Because I'm going to be in a heck of a fix. Interviewer: Well don't worry- no I'm not, again I'm not worried about that. #1 You ought to hear- well you know how I talk. Oh no. # 289: #2 Yeah but just like, I sure as heck don't want to go down to that area to teach. # Interviewer: As a matter of fact I've already applied. 289: Oh my heaven. Interviewer: {NW} No. I really like it here. If I had, somebody offer me a job teaching down here {X}. 289: {NW} Interviewer: {X} {NW} Because no, I'm not uh, worried at all- My family is from Kentucky. 289: Well let's put it this way, considering when I was in school and we had English, and the way it was taught, and the way they're doing it nowadays, We know more than what the uh- ones know now and they should know more than us. Interviewer: Does the language change, do you think the language has changed most here? 289: I think the teachers have become uh, disinterested in their jobs. And I- Their kids are not as well prepared For, the next grade, or for college. When I was in ni- Ever since I was in s- Elemen- I mean- yeah so, my third or fourth grade, we had to read books, read poets, and sh- when I got in seventh or eighth grade it was a lot of literature. Ninth grade Shakespeare. I had Shakespeare ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth grades. And I think the teachers just going on just uh. {NS} When had to learn spelling words we had to learn- how to spell them, where you put the pronunciation, you know marks on them, how to uh- What- a definition of the word you had to write, and how to use it in a sentence, nowadays, huh, you'll be learning how to spell the word I guess the teacher thought you done good. Interviewer: Hmm. How about- now, as I said, you had a chance to, you know, more or less see how you know, your grandmother and your father and your speech patterns, and because and the people in the area community. You think that uh, the language has changed for the most here? Or has it stayed pretty much the same as it different terms in your generation? 289: Well now they get onto that uh thing- now that {D: Dynamite} um you know, T.V. and uh- I think the most ones makes the most influence in their speaking is the television. Because I mean, I've always watched T.V. ever since we got it, and I've learned more from watching it than what maybe my sister has learned. {NS} She's fourteen years younger, than what I am. {NS} And I- you think- see when I was going to school, we used to have a Bible class once a week, if you wanted to go it was your pr- you know, you could go. And we had music. We had what they call music appreciation where you can learn all types of music and how to, you know- Like my family, I would be the one, out of the three of us, that would go to a concert, regardless to whether it was Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, or if it was a ballet or an opera. My brother my brother, forget it. My sister, eh maybe. But see I always learned, and I had music all through school. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: Whereas they hadn't. Interviewer: They uh. {NS} Well- what I was thinking about too, is well now that- you mentioned that the other day too that um, like your brother and your sister talked, you know had different- 289: When- each- they say the first born in the family has the true Conch accent, it's supposed to be broad O's and broad A's, in their words. Whereas the second from then on don't have it. Interviewer: Are you the first? 289: I'm the first born. Interviewer: The um. I was just curious about that because um. Why is that because of um- 289: I couldn't tell you, I really don't know. Interviewer: Tradition or something? Who says that? {NW} 289: The old Conches will say it. Like, when I answer the phone, sometimes they'll think I'm my mother. But they'll definitely know I'm not my sister. And even if I tried to pretend you know to answer like she does, they can still say I'm not Elizabeth. {NS} But see she's been um. She's lived in Cal- she's mar- she lived in California, she lived in Fort Lauderdale. {NS} And all, so she's gotten in with more accents from you know around than what I have. {NS} Because they used to tease me when I was growing up at saying certain words, and I've worked on those words so I try not to say them. Properly. Interviewer: What's that? 289: Cigarette. {NS} {D: Aludamin}, I still say that wrong. And home. They'd say, "what are you saying," I'd have to say "H-O-M-E home." Interviewer: Oh. Now then wh- what was wrong with "cigarette?" 289: They'd say I didn't pronounce it right. Interviewer: Well how'd you say it? 289: Cigarette. Interviewer: Hmm. What about the other one, the big ones they used to make here? 289: Cigars. Interviewer: Yeah, they still make those here? 289: They used to but them- they've uh- He's not there anymore. Right down here on this next block on that corner. One facing this way, they used to be- they used to make their hand- own um Key West hand-rolled cigars. I don't know what's happened. Interviewer: He's- He's not doing it anymore. 289: Hasn't been doing it for a couple of months. And they used to sell and they used to go all over United States and foreign countries those cigars. Interviewer: {X} 289: I don't know. I know they painting up the place but they moved everything out of it and they painting it up and everything. Interviewer: Maybe some younger people will go now. 289: There's a lot of hippies that's taking over. Interviewer: Really? I've been seeing a lot of people walking around streets, you know, at night. 289: Well I tell you, the old Key West people do not go down there {D: on Duvall} street anymore. Interviewer: Really? 289: They've let um. See when Miami- when the hippies came in, Now I mean there's good and bad in all of them, okay but with Miami, if they saw they was going to do nothing they said, There's the county line you got exactly twenty four hours to get out of it so they come down here. So they'll take a job and do it for less money, just to get- maybe buy a meal whereas the people that's been here aren't making it. Interviewer: {NW} 289: Now there's some of them that buy houses and fix them up, but they the ones that's got money and their parents just giving them money saying, you know, go we don't want you. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: So. Interviewer: And there's quite a few students it looks like, you know? 289: Yeah. But my god {NW} the odors. Interviewer: From, oh the- 289: I think they forget how to use the bathroom with a bar of soap. {NS} Interviewer: Well that's not {X}- the house next to you is just condemned, there's no one living- 289: Condemned. There's someone living in there that's not supposed to be living. Interviewer: #1 Oh is that what your- is that what you're referring to, the reason why it smelled? # 289: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Are they um, hippies? 289: No, it's one old man. Cripple. He's lived there- As long as I could ever remember. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, one other thing if a man had a sore throat and says- uh throat was all swollen and he was trying to eat a piece of meat, say he couldn't- 289: Swallow. Interviewer: Say I couldn't swallow- Uh. 289: Throat was raw, couldn't swallow it. Interviewer: Um. Okay it's uh, exactly twelve. 289: Let me go see if they can come {X} {C: Reel cuts off here} Interviewer: {NW} I don't think we ever will. 289: No. {NW} Interviewer: Um. {NS} Um. {NW} {NS} I been jumping around so much getting hard to keep up here now. {NS} {NS} Um, the uh. {NS} {NW} How about uh, what did people- around did the people ever have to uh- what'd they ever use around here to um, have for, you know, fires. I mean did they ever have anything in their house for heat? {NS} 289: Um we used to have kerosene stoves, gas- you know, kerosene stoves. I don't think any- no h- I don't think any house in Key West has ever really had a fireplace. Interviewer: Oh yeah, have you ever seen a fireplace around here? At all? 289: Key West no. Interviewer: Okay have you- 289: Had wood stoves now. But I've never seen one, but I know they've had them. Interviewer: Do they- do they sell wood around here? {NS} 289: Not the kind for stoves no. Or for fireplaces no, uh-uh. Interviewer: Do you know um- uh do you know much about fireplaces? Ever been around? {NS} 289: I've used one once. but that's about it. Interviewer: Okay- 289: Then they have a chimney and they have that, what's it stoke up in there they have to open up?- No the- draft? It's something in it you have to open up to make sure it has the right ventilation. Going up. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- do you know what they call the thing that you lay the wood on? Those metal arms? 289: Grate? I guess you call it grate. #1 Metal- # Interviewer: #2 {X} inside? # 289: No. I know what they look like and all. Interviewer: How about the hard space out in front on the floor, you know, right in front of it? {NS} 289: Nope. {NS} I'm sure I've heard it called something from movies and T.V. but- Interviewer: On the front of an old fashioned stove you ever heard anything? 289: No. Interviewer: Home is where the- 289: Ha- oh the hearth- hearth hearth Should it- H A R Interviewer: How did you say it? 289: Is it hearth? Hearth? Something like that. Interviewer: Okay. 289: {D: You got to certainly know what it is} Interviewer: Whatever you heard. How about the shelf that's above it? 289: Mantle piece. Interviewer: And uh. What do you call the- the- you know if you got a piece of wood about that long- what- what do you call what do you burn in it first? what- what- 289: Burn logs and you're supposed to have- what is it you have paper, then some what wood chips down there or very thin wood or something or other, to get it started, to get the logs going. Because I know you can't set fire to the logs straight off unless you soak them in something. And I don't think you do that. Because you'd smell the house up. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh, what do you call the uh, the black stuff that forms inside the chimney? 289: Soot. Interviewer: Okay. And the other stuff that forms underneath the uh- 289: Ashes. Interviewer: {X} Okay, how about um. {NS} {NS} Speaking of um. {NS} Alright, some- you know like- you know you say you have a s- story and a half but some houses have like two stories and above they- 289: Attic. Interviewer: Okay. They have that, end then um. The uh some- some houses have a little room that's off the kitchen you- now you have one too but some of them's just a little room that you walk in like a locker of some kind of where you put the canned goods? 289: Utility room, most people call them. Interviewer: Yeah, would you ever have just a little room where you might have stored canned goods or something? 289: I know what you're talking about but I think that they have that up north- northern part, I don't know. Interviewer: No one around here that you know of- 289: Store house, a store room. Interviewer: Pantry or- 289: Pantry. Yeah, cellars. {X} Interviewer: So that's a northern right? 289: Yeah that's not here. Interviewer: And no one that you know of here has a pantry. 289: Not that I've heard it called pantry, no not in a long time. I mean you hear it from other w- places. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, when speaking of daily house work you might say after breakfast or something women would do what? {NS} 289: What after breakfast you wash the dishes. Make up the bed. Do the wash. Sweep the house. Interviewer: Okay. You might say uh. Um, yeah- well what would you call you know if you were sweeping the floor what would you, be doing? 289: Sweeping? Interviewer: Okay. And uh, what do you call the thing that you do, you know- 289: Mop? Interviewer: Alright, and the one that you sweep the floor with. 289: Broom. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, years ago, on Monday, you said they did the washing- they used to do the washing and then 289: Ironing. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} On Monday. If- if uh- 289: Not anymore you don't. {NW} Interviewer: If uh- if a door was open and you didn't want it that way what would you tell somebody to do? 289: Close the door. Shut the door. Interviewer: Okay, and uh. How do you say, do you know uh- along- along the roof uh those- 289: The gutter? Interviewer: Yeah that runs the water off, is that what you call it? 289: Gutter, the alley. Interviewer: And what's the alley called 289: The drain. {NS} Most people call it the gutters. Interviewer: Okay, what's now- what- do you call it an alley? 289: You can call it an alley. Interviewer: Now what- how- you know on a house that's got an L shape, you know? You know it's not just a box but it's kind of L shaped, okay? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 And you know where the roof- the roof comes together right there? # 289: #2 Joins together. # Interviewer: Yeah wh- would you have a name for that? Where the roof comes together? {NS} 289: Not as far as I know, it's the roof- the roof. Interviewer: Okay. How about um. Uh. If uh- uh. If you were doing some carpenting, you know- {NS} {C: Knocking at the door} {NS} {C: Reel seems to skip, 289 speaks but is {X} } {X} Not- now- um- I always uh- think that I don't sound, the way I sound. 289: Yeah but with me I sound worse than what I think I sound. {NW} Interviewer: How about uh what do you- now when you have a nail and a hammer what do you call when you're doing that. 289: Hammering. Interviewer: Alright what you call- wh- when you take a nail put in- #1 Punch it- # 289: #2 Pound it into the- # Interviewer: #1 Okay you- # 289: #2 Just called hammering. # Interviewer: #1 Okay- # 289: #2 Nail- nail into the wall. # Interviewer: Okay. And if your ah- if you're in a car and you're doing that- 289: Driving. Interviewer: Okay. If you did it yesterday you say I. 289: I drove yesterday. Interviewer: And you uh, you might say that um, um. Last week uh- George had- Talking about driving. George had, five hundred miles. 289: George had to drive five hundred. Interviewer: #1 Or just using the past. # 289: #2 Or drove five hundred. # Interviewer: Alright but he had- 289: Driven. Interviewer: Okay. And um. Now what do you call a little building, behind the house you use for storing wood or tools or something? 289: Garage. Interviewer: Okay any other names for little- 289: Store room, um. {NS} There's another name for it too. {NS} Can't think of it. Interviewer: Okay, uh, we knew that the- somebody was at the door because we- 289: Heard the knocking. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. Um. If you say uh, you might say and still talking about the word heard, um, if it happens again we will- 289: Will hear. Interviewer: Yeah. And um. Um. {NS} You might say I have uh- I have- 289: Heard. Interviewer: If you ask a person uh- or if I ask if you if you know a person, {X}, um, you might s- uh you might say no, but I- 289: Know of him. Or uh- heard of him. Interviewer: Okay, and um. If a friend- if a friend came back to town, and you and another friend have been visiting, with 'em uh, you might be asked uh, "haven't you seen him yet?" and you might say, "No I-" 289: Haven't. Interviewer: Okay. And you might be asked, "Has your brother seen him yet?" and uh, again you might answer no- 289: Uh- No he ha- no he hasn't. Interviewer: Okay. 289: He hasn't. Interviewer: Alright, uh. {NS} If you've been trying to make up your mind about something uh, would you say "I've been-" uh, you know, what would you say- how would you say- "I've been-" 289: Thinking about it. Interviewer: Okay, and um. {NS} Uh. {NS} If someone uh. {NS} How about- what's some buildings you might find on a farm? 289: #1 The barn. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Oh again? # 289: #2 Barn. # Interviewer: Okay. 289: What else? You have a house. You have the storage room or store bin. You make have a smoke- smoke house you might have on a farm if they have some cattle for their own use Houses, we've got barn. What kind of barn- stables, you might call it. That's all I can think of. House, barn, stables. {NS} Uh, store room. Interviewer: How about a place they might- a place they might store corn, what do they call that? {NS} 289: They call it a bin. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- a store that they might store grain? 289: It's one of those big tall things, what is it a silo? They call it a silo? Interviewer: Okay, uh yeah um, for some places. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: You ever- uh how about- you ever heard of a, like a place not- where they store it but where they process it? 289: Mill? Interviewer: You know like, where they store it before they ship- ship it off to Russia. 289: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 289: No. What a store room, bins, grain- um, silos. Interviewer: What was the other one you {D: told me you said}- 289: Bins? Interviewer: You told me- you said something that started out with a grain. 289: Grain. Store room. Bins. Silos. {NS} Sacks they- don't they- didn't they put it- no they don't. They load them in those- darn trains uh loose, at least what pictures I've seen. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard a term like grain- #1 Granary # 289: #2 Gran- Granary? Yeah. # That's where they goes to process it. The granary. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, do you know what the upper part of a barn is called? #1 # 289: #2 # Interviewer: #1 You know, where they put the- # 289: #2 Yeah. # Hayloft. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 289: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay, and- and you might say that if too much hay has been gathered to get into the barn uh, you know how they keep it outside? 289: They- um- They stack it in um- {NW} big tall things. Interviewer: So you call that a- 289: Hay stack. Interviewer: Okay, and uh do you know uh- again if you don't you know, don't worry about it, um, if you know tell me. {NW} When you- when they first cut hay do you know what they do with it? {NS} 289: I've seen the machines when they cut the hay, it goes through the machines, they turn it into bales. Interviewer: Okay. 289: And they may leave it out on the ground to what, dry out. {D: Right?} Interviewer: Do you know what they- do you know if they- if there's any names for small piles of hay raked up in a field? 289: Other than a hay um loft- no hay, stack that's all I know. Interviewer: Okay. How about um- Where would a person keep the cows? Like when they had the dairy here {D: where would they}- {NS} 289: Cows are kept out in the pasture. Interviewer: Okay, what if they want to get them in- in the shelter? 289: They bring them into the barns. Interviewer: Okay, but do they ever have any- okay. You ever call them anything special? That you know of? Was the dairy here while you were young? 289: I remember people talking about it and I remember seeing the bottles but I don't remember seeing the cows. Interviewer: Okay. 289: I don't know, you just- take- take them out the pasture. Bring 'em in, milk 'em. Turn 'em loose again. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, uh, besides the barn did you ever hear of any special place where they might milk cows outside? 289: {NS} No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, do you know where they keep hogs and uh, pigs? 289: Keep them in a pen. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um- {NW} {NS} Was- is that a shelter or is it open? That you uh- 289: A pen for pigs? Generally it's open to let them slop around the mud and feed them uh lots of slop they feed them. Interviewer: Out of- out of what, {X}- 289: Anything that's left over they're supposed to give them. Interviewer: Okay, but they used to- the thing- you know they carry it out in a slop what? 289: Slop bucket. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- {NW} And uh, then they put the- they put the slop in one of those long- 289: Troughs. Interviewer: Okay. And one would be a what? 289: Trough. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um. {NS} {X} {C: can't hear what he's saying because of the papers turning/flapping} The um. The um. {NS} 289: You going to find out not all Key Westers are so stupid, from watching T.V. Interviewer: Well that's- that's alright, that's what I'm- here to find out. How about uh- um. What type of a uh, um. {NS} {X} Oh what do you call the place around the barn, where the animals might run loose? 289: Barnyard. Interviewer: Okay, and uh do you know anything at all about cotton? 289: I know it grows in the tree and they pick it off, take it through a cotton gin, that's about it, Interviewer: #1 Do you know what they call- # 289: #2 the seeds- # Interviewer: Do you know what they call the grass that grows up in the cotton fields and what they do with it when they don't what it? 289: They hoe it up- hoe it. Interviewer: Okay, you know what cotton grows in? {NS} 289: You know it grows it grows on a, bush. Interviewer: No, what- the area that it's grown in is called a- 289: Cotton patch, cotton field, cotton- Plantation? Interviewer: Okay. And what kind of fences did you have around here? 289: Picket fence. Interviewer: Okay, what they look like? 289: It's generally um, wooden fence, with the tops of them cut, you know like a triangle, you know pointed thing. Interviewer: Okay. And um, the uh. Were there- excuse me where there every any other kind of- fence where the- #1 Where the {X} horizontal, you know? # 289: #2 {D: Mimics} # {D: They'll even fix uh}- the post like they do out on um what is it ranches and they run wire, or they run the boards um cross-wise instead of length- Interviewer: #1 Do you know what they call them? # 289: #2 Yeah up- # {NS} What, spoke fence, wire fence, barb wire. {NS} Nope it's just a fence, just made the wood just put different ways. Interviewer: Okay you ever see any fences that, you know like they have up north, they lay that way looking down from the top? 289: Yeah but I don't know what you call them unless you call them zig-zag. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, any fences made out of stone, did they ever have any around here? 289: Brick fence, block fence, cement fence, no. Interviewer: That they had them you know- like you know- like you know the rocks {X}. 289: They- they take some of these old um. Coral rocks now and they making things- fences with that. They'll put it there and put some cement let it dry and keep building it up. Interviewer: #1 But if you saw a- # 289: #2 But they call it a rock fence or, a # coral fence. Interviewer: Okay. And you said uh, um, the thing that they dig the hole and um- 289: Put the post in? Interviewer: Yeah and three or four of them would be- 289: Post? Interviewer: Okay. #1 And uh- # 289: #2 Yard post. # Interviewer: You said you had chickens did- were the chickens for eating or were they for eggs? Did you use them for anything? 289: The stupid things didn't know what they were supposed to do, they were for our pets. More or less. Interviewer: Oh. 289: We've never had a chicken lay an egg. Interviewer: Oh. #1 Maybe they were all male- # 289: #2 And we never killed them for our own selves. # We'd give them to somebody, you know. After we didn't want them. Interviewer: How about uh, Do you know uh, you know anybody that raised chickens for- to have for eggs? 289: {NS} Yeah lady next door when I was little they used to have some chickens. Let's put it this way, chicken is one of my favorite food, so I might raise it for- for a pet. But I would not kill it. I would not go out and takes its egg and use it. In fact, I won't even touch it. Interviewer: Mm. 289: And I won't touch a duck either. Interviewer: #1 {X}- when they're alive. # 289: #2 And I won't touch a turkey either. # Yeah I mean, I'll eat you know, fried chicken or turkey and things like that but I will not touch the animal while it's alive. Interviewer: Okay. 289: I couldn't raise any animal, period, to kill it, to eat it. I'd go without eating. Interviewer: If you had uh- a real nice tea set, you'd say it be made out of what? 289: China. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard of uh, like you know the reason why I ask this is- you know chickens, this China doesn't seem to have any connection at all? Uh they used to have a- When- like- when you want to make a hen start laying, they used to have a little false egg. 289: The dip? Interviewer: That was white, you know they put it in there it would fool her, she'd sit there and she'd start sitting on that then she'd lay a few more. Do you know what they used to call that egg? 289: Nope. I've never even heard of them doing it. Interviewer: Oh okay. 289: I've heard now they think what um- putting lights in the chicken coops so that they'll think it's daylight and make more eggs. And they suppsoed to put um, music in the um, milkshed- when they making- milking the cows, to make them more content. So give their- I guess give their milk more freely. {NS} Interviewer: I guess that's why they got music in office buildings. 289: Y- It's proven you can work better with music. I can work better and faster with it. Interviewer: Hm, I guess that soothes your, nerves. Okay. Right, what would you use to carry water in? 289: Pail. Bucket. Interviewer: Is there a difference between a pail and a bucket in your mind? 289: No, same thing. Interviewer: Um. How about um, wh- what would a bucket be made out of- wh- what it made out of now? 289: Uh metal or tin. You know aluminum- steel. Interviewer: Okay. 289: I don't know what they make them out of. Interviewer: Did you ever see any uh, old ones that were made out of anything else? 289: Wood. Interviewer: Do you know that- what kind of wood they might be made out of? {NS} 289: No. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, um. {NS} The um. {NS} Seventeen Twenty, trying to keep track- {D: I need to keep track} {X} The um.{NS} Okay, um. You- now we talked about dragging before we, stopped the tape the first time. That's where we, you know we- 289: Drag? Interviewer: You know we were talking about uh- 289: Oh drag lines? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Cranes. Interviewer: Right. Now you might say uh- Uh, now okay that was the last thing we talked about at that point. So, we'll pick up here. {NS} Okay do you know what the farmers do to the ground the first thing in the spring in order to get it ready? 289: I suppose they'll plow it. Interviewer: Okay, do you know what they call the- the next thing they do to make it finer? {NS} 289: I learned it in school. What is it, fallow? No fallow is when they leave the land, what, empty? To let it- I know they plow it up and if they're smart they put some fertilizer in it. And they may grow- if they don't use the land they may grow something in it that won't- they'll benefit- the land will benefit from it, but I don't know what it's called, fallow. Interviewer: Okay, you ever- Uh- 289: Turn the soil over. Interviewer: Yeah you remember call it harrow? 289: I don't think so. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, and you know what the- the wagon wheel was put onto a- 289: The stokes? Interviewer: #1 The stokes? # 289: #2 Yeah after the- # yeah stoke, the thing that sticks out Interviewer: Oh that? #1 Alright how about uh- # 289: #2 Chassis? # Axel? Okay Interviewer: #1 How now uh- the uh- the frame the carpenters use that looks like that what do you call it? # 289: #2 Saw horse. # Interviewer: Okay. And then there's another one that looks like this they use for cutting up logs. Do you know what they, call that? 289: That'll be a sawhorse, of some type I don't know what. Interviewer: How about uh um, in um. You- know in a barber shop I don't know if you're familiar with that at all but you know barber shop they have a leather, thing- 289: Strap. Interviewer: #1 Yeah they- # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Call that to sharpen razors. And uh, there's two ways to straighten your hair: you can comb it or you can- 289: Brush it Interviewer: Okay. And um. Do you know what you call one round that you might put in a revolver? 289: Just a bullet. One round um. One load? Interviewer: Yeah, yeah- a bullet, what's another sort of another, word for bullet? {NS} 289: Bullet. {NS} It's a bullet, period. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- uh you ever- like cart- uh. {NS} You ever heard of the term like uh cart- cart- uh, starting off of the sound cart- I'm not going to give you the whole word. Cart- ? 289: What in, pertaining to a bullet? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: {NS} Interviewer: Cartr- 289: Cartridge. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. 289: That's for a rifle when I think of a cartridge. But then I {X} think of rifles either. Interviewer: Oh, do- very many people around here own guns? 289: I don't know but you go up into- Ta- Tampa and I'll guarantee you- go to my Uncle's house and you'll find all you need. Interviewer: He likes- does he collect them or just- ? 289: Well he's had a lot of trouble up that area a while back with racial things. {NS} So he got his self- between him and his sons they got enough guns to start an army I think. Interviewer: {X} {NW} How about uh- okay, now when you were young, uh. A board that you crossed a sawhorse. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Kid gets on one end and the other end- 289: See-saw. Interviewer: Okay. Now if two kids are doing it you'd say they are- 289: See-sawing. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see a board or plank that would be attached, um, to like stump or another post in the middle where it would go around? 289: Merry-go-round? Interviewer: Yeah where one kid gets on one side- you know it's like a see-saw and it goes around. 289: I've never seen that though. Interviewer: Yeah that you would- you would- if you saw one- 289: It'd still be, if it's going around, it's a merry-go-round of some kind. Interviewer: Okay, how about if there was uh, a board that would be attached, um- It's a little plank like and it's attached at both ends. You know, to something solid, off the ground a little bit, and the kid can get in the middle like a trampoline and can go up and down on it, you ever seen one of those? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay, um. The um. 289: Oh do you mean a balancing bar? Interviewer: No what's- no what's that? #1 Like in gym- ? # 289: #2 Like you'd see in gymnastics. # Interviewer: No this one is lumber. This one moved, jumping up and down is like a trampoline. 289: No I've never seen one of those. Interviewer: Okay what- what about having a tree with two ropes coming down and a board? 289: Swing. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, do they- do you know if anybody around here ever used coal? In their house for heat or anything to cook on or anything? 289: Not as far as I know of. I mean I'm sure they did but I don't remember. Interviewer: Do you know what they might carry it in? In the house you have that little- 289: Think it has a- looks like a pail of some kind, where one side of it's you know scooped like this so like you can scoop it up into the pail easier. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had a woodstove, what would be the thing that runs from the stove, #1 To the chimney. # 289: #2 To the chimney? # Interviewer: To the chimney yeah. 289: I don't know what that's called. Stoke- no. Interviewer: What would you call it? 289: They can't call it a stoke. Chimney pipe, the round thing that goes up into the stove to go out and fit the- Interviewer: Yeah? 289: I don't know. I know what you're talking about but I don't know. Interviewer: You- alright. How about um, uh. {NS} Well alright um, let's see. {X}. How about uh, did you start calling a stove what- ? 289: Stove pipe. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: That thing. Interviewer: Okay, you ever heard of uh- you know what a flue is? 289: I've heard of but not- Just used in movies and things. Interviewer: How about a small vehicle that you use to carry bricks or other heavy things that has one wheel in the front and two handles in the back? 289: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. And how about a portable sharpening stone uh that you could use- you can sharpen machetes with it and- 289: It's a butcher's stone. Or um, {NW}- Uh, we've got one too, but I don't know what it's called- flintstone? No. You just call it a sharpener really. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- uh one that's a big wheel that someone might- 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Crank and- and do big things like hoes and shovels. 289: I know what you mean, but I don't- sharpening- no not sharpening block Interviewer: The sharpening stone fixed on a stand- 289: Yeah and it wheels around, let's you push the pedal. No I can't think of the name for it. Interviewer: Like gri- 289: Gri- Grindstone? Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, say, if you- now you mentioned talking about greasing pans, if you got your hands were all greased, you'd say you were- 289: I was greasy. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, uh, what's the- what's the thing that you put in the, in your automobile? The stuff- 289: Gasoline? Gas? Interviewer: And? 289: Oil. Interviewer: Okay, and uh. Have you ever made a make-shift lamp out of uh- uh- a rag or a bottle or a can you know where you just have, a rag sticking out- like you might just be out fishing or something and, just make a lamp. 289: I was thinking of a molotov cocktail there no. Interviewer: This is with like kerosene or oil or something? 289: No, never Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard the word flambeau 289: Yeah but I always think of it as uh- flambeau is um- {NS} Ice cream they put uh, liquor on it or strawberries on it, with liquor and they put a match to it, let it go up. Interviewer: Okay. How about, what- what- what they use- 289: Flambe. That's not flambe? Flambeau? I had it once because I had it at the Fontainebleau but. {NS} It was um- {NS} Strawberry or Romanov. Flambeau, flambe. I guess it's all kind of how you pronounce it. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: But I know it was ice cream's with it, and liquor. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh, I always just- the only thing I've ever had like that was Cherry's Jubilee- 289: That's it {NW}, Cherry's Jubilee. Interviewer: {NW} 289: Because I had the cherries and my cousin had the strawberry. Hers was- ice cream with strawberries and liquor, but mine was the cherry's jubilee and they came and they- Interviewer: {NW} 289: Didn't like it. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh. Um, what was the inner- the inside of a- of a, uh- Alright, uh tooth- toothpaste comes in a- 289: Tube. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh. The uh, if you just build a boat and you're about to put it in the water you say you're going to- 289: Launch it. Interviewer: Okay, and what kind of a- what kind of a small boat with oars or something like that would you- 289: Dinghy. Interviewer: Dinghy? How about- how about if it was on a fresh-water lake would you call it a dinghy? 289: If it's that small it's a dinghy. Interviewer: How about if it's uh- Okay, how about um. 289: Or a skiff. #1 Some people call it a skiff. # Interviewer: #2 Does it have a flat or round bottom? # Or both? 289: Comes to the you know like that uh, roll V type thing, it's not completely round but it's like that. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use a flat bottom, around here? Would it be too dangerous or what? 289: Well, there's people that have taken that, type, in the bottom and put the flat into it you know, but- I wouldn't use a flat bottom. Interviewer: Okay. How about um. {NS} If a child uh, has just learned to dress himself, and the mother might bring in the clothes and say- And hand them to him and say- 289: Put 'em on. Interviewer: Alright {D: and now we're just doing}- hands it to him and says- 289: Here they are {NW} Interviewer: Or might say- what else would she say? I'm just going to go off- 289: I don't know, Get dressed. Interviewer: Alright. 289: Here's your clothes. Interviewer: Alright, and um. {NS} Okay if a woman wants to uh um- Well what do you wear in the kitchen to keep from getting- 289: Apron. Interviewer: Alright. And uh. How about uh, if a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color she might take along a little square clothe to use as a- 289: swatch 289: One minute they're speaking English then they'll switch to Spanish. Interviewer: Um okay I uh um Yeah uh what I will probably do is I will go back and review all this and check off all the things that you've already said earlier and uh you know try and make sure that I got a you know a complete-- I usually try to get a complete thing if I can. And if it's at all possible 289: yeah Interviewer: uh would uh could you know would you be wanting to try to finish this up tonight? If uh you're here 289: Yeah we'll see as long as you come in after six. Interviewer: yeah well I can {X} 289: When it slows down you know? Interviewer: Yeah I can come any time. 289: Yeah Interviewer: 'Cause uh you were the only person I was going to interview today. Unless a Mr. uh Hicks decides but he's gonna he said he has a moose meeting he's going to 289: {NW} Interviewer: or elks or something 289: You see at nighttime on Thursdays it's kind of slow. Interviewer: Yeah. It's just that- 289: And there is one there is one two there is three of us here. tonight Interviewer: Okay. Well then you would- 289: Then I can get away for a little while. Interviewer: Yeah okay well uh I just wanted to uh I'm going to try and get a complete interview if possible. And I know it's Because I-I-I didn't- I wasn't able to get one from Mr. uh Sawyer because I didn't want you know he's old so uh I didn't want to 289: yeah Interviewer: a lot of these questions are he-he got kind of irritated 289: {NW} {X} If you don't know him Interviewer: Right right. but he you know he didn't understand the gist 289: Yep Interviewer: And uh Mr. Hicks I still have to finish. I'm not even I'm not actually certain I'll be able to finish uh depending on what his attitude is. I got about fifty percent of it. 289: {NW} Interviewer: I got uh little over two hours I think so uh okay 289: You getting it with me Interviewer: Yeah. Um I mean Tonight we can definitely finish it and we should be fine. If uh alright uh let's see If if if a wo- if if you see see going to see a pretty dress that you like you might say that's a very 289: pretty dress. Interviewer: Okay and if you see another one that you like even better you say that's even 289: prettier. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh How 'bout uh again a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color and she takes a long uh a little square of cloth that you 289: It's a swatch. A swatch of cloth. Interviewer: Okay. And a swatch of cloth is uh what? 289: Just a small little piece to try and match the colors Interviewer: okay uh Okay. The um Let me see. Like um you ever watch {D: evo?} 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: What's that guy's name? Junior 289: Samples. Interviewer: Okay would you ever call a swatch a 289: A sample of material Interviewer: Okay. Uh the uh Ah. And what is this? 289: Pen. Interviewer: Okay and uh the thing that they put on uh diapers are attached with 289: Pin Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you have two- if you have one nickel you've got five cents. If you've got two nickels you have 289: A dime. Interviewer: Or? 289: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. And uh In the wintertime sometimes you have to put on 289: {NW} Overcoat. Interviewer: Okay. How 'bout uh if-if-if-if somebody came in and said uh uh and ripped off some buttons. Gave you the button and gave you the coat and said would you 289: Sew them on? Interviewer: Okay. and um What uh wh -wh- what's a What would a man wear to church? {NS} 289: Suit. Interviewer: Okay what uh wh- what would it be made out of? 289: Okay {NS} You have your pants shirt tie coat. Interviewer: Okay how about uh that thing that they might wear between um the coat and uh the shirt 289: Undershirt T-shirt. Interviewer: No between the coat and the shirt. 289: Oh coat Coat and the shirt Interviewer: Yeah they might- 289: the line of it? Interviewer: Well they might hang on it's a little thing sometimes it has buttons and buttons this way. They used to wear 289: Vest Interviewer: okay and uh what's another what's some more terms for the coat? 289: Jacket sports coat coat. Interviewer: How about some names for uh- you mentioned pants {X} 289: Pants slacks jeans dungarees But they wouldn't wear that to church. Interviewer: Well you mention jeans and dungarees uh they say when you buy Levi's you should buy them a size larger because they'll 289: shrink after you wash them. Interviewer: really? And uh And what other type of the The man's denim has the straps? you know the 289: coveralls Interviewer: Okay. You ever uh call them anything else? 289: No um coveralls Overalls. Interviewer: Okay. How about um You might say that coat won't fit this year but last year it 289: {NW} fit. Interviewer: Perfectly. Okay uh And uh i-if-if your uh Sunday clothes wore out you'd have to buy a I'm talking about a 289: new Interviewer: yeah uh talking about a man uh your Sunday clothes wore out you'd have to buy a 289: New suit. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if a person stuffs a lot of things in his pockets it makes them 289: full. {NW} stuffs 'em. Interviewer: keep stuffing- stuffing the pockets. 289: They gonna overflow pretty soon. Interviewer: okay 289: Jam full jam his pockets full. Interviewer: Okay. But uh uh you might say they're 289: Stuffed them Interviewer: No. The pockets are Bul- gonna say it makes the pockets bul- 289: Bulgy {NW} Interviewer: Alright alright 289: Bulge. Interviewer: Okay. And uh How about uh a young wo- a young lady a dresses in front of the mirror for long lengths of time you know and messes with her hair and puts on 289: Primps Interviewer: Okay. And uh that kind of {X} 289: No Just making ourselves I call it making themselves body beautiful. Interviewer: Body beautiful? Okay. 289: Or your putting on your warpaint. Interviewer: that's somebody else said that too. um what would you call a small leather container with a clasp on it that uh some uh well women carry it you know 289: what wallets? Interviewer: No this is- what-what about the one around your 289: Purse? Interviewer: okay uh how about the one for coins that some men carry around? You ever heard that? 289: They call it a coin purse. Interviewer: okay 289: purse Interviewer: Okay and how about not a watch but a um what do you c- what's something that you can wear around a wrist? 289: Bracelet? Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you had some um {NW} little round things that could be made out of beads er um {NS} not uh alright, yeah. Could be metal piece of wood. uh round you know and they were all put together on a piece of string, if you had and you put it around your neck you'd have a 289: necklace. Interviewer: Alright. And what's another way you could refer to that? 289: Chain {NS} Interviewer: Alright 289: necklace. Interviewer: You know, like imitation pearls or something. 289: It- I'd just call it a pearl neckla- a pearl necklace. Or pearls. Call it putting their pearls on. Interviewer: Okay. uh Okay if you had them they're all wooden. you know those little round things. What would you call those? You'd say these are my- this is 289: To me it's a necklace. If it goes around your throat it's a you know necklace. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you hold over you when it rains? 289: {NW} Umbrella. Interviewer: And um what is it that older men use to hold up their pants? 289: Suspenders. Interviewer: Anything else? that you use to call it? 289: {NW} Nope. Not as far as suspenders that's it. Interviewer: Okay. How about- what is the last thing that you put on a bed? 289: {NW} The last th- Interviewer: {NW} When you make it though. 289: When I make it that would be either the bedspread or the spread. {NW} the d- um what is it the quilt. If it's collared just might put the quilt on it straighten up- the- get ready to get back in it Interviewer: Okay. And what's the thing you lay your head on? 289: Pillow. Pillow. Interviewer: You ever hear the bedspread get called anything else around here? 289: Bedspread spread. Coverlet? Yeah coverlet. Some people put on a um Some of the old people just put on a sheet you know use a sheet. So that way you know when they {X} they don't have to mess up the bed. you know pulling the bedspread. Interviewer: what's in the- what's the cano- the uh canopy 289: Canopy. Interviewer: Yeah 289: You mean the thing that goes on top of the bed? Those old fashioned beds? Interviewer: No I think this is called a counter paint or a counter. You ever heard of that? 289: I heard you all mention it but I don't know. Interviewer: Okay and uh {NW} Alright you ever remember any- anything uh uh it's round like a cylinder only it's they got it to go across a double bed at the head in place of a pillow? um 289: What a sham? No. Head pull-up Pillow Pillow rest. {NW} I ju- I don't know any of that Interviewer: Sometimes it goes across the back of a- of a day bed 289: Yeah but I don't know what the name of it is. {NW} To me it's just a piece of foam used as a pillow of some type used as a pillow. Interviewer: Okay you were 289: Backrest. Interviewer: Bolster? 289: Yeah a bolster pillow. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say that bolster didn't go a part-way across the bed. It went 289: Part way wha- All the way. Interviewer: Um {NS} {NW} Uh what would you call a makeshift sleeping place, down on the floor? You know if you had a lot of visitors coming and you didn't have enough room. bed and stuff 289: You sleep on the floor. Pull a- mm Interviewer: Make me a 289: bunk? you know {NW} You take a bunch of blankets or some pillows off the couch and {NS} you know if you have a sectional couch and put 'em together and make a bed out of that Interviewer: okay. you ever heard it called anything else? make me a blank on the floor? 289: No. make me a bed, that's it. Interviewer: okay. Alright if someone said we expect a big yield from that pineapple field this year because the summer was very 289: {NW} rich. Interviewer: Or? Another word for rich? 289: Rich. It's always rich. {NW} Soil's rich. Interviewer: fer- 289: Fertile Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do you call a the flat low land along a stream? 289: The Riverbed. Interviewer: Okay and if they were farming you know along a river or stream like that, what would you call that uh land? people up in the mountains all the time dream of 289: people in the mountains dream of Interviewer: 'cause it's real it's supposed to be real rich. It floods you know and 289: {NW} Dams. No. That {X} Interviewer: Okay. How about um what would you call a low-lying grassland? 289: lowlands. Interviewer: Okay um anything you know just something w-wouldn't grow anything but maybe jus- just grass or something like that {NS} You know like you know like along along a side of the keys it won't grow anything but just grass. 289: {NW} If there's nothing growing along the keys it's just because of the the land's been poor. You know too much lime in the ground won't grow. Interviewer: Okay. How about a um a so this is well a this is more like the Everglades is a what? 289: Everglades is swamp. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Swamplands swamp. Interviewer: Okay listen there's a- do you consid- do you have a lot of swamplands on the keys? 289: I wouldn't say n- I would say no because there's not too many in the keys which we could take you know you think of swamps you think about airboats and uh snakes. And alligators or crocodiles. Interviewer: Are there trees in the swamps? 289: Yeah- no not- they've got you know some areas there's plenty a trees within the swamplands that tall {NW} they call snake grass. Interviewer: uh-huh 289: In the keys, where they building up right now. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah I drove down through uh Okeechobee 289: Yeah. Interviewer: How about a place where salt hay grows? You ever seen this? 289: Salt what? Interviewer: Hay. 289: Hay? Interviewer: You ever heard of that along the shoreline? Okay. Um how about uh what uh what different kinds of soil would you find around here how would you describe it? 289: {NW} you got mall Interviewer: Well now what's that? 289: Mall is the rock Interviewer: oh. {NS} 289: You got black dirt sand Interviewer: now if it's sandy would they how would they describe it th-? would they say it's sandy or? 289: To me it's sandy. {NS} Interviewer: ju- 289: Can't grow very much. Can't grow anything hardly. Interviewer: Okay how about- how about the um uh soil that's uh lo- and it starts off sand starts low 289: {NW} Low. Interviewer: You ever heard of a soil type called loam? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay uh. If uh like you were talking about developing in the everglades if they're getting the water off of the swamps they're 289: they're draining it off. Interviewer: Okay and what do they have to d- what do they have to dig to get the water off? 289: {NW} They dig canals. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what kind of bodies of water can you think of? 289: You got lake oceans seas rivers That's about it isn't it? Seas rivers oceans. Interviewer: Okay how about just a little stream? 289: Yeah stream, brook. uh brook. {X} That's about it. {NW} Interviewer: cripple 289: you mean what is it ripple creek? cripple creek? something like that. Interviewer: okay. and um How about a shallow arm of the sea? You know a tidal stream. you know it's only there when the ocean's tides are in. You ever heard of anything like that? Think you might have something like that around here? 289: {NW} Only there no. {X} sandbars is when the tide goes out. you have those. Interviewer: Okay. 289: that's about it. Interviewer: Alright how about um uh if like they had a really heavy bit of rainfall, and you had like a slope in your yard or something and it cut out a 289: cut out a what a dri- {NS} not a ditch. {NW} An alley type thing. Interviewer: Yeah what would you call that? 289: I honestly don't know. I jus- it's just draining off the land. Interviewer: Okay 289: runni- running-off. sometimes they say running off the land. Interviewer: Okay uh uh wh- what kind of a 289: Hills? Interviewer: No what kind of uh um elevation- well you mentioned mountain earlier. What's the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharp? 289: A cliff? Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NS} down here where the boats unload and the freights unload what do you call that? 289: piers. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 289: Docks. Interviewer: Okay uh. 289: Ramps. Interviewer: Okay Are there any creeks or streams in the keys that you know of? 289: Creaks or streams. No. Not as far as I know of. There is a thing on big pine key {NW} it's filled with s- it's a freshwater pool. you know just by itself it just keeps filling up with fresh water. Interviewer: huh. okay. It must be a spring or something like that. 289: Yeah. {X} You know you swim in salt water you can float and when you try to swim in that you practically sink. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} That's weird. That would be weird for somebody that wasn't expecting it. How about uh {X} In hilly land where there's creeks and stuff and there's been a real heavy rainfall 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: then you got a real deep tread in the soil and what do you call that? when it makes a deep {NS} 289: We don't have that down this way. Interviewer: Okay. And 289: Reservoirs no. Drains off. Flood never flows. Interviewer: Okay. Well how about uh you ever ever go to the mountains? 289: Once. Twice. {NS} Interviewer: Okay well alright on TV then. The old westerns. After a guy would shoot somebody he'd take out his knife and carve a what in the handle of his gun? 289: A notch. Interviewer: Okay. And um uh {NS} What would you call Niagara? Like what would you call a place where large amounts 289: Falls. Niagara Falls? Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever just refer to it as a Okay and what kind of roads did you have here when you were small? 289: Dirt roads. Interviewer: Okay. Any other kind? 289: Call 'em billy goat roads. If you- if you had a- if you got a car. {NW} If you could- some of the roads were so bad that if you could take your new car down the road and come out without it squeaking then you knew you got- you knew you had a good car. They call them billy goat roads. Interviewer: {X} well now what what kind of road is this out here now? 289: {NW} That's a- um paved road Interviewer: Are well what's it ma- do you know what it's made out of? {NW} 289: black tar rock um I forgot what the name of the stuff is they use asphalt it's asphalt? yeah. Interviewer: okay. How about what do you call a little road that goes off the main road just outside of town? 289: main road? street? Interviewer: No. You're driving out say your driving out toward marathon and there's a little you know it's- you know 289: cutoff. Interviewer: okay. how about uh if you're driving down to somebody's house who lives out of town and you have to turn down his own 289: street? Interviewer: yeah but ye- he's the only one who lives on it and he's at the end of it 289: it's a road. private road. Interviewer: okay. it would be his own 289: his own property road. his own property Interviewer: okay. it would probably just go up to his garage so it would be his 289: drive Interviewer: okay. and uh what do you call this thing that you walk on out here? 289: {NW} Sidewalk. Interviewer: okay and what's it made out of? 289: cement. Interviewer: do you have any names for the space between the sidewalk and the street? that's used 289: gutters. Interviewer: okay. that's- that's interesting. how about if you're walking along a road and a dog jumped out at you and scared you what would you reach down and pick up? 289: pick up a rock or a stone. Throw it at him. Stick. Interviewer: Would you ever uh use any other words besides throw? like when you were young would you say I- {NW} 289: No Interviewer: chunked it? 289: No not chunked it no. Interviewer: Fling. flung 289: Flung it flew it. Interviewer: okay if if you uh uh if if you go to somebody's house and he's not there, they might say no he's not 289: at home. Interviewer: okay. and and how do you- what do you- in the morning, what's the- what's the liquid that you usually drink with breakfast? black liquid that some people drink? 289: you mean coffee? Interviewer: okay. how how would- when you're getting ready to prepare some, what would you say? 289: gonna prepare- gonna cook it? Interviewer: wait a minute you're gonna cook some coffee? 289: Make. Interviewer: Okay. and uh um and uh around here now do they have any special terms for drinking it? you can have it two ways. you can have it 289: black wi- Interviewer: or 289: creamed and sugar. Interviewer: okay but you can have it black or 289: {NW} they call it what is it black or white? no. black coffee Interviewer: okay when it's black do they have any special names for it when it's just black like that? 289: No not as far as I know of. See I don't drink coffee. Interviewer: Oh okay. I- I just meant I didn't know if you had something like barefoot or- 289: No. Interviewer: you ever hear anything like that? alright so you can drink it um fill in the blank here 289: black Interviewer: or w- 289: creamed and sugar Interviewer: Alright well talking about cream and sugar if they want it you might say they uh blank sugar or 289: blank sug- what a spoon of sugar? Interviewer: alright no alright I'm gonna say I have a pen here and now this is 289: beside it. Interviewer: or? 289: next to it. Interviewer: or? {NS} 289: Near it Interviewer: Okay. How about um wi- um wh- the word um begins with a w. 289: with it? Interviewer: okay you can have it with it or 289: well with cream or sugar or without. Interviewer: Okay that's all I was trying to get from you. 289: Jeez! for one little word. Interviewer: Ain't that something? how about if if if someone's not going away from you you say he's coming {NW} 289: he's coming to see me. Interviewer: alright if he's not going away from you he's coming he's walking straight 289: to me? Interviewer: yeah to what's another word for 289: towards me. Interviewer: okay and uh if you say someone you had not seen for quite a while uh you might say this morning I 289: {NW} saw Interviewer: okay. and uh if if if you met somebody in town instead of saying I met 'em you might say I ran 289: ran into him. Interviewer: okay and if a child is given the same name that her mother has okay you could say they named the child they named the child blank her mother 289: {NW} after her mother Interviewer: okay and uh 289: they don't do that with girls down this way. Interviewer: oh they don't? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: how about young men? 289: boys they do. yeah 'cause we have three {NW} we have uh my father was senior my brother's junior and his firstborn son's the third. So my family we always name the firstborn son after the father. Interviewer: okay. the um I think uh what I wanna do is we'll {NS} okay. Um let me see alright now If you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him? 289: {NW} Go get him or sic him. Interviewer: okay and uh um if your dog is a mixed breed 289: he's a mongrel. Interviewer: okay 289: or a Heinz fifty seven Interviewer: Heinz? and excuse me uh you might if your dog is a little bit vicious you might warn somebody be careful or he will uh 289: {NW} bite you. Interviewer: okay and if someone {NW} got it the day before you'd say yesterday Johnny got 289: bit yesterday. Interviewer: Okay 289: bit Interviewer: and he say uh {NS} you might say uh my dog 289: will bite. Interviewer: #1 or my dog # 289: #2 has bitten # Interviewer: yeah and okay 289: and he has too Interviewer: oh yeah? {NW} do you live at the end of this street? 289: {NW} so I live in the last block and you'll see a house that has one little lonely coconut tree. {NW} with four big glass windows jalousie windows big wide windows. On the right side. Interviewer: okay the reason why I was just wondering because I have a map that I use uh you know for the I'll send it along with the tapes and mark off where you live so they'll know where I'm at. 289: It's the one two three fourth house on the right side in the last block. Interviewer: okay so it's in the last block on on 289: Flemming. Interviewer: on the right? okay. uh alright in a herd of cattle do you know what they call the male? 289: it's a- p- the bull. Interviewer: okay. and how about uh if you had uh you know you know those animals they use they use to uh work with that look like horses? 289: mules? Interviewer: Yeah if- 289: donkeys? jackasses? Interviewer: right if you had two of them working together what would you call them? 289: mules. Interviewer: okay. 289: I don't think it's proper to say jackasses though. you know the asses? Interviewer: oh. how about uh um not um a baby cow when it's first born it's a what? {NW} 289: {NW} calf. Interviewer: Alright {NW} and uh if if you had a cow with a with the name of daisy expecting a calf you might say daisy is going to 289: {NW} I don't know what they call it fo- not foal. {X} they use that for a cow. a horse is a fo- a foal. {NW} I don't know Interviewer: Okay 289: for a cow. Interviewer: Alright now what would you call the male horse? 289: {NW} What is it stallion? {NW} well a woman is um the mare isn't it? Interviewer: okay. alright. and uh if-if uh if you had if you had a horse you might saddle him up and what? 289: {NW} ride him. Interviewer: okay. and if you did yesterday you'd say you uh 289: rode him. Interviewer: yeah. and uh you might say um uh uh I have never 289: ridden. Interviewer: Okay. and if you couldn't stay on you would fall off okay and but if you were in bed and you rolled over you misjudged the edge of the bed you say 289: I'm still gonna fall off roll off. Interviewer: Okay you roll- well you say you fell 289: {NW} fell off the bed. Interviewer: okay. and uh okay. um you or uh okay wh- what's the game they play with the things on horses' feet? 289: {NW} Horseshoes. Interviewer: okay. and do you know what they attach the horseshoes to? 289: the hooves. Interviewer: okay and one of those is a 289: hoof. Interviewer: okay. and I ask- oh a male sheep is called a 289: {NW} Ram. Interviewer: Okay. And a female sheep? {NS} 289: I can't think of it offhand Interviewer: Ever 289: L- veal? No veal is what you eat. No. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the stuff that grows on their backs? 289: {NW} Say uh wool. Interviewer: Okay. um how about a male hog you know what they call him? 289: No. unless it's a- only thing I can think of is- no boar it's just like a pig with a tusk. uh sow? They call it a sow? that's uh was that the female pig? Sow. Or the baby. Interviewer: uh wh- wh- what would you call a baby pig? 289: {NW} a piglet. Interviewer: okay. 289: So the sow must be the woman. But what they call the man? Interviewer: okay. And uh uh well alright so you got you say you got piglets, sows uh the man, what you call them all together when they're full grown? 289: Pigs? Interviewer: Or 289: Got a herd of pigs. Interviewer: {X} 289: Sties! We call them sties? No, they put them in a st- pig stile. Stile? Something like that. Interviewer: Would you know what would you know what they call a um uh a male pig that's been altered so he won't breed? 289: {NW} He's been castrated. {NW} {X} Interviewer: Okay. uh did they did they have any names for wild hogs on the islands here? I know there's a few in here but I don't know if they ever got down here. 289: No- no not that I know of. Usually you hear- no boars No. Interviewer: Okay 289: Not that I know of. Interviewer: How about uh um the stiff hairs on a dog's neck or a um a hog's neck, any kind of animal's neck when they get mad they stick up they say You know what they call it? 289: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay how about on a brush that you brush your hair with those 289: Bristles? Interviewer: Okay. And uh same word the um you know the noise made by a calf when uh it's being weened? think what they call that. 289: He's mooing. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And uh would you say cows do that? 289: They moo. Interviewer: Okay. How about horses? You know what noise they make? 289: It's like a neigh. Interviewer: Alright, do you know of any other ter- terms? You know any other names for that? 289: {X} Winnie? {X} Interviewer: Yeah that'll Anything else you ever heard? I'm a little uh hyper I guess. {NW} I'll calm down in a minute. 289: I haven't been on a horse since I was around twelve. Interviewer: Well well don't worry about it 289: It whinnies and and they neigh. That's about it, as far as I know. Oh they let out like they breath out of their nose they'll {NW} Interviewer: I guess then 289: breathing through it. Interviewer: Okay. If you had some horses or cows or something like that and it was time it was you know they were hungry, you might say I gotta go out and 289: {NW} feed them. Interviewer: Okay would you ever uh call it feed the what? 289: Feed the what livestock? Feed the stock? Interviewer: Okay How about- now we were talking about you had some ducks and chickens and 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh uh if you were going out to feed them if you're walking birds. You say I'm gonna go out and feed the what? 289: Feed the chickens feed the ducks. Livestock. We wouldn't call them livestock in key west 'cause you can't have them. I mean like you can have If you- police don't get too nosy you can have one as a pet. but I just go out and put it and if he doesn't have enough sense to come out and get it then it's his tough luck. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Uh do you know what they call a um hen that's on a nest of eggs? 289: {NW} She's roosting. Or laying on the eggs to hatch 'em. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard of anything else? 289: No. Hatching the eggs roosting no. That's about it. Interviewer: Okay. uh and the house that they live in? 289: It's a chicken coop. Interviewer: Okay. You ever call it anything else around here? Any special thing? 289: Chicken pens. {NS} {NW} Anything like h- like that that they have here like for pigeons {NW} it's a pigeon coop. Pigeon pen. {NW} holds them all in coops Interviewer: What are what are uh Some of the animals that people have around here? What are the some of the wh- what Like on the island right now, what animals would you expect to find, outside of- 289: {NW} Outside dogs cats you'd find um birds a lot of different types of birds. Parakeets Canaries Parrots {NW} Myna birds. Interviewer: Now these are pets or 289: People have them in their homes as pets. Interviewer: Okay they're not like native birds. 289: No. You see- Oh! You see the cranes out. {NW} And you see the pelicans. {NW} And they call- they're some they call Nigger Geese. Interviewer: What- what- now why do they call them that? 289: They're black. Interviewer: Okay. 289: That's about it. {X} Interviewer: And they're geese? 289: They call 'em geese. Nigger Geese. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay how about uh you say uh are there any wild animals? that would be native to the keys? that you can think of? 289: You can see deers. Interviewer: Now is that the big ones or the 289: that's the small ones. Interviewer: Ones that are about three feet tall? 289: Yeah about that big. {NW} And they're different from uh what you would see other deers. You know you Some deer have white tails. These more less like have little freckles. E- even though they're not young. {NW} They don't get very big I think they weigh maybe about {NW} twenty or thirty pounds that's about it. Of the ones that I've seen. {NS} Interviewer: N- now they uh they have a deer of key is that it? 289: Yeah um that's big pine key. Dur- uh certain area and length of highway they tell you beware of the deer you know crossing {NW} cause if you hit one and you don't stop you know to take care of it to take it to the uh station there and they catch you you can be into a lot of trouble. Interviewer: They're protected pretty well. 289: It's like a wild uh wildlife preserve what now? Oh there're some snakes up in there. Interviewer: Okay well what kind of snakes do you have? 289: {NW} That I couldn't tell you. I know there's some black snakes. {NW} They have chicken snakes. I don't know {NS} Yeah I think the everglades have rattlers in there. But I've never seen 'em. I've seen chicken snakes. But that's about it. Interviewer: What do they look like? 289: They're not too long. A coup- maybe two feet long, they're very skinny. and they have like red markings I think around them. I haven't see one in key west in a long time. {NW} Generally you only have those when you have chicken pens. chicken coop around. Interviewer: Okay. now on the breast part of the chicken, at the back of the breast, There's a little bone that looks like that. 289: Wishbone. Interviewer: Okay. what uh what's the do you know any superstitions involved with that? 289: Yes you break- you supposed to let it dry dry. {X} chicken let the bone dry for a day or two. {NW} then you break it. then whoever has the biggest part gets their wish to come true. {NS} and it doesn't work. Interviewer: Okay. You try it out? 289: Tried it on the chicken and turkeys and it doesn't work Interviewer: Okay. Now do you have stock and and and you do the chores. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: it's time to feed the ch- stock and do the chores, you might say it's what? 289: {NW} No you just go out and do your chores. Feed the livestock. Ten- tend the cattle. Interviewer: Okay. And uh do you know what everybody calls the cows to get them in? 289: Oink oink the pig No cows is moo. Interviewer: To get 'em to come in? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. How about any the calves? 289: {NW} I guess they just try to sound like their mothers or fathers try and get them in. {NW} Interviewer: Okay what about mules or horses to make them turn left or right did you ever hear anything like that? 289: {NW} No. You supposed to with horses you supposed to uh whichever way the reins you know touches the side of neck it's that's a Interviewer: Now now you said the reins. Is that the {NW} 289: The bit that comes through their mouth that has reins that you hold onto your hand. Interviewer: On on horseback? 289: On horseback. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you know any calls to horses to get them to come in from pasture? 289: {NS} No. I guess if it was your pet and your animal you'd just call its name and it come. Interviewer: Okay. How about you were sitting on one and you wanted the horse to get moving? 289: Giddy up. Interviewer: Okay. And if you were riding 'em to get 'em to stop 289: Woah. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh uh, to feed the pigs, how would they get them to come in? 289: {NW} Oh you call them sooey. Interviewer: Okay 289: {X} Interviewer: Uh any um you ever heard anybody call sheep? 289: No. {X} They have a a sheepdog with them. Go out and round them up to call 'em in Interviewer: okay. 289: Or if you've got your main sh- what {NW} your main sheep I think it's a male. So it'd be what like a ram? {NW} They have a bell so if if you had him like a pet you can call him and they'd follow along with him? Interviewer: Okay. There's no sheep in the on the isles that you know of 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. I was just curious I uh the only the only people now the dairy and the slaughterhouse 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: are the only ones that I've been able to locate on the except maybe some horses. Do you know of any other um uh places where they might have had livestock on the island? 289: No. {NW} See we used to have- I know we used to have a salt pond where we got our own salt. You know the only li- mm. {X} Interviewer: you mean drain it off and 289: Mm-hmm and have your salt. In fact where the high school at is at right now used to be one of 'em. Salt pond. Interviewer: After a while you just got all the salt out of them? 289: Mm-hmm. Let the sun dry all the water out of it. Interviewer: Oh. What did they do did they get hard cakes or? 289: Better than that. I just- I just had people talking about it you know. Interviewer: Okay now you said that uh you called the things that when you're sitting on the what about when you're on a wagon the things that you hold uh to drive the horse. 289: Stirrup? No. Be the reins. Interviewer: Okay. And the things you put your feet in? When you're sitting on the back? 289: Stirrups Interviewer: And um If you have two horses do you know what they call the horse on the left when they're driving a team? 289: {NW} Off hand no but if someone said the word I'd know it. But I know- oh {NW} One's a lead horse one I don't know. Lead horse. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh if I slipped on uh on something slimy stuff on the floor or whatever and fell in that direction I'd be falling over 289: backwards. Interviewer: Okay and if I fell the opposite? 289: Forwards. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you went out fishing and you didn't have any luck If you came back in and someone said did you catch anything you might say no blank a one. How would you do that? 289: Not a darn one not a damn one or they weren't biting. Interviewer: Okay. And a schoolboy might say of a scolding teacher why is she blaming me I blank something uh wrong. 289: {NW} I didn't do it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh How about someone apologizes for breaking something of yours that you loaned them? Like a rake or something you know and it wasn't that important and so you might say that's alright I didn't like it 289: {NW} It wasn't of value. Or it wasn't important I can easily get another one. Interviewer: Okay but you might- how about this? That's alright I didn't like it 289: Anyway. Interviewer: Okay. Blank And uh a crying child might say I knew he was eating candy you didn't give me 289: {NW} Any Interviewer: Okay. And uh the how about those in a field those the rivets you know what they call those along you know what a plow makes? 289: {NW} plo- I wanna say plowing the earth the um put the grain feed um seeds in. Interviewer: And the long uh 289: Fur- no, it's not furlough. Furloughs? Interviewer: No. It's close. 289: Mm-mm. {NW} I haven't been on a farm. Interviewer: Okay that's alright. Uh for if and you said 289: No fertilize the ground? #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 No. # You said- what'd you say? 289: Fertile? Interviewer: No okay, fur- 289: Furrow Interviewer: Does that- that sound better? 289: Yeah sounds more like it. Interviewer: Okay. If you if you got all rid of all the brush and trees in the land you'd say what would you say you did? 289: You cleared it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NS} Uh do you know what they do with oats or wheat to uh uh get the separate the shaft and the grain? 289: {NW} They beat it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 289: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Do you know what they call that? 289: Threshing. Interviewer: Okay so you might say the oats 289: Were threshed? Interviewer: Okay. Um Okay. If if if you and another person had got- you know got a job together uh when when you when you told them about it you might say you and 289: {NW} I Interviewer: Okay have a job. {NW} How about um If uh uh if you and another person and the other person is a male, are going over to someone else's house, you'd say blank and blank are coming over. 289: {NW} Me and another person that's a male? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Bob and I. Or Dick and I. Interviewer: Or how about using pronouns? On both cases. 289: Dick and Linda. or Li- Linda and Dick. Interviewer: Okay but like he she or it 289: He I see I say He and I? Interviewer: Well just how would you say it? {X} blank and blank are coming over. 289: {NW} Think Margarette and Dick's coming over or he- Interviewer: Him and me or he and I or 289: He and I- he and I. {NW} are gonna come over. Interviewer: Okay. And uh 289: {NW} It's not proper English. {X} somebody. Interviewer: Well, happens all over. They take all the surveys. maybe- 289: maybe we might- we might change it Interviewer: Okay. How about uh if you knock at the door and someone says who's there and they know your voice. you're at the door, they're not. and they- you can't g- 289: Come on in. Interviewer: Okay. and uh they say who is it and you might say it's 289: It's me. Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh if we're sitting here and someone knocks at the door and uh you're expecting someone and I say who's that? you might say oh it's only 289: Margarette. That's the only one I would expect. Interviewer: Okay now alright if- if it was a girl and you didn't know the name you would say it was only 289: it was only her. Interviewer: Okay and if it was a male? 289: {NW} Him. Interviewer: And if it's a group of people? 289: Them. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Comparing how tall you are, you might say he's not as tall as 289: I. Interviewer: Okay and uh comparing how tall you are again you might say I'm not as 289: Tall as him. Interviewer: Okay. And uh comparing how well you can do something you might say he can do it better than 289: {NW} I. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if a man had been running for two miles and then he had to stop you might say two miles is 289: {NW} His limit. Interviewer: Okay or would you say two miles is all 289: {NW} It's all he can go. Interviewer: Okay would you ever use uh For instance two miles is all the 289: You mean as far as he can go? two miles is as far Interviewer: Alright something like that or two miles is all the 289: Two miles is as far as he could go. That be about it. Interviewer: Okay. 289: {NW} Or that's all enough- when he's got fu- {X} two miles Interviewer: okay. Or two miles is the 289: The limit. Interviewer: Okay. how about uh if something belongs to uh to me you'd say it's 289: belongs to you. Interviewer: Alright so {X} it is 289: yours. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if it belongs to the both of us you'd say it's 289: ours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them? 289: Belongs belongs to them. It's theirs. Interviewer: Okay. and if it belongs to him? 289: Belongs to him. Interviewer: So it's 289: his. Interviewer: Okay and if it belongs to her? 289: Her. Interviewer: Okay so it's so it's 289: hers. Interviewer: And uh when when someone leaves your house, and you know like up north they say blank come again how wou- how do you uh if you want someone to come back 289: Just come back anytime. Interviewer: Okay do you ever use like uh a form of uh- well like people been to visit you and they're about to leave you might say blank come back again. What would you put in the blank? {NS} 289: {NW} It won't- wouldn't be their names. {NW} Down this way I don't think- we just uh if it were someone that we really enjoyed having visit with us we might walk them to the door and say goodnight come again soon. or your welcome to come anytime. if it's a member of the family visiting from away {X} hug 'em and kiss 'em and tell them they're welcome to come any time they want. or our house was their hou- was theirs any time they wanted to come. but more or less {NW} always say like Aunt Ray and Uncle Jim come back any time. But it really have to be someone real close. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say anything like y'all? 289: Y'all come- no. I wouldn't. Interviewer: does people here 289: Not that often would I use y'all. Interviewer: Alright how about just you? You come in? 289: Well yeah. you can come a- you can come again. Come again. {NW} Well let's put it this way if they've been invited to your house then they know they're more than welcome anytime. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. How about if if if if someone if a group you know uh How about uh you if if a group of people, their car you know somebody else's car was out in the road or in the street you might uh you might have to say to them someone's going to run into 289: your car. Interviewer: Okay. and uh asking about people at a party you might say uh you know how would you go about asking you're trying to find out everybody that was at the party so you might say 289: {NW} who was there? Interviewer: okay would you ever use like uh who uh plus a word? 289: who was there? Interviewer: just who was there? okay how about uh when uh when your asking about uh maybe what a preacher said or a speaker of some kind 289: what did he say? what did he speak about? Interviewer: Okay. and uh if no one will look out for them they gonna have to look out for 289: for themselves Interviewer: and if no one will look out for him he has to he better do it 289: Hisself. Interviewer: okay. and {NS} uh when you go in the kitchen and your very thirsty what is it that you get? 289: {NW} knowing me be not a drink of water it would be the juice {NW} iced tea or some kind of soda. Interviewer: okay and you'd put in you might pour it in 289: Glass. Interviewer: okay and uh would you ever call a glass different uh anything different? 289: No. Glass is a glass. Interviewer: If you dropped it on the floor yesterday, what would you say happened to it? 289: I broke it. Interviewer: Okay. and uh you might say last week we had blank fifteen glasses. 289: We broke fifteen glasses. Interviewer: Okay. if um uh and this and uh a- 289: drinking? Interviewer: okay and yesterday you 289: drunk. Interviewer: and uh 289: I will drink. Interviewer: Okay. and uh alright. you might say how much have you 289: Drunk. Interviewer: okay. let me see we sure 289: have drunk a lot. or drank Interviewer: And uh if dinner's on the table and everyone's standing around being very formal all twiddling their thumbs, waiting for someone to call them in and everything 289: You better come and get it. It's on the table. Interviewer: And everyone's standing at the table like this what might you just tell 'em? 289: take your seats. Sit wherever you like. Interviewer: alright just yeah. okay wh- uh how about uh you say uh you might tell well like the act of doing this 289: {NS} you're sitting. Interviewer: Okay now yesterday I 289: sat. Interviewer: Okay and he had 289: sit. Interviewer: Okay. And he will 289: sit. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you want someone not to wait until things are passed at the table 289: Help yourself or boardinghouse reach. {NS} Interviewer: Is that right? 289: or if you gonna wait {NW} you won't get left out Interviewer: Alright and uh you might say after you say help yourself so he went ahead and 289: {NW} helped himself. Interviewer: Okay. since uh since they had already 289: helped themself. Interviewer: okay. And uh if you're at uh somebody you know your friend's house it's a good friend and you're eating there. and they offer you something you're not particularly fond of eating, maybe salad {NW} 289: I just tell them I don't like it or I don't care for it. Interviewer: Okay say okay you say you might okay how about uh if food's been cooked and served a second time you say it's been uh 289: warmed over or warmed up. Interviewer: okay. and if you put food in your mouth you begin to 289: {NW} chew. Interviewer: okay. and uh um did you ever use Indian meal? 289: {NS} No. Interviewer: You know 289: Isn't it ground from corn though? Interviewer: Yeah. it's like- yeah. You know what they make out of that? 289: {NW} uh they make it- I think they use it the same way we would use our flour or our cornmeal something like that I'm not sure but that's what they use it for I think they grind up the meal and make their bread or something like that. Interviewer: you ever heard of anybody taking cornmeal or Indian meal and boiling it with saltwater and eating it that way? just you it- it's 289: I think the Indians do. Interviewer: yeah and it's wa- watery. 289: yeah. Interviewer: you know what they call that? 289: No. I've just seen that from movies and some of the books that we have. Interviewer: okay how about miss Bruce said key west is a fairly drinking town uh do they have any illegal names for illegal whiskey uh yeah 289: lo- moonshine white lightning Interviewer: what else? 289: moonshine white lightning that's about it. that's all I've ever heard of. I don't think they've got it at least if they've got it I've never heard where it- where it's at. Interviewer: Okay there's none that you've ever heard of here? How about have you ever heard of the uh 289: Oh Bathtub Gin. Interviewer: okay. how about homemade beer? you ever heard any names for that? 289: no. I think {NW} Oh I know you make it- no that's gin isn't it? and you make it use potato spuds? Interviewer: {NW} 289: I'm trying to remember. you see 'em I saw a couple movies where they take potatoes and they grind them up and they steam it like in a kettle like they would do um moonshine. Interviewer: yeah. 289: but I don't know what comes out when it comes out. no beer's made from wheat and rye barley. Interviewer: I yeah I don't know. I- 289: I don't know blame the movies. they have 'em that's about all I know Interviewer: How about you ever heard the term splo? 289: No. Interviewer: okay. uh when someone's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nostrils okay and you're in the other room you might say someone just that 289: just smell that. Interviewer: okay. and um you know when you crush uh cane and boil the juice to make 289: sugar. Interviewer: alright before they get- sugar is refined but it's refined from 289: sugar cane. Interviewer: Okay but you know what the intermediate the syrup stuff is? It's usually dark and 289: No. Interviewer: well 289: All I know is sugar comes from sugar cane. {NW} And you can uh take sugar cane and make strips out of it and chew it and get the juice out of it. Interviewer: Alright your hot mol- 289: Malt? Interviewer: Mol- mola- 289: Molasses? Interviewer: Okay. 289: Oh well. Learn something new. Interviewer: Now listen, molasses blank thick. I'm using uh a verb there. 289: No. Molasses blank thick Interviewer: You say that molasses blank thick 289: Blank thick Interviewer: or just 289: Sure is thick? no molasses is thick {NW} Sorry. Interviewer: What was that you said? Molasses 289: Molasses su- sure is thick? Interviewer: Alright. take that- would you say without the sure would you use it would you say it that way? molasses 289: {NW} Molasses is thick? Interviewer: Is that the way you would say that? 289: I wouldn't even say it. {NW} Interviewer: okay. 289: 'Cause the only thing we use molasses is black molasses for when you cooking baked beans. That's the only thing we use it for. Interviewer: Okay. Alright when uh sugar is not prepackaged But weighed you know in huge amounts, 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright you say it's sold in 289: Its sold in th- sold from the sack? Interviewer: yeah when it's sold you know instead of have one two five pound bags you know its small 289: that's the only way I've ever bought it. Interviewer: okay well alright we'll say there's two ways things can come it can come packaged or it can come in 289: barrels or kegs Interviewer: alright do you ever um uh 289: I don't think they package sugar in barrels though. Interviewer: okay. well you know the way they ship it on a ship that's what bul- 289: bulk? Interviewer: yeah but you ever hear anybody say that it's sold in bulk? 289: yeah sold in yeah bulk large quantities of it Interviewer: okay and uh okay if a man has a lot of money um and doesn't have anything to worry about okay uh um or I'm sorry let me get this straight now a man has plenty of money. he doesn't have anything to worry about. 289: right. Interviewer: Okay but life is hard on a man 289: {NW} who doesn't have any. Interviewer: okay. uh, and uh alright and and a man who has money is a 289: millionaire. well-off. well-to-do. Interviewer: okay. r- uh {NW} 289: he's on easy street. Interviewer: Okay bu the opposite kinda man is a when a man has no money you might call him a 289: what's- poor? Interviewer: Okay. okay. how about, um if uh if if if you had an orchard 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and you're- alright you don't have an orchard. you're sitting you own a house next to a guy that owns an orchard. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and uh um a man comes up to you and says do you own that orchard? and the uh {NS} the owner is walking right in front of your house at that time and you would say no I'm just a neighbor and pointing to you s- 289: He owns it. Interviewer: #1 You'd say he's the man- # 289: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 289: #2 # {NW} no he's the owner. or it belongs to him. Interviewer: alright. completing this- what I say. He's the man 289: that owns it. Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh when I- I might say when I was when i was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy the opposite 289: richer? Interviewer: yeah but alright. just complete the sentence. when I was- uh please. when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 289: who's fa- no. his father was poorer? no. richer? Interviewer: Alright I'm just mainly after the- {NS} the uh one element in there that you probably didn't think about. {NS} {NS} how how are you on state capitals? 289: oh gee I haven't had that since I was in seventh grade Interviewer: ah these are easier. {X} Here's here's a couple of them if um so you know {NW} when someone um you know like for gratitude someone says well I much 289: {NW} appreciate it. Interviewer: okay. or how about I much you ever heard anybody use another word there? I much a- 289: I appreciate what you done I much appreciate it. Interviewer: okay how about you might say he wouldn't accept a coat even though he was shivering in the cold because he didn't want to be blank to blank. 289: beholden. Interviewer: Okay. 289: he didn't want to owed you anyth- {NW} owed to you anything. didn't want to owe you a favor or s- Interviewer: okay so he didn't want to be beholden to 289: to you. or to me. Interviewer: or to okay and uh someone asks you about sundown to do some work and you say I got up before sun-up and I blank all the work I'm gonna do. 289: {NW} you done all- I've done all the work I'm gonna do. Interviewer: okay. and uh if you're talking about the fact that so few of your old friends are still alive you might say I spent all week looking for my high school classmates and seems that they're all 289: {NW} gone. Interviewer: {NS} Okay. 289: And my class all of them's been {NW} I think I'm the only one left single so I think they've all been married at least once or twice. Interviewer: once or twice? yeah. yeah. yeah that's uh yeah that's the way it is. I'm gonna try to see some of mine before I go back up. Okay. let's say there was a terrible accident on the road and uh It's really strange when you go back a long time and you think there's a bunch of kids and been married two or three times. 289: they say well half of them tell me that I'm that they wish they were me. and hadn't been. and I say well I really rather have been you and never tried once. Didn't work out. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} um okay say there was a terrible accident up the road. but there was no need to call a doctor because the victim was blank by the time we got there. 289: {NW} He was dead. Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NS} and and in such a situation you you might say he blank to be more careful 289: {NW} he ought to be more careful. he ought to have been more careful. Interviewer: okay. excuse me. and I might say I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you 289: that you won't Interviewer: okay would you ever hear anybody or have you ever heard anybody use dare? and not contracted together? 289: dare not no. not daren't. {NW} Interviewer: daren't. 289: no. Interviewer: is that too 289: {NW} I think that's no I think that's more something that you'd expect people from um what {NW} {NW} I don't know if you call them hillbillies or up in the hills {NW} plus you all is not used down here as much as what people just they think that 'cause you're from the south that you use you all all the time. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 People in Georgia always used to- # And that was- 289: Georgia and Alabama around that way I think they would. Interviewer: {X} 289: But I don't think kids down this way they wouldn't use dare think they would say you uh um chick in the dryer or um you haven't got enough guts. or your mother would get you if you did it. something like that. Interviewer: okay um um okay How about um a boy got a whipping and you might say I'll bet he did something he 289: shouldn't have done. Interviewer: okay. would there be another way you could use a word there instead of shouldn't have? 289: {X} he ought not to have done. Interviewer: yeah. would you ever say oughtn't 289: oughtn't. not oughtn't have. no I think I would say shouldn't have done. Interviewer: Okay. how about uh you knew talking to somebody uh you knew when you first agreed to go that you blank to tell your mother 289: {NW} you were supposed to tell your mother. Interviewer: okay how about using uh which one would you use with you know the ones we've been talking about? 289: that you sh you were supposed to tell your mother. you ought to have told your mother. or you agreed to tell your mother. Interviewer: okay. you aren't doing what you blank to do. 289: what you ought to do or what you should have done. Interviewer: okay. and uh uh someone might was will you do it? and you say no I 289: No I won't {NW} Interviewer: and um uh and when when you get something done that well uh that was hard work and you had to do it all by yourself and and your friend was standing there the whole time and uh uh standing around without helping you say you 289: could have helped or offered to help. Interviewer: okay. and uh another way of showing you might uh okay. suggesting the possibility of being able to do something okay? uh you say I'm not sure but I 289: {NW} think I can. Interviewer: okay. or you or you say if it quits raining by Thursday I blank get the yard work finished. 289: {NW} I will get the yard work done. Interviewer: if- yeah. if but you're saying if it if it quits raining I 289: If it will. quit raining I'll get the work {NW} get the yard done. Interviewer: alright now now just suggesting the possibility though. and not some you know just the possibility not so much that you're going to will it. 289: {NW} If it quits raining by Thursday I'll get the yard done. Interviewer: Okay. would you ever say anything like I might? 289: {NW} Well knowing me working in the yard I might get it done. I'm not too thrilled about the yard. Interviewer: How about uh what kind of a bird is it that can see in the dark has eyes in the front? 289: Owl Interviewer: Do you know of any different kinds? 289: No. just a plain owl. Interviewer: okay. how about the kind of bird that pecks 289: woodpecker? Interviewer: yeah you ever heard any other names for that? any you know natives around here 289: No. {NW] Interviewer: especially blacks that might call it something else? 289: No. to me it's a woodpecker's a woodpecker. Interviewer: okay you ever had any of those out here? 289: {NW} sometimes in the winter I've seen some. come down but that's about it. Interviewer: you ever hear anybody call them peckerwood? 289: yeah. but not on key west. Interviewer: okay would that be up on the mainland? 289: {NW} that would be mostly from in the movies. TV something like that. Interviewer: okay. how about a a grass uh 289: grasshopper? Interviewer: Yeah How about 289: grasshopper um {NS} there's another name I've heard but grasshopper oh like jimmy cricket. Interviewer: yeah well 289: when I was a kid they called them jimmy crickets Interviewer: you ever heard anybody invert that one? 289: what hopper-grass? No. Interviewer: okay. How about uh the black and white animal with a very powerful smell? 289: {NW} skunk Interviewer: okay any other names? 289: yep. was it- peewee? No. pee- it's a skunk. Interviewer: okay if animals you know you said you had something rats or something like that that would constantly get in at your chickens you'd say those are What kind o- 289: Rodents? Interviewer: yeah 289: pest Interviewer: yeah. any other? Var- 289: Varmints. Interviewer: does var- do they ever use varmints here much? 289: not too much. Interviewer: does what what does a varmint mean to you? 289: varmint would be more or less a rat something that would destroy it. {NW} course you could say that uh you could call a fox if you have in your area a varmint. get into your chicken coop and try to do things or your sheep. Interviewer: okay. just something that's a pest? animal that's about it. how about a bushy-tailed animal in the treetops and city streets you know that 289: Porcupine? No porcupine not on city streets. Interviewer: You know they have them in parks. 289: Squirrels? Interviewer: Yeah you ever know what the different colored squirrels you know that- you have any squirrels out here? 289: {NW} we have some. people have as a pet but I don't know whether that I mean I've heard of people having them. Squirrels {NW} you can find some they real small ones up in uh around pine key and the everglades but that's about it. {NS} Interviewer: real small. what color are they do you know? 289: {NW} sort of a pepperish white gray? Black and white? brown and white something like that. Interviewer: you ever heard of any other colored squirrels 289: I've heard of a ring-tail squirrel I think. Interviewer: okay how about um uh any 289: they have- oh they have a a squirrel in the squirrel family that can fly. Interviewer: Not here? 289: Not here. That's from television. Interviewer: Oh. How about something that looks like a squirrel but doesn't have that big fluffy tail and doesn't climb trees. They're found in the same places and parks. They got the little stripes on their back and. 289: Possums? Interviewer: #1 No they- # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: they look just like a little squirrel but they don't have that big tail. 289: looks like a squirrel but doesn't have a big tail. Nope. Ch- Chipmunks? No. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: I haven't seen one of them. Except you know Interviewer: In uh 289: travel things. Interviewer: Alright what kind of fish can people get around here? 289: ah. Interviewer: now we're getting back {NW} 289: Fish I know. okay grunts, yellowtail, snappers, muttonfish, jew fish, kingfish, groupers, uh dolphin, marlin swordfish have uh blowfish have uh what they call a porgy fish Interviewer: Do you get a chance to fish much here? 289: when my father was alive when he had a boat we would go out. and then my brother-in-law he had his boat and we would go out. but now catching fish you have to go further and further out all the time. Interviewer: is it getting that bad? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: why is that? is it just- 289: thing people is- it's just so many people doing it I think Interviewer: It's not like pollution or something is it? 289: {NW} No I think they're- mean we're not the best on being you know about polluting the water {NW} but compared to other places when I've seen when I travel we're not that bad. Interviewer: okay. how about uh the things that pearls grow in? 289: {NW} oysters. Interviewer: alright you ever get any of those around here? 289: hmm. oyst- well we don't get the shell oysters we get them you know already packaged in the can {NW} get oysters now. {NW} oysters is good. {NW} and lobsters. crawfish. we don't call them lobsters. {NW} they call them either crawfish or langouste. Interviewer: longous- now that's like the 289: It's like a Maine lobster except we don't have the biters. {NW} and our lobsters are supposed to be a sweeter meat to them. Interviewer: Now you call them crawfish even though they're not like the you know those ones that those little bitty ones that they got in those freshwater streams on the mainland. they look like 289: No they're crayfish aren't they? Interviewer: yeah. 289: uh-huh that's up around New Orleans. Interviewer: okay. How about the little fantail uh sometimes th- they used to use them for bait but I think they're too expensive now. 289: Mullets? Interviewer: no the the ones they catch them at night. 289: shrimp? Interviewer: yeah. n- 289: we wouldn't use them as bait not in my family. We use them to eat. Interviewer: Right. How about if you had four or five of them you'd say those are 289: just some shrimp. Interviewer: okay. and one of them. okay. 289: Shrimp. Interviewer: and uh 289: try turtle steak. Interviewer: what how is- have you I mean the 289: you can't get it right now. they've outlawed the um catching of turtle steak. because it was killing {NW} they're not supposed to kill them anymore. they've outlawed it. Interviewer: that's now these are the hardshell the water ones? 289: the green turtles that come down from the {NW} tortugas or the baha- um honduras bush honduras. bring them in here they used to slaughter them here and ship them out. {NW} now that's good. Interviewer: how about um the type that looks like the sea thing the turtle in the ocean but uh they're on land. 289: Right gopher? Interviewer: yeah they have any of those in the keys? 289: yes you can find those. Interviewer: uh the uh mark this so I don't forget the um {NW} ever hear those called anything else? 289: Gophers. No land turtles. Interviewer: Okay how about the things that people use in freshwater to go fishing with? dig them out of the ground. 289: worms? Interviewer: yeah you ever hear them called anything else? 289: No. {X} you wouldn't I haven't ever heard of anyone using worms down here. Interviewer: okay how about the thing that uh- Interviewer: uh uh that might be one reason why we got along so well. 289: oh ms Bruce is very easy to get along with. Interviewer: oh yeah. she is. {NW} okay now let's get through these. something else. uh and then we'll get off the ledger {X} How about uh wh- those animals that croak in the marshes? 289: croak uh bullfrog or a frog. or a toad. Interviewer: now is there- are a toad and frog the same? {NW} 289: yeah as far as I'm concerned. {C: sound cut out towards beginning?} just another name for them. {C: cut out name} Interviewer: okay uh the 289: #1 Like # Interviewer: #2 how # 289: sometimes they call a mushroom a toad too {C: cut out shroom} Interviewer: like a toad, okay. how about those little frogs that uh you just hear them in the springtime? 289: just bull- -ullfrogs. around here when there's not enough rain you'll hear them get out here making their racket. {C: cut out there's racket} Interviewer: okay. how about uh uh these are insects now the the thing that flies around a light and tries to fly into and when you grab onto it it looks like a butterfly with powdery wings 289: termites {C: cut out mites} flying uh ants? Interviewer: no these look a little like butterflies. 289: {NW} Interviewer: you know the in the 289: flying roaches? Interviewer: no I hope not. {X} 289: Well I mean- {C: cut out mean} they've got flying roaches that fly up. {C: cut out roaches} and the other thing I see going {C: cut out going} through the to the light {C: cut out through/through up} think are fireflies. {C: cut out think} Interviewer: now what's a firefly? Firefly? 289: They uh light up {X} front ends one of the ends. They have light like in them. {C: cut out they} Interviewer: do they have those out here? 289: I've seen them, but not not for a long time. {C: cut out them long time} Interviewer: not for uh- how about uh you know the things they get into your house and they eating all the clothes and they 289: Termites? Interviewer: well they can get into your wool clothes. {X} 289: Moths? Interviewer: yeah. you ever got many of those out here? 289: once in a while you'll see one. Not two. Interviewer: you just had one that would be a 289: moth. Interviewer: okay. {NW} and uh how about uh I just saw one today, I know they're here. {NW} uh it's a long, thin-bodied thing, and it's got two wings on either side. okay? and they're about that- the wingspread's about that wide. 289: what butterfly? {C: cut out what} Interviewer: #1 No no. # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: They got the wings that are transparent and they hover. and a lot of times they'll get on a clothesline and just sit there. like that and uh that's a long thin-bodied insect with a little beak and two pairs of shiny wings and hovers around damp places and eats it's own weight. uh 289: you got me. Interviewer: how about uh what kind what kind of insects do you have around here? 289: mosquitoes? Interviewer: okay no what this thing just lives off of eating these. 289: what li- not lizards. {C: cut out lizards} Interviewer: #1 No it's an insect that flies around. # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: some people say that uh when you see these they're a sign that snakes are nearby. 289: I wouldn't know. {C: cut out wouldn't know} Interviewer: okay, how about a dra- right 289: dragonfly? Interviewer: yeah. 289: I always think of that as being related to Japan. China. over that way, not here. Interviewer: You never seen that? {X} 289: Oh they big things! Interviewer: yeah. 289: they're real long and yeah I've seen them. but not for a long time. Interviewer: I just happened to see one today. 289: well you in the wrong neighborhood. {C: were?} Interviewer: Yeah I was over by the uh what's that place? uh {X} 289: oh. Interviewer: drove on out there and stopped they were out there at about one, that's why I knew they were out there. 289: I haven't seen one in years. {C: cut off one in} I don't go looking for 'em. {C: cut off for 'em} Interviewer: yeah okay. yeah okay. uh you ever heard those called anything else? besides dragonflies? 289: no. Interviewer: mosquito? 289: well it's just a big mosquito to us. mosquito of some kind. Interviewer: okay. How about uh stinging insects? 289: bees. Interviewer: yeah like that. what el- what else can you have {NS} the ones that build 289: wasp. Interviewer: alright and if you have more than one wasp you have 289: a hive? Interviewer: okay well if you got one wasp and one wasp, you got two 289: t- wasps. {C: cut off second half of wasps} Interviewer: okay. and uh and how bout how about um the uh the type that builds its nest in the ground they'll swarm over ya. they'll yellow and black striped my old high school mascot. Georgia Tech's mascot. 289: Georgia Tech? the only thing I think of us- is uh horses, Donkeys, and things like that. {C: cut off and things} Geor- I don't even know. Interviewer: #1 {D: not the yellow jackets?} # 289: #2 Not Georgia Tech. # Interviewer: yellow jacket. you ever heard of a yellow jacket? 289: No, not really. Interviewer: Okay. how about uh small insects that can burrow into your skin when you're walking through the weeds? 289: Oh. ringworms. I don't know if you get them that way. ringworms. Interviewer: alright these some of these you can just get in your yard it just #1 little things they may itch. and uh, and um # 289: #2 worms. pinworms. # Interviewer: you know up north they say you can get it from moss? 289: oh red ants! we get it from you mean the moss you hang from the tree? Interviewer: yeah these not red ants but they're red go on. they're like this- okay I I don't do you have anything out here like that do you go out in the weeds or something you get these bites all over your legs? 289: n- no it'd be sandfly bites or mosquito bites. Interviewer: anything else? 289: yeah a snake bite if you're not lucky. but that's about it. Interviewer: #1 okay. # 289: #2 sandflies. # but they don't bite, I don't think. Interviewer: okay how about uh an insect uh another kind of stinging insect that that builds the big paper nests you know they they make 'em out of uh 289: Hornet. Interviewer: Do you ever do you ever have any of those out here? 289: to me anything that stings you is a bee of some kind. Interviewer: okay. and uh, what would you use to go fishing with? 289: with me? a handline. Interviewer: what would you use for bait? the small fish. 289: small what you want, a shrimp? some people use squid I prefer mullet Interviewer: well what a um a very small fish that you would use for bait? you say I'm gonna go buy some 289: they look like they got a little pointed nose? on the front Interviewer: yeah. what do you call those? 289: not ballyhoo. my brother in u- law used them for trawling, but I don't know what they are. {X} Interviewer: you ever you know like minnows? you ever use those out here? 289: not I haven't. Interviewer: Shiners? 289: Shiners. I've heard shi- I've Interviewer: #1 is that a mainland thing? # 289: #2 heard of people # think so, not. I wouldn't mostly key west people if they are key west people use mullet. 'cause mullet will stay on your line a whole lot longer the fish is gonna have a harder a harder time getting the mullet off the line as what he would used to if you use shrimp one bite and he's got it. and squid is something similar to like shrimp it comes apart kinda easy Interviewer: is it a better bait though? 289: mullet to me is the best. Interviewer: I see- i go out to the pier and I see them using the nets to get the bait 289: yeah the shiners. you know the little thing. Interviewer: is that is that what they call them is shiners? 289: I don't know what they call it. But it's so they can {C: cut out but it's} Interviewer: I mean didn't you just said shiners I was wondering #1 Is that- # 289: #2 yeah. Shiners. # that's about the only thing I know that they would do we just say they're catching their bait. their little fish Interviewer: okay. how about those little w- uh those things you find in the corner uh of a house or something when it's h- 289: Cobwebs? Interviewer: and uh if you see one out in a tree it's all 289: the spider uh it's a web. Interviewer: okay is there a difference between a cobweb and a and one that's outside? 289: think it's just a different no they the ones in the house you can get down easier than the ones in the yard. I think the ones that's made by the b- the insect out in the yard is you know, sturdier. the inside and the one on the inside has big long legs growing out with a little teeny body. like a pinhead body with longer legs. growing out. Interviewer: okay. how about the part of a tree underneath the ground it's called the 289: roots. Interviewer: do you know of any uh native uh oh medicines or anything made from roots? that people do? 289: not from roots but I know the aloe tree. we got a lot of 'em around here. They use that. Interviewer: Aloe vera? 289: Yeah. It's it grows up It almost looks like a cactus of some- some kind. And you strip it off and then you le- strip out layers. #1 You use it. # Interviewer: #2 You use it. # For what? 289: It's good for your skin. My grandmother used it one time when her feet used to swell up all the time, she'd take the strips out of the jar and she'd wrap them around her an- uh her foot and wrap it up afterwards with you know gauze or something. Interviewer: Huh. 289: and the aloe lotion is good for uh burns, you know if it's mixed right with the right ingredients it's good for if you get burned. it's it's real good for your skin. Interviewer: yeah I've seen the small ones. do they have big ones here? 289: mm-hmm. {X} My grandma used to have a big one set out like this in the backyard. {C: cut out big one} Interviewer: four or five or three feet across? 289: yeah. and I see that key west fragrance place uses aloe. Most of all their products. and the sun tan lotion and you can buy the eye cream, all that kind of stuff Interviewer: mm-hmm. 289: has aloe, about eighty percent aloe in it. and it can heal it fast, it can heal you. Interviewer: hmm. okay how about uh um The kind of tree that you would tap for syrup up north 289: ma- uh what, a maple tree? Interviewer: okay. and what would you call a place where there is a lot of maple growing? that they're using for syrup. would you know? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about the kind of tree with a oh in the bible, the tree that Zach uh Zach Zachias climbed up 289: {NW} Interviewer: Nobody's taller, he climbed up when Jesus was walking by. He climbed up a- 289: The only thing I could think about climbing would be a palm tree? Interviewer: Okay this is the big tree that it has the The bark just peels of in great big hunks. It's a northern tree. a sy- 289: Sequoia? No. Interviewer: Syca- 289: Sycamore. Interviewer: okay. How about now what what what are the most common What are the trees here? have you have we talked about that? 289: Palm trees. Ponciano trees. Poinsettia trees. Orchid trees. Now these aren't the little orchids that you're thinking of. You know, for bouquets. Big Orchids. We have a what they call it an autograph tree. in the backyard. here. Interviewer: what's that like? 289: they used it in olden days for smuggling, you know when they wanted to get out a message? {NW} you can write on the leaf, and it'll keep the writing on it. and people would just sneak it into their luggage or hide it somewhere. take out messages you know like up to the north or the south like that. we have Spanish lime trees. soursap trees, guava trees, avocados, mangoes um pi- no, sugar apple trees. Interviewer: Any kind of hardwoods? 289: They have some pine trees oh no that's soft pine. Uh I don't think they have anything that's real hardwood anymore. Interviewer: okay. What about the kind of tree that George Washington's supposed to cut down? 289: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Any of those around? 289: Yes. Maybe not that type of cherry but they got them. Interviewer: Okay uh up on the mainland they might say uh um don't go out in the woods because you might get so- you might brush you might against some what's- 289: Poison Ivy Interviewer: And what's the other one? There's poison ivy and there's- 289: Poison Oak. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Then there's another one. # Poison su- 289: Poison Ivy poison oak that's about it. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 289: #2 that I know of # Interviewer: did did you ever hear of a bush that grows along fences and roads north uh and and and uh the leaves turn bright red real bright red early and it has small clusters of berries or {D: bobs} and the they're used by old people in tanning leather. 289: I've heard it but I don't know what the word is. Interviewer: su- sum- 289: cinnamon? Interviewer: sumac. you ever hear of suma- sumac? 289: sumac the only way I he- ever heard of sumac is Yma Sumac. Peru- Peruvian singer they used to have here. Interviewer: how about uh what huh? {NW} a singer? 289: she had I think a eight octave range, she had more octave range than anyone else. Interviewer: eight octaves! 289: I remember that when I was a little girl they had a l- uh reruns on television and she'd be singing almost like bass and jump up all the way up A above high A. and go Interviewer: that's almost incomprehensible. Eight octaves! 289: I know she had m- I think it was seven or eight. she had more than any other one at that time had. Interviewer: mercy. are there any- um berries growing here? 289: berries {C: quiet} no. Interviewer: what kind of berries can you name/ just any 289: what strawberries? Interviewer: {X} 289: #1 Raspberries # Interviewer: #2 alright # 289: gooseberries {NS} Raspberries {NS} berries. Interviewer: okay like you might say in the woods some berries are 289: #1 wild berries # Interviewer: #2 are are # are good and what you got to be careful because some of them might be 289: poisonous. Interviewer: okay and um up north there's a great big tree that has big- this is in Florida now north central Florida it's- probably find some around Disney World and they have big white flowers and big shiny leaves very smelly and they- 289: Magnolias? Interviewer: okay. and um they don't grow too much further south than that. 289: No. In fact I haven't even seen a magnolia in oh yes I did they have one in and uh Interviewer: okay if a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she says I must ask 289: my husband Interviewer: and if uh a man and the man doesn't want to make up his 289: I have to ask my wife Interviewer: okay. and a woman who's lost her husband is called a 289: a widow Interviewer: okay. and {NS} uh uh eh sons and daughters are called your 289: children. Interviewer: okay. and how about any pet names for children, small kids. 289: small kids. that's my daughter or my pet that's my my daughter? my pet? Interviewer: you know just you know the uh you know the little 289: #1 {D: Peck's bad boy?} # Interviewer: #2 A cute little # 289: cute little kid? Interviewer: okay. and uh uh how about uh something with wheels on it put the baby in, the baby can lay 289: buggy or carriage Interviewer: okay and if you put the baby in the carriage you go out and 289: walk. Interviewer: yeah. okay. and um {NW} how about if you were t- talking about a range in children's ages you would say um you've got say you've got three children. Sally's twenty um see Nelly's sixteen and bill's fourteen. okay? You'd say sally is the 289: oldest. Interviewer: okay. and uh uh I forget the names. 289: {X} the youngest. Interviewer: okay. and if you just had two you'd say um uh say 289: well the girl Interviewer: one is the 289: My son is the youngest my daughter is the oldest or Sally's the oldest Interviewer: okay how about would you ever speak in terms of being grown up? like uh um he is the most 289: i think you'd say he's more mature more grown up. Interviewer: okay. someone might say Betty is our youngest 289: child? Interviewer: or sense it's a girl 289: daughter Interviewer: okay and um uh children are boys and 289: girls Interviewer: now if a woman's going to have a child does you say she's 289: pregnant Interviewer: okay. any other local terms? 289: swallowed a watermelon seed. Interviewer: {NW} 289: Now she's pregnant, she's carrying that's about it. Interviewer: okay. and if they don't have a doctor to delivery the baby 289: #1 midwife. # Interviewer: #2 woman # okay. any of those they still have those here? 289: {NW} i don't know. I know I w- when I was born um my mother had a midwife. and so was my brother. but I think after my s- my sister came you know that's when the hospitals really started doing it. Interviewer: if okay a boy and his father have the same appearance. you say the boy- what? 289: looks like his father. Interviewer: okay. uh {NS} okay. and uh uh if a mother has looked after three children 'til they're completely grown up you say she has blank three children. 289: raised. Interviewer: okay. and uh yeah to a naughty child you say you're going to get a 289: Spanking. Interviewer: okay. how about uh a grown up man talking to another grown up man who's uh one that's uh ticked off the other one pretty bad he says you're going to get a 289: sock. or a punch. {D: sheltered} Interviewer: okay. you never w- you never say the same thing to a child as you would to an adult, would you? 289: well my n- my youngest nephew that's living with us he watches you know TV and all Interviewer: #1 uh what did you # 289: #2 Playing I- # My youngest nephew. Interviewer: oh. 289: living with us. sometimes if he doesn't watch it then he's gonna get a knuckle sandwich. cause he likes uh sanford and son and chico Interviewer: Oh. okay. 289: {X} Interviewer: That's where they say that? 289: on sanford and son they says you can get this a knuckle. Interviewer: {NW} 289: How would you like these five? Interviewer: That's- oh okay. that's the one with the 289: #1 red fox. # Interviewer: #2 red fox. yeah. # okay. alright a child that isn't a child that's born to an unmarried woman is a what? 289: illegitimate Interviewer: okay. are there any local names for children like that? 289: no. illegitimate's about it. Interviewer: okay Alright you might say Jane is a loving child but Peggy is a lot 289: more loving? Interviewer: okay would you ever use uh without the more? 289: more loving. no i think I would always use the more loving. Interviewer: okay. what would it sound like if you didn't use the more. as a compari- 289: loving? she's more loving. Interviewer: alright. peggy is a loving child but uh sally is a lot more uh sally 289: {NW} see you put the more in! you can't leave the more out. Interviewer: {X} would you ever have you ever heard anybody {D: compare their own} someone uh like loving 289: no. the- more or less you'll hear them say one's more outgoing than the other. or one's more a- the uh- you know at home domestic one. and the other one's gotta be on the go. Interviewer: okay. now you say we talk about what would a child that's lost his parents 289: it's an orphan. Interviewer: okay. and uh the person appointed to look after the orphan is called it's 289: guardian. Interviewer: okay. uh uh you might say yes she has the same family name and looks a bit like me but actually 289: she's adopted. Interviewer: alright but talking about you're not really she uh you know you're not really of the same family you'd say but actually 289: she looks like me but she's not mine resemblance? Interviewer: say uh yes she has the same family name and looks a bit like me but actually 289: she's not {NW} Interviewer: she's not my 289: relative or rela- or not related Interviewer: okay. she's n- alright she's no 289: no relation. Interviewer: okay. and uh someone like me who comes into town never seen him before 289: you're a stranger Interviewer: okay. and uh any local terms for stranger? 289: outsider. um if they know where you're at or if they know a nickname from where you're at they might call you that. {NS} generally they say you're a newcomer. Interviewer: okay. alright how about a real common name for a girl beginning with M? 289: Mary. Interviewer: okay. and George Washington's Wife? 289: Martha Interviewer: okay. and how about a nickname for Helen, beggining with N? 289: Nancy? No. Interviewer: #1 Wait until the sun shines # 289: #2 N? # Nelly. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh the first uh um blank mark luke and john 289: Matthew? Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh what do you call a woman who conducts school? 289: who con- teacher? Interviewer: yeah. okay would you- how about any uh old fashioned names? 289: the old maid. No. {NS} they got 'em but I can't think of what it is. Interviewer: a school- 289: Schoolmarm. Interviewer: something like that? okay. you ever heard grandmother talk anything like that? okay. how about we'll tak about movies now. You know that guy that does the westerns walks around says yup a lot and uh his first name is gary? 289: Gary Cooper. Interviewer: alright now if he had a wife she her- she'd be 289: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: okay. and um uh you might go up and say hello what? 289: well if i want his autograph and and if I didn't think he was in a good mood I'd say may I have your autograph Mr. Cooper. Interviewer: Alright. now if you're just if you wanted to talk to her you'd say hello 289: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: okay. alright how about a person who doesn't really know his trade real well okay? but he may just to get by. okay? Like you know a carpenter or a preacher something like that. and uh well let's say a preacher that's not really trained, doesn't have a regular pulpit. Teaches on sunday here and there, but makes his living doing something else. uh if he isn't very good even at preaching you might call him a you ever heard any terms for that? 289: {NW} No but I know a few preachers in this town that's got the job that uh are like that. Interviewer: you ever heard um an untrained par- part-time you know uh not just a preacher but you know any trade. 289: what, jack of all trades, master of none? Interviewer: something like that. you ever heard of jackolade? 289: No. Interviewer: uh like a jackolade uh carpenter or a jackolade preacher. alright. what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 289: Your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. and {NS} 289: A lot of people say aunt this way too. It's all according to how it's used. Interviewer: mm how do you use it? now I've got you saying that in other places too. nine times out of ten I know what you say. what w-w-w you 289: {X} say aunt all the time Interviewer: see that's what I've been picking up most. um if an old man is still quite strong and active and doesn't show his age you might say he's still quite 289: he's in good shape? Interviewer: say he's quite 289: active? {NS} young at {NW} doesn't show his age. Interviewer: #1 he's got a lot of # 289: #2 that's about it. # energy left in him. Interviewer: okay. any- okay. how about uh um {NW} so well like here's the {X} an old person say about eighty who does farmwork uh and and doesn't get tired. okay and you might say I don't care how old he or she is, he or she is mighty 289: young. Interviewer: for 289: for their age. Interviewer: okay something like that. how about and you might say the children are out later than usual. I don't suppose there's anything wrong, but I can't help feeling a little 289: worried. Interviewer: alright. and you might say um uh you wouldn't say that you feel easy about it, you'd say that you feel {NS} 289: be uneasy or nervous or worried about it. Interviewer: okay. and uh you might say I don't want to go upstairs in the dark, I'm 289: afraid or scared. Interviewer: okay. and um uh {NS} {NS} someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and leaves the door unlocked, you'd say is mighty 289: careless. Interviewer: okay. and uh there's nothing really wrong with aunt lizzie but sometimes she acts 289: #1 strange. # Interviewer: #2 kind of what? # alright. any other words for strange here that you might 289: #1 weird. # Interviewer: #2 might use # how about queer? would that ever be used is that 289: #1 queer? # Interviewer: #2 in in # in that sense? yeah. 289: {NW} maybe a few years back you might say queer. but I don't think not nowadays cause there are too many queers down here. Interviewer: now now when you say too many queers what are you talking about? 289: homosexuals or lesbians. Interviewer: okay. and uh has uh now that's that's is now now you're talking about the old days. when you were young had that started then? 289: well you you might say he's a little weird, mere- a little strange in his thinking, or uh his mind wandered off you know, he'd be talking about one thing and then switch to something else. Interviewer: okay. uh alright. if a man is very sure of his own ways and never wants to change you say don't be so 289: optimistic? Interviewer: #1 no he's # 289: #2 no. # Interviewer: not so much that but let's say you want him to change his mind and he just will not do it. 289: stubborn. Interviewer: okay. 289: that's me. once I've made up my mind. Interviewer: okay. how about somebody that you just can't joke with without them losing their temper? you say uh uh he is mighty 289: touchy Interviewer: okay. and how about uh you say I was just kidding I didn't know he'd get 289: riled up Interviewer: anything else? 289: ticked off Interviewer: anything else? 289: riled up, ticked off mad upset Interviewer: alright how about somebody's about to lose their temper you tell them just 289: cool it. Interviewer: alright. how about 289: take it easy. Interviewer: or just 289: what? rela- keep cool, relax. Interviewer: alright or keep calm. 289: calm. Interviewer: okay. and uh if you've been working very hard you say you've been very 289: tired. Interviewer: are- or you are 289: bushed or beat. Interviewer: okay. 289: #1 exhausted # Interviewer: #2 and uh # oh okay. and you might say uh um if you're very very tired you might say I'm all 289: what? ti- um Interviewer: I am completely 289: exhausted beat. you'd use about the same words! I'm pooped out. Interviewer: how about something instead of pooped there. 289: {NW} dead. Interviewer: okay. how about uh uh like if I was very very tired which I was about two days ago uh you might say I'm just all 289: worn out. Interviewer: there you go. that's- I need that. okay and uh if a person like yesterday you saw her and she's just fine just healthy and nimble and then last night uh uh a disease attacked her. 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: and uh uh you would say that suddenly you know they have some disease you would say last night she 289: was fine Interviewer: alright but you know 289: In good health. Interviewer: right and then then last night she you know the act of coming 289: came down with whatever it was Interviewer: okay how about uh would you say alright if if uh you sit in a draft you say last night I 289: caught a draft. caught a cold. Interviewer: alright okay. and how about uh if uh uh still back to this person you'd say uh if if if she is sick today and it stareted on sunday you might say sunday she blank sick. 289: sunday she was sicks was sick. Interviewer: now she's sick today. and and it happened it first started on on sunday. so you might say sunday she 289: came down Interviewer: okay. {NS} uh you would say she's she's sick now but she'll be up again 289: up and about Interviewer: alright she'll be up and about by 289: by thursday and or a couple days. Interviewer: okay. um {X} say so we'll get there 289: we'll get there when you see us. Interviewer: Okay we'll all we'll all meet in the great yonder by 289: by and Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 289: #2 by # Interviewer: {NS} how about uh if if my voice continues like this I'm gonna get all 289: hoarse. Interviewer: yeah. and uh {NS} {NW: Cough} what do you call that? 289: cough. Interviewer: okay. and uh might say I better go to sleep I'm feeling a little uh 289: drowsy. Interviewer: okay. And uh at six o'clock I'll 289: what six o'clock in the #1 morning you're going to get up? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # alright six o'clock in the morning I'll 289: wake up. Interviewer: okay and um if your brother was asleep and your mother told you to uh says He's still sleeping. better go 289: get him up. Interviewer: okay. any any other terms you might use there? 289: if it's my brother you could dump a tub of water on him and it might help. rouse him. Interviewer: okay. if if you can't hear anything at all you say you're stone 289: Deaf. Interviewer: okay. and uh if a person began to sweat when he started work, by the time he finished you'd say that he blank a lot in the hot sun 289: sweated a lot. Interviewer: okay. and uh what do you call one of those sores that swells up, comes to a head 289: boils? Interviewer: okay and what do you call the stuff inside of it? 289: the pus? fluid? Interviewer: okay anything else? okay now if you got some infection on your hand so that your hand got bigger than it ought to be 289: swelled up. Interviewer: okay. and uh um uh you might say um um uh it's still pretty badly 289: swollen Interviewer: okay. and if it's not infected it probably won't 289: it's not infected Interviewer: probably won't 289: swell up any more. Interviewer: okay. and uh when you get a blister what do you call the liquid inside of that? 289: just fluid Interviewer: the 289: water Interviewer: okay. and in a war if a bullet goes through your arm, or not your arm but somebody's arm, you'd say they have a 289: wound. Interviewer: okay. this one is weird. how about this is a kind of skinless growth in a wound, that's got to be burned out. and it's a kind of 289: gangrene? Interviewer: {NW} well no I don't think so. {NW} 289: if it's been burned out Interviewer: how about some times it has to be cut or burned out with {X} and uh um uh if it doesn't, when a wound doesn't heal clean, a white granular substance might form around the edge. 289: what, pus? Interviewer: okay how about um it's it's called some kind of flesh. have you ever heard anything called something flesh? 289: No. Interviewer: have you ever heard of proud for like flesh. 289: no. Interviewer: okay if you get just a little scrape on your finger you put some of that 289: {X} uh mu- merthiolate mercurochrome iodine Interviewer: okay and uh years ago when you got yellow fever they used to give you this stuff to take the fever down. what's that stuff they used to give you to take the fever down? real bitter {NS} 289: you got me. Interviewer: it comes from barks of trees and uh the the pills that you take for 289: sulfur? {X} it's bitter. sulfur's #1 bitter. # Interviewer: #2 it used # it used to be given as a tonic for malaria. I tell you they have uh uh if people who drink gin 289: #1 tonic? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah it's they use it in tonic now real bitter. it's very very bitter they say that's as bitter as qua- 289: quinine Interviewer: {NW} and uh if uh you know if a man was shot and didn't recover you would say that he 289: he's dead. he died. Interviewer: okay. any any crude or humorous ways of talking about somebody dieing like say 289: kick the bucket. Interviewer: okay. anything else? {NS} 289: passed on. Interviewer: okay. how uh you might say uh um 289: going to the great reward in the sky Interviewer: okay you might say I don't know what he died 289: of. Interviewer: okay. and uh the place where people are buried 289: cemetery Interviewer: and the the box that they're buried in 289: coffin. Interviewer: and the ceremony? is a 289: burial burial ceremony Interviewer: okay he was an important man, eveyone turned out for his 289: funeral Interviewer: and if people are all dressed in black, you say they are in 289: mourning. Interviewer: okay. and uh now are there any special ways of burial here because of uh i mean is it common i mean do you still have internment or is there uh you still use 289: they make a vault. if you own your own property in this cemetery here uh they make vaults they usually go down well on one of our plots there's three people buried. 'cause it goes down far enough and they just add it on. Interviewer: you mean above? 289: above the ground. Interviewer: Oh okay. 289: now the new cemeteries or maybe up in like in ma- Miami way {NW} they don't allow interment above the ground. Interviewer: but out here you have vaults. 289: mm. they make the vaults. Or in Miami they have the vaults but it's under grass. and theres a only monument they might put is a cross with your name on it. but here they have you know the big graves and the big statues of angels {NW} my great- gra- my grandfather's had a big valentine on his. well then when my grandmother passed away they put my grandmother on top {NW} when my father passed away it was my great-grandfather, my great-grandmother and then my father on top Interviewer: and it all, in a row? 289: all of them. all of them. cause see two of them well one of them was below the ground and one of them was only maybe about this tall off the ground so they just put my father on top. Interviewer: hm. so i uh well okay it's almost like 289: the original the original um cemetery lot was big enough for four graves across. so really we got enough room for at least um one more grave Interviewer: Four high. 289: put 'em three up. three up. Interviewer: three up. okay. 289: you can really uh here you can do it any way you want to. It's y- it's yours to do Cause they'll have these big uh things where they everything's above the ground. maybe you'll see a row it looks like almost like a house and twelve spaces in it it's up to you it's what you want some people put marble you know on it #1 Some people put tile # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Do they still have like do the black people still have any special 289: oh when they go they have the biggest funeral be singing in the church and all the clubs come out if they're members of it you know. they'll be marching down the streets and singing Interviewer: they got bands? 289: someti- they used to have when I was smaller I don't know about now. Interviewer: well do you have a name for that? what they call that? 289: no. I don't remember what they call them. f- f- Oh! Funeral precession, something like that. Interviewer: They ever call anything like a wake? 289: Yes. Wake. The Irish have their wakes. Interviewer: Didn't you say you were part 289: Irish and mm English. Indian. Interviewer: Okay. and uh alright if if you meet somebody in the street and they and and they say well uh how are you today and you're feeling just about average, what would you say? 289: So-so. Interviewer: So-so. How about uh and if you if you met somebody in the morning uh between uh between uh no if you met somebody say if you met somebody say between twelve noon and uh dinnertime, what would you say to them? 289: you mean good afternoon, good morning? #1 I'm doing fine. # Interviewer: #2 okay # what are some of the other ways that you could go about greeting like that? {NS} 289: Hello? How are you doing? How you been? Long time, haven't seen you. Interviewer: How about uh- 289: What have you been doing? Interviewer: after dinner you might say good 289: Good evening. Interviewer: okay. and the last time somebody leaves your house and they're leaving you know you 289: good night. Interviewer: okay. and uh if uh if you start if if a man has to get up and start working just as the sun comes into sight you say he had to start work at 289: ri- uh dawn. Interviewer: or 289: sunrise. Interviewer: okay and the opposite 289: sunset Interviewer: okay. 289: #1 Dusk. # Interviewer: #2 now if you say # you say the sun will 289: set. Interviewer: alright and the opposite of set is 289: sunrise Interviewer: well alright and you say yesterday the sun 289: set. Interviewer: okay and yesterday the sun 289: rose. Interviewer: okay. and you say last week the sun had 289: risen. Interviewer: okay and uh um okay today is uh Thursday? 289: Thursday. Interviewer: uh you would say uh Wednesday was 289: yesterday. Interviewer: okay and fr- uh fr- 289: Friday's tomorrow Interviewer: okay. and um uh if somebody came on sunday okay 289: mhmm Interviewer: uh the last sunday 289: a week ago sunday Interviewer: how about uh if if he's if if he's going to leave 289: next sunday or next week Interviewer: okay would you ever say sunday a week 289: mm-mm. oh! Might say a week from sunday. Interviewer: okay. how about if someone came on the first and stayed 'til the thirteenth or fourteenth what would you call that 289: stayed for two weeks Interviewer: and um uh what time is it? 289: right now it's almost seven thirty. Interviewer: okay is there any other ways of saying that? 289: half past seven. Interviewer: okay and uh fifteen minutes ago it was 289: quarter after seven or seven fifteen. Interviewer: and that is a 289: a watch! Interviewer: okay. and uh uh if you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite 289: a while. Interviewer: okay. and you might say the farmers got a pretty good crop last year, but they're not going to get such a good one 289: this year. Interviewer: okay. and uh if a child has just had his third birthday you would say he's 289: three years old. Interviewer: okay now something happened on this day last year, you say it happened exactly a year ago. okay. and those white things in the clou- 289: clouds? white things in the sky. Interviewer: okay. and um okay the uh got ten more items. okay? I think it's gonna run about five altogether. I said between four and six so I think five would be best. which would be the end of this tape here. uh what right now we've taped about an hour since I've been here. 289: mhmm. Interviewer: uh okay if um if somebody's troubled, you might say um oh it'll come out alright don't 289: worry about it. Interviewer: okay. and uh what's the disease of the joints called? 289: arthritis, bursitis, rheumatism Interviewer: okay. how about the disease where you turn yellow? 289: jaundice. Interviewer: and uh very ser- this used to be a very severe disease they got innoculations for it now you'd get blisters on the inside of the throat and kids used to die from it they'd choke to death. dip- 289: diphtheria? Interviewer: okay. and uh when you have your appendix taken out you say you had an attack of 289: appendicitis Interviewer: okay and uh if uh you might say he he should eat something that might uh if you should eat something that doesn't agree with you uh and it wouldn't stay down, you would say uh you had to 289: Throw up Interviewer: or 289: vomit Interviewer: okay. any crude terms that you can think of for that? 289: well if it was gonna go both ways the people Cuban people call it {D: cusokouanas} means you got it up and down. Interviewer: mm 289: you vomit. you heaved. Interviewer: okay. and if if you were sick like that you would say or the person vomitting you would say he was sick 289: to his stomach. to his stomach. Interviewer: okay and uh how would you fill this in and you might tell your friends anytime you can come over, we blank to see you! 289: be happy to see you, glad to see you. Interviewer: okay would you ever use the word proud in there? be proud to see you? 289: no. don't think so. Interviewer: okay uh uh if a young man is very much interested in a young woman spends a lot of- young girl and spends a lot of time with her so that the neighbors start noticing 289: #1 mhmm # Interviewer: #2 the uh activities? # um uh what woul- and the neighbors think that his intenetions are serious, what would they say he's doing? 289: courting her. Interviewer: okay around here? and any other terms? 289: going steady, seeing. seeing each other. keeping company. Interviewer: okay. and what would they call him to her? he is 289: boyfriend Interviewer: alright and she is his 289: girlfriend Interviewer: okay anything else? 289: sweetheart Interviewer: if the boy comes home with lipstick on his colar his brother says you've been 289: smooching Interviewer: okay. any other terms for that? 289: kissing necking Interviewer: okay. and uh if he asks her to marry him and she doesn't want him what do you say she did to him? 289: she turned him down. Interviewer: okay. any any other terms like that? 289: {X} rejected him? Interviewer: okay. how about the old term? 289: what broke up? no? Interviewer: J- 289: jilted? Interviewer: yeah 289: jilt is when you uh the way I think of jilt is if you're engaged and then br- and you know and she says no and she goes to somebody else. Interviewer: okay well it's you know he asked her to marry him 289: well if she didn't say yes then changed her mind Interviewer: oh oh do you see engagement as a as a more of a a committed uh to marriage thing, or is that just the intermediate stuff? 289: to me if you become engaged it's with the intention that you are to marry. Interviewer: So it's a contract? 289: so more or less, yeah. Interviewer: okay How about uh at the wedding, who's the man that stands with the groom? He's called 289: best man. Interviewer: and the girl that stands up with the bride? 289: Maid of honor or Matron of honor. Interviewer: okay how- around here do you ever hear anybody talking about any old customs involving marriage? Like for example with a married couple would go to their house and people would stand around the house all night long making noise or something? 289: No. but if they can find out where you're staying they'll make a lot of racket. Interviewer: do they have a name for that? 289: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # do the ever have 289: #1 Not here, not anymore. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # We're going to have a Ever- you ever heard a term like shiv- shivalry? 289: No. Chivalry, I wouldn't think of chivalry that way. Interviewer: now- now this isn't like 289: no not the way Interviewer: no no no not like 289: #1 okay. no. # Interviewer: #2 {D: sir walter raleigh} # 289: No. Not that way. Interviewer: this is s i v, s h i v a r 289: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 ee- # It's a noisey- okay. uh you've never heard that at all here? okay. and uh what do you well uh young people do well you know most young people anyway like to go out in the evening where they move around the floor with music 289: dancing Interviewer: okay any other terms for that? around here? 289: Nope. dancing's dancing. Go out t- no. #1 That's about it. # Interviewer: #2 Like in high school do they have # 289: going to a prom, going to a dance. that's about it. Interviewer: okay and uh if if children get out of school at four oclock you say at four a clock school is what? 289: lets out. Interviewer: okay. and uh after vacation they say when does school 289: begin Interviewer: again 289: no just begin. Interviewer: oh okay well how would you say when does school blank again? 289: when was begin again. Interviewer: okay and uh {NS} the uh if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show, he #1 Did what? # 289: #2 he was # going to school oh playing hooky. Interviewer: #1 okay and if it was a co- # 289: #2 skipped # school. Interviewer: alright yeah but if it was a college would you say hooky? 289: you could play hooky or skipping class. Interviewer: okay. if- you go to schol to get an 289: education. Interviewer: and uh after kindergaten you go into the 289: you go into elementary. Interviewer: okay and what's the 289: first grade? Interviewer: okay and uh you might say someone left a note on my 289: desk. Interviewer: and the classroom has new 289: desks Interviewer: okay, and this is a- this whole 289: {X} well this building? Interviewer: yeah. 289: the library. Interviewer: okay. and uh place where you mail letters? 289: Post office. Interviewer: the uh downtown not the uh the type that you can drive into but downtown a place where you can stay overnight? 289: Ho- what a hotel? Motel? Interviewer: Okay. and uh you see a play at the 289: theatre Interviewer: okay and if you had to have an operation you go to the 289: Hospital Interviewer: where they have these little women in the dressed in white 289: Nurses Interviewer: And one of them is a 289: nurse. Interviewer: and uh if there were if there were a train that came out on the keys, you would catch the train at the 289: Railroad station or depot. Interviewer: Okay. and you catch the bus at the 289: bus station Interviewer: okay an open place in the city where green green grass and trees in the city 289: #1 Park. # Interviewer: #2 mean # okay any other names for that? {NS} 289: No they here they just call it a park. Interviewer: okay um in this situation where you have a crossroads downtown like and your standing hereand someone says where's the bank, and that's the bank you point over there and you say it's just 289: across the street or catty-cornered Interviewer: okay and uh vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire overhead that you could hop on 289: what, trolley? electric cars? Interviewer: no used to have them in miami. years ago 289: don't ask me. Interviewer: before they had the other thing. 289: first time I rode in a trolley I was in San Francisco. Interviewer: Oh yeah? they still have those. 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay if you were on one of these local what do you have what kind of public transportation do you have here? 289: Just the buses. Interviewer: okay they call it anything else? 289: city buses. that's it Interviewer: but not {X} 289: no. Interviewer: Is that different? or do you know what that is? 289: I don't even know what it is. Interviewer: okay they got those in miami. those are smaller. usually privately operated. 289: no. Interviewer: as far as I know. how about uh if you're on the if you're on the bus you might tell the bus driver the next corner is where I want 289: get off or be left off get off Interviewer: and uh who pays the postmaster? the federal 289: federal government Interviewer: okay and the police in town are supposed to maintain what? 289: {NW} peace and order Interviewer: okay anything else uh begin the first word? instead of peace you might say they're supposed to maintain 289: {NW} they can't even maintain the peace and order. Interviewer: {NW} how about la- 289: laws? Interviewer: #1 Well see- # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: they maintain you ever hear them say uh maintain the la- and order? 289: Law and Order. Interviewer: yeah. is that the or is it peace and order here. 289: would be law and order. peace. Interviewer: like when someone campaigns like a sheriff he says I'm gonna 289: yeah mm-hmm they promise a lot. Interviewer: {NW} okay how about what they call the fight between the northern and southern states in 1861 the people around 289: the war b- uh war between the states? Interviewer: okay people around here call it that? when they refer to it or is 289: I do. {X} what? fight against the north and south? south and north? Interviewer: uh yeah 289: yankees and #1 rebels # Interviewer: #2 yeah that # one. 289: I always say its the fight between the what is it, the fight between the states? north and south? Interviewer: okay. key west was a northern base in that, wasn't it? 289: we had I think, if I'm not mistaken we had both at different times. they always said in key west you could be either one, whichever you prefer. {NS} but most Key Westers stand up when they play Dixie Interviewer: oh yeah? 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: you mean like at ball games? {NS} 289: Yes. oh well they have um {NS} They don't do it anymore. they did when I was in high school they played dixie something like that Interviewer: yeah I remember when I- 289: and then when I was in schoo- elementary school they played dixie. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh alright now U.S states. ALbany is the capital of 289: New York Interviewer: okay and Annapolis 289: Maryland Interviewer: okay and richmond is the capital 289: Virginia Interviewer: okay and raleigh is the capital 289: what is it north carolina or south carolina north carolina I guess Interviewer: okay. and uh Sherman marched across 289: Delaware. Interviewer: Delaware? 289: #1 Sherm- # Interviewer: #2 Sherman Sherman you talking about # washington crossed 289: okay Delaware Sherman marched across Interviewer: you know he set fire to the s- you know that everybody just north of Florida you have 289: What Alabama? Georgia? Interviewer: okay. and uh Baton Rouge is the capital of 289: Louisiana Interviewer: And the Bluegrass State is 289: Kentucky Interviewer: Okay. And the volunteer state? 289: Don't ask me Interviewer: Alright uh You know the state where all the country music comes from? 289: Tennessee Interviewer: Okay And the show me state? 289: I know the hoosier state show me I don't know. Can't think of it. Interviewer: Okay. you remember remember the town that I said I was from? 289: Missouri? Interviewer: Alright. that's that's the state. and the town? that I said I #1 {D: come from} # 289: #2 St. Louis? # Interviewer: Okay. and um little rock is the capital of 289: Arkansas Interviewer: and jackson is the capital of 289: Mississippi. Interviewer: And the lone star state is 289: Texas. Interviewer: And Tulsa is in 289: Oklahoma Interviewer: And Boston is in 289: Boston is Massachusetts! Interviewer: Okay and the states from Maine to conneticutt are called 289: Are New England states. Interviewer: okay And how about the biggest city in Maryland 289: You got me Interviewer: Hotel or hotel 289: Baltimore Interviewer: Okay and uh uh the capital of the USA is 289: Washington DC Interviewer: Okay and the old historical seaport in South Carolina 289: Charleston Interviewer: And the big steel-making town in alabama where the have all the steel mills 289: the steel Interviewer: It's right {X} 289: Birmington? Birmingham? Interviewer: yeah okay and how about the town in Illinois where all the gangsters are supposed to be from? Al Capone 289: Chicago? Interviewer: Okay. and the capital of Alabama? 289: Alabama. Birmingha- Not Birmingham? Interviewer: Nah. 289: George Wallace. Interviewer: This is further south. 289: Montgomery. Interviewer: Okay and how how about the coastal town the port town in Alabama. right on the gulf Mo- 289: Mobile Interviewer: okay and uh how about the resort city in western part of North Carolina? 289: Um oh heck what not My father's been there Myrtle Beach! Interviewer: Okay how about one that's A- you ever heard of one that starts with Ash? 289: Where at? Interviewer: This is this is in the western part of North Carolina. ashevi- You ever heard of that? Asheville. 289: Asheville? No. Interviewer: You ever heard of that? 289: #1 isn't that when you # Interviewer: #2 how about uh how about # 289: come back to the rockies um Interviewer: #1 no not the rockies # 289: #2 mountains # I mean what whatever they are the mountain range there smokey mountains Interviewer: yeah. okay. but that's in the western part of Carolina not on the coast 289: oh. Interviewer: okay how about the big excuse me the biggest city in east tennessee name some real big cities in tennessee. 289: Memphis, Nashville Interviewer: the choo-choo 289: Chattanooga Interviewer: and uh uh the one that {NS} what you call that when you do that 289: Knocks knocks? Interviewer: alright 289: Fort Knox? Interviewer: Alright but what's the one that sounds like that? Knox- 289: Knoxville? Interviewer: okay and uh the place where emory university is from 289: Missi- no I don't know Emory Interviewer: in Georgia the big town in georgia 289: Georgia Interviewer: the biggest city in georgia capital 289: Georgia Georgia Georgia Geor- I don't know anything about Georgia Interviewer: {NW} well let's 289: Georgia peaches or Interviewer: biggest thing you can think of in georgia. 289: the police that hide behind the s- signs waiting for you Interviewer: {NW} 289: I can't think of any but- thing in Georgia. Interviewer: At- atla- 289: Atlanta? Interviewer: okay. and uh how about the coast town the one the town that's on the ocean atlantic ocean s- sa- 289: {D: I forgot what it comes} Interviewer: this is georgia s- 289: Savannah? Interviewer: okay and how about the one where there made a movie about it? something county line? 289: Macon county line. Interviewer: Okay and how about another one down there. it's uh like Christopher 289: Columbus? Interviewer: okay. and uh how about the biggest city in lousianna? 289: Louisianna New Orleans? New Orleans! Interviewer: okay and the capital of louisianna? 289: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: and the biggest city in southern ohio? 289: Akron? Interviewer: the the blank reds. 289: cleveland? Interviewer: alright now there ball team there called the reds. the something reds. the cin- cin- cinn- 289: Cincinnati! Interviewer: okay and uh how about where the uh Kentucky derby's run 289: uh kentucky that's in no Kentucky green grass state Interviewer: dun- 289: Loui- no not Louisianna. Interviewer: Lou- 289: Louisville Interviewer: okay you said you were Irish so Irish people come from 289: Ireland Interviewer: and uh uh Napolean was from 289: France Interviewer: and the Coun- the country we just had the hook up with space 289: Russia Interviewer: okay. and uh how far is it from here to marathon? 289: fifty miles. about fifty. Interviewer: okay. nad if somebody asked you to go with them and you're not sure you want to uh you might say uh I don't 289: think so. Interviewer: or I don't know 289: If I can. Interviewer: okay. and uh if someone is very sick and a friend I mean if you have a very sick friend and he's not likely to get better and if someone asks you how he's coming along you might say well it seems 289: he's the same as he was or he might be improving Interviewer: it seems as okay would you ever say it seems what? 289: he's not improving. or he's getting worse. Interviewer: alright. um if you were asked to go somewhere without somebody that you wanted to go with okay that you didn't like going someplace without 289: well I'm supposed to go some #1 place. # Interviewer: #2 Alright, somebody asked you to go someplace. # 289: Okay Interviewer: And you say um I won't go 289: Unless they he goes Interviewer: okay and uh if if one of your uh uh if you're if your nephew was how old's your nephew? 289: I got one three six seven eleven Interviewer: alright let's say your six your eleven year old nephew is supposed to wash the dishes fo some reason. 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: and uh say if uh if your nephew did not help you with the dishes you's say uh he went off playing blank helping me 289: instead of helping me Interviewer: okay and um if two people became members of a baptist 289: they join the church Interviewer: okay and what uh what's the uh you go to church to worship the 289: God Interviewer: okay and uh the guy what does the what does the preacher deliver 289: sermon or message Interviewer: okay and the choir and the organist provided good 289: what music? Interviewer: okay and you might say oh that music is 289: what terrific wonderful #1 it's good. sounds good. # Interviewer: #2 okay and uh # or beau- 289: beautiful? Interviewer: okay and uh the enemy and the opposite of god is called the 289: the enemy Interviewer: and opposite 289: he's devil Interviewer: okay and uh what do people think they see at night that frightens them? 289: #1 ghosts. # Interviewer: #2 the usually # and uh 289: boogeyman it's gonna get ya Interviewer: if there is a lonely house off a dark road and people think they hear strange noises coming from it at night they might say that's a 289: haunted house. Interviewer: okay um you might say uh better put on a sweater it's getting blank chilly 289: getting {NS} #1 cool. chilly during # Interviewer: #2 getting # 289: chilly Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 289: #2 No. # {NS} getting airish? Interviewer: getting really getting airish? alright you might say I'll go if uh you insist but I blank 289: rather not Interviewer: okay and uh uh let me see what do you say when you have a friend that you haven't seen for some time? how do you express your feelings when you greet them? 289: more or less if it's me I'll start crying and kiss them Interviewer: okay. would you ever say I'm 289: glad to see you Interviewer: okay 289: happy to see you. Interviewer: alright uh if a person owned a whole city block in town uh how would you describe that much land? 289: you just look he earned a lot he owned a lot of land or a parcel of land I don't think they use parcel just owned a lot of property Interviewer: would you ever hear anybody say he owned the right smart? 289: No. Interviewer: you ever heard anyone around here at all? okay uh {NS} uh someone might say can you do that? uh do you think you can do that? And you say I blank can 289: I bet I can Interviewer: or I sh- 289: think I can Interviewer: I sh- I shhh 289: sure can. Interviewer: Okay. and if if it wasn't just a little cool a little cool cold this morning you might say it was 289: cold Interviewer: okay like coca-cola has the what's the slogan for it's the 289: real thing Interviewer: okay so you might say it wasn't a little cold this morning it was 289: real cold Interviewer: okay and uh 289: and we call cold weather a norther. Interviewer: a nor- that's what I wanted to get at before we run out here. is a oh alright before get that far if if you if you if someone said if you've enjoyed a visit with someone you would say come 289: come back again Interviewer: okay and what do you what do you say to people when you greet one of them de- december twenty-fifth? 289: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: did they every use anything else around here like on the twenty-fourth or right before chrsitmas? 289: no it's just merry christmas. Interviewer: you ever hear christmas gift? 289: no Interviewer: okay how about on uh January one? 289: happy new year Interviewer: okay uh anything you might say by way of appreciation besides thank you like you might say I much 289: what what much obliged? mm-mm. {NS} much obliged Interviewer: #1 You hear anybody say that? # 289: #2 {X} # but I don't say it. or you could say I'm much beholden Interviewer: okay 289: but I don't say that either. Interviewer: alright. you might say uh I had to go to town and do some 289: shopping Interviewer: and uh if you made a purchase the storekeeper took a piece paper and 289: wrapped it Interviewer: and when you got home you had to 289: unwrap it. Interviewer: and uh if you sell something for less than you paid for it you say I had to sell it at 289: at a lost Interviewer: o- okay if you admire somthing uh but you don't have enough money to buy it you say I like it but it 289: can't afford it Interviewer: or it 289: cost too much Interviewer: okay and and uh the time to pay your bill you say uh the bill is 289: due Interviewer: and if you belong to a club you have to pay 289: your dues. Interviewer: and if you haven't gotten a couple bucks to pay something you might go next door and 289: borrow Interviewer: and if you go in to a banker and the banker is gently refusing a loan he might say right now money is 289: what tight Interviewer: or 289: short Interviewer: or s- sca- 289: scarce Interviewer: okay and uh you might say he ran out on the springboard and jumped off and 289: fell Interviewer: uh jumped off and 289: Dived? Interviewer: okay can you say tomorrow he will 289: dive Interviewer: and he had 289: dived Interviewer: okay what do you call it when you jump off you dive and you land right here and you do a big 289: Oh belly belly splash? no. I can't think of the word you call it Interviewer: when you hit here and just do a {NW} {X} 289: I've done it too but I can't think of it and it hurts like the devil. Belly bomb no belly I can't think of what you call Belly flop Interviewer: okay how about when you when you're in school or when a kid's put their hands down tuck their head and roll 289: tumble-sault? Interviewer: okay and uh and when you're out there in the doing this number 289: swimming? Interviewer: okay and yesterday you 289: swam Interviewer: and tommo- 289: I will swim Interviewer: and he had 289: swum #1 not # Interviewer: #2 okay # 289: swum yeah Interviewer: okay how about when you buy uh something or you pay your bill on time some storekeeper used to give you a little present and say it's for you ever heard anything like that? 289: No they're not gonna give you anything here {NW} that's for sure Interviewer: okay. uh uh someone that was out swimming and didn't quite make it but maybe got caught in a whirlpool went down and didn't come back up. say he 289: Drowned. Interviewer: okay and you say be careful don't go out there you might 289: Drown. Interviewer: and you say uh last week that boy had 289: drowned. Interviewer: okay and what is it a baby does before it's able to walk? 289: crawl. Interviewer: okay. and if you saw like you're talking about putting those things up in the windowduring the hurricane you do what 289: Shutters Interviewer: #1 you had to # 289: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 go up the ladder so you had to # 289: #2 ladder # climb Interviewer: okay and yesterday you 289: climbed Interviewer: and the neighbor had 289: climbed Interviewer: before he fell down and uh you might in the catholic church they say she walked up to the altar and she 289: kneeled. Interviewer: okay and if you're feeling tired you might say I am going to blank down in bed 289: lie down Interviewer: and you might say he was really sick he couldn't even sit up he just blank in bed all day. 289: laid. Interviewer: okay. uh you might say uh talking about something well the things that go through your head at night 289: dreams? Interviewer: okay so last night you 289: dreamed Interviewer: and uh tomorrow you will 289: dream Interviewer: and he had 289: dreamt Interviewer: okay. and you might say I dreamt so and so and all of a sudden I 289: woke up Interviewer: and #1 what do you call # 289: #2 or awakened. # Interviewer: what do you call that? 289: stamping? Interviewer: okay. and uh uh if a man meets a girl at a dance and uh he wants to go home with her he says uh may I 289: take you home? escort you home? Interviewer: okay now if they're on foot now if he's in a 289: #1 walk # Interviewer: #2 car # okay would it be any different 289: walk you home drive you home Interviewer: okay how about uh what am I doing there 289: pushing Interviewer: okay so that I just gave that a 289: shove Interviewer: or a 289: {NS} push Interviewer: okay and uh {NS} {NW} come on {NW} oh uh if you carried a heavy suitcase a long distance instead of saying I carried it you might say I 289: towed it. Interviewer: okay. and if some children came into the house and started uh and you had some delicate things on the table and they were starting get 289: grab? Interviewer: yeah and you said don't 289: touch. Interviewer: alright you might say don't what? don't you 289: don't you bother those things don't you get those things don't touch those things. Interviewer: okay. uh if if you need a hammer you might tell somebody to what? 289: loan you a hammer? Interviewer: or you know you're up on 289: #1 pass you the hammer? # Interviewer: #2 uh you're up you're up on the ladder and you # 289: #1 reach me a hammer? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # go 289: and get Interviewer: okay. and uh what is the thing in football that you kick the fiel- 289: what is the thing that Interviewer: you know, the post? 289: fiel- um yard post #1 touch # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: no Interviewer: fiel- 289: Field Goal Interviewer: Okay. and if you throw a ball you can you have to 289: catch {X} Interviewer: Okay um okay the last thing we were talking about is you throw a ball to somebody you have to 289: Once you throw it Interviewer: Then you 289: Caught it Interviewer: Okay he caught it and then uh you say he will 289: Catch it Interviewer: And he had 289: Caught it Interviewer: Okay and uh uh I might say let's meet in town if I get there first I'll 289: Wait for you Interviewer: Okay and uh a young man might have made a mistake doing something and he said uh just give me another 289: Chance Interviewer: Okay and if a man is in a very good mood you say he's in a very good 289: Humor Interviewer: Okay and uh if you have a hired man who keeps on loafing all the time you might decide to discharge him and you'd say to a friend of yours I think I'm going to get 289: Rid of him Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say uh he didn't know he didn't really know what was going on but he 289: Tried Interviewer: He blank uh he knew it all 289: He thought he knew it all Interviewer: Okay or uh in reference to uh a man who gets on the stage and puts on a show is an 289: Actor Interviewer: Okay 289: {NW} Interviewer: In reference to uh that you might say he didn't uh know what was going on but he 289: Acted Interviewer: Okay acted 289: As if he did Interviewer: Okay um you know someone stole your pencil when you were in school you know grade school uh what slang would you use you might say who 289: Took it Who stole my pencil took my pencil Interviewer: Ever say something like swiped or 289: Swiped yeah who swiped it But you mean {D: but is it} Is swiping more or less you know who did it to begin with Interviewer: Okay and uh was just a moot question or just 289: No Interviewer: Okay uh I might say uh I had forgotten about that but now I 289: Remembered Or remember Interviewer: Okay and you might say to me well you must have a better memory than I do because I sure don't 289: Remember Interviewer: Okay uh and what is it you do with one of these things 289: Write Interviewer: Okay and yesterday I 289: Wrote Interviewer: And uh you might say uh I have just 289: Written Interviewer: Okay and and since I just uh wrote some friends of mine I expect them t 289: To write back Interviewer: Which 289: Or to hear from them Interviewer: So alright and the telephone rings so you go 289: Answer Interviewer: Okay and uh the thing that you put on a uh envelope so that 289: Stamp Interviewer: No 289: Address Interviewer: Okay and uh you say I want to write to uh George do you know his 289: Address Interviewer: Okay uh a little boy who's just learned something new for instance uh uh if he has just learned to whistle and you wanted to know where he even learned that you might ask him who 289: Taught you that Interviewer: Okay and you might say um um okay I might say when are you going to Miami you might say right now we're blank next Wednesday 289: Planning Interviewer: Okay okay how about a little boy who's done something naughty and a little girl saw him do it the little boy might say now don't you go to mom and 289: Tell her Or stool On me Interviewer: Okay do you ever use any somebody that constantly goes to and 289: A stool pigeon Interviewer: Yeah how about somebody that's all the time uh talk telling stories kids call them anything 289: Fibbers Telling fibs Interviewer: Or ta- 289: Tattle tales Interviewer: Okay now an older person you know like you know say you mentioned down at Howard Johnson's 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh if you did something that maybe you made a mistake or something so I went over to the boss and told what would the person be what would you call him 289: s- Well s- he's a p- be telling on you Um You could really say it all but I think as you get older you don't say that Back stabbing Interviewer: Okay how alright 289: Or if they was jeal- mainly what it was is if they jealous of you They might carry tales which isn't true and so they'd be back stabbing you Interviewer: Okay if uh lose my place okay if you want a bouquet for dinner the dinner table you go out in the garden and 289: Cut the flowers Interviewer: Okay uh okay what is it something that a child would play with 289: Toy Interviewer: Okay and if something happened that you expected or were expecting and you're sitting on the porch and some kid was playing right next to the street and you said get away from the curb a car is going to come along and sure enough here it came 289: I told you that Interviewer: Alright you might say uh uh you might say I ju- 289: I just told you that Interviewer: Okay uh and uh uh if I hand this to you I would be 289: Passing it Interviewer: Or I would 289: Give it to me Interviewer: Okay and if I did it yesterday 289: Gave it to me Interviewer: And I had 289: Given it to me Interviewer: Okay and uh I might say I'm glad I carried my umbrella this morning uh we had I hadn't gone down the block when it 289: Started to rain Interviewer: Okay any other words that you might use there 289: just a light rain you might call it um A spraying or a sprinkling Interviewer: Like just a 289: Like you know drippy drip Sprinkling or spraying Interviewer: And uh would that be all day long 289: You might you could say you had a drizzle when it's not too much you know {NS} That's about it Interviewer: So if it's like all day long that would be a what a drizzle 289: just no it's it was raining all day Interviewer: Okay just a light 289: Yeah Interviewer: Say it was 289: #1 if it was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: very light it was You had a drizzle if it was a {D: this wet} very light and for a short period of time you had a drizzle Interviewer: Okay anything anything else 289: No Nothing about rain Thunderstorm Interviewer: Alright uh the uh well okay let's finish this here the church you might say church blanks at eleven o clock 289: Starts Interviewer: Another word for that church 289: Begins Interviewer: Okay and yesterday church 289: Started Interviewer: Or 289: Began Interviewer: Okay and you say last week it had 289: Begun Interviewer: Or 289: {NW} Or it started Interviewer: Okay and uh okay you might say to somebody you can't get through here the highway department's got their machines in here the road's all 289: Blocked off Interviewer: Or in terms of messing uh 289: Torn up Interviewer: Okay and if someone gave you a bracelet and they said why don't you 289: uh wear it Interviewer: Yeah why don't you 289: Put it on Interviewer: Okay and the opposite 289: Take it off Interviewer: Okay and uh if you're sitting with a friend and not saying anything and all of a sudden he asks what'd you say and you say why I said you didn't say anything he said well what did you 289: #1 I didn't # Interviewer: #2 say # 289: say anything Interviewer: Or I didn't say 289: #1 Anything # Interviewer: #2 I said # 289: of importance Interviewer: And you say why I said 289: Nothing Interviewer: Okay and and he'd say well I thought you saids 289: Something Interviewer: Okay and you might say I've never heard of 289: That before Interviewer: Or I might I never heard of blank things 289: Those things That thing Interviewer: How about I never heard of s- 289: Those thing Interviewer: Su- su- alright how about uh it's blank a nice day 289: It's blank Interviewer: It's su- 289: Such a nice day Interviewer: And uh uh it wasn't an accident you did it 289: On purpose Interviewer: Okay and I don't know you better go 289: Talk to him or see him Interviewer: Or in terms of questioning 289: Better ask him Interviewer: And yesterday you 289: Asked him Interviewer: And and last week you had 289: Asked Interviewer: Yeah there are quite a few verbs at the end here a couple young men who do not get along at all they get into a little fist to cuff every time they meet you say 289: They're always fighting always mad Interviewer: Okay so yesterday they 289: Fought Interviewer: And tomorrow they will 289: Fight Interviewer: And they have 289: They have fought Interviewer: Okay and and if a guy pulls out a big knife 289: Mm-hmm Stabs Interviewer: Okay and uh and then the act 289: Pull it out Interviewer: Is called what he he 289: Pulled it out if he shoved it in he's going to pull it out Interviewer: Okay how about uh the funny there's a funny picture on the black board the teacher says who 289: Drew that Interviewer: Okay and uh if you were going to lift something like a heavy piece of machinery down at the dock say you'd use a 289: Crane Interviewer: Or a 289: a wren- um winch Interviewer: Hoi- hoi- 289: Hoist Interviewer: Yeah there you 289: #1 you # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 289: Hoist it up Interviewer: Okay now uh now what 289: Okay weather Interviewer: And this is just there's no make sure there's no more questions I have to ask okay first off in the winter time 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: The the storm that comes in is called a what 289: Norther Interviewer: That's the name of uh are there any other winter storms 289: it's really any kind of weather we get {D: in it} this cool weather call it a norther It's coming in it's coming in from the north uh yeah comes in from the north so it's a norther {NW} Interviewer: Okay now what about uh does the island ever get uh uh where they have to use the horns does it ever get 289: Fog horns uh fog Interviewer: Yeah does it ever like when there's fog outside you say it's a what kind of day 289: What smog We don't have that Interviewer: You don't have fog 289: I've seen maybe a haze {NS} #1 Maybe # Interviewer: #2 so you # 289: four or five times that's about it Interviewer: Okay so you wouldn't say that you can never say that you have a a 289: Visibility problem Interviewer: A fog you know 289: #1 Foggy # Interviewer: #2 fog # 289: day no Interviewer: How about uh well then you got some rain but what do you call it when you know like you don't get rain for a real long time 289: Uh dry spell and drought Interviewer: Okay how about uh in terms of uh you mentioned a steady sprinkle is called a spry 289: We call it spry #1 a sprinkle # Interviewer: #2 that's just a # Steady light 289: Light thing Interviewer: How about a real heavy one 289: Downpour Interviewer: Yeah okay say dumps an inch every two hours or so 289: We'll have downpour Interviewer: Alright how about uh uh rain that lasts two or three days that would have to count as what 289: That would just It's been raining Two or three days that's about it Interviewer: What kind of storms do you get here 289: Hurricanes That's about it Interviewer: How about the ones that uh the little one 289: Oh you mean you mean off the water #1 The um # Interviewer: #2 yeah what # do you call ones off the water I mean the ones that are in the water are white that you see 289: Funnel clouds Interviewer: Yeah what are those any other names for them 289: No They're funnel Interviewer: Um 289: We had one just a little while back real big one Interviewer: Did it come through the island 289: Uh no it stopped But we had one one before it it came off this way and ripped off two or three uh {NW} Roofs and moved the buildings Over a little bit off their foundations Interviewer: Did it touch down or just the wind 289: It touched down Interviewer: And that was 289: See it'll touch real close {NS} To the water line and these buildings were there Interviewer: Did you uh ever call that anything 289: uh what you mean like a ty- uh {X} Interviewer: What'd you call 289: Ty- Hmm Typhoon typhoon Mary typhoon {NW} No that's in Japan No there's a whirl No Funnel clouds That's about anything I would call it Interviewer: Okay how about um um excuse me alright now um if if the wind is coming from let me get this straight this is south okay that's south 289: Yeah south Interviewer: Okay now the wind and that's north 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright the wind's coming from that direction 289: {X} Uh southwest Interviewer: Okay so what would you call that what kind of 289: Southwest Interviewer: #1 Would that mean # 289: #2 winds # Interviewer: anything 289: Sou- well some people call it a sou'wester Interviewer: Yeah 289: Just you know If it's bad weather {D: I reckon} they'd say it's a southwe- southwester Interviewer: Where does most of your bad weather come from 289: Most of our bad weather comes from the north coming down the keys Interviewer: So that's now when you say bad weather you're talking about 289: Cold weather or a lot of rain comes from that way Interviewer: What about uh what about the fish when they belly up what do you call that 289: when they belly up Interviewer: You know when they when they turn belly up out when you get a cloudy day and it's about fifty degrees 289: A freeze a frost Interviewer: Yeah you say you say that the fish are what 289: They don't do that Interviewer: I know that's why I'm trying to find out see um I've asked I guess three people and they say uh I think uh uh one of them 289: We don't get fifty degree w- we- water Interviewer: You don't I mean weather 289: The weather yeah weather might get fifty degrees Interviewer: I've heard that like in the shallow waters this is what um again this is something I heard just asking uh that on on a fifty degree day outside 289: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 the # water will cool down and that it'll stun the fish 289: #1 And bring # Interviewer: #2 and then the # 289: them up to the #1 surface # Interviewer: #2 they'll # float belly up and that they call those 289: I have no idea because one thing if it's fifty degrees I'm not going out to the water anyway Interviewer: Okay 289: If it gets to be sixty I freeze to death much less go down any lower than that Interviewer: Okay 289: but I've never seen one Interviewer: I'm just wondering because uh someone was telling me about the uh frozen uh 289: {NW} What frozen fish #1 the fish would freeze # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah 289: #1 They're # Interviewer: #2 told me this # 289: crazy #1 not in this # Interviewer: #2 they told me # 289: area Interviewer: They told me I think I can get tapes of this the fish 289: Maybe m- around #1 Miami # Interviewer: #2 {X} # No it was here I think mr Higgs told me I I know 289: I've never heard of that in my life not in Key West Because those stupid people come from New York and from Saint Louis and what have you out here in the stupid water swimming when it's forty eight degrees Interviewer: Okay now that's what I'm thinking is that it's not really freezing I mean it's just a local term for you know because they're stunned 289: No {NS} Sometimes when you're out fishing the fish come from a you know you get you hook them on your line you pull them up They come from a great depth and they say what else do they say {NW} They blow up Interviewer: Oh they 289: So it's no use even if it's a little fish there's no use to throw it back in the water because it'll die and it'll float to you know cause they float Interviewer: Oh from a great depth 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You said the pressure does that 289: Yes uh what is it the pressure {NW} You know a skin diver {NS} That comes if he comes up too fast you have to put him in a pressure thing Interviewer: Oh yeah like the bends 289: Yeah In the that's it the fish gets the bends Interviewer: Really I didn't know fish could get the bends 289: Mm-hmm you bring them up too fast and {NS} From a deep Water #1 They get the bends # Interviewer: #2 {D: I'm get some wood} # Except I thought you got the bends from well it doesn't matter I thought you got it from breathing compressed air I didn't know fish could 289: Well see they're breathing their water and they're coming up you pull them up too fast and if you come in from a great depth you have to stop a different uh Interviewer: Slow 289: Slow it coming up and you know get your body used to the pressure {NW} About a mile of water and then as you come up but the fish can get the bends Interviewer: What do you call a um a day where there's just not a cloud in the sky it's a real 289: Clear Interviewer: Okay and and and uh and you look up you say it's it's a you just say it's a clear day or is it something 289: Bright day Not a cloud in the sky Interviewer: How about the other kind of day like in the winter time where it's just kind of overcast all day long 289: Overcast or it has a haze Interviewer: So it'd be a what a 289: Hazy day Interviewer: Would you call it that 289: No Interviewer: You say it's a you look out and it just looks gray 289: Looks ick Interviewer: yeah 289: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 289: sun's out Interviewer: It's cool would ever say it's a what kind of day would you it's a 289: Miserable day that's about it Interviewer: Okay how about uh uh if if uh uh if it's been fair 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Like this morning and clouds are coming in 289: #1 Comes in # Interviewer: #2 rapidly # You'd say the weather is 289: Building up Interviewer: Okay and uh how about the opposite if it's been raining real hard 289: It's cleared off Interviewer: Okay 289: It's moved off the island Interviewer: Okay so you said the weather is 289: Clear Interviewer: Okay and uh talked about heavy rains how about no uh northers are basically in the winter what months do northers 289: Northers Interviewer: When do you have those 289: Um Sometimes we don't get our first norther until December Christmas #1 Some # Interviewer: #2 you get # 289: times we don't even get them until January sometimes we might get them in October Interviewer: Can you get them after January 289: Yeah we might get them up in into Ma- uh February March Interviewer: Ever have 289: See we don't have very much of a winter here Last year I think we had ten {NW} Cool days That was it And When the uh cold weather comes in It's never That cold no longer than five or six days and then it moves back out again Interviewer: What months are the hurricane season 289: Hurricane season starts June first and goes {X} Into uh Think November Interviewer: So it'd be June and November okay and it just starts in June you don't have two seasons 289: No just one's one Interviewer: Alright and uh if the wind's been real gentle 289: Mm-hmm #1 it's calm # Interviewer: #2 alright # Okay and it starts it starts getting stronger gradually you say it's doing what 289: Starting to blow Interviewer: Okay and uh if just the opposite it's been blowing it's 289: Calmed Interviewer: #1 And it's # 289: #2 Col- # Clear Interviewer: Alright but it's been blowing it's gradually uh 289: Calming down Interviewer: Okay okay and uh like in the winter when you got a norther out here let's say it's fifty outside 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You walk outside and say 289: It's freezing Interviewer: Okay or let's say it's fifty-five or sixty that's like 289: It's still {NW} Still cold out Interviewer: Alright you might go out let's say you go out and it's cool 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And it's not really cold enough to you might go in and say I think I'll put a sweater on it's kind of 289: It's a little airy A little airish Interviewer: Alright and uh uh what do you call a wind that's facing that direction anything special 289: That's a s- no south wind's coming from the south Interviewer: And over here 289: Be sou- well if it's coming from that corner it'd be southeast Interviewer: And does that mean anything do you ever get certain kinds of storms from those directions as {X} Like a norther's a cold do you ever get anything from those 289: Generally a lot of your hurricanes are going to come from off of Africa so that would be what the south East {NW} Off um of Honduras so that'd be a southwest direction So it'd be traveling that way Interviewer: The um well okay I most they don't come from the gulf 289: That's what I mean the Yucatan #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 oh # 289: Central America British Honduras and down that way they come in the gulf way Interviewer: {X} 289: See a lot of them come from the coast of Africa and then some of 'em come in from the Yucatan Peninsula and and British Honduras and the rest they come up that way Interviewer: Okay the um um what I'm just unwinding right now so anything you want to say just say it because I've covered everything I really want to cover the um you were talking about like the the natives have uh uh natives meaning 289: #1 Key West is conchs # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah avoid Duval Street because of the tourists or because of the hipsters 289: Hippies Interviewer: And um like what about that whole end of the island it's just it's just the shopping center this is the residential area right here is this the area that you're talking about the people kind of stay out in this area or 289: Um most Key West people will stay away from Duval Street now that used to be a main street {NW} On Saturdays that place was crowded you'd see everybody that you haven't seen for a week Interviewer: It looks like it's been a little run 289: But since about nineteen sixty-five when the hippies started traveling in And the police didn't do anything about them they just let them come and come and come {NW} It just got to be a bad neighborhood because that's where they'd hang out And right now they just really hang out if you go down Duval street near Mallory square and everything {NW} At night time when the sun sets you'll see long hair sitting out there you see a tourist you know {D: leviathan} but you'll see the hippies down there doing their sun dance cause the sun's setting Interviewer: Mm-hmm 289: {D: And let's put it this way} We do have beautiful sunsets Interviewer: Nice 289: but that's where they hang out Interviewer: Mallory Square's down here 289: Yeah Interviewer: Alright 289: Uh-huh Interviewer: Where's uh uh the most exposed part of the island as far as the weather goes 289: to get the bad weather Interviewer: I mean it can really do some damage if it came in if something came in 289: If it comes in um Garrison Bight in here All along the Atlantic beaches Interviewer: Down here 289: cause it floods in Interviewer: Uh 289: See most of this land in here I would say anywhere from um Truman And okay let's make it from uh Yeah it's straight out It's filled in land Anything from about White Street out is filled in land Interviewer: From United oh I didn't know that 289: Mm-hmm {NW} Which is here out here this is Flagler Street where the high school's at right now right in here should be Near twenty-one hundred block Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 289: #2 {NW} # All this used to be salt ponds Interviewer: Like these 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay 289: And that's where they used to get the salt #1 from # Interviewer: #2 here's united # Okay so you're saying that everything from here out was filled in 289: It's been Practically filled in yeah #1 that area # Interviewer: #2 so this # is 289: This area will flood if it downpours heavy in rain You'll have flooded streets Because of the drainage Interviewer: Yeah I noticed there was some uh 289: #1 Big puddles # Interviewer: #2 big like those # Yeah so this is the old part of the island 289: Yeah and this section oh say from Duval {NW} To White And from Caroline {NW} Interviewer: Truman 289: To Truman I would say is your old section of town You know hones- I'd even go up as far as Whitehead {NW} And I think on Margaret Street area is your highest Well I live in Fleming Street so that's probably the highest elevation Interviewer: Yes someone told me 289: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: cemetery is safe #1 too # Interviewer: #2 is # The high yeah now well let me you live what right down here 289: Yeah in the very last block at the fourth house Interviewer: Right there 289: Right Interviewer: Okay so when I mark you I'm going to have a map just like this that I'll send with the tape and I'll mark your address and uh see okay the uh yeah I was just interested in this so so and the first naval base is where where 289: Okay There's a naval yard down here #1 the US # Interviewer: #2 {D: so} # 289: naval station it used to be the subs Interviewer: Yeah they don't have them there anymore 289: No they've been pulled out {NW} Okay and here you have it says US naval station annex that used to be In here w- in this {D: water wall} This is {NW} And over here coming out Six o'clock there used to be lemon fields {NW} For seaplanes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 289: So it was called a seaplane base when I was little then they changed it to the heliport cause they had the helicopter squad in there {NW} Now the a- I think the army's taken it over Okay and out on Fleming Key they have hawk missile sites Okay then Sigsbee park is all your government housing Interviewer: Is that now is 289: That's navy Interviewer: {X} 289: Uh yeah That was I think as far as I know that was like mangroves they just started filling in filling in filling in Okay and then you got your airport And Boca Chica they have um Interviewer: Where's the junior college is that on Boca Chica 289: No Yeah uh it's out this way It's near Key Haven in Key Haven Interviewer: So it's one key over 289: Yeah first key over no The first key over is Stock Island then you'll see another thing where it's been filled in Where the hospital and Key Haven's at that's all filled in That was mangroves They filled it in Interviewer: Okay so actually this is 289: Yeah that's what the high section of town Interviewer: And the highest 289: That's about where you'll find a lot of people who have wells in their yard Well water Interviewer: Mister Higgs he lives over here on south which is where 289: Okay uh Truman {NW} Interviewer: I know it's in the area of white where is it 289: Seminary Here south #1 street it's this one # Interviewer: #2 yeah there it is # 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: He lives right there 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: He has a well I know I tasted some the water off of it just clearest thing he brought out a glass of well water and a glass of city water I could tell the difference 289: Yeah #1 And # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: it's good for your hair Well water and rain water #1 If you can catch # Interviewer: #2 but it's so # 289: it it's great Interviewer: So it's not really spring water it's uh it's rain water that's drained into the ground 289: That I couldn't tell you Interviewer: Oh okay well uh I enjoyed this 289: Mm-hmm it's my pleasure Interviewer: And I'm sorry it took well I guess it didn't take it took about twenty minutes more than I thought 289: No It's alright Interviewer: And uh yeah this is uh and it's I think I got a lot of critical information so I'll uh um make sure to uh put down your address here let's do it now uh 289: Atwell Interviewer: Well who's Atwood oh that's uh Berlin's middle name 289: Hmm Interviewer: Berlin Atwood Sawyer that's where I picked that up and that's eleven ten 289: Eleven ten Fleming Interviewer: Okay 289: We used to be you know remember that uh guy who used to do a lot of horror movies Lionel Atwell Interviewer: Oh yeah 289: He was He's in our family tree And his last name used to be Atwell {NW} But he changed it when he came over from England {NW} To Atwell so the ones that had the E in it In the Key West area couldn't say w- we were related to him Interviewer: Oh 289: But he didn't get to be that #1 famous movie star # Interviewer: #2 yeah did # 289: anyway Interviewer: What kind of 289: he did the horr- a lot of horrors the Frankensteins and Draculas Things like that Interviewer: You mean like yeah okay 289: I don't even remember too much of what he looked like #1 no # Interviewer: #2 yeah did you ever you # Ever see him 289: Not in person #1 just in the movies # Interviewer: #2 and you haven't seen the # Movies 289: Yeah The old Frankensteins way back Interviewer: Okay Interviewer: Questions first {X} um your full name? 299: Margaret {B} {B} {B} Interviewer: Okay and your address? 299: It's {B} Tennessee Interviewer: Okay, And your address? {B} 299: Tennessee Interviewer: Okay The name of this community? 299: {B} Community Interviewer: And the county? 299: Houston Interviewer: Okay and um where were you born? 299: Well I was born in Houston County but um Grice's Creek. That's G-U-I-C-E-S Creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh how far away is that? 299: Well um uh that's about a {NS} seventeen miles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: It's ten miles to {D: Erin} and it's about seven miles beyond {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm How long did you live there? 299: Well uh 'til I married. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: Which is in uh about twenty two years. Interviewer: Okay and um how old are you? 299: Thirty seven I can't even remember. {C:Laughing} I can't hardly remember{C: laughing} Interviewer: And um let's see what have you ever done any work outside your home? 299: Yes I work at uh a secretary to the Houston county board of education. Interviewer: Okay and um what church do you go to? 299: Church of Christ Interviewer: That new one that they're? 299: Uh huh well well {NS} no not the new one down here the one up the road. Interviewer: And tell me about the schools that you've gone to. 299: Well uh {X} down below Grice's Creek I went to elementary school I started in the first grade {C: tape noise} and went through the eighth grade at a two teacher school. Interviewer: Uh huh what was? 299: Spring Hill Interviewer: Was that the name of? 299: S-P-R-I-N-G H-I-L-L Interviewer: Uh huh okay and that was through how? 299: Well uh first grade through the eighth grade. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: And then I went to Houston County High School. Four years Interviewer: Where was that? 299: In Erin that's just about ten miles {X}. Interviewer: Uh huh Have you done much traveling? 299: No I haven't very little. Interviewer: Okay and um I like to get an idea of um you know what um just sort of what people you associate with a lot you know if you're real active in clubs or 299: #1 Well you see I have # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 299: worked eighteen years at this one job well I'm going on nineteen years. I started the work uh in the fall after I finished high school. And so I have worked there all my life you know what I mean? {C: tape noise} So I've met almost everybody in the county through just my job. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And course other than work {C: tape noise} and the church on Sunday {C: tape noise} there's very little other things that you know I do. Interviewer: Yeah 299: I don't belong to any clubs or anything. {C: tape noise} but really I have met almost everyone in the county through this my job and {C: Cough} Interviewer: Tell me about your parents um 299: Well {C: tape noise} {D: I've} there's a ten children in the family as far as that goes.{C: tape noise} My mother and daddy are still living. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But my grandfather was from West Tennessee on my daddy's side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: So he's really the only uh one that wasn't originally from Houston County. {C: tape noise} But he {C:Coughing} was borned in West Tennessee. In a little place called well his people live in Finger. Finger, Tennessee {C: tape noise} And you know Robin Beard the congressman Interviewer: Uh huh 299: His name he's got the same last name that I had. And uh I know his name came out of the paper showing that he's visiting Finger, Tennessee making his {C: tape noise} speeches and uh that was were my grandfather was really from down there. Interviewer: Is that were his his folks were from? 299: Mm-hmm And uh he uh came to live her and uh paint when he was about nineteen years old. Some {C: tape noise} -where in his teens {C: tape noise} up on Grice's Creek. And I believe she left him the place when she died this place where my daddy was born. So that's how come him didn't come to Tennessee and he was actually about nineteen years older than my grandmother. In fact he was he fought in the Civil War and she was born when the Civil during the Civil War. So that's how much difference there was in their ages. Interviewer: Do you know um how much education they had? Your parents 299: #1 My parents # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 299: #1 now my mother # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 299: she finished high school and uh and went to summer school or something and got a certificate and taught school two years. And my father he's a finished the eighth grade I believe. Interviewer: What work did he do? 299: He farmed all of his life. Interviewer: What about your grandparents do you know anything about their education? Or occupations or? 299: Well my grandparents on my daddy's side my he- my- his daddy farmed all his life too. And course his wife she never did anything but just house wife. Interviewer: Yeah 299: And my grandparents on my mother's side uh well my granddaddy he ran a grocery store all of his life that I remember that I actually you know went to the grocery all the time to. And then course my grandmother on my mother's side she didn't she just a house wife Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about their education do you have any idea? 299: I really don't know but my grandfather on my mother's side was a he was a justice of peace in uh sorta was always active in politics and and county affairs I guess you would say. Interviewer: Okay um and would you know anything about your your family further back you know maybe what well maybe before they came to Tennessee or when you know anything like that? 299: Um no not really see my grandfather that's from West Tennessee as far really knowing a lot about his people didn't anyone {NS} know anything about him much. Except um mother says my mother says that her mother-n-law said one day that uh {C: tape noise} he had a red headed sister with brown eyes and she said uh {D: how} said she always wished that uh somebody in the family would have a child with red hair and brown eyes. So uh out of all of my brothers and sisters mother had one girl that had red hair and the brown eyes. And so she said she just always remembered that they said that grandpa had a sister with read hair. Interviewer: Yeah 299: But as far as knowing much about his people we didn't. I don't think they even visited much cause that was a long ways to go you know. Interviewer: Yeah it sure was. Um 299: And of course ah {C: tape noise} my grandfather on my mother's side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Course like you know I said he was borned on Grice's Creek and everything {C: tape noise} and um his father which was my great grandfather Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Oh when he was born they didn't even think he was gonna live so they didn't bother to name him.{C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} And when he got old enough he could named hisself {C:Laughing} so that's my great grandfather.{C: tape noise} So he actually {C: tape noise} had three wives he ah married my grandfather's mother and then she died and he got married again.{C: tape noise} And had two children and she died.{C: tape noise} And then he married a real young woman about nineteen years old and he was oh I guess he was way up in his fifties then {C: tape noise} and they had one child. So he had three wives. {C:Laughing} But it so other than that I don't really know ah a whole lot about you know Interviewer: Yeah 299: anything that's of any interest much. Interviewer: What um what about your husband? How old is he? 299: Uh he's seven years older than I am so he's uh forty four. Interviewer: Okay and um what church does he go to? 299: He doesn't go. But he's he's really a member of the Church of Christ, but he Interviewer: Um and what about his education? 299: He finished eighth grade. Interviewer: Okay what work does he do? 299: He's disable. Interviewer: Has he ever been? 299: Well yeah he's a has worked in Michigan at a when his younger days he worked in Michigan at the automobile plants and things out there. And he was in the Navy Interviewer: Uh huh 299: three years before I even knew him really. Interviewer: Did you ever live in Michigan? Or was that before you met him? 299: That was before I met him that's before he ever married before he went into service he he worked in Michigan off and on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Over the years but I didn't didn't even know him then. We've lived here ever since he ever since we've been married. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um do you know where he's from or where his parents are from? 299: Oh yeah he's from just about {C: tape noise} four miles over the hill is of the same kind. {C: laughs} Interviewer: Uh huh And um what about his parents? Were the born around here? Would you know? 299: Ah {C: tape noise} well his daddy was born on Grice's Creek {C: tape noise} and his mother was borned uh well it is on the other side of Grice's Creek I don't know what you'd call it. It's several miles beyond Grice's Creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What's this um community like has it changed much since you've? 299: Well {C: tape noise} this community? Interviewer: Uh huh growing up here 299: Well see I haven't actually {C: tape noise} lived here but uh in this community for about {C: tape noise} think six years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: So as far as knowing much about this community uh I don't really know a lot about it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But uh because like I said I was born in Grice's Creek and then after we married we uh lived in Erin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Which are you familiar with Erin? Interviewer: I'm staying there. 299: Mm-hmm well that's where uh we lived there in an apartment for awhile after we married. And then from there we moved here and we've lived here then ever since. So Interviewer: How many years did you live in Erin? 299: Um well we lived there from fifty eight to to sixty seven. So it would be about nine. Somewhere around nine years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um well this tell me some about what um well the town that you grew up in how that was what that was like then and you know what it's like now and. 299: The community where I I was born? Interviewer: Just the community that you are most familiar with. 299: Well {C: tape noise} the course the community where I was born and raised um Grice which is a {C: tape noise} Grice's Creek community was which is just a a farming community and ah it's just farms and uh well um {C: tape noise} {X} there was ten in our family and then just uh on the next farm in sight there was the neighbors they had I think it was seventeen children in their family. {C: tape noise} And then on the other side of us my aunt lived up the road my daddy's sister {C: tape noise} and they had seven or eight children. {C: tape noise} So uh {C: tape noise} then on up the road on ever ever neighbor and family almost had as many as six or seven or eight children. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: So uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} but {C: tape noise} course us and the family down the road from us {C: tape noise} had the sixteen or seventeen children. Ah we were the closest of all of course we uh {C: tape noise} played together all of our lives. But uh other than that we never did even as much as we didn't even get as far as Erin very often which was six {C: tape noise} I'd say six or seven miles to town. {C: tape noise} So we very seldom even went to town. It was a rare occasion when uh {C: tape noise} we went to town. And uh my granddaddy on my mother's side which lived about a mile up the road from us he had a he ran the grocery store up there which we spent a lot of time up there and just thought we had got to town when we got to the grocery store. And he had a well it is either an A model or T model Ford I don't know which it was cause his back then very few people in that community even had a car. But he did have a car {Cough} so sometimes when I spent the night up there my grandmother would let me go to town with them. So we would there I'd be about say six years old or something and sometimes it would be winter time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: but he'd buy me an ice cream cone and then take me to the court house where he'd spend all of his time probably sitting talking to the old lawyers there in town and there were other {X} and things like that. And so that was my trips to town usually which was very seldom. Interviewer: Yeah 299: And uh really uh now see all of the people in that community all the children all those people have married and moved away. And so there is really nobody there now but just older couples in the community. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And uh in fact see I don't there is still just one brother at home at mother's and that's all. He's not married. And then uh the neighbors down the road that had the seventeen there's not any at home there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And uh should I answer? Interviewer: If that's your phone yeah. {C:Ringing} There's only? 299: He's at his mother's now. His mother Interviewer: You were telling me about community growing up. 299: I really don't know anything else. Is there anything in general that you? Interviewer: I was just wondering um I had um noticed that it seemed most of these smaller communities people had sort of just moved out or you know just mainly older people. 299: Well see that's what happened to our community see my mother and daddy lived in where they still live and uh still live and then my the neighbors down the road there's just the couple man and woman. And up the road my aunt uh it's just the two of them and uh the old home place where I was born and were daddy's daddy's mother and daddy lived and everything uh it burned back uh few years ago it was one of these old uh two story houses you know that had the long front porch you know like you see a lot in the south. And uh so it burned so that house is gone. And um well I'd say from say within a two mile distance of where I was born and raised I'd say there's not but two children no there's about four children on that whole two mile space where when I was growing up well you couldn't count them because every family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: had eight or nine children and right now I know of four children on that whole two mile distance Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: of Grice's Creek. And that two teacher school where I went to school closed down. Interviewer: How is um the built they've down some have they built these lakes recently? Or just built up this area? 299: Oh they've done a lot now this this Kentucky lake down here ah well it it was there when I was a child. I don't know actually what year it was uh formed or whatever they did because I did when I was just a child I did Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: I'd gone with some neighbors to see the lake and that was the first time I ever saw it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And uh oh I don't know course there has been a lot the TBA has moved in to Cumberland city which is about seven miles from where I was born and raised. The steam plant had just been built and just now it's just about completed now. And of course that's all come about just since I was growing up and uh of course there has been quite a few changes in this town of Erin. Even that I can remember the tore down so many of the old houses and course they built a new courthouse since I can remember and uh well it has just changed a lot. I don't know anything in general you know just Interviewer: Yeah someone had I looked at a map and there was a place up well it's up in Stewart County called um Tharpe. And then on this other map Tharpe wasn't on there. 299: Oh Interviewer: And I was wondering 299: I've heard of Tharpe community or Interviewer: Uh huh someone said 299: I've heard of that but I didn't know Interviewer: Someone said that just with all the making state parks and everything that that is had just been sort of wiped out. I was wondering if if they were trying to turn this area more into of a resort area just around here with the fishing. 299: Uh huh Interviewer: And tourism and everything. Coming to the lake 299: Well I haven't really uh heard anybody predict this now we do have oh so many people now that have their camps down here and all this. And um but I haven't heard anybody say {C: tape noise} that they would just turn this into a resort area {C: tape noise} like uh over in Stewart county they did turn this what they call the land between the lakes I understand and they bought out everybody {C: tape noise} almost that lived in that land. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Yeah that that was where Tharpe was. 299: It was. Well I knew a some people you know that moved even to Stewart there was an old lady that lived down here and there was {C: tape noise} another old couple that lived down on down below. {C: tape noise} But lived oh near {X} or somewhere in Stewart County. And they they had to move. And uh course I'm not too familiar with that type of thing you know but uh they had had their homes and their farms and all that it had been bought out. Interviewer: So all that that's the land between the lakes is just 299: Just the way I understand a camping area you know just {C: tape noise} there's nothing there I mean. I've never been there but uh everyone's that's been talk like you don't see very much of anything except Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: just it's just land between the lakes. And the bought out everyone that owned it. And everybody had to move out. And I know different ones that talk about the old houses and things that were just left you know maybe. Interviewer: {X} {C: Laughing} 299: But I'm not too familiar with all that cause we haven't actually had anything like that to really happen {C: tape noise} right here you know. Except this steam plant now {C: tape noise} this Cumberland city steam plant uh I guess they they did buy out some people that before they built that. But it's mostly right down there on that Cumberland River you see. So {C: tape noise} I don't know much about cause as far as the Grice's Creek community it still just about like it was as far as the land is concerned. The same people own the same land almost. That they did when I lived there. So nobody selled much out there. Everybody stayed Interviewer: Yeah {C: tape noise} I'd like to get any idea of the what the house you grew up in looks like um if 299: Well {C: tape noise} Interviewer: you know sort of a floor plan of it. If if you could sort of draw the floor plan {C: tape noise} and is I just wanna see 299: Well it's real simple {C: tape noise} {NS} just like {NS} just like this. {C: laughing} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What direction is it facing first of all? 299: I don't know my directions that well. I really don't. Interviewer: Do you just sort of take a guess of it? 299: Well let's see just a minute I believe it's facing south because because uh the reason I remember {C: tape noise} we'd go out on the back porch {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: and it seems that we'd always see those northern lights the call 'em you know {C: tape noise} that's in the sky. {C: tape noise} And the sun would {C: tape noise} come up at the end of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: So I believe it would be facing south and it's just uh it's just uh really one of these houses that has the long front porch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And it just has a closed in hall in the middle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And here's the well which is the living and bedroom combined now you see we just {C: tape noise} didn't have much space. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What did you call it? 299: We called it the house. {C: tape noise} {X}{C: tape noise} We called this room right here {C: tape noise} the room we stayed in we called it the house.{C: tape noise} And well this room was called the other room.{C: tape noise} Interviewer: {C:Laughing} 299: Now this is what the girl at work laughs at me about.{C: tape noise} the front door was right here. {C: tape noise} And this was a window right there {C: tape noise} and a window right there and a window there in that room. {C: tape noise} well a window there but {C: tape noise} and then off of this room there was the kitchen like that. {C: tape noise} And then the back porch was about like that. And of course a door went out on the back porch. {X} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: So 299: Really this is a long front porch {C: tape noise} and this this was a bedroom living room combined {C: tape noise} we just called it the house now as we's growing up {X} If we said going into the house we meant going in that room over there. Interviewer: That's the south 299: #1 That # Interviewer: #2 south um # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # West {C: tape noise} 299: Mm-hmm {C: tape noise} that's right and then a {C: tape noise} this was the hall way {C: tape noise} and this was {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} another room a bedroom or something. Well every room was a bedroom that wasn't the kitchen then {C: tape noise} because that many children. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} And so we um {C: tape noise} we just called this the house and this was the other room actually Interviewer: Directly across then from the the house {C: tape noise} 299: Uh huh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 And then the {U:self less} # 299: #2 Oh here was # here's the upstairs {C: tape noise} the steps in the hallway {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: went upstairs. {C: tape noise} And then upstairs there was there was a a room over this room {C: tape noise} this room and this room. {C: tape noise} Which was one of these just rooms like this you know I don't know if you are familiar with rooms that are not actually {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} a they're not full sized rooms {C: tape noise} see where the {C: tape noise} roof come up like this. Interviewer: Oh yeah {C: tape noise} 299: those little rooms upstairs nothing but little eaves. Interviewer: Yeah I 299: So uh {C: tape noise} but now there was upstairs rooms over this room and this room and this room. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: So it would be the? 299: But there was just this is the back porch right here so there was actually just the three rooms downstairs three little bitty rooms up- stairs. {C: tape noise} Now did you want me to label these? {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Yeah the kitchen then would be directly behind the the house. I mean the room. 299: Mm-hmm Interviewer: That be so in the in the south I mean the the north of west corner. 299: I'd say this is south and maybe this was north {C: tape noise} and uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: And then what's this again? 299: The this is the hall. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Yeah and this? 299: This is the {C: tape noise} stairway that went up to these first stairs. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: That's right in the hall 299: #1 right in the hall # Interviewer: #2 off the # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # #1 main room there. # 299: #2 uh huh # And uh this is the back {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Did you have rooms divided upstairs? {C: tape noise} 299: Uh yes {C: tape noise} these rooms were divided in fact there was a hallway {C: tape noise} upstairs a little hallway see these stairs went up from this hallway {C: tape noise} from the main floor. {C: tape noise} Hooking on those stairs {C: tape noise} and it had a little {C: tape noise} landing we called it {C: tape noise} stairs which was a little hallway and then it was divided into a the room on the one side {C: tape noise} and uh {C: tape noise} then the room on the other. And now this room over the kitchen was actually we never did use it except we called it a junk room we never did have a bed in there. But uh {C: tape noise} really this upstairs room over this room {C: tape noise} a bedroom for the usually for some of the girls. And the boys had this {C: tape noise} bedroom upstairs {C: tape noise} over the house. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {C: Laughing} {X} So it is exactly the same design upstairs? 299: Uh huh Interviewer: Except for the porches. 299: Except for the porches uh huh. And the rooms of those that have the eaves like that. {X} You couldn't stand up anywhere but in the middle of the room really when you got over {C: tape noise} the sides you had to kind of stoop over. {X} {C: tape noise} I didn't know how to label these these are actually Interviewer: Uh huh 299: that bed the room over there is uh it's just the main room that we we lived in. but Course in those days we didn't have a living room Interviewer: Suit 299: -thing we just had chairs beds. {NW} And as far as the house it's still the same now. It it hasn't been changed but a very little. Except just within the past few months mother has had a room built off the kitchen right here sort of a utility room. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: So there's the 299: That's the only change to the house you might say Interviewer: Is extending west off the kitchen? 299: Uh huh Interviewer: How did you have it heated? 299: With just these uh tin heaters with wood. Interviewer: Uh huh What about uh an older um type house how would that be heated? {C: tape noise} 299: Fireplaces maybe uh {NW} see this uh this house {C: tape noise} when {C: tape noise} daddy and mother moved there it had a fireplace {C: tape noise} and that's how we heated that main room Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: uh when uh this room here where this window was here it was a big tall chimney and a fireplace there. And I can remember as a child actually you know that was the only way of heating in that room was the fireplace. And uh so uh that was the only heat we had course in the kitchen we cooked with the wood {C: tape noise} and on a wood stove. In fact my mother is still cooking on a wood stove even though she's got electric. {X} But she still cooks on a wood stove. Cause she likes it. {C: tape noise} She nearly burns up this way. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {NW} 299: My mother hasn't changed hardly any since over the years Interviewer: Yeah um tell me about a fireplace the the part that the smoke would go up through what would you call that? 299: Well I just the chimney {C: tape noise} is what we called it. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay you know on at a factory you might have something similar a big a bigger thing. 299: Uh huh Interviewer: Would you call that a chimney? #1 Or would you have # 299: #2 or smoke stack # Interviewer: Huh? 299: Smoke stack Interviewer: Ah okay and um the the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace? 299: The hearth Interviewer: Okay 299: Ah Interviewer: Do you ever remember cooking on that? 299: Well Interviewer: Or is that 299: {X} well really when I was say about five years old before I started to school {C: tape noise} when we actually heated with the fireplace. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: I can kinda of remember mother putting um {C: tape noise} a pot of something say beans on to start them to simmer or something {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} and but actually cooking on it she didn't {C: tape noise} and I can remember her uh {C: tape noise} heating {C: tape noise} water with uh well she'd get a great big kettle of some kind and she'd course we didn't have hot water and so I can remember heating hot water {C: tape noise} on that a lot. In fact she would just set it you know some fireplaces are made with the hooks where you hook pots on but this one wasn't. And so one day she had this pot of {C: tape noise} hot water boiling you know to maybe she was going to wash diapers I imagine {C: tape noise} and she was sitting in front of this fireplace attending to the baby. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And this uh the wood {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} broke you know burned in two. And this hot water all come {C: tape noise} just turned over and poured out on her. {NS} And it burned her legs All underneath her she grabbed the baby and and {X} So therefore {NS} {X} {X} {NW} {X} So {X} you want to hear more about the fire? {NW} {NW} But uh as far as mother cooking on it I can't remember but like I said I do remember heating water on it. {C: tape noise} And uh {C: tape noise} and then oh I can remember {C: tape noise} after we the next winter {NS} probably after we quit heating with it uh we put up a tin heater Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: to burn wood in it to heat the house and uh {C: tape noise} see they didn't close in the fireplace right at the time right at the first and I can remember uh when the rest of the kids had gone to school well we would {C: tape noise} get what ever we were going to eat for dinner and get back in the fireplace {C: tape noise} and sit back in there in eat because it was just a {C: tape noise} a nook you know back in that. So that's I do remember that about it and I was just about five years old then. Interviewer: What about say if you were going to start a fire what would you call that kind of wood? 299: Kindling kindling Interviewer: And you know you might have a big piece of wood that you put towards the back? 299: The backlog Interviewer: Okay what would you lay the wood on? 299: Oh those dog irons {NW} that's what I'd call. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard any other name for that? 299: Really I haven't I don't. Interviewer: Okay um what about the oh the place about the fireplace? 299: The mantle Interviewer: You ever hear any other names for that? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay um I was thinking of fire board or or clock shelf 299: Uh uh no I haven't Interviewer: Um the black stuff that that you clean that gets up in the chimney? 299: Soot Interviewer: Okay and the stuff that you have to clean out of the fireplace? 299: Ashes you mean? Interviewer: Uh huh Okay um and talk about things that you might have in a room um? {X} 299: Well I say a chair {C: tape noise} but uh what a lot of people say "cheers." {C: pronunciation demonstration of "chairs"} {NW} But we always say chair but we had our neighbors that say "cheers." {C: pronunciation of neighbors' "chairs"} {NW} Interviewer: What about this thing that we are sitting on now? {C: tape noise} 299: Well {C: tape noise} we call it a couch {C: tape noise} but I've {C: tape noise} but when I was growing up we called them devonettes {C: laughing} {NW} {C: tape noise} But really couches and devonettes and sofas {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh huh For it all mean the same thing? {C: tape noise} 299: Mm-hmm as far as I'm concerned it does. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay um what about something that you might have in your bedroom 299: Well {C: tape noise} Interviewer: to put your clothes in? {C: tape noise} 299: Well uh we used to call them chifforobes. Interviewer: What was that like? 299: Well it was uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} it just a big tall piece of furniture that had uh {C: tape noise} usually it had uh {C: tape noise} one big door {C: tape noise} like a closet kind of but then it had {C: tape noise} three drawers. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Maybe on this side with the mirror or maybe up over those three drawers or some kind have the mirror up over ah another little {X} there's different types but we didn't ever actually have one. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} But I the neighbors had one and they called it the chifforobe. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Did you have a place for hanging the clothes up there? In the in the chifforobe? {C: tape noise} 299: In that part {C: tape noise} yeah that compartment had the long door {C: tape noise} it had uh a rod I believe a little short rod but I don't think there was much space and usually my stuff {C: tape noise} it had to. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} The place was about that big to hang clothes. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: About a foot? 299: Yeah and it would be about the length of say a dress {C: tape noise} i think. And then the drawers {X} now my grandmother she had uh a big two compartment you know it had two big doors and {C: tape noise} she it was tall. She had a real good one it was almost like a closet but it was actually a sorta of a homemade chiff- chifforobe. {NW} Interviewer: What other things? 299: Uh you mean? Interviewer: For putting clothes in. 299: Well other than closets uh Interviewer: What about something just with drawers in it but doesn't have a place for hanging them up? 299: Oh we had those chest of drawers we called it. Interviewer: Okay 299: That's all we had. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any other name? 299: Well {C: tape noise} uh yeah {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Bureau or something like that? 299: Well {C: tape noise} uh yeah I've heard them called a bureau {C: tape noise} br- {C: tape noise} bureau's but I I'd forgotten about yeah. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What about something that maybe has has drawers in it and it has a mirror to it? 299: Say like a dress {C: tape noise} well uh say like a dresser Interviewer: Mm-hmm Talk about what's is that how's that different from a does that always have a mirror to it or? How would you describe that? 299: Well I describe it always {C: tape noise} having a mirror usually but now back I can remember when people had and we didn't actually have those the kind of those dressing tables it actually just had {C: tape noise} a mirror that hung over them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And our neigh {C: tape noise} But uh and our neighbors had uh they didn't have ah what you call a dresser they had uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} something that had three shelves in it and they just called them the shelves {C: tape noise} and they had a mirror that hung over that. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And uh everytime they always would go to the she they'd say go {C: tape noise} to the shelves and get whatever it was you know and uh so they always talked about the shelves which we didn't have. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah 299: But uh {X} for me with those dressing tables and the neighbors who'd have the shelves. Interviewer: Um what about something that you might have in in your windows to something on rollers solid material 299: Shade the shades. Interviewer: Okay that's that's solid material isn't? 299: Uh huh it's usually some kind of matting it's vinyl or Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: but yes it just unrolls on shades Interviewer: Okay and um say if a little room at the top of the house not really a an upstairs exactly what might you call that? {NW} 299: Really I I don't really know. I think I couldn't think of anything. Interviewer: Do you ever speak of a loft or sky parlor or attic 299: Well attic {C: tape noise} yes see that's what you'd really call it {C: tape noise} and in a way our rooms upstairs a lot of people would call them the attics. {C: tape noise} Which they weren't actually the upstairs rooms. {C: tape noise} But uh the attic is about the only word that I'm real familiar with. Interviewer: Okay um and now have you ever heard of well I guess your house didn't have it but in kitchens um you know people using a different type kitchen in the summer than they did in the winter. 299: Yeah see I'm not familiar with that either but see I've I have read you know uh a lotta I used to read a lot of books you know about the South it's always kinda of fascinating. And uh {C: tape noise} the way they did and they always had in these books I read they talked about the summer kitchen and this type of stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And uh in fact they even had it appeared that they even had sinks or something where they even washed the vegetables in some kitchen or something. {C: tape noise} Now this house that my where my daddy was born and raised where I was actually born but we moved into this one after I was born. {C: tape noise} It had the two main rooms downstairs and upstairs it had the big long front porch sort of like this one {C: tape noise} but on the back {C: tape noise} it had a long front porch and it went all the way down the back {C: tape noise} upstairs and downstairs on both front and back. {C: tape noise} And then it had a we called it the game plan or something {C: tape noise} that just went {C: tape noise} out into the outside {C: tape noise} and the kitchen was actually a little {C: tape noise} little room outside. {C: tape noise} It didn't even connect {C: tape noise} the only thing that connected it to the main {C: tape noise} house {C: tape noise} was a that little {C: tape noise} a walkway {C: tape noise} that walked and it wasn't even covered over over over the top. And at my daddy's home place to go from the kitchen to the bedrooms or the rooms they actually stayed you went across that little plank porch of a thing to that room. And it it was actually it was a kitchen all out there itself. And but it but this house was built back well in the southern days when you know back when {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} years and years and they probably even had slaves {C: tape noise} and probably even had slaves just cook in the kitchen probably I don't know {C: tape noise} But it that I'd forgotten about that but that's what it was yeah that kitchen was completely little{C: tape noise} house out there. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: And uh it would actually you'd actually get get wet going to the kitchen. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called anything besides kitchen? Did you ever hear of cook house or cook room or? 299: No we never did. {C: tape noise} We never did call it anything else. Now uh at the school Springhill school where I went to school uh back before I started to school you know uh that was back in I guess it was Roosevelt days you know well they built a cook house they called it then a little house out at the corner of the school ground. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And they they actually cooked meals in that little room {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} in that little house and carried them into the main school room and served them. And uh they called that the cook house and it was referred to as the cook house {C: tape noise} but they see all that closed down bout the time I started to school you know and ah they was given commodities up until I started school. {C: tape noise} And then they closed that down they actually never did have a lunch room there at the school as long as I was going. But then after I started the high school they uh started this new lunch program that is in effect now were they actually give the commodities and everything. My older sister and brothers actually went to school where they did have the cook house out in the corner of the the school ground. {C: tape noise} And that little house stayed out there all the years that I was in school and we referred to it as the cook house. But it just they stored junk in it when I was in school. Interviewer: Yeah What would you um where would you keep your canned goods and dishes? 299: Well a lot of people had pantries which we didn't have at home. And uh we just uh uh had 'em in what we called the kitchen cabinet and the safe and {X} safe. Interviewer: I think I know what you are talking about. 299: It's it's usually there they maybe white or something {C: tape noise} some of them stand up on four legs {C: tape noise} high across the floor {C: tape noise} and some of them are not they are long ones. {C: tape noise} But they're just uh ah it's a piece of furniture that has {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} usually those big tall ones have two doors up above and a drawer in the middle and two doors down below. And mother's got both kinds and then these that's got the four long legs. It sits up on legs just has two little doors they have shelves in it. {NW} {NW} {C: tape noise} And then the kitchen cabinet {C: tape noise} which is not like the cabinets we have now mother still has one of those it's just a kitchen cabinet with the two doors above with a compartment down here where you usually keep your salt and spices and everything and then the door and drawers down here underneath and it has this counter that pulls out with a biscuit board Interviewer: Uh huh So that's a piece of furniture then rather than something 299: Uh huh it's uh in other words it's not installed in the building {C: tape noise} it's just a piece of furniture that you can move it around. My mother still has that the kitchen cabinet the safes and of course she still has the wood cook stove. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: She's got nothing built-in in her kitchen Interviewer: Talk about the daily house work you'd say that a woman does what every morning? 299: What does she do every morning? Interviewer: Yeah to the house you'd say every morning she? 299: Well I'd say does her house work. Interviewer: Okay um say if you were sweeping the floor and dusting and so forth you'd say that you were? 299: Cleaning Interviewer: Okay Um and the thing that you sweep with? 299: Broom Interviewer: Okay and say if if the broom were were right there in that corner you'd say that it was? Where? See the the door's open so the it's sort of hiding you'd say that the broom was? 299: I'd just say that it was in that corner Interviewer: Okay but in relation to the door you'd that it? 299: Behind the door Interviewer: Okay and um maybe this is too far back for you but traditionally at least on Monday woman usually did their? 299: Their washing Interviewer: Okay and on Tuesday's? 299: The ironing usually Interviewer: Okay what what might you call both washing and ironing together? 299: The laundry I guess. Interviewer: Okay and um you mentioned um that you had a I think you said a stairway inside the house 299: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Would you use that same word um talking about something say from the ground to the porch? 299: No we called them step we called them steps. Interviewer: Okay um and um you know different types of there are different types of porches you know do what would you call say a porch that comes off the second floor of the house? 299: Oh I've heard them call verandas {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay {NW} 299: that but uh {C: tape noise} I'm not familiar too much with that. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What about other names for different? 299: Balconies or balconies or {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Is that from the second floor? 299: I would think so uh huh. {C: tape noise} Yeah I have heard of people talk about from the balcony. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um say a porch that goes around the corner of the house or a small porch off the back or do you think of any different names? 299: Well course now-a-days patios they {C: tape noise} you know use that a lot but uh back then a it was just the back porch and the front porch usually and now a lot of people called a different a {C: tape noise} I don't know if they's referring to steps or what they'd call them the stoops. Now I don't know if they's talking about a little porch usually {C: tape noise} to me when I think of a stoop they used to call it {C: tape noise} the stoops I think of a little small porch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: It's not it's not a step and it's not actually a porch it's Interviewer: Yeah 299: And I've heard people call them stoops but now I don't know it's I can't think of anything right now. Interviewer: Okay did you ever heard of dog trot or dog run? 299: Yeah I've heard of the dog trot and and I really I imagine {C: tape noise} anybody might call that little porch that went over to the kitchen where my daddy was born and raised somebody might even call that a dog trot I mean it was a it was a little porch that ran out from the main porch you know to connect to the kitchen. That's kind of what it was a dog trot {NW} Interviewer: What what is a dog trot mean I'm not I didn't grow up hearing the word I'm not really sure how 299: #1 I really don't know. # Interviewer: #2 What do you picture # when someone says when you talk about dog trot? 299: Well you think of a little {C: tape noise} porch that a dog would {C: tape noise} trot across you know. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: So just something long and narrow? 299: Uh huh {C: tape noise} in other words there's not much to it except a narrow thing {C: tape noise} that's what I think of {C: tape noise} but I'm not too sure cause a lot of things I've just heard and I don't really know. Interviewer: Yeah Okay um say if that's open and you don't want it to be you'd tell someone to? 299: Close the door. Interviewer: Or another word you might use? 299: Shut the door. Interviewer: Okay And um you know some houses have have these boards Interviewer: boards that lap on the outside of the house that lap over each other you know? 299: Oh well we called that weather weather boarding Interviewer: Okay 299: block. Now there are things like clap clapboard or something but I don't know for sure but uh the houses say kind of like this one on the outside we call it just weather boarding. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And that's usually what we called it. Interviewer: Where did you hear the other word? 299: Clapboard? Interviewer: Yeah where'd you? 299: I don't really know probably and uh I've I've heard of these uh you know old houses and I've seen some old houses you know that have fallen down that have these what they called I call clapboard roofs that actually looks like little wooden shingles. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: That's that look lays in layers. A lot of the old houses I've seen falling down have those clapboard roofs I call them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay um say if you were um going to hang up a picture or something you'd say I took the hammer and I what? 299: Drove the nail I Interviewer: Okay and if it didn't get in far enough you say the nails got to be? What in further? 299: Drove in further is what I'd say. {NW} Interviewer: And you'd say say say you you pick up the the hammer and you what the nail in further? 299: Drive drive the nail in further. Interviewer: Okay And um the part that that covers the the top of the house is called the? 299: Roof Interviewer: Okay and the um the little things on the edge of the roof that carry the water off? 299: Gutters Interviewer: Is that built into the house or built into the roof or does that hang or? 299: Well now this house they're just they're just uh fastened on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: but uh in in older houses they're not actually they're just wired on sometimes they're just actually just kind of laying at the eaves of the houses and just run down into something you know. Interviewer: What about say if you have a house at an L you know up on the roof where the two of them come together you have the? 299: Oh I guess I'd call it eave of the house I don't know. Interviewer: Okay and um what are some of the buildings that you'd have outside on a farm? 299: Well Interviewer: #1 Besides the house # 299: #2 course # the barn course you have your barn. Interviewer: Uh-huh what do you keep in the barn? 299: Well horses you mean what kind of animals? Interviewer: Yeah 299: Horses and of course cows and uh and uh mostly horses and cows because you don't keep hogs in the barn usually then you usually have a hog you might have hog shelters or hog pens. With uh little hog shelters and they stay there. And then you have a crib corn crib. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And then you'd have uh sometimes you'd have wagon sheds. And then we had a wood shed and we had a smoke house and we had a wood shed and we had what we called a wash house. See where mother kept her washing machine. She'd uh course I could still remember I remember when she didn't have even washing machine and she had the rub board and the tubs. And then we had a toilet that's when we didn't we had just an outdoor toilet. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: And Interviewer: Did that have any other names? besides outdoor toilet? 299: Uh a lot of people just say out house the out house. Now but other than that I don't know any just we always called it the toilet. Mm So that's that's all that we actually had. Interviewer: Where'd you keep grain? 299: Um well like corn in the corn field but other than that we didn't actually have any anything much that would be ah so I just said corn in the corn crib and then we didn't have if you had wheat sometimes people used to have wheat houses now one of our neighbors had what they called a wheat house but oh we didn't actually have what we called a wheat house. They actually poured the wheat grain in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But we didn't have one. Interviewer: You ever heard of a granary? 299: I've heard of 'em but I'm not even familiar with them. Interviewer: They never had them in this area? 299: I don't think so uh-uh. It's not even a thing that I am really familiar with. Interviewer: Yeah what where did you keep hay? 299: We kept it in the loft of the barn. See that's the barn had a a loft Interviewer: Uh huh 299: and uh so we kept hay up in it. Interviewer: How was your barn laid out? 299: Well it had the had the big hallway going through the middle of it with the two big doors that opened and then on each side of that big hallway you had your stables. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Individual stables and stalls they called them. And they had on one the first room was always your gear room Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: where all the horses' gear and everything was kept and then in all those other stables is where the cows and horses went. Then a you went up a ladder on each side of that hallway up into first it was this lower these lower compartments where they put hay then a upper compartment you put hay. And we actually had one of these hay forks that uh hang in the front of the barn that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: that the they can unload the hay with that hay fork and carried it up to the barn. Interviewer: Do they call both of those you said they had two levels? 299: Yeah we just all called it the hay loft both of them. Because I don't know why that middle compartment was actually raised higher than the two side ones I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But actually the two lower part really made the made the the tops of your stables your stables down below see that was actually the roof of your stables. But it was also the floor of that arm. But then this middle section I don't know why it was higher I really don't. Interviewer: Just it just goes sort of like this then? 299: It yeah yeah it did that it it just went like that. You know. And uh you actually had to sort of jump from that top part down to this other loft even. There was a space in there you could have actually fell through down into the the hallway of you know the barn. {NW} So it was kind of dangerous. Interviewer: I don't guess anyone ever actually fell through though. 299: However different ones have fell out however quite a few people have fallen out of lofts and jumping out on rusty nails. That happened a lot. Interviewer: Ew. 299: I knew a girl that jumped out on a rusty nail and she's actually had her leg taken off since. It happened when she's a child Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: It shot up this you know um blood poison whatever. Interviewer: Yeah 299: First they took her heel off then they took her foot off and then they took her leg off at the knee. Well she kept on it until they taken her leg off from that in appeared from from the time she's a child just stepping on that rusty nail until she was grown. I don't it just never would completely feel right or heal I guess it just she like to died I guess. Cuz a rusty nail around a barn seems one of the most dangerous things. Interviewer: Yeah 299: Cuz it's got all that tetanus whatever it is you know. Interviewer: Yeah 299: It's dangerous Interviewer: Um say if you had too much hay to put put up in the loft? 299: You'd put in a hay stack. Interviewer: Okay well what did that look like? 299: Well uh our hay stacks at home was nothing but a big they'd take a big long pole Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: and drive it in the middle in the ground and then they would unload hay around it and build it up until it would actually all be built around this pole. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And it would just be formed just like that just a hay stack and uh that that also do uh now it was wheat stacks we used to have wheat and it would thrash wheat but we always put our wheat in just sacks you know when it thrash and but then your wheat straw also went into these stacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And a wheat a wheat stack is a good place to play. It you can slide off that straw it's slick and oh it's fun to play on. Interviewer: {NW} Do you ever see any other um you ever see a covered hay stack? 299: I have seen 'em mm-hmm Interviewer: Or something with a roof to it sort of? 299: No really I haven't. Interviewer: What was the covered hay stack like? 299: No the covered hay stacks I'm familiar with I've seen hay stacks just out in the open like that it would actually have something like a wagon sheet or a covering that they would just fasten down probably through this pole and just let it hang around it. That's about all I am familiar with as far as a being covered you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever see hay kept out in a field in anything any other construction I'd guess you say besides a hay stack? Do you ever see something with more than one pole you know it just sort of loosely maybe sort of long shaped? 299: No really I haven't now baled hay we've had course baled hay. But no I haven't really. Uh in fact before course when back from when we used to cut hay you'd haul to the barn before we actually had baled hay we made hay shocks we shocked hay they called it. And what you did you actually put it in these little individual shocks and they'd come along with a wagon and use these pitch forks and loaded it on the the wagon right there. But first they'd rake it with a the mule you'd say. And then we would have to shock it they called it into little individual shocks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Then they'd haul it to the barn. Interviewer: I see. Um you mentioned you had cows did you ever um have any special places for keeping the cows maybe a fenced in place to 299: We took Interviewer: milk them in or? 299: We just called it the lot in other words you had your barn and then then around the barn it is always fenced in and that fenced in place is called the lot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Course a lot of people would say the barnyard or something like that but we didn't we'd always just called it the lot. Interviewer: Is it did you ever have any where did you milk them? Say 299: Well mother used to milk them in this uh either in this hallway of the barn or in these little individual stalls. You know these little she {X} down for the front of each individual stables. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And and milk 'em and then run them back out into the pasture or back out in to the lot. Where ever they's gonna stay. And uh but she always milks there in the hallway of the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm You ever hear of a a cow pen or a milk gap or any sort of small fenced in area? That you might 299: I've heard of the milk gap but just heard of it I don't I'm not familiar with it. Interviewer: Okay um and where'd you where did people used to keep their milk and butter? Before they had refrigerators have you ever? 299: Well mother kept hers in the cellar uh-huh we had uh just a cellar underneath the smoke house and it was one of these that uh you've heard of a cellar they had the cellar doors those little slant doors that you raised and actually went down into the cellar. And my grandmother they had a spring. And course my husband's mother they have a spring and they actually kept their butter in the spring and they have what they call a milk box in the spring which was just a little wooden box and they set their milk and their butter in some kind of container down in that box to keep it from floating away. But all we ever had was a cellar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And we usually had to keep tubs of water in the cellar and keep the milk in the sitting in that water. Interviewer: You get water from the spring or something? 299: Well we had just a cistern we didn't have a spring so that's all we had was just a cistern. So it wasn't actually very cold we thought it was cause we didn't know what cold was. And so that that was the only thing and we we didn't even have an ice box until you know I mean well these old ice boxes where you actually put the big blocks of ice in it until uh finally we got electricity when I was oh I was a pretty good size and got a refrigerator then. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: But up until that we kept it in the cellar. Interviewer: What about um what about a place now where where they might have milked cows and and a big farm where they have nothing but these cows? 299: Like dairies or something? Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever hear that word um dairy used for anything to refer to anything besides this farm? 299: No not really. No I guess I haven't Interviewer: Okay um where would you let your animals out to graze? 299: In the pasture. Interviewer: Did you was this was fenced in? 299: Mm-hmm you ours was yeah. Interviewer: Uh huh do I guess this would be before your time but um a long time ago you know when they didn't have um laws that said 299: Yeah Interviewer: you had to? 299: That's right the no fence laws. Interviewer: Uh-huh do you know where where you'd let them out then? 299: No I don't Interviewer: I mean would you call that the pasture? 299: Well they really grazed on the open range maybe I don't know. They called it a I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um and you know when what do you say when you do when you you take a hoe and and get the grass out between the? 299: Well we always called it we hoed the corn but now most people say we chopped corn we chopped at the corn or looked at. We never did call it chopping corn well we called it hoeing corn. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about cotton? 299: Well see we never did have cotton here. But most people say chop cotton. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: But uh we never did have cotton. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And actually there's a difference in chopping at corn and this hoeing corn really in a way. Interviewer: What's that? 299: Chopping when you chop that corn you just chop the weeds out but when you actually hoe something you you may rake the dirt to the corn you know. Interviewer: I see 299: But uh we always just said we hoed corn Interviewer: Okay um corn would grow in a what? 299: A little you mean Interviewer: Yeah what what would you call? 299: A corn field really Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: just a field. Or a new ground course. Interviewer: What's new ground? 299: It's just uh cleared land that's never been used before. Where you've actually gone out and cut the trees and bushes out and and we had lots of those too. And then raise corn for the first time in what you call new ground. But uh well you just called it the corn field or the corn patch I guess. Interviewer: Corn patch? 299: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Is that the same is the patch the same as a field? 299: Well the patch is usually a smaller place. Interviewer: What sort of things grew in a patch? 299: Well uh we always had potato patch and we said tobacco patch cause you usually had a small patch of tobacco and uh pea patch Interviewer: Uh-huh did you have turnips? 299: Turnip patch yeah patch that's that's all I can think of right now. Interviewer: Okay um and kinds of fences that that you might have? 299: Well you have the barbed wire Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: barbed wire fences or the rail fences. Interviewer: What what did the rail fence look like? 299: Well it was made out of wood and uh we actually had one of those when I was growing up but we don't have any more. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But they just they just long rails of wood and they're stacked and then criss crossed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And uh they did have three or four uh rails to to a section. Cross 'em and just that and continue on till you'd make your fence. Interviewer: Do you ever hear different types of rail fences? 299: I'm not familiar with them see just that one we had and that's all that I know. Interviewer: You ever heard of uh a worm rail fence or 299: No I haven't Interviewer: straight rail fence or? 299: I've heard of straight rails but I've never heard of worm rails. Interviewer: Okay um and say if you were going to put up a barbed wire fence you'd you say you'd have to dig holes for the? 299: Posts Interviewer: Okay and um so you'd so you say you you'd dig the hole and then you'd set the? 299: You'd set the post in it. Interviewer: Okay um and what about a kind of uh a fence that you might have around a garden? 299: Well Interviewer: Or your yard. 299: You mean like a picket fence or? Interviewer: Uh-huh what what's a picket fence like? 299: Well a picket fence is it's made out of wood and has those uh pickets which it's just individual planks with a pointed top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And we never did have one of those either but I've seen it. Interviewer: You ever seen um anything else similar to that or any other name for that? 299: No I really haven't. Now we've had plank fences but we did ours is what you call plank plus times where you would uh you'd have your post and then you'd just take uh two planks maybe or sometimes three planks and drive a plank running from this post to this one. And you'd do three rows of them and continue on like that. We had them sometimes around our backyard or around the orchard or something like that. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of paling fence or slat fence or? 299: I've heard of paling fences but I'm not familiar with them. Interviewer: Okay um and what about a you ever heard of gathering some rocks or stone from I guess the from a field? 299: We'll pick up rocks we'd pick up rocks. Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever hear of making a a fence or wall out of them? 299: Yeah I've seen 'em but we never but we didn't actually make a fence ourselves. But yeah I've seen them these rock walls. A lot of people used to use that quite a bit and use the gravel or something that made that concrete and mix it in and make those rock fences. I've seen them built. We didn't have one. Interviewer: Okay um say if you had a really good set of dishes chances are they'd be made out of? 299: China Interviewer: Okay do you ever see an egg made out of this? 299: Uh no Interviewer: What what would you call that? 299: A egg made out of china? Interviewer: Uh-huh {C: Overlaid} 299: I don't know. Interviewer: Uh I mean say say if um you know put in a hen's nest to make 299: Oh {NW} yeah a egg. We called them {C: Overlaid} Now we didn't have a fake egg or a we called 'em now we didn't have china eggs but we had uh egg semblance we called it Interviewer: {D: Simlines?} 299: {D: Simlines} and I think what it was they were gourds. They were little gourds. And we called them egg {D: simlines} but I since I got old enough to know I think what we was really meaning they were {D: simlines} they looked similar to eggs. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: But old people call them egg {D: simlines} and they were little gourds in the shape of eggs. Interviewer: Huh 299: And they put them in the hens nest to make them set or or their setting egg as they call it. Interviewer: Yeah What did you used to carry water in? 299: Well uh we just called it a bucket now somebody people say pails. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But we just used a bucket water bucket. Interviewer: What about what did you milk in? 299: Just we called it milk buckets Interviewer: Was it made out of metal or? 299: Yeah uh mother usually used these they called them these flat tin buckets they were yeah they were metal buckets. Flat buckets Interviewer: Do you ever see anything slightly different that people used to to milk in maybe something that had a handle to it or? 299: A stewer now mother would milk in a stewer sometimes and then pour it in her bucket. Interviewer: What's a stewer? 299: Well it's actually a a pot like you cook in Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: we called them stewers. Interviewer: I I sort of I heard that before and I was sort of picturing a pot but I didn't know. 299: They're just these what you'd cook in nowadays with a handle a long handle there just a pot that you'd cook in. But we called them stewers. Interviewer: I see. And what about something that you might keep in the kitchen that throws scraps in for the pigs? 299: Slop bucket Interviewer: Okay um and what is what sort of things do you use to cook in? Or did you use to cook in? 299: Well uh course these skillet black iron skillets and those uh we had um the we called it the pot but it was one of those black iron pots. And uh bakers they're these little black the skillets that don't have any sides to it like you uh cook hoe cakes on or cornbread. And uh course just stewers and pots. That's all I know. Interviewer: What's a hoe cake made out of? 299: Uh just corn meal and uh well you can make it out of corn meal and uh hot water. Or you can make them out of cornmeal and buttermilk. And fry them. Interviewer: Do you ever see anything um that had little legs on it? Thing that that 299: Oh sort of like a skillet? Interviewer: Uh-huh with legs on it. 299: Well now they make these little skillets with the handles that have legs but mother mother's uh she called it her pot like she cooked boiled everything in it. It was one of these black iron pots and it had three little legs {C: Overlaid} and on it and uh and that's all she had with the three legs on it. But her cooking pot the one of those big old black cast iron pots it had three little legs. Interviewer: Yeah 299: And uh you could either set it up on those legs on top of these wood stoves or you what she used it most of the time she takes these what you call the caps out of that black iron stove you know we they got these little uh where electric stove has burners they have caps they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: And you take one of those out and the pot actually fits down in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: And that's the way she cooked with her pot most of the time and she also has the black cast iron tea kettle. That she still uses and she keeps it setting down on the on one of those caps some times. She just takes the cap out of the stove and it fits down in the stove. Interviewer: Do you have any of those things yourself? 299: I don't have any. But now my sister in law she collects that type of stuff you know. But uh I don't have uh one of those black iron any of that black iron stuff except the skillets I have the black iron skillet. But you know it's really a collectors item nowadays. Interviewer: Oh yeah 299: And mother's still cooking in hers. Interviewer: {NW} Um what might you put flowers in? 299: Well just flower pots or Interviewer: Is that growing flowers or? 299: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about if if they're cut? 299: Vases Interviewer: Okay and um say if you're setting the table and you'd put out a plate and then you'd give everyone a what? 299: Knife and a fork and a spoon. Interviewer: Okay and say if you serve steak and it wasn't very tender you'd have to put out? 299: Steak knife Interviewer: Huh? 299: Steak knife Interviewer: Okay what and you put out several of these you know you'd say you'd have several steak? 299: Knives Interviewer: Okay and um say after you've cleared the table and put the food away then the next thing you have to do is? 299: Uh wash the dishes. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call that cloth or rag you use when you're washing the dishes? 299: Uh see I'd say a dish rag. Interviewer: Okay and what about when you are drying them? 299: I call it a drying rag Interviewer: Okay and the thing that you um use to bathe your face with 299: I call it a wash rag. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and then you dry yourself off with a? 299: Towel Interviewer: Okay and you say um after she washes the dishes then she runs clear water over them and she? 299: Rinses them Interviewer: Okay and um say if you wanted to to get some water you'd go to the sink and you'd turn on the? 299: Faucet Interviewer: Huh? 299: The faucet Interviewer: Okay and um what about something similar to that that you might have in the yard to hook your hose up to? 299: Well uh I'd say uh outside faucet now some people say spicket. Interviewer: Okay um what about um something that that flour used to come in? A long time ago they used a big 299: A flour barrels. Interviewer: Okay um and what about molasses? What did that come in? 299: You mean? Well course we always had it usually in buckets when I was when we bought it at home molasses bucket. Interviewer: Do you ever hear another expression used say if you had about six six gallons you'd call that a? 299: A stand of molasses from we we had enlarged stands or something we called them stands of molasses. Interviewer: Okay um okay and on a barrel you know say if you had a um something that say if you had a a barrel used for water and you had something on there that you could um turn to get the water. 299: Well just like in my granddaddy's store uh he had a vinegar barrel when I was a child. That's why everyone that came to the store to get vinegar is that what you're talkin about? They would bring their own jug and he would uh {C: Overlaid} well I called it a little old pump. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: Uh well it was kind of a little old pump {C: Phone ring} and he pumped the vinegar {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever have something that on a barrel though that you could turn down at the bottom to let the water run out or vinegar run out? Something similar to a faucet. 299: Oh well off hand I can't even think of what you'd call but back I can remember when uh men that worked in the field had these little there were little small barrels water barrels they called it and they had a little uh they had a little just a little piece of cork in a hole that uh but I don't know what they'd call it. Interviewer: Okay um you'd say it was so cold last night that the water pipes? 299: Froze Interviewer: And what? 299: Well I'd say busted if I was at home {NW} but really no this is why usually when I'm here I always say they busted. Interviewer: Yeah 299: But really you know if I was at work or somewhere I'd they bursted. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and you say um if you stuck a pen in a ballon it would? 299: Bu- ah see at home I'd say bust [NW} Interviewer: Okay 299: but really burst. {C: Overlaid} Interviewer: And you say um so you say is um you turn on the water and nothing comes out of the faucet you'd say the water pipes must have? 299: Busted Interviewer: Okay 299: Well really the that's what I find myself doing cuz I grew up saying one thing but you know a lot of things I know the difference. Interviewer: Yeah 299: Only there's one word that I've that I've always said that we always said that a I didn't actually know that it wasn't right until I people begin to laugh at me. {C: Overlaid} And that's when if you see a snake Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: I'll say it was cwailed up. Have you ever heard anybody say that? It's just saying it was coiled up Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: or it was curled up. I'd say well it was all cwailed up. And see I didn't really realize the word wasn't even a word until people begin to laugh at me when I said it. Interviewer: Well sure it's a word if people around here use it. {NW} 299: So that's some of my words that's where they are. Interviewer: Never heard that one. 299: That's what we've always said but it really means coiled you see but we said cwailed. And I said it one day at work and this man laughed and he says I've heard one other person say that word and I got so tickled when I heard her say it. Said was she talking about seeing a snake? And she said it was all she said he said I can't think of the word she used and I said cwailed? He said that's it I said that's what I've always said. {NW} Interviewer: That's interesting I've never heard that but um say if you wanted to pour something into say a something like a coke bottle that had a real narrow mouth you'd use a? 299: Funnel Interviewer: Hm? 299: Funnel Interviewer: Okay and um say if you were uh driving horses and you wanted to to go faster you'd hit him with a? 299: Uh well a whip is what we always had at home. One of these whips. Interviewer: Do you use the same thing on on mules? 299: We did Interviewer: Whip? 299: We just had a a we called it a wagon whip. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 299: #2 It was just a long # had a long handle and a big long lash thing on it and that's we just had the one. Interviewer: What What different animals did you have work animals? What different work animals did you have? 299: Well a growing when I was growing up we had a pair of mules and we had a then we also at different times had a maybe a horse a a riding horse or a mare. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And then we had a at one time we had a jenny. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And a little cart to go with it. And uh but I guess that's all the work animals. Interviewer: Did you ever see any work animals similar to um I guess similar to bulls? 299: Oxen The a they used to have oxen but I've never seen one. Interviewer: Have you ever seen them work or heard about them what you'd call them working together? 299: A team of oxen. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: Now I just read about 'em see this is all I'm familiar with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: The yoke of oxen the team of oxen. I've never even seen any. That that is beyond my time a bit. {NW} Interviewer: Say if you bought some apples or something at the store the grocer would put them in a? 299: Sack I'd say Interviewer: Okay what would it be made out of? 299: Well course nowadays it would be a a paper sack but now I can remember when they were these a burlap sacks or bra- uh grass sacks or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What is there any other name for burlap sack? 299: Well some people might say grass sack I don't know. Interviewer: What what did feed used to come in? 299: Well usually those burlap sacks. Interviewer: Uh-huh have you ever heard that called tow sack or gunny sack? 299: Oh yeah tow sacks we always called them tow sacks um {C: Overlaid} is what we always called them but I didn't even think about that. Interviewer: What did what did potatoes what would they come in what would they be shipped in? 299: Well those tow sacks really. Interviewer: Okay And um say what if you bought about fifty pounds of flour what would that come in? 299: Well uh it used to come in those cloth sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But I don't know what just what you'd call them. Flour sack Interviewer: Yeah um and say if you were going to take some some corn to the mill to be ground what would you call the the amount you would take at one time? 299: Like a peck of mill a peck of Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 but would you have # 299: #2 A bush # Interviewer: would you have a an expression you'd use not referring to the exact quantity but do you ever say I'm gonna take a something of corn to the mill? 299: No really I took it. We have when I was growing up we did my daddy grandad had the grocery store also had the mill. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: And I've actually taken corn to the mill. In fact I rode the jenny one time mother was out of meal and the men were all at work and you see so she just got a sack of uh corn Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: and uh she was going to put me and the corn on the jenny to ride to the mill cause it's about a mile and she was gonna walk along beside. And we like never got up there but when we got the meal ground the corn ground got the mill well she put me and the meal back on the jenny and the jenny was so stubborn and the type that didn't want to go to the store but he knew the way back home. Interviewer: Yeah 299: So he ran all the way back home and we left her a long ways behind. But I don't know what you'd call the amount. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a turn? 299: Turn I've heard of it but never did say it that's what the older people said. Interviewer: What's that? 299: Turn of corn or Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: I've heard it but I would I never did say it myself. Interviewer: Yeah um what would you call the amount of wood that you can carry in both your arms? You'd say you had a? 299: I just say a load. Interviewer: Yeah um or but say it's it's all you can carry in both your arms you'd say you have an arm what? 299: Arm load of wood. Interviewer: Okay um and um say say someone had a a wagon and his wagon was half full of wood you'd say he had a what of wood? 299: I'd stil say he had a load of wood. Interviewer: Yeah do you ever hear jag? 299: Yeah I have a jag of wood. I've heard of it yeah. Interviewer: Does did it refer to? 299: Any particular amount no it didn't just meant a it was just some wood. Interviewer: Okay um say if the lamp on the porch wasn't burning you'd tell someone to screw in a new what? 299: Bulb Interviewer: Okay and um if you were carrying the wash out to hang it on the line you might carry it out in a clothes? 299: Basket or Interviewer: Okay and um what did nails come in? 299: Nail kegs {NW} kegs Yeah I remember when they did Interviewer: Yeah 299: nail kegs. {C: Overlaid} Interviewer: You know um in a in a barrel or I I don't know if a keg or kag would have this but in a barrel you have something that would run around it to hold the wood in place? 299: Yeah uh Interviewer: It would hold the staves in place. 299: Mm-hmm. 299: But I can't think of what they were called they were I don't know what they were called. Interviewer: Did you ever hear start some a word starting with an h? 299: Hoop Interviewer: Uh-huh does that sound? 299: It sounds like it might be a hoop Interviewer: Okay um and suppose you opened a filled up a bottle and um and you'd want to stick something in it so that the liquid wouldn't come out? 299: Stick a cork in it. Interviewer: Okay um what would the cork be made of? 299: Cork Interviewer: Have you you'd never um have you ever seen anything made of of glass? #1 Maybe that you stick down there. # 299: #2 Yeah # A glass in other words a well sorta like a Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: like that one up there. Interviewer: Would you call that a #1 a cork too? # 299: #2 a cork # Interviewer: I mean even if it was made of glass? 299: You know I don't know what I'd call it really. I don't. {C: Overlaid} Interviewer: What you're familiar with is just a 299: #1 Just a stopper # Interviewer: #2 A thing that's made of # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 299: It's just a bottle stopper in other words. Interviewer: Okay um {C: Overlaid} do you know of a a musical instrument that you'd. 299: French harp or harmonica Interviewer: Okay what about something that goes like this? 299: Uh Jew's harp are they Jew's harps? Interviewer: Okay Do you ever remember? 299: Just seen a well pictures of them. Interviewer: Yeah um something that you'd pound nails with would be a? 299: Hammer Interviewer: Okay and um if you had a wagon and two horses {C: overlaid} you know that long wooden piece that comes between the two horses? 299: The tongue Interviewer: Okay and a horse and a buggy you'd when you're gonna hitch him up you'd back him in between the? 299: The staves Interviewer: Okay 299: Staves Interviewer: Do do you remember having horses? 299: Uh yeah actually a I'm not real familiar with buggies but I have seen a few and we did have that little cart you know that I said we had the jenny and the cart and it was it was sorta like a buggy that it had these two uh staves is all I can think of. And you backed that jenny between those to harness him up. {C: overlaid} {NW} So I've I've kinda familiar with it a little bit. Interviewer: Yeah did mainly just the children have the jenny? 299: Yeah my brother bought him for about twenty five dollars it was his jenny. And he was stubborn as a as a mule. Interviewer: {NW} 299: So it was mostly to a play thing kinda. Interviewer: Yeah 299: And uh we would ride him and anytime anybody came any neighbors came they wanted to ride the thing which we'd get tired of cause he was stubborn. And just as soon as you'd get on him to ride him he would head for the clothes line. And then he'd run under the clothes line he'd just nearly strangle your neck. He was mean. He was. Interviewer: Um you know on a wagon wheel starting with the inside you know you have the hub then? 299: The spokes Interviewer: Okay and then the spokes fit into the what? 299: The rim Interviewer: Okay and then what does the rim is the rim the part that touches the ground or do you have something over the rim or? 299: Well there's a wooden there's see there's a wooden piece and then it goes around like that and then it's actually covered with a a steel rim. And then it the outside rim it's it's a steel piece. Interviewer: You call both parts the rim then? 299: Ah that's all I can I know just the rims. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a fa felly or feller? 299: No Interviewer: When talking about wagon wheels 299: No not familiar with that. Interviewer: Let's see it's something that the spokes fit into something I'm not. 299: I really don't nothing comes to my mind really that I can think of. Interviewer: Yeah okay um say if you have a a horse hitched to a wagon the the thing that the traces are hooked on to is the? 299: The singletree Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you have two horses 299: Double Interviewer: Huh? 299: It's a doubletree. Interviewer: Okay and um say if if there was a a tree limb in the road um and it was too big for you to to carry off you'd say well I just took a took hold of it and I? 299: Pulled it out of the road. Interviewer: Okay or another word instead of pull? 299: You could say you carried it out of the road or moved it out of the road. Interviewer: Okay um what do you what's the first thing you you use in the field when you're getting ready to to plant? 299: Plow Interviewer: Uh-huh what different types of plows are there? 299: Well course when I was a child I would we actually used the uh turning plow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: To turn I guess that's the first they use the turning plow to break the ground which was pulled by mules. And then they used a {C: overlaid} uh a smaller plow which I can't think of what it was called. It was just a little single plow and uh and then they had a oh a the harrow the called it which harrowed the ground that had forks like this that run through the ground after that. And then they had a I can't think of what it was called something that it was like a board or a log of a thing that you pulled over the ground to smooth it down. But that's all I. Interviewer: Okay um have you I don't have you ever heard of a rastus plow? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: I ran across that word somewhere and I 299: Well no I'm not familiar with it. {C: overlaid} course you might you might run into anything that I haven't heard of. {C: overlaid} Interviewer: Okay um the thing that the wheels of the wagon fit into the thing that goes across you know is called a? 299: Oh the you mean the thing that runs under the wagon that a axle. Interviewer: Okay um and suppose you were going to um chop some wood or saw some wood you might use a a frame maybe an X shaped frame that you'd lay the wood in? 299: Yeah {C: overlaid} oh that we used them all the time {C: overlaid} {X} off hand I can't think of what's the word just a rack you know. #1 I don't know if we # Interviewer: #2 Ever heard saw? # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Saw buck or saw horse or wood rack or? 299: Well uh no none of the names are real just familiar but we had 'em we even had the plans made out at the wood pile and actually laid the log in it and I actually had to sit on the log while they would my brothers would saw with this uh this uh double saw you know double Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: one on each end. And I've actually sat on the thing the wood while it's in those wood racks but uh what's this called we didn't call them anything. Interviewer: Yeah 299: Saw racks or something. Interviewer: Do you ever see a sorta of A shaped frame you have to it'd have a board going across it and of course you'd you'd have to use two of these? 299: Horses Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: We called them horses. Interviewer: Okay and um you'd say you'd straighten your your hair with a comb and a? 299: Brush Interviewer: Okay and if you were going to use one of these you'd say you were going to what your hair? 299: Brush your hair Interviewer: Okay and um you'd sharpen a straight razor on a leather? 299: Strap Interviewer: Okay and what do you put in a pistol? 299: Bullets Interviewer: Okay but um say in in a shot gun you'd use shells then in a rifle or pistol you might use? 299: Bullets Interviewer: Okay I'm thinking just say or you you'd talk about a a box of twenty two 299: Shot Interviewer: Uh-huh what about the word car-? 299: Cartridge cartridges I couldn't say it. Cartridges. I couldn't say it so I just wouldn't say it. That's right rifle cart cartridges. Interviewer: Okay um what are some things that that a children might play on? That children might play on maybe say something that's you take 299: Seesaws or uh you mean like a a play things outside? {C: overlaid} Well seesaws or merry go rounds or a Interviewer: Would you have another name for merry go round? 299: Spinning jenny or we used to call them. Interviewer: Okay 299: I think we Interviewer: If um you saw some some children playing on the thing that like this you say that they were? 299: Seesawing Interviewer: Okay and um did you ever see a taking taking a um limber plank and fixing it at both ends and children would jump on it? 299: No I'm not familiar with that. Interviewer: You ever heard of a bouncing board or joggling board? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay and you say you take a a long rope and a {C: overlaid} tie it to a tree limb and put a seat on it and you'd have a? 299: Swing Interviewer: Okay what did you carry coal in? 299: Well uh scuttle I guess but we never did have coal so I wasn't very familiar with coal. Interviewer: Okay and um on a a stove the thing that runs from the stove up to the chimney? 299: Stove pipe Interviewer: Okay and then the stove pipe fits into the? 299: Flue Interviewer: Okay and um the thing that you'd you'd use say if you were going to carry some bricks somewhere you'd put them in a? This thing that has this one little wheel at the front and two handles to it. 299: Wheelbarrow Interviewer: Okay um and what would you use to sharpen your tools on? 299: Oh one of those uh oh grist one of those uh well it's a wheel it's a stone wheel. It's not a grist wheel is it? Interviewer: I don't know 299: I don't either it's I'm just thinking one of those stone looking wheels that you turn and fire flies from it when you sharpen things. But I'm not sure what you call it Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called grind? Grind? 299: Grinding I'm just thinking grist wheel but I don't know. Interviewer: Oh so the big thing that you might use? 299: Yeah just a big it's a big a stone wheel Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: and it's kind of uh I don't know what kind of stone it is but you turn it and you put your tool on it and it will sharpen. Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: Grist wheel is all I can think of Grist wheel or grist wheel. Interviewer: Do you ever see anything um smaller that you'd hold in your hand and sharpen maybe a knife? 299: Yeah these little uh whet rocks we call them. Yeah Interviewer: Okay um and uh what we use for transportation now you'd call a? 299: A car Interviewer: Okay any other names? 299: Automobile or uh Interviewer: {X} Okay um say if we were talking about um the thing that that you drive around. 299: When we quit yesterday. Well I just had said a car or an automobile or I guess a vehicle is all I can think of right now. Interviewer: Okay and um say if something was squeaking and you wanted to lubricate it um what might you put on it? 299: Well oil oil I'd say Interviewer: Okay or that that hard solid stuff? 299: Oh Beeswax Interviewer: Okay what else? Say what what do you have to do to a car? 299: Grease it Interviewer: Okay so you say um yesterday he what his car? Yesterday he 299: Greased his car. Interviewer: Okay and you say grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all? 299: Greasy Interviewer: Okay and um what did you used to burn in lamps? 299: Oil Interviewer: Do you remember those lamps 299: We had 'em yes uh huh we did. Until we got electricity yeah I very well remember studying by them. Interviewer: Do you ever um {Overlaid} remember making the lamp? {overlaid} 299: No we actually never did uh but now you know we I've studied and read books you know when they did make them. Candles out of the {C: tape overlaid} wax or perfume or color or something they used. But we never did actually make any. Interviewer: Yeah Did you ever hear of um a grease lamp or rag lamp or something? {overlaid} 299: I've heard of them you just put a make a a rag wick Interviewer: Uh huh 299: put it in and I think they used lard a lot of times. And then after it gets cold you see. And I've also heard of a potato lamp. Interviewer: #1 Potato lamp? # 299: #2 Take # take an Irish potato and put a hole in it and put a rag wick in it Interviewer: Uh huh 299: and then uh burn it. Somewhere I don't know I've just heard of 'em. Interviewer: What did you call that other kind you'd heard of the kind with the lard? 299: I really I don't know mm as far as knowing I just heard of 'em but we didn't call them anything cause I'm not familiar with them. So I don't know much about them. Interviewer: Okay um the the inside the tire of the car you'd have the? 299: Rim Interviewer: Yeah or the inner? 299: {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} hub Interviewer: Yeah the inside well actually the entire 299: The inner tube Interviewer: Huh? 299: The inner tube? Interviewer: Okay and um say someone has just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water {overlaid} for the first time you'd say that they were going to? 299: I'd say try it out. Interviewer: Okay um or another word meaning that well you say they were going to what the boat? 299: Test it. Interviewer: Okay um what sort of boat might you use to go fishing in? {Overlaid} 299: Oh a canoe probably. Interviewer: What's that like? 299: Well it's just a oh I've heard 'em talking about 'em and they {C: tape overlaid} may call them something else but they're are just a little shallow {NS} just a little shallow boat. I don't Interviewer: Is that I what I pictured as a canoe is was beginning to occur to me that what I was picturing as a canoe is not what {overlaid} you're referring to. I was thinking that sorta Indian type canoe. 299: Uh huh that's what I'm thinking of but now they have a little fishing boat and I've heard them call them something else and I can't remember what it is but it's it's just a little shallow boat. It resembles a canoe and they it's got a name but what I don't because I'm not that familiar with boats. And uh Interviewer: Is it but the people call that um other types of things that were canoe {overlaid} or anything besides just that sort of Indian type canoe? 299: I don't really think so as far as I know they don't. Interviewer: Yeah okay um say if a if a child was just learning to dress himself the mother might bring them the clothes and tell them here? {overlaid} 299: Put on your clothes. Interviewer: Okay or tell them here your clothes here? 299: Here are your clothes. Interviewer: Okay and um if a women wanted to buy a dress a certain color she'd take along a little square cloth to use as a? 299: Sample Interviewer: Okay and if she sees a dress she likes very much and its very becoming on her she's say that that's very? 299: Pretty dress Interviewer: #1 Okay # 299: #2 is what I'd # Interviewer: and um a child might say well Suzie's dress is pretty but mine is even? 299: Prettiest Interviewer: Okay and um what might you wear over your dress in the kitchen? 299: Apron Interviewer: Okay and to sign your name in ink you'd use a? 299: Pen Interviewer: Okay and to hold a baby's diaper in place? 299: A pin {NW} Interviewer: Okay and the soup that you buy usually comes in a? 299: Can Interviewer: Okay made out of what? What kind of metal? 299: I just say a tin can. Interviewer: Okay and a dime is worth? {C: tape overlaid} A dime 299: Is worth? {C: tape overlaid} a dime {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Oh you know I mean like a? 299: Ten cents Interviewer: Okay 299: Oh Interviewer: Um and say if a man were going to go to church on Sunday um what would he probably wear? 299: His suit Interviewer: Okay and what what would the suit consist of? 299: Well um just pants and jacket. Interviewer: What which part is the jacket? You mean the 299: The coat Interviewer: Did you ever what did um 299: Well some suits have vests we call them. Interviewer: Okay 299: I've but the older suits and maybe they're making some of them now but we call them vests. Interviewer: Did you ever use that word jacket to mean the same as vest or? 299: No I don't I never did I usually I just use- say coat or jacket. Interviewer: Okay um and if a if a man had an important interview you know and his clothes weren't in very good shape he'd might go out and buy a? 299: A new suit. Interviewer: Okay and um okay you said that that the coat consists of the suit consists of the coat and possibly the vest and the? 299: {Overlaid} Pants Interviewer: Uh huh is there any other um name you use besides pants? 299: Or trousers but I never say it {NW} Interviewer: Okay anything else you've heard? 299: Slacks that's about it. Interviewer: Okay do you ever hear britches? 299: Yeah britches I I say britches yeah {NW} that's right. Interviewer: Does the mean the same thing as I mean would you talk about britches in a suit or? 299: Well uh I usually refer to britches as just men's pants in general really. It could be just work work pants or any type of pants. Interviewer: Okay and um what what might a man wear to say if he were working around the barn? 299: Overalls Interviewer: Okay 299: My daddy still wears those. {NW} Interviewer: Okay say if if you went outside in the winter without your coat and you wanted it you might say tell someone um would you go inside and what me my coat? 299: Bring me my coat. Interviewer: Okay and say you say so the person went inside and? 299: Brought my coat. Interviewer: Okay and he'd say to you here I have what your? 299: Brought your coat. Interviewer: Okay um you say that coat won't fit this year but last year it what perfectly? 299: It fit. Interviewer: Okay and if you stuff a lot of things in your pocket it makes them? 299: Bulge Interviewer: Okay and um you say that that shirt used to fit me fine until I washed it and it? 299: Shrunk Interviewer: Okay and you say it seems like every shirt I've washed recently has? 299: Shrunk Interviewer: Okay and I hope this new shirt won't? 299: Shrink Interviewer: Okay um if a woman liked to put on good clothes and spend a lot of time in front of the mirror and so forth you'd say she likes to? 299: Primp {NW} Interviewer: Okay any other expressions like that? {C: tape overlaid} 299: I c- can't think of any right. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 299: I do Interviewer: A man who primps? 299: That's right Interviewer: Okay um and something that you might carry money in would be a? 299: Oh well {C: tape overlaid} some people say purse but I usually say pocket book. Interviewer: Do you mean is this something that women have or or is this? 299: Oh I refer to the pocket book as just the the large pocket book now uh course a billfold really it be what you'd carry the actual money in maybe or a change purse. Interviewer: Okay and uh something that a woman might wear around her wrist? 299: Watch Interviewer: Okay oh a? 299: Bracelet Interviewer: Okay and suppose you got a lot of little things strung together and you wore it around your neck you'd call that a? 299: Necklace Interviewer: Okay but these things strung together? 299: Beads Interviewer: Okay you call that a what of beads? 299: String of beads Interviewer: Okay and um what did men used to use to hold up their pants? 299: Suspenders Interviewer: Okay any other name for that? {Overlaid} 299: I can't think of one. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of gal-? 299: Galluses yes mm-hmm galluses. Interviewer: Is that a more old fashioned name or who who used to say that? {overlaid} 299: Well I've heard mother talk about galluses {NW} pants having galluses on them and she even made galluses for our skirts sometimes when we couldn't keep them up. {NW} So uh yeah I've heard of them called galluses quite a bit. {C: overlaid} Interviewer: Um what would you hold over you when it rained? 299: Well a umbrella but we used to call it a parasol. Interviewer: Is that the same thing exactly? 299: It it might not be but I think they are the same thing I don't really know if it is or not. Interviewer: Is it that word the reason I ask you it kind of surprises me cause I I never heard the word parasol used you know I'd read it maybe and I always pictured it as something lady like you know? 299: Uh huh these little fancy ones. {C: overlaid} Interviewer: Is that what you pictured or? Oh you say would your father carry a parasol? or 299: I just never even thought about it cause I think of both but I always say umbrella usually now but usually mother see my mother said parasol quite a bit. Interviewer: Just for 299: For uh just uh any umbrella she just called it parasol. And uh {C: overlaid} Interviewer: The last thing that you put on bed? 299: {C: tape overlaid} Well I say a bedspread #1 but # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 299: my husband says a counterpane. {NW} Really I've never heard counterpane too much I have read it you know in books and things. {X} But my husband usually says counterpane. Interviewer: What do your parents and grandparents say? 299: They say bedspread. Cause I never had really heard much about counterpane. Interviewer: Um and the thing that that you put your head on? 299: A pillow but or we've got bolsters which is the long pillows that go all across the bed. Mother has 'em I have one and my grandmother has has 'em and uh but either they're pillows or um {X} bolsters I'd say. Interviewer: And what might you put on a a bed for warmth? Something old fashioned. 299: Oh a quilt a quilt Interviewer: Okay what what was that like? 299: Well it's just a a patch {D: some} type of patch work cover I mean it's a you take scraps of uh material sew them together and and then pair them with cotton and line 'em and then {C: overlaid} quilt them. And then it turns out to be a sort of a patch work quilt. Interviewer: Did you ever make any of those? 299: No I haven't but mother has made lots of them and my grandmother made them all the time. And I've got quite a few of them that they gave me. And my younger sister she actually has quilted but I haven't. Interviewer: People start trying to collect them and stuff. 299: Uh huh they are. {NS} You know you can order them now and they are kinda of expensive you know in catalogs. But uh my mother and grandmother and different one's in the family they made them made all that we had. Interviewer: Do you ever see them made any other way like maybe tied or something? 299: Well there is a type of quilt that uh you actually use the square blocks I believe and you pat them and you line them but then you um you actually uh tie a little um wads of thread and then then I think you clip it and it leaves a little fuzzy looking balls all over. And uh Interviewer: Is that called anything special? 299: I don't really know. Cause I'm not familiar with that you know the different types of quilts much. Interviewer: Okay um and say if you had a lot of company over and didn't have enough beds in the house for the children you might make a? 299: Pads Interviewer: Okay and um talk about kinds of land now you'd say we expect a big yield from that field this year because the soil is very? 299: Rich Interviewer: Okay any other word you might use to mean rich? 299: Fertile Interviewer: Okay um what different types of soil do you have? Different types of land? 299: Um I don't even know exactly what uh Interviewer: Well do you have names for for different types of soil? 299: Well you have just like say sandy soil or you have um maybe rocky soil or but that that's all I don't know that much about soil. Interviewer: Do you ever heard um well real rich black soil being called anything? {Overlaid} 299: No I don't I can't think of anything right now. Interviewer: Do you ever heard of loon or lune or something like that? 299: I've heard the word but it's see it's not a word I've heard used very much. Interviewer: What um what types of of land are there on say your property like maybe um land along a a stream that's real rich? 299: You mean uh what types? {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Well say what what would you call that flat low land along a stream that? 299: Bottom bottom land Interviewer: Okay and um what about a a land that's um might not be good for much of anything besides growing um clover or alfalfa or something like that? 299: It'd just be like pasture land. Interviewer: Okay and what about land thats got water standing in it most of the time? 299: Swamps I think. Interviewer: Okay and if someone were was getting water off the swamps you'd say that they were? 299: Draining the swamps Interviewer: Okay and what would you call the the little things that they cut? 299: Oh trenches Interviewer: Okay and um what about land that say is just wet enough to get your tractor stuck in it? {overlaid} 299: Well it's just low land you mean. Interviewer: I mean would {overlaid} have you ever heard of um crawfish land? Have you ever heard 299: I've heard of crawfish but actually not crawfish {D: land} I've never heard it referred to like that. Interviewer: I just heard it uh a couple weeks ago. 299: I haven't heard. Now see I- I've heard of crawfish but I've never heard land called crawfish land. Interviewer: It's supposed to be the someone said it was {overlaid} is wet land {overlaid} the swamp. 299: Uh huh well I'm not familiar with that. Maybe there that was like their land like uh we always had some land we called the rocky bottom. We had it on our farm we had a field that over the hill from the house and it was we referred to it as the rocky bottom. And daddy we had corn in it we raised corn and it was next to a stream but it was rocks continually you could never get the rocks out of it. Interviewer: Huh 299: And uh when you hoed {C: tape overlaid} you just continued to hit them rocks. And that was the name of it the rocky bottom. So uh maybe that's why they're crawfish land. Interviewer: Well it seemed there were crawfish in the land. Um what would you call a well what are um some of the names of of flowing the flowing water around here? 299: Well we called them creeks see you some people would say streams or branches but we always called everything a creek that wasn't a lake {NW} or a river. We we always say creeks. Interviewer: Is there something anything smaller than a creek? Would you have another name or? 299: Um I think a stream is being smaller than a creek. Interviewer: #1 What about # 299: #2 Or a branch # or just a branch. You've heard of d- uh there's dry branches and uh that just run when uh when it rains or they they don't have water all the time. Interviewer: Is there anything {Overlaid} between the size of a creek and a river? 299: Uh well to me in my mind I think of a creek as just a small small and a river is larger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you don't think of anything in between? 299: Oh uh in between a creek and a river? I don't. {Overlaid} Interviewer: Okay what are all the names of some of the creeks around here? 299: Round here? Interviewer: Or branches or whatever. 299: Well I think this creek up here is called Caney creek. {NW} Interviewer: Caney? 299: Caney C-A-N-E-Y and course I was born on Grice's creek {NW} and uh then there's a Wells's creek Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: W-E-L-L-S and there's um Hurricane creek down here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And uh {NW} Yellow creek out toward my mother's. Interviewer: I I was looking on the map for Grice's Creek and I didn't see it. 299: Well you know I spelled it G-U-I-C-E-S Interviewer: Uh huh 299: and you know you might find it as G-R-I-C-E-S. It G-R-I-C-E-S sounds more like Grice's but the older folk spelled it G-U-I-C-E-S but {C: tape overlaid} pronounced it Grice's. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: So uh I don't know if it would be like that. Interviewer: Was that I think I say Yellow Creek. 299: Well it would be somewhere near yellow creek if it's listed it's a small Grice's creek is a small creek but it does run from one end of that community to the other really. And it runs either into uh it should run either into the Cumberland river down in Cumberland City cause it goes all the way to the to the Cumberland river. {Overlaid} It- it could be that there's another name somewhere between Grice's Creek and Cumberland River it may be it may run into Wells's Creek before it runs into the river. Did you see Wells's Creek or did you not look? Interviewer: I'm not sure I I think I remember the name Yellow Creek. 299: Yellow Creek's a lot larger. It's it's a pretty large creek it has in fact you cross Yellow Creek uh coming into Erin either from Clarksville or Dickson either one. So it's it's a big creek. Interviewer: I think I need a bigger map 299: Oh yeah Interviewer: Um what about something that say in a um in a field something real deep and narrow maybe um 299: A gully {overlaid} Interviewer: Okay what's what is that like? How how does it form? 299: Well usually by uh the gullies I'm familiar with is formed by just uh water. It may be just a big rain and it would just wash 'em out or it might be um that every time it rains water runs through them to uh they just stay there. Everytime it rains they'll be full of water. Interviewer: What if you have a little stream at the bottom of it and it's real you know it would be hard to climb down to get to the stream I mean it is real deep. 299: Well like a water fall type something? Interviewer: Well this you know in a field all the sudden it it's just sort of a drop and there's a little stream running at the at the bottom of it. Would you call that a gully or? 299: I really don't know Interviewer: Okay what about um something cut by um rain along the edge of a road? 299: Now we call those gullies. Interviewer: Okay and um okay something you mentioned uh a hill is there um well are there other names for for things similar to to a hill? I mean a little rise in land maybe maybe not as big as a hill or maybe shaped a little differently. 299: Say a hump {Overlaid} a hump have you ever heard that? Interviewer: What what's that? 299: Well uh just a a mound Interviewer: Uh huh 299: Either a mound or uh hump H-U-M-P. {NW} Interviewer: Okay 299: Ah that's all I can think of anything smaller than you know a hill. Interviewer: Okay say if you want to open a door you'd take hold of the door? 299: Knob Interviewer: Do you use that word about land? 299: Uh like {NW} door knob? Interviewer: Uh yeah just knob 299: Knob Oh yes you could um. Interviewer: What I mean do do you use that? 299: Uh a knob could mean a hill yes it could. Interviewer: Is okay um and something much much bigger than a hill would be a? 299: Mountain Interviewer: Okay and uh the side of the rocky side of the mountain that that drops off real sharp? 299: Slope Interviewer: Okay but what did um okay suppose you have sort of a part over hanging you know and then it just there's a big drop. {Overlaid} How'd you say somebody jumped off? 299: The ravine Interviewer: What's a ravine? 299: I think of ravine as being two two mountains or two hillsides coming down into a point and down at the bottom is a ravine. Interviewer: Is is that {overlaid} 299: The we're just talking about 'til you could jump from the ledge Interviewer: Uh huh 299: on the side of the mountain. Interviewer: What about the word cliff? 299: Cliff yeah I've heard of that see I just just didn't think of it. Interviewer: Wait what do you picture that as? 299: A cliff? Interviewer: Uh huh 299: Well I sort of think of it as a as a bluff. You know we do have bluffs around here and maybe there be uh rocks protruding out you see sort of makes a cliff that has a long drop off. Interviewer: Yeah okay um and um say up up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place not not really in a you're still up in the mountains you're not down in a valley but just sort of a a place between the mountains a low place between the mountains you'd call that a? {NW} 299: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Cumberland? 299: Gap yeah mm-hmm Interviewer: Use that word gap or? 299: Yes uh in fact uh course with us it's cattle gaps or uh water gaps. Interviewer: What's that mean? 299: Well a cattle gap is just a uh say you had a uh cattle in the field {C: tape overlaid} and uh or you might some people even have a cattle in the field that's near enough to their house that uh they have to use the same they have to keep the driveway open to go in to and from their house get the cattle or they're in a field that's not actually fenced away from the house lot and they uh cattle gaps are just uh oh they're boards see they're over a sort of a gully or a ditch {C: tape overlaid} and they're they're um boards or two by fours or something and they're just space to enough distance that a cow can't actually walk across them because their hooves see get hung down between these but yet a car can come and go and you don't close them. So that's a cattle gap and a water gap is a so you have um uh a fenced in pasture say with cows or something {C: tape overlaid} and yet a creek runs through {C: tape overlaid} through there and you m- your fencing it in when you come to the creek you'll just fence on across that creek but yet you can it'll be wire stretched across and but the creek actually runs through that wire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And uh that's what you call a water gap. And actually it'll accumulate trash and uh driftwood and everything else because the water sees it running through that wire all the time. {C: tape overlaid} That's sorta what you call a water gap. Interviewer: I've never heard that before I've seen what you're talking about. 299: Say if you have a {C: tape overlaid} pasture that's fenced in and then you have a creek running through that pasture well you'll just keep fencing right on across that creek and then uh lots of times you have to put weights some kind of weights on the bottom of that fence because see that creek goes down lower than the rest of the land on each side so there'll be a space under there that there's a possibility the cows might can get in the creek and even wade out. So they'll put some type of weights I don't know just exactly but we always refer to them water gaps and cattle gaps. Interviewer: That's interesting I never I've seen the cattle gaps 299: Mm-hmm Interviewer: I've seen before but 299: mm-hmm anytime you go to anybody's house you drive through those little Interviewer: Yeah 299: places. Interviewer: There was it was sort of a this one was sort of like a pipe 299: Yeah Interviewer: that they had there and I I figured that's what it was for 299: Uh-huh Interviewer: well it seems to me though that the cow could break its leg. 299: Well they c- they could see that they'd get their legs hung down in there but for some reason as as a rule they won't even try because soon as they see uh I guess they got to keep their feet on level ground and they just don't usually try to even cross. Interviewer: That's the cattle gap? 299: Uh-huh Interviewer: Um say if if you were going to um well say if you took a if you were going to chop down a tree or something to you'd make a little V shaped cut you know in the direction you were going to you want it to fall you'd call that cut a? 299: I know what you're talking about but um all I all I'm thinking of is a groove. Interviewer: Uh huh What um what about say if if you just took a um took a piece of wood and just cut in like this and then like that you'd cut out a little? 299: Wedge Interviewer: Uh huh {overlaid} I'm thinking of of the word um notch. #1 Did you ever use that? # 299: #2 Notch yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # I just couldn't think that's right. You notch logs and you notch. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Do you ever use that to refer to this to mean the same thing as a gap in the mountains? 299: I never have thought of it as such. Interviewer: Uh huh okay um a place where boats stop and where freights unloaded? 299: Well like a boat dock Interviewer: Okay any different types? Like say say something on on this river just a a smaller thing um like just big enough for you to get your just a place where you could get the boat into the water and then? 299: A loading it'd be a loading dock. Interviewer: Okay um and types of of roads that you have around here? What do you call most of important roads you have? 299: Well we call the important roads highways and the others are just roads. Interviewer: Okay what um what are they made out of? 299: Well uh the roads are just uh graveled roads. They're dirt and then they gravel them. And then uh the highways are asphalt or yeah black top we call them. Interviewer: What about um that white part of paved roads? Like the sidewalk? 299: Well concrete but we some are concrete and course I don't guess we actually have any of those do we um except sidewalks maybe. Interviewer: I can't think of any that I've gone through. Uh what would you call a a little road that goes off the main road? Say a road like 299: A path Interviewer: Okay but what would you call the road that? 299: The driveway Interviewer: What's what's the driveway a just a 299: Up to a house uh-huh Interviewer: Okay what about the the road like the well it turns off 147? You know this this dirt road that 299: Mm-hmm Interviewer: goes on up that way what would you call that? 299: I just call it a road. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a a country road or a bypass or a? 299: Well country road yeah but uh um bypass I don't I don't I don't use it much or hear it referred to. Interviewer: What do you mean by country road? 299: Well to me this is a country road. Interviewer: Just sort of a smaller road then? 299: Any road that's just that's usually graveled or that's usually got woods on each side or field and things I think. Interviewer: Yeah what about a road that that has trees on both sides? Would you call that anything special? 299: Well you could call it a woods road I guess {C: tape overlaid} or a wooded road. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a a lane? 299: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 what is that? # 299: Lane well I usually think of a country lane as being maybe even going through a pasture or you know somewhere on a farm say. Or maybe going up to somebody's house from a main road that's what it is. Interviewer: What about say the a road on your farm well something you could drive your truck over to um say from the house to the barn? 299: Well lots of times you might say wagon roads or it might be referred to as a lane. Interviewer: Okay um and something along the um side of the street for people to walk on? 299: Sidewalk Interviewer: Okay you know there's a a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? Have you ever heard that given a name? 299: A blo- no not a block. Interviewer: You know what I mean don't you? 299: Uh-huh Interviewer: There's the sidewalk and then there's grass and then the street. {NW} 299: But I can't think of what it could be called. Interviewer: Okay um say if you were walking along a road and and a dog jumped out and scared you um what would you pick up and throw? 299: A rock Interviewer: Okay and so what would you say you did? 299: I throwed a rock Interviewer: Okay would you use another expression besides that would you say chucked or pitched or? {overlaid} 299: You could say I pitched a rock but I never do say chucked I never would. Interviewer: What do you what does pitched mean? 299: Usually you think of pitched as pitching a ball in baseball. Y- you pitch a ball or but pitch is really the same thing as throw. Interviewer: Yeah okay um 299: And course a pitch fork is something you used to throw hay. Pitch hay Interviewer: I never thought of that just pitching hay. Um but you you think you probably you'd say throw throw the rock at a 299: I always say throw I throw the rock. Interviewer: Um say you went to somebody's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered you say well I guess he's not? 299: At home Interviewer: Okay and um tell me about putting milk in coffee. You'd say this um some people like coffee how? 299: Black Interviewer: Okay um how's so black okay black coffee then is coffee that's? 299: Has has no cream in it. Interviewer: Okay and um say if you like um say if you like milk in your tea you'd say drink your tea how? {C: tape overlaid} 299: If you like milk in your tea? Interviewer: Yeah 299: Seasoned? Interviewer: Okay you say um some people will eat corn flakes dried but most people like them? 299: With milk Interviewer: Okay and um if someone were walking in your direction you say he was coming straight? 299: Towards Interviewer: Okay and um say if you'd gone to town and and just happened to see someone you hadn't seen in a long time and just sort of a coincidence that you happened to see them you'd say well this morning I ran? 299: Into Interviewer: Okay and um if a a little girl's given the same name her mother has you'd say that they named the child? 299: After her Interviewer: Okay and um what kinds of of animals did you have on your property? 299: Oh well we had cows and mules and horses and hogs pigs and chickens and we had sheep at one time and goats. Interviewer: You had goats? 299: Uh-huh Interviewer: What did you have those from? 299: Well uh we u- uh my brother I had an older brother that just really liked things like that and we have no special reason except uh we kept them as we call it down in the holler we had this uh {C: tape overlaid} road that went down into the holler and it was fenced in like and they just run ran down in that uh that uh fenced in place and they just stripped the trees and the bushes really they all uh they'll strip land of uh sprouts or bushes that you want to get rid of {C: tape overlaid} but they'll also just strip the land of anything it'll just be completely worn out where they are. And we actually one time had one uh barbecue killed but uh as far as having them for any special reason we didn't we didn't milk them or anything like that. Interviewer: Is goat meat good? 299: Well uh they it is or we thought it was then if you knew {NS} uh just how to kill it and dress it and we had to get somebody else that knew they say you have to kill 'em before you actually get 'em stirred up because you know that awful smell that they have and if you stir them up chase them or anything before you kill 'em uh they'll have that meat will hold it strong uh taste. Interviewer: You mean they just I heard that goats stink but 299: Oh they smell terrible. Interviewer: They just stink when they get mad or? 299: Well it's worse I think see they must stink with some kind of smell more when they're they're uh stirred up or mad and because they say before you kill one uh not to stir 'em up because they must {X} makes the meat stronger or something and uh so we actually didn't have them for any reason at all except I do remember having one killed in a and barbecued or something. Interviewer: Yeah {overlaid} um in a heard of cattle what do you call the male? {overlaid} 299: Well that's what I was thinking of last night when you's talking different things. {C: tape overlaid} Well you'd really call it a bull. {C: tape overlaid} But when we were growing up my mother wouldn't let us say bull. {NW} And uh so my grandmother they always had the {C: tape overlaid} the male and she always called him old Ben. {NW} {Overlaid} And believe it or not our mother made us call it a bellering cow. {NW} Why I don't know but really when we were growing up we thought to say bull was cursing if you'd say Interviewer: Yeah 299: it's a bull. Interviewer: {NW} 299: {X} My grandmother also said the old male. So Interviewer: Wait she called it the the bell- 299: The bellering cow B-E-L-L-E-R-I-N-G Interviewer: The bellering cow 299: Uh-huh {NW} Interviewer: What about um the male horse was it? 299: Well this is something I'm not too uh too good on is uh horses and things uh if I understand maybe a horse is a horse or is a mare. But a mare is the female of the horse see. But uh to breed and you say mules they're neither they're without sex I guess you'd say. But to a in order to a my brother he actually uh raised two mules from birth and I think you have to breed them with a jack don't you? You take the mare and breed it with a jack. And it then you come out with a mule maybe. So that's something I'm not too good on. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a Stallion or a stud? 299: Yeah I've heard of them I know we didn't actually have anything like that. Interviewer: Um say if you had these mules you had two of them hitched together you'd call that a? 299: A team of mules. Interviewer: Okay And um say uh a little cow when it's first born? 299: Calf Interviewer: Okay what if it's a female? 299: It's a heifer. Interviewer: Okay and um if it's a male? 299: Would it be a yearling? Interviewer: Okay did you you never I guess if you couldn't say bull you wouldn't say bull calf or? 299: We didn't usually have 'em uh uh. We just said a little male I guess. {NW} Interviewer: Um and the kind of animal that that barks and that? 299: A dog Interviewer: Okay if you wanted your dog to attack another dog you'd tell him to? 299: Sic 'em Interviewer: {NW} okay and um if he's a mixed breed you'd just call him a? {NW} What just what different types of dogs do people have I mean I'm not talking about breeds you know just. 299: You talking about uh like a coon? Interviewer: Yeah 299: Coon hounds and uh course hounds and collies and shepherds and of course there's there are bulldogs and bird dogs of course bird hounds too. And uh course there's feist they call some feist little feist. Interviewer: Is that that little dog? 299: I think so. and um there's a name for the mixed breed but uh I I just off hand can't think of what it was. Interviewer: Do you ever um you know these big dogs some you see on some people's farms sometimes and just huge things? 299: German police Interviewer: Okay what about just a a general name for short haired big dog? Have you ever heard that called anything? 299: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: I was wondering about the word cur? 299: Yeah Interviewer: Do you ever? 299: Yeah cur dog but I never had to give it thought what kind it was. Interviewer: What what do you picture? 299: A cur dog? Interviewer: Yeah {C: tape overlaid} 299: I still think of the collie or the shepherd I just in my mind. Interviewer: Is that is the shepherd long haired or? 299: No the collie's the long haired I believe shepherd's a little shorter I I think. To me I think a shepherd would come near being it's in some ways it's a little bit like the German police except it has longer hair. The collie has the real long hair I think and the difference in the collie and the shepherd it'd be the collie's ears stand up and maybe the shepherd's droop down I believe maybe. Interviewer: Do you ever um see a dog that maybe a shepherd dog that has real light blue eyes would you sort- you know most dogs have dark eyes you know brown or whatever but say a dog that has just real light colored eyes? 299: No I'm not familiar with it. Interviewer: I'd I'd seen one of those and someone said it was a glass eye shepherd. 299: Well that's something new to me I've never heard of it. Interviewer: It's really strange. 299: Uh-huh Interviewer: It was real light blue {overlaid} 299: Aw Interviewer: I thought maybe the dog was blind or something. 299: Uh-huh Oh that's a new one on me. Interviewer: I just wondered if you had ever heard that. 299: Uh-uh I haven't. Interviewer: Um say if you had a real mean dog you might tell someone um you better be careful that dog will? 299: Bite you Interviewer: Okay and you say um yesterday he? 299: Bit somebody Interviewer: Okay and you say the person had to go to the doctor after he got? 299: Got bit Interviewer: Okay and um say if you had a a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say that the cow was going to? 299: I'd just say have a calf now they say a lot of them say calve Interviewer: Uh-huh 299: or drop a calf but oh I just say have a calf. Interviewer: Okay and um you say everyone around here likes to what horses? 299: Ride horses Interviewer: Okay Say uh last year he what his horse everyday? 299: Rode Interviewer: Okay say but I've never? 299: Ridden Interviewer: Okay and if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell? 299: Off Interviewer: Okay and um say if a little child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found herself on the floor in the morning you'd say well I guess I must've? 299: Fell off the bed I'd say but it should say falling. Interviewer: Okay um and um the things that you put on a horses feet? 299: Horseshoes Interviewer: Okay um have you ever heard of a game similar played with something similar to that? 299: Oh yes we played horseshoe growing up. Interviewer: Yeah do you ever play anything like that only with instead of using the horseshoes using rings? 299: Uh-huh we'd at one time we got something like that for Christmas you had the two little stops with the little suction things on them that you could even play in the house maybe. And uh you toss these rings just little round rings I don't even know what it was called but it was a {D: lot of} horseshoe we used to play horseshoe all the time. Interviewer: Um when you put the the horseshoes on the horse you you nail them to his? 299: Hoof Interviewer: Okay and um you say so you'd call those those parts of the horse's feet you call them his? 299: hoof Interviewer: Yeah you say a horse has four? 299: Hooves Interviewer: Okay um what do you call the female sheep? 299: Um ewe Interviewer: Okay 299: E-W-E isn't it? Interviewer: Okay um and what about the male? 299: Is it a ram? Interviewer: Okay is that word nice to say? {Overlaid} 299: Yeah I guess so we {NW} we said most anything except bull. {NW} Yeah I guess it is. {NW} Interviewer: What did you raise sheep for? 299: We had to uh had them sheared for their wool and sold the wool. And uh when I was growing up and uh daddy had so much trouble with them that he finally got rid of them. We had a mad dog to get into them Interviewer: Oh really? 299: and bit some and they went mad. And uh Interviewer: Huh 299: Then we had 'em they real bad about getting into uh {C: tape overlaid} I don't know if it's the clover fields or uh alfalfa. It's one kind of it's some kind of hay or something you got and they're bad about getting into it. But when they over eat it they bloat and I've seen just several of them just laying out there cause they have eaten too much and they'll just be bloated and dead. So uh there are so many things that go wrong with sheep 'til daddy finally got rid of them. But we usually used to have sheep sheared and sold the wool. Interviewer: You have to watch some of those animals don't you for over eating? 299: Uh-huh you do. Interviewer: They can't throw up or something 299: Uh uh or something in in fact they claim there is there's a possibility that you can even stick 'em with a knife and let that air escape and they'll even live sometimes. Interviewer: Huh 299: But they'll actually bloat and it could be it's if they get to water right afterwards yeah there are other certain things that a cow if a cow eats certain things 299: That that has always been funny to me that how she she everytime she lays down to rest she uh burps doesn't she and burps it back up and chews it too. {NW} Interviewer: Is is the sheep like that? 299: I'm not sure if they are or not. Interviewer: I've never been around sheep. 299: I don't I don't know a lot about them either cause I was young when we had 'em. Interviewer: Well you said you you had hogs too um what did you call you know there there are different names according to their size and so forth when they are first born you say you call them? 299: Pig little pigs Interviewer: Okay and if when they get bigger? 299: Well there's also they call them tops or Interviewer: What's that? 299: Well I've heard people topping out hogs I don't know what size that is. But there are tops and then there's a of course when they are larger they're just a hog I guess you'd say. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of shoats? 299: Shoats yes but I don't know what age a shoat is. Interviewer: Yeah what about um the male? 299: Well it'd be a boar. Interviewer: Okay was that word nice to use or? 299: We never did say it much. {NW} Interviewer: What what did you say or did you just not? 299: I didn't say it when it came to hog. I just don't remembering even worrying about hogs. {NW} Interviewer: What if um what if you had a a pig and you didn't want him to grow up and be a boar? What would you say you were going to do to him? 299: Well we called it marking 'em marking 'em or cutting 'em. Interviewer: Okay would you use that same word say talking about a tom cat or something? 299: Well I think they call that spaying them don't they? Interviewer: Okay um and um what about on a horse? {NW} 299: I'm not sure what you do to a horse? Interviewer: Oh or calf? 299: I don't know really that is something I just don't remember. Interviewer: Yeah what um what would you call it after it'd been cut what would you call the the hog? 299: I don't know. Interviewer: You would you call him a boar or would it be called? 299: I don't know what it'd be called because I just never give it much thought. Interviewer: Yeah did you ever hear of bar or barrow? 299: No I you mean that's what they are called? Interviewer: I've heard that word. 299: I don't know cause I just never heard. Interviewer: You just never? 299: Uh uh I just never heard anybody say. Interviewer: Okay um the the stiff hairs that are on a hogs back you know that you know when the hog gets mad these hairs come up? 299: Um I don't know of that either. Interviewer: You know they well in a a brush you know the? 299: Bristles. Interviewer: Okay um and those big teeth that a hog has? 299: Uh tusks Interviewer: Okay 299: Tush tusks I don't. Interviewer: Yeah um the thing that you put the food in for the hogs? 299: Troughs Interviewer: Okay um and um where would you where would you have that? 299: In the hog pen. Interviewer: Would would you just have one or would you have? 299: Usually just one a long one, a real long one. Interviewer: And you call that the? 299: Hog trough troughs I guess you would say. Interviewer: Okay um do you have any names for a hog that has grown up wild? 299: I always thought of a wild hog as a boar or wild boar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And there's a name I guess but I I can't think of what it Interviewer: Yeah um the noise that a calf makes when it is being weaned? Say that the calf began to? 299: Bawl I say. Interviewer: Okay and what about the the loud noise that a cow makes when her calves taken away from her? 299: Well we always say the cow's bawling but uh you could say bellering I guess. Interviewer: Yeah what about the gentle noise that she makes? 299: Mooing Interviewer: Okay and um the gentle noise that a horse makes? 299: Uh neigh neigh neighing or Interviewer: Okay what about he makes a a softer noise than that like maybe when he he recognizes another horse or you know it there's a real soft noise. 299: I'm thinking of a name that starts with a W. But I don't even I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um and say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth and they were getting hungry you say that it's time to go feed the? 299: The stock Interviewer: Okay and um say if you had some hens and turkeys and geese and so forth would you have a general name for them? Like say it's time to go feed the? 299: Um nothing comes to me right now. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um a hen on a nest of eggs is called a? 299: Set setting hen. Interviewer: Okay where did you keep the hens? 299: In the hen house. Interviewer: What what else what other places might you have? Maybe for just the mother and and the chicks? 299: Well in a a chicken coop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Or a brooder no that would be just for the newborns the brooders was just. Interviewer: What was the coop like? 299: Well it's just a little small uh just a real little small uh building just about oh it would be several feet long and it might not be but a foot or two high with a little planking roof and it with a little opening and maybe just with a plank that you put a plank up to it and maybe a rock. That's where you kept the hen and chickens. Interviewer: So none of them could get out? 299: Uh the hen couldn't lots of times and lots of times it was made where the hen couldn't get out but the little chickens could and they could come and go because the little chicken won't leave its mother Interviewer: Yeah 299: very long. And uh Interviewer: What about the brooder? What was that built like? 299: Uh well a brooder really when you think of a real brooder it's a when you hatch the the little chickens without the hen and uh there are different types of brooders now. When I was growing up we had a a brooder that uh I'm not sure how the well I guess we bought the chickens you know when they were small and then it had two two layers to it. And the underneath the bottom floor which was just about a foot high you set uh something maybe like maybe these coil lamps or something that kept it warm. And it kept the floor of it warm and you put the little chickens on the second floor. And it would be just maybe a foot or foot high or something and uh it kept them warm. And then you they'd have a it'd have a roof on it. Then it also have a little what you'd call a sun porch made to it for these little chickens on pretty days could go out on to the sun porch and it would be covered with wire on the top and they could go and come Interviewer: Huh 299: you know on the ground. So that's the brooders that I'm thinking of. Interviewer: Yeah what if you were going to ship chickens somewhere? 299: Uh what would you do it how or? Interviewer: Yeah what would you put them in? 299: Well uh when we got them through the you know you could order them even from hatcheries places. You could uh they've got {D: paid for} boxes with uh that's got holes all in 'em. And they'd actually come in those boxes and they'll come through the post office I've seen 'em and heard 'em in the post office just cheeping up a storm. {NW} Interviewer: Um you know when you eat chicken there's a a bone? 299: The breast bone. Interviewer: The one that 299: Oh the wishbone or the pulley bone I call it. Interviewer: Okay what um is there a I guess you would say stories about that? 299: Yes you uh you could take the pulley bone and you get somebody to pull it with you and the one that gets the shortest end of it will marry first or which ever I don't which maybe marry first. Interviewer: You ever hear that short end or the long end called any special names? 299: No I haven't Interviewer: Okay And um what do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you eat? Do you have just a general name for the inside parts that you eat? 299: That you eat uh? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: You're not talking about the chicken breast or a backbone? Interviewer: I I just mean the inside like the liver and heart and gizzard and so forth. Is there a general name like haslet or harslet or? 299: No no not to me I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah what about on a pig the inside parts that you eat? 299: I don't call it anything I can't think of anything uh Interviewer: Yeah do you ever hear of liver liver and 299: Yeah liver I mean I've eaten hog liver yeah Interviewer: Uh huh 299: and the lights they call it and the. Interviewer: What's that 299: Well it's something uh pretty close to the liver it's just another uh object {NW} right close to the liver but I don't know what it is really. And um {C: overlaid} but I don't know what you'd call those things. Interviewer: Yeah do you ever see um a hog butchered? {NS} 299: Mhmm I have. Interviewer: How do you do that? 299: Well you um first the one that I've seen they shoot him with a gun and soon as they shoot him as soon as he falls over he dead. They cut his throat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And then they let's see what do they do first? Oh then they uh I may have part of it backwards but the next thing after they cut his throat I guess they throw him in the hog scalder Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: with boiling it's full of boiling hot water. And then they scald him and then they uh hang him to a well to uh say from a tree limb or a pole. {C: loud ringing} {NW} So after you uh hang him from the pole or the tree or whatever then you uh {C: overlaid} well just cut him right straight down through the middle and take his uh insides or entrails or whatever you want to call them out {C: overlaid} and then uh you scrape you scrape all of the hair off of him cause after you scald him then then you scrape that all off. And then that's that that's it then you after you take him down from the pole then you have to block him out into the sections of meat that you usually have. Interviewer: When you cut the side of the hog what do you call that? 299: You mean uh when you cut him when you cut him down the middle or? Interviewer: Yeah when you're I guess what you said blocking. 299: Blocking him out. Interviewer: Uh huh when you cut the side what do you call that section? 299: Middling I believe it's they call it the middling in there. Interviewer: Would you and what what other parts are there? 299: Well course you'd have the two shoulders and you'd have the two hams and you'd have uh you have the middlings which I think are these sides. You have the hog's head which they and the hogs feet and uh then uh that's all just about all that I can uh think of the sections when you actually cut it out like that then of course you grind you clean that all out after you cut it block it out into sections and you trim it and all the trim the trimmings from it you grind into sausage which is your tender loin sometimes you put your tenderloins in which is it's just the lean meat from different sections. Interviewer: What about the kind of meat that that you um have in the morning for breakfast? 299: Bacon Interviewer: Uh huh is that um when you talk about bacon do you refer to the um the section of meat or the slice? 299: Well really bacon is it's really the middling it it's that section from the side I think. I think most all bacon is from the the sides of the hog which we'd call middlings. Interviewer: Would you call would you talk about side of bacon or middling of bacon or? 299: You'd say a side of bacon maybe but it- it will be the middling really so I {X} and course your hog's jowl slashed hog jowl which a lot of people use as bacon is actually {NW} see the section from the hog's jowl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: And then lot of people uh uh use that as bacon and refer to it as bacon but it's really hogs' jowl. Interviewer: You mean when you talk about bacon just now you're referring to that sliced meat? 299: Uh huh Interviewer: Okay 299: And you in the grocery store you can even buy the sliced hog's jowl as bacon or you can buy the sliced up middling I'd say. Interviewer: Um what about say the the kind of um meat that you might roll with grease? 299: Hog jowl is usually what Interviewer: Uh huh 299: we use. Interviewer: What if it's meat that's got a a lot of fat to it? 299: Well I have heard it referred to as fat back but I don't know. Interviewer: Any other names or things like fat back? {Overlaid} 299: No I don't just the hog's jowl is usually what we referred to it as I can't think of anything. Interviewer: What about um if its' got streaks of lean to it? 299: Well middlings the middling would have streaks of lean but of course you might have the you might have the sliced ham or shoulder which would have lean but are you the middling would have lean too so I don't. Interviewer: Yeah do you ever hear of um white meat or sow belly or chuck meat or anything like that? 299: Yeah I've heard of sow belly but I I actually don't know what that would be unless it is still part of what I call the middling because when you when you cut that hog down like this when you cut that section out you've got what's still the middling. So some people might call it a sow belly I don't. Interviewer: What is a sow belly is that fat meat or lean meat or? Have you ever seen it or? 299: Not that I I've never seen it to know you know #1 exactly # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 299: exactly what it is. Interviewer: Okay um and the person that that sells meat say in a grocery store you'd call him a? 299: Butcher Interviewer: Okay and if meat's been kept too long and it doesn't smell right or taste right anymore you say that it's? 299: Spoiled Interviewer: Okay after you um butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from its head? 299: Souse meat mother makes that. Interviewer: How's that made? 299: Or some people call it pressed meat. Interviewer: Pressed meat? 299: Uh huh You boil you boil all that stuff course you got to clean those heads someone take all those eyeballs and everything out and but you boil it all. And um when once you boil that stuff it'll just uh fall into a a jelly like and it will just fall off the bone Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: and uh it will be gristly kind of have gristles in it but then mother uh she uh waits for it to cool and then she uh just works it until it will be just a jelly and it will have this little jelly substance mixed with it that's cooked out of it and she'll got to get all the bones out of it and work it into a mush and then I think she you have to pour it then into a she's got a crop she calls it it's a big heavy bowl. And she pours it into that and of course it's winter time when you kill hogs so therefore it's it's cold outside usually. So she pre- uh puts some kind of heavy plate or something over that {X} over that and um within I don't know by the next day or sometime its got cool enough that it it's just like what they call pressed meat or souse meat. And you can actually slice it there just like you would a a slice it into squares and it'll look sorta like some of this uh lunching meat you'd buy in the stores. Interviewer: Hmm 299: But I don't like it I don't much like it it's got a gristly stuff in it. Interviewer: You ever um take something like this and maybe the the juice from this and and maybe mix it straight up with cornmeal and some of the hog meat and cook it and then let it get cool and then slice it and fry it? 299: Now uh this souse meat mother has fried it. I think I don't know if you actually would roll it in cornmeal but I no I'm not familiar with this other you said mix cornmeal with the jelly substance from it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: No but now mother batters the hog feet. The hog feet after she cleans those and she you have to singe 'em and everything in the open fire and get all that all the scrape 'em and all that and take those little uh uh outer part of those hooves off. And then you roll them in uh flour. Batter 'em and fry them. Interviewer: Why do you have to singe them? 299: Cause they've got that kind of a hair like on 'em still they it just gets the rest of that old uh I don't know. Interviewer: Is there? 299: Cause once you've you actually you scald them and you scraped the hog all over maybe almost the feet are still not as clean as Interviewer: Yeah 299: but she she always stuck 'em on one of these big long forks you know it's got the prongs and would stick them in the fire and they'll actually just singe and then she scrapes. And I don't know what all she does to them. It's a lot of work to most people throw them away. Interviewer: Yeah how does it taste once you get to 'em? 299: They're good believe it or not they've got a it's a jelly like uh substance in them Interviewer: Uh huh 299: and they're fat they've got fat jelly taste. And uh then that fried brown batter mixed with 'em uh the they're good really you just wouldn't believe they would be but they're good. Interviewer: Um do you ever hear making any dish by cooking and griding up the hog liver? 299: Hash mother made has made hash. But uh she usually just chopped the liver and uh and then you could put onions and I think she put chopped potatoes with 'em some of them to make hash. Interviewer: And did you ever hear of um anybody ever making anything out of hog blood? 299: Yeah I have Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 299: #2 course uh # I never did but uh years ago there was some people that lived in this section of the county that they claimed made blood pies. But I that's all I've ever heard of and then. Interviewer: What what were blood pies? Like did you ever hear? 299: I've never seen one or even oh I didn't would have thought about eating one either. I don't know what they were like except that maybe they took the hogs blood and actually made 'em into fried these fried pies. But now that's what I've heard but I've never actually seen one Interviewer: Yeah you just left the blood spill on out and didn't try to catch it and make anything out of it? 299: Uh uh now the blood it just I don't know where it went it spilled out I guess you. Interviewer: Um say if you kept butter too long and it didn't taste right how would you describe it? 299: It's molded usually Interviewer: Okay um would you use another word would you say that that the butter tasted 299: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 {X} or rancid? # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 299: Well you might say rancid but I I've never heard anybody say much about it. Interviewer: Yeah um what do you call that thick sour milk? 299: Buttermilk or clabber. Interviewer: Okay do you ever make anything? 299: Yeah from the clabber mother makes uh cottage cheese from the clabber. Interviewer: How do you make that? 299: Well you know after it's clabbered anyway it's real it'll real get real thick and you have to she would set it on like I said she had she still has the cook stove the wood cook stove and it had one of these uh oh uh hot water uh reservoirs she called it and it would stay kind of warm and she'd set that milk on there until it would completely separate. And when it clabbers that there the part of the white part of the milk will actually separate and leave just a clear water kinda and she would keep pouring this water off and keep working this clabbered milk and it takes you a long time to do it but you work it until it gets completely dry and it's just cottage cheese. You just work it and work it. Interviewer: Keep it over the heat? 299: Well it it does that when you have to warm it and keep it over the heat to get it to clabber and to completely separate. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: And then you complete keep working with it to work all the water out of it. Well just with your hands or something you just sorta oh sorta uh knead it like like you would dough. And work with it and then keep pouring that {X} or water off of it. And finally you just got that dry white crumbly cottage cheese. Course eh with a lot of milk you just wind up with a little just a not much cottage cheese. It takes a lot of milk to make the cottage cheese. Interviewer: Hmm 299: But mother's made it. Interviewer: Yeah what about um well say the first thing you do after milking is you have to? 299: Strain it strain the milk. Interviewer: And um do you ever hear of um some sorta of like a fruit pie only baked in a deep dish and? 299: Cobbler Interviewer: Huh? 299: A cobbler Interviewer: Okay and um say if someone had a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his? 299: Food Interviewer: Okay would you ever use the word {X} 299: Yeah {NS} {X} I've heard it used a lot I never did say {X} myself. Interviewer: Um what would you call a milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you might pour over a pie? 299: Milk and cream mixed with nutmeg? Interviewer: Yeah sugar or something just some a sweet. 299: Sauce Interviewer: Okay and um food taken between regular meals you'd call a? 299: Snack Interviewer: Okay and um you mentioned that um you know the the inside part of of the hog that you know you take out after you. 299: The entrails I'd say. Interviewer: Um have you ever heard of people eating that? 299: Yeah chitterlings mother's mother's uh made those one time just not for us to eat cuz we wouldn't eat them but uh my brother-in-law got the idea that he wanted some chitterlings cause he heard about them they said they're good but you use the actually it's the intestines Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: and uh you um and also there's a paunch or there's another uh something in there that I you can use that too I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But uh you clean those old intestines and then you soak 'em in in water now at first you may soak them in salt water I'm not sure about this cuz mother never tried it but one time. But you soak 'em for days and you change the water like each day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Til you're they're soaked completely clean and then you take those long intestines and then you clip them into little sections just cut them into little sections and then after that after they've sort of dried out and everything you uh I don't know if you batter them before you fry them or not but you fry on them. I think but Interviewer: You've never tasted? 299: I don't taste them no Interviewer: It seems like it would taste tough or something. 299: Uh huh it seems they would but I think they are real prickly like, you know. Interviewer: Huh okay um say if it was time to to feed the stock and do your chores you'd say that it was? 299: Uh feeding time. Interviewer: Okay and um how do you call cows to get them to come in out of the pasture? 299: {D:Soo soo} {NW} Interviewer: Okay what about um to make them stand still while you milking 'em? 299: {D: Saw} Interviewer: Go ahead and and say it like you would. 299: Well see I never did actually do it but I've worked with {D: saw.} {NW} Interviewer: Okay what um what if you wanted to move their their leg back so you could milk 'em? 299: I think she'd you know she'd just say saw now jerseys s- or something I'm not sure. Interviewer: Okay was jersey the name of the cow? 299: Well it jersey is really a kind of cow but usually your milk cows so many times are jerseys. Interviewer: Yeah how do you call a calf? 299: I've never I don't know I've never actually called one. Interviewer: Yeah what about what would you say to a mule or horse to make them turn left or right? 299: Uh yay and wa I believe. Interviewer: Yeah which is which? 299: I don't know I don't really know which is which but it's yay I bet it's yay and wa. Interviewer: Okay and um how do you call horses to get them in and out of the pasture? {NW} 299: I'm not sure about that either I I don't know how. Interviewer: Do was? 299: You can whistle I think to get them but uh but I'm just I just don't remember doing anything. Interviewer: Yeah what about um what would you say to a horse to get 'em started? 299: Um you usually go and went {NW} like that. made a clicking sound . Interviewer: Yeah 299: But I couldn't do it I can't do it cause I never did actually drive horses. Interviewer: Yeah is that the same you know if you want if they stand still and you want to go or if they're aren't going and you want to go faster would you say the same thing? Would you click at him both times or? 299: Well {NW} I'm not sure uh I've also heard people say things like haw like haw and I don't know if this means it may mean the same thing as wa you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: Or gees {X} they've said gee and haw and I don't know what they mean either. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: But uh I just don't really remember anything with somebody would say get up or giddy-up or something like that. Interviewer: What about to stop 'em? What do you say? 299: Woah Interviewer: Okay and to make 'em say back into a buggy? You tell 'em to? 299: I I don't know Interviewer: Okay how do you call hogs? {NW} {NW} 299: I don't know that either right now I've really forgotten a lot of that stuff I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah what about chickens? 299: I don't know that either. Interviewer: Do you remember how you call sheep? 299: No I don't I sure don't. Interviewer: And say if you were to get your horses ready to go somewhere you'd say I want to what the horses? 299: Harness the horses you mean? Interviewer: Okay and um when you are driving a horse what or plowing what do you call the things you hold in your hands? 299: The reins Interviewer: Okay is this is this when you're plowing? 299: Uh I don't know really if it is or not and that's all I know. Interviewer: What about when you are riding on horseback? What are you holding? 299: Well sometime they call them the leash or something I don't know if its Interviewer: Yeah 299: I don't know. Interviewer: Would you call that the reins or? 299: Well I would I guess cause I don't I don't know of anything else right now. Interviewer: Yeah um and the thing that you you put your feet in when you are riding on a horse? 299: The stirrup Interviewer: Okay and um if you are plowing with two horses well we'll say if you are plowing you know that thing that you cut you'd call that the? 299: Furrow Interviewer: Okay and the horse that walks in the furrow? What would you call him? When your plow him with two horses? 299: I don't know that either. Interviewer: Okay um and you say something's this well I might say well I'm not sure exactly how far away it is but it's just a little? 299: Ways Interviewer: Okay um and say you'd been traveling somewhere and you you stopped for lunch you might tell people now? We can't stay here long cause we still have a? 299: Long ways to go I'd say. Interviewer: Okay and something's real common and you don't have to look for it in any special place you'd say oh you can find that just about? 299: Anywhere Interviewer: Okay and if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell? 299: Backward Interviewer: And this way? 299: Forward Interviewer: Okay and say if you had been fishing and I ask you if you caught any fish you might say no what the one no? 299: No not a one. Interviewer: Okay do you ever say nary one or? 299: I don't but I've heard lots of people say it. Interviewer: Yeah and um say if someone apologized for breaking your rake or something like that you might say oh that's alright I didn't like it? 299: Anyway Interviewer: Okay um and um you say if you have a good yield you'd say we raised a big? 299: Crop Interviewer: Huh? 299: Crop Interviewer: Okay and um if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say that you? 299: Cleared the land or cut sprouts or Interviewer: Okay and um say if you if you um {NW} had already cut the the hay off a piece of land then that same season enough grew back so you could cut it again what would you call that? 299: Uh I don't know uh Interviewer: Okay wha- what would you call a say if you had planted a certain crop last year and this year without planting it came up? 299: Well I'd we'd call it volunteers. Interviewer: Okay um and um wheat is tied up into a? 299: Uh bundles {NW} Interviewer: Okay and then they're piled up into a? 299: Uh it's not shocks is it? Interviewer: Okay and um talk about how much wheat you might get to make or you might say we raised forty? 299: Bushels to an acre. Interviewer: Okay and um what do you have to do with oaks to separate the grain from the rest of it? 299: Thresh it Interviewer: Okay so you say that oats what? 299: Oats what now? Interviewer: What what would you say you say that oats what thrashed oats? 299: Were thrashed Interviewer: Okay um and um say if if there was something that that we had to do today just the two of us you might say we'll have to do it or another way of saying that? You might say? 299: We'll we'll do it. Interviewer: Yeah but you instead of saying we you might turn to me and say what? 299: You'll do it. Interviewer: Okay but you talking about both of us you might say? 299: You and me Interviewer: Okay um and um say if and um say if someone wanted us to work they might say you might say well he doesn't want just you or just me he wants? 299: Both of us. Interviewer: Okay and um say if um if someone you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and they called out and um they said is is that you and you might say yes it's? 299: Me I'd say. Interviewer: Okay and um say if um if we were just sitting there and we were expecting someone to come to the door and then um we went to the door and we might say oh it's just? 299: Him Interviewer: Okay or if it was a woman we might say oh it's? 299: Her {NW} Interviewer: Okay and if it was two people you'd say it's? 299: Them Interviewer: Okay and um talking about how tall you are you might say he's not as tall as? 299: I am Interviewer: Okay or I'm not as tall as? 299: He is Interviewer: Okay and you might say well he can do that better than? 299: I can Interviewer: Okay and say if if a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say that two miles is? 299: As far as he can run. Interviewer: Okay and um say a long time ago they didn't have a high school here so that the the eighth grade was what? You could get was? 299: Was as far as you could go. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression the fartherest or all the further? 299: Uh-huh I have. Interviewer: What do people say around here? How how would you say that? 299: Well uh and now what was the two words ah? Interviewer: Um all the farther or all the further or fatherest or 299: Most of the time I say the fartherest fartherest. Interviewer: Do you have you ever ever heard that expression all the? 299: All the farther? Interviewer: Yeah 299: Uh-huh or all the further lot of people say all the further. Yeah I've heard it. In fact I might have said it sometime myself. Interviewer: Yeah 299: I say the fartherest I guess most of the time. Interviewer: Yeah um say something belongs to me than you'd say it's? 299: Yours Interviewer: Okay and if it belongs to um both of us you'd say it's? 299: Ours Interviewer: And if it belong to him then it'd be? 299: His Interviewer: And to her it'd be? 299: Hers Interviewer: And to them? 299: Be theirs Interviewer: Okay and um say people had had been to visit you and they were about to leave you might say to them? 299: Y'all come back. {NW} Interviewer: Okay do you use that word y'all 299: uh huh Interviewer: much? What about um say if there had been a group at your house and then they were fixing to leave and you were asking them about their coats you might ask well where are? 299: Where are your coats? Interviewer: Okay would you say your when you're talking to the whole group? 299: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You wouldn't say you alls coats or y'alls coats? 299: No you'd say your I'd say yours Interviewer: Okay um and say if there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to um and you want to know about the people that had gone you might say well? 299: Who all was there? Interviewer: Okay and um say I if you were asking about a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family but you didn't know um you might ask about them well what children are they well? 299: Whose children are they? Interviewer: Okay would you ever say who? Who alls children are they? 299: Yeah in fact I may I say who all most lots of the time. Interviewer: Yeah okay um and say if if there a speaker had made a speech on covered a number of topics and you hadn't been able to hear it you might ask afterwards well? You say what? What all did he say or what did you think? 299: Uh yeah sounds just like me. What all did he say? {NW} Interviewer: Okay um and you say if no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for? 299: Their self Interviewer: Okay if no one else will do it for them you say he better do it? 299: Hisself Interviewer: Okay and um what's what sort of things are made out of flour? 299: You mean like biscuit? Interviewer: Yeah 299: Biscuit and cake pie crust. Interviewer: Okay what about other things say something that comes in a loaf? 299: Bread Interviewer: Okay what if it's made to rise? 299: Uh you mean a Interviewer: Well what different types of bread are there? 299: Well you mean like I don't know if I know exactly what you. Interviewer: Say um if you put something in it to make the bread rise? 299: Oh uh leavened or unleavened Interviewer: Uh huh 299: leavened bread or unleavened bread or. Interviewer: Yeah 299: Or uh or seasoned like soda or baking powder or Interviewer: Uh huh is there something else you might use? 299: Oh yeast Interviewer: Uh huh if it's got yeast in it do you call it? 299: It'd be uh well like a it'd be um Interviewer: Do you talk about light bread or loaf bread or 299: Oh light bread we I always say light bread. Interviewer: Okay um what's that leavened and unleavened? Do people talk about that? 299: Well to me unleveled unleavened bread is just bread that's got nothing in it it's a Interviewer: Uh huh 299: And leavened bread it's uh it's seasoned. It's got all the seasonings that makes it rise and everything. Interviewer: Uh huh I I just wonder if it's when you say that I've I've never well of course I don't know much about cooking but those words sound to me sort of religious. 299: That's what I yeah that's what I'm referring to that's the only place I've actually heard much about it. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: Course in the Bible you they refer to the leavened and unleveled unleavened bread. Interviewer: Yeah 299: And so that's where I actually heard it yeah Interviewer: Okay and what what about things that um say made out of cornmeal? 299: Well uh there again you've got your ah hoecake Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: bread or you've got your uh um just the cornbread baked in the oven, the corn sticks uh and that's that's about all I know. Interviewer: What about something sort of long like like this? 299: Uh corn sticks. Interviewer: Okay and say if you what about something that you you might eat with fish? 299: Hush puppies Interviewer: Okay how how's that made? 299: Oh I think you just uh use the meal and uh maybe chop up onions and and I don't know what else you'd season it with and then uh then mix it with uh I suppose some kind of milk. I don't actually make 'em and then you uh you roll 'em in little balls and drop 'em in uh deep fat or grease and um for frying. Interviewer: Do you ever see something that you take and sort of shape with your hands? 299: Uh would that be the hush puppies or you talking about those little um there was a type of little um oh they call it plain bread or hot water corn cakes type things you might fry. Interviewer: Hot water? 299: Well it's you take the meal I think that you take the plain meal no {D: not se-} fried or anything and mix boiling water with it and stir it up real quick and you fry it. In real hot grease real quick. And they'll be hard #1 little couple little # Interviewer: #2 About what size? # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 299: Oh they'll be about little round maybe three inch. Interviewer: Yeah 299: Two or three inches just little fritters type. Interviewer: Yeah what do you call 'em? You call 'em? 299: Well I've always heard them called uh just hoecakes and type. The little little hoecakes. Interviewer: Yeah 299: Plain hoecakes they call 'em. Interviewer: Huh never heard of that. 299: My grandmother makes them I know. Interviewer: Um you ever heard of a corn dodger? 299: The oth- those things would be covered for the corn dodgers yeah. Interviewer: Those things that 299: #1 Could be yeah I think some people call them # Interviewer: #2 little hoecakes? # 299: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 299: corn dodgers. Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay um and you say um say if you ever had good homemade bread you you that there is a lot of difference between homemade bread and? 299: Light bread or bought bread. Interviewer: Okay um and what what do you make fried in deep fat with the hole in the center? 299: Donuts Interviewer: Okay are there different names for different types of donuts? 299: Um I don't know about that either. Interviewer: Okay what about something that you make up a batter and fry three three or four of these at one time and maybe eat them in for breakfast? 299: Flap jacks or pancakes Interviewer: Okay any other name? 299: That's all I can think of. Interviewer: Is that what what did you mean when you said fritters? #1 Is that # 299: #2 Fritters # Interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # I'm thinking of the little hoecakes when I say fritters. But I guess they- those could be called fritters I don't know. But I I think of little the little fried hoecakes when I #1 say # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 299: fritters. Interviewer: So you think of something with cornmeal? 299: Uh-huh I do. But uh pancakes are flapjacks as we call 'em is the main thing I thinking of. Interviewer: Yeah um and say um say you go to the store to buy maybe two what of flour two? 299: Sacks of flour I'd say. Interviewer: Okay and each sack would maybe have 5 what? 299: Pounds Interviewer: Huh? 299: Pounds Interviewer: Okay and um what might you have for breakfast in the morning? 299: You mean just say like uh bacon eggs and Interviewer: Okay if if you take um eggs and cook them in hot water what do you call them? 299: Poached eggs Interviewer: Okay how's is that that's cracked? 299: Uh-huh Interviewer: What if if you just um don't crack them? 299: Boiled {NS} Interviewer: Okay and um the inside part of the egg? 299: The yolk Interviewer: Okay and what color is that? 299: Yellow Interviewer: Okay and um you say um this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock? 299: I cooked breakfast. Interviewer: And then I what? 299: Ate breakfast. Interviewer: Okay and you say yesterday by that time I already? 299: I'd say eat breakfast but it's not right. {NW} Interviewer: Okay #1 and # 299: #2 I'd say eat. # Interviewer: and you you say um and then tomorrow I'll? 299: Eat breakfast. Interviewer: Okay and um the thing what do people drink for breakfast? 299: Coffee Interviewer: Okay 299: or orange juice. Interviewer: How do you prepare coffee? You say you are going to what to the coffee? 299: Brew some coffee or Interviewer: Okay 299: make some coffee I just say I'm gonna make some coffee or some people say boil some coffee or perc some coffee. Interviewer: Okay and um say if you were real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a? 299: Glass of water Interviewer: Okay and you say the glass fell off the sink and? 299: Broke Interviewer: And you say um so you say somebody has #1 what? # 299: #2 Broke # Interviewer: Huh? 299: Broke Interviewer: Okay and um you say that I didn't mean to? 299: Break it Interviewer: Okay and um say you say I was real thirsty and I what a lot of? 299: Drunk Interviewer: Huh? 299: I drunk a lot of water. Interviewer: Okay and you might ask how much have you? 299: Drunk {NW} Interviewer: Okay and you say we certainly do? 299: Drank Interviewer: Okay and um when dinner's on the table and the family is standing around the table you know um what do you say to them? 299: Sit down Interviewer: Okay and is that the same thing you'd say if you had company? 299: Sit have a seat Interviewer: Okay and you say someone comes into the dining room and and you ask them won't you? 299: Sit down Interviewer: Okay so you say so then he what down? Then he 299: I'd say he sat down. Interviewer: Okay and you say nobody was standing because everybody had already what down? 299: Sat down Interviewer: Okay and say if you wanted someone not to wait until the potatoes were passed over to 'em you'd tell them to go ahead and? 299: Eat Interviewer: Or go ahead and what? 299: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay and so you say so then he went ahead and? 299: Ate I guess. Interviewer: Or what yourself? 299: Helped himself Interviewer: Okay and um you say I asked him to pass them over to me since he had already? 299: Helped helped himself. Interviewer: Well okay at that where the neighbors of yours would have said hoped? 299: Yeah that- that's right {NW} that's what I was thinking {NW} um Interviewer: Um say someone offered you food and you decided you don't want it you tell them no thanks I don't? 299: Care for any. Interviewer: Okay and you say if food's been cooked in certain {NW} 299: What in what she's asking? Interviewer: If food's been cooked and served a second time you'd say that it's been? 299: Uh leftover or warmed over. Interviewer: Okay and um you say you have you ever heard of head over? {D: Or het?} 299: Yeah I've heard of it but I I don't use it myself but yes I've heard it. Interviewer: Who who said that? Is that what your grandparents said or? 299: Really and all mine didn't that I knew I mean my grandmother that I real familiar with she doesn't say it I really don't know but I have heard older folks say it. But I've also heard uh a little girl at told somebody said come over and have suppers with us, we gonna have warm-ups. {NW} Interviewer: Warm-ups? 299: Warm-ups and I thought that was the cutest thing warm-ups. Interviewer: I've never heard that. 299: It sounded like you going out for ball practice or something you know. Interviewer: Um you say you put food out Interviewer: Um when you saying you put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 299: Chew it I say. Interviewer: Okay and um something that you make out of cornmeal that sort of um you just take cornmeal and water maybe and 299: Mush we called it. Interviewer: Okay and um what do you call peas and beats and so fourth that you grow? 299: Vegetables you mean. Interviewer: Okay do you have a different name depending on if you grew 'em yourself or if you bought 'em? 299: Well I'd say uh some people home grown or store bought. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um the place that where'd you grow vegetables? You'd call that your? 299: Garden Interviewer: Okay and um something that I don't know if if you have it around here that much or not but that the South is sort of famous for if you have a food that maybe you'd have for breakfast in the morning? 299: Um oh uh you mean uh grits. {overlaid} Corn grits or something uh huh. Interviewer: Do you have those? 299: No we don't. I've heard people talk about 'em they say in the southern resturants that you they do have them on the menu a lot. Interviewer: Yeah 299: But we just don't ever actually ate 'em. Interviewer: Yeah what about something that {NW} say you take whole grains of corn and um #1 you'd leave # 299: #2 Hom # Hominy mother's made that. Interviewer: You remember how she'd make it? 299: Uh yes I think you take the corn just the regular ol' dry corn on the cob and shell it. And then you uh soak it in lye water. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: And uh I don't even know how long you soak it or if you when you actually boil it and all this. But then it'll actually hu- you know you'll get the husk off of it. And um somewhere along the line you cook it or soak it or do something to it but I know somewhere you soak it in lye water to actually get the husk off of it. Interviewer: Mhmm um what about something that it's made from the inside of a grain and is white and um well you wouldn't grow it around here cause it takes a lot of water to grow. 299: Rice Interviewer: Okay and um what about say non tax paid liquior? 299: Moonshine {NW} bootleg {NW} Interviewer: Have you heard of people around here have moonshine? {NW} 299: I I've heard of it Interviewer: Hm? 299: I've heard of it. Interviewer: What about um beer have you ever heard of? {overlaid} 299: Uh homemade beer? Interviewer: Uh huh 299: Now I've heard of people making um uh more in the line of wine and I don't know or this um they called it um is it rice they use rice too. Someone in {D: Erin} was talking about making some. Is it soddy or soggy or? Interviewer: Yeah 299: Something I don't know exactly what it is but it's more in the line of a wine or uh something they made. But I'm not too familiar on it. Interviewer: Yeah What about that moonshine? Have you heard any other names for it besides moonshine? 299: Just moonshine and and bootleg and uh white lightning. Interviewer: {NW} That's it. 299: I guess that's all. Interviewer: Yeah Okay um say if something was cooking and it made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just? 299: Smell Interviewer: Huh? 299: Smell Interviewer: Okay and um you say you crush cane and boil the juice and make 299: sovereign molasses is what we made. Interviewer: Okay um what about something similar to that? 299: What do you mean sugar cane or something? Interviewer: Maybe not as as thick as molasses. 299: You don't mean the skimmings from from the molasses do you or? Interviewer: What'd you do with the skimmings? 299: Well they ususally throw them away it- it was just the foam skimmed off the top but it was eatable but uh I think they threw 'em away though. Interviewer: #1 What about # 299: #2 Maybe maple syrup # I don't know we I never I'm not familiar with that. Interviewer: Yeah 299: People used to make maple syrup. Interviewer: What kind of trees would they? 299: From the maple I I suppose but I'm not I don't know anything about that I've never seen that done. Interviewer: Yeah um what what would you say is the difference between molasses and syrup? You say molasses? 299: Really I don't see that there's any difference we just always said uh sovereign molasses. And uh we referred to syrup as something you buy. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah um say if you had a a belt made out of cow hide. It'd say something have something on there that to tell you that it it was made out of cow hide and nothing else it's say? 299: Genuine Interviewer: Huh? 299: Genuine Interviewer: Okay and um say when sugar was weighed out of a barrel you'd say that it was sold how? 299: In the bulk Interviewer: Okay do you remember that much? Or is that? 299: Uh kinda yeah my the- my grandad had the grocery store and I think it was in a barrel then. And most most of the things seem like it was in barrels the salt and and actually the vinegar was in the barrel. Interviewer: What about crackers? Did that? 299: No uh I don't remember them in a barrel I've heard of Cracker Barrel but I don't believe I've ever seen 'em in a barrel myself. Interviewer: What um where might you have a a sweet spread that you might put on toast or something? 299: Well do you mean syrup? Interviewer: Okay what about something made out of fruit? Maybe apples or you know you 299: Jelly Interviewer: Hm? 299: jelly Interviewer: Okay and um what might you have on the table to season your food with? 299: You mean salt or pepper. Interviewer: Okay and um say if there was a bowl of apples on the table and a child wanted one he'd say? 299: Give me an apple. Interviewer: Okay and huh? 299: I probably wouldn't say an apple. I'd just say give me a apple. {NW} Interviewer: Okay um say um say he it wasn't it wasn't these boys it must've been one of? 299: uh them {NW} Interviewer: Okay you'd say one of them boys or? 299: I prob- probably would really most of the time I I catch myself saying them them boys or them them girls. Interviewer: Okay and you say he doesn't he doesn't live here he lives? 299: Over there Interviewer: Okay what about if it's a little farther away? 299: Over yonder Interviewer: Okay and um you might tell someone not do it that way do it? 299: This way Interviewer: Okay and um you say if you don't have any money at all you say you're not rich you're? 299: Poor Interviewer: Okay and um say if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach? 299: Orchard Interviewer: Okay {NW} and um say if um say you might ask someone it that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just neighboring he'd point to someone else and he'd say he's the man? 299: That has the orchard or owns the orchard. Interviewer: And um you say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child? 299: That was rich. Interviewer: Okay well you talking about his his father being rich you'd say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child? 299: His daddy was rich. Interviewer: Okay um and the inside of the cherry the part that you don't eat you'd call the? 299: Seed Interviewer: Okay what about on a peach? 299: Peach seed Interviewer: Okay you know a peach has a say you take the seed and then you open that and there's this smooth little thing inside? 299: Uh I'm I'm not sure what it is. Interviewer: Do you know what I'm talking refering to? 299: The pulp or Interviewer: No you know that say if you if you cracked open the seed 299: Yeah Interviewer: that little 299: center. Interviewer: Yeah 299: But I don't know what you'd call it Interviewer: Okay um and you know the kind of peach that is real easy to get off the seed? 299: Frees- would it be a free stone? Interviewer: Okay and what about the other kind? 299: Wouldn't be the cling would it? Cling peach Interviewer: Okay um have you heard any other names for those or? 299: Uh no I haven't. Interviewer: Okay um and the part of an apple that you don't eat? 299: The core Interviewer: Okay and say if you cut up apples and dry them you say you're making? 299: Dried apples Interviewer: Okay I don't guess you've heard them called snitz? 299: No I haven't Interviewer: I think it's sort of a German 299: Uh huh I haven't Interviewer: Um what kind of nuts do you have? 299: We just have uh hickory nuts or walnuts. Or hazelnuts or {D: magbeach} nuts. Interviewer: Okay and you know the walnut you have two coverings on it? 299: Yeah the hull and the shell. Interviewer: Okay and then inside the the shell you have the? 299: The kernel we call it. Interviewer: Okay um what about a kind of nut that that grows in the ground? I grows in Georgia a lot you know down there. It's real common. 299: I don't know. Interviewer: Say if if you were going to go to the store and buy some nuts you know just planters or some brand you know this what um? 299: Peanuts yeah Interviewer: Okay 299: Well I'd forgot all about those {NW} that's right peanut. Interviewer: Have you ever heard another name for peanuts? 299: Don't they call them goobers. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um the kind of nut that uh you might use in cookies? 299: Oh {NW} pecans or english walnuts or something. Interviewer: What about a kind of nut that's um it's long and sorta shaped like your eye? 299: Brazil Brazil nuts or Interviewer: Okay any other kind? You ever heard of alemond or almond? 299: Oh yeah yeah Interviewer: What's that? 299: Well in fact the the candy bars the almond joy has the has that almond in there. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: So yeah I have. Interviewer: Okay and um the kind of fruit about the size of an apple? 299: You mean like a peach or a pear or a orange? Interviewer: Okay say if if you had a bowl of of oranges one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are? 299: All gone Interviewer: Okay and um what what things do you have planted in your garden? 299: What things do I have planted in the garden? Well I have potatoes cucumbers corn and peas. And uh tomatoes. Interviewer: What um you said corn what kind of um what do you call the corn that's tender enough to eat just off the cobb? 299: Roast roasting ears #1 we called it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # and um the tomatoes you know those those kind that um don't ever get any bigger than this? 299: Salad tomatoes Interviewer: Okay um and what what things might you have planted that that grow in the ground I mean under? 299: Well irish potatoes do and sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Is there any other name for sweet potatoes? 299: Oh yams I think maybe. That's all I know. Interviewer: Do you use that word much around here? 299: No you don't in fact I didn't know what there might be a little bit of difference in uh {NW} you know in a grocery store you see candied yams in the can but I don't know if they are actually um the same sweet potatoes that we have or not. But we always say sweet potato. Interviewer: Yeah what else do you have? 299: Under that grows under the ground? {C: tape overlaid} Well of course carrots and beets onions would. Interviewer: What's that? 299: Onions Interviewer: What about the kind of onions that um that well they're not fully developed I guess you know what I mean? 299: Oh well the- I run into that this year you either get onions sets or you get onion slips. Interviewer: What's the difference? 299: Well the onion sets are actually the little onion that you just the little head of onion and you it completely dies and sprouts out a new onion. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: But uh or anyway the onion grows from it it doesn't have the little slip but now the little onion slips have already have the little green blade onion blade on it. And you set them out more like a little plant. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: And by the way all my plants die. {NW} The sets are better really. Interviewer: With all the bad weather? 299: Mm-hmm You turned off the dryer or something afterwards and then if it rains much before and it just they- it was late in the year and um they're so much smaller see they're just like a st- they're just about as big as a string. They're so small. The little onion sets see the little bulb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What um when the onions get a little bigger and you um but they're still young onions and you you pull them up and just eat 'em you know clean 'em and eat. 299: Green onions Interviewer: Huh? 299: Well just green onions. Interviewer: Okay and um what about the little red thing that grows in the ground? #1 Is # 299: #2 the # beets you mean? Interviewer: Yeah something um what about something red that is white on the inside? 299: Radishes Interviewer: Okay and um the a green well it's green and long it's and grows up I think in bunches sort of. 299: You don't mean uh lettuce or spinach or kale or? Interviewer: How how's how would you refer to to lettuce? You'd say? 299: Lettuce Interviewer: Yeah you had a couple of what? 299: Heads of lettuce Interviewer: Hm? 299: Heads of lettuce or bunch of lettuce. Interviewer: Okay and um what about something similar to to lettuce? 299: Mustard Interviewer: Okay say a if you cooked if you cooked mustards you'd say you had a? 299: Oh well you mean a mess of mustard. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah 299: Mess of mustard I guess. Interviewer: What about turnips? How would you refer to that? 299: A mess of turnips. Interviewer: Would you use another word I mean you say it? 299: Um you I mean uh just a pot of turnips or? Interviewer: Yeah I mean when you talk about turnip what? 299: Greens Interviewer: Yeah do you use the word greens? Say a mess of greens or? 299: I don't ever I always say turnip greens. Or either turnip salad you know we always salad you know that's what we refer to a lot is salad. But I never said just greens I never have. Interviewer: Do you ever say just salad? 299: Uh-huh I do. I said we had salad for dinner. Interviewer: What you mean to referring to the turnip? 299: I'm returning um referring to the turnip salad or the turnip greens. I'm not referring to a green cut salad. Interviewer: Yeah 299: I I'm talking about cause usually in this section of the country people talk about turnip salad. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: And lots of times they'll just say I had salad for dinner or I cooked salad today. Interviewer: What other um greens do you have besides the turnip you'd talk about mustard salad? Or mustard greens? 299: No it it wouldn't always be uh except uh uh poke salad now have you ever been familiar with that? Interviewer: I've never had it. 299: Well yeah when this section and I cook that a lot poke salad and- and that's what we call it poke salad. Interviewer: Okay what um then what what about something that you take and and um maybe chop up and dust with cornmeal or something you know and fry it? 299: Well uh you mean like okra? Interviewer: Mhmm 299: Fried okra or fried green tomatoes we'd do that. Interviewer: You'd fry the green tomatoes? 299: Uh huh you'd take uh just green tomatoes and slice 'em in slices Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: and uh and then you'd just roll it in the meal and fry 'em just in those slices or you can even do squash the same way. It's pretty good. Interviewer: Yeah what about um kinds of beans? 299: Like green beans or Interviewer: When you say green beans what what are you referring to? 299: Well you're referring to these uh the kind you actually break these string beans or that you actually break 'em up. And then of course there's butter beans or butter beans which is the same as lima beans I guess. And uh or these green beans we were talking about breaking you can let them grow longer and call them shelly beans where you shell 'em. And I guess that's all the beans. Interviewer: Are there um different names for different kinds of of these green beans. 299: Uh-huh it is there's uh there's Kentucky wonder or there's corn field {X} Or there's uh there's different oh uh names for 'em and they're actually a different uh they have a different uh shape to them a different look of a bean. Like say um Kentucky wonder bean is a flat long flat green bean. Where a cornfield bean is a little long narrow round bean. Which you break them up and cook 'em the same. Interviewer: Um say you'd you'd refer to to lettuce as being you know heads of lettuce would you ever refer to so many heads of children? Even jokingly would you? 299: I've never heard anybody say that. Interviewer: What would someone say he had about fourteen children would you ever say say he had a what of children? 299: Gang of kids Interviewer: Okay you ever say passel? 299: Yeah passel of kids I've heard people say that. Interviewer: How else do you use that word passel? Or do you use it much? 299: No I don't I don't hear it much. Interviewer: Okay um and say you might say well say if you took a say a skin the skin of a dried apple you'd say it was all what? 299: Swiveled Interviewer: Okay and um talking about corn the the outside of the ear of corn? 299: The shuck Interviewer: Okay and the thing that that you have to take off 299: The silk Interviewer: Okay and the the thing that grows at the talk of the corn stalk ? 299: The tassel. Interviewer: Okay and um a large round thing that you might make a pie out of it? 299: Pump- Interviewer: Huh? 299: Pumpkin is what we say. Interviewer: Okay 299: It's pumpkin really but we say pumpkin. Interviewer: Okay and uh what kind of melons do you have around here? 299: Watermelon and uh we say mushmelon but I think it's muskmelon and we say mushmelon. Which is the same thing as cantelope. Interviewer: It's exactly the same thing? 299: Well I'm not sure that they're exactly but uh sometimes I think we're we refer to the same thing as. There maybe a difference that I don't know. But we call 'em mushmelon most of the time. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: Or then watermelon. Interviewer: Are there different kind of watermelons that you talk about? 299: I think there really is I think there's a they're different there was that real round green one or there's that those long that has some white striped looking things on them. I think there's different types of watermelon just like there's different types of even there's different types of cucumbers. Interviewer: There is? 299: When you go to the store to buy your cucumber seed you don't realize all this until you start buying seed. Especially the long green or the are the different they just got different names and sure enough when you plant 'em some of them will be real long green ones. And sometimes they'll be more of a white color. Interviewer: Yeah 299: They're just a different. Interviewer: There one kind is especially good for pickiling or? 299: I think so I think that they recommend see I don't know I'm not too {C: loud banging} uh familiar with this and just I haven't been having a garden but several years now myself. Interviewer: Yeah 299: And I didn't realize there was so many differences in all the seed. Even your okra there's dwarf okra and there's white okra and there's all different kinds of okra. And you don't realize that until you go buy seed and uh it- it'll make all the difference in the world what kind of okra you have I guess. Interviewer: Watch us never decide. 299: You can't w- when you actually go to buy it you know cause you don't expect all this you know you think oh I'm going to get cucumber seed well there's the long green or the uh the something else something else something else. Interviewer: Yeah just get a little bit of everything. {NW} Um what about something that little umbrella shaped thing that might spring up in the woods and fields after it rains? 299: Well mushrooms or toad stools or Interviewer: Okay they the same thing? 299: Uh as far as I'm concerned they are. Interviewer: Yeah um say if a man had real bad sore throat or something you say well he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't? 299: Swallow Interviewer: Okay and um the thing that people smoke made out of tobacco? 299: Cigarette Interviewer: Okay what else? 299: Cigar Interviewer: Okay and um say if someone offered to do you a favor but you didn't wanna accept it because then you'd you'd feel like you you owed them something you'd say? Um well no thanks I don't want to be what? {X} 299: Obligated to you or in debt to you or? Interviewer: Okay would you ever say beholden? 299: Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: Okay and um say someone asked you about doing a certain job you'd say sure I'd do it sure I'd? 299: I can do it. Interviewer: Okay and uh if they if you're not able to you might say well I'd like to but I just? 299: Ain't able Interviewer: Okay and um say if it is a real bad accident um up the road and you'd say that there's there's no need to call a doctor because by the time we got there the person was? {NS} 299: Dead Interviewer: Okay or was what dead was? 299: Already dead Interviewer: Okay would you ever say was done dead? 299: Yeah that sounds just like me I I'd really do say done dead. Interviewer: {NW} Okay 299: And I say I've already done it. Interviewer: Yeah 299: You know things like that- I've done done it I mean I've done done it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um you say in a dangerous situation a person what to be careful a person? 299: Ought to be careful Interviewer: Okay and um you say um say if a boy got a whipping you say well I bet he did something he? 299: Shouldn't of done. Interviewer: Okay but for using that word ought #1 I bet he did # 299: #2 oughtn't of done # Interviewer: Huh? 299: He oughtn't of done. Interviewer: Okay and um you might say well I'll I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you? 299: You're scared. Interviewer: Okay {NW} or using the word dare? Would you say I bet you? 299: Wouldn't dare. Interviewer: Okay would you say dassent or darent or? 299: I don't Interviewer: Have you ever heard any of those? 299: I couldn't really tell you any incident that I have I mean it sounds familiar but I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah um and say someone was kept asking you to do something that that you just weren't gonna do you might say? Well no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just? 299: Ain't gonna do it. Interviewer: Okay and um say if you had done some real hard work all by yourself and all the time you were working a friend of yours was just standing around watching you work. When you get through you might go up to them and say you know instead of just standing there you? 299: Could help me. Interviewer: Or you might? 299: Might help me. Interviewer: Okay um and um talk about kinds of animals now the the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 299: Oh the bat. Interviewer: Okay what else? 299: The owl I believe. Interviewer: Okay are there different kinds of owls? 299: Well there's a hoot owl and a that's all I know. Interviewer: What bout that real little? 299: Screech owl they call 'em. Interviewer: Huh? 299: Screech owl Interviewer: Okay and um what about the kind of bird that that drills holes in a tree do you know? 299: Uh well woodpecker or peckerwood. {NW} Half the time we say peckerwood but it's a woodpecker I guess. Interviewer: Do you ever heard of even that word peckerwood to refer to people? 299: Yeah I've heard {X} say you peckerwood. Interviewer: What does it mean is it insulting or just teasing? 299: Teasing I'd say. Interviewer: Okay and have you ever heard any other name for peckerwood? Besides woodpecker or peckerwood. Have you ever heard wood wood chuck or or wood hen or anything like that? Or you know the 299: Wood chuck is a ground hog yeah I've heard of a wood chuck. In the in the wood Interviewer: Yeah 299: Wood chuck is a animal. Interviewer: You've never heard that what about um the the peckerwood or woodpecker that's about that's that's pretty big the about the well you know the there's one sort of unusually large woodpecker. 299: The red headed woodpecker Interviewer: Uh huh if you I don't guess you've ever heard of shirt tail or 299: Uh uh Interviewer: any 299: No I haven't Interviewer: Okay um and what about the that black and white animal that's got a real strong smell? 299: Skunk or polecat yeah polecat and lot of times you call people polecats. {NW} Interviewer: Oh really? 299: Yeah or skunks or Interviewer: What does it mean when you call a person a polecat? 299: Oh they're kind of sneaky or not a very good name when you call 'em a polecat. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 299: Slammed the door that the quarters on 'em {NW} Interviewer: What about um kinds of animals that have been coming and getting your your hens? You didn't know exactly what kind they were well there's possum or skunk or just what with you might say I'm gonna get me a gun that and kill those? 299: Varmints Interviewer: Okay what is what does varmint mean 299: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 to you? # I mean what 299: It's something that's not good that's aggravating mean. Interviewer: Would you say a rat or mouse? Other speaker: You mean you've been to college and don't know what varmint is? {NW} 299: We've got our {C: laughing} recorders on Interviewer: That's okay. {NW} Would you picture a a rat or a mouse as being a varmint? 299: Not really I wouldn't think of it as such. Interviewer: You think of it sort of 299: I think of it more of a of something like you say it does get in your chickens or Interviewer: Yeah 299: or something like that. Interviewer: Okay um and what about a a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 299: Squirrel Interviewer: Okay what different kinds of squirrels? 299: Well there's the gray squirrel and there's the red squirrel I think and there's a ground squirrel Interviewer: #1 What's the ground? # 299: #2 or we call 'em flying squirrel. # Interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # Interviewer: The ground squirrel's the same as the flying squirrel? 299: Well that's what I would call 'em and I don't actually know they even actually the flying squirrel actually has skin running from the his which would be his front legs it has skin that makes it look like a wing. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: And I think he actually can almost jump from tree to from the tree to the house or just anywhere. Interviewer: And that's the same as the ground squirrel? 299: I really don't know for sure. They look a little alike Interviewer: Mhmm 299: but eh I've always thought of them as the same thing. Interviewer: Yeah what sort of fish do you get around here? 299: You mean like the bass or the or the catfish and I'm I'm not familiar with fish much. Perch. Interviewer: yeah 299: But fishing is one thing I don't know anything about. Interviewer: Say if if you were gonna go fishing what what would you you put on your your hook when you go fishing? 299: A worm or bait. Interviewer: Huh? 299: Worm or a bait fishing bait. Interviewer: Okay um when you say bait do you refer to worms or? 299: Or it could be just it could even be a a bread or dough #1 or anything # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 299: I guess I've heard of people fishing with biscuit dough. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of different types of worms being used? 299: Mm-hmm these little these long red worms and then uh I think they use these what we call brug worms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm those little white? 299: Uh-huh, the little bit short white worms. And I don't know what else. Interviewer: What about a kind of fish used for bait? 299: Minnows Interviewer: Okay and um the thing that perals grow in? 299: Oysters Interviewer: Okay and um something that that grows in well doesn't grow lives in the um in the ocean or gulf that the little sea animal that it's got a real thin sort of transparent shell to it and um well you know you could and you sort of peel it off and uh 299: Oh shrimp or clam or Interviewer: Say say if you wanted to buy some you'd ask for a couple pounds of? 299: Shrimp Interviewer: Okay and um what about something that you might find in the in a stream say if you lifted up a rock or something its got little claws? 299: Crawfish Interviewer: Okay and um something that you might um hear making a noise around the lake at night? 299: Well uh bull frogs or uh well uh bull frogs. Interviewer: Okay what about the smaller kind? 299: Well these little tree frogs you hear them in the trees at night. Interviewer: Okay and um the thing that that hops around on land? 299: A toad we call 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um the hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell? 299: Oh well a terrapin or a turtle. Interviewer: What's the difference? 299: Well uh to me a terrapin is these little tiny {NS} kind and a turtle is a great big Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: mm Interviewer: Where? 299: Terrapin's may be found sorta on dry land or in the woods or anywhere turtles are usually found around ponds and lakes and things I know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um the kind of insect that might be flying around the light say a if you left a porch light on? 299: Candle flies I call it. Interviewer: Okay and um something that would get in your clothes wool clothes? 299: Moths Interviewer: Huh? 299: Moths Interviewer: Okay and um talking about just just one of these you talk about a? 299: Moth Interviewer: Okay and um something that flies around its got a little light in its tail? 299: Uh lightning bug Interviewer: Okay and um any other name for him? 299: Well I think they call 'em fireflies down south. Interviewer: Okay but around here you'd say? 299: Lightning bug Interviewer: Okay and um the insect that that you might see around the well around damp places usually a lake or some place that its got two pairs of wings to it? 299: Uh we call 'em snake doctors. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard any stories about them that I mean that? 299: They always claim that uh wherever you see them there're snakes around. I mean there's and the snakes it I've always as a child I thought they really doctored the snakes #1 if if # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 299: a snake was hurt or anything that they actually doctored 'em. Interviewer: Huh 299: But that's just something I assumed or heard. Interviewer: You think this you think that's true that? 299: No Interviewer: Not that they doctored 'em but that that they're a sign that snakes are near? 299: I I don't really think so but I still have that feeling. {NW} No I don't really think so. Interviewer: What kind of insects will sting you? 299: Oh wasp or bumble bees or sweat bees or honey bees or I guess that's all I #1 can think of. # Interviewer: #2 What about something that has a # nest sort of on the ground? 299: Hornets Interviewer: Okay 299: Or Interviewer: What's what's their nest like? 299: Or these uh yellow jackets. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: Hornets so they usually hang from a bush. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: Just in a sorta in a mm sorta in a hive looking thing. Interviewer: What about um those those things that you might find a nest hanging from a barn #1 you call those? # 299: #2 Oh # Interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # those uh dirt dauber nests or uh Interviewer: Uh huh 299: dirt daubers. Interviewer: What's is that made out of? 299: It's made out of dirt. Interviewer: Uh huh what about and something um uh I think that you just mentioned um that well just bigger thing not a hornet but uh? 299: A yellow jacket Interviewer: Uh huh something um what about something that's well it it builds sort of a nest type thing hanging down from some place. 299: You're not talking about a wasp? Interviewer: Yeah you'd you'd talk about several? #1 Say there's # 299: #2 wasps # Interviewer: Huh? 299: Wasps Interviewer: Okay and um do dirt daubers sting you? 299: I've never had one to tell you as far as I know. I don't think they would. Interviewer: Okay what about something that that'll fly around at night and bite you? And they make you itch. Kinda like sting you 299: Oh gnats gnats bother you at night. Interviewer: What if like that? 299: Oh mosquitoes is it what? Interviewer: Yeah and something that might get in your skin if you went like 299: Chiggers chiggers chiggers Interviewer: Okay and um an insect that hops around in the grass? 299: Grasshopper Interviewer: Have you ever heard those called hoppergrass? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay and um say if you haven't cleaned uh {NW} a room in awhile up in the ceiling you might find a #1 what? # 299: #2 uh # spiders or a Interviewer: Okay but the thing that would be stretched across the? 299: Spiderweb Interviewer: Okay would this and something like that that would be outside maybe over a bush? 299: Well it'd be spiderwebs out there too. Interviewer: Okay um would you any other names for it if it's in the house? Like say if it doesn't have a spider? 299: Cobweb maybe Interviewer: Okay is that would but would you refer to what do you mean by cobweb I mean is that? 299: It's actually a spider's nest I mean a ne- a spider web Interviewer: Uh huh does it have a spider in it? 299: It doesn't always but it's usually he's usually the one that makes it a- Interviewer: Yeah would you talk about the thing outside being a cobweb? 299: I don't know if you would or not I don't know. Interviewer: Okay and the part of the tree that grows underneath the ground? Those are called? 299: The root the root Interviewer: Okay and did you ever hear of any kinds of roots or vines being used for medicine? 299: Uh huh herb herbs or Interviewer: Do you remember what name some of them were? 299: Uh well sassafras is the makes sassfras tea out of it it's supposed to be good just for your blood I guess. And uh I think uh ginseng is sold for medicine and uh and uh may apple root. Interviewer: What's may apple? 299: Well you know they grow out in the woods and they got like a little umbrella and they have a little white bloom on 'em underneath that little umbrella and the root uh people sell it I think. Interviewer: Do you know what it's used for? 299: No I don't just a medicine I think or a herb. Just sorta like uh ginseng or something like that. But I don't really know you know just what. Interviewer: Yeah um what are some of the trees that you have around here? 299: Well we have a hickory walnut uh sycamore and uh {NW} maple oak {NS} {X} that's about all that I can think of {NS} right now. Interviewer: What what do you call the the kind of maple that you you tap for syrup? 299: Sugar maple I believe. Interviewer: Okay and what if you had a group of these growing together? What would you call that? 299: It would be a grove maple grove. Interviewer: Okay and uh the kind of tree that George Washington {NW} #1 The kind of tree # 299: #2 Cherry # tree. Interviewer: What? 299: Cherry Interviewer: Okay and um this is kind of a shrub or bush that its got um I'm not sure exactly how to describe it. Its leaves turn bright red in the fall and its got a little its got clusters of berries on it. And its little thing at the top sorta 299: You mean a holly? Interviewer: No if the leaves turn red in the fall and it it just has a little bushy top to it. You might find it growing on a hillside or growing near a fence or something like that. Just some of the what are some of the the bushes or shrubs that just grow 299: You're not talking about your pope pope berries are you or? Interviewer: Okay what 299: Sumac Interviewer: Oh the what? 299: Sumac Interviewer: Okay that's different from the pope? 299: I think it is but I think it's the sumac or something that has berries on it. Interviewer: Yeah is that um what kind of bushes or or vines will make your skin break out if you touch 'em? 299: Oh poison oak Interviewer: Okay anything else? 299: Well they call it poison ivy too I mean it's the same thing isn't? Interviewer: What what does it look like? 299: It's got uh three leaves Interviewer: Uh huh 299: three it's a three leaf thing. Interviewer: Is this the poison oak or poison ivy or they? 299: It's the same I call it. I call them the same thing I don't really know if there's a difference or not. Interviewer: Okay and um kind of berries that that you have around here? 299: Uh you mean {NW} what type of berries you mean like black berries? Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 299: Uh blackberries is the main thing that I know of. Interviewer: Uh huh what about something that is even more like um grown in a garden what kind of berries? 299: Strawberries Interviewer: Okay and the kind of um berries that that have rough surfaces? Some of 'em are red and some are black. 299: You're not talking about raspberries or? Interviewer: Okay um have you ever heard any special names for these? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay and what about say if you were walking in the woods or something and you saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those they might be? 299: Poison Interviewer: Okay and um {NW} what about a a tall bush that it has clusters of {NW} clusters of pink and white flowers on it? And it blooms in late spring. 299: I don't know. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of of laurel or mountain laurel? 299: Oh we don't have that here I don't believe. I've heard of it I mean only in books and things but I don't believe we've got it. Interviewer: Yeah you ever heard of rhodo rhododendron? 299: I've heard of it up in the mountains it's more up in east Tennessee or something but not here I don't believe. Interviewer: Okay um and a large flowering tree thats got shiny green leaves to it and these big white flowers? 299: Magnolia I call it. Interviewer: Okay is that have you ever heard of cowcumber or cucumber tree? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay um and say if uh say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask? 299: My husband Interviewer: Okay any other ways she might refer to him? Maybe joking ways or anything. 299: The old man. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um he would say I have to ask? 299: My wife or the the boss. {NW} Interviewer: OKay and um a woman who's lost her husband is called a? 299: Widow Interviewer: Okay and if he just left her then she'd be a? 299: Divorcee Interviewer: Okay any other name? 299: {NW} Grass widow Interviewer: Okay and um the man whose child you are is called your? 299: Father or daddy Interviewer: Okay and um what did you call him ususally? 299: Daddy usually Interviewer: Any thing else people would? 299: Papa or pappy or {NW} Interviewer: Okay #1 and uh # 299: #2 Pa # Interviewer: Huh? 299: Or pa Interviewer: Okay and his wife would be called your? 299: Mother or mama Interviewer: Okay and um together they'd be your? 299: Parents Interviewer: Okay and um your fathers father was your? 299: Grandfather Interviewer: Okay #1 what would # 299: #2 or grandaddy # Interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # Interviewer: What did people call him? 299: You mean? Interviewer: What names do people have for their grandfather? 299: Like grand daddy or grandfather or big daddy or Interviewer: Okay um and his wife would be your? 299: Grandmother grand mama grandma Interviewer: Okay you ever heard big mama? 299: Yeah big mama yeah a lot of 'em do that call 'em that. Interviewer: Who says that is the meaning special? 299: I can't think of anybody special but I've heard say big mama a lot. Interviewer: Yeah um you'd say I was the youngest of five? 299: Kids Interviewer: Okay any other? 299: Children Interviewer: Okay and um something on wheels that you can put a baby in it it'll lie down? 299: You mean like a a buggy or uh carriage. Interviewer: Okay are they they have that hood over 299: Uh huh Interviewer: sorta thing? 299: Uh huh Interviewer: Is buggy and carriages the same thing? 299: I think so. Interviewer: Okay say um you you put the baby in the buggy and then you go out and what the baby? 299: Uh some people call it take 'em strolling or something but I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um and you say you might have a son or a? 299: Daughter Interviewer: Okay or a boy and a? 299: Girl Interviewer: Okay and a woman was gonna have a child you'd say she's? 299: Pregnant or expecting Interviewer: Okay would that was that word pregnant nice to use when you were growing up? 299: Oh no you didn't say pregnant. You didn't even say expecting. You just didn't say. {NW} My grandmother'd say she's {D: that black} {NW} Interviewer: That sounds really funny. 299: {D: Yeah they} Interviewer: Well that's just like her. 299: {NW} They just didn't talk about it usually. {NW} Interviewer: What um {NW} were there any sorta funny expressions you'd ever heard or to refer to a woman being pregnant? Like say she she's swallowed a pumpkin seed or she 299: Yeah I've heard that but all Interviewer: rub her foot or anything? 299: Or she ate too much or something or something like that but I couldn't tell you any special incidents. Interviewer: Say um if you didn't have a a doctor to deliever a baby you might send for this woman? 299: Midwife Interviewer: Okay and um say if a boy has a and his father has the same appearance you know that the boy has the same the same color hair and the same shaped nose and everything you say'd that the boy? 299: Resembles his daddy. Interviewer: Okay what if um what if he doesn't what if he has the same behavior the same mannerisms? 299: So they act just alike. Interviewer: Okay and what say if if um if his father was just sorta no good and and had bad habits you know and as the son got older it looked like the son was was gonna turn out to be the same how would you say that? 299: Like father like son Interviewer: Okay um and um say if a mother's looked after three children until they're all grown up you'd say that she's what three children? 299: She's reared or raised three children. Interviewer: Okay and um say if the child was misbehavin you might tell 'em now if you do that again you're gonna get a? 299: Whooping Interviewer: Okay what is 299: Or whipping really Interviewer: How um if you use different terms to say if you're talking to a say four or five year old kid would you say the same thing that you'd say to a say 299: Or some of it call it a thrashing uh yeah some it's only who's doing the talking usually they would. Interviewer: Well people 299: Spanking really Interviewer: people talk to say a four year old and say give him a thrashing or would you does 299: They usually say give you a spanking. Interviewer: Okay and say what about um say one boy might say to another would 299: Uh you mean like um knock you down or? Interviewer: Yeah would would they say whip you or thrash you or? 299: No they'd say whipping I'm gonna I'm gonna whip you or I'm gonna whoop you or I'm gonna knock you down or. Interviewer: Okay um say if if Bob is five inches taller interviewer: Okay um we was talking about say if Bob was is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob what a lot in one year? 299: Growed a lot interviewer: Okay and you'd you'd tell him you certainly have? 299: Growed I'd say. interviewer: Okay and you say he came up so fast you could almost see him? {C: tape noise} 299: Grow interviewer: Okay and um {NW} what would you call a a child that's born to a woman that's not married? 299: Illegitimate interviewer: Okay any other names? 299: Well I think I've heard people say bastard. {C: laughing} interviewer: Okay 299: But I I don't say that. {C: tape noise} {NW} interviewer: Anything else? {overlaid} 299: I can't think of anything right now. interviewer: You ever heard woods cult or bush child or anything? 299: I don't believe so. interviewer: Okay um and your brother's son would be your? 299: Nephew interviewer: Okay and a child that's lost both parents? {C: tape noise} 299: Is a orphanen. interviewer: Huh? 299: Orphan interviewer: Okay and what if he's he grew up in an institution? 299: An orphan's home interviewer: Okay would you call him orphan house child or any different word like that? 299: No I wouldn't I mean I don't think of anything else myself. interviewer: Okay and um a person appointed to look after the orphan would be called his? 299: Is it foster parent's #1 or gaurdian. # interviewer: #2 Okay # okay and um say if you have a lot of cousins and aunts and uncles and everything living in this town you'd say this town is full of my? 299: Kinfolk interviewer: Okay and um you say well she has the same family name that I do and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no? 299: Kin interviewer: Okay and sombody who comes into town and nobody's ever seen 'em before? 299: Stranger interviewer: Okay any other name? 299: Newcomer {NW} interviewer: Okay what if the person comes from a different country? 299: Foreigner interviewer: Okay would you use that word foreigner does that does foreigner have to come from another country? 299: Not necessarily we sometimes I say foreigner when they just not it from this {C: tape noise} section. interviewer: Okay and um these are some {NW} common um names um the name of the mother of Jesus? 299: Oh Mary interviewer: Okay and George Washington's wife? 299: Mary interviewer: Okay 299: Martha interviewer: Okay or John Mitchell's wife? Um and a nickname for Helen? Starting with a N. Or did you ever hear of the song {NW} wait 'til the sun shine? 299: Nellie interviewer: Okay 299: I didn't realize that was a nickname. {C: tape noise} interviewer: And um {overlaid} a nickname for a boy named William? 299: Bill interviewer: Okay or any anything else? 299: Or Billy interviewer: Okay and um the first book of the New Testament? 299: Matthew interviewer: Okay and a woman who conducts school is called a? 299: Teacher interviewer: Okay any old fashioned names? You ever hear school marm? 299: Well I've heard of that on you know TV programs or something just you know old programs. {overlaid} interviewer: Okay and um this is a a family name it's it's the name of a barrel maker. 299: You mean uh you don't mean undertaker or interviewer: No you ever heard of the um are you familiar with the family with the last name copper or cuper? {C: tape noise} 299: Yeah we call 'em coopers interviewer: Okay and a married woman by that name would be? 299: Ms. Cooper interviewer: Okay and um say a a preacher that's not very well trained in doesn't have a regular pole but just sorta 299: Jackleg interviewer: {NW} Okay what does that word mean to you? {C: tape noise} How do you use it? 299: Well usually they're kinda {C: tape noise} uneducated uh {X} {Overlaid} I don't know just just not a regular preacher maybe. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Yeah how else would you use the word I mean would you talk about jackleg carpenter or? 299: #1 Yeah you would # interviewer: #2 {X} # 299: uh huh jackleg carpenter more than uh more than anything else. {C: tape noise} Jackleg preacher and jackleg carpenter is {C: tape noise} is m- main things I think of. interviewer: Okay you ever hear shade tree? {C: tape noise} 299: Yeah just like the shade trees in the yard? interviewer: Yeah or like shade tree preacher or shade tree mechanic? {overlaid} 299: I think I've heard of shade tree mechanics but I don't believe I've ever hearad of shade tree preacher. interviewer: What did shade tree mechanic {C: tape noise} mean? {C: tape noise} Does it is 299: Well I'd say they kinda lazy. interviewer: Okay and um what relation would my mother's sister be to me? {C: tape noise} 299: Oh your aunt. interviewer: Okay and um the name of the wife of Abraham? {C: tape noise} 299: Sarah interviewer: Okay and um say uh a boy named Bill his full name would be? 299: William interviewer: Okay and if your father had a brother by that name by the full name you call him? 299: Uncle William interviewer: Okay and um Ken President Kennedy's first name was? 299: Jack interviewer: Okay um and the the um last of the four gospels in the Bible? 299: John interviewer: Okay and if your father had a brother by that name he'd be your? 299: Uncle John interviewer: Okay and um the highest rank in the army? 299: Is it sergent or interviewer: Okay 299: Corporal interviewer: Okay what about higher up than that though? Say Robert E Lee was a? 299: Major General interviewer: Okay and um say the the man who would use Kentucky Fried Chicken? {C: tape noise} 299: Colonel Sanders interviewer: And um what do you what do you call a man in charge of a ship? 299: Captain interviewer: Okay do you ever hear the that word used in any other situation? Like um colored people talking to white people that they worked for or something like that? 299: No I never really have. interviewer: Have there been many color people in this area? 299: Well {C: tape noise} I don't think there's any hardly at all down in this section but up uh near Grice's Creek more over on {C: tape noise} {overlaid} uh {C: tape noise} like uh {C: tape noise} not too far from Grice's Creek there's a {C: tape noise} a Keyser Ridge {C: tape noise} and then there's Ellis Mills that's has lots of colored people. And uh {C: tape noise} so all my life see I've been {C: tape noise} uh well pretty close to 'em out in that section but there's none in this section right here. {C: tape noise} interviewer: You think they're be any up there that I could talk to? That were born here and grew up here or? 299: Uh I would think so out on that uh out on that Keyser Ridge I I just believe there might be. {overlaid} And uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} you might check with someone in Erin but you know they might could tell you somebody for sure that {C: tape noise} um you might get in touch with this Francis {Beep} from out on Keyser Ridge. {overlaid} And I imagine she's got a phone in the uh and she's probably got a name in the phone directory. {overlaid} interviewer: Francis {Beep} how do you spell that? {beep} okay 299: And if she if she doesn't have the time for this interview and all she might know somebody that's older that would have time. interviewer: Huh okay I'll try that. Um what different ways of referring to colored people have you heard? 299: Well course round here people say a lot of 'em say niggers. And they say course nig a nig negro a lot of 'em say and I guess I think the proper way is negro isn't? interviewer: Mhmm 299: But then uh and then black. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Is that the like the word black does that sound to you sorta of a more recent? 299: It is yeah it just started recently I don't think uh back uh say when I was growing up or anything I you never heard 'em referred to as black. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} interviewer: What you hear 'em then {x} 299: Darkies you know if people they used to say darkies a lot. Now in in a {C: tape noise} older people say like my grandaddy and people {C: tape noise} uh they they and then uh well uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} oh I don't know what you'd call him he was uh {C: tape noise} kin my grandaddy this man and he would always talk about the darkies over on uh Keyser Ridge. And uh a lot of them worked at his saw mill and uh. So really they called 'em darkies a lot. interviewer: Mhmm 299: But they never I never heard 'em referred to as black. interviewer: Any sort of joking words or {overlaid} that white people would use? 299: Well don'ts seems like I've heard they say what is it jigs or coons I think. interviewer: I've heard that {overlaid} okay you say um but you or me wouldn't be called black we'd be? 299: What now? interviewer: What how would you refer to your own race? 299: White interviewer: Okay any other words for that? 299: Caucasian I believe or interviewer: Okay what about uh someone who's one parent's black and the other parent's white? Would you have a name for that? 299: Mulatto I've heard it or read you know. Or don't they call 'em mulattos or mulattas. {overlaid} {overlaid} You don't call them half breeds {C: tape noise} do ya that's Indians. {NW} I don't know other than that. interviewer: I think I've heard mulatto. {C: tape noise} 299: Uh huh interviewer: Um what about would you know um this would be well you know a long long time ago but um any words that negros would use for white people they worked for? 299: Master I think would have been one of the main things interviewer: Okay anything else? 299: Just maybe mister. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay um and um a person who presides over a county court would be called a? 299: Judge interviewer: Okay and someone who goes to school? 299: Student or pupil interviewer: With what's the difference? Well okay say if you were talking about college what would you say? 299: Student I I think of student as being either high school or college and I think of pupil as being elementary you know. {overlaid} interviewer: Okay {C: tape noise} and um say a man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a? 299: Actress interviewer: Okay and um {NW} say if have some white people who aren't very well off who haven't have a chance at education and so forth but they don't much seem to care you know they just sort of lazy. 299: Well some people call 'em white trash. interviewer: Okay 299: Or poor whites. interviewer: Okay um and what about someone who lives out in the country and doesn't get into town much when he does go into town everybody notices him and? 299: Well like a country hunk or a hillbilly or interviewer: Okay 299: I'm guessing. interviewer: And uh what about {C: tape noise} {overlaid} say are you familiar with any other terms like that? Referring to you know different types of people. 299: Well if uh say a city dude {NW} uh that's what we used to say he's a city dude. But I can't think of anything else. {C: tape noise} interviewer: You ever heard hoosier? 299: No interviewer: Hoosier {overlaid} hoosier 299: No not really I don't think I have. interviewer: Okay um and say if if you were at a party and you looked at your watch and saw it was around eleven thirty or so you say um well we be we'd better be getting home it's what midnight it's? 299: You mean it's nearly midnight or interviewer: Okay would you say something like you know nyon to midnight or pretty near midnight? 299: {overlaid} I say pretty near uh midnight a lot of times but I never say uh near on. interviewer: Okay and um say if you were say if it was icy outside and you were walking and you say well it is really slippery out there I didn't actually fall fall down but a couple of times I like? 299: Like a sled down interviewer: Okay and um say someone was waiting for you to get ready and calls out and asks you if you will be ready soon you might say well I'll be with you in? 299: I'll be ready in a minute. interviewer: Okay or in ju- just? 299: Just a little while interviewer: Okay and um say if you you're going to Nashville or some place and you know you are on the headed in the right direction but you're not sure of the distance you might ask someone how? 299: How far is it? interviewer: Okay and um say if you wanted to know how many times say I went into town you might ask me how? What do you go into town? How? 299: How often do you go to town. interviewer: Okay and um say if um {overlaid} if I offered you a choice of two things and asked you which one you wanted and it didn't make any difference to you might say uh it doesn't matter just give me? 299: Whichever you interviewer: Okay or just give me what one just give me? 299: Either one interviewer: Okay and um this part of my head is called my? 299: Forehead interviewer: Huh? 299: Forehead interviewer: Okay and um this is my? 299: Hair interviewer: Okay and say if a if a man hadn't shaved in awhile he'd be growing a? 299: Beard or whiskers {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and this is my? 299: Ear interviewer: Which one? 299: Your right ear interviewer: Okay and this is? The other one? 299: Left ear interviewer: Okay and this is my? 299: Lips interviewer: Or the whole thing is the? 299: Mouth interviewer: Okay and this? 299: Your neck interviewer: Okay and 299: Uh esophagus interviewer: Okay or just a more common? 299: Throat interviewer: Okay {C: tape noise} what about this thing here? 299: Adam's apple {NW} interviewer: Okay have you ever heard any other word for that? 299: Goozle or {C: tape noise} interviewer: What does that mean goozle? 299: That's really sorta your throat or that {overlaid} interviewer: Which what does it mean? I mean does it mean the throat or the adam's apple or just what? 299: I think of it as just the whole throat you know you say uh that like to of gone down my goozle. {NW} I don't know of anything else. interviewer: Okay and um {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} you say you'd you go to the dentist to have the dentist look at your? 299: Teeth interviewer: Okay and you might say he needs to fill that? 299: Tooth interviewer: Okay and the flesh around your teeth is called the? 299: Gums interviewer: Okay and this part? 299: Palm of your hand interviewer: Okay and um these are my two? 299: Hands interviewer: Okay and this is one? 299: Fist interviewer: Or two? 299: Fist interviewer: Okay and any place where the bones come together is called a? 299: Joint interviewer: Okay and on a man this part is the? 299: Chest interviewer: Okay and these are my? 299: Shoulders interviewer: Okay and um this is the? Well the whole thing? 299: Your leg interviewer: Okay and this is my? 299: You mean your foot. interviewer: Okay and I have two? 299: Feet interviewer: Okay and um this real sensitive bone right here? 299: Uh interviewer: Say maybe you you stumble over a box in the dark and bruise your? 299: Shin is what interviewer: Okay and um say if if I got down in this position you'd say I? 299: Squatted interviewer: Okay any other word for that? {NW} Have you ever heard down on your hunkers or? 299: Yeah I've heard of that uh huh hunker down. interviewer: Does that mean the same thing to you? 299: Yeah interviewer: As squat? 299: Yeah it does. interviewer: Okay {overlaid} but would you say down on your hunkers? 299: You could but I I don't ever {C: tape noise} I usually say squat all the time. interviewer: Okay and um say someone had been sick for awhile you say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit? 299: Peak-ed interviewer: Okay and um say someone who's in in real good shape and can lift heavy weights and so fourth you say that he's? 299: Strong or uh muscle man interviewer: Okay any any other word you might use? Say you say um someone very athletic who's is very 299: Active or interviewer: Okay would you use the word stout? 299: Yeah I would but I just didn't think of it. interviewer: What what does that word mean? Um what do you 299: Strong stout {overlaid} to me stout means strong and I say stout a lot. interviewer: Okay um would you use that word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? {C: tape noise} {overlaid} Say the butter was getting stout? 299: You could and I think I've heard it but I never do really think of it you know. I usually think of that as more of getting rank or something like that {C: tape noise} you know. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Yeah that the word stout at least the way I picture it you know I think stout as being sort of heavy or fat. 299: Mhmm interviewer: Is that what you picture? Or do you picture it meaning the same as stong? 299: I think of the strong when you say stout. interviewer: Okay and um say someone who's real easy to get along with you'd say that that person is very? 299: Easygoing interviewer: Okay any other words? 299: Agreeable or um interviewer: You say clever or admirable or pleasant or? 299: Pleasant but the others don't come to me very interviewer: Yeah what's something would you say those same words about a horse maybe or some other animal? 299: Clever I've heard animals being clever. interviewer: Uh huh but what about meaning that they are easy to get along with? {overlaid} 299: Tame I think of {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay would you say good natured? 299: Good natured yeah. That's a good I mean usually with animals you think of a good natured animal mhmm. interviewer: Okay and um say someone like a teenaged boy that just seems to be all arms and legs you say that he's? 299: Gawky {C: tape noise} interviewer: Huh? 299: Gawky interviewer: Okay any other words? #1 Say if # 299: #2 awkward or # interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # he could be awkward or {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay {overlaid} say someone who just keeps on doing things that just don't make any sense you'd say that that person's just a plain? 299: Idiot interviewer: Okay would you use another word? Do you say the word fool? 299: Well I don't ever {NW} you could. Ya a lot of people do but I'd still never use the word fool. interviewer: Is that {overlaid} is that I mean is that 299: That's another bad word {C: tape noise} {NW} {overlaid} interviewer: The word bull 299: Yeah bull and fool we just didn't get to use those words. {NW} interviewer: Okay um say someone who never has a lot of money but just {C: tape noise} never spends a cent? {C: tape noise} 299: Tight wad interviewer: Okay and um when you use the word common about a person what does it mean? 299: Well uh when we think of common and we use common a lot it means low down. interviewer: Mhmm 299: Uh mean or {C: tape noise} {D: trash} {overlaid} mhmm that's one thing. interviewer: Just sorta like white trash {C: tape noise} 299: Uh huh no good just interviewer: Yeah 299: Uh huh interviewer: When you use it about a girl does it mean any special? 299: Yeah {C: tape noise} it means she's trash no good. interviewer: But does it have more of a sexual meaning or? 299: Yeah it usually would. It means that she's done all there's to do. {NW} interviewer: Okay and um say that you talking about an old person maybe around eighties still does his farm work and you know still gets around real well for his age you'd say say that he's quite? 299: Active or uh I I couldn't think of the word.{C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay what about spry or pert 299: Yeah uh spry. Spry is what I think of um interviewer: Okay but it's would you use that word about children? But does that sound funny? {overlaid} 299: Well yeah spry I would. I don't know is I was ever I I don't usually I I usually say uh {overlaid} oh {overlaid} I said it today that. Well I can't think what I am used to but. Live wire that's what I call kids. interviewer: Live wire? 299: Yeah instead of uh saying they're peppy or interviewer: Yeah and all that I say live wire. {C: tape noise} {NW} I never really heard that so I guess that {C: tape noise} 299: When they are just into everything you know and just interviewer: Yeah 299: never stop they're live wire. {C: tape noise} {NW} interviewer: Okay and say um say your children are {X} usually say well I don't suppose there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little? 299: Worried interviewer: Okay or a little 299: Concerned or interviewer: Okay you say you wouldn't feel easy about it you'd say you felt? 299: Uneasy interviewer: Okay and um you might say well I'm not going upstairs in the dark I'm? 299: Afraid interviewer: Okay and um you know there's say when you use the word afraid do you think of that as being sort of a a temporary thing you know just sudden or do you think of that as being well 299: Well in other words scared interviewer: Yeah 299: means uh scared is when it to me it's sudden. interviewer: Uh huh 299: Afraid it could mean something that {C: tape noise} with you all the time. Uh huh scared to me is something that all the sudden scares you you know. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um you know that song the old gray mare she ain't what she? 299: Used to be interviewer: Okay and um using that expression used to be um you say well I don't understand why she is afraid now she? 299: Didn't used to be. interviewer: Okay and um someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door? #1 You'd say? # 299: #2 Careless # interviewer: Huh? 299: Careless interviewer: Okay and um you say there is nothing really wrong with Aunt Lindy but sometimes she acts kind of? {C: tape noise} 299: Queer or senile or interviewer: Okay {C: tape noise} 299: odd. interviewer: Does that word queer do you what does that mean exactly? {C: tape noise} 299: Well it used to mean anything {C: tape noise} but nowaday {NW} if you are queer you're {C: laughing} that has a sexual meaning now. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay but you remember your your parents {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} use that word or? {C: tape noise} 299: Yeah they use it {C: tape noise} but never never in the sense that it is used today. interviewer: Would you ever back then would you ever use the word as a noun {C: tape noise} would you ever say so and so was a queer? {C: tape noise} Or would you just use it {C: tape noise} 299: No you'd always use it as the interviewer: #1 adjective # 299: #2 adjective uh huh # as a queer person or that queer. interviewer: Okay and um say someone who was real sure of his own ways and {C: tape noise} never wants to change and so there's no use arguing with him you know you tell him? 299: They're hard-headed bull-headed or stubborn or set in their ways. {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: Okay and um somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? You say that he was? {C: tape noise} {overlaid} 299: High tempered interviewer: Okay and um say that there's one subject that you can't really discuss with and you'd say {overlaid} don't mention that to him on on that issue he's still awfully? He'll get mad real easy if you say something he's still awfully what? Would you say touchous or testy or fiesty or 299: I'd say touchous interviewer: Okay 299: but I just didn't think of it. {NS} interviewer: Okay and say you might say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so? 299: Mad interviewer: Okay and um someone who is about to lose his temper you tell him to just? 299: Hold your temper and don't get mad. interviewer: Okay or just keep? 299: Keep cool interviewer: Okay and um say if you'd {overlaid} you'd been working very hard you'd say that you were very? 299: Tired interviewer: Okay any other words? {overlaid} What about if you were very very tired you'd say you were just completely? 299: Wore out interviewer: Okay and um say if a person had been well and all the sudden you heard that the person had a some disease you might ask well well when did she? 299: Get sick interviewer: Okay and um say if if a person had been outside and is was raining and then you came in and started sneezing and coughing and everything you'd say that he had? 299: Uh caught a cold or uh interviewer: Okay and um it if if it affected his voice you'd say that he was? 299: Horse interviewer: Okay and {C: tape noise} {NW} you do that you say you have a? 299: Cough interviewer: Okay and um say if you got someone some medicine and you went in there and the medicine was still just right by his bed you might ask well why haven't you? 299: Took any interviewer: Okay and you might say well I already? 299: Took it interviewer: Okay and you say in another hour or so I'll? 299: Take it interviewer: Okay and somebody who can't hear anything you'd say that they're? 299: Hard of hearing interviewer: Okay or just completely? 299: Deaf {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay did you ever hear deef? 299: Yeah I have. interviewer: Who would say that? 299: I don't know what {C: tape noise} my mother used to say deaf {C: pronunciation} deaf and dumb. {C: pronunciation} {NW} Cause I've heard older people say deaf {C: pronunciation} and dumb. {overlaid} interviewer: Okay say if a if a man had been out in the sun working you know {C: tape noise} he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I? 299: Sweated interviewer: Okay and um a sore that comes to a head? 299: You mean a pimple or a boil. interviewer: Okay um any other what if it's got more than one core to it? Would you call it a boil then? 299: Rising interviewer: Okay you ever hear carbuncle? 299: Yeah I have interviewer: What is that? 299: I think of them being on the back of your neck. {C: tape noise} That's a boil it's a boil or or rising as you call it on the back of your neck it's what I think of. {overlaid} But it could be that it could be other places. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Yeah {overlaid} What what do you call the stuff that comes out when the when it all goes? 299: Corruption interviewer: Huh? 299: Corruption interviewer: Okay and um in a blister what do you call that stuff? 299: I call that uh {C: tape noise} water. interviewer: Okay and um you say a bee stung me and my hand what? My hand you say? 299: Swelled interviewer: Okay and you say it's still pretty badly? 299: Swelled I'd say. interviewer: Okay and you say if it's not infected it probably won't? 299: Swell interviewer: Okay and um say if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you'd you'd get a doctor to look at the? 299: Well {NS} y- you you, a word like "wound." interviewer: Okay 299: But I don't usually say wound I never do say it I don't know what I say. {NW} I never say I mean I just never do think of uh uh um {C: tape noise} you know a hurt place. interviewer: Uh huh 299: I guess I call it a hurt place {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} does that interviewer: What about say I would use it say talking about the bullet wound. {C: tape noise} {overlaid} What what would you say there? 299: I just don't really know because I just don't really I hardly ever say the word I don't ever say a wound I don't know. Because I just don't really know {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} You know it sounded more sophisticated uh huh it really did. {NS} You know in a to me a wound is something you studied in health book you never did actually say it yourself. {C: tape noise} {overlaid} interviewer: Huh I never really 299: How to bandage a wo- wound {C: tape noise} you know we studied that in health {C: tape noise} interviewer: How to dress a wound. 299: dress a wound {C: tape noise} uh huh and uh but we never did actually use the word wound. {C: tape noise} Something more sophisticated. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Yeah I think I just {C: tape noise} use the word myself in the expression bullet wound 299: Uh huh interviewer: or something. 299: Uh huh interviewer: I don't come to think of it I don't think I say it that much either. 299: Sometimes you don't realize what you do say you know. {NW} interviewer: What if say if it if it dodn't heal clean if you had uh cut or wound or whatever you know it didn't heal back clean and and got this sorta white granulate substance? 299: Infected or interviewer: Okay have you ever heard that called something that had to be cut out or burned out you ever heard of some some kind of flesh? 299: Proud flesh interviewer: Uh huh what's that like? 299: Well that's almost what happened to my jaw. interviewer: Really? 299: See interviewer: Huh {overlaid} 299: Uh see I had a abscess that came to a head on the outside and then uh mother carried me to the uh ol''' doctor {C: tape noise} in a in Erin you know. {C: tape noise} {NW} He lanced it {C: tape noise} interviewer: Mhmm 299: and then it didn't it didn't want to heal right almost all summer long {NS} then the {C: tape noise} inside flesh tried to {C: tape noise} you know tried to come out. And then it would try to heal but it had that proud flesh. {overlaid} So that's what sorta what it was. interviewer: Is it something sorta like that or that I got earlier. 299: Yeah sorta in other words it looks like flesh from the inside. interviewer: Hmm 299: Purtrudes out and then it it heals around and sorta makes a {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} that's what makes a scar more so than it would if it healed right. {C: tape noise} interviewer: That? 299: Yeah usually you do have it around your elbow. {C: tape noise} So that's proud flesh. interviewer: Have you heard about animal skinning? {overlaid} Someone who had a horse told me once about 299: Had proud flesh I guess so but I don't know for sure. interviewer: Yeah um say if you had a little cut on your finger or somethin' you might put this brown liquid on that stings. 299: Oh uh I iodine we used to call it "idane." {C: pronunciation} interviewer: Okay and what about a real white bitter powder that {Overlaid} a long time ago used to come in capsules and people take it for colds? 299: Wasn't quinine was it? interviewer: Okay and um say say someone was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he? 299: Died interviewer: Okay any nicer ways of saying that? 299: Passed away interviewer: Okay any crude ways of saying that? 299: Kicked the bucket {C: laughing} {NS} interviewer: Okay and um you say he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died? {overlaid} 299: With or of interviewer: Okay and um the place where people are buried? 299: Graveyard interviewer: Okay 299: or cemetary interviewer: Is that the that the same thing? 299: Same thing but we all said graveyard {C: tape noise} interviewer: Uh huh what about a a place out may maybe on someone's farm that just a few people like your great grandparents or someone you know buried out there just a small sort of family? 299: Mhmm I bet family plot or just a graveyard's what I call it. interviewer: Okay and um the box that people are buried in? 299: Well a casket or a coffin. {C: tape noise} interviewer: What's the difference? 299: To me there is no difference really. {overlaid} interviewer: Do you ever remember seeing the the real old fashioned ones made out of wood? 299: Not without being covered now I do remember when almost all of 'em were covered with this ol' um oh {C: tape noise} {overlaid} what's stuff like couches used to be made out of that old uh {C: tape noise} material looking stuff you know. {overlaid} Nowadays most of them are steel or or you know of a heavy some kind of {overlaid} something. But I I remember most of 'em were just made out of covered with ju- they were wooden boxes just covered with uh either a pink or a blue you know material or old gray uh I don't know what I'm trying to say but like these old couches used to be made out of. Sort of plush looking thing. {NS} They scratch you like. {overlaid} interviewer: You don't mean some sort of velvet do you? 299: No it is more like old couches if you remember couches used to be covered with um just a real rough scratchy {overlaid} like material. {overlaid} I I don't really know what you'd call it. {overlaid} But they used to uh couches used to be covered with that stuff. {overlaid} But I sure don't know what you'd call it. {NW} interviewer: Yeah say the ceremony? 299: The funeral interviewer: Okay and if people dress in black you'd say that they're in? 299: Mourning interviewer: Okay what if they just sort of completely lose control of themselves? Like just sort of go into hysteria. 299: Go all to pieces or get hysterical. interviewer: Okay would you ever use the expression taking on carrying on? 299: Carrying on I'd say. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um say on on an average sort of day if someone asked you how are feeling you'd say? 299: I'd say alright some people say tolerable. {NW} interviewer: Okay and um say if someone {C: tape noise} {overlaid} was upset about something you might tell 'em oh it's gonna be alright just don't? 299: Carry on or get upset or interviewer: Okay or um say if if your children were out late and your husband was getting a little upset about it you'd say? They'll get home just don't? 299: Worry about it. interviewer: Okay and when you get old and and your joints start giving you trouble you call that? 299: Rheumatism {C: tape noise} or arthritis interviewer: Okay and um {NW} {overlaid} this is a disease that well you'd children used to get it and die from it and except they don't hardly ever get it anymore? 299: Well uh polio or uh interviewer: Something that 299: #1 {D:Rickies} # interviewer: #2 they choke up # with. 299: Oh diptheria {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um a disease where where your skin turns yellow? {overlaid} 299: Uh is that yellow jaundice. interviewer: Okay you ever heard of that? 299: I think I had a touch of it when I was a child. interviewer: Really? 299: Well uh {C: tape noise} uh they say if you really had had it you don't get over it. {C: tape noise} Mine might have been a touch of the you know how small kids do have {C: tape noise} they just have slight cases of it. interviewer: Mhmm 299: But I did have a light case and my eyes the whites of my eyes sorta turned yellow. And I don't know I don't know the difference in hepatitus and well hepatitus is when yellow jaundice goes into into a {C: tape noise} interviewer: Yeah 299: more serious case isn't? interviewer: I think I'm not real sure cause 299: But I had a touch of somethin' when I was small and just the whites of my eyes sorta turned yellow but they say if you have a {C: tape noise} a real case of it you know you really are bothered most of your life. So I don't know if mine was very bad or not. interviewer: Huh um say when when you have a pain down here you say you have? 299: Appendicitis interviewer: Okay do you remember what people used to call it before they new what it was and they'd die from? {overlaid} 299: No I don't. You know uh old people used to say you's bilious all the time. interviewer: Meaning? 299: Well used to anytime anybody was sick or dragging around or wasn't feeling good um they would be everybody was bilious. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Huh 299: A bilious fever or bilious {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} so uh interviewer: Never heard of that. 299: Yeah {C: tape noise} well uh in uh they had ol' doctor's book upstairs and it was a cure for bilious fever {NW} so interviewer: What was the cure? 299: I forgot whatcha did {C: tape noise} you know give 'em uh {C: tape noise} salts or something. {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: Say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it wouldn't stay down you'd say that he had to? {C: tape noise} 299: Throw up or vomit run. interviewer: Okay any crude ways of saying? 299: Puke {C: laughing} interviewer: Huh? 299: Puke interviewer: Okay and if someone vomited you'd say that he was sick where? {overlaid} 299: Sick at the stomach interviewer: Okay and um say if if a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl going over to her house and so fourth you'd say that he was? 299: Courting her interviewer: Okay 299: or sweet on her. {NW} interviewer: Both of those words are told during dating? 299: gra- uh my grandmother u- sweet on her. {C: tape noise} {NW} interviewer: What would they say then that that he was he was her? {C: tape noise} 299: My grandmother would say that he was her sweetheart {C: tape noise} but I'd say he he's her boyfriend. interviewer: Uh huh and she'd be his? 299: Girlfriend {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay {overlaid} what would they say they were? {C: tape noise} 299: Still a sweetheart say boy or girl either one of them would be sweethearts. interviewer: Okay do you use that word courting or how would you say that? 299: Courting {C: tape noise} interviewer: You'd you still use the word courting? 299: I do uh huh interviewer: Okay any other expressions like it? 299: {overlaid} Dating interviewer: Okay and um say if a boy came home with lipstick on his collar? {overlaid} You'd say he'd probably been doing what? 299: Kissing or I don't know petting. interviewer: Okay do you use the word um any old fashion word for kissing? 299: Smooching {X} interviewer: Okay ever hear bussing or? 299: Yeah I have heard of bussing that's an old word really though isn't? interviewer: Yeah I I think of it. 299: Real old {overlaid} interviewer: Say if uh if the girl suddenly stops letting the boy come over to see her you'd say that she {overlaid} what? 299: She's what do you mean quitting or mad at him or? interviewer: Okay and um say if he asked her to marry him but she? 299: {C: tape noise} Turned him down. interviewer: Okay what if they if they were already in engaged maybe and all the sudden she? 299: Broke the engagement {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay would you use that word turned him down for that or? Any other any other expressions? 299: Well I've heard broke off the engagement. interviewer: Okay and um you say if she didn't turn him down you say they went ahead and got? 299: Married interviewer: Okay any humorous ways of saying that? 299: Hitched interviewer: Okay do you ever hear jump jumped the broomstick or? 299: I don't know if I have or not uh. interviewer: Um and at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called the? 299: Best man interviewer: Okay and the woman that stands up with the bride? 299: Maid of honor or {C: tape noise} bridesmaid. interviewer: Okay 299: Or maid of honor is when she's married. {C: tape noise} Or bridesmaid is {X} interviewer: Yeah 299: Wherever interviewer: I'm not sure. Do you remember um hearing about {NW} say well maybe they still do it I don't know but when people would in the community would get married other people would? 299: Chivaree interviewer: Okay what was that like? 299: We used to have those. interviewer: Really? 299: You uh lots of times you surprised 'em they didn't actually know you's coming you just uh go to the house {C: tape noise} just everybody in the community {C: tape noise} young people usually well anybody {C: tape noise} you just um oh ganging their house at night. {C: tape noise} {overlaid} And uh they were supposed to have treats uh you know refreshments {C: tape noise} candy or something for you. And uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} if they didn't have they were supposed to uh do really do somethin' to 'em. And they did anyways lots of times {C: tape noise} and I've actually know 'em to ride 'em on a rail. interviewer: Really? 299: They ride the boy on a rail and then throw him in the pond. {C: tape noise} {overlaid} Out in the pond and the water with his clothes on. {C: tape noise} And then they'd take the girl lots of times and ride her in a tub {C: tape noise} one of the wash tubs. And they've actually done that with {C: tape noise} since I've been {C: tape noise} big enough to remember. interviewer: Huh all this was just done in fun though. 299: Yeah mmhmm yeah {C: tape noise} and usually they never did get mad I mean. interviewer: Yeah 299: Uh huh but nowadays they don't if they even as I got older they they quit that throwing them in the pond but oh they have throwed them in when they have to break the ice {C: tape noise} in the winter time. Just think like fish. {C: tape noise} And back in the old uh you know olden days they really chivareed them just just really fixed 'em up {C: tape noise} good you know. It's just a trick and the good kind you know. interviewer: Was this just after they were married? 299: Uh huh lots of it is near the time that they're married it's possible uh they liked to and it the more popular the couple was in the community {C: tape noise} the more app they was {C: tape noise} to be chivareed. interviewer: {NW} 299: And uh so they yeah they just loved to catch them off {C: tape noise} guard you know. And then lots of times they actually advertised you know a certain night were gonna chivaree and let them know it's coming up. {C: tape noise} So there's been different types of chivarees really. interviewer: Huh none of them have ever ever met the people were mad or anything? 299: Uh uh no it was just strickly in fun. The the better chivaree you had the better you were liked the more popular you are. {C: tape noise} {overlaid} interviewer: Um say if you were um had gone to to Chattanooga last weekend. I would just say that you say last week I was? What I'm interested in is you know the words up or down or over? 299: Oh interviewer: How? 299: I'd say I went up to Chattanooga. interviewer: Okay what about why would you say up? {overlaid} How do 299: Well interviewer: you look at things like that? 299: I've a {overlaid} I've never known for sure that I just look I look almost on everything as being north of us. {C: tape noise} You know like that. And most a lot of places I say up that they're not actually uh north of us. {C: tape noise} Because I don't even think Nashville is north of {C: tape noise} But I I believe Nashville is north. {C: tape noise} #1 Well either way # interviewer: #2 What do you say about Nashville? # 299: I say up I went up to {C: tape noise} Nashville or. interviewer: Uh huh 299: And the only places {C: tape noise} see I think of the map everytime I {C: tape noise} I think of a maps order. interviewer: Uh huh 299: And I only think of everything that looks like it's hover uh {C: tape noise} as up. {C: tape noise} And then the {C: tape noise} everything that's down is either like Georiga Alabama Texas Florida. interviewer: Uh huh 299: And uh {C: tape noise} everything else is up. And then course out home uh everything that up the road or down the road sorta went in the section of which way the qui- creek run. But the kids that would come to our house they would they always said the opposite of what we did. They'd say there there they go down the road and we'd say nah they're going up the road. interviewer: Which way was up to you? 299: Uh interviewer: Flowing the way the creek did or the other way? 299: To tell you the truth I wa- I was saying it backwards to the creek. The when we said up the road {overlaid} it was going up to the head of the stream interviewer: Yeah {C: tape noise} 299: Down was {C: tape noise} the way this creek was flowing. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Mhmm 299: Down the stream you see. Down {C: tape noise} the road and then down the stream {C: tape noise} you know. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Oh I see. {C: tape noise} Do you ever use over? {C: tape noise} Say over to such and such a place or? 299: Sometime uh huh But I can't think of any special purpose. interviewer: Okay do you think of cities that you say that about? 299: I can't think of any in particular that I'd say over to myself. interviewer: Yeah say um you say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the? 299: Whole gang interviewer: Okay and um what do youn- you know young people go out in the evening and they move around on the floor to music you call that a? 299: A dance interviewer: Okay do you ever hear of a different names for different types of dances? 299: Well like uh in this country square dancing and uh see and they they used to call round dancing and as far as the waltz you know {C: tape noise} and course uh now dancing is got all the different names of the twist interviewer: Yeah 299: and all that {C: tape noise} that I'm not familiar with. interviewer: Do you ever of a special name for a dance that you'd hold have at home? 299: Square dance interviewer: Okay 299: that's the main thing. interviewer: And um say if children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say that four o'clock is the time when school? 299: Lets out or turns out. interviewer: Okay and children might ask after vacation when does school? 299: Start interviewer: Okay and um say if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up that day you'd say that he? 299: Play hookey interviewer: Okay um and you say you go to school to get a? 299: Education interviewer: Okay and after high school you go on to? 299: College interviewer: Okay and after kindergarden you go into the? 299: First grade interviewer: Okay any older name for? 299: Primer interviewer: Huh? 299: Primer interviewer: Okay who said that? 299: Well I was {C: tape noise} uh I can remember when they actually had the primer. {overlaid} You in fact you first started the school in my day you didn't have {C: tape noise} kindergarden anyway {C: tape noise} and uh in my day {C: tape noise} uh {C: tape noise} {NW} they had {C: tape noise} the first of the year they might call it the primer interviewer: Mhmm 299: and then uh {C: tape noise} you were in the first grade say about Christmas time or after you finished your first little primer they called it. interviewer: So the the primer referred to the book? 299: Sorta the they also the first little book you had was your primer. And when you went first readers and uh you had the first {C: tape noise} level and second level and something like that. But back in my mother's day I've heard her say you spent the whole first year in your primer maybe {C: tape noise} and then you went in next year you went into first grade sometime. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Yeah you ever call the first grade first reader then? Did you ever hear that? 299: Uh {C: tape noise} older people my mother and people talk of it as first reader. interviewer: Huh 299: But uh {C: tape noise} in my day being in first reader was reading in your first little book and as soon as you finished that you's in {C: tape noise} you's in the second reader maybe. But you wasn't in second grade you just in the {C: tape noise} second reader you know. interviewer: Yeah you talk about just 299: #1 uh huh # interviewer: #2 the book # 299: that's right. interviewer: Huh 299: But mother and them they didn't they actually mean the first grade is first reader you know. interviewer: Yeah say um years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at? 299: Desks interviewer: Okay so each child has his own? 299: Desk interviewer: Okay and um if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the? 299: Library interviewer: Okay and to mail a letter? 299: Well to the post office or mailbox. interviewer: Okay and you'd stay over night in a strange town at a? 299: Hotel or motel interviewer: And you see a play or movie at a? 299: Theater interviewer: Okay and if you were real sick you might have to go into the? 299: Hospital interviewer: Okay and the woman that'd look after you would be a? 299: Nurse interviewer: Okay and you'd catch a train at the? 299: Depot interviewer: Okay or you might call that the rail? 299: Railroad station interviewer: Okay and say if if um say if this were somebody's yard say and it goes like this and a person instead of walking like this walk like this you'd say that he walked? 299: Jaywalk interviewer: Okay but or say 299: Catty corner {C: fading} interviewer: It was really kind of funny I thought. 299: {X} interviewer: It was just 299: Yeah that's his wife and he lived with her and she went to Nashville to work. interviewer: Someone was telling me he had a almost a PhD or something at 299: Probably so cause he's he's a oh like I said he's invented uh something he he deals with that type of stuff you know. interviewer: Yeah He was quite a character. Um okay you you were saying if you walked like this? 299: Catty corner interviewer: Okay and um say before they had buses in the city they used to have? 299: Oh were they trolley cars or interviewer: Okay what what was that like? Do you remember that? 299: Uh uh see I never did go to the city {C: tape noise} Now I mean the city just doesn't mean a thing to me. {NW} Really I interviewer: Just as far as you would go the store and that was 299: That's that's it until he came into town on a in the eight mile or ten mile in the {C: tape noise} and uh that's about all I know {C: tape noise} interviewer: {NW} 299: about town you see until I was um. When I was twelve years old I believe mother let me uh {C: tape noise} {C: overlaid} go with her to Clarksville on the bus. {C: tape noise} {C: overlaid} And that was the first {C: tape noise} time I'd ever been to Clarksville. {C: tape noise} interviewer: I bet that was exciting. {C: tape noise} 299: Mhmm it was it was {C: tape noise} it was real exciting. Well once took before that when I was {C: tape noise} daddy let us go with a load of tobacco {NW} but but we didn't uh we rode in the truck with a load of tobacco and then uh we didn't go anywhere but the ol''' tobacco warehouse you know and then drove us just through the town it was before Christmas let us see the Christmas lights interviewer: Mhmm 299: and that's the first time I'd ever seen the town of Clarksville and I's mhmm I guess I was eleven or twelve years old. {overlaid} So no town doesn't mean a lot to me. interviewer: Do you ever go to Nashville or any of the really big cities? 299: Uh not often see I've been to Nashville a few times and my sister worked in Nashville for oh for six years something like that and {C: tape noise} I spent one Saturday night with her in Nashville in her apartment. {C: tape noise} Which was always a treat of a life time {C: tape noise} and I was in high school then. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Mmh 299: And then since I've been married we went to Detroit one time. And uh that's just about you know {C: tape noise} I haven't been to many. To Nashville and Clarksville and um and that time I went to Detroit. {overlaid} I haven't been to town many times. Just you know really what you'd call town to know how to get around and this type of stuff. {C: tape noise} And uh{C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} through towns and stuff but just as far as a lot about town it don't I don't know a lot. {NW} interviewer: I bet that was exciting 299: Yeah it was {C: tape noise} interviewer: {X} 299: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 299: see that was just a a treat really to us you'd say. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Say um you were riding on a bus you'd tell a bus driver now this next corner is where I want? 299: Off {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay {C: tape noise} and um say um here in Houston County Erin is the? 299: County seat interviewer: Okay and um if you were a say a FBI agent you'd be working for the Federal? 299: Government interviewer: Okay and the police in town are supposed to maintain? 299: Law and order interviewer: Okay and the fight in this country between the north and the south? 299: Was the Civil War interviewer: Okay any other um ways of refering to that? 299: Uh {overlaid} {overlaid} between the North and the South I don't really uh can't think of another name. interviewer: Okay and um you say before they had the electric chair murderers were? 299: Hung interviewer: Okay and you say the man went out and what himself? 299: Hang himself {C: tape noise} or hung himself. interviewer: Okay and um these are some names of some states and cities um the biggest city in this country is in what state? 299: The biggest city would be um {C: tape noise} California someone Los Angeles, California interviewer: Okay but the the biggest {NW} 299: {X} interviewer: The biggest city is in {overlaid} the well in the east of 299: New York {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um Baltimore is in? 299: Maryland interviewer: Okay and what are some names of some of the southern states around here? 299: Well Alabama and Georgia and {overlaid} Texas Florida. {C: tape noise} interviewer: What what about um 299: Louisiana interviewer: Okay and north of here? {NW} 299: Well Kentucky Ohio uh Michigan interviewer: Okay and um then up well touching Georgia up I forget whether it touches Tennessee or not. Um 299: Is it Illinois? interviewer: Okay um and say um Raleigh is the capital of? 299: North Carolina interviewer: Okay and then beneath that you have? 299: South Carolina {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um Baton Rogue is the capital of? 299: Louisiana interviewer: Okay and Little Rock is? 299: Arkansas {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um this state where they had that the big river? 299: Mississippi {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um {NW} the {NW} the show me state is? 299: Uh Saint Louis Missouri interviewer: Okay and um Tulsa's in? 299: Oklahoma {C: tape noise} interviewer: And Boston? 299: Massachusettes interviewer: Okay and the states up there from Maine to Connecticut were called the? 299: New England States interviewer: Okay and the biggest city in Maryland? 299: Baltimore interviewer: Okay and the capital of the United States is? 299: Washington interviewer: Okay and um 299: {C: tape noise} Washington D.C. interviewer: Okay and the old sea port in South Carolina? Sort of a historical old sea port Char- 299: Charleston interviewer: Okay and um the big steel making city in Alabama? 299: Birmingham interviewer: Okay {NW} and the big city in Illinois? {overlaid} {overlaid} 299: Oh I'm thinking Collinsville or {NS} Granite City or interviewer: Really the the big one where they I guess they have a lot of um well slaughter houses and. Where {X} home once was. {NW} 299: Chicago {NS} interviewer: Huh? 299: Chicago interviewer: Okay and um some of the cities that {NW} some of the cities in Alabama? {NW} 299: Uh see I named Birmingham uh interviewer: What's the capital? Starts with an M. 299: Montgomery interviewer: Okay and the the city on the gulf in Alabama? 299: New Orleans oh no uh in Alabama. interviewer: Starts with an M too. {Overlaid} Mo- 299: Mobile interviewer: Okay and um {overlaid} the city up in the Mountains in North Carolina? 299: North Carolina you say? interviewer: Uh huh the city up in the mountains there. Is As- Ash- 299: Asheville interviewer: Okay and the um some of the cities in Georgia? The capital? 299: Atlanta interviewer: Okay 299: Well I'm not too good on these. interviewer: And um then the the big sea port in Georgia? {overlaid} {NW} 299: Well I don't know that. interviewer: I think it's Sa- there's a city in Tennessee named after it I just found out. 299: In Georgia what's the first letter of it? interviewer: Sav- S sav- 299: Savannah {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um then a city in right in the middle of Georgia? 299: Atlanta you're not talking interviewer: Yeah it's it's outside of Atlanta. I think it's Mac- 299: Macon interviewer: Okay and um and Fort Benning is near? {overlaid} 299: It's near Ala- interviewer: Or the name of the person who discovered America? 299: Columbus interviewer: Okay and um the capital of Louisiana? 299: Baton Rouge interviewer: Okay and the biggest city in Southern Ohio? 299: Cincinnati interviewer: Okay and the biggest city in Kentucky? 299: Uh not Paducha Murray interviewer: No starts with an L #1 Where they have the Kentucky # 299: #2 Louisville # Louisville interviewer: Okay and um the the country where they're having all the fighting? Belfast 299: {C: tape noise} Ireland interviewer: Okay and Paris is in? 299: France interviewer: Okay and Moscow is? 299: Germ- uh Russia interviewer: Okay and the four biggest cities in Tennessee? {overlaid} 299: Nashville Memphis interviewer: What about uh sorta of 299: Jackson interviewer: okay and down sorta going East Tennessee. 299: Chattanooga interviewer: Okay and then way over in East Tennessee? Where the University is. 299: {C: tape noise} Knoxville interviewer: #1 Okay # 299: #2 No I didn't think of that. # interviewer: And um say if someone ask you to go with them and you're not sure you want to you say well I don't know if? 299: If I want to go or not. interviewer: Okay and um say if you want somebody to go with you somewhere you might say well I'm not going? 299: Unless you go with me. interviewer: Okay and um say um I had a choice of doing two things and at first I was gonna do this but then I decided to do that in? 299: {C: tape noise} Instead of interviewer: Okay and um the name of the well probably the largest Protestant Church in the South? 299: Methodist interviewer: Okay and then another one? 299: Presbyterian interviewer: Okay what are some others? 299: Well um Baptist interviewer: Okay 299: Um interviewer: And um say if two people become members of a church you'd say that they? What? 299: Mhmm {C: tape noise} you mean like joined? interviewer: Okay and um you go to church to worship? 299: God or interviewer: huh? 299: God interviewer: Okay and um say the preacher preachs a? 299: Sermon interviewer: Okay and say the choir and organ provide the? 299: Music {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and if you really like the music maybe you might say it was just? 299: {C: tape noise} well beautiful or pretty interviewer: Okay and um the enemy of God is called the? 299: Devil interviewer: Okay 299: or Satan interviewer: Okay any other names? 299: Bad man or interviewer: What would you tell children what was gonna come get them? 299: The bad man {NS} {NW} interviewer: Okay do you ever hear of booger man? 299: Yeah booger man uh huh. interviewer: Did you ever hear this it's a game that we used to play 299: Booger? We used to play booger. interviewer: How did you? Was 299: Well each {C: tape noise} side had a base interviewer: Uh huh 299: and then uh the booger man was out in the middle interviewer: uh huh 299: and he had him uh he had him uh base of a thing {C: tape noise} that he had to carry you to. And you'd run across {C: tape noise} to the other {C: tape noise} side you see. And then he {C: tape noise} if he caught you he a he tried to {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} uh I forgot if he had to drag you to make you touch his base. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Oh that's what we call snake in the {X} 299: {C: tape noise} You did? {NW} Oh we used to play that a lot. interviewer: Do you ever hear one um it's something one kid would say ain't no boogers out tonight daddy killed them all last night. 299: Nah I never heard that one. {C: tape noise} interviewer: I thought everyone knew that. 299: Nah it's a new one on me. interviewer: They just someone would say that just sorta daring #1 people and then all the sudden # 299: #2 Well this is # interviewer: the person that had been hiding would run and someone chasing him. 299: Well we that's what what we'd play like that was uh {C: tape noise} fox in the morning goose in the evening. And uh someway {C: tape noise} then you uh you would do some- {C: tape noise} thing and he'd say {X} out there or something and {C: tape noise} and then you'd run to another base or something and then you start chasing see the fox uh fox would chase the geese. So that was the type of game we played. It was called fox in the morning goose in the evening I don't know. {C: tape noise} But I've forgotten what {C: tape noise} interviewer: What about the game where where you'd hide and all everybody but one person 299: Hide-n-seek we called it. interviewer: Okay you ever hear an older name for that? 299: Uh {C: tape noise} interviewer: {D: Rocky high or high spy} 299: I've heard of high spy but but we never did call it that we just called it hide and seek. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay um and what about say the the thing that in football you run toward the? 299: Goal I- interviewer: Okay um {NW} you know sometimes people would would think that there'd be maybe one house in the neighborhood that everyone would be scared to go to? 299: It'd be hainted or {NS} haunted interviewer: Okay 299: We said hainted on. interviewer: Do you remember any stories about that or was there a house like that at a lot of people 299: There wasn't one out where I lived but uh {C: tape noise} I've heard we've used to set tell stories at night of uh of hainted houses and things you know. Have a dish and everyone sat on {C: tape noise} table things like that you know. interviewer: Yeah 299: And uh mostly stories of things that spooked horses horses at night there would be supposed to be a certain road or path that uh if you rode tried to ride your horse past it at night then you were never going back. It did he'd always something would spook him and you'd always fall off you know. {C: tape noise} {NW} interviewer: What would you call the things that were supposed to be spookin him? 299: A ghost probably interviewer: Yeah any other names? 299: Well a haint I guess. {NW} I don't know anything else. interviewer: You ever meet anybody who's supposed to of seen one? He claims that 299: I really don't know of anybody that actually {NW} saw. {C: laughing} interviewer: Um you might tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting what? Chilly it's getting? 299: Cold {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay but it's it's not real cold you say it's just getting? 299: {X} interviewer: Okay and um say um say well I'll go if you insist but I'd? 299: Rather not go. interviewer: Okay and um say someone owned about five hundred acres you'd say that that was a what of land? That was a? 299: Tract of land. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay would you ever use the word right smart or good deal? 299: Yeah I say right smart yeah um most everything I say that would be right smart of land. interviewer: How do you use that right smart? 299: Means a lot interviewer: I mean what what are some of the situations when you'd use it? Would you talk about a right smart of pain? 299: Well a lot of people that yeah you'd say right smart of pain and lots of times you'd go somewhere and they'd say maybe we'll were there many people there and I'd say right smart. {NW} interviewer: Talking about right smart of people? 299: Mhmm {C: tape noise} and right smart that's the type of way I use it. interviewer: Say what about would you say it rained right smart? 299: They'd say how much rain did you have and I'd say right smart. {NW} interviewer: Okay and um say if you say well I'm just a little cold this morning it was? 299: Pretty cold interviewer: Okay and um say if someone said something kind of shocking you sorta resented them saying it you might say why the very what of you saying that the very? 299: Idea interviewer: Okay so the whole thing why the very? 299: {X} The idea of you saying that. interviewer: Okay and when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask 'em? {overlaid} 299: How are you? interviewer: Okay and what when you introduce a stranger what might you say? 299: I'm glad to meet you or interviewer: okay and what might you ask them? Would you ever say how do you do or how are you? 299: Mhmmm yeah I would. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Which? 299: Umm I'd say, "how do you do." interviewer: Okay and um say if someone had been visiting you you might say um well I hope and they're they're leaving {C: tape noise} you'd tell them? 299: Like you all come back or interviewer: Okay or you might tell 'em I hope you'll come back? 299: Sometime hope you all come back sometime. interviewer: Okay um and what do you say {C: tape noise} how do you greet someone around December 25th? 299: Merry Christmas interviewer: Okay anything else? 299: Happy Holidays interviewer: Do you ever say Christmas? 299: Christmas Greetings? interviewer: Yeah Christmas Gift {overlaid} 299: Now that's Ray. {NS} You know I had never heard of Christmas Chr- uh Ray's family has got this Christmas Eve gift interviewer: Uh huh 299: that we never did. I'd never heard of it. {C: tape noise} And the first time I was going to his house {C: tape noise} see on Christmas Eve I believe the first person that says Christmas Eve Gift to you {C: tape noise} you're supposed to give them a gift. You owe them a gift. And see they said that to me that morning when I was down there and I didn't know what it meant it didn't mean a thing to me. And uh so in other words that's their thing Christmas {C: tape noise} the first person that can say Christmas Eve Gift to you {C: tape noise} uh {C: tape noise} you you owe them a gift. interviewer: Is his family from around here? 299: Yeah they're from down in there just right this section down in here I mean just but that's just uh what they always said and I never heard of it. interviewer: Yeah what about um on January first what do you say? 299: Happy New Year {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay you ever hear New Years Gift? 299: Yeah or just {C: tape noise} well no I can't say I've heard New Years Gift. interviewer: Okay say someone had done you a favor you might tell 'em well thank you I'm much? 299: Much oblige interviewer: Okay and um you say I had to go down town to do some? 299: Shopping interviewer: Okay and you say you bought something you'd say the store keeper took out a piece of paper and? 299: Wrapped it up interviewer: Okay when I got home then I? 299: Unwrapped it interviewer: Okay if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you had to sell it? 299: You say sell it for less than you paid for it? interviewer: Yeah you had to sell it at a? 299: Loss interviewer: Okay and say you like something but you don't have enough to buy it you say well I like it but it what too much? 299: Costs too much interviewer: Okay and on the first of the month the bill is? #1 When it's time to pay? # 299: #2 Due # interviewer: Huh? 299: Due interviewer: Okay and if you belong to a club you have to pay your? 299: Dues interviewer: Okay and if you don't have any fr- don't have any money you might go to a friend and try to? 299: Get credit {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay 299: borrow money interviewer: Okay and um you say in the thirties money was? 299: Scarce interviewer: Okay and um say you ran down the swimming board and what? 299: You dive dived you dived interviewer: Okay and um you'd say several children have already? 299: Dived in the water. interviewer: Okay and you say but I was too scared to? 299: To dive interviewer: Okay and when you dive in and hit the water flat on your stomach what do you call that? 299: A belly buster I believe. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay you ever hear that um do you ever have any snow around here? 299: Yeah interviewer: Do you ever go sledding? 299: Mhmm well I I never did much {C: tape noise} but I mean we they do it here yeah. interviewer: Do you ever hear belly buster referring to some sort of sledding? {C: tape noise} 299: I haven't uh uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} interviewer: Uh just 299: Uh huh interviewer: encounter that somewhere but {X} Say a child puts his head on the grass and then turns? 299: Somerset interviewer: Okay and say he dived into the water and he what across the river and he? 299: Uh he you'd say swam I guess but I don't think I usually say he swimmed. interviewer: Okay and you say um I have what in that creek? 299: Swimmed I'd say interviewer: Okay and you say um children like to? 299: Swim interviewer: Okay and um say when you buy when you buy something or pay your bill some store keepers will give you a little present and say that it's for? 299: Uh you mean like your a a premium or interviewer: Yeah they just give you a present sort of a little gift. 299: I don't know what you'd call it I mean I I can't think of anything that you'd {NW} interviewer: Say someone who didn't know how to swim you'd say um he got in the water and? And he got {C: tape noise} {NW} 299: Drowned interviewer: Okay you say um so after he went down for the third time you say that he? 299: Drownded interviewer: Okay and you say I wasn't there so I didn't see him? 299: Drowned interviewer: Okay Huh? 299: Drowned interviewer: Okay and um when a before a a baby's able to walk what does it do? 299: Crawl interviewer: Okay and you say that would be a hard mountain to? 299: Climb interviewer: Okay but last year my neighbor? 299: Cli- uh climbed but some people would say clumb. {NW} interviewer: Okay say but I have never? 299: Climbed interviewer: Okay and um you say she walked up to the alter and she {C: tape noise} what down she? {C: tape noise} 299: Knelt interviewer: Okay and if you're feeling tired you might say well I think I'll go? 299: Lay interviewer: #1 Huh? # 299: #2 lay down # interviewer: Okay and um you say he was really sick all morning he? 299: Lay down interviewer: Okay and um {overlaid} talking about something that you see in your sleep you say this is what I what? 299: Dreamed interviewer: Okay 299: Some people would say dreamt {C: tape noise} {NS} but I don't. interviewer: Okay and you say often when I go to sleep I? 299: Dream interviewer: Okay but I usually can't remember what I? 299: Dreamed interviewer: Okay and um {NW} you say I dreamed I was falling but then just when I was about to hit the ground I? 299: Woke up interviewer: Okay and if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you? 299: Stomping interviewer: Okay and say if a if you saw a friend leaving a party alone you might ask may I? 299: Go with you or to take you home. interviewer: Okay um what if you had a a car? 299: Could I drive you home. interviewer: Okay and um {Overlaid} say to get something to come towards you you take hold of it and? 299: Pull it towards you. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and the other way would be? 299: Push it away interviewer: Okay and um {NW} say you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say that? You picked up the groceries and? 299: Carried them to the car but some people will say tote 'em. {NS} interviewer: Okay do you use that word tote? 299: I have but not often. I don't use it generally it's just not a regular word with me but I have used it. interviewer: What do you do you picture um when you use the word tote do you picture think of it as something that you have to have your arms around like you know the grocery sack all you could was all you could do was hold on to it. 299: Uh huh interviewer: Or like when you talk about toting a a briefcase say? 299: I think of something more up in both arms. interviewer: Okay and um you might tell a child now that stove is very hot so? 299: Don't touch it. interviewer: Okay and um {NW} say if if you needed uh uh hammer you might tell someone go? 299: Bring me the hammer. interviewer: Okay and um you say you you'd throw a ball and ask somebody to? 299: Catch it. interviewer: Okay so you say I threw the ball and he? 299: Caught it interviewer: Okay you say I've been fishing all day but I haven't? 299: Caught anything interviewer: Okay and you say um there's no need for you to hurry if I get there first I'll wait? 299: Wait for you. interviewer: Okay and say if you were about to punish your child he might tell you just give me another? 299: Chance interviewer: Okay and say if a if a man was in a good mood you might say that he's in a good? 299: Disp- disposition or um interviewer: Okay say someone who who always catches 299: good humor I'd interviewer: #1 Huh? # 299: #2 say # Good humor interviewer: Okay and um you say well we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminator company will get? 299: Rid of 'em. interviewer: Okay do you ever say {X} {Overlaid} have you heard that? 299: I don't uh now some people do but I I don't say it myself. interviewer: Um {overlaid} you say he didn't actually know what was going on but he what he knew it all he? {overlaid} 299: He thought he knew it all. interviewer: Okay and um say if if a boy had left his best pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there he'd say I bet somebody? 299: Stole my pencil interviewer: Okay any other word you might use besides stole? 299: Swiped interviewer: Okay and um you say well I'd forgotten about that but now I? 299: Remember it {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay they say um well you must have a better memory than I do because I? 299: Forgot it interviewer: Okay um and you say I've just what him a letter? 299: Just wrote him a letter. interviewer: Okay and you say yesterday he? 299: I wrote him a letter. He wrote him a letter. interviewer: Okay and you say tomorrow I'll? 299: Write him a letter. interviewer: Okay you say it's time I was getting uh you say I wrote him and it I expect a? 299: Answer or interviewer: Okay and you say you put the letter in the envelope then you take your pen and you? 299: Address it interviewer: Okay any thing else you might say? 299: Backed it interviewer: Okay {overlaid} is that mhm older expression or would you use that? 299: Yeah a lot of people I've said they backed the letter so and so. interviewer: Okay and you say well I was gonna write him but I didn't know his? 299: Address interviewer: Okay and say a child that's learned something new like maybe learned to whistle um his parents might ask who? 299: Taught you that some people would say who learned you that? {NW} interviewer: Okay and um you say a a child that's it's always running and telling on other children? 299: He's a tattle tale. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay would you use that word about adults? 299: Yeah interviewer: What does it mean? 299: Well I think of a tattle tale as somebody who goes around to house to house and they you know like a gossip sort of. {C: tape noise} Tale bear or something interviewer: Yeah okay um say if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party you might go out in the garden and? 299: Get a flowers or. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and something that a child might play with? 299: Toy you mean a interviewer: Okay any other name for toy? 299: I can't think of any. interviewer: Would you ever use play pretty? 299: I {C: tape noise} I never do but like older people I've heard call that play pretty's yeah look at all these play pretty's. {NW} interviewer: What would they be referring to? Just 299: Toys just interviewer: Toys in general? 299: Uh huh {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um you say that's the the book that you what me? 299: You read me read to me. {C: tape noise} interviewer: That you what me for Christmas? That you? 299: Gave me interviewer: Okay and you say um say you borrowed a book you'd say? Well when I finished it I'll? 299: Get it #1 back to 'em. # interviewer: #2 Okay # 299: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and you say because you've already what several books? 299: Given me several interviewer: Okay and you say I'm glad I carry an umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it? 299: Began to rain. interviewer: Okay and um you might say um what time does the movie? 299: Begin interviewer: Okay and you say it must've already? 299: Begun I guess you'd interviewer: Okay and um say if you were you say I was feeling so good that I what all the way home? That I? 299: Be so good that I uh {C: tape noise} interviewer: Say say if you were all out of breath you might say well I just? {NW} Say not when people walk but when when they want to get somewhere in a hurry? 299: I run all the way home. interviewer: Okay and you say they have what a mile everyday? They? 299: They've run a mile everyday. interviewer: Okay and you say um say if you didn't know where somebody was born you might ask where does he what from? Where does he? 299: Come from interviewer: Okay and you say he what in on the train last night? He? 299: He come in on the train last night. interviewer: Okay so you say he has what to this town? 299: He has come to this town. interviewer: Okay and um say you can't get in in there because the highway department has got their machines out and the roads all? 299: Blocked {C: tape noise} interviewer: Are all to-? 299: Tore up interviewer: Okay and um say you give someone maybe a bracelet and and you say well why don't you? 299: Wear it interviewer: Or why don't you what? Say you want to see how it looks on 'em you say why don't you? 299: Try it on. interviewer: Okay well you say the opposite of take it off is? 299: Put it on. interviewer: Okay and um say I might ask you what's new and you might just go um? 299: Nothing or {C: tape noise} interviewer: Huh? 299: Nothing interviewer: Okay I might say oh come on there must be? 299: Something new interviewer: Okay and um say if um say it wasn't an accident he did that? 299: On purpose interviewer: Okay and um say if you have a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go? 299: Ask somebody else. interviewer: Okay so you say so then you what him so then? 299: Ask somebody else interviewer: Okay and you might say well you've already? 299: Ask me interviewer: Okay and you say um those little boys like to what each other? 299: Fight or interviewer: Okay you say ever since they were small they have? 299: Fought interviewer: Okay and you say everytime they met they? 299: Fought interviewer: Okay and um you'd say you'd say she what him with a big knife? She 299: Stabbed him interviewer: Okay and um then she what? 299: Pulled it out. {C: laughing} interviewer: Okay and um say if a teacher went into a a room a classroom and found a funny picture on the board she might ask who? 299: Well uh she'd probably say who drew this picture but I'd say who drawed this picture. interviewer: Okay and um you say if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on the roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to? {overlaid} 299: To lift it. interviewer: Okay would you use another word you say hoisted or heisted? 299: To heist it I say heist it up or a lot of times on things I don't ever say hoist but lots of things I say well heist it up for me interviewer: Okay 299: put somethin' under it. interviewer: Okay {NW} and would you start counting slowly for me. 299: Just count? interviewer: Yeah 299: One Two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen #1 fourteen fifteen # interviewer: #2 Okay # 299: #1 # interviewer: #2 # And the number after nineteen? 299: Twenty interviewer: And twenty six? 299: Twenty seven interviewer: Twenty nine? 299: Thirty interviewer: Thirty nine? 299: Forty interviewer: Sixty nine? 299: Seventy interviewer: Nighty nine? 299: Hundred don't get too high. {NW} interviewer: Okay and nine hundred nighty nine? 299: A thousand interviewer: Okay and then the next? 299: Thousand one you mean? interviewer: Okay um say say if you were real rich you might have one? 299: Million dollars interviewer: Okay and um say if there was a line of men standing somewhere um you'd say um the man at the head of the line would be the? {overlaid} What man? 299: The head man interviewer: Yeah or he'd be the number one man he'd be the? 299: First man interviewer: Okay then keep going. 299: Second man third man fourth man fifth man interviewer: Slow slower 299: Sixth man seventh man eighth man ninth man tenth man interviewer: Okay and um you say sometimes you feel your you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all? 299: At once {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and she said something two times you'd be saying it? 299: Twice interviewer: Okay and would you name the the months of the year. Slowly 299: Uh January February March April May June July August September October November December interviewer: Okay and the days of the week. 299: Uh starting with Sunday? interviewer: Yeah 299: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday interviewer: Okay is there any other name for your Saturday or Sunday? 299: Uh a sabbath interviewer: Did you use that word? Or what does it? 299: Well to me uh Saturday's the sabbath and Sunday's the first day of the week. interviewer: Okay so what does the sabbath mean just the last day of the week? 299: Uh huh uh huh interviewer: Okay um and when you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting? 299: Good morning interviewer: Okay and how long does morning last? 299: Til twelve o'clock noon. interviewer: Okay and then what is it? 299: Afternoon or evening interviewer: Is that the same thing? 299: No not really I think afternoon is after say from one to I don't know if it'd be six or seven. And then evening is supposed to mean {overlaid} later at night {C: tape noise} I think. interviewer: When it's dark or what? 299: Uh huh interviewer: Or just before it's dark? 299: I don't know what the actual time I I don't know. {C: tape noise} interviewer: How do you 299: Six I'd say six o'clock is the begining of evening maybe. interviewer: Okay and um say if you were leaving somebody at say eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything? 299: Uhh you mean like as a rule you'd say good evening or? interviewer: Yeah but say eleven o'clock in the day. You know before noon would you say 299: If he's leaving? interviewer: Yeah {overlaid} 299: I don't know I don't guess. interviewer: Do you ever say good day to people? 299: I never do never have usually do. {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and um what do you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving somebody's house at night? 299: I might say goodnight. interviewer: Okay and um you say we we had to get up and start work before? 299: Daylight interviewer: Or before sun? 299: Sundown interviewer: Okay 299: Or sun up interviewer: Okay and um you'd say I saw the sun what this morning? 299: Rise or come up interviewer: Okay and you say um the sun what at six o'clock? The sun 299: Rose {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay and you say um when I got outside the sun had already? 299: Well {C: tape noise} rose or risen interviewer: Okay and um you'd say um today is um Monday so Sunday was? 299: Yesterday interviewer: Okay and Tuesday is? 299: Tomorrow interviewer: Okay and someone came here on a Sunday um last not last Sunday but a week? 299: Sunday before last interviewer: Okay and what about not next Sunday but? 299: Sunday after next interviewer: Okay would you say another expression for that? {overlaid} 299: I couldn't think of another one. interviewer: Do you ever say Sunday week? 299: Yeah I do. interviewer: Which what do you mean by that? 299: Well it'd be a week from the coming Sunday. interviewer: Mhmm you call that? 299: Sunday week interviewer: Okay and um {NW} say someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about? 299: You mean half the month or interviewer: Okay would you ever say fortnight? {NW} 299: I never have. It don't mean anything to me. interviewer: Okay and um say if you wanted to know the time you'd ask someone? {Overlaid} 299: What time is it? interviewer: Okay and um if it's midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say that it's 299: Oh you mean like seven thirty. interviewer: Okay or another way of saying that? Half 299: Half an hour interviewer: Huh? 299: Half an hour interviewer: Okay but another way of saying seven thirty is half? 299: Half past eight interviewer: Okay and um if it was fifteen minutes beyond that then you'd say it was? {overlaid} 299: Seven forty five interviewer: Or 299: Quarter of quarter of eight interviewer: Okay and if you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite? 299: Quite awhile interviewer: Okay and you say 1972 was last year 1973 is? {NW} 299: Is next year or interviewer: But 1973 is? 299: You say 1972 was last year? interviewer: Yeah so 1973 is? 299: This year interviewer: Okay and say if a child has just had his third birthday you'd say that it's? 299: Three years old interviewer: Okay and if something happene on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly? 299: A year ago today interviewer: Okay and say you you look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black? 299: Clouds interviewer: Okay and um on the the day when the you look up and there aren't any clouds you'd say that it was a? 299: Ah clear day or interviewer: Okay 299: a bright day sunny day. interviewer: Okay and um say if it was real cloudy and overcast you'd say that it's a? 299: Gloomy day interviewer: Okay and say if if the clouds are getting thicker and thicker and you figure you you maybe gonna have some rain or something in a little while you say that the weather is 299: Stormy or interviewer: Okay do you ever say changing or gathering? 299: Changing I'd say or blustery or something. interviewer: Okay what do you mean blustery? 299: Well that's usually in March when it's windy when it's blustery outside. interviewer: Okay and say if it if it had been cloudy and then the clouds start pull away then you say that? 299: They're breaking up is what we say. interviewer: Okay then you'd say it looks like it's going to? 299: Clear up interviewer: Okay what do you call a really heavy a lot of rain that just suddenly comes down? 299: A downpour a flood or interviewer: Okay what about if it has thunder and lightning? 299: Well like a thunderstorm or interviewer: Mkay {overlaid} and what huh? 299: I don't know what uh interviewer: Well what what different okay then something not as as hard as say a downpour? 299: A shower interviewer: Okay what if it just sort of lasts all day? 299: Well like uh you not talking about a drizzle? interviewer: What do you mean with drizzle and? What? 299: Well drizzle I think of just a slow steady drizzle it rains all day maybe. interviewer: Okay and what about something that's just um real light? 299: Sprinkle interviewer: Okay and even finer that that? 299: {C: tape noise} A mist interviewer: Okay and um say if you go outside and you can't even see across the road you'd say that? You call that a? 299: Fog interviewer: Okay and a day like that you'd call a? 299: Foggy interviewer: Okay and um you say all night long the wind? 299: Blew or blowed interviewer: Okay which would you say? 299: I say blowed. interviewer: Okay and you say um it was pretty bad last night but in years past the wind has? What even harder than that? 299: Blowed harder than that interviewer: Okay and you say it started to rain and the wind began to? 299: Blow interviewer: Okay and if the wind is from this direction you say it? 299: Uh say it's from the West. interviewer: Okay and um wind half way between south and west you'd call a? 299: Southwest wind interviewer: Okay and half way between south and east? 299: Southeast wind interviewer: Okay and east and north? 299: Northeast interviewer: And west and north? 299: North west interviewer: Okay and um say if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you had a? 299: Drought interviewer: Okay and if the wind had been very gentle and was gradually getting stronger you'd say that it was? 299: Umm increasing or interviewer: Okay you say rising or flowing higher or picking up or? 299: The wind is rising I guess. interviewer: Okay and if it's just the opposite the wind had been strong and was getting weaker and weaker you'd say it was? 299: It's uh I think of decreasing or uh ceasing. interviewer: Okay and um say on a morning in the fall when you go outside and it's it's not it's cold but not? It's really comfortable to be out. 299: Chilly interviewer: Okay and um say if it was it was a it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a? 299: Frost interviewer: Okay what about something else? 299: A freeze or uh interviewer: What's the difference? 299: Well a frost is just a white uh uh the white uh frosty stuff that falls and a freeze is actually so cold that it uh the plant actually freezes maybe and ice in it maybe. {C: tape noise} interviewer: So a freeze then is is much more severe. 299: Uh huh then a frost. interviewer: Okay say um it was so cold last night that the lake? 299: {C: tape noise} Froze {C: tape noise} interviewer: Okay um would you have the different expression for if it um just along the edges you know? 299: Like the lake you mean? interviewer: Mhmm 299: You mean if it froze just close to the interviewer: Yeah would you say skimmed or scaled over? 299: Well you could say there's just {C: tape noise} a skim of ice is what I'd say. interviewer: Okay and you'd say um say the water pipes had already? 299: Froze interviewer: Okay and you say if it gets much colder the lake will? 299: Freeze interviewer: Okay and um what did you call the room that was used for special occasions? 299: Well the front room or parlor is what most people use. interviewer: And talking about the heighth of rooms you'd say this rooms about? What? Say maybe about nine? 299: Feet interviewer: Okay well 299: Is that it? {NW} You mean we finished it? {NW} 303: {X} She was a {X} {NS} Interviewer: {D: okay um} 303: uh-huh Interviewer: We were talking about you know names for oh describing people 303: uh-huh Interviewer: How about someone who's real easy to get along with? always smiling and- you know never loses their temper 303: ye- well we've got people uh of that kind Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 303: on both sides {NS} and uh {NS} sometimes th- the darky or the colored man or the red man uh {NS} {NW} forgot what I was- making a reference to What was that you asked me-? Interviewer: People that are real easy to get along with 303: oh yes I see well uh the the the red man is uh is easy an- an- and the white man is easy some of 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh colored man uh the the real black man whenever he is alright he's the best one of all Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and {X} the darky {X} but they {X} and away but they and in a way {X} alright and they smiling and laugh every time they {D: say yeah} you're a good kind {X} {X} he's uh hard to be he's hard to be {NS} and uh the latter person he's so hard to get along with but a black person Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: because he's he think he's a little better because he's a little brighter and Interviewer: #1 How do you think that? # 303: #2 and the yellow # yellow man he get along with anybody and the the light brown-skinned man he get along with anybody Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh {X} you see what th- the manner and ways they have they don't they don't get mad easy and the- then they're easy to get along with Interviewer: uh-huh Would you use the word like pleasant or- 303: pleasant Interviewer: good-natured or 303: pleasant uh good-natured {D: good-turn} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} okay uh s- say you have a boy in his teens and he just seems to be all arms and legs you know just comes in and 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: {D: spalled} out on himself and 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: knocks over things and drops things #1 How would you describe him? # 303: #2 Well # He would- it'd be described as drinking or or trumping or drinking Interviewer: Okay but what if he hadn't been drinking? What if it's just because of his age you know his 303: His age? Well then Interviewer: You said he's just 303: just uh moving out into a manhood Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: changed to a manhood cause him to be in the in that {NW} {NW} {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: nothing else they know if you don't drink nothing uh and he was no {X} or nothing Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: why they will that's the negative if uh- {NW} Interviewer: Would you use a- a word like awkward or clumsy or gangly or gawky 303: Huh? Interviewer: awkward or clumsy or- 303: Ah he's awk- ward or he's clumsy and some call it clumsy but he's awkward and clumsy why that's nature part of his nature Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Okay and what about a person who just keeps on doing things 303: #1 mm-hmm mm um # Interviewer: #2 that don't # 303: mean things? Interviewer: or things that just start making you {D: spent} 303: well it's a boy at uh things he's doing and don't know how to turn to a a normal way of living a gl- life Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Do you use the word fool? 303: uh? Interviewer: Do you use the word fool? 303: {D: go to school?} Interviewer: fool Would you say somebody's a- 303: oh well ye- uh some of 'em would call 'em a fool {NS} nothing but a fool Interviewer: What does that word mean? 303: That means he some of 'em call it {D: room ups- likes a little room upstairs} or either Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: he's {D: needing} uh {D: moment} with it and can get Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay what about a person who has a lot of money but never spends it any money at all just hangs onto his money 303: you mean {D: contains} all his money Interviewer: Just well #1 um # 303: #2 {NW} # {d: a status} Interviewer: yeah 303: well {X} that word w- would be master that I don't know that's he is Interviewer: Would you say- 303: too stingy Interviewer: uh-huh 303: to spend anything and someone say well he just will spend cause it take take nothing with him Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and that's as close as I can get to the answer to that Interviewer: Would you ever say someone's a type? 303: Uh well type of what? he's a type of what uh he's he's uh he's just a keep him from getting mad they call him a sissy Interviewer: They call him a what? 303: Calling him a sissy Interviewer: a sissy 303: uh-huh Interviewer: What does that mean? 303: that- that means that uh he's too close he's he's all for hisself and nobody else Interviewer: mm okay um and suppose we thought about an old person say an old man but he's still real lively and he's strong and active 303: yeah uh Interviewer: gets along real well you'd say that he's very 303: very polite very very friendly Interviewer: uh-huh but he's real active and doesn't show his age would you say that he's pert or peppy or spry #1 something like that # 303: #2 uh ye- ye- yes # expressive he's uh he don't show his age and he's live and uh and uh {D: spirits} and he's uh I can't call that other word I can't pronounce it to go with it Interviewer: okay um suppose you had some your- your children were out later than usual you'd say 303: well Interviewer: well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 303: little {X} a little uneasy Interviewer: Okay what was that first word you said? little-? 303: a little {D: jibless} Interviewer: {D: jibless}? 303: {D: jibless} Interviewer: What does that mean? 303: that means she's very frightened and uh scared something is {X} Interviewer: uh-huh What was that word now little- 303: {D: jibless} little {D: jibless} {X} Interviewer: hmm okay uh you know that song the old grey mere she ain't what she- 303: what she used to be Interviewer: okay um {NS} and you might say well I don't understand why she's afraid now she- 303: uh she's alright I reckon it'd be no that ain't exactly what {X} it ain't it ain't exactly Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and you got to leave {X} for the long one that uh uh skip it so that I wouldn't know Interviewer: okay um somebody who leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door you'd say that- 303: he's careless Interviewer: okay and um How would you describe a person who um say is a- a little different from other people like won't talk to you or something like that 303: well he's a Interviewer: {X} 303: {X} he's a sort of a {D: sit} {D: cotton} person and he don't {X} and he is not friendly like he should be Interviewer: uh-huh 303: some would say that about Interviewer: Would you use the word queer? 303: queer uh he's all queer Interviewer: uh-huh What does that word mean exactly? Has it changed meanings recently? 303: no it just means his uh mind and his {D: future} he's built that way and he he's always uh been that way he's kind of curious kind of person from anybody else Interviewer: uh-huh 303: he likes to be alone mostly by hisself Interviewer: okay um okay um 303: {NW} Interviewer: if a man's real sure of his own ways and won't change you know 303: I see Interviewer: and makes up his own mind and there's no use arguing with him you'll never win an argument with him 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: oh you'd say that he was awfully? 303: well he's uh I know what that is but I I can't speak it {NS} he's awfully {NS} see he's awfully queer Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and {D: nothing} stands {D: higher} person and he- he's a infidel Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and they would call it some would say he- he's nothing but an old infidel Interviewer: What would that mean? 303: that would mean the person don't believe in Heaven or believe in God and don't believe in hell he believes in I work with 'em he he like to gut me on the inside s- we work together and I liked him he says {D: Stewart} he says there is no hell there is no Heaven well he'd say that every day we working every day together {X} {X} before we go back to work Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: {NW} set a bucket of cool water by taking no innocent drinks sit down and talk and he says did you know Heaven and earth they call it and it was made in six seven days {NS} and says there's nobody {D: know that fool} {D or he's someone that works nights though} say {X} is about teachers say {X} another thing I said I look at it thisaway Said if you have a cat or a dog or a hog to die in a hog pen out there dying {X} what do you do with 'em out here take 'em all and says {D: Brad} and says says says ask for the last {X} and he's got no so I said well hog 'em dogging 'em {D: pursing 'em} here {X} the got a sow and he says they ain't got a bit more sow an- and says I've got a heart says says you got a heart Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: She says that's all they've got said they've got a heart and he says tell 'em he says another thing when you have a thunder storm Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: so he says {D: the hearty} heat and even the cold heat and when it r- runs over it it makes a noise Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and then the six of of th- of that noise makes lightning and forms overhead and strikes trees sometimes now and strikes people sometimes in a different place Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: it never affects {D: but one person} when {X} no more I said no uh mister {X} uh-uh I says I I've seen trees fell aparts Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: the same same thing he says well I never seen 'em and I said well I've seen and he said well {X} wh- w- w- when we are dead {X} and when I'm dead and when you're dead you go back to mother earth to the dirt and says you've got some says your soul wandering around in there during the day says it but that can't be so says you know this is so you know they're going back to mother earth Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and they gonna be like to change me and my wife says no y- you and mister {X} worked together up there get out on the porch {D: light} machine after you done get you a cold bucket of water and sit down and then {X} you almost just like him he's nothing but an infidel says the people around here t- tells that on {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and says {X} he can't be nothing but an infidel he don't believe in Heaven he don't believe in hell you said {X} and do it I hear you said it don't he says well what are you doing says you beli- you believe in what he said I said yes some some parts he said- s to me is true and says its nothing more than what sense teaches you that one one uh- {D: pronged up} a whole little storm uh wind storm uh rain and this heat meets together and roll over and it makes thunder Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and the effects from that makes lightning and says that some say yes it uh they say that but now you don't know that I say well no I don't I- but I believe it uh it's got to be something up there that make it Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and he says she says to me says now sh- sh- y- you quit believing what he says says if you believe other ways when you come to die you will die {D: hauling} cursing and doing everything else you'll die just like a like a hog when it's took jumping and jigging and running trying not to die Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: because you you knew you were bound for hell and so there ain't nothing you can do to for me and says you just quit listening to what he says and when you go to church hearing whats what the preacher says and says course the preachers got to be right if he means what he says {X} reads the main s- scripture of the Bible {X} and you said {X} or this and that and knewing he could {X} and doing {D: pretty good} and says {X} and study as he grew on pretty and she was {X} talk enough you said you can go back and buy them and find out what he said Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: oh she was pretty {X} and their books been an hour but I never went to school but three days in my life and she went several times she could write she was a good writer she could read any kind of writing {D: does it often} {D: that's} {X} But she read uh {X} {D: Lang} I read it Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: {NW} of any kind of letter I had letters here {D: backed up now} I couldn't make no sense out of it Interviewer: yeah 303: set it down here and {NS} {D: she did her} {X} says bring that there to me staring I said hell I'm getting on this and that and and she wouldn't miss a word and she if she did something {D: use kind of} words who body said wait 'til you s- see what the letter mean she spell it and says uh yes it ain't spelled correctly but I bet the reason but now f- from what she said on this last word what she meant says that's what I go by says she ain't spelled it right I- I- I said well you that's pretty good for you Interviewer: mm 303: I can't do it {NS} and um what are they gonna say {NS} that I stayed with him a year two years worked together two years {NS} and the last year I worked with him I said mister {B} I said uh I went to church I've had the Bible read by white people this white person preach for us today and uh I've mine remind his words of what he said w- was the fact and uh I believe it I said now I can't go on here no more o- on I said yeah I- I was your side 'til this year I stayed on your side never went to church and and di- didn't pay no attention to church or nothing and just thought when a man was dead it was just like a dog fall off in a ditch somewhere that was a Hindu Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and so I said must go into the {X} I'm getting back from there yup it was pretty hard {NS} and he says well says hell was sitting on the {X} {X} I said yeah he said well tell me says well I said {D: this about here change you} why I ain't never gonna change I'm gonna I believe this from the heart {D: sterling} and it must be right cuz I- {X} person by some words I've said you know you've seen that pass here yes said uh and said yo- and said well says that's enough con- confess you for what I've said we've been talking about here with a- we worked together and we'd come out on the porch and sit and talk with him so then have us a bucket of water and drink {D: and but taste it} and says uh if you do it more my way why i- i- i- i- you you be sorry because you go somewhere else that you won't know more where I'm at because I won't be there they call it Heaven don't they? I yes sir {NS} or they called it paradise yes sir I said well I w- if he wore {D: jeans} from working he stayed on my side all this time {X} what caused you to change? but people told 'em to you by your own knowledge I said by my own knowledge mister {B} and so here a few years he died never did never did make no change he said said he still kept his own {D: mantra} for what he preached for what he taught about he never did change and his wife's dead now and he's dead one of his girls dead he's got {NW} two girls dead I think but two living one boy living and Thomas he was the oldest boy he died {X} it's been fifteen or fifteen years ago those boys and so {X} we parted and I come over here and finally he moved up he moved over here Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh I was {X} I live back on the farm pass right out by his house and never did {D: bore the wife} she walked to town down here from {X} where we lived so sh- when they had one of the daughters the oldest daughter she said that's it where you going said I'm going home says come on in {X} she wanted him talk to her and talk to her mother {NS} and says uh this is his manner long time says I never thought talk you go- been moved over {X} close together no I wouldn't have thought it some boy was {X} with that force and I- I- I- I wouldn't have believed it and says time makes it different and time makes it change Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and she says {X} {X} did you know our papa know Sterling and papa worked together two or three years said yes and said did you know papa ain't change he still she said {X} what I thought {D: his friend} and uh e- uh- says where the sterling silver is and says yes you know he's doing it back here on the farm and says uh {NS} oh you tell Sterling stop sometimes and {X} e- e- e- {X} they can't get together knowing what they believe and they uh he's got the right for his belief and my daddy's got a right to his belief and so don't let that stop 'em from talking to one another and uh he- {X} says well I don't want a drink of water she went out got the bucket and draw her bucket of water told her get her a glass she said I ain't gonna do it she just drink out of the dipper says you just a clean as I am says oh no uh says yo- yo- y- yes you people ain't ya? said you drink all that but that dipper and she took her drink she said {X} get talking to her and says the last words he said to me says you tell Sterling to talk {D: and see} Pop-pop or papa's sick now Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and nearly I let that slip I never did stop the {X} {X} don't go I've done {X} I'm not but uh we were friends I didn't have nothing against {X} all I change was what he was preaching Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: that's all I did that's all I can say about it that's all you just put it off it right there and stop {NS} he was a white fellow he wasn't no black fellow Interviewer: yeah 303: he's American cold-blooded American- American and he thought {X} all of 'em did cuz I claimed to be a good {D: darky} and always was since I been married I wouldn't {X} time in there but I got older changed and then had had people to talk to me old people back out of them like young ones tell me bogeyman getting her going straight to hell all like that so I just changed my ways a lot Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay someone that like this that that wouldn't there was no use arguing with him because he wouldn't change his mind would you say that he was stubborn or {D: sought or} muled-headed or? 303: oh yes he's a {D: lugging head} or he's a he's a fool Interviewer: he's a 303: oh he is he's independent Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and uh just something to spend it on with uh everything is safe if it ain't on his side he will not agree with you Interviewer: yes What was the first thing you said? he's {X} 303: he's {D: dumber} Interviewer: He's what? 303: {D: dumber} Interviewer: uh-huh something had it thought don't it? don't he had it or? 303: n- uh dumber-headed or mule-headed or he's foolish Interviewer: uh-huh okay um Somebody that you can't joke with at all without him losing his temper just gets 303: he's he's called oh hot-tempered kinda person and he don't {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm What happens if you joke with him? 303: I beg you? Interviewer: What happens if you joke with him? 303: Why he'd say something to you make you mad or he'd uh wanna hit you Interviewer: yeah okay somebody about to lose their temper you might tell 'em they're just 303: just hold a temper Interviewer: or just keep- 303: or just keep a temper Interviewer: okay what about keep cal- 303: keep calm Interviewer: Okay um Now if you had been working very hard you say that you were very 303: uh sound very tired Interviewer: Okay And if you were very very tired you'd say that you were just 303: just {D: unusual} tired Interviewer: or just completely 303: completely give out Interviewer: okay or completely wo- 303: wore out Interviewer: Okay So if someone was um someone had been quiet without {X} that they had some disease 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: you say well I don't know when it was just last night she what sick 303: she was sick last night Interviewer: yeah she what sick last night 303: s- well cold Interviewer: okay would you say she got sick or took sick or- 303: oh uh she- she- she got sick or she w- she was taken sick she's oh Interviewer: uh-huh Which would you probably say? 303: I'd say oh I'd say she's taken sick Interviewer: You wouldn't? 303: Um? Interviewer: What was that you would've said? 303: I sa- I- I would say she taken taken sick Interviewer: Okay um What if someone had gone outside and in pretty bad weather that later was sneezing and coughing and his eyes and nose were running you'd say that he what? 303: Why he's {X} went out and got too cold and the weather Interviewer: uh-huh 303: he giving a cold might've took the pneumonia Interviewer: Okay so you say that he what cold he? he took a cold or- 303: he took a cold Interviewer: got a cold or 303: yeah he he took a cold um fix it Interviewer: Okay and if it affected his voice you'd say that he was 303: Hoarse Interviewer: Okay and you'd say he has a little {NW} what's that? 303: uh well a- a little touches of pneumonia I'd call it Interviewer: Okay but you call that a When you go like this {NW} 303: You call that a cough Interviewer: Okay Now you say I better go to bed I'm feeling a little 303: {D: stupid} Interviewer: A little what? 303: uh a little stupid or a little sleepy Interviewer: Okay Um What does it mean I feel a little stupid? 303: It means you're drowsy and feel stupid and l- l- look like your eyes won't stay open Interviewer: yeah 303: and uh you won't go to bed Interviewer: mm-kay 303: lie down and relax Interviewer: okay um you say it's six o'clock in the morning then I'll 303: {NW} Six o'clock in the morning? Interviewer: uh-huh 303: I {NW} well getting-up time Interviewer: Okay but before you get up you have to- 303: Lift the pillow off Interviewer: Okay but when the alarm clock goes off then you 303: {NW} Well it's six o'clock about time to get up Interviewer: Okay You mentioned earlier that sometimes you'd stay up to watch the news? 303: mm Interviewer: and you'd fall asleep? 303: hmm well I- that's uh I don't know the word for that exactly the word you fall asleep Interviewer: No- oh now this you know you s- you mention that you like to- to watch the evening news and 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: or like sometimes you can't stay awake all during it 303: th- the problem Interviewer: uh-huh 303: well you need a a sleepover {D: tuck-in} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and I went to sleep and missed it Interviewer: yeah 303: I waked up it's all over Interviewer: yeah Okay um You said he's still sleeping you'd better go in there and 303: lie down Interviewer: Okay or say someone was supposed to go to work very shortly and he was still in bed asleep you'd say uh he's gonna be late for work so you'd better go in there and- 303: wake him up Interviewer: Okay Do you ever use the word rouse? 303: Rouse? arouse him up Interviewer: uh-huh I tho- thought I heard you use that before saying talking about Would you say it um at six o'clock in the morning I'll rouse up or 303: r- rouse up Interviewer: Do you use that word? 303: I'll wake up yes ma'am {NS} Interviewer: Okay uh Say somebody was sick and you've gotten some medicine for him and you go into their room and you see the medicine still by their bed 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: You might ask why haven't you-? 303: taken the medicine Interviewer: okay the person might answer well an hour ago I- 303: I tooken some Interviewer: Okay um and in another couple of hours I'll 303: take another Interviewer: okay {NS} somebody who can't hear anything at all you'd say that they're 303: deaf deaf deaf and dumb Interviewer: Okay um Say if they had been out working real hard an- and it's real hot you know 303: mm Interviewer: and he takes off his shirt and its all wet 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: you know he'd say look how much I-? 303: I sweat Interviewer: Okay um What do you call the little sore that comes to a head? 303: sto- sore Interviewer: sore like on you're 303: call it a pimple Interviewer: Okay any other name? It comes to a head 303: uh {D: it's a rising} Interviewer: Okay What about another name for that? 303: it's a Oh I know another name but I can't uh Interviewer: starts with a B? {NS} 303: it's it's come to a head Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you- 303: and {X} {D: build} Interviewer: uh-huh What's the stuff that drains out 303: uh they call it crimson Interviewer: uh-huh 303: or either call it {D: muck} Interviewer: uh-huh And what do you call that thing? 303: {D: Crimson or muck} Interviewer: uh-huh Do y- Do you talk You say rising or- 303: uh a rising or a pimple Interviewer: What about boi-? 303: huh? Interviewer: starts with a b boi- 303: Boil Interviewer: Yeah do you call it does that 303: Yeah it be called b- boil as I pronounce it or carbuncle Interviewer: Okay These are all the same thing? 303: No carbuncle is a little bit different it comes to head but it it hurts you it's a terrible thing uh carbuncle I had one on my neck back there when I was a boy Interviewer: uh-huh 303: sore gonna {X} couldn't rest stay down couldn't rest I'd rub it and inflame it mother told me not to scratch it doc- see doctor to put spread on it wash it off every morning {X} carbuncle they're the same Interviewer: How long did you have it? 303: I kept it around let's see a month Interviewer: hmm 303: {NW} uh it {X} going going down and quit hur- paining and itching but I guess it'd been better for me not to been scratching you know children here mother put something on it sti- stick it on there and {X} {X} and pain and {X} {D: freeze that} thing up and oh move it around that took long to show up Interviewer: mm-hmm Did it get much bigger? 303: No she kept what she put on it kept it from spreading Interviewer: mm-kay 303: bigger larger {D: should say} Interviewer: Okay suppose a bee stings you then your hand will? 303: Swell Interviewer: Okay So you say a bee stung me yesterday and my hand? 303: Swell Interviewer: Okay {D: they say} still pretty badly 303: When it's still swole Interviewer: Okay um You know when you open a blister the liquid that that comes out What do you call that? 303: Water water blister Interviewer: Okay and {NS} say someone had been shot or stabbed you'd have to get a doctor to look at the- 303: mm the wound Interviewer: The what? 303: l- look at the wound Interviewer: Okay Um You know what about some wounds don't heal back right you know they get this white gras- white grain sort of stuff around the um edges and sometimes you got to cut it out or burn it out because it it doesn't heal right 303: no {NS} Interviewer: You know what I mean? 303: uh no I can't answer that Interviewer: It's Have you ever read something called some kind of flesh some- 303: proud flesh yeah {NS} proud flesh it won't hardly heal Interviewer: uh-huh 303: Or either {D: cancer} Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay Suppose you had a little cut on your finger And you might put this medicine on it this it's a liquid and it's brown and it stings a lot 303: that's uh fluid uh I- call it {X} I got a bottle in down in there iodine Interviewer: mm-kay And this is something that people used to get for malaria {NS} 303: Used to get for what? Interviewer: malaria you know 303: {D: f- flavor} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: {X} fever no Interviewer: What medicine did they take? this one 303: the- the- they took it back yonder they took morphine and and uh quinine Interviewer: uh-huh 303: for that {NS} they took {NS} and uh they took it uh dial their fever down Interviewer: uh-huh They take morphine for it? 303: mo- morphine or and quinine Interviewer: uh-huh 303: but I ain't seen no quinine I guess they still {D: get it though} {X} morphine they still get it costs about forty dollars a bottle now {D: fifty} Interviewer: You guys still buy morphine? 303: n- n- no I don't buy none I said people can still buy it Interviewer: uh-huh 303: it's still in practice but a a outsider can't get it without a {X} sorta like this here it's a {D: habit} uh {D: an agreement} Interviewer: yeah 303: {D: told the person} start to be a morphine dipper or either quinine there ain't got nothing on that but morphine it won't let you have it without prescription Interviewer: yeah 303: they put that out {D: kind} old fellow had he had a farm? and the morphine when he started was uh two and three dollars a bottle and he took it about ten years Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and it got up to forty dollars a bottle {NS} and he still kept taking it and uh he took it 'til a he broke hisself Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: didn't have nothing and had had a great big {D: horn} stop money Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and it passed his mother his daddy was dead and uh she tried to get him to quit but but he wouldn't wouldn't do it Interviewer: yeah {NS} Okay someone was shot say and didn't recover you'd say that the person? 303: oh uh he died Interviewer: okay Any other words for saying he died? 303: {NW} yes there's another way but I can't recall it {D: he ceased it} one thing from that shop Interviewer: uh-huh What about any crude ways of saying somebody died? 303: {NW} Interviewer: I mean Ones that aren't nice I mean that aren't serious maybe 303: I've some of 'em say they didn't like 'em they turn it over there to die Interviewer: mm-hmm They ever say say that that {X} kicked 303: the old devil {X} Interviewer: or ki- kicked the 303: kick the bucket Interviewer: yeah {NS} {X} 303: yes I've heard that {NS} Interviewer: Okay you say well he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died- 303: died with Interviewer: okay and um place where people are buried 303: call it a graveyard or a cemetery Interviewer: Okay And um Is there any difference between graveyard and cemetery? {NS} 303: Well I yes there's something different but I can't recall it that's different {NS} {NS} I can't recall it Interviewer: Okay um and the box that people are buried in 303: That's called a {NW} {NW} uh {NS} {X} that I know it but I I just can't call it right now and I knowed from my wife buried in one Interviewer: Is it cas- 303: Casket that's right casket Interviewer: Okay but what about when you were growing up that wooden thing 303: a wooden box Interviewer: uh-huh Would they call it casket or-? 303: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 {D: or think} # 303: They'd call it a w- a wooden box Interviewer: What about cof-? 303: a coffin a coffin Interviewer: uh-huh 303: call it a wooden box or {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Okay I don't guess you ever heard the word pinto 303: pinto Interviewer: yeah 303: no Interviewer: okay You said he was a real important man everybody turned out for his-? 303: uh {X} Interviewer: oh say say a real important person had died 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: You'd say everybody came to his 303: rester {NS} Interviewer: or t- to the ceremony? 303: or to the ceremony or either to the the wake Interviewer: uh-huh or either to the graveyard uh-huh What what happens when a person dies? What is a- They take the body to the funeral home and then 303: They take the body to the funeral home then from there to the grave Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay um People at a funeral who are all dressed up in black you'd say that they're in 303: {D: they're in} I suppose you'd call it uh dressed up in black and sing Interviewer: Who were crying and you know really upset {NS} the family you know dresses up and 303: {NW} Interviewer: puts on black clothes and {X} 303: {D: they'd say} Interviewer: okay what about {X} 303: {X} Interviewer: You say that they're in mour- 303: {NW} Interviewer: mourning 303: they are mourning Interviewer: What about mourning? mourning 303: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Would you say someone's mourning? 303: yes um uh I know what it means but I can't {X} to get that together Interviewer: Okay suppose um {NS} suppose someone saw you oh say today and asked you how you are you feeling you'd say? 303: I'm feeling very well Interviewer: Okay um Is that what you usually say? Very well 303: n- no Sometimes I say I'm feeling alright or either I'm ain't feeling good today Interviewer: uh-huh 303: as I did yesterday Interviewer: yeah Okay say your children are out late and you're wife's getting a little excited about it you say oh they'll be at home alright just don't you 303: worry Interviewer: okay and Interviewer: {C: tape repeats} 303: {C: tape repeats} Interviewer: mm-kay um and um {NS} okay what was that you said you'd say that they said you might tell someone oh it's gonna be alright just don't you 303: yeah don't worry or either don't fret about it about it it's gonna be alright Interviewer: mm-kay um and um When you're getting older and your joints get all stiff 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: you say that you've got 303: {X} or Interviewer: would you say {X} 303: my limbs {NW} I've got got to worry uh there's some more to that but I can't s- explain it to you Interviewer: Yeah say your fingers get all swe- #1 swollen up # 303: #2 oh uh # {D: daunches} got the stiff Interviewer: uh-huh Would you say rhu- 303: mm {X} Interviewer: uh-huh Any other names for that? 303: n- {X} more names uh {X} Interviewer: {NS} Okay um {NS} this is something that {NS} people used to get um they get a real real bad um {NS} sore throat 303: mm Interviewer: children would get it and they'd choke up 303: mm some of 'em call it diphtheria Interviewer: okay and um This is something that makes your skin turn yellow and your eyeballs turn yellow 303: that's the yellow gene Interviewer: okay um and when you have your appendix taken out you say that you've had a touch of 303: {NS} touch of Interviewer: You'd say you have a type of? {NS} What? 303: type of {X} Interviewer: okay um {NS} and um if you ate something that didn't agree with you and it wouldn't stay down you'd say and i- i- i- not came back up you'd say you had to 303: I had built it up to make me sick uh {NW} {NS} s- so so sores uh Interviewer: okay would you What about the word vomit? 303: I had to vomit couldn't keep it down Interviewer: Any other words with that meaning? 303: uh let's see Interviewer: Does belch it up make sense? 303: {NW} belch it up Interviewer: Is that the same thing as throwing up? 303: no Interviewer: okay um What other words are there for vomit? {NS} 303: Well that's I can't think can't go on further on that I can't explain Interviewer: What about {NS} um words meaning vomit but words that aren't aren't very nice {NW} 303: mm {NS} Interviewer: puke or barf? 303: puke ors- throw up Interviewer: okay oh is throw up not a nice word? 303: n- no It that don't sound too nice Interviewer: mm-kay um And if a person vomited you'd say that they were sick {D: where} 303: I would says s- s- sick in the stomach sick sick at the stomach Interviewer: okay and say you'd just gotten some really interesting news and then you went across the street and told your neighbor the news someone asked you why you went over there you'd say well I went over there 303: to tell 'em about Interviewer: okay Say if you invite someone to come see you you'll say now if you don't come over and see me I 303: I didn't come to see you Interviewer: or I what be disappointed 303: I well I'd be disappointed {X} Interviewer: okay Would you ever Do you use the word shall? I shall be disappointed? 303: I should've used that shall be disappointed I shall not be disappointed Interviewer: yeah but these Do you use those words? really 303: some people do Interviewer: Who does? 303: Well most {X} boys some of the other white people colored too Interviewer: mm-hmm okay you might tell someone at any time you can come over we'll be what to see you? 303: We'll be glad to accept you Interviewer: okay any other word you might use besides glad? 303: you'd be happy Interviewer: Okay what about huh? 303: be happy for you come over Interviewer: okay Would you say we'll be proud to see you? 303: oh we'll be we'll be awful proud to see you all coming Interviewer: Okay um If a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl like he was thinking about marrying her eventually you'd say that he was 303: He was courting her Interviewer: okay Any other expressions like that? 303: uh uh no there's another word or two but I can't explain it Interviewer: mm-kay and in this case he would have called her 303: sweetheart Interviewer: okay And she'd be called his? 303: uh a lover or either her bride or if she's gonna marry him Interviewer: yeah or she would be called his? 303: his his bride Interviewer: okay um did you say sweetheart? 303: or his sweetheart or dear Interviewer: Sweetheart or what? 303: or his dearest Interviewer: okay um and the boy came home with lipstick on his collar you'd say that he had been? 303: {NW} he'd been kissing somebody Interviewer: okay any old fashioned words 303: mm n- seem like its {X} but I can't call it Interviewer: what about bussing or smooching or necking or spooning? 303: {X} smooching or bussing or either there's another word but I can't recall it Interviewer: okay um If he asked her to marry him and she doesn't want to you'd say that she? 303: she didn't love him like he thought she did {NS} Interviewer: okay or would you say she turned him down or? 303: she turned him down or she turned his back on Interviewer: okay Any other words like that? 303: uh no not that I can call right now Interviewer: okay but if she didn't turn him down you'd say they went ahead and got 303: married Interviewer: okay Any funny ways of saying that? 303: uh? Interviewer: Any joking ways of saying that? 303: Saying {X} no n- n- n- I- I can't ex- #1 plain # Interviewer: #2 got hitched or? # jumped the? 303: Jumped the rope. Interviewer: Jumped the rope? 303: yes Interviewer: What does that mean? 303: That means they got married Interviewer: {NW} Jump the rope? 303: jump rope that's what they calls it {X} or they joined r- right hand Interviewer: They what? 303: or they both join right hands Interviewer: huh they joined right hands 303: They joined right hands That means forever 'til God parts 'em Interviewer: hmm Okay and at a wedding the boy that stands up for the groom is called a 303: well he called a {NW} {NW} well I know where to put the {X} but I- I can't recall it now Interviewer: {NS} you ever heard of waiter or groomsman or best man? 303: he's a waiter or a groomsman {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What about the woman that stands up with the bride? 303: {X} Interviewer: The woman that stands up with the bride 303: She's called a uh I can't remember I know it I've heard it's called but I can't memorize it enough to speak it right now Interviewer: Okay you know a long time ago when people get married {D: they people} {X} fire off pistols and ring cowbells and make a lot of noise What would you call that? 303: They're celebrating Interviewer: mm-hmm But is there another name for that? {NS} 303: Some would call it {D: sumerating} {C: another word for celebrating} some would call it cele- celebrating Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: they may {X} anniversary {X} my thought Interviewer: some people you know they take the groom out and and ride around on a pole or something like that 303: {NW} they call that {NS} uh I forgot what they call they call that I can't recall it but I Interviewer: Do you ever hear of sere- 303: uh-huh Interviewer: seren- serenade or 303: serenade serenade Interviewer: or chivalry? 303: or chivalry Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever hear either of these words? 303: no I can't go no further Interviewer: which Did you hear it called serenade? 303: yes serenading uh serenading {X} there's another way but I can't call it Interviewer: Tell me what it it what it was like What would they do? 303: {X} Take 'em out and ride 'em on the {D: real} or or put 'em on the see-saw {X} {X} part of it {D: could} {X} on the ground cause it {D: worried them out} Interviewer: yeah Who would do this? 303: #1 the friends # Interviewer: #2 is this a? # uh-huh 303: the friends Interviewer: Did you have that done to you? 303: N- the- talked about it but I I paid off Interviewer: You paid off? 303: mm I had candy cake {D: since is they} Interviewer: They just do it with people who didn't have 303: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 candy or cake? # 303: Why yeah {X} {D: ask his} friend that he had the candy nice {X} candy or a cake cold {X} something like that from the drink {NW} they let you off Interviewer: {NW} And eh- if they didn't let you off they'd call that a- 303: uh celebrating {NW} we ce- we celebrate the {X} last night and some of that's well did you didn't have that no you can have 'em {X} {X} went in and got him out {NS} give him a good ride Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Okay um {NS} Okay now I'm interested in words like up or down or over or like say you'd been in Nashville you would say last week I was 303: in Nashville Interviewer: Okay Would you say over in Nashville? 303: #1 Over in Nashville # Interviewer: #2 down in Nashville # 303: #1 or # Interviewer: #2 up in # 303: #1 down in Nashville # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: or or if I live below Nashville I'd say I {D: go} to Nashville last week Interviewer: What does below Nashville mean? 303: below Interviewer: South of it? 303: yes ma'am Interviewer: {NS} Okay what Chattanooga How would you say that? I was 303: um going with us to Chattanooga Interviewer: okay um Why do you say over? Do you know? 303: Why? because it's where I was living Interviewer: okay but Chattanooga is south of here 303: yes {NS} yes I'd call it down down south Interviewer: uh-huh but you said you'd say over to Chattanooga 303: uh I'd Interviewer: #1 you have to cross a mountain # 303: #2 over here here # yeah I'd say over- over Chattanooga Interviewer: Okay Um You say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the- 303: They arrested the um a squad of us Interviewer: What is that? What crowd the arrested? 303: crowd Interviewer: the 303: the there'd be a crowd right here Interviewer: They arrested all of 'em they arrested the 303: {NW} the- they'd arrest them all or at lea- least some of 'em or it- they they arrest all of 'em all at once Interviewer: okay they're the whole-? 303: {NW} Interviewer: They arrested the whole 303: the whole bunch Interviewer: Okay Um Young people you know like to go out and they eat and they get move around on the floor to music What do you call that? 303: celebrating Interviewer: okay or another name? 303: uh having fun Interviewer: okay what about barn something or square 303: barn dance Interviewer: okay 303: or a square dance Interviewer: Do you remember names for different kinds of dances? 303: {D: I beg you?) Interviewer: Do you remember names for different kinds of dances 303: no I don't remember some n- names barn dance {NS} and uh a cake walk dance {NS} and a {NS} two-step then there's a the {X} dance then there's a uh Interviewer: the cha- 303: s- {X} dance then there's a {NS} uh uh {NW} I said a square dance Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and a {X} dance two-step Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: cake walk and uh there's a whole lot more but I just can't recall 'em all Interviewer: yeah okay If children got out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four o'clock school 303: is four o'clock school is out Interviewer: okay {NS} um and after vacations children might ask when does school 303: when does school {D: turned out} Interviewer: okay or would this- um you say the day after Labor Day is when school what again 303: there's a there's a turn {X} turn some would call it uh my school turned out today for good for the next year Interviewer: and next year the school will What again 303: will start again Interviewer: okay um Say {X} had come to go to school but never showed up in school that day you'd say that day he 303: he l- laid out Interviewer: okay um and you go to school to get a Why do people go to school? 303: to get a education Interviewer: okay and after high school you go on to 303: to uh college Interviewer: okay and after kindergarten you go into the-? 303: uh I know what it's called but I can't talk {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What about you go into the elementary school Which grade do you go into 303: elementary school Interviewer: yeah you go into the fir- 303: first grade Interviewer: okay is that what you call it when you were growing up? 303: then we called it first grade Interviewer: what about first class #1 or first # 303: #2 or first # Interviewer: #1 first grader # 303: #2 first # Interviewer: #1 first primary # 303: #2 first # second grade or first class I mean uh the first grade Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at 303: chairs Interviewer: or? something else? 303: uh benches Interviewer: okay um say you went into a an office the secretary would be sitting at a 303: at a chair Interviewer: okay but she'd have a more than just a chair she'd have her own 303: she'd have a a desk Interviewer: okay and um say there were several say nine or ten secretaries in an office {X} nine or ten 303: {X} Interviewer: there's more than one desk there'd probably be nine or ten 303: ten desks Interviewer: okay um if you want to check out a book you'd go to the 303: uh dictionary Interviewer: okay it's if you wanted to borrow a book you'd go to the 303: dictionary Interviewer: okay um a building where they just have books for people a building 303: {NW} Interviewer: would be the public 303: public uh {NW} library Interviewer: okay and you'd mail a letter at the 303: mm? Interviewer: Where would you go to mail a letter? 303: post office uh you'd stop that thing {X} {X} turn my water on last night I go out in the well and water's running {D: at the run to the mouth} and burn up Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: these children come down here play like at night I went on back and got my supper and then they put that thing on there and I reckon they get on the {X} Interviewer: yeah 303: {NS} {X} running down {NS} from coast to coast {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} {X} {X} running way down the river {X} {NS} {X} {X} {D: y'all don't have school today?} {C: talking to children} Aux: no, yeah we did {X} {C: children talking} 303: {D: get the water hole} {C: talking to children} {X} {C: talking to children} {NS} {D: y'all get the water hole tomorrow} {C: talking to children} be sure and turn it off {C: talking to children} {NS} {X} {NS} {NS} {X} {X} Interviewer: {X} {NS} yeah {X} {NS} 303: {X} I seen it do it once before and uh that's how I come here just take it off and laid it down right there and they just picked up and throw it back on out of here {X} and uh {X} I'm sitting in in that chair looking there looking pale faced {NS} and {X} I went in the kitchen to the kitchen sink and his his blubber {NS} well yeah I didn't do nothing {X} I said this summer {X} I couldn't face like {X} it's a pipe {X} on the outside {X} that it's been turned on or off it's been turned and rusted to where you can't turn it but I didn't know what somebody might've turn {X} turn Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: but I can't turn {X} and so after I done that I hear the well running when I come in the kitchen door So I says that well is running Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and then before if I stayed out here after this faucet must be on here and when you {X} for a faucet is all and in the kitchen go in there and all and I said when I was here then this was {D: loading} water run right it over {X} I went in there unplugged it and stopped it from running and I got to went back in the kitchen family and I can see {X} singing and went in here with a {X} and it was his {X} {X} and uh it build back up then and when I cut it off I tell you I've seen it alright and I went back and I {X} put the plug in I put the plug in {X} and this and that to fill back up {X} that's the last of it {NW} Interviewer: okay you'd stay overnight in a strange town at a 303: mm-hmm stay out at four- fourteen fourteen or {NS} or call it a town I'd never stayed all night in before Interviewer: uh-huh okay um and you'd see a play or a movie at a {NS} Where would you see a play or a movie? 303: {D: in Lebanon} Interviewer: uh-huh where- where- I mean what 303: What place? Interviewer: yeah you'd call that place 303: theater- theater Interviewer: okay and if you were real sick you might have to go into the 303: {D: in pain} Interviewer: or 303: or or the hospital Interviewer: okay and the woman that'd look after you in the hospital 303: the woman looks at you Interviewer: yeah 303: she'd be the nurse Interviewer: okay and you catch a train at the 303: at the would you say catch a train Interviewer: you'd catch a train 303: oh well let's s- see {X} {X} the passenger train Interviewer: uh-huh where where did you go to catch a train 303: {X} going to Macon Chattanooga {NS} or either {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm but when you wanted to go get on the train or go buy the ticket for the train you'd go down to the 303: to the ticket office Interviewer: Where would that be? 303: That'd be down to the where the passenger train {NS} {D: that's it} Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you call a building where a train comes in {NS} 303: that's a Interviewer: Where do you stop and you get off and #1 everything? # 303: #2 oh # the depot Interviewer: okay um or you might another name for that would- you might call it the rail 303: uh I can't recall it Interviewer: the railroad 303: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: the railroad station Interviewer: okay um and around the courthouse in the center of town you have a you know where the the {X} place around the courthouse you call that the 303: the courthouse the courthouse lawn uh uh the courthouse statue Interviewer: mm-kay um {NS} and say two streets crossed and a man started walking across the street starting from one corner and walked all the way across to the other corner 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: How would you say he walked? 303: he was walking from one corner to the other {D: walking pass boy} Interviewer: He was walking what? 303: Walking across the road the {X} by the {D: pass} {X} {NS} I'd call it Interviewer: okay what about kitty- or catty- 303: kindergarten Interviewer: What? 303: kindergarten Interviewer: What's that? 303: uh I know what it is but I can't explain it to you Interviewer: Is that a way of walking? 303: no {NS} Interviewer: Say if there was a lawn say a person was going like this and instead of walking like this you walk this way 303: that'd be if you walk across the corner Interviewer: okay or was that kitty 303: no I suppose some would call it that Interviewer: what 303: for children {X} {X} {NS} Interviewer: for children what? 303: for children to walk up passed {D: go through} keep out danger or either maybe it make 'em a little bit quicker out of the way or Interviewer: uh-huh 303: in danger Interviewer: ho- how would you call it walking kitty- kitty or catty 303: kitty- kindergarten {NW} no that ain't that ain't exactly {X} but I {X} Interviewer: Have you ever heard kitty-cornered or catty- 303: catty-cornered Interviewer: catty-wampus or something? 303: catty cornered or either {NS} cross crossroad cornered Interviewer: okay um and before they had buses in a city they used to have 303: trolley trolley cars Interviewer: okay and you tell the bus driver this next corner is where I want 303: get off Interviewer: okay um say if you had a cat and it went over to the door and started meowing you'd say the cat wants 303: to out Interviewer: okay um and you're in Wilson County Lebanon is the 303: It's the county seat. Interviewer: okay and if you were a postmaster you'd be working for the federal 303: government Interviewer: okay and the police in town are supposed to maintain 303: order Interviewer: what and order la- 303: law and order Interviewer: okay um and the fight between the North and the South you know in eighteen sixty-one What was that called? the war 303: ci- Civil War Civil War Interviewer: Any other names? 303: uh yes there's another but I can't call that there's another name {NS} Interviewer: okay you say before they had the electric chair the murderers were 303: were hung Interviewer: okay so you say and that man went out and what himself that man went out and 303: hung himself Interviewer: okay and these are some names of states and cities 303: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 um # huh? 303: {D: One's a difference} what? Interviewer: no um now I wanna ask you some names for some states and some cities The biggest city in this country is in what state? 303: it's uh uh you've got me {X} {X} Interviewer: Just name some of the states 303: there's New York Interviewer: mm-kay 303: Washington and uh {NS} {NS} and uh Danville, Illinois Louisville Kentucky Interviewer: mm-kay 303: and and {NS} there's oh a whole lot of others Interviewer: What about some more states down south? 303: {NW} Interviewer: s- st- states further down south {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} Can I get {X} 303: {X} Interviewer: What about some states further down south? 303: Well I j- just tell you {X} I can't name none of 'em {NS} because I've never {D: studied it} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: {D: that books} {D: and words} Interviewer: What {NS} 303: and I I can't go back use that down south Interviewer: uh-huh Do you have any rel- Where do you have some relatives living? 303: In uh {D: Cresson} Oklahoma Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and and uh Davis- Davisville Oklahoma Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and {D: Arkansas} Ar- Ar- City Kansas Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: I've got some people here in {D: Tennessee} state that's my sister Interviewer: What about the states around Tennessee? 303: Around Tennessee Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: There's the Interviewer: You know Richmond is the capital of? 303: r- Richmond uh Nashville Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and there's uh Chattanooga I reckon it's in Tennessee I know it is Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and several others Interviewer: uh-huh What about some states near Tennessee 303: Well you went I can't Interviewer: Okay Atlanta is in what state? 303: in a the state of Georgia Interviewer: Okay and the state next to that? Where- Do you know where George Wallace was from? 303: the state of Alabama Interviewer: okay What are some cities in Alabama? 303: I couldn't tell you Interviewer: Okay um 303: {D: too far from it} Interviewer: What about the state where oranges come from? 303: Florida Interviewer: okay and the state where they have that big river running through it 303: um {NS} Interviewer: Where they're talking about a flood damage 303: uh I don't know what that {X} {D: sit right in} know what it is but I just can't call it what it been- had this year there Interviewer: What about Mis- 303: Michigan Interviewer: oh Mississi- 303: oh Memphis Interviewer: What's that? 303: Memphis Interviewer: okay um Do you know what state Boston is in? 303: no I don't Interviewer: okay um You know the biggest city in Illinois? 303: I don't know Interviewer: yes Chica- 303: Chicago Interviewer: okay and um the largest city in Georgia? is it Atlanta? 303: mm {X} Interviewer: okay um what about cities in Louisiana 303: You lost me again Interviewer: okay um Say someone asked you to go with 'em and you're not sure you want to you say well I don't know 303: Well I'd say I ain't ready to go I ain't I ain't made up my mind to go yet Interviewer: okay or I'm not sure yet what I want to go or not I'm not sure yet 303: uh well I'd say I I'm not sure that want to I go yet Interviewer: okay um if you wanted someone to go with you you might say well I won't go 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: what he goes I won't go 303: without you someone else go with us Interviewer: without what? 303: Without someone else going with us Interviewer: okay um say I had a choice of doing two things and first I was gonna do this but I decided to do that 303: mm Interviewer: in- I thought I'd do that ins- 303: that is something {X} that is {X} I'd do it the other way Interviewer: okay so I decide to do that inste- of this 303: in- Interviewer: ins- 303: oh I I can't get there Interviewer: alright what about instea-? 303: instead Interviewer: okay um So say if a man is is real funny and you like him for that reason you'd say I like him 303: {X} he's funny Interviewer: okay {NS} um What are some names of some churches around here the largest protestant church 303: well the large I couldn't tell you the largest Interviewer: Well what are just some churches around here 303: the Baptist church Interviewer: okay 303: Methodist church and {X} church and uh Interviewer: mm-kay 303: I ca- I can't {D: watch it} Interviewer: the {D: Candlelight} church 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: okay um if two people become members of church of- of a church you say that they 303: they are members Interviewer: or they what the church 303: {NW} they're Interviewer: they join 303: now members of the church Interviewer: because they have joi- 303: they have Interviewer: joi- do you say joined or {D: jimed} 303: joined Interviewer: okay 303: they have joined the church Interviewer: okay and you go to church to worship who? 303: worship the the Lord Interviewer: okay or another name for him you pray to 303: Jesus Interviewer: or Go- or pray to Jesus or 303: or the the minister Interviewer: okay what um another name for the Lord is 303: God Interviewer: okay {NS} um and the preacher preaches a- 303: a sermon Interviewer: mm-kay and you say the choir and the organist provided the- 303: the music {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay and if you really like the music you might say oh that music was just 303: wonderful Interviewer: or just beau- 303: beautiful Interviewer: okay say if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one morning you might say oh church is gonna be over what I get there? church will be over 303: church will be over while I guess I was changing the tire Interviewer: okay um the enemy of God is called a 303: uh the enemy of God call Interviewer: God 303: Jesus God the father Interviewer: okay God's in heaven um who's who's down in hell? 303: Why {D: Julius} I think {D: Julius} Interviewer: okay any other names? 303: no Interviewer: Do you call him the dev- {NS} Any names for the devil? 303: mm I can't get it Interviewer: What about the devil? 303: oh yeah the devil {NW} I know that Interviewer: Any other names for him? 303: uh {NW} some would call it hell Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: but uh I uh I can't call it call it Interviewer: mm-kay {X} people think they see at night around a graveyard 303: {D: a haunts} Interviewer: okay any other names for that? 303: a ghost Interviewer: okay And how is it supposed to have ghosts in it? say the house is 303: haunted {C: pronunciation is distinct} Interviewer: okay {NS} you say you better put a sweater on it's getting what chilly 303: getting chilly out here getting cool Interviewer: but it's not real chilly it's just 303: cold Interviewer: okay um you say well I'll go if you insist but I'd- {NS} what not go I'll go if you insist but I'd 303: rather not go Interviewer: okay um If you hadn't seen a good friend of yours in a long time when you saw him you- you might say um how- how would you express your feelings? you might say I'm mighty 303: I'm mighty proud to see you Interviewer: okay um say someone owned five hundred acres you'd say that that would be a a what of land 303: a plenty of land Interviewer: a what? 303: a a plenty of land {X} Interviewer: okay 303: for one person {X} Interviewer: okay um would you say it's right smart of land 303: yeah or either it's a right smart of land or it's a whole lot of land Interviewer: mm-hmm what's the word right smart mean? 303: right smarts means more than a little Interviewer: mm-hmm what {NS} how do you use that word? 303: smart Interviewer: Would you talk about a right smart of people? 303: a right smart of people or a right smart of land or few people or {NS} or just a large {D: get-along} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: {X} of people um Interviewer: Would you say it rained right smart? 303: no it it rained {NS} a whole lot or either a right smart Interviewer: okay um you say it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was 303: this t- 'un- t- 'un- usually cold Interviewer: or it was 303: very cold Interviewer: or re- #1 re- # 303: #2 uh # Interviewer: {NS} 303: uh a wet cold a damp cold Interviewer: okay um someone says something kinda shocking and you you sorta resented him saying it you might say why the what? 303: Why did you say that thataway Interviewer: okay Someone had um okay 303: {NW} Interviewer: um someone had a good suggestion you might say oh that's a very good 303: a good person Interviewer: or that's he had a very good i- 303: very good uh idea {D: or} Interviewer: okay Would you say that when you were sort of shocked you might say why the i- {NS} 303: Why {X} Interviewer: What? 303: How did I mour- mourn him Interviewer: How did I what? 303: mourn him Interviewer: What does that mean? 303: {NW} That means think a lot of it Interviewer: uh-huh 303: {X} Interviewer: uh-huh okay um okay if you see someone you tell 'em good morning and then you ask them well 303: {NS} good morning Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and how are you feeling Interviewer: okay um okay when you're introduced to a stranger what might you say? {NS} 303: and {X} Interviewer: when someone introduces you 303: to a stranger? Interviewer: someone that- yeah that you you'd ask him 303: um Glad to see you Interviewer: okay {NS} Would you say how- how do you- 303: How do you do I'm really glad to see you Interviewer: okay if someone had visited you you might say well I hope you'll come {NS} 303: hope y'all come back again Interviewer: okay What do you say when you meet someone on Christmas? 303: Good morning Christmas gift Interviewer: okay um do you just say Christmas gift on Christmas day 303: well Christmas {NS} uh Christmas Eve Interviewer: okay say what if it was say about a week before Christmas would you tell someone 303: well Interviewer: you'd say 303: still have Christmas spirit Interviewer: uh-huh 303: {X} {D: said} {NS} Interviewer: {D: oh yeah} 303: huh? Interviewer: {D: real} 303: Merry uh Christmas to you Interviewer: okay um and on the first of January you tell someone 303: Happy new year Interviewer: okay Would you ever say New Year's gift? 303: New Year's gift Interviewer: Would you say that? 303: I'd say that yes New Year's gift Interviewer: okay um {NS} say someone had done you a favor you might say thank you I'm much 303: I'm much Interviewer: much o- 303: much obliged Interviewer: alright 303: pleased with it Interviewer: okay um you say I have to go downtown to do some 303: shopping Interviewer: okay and you say after {D: is that} is {X} and old-fashioned word for that? 303: {NW} I guess {NS} Now let me buy some {X} Interviewer: okay you wouldn't say do some trading would you? 303: oh I yes somes some of 'em put it thataway {NW} I might go to town do some trading Interviewer: mm-hmm okay say say you bought something in the store keeper took out a piece of paper and what it up 303: well he put I don't know how to rhyme that Interviewer: okay say you know if you buy some meat you're gonna have to slice some meat for you 303: uh yeah slice it for me Interviewer: and then then he he #1 put # 303: #2 put # Interviewer: the paper he 303: puts the paper around it Interviewer: okay or he 303: wraps it up Interviewer: okay um so you say um he took out the paper and he what it out he 303: he laid the meat in it wrapped it up Interviewer: okay and when I got home with the package I um 303: unfolded the wrap Interviewer: uh-huh and so {X} into it you 303: uh put in it the Interviewer: yeah when you when you wanna get the meat out then you have to 303: uh thaw it up Interviewer: uh-huh he he wrapped it up when you get home you 303: you know, you take it out Interviewer: or you {NS} what 'un- 303: unwrap it Interviewer: okay um if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say I had to sell it at a 303: well I had to sell the {X} I didn't get what I wanted to when I sold it Interviewer: mm-kay um or to say I had to sell it at a 303: at a at a {D: deer fry} Interviewer: yeah {X} 303: {NS} {NS} {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: okay um Say you you wanna buy something but it's too expensive you'd say well I like it but it what 303: just too high for me to buy Interviewer: or it what too much it 303: it's way Interviewer: it co- 303: cost lit- too much Interviewer: okay When it's time to pay the bills you say the bill is 303: it's time to pay the bill off Interviewer: mm 303: today Interviewer: yeah on the first of the month the bill is 303: to be paid off Interviewer: okay if you belong to a club you have to pay your 303: salary Interviewer: or your is there another name for that? 303: yes it's another but I can't call it Interviewer: what about dues or dues {C: pronunciation} 303: uh uh dues Interviewer: okay So they tell you on the first of the month the bill is 303: forty dollars Interviewer: okay um if you don't have any money you might go to a friend a try to 303: borrow some Interviewer: okay you say in the thirties money was 303: hmm? Interviewer: in the nineteen thirties money was 303: scarce Interviewer: okay Said he ran down the springboard and what into the water 303: he sprung into the water Interviewer: or he you know goes head first he 303: oh he he flipped in the water or or he sprung into the water Interviewer: okay what about using the word dive? 303: dived into the water {C: tape skips} Interviewer: okay say nine or ten children have already {C:tape error} what into the water already 303: {NW} dived Interviewer: mm-kay but I was too scared to 303: to make it Interviewer: to what into the water 303: to make a dive into the water Interviewer: okay When you dive in and hit the water flat on your stomach you call that a 303: belly bust Interviewer: okay um and {D: Jock} puts head down on the ground and turns a 303: {D: a backie} Interviewer: yeah he turns a a som- 303: a somersault Interviewer: okay um and you say he he dived into the water and he what across the lake 303: dived into the water Interviewer: yeah and then he what across the river he 303: he swim across the river Interviewer: okay um I have what in that creek before I have 303: I have been in it Interviewer: or um I have {NW} 303: {C: tape error} Interviewer: {X} 303: {C: tape error} Interviewer: What's that? 303: I have swimmed in the creek uh Interviewer: okay 303: thing before Interviewer: um say children like to what in the creek children like to 303: like to dive Interviewer: and 303: and uh swim Interviewer: okay um {NS} you say um someone didn't know how to swim you'd say that he was 303: {NW} he he got to learn he don't know how Interviewer: yeah what might happen to him if he can't swim 303: he might drown Interviewer: okay you say he couldn't swim and he got he couldn't swim 303: {NW} and he got drowned Interviewer: okay you say um so he went down for the third time you'd say that he 303: got his last time Interviewer: yeah and what happened to him? you say he 303: drowned Interviewer: okay What does a baby do before it can walk? 303: it crawls Interviewer: okay um you say that'd be a hard mountain to 303: hard mountain Interviewer: hard mountain to 303: climb Interviewer: okay but my neighbor what it last year my neighbor 303: my neighbor climbed the mountain Interviewer: okay but I had never 303: tr- never climbed it Interviewer: okay um okay if um you say she walked up to the alter and she what down 303: the head down Interviewer: yeah she gets down on her knees you say she 303: prayed Interviewer: yeah you say she walked up to the author and she 303: prayed Interviewer: yeah but to get down on the knees you say she 303: {X} stoop Interviewer: okay would you say she knelt down or kneeled down or 303: kneeled down or {D: hunched} down Interviewer: mm-kay um 303: {NW} Interviewer: say if you were very tired you'd say I think I'll go 303: and lay down Interviewer: okay you say he was really sick he just what in bed all day he just 303: he he's very sick Interviewer: yeah 303: and he laid down Interviewer: okay talk about things that you see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 303: dreamed of Interviewer: okay but often when I go to sleep I 303: dreamed of something Interviewer: okay but I usually can't remember what I have 303: some times dream Interviewer: okay I usually can't remember what I have 303: #1 seen # Interviewer: #2 or # or what I have 303: seen Interviewer: or dr- what I have dr- 303: dreamt of Interviewer: okay you said I dreamed I was falling but just when I was fixing to hit the ground I 303: {X} awake Interviewer: uh-huh 303: it it it {X} awake Interviewer: okay um 303: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay if you bring it # huh? 303: oh I was fixing to say uh uh I won't say it that's alright uh Interviewer: but what 303: I can't say the other part Interviewer: what were you- 303: the other part I can't say it that's far as I can go at this time Interviewer: okay um say if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you what the floor 303: made a pattern Interviewer: yeah or now you bring your foot down heavy you 303: oh flat on the floor Interviewer: uh-huh would you say you sto- 303: stomp the floor Interviewer: okay um if a boy saw a girl at church and wanted to go home with her he would ask her may I- what you home 303: Can I help you coming? Interviewer: okay may I 303: walk you home Interviewer: Okay what if he had a car? 303: oh he can uh drive you home Interviewer: okay um to get something to come towards you you take hold of it and 303: oh uh you got me stumped on that Interviewer: okay um take hold of this and 303: pull? Interviewer: and the other word would be? 303: {D: pull} Interviewer: and if I wanted it away from me I'd 303: push it Interviewer: okay um say you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say I just picked up the groceries and I 303: um in my arms Interviewer: And I what 303: walked away Interviewer: okay would you say you might say I carried 'em 303: #1 or # Interviewer: #2 I # 303: carried it #1 or # Interviewer: #2 I- I- # 303: I towed it Interviewer: okay um you might tell a child now that stove is really hot so 303: if that stove is hot now watch you might get burned Interviewer: yeah or don't don't you 303: play around the stove Interviewer: you you tell him don't don't you 303: touch that stuff Interviewer: okay um say if you if you needed a hammer you might tell someone go what me the hammer go 303: hammer Interviewer: yeah go in there and 303: get me a hammer Interviewer: okay um you know playing hide and seek children have maybe a a tree that they can touch and be safe 303: yeah Interviewer: they'd call that the 303: the base Interviewer: okay um what about in football the things that they run toward they call those the 303: the basket Interviewer: okay but football 303: oh Interviewer: the go- 303: I don't know much about that I couldn't tell you Interviewer: okay um you throw a ball and ask somebody to 303: catch it Interviewer: okay so you say I threw the ball and he 303: he caught it Interviewer: okay you say I've been fishing all day but I still haven't 303: haven't caught none Interviewer: okay you say there's no need for you to hurry I'll wait I'll wait 303: no matter {NS} {X} Interviewer: okay you say there's no need for you to hurry if I get there first I'll I'll wait 303: I'll wait for you Interviewer: okay um say if you were about to fire a man that was working for you cuz he hasn't done much work he might say um well don't fire me just give me another 303: another chance Interviewer: okay and if a man was in a real good mood you'd say that he was in a very good 303: uh that's the best I have Interviewer: okay he's in a very good 303: mood Interviewer: okay um you say well we've got termites but I'm sure they exterminating company will get 303: will get to it Interviewer: or will get what of them will get 303: uh spray 'em out Interviewer: #1 yeah # 303: #2 uh # Interviewer: and get get sh- 303: #1 get shed of 'em # Interviewer: #2 shed # or get rid of 'em 303: or get rid of 'em Interviewer: okay um say if a boy left his left his pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there he'd ask I bet you say I bet somebody 303: {NW} took it or stole it Interviewer: okay any other word you might use? 303: s- somebody else might have borrowed it Interviewer: okay um {NS} you say I'd forgotten about that but now I 303: {NW} I thought of it Interviewer: okay um you'd say um I had just what him a letter 303: I had just got a letter from uh my sister Interviewer: okay she she what me a letter she 303: she used a well Interviewer: uh-huh say I had just what 303: received the letter from Interviewer: okay um you say tomorrow I'll what her a letter 303: I'll {D: pencil} her a letter Interviewer: okay or okay what about write a letter? 303: or either write her a letter Interviewer: okay you say I have just what her a letter I've just 303: I've just wroten her a letter Interviewer: okay and you say um yester- yesterday I what her a letter 303: yesterday I I don't think I remember today Interviewer: okay you say she what me a letter 303: sh- she mailed me a letter Interviewer: okay what about using the word write she 303: she wrote me a letter I wrote her I write me a letter Interviewer: okay you say um I wrote here and it's time I was getting a 303: getting {X} Interviewer: getting a you said I expect to get a 303: a an answer Interviewer: okay you put the letter in the envelope then you take out your pen and you what a letter 303: seal the letter Interviewer: okay and then when you write her yo- you take out the put the letter in the envelope then you seal the envelope then you turn the envelope over and you what 303: stamp Interviewer: okay or you you say you back the letter 303: I back the letter Interviewer: okay is there any other word people might use for that? 303: {NW} yes there's another one but I'm stumped on it Interviewer: okay you say um I was gonna write her but I didn't know her 303: her address Interviewer: okay would you talk about then you'd put the letter in the envelope and you would 303: seal it up Interviewer: do you say you address it or address it or 303: I address it I reckon {NS} Interviewer: okay um if a child had just learned something new um say he learned to whistle you want to know where he learned it you'd ask him who 303: he said I learned from my friends sch- school Interviewer: okay um or you might ask him though who what you that who 303: who who what Interviewer: who was it that 303: it it uh learned you Interviewer: okay um what'll a child what does a child call another child that's always running and telling on them 303: {NW} when I telling on uh Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} you call a child like that a 303: child uh you got me blocked on that Interviewer: yeah say um say there's a group of children and there's always one child that will go tell on the others 303: yeah Interviewer: they call him a 303: tattler Interviewer: okay do you use that word about adults? 303: no Interviewer: uh-huh would you say that grown-ups are tattlers 303: yes Interviewer: okay say if you were to brighten up your room for a party you got out to the garden and 303: get some flowers Interviewer: okay um something that a child plays with you'd call that a 303: toy Interviewer: okay um what about play pretty? 303: uh play pretty of all types {NW} a play pretty {X} {NS} {D: and I} came down right over there Interviewer: mm-kay say something you didn't expect for something bad to happen like say a child was walking along the top of a fence and you expected him to fall off 303: mm Interviewer: and you'd been telling people he was gonna fall off 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: and um and someone came in and told you that he had fallen off you'd say I just 303: I just remind him of that I've told him Interviewer: uh-huh or I just would you say I just knowed? 303: I just knowed he it would happen thataway Interviewer: okay you say that's the book that you what me for Christmas? 303: oh you got me posed on that Interviewer: okay what do you do at Christmas? 303: well {D: you go to} plays p- lights Interviewer: uh-huh 303: trees Interviewer: do you have presents? 303: n- and presents {D: it's a big deal} Interviewer: to be what? 303: present be given out Interviewer: uh-huh okay so you say that's the present that you what me for Christmas? th- that you 303: that you bought me for for Christmas Interviewer: and then you what it to me then you 303: I received it Interviewer: uh-huh because you what it to me for Christmas 303: because you sent it to me or brought it to me or gave it to me Interviewer: okay um you say I'm glad I carry my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it what to rain 303: rain Interviewer: when it {NS} 303: when it let's see I believe I'm blocked on that Interviewer: okay say um you say I'm glad I carried my umbrella 303: um Interviewer: cuz we hadn't gone half a block when it 303: started to rain Interviewer: okay um or another word you might use for that you'd say um when it the 303: {NW} Interviewer: when it be- 303: begin to rain Interviewer: okay and you asked someone what time does the movie 303: that starts at eight o'clock Interviewer: okay what it what time does the movie beg- begi- 303: {NW} {NW} it begins at eight o'clock the movie Interviewer: okay or you might say well it must've already 303: been over Interviewer: or it must've already be- 303: begun Interviewer: okay um you say horses gallop but people 303: uh horses gallop but people walk Interviewer: or faster than that they? you say go real fast they 303: fast Interviewer: the ru- 303: run fast Interviewer: okay you say I was feeling so good that I what all the way home 303: {X} Interviewer: using the word run you say I 303: run Interviewer: I was feeling so good that I 303: run I reckon what it is Interviewer: okay you say they have what a mile every day this week 303: uh I've got to skip that I can't answer that Interviewer: okay if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he 303: where were you born at Interviewer: oh or where does he what from 303: where do he live? or where did he come from Interviewer: okay and you say he what in on the train last night he 303: he come up on the train last night Interviewer: okay you say he has what to this town 303: he's a stranger in this town Interviewer: or he has he has just what in this town 303: just uh Interviewer: he has what through this trow- town on the train he has 303: he has came to this town Interviewer: okay you okay tell about the word see you would say I what her outside a few minutes ago 303: {NW} {NW} I can't unravel that {D: think there was} sunshine Interviewer: uh-huh using the word see 303: see Interviewer: uh-huh you would say I 303: seen the sunshine Interviewer: okay um now you say I hope to what you again soon I hope to 303: I hope to see Interviewer: okay 303: better Interviewer: um you say we have what so little of you this year we have {NS} 303: {NW} Interviewer: using the word see say we have 303: seen a lot this year Interviewer: okay you say you can't get in through there because the {D: holiday part was got} their machines out and the road's all all tor- 303: tore up Interviewer: okay um you get somebody a bracelet and you wanna see how it looks on her so you tell her well why don't you just go ahead and 303: and wear it Interviewer: or what it on go ahead and 303: put it on Interviewer: okay and tell me about the word do you'd say yesterday my sister what that 303: my sister come to see me yesterday #1 or something like that # Interviewer: #2 okay # using the word do you might ask someone can you what that can you 303: Can you do this? Interviewer: and say um yesterday my sister {NS} what that 303: {D: she didn't} {D: say nothing} Interviewer: or you say can you do that and you say um my sister what that yesterday my sister 303: uh you got me puzzled Interviewer: okay and you might say sure someone asks you can you do that and you say sure I what that all my life 303: {X} that's what you'd say I reckon Interviewer: you'd say what? sure I 303: sure I can do it Interviewer: or I have 303: done that before Interviewer: okay and you say can your sister do that and you say she 303: no she can't do it Interviewer: okay um okay you might say um I don't smoke but he I don't smoke cigars but he 303: bu- but my my father did Interviewer: okay um say I might ask you what's new and you might just shrug your shoulders and shake your head and say oh 303: uh I know what's what's anything new Interviewer: okay um say that if we were just sitting here and neither one of us was saying anything and all of a sudden I ask what did you say you might say well I didn't say 303: I didn't say nothing Interviewer: okay now say oh I thought you said 303: something Interviewer: okay um say if I ask you how long you've lived here you might say well I what lived here 303: two or three years Interviewer: or I've al- 303: huh? Interviewer: you say I've lived here all my life 303: #1 oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 I've I've # 303: I've lived here all my life Interviewer: or I've al- 303: always Interviewer: okay 303: {D: my daughter} Interviewer: what? 303: Are you {D: the dog?} I I can't just word I can't explain Interviewer: what what's that word again? 303: oh uh it's just it means oh uh this is the only place I {D: in the future that} I like to live Interviewer: uh-huh 303: but see it's uh word that I can't speak it out Interviewer: what's what was that word again though? al- 303: {X} yeah Interviewer: uh-huh 303: they'd always {X} yeah that's what Interviewer: uh-huh 303: what it mean but I didn't exactly explain it right how it oughta be just {X} Interviewer: okay um you said well I've been living here ever what I got married ever 303: ever since I got married Interviewer: okay you say um now that wasn't an accident he did that he meant to do that he did it 303: by accident Interviewer: no say it wasn't an accident 303: it wasn't an accident Interviewer: or if it wasn't an accident you'd say he did it 303: on purpose Interviewer: okay um you'd said say um there's something that say well I think this is what happened but I'm not 303: sure Interviewer: okay um you say well I don't know that would you say I don't know that for sure 303: I don't know it for sure Interviewer: or would you s- okay or w- now does this which sounds right to you to say um I'm not sure or I'm not for sure how do you 303: I'm not for sure Interviewer: does that sound okay? 303: certainly {D: maybe} Interviewer: okay um say you had a question you'd say Well I don't know the answer to your question you'd better go what somebody else 303: you'd better go ask somebody else Interviewer: okay {X} So I went and what him? 303: I went and asked him Interviewer: and you say well he's already what me that 303: no Interviewer: you've already 303: I'm stumped right there Interviewer: Or say you're the second person who's 303: that asked me that Interviewer: okay um you say children those little boys like to what each other like to 303: might hurt one another Interviewer: or they like to 303: they like to play with one another Interviewer: or like to fi- 303: they like to fight Interviewer: okay you say every time they left they 303: you always gotta fight Interviewer: or they 303: uh Interviewer: okay you say they have what ever since they were small 303: they have done that Interviewer: they 303: ever since they was children Interviewer: they've done what they've 303: {X} {D: not fighting} Interviewer: okay say if you say he 303: he Interviewer: what her with a big knife he 303: he {NS} s- {D: swarted her} with a big knife Interviewer: {X} {NW} 303: {X} Interviewer: or stu- 303: or stuck her Interviewer: What about {D: stabbed or stomped} 303: uh {D: stomp} {X} {D: stabbed} {NS} st- stabs {X} Interviewer: {D: stabs seems more} {NS} 303: startled Interviewer: you say then he what {D: out the blade} then he 303: sta- sta- Interviewer: using the word draw then he 303: and then he drawed it out Interviewer: You were gonna lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: what it up 303: you pull it or draw it out Interviewer: okay but use the word hoist or hoist? {C: pronunciation} {NS} up on the roof 303: #1 hoist # Interviewer: #2 # 303: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 you might use pull it # 303: #1 # Interviewer: #2 or # 303: #1 hors- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: #1 hoist it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 {D: what in a} # Which word sounds more familiar? 303: hoist {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: okay um okay Could you start counting slowly? {NS} {NW} Could you start counting? okay 303: slow {NS} {D: a woman} Interviewer: {D: the other way} 303: {D: I reckon} Is that what you want? Interviewer: Yeah start counting 303: one two {D: slow} Interviewer: yeah 303: three four by one? #1 five # Interviewer: #2 yes # 303: six alright seven eight that what you want? nine ten eleven {C: tape error twelve {NS} thirteen {NS} fourteen Interviewer: okay and the number after nineteen is? 303: {X} twenty Interviewer: and the number after twenty? uh twenty-six is {X} 303: twenty-seven Interviewer: and after twenty-nine? {NS} 303: thirty Interviewer: and after thirty-nine {NS} 303: forty Interviewer: and after sixty-nine is {NS} 303: seventy Interviewer: and after ninety-nine {NS} 303: hundred {NS} Interviewer: and then after nine hundred and ninety-nine 303: I'm getting lost now {NS} Interviewer: How much {X} How much m- money did you say 303: hundred Interviewer: say {NS} was stolen from you is it something like seven hundred and fifty dollars? 303: seven hundred and fifty dollars Interviewer: but that was nearer if it had been two hundred fifty more dollars you would have {C: tape error} {NS} 303: one thousand{C: tape error} Interviewer: um {C: tape error} and if you were real rich {C: tape error} you might say that you have {C: tape error} one {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} what dollars {C: tape error} one {C: tape error} 303: one million {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay {C: tape error} um {C: tape error} now suppose you had a {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} a line of men {C: tape error} and {C: tape error} standing somewhere {C: tape error} all lined up {C: tape error} 303: mm {C: tape error} Interviewer: Say there were eleven men in the line {C: tape error} the man at the back of the line would be the eleventh {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} okay the man at the {C: tape error} {D: line of the line} {C: tape error} would be the {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} not the eleventh {C: tape error} he'd be the {C: tape error} 303: twelfth{C: tape error} Interviewer: but he'd be {C: tape error} number one {C: tape error} he'd be the {C: tape error} 303: number uh {C: tape error} {X} {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um {C: tape error} okay the man in front of the eleventh man would be {C: tape error} 303: twelfth {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay but he'd be number what? he'd be the 303: {NS} the man in the front {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay what {C: tape error} suppose you go to school {C: tape error} t- {C: tape error} um {C: tape error} {C: tape error} the grade that you go into {C: tape error} {C: tape error} from kindergarten is the {C: tape error} {C: tape error} which grade?{C: tape error} 303: uh {C: overlap with tapeover} {NS} first grade {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay then you go into the {C: tape error} 303: second {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay keep going second and 303: third Interviewer: good keep going 303: fourth fifth sixth seventh and the eighth Interviewer: okay {C: tape error} what would you go to after that? {C: tape error} {C: tape error} 303: {C: tape error} {D: college} Interviewer: okay or that would be the 303: ninth okay keep going {NS} tenth Interviewer: okay um {X} {NS} say sometimes you feel your good luck comes just a little at a time {X} {C: overlap with tapeover} 303: {NS} all the time {C: tape error} Interviewer: or all {NS} all 303: {D: all but} one Interviewer: okay If you said something {D: two terms} {C: overlap with tapeover} 303: twice {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay {C: tape error} and would you name the months of the year? {C: tape error} {NS} {NS} 303: the months of the year Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 303: I don't know exactly {D: what} what you mean Interviewer: okay what month is the {C: tape error} alright {C: tape error} just okay{C: tape error} s- you start off Jan- 303: January you're starting with January Interviewer: okay and keep going 303: February March April {X} {C: tape error} May{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} June {C: tape error} July{C: tape error} August{C: tape error} September{C: tape error} October{C: tape error} November{C: tape error} December{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay {C: tape error} And the days of the week? {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} 303: Monday {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} Sunday- Monday {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} Tuesday {C: tape error} Wednesday {C: tape error} Thursday {C: tape error} Friday {C: tape error} Saturday {C: tape error} Sunday {C: tape error} Interviewer: mm-kay {C: tape error} What does Sabbath mean? {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} 303: that means {C: tape error} {D: Sabbath's the name of it} {C: tape error} Interviewer: mm-hmm {C: tape error} 303: {NS} {C: tape error} it's the day {C: tape error} {C: tape error} the day that Christ raised the earth up {C: tape error} Interviewer: mm-kay {C: tape error} um {C: tape error} when you meet someone during the early part of the day {C: tape error} {C: tape error} What do you say as a greeting? {C: tape error} {C: tape error} 303: uh {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} good evening or good morning {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay what {C: tape error} What's it mean when you say good evening? {C: tape error} 303: {X}{C: tape error} Interviewer: um{C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} Do you ever say good day to people? {C: tape error} 303: uh{C: tape error} yes ma'am{C: tape error} {X}{C: tape error} good day{C: tape error} Interviewer: When do you say that?{C: tape error} 303: uh that's uh{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} during the day{C: tape error} Interviewer: you say it when you meet them or when you're leaving? {NS}{C: tape error} 303: uh{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} I saying when I'm leaving{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} good day to you{C: tape error} {NW} Interviewer: okay{C: tape error} um{C: tape error} {NS} What do you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving someone's house at night {NS}{C: tape error} 303: well{C: tape error} good day to you good good evening to y'all Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} is that what you say at night?{C: tape error} 303: yes ma'am{C: tape error} {D: that's night} Interviewer: okay 303: {X} {D: either} {X} night {NS} if it is night {D: course you would be night} {NS}{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um {NS} If you had to start work before daylight you'd say we started to work before 303: before daylight Interviewer: but before su- 303: before sunrise Interviewer: okay and we worked until 303: eight o'clock that night Interviewer: or 'til sun-{C: tape error} 303: or 'til the {C: tape error} sunrise{C: tape error} Interviewer: huh? 303: or you work 'til the sunrise Interviewer: and what was his{C: tape error} he worked until the sun{C: tape error} 303: rise {C: tape error} Interviewer: what's {C: tape error} what do you mean huh? {C: tape error} 303: that means {C: tape error} that I I I worked {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} that night {C: tape error} until the sun rose the next morning {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay so sunrise and sunup are the same thing? {NS} 303: sunrise and sunup means Interviewer: okay um you say {NS} um {NS} we were a littler late because when we got out in the field the sun had already 303: got hot Interviewer: but the sun had already 303: already been up Interviewer: okay but using the word rise you'd say the sun had already {NS} 303: risen {C: tape error} {NS} Interviewer: um you say this morning I saw the sun {C: tape error} 303: coming up {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay {C: tape error} {NS} {C: tape error} say {C: tape error} if you worked until the sun went out of sight {C: tape error} you'd say we worked until {C: tape error} 303: sundown {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay {C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} um{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} you say{C: tape error} Thursday's today{C: tape error} so Wednesday was{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} 303: Thurs- day when {D: would be what} Interviewer: Wednesday was {NS}{C: tape error} 303: it would be {X} {X} {D: can't unravel that} Interviewer: okay um you say um {NS}{C: tape error} um I came over here when when was I over here last {NS} 303: uh you say I was over here last Friday Interviewer: okay or when when was I over here last {NS} I was over here when {NS} {NW} 303: {X} Interviewer: okay you say {NS} said Thursday's today 303: yeah Interviewer: Wednesday wasn't today Wednesday was 303: was yester- day Interviewer: okay and Friday will be {NS} 303: the next day{C: tape error} Interviewer: {C: tape error}what day? 303: {D: uh Tuesday} uh {C: tape error} uh tomorrow {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay if somebody came here on Sunday {NS} okay say the last Sunday that- not the last Sunday you came here a week earlier than last Sunday you'd say he came here 303: the week before last Interviewer: okay{C: tape error} um{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} okay if someone's gonna leave here{C: tape error} {C: tape error} a week beyond {C: tape error} next Sunday{C: tape error} you'd say he was gonna leave here{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} 303: next Sunday Interviewer: uh no not next Sunday a week beyond that {C: tape error} the Sunday after that{C: tape error} {C: tape error} 303: I don't wanna tell it{C: tape error} but I can't recall it{C: tape error} Interviewer: do you use the expression Sunday week or{C: tape error} 303: Sunday week{C: tape error} Interviewer: yeah what does that mean?{C: tape error} 303: that's mean the week beyond next next Sunday{C: tape error} Interviewer: a week ago next Sunday? a it's in the future {NS}{C: tape error} 303: {X}{C: tape error} Interviewer: whe-{C: tape error} when is Sunday week?{C: tape error} 303: that's {C: tape error} week after the next{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um if someone stays from the first until the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about {C: tape error} 303: about three weeks Interviewer: okay um {NS} if you wanted to know the time of day you'd ask somebody 303: I'd ask 'em oh what time of day is it Interviewer: {NS} okay um {C: tape error} and um if you wanted to {X} see what time it was you might look at your 303: watch Interviewer: okay if it was midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say it was{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} 303: midway between what Interviewer: seven o'clock and eight o'clock {C: tape error} 303: it'd be quarter to eight I'd reckon Interviewer: okay but um {NS} it's not a quarter 'til eight it's um it's just ha- 303: half Interviewer: half what 303: half past {NS}{C: tape error} seven Interviewer: okay{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} um {C: tape error} you've been doing something for a long time {C: tape error} you might say {C: tape error} I've been doing that for quite a {C: tape error} 303: while{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay you might say nineteen seventy-two was last year nineteen seventy-three is {NS}{C: tape error} 303: is this year Interviewer: okay if a child has his third birthday{C: tape error} you say that he was {C: tape error} 303: three years old{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay{C: tape error} and something happened on this date last year{C: tape error} you'd say happiest {X}{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} 303: {NW}{C: tape error} {D: ten times a day}{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} {X}{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay and it happened exactly how long ago 303: year ago{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay you look up at the sky and say I don't the looks of those black 303: clouds{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay and on a day where the sun shines how would you describe a day like this? 303: pleasant{C: tape error} Interviewer: mm-kay any other words? 303: beautiful{C: tape error} day{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay and on a day when it's the sky is covered with clouds and {NS} 303: {NW} call that a {NS} gloomy day{NS} cloudy{NS} or a cloudy day {NS} Interviewer: you call that a 303: gloomy day Interviewer: okay and if it had been fair and then clouds come in you expect it to rain or snow 303: mm Interviewer: real soon you'd say that 303: {X}{NS} looks like {NS} {D: snowing}{NS} Interviewer: okay or that the weather was 303: {NS} was unfair{C: tape error} {NS} Interviewer: unfair? {NS} 303: mm unfair{C: tape error} Interviewer: What do you mean unfair? 303: Why{C: tape error} {X}{C: tape error} {D: looks like snow}{C: tape error} more snow or rain{C: tape error} and uh{C: tape error} turning cold{C: tape error} Interviewer: mm-kay um and if it had been cloudy did the clouds go away? sun comes out you say it looks like it's gonna 303: fair{C: tape error} it won't snow or rain{C: tape error} Interviewer: and um and uh What do you call a heavy rain that lasts just a little while? 303: call it a shower{C: tape error} a big shower{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay if it's real heavy 303: call that a {NS} a water spout Interviewer: What do you call a water spout that lasts just a little while? what's 303: water {X} be a cloud burst Interviewer: okay {C: tape error} 303: and uh when it rains {D: ahead of it} all at once we call it a water spout some would call it a {C: tape error} a cloud burst water {NS} Interviewer: Have you ever heard {X} that has um thunder and lightning in it? 303: {NW} why I call that a {NS}{C: tape error} uh{C: tape error} {NS} I can't recall what {C: tape error} I know what it is but I can't recall it{C: tape error} Interviewer: Would you call it a storm or a 303: Storm{C: tape error} storm or either{C: tape error} {NS} uh heavy wind or either tornado {NS} or either cyclone{C: tape error} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} okay say all night long the wind 303: blowed Interviewer: okay um you say {NS} um that was pretty bad last night but the wind has what even harder than that before the wind has 303: ceased{C: tape error} Interviewer: or the wind has 303: has blowed hard{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um you say it started to rain and the wind began to 303: pick up Interviewer: or the wind began to 303: blow{C: tape error} {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um {NS} and um okay you say the wind began to pick up 303: oh Interviewer: {D: their budgets} it's just the opposite the wind was getting weaker 303: we call those ceasting Interviewer: okay um and on a day in the Fall when you first go outdoors its it's kind of cold but not real cold you'd say that it was 303: #1 get- # Interviewer: #2 get- # 303: getting mighty chilly Interviewer: okay um what do you call a okay um what do you call a a wind from this direction 303: South{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay you say the wind is 303: in the south Interviewer: okay um and wind halfway between south and west you'd call a 303: Southwest{C: tape error} you'd call it a {C: tape error} Southwest wind or{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay What about halfway between south and east? 303: it's called a{C: tape error} {X}{C: tape error} {NS}{C: tape error} East{C: tape error} east-south wind{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay what about halfway between east and north? 303: {NW} call it a northeast wind {C: tape error} Interviewer: okay and between west and north 303: the west north wind{C: tape error} the west-north wind Interviewer: okay if it had been raining but not raining very hard you'd say that you you just had a 303: shower Interviewer: okay what about even less than that 303: had sprinkled{NW} Interviewer: okay what about even less with real fine drops coming down 303: {NW} sort of a{C: tape error} a sizzle{C: tape error} Interviewer: a sizzle? 303: a sizzle{C: tape error} of rain{C: tape error} Interviewer: mm-kay um what if you go outside and you can't even see across the street you'd say that you have 303: mighty{C: tape error} foggy this morning Interviewer: okay what did you have? there was a big 303: fog{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you say you're having a 303: dry spell Interviewer: {NS} okay or another word for that? a a dro- 303: uh {D: I know what it be called} {NS} drought{C: tape error} {NS} drought{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um if it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a 303: frost Interviewer: okay um and you say or last night the lake 303: froze over{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay and you say it had already before I got there it had already 303: froze{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay and you say if it gets much colder the lake might 303: freeze over Interviewer: okay um how about how high the roofs are you'd say this roof is about 303: uh I don't know exactly{C: tape error} Interviewer: say about ten 303: ten to twelve{C: tape error} {C: tape error} twelve or sixteen{C: tape error} Interviewer: or how how the heighth of it you'd say it's about ten 303: mm about ten Interviewer: ten what? 303: uh ten{C: tape error} ten feet{C: tape error} {NS} Interviewer: okay um what do you call the room like this where you have chairs and where the company would sit and so forth 303: we call that the si-{C: tape error} sitting room{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um say if you're say well you can give him his choice of these two things but you don't tell him that he what care which one you think you give him that he just 303: uh {NW} {X} {NS} {X} Interviewer: say you give him a choice of two things it doesn't make any difference to him you say that he's 303: he's uh he's {X} {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: okay but yous- he'll tell you he care which one you give him 303: well then I'd say{C: tape error} well it don't make no difference to me if you want that {X} Interviewer: okay um you say it doesn't make any difference to me I'll take 303: {D: take this one} Interviewer: or I- I'll take one I'll take 303: the the one to {C: tape error} started with{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay someone says do you want this one or that one and you say oh just give me 303: this one Interviewer: okay I'll take 303: take that{C: tape error} Interviewer: okay um say if someone gives you a both things are are bad you say oh I don't want {D: them back} oh would you say I don't want either one or either one {C: pronunciation} 303: I don't want either one Interviewer: okay {NS} Interviewer: {NS} {NW} Okay um your full name 303: Mr. {B} Interviewer: How do you spell that last name {B} 303: {B} S-P-R-L-I-N-D #1 Sprlind # Interviewer: #2 Okay # um and your address? 303: {B} {B} {NS} {B} Interviewer: and {NS} Um this county 303: yes Interviewer: okay they're the same? 303: yes state Interviewer: uh-huh cause 303: {D: Wilkie} {NW} Interviewer: okay um #1 and um # 303: #2 wh- # Interviewer: huh? 303: of water Interviewer: Okay and where were you born again? 303: I was born in in Wilson-Portervilleson County on the line called {D: barrack} base white people black back in the hall Interviewer: uh-huh 303: six may often speak Interviewer: The trials were where? 303: Statesville S-T-A- Interviewer: Yeah Statesville 303: Statesville Interviewer: Okay and what did you say that was called the-? 303: the {D:barrack hall} Interviewer: the bear? 303: {D: holler} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: the barrack back in the corner back in that at that time Interviewer: uh-huh 303: like the {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay and How old are you? 303: I'm coming {D:I'm sixty-nine} hmm seventy-eight or am I eighty? seventy-nine Interviewer: mm-kay and what work have you done? 303: I farm most of the time Interviewer: mm-hmm anything else? 303: well I raise corn and {D: care 'em} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 303: and hogs Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: turkeys bunch of turkeys Interviewer: okay 303: about th- thirty or forty is the turkeys and about a hundred chicken Interviewer: uh-huh okay um What church do you go to? 303: mm what church? Baptist Interviewer: okay and um How far did you get in school? 303: well just tell you the truth I just went three days through my life I can read a little and write a little and figure a little three days {D: he was going} {NS} on on helped helped him {X} a pretty good family Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and I hard out at at uh twenty-five cents a week Interviewer: yeah 303: that's when I hard out for Interviewer: yeah it's just for people just for people around this county? 303: um no and Statesville Interviewer: Statesville? 303: who I hard out at Interviewer: uh-huh 303: I was living there then Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: I done list the very place {NS} and uh help us work the little children's homes about ten of us Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh then at the gr- grown {D: Thomas} working Mr. J-J Joe a white person another one uh {X} and a quarter a day when I was ten {X} gonna live a little 'til I got a little older {X} a little {X} more at dinner Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and that's anything else Interviewer: You stopped around his farm? 303: I did Interviewer: You used to help him around his farm? 303: yes ma'am yes ma'am I helped him way h- he raised corn Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: hogs and cattle but I just gonna {D: sharecrop} work there ten to they wouldn't mind that time Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: {X} when I bought the neighbor buying their farm while the I guess you got that first uh that damn thingy Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah it's down I don't have to write all this down 303: oh alright then Interviewer: um {NS} okay so tell me {NS} about um {NS} see have you ever been active in church or active in any clubs or done like travel 303: no I have not done too much traveling I've been out of state two or three times down in the little North Kentucky Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh uh I call it North {NS} for the in-house state Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} okay and um {NS} 303: I worked in the coal mine four years in Kentucky {D: Irvington} Kentucky I worked there four years under the ground {D: I worked} nine miles under the ground I got started {D: but then I got scared} I quit Interviewer: mm-hmm How old were you then? 303: I was about twenty-five year old Interviewer: mm-hmm Where in Kentucky was that? 303: {D: Irvington} Kentucky Interviewer: Ir- 303: {D: Irvington} Kentucky {D: Irving-} {NS} Interviewer: okay um Tell me a little about your parents Where were they born in? 303: well my wife oh you you talking about my parents now uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: my parents I was born in uh {NS} not Smithville but down towards Smithville I would say what do they call it {NS} my mother was b- born in Statesville of course she was born and my daddy was born in a different place {NW} I can't even think of the place where he was born Interviewer: Where was it close to? 303: it was close to uh {D: Smack Mound} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: no I I'll tell you about where he was born the place be called Let's see what is it not Woodbury uh I can't think of it right now {NW} {X} It's this side of {D: Micmineral} but I can't think of the place wh- what they called it Interviewer: Do you know which county it was in? 303: No Not for sure I don't know where the {X} in Bedford County and uh {NS} this side of Woodbury {D: dad had called} sm- Liberty #1 yeah Liberty # Interviewer: #2 liberty? # 303: Liberty He was born down in Liberty Interviewer: okay 303: Liberty Liberty Tennessee Interviewer: yeah and How far in school did your mother get? 303: My mother? Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: well she got in about third or fourth grade Interviewer: mm-hmm What about your father? 303: about the same thing {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay Now what work did they do? 303: Well my mother {NS} uh washed for white people and uh ironed and clean up Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and sewed for 'em sewed sewed {X} clothes made clothes for the white people colored too and {NS} Interviewer: What about your father? 303: well uh {NW} he didn't he didn't do much he he was he was a fellow wasn't afraid of nobody he Interviewer: Who wouldn't what? 303: h- he he felt he's too good to work Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and eh course he stayed at home that's why u- us children put out the work you know cooking together big and uh course he did keep the family going like you ought to Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and so I saw why he stayed and everything Interviewer: okay now now Could you tell me a little bit about your mother's parents? Where they were born What work they did and so forth 303: W- Well my mo- mother {D: turned} uh born in I believe heard they was born in Smiths- Smiths County Interviewer: mm-hmm What about her mother? 303: I think she come from same place Interviewer: okay Did they get any education? 303: why n- no the amount of anything they got hi- high as about third or fourth grade Interviewer: okay 303: ju- just three months schooling and then {NS} they uh then {X} no more so almost through was three months school Interviewer: mm-hmm or hmm? 303: huh? Interviewer: Were you gonna say something? 303: I had uh just three months school #1 when I come up # Interviewer: #2 yeah I he- # 303: that's all they had mm like {NW} {NS} they just had three months yeah we Interviewer: yeah what um what work did they do? {NS} 303: my mo- my mo- my daddy Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah or 303: or my mother? Interviewer: the the grandparents 303: oh uh Interviewer: your mother's parents 303: oh yeah well {NS} they {NS} they di- done the same thing my mother did corn and carefully did the sewing uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: they work for white people and uh {NS} and uh washed and ironed and cleaned up but now they wasn't smart enough to sew my mother smart enough to make anything that she wanted {NS} even down there making my shorts making my daddy shorts making pants it looked just like uh real {D: back county you done remembered} they had the what you called 'em uh jeans {NS} the old pairs of plain jeans and just a thick piece of cloth and a brown stiff Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: so like looking {D: over her} how she {X} {X} what come there around that people that know her come to her but that's all {NS} here that's my mother not me now these others washed ironed cleaned up and {NS} and uh {NS} I think that's about the end of it Interviewer: That was your grandmother? 303: yeah that's her grandm- yes Interviewer: uh-huh what about your grandfather? 303: in about the same thing and wh- when we uh ah he he had a I think he had a farm Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and he he farmed Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about your father's parents? 303: My father's parents? Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: You mean my daddy's grandpapa? well h- he he is uh Martin Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: his name is Martin Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and he owned a farm down at Liberty back up on the Sycamore Bluff Sycamore Creek Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and he farmed it there course he he raised cattle and hogs and sheep and everything together he was pretty pretty wealthy he was uh there was my daddy now uh and my grandpa Interviewer: uh-huh what about your grandmother? 303: well about the same thing does the {D: farming} washing ironing Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: cleaning up Interviewer: Where were they born? 303: {NW} Liberty Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Do you know where they came where your relatives came from before that? Can you trace it further back than- 303: no I can't {NS} I can't trace it back no further {NS} Interviewer: Were you ever married? {NS} 303: mm? {NS} Interviewer: Were you ever married? 303: I've been married {D: before} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: {NW} I- Interviewer: Tell me something about your wife. {NS} 303: my wife {NS} is uh {NS} s- s- seventy-six years old and she washed {NS} clean up paint do anything around the house a wife could Interviewer: uh-huh 303: then uh she sewed a lot {NS} {X} Interviewer: uh-huh is she she's still alive? 303: huh? Interviewer: she's still alive? {NS} 303: October {NS} October first twe- twenty first nineteen yeah seventy-three {NS} {X} Interviewer: Wait nineteen seventy-two you mean? 303: mm-hmm she's been dead about seven months Interviewer: uh-huh How old was she? 303: sixty-seven uh uh no seventy seventy-six Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 303: Yeah she was a good woman took her soul with her from black and white Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and {D: from earth she went} where where she lived she was seventy-one for be a colored woman there wasn't any other one round here in this {X} she could please anybody she was good and kind and uh I was married with her fifty-two years Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and never caught her in a in a story in my life never caught her in a stor- I no no kind Interviewer: She never went in a store? {NS} 303: huh? Interviewer: that's what What was that you said? never caught her in a? 303: I never caught her in a story #1 telling # Interviewer: #2 ah I see # 303: filth and uh it's like telling some say that one of those things right here Ms. Nelson think right you telling a lie that's what I mean by that Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and I never caught her in it in that the whole fifty- three years I was married Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 303: and she was {D: accepted} woman the white people cabled where she lived {NS} {NS} Interviewer: What church did she go to? 303: the Baptist church Interviewer: uh-huh and how far did she get in school? 303: well she got about third grade {NS} she could read and write and {NS} and spell and {NS} just out spell me and out read me she was reading and uh I can't hardly read the like of writing and reading letters Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: but she was reading the things she picked up and I guess she was third third grade {NS} and we have a daughter I've got a daughter forty forty-four years old Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 303: and uh while she was going to school up here she learned her and her arithmetic {NS} and uh and uh reading and rith- and arithmetic and uh {D: once she told me} a little bit side {X} {NS} she learned how to do math and I don't know how she do but she did Interviewer: yeah 303: now my g- daughter's in Smithsville Interviewer: uh-huh 303: she's teaching school up there now she's married {NS} she she had a {D: misfit} at seven- no {D: misfit} at {D: seven} with her and then she when she had seen {X} this {D: student} {NS} Interviewer: okay um now what's the house that that you grew up in what did that look like? 303: The house? Interviewer: Yeah I'd like to sort of make a floor plan of it 303: oh it's a a cedar house Interviewer: uh-huh 303: a- and {D: must be} one two three four rooms cedar house Interviewer: uh-huh what Let's see if- if we can draw it now what um {NS} 303: {D: it's made} Interviewer: What shapes? or 303: it is made sort of s- square shaped Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and it has a it had a kitchen Interviewer: uh-huh 303: then it had a {NS} bedroom in the back of the house Interviewer: Where where was the kitchen then? 303: Th- the kitchen was on the side of the house the back of this was the front here Interviewer: this? 303: and the this was the front and this was the back side of the house but they had another room cut off back- back of the house Interviewer: cut see just sort of 303: alright {D: oh boy} {NW} {D: one in the drawer} you know I never was much of a drawer mm-hmm {D: can't tell} {X} {NS} {X} Interviewer: That's a wall there? {NS} 303: {D: the room was} back here and uh this was the front room this was the back room Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and then uh kitchen {NS} {D: coming} back here {NS} and uh {NS} it had a door from back go in the kitchen right here went in the kitchen Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh the kitchen started about the middle of the door and {X} into the house here Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and the kitchen and dining room {D: are together} sorta thataway Interviewer: okay 303: and go straight in there {NS} Interviewer: let's see um it came out then like 303: yes ma'am that's right Interviewer: like this? 303: that is the kitchen is big enough for to have cooking this end of it stove is back in that vicinity Interviewer: {X} 303: and the door come in through this m- main room here into the kitchen {NS} Interviewer: okay um this was the front room this- 303: uh yes Interviewer: #1 back room? # 303: #2 back room # Interviewer: What was this? the kitchen and then Was there another room? 303: {X} {D: four?} Interviewer: No this is just three 303: Let's see Interviewer: Was there a wall here? 303: No let's see main room the back room and the kitchen and the dining room there was a d- {X} dining room {X} dining room there back there behind for when we set tea Interviewer: Was this did this room #1 go all the way back to here? # 303: #2 n- n- n- # no it stopped Interviewer: uh-huh 303: fo- for guy out there stopped short he Interviewer: uh-huh 303: he big enough to for the kitchen w- {X} {D: coats} back in {X} Interviewer: uh-huh Which were these rooms all about the same size? 303: {NW} no uh the two front {D: of them} the two front {X} the front an- and the back are about the same size pretty good size Interviewer: mm-hmm and How much bigger was that than the kitchen? 303: How much bigger? #1 oh about # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 303: they was about six a- six feet anyhow six or eight feet there bigger Interviewer: Six or eight feet longer? 303: y- y- you talking about this ain't you? Interviewer: yeah for the front room? 303: {X} h- he wasn't big as it these rooms this room here these the two biggest rooms right there {NS} Interviewer: okay um {NS} had {NS} and this is the front here? where was the- where was the door? 303: right along here in the middle Interviewer: okay and it Did it lead out onto anything? 303: no uh it had a little porch over it stuck out over it about eight feet come out over the door at the back of the house Interviewer: okay and um h- How did you get heat? How did you keep the house warm? 303: well it was coal um a no it was wood {D: we never bought} no coal Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: wood barely {NS} stove in the house {D: but we opened it} {D: old} {X} go through this and open the door and go in there and open {D: it long} {X} wide open that door and then when we get ready to go to bed it get hot in there Interviewer: wh- where would you go to bed? 303: What was you saying? Interviewer: Where- Where would you sleep? 303: We slept in here had two beds one on this side of the corner one on the other side of the corner two big beds in there pretty good size for the house Interviewer: So what what would you call this room? 303: Well I call it the bedroom {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} and you say it had ten? How many children in the house? 303: There was ten children Interviewer: ten children okay um {NS} okay now talk to me about um {NS} you had a fireplace? 303: yes ma'am {D: I like} {X} that's old time Interviewer: yes 303: yeah we had a fireplace {D: we smoke its} {X} and always {X} didn't have to have that no spit cups no nothing and {D: going} burn up a rag or something just put it in the fireplace Interviewer: yeah 303: {NW} we use it to uh {X} for a few years and about thirty years Interviewer: uh-huh 303: yeah {D: put that in} in the hole yeah put that in {D: went the} burn it in the stove Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: a coal stove and a wood stove Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and and go back to the fireplace for more {NS} fireplace {X} now Interviewer: yeah 303: um but but now I what they call uh {NW} call it uh he hadn't we burned coal in a {D: basket} {X} what they call that {NS} the white people started that first Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and the darks they took it the I've got one of them down there in my shop now It's a little basket about like it could fit fit in a chimney to the back side {NS} and then uh {X} {X} corn and make your farm {X} and you put about {X} on it and {X} coal or wood because the house was built pretty tight to keep it warm all day Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: {X} you have to build another fire Interviewer: mm-hmm on the fireplace what um What would you call the {NS} the s- shaft that would come out on the floor 303: um {X} Interviewer: um {NS} You know you might have a um {NS} um did you ever do any cooking on the fireplace? 303: yes ma'am Interviewer: how- how'd you do that? 303: well we got a skillet put 'em on the stove let 'em get hot Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: on the fireplace I meant we cooked sweet potatoes we had a old time there what the oven with a with a top on it we cooked sweet potatoes we burn up wood and uh get a lot of coal and put it out on the fireplace fireplace with rocks Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and pull 'em out there when they got hot grease it {D: tease 'em} wash 'em and grease 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and put 'em in there the oven and an- an- take uh pour and I got one in there now cross that long got a crook on it this way kicking their grain bring that in and sit it on the the oven Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh after you do that you take your shovel and get you some {D: corn} and put on the all the way around it like that to keep it hot and not let it first place you'd put it in the fireplace lay it on top of the wood let it get hot start anyhow and what it takes so much coal out here they cook the taters and they cook taters about a hour and and fifteen minutes and if you had a kettle of taters in there about that deep Interviewer: uh-huh 303: cook 'em in there an uh hour and a half Interviewer: uh-huh what um you mentioned I think the that place on the floor 303: no it was on the you see it's got a hearth Interviewer: I see 303: and the hearth is uh about four foot or some of it is and then so you yo- you have the fireplace up here and put you oven out here on the fireplace then tin on the wood on the floor and mm yo- you cooked it some and then when you got some bread made up you have another little lid on it then and you bring it out and do it the same way uh except on the far side to get it started {X} and when the gauge put your coal out here on the hearth and call it a hearth that's the name of it and when you put your coal out there and then put your skillet down on it Interviewer: uh-huh 303: then you had your bread made up made in {X} if you want to a little round {X} just like cooking you've seen 'em I imagine and you put 'em in there one two three if uh if it wasn't wide enough to hold but three Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: that's all you'd put in it and uh you get back over there and get you take you pour Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: uh call it the oven pour and uh he's sitting on the you can't take it off with a rag cuz it's red hot Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: it uh reach in there and get it take it out of the fireplace put th- put the right on top of here the bread Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and then get you few more coals and put on it wander off and do something else and uh about fifty th- thirty five thirty-five minutes Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: it'd be done {NS} in about thirty-five minutes then you go back and and get you plate take it out on it and set it on the stools to keep warm when the beans cabbage and things and cook them first Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh after you cook the cabbage and the beans while we got your bread done you be ready for dinner Interviewer: perfect um okay if you were gonna huh? 303: oh a miss I don't say nothing Interviewer: oh if um if you were gonna build a fire you know you take some kindling and then you'd What would you call the things that you lay the wood across on? 303: dog iron Interviewer: okay 303: a dog iron I got two down here and there and some about been a good time to buy 'em Interviewer: Oh really? 303: and I woulda sell 'em dog iron uh some call it uh they have another name for it but I can't think of it Interviewer: {D: ever hear it} fire it? fire it 303: no but uh {NS} let's see {NS} dog iron and uh they had a straight iron {NS} well and a hook on it when it boiling them cabbages Interviewer: uh-huh 303: yo- {NW} had your fire down here Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and this hook come right across the chimney Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: this this here iron with little hooks on it back there we just hang 'em on and when you get ready to cook your cabbage and beans in the thing uh you get 'em ready and wash 'em and clean 'em and put it on that hook and let it hang there Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and that fire would cook the cabbage if you had two pots you'd put another hook on it and then if you had three pots you'd put another hook on it {D: so it's about} some some {X} about like {D: cats} you see why you put the Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: the pots between them but they never have that much at one time or two or three pots at a time that's cabbage up beans or a roasted chicken you boil a chicken uh boiling beans or you just put on that hook hang it over far {D: of course the beef} when you put the hook is {D: no registered cross} they're ready for that {D: visit} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and when it got in it you could take your you had a sp- spoon there cuz {D: what time they clean the corn} other people {X} {D: bigger dipper} and just it down there take a look and see what is done uh and if it's done you put it back and uh take your hand he- Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: because that {X} turn in my hooks are loose and just take it to this the- take the whole the pot and lift it over that oven come on down {NS} eh and going that's uh in uh room at the table and uh pour it out fixed it up get your bread ready {X} ready for dinner Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: right then and if you had m- made coffee every morning for coffee then got in there and they parched their own coffee green color Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and took out some coal put it on the hearth {NS} then they'd get the skillet {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and set on there and an- and uh what is it's just like popping popcorn in a way they don't do that no more now they got the electric poppers now and uh when you let's see uh how'd that go {NS} {NS} oh yeah you just uh you just get it hot down here first Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: get it sort of started you would pick your cream and coffee out of a sack that had a dipper dip it out of the sack Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: tof- tof- {D: tofe} sack is {D: looking} {X} them what to call it now Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and dip out a cup two cups or th- or three cups if you had a big family take about two or three cups and if you had a light family well then more than about a half a cup or one cup or two and you put the tin in this just like you do with sweet potatoes oh and you and you put this here lid and get heat 'til real hot and this one don't w- want to be as hot as the {D: goblet} and then they're roasting their coffee now and you put that old {X} 'til they come in popping {NS} and they coming popping you raised up and see how it's been doing and hold that thing with a that a {D: copper} lid and stirred coffee hold so I can keep 'em from popping out just like popcorn you put popcorn in a skillet Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: now if you ain't got a lid on it it'll all pop out Interviewer: yeah 303: well that's just the way that coffee {X} it might pop out Interviewer: and you get the lid hotter than the bottom of the skillet? 303: uh- ye- yeah you've got you've got to have the lid hotter than they do the bottom bottom wants to be h- warm pretty hot but it want the top of 'em on there makes it popping and uh cook b- better in the furnace course they learned it the old people learned this what to do and that's just what they done {NS} Interviewer: okay if were building fires what type of of big piece of wood and put it at the back and have it burn for a long time 303: yeah yeah and you put a what they call it a back stick Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 303: if you want {X} didn't want to be fooling with wood all the time you cut a cut a back stick aw so long big enough to be pr- pretty {D: picked} than a twig twig except they can and lay it pull ashes back back this way toward the front Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and just have a little bed to lay it in Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: then push a- ashes back under put your front stick out here on the dog iron get your kindling put under here Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: put a match to it and you got a fire and that Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: that back log make it throw out heat that's all it's for and of course it'll burn keep i- it but that's what it's for keep from burning so much wood Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: you don't burn half as much wood that way Interviewer: Okay um What do you call the the black stuff that forms in the chimney? {NS} 303: Soot Interviewer: mm-kay and you just clean that out regularly? 303: n- never clean it out almost a year Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: you don't clean it out much 'til it's {D: straight up} but each time you set it on the {NS} on the the uh 'un- smooth rock sticks out and falls on it catches sometimes the uh hook Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: well now when it does that {NS} you get you some {NS} paper {X} {X} them and uh you put it down there in th- at the mouth of the fireplace Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: strike a match to it {NS} then uh have to strike a match to it let it get to burning pretty good then you you lay there {NS} what do they call it? {X} in the th- the {D: smothered} to make 'em whenever got to burning {D: like} make a blast Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and then {D: that} cuts off shut it all out {NS} when it done that well this board uh this is a coal {NS} chimney board {NS} {D: and then they just turn the board} over and uh when it got burned {X} and do more damage when it means a little blast when means a blast Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and when you took this down what course does this seven eight in the day and when {D: Horace} w- w- heard it and boughted it {D: Jordan} wh- it's all down hill {X} a bushel or a basket or either and of course you're gonna get your shovel shovel that {D: duck} and all that stuff that fell Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: took it out and put it in the hot {X} put it on the ground and it will {NS} get {D: shedded} {NS} Interviewer: Put it in the hopper? 303: oh no I doubt you gonna you gonna make a lot like the old people used to make a lot Interviewer: uh-huh 303: to make soap with my mother made many {X} and soap and uh you make what they called a lye soap Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: where you {X} the skin and uh {X} get or when the you ma- they had a hopper Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: you take these ashes out and put them in the hopper made up just in a {X} fashion Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and this trough run down here straight trough and the planks run that down the side of it right into middle of this trough Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and when there w- it got to running why them planks the edge there right in the trough and run right down just here run out down here put your bucket down there and catch that lye took it back into soap where your soap was where you had your fire making soap Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and put so many gallons {NS} in the {X} the amount of pounds of meat that you pu- uh grease that you put in there and uh if you if you got too much then you get another one and make good soap Interviewer: {NS} mm-hmm let's see um okay then the shelf that would go across the top of the fireplace What would you call that? 303: mantle Interviewer: mm-kay 303: the mantle Interviewer: and okay you mentioned a chimney 303: hmm? Interviewer: You mentioned a chimney? 303: Yes ma'am I think I did didn't I? Interviewer: okay um what about at a at a factory if you saw something similar to that in a factory 303: in a factory Interviewer: Uh-huh Would you call it a chimney or would you use a different name? 303: Well I think I'd use a different name because it's uh {D: rights} more different Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and the way {NS} it's uh- it's the thing the factory mills a something like that that carries the smoke Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: it's a lot bigger you see Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: {NW} and uh pipe that carries it for them big mills {NS} big around as I am or bigger and uh it takes that to the sits the pipe uh to take that but uh just ordinary uh business for it for a stove a kitchen stove Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: offer a {D: molasses} mill pipe Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: of course it'd be six s- uh s- six inches in diameter six inches across that'd be s- that would be six by six Interviewer: What'd that be for? {NW} 303: that's for {D: sod and} mill I use a stove a kitchen stove so oven mill I use a kitchen stove Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Did you ever hear of a smoke stack? 303: uh-huh Interviewer: smoke stacks? 303: Yeah I've heard of it yes ma'am but I I don't reckon I ever seen what's called a smoke stack I've heard of i- heard of it Interviewer: uh-huh 303: but I've never seen one Interviewer: mm-kay um Okay so what about furniture now? What would you call that thing that you're sitting in? You call that a-? 303: I call that a uh it ain't a ki- kitchen chair {NS} I don't know what you might call it Interviewer: okay but just okay you said chair is that 303: chair chair yes it's a chair alright but I can't tell you Interviewer: okay 303: what's the name of it Interviewer: What would you call this thing that I'm sitting on? 303: a double bed or a couch Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: double bed couch Interviewer: it folds up? 303: yes ma'am Interviewer: okay um what what about any other names for something like a couch? 303: well I would rather a straight bed I was thinking or either a mattress cot Interviewer: a mattress what? 303: cot Interviewer: uh-huh 303: about just enough for one to sleep in Interviewer: uh-huh 303: small bed Interviewer: yeah Would you call this a- a dav- 303: Devonette? Interviewer: uh-huh {NW} Is that something different? 303: That's something a little different Interviewer: How? 303: Couch Interviewer: What's a devonette like? 303: {NW} well I seen 'em bu- I can't hardly tell I've seen 'em Interviewer: Is it smaller or-? 303: uh I {X} some larger Interviewer: uh-huh 303: than that than that some larger I think Interviewer: Would yo- Would you ever call this a so- sofa? 303: Wha- you can call it a so- a so- a sofa uh where they be {X} but uh I- don't think this it's proper name for it {NS} Interviewer: What is a sofa? 303: Well a sof- sofa is is a {X} {NW} builder more {NS} we sit {NS} and build up about sixteen seventeen higher than that Interviewer: ah I see and that's called a- a- 303: sofa sofa Interviewer: okay um what What might you have in your bedroom with drawers in it to keep your clothes in? 303: a closet Interviewer: okay um that's built-in right? 303: built-in Interviewer: uh-huh 303: in in the wall Interviewer: What about something like that but that you can move around the room? 303: Well that's a dresser Interviewer: mm-kay 303: {X} over there Interviewer: That's got a {X} to it 303: yeah I just- {NS} I've got what they called I've got one in here Interviewer: uh-huh 303: Come in here and look at this one Interviewer: okay {NS} 303: if it's warm in here you get the other thing 'til it's exactly right they'd tell you Interviewer: uh-huh 303: but a man don't study the like a woman do about {NS} these things an- uh {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear that call a- You ever hear of a bureau or a chiffor- chifforobe? 303: chifforobe yes ma'am Interviewer: What's the chifforobe? 303: Well I just made up {NS} but uh {NS} sorta like a {X} I don't think it's got no glass in it s- so it's about fif- teen feet I think I got one in there Interviewer: uh-huh #1 gets # 303: #2 sure # Interviewer: that's 303: and yonder Interviewer: yeah 303: Do you see it? Interviewer: Yeah I noticed that 303: #1 Well look # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: on that side of it Interviewer: uh-huh 303: That's what I call a chifforobe {NS} Interviewer: Call what? 303: What'd you call it? You called it farm door Interviewer: What what did you say it was? 303: uh {NW} I done forgot now Interviewer: Chiff- 303: Chifforobe Interviewer: Ah I see Okay um And you can hang things up in it like you can do? 303: y- yes ma'am It's for Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever heard of a wardrobe or a 303: Wardrobe Interviewer: clothes press or {NS} 303: a wardrobe yes ma'am I've heard of it and uh been around some a wardrobe but I w- I haven't got any Interviewer: mm-hmm What's What's that like? 303: {X} a wardrobe Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: oh it's a big {NS} square thing with a lid on it Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and it's about four foot high I reckon oh uh yes it's around four foot high with a big lid on it called it a wardrobe Interviewer: What What do you use it for? 303: put clothes in Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: or anything you want nice quilts {X} or anything {NS} {D: fellow bed} when people used to have a {X} {D: big back at the holder} that's moving about Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh then you gonna fill that wardrobe up {NS} Interviewer: okay um {NS} I was saying some tables and chairs and couches {X} 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: What do you call those? just you just call those {NS} {NS} 303: a table Interviewer: Yeah all the things that you have in the house you just call that the 303: well I- the eating table in there they have breakfast table Interviewer: uh-huh 303: but I ain't got no breakfast table {NS} {NW} {NS} {NW} Huh? {X} 303: Mm? Yes. It's a big difference cuz I {D: leaf in it} six foot long and about a foot I'll give you that too the- then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And you can make it as big as you want it to{NS} {X} a lot of put on the table and then cutting it {NW} something why that's what they're for {NS} {D: leaf.} It went in{NS} you pull it out{NS} lay that in there and seal it back up and then uh pegs in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: When you push it up {NS} joined it into that other and it's just as close as you can get it #1 and just smooth level it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 303: {X} Then {D: could} didn't want to use it while he take it out and wipe it off and set it in some nice place where it stays clean. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um this is something that you might have in your windows you could pull down to keep the sun out. 303: Shades. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about something that had little slats in it? 303: Well I {NS} I can't name that I know what it is but I can't name it. Interviewer: Okay but shades are just solid material. 303: It's solid. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um. 303: {NW} Interviewer: And let's say the room at the top of the house just underneath the roof 303: {NW} Interviewer: what would you call that? 303: The eaves. The eaves. Interviewer: The eave? 303: The eaves. Interviewer: Is that part of the roof? 303: Uh n- that's the eave of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Down to the bottom. Interviewer: What um what about a little room up there? 303: That'd be upstairs I've got no upstairs. I haven't but plenty people got 'em but I have. Interviewer: Yeah. But one that's not really upstairs it's just a small room and it's not it's not really a room exactly. 303: Well that- Interviewer: It's not really finished. 303: Uh I guess you'd call it oh I don't know I- {X} called but I- c- I can't unravel that for you. Interviewer: You ever head of an attic or a garret or a loft or? 303: Yeah. A- attic is uh I'd call it a hallway some call it a hallway. Interviewer: Upstairs? 303: No do- down in in in the living room yes. I have a little attic right there. Two doors on both sides and leads in here to the kitchen and leads me ba- back to that room back in there the bathroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So- 303: Well that's what you call a attic. I sleep in that some when it's real hot. I get out of bed and it's hot in here you can't stand night in this hot. Turn that thing on and leave you leave it thataway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {D: Now when it blowed my house} I come in {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {X} blowed all the top off of my house after we had a storm here a while back. Interviewer: Mm. 303: And it blowed all the top off of the attic. Cost me five hundred dollars put the top back on. Interviewer: Yeah. 303: {X} {X} what you might say {X} it just h- h- it di- it didn't rain it just {D: pulled it} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: t- 'til you got it fixed. T- 'til it quit raining and then we gonna have it painted this year {D: show} whole house painted. And we will paint it a little bit deeper purple this room. I got to get somebody to paint it I can't paint overhead. Interviewer: Okay so an attic is something like a hall? 303: Yeah. Interviewer: It's downstairs? 303: Yes ma'am. Or you can have an attic upstairs. Now that hallway you don't {NS} {X} shut that middle door there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And put that stove on in yonder in the kitchen. And shut that door go in go in that uh room bathroom. And open that door in there then turn that {X} {D: here get you} you keep that room warm. Well that's what you call that by the fireplace. {D: And do that any time} a year. It seemed like it {D: used} {D: go over there and stand there} and you {D: feel air} that's what they call the attic. Interviewer: {X} 303: Uh. And if you had one of 'em upstairs it's like a {D: call hang-} some call it a hal- hallway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh it's got two names. Interviewer: Okay um. What would you call a little room off the kitchen where you might keep your canned goods or extra dishes? 303: Well I'd call that a well ah well there's a building. {X} I don't know what they call it I got one in there but I can't tell you what it is. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of kitchen closet or pantry or safe or? 303: No pantry. It's an old time a pantry I've got one {D: no I saw} but I got some standing right outside it looks a lot like a pantry just look at it but it ain't it's- it's a case and uh that's in here it's built in I don't know what you might what it's called. Interviewer: A pantry is is 303: {X} Interviewer: a piece of furniture sort of? 303: Yeah {X} {X} my wife {X} before she left. Interviewer: This word pantry what did that mean? 303: Pantry I uh it's the {D: pantry} {D: I had nothing} {X} Interviewer: Is it a piece of furniture? 303: Yes ma'am. Furniture is m- made to put your your vessels in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh I got another thing in out in {X} while it was in there {D: and I} our daughter's here yest- {D: yesterday she said uh} papa whatever you do don't you never sell that thing back there. Interviewer: Oh I noticed that #1 the thing that # 303: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the mirror? #1 {D: The thing there} # 303: #2 Uh yeah. # It's got a mirror. Yeah. And it's got the she's got it just as {X} {D: hundred} {D: different daisies} my daughter said now papa that is other day she said don't n- let nobody have it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: There's been a lot of people here buying uh it's uh {D: serious} if you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh that's what {X} say whatever you do don't sell it and I'll get a new room out yonder. It got uh-huh two hundred and fifty cans in there in in that room. And I ain't got nowhere to put 'em so I built a new room out yonder and they in there. Interviewer: You have cans or? 303: Yeah huh yes ma'am I never le- about two hundred and fifty. Interviewer: {NS} Cans of what? 303: Uh beans{NS} peas{NS} and and pear preserves apples. All such as that. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um. What you call a lot of old worthless furniture and things just weren't any good to you for you anymore? 303: Uh well. I don't reckon {X} here round here. Interviewer: What might you call that though? 303: What? Interviewer: What might you call that though just something that's not good for anything? 303: Uh well. We know uh I've always said uh Miss Dellville always said anything around you has got to come in handy some day i- in seven years somebody come around and want to buy it you can say that now they used to bug you. Well way old wagon wheels. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And such as that. And so I kept mine some of 'em and sold sure enough I didn't think I was gonna get anything ol' old wagon wheel old buggy wheel and {X} such as that. I know some something about that{NS} but when you get in the house{NS} I don't know hardly how the name. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you use the junk or rubbish or trash or 303: #1 {D: what?} # Interviewer: #2 plunder- # some word like that? 303: Well uh I'd call it something like that in a way it's plunder uh junk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: That's what I'd call it. #1 And # Interviewer: #2 What's- # the word plunder? Do you use that word? 303: Well plunder is something that- nobody hardly use this in the way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And that {X} taken to store it away somewhere haul away. Interviewer: Wh- where would they store it? 303: Well they didn't didn't have s- store it I reckon in the barn barn {D: chair room.} Or either{NS} they could take it and put it in the smokehouse or hang meat in back in the backside or to the side one and get it out of the way. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a junk room or lumber room or plunder rooms store room? 303: Ye- ye- yeah. I've heard of that. Interviewer: What's that? 303: It's uh plunder um it's a place where you got something that you wanna keep and wanna know where it's at when you pick it up. You have a place you can call it a plunder room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: You put it and when you go back there it's it's it's {X} that you- all you gotta do it pick it up you know where- where you put it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And that's what they call a plunder room. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um. Talking about the work that a woman would do um now she was sweeping the floor and dusting and so forth what would you say she was doing? 303: I'd say she was cleaning up. Interviewer: Okay. And um the thing that she'd sweep with what would you call that? 303: A broom. Or a mop. Interviewer: Okay. 303: It'd be a sweeping up or mopping up. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if the broom was in the corner um oh like that one there and then you had the door open so you couldn't see the broom you'd say that the broom was? 303: Behind the door. Interviewer: Okay. And um years ago on Monday what then usually kids do what kind of work? 303: Well. Then the women don't work like they used t- I mean they didn't work like they do today. The women works just like the men they got jobs public jobs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Back has then they didn't have no jobs but their jobs then was back out. White women near us had farms and had uh chicken had turkeys to tend to. Then uh they sold their eggs and bought the groceries. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And if they had any left they'd save it. And th- h- the white women didn't have no jobs at that time. Only job at home tending to the children. And getting gathering eggs raising chickens. And raising turkeys. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh did some in the the women just like my mother. {X} They sold to make clothes for the for everybody anybody that wanted it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Or either quilted they used to have a quilting uh the in the hall {D: over with us} four or five families. They'd meet some night evening after you got supper and sit down late and gossip and uh. What they call knitting a quilt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Making a quilt. Spread. Spread it over the bed. And then tomorrow night this woman she go on and help this woman. That woman the next night over here there piddling and they didn't call for nothing to do that and they they have call for they drinking on tea or something like that. Few cakes something. And they they lay in the drawing room. They done that. Then the white women course when they're sewed there's a whole lot of that done. White women a lot of them. They're sold and when they made their money of course they use it like they want to. They sold to anybody they wanted to. And that's that's {X} And uh she tell him what she make a sheet for her or him a sheet for her. Him a quilt or make a quilt. Or make a bedspread anything that she'd tell him and go on and make it. Interviewer: Okay um. Say if you had a two-story house how would you get from the first floor up to the second floor? 303: They have uh stairs. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Would you use the same word if they were outside of the house? 303: Yeah. That's I'd use the same word. That's upstairs. Interviewer: I mean would you talk about stairs outside? 303: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Okay. And. Can you think of names of different kinds of porches? 303: Porches? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Like a porch that- 303: Por- Uh I've forgotten now the name of it. Por- uh I can't I can't talk por- por- porta- something I- Interviewer: You have heard portico? 303: Porti- portico Yeah. Interviewer: Does that sound like a name? 303: Yeah that that's the name of it. Of the porches. At the they ain't they ain't the old style now that's the new style. Interviewer: What's- what's a portico? 303: Portico that's a porch. Built on the outside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: But now we don't know nothing about that bout that {D: money} when I come up. Interviewer: You used to call it a porch? 303: Used to call them porch. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay. And if the door was open and you didn't want it that way you'd ask someone to? 303: Hit it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what do you call the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 303: Shingles. Interviewer: No I'm talking about on the on the outside like they go like this on the walls. On the outside. 303: Oh. The planks or the the shingles. Interviewer: Yeah. I'm thinking of you ever heard of of siding or weather? 303: #1 Eh uh uh # Interviewer: #2 weatherb- # 303: weatherboard. Or or either siding. Interviewer: You've heard both of those words? 303: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Around here? # 303: Yes ma'am. Siding. Eh uh the weatherboard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh. And uh top of the house. {NW} They used to make boards back then they call 'em old-fashioned oak boards. And uh. whenever {X} you got to line uh- up and got the floor laid and they put on these old-fashioned boards. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: It last twenty-four hours thirty years. And then now stuff put on the house now some of 'em don't last that long. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay say if you were doing some carpentry you'd say I picked up the hammer and I what the nail in? 303: I dropped it in. Interviewer: Hmm? 303: I'm- I picked up the hammer to nail in I dropped it {D: many times.} Interviewer: Okay. But if you hit the nail you'd say I you you call that? 303: Driving the nail up. Interviewer: Okay. So you say I I took the hammer and I what the nail in and I? 303: Well. I bent the nail down. Interviewer: But if you get it in you'd say I 303: Drawed it straight up. Interviewer: Okay. You were- you say the nail didn't get in far enough it's gotta be what in further it's gotta be? 303: Mm- be pull it out and {D: bend it} or either put another another size in there longer. Interviewer: Okay. Or if you have the right size and everything and just you gotta hit it one more time 303: Mm Interviewer: you say yo- um the nail's got to be what in a little further got to be? 303: Drove up. Interviewer: Okay. And you say um say you pick up the hammer and you what the nail in you you dri- 303: I drop the hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Um What do you call the parts that covers the top of the house? 303: The roofing. Interviewer: What's that? {D: Roofing?} 303: Yeah. Y- use that to {X} cover the par- #1 top of the house. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What do you call that? 303: Roofing. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the little things along the edge of the roof th at carry the water off? 303: Uh. Uh. Gutters. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And let's see what say you have a house in an L. What do you call the place where the two come together? 303: Call that a joint. Interviewer: Call that what? 303: Joint. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And where would you store your tools? 303: Uh I'd store 'em in the shop. Interviewer: Okay. What about wood where would that be kept? 303: Well I tend to leave it out in the yard. If I ain't got a wood house. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. And what did you call outdoor toilets? 303: Well that's a I forgot now what they call it. I can't think of nothing I know the name of it. I left {D: one on the wheat farm.} I'm {D: bored of} {D: that lady} that right that's white lady my wife worked for her alright she thought so much of us she wanted her to have a picture {D: it's Miss Irene Evans.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And. My wife pictures of {X} under in large pictures. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Right there she's sixteen year old {X} Interviewer: She was really pretty. 303: Sixteen year old when she had that made. Now I'm left here with it alone. And wouldn't care {X} when the day that I'm gone. If I {X} I wanna be right. Trying to be {X} person right I knew she was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Well. Interviewer: Okay um. You might say that you live in a frame 303: Live in a strange- Interviewer: E- or in a frame what? Or a brick? 303: {NW} A brick house. Interviewer: Okay are there any what are some of the other kinds around here? 303: There's uh what you call th- some of 'em call 'em wooden house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen those? 303: Mm Yes I've seen a few. Some of 'em they have 'em in a few log houses Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: But uh they've perished away most of 'em but there's a log barn closed down over here about two miles from this uh house right here {X} out there. About fifty a hundred fifty some odd feet and yep this last storm blowed it flat on the ground. Interviewer: Mm. 303: {NW} It belonged to uh the {D: Zinis} brothers bought that and wind had blowed it flat. And my farm is right above it. And it didn't bu- blown my barn down. And it didn't hurt nothing around the house. But it blowed his barn down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Just flat it ain't got nothing nobody first {D: called it nothing} put his hay in Ain't nothing to put his stock in in wintertime. But I guess he'll build a barn back. {D: Oh well he} can't afford not to. Knowing he'll build it back. Interviewer: What would you call a building where you store corn? 303: I'd call it a place for for crib crib um uh- crib corn. Interviewer: Okay. And a place where you store grain? 303: Call that a {D: hogshead.} Interviewer: A what? 303: {D: Hogshead.} Interviewer: {D: Hogshead?} 303: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: For grain? 303: For grain. Interviewer: What does that look like? 303: It's a very big thing built so that and that it holds anything you put in it. {D: It's all} exposed. When they get ready to to load it take it to nail I have it ground back up to {X} scoop runs outside and they got a door there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And you let that door down that run right out in the wagon or out in the sack and you ain't got to get in there and work with it. It's built. In a {X} fashion on both sides {D: half in the summer} Well we kinda took it at the top but that's the end of it. That's the center. This side is full and this side is full. That's gotta uh what I call a scoop over here and just scoop over here. And sometimes it's got it's so big you have two or three. When you when you fill up and get where it won't run you'll have to move up. And let that door open sit it sit the {X} fill up the wagon with what you want. Go on about your business. Interviewer: Was that- 303: That's what you call a hogshead. Interviewer: Is that something that you 303: Stole fo- wa- Interviewer: About how big is it about this big or? 303: No. No it's uh- Interviewer: To build it? 303: I- it's a building bigger than this house. Bigger as this this house. And it's sitting up sitting up up off of the ground {X} about four-foot Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: All {D: over and they} store this corn grain in these hogsheads. They call 'em when they put 'em over there they call that hog and they fill it up. And move to this other one and fill it up. Move to the other one got 'em all full on both sides. Why you've got some stuff back {D: hogging.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of a granary? 303: No I {X} I do not. Granary- Interviewer: Okay what about a place where you'd you'd store hay in a barn? 303: Well. They call it some of 'em call 'em the loft. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {X} {D: I could} it's uh {X} These days I run at the power of machines now I have to go in there get there and {X} That's what they call it. They call the let's see what loft. That's what I thought I said{NS} I started to say the barn but think it's called a loft. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And. What if you have too much hay to put in the barn? Then you might pile it up outside in a? 303: Oh yea- You can stack it up. Put a sheet over it and keep it outside or you or build a a what they call a shed ov- over it. Interviewer: What is that- 303: Long shed over it. Or if you got too much why you can put it all in there. It'll be alright when you get later for it. {NS} Keep it dry. And the outside and just a top over it just like a chicken house was built. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Long maybe {X} down into the road. And it's and it didn't got nothing but just posting posting them top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And you go ahead and get it out. {X} anywhere you want to. I come there in the middle of the posts. Get what you want and when I get ready for it I'll throw it out or do something with it. I'll feed your cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What else is in there under the shed? 303: How's that? Interviewer: What holds it in there under the shed. 303: Well them posts. The post is on each side. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: It's ha holds a top uh anything that put in down there uh it's got enough braces in it to to hold it. And the hay it sits right there where we put it 'til you can get ready to move it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So you just throw the hay in under that or? Do you have it any sort of shape? 303: N- no. If it's loose hay and get ready for it you throw it out and take it down a lot for your cattle or either somebody want to buy {D: the wood.} Get back up and set him on low and he dries out and {X} getting wet pay you for it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: You got more hay than you want. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay when you first cut the hay you know then you you let it dry then you 303: Yeah yeah. Interviewer: Rake it up in these little piles what do you call that? 303: A wind rollers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And you go back in take the bale and bathe it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But before um before you did that before they baled hay #1 say # 303: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: you'd take a pitchfork and 303: Yes. Interviewer: take a #1 what? # 303: #2 {D: Yes that} # You'd take a pitchfork and put it in the shelf Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: When you you raked it thataway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then didn't o- didn't have no balers or what you either did have you couldn't get in there and then all way you do is take it up loose. And the first thing you had to do cut it and let it cure like you want it then r- rake it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then wind rolls then go back and chop it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And then take you back and get you wagon and when you got it all chopped drive up to shove in put it on the wagon go in the morning but. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay were there any special places for keeping cows? 303: Mm. Interviewer: Like places for them to get in under when it's raining? 303: Yes they co- uh have- some people have sheds in their lots. Interviewer: What's a lot? 303: A lots is a is a was a {D: grow grass in} for the cattle to run on maybe thirty or forty acres maybe sixty acres in some lots and maybe a hundred acres in some lots but they got we didn't have a a shed built in the lot protect the cows some from the weather before they get back to the barn. and when they come {D: born} it's bad weather they put 'em in the barn and feed 'em then shut the door and keep 'em up all night. That morning think too cold and well it looks like it. They c- they come the man's owner come and turn him out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Til the next day. And- Interviewer: Any special places for milking 'em? 303: Yes you have a regular a barn built {D: to run up.} Interviewer: A barn built what? 303: A barn or what they call a milk barn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And it's some of 'em built mighty pretty. And uh. And they ke- they keep it clean and some of 'em's built in the center where they milk the cow. I forgot what they call that. And the troughs where they eat out of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And they milk 'em by buckets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: By {D: like to} twist 'em and they start the machine there and they go along with a bucket and sit under the cow and then put that nip o- on the cow's tits. and go on to the next and just keep going if it's got thirty Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: got ten and got ten on this side and ten on this side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: We got a place over there to stand. We got a place over here to stand. And uh. So. That's wh- what I bel- think about that. That. They've gotten they're doing such as that now they've got plenty of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: But that ain't no old-timey stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. 303: That's new stuff. Interviewer: What- what would you call a a farm like that where they just have milk cows? 303: Well I- I guess I'd just call it a by the man's name i- it's a milk farm. Uh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Used a {D: water vase.} Got one over here. And he called it the milk barn or the milk farm or either one you wanna call it. Of course he don't do nothing else {NW} but that. {NW} so don't have that never done. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you ever call it a da- 303: A da-? Interviewer: A dairy- 303: A dairy yeah. And I forgot that you call it a dairy barn. Interviewer: Okay um. Where do you keep horses? 303: And when I had 'em I kept 'em in the lot and in in bad nights I'd keep 'em i- up in the stable. The place you'd call a stable. Interviewer: Is that part of a barn or something- 303: That's part of the barn. That's another place made into to open the door and drive the horse in. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What about hogs and pigs? 303: Well. I had a two three sows hogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Let's see they called it a hog pen. And a hog hog feeder. I put a hog feeder in there. Pour my stuff in there and they they would eat what they wanted. And they'd walk off of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: I call it a hog feeder. Then uh it out in the pound if it's cold bad you built a Interviewer: Out in the what? Out in- 303: Out in the pound you build build a house. A hog house. {X} {NS} Oh my. {X} some of the children. I believe. Where is {D: Catherine} Where's Catherine? Aux: What? 303: Where's Catherine? Aux: She's up at the house. Well where's Philip? What? 303: Where's Philip? Aux: He's up at the church house getting wine. {NS} Interviewer: Do a lot of children come play here? 303: {D: Eight over there} are allowed. Play down this level down here. {X} rock and rough and they come down here and ride their wheels and when the come back from school play around and I I think i- i- i- ain't no use in a person being so funny children is children so it don't bother nothing ain't no use in saying nothing about it. Interviewer: Yeah. 303: N- now they come down here to help me get in more wood back in the wintertime and get up my eggs. Interviewer: #1 Where did # 303: #2 I don't # Interviewer: Huh? 303: I don't say nothing about 'em I just all they do {D: by it} Interviewer: Yeah. 303: Play ball down here sometimes round the bull house and passed the big place {D: live uh} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Down here I've got a garden that I don't let them play down there in my garden. Well how much longer we gonna keep 'em or not. Interviewer: Well this tape will be running out pretty soon. Do you remember where you keep milk and butter before you had refrigerators? 303: Mm the- spring house. Interviewer: Okay. 303: Spring house. Interviewer: #1 And # 303: #2 I've do- # I've been in one many times get some good ol' milk. Buttermilk sweet milk butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Spring house. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you call a place around the barn where you might let the cows and mules and other animals walk around? 303: A pound. {NW} Pound? Interviewer: A pound. 303: A pound. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What what was that like? 303: Huh? Interviewer: What was- can you describe that for me? 303: Yeah. It's it's a pound. When you turn it off out you you've got your fence around it and they can't go back to lot nowhere and that's just the pound now you built to keep 'em out and want to put 'em back in their barn while you can do so. Interviewer: So it's just around the barn? 303: Yes it's around the barn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um. Something that if you want to turn the animals out to graze you turn 'em out into the? 303: Pasture. Interviewer: Okay is that different from a lot? 303: {NW} About the same thing. Interviewer: Okay. 303: Only that's the proper that's the proper name for it. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. Do you ever raise cotton? 303: {NW} One year. Interviewer: Tell me about the work that you'd 303: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 do for that. # 303: You have to plant it. And after you plant it you had to give the ground good dig. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: You can't plant it wet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And after it comes up you get that bud comes up sorta like a bean in the garden. It gets up a oh about two or three inches high. Then you go to {D: horn} it Interviewer: Uh-huh. Then when it gets up about knee-high and {X} why before then 'til you laid by you quit it. When it gets up that high getting close to potting you quit working. Mm-hmm. {NW} 303: And uh I do- whenever you quit working it. That's all I wanna do about it I don't wanna pick it that's {NW} {X} I'll pick they day for {D: throwing in} Murfre- not Murfreesboro Yeah. Murfreesboro. And uh my wife picked that one day and uh she picked the first day. Seventy-five cents per hour. And um. The next day I think she picked a dollar and quarter's worth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And that is all she wanted to do. She come home {NW} and I I would pick the stuff. And the first day that I picked I here at Statesville I wasn't in Murfreesboro. For {X} and I I went to give 'em a breakfast to come and some of the other dew got off so I could go to picking {NW} went out there about nine o'clock and I picked 'til six o'clock that evening. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: The then this pick it{NS} seventy-five cents per hour. {NS} And I I told 'em I said now I thought the {D: printing} could be four or five dollars.{NS} {NS} And he said yes it can. But you've got to learn how to pick it. I went back the next day and I I thought I'd try it over. And I made one dollar. And picked all day long didn't give me my supper. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And I decided then there ain't no more cotton for me nowhere I don't want nobody's cotton. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. 303: Fingers are sore back sore I was young too but.{NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: It made my back sore. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then I could've made it made more than that just uh coming to farm and then done got up to about dollar and a half two dollars a day then. And things begin to move up a little. Interviewer: Okay what what do you call that grass that grows up in a cotton field where you don't want it? 303: Uh. Some of 'em call it moody grass. Or- Interviewer: Call it what? 303: Moody grass. Or either the either silk not silkweed but uh milkweed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Come 'til it comes up pretty {D: free} after cotton. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And it it gets s- gets in the way if you don't keep it out. 303: Mm-hmm. And the rotten rag uh know when the ragweed eats 'em bad. Interviewer: Okay say corn grows in a what? 303: In a row. Interviewer: Okay. Or you'd if you had a lot of corn you'd say you had a corn- 303: Field. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What about cotton? If you just had a little bit of cotton you'd you wouldn't call it a field would you? 303: No. No. Just call that a little pat- a little patch of cotton. Interviewer: Okay. 303: Patch of cotton. Interviewer: And this is a of fence that you might move- little wooden fence that you might have around a yard or a garden. 303: Oh well we'd call it palement f- fence. Interviewer: What's that? 303: Pale- palement fence. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Think that's what they- that's the name of it. Interviewer: Did it come to points or straight across or how? 303: Straight across. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about one that came up in points? Did that have a name? 303: Mm now I I can't recall that. I {D: slat} nothing slat there cuz- Interviewer: Slats? 303: Slat fence. Slat fence. Interviewer: Okay. And a kind of wire fence they might have around a pasture now? 303: Well there's- Interviewer: That catch your clothes on it. 303: We call it barbed wire. Interviewer: Okay. And do you remember any kinds of wooden fences that would go in and out? Like this? 303: Wooden fence? Interviewer: Yeah. Like this. 303: Yes I that's what they call a rail fence.{NS} Interviewer: Okay. 303: I've made it out and I've worked at that many time on {X} heels and {X} I used to make rail. Interviewer: Really? 303: And the red sheet is raised slow around you have 'til everybody's got 'em on {D: placed them} put this {X} in there. And uh that red cedar back yonder brought good money. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Now Now if they had it they had it moved it all out. Kept hauling it to Nashville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Or they could cut something out of it. Made that a farm covered up to that be worth much as this farm. Interviewer: Yeah. 303: Now. Course it- Interviewer: Yeah. 303: Course it wasn't then. That's what I said. Then they got a little money out and they just stuck it down put up more fence and sold the rail. And that's when it done wrong. They'd kept 'em on well got a got a fortune out of 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 303: Cedar rails I guess you heard talk of it ain't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 303: Cedar rail. There was money. Make pencils out of it it's a pe- pencil factory. Some of 'em did and I don't know what they done with the rest of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if you were putting up a wire fence you'd have to dig a hole for the the put 303: Post. Put up the post. Interviewer: Okay. And did you ever hear of a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock? 303: Yeah. A rock fence. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: I've built 'em {X} Around the creek ba- back to turn the water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: I know exactly what that is. And some people got 'em built in today in different places up and down these hollows where the water gets unruly. Just keep it from it spreading over the bottom field. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um. And if you had a really nice set of dishes chances are it'd be made out of? 303: China. Interviewer: Okay did you ever see an egg made out of this? 303: Ever see what? Interviewer: An egg made out of this? 303: Eggs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Made out of this material. 303: No. I don't believe I have. Interviewer: Okay um. Okay you mentioned buckets some. 303: Cedar buckets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Well I well I used to have one I wished I had it right today. I give it away. And now that cedar bucket is worth all the time and money I have. Have nothing. A fellow over here made 'em. His cedar bucket for water week. Well uh back yonder up from the house small or that keep the cedar bucket put water in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh. {D: Heaper time} you get a new one. On start you taste that cedar 'til it got old. Or either wait to keep from tasting the cedar they did a painted it bucket inside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And that kept the cedar from {NW} {X} the water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {NW} But after you go so long you leave it to sit. Interviewer: What what would you carry milk in? 303: Pail. Interviewer: Is that different-? 303: A long uh pail or long tin bucket or either flat tin bucket Interviewer: What tin? 303: Flat tin bucket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Now that's a old one I know you never seen {X} never seen it. Never seen a long tin bucket. But now when I was working in Statesville I was on top of the hill uh while I was uh digging tin for mr Eulis Armstrong Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: I was about thirty-five year old. No I don't believe I {D: talked about that all.} No I wouldn't have. About S- seventeen eighteen some along there. And uh I laid down and went to sleep on the hill. Really big hill. States- about mile and half from Statesville place called Statesville down in the bottom. And I go over there and mi- bout a mile and a half on top of that gravel hill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh ate my dinner had no water there hadn't then eh I laid down on the gravel. What had been piled up. For snakes I mean to to get 'em out of the tater patch and everything they had a oh about as high as my head all around. I just laid down on the ones {X} And I hear something crawling. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: I waked up and then it was a rattlesnake. Interviewer: Oh really? 303: Rattlesnake. Interviewer: What'd you do? 303: I got up and caught him. Got up and caught him. And that made me think of that long tin bucket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: I caught that snake and put it him in that bucket. And brought him down there mile and a half down to Statesville where all the white people and colored people could see him. I kept him there three weeks. And uh way I done I's young and had a Dennis kept a kept a silk handkerchief in his pocket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And I thought of that I caught a {D: four good stick.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Sorta like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh After I caught the snake or when I when I first went o- went to catch him he coiled up. Well I just stood there and wait 'til they gotta 'un- {D: mat thems.} And we went trolling on off. {X} 303: {D: Floor} belonged to {X} To make {X} on the hill. Take it up on a wheelbarrow And I found this old book had been laying there for a year. But it's pretty good bucket I put the snake in it. And uh. It fill that long tin bucket up and {X} bucket is about that high. {D: Look around} and he fill that long tin bucket up. And when I- when he got I wrapped him down in there. And I tied a string on that side of his neck and one on this side. I tied it to the {X} bucket to that hand. Tied it. And go down there and try to wash my hands. {X} {D: looped it.} Then I drawed it up just like I wanted and cut old {X} tied him to here that bucket. Got me a stick then. And uh put him on my back and went on to town with him. Interviewer: {NW} 303: And that's all I wants to talk about. But now {NW} I done that and and the white people {D: stay 'til} there's plenty of 'em married and living {D: another day knows.} Seen him. Interviewer: {X} 303: But some of 'em said uh they wouldn't have done it for nothing but I didn't know better at that time. And {D: now is there anything else?} Interviewer: Um. Yeah wha- what did you call the container that you use to carry food to the pigs in? 303: I call it a slop bucket. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And um. Let's say if you went out and decide if you decide to plant some flowers inside the house what would you plant 'em in? You'd call that a? 303: Call that a A cr- a crop bowl. Or bowl of a stone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {X} I know why {X} around here and all I did have Been {X} And and uh uh what's churning. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: My mama used to churn. We had a calf. She made butter and she had a cedar dasher. Went in this churn churn it's out there and right out there and had that shop just about that high. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh. She put it in this churn. And uh sometimes we had a cedar churn. And we had a stone churn. Now the stone churns out that and uh. the dash is out there somewhere I seen it. And uh. The men are trying to buy it from me I won't sell it at all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And that's called a what'd I call it? Interviewer: A churn? 303: A churn. It's called a churn. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what would you call something that might have out in your backyard to to heat up water to boil the clothes in? 303: Well You can have a thing you call a pot or a kettle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Either one {D: could answer.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. What if you you cut some flowers and wanted to keep them inside of the house. You'd put that in a? 303: Put that in a bowl. Crop crop bowl. Interviewer: Okay but another name for it. 303: Uh? Interviewer: Va- Vase or vase or- {C: pronunciation} 303: A vase. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Or- or- or either bowl of pu- put it in a vase. And uh. Interviewer: Okay and if you were gonna um you sat the table you put out a plate and then you'd um give everyone a? 303: Uh. Fork and a knife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if they then had coffee they need to stir that? 303: You give everyone sit everyone cup and a saucer. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 303: #2 to the plate. # Interviewer: And to to um. Get the sugar out you'd use a? 303: Sugar bowl. Interviewer: Okay but you wouldn't use a fork you'd use a? 303: Spoon. Interviewer: Okay. And say. Say if you were had three people leading you. Had three forks on the table and three? 303: Oh. Three people? Interviewer: Yeah. Three three forks and three spoons and three? 303: Well you'd want you'd want uh three knives. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 303: #2 And three spoons. # Interviewer: Okay. And if the- the dishes were all dirty you'd say oh I have to go what the dishes? 303: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 I have to go? # 303: Well. You say well we're done the dishes got to be washed and put away. Interviewer: Okay. So you say I have to go wa- have to go? 303: I don't know the answer to that. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You say after she washes the dishes then she? 303: #1 Dry. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: Dries the dishes. Interviewer: Okay but when she's got soap on them then she what them in clear water then she? 303: Wash 'em. Interviewer: Okay. What about when she runs clear water over that you'd say over the soapy dishes you'd say she? 303: She's rinsing 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you call the cloth or rag you use when you're washing dishes? 303: Ta- ta- {D: another} towel {X} {D: kip-} no. I call it a {X} Napkin. No I think. No it ain't napkin. Interviewer: When you're washing dishes though. 303: Well you wash 'em with a dish rag. Interviewer: Okay. 303: {D: We call it.} Interviewer: Then to dry them? 303: {NW} You dry 'em with a hand towel. Interviewer: Okay. You ever hear that called anything else? 303: {NW} Interviewer: Ever hear of cup cup towel? 303: Yeah I've heard of a cup towel. Interviewer: What's that? 303: That's to dry dishes with. Cup towel. Interviewer: And um. What do you call the thing the cloth that you use to bathe your face with? 303: Well you call that {NS} a face towel {NS} or- Interviewer: To wash your face with. 303: Wash pan. Interviewer: Yeah but the cloth you'd use. 303: Oh. {NS} Towel. Interviewer: Okay. You ever hear of wash rag or wash cloth or face cloth? 303: Yes I've heard of them. Interviewer: What what did you call that? 303: Oh. Wash cloth uh. It's a cloth that you wash after you're done using it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. And if you wanted to pour yourself a glass of water you'd go up to the sink and you'd turn on the? 303: Faucet. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call something similar to that that you might have outside to hook a hose up to? 303: Why. Faucet? Interviewer: Okay. Um. You say it was so cold last night that our water pipes? 303: M- uh. Burst. Interviewer: Okay. And you say um if it gets much colder the water pipes might? 303: Might burst. Interviewer: Okay. Um. This is something that people used to buy flour in big container and you might have to roll it off the wagon using a couple of logs or boards. 303: It's called a a barrel. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 303: #2 A barrel. # Interviewer: And. What about something smaller than that that- 303: #1 Keg. # Interviewer: #2 {D: got a tap} # Huh? 303: Keg. Interviewer: Keg okay. And what did say fifty pounds of molasses or or fifty pounds of lard used to come in? You'd call that a? 303: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 Say- # fifty pounds of lard? 303: Fifty po- Uh I don't understand that. Interviewer: What say if you bought um say fifty pounds of lard. 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Would you have a special name for that? 303: Let's see. Uh you could call it I bought fifty pounds of grease. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Would you call it a stand of lard? 303: Uh I'd call it a stand of lard. Interviewer: You heard that word around here? 303: Yes ma'am Interviewer: Okay um. And if you were gonna pour something from a container from a big container into a container with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling you'd use a? 303: Funnel. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster you'd hit 'em with a? 303: Whip. Interviewer: Okay. And if you bought some things at the store the grocer might put them in a? {NS} 303: In a s- sack or in a pan. Interviewer: Okay. 303: O- Interviewer: What would the sack be made out of? 303: Paper. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. What what about flour? What would that come in? 303: Flour? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: It'd come in a uh b- b- b- bag. I'd call it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what about feed for cattle? 303: Feed for cattle. Interviewer: Uh-huh that rough rough material? 303: Uh you talking about hay? Or you talking about- Interviewer: The bag or sack. 303: Bag. Uh sack. We used to call it a bag. Or either you could call it a sack of feed or either one of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. You mentioned tow sack earlier. 303: A tow s- {NS} Interviewer: Is that that real rough cloth? 303: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And say you took corn to the mill to be ground. Um. You might take one bushel or two bushels or whatever you know. You'd call that a? How much you'd call that a? What? 303: Well. I don't exactly get that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression a turn of corn? 303: Yeah a turn. Yeah. Interviewer: What what does that mean? 303: That means um uh sack or half a sack. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Or turn of corn. Interviewer: Is that how much you take at one time or? 303: Yes if uh uh didn't ha- have pretty good turn that morning. Bags or sack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {X} And that would call it a bag of flour bag of corn or whatever it is. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And. What would you call the amount of wood that you can carry with both your arms? 303: {D: Stole of wood.} Interviewer: Okay but The if you're taking it so holding all the wood you can hold in both your arms you'd call that you'd say you had a? What of wood? 303: {NW} I had a armful. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And when the light burns out in an electric lamp now you'd have to screw in a new? 303: Another bulb. Interviewer: What kind of bulb? 303: Elec- electric bulb. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And if you want to carry the wash out to hang it up on the line you'd carry it out in a? 303: In a in a dish pan. Interviewer: Okay or a clothes 303: dish- dish pan. Interviewer: Or clothes ba- something they might have now. 303: Uh. Interviewer: A clothes? {NS} ba- 303: Uh I don't understand it like #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 What about # basket? 303: A basket yeah. Interviewer: Okay um. Now what runs around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 303: Runs around the barrel and holds the wood in place? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {D: A hoops} Interviewer: Okay. And suppose you open a bottle and you didn't want the liquid to spill out you might stick in a? 303: A stopper. Interviewer: Okay. What would that be made out of? 303: Made out of cork. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Now this is a musical instrument. That you blow on like and go like this. 303: Mm-hmm. Uh. {D: Calling it} a harp. Interviewer: Okay. A harp? 303: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: What's Okay um. What about something that you'd go like um hold between your teeth and go like this? 303: {NW} Uh I don't know a comb I reckon. Uh uh uh. Um. Used to when I had good teeth put the comb up there and piece of paper and I'd blow it it'd make a terrible racket Interviewer: {NW} 303: {X} ringing everywhere. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay this harp that you mentioned what did you call that? That had another name? Do you call it French harp or mouth harp? 303: A French harp. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 303: #2 or a # mouth mouth harp either one. Interviewer: They're the same thing? 303: Mm no. {NW} A little different. French harp. Mouth harp. Well I don't know uh any different. don't know what they {X} {NS} Interviewer: What about something that you'd put in between your teeth and hold between your teeth and 303: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 and you # twang it? 303: It's a Jew's harp. Interviewer: Okay. And the thing that you pound nails with you call that the? 303: You have to explain that again. Interviewer: A- what tools might you have around the house? 303: Oh well. {X} pick shovel anything like that. Hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Now suppose you had a wagon and two horses. What do you call the long wooden piece that comes between the horses? 303: Uh. Tongue. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have a horse pulling a buggy before you hitch him up you have to back him between the? 303: Shaft. Interviewer: Okay. And. Now talk about parts of a wagon wheel. Now the very inside would be called the hub. 303: Yeah. Interviewer: And the spokes come out and what do they fit into? 303: They fit into the hub. Interviewer: Okay but coming out though they fit into the? 303: Wheel. The rim. Interviewer: Okay. And if what is there something that goes over the rim? 303: Piece of iron. Interviewer: Okay. What part what do you call that? 303: You call that the rimming. Interviewer: The what? 303: Wheel rim. Interviewer: Okay. Is that the part that touches the ground? 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The rim touches the ground? 303: No. No. The rim don't touch the ground it's the I forgot what they call it. It's Interviewer: Call it t- 303: Tar. The the tar. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Do you ever hear of felly or feller? Part of the wagon wheel? 303: Yeah. The f- feller feller. Yes uh. I know what to tell but I can't call it. Interviewer: Is it something the spokes go into? 303: The feller? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: No I- I'm I'm stalled up on that. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Now suppose you have a horse hitched up to a wagon. What do you call the thing that the the traces hook onto? 303: Single tree. Interviewer: Okay. And suppose you have two horses. 303: Then you'd have to have two single trees. Interviewer: Okay. And they- they'd be hooked onto the? 303: Wagon. Interviewer: Okay. You ever would that be called a double? 303: It's called a double tree. Double str- sing- uh double trees. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Suppose there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a chain to it and I what it out of the way? And I? 303: Moved it out of the way. Interviewer: Okay or another word you might use? And I? 303: I drug it out of the way. Interviewer: Okay. You say. We have what many logs out of this road? 303: Many rocks. Interviewer: Many logs we have- 303: Oh. Well I don't know the answer. Interviewer: Okay but using that same word you'd say we have what? many logs out of the 303: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 road. # With these chains we have 303: {D: many} A logs has been moved out. Interviewer: Okay or have been? 303: Moved. Interviewer: Okay or another word? 303: Out of the way. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What do you use to break up the ground with in the spring? 303: Plough. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of ploughs? 303: Yeah there there's uh different {NW} there's {D: shovels} Interviewer: There's a what? 303: {D: A shovels plough} and a {D: Chattanooga} and uh there's another one too but I can't think {X} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 303: #2 or like # that. Interviewer: What about s- something that breaks up the ground even finer than that? 303: Uh. Not a turning plow but a garden tiller. Interviewer: Okay um. Have you ever heard of a dis- {D: something disc-}? 303: {D: Disc} Interviewer: Yeah. But you ever heard of a 303: Mm-hmm. It's- Interviewer: Something that um is not a plough it's something a little bit different. 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And it breaks up the ground real fine. 303: That's what you call {D: distin} {D: bob disc.} Interviewer: You ever heard of a harrow or harrow? {C: pronunciation} 303: Yeah. A harrow Interviewer: What's that like? 303: That's a something you run over the ground to to make it loose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And break up the clots. Interviewer: Okay um. And what do you call the things that the wheels of the wagon fit into? 303: The hub. Interviewer: Okay but. Each wheel that fits into the thing that goes across. 303: Uh that's the felloe. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 303: The rim or either the felloe some of 'em call it. Interviewer: Okay what about ax- axle? A- 303: Axel. Axel. Interviewer: Okay um. If you were gonna chop wood you might put it on this X-shaped frame. What would you call that? 303: A chopping block. Interviewer: Okay but a frame that you might make out of boards. 303: Frame. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Shaped like a X you know? 303: Yeah. Interviewer: And you put one end of the log down in that- 303: Oh that's a glut or a wedge. Either one. Interviewer: That's called a what? 303: Glut. Interviewer: Glut? 303: Glut or a wedge. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Glut or a wedge. Interviewer: What does that look like exactly? 303: This wedge {X} head up there square head. And uh that you stick it in the log and tap it with a steel hammer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And then bust this out. And you take two of 'em bust 'em out straight like you wanted to {X} good straight wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Or in a wedge is is made just like a steel uh the wedge is uh just made like the steel uh wedge. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Only it's made by hand. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And that's what you call a glut. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 303: #2 And uh. # The other one is a wedge it's uh made of steel and it's about that long. And you bust wood with it or start your shingles with it go in back yonder when they made boards. They had 'em in there they've got that uh on the board {X} that what they call it made it. Like a L it's got a blade on it and sits out thataway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And you took you hit that bust them boards with it. That's the blade's about that long. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And you bust the {X} with it or you bust more wide with it. Interviewer: Okay um. Okay. Um. You'd fix your hair using a comb and a? 303: Well you'd use some kind of liquid or water on it Interviewer: Okay. But a woman would use a comb and then something else would be called a? 303: A {NW} Interviewer: Comb and a bru- 303: Comb. Uh I forgot what they call it. I can't call it. Interviewer: Okay um. You'd sharpen a straight razor using a leather? 303: Yeah. Interviewer: Leather what? 303: Leather strop. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you put in a pistol? 303: Cartridges Interviewer: Mm-kay. And. This is something that children play on it's a board that rests on a trestle and it goes up and down. 303: A seesaw. Interviewer: Okay. And if you saw some children playing on these you'd say that they were? 303: Seesawing. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Did you ever call that any other word when you were growing up? 303: I don't believe we did. Interviewer: Okay. What about something that would go around and around? 303: Around. It's a wheel I reckon. Interviewer: Okay but something that is be a board rested on a trestle then it turn around. 303: It's what you call uh Uh. I know what it is but I can't call it. Uh. Kite not a kite but a {NW} sorta made like a fan mill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Wind turned it around and around. Interviewer: No I'm not thinking of that something that that children play on they sit on it #1 and then it # 303: #2 Oh. # Mm. Oh uh it's a Uh. It ain't a seesaw. Uh. It's a r- it's a a carnival it's a uh going around and around I forgot what they call that. #1 Crash wheel. # Interviewer: #2 You ever- # Now it's it's going not going around like that. 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a flying Jenny or a riding horse or? 303: Mm Interviewer: Anything like that? 303: No. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Sort of a # merry-go-round that you make yourself. 303: N- no I I forgot what they call it I've heard it called too but I can't I can't call it now to save my life. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You might tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a sw- seat on it and you'd make a- 303: Swing. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what do you carry coal in? 303: Coal bucket. Interviewer: Okay. And. On a stove what do you have that carries the smoke out? 303: Uh. Pipe. Interviewer: What kind of pipe? 303: Tin pipe. Interviewer: Okay and then the pipe fits into the? 303: Joint of the stove. Interviewer: Okay. What's the flue? 303: Flue is a is for the smoke is for the flue to come through to go out. It it lets escape the smoke. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {NW} Protects the house. Interviewer: So the pipe fits into the flue? 303: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Okay um. This is something you might use to carry bricks or something heavy {X} It's got a little wheel in front and two handles. 303: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: hand barrow. I mean wheel barrow. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what might you use to sharpen your tools on? 303: A grindstone. Interviewer: Okay. What about something smaller than that? 303: F- file. Interviewer: Okay you every heard of a whet? 303: Whet rock Interviewer: What's that? 303: That's to sharpen your knives with if you want to {D: it's small.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. 303: {X} summertime. cut 'em up in wintertime. Interviewer: Did your wife handle all that? 303: Uh yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 303: #2 Yes ma'am # Oh she {X} around thirty forty {D: hens} {D: bins and things} make my way {D: to get her so she} {X} Interviewer: {X} 303: And that's- people come {D: I'd be in there} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And I'd give 'em a can from the {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {NW} Interviewer: Did you always have a garden? 303: Yes ma'am. Always had a garden ever since I come in. {D: Up until now.} Interviewer: You got one now though don't you? 303: {D: Pardon?} Interviewer: You's you have one now? 303: Yeah. Done got it planted. {NS} Interviewer: Is it not as big as- 303: No the {X} like a {X} down the road and cool rain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Water standing in part of it. Hit the ground {X} I don't {X} twice. This {X} twice. Cuz I have it tied up on account of rain {D: packed up} and got it's hard {D: when you come up there} go in there plough it out again. Plant it over. Interviewer: Mm. What'd you say you had planted in there? 303: Uh. Corn. {D: Roasting their} corn. Beans. Cabbage. {X} potatoes. A few years of pumpkin. {X} okra and uh. A bunch of peas sowed down there {D: for the} great {X} I had put up for {X} nothing but never need to raise none and never did {X} Interviewer: You had {D: put up} for work? 303: {X} Uh. Uh. Uh. Dinner used to have 'em and I run of the trees. To plant and and I guess some {X} white lady saw them out down there. And uh then they never did come never did start out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And I guess they must've been dead when I set 'em out. The already been all {D: over} that place down there but now they {X} if it'd lived Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay um. 303: {NW} Interviewer: You say you're it fits your {X} using a comb and what? 303: How's that? Interviewer: If. If a woman wanted to fix her hair she'd use a comb 303: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 and a? # What else? 303: Mm. A {X} or oil or something. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a a something that has 303: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 bristles? # 303: Or- Interviewer: Or 303: Brush. Interviewer: Okay. 303: Brush. Interviewer: And she was gonna use that you'd say she was gonna? 303: {D: When it} I don't understand it. Interviewer: If she was gonna use this brush you'd say she was gonna? 303: Brush her hair. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay um. The thing that that you drive around nowadays? 303: It's called a car or a truck. Interviewer: Okay. And if something was leaking and you were gonna lubricate it you'd put- 303: Mm. Interviewer: put that hard solid stuff on it. 303: That's uh uh {X} {X} not hard but it's uh. Uh. I forgot what they call it. Interviewer: What about gre- 303: Huh? Grease. Interviewer: Okay. {X} You say um the car is squeaking so I'm going to? 303: Grease it. Interviewer: Okay. And so you say yesterday he what the car? Yesterday he? 303: {X} I didn't quite understand. Interviewer: Okay say the car was squeaking yesterday so he? 303: Yeah. Well he greased it and it stopped. Interviewer: Okay. And if grease got all over your hands you say your hands were all? 303: Dirty. Interviewer: Okay or all gre- 303: Greasy. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 303: #2 Or greasy. # Interviewer: Um. What do you call the stuff that you used to burn in lamps? 303: Kerosene. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for it? 303: The lamp oil. Interviewer: Okay. 303: Or like uh Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever um. Have you ever heard of making when you when you were growing up did you ever um do remember ever making a lamp? 303: Yes. I remember {D: nana} making a grease lamp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Uh. Put the grease in the pan. And uh wrap it. Uh. In rags. Uh. Yarn rags if you got 'em, {D: Which seep} better than cotton rag. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And grease it right and bring it in there and lay a piece of the {D: lard} on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {D: It did the pan} then set the fire and burn all day all night. Long as there was grease in the pan. Interviewer: And you call that a grease lamp? 303: Call that a grease lamp. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Inside the tire of a car you have the? Inner- What? 303: Inside. Interviewer: Yeah of the tire. Of the car. 303: Uh. I'd call it the wheel. Interviewer: Okay but inside the tire. 303: #1 The inner tube. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. And. Now suppose someone had just built a boat. And they were gonna put it in the water for the first time. 303: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You'd say that they were going to? 303: Uh. {D: Go on there} put it on the water. Interviewer: Okay. Would you use another word for that? Would you say going to {X}? 303: How's that? Interviewer: Would you use another word for that? 303: Uh. Interviewer: Let's say they got a launch the boat. 303: {X} Go on and wash the boat off. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of boats um might you have like? Boat you might have to go fishing in or something like that? 303: Why. I'd forgot what they call them boats but. It's a- Uh. I got {D: just down on} {X} can't think of what it is. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Say that a child was just learning to dress himself. 303: Mm. Interviewer: The mother would bring in the clothes and tell him here- your clothes here 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What i- what would you say? 303: You say well oh I brought your clothes in and uh for you to put on. Interviewer: Okay. Or you might just tell him that here? 303: Here is your clothes. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And um. If a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a? 303: Take along the color uh uh a little piece. to to iden- identify the dress she wanna buy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call that little piece? 303: Uh. A {X} {X} like that I don't know exactly what they- Interviewer: Yeah would call it {X} {X} 303: {D: Set a sample} Yes that's what they they call it a sample. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And she saw a dress that she liked very much she might say that dress is very? 303: Th- the that's {NW} dresses. There {X} {X} {D: buy enough}. Interviewer: Okay. And if she sees a dress that is very becoming on her she might say that that that's a very- 303: That's the very dress that I would like to choose. Interviewer: Okay. And. She might say the dress is beautiful or she might just use another word she might say the dress is pre- 303: Pretty. Interviewer: Okay. And a little girl might tell her mother Well Susie's dress was pretty but mine is even? 303: Well. I'm stalling right there. Interviewer: Okay that. What might a women wear over her dress in the kitchen? 303: Apron. Interviewer: Okay. And to sign your name in ink you'd use a? 303: Ink pen. Interviewer: Okay. And to hold a baby's diaper in place you'd use a? 303: Safety pin. Interviewer: Okay. And um. Soup that you buy usually comes in a? 303: A what'd you say? Interviewer: Soup that you buy. 303: Soup comes in a can. Interviewer: What kind of can? 303: Uh comes in a tin can. Interviewer: Okay. And a dime is worth? 303: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. If it was real cold outside before you went out you might put on a? 303: A coat. Interviewer: Okay. And men sometimes wear they put on a shirt and then they before they put on their coat they put on a? 303: Undershirt. Interviewer: Okay but over the shirt. Okay. Something sleeveless? 303: Is it a. They put on a. Interviewer: Say if they were wearing a a suit. 303: Um. Interviewer: To go somewhere like. 303: Well they Interviewer: We were dressing up. 303: Then they'd put on a their underwear. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um. 303: #1 {D: First} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh what about Um. I'm thinking of um you have on you have on a shirt. And. Then before they put on their coat they put on this little sleeveless thing. That buttons down the front. 303: That's called a a jacket. Or either. It's called something else. {X} It ain't called a scarf I don't think. Interviewer: What about vest? 303: A vest. Yeah that's what it is a vest. Interviewer: Okay. Is one of those words more old-fashioned than another? 303: Well. The old one the fashion word is a is a jacket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay so you say that a suit consists of a coat a jacket and then what else? 303: S- suit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Uh the. Uh the suit's put over the jacket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um. So you have the the coat and the vest and then this would be? What do you wear over your legs? What's it called? 303: Uh stockings. Interviewer: Okay but a man. Um um do you say pants or trousers or? 303: P- pants. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Or either trousers. Interviewer: Okay um. And. What you're wearing now. 303: Uh. Overalls. Interviewer: Okay. And um. Say you go outdoors in the winter without your coat. Um. You might ask someone to to go back inside and what me my coat? Go back inside and {X} 303: {X} Interviewer: Okay {X} 303: {X} Interviewer: Okay but {X} you say he went inside the house and he what me my coat? 303: {X} Interviewer: {X} 303: Bring. {X} Bring me my coat. Interviewer: Okay. So you say so then he went back inside the house and he what me my coat? He? 303: Maybe didn't find it. Interviewer: Okay but if he did find it. Then he He said he. He found it and he what it to me he? 303: I brought it to you. Interviewer: Okay. And you say here I had what you your coat here I 303: Well. You stumped me again right there. {X} Interviewer: You say here I brought you your coat here I brung you Your coat or what? 303: Um. Bring me your coat. Or. That's the nearest I know to it. Interviewer: #1 Okay it's # 303: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Huh? 303: That's the nearest I know to that answer. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You say that coat won't fit this year. but last year it what perfectly? Last year it- 303: It fit perfectly last year but {X} and it's too small. Interviewer: Okay. And. You say if you'd just bought a suit it wouldn't be an old one it would be a? 303: Newer. Interviewer: Or a new what? A new s- 303: New new suit. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And if you stuck a lot of things in your pockets it makes them 303: Uh. {X} It dresses it off. Interviewer: It what? 303: Dresses it off. If I stuck a lot of things in my pocket Interviewer: Uh-huh 303: {D: Pocketbook} knife something like that {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay or it makes your pockets? What out? It makes 'em. 303: It makes 'em flatten out. Interviewer: Okay what about bu- 303: {D: Bulks.} Or Interviewer: Do you say bulge out or bulge out or {C: pronunciation}? 303: Yeah bulged out. Bulged out. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You'd say well that that shirt used to fit me fine but. I washed it and it? 303: It's drawed up Interviewer: Okay or it. Another word for that it? 303: {D: Has shrinked.} Interviewer: Okay. And you say say every shirt I've washed recently has? 303: {NW} {D: Shrunk up} {X} right there Interviewer: Okay but the same word. Say it seems that every shirt I've washed recently has 303: Sh- shrunk. Interviewer: Okay. And you say I hope this new shirt won't 303: Shrink. Interviewer: Okay. If a woman likes to put on good clothes and spends a lot of time in front of the mirror making herself look pretty you say that she likes to? 303: Primp. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words for that? 303: Uh. No more that I can think. Interviewer: Okay would would you say that a man likes to primp? 303: Yes. Yeah. Some men likes to primp. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. This is something a little {X} container that's got a little clasp on it. And. You can carry coins in. 303: Mm. It's a pocketbook. Interviewer: Okay. What about um another name for that? 303: Purse. Interviewer: Huh? 303: My let's see. I forgot the other name. Interviewer: What about something that a woman would carry over her arm? 303: That's a that's a pocketbook. Interviewer: Okay. Can you think of another name? 303: No I can't. But there is another name. But I can't think- Interviewer: #1 What about # 303: #2 of it. # Interviewer: Pur- 303: Uh Purse. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What is this is a piece of jewelry that a woman might wear around her wrist. 303: {NW} You'd call that a bracelet. Interviewer: Okay. And. This is something that's a lot of little things strung up together. And. {X} {X} 303: {X} {D: But I can't think of it} {X} Interviewer: {X} {X} {X} {X} Okay would you say string of beads or 303: String of beads. {X} string of beads. Interviewer: {X} Okay. And this is something that men used to wear to hold up their trousers. 303: Galluses. Interviewer: Okay. And if it was raining outside you might carry a? 303: Umbrella. Interviewer: A what? 303: Umbrella Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what's the last thing that you put on a bed? You know the fancy top cover. 303: Counterpane. Interviewer: Okay. And um. At the end of the day you put your head on a? 303: Pillow. Interviewer: Okay. What about something about twice as long as a pillow? 303: Bolster. Interviewer: Okay. You say how about far across did the bolster 303: #1 It # Interviewer: #2 go # 303: goes straight across from here. Interviewer: Oh I see. Do you remember having those? 303: Huh? Interviewer: Do you remember having those? 303: Yes ma'am. I remember using that. Interviewer: Okay and uh this is something that women might piece together to put on a bed for warmth. 303: Piece together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: A spread. Interviewer: Okay what was that like? 303: Huh? Interviewer: What was the spread like? 303: Well I guess it's more like a quilt. {X} {D: That's called a spread.} Interviewer: {X} {X} {X} um material? 303: {D: Cloth.} Interviewer: What kind? {X} 303: {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um. But has a fancy um design on it? Like a quilt? 303: Ye- yeah sort of yes ma'am. and it's got pretty flowers on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay say. Um. Say you have a lot of company over you didn't have enough beds you might make a little thing on the floor for children. 303: Yes. Pallet. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} And you say um. We expect a a big crop from that field this year because the soil is very? 303: Wet. Interviewer: Okay. Or. You want to say the soil is very rich. 303: #1 Oh- okay # Interviewer: #2 You say. # The soil is very- 303: Dry. Interviewer: Okay what about very fer-? 303: Huh? Interviewer: What about the word fertile? 303: Fertilize. Interviewer: Huh? 303: W- w- w- you need fertilizer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um. What do you call land that's lies along a stream? And that's um overflowed in the spring. 303: Well that's what they call low low place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And a field or in a s- side of a creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's bottom land? 303: It's Interviewer: a box 303: bottom land that's uh ten fifteen twenty acres long side down in the level Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 303: #2 like this floor. # So many acres in it. It's called a bottom land. Interviewer: Is it {X} 303: A place for the water to drain. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you call the little things that they'd dig? For the water to drain off? 303: {D: Uh.} They'd call it digging a ditch. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And do you have names for different types of soil? Like soil that's- 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Very wet {X} {C: bad feedback on the tape} 303: Well Top of the land. Sandstone land. Hill land and bottom land. Interviewer: Uh-huh what's what's that first thing you reach in tops? 303: What? Interviewer: What's that first thing you reach in? Top- 303: Popular land Interviewer: What's that? 303: That's land {C:bad tape} very loose and rich. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So it's good for? 303: {X} {C: bad tape} Interviewer: Okay. Um. What's loam? 303: Loam. Interviewer: Or loam. 303: Uh. Interviewer: Do you ever heard about a kind of soil called that? 303: A kind of soil. Interviewer: A kind of soil. 303: Ye- uh. They call it I've been uh. The soil {X} rich they call it poor land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: It ain't rich. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And you have to build it up by sowing it down and putting fertilizer on. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # What about the other kind of land soil that is rich what do you call that? 303: Uh we call that black black dirt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Where it's very rich. And we got a {X} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: It ain't rich. {X} Have to be like {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um. What would you call a- {NS} {C: overlap} a deep narrow valley? That had been cut by a stream? And say it's about ten feet deep and ten feets across. It's in a field. 303: That would be a would be of course {C: overlap} a ditch. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What about if there'd been a heavy rainfall and the rain had cut out a little channel across a road or a field? 303: Well. That's {NS} Uh. Call it a drain. For the water to go down. {NS} {C: overlap} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Now say you have a a creek. um what else might you have? 303: {NS} A creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Well. Uh you could say this creek running round my field or it's overflowing it coming right through my field. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: I've got to have that built up the drain. Interviewer: What about something smaller than a creek? Would you have a name for 303: #1 Branch. # Interviewer: #2 that? # 303: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. Um. Anything else? 303: Mm. N- not at Interviewer: Um. Do you ever heard of a fork? What's what's that mean? A fork. 303: A fork. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Uh that's a um {D: it goes in} the hay field. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Or it's {X} Interviewer: But talking about um {X} What are the names of some of the streams and creeks around here? 303: {D: The answer}. Interviewer: The names of some. 303: Uh. Smith Fork Creek. Interviewer: What does the fork mean there? {X} 303: Fork is creek. That means the fork is a creek is another stream running in on its side and they call that a fork in a stream of the stream. Interviewer: Oh I see. Any other creeks or streams around here? 303: Yeah there's Beech Log Branch {D: now} Beech Log Branch Interviewer: Anything else? 303: {NW} That's all I can give you on that. Interviewer: Isn't there some round round li- 303: Huh? Roun- li- uh {X} Round Lick Creek. And uh {D: Rocking} Branch Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 303: #2 Creek. # Creek. Interviewer: What does the word {D: lick you made} 303: Lake Interviewer: No lick. A round lick- 303: A round lick. They're French The name. For the person that used to live there on the and uh that's what they named it. Interviewer: I see. Okay um. What would you call a very small rise in land? 303: Rise. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: It means price? Interviewer: No. Um. Say if the land's one level but it just went up a little bit you'd call that a? That little rise would be called a? 303: Boulder bank. Interviewer: Okay. What about something that it just came up a little higher. You call it a? 303: A hill. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And to to open the door you'd take hold of the door? 303: Nub Interviewer: Okay. Do you say a word nub talking about um land? 303: Uh. I don't know that Interviewer: That doesn't sound familiar? 303: Huh? Interviewer: It doesn't sound familiar Something nub? Talking about land. 303: Uh. It call you mean {X} land? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: I've m- they call it {D: a comfort} {X} {X} You've got something sold you wanna mash it or {X} That's what the man says. Is in that. And don't you have {D: severe.} Interviewer: Yeah. 303: Or. And uh. Uh that's all I know about that. Interviewer: Okay. What about something much much bigger than a hill? You'd call that a? 303: Mountain. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call the rocky {D: climbing} mountain that drops off real sharp? 303: {NW} Call that the sharp side of the mountain. Interviewer: Okay but the rocky side that that it drops off real sharp. 303: {NW} {X} Interviewer: Would you call it a cli- 303: A quick. Interviewer: A cliff? 303: A cliff. A cliff oh. Interviewer: Okay um. And up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place. And I'm not talking about a valley now. 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Cuz it's still up in the mountains. You call that a? 303: Swag. Interviewer: A swag? 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What's what's that like? 303: Uh. That's the s- Just {D: stick something out} and {X} to get up on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh. Sometimes a swag both ways go leading off mountain both ways. Or the {X} called {X} a swag. And on top of the mountain. Then there's I don't know nothing else. To say about it. That's all I know. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. If you were gonna um cut some if you made a little V-shaped cut in a log. 303: In a lot? Interviewer: A log. 303: Oh. Interviewer: Would you what would you call that? 303: A V? Interviewer: Yeah. Would you have a say would you call it a no-? 303: A a knot. Interviewer: What? Notch? 303: The the knot. Interviewer: If you take a piece of wood and you cut it diagonally in from both sides would you call that a notch? Do you use that word notch? 303: N- uh yes. They wouldn't not. Interviewer: What does that mean? 303: Well. Uh. We- I don't know exactly know wha- what it mean. Wouldn't exactly know what it mean. Interviewer: Okay and. What would you call the place where boats dock where crates unload? 303: Boat dock. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And say you had a stream and it was flowing along and all of a sudden it dropped of real sharp. 303: A stream of water? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then the water went on over this dropped. You call that a? 303: Call that a a dam. Interviewer: I'm not thinking about a dam. I'm seeing that saying that say the water is flowing along like this and all of a sudden it drops way down. And the water flows on over you call that a? 303: A range. Interviewer: No. Um. I'm thinking about when the water falls or 303: With rain? Interviewer: Huh? 303: We call it rain would Interviewer: No I'm talking about the stream. 303: A stream? We'd call that I'd call it the waterfall. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And. Now talking about roads. What would you call that um {NS} what do you call the important roads around here? 303: Well. Highway {D: setting} Interviewer: Uh-huh what's what kind of what's that made out of? You call that a? 303: {NW} It's a a major road {X} of {X} or {X} and they call it the highways {D: smoother}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a road made out of that white a white or or paved road? Kind of like a sidewalk. 303: That's concrete. Interviewer: Okay you call that a concrete road then? 303: Concrete road or concrete walk. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 303: #2 Even. # whatever you want to call it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And um. What about a little road that goes off the main road? What might you call that? 303: You call that a country road. Interviewer: Okay. And um. A road going down from the public road up to a man's house? 303: You call that a you'd call that a {D: place} I reckon. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. What about from um from the house to a barn? A road that you could drive your truck across. 303: Well that's called a the main road. Leaving from the house to the barn Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um. What about a road that has trees? Or a fence on both sides of it. 303: Well. I don't know what you might call it. {X} Interviewer: Do you ever use the word lane? 303: Yes. The lane. Interviewer: What does that mean? 303: That's that- can mean uh a road leading off from the main highway. You go on back up in the {D: har-} back to a man's farm. Interviewer: I see. Okay um. Something along the side of the street for people to walk on? 303: Pavement. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Say if you were walking on a road and a dog jumped out at you and scared you. What would you pick up and throw? 303: A rock. Interviewer: Okay. Um. So you what would you say you did you'd say you'd? 303: I'd say I {NW} hit him or knock him back he was b- biting me. Interviewer: You what? 303: I'd knock him back and Try to hit him with a rock keep him from biting me. Interviewer: Okay. Um. So you say I picked up the rock and I what? 303: Throwed it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Say if you went up to someone's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered you'd say oh I guess he's not? 303: He's not there. Interviewer: Okay or he's not? What? Home. He's not? 303: He's not at home. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And tell me about putting milk in your coffee? You'd say some people like coffee what milk? And others 303: He like cream than the milk in the coffee. Interviewer: Okay. Or talking about milk you'd say something like milk in they coffee so you say some people like coffee wi- 303: With milk. Interviewer: Okay and others? Don't like milk in their coffee they like their coffee? 303: Straight. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Or with- not with milk but with- 303: With w- water. Interviewer: Okay um. Okay if you don't say if you don't put milk in your tea you say you drink your tea? 303: Straight. Interviewer: Or. Withou- 303: Without milk. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If somebody was walking in your direction you'd say that he was coming straight? 303: Towards me. Interviewer: Okay. And say if you happen to seen someone that you hadn't seen in a long time say you went into town and you just happen to see this person. 303: Mm. Interviewer: You hadn't planned to you might say well this morning I ran? 303: Into my friend. Interviewer: Okay. And u- if a child is given the same name that her mother has. They say that they named the child what her mother? 303: Mm. You'd call that {D: a gender} Interviewer: Okay but. Um. A little girl is given the same name that her mother had. 303: Mm. Interviewer: You'd say they named the child? 303: After her mother. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um. Okay uh could you tell me something about the different kinds of animals that you might have around the farm? 303: Well. {NS} Cows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Male cow. Milk cows. Interviewer: Milk cow? 303: Me- male cow milk cows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other name for milking? 303: Yeah. A male cow a some people call it a bull. Interviewer: Okay. What else would you have? 303: {NW} And uh the calves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: A hundred and sixty pounds. two hundred pound one {X} A beef. The beef cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: But I'm saving to kill it for fall and get him fat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would call a little female calf? 303: {X} Interviewer: A female? 303: {X} Call it a little heifer. Interviewer: What about the male? 303: We'd call it call it a calf I reckon. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. What about the kind of animal that barks and that you might take him on hunting with you? 303: That's a coon dog or possum dog. Interviewer: Okay. 303: Whatever it is. Interviewer: Do you ever do you ever hunt for those? 303: No ma'am. Interviewer: Tell me about that. 303: Well I used to hunt 'em all the time. Dogs. Strap it track it. Run 'em sometimes five miles 'fore it's treed. And when it's treed sitting up in the tree with it's head up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And when the {X} make a noise he'll look down to see where we at. {X} As he looks at the land you get your gun ready when he looks down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: But you got to make a noise yous- {X} broken down {X} you step on the limbs sitting up looking. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Off the har- he won't look down at you if you make a little racket. {X} He'll look down to see see what it is. Trap him when he's looking down. Or you throw that flashlight up catch his eye before he turn his head sometime it's turning its head before you get a shot at it. Then uh. You make some more noise and be ready. And if throwing its eyes down on on the like that can see that right before you act. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Why then you're shooting right quickly. If you hit him and he jump out. Interviewer: Hmm. 303: Yep out right quick too. Don't care how high he is he's up in the tip top almost. He'll come out of there. Right on the ground. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay if you wanted your dog to attack another dog. What might you tell him? 303: You tell him to catch him. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Other names for different types of dogs like. Little mixed breed dog you might call a? 303: Do- yeah I know a lot but I can't think of it. Name. N- n- the stock of 'em? Interviewer: Um. No just what um. Let's say what would you call one of those big dogs with short hair? 303: Uh. A German police. Interviewer: Okay. Wha- what about cur- or scrub. 303: A cur. A cur dog. Interviewer: What's what's a cur dog? 303: Uh he's short-haired and uh brown or black. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh. Drooped ears. Crimped ears. Not straight up ears. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {X} Drop {NS} {X} Interviewer: What about a real little dog? 303: Poodle. Interviewer: Okay but what're those little noisy dogs that #1 just barks at- # 303: #2 Oh that- # I know though but I can't call the name of it. I've seen 'em anywhere. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a fo- {D: fost?} 303: Fo- First. Interviewer: Fost. Fost. 303: Yeah fox route feist A little {X} I've seen them. Interviewer: Little what? 303: They call 'em {D: fox trap} feist The little bitty dog that the little ear sticks up about that long. And that's small w- w- very small #1 than the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 303: Then there's another one they call a rat dog. Or the ra- rat tail. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: He's laid on the same {X} as the that I just told you about but But he's just a little bigger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: That's all that I can tell you about it. Interviewer: Okay um. If you had a real mean dog you might tell someone you better be careful that dog will? 303: Will bite you. Interviewer: Okay. And you say yesterday he? What the mailman yesterday he? 303: He bit the mailman yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. Now you say the mailman had to go to the doctor then after he got? 303: Home. Interviewer: Or after he got? After he was- 303: Gotten bit. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use the word dog bit? 303: How's that? Interviewer: You ever hear the expression dog bit? After someone got dog bit? 303: Yeah. A dog bit me. Yesterday. So on so on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say that I was dog bit yesterday? 303: I was dog bit yesterday. Interviewer: Does that sound natural to you to say that? 303: Nearest I know. Interviewer: Okay um. These are animals that you might use to plow with 303: They're called. Mules. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Suppose you had two of these working together that'd be a? 303: Double team. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. A double team? 303: Mm yes. Double team. Interviewer: How many mules is that? 303: That's two. That's what you'd call f- full team. Interviewer: How the full team is two mules? 303: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: What about four? 303: Four. Is a log wagon team. They're used for when they're hauling logs. Big logs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: The log wagon {D: shedded.} It takes four mules t- to move. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever um hear of some another kind of animal. Um. Sort of a it's a work animal sort of resembles bulls. 303: Well they call 'em ox. Oxes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: They put co- collars on 'em around their neck. {X} back to the wagon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And they that's they drive four. sometimes six. Well I forgot now what they call that. The name of it when it takes the other way. But they called it the ox wagon. Sometimes it have six. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Seen a ox when I was {X} ten year old. But I ain't Seen 'em. Since. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {NW} His wife ought to come up through the country where I live And he was a driving a herd. I believe they call 'em a herd. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And I think he had eight. And. And he was walking along behind the wagon. And the oxes was pulling. And pulling very slow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh. Guess there's somebody else coming. And you'd go on the way. Same way this kinda. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Have. another buggy or wagon he'd holler {NW} {C: animal call} {NW} {C: animal call} {NW} {C: animal call} And uh. Stop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And pull off. Then when he they got by he he hollered like a little bird again. {NW} {C: animal call} {X} Move on. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. If you had a a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say that the cow was going to? 303: Bring calf. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what do you call animals that you might ride? 303: Uh. Horse. Or a mule. Interviewer: Okay. Um the female would be called the? {NS} 303: Uh. The female would be called the horse. Interviewer: Is there another name for her? 303: {NW} {NW} Mm. Not any that I can think. Interviewer: What about ma- 303: Huh? Interviewer: Ma- Mare? 303: Uh. That {X} can't can't think. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the male? 303: Well. Of a horse? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Uh. He's called a Uh s- uh some they call 'em a stud. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other word? 303: Mm. Not that I can think of. Interviewer: Okay. You say everyone around here likes to what horses? 303: Like to work horses. Or ride horses. Interviewer: Okay. And you say last year he what his horse every day? 303: You got me blocked. Interviewer: Last year he got on his horse and he what his horse every day? 303: It- He rode his horse. Interviewer: Okay. You basically say but I had never what the horse? 303: #1 Ro- # Interviewer: #2 I- # 303: Rode a horse. Interviewer: Okay. And if you couldn't stay on you'd say oh well? 303: I fell off or he bucked me off. Interviewer: Okay or I fell I fell off 303: On the ground. Interviewer: Okay. Um. A little child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning. He'd say I guess I must've? 303: Fell out. Went to sleep and fell out the bed. Interviewer: Um. The things that you put on the horse's feet to protect them. You call those? 303: That's called the shoe. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And What about the game that you play with those? 303: Well. We'll play it uh horseshoe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Oh I forgot what they called it. But anyhow. They call it uh I can't think of it I gots {X} I remember playing out here. Last year somebody {X} me. But I now forgot what they call that game. Interviewer: They call it pitching- 303: Pitching horseshoe. That's right. Interviewer: What about the part of the part of the horse's feet that you know they {X} 303: The hoof. Interviewer: Okay. You call those the what? 303: {NS} The hoof of the horse's feet. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {D: In all} you'd a horse would have four of these. 303: {X} Interviewer: Well he had more than one hoof. 303: Oh yeah he's- Four. Interviewer: Of what? 303: Four hooves. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Do you ever own any sheep? 303: No ma'am. Interviewer: Do you know what they call a female sheep? 303: Buck. Interviewer: What about okay what about a female? 303: {D: Nun}. Interviewer: And this is for sheep? 303: {NW} I think it is. A wether. A wether. Interviewer: A what? 303: A wether. Interviewer: What is it? 303: Yeah that's what you called. {NS} {C:bad feedback} Female. {NS} A wether. Uh. {X} {NS} {D: The light} named it a wether. And buck. Interviewer: Okay. 303: And uh o- goat. {NW} {NW} Is called a nanny. Interviewer: Okay. 303: She nanny. And uh The goat. {X} go name The {D: ancestors} Is buck. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And uh. {X} Interviewer: Okay what about the thing sheep have on their backs? 303: Wool. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Can you tell me a little bit about hogs now? 303: Well. Hogs are raising. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh. You kill 'em and make meat out of 'em salt it or anything you want to. You fatten 'em. Interviewer: What do you call 'em when they're first born? 303: Pigs. {NS} Interviewer: Okay what about when they get a little older? 303: Call 'em shoats. Interviewer: About how how big is a shoat? 303: Uh thirty forty fifty pounds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay when um What about the female? 303: Uh. {NW} They used to call 'em boar. Interviewer: Okay what if he's been altered? 303: You'd call 'em a shi- Uh. It's call it a barrow. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay now what about the female? 303: The fe- female you call her a sow. Interviewer: Mm-kay what if she's never been bred? 303: Well you call her a gilt. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And. Okay is there any difference in whether or not the the boar has been altered when he was little or whether he was fully grown when they altered him? 303: Well. There ain't no difference on he's called a when it's older he's called a stag. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-kay um. And what do you call the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back? 303: Uh you call that. Uh. You call that hairs I reckon. Interviewer: Yeah what about bri- 303: Huh? Interviewer: {X} 303: Uh bristle. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What about the big teeth that a hog has? 303: {D: Tushes.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you fo- put the food for a hog in a? 303: In a In a hog trough. Interviewer: Okay. What if you had three or four of these you'd say I had three or four? 303: Troughs. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have any names for a hog that's grown up wild? 303: What's that? Interviewer: You have any names for a hog that's grown up wild? 303: Why they call uh call that a a wild hog Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Suppose you had a pig and you didn't him to grow up to be a boar. 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you say you were gonna do to him? 303: {X} his parts. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words for that? 303: Uh castrate Interviewer: Okay. Um. What noise does a calf make when its being weened? 303: What voice? Interviewer: What noise? You'd say that the calf begin to? 303: Bellow. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the noise a cow makes during feeding time? 303: Why. She bawl Interviewer: She what? 303: Bawl. Interviewer: Okay. 303: More for a calf at the time. Interviewer: Okay. Well um What about a noise that a horse makes? 303: {NW} I know it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: He nickers Interviewer: Okay. Um. Say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth they were getting hungry you'd say had to go out and feed them? 303: Uh. Go out and feed my horses cows. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What do you call it feed the stock or feed the critters or? 303: Feed the stock. Interviewer: Okay. What if you'd been talking about hens and turkeys and geese and so forth? Would you have mm- one name for all of them? 303: One name. A geese and a gander and and a goose. {X} And. That's {D: whatever I remember} about that. Interviewer: Okay. A hen on a nest of eggs is called a? 303: Sitting in. Interviewer: Okay. What- when do you keep chickens now? 303: You keep 'em in the uh you keep 'em in a pen. You need to raise yo- yo- yo- put 'em in a elevator. Interviewer: What's that like? 303: Huh? Interviewer: A chicken? You put 'em in a elevator? 303: Uh no. You put 'em in the coop. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: With the hens to raise 'em. Interviewer: What what does how does an elevator come in? 303: The elevator the elevator comes uh is a thing heats up electricity. You put your eggs in there four or five hundred or a thousand. And turn the temperature on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And they hatching. {X} That's for big people when they enter the business directed the business. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well say if you had an amount of six or seven hens. Um what and you had a little building for 'em? 303: You'd call it a coop or a barn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Or a pen either one. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You wouldn't talk about a hen house or a chicken 303: #1 A # Interviewer: #2 house # 303: hen house. Or some of 'em would call it a hen house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. When you're eating chicken um. You know you had a bone like this? That you pull apart. 303: That's called the pulling bone. Interviewer: Okay. Are there any stories about that? Superstitions? 303: Mm- yes there's some {X} but I do- I can't tell y'all. Heard it. {X} {X} When there's {X} And uh. They had a way {D: cool it.} Somebody I don't know who it was two of 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh. I don't know how they counted it. Which in- which in- got it and which of 'em didn't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay um. What would you call the inside of the pig or calf that you eat? 303: The liver. Interviewer: Okay what- Would you talk about pluck or? parcel it or hassle it or liver lights or 303: Liver. Lights. Or either the heart. if you'd liked it. Interviewer: Okay what about the part that sometimes you eat and sometimes you stuff sausage in? 303: {NW} That's the entrail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of chit- 303: You ever hear of what? Interviewer: Chitlins? 303: Chitlin. Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 303: That's the the entrails. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then you wash 'em and {X}. Call 'em chitlins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay if it was time to feed the stock and do your chores you'd say that it was? 303: Time to feed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: My stock. Interviewer: Would you say it's chore time or? Farmer time or? 303: Ye- yes yes m- my time. Interviewer: Feeding time? 303: Feeding time. Interviewer: Okay. How do you call a cow? To get him to come in out of the pasture? 303: Come in out of the pasture? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or ho- how do you call a cow? 303: You'd holler Supe {C: cow calls} Supe Supe Interviewer: Go ahead and do it. 303: Oh. {NW}{C: cow calls} Interviewer: Okay. What do you say to a cow to make her stand still while you milk her? 303: Saw Interviewer: Okay. And how do you call a calf? 303: Calf. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Sookie Sookie Sookie Sookie Interviewer: Okay. Um. What about what do you say to a horse or mule to make 'em go left or right? 303: Yee Gee Or haw. {X} {D: riding} Come right uh. Come left you say haw. Wanna go gee I say {NW} {C: cow call} Interviewer: Wanna go right? 303: Yeah. Yay. Wanna call my {D: hogs there}. {NW} {C: animal calls} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {D: Going left} Wanna go right say {NW} {C: animal calls} {NW} {C: animal calls} {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {X} {X} left. {D: Hock} {D: hock}. Interviewer: Okay. How do you call horses to get 'em out of the pasture? 303: Uh. I can't whistle. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 303: {X} {C: overlapping with reel} {X} {C: overlapping with reel} {X} {C: overlapping with reel} Interviewer: Okay. 303: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. {NW} {C: horse calls} Then you whistle. {NW} {C: animal calls} Interviewer: Oh I see 303: Keep a whistle by you. Call 'em then that whistle go with it Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um. What about when you want to get a horse started going you tell him to? 303: Giddy it up. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What about the stopping? 303: Whoa. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 303: #2 Whoa. # Interviewer: And to back him into a buggy? 303: {NW} {C: horse commands} {NW} {C: horse commands} {NS} Interviewer: He backs what then he? 303: Backs up. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um. How do you call hogs? 303: {NW} {C: cow call} Oh-oh I was thinking about a cow. {NW} {NS} I can think of it in a minute. Interviewer: {D: What are you gonna} calling hogs to feed 'em? 303: Oh. {NW} {C: hog calls} Interviewer: Okay. What about sheep? 303: Mm I'm {D: pulling} because I never had no sheep. Around. Interviewer: Okay. What about chickens? 303: Uh. I like chickens fried. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How how do you call chickens? If you were gonna feed it. 303: {NW}{C: chicken calls} Interviewer: Now if you want to get your horses ready to go somewhere you'd say I want to what the horses? I want to? 303: I wanna carry my horses off and brush 'em. Interviewer: Okay. And then you wanna- 303: Hitch 'em up. Interviewer: Okay. Another word you might use? I wanna? {NS} I wanna har- 303: Oh. Interviewer: What do you put on the horse when you hitch him 303: #1 The bridle. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: Or headgear. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say would you call that anything else? 303: Well. Interviewer: Say you wanna harn- harness the horses? 303: Uh and. {X} going there. Interviewer: Okay. Um. When you'd when you'd ride a horse when you're {X} what do you call the things that you you hold in your hand to guide the mules. 303: The line. Interviewer: Okay. What about when you're riding on horseback? What do you guide 'em with? 303: I guide 'em with bri- bridled {X}. {X} with by the reigns. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you put your feet in? 303: Put your feed in the trough. Interviewer: You heard when you'd when you're riding on horseback what're 303: Oh uh what uh what I put my feet in? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: S- s- saddle stirrups. Interviewer: What's that? 303: Saddle stirrups. Interviewer: Okay. And. Suppose you're plowing with two horses. What do you call the one that walks in the furrow? {NW} 303: Walks in the that's {D: all false} Interviewer: Okay. Um. if something's not real close to you say it's you say it's just a little what 303: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: A little {X} Interviewer: Okay. And if they'd they'd been traveling {X} And hadn't finished her journey. But he still had a what? {X} You still had a? 303: {D: Saddle ahead} Aw {D: Mama saw it too} Interviewer: Okay. Um. Would you call it a fur piece or a long {X} or? 303: Oh I'd call it a sharp piece. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Something was very common? And you didn't have to look for it in a special place. You say. Oh you can find that just about 303: Anywhere. Interviewer: Okay. If someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell over? 303: Over. Mm. Over on his back? Interviewer: Uh-huh he said he fell over ba- 303: Fell over back. Interviewer: Okay you would say he fell back- 303: Backwards. Interviewer: Okay and this way'd be? 303: Forward. Interviewer: Okay. And. Suppose you had been fishing all day. And I asked you did you catch any fish and you say no. What {X} no? 303: No. Didn't catch you one {X} today. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Would you say nary one or not a one or? 303: I'd say. Never call it one. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay s- say when you're when you're plowing the the trenches that's cut by a plow you call those? 303: Furrows. Interviewer: Okay. And. if you had a good yield you'd say we raised a big? What? 303: Had a good what? Interviewer: Yeah we raised a big what of wheat? 303: Um. big crop. Interviewer: Okay. if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say that you'd do what? 303: I've cleaned up the farm. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You know the second cutting of clover or grass. What do you call that old wide dead grass that's left alone {X} {X} 303: That's left for fertilize {D: kick} the ground. See you if you be getting some {D: pore} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 303: {X} it's leftover. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay um. When it's tied up into a? 303: Bundle. Interviewer: Okay. {X} piled up into a? 303: Shot Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd say we raised about forty what of wheat to an acre? 303: About fifty acres to the acre. Interviewer: Fifty what? 303: Fifty acres to the to the acre. Interviewer: You know when you fifty bo- 303: Huh? Interviewer: You mean you mean to say bushel. 303: #1 No yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: Oh yeah fifty bushel. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of 'em? 303: You have to scythe 'em. Interviewer: Okay so you say that oats what? What's done to oats? Oats- 303: Uh Oats {X} Interviewer: What's that? Oats? 303: Scythed by {D: fashion} Interviewer: Okay. Um. Say. {NS} Okay say that there's um something that just uh um two of us had to do today some job. You might say oh we'll have to do it. Or. Another way of saying that you might say if you were talking to me you might say 303: That's you wanna do that job get it done there Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay you might s- Would you say um Me and you oh have to do this or? You and I or how how would you say that? 303: I'd say you and I we have to do that job today. Get it out of the way. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Is that what people might people would say that to you growing up? 303: N- No uh. There was a different way they'd say that. Interviewer: And how's that? 303: We wo- we was {D: born} to do the the piece of work today. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: At the old {D:fortune lot} Interviewer: Uh-huh. And. You say if If um say you and another male had to do a job. 303: Mm. Interviewer: {X} {X} about him. You'd say This job is for? 303: For me and you to do. Interviewer: Okay. Um. okay say um talk about how tall you are. You might say well he's not as tall as? 303: As I. Interviewer: He's not as tall as? 303: As he is not as tall as I. Interviewer: Okay. but I'm not as tall as? 303: As him. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You say he could do that better than? 303: Than I. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If something belongs to me then you'd say it's? 303: Uh that's my hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Um. But if something belongs to yo- if something belongs to me you say it's mine. If something belongs to you you'd say it's? 303: That's that belongs to me. Interviewer: Okay. You say that's not mine that's? 303: That belongs to you. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say that's yours or that's yours or? {C: pronunciation} 303: That's yours. Interviewer: Okay. And if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's? 303: Uh we're partners. Interviewer: Okay. Or it's ou-? 303: I own as much as you do of it. Interviewer: Okay so it's it's not mine it's not yours it's? 303: Belongs to both of us. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Would you say it's ours or? Ours or? 303: It's ours Interviewer: Okay. 303: together. Interviewer: Okay something belongs to them then it's? 303: How's that? Interviewer: If something belongs to them. 303: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You'd # say that it's? 303: It belongs to you. Interviewer: Okay but to group of people there you say it's It belongs to them then it's? It's not ours it's? 303: Wouldn't this belong to you then. It's not ours. Interviewer: Okay. Would you talk about it's theirs or theirs or? 303: It's theirs. Interviewer: Okay. And if something belongs to him then it's? 303: It's his. Interviewer: Okay. And if something belongs to hers to her then it's? 303: It's hers. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Say if. If people had been over to visit you and they were fixing to leave. You might ask them well when are you? 303: Well. When you coming back? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the word you all or y'all or? 303: Oh- oh if there's a bunch I say you all. Interviewer: Okay. 303: And if's it's just one I'd say two I'd just say y'all. Interviewer: What's that? If there's just one 303: #1 then it's uh # Interviewer: #2 or two # 303: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 303: four or five of 'em I'd say you all come back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And if there's just two I say y'all come back anytime you'd like. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Say if if they'd been over a group of people had been over to see you. And um. They say they had um you asked them about where their coats were. 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You might ask well where are 303: Where are your coat at? Interviewer: Okay. Would you say if there's a group of people would you say your coats or would you say 303: S- I'd say where are your all coats are at. Interviewer: Okay. And um. {NS} Okay what about what about if you just had two people there. You'd say where are? 303: Where is my coat? Interviewer: Okay. Um. Suppose there had been a party and you hadn't been able to go to it you would ask about the people that had gone you might ask well who? 303: Who was there? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say who all who was there? 303: Who all was there. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. And suppose there was a group of children. And they obviously belonged to more than one family. 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And you wanted t-. Would you ask um would you ask about who would you say who all's children are they? 303: Uh I'd ask Who all's children are y'all. You. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And suppose someone had made a speech that you hadn't heard. You wanted to know what he said. Would you ask what all did he say or? What did you say or? How how would you ask that? 303: What all did he say. Or what all did he talk about. Interviewer: Okay. And um. You say no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for? 303: Yourself. Interviewer: Okay. But talk about them you say they've 303: #1 the- them # Interviewer: #2 gotta look out # 303: they've got to got to look out for theyselves. Interviewer: Okay. And if no one else will do it for 'em you say he'd better do that? 303: Hisself. Interviewer: Okay. What's made out of flour and baked in loaves? 303: Flour. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What kind of bread? 303: Uh Interviewer: Can you? 303: light bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that does that rise? 303: Ye- yes. Yes ma'am it rise. Interviewer: What's put in it to make it rise? 303: Yeast. Interviewer: Okay. What other kinds of things are made out of flour? 303: Well there's A whole lot macaroni. Made out of flour. Interviewer: What kinds of bread? 303: Uh. Yo- uh. Make light bread uh or gingerbread or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: There's some more that I can't think of. Interviewer: What about made out of corn meal? 303: Well you can make far as I know what they call corn dumplings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Out of the meal. Interviewer: How tell me about that how's that made? 303: Best made with meat with a ham bone when you got to use no the best meat off 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh you cook that first then put a little salt in it then salt it up and Then get your meal and stir up. And cook that 'til it's thick Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And then uh. Roll the dough out of the meal and a little a little uh cooks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then drop it in there and let it cook. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: It's called meal du- dumpling. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And it's good to Interviewer: Yeah. 303: Cook with ham. Interviewer: What what other things? 303: #1 With a little- # Interviewer: #2 What about # something made out of just corn meal and salt and water? 303: That's what you call plain corn bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. What if it's just got salt and water and corn meal though? 303: And corn meal? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any it's something that it's not hard. You can just eat it with a spoon. 303: That's corn soup. Interviewer: Corn soup? 303: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's that like? 303: Well I don't know how they make it. I know it's called corn soup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about mush have you ever heard of that? 303: Uh mush. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Corn meal mush or corn mush. Yeah I've eaten lots of that when I was a boy. Interviewer: What other things did your mother make out of corn meal? What about something she might fry in deep fat and you might eat with fish? 303: Well I let's see Well th- my mother always always made homemad- homemade cornbread to eat with fish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: That she always done. Interviewer: Do you ever make something small? Like either pat it over like this? 303: What? Interviewer: Ever make something like you shape with your hands or? #1 Just a little- # 303: #2 A biscuit. # Biscuit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: {D: I mean} {X} it's with a hand or either made with a cup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever heard of hush puppies? 303: Yes ma'am. #1 You make # Interviewer: #2 What's- # 303: that with corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Meal. {X} Eat. {X} Interviewer: What- what do you call that? 303: Hush puppies I think. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Okay you say that there's two kinds of two kinds of bread. Homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store. And that's called? 303: {D: Light bread.} Interviewer: Okay. Um. What's fried in deep fat and has a hole in the center? 303: Mm. Uh. It ain't a cake but I can't call it. Interviewer: Ever hear of donuts? 303: Donuts yeah donut. You can eat a many of them. Interviewer: What about something that you might make of a batter often? Cook from oh five three or four of these at a time. Then eat it for breakfast with syrup and butter on it, 303: That's what you call flap uh uh batter cakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other names? 303: That's all I know. Interviewer: You start to say fla-? 303: Flap {X} Interviewer: #1 Flapjacks? # 303: #2 Some of 'em call 'em flap # flapjacks. {NW} That's a new thing b- back yonder I said it right. I ordered on our me- Flitter cake. That's that's old-fashioned. Interviewer: #1 Flitter? # 303: #2 Flitter # Flitter cakes for breakfast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: With maple syrup. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay say. You you go to the store to buy some flour. And you might get a sack of flour and about how much flour would be in a in that 303: #1 Sack. # Interviewer: #2 bag? # 303: {X} For the little oh the old way is a twenty-four pound and a sack of flour or either fifty pounds. {X} Back yonder that's the way they brought it but now you can get it five pound ten pound or just more plenty size you want. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So you say that that sack contains maybe five- 303: Five pound. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you call the inside part of an egg? 303: {NW} Uh. It ain't the outside's called a yolk. But I forgot Interviewer: What color is the yolk? 303: The yolk's white. And the yellow is the center of the egg. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It's yellow. 303: #1 Couldn't bu- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 303: break bust it and then. If you want fried eggs that's when you fry 'em {D: take 'em} Then if you want boiled egg put 'em in water and boil 'em hard or soft. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then they uh {D: sat 'em} mustard anything you wanna eat 'em with. Interviewer: What if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells into hot water? 303: That's called poached. Porsh- tos- poached egg. You call it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. What about a kind of meat that you might boil with greens? 303: Hog jaw. Interviewer: Okay what about if it has no lean on it at all? 303: Has no meat on it? Interviewer: No lean. 303: No lean. Interviewer: Yeah it's just all fat. 303: You call it fat. Interviewer: You call it what? 303: I'd call it fat if it didn't have no lean on it. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um. What if it had just um some lean going through it. 303: Well you call that s- straights of lean. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 303: Straights. Interviewer: What about that you ever hear of white white meat or {D: sight} or fatback or? 303: N- no. You got me puzzled. Interviewer: When you cut the side of the hog what do you call that? 303: Cut inside. Interviewer: You'd cut the side 303: #1 Oh uh. # Interviewer: #2 of the hog. # 303: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 303: You call that a- You mean after it's been cut out? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: You'd call it a s- cut out the side of it. Oh Interviewer: Mm-kay. What do you call the kind of meat that you buy sliced thin to eat with eggs? 303: Uh. Bacon. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what do you call the edge of the bacon that you cut off? 303: The brine rind. Interviewer: The what? 303: The rind. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And um. Say you take the trimmings and you slice 'em up and grind 'em. Season 'em. Um. What do you call that? 303: {D: Saucer.} Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the person who sells meat? 303: Sells meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: That's uh the store. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But 303: Or the produce house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the man that that kills the- 303: The hog? Interviewer: Yeah. 303: {NW} Called him I can't call it now. Interviewer: What about bu- 303: Huh? The butcher. Interviewer: Okay. 303: The butcher yeah. Interviewer: Okay if the meat's been kept too long you say that then it's doesn't taste good anymore you'd say that the meat has? 303: Has gotten got old. Interviewer: Okay. Um. or another word for that? The meat has? 303: Uh it it's sw- uh dry. Interviewer: Okay what about spoiled or spiled? 303: Spoiled meat. Can't eat it. It's It's done it. Got too warm or something way another. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay after you butcher a hog what do you do with the meat? Make with the meat from his head? 303: Well uh. After you butcher the meat And he's cut up and put it in the smokehouse on the flat table or the flat bench. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Til that's put a little salt on him then you trim it and after you trim it you you're going in and rub some more salt on it. And pack it down in a box. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: For bacon. And you put a hundred pounds of salt on it sometimes and sometimes more. Interviewer: Okay. Is there anything do you use the head to make anything? 303: Use what? Interviewer: The meat from the hog's head. 303: Oh it makes sauce out of it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 303: Good sauce. Interviewer: What about the um the liver. Anything made by cooking and grinding up the liver? 303: Yeah you make liver sausage. out of the liver if you want. If you like it. Interviewer: How do you make that? 303: You boil the liver. And you grind it you put sage in it you put pepper in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Black pepper. And uh. It eats mighty good people that do it. Interviewer: Okay is there anything that has the hog's blood? 303: Uh jelly. Interviewer: What's that? 303: Jelly. Interviewer: Made out of the blood? 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How how do you make that? 303: Well I don't know exactly how you make it but they take it and it's just like making gelatin you've seen gelatin you know know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: A fruit gelatin. It's jelly but fix it up. And then it jellies. Then they- put uh this here spice. And then you kinda flavor they want in it. Then they freeze it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Set it in just like you making gelatin. And uh Whenever it got cold why then it you slice it out and eat it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This is from the blood now? 303: That's right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They just catch it when 303: You catch it and uh when they catch it they gotta place {X} pure blood in it ain't no trash or nothing in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: That's that takes that to make anything clean and good with what it is. Interviewer: They call this jelly or blood jelly or? 303: They call it jelly. Blood jelly. Or {NW} Some people just loves it. That flavor they give to it and all. When they get through with it you wouldn't think it's no blood. You wouldn't think the blood something of that character could be made out of it I wouldn't when I was a child. I wouldn't think l- blood wasn't good for nothing. Interviewer: Yeah. 303: You got to keep 'em you gots to be sharp now and know how it's done. Interviewer: Huh. Okay did you ever take take the juice from the liver sausage and stir it up with corn meal and maybe some hog meat. Then cook that? And then when it gets cold slice it and fry it? Do you ever hear of that? 303: No. No. Interviewer: Okay um suppose you cook butter too long and it didn't taste right. You'd say that the butter was? 303: Was molded or done got too strong. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} Um. What do you call thick sour milk that you keep on hand? 303: Uh. We call it sour milk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. It's not been hadn't been churned yet so it's not buttermilk 303: Oh it's clabber milk. Interviewer: Okay 303: Right there. Interviewer: What kind of cheese do you make from that? 303: Cheddar cheese. Interviewer: And that's clabber? 303: No well I don't know how they do it but I been told. I he- it's got to be clabber. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: To make it. It's cheddar cheese it's the other kinds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Hoop cheese. And uh horse whole lotta people lov- love love the thicks in there but I don't care so much about it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's the first thing you do after milking? 303: You clean your barn up or either take your milk to the house and put it in the container. Wash your bucket out and hang it up in the sun and let it stay dry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you do to get the trash out of the milk? You have to- 303: Uh strain it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay- 303: Go through a strainer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay this is something that's kind of like a fruit pie. It's baked in a deep dish and lay you you might make it out of apples say. And you put a layer of this dough in. 303: #1 You call that- # Interviewer: #2 And you put- # 303: You call that a apple cobbler. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And somebody has a real good apple type you'd say he sure likes to put away his? 303: Food. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use the word vittles? 303: Huh? Interviewer: You ever use the word vittles? 303: Vittles yes I- vittle Interviewer: That what does that mean? 303: Hmm? Interviewer: Vittles. 303: That means. That you fixed up your uh stuff after the people has got through eating. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Hmm. You put 'em aw- wa- way. And you call them over {X} my vittles and- throw out the g- dog's fat. You clean up your dishes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay um. You might take some milk or cream mix that with some sugar and nutmeg say And then pour that over a pie. 303: You'd call that {D: Creamer} top of the pie. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: That's what I think it's called. Interviewer: Okay um. What about a sweet liquid that you might pour over pudding? 303: That's chocolate. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You call it a chocolate what? 303: Chocolate uh pudding Interviewer: Okay um. Food taken between regular meals you'd call that a? 303: Food taken between the what? Interviewer: Regular meals. Say you've already eaten dinner 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But then you go in and you fix yourself a? 303: Snack. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And um You say this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock? 303: I got up and got my breakfast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh or I I what breakfast? {NW} 303: What'd I have for breakfast? Interviewer: Yeah. Um yeah. 303: Eggs and and uh bacon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So this morning I? 303: Had eggs and bacon. And coffee Interviewer: Okay or another word to use instead of had you'd say this? Um. You say wha- what did you eat for breakfast you say this morning I? 303: Ate eggs. Interviewer: Okay. 303: Bacon. Coffee. Interviewer: Okay um. And you say yesterday about seven o'clock I had already? What breakfast? 303: I had eaten the same thing. Interviewer: Okay. And you say tomorrow I will 303: Change it up. Interviewer: And. What something else 303: #1 Eat # Interviewer: #2 I'm gonna # 303: Eat something else. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Say if you were real thirsty you might go up to the sink and pour yourself a? 303: Glass of water. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say that glass fell off the sink and? 303: Broke. Interviewer: Okay. You might s- and so you say that somebody has what that glass somebody has? 303: Somebody's broke that glass. Interviewer: Okay. Now you might say but I didn't mean to? 303: I didn't mean to. Interviewer: To what? {X} To? 303: To break it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. if I ask you How much water did you drink you might say I What a lot of water? 303: I drank three glasses of water. Interviewer: Okay. Maybe might ask me how much have you? 303: How much did you drink? Interviewer: Okay. 303: {NW} Interviewer: And um. You say we certainly have what a lot of water? We sure have? 303: Hav- we sure have had a lot of water. Interviewer: Or we sure have what a lot of water? 303: We sure have dranked a lot of water. Interviewer: Okay. If dinner was on the table. And the family was standing around waiting to begin what might you say to them? 303: I'd say y'all wash and get ready for dinner. Interviewer: Okay. Or if they're standing around the table you might tell them oh just go ahead 303: And sit down. Interviewer: Okay. So you say so then they they went ahead and? 303: Eat. Interviewer: Or they went ahead and what down? 303: And sit down. Interviewer: Okay. You say um. Nobody else was standing because they'd all? 303: Sit down. Interviewer: Okay. If you want somebody not to wait until the potatoes were passed you'd tell the person just go ahead and 303: Take out. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Or another way of saying that just go ahead and? What yourself? Just go 303: #1 He- help # Interviewer: #2 ahead and- # 303: yourselfs. Interviewer: Okay. So you say so he went ahead and what hisself? 303: Helped hisself. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say I ask him to pass it over to be then since he had already? What himself? 303: He had already taken it out. Interviewer: Or he'd already what hisself he'd already? 303: Helped hisself. Interviewer: Okay. Someone offers you something that you don't want. You might say no thank you I don't? 303: I don't want it or I don't need it I can't do nothing with it. Interviewer: Okay. But talking about food. 303: Oh. Well I's would say thank you. I wouldn't choose. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And if food's been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been? 303: Warmed over. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 303: To eat it. Interviewer: Okay or with your teeth you begin to? 303: Uh. Uh pull it in there- Interviewer: Yeah or just see you put food in your mouth then you begin to? 303: Chew it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And um. What do you call carrots and peas and beets and so forth you call that? Call those? 303: I'd call that vegetable. Interviewer: Okay. Would you have a different name depending on whether you grew it yourself or whether you bought it? 303: No. Interviewer: Okay what're where would you grow it? You'd call that place a? 303: A garden. Interviewer: Okay. Um. This is a a food they have in the South a lot. It's made of it's white and it's made up of ground up corn. And you might have it for breakfast. 303: You call that corn beef or corn uh I can't call it. Interviewer: What about gri-? 303: Corn grit. Interviewer: Huh? 303: Corn grit. Grits. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what about something that you take ashes and and um get that lye you know. And take some corn and make? 303: Make hominy. Interviewer: Okay. This is a something that um is made from a grain. And yo- you take it and and boil it. And it's white. 303: Uh I know what they call that I think but I can't recall it. {D: grena-} gr- gr- let's see. {NW} I just can't call it I know what it is Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 303: #2 I- # I've eaten I've eat that stuff. Interviewer: I'm thinking of something that- 303: Put sugar and butter in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh starts with an R? 303: Huh? Interviewer: Starts with an R? #1 People in- # 303: #2 Mm? # Interviewer: in China and Japan eat it a lot? 303: No I can't can't reach it. Interviewer: I'm thinking of ri- rice or? 303: Rice. Rice. Uh. Rice. Interviewer: Did you ever have that? 303: Uh rice? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: How wo- how would you make that? 303: Well. You put it on and boil it 'til it's done. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then you. So when it gets done you let it stay there and still hot and put your butter and sugar in it. Stir it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then you Pour it out in a white bowl and put it out on the table. There's plenty of butter in the {X} this rice and it's mighty good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's that called again? 303: Uh. I forgot what they what they call that. Rice. They don't call it a rice pudding. It's. I can't call it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What're some names for whiskey or beer? That's that's made at at home? Not 303: That's w- wildcat. Interviewer: Wildcat? 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay any other names? 303: This. Is uh. Another name but I can't think of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um beer? 303: Beer is made distill it. It's cold. And. I don't know what it's made of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do they call it when it's it's made at- 303: They call it the mash when they make it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A mash is something that's used to make it beer or? 303: Uh whiskey. Either one. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. If someone was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just? 303: {NW} Interviewer: that 303: Smelling mighty good. Must be something awful good. Interviewer: Okay and you'd ask someone just? {NW} that? Would you just s- that. 303: Uh I say oh that's makes me hungry. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. You'd crush the cane and boil the juice and make? 303: Makes solid molasses I suppose. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What else? 303: Uh it makes syrup. Or sugar. Interviewer: What's what's the difference between syrup and molasses? Might say that molasses 303: Molasses is made with uh oh ain't change made with the whole syrup it comes out of a can. And nothing mixed with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: You call that {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Then it you made it all of this sugar and maple well you'd you'd call that syrup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay um. You say This is an imitation maple syrup. This is gen- 303: Genuine Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 303: #2 syrup. # Interviewer: Okay. And when sugar water was pretty packaged when it was right out of the barrel. You say that it was sold? 303: Sold Sold by the pound. Interviewer: Okay. Or sold in? In b- 303: In uh. They they put it in the s- little sacks. Interviewer: Would you say sold in bulk or bulk or? {C: pronunciation} 303: Huh? Interviewer: Say it's sugar was sold in bu- 303: Uh. Now that's little unusual for me. {X} Interviewer: You'd say in bulk or in bulk or? {C: pronunciation} 303: {D: Bowl} Interviewer: Di- yo- talk about selling sugar loose? 303: Yeah. Uh you'd call it a in in a sack. A paper sack or in te- container. Interviewer: In a what? 303: In a container. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And. Sold by the pound put in there. {NW} You call 'em a {D: hogshead} I mean uh Where they keep it at the and they call it the barrel. Interviewer: Okay. 303: And or comes out of the hogs I don't know wh- what that is. That's where they keep it at stow 'em away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Brown sugar. White sugar and black sugar. Interviewer: Black sugar? 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What's that like? 303: That's uh. Sugar made up sort of like brown sugar. But it's nothing. It's hard. And lumps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And it's It's it's it's awful black. Dark. When you put water in it you want somes use it for uh making cake flatter cake. Or- Interviewer: #1 Making what cake? # 303: #2 {X} # {D: Flatter cakes.} Why y- either put it on the stove and put water in it and melt it down as thick as you want it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: Then when it gets about where you want it just pour it out in a bowl. And you put a spoon in there and little water {D: That one's for breakfast}. Why Everything getting that what they want. And they play then get to buy the cake and put in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Go on about their business. I like that too. Interviewer: Mm-kay um. What would you call a sweet spread made out of 303: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: savory} # 303: corn light bread. Interviewer: Wh- corn light bread? 303: Corn light bread. Interviewer: What's how do you make that? 303: You make it out of Interviewer: Some little little yeast Mm-hmm. 303: Salt a little pinch of salt. And you can't make it right now it takes you three days to make. Every year if it ain't hot enough you set it out in the sun. And let it rise. And uh when it rise then you take 'em and work it again. Then put it back and let it rise again. A second time. Then the second time then you take it back in the house or put it in a container and rework it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And put it put 'em up for the same things for all that to put it to make it thick enough. To when {D: stain it} when it rise up it'll be puffy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And and if it don't fall Well that's what you want it to puff it when it gets done it stand right where it where it rested. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And that's what you call a corn light bread. Good stuff too. Interviewer: Mm. And what would you make of apples or something you might make apple butter or you might make apple- 303: Apple cider. Interviewer: Okay. What about something that you put on biscuits? 303: Butter. Or. Anything you sh- should wish on it. Interviewer: What about something kinda like jam? 303: Uh jam or jelly. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you have on a table to season your food with? You might have some? 303: Salt. Pepper. Interviewer: Okay. Now suppose there was a bowl of apples somewhere. And a child wanted one. You would tell him you would say give? 303: Uh give me a apple. Interviewer: Okay. And you say it wasn't these boys that did that it must've been one of? 303: The other boy. Interviewer: Okay. Or you point to a group. You know. 303: Um. Interviewer: And you say. What one these boys it was? 303: It was that boy there in the middle. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And you say um. Say he he didn't live here he lives and then he points and what did he say he lives? 303: He lives. Down the other way {D: mark down or whatever you} Down. He pointed out. Interviewer: Okay would you say he lives. Over. Over yonder or? 303: Over yonder. #1 O- o- o- # Interviewer: #2 Back yonder? # 303: Over yonder on the other side. Of the road. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Okay. Interviewer: You might tell someone no don't do it that way do it. 303: Do it thisaway. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You say. If you don't have any money at all. You say that you're? 303: Broke. Interviewer: Or You're not rich you're? 303: I'm not rich. I haven't haven't got haven't no I have no money. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say. If you're not rich? 303: You're poor. Interviewer: Okay. You say um. Someone who's rich having the easy life but life is hard on a man? 303: Hadn't got his clothes left on the man Interviewer: Uh-huh you say um. Um. If you're if you're poor things are kind of hard. For you. You say life is hard on a man. 303: Mm. Life is hard when I've got nothing. No {D: backers} to help none. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. Say if if you have a lot of peach trees you say he he has peach? 303: Orchard. Interviewer: Okay. And you might ask somebody if that's his orchard. And he'd tell you no I'm just a neighbor. 303: Mm. Interviewer: And he points to somebody else and he says there's the man 303: That owns the peach orchard. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You say when when I was a child my father was poor. But next door was a child? 303: His they were poor too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um. They're talking not about the child but about his father. 303: #1 {D: Father} # Interviewer: #2 Say # When I was a child my father was poor. 303: Yeah. Interviewer: But next door was a child. 303: He was poor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay um. You said. My mother's not a nurse but I have a friend? 303: Is a nurse. Interviewer: Okay. Or not my friend is a nurse I'm talking about my friend's mother. 303: Mm. Interviewer: You say my mother's not a nurse but I have a friend? 303: Is it is a nurse. Interviewer: Okay. Um. The inside of a cherry the part that you don't eat. 303: Inside of what? Interviewer: A cherry. 303: That's the seed. Interviewer: Okay. What about a peach? 303: The seed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a kind of peach that the s- the seed is 303: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 the- # Huh? 303: Purple? Interviewer: Okay wh- the kind that the seed is real tight against the flesh is real tight against the seed. 303: That's uh plum peach. Interviewer: Okay. What about the other kind? 303: Freestone. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And what do you call the part of the apple that you don't eat? 303: Core. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And when you cut out the apples and dry them you say you're making? 303: Fixing. To dry some apples. To make a pie. Interviewer: Mm-kay um. What kind of nuts do you pull up out of the ground and roast? 303: What kind of what? Interviewer: Nuts. 303: That's peanuts. Interviewer: Okay any other name for them? 303: Goobers. Interviewer: What's that? 303: Goobers. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What nuts do you have growing on trees around here? 303: That's uh. chickpea and hog acorn Interviewer: And hog what? 303: Hog acorn. {X} Interviewer: It's hog 303: #1 Yeah that- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: That's what you call a hog acorn. Chinquapin A little round. Thing with hull on 'em. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 303: #2 That's- # right slick. {X} Or. Maybe they don't have a little hog on 'em but when they fall. They fall {D: over here} hogs eat them. And eats acorns. They're flat and got a top on 'em. Just like a basket. {D: fix it} When they fall Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: The top comes off again and that's what you call a hog acorn acorn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Hogs live on that. Grow on 'em. Or the plenty of live off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the kind that um. It'll stain your hand. 303: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. 303: {D: one of us} White one. And black one. The white one stain your hand it's a same as a the black one so we have to fool with 'em When they taking the top off of it. Off. Interviewer: What do you call 303: #1 If they're- # Interviewer: #2 that? # 303: green if they're dry they don't bother us. Interviewer: What do you call that top that you take off? 303: That's a hub. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Then you still have another {X} on the on it don't you? 303: That's wha- the {D: walnut} to uh {D: walnut hub} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: They call that a {D: hickory cub} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay this is another kind of nut. That grows down south. You might have it around Christmas. 303: That's what you call a a I know the name but I can't call it. Interviewer: What about starts with a P. 303: Uh? Interviewer: What about starts with a P. 303: P. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Peanut. Interviewer: Okay what about pec- pecans or- 303: #1 Pecans. # Interviewer: #2 pecans? {C: pronunciation} # 303: And uh There's another nut I forgot what they call it chinquapin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you eat those? 303: Yes ma'am. When you can get 'em they're mighty scarce. Cost about tw- two dollars a pound. If you get 'em now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Used to get to pick 'em up mm all you want on on these hills. Back down this other way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Go out there and pick up all you wanted in the fall of the year. And you're gonna pick 'em up uh fall of the year and they've got a hull on 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And they stick you it's like a sticking weed. Stinging weed. And um. You gonna have to wait 'til they fall to get 'em. Interviewer: What kind of tree do they grow on? 303: Chinquapin Oh not a chinquapin but uh chestnut tree. Interviewer: #1 That's- # 303: #2 Get # {D: you go on there} A big it's got a big thick bark on it. Sort of like bark on it look sort of like the bark on a oak tree. On. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Thick bark. Channels. Stripes runs up and down. Interviewer: Okay what about this kind of nut that's flat and sort of shaped like a person's eye? 303: Nah let's see uh. I can't can't get you on that. I can't can't. Interviewer: You ever heard of almonds or almonds? {C: pronunciation} 303: Almonds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Or al- almonds. Interviewer: You you heard of those? 303: Yeah I've heard of 'em but I've never seen 'em. Interviewer: What what did you hear it called? {NS} Uh. 303: I can't exactly tell you what. I know it but I just can't get together. It's called. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay this is a kind of fruit. It grows down in Florida. 303: Eh what kind of fruit? Interviewer: It's a kind of fruit that grows in Florida. 303: Uh I couldn't tell you that's getting too hard out of my reach. Interviewer: What's 303: #1 {D: you got} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes # 303: oranges. Interviewer: Okay. 303: Yes that's right. Interviewer: Okay supposed you had a bowl of these. Standing somewhere and you went in to get one one day. And there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are? 303: Uh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 303: #2 Gone. # Or rotten. Interviewer: Okay or all? 303: All gone. Interviewer: Okay. This is a little red vegetable that you might grow in your garden. It's a little root vegetable. 303: Mm. {NS} Um. {NS} That's. that's it's uh. 303: {NS} A acre or two acres there And then down and I stayed out there and I worked for a German. Interviewer: You worked for? 303: A German Interviewer: Uh-huh 303: And uh his wife I went on town to take a load of wheat And I seen this. and I've cut back I was telling her about it. And she {NS} said oh said I said what is that bunched up that a way she says it's pie plant. Says that man got three or four acres and I said I see it. {X} I'm make your pie out of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And uh she made me a pie out of that thing. And it's the best pie I ever eat. It was good. Put butter and sugar in it. {X} Interviewer: #1 Lots of leaves # 303: #2 {X} # Yeah just the leaves Interviewer: Uh-huh 303: {X} And they set it out there And uh {NS} Just a little of it. You can make it as strong as you want to. You can put in a little And and inside of the pie of what you're going to make. And boil it until the juice comes out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: Then when the juice comes out you can use the juice and put it in a pan. Put your stuff in. What you wanna put in. And set it in there. Cook it. and uh When you've got put plenty sugar in there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and butter to make it good. And uh cooks about three hours. Takes three hours to cook it. And when it gets done you've got something good. {NS} It's tween the salt it tastes like lemon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: You ever taste a lemon? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Uh. Juice or or lemon out of a out of a store It sort of tastes plain lemon and something else I had to {X} when I but I forgot the other flavor it tastes like and and it's. She flavored it. She knew how to make it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And it was the best thing I ever ate. It's called pie plant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is this something that just would You said these 303: #1 It grows it grows in # Interviewer: #2 people would # 303: {NW} Over in the field lots. And uh you need a I don't know never stayed there I stayed there about a year I never know where the seed come from I can't tell you. But there's pie- pie plant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And they get the seed somewhere either get the roots or I know that it's seed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: in the following year then can go on replant another pack of it and get the seed from th- {X} {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: this year for the next year. Interviewer: Um. You say this man that you worked for was Ge- 303: German. That's- Interviewer: Is this something that just the German people would do or? 303: Well uh these folks out here got to using it now. Uh it's scattered everywhere. There's a white lady down there in that part of town she got five plants out down there by one to the goal And she says she's gonna. Say you pull me up something now you gonna break me off some and wash it. You give it to me. And see if I can make me a pie out of it and set it. She did and she can make a pie. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and and uh yeah She said she can give me a a plant of it this fall. So I ain't never got any. Well if you still down that her her it ain't in the yard it's down the outside fence down by by an old barn. Another barn near the smokehouse {NS} Interviewer: Let's see. Okay um What's about something little red thing that would grow in the ground? and you might put it in a 303: Oh that's a uh radish. {NS} Interviewer: What was that? 303: Radishes Interviewer: Okay um It's something that would grow it's red and it would grow up on a bush that you'd stake up. 303: Wouldn't be a blackberry would it? Interviewer: No it's it's a big red thing you might grow in a garden. 303: {NW} Interviewer: You can buy these plants and set 'em out. 303: {NW} Interviewer: or grow it from seeds {NS} 303: Well you got me there. Interviewer: It's something you might make put in um oh. It's a big leafy plant that's you'd stake up. 303: hmm Interviewer: In summer these will grow on the plant. 303: hmm Interviewer: and um you could slice 'em and eat 'em on lettuce or 303: hmm hmm {NS} {X} Interviewer: What are some things that you'd grow in a garden that are red? {NS} 303: red onions you grow Interviewer: {NS} {NS} 303: beets and and beets make pickle out of them Interviewer: uh 303: Then you grow these here what did I call 'em radishes. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: That's two two things red. In the ground you pull 'em up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: It's sort of like a turnip. Uh And you peel 'em Interviewer: uh-huh 303: cook 'em about three hours 'til they're done. Then you fix a vinegar and put your soup in it. Then put the then never get rid of them you put the top on. Screw it down then you have pickle all year if you want. Or you from the beets Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: You put these red s- to eat or- or beans and onions. Garden times when that's out. When they don't put them up. Interviewer: #1 What about something # 303: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: that's red and doesn't grow in the ground? That just grows on a regular plant. 303: {NW} Wouldn't be a flower of some kind would it? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of to-tomatoes. 303: oh tomato {NS} Interviewer: What kinds of #1 available # 303: #2 They've got red. # red tomatoes or yellow tomato Interviewer: uh-huh 303: That's two kind. Interviewer: What about those little ones that don't ever get much bigger than this? 303: They call them uh tomato Interviewer: Okay um And I mentioned potatoes. What kinds of potatoes are there? 303: Irish potatoes Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the ones that have yellow meat inside? 303: Uh I forgot the name of that. It ain't the Irish cobbler and it ain't the burbanks. But the potato of that kind I it came to Crane Mountain. But now the one's you talking about I can't tell you. Interviewer: What about um now you mentioned an oven that you might use and and you cook things in it in front of the fireplace 303: yeah Interviewer: Did you ever put some a certain kind of potato 303: Put sweet potatoes in it. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: And wash 'em and grease 'em. And uh put your uh um I had this before. Whole lot of coal {NS} and when you go in get your taters ready you in put your coals out here on the hearth. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: Then you get your oven. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Then sit right over the got legs on about like that. Interviewer: yes 303: about t- two or three inches you thr-three or four of 'em. Three legs Interviewer: uh-huh 303: And that's about a lid that sits over it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: That's got a got a handle right in the center the top. And you take uh poker Interviewer: mm-hmm. {NS} 303: Uh uh pot lift it was called Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh {NS} when you put the thing it was sort of long Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: then we got your got your taters then you put that on your taters that pot lift and called 'em tents just red and hot and yellow when you take it off Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: then you take your shoe on and go back to your fireplace and uh sprinkle all in over that 'til the lid's coal the fire coal charcoal n- I mean fire coal and uh when you do that {NS} you let it sit there two three two and a half to three hours. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: And you go back to take that thing and lift it off quite easy and set it down if you want to if you just want to feel see if the potatoes are done. Just mash one with your sole. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Take your poker then turn that over right back in the ash. back in the in the place where you got it in the fire place. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: And you take the and get a pan take your sweet potatoes out. lay 'em like you want Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: And if you want to put your bread in and cook your bread in that if you want to cornbread {X} {NS} Interviewer: or what what else? 303: dodges Interviewer: uh-huh 303: uh they make 'em up in this this round sharp it bolts in {NS} right round Interviewer: #1 just with your hands # 303: #2 {X} # Just make 'em with your hands. But dog 'em the other way 'til 'til they get round and when they get round nice and round you just lay three or four in there. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: And you don't lay 'em on top of one. You wouldn't do cause the other one wouldn't cook right. And so you just lay 'em in the skillet. Then put your lid back on. And get your fire. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Put on the lid. {NS} you done got enough for a hundred down there of them potatoes. and uh {NS} and uh and you you get your pot lifters and uh hang in that thing put it on. And you done throwing the fire coal off in there and you have to move back there and then you get you some new coals to put on top of your lid. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And let it stay there for about thirty or forty maybe forty minutes. And it's ready for dinner. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And if y'all want some biscuits you've got another one. Do it the same way. Interviewer: hmm 303: And you've got your biscuit. And if y'all want flat cake Interviewer: #1 What's a flat cake? # 303: #2 then you make it flat. # That's a {NS} let's say as big as a as a skillet is or either What did I call this thing? Interviewer: Oven. 303: Oven big as the oven is. You can make it this thick. Make it about that thick. #1 And make it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # this thick 303: That was about three inches see. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and then get your fire going. And don't get too much under it do it'll burn. Burn the bottom before it cooks the top. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: You just want a little fire in the bottom you want to take all that fire out and just put- put back some fresh coal just a little. enough to brown the bottom half of the biscuit And then you put your mostly fire on top. And that top's what gets them biscuits to swell and and gets a little hotter while then they brown. Just like gingerbread they brown as a brown as you want. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {NW} I like my biscuits white. Now back yonder I remember eating so my mother would would say {NS} just so they swell just so they hit the last peak of swelling Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And they're half roll in that's the way I love 'em. but uh she had a family of ten. And she had to cook my biscuit by itself cuz I didn't I saw mine got raise and got white I call 'em white biscuit. Then and th-they eat the white biscuit not I'm not I eat the white biscuit and they eat the brown biscuit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: That's a different in one of the other families curious to know there's always one. Interviewer: yeah {NS} 303: curious about they eat Some won't eat this. Some won't won't eat that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And uh I like my biscuit and they say that's a {X} half raw dough. But I want to know when if there's more than only butter in 'em in there {X} and I could eat seven or eight of 'em every morning for breakfast. Interviewer: yeah What um what color was your sweet potatoes? 303: the- we had uh the moldy tater. Interviewer: the what? 303: The moldy tater was uh a dark blue tater. And the yam the yellow yam tater is yellow looking. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and uh The Nancy Hall was yellow. Interviewer: What about just a sweet potato that you mentioned 303: just a pure sweet potato? Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 303: #2 oh # Uh th- the pure sweet potato uh I'd call it a southern queen. There's a there's a white looking tater. That's the best tater. Beats them yam Them yam's a good potato but now people now you got and ain't them potatoes in this country no more. Interviewer: #1 what # 303: #2 They # can't get the seeds of 'em. {NW} {NS} The queen Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: White queen we called It's the best tater. When it gets done molasses soft you just want to delve in 'em. And they just as sweetest sugar. And just as soft as they can be if you got butter. if you like 'em with butter in {NS} You just don't know when to quit. Cuz they are good. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: I raise some. In my time of 'em a good worker can get the seed and so I You can't find 'em no where. They just qui- quit sending 'em out. {NS} Interviewer: What about onions? 303: Well there's red onions and there's a white onion. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: The red onion keeps the best. The white onion {NS} makes the biggest onion. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: But it it don't don't keep like the red onion. And that's why I like the red onions best. You you can keep it. And it's the strongest. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: The white onion ain't as strong as it- a red onion Interviewer: What about the little onions that you just eat fresh? 303: That's what they call garden onions. They're set- set onion. You s- you set them up with s- no set no can't to set up Interviewer: Those little green ones that you just #1 eat eat 'em raw # 303: #2 I know what you're talking about. # They're I forget what they call that. uh yeah them's slip onions. #1 They called # Interviewer: #2 oh # 303: the slip slip onions {NS} Interviewer: Those are the small ones? 303: Yes ma'am that's what they call a slip onion. Interviewer: Okay um 303: grow 'em in the garden I went out and pulled up a mini one. Used to wash 'em off and cut 'em up {NS} and get 'em ready for dinner. I have beans and cabbage a big pot of cabbage and bean. {NS} And I'd eat about two or three of 'em. {X} I liked it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Okay you'd say um if you you said the skin of that dried apple was all what up? 303: skin of that dried apple Interviewer: Yeah it gets all small. You'd say it was all it 303: peeled Interviewer: Okay or when it gets smaller you say it it 303: {NW} Interviewer: Okay say say if you're frying bacon 303: mm Interviewer: bacon gets smaller 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: when you fried it. 303: yeah Interviewer: You say that it did what up in 303: It's uh it's drolled up. Interviewer: Okay. Or another word you might use is 303: it's uh The grease has come running. Interviewer: uh-huh Would you say it shrivels up or swi- #1 -vels up? # 303: #2 swivels squiggles up # Interviewer: What's that? 303: Squiggles up. Interviewer: okay 303: droles up you might say I- I'd call it. {NS} Interviewer: Okay um {NS} Okay talk about cabbage. You mentioned a cabbage huh 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You'd say um. You might- You might say I like these what? {NS} 303: I like these cabbage. Interviewer: Okay and talking about how big they were you say these cabbage 303: {X} Interviewer: Okay or um these cabbage what? big these cabbage {NS} 303: can go in a f- I can't. Can't think what it is. Interviewer: Okay um If you wanted to get beans out of the pods by hand you'd say you had to 303: get a ladle ladle Interviewer: Get a what? 303: A ladle dip 'em out with just a long handle about that long Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 303: #2 {NW} # round you got the little holes in the bottom of it You dip it in the pot and put 'em in the bowl. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 303: a ladle Interviewer: Okay um But before that when you just you just picked the beans then you have to 303: string 'em have to string 'em and break 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: Then wash 'em then ready for the pot. Interviewer: Okay Is there another word you'd use would you say you you have to 303: Yes {NW} Interviewer: shell 'em or hull 'em 303: Oh oh yeah you yes yeah let alone you have to shell 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Okay and what kind of beans are there? the kinds that you what about the the ya- large flat bean? It-it's the seed that you eat. {NS} 303: {X} I know what it is but I- I can't call or name it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm talk about butter beans or lima #1 beans # 303: #2 butter # butter beans well and lima beans {NS} and uh you got uh pole bean Interviewer: What's the difference in butter beans and lima beans? {NS} 303: Whole lot is different. A butter beans flat. and a lima bean partly flat in a way but they mostly round. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What color are they? 303: the lima bean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: White Interviewer: What about the butter bean? 303: White or brown? {NW} The brown {NS} butter bean is sweet but white butter bean is thick. The white butter bean's the best {X} colored butter bean {NW} It tastes about the same. It ain't much different than. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What about the kind of beans that you eat the pod and all? {NS} 303: That's a called it I forgot now. Unbreakable. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: I think what they called it unbreakable bean {NS} Interviewer: You talk about string bean or snap bean or 303: s-s- #1 snap # Interviewer: #2 green beans # 303: snap bean Interviewer: What are snap beans? 303: Well you {X} {NW} then you have to string 'em. {NS} And after you string 'em then you break 'em up wash 'em and put 'em in {X} them put 'em in the pot. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say you take the tops of turnips cook them and make a mess of 303: Tops of turnip? Interviewer: Uh-huh 303: That's salad then. Interviewer: Okay any other greens that you use besides turnip tops? 303: There's there's uh {NS} there's uh {NW} turnip uh r-rape they call it salad Interviewer: What's that? 303: rape {NS} It comes up in bunches just like turnip salad. Interviewer: You call that ra- 303: Rape rape. Rape salad and you sow it just like you do with turnip salad. Ain't no different {X} it's white looking. And the turnip salad's a little darker. But you and it's slick. {NW} when it droles up big enough to eat his his light Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: and uh slick it ain't rough no wrinkles in it like turnip salad and it's just I like it better than I do turnip salad {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: But some people mix it {NS} Interviewer: {NS} What's what's that? #1 {X} # 303: #2 mix # Interviewer: What do they mix? 303: What? What did you say? Interviewer: What what is it that they mix? 303: different {NS} You said what is the difference in- Interviewer: No what is it that they mix? #1 You say something was # 303: #2 oh # They they mix turnip salad and and and crepe salad together. Uh uh they would they don't don't let a fool mess everything They mix it you know. And wash it and put it in the pot together and cook together. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and mix it mighty good them likes it that way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: I- I like it just like it is. {NW} But I can eat it mixed but I- I like it straight just like it is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay um if- So if someone had seven boys and seven girls you'd say that he had a what of children? 303: He had a bunch of children. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the word passel? 303: again Interviewer: Would you ever use the word passel? 303: Passel. Interviewer: Passel. 303: Passel. Interviewer: Uh-huh talk about passel of children. 303: Oh No I don't know what you might call that. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call the outside of an ear of corn? {NW} 303: uh the grain {NS} Interviewer: No the part that you have to pull off the green covering 303: oh shuck {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat just off the cob? 303: Uh tha- that's called {NS} uh uh I forgot what to call that. It's I- It's too tender for a roof in here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Ever heard of mutton corn? 303: No. Interviewer: or green corn or sugar corn or corn on the cob 303: It's corn on cob is a {NS} It's two or three kinds of {X} Interviewer: it's what 303: hickory cane Interviewer: Uh-huh 303: and then Neal paymaster Interviewer: What what is this kinds of 303: Uh and uh Uh there's two or three more I can't call it. Interviewer: Two or three more what? 303: different kind Interviewer: kinds of corn? 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay um What do you call the top of the corn stalk? {NS} 303: That's uh I'd call it the top the the tassel Interviewer: Okay. And the stringy stuff that you had to take off the corn off the ear 303: si- silk {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 303: The silk. Interviewer: And this is something that you make pie out of at Thanksgiving. 303: {NW} Interviewer: big orange thing 303: {NW} Let's see. Interviewer: I think you said you have some planted in your garden. 303: Uh I can't think {NS} Interviewer: Pum- {NS} 303: let's see pum- pumpkin Interviewer: Okay um. {NW} Well what about something little small yellow {NS} um crooked necked vegetable? 303: uh I'd call that a squash. Interviewer: Okay. 303: I either call it the sweet potato pumpkin Interviewer: the sweet what 303: sweet potato pumpkin Interviewer: What's what's the difference between that and squash? 303: Well they ain't much different only the sweet potato pumpkin {NW} is three times bigger than squash. Interviewer: Is that round or- 303: They're they're round and crook around that a way just like that. looks like a d-dipper on down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And grows up to weigh eight fifteen- fifteen pounds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: And I raised lot of 'em down here last year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Give 'em away people make They make us buy pie just like sweet potato do. Ain't no different there. They know how to make the best sweet potato pie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: That's what they call a sweet potato pumpkin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay now what kind of melons might you raise? 303: {NW} I believe few watermelons uh They're really something. I oh and I forgot the other name. Interviewer: What other kinds of melons? 303: huh Interviewer: What other kinds of melons? 303: A melon we raise? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: Well now there uh I don't know the name of this melon but just {NS} th-this melon is around {NS} and uh it's more like a bucket. It ain't no long melon it's just a round big melon and it's yellow as a gourd yellower than a cherry is and it's the best melon I ever eat. {NS} but now the people {NS} over in here and them over there they've they never seen one. They don't know nothing about that. But I do. Interviewer: #1 What do you- # 303: #2 I # I've eat 'em {X} few of 'em put them in the Spring {NS} When you was on the farm and I'd go up there in the Spring put me one in there. Sometimes put in two. And they sweet as sugar. Almost and it's just melon as they can be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You say people don't know about #1 those around here? # 303: #2 No and ain't # nobody know nothing about that they can't nothing person old enough to remember that. Interviewer: #1 yeah # 303: #2 around here # {NS} Interviewer: Did they have a name to 'em? 303: They had a name but I can't can't call or name it. Interviewer: Was it mu- 303: huh? Interviewer: musk? 303: No. Interviewer: muskmelon or #1 mushmelon # 303: #2 No it wasn't # Interviewer: no mushmelon cantaloupe 303: It wasn't no cantaloupe. It's just a yellow meat watermelon. It's just as yellow as that chair. Or yellow he be yellower than them them curtains hanging up. And just the deep yellow. And it it didn't grow like these watermelon growing now a long way. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: these little short round and striped and yellow and all like that This was a melon that was just solid didn't have on there a stripe on it nowhere. Just solid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh. We raised 'em. Lived on white person's farm. {NS} And he let us raise 'em. {NS} And uh {NS} we'd give them them that {X} we won't ever tell 'em knowing just what they wanted. We all eat out of them farms. The whole family two family And then there's the best thing that I ever eat. Hmm. What about other kinds of melon besides watermelon? {NS} 303: Well there were mushmelons. cue there's cue Interviewer: There's a mushmelon that's what? 303: There's a mushmelon that's pretty good and uh I went to name it but the name is cue mushmelon. {NS} And they sort of a like only they just sweeter and better. Interviewer: #1 You call those # 303: #2 Cue # Cue. The cue melon. They're slick. and these other melons mushmelon is rough. kind of rough rough skin on the outside These others are just as slick as that that floor over there. Just slick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {X} Bigger so slick But they're better. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about cantaloupe? 303: The cantaloupes is alright. {NS} They're sweet Interviewer: What's the- What's the difference between them and mushmelons? 303: Well I think too much different {X} a cantaloupe's is heaps of sweet. {X} Just don't look different. {NS} Interviewer: Okay um. This is something that you might find growing up in the woods or fields after it rains. And it's got a little stem to it. And it's got a little 303: hmm Interviewer: cap on it sort of like a- an umbrella. {NS} 303: or is that ginseng? Interviewer: No I think it's something else. It- it's sort of shaped like an umbrella. 303: {NW} Interviewer: You ever heard of mush 303: I can't reach on that. Interviewer: mushroom or 303: #1 mush # Interviewer: #2 mu- # 303: mush {NW} I can't get that. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: You ever heard of mushroom or 303: yes I've heared it. But I {NS} {X} know what it is or what I'm talking about. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: On Interviewer: You ever heard of a a toad stool or frog bench or- 303: Yes I've seen them up. {NS} So I had to get my mother to fry me some of 'em and she wouldn't do it. Frog stool. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 303: And I've tasted and eat some of these some says it's poison but it didn't hurt me. Interviewer: Yeah. 303: I eat it raw and just My mother wouldn't cook it for me {NS} I'd go out there and get around and the old stump get a piece sometimes be {NS} top of that book Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: Pull it off and break it. Eat it. {NS} And giving it a little salt. And eat it and sometimes {X} ain't got no taste to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: After you dry smother it and f-find out what you eating. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 303: It's this sort of s- made like something that's tasteless. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} {NW} 303: There was one down here. the other day I told that boy let it stay there I might take it out and eat it. or play with him children up here comes down here and plays a lot. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: I told him left alone I might eat it. Interviewer: Okay um. {NS} You say he um. That piece of meat got stuck in his throat and he couldn't what? 303: Couldn't cough it out. Interviewer: Okay. You say he could chew it but he couldn't. 303: Swallow it. {NS} Interviewer: Okay um. And what's What do people smoke that's made out of tobacco? {NS} 303: What's a Interviewer: That people smoke made out of tobacco. 303: Oh. {NS} Smoke made out of tobacco. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 303: That's uh {NS} tobacco I reckon. Interviewer: Okay but it comes in what? 303: Can. Interviewer: Okay but those long white things that come in a package you'd call those 303: Cigarettes. Interviewer: Okay and then what about those brown things? 303: Uh cigarette holder? Interviewer: Okay but brown things thicker than cigarettes 303: Uh Interviewer: The men would smoke 'em. 303: I forgotten how what they call that. The tip. to hold a cigar Interviewer: No. The- to hold a what? 303: Cigar. Interviewer: Okay um. {NS} Suppose I might offer to do you a favor. You'd say well I appreciate it but I don't want to be what? 303: Don't want to be in to {X} Interviewer: Okay or you say like you don't want to feel like then you have to do something for the person. You'd say I don't want to be what to nobody? I don't want to be {NS} 303: Be no trouble. Interviewer: Okay. Or would you say I don't want to be beholden or I don't want to be obligated? 303: Yeah I don't want to be obligated or beholden. Interviewer: Okay um. So if I ask you about whether or not you're able to do a certain job and you tell 'em sure I 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: do it. Sure I {NS} 303: I do it if I'm able. Interviewer: Okay. And ask you um can you do that? And you'd say no I {NS} 303: I can't do it. Interviewer: Okay or you'd say yes I {NS} 303: I- I can. Interviewer: Okay um. {NS} Okay um someone. say- say it was a real bad bad accident 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: up the road and then you say There was no need to to call the- a doctor because the victim was what? 303: Dead. Interviewer: was what dead bef- by the time we got there? He was 303: He was passed. Interviewer: Okay um. {NS} Okay you say that dangerous situation he what to be careful he {NS} 303: {X} Interviewer: {X} And you say I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you {NS} what? 303: {NW} Something'll get you. Interviewer: Huh okay um {NS} Would you say I'll bet you dasen't or I bet you daren't or? 303: to go Interviewer: Yeah how would you say that I bet you 303: I bet you {NS} you wouldn't go by yourself. Interviewer: Okay um say um. {NS} You might tell a child well {NS} You aren't doing what you {NS} what to do? 303: supposed to do Interviewer: okay um {NS} You say if a boy got a whipping you'd say well I bet he did something he 303: Didn't. {X} He done something that it wasn't suitable. Interviewer: Okay you'd say um Okay you might tell someone you're not doing what you ought to do or. Okay using that word ought. Um you'd say I bet he did something he 303: Didn't ought or didn't uh {NS} wa-wasn't supposed to be done. Interviewer: Okay or didn't or what did you start to say 303: {NW} He done something he wasn't supposed to do. Interviewer: Okay but use uh another word for that. He done something he 303: He aught not to done. Interviewer: Okay um. {NS} You might tell someone now no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just {NS} 303: Can't do it. Interviewer: Or I just. {NS} Someone says will you do that and you say no I 303: No I can't do it. Interviewer: Or it's not that you can't. It's it's that you just 303: I just can't Interviewer: Okay. Or if {NS} talking about is if I say I just will not do that or I just wo- 303: W-well I just {NS} Can not do that. Interviewer: Okay but Okay and suppose someone asked you to do something that you can do but for some reason you just opposed to doing that. You say um {NS} that you you decided that you're just not going to do that. And You tell someone um no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just 303: can not do it Interviewer: or I just won't 303: just won't do it Interviewer: Okay um. Suppose you had done some real hard work all by yourself and {NS} all the time you were working like {NS} uh maybe changing a tire or something someone was just standing around watching you. 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS} and after you get through working you go up to that person and you say you know instead of watching me you know you might 303: help me Interviewer: you what? 303: You might help me. Interviewer: Okay um okay and suppose. You're through working and you go up to 'em and you say that you you know you might. 303: Well. You waited too late. Interviewer: #1 But you might # 303: #2 I # {NW} You you might help me before I got {X} Interviewer: Okay um {NS} And you'd say um. Someone ask you if you're able to do something you'd say well I'm not sure but I might {NS} what do it. I might 303: I'm ain't for sure. For I'm be able to do that or not Interviewer: Well okay But I might 303: I might not. Interviewer: Okay um. Okay talk about kinds of animals now. the kind of bird that can see in the dark {NS} 303: Mm that's owls. Interviewer: Okay. What about the little owl? That has a real high voice {NS} 303: {NW} {NS} He's a screech owl. Interviewer: Okay. What about the big one? 303: A horn owl. Interviewer: Any other kinds? 303: No those the only two kinds I know. Interviewer: Okay um. What about the kind of bird that that drills holes in trees? 303: That's called a a redwood. That's a peckerwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Um any other names? 303: {NW} Interviewer: Like for the real big one. 303: No let's see. Seem like there is another one. chuck chuckwood Interviewer: What 303: He is the He's the chuckwood next thing to a yellow hammer. Interviewer: Next thing to a #1 Yellow # 303: #2 He makes # makes holes in wood He's rotting wood. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 303: And uh. {NS} He's yellow breasted and gray winged red head and he's bigger than this other one that you was talking about. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And he and uh he eats uh rotten dead wood {NS} picks on the hull Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: {NS} But he he's a what did I call him? Chick {NS} check checkerwood Interviewer: {NS} uh-huh 303: {X} {NS} that's his name. {NS} He's bigger than a peckerwood. {NS} quite small. Interviewer: Uh-huh 303: But he {NW} the the rooster is red headed and uh the hen is gray headed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Light light gray Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Um. Do you ever call people peckerwood? 303: No I never did in my life. I've heared 'em lots of other people talk and laugh and joke with one another but I but I never did use that word. Interviewer: What does it mean? to call someone that {NS} Is it bad or 303: {NW} Yes in a way it is. If you're mad {NS} and uh {NW} call a- a white fella {NS} a peckerwood he'd get mad at you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: Talking about {NS} cutting you up. {NS} And that's why I never do use it. I don't use that word. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You use it to call white people peckerwood? {NS} 303: No. Interviewer: Is that 303: {NW} I say some #1 some people # Interviewer: #2 I mean is # Is that how the word was used It mean a white person. 303: Yeah it means a white person. Interviewer: Oh I see. {NS} 303: And uh I never do born {NS} to say that about nobody. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: and uh And a white person don't a lot like it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 303: And it sort of like it is about nigger. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 303: A nigger {X} That's different than a nigger. And the African niggers when they saw the {NS} kind of names they mixed up some of 'em you can't not tell them white people {X} {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: got mixed all away. and uh you can call one of them half yellow so and so or something and he and and then he won't kill you for it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: and uh {NS} And of course you couldn't help nobody can help the way they come up Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 303: and and so in the Summer t- they'd call 'em some of them's the blackest seem black as a pot. I'm black as that thing there. If you call him {NS} a pot {NS} Now some of them just will spit in your face. {NS} They don't like that just when they're black as a pot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: But uh the African he's got great long curly hair and black curly hair and I think they got a good set of hair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: They look good but they got thick lip mm-hmm their lips thick enough to put on the sole of a shoe. A full blooded African is and uh them is being trained by white people {NS} and they come out of the see they didn't know back yonder they didn't know how to do nothing. The white people went over there and trained 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And stayed with 'em and then some left there. some there's preachers went over there and preached to 'em and there's people went over there white people Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh {NS} learned 'em how to work. Interviewer: okay 303: make their own living. Now they're doing pretty well over in Africa now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and the African the nigger race is come from Africa then we started from the African Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh now the white people don't hardly ever say nigger no more they say {NS} colored person. Or black person or brown person or a yellow person. That's the way they {NW} {X} {NS} That's what they mostly call 'em now. Interviewer: What's what's yellow? 303: What's yellow Interviewer: uh-huh you mean like Japanese or 303: #1 uh Japanese # Interviewer: #2 What do you mean? # 303: or red- red indian. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and {X} {NS} I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: What do- what do you what do you call yourself? 303: Now I'm a mixed I'm a mixed {NS} {X} {NS} and uh my grandpa uh t- 'til this {NS} my grandpa was Indian. Interviewer: uh-huh Would you call yourself red or #1 black or colored or # 303: #2 mm no mm no # No I call myself colored. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What other words are there for a colored person who has real light skin? {NS} 303: Mulatto {NS} mulatto. {NS} Interviewer: Mulatto? 303: Mulatto Interviewer: Is that someone who's part white? 303: Yes. Interviewer: #1 part colored # 303: #2 {X} # white person Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 303: #2 I # went to see a girl here. {NS} uh about a month ago and couldn't tell her put her out there and you couldn't tell if she was a white person to save your life. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and uh {NS} She left the next week after I went to see her. I just went over there to talk to her. I didn't want to marry her. I didn't want {NS} nothing of that kind. I just wanted to talk to her and see how she talked. {NS} And she didn't talk {X} I didn't want her. Interviewer: yeah 303: because {NS} I was scared that I was darker different. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: from other people white people and now of course this girl was so much lighter than I am that's why I couldn't marry her. {X} 303: three times now I've seen her And every time {NS} #1 I'm a see if she wants to come up here. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 303: {NS} And see me see how I look. I told her she wouldn't have had much if she got up here and see me. She says oh you don't know nothing. You don't know that. {NS} Well I do know her. {NW} She said you know the last time I seen you dressed up and down then three times you's w-wife was looking in I didn't have no right saying nothing to you. Interviewer: yeah 303: {NS} And so {NS} I don't know how I've come without a wife I don't same time I don't want nobody. Interviewer: {NW} But why are why were you gonna go see her then? 303: huh? Interviewer: How'd you How is it then that she's going to come see #1 you're going to go see # 303: #2 Yeah she's coming to see me. # {NS} and uh And when she looks at I told her not to slip up on me. I don't want to start anything. {NS} Clean up a little Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: She said and {NS} said she says I won't do that. Said I'll let you know when I'm coming. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: mm I told her she'd come I said now {NW} when you see me and you you more ill than I am and I know that you're sixty-five and I'm I'm in my seventies. We're about and getting into my ages and I said now I'm too y- old for that She said you don't know that. and so {NS} I hope she brings s-s-see me. She said well {NS} I don't want you. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: #1 I hope she'll say that. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 303: I done got myself into it. Interviewer: yeah 303: But now she said Interviewer: What if she decides she wants you? {NS} #1 What are you going to do? # 303: #2 I just drop my head and stay down. # Interviewer: {NW} {NS} yeah 303: and {NS} well What time is it? Interviewer: I don't have a watch #1 on me. # 303: #2 Let me # see what time {NS} {X} Interviewer: yeah {NS} {NW} 303: {X} Interviewer: yeah {NS} okay um {NS} This is a kind of animal it's black got black and white stripes and it's got a real strong smell to it. 303: That's a monkey? Interviewer: No it's it's a common one around here. It's got a real strong smell. {NS} {C: incoherent radio chatter throughout next chunks} 303: Oh what'd you say a black? Interviewer: black and white {NS} 303: It ain't a billy goat is it? Interviewer: no I'll tell you about it Well what are some animals that might come in and and get the hens? {NS} invade your henhouse 303: well {NS} {NS} I've got to sort an answer there. would it black uh polecat? Interviewer: okay 303: {NW} {NS} yeah Interviewer: You ever smell one of those? 303: Oh Lordy Kill one out there here about a month a little one Went out there {X} to get to wait for that open rain get that scent away from you. and it rained in the next day or two three days. {NW} Took it over back over there and throwed it away. Got rid of it. That rain washed the scent away. But it took it two three days. rain before washed it away and {NW} Interviewer: yeah um Say some animals have been coming and getting your hens. You didn't know exactly what kind they were. What might you say? Might say I was going to get I'm going to get me a gun and kill those 303: I'm gonna kill kill the Satan eating my chickens up. I had two hens that were eat up here. about uh {NS} three weeks ago and another one here last week. And I think it's a possum. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh was going to get my gun and go out there and kill it. in the car if you crawl from the road down there it's two of them. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: great big and about that long {NS} Interviewer: right #1 {X} # 303: #2 and uh # I killed them down there when they was crossing the road and I told that boy if he'd take them off I'd give him a dime. So he took them off back where I told him. Creek in the water. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: So them oil I ain't had none killed since. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 303: It must've been that old possum that killed him. Interviewer: yeah Do you use the word varmints? 303: huh? Interviewer: Do you use the word varmints? {NS} 303: {X} Interviewer: Do you use the word varmint? 303: Y-yeah I use the word varmint. Interviewer: What does that mean? 303: It means uh fur a var- a var- it it if you {NS} {C:static on the word varmints in the next line} hunt varmints possum coon a cat a weasel Interviewer: uh-huh 303: uh mink So I call them varmint. Interviewer: Uh-huh things that you hunt for their fur? 303: That's right. uh That's how I used to hunt for it. I makes a entire fifty dollars from that. Interviewer: yeah what #1 How would you do that? # 303: #2 fifty dollars a night. # Well I had my dog and I'd just take my gun and lantern and go on out catch me up four or five every night. As much as I can get back home with it. Interviewer: four or five what? 303: possum coon a polecat sometimes mink sometimes a weasel {NS} And didn't catch the same amount every every time I went out but I catch some of one kind nearly every time I go on out. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Okay what about a bushy tailed animal? lives up in the trees 303: That's a coon. Interviewer: Okay what about one that is smaller than that just a little thing that you find even in a city. {NS} 303: uh {NS} Uh I forgot what they call that. Interviewer: I'm thinking of squirrels. 303: Squirrel yeah. Interviewer: What kinds of squirrels are there? 303: There's a gray squirrel and there's a there's a fox squirrel. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: The fox squirrel's bigger than the gray squirrel. The fox squirrel's red. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 303: and brown and red {NS} And the gray squirrel is red from then and to again {NS} He's uh gray all over. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: I used to kill them. Then I went and eat them. {NS} when I got one on the farm Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And I ain't killed none since I been here. Interviewer: What about something similar to a squirrel? only it can't climb trees {NS} 303: uh {NS} You mean a ground squirrel is it? Interviewer: What's that look like? 303: He's a little striped thing just like a uh a watermelon. Just stripes running up and down his back and he's got a little short tail uh three or four inches long Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and {NS} He's slick. And they call him a ground squirrel and he's he totes his food in his mouth Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: totes his food {D: in his cheek nuts} or one and he just take two on the raw and one on this side and one on this side and he'll wander off and bury that for winter. I seen them come in with a mouth stuck out there and just full {NS} acorns {D: before they're digged up} Interviewer: yeah 303: And then after a while they rest a while and then go back again. I was sitting there look-looking for a squirrel and I found out the way he did it. Interviewer: yeah 303: Put it up for winter and I didn't kill him I just let him go on. {NS} and uh anything else contrary to that I I can't think. #1 of what you's talking # Interviewer: #2 yeah # That's what I was thinking of. 303: huh? Interviewer: #1 That's what I was thinking of. Ground squirrel # 303: #2 mm mm # Interviewer: What kinds of fish do you have around here? 303: Well bass {C: not sure how the following line is spelled} the pirate blue cat the yellow cat {NS} and uh Interviewer: #1 What's a # 303: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What's a blue cat and a yellow cat? 303: different They ain't a bit different only one's he's blue as a a piece of paper. {NS} And this other one is yellow. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: looking brown sort of like that chair. He's light. And he-he's what you call a camel cat. He gets bigger and then there Interviewer: #1 yeah # 303: #2 uh he # He's a great big cat. But the blue cat is the best eat in the sea and uh have a blue cat and have have a yellow cat. Interviewer: Okay what um the things that pearls grow in um what do you call those? 303: That's that what grows in? Interviewer: Pearls. 303: Pearls. A mussel shell. Interviewer: okay is there another name for those? {NS} 303: Oyster shell. Interviewer: okay um And this is something that you might hear {NS} making a noise around a a pond or a lake at night. {NS} 303: That's a bullfrog. Interviewer: okay What about those smaller kinds of frogs? They get up in trees maybe have a real high voice. 303: uh tree frogs Interviewer: okay {NS} um Is the thing that hops around out on the land 303: That's a I know what it is. That's a {NS} uh toad frog Interviewer: okay 303: Toad frog. Interviewer: And this is something you might dig up to go fishing with. 303: worms Interviewer: okay What kinds of worms are there? 303: red worms Interviewer: okay This is a hard shell thing that can curl its neck and legs into its shell. 303: That's a mud turtle hmm Interviewer: #1 okay # 303: #2 a a hard shell # Interviewer: {NS} Does that stay in the water? 303: No he stays he stays in the pond. Goes down in the mud. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And these other turtle they stay on top of the water. soft shell turtle He stay on top of the water. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: floating around and and you go down towards there and you can see them floating around on top of the water. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 You call those a a soft shell? # 303: #2 soft shell turtle # we call them Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 303: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about something similar to that but stays on dry land? 303: That's the terrapin. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} okay um This is something that you'd find at a creek. It's got a shell to it. And it's got its little claws and pinchers. and 303: That's a crawfish. Interviewer: okay And this is something you'd buy out {NS} get it from the ocean. They go out and they drag nets and get these and 303: oysters shells Interviewer: No I'm thinking of something different. 303: oh Interviewer: It's got a little you can buy it now. It has a little #1 thin # 303: #2 {X} # It ain't a crab is it? Interviewer: No it's got a thick shell to it. that you peel off And then you boil it. And it's white. {NS} 303: hmm You got above me with that. I can't Interviewer: see them #1 shrimp or swimp? # 303: #2 hmm # uh swimp I never saw them but {NS} they got they're crabs and uh swimps Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 303: #2 and uh # there's another one but I can't call it. Interviewer: mm-hmm okay What about some insects that the kind of insect that would fly around the light and try and fly into it 303: mm it ain't a {NS} ain't a mosquito is it? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of of something else. it say if you had a light on outside on your porch 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: You'll see this flying around the light 303: Oh that's a candle fly Interviewer: okay {NS} and this is something that would get in your wool clothes and eat holes in them. 303: That's a termite not termite but uh {NS} uh {NS} Uh I know what it is moths Interviewer: okay and if you have these you you'd set out what to get rid of them 303: {NS} you get moth balls to put in there in a trunk Interviewer: okay Oh this is something that flies about and has a little light in its tail. 303: mm-hmm uh yeah I know {NS} a lightning bug they call it Interviewer: okay 303: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {NS} 303: I ain't heared them called nothing else. Interviewer: okay And this is an insect that you'd see around a a lake or something and it's so it's got four wings. You know two pairs of wings. {NS} 303: Uh bat? Interviewer: No this is It's an insect #1 now # 303: #2 oh insect # Interviewer: {NS} #1 And it's um # 303: #2 It's a s- # snake doctor Interviewer: okay And um what kinds of insects will sting you? 303: Uh that's honey bee. Interviewer: What else? {NS} 303: bumble bee s- it was a stripy bumble bee and a hornet Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh You get stung with a hornet you'll hurt your {X} I'm telling you. I got into a hornet nest one time. with my brother Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh one flew and hit him knocked him down. {NS} And it hurts bad. and uh we'd uh see that hornet building a nest Interviewer: yeah 303: the round nest and he's got a hole right in the bottom of his nest and he goes up there and uh And we had a stick punching up there and got him mad and you know and they come down w-wasn't enough t-too high on the outside of the tree Interviewer: #1 mm # 303: #2 We had a long # preaching pole and stuck up in there. got them stirred up And them things like to kill. um I I see them one nest now I get away from there. Interviewer: {NW} 303: I don't fool with it. Interviewer: yeah {NS} What about something else similar to a hornet only it doesn't build a nest the same way? 303: none it ain't a dirt dauber is it? Interviewer: no um It's something similar to that. 303: hmm Interviewer: thinking of a wa- 303: a yellow {X} no yellow jacket? Interviewer: #1 yes # 303: #2 oh # a wasp Interviewer: okay The yellow jacket does that build a nest in the ground? 303: no {NS} no {NS} Interviewer: What about that other those other things you mentioned? What were they? {NS} 303: bumblebee? Interviewer: Okay or wa- What else? 303: stripy I guess uh that's a black bumblebee builds a nest in the ground. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: goes in the ground. These are little black bumble bees no bigger than the tip end of your finger and you go around them they'll eat you up. Interviewer: yeah {NS} 303: They go in they'll bite you. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and got holes and they crawl back in that to where they're working at and until anybody passes around there they'll get you. Interviewer: #1 what # 303: #2 um # {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What about something that maybe um would start building a nest um oh maybe from say if you had a barn up up hanging from the roof in the corner 303: mm Interviewer: start building a nest {NS} 303: Now that's a wasp I reckon or a dirt dauber. Interviewer: okay Those those were called what? 303: Dirt dauber. Interviewer: Oh what else did you say those were? 303: huh? Interviewer: What else did you say those were? 303: dirt dauber and uh {NS} wasp. Interviewer: okay Did you ever have a wasp get after you? 303: Yeah been stung many times. {NS} by the {NS} up here Smith was here about three or four year a red wasp stung a white fella up there and killed him before night. Interviewer: really? {NS} 303: Killed him before night his blood wasn't right. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and he is called to that I never heared of a wasp killing a person in my life. Interviewer: yeah 303: I've been stung with them thousand times but it killed him. His heart his blood was something wrong with it. Interviewer: #1 yeah # 303: #2 And then when this # thing stung him it just poisoned him up. And it poisoned also his sister. And listen wasp stung him that that evening before night before midnight he was dead they say. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 303: #2 It was sad. # White people said that and I know it. It's true cause I heared it two or three three different people told it. white people Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Said yes he he he died. He never did get well get over {NS} His blood doctor said if his blood had been normal like it ought to been it wouldn't have hurt him. Interviewer: yeah 303: But he stung in the wrong time. Interviewer: How many um say talking about a wasp nest about how many are are there in the nest? 303: There's mm all the way from {NS} the red wasp is already the yellow jacket's all the way from t-t-twenty five to hundred maybe two hundred yellow jacket and the big wasp they don't get {X} Interviewer: #1 How many do they have? # 303: #2 {X} # They have about seventy-five Interviewer: seventy-five 303: seventy-five to a to a hundred Interviewer: hundred of these what? 303: uh uh red wasp Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and uh the the yellow jackets he's a wasp in a way but it's different. He has around a hundred two hundred maybe some more. and you just they're just thick and flying in there. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: And don't don't shake them up. It'll give you a hell of trouble. Interviewer: yeah What about a little insect that might little tiny thing that might get on to you if you had gone blackberry picking? 303: That's a chigger. Interviewer: okay 303: Then there's a there's another one. You know there's tick. Interviewer: yeah 303: And I don't like them things at all. But they easy to control. Just put a little lamp oil and salt on them and you you just turn them loose. Interviewer: Just put a little what? 303: lamp oil or salt {NS} Interviewer: hmm 303: And just rub it on and this time now he he done move he done dead Interviewer: yeah What do you do to keep them off dogs? 303: Well I got a medicine here in town we got I forgot what they call it. there I think I got some of it out there in boxes. I don't know what they call that stuff. Interviewer: yeah 303: But they just spray it on. Interviewer: yeah 303: Push down on it {NW} {C: making noises like a spray bottle} spray it and in just a few minutes and You sitting around and you ain't don't see a one. Interviewer: yeah 303: {X} getting them Interviewer: okay this is something that an insect it hop around in the grass in the summer time. 303: Yeah that's a grasshopper. Interviewer: #1 okay # 303: #2 sawyer # and the big grasshopper and his name is sawyer. He gets about two inches long. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: The little the other grasshopper why I ain't got no name for this other one. He just about a inch and a half a inch long. {X} grasshopper Interviewer: the gray 303: the gray grasshopper then there then there the sawyer #1 He he's a red grasshopper # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 303: stripes up and down his wings Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 303: #1 he # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever heard # mm-hmm 303: That's all. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people call 'em hoppergrass? 303: hoppergrass Interviewer: yeah 303: no Interviewer: okay um This is a small fish that you might use for bait. {NS} 303: That's a small fish I forgot what they call that. {NS} That's see that I believe is They call it a mackerel mackerel. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And uh I think what they call that I ain't ri-right uh I think I am. Interviewer: okay um And if you haven't cleaned a room in a long time up in the corner you know stretched across the corner 303: {NW} Interviewer: of the ceiling you might see what? What might you find? 303: find a spider web Interviewer: okay Would that have a spider in it? 303: No not every time. They it forms by the nature and uh they they just uh {D: words} just because of that Interviewer: uh-huh um Do you call it spider web if it's inside or outside? does it make any difference? 303: Yes {X} same thing in a way they call it spider web Interviewer: You ever heard of a cobweb? 303: cobweb? Interviewer: uh-huh 303: Yeah I've heared it but I don't understand it. well {NW} Interviewer: Of the part of the tree that's underground you'd call those the 303: the roots of the tree Interviewer: okay Do you ever hear of use of some kind of roots or vines for medicine? 303: yes ma'am and then That's the burdock Interviewer: the what? 303: burdock {NS} and uh Interviewer: #1 Is that a root or # 303: #2 cherry # cherry red cherry and uh {NS} blackberry Interviewer: yeah 303: root Interviewer: What do you use these for? 303: Use it for medicine. Interviewer: What what's that first one you mentioned? burd- burdock? 303: burdock. Interviewer: What's that? #1 Is that a tree or a bush? # 303: #2 No th-that's a plant. # Interviewer: uh-huh 303: That's a plant. Interviewer: What what do you take that for? #1 How'd it do? # 303: #2 Well well you # dig up the roots of it and put it on the boiler and make a laxative out of it. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: And you take it just bitter. why not Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and uh the cherry root I think of the bark and see how we've got now but I believe it's the bark. You mix it with that burdock if you want to. #1 and you # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 303: building up your blood. Interviewer: yeah 303: and uh the blackberry root then the the yellow puccoon Interviewer: yellow what? 303: yellow puccoon Interviewer: C-cocoon? 303: No it grows on these mountains. Interviewer: #1 What's that for? # 303: #2 it's got a # yellow root on it. and uh they they d-dig it. It's next thing to ginseng. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: They dig it and dry it and sell it. They fixing it all to make medicine out of it. Interviewer: Do they use it for anything special though if they keep it and use it #1 for medicine? # 303: #2 no # These young people don't the-they {NS} They a hundred now. But they don't use they go to drug store and get their medicine #1 now # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Do you remember where that used to be used for? 303: Uh yellow puccoon? Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 303: #2 uh # and ginseng? Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: It was used I think for your blood. Interviewer: yeah 303: when you use it build your body up Interviewer: uh-huh What about if you had a sore in your mouth? {NS} 303: sore? Interviewer: #1 yeah # 303: #2 in my mouth? # Interviewer: uh-huh 303: oh you'd have get some kind of sap. put it on it and wash it out with with alcohol and uh this other stuff. I forget what you peroxide Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Wash it out with peroxide. Interviewer: You ever hear of yellow root? #1 yellow root # 303: #2 y-yes ma'am # yes there's uh that uh what I need I swear to God. Interviewer: yellow 303: yellow puccoon it's it's got a yellow root. #1 and # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 303: and uh {NS} ginseng It's it's white. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: That's a different it and uh they sell them now for sixty-five dollars a pound. fill up your Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: lives right up here and there's one in Watertown had uh that do-ed it this time he had this fellow down there had a fifteen pound. Interviewer: god 303: And this other fellow up here he got little more than that and uh the man come here to buy it and the reason he didn't buy it It wasn't dry. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: An uh he said he'd have to dry it before he could give that much with it. He wouldn't take it green. And it's green so Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 303: #2 whenever it dries # he offered him sixty-five dollars a pound. Interviewer: Mm. That's a lot of money. {NS} What kind of tree did you tap for syrup? 303: what? what's that? Interviewer: What kind of tree did you tap for syrup? 303: oh sugar tree sugar tree Interviewer: okay And what would you call a big group of these trees growing together? 303: Oh we would call them twinned. {NS} twin trees Interviewer: uh-huh What about if there's just a lot of these growing like a whole big group growing together? 303: well I'd call that I don't know exactly what you would call that. what of that many together Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: but Well there's two or three joining growing together I'd call that a What'd I call it a twin didn't I? Interviewer: twin 303: twin trees Interviewer: okay um This is the kind of tree that's got white scaly bark and it's got these little knobs or balls growing on it. and It's got big broad leaves. branch out 303: I know that tree but now {NS} I can't call it. Never got it out oh there's m- thems trees is scary. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: There ain't none up my house here. Interviewer: yeah {NS} 303: But I can't call it. I-I've seen it many times. Interviewer: You ever heard of a syc- sycamore 303: Sycamore yeah we've got a few scattered around here. {NS} sycamore It's a got uh white bark on it. #1 and and # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 303: Wherever it sheds is slick. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and I don't worry so much to count them up there. People cuts a few logs around there put them down in the creeks. It don't grow much on swamp around the around the oh big creeks somewhere. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: {NS} It don't grow out in the woods in {D: in the lochs like} You got to look certain place to find Interviewer: mm-hmm What are some of the trees around here? {NS} 303: What are they? Interviewer: Yeah what kinds of trees #1 grow around here? # 303: #2 what # There's a uh the cedar tree {NS} a {NS} poplar tree a yellow poplar white poplar elm tree red elm tree a white elm tree Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: uh and uh {NS} there's a beech tree and there's a oak tree. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: There's chinquapin tree. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Then there's uh hog- hog- {D: hogated tree} Interviewer: a what? 303: {D: Hogated} #1 tree you know I told you about them. # Interviewer: #2 oh yeah # 303: {D: They're hogated.} Tree you've got a top of them just like a umbrella Interviewer: yeah 303: And there's chi-chinquapin around it's slick. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: And this here other one You got this here {X} just like umbrella around. And when it falls in fall the hogs leasing and then the people raise hogs on them's got four of them you got them all they're {NS} and I wouldn't have one cut for nothing. But whenever they hit They do not feed the hog. and {X} They're ready getting ready to kill him. Interviewer: yeah 303: to grow them on {NS} Then there's a there's a weeping willow tree. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and there's a {NS} weeping willow and then {NS} there's a boxelder no. Interviewer: What about some bushes or shrubs that grow wild around here? {NS} 303: Well there's a boxelder Interviewer: Is that a bush or a shrub? 303: #1 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer: #2 um # 303: It's a bush. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: Then there's {NS} Oh I can't think right now. Interviewer: What about a shrub that has leaves that turn bright red? and um {NS} It's got these little berries on it. {NS} 303: Well {NS} I don't know whether that's a beech tree or Interviewer: No it's a shrub or a bush. 303: oh {NS} It's different then. {NS} between {NS} uh You got me on that. {NS} Interviewer: You ever heard of su- or shumac or {NS} 303: huh Interviewer: You ever heard of shumac or su-sumac or shu- 303: no Interviewer: shumac? 303: shu- yes shumac. There there's a the shumac grows here in this county. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh {NS} and uh boxelder put that Interviewer: uh-huh 303: A boxelder is white wood it's white as cotton. And the boxelder it {NS} And there's another one but I can't think again {NS} And there's sycamore tree. I done named that. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about any kinds of bushes or or vines vines that make your your skin break out if you touch 'em? 303: Yeah I knows what part of that is. poison oak poison oak to some folks poison oak some call poison oak Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and so {NS} here we got got some of that around plenty of that around in different places. {NS} Interviewer: What's it look like? #1 Can you describe it? # 303: #2 Looks like a vine. # little gnarl leaves Interviewer: So what leaves? 303: little gnarl leaves on it and comes down like a V and it's makes you think of {NS} uh I don't know makes you I I can't can't place what I'm trying to say. But anyhow It it it runs. It's a vine. Runs up in trees or runs out on the fence. or runs down on the ground to another tree {NS} and uh {NS} you don't see much of it only where it's right rich Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and where it's right rich at it it's comes up all out of the ground around the the roots of this big tree and and it runs up on it and uh You draw yourself portions. Using or being poisoned with it well I better stay away from it. Because it breaks out on you you might not like I don't know it's awful. And damn it hurts. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 303: #2 One of them did hurt me. # I could go up take my hand pull it off and put it in the mouth of children it don't bo- #1 bother them. # Interviewer: #2 hmm # 303: That's the difference in the people. Interviewer: yeah 303: My mother could just walk under the tree where it was at. an-and she'd have to get a salt and lamp oil and solve it together an-and go to rubbing with it to keep to keep it from being hurt. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: break out all over Interviewer: yeah {NS} um Okay what kind of berries 303: uh raspberries Interviewer: Okay what about berries that you make shortcake out of? 303: strawberries Interviewer: okay and um Okay this is a tall bush. It's got {NS} beautiful pink and white flowers on it. {NS} And I think it grows around the spring. Or it grows around the spring 303: mm Yeah that's one {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of laurel or mountain laurel or spoonwood or something like that? {NS} ivy 303: no If that doesn't vine well Interviewer: You never heard of laurel or rhododendron? 303: mm-mm. Interviewer: okay Oh this is a a tree. It's got shiny leaves and big white flowers. {NS} And it leaves a prickly seed pod that looks something like a cucumber. {NS} 303: Well that's the there's a yell- there's a yellow poplar. or you got pods on it that run about that long. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: It looks like sort of like you're talking about but that's the only thing that I can pair it with. Interviewer: This has got it's a big tree. 303: #1 Oh really? # Interviewer: #2 And it's got shiny # green leaves and these big white flowers. 303: mm, mm {NW} It ain't a dogwood is it? Interviewer: no You ever heard of magnolia or cucumber tree or #1 something like that? # 303: #2 no # I never that's getting past what I'm used to. Interviewer: okay um If a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say I have to ask 303: my husband Interviewer: okay any other ways she'd refer to him? {NS} 303: {X} she'd ask her will he agree Interviewer: uh-huh Would she call him by old man or 303: #1 I think she'd call him out um # Interviewer: #2 my man # 303: my old man or either my husband Interviewer: uh-huh And what would he call her? 303: Well he might call her if if he's in love with her er- might call her honey I'm gonna do the best I can. Interviewer: okay Or you'd say um I have to ask would he say my my old lady or my wife? or my #1 {X} # 303: #2 Yeah he'd he'd say # I would have to I would ask my wife about that. Interviewer: okay um A woman who's lost her husband is called a 303: is lord lord for her husband Interviewer: who's lost her husband 303: oh {NS} She said well my husband passed {NS} yet in nineteen so and so Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and and I miss him. Interviewer: Uh-huh and whoever says that she's been a 303: a widow Interviewer: okay what if they separated? They're not living together anymore. 303: mm Interviewer: Then she'd be a 303: but oh no Interviewer: You ever hear of grass? 303: gra- g-grass widow Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever what does that mean? 303: That woman is that husband's parted and they ain't never gonna be married. {NS} I mean uh they been married but uh uh parted and got divorced. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and She's the grass widow. Interviewer: okay Um the man whose son you are is called your {NS} 303: what? You have to repeat that one. Interviewer: the man whose son you are {NS} is called your {NS} 303: That's called my daddy. Interviewer: okay any other names 303: some said father Interviewer: uh-huh 303: some say his daddy But there's one word I think shouldn't be a word to say that. And that's father. who art in heaven And I don't think nobody worthy enough to be called father. {NS} Interviewer: Oh I see. 303: They either daddy papa or mama. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 303: But when they go to saying father I think they went a little too far. But some does. #1 They do it plenty. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 303: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # #1 yeah yeah # 303: #2 father who art # in heaven It will be my name. and I Interviewer: #1 what was that? # 303: #2 {X} # Uh th-the father's in heaven you know. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: That uh who art to die {NS} for us all Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and that's Jesus {NS} Interviewer: #1 How is that? How is # 303: #2 God give # for us all. and uh know how long it's been so long ago Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And that's why I said when they say when none good but the f- father in heaven. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: #1 And he # Interviewer: #2 that's # How does that prayer go? 303: what? Interviewer: That father who 303: father who art in heaven Interviewer: What's that? 303: father who art in heaven Interviewer: uh-huh 303: help me along Interviewer: What's that something be thy 303: That's a sermon. Interviewer: yeah Do you know how it goes 303: No I don't I don't go no further than that. Interviewer: yeah 303: further than I know Interviewer: Do you use the word mother? {NS} 303: Jesus Interviewer: yeah um okay You say um you have your your daddy and then his wife is called your 303: grandma. {NS} Interviewer: Okay or {NS} any other names for that? {NS} what {NS} {NS} 303: mother or ma {NS} is the only thing I know {NS} ma or ma Interviewer: What's that? {NS} 303: that's my Now that'd be my grandma or grandma Interviewer: #1 oh I see # 303: #2 ma # ma and ma is a little different Interviewer: yeah 303: ma and ma {NS} That's that's more different in a way {NS} Interviewer: um What about her husband? That'd be your 303: uh Interviewer: Your grand 303: grandpa {NS} gran- {NS} grandpa or Interviewer: okay and um okay you might say mama or how how would you call your what would you say? 303: uh my you mean my grandma? Interviewer: No I'm talking about your 303: mother Interviewer: yeah {NS} 303: Well I g- call her mother. Interviewer: okay together your {NS} daddy and mother would be called your 303: my daddy and mother Interviewer: would be called your {NS} your pa- {NS} 303: what? Interviewer: They'd be called your 303: What what did you you mean what did they call me? Interviewer: No what what would you call them? You say These are my 303: Uh this is my mother and this is my daddy. Interviewer: Okay or these together they're they're my pa- {NS} 303: Mm. Interviewer: par- 303: parents Interviewer: okay um {NS} Okay you say I was the youngest of five 303: I was the y- youngest of the five children. Interviewer: any other name besides that? {NS} 303: I'm the the baby of the five children. Interviewer: okay um What about a name that a a child's known by just in his family? {NS} 303: name by known? Interviewer: yes a say what what would you call a baby I mean he if instead of calling him by his his given name you might give him a {NS} 303: hmm Interviewer: the older people might call him what? {NS} 303: uh {NS} don't know {NS} can't can't get that together Interviewer: You ever heard of a pet name or a basket name or something like that? 303: Oh I Oh I've known knows that give him a name but I given name but I can't think of that now. Interviewer: Okay this is something on wheels that you'd put a a baby in and it can lie down. 303: It's called a crib. Interviewer: Oh does that have wheels to it? 303: why mm yes it can have wheels but then there's some that ain't {NS} ain't got no wheel. Interviewer: What would you call the one that has wheels? 303: We'd call that a a baby chair. Interviewer: a chair? 303: a ch- uh uh no that ain't exactly what it is. {NS} but I just can't call it. Interviewer: #1 You told me a # 303: #2 cri- crib I believe # Interviewer: What about carriage or buggy or 303: carriage or either buggy either one Interviewer: Does that those have wheels on them? 303: The the buggies do and the carriage do too I think. Interviewer: okay 303: I know the buggies do. Interviewer: Okay so you put the baby in the buggy then you'd go out and what with the baby? go out and 303: shop Interviewer: yeah um 303: or shopping Interviewer: Yeah you put the baby in this buggy though then you take take it outside and and you say you're going to go what? the baby 303: I'm going to take the baby out Interviewer: {D: put the baby in the buggy} {C: static, I think it's an echo from a few lines earlier} 303: No I ain't got that. Interviewer: Would you talk about wheel the baby or roll the baby or ride the baby or 303: ride the baby or either Interviewer: Did you did you use that word? 303: yeah You use uh Interviewer: {D: wheel the baby} {C: echo} 303: ride the baby. or push the baby Interviewer: okay um You say you might have a son and a {NS} 303: son Interviewer: a son or a {NS} 303: or girl Interviewer: okay And the girl wouldn't be called a son she would be called a {NS} a boy would be a son a girl would be a 303: be a daughter Interviewer: okay And if a woman were going to have a child you'd say that she's 303: She's pregnant. Interviewer: Okay any other words {NS} for that? Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 303: yes but but there's another word {NS} But uh {NS} there's another word Interviewer: mm-hmm You say she's 303: big Interviewer: big? 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: okay And if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby you might send for this woman who'd be called a 303: uh I know what to call but I {NS} uh {NS} {C: silence} 303: {NS} Now if you're the biggest thing in the house then it could happen to you. He lost control of it and it's slip it's slipping and sliding on him. And uh there's another car behind him pushing him. And said that's what you need right underneath it. and I told him alright then and tell their daddy about it and and fixed to do something about it. Interviewer: yeah 303: And he said he'd put it back in as good as it was and {NS} {NS} about a hundred and fifty dollars. {NS} just from that one window. Interviewer: Hmm 303: People form glass that that big and getting somebody to do the work it's going to cost you. Interviewer: yeah. 303: It's going to cost you. this window {D: he stole it in this town and} tear it takes a lot of money to put it back and to get somebody to put it back. Interviewer: mm-hmm Seems like you had a lot of trouble with that storm and 303: huh? Interviewer: You had a storm. 303: yeah we had a storm out here Let's see. I can't tell you the exact date it was. {NS} It's been {NS} three {NS} It's been two months and Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: since we had a storm took the top off of my house here pulled it off. {X} It went over my the garage out there and my other house then ducked down again and I got a chicken house down in there Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: down there about fifty yards further. It dipped down and caught that thing at the bottom. Turned it {D: turned a tree over another man's field}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Then god willing I couldn't put it back without tying it up but I wouldn't put it back I was just better little bit better shape than I am now. I towed it up and I had one brother to help me. And uh we put it back. He helped me more in a day then I had in a year. Put it I put the henhouse back. Been sitting there ever since. {NS} And uh went on up to mister uh Lanks's house Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: I talked with Lane in front of my my chicken house and he had a cedar and there's a broken fence there. big as that chair there of cedar wood here And he twisted that cedar up around and down to the stump. up up into splinters {D: and then they just laughed} There's old Mr. Lanks's house. And they had a trailer up by the door they had a trailer. see {D: she said we're gonna move we're gonna move in it} But she helped me get down there to her mother's house that evening when the storm come. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and uh Whenever it come they had just got back from somewhere and and they were standing there in the yard before we went in the house and looking and she says says says says says says look at that cloud how black it is. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Says yes and says I I hear something roaring. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And says mother says I been wrong says no you ain't says you stay right down here you and your husband. Go in the house and in the living room wherever you want to. And says don't you worry. Go back to the trailer. And she says well Ma I {X} and look at how black it is. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And uh They made 'em they made 'em move to one house and locked the door and went all the way in and sat down. until some of 'em got up and looked out out the window And she said she says she says says here's the storm and says well what if I can't help it? and about that time it hit that trailer hit that trailer Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and tore it all to pieces. Interviewer: hmm 303: It j- just hulled it out and tore it all to pieces and turned it over nothing left nothing there but the wheel. The foundation it's sitting on was all that left it moved that. Think it turned that around. And if she'd of been up there her and the boy and her husband if there wasn't a way for them to escape it it'd kill 'em all. But they stayed down right it didn't hit them it didn't take that house. It went right over the house. And dipped down again that's on that trailer about through here down here on the road. about a hundred and fifty yards different and the difference that time time after it hit that trailer it rooted up went over water town and uh hit a few things over there but didn't tear up any. {NS} Interviewer: Was that the worst storm you've been in? 303: mm yes was about a more strong than I've been in {NS} But my wife been in a worse storm than that. {NS} And uh down here at uh pick up where the white people That's where farmer Armstrong raised her. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: She went down when she was six years old and when she come away from there she was eighteen year old. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Then I married her then after she was eighteen when she left eighteen or nineteen. twenty She was I think she was twenty years old when I married her. And we've been together ever since up until october the twenty-first nineteen seven and uh and and seventy-two. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: That's when she left me. dear lord {NS} {NS} And we accumulated and made a lot of money. We'd been robbed once. Interviewer: #1 really # 303: #2 And they didn't # didn't go over to our farm. some of it was some folks come out sat out in the car. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: Well I didn't want 'em to come in but he said uh {D: gonna get back on the specs} and you can't see good out here in this sun and this grass so let's take it in the kitchen before we using it. Turn the light on and see the flower. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 303: #2 Well I told 'em already # I can see 'em out here good enough. I don't care none about no room. My wife was over there. {D: the barn clean out cash stable} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: I'd lift 'em coming up right down that when I'd seen 'em drive up right up by the house. And during the time there's there's three of 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: There's one boy about about six about six foot slender made red hair. He's the one that showed me the carpet. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And there's another about my height and uh {NW} And there was another one in the car I never did see him get out but this this other one well he mi- he wasn't hardly as as tall as I was but he was heavy little heavy big fella he was a little heavier than I was. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: built he run on and {D: while I} turn that go and turn the light on. Opened the car and I say see that now there yes said ain't it pretty do what he will and he six foot high and we was standing in the kitchen door the house door and the carpet running around over cover that door oh but little he could slip in inside it. And I couldn't look over him. Cause I ain't six foot high I'm just eight foot nine I mean eight foot nine. five foot nine. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And I like nine ten eleven twelve I like three inches and been six foot would've straighten that And I couldn't see see over him and that boy slipped in there. And went on in the main sitting room and went back in the the back room where the bedroom was and company and uh went in to {NS} that several right there uh inside that I showed you yesterday opened it and my wife had a pocket book a black pocket book with her. two {D: spots} on. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And she should've kept my money and her money together And she had a lot of turkey money she had three hundred and three hundred and fifty dollar turkey money. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And I had the rest Working working out I worked out and sold cattle and um and I'd been meaning to take it to the bank but just didn't do it. And uh the starting of that this man comes out to paint in my house pop {NS} Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 303: #2 I didn't want him to paint but # he insist on it. He was going to paint it so cheap I well ain't nobody have a house painted that cheap. Says I'll paint it for five dollars. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And uh when they set the pump down and that truck out there he went to pumping me. And he told me look at this gage on this pump. I looked at it said you can't even read. {NS} here thanks again And he says well says there's uh {NW} You see where it start yes Says I'm going to turn it on now and he turned it on. He just kept coming down kept come on down. Sell you sell you for gallon and three quarter. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And he gave me the three quarters. I didn't want the paint I asked him for I paid in check no He didn't want no check. Well I said if you don't take a check you don't get your money. He said yes I will too And the old lady she's standing in the door and listen as he talk. and uh Old lady says you said you'd paint for five dollars. Now you charging five dollars a little old for a gallon. Why didn't you say that before you went up there? He says well says that's what I meant and well that's what it meant. And uh he says no says I I didn't did He was a detailer Says but that stuff costs us money and you see that by the gate you sell What it runs down to thirty-four gallons. And uh and three quarters and I'm going to need for that. And uh they was sitting in the house then. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And uh I had parted off and pocket knife and pull that out and give it to him and told my wife to go back in that room. And she went back in the room got a hundred dollars. Well she would give it to me and they was looking and going on this side and kept looking see which way she was going in there. He sat and looked at her he didn't look up at me. Nor would the other one he sat down and just held over and looked and when she come out she come out with a hundred dollars and he already took his head and looked at And then he bowed his head and looked back. But I didn't think nothing bou-bout- about him doing that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And nine months {NW} and three days they come back well that's when they're uh Interviewer: the same people? 303: same people the same people See they know they this boy you won't push him {D: say I came for some money} I imagine he tells the rest of 'em says cause I sat there and looked at him when she come out with that hundred dollar. And we agreed to let him off with a hundred and forty dollars. He keeping forty. She went back in there and got a hundred and now he know we've got money that I've stayed away. for you know 'em I reckon and uh come back Well when they come back they it's hard to tell 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and they started uh just different Interviewer: #1 yeah # 303: #2 They didn't dress like they did before. # And that's where {D: another way for me} by that and I didn't exactly know 'em but the same heights and all but they's changed. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and the the his hair was was dark dark when it was red when he was there. They had his hair darkened Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: saw that blue net color Interviewer: sorry what? 303: a blue net. Interviewer: What's that? 303: A color Interviewer: #1 oh oh yeah # 303: #2 of his hair # his hair. And so that that that made it look like somebody else to me. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And uh that's the reason they had a chance to rob me. Interviewer: Well what did you do after they robbed you? 303: Well I didn't know till supper time that night I would've but I still didn't know it. and uh It's supper time I'd eat supper. My wife has washed up the dishes. And she says she a keep stirs did something happen here? And so she's As she got to dish washing went on back in there Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and opened this dresser bureau and cicero whatever it is sitting right here now. she had sitting in the bottom Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: when she raised up the bottom but he's so big he wouldn't come out of there but she had this in the pocket books down in there black pocket book. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: she told it do whatever where she went when she's out then {NS} She raise raised it up. says sterling I was sitting in the rocking chair. Says what. Said we've been robbed. {NS} I said oh no. She says oh yes. And something told me and it says I you ain't you joking I says {D: she says wait I'll come in there} She come over there open open the part where he you see that you see your pocket book it's gone. Mine is gone. Says left one quarter in the bottom when it fell out or something. Says all not one quarter. {D: well I just sat back in the chair and fell back} give a long breath I said well don't tell nobody. She says yes {D: I can keep from telling}} {X} And it's that much money seven hundred and fifty dollars. It's worth talking about. Interviewer: Seven hundred and fifty? 303: Seven hundred and fifty dollars. Interviewer: gosh 303: Well I just lay back in the chair and let out a long breath. I said well we'll make it anyhow so I've got to do something. three or four thousand dollars worth of stocks I said we'll sell some of these {D: kegs} and uh {D: you sell uh seventy thirties} {NS} We'll we'll how We can get by. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: She said yes but this ain't what what we were taught run and put it back. I said this I've been angry go to the bank and put this in there She said I told you back only a month ago. Why didn't you take this money and put it in the bank? And she said I blame you for every bit of it. I want seven hundred and fifty dollar of my money and she says I blame you for it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And I says well do you want me to pay you back? And I lost more than you. Say that don't make no difference you used you turn it to me. And you let 'em get it. {D unbeknownst to you} You didn't know. And I seen this boy when he come out of the room when he come around the carpet but it didn't seem anyone in there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: Turned up the bed first. Then add another bed on the side and go and turn that up. And raise the pillows up and looked under the {D: pillows take them on in the room}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And looked in this thing and that's where he found it. {NS} Interviewer: Why didn't you Why didn't you call the police? 303: Well there wasn't no use. They done gone. And we couldn't identify I called white people call the police for me that after they found it out they let none of us bunch of police about five or six come from {X} and uh when they come they brought one of them fellows that sort as him with him. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: sit in the carpet and so after after it brought him with me w- uh with him it it turned around in my yard and uh this big police get out uh hello uncle yes sir come out here I went out there. and He says uh it had him in his own car. This fellow had sit in the carpet says you get out and freed him up let the the uncle look at you. I looked at him. I said no. He was that man ain't never been here before. Uh you say that man ain't been here before? yes sir Will you slide? yes sir Well how can you tell? I said well these other fellows were middle aged people. And how could you tell? I said I can tell by I can guess how I don't care who it is. White or black I can guess in three years your age. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and well Where's your wife? They said tell her to step out here. Tell her to come to the door. {D: dessie} yes what Are you coming to the door? take a good look at this fellow standing here. Has you ever b- you ever seen him here before? She says no lordy that ain't the man that's that man uh got some age on him. These other people was about thirty thirty five year old. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And she says another things that he was balded like my husband. H-h-he ain't got no hair up here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: And he says r-run it back a little further. And my husband and he's a heavy set fellow and he's fleshy and there wasn't but one of these fleshy but he's in d-dark and peckered skin. And says I can tell from here I can see good. {D: says you're supposed to turn him in} Well that fellow was so glad to hear that. Interviewer: yeah 303: and he and they pulled me say told him you saved for all that. says well {NW} {NS} Says you get in this back in your car and drive out in front of us. And says don't sell none other carpet in in Tennessee nowhere. {NS} Now state of Tennessee. And don't sell any other carpet. Well he said bye back then says I won't I won't. Said where you live. He told 'em. But I forgot the name of the place. And says well now don't you stop here. {NW} to sell any other carpet cause I'm from took them they all says you wouldn't want folks to keep doing this and without without their consent. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: They said that you was the one we would've fastened you right here. said but then everyone seemed to think that you were in a bunch of {D: talk and we just} that that's an excuse so you go on back to uh uh what's the name {D: wait a minute} and he says don't be stopping in Tennessee and selling another carpet. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and he thanked them says I won't He was {D: hyped} up so he got back in the car so I could tell he was {D: hyped} up well I wasn't gonna tell him no story about no seven hundred and fifty dollars if it'd been a thousand I wouldn't {X}. wouldn't decide to put it on a person I knew he wasn't even there ya see. Interviewer: yeah. 303: you he- he was just as innocent about that as anybody and uh he had no part in doing {X} boys just about all that kinda he a little boy {D: deny} oh I've got a little scattered {D: guy there} he didn't have none of them to sleep pay the rent and had had down here by the ears and the back of his head is all hair. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: he says so they're free again. yeah {NW} Interviewer: okay um we were talking yesterday about um ya know if you didn't have a doctor to deliver a baby 303: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 they might send for this woman. # 303: uh-huh they call her a land lady uh ma- grandma grandmama. Interviewer: okay um okay uh you said if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has the same shape nose and everything you'd say that he 303: #1 inherited from his father. # Interviewer: #2 okay # oh would you use a term like resembles or takes after? {NS} his father? 303: {D: say again} Interviewer: would you say he takes after his father or 303: uh he takes them takes that after his father. Interviewer: okay uh suppose he has the same mannerisms the same behavior that his father had how would you say that? 303: why he he {D: his future} happens to is just like his father and doing things. Interviewer: mm-hmm okay um and if a child was misbehaving you'd tell him oh if you do that again you're gonna get a 303: smacking. Interviewer: huh? 303: smacking. Interviewer: okay any other expressions? 303: a whooping. Interviewer: okay um you say Bob is five inches taller this year you say Bob what a lot in one year? Bob 303: Bob {X} don't know exactly the meaning of that. Interviewer: he's five inches taller than he was last year 303: his father. Interviewer: he's no he's 303: his son. Interviewer: he's taller. 303: oh Interviewer: #1 than he was. you'd say that he has # 303: #2 {X} # grown. Interviewer: okay um okay what words are there for a a child that's born to a woman that's not married? 303: {X} it's uh out law or he's a {D: illegitimate} Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: child. Interviewer: any other? 303: oh it's- it's a {NS} #1 no I don't know but two questions # Interviewer: #2 what about bastard? # 303: bastard that's right Interviewer: #1 people use that word? # 303: #2 yeah # Yeah they use that sometimes. Interviewer: what about any sort of joking words for that? have you ever heard of woods colt or 303: oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X}? # 303: #2 uh # uh uh woods woods colt. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and that's as far as I know. Interviewer: okay okay talking about the word loving you could say Jay is a loving child but Peggy is even 303: better. Interviewer: okay or using the word loving Peggy is even 303: more loving. Interviewer: okay um your brother's son is called your 303: my brother's son is called my my uncle? Interviewer: yep his son do you have a brother? 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 is he # 303: #2 {X} # son I'd be his uncle I- Interviewer: yeah and he'd be your 303: brother's son. Interviewer: okay if it was a girl it'd be your niece. 303: yeah Interviewer: since it's a boy it's your 303: uh {X} Interviewer: your ne- neph- 303: uh my my n- my niece I reckon {X} Interviewer: okay that'd be a girl though. 303: oh yeah. yeah {NS} Interviewer: what about neph- 303: oh oh he's a nephew. Interviewer: okay and a child that's lost both his parents is called a {NS} 303: {X} Interviewer: a child that both parents are dead 303: oh it's it's uh uh I know it but I I can't pronounce it {NS} it's a Interviewer: just what did you call it 303: that's what I'm trying to think I I can't pronounce that {X} {NS} Interviewer: what about the word or- 303: huh? Interviewer: orphan. 303: oh orphan. Interviewer: what's that? 303: did you just say orphan? Interviewer: uh-huh do you ever hear that word? 303: no Interviewer: okay um someone whose parents are dead um they have a person appointed to look after them and that'd be called their legal 303: they'd call a {D: menace} Interviewer: okay or the legal guar- 303: uh guard. Interviewer: huh? 303: uh uh they {D: guardian}. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 okay # um and if a woman gave a party and invited all the people that are related to her you'd say that she asked all her 303: friends. Interviewer: okay but all the people that are related to her. 303: uh folks. Interviewer: okay. um you say well she has the same family name that I do she does look a little bit like me but actually we're no 303: kin at all. Interviewer: okay and somebody who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before would be called a? 303: stranger. Interviewer: okay what if he came from a different country? 303: do uh he'd be called a foreigner. Interviewer: okay and um now these are some names um the name of of the mother of Jesus. 303: mother of Jesus his father uh f- fathers uh oh I can't think of it. Interviewer: yeah um the name of Jesus's mother. starts with an M. 303: m- uh m- uh Interviewer: and what was that name? 303: m- mother? {X} {NS} Interviewer: what about um w- wh- what are some girls names starting with an M 303: well Mary. Interviewer: okay um and what about George Washington's wife? do you know what her name was? 303: Martha. Interviewer: okay and this is a nickname for Helen starts with an N 303: uh starts with N? Interviewer: yeah have you ever heard the song wait 'til the sun shines? 303: Nelly. Interviewer: #1 okay um # 303: #2 {X} # Interviewer: and a nickname for a little boy named William? 303: um William. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: his nickname would be William wouldn't it? Interviewer: okay what about a male goat what's that called? 303: a male goat's called a buck Interviewer: okay any other name what about Bi- 303: uh-huh Interviewer: Bil- 303: uh {D: they call I know what people them call} Interviewer: okay you might have the name Bill #1 you might call # 303: #2 Billy # Interviewer: huh? 303: Billy? Interviewer: okay um and the first book in the New Testament. 303: first book. Interviewer: mm-hmm the gospel. the first of the four gospels? goes something Mark Luke and John 303: well it'd be {NS} uh uh Mark uh no Interviewer: Mat- 303: um I can't get it. Interviewer: Matt is short for 303: Matt. Interviewer: uh okay something Mark Luke and John starts with an M 303: Martha? Interviewer: no Math- 303: ma- mathus. Interviewer: okay um a woman who conducts school is called a... 303: a school teacher. Interviewer: okay any old-fashioned words for that? 303: mm yes uh {NS} {D: assistant} no that's a man. Interviewer: what about school suffix school man or school {X} 303: {NS} school {NS} {NS} {X}. Interviewer: {NS} yeah okay this is a um a family name. it was a name of a barrel maker. 303: barrel maker. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: well {D: damn} I'm locked up on that I can't get a thing. {NS} Interviewer: have you ever heard the last name of Cooper or Cooper have you ever heard that? 303: I've heard some of that some of that Cooper but Cooper uh {NS} Can't think I can answer that. Interviewer: okay if you had a woman that was married who had that last name how would you call her she'd be? {NS} 303: she'd be uh {X} explain that. Interviewer: so I mean okay you would her husband would be called mister 303: miss called misses. Interviewer: and what's that last name again? 303: misses. Interviewer: yeah and her last name and 303: {NS} uh Interviewer: #1 Cooper or Cooper # 303: #2 Cooper Cooper # Interviewer: okay so how did you call her then? 303: call her name. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: misses Mrs. Cooper {D: or anything} Interviewer: okay um and a preacher that's not very well trained doesn't have a regular pulpit and uh sorta preaches here and there ya know and um isn't very good really uh how what might you call him? 303: a jack leg. Interviewer: okay do you use that other word for other things like when you talk about a jackleg teacher? 303: {NW} Interviewer: or jackleg governor 303: y- yeah? {D; heard} that expression. Interviewer: what about mechanic? 303: mechanic? Interviewer: uh-huh 303: well you talking about uh mechanic in a uh filling the stations? Interviewer: uh-huh would you talk about a jackleg mechanic? 303: yeah a jackleg mechanic. Interviewer: you ever heard of shade? 303: you ever heared what? Interviewer: shade tree? 303: yes ma'am shade shade tree. Interviewer: what does that mean? 303: uh exactly I couldn't tell you Interviewer: okay um what relation to my mother's sister be to me? 303: mother's sister. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: your mother's Interviewer: yeah my mother's sister 303: it's be uh aunt wouldn't it? Interviewer: what's that? 303: aunt? Interviewer: okay um did you ever hear that word said a little bit differently? did you ever hear aunt? 303: aunt. Interviewer: who says it that way ? {NS} auntie. 303: {X} Interviewer: is that how you call your aunt? 303: my aunt your aunt {X} wherever it may be. {NS} Interviewer: do you have any aunts? 303: mm no I don't have no aunts living. Interviewer: when they were living what what did you call them? 303: {NS} I called aunt {D: nanny}. Interviewer: mm-hmm okay now the name of the wife of Abraham. 303: hmm I know it but I can't I can't think {NW} say what it is Interviewer: #1 but I # 303: #2 yeah # {D: I hear it called} but I I can't call it in my mind now. Interviewer: um Sally is a nickname for 303: for Interviewer: starts with an S Sa- 303: {X} Interviewer: what's that? 303: uh Interviewer: Sarah or 303: Sarah Interviewer: have you heard that name? 303: I've heard it yes I've Interviewer: okay what what was that again? 303: Sarah Interviewer: okay um {NS} okay if um the name Bill is short for 303: for a man Interviewer: yeah it's short for what what the full name? Will 303: Will Interviewer: okay Will is short for what? What would be the person's full name? not Will but 303: {NW} Will Bill uh {NS} Interviewer: what about Will William? 303: Will William? Interviewer: what about William did 303: {NW} uh well I now that'd be Will William. Interviewer: okay um if your father had a brother named William you'd call him 303: uncle William Interviewer: okay and um the last book in the of the four gospels it goes Matthew Mark Luke and 303: John? Interviewer: okay and if your father had a brother by that name you'd call him {NS} 303: uncle John. Interviewer: okay and the highest rank in the army is 303: lieutenant Interviewer: mm-kay higher than that. 303: general. Interviewer: okay um and person who introduced Kentucky fried chicken. 303: introduced it. Interviewer: yeah somebody Sanders cor- 303: wasn't it {D: mindy pearl}? Interviewer: no you're thinking of someone someone else a man {NS} what's another title in the army? you could have general or 303: {NS} {D: sergeant} Interviewer: okay what else? 303: um Interviewer: #1 what about cor- # 303: #2 lieu- # huh? Interviewer: cor- 303: colonel. Interviewer: okay and um the man in charge of a ship is called 303: {NW} is called charge of what? Interviewer: a ship 303: uh I couldn't tell you. Interviewer: what about cap- 303: oh Interviewer: cap- 303: #1 cap- # Interviewer: #2 cap- # 303: captain? Interviewer: okay uh did you ever hear that word did you ever hear that word used to white people? 303: used used for white people. Interviewer: yeah 303: yes I've heard it Interviewer: who who would say that if I heard that lingo? 303: well uh like some people move into town and they say that's some white people moved in town today. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: a neighbor a new neighbor Interviewer: okay I'm talking about the word captain though. 303: huh? Interviewer: I'm talking about the word captain 303: captain. Interviewer: captain 303: #1 captain # Interviewer: #2 cap # 303: captain uh uh I can't think that far. Interviewer: okay um the man who presides over the county court is called a {NS} 303: th- the mayor Interviewer: okay or um okay but the one who's over the court would be the county 303: judge. Interviewer: okay and someone who goes to school is called a {NS} 303: someone who goes to school is called what? Interviewer: is called what yeah 303: a schoolgirl a schoolboy. Interviewer: okay what about say if you go to college then you'd call it a college 303: {NS} uh that's a little Interviewer: a college stu- 303: student. Interviewer: okay um and a woman who works in in an office and takes care of the male and does the typing and so forth is called a 303: uh uh I know it I know it but I can't speak it. Interviewer: yeah you know you might see her sitting in a desk in the office and 303: she's the office girl. Interviewer: okay or the sec- sec- 303: uh the secretary. Interviewer: okay and a man on a stage would be an actor a woman would be an what? {NS} 303: she would be uh {D: have to pull that out} I can't. Interviewer: okay a man would be an actor. a woman would be a 303: a {D: servant} Interviewer: okay or an act- 303: oh actress. Interviewer: okay um if you're born in the United States then you're a what? 303: um American. Interviewer: okay um okay and um okay we talked earlier about words for colored people words for white people you know words for 303: mm-hmm Interviewer: like um okay can can you tell me what words you have like according to how dark or how light your skin is? 303: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 and # words that you don't like or words that are just joking so forth 303: well it's uh black. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: uh or yellow Interviewer: what's yellow? 303: uh {X} uh he's black. {NS} Interviewer: what's yellow? 303: what's yellow? Interviewer: uh-huh you used that word talking about colored people. 303: {X} {NS} {NW} {X} {D: Atlanta} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: that's uh a girl {D: a yelling} she's a girl you can't {D: put her out there and dress her up} you can't stand and tell whether she white or black or brown skin or or yellow. Interviewer: uh-huh okay um you use the word dark before what does that mean? is that an old-fashioned word or? 303: yeah yea- yeah that's a an old-fashioned word uh dark or uh colored people. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: uh black people. Interviewer: uh-huh do you like that word black? 303: yeah I like it. {NW} {D: try it and you're going} Interviewer: uh-huh 303: black but uh some use why of course there ain't no color red red people that's a red indian. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: alright now the dark the creek indian {NS} is a dark indian and the creek indian and there's another there's white indian. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 303: #2 and the red indian # {D: you got the priest high and looked at my life all heart of it} Interviewer: oh yeah they are beautiful. 303: and the black indian {D: puts his arm and little kin up} the black indian. the dark indian. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: and uh but they ain't much different uh they both they're all indian Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: but just different types of indians. Interviewer: yeah what words do you have for types of white people? 303: what word? Interviewer: mm-hmm like white people that okay mentioned already peckerwood is an insulting word to use. what other words did colored people use for white people? 303: they use uh {D: aunt} and and mister and {D: aunt and other aunt} uh in old times they used master. #1 master. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 303: and misses master and misses. Interviewer: uh-huh 303: they call all white people dark master old master and old misses Interviewer: mm-hmm what about words to insult white people? 303: well you'd called them a peckerwood and such. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and you'd call 'em there's another word uh poor trash. Interviewer: mm-hmm 303: and you're in something mighty quick Interviewer: yeah 303: and there's another word you can call 'em {X} {D: it be to you pretty quick} I forgot now what it is. {X} there's three three different words you can call 'em you got a fight on your hand um and uh {NS} but I can't recall it pale Interviewer: #1 what # 303: #2 pale face # Interviewer: pale face? 303: you call a white person pale face and they'll knock you down. colored people well now {D: he'll lie on side} say that and get by with it but still he don't like it because a- at least {X} the own person calls him his own color and the colored person didn't have to start it and so. {D: I never I never} did start it and I never will. Interviewer: okay um any other words for how about people who live out in the country? #1 or they live in the mountains # 303: #2 well # they call hillbillies. Interviewer: okay 303: they didn't they colored person calls him that he he won't bother no Interviewer: call him what? 303: They would call him hillbilly {D: he he regretted that} Interviewer: yeah any other words like that? 303: uh a mountain {D: hill jerk} Interviewer: {X} 303: yeah someone you don't like that too much. and he don't like it {X} 303: Brown skin or high yellow or high brown {NS} {X} {C: tape silence} He don't want you to call him that. Interviewer: He doesn't want you to call him what? 303: {D: mulatto} {C: tape noise} That's the color. {C: tape noise} color {X} And then they call him that. {D: The dark} {X} And white people didn't call {C: tape noise} A white nigger. {NW} A white nigger. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: You've heard that. High high yellow? 303: High yellow. Or high brown. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: Uh they call me {C: tape noise} what they call me. {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} washed you {X} {X} they call them for an extra name shine. Interviewer: Shine. 303: Shine. {NS} Interviewer: Who calls them that? 303: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 White people # or black people? 303: No that's black people. Interviewer: I mean that- black people call black people that or 303: No the- the- the {C: tape noise} black people call one another shine Interviewer: #1 {D: Sometimes} # 303: #2 {D: sometimes} # And I know white people calls them shine. Hey shine. Yeah, come here. {X} He's alright with that. He {C: tape noise} do what he wants to do. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape noise} 303: No. He- he {X} It don't fit to call him {X} {C: tape noise} He's uh on the negro side uh if he's black or brown or {X} {NS} Uh he goes in the negro class. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: Negro. {X} You know nigga but {C: tape noise} that's the short. {C: tape noise} the right name is negro. Interviewer: Yeah. 303: -ro. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Um {NS} if you use the word common about a person is that good or bad? {C: tape noise} 303: Common. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say the person is common. {C: tape noise} 303: Well {C: tape noise} no that's alright. That's {C: tape noise} pretty good {C: tape noise} for him if he's common. {C: tape noise} pretty good. {NS} Interviewer: What if you say that a girl is common? Does that mean anything different? 303: No. No. Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: tape noise} And uh do you ever hear the word oh Do you ever hear the word honky? Or hunky? 303: Honky? Yeah. I- yeah. Honky. {D: or honky} {C: tape noise} {NS} That means to oh uh word that somebody give you. Uh if somebody's called a honky. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} They call white people that? Or black people? Or what? {NS} 303: Well I hear white people call one another honky but I never did no negro. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape noise} 303: White people sometimes use it but I don't {C: tape noise} hear the nigger and negro uh whatever his name is {C: tape noise} {X} I've traveled in five different states. When I was a young man I never heard of that {NS} up until now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 303: I never. {X} {NS} Interviewer: Where- where did you travel? {NS} 303: Huh? Interviewer: Where did you travel? {C: tape noise} 303: {X} Illinois. {C: tape noise} Kentucky. {C: tape noise} Maryland. And uh {C: tape noise} {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay say it wasn't quite midnight and someone asked you what time it is. You'd say Oh it isn't quite midnight yet but it's 303: {X} five minutes to midnight. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: You say this Say you go outside and it's {C: tape noise} real icy and slippery. You say uh it's really hard to walk out there. Um {C: tape noise} I kept my balance you know but {C: tape noise} but I like {C: tape noise} a couple a' times I like 303: to fell. {C: tape noise} {X} to fall. {C: tape noise} Like to fall. I like to {C: tape noise} Interviewer: And say someone's waiting for you to get ready {C: tape noise} y'all could go somewhere. And they call out to you and ask you if you'll 303: You're ready. Interviewer: Yeah. And you say well I'll be with you in in 303: five minutes. Interviewer: Or in ju- just- {C: tape noise} 303: Uh {C: tape noise} just {C: tape noise} Interviewer: You say just you know one minute. I'll be with you in 303: in just w- one minute or five. Whatever it is. Interviewer: Okay now say you're going toward Nashville. And you know you're on the right road but you're not sure of the distance. You'd ask somebody how 303: How {X} is it in to Nashville? Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to know how many times say that I drove into Watertown You might ask me how {NS} 303: Going to town to {C: tape noise} get some groceries. I'll have my car fixed or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you want to know how many times. You'd ask someone how {C: tape noise} what do you go into town? How {C: tape noise} 303: How many times. Interviewer: Or how o- 303: I'd go to town about twice a week. {NS} Interviewer: Say if if you're given a choice of two things um {C: tape noise} and someone asks you know. Which one do you want? And you say Oh it doesn't make any difference to me. Just give me 303: uh just give me the the first thing you had {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Or just give me one. Just give me 303: {X} Give me one. Interviewer: Just give me {NS} What one. Just give me 303: Give me the one on the right. Interviewer: Okay. Um Or say um {NS} Okay um 303: {NW} Interviewer: Pointing out parts of your body now. This part of my head 303: Mm. Interviewer: is called my {NS} forehead. 303: or either my {NS} Uh some would call it {X} my forehead. Or either my skull. Interviewer: Okay and this is my {NS} 303: What? Interviewer: This is 303: my hair. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a {C: tape noise} 303: Whiskers. Interviewer: Okay or you'd call that a Say if you hadn't shaved in a couple of days you'd say you must be growing a 303: mustache. Interviewer: Or a 303: Or a Interviewer: a be- 303: {X} a beard. Interviewer: Okay and this is my {C: tape noise} 303: Ear. Interviewer: Which one? 303: Left. Interviewer: Huh? 303: My left ear. Interviewer: And this is my 303: right. Interviewer: My what? 303: Right ear. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And this is my 303: mouth. Interviewer: And this is my {NS} 303: throat. {NS} Interviewer: Or the whole thing is the 303: neck. Interviewer: Okay. What does the word goozle mean? 303: Huh? Interviewer: The word goozle? 303: Yes ma'am. {C: tape noise} It's right here. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: That thing that sticks out? 303: Uh-huh. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay what- what did you call that? {NS} 303: Uh goozle. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NS} 303: Swallow. {X} Y- You swallow. Interviewer: Okay. Um and these are my {C: tape noise} 303: teeth. Interviewer: And this would be one 303: one teeth out or something. Interviewer: Okay this um 303: {X} teeth. Interviewer: Okay. You s- Say you go to the dentist and the dentist says he has to fill that 303: that {NS} fill that plug. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Or {C: tape noise} This is my front {NS} 303: front front teeth. {NS} Two two front teeth. I forgot what they're called. Interviewer: Um but you'd call one of them just one of them would be called {C: tape noise} one {C: tape noise} 303: one tooth. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Um and the flesh around your teeth. {NS} 303: Huh? {C: tape noise} Interviewer: flesh around your teeth? 303: It would be gum. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. And this part of my hand? {C: tape noise} 303: Palm of my hand. Interviewer: Okay. And this is a {C: tape noise} 303: My my fist. Interviewer: {X} two? 303: Two {C: tape noise} uh my right and left. Interviewer: Okay these are two 303: two fists. Interviewer: Okay. And the place where the bones come together. You call that a 303: joint. Interviewer: And on a man {C: background noise} on a man this part of his body would be called a 303: breast. Interviewer: Uh would you say that about a man? {C: tape noise} 303: Breast. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} Um is there another word for that? {NS} 303: Chest. Interviewer: Okay um And {C: tape noise} these are my 303: shoulder. Interviewer: Okay. And this is one 303: joint. Interviewer: Or one 303: Or one hand. Interviewer: And two? 303: Uh two hands. Interviewer: Okay. And this is my 303: uh leg. Interviewer: And this is my 303: feet. Foot. Interviewer: Okay and two would be 303: two feet. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um and this bone right here that's real sensitive. {C: tape noise} 303: {X} {C: background noise} Interviewer: Okay but this bone here. 303: That's the main part of the bone {X} Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever call it shins {C: tape noise} 303: Shank bone. Interviewer: Shank bone? 303: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um if I got down like this you'd say that I {C: tape noise} 303: Uh Interviewer: How do you call that? 303: Uh {C: tape noise} I can't {C: tape noise} uh sit down in a stoop. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 303: And uh uh I know it but I can't talk. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Okay or you say you're down on your {NS} 303: Hunker? Interviewer: Okay. Um say somebody's been sick for a while and he's up and about now {C: tape noise} but he still looks a bit {C: tape noise} 303: bit under the weather. Interviewer: Okay. Or would you use another {C: tape noise} expression for that? 303: Or he's {C: tape noise} doing a lot better. Interviewer: Okay. Um Someone who could lift heavy weights that has been oh real healthy and so forth you'd say that he's 303: A giant. Interviewer: Okay but someone who is um you say he's big and 303: and heavy {NS} and big and stout. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Um {C: tape noise} Would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? {C: tape noise} 303: {C: background noise} Interviewer: Talking about butter that was turning bad. 303: Oh. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Someone's knocking on your door. {NS} on your back door. 303: {X} {C:someone comes in} This lady is ta- is {X} taking old records {C: tape noise} uh from all the people Uh she's a school girl {NS} and she {X} and uh she- she asks you a lotta questions and see if you can answer 'em. I'm answering about {X} aux: From back in your 303: Back in my young days before I come through {X} And uh my daddy was born and my grandpa {C: tape noise} my second grandpa. {X} {C: tape noise} two for {X} aux: {X} 303: {D: I couldn't help it} Of course they skipped over that. If I couldn't tell you And that's what she {X} Just {X} She says this it's for her I don't have now no money or nothing. Just {X} She is going to school. It helps her more than it does me although I'm just sitting here telling what she asked me. aux: Well the uh let me excuse my interruption but let me say one thing. 303: Yeah. aux: That uh back in your days and in mine down to present time {X} {X} 303: Some other thing. aux: {X} You know what we're drifting to now and we don't understand? 303: No. aux: Like what she's getting now 303: Mm. aux: And you would {X} what you would think. {C: tape noise} I'll put it this way. {NS} 303: {NW} aux: What we don't have in this country what we used to have 303: #1 Mm-hmm. # aux: #2 {X} # you know we used to could go out on these places they don't go and cut some fine timber and build homes. 303: That's right. aux: They see it's done gone now. 303: #1 Uh # aux: #2 {D: See what I mean? # 303: Yeah. aux: {X} that people today 303: Uh-huh. aux: Would back in the times I've just now spoke about cutting the timber and build buildings in this country they don't have now they used to have. Cuz I remember when you coulda {X} You could find it. You don't find 303: #1 {X} # aux: #2 it today. # {X} 303: Mm-hmm. aux: {X} And uh understand we get good people #1 {X} # 303: #2 yeah that's right. # aux: {X} {X} 303: That's right. aux: And uh 303: {NW} aux: {X} drove on up. Drove on up down to the {X} {C: tape noise} 303: That's right. aux: {X} {D: The water uphill now} and it get a lotta drift and it drift down and if the water get backed up it gonna run over someone. {X} 303: I see. {C: tape noise} aux: That uh starting place uh {X} {X} 303: Yeah. aux: But as time moves on {X} {C: tape noise} 303: #1 And the whole thing # aux: #2 Well they going # thing started with these good things come from. 303: {X} aux: They come from {X} You see what I mean? 303: Yes. aux: They started from {X} {C: tape noise} that people {X} They going this a way and we hoping they go the right way but then you get a bunch a' birds {X} 303: That's right. aux: {X} {NS} That's what the ladies looking for now. I talked to a lady when I {X} And she get off her time. You know they have different shifts? 303: Yeah. aux: {X} miss Smith that I'm gonna talk with you. I told {X} 303: {NW} aux: {D: seventy years} {C: tape noise} and they just growing 303: {X} aux: {X} 303: Yeah. aux: {D: I could tell her some things} {X} {C: tape noise} {X} 303: Mm-hmm. aux: And so we should- I am proud of the young people 303: That's taking it aux: that's taking up the {X} {C: tape noise} what we started and {D: what- what we headed to now} {C: tape noise} We need to find them them {X} 303: That's right. {C: tape noise} aux: {X} save lives. After the operations I've had 303: Yeah. aux: I know years ago they couldn't {X} {C: background noise} time to {X} {C: tape noise} That's what we're proud of {C: tape noise} It's already done and spent the time {C: tape noise} {D: for some just- I'll put it this way. Just ain't themselves.} You say oh you tell me something. {X} as when you told me you're gonna do that and then time's run out and you hadn't done it {X} 303: Yeah. I see. aux: See what I mean? 303: Yeah I see. aux: {X} 303: I see what you mean. {C: tape noise} pretty good aux: {C: background noise} generations 303: Mm. aux: {X} You know what the good book says. 303: Yeah. aux: You grow old I mean {X} 303: {X} aux: {X} 303: Yes sir. aux: {D: See we don't come to that point.} {X} 303: Yes. aux: {X} the young ladies {X} tell you things that {C: tape noise} back in {X} back in my days and your days {X} {C: tape noise} 303: have the opportunity to- to qualify {X} or anything else aux: {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} You know what's happening lately? 303: Mm-mm. aux: {C: tape noise} But God almighty put us on this planet 303: Mm. aux: He didn't put us {X} {C: tape noise} how else they could come to that conclusion {X} it's going {C: background noise} {X} But you know what he said? He said {X} {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} and then go up {X} and do these things and still maybe come back alive. 303: Mm. aux: But some a' these days you know {X} 303: Yeah. I see what you mean. {C: tape noise} aux: {X} 303: Mm. aux: out of {X} {C: tape noise} 303: Yeah I guess he did. aux: But he {X} You see he's so good. The lord is so good and kind. {X} woman or man. Either one {X} get on the right side and come over here. {C: tape noise} 303: That's right. aux: {X} {C: tape noise} 303: Yeah well {X} {X} aux: {NW} 303: {X} aux: {NW} 303: {X} {X} {C: tape noise} aux: No I didn't {X} I'll come down {C: tape noise} five gallons of 303: #1 gas # aux: #2 gas # and poured it into tractor tank {X} but I pulled out {C: tape noise} 303: {X} Well you've certainly done that aux: {X} {C: tape noise} 303: How many operations you had? aux: Three. {X} 303: Mm. {C: tape noise} aux: {X} I've asked the lord {X} {C: tape noise} and guide me in the way he should have me to go. 303: Mm. aux: {X} 303: Uh-huh. aux: {X} If you got your faith in the almighty and then he will speak to your conscience. Your conscience always guides you anyhow. 303: It guides you. That's aux: #1 Your # 303: #2 right. # aux: conscience. It guides you. {X} It guides you. {NS} And you can start down a road {X} Well I'm gonna do something wrong but that old conscience gonna {X} like you know you ain't doing right. 303: Yeah. aux: {X} {X} ain't no good thing gonna come to you. {C: background noise} 303: That's right. aux: Trying to get you {X} {C: tape noise} {X} 303: Come aux: You come out there {X} {C: tape noise} {X} 303: That's right. aux: {C: tape noise} 303: That's right. {C: tape noise} aux: {X} 303: Mm-hmm. aux: The thing that I'm trying to do in an honest way 303: Mm. aux: {X} {NS} The lord I ask you to make me able 303: Yeah. aux: do these things 303: Yeah. aux: and I ain't doing nothing {X} 303: Yeah. aux: do these things. Then uh {C: background noise} {X} get out here and just say I'm gonna do something mean just {X} do the thing I don't go {D: in that direction} 303: {X} aux: {X} {X} and I'm not gonna just become {C: tape noise} cuz I'm not myself. {C: tape noise} I belong to the master. 303: Mm-hmm. aux: Cuz he wanna pick me up {C: tape noise} ball of clay 303: Mm-hmm. aux: and blow breath in me {C: background noise} they walk around thinking control yourself {X} so long. 303: That's right. aux: But you belong to God. 303: Mm-hmm. {X} Obey his order. aux: That's what I say. You belong to him. 303: Yeah. aux: You don't even have no control {C: tape noise} {X} 303: {X} what do you mean next time you're doing that trap thing aux: No I didn't {X} By the time I did start it uh you know {C: tape noise} 303: yeah but that's all right {X} but don't you ride that thing Well aux: Don't let me interfere {X} {C: tape noise} {X} 303: {D: I don't notice} {X} {C: tape noise} aux: {D: know for myself} {C: tape noise} {X} just keep on 303: Mm. aux: trusting {X} always the same come your way {X} 303: Mm. aux: {X} {C: background noise} do something or say something to somebody else and have all these good things come to you {X} {C: tape noise} He's able to do that. 303: He's able to do it. {X} {C: background noise} {C: tape noise} aux: I can't think of the name now {X} {X} {NS} {D: Michigan} {NS} {X} My home town. I was raised there. 303: Yeah. {X} aux: Yeah. I had 'em {X} 303: Mm. aux: {X} {C: tape noise} most of 'em {X} 303: Mm-hmm. aux: {X} {C: background noise} 303: Oh I see. aux: {C: tape noise} 303: I wanted to ask you this too. Uh {X} When you got to go back to doctor {X} aux: {X} I'm going back to {C: tape noise} 303: {X} aux: {X} I shoulda went back {C: tape noise} this coming friday but uh I put 'em off. {C: tape noise} {X} 303: Mm. aux: And I just what I wanna do I wanna {X} when I go back or I might have to go back {X} not have to go every week. 303: I see. aux: You know {X} I've asked him. I said doctor what about {D: me just} {X} 303: Mm. {NS} aux: Two weeks he said be just fine. 303: Mm-hmm. aux: And I'm gonna give myself time you know. 303: I see. aux: Yeah. 303: See what you mean. aux: Get well. 303: Yeah. {D: You wanna be in better shape} if you can. Uh let's see aux: So {X} our hay need to be cut 303: Yeah. aux: {X} need to be done. 303: {X} uh uh {X} too aux: Oh lordy you can say that again. 303: Yeah it's gonna be people gonna have a hard time {C: background noise} {X} in this country. {X} {C: tape noise} aux: And I'm gonna tell you another thing {X} {C: tape noise} And you {X} {C: tape noise} And you know that good book says {C: tape noise} 303: {X} aux: {X} 303: {X} aux: {X} 303: Mm. {C: tape noise} aux: Did you know {X} 303: #1 Yeah. # aux: #2 You know why we call 'em that? # 303: No. aux: Cuz that man is up yonder. He {X} {X} {C: tape noise} forget it cuz if you do {X} 303: Mm. aux: {X} people down here are you know {C: background noise} 303: Yeah. aux: But I said {X} {D: done mean things over night and every day} 303: Yeah. aux: {X} 303: {X} aux: You'll come along some time and {X} 303: Yeah. {X} aux: {X} You hit me and I'll hit you back. {X} You can't fight power with power. 303: No. {NS} No That's right. aux: {X} You got to have something {X} {C: tape noise} You hit me and I hit you back. We ain't doing no good. 303: No. aux: {X} {C: tape noise} {X} I've seen two women get up fighting {X} {C: tape noise} 303: {X} aux: You got to have 'em 303: Got to have something {C: tape noise} aux: If you let somebody come along {C: tape noise} {X} 303: Mm. aux: {D: If you were around at that time I said you might could tell me something {C: tape noise} and uh {NS} {C: tape noise} that you want to be uh {C: tape noise} {D: be a corn maker} {X} 303: Yeah. aux: {X} sitting on side of the bed and I was sitting on the big rocking chair 303: Mm. aux: And she said well {D: says uh} {C: background noise} {C: tape noise} {X} my mama could {D: tell her for me} 303: Yeah {X} aux: {X} {C: background noise} {X} {C: tape noise} {X} 303: Yeah. {X} aux: {X} {C: tape noise} and so {X} someday you'll go ahead and learn {X} 303: Yeah. Yeah. aux: You know most our people {X} for one reason. They don't {X} long enough. {C: background noise} cuz that {X} {C: background noise} {X} and that knot's untied {C: background noise} {C: tape noise} {X} {D: do a whole lotta shopping} 303: {X} aux: Before you do and I said don't let {X} {C: background noise} marry him. I say he won't be a husband. He just {X} just a {X} 303: Yeah. aux: {C: tape noise} {X} Alright. {X} sixteen or seventeen eighteen nineteen year olds 303: That's right. aux: Well alright if you don't mind. 303: Mm-hmm. aux: {X} too young. 303: Yeah. That's right. {X} aux: what it means to you. {X} years ago when I was young {C: tape noise} so and so {X} {D: well you do like it very much} He likes you very much. {C: tape noise} 303: {X} aux: {X} {D: go ahead and run} maybe {X} where you get into 303: Yeah. aux: on down to {X} look at a rose bush and you see some {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} {X} let you dance with some other man. He gonna let some other man dance with you. {X} {C: tape noise} There you go. {X} {C: tape noise} You didn't mean no harm {C: tape noise} {X} 303: Yes sir. aux: {D: There you go again} 303: Trouble. In Trouble. That's right. aux: And I told {X} my mother and father you know working with me so hard {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} 303: That's right. aux: {X} took him anyhow. 303: That's right. {C: tape noise} aux: {X} {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} have a home. You have a beautiful home. {X} {C: tape noise} {X} 303: {X} aux: #1 {X} # 303: #2 {X} # sixteen to seventeen. aux: {X} 303: Yeah. They gonna wait that {C: tape noise} aux: {X} 303: When you're in your truck. aux: Mm. {NS} 303: Uh {X} hard to drive when aux: #1 No. # 303: #2 {X} # aux: {X} operating I had I couldn't drive {X} last operation {C: background noise} {X} 303: {X} aux: And don't try to get into no big rush. 303: {D: I see.} Just take it easy aux: {X} {C: tape noise} 303: Well aux: I just thought I'd stop by and hello say hello to you. 303: Yeah well I'm glad you stopped. {C: tape noise} aux: Well tell this young lady {X} she's a young lady {X} 303: Mm. aux: All the things you could tell {X} cuz Say they can {X} she can concentrate on that you know. 303: Yeah. aux: Separate these things one from another and get a lot out that means a lot. Like a lady told me on {X} 303: Mm. aux: that uh what I had told {X} 303: Mm. aux: {X} Said I'll always keep that in mind {X} your friends {X} another thing what we can't do. {C: tape noise} {X} above he's able to {X} Now sometime I have seen {X} 303: Yeah. aux: {X} going on that a way but it go on down to someplace {X} already been talking to your boyfriend {D: and maybe get a hold of it} {X} 303: Yes sir. aux: I've seen that happen {X} {NW} {X} {X} cuz you're always running the bakery 303: Yeah. aux: {X} {C: background noise} {X} 303: Yeah. aux: And just keep- always keep praying 303: Yeah. aux: {X} {C: tape noise} always open up the ways {X} he'll have him come right back. And like I said when that {X} 303: {X} aux: {X} 303: {X} aux: {C: tape noise} And when you're when he puts you {C: tape noise} 303: {D: then you're together} aux: ain't no one- your mama your daddy {X} ain't gonna separate it. 303: Mm. aux: Cuz when he joins you together that's a fact. {C: background noise} {C: tape noise} {X} {NS} 303: {X} aux: together that's a fact. {C: tape noise} 303: That's right. {C: tape noise} aux: Without that I'm gonna tell you {C: tape noise} {X} in life. {D: There'll always be some conflict.} 303: Mm-hmm. aux: Or if you let god join you 303: Now aux: Your mama can't separate. Your daddy can't. 303: That's aux: Your sisters and brothers won't be no separation. Or friend or who. 303: Uh-huh. aux: When God joins you together that's when I said {X} {X} 303: Now. aux: {X} {C: tape noise} Yeah before you say I will. 303: Now. {X} {C: tape noise} aux: I know what I'm saying cuz I done seen it happen {X} what's happened to me. 303: Yeah. {C: tape noise} aux: If I didn't know what done happened and what will happen 303: Mm-hmm. aux: Oh I could tell you some things. 303: Well Chris I wanna ask this before you leave. {C: tape noise} I hear it other day that uh that bottom field down there {C: tape noise} your wife wouldn't let you s- wouldn't sign it unless you sell. aux: Well no she don't wanna. {X} dispose of it and uh 303: Well why? {C: tape noise} wouldn't it be better for you to let it go and aux: #1 {X} # 303: #2 {X} # aux: {X} 303: Mm. aux: at uh {C: tape noise} value to me. Not the {X} And now a' course I {X} other parts up there {X} corn or- or {X} 303: Yeah. aux: It- it {X} 303: See I just heared that so I wanna ask you {X} aux: {X} 303: {X} aux: {X} to sell it. 303: Oh. aux: And uh {X} {C: tape noise} 303: Well {X} aux: {D: time to} 303: Here's what I saw Why buy that while you're having so much trouble {X} {NS} all at once. And you wouldn't think about this coming on. {C: tape noise} I sold it it'd be {X} aux: #1 Well # 303: #2 That's what I think. # aux: I guess I guess it- I'll tell you what he told {X} 303: Mm-hmm. {NS} aux: is uh {C: tape noise} go down you can {X} {C: tape noise} {X} {C: background noise} {X} But now the- you know we've got too many people {C: tape noise} and those {X} {D: our population} is growing {X} at the- it takes a whole lot {X} I gotta lotta grandkids 303: Yeah. aux: And I've got children. 303: Yeah. aux: And you don't ever know {X} population is growing so spread out and everywhere you go down the highway {D: and in town} {X} and somebody got {X} {C: tape noise} 303: Well just so you know what that I prophesize Um uh {C: tape noise} back then when I was kinda the youngun and now I'm kinda the old old man. and I prophesized and the old men do prophesize and lots of them thinks that I'm dumb There'll be a time come that we can't get gas. {C: background noise} aux: It's a- it's about here now. 303: What? aux: It's- it's just about that {C: tape noise} in- in Nashville cost you a dollar a gallon now {C: tape noise} {X} ain't gonna be able to get gas. {C: tape noise} Now. {C: tape noise} Now. Cuz {X} {C: tape noise} 303: I heared that. {C: tape noise} that they doing it now Well when they allow {X} aux: foot what god gave you to walk on. 303: Oh Lord {C: tape noise} aux: {X} {C: tape noise} I'm gonna have to {X} living too fast. 303: Yeah. aux: Living their life too fast. 303: That's right. aux: You can go ahead and {X} you go ahead {X} {D: town out at night} 303: Yeah. aux: And since all these things {X} down yonder {X} running. Lotta running {C: tape noise} nothing just riding over town {X} And they just say I'm gonna live it up {X} there over yonder {C: tape noise} play it out. 303: Yeah. aux: You know we were letting it play out {C: tape noise} 303: Well {X} ain't they making as much gas as they ever was. {X} uh gas {C: tape noise} aux: {X} for a company. 303: Yeah. aux: So much of these oil fields {X} 303: talking about aux: {X} And I said the people kinda take over. {C: tape noise} {X} outta here. 303: Mm. aux: {X} {C: tape noise} drop in the bucket. {X} these people {X} and got these {D: big station} in place of gas {X} {C: tape noise} {X} 303: Yeah. aux: That's one of the problems {X} 303: Yeah. aux: {X} 303: Well I remember once {C: tape noise} that eh you had to have {C: background noise} Well I reckon {C: tape noise} aux: it might do it but {X} {C: tape noise} 303: {X} {C: tape noise} Oh I see. aux: {X} 303: Oh I see what you mean. aux: {X} last friday. 303: {X} aux: {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} coming back and forth to work and that's the way you got to make your living today. 303: Yeah. Well now {X} by them people with so many doing that {C: tape noise} what will they do if they they can't get no gas bout their job {C: tape noise} aux: {X} just like they water it down and {X} 303: Oh yeah. aux: Uh {X} {D: well they'll be fixed} all these people {X} just like you go down here and get some food stamps they don't know about what you're what you have done and how much you make before you {D: get there on food stamp day.} 303: Yeah. aux: {X} well I ain't doing nothing {X} {C: tape noise} {X} maybe enough gas to go to church on. And if you ain't got a {X} make your- on your living going to your work well you won't get no {C: tape noise} {X} 303: Mm. aux: Cuz I can't figure it all out {X} 303: No. aux: And I've got too much time I get to getting myself up yonder I don't have much time to look in on somebody else's trouble. 303: That's right. aux: Cuz I ain't able to help nobody. All I'm able to help {X} 303: Mm. aux: Just able to {X} but I'm too weak to help anybody. 303: That's right. aux: Cuz time might get to y- helping myself my hands are both full. 303: Mm. aux: #1 {X} # 303: #2 Right. # aux: {X} {C: background noise} seek him cuz he's able and I'm not. 303: Mm that's right. Ooh that's something. {NS} {C: tape noise} aux: {X} 303: Mm. {NS} aux: I laid down in the hospital three long weeks. 303: Good night. aux: There was a young lady. A man had his neck broke. He come {X} {C: tape noise} 303: Mm. aux: {X} There are six beds in a no four beds in a room where I was at {X} had a second operation. 303: Uh-huh. {C: tape noise} aux: And this little boy {X} about this high and a little girl little bit {C: tape noise} 303: Mm. aux: {X} she had one and there's four of 'em. And there's two girls and two boys but two of 'em the one the boy was married and the girl was married. 303: Mm. aux: And uh this man {C: background noise} {C: tape noise} 303: Mm. aux: And my bed made it four beds in that room. 303: Mm. aux: And {X} cuz I couldn't get up and walk {C: tape noise} and uh {NS} He come up right and talk with me. He had a {X} had a collar on his neck where he got his neck broke. {C: background noise} {X} say yes sir. That's my son 303: Mm. aux: and my daughter. They did come in to see me. 303: Mm. aux: I said well I said it's nice looking people. 303: Sure. aux: I said they're beautiful. 303: Mm. aux: And uh said I've got {X} couple down here 303: Mm. aux: And uh says uh living at him with him. {NS} And uh they come down. They still {X} daughter would've married the son {X} {C: tape noise} I guess the little girl and the little boy went on a date 303: Mm. aux: and they come in there {X} 303: Mm. aux: {X} 303: Mm. aux: Said is this miss smith? I say {X} throw it in the waste basket 303: Mm. aux: He said {X} I said well {X} I guess I don't know enough. 303: Yes sir. aux: And uh he shook hands with {X} little girl. 303: Mm. aux: And they went back sat down so 303: Mm-hmm. aux: {X} and I see a lady standing in the door down there 303: Mm. aux: when that first couple come up {C: background noise} 303: Mm-hmm. aux: Then uh {X} he come up uh and sat down {X} miss smith said do you see that woman standing out there on that thing looking head on {X} {C: tape noise} had on these green looking trousers. 303: Mm. aux: {X} what she had on. 303: #1 Yeah. # aux: #2 But I know # {X} 303: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # aux: #2 {X} # And uh I see him point down {X} {D: says that is my wife.} 303: Mm-hmm. aux: I said 303: {X} aux: {X} says I ain't. Say it used to be my wife. {X} 303: #1 Yeah. # aux: #2 That's the # wife a' these children {C: pronunciation} 303: Oh I see aux: And I said well I said excuse me I said I didn't know that. 303: Mm. aux: Said what's happened? I said if {X} doing some things you did {X} well I said no 303: Mm. aux: {X} {NS} And I said how come you still ain't a preacher? 303: Mm-hmm. aux: Said he just got off. I said now listen I said you know God don't give you nothing {X} you can give a somebody something and you get mad. Want him to give it back to you. 303: Yeah. aux: I said if you ever been the lord's servant. Accept him as your savior I said now you still {X} those away cuz he gonna give you things and take it away from you. 303: {X} aux: I say he's too kind to do that. {X} I say he's still that same God. 303: Yeah. aux: {X} {C: background noise} {X} {C: tape noise} 303: Mm. aux: {X} and a twenty year old boy. 303: Mm-hmm. aux: And he had a daughter. That daughter and son were {X} the daughter was {X} 303: Mm-hmm. aux: And uh I said they're beautiful. {X} {C: tape noise} 312: I've got one of these machines and I have been afraid to {NW} to use it. I don't know. {C: laughing} I've a little nervous about it. Interviewer: Is it a Sony like that? 312: It's a Sony. It's not as large as that but it is a Sony. Interviewer: Is it the two reels or 312: Yes. Interviewer: a cassette 312: a cassette it's a cassette Interviewer: Oh th-those are so much easier than these 312: It's a cassette. Interviewer: We have to thread these 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and they're rough. 312: Uh I got it when my husband was ill {X} that he had um been in the first world war and we wanted t- uh hi- have his reminiscences and I'd been trying to get him to write it and he wouldn't He just didn't do it and so we had that he had him put it on tape {D: and I so I} got it on I thought it was a friend loaned to us which he said was a tape recorder and it turned out to be a dictating machine. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 312: #2 # Interviewer: #1 What's the difference between the {X} # 312: #2 # #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: I don't know exactly. It's the same principle. But we tried to get that put on tapes in the dictating machine {C: Tape noise} and we had difficulty in trying to get anybody to do it. {C: Tape noise} I went to all these places around Nashville and nobody could do it. {C: Tape noise} So then uh {C: Tape noise} My next door neighbor that's Jack Dewitt who's the official in i- what W-S-M #1 television radio place # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 312: So he said give it to me I'll have it. So they did it for me. Interviewer: Oh how nice. 312: And then I had trouble getting it that was on regular big tapes you see. Then I had trouble getting it put onto from that onto a Sony. I finally found somebody could do that. Interviewer: That's good {C: laughing} 312: I had a lot of trouble getting it done {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay. Did you have anybody write it down too? 312: #1 Yes I did. # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 312: #1 I had that done. # Interviewer: #2 ah # That's interesting. 312: And it was quite interesting. And he had done some work he was {X} professor at medical school for twenty-eight years at Vanderbilt. {C: Tape noise} And he had done some work there on this uh {C: Tape noise} um how do you call this um thing lung thing that they found at Vanderbilt. It's i- similar to uh T-B. T-B. Interviewer: Oh a lung disease 312: It's um oh my goodness {C: whispering} that {X} {NW} Interviewer: I'm not much help. 312: {NW} And he he saw he did some work recent work in that so he did he did {C: Tape noise} uh tape that too. Interviewer: I can't think of what that's called. 312: Oh I've got it {C: whispering} {X} {C: whispering} Interviewer: That's good. 312: {X} {C: laughing} Interviewer: {C: repeats previous part of recording. "Did you have anybody write it down? Yes I did"} 312: I've got all my family history in these things {X} grandchildren so {NW} {C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Oh {NS} 312: {X} {NS} {NW} {NW} {NS} That is strange. {X} the wrong {X} {NS} Interviewer: You said he was a teacher at Vanderbilt too? 312: he taught in the medical school. {NS} strange {D: Why does it feel} Then my brother in law was at the Rockefeller institute. I don't know what Oh I know where that is I loaned it to somebody. Interviewer: Oh {NW} 312: I got another copy in my granddaughter's {X} Something about my brother in law {NS} he had He was the one that discovered {NS} this D-N-A which is the Interviewer: He discovered D-N-A? 312: Yes he did. Interviewer: What's his name again? 312: Oswell T Avery. #1 And he discovered it. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes. # 312: But he did not get the recognition that he should have gotten on it. Because uh the uh the uh Interviewer: {NW} 312: histoplasmosis. Interviewer: What's it 312: Histoplasmosis. #1 That is this lung thing that looks like T-B. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I don't know # 312: And they discovered here at Vanderbilt that it was something else Interviewer: And had to be treated in a different 312: {X} Interviewer: Oh {NW} 312: Well my brother in law was uh at Rockefeller institute S-S-A for thirty-five years. And he was in- instrumental in early in discovering a way to determine what pneumonia his was field was pneumonia. And discovered that pneumonia could be treated quickly.{C: Tape noise} Find out what it was very quickly.{C: Tape noise} He discovered the the methods #1 um # Interviewer: #2 # 312: #1 discovering very quickly # Interviewer: #2 um # 312: what type it was so that they could treat it. And he did that but then after he retired from Rockefeller they- he stayed on there for five years. They gave him a laboratory and and helpers and everything and he discovers D-N-A.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Oh okay. {X} 312: And in about the seven {C: Tape noise} eight years ago {C: Tape noise} he died in fifty-five and about seven eight years ago they knew all {X} and um medical uh scientific journal came out with a uh interview with the man who discovered who uh uh was instrumental in well did give the scientific prizes the Nobel Interviewer: Oh oh. 312: And he said that they had made many mistakes but the greatest mistake they had ever made was not giving it to {C: Tape noise} O-T Avery when he discovered it. They didn't{C: Tape noise} realize at the time what it was that he had discovered you see.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: #1 Oh didn't realize it {X} # 312: #2 and he died before # they came to that realization Interviewer: #1 Oh how about that. # 312: #2 {NW} Isn't that dreadful. # And the other day I heard a program on T-V on uh oh I- os-{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: And discussing whether they were {X} or not or with an I-Q test {X} {C: Tape noise} and they brought up this man Watson who has been he had an uh Nobel on D-N-A. #1 See from # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 312: what they {C: Tape noise} based on my brother in law's work you see. And he uh {D: well} it said he was the co-discoverer of D-N-A. {C: Tape noise} Interviewer: The co-discoverer. 312: #1 But he got the credit # Interviewer: #2 Did he even know your brother in law? # 312: I don't know whether he did or not but he's been married to a woman many years younger but uh but it's just too bad cuz he didn't care.{C: Tape noise} It wouldn't made any difference to him {D: at all}. {C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Yeah. 312: But uh we {X} just died didn't uh get the recognition that he {X} couldn't give it to him because he died before they found out about it {NS: laughing} #1 you see. No evidently not. # Interviewer: #2 They don't ever award those uh postmortem # Oh that's a shame. 312: So that's uh but that's {X} thing that I his- uh histoplasmosis we got him to he was instrumental in discovering that that had been found and the kind of thing that it was.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Histoplasmosis. And it's like pneumonia symptoms like T-B. 312: Yes T-B. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 312: #2 No uh T-B yes it was T-B. # Quite similar to T-B.{C: Tape noise} And they found out that it was something different {X} here at Vanderbilt.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Was that pretty recently? 312: Oh it was in the thirties Interviewer: #1 Oh okay. # 312: #2 {X} Not right {X} # Interviewer: I don't know a lot about medicine 312: No it's not it's not very recent.{C: Tape noise} And then doctor uh uh Christy has taken that up. Now he did he's retired now also. But he {D: worked that up} and did a great deal of work on {C: Tape noise} {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now when I hear this again I'll know something about it. 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Thank you. # {NW} Okay now um will you tell me your full name 312: {B} with a C {B} Interviewer: E-R-I that's my favorite way of spelling it. 312: {B} Y Interviewer: Okay. 312: {B} {D: uh it's} Avery. Interviewer: Avery. How do you spell that? 312: A-V Uh {B} Interviewer: And that's your maiden name. 312: That's my maiden name yeah. Interviewer: And is {B} your family name? 312: Yes this is my grandmother up here and that was her name. {B} Interviewer: How beautiful {X} 312: {D: And it was Diane} {X} but her {X} name was {B} That's why I was named for her. Interviewer: Aw that's nice. Okay uh why don't you tell me about your parents and your four grandparents and the descendants 312: My uh Interviewer: countries they have descended from. 312: Well we've lived in Nashville for {D: over} six generations {C: Tape noise} #1 that's where my family has {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Are you serious? six # Off of both sides? 312: Off of um{C: Tape noise} Yes. Interviewer: Oh wow. 312: Yes. And uh my grand my mother and father my mother lived to be ninety-three. My father lived to be eighty-six. And uh they uh lived in Nashville always and my grandmother and grandfather lived here always and my great great gr- great grandfather grandmother {C: laughing} they all {X} about seven generations Interviewer: #1 Oh # 312: #2 {D: lived here} # in this and then behind you is my great great grandmother. Interviewer: Is she her mother? 312: Her grandmother. Interviewer: Her grandmother. 312: Her grandmother. Yes. Interviewer: Oh. 312: That was painted in eighteen forty forty. Interviewer: #1 This one? Eighteen forty? # 312: #2 Yeah. # She was only for- uh fifty-three when she died and that was painted when she was about fifty. Interviewer: She's beautiful. 312: But she's looks like she was much older a person {X} Interviewer: Well her face but her face looks younger than fifty. 312: Yes it does. This is the way they dressed then they they Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: My great grandfather who was her father was uh had a was quite celebrated for a bookstore in Nashville. He had a bookstore back from eighteen bout eighteen thirty. Til after the Civil War. And he it was quite celebrated{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 312: #2 within the {D: Esquire} # And it was not just a bookstore it was sort of a gathering place for the learned men in town. They went there and they discussed political things and other things and it was sort of a a celebrated place. Interviewer: Tell me where the public square 312: Public square is where they uh court house is right on the river. Interviewer: Okay. Mm-hmm. 312: And this uh Interviewer: Is it still is the square still there #1 as big as it was? # 312: #2 {X} # Well it's changed in the last few years. They've torn down so much. You know it's just too bad that they've done that. And it doesn't look as it did. The courthouse is still in the center and it's not the same courthouse that was there originally. They put this one up maybe oh twenty-five years ago or so. But uh the square just recently they've torn down some of it. Very old buildings there that too bad. Interviewer: #1 That's a real shame. They're doing that in Atlanta too. # 312: #2 It's just too bad. # Oh I know it's just a shame that they do that.{C: Tape noise} But his bookstore was on public square. Later there was a transfer station there which was quite interesting. That was the streetcars all went through this transfer station. Interviewer: Oh. 312: And you got off and changed for a nickel you could {X} go anywhere down you know {C: laughing} Get off at the transfer station get on another car and go {D: here there and yonder} And that was the same place that's the bookstore. But uh he was quite interesting character this grandfather. He was known as a union man during the Civil War cuz he didn't believe that the union should be dissolved. Interviewer: Oh. 312: There were a good many people in Nashville #1 that felt that way yes. # Interviewer: #2 There were? # Was he unpopular? 312: Well yes in a I think they were all uh rather unpopular though he stuck to his guns and kept his views alway- though he had a son who went into confederate army and died in there while he was in service. He was twenty-one. And uh well he stuck to his guns all the way through and they said there were some that did back in {X} {D: union were in} you know the confederates they would be for them you know that was in power at the time but he he stuck to it and he helped the confederates quite a bit all the time. Interviewer: Oh. 312: But uh he stuck to it. We've always been rather proud of him for doing it. Interviewer: I would be too. 312: #1 {NW} Yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} sticks to his guns even if I don't agree with him. # 312: That's right yeah. But he di- it was not- nothing to do with slavery. It was just simply the his idea that that the union should be preserved. That is the reason for it. {D: So} Interviewer: Can you tell me now uh you've been here for six generations so before that where did your country {X} 312: Well my uh {C: Tape noise} my one set came from North Carolina over Newburn North Carolina. Came there in seventeen hundred. Interviewer: Which set? 312: That was the Bryants. Her husband this from the husband of miss Katherine Barry. Interviewer: And that's on your mother's side? 312: My mother's side. Interviewer: Okay. 312: They came from North Carolina.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: And where did they come to North Carolina from? England or 312: From England.{C: Tape noise} {X} And uh then I have that family all the back to nine ninety in France when they would be R-I-E-N-N-E's. Interviewer: Oh. 312: And uh then uh of {C: Tape noise} the Barrys {C: Tape noise} came here from Maryland. They settled in Maryland. First they came over from England. And I think I- I can't pin point them back exactly but I think they were from Uh Dover. Uh not Dover but down in Dever England. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 312: Well {D: cuz} I have some records that {C: Tape noise} have these people the same Barrys of the same name there that I think they must've been but we lack a generation or two there that we can't pin point. But uh they came from England. They came from Maryland and then they came down here in eighteen fifteen from Maryland and settled in Hickman county Tennessee. A whole group of them came from Maryland at that time and settled down there. Then uh my father's family came from uh Virginia originally. There into Kentucky into Lexington and then down here. Interviewer: And are they both from Where were they from before Virginia? 312: In uh Wales. Interviewer: Wales. 312: Yes. Welsh. Interviewer: Is Avery a Welsh name? 312: Uh Avery is English I think. Or it was originally French. I think they came over with the Normans. Interviewer: Oh. 312: My husband said it was uh A-U-B-R-E-Y in France. Interviewer: Like Aubrey? 312: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Kind of. # #1 Probably not pronounced that way. # 312: #2 In France. # No in France. But uh I think that's it came over with the conqueror. But uh And my he my husband's family his father and mother came from England direct in eighteen seventy-three and settled in Canada. in- at Halifax. His father was a baptist minister. And s- and he was a uh belonged to the episcopal church in England and then he was uh converted to baptist church by Spurgeon who was a very famous evangelist in England at that time. Interviewer: Ah. 312: It was like there were some {X} here {X} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 312: #2 {X} kind of thing. # Well not Billy Sunday but Billy Graham {X} going back too far.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: I've heard of Billy Sunday. {NW} 312: {X} Anyway uh he came over to{C: Tape noise} to Canada to Halifax to found a church in Halifax.{C: Tape noise} And my husband and his brothers were born in Halifax. And then they came to New York. He accepted a call to a church a mission church in the Bowery in New York when my husband was just eighteen months old. Interviewer: Oh. {C: laughing} 312: And we came down there {C: laughing} and uh had this church in the Bowery and uh he died. He worked himself to death I think. Died when my husband was just six years old. Interviewer: Aw. 312: So his mother stayed on as a miss- she was a missionary there too and that's where they lived in New York {X}. And then uh let's see my {X} Interviewer: Now how long how long uh did your husband's parents live in New York? 312: Oh they lived there and his mother died in nineteen ten.{C: Tape noise} And his father died in nineteen hundred and one or two I think. Something like that. Interviewer: So his mother died when he was very young too. 312: Well Interviewer: Twelve? 312: Oh no no he was grown when his mother was he was born eight- eighteen eighty-five. Interviewer: {NW} Oh I see. 312: You see. Interviewer: Okay. 312: And so he was he was grown when his mother died. And uh my husband went to university of Connecticut and was graduate at the university of Connecticut and then received uh a degree from the university of Massachusetts. Uh M-A. And then he got a P-H-D at Vanderbilt and he came down here nineteen twenty-five. He came down here when the Vanderbilt medical school was reorganized and moved where it is now Interviewer: Oh. 312: on the west campus i- it was over in south Nashville before that. Interviewer: Oh. 312: And then it was moved down t- over to the west campus in nineteen twenty-five and reorganized and my husband came down with the doctors who came from New York from he was at Columbia before he came to Nashville. And then they {X} doctors from Columbia. Rockefeller and uh Johns Hopkins came down here to reorganize the medical school. Interviewer: Well they picked good schools 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 to have them reorganize it. # 312: So that's uh when he came here. Interviewer: Okay now tell me about yourself. Um How old are you first of all? 312: I'm- will be eighty-one in September. {C: both laughing} Interviewer: Alright and so that's okay so you're eighty right now. 312: #1 Yeah that's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Eighty-one in September. Okay and tell me about your schooling. 312: Well my schooling I came at a period came along when either girls went to college or not I mean it was just at the period when they were beginning to think about going to college Interviewer: #1 don't you see? # 312: #2 Oh I see yeah mm-hmm # They hadn't done it before. Interviewer: Right. 312: It was just on the verge you you did or didn't. And I didn't. I went to Ward Belmont. I went to Belmont college which was before that was not as it is now. Interviewer: I don't know Belmont college. 312: See Belmont college was a girls school Ward seminary was in Nashville right in the middle of the city. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: It was on eighth avenue and church street right there in the middle of the city. Interviewer: Right downtown. 312: That was a fe- uh girls boarding school. Belmont was out where it is where it wa- where Bel- #1 {X} is now. # Interviewer: #2 {C: Laughing} # Where is that? 312: That's out on se- at the end of sixteenth avenue at the very far end of music city. Interviewer: Okay right. 312: Sixteenth avenue. Well it was an old home. The {X} family had this very beautiful {C: Tape noise} home and the house is still standing and they're restoring it now.{C: Tape noise} Beautiful antebellum{C: Tape noise} mansion there. And two ladies miss {D: Hood} and miss {D: Helen} bought {X} late nineties I think{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: And had a girls school there. Boarding school.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: {X} college age girls then? 312: Well it was no it was called Belmont college {X} it was not a college.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. 312: It was a girls boarding school. Interviewer: For high school age girls? 312: Yes. And and colle- and uh Two year college. Interviewer: I see. 312: And so uh I lived right across the street from the school so I went but with {X} very few boarding students.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: And I went I mean they st- I went there{C: Tape noise} had a great many boarding students from all over the south.{C: Tape noise} And I {X} and I went there.{C: Tape noise} Uh and then then in nineteen thirteen Ward. Miss h-Hood and miss Helen were getting along in years and decided they'd like to get out of the business and so Ward seminary wanted to move out from town so they bought the school you see and began {D: Ward at} Belmont. Interviewer: Oh I see. 312: And it was a very fine school{C: Tape noise} there {X} and then it became quite a{C: Tape noise} uh big day student. They had a great many day students and very fine school {D: uh high} and and two years college. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: But So I went the first year. I finished up the first year of Ward Belmont. And I'd head ba- actually it's equivalent of two years of college #1 but that was that was it. # Interviewer: #2 uh huh, okay # 312: Then I went to art school there for quite a while and and helped assisted in our department for several years. Then I I went into commercial artwork. I did some com- about three years commercial artwork before my marriage. Interviewer: I see. 312: So that's that was mine. Interviewer: Alright did you work any after your marriage? 312: Uh no just no no didn't work any after marriage.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. Will you draw me a picture since you're {C: laughing} commercial artist at one time uh the house that you grew up in? 312: Well Interviewer: Uh just a blueprint a floor plan of the rooms 312: Oh Interviewer: So I can see how big it was. 312: Well it was um my father built this house in nineteen seven up on that uh second door from{C: Tape noise} Ward Belmont up on top of the hill. Interviewer: Is it still there? 312: No it's in the middle of the- uh the sight of it is in the middle of the intersection that they had torn down everything {D: by it} {C: laughing} {D: And I thought alright} {C: laughing} Uh let's see. It had a porch no {X} {D: this porch actually this way} came out here there. Now th- it had a hall. That's where they had then. They didn't have It had an entrance hall. And then the stairway went up here into a side hall. There's a living room here.{C: Tape noise} {X} hall. And uh this was stairway. Interviewer: Show me the front show me the door. 312: This is the door here. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 This is the front door. # Interviewer: Okay. 312: This the porch here. And then that right here is the dining room. And there's a pantry here and we- there's a pantry there and the kitchen here.{C: Tape noise} {X} this hall and there's a door outside{C: Tape noise} there.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Okay will you name those rooms too? 312: This is a dining alright and kitchen. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} 312: And pantry. And uh then upstairs there were four bedrooms. porch out here. {D: Stay away from here.} {C: whispering} And a bath there. You know. It's nineteen hundred and seven. It just had one bath for four bedrooms. And uh there's a hall here. Uh. I don't know exactly {X} {C: whispering} There {X} here {C: whispering} This {D: isn't very} and a stairway there. That's right it's bigger than that but that's fine {C: laughing}. Interviewer: That's close enough. 312: {NW} Uh this was a a closet here. You know you didn't have closets in those days. They didn't build closets. Interviewer: What would they have? 312: They had wardrobes. Interviewer: Oh those pieces of furniture. 312: Yes and so we had a a big closet here between these two rooms. Uh but W- decided they need another bathroom so they made a bath out of that. Interviewer: Oh. 312: And so that eliminated that closet. So when I built my home In nineteen thirty-four woodmont estates it's uh on the other end of woodmont boulevard I decided that I wanted all the closets I could possibly have. Interviewer: {NW} 312: So I had a closet in every crack and corner in that place and I do miss them. I can tell you. Interviewer: I bet. 312: {X} little porch here and steps going down that side there.{C: Tape noise} Had this hallway. Interviewer: So you had two porches upstairs too. 312: I had a- no just one porch. That's a- this is a- oh wait a minute this downstairs that's wrong. Interviewer: Okay. 312: This is the porch is out here on this downstairs.{C: Tape noise} Steps going out here. here a walkway. {X} Interviewer: Okay. So that was the back door. 312: Yeah {D: that's just a} street yes {X} Interviewer: Now this porch that looks #1 hung over the kitchen kinda? # 312: #2 That's a little porch # Uh no it's outside. There was a little porch oh wait there a little porch down here under it. {X} Interviewer: And this one was on top of that? 312: Yeah that's on top of that. {X} Interviewer: I see. 312: Um there are four bedrooms and an enormous attic over the whole thing.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Over the whole thing? 312: Yes. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {X} a nice house. Why don't we just call these bedrooms so nobody'll get confused. Alright now w- were any of these porches screened in? 312: No. No. Interviewer: Okay. They were all just 312: {X} Just this porch is. That is before this got screening in things so much you know Interviewer: Okay um. Uh let me ask you something we've got something in your living room that you burn a fire in and the smoke goes up. What do you call that? 312: A mantel. I mean a fireplace. Interviewer: Okay and did you have one? 312: Yes. Oh yes. Interviewer: And what do you call the thing that uh the smoke goes up? 312: I had one here. Chimney. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Uh there Interviewer: Three. 312: And had one in this room. Didn't have one in th- oh yes we did have one in this room.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: And those two had to keep the other two bedrooms warm? 312: Well they- we had a furnace. Interviewer: Oh you did. 312: Yes it was a furnace. But we had these fireplaces. Because you didn't trust the furnaces. Where I had lived before we didn't have a furnace. And we didn't have electricity. And when we moved up here my father put in electricity but he didn't trust it. Interviewer: {NW} Aw. 312: We had all the {X} fixtures were gas and electricity. Interviewer: Oh. 312: We never used the gas but he didn't trust the electricity so he had the gas just in case you see.{C: Tape noise} And i- it were never used. {X} But but they all the fixtures had the gas things went up electric tric-tric- went down Interviewer: {NW} And you never had to use gas? 312: Never had to use the ga- well we used the gas in the kitchen stove Interviewer: Oh of course. 312: But they didn't use the gas as as lights. But he didn't trust it. {NW} Cuz we hadn't had electricity was young. Interviewer: It was new. 312: #1 {X} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Newfangled. Young. # Alright um when you're building a fire you have one log that's bigger than all the rest of 'em. Do you have a special name for that? 312: That's a yule log. Or that's what you use at Christmas time. Interviewer: Uh-huh but just in general. 312: Oh I don't {X} (X} I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. If you don't have a special word for it 312: I don't have a special name. Interviewer: Alright how about the little pieces of wood that you start the fire? 312: Kindling. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for that? {X} Alright. Uh have you ever heard of light wood? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the uh black stuff that forms inside the chimney? 312: Oh soot? Interviewer: Okay. Now what do you call that piece of furniture that you're {X} 312: Chair.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. What do you call this piece of furniture? 312: {X} Interviewer: Uh let's see I don't think we've talked about this yet. Um There's {X} in here. A piece of furniture usually in the bedroom with drawers in it that 312: Uh chest chest of drawers. #1 Or a bureau it could be. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Alright um} # Okay. You would call it either? 312: I would call it a chest of drawers. Now in the old days they were bureaus. And they had a mirror attached to them.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: That was a bureau but I wouldn't call what I have now{C: Tape noise} a che- a a bureau. I would call it a chest of drawers. Interviewer: Because it doesn't have a mirror? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Um I- what do you call think maybe you've already mentioned this but what do you call all this stuff together that you fill up a house with? 312: Furniture. Interviewer: Okay. Now then um If you have You don't want the light to come into your window and you have something on rollers that you pull down. 312: Shade. Interviewer: Okay. What about the ones that have um I don't know how to describe it. They have slats. 312: Oh uh venetian blind yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Let's see now you've talked about all these. There's a- these are all the rooms in the house. You've talked about most of it. Oh what do you call a lot of old worthless things that you're worth- worthless things that you're about to throw away? 312: {D: uh} stuff {NW} That's what I just got rid of a lot of stuff. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Do you ever call it anything else? # 312: #2 And it's # It's uh I don't know. {D: I try} to remember. But I did get rid of what I've been calling it lately is stuff. Because {C: laughing} And and I got a good deal of money for that stuff. Interviewer: Did you? 312: Yes.{C: laughing} {NW} It's amazing what people will pay for that. {NW} Interviewer: Would you ever call it junk? 312: Yes. Junk is a {NW} name for it. Interviewer: Did you ever I don't think you had one in this house but some people have a room in their house that they use just to put junk in. 312: Oh I didn't have- we had the attic in this #1 that you put the junk in. # Interviewer: #2 okay # Alright have you ever heard of a plunder room? 312: I've heard of it but it's not it's not uh usual in this part of the country. Interviewer: Okay. Where is- I think it's in Alabama isn't it? 312: I don't know but it's not- that's not a Nashville name{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. {X} If you're doing the daily housework you might say you're go around dusting and sweeping 312: Cleaning? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What do you call the thing that you sweep with? 312: A vacuum cleaner.{C: Tape noise} Oh you mean a broom? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright. If the broom is in the corner and the door is open you say the broom is where compared to the door? 312: I don't- I don't understand {X} Interviewer: Okay um say to give you a demonstration 312: {NW} Interviewer: Say the broom is here. 312: Yeah. Interviewer: And you were {X} say it was compared to the door. 312: I've heard of it but{C: Tape noise} {NW} Interviewer: Some of these are hard to explain for me. 312: Oh. Interviewer: Okay. Let's see. {C: whispering} Alright uh Years ago on Monday women usually did their 312: Washing. Interviewer: And then on Tuesday? 312: Ironing. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: And what if you- what might you call the two together? I have to go do 312: Laundry.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: {D: Okay.} 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright if the door is open and you don't want it that way you might say 312: Close it. Close it? Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 312: Oh uh um Clap boards Interviewer: Okay. Um say you were gonna get in your car and go somewhere you would say {X} 312: Drive. Interviewer: Alright. If you got in your car yesterday and went somewhere you? 312: I drove. Interviewer: Alright. 312: {NW} Interviewer: And then you might say well ever since I got my license I have 312: Driven.{C: Tape noise} {NW} Interviewer: There's an example 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright what do you call the part that covers the top of the house? 312: A chi- a roof. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call uh the little things along the edge of the roof that carry the water off? 312: Oh. Gutters. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call a little building out back that's used for storing wood? 312: Lean to? No that would be if you had it attached to the house. Interviewer: Oh is that the difference? Those are attached to the house? 312: Yes the lean to is attached to the house. Um I don't know. A- a woodshed. Interviewer: Okay. How about if it had tools in it? 312: Tool shed. Interviewer: Alright. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Okay uh before people had bathrooms indoors they had 'em outside. 312: Yes. Interviewer: What'd you call those? 312: I- I called them- I don't think they're privies.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: That's one {D: name} Uh Interviewer: Was that a polite name? 312: Uh let me see what were they called? A privy is not the name that I would have called it. That is the name or the accepted name for it. But out {C: Tape noise} {D: Oh dear.} But I don't think we called it a privy. Interviewer: Would you call it an outhouse? 312: Outhouse. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Yes. Interviewer: And did you have any um joking names for it? Any names that maybe weren't so polite? 312: No I don't remember any. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Alright I think I'm gonna go on to the stuff about Nashville now. 312: Alright. Interviewer: We- then we'll go back to the farm maybe tomorrow. Okay. Will you tell me what the major parts of Nashville are. How it's kind of divided up. 312: Well there's uh the main part of Nashville. There's east Nashville. And uh Interviewer: And what kind of a section is that? 312: Well now it was back oh before in the eighties and nineties a very good section. As they say s- now that it was the Belle Meade of Nashville and I don't think that. I don't think it ever was that. Interviewer: Okay. 312: But it was a good very good section of town and then people began to move ba- move over into west side and it uh over out into west end and {x} park. then uh there's south Nashville which is a very poor section. East Nashville is not uh too good now. Interviewer: Okay. Is it has it become integrated? 312: Yes very much so. Interviewer: Oh okay. 312: Yes. And uh south Nashville has always been a poor- well no I take that back. Back in the early days when the university was there university of Nashville Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: was there is was a very good section back in I would say in the sixties eighteen sixties seventies it was very good in south Nashville. That is out if you go down church uh fourth avenue and fifth avenue on #1 {X} beyond broad street out that way is south Nashville. {C: Tape noise} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # I've been there. 312: I know it. Now there uh there precluding a lot in south Nashville as speaking of it that I don't consider south Nashville at all. South Nashville was back out there. It was a very poor section later. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Uh has been for a good many years. West Nashville Now we are included in speaking of it as west Nashville but I don't consider that we're in west Nashville at all. West Nashville to me has always been out over the other side of west end avenue. Way over Interviewer: Past Belle Meade? 312: Past past oh oh yes. Way over that way, You see here's uh west end goes this way you see and over there is was where the penitentiary is on Charlotte avenue you see that was west Nashville to me always. #1 Now they're including us in west Nashville and I do- I resent it. # Interviewer: #2 {C: laughing} # 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 # Okay what kind of an area is west Nashville? 312: Well it's poor. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Poor area. Interviewer: Or the area you consider west Nashville. 312: Well well yeah that I consider west Nashville yes. And it's and that's where this university is out there #1 and it's {x} there you see. # Interviewer: #2 oh # 312: That's uh that's {X} and it isn't too good. But th- the best section is out this way and it takes {X} territory through {NS} excuse me.{C: Tape noise} {NS} Interviewer: There's someone at your door too. Shall I get it? 312: No I'm not. {NW} They're no good {X} I didn't know {X} When it was stuck {X} {X} Alright you do that. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 312: {X} Interviewer: Oh. {C: laughing} Was she trying to open a can or so- 312: Yeah open a a casserole that somebody had given. Interviewer: Oh. 312: It had frozen. Interviewer: Oh is this your kitchen? 312: Yes this is my kitchen. And I Interviewer: How cute. 312: Oh I've been making {D: prince} jelly and that's why all the pots and pans are still there. Interviewer: #1 It's so cute. # 312: #2 Um and it's very different {X} # Interviewer: I know it {X} much counter space. 312: No. I'm doing it for traveler's rest which is a museum {X} run by the colonial dames and we have a fair the first of September {C: Tape noise} in one day and will make a tremendous amount of money. Interviewer: Now who are the colonial dames? 312: That's the national society of colonial dames of America. Interviewer: So like the daughters of the American revolution? 312: Well we consider ourselves {X} {D: beyond} {C: Tape noise} Interviewer: I see. {NW} 312: Well you have to be before the revolution. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 312: #2 You see this comes # You have to have your ancestors had to have some civic office or uh oh uh an officer in the army before July the fourth seventeen seventy-six. Interviewer: Ah ha. {NW} That's- I like that. 312: Anyway we have a house out here off of the franklin road that's a very old place that we have had our museum house and we to raise money to operate the place it takes a good deal of money. It is open to the public. And uh we have this fair one day in the first of September and we raise- astonishingly I have never understood how we do it it's ama- #1 # Interviewer: #2 I see # 312: #1 {X} we took in twenty-seven thousand dollars. # Interviewer: #2 # Wow. {NW} #1 {D: Must be something there.} # 312: #2 And we wait all year # on this and I make a great deal of jelly and pickle for it and I didn't know whether I'd be able to do it. I've just been in this apartment not quite a year and well I would be able to do it this year not I'm making the jelly. I can't make the {X} this year because the pickle is mustard {X} smells too {D: loud} Interviewer: Oh. 312: {NW} be able to do that but I am trying to make the jelly. Interviewer: {NW} That's funny. 312: {NW} Interviewer: You probably smell up the whole hallway. 312: Oh it would be horrible if I did pickle Interviewer: Okay um more neighborhoods. 312: Alright. Interviewer: We've just been {D: talking} 312: Uh let's see. Well you see the best as the years have gone on I remember when I was a child small child uptown was a residential a good part of it was residential {X} just beginning to {D: come} out {C: Tape noise} and uh sixth avenue my uncle and aunt lived and my grandmother ha- they lived in the same house on sixth avenue right uh below the sa- {D: Hunditch} hotel right there on that {X} big old house with columns at the front and then all the very {X} people lived on eighth avenue {C: Tape noise} from church to broad homes. They were all reside- residences in there in the early nineteen hundreds you see. And then it began to gradually move out out west end. Interviewer: I see. 312: Out that way and it gradually and uh {C: Tape noise} First it was all residential then it That- vanderbilt university was built in seventeen in eighteen seventy-five. And it was in the country. Way out in the country you see. And it gradually came out that way and all the residents {NW}{C: Tape noise} residential got to be the most important residentials all along that street and it just gradually came out and out and out until it got out into Belle Meade which is the residential {X}.{C: Tape noise} {X} now you see.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Is it the {X} 312: Yes. Interviewer: #1 What about uh # 312: #2 {X} on into {D: Chickaree} and {D: Rould} and on out into there over Belle Meade goes on out you see. # Interviewer: What about up by the lake where the country music {X} 312: Well that's uh {C: Tape noise} uh a great many of these people that live in Belle Meade have- has co- cottages have summer places out there. #1 Some of them do who that are # Interviewer: #2 Oh! # 312: interested in water sports and that sort of thing or have boats you see. On the river. On the uh lake. Interviewer: I see. 312: And uh it but west end and all this section out here in Belle Meade is really the best section{C: Tape noise} and Hillsborough and {X} it's all a good section of town. Interviewer: Okay. Alright alright now are those the- all the sections you can think of? 312: #1 Yes. Yes that's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. Where are the main offices of the biggest banks located? 312: Oh downtown uh on on uh {X} national bank is on union street which is the financial street of Nashville.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Okay that's {X} {NW} 312: And then of course the other banks all clustered around. Interviewer: And how about the oldest and largest stores? 312: Well {D: ken sloane} is is {X} and {D: casternaut} are on church street downtown. They have branches out. They are the largest and oldest stores{C: Tape noise} here. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {X} came in later but uh they are the oldest. Interviewer: Alright with that uh the financial district and the stores 312: #1 are right th- down {X} yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} {D: would you say} # 312: Right there in- in the center of the city.{C: Tape noise} And the and the uh uh the insurance companies {D: national} life and L-N-C{C: Tape noise} tower they're all right in the center of the city. Interviewer: Okay. And church street that is the main street. 312: #1 That is the main street. # Interviewer: #2 That's like the peachtree street of atlanta isn't it? # 312: Yes it was spring street originally Interviewer: #1 Was it? # 312: #2 {X} # {D: Replaced it} because there was a spring down where the the the uh first uh settlement {X} {D: Nashborough} was right at the base of on the river uh at church street. and it was called spring street but then all the churches began to build on that street Interviewer: #1 so they called it church street. # Interviewer: #2 {C: laughing} # Makes sense. {NW} When when did that change {X}? 312: Uh well {NW} I'm of sixth generation of the first presbyter- was the first presbyterian church is is now the downtown presbyterian church which we had a split in nineteen fifty-five and they went out to {D: grantling} road and built a mansion church out there. And uh we stayed downtown. But that was built in eighteen fourteen originally. Interviewer: #1 The first presbyterian # 312: #2 Uh the first # Uh i- yeah it was was the first church in {x} the downtown presbyterian church.{C: Tape noise} The first building was built in eighteen fourteen and then uh that burned in eighteen thirty-two and then that building burned in eighteen forty-eight and the one that's there now was built in after in eighteen forty-eight to fifty-one. Interviewer: Well that's still a very {X} 312: It's a very old building and it's a very{C: Tape noise} it's very uh historic and um interesting{C: Tape noise} architecturally because it is in the Egyptian style of architecture.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Is it? 312: #1 Yes it is. You must see it. # Interviewer: #2 I'll have to go see it. # Where is it on church 312: It's right on the corner of fifth and church. It's a great bi- you can't #1 miss it. # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 312: It's a great big building with two tall big towers. It's most interesting. Interviewer: I'm presbyterian myself. 312: Are you? Well my daughter goes to the central presbyterian. Interviewer: Oo yeah. That's too far downtown for me. #1 We have a neighborhood church. # 312: #2 Well she went first at um # a church in Decatur. {C: Tape noise} the uh north Decatur Interviewer: That's my church. 312: Is it? Well she was there.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: {NW} 312: And then she went- she moved over. She went to another uh new northern presbyterian church out there that was just beginning. I've forgotten it's saint saint something. And uh But she I don't know. They didn't like that somehow and they decided to go to the central. So they went to central. Interviewer: Have you seen central? 312: #1 Yes I I've been there. It's right down in the middle of town yeah. # Interviewer: #2 It's right downtown. # have you seen the north Decatur one too? 312: Uh not rece- yes I have. Interviewer: It looks like a 312: Oh yes. {X} when she was there. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh we talked about the neighborhoods once 312: Yes. Interviewer: but are there any neighborhoods that are- particularly identified with certain nationality? Maybe a Greek neighborhood or a Jewish neighborhood or Uh 312: Mm Interviewer: Spanish? 312: No I don't think so.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. 312: I don't believe so. It used to be way back {X} back in in uh north Nashville there was a German settlement. That was there early though and the- before the Civil War and some Germans came and they settled there down in that section. I think th- I read recently there's a church down there catholic church that was uh built at that time. Interviewer: Oh. 312: Still operating. Interviewer: Does it still have services in German? 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Oh okay. But are there descendants still in that area? 312: There's still some that are still around. I don't know whether they're all in that area. There may be some but{C: Tape noise} there's still s- descendants in Nashville. Interviewer: I notice a lot of German names just going through the phone book. 312: Germans but there's not they're not segregated into one place. Interviewer: Oh no I I just thought maybe 312: And the Jews are just mixed around. Interviewer: Okay. Then- but there are black neighborhoods. 312: Oh yes. Interviewer: Okay. Now are there names for these neighborhoods that outsiders like myself wouldn't recognize? Do you have any 312: Well cuz there's green hill. That's on hillsborough road. That is a new fairly new I moved there in thirty-four and it was just beginning. It wasn't green hills then but it was came in later just after that in the forties I should say. That's an uh an area. Interviewer: A black area? 312: #1 No no it's not a black no that's a good area. # Interviewer: #2 Oh oh I'm sorry. # 312: But uh no I don't know of any uh except in south Nashville and north Nashville{C: Tape noise} are the black areas. Interviewer: Okay. 312: And out in is becoming west Nashville. And they've built it into over into Belmont and into the music city area. The blacks have have come over there. Interviewer: Okay. Um {X} we talked about {X} Alright can you talk to thank you Can you talk to me about uh some of the local landmarks. Now I know about Opryland and music road 312: Yes. Interviewer: What are some other 312: #1 Well well there's centennial park # Interviewer: #2 {X} parks and {X} # Yeah. 312: And it's that was the centen- see centen- {D: as there.} In eighteen seventy-six. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was that- tell me 312: I mean eighteen ninety-seven. {D:I'm getting} mixed up Interviewer: Oh it's not eighteen seventy-six? 312: No eighteen ninety-seven. Interviewer: Oh for Tennessee. 312: Tennessee. For Tennessee.{C: Tape noise} It should have been ninety six but they couldn't get it ready for ninety six.{C: Tape noise} {NW} But that was the centennial park. Interviewer: Now is the ce- is centennial park ever called by anything any other names? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. 312: They they uh see they had all the buildings there. It was quite a big thing. And uh then afterward they tore down most of the buildings except the Parthenon which they kept. And then that was a rather temporary building course for the centennial.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then it stayed there until in the thirties when they made it a permanent thing. Thirty {X} thirty-four thirty-five in there they built it {X} concrete and they {x} building of it{C: Tape noise} It's pretty. I saw it yesterday. #1 Very nice # 312: #2 Uh # Well let's see. There's uh {X}{C: Tape noise} there was the hermitage. It's outside of Nashville.{C: Tape noise} Twelve miles out. {X} Jackson {X}{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: If I get a chance 312: I'm on the board there. I've been on that board for thirty-five thirty years or so. I don't know how long. {C: laughing} And uh {C: laughing} that's uh twelve miles from Nashville Interviewer: Okay. 312: That's very worthwhile. And then they we have also the home of Andrew Jackson's secretary and nephew who is across the road which is {x} That's a very beautiful home too. That's connected with the hermitage. And and traveler's rest is this museum house that um speaking of a while ago it's very interesting. That's out off the franklin road. Interviewer: Did it used to be an inn? 312: #1 No it was not. It was a very very # Interviewer: #2 {X} Oh. # 312: very uh important national family the Elberton family which was a very very one of the very fine old families here. And they say that travelers used to come and they'd take them in and they just got to be called traveler's rest and some man came and stayed was to stay over night and lived there 'til he died. Interviewer: {NW} 312: But it's uh it's just a family home. It was a family home. Interviewer: That's interesting. Alright um if you were flying home from New York say Where would you say you land? 312: At the airport. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Now uh you call it the airport. So do I but what's it's name? 312: Uh Oh dear. What is its name? {D: Bearfield} Interviewer: Okay. Does anybody ever refer to it as {X} 312: Not not really {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Just the airport. 312: Yes.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Alright if you were driving in from out of state on one of those real big roads. What are those called? 312: Uh interstate. Interviewer: Okay. Say you were coming in from Atlanta or from Chattanooga. 312: I'd come on the interstate uh {D: which} is that twenty-four. Interviewer: Okay. Do you- would you normally call it by a number? 312: No I wouldn't. Interviewer: You'd just say that 312: It's just interstate. Interviewer: Alright. Uh where might you stop along the interstate? To rest or 312: Oh at uh the uh Now what do they call those places? Interviewer: They have picnic grounds. 312: I know. {NW} There's {D: one first} before you get into Chattanooga.{C: Tape noise} Uh rest stop? {X} Interviewer: If that's what you call it. 312: #1 Well there's uh there's uh # Interviewer: #2 That's what I call it. # 312: Another name for those that have houses.{C: Tape noise} Uh What do you call it? Rest areas? I guess that that's it. Interviewer: Those that have houses? 312: I mean the- with uh rest rooms. Interviewer: #1 Oh oh yeah. # 312: #2 That's uh {X} you see. # Interviewer: And those are different from rest stops? 312: There's a little bit different name for them. I can't recall right now. Interviewer: I don't know either. 312: But it's uh just a rest area. I'm not sure. It may be just the same. Interviewer: Okay. Well do you call it the same? 312: #1 I guess I {X} # Interviewer: #2 {C: laughing} # Okay. {NW} What do you call the thing that's painted down the road to help you stay in your lane? 312: Oh. Interviewer: Down the middle of the road. 312: {D: oh uh} Line? Yellow line? Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh when you wanna get off one of those interstates 312: Uh exit.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you have- alright that's uh a limited access road because you know {X} 312: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 # Are there any other kinds of limited access roads especially those that go through the city? 312: Yes there's uh uh Now what do they call this? They just they haven't gotten it finished here. Uh. Now the one in {D: Atlanta} I know is is{C: Tape noise} two twenty eight. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Oh two eighty-three? 312: Two eighty-five yes. {C: laughing} Uh um let's see what do they call inter- inter loop I believe they're going to call this one at Nashville. Interviewer: The inter loop? 312: Inter loop {X} it's going to be called. It's not finished.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. We call ours the perimeter. 312: I know. That's Interviewer: In Washington they call it the beltway. 312: Oh yes they Interviewer: So everybody's different name. 312: yeah the perimeter's in Atlanta. I remember that. I get on that and go one stop and get off to go to {D: Martha's} Interviewer: That's right. That would {X} I'm getting homesick. {NW} Okay uh We talked about the main streets. Alright uh if you Alright a- a place in the road where you have to stop and wait for the train to go across. What's that called? 312: Um. Oh dear. {C: very softly} Railroad crossing. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: How about if it went over you and just- it didn't need to stop. It just 312: Uh that would be a uh overpass. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it a viaduct? 312: Yes. The viaduct we have one and that is a viaduct{C: Tape noise} over broad street over the used to be the railroad tracks at union station in front of the union station. #1 That is a viaduct. # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # 312: We have two. We have the west end #1 uh broad street viaduct and the church street viaduct. # Interviewer: #2 {C: laughing} # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # I guess I went over the broad street one. 312: Ah you went over the broad street one. And the next one over is church street and that's the church street viaduct. Interviewer: Well what's the difference then between a viaduct and a 312: Well I think it it in my mind a viaduct is a much larger thing than- than a just a overpass of a railroad track. That- this went over a great many tracks you see. Interviewer: Right. It sure did. {NW} I though we were going over a {X} Okay if you were going to park say you're parking downtown and the cars are against the the curb like this and you have to you know come in. 312: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Get yourself in there. What's that called? What kind of parking is that? 312: Um. Parking? {X} I'd just park. That's all. Oh uh uh Wait a minute. {X} What'd you call it? {D: very softly} {D: I don't know} It's {X} Interviewer: Would you call it parallel parking? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} I couldn't think of it. {C: laughing} Interviewer: I like to yeah. Okay. 312: Parallel parking. {C: Tape noise} Interviewer: What would you call the kind of parking where you uh find a parking lot and it's like that? Does that have a special name? And you just pull yourself into one of these? 312: I don't uh #1 I don't use a special name for it. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. How about if it's you're you're going to- the parking places are like this against the side of i- against the curb. 312: Diagonal. Interviewer: Okay. Okay fine. Now what do you call those uh little things about this high that fire hoses are plugged into? 312: Oh oh a- a fire hydrant. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Where are some places to park downtown? I know there are not very many. 312: Parking garages and parking lots. Interviewer: Alright. And what is a parking garage? Is it just one story or 312: Oh no it's uh it's several stories yes.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: #1 Okay. Would you ever call that a # 312: #2 Multiple stories. # Interviewer: a parking ramp? 312: Well they that's what most of 'em are now.{C: Tape noise} They- you have to park your own in most of these downtown now. Interviewer: Oh so a ramp is where you park your own? 312: Ramp. Yeah you go- goes round and round #1 and round. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 # {D: It's scary.} 312: Yes they are. Interviewer: A parking garage is where an attendant does it? 312: Well that's what used to be but now they've all converted into the other kind you see. Interviewer: And they still charge you just as much. 312: {X} charge is just the same. Yes. {C: laughing} {NW} And they're frightening. I don't like to go into #1 I don't want to go into one alone anyway. # Interviewer: #2 You can't see {X} # Oh. 312: It's it's dangerous. Interviewer: Yeah. I've heard that. Okay what do you call what is a general word for the tallest buildings in the city? 312: Skyscraper. {C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. What are the tallest buildings in this city? 312: Well at the present moment we have uh the Hyatt uh regency hotel is one of the tallest and newest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: And uh the ni- the national life and accidents insurance company is one and the L-N-C {C: Tape noise} the- life and casualty insurance company is another very large one and the American national bank has just gotten to be one of the{C: Tape noise} the latest one. It used to be the {D: Storman} building was the highest but that has been topped {X}{C: Tape noise} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh Among these really tall buildings well any buildings that are close together there are little tiny streets that go between. 312: Yes they're very narrow streets.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: What are they called? 312: {X} Interviewer: That you can't even drive on sometimes. 312: Oh. Alleys. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Now supposing there were uh an area in the city where buildings were torn down but nothing's been built up yet and it's just empty there betwe- maybe between two really tall buildings. 312: Uh lots? Interviewer: Alright. Uh would you ever call it a vacant lot? 312: Yeah vacant lot. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the place where you might get a drink of water in a public building? 312: Uh fountain. Interviewer: Okay. {C: very softly} Would you call it a drinking fountain or a water fountain? 312: Yeah drinking fountain. Either one I- I don't know which I would{C: Tape noise} I'd say drinking fountain.{C: Tape noise} {NW} Interviewer: Um let's see. What do you call a small car a very small car with just a place for two people to sit just a front s- 312: A {D: two} coupe Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the old ones from the thirties and forties that had outside seats in the back? 312: Oh rumble seats.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Uh do you have any names for uh two door sedans or four door sedans? To distinguish 'em from each other? 312: Uh No. Interviewer: Just two? 312: Just two and four are the only thing I know Interviewer: Do you know any any expressions for really big cars? Not their names like cadillacs or anything but maybe slang expressions or 312: No I don't. Interviewer: Okay. General {X} terms. Alright how about the car that uh a woman with eight kids'll have one of these cars. 312: Oh uh station wagon yeah.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: {NW} Uh how about a small delivery truck what's open in back? 312: Um Oh wait a minute I know that {X} What is that um pickup truck. Interviewer: Right. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright do you know the name for the one that's covered? With maybe a couple little windows in the sides? Electricians use 'em and exterminators. 312: Van. Interviewer: Okay. What might you take to the airport instead of a cab? Something that the airport provides 312: Oh uh uh{C: Tape noise} airport limousine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright what uh is the public transportation here? 312: Uh bus. {NS} Interviewer: And you call it a bus? You don't ever call it the M-T-A? 312: No. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call in the car where the speedometer and all the th- the dials are? 312: The d- dash. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the little place over for the passenger with the {X} on it? 312: No {C: very softly} Glove compartment. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. What do you call wish I had one 312: {NW} Interviewer: It's a thing that uh you might wrap around several maps to keep them together. You might put it around all these things. 312: An elastic? Uh Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it a rubber band too? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {X} either one. Interviewer: How about- I do have one of these. Where's my notebook? Well I thought I did. A little metal 312: #1 Oh uh # Interviewer: #2 thing # that you keep papers together with as well? 312: You mean a uh paper clip? Interviewer: Yes. {NW} 312: There's one right there.{C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Oh I put it down okay. {NW} 312: Paper clip. {NW} Interviewer: Alright where do y- what do you call the place where you might keep your spare tru- spare tire. Excuse me. 312: The trunk. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call the thing that you push down with your foot to make the car go faster? 312: Accelerator. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call the thing um in a car that you have to do this with 312: Oh.{C: Tape noise} Interviewer: to change the gears? 312: Oh um {X} I haven't had one of those in so long. Interviewer: They're hard to use. 312: Yeah. {X} I wouldn't have one again. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} 312: Oh ye- gear shift. Interviewer: Alright. Now in a okay. And what do you call the kind of car that that doesn't need 312: Oh uh automatic. Interviewer: Okay. I think uh we're about to run out of tape here. Take a break. {C: Tape noise} Interviewer: Are you working? Yes. {NW} 312: Good. {NW} Interviewer: I expect it to answer me and say yes I'm working. 312: {NW} Interviewer: This is a nice rocking chair too. 312: #1 Mm-hmm it's very comfortable. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: It's just sort of fits your back Interviewer: {X} 312: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 312: {NW} Interviewer: How do you like it? What style is that? 312: Uh it's a Victorian. Interviewer: Is it? 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of uh German style called biedermeier? 312: #1 No I haven't. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: No. Interviewer: It's heavy Victorian furniture. I just learned abou- I was in Vienna. 312: #1 No I don't know that. # Interviewer: #2 In the springtime and # We learned about that. {D: I can't} there's nothing here that really resembles it except that chair kinda. 312: Mm. Interviewer: Except biedermeier would be a bigger chair. 312: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Uh they might have these in this drive way around your apartments. I can't remember but they come up out of the road and they make you slow down? 312: Uh I don't know what they're called. Interviewer: Okay. But you know about 312: I know what {X} in the parking places over th- in the uh green hills area and uh but I don't know what they're called. Interviewer: Speed bracers or 312: Yes I imagine so but i've never heard them called. I just roll over 'em. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Oh yeah {C: laughing} You learn about 'em the hard way. 312: Uh yeah. Interviewer: Alright what do you call one of those uh trucks well over here they're yellow that- and th- men use 'em to put out fires. 312: Oh oh uh fire engine. Interviewer: Okay. Now can you tell me any different types of fire engines? 312: No I don't know of any others Interviewer: Okay. Some have pumps 312: Well they uh they uh uh oh dear Some of the big ones with the uh ladders. Hook and ladder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Hook and ladder.{C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright if someone had a heart attack just out in the middle of the street or something and the fire department sent a vehicle what would that be called? 312: It would be a- I see 'em on television all the time. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 312: Uh what do they call- ambulance. With uh Interviewer: It's a new word 312: I know I know it is but I can't I don't know. Interviewer: Well we just call 'em emergency 312: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: I don't- they probably have a fancy name {X} know what it is.{C: tape noise} Alright what do you call the to- the car that the fire chief drives? Have a special name for that? 312: No I don't know of any special names. It's a red car. Interviewer: Yeah. Fire chief's car. {C: laughing} 312: #1 Fire chief's car. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 # What do you call the car that a policeman drives? 312: Uh oh dear Mm There's a name for that. Interviewer: They're they're c- it can have a couple a' different names. 312: Hmm. I can't think of it {X} it's gone. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Well I just call it a police car. 312: Police car that's all I think of. I think there is another name that you can call it. Interviewer: A squad car? 312: Yeah a squad car is what I was trying to think of. Interviewer: Okay. what about the big ones that they carry people away in? 312: Uh the uh uh Well let's see. There are several names for that. Patrol c- patrol wagon. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Black mariah. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah that's right yeah. # 312: #2 That's an old name for it. # Interviewer: That's an older name for it? 312: Yeah. Interviewer: Were they black? Does- 312: Yes I bet they were black yeah.{C: tape noise} Paddy wagons. Black mariah. Interviewer: That's interesting. {NS} Alright what do you call those um aircraft with a big blade that goes around like that? 312: Uh helicopter. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} Alright uh What do you call a kind of storm that builds up in the ocean and then comes 312: Uh s- hurricane. Interviewer: Okay. How about one that I think they start off in the desert 312: Torn- uh tornado. Interviewer: Okay. How about in Atlanta they have a lot of these. I don't know if they have 'em here but the rain falls and it freezes. 312: Oh ice storm. Interviewer: Yeah. Do they have those here? 312: We h- occasionally. We had once very spectacular and terrible one in nineteen July- January the thirty-first nineteen fifty-one. I will never forget it. Interviewer: Really? It was that 312: We were without electricity for five days and I'll never forget that one no. {NW} That was a very historic one. It's called the {D: diced} uh the free- the uh #1 the big the deep freeze. We call it the deep freeze. # Interviewer: #2 The deep freeze. # 312: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh I should've asked these before. What do you call the man who puts out fires? 312: Fireman. Interviewer: And the uh the other his counterpart the guy who you know solves crimes. 312: Oh policeman. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the place where the fire man stays? 312: Fire hall. Interviewer: Fire hall? 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. And the place where the policeman stays? 312: Police station. Interviewer: Okay. Say someone were arrested for drunken- for being drunk out in the street. Where would he be taken to spend the night? 312: At the pol- at jail? Interviewer: Okay. Uh have you ever heard of a drunk tank? 312: Yes I've heard of it. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Is there any difference? 312: #1 I don't know {X} # Interviewer: #2 Are they {X} same {D: thing}? # 312: Just that I think they have 'em in the same building here. There's a lot of discussion about that right now. {NW} {X} That they're taking up so much room. We are so short of room in the jail and the drunks are taking up {D: our room}. {NW} Interviewer: That's funny. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh mm do this. Well what are they planning to with the drunks? 312: I don't know. They {X} they haven't gotten to come any conclusion about anything. {C: laughing} Right now it's uh a state of flux. {NW} Interviewer: That's funny. Uh alright what do you call the little weapon that a policeman carries for protection? 312: Um uh {X} Interviewer: Alright what about the one that shoots? 312: A gun. Interviewer: Okay. Can you tell me uh different kinds of guns? 312: #1 No I'm not # Interviewer: #2 Small guns? # 312: {X} I'm not a {X} {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay neither am I. {NW} I wouldn't even know what kind of answer to expect. 312: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Alright what do you call do you know any names for prostitutes? Names that are used around here? Slang names or 312: No I don't. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about the place where prostitutes work? 312: Oh it used to be uh the red light district the- was what it was called in the old days. I think they're everywhere now. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: They're gonna have to {X} any more. Alright what about a uh a destitute person who just lives in the gutter? and doesn't work 312: Um uh Well uh What do {C: very softly} What is it? I'd sure know. Interviewer: Somebody who hasn't got a job? And hasn't really got a place to live? 312: Mm. {X} My brain's gone {X} Interviewer: You may not have a special word for it. I I wouldn't. A der- would you call 'em a derelict? 312: I wouldn't call 'em that. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Have you heard them called that? 312: Uh yes I have. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Do you know a term for a a really cheap hotel where these guys can go? 312: Uh flop house. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have any uh any maybe church sponsored church sponsored missions or some {X} 312: yes there are some. {X} yes. Interviewer: Okay. Alright what do you call th- the drug that um people roll up in a cigarette and smoke? 312: Uh m- mar- m- m- marijuana. Interviewer: Okay. uh and what are some hard drugs? Some {X} ones? 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 worse ones # 312: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 # That you know of 312: Well I read about them. Oh dear uh Hmm. Cocaine and uh I can't think of others. I read about it all the time but {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay uh do you know what cocaine does to the user? 312: Well it's a very bad thing I know it's a it's become addicted to it. Interviewer: Yeah. Alright what do you call would you call someone like that a drug addict? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Any other terms? 312: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Alright how about the person who supplies the drug addict 312: #1 He's a pusher. # Interviewer: #2 with his drugs? # Okay. 312: I read all this in the paper and hear it on television. Interviewer: {X} it's everywhere. Alright what about one of those little shops where if you're poor and you take in oh a nice television like that and I get {X} dollars for it or something. And they keep it for you for a while. 312: Uh Interviewer: It's usually in the poorer neighborhoods. 312: Mm. Interviewer: Do you know what I'm talking about? 312: Uh yes I think I do but uh Interviewer: People take in diamond rings. 312: Ring markets? Uh Interviewer: No it's not like that. 312: #1 No. That wouldn't be {X} # Interviewer: #2 No. It's something that's designed to uh # {NW} It's not it's not really good what they do cuz they take your diamond ring or your 312: Oh um uh uh pawn shop. Interviewer: Right. 312: {NW} {X} pawn shop. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. What do you call a theater where uh X rated movies are shown? 312: Mm I read about that in the paper too. And I don't- I can't recall. Interviewer: Would you just call it X rated movie theater? 312: Yes that's what- that's what I would call it. Interviewer: Okay. Not that it comes up in conversation. {C: laughing} {NW} Alright what do you call the man who delivers your mail? 312: The postman. Interviewer: Okay. How about the man who picks up the trash? The garbage? 312: Uh garbage man? Interviewer: Okay. If- say there's someone who has a lot of friends at city hall and he's able to manipulate them to uh gain influence for him or his family or something you'd say this man has a lot of 312: influence. Interviewer: Alright. Uh Do you do you know a term for a city employee who doesn't have a job but one of these guys who influence got him uh his m- he draws a salary from city hall but he's not really doing anything? 312: I don't know. Interviewer: He just knows somebody. Have you ever heard of a pay roller? 312: Yes I have heard of that. Interviewer: Is that what that would be? 312: #1 I imagine so. I I really am not familiar with that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: I'm really am not familiar with that. Interviewer: Okay. Alright other than their corporate names what are those lar- the really big grocery stores in the mall? What are they called? 312: Uh supermarkets. Interviewer: Yeah. And what would you call a small neighborhood grocery store? 312: Just a uh grocery. Interviewer: How about the ones that are uh they open really early and close at midnight or something? 312: Oh they're called uh Mm. I can't think. Interviewer: Would you call it by its by its brand name? 312: #1 No I # Interviewer: #2 Like would you say go down to the seven eleven or something? # 312: No. Mm-mm. Interviewer: Would you call it a convenience store? 312: No. No. Uh Interviewer: Magic market? 312: No. {NW} Interviewer: Try to think of what I call it. 312: I I can't someone {X} I know but I I see the names on 'em.{C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} I don't know.{C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. What about the store it's a specialty store and it sells uh meat that's already cooked and vegetables and 312: Oh Interviewer: salami 312: Ye- delicatessen. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call uh something a pan big pan that you plug into the wall and and fry 312: Uh skillet. Interviewer: Okay. And what about those little ovens they're kinda new uh they have 'em in restaurants. I don't know if people have 'em in their homes yet but they're small and they heat up food really fast. 312: Um I know what you're talking about. Um micro oven? Interviewer: Yeah something like microwave? 312: Something like micro wave or something like that. Micro oven. {NW} Interviewer: Alright what do you call a a place a public place where you can do your laundry and you put coins in the machines? 312: Uh I call 'em a wishy washy but Interviewer: {NW} That's funny. {NW} Can I steal that? 312: That used to be the name of 'em. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Wishy washy. 312: Wishy washy{C: laughing} {NW} That was the old name for them. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Uh what else are they called? Can you think of 312: Uh well they're called coin laundries and all kinds of names for 'em. Interviewer: Laundromat. 312: Laundromats yes. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the uh the {D: thing} on the vacuum cleaner that collects all the dust that's on it or in it. 312: Suction? No. Interviewer: No it it collects all the dust and then you remove it. 312: Oh bag. Interviewer: Okay. How about something when you're mopping the floor and you keep the water with suds in it. 312: In a bucket. Interviewer: Okay. How about those new machines that people have um in their kitchen sometimes under the counter 312: #1 They {X} put a whole lot a' garbage in it? # Interviewer: #2 Uh oh oh # 312: I don't know what they are. I know about them but I don't know what they're called. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of a trash presser? 312: Yes I have. Interviewer: How about a trash masher? 312: Well either one. I- I just read about them. I see them on television. {X} {C: laughing} I {NW} contact I have with 'em. Interviewer: Okay. How about those real big garbage containers that are behind stores or in apartment complexes? 312: Oh uh Interviewer: They're green usually. 312: I know. There's a name for them. Ja- um some kind a' jumbo oh what- what is the name of that? Interviewer: {NW} Begins with a D. 312: Uh dumpster. Dumpster. Dumpster. Dumpster {C: laughing} dumpster. That's right. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh Do you know any slang names for cigarettes? 312: Well my husband called them uh {NS} Uh what was it. Cancer sticks. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: {NW} He called that's what he called 'em. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Uh {NS} What do you call a room in a house it's not a living room but 312: A den? Interviewer: #1 Yeah where the family # 312: #2 uh yeah family room. # Interviewer: Okay. How about if you have a a room with just a toilet and sink in it? Maybe downstairs 312: #1 Uh uh # Interviewer: #2 No tub. # 312: lavatory. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What do you call one of those houses that has oh three or maybe three rooms only or four or five and all in a straight line? 312: Uh uh ranch type. Interviewer: Okay that's one kind of it. But- but the front door is at the beginning of the line like this. The front door is here. And it just goes straight back from the street. 312: Um uh railroad? Interviewer: Yeah. 312: It used to be railroad apartments that right there {X} {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay but {X} people live in. 312: I don't know. I don't know what that's called. Interviewer: If all- if the door yeah if the door between every room was open including the back door you could look straight through it. 312: I know yeah. I- I don't know what that's called. Interviewer: Have you heard of um have you heard of a shotgun house? 312: Yes I think I have. Yes. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright have you ever seen a house like this? It usually again it's in a out in the country or in poor areas. It's just two rooms and they're separated. 312: Oh that's a dog trot in between. {NW} Yes. {NW} Interviewer: Okay tell me about that. 312: Well it was originally they built a log house and they build two rooms and they have a a little passage way between. Then later they enclosed that and made another room. But it was known as the dog trot. It's always been known as the dog trot between that. Interviewer: Whether you had a dog or not. 312: Yeah {NW} you had a dog or not it was the dog trot. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} That's cute. 312: But a lot of 'em were enclosed later and made into another room. Interviewer: Okay. And what were the two rooms usually? Was one a cooking room and the other 312: Uh usually. I think. One was uh Well I think they slept in 'em too. I think in the cooking room if it had a big family. It's ve- I see a great many people lived in those places. Interviewer: Yeah. But were the rooms big? 312: They were a fairly good size. Interviewer: Bigger than this one? 312: Yeah bigger than this yeah. Interviewer: I guess they'd have to be if you had a family there. 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Now then. there's another kind of house that has a long entry hall that's set at a ninety degree angle to a large sitting room. Or a large single room. 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I've never seen one of these but it's usually shaped I think like this and here's the front door. 312: L shape. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Have you ever heard of it called a flying L house? 312: No. Interviewer: How about a Holland parlor house? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispered} Uh have you seen any other small houses that're uh are distinctive design like that? Maybe we don't see anymore? 312: #1 I don't know of any like that. No. # Interviewer: #2 Unusual shapes? # Okay. What do you call the buildings that accommodate many families? 312: An apartment house. Interviewer: Alright. What about the really nice new ones that I think you buy 312: Condominiums. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: {NW} Interviewer: How about the really terrible ones in in the city? 312: Uh flats. {NW} Interviewer: What is a flat? 312: A flat is the same thing as an apartment house only it was just an old name for it. Interviewer: Is anything distinctive about a flat that would distinguish it 312: I don't know of any Interviewer: apartment house? Okay. What do you call the man who uh what do you call they have one here who's in charge of like if uh 312: A maintenance man? Interviewer: Right. Something goes wrong. Alright what about the uh the man who is above the maintenance man and he might show people the new apartment that's 312: Uh the uh manager. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Alright what do you call uh the equipment you use to cut the grass with? 312: Oh lawnmower. Interviewer: Alright how about one that uh is electrical electrically or gas powered? 312: Power mower. Interviewer: And how about the one that you sit on? Those new things 312: Well that's just a uh riding lawn mower. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 That's it. # {NW} Interviewer: What do you call a little uh tool Do you do much gardening? 312: I don't. Interviewer: Did you? 312: No. I never was a gardener. My husband did all the gardening. Interviewer: Did he? Did you catch him out in the yard? {NW} Alright well I'll ask you a few of these then. 312: Alright. I might know and I might not. Interviewer: It's a little tool looks like that- that's the handle and I think it looks kind of this and it's 312: {X} Interviewer: that's probably not a very good picture. Scoops kind of. 312: Oh um a shovel. Or spade. Interviewer: But just one that you hold in your hand? Which {X} 312: Uh oh no no no. Oh uh uh trowel. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: Trowel. Interviewer: Alright. How about the little the little one that's like this? 312: Oh uh sickle. Interviewer: #1 No just {X} # 312: #2 No no uh a {X} # Interviewer: Okay. And the one {X} call a long maybe you pick up hay with it or something. 312: uh uh pitchfork. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of a rake would you use to get the leaves up in the fall? 312: Oh um Um what do they call {D: those things}? {C: tape noise} Oo I know I can see one. {NW} Uh Well what are they called?{C: very softly} Interviewer: Are they distinguished from the kind that you use in {X} 312: Yes they are. Oh uh Oh I can't think of what it's called. {C: whispering} Interviewer: Is it called something other than just a leaf rake? 312: Yes it is. Interviewer: Okay. {C: very softly} 312: But I can't think what it is. Interviewer: {D: Oh no.} Well have you {X} 312: Leaf rake is all right but Interviewer: If you think of the other name 312: #1 but I can't think what it is. # Interviewer: #2 tell me. Go ahead and tell me. # 312: It seems to me there is another name. Interviewer: Alright what do you call uh say you had a storm and a big tree blew down. What might a man use to cut- chop that up into logs? 312: Uh power saw. Interviewer: Alright. How about a chain saw? 312: A chain saw. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Alright um What are some different cuts of beef steak? 312: #1 Different cuts of {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh loin and # 312: T bone and sirloin and uh oh and the big round one. Uh round steak? Interviewer: {NW} 312: {X} {C: laughing} Round steak as far as I know that. And flank steak Interviewer: Are there ch- they're cheaper cuts? 312: Yes. Interviewer: For example? 312: Well th- flank steak is a cheaper cut. And uh well there I don't know. The ones I've spoken of are the better ones. Interviewer: Which is the best? {X} 312: Well either a T bone or sirloin. I'm not sure which is best but they're all pretty good. Interviewer: Yeah it's probably just a matter of opinion. 312: Yeah. Interviewer: And hamburger. 312: Hamburger is of course ground up anything. {NW} Interviewer: Alright how about uh cuts of pork and varieties of ham. 312: I'm not familiar with pork particularly. I never use pork very much. Ham of course. Country ham is the best. Interviewer: And what is that exactly? 312: Well that is uh ham is taken and put in salt and {D: the vat} they have {X} big vat that they {C: tape noise} put the salt in and salt it. I don't know how long they kept it in that. Then they hung it and put a built a fire of hickory Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 312: #2 and smoked it for a certain length of time. # Interviewer: Would it be days or just hours? 312: Oh oh no days. Interviewer: Really? 312: Weeks and months probably. Interviewer: Oh. {NW} 312: And uh {C: laughing} and the lo- the older the ham the better. Interviewer: Really? 312: Yes. Two year old ham is better than a one year ham. Interviewer: Just like wine. 312: Yes. Uh-huh. Interviewer: How about that. 312: #1 That's country ham yes. # Interviewer: #2 So that's country ham {X} salt. # Are there any other kinds of ham? 312: Oh they have sugar cured. I'm {C: tape noise} not familiar with the method of that. Sugar cured ham is the what you usually get in the grocery store. Interviewer: Yep. That's what {X}. 312: Mm-hmm. That's right. Interviewer: #1 Do you {X} Do you like country ham? # 312: #2 And I'm not- # Yes I do. Interviewer: #1 I'd like to try that sometime. # 312: #2 Very much. # Interviewer: Can I- can you get that in restaurants? 312: Oh yes you can get it. Interviewer: It's not just something they do in the country then. 312: No. Interviewer: {NW} 312: No you can get it in restaurants. Interviewer: Alright are you familiar with cuts of lamb? 312: Well I know the leg of lamb and the shoulder. That's about as far as {X} Course there's chops. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 312: #2 That's as far as I can go. # Interviewer: Alright uh let's talk about poultry. Like what are some different kinds of chicken that you can get for different purposes? 312: Well there's the hen and the uh the uh broiler the hen as far as I can{C: tape noise} tell. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about a roaster or a 312: Well a roaster and a hen would be #1 same thing. # Interviewer: #2 They're the same? # 312: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What are some different kinds of sausage? 312: Well there're all kinds a' sausage. I do- I don't know. Interviewer: #1 What about the real you get at ball games and stuff? # 312: #2 hot well # Oh uh course {X} uh uh weenies and uh bologna and things like that. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what do you call one of those real big sandwiches about this big with everything on it? Everything. About eight kinds a' meat and 312: #1 I know uh # Interviewer: #2 four kinds of cheese # 312: Uh I don't know. Interviewer: Alright I'll give you a few seconds 312: I know a na- there's a name for it but I can't think of it Interviewer: There are lots a' names 312: Yes {D: I'm cur-} yeah Interviewer: This is something that's interesting. It's called something different in every part of the country. Um hero sandwich or 312: I've heard that. That's in New Orleans I think. Interviewer: Yeah I think so. Submarine? 312: No. Interviewer: Uh have you heard of a po' boy sandwich? 312: Yes I have heard of that. Interviewer: How about a hoagie? 312: No. Interviewer: What's a- what {D: are this other name} I guess hero is the one I hear 312: Uh I think hero as I- as I recollect hero would be connected with New Orleans. I believe but I'm not sure about that. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # I don't know either. Uh Alright what is the what are the kinds of drinks you might get at a ball game? They're not alcoholic. 312: Uh Interviewer: Carbonated. 312: Carbonated uh soft drinks.{C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Any other generic names for those? Non specific names? 312: No I don't think of any. Interviewer: Have you ever been around people who say uh who call these soft drinks Cokes 312: #1 Yes. Yes. # Interviewer: #2 whether they are or not. # 312: #1 Yes I have. # Interviewer: #2 Even when they're not Cokes? # Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh Alright what's the other stuff that you might drink with one of these hero sandwiches that is alcoholic and it's also {X} 312: Beer. Interviewer: Alright. {D: Are there any other} Do you know any other names for {X} 312: Uh well there's uh uh root beer. Interviewer: I don't think that's alcoholic. 312: I don't think that would be alcoholic though no. I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: Okay uh There are two kinds of things well lots of kinds of things that you eat for breakfast but one of 'em is real big 312: Pancake. Interviewer: Pa- pardon? 312: Pancake. {NW} Interviewer: No uh usually it'll have pecans on the top or something and it 312: Oh waffle #1 No? # Interviewer: #2 No. # Uh women usually go out of their way to make these. They're really nice 312: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 They're about this high # 312: #1 For breakfast? # Interviewer: #2 Coffee cake? # 312: Oh coffee cake. I'm not interested in coffee cake. Interviewer: #1 Oh you don't like it? # 312: #2 Cuz I don't like them. # Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright then that takes care of that one. 312: {NW} Interviewer: How about the little ones that you can pick up in your hand that are just individual size? 312: Um um uh sweet rolls. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Don't like those either. Interviewer: {NW} Do you like these? They're round. They have holes in 'em. 312: Donuts. No I don't like those either. Interviewer: Alright well can you but y- can you tell me um there's some sweet white stuff it's usually just made of water and powdered sugar that would be sprinkled or poured over the top of a donut or the top of a coffee cake. 312: Uh Yes I know. But I can't recall the name of it. Interviewer: Sometimes it's also put on top of angel food cake. 312: Yes I know. I don't know what the name of it. Interviewer: Would you call it glaze? 312: Yes. Interviewer: #1 You would? # 312: #2 Yes. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: okay. How about the stuff that you spread on the top of a regular cake? 312: Icing. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Alright there are donuts that are rectangular shape. They're about this long. 312: Not familiar with those. Interviewer: Alright. 312: {NW} Interviewer: How about ones that have jelly inside? 312: They're jelly donuts. Interviewer: How about the ones that are twisted? 312: They're crullers. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What do you call a ring with a particularly large stone? Real show off-y 312: Uh{X} Interviewer: {X} 312: Dinner ring? Interviewer: Alright. Do you know any names if it's a real pretentious ring that woman likes to show off to everybody? Alright. What do you call shorts that come to about right here? Right at the top a' the knee? 312: Um. Uh Uh there is a name for those. I can't think.{C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay um walking shorts maybe? 312: No. Interviewer: Bermuda shorts? 312: Bermuda shorts. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: How about uh they're pants that come to about mid mid calf I guess. They used to wear 'em a lot in the fifties I think. They're not long and they're not short. 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Alright how about the ones that're that you know come to about right here? 312: Short shorts. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # What might you call clothes that uh Say you had an older sister and she outgrew her clothes and gave 'em to you. 312: Hand me down. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know any expressions for very fashionable or good looking clothes? 312: Um. Mm I should know those {D: myself} I know but I can't think. {C: tape noise} {X} suggestions? {C: tape noise} Interviewer: No. {NW} I don't exactly know what he wants here. 312: I don't know either. I can't think. Interviewer: Model clothes or something 312: Yeah something like that. I don't know though Interviewer: Alright how do you store winter clothes in a closet during the summer? 312: I put them in uh storage bags. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh is there a different name for the very light weight kind that you get at the cleaner's? 312: Uh Mm Yeah there's a name for that. Uh Wait a minute. Cellophane bag uh I can't think. Interviewer: Okay. Would you- would you just call it a plastic bag? 312: Plastic bag is the name. That's what I couldn't get. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: And would you have still a different name for the kind you might use on an airplane? Like a man might use for his suits or something? 312: Well you'd have that- yes that would be a um {D: come on} {X} the name for that? I can't I can't. It doesn't come to me. Interviewer: Alright it doesn't come to me either. 312: Oh. Interviewer: I don't think- I don't think it was a suit bag. 312: No but it was another name but I can't think of it the moment. Suit bag is alright but Interviewer: I don't kn- I {X} 312: But it seems to me there is {C: tape noise} something else but I can't recall. Interviewer: Alright. That doesn't matter. {NW} How about uh what are some different kinds a' shoes? 312: #1 Oh uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} men and women. # 312: Uh the sandals and oxfords and uh Interviewer: What are oxfords? 312: Oxfords are j- uh tied. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Tied shoes. They have lace up front. Laced laced shoes. They're oxfords. And uh platform shoes Interviewer: Yeah. {C: laughing} 312: With {X} things. {NW} Uh Interviewer: What about the shoes that are made- they're made of this material this canvas stuff and 312: Uh uh Interviewer: Children wear a lot 312: Yes I know. Uh sneakers.{C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Any other kind? What would you call the kind you have on? 312: I don't know what you would call them. Interviewer: I don't either. {NW} 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Regular shoes. 312: They're comfortable shoes but I don't know what you'd call 'em. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Alright. Uh what are some different kinds of hairstyles that people wear now? Both blacks and whites. 312: Oh the- the blacks wear the afro I believe they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: And uh I don't know. Bouffant. Interviewer: Uh yeah. That's what the country music singers wear. 312: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 312: Very much so. And I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What uh might you call Do you know any terms for male homosexuals? 312: Uh I read flower people and I don't know {X} {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Do you know a term for a alright a man who's not necessarily homosexual but has very feminine ways? Very {X} very just delicate. 312: Uh effeminate? Interviewer: Okay. Alright how about female homosexuals? 312: I- there is a name for that but I don't remember what it is. Interviewer: Okay. Lesbian? 312: Yes that's it. Interviewer: Alright. And do you know any terms for uh a woman who's very mannish or something but doesn't necessarily have to be homosexual? {NS} 312: Uh. I can't think {X}. No I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh do you know any and these could be words you might remember from your youth too. I don't know. Just slang words for an ugly boy or man. 312: Homely? Interviewer: Okay. And you'd use that more for men than for women? 312: Mm-hmm. Yeah well you could use it for both. Interviewer: How about terms for women? 312: Ugly. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} {NW} How about a really attractive boy or man? 312: Well attractive would be a word. Interviewer: You say good looking? 312: Good looking yes. Interviewer: And for a girl? Or a woman? 312: Well attractive and pretty. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Beautiful. Interviewer: Alright what do you call a person who uh well a bookish person? Somebody's always reading books. Always in the library. 312: Uh intellectual. Interviewer: Well now h- would you distinguish somebody who was always reading books from someone who was simply intelligent? 312: No. Uh. Bookish.{C: tape noise} {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Would you call 'em a bookworm? 312: Bookworm is right. Yes you could call 'em a bookworm. Interviewer: How about somebody who's just extremely intelligent? {X} can you remember any slang words for that? 312: No I can't. Interviewer: Okay. How about somebody who goes out of his way for praise and attention from his superiors whether it be his boss or his teacher at school? 312: There is a name for that but I can't remember what it is. Interviewer: {X} 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what do you call the first seven or eight grades of school? What do you call that school? 312: Uh uh Now I know that too. Inter- uh {NW} Oh dear tha- Interviewer: {NW} 312: I'm so {X} Interviewer: What are all the different types of schools there until you get to college? 312: Well there's high school and a- well that's the one that I can't remember now that you got me {C: laughing} High school. And below that is the uh elementary. That's what I was trying to think of. Elementary school. Interviewer: And is there a school between those? 312: Uh the uh junior high. Interviewer: Okay. Did you go to a junior high? 312: Uh well I was in Ward Belmont which was Interviewer: From starting what age? 312: Uh from well I was I went to a private school a little private school until I got- went into high school. Interviewer: Oh so when you were about thirteen or fourteen 312: #1 Uh yes mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you started at Ward Belmont? # I see. Okay. Uh What do you call the big room in a school in uh a sch- I don't know if they have 'em in girls schools or not but uh it's where you play basketball? 312: Oh uh basketball court uh a gymnasium. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: Gymnasium. Interviewer: Alright what do you call a place uh in a school where the toilets are? 312: Uh Mm dear. Isn't that funny. Your brain goes {X} like that. Interviewer: {NW} 312: Uh. A uh {NW} Oh such a s- maybe a common name. Why can't I remember it? Interviewer: I don't know. I would just call it a bathroom 312: No i- there's another name. I can't think of it. Interviewer: It's not lavatory 312: It wouldn't be a bath- lavatory I think. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 312: That would be it. Interviewer: Alright um were there kids at your uh your either your elementary school or your high school that were from any other nationalities? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Do you ha- are there any orientals in Nashville? {X} 312: Yes there are some. Interviewer: Do you know any slang names for them? Any 312: No. Interviewer: Uh how about slang names for catholics? 312: No. Interviewer: How about for uh extremely fundamentalist sects of protestants? {X} the uh 312: No. Interviewer: Primitive baptists or 312: Well there are those but yes but I don't know {X} particular names for them except{C: tape noise} their denominational name. Interviewer: Have you ever heard a' holy rollers? 312: Yes they are holy rollers. Interviewer: Okay. And how about for Jews? 312: I don't know any particular name that we've known them as here. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um I have some {X} you don't know 312: Mm-mm. Interviewer: slang names for them. 312: No. Interviewer: Ger- do the Germans have any? 312: No I don't think they had any names for them. Yeah I th- I don't believe they {NS} Cuz I don't think they had enough to have a community of them you see. Interviewer: I see. Well now there are some slang names for blacks. 312: Niggers and uh I always called them niggers or darkies. Interviewer: Okay. 312: They don't like that. Interviewer: {NW} They don't? 312: {NW} No. {NW} Interviewer: Any other- can you think of any others? 312: No. Interviewer: Are they still called colored people sometimes? 312: Yeah colored people. Interviewer: Okay. How about slang names for democrats? Or slang names for republicans? 312: Well uh some democrats were called yellow dog democrats. They'd rather vote for a yellow dog than a republican. Interviewer: {X} 312: {NW} That was my father was a yellow dog democrat. Interviewer: I never heard that. 312: Yes. {C: laughing} Interviewer: That's cute. 312: {NW} Interviewer: But there were no yellow dog republicans? 312: No. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright what do you call a young person usually a young guy with long hair and uses drugs 312: Hippie. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Can you think of any other terms for hippies? 312: No. Interviewer: Uh I- How do you feel about them? 312: I don't- {X} opposed to them. Interviewer: Are you? 312: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright do you have an expression for your uh your best friend? Maybe like your buddy or something like that? 312: No. Interviewer: Bosom buddies 312: Mm-mm. No. Interviewer: Okay. Um Alright when you were in elementary school did you have a group of children that you regularly played with? 312: Yes I did. Interviewer: How did you refer to them? 312: Just my just friends that's all. Interviewer: Not the gang 312: #1 No. No. # Interviewer: #2 or the group or something. # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Alright. Have you ever heard of a it's kind of a contest. It's between usually young people do it. Teenagers do it. They try to one up each other on insults. 312: Mm-mm. Interviewer: And they usually end up insulting each other's mothers. 312: No. No I don't think I {X} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Can you remember games you played as a child that involved hiding? 312: Yes hide and go seek. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever play kick the can? 312: No I never did. Interviewer: Alright. How about running games? 312: Well I don't know. I don't think so. Interviewer: Did you ever have relay races or anything like that? 312: Uh I think they did when they had picnics and things of that sort. You had things like that. Interviewer: Had uh sunday school picnics and that type 312: #1 {X} You know. yes school and things like that. # Interviewer: #2 Right. In school or in {X} # How about games where you uh stood around in a big circle. 312: Uh Interviewer: Anything that involves standing in a circle. 312: Well they had uh drop the handkerchief was one like that. Interviewer: Okay. How- how did you play that? 312: Well you had someone that was it. And they ran around the circle and dropped the {C: tape noise} handkerchief I can't remember {X} Interviewer: #1 But there wasn't # 312: #2 {X} # They {X} pick it up and they had to pick it up and catch the person I think that Interviewer: #1 Outside {X}? Okay. # 312: #2 dropped it or something like that. I'm not sure. # I've forgotten. It's been too long. Interviewer: {NW} 312: {NW} Interviewer: And how about uh games with uh marbles? 312: Oh yes. Interviewer: Did you play? 312: Oh um a little bit. Interviewer: Were- was it considered a- a just a 312: #1 boys game? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah a boys game # 312: mostly yeah. Interviewer: How about jacks? 312: I never played jacks but they did- girls played jacks. Interviewer: Okay. Well can you think of any other kinds of games that I haven't thought of? 312: Mm. No I can't. No. Interviewer: Alright. 312: #1 Oh uh musical chairs. # Interviewer: #2 What do you call a- I'm sorry # 312: #1 {X} a party. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah yeah. # 312: You know you'd have that. Interviewer: Alright do you have any other terms for parties? Depending on what you do at them? 312: No. Interviewer: #1 Alright you'd always say I'm going to a party if somebody invited you to # 312: #2 Mm-hmm. Yes. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Interviewer: Alright place with a group of people. Okay. Well now I'm at the end of a section. Would you like to stop? 312: Well I think maybe s- might {X} {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh let's see where I am. Interviewer: Alright what I need to ask you about is uh your parents' education. 312: Well {C: tape noise} just the regular uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: {C: tape noise} education. They didn't go to college. Interviewer: But they both graduated from high school? 312: {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} My mother was born in eighteen sixty-seven. My father was born in eighteen fifty. You see there weren't high schools and things like that in those days. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: They had grammar school. They had uh school but I don't know that they they had public schools. They went to publi- my father during the civil war {C: tape noise} his family uh were friends of some catholics here and they sent their when my father was ten years old when the war started and uh they sent him up to s- Notre Dame. Interviewer: Oh. 312: To school during the war Interviewer: Ah ha. 312: You see. That's- he went there. Course that was just grammar school. Uh I mean it was I don't know whether you'd call it high school or not you know they didn't in those days but it was a preparatory school at Notre Dame. It was not the college of course. Interviewer: But it was affiliated with it. 312: Yeah. Oh yeah. And he went there during the civil war. Interviewer: Oh. That's {D: interesting} {NW} I didn't even know Notre Dame had been around then. 312: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Okay and what did your father do for a living? 312: He was in the flour business. Uh he uh bought flour uh from the west that kinda flour that they used out there which was called winter wheat flour that- used by bakers. Interviewer: Oh. 312: And then he brought it here and put it in his own onto his own label and sold it to bakers all over the south. Interviewer: Ah. 312: {C: tape noise} That's what they used for bakeries. And they- they only used that kinda flour. And so he sold flour to all over the south. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} Did his father do that too? Or how did he 312: His father. His father. uh was born in eighteen O two and uh {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Eighteen O two so that means your father was born when his father was 312: #1 Well you see # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: Yes because you see they- my father was {D: one of the} {C: tape noise} good many children in the family and he was his mother was determined to have one child named for her father and one named for her husband. And my father was the third one Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 312: #2 See two of th- {X} # #1 terrible mortality in babies at that time. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah of course. # 312: And so his- he was the third one named for his father Interviewer: #1 The other two had died? # 312: #2 her husband. # The other two had died. And then there were my uncle who was ten years older than my father was the second Matt {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Oh {NW} 312: So they were- he was one of the younger children. He was the next to the youngest in a large family. Interviewer: I see. Yeah. 312: And then I {C: tape noise} of a second wife. My father his first wife died and then married my mother {C: tape noise} in his uh forties early forties when uh when I was born Interviewer: #1 Oh. {NW} # 312: #2 you see so it's a long gap in there. # {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} Until the railroads came in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Then he got out of that and was in the uh uh mercantile business and he sold grain and and uh wholesale business here in Nashville. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Alright uh did your mother work? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} I don't guess many women did work. 312: No. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright uh who are Are your friends mostly people from church or the colonial dames 312: Yeah church and yes uh historical uh interests. I'm- I'm interested in historical things and {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: {X} society. {C: tape noise} Board ma- on the board of the ladies hermitage association {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Of the what association? 312: ladies hermitage association that runs Andrew Jackson's home. Interviewer: Oh. 312: I've been on that board for since nineteen forty two or three or something like that. And I'm on the board and have been registrar of the colonial dames national society of colonial dames for since uh {C: tape noise} I've been registrar for thirty years. {NW} Interviewer: So most of the things you do for enjoyment are historical. 312: #1 Yes that's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} things. # That's interesting. that's really nice. Is there a national historical society as well? 312: Uh no. The- well there is now. there's a {X} metro {C: tape noise} uh historical s- {X} {X} But that's- I belong to that. I belong to all of 'em. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Oh okay. {NW} And what kind of things do you do with the- well I'm particularly interested in the hermitage one. What do you do? 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Oh you do. 312: Yes. There's a {X} Interviewer: You hire all the people 312: Yeah oh yes there's a- there's a board of women {C: tape noise} uh that started see it started in eighteen eighty-nine. Interviewer: Now when did Jackson live? 312: Jackson died in eighteen forty-five. Interviewer: Okay. 312: And he the home was his son adopted son's. No it was not his adopted son but his son's his grandson Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: had lived there when the- when he {C: tape noise} I'm not sure whether suffocated when he died. I guess he was. Anyway the family lived on in the house. but this- the uh state of Tennessee bought it after Jackson's death. But they didn't do anything with it. {C: tape noise} And then they couldn't afford to to keep on living there and they So the state had all sorts of ideas as to what they were going to do with it. They were going to have a make a {D: home of it.} They were going to do all sorts of different things and so some of the ladies got busy {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Oh I see. 312: And uh so they got busy and finally {C: tape noise} effort they got the state to th- to give it to them to run. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} in good order why we can keep on running it. And it's a self {C: tape noise} sustaining board. We appoint our own board members. Interviewer: I see. 312: As you see and we have about twenty women on the board {C: tape noise} Interviewer: And are they all Nashville residents? 312: All Nashville residents. And we have uh uh uh committee of men who are appointed by the governor who are called trustees Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: {C: tape noise} from recommendation from us. You see {C: laughing} And the governor has only turned us down once {X}. And then uh But- that- we run it. We- we operate the place completely. In every way and it's a big business now. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: {C: tape noise} three hundred thousand people there last year and {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} it's really and so we- we run it completely. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} 312: {C: tape noise} I can't remember. Interviewer: Well how expensive is it? 312: It's two dollars. Two dollars {X} now but there're three {C: tape noise} There uh You must go. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} I know there are student rates {C: tape noise} if they're in a group. Some {X} that way. Interviewer: Oh I see. 312: Uh {C: tape noise} It's uh we have three buildings. three {C: tape noise} It's the hermitage itself which is well worth seeing then across the road is a house that is very beautiful that was built by Andrew Jackson for his {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: And his secretary's wife was was the his uh hostess for part of the time. {C: tape noise} Half the time. Interviewer: Because his wife died or 312: His wife was died before he became president. Interviewer: Oh oh. Ah. 312: See and Rachel was uh {C: tape noise} before he was inaugurated president. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: And so his his niece {X} was his he- hostess and then his uh adopted son's wife was hostess part of the time too. Interviewer: So Jackson never remarried? 312: No. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 312: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Interviewer: {C: tape noise} We- uh where is that I just 312: {C: tape noise} That's the way I go is highway forty. And that's what you would do You could go uh from Murfreesboro pike Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: You'd go over {C: tape noise} Oh and those motor courts uh How- Alamo {C: tape noise} court Interviewer: Oh I've seen them. 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: Turn left at Alamo court and go through there {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Right right right. 312: And you go over to the {X} and turn right and go straight out and you'll come right to it. Interviewer: {X} 312: You turn off to the left there. After you- but you'll see the signs. They'll tell you where to turn. Interviewer: Great. Okay thanks. 312: But you really- that's really way out- way far out Interviewer: Oh I- I'm sure it is. Okay uh {C: tape noise} {NS} Is that your door? 312: No I don't think so. Interviewer: What kind of music do you like? 312: Not any. {C: whispering} Interviewer: At all? 312: {NW} Interviewer: Not any at all. 312: Not any at all.{C: laughing} {NW} Now you've got it. {NW} Interviewer: I have never gotten that answer before. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Not even historical music huh? 312: No. They don't- they're- they're- we always having music down here having people come over from Peabody college to entertain us you know it they- they come and try that on us first #1 {X} they have a performance you see. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 312: And I never go {X} {C: laughing} No I really I have no care for music whatsoever. I have no rhythm. And it- it doesn't mean anything to me. I'm {X} not proud of it but it just doesn't. Interviewer: But what do you- you just have it then on as background then when you do. 312: Uh Interviewer: Oh you don't even turn on the radio? 312: Oh I don't turn on the radio at all and I never listen to musical things on T-V. {X} {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay that's a good honest answer. 312: {NW} Interviewer: I like that. {NW} Okay then we'll go from that to uh farms. {NW} 312: Farms? Interviewer: Farms. 312: Well I don't know much about farms. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Well that's what we wanna find out. We wanna find out how much people who live within cities know about farms. 312: Well I know very little. I have cousins who have a farm. They have a large farm out towards Franklin and I go out there and visit them but I know very little about farms. {NW} Interviewer: Okay we- we'll see. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call a big building on a farm where the grain is stored and- 312: #1 The barn? # Interviewer: #2 stored and # I'm sorry? 312: Barn? Interviewer: Yes. 312: {NW} Interviewer: See? You know something. 312: {NW} Interviewer: How about the name of the building where corn is stored? 312: A corn crib. Interviewer: Okay. How about where uh a particular part of a building where the grain is stored? 312: Mm. Granary? Interviewer: Yeah. What- when you say that word what does that bring to mind? What does one of those look like? 312: Uh I don't know. {C: very softly} I wouldn't uh sort of a thing like this it's Interviewer: #1 In a V shape? # 312: #2 Sort of a V shape- a V shape. # I don't know whether that's right or not. Interviewer: I don't either {X} {NW} Alright what do you call the uh upper part of the barn where the chickens stay? 312: Uh loft. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. If uh you gather- 312: I used to play in barns Interviewer: #1 Did you? # 312: #2 when I was I was a child. {NW} # I had friends who rented country places every summer and went out and sort of camped you know and Interviewer: #1 Oh but they just rented them? # 312: #2 and so # They'd rent them and go out and as I say would sort of camp in them. And I'd go out and visit them but that's {NW} that's the extent of my Interviewer: #1 So there was no work done. # 312: #2 farming. # Oh no no. No work done. Just play. {NW} Slide down the haystacks. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 312: #2 That sort of thing you know. # Interviewer: That was my next question. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the things #1 you play in? # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Uh What- have you ever heard of a it's got four poles and it a sliding roof and you put hay in it? A hay barrack? 312: No. {D: right here} Interviewer: Okay. 312: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Uh do you know uh {C: tape noise} any names for small piles of hay that are kind of raked up? 312: Rick? Interviewer: Okay. Uh What do you call the place where you keep horses? 312: Stable. Interviewer: Uh is there a special place besides the barn? A place outside where you milk cows? 312: Hmm. {C: tape noise} Dairy. No that would be where you keep the milk.{C: tape noise} Interviewer: Yeah I think so. 312: Uh. I don't know. I can't think. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh or a cow pen? 312: A cow pen would be alright yes. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: In a sty. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} Does a sty have a shelter over it or is it just open? 312: Open as far as I know. Interviewer: Yeah. When you were talking about a dairy before uh exactly {C: tape noise} 312: Well just cans of milk. Milk cans and and places to uh{C: tape noise} strain the milk and that sort of thing I I remember as a child. And churn it Interviewer: Well now okay is it a more a type of farm or more a processing plant? 312: More processing. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. What do you call the place around the barn the land around the barn where all the animals 312: Barnyard. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} And what do you call the place where you let uh cows and sheep go out to graze? 312: Pasture. Interviewer: Okay. Would that be fenced in or would it 312: Yes. Interviewer: It would be. Okay. Uh do you know anything about raising cotton? 312: No I really don't. I've seen it but I don't know anything about it. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call uh grass that grows up in a cotton field when you don't want it there? 312: I don't know. {C: very softly} Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} Alright I've just said this but uh cotton and corn grow in a {C: tape noise} 312: Field. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Now what's the difference between a field and a patch? 312: I don't know except patch is a small a smaller{C: tape noise} area as far as I know. Interviewer: Okay. That's all I wanted to know. And what kinds of things would you say are grown in a patch besides tobacco? {C: tape noise} 312: {C: tape noise} {X} small gardens and places of that sort would be in a they wouldn't be g- you wouldn't call it a patch though. Interviewer: You just call it a garden I guess. 312: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what else is grown in a field besides 312: Oh corn wheat.{C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} Uh All kinds a' things. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Grai- uh hay {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay um do you have different names for different kinds of little wooden fences? 312: Well let's see. Uh A rail fence. Interviewer: Now what does that look like? 312: A rail fence is {C: tape noise} r- uh rectangul- uh horizontal Interviewer: Okay. 312: rails. And uh a picket fence would be with up and- uh perpendicular Interviewer: Yeah. 312: stakes. {C: tape noise} then there's uh um {C: tape noise} Interviewer: the kind that zig zags? 312: Yeah zig zag. Interviewer: Okay. 312: That's right. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh have you ever heard of a paling fence or 312: Yes. Interviewer: What is that? 312: That's straight up and down I think. Interviewer: Like a 312: pale yeah. That would #1 be it seems to me # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 312: a picket fence would be smaller uh paled. Uh smaller sticks. And the pale pale uh pale fence would be wider. Uh that's my uh idea of it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Interviewer: Uh how about a slat fence? 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. That- I think that's just another name for 312: Mm-hmm. I expect so. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright What do you call the kind of fence that uh {NW} excuse me if you climb over it it might tear your pants off? 312: Oh barbed wire. {NW} Interviewer: Alright uh {C: tape noise} When you set up if you were out there setting up a barbed wire fence 312: {NW} Interviewer: uh you would dig holes where the 312: For the uh posts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay what might you call a fence or wall made of loose stone or rock you might remove from 312: Uh rock wall. Interviewer: Okay. Uh uh some farmers {C: tape noise} when they want to fool a hen into s- {C: tape noise} 312: {C: tape noise} no what do you call Interviewer: {NW} 312: {C: tape noise} china egg Interviewer: Yes. 312: China egg. That's it. Interviewer: You're one of the few people who- who've known what that was. 312: Really? {NW} Interviewer: Yes. 312: China egg. Interviewer: Have you ever seen one of them? 312: Yeah oh yes many of 'em. Interviewer: Are they really made out of china or 312: Yeah. {C: tape noise} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That's- that's really interesting. Do you know why it works? 312: Well I don't know why except that- that they think that that is a nest that they've had I don't know. Interviewer: Maybe it gives 'em the idea to 312: #1 The idea I suppose. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 312: #1 That's all I know. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} That's funny. Alright what do you use to carry water in? 312: A bucket. Interviewer: Alright now when you say bucket is that do you think of something wooden or metal? 312: Either way. A pail I guess would be a me- a wooden pail. Interviewer: Pail would be 312: Wooden. Interviewer: Wooden and bucket would be? 312: E- to my mind would be metal. Interviewer: Okay. Um. 312: But we- we don't use the word pail too much. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh what would you call a container that you'd use to carry food to the pigs? 312: I don't know. Interviewer: You ever heard of a slop bucket? 312: Oh yes. Yes I have heard of a slop bucket. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Alright What do you call the thing that you fry eggs in? 312: A skillet. Interviewer: Alright. What's it made out of? 312: Iron. Interviewer: Okay. {C: very softly} Um did you ever have one with legs? 312: Yes that's a spider. {X} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} And how big is it? 312: It's just the size of a sk- a regular skillet. And they- they put hot coals under it when they built it in front of the uh cooked in the fireplace you see. Interviewer: Oh they used coals instead of 312: They put coals under the skillet. And that's where the- why there were legs. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} all right what about {X} 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. Would you call- ever call it anything else? 312: no not that I know {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. What do you call the long container that you use to put cut flowers in? {C: tape noise} 312: A vase. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. What are the uh eating utensils that you set out at the table? 312: Uh you mean uh plates and Interviewer: The the ones that the utensils that you actually 312: Oh knives and forks. Uh Interviewer: And? 312: Spoon. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: If the dishes are all dirty you might say oh it's almost supper time and before we can have supper we have to have some clean dishes. I must 312: wash the dishes. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: And after you wash the dishes then you 312: dry them. Interviewer: uh but sometimes before that you have to 312: uh rinse 'em. Interviewer: Right. Okay. And what do you call the uh cloth or rag that you might use to wash 'em off 312: uh dish towel. Interviewer: But to wash them with too? 312: No. Dish cloth. Interviewer: Okay. And a dish towel is to dry 'em? 312: Dry them. Interviewer: Alright and what you call a s- 312: It might have been the di- the one to wash 'em with it might be a dish rag. Interviewer: Okay now which would you more readily say? Do you know? 312: Well I think in the early days I would have said rag. I would say cloth now. {NW} Interviewer: Alright and how about the one you use for your face? Which would you say? 312: {C: tape noise}well, I would say cloth now but have said rag in the early days. Interviewer: Okay you'd have said say wash- wash rag back then? 312: Wash rag. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Yes. Interviewer: {NW} Alright uh people used to buy flour in a {C: tape noise} 312: a barrel. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright uh what did molasses come in when you used to buy it in fairly large quantities? 312: Mm. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright uh did you call it a stand? 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh {NW} What's one of these things that we have uh a big container and you want to pour something into small container 312: Oh uh a funnel. Interviewer: Right. {NS} What do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're 312: A whip. Interviewer: Alright. If you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put them in a 312: Bag? Interviewer: Okay what kind a' bag? 312: paper bag. Or paper sack. Interviewer: Alright. {C: very softly} Um how how uh let's say fifty years ago how was a fairly large quantity of sugar packaged? 312: In a uh cloth bag I think. Interviewer: Okay and how about flour? 312: In- in the same. Interviewer: What do you call the bag or sack that potatoes are shipped in? {C: tape noise} 312: Uh tow sack? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other names? 312: Uh tow sack and um {X} sack. Interviewer: Okay how about feed seed uh 312: The same thing Interviewer: And manure too? I bu- I wouldn't know about manure. {NW} 312: {NW} Interviewer: Fertilizer. 312: {NW} {X} about either one particularly. I think it's put in a cloth sack the fertilizer. It was. It's not anymore. I'm sure it's in paper now. Interviewer: Yeah I think it is. Alright what would you call {C: tape noise} 312: A sack? Interviewer: Okay uh have you ever heard of a turn of corn? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. Any names for the amount of wood you might carry? 312: A rick? Interviewer: Okay. And how much is a rick of wood? 312: Oh I can't remember. Interviewer: Just an armful? 312: No a rick. No a rick is um is a certain {C: tape noise} {X} {C: whispering} But when you pile it up it's certain footage Interviewer: Oh 312: Is- is a rick or uh Oh the other name that I can't think of. Interviewer: #1 Is that like the hay you were talking about before? # 312: #2 No. uh # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # No they pile you know they pile wood into a certain way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: And a certain footage means a uh the other na- other name has escaped me but Interviewer: Can I give you some 312: Yes. Interviewer: choices? Would it be a coil? 312: No not coil. Interviewer: Shock? 312: No. Interviewer: doodle? 312: No. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Those are some words we've gotten. 312: Uh no uh Interviewer: A tumble? 312: No. Interviewer: {NW} 312: Oh {NW} it'll come to me. {NW} It's so silly cuz it's so perfectly well known. Uh Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 Well my- my mind's blank on that {X} right now. # But a rick is one- one thing. But that is not something that uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. 312: Fixed in a certain way. They piled it up just exactly right and they know exactly by the measurement #1 how much that is you see. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # Oh okay. 312: And I'll think of the other name. Interviewer: {NW} 312: {X} there is another name. Interviewer: Ah well I hope you do cuz {C: tape noise} 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright when an electric lamp burns out you have to put in a new {C: tape noise} 312: a light uh bulb Interviewer: Okay. 312: Uh Interviewer: Will you say the whole name again? 312: Light bulb. Interviewer: Thanks. Alright uh {C: tape noise} what do you turn on when you want some water from the kitchen sink? 312: Uh the s- the uh faucet. Interviewer: Alright would you use a different word if it were outside on a pump? Or something? 312: Spigot? Interviewer: Alright is that what you would call it outside? Is there a difference? 312: {C: tape noise} But I don't think I call it a faucet on the outside. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright you might say it was so cold last night that our water pipes 312: burst. Interviewer: Okay. When you carry the washing out to hang it up on the line you carry it out in a 312: a basket. Interviewer: Uh what do nails come in? It's like a barrel but it's smaller. 312: I don't {X} Interviewer: Mm begins with K? 312: Keg. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright what runs around the barrel to hold the wood the staves in place? 312: Uh. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Or another way to put it- just a minute {NS} Another way to put it would be uh the skirts that women used to wear before the civil war {X} 312: A hoop. Hoop. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} {X} {C: laughing} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} top of a bottle once you've opened it? 312: A stopper. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What's the musical instrument that children play or sometimes bluegrass uh musicians play? It's like this 312: Um i- uh well it has several names. The Jews harp is one name and a uh uh Let's see. What's the other name? {C: whispering} Oh I've just {X} not long ago I heard somebody playing one. Uh harmonica. Interviewer: Alright. Are they both the same instrument? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh what do you pound nails with? 312: Hammer. Interviewer: If you have a wagon and two horses you gotta remember back a long time 312: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the long piece of wood that goes between the horses? 312: Um. Mm. Should know that. Oh I know that. It's the {X} I can't think of it. Gimme a clue. {NW} Interviewer: Well I'll ask you. Have you heard of a tongue? 312: #1 Yes that's right. That's right. Yes. Correct. # Interviewer: #2 Is that what you call it? Okay. # Now uh Say you have one horse pulling your buggy and before you hitch him up to it you have to back him in 312: #1 to the # Interviewer: #2 between # 312: uh. Now that's another one {X} Uh Oh you know I can't think. Interviewer: {NW} {C: tape noise} Well this is remembering back a long 312: I know but I- I should- {C: laughing} I should remember that. Uh I can't {X}. I know it so well. I've done it. Interviewer: You did it yourself? 312: Oh yes. Interviewer: Would you call it a shaft? 312: Shafts of course. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. {C: tape noise} 312: No. Shafts is what we called them. Interviewer: Alright. Hmm. When a horse is hitched to a wagon what do you call the bar of wood that the traces are fastened to? {NS} 312: Single tree? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: Good. {NW} Interviewer: Now if you have two horses and each one has a singletree what's that called? 312: I don't know that. I couldn't tell ya. Interviewer: Have you heard of a doubletree? 312: #1 Well maybe I have # Interviewer: #2 Or would you call it a double singletree? # 312: I- I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} If a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you would say he's doing what? With the wood? 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Alright let me phrase it another way and see if this What would you say somebody is doing when he's filling up his wagon at the wood lot and taking it to his house unloading it and then going back and filling it up again? 312: well, my brain's gone. Interviewer: Alright would you say he was hauling wood? 312: Yes of course. {NW} Interviewer: Will you say that 312: Hauling wood. {NW} Interviewer: Alright uh suppose there was a log across the road and you needed to get it out of the way. You might say I tied a rope to it and 312: Pulled it? uh Interviewer: Alright another word 312: Hauled it. Interviewer: Another word? 312: Oh uh dragged it? Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Thank you. And if you've done it many times you say we have? {C: tape noise} Same word. 312: We have I wouldn't say some a' the things that you might say. {X} Let's see. Uh. {C: tape noise} I don't- let me see now. {C: tape noise} We have well we wouldn't say drug. We would've said dragged I think. {C: tape noise} I have heard people say drug. Interviewer: I have too. 312: {NW} That's not right. Interviewer: I don't think so. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright. Uh what do you what do you break the ground with in the spring? 312: Uh uh plow? Interviewer: Alright can you can you tell me about some different kinds of plows that you might remember? 312: No I can't. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: hand drawn or do horses draw them? 312: Oh h- horses draw them. Yes. Interviewer: Oh o- okay. 312: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright uh after you've plowed what do you use to break the ground up even finer? 312: Um. Oh I should know that too. {C: tape noise} Yeah I'm not a farmer. {C: tape noise} {X} I can't think what it's called. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: Yes. That's right. {X} Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the think that goes across that uh the wheels of the vehicle fit onto it? 312: Uh uh {C: tape noise} completely blank when you ask me these questions. {C: tape noise} I've seen many of 'em and I've had them. Uh {C: tape noise} Hmm I know what you're talking about. Give me a clue {X} Interviewer: {NW} Well 312: {NW} Interviewer: I have several words here. Um well I'll just ask you. Would you call it a saw buck? {C: tape noise} Or a saw horse? 312: Saw horse. Interviewer: Alright. 312: Saw horse was what we would call it. Interviewer: How about the ones that are shaped like A that you might put a piece of wood across the top to make a table for church supper or something like that? Is that the same? 312: Yes it's the same thing. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} When you're taking care of your hair you use a comb and a 312: brush. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} Do you know what uh a revolver the thing that holds the bullets {C: tape noise} 312: No. Interviewer: Alright um another way this word is used is uh some kinds of pens you put a {X} 312: {C: tape noise} No no Interviewer: It's like an ink pen but it's not a fountain pen. You put the the thing of ink inside the pen. 312: Uh I can't think. Interviewer: Okay uh cartridge? {X} 312: Yes cartridge. Of course. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call uh in a children's playground a piece of wood on one of those A frame things that goes back and forth. Up and down. 312: Oh see hor- uh uh see saw. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you saw some children on this thing you'd say they are {C: tape noise} 312: See sawing. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright there's a sorta like a home made merry go round. Uh it's a plank like on a see saw 312: Yeah. Interviewer: but instead of going up and down. It goes around and around in a circle. {C: tape noise} 312: Yes I have heard of a flying jenny. Interviewer: And is that what that is? 312: I imagine so yes. I'm not sure but I- flying jenny is familiar to me. Interviewer: Okay. Well flying dutchman? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What do you call the uh oh say y- you tie a long rope to a branch and you {X} 312: Swing. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} 312: {D: Th- that hoe hard} was the thing that you put it in. They had uh a decorative thing that sat by the fireplace and you put the coal in that from the bucket. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 312: #2 And you used it. # As was the coal hot Interviewer: And then you put it from the hot into 312: Put onto the fireplace. Interviewer: Alright and did you ever call it a coal scuttle? 312: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Is that the same thing as a hot # 312: #2 Yes that's- yes that's the same thing. # No. That's the same as the bucket. Interviewer: I see. 312: Coal scuttle is what I should have said in the first place. Interviewer: Okay. No no. 312: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 312: Coal scuttle is correct. Interviewer: Okay. 312: #1 They're collectors items. They're collectors items now. # Interviewer: #2 Alright I {X} # Are they? 312: Oh yes. Interviewer: #1 Well cuz no one uses them anymore # 312: #2 {NW} Yes {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {C: tape noise} # Interviewer: Do you still have one? 312: No. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} What do you call a small {C: tape noise} It's got a little wheel in front and two handles. 312: Uh wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. What do you sharpen a scythe on? {C: tape noise} What kind of stone? 312: Um Oh dear. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: but I can't think what you call them. {NW} Oh uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: That's what I have. 312: Well. Alright. {C: tape noise} Grindstone would be more of a- likely. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if something is {X} 312: A whet stone to my mind would not be the wheel. It would be a stone that you would uh sharpen things on straight. Interviewer: Oh. 312: {X} That way- that's with a whet stone. Interviewer: But a grindstone {X} 312: Grindstone would be round. Yes. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} What do you call the thing that you drive? 312: Car. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} If something in your car is squeaking to lubricate it you have to put not oil but 312: Lubrication? Um uh Interviewer: Well it's a synonym for oil. You cook with it. Bacon 312: grease. Grease. {X} Interviewer: And if grease got all over your hands then you'd say my hands were all 312: greasy. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you had something in your car that was squeaking yesterday you might- you might say I went out and I 312: greased the car. Interviewer: Okay. Thank you. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright and what is the other I already mentioned it but the other stuff besides grease? That you lubricate with? 312: Uh oil. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: Oil. Interviewer: Alright s- 312: Coal oil. Interviewer: Coal oil? 312: That's what we use to call it. Yeah. Kerosene. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: {NW} But ker- coal oil was the old name for it. Interviewer: Is coal oil the same thing as kerosene? 312: Yes. It's the same thing as kerosene. Interviewer: What might you call a makeshift lamp made with a rag, a bottle, and some kerosene? Have you ever seen one of those? 312: {C: tape noise} No. I've heard betty lamps. The little things they used to have in the early days where they had anything else they they w- {NW} a betty lamp. It had wick. Interviewer: Betty like the 312: Betty yes. Betty lamp. It was a flat little thing like this. Uh and it stuck in- it had uh a piece of uh sharp portion. they could stick in the wall or stick in the fireplace. Interviewer: Oh. 312: And they put a little oil in it {C: tape noise} but uh Interviewer: Well now this makeshift lamp {C: tape noise} 312: Well torch would be yes. I wouldn't be- I wouldn't be familiar with torch particularly. Torch is something that that carried Interviewer: #1 Right. {X} # 312: #2 and a long stick. Yes that's it. # And they used I think it in the old days they used to have back uh early they had torch parades. So it's like parades and they carry these things and that was th- that was a torch light parade. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: flambeaus? 312: No. I mean I think I've read it but I've- it's not familiar with me here. Interviewer: Okay. Uh inside the ca- the tire of a car is the inner 312: tube. Interviewer: If they have just built a boat and are going to put it in the water 312: #1 {X} launch it. # Interviewer: #2 you say they're going # Say it again? 312: Launch it. Interviewer: Thank you. {C: tape noise} Uh what kind of boat would you go fishing in on a small lake? 312: Uh row boat. Or canoe. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What's the difference? 312: Well a canoe is a is made of- it's very different construction. It's uh flimsier uh thinner material. A h- row boat is a really very sturdy {C: tape noise} made out of wood. Very sturdy. Interviewer: Is it does it have a rounded or a flat 312: Flat bottom. Interviewer: And uh is the front of it pointed or {X} 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If a woman wants to buy a dress in a certain color {C: tape noise} If she sees a dress that she likes very much and it's very becoming she says that's a very {C: tape noise} 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Well the word is really common. It's used to describe {C: tape noise} 312: I can't think. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Pretty. 312: Oh of course pretty Interviewer: #1 {X} ask it very well. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright supposing you say uh uh my dress is pretty but I think Susie's is even 312: prettier. Interviewer: Okay. What might you wear over your dress to protect it in the kitchen? 312: An apron. Interviewer: Uh you write with a 312: pen. Interviewer: Okay uh when you fasten your baby's diapers you use a 312: safety pin. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh Wh- when you buy soup it usually comes in a 312: can. Interviewer: What kind of can? 312: Tin can. Interviewer: Okay. And how many cents is a dime worth? 312: Ten. Interviewer: Okay. Uh let's see. When you pu- what do you put on when you go outside in the winter time? 312: A coat. Interviewer: Okay and you might say that coat has fancy buttons. {C: tape noise} 312: Uh {NW} Interviewer: well it's important what I was trying to get you to say fancy buttons on it. 312: Oh {NW} On it. {NW} Interviewer: Alright uh when men get especially dressed up they wear between their shirt and their coat they wear a {C: tape noise} 312: Between the shirt and the coat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: A vest. {NS} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh a suit consists of a coat, a vest, and 312: pants. Interviewer: Alright. 312: Or trousers. Whichever you wis- prefer to call it. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Do you use the words interchangeably? 312: Yes. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Uh are there any other names for the the {X} {C: tape noise} 312: Can't think of one. Interviewer: Okay. You might say uh this coat doesn't fit this year. But last year it 312: did fit. {NW} Interviewer: Alright but without using did. {C: tape noise} 312: It didn't. Uh Interviewer: Without using did. Say last year it 312: fitted. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh if your old suit wore- wore out you'd have to buy a 312: new one. Interviewer: A new? 312: Suit. New Interviewer: Yeah that's right just say {X} 312: New suit. A new suit. Interviewer: Thank you. {C: tape noise} If uh it- uh if you stuff a lot of thing in your pockets it makes them 312: bulge. Interviewer: When you wash- let's say you might say this shirt isn't {D: santerized}. I hope it doesn't 312: shrink. Interviewer: The one I washed yesterday 312: did shrink. Interviewer: No we {X} 312: Did not shrink. Interviewer: Not did. The one I washed yesterday 312: shrunk. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Lately it seems that every one I have washed has 312: shrunk. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: When a girl goes out to a party when getting ready you say she likes to {C: tape noise} 312: {X} Interviewer: How about this way. If a girl likes to put on her mother's clothes she likes to 312: dress up. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh what do you call a small leather contai- container with a clasp on it that women carry money in? 312: Pocketbook. Interviewer: Alright. How about something small you might take to church just to carry coins? 312: Uh {X} Purse. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you had something to carry your money in that goes inside your pocketbook or inside your purse what would that be called? {X} 312: Wallet. {NW} Interviewer: Would you ever call it a bill fold? 312: Yes. Either one. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the piece of jewelry that a woman wears around her 312: bracelet. Interviewer: What do you call uh what you have around your neck? 312: Uh uh necklace. Interviewer: Alright supposing it were beads. You'd say it's a 312: a bead uh Interviewer: A something of beads. 312: Uh uh ch- uh uh a bead chain no uh Interviewer: Or something of pearls. {C: tape noise} 312: Uh {C: tape noise} necklace of pearls. Interviewer: Alright would y- have you ever heard this expression a pair of beads? 312: No. Interviewer: Alright or string? 312: String. Interviewer: Okay. What do men wear to hold up their trousers here 312: Uh uh uh {NW} I know what it's called. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Mm. 312: Uh Not braces. That is a name for it but that's not what we would call it. Uh suspenders. Interviewer: Alright. Have you ever heard of galluses? 312: Yes I have heard of galluses too. Interviewer: Alright uh who says galluses? Have any idea? {C: very softly} 312: Country people. Interviewer: Do they? 312: Yeah. {C: laughing} should think so. Interviewer: What do you hold over you when it rains? 312: An umbrella. Interviewer: What is the last thing you put on the bed when you make it? {C: tape noise} Thing that goes on top. 312: Oh a spread. Interviewer: Alright. What do you put at the head of the bed that 312: A pillow. Interviewer: Alright. Uh D- uh do you remember ever using anything if you had a double bed this would be like a really long pillow. 312: Uh a bolster. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now you might say that bolster didn't go partway across the bed. It went 312: all the way. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What did you put on a bed for warmth? 312: A blanket or a spread or not a spread but uh comforter Interviewer: How about the one that ladies get together and make? 312: Uh uh a quilt. Interviewer: Okay. Is there a difference between a comforter and a blanket? 312: Yes. A comforter is a thing with t- uh cotton in between. Interviewer: Ah. 312: And it's quilted. I should think. Something like that uh Interviewer: #1 And how is it different from a quilt? # 312: #2 Not # It's well It's near th- th- the pro- same- about the same as a quilt. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Might be a little thicker than a quilt. Interviewer: What do you call a makeshift sleeping place down on the floor that children especially like to sleep {X}? 312: Uh pallet. Interviewer: Okay. And what was that What would you make one of those out of? 312: Just put a uh well it could use a- a mattress of some kind. A pad. Interviewer: And is that what people did when they had a lot a' company? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Uh wh- when you're soil is very very good for growing you say it's very 312: rich. Interviewer: Alright. Give me another word? 312: Uh {C: tape noise} Mm I can't think right now. Interviewer: It- uh would {C: tape noise} oh it can be- it can be applied to anything that reproduces. 312: Oh uh uh {C: tape noise} {NW} {C: tape noise} I can't think. It's {C: tape noise} I- I- I know it should be but it- it's gone. Interviewer: Well alright uh manure is used. 312: Well there of course Interviewer: {X} 312: Uh Interviewer: {X} 312: Hmm. I don't know. Interviewer: I don't wanna say it for you. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh 312: {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: I'll spell it. F-E-R-T-I-L-E. 312: Oh fertilized. Interviewer: #1 Yes. Okay. # 312: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What is the land called It's low land. It goes along the stream and it's uh overflowed if the stream rises and overflows it in the spring then it goes back down and you plow it and it's real rich. 312: It's bottom land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 312: Yeah. Interviewer: What's a word for low lying grass land? 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. How about for a field that might be good for nothing other than raising grass, clover {C: pronunciation} clover or alfalfa? 312: Mm I don't know what it would be called. Interviewer: Okay. You- you may not have names for it cuz you're not a {C: tape noise} Okay what about the land that uh {NS} has water standing in it {C: tape noise} for a good part of the time? 312: It's uh I don't Interviewer: It's the Okefenokee {C: tape noise} How about the place where salt hay grows along the sea? 312: I don't know. I- I should I think but I don't remember. Interviewer: Marshes? 312: Marsh land. Interviewer: Okay. What is a Alright some people say that this is very poor and sandy soil. Other people say it's good soil but it's the same word. And usually when I think of it I think of soil that's part sand and part clay and not very good for growing anything. 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Would you call it- have you ever heard of loam? 312: I have heard of loam yes but I do- uh that's not particularly familiar to me. Interviewer: Okay. Um if they're getting water off the marshes you say they are doing what to the land? 312: Draining it. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What would you call a deep narrow valley that's cut by a stream of water {C: tape noise} 312: Oh a pond. Interviewer: #1 Well {X} but this is- this is # 312: #2 {X} # Interviewer: long. 312: Oh. Interviewer: A stream, kinda. 312: I don't know. {C: tape noise} not particularly have water. Interviewer: Oh it doesn't? 312: No. {C: tape noise} Yes probably. {C: tape noise} deep Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Uh narrow {D: cleft} {C: tape noise} but it doesn't necessarily have water to my mind. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. I'll remember that. 312: {NW} Interviewer: {X} It's probably true. {C: tape noise} If there's been a heavy rainfall {C: tape noise} 312: Mm I don't know. Interviewer: Alright would you call it a gully? 312: Yes that's right. Gully. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright what- what is your first- the first word that comes to your mind for a small stream of water? 312: {D: A creek.} Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Is there anything smaller than a creek? 312: A s- uh uh brook. Interviewer: Anything smaller than a brook? 312: Stream. Interviewer: Or is a stream bigger? 312: stream is bigger yes. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: well you said stream so between a stream and a river in size? {C: tape noise} 312: No a creek is between I would say. Between a river and a stream. Interviewer: So it goes river creek stream brook? 312: No brook would be small. Interviewer: That's what I'm doing. I'm going from #1 big to small. # 312: #2 Oh yeah big small yes. I should # Interviewer: River is the biggest 312: river's the biggest. Interviewer: The creek? Or {X} 312: Then creek. Interviewer: Okay. Then stream 312: stream and then brook. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 {NW} I just wanted to {X} # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: If you have- say you have two streams that come together and make a third big one what do you call those two? {C: tape noise} In relation to the big one I guess. {C: tape noise} 312: Well it'd all be rivers possibly. It could be. Interviewer: Alright the two- but the two smaller ones are called what of the big one? 312: Tributary? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Yeah. Tributary. Interviewer: Would you call 'em forks too? 312: Forks yes it would be a fork. Interviewer: Alright what do you call a very small rise in the land? 312: A hill. Interviewer: Is there anything smaller? 312: Uh I can't think {X} I tell ya See I when you get my age you {NW} you forget- I mean names don't come to you very quickly. In a little while I will think of that but {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Now this is the truth. You have had less trouble coming up with these words than anybody else {X} 312: Really? #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's the truth. # 312: #1 Well I'm so glad to know it because I feel that I'm just # Interviewer: #2 Really. # I interviewed a nineteen year old girl yesterday and she- maybe she's just kind of uh not very intelligent but she just had to sit and think on 312: #1 Well it's # Interviewer: #2 every word # 312: that's- I find that that is true in old age that s- that names do not come to you as quickly as they might. I- in a little while I'll think of that Interviewer: #1 Okay y- I'm sure you will. # 312: #2 you know. But it's uh # #1 {NW} doesn't come back {X} # Interviewer: #2 As far as I can tell # you're not doing badly at all 312: Well I'm glad to know it. {NW} Interviewer: I'm just shooting these questions at you and changing the subject all the time and I don't blame you. 312: {NW} Interviewer: And that's just how they're arranged. 312: Mm. Interviewer: Uh and I also want to ask you do you have any streams or creeks in this neighborhood? 312: Well there's a little stream down at the foot of this back here in the in- the foot of this uh land back there. It drops down in there and there is a little stream Interviewer: #1 Does it have a name? # 312: #2 down there. # I think it's- I'm not sure but I think it's a part of what is {X} known as sugar tree creek. {C: tape noise} that runs back through all this property back in here and I'm not certain but I think that's part of it. Interviewer: Okay. Are there any others that you know about that {X} 312: Uh down well over on Harding road down here a little further is uh Richland creek. That's a good size creek. It runs through there. Interviewer: Harding road goes over it. 312: Harding road is the one that you come out from town uh right here t- actually here. I told you the other day that you find uh business p- all the business stuff over across the way. That's Harding #1 road. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 312: That road there that you cross. Interviewer: Alright. I remember. 312: And there is a Richland creek that crosses Harding road down below here out there a way. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Richland? 312: #1 Richland creek yes. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh Alright what do you call the thing you turn to open a door? 312: Um um knob. Door knob. Interviewer: Is there any kind of land that's uh called 312: knob yes. Interviewer: And what is that? 312: Oh well it's uh a hill kind of a roundish hill as I {X} oh well no not necessarily. We have out here hills {C: tape noise} They are low hills. Interviewer: Are they smaller than hills generally? 312: Uh yes I should think. They're not big tall hills. They are- they are rim Nashville these knobs around us here. And they are hills but not very tall hills. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay and how do you What- what would be the difference to you between a knob and a knoll? 312: #1 Uh {X} know # Interviewer: #2 Or is there any difference? # 312: I don't know. I don't know. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: very very large much larger than a hill? 312: Mountain. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the rocky side of a mountain that just drops straight off? 312: Uh bluff. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} Any other words? 312: Well it- I'm sure there are. Interviewer: I mean that you would call. 312: No I can't think. A bluff would be Interviewer: So you'd- you would say be careful don't fall off the 312: {X} bluff. {C: tape noise} {NW} Interviewer: Up in the mountains where the road goes across a low place you would call that a 312: uh {X} uh uh {C: tape noise} Well a notch or notch would be one word. Interviewer: Or a gap? 312: Gap. It'd be more likely that we would call it. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What do you call a place uh where boats stop {C: tape noise} 312: R- a wharf. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Uh What do you call a kind of white hard paved road like city sidewalks? What's it made out of? 312: Uh concrete.{C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Uh Any other words for concrete? 312: Uh yes I'm sure there are. Uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay fine. {C: tape noise} say you're not in the city but you're up in the suburbs or in the country. What would you call a little road that goes off the main road? 312: Uh gravel road. Interviewer: Alright. Uh Supposing you came to a man's farm down the main road and you came to the turn off going down to his house. What would you call that? {C: tape noise} 312: Uh {X} I don't know. {C: tape noise} A lane? Interviewer: Okay. Or a driveway maybe? 312: Yes. Interviewer: What about uh 312: If it went directly into his place it'd be a driveway. Otherwise it might be a lane going to his property. Interviewer: That other people might 312: Yes. Interviewer: share? 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What if it were a big plantation with a long tree lined pathway leading up to the entrance. Would that {X} 312: Driveway. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the thing along the side of the street that people walk on? 312: A sidewalk. Interviewer: Okay. If you were walking along the road and a dog jumps out at you and scares you {C: tape noise} 312: A stick. Interviewer: Okay. What would you say you did with the stick? 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright but what would you say you did with it? 312: Oh. Interviewer: Yesterday say. 312: I threw it. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} If you go to somebody's house and he is not there the person who answers the door says I'm sorry. He's not 312: in. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about if they were going to use the word h- home how would they say 312: Not at home. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Now then if you're uh having coffee uh would you {C: tape noise} D- do you have any special names for {C: tape noise} 312: No I do not. Interviewer: How- well how would you say 312: Black. You could have it black. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 That's the only thing that I would # Interviewer: Have you ever heard of bare footed coffee? 312: No. Never. {NW} Interviewer: I think that's cute. 312: {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: I drink it 312: with milk. Interviewer: Alright. Uh If you don't- if you don't have uh milk in your tea you say I drink it {C: tape noise} 312: Uh without milk. {NW} Interviewer: Alright if someone is not going away from you you say he's coming straight {C: tape noise} If you saw someone you haven't seen for quite a while you might say {C: tape noise} 312: {X} Interviewer: Oh no I'm sorry. If you saw him and you're telling me about it 312: Oh. Interviewer: You'd say well just this morning I 312: I thought of you. No th- uh Wait a minute now. I don't Interviewer: Alright well the other person we commenting is Ms. Cornelius so supposing you saw her this morning. You hadn't seen her for a long time you might say to me well just this morning I ran 312: Ran into her. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: If a child is given the same name that his father has {C: tape noise} 312: Junior. Or Interviewer: Or {C: tape noise} 312: for his father. Interviewer: Right. {NS} Uh what do you call the kind of animal that barks? 312: A dog.{C: distorted pitch from here till end} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} You wanted your d- if you had your dog trained to attack somebody else what might you say to it to make 'em do it? {C: distorted pitch} {C: tape noise} Do you know what it calls?{C: distorted pitch} 312: No I do not.{C: distorted pitch} Interviewer: Alright.{C: distorted pitch} What would you call a mixed breed dog?{C: distorted pitch} 312: Uh a {D: cur}.{C: distorted pitch} Interviewer: Okay.{C: distorted pitch} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: a baby calf makes when it's being weaned? 312: Uh Sheep would bleat. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 312: Uh but a calf I don't know. I don't remember what a calf would Interviewer: Would you say it bawls? Or 312: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 blares? # 312: Bawls. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Bawls. Interviewer: What is a gentle noise that a cow makes? 312: I don't know that either. Interviewer: Well moo any 312: Moo of course. Interviewer: #1 Alright have you ever heard of a cow lowing? # 312: #2 That's it. # Yes. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} What're some noises that uh horses make? 312: Neigh. Interviewer: And how about one that's a little gentler? A little quieter? 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Whinny? 312: Whinny of course yes. Whinny. Interviewer: Okay. A hen on a nest of eggs is called a 312: brooding hen. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what is the name of the place where the hens- where all the chickens live? 312: Hen house. Interviewer: #1 Or a chicken # 312: #2 Or a hen yard. # Chicken yard. Chicken house. Interviewer: Another word besides yard or house? Begins with C. Chicken c- 312: coop. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 312: Chicken coop we would say. Interviewer: Alright which- which way do you say? 312: Coop. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Coop. {NW} Interviewer: Why did- why did you say coop {C: pronunciation} then? 312: Well I don't know. But {NW} maybe you'd I don't know. Oh you didn't say it. Interviewer: Mm-mm. 312: But uh coop is what we would say. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 312: #2 {X} we'd say Cooper # The name Cooper. We don't say Cooper {C: pronunciation}. Interviewer: Oh. 312: You see we say Cooper. Interviewer: Cooper. 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. When eating a chicken what do you call the part that you break apart? The bone that you pull? 312: Oh uh uh wishbone. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Did you have a special name for the larger piece and the smaller piece? 312: No. Interviewer: Which piece got the wish? 312: This larger piece got the wish as I remember. Interviewer: That's what I think too but about half the people 312: #1 I think it's the larger piece. # Interviewer: #2 I interview say the smaller. # 312: I think so. Interviewer: I get about fifty {X} 312: {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What do you call the inside parts of a chicken that you eat? The liver and heart and gizzard 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: the en- uh not e- that's not uh the uh {NW} Uh uh Oh I can't brain's gone on that. Interviewer: You were saying- you were about to say entrails. 312: Uh entrails would be the that would not be the Interviewer: #1 That wouldn't be {X} Oh that's right. # 312: #2 the part that you eat. No. # No. Interviewer: Have you heard harslet or haslet? 312: No. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 312: #2 Give me another one. # Interviewer: How about that that part of the hog? Sometimes um you eat it sometimes you stuff sausage in it. 312: Oh uh I know what it's called but I can't think. Interviewer: Chit-? 312: Well Chit- chitterlings is- is uh part that they eat. I mean that's what's left as I remember when they make lard these little pieces that are in the lard that they drain off are chitterlings as I remember. That's Interviewer: But that wasn't something you ate. 312: Yes you did. They do eat it. Interviewer: You {D: though}. 312: I don't. Interviewer: Okay. 312: But {NW} no I didn't. But bunch a' people do. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What are some uh When- let's say you're out there on the farm and your- all your cows are way out there in the pasture 312: {NW} Interviewer: what would you holler at 'em to make 'em come back? 312: {NW} I don't know. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Oh you must know. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You have no calls for cows 312: #1 No I have no calls for # Interviewer: #2 just {X} # 312: cows. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: How about to make 'em stand still so they're easier to milk? 312: Uh Interviewer: I gather you didn't do a whole lot a' 312: #1 I didn't. I didn't # Interviewer: #2 cow milking in your day. # 312: do any Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 312: #2 cow milking. # Though I think I have heard things but I can't remember what they were. Interviewer: Alright how about calling uh calves? 312: I- I don't call calves. {NW} Interviewer: How about when you're- alright when y- you're driving horses and you wanna tell 'em to go left or right. Do you remember that? 312: Yee and haw? No that's {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: That might be right {X} yeehaw. 312: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Don't remember? 312: Mm-mm. I didn't call 'em. I just indicated with my blinds as to what I wanted 'em to do. Interviewer: Okay then you 312: #1 I didn't ca- # Interviewer: #2 {X} you've never had to say anything? # 312: No I didn't call 'em. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: Get up. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What would you say to stop him? 312: Whoa. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay now they have contests with this stuff on T-V. How do you call hogs? 312: I don't know. I've heard them. Interviewer: Have you- have you ever seen a hog calling contest 312: #1 Yes I have. Yes I have. # Interviewer: #2 on T-V? {X} funny. # But you can't think of the sounds they make? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. Sheep? Calling sheep? 312: No. Interviewer: Calling chickens? 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: Well chickens. Mm. I don't remember. I know there is a something that you do for calling chickens but I can't think what it is. Interviewer: Say uh you wanna get your horses ready to go somewhere. You say I want to Or I have to 312: Uh Uh Interviewer: It means putting the saddle on and 312: #1 Oh uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 312: Harness them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Okay uh {C: tape noise} You were talking about the lines to the horses before when you were sitting in the 312: #1 Reins. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Alright what's the difference between lines and reins? 312: I think the same thing. Interviewer: Is there any difference whether you're sitting on the horse or sitting in a buggy? 312: Uh. Interviewer: As to what you'd call 'em? {NS} 312: Uh reins uh in the buggy. And a bridle is on the horse. Interviewer: I see. Okay. When you're riding on the horse 312: #1 Yes it's a bridle. # Interviewer: #2 yourself # Alright and what do you put your feet into? 312: Stirrups. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: what do you call the one on the left? 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Would you call him the lead horse? 312: #1 I don't know which one is it- I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Or {X} # Have you ever heard of a lead horse? 312: I've heard of a lead horse. Yes. Interviewer: Okay. If something isn't right here at hand you say it's just a little {C: tape noise} 312: Over there? Around the corner? {NW} Interviewer: Okay um It's a well you usually use it with the word little. Say it's a little wi-? 312: little way. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say a little way or a little ways 312: A little way or {C: tape noise} Interviewer: If you've been traveling and you haven't {C: tape noise} 312: way to go. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} If something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a special place you'd- you would say well you can find that just about 312: {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. If somebody slipped on the ice and fell this way you'd say he fell 312: back. Interviewer: Okay uh a longer word than that. {C: tape noise} 312: Forward. Interviewer: And he fell this way {X} 312: Backward. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Interviewer: Uh {C: tape noise} trenches cut by a plow? In even {X} 312: Furrows. Interviewer: Okay. If you have a good yield you say we raised a big 312: crop. Interviewer: If you got rid of all the brush and trees on the land you'd say you did what to the 312: Cleared the land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Alright now what do you call the old dry dead grass that is left over on the ground in the spring? {C: tape noise} 312: Hay. Of straw. Interviewer: Alright but a what of straw? 312: A rick? Uh uh uh s- {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 Well have you heard it # 312: #2 No. # Interviewer: called a second cutting? 312: No I n- I haven't. I think- I'm not a farmer though I- Interviewer: I know. 312: {NW} Interviewer: #1 I'm just trying to think what you have heard of {X} # 312: #2 Yeah. I don't- I don't remember # set uh stec- uh second cutting. Interviewer: How about a {D: ladder math or} #1 {X} # 312: #2 No. No. # Interviewer: Rowan? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. Wheat is tied up into? 312: Shocks. Interviewer: Alright. Can you think of another word? There's a hymn. {C: tape noise} 312: sheaves. Interviewer: Okay. Ah now here we have shock. This says 312: Shock is more likely for corn. Interviewer: Would you put sheaves- would you pile sheaves up into a shock? 312: No. Interviewer: #1 No you wouldn't do it that way? # 312: #2 No. # No. Interviewer: Okay. S- so sheaf is wheat and shock is corn? 312: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: Alright what do you call a big measurement of wheat like this in a basket? 312: I don't know. Interviewer: You can usually get forty of these to a {X} 312: Bushel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Bushel? {NS} Interviewer: What do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of 'em? The good from the bad? 312: Winnow? {C: tape noise} I don't know. Interviewer: Alright there's a particular word I want you to say. Um It's also- you can when you have a bad child you say you be- you better be careful or I'm gonna 312: Whip you? {NW} Interviewer: Like whip or spank. 312: Uh Interviewer: Begins with T-H. 312: I can't- I don't know. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Mm. 312: Thrash. Interviewer: Yes. {C: whispering} 312: Thrash. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh If you're comparing how tall you are you and another person are you say he is not as tall as 312: I am. Interviewer: Okay. Comparing how tall you are you might say I'm not as 312: tall as he. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh If a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you might say two miles is 312: enough? Interviewer: Well he could You're saying he c- if he could only go two miles you'd say two miles is 312: Mm I don't know. what would you Interviewer: Well using farthest or furthest {C: tape noise} 312: Two miles is far enough. Uh I- I don't Interviewer: Okay that's good enough. 312: {X} Interviewer: I'm looking for two miles is the farthest {C: tape noise} 312: Well Interviewer: #1 All the farther you could go? # 312: #2 two # No. Two miles is the farthest he would go would be more likely what I would say. Interviewer: Okay. If something belongs to me you'd say it's 312: yours. Interviewer: Alright. If it belongs to both of us you say it's 312: ours. Interviewer: If it belongs to them it's 312: belongs to them. Interviewer: No but it's {C: tape noise} 312: theirs. Interviewer: Okay. If it belongs to him it's 312: his. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 312: #2 If it belongs to her # it's hers. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: people at a party might say If you wanna know about them and then they had a phrases without saying it {D: themself}. 312: Uh Interviewer: Uh Well you wanna know who had been there {C: tape noise} so you say How would you ask that? 312: Who was at the party? Interviewer: {X} Would you ever say who all was there? 312: No I don't think I would. Interviewer: Okay. Uh If no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for 312: for themselves. Interviewer: Okay. And if no one else will do it for 'em you say he'd better just go ahead and do it 312: do it himself. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What is made of flour baked in loaves? 312: Bread. Interviewer: When it's made to ride with yea- rise with yeast you might call it 312: Uh Uh {C: tape noise} I don't know. Yeast- no. Uh {C: tape noise} I- I can't think at the moment. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what are some different kinds of bread? 312: Well there's uh loaf bread uh {C: tape noise} I can't think what you want me to say. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh okay. That's- no that's fine. Just some different kinds of bread. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright there- there are two basic kinds of bread however. The kind you make at home 312: and the kind you buy in the store. Interviewer: Alright. So 312: A loaf. Interviewer: Home made bread and 312: and uh Interviewer: If you're gonna describe the kind you buy at the store you'd say it's 312: Loaf of bread. Interviewer: #1 Well # 312: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Uh Interviewer: There are two kinds of bread. The home made bread and the kind you buy at the store called 312: Not store bought. I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: #1 You wouldn't? That's what I say. Store bought bread. # 312: #2 {NW} # Uh no I just would buy bread in the store. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Um What is baked what is baked in a large cake made of cornmeal? 312: Corn bread. Interviewer: Okay. What- are there more than one kind of corn bread? 312: Yes. There are a number of kinds of corn bread. There's a l- uh uh corn sticks, corn muffins corn pones. Interviewer: Now what are corn pones? 312: Corn pones were the old fashioned. We don't see those very much but it was corn bread made with just boiling water and lard and salt. Interviewer: Ah. 312: Nothing else. And you make it in little loaf with your hand and put it in- bake it in the stove and it's perfectly delicious. Interviewer: Oh is it good? 312: Yes. Very good. You have to have a very hot stove to do it. You see it has to brown on the outside, I mean get real brown on the outside and then it's salted {C: tape noise} And then there is a hoe cake {C: tape noise} which is made of the same kind of cornmeal only flat and on a skillet. {C: tape noise} turned over {X} baked on top of the stove. That's very good too. That's a hoe cake. Interviewer: A hoe cake. Now does either of these a little bit of onion or green pepper 312: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 mixed in 'em? # 312: No. Interviewer: Can you think of what that is? 312: That is a uh I should think uh They're used with fish. Now that's made with fish. Uh hush puppies. Interviewer: Oh yeah that's right. 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay do you know what a corn dodger is? 312: Well it's- it's the same sort of thing as a corn uh hoe cake I- I imagine. I don't know but I think that's- but we don't call them that. Corn dodgers here. Interviewer: Okay. Okay I think we quit here. It's a good stopping place. 312: #1 Yes that's a good stopping place. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 312: #1 {C: tape noise} # Interviewer: #2 # {NW} {C: tape noise} 312: I wanna get something straightened out before we get started. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 {D: I remember} # On my You asked me about the education my families and so forth the other day. Uh you know my grandmother's brothers my grandmother's father I told you was the book man that had the book store and so forth Well he of course made a quite a bit of money back then before the Civil War cuz he furnished libraries for all the {X} in the south and {X} paper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: very softly} 312: But- and so he sent his uh oldest son the one up there in that little frame with the little doors was- went into the- he went to the university of Nashville and then he went into the Civil- Civil War into the Confederate Army {C: tape noise} and died there when he was just twenty-one. Then the second son he sent to Yale. and that was in sixty {C: tape noise} four I guess. And he graduated from Yale in sixty-eight. Then the third son was just the- and just before the end of the Civil War my grandfather took him up to try to get a appointment for him into the navy. And they went to Washington just before uh W- Lincoln was assassinated. To see Lincoln because my grandfather knew Johnson who was the vice president you see. And Lincoln couldn't see them that day and they went onto New York and while they went- and were coming back and they while they were in New York Lincoln was assassinated. And so when they came back to Washington that was- my uncle said that was the first official act of Johnson's was to appoint him to the naval academy. Interviewer: #1 Oh he- oh # 312: #2 So he # Interviewer: {NW} 312: he graduated in eighteen sixty-eight. Sixty-nine. And uh and retired as a rear admiral in nineteen ten. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Oh. 312: #1 Then # Interviewer: #2 That's a long service. # 312: #1 Well that was for- # Interviewer: #2 That's forty years. # 312: Forty- no. Yes that was yes. Then uh my older sister the girls in the family my grandmother all went to the Nashville female academy which was a very famous girls school here. {C: tape noise} And uh {C: tape noise} generation they didn't have any money. You see. All the- well after the war everybody was strapped and they went to the public schools. I went to a private school. And my daughter graduated Vanderbilt university. So that's the story. Interviewer: {NW} 312: got another thing I found out I remembered what uh cord of wood. Interviewer: Oh #1 that's right. # 312: #2 A cord of wood is # four feet eight by eight feet. If they pile it up and that's the way they they uh {NS} Interviewer: Wonder if I can find that. {NS} A cord. 312: #1 Cord. Mm-hmm yeah {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah I've heard that. # 312: my brain wouldn't work the other day. {X} {NW} And another thing I remembered was games. You know you were asking me about game. The one thing was hopscotch. Interviewer: #1 Oh that's right. # 312: #2 {X} # And skating. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 312: #2 Roller skate. # They had uh in my neighborhood they only had one sidewalk that was concrete uh cement and that- we skated on that. I knew it was {D: just a word that people today} whose house it was by. The rest of 'em are all brick. Interviewer: #1 And you couldn't roller skate on them? # 312: #2 {X} # Well it was Interviewer: #1 Slick? # 312: #2 not easy. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {C: tape noise} # No it was rough. Interviewer: Oh I guess so {C: tape noise} 312: But they're just two other things that I remember. Interviewer: Okay thanks. {C: tape noise} Uh Well yesterday we were talking about bread corn bread 312: #1 Yes yes. # Interviewer: #2 stuff like that. # Okay. What do you call the things that you make up for a batter and you fry 'em and they're big and round? 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 For breakfast. # 312: uh batter cakes we call 'em. Interviewer: Oh did you? 312: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} 312: pancakes. They'd- I'd calling them that in later years because they get it from out of {NW} television and books. Interviewer: Right. 312: But batter cakes is the name for it. Interviewer: made out of wheat flour? 312: Uh no. Some were made out a' corn. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: I bet they were. 312: They were. Corn cakes. Corn cakes Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Alright uh {NW} excuse me. {C: tape noise} flour you buy it in certain measurements. What are those? Not ounces but 312: Uh ba- uh uh uh sack? I mean uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: A weight. 312: Oh a weight. Interviewer: I wanna buy two 312: pounds Interviewer: Okay. 312: of flour. Interviewer: What do you use to make the bread rise? 312: Oh yeast. Interviewer: Okay ever heard it called anything else? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} What do you call uh {C: tape noise} the thing that the hen lays? 312: Eggs. Interviewer: Alright. What's the inside part called? 312: Yolk. Interviewer: Uh did y- di- have you ever heard the yolk called anything else? {C: tape noise} Uh if you were going to if you'd heated up some water and you crack an egg into it what kind a' egg is that? 312: Uh {C: tape noise} poached. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you heard of that called dropped eggs? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} What is a- what do you call fat salt pork? {C: tape noise} 312: Oh. {C: tape noise} I can't think. There is a name. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Well how about side meat? {C: tape noise} 312: Well of course I know it we wouldn't Interviewer: #1 Oh okay. # 312: #2 say that. # Interviewer: Have you heard that though? 312: No I #1 never have. # Interviewer: #2 Oh oh okay. # 312: That's just something that I'm sure that we would never Interviewer: Okay. {NW} How about white meat? {C: tape noise} 312: No. Interviewer: {X} ham. Or white bacon. 312: Well it's just- just bacon. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: Um Interviewer: {NW} 312: Boiling bacon. Interviewer: Oh. 312: That's what we'd call Interviewer: Oh {C: tape noise} 312: boiling bacon. I knew there was a name for it. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the outside part of bacon? 312: Rind. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Ever call it the skin? {C: tape noise} cuts up the meat for you? 312: Uh butcher. Interviewer: Alright. If the meat has been kept too long you might say the meat has done what? {C: tape noise} If you kept it be- to beyond the point where you could eat it. {C: tape noise} 312: It's spoiled. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Have you heard of when you butcher a hog uh some people make- make something with the meat from its head? {C: tape noise} 312: I don't know. I'm not familiar- I know- I know there is something but I can't Interviewer: Have you heard of souse? 312: Yeah souse. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Yes that's right. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called head cheese? 312: No- {X} I've read of it but not- uh that's not a colloquial thing {X} Interviewer: #1 Around here they say souse? # 312: #2 Around here no. # Interviewer: But they do say souse? 312: Yeah. Souse is something that I know. Interviewer: {NW} Have you heard of a dish that's uh prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver? 312: No. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about the juice of um souse or liver sausage and stirred up with cornmeal? 312: No I don't know that. Interviewer: Have you heard of scrapple? 312: Uh I've heard of it yes. Never eaten it but I've heard of it. Interviewer: Okay. Supposing you keep butter too long outside the refrigerator and it doesn't taste good any more. How would you describe its condition? 312: Mm. Interviewer: The butter is 312: Uh spoiled. #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 312: I- I don't know. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Would you ever say it's rancid? 312: Yes. You would. Rancid is right. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call thick sour milk that you just keep out? 312: Ah uh uh {C: tape noise} Uh Clabber. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: And what's the cheese that's made from that? 312: Uh uh cottage cheese. Interviewer: Alright. You ever hear it called anything else? 312: It seems to me that I had some German friends that called it something else and I can't think what it was. Uh Well now I don't- I can't remember but I know that they did make something that they called uh out of that. I- they did it. I used to see 'em Interviewer: #1 Would they have called it smear cheese? # 312: #2 hang it. # Yeah. Smearcase they called it. Interviewer: Right. 312: Smearcase. See it was these German neighbors of mine. Smearcase. That was what they made and they hung it in a bag and it dripped {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Neat. Oh I like it. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 312: Smearcase. Interviewer: Okay thanks. That's good. {C: tape noise} Alright what's a dessert that's baked in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on top? 312: Uh apple {C: tape noise} I don't like it. {C: tape noise} {NW} Oh I know what it {C: tape noise} We had it down here in the dining room all the time and I don't eat it. Interviewer: How does that work? Do you have a choice of eating in the dining room or eating here? 312: No. I- well I can. I mean I have a choice but I've already paid for eating in the dining room. Interviewer: Three meals a day? 312: Three meals a day. Interviewer: #1 Oh okay I see. # 312: #2 But I- and # I don't- I don't eat breakfast down there. I have a choice. I eat it here. Interviewer: Do you have to pay for all the meals? 312: #1 But you have to pay for all the meals. # Interviewer: #2 the meals {X} # I see. But usually you have breakfast up here? 312: Yes I have. Interviewer: But that's nice to have a kitchenette. 312: Yeah I have a kitchen so Interviewer: That's 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 great. # 312: Apple dumplings is one thing. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about apple cobbler? 312: Yes. That's another. Interviewer: Are they the same thing or not? 312: Uh I'm not sure. Uh n- no I think a dumpling is made with dough that's pulled up put the apples in and then pull it up and Interviewer: Oh 312: you see. It's a round kind of thing. Interviewer: It looks like a chicken of dumplings. 312: Yes and {C: tape noise} sort of Interviewer: Oh that's cute. 312: But the- the dough {C: tape noise} squeezed up at the top so that it would hold together. And they- but a uh cobbler I think would be made in a deep dish. Kind of a deep dish pie. That sort of thing. Interviewer: And how about apple pandowdy? 312: I- that I'm not familiar with. We don't have that here. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. What do you call um a sweet liquid that you might pour over pudding or pie? 312: Syrup? Interviewer: Okay. How about something that you put on spaghetti? 312: Uh s- uh uh sauce uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: #1 Yeah that's right. Sauce. # Interviewer: #2 Okay that's fine. # Would you ever call it sauce when you put it on pie? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. Well would you call it something else {X}? Some people put milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg. 312: Oh that's uh uh that's uh hard sauce. Interviewer: It's what? 312: Hard sauce. Interviewer: Why is it called hard? 312: That's- it's hard. Interviewer: #1 {D: oh it doesn't} # 312: #2 It's- it's stiff. # Interviewer: #1 Oh. How is it stiff then? # 312: #2 It's stiff. It's uh # Well it's uh sugar and butter Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 312: #2 You put in the refrigerator you see # and it's stiff. And you put it on these things. It's hard sauce. That's what we call it. {C: tape noise} Mm-hmm. It's butter. It's mostly butter and- and sugar. Interviewer: And it's used to put on top of pie? 312: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Oh. Alright. Uh food that you eat between regular meals you call 312: snack. Interviewer: Okay. Mm what do people drink for breakfast? 312: {X} juice? Interviewer: Alright. The hot stuff. 312: Oh coffee. Interviewer: Alright. 312: #1 I don't. # Interviewer: #2 {D: How do you make} # Oh you don't? 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # But do some people drink it? 312: Yeah some people do. {NW} Interviewer: And um how's- what do you- how do you make coffee? 312: Well uh {C: tape noise} the way you make it now you just use instant coffee. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright but if you're making 312: If you made- you made it in a drip pot or a percolator. Interviewer: Okay and what do you 312: #1 You put a spoonful # Interviewer: #2 what do you do to it? # 312: for each cup and one for the pot. Interviewer: That's right yeah. 312: {NW} Interviewer: #1 I always thought that was cute. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And what do you call the heating up process? What's the word for that? You {C: tape noise} 312: Boil it. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what do you drink out of? 312: A cup. Interviewer: Or 312: Glass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what do you drink if you're just thirsty? {C: tape noise} Okay. You might say the glass of water fell off the sink and 312: broke. Interviewer: Alright. You might say {C: tape noise} 312: I didn't spill it. Interviewer: #1 I didn't # 312: #2 I didn't # break it. {NW} Interviewer: Someone else has 312: broken it. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: We'll ask another- another question like that. If I asked you how much did you drink you might say I 312: I drank. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} me well how much have you {C: tape noise} When dinner is on the table and the family is standing around waiting to begin what do you say to them? {C: tape noise} 312: Sit down. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard somebody say draw up? 312: No that's not familiar. No that's not {C: tape noise} Interviewer: until the potatoes are already passed you just say well {C: tape noise} Uh You would say if um you want somebody to take some food that's being passed say 312: Would you ha- uh would you have so and so. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and what's another way to say uh {C: tape noise} {X} just get some for yourself. What's a nicer way to 312: Help yourself. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So you'd say he went ahead and 312: helped himself. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: So if he had already 312: helped himself. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright what {C: tape noise} If you're in a polite uh company and you decide that you don't want to eat something you say {C: tape noise} 312: care for this. Interviewer: Alright. Now then if you're among intimate friends {C: tape noise} 312: {NW} Interviewer: If food has been cooked and served a second time you say it's been 312: warmed over. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright you put your food in your mouth and then you {C: tape noise} 312: chew. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call a dish made out of boiled Indian meal and some kind of liquid? Milk or water. 312: Well there is uh {NS} dish called {C: tape noise} It's not something that we use particularly. Mm. {C: tape noise} bread. {C: tape noise} Spoon bread? {C: tape noise} Interviewer: could be spoon bread. I'm not sure. 312: They do have spoon bread. Interviewer: What- what is spoon bread? 312: It's made out of meal. Interviewer: It is? 312: Uh-huh. {C: tape noise} That is a name though that's not familiar to me. Yeah I know that could be. Interviewer: Is it the same as spoon bread? 312: Uh spoon bread is baked inside the stove. Now I'm not sure whether that's the same Interviewer: #1 This is boiled. # 312: #2 thing or not. # No. I don't- I n- uh I'm not familiar with mush. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 But I know what- # about what it is. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call peas, beets, okra, corn 312: Vegetables. Interviewer: Alright. You would- you grow them in a 312: garden. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh {C: tape noise} Let's see. What is that particularly southern food that's often served with uh bacon and eggs? It's made out of ground {C: tape noise} 312: Oh white- uh uh corn on the cob Interviewer: No this is for breakfast. 312: Oh breakfast. Interviewer: It's ground up. And it's white. 312: Oh oh uh Uh cream of wheat uh something li- uh Interviewer: #1 Uh it's more southern than that. # 312: #2 that's what # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Made out of wheat? Interviewer: No it's made out a' corn. 312: Corn. {C: tape noise} I can't Interviewer: It looks exactly like cream of wheat but it's not. It's southern. And nu- I know you eat it- well I imagine you eat it. 312: I can't. Ah I- I don't know. I can't think. Interviewer: When you- whenever you buy breakfast in a restaurant I- I'm sure this comes with it whether you order it or not. 312: Oh uh grits? Interviewer: Yeah. 312: {NW} Oh yes grits. I love grits. Interviewer: Good ol' grits. 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah me too. # 312: {NW} Interviewer: Okay uh are there different kinds of grits? 312: Not that I know of. You bake grits. You can bake it and put eggs in it and cheese and Interviewer: #1 Yeah. You can. # 312: #2 that sort a' thing. It's good. # Interviewer: {NW} 312: But uh otherwise I'd just say it was grits. That's all. {C: laughing} Interviewer: What are- uh Do you know what h- hominy grits are? {X} 312: Yes that's- yes. Well hominy I don't know. Hominy is a big {C: tape noise} but it's- it's not ground up. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Yeah that's right. 312: It's big. Interviewer: Okay fine. What do you call uh the starchy white vegetable that's grown- uh it's a grain. I'm sorry. A starchy white grain that's grown in Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas? 312: Grain? {C: very softly} Interviewer: Well it's also staple food of uh China and Japan. 312: Oh rice. {NW} Interviewer: for some non tax paid alcoholic beverages? 312: Soft drinks? #1 Oh oh alcoholic. # Interviewer: #2 N- n- no. Alcoholic. # Yeah. {C: tape noise} 312: Uh s- beer. Interviewer: N- n- no. 312: No? Interviewer: These are ones that ha- they don't pay the taxes on. They make 'em {X} they brew 'em up you know in the mountains. 312: Oh uh c- uh white lightning? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. {NW} # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You know any other names for it? 312: Corn liquor. {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard of {D: sploe}? 312: No. Interviewer: How about uh bust head? 312: No. Interviewer: {NW} 312: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 That's what it does. # And moonshine? 312: Moonshine yes. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 I've heard that. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Interviewer: When something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nostrils you say to someone just 312: Just smell that? {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. What do you call You gave me this word before but what do you call the sweet sticky liquid that you put on uh batter {X} 312: Syrup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh You might say well syrup is Oh I'm sorry uh {C: tape noise} What is the other kind of of sweet liquid uh if there's 312: #1 Made out a' maple sugar. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: Oh oh Oh uh sorghum Uh molasses. Interviewer: Yes. And you might say syrup is thin but molasses 312: is thick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright then you might say well this isn't imitation maple syrup. It's 312: the real thing. Interviewer: Or uh a word describing it. {C: tape noise} It's gen- 312: Genuine. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Sugar is sold {C: tape noise} and wholesale it's sold {C: tape noise} 312: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay but if it isn't # packaged then it's sold 312: in bulk. Interviewer: Right. What do you call the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice out of apples or peaches or strawberry? {C: tape noise} You're making some 312: syrup uh Interviewer: No. We- you're making some for the uh 312: Jelly. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Uh what do you have on the table to season food with? 312: Uh salt and pepper. Interviewer: If there are some apples and a child wants one he says {C: tape noise} Uh if somebody asks you who did something you might say well it wasn't these boys. It must a' been one of 312: One of those. One of Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 312: #2 them. # {NW} Interviewer: Alright. If you're pointing to a tree {C: tape noise} 312: Far away. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} He didn't go {C: tape noise} He didn't go that way. He went 312: this way. Interviewer: Alright. When somebody speaks to you and you don't hear what he says what do you normally say to make him repeat it? {C: tape noise} 312: Uh What did you say? Interviewer: Okay. Uh If you had a lot of peach trees you have {C: tape noise} 312: #1 An orchard. # Interviewer: #2 What do you call # {C: tape noise} 312: Orchard. Interviewer: Thank you. I was talking while you were Uh You might ask somebody if it's his orchard. He'll say No. I'm just a neighbor. And pointing to someone else he says he's the man 312: who has the orchard. Interviewer: Alright. If a man has plenty of money {C: tape noise} or a 312: Oh Interviewer: If a man's rich he doesn't have to worry. But life is hard on a man {C: tape noise} 312: Poor. Who is poor. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} When I was a boy my father was poor. But next door there was a boy 312: who was rich. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well- well my father was poor but next door was a boy 312: whose father was rich. Interviewer: Yes. Thank you. {NW} {C: tape noise} Uh inside a cherry what do you call the part that you don't eat? 312: Pit. Interviewer: How about inside a peach? 312: That's a pit too. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what kind of peach 312: A stone. Interviewer: Alright. {X} Which has which? {C: tape noise} 312: Well a cherry stone I believe and a peach pit. Interviewer: Okay. Is that what you would say? 312: Yes I {X} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh what kind of {C: tape noise} What kind of peach is it uh What do you call a kind of peach where the flesh of the fruit is tight against the stone? 312: That's a cling stone Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 312: #2 Peach. {C: very softly} # Interviewer: And how about the kind a' 312: That's a uh uh uh Uh Oh I know {X} {C: whispering} Uh Oh dear {C: laughing} Interviewer: It's alright. {C: tape noise} 312: Uh cling stone and Oh dear that's so familiar. Give me a clue. Interviewer: Well there's several names for it. 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 I don't want to suggest any one. # 312: {C: tape noise} I know it. {C: tape noise} Cling and {C: tape noise} Oh dear {C: laughing} My brain's gone again. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay would you- have you ever heard of a clear seed {C: tape noise} Free stone? 312: Free stone is the word. Interviewer: Alright. 312: That's the one I know. Interviewer: Alright uh After you've eaten an apple the part that's left is the 312: core Interviewer: When you cut up apples or sometimes peaches and dry them you're making 312: Uh dried fruit. Interviewer: Have you ever heard 'em called snitz? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. What are the kind of nuts you pull up out a' the ground and roast? 312: Oh peanuts. Interviewer: Any other names? 312: Goobers. {NW} Interviewer: Anything else? 312: No that's all I know. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Have you ever heard 'em called ground peas? 312: No. Interviewer: {X} 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. What is another Name some other kinds of nuts for me. 312: Pecans walnuts almonds Interviewer: Okay that's fine. {NW} Uh Well here it says the two kinds of nuts usually used in how do you say pralines? Or 312: Pralines I say. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} I knew they use pecans but what else do they use? 312: Well they can use an- you can use pralines or {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 Uh oh okay. # 312: #2 English walnuts. # Interviewer: #1 English walnuts. # 312: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What are English walnuts? 312: English walnuts are the ones that uh have a uh you see them at Christmas time all the time {X} white uh light color uh shell {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 They're lighter colored like American walnuts? # 312: #2 {X} # Yes. And they are not as heavy a shell. You can crack 'em with a- with a nut. With a cracker. Nut cracker. Uh th- they're the ones that you- the English walnut I mean the American walnut you'd have to crack with a hammer. They're too thick and hard Interviewer: #1 Oh # 312: #2 to cracked with a- with a # cra- nut cracker. These are that you see in the stores all the time #1 Okay # Interviewer: #2 that light # 312: color. #1 ones. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 312: They're English walnuts. Interviewer: Alright what do you call a kind of fruit {C: tape noise} but it's with a thick skin like a lemon? It's a citrus fruit. 312: A tangerine? Or Interviewer: Just like a tangerine. Same color. 312: Uh I don't know. Interviewer: Well what color is a tangerine? 312: It's a orange Interviewer: #1 Okay. That's the fruit. # 312: #2 color. # Oh co- oh that's what you just oh now I was thinking of something unusual Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 312: #2 I {C: laughing} # Interviewer: From now on I'm just gonna ask what color is a tangerine. 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Easy to 312: It's unusual. I was thinking of something unusual. Interviewer: #1 Yeah like a pomegranate or s- {NW} # 312: #2 Orange is {X} yes {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 312: Orange is very usual. Interviewer: Okay if there's a bowl of oranges standing somewhere standing somewhere and one day you go to get one and there aren't any left you say the oranges are 312: Are- are gone. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What do you call the little red vegetables that they they're roots. And they're kind of peppery. They're kind of hot. They're red on the outside and white on the inside. 312: {NW} Peppers? No? Interviewer: No they're uh 312: Red on the outside and white on the inside. Interviewer: They're- you cut 'em up and use 'em in salads sometimes. Not- you don't use a whole lot of 'em. Cause they're kinda hot. 312: I don't know. I can't think. Interviewer: {NW} They begin with R. {C: tape noise} 312: Hmm. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Let- let me think. {C: tape noise} When they're cut into a salad they're usually little slices about this big. And they're white with a red- the red skin. And they're hot. Okay radishes? 312: Oh of course. {NW} {X} I use 'em all the time. Interviewer: Do you? 312: Yes. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay would you say it 312: Radish. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: Alright what do you call the round red things that grow on leafy plants staked up in the garden? 312: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call 312: We always well I call them tomatoes {C: pronunciation}. I have trained myself to say tomatoes. I was trai- I was raised up to say tomatoes {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: You were? 312: I was. Interviewer: {NW} 312: #1 But {X} everybody said it # Interviewer: #2 Who taught you to say it # 312: {X} I think this uncle that was in the navy is the one that started {C: tape noise} us all and said we must say tomato [C: pronunciation} Interviewer: #1 Oh {NW} # 312: #2 and so we did. # And then- but I have had to get out of it because nobody does. Interviewer: #1 That's true. That's true. # 312: #2 {X} {C: laughing} # Say tomatoes now. {NW} Interviewer: Alright what do you call uh the little ones? 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 They're about that big. # 312: I don't uh uh I've got some in the refrigerator right now. Um cherry tomatoes. Interviewer: Have you ever heard those called tommy toes? 312: No. Well I've heard of tommy toes but I never heard 'em- in reference to I've heard tommy toes as sort of a fun {C: tape noise} name for a tomato. Interviewer: #1 But they didn't mean specifically {X} # 312: #2 But but not the- # Not those. No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Tommy toes. Alright uh along with a steak you might have a baked 312: potato. Interviewer: He didn't tell you to say potato {C: pronunciation} too did you? 312: #1 No. No we didn't. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 312: {NW} Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: Well there are new potatoes and uh Idaho potatoes Interviewer: {C: tape noise} 312: And I don't- let's white pota- I don't know what else. That would be the only ones that I could think of. Interviewer: Alright, what about the ones that are yellow? 312: Yellow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm or orange. 312: I don't know any like that #1 except the new potatoes. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # No these are not they're related to potatoes. They're yellow-ish 312: Oh uh You're not talking about carrots? {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Sweet potatoes? 312: Oh sweet potatoes. Of course. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What's the other word for those? {C: tape noise} Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} 312: I think there is a difference but I'm not I don't know exactly #1 what it is. # Interviewer: #2 Cuz you don't eat either of 'em. # 312: No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Me neither. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call something with a strong odor? When you cut it it makes your eyes water. 312: Oh onion. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What about the little uh fresh onions that you eat the stalks? 312: Uh scallions and uh {X} um spring onions we call those little ones when they come up early in the {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the vegetable- it's kind of kinda- it's green. It's kinda slimy and they use it in New Orleans all the time to make gumbo and stuff. 312: Oh okra. I love that. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. How do you make it? Do you fry it or 312: I- I- no I just boil it. Interviewer: Boiled? Really? 312: Yes I love it. Interviewer: Alright if you leave an apple or a plum around it will dry up and 312: And uh spoil. Interviewer: Well what does it do? What does the skin do? It gets {C: tape noise} Begins with sh {C: tape noise} 312: Shrink? No? Interviewer: It's like {C: tape noise} 312: Yes. {C: laughing} Interviewer: What is the the kind of vegetable- it's not lettuce but it comes in a big {C: tape noise} pot by hand {C: tape noise} do what to them? 312: Um shell 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright what do you call the large uh yellowish or green {C: tape noise} beans? 312: Butter beans lima beans {C: tape noise} We call 'em white beans. And uh white string beans. I mean you wouldn't um or string beans. They're the same thing. Interviewer: Okay. And butter beans {C: tape noise} Okay. What k- what do you call the kind of beans that you eat pod and all? {C: tape noise} 312: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 They're long. # 312: I don't eat that kind. Interviewer: And they're cut up. 312: No I don't know that. Interviewer: Green beans? 312: {X} Oh of course {NW} Interviewer: Snap beans? 312: Snap beans. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: #1 I probably didn't describe it very well. # 312: #2 {NW} {X} # Snap beans of course. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} and cook them up and make a mess of 312: turnip greens. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Do you use any other kind of greens besides 312: #1 Oh yes there's # Interviewer: #2 turnip {X} # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {C: tape noise} # 312: and uh kale I love {C: tape noise} spinach. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What else is there? {C: tape noise} Do you know what poke salad is? {C: tape noise} 312: Uh y- uh yes. Interviewer: What is it? 312: I don't- I'm not sure. I've- I've never eaten it. But the the country people get it and they call it poke sallet. Sallet. Interviewer: Sallet? 312: {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: If you have two bunches of lettuce or cabbage you say you have two {C: tape noise} 312: heads. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {X} Have you ever used heads to talk about children? Like she's got three heads? {C: tape noise} 312: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you ever use the word passel? 312: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Like a whole passel of kids? 312: I've heard that but I wouldn't use it. Interviewer: What exactly does passel mean to you? 312: Well it means uh uh uh whole have- uh family. They had a lot of children. They'd have a passel of children. But that would- that is uh something that country people or negroes would {C: tape noise} use or colored It wouldn't be used by the best families. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Uh what do you call uh the outside of an ear of corn? 312: The uh the uh shuck. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh and what do you call the the- the little top of the corn stalk? 312: The tassel. Interviewer: Yeah. And what is the kind of corn that you eat on the cob? 312: White corn. We do. And all the- all all the yellow uh sweet corn. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 312: #2 Yellow. # Yeah that's it. Interviewer: Alright uh {C: tape noise} other kinds of corn besides the ones you eat {C: tape noise} 312: corn that they use for the cattle. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 312: That kind. And that's uh the white corn is that bu- but you eat it when it's very new and fresh and and tender and then the calves have it later when it gets hard. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 312: #2 you see? {C: laughing} # Interviewer: Is that why it's sometimes called mutton corn? 312: I never heard it. Interviewer: You haven't heard that? 312: No. Interviewer: Have you heard of green corn? {C: tape noise} 312: Well no Interviewer: Because that would just be unripe. 312: Green corn would be I suppose corn that was very tender and new and {C: tape noise} would be for eating. As far as I know. I don't know. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the stringy stuff that you have to pull out of the corn? 312: Uh uh {C: tape noise} Silk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call the large round fruit that you make a jack o' lantern out of at Halloween? 312: Pumpkin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call the kind a' small yellow {X} vegetable? 312: A squash. Interviewer: Uh is there a name {C: tape noise} Alright. What kinds of melons are there? {C: tape noise} 312: Watermelon {C: tape noise} mush musk melons {C: tape noise} and uh {C: tape noise} One of these big round uh {C: tape noise} I can't think {X} I don't like those {C: tape noise} light colored {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 Honeydew? # 312: #2 Uh # Honeydew. Yes. Interviewer: What is a musk melon? 312: {C: tape noise} It's like a cantaloupe only I don't think it's as good as a cantaloupe. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: same color? 312: Yes. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What do you call the little thing {C: tape noise} shaped like an umbrella. {C: tape noise} {X} 312: Oh mushroom. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: The poisonous ones. 312: Oh. toadstool {C: phone ringing} {NS} {X} Yeah. Well I'll come back {X} in a little while. Thank you. Thank you so much. {NS} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay uh If a man {C: tape noise} he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't 312: swallow. Interviewer: What? 312: Swallow the meat. Interviewer: Or uh 312: {X} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Well he couldn't eat that piece a' meat because he couldn't swallow it. 312: Swallow it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 Yes {C: laughing} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh What do you- what are the {C: tape noise} 312: Cigarettes. {NS} cigars. Interviewer: Right. 312: Pipe. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh {C: tape noise} When I ask you if you can do something and you know that you're not able to do it I- I'll say Can you? And you say 312: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 No # 312: I cannot. Interviewer: Or That's a little formal isn't it? 312: {NW} I will not. Interviewer: Or- or just can't? 312: I just can't. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} {NS} {C: tape noise} A boy got a whipping. You might say I bet he did something {C: tape noise} If you wanna refuse to do something in a very strong way you say no matter how many times you ask me to do that I 312: I will not do it. Interviewer: Or shorter? 312: I will- I won't. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh suggesting the possibility of being able to do something you say I'm not sure but I 312: will try. Oh Interviewer: #1 Okay # 312: #2 Uh # Interviewer: I want you to say it a different way. {C: laughing} 312: I'm not sure. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: But I might 312: I might {C: tape noise} do it. I might {C: tape noise} Interviewer: You need another word in there. 312: {NW} Interviewer: You say well I'm not sure but I might 312: try. Interviewer: Mm would you say I mi- but I might could do it? 312: No I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: But I might be able to do it. 312: I might be able to do it. Interviewer: Okay. 312: I would say that. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 312: Oh a owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what're- what's the kind with the really high pitched voice? 312: Oh a hoot owl. Interviewer: No he's got the low voice I think. 312: Oh. Interviewer: This is one that has a an obnoxious voice {X} 312: Uh Interviewer: {X} shrill. 312: Hoot owl and a {C: tape noise} Mm I don't know. I can't think of it. Interviewer: Screech owl? 312: Screech owl of course. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. What do you call a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 312: Uh woodpecker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Ever heard of 'em called anything else? 312: Red headed wood pecker. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What about a black and white animal with a powerful smell? 312: Oh that's a skunk. Interviewer: Ever heard 'em called a {X} cat? 312: Oh yes. Or {D: sashay} kitten. {NW} Interviewer: Is that something your family used to call 'em? 312: Well that's what I've heard. Always all my life {C: laughing} I've heard 'em called {D: sashay} kittens. Interviewer: That's real cute. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What is a general term for animals that you just don't want around? {C: tape noise} I'm gonna get a gun and get rid of those {C: tape noise} 312: Oh I can't think. I know but it just doesn't come to me. Interviewer: Alright. Varmints? 312: Varmints. Yes that's a good word for it. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} little 312: #1 Oh squirrel. # Interviewer: #2 animal. # Mm-hmm. Are there are there- are there different {C: tape noise} 312: ground squirrel and a flying squirrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard of a squirrel called a boomer? 312: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Or a mountain boomer? 312: No. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {NW} What do you call the little animal that's sort of like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees? 312: Oh it's a {C: tape noise} pest. They are uh {NW} got little stripes down the back. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Uh Interviewer: {NW} 312: We had- they were pests when I {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} {X} brain's gone again. Uh {NW} {NW} {D: dear} Interviewer: Chipmunk? 312: Chipmunk. Of course. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Okay. That's alright. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh {C: tape noise} 312: Well there's trout and uh catfish {C: tape noise} and uh I think there's some called brim. I'm not familiar with fish. I don't fish. #1 I never did like to fish. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 312: But I'm- that's about all as far as I can go on that. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call the little uh seawater thing that {C: tape noise} 312: Uh oysters. {C: tape noise} Frog. {C: tape noise} Uh toad. Interviewer: Okay. Ever heard 'em called {C: tape noise} 312: Oh yeah. Bullfrog. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} Can you think of other kinds of frogs? The little tiny ones that 312: Little tree frogs and uh {X} there's something else. {NW} I can't think {X} Interviewer: Peepers? 312: I think I have heard of peepers. Interviewer: Or 312: I'm not quite familiar with those. Interviewer: Spring frog? 312: No. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Have you ever heard of {X} try this. Pickering's {X} #1 or something like # 312: #2 No. # {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the little thing- you don't fish but the little things you dig out a' the ground to go fishing 312: Uh worms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are there different kinds of worms? 312: Well I'm {C: tape noise} and uh uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What is the hard shelled thing that pulls in {C: tape noise} 312: Oh uh uh turtle. {C: tape noise} Uh uh {C: tape noise} porpoise. {C: tape noise} Uh {NW} Interviewer: That's close. 312: {NW} No it's uh uh uh tort- tor- tortoise. Interviewer: Right. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard 'em called a terrapin? 312: Yes. I have. Terrapin is another name for them. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard uh a turtle that that burrows into the ground. Have you ever heard 'em called a gopher? 312: No. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What do you call the little thing that you find in a creek when you turn over a rock? 312: Um Interviewer: It swims backwards {C: tape noise} 312: Oh I know. Crab? Interviewer: It's like a crab but it's not quite- it's longer. {C: tape noise} It's got kind of a long tail. {C: tape noise} 312: I don't know. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Crawfish or 312: #1 Crawfish yeah. # 312: #2 Cray? Would you # Interviewer: say that? 312: I'd say crawfish. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} small fan {C: tape noise} sea animals that you eat in a cocktail or fried? 312: Oh shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If you were gonna say uh How would you say I have a dozen 312: shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the insect that uh like a butterfly but it flies around at night near light? 312: Uh Uh m- moth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh {C: tape noise} 312: #1 That'd be # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: clothes moths. Interviewer: Alright. Are there any other kinds of moth? That you can think of? 312: I don't know. Can't think of any of 'em. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. What about the insect that flies around at night with a- and he lights up? {C: tape noise} 312: Oh light- well I would call 'em a lightning bug. That's what we always Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 called 'em. # Fireflies is another name. But the lightning bug is what is {NW} really what as a child that's what we called them. Interviewer: Okay then that's what 312: #1 My husband called them fireflies. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Well he was {D: a doctor}. 312: {NW} He came another part a' the country. Interviewer: True. 312: {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay uh uh where did your husband come from? 312: He came- he was born in Canada and lived in New York most of his life. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay and {X} 312: born in Halifax Nova Scotia. Interviewer: Halifax? 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And his religion was presbyterian too? Or 312: Well he was a baptist but he became a presbyterian when he married me. Interviewer: Oh how nice. 312: {NW} His father was a baptist minister. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # And he um you say he got his M-D from Columbia right? 312: No Well he was not an M-D. He was a P-H-D. Interviewer: Oh I'm sorry. 312: He- he taught in the medical school though for many years but he was a P-H-D from Vanderbilt. He got his- he taught in Columbia before he came to Nashville at Columbia. But he uh got his degree- first degree at university of Connecticut and then his second degree at the university of Massachusetts. Interviewer: Oh. 312: And then got his P-H-D in- at Vanderbilt. Interviewer: Well what's his connection with Columbia then? He just {C: tape noise} 312: #1 before he came to Nashville. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 I see. Before he had his P-H-D. # 312: Yes. Just before. Interviewer: And what- what was his P-H-D in? 312: Uh bacteriology. Interviewer: I see. 312: That was his subject. Bacteriology. {C: tape noise} used to be {X} {D: P-H-} before they had to be a- M-Ds because they were very scarce. Bacteriologists and immunologists were scarce. He always said scarce {X} Interviewer: {NW} 312: And so he was uh he was a P-H-D in it. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} 312: But he did teach in the medical school for twenty-eight years. Interviewer: Twenty-eight years. 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} Uh what do you call an insect that has a long body {C: tape noise} two pairs of shiny wings {C: tape noise} it's about {C: tape noise} long thin body. Looks like a needle. 312: Oh dear. Interviewer: They usually hover around uh damp places. {C: tape noise} 312: Oh uh uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: They look uh {NS} {C: tape noise} 312: {NW} Interviewer: {X} Oh well. They're about this long and they've got #1 like that # 312: #2 Oh fire- # Uh no- uh Oh I know what they are. I can't think uh what they're called. {C: tape noise} Uh {NS} I don't know. I can't remember the name of it but I know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Dragonfly? 312: Dragon- dragonflies. Yes. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call them snake {X} 312: No. No. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Some people think that um when you find a dragonfly it's flying around somewhere that there's a snake nearby. 312: #1 No. I- I- # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever heard that story? # 312: No I didn't hear- I haven't heard that. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} What are the different kinds of insects that sting? 312: Well there's mosquitoes. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Those yeah. 312: They're the most {C: tape noise} They- well they just- you get those {C: tape noise} They're very small. {C: tape noise} Mosquitoes. Interviewer: Well there's a whole group that you haven't touched yet. They make honey? 312: Oh bees and- and wasps. Interviewer: And? {NS} What are the- {C: tape noise} they're the kind that's really nasty. They {X} 312: #1 Hornets. # Interviewer: #2 they- # I'm sorry? 312: Hornets? {C: tape noise} Interviewer: And one more kind. It's {C: tape noise} same color as a bee only it's long and thin. And it's really worse than a bee. It- its nest is in the ground. 312: Well hornets nests in the Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. It's like that. # 312: #2 ground too. # Interviewer: But this one's yellow and black. 312: Uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} green ones that hop around? {C: tape noise} Some are green and some are brown. {C: tape noise} Well they hop in the grass. {C: tape noise} 312: Oh oh oh uh I know what you're talking about. Uh {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: name of those little green things that 312: Grasshopper. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} What are the small fish used for bait? 312: Uh minnows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard 'em called shiners? 312: No. Interviewer: Alright. What is the little bug with eight legs? 312: Oh uh uh uh thousand leg Interviewer: No no this one just has eight. 312: Oh eight. I don't know. Interviewer: He uh spins a 312: Oh uh s- spider. Interviewer: Uh-huh and 312: Well spins a web. Interviewer: Yes. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} The part of the tree underneath {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} kind of tree that you tap for syrup? 312: A ma- maple tree. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: It's very very tough wood. It- it- the bark is white I think. 312: {C: tape noise} place that one. {C: tape noise} Other description? Interviewer: I can't think of any other thing to say. Alright sycamore? 312: Yes. Oh yes. Interviewer: Is that 312: Familiar with that. Yes. I'm not sure about the bark doing that {C: tape noise} and it has balls on it. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Right yeah. Alright what are some other trees? #1 What are some trees in this area? # 312: #2 {X} # Hackberry is one. It has little little red berries. Tiny little red berries that birds love them. Interviewer: Hmm. 312: Hackberry tree. Interviewer: #1 Do people eat hackberries? # 312: #2 That's quite # No. Interviewer: Okay. 312: No. They're too small and too hard. Uh hackberry and uh maple and oak {C: tape noise} good wood {C: tape noise} termites {C: tape noise} because they- they have poplar wood. {C: tape noise} They don't like poplar wood. Interviewer: Are poplars those {C: tape noise} 312: No they are uh {C: tape noise} they are {C: tape noise} I know what you're talking about. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 I don't know. # 312: #2 Silver uh # Po- well it is a- that is a poplar. That is another form of poplar. Interviewer: Oh okay. 312: But it's not the uh {C: tape noise} The kind that I'm speaking of they have this tulip poplars {C: tape noise} hermitage {C: tape noise} out there and that is the tree that they {C: tape noise} use for the wood in houses. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 It # has beautiful tulip bloom on it that is uh I don't we- yellow and red. It's a Interviewer: #1 Ah. # 312: #2 lovely bloom. # Interviewer: #1 And they look like tulips but # 312: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: Yes. {C: tape noise} Those cherry trees. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What is a shrub {C: tape noise} whose leaves become very red in the fall and it's poisonous kind of? {C: tape noise} 312: Oh I can't {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Sometimes it's used in tanning {C: tape noise} 312: I know what you're {C: tape noise} Sumac. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh {C: tape noise} kind a' poisonous thing that uh makes your skin break out when you brush against it? 312: Poison ivy. Interviewer: Yes. Uh are there any different kinds of that that you know of? 312: There's a poison oak. I'm not sure what the difference is but there's a poison oak and a poison ivy. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 They're horrible things. # Interviewer: They are. {C: tape noise} Wh- alright what are some You tell me- told me about the hackberries. What are some other kind a' berries that grow around here that people eat? 312: Oh blackberries raspberries {C: tape noise} Interviewer: People eat with uh sugar and cream? 312: Strawberries. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Some berries that grow in the woods are {C: tape noise} not good to eat. If they could kill you {C: tape noise} then you'd say they're very 312: poisonous Interviewer: Alright what is a tall bush {C: tape noise} pink and white flowers that grows out {C: tape noise} 312: Oh {C: tape noise} azalea. Interviewer: Alright it looks kind of like an azalea but it's {C: tape noise} 312: There's another name. I can't think of it right now. Interviewer: Mountain laurel? 312: Yes. Mountain laurel. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called spoon wood? {C: tape noise} Okay. What are the uh These- okay these are like mountain laurels but they grow higher up in the mountains and {C: tape noise} 312: Oh uh {C: tape noise} {NW} Grow up on the mountains. They're beautiful things. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: #1 Rho- # 312: #2 Uh # Rhododendron. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what is the tree that's I think it's only in the south. It's got big flat shiny leaves {C: tape noise} big white flowers. 312: Oh. {C: tape noise} I know that one too. {NW} {NW} My brain just goes completely. Uh uh I had one in my yard. Interviewer: {NW} Begins with M. {C: tape noise} Mag- {C: tape noise} 312: Oh magnolia. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 I was thinking # about something else. Interviewer: Oh were you? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Ah. 312: Magnolia. Interviewer: I don't know what it {X} 312: Well I know there's another another tree that has {C: tape noise} flowers in- in uh not in a single flower but in a uh cluster of flowers. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Uh what do you call a woman who's lost her husband? 312: She's a widow. Interviewer: Okay. How about {X} expression for a- a woman whose husband has left her? {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard {C: tape noise} 312: Grass widows and sod widows. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} What's the difference? 312: Well a sod widow is a widow whose husband has died Interviewer: #1 {X} # 312: #2 And a grass widow # Yes. And the grass widow is a widow {NW} well divorced so {C: tape noise} Interviewer: S-O-D 312: #1 S-O-D. # Interviewer: #2 sod? # 312: Sod widow. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh What did you call your father when you were little? 312: I called him {C: tape noise} papa when I was very small {C: tape noise} and then I'd call him daddy. {NS} yes Interviewer: And your mother? 312: I called her mama. {NS} Interviewer: The whole time? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Alright. Your father and mother together are your 312: parents. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} grandfather? Either grandfather? 312: Well I didn't know my grandfathers. I had my grandmother. I did- adored my gran- When I was a small child I called her die but why I do not know. Interviewer: Oh 312: But later I called her grandmother. Interviewer: {NW} Did you know your other grandmother? 312: No. I didn't. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Your sons and daughters together are called your 312: children. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Do you have any pet names for children? You might say oh he's such a cute little 312: Little fellow. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} Or for a little girl? 312: Uh a little- cute little {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What do you uh {C: tape noise} 312: Pram. {NW} And I wouldn't {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. 312: That's uh a pram is something it is called now but it was a baby buggy when I was young. Interviewer: Alright when you have a baby in the carriage and you're outside you say you are 312: pushing the uh uh rolling the baby. Rolling the baby. Interviewer: Rolling the baby? 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Say you have uh three boys One's twenty {C: tape noise} {X} You- you say well the twenty year old is the? {C: tape noise} Compared to the two younger he's the 312: He's {C: tape noise} I don't know. Interviewer: He's my 312: Son? Uh my {C: tape noise} Interviewer: He's your 312: oldest son. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Besides saying older or oldest you might speak of him as- in terms of being grown up 312: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: As {C: tape noise} Uh Interviewer: Alright uh I'll put it to you a different way. You might say Jim is grown up but of all the boys Tom is the {C: tape noise} 312: elder. Interviewer: No u- but using grown up. 312: Oh. Interviewer: Jim is grown up but of all the boys Tom is the 312: I don't know. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Most grown up? {C: tape noise} 312: No not that. Interviewer: You wouldn't say he's the most grown up either? 312: Well maybe. Interviewer: Okay. You probably wouldn't even put it that way. 312: No I don't think I would. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} You have two children one of each sex. One is your son and the other's your {C: tape noise} 312: daughter. Interviewer: Okay. Uh your children You have what again? What of each sex? One's a boy and the other's a 312: girl. Interviewer: Okay. If a woman is going to have a child you say she's 312: pregnant. Interviewer: Would you {C: tape noise} 312: In my Uh in the older days you would have said she was {C: tape noise} expecting. {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: other expressions like that? Either polite or {C: tape noise} 312: Uh well expecting was the we- main thing that you never spoke of being pregnant. That would not be used at all but of course now that's accepted. Uh That's the only thing I know of. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any expressions involving {C: tape noise} leg or breaking your {C: tape noise} woman you might send for is a 312: midwife. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Have you heard any other names for that? 312: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Older names maybe. # 312: N- I don't know any. {C: tape noise} No. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: you say that the boy {C: tape noise} 312: Uh looks like his father. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} Supposing he has the mannerisms and the behavior of his father you might say he 312: Well I wouldn't say favors. That is one word for it but I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: Would you say he takes after his 312: He takes after his father yeah. Interviewer: Okay. If a mother has looked after three children 'un- until they're grown up you say she has 312: #1 raised them. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Would y-} # Mm-hmm. Have you heard reared? {C: tape noise} 312: Yes that's another one. Say Interviewer: #1 Brought up? # 312: #2 You say # Mm brought up. Interviewer: Okay. To a naughty child you say if you're not careful you're gonna get a 312: whipping. {C: tape noise} Spanking. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: If Bob is five inches taller this year you say Bob {C: tape noise} 312: has grown. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} A child that's born to an unmarried woman is a {C: tape noise} 312: Well I should say bastard would be the old name for it. I don't know {C: laughing} {X} Interviewer: How would you put it if you were trying to be polite if 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 it came up. # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 312: Well {C: tape noise} I don't- I don't know. {NW} I would {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay. 312: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Have you heard any names used # by blacks maybe or poor 312: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 whites? # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. Your brother's son is your 312: My uh nephew. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} who's lost both its father and mother {C: tape noise} A person appointed to look after an orphan is its 312: guardian. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If a woman gives a party and invites all the people that are related to her {C: tape noise} say she invited 312: #1 her relatives. # Interviewer: #2 all her # Okay. And you might say well yeah she has the same family name and does look a bit like me but I'm actually 312: not rel- not related or not kin to her. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What is a common name- what is uh the name of Christ's mother? 312: Uh uh {C: tape noise} virgin? {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Well what's her name? 312: Mary. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's the name of George Washington's wife? 312: Uh Martha. Interviewer: Alright. What's the name of the girl in the song Wait till the sun shines {C: singing} 312: Nellie. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {C: tape noise} # Interviewer: boy named William beginning with B? 312: Billy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Who wrote the first of the four gospels? 312: Matthew. Interviewer: Okay oh you're quick on these. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What is a woman who con- what do you call a woman who conducts school? 312: A teacher. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Any old fashioned terms for {C: tape noise} 312: School mistress. Interviewer: Ever heard schoolmarm? 312: Schoolmarm {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Uh Do you know an expression {C: tape noise} preacher who's not really trained. He doesn't have a regular pulpit in a church. He preaches around {C: tape noise) 312: Uh no no #1 that wouldn't be it. # Interviewer: #2 Well # He might not be a very {C: tape noise) And he might really make his trade doing something else but he {D: like} he rides around to different 312: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 cities. # 312: Uh circuit uh well used to be the circuit rider. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard 'em called a jack leg preacher? 312: No. I've heard jack leg carpenters. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} I've never heard of a jack leg preacher. Interviewer: Have you heard of jack leg anything else besides carpenter? 312: No. Interviewer: Alright what is a jack leg carpenter? 312: Well I'm not sure. {NW} I'm not sure what a jack leg carpenter is but I've heard of jack leg carpenters. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What relation would my mother's sister be to me? {C: tape noise) Okay. She'd be 312: My my Interviewer: {C: tape noise) My mother's sister to me. 312: She is my aunt. Interviewer: {X} We're talking about {C: tape noise) 312: Oh your aunt. Interviewer: Right. 312: {NW} {C: tape noise) Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise) Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise) Uh {C: tape noise) If you had an uncle named William you'd call him {C: tape noise) The commander of the army of northern Virginia was 312: {NW} Robert E Lee. {NW} Interviewer: And what was {C: tape noise) Well he wasn't a sergeant. He was a 312: colonel. Uh gen- general. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: General. Interviewer: Okay. 312: #1 General Lee. # Interviewer: #2 Who was # I'm sorry? 312: General Lee. Interviewer: Right. Who was the old gentleman who introduced Kentucky fried chicken? 312: Colonel Sanders. {C: tape noise) Interviewer: What do they call a man in charge of a ship? {C: tape noise) Who is the man who presides over the court room? 312: A judge. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call a person who goes to college to study? 312: A student. Interviewer: Okay. How about someone in {C: tape noise) {X} 312: Uh pupil. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise) Then {C: tape noise) 312: And student would be the interchangeable I'd say. Interviewer: How about elementary school? 312: Well it would still be uh pupil Interviewer: #1 Okay # 312: #2 Uh # Interviewer: I was just wondering whether you drew a line between #1 pupil and student. # 312: #2 No I don't think so. # Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise) Who What do you call a woman who works in an office typing and all that? 312: A stenographer. Interviewer: Alright and what's the other word for that? 312: Typist. Interviewer: A general word that incorporates both of those. She works for a man. Takes care of everything 312: Oh a secretary. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What- what do you call a woman who appears in plays or movies? {C: tape noise) 312: An actress. Interviewer: Okay. What uh {C: tape noise) born in the U-S-A is called an 312: A s- uh a citizen of the United States. Interviewer: Yes but we are what? 312: Citizens. Interviewer: Well 312: Uh Interviewer: More specifically. We're not Russian. We're 312: Um uh s- American citizens. Interviewer: Yes. Okay. Uh {C: tape noise) {NS} {C: tape noise) What are some {C: tape noise) words for uh {C: tape noise) white people which you might have heard either by- used by negroes or used by white people? Would you just- would you call yourself white? Or caucasian or 312: I ju- n- uh Well I'd ju- I'd say white. Interviewer: Okay. Have you heard any {C: tape noise) poor white people? 312: #1 Well I've just heard of poor white people # Interviewer: #2 {X} in the country? # 312: But that's all the poor whites. Interviewer: What would you call the poor whites who live in the country? Would you have another name or not? Like hillbillies or 312: Hillbillies is one name. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 312: #1 They're ones # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 312: from the mountains. Interviewer: I'm sorry? 312: The ones in the mount- from the mountains {X} Interviewer: Okay. What do you call a child uh born of a raced- {C: tape noise) The child is half black and half white. {C: tape noise) 312: Oh uh {C: tape noise) Hmm. I can't think. Interviewer: Mulatto? 312: Mul- well yes. Mulatto Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise) Uh {C: tape noise) If it's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well it's not quite midnight yet but it's 312: Nearly so. Interviewer: Okay. Uh You slip and catch yourself. You say this is a dangerous place. I 312: I slipped. I uh nearly Interviewer: I didn't fall {C: tape noise) Okay. {NW} If someone is waiting for you to get ready so that you can go out and he calls to you and says hey will you be ready soon? You might answer I'll be with you in 312: in a few minutes. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise) You know you're on the right road to a place uh say to Chattanooga 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: but you're not sure of the distance. You might stop and ask somebody how 312: far is it to Chattanooga? Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} If you're pointing out something {C: tape noise) 312: Something over there Interviewer: #1 Alright # 312: #2 Uh # Interviewer: an exclamation. Say it's happening really fast. Look {X} 312: Look there. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 {X} # Look there. {C: tape noise) Interviewer: If you wanna know how many times {C: tape noise) something happens you ask how o- {C: tape noise) 312: How often? Interviewer: Okay. {C: very softly} Uh you agree with a friend when he says I'm not going to do that or I'm not going to vote for that guy. You say well {C: tape noise) 312: I wo- I'm not either. {C: tape noise) Interviewer: Okay. And what's another way of saying that? 312: Uh Interviewer: With neither? I'm not gonna vote for him. Well neither 312: Neither am I. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call this part of your head? 312: Forehead. Interviewer: {D: Say again?} 312: Forehead. {C: tape noise) {NS} Interviewer: Uh this is? 312: Hair. {C: tape noise) {NW} {C: tape noise) beard. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: This one in particular is #1 {X} # 312: #2 Uh sideburn. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {C: tape noise) # Interviewer: #1 N- n- no but # 312: #2 Oh # {NW} Oh uh lobe. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 312: #2 {X} # Uh ear lobe. Oh ear. Interviewer: Okay right. 312: {D: Yeah.} Interviewer: And which one is that? 312: That's the right You mean Interviewer: Yeah. Either of 'em. I want you to say both of 'em. 312: Right and left. Interviewer: #1 Okay say 'em with the word ear # 312: #2 Ear. # Uh left ear and {C: tape noise) ear. Interviewer: Thank you. That one's hard {C: tape noise) Uh {C: tape noise) Take that chewing gum out of your {C: tape noise) 312: mouth. {C: tape noise) Interviewer: He says ah I'm gonna have to fill that {C: tape noise) 312: {NW} Interviewer: What is the part above the teeth? {C: tape noise) 312: Gum. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise) 312: Hand. Interviewer: In this part? 312: In your palm of your hand. {C: tape noise) Interviewer: Uh he got mad and doubled up both 312: fists. Interviewer: Okay. And he shook {C: tape noise) 312: fists. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise) What do you call a place where you can bend? 312: Elbow. Interviewer: Or anywhere. 312: Anywhere. Uh uh {C: tape noise) Um. {C: tape noise) Interviewer: Sometimes you're- you get a little stiff in the 312: joint. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {C: tape noise} Uh the upper part of a man's body is his 312: chest. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: And uh he has broad 312: shoulders. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh they measure the height of a horse in 312: in uh {C: tape noise} Mm {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Well 312: Span? Interviewer: Well this is your 312: hands. Hand. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {X} That's right. Interviewer: Okay. 312: #1 So many # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 312: hands high. That's right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh This part of your body is 312: your leg. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: At the end of your leg is your 312: ankle. {C: tape noise} Foot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you have two. 312: Two feet. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if I got up and stumbled over this and hurt myself right here 312: Shin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} the back part of {C: tape noise} if- if you're squatting down you say I'm down on my 312: haunches. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Somebody's been sick for a while. He's up and about now but he still looks a bit 312: weak. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard of peaked? 312: Yes I have. Interviewer: #1 Is that how it's pronounced? # 312: #2 Peaked. # Peaked. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What do you call a person who can lift heavy w- lift heavy weights? 312: He's strong. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Would you ever use stout? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay would you ever use stout in describing butter that got rancid? {C: tape noise} 312: Well it could be. Yes. Interviewer: Have you ever used it? 312: I don't know that I ever have. No. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call someone {C: tape noise} uh who's easy to get along with? {X} I like her. She's very {C: tape noise} She never loses her temper. 312: Temper. No. She never loses her temper and she's easy to get along with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd just say it like that? 312: {NW} Interviewer: Would you call her good natured? 312: Yes. Very good natured. Interviewer: {NW} When a boy is in his teens and he's growing up really fast and he's like all {C: tape noise} can't walk or move not stumbling over something {NW} you would- you might describe him as being very {C: tape noise} 312: awkward. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh what do you call a person he keeps on doing things that don't make any sense. You say he's a plain 312: I don't know. {C: very softly} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Fool? 312: Fool. Well that would be You could {C: laughing} say that. Interviewer: Did the word fool ever used to be a word that wasn't nice to say? 312: I don't know that it was. No I don't think so. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh what do you call a person who never spent a cent? 312: Stingy. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever call 'em a tightwad? 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. When you use the word common about a- if you ever describe somebody as 312: #1 being common # Interviewer: #2 being common # What does that mean? 312: Well that means {C: tape noise} uh do not know how to Well they're {NW} They're just common. {NW} They are {NW} uncouth. Interviewer: Okay. Maybe ill bred? 312: Ill bred and uncouth. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Don't know how to do the proper thing. Interviewer: Alright. If an old man is still very strong and active and doesn't show his age you might say he's {C: tape noise} 312: Uh {C: tape noise} Mm. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Oh there's lot- there's lots of words. There's no one word. {C: tape noise} Would you just say he's quite active? 312: Active. Interviewer: #1 Lively? # 312: #2 Yes. I would say # active. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} {X} You might say I don't wanna go upstairs in the dark. I'm 312: afraid. Interviewer: Okay any other words? That mean afraid? 312: Uh {C: whispering} Mm I don't know. {C: very softly} Interviewer: Scared? 312: Scared yes. Scared would {C: tape noise} be one. Interviewer: Alright you might say she isn't afraid now but she {C: tape noise} 312: she was afraid. Interviewer: Or she used 312: used to be afraid. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked is mighty 312: foolish. Interviewer: #1 Alright what's another # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: word like foolish? 312: {NW} Uh Interviewer: Another- alright for example you might say your son made too many mistakes in addition on an arithmetic test. You'd say those What kind a' mistakes are those? Those are 312: stupid. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Alright it's the opposite of careful. 312: Uh careless. Interviewer: Okay. There's nothing really wrong with aunt Lizzie but {C: tape noise} she acts kind of 312: queer. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Has the word queer changed meaning over the years? 312: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Have you ever If somebody said he is a queer what would that mean 312: Well that means That's a different {C: tape noise} meaning. Interviewer: What does that mean? 312: He's- he's might be uh uh {C: tape noise} homosexual or something like that. Interviewer: But if you say somebody acts queer then it just means 312: That's- means there's just something peculiar about it. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {C: tape noise} # Interviewer: Is there any other way that you would use the word queer besides peculiar? {C: tape noise} 312: Well Interviewer: Would you use it not to describe {C: tape noise} 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Alright if a man is very sure of his own ways and never wants to change you might say to him don't be so 312: so stubborn. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say don't be so obstinate? 312: Obstinate is another word. Yes. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} ornery. 312: Well ornery {C: tape noise} um I have heard that used. Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Somebody you can't joke with without him losing his temper you say is mighty {C: tape noise} {X} If he loses his temper when the least little thing goes wrong you'd say better be- watch out for him. He's awfully 312: I know there's a word but I can't think of it. {C: tape noise} Mm no. {C: tape noise} Yes that's {C: tape noise} touchy. Interviewer: Testy? 312: No not testy but touchy would be more likely for me. Interviewer: Okay. You might say that well I was just kidding him. I didn't know he'd get 312: angry. Interviewer: Okay. If he's about to lose his temper again you say to him just 312: calm down. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh If you've been working very hard and you- you wanna use a word that's even stronger than tired you'd say I'm just {C: tape noise} 312: worn out. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh Okay that's- {D: that's fine.} If a person has been quite well for a long time and you hear that suddenly she has some disease you say last night she {C: tape noise} Uh got sick? 312: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever heard she took sick? 312: No. No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} person sat in a draft and began to cough you'd say he was 312: coughing? Interviewer: Alright but he got alright uh with the word cold. 312: Took cold. Interviewer: Okay. So you've heard took cold but not took sick. 312: No. That's right. Interviewer: If it affected his voice you might say he's 312: is hoarse. Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} Uh I'd better go to sleep. {C: tape noise} 312: tired. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} And then at six o' clock I have to In the morning I have to 312: Oh I have to get up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh If you can't hear anything at all you say you're stone de- 312: deaf. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh If you began to sweat while you started to work by the time you finish you'd say he Let me put that a different way. That's awkward. You've been working hard. You take off your wet shirt and you say look how I've 312: I've perspired. I would say Interviewer: #1 {X} to begin with. # 312: #2 {NW} # No I wouldn't have said sweat in the beginning. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call um If you have a boil on your skin and drain it what's the stuff that comes out? 312: Uh pus. Interviewer: Okay and what's the stuff that comes out of a blister? 312: Uh {C: tape noise} Well it's clear Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: liquid. Uh Interviewer: Do you ever call it water? 312: Yes. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} Okay. bigger than it oughta be you'd say my hand {C: tape noise} 312: {X} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Yesterday a bee stung me and my hand 312: is swollen. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} 312: swollen. Interviewer: Okay. In a war if a bullet {X} goes through somebody's arm you say he has a 312: a wound. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call If a wound doesn't heal exactly right it doesn't heal clean sometimes a white substance {X} 312: Uh uh Oh festers? Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called some kind a' flesh? 312: No. Interviewer: {X} flesh? 312: I have heard that but it's not- it's not familiar to me but I have heard it. Interviewer: Okay. 312: I've read it or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. Do you remember whether you heard it or read it uh by negroes or by whites? 312: No I don't. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} If you've got a little cut in your finger {NS} 312: {X} {C: phone conversation begins; 312's voice is distant and muffled} Yes? {C: tape noise} Oh yes yes I do. {C: tape noise} Oh not too long ago. And she's- she doesn't know what's {D: it's} going on. {C: tape noise} Uh-huh. Yeah. {C: tape noise} Yes. I know she doesn't. I don't think she does. No. She doesn't. She won't look at you {X} She did. Uh-huh well she doesn't know what's going on. {X} Yes. {NS} Yes. I see. Yes. Yes. {NS} Yes I know. Well she's gotten to the place where I- I don't think she knows me. She took hold of my hand one time not long ago. But that's the only time that she's done that. Mm-mm. No. Uh-huh well that's all. Yes. I don't believe she knows that- what's going on. I know it. It's awfully bad. I know. It's very bad. Well that's right. That's the way I feel about it. That she never Yes. Yes. They're awfully good to her. {X} Yeah. Oh yes it's {X} Yes {X} Uh-uh. Well let- I see. Well Well they {X} but it's- it's bad. Yes they do. Yes. Yes they do. {X} Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. Yes. I do. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Well it Yes I know but she doesn't do that anymore. Yeah. {NS} Uh-uh. Yeah. {NS} No {X} Yeah. Yeah. Yes that's right. She doesn't know {X} Well that's alright. Glad you called. {C: tape noise} Well that's what I think about it. {X} It is bad yeah. It really would. Oh yes. Very much. Yeah. Well I'm glad you called. Yes I remember. Yeah. Alright. {X} You're welcome. Bye. {NS} Couldn't get away from her. Interviewer: {NW} She's one a' those huh? {NW} Okay. What do you call uh the brown kind a' stuff that you put on a cut in your finger? 312: Salve. Interviewer: Okay. This is something in- specific. I don't know if they use it so much anymore. Uh has- usually- it's poison. It has a little skull and cross bones on the label. Comes in a little {D: bottle with a big) {C: tape noise} What about the stuff that was used sometimes uh for malaria fever? {C: tape noise} 312: Um um um {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 312: {NW} {NS} Quinine. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh {C: tape noise} 312: My grandfather used to {C: tape noise} weigh it out for the servants and all the children in the family every morning. I had a little scare. Interviewer: Oh you had to take it every day? 312: I didn't. Interviewer: Oh. 312: But this was my mother Interviewer: Oh okay. 312: and her family and the chi- all the blacks and whites on the place. That was back in the eighteen seventies. Interviewer: Was that to keep away malaria? 312: Keep away malaria. They lived very close to the river. Interviewer: Oh. I didn't know it could be used to keep it away too. 312: Well yes. They used it to keep it away. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} What is uh {C: tape noise} 312: Uh passed away. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Are there any crude ways {C: tape noise} What do you call uh {C: tape noise} Oh I see. Um He's been dead a week but nobody's yet figured out what he 312: died of. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: What is the place where people are buried? 312: In a cemetery. Interviewer: If it's very small and out in the country would you have a different name? 312: Uh graveyard. Interviewer: If it's uh around a church? {C: tape noise} 312: Burying ground. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. And are there any other words you'd 312: I can't think of any others. Interviewer: Okay what is the box that people are buried in? 312: Casket. Coffin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is the {C: tape noise} For a burial? 312: Uh {C: tape noise} Funeral service. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If people are dressed in black you say they're in 312: mourning. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} Uh if somebody m- met you on the street and says well how are you today and if you're feeling just about average you'd say oh I'm 312: So so. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Would you say uh I'm pretty well? 312: Pretty well. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if somebody's troubled you might say oh it'll come out alright. Don't 312: worry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is the disease of the joints called? 312: Um uh Interviewer: When you get older. 312: Arthritis. Interviewer: And the other one? 312: Rheumatism. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is the disease that children used to get They don't ha- it- it do- they don't have it anymore because they have shots for it but uh it would attack children in the throat and they'd choke to death. 312: Uh diphtheria. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} makes your skin turn yellow? 312: Uh jaundice. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: And have you heard anything else for it? {C: tape noise} 312: No. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Let's say um you have a pain down here and you have to have 312: #1 Appendicitis. # Interviewer: #2 an op- # Have you heard that called- an older word for it? {C: tape noise} Uh cramp colic? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh If somebody ate something that didn't agree with him and it came back up what's a 312: They uh {C: tape noise} throw up. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Any other words? 312: Regurgitate. {NW} Interviewer: Any crude words? 312: Uh I don't know of any. Interviewer: Would you ever say vomit? 312: Oh yes certainly. Vomit. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If- if you invite somebody to come to see you this evening and you wanna tell him that you'll be disappointed if he- if he doesn't come you say {C: tape noise} come uh I {C: tape noise} Or would you just say I'll be disappointed? 312: I'll be sorry. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say I shall be sorry? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If Mm {NS} {C: tape noise} If a man meets a girl at a dance and he wants to go home with her after the dance he says may I 312: drive you home. Interviewer: Okay. How about if they're walking? 312: May I walk you home. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh Say they're uh this man and this girl were spending a lot of time together uh what would you say he's doing with her? 312: They're going together. Interviewer: Or he is 312: uh uh he is uh Interviewer: It's an old fashioned 312: #1 I know it. # Interviewer: #2 word. # 312: I'm trying to think of it. He is uh hmm {NW} {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Courting? 312: Courting. Of course. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Couldn't think of it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and he uh His relationship to her. You'd say he's her 312: Her suitor. Interviewer: Okay. Or Any other words? 312: Well boyfriend but suitor would been the old- old {X} old way to Interviewer: #1 Did you ever # 312: #2 speak of it. # Interviewer: call him her beau? 312: Yes. Interviewer: {NW} 312: Beau. Interviewer: {NW} 312: Her beau. Interviewer: And she is his 312: his girl. Interviewer: Okay. Heard any other {C: tape noise} words for her? 312: Fiancee. Uh I don't know. Can't think of another one. Interviewer: Okay what are some old fashioned terms for kissing? {C: tape noise} 312: Kissing. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Ever heard a' spooning? 312: Well spooning yes. That's Yes. I've heard of that. Interviewer: Or smooching? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. If he asks her to marry him and she doesn't want him what do you say she's 312: #1 She turns him down. # Interviewer: #2 done to him? # Mm-hmm. Anything else? 312: Rej- uh rejects him. Interviewer: How about jilting? 312: Jilting yes. Interviewer: Okay. 312: Well jilting would be uh more likely if they uh were engaged and then she turned him down after that. I would say that she jilted him. Interviewer: Okay. 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Now if they did go ahead {C: tape noise} they're just 312: married? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are there any humorous ways of saying that? {C: tape noise} 312: Mm I guess {C: tape noise} can't think of it at the moment. Interviewer: Hitched? 312: Hitched Yes that's one word. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay at a wedding the man who stands up with the groom is 312: the best man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} old fashioned names for the best man? 312: Well uh {X} In my grandmother's day they spoke of waiting on the groom. Interviewer: Oh. 312: They- my gra- I have letters from my grandmother well my grandfather to my grandmother and he was- asked someone to wait on him. Interviewer: That's interesting. Now what would that man be called though? {C: tape noise} 312: I don't know. {NW} That's- but he- he asked uh {C: tape noise} this man to wait be- to wait on him. No it- it wouldn't be called a waiter. Interviewer: Okay. I do have waiter here {C: tape noise} 312: Well I- I don't think they were called waiters. But they- that was the way he spoke of it as asking his friend {C: tape noise} to wait on him. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: go for the bride as well? Did- 312: Uh I don't know. Interviewer: What do you call the uh woman who stands up with the bride? 312: The bri- uh the maid of honor. Interviewer: Okay. 312: The bridesmaids {C: tape noise} that waited on 'em were called bridesmaids. Interviewer: Right. 312: {X} was concerned. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay did you ever hear of this? Sometimes {C: tape noise} stand around and make a lot of noise. {C: tape noise} 312: I've heard of it called uh {C: tape noise} name but that's in- that {C: tape noise} I've never known that to happen. It's only out in the country districts I think that they have things like that. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh {C: tape noise} Do you think they still {C: tape noise} Can you think of any other words for chivalry? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} Uh {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} Alright do you remember {C: tape noise} I can't believe I ate the 312: Yeah the- the whole thing. Interviewer: Right. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call it when people go out in the evening and go to a place where there's music and they move around on the floor? 312: Dance. Interviewer: Alright. Ever heard a dance called anything else depending on what kind it was? 312: Uh Yes I'm sure I have. Uh I can't think. Interviewer: A ball if 312: #1 A ball. # Interviewer: #2 it's fancy. # 312: Oh yes a ball would be a formal dance. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: House dance? 312: No. Interviewer: Break down? 312: Well I've heard of break down that's rather country thing too I think. Interviewer: And a hoedown. 312: Hoe down. Break down. Interviewer: Okay. Alright if children get out of school at three o' clock you say at three o' clock school 312: is out. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} You go to school to get an 312: education. Interviewer: And after high school you go on to 312: college. Interviewer: Okay. After kindergarten you go into the {C: tape noise} 312: elementary school. Interviewer: Specifically 312: Uh Interviewer: which grade? 312: First grade. Interviewer: Okay. Uh somebody Well let's see. {C: tape noise} sat on bench Excuse me. Sat on benches at school. Now they sit at 312: desks. Interviewer: Okay and each child has his 312: his own desk. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a building where you can borrow books is called a 312: library. Interviewer: Alright. You mail a package at the 312: post office. Interviewer: You stay overnight in a strange town at a 312: hotel. Interviewer: You see a play at the 312: theater. Interviewer: Uh you had an operation in the 312: hospital. Interviewer: And you're taken care of by a 312: doctor. Interviewer: And a the woman. 312: A nurse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you catch a train at the 312: station. Interviewer: Okay. Uh If you walk from one street corner to the opposite one you say you're going 312: uh diagonal. Interviewer: Or 312: Uh crossing the street uh Interviewer: Can you think of anything else for diagonal? There's kind of a cute expression 312: I know there is. Uh uh Oh oh uh Yes I just was {X} {C: tape noise} scramble? No. Interviewer: #1 I don't know. That could be one. # 312: #2 That's not it. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard kitty corner? or catty 312: Catty corner. Yes catty corner. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} What do you call the vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire overhead? 312: A street car. Interviewer: Okay. Uh any other names for those? 312: Trolley. Trolley car. Interviewer: You might tell the bus driver uh the next corner is where I want 312: to get off. {NS} Interviewer: Uh here in oh Davidson county Nashville 312: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {C: tape noise} What do you call the main town in a county? 312: The uh county seat. Interviewer: Yes. Is Nashville the county seat of {C: tape noise} It doesn't 312: #1 Yes. It is. # Interviewer: #2 look the way # 312: #1 County seat. # Interviewer: #2 Even though everything's metro now? # 312: Yeah. Well it's uh It would be the county seat as far as {NW} and it business is concerned. Interviewer: Okay. Alright if you work- if you're an F-B-I agent you say you're working for the 312: government. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The police in a town are supposed to maintain what? 312: Law and order. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh the fight between the northern and southern states in eighteen sixty-one was 312: the civil war. Interviewer: Alright. Other names? 312: {X} War between the states. Interviewer: Are there any other names that older people called it? Can you remember when you were a child it being called something else? 312: The- the war of the rebellion was one name. That was not southern. That was northern. Interviewer: Oh. 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # How about the war of secession? Have you heard 312: Yeah well that's another name. Yes I guess. I- that's not as familiar to me. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Before they had the electric chair they used ropes and murderers were 312: uh uh hung. Interviewer: Okay. The man went out and 312: hanged himself. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Richmond is capital 312: Virginia. Interviewer: Raleigh? 312: North Carolina. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 312: {NW} Interviewer: Columbus is the capital of 312: Georgia. Interviewer: No. 312: No wait a minute. Columbus Mississip- uh Missouri. Interviewer: #1 I have south Carolina. # 312: #2 No Mississippi. # Mississippi. Wait a minute. Mississippi. Interviewer: I {X} wrong. 312: Oh. Interviewer: Columbia. 312: Columbia. {X} Missouri isn't it? Interviewer: No. South 312: Oh south Carolina. Interviewer: Yeah. 312: #1 Yeah that's right. South Carolina. # Interviewer: #2 I'm sorry I just read it # And Atlanta is the capital of 312: Georgia. Interviewer: Okay. Tallahassee? 312: Florida. Interviewer: Uh George Wallace governor of 312: of Alabama. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Baton Rouge is the capital of 312: Louisiana. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: The volunteer state is 312: {C: tape noise} Tennessee Interviewer: {NW} The show me state is 312: {C: tape noise} the what? Interviewer: Show me state? 312: I have no idea. Interviewer: {C: tape noise} You've already said it once when you were guessing the capital of {X} 312: Missouri? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: I have never heard it called that. Interviewer: That's its name like volunteer 312: I didn't know that. I never heard it. Interviewer: They say if you're from Missouri uh 312: Show me. I know that. #1 I know that # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 312: but I didn't know they called it that. Interviewer: Alright little rock is the capital of 312: Arkansas. Interviewer: Jackson {X} 312: Mississippi. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: The lone star state is 312: Texas. {C: tape noise} Texas. Interviewer: {X} 312: Oh Oklahoma. Interviewer: Right. Boston? 312: Massachusetts. Interviewer: And what do you call that whole group of states? 312: Um the new England states. Interviewer: Okay. What is the biggest city in Maryland? {C: tape noise} Baltimore. {C: tape noise} 312: Washington. Interviewer: {X} {C: tape noise} just just s- differentiate it from the state of Washington called 312: #1 Oh the cap- # Interviewer: #2 Washington # 312: uh Washington D-C. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} the biggest city in Missouri? {C: tape noise} 312: Saint Louis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is the old historical sea port in south Carolina? 312: Charleston. Interviewer: Okay. The big steel making town in Alabama? 312: Birmingham. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: city in Illinois? 312: Chicago. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright the capital of Alabama? 312: Uh Hmm. {C: tape noise} Montgomery of course. I know that. {X} seen the capitol many {C: tape noise} times. Interviewer: {NW} Now what's the name of that uh fairly large city on the gulf? 312: Uh uh uh Mobile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} What is the really pretty resort city in the mountains of north Carolina? 312: Uh Asheville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's the biggest city in east Tennessee? 312: Knoxville. Interviewer: And what's the one that will soon be bigger probably than Knoxville? It's on the border of 312: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Georgia. # 312: {C: tape noise} Uh {X} uh Chattanooga? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} west Tennessee where the blues started? 312: Me- Memphis. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} And what city is this? 312: Nashville. Interviewer: {NW} What is the capital of Georgia? 312: Uh Atlanta. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: And what's the biggest sea port in Georgia? 312: Uh Savannah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is the biggest city in uh the middle of Georgia? {C: tape noise} Well fort Benning is right {C: tape noise} 312: Uh {C: tape noise} I don't know. I don't Interviewer: Alright well I'm trying to get two cities here. There's one city 312: #1 Alban- # Interviewer: #2 It's {X} # 312: Not Albany. {X} Interviewer: It's right in the center 312: #1 Um uh um # Interviewer: #2 of Georgia. # 312: uh Mac- no. Interviewer: Yes. 312: Macon? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 312: #2 Macon. # Interviewer: And what's the other one? It's on the border of of Alabama where fort Benning is? Phenix city Alabama is on the other side. 312: Uh uh Interviewer: #1 It's named after the # 312: #2 {X} # Uh Co- uh Interviewer: Yeah. 312: Columbus? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What's the biggest city in Louisiana? 312: New Orleans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the capital of Louisiana? {C: tape noise} 312: Shreveport. Interviewer: No. 312: No uh uh n- uh not Shreveport. Uh {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Bat- 312: Baton Rouge. {NW} Course I know that. Seen the capital there many times. Interviewer: Have you? 312: Yes. {NW} Interviewer: There still a lot a' French people in Baton Rouge? 312: Yes there are. Interviewer: Okay. What is the biggest city in southern Ohio? {C: tape noise} 312: Uh Columbus. Interviewer: No. It begins with C. 312: Um {C: tape noise} Oh uh Cincinnati Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 312: #2 of course. # Interviewer: Biggest city in Kentucky? 312: {C: tape noise} Louisville. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} and she's not likely to get any better and somebody asks you how she's coming along you say well it {C: tape noise} 312: Uh {X} Seems to me she will not get well or Interviewer: #1 Okay. Okay. # 312: #2 something like that. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {C: tape noise} # Interviewer: Uh If your daughter did not help you with the dishes you'd say she went off playing 312: I don't know. Interviewer: Alright when you could have used help you might ask afterwards why did you just sit around 312: and not help me? Oh Interviewer: Close. {NW} It means in place of helping me. 312: I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Instead. 312: Huh? Interviewer: Instead? 312: Instead of yeah. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} What is the largest protestant denomination in the south? 312: Mm baptist I believe. Interviewer: Sure is. 312: {NW} Interviewer: If people became members of a church you say they 312: joined the church. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh {C: tape noise} 312: God? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} {C: tape noise} delivers a 312: sermon. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: One might one man might say I go to church to hear the sermon. Another man might say well I don't care about the sermon. I just go to hear 312: the music. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape noise} And to describe the music {C: tape noise} really like it you say it was Well anything that's extremely {C: tape noise} 312: It's uh beautiful. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Uh the enemy the opposite of God is the 312: devil. Interviewer: Have you heard any funny expressions or slang 312: #1 Well uh # Interviewer: #2 expressions for the devil? # 312: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {C: tape noise} # Mm-hmm. 312: And uh Interviewer: Have you ever Have you ever heard him called old Harry? 312: Yes I have. Interviewer: Have you? 312: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know why? 312: No. #1 Not yet {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay what do people see at night uh They're white. You know when people are scared they think they see these 312: Ghosts. Interviewer: Yeah. Anything else? 312: Spooks. {NW} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay. Any other names? 312: No I don't- can't think of one at the moment. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} call a house that has ghosts in it? 312: Uh haunted. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} If it's not {C: tape noise} to uh wear a coat you might say better put a sweater on. It's getting 312: chilly. Interviewer: Uh can you give me a word to describe chilly. 312: Uh it's uh {C: tape noise} {X} Interviewer: Well would you say sort of or somewhat or rather chilly? 312: Rather chilly. Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If you wanna say something stronger or more enthusiastic than yes you say {C: tape noise} 312: Yes indeed. Interviewer: How about a completely different word? 312: {X} Interviewer: Of course? 312: #1 Of # Interviewer: #2 You said of course. # 312: of course yeah. {NW} Of course. {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever say certainly? 312: Certainly yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Alright if I say If I don't believe you and I say do you really think you can do that you say well I 312: I'll try. Interviewer: No no no. If you're sure. 312: #1 Oh oh. # Interviewer: #2 If you- well I won't say the word but # {NW} If you know you can do it you say I 312: I am certain Interviewer: {NW} Well 312: that I can. Interviewer: I don't want you to use that word. 312: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Alright if I say # 312: #2 I'm sure. # Interviewer: Yeah. 312: Sure that I can. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} 312: #1 Positive # Interviewer: #2 Did you {X} # 312: that I can. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Did you used to say or maybe you still do. Do you say yes sir or yes ma'am to anybody? 312: Uh no {C: tape noise} I don't. Interviewer: But when you were a child? 312: Oh yes, though my family did not advocate that so much. But that Interviewer: #1 Oh you didn't? # 312: #2 was the southern # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {C: tape noise} # believe in it exactly. Interviewer: Okay. 312: But my- but it is- it was a southern custom but I was not trained to do it. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Did you have to say it to your teachers then? Or not? Did the teachers try to {X} 312: {C: tape noise} My my parents told me to say yes mrs so and so. Interviewer: I see. 312: No Mrs so and so. But not- no yes ma'am and no ma'am. {C: tape noise} {X} all my friends were trying to do {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Maybe they thought it sounded a little servile. 312: They- I think so. I don't know just why my family {C: tape noise} didn't. I think it's probably the influence of that same uncle. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh the tomato uncle. # 312: I think so. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} What might you exclaim if you're getting excited? {C: tape noise} 312: Oh dear. Interviewer: #1 Alright. Would you say # 312: #2 Or uh # Interviewer: my goodness? 312: My {C: tape noise} my goodness. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: If something shocking is reported, perhaps attributed to you, you might show kind of polite resentment by saying why that- {C: tape noise} 312: I Interviewer: It's a word that means thought. Why the 312: idea. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Will you say that 312: Yes. Interviewer: altogether? 312: Why the idea. Interviewer: Okay. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Would you ever say that? 312: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh okay. 312: {NW} Yes I would. {C: laughing} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Uh When you're at- meeting somebody {C: tape noise} some- to an old friend that you see all the time 312: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 how do you greet # that person? 312: Hello. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright if you're asking f- inquiring about their health? 312: Hello. How are you? Interviewer: Alright. How about if you're being introduced to a stranger in a 312: #1 How do you do? # Interviewer: #2 formal # Okay. If uh your friend's visiting and- and you're enjoyed the visit. You want her to come back you say {C: tape noise} 312: Merry Christmas. Happy new year. Interviewer: #1 Okay. That was my next question. How'd you guess? # 312: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Have you seen this before? 312: {NW} Interviewer: Okay is there another way to s- {C: tape noise} express your appreciation besides saying thank you? For example you might say I'm much 312: obliged. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} 312: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Uh You might say I have to go downtown now to do some 312: shopping. Interviewer: Alright. You made a purchase and the storekeeper took a piece of paper and {C: tape noise} And when I got home {X} package I 312: opened it. Interviewer: #1 Or- or 'un # 312: #2 Opened the package. # Interviewer: Undid the package. 312: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you say unwrapped? # 312: Unwrapped the package. Yes. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay. {NW} If you sell something for less than you paid for it you might say I had to sell it 312: at a- at a discount or at a uh uh that's not the word uh sacrifice. Interviewer: Or lo- 312: A loss. Interviewer: Would you say that? 312: Yes. At a loss I believe would be the best way. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} Say you admire something but you don't have enough money to buy it. You say I like it but it {C: tape noise} 312: I can't afford it. Interviewer: Alright but {C: tape noise} say I like it but it 312: it is too expensive. Interviewer: Okay. Or it co- 312: costs too much. {C: tape noise} {NW} Interviewer: If it's time to pay the bill you say the bill is 312: due. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you belong to a club you have to pay the 312: your dues. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} If you haven't got any money you go to a friend and try to 312: borrow. Interviewer: Alright. When a banker is gently refusing a loan he might say well money is 312: scarce. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh He ran down the springboard at the pool and 312: dived in. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} You might say well nine or ten have nine or ten boys have already 312: have already dived. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh have you ever Maybe you did this when you were a little kid. When you were learning how to {C: tape noise} and you don't- you land flat on your s- 312: Belly {X} {NW} Interviewer: Yeah belly 312: Belly belly whopper {NW} something like that. Interviewer: #1 Buster? # 312: #2 {NW} # Belly buster Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 Something like that. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {C: tape noise} # Interviewer: What do you call it what children do when they put their head on the ground and come over like that? 312: Uh uh uh somersault. Interviewer: Okay. He wanted to get across the river so he dived in and 312: swam. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh I like that swimming hole. I have 312: swum Interviewer: there. 312: there. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} I think they did this a long time ago. I don't know if they do it now or not. {C: tape noise} It used to be when you bought something or just brought your bill up to pay- paid your bill the s- storekeep would give you a little present and say it's for {C: tape noise} 312: Mm. I don't- I don't know. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Okay have you heard of I can't even pronounce. Look at this word and tell me if you've heard of it. {C: tape noise} 312: Uh no I can't pronounce that either. Interviewer: Alright. 312: {NW} Interviewer: I think that's only in Louisiana. 312: Yeah I think it is. Interviewer: Alright someone who was caught in a whirlpool and didn't get out. You say he was {C: tape noise} 312: sucked in. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Alright if he died underwater he 312: drowned. Interviewer: Right. What does a baby do before it's able to walk? 312: Toddles. Oh Interviewer: Alright on the floor. 312: Oh sh- crawls. Interviewer: Okay. You saw something up in the top of the tree. You wanted to take a loo- closer look at it so you went over to the tree {C: tape noise} Okay. {C: tape noise} Now I don't- I don't like trees. I've never 312: {NW} Interviewer: Uh 312: Climbed a tree. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} If a man wants to hide behind a low hedge he's got to 312: Uh Uh {C: tape noise} Hmm. Interviewer: Well if you get down in this position {X} 312: Crouch. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Okay. # 312: #2 Crouch. # {NW} Interviewer: If you are down on your knees at an altar you say I went up to the altar and I 312: knelt. Interviewer: Okay. If you're tired you say I'm gonna go {C: tape noise} 312: take a nap. {NW} Interviewer: Alright but if you're just going to describe the position of your body. 312: #1 Oh I'd lie down. # Interviewer: #2 You're not going to stand. # Say 312: Lie down. Interviewer: Okay. Uh He was really sick. He couldn't even sit up. He just {C: tape noise} Talking about something you saw in your sleep you say this is what I 312: dreamed. Interviewer: Alright. Uh You say I dreamed I was falling but just as I was about {C: tape noise} 312: I woke up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Yeah. To get a boat up on land you tie a rope to the bow and 312: pull it in. Uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Yeah. Interviewer: When your car is stuck in the mud or snow you have to 312: push it. {NS} Interviewer: Alright. If you carry a very heavy {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Now what was What were we talking about {C: tape noise} 312: About something {X} What was it? {NS} Interviewer: Oh uh Instead of carrying something heavy you might say I If it's real heavy I 312: lifted it? No. That wouldn't be it. Interviewer: Well you carried it but There's a word- there're a couple words that would indicate that it was heavy. 312: Uh Interviewer: Would you say or for example I lugged it? Or 312: I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: Uh Towed it? 312: #1 No I wouldn't say that either. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 312: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 312: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Probably just carried {X} 312: Carried it. {NS} Interviewer: Alright. {C: phone conversation begins. 312's voice is more distant} 312: I did. Yes. I did and I left you the uh something there at the door. That survey. Yes that's right. Yeah that's right. Yes I got the prints too. {NW} Yes. Well I got them. Thank you very much. I got twelve. Yes. Well I did. {X} Well I got twelve. Mm-mm. Well I'm- I've got that many. Yeah. {NS} Well I did. {NW} So Oh no I'm not {X} I am doing it. Right now I am doing something else I'll tell you about later. I'll call you and tell you what I've been doing. {NW} Alright. {C: laughing} {NW} {X} {X} {NS} They're coming tomorrow. {X} {C: tape noise} Oh I see. Mm-hmm. Well next week we'll work out something. Uh Yes. Well I'll Yes well you find out and we'll wo- we'll work it out. Alright I'll talk to you. Alright bye bye. {NS} {C: tape noise} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. {C: laughing} {NW} You might tell a child the stove is very hot so 312: be careful. Interviewer: Or don't 312: D- uh Don't touch it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you needed a hammer you might say to me please {C: tape noise} 312: hand me a hammer. Interviewer: Alright but not You want s- to send me for it. You'd say please 312: please {C: tape noise} get me a hammer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever say fetch? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. Bring? 312: Bring. Yes. Interviewer: Okay. {C: whispering} What uh What do you call the things at the end of a football field that you have to get the ball over? 312: Oh uh Oh dear. {NW} I can't think. {C: laughing} {NW} Oh, now what do you call it? pole- the goal posts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: Goal posts. Interviewer: Alright say you've got a ball and there's two kids two kids are playing with a ball. One throws and the other 312: Uh catches. Interviewer: Okay. You say I threw the ball and he 312: caught it. Interviewer: Alright. I've been fishing for trout but so far I haven't 312: caught any. Interviewer: Alright. Okay you might say let's meet in town. If I get there first I'll 312: wait for you. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} Alright. S- uh There's a man who's been working for you and uh he's done- done something that's caused you to discharge him. He might come back to you and ask you to take him on again saying please just give me 312: another try. Another uh chance. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} If a man is is always in Let's see. If a man can always see the point of a joke you say he's got a very good sense 312: sense of humor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh If you have a hired man who keeps loafing on the job all the time you might decide to to discharge him. And you say to a friend of yours I think I'm just {C: tape noise} 312: fire him. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 Uh # Interviewer: Or get 312: get rid of him. Interviewer: Alright. Have you ever heard get shut of him? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} He didn't know what was going on at all but he It sort of means he pretended {X} He a- 312: He acted as if he did. Interviewer: Alright. {C: tape noise} If someone stole your pencil is there a slang word you might use in saying who 312: Who who pinched my pencil? {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard swiped? 312: Yeah swiped Interviewer: #1 Have you heard of filched? # 312: #2 is another word. # Well filched is not- Yes I've heard that but that's not as usual. Interviewer: Okay. 312: But swiped would be really more usual. Interviewer: Alright. Uh Let's see. I ask a question and I expect 312: an answer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You put a letter into an envelope and then you take your pen and 312: address it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh if you wanna write to someone you have to know you his 312: address. Interviewer: Okay. Uh If a little boy has learned something new for instance if he's learned how to whistle and you wanna know where he learned that you might say well who 312: taught you. Interviewer: Okay. Uh When are you going to Miami? Well right now we're 312: planning to go. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say we intend to go? 312: Yes that would be one way of saying it. Interviewer: Or we're fixing to go? 312: No. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} What uh {C: tape noise} If a little boy has done something naughty and his sister sees him do it the little boy {X} might say now don't go to mother and 312: tell her. Interviewer: Okay. What is it- what is a person called who always tells on somebody? 312: H- uh uh {C: tape noise} tattle tale. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh if you want a bouquet for the dinner table you go out to the garden and pick 312: pick a bunch a' flowers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: {NW} Interviewer: What's something that a child plays with? 312: Toys. Interviewer: Have you ever heard uh any other terms for toys? 312: Play things. Interviewer: Have you ever heard a' play pretty? 312: N- No not usually. No. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Interviewer: I'm glad I I'm glad I carried my umbrella you might say. We hadn't gone half a block when the rain 312: started. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} How about uh a word that begins with B that means the same thing as started. When the rain 312: began. Began. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody asks you what time d- does the show start you say well it's already 312: started. {C: tape noise} It's already {C: tape noise} Interviewer: Be- 312: begun. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 312: It's already begun. {C: tape noise} Interviewer: You give somebody a new bracelet and you say to her why don't you {C: tape noise} 312: wear it. Interviewer: Or put 312: put it on. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {C: tape noise} If you're sitting with a friend and you're not saying anything and all of a sudden the friend says what did you say You'd say well I said N- If you didn't say anything you said 312: I didn't say anything. Interviewer: #1 Or I said # 312: #2 I said nothing. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Then you'd say oh I thought you said 312: something. {NW} Interviewer: Uh You might say I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever 312: since. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Uh It wasn't an accident. He did it 312: purposely. Interviewer: #1 Or # 312: #2 He # uh i- in- on purpose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh {C: tape noise} If two little boys every time they see each other they do like this. 312: #1 Fighting. # Interviewer: #2 They say # Okay. Uh Ever since they were small {C: tape noise} 312: fought. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape noise} What does somebody do if they kill someone with a knife? 312: They stab them. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 312: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 # 312: #2 # Interviewer: Uh what is it called when you pull you knife out of the holder? 312: Uh scabbard? Interviewer: Uh what's the action? 312: Oh. Interviewer: Or when you make picture you {C: tape noise} If you're- if you're picture with pencil. 312: You Draw. Draw the knife. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 312: #2 Of course. # Yeah. Interviewer: If you're going to lis- lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you must use pulley blocks and a rope to 312: to uh uh pull it. To uh {C: tape noise} hoist? Interviewer: Yes. 312: Hoist it. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Now I have to ask {X} Uh couple of opinions 312: #1 Oh dear. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Is there any We're through with the survey now. 312: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Is there # anything that you expected me to ask or any type of thing that I didn't ask? 312: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Okay. Uh And do you have any opinions on on good grammar or or dialects? How do you feel about the s- about the south? In terms of its dialects or its uh standardness? 312: Well uh I don't know. I can't {C: tape noise} don't know. {C: tape noise} Course we have uh {C: tape noise} dialects. And in different sections of the country have different. Even Tennessee. The three different sections are quite different. Interviewer: Oh sure. 312: There are accents different. And it's quite different and we have different uh customs. And different way of speaking. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Okay. {C: laughing} 312: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Uh is that all you wanna say 312: #1 That's all # Interviewer: #2 about it? # 312: I wanna say. Interviewer: Okay. Thank 312: {X} {C: laughing} {NW} {C: tape noise} 330: {X} Interviewer: So you but you're not sure? 330: No I I've done this done slipped me {X} seems true I don't I've never hadn't told nothing like that but I have heard people way back old time talking about {X} you know {X} and they they couldn't get a doctor in there just an old lady to come. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I heard 'em talking about it. {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: Okay and one has the same color hair same color eyes that his father has same {X} nose and so forth you'd say the boy 330: was the image of his father. Interviewer: Okay. Any other way you'd say that? 330: Well just like his dad. Interviewer: Okay. would you say takes after, resembles, 330: #1 resembles # Interviewer: #2 or looks like? # 330: takes after his father. Interviewer: Okay. What if you don't necessarily look like him but he has the same behavior? 330: #1 As his # Interviewer: #2 Same # 330: father? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well he had some of his father's habits. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: I'd say he don't uh he doesn't don't look exactly look like him but takes {D: after him} Interviewer: What if it's bad that he does? If his father wasn't {X} 330: Well his father was cruel, is that too much it's bad he just maybe he has some of his good habits uh I hope well of course naturally I hope he don't have the bad habits. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I I I know I wouldn't want mine to have the bad habits. And I guess you'd just say just he he has some maybe has some of his bad features features or something. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay look um so if the mother's looked after three children until they're all grown up you'd say that she's what three children she's 330: She's uh has raised three children. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Grew them to be women I'd say girls grown people. she looked at 'em watched after 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a child was misbehaving you'd say, "Now if you do that again you're gonna get a..." 330: Whipping. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word for that? Any other expression? 330: Uh if you don't mind now I'm gonna have to I'm gonna have to get a hold of you something or another {X} if you don't do something right get a hold of it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But I'd say best would be best thing would be to say if you don't mind, I'm gonna whip you. If you don't #1 quit # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: doing something. Interviewer: Okay um a child that's born to a woman that's not married you'd call that child a 330: {X} illegitimate child. illegitimate Interviewer: Okay any other word you may have heard people say? 330: well let's uh yeah a {D: wild woods kid} Interviewer: A what? 330: I've heard 'em say {NW} {D: woods colt} I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You ever heard that? I've heard 'em say woods colt. Interviewer: Yeah. Anything else? Wasn't very nice maybe to say, or 330: uh Interviewer: you heard people say? Did people use the word bastard? 330: Yeah yeah I've heard 'em say #1 that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Is that not is that a 330: #1 I I I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: yeah I wouldn't want to use it as a saying but I've heard 'em say that, a bastard child. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um talk about the word "loving." You say, "James is a loving child but Peggy is even..." 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay. But talk about "loving," so you say, "James is loving but Peggy is even..." 330: Uh uh more Interviewer: More loving than 330: More loving I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Um so your brother's son would be called your 330: My brother's son? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Would be called my my boy. I guess. Interviewer: Okay um wouldn't be your niece, it'd be your 330: Child. Interviewer: You wouldn't he wouldn't be your niece, he'd be your 330: You talking about my son you talking about? Interviewer: Yes. 330: Oh. Interviewer: Your your brother's son. 330: Oh yeah yeah yeah be my nephew. Yeah I I just I didn't really get the point of what you Interviewer: Yeah. Okay a child that's lost both parents is called a 330: Orphan. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: And the person appointed to look after the orphan is called a 330: Guard a guardian. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay. And a woman who gives a party and invites all the people that are related to her you'd say she asked all her 330: Friends no her kin people her related or something I don't know exactly. You said she invited all the people Interviewer: That are related 330: related to her. She asked all her all the kin people I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word for that? 330: Well it'd be all her folks I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually I'm no 330: Has the same family name? Interviewer: And she looks like me but actually we're no 330: No kin. Interviewer: Okay. Um somebody comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before. You'd say that he's a 330: Stranger. Interviewer: Okay. What if he comes from a different country? 330: He's a he's a foreigner. Interviewer: Okay. um {D: the names of some names} um the name of the mother of Jesus 330: Huh? Interviewer: The name of the mother of Jesus. 330: Uh Mary. Interviewer: Okay. And George Washington's wife. 330: Martha. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you ever heard the song "wait till the sun shines?" 330: Song "wait till the #1 sun shines?" # Interviewer: #2 "sun shines," yeah. # 330: Yeah I believe I have #1 been a long time, I # Interviewer: #2 What's his name? # 330: I don't I I couldn't tell you I believe I've heard "wait till the sun shines," I don't it's been so long I don't know what to call it. Interviewer: Um it's a nickname for Helen starting with an N. 330: Helen? Interviewer: Yes. Starts with an N. {NS} 330: Nickname for Helen. I just don't know I couldn't couldn't figure that out. {X} Interviewer: What about Nellie? 330: About what? Interviewer: Nellie? Nellie? 330: Nellie. Interviewer: Nellie the girl? 330: Oh yeah yeah {X} I can't even hear what you're saying {NS} {X} {NS} {NS} {NS} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay um nickname for a boy named William. 330: Bill. Interviewer: Okay or Bill 330: Huh? Interviewer: What do you call a male goat? 330: Male goat? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Ram. Interviewer: Okay or a 330: A billy or I mean a male goat billy and a ram is a sheep yeah I got {X} Interviewer: Okay um the who wrote the first of the four gospels? goes something Mark Luke and John 330: {X} I couldn't tell you to save my life. Interviewer: starts Ma- 330: Matthew? Interviewer: Okay. Um a woman who conducts school is called a 330: Uh conducts it? Teacher? Interviewer: Okay. What'd you call 'em when you went to school? 330: I well I called 'em I called her my teacher. Interviewer: Okay. You never heard school schoolmarm or school ma'am or anything like that? 330: Uh-uh. {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um this is a common family name. It's it's the name of a barrel maker. It's a family name. 330: Family name. Family name. Interviewer: You ever heard of Cooper, a cooper? 330: {D: a cooper} Interviewer: Yes. Did you ever hear that? 330: I don't I don't remember if I'd ever heard it before. Not as I not as I remember. Interviewer: And what would you call a married woman by that name? 330: A married woman by her {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Call her her husband would be Mr she'd Cooper, she'd be 330: Mrs Cooper. Interviewer: Okay or you'd just call her missus? 330: Just Ms Cooper. Interviewer: Okay. Um a preacher that's not really trained doesn't have a regular pulpit, he sorta preaches here and there, not a real preacher, you might call him a what 330: {NS} {NW} Wasn't a real preacher just a substitute preacher like {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} wasn't ordained to preach. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I guess you'd call him a just a kind of a speaker. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you ever use the word "jackleg" or "yard ax" for {X} preacher? 330: Well {NW} I've heard that said about a lot of 'em that preaches Interviewer: Yeah? 330: something like that about 'em. Interviewer: What's that? 330: About 'em being a jackleg preacher. That's what a lot of people says about {D: second} preachers there. Interviewer: How what does that word mean? 330: Just what wasn't any good at it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: what I'm saying. Interviewer: Would you use the word about something other than a preacher? 330: About the jackleg? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Jackleg oh I bet I've seen jacklegs of all trades. Try to be do something of everything, you know? Call 'em jackleg {X} Did you ever hear that? Interviewer: Yeah. Jack uh jack 330: {X} Jacklegs of all trades. hey Interviewer: Would you talk about a jackleg teacher, jackleg lawyer? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Interviewer: What about jackleg mechanic? 330: Uh we have them too I'd say. Interviewer: Would you say jackleg to that? 330: Well there wouldn't be no good one {X} I'd call 'em something like jackleg Interviewer: yeah 330: Till they got uh better training or something you know. Or just a or just a I don't know {D: fakeout} And I think we got more jacklegs than we have mechanics, too. Interviewer: {NW} Um what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 330: Uh your mother's sister? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 Your aunt. # Interviewer: Okay. Um the name of the wife of Abraham 330: I couldn't I couldn't tell I couldn't say for my life {X} Interviewer: It's a girl's name starting with an S. 330: Uh her name starts with S? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or Sally is a nickname for 330: Oh Sally is {X} Interviewer: Yeah it's a nickname for what? 330: Sally is? Interviewer: Sa- 330: Sarah. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Sarah. Interviewer: Um okay the if someone's nicknamed Bill his full name is 330: Someone nicknamed Bill is William, full name William. Interviewer: Okay if your had a brother by that name you'd call him 330: Uncle Bill. Interviewer: or 330: Uh Uncle William. Interviewer: By his full name, call him by his full name, "Uncle..." 330: Uncle Uncle uh I'd call that name uh William or Bill. Interviewer: Uh-huh, William. 330: I called my uncle Bill. Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see what let's see the highest rank in the army. 330: A general Interviewer: Okay. What about a little bit lower than that? 330: Major. Interviewer: What else? 330: Well there's a there's a well of course sergeant's on down below that way down below it isn't it? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I guess a a lieutenant. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say. Interviewer: The old man that introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken what's his? 330: Colonel. Interviewer: Colonel? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the man in charge of a ship? 330: Uh yeah I can't think of anything in my life. Interviewer: C cap 330: Captain? Interviewer: Okay. Um did you ever hear that word used by colored people talking to white people? 330: About captain? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} They say that? 330: I heard 'em call cap many times so and so old cap old cap. Interviewer: Old cap? 330: Mm-hmm old cap called 'em old cap. I have a lot of 'em call me old cap. It says they think a lot of me you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They call me sit down and take your hat off call me old cap come out I'll talk to you. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You know they want something Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: you know when they come up like that} Yeah always wanting me to do something for 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. The man who presides over a court what do you call him? 330: He's attorney general. Interviewer: Okay yeah. 330: Or foreman. There's a foreman of the grand jury {X} course the guy who {X} court is a would be the attorney general wouldn't it? Interviewer: Yeah. Go back to the one who decides the case 330: Judge. Interviewer: Yes. You sound like you know pretty much about courts. 330: Hmm? Me? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I I ain't never been in court now don't get {NW} Interviewer: It's been what I was wondering when you said attorney general you just been watching Watergate? #1 A lot? learn with that or what? # 330: #2 {C: 330 mumbling sounds in denial of interviewer's statement} # No I never watched Watergate. I well I've seen it come on and I'd get up and go {X} and turn it off. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I told her I ain't gonna be watching it I ain't gonna do it. {X} ain't none of my business, I ain't had nothing to do with it I ain't too worried about it. Interviewer: Tell me huh? 330: {X} You take a judge had a lot to put up with and a lot of the times the judges caused a lotta this stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It goes on they don't they don't get nothing {D: finally} {D: like mister} {X} before you came in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And and nothing that he did she's talking about {X} daughter down in there colored guy come out followed her around there the other night she got all worried. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh she finally got in the car {D: even got in the car} and locked the car and she sat sit there and he set and set and watched her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: So finally she decided to start the drive round and go around the block or two Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 something or other. # 330: then come back see if he's still around. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 And she # She then come back and he wasn't then she run on home. And she said there's gonna have to be something done about it. {X} asked me if I {X} I said I'd definitely do it. {C: tape overlaid} We gonna have to have something done you see before we can lay down and sleep. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It's dangerous now to even uh I thought about it last night maybe somebody might stop you and do something to you you know you don't ever know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It's just awful. It ain't as bad in the country as it is in these big cities you know of course but still we have a lotta stuff go on. I tell you. And there's got to be something done with 'em not just arrest 'em then turn 'em loose don't they gonna just keep getting worse and worse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Robbing banks, steal robbing people. They're snatching people. I read about it this week {X} people were shopping and and those uh {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Why And they grabbed those poor women's pocketbooks and run with 'em take 'em out just check 'em off snatch 'em {X} snatch 'em. And that's all. You can't go in and look to try to buy you a dress or something or other you know without somebody one of them grabbing your Interviewer: Yeah. 330: purse. Course I wouldn't want to kill nobody for that but I mean there's a lot of things they do do and killing people and all like that I think you should take some of 'em's lives like #1 they took # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: that poor man and woman's life. And you know we didn't have things this bad back uh a few years ago it wasn't like this. It just got outta hand the last two or three years it got worse and worse. Interviewer: What would they do with people then? Well you had the electric chair. 330: Uh they well some of 'em gas 'em. Course {X} but now we passed a law {X} {X} {X} passed it you gonna they gonna kill 'em. For certain crimes you know. Interviewer: Yeah 330: I believe it's three or four crimes they do. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They will kill 'em. Interviewer: But when you were growing up they didn't gas 'em then did they? 330: No they they way back little when I was real small they they I uh you know they'd hang 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: But then they got to electrocuting 'em. And electrocuting 'em what they say is I don't know I never been in the penitentiary but they sit down in the chair they strap these things around 'em Interviewer: yeah 330: and they have a uh quite a lotta buttons and they have quite a several different ones push 'em or push a button and nobody knows which one pushed the right button {X} you #1 see. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 330: Anyway nobody knows who killed him. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: So that wouldn't be too bad. I couldn't stand {D: folks who'd kill that way} kill him if I knew I killed him you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But uh well they well that's what they told me of course. Now I may be wrong but #1 I been # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: told that's the way it is in there. There are a whole bunch of buttons then and several punch a button but they don't know which one punched the right button. Interviewer: Yeah. So you um before before they had the electric chair murderers were {C: tape overlaid} 330: Well they'd just they they they they thought about a lot of stuff, you know and all and {D: nobody was really} gonna be something done with 'em. Put in the pen for life or kill 'em #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: something be done. Interviewer: If they tied a rope around 'em they were 330: Swung up hung Interviewer: they were 330: I've seen 'em hung. pictures of 'em where they're #1 hung # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: you know. {NS} You let one string up let 'em see it it it it'd shake up the country you know, they ain't gonna they gonna think about that before they go do some of that stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay someone who goes to school would be called a 330: somebody that goes to school? #1 Pupil? # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Okay. Any other name for that? 330: Well Interviewer: Talking about college 330: You talking about going to college? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh college student. Interviewer: Okay. Um woman who works in an office, takes care of the mail and does the typing and stuff well she's called 330: Secretary Interviewer: Okay. And a man on the stage would be an actor, a woman would be {X} 330: A man on stage is actor, then a woman would be Interviewer: Yeah what? You wouldn't call her an actress an actor you'd 330: Actress. Wasn't it? Interviewer: Okay um if you were born in the United States you'd be called a 330: American. Interviewer: Okay. And um let's see what names are there for colored people? What different names are there? 330: For colored Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well well the one that I reckon {X} as a nigger you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And colored people too of course some of 'em call 'em I never do call him a nigger right to his face. Always call 'em colored. And uh some of 'em call 'em Negroes some of 'em nigger. And colored black people. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} I've heard 'em called. Interviewer: What about joking words or insulting words? 330: {X} Interviewer: Yeah referring to colored people. Or something worse. 330: I don't know what you mean, what you what you'd say to 'em, something? Interviewer: Well like um say I've heard the word coon. 330: Oh well I've heard niggers say we call 'em coons. Somehow I never heard nobody call 'em coons in my life. Interviewer: Yeah. You've heard colored people say 330: I've heard them say that yeah I've heard colored people say so and so call 'em coons. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And you know I've read in the paper you know they'd say that man or person called 'em a coon. Interviewer: Any other words like that? 330: Well no I don't know. I guess probably they have been called to me some devil. Interviewer: {NW} Mm-hmm. 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay but so you you were or me would be called a 330: Uh what are we called? Interviewer: Yeah we wouldn't be colored we'd be 330: We'd be white. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for white people? 330: Well um yeah there's uh uh white people there are Jews and Indians and {C: pronunciation as injuns} {X} I guess you would have to be wouldn't called white. Interviewer: Indians are white? 330: Mm-hmm. They're they're a little brown #1 I mean but # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: {D: they stay out uh live out in the open} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 like uh # but their color's a little bit different. But as far as that goes I'd call 'em a white Interviewer: Yeah. 330: person. Interviewer: Would you call people from Japan white? 330: Japanese. Interviewer: are they #1 white? # 330: #2 Yeah # I'd say so uh they uh they uh are a little different in the face and all Interviewer: Yeah. 330: talk different of course but I guess you'd have to call 'em as a kind of a white person. Interviewer: Japanese and Chinese and 330: Mm-hmm they look a little funny in the eyes and face but I guess you'd call 'em a white. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what about a a child where one parent's white and one of 'em's colored? 330: Well I don't know what you'd call it. I guess a {NS} um {X} it would be mixed. I don't know what you'd call it I I guess there would be something out there to call it I know I know some I know a few that was raised in this country. Interviewer: One parent's white and one parent's black? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do they think of themselves then? 330: well they they they had to go most of 'em {D: to be with the colored people} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh they each time the ones I'm talking about their father was wealthy the man had a colored woman stay with him cook for him #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: And uh one of 'em had one child boy one of 'em had two boys and a girl. And both of 'em were wealthy men. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh one of 'em sent his kids off you know to go to school because they wouldn't let 'em go to white school in this country you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And sent two of 'em went off and the girl married some {X} She was the pretty girl now that you ever looked at. Interviewer: She married a what? 330: she married a white fellow {X} something {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What's that? 330: {X} farmer some kind of Interviewer: Yeah. 330: guy that I don't know what you'd they call him {X} {C: tape overlaid} Well they come from a foreign country. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He didn't he uh she was a good-looking girl now this other a brother of hers was smart as a whip too and this third child they had was wasn't too smart but he was a good boy there wasn't ever {X} a better boy. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But this other guy {X} and busted 'em all to pieces spent every bit the money {X} and this boy wasn't wasn't too smart uh his daddy came home at uh {D: never could get any weight on him} and uh this sister here went in and got all in debt for her mother kind of mother like that was her some way or another and uh she died {X} all the expenses and they didn't have it so they'd come back here and sold {C: tape overlaid} or both brothers farm to get the money to pay the expenses. I I uh I heard I heard {X} It's a shame that poor boy had to give up {X} sell his farm. today Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} to never be bought sold or nothing. and he got a little old shack {X} two room thing lives in {X} I reckon he make a good living {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} best boys I ever knew, real friendly. But it's right funny they said they didn't know what they were called didn't know #1 what # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: they'd be called that's right. {X} I told him I don't know what to call 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I don't. They the the white people didn't want 'em, the colored people didn't want 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: neither one of 'em wanted 'em with 'em you know. Interviewer: That's really sad. 330: And one of 'em this one did never did marry, the one I'm telling you about until he finally got {X} finally married a colored girl. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Then she wouldn't live with him, she left him went run off with another nigger. And uh had left him all with a house full of children and his wife's mother then {X} and I guess {D: she got the} children raised 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Course I don't know if she still got 'em. Her husband died and his uh wife mother husband was the other one man didn't have one boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: they were only married boy boy he was {X} and a good boy too. Interviewer: What's um {C: tape overlaid} colored people call the white men they worked for? 330: Boss. Old boss. Interviewer: Boss? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did they ever use a word like master marse 330: Yeah I've heard 'em call 'em master too. Interviewer: Who'd they call who'd call that 330: {NW} the colored guy call his his white boss or master or boss or master, something or other. and it mighta been that they may have called him other things but Interviewer: Yeah. 330: but like I said your colored guy that lived with a white fellow and they was good to him. They never turn in against him. No uh colored person never turn in against his boss. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: They would never believe that but it was true you know. Interviewer: What names are there for different types of white people 330: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 like # What names are there for different types of white people like white people that don't have any money but they don't seem to care 330: #1 they don't care about anything # Interviewer: #2 yeah they don't work # they you said that 330: common trash Interviewer: Okay. 330: I guess you'd call it. They don't care about nothing you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah we got a lot of those country. Just like I got some good colored friends talked to me about it here a while back said Mr Johnny says I tell you say our country's getting in a tough seat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: He says that uh uh uh "my class of people just robbing and killing stealing and doing everything {X} want the government to keep 'em up, just oughta get 'em {X} railroad {X} ready to retire" {X} {X} And and uh he said "then you've got a bunch of you white colored trash ain't they just as low down as my folks" I said "that's right. That's right." We have a terrible bunch of 'em and you could give 'em a million dollars today let's say Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and in thirty days they wouldn't have a dime of it. They'd go out and throw it away do something with it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} don't want nothing {NS} Wouldn't happen. You couldn't give it to 'em. {C: tape overlaid} {X} that they really commoner than the colored person. {X} Course there's no cure in the world for nobody be that common. Way I see it #1 shouldn't be # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: that common. Interviewer: What do you mean common? 330: Don't care don't care nothing about nobody just live like cats and dogs Interviewer: Yeah. What'd you call someone who lives way up in the mountains? 330: #1 Well uh # Interviewer: #2 Does # 330: what I call 'em? Interviewer: Yeah is there an expression for them? 330: I don't know much about up in the mountains now I couldn't tell you too much on that I never have been up in there. Interviewer: Maybe a word like Hoosier or hillbilly or cracker. 330: Something like that? Interviewer: Yeah have you ever do you use any of these words? 330: Well I never like I said I never have been there up up in those I don't know what I guess you'd maybe some of 'em are called hillbillies, I don't know or mountaineers or something. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mountaineers I'd guess you'd call 'em. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay suppose someone was waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere. They call out to you to ask if you'll be ready soon, you'd say oh I'll be with you in 330: In uh fifteen minutes. Interviewer: Or in 330: {NS} or in a minute Interviewer: Just a 330: a little while {NS} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Okay or if you were just fixing to be ready you might say I'll be with you in a 330: In a in a in a {X} Interviewer: or just 330: a little while Interviewer: just a minute 330: minute Interviewer: what's that 330: a minute, a shortly, a little while uh which'd be the best? Shortly? Interviewer: yeah I was I was thinking of expressions just I'll be with you in just 330: Just a jiffy. Interviewer: {C: tape overlaid} Um {NS} so if someone said {C: tape overlaid} offered you a choice of two things asked you which one you wanted you say oh it doesn't make any difference to me just give me you want 330: This one. Interviewer: Or just give me {C: tape overlaid} I don't 330: Give me that one or something. Interviewer: Yeah I don't care I'll take 330: I'll take this one. Interviewer: Or I'll take 330: I'll take uh this one or that one, either one, wouldn't make any difference to me I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um talk about parts of your body this part of your head is called your 330: Forehead. Interviewer: Okay. And this is your 330: Hair. Interviewer: And on a man this is uh 330: Whiskers Interviewer: or 330: beard. Interviewer: Okay and this is my 330: ear Interviewer: Which one? 330: Uh your your left ear. Interviewer: Okay and this is my 330: Right ear. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Right ear. Interviewer: Okay. And this is my 330: Mouth. Interviewer: Okay and this is the 330: {D: toe} Interviewer: or the whole thing is the 330: {D: nape} Interviewer: Okay. What about this? 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay um that little thing that sits 330: Swallow? Interviewer: yeah it's what what's {D: guzzle} mean? 330: well that's a that there's I I'd say that the thing right there what #1 I call it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # it moves up and down 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay this is a 330: Teeth? Interviewer: Or just one 330: Gum? {C: tape overlaid} The teeth there? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Teeth Interviewer: Yeah this is my front 330: front teeth Interviewer: Or just one is a just my front 330: Tooth. Interviewer: Okay. And these are my 330: Front teeth. Interviewer: The flesh around the teeth is the 330: Your gum. Interviewer: Okay and this is the what part of my hand? 330: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: Okay this is a 330: Fist. Interviewer: Make two 330: Two fists. Interviewer: Okay um and where the bones come together you call that a 330: Joint. Interviewer: Okay. And on a man this is the 330: Breast? Interviewer: What about 330: Shoulder? Interviewer: Yeah on a man do you say breast? 330: Chest? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay um these are my 330: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay. Um and this is a 330: Hand. Interviewer: Two 330: Two hands. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Hand, right hand and left hand. Interviewer: Or two 330: Two hands. Interviewer: Okay um this is my 330: Knee. Interviewer: The whole thing's the 330: Leg. Interviewer: Okay and this is one 330: Foot. Interviewer: Two 330: Two feet. Interviewer: Okay. Um and this bone here 330: It's that's your shin. Interviewer: Okay. What if I get down in in this position? 330: Squat? Interviewer: Yeah any other expression for that? 330: Just uh sat down squat uh Interviewer: Yeah. Do you say get down on your 330: Hunkers. Interviewer: Hunkers? 330: {NS} That's what I'd say I don't know. Interviewer: Um is that different from squatting #1 down? # 330: #2 Yes # well they're probably the same thing but I told you get #1 down # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 330: on your squat would be hunkers. Interviewer: Okay. If I'm someone who's been sick for a while, can you say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 330: Pale. Interviewer: Or okay any other word for that he still #1 looks a bit # 330: #2 Well he # still looks thin. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone who's in real good shape can lift heavy weights and stuff what do you say? 330: Strong strong as a giant. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expression for that? 330: Well he's strong as a ox. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you say he's big and 330: Strong. Interviewer: Okay do you use the word stout? 330: Stout? I'd say stout as a ox or giant or something or other. Interviewer: What does the word stout mean? 330: {D: just strong} strong, big stout. That's what I'd say. Interviewer: Okay um would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? 330: Butter? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking about butter that was turning bad would you say it was stout? 330: I don't know what we called it it would be smelling stout or something you mean? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know. I never heard it called stout. Of course it's sour you might smell you might say smell rank Interviewer: Yeah. 330: instead of stout. I'd say it smelled rank. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone who's real easy to get along with never loses his temper you'd say he's very 330: He's he is very pleasant. Interviewer: Okay. Would you use that word about a horse? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Would you use that word about an animal? Like a horse? 330: If it's quiet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah a horse I'd say is is is often good and gentle. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say the horse is pleasant? 330: Mm-hmm yeah I think {X} when he's gentle and quiet you know I'd say he's pleasant. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay say a teenage boy who just seems to be all arms and legs always stumbling over things dropping things how'd you describe him? 330: {NW} Awkward? Interviewer: Okay. Any other words like that? 330: Well he'd kinda be unbalanced I'd #1 say # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: couldn't exactly handle himself like sure. Interviewer: Someone uh that just keeps on doing things that they just don't make any sense you say that person's just a plain 330: Plain fool. Interviewer: Okay. Is that a nice word to use? 330: Well it wouldn't be uh no I wouldn't think it'd be too nice but that's what I'd have to say if he done kept doing something bad and wouldn't stop Interviewer: Yeah. 330: you asked him to stop. {NS} I'd say he was {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Someone who doesn't spend any money at all you say they're 330: A miser. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word for that? 330: well {X} I guess {X} Interviewer: Okay so let's say an old person still gets around real well still is active and so forth you say that they're 330: {X} still uh active uh getting around being {X} or something like that you would say Interviewer: Do you use the word 330: remarkable. Interviewer: spry or #1 happy? # 330: #2 Spry # #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 or something? # 330: remarkable spry to be old Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say Interviewer: Do you use that word about children? 330: say {X} Interviewer: say would you say that about children that children were spry? 330: Well I I actually I might say the the children were active quick or something #1 like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 330: that I'd say. Interviewer: It sounds funny to say that they're spry? 330: Well I think it would. Interviewer: Yeah. Say say your children were out later than usual you'd say well I guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 330: worried worried about 'em. Interviewer: Or a little 330: uneasy about 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say I'm not going upstairs in the dark I'm 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 330: {X} Interviewer: Huh? 330: Little scared to go up in the dark. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say you know that song the old gray mare she ain't 330: {NW} what she used to be. Interviewer: Okay. You say I don't understand why she's scared of the dark now she 330: Can't see. Interviewer: Yeah or say um I don't see why she's afraid now she's 330: Gotten old? Interviewer: Yeah. What's the opposite of used to be? 330: Opposite of what you used to be? Interviewer: Yes. You say she 330: Has gotten Interviewer: So she used to be or didn't used to be or 330: Be scared? Interviewer: used not to be? Yeah how would you say that? {NS} 330: Well she uh used to didn't be scared. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then and she gotten old she shouldn't be scared now. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say. Interviewer: Okay and someone who goes out and leaves a lot of money on the table then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door you say that he's {X} what? 330: {D: honest} Interviewer: Yeah or he's mighty what with his money? 330: Mighty careless with his money. Interviewer: Okay. 330: The guy that left the money Interviewer: Yeah. 330: mighty careless. Interviewer: Um what about someone who's you say there's nothing really wrong with that lady but sometimes she acts kinda {C: tape overlaid} 330: Crazy? Interviewer: Okay. What about another word for that? 330: Acts kinda silly sometimes I'd say. Interviewer: Okay what about the word queer or quare? 330: Yeah queer I guess I guess that would be alright. Interviewer: What's that mean? 330: {D: that's something same thing doing something that} {D: was just a little bit} funny to you. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Queer. Interviewer: Has that word changed meanings recently? Do you still use that word? 330: Uh yeah I guess so. Guess it would be used. Interviewer: Would you ever say someone is you'd say would you ever say he's a queer? To mean that he's 330: He's I wouldn't say that he's a queer boy, or so lot of people say it I don't know if I'd ever say it. I've heard other people say it about you know boys hey that's a that's a that's a terrible queer boy. Interviewer: What does that mean? 330: just peculiar and funny I imagine {X} curious kinda what I think. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Set in his ways you know little different different than the most average other boys. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Kinda funny. We got a boy {X} here is funny acts like a boy {X} hold a sign and talks carries on acting Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: funny {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} exact right boy I mean talk like he does sixteen year old boy Interviewer: yeah 330: he's not {X} he said somebody {X} this week he {X} kill his dad something I told him yes son that's something you don't never wanna see anybody doing killing your father and mother just forget that you can't do it. And he left home was staying with his grandparents Interviewer: Mm. 330: and wasn't wasn't for {X} and I said a long time I betcha something ain't {X} and he just couldn't get along with his daddy and left left you see somebody look like he gonna have to kill him or something. I hate to hear that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You just don't want to hear don't want to think about such things, somebody talking about killing their father and mother. Interviewer: Yeah. That is sad. 330: Bad, really bad. Interviewer: Um what about someone who who's just very sure of his own ways and won't listen to anyone else? 330: Set set in his ways. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expressions like that? 330: Well oh I I don't know. Interviewer: Say something headed 330: Had his way {X} couldn't nobody change Interviewer: Yeah would you say mule headed or 330: #1 mule headed # Interviewer: #2 hard headed or # 330: bull headed, one of 'em. Interviewer: Bull headed? 330: I've heard 'em called bull headed cuz they're set in their ways. we had it either one now I don't say bull headed though. Interviewer: What's that? 330: If you say when somebody's set in his ways you couldn't change 'em I'd just say bull headed. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Couldn't change. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. What about someone that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? 330: Flying all to pieces? Flying mad? Interviewer: Yeah say uh um just any little thing will set him off. 330: Came all to pieces. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say he's awfully 330: Nervous. Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's what I'd say Interviewer: Would you use the word tetchy or 330: Tetchy mm #1 no. # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 330: yeah he's mighty testy, he can't take anything. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've had some I know quite a few in my time you just couldn't say anything to 'em people go and get mad want to fight you right now. Interviewer: Yeah. Um someone who's about to lose their temper you'd tell them just keep 330: Keep calm. Interviewer: Okay um say you've been working very hard you'd say you're very 330: Tired. Interviewer: Okay if you were very very tired you'd say you're just completely 330: Wore out. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Exhausted's one. Interviewer: Okay. Say someone has been perfectly healthy all of a sudden there's some disease you say well just last Sunday she 330: {X} Interviewer: sick she she 330: {X} last Sunday she was she was alright seemed to be alright. And just tooken sick all of a sudden you say. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Got sick all of a sudden. She'd had a probably a stroke or heart attack or something I think that's what you'd Interviewer: Yeah. You said she just 330: Took sick all at once. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay let's say um well he's sick now, but he'll be well again {X} 330: shortly or soon well Interviewer: Say someone had been out in the um rain you know they came in and started sneezing and coughing you'd say that they had 330: Turn cold tooken cold taken cold being out in the weather. Interviewer: Okay and if it affected their voice you'd say that they were 330: Make 'em hoarse. Interviewer: Okay and go like this you'd say {NW} What's that? 330: Hacking cough. Interviewer: Okay you say, "oh I better go to bed. I'm feeling a little..." what 330: Groggy? Interviewer: Okay. Or another word for that. A feeling {D: a little} 330: Sleepy? Interviewer: Okay. You say six o clock in the morning I'll 330: Time to get up. Interviewer: But before you get up you have to 330: Have to have have at six o clock? Interviewer: Yeah. When your alarm goes off you 330: Have to wake up. Interviewer: Okay. Say he's still sleeping, you better go in there and 330: And rouse him up. Interviewer: Okay. Say if someone was sick and you'd got them some medicine you went in by their bed and said "why haven't you 330: "Why haven't you taken your medicine?" Interviewer: Okay and the person might say, "well I already..." 330: Have. Interviewer: I what's um 330: Well uh maybe some of 'em would say well I forgot it something Interviewer: Yeah. 330: like {X} or said something {X} nasty {X} took his medicine always forgot it. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: and that's happens pretty often. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You get it you know, you getting back in the habit of it, I I hadn't taken much medicine since I had my heart attack. I took a good while for a year Interviewer: Yeah. 330: and uh last time I was back down there he told me that uh need to come back he kept me coming for every five months but two years better. Then he {X} told me he believed I got well enough not come back no more. #1 {D: I assume that's happened} # Interviewer: #2 you have # still have the medicine? 330: I don't take anything. Well I keep some little tablets if I get nervous can't sleep I'll take a little tablet. Interviewer: Yeah. Someone who can't hear at all you say that they're 330: Deaf. Interviewer: Okay. Say you'd been out working in the sun and took off your shirt and it was all wet you'd say 330: Sunburnt? Interviewer: Huh? 330: #1 Hot? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: what Interviewer: You say um well yesterday I worked hard and I what a lot in the sun what about sweat? 330: Uh I got hot and {X} Interviewer: Yeah and I sweat I what a lot in the sun? 330: {X} blood I guess some of 'em say, well I {X} blood today. Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: {X} Interviewer: What do you call a little sore that comes to a head? 330: {NW} A ball? {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the stuff that comes out when 330: Corruption? Interviewer: Okay um you say a bee stung me in my hand 330: and left the stinger in there Interviewer: and my hand did what? 330: swollen up swollen. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Swelled up. Interviewer: My um yesterday my hand 330: swelled up bad. Interviewer: Um when you open a blister the liquid that comes out you call that 330: Water. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if someone got shot or stabbed you'd have to get a doctor to look at the 330: Their wound. Interviewer: Okay. And if some wounds don't heal back right what do you call that? 330: Some wounds what? Interviewer: They don't heal back #1 right? # 330: #2 Oh. # it's just um they don't they don't heal up right there'll have to redo it Interviewer: #1 yeah # 330: #2 something or other # Interviewer: Do you call it some kind of flesh? 330: Mm-hmm probably probably flesh yes. Interviewer: What's that? 330: {X} {X} turn out Interviewer: Yeah. 330: take out cut it out #1 right # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: okay {X} Aux: Well I say when we get down in that last quarter I want some gas in there, I don't want to get below that #1 last # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Aux: quarter. Interviewer: Um we were talking well first of all um talking about flowers, if you went outside and cut some flowers to put them in the house, you'd put them in a 330: Vase. Interviewer: Okay. Okay and we're talking about medicine um this is something that say if you it's a brown liquid medicine and it stings. Say if you had cut your finger or something. 330: Iodine? Interviewer: Okay. And this is a white bitter powder that people used to take for colds. 330: Quinine. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay say if a man was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he 330: Well got shot fatally. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say the doctor did everything he could but #1 still # 330: #2 {X} # couldn't save him. Interviewer: Okay so the man 330: Died. Interviewer: Okay. Any other ways of saying died? any- 330: Anything else different than than died? Interviewer: Yeah any nicer ways of saying died. 330: Well I guess well I don't I guess I don't I can't think of a word {X} Interviewer: Maybe something like "passed" 330: Passed away? Interviewer: or something. Yeah. Does that sound a little bit nicer? 330: Well I think I've heard it both ways. Passed away died I guess it would. Passed away. Interviewer: Okay what about ways of saying that that aren't very nice, like you'd say um I'm glad that old miser finally 330: {NW} Interviewer: what? 330: {NW} {X} Said you're glad the old miser did did something? {X} Old miser died passed away? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say kicked the 330: {X} Interviewer: Kicked the 330: Kicked her? Interviewer: Kicked the bucket? 330: Oh yeah yeah I've heard 'em say kicked the bucket. Yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 330: So and so kicked the bucket. {X} {D: heard that} quite a few times. Interviewer: Okay you'd say he was a very important man, everybody turned out for his {C: tape overlaid} 330: He's a very important man and then turned out bad? Interviewer: Yeah. Say the man died and everybody came to his 330: Funeral. Interviewer: Okay. And if people are dressed in black you'd say that they're in 330: In mour- in uh they're they're friends mourn Interviewer: Huh? They're in 330: I'd say said they're dressed in black colored {X} well they was they was uh his uh I guess you'd call it close friends {D: is} #1 why # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: you'd dress in black you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You lose your husband. Interviewer: You said if they're in mour- 330: In what? Interviewer: In mourning? 330: In yeah in mourning. They would they would be weeping and black clothes. Interviewer: Okay um what if they were really worked up over his death? I mean just sort of going hysterical? 330: {D: Well uh they were they was uh} about to have a breakdown if they didn't straighten up, you know some of 'em do go just about nuts crazy. In a case like that you know just give up. Say you can't take it can't stand it. {X} {X} breakdown. some folks died Is that anyway Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um suppose someone met you on the street and asked you on a average day how you were feeling you'd say oh 330: Oh just just kinda solid. I'd say I'm very well or something I don't know. There'd be several ways you could put at it. Not too I don't feel too good today now or something or other like that. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Most of 'em I don't feel good either. Now. Interviewer: Okay say um say your children are out late and your wife is getting a little excited about it you'd say oh they'll get home alright, just don't 330: Just quiet down take it easy or something. Interviewer: Just don't 330: er get panicked. Interviewer: Or don't don't you 330: Fret? Interviewer: Okay what about worry? Don't you 330: Worry? Interviewer: Okay. Um when you're getting old and {NW} your joints get all stiff and so forth you'd say you've got 330: Rheumatism. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for that? 330: {D: arthritis} I'd say. I guess I've heard the doctor say that. {X} Interviewer: Okay um this is a sore throat that children used to die from you'd get blisters on the inside of your throat and they'd they'd choke up 330: Diphtheria? Interviewer: Okay. Um and what about a disease where your your skin turns yellow? 330: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Okay. Um and when you have your appendix taken out you say that you've had an attack of 330: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Okay. Is there anything else people used to call that? 330: Well there wasn't very many operated on years ago. I was operated on when I was a young boy but very few very very few times you'd hear older people were scared of it you know to be operated on. And uh instead of being operated on for appendicitis uh something that you uh something else that it could be called? {X} I guess uh just say well uh I had my appendix taken out. {X} Interviewer: Okay um suppose you ate something that didn't agree with you and it came back up, you'd say that you had the 330: Upset stomach. Interviewer: Okay but when it comes back up you'd say you 330: I threw up vomit? Interviewer: Okay um is okay you used two words there, threw up and vomit. 330: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Which # Does one of 'em seem nicer? Or 330: I think I guess uh threw up throwing up would be nicer than vomiting wouldn't it? Interviewer: Okay. What about a really crude way of saying that? 330: Uh nowadays what you say it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh oh Interviewer: Or a way of saying that that's not very nice. 330: Way of saying what? Interviewer: A way of saying vomit that's not very nice 330: No, I Interviewer: Joking 330: Uh I can't think of it I've I've heard it {X} but I can't think of what they say call it. Interviewer: You ever heard of puke, or 330: Yes, I've heard of {X} I've heard puke. Interviewer: Is that 330: That sounds better than than throwing up or vomit. Interviewer: Does it sound better to you? Or does it sound worse? 330: Well I think it would wouldn't sound as good to me but now it may it might be the proper way for it to be said. Interviewer: Okay is there anything that sounds worse than puke? 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay if a person vomited you'd say he was sick 330: Deathly sick. Interviewer: Where? 330: Stomach. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Deathly sick in the stomach. Interviewer: Okay. Um Okay suppose someone had gotten some you had just gotten some news that surprised you a lot you know? Um and you went across the street and told your neighbor the news and someone asked you why did you go across the street and you said well I went over there 330: To to tell him about the thing accident? Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you invite someone to come and see you this evening um you might tell 'em now if if he doesn't come I what? 330: Be disappointed? Interviewer: If he what was that? 330: I'd be disappointed if I asked him to come and he didn't come. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the word shall? I shall be disappointed? 330: Yeah I guess I would. Might be alright. I shall be disappointed if you don't come. Interviewer: Okay um you might tell someone anytime you can come over we'll be 330: Well Interviewer: Or we'll be what to see you? 330: We'd be glad to see you. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words? 330: Well uh Interviewer: Would you say we'll be proud to see 330: Proud to see you? Interviewer: Okay um say if a boy kept going over to a girl's house and was spending a lot of time with her and seriously interested in her you'd say that he was 330: Falling in love with her. Interviewer: Okay. Or um he keeps going over there and he would you say would you use the word courting her or some expression like that? 330: Yes. {D: I would say that he was} courting her. {NS} He was falling in love with her. {D: I never} {X} courting I guess you'd say the same, you know. That's usually what happens when you fall in love, you take 'em by the hand and you get {NW} see 'em pretty often uh Interviewer: Okay um in this case he would be called her 330: Sweetheart. Interviewer: Okay. Um and she would be called his 330: Well well I guess she'd be called his sweetheart, too. Interviewer: Okay. And if the boy came home with lipstick on his collar you'd say that he had been 330: {NW} He'd been kissed. Interviewer: Okay any 330: By the girl by his girlfriend. Interviewer: Any other words you'd use besides kissing? 330: Well uh mooching. Guess you'd they'd been mooching I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um say if he asks her to marry him and she doesn't want to you'd say that she did what to him? 330: She uh she well she didn't want when he asked her to marry him she didn't want to? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well she didn't lo- I'd say she didn't love him Interviewer: Okay. 330: well enough. Interviewer: Would you say she she gave him the gate, or threw him over or jilted him, or 330: Well something like that, she she uh she had made her led him wrong to believing that you know that she he thought she did and then you know talked pretty to him and then she she turned him down. {D: Nine times outta ten though} there would be another boy in the in the picture I'd say. Most times are you know there's another boy. {X} {D: just figures} Interviewer: {X} 330: Yeah. Something like that {X} another girl in the picture. {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay so you say that she didn't turn him down, you'd say they went ahead and got 330: Gotten married. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Set the date and got married. Interviewer: Any other word you'd use besides married? They 330: Well well I've heard of get getting hitched. And uh well I don't know how {D: too many things about} about marrying but they tied tied it tied tied up I guess. You could say. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Sometimes. Interviewer: Okay at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom you'd call him the 330: The wedding what? Interviewer: At the wedding you know the boy that stands up with the groom? 330: His uh well the usual thing is that the it's his best friend, boy Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That stands up for him. Interviewer: What do you call him? 330: Oh. Oh I guess best man. Interviewer: Okay. What about the woman that stands up with the bride? 330: Best uh maid, uh {D: isn't it} best uh well it's the best girlfriend she she would have that would be a {NW} Interviewer: Would you say brides 330: I bridesmaid I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about this is kind of old fashioned but maybe you'll remember say after a wedding the people in the town would get together make a lot of noise you know ring cowbells and fire pistols and and ride the the groom on the rail a rail or something like that 330: Celebrate? The wedding? Interviewer: Okay do do you remember what that was called? 330: Well just a just a a celebration. Like I guess I don't know what it would be. You know the name for it to have. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They said that a whole bunch would get together and celebrate? I {D: well they} I guess happiness celebration I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear shivaree or serenade or 330: Serenade, yeah I've heard serenade. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Well {NW} I've seen 'em tie tin cans and cups to the cars {D: everybody young you know lit 'em} they'd start off dragging 'em with noise Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've seen that happen a lot of the time. Tin can full of full of gravel something that'll {D: start off you know...} I've seen that done quite a few times. Interviewer: And you'd call that a serenade? 330: Mm-hmm serenade. That's what I called it. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay. Um I'm interested in words like up or down or over like talking about location, like would okay how would you say I was up in Nashville or over in Nashville or 330: I'd down to Nashville. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Down {C: stuttering} to Nashville or up up to Nashville. Interviewer: Would you say down to Nashville or up to Nashville? 330: Well uh went to Nashville. Interviewer: Yeah but using one of these other words like 330: Up or down? Interviewer: Yeah. How do people #1 usually # 330: #2 I'd say # Interviewer: say that? 330: I'd say going up to Nashville. Interviewer: Okay. What about say Knoxville? 330: Oh went up to Knoxville. Last week I just did or something or other I did. Interviewer: Okay. What about Chattanooga? 330: Same thing, I'd say. Up to Chattanooga. Interviewer: You wouldn't say over to Chattanooga or down to Chattanooga? 330: Well I'd say up to it. Interviewer: Okay what about Atlanta? 330: Well I went down to Atlanta. Last just did last week. Something. That's what I'd say, going down. Interviewer: Did you ever use over? 330: #1 Over to Atlanta? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah what about to Franklin, how would you say that? 330: Well going over to Franklin. {X} {X} going on to Franklin just did so and so Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: That's the way I'd I'd say that. Interviewer: What do those words mean to you? Like does up mean north, or does it mean does it have to do with direction? Or elevation? Or 330: Why elevation I'd say. Up, down here I said Knoxville. Chattanooga is just kinda up {X} would be on flatter ground downgrade. Interviewer: So you'd say you went down to Nashville? 330: Mm-hmm down to Nashville. Day before yesterday. That's the way I'd say it. Interviewer: Okay um what did y'all used to do for entertainment? 330: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well we had parties. {X} parties. And we had some things called dances in the community. Interviewer: What what tell me about these dances. What types did you have {X} 330: They were they were square dances, we called 'em Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: No one had a couple, boys and girls Interviewer: {NW} 330: They'd dance and then they'd have a guy setting up guy sitting up on a table in the room to take everything out of the room big room, where the wanted to give us to dance and put the eating table up in there that the men would get up on to make the music. And the men called sets. Have you ever seen anybody you've you never seen anybody dance those television? Interviewer: I may have seen it on television but I've never been to one. 330: {D: they have it on television very pretty you know} call it, and dancing with a girl boy they really they really can {X} Interviewer: They really could what? 330: They really I I'd say putting on the dog. {D: cutting up extra good dancing} we {X} I danced one for years and years. {X} everybody but {X} girlfriend came out another night to get my buggy. The girls go home and {D: snowed in I put my boot rubs on my horse} {D: and there'd be snow six inches deep on him} {C: tape overlaid} and had to take it off and and all the way we had to have it in a heat would be {X} {D: like Atlanta} {X} Interviewer: A buggy ride? What was that you said? 330: Great big heavy rug with a you kept to keep yourself warm you somebody rode with you you and the girl you know wrapped around the legs, feet kept warm. Had a lining had a lining on it. I did that first car cuz car didn't have no heaters you know they didn't Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I kept it in the mean time that's my buggy rug I used it on that car. {D: I kept the buggy rug and we'd take the lining and set down} floor boards under that rug and it'd keep us as warm as a stove under there. Interviewer: Wasn't that dangerous? 330: You've seen a lined one haven't you? Interviewer: Yeah but wasn't there a chance of the buggy rug catching fire? 330: Mm-mm not on that lining. Uh it wouldn't get hot enough on top. It had a metal top you up there to it know it wouldn't get hot enough to it'd it'd get warm but I mean it wouldn't set to fire. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} It'd be almost you know real down close to zero and I did it. Course if it wasn't too cold you didn't need nothing but the rug. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But I kept it up like even where I am to ball games it'd be in zero. {D: car} I kept that down under. {X} too cold to play ball. Well the gym wasn't too good now back in that day it was right cold. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} all we had was big stove make {X} and you and gym wouldn't be tight. You'd feel the air blowing in on you {X} Interviewer: Okay say if children got out of school at four oh clock you'd say at four oh clock school 330: Turns out. Interviewer: Okay. And then children might ask um after vacation they might ask what time does school 330: Start? Interviewer: Okay. Um say if a boy left home to go to school and never showed up in school that day you'd say that he 330: Played hooky. Interviewer: Okay 330: That's what I'd say, I don't know. I don't know of anyone that has played hooky {X} I mean a lot of 'em do now I guess but {X} they tell me course I don't know but they used to have to be {X} hide or go someplace or get into {X} lay out till school time then come back and people'd think that he was at school all day {X} I never did I know I know other boys who did. Interviewer: Okay say you go to school to get a what? 330: Uh a girls and boys going to school together? Interviewer: Yeah why why would people go to school? 330: They go to school to to learn. Interviewer: Okay or to get a 330: {X} to learn how to do do make a living life Interviewer: Okay. 330: I'd say. {X} lot of 'em didn't get much I didn't now nowadays everybody can get a high school education {X} just wasn't money in the high schools back then my time hardly at all And I don't imagine there's a Interviewer: {NW} 330: oh I don't imagine twenty-five percent of the people got a high school education back when I was young. Most all of 'em dropped out some of 'em did start but didn't go long you know, just drop out. {X} Interviewer: Nowadays after high school people a lot of times go on to 330: College. Interviewer: Okay. And after kindergarten you go into the 330: Go into the grammar school. Interviewer: Which which grade though? 330: First grade. Interviewer: Okay. Is that is there an older word for first grade? Older expression? 330: Uh well I uh I guess you could call it grammar. Grammar they had {X} before anything Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: steady} I never have really known nothing about this the kindergarten what they really do. {X} they sort of train 'em don't they? To get along with one another act and know how to do and behave. Interviewer: Yeah. I think they teach 'em a few things. Like counting. 330: Yeah I got a little grandson in Memphis that {NW} {X} say something, a little speech or something or other. {X} {X} {D: now he's ready for school} Interviewer: {NW} 330: He's a character. Smart as a whip though. He's too too smart {X} He sits there watch television and he can tell you everything what he's seen. For weeks. {X} We never dreamt there never would ever be such a thing I still didn't believe it when they first kept talking about it you're gonna have television I didn't think it'd ever come. I didn't believe they could be talking in New York we could sit and watch 'em. But it sure did happen. Interviewer: I guess that was kinda surprising your first television. 330: {D: this radio was sure a shock} Interviewer: How was that? 330: Well there there's a party that one night a bunch of us boys and girls fellow from Nashville came out at his home and bought this uh little radio and just a little bitty thing had one ear phone just like you put up to your ear and talk in the telephone. Fact and uh he little old bitty thing piece of wood had a little bitty magnet there and had a little bitty he called it catgut {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It just stuck on that magnet. {NS} And you could hear music things playing. {X} and we'd pass it round each one would hold it a little while and listen some of 'em didn't {X} you know uh {X} {X} I said to him {X} {X} we just played rook did you ever play rook? Interviewer: Um maybe a couple of times I don't really know how. 330: We we we played a lot of rook back there then those boys and me. {X} couples you know and we'd {X} six or eight different people three or four couples can play. Maybe ten eleven oh clock. Have pop some popcorn, make some molasses balls {X} heat the molasses and pop this popcorn, roll it in and make balls about that big eat them We used to have we we we used to have a lot of fun, we enjoyed ourselves. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But we couldn't get a {X} over furthest we went was being on the horse and buggy you know you couldn't go very far at night in the buggy and come back. wouldn't get too far from home. Interviewer: Okay a long time ago people used to children used to sit on benches at school but now they sit at 330: They uh huh? Nowadays I guess they sit in uh I guess they have chairs, I don't know what really I hadn't been in a classroom {X} {X} I guess that they have do they have chairs now? Interviewer: Yeah it's something kinda like a chair only it's got a top to it, and a place to store things. 330: Okay. Interviewer: You'd call it a 330: Desk? Interviewer: Okay. So um {NS} so maybe thirty children would be in a room and then um and they'd be sitting at these 330: Th- these desks? Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to check out a book in town you'd go to the 330: Principal. Interviewer: Okay or to the public 330: Library. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to mail a letter, you'd go to the 330: Post office. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd stay overnight in a strange town at a 330: Spent the night in a so and so Interviewer: Yeah 330: sp- I spent the night last in Knoxville at a Asheville, North Carolina {X} Interviewer: Okay you'd um the building that you'd stay in you'd call that a 330: Motel Interviewer: Or a 330: A hotel. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to see a play or a movie you'd go to the 330: Go to see a play or m- movie go to the picture show Interviewer: Okay or another name for that you'd go to the 330: The um uh Interviewer: Go to the the- 330: Um Interviewer: The- 330: This uh {X} Interviewer: Hmm? 330: Go to a {X} to see the show practice show {X} used to come on stage in Nashville. We'd go down there and tell all the people come on {D: ask 'em} People come up there on stage and they'd show there's still some other name that I should call it? The theater? Interviewer: Yeah. What was that prince? 330: That's what we called it {X} people in sales would come out there and put it on it wasn't a it wasn't like the you know when they were back see when I first started going to shows uh the guy had to announce 'em you know. Interviewer: Yes. 330: And then they finally got to where they they uh say that announcer guy were was {X} do the talking and then then they come along behind that with people I mean a lot of live people would come out Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And put the show on {X} in front of 'em. We called it {X} {D: apprentice} down there in Nashville. Theater Interviewer: {D: How'd you get that?} 330: {D: apprentice} theater. Interviewer: {X} 330: That's what I that's what we that's what we called it {D: apprentice} theater in Nashville where they come out perform and the auditorium now they got a big auditorium down there where they have all this stuff at show you know putting on the show Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've never been in it but they have one of course seven thousand people in that thing. But some of 'em {X} I think you'd get to see well you don't know what's going on but you got one of those things you you have to look through a little Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} place like that see 'em put on. Interviewer: Okay if you were real sick you might have to go into the 330: Hospital? Interviewer: Okay and the woman that'd look after you 330: Nurse. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to catch a train you'd go to the 330: Depot. Interviewer: Okay. Any or or you might call it the rail 330: Station. Interviewer: The what? 330: Railroad station. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the place in town with the you know the around the courthouse with all the grass and trees and so forth 330: Uh what'd you call that around the courthouse? Courthouse yard? Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Long call that I'd call that yard it's like that {X} in Franklin where we have a big place sitting around there most of 'em too some playing chess {X} meets there every day sit down there and play chess. Interviewer: {NW} 330: And I've seen it done in Jackson too great big time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: People sitting there early morning they'd be come out there and park out there on their benches and chairs and sit out there in the courtyard {X} I guess they get a big kick out of it or they I mean they're most aged people like Interviewer: Yeah. 330: to come out there and just spend their time out there I never did have no time to sit on a courtyard I have to have stopped a few times coming back {D: course I was gonna watch 'em play} chess little old Franklin they have the time Interviewer: {NW} 330: You can {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay two streets cross, say um or say say there's a a big um lot and you could go around it on the sidewalk like this you know or but instead of doing that you go like this you say you're walking 330: On the pavement? Interviewer: Okay or you're you're walking you're technically short cut see you say you're walking 330: Oh {X} making a short cut across I'd go across the street. Interviewer: Yeah um you ever heard kitty cornered, or catty cornered, or catty-wampus, or any word like that? 330: {X} Interviewer: Say you're two streets intersect and you start walking from one corner and walk across to the other corner 330: There? Does it stop? The corner? Be uh like a stop light you know. Stopping one corner to the other. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And you call it uh uh walking with the traffic. Way I'd call it, I've seen a blind man do that go across the street and he start out with his walking stick and then he'd hear the traffic he'd take on with 'em and go across that Interviewer: Yeah but say {NS} say it's it's across like this and you're supposed to walk say if you wanted to get from this corner to this one over here you're supposed to go this way and then this way see? But instead you just cut 330: Cross. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: cut across. Interviewer: Okay would you have an expression for that? 330: Short way. Interviewer: Okay. 330: It'd be the short way. Cross, I'd say. Interviewer: Okay um and before they had buses in the cities they used to have 330: Street cars. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd tell the bus driver this next corner is where I want 330: Get off. Interviewer: Okay. Um and {NS} you hear in this county um Franklin is the 330: County seat? Interviewer: Okay. And say if you were um an FBI agent you'd be working for the federal 330: Government. Interviewer: Okay. And the police in the town are supposed to maintain 330: Order. Peace and order. Interviewer: Okay. Or another word you might use law 330: Law in law enforcement law and order Interviewer: Okay. Um and the fight that they had in this country between the north and the south was called the 330: The uh oh uh uh heck uh no nothing {X} Interviewer: Did you hear the civ- 330: Civil War? Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Is that right, Civil War? Interviewer: {X} Um okay these are some names of some states and some cities um the biggest city in this country is in what state? 330: Well it's in New York I I guess New York still has got the largest city. Interviewer: Okay. Um and Baltimore is in 330: Baltimore Massachusetts? Interviewer: Okay. Um and Richmond is the capital of 330: Virginia? Interviewer: Okay name some of the states around here. In the South. 330: In this in the country? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well Mississippi, Alabama Louisiana Georgia Tennessee South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia Arkansas Interviewer: Okay. 330: I guess that's about really all that claim to be southern states isn't it? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: did I name 'em all?} Eleven of 'em I think Texas! Texas Interviewer: Okay. Um what about some there's another state I'm thinking of that's {NS} near Arkansas but it's not um it's not really southern it didn't it was on the Yankee side in the Civil War. 330: {X} it's close to Arkansas? Interviewer: Yeah it's it's around that area. 330: Oklahoma? Interviewer: Okay um what about some other states? 330: Well Missouri is up there Kentucky Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: And uh Indiana Interviewer: Okay. What about um {NW} you'd say the states from Maine to Connecticut you call those the 330: To Connecticut? Interviewer: Yeah that that area you'd call that 330: Eastern well Interviewer: Yeah or what about the New 330: New New England states? Interviewer: Okay. Um and the state where you get a lot of oranges from. 330: Florida? Interviewer: Okay. Um and {NS} the state um the capital of this country is in 330: Washington, D.C. Interviewer: Okay. What about a state near that? 330: Near Washington? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Virginia? Interviewer: Okay what about another one? 330: Uh uh I guess you mean just beyond Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 Washington? # Interviewer: #1 # 330: #2 # Interviewer: Starts with an M. 330: Maryland? Interviewer: Okay. What's the biggest city in Maryland? 330: Balt- it's Balt- Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Baltimore? Interviewer: Okay. Um and the biggest city in Missouri 330: Uh I guess it's Cin- {X} well it's Cincinnati. Ohio is Cincinnati Saint Louis I guess is the biggest one I don't know. Interviewer: Um yeah that's what I'd say. Um this is a sea port in South Carolina. It's real old. A historical sea port. 330: Sea port? It's uh Myrtle Beach? Interviewer: I'm thinking of Char- 330: Huh? Interviewer: Charles- 330: Charleston? South Carolina? Interviewer: Okay. Um and the big steel making city in Alabama 330: Steel? Interviewer: Steel-making. 330: Oh. In Alabama? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Iron iron steel Interviewer: I'm thinking of Birm- well what are some of the big cities in Alabama? 330: Birmingham. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Biggest one Interviewer: Okay um what about a city in Illinois? Big city. 330: Ohio I meant uh Chicago. Interviewer: Okay. Um and 330: Chicago is total large city Interviewer: Yeah 330: It's one of the big ones. I guess Los Angeles is next to New York I'd say. And I imagine Chicago's about there Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Largest city. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Um what are some other cities in Alabama? 330: Mobile Decatur Huntsville Interviewer: What about the capital? 330: That's uh that's uh Montgomery. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the city up in the mountains in North Carolina 330: Asheville? Interviewer: Okay. And um let's see the the four biggest cities in Tennessee. 330: Memphis the largest, then Nashville, then Knoxville, then Chattanooga. Interviewer: Memphis is the largest? 330: Mm-hmm by far. {X} Interviewer: I thought Nashville #1 was the largest. # 330: #2 Mm-mm # {D: way behind} {X} always we always had the number one {X} until things got to changing {X} give it to Memphis. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: that's really what all's been. {X} course Nashville being the capital you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It has to be number one, the government. {X} But now he brought 'em a {D: plane} we don't have to have a car. Interviewer: {NW} 330: {D: someone raided the sandbox said} we had to buy it I said I don't wanna I don't care if we buy two planes I just we just had to pay our taxes and what they do with it I've got nothing to do with that. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 330: Yeah I bet. Chattanooga's not huge but it it's a big one. And and uh Jackson, Jackson's a pretty good size, too. {D: I take my} Chattanooga's fourth. Interviewer: Okay um what about some cities in Georgia? 330: In Georgia? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well Fitzgerald um Atlanta and uh Waycross Statesboro Interviewer: What about the city the sea port in Georgia? Way over in east Georgia? 330: East Georgia. Interviewer: An older seaport. 330: I never been to Georgia much I don't know. Interviewer: What about Sav- Savan- 330: Sava- Savannah, Georgia? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah I've heard of it. Is that the old Interviewer: Yeah. 330: old uh sea port? Interviewer: What about a city in southern Georgia? It's it's not sixty miles out of Atlanta I think. 330: Way down south? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well Statesboro is down there a good piece. And uh and Waycross is too. Interviewer: Yeah. I'm thinking of a city that's right in the middle though. Sort of of Georgia. It starts with an M. 330: Macon, Georgia? Interviewer: Okay. Um and you know Fort Benning? 330: Fort Benning? Interviewer: Yeah do you know what what city is that near? 330: Uh {X} Interviewer: Think Colu- 330: Columbus? Georgia? Interviewer: Huh? 330: Columbus? Interviewer: Yeah okay um what about some cities in Louisiana? 330: Well um {NW} {NW} I don't know much about Louisiana I never been there in my life. I guess uh um {X} Interviewer: The city where they have Mardi Gras, you know. 330: I just can't Interviewer: New New Or- 330: New Orleans? Isn't it? Big school in uh L-S-U big school but I don't know what where Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {NW} city or {NS} I guess it's I don't know what's the biggest city in {X} and that course {X} some people talk but I never been out there in my life. Interviewer: Yeah. What about the capital of Louisiana? 330: It's uh {NW} uh I really don't know Interviewer: What about Bat- 330: Baton Rouge? Interviewer: Yeah. That's what I was thinking of. Okay what about the biggest city in southern Ohio? 330: Biggest city in Ohio? Interviewer: Yeah. Southern Ohio. 330: I guess Cleveland. Interviewer: Okay what but in southern Ohio you know. 330: Southern Ohio? Interviewer: Yeah. Cin- 330: Cincinnati? Interviewer: Okay. And the biggest 330: {X} Interviewer: Huh? 330: Cincinnati is right out of Louisville, right? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Up the river. Interviewer: Okay. 330: I've never been there, but I've been to Louisville. Interviewer: You have? 330: Louisville Kentucky great big place. And then down to {X} great big place too. Interviewer: How'd you get to go up there? 330: We went I went up there once trip with uh four kennel of pigs up at night came back the next day daytime where I could see. Interviewer: You brought a what load? 330: {D: ket load} pigs up there {D: fellow did sell} you know {D: all pigs up there and sell 'em} Interviewer: You brought a 330: {X} in a big truck Interviewer: Yeah what what kind of load did you call that? Ket? 330: Pigs? Little bitty small pigs. Interviewer: Yeah you used the word you didn't say car load of pigs, you said 330: Truck load. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Had three {X} {X} three hundred and ten. One load. {D: that night} we we stopped up there just before we got to Louisville at the truck stop and eating some supper then started to drink some coffee cuz we got in the {X} {D: got exhausted} {X} took the road all night long all day next day coming back. {X} That's the only time I'd ever been up in there. I never had been up in in {X} or {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Louisville {X} never been to Louisville I been to a lot of you know southern states. I mean uh counties I been to Bowling Green and Franklin Scottsboro, and uh another one, too. {X} {X} I been to quite a few in Kentucky. Never been to Florida but one time when I {X} {NW} Interviewer: Oh yeah you were telling me about that. 330: {X} {NS} Interviewer: About how far would you say it is from here to Nashville? 330: Thirty miles, about thirty miles. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if someone asked you to go with 'em someplace but you're not sure you want to you'd say well I'm not sure 330: That I care to go? Interviewer: Okay. Um and say you had a choice of two things and you say well first of all I was I was gonna do this but then I decided that I'd do that in 330: I I would do do uh something else? Interviewer: {X} I'll do that in- 330: Instead of going you mean? Interviewer: Huh? 330: Instead of going? Someplace with somebody? Interviewer: Okay. Um and say say if a man is really funny and you like him for that reason you'd say well I like him 330: But he's real he's real jolly? Interviewer: Okay. Um what are some names names of some of the churches big churches around in the south? 330: Big churches? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well there's there's uh Missionary Baptists Christian people {X} they don't like most of 'em don't like to be called but the {X} churches {NS} {D: and Methodists} Catholics and uh uh Interviewer: What was that first thing you said? 330: Presbyterians? Interviewer: Mission 330: Missionary Baptist. Interviewer: Okay. Um say two people become members of a church you'd say they 330: They joined the church. Interviewer: Okay. And you go to church to pray to 330: A million dollar thing you know out there and it opened up some time in April {X} go out there for {D: certain} certain amount of money I've forgotten how much I'd reckon see everything you {D: out there} spend a whole day Interviewer: #1 At the Opry Land? # 330: #2 {D: go out there and take} # Uh-huh take a whole day to see {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I couldn't wear seems to me like it was five five something or seven something of 'em oh that they charge you when you go in {D: That} lets you see most of it I think. Interviewer: Expensive. 330: I like to see it. {C: tape overlaid} {D: it's a good thing to look at} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Enjoy all kinds of things to ride and see and do. I don't know if I'd ride all of 'em but I'd like to see it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: sit out there one day just looking at it} I never been to the Grand Ole Opry House in my life. Interviewer: #1 They're gonna tear that down. # 330: #2 {X} # Never did go there in my never have been. They're gonna I guess they're doing away gonna do away with it way I understand it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} it'd be history real quick I understand it. That old place they used to meet you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just do away with it, I don't know what they'd do. Interviewer: I heard something about they were gonna tear it down but then use the same material to build a chapel at Opry Land. But they might not do that. 330: I doubt it. {D: they might but I doubt it} Uh we got some I got a good friend Sam McGee you've heard of him I'm sure heard of McGee? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Sam's going on eighty years old {X} and uh he's been going there a long long time. {D: And uh a while back} Franklin Station before they had our {X} farm {X} {D: usually} {D: talking all} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I enjoyed it. I loved every bit of it. {D: he carried on talking telling all kinda tales} {D: how long you been on there} {D: I'm} {D: Aunt Day making used to} {X} {D: he lived with a family in} China China {X} and had a great big sign up out there where he lived. {X} I played I played ball with his boy, both boys Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: one time} And he {X} picked a bank oh he hollered {X} {X} um well shoot you might of heard some of his records Have you ever heard any of his records? Interviewer: I think so. 330: Most people don't like didn't like him you know of course called it old country people coming on up people but now {X} coming back and they come they come home all they want you know come home get an aspirin. Every Saturday night you know. I reckon every state in the union had people there. They announced so and so {X} different towns. Big crowd and of course {X} I get I'm pretty sure. I've never been but I don't know cost you a little something but get him to get you a ticket or #1 something you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: maybe they go {X} And all the southern states I'd say South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina people and they may I guess {X} come down in this tobacco biz and the first thing they want to do is head to Nash- the Grand Ole Opry. Interviewer: {NW} 330: Every one of 'em. It's the craziest thing what you ever seen in your life. {X} best friends I ever had {X} and he brought an old bank and {X} listened to it every time I had to fix that thing used to pick it we'd play cards and eat {X} we had a good time. But I tell you they made a they made a they made a lot of money out of it {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: These people raise uh raised money for the crippled people and have a show every year. And they really they really go up in a thousand dollars. Of course Kentucky was into it with us, southern Kentucky. And then Tennessee. All that money at that I I forgotten how many {D: they'd run up in} thousand thousand dollars every year. {D: hang up there} crippled children you know Their play in Saint {D: they call in California again and put on here put the show on everywhere in the country} entertainment and then they lot of 'em will sing you know pick music anything and they'll ask for a telephone number of each county each uh place to call. Have operators up there sitting up there to take calls {D: how much they want to donate to 'em} That's interesting. I went to see 'em course that's a good cause. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's a wonderful cause you know. People that have a little handicapped child can't help themself needs help Interviewer: Yeah. 330: and they they march them around through auditorium where I live singing you know little kids, and some of 'em you lead 'em or hold 'em, some of 'em have to {X} some of 'em hobble kinda {D: use poles} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They have 'em all they have a lot of {D: different ones too but this in Nashville} goes on one a week don't know much about it but they's talking about it and they come in here how's this one {X} course it didn't matter to me {C: tape overlaid} {D: there's a lot of us left that come from other places} little Joe's been down there quite a few times, but he wasn't down there this year. But he has been several times. {X} Interviewer: Little Joe from 330: {X} Interviewer: {X} 330: Mm-hmm. Old {X} {D: old horse} died I hate that I Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} {D: long green} he's been several times. {X} Do you know he's not the not the I don't know why he's older than I thought he was he had about a three four year old child baby I didn't know that. {X} {NS} some of 'em say {D: just a few years older} than we thought he was I've forgotten now how old they claim wasn't nothing like my Interviewer: Yeah. 330: anyway {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay you you say you you go to church to worship 330: Worship the Lord. Interviewer: Okay. Or you another name 330: Uh God Interviewer: Okay. Um and the preacher preaches a {NS} 330: Sermon. Interviewer: Okay. And you say the choir and the organ provide the 330: Music. Interviewer: Okay. And if you really like the music you might say oh that music was just 330: Just just out of this world. Interviewer: Or just 330: Beautiful. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you were on your way to church one morning and then you had to change a flat tire you'd say oh church is going to be over 330: {X} you wouldn't be in any shape if you had to change a flat tire much to go Interviewer: {NW} 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay 330: Church'll be over before we get there. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 330: #2 I'd say. # Interviewer: Um the enemy of God is called the 330: Devil. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for that? 330: Uh {D: I guess} Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave? 330: Bad man? Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} That bad man would get you. Interviewer: Okay. Um was there any one house you know that that people were scared of when you were growing up? 330: A house? Interviewer: Yeah. Like no one would go 330: A haunted house? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: Goat's house} or one of the other ones that's what we called it is that kinda what you're talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah uh I I've heard of people being scared said they could hear noises in certain places you know and different times that there was a ghost. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: But there wasn't there's not any ghosts in my book. I don't believe it I don't believe in #1 ghosts. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: Somebody was doing it you know they finally caught him. Or what I'm speaking of {X} Somebody slip in there and doing it and he they'd go there same hour and listen you know and they could hear different racket and things they'd say a ghost was living in that home. {NS} There's not any ghosts. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. It'd be awful scary though. 330: {NW} Yeah. It can be scary. Interviewer: Okay now you might tell someone okay you better put on a sweater cuz it's getting what? Chilly 330: Get it's getting cold outside. Interviewer: But not really cold it's just getting 330: Chilly? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say it's getting what? 330: Cool? Interviewer: Okay. Would you say it's getting kinda chilly or sorta chilly or 330: Uh-huh Interviewer: rather chilly or 330: Getting ra- right cool outside or getting chilly out there you better put on a coat wrap or something go out. Interviewer: Um You say if you had a choice of two things you'd say Well I what do this and that? 330: I'd rather I- I- I- prefer this this other than the other Interviewer: Okay. Um say if a close friend of yours you hadn't seen him in a long time um 330: Close what? Interviewer: A close friend of yours? 330: Oh yeah. Interviewer: And you just saw him and you hadn't seen him in a long time you might say I'm 330: I I sure enjoyed uh seeing my friend or meeting my friend Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But you might tell him I'm what glad to see 330: Glad to see you. Interviewer: Um would you say I'm I'm 330: Real proud to see you Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} You say someone owned say about five hundred acres of land you'd say that that would be a what of land? 330: Well it'd it would be a terrible big farm ranch I'd call it {D: a terrible ranch} Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the expression a good deal of land, or a right smart of land? 330: Well it would be a good deal I guess or {X} owned just a good deal of it Interviewer: What about the expression right smart? Do you ever use that? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What does that mean? 330: Well that's a that's a whole lot more than than a small amount you know right smart. A right smart of money. Something anyway that's the way I've heard it. Heard that spoken quite a few times so and so had a right smart money or right much money {D: was in good shape or} something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say it rained right smart? 330: It rained rained right smart? It poured down. It poured down yesterday. We had a flood yesterday. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We had a {D: flied rush just} {X} day before yesterday. {D: right down below the sewer down here} {X} Interviewer: Okay you'd say it's not just a little cold this morning, it was 330: It it was severe cold. Interviewer: Or it was re- 330: Re- downright cold. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if someone says something kind of shocking and you sort of resented it you might say well I'm very what of you saying that, I'm very 330: uh uh uh very shocking? #1 Someone had told you something shocking? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. You were sort of insulted with him saying that, you might say well I'm very what of you saying that? 330: Very Interviewer: Very i- 330: {X} {X} Interviewer: What was that? 330: very idea of saying so and so? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay when you meet someone what do you say by way of greeting? What do you ask them? 330: Good morning! Interviewer: Okay and then you ask them how 330: How are you today? Interviewer: Okay. And what about when you're introduced to a stranger? What do you ask 'em? 330: This uh {X} {X} what to ask to them? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Stranger? I'd say uh what what's your name? Mine is so and so. Interviewer: Okay. Um and say if you were um if you were excited about something or something like that what might you say if you were surprised? You might say well 330: Uh uh uh I that sure did surprise me. {D: got frightened by something} Interviewer: Okay. Suppose that say a man had been doing some work say you'd say hit his hit his thumb with a hammer what might he say? 330: {NW} {D: he mashed his mashed his thumb} Interviewer: Yeah. What what word would he say then? 330: Gosh. I- I- I- mashed my thumb. is- what I'd say. Interviewer: Anything stronger than that? 330: {NW} {NW: I've heard some of 'em} I've heard I've heard 'em say things a little worse than that I imagine hitting a hammer thumb. Oh hell I've mashed my thumbnail off or something. Mashed my thumb you know if it were me I wouldn't want to {X} say but I wouldn't say that Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Man I mashed I've mashed mine some too. Interviewer: {NW} 330: It hurts. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: What might you say if you were sorta disgusted with yourself like if you had done something kinda stupid and you'd just realized that you'd done something stupid. 330: Well I've been disgusted with myself a lotta time uh I why I did that something like that. You you can be disgusted with doing a heap of different things. And can't do like uh get disgusted because I can't do it like I ought to do it even now. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's the only thing I get to where I can't do anything right anymore. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um say someone had been over to visit you and was about to leave, you'd tell 'em well I hope you'll come back 330: Come back and and sit visit us uh see us soon Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 330: #2 Come back # again and visit us. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Enjoyed your your company. Interviewer: Okay what do you say when you meet someone on Christmas? 330: Christmas gift. Interviewer: Okay. Um when do you say Christmas gift? Just at Christmas, or 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah uh yeah that's when I would say Christmas gift, but course have birthday uh birthday gift too but Christmas is when you that's the most of the giving Interviewer: Yeah. 330: part we have. Interviewer: You just say Christmas gift on Christmas Day? 330: Well I guess I guess you'd say it any {X} say any Christmas. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But of course in the morning on Christmas morning is the main time we have a Christmas you know and meet and talk Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Children all the children and grandchildren come in with us at least all mine do come in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Christmas morning. Interviewer: What about another expression that you might say around Christmas? You might tell someone me- 330: About uh me- me- about just uh what we do Christmas? Interviewer: Yeah well like what do your Christmas cards say on them? They say 330: Happy Christmas. Interviewer: Okay. Or not Happy Christmas, they say 330: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you tell someone on January first? 330: New Year's. Interviewer: Yeah 330: Uh Interviewer: Yeah what do you what greeting do you have? 330: Merry Chri- uh uh Happy New Year. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um do you ever say New Year's gift? 330: Mm-hmm. New Year's New Year {NS} yeah I say Interviewer: Okay um suppose someone had done you a favor, you might tell 'em, well thank you, I'm much 330: I uh I really appreciate it. Interviewer: I'm much o- 330: I'm much obliged? Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} you say I have to go downtown to do some 330: Shopping? Interviewer: Okay any other word? Old fashioned word for that? 330: Well um had to go down there to shopping and uh and uh {X} well to go buy Interviewer: Yeah. 330: So and so. Go to buy me a suit or go to buy me a pair of shoes or {D: go to town to buy me a} shirt or anything. Interviewer: Okay. You said say you just bought something and the storekeeper's got a piece of paper and what you know? 330: I just bought me a a new shirt? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 330: {D: wrapped it up} Interviewer: Okay and when I got home I 330: Unwrapped it? Interviewer: Okay. Um if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you were selling it at a 330: A loss. Interviewer: Okay. Um now suppose you saw something that you liked but you didn't have enough money to buy it, you'd say well I like it but it 330: I just don't have the {D: wherewith to buy it} Interviewer: Okay 330: That's what I'd say. Interviewer: It what too much, it 330: Money don't have enough my money to buy it. Interviewer: It 330: It's just too high. Interviewer: It or it what too much it co- 330: Costs too much? Interviewer: Okay um you'd say when it's time to pay the bills you know on the first of the month you'd say the bill is 330: Due. Interviewer: Okay. And if you belong to a club you have to pay your 330: Have to have to pay your dues. Interviewer: Okay. And if you don't have enough money you might go to a friend and try to 330: Borrow some? Interviewer: Okay. And you say in the thirties, money was 330: {D: say what?} Interviewer: In the thirties. 330: Oh money was tight. Interviewer: Okay or money was 330: Well Interviewer: Another word for that. Money was 330: Uh well short. Interviewer: Or sca- 330: Scarce? Interviewer: Okay. 330: And it really was. Interviewer: You remember that very well? 330: Oh I mean I do. Mm mm mm. We sold {X} {D: for a time we just couldn't even care for money, had to give a script} Interviewer: Had to give you what? 330: Script, piece of paper. We called it. Bought something there wasn't just wasn't any money {D: I haven't seemed to understand it yet} Times sure did get bad then. I never could see any need for it to let it got that bad, either. It was like they never have any more of it it may be worse this time than it was before, but well thing is going now you know I believe things are going to have to change some. I may be wrong but I believe {X} make a change. Two years maybe maybe less than maybe less than two years. Maybe. {D: there'll be a change made} I don't believe it can he's talking about freezing {D: right now but I hadn't freezed nothing} {D: food stuff} {X} {D: why} makes the man {X} scarce makes the man in the market for anything. And freezing it ain't gonna do no good. And the farmers not getting enough {D: work no way} They don't get nothing for raising this stuff all the time. Interviewer: He's not freezing farm prices. 330: {X} farm prices, just gonna freeze these big {X} {X} {D: ours} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: thing but} supermarket {NS} from the first to the eighth. {D: it's a high stage} {X} {C: tape overlaid} But {X} {X} respect on him was people {X} and things you still passing out talking about striking going on strike we got all those people {X} maybe save fifty dollars a day it may be more than that a lot of 'em do. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: What {NS} didn't say anything about day pack {D: we're making all this money you know} {X} {D: sand takes a lot of it out of 'em of course} {NS} {NS} I just don't know I don't {NS} I believe something's gonna happen. I don't think he's got the solution to it at all {X} Interviewer: He doesn't seem to know what he's doing much. {NS} 330: {D: my my} I don't know what we're gonna have to do but there's gonna have to be something done adjusted in some way or another I think. Something's gonna have to be adjusted. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} {C: tape overlaid} Okay you say um oh someone's coming up to your yard. {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} 330: {NW: Hey George, how are you?} George: How you doing? 330: Come in. George: I ain't I ain't got time, son, I Unknown: {X} 330: {NS} {NS} {X} Interviewer: Okay say you talking about swimming and things, you'd say somebody ran down the street {X} 330: Leaped off in the water. Interviewer: Okay or going head first you know you'd say he 330: Jumped off? Interviewer: Or another word. 330: Uh you mean off the ground and swi- swimming pool, he ran down the board and jumped? Fell off? Interviewer: Yeah but if he goes head first 330: Dived in. Interviewer: Okay. You say um um nine or ten children have already what off that springboard 330: Done jumped in? Interviewer: Or have have already 330: Dived in. Interviewer: Okay. You say but I was too scared to 330: {NW} Uh I was too scared to jump? Interviewer: Or 330: Dive in? Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: {D: I wouldn't be the first} {X} There was {X} {D: and we were} never been to the swimming pool. A whole bunch of girls and boys liked to go down there And I go in the swimming pool. It cost us something of course but go in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: we paid {X} a quarter I think a piece. And they had one diving board {X} third one. I don't believe it was three but that third one some were getting way up in the air. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I could do anything in the world, swim like a duck or jump {X} and we was having a {X} I said well I'll uh I'm gonna jump off that {X} {X} but when they got {X} down I wouldn't jump. My feet slipped out from under me and I just hit it {D: on my skunk right} I fell uh Interviewer: Did you hit the water? 330: Mm-hmm. {X} I thought for sure I was gonna drown. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I couldn't get my breath none {X} {D: just like nerves had got me} {D: enough breath to swim out of this place} I never did go back anymore, said that would be the last. I never did go jump off that thing one more time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well my feet just that board was wet people running up there and jumping off you know there was a whole lot of other people up there too and they'd run up there and just jump off of that thing and {D: boom just wet as could be} my feet slipped out from under me before I could get it wouldn't hurt you if you went off of it right you know {X} {D: and your face} {X} but I didn't go off that way {C: tape overlaid} {X} Interviewer: {NW} Well what would you call the way that when you hit the water flat on your stomach? What do you call that? 330: I called it belly-bust. Interviewer: {NW} 330: It it knocked ha ha it knocked the the breath plumb out of me, Lord have mercy. {D: why I just raised blood when I hit that water} {D: yeah I was way up in there} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That thing was way up I mean {X} But uh {D: they wouldn't allow us small ones} to go up there and jump you know but I was just I was a grown boy. {D: they do care} I learned I didn't have and then I went and got {X} knocked into {X} I believed I was actually drowning. Couldn't get the breath. But they just thought I was to do so and so you know them pegged you a ninny or {X} go down {X} Interviewer: Okay um {D: if a child puts his} head on the ground turns over you'd say 330: Somersault? Interviewer: A what? 330: Somersault? Interviewer: Okay. 330: -sault I don't know what the proper name for somersault is Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um say um and he dived in the water and he what 330: Swam? Interviewer: Or he dived in, he what across the lake? He dived in and he 330: Swum across the lake? Interviewer: Okay. You say um I have what in that lake many times myself. 330: I've swum in that lake many a time. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you say someone got in the water and didn't know how to swim you'd say that he did what he 330: He uh he went down. Interviewer: Or he 330: Didn't know how to swim. Interviewer: And then he 330: Uh had to be gotten I'd say. Somebody would have to get him. Interviewer: Yeah but if no one got him out you'd say that he 330: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay. Um what does a baby do before it can walk? 330: Crawl. Interviewer: Okay. You say that'd be a hard mountain to 330: Climb? Interviewer: Okay. But my neighbor what it last year? 330: #1 My neighbor climbed # 330: #2 {C: pronunciation as "clumbed"} # Interviewer: Okay. But I've never 330: I've never climbed in my life.{C: pronunciation as "clumb"} Interviewer: Okay. Um you say she walked up to the altar and she what down? 330: Kneeled down. Blacked out? Interviewer: Yeah. But when you you go to pray you know 330: Oh kneel down. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Kneel down. Oh Interviewer: Okay. Say if you were really tired you'd say I think I'll go and 330: And rest. Interviewer: Or go what down for a while go 330: Go down take a nap? Interviewer: Okay um {NS} Okay you say he was really sick um he just what in bed all day he just 330: {X} he was what'd you say if he's really sick? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He was really bad off all day. Interviewer: Yeah. Or he just la- 330: Unconscious? Interviewer: Okay. Um talking about things that you see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 330: Dreamt last night. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say often when I go to sleep I 330: {NW: Dream?} Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I have 330: What what you dreamt about? Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: And and sometimes you can though you know. {X} some of 'em you will {X} what you did dream last night. {NS} {D: okay} next morning I think about it part of it will just come back to you, what you #1 dream about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay you say I dreamed I was falling, but just when I was fixing to hit the ground, I 330: {NW} I'd say the stop woke me up. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Woke up about that time, I guess you'd say. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I have, too, I have have you ever think you'd fallen out of a tree top or something weird? {D: and just just just just just know it was gonna kill you gonna kill you and} and then wake up just like all of a sudden? Scared to death. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape overlaid} Okay if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor like this you say you 330: Stomped the floor. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a boy sees a girl at church say he wants to go home with her he says may I 330: May I {D: carry you home} Interviewer: Okay. What if he's going on foot? 330: Foot? May I walk you home? Interviewer: Okay. Um to get something to come toward you you take hold of it and you 330: Leap uh uh uh to get something to come to you? Interviewer: Yeah you take hold of it and you 330: Hand? Interviewer: Yeah. Um say if you wanted to get a boat up on land you'd tie a rope to it and you'd 330: Drag it up. Interviewer: Or 330: up on the Interviewer: Another word for that you'd 330: Pull it. Interviewer: Okay. And to get something to go away from you you'd 330: Push it. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you might tell children now now that stove is very hot so don't you 330: Don't you touch it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go 330: Go go get me a hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Um and playing tag you know what do you call the the tree that children can touch and be safe? 330: {NW} {NW} Home base I guess you'd say, go home plate {NS} {X} {D: hey you running keep you from catching me} Interviewer: Yeah. What about football? 330: Football? Interviewer: Yeah. What are you running toward in football? 330: Goal. Interviewer: Okay. Um you throw a ball and ask somebody to 330: Catch it? Interviewer: Okay. You say so I I threw the ball and he 330: He caught he caught it. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say well I've been fishing all day but I still haven't 330: Haven't caught any. Interviewer: Okay. Um and say there's no need for you to hurry, um if I get there first I'll 330: Wait for you. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you were about to punish a child he might tell you don't spank me just please what? 330: Uh he said don't spank me just please uh Interviewer: Yeah give me another please give me another 330: Chance? Interviewer: Okay. Um say if a man was in a very good mood you'd say he's in a very good 330: Mood this morning Interviewer: Or in a very good 330: Uh a very uh uh uh very happy this morning. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um say someone always catches the point of a joke, always catches on to a joke you'd say that he has a good sense of 330: Of uh uh to catch on? Smart yeah he has a good sense of to catch on Interviewer: Yeah. Or if he always sees the funny side of things you'd say that he has a good sense of 330: Uh sees the funny side of something? Interviewer: Yeah um and who can take a joke real well, and would you say that he has a good sense of 330: Of of humor? Interviewer: Okay. Um you say well we've got termites but I'm sure the exterminating company will get 330: Shut of 'em, rid of 'em Interviewer: Okay. Um say if if a boy um left his best pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there he'd ask who 330: {NW} Who moved my pencil? Interviewer: Or who 330: Who got it? Interviewer: Okay. Um you say oh I'd forgotten about that but now I 330: Know where it's at? Interviewer: Yeah okay suppose I I ask you um okay you might say to me well you must have a better memory than I do cuz I sure 330: I- I- I- I- forgot? I don't remember what it is. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say I have just what him a letter? I just 330: Received a letter? Interviewer: Um or I have just what him a letter 330: Uh written a letter? Interviewer: Okay. Um you say yesterday he what me a letter yesterday he 330: I received a letter from so and so yesterday. Interviewer: Okay or yesterday he 330: Wrote me one? Interviewer: Okay. And tomorrow I'll what? 330: I'll I'll write I'll write him one. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say well it's time I was getting a 330: {D: call} Interviewer: Yeah. You say I wrote him a letter and I expect to get a 330: Oh an answer. Interviewer: Okay. Um you put that letter in an envelope then you take out your pen and you 330: {D: back it} Interviewer: Okay any other word for that? 330: Address it. Interviewer: Okay. You say well I was gonna write him, but I didn't know his 330: Address. Interviewer: Okay. Say if a a child was just learning something um something new like maybe he learned to whistle or something you want to know where he'd learned that, you'd ask him who 330: Who taught you how to whistle? Interviewer: Okay. Um say what does a child call another child that is always running and telling on the others? 330: Tattle tale. Interviewer: Okay. What do you use this word about adults? 330: Well uh a meddler I'd call him. Interviewer: You wouldn't use the word tattle tale about him? 330: No I'd just call him a meddler guy. {X} you know grown. Person's a meddler in somebody's business always telling something you know. What I'd call it. Interviewer: Okay. 330: He's a regular tattler, he's you'd call him. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: People's business. Interviewer: Okay say if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party or something you'd go out to the garden and 330: Get some flowers? Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} something that a child plays with you'd call a {NS} 330: A child plays with? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh um well it'd be it'd toy. Interviewer: Okay. What about the word play-pretty? 330: Uh that'd be alright, play-pretty. Played with 'em, they have a lot of different things, of course. Interviewer: What does play-pretty mean? 330: That's just something the child likes, or it can be anything, uh {D: was uh} a ball or gun or {C: tape overlaid} {D: or any one} just any kinda little toy Interviewer: Yeah. 330: play with. I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um now suppose something happened that you had expected to happen, like say someone 330: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. But you'd you'd known it was it was gonna happen 330: Sooner or later? Interviewer: Yeah. You'd and someone came in and told you you say that person had fallen off the fence or something like that you'd say I just 330: I knew it was going to happen. Sooner or later. Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: tape overlaid} okay you say that's really um that's a book that you what me for Christmas, that you 330: Bought me for Christmas? Interviewer: Or that you 330: I- I- got at Christmas. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say okay you say um {NS} talking about the word give, you'd say um you have what me many good books to read you have 330: Have bought me a a lot of 'em. Interviewer: Okay but talk about the word give, you'd say you have 330: Give have given me a lotta books. Interviewer: Okay. And you say when I finish this book I'll what it back? 330: I'll I'll return it back to you. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it 330: Started to rain. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say you might ask someone what time does the movie 330: Start tonight? Interviewer: Or what time does the movie be- 330: O- open? Interviewer: Okay or another word. I'm thinking about the word begi- 330: Begin? Interviewer: Yes what time does this movie 330: Start tonight. Or begin tonight. Interviewer: Okay. And you say uh it already 330: Done started. Interviewer: Okay. Um it um it what at five minutes ago it 330: Oh started uh started uh Interviewer: Okay or another word besides started it it be- 330: It began five minutes ago? Interviewer: Okay. Or you say it must have already 330: Already already started. Interviewer: Or already be- 330: Begin or Interviewer: Okay. Um you say horses gallop but people 330: Run. Interviewer: Okay. You say um I was feeling so good that I what all the way home? 330: I was feeling so good I laughed all the way home. Interviewer: Or that I what using the word run. I was feeling so good that I 330: I was feeling so good that I trotted all the way home. Interviewer: Okay or using the word run. 330: Run? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I ran all the way home. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say um they have what a mile every day this week. 330: have have to they uh run a mile every day for exercise. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you don't know where a man was born you might ask where does he what from? Where does 330: From where is he? From where is he? Reared at, or raised at. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} say he what in on the train last night. 330: He uh rode on the train last night? Interviewer: Okay using the word come he what in on the train last night? 330: Use the word what? Interviewer: Come. 330: He oh he he came on the train? Interviewer: Okay. Say he has what to this town, he has 330: Has what now? Interviewer: He has what to this town 330: Oh Interviewer: on the train. 330: On the train? Interviewer: Yeah he has {NS} 330: Uh we- well he had he uh man had is coming into the town? Interviewer: Okay. 330: He he was conducting? Interviewer: Okay um talk about the word see. You'd say I what her outside a few minutes ago? 330: I I seen so and so a few minutes ago. Interviewer: Okay. You say um we have what so little of you this year? 330: We have we have uh seen you so uh Interviewer: Okay. 330: too little this year. Interviewer: Okay. You say I hope to what you again soon I hope to 330: Hope to see you again soon. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say you can't get through there cuz the highway department has got the machines in it and the road's all 330: Torn off up. Interviewer: Okay. Um you give someone a bracelet say and tell her why don't you 330: Shave with your razor? Interviewer: No a bracelet. 330: Oh. Interviewer: And you you'd tell the person I'd like to see how it looks on you why don't you 330: Put it on, try it on. Interviewer: Okay. Um say I might ask you what's new and you might shrug your shoulders and say uh 330: You ask me what's new today? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I'd shake my shoulders and say uh uh well nothing that amounts to anything, nothing much. Or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. I might say oh come on now, there must be 330: There must be uh something that's happened. Interviewer: Okay. Um if I asked you how long you've lived here, you'd say well I've what 330: All my life. Interviewer: Or I've all 330: Uh almost my life Interviewer: Yeah um you'd say my family has what lived here my family has 330: For generations. Interviewer: Uh or my family has al- 330: Lived here all their lives. Interviewer: Or alway- 330: All uh all all the time? Interviewer: Yeah I'm thinking about the word always. 330: Always? Uh well if my family's lived here all their lives it'd be uh that'd be always, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Okay. Um or you might say well I've I've lived here ever what I got married ever 330: Ever since I gotten married. Interviewer: Okay. Suppose say you had a question and I say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go over and what? 330: And and check so and so Interviewer: You better go what? Somebody else, you better go a- 330: Yeah ask somebody else? Interviewer: Okay. So you say um so you what him {NS} 330: So he ask him? Interviewer: Okay. And he'd say why you've already what me that? 330: Already you've already a- a- told me? Interviewer: Or you've already a- 330: A- asked me? Interviewer: Yeah say you go ask him and he tells you well you've already 330: Asked me before? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay you say every time you say those boys like to what each other a lot like to 330: Talk? Interviewer: Or like to just like to 330: Play? Interviewer: Or like to fi- 330: Fight? Interviewer: Okay. Um you say every time they met they 330: Had a fight. Interviewer: Or they 330: Boxed. Interviewer: Okay. You say they liked to fight, and every time they met they {NS} 330: Had had had had a {D: wrassle or} Interviewer: Okay. Well you say every time they met they fought or they fit or 330: Fit. Interviewer: Every time they met they 330: Well every time they met they they fought. Interviewer: Okay. You say they have what ever since they were little? 330: They they have uh fought all their lives, I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. You say he what her with a big knife, he 330: With a big knife? Interviewer: Yeah he 330: Cut? He hit her with a big knife. Interviewer: Or he s- 330: Slapped slapped her with a knife? Interviewer: Okay or he 330: Cut her with a knife? Interviewer: Or s- sta- 330: Stabbed her with a knife? Interviewer: Okay. Um and say if you were gonna lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to what it up? 330: To le- to to raise machine machinery sometimes on the roof Interviewer: Yeah. You say you had to 330: Well you used a a pulley. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Some kinda pulley or to pull it up I Interviewer: Okay would you use the word hoist or heist? 330: {X} a a a a {D: horse} I'd say. To pull it up there. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say you were going to hoist it up or heist it up 330: Heist it up. Interviewer: Okay. Um now could you start counting slowly? Starting just slowly start counting. 330: What just one two Interviewer: Yeah. 330: three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen Interviewer: Okay. Um the number after nineteen is 330: Twenty Interviewer: And after twenty-six 330: Twenty-seven Interviewer: Okay. After twenty-nine 330: Thirty Interviewer: And thirty-nine 330: Forty Interviewer: Sixty-nine 330: Seventy Interviewer: Ninety-nine 330: Hundred Interviewer: And nine hundred ninety-nine 330: Thousand Interviewer: Okay. And say if you were really rich you'd say you had one 330: Million Interviewer: Okay. Um say there was a lot of people standing someplace say that the man at the head of the line would be called the 330: Leader. Interviewer: Or the what {X} 330: The uh now maybe I didn't get that exactly. Interviewer: Okay say you have a line of men standing somewhere 330: Standing out Interviewer: Yeah 330: And the and the men are would be the front of it? The man in front would be what? Interviewer: Yeah. What would say the man say if there were eleven men the man at the back of the line would be the eleventh man the man at the head of the line would be the 330: The head of the line. Interviewer: Yeah would be the 330: Front? Interviewer: Not the eleventh, he'd be the 330: Twelfth oh Interviewer: Oh okay but the man number one would be the 330: Number number one would be the uh first man? Interviewer: Okay keep going. 330: And uh th- th- then the the number two Interviewer: Would be the 330: Second man Interviewer: Okay. Keep going. 330: Number three would be the third man. Number four would be the fourth man. Number five would be the fifth man. Number six would be the sixth man, number seven would be the seventh man, number eight would be the eighth man and number nine would be the ninth man. Interviewer: Okay what about behind him? 330: And number ten would be the number te- first man. Interviewer: Number ten would be the 330: Number ten Interviewer: The te- 330: Tenth? Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say sometimes you feel your good luck comes just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all 330: All at a certain time Interviewer: Or all 330: All at one time, look like. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you said something two times you'd be saying it 330: Twice. Interviewer: Okay. Um could you name the months of the year slowly? 330: January, February March April May June July August September, October November December Interviewer: Okay. And the days of the week. 330: Monday Tuesday, Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday, Sunday. Interviewer: Okay what does the word Sabbath mean? 330: That's rest day Sunday. Interviewer: Okay and you call that the 330: The last day of the week. Interviewer: Um if you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting? 330: Morning, good morning. Interviewer: Okay. Um how long does morning last? 330: Till noon. Twelve o'clock. Interviewer: Okay and then what 330: Afternoon? Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you say do you ever say good day to people? 330: Yeah I've heard it heard heard good day. Interviewer: When do people say that? 330: Well uh I guess it'd be in the morning I'd think {D: when you see 'em in the morning I'd say} Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the part of the day after supper? 330: Night. Interviewer: Okay is there a another name for that? 330: Uh evening. Interviewer: What's what's the difference between night and evening? 330: {X} {D: make a difference between night and evening but that's what a lot of 'em do you know} Interviewer: do you use the word evening to mean the same thing as night? 330: Mm-hmm. {X} {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay um what would you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving somebody's house at night? {NS} 330: {X} {NS} What would I say when I was leaving somebody's home at night? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say good night. Interviewer: Okay. And you say um say if you had to start work before daylight you'd say we had to we started to work before 330: Before day before daylight Interviewer: Or before sun 330: Before dawn? Interviewer: Or sun 330: Before sun up? Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say we worked until 330: Dark. Interviewer: Or until sun 330: Sunset. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say um you say um this morning I saw the sun 330: Rise? Interviewer: Okay. And you say um the sun what at five o'clock? The sun 330: Set at five. Interviewer: Or the sun 330: Went down Interviewer: Yeah or went up you'd say the sun 330: Went went up Interviewer: Okay. Um you say we were late this morning. When we'd gotten outside the #1 sun had already # 330: #2 Oh sun # sun was way up in the sky. Interviewer: Yeah the sun had already 330: Risen. Interviewer: Okay. And um you say um the sun what at six o'clock this morning, the sun 330: Already done came up. Interviewer: Or the sun r- 330: It was it was up up when I got up. Interviewer: Okay. Would you um you'd say would you say the sun rise at six or the sun rose at six or {C: first pronunciation as rIz} 330: Mm-hmm {X} done risen when I got up. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody came here on Sunday um not the last Sunday but the Sunday before that you'd say he came here Sunday 330: Week ago. Interviewer: Okay. And if he was gonna leave next Sunday um a week after next Sunday you'd say he was gonna leave 330: I'm gonna wait leave next week. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say um Sunday week? 330: Sunday week? Interviewer: Yeah what does that mean? 330: Well that's uh another another week from the day you're speaking of. It'd be another week. Well the following week. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about 330: About half the month. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say Friday is today um Saturday will be 330: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to know the time you'd ask someone 330: What time is it? Interviewer: Okay. And you might look at your 330: Watch. Interviewer: Okay. And if it was mid way between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say it's 330: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Okay. Or it's half 330: Half past seven. Half past seven. {X} would be halfway between. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's halfway between seven thirty and eight you'd say that it's 330: It was seven thirty. Interviewer: No halfway between seven 330: Oh seven and eight? It'd be a quarter 'til eight. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you'd been doing something for a long time you'd say oh I've been doing that for quite a 330: Quite a while. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you might say nineteen seventy-two was last year but nineteen seventy-three is 330: This year. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a child's just had its third birthday you'd say he's 330: three years old. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if something happened on this day last year you'd say that it happened exactly 330: A year ago. Interviewer: Okay. Um you look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 330: Clouds. Interviewer: Okay. And on a day when the sun's shining and there aren't any clouds you'd say that that was a very 330: A- a- a- a beautiful sun. A bright sun. Interviewer: Or what kind of day? It was a 330: Oh clear day. Interviewer: Okay. Um and just on a day like today you'd say it was 330: Cloudy day. Interviewer: Okay um or just really I mean even worse than today you'd say it was a 330: It was a dark real dark day. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if it had been fair and then clouds started coming in and you expected it to rain or snow real shortly you'd say that the weather was 330: it was changing. Interviewer: Okay. Um and say that it had been cloudy but then the clouds pull away and the sun comes out you'd say it looks like it's going to 330: Break away. Interviewer: Or it's going to 330: Clear up again. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call a real heavy rain that lasts just a little while? 330: Uh we'd call it a just a regular cloudburst. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about if it's got thunder and lightning? 330: Electrical storm Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say all night long the wind 330: Blew. Interviewer: Okay. But in years past it has what even harder than that? 330: In what? Interviewer: In um a couple of years 330: Oh Interviewer: ago it has what even harder than that? 330: {X} it was a harder storm than it was last night Interviewer: Yeah the wind has what 330: Blew blew? Hard Interviewer: Okay. Um you say it started to rain and the wind began to 330: To really blow. Interviewer: Okay. Um if the wind's from this direction you'd say it's 330: It's from the east. Interviewer: Okay. A wind halfway between south and west you'd call a 330: Well you'd call it a halfway between south and west you'd call it southwest. Interviewer: Okay. And um halfway between south and east you'd call it a 330: A southeast. Interviewer: Okay and halfway between east and north 330: You'd call it uh northeast. Interviewer: And west and north 330: Well uh northwest. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call okay if it's been raining but not raining very hard you'd call that a 330: A just a slow raining slowly. Not raining hard. Sprinkling. I'd say. I guess. Interviewer: Okay. What if it's 330: Showering just showering. Interviewer: What if it's a little bit lighter than that? 330: Mist. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} say if if you get up in the morning and you can't even see across the road you'd say you had some 330: It's foggy. Interviewer: Okay. Or you'd say that you had some what what do you call that stuff? A real heavy 330: Heavy fog this morning. Interviewer: Okay. If it doesn't rain for weeks and weeks you'd say that you're having a 330: Dry. If it hadn't rained and rained for weeks and weeks we having a dry spell. Interviewer: Okay. Or having a 330: Drought. Interviewer: Okay. Um if the wind had been very gentle and gradually started getting um stronger and stronger you'd say that it was a 330: Gale storm? Interviewer: Yeah or that the wind was 330: Getting stronger? Interviewer: Yeah doing what? 330: Uh like a cyclone? Interviewer: Yeah. You'd say the wind was um picking up #1 or rising or # 330: #2 Pick picking up # Interviewer: coming up 330: Uh-huh, picking up. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if the wind had been strong but was getting weaker and weaker you'd say that it was 330: {D: wind is about to lay} Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} on a morning in the fall when you first go outside it's not really cold, it's just kind of 330: Chilly. Interviewer: Okay. Um and say if it was cold enough to kill the 330: All {D: hole} Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call that that white stuff you have on the ground? 330: Frost. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {X} Interviewer: Um is there any difference saying a frost and a freeze? 330: Well yeah there's there's some difference. A frost is uh {C: tape overlaid} And a freeze would be a freezing the ground. Frost just falls on everything. It kills the leaves and green stuff, frost does, and freeze kills everything if you have a hard freeze. Interviewer: Okay um you'd say it was so cold last night that the lake 330: Frozen over. Interviewer: The lake what? 330: Froze. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say it had already what 330: Froze over. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say if it gets much colder the lake will 330: Freeze? Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the room where you you'd entertain company? 330: Uh living room. Interviewer: Okay what did you call it when you were growing up though? 330: Front room. Interviewer: Okay. And talk about how tall rooms are. You'd say this room's about 330: Eight foot tall. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} {NS} {D: well that's it} 330: {B} {D: the kid's school, to go to school by school with} Interviewer: hmm 330: couldn't just, couldn't just find 'em Interviewer: Well I wanted to just ask you some general questions about, you know, yourself, uh. So your your name first of all, full name. 330: {B} {NS} {B} Interviewer: {D: I'd like to know that last name} 330: {B} Interviewer: And your address? 330: {B} Interviewer: Huh? 330: {B} Huh? And I Interviewer: What's the name of this community? 330: {B} Interviewer: Okay. And see, the county is 330: {B} Interviewer: Okay. Um where were you born? 330: I was born down in {B} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where's that? 330: Back over there by {B} Fact I was west {B} {D: you you been down this} {B} {X} {B} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I was born west {D: over round there} {B} {X} {B} community {X} {D: it's a little} {X} {D: couple a years} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 that was over there. # My father {D: bought} a little place down there when he was a young boy. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 He was elected # 330: while I was {D: just a} small, elected {D: magistrate} of the district. {B} district. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} {D: this is twenty first} but uh I was born in the {B} district. And uh father was born in a little place down Then he sold that and came back when {X} Another farm, {X} {B} district. {X} And uh that's that's where we lived as long as he lived. Interviewer: Yeah. Was that the city? 330: No it's over there on the other road, goes out this road, turns left then goes out towards Kentucky. Interviewer: Was that called {B} 330: Uh-huh {B} Interviewer: How far away? 330: Huh? Interviewer: How far away? 330: From here? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It was uh it's a {D: about a mile} {D: I joined} the place, farm, matter of fact, he owned my farm but uh {D: he uh the good hands road, about his} that's why I walked to school. Now the school, the school was right down here, just that house on the left {D: next} somebody in the house. Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: one night we walked back over there} and now the house is gone. {X} {D: very big old house} {X} old brick house {X} {X} all my life, course I was small when we moved there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And we moved there I believe it was {B} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And it {D: came so often} the snow Lord have mercy I never seen such snow in my life. {C: tape runs over itself 'we moved'} It snowed for weeks and weeks. Creeks froze dry {B} froze over. There, uh, some {X} {B} that's all. {X} And rabbits. We got knee-deep in {X} snow, and {X} my brother, who was younger than I was, we'd go out in it. {D: kept on the grass} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: when we jump him up, he just one jump, it was {X} {NS} Interviewer: What? 330: {D: I'd say zero} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 about all the time. # 330: #1 And we # Comment: #2 {C: tape run over itself} # 330: we didn't have any wood. We'd just moved in and we didn't have we didn't have any wood, a whole bunch of wood in the fireplace, so we had nothing to eat. We didn't have any electricity. Interviewer: Yes. 330: we used kerosene {X} lights Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh As good as I remember, I think we got fifteen cents a piece for those rabbits, those boys. {D: we'd take 'em} {X} {D: last minute} I'm telling you {D: about how awful} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Father {D: run the stove} he'd give {D: us} fifteen cents a piece for those rabbits Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 then. # 330: {X} {D: big man farm, then people he} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: {B} once or twice a week {D: in summer} you know. I imagine he got a quarter for {X} but he gave us each fifteen cents a piece for those rabbits then. {X} {X} and, uh, we got {X} {D: cut down a big tree} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and {D: we're heat} up in wood keep {D: boy} freezing. It didn't, he couldn't a meal couldn't {X} had to have {X} {D: to fight} had shoes, and metal spikes on them {X} see he always this {X} I guarantee you it was that deep. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We had {X} a freeze and some of 'em then sometimes wrap a sack around {X} {X} had to keep it from {D: going off} in your shoes. That's the way we were hunting. And we'd get milk. I'd say we milked two or three cows, maybe four, five, I don't know, two, three. And then we sold we sold a little cream, my mother sold uh sold a little cream. Had a separator. Yeah we had one of those #1 cream separators. # Comment: #2 {C: tape run over itself} # 330: Turned it with our hands, just like cranked it that away. And pour this milk up in there, the milk would go one place, and the cream come out another {X} Got the cream alright. Then we got all that cream got separated, that's what we made our butter out of And we we really {X} milked {X} we had a big time we {D: each} {D: just chilling} and go play We {X} grew up, like I said we grew up hard we had the butter. We picked berries from mother's {X} {X} that and strawberry molasses we'd make molasses, we'd draw cane {X} cane and cut those {X} And then he'd make strawberry molasses. we made jam {D: everybody sweet} Course, my daddy wouldn't. And uh, we {X} But he got to catching bees. Anyway he we had a few beehives and we'd get some honey {X} once every year. Maybe about {X} I'd say round the middle of June. We'd rob the bees. {X} They'd bite you, too. Sting. We had a lot of sweets, that and we didn't buy much. what I mean, we raised, uh killing hogs hogs and kill 'em in the fall. I still have hogs and kill 'em. And, uh {NS} we raised five, uh, seven chickens I mean uh geese, my mother raised geese to make us feather beds and clothes out of. And I'd catch 'em, sell 'em, hatch 'em and I kept kept those geese. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: And she'd pet 'em and I {X} started off {C: repeated section of tape 'make us feather beds'} I'd have to hold the head {X} and grab 'em, you know for mother. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And pinch 'em. Heads in the little {D: saws in his mouth} He'd just shake, you know, but she'd my mother'd make you stand and hold his head while she picked 'em, she picked 'em and put these feathers in a sack. and then she'd get enough of 'em she'd make a pillow. She made feather beds. Interviewer: {D: you'd pull his all} 330: {X} That's what they raised was geese. {NW} geese {X} half a dozen. Interviewer: And then he grew 'em back didn't he? 330: Yeah, yeah I'd pick 'em. {X} picked 'em twice a year. Yeah, they grow back. Yes, uh the first thing you ever seen grow back. And they'd lay five {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: {D: go out there, wait a little} {X} {D: I'd set 'em and} {X} Green hands {D: steeped 'em} and I was the one who done it. And I set them rascals old geese are feisty many times old gander would {X} Little ones called called {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And he'd {D: thread} going by and he'd grab run right after me just like a {X} If I'd run, he'd go too, right after me and course when I'd stop, he'd stop. {C: tape sounds like it's been run over itself} {X} chickens We had, my mother had a dozen of those chickens, and we {D: we got eggs} Interviewer: #1 What kind of chickens? # 330: #2 {X} # {X} Just uh general chickens they'd be {X} white white rocks, or {D: lay} ones Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: like binoculars. {X} most {D: ordinary} chickens. We had a lot of different varieties of chicken and and uh we {X} fact {X} is we {D: brought brought} the cream and uh those eggs we just brought to our grocery store Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 we had to have. # We didn't have any telephones we didn't have any electricity, you know I didn't know what electricity was {X} at all. And uh little {D: corn} {X} Nowadays I don't see how #1 {D: everybody} # Comment: #2 {C: tape is replayed over itself here} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 330: #2 lives # or that there was kind of conditions. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh we {X} we went to school, too I went to school, like I said my sister, I got a sister. {B} She's going on seventy-four years old. She's several years older than I. {X} Interviewer: How old are you? 330: I'm sixty-seven this year. I'll be sixty-seven this year. {B} Interviewer: What um {X} so you said you you just went through the eighth grade of school? 330: I think that's all Interviewer: Is this school {B} 330: Only school I ever went to, only place I ever went in my life. I've got a bunch of pictures up here I can show you. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: When I started, I started at six years old. Do you want to look at them? Interviewer: #1 Yeah I'd like that. # 330: #2 Do you want to get that? # {NS} I've any {X} got to get my glasses, I can't {X} {NS} Interviewer: {NS} 330: {NS} {NS} {NS} This is a old they're folders. {D: I had 'em made} {B} when I was six year old. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Are you in here? 330: Yeah. Yeah right here. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 330: #2 Yeah right here down here. # bout six years old Interviewer: yeah 330: {X} I had a sister there, I'll show you her. Interviewer: You both look funny to me. #1 Now # 330: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: now the clothes look a little funny to me. {D: little sick shirt} 330: That's my sister right here {D: the ribbon to me} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Now you see don't you see little grown men and uh and uh see little grown men Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 330: #2 {X} # {X} All these grown women, they old you see {X} {D: grown man} and he's in his eighties. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And I was going to school there if you can even imagine. See they were they were they was eighteen, eighteen, nineteen, some of 'em mighta been twenty year old. And yeah the teacher right here this part right here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} Interviewer: And you said {X} 330: Well they'd just get onto the line. {D: didn't get into no} trouble. Interviewer: {NW} 330: And I have a have another one here I'd reckon {D: it's a boy} That's me nineteen twenty. I think {B} right here in this one my teacher's right behind me here. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah right here beside oh I see it got tired of it fourteen years earlier {X} That little girl standing right there beside him {X} four or five years old. {NS} {D: and yeah going again} I never did {X} {B} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: That's right here. Interviewer: Was your sister in this one? 330: No, my oldest sister, I have a I got a young one in this one I think I got a young one, a baby sister. {D: all these years uh} {NS} {D: let me see if I can start again} She's on this on that one no {D: let me find this one again} I got a baby sister {D: she's right here} {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: sister {NS} {NS} Interviewer: {D: what kind of sister, one} 330: {D: I wouldn't take nothing from her} Interviewer: {NW} 330: {D: I been more than giving} {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah, you are {X} 330: {NS} Is that enough? {D: I wouldn't} {X} {NS} and {X} you know Interviewer: {X} you could name all {X} 330: Yeah I'd want to name 'em all {D: turn 'em in the paper} {D: I tell 'em} {X} instead of {X} a good little bit {NS} {D: then I went in with a with a kind of paper} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: then tore, see at the united {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: names. They said they doesn't want 'em mixed up {D: wasn't that nineteen ten} I don't know what it is about this one somebody called {X} {D: messed her up} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: My half I would say {X} {D: they were grown men} {D: I might've gotten a step} Interviewer: You just got all kinda books and things, don't you? 330: Uh-huh, yeah. So I can we'll get back on something else. Now you asked me {X} anything Interviewer: Okay well I guess so. Information about let's see, the church you go to 330: Well I don't go to church too much. I I my father and mother were Baptist Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and my wife here belongs to the Methodists. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I have a nephew that's a Baptist preacher. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape is overlaid here back at 'father and mother were Baptist'} I never I never did join any church. There's a lot of things going on that I never did appreciate and go for they way they did, and I just there was any church, I just don't believe anybody like at a {X} church, they do things like they done {D: I never did never did join} Interviewer: Yeah. Um what work have you done? Mainly just farm, or {X} 330: I've farmed all my life, like you said I worked a tobacco company thirty-eight years before I had that heart attack. I never missed a a day. {X} Interviewer: And what company 330: {B} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: #1 worked thirty-eight years # Comment: #2 {C: tape is overlaid with 'all my life, like you said'} # Interviewer: What did you do there? 330: Worked down at at What where'd I do that? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did you do there? 330: Oh! I did a lot of different things, I started out weighing tobacco. First thing you do is {X} {D: weighing and receiving tobacco in the warehouses} I had to weigh it #1 mark it up and then grind it up # Comment: #2 {C: tape overlaid with 'I did a lot of different things, I started out'} # 330: and then make up barrels {D: and put} nine hundred some ten pounds in a barrel, I'd make it up and then these boys would {D: tack it} and hand it to a {X} {D: and two-handed tug} {X} And course before I quit that's all eliminated, they just went in now to machines. and a big {D: thread} comes out of it {X} and uh {C: tape overlaid with 'before I quit'} all gathered up and we would protect {X} When I first started get a little crust to dry {D: dry up if you crushed it} And we I had to have {D: bowls} made {X} to get all packed up. Interviewer: You had what now? 330: bowls {X} {D: lead barrel} And uh they stand over here and {D: lay that tobacco} {X} They'd pick up this {D: board} and lay lay it over here Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} someone would pack it on this side. Interviewer: What's that {D: half or half of} 330: The barrels are round Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and they have both {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and they {X} crack the back down then they {X} {X} {X} different men was bosses you know they were old men when I started down there I felt like a {D: school kid} {D: I was scared of him as a bear} #1 {D: he'd come through and # Comment: #2 {C: tape overlaid} # 330: #1 {X} # Comment: #2 {C: tape overlaid} # 330: And he was not {X} about the smoking. {C: tape overlaid} And now they'd do anything in the world and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: handling handling rocks} {D: pay more attention to nothing nowadays} {X} {X} now but they still don't have the younger generation {D: north} all they have is money up there. They don't care nothing about product with their hands. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: #1 yeah. # 330: #2 like that. # Interviewer: Where was this tobacco company in {B} 330: no, they uh they {X} {B} When I started working for 'em once hired me well I {X} {B} uh-huh. Interviewer: How long did you live in {B} 330: I just I I just worked in {B} Interviewer: #1 Oh you worked there. # 330: #2 {X} # The man's {X} wouldn't hire me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and uh I I hired a winter this young boy {X} I told him {X} but working {D: had me} years and I never did lose any time. Uh I had my babies born I lost a few hours. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} {X} You know I didn't get the whole day in but I worked some. And other than that that's the only time I lost any I wasn't ever sick or I didn't have to you know have to be out of anything. I worked regular and {X} I'd have to say that, they were really good telling me. I didn't get much money they didn't pay much [X} but it {X} {X} days, you know they grabbed {D: to raise that rate} every year I'd give 'em a little raise {X} the whole time I was there. When I quit I was making ninety dollars a week and they paid me solid. Through when I started {X} closed market closed Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Then they cut me off. And then next fall they picked me up again I kept {X} go get samples we'd go getting {D: cards} all over the country middle Tennessee and and places and pick up samples Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: for 'em and they'd send these samples to Richmond, Virginia to the laboratory and have 'em tested see how much nicotine {D: in 'em} before they go. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} low in nicotine As a matter of fact {X} get in on it If it was heavy they wouldn't buy too much. {C: tape overlaid, unintelligible} I went twenty-some odd years with uh in a {X} {X} {D: didn't happen to get those samples} and I enjoyed it of course. A lot of the time it'd be awful cold but we have a lot of fun, there's a lot of work too, now. fun, too. We enjoy I enjoyed it. Little man the {D: boss} now lives in South Carolina. He {D: begged me not to} Last year and the year before before year before last especially wanted to come down and said just run it. Course I told him I said {NW} you ain't telling me that, I said I know {X} I said no {X} {D: find your way in the world} It won't work. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: If they worked like we grew up {D: working} I wouldn't have enjoyed {X} {NW} Those boys wouldn't work. They want their money but they didn't want to do anything to get it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's why they all {X} Interviewer: Um. What sort of people do you see mostly? you mentioned you just loved traveling testing this tobacco, you know? Did #1 were you ever # 330: #2 Yeah? # Interviewer: active in clubs, or 330: Uh in clubs? Interviewer: Yeah or {NW} How is uh the people that I'm interested- What type of people do you come in contact with and how do you come in contact with them? 330: {D: via this club?} Interviewer: Just generally. I mean, like you say say if you never joined a church then most of your friends wouldn't be people that you'd meet at at your church. You you wouldn't be active at church. But are you active in in clubs or do you travel much or you know meet a lot of people? 330: Oh yeah I I been been round a lot of different folks. And uh had uh We used to have a little meeting here of teacher we had {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: that are had little meetings. We'd met meet once a week. He was helping us people that you know didn't get to have a {X} {C: potentially unintelligible speech from another woman, like his wife} {X} {D: I had my way, I don't say I did a lot} {X} he was taught in schools how to college or how to make a living farming Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: do these things you know and then I {D: bought up on} my father. {X} I wouldn't say that I changed a lot of ways but he had they had a {D: good items} alright. Interviewer: What about 330: {D: I could settle 'em and} {X} {D: what I did I did it that way} {D: if I didn't I wouldn't} change my way of doing it Interviewer: Uh-huh and is this related to farming? #1 {X} # 330: #2 Yeah mm-hmm yeah. # Yeah. Yeah we'd have a meeting once a week. We have 'em for years and then at the end of the schooling you know we'd have he called it a about a six eight weeks meeting he'd hold he'd hold about six eight weeks. And then uh then we'd have a big main supper. Get together a whole community we'd get together all meet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And I made my home here I don't know quite a few times and we'd have supper here. And have a big time oh we'd have a big Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 time. # 330: And he's still a good friend of mine. he put a took his boys over there {X} {D: and put a} {D: bean in the barncloth on me} about about a month ago. {D: and broke now} {X} he and his boys made me a {D: bean tin man} Interviewer: What what's a 330: in the back of the plow that I plow plowed my garden with {X} It's just a plow you use with a mule. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and uh I plow my garden with it, yeah. Interviewer: And do you put a 330: I made a the {D: bean} in it {X} {D: the boys} was planting tobacco last year and I broke it out. And I got me a a great long piece for that business and {D: cashed over} and then worked on Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 it # put it in the in the shop, you know, and boy he took those boys and {D: they done fixed it} both holes in and put the pieces off my old one and put 'em back together on this one. And he it's like a brand new one. Interviewer: What's {X} {D: you call this place a bean}? 330: Yeah uh-huh bean. Interviewer: #1 What part is that? # 330: #2 Bean uh # Interviewer: And what does it do? 330: That's the main part. It just holds the feet thing to the plow. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: See that bolt? And they have a thin hole same thing have a bolt goes through the thing in back to keep covered up your tobacco corn, anything, you can {X} anything with it. But I used I didn't I hadn't worked anywhere since I had that heart attack. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I just worked {X} I taught Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 oh I do anything. # Interviewer: You call this a tobacco plow, yes? 330: Mm-hmm, yes. Tobacco plow. Interviewer: What other kinds of plows are there? 330: huh? Interviewer: what other kinds of #1 plows # 330: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: are there? 330: What other kind of plows? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well we used to have a plow we broke our ground with turning plow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh where two mules come and we had we had turn plow but we had three mules too. We'd put three abreast and Interviewer: What did you call this? What did you call the two mules that would work together? 330: The two mules yes uh we you mean this the uh two mules work the one plow? Interviewer: Yeah. Do you call that 330: Well uh I we have a we just called 'em two mules being working {D: to} each other. We had a doubletree. Interviewer: uh-huh 330: and then when we added we bought a bigger plow we there were three mules to it we had a triple-tree, we called it and same tree worked on {X} too. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} We called 'em uh two-team plow and a three-team plow. Interviewer: Two team? The team is two? 330: Yeah two mules. Interviewer: What about three? 330: And uh that that would be three team plow. {X} Interviewer: Let's see also I need to know a little bit about your parents where they were born what education they had what they do. 330: Oh uh I don't imagine they're get down to just tell the truth about it uh my father was elected {D: magistrate} course he went they went to school a little bit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: but he didn't he didn't get his father died when he was right small He'd been raised right up here above me right on the other side of the road. That's where his father what broke his leg and died. and he fathers four boys {X} and the mother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And my father was the oldest one. And he uh {X} made a living for Ma and he once {X} what schooling he could get go to. He was elected. He could read and write. He elected {D: magistrate} and served forty-two years and never was beaten till he got where he couldn't hear and then he resigned. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 after # he served forty-two years as a {D: magistrate} in county court. You know what that is. Know they elect two out of the district, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And he was elected we little ones {D: paid} {X} Where I told you I was born he was elected down there. And he went on till he held it forty-two years. He was getting up around eighty when he said he couldn't got where he couldn't hear what the questions they was voting on and he's hard time so resigned to get out so he quit. Interviewer: He was born here? in {B} 330: He was born right up there on this hill right above me down on the side of the road. In the community right above me. Interviewer: Yeah. What about your mother? 330: She was uh she was born up on above where I was raised at on a road on the left. they come in here I could tell you what my grand- what daddy did Alabama. And she was I imagine she was I'm I'm I'm pretty I'm uh pretty sure she was borned up there. My mother had a brother and a sister and then they had uh my grandmother had married before my father married and she had two girls down in Alabama. {X} {D: at the war} So my mother was born I'd I'd say up there above us up there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And her parents were from Alabama? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know what part of Alabama? 330: No I just just don't Interviewer: #1 Alabama # 330: #2 couldn't tell you, just from # Alabama. {X} They was raising cotton. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they weren't doing any good to come up here and decide the land was a lot better and thought they could make a better living. And they bought a little place I don't imagine {X} three four hundred dollars for the farm Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 I imagine. # Five hundred I'd sit outside {X} {X} Interviewer: And uh you wouldn't know anything about their education? 330: No I just mm-mm I don't know. Interviewer: Where you wouldn't know anything about your great grandparents would you? #1 Where they # 330: #2 Uh-uh. Don't # know anything bout where they went to school at or anything. I know my like I told you one of my uncles was a Baptist preacher and he had had a little course he he had a little education. He could read the Bible you know. {X} {X} I was small, had the measles and he he come see me every morning first thing {X} till I finally broke out. {X} come in one morning said 'God knows you right now.' {X} A good {X} says, 'you'll get alright now John.' He called me John. And I said, 'Well I hope so.' Everything tasted so bad. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: The red measles is tough I tell you. {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: What do you know about um your mother? You said education and 330: Daddy? Interviewer: Your well your mother's her education. 330: I imagine she I she went to school some. I imagine she probably got up to fourth, fifth grade, I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess she could read right somebody got sixth grade {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess probably got up to sixth grade maybe. They could they could read the paper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um did she was she just a housewife? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about your father's um parents? 330: Well my father like I said he was his daddy broken his leg {X} And uh well after he broke his leg he uh I think his mind turned bad and he didn't live no time I don't think. {X} his name was {D: Clay} And he he was lord have mercy my daddy said he never had been no {D: white boy}. He'd get up {D: start climbing} before daylight. It just worked out {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. so they were just four of us there? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Were they born here in {X} 330: Uh I really don't know where my father's {X} born there but I know he lived right up here at a {X} cross the road up here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Well I don't know where he was born. he was he mighta he's born I'd say Tennessee, middle Tennessee I'd imagine maybe he was born in he didn't kinda {X} Alabama. Interviewer: Yeah. You wouldn't know where his family came from before that would you? Where his family your uh your father's side of the family where they came from before? 330: No I just said oh I bet {X} talk about they lived on this little farm, that's it for me. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 and uh # and that's all they ever did speak of, about you know They I imagine he lived there when when he was maybe grew up there, I don't know. I never did well the fact of business is I just never did ask him. I was little you know young back then and I never did ask too much about him. I heard him talk about it now my grandmother lived on father's mother lived on a good while. Till they were old men and married. And the fact is she didn't die till World War One. And uh she uh talked to me about it {C: tape overlaid here} about the hard times they used to have, you know when daddy was {X} trying to make a living for the all those boys and then she up and married again. After he died after and they all married each other as old men she married an old man. and later I'd say four or five years maybe more I don't know how long but several years anyway, then she she died during World War One. One. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about your wife? Um how old is she? 330: My wife? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: She's she's fifty-nine. Interviewer: Okay. And she had a high school education right? 330: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Um do you know anything about her parents, where they were from, or 330: Yeah uh I think I think they were raised down near {B} well her father was and her mother was raised down there too, I think, grew up down there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid here} 330: Her father her father was a {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {B} and her mother was a {B} she was named after and {B} her mother was and they been dead since {B} one day she died of a heart attack. Just as World War Two got over. She had three three boys isn't it? One of 'em got back here two or three days before she died and the other two was over in {X} when she died. But her father lived on up till he was almost eighty, I think good long while after that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess it's he been dead about eighteen years I'd say her father has something like that. Interviewer: Um is your wife real active in church or any #1 clubs? # 330: #2 Yes, she goes to # Methodist church Interviewer: Would you say she's active in it? 330: Yes she goes every Sunday. Interviewer: Okay um now I'd like to get some idea the house that you grew up in. Could you make a little sketch of it for me? 330: Well um Interviewer: Just sort of a where the rooms were you know? {X} Just on the back of this paper. 330: It's a it's a it's a big uh room so like I said the there was an upstairs and a downstairs and a basement. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh I guess we just {X} well {D: a bit the top} {C: tape overlaid here} and a Interviewer: Just show me how the rooms were. You know like you're looking at it from above. 330: Well uh you want the rooms pictured over here in this line? Interviewer: Yeah. Just like the room here was called so. You know that kind of thing. 330: Uh well {X} well and uh {D: well that well now that} {D: front rooms} here this here's the bedroom we called it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Bed bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} And uh then uh the dining room was back in here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and then the kitchen was right here. Kitchen here and uh and uh this is uh dining room here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And this is the yeah 330: D Interviewer: Yeah. 330: dining and then kitchen Interviewer: Yes okay. 330: Kitchen. And uh then with the dining room here we had two big and we had uh big rooms and {D: the biggest lights you ever saw}. Now the upstairs I'm gonna get 'em mixed well that uh we got uh two big rooms. down here would be {D: and the stairs} I would how'd the best way to get it there {NS} uh Interviewer: Just show me where the stairs are and then like you know the 330: Well like well like {D: I was saying} we come in here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: were stairs. And the front porch that porch, too Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 would come right # down here like this {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} {X} And you'd come in off this porch well I believe it would be on this end here {D: red room} where the stairs really start. And they'd come on up and circle on like this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And this is {D: up here} and up uh upstairs here and now there's where I slept. Bedroom. Interviewer: Is this is this upstairs now? 330: This is upstairs right here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That's where that's the room I slept in. And over here we had two more {X} rooms bedrooms. Slept in. and down here I believe I'm getting it mixed up over this here I've got it I oughta add this bit this other part down here cuz this is the bedroom. That's my father's slept in dining room and kitchen up there and then these bedrooms here. And this is oh that's what this is there'd need to be a porch here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Oh in here in this bedroom here you come in you come in the door here whatever door. Something like this and then this thing the stairway the long line comes in up here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: {X} And these others got one back over here that does the same thing going in these other rooms. It just it just winds comes along back up like that. Interviewer: This stairway? 330: Mm-hmm big stairway {X} and there was this is a basement. Well I had a basement. And then this porch here. The basement was lined with uh rock and brick walls and had two {X} {D: built in} you know it was a really built high. They say the brick was built made down in the yard. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: {D: and play time} and I've been told that. I couldn't guarantee that but that's what I've been told in my time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: And uh Interviewer: So you had a basement? And then how many rooms did you have on the first floor? 330: Uh in the basement? Interviewer: Uh 330: I mean up in Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 there? # Well up there was uh six six rooms I believe it was. Interviewer: #1 On the first floor? # 330: #2 {NW} # On the main floor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And a bathroom we we finally put a bathroom in back here off of the kitchen we had a little room built. Had the well was in the porch here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Well had a Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 and this is a # bathroom we had a the well was right here close to right here by the edge of the kitchen {C: tape overlaid here} turn the water off in the bathroom. Later when we got electricity Interviewer: So the kitchen was on the the kitchen how many bedrooms were on the first floor, on the main floor? Just one? 330: No there was uh two two bedrooms at twenty-some odd feet {D: square on the} first floor. Then there's another room there's another attic up there in the top we didn't put anything you coulda you coulda had rooms up in there but we just didn't Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 talk about it. # 330: That that would've been four stories but we didn't have enough but this Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 {X} # Interviewer: So when you walked into the from the porch on into the house you were in what room? 330: In the bedroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh and then 330: And that's where I said the stairs the stairs came up where I slept at and my brother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And my sister near me slept over in {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So you were There were two big bedrooms? {D: down} was there anything where would company sit? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Where would company sit? 330: We we stayed down at their bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Where my father slept. Interviewer: And then you walked back into the kitchen? 330: Well right into the dining room and then Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 the kitchen. # Interviewer: And then there were three bedrooms upstairs? 330: Um well uh we we we had we would use 'em as you could make three {X} they was big rooms we didn't have but just a bed in each upstairs. {D: what if somebody put} room Interviewer: So you had two huge rooms upstairs? 330: Uh-huh in this attic and in the attic another room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Oh well I said oh we didn't use it. We just stored stuff in that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Let's see so so you had two huge rooms upstairs and two huge rooms #1 downstairs? # 330: #2 Downstairs. # 330: And then we had here this uh this little bathroom kitchen and dining room. Interviewer: And the bedroom and the bedroom downstairs. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: So two three bedrooms downstairs and a dining room and a kitchen. 330: That's right. Interviewer: I see. 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay tell me something about the how you got heating. You said you had #1 firewood? # 330: #2 Wood. # 330: Cut wood. Interviewer: What would you call you'd lay the wood down on the 330: On the dog iron. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the smoke would go up 330: Long chimney. {D: way the tallest one like a hey you I look at you and I seen that} {X} pretty sure that slavery was what made those brick right there in the yard. I've been told that and I I imagine that's true, course I couldn't guarantee that but I may know {D: what brick} were made there was old houses old old houses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Course the my father spent too much on it {X} working on it and oh then a cyclone hit it twice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: During the the period by the time we lived there when I lived there. We were milking and the barn we {X} and we were {X} I was milking in the milk barn behind the stock barn. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: And the cyclone hit right one afternoon and it killed three cows {X} {X} I came to and my father's hollering crying oh lordy it had killed me. And uh I told him I came to there's a cow laying dead beside of me down on the concrete you know and I came to I jumped up and run inside. And pulled him out. I think I worried worse than he worried trying to pull him out from under the {D: living room steps}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I gave him I told him out on the road then my stepmother told him {X} {X} He was well that came {X} old country there {X} Interviewer: Mm. 330: {D: that's two minutes} {X} you don't have any and they just why you come walk up to this. Filled a room full of cars thing. And I can tell you what year that cyclone was. I imagine {X} round uh round nineteen {X} I think right round nineteen ten {B} when it came through. First and then another one came through. I wasn't living there. Tore uh one side and {X} the house off again. Had to put it back. We were we were gone. My father I had sold it he had died and {X} bought it. and he had uh he put it back he didn't have anybody living in it he had bought it but wasn't anybody I don't think living in there I don't think that second time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: But it killed three cows the first time. In the barn I was milking in, the milk barn. I just a miracle to be living already. {NS} Interviewer: Was a is a milk barn different from a regular barn? 330: Mm-hmm built behind it yeah it joined it but it's behind it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: On each side of it back behind had the straining room where we kept the milk at was there on the south side of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever have a special place for milking cows outside? 330: Uh yeah we after that barn blew away we built another milk barn on the to the we had to build another barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then we built a sixteen by eighteen foot shed on the east. {X} {C: tape overlaid here} {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: Okay um {NS} so you had that shed 330: Mm-hmm. Concreted and fixed airtight you know wasn't nothing couldn't get in. {D: all you got you got a lock tight on} we first started selling milk we didn't have a thing we just milked 'em right out there in the lot. I was young. Started Interviewer: What what's a lot? 330: Just pasture lot you know where they run at past we drove 'em up past there in the lot milked 'em and {D: set in the spring} big spring down there. And cooled it and that's where they hauled it {X} what you would you talked to him, didn't you? {X} Interviewer: I don't know if I see him. 330: Yeah I said you to talk to well then he started holding our milk then back there when I was a young boy and that's where we milked the right there and set it in the spring. And then they got getting tight on it and tighter on it you know {D: and it's all real different} Interviewer: What do you mean tight? 330: Half bottles you know {D: had to they} got {X} we went for years and years and used ice. We didn't have electricity you know. Interviewer: You used ice? 330: Mm-hmm. To cool it. Big boxes set the milk over in it. And then about three hundred pound block of ice. Put the ice in the box and it'd stay there till it {D: just wh- they get too low with it with all} milk truck would bring us another three hundred pound block. {D: loads in there} That's where we cooled it. Until we got electricity and then we got a refrigerator you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Set them box Interviewer: What'd you call this box? 330: Ice box? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just 330: Used to call a regular ice box or the milk the milk cooler, we we just it held water it's we uh well I mean we called it the milk cooler. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This was different from a spring? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: How would you use the spring just for yourself? 330: {D: we wad 'em wad 'em} {D: washed 'em off the top up you know that pump} um Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: Holes like you know to pray wash up in your barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And use the water in your spring but uh they finally made a bigger well down there I think after we sold it my father died and I sold it. Finally had to dig a well. Interviewer: What um okay now talk about a fireplace um the open well that part right there in front of the fireplace. 330: Hearth? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay #1 um # 330: #2 Hearth. # Interviewer: and the thing that goes up across there that you set vases on. 330: The jamb. {NS} Interviewer: What? 330: Jamb. What the those bricks setting on? Interviewer: What what part is that? The {NS} 330: That's what I call this. Jamb. Interviewer: Hmm. So just the sort of the top part of the that's still the fireplace. 330: It it it's a I we called it the jamb that's what I've always called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That there what the holds on it's a big piece of metal Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It cut across there in the brick and set on it you know you see. Interviewer: Oh I see. 330: And it's got a a ventilator up in it. Mine has, now of course our old ones didn't you know, you cut it off and at if you wanted to use electricity all electricity we I use that we use that all the time, I {X} fireplace but if you wanted to use electricity and keep it you'd just flip that thing down in there and {D: just airtight} {D: up in the chimney, see} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And you can keep your air in here, hot air in here. Interviewer: What about that board that goes across the up there 330: Mantel? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard that called anything besides that? 330: Mantelpiece is all I {X} is all I I guess all you all I believe it's all I've ever heard it called. Interviewer: Mantelpiece? 330: Mm-hmm. Mantelpiece. {NS} This here we called it the mantel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay say you were gonna make a fire or build a fire first of all {NS} you might if you're gonna start the fire you might use this kinda wood that 330: Kindling? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Get up and kindle it. {C: tape overlaid} {X} Get some kindling, put it in there and uh get your get you some matches {X} a lot of old people did, I never did but a lot of old people heap of 'em would get {D: cogs} and soak 'em in kerosene and lay 'em lay 'em down there and set a match to 'em and start 'em like that. But I never did do it always just have me some uh kindling I'd put up kindling. I have it in the old garage out there and I keep it in there all the time and just bring lay it in there and now I might take some paper and light the paper and then stick it on there you know like that and start it. And it don't take but a few minutes to get really going. I keep this seed wood too you know {X} {D: oh it really burns} Interviewer: What about that you might take a big piece of wood and keep it at the back 330: Back stick? Interviewer: Okay. What 330: You you've seen some wood then. You been around fireplaces? Interviewer: I I never really paid that that close attention. 330: Yeah we uh I have back stick, put it on the back stick. Every morning. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {D: but use one today} and that burns up and at night my my mother used to we she cooked a lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: My mother would we'd have jam and had a whole {X} {D: up there} had a metal out of metal pot. We had a big old black pot {D: the way you ever saw one} And a handle on it. {NS} {D: it had a} Y come down and and uh hook come over singletree I'd say that's what it looked like to me, I'm not even sure that's where it came from or what {D: singletree workers} {D: work on mules} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And she hook that thing in there and she'd put her beans uh peas uh something she's wanting to cook slow Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd cook cook 'em in that pot there on that and I've seen 'em {D: my uncle} {NS} uncle {B} come from Alabama lived with us moved back with us and lived with us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh after we got up {D: later} and uh {D: I'd go he'd go boy come over and eat} {D: supper with me he he was old} when I say old I thought he's old he was seventy years old about I was a kid like you know and I enjoy he'd want to go possum hunting. At night. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And he'd beg me said {D: to Johnny when you get} get through milking don't go eat supper now said {D: Betty that's his wife} she'll have supper cooked for us and we'll get two or three good possums {D: tonight} So I go out and she cooks she had a uh uh thing oven thing oven called like iron and and cooked 'em made that stuff bread stuff and cooked it on in the fire. Interviewer: Yeah. Did that have little legs on it? 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: That oven? 330: Yeah. Cooked it in there and that was the best bread I thought I'd ever eaten in my life. {D: from ten years since then} And she'd cook us stuff right on that meat stuff right in that thing on that fire. Interviewer: What'd you call that bread do you remember? 330: {C: tape overlaid} Uh I just wouldn't know. Hardly hardly asked uh I'd call it a hoecake. But I don't remember if that's exactly what she called 'em that hoecake I thought best bread I just all together you know just great big thing in that oven and a big rack of skillet big thing and sitting in that fire. And she just make up this corn bread stir it up make it up and pour it in there and put a top on it. And cook it so long and make it was it tasted as good as cake to me. I really enjoyed it. Really enjoyed it. Then after we'd get through eating our supper we'd go {C: tape overlaid} get us a lantern that's all we had, didn't have a flashlight {X} take this lantern old {D: coal light lantern} {D: dog a tree} and he set the lantern on my head and asked me if I could get his eyes possum up in the tree Interviewer: Yeah 330: {NW} I'd say I got him I got him whoa don't shoot yet, don't shoot yet wait wait let me tell you when to shoot John you're getting you're trying to get too quick now son, just wait let me tell you when to pull the trigger. He'd say you see his eyes now? I'd say yeah. Pull the trigger! Uh I {X} possum would hit us on the head {X} {D: come out of that} and I killed a coon one time like that. Dog tree I didn't know it was a coon thought it was a possum. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh I had it lying on my head and I I said I can't get but one eye! {D: you seen one eye} cuz that's that don't sound like a possum, John, that sounds like a coon. I said one eye's all I'm getting. Interviewer: Well I guess that 330: He he wouldn't let you get coons unless you see one time he liked possums. And uh so we he said look good now I'll tell you when to shoot. {D: say} I said well I- I- I'll I'll shoot one eye I ain't gonna he ain't never showed me the other one. I don't see but one eye. He said pull the trigger. I I shot me the biggest coon like hit us on the head you ever seen me {B} {D: that named after} that's a coon, t- ain't a possum and it was a grand big coon. {D: ring necked coon} tell you a ring tail coon. Interviewer: How did you shoot holding that lantern on your head? 330: I he held the lantern Interviewer: Yeah but 330: he held the lantern and I held the gun. He had the lantern sitting right on top of my head take my hat off set the lantern up on my head and I had to sight up that straight up in the tree that gun with that light {X} too much light now if we had good lights like you do now they I've got a light in there my kids give me look like a freight train. Just click a button on now if we'd had a light like that we could really hunt but we didn't have it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We'd go fishing here in our {X} he was the best fisherman I ever saw. Every time we'd come up the rain, get the creeks muddy he'd want to go catch us a mess of fish. And he'd catch 'em just as fast as you could pull the hook in. I couldn't get 'em back mine I'd make {X} one with him you know he'd fix me one I never could catch one. I didn't know how. But he'd catch a great big string of catfish every time we'd go. {D: but he just liked to} do it when he's young you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And he poor fellow was the first fellow I ever seen die of cancer and he great big man he'd tell me, I can remember this as well as if it was yesterday he said Johnny I've got to leave my flesh away says I'll live quite a while but says I'm gonna die, I'm gonna leave y'all and I says um {X} you don't know that you don't know when you're gonna die he says yes I do. {X} he had waited on the world of people that's what he {D: fact of most what he did} {D: was set those folks and wait on 'em bunch of day} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And and then he had said people said had cancer he told me he knew and he knew he had it. Well he did. He lived on till he wasn't as big as nothing. When he finally died. Just lived his did it like everything got where he couldn't eat got where long time couldn't eat couldn't keep nothing on his stomach you know just kept falling off falling off till finally he died. Interviewer: Mm. 330: That's a awful way to die that was that cancer but they there's a lot of 'em you know look like me that well we didn't hear as much about it back then when I was a little fellow. Sixty years ago well you do now we looks like all our family's old dying now with it you know just world of people dying. Some of 'em young too you don't have to be an old person now to have cancer and die. My school teacher, the one I was telling you about a little I was standing in her her husband died with it had leukemia, didn't live no time, I didn't even know he was sick. And he died just right now. Interviewer: Okay um talking about a a fireplace that um the black stuff that forms in the chimney 330: Soot? Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you burn something down completely all that would be left would be 330: Ashes. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay let me see the chimney would you call what if you had something sorta like that um in a factory you know that the smoke goes through? 330: {D: a smokestack} Interviewer: Okay. Is that that the same type of thing 330: Factory yeah used to when I would go to town on a wagon we'd haul tobacco stuff down there {D: them smokes} uh way big smoke pipes. And they's burning coal stuff you know and you'd see they come out smoking {D: bawl out 'em} early in the morning they'd light 'em up you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd {D: tell you the truth about it all Nashville} would be covered up in smoke. That's how everything was heated you know burning coal and everybody used it of course. Smoke pipe. {NS} Stack, smoke stack. That's what they called it. #1 Pipe # Interviewer: #2 Smoke # 330: Smoke stack pipe. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay. Um and talk about kinds of furniture um what would you call this thing that I'm sitting in now? 330: Well that's a it's just a rocking chair or kind of a rocking chair living room chair something I don't {X} This is what I'd really call a rocking chair. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And that's just a living room chair I reckon you could call it course you {D: some rock in it} {D: rock in it} but I'd call this a rocking chair right here.{NS: knocking} Interviewer: What what about something longer than a chair that two or three people can sit on? 330: Sofa? Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for that, or different types, or 330: devonette I guess some of 'em might call it {X} do do they call 'em devonettes? Interviewer: Yeah I've heard that word. Is that 330: I believe I've heard someone call it I I've always called it sofa see we had one over there sitting over there against the wall Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And lots of 'em made I don't know lots of 'em had well you can turn it down and make a bed out of it you know I expect you've seen those, haven't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just pull 'em down if you ever have some extra company need a bed just pull it down put your mattress on it spring you know let 'em sleep on it. {X} Interviewer: Okay what about um the furniture you might have in your bedroom to it has drawers in it you put clothes in it. 330: Chest of drawers. {X} Uh uh well you used used to used to have a old {NS} we didn't have {X} you know like you said about that and you'd have these things to may uh {NS} uh {D: wash stand} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And ch- an- chest of drawers. Interviewer: What about something that did the same thing as a closet that you you know you hang your clothes up in 330: Hmm that was a Interviewer: But it's not built in 330: Mm I know it I know what you're talking about I can't can't think of what called it then. It was a uh wa- I guess it's a wardrobe. Wardrobe. I guess. Wardrobe. Interviewer: Okay what about something that had a mirror to it? 330: That was a that's just like a mine in the in the in the room here now that's a dresser. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Dresser. Interviewer: Okay and um what general name would you have for uh tables and chairs and sofa and beds so forth you'd call that 330: Well uh {NS} you'd have {NS} dining room set for your kitchen and and uh I mean dining room uh course we have one in our dining room and then we have one in the kitchen too table dining room chairs and we used to eat in the kitchen but we we had extra company we'll eat in the dining room just in here we have here for that too in the in the china ca- cabinet but the kitchen I mean dining room and then the kitchen you have we got uh shelves made you know used to used to be kitchen cabinets. Old time my mother all we had was a kitchen cabinet. She stored her dishes and stuff in it. But now you know there are we got cabinets built around the wall in the kitchen all around and they pull open you know put this and that in it you know Interviewer: Did you ever have a little room built off the kitchen? To put canned goods in and dishes in? 330: No I never have had a we never have had to here now like I said up home they had a they had a great big old thing in the back in the kitchen Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh she kept all her cooking stuff and Interviewer: What'd you call that? 330: I I can't I think she called it a cupboard. I believe that's what she called it. It was a cupboard. Cupboard. Interviewer: Was it a little room or just a 330: Great big old piece of furniture set back Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: had to fit in the corner. Just fit fit tight kinda in the corner latched it like it was a just kinda {X} well it would really bring some money one of those old things it would now you know you'd have to clean it up you know take it out it'd really bring. And my mother had uh uh her daddy give her a clock uh they were there it had two girls and a boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And those clocks you might be interested in, I never did see nothing like it before. But you wind 'em up with a big weight. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: Just wind 'em up with a big weight go up there and top is locked and it runs twenty to twenty-four hours {D: with get down} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Then you wind him up again. And he had a watch his watch he fought in the war with he give it to his son my uncle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And it had a key. Only watch I ever saw in my life had a key to it to wind up. To wind that watch up with. {D: I thought that was something sure enough} Interviewer: What war was he were you referring to? 330: th- th- that was when they fighting the Northerners to free the slaves he was fighting. Interviewer: That's really way back there. 330: That's that's right. Yeah. Now that that great big watch he kept perfect time Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And I'll never forget it, he told me he told 'em all over time he wanted to boy to have a watch and his girls to have a clock each one have a clock and that's where he got 'em. {X} my my mother died not too old {D: and then my step} {D: father married another} woman she tore that clock up and {D: sell knew I had it} {D: come out} wanting to buy it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: After {C: tape overlaid} but she she made her medicine we kept it out of it she said she wanted it she took all the works out of it Interviewer: Mm. 330: made a medicine medicine cabinet out of it. I took we had that old watch now {D: they're like bells} I got that old bell last me I never have put it up I don't know what you'd call it. I bought it but I never have put that I I think they give a hundred dollar picture big old bell red big old line bell you put 'em up on a post have a wire to it you {X} my mother would come out catch that wire pull it {X} great big kno- uh thing inside of it you know swing down hits each side when it comes up Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Ding dong dingling at you and the mules go to braying they know their dinner time when they that bell was ringing you know {D: you couldn't they'd run to the end} {X} our mules would. That may sound funny to you but uh that's uh that's the sure truth. They just you couldn't hold 'em in the field when the bell rang. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They'd know it was dinner time was quitting. {X} thing I ever seen in my life. Interviewer: Well they didn't get fed now did they? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: You fed the mules? 330: Yeah took them put 'em in the barn {X} give 'em let 'em you know return to {X} take 'em put 'em in the barn and give 'em corn. Interviewer: What um say this is something that you might have hanging in the window to keep the the sun out something you can pull down. 330: Window shade? Interviewer: Okay that's just one solid piece of 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Window shade. Interviewer: Okay um and what would you call a lot of old worthless things that you're about to throw out? 330: Throw out of what place Interviewer: Oh just just say something just old worthless furniture it's no just no good anymore you just say that it's nothing but a piece of 330: Junk? Interviewer: Okay. And what would you call a room where you use to store just odds and ends you know things that you didn't need particularly. 330: Uh I well that's like I said that's what way we did up by my dad we called it attic ours was I guess you could say down in the basement Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Cuz we got everything our fruit {X} have all kinds of ice flavors stuff anything we don't freeze you know first time we put all our fruit pumpkins taters sweets {X} and kraut everything in the world down in the basement. But the attic and then there we done my mother there we had good basement up there and we kept that stuff down in that down in the ground, basement up there and you could keep it in here I keep stuff you don't want down there in the basement. {X} {D: spring here come and go sprouting} good time to come up be planning to come up but it it'd keep just as good as {X} {X} and my mother used to my step mother and mother both used to keep in that basement now {X} had step going down in it we just dig our taters and put 'em down there have 'em all year. Interviewer: Mm. How'd you get from the it had what going down in it? 330: Steps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Had had steps. Concrete steps going down into the basement. Interviewer: Would you use that same word steps to talk about going from the first story to the second story? 330: Upstairs? Interviewer: Yeah. Would you use the word steps? 330: I guess so we {C: tape overlaid} {NS} {NS} {D: let's see somebody's there uh} yeah uh {D: stairway} now let me see how how did you ask that now? About the steps? Going going where? Interviewer: Ups- to the second floor. 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah stair stairway steps. That's what we called those. Interviewer: What about outside say for the porch? To the 330: House like we had up there? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well {NS} here's what this we had a a big porch and concrete steps coming up on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh my father stayed out there on it our front porch he stayed that's where he sat {D: sat on down to read the paper come in} he get the paper sat there rest the day and read. He done got old you know, he didn't have to do nothing and he he sat out on that paper and my mother went {NS} down the {X} course I don't know whether you're interested {X} uh {D: well} {D: had some} nephews and {D: live in hands they would} work with me all the time {D: you and me} {D: Sam who did all the work} my nephews were going to school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh my brother died {X} and uh they they we moved them around the house with 'em and they was living with me. My sister in law and my nephews little boys. And one of 'em they bought a car they got I got to letting him raise a little tobacco too and uh so they bought him a car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And this hand well they had a lot of fun out and they thought a lot of it. And them boys would pick at him, they lived close together. Two houses were close together. One where my sister in law lived, and this hand. And uh {C: tape overlaid} just one of those boys asked him says {C: tape overlaid} can you drive a car, Dick? {D: cuz we called him Dick} {D: think it was Richard} he said sure yeah. Sure yeah I can drive one. So this nephew of mine started up and told him to {D: take off} my daddy set up on that porch we had a picture of it for years I don't know where that {D: some of it} {D: mighta been here oh what} but he he {D: cocked the seat up over one of those big holes} and sit there and drive back in the rocking chair you know and read {D: and that's where he sat} right close to that concrete step now great big step coming up into the the middle of the porch {D: and this} {D: car} {D: flew} and and it run up over the second or third step {D: about the guys} {D: he fell about out of the chair and he} {D: all the laughing} you ain't never heard laughing {D: and this boy} pull his hands loose from the wheel he just {D: froze} {D: was locked tight} {X} And he scared 'em to death {X} scared him so bad like to die Interviewer: {NW} Okay um did you have a porch on the second floor? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Did you have a porch on the second floor? 330: No I bet I come out up there on the on the second up on the top of that porch Aux: Some of 'em did though. 330: Huh? Yeah no we didn't have one is what I'm saying. But I come out on the top of that porch many a time. Got out on it. Done stuff. It just it just come right up to them windows up there. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Then like I told you they had a attic {D: there's one on up} another story but we'd all we'd use was put the junk stuff in it up there we never did go up in there did nothing but put junk in it. I'm going out on that porch lot of time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Do stuff every {D: almost class} you know, I'd get out there Interviewer: Were there different names for different types of porches? Like a porch on the second floor or little porch off the back door, or 330: Yeah back porches and front porches There's {X} any about I guess would be a that little porch would be called something different if you had one you know come out that second story I don't know what it'd how they'd ba- well it'd be a balcony porch I guess wouldn't it. Balcony Aux: I never heard of 330: Huh? Aux: {NW} 330: {X} It had to be if you called it a {D: porch it'd have to be from a} it'd come out from up top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess it would be a balcony. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay talking about daily house work you'd say that a woman does what every morning? To her house? She has to 330: First thing she has to cook the breakfast meal. And uh wash the dishes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And she cleans cleans up the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And and my wife {D: has me milk} Aux: Everybody don't have to do that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh then she {D: has her weave and has her hands} and then she usually go to making preparation about cooking for those hands get on up and for dinner time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: we usually have two or three hands every day we feed workers for us on the farm. {X} Highest ten twelve at a time but most time just two or three something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: {D: I had six yesterday} Interviewer: What about um years ago on Monday what kinda work did women do? 330: {D: washed} I'd say that about the real thing after they got through Aux: Was breakfast 330: Breakfast. {D: say were all washed} {D: only thing I ever knew of} Interviewer: What about Tuesday? 330: Well Aux: I had those clothes washed the day before. 330: They would they would get 'em done they would do the ironing I guess you'd say . Interviewer: Would you have a word for um doing this washing and ironing together is there another word for that? Aux: Not that you know of. Interviewer: {NW} 330: Well I guess {X} uh-huh Interviewer: Okay um and the thing 330: I guess ironing Interviewer: The thing that you sweep with, what do you call that? 330: Broom? Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose the broom were in the corner and the door were open so that the door were sort of hiding the broom you'd say that the broom was 330: And and and behind the door? Interviewer: Okay. And um if the door was open and you didn't want it that way, you'd ask someone to 330: To move it. Interviewer: Okay if the if the door is open Aux: Close the door. Interviewer: and 330: Oh you meant you mean the door was open I didn't want it like that tell 'em to close it. Interviewer: Okay or another word you might use is Aux: Shut it. 330: Shut. Shut the door. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you call the boards that lap over each other on the outside of the house like this 330: Shingles? Interviewer: Okay but on the outside. I mean on the 330: Siding? Aux: No no on wood. {D: summer} what do you call that? Like you put on a barn. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Aux: {D: you don't have anything to do with that} You don't call it siding, you call it um 330: Boxes? Interviewer: You ever what's the 330: #1 Weatherboard? # Aux: #2 Weatherboard. # Weatherboard. {X} 330: {D: weatherboard, shingle house down here we} shingles and the weatherboard lot of 'em is weatherboard Aux: Weatherboard is what she's trying to do though #1 She said {X} # 330: #2 Weatherboard is what # Interviewer: Yeah is that different from siding? 330: Mm-hmm. Aux: Lay down 330: Weatherboard {X} {X} most uh was out of poplar. And uh back way back {X} Aux: It was in siding it's made some some of it out of aluminum and some out of that uh uh those asbestos shingles 330: Well uh the that Aux: But the 330: weatherboard was Aux: siding made out of aluminum you see. 330: No, weatherboard. Aux: Oh well it's long 330: Siding Aux: I know, just like 330: {D: shed you with like mine did} {X} shingled. And they have two or three different kinds of stuff. {X} shingles where the shingles are Then I don't know it brick some people like brick and I want to {X} I want shingles on a building. I still ain't {D: decided by the way} I could I'll uh I'll come out {X} {D: basement where we could lay brick} {D: if we ever wanted to break the earth} blocks you know, where you just {X} Did I get did I get you right the weatherboard and what you're really interested in? Interviewer: Yeah I think you answered that. Um what do you 330: Saw it you saw it into thin one edge the other you just lay up in you drop back an inch Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And you tack it. Aux: {X} 330: Laps in that's what you you just run then you paint it they paint it you know. {NS} Interviewer: Okay what what do you um call the top part of the house you call that the 330: Roof. Interviewer: Okay. And what about the um things on the edge of the roof that carry the water off? 330: Gutters? Interviewer: Okay. Is that built on, or built into it, or 330: No, you just uh it's uh got a little things that goes back up under there and and attach it on those shingles Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: holds it at that gutters. And they run the water off of it used to years ago there wasn't any didn't see no gutters on the especially in the country you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: But now everybody every home is I reckon built with gutters on it. Put gutters I know that my daddy's home didn't have no gutters on it. Aux: Just poured all the way around. 330: Come on off {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay what if you have a house in an L um what do you call the place where the two come together 330: Uh L Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Um valley is it a valley? I've heard it before {D: fixing a valley in a roof} {C: tape overlaid} 330: Well it's you talking about the roof joining coming {D: build two different} sections of it and and Interviewer: No on the roof 330: On the roof? Oh well that would be a Aux: I thought they called it a valley. 330: Well you do have a valley for a you know your your put a drain Aux: {X} 330: {D: drain can have} put that in and they tuck your shingles in {D: and run it off} I don't think you call that a valley. Interviewer: Okay um 330: Course I hope {X} and we'd put that metal up that up this call that gutter like up there then and then they were shingles come out on it you know and then the water runs through down that {X} gutter. I guess it'd be a valley. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay um what did you call outdoor toilets? 330: {D: capital I do} Interviewer: What's that? 330: Capital. Aux: Privy 330: Privies. Capital I always call it a capital. Privy When I went to school down here the girls had one we we never did have one down there. {X} {X} Aux: thing you said Interviewer: Yeah I got it. You never had a Aux: {X} 330: We went to the bushes. Back there in the bushes {X} my teacher {X} Why I don't see why they had one Aux: She didn't ask you all that, she just a- asked you what she asked you {NW} 330: The girls had one. Down there but the boys we didn't have one we had go back there in the bushes. Aux: {D: when I went to school with my mama was like a} 330: {X} Aux: Eight years is not much different. 330: We ca- most days we called 'em capitals, I {D: privies} Interviewer: Any joking words? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Any joking words? Aux: Yeah what {NW} 330: Well I I don't know of nothing {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {D: they were home} back then most of 'em I guess there were they had some kind of one of 'em some kind of another you know for the home. Most people called it privies I don't know {D: in their homes} Interviewer: Okay what would you call the building where you store corn? 330: Crib. Interviewer: Okay what about a building or a part of a building where you'd store grain? 330: Well there there's bins they got the bins store grain in uh you could store it in the crib. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You know. But they got a regular metal bin now that people can buy store the beans or wheat or something other blow it in there keeps it the wheat I never got too many cribs down at the barn I'd st- used to put corn in 'em and I still buy feed put in 'em. Interviewer: Did you always have bins? Was there another 330: They got three bins, yeah I got a green {D: right yonder in back} {D: folks used to live here} {D: grew a} enormous amount of wheat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And the {X} cribs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Where they could store I'd say you could store several thousand bushels. Interviewer: Was this granary? 330: I got a granary right here, yeah. Interviewer: What's that? like 330: It's got a great big it's just a building small building and it's got two {X} I called 'em bins {D: got a partition between 'em} and uh they'll hold I'd say they'd hold oh five hundred bushels each one of 'em would side {C: tape overlaid} and then you got things down in it {D: the basement this one had a basement} and the one time was a was a man and his wife lived in there had a baby lived in there down at the the bottom of it {D: had a pipe} they run out the window cut the metal put it in there and they cooked and lived in that granary. Down in the bottom of it. {X} ever I seen. I used to play ball with 'em. {X} {X} And those those fine things those things they had it down there where you just hook your sack up and just fill up the sack push thing back {D: back there} close it up and just take it out and tie it then hook it up again {D: right atop another} Interviewer: How how would they load it? From the side or the top 330: {D: had a door} and load it down at the bottom just pull up outside the door and just pitch 'em on the truck or wagon course it's all wagon then wasn't a thing as a truck. Interviewer: Where would you store hay? 330: In the loft. Barn back mine in back years ago we all called 'em lofts nowadays they building 'em now {D: kinda expenses} they just they just put up shelves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and stack a hay store it on the ground over here then there'd be a little rack over here for the cow feed the cows {D: each side of it} side over here that's way they build most of the barns now. See and they don't cost too much that loft costs a lot, just like building a two story house you know, it adds a lot of extra money expense to it. Interviewer: What do they call these things that they build now? 330: Uh they just call 'em I uh cow cow sheds, the cow barn, I don't {X} Interviewer: That they keep hay in? 330: Mm-hmm just {D: start on ground I got} {NS} sister-in-law up there we go {X} {D: we've ever been} we just start back up there and start unloading 'em on the ground and just just kinda go up there and {X} top of the shed now they don't build 'em too high you know {D: go up on the shed} And then and then he uh winter come, they got racks built inside and he lift throw that hay over there in the racks cows go in there and eat. Interviewer: What about if you had too much hay to put in the barn? 330: Stack it outside. Interviewer: You'd call that a haystack? 330: Mm-hmm. Stacking it Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of a hayrick? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Well {D: they} uh back years ago we hold hay loose Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh well there to tell the truth about it there wasn't a heap of people just didn't have a barn or {X} {D: lots of folks didn't have room to take care of one} {D: six to eight loads of hay} in their little barns and uh they would stack it outside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: a rick it one} some of 'em called it Ricking would be making a big one, a stack we we'd dig a hole, I've done it a million times Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh dig a hole in the ground and uh cut a pole about oh twelve foot deep or tall I'd say maybe fifteen and dig a hole and put it down in there about two feet and then we'd uh {NS} just take this hay and {D: come up out of the wagon} {D: throw it off and I'd} sit on the ground just place it round the corners all around me keep working around that pole and keep it tight round the pole so we'd keep {X} and they spring that hay would be just as sound as it would if it had been in the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It'd just turn, we'd have it like {D: just turned right off} {X} Interviewer: This was a stack 330: A stack well we'd just we'd just make a big block same way and come up on it like that on top and it it would drain off each way corner just like a house does. Interviewer: Wait which is the the stack you'd have the pole in the middle. 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about the rick? 330: Well I've said we we'd make a a {D: real long} real long uh uh a stack of hay just like across this room here and we'd stack it just keep going up the {D: going about where we're going to make it shorter} {D: to drain it} and then we'd go to bring it in grab a bring 'em in {X} and up top we'd we'd run up a sharp point like and that run water off. Interviewer: So it's not going around a circle? 330: It'd just just run off like coming off a house now. Interviewer: You said the shoulder? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Shoulder the is that the point? 330: That's where we'd start and make it going to a point like. The shoulder we'd put say we'd put ten loads with hay in it main part of it and then we'd say well that's going to be about we ain't got so many more loads, we'll just cap off with them fix it then we start a shingling back, bringing 'em up coming on up then let it be right sharp like up in the top and that's what it really {D: threw it away but now you can keep it} {NS} I kept hay the other way but it wasn't as good as good a way as the other way was with a pole. Interviewer: So you didn't have a pole at all? 330: Hmm? No not that rick. Interviewer: You didn't have anything. 330: Didn't have anything at all. Just a I made I have a a post up Aux: Some people did though 330: You could throw you could throw some brakes down if you wanted to but they Aux: Yeah but I've seen I've passed places where you have that pole {D: you can see part of it} 330: What? Aux: A pole. {X} 330: {X} stack but this other rick is a different {X} a big rick Aux: Well I thought that's what she was talking about. 330: We talked about it. I told her stack we had a pole, dug a hole and put down in the stack Mr John why old man learned me how to do that when I was just a kid. Aux: They didn't bale hay like then 330: It was all loose, kinda loose in the barn but many barns my father had big barn tops whole world of hay but uh many folks lot most people didn't have barn with a hold more than we had a man lived there next to my neighbor my daddy he had hay I best say out that twenty years in them stacks. He wouldn't ever sell one. He'd trade it neat He'd just keep putting 'em up new ones {X} Interviewer: What um you know when you first cut the hay and you let it dry and everything um what do you call the little piles of hay that you rake up you know and then take a pitchfork 330: Well shock 'em, we called 'em shocks we used to shock it when you're hauling it loose and now we wind windrow it for the baler you see. {D: have a side rake} runs out there now and just turned like that just picks it up rows it over and then the baler comes along and bales it. They crimp 'em now, my boy crimp 'em now he crimp and you can the sun is shining you can bale it in twenty-four hours. After you crimp mash the juice out of it it just dries up right now used to it'd take three three days at least maybe four days before you could bale it you just cut it down with all the juice in it you know leave it there to dry. Interviewer: What where did you keep horses? 330: Horses? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Stables. Interviewer: What about hogs? 330: I well I got a shed I kept my {X} all the hogs I have is just uh killing purpose I buy me some {X} pigs and pigs keep 'em I've got a little house just sleep on 'em and I just let 'em run out there in the lot and they come up and I feed 'em. Interviewer: What what lot goes around the barn or 330: Mm-hmm. Round folks's barn have a little barn lot for the hogs Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call a place where people have um milk and butter that they a farm where they just have this milk and butter and sell it you know 330: Creamery? Interviewer: Okay but a big place now. 330: Huh? Interviewer: You call that what kinda farm? 330: Um well uh wholesale house I guess or uh like uh pure milk company and {X} selled it you talking about selling big quantity of it? Interviewer: Yeah. Where they have a lot of cows that they milk 330: Oh a dairy? Big big big well they call that a let's see honey what would you call a big dairy uh you know Interviewer: Well that okay that's what I'm getting is that word dairy. 330: Hmm? Interviewer: That word dairy? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: What what does that mean exactly? Do you ever use that word for talking about anything else besides a kinda farm? 330: No I don't not as I know of. {D: I know it could've been used now} It's uh {NS} big milk companies we got a bunch of milk companies now that's all changed like it did it's not like it used to be {D: they'll buy} now they got uh producers uh tell you they'll call these companies you send it off just just like I {D: fool sensational} and uh milk producer and they'll call pure milk companies they'll call judges farm or they call Annie the call this whatever the whole bunch of different milk companies now ask 'em how much milk they want. {D: well seven ton you see} producer {X} where you take your milk to and at that producer's and they sell it for you at these companies where I we used to load it up on the trucks and it went to we sold to a few milk companies. {X} and unload it. But now get it to producers and uh they'll call a few companies and ask 'em how much you want and they {D: care come} {D: same time} and they charge a percent out of it {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay what what would you call a place where you left the the animals go out to graze 330: Pasture? Interviewer: Okay um and let's see did you did you ever raise any cotton? 330: draw a better picture of that house pictures of {X} I will give it to you next time Interviewer: Okay. 330: I know I can be {X} or give you a better picture of it and anything that you want to start with? Interviewer: Okay now tell me about kinds of well first of all you say that say if you were growing um okay you know if you were raising cotton do you know what work you'd do with that you'd go out and 330: In the cotton field? Interviewer: Yeah. You know what you'd call that work that you'd do? 330: Well they uh they cultivate it chop it used to now the old people my see my mother grand grandmother they'd raise it here back then then they the olden days but I never seen any raised. Well one fellow did raise some {X} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} go to school. That's the only cotton that's ever been raised in this country that I know {C: tape overlaid} yeah they they they chopped it and uh {D: dried it} cultivated it and then {C: tape overlaid} I think they nowadays they {D: pardon the ground} instead of you know killing weeds and stuff like that now. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And for don't have to maybe they they they mashed it they chopped it but you can make corn crop nowadays uh world of people are making the majority of it {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {D: took this weed pardon} {C: tape overlaid} and the chemical in the ground and just plant it and they {C: tape overlaid} {D: decent} thing I ever seen in my life I can't go I I've raised {X} two three times {X} Interviewer: What do you call those {X} 330: {X} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Cut little with a plow you'd cut little trenches and then cut 330: Uh furrows? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Furrows. {C: tape overlaid} Make furrows Interviewer: And you'd say say if you grew a lot of corn you'd say that the corn grew up in a corn what 330: Field. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Corn field. Interviewer: What about something smaller than a field 330: {X} A a garden {X} {D: it would be a patch of} {D: corn patch} Interviewer: {X} 330: Yeah I have I just run out there and make {X} {X} And we'll eat roast yams put 'em up, freeze 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And all like that. Pumpkin I planted pumpkin beans and I planted peas {D: peapod plant I'm gonna plant another row in the patch} {C: tape overlaid} about about a week from now so corn won't come in {X} first of July then I'll plant another. Then maybe I'll even another then on later up on in {X} we'll get in. People like to freeze it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you call that pea patch then or 330: Uh pea patch I have a pea patch I {X} {D: just a day one} planted I have half a bushel {C: tape overlaid} And then peas would come in, pick 'em eat 'em they stand dry weather much better than the bean does. {D: we have four of 'em} course have a heap of {X} {D: feed and uh} always pick my peas and shell 'em {C: tape overlaid} for my seed myself I don't have to buy 'em, I shell 'em. In the winter time you can have 'em ready. {C: tape overlaid} {D: I lay off the rows} {D: wife} could plant 'em plant 'em but they don't get 'em all as thick as I like 'em {D: she makes and just} throws 'em up and down the row then I cover 'em up. With the plow. {X} Interviewer: What um {C: tape overlaid} 330: What kind of peas I plant? Interviewer: Yeah or beans, what kind are there? 330: Well there's we get uh {D: whole bean there's a} corn field bean we put it in a corn and course we plant {D: a bunch bean} we we plant uh {D: top crop} {X} uh Kentucky wonders {X} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {D: sixteen running bean, corn field bean} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {X} Interviewer: Is there just a general name for all of these beans that you eat with a {X} 330: Well the uh corn field beans and then the the bunch bean is different a bunch bean we plant in row head you don't have no corn in there with it and they get about that high. I'm {D: I got some in bloom now} I maybe have little beans on 'em. {C: tape overlaid} And uh they uh {C: tape overlaid} we usually plant {D: bunch beans top crop bunch beans} What's that new one I got planted? Huh? Wife: Cumberland. 330: {D: Cumberland?} Aux: {X} 330: {X} {NS} Interviewer: What what other things do you plant in your garden? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What other things 330: Oh we plant uh {NS} we plant all kinds of stuff, cucumbers squash okra {X} lima beans that's butter bean, we call it they're called lima but we always call 'em butter bean {C: tape overlaid} potatoes English peas {C: tape overlaid} onions carrots {D: beets} {D: I think} I see one of 'em here this time, I don't know {D: I got my seeds but I don't got 'em planted I hope to} plant a few watermelon {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What kinds of watermelon? What kinds of watermelon? 330: What kind of watermelon? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh I {D: been down to stone mountain} but I didn't get I got one of those {X} I don't know what they call 'em Interviewer: {D: was the stump still out} 330: It was a great big round one. Green looking. I got the green looking {C: tape overlaid} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Oh it's okay. 330: What kind of watermelon seeds we plant? I don't know what {X} {NS} they didn't have 'em coming on the market {NS} that's a good one. I believe it's the other one I don't I I hadn't planted any watermelon in years I just stuck to I li- I really like 'em enjoy 'em. Get 'em good and cold and make little {X} fertilizer put fertilizer down the {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {D: four feet or five} Interviewer: What exactly is a hill? 330: Just a make a dig a dig your dirt up all around {C: tape overlaid} put some manure or fertilizer then in the center put some {X} then plant your seed on top of that. {X} Interviewer: How many seeds? 330: About four five. Interviewer: And all these come up? 330: Hope they do. Come up. That's kinda like a squash cucumber we plant them pretty much the same way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Have you've ever eaten any squash? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They have a little you plant those a little yellow crooked {X} thing {C: tape overlaid} and cucumber long green hope they're long as long as they {X} Interviewer: What other kinds of melons are there besides watermelon? {C: tape overlaid} 330: Well there there {NW} there's uh cantaloupes and {X} different Interviewer: Cantaloupes and what? 330: And {D: cues} {NS} they are different from watermelons {C: tape overlaid} cantaloupe is you ever eaten mushmelon? Yellow yellow Interviewer: Yellow on the inside? 330: Sweet and mm-hmm. About that large around and {D: and the cue is a} {D: great long one} got a crooked handle on they get a lot bigger. Interviewer: Does a cue have yellow meat? 330: {X} Interviewer: And what about a cantaloupe? 330: Same thing only it's just a small one we call them cantaloupes Interviewer: It's the same as a mushmelon? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah the some of 'em are sweet different than others I haven't {X} in years but they they're mighty good to have I think. It uh you know if you keep bugs you got you have to {X} bugs will get in 'em come up out of the ground and go in 'em and run course if you don't watch after 'em keep 'em seen to course {C: tape overlaid} {X} on the ground some years worse than others. And {X} nowadays course we have to keep everything sprayed really sprayed we don't {X} {X} a cabbage {X} and I believe we had a {X} down in the roots I ain't pull one up the other day {C: tape overlaid} but there some of 'em was dying with nothing I thought maybe {C: tape overlaid} they had a {X} I can get them bugs in there but {D: spraying} buds in the top of 'em but that root I don't know how you'd get something off there. {X} I pulled him up and the of course it done rained you know pulled him out of the ground Interviewer: What about some okay potatoes what different kinds of potatoes are there? 330: We have uh Kennebecs {X} {D: early rose} And Bruce reds and uh {X} mashed potatoes Interviewer: These are all {D: Irish} potatoes? 330: {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} and uh {C: tape overlaid} {X} all I really know {X} hogs and uh when we buy now I quit raising 'em groundhogs eating mine up and I quit raising 'em {X} and uh and I can't think of the names of 'em Interviewer: #1 Do you- # 330: #2 They're # not Nancy hogs. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word yam? 330: Yam? Interviewer: What does that mean? 330: That's a that's a type of sweet potato. Interviewer: Is it a type of sweet potato or is it does it just mean sweet potato? 330: I I just mean the sweet potato I guess that's what it's called. You know people say well we had yams. I reckon that's all ever I knew of I don't know if there's any {NS} not any special variety or anything. Interviewer: Okay this is something that's little and and red and and grows in the ground. 330: Little and red and grows in the in the ground? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Down under the ground or do you have a top up out of the ground? Interviewer: Um the part that you eat is is the root. 330: That's a carrot I guess. Interviewer: Okay but what about something else, little red 330: {C: tape overlaid} Oh {C: tape overlaid} radishes? {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah. Yeah we've had a little {D: I had a lot of those} {X} {X} they're good come in real early. Interviewer: uh-huh. Radishes. Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid} and uh {X} course they grew in the ground I like to make pickles out of 'em and cut 'em up and eat 'em in the {X} {X} blood red looking you know real dark red you ever eat any of those? {X} I think so. Um what about something that grows up on a plant that you'd stick a leafy bush 330: Tomato? Interviewer: Okay. {X} What about those things that are only about this big? 330: Uh little yellow {D: mean?} Interviewer: No I'm thinking it never gets any bigger than about this 330: I've seen little bitty yellow ones I don't know what you call 'em though. Oh I don't know {X} Interviewer: Yellow is that the color 330: Color mm-hmm {X} {D: we well we} red you know just blood red Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh we plant {X} I don't know button little itty bitty tomatoes I don't know what they some special name they have or not I never had any. But I've seen 'em just as you said no wider than your finger} Interviewer: You ever heard cherry tomatoes or {X} 330: Cherry Interviewer: Cherry tomatoes? {X} {D: salad tomatoes} 330: I never have heard the name. {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} called anything like that. Interviewer: Okay this is something that that'll make your eyes water. 330: That's onions I guess, isn't it? Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} They sure will. {C: laughing} You cut a piece and the juice on that {X} but I like 'em. Especially on the hamburgers. Interviewer: uh-huh 330: You know a hamburger's not complete I don't think unless you have special pickles dill pickle and {X} {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {C: tape overlaid} you know we had hamburgers course lot of other things too {D: had a great big slice of} {D: fried onion} yeah already eat some on the hamburger I think that it'd take that to make 'em complete. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You know they my my wife won't eat it say it kills her she can't stand 'em. But I like 'em even green. Like you know pull 'em out of the {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What do you call them? 330: The ones that {X} {D: just grow 'em} Interviewer: You call those green onions? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah. They pull 'em out {D: fellow over here} raises great big fields of 'em. And he pulls 'em up I imagine course about half a dozen in a bunch of 'em is that about and sells 'em for ten or fifteen cents a bunch. Something like that he make a living make a good living too {X} course he raise tomato okra cucumber beans everything. He don't just raise but onion there's one this big big producing things tomatoes {C: tape overlaid} and raise I guess squash he I've been working these onions for quite a while Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've heard him say. {C: tape overlaid} Course I I plant potatoes I plant two patches I have potatoes. I {X} {X} {C: tape overlaid} we eat {X} get big enough to eat we start eating peas give out but uh I usually do have beans in my {D: sandwich} about the time that peas give out {X} frost killed freeze killed my first one {D: climb up} that made us {X} on the beans but usually we'll have some by ten days I guess. Interviewer: You mentioned you just said the word frost and then you changed it said freeze is a frost different from a freeze? 330: Uh it uh well uh see if {X} frost is white looks like snow Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And it'll kill {X} stem and stuff and just kill it down to the ground now freeze {X} {X} it makes ice freezes ice like {X} {X} and it got down this year to twenty-four degrees and {X} I had a lot of little corn too, and it killed that Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Had to plant it over. And I've got corn now about knee high in my garden {C: tape overlaid} beans running on it whole beans I think {C: tape overlaid} we'll have all kinds of beans if nothing does happen {X} Oh I'd say less than a month we'll have all kinds of beans and won't be much more than that already got a little of that early corn planted and it won't I say six weeks well it should have some more ears {X} {NS} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What about this is a a large leafy vegetable it comes in heads 330: Leafy one Interviewer: Leafy. 330: Huh? Interviewer: I'm thinking of lettuce or cabbage 330: Yeah lettuce. Well we grow we we grow lettuce it is no they they transplant this lettuce now I grow {X} {X} I really like it. And course you can buy it you can't comes from California they transplant it set it out like {X} makes you know nice size heads, I know you eat 'em {X} seen 'em in your lettuce head. {X} cabbage heads you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} I think they're seventy-five eighty cents a piece. {X} Interviewer: Really? 330: Yeah. People just quit buying last ones I noticed in the paper was sixty-eight or sixty-nine. {X} {D: people have to wait for something else to happen} I think it's just just particular time {C: tape overlaid} {D: we're getting the market} and they're more scarcer and they they just put 'em up {C: tape overlaid} and I don't know. I never heard of 'em being that high in my life usual around a quarter. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Maybe twenty-nine cents. Something that's about what we used around round a quarter. Twenty-nine cents we get for 'em if we buy {D: we usually used to keep it all the time} {D: but that's we} {D: I eat this} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {D: grows under Canada} I've set it out {D: here} in the garden} Interviewer: It grows under the what? 330: Canvas. Canvas put a canvas over the plant bed and just plant 'em under and it makes it tender. I have a mustard bed out there {D: I sold} {D: I plant it} and then uh {X} it up and sowed the mustard fertilizer sewed it and put the canvas over makes it tender. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And we still make it {C: tape overlaid} we been having it now {D: I think} two or three weeks. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} very good, not as quite as tender as {X} And cabbages {D: they're big enough potatoes both} {D: put it quick} {D: we have potatoes} cabbages to eat. {C: tape overlaid} You- you did raise strawberries but {NW} set a bottom up set 'em out again and freeze killed 'em blanched 'em. {X} bought a few, I guess south of Columbia. Found some and bought {C: tape overlaid} there {X} two or four gallon different places {C: tape overlaid} they're mighty high. Well I I really like those strawberries. Do you like strawberries? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Really really you can get pick 'em so many different ways, you know. They're delicious I think. Course they ship 'em here from California {D: they had 'em shipped} {D: I wanted to grow 'em one day and I thought} the great big crate I asked the guy how much it was said it's almost two gallon. And it's {X} four dollars and eighty cents size of {X} I told him I said {X} no five dollars and eighty cents, that's what it was. And I saved three dollars a gallon. There wasn't a gallon wasn't two gallons of 'em {X} I believe that's a little too it. I bought a quart {X} {C: tape overlaid} But I did buy these three gallon {X} {D: Columbia} for coming down the highway and spied these women {D: picking 'em} {X} {X} {X} said no {D: people these shoots we don't pick 'em} we don't live here. There's a lady up here who {X} one of 'em turns up dead they live there together they have all honey they put up honey {C: tape overlaid} {X} {X} strain it out in that ground you ever see anything like {X} Interviewer: I never seen any. 330: They just like like we used to make molasses. You ever seen anybody make {X} molasses? Well {X} great uncle of mine come from {D: Alabama's one of the best} cookers I ever seen we'd plant sorghum my daddy would lot of it {C: tape overlaid} he'd make he'd make molasses. Cook 'em just like cooking and they always throw in a great big pan and the juice comes in off the out of the {X: gum} through a pipe on one end and just go on and goes on down the it cooks it goes down then gets on the far end it's usually ready {D: go} make sorghum sorghum they cooked in {X} kettle {C: tape overlaid} and then cook a kettle a day that night then they would string it up in buckets sell it. And we we used to get forty fifty cents a gallon for 'em when I was young. Now they cost you two and a half or three dollars. For a little bucket. A half gallon. See the label's got it {D: different} {X} {D: back then} my father would give people two gallon a day to help us working strip strip the leaves off the cane and cut it cut the heads off {C: tape overlaid} then we'd take a slide and load it up and slide it off and put it and stack it {X} then there's be somebody {D: sitting right there} {D: feeding it sticking right in the} two great big rows {X} rows just stick the sorghum in {X} {C: tape overlaid} and another barrel and {C: tape overlaid} and you had to pack 'em up there then run over there pan you just turn a faucet {C: tape overlaid} {D: go in on the pan} and you need Interviewer: Faucet from the 330: From the pipe. Coming out of the big barrel where you {X} pipe to you know up there {D: I've drowned 'em many many a day now great big old pulley {D: thing I mean now} hitch your mules to now I have seen 'em you know and I made the most of 'em and indeed do have 'em. What makes would be a steam power something. I imagine I don't know exactly what kind or would be some kind of a motor I presume to pull it but we used to pull 'em with mules Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh we'd uh they have a lead rein and a great long pole stuck out and we tie that lead rein to that pole {X} and it'd bring 'em around and around and around go round round round these two mules would pulling that thing. {X} But we {X} fellow he said he would make some {X} somebody wants some made but so much work and hard I imagine couple gallon last us a year and I usually buy some gallon or two honey and {X} gallon or two molasses. I we put up a lot of if we had 'em we're not gonna have any this year didn't have any last year {D: probably got a lot of} plums {X} And I like plum jelly plum pie things. {D: we put up a world of 'em} last year we didn't have any and this year {X} {X} scattered few but I believe they gonna be faulty I don't believe they same way of apples {C: tape overlaid} peaches we're not gonna have any fruit at all. Interviewer: Um you mentioned a bucket now is is a bucket different from a pail? 330: Well the just no I same thing a bucket is a little tin bucket that you use to have a little handle on it we call 'em syrup buckets then black or you'd buy 'em and get so much a hundred for 'em and had a little {X} I think nowadays last ones I've seen didn't even have a bail in 'em what I mean a little Y had a little {X} on the side to hook that {X} {X} now I think it would {D: making that} putting that handle on 'em I think you just have to tow 'em with a hand under the bucket. I believe. Last ones I've seen that way. {C: tape overlaid} {X} {D: they're pails} {NW} same thing. Interviewer: You say for syrup? 330: Mm-hmm. We called 'em syrup buckets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: You can buy syrup in 'em in buckets Interviewer: Is syrup different from molasses? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Which one's thicker? 330: Uh {NW} I guess if you cook it molasses is thicker thick {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And I've never seen never seen anybody making syrup {NS} they cook it I'm that's that's cane just like sugar cane of some {C: tape overlaid} variety I don't know what kind it is. I guess you cook that you don't they get far as I know they get sugar why sugar's made out of cane isn't it? I think it's ground out of cane I don't know. I never seen any growing don't know anything about it. Grows in that swamp? Wetland I think. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Um this is something that you you take the tops of turnips to cook them and make 'em 330: Salad? {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Salad? 330: {X} Greens few people called 'em just greens Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} Salad's what I always called 'em {X} salad. But greens they call 'em greens. And that's what they call mustard green the greens and they call {C: tape overlaid} uh {NW} {D: you ever} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: {X} we called it oh salad in a summer in the winter we'll grow great big turnips. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} And uh we eat those and they stay in the salad {X} turnips stayed all the winter. {C: tape overlaid} and the turnips freezes and the salad dies off, they die and freeze. But the winter turnip just a little you don't ju- just a little bit of color {X} and they're hard {X} have {C: tape overlaid} greens {D: on until} spring. You got turn him under, he'll stay there. {D: that's something different now} And mustard same way now I have a {X} {NW} I used to plant {X} uh great big patch of mustard and winter turnips and summer turnips and that mustard is delicious on up 'til the freeze comes {D: grew up there leaves use two hands} curly you know and just tender as it can be it's really delicious. {C: tape overlaid} but when the freeze when the freeze come it kills 'em just like that it can't take it. And the salad the summer salad {X} it's {D: stronger} mustard {D: it stays along but when a hard freeze comes, you get hit} {D: get hit} course it kills the {D: salad off} winter time but that winter time stays there in the ground then next spring early {C: tape overlaid} I figure that's about as good as greens we have is get 'em when they you know looks about that high and tender {X} spring yeah go down and cut mass Interviewer: {D: is it poke} 330: {C: tape overlaid} Yeah we put 'em I figured every year boy {X} we'd have it all the year do you like poke? Interviewer: I just tried it once and it didn't seem to have much taste. But it may not have been cooked right. 330: Did it have eggs cooked with it? Interviewer: I don't think so. 330: Yeah uh you have to cook eggs with it. Have a lot of use a lot of grease. I think it's pretty good. Some people cooks mix the poke and uh in this mustard together. Cook 'em together. {X} Just uh plain salad {C: tape overlaid} I I like the poke by themselves. {C: tape overlaid} I like it cooked more cooked eggs with it I think it's good. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And one of the times you can go up there and ground froze hard, opened up {D: a can of it} cook it I think it's really delicious. {C: tape overlaid} don't have anything green then {D: it was dead one time and used to} {D: fact} that poke's more natural than anything I think I ever eat at the time you know you put it up a stage it more like it was you know {X} now we she has put up turnip greens same way I don't think they taste near as good as the poke does. And we put up you know all kinds peas {X} {D: while later} {NW} {C: tape overlaid} and you come in {D: go get plant 'em} I go to picking 'em and shelling 'em and we go to putting 'em up. Freeze 'em. And we got two full freezers {C: tape overlaid} we put 'em {C: tape overlaid} seventy-five, a hundred {X} peas Interviewer: {X} 330: Yeah but we use a lot. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Use a lot of 'em. {C: tape overlaid} and course lot of folks eat peas dry but I never did get we have some on the New Year's Day they always say you have some money if you cook peas, you ever hear that? {X} I got the gray ones {C: tape overlaid} whippoorwill there's a we had I got about four four five different kind of peas planted. I got the whippoorwill {C: tape overlaid} and I have a little early uh peas called early peas comes in about ten days too early than the other {D: peas that we plant} and then I got the uh {X} they have two three two three different oh two I have two {X} a brown one and a white one. And then I got uh uh one they call uh {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} corn then run over top of this house I always plant 'em corn and I got a big brown one {D: I don't} Interviewer: Corn? 330: Red runs up that corn {D: just runs all over this} patch and down every which way. I hadn't planted that yet. I got to plant yet. {C: tape overlaid} Now they they are really you talking about them or one of 'em is a new one, we hadn't had that one yet and that pea get that long. Interviewer: Wow. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Is that about about a foot long? 330: Just about a foot long I'd say. And it's a great big pea. You you can shell 'em {X} it don't take much just a small amount to make- make a meal of those you know. And wife likes 'em I told her of course she gonna have to shell but about a dozen two but to make a meal Interviewer: When you're talking about lettuce you talk about um say three he- 330: {C: tape overlaid} heads of lettuce? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you would you use that word say if you're talking about someone having two boys or three girls. Would you ever talk about um you have five heads of children? 330: Have what? {NS} Interviewer: Say if you had say five children would you ever talk about five head of children? 330: Five head of children? Interviewer: Or does that sound just funny? 330: Well I never have I never have heard that spoken five head Interviewer: What about the word passel? 330: Passel? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if you have a lot of children would you talk about having a passel of children? 330: {C: tape overlaid} Yeah I've heard I've heard of I've heard that spoken. Mm-hmm. I've heard a lot of 'em lot some have you know I know I've known families have three or fourteen Interviewer: Really? 330: In a fa- yeah. And I've heard people say yeah sure did raise a passel of children. {X} Man woman did you know. {C: tape overlaid} But uh don't too many people nowadays now whites course coloreds still you know raise terrible lot of 'em but uh not too many white people raise over uh I'd say four. {C: tape overlaid} is about many as you usually hear. Once in a while course one of 'em has I have a neighbor up here lives right up the road here on the left the lady {X} there was twelve thirteen in her family I believe what she said. {C: tape overlaid} And my wife now there was eight raised there and her daddy'd been married twice. He uh married first wife and he had two and his wife died to give birth to the second one and but the first one still living old first child she had {C: tape overlaid} and uh he had nine for her mother. One of 'em died little. {C: tape overlaid} And he raised eight. So he raised nine, that's a right good sized family. {X} Then {X} her- her mother's family that's a right good sized family then for my people it wasn't there wasn't uh well my mother like I said just two girls and then a boy my mother now {C: tape overlaid} my father there was a had seven boys and three about three of 'em died in littles tiny children and four of 'em grew raised to get grown. {C: tape overlaid} and uh {NW} one of 'em {D: lived} next to my father my uncle, the one I was named after I didn't tell you yesterday. Don't know whether you want to know it or not but he when I had my play he started to a little store. {D: he had my play} down south {X} {C: tape overlaid} cuz down south {NW} and he met this girl, Aunt Jenny May who was {D: pretty young girl} {X} {X} summer {D: called} {X} or something high I don't know why but she might've had some people in Texas {NW} {X} down in Texas {D: Uncle John sells out} and followed her {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} and he was seeing her something yeah she told me and um {C: tape overlaid} {D: you want that name} {D: out there} {C: tape overlaid} Brother lived a whole life out there I had my brother I spoke to you about him he's dead and I have four had four boys nephews he went out there. Left {D: last I come} he had to quit school at the end of the eighth grade {C: tape overlaid} and lived with us and {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {C: tape overlaid} and they raised four boys. {C: tape overlaid} And my brother and he went in store business and opened up store of his own out there in Dallas and {X} worked for a man {C: tape overlaid} {X} {D: begging} {X} she finally got him to come back. {C: tape overlaid} Well now he hadn't been out here {X} my father been out there one time to see them. {C: tape overlaid} The only time he ever went we'd never {X} this fellow did raise here. {D: drummed} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {X} {X} rode all over the country he finally finally before he quit {NS} retired he flew an airplane but he {X} car and he drove and he come out in one of those boys Uncle John's boys {X} was driving. He'd had him driving. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they come my father's house and we'd never seen this {NW} first cousin of mine and he'd want to just {X} need to get out and get all the {X} quite a few others in this country {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} other three boys, my daddy and {D: two more brothers} {D: later again} and they had three or four five a piece {C: tape overlaid} So he said get out {C: tape overlaid} {D: you think that's my} father and I was named after his father. {X} he said, can you get 'em sorta {X} this Sunday afternoon? I'd like to see them and meet 'em all. But we didn't didn't have any phones then, that's when we {X} Nobody had no phones in the country. I got out in my car once or twice and {D: he said they would come back go ahead and} {C: tape overlaid} places and then they'd come back about lunchtime. And I tried to get 'em to come back and eat dinner with us my father but he said they then come home right after {D: just as quick as they could} {C: tape overlaid} {D: and they did} And I {X} he said {D: he never saw people come in} {X} they come in walking you know he said they he went back home told his father said Lord have mercy daddy says {X} out there come out of them bushes {X} {C: tape overlaid} said you said no {C: tape overlaid} whole road full of 'em walking and talking {D: laughing} Oh they have time in the world and {C: tape overlaid} Well he went back he got to talking and his daddy then decided later on he and Aunt Jenny May they want to come back here and see my {D: father} and the other two {X} my father was {D: still living he was the only one of them} he's still living {C: tape overlaid} all of us {C: tape overlaid} whole bunch of {D: men} you know {NW} and uh {C: tape overlaid} they did {C: tape overlaid} they got on the train and come {C: tape overlaid} and they stayed here about a month. Or maybe six weeks. {X} see all of us {C: tape overlaid} well it'd been forty years since he'd been back here. And everything had changed {D: and of course they had} cameras up here {D: buddy he was} borned and raised he wanted to see {X} {D: I carried him up there} then he wanted me to carry him around see his old men friend that he grew up went to school with school {X} church where my father went to church at my nephew preaches over there now. That's where the school house was. {C: tape overlaid} And he's {C: tape overlaid} boys I {X} see were just like girls grew up they grew up {D: up there} and they was great big men they was between six and seven foot some of 'em was seven foot tall. {D: and my} father was just {D: a little over} {X} {C: tape overlaid} I mean I've {D: Uncle John's a little older than the next Hatchet boy} {D: and when they were young} {NW} my daddy {X} my daddy was old, a little older and then my uncle was a little older than the next Hatchet boy {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} brush 'em up a little school come {D: find one day} {C: tape overlaid} {X} that's the oldest Hatchet {C: tape overlaid} tell me he tell we'd talk they'd talk over that when they come here and they hadn't seen one in forty year and I carried him over there {X} and they first one had to go {X} won't tell me about {X} my daddy {C: tape overlaid} old and I couldn't I just asked {X} so many times you know {NW} and Uncle John said Johnny {NW} I said I know I already told you after my daddy died he came back a second trip, he come back a second trip. {C: tape overlaid} yeah he told me all about it {C: tape overlaid} three years three years he stayed away {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {C: tape overlaid} they run they left popping them rough 'em up claimed they whipped 'em you know {D: just get on don't hurt 'em} they's great big giants, these Hatchet boys and finally one day Miss Miller say run {X} {C: tape overlaid} that's all I know. My best friend on ever gonna have to work a little so he just {X} up held it in one hand just whipped him like whipping a baby you know he could do it you know but he didn't want to and uh meantime they {X} {D: one of 'em} my daddy's brother little bitty fellow just started school {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} he thought he was killing daddy he'd run up to grab you and Miss Miller said he just come running like back like {C: tape overlaid} and slapped {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} and the other part of me learned got up {C: tape overlaid} {X} come on {X} I ain't big enough to fight yet I'll have to eat more biscuits before I get {X} {NS} {X} {X} {C: tape overlaid} but he died here that time he made that trip {D: get him} came back on the train {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} lived out there {X} {X} {D: I count 'em out there} I believe it's two days or three days after {D: got him} out there they called and and said that come see 'em if they want to see 'em took a bad off we went but {C: tape overlaid} they wouldn't let us in, the one of boys had flew here all of a sudden had flew here {X} They said the drug we could go to the door you know look in but they the others wouldn't go in there and he died that night. {C: tape overlaid} Then the next day they bunch of 'em {X} come in a car the other boys did {D: those three the oldest} {D: flew} The others got here and then that one of 'em rode back on the train with his body. And I thought maybe they'd feel kinda bad about him you know coming back thought he maybe mighta did something he woulda- woulda lived wouldn't have died that quick probably if he just stayed there at home. And they said no no no said that's all he'd talk about after you came back was wanting to make another trip to see us all again before he died. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And said he got to do what he wanted to {C: tape overlaid} {X} really happy about it then Aunt Jenny May she lived she come back and see us she lived 'til she ain't been dead about five years I guess she lived a lot longer than any of us boys. They rode with us we didn't go, I'd have loved to {X} ride before I was {X} {X} my nephews wanted {X} go and we tried to make it that day we {D: took} all night to go and drive and then come back I come to aw that's too much too much I'd just rather not go so we just wired and talked to her {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} and another thing I wanted to tell you about is uh I remember when the freight railroad was built over here Interviewer: Oh really? 330: {X} and the train come through that's what I was telling you about my daddy would load something in this carriage, I called it {X} would go to my grandmother's {X} {C: tape overlaid} It worked in a way {X} I thought well I said grandma ain't gonna never get the thing done she said yeah they're gonna finally get it done. And it won't be long before the train'll come through. She said I wish y'all could be up there so they had- they had heard when the train's coming through father carried us over there and it carried two buggy things two {X} drove I I think it goes I'm pretty sure we drew horses I have seen 'em drive mules but I think we drew horses two horses. And we got down on that {X} supposed to come through that morning about ten oh clock {X} {C: tape overlaid} and we {X} my brother {X} got down there at the fence stand right up close to the railroad track and then {X} and that's where a lot of the {C: tape overlaid} apple trees and pear trees peach trees there and cherry trees we'd stand right there and watching for it right we see that big thing coming {C: tape overlaid} and and the smoke you know puffing and smoke blowing out of it that was the awfulest sight I ever seen in my life. We just stood right there and just I reckon coulda heard us breathe, watch it and it got right even with us, that train would {D: about where it'd hit your car in front} {X} he caught a hold of that {X} {NS} Lord {X} running we flew we thought it'd kill us we run in the house and just fell down on the floor just scared to death. Scared us to death. And I know that guy laughed I said {D: nothing he said} {D: Talking about} {C: tape overlaid} y'all been shocked {C: tape overlaid} {D: I told him} {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} one time since then I was young only time I ever ridden one ridden a train in my life. They getting up {D: scurrying to Nashville} {D: come through Winston County Franklin} too a world of people anybody I believe it's three dollars {D: from there in} Alabama and bring it back and so I made mine I never rode I said aw shoot I'm gonna I'm going on that trip. So we a whole lot of us left I had a community one time got in my car I had a car now ever since I was a kid and rode down there {X} and got on that train had the biggest time I've ever had in my life. We rode Alabama I believe it was Muscle Shoals we just you've heard of Muscle Shoals I know but they just got it built that's what the {X} are for to shores you know down people out of Nashville anyone middle Tennessee could meet 'em you know Nashville or Franklin of course come right through Franklin {C: tape overlaid} I never will forget it we're sitting out there waiting for the looks like never was gonna come {D: when would} one come come up to the depot there in Franklin {C: tape overlaid} well you have to {X} {D: behind we'll load it} {C: tape overlaid} well sun's began to fall and I thought well they ain't gonna get to make the trip now and we got on I believe it was {X} {C: tape overlaid} five train load I believe it was I believe it was we got on in the fourth or fifth one before you could ever get on {C: tape overlaid} we crawled on down we taken to picked up some in Columbia, some on down Mount Pleasant, some on down further others going on down picked 'em up all the way down {C: tape overlaid} fifth one come on got to remain {D: if I believe} going on the fourth one whichever one I don't know but we mighta been on the fifth one we went down there {X} and then we give us time to eat a dinner. Well we {X} {X} I remember just as well as if it was yesterday {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} come around and that's what it was {C: tape overlaid} {X} our bunch that's my my community every one of us ordered fish {C: tape overlaid} she brought us these uh We really eat we's young growing you know and {D: we ordered bonefish} {C: tape overlaid} and it seemed like {X} fish to me {X} {X} and {X} come around again said anything else I could bring you said yeah I'd like to have some more fish {C: tape distorted) {X} 330: {D: saying} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I got out of walking around out there it'd be after dark on the hill and uh {NS} whole bunch of us would {X} she'd picked up a {X} you know we had to run like {X} catch that thing it done taken off course it you know they don't take off too fast especially {X} we run and grabbed it anyway jumped on it and I said Lord I coulda been left down in them bushes we were just plum foo- fools running around out there in them bushes like that but we didn't know {X} put in I didn't care {X} I don't know why we got out there run around we got in the {X} {D: I think it's three slots} course I just different times we have nowadays in summer time wasn't long too long till daylight. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay what on the ear of corn you know the the covering 330: Huh? Interviewer: Okay talking about corn the covering outside covering on the ear of corn what do you call that? 330: Shucks. Interviewer: Okay. And the top of the corn stalk 330: Tassel Interviewer: Okay and the stringy stuff that you pull off 330: That's that that's uh the silk? Interviewer: Okay. And um let's see this is something that it might grow up in in the woods after it's been raining or something. It's little umbrella shaped things 330: Grows up in the woods and it's umbrella shaped. Interviewer: Yeah it's little small things maybe it's white or something or um it's got a little stalk 330: Frogstool? Interviewer: Okay what's can you eat that? 330: Nuh-uh. No I've seen little stools grow up in woods Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: And look like a little umbrella over it still there but no it couldn't eat it. Interviewer: Is there anything similar to that that you can eat? Something like mu- mush- 330: Mushroom it there might I never did I've never seen any. Or eaten any. There might be something other that would grow in the woods, I've never made contact never had any. Now there's uh there's a thing that grows in the woods a ginseng. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That they make herbs out of sell it terrible high price. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It looks like a it's got the little forked leaves on it and I I don't know too much about it but I've heard a lot of 'em talk about it you know. And I've heard people that it's actually dug it up cuz the roots is what they want. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And the roots bring way up in the dollars a pound. Ginseng. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You ever heard anything like that? Interviewer: I've heard of it but I've never seen 330: Well now they grow it they grow it people grow it {X} I reckon that they they grow this marijuana, what do you call it. They say they're growing it in fields now through the country told me they course they {X} down there the other day {X} did {X} that's first time I ever seen any. Interviewer: Was that marijuana? 330: Yes it's uh it's dope you know I guess smoke it don't they? Interviewer: I guess. 330: I think they smoke it. But this {D: sheriff} raided fields and then deputy lives right there right then right above me here and he brought it some of it there and left it there for us all to look at it. It's just a great big plant thing I I don't know. I wouldn't know what it was {X} somebody had some on my face I wouldn't know what it was. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I never did see it. That's first time I'd ever seen the stuff. But he said that's what it was, I guess it was, I don't know. Interviewer: Okay this frogstool, is there another name for that? 330: Uh no I Interviewer: You ever heard of mushroom, or mushroom 330: Yeah I've heard of mushroom yeah. I've heard of it. Interviewer: What's how's that different from a frogstool? 330: I guess it's a it would be some kinda like a a turnip or a carrot or something or other I guess to make soup out of, don't they? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Don't they make mushroom soup? {NS} {NS} I I've never growed any but I've heard of it all my life. Interviewer: Do you know what it looks like? 330: I I think it looks more like a maybe a carrot, I let me ask my wife. Interviewer: Oh it's okay it doesn't matter. 330: It's just a thing that they make a soup out of, it's just {X} I know I've heard 'em talk about it. Interviewer: People don't grow it around here then? 330: I I've never grew any, no. {D: saw people do it} Interviewer: Okay um let's see talking about some fences um what it's a kind of fence that you might have around your yard or garden 330: Garden garden wire? Interviewer: I'm not not wire 330: Hmm? Interviewer: I'm thinking of something maybe just little boards that come up to a point maybe maybe they're 330: Little uh little boards you you mean just on a put on post uh uh {X} {D: right up there and then} little plank there well it would be you see there was a lot of folks has 'em around around a yard or {NS} garden something or other they trim 'em I and uh they they'll have squared posts {D: they'll saw 'em} and then they'll have a the plank course it'd be sawed sawmill just like it is a post and they nail that to the post then they have these little bitty I guess about a two one by three something like that. And then they trim the point 'em up Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And nail 'em on the and paint Interviewer: Do you know what they call those? 330: Uh uh uh la- a lattice I'd call it kind of a lattice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Like. Be what I'd call it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of picket or paling? 330: Paneling? Interviewer: Picket fence or paling fence or 330: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 something else? # 330: that there would be it might it might they might call that one of those we I was just talking about might call it a picket fence, I don't I don't know what it uh we used to we used to have rail fences back in my young days. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Whole thing was rails. When you brought that up I've never see I this other I've seen {X} coming up mine I put I had posts squared and uh and planks had dressed and then then put one on the side right there's your post cut one off and put one on top nail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You got three plank I mean two planks over there that's the way I fix mine. And my posts I got square posts all up and down the row both sides and I have 'em painted. But now this rail fence we used to have it just I could carry you down to first {X} tell you to go down there and there's still a lot of 'em down in there. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: Uh low in {X} {D: county.} They lay 'em across 'em just like this Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And another one comes on that one another comes on that till about six or seven rails high. And they have two little stakes one each at the e- where they where they uh end you know you cross 'em big down there and tie a wire. Twisted it hold 'em together. Interviewer: {X} 330: I remember seeing it. {X} And you guy set hired a man when I was little small hired a man from to make {X} out of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: People got to go out in the country wanted to give so much wire for so many pounds. They call each layer a pound that's so many pounds they'd give so many a wire chicken {X} wire {X} so many pounds of the of {NW} so my father dropped all that off and got wire got new wire of course and we got posts and dug holes and {X} this {X} net wire from fencing wire just regular regular fencing wire a net and uh put it up {X} {X} today Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Coulda left 'em you know. That's what they made the caskets out of you know Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah I I could tell you one time I seen one made. Interviewer: A casket? 330: Yeah. Man get in it a little old doctor when I was small uh fellow one of the best carpenters I guess we had in the state of Tennessee. Made this casket, cedar. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And this old doctor would get in it and try it see if you gonna fit. When he had him making it. And I don't believe I ever got in it {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: fellow doctor uh uh {NS} {X} {NS} and a fellow named {X} carve it build it for him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It's the prettiest thing you ever seen in your life. Beauty thing I ever saw. And he were buried in it, they buried him in it. Interviewer: Yeah. I don't think I'd care to get in it and lie down. 330: No {NW} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: And uh I've sat up now many a night I you I know you never have for sure never sat up with anybody dead Interviewer: {X} 330: Way back years ago you see {NW} they always kept 'em at the home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And the neighbor would go in and sit up. That night With 'em. And they didn't embalm either then back there then. Fifty years ago never was such thing as embalming people. I hope a fellow embalm {X} father and take 'em {X} and he sat in this fellow's home, my grand daddy's home, I went there {X} {D: a day out of Franklin} All I done with him was stuff and he'd drew this blood out of it you know and put this fluid in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And oh that's the first time I ever seen anything like that done you know {X} then after that they begin to more and more begin to embalm 'em you know. {X} Wasn't no time till everybody was embalmed. You see you could keep 'em quite a while. Up till then you couldn't keep 'em just you know just about a few hours. If there's hot weather it's faster you know. And I've sat up many times just might sound funny to you but they didn't have screens on there people's homes didn't have screens on 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Windows back there in them days and we've had I've sat up many nights had to fight had to keep a broom or stick or something to keep {D: cats knocked out} people come come in and getting on eating the body on the body we've sat up many a night. Interviewer: Did it stink? 330: Yeah. Yeah just like something dead, something else that would be dead they would Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And you couldn't like I said you'd have to {D: bury 'em next day} but now you know sometimes they keep 'em well they I I think they freeze the bodies now, don't they? And keep 'em for weeks and weeks. Interviewer: {X} if the ground's too hard to dig. 330: I think I've heard 'em freezing 'em when they hold 'em out for weeks and weeks. Maybe it's you know just saving time. Somebody could come and get there, something or other. I've heard 'em freezing but I never seen one frozen nobody. Interviewer: Didn't you get scared sitting up? 330: Myself? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: The cats made it sorta scary feeling. Why we sitting up one time a whole bunch of friend my friends with a fellow old fellow {X} and we we like I s- talking yesterday we had to all bring wood we wood got {X} in the hou- we had to go out cut some take axes and cut some wood that night {X} real cold and bunch of 'em went out {X} to get some bring some more in two two or three usually three four of us would be sat up the house and there were these cats {X} and two two of them got {D: hung in the} door trying to get in all of 'em get in at one time {NW} {NW} {X} every one of 'em tried to get in the door at the same time {D: cats quarrel awfulest quarrel you ever heard.} Scared 'em to death. They was young and course I was {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But they didn't have to tell 'em to come in they'd come right on in. {X} lot of pranks things did with people like that back in them days I know you {X} well they the old lady was blind {X} tell all this stuff you might there just wouldn't be no kind of use with it. Interviewer: No I'm interested. Go ahead. 330: Said that {NS} she had {D: wool she} {D: was blind but she could really make stuff} she could use her hands you know and setting up {X} or making socks knitting sweaters and things like that, make all kind of stuff. She finally died {NW} A whole bunch of people older than I was now I was just a little small kid when they told me about it they did uh they went down and sat up with her she died. Well somehow or another I don't know {D: they went out to get wood or something} {X} something left and somebody comes in and takes takes her out and put {D: one of them live ones} crawled in and pulled a just just left a sheet over her you know that's all they all {D: lay upon over 'em} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: so you wouldn't see 'em, they'd just cover 'em up that sheet that's all you'd have over 'em and uh {NW} said that they got back in build up a fire sat down and {D: getting to talk} {NS} and this fellow begin to ease his hand out from under the sheet just a little bit and and could talk just exactly like this old lady did old lady Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and said a little more wool please and a little more cotton please {NS} they told they told when the couldn't get out the door {X} after that {D: leapt up} left that fellow there by himself well now I didn't much blame 'em for going but they left that {D: sitting} but I never did believe in pranks. You know, nothing like that. But now a lot of folks did. Had had you know a lot of fun I thought wasn't nothing wrong with that. I'm guessing nothing wrong but I never did go for pranking or {X} I hope to dig uh I expect five hundred graves in my time for all the people I've sat up with. We had graveyard {X} {D: country} then when one would die we'd go and dig the grave you know bunch of us boys would and cover 'em up too you know in the bed when {X} we some of us had to cover 'em up they didn't have anybody there to cover 'em up. We just us boys would cover 'em up. Interviewer: Did you ever see a a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock? 330: A fence? Interviewer: Or a wall made out of stone or rock you know that you get from the field and 330: Yeah. Yeah. I've seen 'em. Sure have. Interviewer: What'd you call that? 330: Well I guess you'd just have to call it a call it a rock fence. I guess what they call it. Yeah I've seen 'em back over {D: days} And uh I've seen graveyard fences made with rock and I've seen 'em out of metal. Set in concrete the posts and {X} and uh {D: steel wire} around the graveyard out in the country. And back olden times way back most all of 'em was uh had some kind of fence {X} in the country you know way back in the little I never never went to a graveyard like in Franklin you know and now we have two down there. New Hope and uh another they got a new one going. Out down down {X} highway. Interviewer: Do you call those graveyards now? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Do they call them graveyard 330: They call they call them gardens you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And I guess that's what they what they called 'em gardens. Interviewer: What about cemetery? 330: Cemeteries or gardens you know. Interviewer: Those those words are new words though? They didn't they called 'em graveyards when you were growing up? 330: Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid} And now they call 'em gardens {X} a cemetery. Interviewer: What do they when you were growing up what did they call the boxes that they would bury people in? 330: Well they never like we never heard of {X} see we just had a a plain box called it, it was made out of I I just pine I'd say. Just a pine box. Interviewer: You call it a casket or 330: Oh it uh no you it would be I think they just called 'em boxes. They put this casket in it you know they'd put it down in there then and I didn't when I was young I never seen anybody buried in a vault, I mean a a steel vault. Nothing like that you know, we didn't have 'em. {X} They'd take this box and we'd dig graves Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: Like I said we would dig this grave and we'd dig a step like {X} place and we'd put that box down in there. We fixed that ourselves Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: We put it down in there. And set this lid up on the side of it we'd take a sheet and cut {X} we'd cut it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And pin it into the bank {X} all around all around the grave in around in the bank. Then when they were they bring the body we have to bury it then they'd uh let 'em down with a strip {X} let 'em down with a {X} Interviewer: The body or the 330: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 # 330: #1 Just the casket. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # The casket? 330: Mm-hmm. And about that wide strap Interviewer: Two inches wide? 330: We we'd let 'em down, hold 'em just ease 'em down there'd be some there'd be four of us. Or six or something like that whatever they wanted it to be. {X} you know we'd let 'em down just let 'em slip in the hand, eased 'em down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then when they'd got when I was {X} {C: tape overlaid} they'd lay that lid over on top of that then we'd go to shoveling in dirt. On top of 'em you know. But then later on when {X} great big thing you know of metal Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} flat like about each corner Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You've seen you know those I know. And it has a thing you just clip a little thing you know and then you let it down. Well the first one ever I seen I guess it's been fifty fifty-five {X} just {D: attach a man on} little boy's father {X} on my daddy's place and I I helped dig his grave. And uh they that's the first one they ever seen that man {X} {X} I tell you about it his body and he talking about it and he told me that he wanted a {X} tried out. It's supposed to be alright. So they set it down {X} and this man himself was about six six or six seven {X} and a lot of 'em seven foot younger ones. And he pressed this button that thing fell just {NS} hit the ground just like {X} it didn't hold, and then it go do what it's supposed to do. And they just {D: like to died. You never heard such cantering in your life} {D: gotta let it fall} But there wasn't a thing the undertaker could do about it all these folks to mash that button and release {X} let it down but then they do now you know they just do that thing even some of 'em mash a button still and they just go down to the slow you know then they have {X} get 'em down {D: right even} with the grave now most people do. And then they'll they'll leave something over it and then people the people go off {X} their folks I mean folks would go get in the car and ride off something or other you know, then they they'll let it down {X} colored people covers 'em up now you know graveyards and they fix 'em up. Then these family people would come back Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And look it over see the flowers place some flowers on it {X} gone and bring 'em back. But I like to see it I don't I don't know what they'll do to me though. I don't reckon it makes any difference. But I'd like 'em stay there and see me put me in the ground. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Not get up and ride off. But most everybody does now. Don't even stay to watch it. Don't want to stay. They used to build a the high road here now I could tell you about that. When they's building that highway {D: thirty-one cars} They built it with mules, of course, and scoots. Interviewer: Mules and what? 330: Scoots. To haul move the dirt with, just just a I got one down in my barn scoot. Farm scoot we called 'em. That's what they had and those mules pulled that singletree of course {X} to it and they'd just pull it big niggers would hold them handles had a little handle go in there on the side {D: a cup} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Something like that all clamped over. And they'd hold it down and load that scoot and the colored guy would {X} most of 'em was colored labor and they'd stay right there and and the men would come right behind 'em just a great line of mules Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd load 'em and haul that dirt. Move it and build that build these roads. I seen 'em build that one and I seen 'em build this one from Franklin into Nashville. My time. They'd build 'em with scoots. And uh {D: we side over there a bunch of water} working us boys had old Jim over there colored {X} we all was watch ball games over there and {X} I had a lot of friends course I never did get to go to school or any but I I was pretty friendly over there with 'em the young generation you know so we decide we'd have a boxing match. {NS} And this two colored people from Florida one of 'em great big nigger colored guy one was small. And we had some {X} boxing they'd go put on their {D: exhibition they said} and charge us a dollar we charged them about a dollar a piece to come in the gym. We had us take five or six hundred people in there that maybe a thousand, I don't know. You never saw such a {X} people. #1 You could hardly walk in there. # Interviewer: #2 yes # 330: And {X} gym floor you know had rope had it roped off course these boys that {X} knew how to fix everything we were gonna give the one the colored guy that uh won the money all the money. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: So {X} a little bigger nigger said he he'd take him on. He didn't believe that the big nigger'd hit him {D: believe he could work him} and it went on I don't know {X} one round maybe two rounds that little bit colored guy got up on that old big nigger and he just hit jostling him all in the chest face {X} chin nose old big one just spitting and so you never see this {X} {D: back} and finally he just come around like that {X} and he hit that little nigger right up under there Interviewer: {X} 330: And he just went spinning in the air and hit the floor he laid there we thought he'd killed him. And we run out there to help get him up we told him that we wasn't gonna we wouldn't disqualify him {X} we just we just like we tried to let him go back in, that was wasn't a fair punch. It's just a oh side punch. {D: hit him} Interviewer: That's not legal? 330: He said it was but I {X} tried to get him to fight again you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He said no sir boss said I'll take said I's ain't going back in, just give all that money to that big nigger says I's ain't going back in there now. Said I don't want all that money but we did give him part of it. We we didn't give the big one all of it. We give him some. But he wasn't fixing to let us get him back in that ring {D: said oh he saw diamonds and} stars when that big nigger's hit him him he said. He didn't want said he'd like to see some more diamonds but he didn't want to stand that kind of lick cuz Interviewer: {NW} {C: tape overlaid} Okay um say if you had some really nice dishes chances are they'd be made out of 330: Uh I pure china Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see an egg made out of this? 330: Of what? Interviewer: An egg made out of this? 330: Out of dishes? Interviewer: Out of this china. 330: No. No I never did see that. Seen eggs {NS} Interviewer: Okay um let's see what what would you use to carry food to the pigs in? 330: In the just any kind of feed you mean, or slop? Interviewer: Yeah, slop. What would you 330: Slop buckets. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you use to fry eggs in now? 330: Skillets. Interviewer: Okay does that have little legs on it? 330: The skillet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh-uh. Interviewer: It's just flat. 330: Flat skillet with a handle. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to plant some flowers to grow in the house, um what sort of container what would you call the container that you planted 'em in? 330: Well it uh it's a little uh jar of thing, a crock kinda we got we have some of 'em here I could have a little hole in the bottom Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: For water drain out of you know when you feed it with water drain out of it I guess you'd call 'em {NS} I don't know, let me ask my wife. That's what I'd call it. Flower little flower pot. I guess that'd be Interviewer: Yeah. 330: About what you'd call it. But uh they uh about that big around I got a bunch of 'em right there on the back porch now sitting out there. Did you ever gonna plant some {X} and the she just pours water in there you know and that little hole it'll go feed on out goes out of it when it {X} I guess that's what that hole is for, feed out of. Interviewer: Okay what about um if you went out and cut some flowers you'd put them in a {C: audio missing} and if um the things that you eat with, to set the table you everyone has a plate, then everyone has a 330: Fork knife spoon Interviewer: Okay. Um so so you say a spoon and a fork and a 330: And a knife. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} and you said 330: Napkin of course you use give each person with a napkin you know. Interviewer: Okay you say after she washes the dishes, then she what them in clear water? 330: She washed 'em in uh uh uh the detergent waters something you know dish water that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: She pumped in there. My mother had {X} {D: don't use no soap, just} detergent {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} get on her hands, she uses {X} Interviewer: Then after 330: Then she had a grill she sets 'em in to let 'em drain and dry you know. Interviewer: But to get all the detergent off 'em she what them? 330: #1 Dries 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: #1 Wipes 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: #1 With a cloth. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Runs clear water over them then she 330: Runs clear water over them then take this cloth and dries 'em then she puts 'em in this Interviewer: What do you call it when she's running the clear water over them? You say she's she washes them and then she 330: She she washes 'em in that d- detergent water then she runs uh then she clear water I guess rinse 'em. Rinsed 'em off, that's what I'd Interviewer: So you say she 330: She rinsed 'em off with clear water. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the cloth or rag that you use when you're washing dishes? 330: Well I'd call it a dish rag. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what about when you're drying them? 330: Well that's a I uh would be a drying cloth Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call a little cloth you use when you're um bathing your face? 330: Uh washrags Interviewer: Okay. And after you take your bath you dry yourself off with a 330: In a towel with a bath towel. Interviewer: And to turn on the water at the sink you turn on the 330: Faucet. Interviewer: Okay. Would you call it the same thing if it were outside? And you hooked your hose up to it? 330: The faucet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah we have faucets out there. I got have a hose {X} you got one out yonder in the yard faucet you know got the hose we you could put sometimes we'll have two fifty foot hose on there to water something you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Now then I have a big spring down there that pumps it up here got a pump pump laying under the water. I never did I've got my well fixed up before way I use it for years. And uh but this other one spring fixed up, it's a great big spring water Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Come by the {X} out from under the hill up there. In a sandbox then carried over put them in this {D: rudder boy} they're pumps laying on concrete blocks. And that's the way it pumps. And then I got a big trough rudder board below water runs off and what my cattle drinks out of. Interviewer: You you just have one trough? 330: Huh? Interviewer: You just have 330: Just have one trough where the cattle drinks. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Out there. Course I've got twigs running through branches all through my {X} that drink out down there but that thing with this big got two big springs down there. But one of 'em has got a box big concrete box concrete bottom in it then it runs off in there and they drink they even got to go down stick your head in it and then drink, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} quite a few of 'em can drink at one time. It's a great big thing, holds twelve I reckon five or twelve hundred gallon of water. Interviewer: What do you what would you call a sink that you put food in for the hogs? 330: Hogs? Troughs. Hog troughs. Interviewer: You say it was so cold last night that our water pipes 330: Frozen. Interviewer: Yeah and did what they froze and 330: Busted? Interviewer: Okay. And you say if you stuck a pin in a balloon it would 330: Bust. Interviewer: Okay. Um what did say forty-five fifty pounds of lard used to come in? 330: Lard stands. Interviewer: Okay. Do you talk about molasses stands too? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Yeah molasses stand was just a small one you put your molasses in to have one used to sit on the table used to we used to have molasses stand our {X} what I what I'm going to all I know of it had a little thing to mash down and you let 'em run click then you {X} what you think you need one you know you just {X} get your thumb up that cuts 'em off. Interviewer: How how much molasses would a stand hold? 330: About a quart I'd say. About a quart. Interviewer: What about lard? 330: {X} quart might not have might and a lard stand? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It lard stand hold about six gallons I'd say. We'd put we still buy those and put 'em in every year, put our lard in. Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose you wanted to pour something from a big container, say a pitcher of something into a a container with a real narrow mouth. 330: Now it'd have to have a funnel. Interviewer: Okay. And suppose you were driving horses and you wanted 'em to go faster, you might hit 'em with a 330: Whip. Interviewer: Okay. And if you bought some food at the store the grocer would put it in a 330: Sacks. Interviewer: Okay. What would that be made out of? 330: Well it'd just uh uh it's wood out of wood the way I understand it {NS: rooster crows} a sack is, ain't it? {NS: rooster crows} Made out of wood papers and everything don't it come out of wood? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know what kind of wood, I never did see it made. Interviewer: Yeah but it's paper anyway, not cloth? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever call anything besides a sack? Did you ever call it poke paper poke? 330: Paper poke? Pep paper Interviewer: Huh? 330: A pep is a paper pep or something do you mean like it's you said paper poke? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I believe I've heard it called paper pep a pep {NS:rooster crows} Interviewer: Pep? 330: {D: seem to me like} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: I don't know. Maybe maybe you're right. I don't know too much about that. Interviewer: {X} say that 330: I've heard some people call it paper pep. But I I don't know whether that's right or wrong. Interviewer: Okay how what did flour used to come in? 330: {X} in sacks little sacks. Made cloth sacks. Interviewer: Okay. And what about seed or feed what would that come in? 330: They come in they's come in uh in uh burlap sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And now they just {D: by now a} thing of the past, they got so high you know? They put 'em in plastic bags now. Feed in plastic bags. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything besides burlap sack? 330: Uh well we had a we we had a one a one we used to go down to the mill with call it a mill sack. It's really good thing {D: it was high back in the young days} they cost you here I think about a dollar back in my young days. But that was a real sack. And then we sell our corn and go to the mill Interviewer: How much corn would you take? 330: Usually took about a bushel, a bushel and a half. Interviewer: What would you call that? 330: A ten corn, shell corn? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We they have a mill a grist mill Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: fellow had a grist mill to brine it with} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Well {X} kept wheat. I used to plant way back years ago I planted my own wheat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And {X} I got it threshed Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: At {X} mill. And I sell the miller all but what I figured it would take to run us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And what I think it take to run us I'd bring me a hundred pound maybe back a hundred fifty pound back and leave the rest of it at the mill. And if I needed flour I'd go get me some more. {D: either way} And I and they always kept plenty, I never did have to buy none out of the store. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: but to have on it} but all those mills did away, burned up or what {D: own river} {X} what they they either burned up or one just decayed or I believe oh somebody said the one out here about on the Duck River {X} somebody or other maybe. I never was out to Kingston mill I believe you call it something maybe they maybe they might still make a little I don't know. But that's the only one that I've ever heard of. The rest of 'em all I know of is just used to be one right here down on the river one or two of 'em on the Duck River they all gone. No such thing now. I don't reckon anybody raises wheat and cares to a mill. You know like I did. We all everybody I wasn't the only one. Everybody did. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} wheat get a truck {D: hire a} truck. {NS} and carried up there and unloaded it, weigh it up and test it see what kinda {D: grade is on} {X} high tested {X} flour per bushel they'd give you you know. They they'd make two two different kinds of flour there {X} daisy and {X} lily {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And daisy's supposed to be the best one, course we always got the best. Daisy flour {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: {X} How much wheat would you take? 330: I'd take about uh twenty-five bushels, thirty something like that. {X} bread Interviewer: Okay {X} 330: I mean I'd keep about that much course we'd take all we made you know. We'd sell the rest of it at the end. Interviewer: The corn you take, maybe you take one bushel or two bushels or 330: We'd take over there usually about a bushel or bushel and a half to the mill, and get 'em to grind it. Interviewer: But did you ever have a word for the amount you'd take whether not talking about it's one bushel or one and a half bushels or whatever did you ever have just another word you'd use? Did you ever say I'm gonna take a 330: So many pounds, or Interviewer: Yeah did you ever use the word turn? 330: Turn? Interviewer: Turn of corn? 330: Turn of corn yeah. Interviewer: What what does that mean? 330: Well that just uh that just uh I reckon most {X} yeah that's what they what they if somebody asked you where you going say I'm going to take a turn of corn to the mill. Yeah I say that a million times. I don't know why we say it but that's what they was taught all of our fathers, you know, grandfathers say it. Won't you take a turn of corn to the mill today what my daddy tell me. Well I know what that meant said go down there he finally bought us a corn sheller. Just stick turn a handle like a {D: sawmill} {D: did you ever see a little old sawmill} grind something well that's where they kinda much like corn sheller this corn sheller you'd could clamp it on the box or something other Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And just stick an ear of corn up there in it and it'd just shell it right off and the cob would go off over here in the box another box {X} corn would go another place. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you use the cob for anything? 330: Well like I said, a lot of 'em made kindling out of 'em and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And oh I never did. But I know other people kept 'em to build fires with cob they'd soak 'em in the kerosene and put 'em up Interviewer: Animals can't eat the cob at all, can they? 330: Well you could now now there's a lot of people lot of people crush 'em and feed 'em to cows. I don't see there'd be a lot of {X} but it wouldn't hurt 'em I don't guess. I've seen people {D: buy crushed cobs} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: I never have. Never think it benefited. Interviewer: Yeah. What would you call the amount of wood that you'd carry in both your arms? 330: Uh armful of wood. Interviewer: Okay. And say nowadays if a light burned out in one of your well that thing you have sitting on the table there. What do you call that? 330: Lamp. Interviewer: Yeah but that you screw into the lamp. 330: Bulb. Interviewer: Okay what kind of bulb? 330: Uh uh a light bulb. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to carry the wash out to hang it on the line, you'd carry it out in a clothes 330: Uh basket. Interviewer: Okay. And what did nails used to come in? 330: Nails used to come in nail kegs. Interviewer: Okay. And what would run what would you call the thing that runs around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 330: Stave staves. Interviewer: But the thing that would hold that in place. 330: There there was there was a stave at the a little old thin metal thing would run around there and clamp right on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And there's I have seen some of 'em have a wire Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And twisted it so it'd stick on 'em. Around those barrels, hold 'em together. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called something else? A 330: Uh the the the those metal things to hold it together? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh I I think clamps Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear you know women maybe this was before your time but women had these big dresses that'd come out what what would hold them out? 330: Uh I I never did see I've heard of 'em but I never did see. They were oh mighty long {X} I never did see none. Uh some kind of was it bustle? Uh bustle? Interviewer: No I'm thinking about something round. That would go around 330: Great big Interviewer: Yeah. Do you say hoops or hoops 330: Hoops? Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear that? Did you ever hear that talking about a barrel? 330: Talking about wheat? Interviewer: Either the dress or the barrel, the word hoops or hoops. 330: I guess I I may have heard might have heard of hoops I don't know. I never did I don't remember anything about 'em. Interviewer: Okay if you opened a bottle of something and you didn't want the liquid to spill out, you'd stick in a 330: The cork back in? Interviewer: Okay. And this is a musical instrument. You play and you go like this. 330: {NW} Jew's harp. Interviewer: Okay but that's that you twang. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay what about 330: French harp. Interviewer: Okay um and what do you call a thing that you hit nails with 330: Hammers. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have a wagon and two horses what do you call the long wooden piece that comes between the horses? {NS} 330: The uh coupling pole oh tongue you're talking about {X} {X} tongue Interviewer: What's that other thing you mentioned? 330: Coupling pole what holds the back in the wheels to the front one. Couple pole. Just like your tongue only it runs back there and you gotta put a bolt in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And that holds 'em together. You can make a have a bed then that sits on it you know. Interviewer: I see. 330: We don't see many wa- more wagons now, like that you know they don't exist. Been gone for years. Interviewer: What um say if you have a horse pulling a buggy before you hitch him up you have to back him in between the 330: Shafts. Interviewer: Okay. And talking about the parts of the wagon wheel now say you start in the middle you know with you call that the hu- 330: Hub. Interviewer: Then the spokes come out and what do they 330: Rim. Interviewer: Okay. And what what goes over the rim? 330: Tire. Interviewer: Okay. Is there another part that um let's see the spokes fit into the is there another name for is there another 330: Hub. Interviewer: Yeah but 330: Hub is one place down there Interviewer: Yeah {X} 330: And then Interviewer: for the rim is there 330: Uh that's what I I called it. The wagon rim. Interviewer: You ever hear {D: felt} 330: Fell? Interviewer: Felly or fellower {D: felly or} 330: I reckon I've heard 'em called I might have heard that heard called heard 'em called but I woulda called 'em rim wagon rim but there might have been maybe some people did call 'em that you know. Interviewer: No this is something it's different from the rim, it's something that just it's just got two spoke holes or it's just it's a different piece from the rim. 330: It is a different piece? Interviewer: I think so. But I don't if you've never heard that word then felly or fell? 330: I don't believe I've ever heard of Interviewer: Okay um now suppose there was a log across the road, you'd say I tied a chain to it and I 330: Drug it across. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say we have what quite a few logs out of this road we have 330: Uh we have uh we you say we have a bunch of 'em on the road? Interviewer: Yeah. We um if I have what 330: We {X} the logs Interviewer: But I have tied a chain around and logs and I have what many logs out of this road I have 330: Have drug 'em out of the road Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you call the the thing that the wheels of the wagon fit into that goes across 330: Wheel the the the axle? Interviewer: Okay. And you mentioned plows the other day. Is what would you use to break up the ground, break up those clods? After you plowed? 330: Well uh after turn it uh used a {X} {X} rollers used to be Interviewer: What kinds of harrows are there? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What kinds of harrows are there? 330: Ki- what kinda {X} Interviewer: Harrows 330: Harrows? Oh just a you could get could get a iron a metal harrow with little teeth in it, or you could we back in my day when we were young we had a blacksmith would build 'em out of uh oak {D: four each oak} and then he'd bore holes down through these things {X} and then he'd get those teeth and push 'em in there, drive 'em in there. And they would really tear the ground up. They was heavy. {D: little steel harrows you'd have to put} you know a lot of weight on 'em {X} {X} real heavy {D: pulley charred point} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: All around it and that was old run over hopped and he would uh crush his {X} that {X} would. I never did own one of those, my father never did neither. But I borrowed a lot of 'em you know getting ground for a little seed in good shape you know? It'd just pack it just pack that thing was really heavy. And it'd just mash that ground down just like you'd want to get it down fine for little seeds you know, to have seed bed. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What would you if you wanted to saw a log chop chop a log, what would you set that on? 330: A to to saw it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or chop it. 330: Well uh Interviewer: Did you ever see anything shaped like this? 330: Mm-hmm. Horses. {C: tape overlaid} I guess you just sit there like that then lay up in there {X} {D: saw 'em} yeah I've that's what I called 'em, horses. I used to we used 'em many ways to buildings houses, too. You'd lay 'em up something up in there horse you know and have legs on it {X} your back rested you know we used to I sawed {X} just hand saw it just cut nowadays they have electric saws you know band saws they call 'em. It runs and they you just cut a piece off just like that people cut 'em off I'd saw sometimes saw deep {X} look like {X} {X} 330: years it'd days been seven mighty good Interviewer: {NW} 330: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {NS} things have been mighty good. I don't know how they'll come out I guess I expect it'll be as high this fall as it's been be maybe maybe a little higher than it were last year. You know they're trying to make {X} put 'em down to people are says get so high you can't eat it but the farmers are not feeding 'em they hadn't they're not they they're not jumped up nothing like {X} {X} time he feeds 'em and you don't get calves every year sometimes they {X} Now you {C: tape overlaid} farm and feed 'em {X} well you don't got anything to live on you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {C: tape overlaid} A lot of folks don't realize that. That ain't just all free. But that yelling {X} came off that's all the farmers he got to take a have expenses {X} {C: tape overlaid} lots of time you lose some. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {C: tape overlaid} life lose some, have trouble with 'em. {C: tape overlaid} That's what I'm planning on {D: we get seventy-three more years} {C: tape overlaid} to have all these cows {X} {X} {X} {X} sixty-two then and I thought she {X} maybe {C: tape overlaid} and a big cow maybe wouldn't live Interviewer: Yeah. Okay we're talking about you straighten your hair with a comb and a {C: tape overlaid} 330: Brush. Interviewer: Okay. And if you were using one of these you'd say you were going to 330: Use one of those? Interviewer: Yeah you'd say you're gonna 330: {X} Gonna gonna I see I if I was gonna use one of 'em I'd say I was gonna I reckon just gonna comb my hair I reckon. That's what I'd say, wouldn't I? Interviewer: Comb or Wife: Groom. 330: Groom? Wife: Wouldn't it be groom? Interviewer: Okay um or if you used a brush you'd say you were going to 330: To brush it.{NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um and you sharpen a straight razor on a leather 330: Strap. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you put in a pistol? 330: Cartridges. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {X} I've never had my hands on one once but one in my life. But uh I do know that the you have cartridges you put in 'em Interviewer: Yeah. Wife: {X} {NW} Interviewer: Okay um this is something that children play on. You take a board and it rests on a trestle like this and goes up and down. 330: See-saw? Interviewer: Okay. And if you saw some children playing on one you'd say they were 330: See-sawing I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something that you take a plank and anchor it in the middle and it turns around and around 330: {C: tape overlaid} The plank goes round and round? Well that would be a {C: tape overlaid} merry go round I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for that? 330: Well I don't know. Interviewer: You ever heard of flying {C: tape overlaid} 330: {X} Wife: {D: I have} 330: Not that's going around. Interviewer: Did you ever hear flying jenny? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Flying jenny? 330: Flying jenny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: I never heard of it. Interviewer: Um and you'd take a a rope and tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and you'd be making 330: Swing Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: {NW} Interviewer: And what do you carry coal in? 330: Scuttle. Coal scuttle. Interviewer: Okay. And what runs from the stove to the chimney? 330: What runs through the stove to the chimney? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh heat. {X} say. Interviewer: Okay what what do you call um {C: tape overlaid} okay you have a chimney on a fireplace. What do you have on a stove? Wife: {X} 330: Well you'd have to have a pipe to to carry you know the smoke and heat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: out Interviewer: What's the pipe fit into? 330: It'd go in the flue. I guess most of 'em do you know {X} to cut a hole through the mantle at mantle and you put pipes in 'em when they go to put 'em in the home but most of 'em just have flues you know, but {X} and you run the pipe up {X} Interviewer: Okay um and this is something you might use if you were um carrying brick somewhere. It has a little wheel in front, and two handles. {C: tape overlaid} 330: That's a wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what would you use to sharpen say an axe on? 330: Grindstone. Interviewer: Okay. What about something smaller than an axe, like a knife? 330: Well you'd have you'd have you could use a file a whet rock. Interviewer: Okay. And um if something was squeaking, to lubricate it you'd have to do what to it? 330: Gr- oil it. Interviewer: Or 330: Grease it. Interviewer: Okay. So you'd say yesterday I what my car yesterday I 330: Had to grease Interviewer: Okay Um and if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 330: I {X} I'd say it's messed up my Wife: Greasy. 330: Greasy. Mighty greasy. Interviewer: Um let's see do you ever um it's what the stuff that you'd burn in lamps. What would you call that? 330: Kerosene. Interviewer: Okay, any other name for that? Wife: Coal. 330: Yeah, coal. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever make a lamp using um a rag and a bottle and 330: I've seen it. I never did make one. I've saw 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: People that make 'em and {D: go out} {X} you know camping like and have 'em. {D: and it'll burn right on} burn till it burns every drop of that kerosene out. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know what they called it? 330: I don't I don't know what they called it but they just stuck a piece of cloth and uh wasn't too wide, stuck it down in there and got just the kerosene on it, stuck a match to it it went to burning, it just burned nearly burned every drop of it out. You could you can take that do the same thing about putting something out to draw you know to draw the water out of a can or something. Interviewer: Mm. 330: Start it {X} pipe and he'd run every drop of it out. Interviewer: {X} 330: {D: siphon} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape overlaid} 330: {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay um inside the 330: A lot of gas, I imagine {X} had run out of gas, I look it I put {X} I never did see nobody now {D: hoping to go} get mine, I had did have ones that eighteen below zero that when I was working tobacco business in Franklin somebody stole {X} never got home. Interviewer: Really? 330: {X} {X} I put gas in there today. I wouldn't fill it up then like I do now but I'm afraid somebody would get stuck down there you know where I was working. And just {X} {X} {X} I was trying to get home, and everybody's cars and {X} trucks had froze up, and then the fellow stopped {X} came off to get his son said he was drunk awful as {X} fellow's house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And I told 'em I says oh Mister Bob I been two or three hours trying to get home, I said I can't go. I can't get home.{C: tape overlaid} That's when all my children {X} and I told 'em I I'm going home my wife and babies I said so they got another fellow to get him go get him {C: tape overlaid} and he {C: tape overlaid} {X} two minutes but all that {X} {D: you ever played} {X} little round rings on {X} Interviewer: {C: tape overlaid} 330: It's{C: tape overlaid} it's right interesting. And there's a bunch of 'em {X} and some of 'em playing {X} and this {X} walked in there told 'em call the sheriff she just killed this nigger man, well this boy his son was there. {X} they they doubted it they just didn't think she had she had {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And some of 'em said they {X} hear it and just tried to get out of the way you know so they called the sheriff, boy did that{C: tape overlaid} {B} {X} my brother-in-law {D: wanted to sue them} and he called the sheriff {C: tape overlaid} {D: and she left and went towards Holly Grove} {C: tape overlaid} didn't go very far she she was moaning and groaning and carrying on {D: bloody} she turned and came back then started back told us where she came from over there due west and the sheriff and them picked up this little piece of {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} like that but she told 'em to call come and get her she'd killed him. I I think she {C: tape overlaid} he was had been drinking I reckon really drunk didn't know what he was doing Interviewer: Yeah. 330: She shot a {X} big hole Interviewer: What's that game you said they were playing? 330: {X} Interviewer: Were they 330: It's just a {X} they have a {X} like pool {X} you probably have played a little pool well it has four corners pockets and uh {C: tape overlaid} you played you can play {X} {C: tape overlaid} playing and that one of 'em sits on one side like they had a {X} here {X} you you have shoot yours and these two over here {D: at least} you try to and {C: tape overlaid} I might accidentally a lot of 'em did it on purpose course try to {X} knowing where you could shoot {X} bank against that line behind the line you would have to {X} kick at 'em try to kick 'em in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And that's {X} I never could learn to do that I never but I I've seen a lot of 'em kick 'em in there just perfect. Interviewer: What what were they trying to kick in? 330: {X} just little round wooden they have some now plastic I see it some of 'em make 'em out of plastic little round wooden {D: ring like} out of wood they're light.{C: tape overlaid} Then you have a toy{C: tape overlaid} that's white and these {X} will be either one one half would be red, {C: tape overlaid} the other would be green. And you'd choose what kind you want and I maybe want {C: tape overlaid} to choose first say well I'll take red and shoot uh if he makes the red he whoever makes green you'd say well I'll take green then he misses and you shoot, you see. It's really interesting all they had they there sure have been a lot of {X} down here in this country Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Had a lot of fun out of it. Lots of fun. Hadn't shot any in years and years. {C: tape overlaid} But we shot {C: tape overlaid} {X} ever I was growing up we shot that every night. Every night, had a board down there on the platform up high where you could stand up and shoot going {X} bench set this {D: bow} down on {D: sat down} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um inside the tire of a car you'd have the 330: Tube. Interviewer: Okay. And if someone had built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water for the first time you'd say that they were going to 330: Now that's something I don't know anything about. Boats I don't know. Wife: {X} 330: Well no they're gonna put it in there to wet it? To I guess soak it to wouldn't it, to make it tighten Interviewer: I think do you know the word launch launch the boat? Did you ever 330: Um I never have heard anything to do with but I been I've been in a three or four different times out in a little boat {X} one boat one time down there at night one was up {X} scared to death never did go back {C: tape overlaid} those big boys come through there in the morning about two oh clock we stayed all night out there. That thing like {X} the little old boat there we had to tie it to a tree Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But that thing that boy could load it you know he'd just {X} set 'em down like that and I'd go {X} {X} Wife: They spent the night. Interviewer: {NW} 330: They never did get me out there but I don't know what you'd use say you {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I guess you'd{C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Do you know names for different kinds of boats? 330: Huh? Interviewer: You know names for different types of boats? {C: tape overlaid} 330: No now I just I just I don't I don't know anything about about boats. {X} Interviewer: Okay um if a child was just learning to dress himself the mother would bring him the clothes and tell him here your clothes here 330: {X} dress him, he he well she brought her clothes in and she'd tell him to put 'em on. Interviewer: Yeah or she'd give it to him and tell him here 330: Uh-huh here's your clothes. Interviewer: Okay. {X} 330: Put on dress yourself now. Interviewer: Okay um say um {C: tape overlaid} say if you were taking a child to the dentist or the or the doctor and the child was afraid and crying you know but the doctor might tell 'em don't be scared, I 330: I'm not gonna hurt you. Interviewer: Okay. Um and uh if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a 330: Sample? Interviewer: Okay. And she saw a dress that she liked a lot and it looked good on her, she'd say oh that dress is very 330: It it's very pretty. Interviewer: Okay. And a little girl might say well Susie's dress was pretty but mine is even 330: {NW} it'd be prettier. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Would that be right? It'd be prettier? Mine's even lot prettier. Interviewer: Um what might a woman wear over a dress in the kitchen? 330: Well uh uh apron most of 'em do. I imagine. Interviewer: And to sign your name in ink you'd use a 330: Find a pen. Interviewer: Okay. And to hold a baby's diaper in place you'd use a 330: Safety pin. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is a kinda metal that they make some pails or buckets out of 330: A metal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Wife: Aluminum. 330: I well it it's galvanized and and and there's a there's a aluminum buckets too and a tin bucket Interviewer: Okay. 330: There's a few different kinda buckets you know. Interviewer: Okay. And a dime is worth 330: {C: tape overlaid} Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. And if it was real cold outside before you went out you might put on your 330: Coat. Interviewer: Okay. And um in a man's sometimes a man would put um put on his shirt you know and then before he puts on a coat he puts on a little 330: Jacket? Interviewer: Okay. Um so a suit consists of a coat is there any other name for jacket? 330: Yeah there is. I don't know, I've never most suits don't have it have vests now, do they? Wife: The back of those aren't {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: No I haven't bought one in years, I've got to get me one {X} Interviewer: {NW} Wife: Vest too on some suits. 330: {D: don't get all puffed now} just want to get a summer suit get one before I can wear cold weather too I hope. I ain't never have two. {NS} I am not Interviewer: Okay um a suit would consist of a coat and a vest and what else? 330: Pants. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name besides pants? 330: Trousers. Interviewer: Okay. What about britches? Do you use that word? 330: Yeah. I've heard yeah yeah.{NW: laughing} Sure. Interviewer: What is does britches sound old funny or old Wife: Yeah sounds like a Southerner. 330: Britches is sorta like the britches on a mule or put on their britches. Interviewer: You put on a mule's 330: as of what you're gonna work 'em to wear you know hold 'em to hold back with you know {C: tape overlaid} {X} That's something I know you never did see. Interviewer: No I 330: Put 'em on. And they #1 haul yeehaw you know then they they'll hold back # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: sit back sit back on that tongue and those britches you put on 'em {D: back off} back leg back in there then they I saw 'em get {C: tape overlaid} {X} themselves {X} they'll hold 'em back for you if you got 'em trained course sometimes they run away too. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I've had 'em run {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Pretty hard to catch. 330: They get scared. Sometimes run away with you. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mules {X} ride 'em working 'em you know ride 'em in and work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I {X} 'em I still like to {X} mule sure do. Don't have but one, I still got one old mule. He's about near as old as I am. He gets tired and I do too now he's about uh he's at least thirty years old. Wife: That ain't even half your age. 330: Well that's alright. That's old for a mule. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's a terrible old mule. Interviewer: What do you call that pants you're wearing now? 330: The these? Overalls. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay say if you went outside without your coat um you might ask someone to go what me my coat go into the house and 330: {C: tape overlaid} if I went out side of the house without a coat? Interviewer: Yeah and it was cold and you wanted it. You might ask someone go inside and what 330: Get my coat to get my go in the house and get me a coat. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Uh overcoat or something.{C: tape overlaid} Wife: Bring, too, I guess. Bring me a coat. 330: Yeah I'd I'd say go get it. Interviewer: Okay um and the person would come out and say here I what you your coat here I 330: Here's your coat. I brought it to you. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say that coat won't fit this year, but last year it what perfectly 330: Uh I guess it it uh got too big, I got too large I guess. For it to fit me. Interviewer: Okay but last year it 330: It fit alright. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you'd just bought a suit it wouldn't be an old suit, it would be a 330: A new one. Interviewer: A new what 330: New well a new suit Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you stuck a lot of things in your pockets, it makes them 330: {D: Poke out.} Interviewer: Okay or another word for that. It makes them 330: Run 'em out of shape, too. Wife: Bulge. 330: Bulge out {X} get out of shape. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say that um that shirt fit me fine until I washed it and it 330: Grew up. Growed up what. {NW} Shrinks you know. I had a lot of 'em and I've had I'll tell you the truth but I've had 'em bought 'em I reckon you'd call a cheap one and the and the dye would come out. Interviewer: Really? 330: Yeah. Come out fade. What you call that? Fade. Interviewer: Okay you say it seems that every shirt I've washed recently has 330: Drawed up. Interviewer: Or has 330: Faded. Interviewer: Or another word for drawed up. Has 330: Shrunk. Interviewer: Okay. And you say I hope this new shirt won't 330: That's right. Would be better it won't uh it won't uh shrink. And draw up. Like the other one. And it won't. The better the shirt is you know had overalls {X} buy overalls {X} the better ones you get will last longer and won't draw up like a little cheap you know pair. And the shirt's the same way. You buy little cheap shirt, and when you have it washed it {NS} it can't you can't keep {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay if a woman likes to spend a lot of time in front of the mirror 330: Primping? Interviewer: Okay. Any other words for that? 330: Well I guess why she well let's see {C: tape overlaid} uh she'd be powdering her probably trying to make herself pretty I reckon. Fixing powdering fix up her makeup. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: She'd be {X} putting on makeup probably. I don't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But a lot of 'em do you know, put on makeup {X} just the amount you know and go to home {C: tape overlaid} I've seen a lot of women {X} {X} see 'em off then go to their home and #1 just # Wife: #2 They use more # now than they used to. 330: They just you just wouldn't know the woman at all. They put on so much stuff. Wife: Is your sister older or younger than you? Interviewer: Yeah uh older. Wife: Hmm. {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: {C: tape overlaid} Um do you use the word primp about a man? Would you say the man liked to primp? 330: Well I never I never have uh-uh, never have heard that spoken I don't think. He just usually just say well he looked neat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Or nice. Sure did look nice today with his new suit on or something you know. That's what I'd what I'd always heard said.{C: tape overlaid} About the the man you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: There are a few of 'em there are a few men that {D: primp might be} course they have to use some a lot of stuff they get {D: face lotion and} {C: tape overlaid} shaving lotion {D: cream shave himself it smells when you put it on} but they don't primp like the women. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: not in years} particular. Well some of 'em was mighty curious I guess. Men {X} others. Most of the men that I always heard of just {D: sure the clothes} fit 'em pretty good {D: confident that's the main thing} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They'd like you know. But the women like like uh show the clothes off and oh they primp fix 'em up you know {X} I've seen 'em {X} {NW} long time before we'd ever get ready call 'em {X} Wife: Your wife's not like that, is she? Interviewer: {NW} 330: Well not yet. You don't know half the time you fool around and take {X} to get ready don't start {X} okay I can't get ready to get ready. I have to my friends are leaving every time we going to town this afternoon Wife: {D: I don't tell him} 330: and she's well you go on and get ready you could get ready Wife: {X} 330: Yeah wasn't any {X} {NS} Interviewer: What happened? What happened? 330: {D: She} I I had the little wagon up in front going round she come piddling around back in the back finally bought a little can of I think cherries come up there and {X} ladies {C: tape overlaid} I just what are you doing, getting her something? {NW} Ladies that's alright, I'll I'll take it. Wife: {X} 330: She'd take it, too. Wife: She'd make it so {X} 330: Well it's too high to give away somebody. Interviewer: Yeah. Wife: {X} 330: Gonna have to. {X} Interviewer: {NW} Okay this is a little other container that has a clasp on it and people could carry coins in it 330: Purse. Interviewer: Okay. This is a piece of jewelry a woman might wear around her wrist. 330: Well that's bracelet. Interviewer: Okay. And what about something she might wear around her neck? 330: Pearls. Interviewer: Okay. Or beads do you call that a what of beads? 330: A a string of beads. Interviewer: Okay. And what do men wear to hold up their trousers? 330: Belt. Interviewer: Yeah but what do they use to 330: Oh. {NW} Well you call 'em some of 'em call 'em suspenders. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Suspenders. Yeah. I wore many of those. Interviewer: You what? 330: I wore many a Interviewer: {NW} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} Okay if it was raining outside what might you carry over you? 330: Umbrella. Interviewer: Okay. And what's the last thing that you put on a bed? You know, the real fancy top cover. 330: A bedspread. Interviewer: Okay. Um and at the head of the bed you put your head on the 330: Pillows. Interviewer: Okay. And do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow? 330: Twice as long as a pillow? A bolster. Interviewer: Okay. You say the bolster doesn't go part way across the bed, it goes 330: All the way across the bed. Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: tape overlaid} and something that you might put on the bed for warmth that women would piece together 330: Blanket. Interviewer: Okay but some old fashioned that women would piece together 330: Oh quilts. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} Yeah. I I've helped piece quilts. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Way back when I was younger. I had a lot uh {D: cousin of mine} to make him a quilt before he was married. And I{C: tape overlaid} you know help a little. Got {X} stuff I'd go over there and stay the night, she I don't know how many she Wife: {D: I don't think you ever did any work} 330: huh? Wife: I don't think you did help. 330: I did help her some, too. {NS} Interviewer: Is there anything else women would make? For a bed? 330: For a bed? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well Wife: {X} 330: Yeah you'd have to you'd have to make pillow pillowcases like I told you about my mother picking {D: geese} and I'd hold the head to make pillows Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah you make the pillows and cases to put 'em in you know Interviewer: What about {D: callie} {D: callie pin} 330: Uh-huh. Wife: Yeah that's a 330: {D: callie pin} uh-huh Interviewer: What's that? 330: That's a Wife: {D: uh similar to a spread} 330: Just about the same thing. Interviewer: Yeah? 330: Pick this {X} {D: the lighter} thing I'd call it {X} {X} Wife: They were pretty. Interviewer: Okay suppose you had a lot of company and didn't have enough beds say for you you might make 330: Pallets down Interviewer: Okay. What's that now? 330: Pallets. Spread down. That's where you talking about well I'll tell you about you know {X} families they used to I never did tell you about how you used to come way back years when I was small they'd come in wagons. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd the meeting started on Friday morning, they'd look to come in on Thursday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd put up at a {D: hot second place} and you'd get the mules wagon now and usually they'd try to put up close enough where they could walk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: To church. Cuz we didn't have any cars in those days. And very few of 'em had buggies. Back when I'm talking about when I was really small. And they'd load up had chairs just like we plain you know straight chair they'd just set that in that wagon and they'd ride in there setting in that all the women had their little children in there and that that used to tickle me to death. {X} {D: farm} they had a meet big meeting like that and {D: break out their horses} all broke loose run off tore the buggies all to pieces and we had an awful time, I'll never forget it. That's been a long time ago. And we had a hailstorm {X} since we were married children were small we thought it was gonna tear the house down. He he got oh he got half knee deep in it outside {C: tape overlaid} stayed on there for about two days {X} ground was just white. {X} snow. And second was it second Sunday in June? Or second Saturday in June I mean wasn't it? Wife: {X} 330: Second Saturday in June. That stuff just covered up the ground and stayed that way it didn't melt for about two days I never seen that and the pieces some of 'em were that big you know they tore out windows, tore the church down church down here blew here {X} it took every window they had out of that church now worse in places than it was in others Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Some places you didn't have very much. Interviewer: Okay um talking about land you'd say 330: Land? Interviewer: Uh-huh. We expect a big crop from that field this year because the soil is very 330: Good. Interviewer: Okay or what about another word you might use 330: Rich? Interviewer: Okay. Is there another word? 330: Uh{C: tape overlaid} Wife: Fertile. 330: Well it's just fertile I guess you'd call it. Real fertile land. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call flat low land among the 330: Bottom land. Interviewer: Bottom land? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Is that good land? 330: Yeah. Some of the best. Usually course {X} too wet water stand get where the water could stand on some of it, it it wouldn't be too good. Course it would drowned out, maybe you know if we had too much rain like we're having this year. Land {X} all of it's good land but this year if you have that boys cutting hay up there in the bottom of mine this morning he's talking about it and they got {X} water didn't have much rain it's stands on it you know, going to just {X} {X} {X} {X} had a terrible time getting out. That's course that water just just {X} the land you know {X} dry not too much rain it'll soak up so much you know. {D: never did have so much trouble before, haven't had so much rain in years} {C: tape overlaid} {D: bit of trouble but now this} first time we ever had {X} {C: tape overlaid} but uh but the other way, that's the kinda thing you want if you're going out to buy some good {D: tenable} {X} land you want bottom land. Low land. Not not no hill. {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} but it's hard to work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} steep and there's places between here and up on in the mountains it's straight up I went I never have been up in there but one time in my life. Wasn't any interstates then. We went to this North Carolina about it I told you you know what Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh we went there to see a friend lives out there in North Carolina. And honestly I believe you could almost look down some people's chimneys. {X} I never seen nothing like it, just uh it just {X} this then uh they they had built ways for to pass those trailer trucks. But they said way back there you few he told her a few {X} {D: back} there wasn't any way if you got behind one going up one of those mountains you just had to stay behind it till you got on the top you know. He couldn't get into but now later {X} when we went through they had places where that trailer would pull over and let you come on by. And you know there must have been something have to go up in steep places {X} course you you've been over there to the mountains, haven't you? Interviewer: {X} 330: Between here and Asheville? Asheville? North Carolina? Interviewer: Not not really in the mountains, I've just been on 330: Some of the worst ones I ever seen in my life. {X} couldn't believe that there any any kinda here in the world. {X} two they still got interstates but I think they still {X} now they make make they can make a lot {X} of course Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You get ice {C: tape overlaid} scares 'em Interviewer: I guess so. 330: We're thinking about going out there this hope to go maybe sometime this summer. {X} {D: she knows you} I never have seen {D: Carolina after that time} everybody but since then I've been to I been to Florida fishing {X} never go no more Interviewer: {NW} 330: You ever get seasick ride out on a big boat get seasick? Interviewer: Um I've never been seasick but I can see how you'd get it. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Oh I'd like to die. {X} three hours on there and I think it's about {D: twenty-eight or -nine} like it's dead {D: scattered out just like} they wanted me to go down under the water, down in the bottom said it'd be better, lot of 'em did when I first got sick they were gonna take me down in there I won't go down under that water. way down under in the bottom of that boat. I I needed the air. All the air I could {C: tape overlaid} get. About to die. Just vomit and vomit and vomit get just a little bit better. And that thing fall off another hole that boat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And could see the water cover slap up {X} just pure water over top of it then get finally {D: pull out} {NW} {X} one hole after another {X} had several people tell me they'd carry me free of cost if I'd just go with 'em. I'll never go never worry about me going back out on that {D: wicked} ocean not no especially that them storms they just hit you too quick Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Oh they stopped everybody over there. They wouldn't let anybody go after {C: tape overlaid} they got everybody off of it that {C: tape overlaid} that night they said I was white as a cloth when I got off stepped off that boat I guess I was {D: I said we took a hard walk} I know that, I never have oh I did didn't eat nothing at all all day you know, and vomiting {X} {C: tape overlaid} when you just get sick you just feel like you're gonna die, that's all. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I wouldn't have cared much if I did I don't reckon. Fish ain't worth it. I like to fish a little, catch 'em, I like to eat 'em, but sure don't go back out there try to get any more fish. Interviewer: You'd just buy 'em 330: {D: no buy stuff} try to you know if it didn't make you sick you'd you'd have a big time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Sitting out there fishing, catching those fish just as fast as throw it in there. I caught two or three before I got {X} but I never did come up my friends some boys from Alabama and I told 'em I said I'm gone take 'em up real quick {NS} he said no {NS} {X} I said no this is all it for me, I I ain't gonna be able to fish any more, I can see that now. But I finally got that boy one of them boys to tell you I don't know which one I want left or right of 'em one of 'em took we just stand around there boat you know fishing over the side. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay what would you call a land that's not not good for much besides just raising grass or clover or alfalfa. Would you have a name for that? 330: Uh we I uh I'd say yeah uh kind of just a pasture land to would be kinda a wasteland like wouldn't be too good of land. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: What I'd call it. Interviewer: Okay what about land that has water standing in it? 330: Well it'd just drowned out stuff you know you just couldn't make anything, it'd be just what what what you mean now what you call that kinda land? Interviewer: Yeah but most of the time it's got water covered with water. 330: It would be Interviewer: Not just because it's flooded, but just most of the time. 330: Got water on the ground? Be a pond. Interviewer: Okay but I'm thinking of swamp or marsh or bog, something like that. 330: Yeah. Be more like a pond. Wife: Marsh, marsh land. 330: M- m- you said marsh? Soft and boggy {X} if something got out in it you'd just {X} Interviewer: You'd just what? 330: {D: it'd mar up} you know, thick up {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Let's see. Okay um would you have names for real rich soil black soil? 330: Well uh mine is phosphate land here yeah. World of phosphate, and a lot of it is country is rich black dirt. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: But uh then there's a lot of dirt {C: tape overlaid} {X} Wife: She said the call what would you call each dirt? 330: Which dirt? Wife: The kinda land that you {X} 330: Well it it it's uh I don't know what you would call it. Rich land. New ground I guess, call it new land. Interviewer: Okay. 330: I just land that it was it'd be you just had it cleared up would be rich you know, it'd just be new ground like. Interviewer: If you just had it cleared 330: cleared up you know you'd clear it {X} nowadays now you used to dig. You used to have to cut with an axe and saws and {X} and stuff but now they have dozers and they just people just clears up these thickets and things puts it in you know {C: tape overlaid} in land just like the first thing you ever saw and it would got to be rich you know, there's been there for centuries with all those leaves falling on it and rotting in it and {X} we we call it rich land that's what I'd call it. {X} Interviewer: Of loam 330: Loam? Interviewer: Yeah. Loam. 330: {X} Wife: No. Loam. L-O-A-M. 330: Loam. Interviewer: Or loom or something talking about land Wife: Loam. I've heard 'em say loam. 330: Uh what do you mean loam to buy buy buy? Wife: Loam. Interviewer: I guess you haven't heard of it. 330: No, I haven't ever heard of it. Interviewer: Okay if you were getting water off of a swamp you'd say that you were doing what 330: Uh getting it off a swamp? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That'd be pumping it off. I'd say. Wife: Draining it. 330: Draining. Interviewer: Okay. Um {X} 330: Pumping it, either one. Interviewer: Yeah. What would you call the little things that you dug? 330: {C: tape overlaid} little little things do what? Interviewer: That you dug. The little 330: Dig? Trench. Interviewer: Trench? 330: Mm-hmm. To drain it. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you call a a deep narrow valley in a field that was had been cut by a stream is it's real wide and real deep. 330: That's a a oh levee, levee Interviewer: A levee? 330: We would call 'em levees. Wife: Gully. 330: Big gulley's washed. Wouldn't be {X} but you cut it I believe they have levees. Wife: Cut by a stream it'd be a gully. {C: tape overlaid} 330: {X} course the rain floods and all wash it out a gully a place that may be what you want Interviewer: What about a ravine or hollow or something? 330: Ravine. Interviewer: Or hollow? 330: {D: I've never heard of that} Interviewer: Okay um say you have a a river now something um smaller than a river would be a 330: Creek. Interviewer: Okay. What else? 330: {D: spring branches} Interviewer: How are they different from a creek? 330: Well they're the smallest the creek is where there's a lot of spring branches in emptied into it and runs you know spring branches like take mine, I got spring branches all over the place here. And uh got two big ones down here now one of 'em {D: that I told you the other day about} {X} house and the other one's on the other side. And they just run off they just run on right down here and there's a lot more comes and meets 'em and there there all kinds springs around through the neighborhood and I call that the creek. Then gets in to be a creek you know. Quite a few of 'em get together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then they go on down, a lot of these creeks run in {X} direction going south to Duck River. Line we got a line back over here about uh two and a half three miles before Duck River ridge all the water falls on this side goes in Harpeth river Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then the then it goes on in to Cumberland. All the water over there goes into Duck River. {C: tape overlaid} course now that's funny it's uh {D: fine line} through the Duck River about two and a half three miles Duck River ridge we call it. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And all that side goes to Duck River and other side goes to Harpeth River. That's right funny water runs here our water runs due north. Towards Harpeth river. Over there it runs due south. Toward uh just just it just a little above me I couldn't remember {D: understand} in my life why would it split separate down in one water go that way and right {X} the fish in there Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And the drain water come rain it all down this way {X} {X} {X} runs down the other way. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I guess it I've seen a in Kentucky a river {C: tape overlaid} run go off in the ground I forget the name of it, what they called it, but I been to it. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: When I was young. {C: tape overlaid} I could this fellow {X} he told me the name of it a lot of times I can't even keep keep in mind {X} but this {X} and it's real stream of water and just runs off goes off in the {D: grave} holes like big terrible big hole and it just goes off in there just you know which racket it makes going in there. And I think the silt comes out way off somewhere else maybe but I don't know how far. I wouldn't want to live around there. Be afraid I'd get get off in there. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I never did see nothing like that happen before. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape overlaid} 330: And they got a name for it, but I couldn't tell you what it is, what they called it some time river Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Hidden river I believe or something or other they called it. {X} goes off Interviewer: What are some of the names of some of the streams around here? Or creeks? 330: Creeks? Interviewer: Or streams or things. 330: Well there we call this creek here I tell you about the Arno creek. And uh the creek over here where I was telling you about we call it Flat Creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It goes into the Duck River towards Columbia call it Flat Creek. And uh there's a course whole lot of small ones Wife: {X} 330: Well Harpeth River they got all the way up to they go in the Harpeth River all the creeks back this way. And uh I imagine, I don't know, but all of 'em I guess got a little name, these creeks have a little name. Wife: I figured it was {D: Yarborough} creek that's around here. 330: that they call it {D: Yarborough} hole. Wife: {X} Interviewer: Was it a hole? 330: It was a big deep hole. We used to kids would go down going swimming you know and we called it {D: Yarborough hole} the old fellow that owned it Wife: {X} 330: Owned the farm and we called that {D: Yardley hole} Interviewer: Is it part of the the creek 330: Just a deep hole Interviewer: Big place? 330: Mm-hmm. They have baptizing there Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah, little people in there baptize 'em. Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid} I've seen one time out there what happened right down there in that same hole, she's talking about, I don't know whether she ever heard me talk about it you ever hear me talk about {X} I mean baptizing {D: Hensons} {D: Dave Henson, you know him} crazy son one his sons was crazy and this preacher took him in there and Lord he had to take a half a dozen of 'em to hold him he thought they were gonna drown him to death I never will forget it. {D: oh he throwed a fit} Interviewer: The son did? 330: Huh? Interviewer: The son? 330: Yeah. The man's son. He thought they's gonna drown dead you know, didn't have wasn't right at all, just we've had quite a few of 'em people like that it's pitiful live to be old men this poor fellow did and there's another {D: party} lived close to 'em {D: Hall} and they'd get to fighting they would they'd get to fighting {D: through a gate} they'd take a axe a piece or something, get to fighting tear the gate all to pieces {D: every once in a while} just shut hit that gate I told you I'd kill you kill you I kill you I told you I would just beat that gate all to pieces {X} thing I ever seen I seen it, never have seen nothing as Interviewer: Who were they fighting? 330: They they they just hitting at one another this was a hole minor hole and this fencing fellow I was talking about {X} his daddy {X} Interviewer: Um if you wanted to open a door you'd take hold of the door 330: Knob. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? 330: Mm-hmm up on the knob, hill Interviewer: Yeah what's 330: Knob hill back across over here Interviewer: What does knob mean? Talking about land? 330: Tall hill just just a big huh? Wife: {X} 330: Huh? Wife: {X} 330: Well that's a big hill back over back down below {X} where they they used {X} Interviewer: Okay um and the rocky side of a mountain that drops off real sharp 330: Bluff? Interviewer: Okay but like you'd say the man jumped over the 330: Man jumped over the Interviewer: The what? 330: Wall? Interviewer: Okay but in a mountain that drops off just real sharp you know Wife: {X} 330: Ledge? Interviewer: Okay what about cliff? 330: Cliff? Oh yeah cliff yeah that would be better. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Cliff'd be better. Interviewer: Um and up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place you'd call that a 330: Valley. Interviewer: Okay but not a valley, it's still up in the mountains. 330: Well you call it a let's see, what would that be Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Cumberland Gap? 330: Uh the Cumberland Gap? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah I think I yeah I think I heard of it, I don't know where it's at, located. Wife: Cumberland Mountain. Interviewer: Do you ever use that word gap? 330: Gap? Yeah, I've heard gap spoken quite a few times in my life. Interviewer: What does it mean? 330: I guess it'd be a place where they went to, this country and would be uh place to get out of to go out in the wilderness like and get out of it, would be out of a into opening, wouldn't it? Get out of the gap I'd say. I don't know whether that's right or what it would mean mean or not but that would be my I imagine getting out of and the opening where you get out of {X} you'd be trying to {X} like going in the gap like in in in sort of enclosure then when you get out opening you'd be out out of that's what I think about it. Interviewer: Okay um suppose you took a piece of wood and made a little cut shaped like a V into it 330: A little canoe? You mean a a great big #1 piece, or just # Interviewer: #2 No no just # Take a little piece and 330: Trough? #1 Make a little trough? # Interviewer: #2 Take your knife # Take your knife and make a cut here and a cut here and you'd call that a little 330: Uh {NS} I just don't know. Interviewer: Okay you know they they say at least you know gun fighters a long time ago that if they kill a man 330: Oh n- yeah oh notch {NW} yeah notch on the there'd be a notch of every man he killed they had to make- he'd make a notch. Cut. Ain't that what you talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah I've heard mm-hmm. Got one more notch. On my gun. Interviewer: Okay. Um and a place where boats stop and um freight's unloaded 330: Dock. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name 330: Uh well let's see I guess a yard, shipping yard be a kind of where the where the boats pull in and out Wife: {X} 330: Matter what? Wife: It'd be {X} 330: Oh I never heard of that. Interviewer: Okay. Suppose you had a stream and it's flowing along and it suddenly dropped off where the water went on over, you'd call that a 330: Waterfall. Interviewer: Okay. And what kinds of roads are there around here? 330: Roads. Interviewer: Yeah. Like made out of okay like that kind that's made out of that that white hard paved road, you'd call that a 330: Concrete road. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Um # 330: #2 Pavement. # Interviewer: What other kinds? 330: Well they have asphalt roads and uh concrete roads and and uh Interviewer: Did you ever use the word blacktop? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: For asphalt? 330: Yeah blacktop. too that's what we called a called a {X} blacktop. That's what they call this one run up in front of the house here you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It's a blacktop road. And uh {NS} they have to build a little hole for the {X} one of these interstates wears out {X} you know places do on 'em they have to patch 'em up. Way back when I was young they had toll gates and all would grab {X} I told you I remember 'em building highway over here and this one over here too west side of us both thirty-one one thirty-one {X} one thirty-one east. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh they would just go out a pipe road, had little houses on the side, had a toll gate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Would come down over that rock that man'd let it up and he'd charge you a dime to go over it in your buggy and a quarter for a wagon and team. And that's where they they serviced their pipe they'd hire help to haul the gravel and put on it. without the money they got out of this toll you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's where it we come up in my young life I've shoveled gravel many a day {D: haul that} {X} and it started right down here at my tobacco patch. And {X} down to that ninety-six Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Was Arno Pike we called and we'd work it we'd haul gravel all up and down these creeks Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then spread 'em out on the road Interviewer: What's the word pike mean? I've heard that a lot, but 330: Well, this turnpike. It's paved it's a paved- paved thing {NS} it uh I imagine you've heard of that Interviewer: Yeah. 330: we build a they build a bridges over Tennessee River two different places I know of. I've ferried across. Before they build it. And uh they they that turnpike is they'll charge so much for a car Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: The man sits in a little house 'til they get that bridge paid for then they they quit, they don't charge you any money, it's free that's the way they build 'em, Tennessee does. Across the Tennessee River now I know two that are built across like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Just let it pay for itself #1 then # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: then it's free I never will forget one time we was going {NW} I love to be living, that's all brilliant thing to be living we were going down to the bayou Nineteen forty-one trying to get on that job down there bunch of uh men I had a whole bunch of men in my car and they had suitcases tied on and uh tool boxes and things we'd go going down trying to get on this {X} there's five or six of us in the car, can't remember exactly well either five or six men and we'd get all the way down at night and we come to this they're building this bridge across the Tennessee River and we had to ferry across. In the mean time, just before I got to there my hose one of the hose on my car it busted. And the car's about to burn up. So when this ferrying across my car was the last one they let get on, there's about I'd say ten or twelve of us on the ferry Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It carried across and them others just went right on, course {X} {X} and then I pulled {D: Wallace} it's a guy that drove this ferry told me to pour water he had a cup there he keep telling me talking about this pour water saying that would cool it off going down {X} about two and a half three miles to little town he said I can if I can get 'em up they'll probably be in their beds won't be nobody up but if I can wake somebody up there in that little town maybe they can get somebody to get up and get me a fan belt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh I started out {X} up that bank you did you ever go across there? Interviewer: Uh-uh. 330: See that ferry knocked water all over the gravel bank there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: gravel bank, but you climb up as you go up that ferry. So like about that steep, goes up that bank. Well my car tipped down, we had so much of a load on it and now to get parts, you- you've heard that you know you know that much I imagine car gets hot it won't run good and it wasn't running too good, and it choked down Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and I didn't have the hand brakes on, just foot brake and that darn boat done backed off and long gone, in the dark now we're sitting in the dark left us out in the dark you see Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I had to hold that {NS} brake with my left foot Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And them men jumped out over there like {X} me to death come every one of my men jumped out over and jumped off and run left us and I finally got my car started held brake with my left foot and got it started and finally got got it climbed up out of this and my heart was just beating, I could hear it just beating #1 was about that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 330: making that kinda racket I was expecting that thing to go back up in the river {NS} choked down about slipped off back in there with me Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Never scared in my life I said no never go across another ferry if I live to be a million years old I ain't I wouldn't go across one no way shape or fashion Interviewer: What what did your friends do? They just 330: They went off {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Some friends you have! # 330: left me. Interviewer: {NW} 330: And I I rode by 'em when I got started you know? And they hollered hey hey hey wait a minute we want to ride with you, I said no I'm going on. Y'all will just have to walk. Course I stopped I let 'em walk about a quarter of a mile, I reckon #1 something # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: like that just mean I thought they sure did give me a dozen it wasn't cost 'em nothing to go with me, I didn't charge 'em nothing Interviewer: The least they could have done is try to push the car up. 330: Or stayed with me {X} or hollered they all hollered that scared me so bad I just couldn't I don't know where I {X} said anything to the man with the ferry or not. But he what he all he had on his mind was rushing back and getting another load of cars coming across with him you know. They ought to wait to be sure that man's everybody's going off Interviewer: #1 before # 330: #2 Yeah. # he takes away. Pulls out. And that thing acts like me is missing so I didn't think he'd ever get across with us. I think I tell you he carried way down below where we went we going off in it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: course they they knew how to turn you know hit the place there and come out and it cost you next time I went back another trip went across I went across that there bridge it cost uh I believe it's a dollar for for myself and the car and I believe it's fifty cents a piece for each passenger you have, I believe that's what it was. I made them pay for themselves we come back. I didn't go back across that ferry. But I never did get any job down there. My wife said you're gonna starve to death. We children {X} little fellows you know {X} and she said I spent all the money I can get my hands on {X} we didn't have I never did {X} {D: crop one patch of cows just like we did} {NS} Interviewer: What would you call a a little road that goes off the main road? 330: Well it's a it'd just pulled off a side road Interviewer: Okay. Um any other names like that like 330: For the road? Interviewer: Back road country road 330: Yeah it would call it a gravel road or something like that off the main road I guess you could call it the gravel road. Interviewer: Okay um what um this is something they use in making roads it's black I'm not thinking of asphalt it's black and it's sticky and it has a strong smell. 330: That would be pitch I guess. Interviewer: Okay any other name for that? 330: Kinda like a tar it's {X} something that's what sticks the gravel rock together, what you're talking about Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mm-hmm I think it's took you just take all the all the flesh off your bones if you were to get some of it on there. It's the hottest stuff you ever saw in your life when they pour pour it you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And it's uh See uh that pitch and uh I guess asphalt it's kind of an asphalt Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And and pitch {X} {X} underneath concrete don't you know a lot of 'em we got a lot here state up here just pure concrete. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: They last long time but they don't rise as good as they say these asphalt roads do. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: The concrete's kinda rough they have to have a little {NS} you know little {X} place just blocks like of so often you know to {X} keep from busting all #1 to pieces {X} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 330: fan and you can tell a car hitting 'em in little places makes a little {X} going over 'em course they they they last for a long time I guess a lot longer than these other ones {X} asphalt it dries so much better {NS} heap better. How'd you come over here? Did you come by Peytonsville or did you did you come out through Peytonsville over here? Interviewer: I couldn't find it on a map, either. Is it should it be on a map? 330: Peytonsville? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} uh away at uh Interviewer: I'm staying near this place that it has a sign that says Peytonsville road. 330: Road I've {X} Interviewer: So I guess I'm near there. 330: Uh-huh you could come right on out there that's good road out here, blacktop roads all the way all the way here Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Up 'til there. You just hit that pavement road come right on, you run over one of the two little stores over there come on down to this last one and then turn to your right and come on up here about three four hundred yards then you turn back to your left and you come head right in straight into Arno. That one goes straight through here from Arno back to way it goes to Harpeth the way it's four thirty-one. Lewisburg Pike. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: But you turn off over right over there go down a steep hill kind of right {X} and go down this little store I'm telling you about then you turn your left just stay right on that road and you'll come out over there at that truck stop. Right in front of it. You'll run right up in front of it. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: So yeah if you've never been there, that would be your have you been going down and coming out ninety-six? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: To here then turn off on Arno Road, have you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: This would be close to to you course you know you you'd be you're close right there at that truck stop, aren't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And it's, what uh at least two and a half three mile ain't it back down to ninety-six? On the interstate, something like that? Interviewer: Something like that, yeah. 330: A little closer but you might better you might head off on the wrong road {X} now in the daytime if you come back in the morning I you come that way, I'd come that way. Course you can see you know and then if you head {X} but you wouldn't want to stop, you'd just stay on that pavement road 'til you get down to that little store. And just turn there come on up, then turn back to your left turn right {X} store there on the corner and you go up and turn back left and you run right up come up a little hill back to Arno Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And you say you didn't have no trouble finding the {X} at all? Interviewer: Finding what? 330: Smithson boy. Interviewer: No. 330: Was his home when you got there? Interviewer: Yeah. He was there. 330: And you remember the {X} Interviewer: Oh I didn't remember him I remembered it after he mentioned it. I remembered his horse's name. You know, after he said it. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And um yeah he had a picture there I was really surprised that his horse'd take him four at night so is it a good class to 330: That boy that says his horse won it Interviewer: He he won it Thursday night. 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: He said 330: Wallace won it. {X} Yeah I forget who he said was riding his horse. One one one {X} she a good looking girl? Interviewer: I didn't see it Thursday night. 330: I mean Saturday night. Interviewer: Mm I don't remember. 330: He told me the girl's name, but I I didn't know said she is had a must have been the trainer or he always give her whatever she want Interviewer: Yeah. 330: he's trying to get him up get where he can sell it for a big lot of money Interviewer: uh-huh 330: what he's trying to do. I told him it wouldn't take no {X} but he begged me into it I never got a dime of it in my life I've had it all my life sure never did get a dime out of it. Interviewer: Of what, insurance? 330: Yeah-huh. I told 'em I said I just ain't gonna take it. He said oh you are {X} write you the same one you had last year. I no I ain't gonna take it then said yeah I'll let you give it to these other people, They get- I don't ever get nothing. He said well this year you might could be lucky, you might get terrible killing out of it, I said well dadgummit let me have the thing and I'll sign it. Might be {X} years so much rain we might you know might be {X} to get that much collected. Interviewer: What kinda insurance is this? 330: It's tobacco insurance on my tobacco crop, a thousand dollars. Per acre. On I reckon I have about fifteen hundred dollars in the patch. That would be nothing you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: If we had to get tore to pieces destroy it. And we we we have hailstorms and winds it might it might hit us again too you know, it gets up big gets up large you never have seen any you said grow have you Interviewer: No. 330: It just up we top it up about the size of my head cut the top out of it. Interviewer: Tobacco gets that tall? 330: Yeah. And then it's {D: spray all out here then we get six fif- twelve fifteen feet high you didn't cut the top out of it. But you cut out a lot of it and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Throw it away. Then these top leaves come over and make great big leaves and what you'll {X} you top 'em then we cut our stalks and {C: tape overlaid} spear 'em on a stick, but out there in your country in Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina and South Carolina they pull the leaves off. Pull 'em off the stalk {X} pull off one or two at three or something the bottom Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: and they take 'em in I reckon still {X} string around 'em a pole or a stick and hang 'em up in the little drying house. Dry 'em up and they they start to sell 'em about the middle of July. {X} Georgia and uh Florida. Then they get through with that those two countries they come over in South Carolina and east North Carolina to start. Come this a way 'til they get through with all that they got a eastern belt in North Carolina, middle belt and old belt. North Carolina really sells I suspect three or four time much as all the other Georgia and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And Florida Interviewer: #1 oh yeah # 330: #2 together made in # South Carolina too. Interviewer: Winston-Salem and all those places 330: I hope I never been out there to Salem but that's where we going away he wants to wait and go he said if I would never go back no more. He wants to see lot his friends been going out there this Winston North Carolina way out on the coast, I don't know, I never been there. But he wants to go up there and stay two three three four days with some of his friends up there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} And we gonna stay the boy that I one of my best friends I ever had his house for a few days, then we're going up on the coast. The boy has a trailer house {X} out of glass goes right down to the water spend night gonna stay several nights with him out there on the water {X} Interviewer: Sounds pretty nice. 330: So we'll {X} {X} nothing happen we gonna have a good time I really enjoy cuz I probably never will get to see him anymore. He ain't come here for thirty-some odd years we worked together, he and I. And they retired year before last he won't ever be back, {D: If I can just comes on} visit Interviewer: #1 and he won't # 330: #2 Yeah # ever do it. He getting old, he Last year {X} he's {X} which I'll be sixty-seven this year and he'll be sixty-six. When you get that old so many little things can happen to you just overnight Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And you just probably may not get to make it there at all nothing don't {X} I still plan on I don't care what it costs, I'm gonna go. I sure had a good time out there his wife just as good {X} my wife coulda been, never was I'd never seen her or talked to her on the phone a world of times you know and never seen any of his children you know he had two sons and a daughter. Course they all married and daughter worked, when I went out there she my baby wasn't either girl the same age as her and we had a wonderful time. She every time she went to cook a meal she always come ask me what'd I feel like I could eat for lunch or breakfast or dinner. Eat anything you cook I'll eat some of it. They eat different than we do. They eat they have grits nearly every meal Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: out there do you have it in Georgia, too? Y'all have a lot of grits? Interviewer: For breakfast sometimes. 330: Well they had it dinner {X} out there every every meal I ate a lot with 'em, they thought they had to have it and I could eat a little, too. Well I'm losing your time. You you better go ahead, I ain't gotta get talking now. Interviewer: {NW} Okay what would you call a little road that turns off from the public road down 330: Side road. Interviewer: A side road? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay what if it comes up to a man's house? 330: Private road. I'd say. Goes up to somebody's home. Interviewer: Okay. Um and something on the side of the street for people to walk on 330: Sidewalks. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever call that anything else? 330: Pavement? Interviewer: Pavers? Is that an old fashioned word, or 330: Yeah I'd think so. I it it would be on up on the pavement or sidewalk, either one, say one would what you might call it I've I've called 'em both. But most of the time call 'em sidewalks. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Where people walk. Interviewer: Okay, say you were walking along a road and a dog jumped out at you um what would you pick up and throw? 330: I'd pick a rock up and throw at it. Interviewer: Okay. Um so you say I picked up the 330: Stone? Interviewer: Yeah 330: Threw at him Interviewer: Okay Um suppose you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered, you'd say well I guess they're not 330: Not at home. Interviewer: Okay. And talking about putting milk in coffee you'd say some people like coffee 330: Cream? Interviewer: Yeah what milk if some people 330: Um in well uh we we we we uh skim it we would {X} the people does you know have just get pure cream the way my wife does is to put in the coffee have some for somebody but we hardly don't do much now or cream? It'd just it's like a just pure rich and it you you thinking of another name that you want we call it? Interviewer: Uh I was saying if you if you like your like milk in your coffee then you say you drink your milk how? 330: Oh I I drink I I drink my milk straight or coffee without without milk? Or something Interviewer: Or you drink your milk or you drink your coffee 330: Uh with uh cream Interviewer: Or talking about milk though, you'd drink your coffee 330: Yeah with with milk. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what if you don't put what about coffee without milk and sugar what do you call that? 330: I just pure coffee I guess you'd call it. Interviewer: Do you call it straight or 330: #1 Straight # Interviewer: #2 Black coffee # 330: Black, some of 'em called it black I'd call it straight. But I didn't most {X} got a sister won't don't drink no use no sugar, cream, or nothing but I have to have a little sugar. I can drink without cream, I hardly use cream, but I got to have a little sugar in mine. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But she works for the government for years and years 'til she retired they'd take her a little coffee breaks you know and my daughter worked down at {X} in Nashville just like little working ten years Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And she married she didn't even drink coffee before she started down there and she got {X} {X} {D: drank herself once every so often} Wife: Would you care for a Coke or a glass of tea? Interviewer: Oh no thank you. Wife: I thought maybe you might. {X} the fridge but I 330: She might eat some popcorn you ain't gonna pop me no corn Wife: Would you like to have some? Interviewer: If you have some. Wife: Okay. {D: will you} Interviewer: Okay if someone were walking in this direction you'd say he was coming straight 330: Walking how now? Interviewer: In your direction you'd say he's coming straight 330: Straight at at me or straight to me Interviewer: Or another word he was walking not away from me, he's walking 330: Toward me. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Walking towards me. Interviewer: Okay. 330: I'd say he's coming straight at me. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you saw someone that you hadn't seen in quite a while you just happen to see 'em, you'd say well today I I ran 330: In into one of my friends I haven't seen in a long time Interviewer: Okay and um so okay talking about kinds of animals {NW} a kind of animal that barks you call that a 330: I I reckon home Interviewer: Huh? 330: We- that bar- That barks away from home? Interviewer: What do you mean? 330: Fox. Fox barks. Interviewer: Okay. But 330: You know you've you've heard of you know foxes, don't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They bark come in bark you know you came barking out at night is that what you Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Were speaking about? Interviewer: Okay. What say if you were going hunting you'd take along a good hunting 330: Gun Interviewer: Or a 330: Uh Interviewer: The animal you'd take 330: Uh well I I would take a something to get 'em with? Uh uh uh Interviewer: Well what animals you got out there? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Blackie and the 330: What what if I was going hunting? Interviewer: Yeah what kind of animal do you have out there? 330: Well he's half bird dog half shepherd the black one Interviewer: Okay. 330: And he he he'll point rabbits birds, chickens, anything Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Squirrels And he'll run, he go {X} he's scared of a gun and lightning and thunder and he can't keep him when you shoot he'll run off {X} make him come back to me Interviewer: Have you ever um Mister um Smithson had this dog that it's eyes were sort of whitish or 330: Whitish looking. Interviewer: Do you have a name for that? 330: Glass eyes. Interviewer: Glass? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 What makes a dog like that? # 330: #2 That's what I'd call it. # I don't know. I guess I guess you I think you just naturally born that way, I don't think anything has happened to her. I don't believe I've seen it too. Interviewer: No different from any other 330: I don't know enough it may be now we we used I tell you what we used to call the horses we drove at night you know uh sometimes you get one of the moon eyed Interviewer: Moon eyed. 330: Uh-huh and couldn't see how to go at night. Other words a real horse natured horse Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Had good eyes right {X} you can just {X} wrap 'em around {X} {X} Interviewer: Around your what? 330: Spatter board, that's where out in front they had a little board about that high put in front of your feet you put your feet Interviewer: Yeah 330: out there in the I call 'em the spatter board. Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: And I'd wrap 'em around down there and that horse would carry me anywhere in the world. Bring me back. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I wouldn't have to guide him. At all. But now you get a one I got one one time a fellow got his horse want me to drive his horse we going he's going with me we going to see two girls and he wanted to drive his horse. He come to my home and he says this this he rode his horse, he didn't have a buggy Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: he says let's let's drive my horse in your buggy tonight. Well I didn't know about the darn horse, and and I said well alright. Don't make no difference to me if it's safe oh he's safe yeah drove off well him and another fellow walked the girls house close to the church and I carried a girl home a good long ways, I went on got the girl and took her on a good piece and I find out after that he was the one and he couldn't see nothing, he'd just run off falling down a gully and {X} everywhere and he couldn't do nothing. I couldn't put him lines on the spatter board that night or wrap around my whip Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And he that horse run couldn't see {X} uh blind real blind at night, couldn't see nothing. And they called 'em moon-eyed. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's what they called 'em. I never had driven one before, didn't know what the thing was but that's what they called 'em moon-eyed. My neighbor was gonna scare me that night. And this other fellow {X} he had the fellow this this girl lived in another direction. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And they took the girls home they took off and run and got to I had to go through the woods {X} actual home Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Great big woods I went through Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh {NS} way back in that woods here you know when I come through there gonna grab my horse Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {D: holler for it} {X} I didn't come {D: the other way} {X} brothers she wanted to go to her brother's that night that Sunday night so I carried her with us due east they they went west started way back west {X} two or three oh clock we {X} I never did come he come in that night, I just took it old horse out my buggy and hitched him {X} barn Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He'd come in that room {X} about three oh clock got on his horse rode it home. Said never {X} I just down there on {X} I knew it, I heard them talking, I said I didn't hear nothing but she just wanted to go to her brother's {X} back home to her mother. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But we went up there. Later good little while, you know, I think I ten thirty maybe eleven come in Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Okay if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him? 330: I sic 'em on him. Interviewer: Okay. Um and now I'm interested in what kinda names you have for types of dogs. Not breeds of dogs just um okay like what would you call a a dog that you don't know what kind he is? {C: tape overlaid} 330: {X} well it'd just call it you you mean the just uh stray dog come up and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And a I'd say well he's a shepherd or he's a cur dog or he's a hound or he's a bird dog, or he's a {NS} a feist or Interviewer: What's a feist? 330: Just a little bitty small dog Interviewer: Yeah. What's a cur dog? 330: That's uh that's uh what you call like that black in his mind, sick head short and the old dog out there is a shepherd. You see his hair used to be that long course a lot of it came out. Some ladies run over him last year and crooked him up. Never has got over it. And the bird dog this dog mammy my son got a bird dog got this dog mammy and then he's got another new boy lives Nashville he keeps one they hunt birds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You've heard of bird hunting, haven't you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You may have been bird hunting with someone Interviewer: #1 No # 330: #2 maybe # they killed quite a few birds, we have a big bird supper every spring they killed quite a few {X} it's just a lot of {X} to it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They they're like him out there now he was going with me he just did it we went back up there on the {X} king {X} morning I walk in the field checking fences getting {X} cut this piece of hay some of 'em had bloomed down there I was getting 'em cutting 'em toting 'em out and he {NS} oh and he was kinda like {X} just as quiet as {X} on it but I knew I I was pretty sure the rabbit Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: I said get it he jumped in and this rabbit come out he can't run he's so big you know know how big he gets he can't run forever but he run a little piece and then he'll give him up but he would try his best. He'd catch a groundhog took it bring him in the yard and eat some Interviewer: That's why you got that chain around him? So he can't run? 330: Makes noise now you don't get as many. I why I put that chain on him {X} sister when they moved down there {X} {X} Franklin she give Aunt {X} game chickens that her brother had give her I didn't want to bring 'em up here, I tell you he just didn't like the looks of 'em, he he knew they didn't belong here. Interviewer: Yeah 330: And I believe gonna kill every one of 'em he just he just walked behind it and they'd cackle and carrying on and he'd then he jump try to catch 'em {NS} I whipped him then took him and hitched {X} two three days Interviewer: You {X} 330: Hitched him I put that add a little chain on him that a a ring and got one link on it and {X} and well I might as well have killed him he just dropped his head just give up you know he just wanna sleep {X} oh he thought he's killed I went out there one late one afternoon I said now son I'm gonna turn you loose {D: keep cool} now but I don't want you to bother them chickens now he went back straight back laid down where he'd been laying outside his little house he went get up and come in anymore laid down and I come on in the house he was laying there last I seen when he got up that night and left outside but he never has brought 'em I I you seen a he finally laid down out there I make I can make him lay down he hates to do it but he'll #1 finally # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 330: lay down. They're smart. Bird dogs smartest dog on earth. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Training you can really train 'em. I've had some that {X} shepherds are good ones too I used to have a shepherd rode with me everywhere I went. In my buggy then I after I bought a car he'd drive with me then somebody called him out and shot him one night. Interviewer: For real? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What for? # 330: #2 Killed him. # Killed him. I just don't know. I wasn't there. I had gone off to my sister's to spend the night my daddy and them said they heard the gun fire, heard him heard him {X} they find him laying up in the road the next morning. Interviewer: Mm. 330: They just some mean young boys didn't like him you know, wanted to wanted get shut up I wouldn't I'm I had a man ask me he go get the cows every afternoon by himself wouldn't even have to tell him go get 'em, bring 'em up keep 'em down there before you got through milking used to stand by first time milking in the fence corner Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He'd keep them cows there 'til we got 'em in, then he'd come on on up lay down over there {X} he wouldn't let 'em they'd graze off you know grazing he'd get around and make 'em drive 'em back. And then he'd lay down out there wait 'til we got through, then he {X} I had the fellow tell me just begged me to price him what would it take for him I said well I wouldn't take a million dollar for him. I wouldn't have, either. {X} over there myself, I'd go everywhere. I think a lot of Interviewer: Um if you had a real mean dog, you might tell someone, you better be careful, that dog'll 330: Will bite you. Interviewer: Okay. And you say yesterday that dog what the mailman 330: Bit the mailman. Interviewer: Okay. And you say the mailman had to go to the doctor after he got 330: Bit. Interviewer: Okay do you ever say dog bit after he got dog bit? 330: Mm-hmm. Wife: Would y'all like tea or Coke to go with your popcorn? Interviewer: I guess I would like a tea or Coke doesn't matter. Wife: Either one, I have a 330: Get her some Coke. You'd rather have a Coke, wouldn't you? Wife: {D: huh} {NW} 330: Uh Wife: Johnny, you gonna drink Coke or tea? 330: Yeah I'll drink a little Coke. Wife: Now you oughta have tea. 330: Well bring me tea. {X} drink {X} every day now I didn't for two years, but I don't {X} I'm gonna die, I know I might have a spell and die from pneumonia {D: I feel} bad luck Interviewer: Mm. 330: But I hate not eating nothing I enjoy Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Talking about cows what do you call the male? 330: Bull. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names? Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 330: Well that's what my folks always called 'em but the bull male cow my mother but I don't mind that word called bull in my life when she always said ma- male I guess. That's what you mean isn't it? Male cow. Interviewer: Did you ever remember work some work animals other than mules and horses? Something that looks sort of like 330: Oxen? Interviewer: Oxen? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah I've seen one. Drag logs with 'em Interviewer: How would you um see those working together? 330: They they'd work 'em I have a wood stuff across everything in front chest like a we have a collar on the mules the horse and uh have tracks in that thing that pull that mind 'em you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: they said just I never did own one, never did but they they used to make logs with 'em. Strong they said. Interviewer: What would you call them? If you have two working together? 330: Well a team of oxen I guess. I guess you'd call it a team that's what we called a team pair of mules you know, a team. Hitch you on a team of oxen. Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's just a big steer you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: What they were, the oxen, is a big steer. Interviewer: Okay um something a little cow when it's first born it's called a 330: Baby calf. Interviewer: Okay. What if it was a female? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What if it's a female? 330: Little heifer. Interviewer: Okay and male? 330: A little bull. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had a cow that was gonna have a calf you'd say that your cow was going to 330: Calve. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expression? 330: Come fresh. Interviewer: Okay. And the animals that you'd ride you'd call those {C: tape overlaid} 330: {X} Animals I've ridden? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Horses. Or mules. Ponies. Something. Interviewer: What do you call the female horse? 330: Mare. Interviewer: What about the male? 330: Stud. Interviewer: Any other word? 330: Stallion. Interviewer: What did your mother say for that? 330: Well I guess she'd call 'em stallions. Probably. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you couldn't stay on, you'd say I fell 330: I got throwed off. Throwed. Interviewer: Okay so off 330: Off. I've got throwed off. One time one throwed me off {X} young mule and throwed me off and that singletree trace came wrapped around one of my feet Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And he drug me around and around for about fifteen to minutes maybe twenty. Just around and around and around. And I didn't ever lose my head, always my {X} he'd have drug me to death drug my brains out if he run you know, but I just kept on steady him what to do and how to do it I just hope that was the last time finally I said well I'm gonna give a quick jump {X} holler and he'll jump and maybe that trace'll come off of my hand always want to see the hand stick up about that high for up over the top hang string Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Over the collar. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: And I just stick that ring there they uh traces over each handle you know and that's what my foot leg wrapped around in quick when he throwed me and and there's dragging me around and around and around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And he was young mule, just three years old, too, just break me. To ride good. And I gave that quick jerk, he jumped and that ring jumped off of that hang unraveled then he just stop stood there and looked at me. I walked led him good piece and I said well son you gonna have to tote me, I just ain't gonna walk. {X} {X} lead you in I got on he bucked for several hundred yards trying to get me off, but I stayed I just tucked those reins in and chains and and just laid 'em over there and and {X} anything like that but have 'em I got leg got wrapped around something and just fell off wouldn't have hurt him. Pushed 'em up on his neck further and I kept him two more years working. I rode him every day back and forth to work. Field he never did try to throw me no more. But he bucked every day when he throwed me he bucked for a ha- I reckon half a mile just as fast as he could buck. Jump in the air and bellow you know and run Interviewer: Okay but if a little child say went to sleep in bed woke up found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say well I guess I must have 330: Fell off. Fell out of the bed. Interviewer: Okay. And the things that you put on the horse's feet 330: Horse shoes? Interviewer: Okay. What about the game that you play with horseshoes? What do you call that? 330: Pitch pitch horseshoes? Interviewer: Okay. And the parts of the horse's feet that you put the shoes onto 330: Hoof? Interviewer: The what? 330: Hoof? Interviewer: Okay. 330: Horse's hoof. Drive the nails in his hoof you know Interviewer: Yeah. How many of these does a horse have? 330: How many hoof? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Four. Interviewer: You put shoes on all 330: All four of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Four nail on each side the shoe. Put you put eight nails on the shoe. On a horse. That'd be thirty-two nails Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: To shoe 'em. Interviewer: What about um the male sheep 330: {X} For a sheep? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Call him a ram. Buck. Interviewer: Which word is nicer? 330: I I guess a w- would would be nicer to call him a ram Interviewer: Do you remember what your mother would say? 330: No, I don't remember. We never did have any sheep. At all. {NS} I don't reckon there'd be too much difference between a ram and a buck Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And goats. I have some goats did you ever see any goats? Interviewer: Not up close. 330: Got some little kids Interviewer: Do you have some now? 330: I got twelve little ones Interviewer: What do you keep 'em for? 330: Eat 'em. Interviewer: To eat 'em? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You eat goat? 330: Best meat you ever eat. Interviewer: You ever milk goats? 330: Never had any milk goats. I've seen a lot of 'em lots of 'em {NS} you take care of {X} {X} {D: bushes} {D: skin trees} {X} goats I have Interviewer: They're what? 330: bush goats Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Kill the little bushes and skin 'em to eat 'em {NS} briar can't find a briar {D: over there in that lot to this day} to kill every briar in the patch I came to put new fence out and had a lot of little bushes left where the dozers didn't get 'em out good I just left 'em I thought that'd be the best thing, let them kill 'em I bought me four goats to put in there {NS} and for the next two years they done have {X} four oh clock just skinned every one of 'em all the briars in there not a blackberry vine in there lots now nannies call it the ma'am is nannies the uh the other male is billies Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the female sheep? 330: Call her um uh ewe Interviewer: Okay 330: {X} I have been {X} called a ewe I had {X} used to everybody {X} lived in the country would have a big bunch of sheep got to make the most of living out of sheep but the ewes {X} there ain't hardly any sheep in this country you hardly ever see one now. Cuz they're not worth anything hardly used to bring forty fifty dollars a piece. Sheep would. Now {D: all they bring is} Interviewer: What would they raise? Interviewer: Let's see, we were talking about animals last night. 330: I believe it was {X} I think it was. Interviewer: Huh? Yeah. 330: {D: just animals} Interviewer: Um what do people raise sheep for? 330: {C: tape overlaid} I reckon for the wool, I think we have I have I believe you have to have the {D: latest} {D: last question} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Wool and uh and uh meat mutton {X} they kill 'em and eat eat 'em and wool to make clothes out of and all kinds. Interviewer: Okay um and tell me about um hogs 330: About hogs? Interviewer: Uh-huh what you know you have different names for 'em different sizes and 330: {C: tape overlaid} #1 Yeah uh # 330: #2 {X} # see well our top hog is hundred ninety two twenty I think a really premium hog then a heavy hog is when they get larger than that. {C: tape} Then we have a uh old sow and a old {D: stag} {X} bull been castrated stuff they sell all the Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And and then kind of hogs? Interviewer: Well just when they're first born you don't call 'em 330: Pigs pigs pigs little piglets Interviewer: Then what 330: Then then shoats Interviewer: Okay. 330: And then um I'd say after that um would be a choice top prime hog. After you call 'em shoats. And the next it would be a heavy hog. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: From two twenty to two sixty, or two eighty be heavy hog. And then you have a heavy heavy hog. Would be a still larger hog. And then they go back to {X} sow {X} usually about three hundred I reckon, you oughta see one get 'em over three hundred Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {C: tape overlaid} to go to sell 'em you know. Most of 'em try to sell 'em, they get that they get a little premium price for if they sell 'em at uh hundred ninety to two t- twenty Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: About two ten or something like that. I don't know two ten or two twenty but a little over two hundred. Interviewer: A sow's already had pigs, right? 330: Huh? Interviewer: A sow has already had pigs, right? 330: Already had pigs? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: Oh} you mean when you sell 'em? Interviewer: Well the word sow. 330: Oh. Yeah, breed sows. And uh {D: they mean when you when you} Interviewer: What does 330: What you call 'em? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh {C: tape overlaid} I well I always called 'em just sows. Interviewer: Uh-huh what if they've never had pigs? Do you call it a sow then? 330: Uh-huh, call it {X} well I don't know, I just call 'em a {D: guilt} if they never had pigs Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's when I figure when they'd be a sow is when they've had pigs. Interviewer: What about male hogs, what are they called? 330: They're called a bull hog. And and they they when they castrate a male {X} it's a stag. Lots of 'em keep 'em and castrate 'em then kill 'em, fatten 'em and kill 'em eat 'em and nowadays they can sell 'em. Take 'em to market, they'll buy 'em. Used to when I was younger wouldn't buy 'em at all. Couldn't sell one. Interviewer: Is a stag a boy that's been castrated after he's full grown? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if you castrate it when he was a pig? 330: Well you can sell him at the {D: big high price} Interviewer: Is it called a stag then? 330: Well if he's {X} but usually if you uh you say a {D: smaller} you just he just {X} heavy hog, I'd {X} a heavy hog. If he does they grow out a lot a long {X} thing you get a little age on 'em. and I've seen people take horseshoe snippers and pinch 'em out. And Interviewer: Take what? 330: Horseshoe what you pinch off horseshoes hoof with you know {X} they cut 'em off with that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Put the horseshoe on there and then have a {X} you {X} it that foot and then put the shoe and then nail it on. You ever seen anybody shoe a horse? Well they get that foot just as clean and nice and smooth they can then they they put that hot shoe on there and then {X} a little and they'll trim it a little bit. And then they'll they'll take these nail drive 'em on and take this wrap and cut a little trench down under there with that take a hammer to it and mash those nails clinch 'em. In down in that little trench. Course they sometimes they'll stay on a long time and a lot of times they step on 'em front one or the back one and pull it off. Maybe some they can. Mules are usually kept 'em a lot longer than horses I always figure. And they got a big horse much money now {NS} {X} used to dollar and fifty sixty cents oughta cost us to have a mule shod now it's a I think they charge about ten or twelve dollars to {C: tape overlaid} {D: any type of horse} they don't have many people can do it now you know just a scattered few. That's a good business I'd say, for a young man if you want to pick it up. Course these horse men don't mind got the mules they got the money and they want done a good job you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They carry this stuff and go around to these horse shows these boys do they say they make all kinds of money course I I just {X} I've never talked to one of those boys that shoes. {NS} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Um do you ever use the word bar or bar- 330: Borrow? {C: pronunciation, means "barrow"} Mm-hmm. Yeah that's what I have. See I bought a little one and castrate 'em and and and the {D: bar} make my meat you see. Interviewer: I see. Um you mentioned the word castrated is there any other expression that people might use 330: Well they call it lot of 'em call it cutting 'em Interviewer: Okay. 330: Course I always called it castrating. Interviewer: Um what do you call the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back? 330: On his back bristles? Interviewer: {D: Okay.} And do you have any names for a hog that's {X} 330: Have a name Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Wild hog. Interviewer: What? 330: Wild hog. Interviewer: Okay. 330: They really wild, too, I saw a few of 'em. {NW} Interviewer: really? 330: I would yeah just say they never get {X} {X} bacon and things they'll fight you if you crowd 'em yeah I've seen 'em. Out that a way. They just go through the woods, and we don't have fences and they just go one place to another. Just like uh squirrels would do going from one acorn tree to another or tree you know they get to the {X} hogs would branch on out go further. And you got to shoot 'em if you get 'em kill 'em with a rifle. I guess they'd be alright to eat, I don't know I don't know how I never did eat any of it. I don't suspect the grease would ever get right I imagine it'd be oily, slick never could get hard I don't suspect. Interviewer: Why's that? 330: Lard we Interviewer: Why wouldn't the grease get right? 330: It's well they if they fed acorns or same thing it won't. Never get hard. Grease won't. You got a corn fed hog it's the best hog meat in the world. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Any kind of other you can feed barley, crushed barley oats some, they'll eat it, and it won't hurt 'em but they won't be as good a meat as it would if you fed 'em corn. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's the best Interviewer: what about people who take um just get like garbage cans full of junk and just slop 'em with that? 330: Well that's fine uh feeding your old sows and pigs but you wouldn't want to feed that to your killing hogs. {C: tape overlaid} All kinds of junk like that. I feed mine pumpkins and corn when they get always try to have some pumpkins. Planted some this week. And they really enjoy fried pumpkins. They're crazy about 'em, and I I try to keep {X} all the time give 'em corn. Have good grease, too, we say grease we don't ever I give a darky {X} {D: two stands every day} and we never do use it all up been killing great big ones you make two stands {X} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: {D: look out you know} and those ham they getting 'em up mighty high now sure enough since the hogs going up so high. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: they've been selling for a dollar quarter for years and years I put some {X} sold some this time for dollar and a half I don't know what they'll be down at Christmas time, that's when you usually most of 'em sells, you know. People go riding the country trying to find 'em {X} for Christmas sometimes they'll some people you'll see won't want Thanksgiving, but it's the usual thing is Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Ham oh ham. You you've eaten old ham, haven't you? Interviewer: Country ham? Yeah. I like it better 330: It's fine. It's good fried or good boiled, either one. Interviewer: How do you um tell me about how you you slaughter a hog. 330: Slaughter? Interviewer: Yeah. And what do you call the {C: tape overlaid} like when you you cut the side of a hog what do you call that? 330: Take the sides out of Interviewer: Yeah. Well {C: tape overlaid} just tell me how how you go about the slaughtering. 330: Well the first thing you usually do is shoot him. And {X} brain then you have some end turns him up and stick take the butcher knife stick it down bleeding good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: cut a little place down through here {X} go to his heart and bleed then after bleed good then you take him and put him in a scalding box warm water Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape overlaid} t- shake him up turn him so much just like so many minutes or seconds or {X} {X} way high kinda heat you got on your water if it's real hot you can't let 'em sit a little while {X} Interviewer: How do you get 'em down? {C: tape overlaid} Tell me about a big two three hundred pound hog 330: Put 'em in? Interviewer: Yeah how 330: Well uh we well we we killed {X} spring {X} for years but the last two years {X} can put 'em in truck and can 'em different places where they got a place it's a way to pick 'em up and put 'em in the trough a way to pick 'em up hang 'em up on the thing just carry 'em right on out dress 'em take the entrails out of 'em got to and then cut you you lay 'em in the truck bring 'em home cut 'em out I usually lay mine on the house smoke house or something or other {X} {C: tape overlaid} the next morning we take it down and trim it {C: tape overlaid} put the lard in one tub or something and the the the lean meat {D: and sausage} in another container. Then get a {X} you cut that lard up women always Annie's sister usually help us have somebody help us or maybe a boy or two working with us or something and cut that lard up in little pieces about that kinda big just about that square you put in this kettle cook put a big fire under it like we were talking about building one in here and it takes about a I reckon hour hour and a half to cook a whole kettle of it. Strain it in lard stands then. Set 'em away. Interviewer: Why are you cooking it to get the 330: The the the grease comes out of the meat. Don't have nothing but crackling just dried meat. Cooks out, you see. That's the grease what make gravy with. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What do you call that kind of gravy? 330: Well you can uh uh just pure bread but uh crackling bread you can make crackling bread you've probably ever eaten crackling bread have you? Interviewer: I've heard of it. I don't 330: Well you a lot you a lot of places serve it in this country. You go out here to {X} died had a heart thing died out here on the just off the interstate about in near Columbia and he searched he'll he searched serve you old ham or anything you want and he'll serve you crackling bread with it. Corn bread like with cracklings all in it. {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {X} I don't care go for it now a lot of people are crazy about it, lot of people go out there while they're cooking it will eat 'em and pick 'em pick 'em up and eat 'em and all but I never did care anything about 'em. Annie feeds hers to the chickens. Oh they're crazy about it, you know. They'll eat eat on up weeks if you throw out so many a day Interviewer: What do you call um the kind of meat from a hog that you boil with greens? 330: Uh uh hogjaw. Interviewer: Okay what about something that's got a lot of fat in it? Mostly fat. 330: Well that uh that that wouldn't be much wouldn't be very good, uh that I don't know what you'd call it, kind of meat you're talking about, this it uh {C: tape overlaid} {X} a hog wouldn't be fat wouldn't have a lot quite a bit of muscle in him, he wouldn't be too good, but if you did fat you don't have much muscle and they're just not good meat. Well the ones I've always had. Very little we have is worth it course he was a poor hog he wouldn't have a lot a lot of muscle there wouldn't be hardly anything to eat. Interviewer: Yeah. What um what are names for the different kinds of hog meat though? 330: Oh chops and tenderloin back strip Interviewer: Back strip? 330: Mm-hmm. Comes right off the back. Great long piece of lean meat about that long Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just pure lean. You tear it off the back. And this tenderloin comes out of {X} small {X} take it out right here one on each side that's the best part best meat on earth, I think. The highest priced meat I guess is and then uh course bacon there's your sides you know, you hang 'em up call it bacon you gotta certain amount of that {X} has sugar cube it like bacon we go through go and buy he makes himself I never had mine, we just buy bacon but I uh we Annie usually borrows usually crush all ours up boiling you know with the vegetables. {X} put in they're really better without it get too many Interviewer: You call that a side? 330: Side meat. Mm-hmm. Side meat. {X} Interviewer: What about middling? 330: That's the middling. Interviewer: Would you talk about a a middling of bacon? #1 Or would you say side of bacon? # 330: #2 {X} # Well it's got a little part of it that's got streaks to it that's where this bacon comes from Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And like I said a lot of people do, I couldn't cube but you take you can take these meat packing houses and they'll sugar cube it for you. It's the same thing we go to the store and buy that the packing houses fixed 'em cities you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they lot of 'em {X} here in Columbia packing houses that fix it but I I don't ever can mine {X} was raised to eat it when I like it alright now I like it fine I can't eat much meat {D: normally I'd} eat any but I like it boiled like it fried, either one. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape overlaid} 330: Boiled ham any side too I like it all cook it with greens or beans or peas or something just the best thing in the world I think boiled meat. I like it. Interviewer: What do you call fat salt pork? 330: Fat salt? Interviewer: Fat salt pork. 330: Salt pork. Uh I don't I don't know. I've never called it any Interviewer: You ever heard of of white meat or fat back or sowbelly or anything like that? 330: Yeah I've heard of calling it sowbelly that's side meat called sowbelly. Interviewer: Is it does it have much lean in it or 330: Just old pure fat. Sowbelly. And then in the white meat I guess would be something like not any lean in it a chunk. Now they come out they used to buy see I've seen people buy and they call it chunk meat but that's just where they where they cut it off the hog I wouldn't know Interviewer: This was fat? 330: Yeah just pure white {X} fat meat just little chu- I've seen poor people buy it at stores and it wouldn't be wouldn't cost anything hardly at all you know get it for little or nothing now I hadn't heard any that's when I was young. I hadn't heard of any called chunk meat for years and years now what they {X} I guess just they probably done away with it, I don't know. But I've heard of it. Chunk meat and seen people buy it. White white, just white as snow. It's I guess you could eat it that's what they did do with it course you could boil your vegetables with it too. I guess. Interviewer: What do you call the edge of bacon that you cut off? 330: Call which now the edge? Interviewer: The outside of the bacon, you know the part you 330: Skin? Interviewer: Skin? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um and um the kinda meat that say you take the trimmings and slice it up and grind it and make 330: {D: sausage} Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the person who sells meat? 330: Uh uh uh the uh I guess you call him the producers course packing houses they we have several here in Nashville and they buy so many {C: rooster crows} {X} they pack it kill it and dress it pack it and bring it out to these country stores and they well stores everywhere in cities and things by a farm Interviewer: Who who works in the store that you buy it from? {C: rooster crows} That cuts the meat and so forth. 330: Well uh you take a these big big uh big grocery stores and things like you know here in town they have a special meat man you know cut don't do nothing but cut meat. Interviewer: Yeah. What's he called? 330: They call him the uh {NS} uh {D: oh foot} Interviewer: What about bu- 330: Huh? Interviewer: Bu- 330: No Interviewer: Butcher? 330: I guess I guess you might call him the meat butcher I don't know. It seems like I've heard 'em call him {NS} I know a boy here down in Kroger's a big chain down here in Franklin boy lives right there in the store. Farmer stores {X} there Interviewer: He's the what? 330: He's the butcher that trims all this meat, different kinds you know glazes it, fixes it {C: rooster crows} stuff, I don't know what you called him. I really called him the butcher Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: probably} What would you think about it? You think that the Interviewer: That's 330: That'd be what they'd call him? Interviewer: That's what I was thinking of. 330: Well he he don't do anything else but that's his job, tend to the meat {X} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: If meat's been kept too long and it doesn't taste right anymore it's no good, you'd say that the meat's 330: Soured, I'd say spoiled Interviewer: Okay. Um after you butcher a hog, what do you do with the meat from its head? 330: Sawed it down Interviewer: {D: what do you make?} 330: Sides and hams and shoulders Interviewer: Yeah. What about the head though? {C: rooster crows} 330: {D: I'd give it away} colored people {X} make sauce I guess, eat 'em too, I don't know, I give 'em the feet and head both I I have eat some hog head years ago when I was young, but I quit course can't eat much now and I ain't gonna {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Now you know. I give 'em to this colored boy that uh works with us lots most people take 'em and sell 'em. You can sell 'em for about fifty seventy-five a dollar a piece. It most anybody would do that, I just give 'em to him. He had to raise a terrible big family Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Tight you know around yeah I been I give 'em a little lard. I told him I'd give him some more need 'em he'll say but he oh I'll have to ask him again {X} something or other. He won't ever say much about it. He's good at slow, he's good good good help good boy, too. Interviewer: What do you make um you know any dish made of like anything made by cooking and grinding up a hog liver? 330: Grinding hog liver. Never seen anybody grinding that. We we e- eat 'em. Fry 'em, batter 'em and fry 'em and eat 'em boil 'em, they good boiled or fried I like 'em better fried. That's what we do with ours and I always give some to my {D: wife's people} anybody come in give 'em this liver. I really like hog liver {X} I I'm not too hot on beef liver but I really like that hog liver. We just fry 'em. Interviewer: You ever heard of anybody making anything out of the blood? 330: The packing houses do. {C: tape overlaid} kills 'em and they {D: slaughter 'em in a whole big bunch} they make they use everything but the they what they tail you know course I don't know about that. I've never watched 'em do it in the but they said all they lose is the squeals. But they use everything. Hair, bones, and everything. Grind it up and tank it you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: The blood and I guess blood goes in the tank too and hair bones and skins and stuff like that. Interviewer: But you've never heard of any people around here slaughtering a hog and using the blood. 330: Uh-uh. {X} I'm sure they I'm sure they do something with it, but I mean farmers don't. People out in the country don't. {D: nothing} Paying attention blood won't try to keep it off the meat, get it off the meat, you know can, I keep my meat as lean as possible. Interviewer: You ever heard of scrapple or gripple or anything like that? 330: {X} Never have heard Interviewer: Okay suppose you had kept butter too long, and it didn't taste right 330: It'd canker, wouldn't it? We called it. Canker Interviewer: Canker? 330: That's what I'd call it. Interviewer: Would you use a word like rancid or {D: folly} or 330: Might be if it got old, I'd say that it cankered, but that's what I've always heard it said. At home. I know it's not {X} get too old you know Interviewer: What do you call real thick sour milk it's not buttermilk, cuz that's been churned 330: {D: slab slabber} Interviewer: Okay is there there's a kinda cheese that you make from clabber or some people make 330: Uh uh {D: hook} cheese old mm-hmm that there's the best cheese in the world, I think. Interviewer: How do you make that? 330: I don't know how you make 'em but I buy a hoop every {X} about a hoop every Christmas. {C: tape overlaid} They old make real big rim of 'em, you can get 'em they make my cheese I mean cream Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: I don't know how they what it what how long you they make 'em they won't you can't buy 'em {X} for quite a long while, you know. They age 'em. Eight month nine months ten months twelve months older they are, usually the better they are, at least I think they are. Fresh ones are not that good. I bought two box small ones last year for Christmas we I like that old hook cheese and boiled ham, I think there ain't nothing in the world better myself. That's my main Christmas Interviewer: Yeah. What's the um 330: {X} now they really get it to way up in the money like buying ham you buy the cheese now Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: it's high} any of any of it's high, but I mean that old hook cheese sure enough high. I mean it costs a dollar and thirty forty cents maybe fifty now a pound. If you got some. I've got one I give I got mine wholesale, course where I sell my milk, that's what they make this hook cheese hook cheese. And they they just store 'em, have a storage house and they make 'em all year, then sell 'em when he wants 'em, and you know, but anytime but {X} dealing, selling, is selling in the whole year wintertime people buy 'em all year she {X} they they make you know like any kind of cheese too, they don't make all hook cheese, but there's others what you make. Why my wife cooks with these other kinds, all kinds you know buys 'em to cook with, you know. Use 'em and making macaroni and spaghetti, one thing or another Interviewer: What's the first thing you do after milking? You have to 330: After I milk my milk? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Set it in the cooler. Interviewer: But before that, when you get all the hairs and things out 330: Well you strain it. Through a strainer {X} just like {D: slough and cut} like fur like put on there in a in a little uh dish thing and got you have a thing clamp that pushes pushes down on tight hold it then you pull this milk up in there and strain through that that uh dish. And then you put it in the cooler. And it milk {X} before it comes out picks 'em out of the can take it out of the cooler. Course a lot grade A people sell what the milk that you drink and sell to you they they usually set it in tanks. They just last few years you know I still say it gets clean I in cans may be cleaner would be in those big tanks but they want 'em to Interviewer: What do you sell your milk for? Is it 330: Mine? Interviewer: Yeah how do they how do they grade milk? 330: Per pound. and test They test it you know rich it is the more they test it and these Holsteins don't test much lot of 'em Holsteins about two two seventy two eighty is about as high as they ever get, I think. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And my cows run around four to four five. In the summertime used to run they don't I don't get good {X} the cheap ones I {X} used to run around wintertime about five five five sixty seven {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: #1 I never have got that good up in that cream # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 huh? # Interviewer: #2 # What's the highest? 330: Well you could get if you got it just practically pure butter {X} cream it would I've heard 'em talk about getting up near as seven we used to we first started selling fifty some odd years ago they'd run seven, they tested seven. Then they claim we had to get some white faced cows and milk 'em to put it together, then they couldn't handle it, it's too rich. But you don't hear nothing now, you know you don't get that kinda test now. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You actually got your {X} I just I think they kinda think they gyp us on it now, I don't believe we get they just figure now about what you figure you get by on Interviewer: {X} 330: I believe now I may be I may be wrong I I wouldn't swear that. But I honestly believe they just give you about what mine nearly has four three every time and it hardly ever goes up and down. Just stays on there. And I know it's bound to test more sometimes than it does others Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Wintertime you know, and you don't get a thing in the world but just hay and dry feed finally test more than when they got eating all this tender flowing grass it won't test as high. Summer {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Um what the noise made by a calf when it's being weaned 330: Bawl Interviewer: Okay. Um and a noise made by a cow near at feeding time. 330: Made made by a Interviewer: A cow 330: #1 When you're fixing to feed 'em? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. 330: Well she'll she'll low and just like it were time to calve want to get in to eat Interviewer: Okay. And the noise a horse makes 330: Nicker. Interviewer: Okay. Um and suppose you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth and they were getting hungry. You'd say it was time to go out and feed the 330: Uh uh uh go feed 'em in the {C: tape noise} I'd say what time it was by feeding 'em go out and feed 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well that's like the hogs and horses uh I you say way years ago we fed our put our horses mules up every night through the summer at one or two cuz summertime we worked 'em. And we try to have water for 'em to drink, too, and we kept feed near 'em all the time. Hardly ever turn 'em out in the pasture on weekends we would turn 'em out. And mules most people just kept mules up all the time turn 'em a half water where they could just drink water and eat, stand and eat. And uh that's what you want to know what you call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I don't know where you what you'd what just how you'd get at but you just for fattening 'em I reckon what you'd call it feeding 'em {X} {X} I don't know exactly what they say what #1 they say about that. # Interviewer: #2 Okay um # what general word would you use to talk about your horses and mules and cows and so forth? Would you call 'em critters, or stock, or 330: Uh I'd call I'd just call 'em animals. Interviewer: What? 330: Animals. Like uh {C: tape noise} deer anything else horses would be of course a horse or mule would be a different thing but they all in the same family, they just all bred you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: meat} Interviewer: Okay um 330: They they they're meat you take the the mule of course it has a horse mother and a jack as his daddy to they they're a cross. And uh a zebra I've heard 'em talk about the jenny and and and be bred to a horse and call it this old zebra or something or other I don't #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: {D: animal} I've heard 'em called that, I've never I've seen 'em, little spotted things Interviewer: #1 they call 'em # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: zebras, you may have, too. Fairs, shows. Interviewer: Yeah. Um {C: tape overlaid} okay a hen on a nest of eggs would be called a 330: Said what? Interviewer: A hen on a nest of eggs 330: Oh setting. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you do you ever use the word fowl or fowls talking about these #1 chickens and geese # 330: #2 Chickens, mm-hmm # Yeah. Interviewer: How do you use that? 330: Well just uh just uh they I reckon you just call 'em uh fowls. Course there is there is a bird that's a pea fowl Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} 330: I don't know whether you ever seen one or not. But this pea fowl and they make a little racket and they'll throw that tail wide open and they'll make a racket make the hair rise up on your head holler Interviewer: Oh they they're real pretty? 330: #1 They're really beautiful. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: Beautiful. Interviewer: I've seen those. 330: And run fast, Lord have mercy they can fly. There's some right over here with us {X} come by every day feed his cattle and he got ducks geese pea fowl {C: tape noise} everything turkeys and things everything in the world {X} over there on his farm. And these fowls uh you said the chicken it just we just called 'em I reckon the fowls are birds kinda what I'd call 'em fowls, birds. Interviewer: Okay um the place where you keep chickens what do you call that? 330: Hen house. Interviewer: Okay what about 330: poach house Interviewer: Huh? 330: poach house hen house Interviewer: What about a a smaller place, just for the mother just for 330: Brooder house Interviewer: Brooder house? What what's kept in there? 330: Little chickens, raise 'em. Put 'em in there and keep where you can keep heat you know to 'em in the Interviewer: Is that a big house 330: Small house. Interviewer: I mean it's it's not just something about two feet high or 330: It's bigger. {X} fifty or a hundred at a time you have to have heat in it, these electric heat a lot of 'em had house with little old {NS} furnaces built {X} way years ago but since we got electricity we've always just used a heat bulb Interviewer: #1 with ours # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: raise 'em. Interviewer: What if you were gonna ship 'em somewhere, what would you put 'em in? 330: Coops. Interviewer: Coops? 330: Chicken coop. Interviewer: How's can you describe that? 330: Coop? It's um it's a about a three foot thing square Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and it's made out of little rounds have pieces that they bore course they bore holes and go in down here and they {C: rooster crows} flat piece of timber and up top same thing and they little rounds and they there'll be cracks in there for to give 'em air then they have a little door about that wide and it has set on hinges works on top and then they got a spring you you push it back {C: tape noise} {X} then it comes back and stays get they can't get out. Interviewer: yeah 330: That's where they haul 'em. And it used to really haul 'em. See the country people in this country and I guess folks everywhere I reckon did every woman yelling they both cracked all the groceries with their eggs back when I was young. My mother bought all our groceries with egg money. And they were fifteen sixteen eighteen cents something like that a dozen back then. Well we'd have twenty twenty-five thirty dozen a week she'd take 'em and buy groceries with 'em. And uh they they store people that summertime would candle 'em Interviewer: You'd what? 330: Candle 'em. To see whether they were bad or not. See if they had a little place in the thing that was a bug back in there they'd stick this egg up there and you'd take these all these eggs store through the summer. And they'd stick 'em up there and they'd show you just as clear as a crystal if it was a good one. Whether it was heavy black in there they lay 'em out you'd have to take 'em home, throw 'em away {X} Uh-huh, had been rotten fellow with his Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Roost or something wouldn't be no good, you know. #1 It'd have a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: chicken maybe in it, or hen had maybe sat on some, you know, and let the {X} had found the nest and maybe been hen sat on it and she didn't know it you know she'd send 'em to the store and they'd candle 'em out. Send 'em back. Interviewer: Would it show blood in there? 330: Mm-hmm. Blood, anything. Anything in the world in it. They'd throw 'em out on you. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And that was nothing but right. Course you wouldn't really want to eat you know buy eggs that wasn't fitting to eat. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: In the wintertime we didn't have that luck {X} I saw a we had a {X} one used to come through this country that'd throw his voice like a little chicken hollering you know and uh I was setting down there at the store near Arno old fellow come in, old man toting his basket of eggs {D: walked} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: Walked in set 'em down this fellow went to hollering like a chicken {X} basket {X} {D: where} hey what's that I'm hearing? Say if you go like that it go like that bunch of little chickens hollering and man he'd make 'em cut up sure enough the store course understood it you know he knew it good, you know, this man didn't and uh he says uh {C: tape noise} Mister Haley {C: tape noise} says I just {C: tape noise} I'm not gonna be able to buy your eggs your wife must have gotten hold of some {D: satin} eggs say {D: they buy red hat} no don't want you to buy. I'll take 'em back let my {C: tape noise} wife sell 'em, hatch 'em no, I won't buy any of that chicken {C: tape noise} {D: they are gonna hatch if you} {D: before had his eggs started had to catch him} {D: made him mad, found what they done to him} he got plumb mad {X} I've heard him {X} many a many a time, that fellow. Made a lot of folks pick up eggs, start back out with 'em. Then they'd always tell him bring 'em back, let 'em you know put 'em up there and see whether it's bad or not. Find out {X} I never have figured that out, how people fool boys #1 like that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: When you're eating chicken, you know there's one bone that's like this 330: Drumsticks, and that's a that's a a pulley bone Interviewer: Pulley bone. 330: Mm-hmm you like pulley bone? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's what {X} boy live 'em and {D: Mary} eats he wants that I like thigh I like it all. I've always eat thigh or breast piece, too, you know, it always take that breast {X} split stove and have two pieces breast. That's about the same thing as a Interviewer: yes 330: pulley bone, you know. Interviewer: Are there any stories about pulley bone, any superstitions or 330: Well used to we'd pull 'em to see which one was gonna get married first, you know. Interviewer: Really? 330: Whichever one got the long {D: that one it'd be} you ever do that? Interviewer: I've heard of some of those stories, but {X} 330: Never did do it. Interviewer: No. Yes. The longer one gets married first? 330: Uh-uh, I think the short one. Interviewer: The shorter one gets married first. 330: That's the way that I think it we really was. Yeah I pulled 'em with girls {C: tape overlaid} and they used to have big a lot of fun out of it, you know. They try their best to get to get the short one you know let people draw I've seen 'em draw fix sticks break off little sticks and draw about certain things you know see which one would get the short one to marry first, you know and they'd slip 'em back on, you know move 'em around {X} always fixed 'em you know Interviewer: What do you call the inside part to the um pig or calf that you eat? 330: Call the inside of it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Hog? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Uh I guess you call 'em the {D: cockles} wouldn't you? {D: cockles} Interviewer: Yeah. But just like do you like pluck or squin or haslet or liver and lights? 330: Yeah, that course that's the any any just lower part of him, and liver and lights is just above his entrails heading towards his heart and stuff {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh I don't know, any you say it's supposed you want to know what they call it in- #1 side? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Liver and lights and any other names like that. 330: Well the entrails is back in the stomach and this is in his chest, like the heart, liver I mean and liver and lights and goozle come course comes into it too where he swallows Interviewer: Is that the part you stick? 330: Huh? Yeah. You stick in here, and that goozle you cut it out, too, when you go to {C: tape overlaid} get take him over to {X} leave him open, open and then they take the fat off and you when you cut him open you they take the fat off the little entrails and just pull 'em {D: just} like that leave the fat in the hog and then you fix the chitterlings, I've eat I like chitterlings. Interviewer: What's that? 330: The the large entrails. Slit 'em open fix 'em I've eat I I really like 'em. I don't know if you ever eaten any or not, but I really like 'em. Interviewer: No, I've never had any. 330: Well they can you can buy buckets of 'em, you know. Stores. They have two and a half, three pound buckets chitterlings for so much three I believe it's about three dollars and a half. Maybe two pound, two and a half. I don't buy 'em. I just fixed 'em once a year kill 'em I want to know a little something about 'em when I eat 'em. Interviewer: Say if it was time to feed the stock and do your chores, you'd say that it was 330: Time to go feed. Interviewer: Yeah would you call that feed time fodder time, or 330: I'd call it feeding time. Uh people up north used to when I was young, we had some friends that moved up there, and they come back here they called slopping hogs {X} Interviewer: {D: Slowing?} 330: Uh-huh. It's time to {D: swill} the hog they'd say. But we called 'em slopping, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Different and I I called it just feeding time I'd say, well it's feeding time {C: tape overlaid} go feed Interviewer: Say it's time to go feed the what 330: Hogs. Time to go feed feed my mules, horses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Feed the cows. I say feeding time I ever in there now practically most I do is feed my cows and hogs. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then I get 'em fed we get ready and get 'em up and milk 'em, you know. {D: turn 'em in} the barn to milk 'em. I said it's time to go feed. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I try to go by well around four thirty five at the latest. Every afternoon. And all I {NS} go every day morning just quick as I get my breakfast eat. Feed. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Get ready to milk. Interviewer: How do you call a cow? 330: Sook. Interviewer: Go ahead and do it. 330: Sook! Sook! Sook! Interviewer: Okay. 330: I'm not I'm not too good. Call 'em. I do more {X} now and I whistle to call {X} They'll they won't come too good to you, but sometimes you can get 'em come start towards #1 you maybe. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # When you're milking and you want the cow to stand still what do you tell her? 330: Tell her "saw" Interviewer: How? 330: Saw. Interviewer: Okay. Um how do you call a calf? 330: Hmm? Interviewer: How do you call a calf? 330: How'd I call her? Interviewer: Yeah. A calf. 330: I I say "sook." #1 Sook sook # Interviewer: #2 same thing # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. Um what do you tell a mule or horse to make 'em turn left? 330: Turn left. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Gee haw Interviewer: Okay. Gee is left and haw is 330: The other one. {D: plant} 'em you know Interviewer: yeah 330: yee yea when you want 'em to go right Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And haw come back to the left. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh different parts of country now they they plow different. We pack plows we had left handed plows Interviewer: #1 and uh # 330: #2 uh huh # we call it yee all the time. But in in this parts of the country they had plows right handed plows and they'd haw the other the horse lead mule would stand there walk up on the ground, ours walked in the furrow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And we turn right all the time, go right all the time. Turn right. This other one walked up here and comes around the other way. Comes left. Interviewer: Which is the lead mule? On a left handed plow. 330: It it's the left side. Interviewer: Left side. 330: Mm-hmm. Walked in the furrow. Have a line on it, way we always kept lines on the lead mule Interviewer: Yeah. How'd you call a horse? 330: Huh? Interviewer: How do you call a horse? 330: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. What do you say to horses to get 'em to start going? 330: Come up. Interviewer: Okay. Is that the same thing you'd say if say you were already moving and you wanted him to go faster? 330: You'd just you'd tap him and holler "get up!" Interviewer: When he's already moving? 330: Mm-hmm. {X} to go faster you'd ho- you'd just tap him with the line or something holler "get up" {X} tap him up to go faster. Interviewer: What about to make him stop? 330: To what? Interviewer: To make him stop. 330: Oh whoa. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Whoa. Interviewer: To back him into the buggy? 330: Yee yee back yee back. Interviewer: Okay. Um how do you call hogs? 330: woo pig woo pig Interviewer: Okay. Um what about sheep? 330: Well now I just don't know how you'd call 'em never called a sheep, never heard anybody call a sheep. I'd call 'em I think you'd call 'em "sheepy" "sheepy" I guess you would. I'd just like {X} call a hog, you know woo pig woo pig woo pig I guess you'd call 'em sheepies. Be my judgment about it, I never had one, never was around sheep. Interviewer: yeah 330: I imagine you would. Interviewer: What about chickens? 330: Chicky you'd call {NW} chick chick chick chicky chicky chick chick chick Interviewer: Okay 330: And they'll come, too, I'll tell you that. They'll really run, you know, if you used to feed 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Follow me around like just young ones after you turn 'em out of that brood house they'll follow me around the yard just like I'm their mother. Think they are going to get something to eat, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Say if you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere you'd say I want to 330: Get 'em up get 'em ready. Interviewer: Okay. Would you have another word for that? I wanna {X} 330: Uh well uh you'd wanna rub and comb you know and and get 'em ready to go I guess I guess you'd just Interviewer: Well what do you 330: Comb and Interviewer: When you're putting the gear on 330: Oh you mean to go to work? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Apply gear or harness on 'em to Interviewer: Yeah. You'd say I wanna 330: Gear him up. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and when you're plowing the things you guide 'em with, you'd call 'em the 330: Lines. Interviewer: Okay what about when you're riding a horse? 330: You'd have bridle. Bridle reins. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the thing that you put your foot in. 330: Stirrups. Interviewer: Okay. And um if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you can find that just about 330: Something now what y- Interviewer: Something that's real common {C: tape slowing} you'd say {C: tape slowing} you don't have to {C: tape slowing} look for that, you can find that {C: tape slowing} 330: Most anyplace.{C: tape slowing} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape slowing} Um {C: tape slowing} someone slipped and fell this way {C: tape slowing} {X} Interviewer: Okay say um the second cutting of poke or of grass 330: Cutting Interviewer: The second cutting 330: Oh Interviewer: What do you call that old dead dry grass? 330: Uh the dead grass out in it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I'd call it a just a dead grass. {X} A lot of grass dies earlier and it course this stuff some of it gets dies earlier than others. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I'd call it dead just you said after you cut it you done cut it once go to cut it the second time? Interviewer: Yeah. And then grass that's left over on the ground 330: Oh that's just dried up hay. Interviewer: Okay. 330: I call it. Interviewer: Um 330: Yeah. We always have a little of that, you know, that left on the ground scattered dry. Interviewer: Yeah. When you okay talking about wheat. Wheat is tied up into 330: Bundles. Interviewer: Okay. And then they're they're piled up into a 330: Shocks. Interviewer: Okay. Um what's done with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 330: well it's thrashed with a combine Interviewer: What's that? 330: We thrash it and then now they combine 'em, you know. Interviewer: What's that oat 330: It it's a it's a machine that that took place of thrasher, we used to set the thrasher to cut 'em and shocked 'em out there in the field like I said shock 'em and then uh we get a thrasher to come to us farm, and we'd sit and thrash 'em. But now they they combine this stuff. All of it. Barley, wheat oats. Rye and everything. Just combine it. That fix it and cuts it and thrashes all at the same time. Interviewer: So you say that oats thra- 330: They combine all of it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if there was um some job that um we had to do today, you say just the two of us. Um you could say that we'll have to do it, or you could say talking to me, you'd say 330: We got to get that job done, now. Interviewer: Okay but talking to me. You might you might say we or you might say 330: I've got to get it done? Interviewer: Or me too, though, it'd be 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you say me and you, or how how'd you say that? 330: Well I I'd call your name, and say you know we've got that job to do, we just gotta get at it and get it done. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Yeah, that's the way. Interviewer: Okay. Um and talking about this would you ever say this job is for both of us, or this job is for all two of us, or 330: For both of us. Interviewer: Both of us? Okay. Um talking about how tall you are, you'd say, he's not as tall as 330: Not as tall as as I, or not Interviewer: Okay. Or I'm not as tall as 330: As you. Interviewer: Or 330: He. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say he can do that better than 330: I can. Interviewer: Okay. If something belongs to me then you'd say it's {NS} 330: That's mine. Interviewer: Okay. Um or if it belongs to me then it's 330: You it's hers Interviewer: Okay or you- 330: Uh ours. Interviewer: Okay. Um if it belongs to you then it's 330: Uh mine. Interviewer: Okay. Or what about say it's yo- 330: Say what? Interviewer: That you would say if something belongs to me, then it's 330: Oh I see, that's well that's yours. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if it belongs to them then it's 330: Ours. Way I'd say it, the both of us. Two different parties would be you know man and wife {D: two} I guess is what you {X} too, thinking about Interviewer: Okay and if if you say it belongs to us then it's ours, if it belongs to them then it's 330: It's theirs. Interviewer: Okay. And if it belongs to him, then it's 330: It's his. Interviewer: Okay do you ever say his one? How does that sound? 330: Well I guess I guess it would be alright yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever say that? 330: No I never did. I guess it would be alright. Interviewer: Who says that? Does it sound familiar or 330: {D: I may} some of 'em does people that do it {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Um wait a minute say if um do you ever use the word y'all or you all? Talking to a group of people? 330: Sure have. Y'all. Interviewer: Do you use that for one person, or 330: For several. Interviewer: Several. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay suppose there had been a group of people at your house and they were fixing to leave and you were asking them about their coats. You'd ask 'em, where are 330: Your things, you got your things? Interviewer: Okay but if you're talking to a group of people, would you say your things or 330: Your things Interviewer: Would you ever say you all's 330: Uh yeah {X} would say you all I guess. Interviewer: Okay um and asking about the people at a party say there had been a party and you hadn't been there um and you wanted to know the people that had gone you might ask, who 330: Had had gone to the party? Interviewer: Would you ever say who all? 330: I guess it would be uh I don't know exactly how to how to answer Interviewer: Does it sound familiar? That's all I 330: You all? Interviewer: Yeah or who all was there 330: Would be there? Interviewer: Yeah. Does that sound 330: Yeah I guess it would. It uh uh yeah all y'all would be there I guess it'd sound alright. Interviewer: Could you ask who all was there? 330: Mm-hmm, that's fine, who all was there And course then there there could be several of 'em, you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You'd ask who all were there? Last night or something like that. To the party. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay um and say there was a group of children playing somewhere and they obviously belonged to more than one family and you wanted to know, would you ask who who all's children are they? 330: Mm-hmm. Whose children were they, or what they doing, forgot to play with something or other yeah I'd ask who who who whose child was it if it got hurt or something playing just playing. Interviewer: And suppose there had been a speech that was made and you hadn't been able to hear it and you wanted to know what um you wanted to know the the content of it. Would you ask what all did he say, or just what did he say, or 330: Yeah I'd like to tell 'em well I'd like to hear it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Would you recite it for me? {X} Let me hear it. Interviewer: Or would you ask someone though, what all did he say 330: #1 What all did he # Interviewer: #2 Does that sound # 330: Say #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 330: yeah. Interviewer: Okay 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Um you say if no one else will look out for 'em, you say they've gotta look out for 330: Themself Interviewer: Okay and you say if no one else will do it for him, then he better do it for him 330: He'd have to do it his self if nobody else could do it for him, I guess. Interviewer: Okay. And um tell me about some different kinds of of bread that you remember 330: Bread? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just uh eating bread, any kinda bread, cornbread or biscuits? Interviewer: Okay. What if it's if it's made baked in loaves what do you call 330: black bread Interviewer: Okay. 330: Loaf bread, they make uh we I don't know what you I'd call light bread some of 'em called it loaf bread. Interviewer: Yeah. What if it's made to rise with yeast? 330: That's uh that's just light bread loaf bread you call it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Put yeast in it it rises Interviewer: Okay um what else is made out of flour? What other types of bread? 330: Well buns and uh cakes I guess pie crust, too. Could be made out of flour. Interviewer: What about things made out of corn meal? 330: Corn meal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Hoecakes and hoes and and uh I mean hoecakes and uh muffins {NW} corn sticks and uh just plain corn bread. Interviewer: How do you make hoecakes? 330: Just pour it out in a skillet or something like I was saying about that earlier {D: what my old man used to do} just cut it up and just pour it in there and leave it all in one one piece you know and you cook after it get cooked then you take a knife cut it up. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Small pieces to eat. I call that hoecake. Interviewer: What about something that you make like with shape it with your hands like this 330: Well that would that would uh uh I know I can't think of it what what what you call it, but uh I've seen it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've seen c- shaped that way. Interviewer: What about something that you'd make with corn meal just using corn meal and salt and water? 330: Corn light bread. Interviewer: How do you make that? 330: They they they make it out of meal, and uh and uh and you say water and and I think don't use any milk. Believe that's the way it is. Interviewer: What about something that's um just corn meal and salt and water and it's 330: Plain bread. Interviewer: Yeah and you can no it's not a bread it's not really cooked that much 330: It ain't? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of mu- 330: Heard of what? Interviewer: Mush? 330: Mush? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah I guess yeah I've heard of it. Mush. But I never I've never seen any fixed like that, I Interviewer: How 330: Never saw any fixed. Like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But that's it's when you stir it up it becomes sorta like a mush Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 330: You don't cook it much? You say? Interviewer: I I'm not sure. I don't think so. Do you 330: I just don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever have it? 330: Mm-mm. Never did {X} Interviewer: What about something made out of corn meal and um you might um might fry it in deep fat little balls 330: Oh. uh uh hush puppies. Interviewer: Okay. Um you ever heard of a corn dodge? 330: Corn what? Interviewer: Dodger? 330: Yeah. I sure have. That's them things like you said I guess you'd call it made I reckon I believe that's what the way they made 'em. Corn dodgers, it would be a little old thing to {D: pour it just a little} you know little thing on something like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And to eat they're good, I've eaten 'em. I believe that's what they call 'em, corn dodgers. Interviewer: Yeah. What does the word pone mean? 330: Pone? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: That's just a loaf of bread pone pone or bread I'd call it kind of a like a loaf. Interviewer: So corn pone is the same as corn bread? 330: I I'd call that uh-huh same thing. Interviewer: Okay um you say there are two kinds of bread, homemade bread and and the kind that you buy at the store, called 330: Homemade bread you made home Interviewer: Homemade bread, and then there's the kind that you buy at the store. And you call that 330: Well you uh you talking about now the loaf bread? Uh Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. 330: Well you see then you you buy bread that's made down there, now you make 'em they used to buy yeast and make that light bread my mother used to and and then they bakers make it, that's what you talking about, ain't it? Interviewer: #1 Yeah when the baker # 330: #2 Called it loaf # We called it loaf bread. My mother did, when she made it. And they called it light bread you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: when they buy it out of the store. Interviewer: I see. Um what this something that's fried in deep fat and it's got a hole in the center. 330: Fried in deep fat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And it's got a hole in the center. 330: Mm you got me now. Fried in deep fat and got a hole in the center. Interviewer: Yeah you know. It's got a hole in the middle. It's round, like this and sort of more like a dessert than bread. 330: Sort of a pudding like? Interviewer: I'm thinking of donut. 330: Donut oh. Donut something like donuts you say? Cookies? Interviewer: Yeah well um I was thinking of donuts. Do you have any other um names for donuts or different types of donuts or anything? 330: Well they have they have a lot of different types, you know course chocolate co- lemon and uh I guess most any kinda different don't they flavor a whole bunch of different ones I I I just like a plain one really better than I do those others. {X} {X} I like 'em to eat drink coffee. When you drink some coffee, eat 'em with it. That's the way I like a donut. Interviewer: Yeah. Um this is something that you make up a big batter and you fry three or four of these at one time. And- 330: Flat cakes? Interviewer: Huh? 330: flat cakes Interviewer: Okay. What what do you call that flat 330: Yeah. Just put 'em in there and and and cook it in the skillet. flatter cakes what I'd call it. Interviewer: And you call those {D: flatter} 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Flatter cake. # 330: #2 Flatter cake. # Interviewer: #1 # 330: #2 # Interviewer: Okay any other names you ever heard for that? 330: No, I don't know that I've ever heard 'em called anything other than flatter cakes. Interviewer: Okay say um the inside part of the egg would be called the 330: Yellow. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you cooked 'em in hot water, what would you call 'em? 330: Boil 'em. Interviewer: Boiled what? 330: Boiled eggs. Boiled egg. Interviewer: What if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells in hot water? 330: What if you do crack 'em? Interviewer: Yeah and let 'em fall out of the shells in hot water. 330: Well I guess it- it would uh it would cook. I don't know what you how you'd Interviewer: Do you have a name for that though? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Do you have a name for that? 330: Uh-uh, I never did see any done like that I don't know what you what you would call it Interviewer: You've never heard of poached eggs or porched eggs or 330: I've heard of it, but I never did I never eaten none, never Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Sick people I've heard people you know being sick said they fed 'em poached eggs but I never eaten any, never did see any that's what you call a poached egg would be when you break it in well I've heard of that, people sick people feeding sick folks poached egg, had to eat poached eggs, but I didn't I never eaten one in my life, never Interviewer: Yeah. And this is something that's kinda like a fruit pie only it's it's baked in a deep dish and it's got several layers of this fruit and dough 330: Fruitcakes? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of so you first of all you put a layer of dough then you put maybe a layer of apples and then another layer of dough then some more apples and keep going 330: Oh that would be I guess it'd be Interviewer: And it's baked in a deep dish. 330: Well I don't know how to- how to get it there. It just Interviewer: You ever heard of a cobbler or a 330: Cobblers? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah. Cobblers but I thought you just put them in and kinda roll 'em up and put 'em in a Interviewer: {NW} 330: bowl or something or other Interviewer: {NW} 330: bread you know roll it out put your fruit in there and I thought then just put it pull a little bread over it and bake 'em that a way. {X} Cook 'em. I thought that was a cobbler. Interviewer: Um say someone has a good appetite, you'd say he sure likes to put away his 330: {NW} put away his food. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use another word for food? 330: yeah vittles Interviewer: {X} What's the difference? In those words. 330: I don't know if it's anything at all but uh I've heard people call 'em vittles old people Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And it's this food they've ever eaten you know would be just a could be anything by putting it away, eating a lot of it. vittles we'd call I've heard my aunts over talk about it they got up in between these now and talk about {X} they didn't talk like we did, you know. They talked like oh they sure they sure put away them vittles {X} tickled me to death. I By the time one died well she lived near to ninety years old. She used to tickle me to death talking my mother died when she was just forty-seven. My daddy didn't live to be course almost eighty he married again Interviewer: Yeah. Um you might take some milk or cream and mix it with sugar and nutmeg and pour it over a pie what would you call that? 330: Sugar and uh milk mixed it up with milk and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: and pour it over a pie? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I guess it uh would be a to make a cream like something put to pour over they would call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Some kinda seasoning or dressing to it wouldn't it? Interviewer: Okay. Um food taken between regular meals, you'd call that a 330: Taken between regular meals? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well sn- uh had to have a snack I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock. 330: I eat my breakfast at seven o'clock ate breakfast seven o'clock Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say yesterday at that time I'd already 330: Done eating. Interviewer: Okay. And you say um tomorrow I will 330: Try to try to eat earlier or Interviewer: Okay. Um how do you make coffee? 330: Just put it in water and boil it it it let it percolate so long I don't know how long when it comes to perk let it and then it'll quit I made it when I was young, and I made I have made some not too long ago. Just put it in there and let it come to that perk and when it quits perking it'll cut out. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 Yeah # I figure it's ready {NS} to drink then, or isn't it? Drink it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you were real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a 330: Glass of water. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Milk. One Interviewer: Um you say somebody that glass fell off the sink and 330: Broken. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Broke broke. Interviewer: Okay. Um you might say um somebody has what that glass. Somebody has 330: Knocked it off Interviewer: Okay and the glass has 330: Fell in something. Got into something or other. Interviewer: And has done what? It has 330: Uh {D: drank} something or stick it on something else cuz fell in it oh you mean it broke and fell in? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And it's destroyed something Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I think. Interviewer: Okay you say but um I didn't mean to what that glass. I didn't mean to 330: Didn't mean to do to knock it over? Interviewer: And 330: Break it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if if I ask you how much did you drink, you'd say I what a lot? Of water. I 330: So many glasses I'd say after all I drunk three glasses or Interviewer: Okay. 330: Four glasses or something like that Interviewer: And then you might ask me how much have you 330: Drank? Interviewer: Okay. Um or you might say you certainly do 330: Enjoy it. Drinking it. Interviewer: Okay. Um if dinner's on the table and the family's standing around the table, you know, waiting to begin what do you say to them? 330: Have seats. Interviewer: Okay. It's the same thing if you have company? You say 330: Yeah. Come on have sit down ready to eat. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone comes into the dining room and you tell 'em won't you 330: Have a seat Interviewer: Or won't you what? 330: Sit down, eat with us, or Interviewer: Okay. And you say so then he what down? Then he 330: He well he sit down and eaten with us. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say nobody else was standing up because they'd all what down? 330: All all have sat down. Interviewer: Okay. Um say there were some potatoes on the table and you wanted someone not to wait until the potatoes were passed to them. You'd say 330: Pass me the potatoes. Interviewer: Yeah or you tell someone just go ahead and 330: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay. So you'd say um so he went ahead and 330: And what {D: help his self?} Interviewer: Okay. You say um I asked him to pass 'em over to me since he'd already what himself? 330: He he done he'd already had 'em or well wait on his self Interviewer: Or he'd already what himself #1 # 330: #2 # {NW} wait on himself first, I guess you'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um or using the word help you'd say since he'd already 330: Helped himself. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone offers you some food and you decide you you don't want it, you'd say no thank 330: I don't care for any. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if food's been cooked and served a second time 330: warmed over Interviewer: Okay. Um you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 330: Chew it. Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see this is um the things that peas and carrots and beets and so forth you call those 330: What I call them? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: What you you mean there's three four different ones together and you call 'em something? Interviewer: Yeah I'm thinking of the word vegetables. 330: Oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 What- # 330: #2 Call it a # vegetable. Interviewer: Okay but what if they're grown? At home? 330: Where do you grow 'em at? Interviewer: Would you have a different name depending on whether you grew 'em yourself or whether you bought 'em? 330: No I wouldn't, I'd just well if I went to you know grow 'em myself I'd call 'em like I said beets or Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Or cucumbers or squash or okra or whatnot, and if I went to the store of course I'd ask for Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: I think you mentioned I don't think it's on the tape but I think you mentioned the word truck or something 330: A what? Interviewer: The word truck. Something like 330: Oh Interviewer: Or would you say 330: Yeah we have the truck farming Interviewer: What's what's that mean? 330: Well they raise our neighbors here they what he used to truck farm every year, he'd plants a little of everything carries it to market and sells it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {D: gadget} He plants corn tomatoes squash cucumbers, okra beans potatoes onions everything. And picks it and carries it I call that truck gardening. Interviewer: You call the stuff he grows trucks? 330: Uh-huh uh the vegetables. Call it vegetables. And truck garden. Interviewer: I see. Okay um this is something that's made from um people take ashes and get this lime and then take corn 330: Make hominy? Interviewer: Okay. Um and this is a starch that's you can eat it, it's from the grain and it takes a lot of water to grow its so they don't grow it much around here but they grow it further down south I think. Um and people in China and Japan eat it a lot. 330: Rice? Interviewer: Okay. Um and do you have any names for um alcohol that's cheap whiskey or homemade beer? 330: {D: never did have what} Interviewer: Johnny what do you call cheap whiskey? Or homemade beer? It's not legal, you know. 330: Oh. {NW} moonshine. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name? 330: Uh well {NW} white lightning, some of 'em calls it I've heard 'em call it, I Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know. Moonshine, white lightning, whiskey. Interviewer: Do they have any of that around here? 330: Sour mash. I've heard 'em call it I never have seen it never have been yeah I heard of people making it one of 'em I lived with my father and our home burned up up there when the children was little the fellow made it wasn't too far from we could just almost taste it and people would would be coming by the road there all night keep us awake all night going in there and getting it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I had to do about much keep my boy from going out there they thought there was something going on you know and they want to call and let 'em go. And I got the fellow to move, I told him, I said these kids are raising sand about it #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Raising what? # 330: and if they ever go out there my children I said they won't go out there, say something going on. They want to see what it is I said now you better move it out Interviewer: Yeah 330: Cuz they they're gonna tell it in school. If there's something going on up there and I won't let 'em go out there and look at it. See about it. They want to go check on it and figure it out so one night they moved all night hauled it away. I don't know where they carried it. Didn't care. {D: just as long as it got away so} my children wouldn't go out there to see it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well you could just taste it, they'd make you know that stuff cool just that air be back in that vicinity and then well they just like we cooking it in our own yard. Interviewer: Yeah. You said your children were raising what about 330: They wanted to go out to see what it was Interviewer: Yeah how did you say that? They were raising 330: Huh Raising Cain, I said wanted to go out there and see what was going on. Interviewer: I see. Um what what about beer? What did you call that? 330: Well you can call it uh home brew, used to make it home brew brew. In the countries way back years ago when I was young they made it and they didn't have no iceboxes then and all and they'd store it in the ground in the cellar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Dig a hole and just put it down in the if it got too hot it'd blow. {D: up} {X} Called it brew. Home brew. Interviewer: Yeah. If something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just that just 330: delicious smell delicious Interviewer: Yeah or tell someone just smell it 330: Real good. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay you say this is a say if you have a belt and it's it's cow hide, it's got something on there to tell you that it's cow hide and not anything else 330: Genuine. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Horse hide. Interviewer: Okay. Um when sugar was weighed out of a barrel you'd say that it was sold 330: {D: getting low} Interviewer: Okay but but when they didn't package it first, when they just weigh it to you out of a barrel you'd say the sugar was sold 330: By by the pound Interviewer: Okay. Or sugar was sold in 330: In in in a small quantities Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use the expression in bulk? 330: In bulk? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or sugar was sold loose or 330: Well uh they bought it you know loose, we all bought it loose, five pound a time, or ten pounds you know they'd just put it in a sack they bought it in and they'd weigh it up and them don't come in like five pound ten pound nowadays they'd sack it you know. Take it out of a the container and weigh it up to it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And they bulk if it was a bulk when they bought it the hundred pound that you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: {X} hundred pound sack Interviewer: Okay what do you call a something that you can make out of apples, or something like 330: Cider? Interviewer: Okay but something that you could spread. On toast or biscuits 330: Uh Interviewer: Not jam but something 330: Oh I I- sauce? Applesauce? Interviewer: Um No it's something real common in other women would make it and then put it in these special glasses and pour paraffin over it to seal it 330: Jelly? Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you have on the table to season food with you have your 330: Salt. Interviewer: What else? 330: Pepper. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if there was a some apples and a child a bowl of apples and a child wanted one, you'd tell someone 330: He want the apple, give him an apple Interviewer: Okay. Or he'd say get 330: Yeah. {NW} I want the apple. Gimme a apple. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you're not if you don't have any money at all, you'd say you're 330: Broke. Interviewer: Or 330: Busted. Interviewer: You're not rich, you're 330: Poor. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say if a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about but life is hard on a man 330: With money it would be. Everybody be {D: laying for him} I'd figure, you know people would be has a lot of money children they have to watch the children mighty close. {X} wealthy and the people steal 'em you know on a swipe 'em out on a {X} that's a myth of life I'd figure if you had a lot of money and and these gangsters knowing it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You'd have to terrible time to keep your children {X} out there in the private school you know they do what meeting there this I've known a few {X} {D: Nelson Hill and R.G. Hill} they had children and they had to send theirs to private school and they had people that would steal 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Children you know and want big ransom money all that kinda stuff. {D: I don't I'd like to have plenty} to have something to eat, and {X} clothes enough to wear, but I wouldn't want a world of money, cuz {NW} somebody'd be {X} aggravating you all the time kill someone or do something to you. Interviewer: Say if you had a lot of peach trees you'd say you have a peach 330: Lot of fruit. Interviewer: Peach what? If you have a lot of these peach trees. 330: Peach trees Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say well I have a lot of peaches? Interviewer: Yeah. You'd call that 330: Oh peach orchard. Interviewer: Okay. You might ask somebody if that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just a neighbor and he'll point to somebody else and say he's the man 330: He's the man got a fine has a fine orchard Interviewer: Okay. Um you say when I was a child, my father was poor. But next door was a child {NS} 330: Next door what? Interviewer: Next door was a child 330: My father was uh Interviewer: When I was a child, my father was poor. But next door was a child 330: Had plenty. Interviewer: Okay but talking about you want to say that his father is rich 330: Rich Interviewer: You'd say when I was a child my father was poor, but next door was a child 330: Was they was wealthy I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say my mother's not a nurse but I have a friend 330: Is a nurse. Interviewer: Okay but not my friend I'm talking about my friend's mother you'd say my mother's not a nurse, but I have a friend 330: Is is a wouldn't be wouldn't be as a nurse? You say? Interviewer: Yeah. Um would you say I have a friend that her mother's a nurse or I have a friend whose mother's a nurse, or how how would you say that? 330: Well I'd say uh my- my mother has a friend that {X} friend that is a nurse you say that would be? Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the inside of a cherry? The part that you don't eat. 330: Seed? Interviewer: Okay. What about a peach? 330: Would be the same thing, peach seed. Interviewer: Okay. There you know there's one kind of peach where the the flesh is 330: Yeah clear. Clear seed? Interviewer: Okay. Is that easy to get off, or hard? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Easy? 330: Yeah you just {X} peach off of it you know. Take the seed throw the seed away. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And a plum peach is thicker the kind, we called it, I we used to have a red looks like a beet Indian peach we made a peach pickle out of it. Interviewer: Peach pickle? 330: Mm-hmm. I love them better than anything in the world And it'd be red as blood, that we called it the Indian peach. Interviewer: Is a a plum peach hard to get off the 330: Mm-hmm, had to cut it off. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 330: Core. Interviewer: Okay. And when you um cut up apples and dry them you say you're making 330: Cider? Interviewer: When you cut up the apples and dry them 330: Dry oh uh uh what uh you could dry 'em for to make pies out of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um what kind of nuts do you have? {X} 330: Nuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Walnuts and hickories Interviewer: Okay a walnut 330: Pecans Interviewer: Okay. On a walnut you know it's got two coverings on it. 330: Mm-hmm got a hull and a shell. Interviewer: Okay. The hull's the outside? Very outside? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay um what about huh? 330: That that's one that if it's green if you have a ringworm with form on you anywhere or something you can take that walnut, that hull and and scratch it or burst it a little something or other and rub it on that ringworm it'll kill it dead {D: four o'clock} Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 330: #2 But it hurts. # Interviewer: #1 It hurts to put that # 330: #2 Sure sure will. # I imagine it kills {X} too if it got on you. Rubbed it on. But it sure kill that ringworm. I didn't mean to interfere with you but I Interviewer: No no it isn't that's interesting. I never heard that before. 330: I've done it. Got 'em bruise 'em and then just rub it on it. {X} might have to apply maybe two or three times but it'll kill it. You know ringworm you ever you ever had ringworms on you? Interviewer: Uh-uh. 330: Itch they'll itch you come a little place {X} you just worried to death, you gotta do something about it. Interviewer: What if it gets up I've see I've heard of people getting it up in their head 330: I'm I mean it'd be terrible to get {X} if you got one had one on your head you might've had to cut the have your hair cut- Interviewer: #1 your hair cut around it # 330: #2 Yeah # #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 330: I never did have any on my just on my arms and body. Interviewer: What about nuts that grow in the ground? What kinds of nuts are there? 330: Gr- uh that grows down in the ground? Well uh I guess uh {NS} {X} can't think right now of any would they grow in the woods, or just you plant 'em, or Interviewer: Yeah like they have they grow a lot of these in Georgia 330: They do? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Peanuts is the only Interviewer: Okay. 330: Main thing only ones I #1 know of. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # That's what I was thinking of. Is there another name for peanuts? 330: Goobers. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about a nut that is long and sort of flat and sort of shaped like your eye and you might find around Christmas. 330: Uh uh that's a English nut or uh oh I know exactly what you're talking about, yeah. It's black Interviewer: No it's not black. 330: #1 It's not black? # Interviewer: #2 I'm thinking of # something else sort of a blonde shell 330: Blonde shell. Interviewer: I'm thinking of almonds or almonds 330: Almonds? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah I've seen I've I've eaten almonds. But I thought you was talking about that black walnut like it's {D: you've already said that} I don't know what you call it but it's a black nut huh? Interviewer: Brazil nuts? 330: Some kinda funny name I I I like the taste of 'em Interviewer: You ever heard of a another name for those? 330: Uh-uh, I don't guess I ever did. Interviewer: You ever heard of anything called niggertoes? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Well that that's a chocolate candy. What we called niggertoes. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Chocolate little chocolate {NW} balls candy Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: Call 'em, niggertoes that's what I would call nigger- #1 toe. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # I've heard kind of nut. 330: A nut? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 330: #2 Niggertoe. # Interviewer: that kinda black black nut about I think the one you were talking about 330: It might be the one I'm talking about might be I don't know what that is. I haven't seen any of those in years and years. But I have seen 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And they they're bigger on one end than they are the other. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 Kinda # that the kind you- what you're talking about? Interviewer: Yeah I think. 330: And they call 'em niggertoe? Interviewer: I I'd heard that. 330: Well I I I imagine Interviewer: #1 I don't know if they'd say it seriously but # 330: #2 probably. # I imagine that's what it was, cuz I don't know what they call 'em, I haven't seen any in years, but I used to like 'em. But hardly now we don't have pecans and English walnuts just about the only nuts we use {X} to Christmas to fix cakes with and this friend of mine in North Carolina used to bring me two gallon every fall when he came to go to working in tobacco bring two gallon every fall. they grow the big ones, too they really grow 'em out there in North Carolina. {D: and next time I'm gonna get me some} {X} I have some little ones but they're too little, they're too {X} said he's gonna bring me some {D: sprouts} but he never did. Never think about it. {D: 'til he get ready to leave} I think that that pecan they called it pecan pecan Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It's what they called it. That sounds funny to me, hear 'em call it I'd ask him, did you bring me any pecans? Yeah we brought some pecans you know we gonna bring you pecans well I didn't get 'em I come get me a great big sackful Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And they funny oh we we had didn't have to buy any for years and years. This last year first time he missed coming Interviewer: What's a kind of fruit about the size of an apple they grow down in Florida a lot 330: Uh grapefruit? Not grapefruit uh uh uh I'm {NS} say they grow they grow 'em all of 'em grows in Florida? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh {X} Interviewer: You make juice out of it and drink for breakfast 330: Grapefruit? Interviewer: No smaller than grapefruit. 330: Grapefruit just it's- it's a small? Interviewer: It's about the size of an apple. 330: It just slipped my mind, I can't remember seeing anything like that. {X} Interviewer: What about or- 330: Huh? Interviewer: Oranges? 330: Oranges? Tangerines, tangerines yeah. Interviewer: I was thinking of the other one, or- 330: Huh? Interviewer: I was thinking of that other one. 330: Tangerine? Interviewer: No. 330: Oranges? Interviewer: Yeah. Suppose you had a a bowl of these standing somewhere and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are 330: Gone? Interviewer: Okay. Um and um 330: Tangerines I like tangerines, they they uh I really like them better than I do oranges. Interviewer: Yeah. They're 330: Good, I think. But the oranges that you eat that you pick ripe are hundred to one better than we buy here in our country. You know get 'em off trees ripe? Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: I've had people bring some come down there off the tree and they just a hundred to one better than what we have here that they we get it was picked green, you know, and let 'em ripen {X} bring this kinda sour Interviewer: Um you say um he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 330: Couldn't eat the piece of meat? Interviewer: Yeah. Now he could chew it but he couldn't 330: Couldn't swallow it? Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do people smoke, made out of tobacco? 330: Cigarettes? Interviewer: Okay. What else? 330: Cigars. Interviewer: Okay. Um if someone offered to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I don't wanna be 330: Get in the habit of it? Interviewer: Okay would you say I don't wanna be beholden or I don't want to be obligated 330: Obligated to Interviewer: Okay. Um someone asks you if you were able to do a certain thing, and you say sure, I do it. Sure, I 330: I yeah sure I can do it. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh or someone says can you and you say no I 330: Don't feel like it. Or don't don't don't care to try it or #1 something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah or you'd say # Or I'd like to but I just 330: Not able to to do it. Interviewer: Or I just ca- 330: Ain't up to it. Interviewer: Okay they say can you? And you say no I 330: No I I just can't do it today. Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Don't have time, I reckon in my time I don't have time to do a lot of stuff, I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: My wife says I can do what I want to, but I can't always have something to be done, I don't get it done, all of it. Interviewer: Yeah. You're kept pretty busy I guess. 330: Yeah gotta mow the yard, work the gardens truck patches {D: see to our} fences and cattle and only I don't get around to 'em all. See to it all, see to 'em every day. Interviewer: Yeah. What's truck truck patches? #1 What's that? # 330: #2 Mm-hmm, yeah. # 330: I plant you know beans and corn, pumpkins Interviewer: To sell? 330: I made now just to eat. We have peas, we have all kinda pea patches and we don't got a bunch planted and plant another bunch. and the next week parcel I don't know we'll have to get 'em planted and we'll have it 'til the freeze ca- come and gets 'em in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's the way I try to have 'em every year. All year I go to picking drying 'em put up sacks and shell 'em {X} to plant again another year. Just all do over again. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay you'd say in a dangerous situation he what to be careful, he 330: Say what? Interviewer: In a dangerous situation, a person what to be careful 330: He to not get hurt, I'd think Interviewer: Yeah. 330: If you don't be careful or mighty careful I would he's liable to get hurt seriously or something like that. Interviewer: So you say he he belongs to be careful, he ought to be careful 330: He oughta be careful or he'll get hurt himself. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you what 330: I dare you but I bet you are scared to scared to Interviewer: Okay. You'd say I bet you {X} or I bet you daren't or don't dare or how would you say that? 330: Well I I'd say well uh I I would dare you to go through there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh and then he'd say well I will and you say well I don't believe it you're too scared to go. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's what I'd say. I believe that's the same thing. Would that be sufficient? Interviewer: Yeah. Um say if a boy got a whipping and you'd say well I bet he did something he 330: didn't have any business doing. Interviewer: Okay. Or using the word ought you'd say 330: Ought not have done. Interviewer: Okay. If someone asks you would you do that? And you say no no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just 330: I just can't do it. Interviewer: Or I just 330: Won't do it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say you'd been doing some hard work all by yourself and all the time a friend of yours was just standing around watching you without helping when you get through you might go up to him and say now you know instead of just standing there you know you might 330: Might might need help to do it Interviewer: Or would you say you might might have helped might how would you say that? 330: I don't {D: know if} I got the real meaning now Interviewer: Say you've been working, and it was hard work. And you could have used some help and then when you're through, you'd go up and say now instead of you just standing there 330: You could have helped me do it. Or do this job. Interviewer: Okay. Um if someone asked you if you're able to do something some work you say well I'm not sure but I might 330: I'll try. Interviewer: Okay would you say I might could? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah. I guess you would. I I might could, I'll try Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see and the kind of bird that sees in the dark. What do you call that? 330: Owl. Interviewer: Okay. There are two kinds, aren't there? 330: Hoot owl and screech owl. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 330: Peckerwood. Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Woodchuck some call it. Interviewer: Woodchuck? 330: Yeah some of 'em call it woodchuck but I call 'em peckerwood. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They you know red headed Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just stop and hit that tree like that and just {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 330: they get juice out of that. They run in our apple trees and sugar trees too. Interviewer: What's sugar trees? 330: These out here maples out there in my yard. Interviewer: #1 Front # 330: #2 Yeah # yard. They peck holes all in 'em. Interviewer: Do you ever use that word peckerwood talking about people? 330: Yeah I've heard it called that peckerwood Interviewer: What does it mean? 330: It it {NW} I think it means sorta some mischief he did, #1 or something or other. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # It's not really bad to call a person 330: No, it wouldn't be too bad, he's just done some little mischief and you say that peckerwood done so and so. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've heard it said quite a few times like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Wife: Can't you stay and have lunch with us today? Interviewer: Well if y'all are ready to eat Wife: We won't be but a few minutes {X} Interviewer: Okay we're just about through Wife: {X} 330: {X} walked out on the steps {X} steps try and come up I didn't think about it. He wasn't he never had been scared of nothing just wasn't {X} scared of anything {NS} only way in the world I {X} this this granary had a metal tin top on it and I had 'em hit {NS} that and he must have thought that thing was coming through {X} when you blow it so {X} wasn't no {C: rooster crowing} I don't expect was as much as fifty feet from the track {X} {D: but he know} {X} {X} but that guy reached up and pull that whistle down scared him to death {NS} well where were we at when you were signed off? Interviewer: Um talking about animals {C: rooster crows} um this is a kind of black and white animal, and it's got a real strong smell. 330: Pole cat skunks. Interviewer: Okay. They're the same thing? Pole cat 330: Some of 'em call 'em pole cat, some skunk yeah skunks. {X} Interviewer: Okay um suppose some animals had been coming and getting your hens um you didn't know what kind they were 330: {D: what was getting 'em} {C: rooster crows} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: rooster crows} 330: Be more than likely be a possum. Get 'em at night. I guess what what I'd say be a possum. This dog of mine ain't no telling how many he's killed up there, but hen house at night. Interviewer: Really? 330: Yeah he carries 'em {X} in there try to get the hens. He he smells 'em he gets usually gets one of 'em he smell he got the best scent I {X} nose I ever saw course that's that bird dog #1 you know, mother. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: They have the best scent on earth. They can smell stuff that no other dog can even think about smelling. And they all go crazy after chickens, too, birds this nasty {X} you know never did see a bird dog that wouldn't kill a chicken. Little chicken. Interviewer: Yeah. Bird dogs like them okay but suppose some animals had been coming and getting your hens and maybe it was a possum, maybe it was something else. You'd you didn't know exactly what it was but but you might say I'm gonna get me a gun and kill those 330: Uh I'm gonna kill those varmints. Get those varmints, whatever you call {X} I guess I'll say I'll have to kill 'em. Interviewer: What does the word varmint mean? 330: Some just a I guess just a some kinda like you said an animal just could be a fox or could be a a pole cat could be a possum or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Coon or anything. Could be. #1 You know whatever # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: was getting 'em, you'd just have to guess at it. But we usually my we most time it's a possum. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I think skunks eat you know do, too, I believe they catch chick small chickens I'd guarantee that they would. But I don't know whether they catch old ones or not. Interviewer: You wouldn't say that rats and mice are varmints, would you? 330: No, that'd be a different wouldn't it be under a different something else? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: Um what about something that'll get up in the treetops this little bushy tail down 330: Coon? Interviewer: No it's real plain thing you 330: #1 Squirrel? # Interviewer: #2 see in the # City 330: #1 Squirrel? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. What kinds of squirrels are there? 330: Well I see fox squirrels here in my lawn and then they have gray ones too but I haven't had gray ones, I got the two little fox squirrels two old fox squirrels living with their young Interviewer: #1 yeah # 330: #2 they # come all around the house, set up bark eat corn with the chickens, and dogs run out sometimes get excited cuz they think they're gonna catch one of 'em, he just jumps up over 'em Interviewer: What color is the fox squirrel? 330: They're look like a groundhog reddish. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: White little white streak down the face. Old ones they got a white streak down the front face like that Interviewer: What about something smaller than a squirrel? It has a little can't really climb a tree 330: Ground squirrels? Interviewer: Yeah what do they look like? 330: Uh they uh they fly they got a they can fly. Interviewer: They can? 330: Yeah. They'll fly now that's what I'm what I got in mind is a ground squirrel, can fly. He He'll fly if you get crowding him {X} go somewhere else. And they'll fly tree to tree and just go right on in. Little they're small. They look sorta like a bat. Family like. Interviewer: yeah 330: Ground squirrels do. Interviewer: Are they the ones with that little white stripe down its back? 330: Mm-hmm. {NS} That's what I've seen 'em I've seen a lot of different there may be some several different kinds but they're they're no good for anything that I know of. At all Interviewer: yeah 330: but they we have a few of 'em. You don't see too many. Really rare as a thing to see. Ground squirrel. Interviewer: Um have you ever heard of a boomer? 330: Boomer. Interviewer: Yeah a squirrel called a boomer. 330: No I never have {C: tape distorts} called boomer Interviewer: What sort of fish do you get around here? 330: Well we get uh a blue cat {D: how cat} yellow cat bass rock bass trout suckers little mud cats sun perch crappie blue gills um that's about I guess that's getting close to 'em {X} might be some a few I missed but I reckon Interviewer: #1 yeah # 330: #2 I # named most of 'em. {NS} Interviewer: Um what do pearls come in? 330: What do what? Interviewer: Pearls come in 330: Coals Interviewer: Pearls 330: Coals Interviewer: No pearls it's it grow in these things that 330: Oh pearls you #1 said? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: Yeah uh they come in shells. Interviewer: What kinda shells? 330: Um well {X} some of 'em they they get 'em out of these uh things you get out of the ocean what do you call 'em oysters? Oysters I guess, oyster shells. Interviewer: Okay. Um and this is something that you might hear making a noise around the pond at night. 330: Frogs bull frogs Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} you ever see any of 'em? Interviewer: I think so. Big old 330: People eat 'em. I I never I never we never did I never did kill mine I've got some up well got one I got a couple of ponds up there on the one {D: highway just getting dirt in 'em} {X} get me any {D: and dug one now beneath the pond} they dug the pond from it and I've heard some up there I bet you as big as big as my hat nearly. They holler {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} {X} some of these boys get 'em overnight Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They go up there with a flashlight and gig 'em Interviewer: When will they get 'em? 330: Gig 'em with a flashlight Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Little gig little prongs on it, and they'll get up over that {X} catch 'em like that put 'em in the sack and bring 'em in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They have frog supper then. Interviewer: When when do they go get 'em? 330: Usually little I reckon along about now {X} usually this time of the year when they go to catching 'em sometime after it gets get a little warmer we don't I never did fool with 'em at all. I've caught 'em {X} for fish and throw 'em out {X} when I was young Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: When river {X} pulls the two of us one on each end {D: same the staff} and pull it come up we have a whole bunch of good fish in there take 'em out grow it on wouldn't take long to fill a sack full. Interviewer: How how would you do that now you'd 330: {D: saint neck} that's a great big wide neck and one pull one end out and one the other they go across the water we always tried to have one on each end of us to drive two keep 'em front of us, they'd get up we'd go up the bank, come up really happen. Interviewer: How would you get the net 330: Get to it Interviewer: How big was the net? 330: #1 Oh around # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: twenty thirty foot long something like that. Twenty thirty I have had one forty. Interviewer: Do you have weights on it? 330: Weighed the water Mm-hmm just catch hold of it like this hands down low and up and hand it up to the top to keep it out try to keep it from jumping over they'd jump over these bass and trout {X} hold it up over the water you'd have to keep block 'em in course catfish and most any other kind didn't, weren't no trouble, you just gonna {X} pick 'em up but those trout would jump it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Fly through the air. More like a bullet. Interviewer: What about a kind of frog that's it's small and doesn't get um doesn't get much bigger than this 330: Tadpoles? Frogs? Interviewer: No maybe it stays up in a tree or 330: Oh tree frog? Interviewer: Tree frog. 330: Tree frog. Yeah there's tree frogs. And there's toad frogs too. Interviewer: Are they on land? 330: Mm-hmm. I tell you what I did day before yesterday I can remember as old as I am I don't think I've ever seen anything like that before I went down to the store for something was coming back up the road and a big turtle was coming up the road crawling. Down down below here. I started to run over then I said no poor fellow he's gonna he's gonna hunt water somewhere you just going on up the road, highway. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't have no idea where he went to. I never did see one out on the highway traffic before in my life Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh they go in the sand lay their eggs and I don't know how long it takes 'em to hatch but then they'll hatch and go to water. Usually. I got some springs up there on the beef calf lot and uh I've seen 'em out a lot of times and get 'em out of the spring and they go down in the bottom in the spring you know lay their eggs. Get them bigger ones out. But I never have killed any of 'em, only leave 'em put 'em back. Interviewer: Yeah. What's something similar to that that stays on land? 330: Terrapins? Dry land terrapins? Mm-hmm. Terrapin. Stays out on land. Looks kinda like that turtle Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Little back hard shell on his back. Interviewer: tell me about something that you might find in a um find in a stream that's it's got a little hard shell and it's got these little claws to it. 330: Eel? Interviewer: No it's got it's got a hard shell and claws. If you touched it's only about this big or something it's biggest well maybe it'd get to be this big but you um if you touched it it'll swim away from you {X} tail that'll go under {C: tape distorts} 330: {C: tape distorts} can't imagine what that would be. A eel Interviewer: No okay say say you went and into a stream and picked up a rock what might you find 330: Oh crawfish Interviewer: #1 crawfish # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: yeah crawfish yeah {D: best thing stream or water} {X} springs they'll keep 'em cleaned out for you. They met sometimes they have no {X} the water. Crawfish will. Dig a place dip 'em and turn your water. Interviewer: What do you mean turn your water? 330: Just turn the stream it runs under earth you know water veins just like it runs on the on the top Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh sometimes they'll change a stream #1 crawfish # Interviewer: #2 Oh really? # 330: will yeah. They just work I could dig could go down there with concrete boxes for mine by the water comes out then goes in then goes in the reservoir best big {X} things as big setting in there now as big as your fist now. They come up in them pipes and run off in there Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They can't get out. Just live in there. {C: tape overlaid} And as far as I'm concerned they can just stay on Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Don't ever try to get 'em out. Interviewer: What about what about what you'd dig up to go fishing 330: Bait worms. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of those? 330: Well they call 'em a a crawler and uh something else, two different names. Interviewer: What's a crawler look like? 330: It's a it's a a it's a I think it's a I believe that's a little larger bait worm. It is. Some of 'em are smaller, you know, and others are and I believe the crawler is the is the larger one. I believe it is I may have 'em reversed reversed, I don't know. One of 'em is a crawler, and the other is a might be just called a bait worm, I don't know. And they call one of 'em a crawler. I know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Course we bought some the other day went fishing in the lake. I usually go once a year or something take off we went that whole day Monday caught some blue cat and he called 'em crawlers and and I've heard it said sneakers or slickers or something or other {X} we bought two different boxes anyway. That's what we caught our cat with. Interviewer: Um this is something you might find you well you find in the ocean or the gulf it's um it's a little sea animal it's not a fish exactly. It's got 330: Frog fish? Interviewer: No what's a frog fish? 330: I caught one out there in the ocean said there's a frog fish some guy I was afraid to take the thing off, I never seen nothing look like it. Interviewer: What did it blow blow itself up? 330: Uh-huh. #1 That that would be a a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: it it it looks like kinda like a frog part of it and #1 part of it looks like # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: fish Interviewer: Yeah. 330: This one did. And and and I never seen 'em, I told I wouldn't think to take it off the hook this fellow fishing there lived there right below me he'd taken it off. He called it a frog fish, I don't know {X} Interviewer: There's some of those that are poison. That they're they're really dangerous. That they sell to put in aquariums? And I've seen 'em one about two or three inches long, and you could hardly tell he'd just be down at the bottom. But he was really 330: #1 Deadly # Interviewer: #2 {X} # If you stepped on him or something. 330: Deadly part. Interviewer: yeah 330: Well this fellow the man and his wife were fishing right below me Robert he was a boy he'd buy his tobacco with us we would go out there together. And he was sitting right below me then this friend {X} I was staying with he was right up above me. I caught that thing then uh I caught a flounder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You should have saw those. #1 Flounder? they eat # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: They eat they're good eating fish. And that was the funniest looking thing that ever I seen in my life. I couldn't get the I was pulling {NS} {X} and got up in the {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And this fellow told me right below me fishermen lived there he said if I let him he'd just land him he's got him out. I was just trying to drag him out. you know with my line. I thought it was gonna be big. And that one that thing didn't like I didn't like the looks of it at all, I never had caught one, never seen one. Interviewer: Both eyes on his 330: {X} On his #1 on that side. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Yeah. How'd you catch him? With a hook? 330: Hook yeah. Interviewer: I've been down Mississippi they go out and they'll a certain time of year they'll come in and you go out in water it's only about knee deep or so and you take your light and and a little spear thing and you just try to jab 'em. 330: You just gig 'em in like we do with #1 frogs. # Interviewer: #2 But you gotta # watch it because you might get a stingray. You know those black things with the tail? They look the same almost, from a distance. 330: I never did I never have had too much dealing with the ocean. I don't aim to have much more dealing with it either Interviewer: #1 Not having a boat # 330: #2 {D: I'm gonna let somebody else} # Interviewer: Trip, huh? 330: Somebody had {X} Interviewer: What about something that you'd buy it's white and it's got a little thin shell on it and the way they catch it is they go out and take these nets drag these nets and catch a lot of 'em. And now you can buy it in a store. Probably frozen. Or if it was fresh it'd have the the shell on it but 330: That that's a crabs? That crab? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of something else. {X} They drag with a net. You could use it for bait, too. 330: Is that right? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 330: It would be a snail or some kinda thing Interviewer: No I'm thinking of shrimp 330: Shrimp oh it'd be shrimp? Is it shrimp? All the people my boys has crazy things about those everything in the world, I never did {D: care about those} but he he eats 'em every time he goes to town, near about. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Shrimp. Interviewer: You'd go to the store say and ask for two or three pounds of 330: Shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay now these are some insects um it's a thing they'll fly around a light and try to fly into it. 330: Outside light? Interviewer: If you grab 'em, powder will come off in your hand. 330: That's that's lightning bug. Interviewer: No I'm thinking of something else, so it's attracted to light. So if you left your porch light on outside they'd come up there and fly all around 330: Uh Interviewer: And if you grabbed it this powder would come off you know? 330: And it wouldn't be it ain't lightning bugs it ain't it's a is it some kinda big fly? {X} Interviewer: Sort of I guess 330: Huh? Interviewer: I guess. 330: Sort of like a butterfly? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I know I've seen a great big butterflies like fly around out out there at night now that may not be what you Interviewer: You ever heard of a candle fly or a milner 330: Mm-mm. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Caterpillars candle flies Interviewer: What's a candle fly? 330: Candle fly? That's sort of like uh sorta like that butterfly and caterpillars is a same as a worm like {NS} and eats leaves off fruit trees or any kind of trees if they can get on it. Most stay on fruit trees though. Caterpillars build a nest in there {X} just a big uh looks like a anything else only it's it's a {X} around and they go in it. And build it now and they have a hole to come out of and they'll eat every one of those leaves off the fruit tree if you don't get 'em burn 'em get off of 'em. Pull it off. Kill your trees. Interviewer: What'll get in your wool clothes and eat holes in 'em? 330: Uh moth. Moths. Interviewer: What what would you do to get rid of them? 330: Get moth balls and put in 'em Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something you might find around the oh around damp places, it's it's an insect, it's got two pairs of shiny wings and it's um it's got a long thin beak hard hard beak and it's got well you just find it flying around and around a stream or some place 330: Mosquitos? Interviewer: No it's supposed to eat mosquitos. 330: It is? Interviewer: Yeah. Some people would say this is 330: Hornet? Interviewer: Huh? 330: Hornet? Interviewer: No so this is something people would say that this is a sign that snakes are nearby. 330: Uh {X} sign that snakes is in your barn? Interviewer: Um you ever heard of a snake some kind of insect called snake something snake 330: Lizards? Interviewer: You ever heard of snake doctors? 330: #1 Yeah yeah I've seen snake doctors they say # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: snake doctors is the little black {NS} uh uh looks like a wasp thing flies around out in the lot you know places Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: I've seen 'em all my life. We called 'em snake doctors. Interviewer: Snake doctors. 330: Mm-hmm. That's what I've always #1 called 'em. # Interviewer: #2 How many # wings do they have? 330: Just two. Two wings. Interviewer: Is that the same as do you know what a dragonfly is? 330: {X} a what? Interviewer: Dragonfly? 330: No I never have heard Interviewer: Or mosquito hawk or 330: I I never have seen no mosquitos till I went up there to North Carolina, they like to eat me up out there at night. {D: they had to spray on me} every night Interviewer: Yeah. What kinda insects will sting you? 330: Wasp hornet bee bumblebee and and honeybee and and uh Interviewer: What about something that'll build a nest on the ground? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What about something that'll build a nest 330: That's yellow jackets. Interviewer: Yellow jacket. 330: {NW} {X} they'll eat you up I had 'em right here a bunch of 'em in my yard right here I think it's last year Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I like never got them things whipped out I had to tear the wall down out there get 'em out and they'd try to eat me up. They kept stinging the children you know grandchildren and they'd carry on so I just tore the wall down {C: tape noise} got 'em got the thingy nest outta there. Great big nest I reckon it was that big back in there and they I think I had 'em {X} had 'em all killed I swear I'd got 'em I getting me a lot of newspapers set the fire and just put it out there then stun 'em up and they'd fly right into that and it'd burn 'em just that Interviewer: #1 quick you know hit 'em # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: and but then then they'd after my newspapers burn up {C: rooster crows} here come more {C: rooster crows} {X} bring some in there to eat 'em feed 'em you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then what would would get me oh they fight you and bite you {C: rooster crows} and sting too I guess the yellow jacket is the worst thing you'd have to deal with. The way they sting you, bite you. Interviewer: What about something that might build a nest at the corner of a barn or something? 330: Wasps. Corner of the barn. Interviewer: What was that? 330: Wasp. Red wasp. Build a nest all over Interviewer: yeah 330: barn they do up in he barn. They sting, too. Interviewer: How many how many of them would say be in a nest? 330: Wasps? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They fill that nest full of their eggs and they hatch. It's a great big they'll I've seen 'em as big as my two hands {X} if you don't tear 'em down. I try to keep 'em tear 'em down. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know how many they would hatch if you didn't tear it down but I've had 'em all and I've seen 'em in trees hanging in trees as big as your head. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: but anymore we put in hay you got to be put ticks don't they'll eat you up up in there. They only rafters where they build 'em you know tin sheet something or other {X} in the top of the barn, where they usually try to build 'em. Now you may be talking about something else Interviewer: No that's what I was thinking of. Have you ever been stung by one? 330: Yeah makes you sometimes it makes you sick enough to die. Some people Annie's got a brother had to carry him to the doctor every time one stings him, just goes out. But they never did they hurt but I mean they never have bo- they'll swell me up if they sting me in the face, or on the hand further way up but other than that I never did Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Always just get something put on it. Interviewer: And you call those 330: Wasps. Interviewer: Okay. What about something that'll build a little mud nest? 330: A mud nest? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Is that a kind of a bee like you're talking about #1 or is it # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: about a bird? Interviewer: Sort of a bee. 330: A bee? That's a a Interviewer: Like on the other side of a rock or something you have a big old rock in like those little cones sort of {X} 330: pardon like I said that yellow jacket builds in the ground or rocks or tree in a hole #1 tree hole or # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: something or other like that, but you want something else Interviewer: It's kind of a wasp, I guess. 330: A yellow jacket is looks kind of like one {C: tape noise} stripe across his body. {C: tape noise} Yellow jacket got a lot of just full of stripes. He's not quite as big as a wasp he's a little #1 smaller. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # This thing'll take pull dirt 330: Oh that dirt dauber. Interviewer: Dirt dauber. 330: {NW} Dirt daubers, yeah. {NW} yeah they build nests uh {X} #1 thing # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: yeah but what I what I had in mind was a there's a bird, too barn swallows. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. They build they got a nest down there in over one of my lights in the barn. {X} I know they raise 'em every year, might raise twice a year. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They already done build a nest over that light but build it again, I tear 'em down every fall. But they raise that once or twice every year. And it looks sort of pretty much like a chimney sweeper. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They go in there and get this mud and they come up there and they just just smear it on. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Rub it on. And they'll keep on till they get it fixed like they want and then they lay eggs in it the mother'll lay eggs in there and they hatch out. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And she'll get up there and sit up on that light and feed them birds. Beats anything I ever seen. That nest'll get bigger she take some leaves chimney sweeper will come up in that chimney they probably {X} build some nests regular chimney sweepers up in my chimney. Usually do every summer. I have 'em fall down pick 'em up and throw 'em out Interviewer: Do dirt daubers sting you? 330: Uh-uh, they won't sting you. Never had no {X} Interviewer: Talking about something that you might get on you if you went blackberry picking a little tiny red thing 330: {NW} ah little ol' chiggers. Now that's something pretty rough Interviewer: Is it? 330: Yeah they they scratch you to death now {D: do me I} that's what we gonna have nothing {X} our blackberries have been history I guess course it you know it takes {X} to make 'em {X} {X} it's good I bought a a big jar of blackberry jam yesterday now we've been eating it some I bought I hadn't picked any berries I have a daughter lives in Memphis she every July they take a when her husband get three weeks of vacation and they take one in July one in Christmas one in Thanksgiving. And uh he comes and {X} usually but then the berries last year they dried up at the wrong time they by the time there wasn't any {X} wasn't many of 'em either last year. But now there's an {D: awful lot} of 'em this year. Some don't {X} I like I like the jam and I like the berries, too. Jelly, anything. I really like it jelly. Plums, we have plum trees, I got some {X} wild ones but now they year before last I bet I had fifty bushels of plums. Last year we didn't have any. This time there's there's just killed 'em all, practically, but there's a few scattered left I believe they're gonna be {X} Interviewer: Anything on your what? 330: Faulty, no good. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They just drop off. They I notice they're dropping off now. I don't believe we're gonna have any kind of fruit. At all Interviewer: Yeah. This is an insect that um hops around in the grass 330: Grasshoppers? Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear that called hopper grass? 330: Hopper grass? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I don't know I don't know that I ever heard it called hopper grass but I know about that grasshopper hops around Interviewer: Yeah. What about a small fish that you might use for bait? 330: Just a little bitty minnows Interviewer: Okay. 330: I have {X} for free uh used to be one fellow did dead now, died several years ago. Used to come every year before he went fishing a lot he had a little minnow net he'd go down here in my creek he'd catch a great big sackful of it and take off be gone fishing three or four days and nights. Really get 'em. I guess that's what you referring #1 to # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: course we {X} crawfish like 'em too you know you could go in lakes and catch crawfish {X} I've been uh those Interviewer: Um say if you hadn't cleaned a room in a long time 330: Hadn't done what? Interviewer: If you hadn't cleaned a room in a long time up in the ceiling in the corner you might find a 330: Webs? Spider webs? Interviewer: Spider web? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that another name for that? 330: Well some of 'em might call might call 'em cobwebs, I I believe I've heard people call 'em cobwebs Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I always called 'em just webs spiders build 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Are there spiders living in it then? 330: Yeah I guess they do {D: if you hang it up there} Interviewer: What do you call it when it's outside? Same thing? 330: Mm-hmm yeah I reckon they do build 'em outside you'll see 'em they'll build 'em at night. I've seen 'em put 'em up at night tear 'em down the next morning they'll be up there again. But they'll put 'em back that night, I don't know how they do it. But they do it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: One night they'll build 'em right back. Around the barn Interviewer: Um the part of the tree that's underneath the ground what do you call those? The 330: The root. Interviewer: Okay um I think I asked you this, so whether or not you use some roots for medicine 330: Mm-hmm. Make herbs out of it uh {C: tape noise} I don't know they dig 'em {C: tape noise} I forget what what they call 'em what kind you dig or sassafras roots sa- or saffron make tea dig roots you know have you ever drink {D: sarsaparilla} tea Interviewer: Uh-uh. 330: Well they make they make it I don't like it I've tasted it lot of folks though do drink the stuff instead of drinking tea in the wintertime, and coffee drink {D: sassafras tea} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Dig up them roots and boil 'em and get make tea out of it. And this now and then there's something else you said about there's another kind of something else? Got in mind except for sassafras? Interviewer: No I was just wondering whatever you know you can you know think of, whatever kinds of roots that you remember 330: That's the only root that I know of. It makes makes tea, but uh they they've got they've got another a root uh something that that they get make some kinda medicine out of it. Interviewer: Ginseng? 330: Well the ginseng is {X} I forget how much a pound they do get for it but uh that might have something to do with it, but seems to me like there's another one Interviewer: Yellow root? 330: That don't sound right maybe there might I'm thinking there was another root {NS} Interviewer: {X} you ever heard of squaw vine or {D: sorrow root} 330: Uh no I don't believe I ever have heard Interviewer: Okay you know the kind of tree that you tap for syrup 330: Sugar tree Interviewer: What if you had a group of these growing together? 330: Sugar trees? Interviewer: Yeah a whole a big group of these. 330: What if I had 'em? Interviewer: Yeah what would you call that? 330: Grove maple grove. Interviewer: Okay. And what what are some of the common trees around here? 330: Around here {D: loafers} elms beech hickory willow and uh uh sweet gum we used to have a chestnut {C: tape noise} we don't now don't have anymore well there's a few scattered now get scattered through the country very few. I guess that's about all I they I'm sure there's more of 'em I recall a poplar Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Walnut Interviewer: What about a a tree that's got um it's a shade tree that's got long white limbs and scaly bark it's got these little knobs of balls on it 330: Scaly bark tree? Scaly they called it scaly bark? Uh hickory. #1 Scaly bark hickory # Interviewer: #2 what about # #1 This one # 330: #2 {D: we had we called} # Interviewer: that's got little um balls on it about this big 330: Well now that that's a a {D: wait just a minute now} hickory tree, I call it. Hickory. Interviewer: What about syc- sycamore? 330: Huh? #1 Sycamore # Interviewer: #2 sycamore # 330: yeah we have sycamores. Mm-hmm that's what you were speaking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I didn't recall 'em. Yeah. Sycamore grows in water. By water. Wherever you wherever you see a sycamore tree there's water ain't very far {X} don't know whether you knew it or not #1 or been told but # Interviewer: #2 no I- # 330: whenever you find a sycamore tree growing, you dig down, you'll get water won't be far from it. Be water close to it. They won't grow on up land where it's dry. Interviewer: Okay um what kind of tree did George Washington cut down? 330: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay um this is a shrub or bush it's got it's sort of tall, it's got it turns bright red in the fall you might find it along fences um it's got little clusters of berries on it 330: Um say it's got has b- b- ha- berries puts out berries? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh would it be blue uh blueberries? Interviewer: Little red berries 330: Red berry? Interviewer: Some people can't eat 'em. Um it's it's a shrub or bush and the leaves turn bright red in the fall and you might find it along a fence or a road growing on a fence it's got little red bunches of 330: Little red bud at the top Interviewer: Bunch 330: #1 Bunch. # Interviewer: #2 little # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # little red berries 330: Dog dogwood? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of {D: soo or shoe} {X} 330: Huh? Interviewer: Sumac or sumac 330: Sumac? There's a sumac. They have a tassel on it but I didn't see know it had any berries on it dogwood has berries on it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But you don't eat 'em. And this one this one you talking about has berries that people eat? Interviewer: I don't think people can eat 'em. I don't know. Some folks {X} 330: Well um there is a there is a smaller one that has berries and they get black out there turn black and they call 'em {D: halls} I I've eat those the berries I like 'em. Interviewer: Never heard of those. 330: Well I've eaten many of those. Berries {D: halls} good I think Interviewer: What kind of bush does that grow on? 330: It's small, not too big tree small little Interviewer: What's the name of the tree? 330: Uh we call 'em {D: haws} #1 Haw # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: trees I guess we call it. Just a berry #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: I've eaten many of 'em Interviewer: What other kind of berries 330: Hmm? Interviewer: What other kind of berries are there? 330: Well I guess that you mean what other kinda berries are there that just a berry? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well blackberries and raspberries and and uh gooseberries and strawberries Interviewer: Okay Um this is a kind of bush what kind of bush or vines will make your your skin break out if you touch it? 330: Poison oak. Interviewer: What does that look like? How many leaves does it 330: It's just a little {X} leaf Interviewer: A little what? 330: Forked leaf little forked leaf looks like a {X} pretty much like a grapevine only it's different like #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: they'll break out on you I've had break out all over me and it gets I've seen I believe {X} kill some people gets it on 'em don't get something done body yeah I've seen several got in terrible shape. By getting it on their body, you know go all over. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I have some a little out there on my wall, I try to clean it all out last year my grandchildren got to getting out there playing got it on 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I took down and pulled it out dug it out but I think it's a little bit more come back out there. {X} Well just nuisance you know you don't need part no {X} Interviewer: Anything else like that? 330: No that's the only kind of well course we have grapevines Interviewer: Yeah 330: Wild grapevines you know summer and winter {D: they put my} they run up trees #1 have have # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: grape fall of year on 'em just the vine then they have a vine here sat out on these highways I don't know what they call that. you know the whole land you've seen 'em I know land keep watching on the highways they look like sweet potato leaves growing only they just cover the whole country up keep all the dirt hill {X} looks like a sweet potato leaf on 'em Interviewer: I think I know what you're talking about. 330: You you've seen 'em #1 I expect. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Do they just sort of take over? 330: I know down yeah uh they put 'em on these I think start 'em on these places where their water little highways and it's you know {X} or something they set 'em out and they just wrap up that take that whole side of the road highway Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I think I've seen down in west Tennessee they have down in there {X} it just everywhere {D: everywhere you go through} {D: is a little grade I saw} it's leveled, it ain't like {X} them places is just just grows up all over the country there prettiest sight you ever seen, look like sweet potato leaves Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But they'll hold your land always had some {X} creeper of mine breaking off sliding off creep go some other way I'm gonna have to have something done about it this summer. Interviewer: Um say if you were walking through the woods and saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better be careful now, those berries might be 330: Poison. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Yeah there there's a berry I'd say I've always heard there's spots of 'em {X} little girl {D: mother we had now} in the yard had a little red berry, looks pretty much like a strawberry Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And it's called {X} {D: uh Mister John that's} that's wild strawberries, they're good. Them good, says ain't no harm in them I said Dee you better not eat that thing, that thing's poison. I been told that my whole life I see 'em I've seen some here in my yard. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They I've always heard they'll kill you. And he thought they just plain old wild strawberries I said no {X} there is a wild strawberry grows in the woods but that that thing is is uh always heard my all my life it's poison. Been told that told all my life it's poison. I wouldn't want to eat one I can pull up a little vine out there in the yard and show you. I {X} some out there in my yard {X} in my yard I know some of 'em. Interviewer: What do they look like? 330: Just look like little red strawberry. They they uh strawberry the berry comes on 'em when they get bigger now the vine looks like a strawberry vine Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape overlaid} just exactly like the other {C: tape noise} if you didn't know the difference that's what did someone told me said yeah them wild strawberries I know Mister John {X} they're good. They're better than the ones we buy. I just yeah a lot of 'em is my my father used to buy 'em had an old fellow in North Carolina he'd pick six eight gallon every year out in the woods and bring down sell 'em to my father Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Fifty cents a gallon then. When I was a little fellow and the best berries in the world. Course they didn't get no bigger than end of your finger there maybe not hardly that big but they're as sweet as sugar you know. I think that old son he picks 'em every night Interviewer: Um this is a kind of bush or shrub it's got um I think it'll grow along water, along a stream. And it's got pink and white flowers on it. Clusters of flowers. Pink and white. 330: Pink pink and white flowers on the bush Interviewer: Yeah clusters of it. And it blooms in the late spring. 330: Late spring. Dogwoods? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of you ever heard of laurel or ivy or spoonwood or something like that? 330: I I've heard of ivy growing in in the woods Interviewer: What's what's that? 330: It's got it has a big bloom on it it's a vine like runs up a tree Interviewer: Yeah. It's in it's a bush though. 330: That's what I say I Interviewer: You never heard mountain laurel, or laurel, or spoon {X} or spoonwood, something like that? 330: No, I never heard of it in this country I don't know may be some #1 but I've never # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: heard of it. Interviewer: You ever heard rhododendron? 330: {D: dendron} Interviewer: Rhododendron. 330: Uh-uh. Never have heard of that. Interviewer: Okay this is a large tree it's got shiny leaves and big white flowers on it it's a big old tree. And I know there are some around here. It's got it leaves a prickly seed pod about the size and shape of a cucumber. It's got these big white flowers on it though. Do you know what that's called? 330: It's you big large tree? Interviewer: Yeah. It'll grow to be real big. I mean it you see some of 'em that are real old. 330: {C: tape overlaid} {D: Well I just to tell you} well I don't know what Interviewer: You ever heard of magnolia 330: #1 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 or cucumber tree? # 330: I've heard of magnolia tree heard of it Interviewer: Does that sound like what 330: Probably is, I never did I don't ever know what one was but I've heard of magnolia trees. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of cucumber tree or cow cumber? 330: No. Never heard of it. Interviewer: Okay um if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something, she'd say I have to ask 330: My husband. Interviewer: Okay. Any other way she'd refer to him? 330: Well I'd have to get his advice his advice about it or something before she'd make up her mind, Interviewer: yeah 330: {D: something about that} Interviewer: And if he was talking about her, he'd say I have to ask 330: My wife. Interviewer: Okay. A woman huh? 330: Before I do it, I'll just ask my wife. Interviewer: Okay a woman who's lost her husband is called a 330: Widow Interviewer: Okay. What if he just left her? 330: Well it'd be a a if he just left her she'd be as a left her uh {X} called it Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's what I called it. grass widow Interviewer: yeah 330: is that what it's called? Interviewer: Yeah. Um okay the man whose son you are is called your 330: Daddy Interviewer: Okay. How else did you call him? Or how else do people call their father? 330: Father. They call him Pappy Papa Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And and daddy. Interviewer: What his wife would be your 330: Mother Interviewer: How do you call her? 330: Call her mama mother Interviewer: Okay. Um any other things people would call it? 330: Hmm? Interviewer: Any other ways people would call their mother? 330: Uh mammy I've heard some call 'em mammy Interviewer: Yeah? 330: You hardly ever hear one, but I've heard some call 'em mammy. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um and together your father and mother would be called your 330: Parents. Interviewer: Okay. And your father's father would be your 330: Grand grandfather. Interviewer: Okay how is how did you call him? 330: Granddaddy Interviewer: Okay. And his wife would be your 330: Grandmother. Interviewer: And you'd call her 330: Grandma. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something on wheels you can put a baby in and it'll lie down 330: Baby buggy Interviewer: Okay. Does that have that little hood on it? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay you put the baby in the buggy then you go out and 330: Carry him out Interviewer: And what 330: Pushing him in the carriage like a little buggy Interviewer: What'd you call that? You'd go out and what the baby? Go out and 330: In a in a in a well it's a carriage like I'd call it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: What you'd push 'em in, little buggy like have wheels on it you push 'em out Interviewer: Yeah. You say you go out and push the baby? 330: Mm-hmm push 'em in it, can't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Ones I've seen. Interviewer: You say you ride the baby or {X} the baby 330: I I I rode the baby in my in the buggy I reckon you'd call it a carriage or whatever you want. Whatever we called it. Interviewer: Okay you might say you have a son or a 330: Got a son Interviewer: and 330: daughter. Interviewer: Okay or a boy and a 330: A girl. Interviewer: Okay. If a woman were gonna have a baby you'd say that she's 330: Expecting. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expressions people would use for that? 330: For the baby? Interviewer: For if she was gonna have a baby. 330: Well pregnant I guess you'd say Interviewer: Okay did they say that when you were growing up? Did they use that word? 330: Well I I I guess they did, or I never heard any when I was a little fellow, I never did hear nobody talk like that #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: when I grew up. It ain't like that now you see you hear it on the television the somebody say something about that every night {X} you know but I never did hear anything about people woman when she got pregnant was gonna have her baby or something never would know anything about it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} But that's what we always called it. Pregnant {X} some of 'em say old people say some about it wives was gonna have a baby or expecting something or other, I {D: rare} might have heard that {D: rare} Interviewer: Yeah say if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby this woman that you might send for be called a interviewer: {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} Right near here, I don't know the name of the street but uh {NW} About ten years ago, no about eight years ago I lived {D: one long summer} right over here in front of the hospital on the street that 342: Uh, {D: Mar Shoots} interviewer: #1 That must be it {D:I stayed} with some friends there while I taught at the # 342: #2 {D: Mar shoots} at yes # interviewer: #1 university {D: out here} and uh # 342: #2 Well good # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 my mother's originally from Huntsville she's uh, # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 she's from {D: Haysville Green} one of the {D: Crigs} # 342: #2 # #1 One of the {D: Crigs}? Yes # interviewer: #2 Haysville Green # 342: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 Well they didn't # interviewer: #2 We've still got relatives # 342: living here in the Didn't you say, didn't you say that you were from Hixson Tennessee? interviewer: Yes ma'am 342: I have a nephew who lives there interviewer: Oh, really? 342: And when you said that that morning I said, I told some of them, I said well I have a nephew who lives there now interviewer: #1 Yeah that must be, is he with, uh # 342: #2 Uh # Gene Harry, and he has his own business I think there now, he's uh in fact, uh #1 it's not going to be possible for me to be here Thursday night # interviewer: #2 Okay # 342: uh, they called this morning and his mother passed away this morning and uh, we're going, leaving for, they, uh his mother and father live in um Oak Ridge So, we're going up there in the morning and I don't know whether we'll back Thursday afternoon or not interviewer: Am I keeping you from anything 342: #1 No, not a thing, not a thing, I # interviewer: #2 else? because # of course, with being as near as I am #1 can come over at # 342: #2 Yes # interviewer: #1 your convenience. # 342: #2 Well uh # as I said and I had already I was sorry that I hadn't written you before but I didn't know at the time interviewer: right 342: Uh, I have, u- as I said, we've been expecting this message for quite some time, she had cancer and, uh. We just didn't know what time, you know it might {NS} turn up, and and sure enough it happened this morning at three thirty {NS} So, I said I had, as I had already uh told you, you know that we'd, it'd be fine for tonight interviewer: {NS} 342: So, I uh {NS} told my husband well I'll just tell Mr. Foster tonight that I'll {NS} we'll make another engagement for another time interviewer: Sure, it'll be {NS} well it can be any time, I mean it {NS} next week {NS} sometime, or {NS} later on in June because after next week I'll be on vacation 342: You'll be on vacation for awhile. Well, uh that is the point. I expect we possibly could make it for next next Thursday night, if that would be convenient {NS} for you because uh as far a I know now uh #1 everything will be clear # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: {NS} here {NW} interviewer: Yeah that 342: #1 I have grandchildren, I mean a grandbaby here that I keep and I do this and I do that # interviewer: #2 Oh well certainly certainly certainly yeah. If # anything comes up maybe you can always drop me a line or if you don't have time you can call over 342: Well, I knew that I could've called you today had it been necessary, but as I said it wasn't necessary{X} but we did have misfortune, my husband's sister went up too, plus it's her younger brother's wife interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and uh,she has more or less mothered him since their mother passed away and uh {NS} he called her Sunday and told her that uh {NS} he knew that his wife was very near death and sister will you please, you and h- she and her husband he's bough- he has uh retired interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and said will you please come over and So she went, yesterday and after they got to Oak Ridge {NS} and she went to the grocery for him, she usually does stock him up on groceries and she turned around and forgot something and started back in and fell and broke her right wrist both bones interviewer: #1 My # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 So {NW}, I said trouble never comes single-handedly goodness # 342: #2 {NW} # I said trouble never comes single handedly interviewer: That's right 342: It really doesn't interviewer: I tell you what that's really some something there, so she's up there with a broken wrist 342: Well, no they, her husband brought her home today. She wanted to come back home because she said she wasn't doing a- them any good and she was just in the way and {NS} she was suffering uh quite a bit with it and wanted to get down here with her own doctor and so she came in tonight and I was afraid maybe you might get here a little early because uh my husband uh, during that flood here interviewer: mm-hmm 342: It flooded out their bowling alley and he's a big bowler as you can see interviewer: I've noticed 342: and uh, they were going to have to do double shifts tonight So, uh uh I carried her home, he got her to the doctor this afternoon and he reset it, evidently or put another cast on it interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 342: #2 and uh # she said it was so much more comfortable somehow the other one up there he put a temporary cast but it had draw on her hand interviewer: Yeah 342: right in here, somewhere another and he told her, he said well I'm not criticizing, but he said I'd do it a little differently {NS} #1 so she told her she's # interviewer: #2 That's a real tricky # 342: #1 Yes, and uh she said well, # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: she says you're the one that's gonna take care of it and I'd rather you do it like you do it. {NS} So, she said it felt a hundred percent better than {NS} uh, it did coming home interviewer: {X} My left wrist will not bend back at all #1 because uh the, it was set in some some kind of strange way. I don't know what but uh, # 342: #2 because you broke it. Mm-hmm, mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Well, uh they, and they told her up there that it was a clean break and when he x-rayed it here cause he x-rayed it again {NS} He told her, he said Mrs. Orison I'm sorry but there is not a clean break cause there's several fragments interviewer: Aw 342: So {D: that's gonna} take a little longer to heal and I hope it #1 won't # interviewer: #2 {X} # good that she didn't come back down here 342: Well, that's true and then she'll she'll he- she's here but as she said, she couldn't get any dresses on that she had up there with her, you know, there was nothing, she went prepared of course for the end {NW} After all that happened interviewer: hmm 342: #1 And it was very ironic that several years ago # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: uh, their mother uh, this same boy {NS} was uh, in the hospital in Oak Ridge with um {NS} low bar pneumonia. {NS} And his mother went up there and she was {NS} quite elderly and when she was up there she fell and broke her hip {NS} from which she never recovered. {NS} So, I I told him, I said well uh these Herrings better stay away from Oak Ridge. interviewer: #1 That's right there must be some kinda jinx or something. # 342: #2 {NW} # #1 that's true # interviewer: #2 that's not a bad trip from here because. # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: Well, it's interviewer: for that terrible stretch from Scott's Road 342: #1 Right up the, yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 that's right # interviewer: #2 # But, I believe you go all the way to Oak Ridge on the freeway 342: I think you get almost there now, I believe that we went to we had been up there three times now, visiting, you know to see her, and uh Seems to me that we went all the way {NS} I know that last time, or not the last time but the next to last time we went we went on to Chattanooga and it was snowing, it started snowing on us. And, we were scared to death and every few minutes Claude uh had a little friend of mine that works at the library and her parents live in Oak Ridge She could uh {NS} that she was going with us {NS} and uh {NS} she was so anxious to get home, of course, you know and we had told her that we would be there {NS} and it started snowing on us up oh, just beyond Scottsboro you know just very {NS} lightly {NS} and uh, every few minutes Claude would say I don't know whether we should go home or not, I don't know where he's a little Uh, you know he's one of these kinds where if he don't think he's going then why not just turn around and go back But, we kept urging him on and the only real bad part that we had was that as we went through the is it the east part of Tenne- of, uh Chattanooga? interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm 342: You know, getting on that side {NS} and, over there i- the roads were so slick right there, oh boy they were icy {NW} interviewer: Chattanooga's a very very bad place in the snow, I of course I've {NS} #1 I've lived there country all my life in that general area # 342: #2 Yes # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Well, we finally got through that and it snowed on us pretty hard and of course it was all on the sides of the road Yeah and the roads were cleared. {NS} And it was very funny when we got to Oak Ridge it had stopped but they had about an inch and a half of snow there But, uh fortunately the sun came out and we didn't we we made it there and back interviewer: Yeah 342: safely, but it was it was really something interviewer: Well, I, it's been a long time since I went to Knoxville but it seems that the last time I went to Knoxville you could get as you go to, through Oak Ridge to get to Knoxville from Chattanooga. And, I believe you could get just about all the way on the freeway #1 from Chattanooga. And, I believe you could get just about all the way on the freeway # 342: #2 Yes I think so # Well, it was a real good road all the way and uh the last time we went, I just don't pay too much attention. Claude's the one that does the uh maneuvering in the road and I just ride, as I tell him I {NW} and I just ride as I tell him I {NW} interviewer: Chattanooga's a very very hard town to get around in even on the freeways because they #1 don't have any signs that tell you to anywhere but {X} or Richmond. # 342: #2 Which way and how? # interviewer: #1 and unless you know that you want to get to Oak Ridge # 342: #2 That's right # interviewer: on the Knoxville 342: #1 We almost got on the wrong way you know, going on out # interviewer: #2 freeway # 342: {NS} when we, when we went out to get on the freeway interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and uh, the little girl who was with us she drives it quite a bit by herself interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and she told him which way to go there to interviewer: My wife got lost in it on the way to the Smokies {X} on the way to the Smokies to visit some friends of ours that run a campground up there and I mean, we lived in Chattanooga for six or seven years but she #1 Trying to get into it from Alabama and trying to go all these different ways she didn't know where to get # 342: #2 In opposite direction # interviewer: #1 to # 342: #2 # Well, that's just like it is here now, you know uh uh, as I said, being a native you, uh course we used to know the, the city and I {NS} my mother in-law used to laugh at me about uh, being She say, I'm not going to town with you {NW} {NW} because you know everybody and you gonna stop to talk but you used to know every little crook and cranny and every little alleyway, everything you went out and where and you went interviewer: Boy, that's not true now though 342: But, honestly now I get just as uh, #1 a person who's never been here in some areas. # interviewer: #2 And my mother's re- # my mother's relatives live uh, down on Randolph street down near the #1 part of the, down near the court house square where # 342: #2 Uh-huh, yes # interviewer: it hasn't changed much once you get off of the freeway part of it and down off of you know memorial 342: #1 Who are your mother's relatives down there? # interviewer: #2 The {D: Crigs} # 342: The {D: Crigs}? interviewer: Mm-hmm, Pauline #1 and Juanita. Right # 342: #2 Pauline and and Juanita? # #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 Well, gracious goodness me # interviewer: #2 They're my mother's # aunt, their my great aunt 342: Is that right? Well, I told Mrs. Russell {NW} Who is our historian and our uh Huntsville heritage, she's in charge of the Huntsville heritage room there at the library and uh she lives just up the street from me and course we all know and I knew Edwin real well interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: And, uh they uh so we were going out the other day and I saw {NS} uh I believe it was uh {NS} Juanita {NS} and she looked so attractive and I said my stars what's Juanita doing to herself? And uh Mrs. {D: Russell} says well she keeps herself primped up and she says {NW} interviewer: they're uh they- they're staying right there in the old 342: #1 In the old home, mm-hmm, yes I know # interviewer: #2 family house # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 {NS} # The lady, they have a lady, extremely old lady who lives with them and she's remotely related but I don't even know everyone calls her {D: Huntie} 342: #1 {D: Huntie} # interviewer: #2 and I don't know uh # really what relation 342: mrs Rice'll probably know. mrs Rice who lives is a native also and she lives right up the street from them interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and, uh she had been living uh in fact she and her husband bought this house where they live uh #1 oh, many many many years ago # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: {NS} and uh it's most interesting to hear Mrs. Russell we- she and I, of course are the only natives #1 up there, # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: {NS} and I was kidding Helen about it I said well, I said you can talk as much as I can well, I don't know so much about that. {NW} I said, well I do and uh- she says yes, but I'm not a native and I don't talk like you do {NW} {NS} interviewer: #1 Well, I guess you know Frances Roberts then don't you? # 342: #2 Oh Lord # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Frances has been an old friend of mine and interviewer: #1 yes # 342: #2 she # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # she taught my olde- well, she taught both my boys #1 in school. # interviewer: #2 She's a # good friend of mine over when I taught at the university, it was small enough then so all of us were in one building we knew the history department and the English department 342: Well, Frances she thought an awful lot of my son. In fact, uh I have his annual here and I uh I was fixing some picture the other day and had gotten them out and I thought I had his uh picture from- his high school picture and, I didn't. I couldn't find it at least. {NS} So, I knew that it was in this uh annual interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 342: and uh, I told him {NS} #1 he was # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: uh {NW} up here couple weeks ago {NW} and I told him, Jim I want your picture uh so I can have one made cause I want yours {X} {NS} That's his picture, there. When he was in high school interviewer: Wow, what high school? 342: Huntsville high. Course that was back in the days when we just had Butler High and juni- and Huntsville High and we- interviewer: Butler, now I don't know about Huntsville but I've got a lot of students 342: Well, you've had a lot of students from Huntsville High, so I'm sure from time to time I know this youngest son of ours went over there for about uh well {NW} he went over there for about interviewer: {X} 342: three or four, five months but, uh he just went- he was having a big time interviewer: Oh {X} 342: and I just laid the law down to him and I told him I said I'm trying to work and uh, doing holding down two jobs and trying to help Daddy so we can educate- give you a good education and at that time he had not made up his mind what he wanted to do, he was only sixteen when he graduated from high school interviewer: {D: Goodness, what'd-} what'd he do, skip a grade or something? {C: final sound of something overwhelmed by 342} 342: Well, yes he skipped the second grade but uh, I don't mean to say it braggingly but he uh when he was four years old he was reading anything he picked up and he had the capabilities of doing anything he wanted to do. interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: But, the little rascal uh, this brother of his of course he was a student student, I mean a teacher student, you know that type that you most teachers like to get ahold of really I {X} and uh, he was very studious and he was very sincere in everything he did and he wanted to, uh everything he did he wanted to do right, you know. And, Joe Donald was just a little devil may care, happy go lucky type and he was very athletic so, uh he followed unfortunately, by coming right behind Jimmy. interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: He skipped the second grade in fact as I said {D: by the time} the telephone rang his first year in school I expected his teacher to say or mrs Woodall, who was the principal, I expected her to say Elizabeth uh, Joe Donald's not here today oh, he hated it he came home the first two weeks interviewer: Well he's just bored 342: Well that's right. He came home the first two weeks and he said mother I don't like school, and I said what's wrong with it? and he said there's nothing to do. Well of course I realize that and I said well honey you've got books down the- I read everything we got down there which he was, it was true an- and of course I made him and but I went to his uh, to the principal who had been u- uh one of my teachers incidentally and I talked to her about it, and I said now you've heard Joe Donald read and you know what he does and I said uh, he has he's gonna have to have something to do that is more I said you know the second grade is practically a replica of the first with a little math and maybe a little bit more interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: studying added to it, but I said he's gonna have to have something to do that keeps him busy interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: So, she told me she says well let's put him in the third grade and try him I said well now if you have to put him back won't hurt my feelings at all interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: but, I said he's gonna have to have something to keep him busy. interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: So, from then on I had his report card until he was in high school, he never made a B in his life, he just interviewer: Well, I 342: and he'd never have to study interviewer: {NW} 342: So, one of the teachers, in high school uh we were sitting at the PTA meeting one night and uh {D: they} saying he had taught for forty-five years and she said she didn't know why she didn't realize that Joe Donald was- you see what I was trying to say was that all of his teachers uh as he followed Jimmy after he- he skipped that grade you see he was o- just one year behind Jimmy. interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: Well, jimmy had been more or less a perfect student and Joe Donald comes in and oh, you're Jimmy's brother interviewer: Yeah, yeah 342: Well you know one of those things, you- you being a teacher, you know what that is and he didn't uh, I kept the resentment out at home and he loved Jimmy very dearly, and still does anything Jim says is what he wants to do. interviewer: Well, that'd be awfully hard on him. 342: But the point was that- and I you know as a parent I hesitated to go and say now I want you to do this for my child I just never did believe in that. But, never the less I did go when he was in the seventh grade and I talked to a couple of his teachers and I said Joe Donald is a completely different personality and I says please treat him as such. But they didn't, you know they look- looked on him to be just like Jim. So it went through school and uh when he graduated he could've been at the top of his class if he had tried but he didn't want to be interviewer: Well, that's where he went to Florence did he come back over here 342: Well, the funny thing, see he finished uh, when he was sixteen well he was uh, an excellent basketball player so, uh one of the coaches had seen him from {D: C-M-A} and uh he came down and talked to us about him going up there Well, Joe Donald was not uh uh suited to be an engineer. I mean, he wasn't that type of person you know. I knew he wasn't but, uh this coach told us he says I'm sure that he will be granted uh a scholarship to uh, Georgia Tech {NS} he knew the coach there very well and that, the year before they had gotten this, uh young man from C-M-A and he says Joe Donald can play circles all around him. Well, uh we thought possibly the uh military discipline and everything course I discipline them at home, it wasn't that I just felt like maybe if he got into that environment, you know he would uh sort of straighten out and he couldn't make up his mind he being as young as he was he didn't now of course that was the difference between the two, because Jimmy from the time he was eleven years old knew exactly what he wanted to do {NW} interviewer: Huh 342: So uh that was what he studied for and that's what he went after interviewer: {NW} 342: In business administration in in the school and he wanted a business career and that's what he got and he, incidentally is a banker now interviewer: {X} here in {D: Nashville} No, in Birmingham for the First National Bank in Birmingham So, uh anyway to make a long story short, Joe Donald went on to C-M-A and played basketball {D: and} I never saw kids play as hard in my life uh, when this coach was supposed to be in Chattanooga Mm-hmm 342: They had the mid-south tournament you probably have heard of it you know of all the uh military schools, you know in in the area there and Joe Donald was high scorer for the whole deal in playing basketball but they played with food poisoning and we had to bring him home thinking possibly he had appendicitis and put him in the hospital when we so {NW} and that coach something happened that he didn't get to get there. So, that knocked out the interviewer: The Georgia 342: the Georgia Tech business. Well, he came home and he worked that summer and he said that he uh believe he would go, {X} he well Jimmy had been given a scholarship uh a part of the scholarship to University of Alabama on his record and the first year he was down there, so uh we wanted him to go to the university but, no he wasn't going there. So, Jimmy did. You know. interviewer: Right, right. So, I told him I said well son they don't know you from Adam down there Still though 342: and I said uh uh, but if you make up your mind what you want to do well he took the notion that he was going to Florence. Well he went to Florence but I knew he wasn't doing any good and he knew he wasn't doing any good so he came home and uh in January, and they were just fixing to have midterm exams interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and uh, I asked him I said Joe Donald you're not making any grades he was taking dancing and glee club all this mess you know that he ne- didn't need to take I said son I wanna tell you, and I'm talking facts to you right now I said now listen mother's working hard and I said if it took me scrubbing floors to try to help you get an education I'm willing to do it but I am not willing just to send you money over there and you have a big time on it. interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: I said now if you make up your mind what you want to do and you will show me that you want to study and you buckle down and get busy. I said you're gonna have to go in the service sooner or later but I said now if you can make your grades and I know you're capable of doing it so he came back home and uh he went on back to school and he came back home and he had this his buddy who was they were buddies all during school and this boy had uh- this Jimmy, his name was Jimmy also and he was going to {D: Murph's Birthday} Teacher's College but he had uh gone into the Marine Corp in the uh- military end of it you know there but he had been in uh basic, he'd had to go to camp two summers well he'd told Joe all this stuff you see e- what they went through and everything that they had to do you know and how rough and tough it was and all that sort of thing so Joe Donald came home and I was out on the Bookmobile and he found his daddy and his daddy was my husband was assistant fire chief and he, they were taking down Christmas lights and he was overseeing that down through the city and he found his daddy and he told his daddy he wanted to join the Marines. So, his daddy asked him he said well what's your mother gonna say about it, have you talked to her? and he says well daddy I know that mothers will say that anything that's honorable sh- won't she don't mind me doing it. so I came home and I had a long talk with him and I told him I said well son you have some idea of what you're going into I said from what Jimmy has told you interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: but I said, in the mean time you better buckle down. Well his daddy carried him incidentally over to Decatur interviewer: To enlist? 342: To enlist I mean to let him see about it and this guy told him that his quota was full but he said, boy I want you in the Marines so he did a little finagling I think and he got him. So him I said well heaven help you I said we've tried to rear you a Christian boy I hope you'll have the stamina to face anything they throw at you It'll either make you or break you. So, it made him. interviewer: Well that's great, is he still in the Marines? 342: And when he came out, incidentally he had to sign up for four years interviewer: Right 342: So, he went in for the four years and when he came out it was just real funny the day he got home from the Marines he says mother, what's Jim's address. Jim had gone to Birmingham, at that time he was with a telephone company. When Jim had gone into the service why uh they, when they interviewed at college and he told him that had already committed himself for his military service that he wanted to get that behind him before he went to work and the uh gentleman who came over to interview him told him he says with your record says all we want you to do if w- if you work one day or one week or three weeks or one month with the telephone company then you will have all the privileges and all everything with the phone company so he came back of course to the phone company in Birmingham and he' been with the though now for almost ten years. So uh Joe Donald wanted to know what Jim's address was he went just as straight to Birmingham as he could go and talk to Jimmy ask him what course he took at the university, he went to the university and now he's a banker. interviewer: Well I'll be 342: (NW} {NW} interviewer: The same thing just about happened to uh to my brother, he dropped out of high school and joined the Marine Corps and spent four years in the Marine Corps and then came back and uh came down to visit me in Florence and liked it and stayed there and liked it and stayed there and he's graduating this semester and {D: as an} artist, he's a ceramicist and so we're uh proud of him. 342: Well I know you are, well as I said were very very proud of our interviewer: Well you certainly {X} 342: and I think they've we have now six grandchildren interviewer: My {D: goodness}. 342: and a daughter who lives here and we're scared to death that they're gonna be moved to, her husband's with Boeing interviewer: Uh-huh 342: we're just holding our breath. and interviewer: {D: Well it's bees} Aerospace industry is dying out as badly as they say it is around here. 342: Well, yes it's dying out I'm sure of that but uh they're are so many uh opportunities for so many different uh people or different organizations to come in here, you know the materials are here and the uh the buildings are here where they can go in and do quite a number of things and uh change over into doing a lot of things I think if the opportunity if the chamber of commerce of these people who are trying to expand I- I said it amazes me because uh you know we'll read about so many being laid off at the arsenal, so many and then the next time you hear about it they're trying to hire new people and new this and new that you just never know what's gonna #1 take place # interviewer: #2 I guess sort of the economy here is shifting from the arsenal # 342: #1 Well to th- that its shifting to other things # interviewer: #2 to other things. # 342: but I said its ama- a- oo I never have seen such huge homes being built and {NS} Expensive places going up and #1 there must be money somewhere # interviewer: #2 There's bound to be {X} # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 but I- I- I- can't figure it out. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: I don't know uh, of course they've closed down so much and they'll tell you one time you know that there's not any possibility of this that and the other. However Boeing has closed down uh of course at one time you know they were #1 a big space industry here # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: but, uh my hu- my daugh- uh son in law is a well, I said he was a cost analyst. That was what his tittle was, but he'd gone up on up and it's something else now interviewer: Hmm 342: and uh he's uh he says the only thing about uh if he knew that he could get something else, of course he has a marvelous set up where he is with Boeing right now but, neither of them want to move to Seattle and {NS} he said that if he goes to Seattle uh if he knew there was any possibility at all {NS} #1 for him to get back even back this way # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: you know. But he's gone just about as high as he can go {NS} uh, without being an engineer interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and he feels that if they sent somebody here uh higher than him, or you know even kept somebody that it would be an engineer here interviewer: {X} 342: So uh we are just holding our breath I tell you I {NS} interviewer: Well {NS} as as long I guess i- he- he has to do that to go up in the company that's the only thing 342: Well that's the only thing to do is I told him uh {NS} he- real sweet he came over here one night and we got to talking uh my daughter sells Mary Kay cosmetics{NS} she got into that after her baby was born.{NS} She loves that type of thing of course she can be at home and do whatever she wants to and when.{NS} {NS} {NS} But she was having a party and I had the baby over here one night and uh {NS} we were talking he gets over here and talks to me quite often we have long chats and he said well mom said {NS} the only thing about it that was when he told me that if he uh didn't stay with the company I mean if he did stay with the company you know there was if he gets to Seattle he has no uh definite idea that he will ever way. {NS} way. interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: But uh he said I- I just don't know and I said well honey the the thing about it is for you all I said of course you're the bread winner of the family and I said where you can make the most and the best and the best is what you have to do I said uh whatever uh course it'll leave her daddy and me high and dry here without the children but interviewer: Well 342: #1 It's one of those things # interviewer: #2 Yeah, that'd be kinda hard # {X} yeah but it's like {D: I said} if it's gone as far as 342: And then the little one of course is the only one that we've ever had here close enough to us {NS} the other five are well most of them are taller than I am now and growing up of course and we've never gotten to be very close to them but uh I called one of them awhile ago the one in Cartersville and I said uh when Tony answered the telephone and I said honey how are you and she says I'm fine she says who is this I and I said don't you- Grandmother interviewer: {NW} 342: {NW} interviewer: {D: oh lee} 342: So course it tickled her to death but this little one that I have now {D: she is a mess and she wants to stay over here with her meemaw.} interviewer: Now, that's great. 342: And barber told some of them up there today she ran by the library a few minutes and she uh had a delivery up there and she came in and uh Denice came flying back to me and says Meemaw me gonna stay at the library with you and I said she two and half years old so you can imagine. interviewer: Yeah {NW} 342: and {NW} Do you have any children? interviewer: Yes, I have a girl ten and a boy seven. 342: Oh you do? Well they are growing up. interviewer: Oh they are I was thinking about it driving over here 342: #1 Oh, {D: I'm telling you} # interviewer: #2 About how, how quick they're growing up # 342: you just don't realize they just out from under you before you know it interviewer: Well let me kind of explain what I do all I do here is just ask a #1 bunch of questions about what terms you have for things and anything you say is right because all I'm supposed to do find out what somebody as # 342: #2 {NS} # interviewer: #1 a native of Madison County says # 342: #2 Yes # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: one way or another way uh the things in the fire place there that you put the {NS} logs on are called what for example? Those brass pieces that stick up. 342: And irons interviewer: {D: Okay} and uh the part of the fire place out there where the magazine rack is sitting is called a what? 342: The hearth is what I call it #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 Mm-kay # What about the place up there where the #1 clock is? # 342: #2 The mantle # interviewer: Okay. See now over in Florence there's a lot of folks call that the fire board up there where that #1 that place is fire board? and I call it a mantle but I I- didn't know what they were talking about # 342: #2 The fire board? # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 first when they said a fire board # 342: #2 Well I've never heard it call that # interviewer: {NS} and uh {NS} #1 the smoke goes up the what to get out of the house? # 342: #2 Chimney # interviewer: Okay. What do you call the little pieces of wood that you build a fire with? 342: Kindling interviewer: Okay. {NS} That's what I call it {NW} 342: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 Uh # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # What about the black stuff up in the chimney that get on you if you reach up in there? 342: Soot interviewer: Okay and uh {NS} when ashes #1 have cooled off and everything they're generally what color? # 342: #2 {NS} # interviewer: {NS} You know you build a fire and your ashes'll be black or something but they're either black or they're what? 342: Mm Well I would say they were mostly gray interviewer: Uh what is what do you call this that you're sitting on? 342: {C: glottal stop} This? A chair interviewer: Okay. And this that I'm sitting on? 342: The divan. interviewer: Okay some people call that a davenport {C: 342 [yeah]} {D: alright} 342: They have their five-hundred things and different ways and means of doing it {NW} {NW} interviewer: What about {NW} a big piece of furniture that you might have in the bedroom that has drawers in it and you keep {D: folded} linens and things. 342: Well I call it a chest of drawers interviewer: Uh but a dresser is that the same kind of thing? 342: Well a dresser can be used for that I mean it has drawers and {X} uh but uh a chest a chifforobe you know a lot of times you'll have uh uh but a chest of drawers really is {D: what} is just the drawers that you lay your linens {C: Overlap interviewer [it doesn't have a mirror in it]} and it doesn't have a mirror} or anything over it. interviewer: And uh the 342: The dresser is what has the mirror interviewer: Right The pla- the room in the house where you prepare the meals is the what? 342: Kitchen interviewer: Okay, have you ever heard of a summer kitchen? 342: Yes I have {C: Overlap interviewer [what is it?]} Well uh a summer kitchen is out now the one that I went to at one time and they called it a summer kitchen was out away from the house and it had was just screened in interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: Well the air could go all the way through interviewer: They had a stove out {C: 342 overlap [w-]} there then? {C: overlap 342 [They had a]} 342: stove out there interviewer: Hmm 342: But now I don't that's what they called it was a summer kitchen because it was cool to interviewer: I guess that would be a reason at in- in when they used the old wood burning stoves 342: Well that's right and you have a separate place from you know heating up the house {C: overlap interviewer} interviewer: Hmm What about the part of the house up over the ceiling where you might store things? 342: Attic interviewer: Okay and the place in a house where might hang your clothes 342: Closet interviewer: Okay if its an old house and doesn't have built in closets in the bedrooms they might have a big what to hang? 342: {D: Chefrou}. interviewer: Okay uh what about a something that's on a roller that you pull down over the windows to keep the sun out? 342: Shade interviewer: Okay and if it uh it's not on a roller if it's in slats 342: blind interviewer: Okay and uh what rooms are most often found in a house? {X} 342: Well I would say a living room and a dining room and a bed room interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and a kitchen {X} and a den now course {C: overlap with interviewer}the {C: Interviewer, need to fix indicator} interviewer: Now, now that's a 342: A den is {C: interviewer overlap} yes interviewer: What about the uh safe in the kitchen what did you did you ever hear that term? 342: Oh yes interviewer: What did you put in the safe? 342: Well used to put in pies and cakes all that sorta thing {C: overlap interviewer [{X} {NW}]} interviewer: I've hear them called pie safes before but we didn't keep pies in ours we just kept fish in there 342: Well uh I- the reason that I said that is because I had an aunt out in the country that uh used to when my uh we would go for vacations my father always oh he loved custard pies {NW} {C: weird sound, not sure if it's actually the speaker or what} and uh Aunt Lizzy had one of these old fashioned safes you know that had the uh had the tin front {C: overlap interviewer} interviewer: the design 342: {X} w- yeah with the designs punched in and she would make about eight or ten custard pies {NW} interviewer: Boy she was really stocking up 342: {NW} they would soon disappear I grant you but uh uh course she had a big family she had eight children and uh then when company came you know she had to make those kind {C: interviewer overlap; Lord yeah she had to make those pies} but at that time of course in the country they raised of of their uh had all their butter and eggs and everything you know but daddy dearly loved those custard pies and I I can think about and then another thing about the safe of course was the fact that uh uh they did have screens on their windows but back in that time you know you didn't have any air conditioning and uh and it would be so hot during the day and uh after we'd have what we'd call lunch now but we'd have dinner in the middle of the day and uh everything that was left we'd put in dishes just like you do in your refrigerator #1 almost now but you would yeah # interviewer: #2 put them in the safe # 342: put them in the safe and everybody then would you'd eat off of that at night {NS} so the safe was very good for that to save things interviewer: Yeah it was a very handy thing what about old useless furniture and broken furniture and stuff and stuff like that you don't throw away you might say well we've got a room our store room's just full of what would you ever call that? 342: #1 Hmm # interviewer: #2 {D: uh} # 342: Junk interviewer: #1 Okay # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: {NW} what about uh a woman who uh going to straighten up the house or something you'd say every morning she what? did you ever hear anybody say cleans up the house or 342: Oh yes w- I do I always say I have to clean up the house interviewer: What about what would you sweep the floor with? 342: Vacuum interviewer: Okay or? 342: Or a broom {C: overlap interviewer; {X}} interviewer: Okay good uh and if it uh let's see uh if the broom is in the corner and the door is open this way the broom is where? would you say back of the 342: Behind the door {C: {X} okay} interviewer: That's right uh see it makes a difference to this survey whether a person says behind the door or in back of the door Mm-hmm {C: interviewer overlap; [X]} get a uh thing on the 342: get an idea on what of what people {C: interviewer overlap; yeah} interviewer: What about the when the clothes get dirty you say you're going to have to do the 342: laundry interviewer: Okay and to get upstairs in a building you must go up the 342: Stairway {X} interviewer: And the front part of a house especially old houses that'd sometimes be screened in people would sit out there in their 342: Porch interviewer: Okay down in south Alabama some people call that a gallery or a uh piazza and a veranda there a million different names for that 342: Well of course you know the ol' I mean the veranda was spoken of in the old South I mean in everything that you used to think about in the old colonial homes you know it was a veranda was this that and the other interviewer: Was that just like a porch? I never did figure that out 342: Well yes it was a porch interviewer: #1 I always pictured it as kind of a across between a porch and a patio # 342: #2 but- I- # Well i- it just uh I think uh my idea of the thing is very similar to uh I think when you talk about uh just like in Gone With the Wind you know that great big porch across that home interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: But it was out on the veranda you know you got out there an- and uh they s- well I'm like you i- it's a a lot of people would consider that if it didn't have a uh roof over it all the way across It would possibly be a veranda to- I mean it would be a patio type thing too interviewer: well we haven't had one of these in a long time but what about a long dry spell in the summer time when it never rains farmers call that a what? 342: hmm interviewer: some people call it a drought or just some people just call it 342: Well it's usually just a drought that's what I would call it {X} we sure hadn't had one of those {NW} interviewer: #1 {NW} # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: What about uh if the wind has not been blowing and you feel a little breeze you say it looks like the wind is say picking up or rising or 342: r- I- well I would say it looks like the wind's uh rising interviewer: Okay #1 If it's been blowing pretty hard and it's # 342: #2 I guess # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: not anymore I believe it's going to 342: die #1 it's dying down or # interviewer: #2 okay # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # And if you're in the I'll say the late fall or early winter early in the morning you go out and it'd it- i- uh when the air is real just kinda goes through you you say it sure is 342: Chilly interviewer: Okay and if gets cold enough you'll wake up and see what on the ground in the morning 342: Frost interviewer: Okay uh you get many frost over this way? 342: Oo I'll tell you the honest facts that we had frost this winter that looked like snow interviewer: You know this has been all around one of the worst years I believe in the history of this part of the country. 342: I think well I- I think it's been that way all over uh I was talking to uh some people from California the other day and in the Library and they said honestly their weather out there had been so changeable and then last night I was at my A-B-W-A meeting and this young lady that sat next to me {NS} said she was talking to a friend of her's from Panama in the Panama Canal zone #1 yesterday and she said # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: It'd been one of the worst seasons that they had had over there in many years interviewer: #1 Hmm well I- you know we didn't he- we've never hear anything about the weather in those # 342: #2 No # interviewer: #1 places like that # 342: #2 but it was just such a # uh she said that they had had uh it had not been #1 uh anything to compare with what their usual weather was # interviewer: #2 {NS} # well I you can safely say that about this last #1 eight or nine months we've had # 342: #2 Oo # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Well and the funny thing you know uh snows all around us Mobile everybody interviewer: That was the biggest freak thing I believe I've #1 ever seen # 342: #2 I know # and and then here it was you know and they would predict snow here and predict it and predict it and of course everybody I- I was so used to having a German girl that works up there with us {NS} and course she was uh as a native #1 of Germany # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: and she was used to snow you know and every time it would look like snow you know and she'd sit up there and look at it she'd say Mrs. Aaron is it gonna snow? and I'd say well that's what they say but I don't know. interviewer: you know when w- we went down over uh E-A vacation we went down to mobile #1 and the trees all down there were all broken over from the weight of all the snow on them and it really messed everything up down there and we didn't have any # 342: #2 Oh I know! # interviewer: snow at all 342: I know it! interviewer: That's just the most 342: #1 and they were so amazed you know down in that part of the country my # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: my daughter in law uh mother and father lives in Mobile and they s- and then another thing you know in Georgia uh this sister in law that I was just speaking of they had just moved here from Columbus interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: And of course you know they had the worst snow they've had there in uh years! Well whatever it is snowed that deep. interviewer: Well and that far south 342: #1 And that far south # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Well I know my mother called us from Chattanooga and said they had a about #1 a foot and a half of snow over # 342: #2 Yeah # interviewer: there and she really thought that we'd just be snowed under and it was just a #1 a pocket right here around north Alabama we didn't get a # 342: #2 We didn't get a thing. # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: except plenty of rain but 342: Oh lord we we've had that I tell you #1 and I bet this summer well I just have a feeling that it's gonna be so dry you can't # interviewer: #2 Yeah # Afraid so #1 from one extreme to the other. # 342: #2 Yeah that's right # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: Uh what happens uh to water in the if it gets cold enough the water in your plumbing will freeze and the pipes will what? 342: Burst interviewer: Okay #1 You might say it got so cold last night the lake # 342: #2 {NS} # Froze interviewer: Okay uh but that wasn't the first time it has what before? {NS} 342: Has frozen before {X} {X} interviewer: I went up there uh {NS} three weeks ago and #1 Geraldine which was eight miles below Pike had that tornado # 342: #2 Yes mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: So I- I came back home and took a weekend off and went back up there last weekend for another interview and as I was just leaving Scottsboro I heard on the radio that Fort Vain which is halfway between 342: #1 uh Pike and # 342: #2 Yeah Geraldine # interviewer: yeah it was hit by a tornado so that's be- so we get tornadoes all the time over in Florence. {NS} That's the thing I've had the hardest time getting used to because in Chattanooga there aren't any tornadoes #1 we're down in that valley there and the mountains block it off # 342: #2 Well I said here in Huntsville i- if a torna- tornado ever hits # here we're right surrounded by these mountains and if ever hits in here it's gonna #1 really do the damage because it, right over that # interviewer: #2 well that's what they say about Chattanooga if one should ever happen to form right over that gap # 342: #1 thing it-. Round and around and it'll just tear everything up in there # interviewer: #2 It'll just run around and around # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: and that's exactly what it'll do here if ever {X} #1 gets into th- # interviewer: #2 You know when they had all that # 342: #1 flooding they were very worried about the dam in Chattanooga it had a crack in it # 342: #2 Oh I know I know # 342: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: I was trying to think my parents of course live everybody in Hixon lives above the dam #1 but I sure was glad of it when I thought about it but I was talking about the # 342: #2 Yes. Oh no # {NS} interviewer: They said that if the dam broke the entire {NS} downtown Chattanooga would be under something like forty feet of water {NS} {NS} 342: Forty feet? {NS} {NS} interviewer: #1 Not te- not permanently but just when the water came through yeah yeah and of course that right # 342: #2 When it broke well it'd kill everybody and they'd drown right there # interviewer: where Chattanooga's built I remember my granddaddy who was a native of Chattanooga uh he could remember before the Chickamauga dam was built uh there used to be a railroad {NS} 342: #1 Man # interviewer: #2 {D: Delegrapher} # #1 yeah and he said that he said that he has seen water up to the second # 342: #2 {NS} # interviewer: #1 floor of the Reed House hotel there in Chattanooga # 342: #2 {NS} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 He saw people climbing out of the second story windows and getting into boats # 342: #2 {NS} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Oh {NS} interviewer: #1 Well it must be a pretty low area right there I hadn't ever realized # 342: #2 Yes it must be # interviewer: #1 but you know when you come around the freeway you're right # 342: #2 Yes! # interviewer: #1 there on the water all that was under water during that flood # 342: #2 Right there on the water mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Well I tell you this little flood down here and uh I said honestly {NS} uh of course ha- being a native here uh the Tennessee river so many people you know fuss about the dams #1 but I said my stars if they hadn't had the dams there's no telling what it would've done around here that's right # interviewer: #2 That's right # That's right 342: because uh I have seen many times {NS} {NS} and I I- will never forget one time that uh uh the water was backed up all the way back to uh {NS} not well back past lady flag way back this way{NS} {NS} and uh{NS} uh{NS} back to {D: Willerly} Road there there's a little store {NS} {NS} and that to Farly{NS} it came all the way way back there and we rode down to see it then and that uh water was up and there was a gentleman from here who had a little skiff and he was riding everybody out into that water {NS} and I- of course I've seen the river many times when uh it was just #1 all over the place # interviewer: #2 Yeah # yeah 342: and if it had been that way this time and with the rain that we had I- I don't know what it i- would've really uh and why people can't understand those things and don't count their blessings for what they do have interviewer: That's right but then they're all griping about T-B-A 342: Oh heavens interviewer: Over there in Florence everybody was angry at TBA 342: Well you know I couldn't understand that I said honestly if they had u- they they had t- they let all that water through if all that water had co- had gotten into where it was {NS} #1 everybody would have been # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: flooded out interviewer: #1 I haven't understood it either # 342: #2 {NS} # and that's another thing that I can't understand about T-V-A and the the prices of electricity you know people gripe and they fuss{NS} {NS} #1 me closing these things do you? # interviewer: #2 no # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: But they fume about T-V-A and I just can't understand why #1 people are gonna gripe about everything under the shining sun # interviewer: #2 Yeah they're just fine to do it however # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # What if the door is open and you don't want it open you might ask someone to what? 342: Close it interviewer: Okay And the kind of house that's build not out of brick but it's built out of boards that will run this way and lap over {NS} you ever hear that called siding or weather boarding or anything like that? 342: I've heard it called siding weather boarding too for that matter but siding mostly interviewer: Okay what about the part of the house that keeps the rain off of you? 342: Roof {NS} interviewer: and uh the part of the house at the edge of the roof {NS} the things that catch the uh {NS} uh #1 water as it runs off? Yeah right. I'm sorry # 342: #2 Gutter # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: I was looking, are those spurs or something on that uh chandelier there? #1 They look like little the ends of spurs poking down # 342: #2 Well they're supposed to be # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: Well that's really 342: The people who built this house uh we bought it from the people who built it {NS} and they had a little boy {NS} and he was very uh he he liked all of his western things you know {NS} and uh everything just about in the house they had that was in his room and they have uh {NS} uh {NS} light in one of the bedrooms that's like a an anchor of a thing you know and then {NW} this uh Bob picked this out and it has the little spurs and the interviewer: Well I think it's right attractive it just kinda #1 caught my eye that's why I was # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {X} # 342: #2 {NS} # interviewer: #1 stopped whatever I was saying trying to think # 342: #2 {NW} # #1 Yes those uh uh # interviewer: #2 it's very unusual # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: I've had several people ask me about that but it {NS} interviewer: What is that in the center? {NS} #1 Well that's just an arrowhead yeah # 342: #2 Yeah it's just an arrowhead # interviewer: #1 Well I'll be # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: {NS} What about the uh there in back there's a shed that's built out in back to store uh uh building built out in back to store things you'd #1 call it just a what? # 342: #2 A shed or a # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # #1 Well # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # 342: uh of course {NS} #1 Theres other things you call out houses too you know but # interviewer: #2 Oh right # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 right # This would be for storing #1 {X} # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: Do you ever hear? What if it's built on to the house would that make a difference? Would you call it a storage room if it was built on to the #1 house # 342: #2 I think so # Storage room would be what I would call it interviewer: Uh {NS} what about on e- a farm? a big {NS} building that would be built out in back to maybe put #1 cattle in or something # 342: #2 Barn # interviewer: Okay. And a place for storing corn? {NS} Hmm silo? Or Okay #1 Ever hear it called a crib or a corn crib? # 342: #2 Yes I sure have. # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 Have uh # 342: #2 Fact I # played in one many a day interviewer: Yeah I was just gonna say that w- didn't y- you probably grew up on a farm around 342: No I grew up right here in the city of Huntsville but uh {NS} the {NS} uh the reason that I do know quite a bit about a farm as I told you I {NS} #1 used to visit in Tennessee # interviewer: #2 Oh # yes that's right 342: And uh I have uh {NS} been i- on a farm quite a bit in my life when I was twelve years old I uh came from Nashville after a visit and on down to visit in Murfreesboro and I spent nearly a month with my aunt there and had to uh take over the house {NS} 'cause she had a bad spell of {NS} uh kidney stones interviewer: Good gracious {NS} #1 When you were twelve years old? # 342: #2 When I was twelve years old. # {NS} and uh she cooked for nine people so I had to cook for nine people {NS} We had two-hundred-and-fifteen chickens {NS} and they milked sixteen cows {NS} and #1 Uh. You're right! # interviewer: #2 I bet you know what you say to a cow to make her stand still while you're milking her # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # What do you say? 342: {NW} Well I didn't have to milk interviewer: Oh okay 342: They milked uh the boys milked but I had to do the cooking #1 My little cousin and I # interviewer: #2 Well I'll be # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # 342: And I- I tell you children today don't uh but we thoroughly enjoyed it. interviewer: Well yeah 342: They had a big two story house {NS} and {NS} they uh uh course this was a {D: full} hundred acre farm that my husb- my #1 my husband, my uncle was an overseer of # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: {NS} There was a doctor there in Murfreesboro who uh {NS} he was {NS} always buying up a farm you know and getting a new farm and every time he did why he took Uncle Joe to go to the new one you know and they had lived at the place they lived before that for six years. Well I knew everything about that house but {NS} uh I was brought up to work I was an only child but #1 believe you me my mother didn't believe in spoiling me # interviewer: #2 Well you know a twelve year old child nowadays # would just the way things have changed though couldn't stand the responsibility of something like #1 that # 342: #2 That's exactly right! They wouldn't know which way to start # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: We keep them we keep them #1 young longer we keep them irresponsible longer # 342: #2 uh they well that's right # #1 and then they have so many outside things to do but # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: uh we cooked on a big cook stove and had to put wood in the stove and {NS} uh I had to make biscuits every morning get up at four oh clock {NS} #1 for them to get out in the field # interviewer: #2 You got up before # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # #1 Uh # 342: #2 before daylight good # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: {NW} 342: and uh uh they they Uncle Joe would make the fire {NS} and uh then the nice thing about it though of course you hadn't we had no air conditioning we didn't know a thing about such things interviewer: enough people got along without it 342: and we got along beautifully {NS} but we'd in there with that old hot stove and I mean we'd have {NS} Sarah and I would get out there in the afternoon and uh go to the garden course they had a huge garden and raised everything except staples {NS] and we we had every day we'd cook two three kinds of beans you know peas or things of that nature {NS} everything under the shining sun just fill the top of that stove full and then Uncle Joe of course raised all his meat a big smoke house you know out {NS} where you could just go out and put hams up whatever you wanted any kind of thing and uh{X} we had everything in the world to eat but we would just uh Sarah and I late in the afternoon {NS} uh before the boys came in from the field we would go out to the garden and gather all that and have it ready to fix the next morning #1 and. Well we were ready to g- no we rode horses every night # interviewer: #2 Tell you what by the time the sun finally went down y'all were ready to go to bed I guess. # 342: {NW} {NW} interviewer: Boy 342: {NW} {NS} {NS} I tell you as I said I- I was reared in town but I know something about it and I was speaking of u- up there one day something was said at the library on break {NS} and of course the kids like for Mrs. Russell and I to get to talking about things that have happened in the past and something was said about cleaning lamp chimneys {NS} {NS} and uh {NS} so uh #1 they said, yes the old smoke # interviewer: #2 You mean those old lamps that burned the # 342: #1 th- old coal oil # interviewer: #2 yeah yeah # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 coal oil lamps # interviewer: #2 they'd get kinda smokey didn't they? # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: and they would smoke {NS} but that was all the light we had interviewer: Yeah {NS} 342: But they were huge big lamps you know and {X} called but the uh Aunt Nora had uh {NS} Aladdin lamps they were the big huge they put out real good light interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and then she had in the bedrooms of course she had the plain old {NS} {NS} kerosene lamps {NS} and every morning we had to clean all those lamp chimneys {NS} interviewer: What did you clean them with? 342: You cleaned them with just washed them with soap and water and polished them put them right back on the thing and saw that the wicks were {NS} #1 trimmed # interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: ready to go for the next night {NS} and uh when I they said something you know and some of them said well what in the world are you talking about cleaning lamp chimneys #1 and I said you all just don't know what work is # interviewer: #2 That's right # that's right {NS} 342: They don't! {NS} but we had our all the beds made up in that house we had th- the lu- the dinner was cooked and everything was ready by eleven oh clock in the morning and we had the afternoon {NS} but Aunt Nora had oodles of flowers and we'd have to pump water and carry it around in wash tubs interviewer: That's right, you uh you'd pu- prepared the hot meal in the middle of the day and then 342: #1 That's right and you snacked at night # interviewer: #2 snacked in the afternoon yeah right I remember that now # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # #1 and I lived for when I was very young # 342: #2 and # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 we lived in a real remote place over in East Tennessee where # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 I was in early junior high before we ever had electricity and I remember cooking on uh # 342: #2 Yeah # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: w- first we had a wood stove and then we got a 342: #1 Oil stove yeah # interviewer: #2 Kerosene stove yeah that had the oven that # 342: #1 Well that's yeah # interviewer: #2 went up on top of the burners # 342: #1 That's what we had at home at the time but of course I had cooked on cooked on a- a cook stove # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: My mother started me out when I was just knee high to a duck {NS} teaching me to cook and do. {NS} But I'd never made biscuits, mother would make the biscuits in the morning and uh {NS} I know when I went in we went in from the railroad station that afternoon why uh in fact the attack had hit Aunt Nora and {NS} her youngest little son came in from the field and find her on the floor it just knocked her to the floor and she couldn't get up and he ran about a mile and a half back over in the field to get his daddy {NS} and his his older brother and uh one of the brothers had come with his little sister after me {NS} and they in turn had uh they'd gotten she had sent a grocery list you know for them to get and we had a big old ice box of course you know {NS} #1 one of there kinds you lifted up and the big blocks of ice # interviewer: #2 yeah yeah, also they were supposed to # Pick you up and then do some and they had gone to the store and had gotten all the staples you know 342: the sugar and the flour and the coffee stuff that they needed like that and then they would 342: That water was the hardest water and nothing would lather in it interviewer: at what my wife is from Shelbyville and they still have a #1 problem with the water over there in middle Tennessee having all the minerals in it and everything # 342: #2 Yeah yeah # and I tell you I never have seen such water in my life and of course we'd have to scald everything you know to get anything off of it and uh then uh they laugh you know talking about washing in a wash tub with a and when I was growing up {NS} I used to have to go in from school in the afternoon kids don't know anything about that today but I used to have to go in from school in the afternoon and uh fill up three #1 three wash tubs you know # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 excuse me there is excuse me # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 That's my son I guess calling from Birmingham # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: from Birmingham but he's going to try to come on over there interviewer: {X} 342: Mm-hmm interviewer: Now that's a hard drive from Birmingham 342: Yes it's a hard drive but he says there's two other officers already out of the bank and he can't couldn't very well leave before Thursday morning to save his life and then he'll have to be back Thursday night {NS} interviewer: #1 goodness gracious # 342: #2 and his wife's # grandmother is right at the point of death down there interviewer: #1 In Birmingham? # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # {NS} said everything was happening at interviewer: #1 once it's just # 342: #2 Boy it seems like # #1 that's the way it always does # interviewer: #2 Oh, that's the truth when it # 342: as the old saying is it never rains but when it #1 pours # interviewer: #2 pours right # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # What about the uh the top part of a barn where people store hay and everything kids used to 342: Loft interviewer: Okay 342: Yeah I played in the lo- #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 Yeah, right # uh 342: {NS} {NS} interviewer: uh what about a barn built especially for cows where you might buy milk and butter and that kind of thing? 342: Dairy interviewer: okay 342: That what you want? #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 that'll be fine. What about a # Place righ- in a barn where you might keep a horse 342: Stable interviewer: Okay uh Have you ever heard the term milk gap or something like that for- for a place where cows are milked 342: No, I don't believe I have interviewer: What about a place where you might keep hogs? Or pigs? #1 What would you call? # 342: #2 Well, # uh that's a pig pen! interviewer: Okay 342: {NS} #1 I'd say # interviewer: #2 Uh # 342: {NS} interviewer: {NS} The- the fenced in area around the barn would you, have you heard that called the lot or the barn yard or the what? 342: Well I've heard it called both interviewer: okay 342: or the barn lot you know a lot of people do say #1 barn lots # interviewer: #2 Right # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # What about uh a place where cows and horses graze? {NS} #1 {D: there would} out in the # 342: #2 I'd say the # say the pasture interviewer: Okay you ever seen anybody get out with a hoe and weed cotton or thin cotton out? #1 uh, what do they call that? # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # interviewer: {NS} 342: uh well let me see {NS} interviewer: did you ever hear it called #1 chopping cotton? # 342: #2 Chopping cotton. # interviewer: #1 {NS} # 342: #2 # interviewer: You know something I remember just barely but I can remember my mother telling me when she was visiting relatives here that uh up until aw the last I guess the last twenty years or so they used to let the county schools out 342: #1 every year f- for # interviewer: #2 for chopping cotton # picking cotton 342: Well, let me tell you uh for picking cotton uh i- that's that there's gone on right here in this county up until {NS} I guess well I'll say the last four or five years #1 maybe # interviewer: #2 Really? # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # I thought maybe with the mechanical #1 cotton picker # 342: #2 oh # uh, it uh well until they were very plentiful now it may be a little bit longer than that but not too much longer that they used to uh they'd have to start to school the first day of or in August interviewer: mm-hmm 342: And they would go to school a month or six weeks and then they'd be out for cotton picking. interviewer: That's right I remember her telling me about that 342: Yes sir that was that's that was a thats that was a standard thing here in the county I know #1 for many years. # interviewer: #2 What about a big area where cotton's growing you # #1 call that a cotton wh- Okay # 342: #2 Cotton field # interviewer: {NS} What about, you mentioned a garden a moment ago what kind of fence are you most likely to see around the little garden patch? Would it be a {NS} A l- little white wooden fence that's comes to a point you'd call that a what? {NS} 342: Mm Well, let me see I don't #1 really know # interviewer: #2 some people call it a # 342: #1 paling fence or a picket # interviewer: #2 Uh well # fence #1 or # 342: #2 I'd # say a picket fence. interviewer: Okay {NS} 342: Do you know you call the th- the little boards palings, I mean they #1 used to say that # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 342: You know but it's a picket #1 fence around # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 okay # What about a fence that's where you keep cattle or something a fence that's made of a #1 certain kind of wi- # 342: #2 Barbed # wire interviewer: {NS} And uh back when the days when logs were real plentiful people used to split logs and make these fences out of {NS} uh #1 that run zig zag. Yeah # 342: #2 Rail fence # interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh {NS} now they have the wire fence and th- every so often the wire's tacked up to some what? 342: Post interviewer: Mm-kay And of course if you were up in Middle Tennessee you saw plenty of these fences made out of uh rocks out of the #1 field I guess # 342: #2 Oh # yes interviewer: What do they call those just a stone fence a rock fence or something 342: Well, I think most the time I heard it called a stone fence #1 Fence # interviewer: #2 Okay # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # Yeah, I- I don't believe there's a must not be any place in the United States where they get as many rocks out in a field as they can get up there in Middle Tennessee {NS} 342: Well, not up around Shelbyville {NS} Lord help that's the rockiest place that I have that I have ever seen I I think just about except in a a cavern or I mean uh {NW} #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 Between # 342: #1 out West # interviewer: #2 Shelbyville # Between Shelbyville and Murfreesboro I have seen houses, little farm houses {NS} sitting on just #1 Solid limestone # 342: #2 Rock # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: Na- there wasn't a there wasn't a #1 blade of grass growing anywhere they were just # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 built right on the rock # 342: #2 That's # beautiful country up between {D: Tidwell and Shelbyville} uh that winding road up there is perfectly beautiful that's that's prettiest country but oh those crooked roads and those hills My daddy used to tell me when I was little girl you know that uh you'd see them plowing those hills you know round round round and round round and used to tell me that they had one leg shorter #1 than the other {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 to keep from # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 falling down the hill # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: Oh me what about a uh your best dishes you might say well we're gonna have company we'll get out the good 342: China interviewer: Mm-kay {NS} and something if you had a well you might draw the water up in a what? 342: um- a bucket interviewer: Mm-kay Is a bucket the same thing as a pail? {NS} 342: Well, yes interviewer: okay That is to me #1 too we called it we cou- we could # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: carry water in the thing and it was a water bucket #1 and we could pour the # 342: #2 Yes # interviewer: water out and #1 put milk in it and it was a milk pail # 342: #2 and it was a milk pail, that's right # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 uh # 342: #2 and those old # cedar ones you know that they used to have with the bands around it interviewer: Yeah 342: you know interviewer: now #1 somet- somthi- # 342: #2 those are # water buckets #1 I mean # interviewer: #2 right # 342: used to have water buckets you know and the funny thing I I- think so often you know {NS} uh used to we went out I know when I was growing up we had a a little wash stand on our back porch and had the water bucket and of course uh we never had a well here in town #1 but it was # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: But we had a hydrant interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 342: But we had to go out to the hydrant about as far as from here out in the hall and uh draw your water and then you'd bring in that water and and set it down there with the dipper and everybody drank out of the same dipper {NS} and you know we didn't get too many #1 diseases # interviewer: #2 I know it # I know it 342: and used to you'd go into the country you know and and everybody'd drink out of the same dipper you'd just go to the uh water bucket and get a interviewer: That's 342: a drink of water out of the dipper and that was it interviewer: that's right 342: and an old gourd dipper at #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 yeah that's right I was just # #1 getting ready to say nine times out of ten # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: it'd be a gourd 342: {NS} {NW} true #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 What about the # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you were talking about cooking a minute ago what abou- what did you fry things in in uh what you still do what do you fry eggs in in #1 the morning? Okay # 342: #2 A # skillet. interviewer: Have you ever seen one with legs on the bottom of it? The three legs? 342: Yes I've seen them #1 Have you ever heard any- # interviewer: #2 I was trying # 342: to think uh have you ever heard a skillet called a spider? interviewer: No {NS} 342: {NW} interviewer: Is that one with legs on it? 342: {NW} No #1 But uh, I- I don't # interviewer: #2 Then why did they call it a spider? # 342: {NW} {NW} The funny thing this uh friend of ours in Columbus who is a they were neighbors of my sister in law's when they lived in Columbus and uh one day {NS} we were in Columbus visiting {NS} and Miss {D: Soule} was there and uh {NS} something was said and Louise was cooking and she had the skillet sitting on the stove and Miss {D: Soule} said uh well I think her grease was getting too hot you know and she hollered at Louise and she said that grease in that spider's getting too hot {NW} interviewer: Oh my goodness #1 You wouldn't know what in the world # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # I looked at her {NS} and I said what did you say? {NS} She said that grease in that skillet is getting too hot. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 342: #2 and that # spider's getting too hot {NS} interviewer: {NW} 342: {NW} {NW} My eyes I know #1 jumped {D: about} halfway out of my head # interviewer: #2 Well I guess so # 342: {NS} Because I had #1 never heard # interviewer: #2 that's a really a # strange thing to call a #1 skillet isn't it? # 342: #2 A skillet # is is called a spider and where they get the spider out of it I do not know {NS} interviewer: #1 what # 342: #2 but she # said she'd called that that all her life {NS} I mean in {X} #1 She'd known that as # interviewer: #2 well that's very strange # #1 I can't understand why # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: What about the big metal things that they used to boil the clothes in out in the back 342: Washpot interviewer: #1 Okay # 342: #2 That's another # thing I had to go home in the afternoon make a fire under and fill up those tubs {C: laughter} interviewer: I have a friend in Florence who's a a desk jockey and I heard hi- he gets all these little sayings I don't know where he gets them {NS} but he said the other morning that uh {NS} children wouldn't be so much trouble of they had to chop wood to keep the television set going 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 Amen # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: {NS} Amen I tell you I- I could agree with him there {NS} like I started saying awhile ago I used to have to #1 go home and- and uh # interviewer: #2 {C: Clock} # 342: #1 fill up these three tubs # interviewer: #2 {C: Clock} # 342: {NS} and uh wash on a scrub board interviewer: yeah 342: wash all the clothes over it and it was my job I was alone of course but my mother was working interviewer: Mm yeah those little scrub #1 boards {X} # 342: #2 and I had to go home and # scrub the clothes I had to go out and make a fire under the wash pot and boil those clothes in that washpot interviewer: after you got them all soapy you had to 342: and then you had to rinse them interviewer: How did you do that? Did you have a separate 342: #1 pot? # interviewer: #2 I had # 342: uh, well no I had three tubs interviewer: oh yeah 342: and I would let them drip of course as long I- hold them up with a wash #1 stick you know that # interviewer: #2 Yeah # 342: the stick that we poke the clothes with {NW} woo interviewer: What about have you ever heard now a man over in Morgan county told me about a battling board or something he said that he described it to me in a that they would poke the clothes around but then they would put them on a frame or something and hit them with a stick 342: #1 well you know th- they used to uh they used # interviewer: #2 and {D: you've got a battling board} # 342: t- d- uh they used to do clo- well they do now uh natives in uh many foreign lands you know will take them out on #1 rocks # interviewer: #2 and beat them # #1 on the rock # 342: #2 And beat them. # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # you know interviewer: We used to that in the Army when we had to have {NS} uh {NS} 342: Your #1 clothes # interviewer: #2 clean # #1 t-shirts, we would # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # interviewer: get in, all our t-shirts would be dirty and we'd get in the shower 342: #1 Mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 and # soap them up and then just beat them on the shower #1 wall and it would # 342: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 get the dirt out of them very nicely # 342: #2 that's right # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: kind- guess it was kinda hard on the cloth. 342: {NW} interviewer: Uh interviewer: What about something that if you cut some flowers out in the yard you might put some water in a what and #1 put the flowers in it # 342: #2 vase # I say instead of a vase interviewer: {X} 342: We used to have uh uh a- l- {NS} an old a typical old maid who worked at the post office here many years ago {NW} and uh it was just very funny, everybody knew about {D: Miss McCrakin's} vases #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh me I just can't, I've never been able to believe that there're people that really call them that a- you know 342: #1 Oh, she did # interviewer: #2 really called them that # 342: {NS} You- you just dare say a vase to her and you just ha- had it interviewer: Mm 342: That's all it took that was {D: Miss McCrakin's} vases {NW} a vase interviewer: When you set the table the silverware you put down what? You put down a what and a what? 342: Knife fork and #1 spoon # interviewer: #2 Mm-kay # 342: {NS} {NW} #1 Is that what you wa- # interviewer: #2 and # right, when you wash the dishes what do you wash them with? uh 342: Washcloth interviewer: #1 Okay and you'd dry- you- You ever cal- Okay # 342: #2 or a sponge or a dish cloth # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: What about a, what do you dry them with? 342: Well that's what I dry them with is a dish cl- a well you dry them with a cup towel interviewer: Okay {NS} What about a cloth that you wash your face with what do you call that? 342: That's a washcloth I say interviewer: and you dry your face on a {NS} 342: towel interviewer: Mm-kay {NS} and uh the thing that you turn on to get water {NS} in your #1 sink is a what # 342: #2 faucet # interviewer: Mm-kay and outside it's called a hydrant 342: {X} {NS} interviewer: I noticed you mentioned that a moment ago {NS} What about a big wooden thing you can buy these now I understand for something like six dollars each {NS} big wooden thing 342: a barrel interviewer: Right {NS} some, one of the students over at Florence State went up and bought about ten of those old whiskey barrels from the Jack Daniels distillery and brought them back to Florence and s- but he bought them for six dollars each brought them back and sold them for ten dollars each for people to make planters and #1 {X} cut them in half and make planters out of them # 342: #2 Oh yes, yes # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # people go wild over all of these antiques you know this interviewer: have you ever heard of a lard stand? 342: Yes sir interviewer: What is that? 342: Well it's a great big can interviewer: That's all it is #1 just a big # 342: #2 that's all # it is that is uh uh well it's uh {NS} let me see how many pounds I was trying to think how many pounds it holds #1 About so high and about that big around # interviewer: #2 (NS} # 342: you know interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 {X} # 342: #2 and that's what they call that's # When we used to Get the lard you know you'd have you'd get a stand of lard interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and when you get that {NS} I believe it's fifty pounds is what it #1 holds # interviewer: #2 now that'd be # pretty that'd a be pretty bunch #1 big bunch of lard # 342: #2 Yeah # interviewer: a can that size 342: and uh that was the type of thing that they used to buy I know {NS} and it seemed that it never did get too old #1 you know a lot of # interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: times uh lard will get or grease will get rancid you know but that type of thing if you after your lard is rendered and so forth why interviewer: What about butter when it goes bad, do you say that butter is rancid too? or just spoiled or 342: Well I should think i- it gets rancid too if it- keep it keep it too long {NS} interviewer: What about a thing that you've got a a narrow neck and jar or bottle and you want to pour water in it you might get a what to down in there to pour water in? 342: Funnel interviewer: Okay What about a uh thing that you might use to drive horses with to pop over their back 342: Whip interviewer: okay and uh if you go to the grocery store and buy your groceries there wh- if you're leaving you put them in a what? For you to carry. 342: Paper bag interviewer: Okay And if it's made out of, what is a sack? 342: Well uh a sack can be paper but most of the time I think uh uh a lot of times it's rag I mean uh materials you make it out of some sort of materials you can make a sack out of that or {NS} you know you think of sack dresses now #1 {D: huh lee} # interviewer: #2 yeah right # What about the big uh the heavy real coarse kind of sack potatoes used to come in what did they call that around here 342: Oh that's something I never can think of I was trying to think {NW} {D: Probably could} {C: overlap w/ interviewer} interviewer: #1 gunny sack # 342: #2 gunny # sack Uh interviewer: #1 Some people call it a burlap bag # 342: #2 yeah # Burlap bag interviewer: You know burlap a lot of people buy now put on their walls just like wall #1 paper # 342: #2 that's # what I'm going to make my {NW} drapes #1 out of I'm going to make my den drapes # interviewer: #2 yeah we had one time we had # some curtains that were made out of burlap and they were really 342: #1 They're my daughter # interviewer: #2 fine looking # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: my daughter has uh she has the idea of what I'm going to do with this interviewer: Oh {NW} {NW} 342: I told her I was gonna let her make them {NW} But burlap I never can think of that one particular thing interviewer: {NW} 342: I want to say burlap and I what I was trying to think of but as you say so often they'll say it's a gunny #1 sack you know # interviewer: #2 gunny sack # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # What about a what have you ever heard anyone refer to a turn of corn? Talking about a measure of corn or anything like that? {NW} 342: No, I don't believe I've ever heard it called that interviewer: What about a uh {NW} if the light if you turn on one of your lamps and it doesn't come on you might have to put a new what in it? 342: Bulb interviewer: Mm-kay And you used to gather eggs from those two hundred and something chickens in a what? 342: Basket. {NW} {NW} interviewer: What about a in the old days the women used to wear these big full skirts and they wore what under them to hold them out? metal or plastic or whale bone what? 342: uh well they wore a bunch of petticoats #1 for one thing # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: But you uh talking about the uh uh wait a minute Barbara's got one upstairs right now I know what you're talking about a hoop interviewer: Mm-kay yeah we used to hit uh my mother and grandmother used to sew uh {NW} for that cotton ball #1 thing that they used to have on the Chattanooga and they used to have a # 342: #2 Mm-hmm, mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 big hook # 342: #2 # We had the sesquicentennial here in nineteen-fifty-five and we everybody had to wear hoop skirts and that's the reason Barbara's is up my daughter's or rather I wore it it was one of the uh ladies that was working at the library and she told me she said you just take that thing and keep it I don't want it {NW} so it's hanging up in my attic #1 right now # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Well, you never can tell it might #1 come in handy some time # 342: #2 Well that's right! # Some of these days you know you might want to make a costume or a #1 dress or something and it # interviewer: #2 right # and if you should ever want it #1 That's the kind of thing that'd # 342: #2 That's it! # interviewer: #1 be impossible to find if # 342: #2 that's right # interviewer: you didn't already have it stored #1 somewhere # 342: #2 you just # can't find them interviewer: What about a little thing like a barrel except nails or something like 342: Keg interviewer: okay And something made out of wood that you might put in the end of a bottle to keep the liquid from coming out 342: {NW} Stopper {NW} {NW} interviewer: What about a thing that a man blows on and plays Harp #1 Okay, what if he # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: flips it this way and played it 342: It's a juice harp interviewer: #1 That'll pinch your lip if you don't # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {D: watch it} # 342: #2 {NW} # Yes it sure will. {NW} interviewer: What do you use when you're driving a nail in a {NW} board or 342: Hammer. interviewer: {NS} Okay {NW} and the {NS} thing on a wagon that sticks out in the #1 Front # 342: #2 tongue # interviewer: Okay {NW} What about if it's a buggy? {NS} 342: #1 Uh, uh yeah # interviewer: #2 if it's got two of them sticking out sticking out # 342: I had forgotten what you call #1 those things # interviewer: #2 you ever hear them # called shaves or 342: Oh yeah, it's the buggy shaves interviewer: Okay 342: I've ridden behind many a horse in a buggy I used to think that was the grandest #1 thing in the world # interviewer: #2 Oh uh # {NS} yeah {NS} #1 We used # 342: #2 to get # interviewer: to have an old uh {NW} not really a buggy but a nice wagon 342: #1 Mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 that I used to love # to drive 342: Well we of course as I said when I was growing up and we had to go go to the country we used to as I told you awhile ago we used to ride horses every night interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: Uh, there were uh there were six couples of us that all would get together there was some neighbors that had horses and one of the boys had a brother who had a big black horse that I rode all the time and we would ride into Murfreesboro and around the race track and the fairground #1 there and # interviewer: #2 oh yeah # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: uh {NW} just had children really don't know how to really enjoy themselves now interviewer: #1 They've gotta be entertained all the time # 342: #2 Oh, yes # #1 We didn't # interviewer: #2 You know that's # still a big thing up there though course that big #1 walking horse business thing, yeah yeah # 342: #2 Mm-hmm in {D: Chevrille} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: Well it was really I think it really started out more or less in #1 Murfreesboro, apparently {D: there was a} # 342: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 first one to have a formal horse show # 342: #2 That's right mm-hmm # interviewer: There we go What about a before you'll see people in the spring time before they can plant they have to get out and do what 342: #1 plow # interviewer: #2 to the land # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Do what? 342: Plow interviewer: Okay and after that to break up the clods and everything they run a what over it? 342: Mm interviewer: Some people call it a 342: cultivator interviewer: All right or a harrow or 342: #1 Well, a harrower # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 too they # interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: have to {NS} interviewer: And uh 342: but they have a cultivator that breaks up a lot of it too interviewer: yeah 342: course they used to say harrow. I mean they used to harrow it all time cause they had that thing that pulled along #1 behind it # interviewer: #2 Yeah # what about a s- they got a stump or something out in the field they'd have to hi- they say yesterday we hitched a chain to that stump and what it out of the field? {NW} Mm #1 Is a # 342: #2 {NS} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 Drag it out # 342: #2 e- # interviewer: #1 Drag it out # 342: #2 well # interviewer: #1 Pull it out # 342: #2 {D: it'd be} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Drug it out I guess I don- {NW} interviewer: What about a thing when and then you had a wood burning stove. Out in the back they'd have a rack that was shaped like two X's and they'd put a log in here and saw it. What did they call it? 342: #1 Hmm # interviewer: #2 They call it # Some people call them saw horse or #1 saw rack or saw {D: buck} # 342: #2 Well uh # it's a saw horse most of the time I think that they I've always heard it called interviewer: Okay 342: If they put them there and get out there and have to {NS} interviewer: Yeah 342: #1 Saw across # interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: {D: sitting} interviewer: What about a thing that men used to have to sharpen their razors on leather 342: Mm leather strop interviewer: Mm-kay 342: Or strap {NW} interviewer: I've th- I've always heard it called a strop #1 I don't know whether it's spelled with an O or an A or how it would # 342: #2 I have too # interviewer: #1 be spelled # 342: #2 I I- # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Mm- don't know really I've never paid too much attention to it but I know my daddy had one and he always said he was had to strop his razor. interviewer: Yeah #1 What about a # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: and you- yo- you {NW} uh n- work on your hair with a comb and a what? 342: Brush interviewer: Okay. {NS} What about a couple of kids will take say a saw horse and they put a plank over it and go up 342: Seesaw interviewer: Right you'd say they're out there doing what? 342: Seesawing interviewer: Okay 342: {NW} interviewer: What about a uh a you ever hear of a flying Jenny? 342: Yeah interviewer: What is that? 342: It's a thing very similar to a merry go round #1 Th- # interviewer: #2 or is it just a plank? # 342: {NS} interviewer: #1 That went around? # 342: #2 It's a # Yeah uh well I think in the olden days they'd kind of fasten one down and it'd go around and around and around b- course you know you speak y- you {NW} hear a good many old people {NS} uh older than I am may I say {NS} that uh they speak of merry go rounds you know as a #1 flying Jenny # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 342: {NS} But uh I think mostly it was originated by just putting a plank on something and interviewer: Mm 342: turning it around and around and around fastening it down where it would could go around interviewer: Mm-hmm I think that's probably what it was 342: and they'd ride it but uh {NS} interviewer: What about something you had uh when you had a stove that burned coal or something a metal container that you had to hold the coal in next to the stove. 342: Scuttle interviewer: Okay, is that what you carried the coal in with #1 too? # 342: #2 Mm # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: and a thing and moving rocks around in your field or something you'd uh you might have one of these its got one wheel on the front and then two handles 342: Wheelbarrow. interviewer: Okay and something a small thing you sharpen a knife on? 342: Uh an emery well you could uh you mean one of those #1 little rocks? # interviewer: #2 right # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Some people call them #1 whet rocks # 342: #2 Whet rocks # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # #1 Mm # interviewer: #2 What about a # big one that's got a handle on it you might #1 keep it in the barn # 342: #2 Grind stone # stone interviewer: okay {NS} You're right on these #1 {NW} # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: uh 342: {NW} interviewer: #1 If you h- # 342: #2 I tell you I # been in the country interviewer: #1 right right # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: What about if uh if a wheel on a wagon or something is squeaking you might have to put some what on it 342: Oil interviewer: Mm-kay or if it's a down in the {D: herve} you might get a big can of what? 342: Grease interviewer: Yeah and do what to it? {NS} could you say you're gonna what the wheel {NS} 342: Uh #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 would you just # say you're going to grease 342: Grease it interviewer: #1 okay # 342: #2 it'd be # what I would say interviewer: Mm-kay 342: to get it #1 wet with a streak # interviewer: #2 and you get your hands all # #1 what? # 342: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Greasy interviewer: Right uh tooth paste comes in a what? 342: Tube interviewer: I used to say what is inside a car tire but you know they don't make car tires with inner tubes in them anymore 342: No they #1 don't # interviewer: #2 {X} # I just use the tooth paste #1 {X} # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 Ah # 342: #2 inner # tube {NW} #1 Oh me # interviewer: #2 The uh # {NW} they don't {NW} I didn't realize that until one summer I tried to buy an inner tube for my kids #1 to use swimming # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 and those are hard to # 342: #2 {NS} # interviewer: #1 find now you used to could go to a filling # 342: #2 you just can't # interviewer: station and for a quarter you could #1 buy an old inner tube # 342: #2 find all # sorts that had been patched up #1 maybe they didn't have but one # interviewer: #2 Right # 342: patch on them patch them and take interviewer: and now unless you buy a new one 342: #1 that's right # interviewer: #2 down at Sears or # something you don't get one #1 filling stations don't even {D: bother handling} # 342: #2 You sure don't # interviewer: {NS} uh do you ever hear or have you ever heard the people around here use the term right smart to mean a lot he owns right #1 smart {D: a land} # 342: #2 yeah right # smart of land interviewer: okay 342: Yes I've heard it many times {NS} interviewer: uh if somebody wants you to try some soap powder or something like that they're liable to give you a free 342: Sample interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh something that you wear when you're cooking to keep the food 342: Apron interviewer: yeah {NS} uh {NS} if somebody has a very nice dress on you might say well that sure is a what kind of dress? 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 Would you # 342: Well pretty interviewer: okay 342: Or attractive {NS} I'd say pretty interviewer: Okay. Do you make any difference between something that you write with and something that you pin your clothes together with do you call them both a pen or do you call one of them a pen and the other one a pin {NS} 342: #1 Well I # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: think I call them both a pen interviewer: Well I do too {NS} 342: #1 To say {NW} # interviewer: #2 I have an argument with # some of my speech teacher friends over at the college say you're not supposed to but I say 342: Well where in the world I mean if it's they're both well of course a pen if you say it distinctly uh pin of course you would say it #1 P I N # interviewer: #2 but people in that part of the # #1 country don't make that {D: difference} # 342: #2 You just don't do # that you don't uh speak that uh {NS} correctly {D: I was} suppose that's what you'd call it but that distinctly I should say interviewer: Well 342: #1 uh i- by saying a pen # interviewer: #2 yeah som- maybe in some part # 342: or a pin interviewer: right 342: you know to come out n- and say it in that #1 manner # interviewer: #2 yeah I- I've # I've I've never heard it around here If a man buys a 342: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 three # piece suit the pieces would be what? 342: Uh well I would say the pants and the coat and the #1 vest # interviewer: #2 okay # uh and you might talking about a dress or a something might say a coat I tried that on yesterday and it {NS} just what? 342: Fit interviewer: Mm-kay {NS} Uh if a man wears out his old suit he might go down and buy a 342: New one interviewer: Mm-kay, a new suit? 342: A new suit interviewer: kay if you put If I put rocks or hickory nuts or something in my pockets it'd cause them to what? 342: Bulge interviewer: Right {NS} and if now this is what they don't do any more either but in the days before everything was {X} if you washed a shirt it might what? 342: Shrink interviewer: right 342: {NW} {NS} interviewer: uh 342: Well it'll do it sometimes now if you put them in #1 dryers # interviewer: #2 I was # Just getting ready to say I- maybe I spoke too soon because I put on a shirt the other day that hadn't ever worn but once and the sleeves came up to about here on me when I #1 put it on and an- # 342: #2 I know # interviewer: my wife had apparently #1 thrown it in the dryer with the wrong batch of suds or # 342: #2 Ye- yeah # interviewer: something 342: and gotten it #1 too hot # interviewer: #2 too hot # 342: and you do that and this this stuff that we have now this polyester and knit and all that sort of stuff and if you dare put it in a a dryer I don't have one but my daughter does and I know uh the ladies that I work with up there there's one of them particularly who uh she has made nothing but double knits and two of her dresses {NS} I was {NS} amused at her uh she uh rooms with this elderly lady so Elizabeth had been sick {NS} and she had been to Florida, her home's in Florida and she had been to Florida but she had left these dresses and this uh {NS} land lady of hers had uh thought she was helping her out and she washed those things and slammed them in the #1 dryer # interviewer: #2 Dryer # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: {NW} interviewer: Oh no Well I noticed uh now you see on all of the the commercial laundries #1 {D: and everything there} # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # interviewer: u- uh washateria #1 thing it has # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # interviewer: a note on the dryer not #1 put double knit things in there # 342: #2 well that's right # interviewer: {NS} What about the thing that you carry your money in? {NS} 342: Billfold or purse #1 Is that what you # interviewer: #2 Okay # 342: want? interviewer: okay and besides a r- a watch, you might wear a what on you arm 342: bracelet interviewer: Mm-kay and a thing a man might wear to hold his pants up if he doesn't wear a belt 342: suspenders interviewer: Mm-kay uh {NS} uh you wear it ar- you've got uh beads around your neck you'd say that's a what of beads? 342: Necklace interviewer: #1 Okay, you ever heard # 342: #2 or a # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: String of beads or anything? 342: String of beads according to what {NW} what kind it is interviewer: yeah {NW} But there's an old song string of pearls I #1 believe that Tommy # 342: #2 Yeah # interviewer: Dorsey or #1 {D: somebody like} Glen Miller # 342: #2 Yeah # interviewer: Somebody used to play 342: I think Tommy Dorsey played that and interviewer: What about something if it's raining you might #1 put one up over your head? # 342: #2 umbrella # interviewer: Mm-kay Now uh something after you make up the bed you put a what on top of the bed sp- uh over it 342: Bed spread what you want me to say, counterpane? #1 Oh yes # interviewer: #2 well have you ever heard {D: calipan or calipane) # that? 342: I had one my mother {NS} had a beautiful white one of these you know that were the raised looked liked embroidery on it you know {NS} and on our guest bed and I had a little dog when I was growing up {NS} and uh she didn't course she stayed in the house all the time but uh she loved to ride in the car and I'll never forget one morning mother took me to school and it'd been pouring down pitch forks just pouring you know? {NS} and she came back and she wouldn't let Trixie go and she had j- we had just let Trixie in the house after she had been out {NS} and he was white so when she ca- when she went back in of course Trixie had been right up in the middle of the bed the minute she heard mother mother down she went with this red clay you know #1 where she had # interviewer: #2 aw # 342: been out in a part of the yard interviewer: Well that won't {C: 342 overlap {NW}} come out either 342: No she had to work she went ahead and washed it right straight of course and and it had not gotten enough on it but {NS} her little old tracks were all over that interviewer: Yeah 342: course and you know what she got interviewer: Yeah I can imagine {NS} 342: #1 I don't blame her # interviewer: #2 {X} # on the old beds they used to have a pillow that went all the way one pillow that went all the way across 342: Bolster interviewer: Right and uh 342: I imagine that a lot of these questions if you asked younger folks that {NW} interviewer: #1 No they # 342: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NS} {NS} interviewer: When up in the {D: mar in locks} out there in Hixson when I was home not long ago and was looking through some old #1 stuff of my grandmothers that we had not even looked at # 342: #2 yes # interviewer: looked at we just threw up in the loft there and she found a bunch of quilt {D: pocks} that had already been pieced and 342: oh interviewer: all that she needed to do was go out and find some #1 batting # 342: #2 somebody # to and some batting an- and the lining {C: overlap w/ int.} {D: for them and have them} #1 quilted # interviewer: #2 she made us those # and gave them to us for Christmas and I can't get my wife to use them you know she'll say oh I'm freezing to death and I'll say well let's ge- the get quilts and {D: no} she'll say no the quilt's not warm so we get into this whole thing all over again yeah a quilt's as warm as #1 as anything no # 342: #2 Well, I- I # disagree about blankets I- I like blankets and their soft but and light but um uh so many people course are li- they have the same idea interviewer: mm-hmm 342: but I- I was brought up with #1 quilts and # interviewer: #2 well I like # #1 to feel a weight on me # 342: #2 an- you- a- # the weight and and then it I don't know you can just sort of snuggle down and #1 and twist # interviewer: #2 that's right # 342: a little bit and it gets right next to you you know and it keeps you good and warm you had to sleep under five or six of them interviewer: right What about a when you had a lot of company and no place to not enough beds you 342: Pallet interviewer: right {NW} 342: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 press down on the floor there # 342: I do that in my living room for all my grandchildren a lot of times {C: laughter} interviewer: Well they love it too 342: Oh they do love it they just {NS} {NS} interviewer: I guess uh {NS} we all, y'all weren't cut off during the flood from the other we were you know we were cut off completely in Florence we couldn't get out of Florence #1 every road into and # 342: #2 well we # The funny thing my husband was supposed to go to Little Rock #1 Arkansas they ha- # interviewer: #2 is he still with the # fire department 342: Uh no he retired three years ag- {D: well be} three years in July {NS} but uh uh they were to go to Little Rock, Arkansas to make their invitation for the state tournament or the south eastern tour- bowling tournament here he's a life member of the #1 bowling association here # interviewer: #2 He's really into bowling in a # #1 big way isn't he # 342: #2 oh he # bowls lord help us {NS} I tell him that when I- I always told him all our married life and I- I tell him that uh {NS} when I get ready to die if he's bowling he'll say wait till I get back and then you {NW} course that makes him mad you know? {NS} Uh but uh he loves his #1 bowling, so # interviewer: #2 Well he couldn't get out to go to # #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 Arkansas? # 342: #2 well the # funny thing that morning uh of course {NS} uh we heard it raining but you know you when you're sleep halfway and uh you just didn't realize you know it had rained that #1 much # interviewer: #2 right # 342: And of course when I got up {NS} uh I looked out the back and it's low back down in a little part of our lot back here and uh there's a big field back there there and once before the water had gotten up and gotten almost up to our storage house back here interviewer: Hmm {NS} 342: one time {NS} and uh but after that uh the side of our lot out here I mean it's the alley ways supposedly and they put then three of these huge pipes in across the alley way you know to carry this water and that's the first time that it has been up but it got up into our little storage house down on the lower end of the lot {NS} that morning and when I got up and looked got up and looked out of course saw all that you know and then we of course I got him up because we were he was going to get ready to leave they were to leave at eight oh clock interviewer: yeah, yeah {NS} 342: You couldn't get anywhere {NS} finally his brother was going and uh the funny thing there was uh one of the bowlers that was supposed bowl on their team {NS} uh this was on a Friday morning you know interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and on Wednesday night {NS} this man had bowled {NS} and then he came down with a kidney stone and they had had to put him in the hospital and he had not passed it so it went on and uh they didn't think that Charlie was going to get to go {NS} and he was about to die interviewer: yeah 342: on that account #1 you know # interviewer: #2 yeah right # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # 342: so uh anyway Claude had already gone and called and called to get somebody else you know to take Charlie's place with their team interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and he had gotten this {NS} guy to say that he would take it I mean would go but he wasn't going to leave until the morning that they were going to bowl Saturday Saturday morning and drive on into Little Rock. Well uh Charlie this man that I was speaking of their uh team here uh worked {NS} to issue the invitation that night they were to be in Little Rock that night at seven oh clock to some sort of a banquet or something well uh {NS} during the morning anyway after they found out and one of the men lived way over on the other side of town where you couldn't get out cross or anyway you know around and about {NW} so finally uh Claude says well I'll leave and go get Howard and see if I can if I can get over there to him he called they'd been {D: forwarding} backwards and forwards {NS} so he goes by and gets his brother could get #1 that way over in east part of Huntsville # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # 342: he went by and got them and uh then they had to go way over in in northwest Huntsville a part the way of Northwest but it was {NS} off of seventy two over there {NS} and he finally had to go all the way around the world and he got over to Howard's {NS} well, before he got to Howard's this man's wife had called {NS} and the man had passed the stone and he was going with them if he could catch them if not he was going to {NW} interviewer: My gosh, now he's really a dedicated bowler 342: Well she'd called and she says Miss Heron and I said what? Is chief gone yet? I said uh well yes I said they been gone about long enough to get over to Howard Campbell's I'll call him see if I can get ahold of him {NS} well would you please tell him to call me Well, I called over there and uh {NS} so I ask Howard, I said Howard {D: answered the} phone. Well, I knew of course they hadn't gone you know interviewer: Yeah 342: and I said uh Howard, has Claude gotten there? and he says, well wait mrs Heron I think chief's driving up in front right now well Claude came in and I told him what Charlie's wife had said. {NW} So he calls her and here she is way back over here on the other side of Huntsville and can't get to the hospital over here {NS} to get Charlie out of the #1 hospital # interviewer: #2 Well # I'll be that the town is really 342: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 that's a # I saw the {NW} television of the mall which mall is it the governor's drive uh #1 right where the governor's drive # 342: #2 uh # interviewer: comes into memorial park right where everything was underwater? I know 342: No, it was right across from Dunnavant's I think what, the worst part that you saw was right down here {NS} uh it's where uh {NS} uh Dunnavant's mall as you come down interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 342: #2 {NS} # and you turn on to governor's drive #1 there # interviewer: #2 yeah # right 342: it's- it was Dunnavant's mall it didn't get up into the store uh into Dunnavant's there interviewer: #1 but all the {D: ice} # 342: #2 it did # interviewer: #1 {X} # 342: #2 get into # interviewer: #1 some of the asphalt some of # 342: #2 some of the parts there # interviewer: pretty deep there 342: but uh in the uh the these little stores that are down {D: a long} interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 342: #2 they had just # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # put in this little new women's shop there interviewer: yeah 342: and they had finished it up and honestly it just it was #1 all # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: glass and it just {NS} #1 took everything # interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 and Claude said when # interviewer: #2 {D: I saw that} # 342: #1 they got back # interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: where they- they drove over here I never did get out anywhere I just stayed right at home {NS} I said they told Carl and told me not to try to come to the library because down in front of the fire department there were some of the cars down there #1 underwater # interviewer: #2 underwater # #1 completely, I saw that on the television, yeah # 342: #2 yeah # {NW} Well, anyway well to make a long story short they finally got Charlie out of the out of the hospital about eleven oh clock and they left at twelve interviewer: #1 and they went h- # 342: #2 and some of # the other bowlers had already said that they were going and they got t- they could go to Nashville interviewer: #1 Yeah # 342: #2 and go across # from Nashville to Little Rock interviewer: {NW} #1 Now that's some really dedicated bowlers # 342: #2 {NW} # Well, believe you me they'll go far and near to {NW} {NS} interviewer: What are some of the creeks around here names of some of the creeks 342: Pinhook Creek interviewer: Pinhook? 342: Mm-hmm and uh Indian Creek interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: Pinhook creek is this uh creek that you see uh that you cross coming in interviewer: Oh, yeah right 342: Right there at Dunnavant's mall {NS} you know that was the worst part I mean one of the worst places {NW} {NS} interviewer: Well what about uh a not a something bigger than a hill y- have you ever heard of a geographical thing called a knob? 342: Yes interviewer: What is a knob? {NS} 342: Well uh it's it's larger the one thing I can say is that it's I mean if you just go up a little hill interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: You know {NS} that's a hill but if you get into a good size place it's called a knob interviewer: Okay what a- m- m- even bigger than that something really big would be a what? {NS} 342: Mountain interviewer: Mm-kay uh what about a big rock face on a mountain that's maybe a couple of hundred feet high is a what? straight down 342: precipice interviewer: Okay, you ever hear it called a cliff or a 342: yeah interviewer: and if it's got water coming over it there'll be a big 342: waterfall interviewer: Mm-kay uh what are some of the different types of road surfaces? {NS} 342: Asphalt and concrete and Hmm {NS} gravel interviewer: okay, what about the black sticky stuff? 342: Mm tar interviewer: Mm-kay and then a country road might just be plain 342: Gravel interviewer: okay {NS} #1 uh # 342: #2 or # dirt interviewer: okay 342: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 do you remember when they used to come around and # spray oil on the roads {D: in} you could hire a man to come around and 342: #1 Hmm # interviewer: #2 put oil on the road in front of the house to hold the dust down I remember that now # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: Yeah and I've ridden over many a dirt road too behind the old buggy and and the old horse {NS} cloppity clop clop clop #1 and we used to # interviewer: #2 {D: raising tide?} # 342: walk you know all the time, everywhere we'd go and I said honestly uh uh- uh- {D: is} {NS} there's speaking of being in the country used to it would thrill me to death that we just walk miles you know take off and go from here to yonder and and uh uh- just walking interviewer: yeah 342: #1 you know take out # interviewer: #2 just the front of it # 342: around there in the lanes and we used to have to go we we had an old Ford car {NS} and we went up and one of my aunts lived down in the end of nowhere {NS} and uh {NW} you went uh {NW} to Rover Tennessee Do you know where #1 that is? # interviewer: #2 No, I don't believe I do. # 342: We- you- it's about sixteen miles from Shelbyville interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: {NW} #1 But it's sort of # interviewer: #2 Rover Tennessee? # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: Yeah it's it's um going on toward Eagleville interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: You know you've heard of #1 Eagleville I'm sure # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm, yeah I know # where Eagleville is 342: Well you go on uh on the highway on the the I think well I believe they've paved it now since Aunt Mary passed away {NS} but anyway you get on this little uh place there at Rover {NS} what we call Rover there's a country store you know and a and you'd leave the {NW} main road there and honestly great big old boulders in the middle of th- and rocks you know and interviewer: yeah 342: you'd go over this way and of course you know your axles #1 and things were way up # interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: high on these little wheels you know about so big {NW} that {NW} that two miles were the worst {D: than} interviewer: yeah 342: going all the way up #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 {NS} # what about uh if you're walking along and a dog runned uh would run out at you and walking along a country road and a dog ran out barked at you you might pick up a what? and throw at it 342: Stick? interviewer: okay or a 342: a rock interviewer: Mm-kay and if you knock at somebody's door and nobody answers you say well I don't guess they're 342: home {NS} interviewer: Okay {NS} #1 uh # 342: #2 or # here {NS} interviewer: Mm-kay {NS} uh If somebody is not going away from you they'd be coming 342: toward you interviewer: Mm-kay {NS} you might come home and if you've run if you see somebody you haven't seen for a long time you might come home and tell your husband well guess who I ran 342: into interviewer: Okay and if a child has the same name as his father you say that the child is named 342: after his father interviewer: what do you say to a dog to make him attack another dog {NS} 342: #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 you might say # sic him 342: sic him interviewer: okay 342: {NW} interviewer: {D: What about a small noisy dog maybe yaps a lot ever hear anyone call them a thing like a feis or a feist?} 342: yeah, feist interviewer: Mm-kay uh you ever hear anybody use the term dog bit? {NW} that he was dog bit instead of bitten by a dog 342: Yes I've heard it interviewer: That used to happen to postmen a lot I don't think it does anymore 342: Well my, this youngest son of mine uh carried the mail here for uh two summers {NW} and down here in uh well not too far from here in one of the uh housing projects and the one of these uh black men over there had They don't want to be called negroes you know now interviewer: right they have to called #1 Black # 342: #2 and not colored # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # but anyway this colored man that we called him of course and he had this great big bulldog and he came out at Joe Donald one day and Joe Donald told him he says I wanna tell you right now either you put that dog up on a chain or he's gonna be a dead dog interviewer: right 342: he said I'm gonna tell you I'm not putting up with it we don't have to to so he uh he fastened his dog up but interviewer: they're scary those #1 those bu- bulldogs # 342: #2 oh # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # well I had a narrow escape one time uh in nineteen forty I took census and I went started oh about uh it's about four five six miles down the highway now down the parkway then it was uh {D: whites call Whitesburg} and uh {NW} {D: the Flemings} down there at that time they owned well they owned practically all the land on both sides {NS} and what's all built up now and they had this huge big red barn back over on one side from their home and all these little red cabins where the darkies lived #1 you know that worked their # interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 342: farm {NS} and it was back they were back a good little piece and kind of uphill off of the highway and I parked my car and started up the pathway going up to the first one {NS} and they had a wire fence around the this one well the little houses were just one room places and uh this it was you know you just look in the door and it was dark #1 you know # interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: sort of inside {NS} {NS} well it was of course in the early spring and the grass big high grass you know that had fallen over and was brown and all {NS} and it so happened that uh {NS} I saw this {D: negro} woman in the house and I was just {NS} sort of humming and singing to let her know that I was coming up that way you know and the little children were down playing in a little path down below there {NW} so uh {NS} on uh this side of the f- uh gate they had a uh wooden slat gate you know type thing with a hook barrel hook you know just #1 down over it # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # 342: so on this side of the thing was this huge big hole and uh on the other side course it was fenced {NS} and this {NS} grass laying down there and I didn't pay attention I just walked on up you know to the gate and she was insi- in the house and u- just as I raised u- started to raise that hook up off that gate this huge bulldog made a leap for me and if it if that hole had been on this side of the s- {D: their} thing he would've hit me and probably knocked me down no telling what interviewer: my goodness 342: {NW} because he was {NS} you know what we call a brittle #1 bulldog # interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: #1 you know? # interviewer: #2 that's right # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 342: and very much the color of that grass interviewer: he had been right there and you didn't see him 342: and he was asleep interviewer: {NW} 342: a- he- he- {NW} he was one of these huge tall dogs you know? great big old bulldog {NS} and I stood there and she yelled at him but she had to go out and get a piece of stove wood to make him get back and leave me alone {NS} but the funny thing after I got through with her census after I went in and and got their record and I had to go down a path {NS} my car was way on down you know on the highway parked off of it and I had to go down this path and he was laying at the side of the path down there with the children {NS} and she told me she said duh I've never been afraid of dogs interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: but I tell you that really shook me up #1 when he # interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: jumped at me because as I said if that hole had been there he would have just leaped right at me before I even knew what had me interviewer: Mm-hmm and he was so big that he 342: #1 would've knocked me down # interviewer: #2 that's right # down right 342: well I she said uh Miss Heron I don't think he'll hurt you said uh uh if you show him and says he sees that you hadn't hurt me or done anything and said I don't think he'll bother you at all if you {NS} don't {NS} pay any attention to the children interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 342: Well I took m- set my foot in the path and started on down I thought well I'll try it and so he was as close to me as that book is right there and I just went on down the path and he just laid there with his interviewer: Boy that took a lot of courage 342: Head on his paws you know I mean he just he just laid there and interviewer: #1 yeah # 342: #2 looked # at me well when he saw that I wasn't gonna #1 hurt any of them # interviewer: #2 yeah # right he was just 342: #1 he # interviewer: #2 defending # 342: #1 he was just # interviewer: #2 his house # 342: defending the house {NS} but boy you talk about it was a narrow escape it really shook me up there for a while {NS} and from there on believe you me I let people know I was #1 coming # interviewer: #2 right # 342: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 right # Did you ever have any mules at any of these places th- where you #1 lived or worked or # 342: #2 oh yes # mules and horses and cows and {NS} interviewer: What about a- uh baby cow's called a what 342: calf interviewer: Mm-kay have you ever heard anybody talking about when a cow's going to have a calf they say that the cow is going to 342: Calve interviewer: Okay what about a ma- female horse is called a what? 342: mare interviewer: Mm-kay, any special term for a male? 342: #1 Hmm # interviewer: #2 was it called a # stallion? 342: stallion w- what I think we've always heard them #1 called most # interviewer: #2 Mm-kay # 342: #1 of the time # interviewer: #2 the # Thing that you nail on the bottom of a horse's foot 342: Is a horse shoe interviewer: Kay and a horse's foot is called what? 342: hoof interviewer: Kay, and all four of them are all four of his what? 342: Legs? interviewer: Okay but the- you say one hoof, four what? Would you say hoofs or hooves? 342: Hooves interviewer: Okay what about a male sheep? What's he called? {NW} 342: Mm interviewer: Ever had much experience with a sheep? 342: No I haven't I know they're the- female is called a ewe and the interviewer: #1 you get what # 342: #2 male- # is a ra- uh no interviewer: Ram? 342: #1 ram is that right? # interviewer: #2 lot of people call it that # 342: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what do the- g- they get when they cut sheep #1 They shear shee- okay # 342: #2 wool # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: What about a male hog? You ever hear him called anything? 342: Boar interviewer: Yeah and he has big what? big long 342: tusk interviewer: Yeah 342: that's another thing I had experience with this old gentleman that uh he had a little cabin uh house it was a not a little more than a cabin it was a regular little house when he had his big farm home here and he had to go through this uh well I called it a pig pen to get across to this little house and he asked me if I'd been over there and I said no and he said well Miss Heron I'll go with you cause I don't want that boar out there to bother you so we went across in our very uh cautiously took my way across that pig pen and we got over there and I got the it was a little couple with a baby interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and that girl walked across that thing all the time with that baby you know and he was used to her I reckon but that didn't make too much difference little bit later on this old gentleman was so nice to me about cause I asked uh you know if there were people back behind him or people that I couldn't find #1 you know or # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 342: couldn't even see the houses and what have you and he carried me way back over in there where the houses were you know he told me I wouldn't I wo- couldn't find my way but he could and he graciously carried me back there and I got the censuses of course of these people lots of people that I ran into didn't even know what a census taker was they'd never hear of them interviewer: I can imagine 342: and I had many funny experiences interviewer: #1 I- I was just gonna say man taking the census must really have been something # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # I tell you I had some of the funniest experiences that I ever had #1 in my l- l- # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: life I had a laugh and course I'm the type of person that I just get a big kick #1 out of {X} # interviewer: #2 well that kind of thing # thing is really enjoyable if you're the right kind of person you know that can #1 see the use of some of it # 342: #2 I thoroughly enjoyed it # and uh but anyway what I was gonna tell you it wasn't but a few weeks after uh well I said a few weeks I guess it was about six months after that but this same boar he started out through that lot and he attacked him interviewer: #1 Aw, the old man? # 342: #2 and he # died from it interviewer: #1 {NW} # 342: #2 # interviewer: #1 goodness gracious well now I've heard that they course I'd always heard it was the like the sows that were the worst to get after you # 342: #2 mm-hmm # Well this was a boar an- and uh he he really went after him got him down and just really interviewer: Yeah well they can really 342: fixed him up interviewer: yeah what do you h- what terms have you heard for the sound that a calf makes when it's lonesome or calling for it's mama? Do people call that a bawl or a blade or a bleat or what? 342: Well I would say bawling interviewer: Okay, what about the sound a cow makes at feeding time? You ever hear that called a moo? 342: #1 Moo # interviewer: #2 or a {X} # Moo okay What about the sound that a horse makes? People might call that a whinny or a wh- 342: whinny interviewer: Okay uh what about an old hen that's trying to hatch eggs? What do you call her? 342: Uh well when she sh- ruffles out her feathers and let me see been a long time since I raised chickens interviewer: {NW} we used to call them broody hens some people called them setting hens 342: Setting hens interviewer: Okay 342: was what we usually interviewer: When you had a mother hen with little chickens they used to have kind of a thing that like this that had slats in it you'd put her in there to 342: chicken coop interviewer: right and what about the part of the chicken when you kill it and fry it and then two people pull on it and make a wish? 342: Pulley bone interviewer: Mm-kay uh you ever heard of the term {D: haslets} {D: haslets} or chitlings for the 342: chitlings interviewer: okay and uh you ever hear anyone call cows in from the pasture? 342: yes interviewer: What do they say? 342: Uh well let me see what was it uncle Robert used- I've heard him call them interviewer: #1 they call him sook cows? # 342: #2 soo- # interviewer: sook 342: uh sook sook sook they'd yell that {NW} interviewer: uh any certain any difference for the kind of call they had for calves or would they just 342: I never heard of the calves usually came with the mamas if they were there interviewer: you were talking about riding horses what when a horse is standing still what do you say to make him start 342: get up {NS} interviewer: Mm-kay and uh what about to uh 342: Whoa interviewer: yeah right #1 to stop him # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # interviewer: Uh do you know how what to make him turn left or right? 342: Mm well all I know is you can well you can say gee and haw interviewer: right #1 okay # 342: #2 {NW} # interviewer: What about people Interviewer: you couldn't eat the outside rim of the bacon 342: because it was it'd be hard #1 it'd be # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: #1 salty # Interviewer: #2 what # they call that the bacon 342: rind Interviewer: rind, rind #1 yeah, yeah, that was # 342: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: n- n- the salt {D: ain't} just like a rock or something it'd be so hard 342: oh it would be hard and it uh but there's nothing better than than this streaked lean meat Interviewer: #1 oh yeah # 342: #2 if you # get that with a skin that where the salt course you have to wash it but you if you slice it {NS} {NS} and get several {NS} pieces of {NS} where the lean goes through it and slice it uh course back when I was a little girl growing up we didn't have much bacon then you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: Mother would get that and it would be slice she'd slice it real thin and uh you'd slice it and come down to this heavy piece of skin and she'd slice it under that and always save the skin part then to cook in the green #1 beans # Interviewer: #2 yeah # right what about the uh did you make your own sausage? Or did uh have you ever seen #1 sausage made # 342: #2 oh # yes {NS} I've seen it made quite a bit {NS} I that's one thing that I've never done though is been around hogs at hog killing #1 time # Interviewer: #2 oh okay # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh if meat begins to go bad you say that meat smells like it's 342: spoiled Interviewer: mm-kay a man who cuts meat an- and things in a #1 store # 342: #2 butcher # Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} #1 uh did they ever say it turned it ever turned souse meat or head cheese # 342: #2 yes # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: and they 342: souse meat Interviewer: okay, that's where they boil #1 {X} # 342: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: uh 342: and I love it #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 it's good stuff # 342: {NW} Interviewer: #1 have you ever heard of anybody putting pl- making just regular souse and then putting a little bit of corn meal in with it and letting it sit up that way, is that still called souse? Or is that called # 342: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 something # 342: #2 as far as # I know it is {NS} Interviewer: what about uh milk when it begins to go bad and gets kind of lumpy 342: clabbers Interviewer: mm-kay what about a diet food that's made out of that uh wh- 342: cottage cheese Interviewer: Okay 342: {NW} Interviewer: Did uh, you talk about separating the milk, did you ever see anyone churn the milk or? 342: Oh gosh Interviewer: They had to pour it through a cheese cloth to do what to it before they'd churn it 342: Strain it Interviewer: Okay 342: #1 But I # Interviewer: #2 did # 342: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 churn many a # 342: day Interviewer: have you ever, with one of the old {D: dashers} 342: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 churns? # 342: sir Interviewer: you know up north a lot of people have never seen those, they have the a churn that looks like a barrel 342: #1 and turns this way # Interviewer: #2 with a crank # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # #1 And I didn't know what in the world, I had some friends from uh Minnesota # 342: #2 my- {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: and they brought one of those and they were so proud of it, it was an antique and I didn't even know what it was 342: {NW} Interviewer: They said it was a #1 was a churn # 342: #2 my aunt # #1 had one of those she got # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 one # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 uncle Jo-, well uh # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: uncle Joe uh his sister uh husband got it for her Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and it was a new fandangled thing of course you know as the old saying is and Interviewer: yeah 342: uh oh man he was so they were so proud of that thing and but uh {NS} I've churned many a days sit there churning churning #1 churning and read and # Interviewer: #2 I can remember # #1 cleaning my hands # 342: #2 and # Interviewer: #1 dirty as # 342: #2 watch # the thing you know and watch the butter come and then you'd have to stir up the butter and get it all and then you have to work that water out of that the milk #1 and then # Interviewer: #2 right # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # #1 then what do you put in the butter mold # 342: #2 water at # Kids don't know how {NW} Interviewer: #1 What about the kind of pie that's made where you get uh fruit # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: boiling and then drop dumpling kind of stuff down into it 342: Kind of pie? Interviewer: Yeah, it's it's uh, you ever hear it called a 342: Cobbler pie Interviewer: Okay, uh 342: whenever you do that but I I mean {X} top and a bottom to it and boil the fruit #1 I mean {Int overlap} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: bake it with juice in it where it comes out and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: Nothing better Interviewer: boy that's right 342: {NW} Interviewer: What about a sweet liquid that you might serve with pudding that you might put on it 342: Sauce Interviewer: Okay uh and in the morning you have a cup of what to get the day started 342: coffee Interviewer: if you were getting ready fix or to make coffee would you say I'm going to make some coffee or fix coffee or how would you say cook it boil it what? 342: I'm going to make coffee Interviewer: okay 342: I would Interviewer: and if somebody were thirsty he might ask for a what 342: a drink Interviewer: uh, of what? 342: a water Interviewer: okay, and if it was not in a cup it might be in a you didn't give 342: glass Interviewer: okay uh {NS} let's see, the uh something you might say to a guest at your table what would you 342: help yourself Interviewer: kay. and uh if somebody passes you some food 342: have some Interviewer: #1 okay if somebody passes you some food and you don't want any you'd say # 342: #2 {NW} # No thank you Interviewer: #1 okay # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: W- what 342: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: care for any Interviewer: right, what about food that's uh been cooked earlier in the day and not eaten up in a meal and you maybe uh heat it up again and use it for another meal 342: warm it over Interviewer: #1 okay # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and you might say that meat was so tough I could hardly 342: chew it Interviewer: okay what is mush? 342: well it's uh meal and water or milk Interviewer: milk okay 342: cooked together or put together Interviewer: uh {NS} let's see what about corn that's been soaked in lye that's about oh so big around? 342: hominy Interviewer: Mm-kay what do you throw at a Wedding? 342: rice Interviewer: okay that's the only way I've ever figured out to get rice I you can if you try to there's no way you can describe rice to anybody #1 without saying it # 342: #2 no # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # no {NS} Interviewer: #1 Any terms you've ever heard around here for cheap whiskey or homemade whiskey? # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # uh well uh hmm {NS} the old saying about rot gut #1 you know you've heard # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: that Interviewer: #1 pretty descriptive # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if you had a very sweet smelling flower and wanted to share it with someone you might say here just of that 342: smell of that Interviewer: uh you remember when they used to make molasses with the old uh 342: oh boy Interviewer: #1 the old # 342: #2 I've # seen molasses made #1 quite a bit # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 did they use the # 342: #2 that- # Interviewer: #1 mill that the horse # 342: #2 the big # #1 mill with the horse # Interviewer: #2 the mule would turn # 342: #1 going around # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: {NS} in fact over at um uh horse {D: pens} forty the last time we were over there they had a big uh sorghum mill #1 going # Interviewer: #2 did they really? # I-I don't never seen one 342: and they had uh they had the sorghum cane right there and they were selling the cane you could buy the cane or but they had the the old poor mule was just going #1 round and round and round # Interviewer: #2 round in circles yeah # 342: course the pans and the boiling and cooking and #1 stirring you know and # Interviewer: #2 that's mighty # fun stuff 342: and uh they were selling it and uh over there and this uh they just had stacks and stacks of sorghum cane Interviewer: mm 342: you know and uh I told them I said well the only thing I want with that sorghum cane is to eat it Interviewer: that's right I can remember I stopped and bought at a farmer's market some sorghum cane just for the kids because I knew they'd never #1 ever seen anything like it before # 342: #2 get a chance to no # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: I stopped and got them some what about a uh something like molasses or sorghum that's made from uh maple 342: syrup Interviewer: okay uh the opposite, something that's not artificial is what? you'd say that's not imitation leather that's what gen- 342: genuine Interviewer: mm-kay Something that's sold in large quantities is sold in sugar is sold in, you ever hear the term #1 bulk # 342: #2 bulk # Interviewer: okay 342: yes Interviewer: and uh you might out of say grapes and uh peaches and things you might make either some preserves or some jam or some #1 what # 342: #2 jelly # Interviewer: mm-kay and the black stuff and white stuff that you sprinkle on your food to season it 342: salt and pepper Interviewer: Okay uh let's see what about the center part of the cherry the little hard part what's that called? 342: well it's a cherry seed Interviewer: #1 Okay, what about a # 342: #2 uh # well and they call it the if it's a peach seed Interviewer: #1 sometimes the call it a cherry pit or a # 342: #2 pi- yeah # cherry pit is what I was fixing to say about that and {X} peach seed Interviewer: mm-kay what about the peach that has the seed that's real tight in the center that's hard to get out what's that called 342: uh now wait a minute that's a clear seed no a clear seed is where the peach comes off Interviewer: right 342: and then the other one is uh hmm Interviewer: some people call them a plum 342: plums yeah plum peaches won't come off #1 I mean they'll # Interviewer: #2 that's right # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: that's what you make pickle out of Interviewer: yeah, right now I just learned that about two weeks ago at one {342 overlap} #1 these interviews I # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: #1 What about the uh core the the inside center of an apple that you throw away # 342: #2 {NW} # yes the apple core Interviewer: okay uh what about the type of nut that grows in a garden that people will uh you buy at a circus or something 342: peanuts Interviewer: okay, you ever hear them called anything else? 342: goobers Interviewer: okay what is it that grows on the trees a nut that grows on a tree and it used to be in a I mean it starts off in a thing about that 342: walnut Interviewer: a what? 342: walnut Interviewer: right and it'll stain your hand 342: you're right Interviewer: and 342: black green and yellow Interviewer: yeah if you get that soft green part is called the what? 342: mm- the hull Interviewer: okay and then if you get that off you've still got the what? 342: you've still got the uh shell Interviewer: okay what other kind of nuts are grown around 342: well pecans and hickory nuts {NS} Interviewer: what is the kind of fruit that they grow in Florida that you make juice that you drink in the morning 342: oranges grapefruit Interviewer: what about a little vegetable that looks like a small turnip except it's red? 342: beet Interviewer: uh, smaller than that red and white 342: radish Interviewer: mm-kay 342: My husband loves them Interviewer: #1 Does he really? I was just gonna say I don't really care for them too much. . What- # 342: #2 {NW} oo. Yeah, he sits # down to a meal for I- I buy the radishes buy those great big little boxes {NS} he thinks he has to have three four radishes every time he sits down for a lunch or dinner #1 at night or # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 supper # Interviewer: #2 {D: on the hot side for me} # 342: yeah Interviewer: what about the here I have trouble describing this something that you slice up and put in a salad or a hamburger or a- it's red 342: Onion Interviewer: okay or a red one that uh is real juicy a fr- a fr- I don't know if it's a fruit or vegetable 342: tomato Interviewer: okay #1 vegetable isn't it yeah # 342: #2 ye- # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # No it's a fruit Interviewer: is it? yeah okay 342: tomato is a fruit #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I have never, I'll think of it # uh what kind of potatoes to people grow around here in the garden 342: Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes but people call them yams Interviewer: Okay #1 that's the same thing as a sweet potato # 342: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: what about a a long green kind of thing #1 something like # 342: #2 pepper # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: no it's uh, something like well 342: cucumbers Interviewer: No its a you you can either stew it or fry it you can cut it up and 342: okra Interviewer: okay uh if you take an apple or something and put it in the window where the sun shines on it the skin will get all 342: swiveled Interviewer: okay uh with green beans, what do you have to used to I guess you still do but 342: crack them Interviewer: right and #1 string # 342: #2 snap them # Interviewer: {X} 342: or string them and snap them is #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 right # uh what about uh have you ever heard the term leather britches for dried beans? hung up and dried 342: mm well no for green beans I I don't Interviewer: what other kind of beans do they grow in a garden around here maybe besides green beans? 342: well they grow butter beans and butter peas and #1 black eyed # Interviewer: #2 what's the difference # Now I've never heard of a butter pea 342: you haven't? Interviewer: Is it just a green pea, like a 342: and English peas Interviewer: is it like an English #1 a butter pea? # 342: #2 no it's # uh very much like um a butter bean I mean a lima bean only it's uh a rounder and it's a white Interviewer: oh yeah 342: it's uh is very much like the old fashioned white beans #1 you you know {int overlap} # Interviewer: #2 yes # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: but it's it's it has a much more delicious flavor than a white #1 bean # Interviewer: #2 well I know exactly what # what you're talking about I've eaten them but I just thought they were unusual white beans 342: No #1 uh there little # Interviewer: #2 butter beans # 342: butter peas that's what they're called Interviewer: what kind of vegetables come in heads 342: cabbages and lettuce Interviewer: Okay uh what is it that on an ear of corn that you have to strip off before you can cook it? {X} 342: kernels Interviewer: no the green leafy stuff 342: oh shucks #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay and # what about corn that's served on the cob do you hear that referred to a sweet corn or {D: roving ears} or anything like that? 342: well uh yes but uh corn on the cob can be most any kind of corn far as that but uh most people prefer sweet corn when they're eating it but when you're gonna cook it that way but um and then uh of course roasting ears there's been a term that I've heard all my life for is corn period Interviewer: alright {NS} what about on the corn stalk the little thing that kind of waves in 342: tassel Interviewer: okay and what is it that kids no, on a corn ear of corn the string stuff that you try to get out 342: silks Interviewer: okay 342: have to silk the corn Interviewer: #1 right, you can never get it all out though no matter how hard you # 342: #2 no # #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 try # 342: care how hard you try Interviewer: what about the big y- yellow or big orange thing that kids make a jack o lantern out of? 342: pumpkin Interviewer: okay and similar thing except it's yellow and you cook it and eat it 342: squash Interviewer: okay uh, what kind of melons are most common around here? 342: watermelon Interviewer: okay 342: cantaloupes Interviewer: okay, any mush melons? 342: mush Interviewer: #1 mush melons and {X} melons # 342: #2 well there's # very little difference I think in mush melon and cantaloupe Interviewer: well I've never #1 been quite sure of the difference myself # 342: #2 they're # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 342: #2 # uh I don't know exactly the what the difference is I know of course they they call most of them uh a mush melon uh, usually is what uncle Joey used to say was that they were a little thinner skinned and they were #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 are they # smoother skinned? 342: uh smoother skinned than a uh cantaloupe they're not like a honeydew melon they're not you know a honeydew is real smooth Interviewer: yeah and it's almost #1 white # 342: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # but uh a mush melon uh has a well a mush melon really if uh uh the one's that I know about they've had a much sweeter flavor {NS} to the Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: but I like cantaloupe Interviewer: I do too what about uh uh the little things that grow that look like little umbrellas or something you make a steak sauce out of them you know or you could say a steak smothered in what? 342: onions Interviewer: or or uh you ever hear um uh mushroom 342: mushrooms oh yes Interviewer: and a poisonous mushroom or something that looks like a mushroom that's poison is a what? 342: toadstool Interviewer: #1 okay # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 uh # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: somebody might say well his throat was sore he could chew the meat but he couldn't 342: swallow Interviewer: okay uh what kind of owls do you have around here 342: hoo owls Interviewer: uh they're the big ones 342: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 aren't they # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: {NS} I'll bet you did #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 oh # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what about the kind of a bird that pecks holes in a tree? 342: wood pecker Interviewer: okay and a s- black and white striped animal that smells very bad 342: mm polecat Interviewer: do you know that one of those things I don't know how wandered right into the main buildings at Florence State University the other day, nobody knows where he came from but right in the heart of downtown Florence uh a wild skunk walked in and everybody was running #1 for the hills # 342: #2 {NW} I don't # blame them Interviewer: broad daylight and the newspaper photographer was there trying to get a picture of it everybody 342: {NW} Interviewer: what kind of, what is a varmint {NS} {NS} 342: well, let me see what what I call a varmint Interviewer: I mean would it be an insect or a #1 mouse or a # 342: #2 no it's an animal # Interviewer: #1 okay # 342: #2 # but I would I would say that rats or #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: well chipmunk is not a varmint Interviewer: okay 342: #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 what about a squirrel # 342: squirrel is not a varmint I don't think Interviewer: okay, what kind of squirrels do you have around here mostly the 342: gray squirrels mm-hmm Interviewer: what about uh big frogs that you hear at night? 342: toads Interviewer: #1 The th- th- big deep voice # 342: #2 I mean the the # uh bull frogs Interviewer: yeah and the little tiny ones, you ever hear them called anything 342: tree frogs Interviewer: right that's just what I was gonna say that's I'd heard them called what do what kind of worm do most people use to fish with? 342: mm- earthworms Interviewer: okay and if you're fishing and uh an animal with a shell might get your bait and hang on {NS} 342: turtle Interviewer: a-okay, what if he lives on land? Is he still called a turtle? 342: mm well, yes no he's he's called a uh Interviewer: some people call them gophers 342: go- uh- well Interviewer: or a terrapin or 342: terrapin #1 is # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 342: is the land turtles Interviewer: what about in a little creek? Little animals with pinchers that run backwards I mean not little animals fish and they they look like little miniature lobsters 342: they're uh uh now what am I trying to say? {NS} {NS} Interviewer: crawfish? 342: Crawfish? you mean is that what you #1 talking about # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh 342: things that the little boys grab and run at girls #1 are all over the place with # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # #1 my wife teaches kindergarten she took one from a little boy just the other day it's funny you should mention that # 342: #2 oh my # stars above Interviewer: what about the things now the #1 that might # 342: #2 tad poles # Interviewer: #1 alright # 342: #2 I was # thinking about #1 them too I was # Interviewer: #2 right # 342: what I was trying to think of awhile ago when you said that and then the #1 crawfish # Interviewer: #2 they'll make yeah they make # frog 342: yeah Interviewer: what about the uh the kind of butterfly like bug when you're sitting outside at night and have a light on here come around #1 fly # 342: #2 moth # Interviewer: #1 okay you ever hear them called a camel fly or anything like that? {C: 342 overlap [oh yeah]} # 342: #2 oh yeah # the I think there's a difference between candle flies and moths Interviewer: hmm okay 342: uh for the simple reason that course candle flies are just they look like {NS} miniature butterflies {NS} but the a moth uh {NS} I have {NS} gotten moths that were big enough to go in a half gallon jar Interviewer: good grace that's right th- my wife showed me a #1 picture once of a I think she called a Luna moth or something that was # 342: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: #1 his wings must've been # 342: #2 we had a # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # we had a a screened in back porch {NS} at my home on {X} avenue which I still own over there {NS} uh {NS} one night my mother and I were sitting there in on the back porch course we didn't have air conditioning Interviewer: #1 or # 342: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # machine there and I was embroidering and I happened to look up on the screen and there was the most beautiful moth I think I ever saw in my life {NS} and that thing was {NS} every bit and I wouldn't be exaggerating well he was so big that I went out and caught him he was just stuck right up on that screen and I caught him and put him in a half gallon fruit jar Interviewer: my gosh 342: and uh his wings were so big that I took him out immediately because I saw he's gonna #1 ruin his wings # Interviewer: #2 yeah right # 342: o let him fly of course they say you know a lot of times I've often heard that if that uh pollen or the dust or whatever is on their wings you know something or another. If it loses off that they can't fly Interviewer: I've heard that too 342: and I I got him out but I took him and put him in this great big half gallon fruit jar and he was almost as long and well that was with his wings shut up you know of course when he opened he couldn't open them out Interviewer: my 342: but that was the prettiest thing I #1 one of the prettiest # Interviewer: #2 yeah they're beautiful # 342: sights that I ever saw and it was just a pale pale- #1 green # Interviewer: #2 green # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # right #1 had the real feathery kind of feelers on him yeah I've seen those # 342: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 342: #2 # Interviewer: what about the little bug that's tail flashes when it flies at night? 342: oh the the little firefly Interviewer: okay uh 342: lightning bug Interviewer: right, what about a a big bug that's got a body kind of like a pencil and clear wings, you ever hear them called a #1 snake doctor or? # 342: #2 yes # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: #1 and they always believe # 342: #2 grow it on # Interviewer: #1 there's a snake around # 342: #2 snake # around when that they've got a long body but those little bitty #1 fine wings # Interviewer: #2 that's right # 342: out this way Interviewer: what about a bug that get on you if you're out there picking blackberries or in the grass or something and 342: oh chiggers Interviewer: right 342: yeah Interviewer: what about 342: red bugs #1 somebody call some of them {int overlap} # Interviewer: #2 red bugs, right # 342: call them you know red bugs Interviewer: what about a little flying animal that bites you m- 342: mosquito Interviewer: yes 342: {NW} Interviewer: now what about some stinging insects what are the different 342: ants Interviewer: no um flying insects that sting 342: oh uh {NS} hornets and uh uh wasp Interviewer: does uh the is a wasp sting worse than a hornet or 342: I think a wasp sting is just about one of the worst stings a yellow jacket doesn't sting much Interviewer: a dirt dauber doesn't sting 342: and a dirt dauber doesn't sting at all Interviewer: #1 now which # 342: #2 yellow jackets will # sting but uh a wasp will really Interviewer: Yeah. 342: as the old saying is sit down on you Interviewer: right which one is it that nests in the ground? {NS} 342: hmm one of those? Interviewer: yeah, isn't it one of them that which one which one is it that builds the big paper looking nest? {NS} 342: wasp do that those little sections in the thing it they- they build it up in the corners #1 you know and around and about and uh # Interviewer: #2 alright, alright # 342: {NS} Interviewer: #1 kind of like a honeycomb looking thing # 342: #2 but uh yeah # and a dirt dauber will get into things and and pack dirt of course you know around that's what they're called and Interviewer: yeah they get in your barn or something #1 yeah they won't sting you but they'll make you scare you to death they'll make you hurt yourself. Listen I it's getting late and I # 342: #2 yeah they'll make you hurt yourself they- # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 342: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 342: #2 # {X} {NS} Interviewer: Well, I wonder where I left it 342: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: uh #1 there is one # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: now #1 past the end I guess it's # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: been in their house for about thirty five years and she she she knows her notes but she never learned to play and to put anything together {NS} but uh I used to play for the church and I play the organ some and I I uh Interviewer: you used to play for the church? 342: yes Interviewer: #1 well you're a regular pro then # 342: #2 {NW} # yeah I played for the church for many years #1 and, oh yes it was uh # Interviewer: #2 so tell me did your trip to Oak Ridge was it all right I mean considering # 342: considering what we went for of course but uh the uh uh weather was when we left there it rained all day long on Interviewer: #1 came pretty much to the rain right after I left here # 342: #2 oh # #1 Yes it certainly did I # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: thought about you where were you when that #1 came # Interviewer: #2 just the other # side of Athens and uh it kind of scared me and uh it kind of scared me #1 because the wind was really bad and I couldn't get a radio station on the radio to find out if I was in a tornado # 342: #2 oh it blew # well that's right well uh {NS} there were no the wind was not bad but it rained {X} on uh let's see we left here you were here Tuesday we left Wednesday morning and Wednesday night uh we were supposed to leave the house and go to the funeral home course the family you know to be there {NS} at a certain time and I want you to know just about an hour before we were supposed to leave I thought it was gonna take the roof off the house along with everything else you couldn't see you couldn't see from here to that tree it was just a solid sheet of rain thundering and lightning storming Interviewer: yeah 342: and it uh let up so it was still I mean it still sprinkled rain and it was still raining when we came out of the funeral home and it rained more or less all night and then the next day it rained right on up through the funeral but not I was thankful that it did let up enough you know that we could get to the uh graveside #1 without # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 342: being having to but you had to wade water practically to #1 get there # Interviewer: #2 well I bet you did # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: and it was it was a mess and then when we left there we left shortly after as I told you I didn't know what time we'd come back whether we'd come back earlier that afternoon and but since my sister in law had broken her arm and we were kinda anxious to get back see about her and uh we left uh well we ate lunch you know usually a place like that now they have some much food stuff and everything and they insisted that we stay and eat lunch and help them eat up part of it you know and our two sons had come one of the ones from Birmingham one from Cartersville had both come over there and they had left they had to get back to their jobs so {NW} they ate however before they left and then we took off and it was real funny just as we were leaving Oak Ridge another one of those horrible rain storms hit and we came through and Claude thought he was gonna have to drive off and stop Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: there for a few minutes and uh but fortunately it finally did let up but the the windshield wipers were doing no good whatsoever #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 now that's the way it was # #1 the other night I finally pulled over # 342: #2 yeah I thought about # you and I told Claude I said Lord I hope that boy didn't get caught in that #1 rain I tell you # Interviewer: #2 {NW} well it was # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # it was {X} 342: and it just hit #1 so suddenly # Interviewer: #2 I know it # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # I know 342: you know I wasn't even thinking about it raining when you left here Interviewer: I was driving along the road and all of the sudden I thought gravels or something were hitting the car it was big drops of rain 342: oh I know Interviewer: and then the wind was blowing so hard that the rain was coming #1 across in front of the car this way and I can say the windshield wipers weren't doing anything to help {C: 342 overlap} # 342: #2 yeah just in sheets you just didn't do any good # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: #1 but I had gotten # 342: #2 but it was # Interviewer: to that uh that park the other side of Athens where they've got a place that you can 342: #1 yeah pull into # Interviewer: #2 pull into and I just # pulled in there and sat for a few minutes and it let up 342: let up well uh it let up uh right after we left got out of it at Oak Ridge and then before we got home the sun was shining {NS} this weather has really been something that I tell you these tornadoes they've been Interviewer: what about that what'd we got sixteen in Alabama 342: yes sixteen of them and uh Jimmy our you- uh oldest boy called us from Birmingham uh Sunday night was it Sunday that all of them hit? #1 yeah late s- # Interviewer: #2 I believe it was # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: and uh Sunday night where we had uh you know it had been so terrible here it had been it had rained constantly all day long and then it let up late in the afternoon you know but it a- a- th- clouds would gather you know and they look clear like it's gonna clear up and then all of a sudden you know it would start over again and uh we drove out then I had uh prepared some food for my sister in law because uh her husband cooked which you know this right hand broken and all so I thought I told my husband I said well I'll fix her some uh because {D: Borris} just looks for his sweets he's got to have a little something sweet Interviewer: yeah 342: so I made some banana bread and I did that's one thing then too after I got home from church and had prepared this stuff to take out there and uh we first called them and told them we didn't know whether we were gonna get out there or not cuz it just looked so bad we just rather be at home you know but then it cleared up a little bit and we went on out there and stayed for a few minutes and we got back and Jimmy called us then and his uh uh his wife's grandmother uh she was ninety one years old and she had been seriously ill in fact he said that at the funeral the other day when he got back to Birmingham she may have passed on you know but uh anyway when uh he called and he says mother are y'all all right? {NS} and I said what do you mean are we all right? and he said are you all still in one piece up there and I said yes we are why honey? and he said #1 well {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: {D: he said well I didn't know if y'all are alright or not} and like that and I said why what in the world's happening he said well started pouring out here in {D: Terrence} city and they tell me that there's pieces of of mobile homes hanging up in the l- wires everything else out of {D: Terrence} city and they're digging people out they don't know how many's hurt how many's been killed Interviewer: yeah 342: and uh he said that he knew that it struck in {D: Bessemer} but he didn't think that it did much damage over in {D: Bessemer} they don't live {D: Bessemer} they live out {X} Interviewer: yeah 342: a new section you know off of that {NS} area out there {NS} course he had called to tell us that Miss Singleton had passed away that morning but he said I wanted tell you about that too and he said it didn't even hit down there that it had not rained until about five oh clock Interviewer: well I'll be 342: and said then all of a sudden the bottom dropped out Interviewer: oh we've had the craziest weather I just don't know #1 this last year has been just unbelievable # 342: #2 {NW} I don't know it really has # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # before we start this business uh Helen Moore the one who volunteered me you know the one who told #1 you # Interviewer: #2 right # 342: uh she a- wanted to know if you needed any other volunteers up here {NS} Interviewer: I'll have to check and see 342: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 uh # 342: #1 the reason she # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: asked she uh she says {NW} she's course she's nuts #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: but she uh asked me she says she lives out here in the country out close to {D: Raleigh} Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: you know out going out seventy-two Interviewer: right {NS} 342: and uh she said you needed a black person out there that she was pretty sure that this woman was a native uh of around here and said that uh she says Elizabeth I'm telling you she used terms uses terms that I've never heard of before she said now if he wants to get somebody like {NW} Interviewer: I'll have to check when I get home I've got a I've got my black interview for this area but it was not a very good one and uh 342: well she said to call her and let her know and she would run down there and find out about her Interviewer: oh okay do you have her number can I just #1 call her from the {D: land line?} # 342: #2 yeah you can call her # well you can call her here if you want to or oh you mean call her after you get home Interviewer: yeah I don't mean right now no I just I'll have to check my records 342: #1 and and see what you've got well she said that # Interviewer: #2 yeah and then I'll just write her and tell the library # 342: she was one that she was pretty sure you know you stated that you want- wanted one uh not educated or through the eighth grade you know {X} and not up to that even that standard if possible and she says I'm pretty sure that she hasn't gone up there but says I tell you she uses terms that I've never heard of Interviewer: uh and this lady's name is what? 342: it's uh Missus uh Vinny Moore is what her name is is Helen Moore if you call at the library she'll Interviewer: Okay 342: #1 and she's in the extension # Interviewer: #2 well I have # 342: department of course if you call the library and ask for Ms. Moore she's there Interviewer: I'll have to check when I get home and see but uh yeah this is this is the kind of thing that I like is to find somebody who lives #1 in the area who knows you know {C: 342 overlap} # 342: #2 well # uh she thinks that uh I mean she said that she would be glad to run down and check and see but she says I'm almost positive she was born around here and I told uh uh Helen also that uh the old negro that works for me but you couldn't understand half she says honestly I get tickled uh she tries to get words you know that she's heard people use and she'll use those things and I have to stop and think about what she's trying to say and what she's trying to tell me about something bless her heart she's the best old thing in the world but she can't get her words straightened out Interviewer: that's the way with ours that works for us is that way I have to ask her two or three times what she's said 342: well that's right {NS} she's the best thing she- she's a typical old darkie Interviewer: yeah 342: and she's up in her seventies but she is and the best thing uh she was down here in this flood when they had this flooded area you know uh she was back in butler terrace back there right and she was right on the creek Interviewer: {X} 342: down there and I have not seen her or heard from her and I- I'd been down there three four times and she wasn't at home Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and I tried to get her daughter and I couldn't get ahold of {D: Bernise} so uh the other morning I told Claude to I just have her come and iron for me just every so often just to give her something to do you know and pay her some money she's independent as she can be {NS} she don't want a hat she don't want to accept help from anybody if she can if she can and she used to walk from way over on this side of town clear over on my side of town and she takes those and she walks she'll walk from here to chase she's like that she doesn't do it anymore because I I just got into the middle of it so to speak I just told her I said Belle you're getting too old and there's too much meanness going on and I said now you gonna have to stop that foolishness well Miss Elizabeth I'm not scared but she's since she had to move from where she was she has gotten afraid down in this area but the welfare they took her house and just tore it down Interviewer: My {X} 342: and uh you know saying they were gonna build well they are tearing down they tore down everything around there bless her heart she got out had a garden you know and did this that and the other and they told her that the only place she wouldn't go live with any of her children Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and the only place they had for her was down there in this Butler terrace Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and the first night she was down there this the woman across the street from her shot another one right #1 there {NW} it was a {NW} so # Interviewer: #2 my goodness what a what a christening {X} # 342: honestly uh so I told her I said now so she says well uh I told her I hadn't forgotten about her uh her methods of doing things and what one of the cutest things though I think she does she has gotten to of these life size dolls Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: she goes out takes them out the garbage cans and dresses them up you know she'll find things that people throw away and she has a house full of dolls Interviewer: well I'll 342: but she has these two little life size negro dolls and she's gotten to where when she leaves the house she'll go in and uh put those dolls up in the window like they're looking out the window she says that folks think there's somebody there because they see the they they well honestly when you're away from the window it looks does look like children you know looking out the window so she just puts those dolls up in her window Interviewer: well you know they sell or used to sell inflatable life size men 342: men Interviewer: #1 that the woman if she had to drive at night could put it in the car and it'd look like a man riding # 342: #2 had to drive that's right # yes you see them advertised in these little magazines you know sunset magazine and handover house and all that they'll uh {NS} well it it {NS} might not be a #1 bad idea # Interviewer: #2 No I can # I can see that it would be in some areas especially it would be a good idea 342: because as I said it's gotten to the point where uh well it's just unsafe for anybody to drive really {NS} I tell you Interviewer: you never know what's gonna happen 342: but she is but anyway speaking of the flood so I finally did uh Claude went down there three different times the other morning to tell her to come by and iron for me so we went real early you know and uh she wasn't there {NS} finally he left the message uh one her grandsons uh happened to be over there the third time he went {NS} and she wasn't there so he told uh uh him to tell Belle to call me {NS} well she did and I said where in the world have you been aw Mrs. Elizabeth I just been running around I said yes I know you's just been running around {NS} I know exactly what you been doing and uh I said well I wanted to know if you I thought maybe you'd gotten washed away {NS} she says no but I got scared to death Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 342: #2 {NW} # {X} I imagine you did Interviewer: {X} 342: and she laughed and she said she says you know she said I heard all this hollering and carrying on and this loud talking and said I got up and I ran to the window and I looked out and said the water was all over my front yard {NS} and said they was telling everybody to get out of the houses get out of the houses and it came up so suddenly {NS} so she said that when she got out and stepped out into the street that the water was way up around here but fortunately their s- doorstep is up {NS} #1 on a it's just a # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: step up good from the sidewalk you know but she said by the time it got to her house it never did get up on in the in the house {NS} because she has another step up to ha- the has to come up into that #1 but it # Interviewer: #2 that's # 342: got over the floor over the front porch {NS} but she walked out and of course {X} night in the dark you know and she says I got me a stick Mrs. Elizabeth and I was measuring the water and I said when it got up to a certain place I was gonna get out of there so she did and she started up the street and one of her neighbors uh {NW} she had {NW} who had a son and saw Belle coming up the street and she recognized her and she says you go get her right quick and don't let her fall {NS} so he did and got her in there {NS} well she was already wet it was just pouring down rain she said and said she didn't take a thing to put over her nothing I said Belle you're old enough to know better than that Interviewer: goodness 342: and I said as much stuff as you got I bet she has fifty old rain coats #1 you know every kind # Interviewer: #2 {NW} yeah # 342: keeps everything under the shining sun {NS} then she got they carried her to the red cross and they carried her over to the school and one of the ladies was trying to give out the food over there she's always been a real good cook and real good in serving tables and so forth and she {NS} so she recognized her and she put her to work in those wet clothes and all but she says I was running around so Mrs. Elizabeth I #1 soon got dry {C: int overlap} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 342: so then uh she picked her up and carried her out to the red cross uh headquarters out on Andrew Jackson Way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: and she worked out there 'til eight oh clock that night helping them do things Interviewer: well I'll bet she's seventy 342: and she's se- she's up in her seventies she is around here Interviewer: she really had an adventure out of #1 the whole thing # 342: #2 Yes she did! # she really did and she says I didn't take a bad cold for two weeks I said you didn't take the bad cold from that then Interviewer: that's right if she didn't catch 342: I said if you didn't take a bad cold from that for two weeks I said you certainly didn't catch it from that so she said well maybe I didn't but I had a bad cold she very seldom and and makes up some of the awfulest concoctions of of medicine you have ever heard in your life Interviewer: I'm known to do that 342: you know she's one of these old fashioned kind and she won't go to a doctor she will not go to a doctor she'll make mix up a little of everything under the shining sun alcohol and soda and she'll put in everything in the world to mix up a concoction in {X} tell her what don't kill her will cure her or what don't cure her kill {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} might attack the disease there # 342: that's right {NW} well {NW} Interviewer: Let me see what we were doing, I think last time we were talking about insects like uh dirt daubers and mosquitoes and #1 hornets and {X} # 342: #2 yes we did talk about that some # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: what about uh an insect that has big hind legs and is green and kind of pops and flies 342: grasshopper Interviewer: #1 okay, and uh # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 what kind of you were a # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: kid did you ever get one in a jar and try to make him spit tobacco? or do something that I've never seen one do it but they claim that grasshoppers 342: yes I've heard that but I never did do that now my boys I think they finally did manage to get one to do that one time Interviewer: what kind of small fish is it that's for fish bait buy a bucket of what to take fishing 342: worm uh you Interviewer: well this is a small fish 342: oh crawfish? Interviewer: mm-kay sometimes or- or- or maybe just some like minnows 342: minnows yeah minnows of course little bitty fish sure enough Interviewer: #1 yeah # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what about uh what it that a spider weaves in the house 342: web Interviewer: okay 342: now I say this talking about spider webs uh you have heard of Mrs. uh uh well {NW} her name just left me anyway her uh spider a- web paintings Interviewer: #1 I've heard something # 342: #2 mrs # {D: Clopton} Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: what I was trying to say uh my mother and mrs {D: Clopton were very} very dear friends and uh her if you ever get the chance see mrs Clopton's spider web Interviewer: #1 paintings # 342: #2 {X} what are they exactly # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # #1 that's what they are # Interviewer: #2 they're # they're paintings of 342: #1 paintings # Interviewer: #2 of # 342: on spider webs Interviewer: yes I can't remember where {NS} where in the world I might have seen them I've either seen them or seen pictures of them 342: and the funny thing uh {NS} I had her one time to speak I was president of the P-T-A and uh I had her come and talk to the {NS} ladies uh we had a were supposed to have a hobby program you know and I ask her if she would come and speak to the ladies she was a teacher for many many many many years Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and she said why Elizabeth I'd be happy to well she came and she was the type of person that would never throw away anything Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: she always could use everything under the sun and she only had one eye in later years but when she was a little girl she read uh lived in the country and uh she read where this uh German had painted on spider webs so she was an artist in her own right and being I mean a little girl but she #1 could # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: paint {NS} painted beautifully {NS} so she found out how I mean read about how he did it Interviewer: how in the world do you paint on a 342: {X} so she goes out to the barn and she gets her a spider web now how in the world a child uh- being a child that she was {NS} but the kind of webs that she used were webs from these little brown house spiders or barn spiders and if you ever get up to one that has been gone over and over and over they weave over and over and over and over Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and when they do she got this thing off on a piece of cardboard the between in in a cardboard somehow or another {NS} she takes her paints oil paint {NS} and you can't take a brush Interviewer: #1 you're right # 342: #2 I mean # you just have to uh I- you can't smear the paint you know that way but you have to dot it and you dot those things but she has she has a painting the old spring the old picture Interviewer: #1 just # 342: #2 of the # #1 spring # Interviewer: #2 hundreds of little # dots 342: oh yes with all that together she went puts it together Interviewer: {NW} {NW} well ha- then is it framed or can you 342: #1 yes you can # Interviewer: #2 framed or # 342: see well what I was going to tell you {NS} you know back in those days of course uh she would now be in her nineties but back in those days of course when the uh s- traveling salesmen were traveling through the country you know and they'd stop at a farm house at night and ask for lodging so this salesmen stopped at the house that one night and uh after she had completed her painting and the mother was quite proud of it of course so she brought it out to show it to the salesman and he she told him that it was on cobweb and he didn't believe it and he poked his finger through it {NS} Interviewer: golly 342: and that was the beginning of her cobweb painting but uh she has uh a room up here I mean in- there's mostly a {D: Howard Wheaton} there's a a room I think but there're a great number of mrs Clopton's paintings at the museum on the mountain Interviewer: hmm 342: so if you ever get the chance Interviewer: I 342: be sure and see it you can look through the glass she puts them in glass or puts it on glass and of course when you look through you can see it but that glass holds the uh spider web she's been on she was nationally known Interviewer: I've read about those somewhere and seen pictures of them I don't think I've ever seen one in 342: but uh uh the biggest one that she ever did uh was uh you've seen this great big uh magazine uh page with four roses the big vase of four roses liquor Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: you know and she painted she the biggest n- uh web that she ever was able to get a hold of she painted that picture of the four roses on that but she has miniatures of every one of her grand children Interviewer: {X} 342: and cobwebs and then she'd take uh everything as I said she always said that she wouldn't chew chewing gum except for a purpose {NS} and uh she used it she had uh oh out of the hundreds students that she taught through the years and many of them went to the wars and traveled around over the world and around about and when she was living she had one room in her house that was a regular museum of things that had been sent to her Interviewer: well I'll be 342: and she would take a duck egg I mean she'd I mean a goose egg she got a goose egg she w- had that that afternoon at uh {NS} to illustrate some of her things {NS} and she'd take this goose egg and of course it was large and long you know and she blew it out and then she takes a real sharp knife and she draws a place where she's got to cut to make it halfway cuts that thing right square in two she lined it in blue satin both bottom and top and put a little bit of braid right around the edge of the things you know the bottom and top she used the adhesive tape to make the little hinges on the back of it then she used cold {D: clothes} to make the legs and she uh put gold paint on those she used the chewing gum to stick those on Interviewer: well I'll 342: and made the cutest little jewelry box out of a {X} Interviewer: that's remarkable 342: and she takes uh uh- she would she's passed away now but she would take the uh English walnut hulls Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and take the goodies out and uh then she would shellac them and make uh glue them back together and make salt and pepper shakers and #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 that's well she was really something now that's # that that little kind of stuff is always 342: that's right she was the most remarkable person you would ever want to meet and I wish you could have known her Interviewer: her name was Clopton 342: mrs Clopton mrs J-B Clopton Interviewer: well I'll have to check on that have you ever heard of any medicines that uh people used to make out different kind of uh plants and roots and that kind of thing 342: oh yes I've heard of a good many things uh oh aw {X} try to remember some of them {NW} uh there are any number of things and course dyes from the uh uh {NS} {X} trying to say the bush uh that we get salad from poke salad those poke berries Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 342: used to make dye out of those red berries and I think they used to make dye out of those in olden times a- also but there are any number of medicines uh that I heard of of course and but just off hand I can't think of any right now Interviewer: okay, what about uh the kind of tree that they up north they tap and get s- sap out of to make syrup 342: maple Interviewer: what kind of tree was it in the Bible that Zacchaeus climbed? I think they have them around here grow near water they have a little {D: bunches} little balls or something that hang down on them 342: oh my goodness I read that a hundred times Interviewer: kind of a sycamore- 342: sycamore tree Interviewer: okay 342: yeah {NW} Interviewer: #1 what are some other common trees around here what kind of trees do you have in the yard # 342: #2 {NS} # well we have maple trees and pine trees and uh walnut trees and pecan trees and Interviewer: you ever had do you have some pretty good uh crops of pecans off of them? 342: well we don't have them here uh I mean I don't have any pecan #1 trees # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 342: over here but the way I was reared over on Pratt Avenue uh I used to live in a big pecan grove Interviewer: {NW} 342: and uh the big old pecan trees that uh the pecans were medium size they were not these big paper shell pecans but they were much sweeter meated pecans I reckon that's what you'd say the meats were so much juicier and uh had so much more oil in them {NS} but gracious goodness uh we used to look forward to the pecans {NS} falling and and in the mornings {NW} after a big rain the storm you know where you'd just get out and {NS} I picked up pecans 'til I couldn't even raise up Interviewer: Yeah I know there are a couple of Pecan trees over at the college and uh every year you'll #1 see uh # 342: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: people over there shaking them 342: #1 oh they # Interviewer: #2 hitting them # 342: do well we have some pecan trees up around you would've died at me last year uh Mr. Watson we were all sitting up in the lounge and those pecan trees and we'd had a real bad rain storm and I had been telling them that as soon as it rained that the pecans would come down and they said oh Mrs. Heron these pecans are just not gonna fall this year I said well you wait for the wind blows and it rained I said they'll come down now we've had frost and that morning I'm telling you I have never oh we knew those pecans trees were full Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: and it was small but they were the best tasting little old things and you just look out round where you pull into the library and people running over them just running over them just mashing them all to the street and everything and I was up there and I told mr Washington I said mr Washington if I go halfers with you will you let me go down to pick up {NW} Interviewer: oh me 342: he says Mrs. Heron if you want to get out in that rain you can do it you can just go right ahead Interviewer: well I'll so you #1 you got a # 342: #2 and # so I got out and I got near ten pounds of pecans Interviewer: {NW} now that's a bunch of pecans especially the small ones 342: I certainly did I we weighed them and I had almost ten pounds of pecans Interviewer: {NW} 342: and so I told him he says what're you gonna pick them out for me I said no I'm not gonna if you can't Interviewer: #1 {NW} yeah # 342: #2 {NW} {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: what the uh- are there any fruit trees 342: oh we have peach trees and plum trees and apple trees and uh Interviewer: have any cherry trees? 342: cherry they're quite a number uh we never did have any cherries in our part of it but uh I had an uncle who had cherry trees galore Interviewer: what kind of berries do people grow around here 342: well uh I think the most prominent one of course is the black berry the strawberries but the black berries are wild Interviewer: yeah 342: and I think we're going to have a crop of them this year I certainly hope so Interviewer: here if a child had been eating some berries uh eating some berries and you didn't or had some berries you didn't know what they were because they might be what? 342: well they might be full of bugs and they might be poisonous Interviewer: okay have you ever heard uh you don't have any mountain laurel or anything around here do you? 342: very little there's very very little there's some mountain laurel but uh most of your mountain laurel will grow further south Interviewer: okay what about uh do you have magnolia? 342: yes Interviewer: okay #1 you ever hear it called anything else? # 342: #2 {NW} # no I don't think I have I've uh course here that's all we we speak of is magnolia trees Interviewer: what about cowcumber or cucumber is that a different kind of tree or have you heard 342: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 cowcumber tree # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: I've never heard of a cowcumber tree I know the cucumbers grow on vines Interviewer: okay uh 342: but talking about magnolias uh when we were in the old library when people began to come into this section here so rapidly you know from all parts of the country and uh one morning uh one of the girls had been out we have some beautiful magnolia trees in the cemetery and she had been out there and she just pulled off a couple of the blooms and brought them in put them in a great big uh well it was a big brass pot that we had had there and we put it right in the middle of the library you know right where you went in the door and you could see in of course the uh fragrance of it all over the library you know we just something people began to come in you know and they would say what in the world is that Interviewer: yeah 342: you know and we'd say magnolias oh is that what we we always hear about #1 and they give # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 342: you those songs about that was all we could hear all day long Interviewer: that's right thats thats a true thing of the south 342: it really is Interviewer: let's see uh a woman who's husband is dead is called a what? 342: a widow Interviewer: okay what did you call your father? 342: daddy Interviewer: and your mother? 342: mother Interviewer: okay and your father and your mother together are referred to as your 342: parents Interviewer: okay did uh what did you call your grandfather? 342: well I didn't have a grandfather but I would've called him grandfather had I had one Interviewer: okay, what about a grandmother? 342: well grandmother was I had one grandmother Interviewer: okay uh 342: my child called me Meemaw though my grand grand baby {NW} Interviewer: mine call uh call my wife's parents {D: Gagoo and Dadee} 342: {D: Gagoo and} {D: Dadee} Interviewer: yeah and then my 342: well I had a little Interviewer: {X} grand 342: yeah I had a little uh well she calls her other grandmother granny and uh papa but uh and then my children called my gran- my- my my mother and father uh mama and papa cause I said mother and daddy you know all the time and uh but she started and she she calls me Meemaw Interviewer: well she'll probably call you that right on #1 after she's {C: overlap} # 342: #2 that a # Interviewer: #1 grown # 342: #2 the that's # right Interviewer: what about uh the now I don't think they make these anymore but or I've never seen one in the last ten years they used to make a black vehicle that you put a baby in and it had a hood over it 342: baby buggy Interviewer: right I haven' seen one in a long time I think everyone uses #1 they used {C: int overlap} # 342: #2 they used # to use I mean in course some people called them a baby carriage you know and uh I had a big wicker baby buggy with my two Interviewer: yeah I've seen those I guess it's because people don't go out in the evenings and walk around the neighborhood 342: #1 well I imagine # Interviewer: #2 the way # 342: well a stroller of course now I like a little buggy for a little tiny babies because they can't sit up Interviewer: mm-hmm 342: but of course now they're making them where you can lay them down and Interviewer: #1 take off # 342: #2 yeah # you know and it doesn't make much difference to I like my big buggy #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 right # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what about uh in the old days before women went to the hospital to have babies there might be a woman in the neighborhood who would come in to help with the childbirth 342: midwife Interviewer: okay and if a boy resembles his father you- would you say he takes after him or favors him looks like him or what? 342: I would say that favors his father Interviewer: what if he doesn't look like him particularly but he's got ways just like him {X} 342: then I would say takes after his #1 father # Interviewer: #2 okay # okay 342: {NW} Interviewer: uh you might say to a child you've been naughty you'd better look out you're going to get a 342: spanking Interviewer: and uh {NS} your sister's son would be your what? 342: nephew Interviewer: okay and a child who's parents are not living is a what? 342: an orphan Interviewer: okay and he would usually be assigned a what? 342: guardian Interviewer: okay and all your aunts and uncles and nieces and nephews all of these together you call your what? 342: uh well I'd say my kin people Interviewer: okay someone comes into town or a small town nobody's ever seen him before you'd say he's a what? 342: stranger Interviewer: okay you know some people use foreigner 342: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 he can be # from this country but he's if he comes from a different #1 part of the county something they'll say hes a foreigner # 342: #2 that's right # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: uh an announcer begins his speech by saying ladies and 342: gentlemen Interviewer: okay uh two sisters in the bibles in the house sisters of Lazarus I believe both of their names begin with M 342: Mary and Martha Interviewer: okay 342: #1 We have a # Interviewer: #2 Ah # 342: daughter in law named Martha Interviewer: #1 oh well I # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: should've known to ask that 342: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 what about what's the first # book of the new testament 342: first book of the new testament Matthew Interviewer: okay #1 I'm not gibing you a bible quiz it's just easier to get these more people in the south # 342: #2 that's alright # #1 I should know an awful lot of it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: cause I I teach Sunday school but sometimes it sort of gets away #1 from you you know # Interviewer: #2 right # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what is a nickname for William 342: Bill Interviewer: okay a little boy or a male goat would be called what? 342: a kid Interviewer: okay or a uh a little boy named William or a male goat is called a what kind of goat 342: billy goat Interviewer: okay 342: {D: Nellie home} Interviewer: okay good 342: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I- I've got to get those names there and I've racked my brain trying figure ways different ways to get the # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh mm let's see do you ever hear what are any terms for a woman teacher do you ever hear anything like just teacher or school mom just 342: well I think about the only thing I w- course I've heard the the expression schoolmarm but I've never called them anything except a teacher Interviewer: okay have you ever hear the term Jack legged preacher 342: yes Interviewer: what does that mean 342: well I think it means a preacher who is not uh I mean a person who goes around and he's preaching but he really isn't qualified to preach but uh he may know what he's talking about in a lot of ways and and the uh Bible as he sees it 342: Claude said that why don't you call my wife she can do anything. Interviewer: {NW} 342: I told her I said I don't believe that he says well I said it I #1 said well. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: {NW} So she went in immediately and called me and of course at that time my daughter was quite small {NS} and I said well {X} I can't come up #1 there I said I've # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: got a little fella here. {D: Oh Elizabeth} if you would just please come and work for about three days and get me straightened out I don't know a debit from a credit I said now that's not so. Interviewer: Mm. 342: And she says well I just need somebody to get this work done and I can't get the typing done and I said she says please I said well I'll see about it. So I call Miss Bell this woman I was speaking of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} 342: And I asked her I said Bell can you come out here and take care of Barbara for two three four days yessum she just loved her to death anyway so she came on out of course and took care of Barbara for those uh {NW} first few days you know. And every day I'd say {X} you want me to come back tomorrow? I certainly do so I had worked up there nearly three weeks everyday you want me to come back tomorrow? I had her straightened out I had everything done caught up and I was posting course I was trained in business Interviewer: {NW} 342: education that's what I had been trained in clerical work. So uh one morning she said uh come on go upstairs with me I said for what? I want you to go up there at the desk and begin to learn what it is to be at that desk and I said now I didn't say I was gonna work regularly and she says well you are I've got news for you I said well. Interviewer: Oh boy. 342: You know I told her of course we were just kidding one another you know and I said well who's boss of this thing me or you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: She says you gonna begin to learn this library work. Well as I said and I told my boss the other day I'm retiring the first of September. And uh because Claude has been retired now for three years Interviewer: Mm. 342: So we just feel that since we're both halfway healthy and so forth #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: there are a lot of things we would like to do together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And for almost fourteen years he worked at the fire department uh in our early married life. Uh we had our children and I raised them because he worked six days and nights a week. Interviewer: I didn't think firemen did that. 342: Oh brother well he did it. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Six days # 342: #1 and six nights? # Interviewer: #2 Ninety dollars a month. # 342: #1 Not to all those # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: he- of course his salary was raised a little but it Interviewer: Yeah. 342: began to I mean those six days and nights a week for nearly all those fourteen years. Interviewer: {NW} 342: And then he got to where he would be off every other day and night maybe {NS} so as I said we just never have and then {NW} course when I went to work when he would be off things begin to get better up there and better and better and he became the assistant chief Interviewer: #1 of course. # 342: #2 Mm-hmm. # And uh I when I went to work then so I just knew of course the children were getting big enough we knew we were going to have to try to educate 'em and Interviewer: {X} 342: the expenses of doing that and since I was off of the job and it was interesting most interesting work. Interviewer: Yeah I would imagine it would be. 342: I have thoroughly enjoyed it and uh Mister Watson said well I told him first of this month that I had decided that I'd retire. And he looked at me and he says but Miss {D: Herring} what in the world are we gonna do? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: And I said well I'm glad you feel that way about it I said it's nice to be felt that way about I guess but I said there are other people who can take my place he says no there's not but one Miss {D: Herring} and he says you know how we are up here you're the mama of the whole #1 place. # Interviewer: #2 Well that was # mighty nice. 342: And he said uh I felt like that another thing he says I'll tell you one thing he said ever since I have come here he said you have been a ray of sunshine I've never heard anybody say anything about you ever being mad. Interviewer: Well how great. 342: And he says we- we just can't do without you you #1 just gonna have to # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: stay with us and I- he says can't you just work part time? Interviewer: {NW} Well that's wonderful to be that needed. 342: {NW} Well I tell you as I said I have learned it and I have learned library work from the ground up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And I felt like that Missus {D: Beanguard} certainly of course now she's state director. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 342: And uh thats what she has gone on to be. And she first went to work for the extension department for the state and then she became director. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 342: And she is excellent in her job there's no doubt about it and she's had a rough time getting there but she got it. What I mean by that her husband left her with a little girl and she got her education she went ahead and fought for it and studied hard and worked hard and there wasn't anything she wouldn't try. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} And she's in Montgomery now? 342: And she's in Montgomery she is the head uh I mean she is the director for #1 the # Interviewer: #2 Well that # is 342: #1 state department. # Interviewer: #2 {D: really quite.} # 342: So she came up here one day and called me out and uh well I've worked in every department in there and the thing that's the reason they don't want me to leave for the simple reason I'll tell you why. Uh {NS} any department in that library if they need somebody to come in Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 342: they'll call down in tech services and they'll say uh {NS} uh {D: Miss Herring} can you come up here and stay while I do so and so and #1 so and so. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: {D: Miss Herring} can you come up here and stay in local history? Miss Herring can you come up here and and look after the office a minute? Well I go anywhere #1 in the library. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: Well I operated the book mobile for two and a half years And did my clerical work on top of everything else then. Then they and I kept books until sixty three. {NS} Besides doing my other work. Interviewer: You mean you were the bookkeeper and the 342: #1 I was the # Interviewer: #2 librarian? # 342: book bookkeeper and I worked at the desk. I worked at night #1 a lot. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Oh boy.} # 342: I filled in I mean you know I could take the desk I I learned uh reference work. It's it's most most interesting. Interviewer: Yeah I would imagine it is but that was uh you were doing two jobs. 342: Well I've done two or three jobs #1 all around. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 342: So in sixty-three my boss told me at that time uh Mister Covey was our director then {NS} and he says {D: Miss Herring} said we need somebody who is a good typist and uh his compliment was he says you're the best in the library. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Wow. # 342: #2 And he # says I want you know right now said we need you in the cataloging department and said that book keeping can be kept with uh we're going to hire uh a book keeper to come in I mean we're going to hire an outside book keeper just a uh regular uh service #1 book keeping # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: #1 service # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: to do what we have and you can keep up and sort of halfway notice these books so you'll know what's going on. But he says I'd much prefer you going to the cataloging department so that's where I've been. Interviewer: In the cataloging depart- well now that's one of the trickier of the departments. #1 Uh. # 342: #2 It's the # trickiest. Interviewer: Yeah cause it there's some some. 342: And I also mend books and I'm the only person down there who does that and makes books. {NS} Interviewer: Makes books? {NS} 342: I make books I put 'em books books together. People bring in their course we are building up our genealogical collection. {NS} And uh our uh Huntsville heritage collection uh everything about Alabama and about Huntsville is all in one room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And uh these people will bring Xeroxed copies they'll just bring in the copies that've been Xeroxed of their family histories and so forth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: Then I have to take those things and I have to cut 'em and put 'em in a #1 book. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 342: And make a book glue 'em together and then put the backs on them and label 'em and get 'em #1 all fixed # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: and. Interviewer: Do they stay in the library? 342: They stay right there in the #1 library. # Interviewer: #2 You know the # {D: clicks} {D: Pauline and Juanita} have one of the most thorough genealogies I believe I've ever seen for their family. It they have I don't know they have some woman to do it several years ago when they were trying to get in the D A R 342: Oh yes we have old #1 D A R records. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 342: #1 Oh we have # Interviewer: #2 but this woman # carried it all the way back to uh before the year one thousand I mean its really an amazing kind of thing and #1 uh. # 342: #2 Well it's # amazing I tell you if that genealogical bug bites you you just you have #1 been bitten. # Interviewer: #2 I can see # I can see how 342: #1 because # Interviewer: #2 {D: that would be.} # 342: if you get uh uh as I tell 'em my family on my mother's side now they are wanting me to get into our genealogy and go trace it back. But I don't have time. Interviewer: That that that costs time and travel and all this kind of thing. 342: And there was a lady in there today who was telling me she's made five trips to Kentucky within the last two months. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. 342: And she was telling us about the asking what we charged to uh uh Xerox things you know or to get copies we have a machine up there in the uh {NS} local history {C: clock chiming} what we call it it's Huntsville heritage supposed to be. But of course being a native that is another thing and that's what {D: Mister Waterson} was talking about the other day he says now you and Miss Russell Missus Russell who is head of this department she was seventy-nine years old today. Interviewer: {NW} 342: {D: And I} but she is just as quick as she can be she's not she hasn't lost any of her vim and vigor she's a widow and she can {X} lo- loves history. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: She loves genealogy. Interviewer: She's. 342: #1 So she's # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: ideal up there of course and she's a native. And so when we get up there a lot of the times you know and and get that bunch of youngsters around us and we start talking about things that've happened here in Huntsville it's just a that's all she wrote we don't get through with breaks {D: of course.} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I can imagine. # What about uh a person who sits in a courtroom behind the bench? and wears the black robes #1 he's a? # 342: #2 Judge. # Interviewer: Okay. And uh a woman who takes dictation and does typing is a? 342: Well stenographer. Interviewer: Okay or uh just a general? 342: #1 Typist. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: #1 A general. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Secretary? 342: #1 Secretary # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: #1 of course. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And uh Sanders that has the Kentucky fried chicken place is uh is what Sanders? 342: Colonel #1 Sanders # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # Uh the k- the man in charge of a ship is called the what? 342: Captain. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Huntsville what's the chief office civic office in Huntsville? 342: Mayor. Interviewer: Kay and then you have a what city council? 342: City council mm-hmm. Interviewer: A woman who performs in the movies or on the stage is a what {NS} you'd say #1 she's a? # 342: #2 Star. # Interviewer: Okay or you ever a man would be an actor a woman would #1 be? # 342: #2 Actress # Interviewer: #1 of course. # 342: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Um person is born in this country his nationality is what? 342: American. Interviewer: Mm-kay uh you have ever hear any terms for somebody who's from way out in the country who never gets to town very frequently you ever hear 'em called a? #1 redneck # 342: #2 Hick or. # Interviewer: #1 hick right, okay. # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Yeah we take a lot of {X} people, hicks in Tennessee. 342: I know you do I told Gene uh I told you that uh his nephew you know is up there. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 342: #2 In # {D: business.} And he was at the {C: background noise} {X}{C: background noise} being married and uh I told him that I had talked with you. And uh that you were from Hixon and he said well did he {C: background noise} tell you that it wa- had been a hick town sure enough aunt #1 Elizabeth? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: I said yes he sure did and I. S- {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yep # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # I said that is one of the first things he told us at the meeting #1 when he. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 342: {NW} Interviewer: Hixon is a well it's not very big now but it's three four five times as big as it used to be I guess. 342: Well he says it's an awfully nice little #1 place. # Interviewer: #2 It is # 342: #1 We. # Interviewer: #2 very nice. # 342: They like it very much. Interviewer: If you were getting ready to go somewhere and you weren't quite ready and somebody was waiting on you'd say I'll be there in? #1 What? # 342: #2 Just a # minute. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 342: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Uh. 342: That's what I tell this girl that works with me I never ask her and say Elizabeth lets go break. Just a minute. Interviewer: Just a. {NW} {NW} Somebody might say well I'm not going to do that and you might say well I'm not? 342: Either Interviewer: Mm-kay. This part of #1 your. # 342: #2 Lot a # people say either. Interviewer: I- I've heard people s- what'd you say? 342: I said a lot of people #1 say # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 342: either. Interviewer: I've heard #1 people # 342: #2 You know. # Interviewer: say either but I don't I don't think it's a native thing around here. 342: No I know it isn't Interviewer: What about this part of your head is called what? 342: Forehead. Interviewer: Okay and on top of your head you grow what? 342: Hair. Interviewer: Okay and? Uh if a man doesn't shave he grows a? 342: Beard Interviewer: okay 342: Miss Russell said today that her grandson {NS} had called her last night to wish her a happy birthday and he has had a very heavy beard {NS} and she told him that she would not kiss him she wouldn't do anything till he got that beard off so he said well I wanna tell you that my birthday present to you is that I shaved my beard off. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Oh boy. What about uh 342: {NW} Interviewer: You uh when you eat you put food in your what? 342: Mouth. Interviewer: Mm-kay and you uh you chew it with your? 342: Teeth. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and the this part of your body uh. 342: #1 Neck. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay and inside your food goes down your? 342: Throat. Interviewer: Okay and your teeth are in your what? #1 They're red. # 342: #2 Gums # Interviewer: Okay. This part of your hand is called what? 342: Palm. Interviewer: Okay and that is a what? 342: Fist. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh sometimes when rheumatism affects people it gets them in their what? Where they bend #1 there? # 342: #2 Fingers. # Interviewer: Okay or any or any of their #1 j-? # 342: #2 Joints. # Interviewer: Okay. These are what? 342: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay. Uh when a man has a coat fitted he has to be measured across the what? 342: Chest. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh the front part of your leg here is what? 342: The calf no it's back of it is your #1 calf. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: Uh. Interviewer: The part that you always bump against #1 something. # 342: #2 Oh. # Uh. {NS} Interviewer: Some people call them the shin? 342: Shins #1 yeah I was # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 342: fixing to say that. Interviewer: Some some people call 'em shanks I've always heard 'em #1 called # 342: #2 No # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 342: #2 shins I # have too. Interviewer: What about the term peaked do you ever hear anybody say that somebody looks peaked #1 or puny # 342: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: or anything like that what peaked? 342: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: My mother said. I thought that might be a local term cause my mother says that all the time 342: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 and she grew up here. # 342: peaked is uh uh you know when a person looks very hollow eyed. #1 You know you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: hear of older people say about well I say it quite often you know if you in particularly when a child or someone is ill you know or {D: have been in their eyes} just look like they have great big black circles around 'em you know and Interviewer: #1 When I first shaved after having that # 342: #2 they. # Interviewer: #1 big beard # 342: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: for three years my #1 face was all # 342: #2 Looked like you were- # Interviewer: #1 blanched out and everybody said I looked # 342: #2 I'll bet # Interviewer: #1 # 342: #2 # Interviewer: peaked let's see if I have the newspaper over at school made a before and after picture of that and I really look like I'd been in the hospital or something. {NS} 342: My #1 stars. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: Well you really do. Interviewer: It was a it w- I just hadn't had a chance for my face to weather underneath that beard or anything and it was just pale white just like what my granddaddy called fish belly white. 342: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: And uh I looked I was just #1 recovering from an illness. # 342: #2 Well you must've looked awfully nice # though with your beard I've #1 some # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 342: men I see that l- I like but oh {D: gosh} some of these people with this long hair and. Interviewer: Oh that's um. 342: And these beards too and #1 and. # Interviewer: #2 Well I had I # grew mine for the Florence centennial and liked it so much that I just #1 didn't shave it # 342: #2 {D: Just} # Interviewer: #1 off. # 342: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: {NS} Came along. 342: Well you know back in nineteen fifty-five we had the sesquicentennial here. Interviewer: Yeah. Mm-hmm. 342: And uh that was another thing Missus {D: Beanguard} of course we had to dress up there in costume. Interviewer: Oh. 342: Oh man we ran around and we had an old gentlemen up there. Uh a Mister Smith who uh well when he passed away he was eighty-four years old. And he didn't have a living soul who was kin to him anywhere. That he knew of and oh there was quite a story behind him I won't use your tape up telling #1 that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: but uh anyway he did uh he just made his second home in the library. #1 And he would # Interviewer: #2 Oh he didn't # work there he? 342: No he was quite well-read and he was an old gentleman. But one of the most interesting I will say this uh when uh {D: Von Braun's} father and mother came of course with him and #1 I mean # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: they came to visit him and they lived here for a number of years. In fact {NS} and uh Mister {D: Von Braun} would be there at the when we open the doors every morning and also Mister Smith. And they were very near the same age. And of course {D: Mister Von Braun} had been a {D: Baron} {D: Baron} you know #1 in Germany. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 342: Uh in Austria rather. And uh uh we had a corner of the old library and it had which in which we kept our periodicals in a rack over there. So these two old gentlemen well Mister Smith had been around the world three times. And he could tell you many many interesting things that's the reason I I said it has been so interesting to work #1 up there you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: Because you meet so many people #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: uh of course {D: Von Braun} used to come in he and his wife and #1 the two girls. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Wow. 342: Used to come in all the time and I I used to talk with 'em you know and Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 342: #2 and # he {NS} uh was quite interested in what the girls were doing and {NW} but anyway getting back to m- uh to the father. Uh in fact the first time that I ever went up to the desk to really take over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: The lady who was at the desk they had to come from across the library over to the desk over here. And uh we came up the steps right here and went right around our desk right there. So {NS} {NW} I {NW} {D: tell you up} these steps. And when I did Miss {D: Haynes} says woo am I glad to see you. Hurry up and get around here. Interviewer: {NW} 342: Well I didn't know what in the world. And I walked all around and when I looked up she flew down those steps. And there I was behind the desk. And here came this old gentleman well I didn't know him from Adam you know. And he was bowing and smiling you know and so pleasant and uh I said how do you do I said may I help you? Uh uh yeah {C: German accent imitation} yeah. {C: German accent imitation} Well I realized #1 then of course # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: That he was German you know and I thought ooh. Well he laid his bible down on the desk and he said uh he started trying to explain to me that he wanted to find the passage about removing the moat from your own eye before that of your brother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm. 342: Well uh I kept listening to him and watch him and he would try to tell me and I #1 said # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: uh so I finally figured it out what he wanted he kept pointing to his eye you know #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: and he would point to his eye and then he would point to mine. So I figured out that that was what he was trying to tell me and I said do you want to find out that passage and where it is? Yeah yeah {C: German accent imitation} yeah well he was so thrilled and #1 excited over me # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: knowing that. So we go around and we get the concordance and I find the verse for him you know. Well from then on {D: Mister Von Braun} and I were very very great friends. Interviewer: Well that's terrific 342: And he would come downstairs if I was not upstairs he would come down there if he wanted to find out something he'd never go to #1 {D: Miss Haney} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: #1 and ask her. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 342: Course {D: Miss Haney} says I can't understand him but you know it didn't take him very long I mean to get to the point that I #1 could understand him # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: I mean we could understand each other we could converse. But what I was going to say this Mister Smith of course introduced 'em over there one morning because they uh had things you know in #1 common # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: they had been Mister Smith had been in Germany several times and uh {D: Mister Von Braun} of course was uh here #1 but they would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: could talk about things you know and they're same age. And both of 'em were well read they just kept up right to the minute. So I was over there fixing the magazines one morning and uh I heard them talking about and Mister Von Braun was telling Mister Smith about Hitler. Interviewer: Hmm. 342: And how he took all of his land and everything you know and just took over and let them {NS} be you know I mean they couldn't have anything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And I told some of 'em I said I would give anything in the world if I could've been a little mouse #1 and stayed over there in the # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 342: corner. And really heard that because Mister Von Braun was asking Mister Smith you know if he'd been to such and such a place and Mister Smith was describing it to him you know #1 just perfectly . # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: And yeah yeah {C: German accent imitation} you know well they had things in common. Interviewer: Yeah. 342: So it was #1 most interesting. # Interviewer: #2 well that that was good # for both of them too. 342: Yes it was and so Mister Smith finally uh passed away but he didn't have a single soul here anywhere. Interviewer: Well he must've been fairly wealthy if he'd been around the world several. 342: Well he had been but and then uh this girl who he had come here they had fallen in love I'll make it short. {NS} It seems that they had fallen in love and he was a realtor in uh Chicago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And they met at a dance this girl and her mother were at this uh {NS} evidently some big social thing in Chicago you know and she and Alfred met. Miss Annie and Alfred so uh Miss Annie thought he was just a gigolo and evidently and I mean her mother did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 342: And they fell madly in love but her mother told Miss Annie that if she married him she would disown her. Interviewer: Hmm. 342: Well she comes back home and uh they correspond and he comes down to see her every so often. {NS} And finally Miss Annie's mother died and left her alone. And she had this huge big home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And uh Mister Smith came down here and lived with her. Interviewer: {D: Well I reckon.} 342: And uh evidently loved her very dearly and as I said of course nobody will ever know whether they lived together as man and wife or whether he just lived #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: But he stayed with Miss Annie and boy Miss Annie got sick. That poor old soul cried and he did everything in the #1 in the world # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: that could be done and I think Miss Annie left him everything she had. Interviewer: Well did she die a good bit before he #1 {D: would?} # 342: #2 Yes # she died quite a number of years before he did. And he would just walk around but the most uh well he certainly had been reared a gentleman. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And the hottest day that came we did not have air conditioning in that old library. And the hottest day that came he would put on his he had a wool sport coat. And he would never come to that library without his coat on. Interviewer: {NW} 342: And I would go over there and I'd say Mister Smith please take off your coat. I know you are burning. And he'd say now {D: Miss Herring} you know that my mother taught me never to take off my coat in the presence of ladies. Interviewer: Hmm. 342: I said well I'm a lady but I wish you'd take it off #1 cause you're # Interviewer: #2 {D: Boy.} # 342: just you're making me suffer. Interviewer: So that's why he didn't have any kinfolks he was originally from Chicago 342: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 but he didn't have a # 342: #1 soul down here. # Interviewer: #2 But # 342: there wasn't well there wasn't anybody that he knew of anywhere that was living #1 all of his # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 people were dead. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: But he was the most {D: gentle} {C: pronunciation} person I think I've ever seen and the most {D: mannerdly} person. Interviewer: {NW} 342: He had certainly been well reared Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 342: #2 And uh # I know one day he came over with uh uh one of these holiday magazines you know they're beautiful magazines really. Interviewer: Yeah. 342: Travel you know. And the reason I know he knows knew so much he came over one day and there was a picture of Venice uh one of the the big uh government buildings you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And uh he walked over to the desk and Missus Murphy used to laugh she's still our assistant director but she used to go up the stairs after she came with us at the library. Interviewer: {NW} 342: And she's cute as a bug and she's uh so she'd run upstairs and Mister Smith would be watching I'd always go up at noon time and take the desk. {NS} So uh she'd come back down and she'd say you know I I- Mister Smith was so disappointed he thought that Interviewer: #1 was you coming. # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 342: And I {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Oh boy.} # 342: {D: Alright} because I took the time to talk with him. Interviewer: Yeah. 342: You know he was lonely. Interviewer: Well old people #1 appreciate that. # 342: #2 And he would # come over and #1 and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: {NW} though he'd always say well she's my ray of sunshine. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 342: So I felt like that I was really doing the old #1 gentleman # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: you know I enjoyed it but what I was gonna tell you he came over there that day and brought me that magazine and he said Miss {D: Herring} Missus {D: Herring} that's what he always said and I said yes sir. He said you see this and this and this and this you know the the domes of the buildings you know and he'd tell me that which was gold and which was not and which was this and which was the other. He'd been in Russia and he was in the hall of mirrors. {NS} Interviewer: Wow. 342: He had been in the hall of mirrors to a big dance. Interviewer: Oh had he done this before he came here? 342: Oh yes. Interviewer: {NW} Before he met 342: #1 He had # Interviewer: #2 {D: the woman?} # 342: traveled you know. {NW} Well he had met Miss Annie before I mean while some of this #1 went on but he had # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 342: traveled you see. Interviewer: {NW} 342: But he had been and he could tell you exactly every mirror he could tell you what was in between the things. Interviewer: Goodness. 342: He was such an observant person evidently you know #1 while he was # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: traveling that it was it was just most interesting so you as I tell 'em there isn't a day that goes by that we don't #1 learn something new. # Interviewer: #2 Well yeah # right and that w- that's what makes the library so interesting to work in. 342: That's right. Interviewer: What about when a person has a cold or something and it affects his voice it makes him sound funny he'll say he's what? 342: Hoarse Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or if he {NS} does that he has a what? 342: Cough Interviewer: Okay. {NS} When a person just can't hold his eyes open in a boring speech or something you say oh I got so? #1 What? # 342: #2 Sleepy. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh a person who can't hear at all is what? 342: Deaf. Interviewer: Kay. And uh if a person worked out in the sun all day long and it got real hot he would what a lot? {NS} 342: He would sweat. Interviewer: Okay. What about a place that comes up on a on an arm or a leg or something kind of real sore and it comes #1 to a head? # 342: #2 Blister. # Interviewer: No it comes to a head and has to be #1 {D: lanced?} # 342: #2 Boil. # Interviewer: Okay. {NS} When it lan- when it's lanced what comes out if it? 342: The core. Interviewer: Mm-kay and also the? 342: Uh pus. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh if you sprain a wrist or something or break a wrist or something it gets all what? 342: Swollen. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you said blister a moment ago when you pierce a blister what comes out of it? 342: Water. Interviewer: Okay. And uh have you ever heard the term proud flesh talking about an? 342: Ooh yes. Interviewer: Infection #1 or something is that what # 342: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: it is just #1 an infection? # 342: #2 It's just # an infection but it's the where the the infection eats really eats the flesh I think you know I mean it uh. Uh you have to get rid of that stuff before you can cure the thing up. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a medicine that used to people would put on their uh cut or something that burned very badly? 342: Iodine. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what is it that people used to take to keep from getting yellow fever #1 pills or something very bitter? # 342: #2 {NW} # Uh. {NW} Interviewer: You ever hear the term #1 quinine? # 342: #2 Oh # quinine. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 342: #2 {NW} # I was trying to think {C: laughing} what I was trying to say I couldn't. {NS} Interviewer: Uh. 342: My mind goes blank every once #1 {D: in a while.} # Interviewer: #2 Well something like # that I mean I don't guess that people take quinine {D: anymore.} #1 Somebody did tell me they do take # 342: #2 Yes they do too. # Interviewer: quinine for what nowadays? 342: Uh they give you quinine for uh several things uh they in particularly if you're uh going to travel or for if they think you're going to get a fever of any #1 kind. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: Just about. They'll give you doses of quinine. Interviewer: What about uh a thing that a person is buried in the i-is it a coffin or a casket? Do you call it? 342: Well it's uh um I say casket but a lot of people I mean will say a coffin. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh when let's see when the the people wear black arm bands that sort of thing they're said to be in? 342: Mourning Interviewer: Okay. Uh what about a disease that people get and it makes their skin turn yellow? 342: Malaria. Interviewer: Mm-kay or you ever hear yellow? Uh #1 jaun- # 342: #2 Yellow # jaundice. Interviewer: Yeah. 342: Yes my child has had that. Interviewer: Oh really? Well that's a fairly serious disease isn't it? 342: Yes it's very serious you know they say that if you uh in fact we didn't know that he had that. And uh {NS} then it turned out that uh he had not uh gotten his skin had not turned too yellow but uh {NS} he had uh all the symptoms of of having it. Interviewer: Hmm. 342: And the doctor began to treat him for it and he got better of course. And so now he had an occurrence of it though when he was in the marines. And they put him back in Bethesda Naval Hospital. And of course you know he can't ever give blood. #1 They won't accept # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: #1 any # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 342: blood from a person who has had that. Interviewer: {NW} Let's see uh what about a let's see. If you have a pain in your side and you have to be taken to the hospital you have to have an emergency appendectomy it was because you had what? 342: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Okay. When a person uh gets uh eats something that doesn't agree with him it'll make him sick? Would you #1 say at? # 342: #2 {NW} # At his stomach. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NW} let's see. {NW} If a young man and a young lady are seeing a lot of each other you say that he is what her? 342: Courting. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh {NS} if he proposes and she refuses you'd say that she what? She would you say she? 342: She rejected him #1 I guess. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 342: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And if she # didn't then they would get? 342: Married. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the man who stands with the groom at the wedding is the what? 342: Best man. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the uh woman who stands with the #1 bride? # 342: #2 Maid # of honor. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of a custom either following a wedding or an uh one man told me that uh they did this in his neighborhood when a c- new couple move or a couple moved into a new house whether they had just married or not. Where all the neighbors would get around outside the house and bang on buckets and things and make a lot of noise? You ever heard of that custom? 342: {NW} No I've never heard of that custom. I've heard of of I thought maybe you were gonna say a housewarming Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: you know. #1 Or a. # Interviewer: #2 Well I # think this was something like that but the before they invite before they came in the house they #1 would? # 342: #2 They would # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 342: #2 carry on with a # lot of noise #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: racket. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: If you were talking about a {NW} a group of people uh in not so nice terms and then you might say well I wouldn't give two cents for the whole what? {X} 342: kit and caboodle. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 342: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 342: {NW} That's my saying for it. {NW} Interviewer: Uh {NS} school at eight oh clock in the morning school does what? 342: Begins. Interviewer: Mm-kay and at say three-thirty in the afternoon it what? 342: It ends. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 342: #2 Or # closes. Interviewer: A child doesn't want to go to school he might what one day? 342: He might play hooky. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 342: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: Is what I thought mine would do that first year he was in school. Interviewer: That's right it when he was so #1 bored with it. # 342: #2 Yeah. # Well he was bored #1 to tears. # Interviewer: #2 You wanted to mail # a letter you'd take it to the what? 342: Post office. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh the woman who helps a doctor out in the hospital is the what? 342: Nurse. Interviewer: Mm-kay and if you wanted to catch a train you'd go to the? {NS} What? {NS} 342: Depot. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Does Huntsville still have the square downtown? 342: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I didn't know whether they did or not. 342: #1 Oh yes and that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: monstrosity of that court house that they put up there. Interviewer: Oh that's right I've seen that new courthouse #1 I don't like it. # 342: #2 Oh lord # I hate #1 it. # Interviewer: #2 Did they # tear the old one down? 342: Well yes they could've made the prettiest library I've always said that. They could've made a museum or a library they could've made a a gorgeous museum out of that thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: It was a beautiful #1 building with. # Interviewer: #2 And they just knocked it # down huh? 342: And they just {D: floored} #1 that and built that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: monstrosity. Interviewer: #1 Did Huntsville ever have # 342: #2 {D: Of course.} # Interviewer: street cars? 342: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Track # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: did you call them street #1 cars or trolley # 342: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: cars or #1 what? # 342: #2 Street # cars my father was a motorman on one. #1 For ten years # Interviewer: #2 They used to be a # really big honor you #1 know. # 342: #2 That # was a big #1 thing to go ride. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # If you were riding on one of 'em you might tell uh the conductor or the motorman at the next corner I want? 342: Off. Interviewer: Okay. And Huntsville is the what of Madison county? 342: {NW} It's the county seat. Interviewer: Okay. Uh let's see. The war that was fought between the north and south was called what? 342: War between the states. Interviewer: Okay. 342: {D: Lord mercy.} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 What uh? # 342: #2 Mis- Mister # Watson is a big Civil War bug #1 {D: and he can} # Interviewer: #2 Oh really? # 342: tell you. Interviewer: What state, now some of these are kind of crazy this questions what state is New York City in? {NS} 342: New York Interviewer: Okay. What about Baltimore? 342: Maryland. Interviewer: Okay and uh Richmond? 342: Virginia. Interviewer: Mm-kay and Asheville? 342: North Carolina. Interviewer: And Charleston? 342: South Carolina. Interviewer: Okay and Atlanta? 342: Georgia. Interviewer: And Miami? 342: Florida. Interviewer: And Huntsville? 342: Alabama. Interviewer: Mm-kay and New Orleans? 342: Louisiana. Interviewer: And {NW} Louisville? 342: Kentucky. Mm-kay and uh Knoxville? Tennessee. Interviewer: Saint Louis? 342: Missouri. Interviewer: Mm-kay and uh Little Rock? 342: Arkansas. Interviewer: And Tupelo? 342: Mississippi. Interviewer: Dallas? 342: #1 Texas. # Interviewer: #2 And # Tulsa? 342: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Okay. What about the states extending from Maine to Connecticut on the map they're called the what states? 342: Oh um east. Interviewer: Okay ever hear them called the New Eng-? 342: New England states what I was tr-. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh # 342: #2 I tell # you I chase down these {NW} people {X} and um genealogical records and trying to find these states and so #1 sometimes {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Oh yeah.} # 342: I can't. Interviewer: You know the maddening thing I would think would be uh like well Alabama and and southern states I guess all states in it but Alabama and Tennessee I know changed counties three or four times they started off with relatively few very big counties #1 {D: and then they started.} # 342: #2 Well uh # that's one thing that we have I mean you have to know how now I have attended uh three workshops genealogical workshops. But uh we have what you call the uh genealogic- genealogist handbook. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And in each one of those things they have a map of the state but then they have it listed by counties and then uh they tell you when that county what year that county was formed. And over here they have {D: the mother} counties. Interviewer: Oh I see. Well now that would be a handy #1 thing to have. # 342: #2 Oh it's # handy I tell you you can't you can't look up genealogy hardly without it I it up there. Interviewer: What about some of the the big cities in Alabama name some of the major cities in Alabama? 342: Mobile, Montgomery. Birmingham. Interviewer: Okay. #1 What about? # 342: #2 Huntsville. # Interviewer: #1 what about yeah Huntsville don't forget Hunt- # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 what about in Georgia? # 342: #2 {NW} # {NS} Oh Atlanta Augusta uh. Interviewer: How about the port town in Georgia? Old southern town? 342: Oh um wait a minute. {NS} {NW} That's another thing my mind I #1 tell you it just goes. # Interviewer: #2 Savannah? # 342: Savannah Georgia. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh 342: It goes blank every once #1 in a while. # Interviewer: #2 Well that's a # people aren't likely to ask you things like that without #1 naming the town you know? # 342: #2 {NW} # Oh yeah they ask me they y-you'd be surprised at the questions we get. {C: background noise} {NS} Interviewer: Oh real- I 342: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 wouldn't be I used to # well, I- I #1 worked. # 342: #2 You # would be surprised I'll tell you. But uh one of the things that would floor you. You know uh they talk so much about these obscene phone #1 calls. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: And this Helen Moore that I was #1 talking # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 342: to you about {D: she has to be} {X} and the quickest thing on the trigger so to speak about doing things. {NS} And she went up there the other day and was at the desk and the phone rang so she uh answered it. {NS} And uh the voice on the other end asked her a very very very obscene question. And just out of the blue she said uh she waited a minute and then she realized what he had said and she said uh is that a reference question? Interviewer: Oh n-. #1 {NW} # 342: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} That's beautiful that is that's #1 {D: wonderful.} # 342: #2 I'm telling you # we have laughed. Interviewer: #1 that's really quick thinking. # 342: #2 And that # and uh she said they waited and waited and waited and {X} they just hung up. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah they didn't they they didn't know what to say # {NS} You know when I taught at uh #1 U A E # 342: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {D: each year} we had the library #1 had trouble with obscene # 342: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: phone calls all the time. 342: Well you know the funny thing uh they call that that one and then they called both of our branches main branches. Interviewer: {NW} 342: And asked the same identical question. Interviewer: {NW} 342: #1 {D: And it likely} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: scared the girls #1 to death out # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 342: there. Interviewer: Yeah the #1 the girls. # 342: #2 That Helen was # just so quick #1 the that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: was about #1 the cutest # Interviewer: #2 that was # 342: #1 thing I # Interviewer: #2 {D: the best} # 342: #1 had heard in a long # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 time. # Interviewer: #2 {D: ever heard.} # 342: {NW} Interviewer: What are some of the uh major religious denominations around here? 342: Well I think the major ones are the Methodists and the Presbyterians and the Baptists and the {NS} Catholics. Interviewer: Yeah. you know I think the Jehovah's witnesses are creeping in on us here I noticed 342: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 that in Florence they just # 342: #1 talk about that we have # Interviewer: #2 built one of these. # 342: one up yonder. Interviewer: {NW} There in Florence they just built one of the what they call Kingdom #1 Hall. # 342: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And I noticed driving over here tonight there's a new one out on #1 the highway # 342: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: there so they must be kinda they're 342: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 they have just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: #1 recently # Interviewer: #2 in my part. # 342: they have just recently um built this one they'd been having a little meeting out and they had a little Kingdom Hall out {D: here uh I think} it was off. {X} {C: background noise} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: background noise} 342: But um we ha- {NW} let me see wha- oh uh speaking of that {NS} uh we have a service of course up at the library now that uh uh called community services and this young lady who is head of that is uh it it's the blind and the deaf #1 department you know. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Alright. Mm-hmm.} # 342: So this person she had uh {NS} uh we tape books they have people to come in and uh tape the books for the blind #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 342: So uh she wanted one of these Jehovah's witness books taped. Well uh Joyce had it taped for her. So uh yesterday morning she was reading the letter that she had gotten of thanks from her and in braille it'd been typed in braille. And Joyce was read- {NW} {D: and he} told her that uh God knew uh Jehovah knew that she was doing this. {NS} But that she had better get right with Jehovah because {NW} oh blah blah blah blah. #1 Well I never heard such a long rigmarole # Interviewer: #2 Oh my goodness. # 342: of stuff in my life. Interviewer: And this was all typed out in #1 braille? # 342: #2 And was # all typed out in braille every bit of it. And it we do get some fun but you speaking of reference questions you know people will call about things that you've never even dream of they'll call and ask you if they supposed to wear what kind of w- we- uh clothes they're supposed to wear to a wedding. Interviewer: {NW} 342: They'll call and ask {D: you if you're} supposed to wear a hat you know to this or that and after dark if you're supposed to have this and that and the other. And they'll call and ask you how to set the table. Interviewer: Yeah. 342: They call and ask of course five hundred times a day uh about uh if we'll look up an address in the phone books. #1 You know from # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: some other city. Interviewer: {NW} 342: And uh well I um one of the cutest things I ever had though to ask this little boy called one day and he said uh is this the library and I said is this the library? {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 342: And I said yes this is the library. {NS} And he said well how much rent how much will the back rent be on Little Women? {NW} Interviewer: The back rent. {NW} Oh me. 342: {NW} I said honestly I said uh what did you say son? And he says how much will the back rent on little women be? Interviewer: Back rent. 342: Well of course he didn't tell me how long the #1 book had been # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: overdue or anything #1 about it you know. # Interviewer: #2 Well he figured that # 342: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 342: #1 But he yeah. # Interviewer: #2 you just knew # 342: I'm supposed to know I've settled bets over the telephone. Interviewer: Yeah now I can imagine 342: #1 I've settled # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 342: arguments. I spent one whole lunch hour up there one day trying to uh prove to a man to two men. And uh they wanted to they were asking they were having a quarrel about who was about {X} {NS} where he was born and that he was president and I said I'm sorry but one of you wrong now who bet the other one? So I said now who's {X} stakes. {NW} {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 342: #1 they were # Interviewer: #2 boy. # 342: drunk but you could they were just enough you know that #1 you you # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 342: could tell. But they would call every minute. Now wait just a minute you've got to tell this other one. You've got to tell Bill and John or whatever his name was you know so he'll know and he'll pay me off. Interviewer: {NW} 342: And I told him {X} was born in Tennessee well they didn't believe that you know. {NS} Wanted to know where he was born well I had to tell 'em exactly when where and how. But he was president of the United States. I said no he was Secretary of State. {C: background noise} Interviewer: {NW} 342: Oh boy Interviewer: He had a major building in {NW} civic building in Nashville is the {X} building. 342: Well certainly. But uh they didn't they got in an argument over it. Interviewer: That's some. 342: And then you'd find out family history for you d- you'd get things I have one person that called there one day and they read me the act of everything that this one person had done and I kept trying to hang up on 'em and I told 'em I was not the least bit interested. Interviewer: {NW} interviewer: that means it's recording now #1 okay # 364: #2 {X} # interviewer: {NS} {NW} Alright and your middle initial is A too isn't it 364: yes A interviewer: okay 364: for- {X} I was saying my A is that's the way my initials yes Andrews uh- middle is Andrews interviewer: and what's your mailing address {B} {NS} were you born in Franklin county? 364: yeah interviewer: In Russelville? Right here 364: what no, not in rus- well e- e- Rockwood interviewer: #1 Rockwood okay # 364: #2 Rockwood # Rockwood Alabama interviewer: I know Rockwood that's where I'm from 364: you are? interviewer: yeah my mother was a Malone, do you know the Malones at Rockwood? 364: what Malone interviewer: Luther 364: your mother {B} interviewer: #1 they certainly {X} # 364: #2 {X} # {B} Oh your grand daddy I know more about the Malone's than you do interviewer: #1 we better not put all that on there # 364: #2 no # interviewer: {NW} {NS} {NW} 364: some things I wouldn't interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # I wouldn't want to broadcast interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: how old are you? 364: eighty-one interviewer: eighty-one 364: {NW} {NS} interviewer: what religion? what church do you #1 go to # 364: #2 Baptist # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # would be Baptist {X} interviewer: you're a retired farmer? 364: well yes {NW} interviewer: where was your mother born? 364: uh she's born in Franklin County interviewer: okay 364: mm-hmm interviewer: and your father? 364: {X} your father, was he born in no no my father was a slave {NS} interviewer: where was he born? 364: South Carolina interviewer: South Carolina mm-kay do you know what kind of formal schooling your mother had how many y- did she go to a to a public school? #1 formal school # 364: #2 y- yes # uh what little schooling we had at that time was public school interviewer: you know what grade she went to? 364: Oh we didn't have any grades interviewer: #1 any grade # 364: #2 no # #1 w- wasn't no # interviewer: #2 Okay {NW} # 364: grade interviewer: okay, did your mother work? 364: yes yes she works she did uh oh I don't know uh mostly housework and she was midwife interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 for several years # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # interviewer: what did your father do? 364: he was a #1 did uh # interviewer: #2 kind of work? # 364: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 364: uh stone work {NS} interviewer: what was your moth- grand- let's see your I mean your mother's parents their names where they were born do you know that about your mother that'd be your grandmother on your mother's side 364: on my mother's side my grandmother {NS} aw {NS} my grandmother was a {NS} she was she was a slave interviewer: mm-kay 364: and she was uh she belonged to the Jones family {X} {B} was my mother's father interviewer: okay {NS} what was her name Mr {D: Teethe} 364: My my grandmother? interviewer: yes sir 364: Ellen interviewer: Ellen? 364: Ellen interviewer: Okay {NS} 364: she was a {D: healman} interviewer: okay 364: {X} interviewer: alright now how about your grandfather on your mother's side 364: my my grandfather that was doctor {B} interviewer: okay {X} how about then on your daddy's side? 364: Nothing, I don't #1 know anything about that # interviewer: #2 don't know anything about that # 364: he was sold in his mother's arms on the block in Nashville Tennessee interviewer: now that's your grandfather 364: #1 That's my father # interviewer: #2 your # #1 father okay # 364: #2 my father # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # and his th- uh ancestry I don't know anything about interviewer: alright how old is your wife? 364: she's sixty-five interviewer: okay same religion? 364: no she's a methodist interviewer: mm-kay {NS} {NW} was she born in Franklin #1 county # 364: #2 yes # interviewer: {NS} {NS} how about her grandparents her parents her parents first 364: her parents w- she uh her mother was a Suggs she was a hmm {B} interviewer: okay 364: and h- her husband was {B} {NW} {X} {X} {NS} {NS} {NS} interviewer: Hello aux: alright how are you interviewer: #1 fine thank you # 364: #2 {NS} # interviewer: {NS} alright it asked me to ask about your social contacts do you um well I know you still go to church do you belong to any kind of clubs like a #1 american legion or anything like that? # 364: #2 I'm yeah # I'm a legionnaire and I'm a uh boy scouts and I'm mason interviewer: okay 364: thirty-second degree mason interviewer: alright 364: uh interviewer: how many children do you have? 364: we raised nine nine children {NS} seven are living interviewer: bet you've got a lot of grandchildren don't you 364: yeah oh I haven't counted interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 recently I know how many # The last time I counted I think they said there's twenty-seven {NW} that's the last t- {C: speed increases towards the end of this chunk} {X} {C: tape sped up} seventeen, eighteen, ninety, twenty interviewer: good thank you now uh the number after twenty-six the number after twenty-seven #1 twenty # 364: #2 twenty-seven # interviewer: #1 seven the number after twenty-nine # 364: #2 # thirty interviewer: the number after thirty-nine 364: forty interviewer: the number after sixty-nine 364: seventy interviewer: after ninety-nine 364: one hundred interviewer: after nine hundred and ninety-nine 364: thousand interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: now the number after nine hundred ninety-nine lets see if I can give you the number now nine hundred ninety-nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine you know what that one is 364: nine hundred ninety-nine thousand interviewer: nine hundred ninety-nine 364: that's #1 a million # interviewer: #2 a million okay # wish I had that many dollars 364: oh what I interviewer: {NW} 364: oh yes I'd fill all my debt interviewer: {NW} 364: far as it went #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 # interviewer: #2 # okay this has to do with numbers too if there's a line of men somewhere you say the man at the head of the line is which man just a line of men standing there and you're counting them but you'd say the line the man at the head of the line is which one? 364: i- in numbers? Number one interviewer: alright how e- what else would you say for number one? like first second 364: third interviewer: #1 alright # 364: #2 fourth # fifth sixth #1 seventh # interviewer: #2 okay # good {NS} {NS} how about counting on up for me naming those men to the eleventh one? 364: to the eleventh? interviewer: #1 how far how far'd we # 364: #2 and th- and then # interviewer: get let's start over again the first one 364: one two interviewer: #1 not counting them in what order they're standing in # 364: #2 oh # first second third fourth and you want to know the twelfth one interviewer: I want to know all the way through to the eleventh from the first one to the eleventh one 364: that would be the n- next one would be the twelfth interviewer: alright but we stopped at fourth what's the next one? 364: fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twe- interviewer: okay good {NS} sometimes you say you feel like you get your good luck just a little bit at a time but your bad luck how? 364: my bad luck? interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: does it come a little at a time or? 364: a- haw i- i- it {X} {NW} my bad luck comes {NW} so often I don't know whether it comes all at once #1 or not {NW} # interviewer: #2 okay {NW} # if you said last year I got twenty bushels to the acre this year I got forty bushels so this year's crop is what compared to last year's 364: twice the yield interviewer: good, uh now name the months of the year for me 364: #1 month of the year oh # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 364: {NS} January February March April May June July August September October November and December interviewer: okay good now let me check my recorder to make sure we getting you {NS} okay we checked it out fine now would you name for me the days of the week? 364: uh beginning at uh I mean Monday's the first day interviewer: okay 364: Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday interviewer: okay you count Sunday the sabbath then? 364: yes interviewer: if you meet someone at about eleven o'clock in the daytime how would you greet him how would you speak to him? 364: about eleven o'clock I'd say good morning interviewer: okay and how about after 364: good evening interviewer: okay uh when you leave somebody how do you leave them what do you say when you leave them? 364: I say goodbye interviewer: okay uh what do you call the part of the day after supper? 364: {X} interviewer: what do you call the part of the day after supper? 364: I'd call it after supper I'd call it night interviewer: mm-kay, you must eat late 364: uh-huh I do interviewer: okay {NW} {NS} if you have to get up and start working just as the sun comes into sight you say you had start when? {NS} 364: sun up interviewer: okay uh you say we were a little late this morning when we started out in the field the sun had already 364: risen interviewer: okay if you worked 'til the sun went out of sight you worked until 364: uh sundown interviewer: okay today is Tuesday and Monday was today is Tuesday and Monday was {NS} 364: m- Monday was I don't get interviewer: #1 okay t- like this is Tuesday today and so what do you call Monday in relationship to today # 364: #2 that y- yes # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # I'd call it uh interviewer: the day before today 364: I'd call it the first day of the week interviewer: okay but it like on this is a Tuesday and we'd say this today is Tuesday and Monday was 364: yesterday interviewer: yes okay and Wednesday will be 364: would be tomorrow interviewer: okay if somebody came on Sunday last Sunday and he came a week earlier than last Sunday you'd say he came here when 364: last week interviewer: okay if he's going to leave next Sunday a week beyond Sunday it'd be what? 364: next Sunday {NS} interviewer: if somebody stayed at your house from the first to the fifteenth of the month how long would you say he stayed? 364: I'd say he stayed a half a month interviewer: you ever heard anybody call it a fortnight 364: beg pa- interviewer: did you ever hear anybody call that a fortnight? 364: uh yes I've heard, I've heard it interviewer: #1 but you don't use the term # 364: #2 e- no # #1 use the term # interviewer: #2 okay # 364: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # if you want to know the time of day what do you do? you ask somebody? 364: ask somebody or {NS} interviewer: how would you ask them? 364: what time is it interviewer: okay 364: #1 please # interviewer: #2 and then # 364: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # and then they get what out of their pocket to tell you? {NS} 364: thank you interviewer: then they what do they tell you the time by though? #1 what do they use to tell you the time # 364: #2 {NS} # their watch interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock is what time? {NS} {NS} 364: midway interviewer: yes sir 364: #1 oh that's half past # interviewer: #2 {NS} # #1 half past # 364: #2 {NS} # #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 {NS} # #1 uh how about if it's ten forty-five? Do you # 364: #2 {NS} # #1 quarter to eleven # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 364: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if you've been doing something for a long time you might tell me I've been doing that {NS} 364: #1 Wouldn't it that depends on how ah uh the length of time I've been doing it # interviewer: #2 {NS} # 364: #1 by # interviewer: #2 okay # 364: I'd there's some things I've been doing I call it all my life interviewer: okay have you ever heard anybody say for quite a spell? 364: yes quite a spell interviewer: #1 okay you use that term? # 364: #2 I # I use quite a while interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NS} # 364: #2 # interviewer: #1 you say business wasn't very good th- last year but I hope it'll be better # 364: #2 # next year interviewer: uh if a child has just had his third birthday you'd say he is 364: three years old interviewer: if something happened about this time last year you'd say it happened 364: mm it ha- I'd say it happened a year ago interviewer: you look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 364: clouds interviewer: if it's the night and you at the sky and there are no clouds around you say I believe we're going to have a 364: beautiful day I would say interviewer: good if it's not a nice day the sun is not shining and bright you'd say it's what kind of day 364: I would say it's a cloudy day uh yes I'd say cloudy interviewer: alright if it's been fair like it has been and then the clouds come and you expect rain or snow in a little while what do you say about the weather 364: I would say the weather's turned foul interviewer: if it's been cloudy and the clouds go away and the sun comes up what do you say about the weather 364: it's gone {D: fair off} interviewer: #1 good # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # interviewer: If you have a lots of rain that comes down all at once what would you call that heavy rain? 364: downpour interviewer: there was one in here I thought was real interesting did you ever hear anybody call it a a goose drownder? 364: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 a goose drownder # 364: #1 # interviewer: #2 # a heavy rain #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: {NW} 364: #1 I've heard the expression a gully washer # interviewer: #2 yeah # #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: {NW} uh somebody else I did called it a frog strangler 364: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: well I would they've used so many {X} interviewer: what do you call a storm that has thunder and lightning 364: mm that has well a storm interviewer: that has thunder and lightning 364: cyclone interviewer: okay 364: Sorry I interviewer: check {NS} if the ven- wind was very high during the night you'd say all night the long all night long the wind has 364: blown interviewer: uh if the wind's coming from ooh I guess that direction what is that? 364: south interviewer: okay the wind's from the 364: south interviewer: okay uh a wind halfway because between south and west what do you call 364: call it uh southwest interviewer: okay and halfway between uh south and east? 364: uh southeast interviewer: and halfway between east and north? 364: northeast interviewer: and halfway between west and north? 364: #1 northwest # interviewer: #2 okay # 364: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if it's raining but not raining very hard just a few fine drops coming down how would you describe that rain? 364: I'd say it's uh uh wait a minute sprinkle interviewer: okay 364: {NW} uh some {NS} a sprinkle interviewer: then a shower be a little bit more than a sprinkle wouldn't it? 364: w- yes yes interviewer: and when it's just bad it's coming down like you just look out and you can't really see it but you know it's coming down 364: a mist interviewer: okay 364: call that a mist {NS} interviewer: what do you call that uh white stuff that comes up from the ground some cold mornings 364: I call it dew interviewer: #1 alright # 364: #2 {X} # yeah dew interviewer: dew but some mornings you get up and like it's just a little ti- well not not necessarily cold but you see this white stuff and it's hard to drive through #1 call it # 364: #2 uh # fog interviewer: if it hadn't rained in a long time what do you call that? 364: a drought interviewer: the wind's been real gentle and now it's getting stronger gradually what would you say it's doing {NS} 364: well see now what would I call that {NS} {NS} would you mind repeating it please? interviewer: uh the wind's just it's been very gentle and it's just gradually getting stronger what would you say about the wind? {NS} 364: wind is rising #1 I say # interviewer: #2 okay # 364: the wind's rising interviewer: okay if it's just the opposite and the wind has been strong and now the wind is getting weaker and weaker 364: I said th- it's gonna cease be the wind's ceasing interviewer: okay {NS} on a morning in the fall and you find it's cold but not real cold the kind of weather you like to be out in what would you say this morning it's rather 364: pleasant {NS} interviewer: if there's a white coating on the ground you say you had a 364: frost {NW} interviewer: you'd say it was so cold last night the lake did what? 364: froze interviewer: if it gets much colder tonight the pond might 364: freeze interviewer: and it had before I got out there #1 the pond # 364: #2 had # already frozen interviewer: alright {NS} what do you call this room in your house {NS} {C: rooster crowing} 364: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: {NW} living room interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 I just # {NW} interviewer: #1 some people call them you know sitting rooms okay # 364: #2 yes # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # interviewer: uh about how high would you say this room is 364: nine feet interviewer: okay #1 the smoke goes up through the what you got one # 364: #2 chimney # interviewer: okay if if there's that kind of thing like a chimney on a factory do you still call it a chimney? 364: no I call it a on a factory? interviewer: yes sir 364: I call it smoke stack interviewer: alright and what's back of the fire place? #1 called {X} # 364: #2 hearth # the hearth interviewer: #1 and this one # 364: #2 {NS} {C: rooster crowing} # uh mantle interviewer: alright {NS} what's the big round piece of wood with the bark on it that you put in the fireplace to make a big fire 364: back spit interviewer: what do you call the kind of wood you use to start a fire with? 364: kindling #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: {NS} {C: rooster crowing} interviewer: what is the black stuff that forms in the chimney called? 364: soot interviewer: alright and when the fire burns down real low and just leaves something what do you 364: ashes interviewer: alright and what color are they 364: white interviewer: alright what do you call that piece of furniture you're sitting in? 364: a th- the name of #1 it or the # interviewer: #2 yes # 364: chair interviewer: alright and this piece of furniture 364: th- that's a couch interviewer: alright what's a piece of furniture in your bed room that has drawers in it and you put your clothes in 364: uh tha- that'd be the dresser interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: the room where you sleep? what do you call that room 364: I call mine the dog house interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: and you stay in it all the time 364: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: sure do #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: yeah they put me in the dog house {NW} interviewer: #1 what do you call all these tables and chairs and beds as a group? # 364: #2 furniture # that's what it is interviewer: alright the thing that you pull down to shut light out? 364: shades interviewer: okay 364: {NW} #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # what look a little room off the bedroom that you hang your clothes up in #1 called # 364: #2 closet # interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {X} # 364: #2 {NS} # interviewer: that rooster gonna get louder than you and me both isn't he if you don't have a closet what might you have to put your clothes in? 364: uh interviewer: if you didn't have a built in closet? 364: if you don't have it? interviewer: mm-hmm what would you call something that you might be in your bedroom that you put your clothes in hang them up in? 364: uh #1 I don't I hardly really know # interviewer: #2 {NS} # #1 Did you ever have something called a wardrobe? # 364: #2 call it # interviewer: #1 Oh yeah yeah {X} yeah # 364: #2 a chifforobe or # chifforobe or wardrobe interviewer: okay 364: {D: oopsie} interviewer: what's the room at the top of the house that's just under the roof called 364: just under the roof? interviewer: yes sir 364: uh that's now that sort of depends on what the what sort of house it is okay what would you call this one for instance under this house? I'd call it neither just under the roof of this is the uh this th- we have a second floor here aux: #1 upstairs # interviewer: #2 you have an upstairs # okay but if you didn't have an upstairs what would you call between this ceiling and the roof 364: attic interviewer: okay and the room that you cook in? 364: kitchen interviewer: uh what do you call the little room off the kitchen where you store canned goods 364: that's the closet interviewer: okay uh what do you call a lot of old worthless things that you need to throw away {NS} 364: my folks called it junk interviewer: #1 okay {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what would you call a room that you use to store that in? 364: uh storage room interviewer: okay uh if you're talking about your wife cleaning up uh da- doing the daily housework what would you say she does every morning? 364: house cleaning interviewer: okay uh what does she sweep with? 364: broom interviewer: uh years ago on Monday morning women usually did what? 364: on Monday morning? interviewer: yes sir what'd they used to do on monday morning do it all the time now I do 364: wash interviewer: right {NW} 364: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # how do you get from the first floor to the second floor in a two story house? 364: on the stairway interviewer: alright if you had stairs both inside and outside the house would you call them by a different name? would you still call both 364: I'd call one outside and one inside stairway interviewer: #1 you'd still call them stairway okay # 364: #2 stairway yeah # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # interviewer: what's uh that built across the front of your house called that I walked up on when I came here? 364: the porch interviewer: okay what would you call one of those that was big and had columns under it would you still call it a porch? 364: yes interviewer: okay 364: {NW} interviewer: can you have a porch on more than one floor? 364: sure interviewer: what do you call the one that's upstairs? 364: now I do- I wouldn't know what I'd just call it the upstair- uh- the upper porch interviewer: {X} do you call like uh one at the back door the same thing? 364: yes interviewer: if it has a roof on it does it make a difference what you call it? 364: mm {NS} interviewer: does it make do you call it the same thing if it has a roof on it or if it doesn't have a roof on it 364: I would interviewer: you would okay if the door is open you don't want it that way you tell someone to do what? 364: close it interviewer: uh what do you call the boards on the outside of a house that lap over each other? 364: that's the weather boarding {NS} interviewer: uh if you want to hang something out in the barn you just take a nail and do what? you want to hang something up you take a nail and do what to it? {NS} with a hammer 364: uh drive a nail an ha- and uh hang the {X} whatever interviewer: alright if the nail didn't go far enough in you'd say it's got to be 364: uh if it don't go far enough in? interviewer: if it doesn't go far enough in the first time what would you say about it besides an ugly word 364: aw interviewer: {NW} {NS} 364: {X} that's a that's a tough one interviewer: I didn't drive it in far enough it has to be 364: uh driven deeper interviewer: good #1 okay # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what do you call the part of the house that covers the top? 364: roof interviewer: okay what do you call the little things along the edge of the roof that carry water off 364: the gutter {NS} interviewer: if you uh have a house in an L what do you call the place where the two come together up at the top like you got on your roof it comes together like this what do you call this part? 364: uh interviewer: I may not be describing it right 364: I I think I get what you but I can't remember I can't remember valley I'd call it the va- {NW} interviewer: uh what d- would you call a little building outside that you use for storing tools? 364: I'd call it a tool house interviewer: alright what about if you use it to store wood what would you call 364: wood house interviewer: okay what do you call an outdoor toilet? 364: I'd call it a privy interviewer: #1 okay {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: any other joking words that you know that you'd call an outdoor toilet 364: well I {NW} I don't I don't I don't know I {NW} interviewer: uh 364: Uh I- I wouldn't interviewer: okay that's fine if you had troubles and were telling me about them you might say well {NS} 364: I don't remember or I don't know interviewer: alright your troubles you're telling me about your troubles you'd say well 364: uh interviewer: you'd say I've got my troubles too I've had my troubles too 364: Yeah I'd I yes {NS} I'd have I've I would say I've had the same trouble that you that you you undergoing now interviewer: okay 364: or similar troubles interviewer: If I say did you hear that noise outside how would you reply? 364: I did not or I did interviewer: would you say I heard it? 364: yes interviewer: Or did- okay uh if I ask you if you know a person you might say no I really don't know him but I've 364: seen him interviewer: okay 364: {NW} interviewer: If a friend came back to town and another friend had been visiting with him you might be asked have you seen him you seen him yet and you might {D: supposed} to say no I 364: haven't seen him interviewer: uh {NS} uh something that you do every day do you do it frequently I ask and you'd say yes I 364: do that every day interviewer: does your brother like ice cream yes he 364: does {NS} interviewer: if your son is in school but doesn't pay any attention to the teacher you might think he just 364: silly interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # like I am #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # alright if a man let his farm get all run down and doesn't seem to care you might say to someone who asks I really don't know but he just 364: lazy interviewer: um if you've been trying to make up your mind about something would you say I've been thinking about it or I've been thinking around it 364: I'd say I've been thinking about it interviewer: okay {NS} you might say you live in a framed 364: house interviewer: uh are there other kinds around here? 364: no interviewer: uh the big buildings behind the house where you store hay what do you call that the building you store corn in? 364: barn interviewer: okay you do make any difference between a corn crib and a barn? 364: well no no I wouldn't interviewer: okay 364: same {X} interviewer: what do you call a building or a type of building where you store grain 364: grain bin interviewer: okay the upper part of a barn is called what? maybe where you might store hay 364: oh uh a- uh we call it the loft interviewer: okay e- uh if you've got some hay piled up five up outside what do you call that? 364: hay stack interviewer: when you first cut the hay what do you do with it? 364: uh rake it {X} interviewer: alright do you know any names for small piles of hay raked up in a field 364: small piles interviewer: yes sir what would you call that 364: well wh- w- w- we called them hay cocks interviewer: alright {NS} it's been about how much time do we have left on that one where do you keep your cows 364: in the pasture interviewer: alright if you keep them in a special shelter when it's raining what do you call that? 364: shed interviewer: alright uh what do you call a place where you keep your horses? 364: uh I'd call it the stable interviewer: alright besides the barn did you ever have a special place where you'd milk the cows outside 364: the cow pen interviewer: uh where do you keep hogs and pigs 364: keep them in the uh hog pen interviewer: alright does this have a shelter or is it open 364: it's open {NS} interviewer: {NW} how about where we get milk and butter from now what do you call that place? where they make milk and butter now #1 uh where # 364: #2 the dairy # interviewer: alright uh it asks you if the word dairy has any other meanings for you 364: dairy uh I wouldn't I'd think not interviewer: alright it refers to uh maybe a place where people used to keep their milk and butter before they had milk and butter did you call that a dairy where they kept milk and butter? to keep it cool? 364: mm no we usually we used to put it in the spring if we had no spring we put it in the well I helped cool my milk in the well interviewer: okay 364: open well not the dug wells interviewer: okay 364: but the usually in the spring interviewer: what do you call a place around a barn where you let cows mules and other animals walk around 364: barn yard interviewer: what do you call the place where you let them go out to graze 364: pasture interviewer: is it fenced or not 364: it is {NS} interviewer: uh I know you've raised cotton hadn't you 364: oh yes interviewer: what kind of work do you do when you raise cotton what are some of the terms 364: uh well you after planting you e- e- uh you chop it so m- so much to do plow it up plow it and uh {NW} ne- when it's ripe you pick it interviewer: okay what do you call grass that grows up in a cotton field where you don't want it? 364: {D: flowers} interviewer: {NW} my granddaddy I my other name is Gist do you know the Gist family? 364: Gist? No interviewer: my granddaddy Gist used to say that the only way you could get rid of Johnson grass was to move off and leave 364: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: we that applies to b- Bermuda it don't for Johnson grass sitting there s- sm- Bermuda interviewer: cotton and corn grow in a what? 364: field interviewer: how about tobacco 364: uh it grows in a field interviewer: #1 okay what things would you say were grown in a patch? # 364: #2 too # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # patch a small plot of of land interviewer: #1 that's different from a field # 364: #2 yeah smaller # smaller interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 yeah # interviewer: how about a lot? lot? well that's 364: about the same as a patch interviewer: alright what kind of fences do you have around yards and gardens some of the different kinds of fences we're talking about a pretty fence now that you put around the flowers maybe to keep the chickens out 364: net wire wh- what I was saying interviewer: okay what about one that's made out of little strips of wood? 364: palings interviewer: and what kind of fence uh wire fence that you might catch your pants on if you try to climb over what do you call that fence? it's wire and has little sticky things on it 364: barbed wire interviewer: what do you call the kind of fence made out of split rail that you lay zig zag 364: mm that's a regular fence interviewer: okay when you set up a barb wire fence you have to dig holes for the what? 364: posts interviewer: alright what do you call just one of them? 364: hickory interviewer: just one of those that you dig a hole for 364: panels interviewer: okay what do you call a fence or a wall made out of loose rock that you might take out of a field? you go out and gather up some loose rock in a field and build a fence out of it what would you call that? that kind of fence 364: I m- I'd call it a stone fence interviewer: okay what term would you use in describing your wife's best dishes? 364: uh china interviewer: alright did you ever see a egg made out of china? 364: yes interviewer: what do you do with it? 364: nest egg {NW} a nest egg interviewer: okay uh what would you use to carry water in? 364: pail interviewer: would it be made out of wood or metal? 364: either interviewer: okay what d- would you use to carry milk in? 364: it'd be a #1 pail # interviewer: #2 alright is there any difference between a bucket and a pail? # 364: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 364: no interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 no # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # interviewer: what kind of bucket might you keep in a kitchen to throw scraps for the pigs in? 364: a slop bucket interviewer: okay what do you fry eggs in? 364: frying pan interviewer: what's it made out of? {NS} 364: uh {NS} s- they're made of steel a frying pan interviewer: What did they used to be made out of? 364: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 old black ones # 364: uh iron interviewer: alright uh what what was something that was big and black and used to have it out in the back yard you used it for to heat water to boil your clothes in? 364: that's the wash pot interviewer: okay would you use it for anything else besides boiling clothes in? 364: yeah heating water if uh {X} like that interviewer: okay uh 364: {NW} interviewer: uh you call it a pot would you also call it a kettle? 364: yes interviewer: what do you call a container that you put flowers in to look pretty? 364: uh flower pot interviewer: how about if it's uh just a smaller one a glass one you wouldn't call it a pot like that one with those flowers in it what would you call that? 364: vase interviewer: okay what are the eating utensils that you set at each plate when you're setting the table for supper? 364: plate interviewer: alright, what else? 364: knife and fork interviewer: okay if you serve steak and it wasn't very tender you might have to put ki- some kind of special steak something by the plate what would you put 364: cup and saucer interviewer: no something to cut the steak with 364: oh knife interviewer: #1 different kind of knife though than the regular knife that you put on the t- # 364: #2 yeah # steak knife interviewer: okay if the dishes are all dirty you'd say it's almost supper time before we can have supper we've got to have some clean dishes somebody's got to 364: wash #1 dishes {NW} # interviewer: #2 okay {NW} # after your wife washes the di- dishes then what does she do with them? 364: dry them interviewer: okay how about in between washing and drying? 364: rinse them interviewer: okay what do you call the cloth or the rag you use to wash dishes? 364: we call it the dish rag interviewer: okay what do you call the one that you use to dry dishes 364: drying cloth interviewer: what do you call a small square cloth that you use to wash your face? 364: I didn't get #1 that # interviewer: #2 small cloth that you use to wash your face with # {NS} 364: a face um you- you- it's a cloth? interviewer: yes sir 364: oh a wash cloth interviewer: okay and after bathing what do you use do dry yourself off with? 364: uh bath towel interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what's the thing called the water pipe on the kitchen sink that you use to #1 turn water on # 364: #2 faucet # a faucet you say it was so cold out last night that our water pipes froze interviewer: and then what 364: busted interviewer: okay people used to buy flour in a big container what was it called? 364: a barrel interviewer: {NW} what did molasses come in when you to buy it in large quantities 364: mm we c- also I've seen it in barrels and kegs interviewer: okay how about lard? what was it called in large quantities? 364: lard interviewer: yes sir 364: {D: hands} interviewer: how about a stand? a stand of lard 364: stand of lard yeah #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 okay # 364: that's that's a stand of lard interviewer: okay what do you use if you've got a little bitty bottle and you want to pour something in it from a #1 bigger bottle # 364: #2 funnel # I'd use a funnel interviewer: what do you use to make the horses go faster when you're riding in a buggy? 364: whip interviewer: uh if you bought fruit at the store the man might put them in what? {NS} 364: bag interviewer: okay uh 364: {NW} interviewer: how would a very large sack a- a very large quantity of sugar packaged you bought a lot of sugar what would you call it? 364: uh interviewer: a fairly large quantity 364: {D: I} well it the- let's see a large quantity now of sugar would co- I have seen it in barrels a barrel of sugar w- we used to used to get it in barrels interviewer: how about fifty pounds of flour? would that come 364: fifty pounds interviewer: yes sir 364: yeah we'd it wouldn't be a that wouldn't be a barrel fifty pounds interviewer: okay what is there do you make a difference in what you call a sack that's made out of paper and one that's called out of- made out of material? made out of cloth 364: I'd call one a cloth sack and one a paper sack interviewer: but you'd call both sack 364: sacks interviewer: #1 alright # 364: #2 yeah # interviewer: what do you call a bag or a sack that potatoes come shipped in 364: uh interviewer: or maybe feed or seed what kind of bag is that that it comes in? 364: uh {NS} {X} {NS} interviewer: made out of a little 'bout like mesh material {NS} 364: croker sack interviewer: Okay 364: croker sack interviewer: is that the same thing as a tow sack? 364: yes #1 a tow # interviewer: #2 okay # 364: sack a croker #1 sack {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # I never heard it called anything but a tow sack and what else did you #1 call it # 364: #2 croker # croker sack interviewer: croker #1 I never heard it called that # 364: #2 croker sack # you haven't heard of that? interviewer: #1 no sir # 364: #2 well # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # now in- in- in- in uh in different places you'll se- uh give me a tow sack now maybe at some other place say give me croker sack interviewer: how do you spell that that you're calling that? 364: I think it's spelled I think it begins with a K I'm not certain though interviewer: I just never heard the term before I that'd be a good one #1 I don't I don't know that # 364: #2 yeah croker sack {NW} oh yeah # interviewer: what do you call the amount of corn you take to the mill at one time to be ground 364: kern interviewer: uh what about the amount of wood you can carry amount of wood you can carry what do you call that 364: well now that's different terms sometimes you call it a pack of wood and a armful of wood uh {NW} interviewer: when the light turns out an el- an electric lamp you might you'd have to put in a new what? 364: bulb interviewer: okay when you carry the washing out to hang it up on the line what do you carry it out in? 364: uh {NS} {D: it be a} clothes ba- clothes bag or {NW} interviewer: she's helping 364: clothes basket interviewer: #1 yeah {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # interviewer: what do nails come in 364: kegs interviewer: what runs around a barrel to hold the wood in place? 364: that's the hoop interviewer: what do you put in the top of the bottle to keep it from spilling out? 364: that's the cork stopper interviewer: okay what do you put in your mouth and {D: row} it back and forth to play 364: blow in it? interviewer: #1 yes sir the a musical instrument # 364: #2 oh that's # a french harp interviewer: okay what about one that you hole between your teeth and you {D: plunk it} 364: the old jew's harp interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: uh what do you pound nails with 364: hammer interviewer: if you have a wagon and two horses what's the long wooden piece called between the horses? 364: the wagon tongue interviewer: if you have a horse pulling a buggy before you hitch him you have to back him in between what? 364: the shafts interviewer: uh for the parts of the wheel you start with the inside the hub and the spokes that would be in the what? 364: the felloe interviewer: now wh- when you speak of felloe wh- do you mean just the individual piece with two spoke holes or all those pieces combined 364: I- I uh either one it- now some some felloes are solid we call them solid felloes the don't only two pieces cause they're solid felloe it uh they joins in the in the middle that's uh they're more more often seen in buggys but now wagons usually carry uh two spokes each sp- each piece has two spokes but I have seen them in wagon wheels solid felloes {NS} interviewer: uh on a buggy the thing the traces come back to in order to hook on what's that called 364: the trace interviewer: okay uh on a wagon you'd have two horses and each one has a singletree what do you a thing that #1 both {X} # 364: #2 doubletree # interviewer: what would you say somebody's doing when he's filling up his wagon at the wood lot wood lot taking it to his house and filling it up again? 364: hauling wood interviewer: okay uh if there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a rope to it and 364: uh tied a rope to the log? interviewer: yes sir and then did what to it? 364: drug it out interviewer: okay uh what did you break the ground with in the spring? 364: cutting plow interviewer: okay after you've plowed what do you use #1 to break ground # 364: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what is it that the wheel of the wagon fit on to? 364: the wheels of a wagon? on the axle interviewer: okay what do you call an X-shaped frame that you lay a log across to chop into stove wood 364: a chopping block interviewer: uh what do you call an A-shaped frame that you use to lay boards ac make a table for a church supper? {NW} something like this {NS} 364: you lay what on them? interviewer: It says you lay uh boards across maybe to make a table for a church supper and you've got these things shaped like an A what do you call those? 364: I wouldn't hardly get that I interviewer: okay how about uh you ever heard anybody call a saw buck the X-shaped thing is that a saw buck? Is that called a saw buck? 364: buck oh yes yes #1 yes # interviewer: #2 well is that the same thing as a saw horse? # 364: yes some some call them a saw horse and some a uh buck horse buck yeah buck horse interviewer: okay are they both X-shaped 364: #1 yes yes # interviewer: #2 like this? Okay # 364: #1 {NS} # interviewer: #2 # uh you straighten your hair with a comb and a what? 364: brush interviewer: uh you sharpen a razor strap I mean a razor on something a leather what do you call that? 364: razor strap interviewer: okay, what do you put in a revolver? in a gun 364: cartridges interviewer: what do call the playground equipment that children play on where one child balances the other? 364: see saw interviewer: {NW} what do you call a limber plank that's fixed at both ends that children used to come up and ju- come jump up and down on 364: spring board interviewer: there might be a plank that's anchored in the middle to a post or a stump and chil- {NS} a long rope that you tie to a tree limb and put a seat on it what do you call that? 364: {X} interviewer: #1 a long rope maybe you tie it up on a tree limb and put a seat on it for children to play on # 364: #2 oh # swing yes {X} interviewer: what would you call a container for coal that you keep near a stove or a fire place? 364: container the scuttle interviewer: okay what runs from the stove to the chimney 364: that's the stove pipe interviewer: okay uh what do you have outside that you move things around in a little small vehicle that you hold on to and move things around in 364: uh {NS} ah what would I call that #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # maybe you'd carry bricks in it 364: uh huh I know what you're talking about but I just can't think of the name #1 {NW} # aux: #2 wheel barrow # 364: #1 # aux: #2 # interviewer: a wheelbarrow 364: well yes a wheelbarrow but uh I was thinking you's talking about a we call them a trucks really two handled trucks you know interviewer: yeah well I've never heard them called trucks but that's one of the names here that's something they say 364: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 called by # 364: well uh lots of times y- you go to these uh warehouses they have little trucks you know interviewer: yeah 364: load them up and push them interviewer: #1 like you put maybe a refrigerator on # 364: #2 yeah yeah # interviewer: {NS} what do you call a thing that you sharpen a knife on? 364: uh whet stone interviewer: uh the kind of stone that turns around that's fixed on a stand 364: uh that's uh grinding st- ro- stone interviewer: okay uh if you didn't when you when you went from a wagon to a motorized vehicle what did you call it if you don't drive a wagon you drive a what? 364: car interviewer: okay if something is squeaking to lubricate it you have to do what to it 364: oil it interviewer: okay if I say not oil but this hard stuff that you put on it what do you call that? 364: I call that {X} axle grease interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 if it's a # wagon interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: if grease got all over your hand's what would you say 364: {NW} oily I'd say my hand's is greasy #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 okay # uh what is it that you use to burn in lamps 364: coal oil interviewer: #1 Is there another name? # 364: #2 uh kerosene # kerosene interviewer: okay what might you call a makeshift lamp that you make with a rag a bottle and kerosene It'd be a homemade lamp you'd make it with a rag and a bottle and kerosene 364: torch {NS} interviewer: inside the tire of a of a car what is that? inside the tire of a car 364: inner tube interviewer: uh if you've just built a boat and were going to put it in the water what would you say you're going to do to it? 364: I'd say I was gonna launch my boat interviewer: what kind of boat would you go fishing in on a small lake? 364: row boat interviewer: what would you call one with a flat bottom 364: hmm well that c- that could be a flat bottom uh boat too a row interviewer: okay a row boat could have a round or a flat #1 bottom # 364: #2 {X} either one # interviewer: if you were going to the next village and I said will you be home today you might say no I 364: If you're gonna visit? interviewer: you were gone go maybe to town I said and I asked you are you going to be home today and you'd say no I 364: I'd say I- I- I can't make it I won't be back in time or no just interviewer: #1 just flat no # 364: #2 no just flat no {NW} # interviewer: he said he was going to get some cake and you'd say uh now I'm 364: too interviewer: okay if a child has just learned to dress himself and the mother brings in the clothes she'd lay them down and say what? 364: put them on put on your clothes interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 okay {NW} # interviewer: If I asked you if you think Mr Nixon is going to be elected again you might say no but 364: uh I would say th- well I- I don't know what term I'd use for Nixon interviewer: #1 {NW} I chose a bad name didn't I {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # I'd like to say I'd like to say I'd rather not say #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # if you think Governor Wallace is going to be elected again you'd say no but 364: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: {NW} ah let's not {X} #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: {NW} interviewer: you might say no but I know a lot of people who think he is 364: yeah oh yes {NW} interviewer: if you meet a little boy on the street and he's afraid of you you might tell him that you were not going to hurt him by saying don't cry I little boy's afraid of you on the street and you'd say don't cry I 364: I'm your friend or interviewer: alright you might tell a boy send your dog over here I'm not gonna 364: hurt him interviewer: I just want what? 364: to play with him interviewer: alright if you've been having an argument with somebody and you wanted to ask him if you didn't think you were right about this you'd say well I'm right and then what would you say? 364: I'd say no you are not interviewer: {NW} okay you'd say well I'm right aren't I? Or I'm right am I not? How would you ask him? 364: I'd say you're not right {NS} interviewer: uh if someone thanks you for a ride into town you might say don't mention it we 364: uh interviewer: you gave somebody a ride and thanked you and you say oh don't mention it we 364: I- I mm you're I would say you're welcome or uh interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 yeah # interviewer: di- you might say well don't mention it we were going to town anyway 364: well yes yes interviewer: uh if you were talking about the old age when everything was better than it is now you might lean back and say 364: we used to interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # we used {NW} interviewer: you'd say those were the good old days 364: yeah interviewer: {NW} if somebody asks was that a- was that you I saw in town yesterday you might say no it 364: wasn't me interviewer: okay do you ever hear anybody use uh like if somebody says how are you instead of saying um how are you have you ever heard anybody say how be you? how be you? 364: I have heard it sure I have heard interviewer: #1 is that an old expression do you # 364: #2 it's # an old expression interviewer: #1 and it means the same as how are you # 364: #2 same # how are you interviewer: uh if a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color she might take along a little square cloth to use as what? 364: sample interviewer: uh a little girl has on a very becoming dress you might say my what a 364: pretty little dress interviewer: #1 okay {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what might your wife wear over her dress in the kitchen? 364: her apron interviewer: to sign your name in ink you use what? 364: pen interviewer: to hold a baby's diaper in place you use 364: pin interviewer: okay uh soup you buy usually comes in what? 364: {X} interviewer: when you buy soup what does it usually come in? when you buy it at the store, soup 364: uh box interviewer: alright it but if it's liquid what would it come in? instead of a bottle? 364: a a- a s- soup? interviewer: soup that you eat 364: #1 oh soup soup {X} # interviewer: #2 like campbell's {NW} # 364: if it if it ca- uh a can interviewer: #1 alright # 364: #2 it'd be in a can # interviewer: what kind of can? 364: tin can interviewer: alright and a dime is worth how many cents? 364: ten interviewer: what do you put on when you go out in the winter time to keep you warm? 364: a normal coat interviewer: okay you'd say that jacket has fancy buttons 364: on the front interviewer: okay what times uh sometimes you wear a suit in between the uh the coat and the shirt there's another piece what do you #1 call that # 364: #2 it'd be a # vest {NS} #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # interviewer: a suit consists of a coat and a vest and what else 364: trousers interviewer: do you any other names 364: pants interviewer: okay what do you wear when you're working around the barn or the shop? {NS} instead of pants? {NS} 364: th- th- they'd be overalls interviewer: #1 Okay # 364: #2 {NW} # overalls interviewer: uh if you had just come home from work and your wife said about a package name delivered there the delivery boy from Jones store just 364: just dropped it off interviewer: okay if it was the wrong package Jones might call up and say please 364: return it interviewer: okay that coat won't fit this year but last year it 364: it {NS} won't fit this year but last year it was a nice fit interviewer: okay if your old clothes wore out you'd have to buy a what? 364: new suit interviewer: okay 364: if they're available interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets like hickory nuts what does it make them do? 364: rattle interviewer: {NW} how about what do you call those that makes them stick out like this? {NS} 364: you- your pocket? interviewer: yes sir 364: uh bulge interviewer: #1 alright # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 uh # 364: #2 {NS} # interviewer: if you bought a new shirt and your wife put in in hot wer- hot water hot what might it do? 364: draw up interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 # interviewer: if a girl spends all her time in the mirror making herself look pretty what would you say she likes to do? 364: like to primp interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: uh what do you call something you carry your money in? 364: uh if I had any I'd carry it in my pocket book interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: if it was small and a woman carried it what would you call it 364: purse interviewer: okay what does a woman wear around her wrist like this 364: bracelet interviewer: and around her neck? 364: uh interviewer: #1 maybe a lot of little things strung together # 364: #2 yeah e- uh # interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # oh that's I know interviewer: you string 364: necklace interviewer: #1 alright a necklace # 364: #2 necklace # mm-hmm interviewer: uh #1 but some of them that are just be- uh huh that's what I wanted {NW} # 364: #2 beads beads{NW} # interviewer: what do men wear to hold up their trousers 364: uh belt a interviewer: #1 alright, instead of a belt what # 364: #2 a uh suspend- # suspenders interviewer: what do you hold over your head when it rains 364: hat umbrella interviewer: okay what's the last thing you put on a bed the fancy top cover when you make up your bed called? 364: uh bed spread interviewer: uh at the head of the bed you put your head on what? 364: pillow interviewer: uh do you remember using anything at the head of a bed that was about twice as long as a pillow? 364: we called them bolsters {NS} interviewer: okay {NS} what would you call a bed cover that's old fashioned and hand pieced out of scraps 364: quilt interviewer: #1 what would you call a makeshift sleeping place down on the floor that children like to sleep on # 364: #2 I call it a # pallet interviewer: #1 okay {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # interviewer: you say oh we expect a big crop from that field because the soil is very 364: rich interviewer: another word for rich soil 364: fertile interviewer: okay the flat low land that you find along a stream of water what do you call that? 364: call we call it the bottom interviewer: okay uh what do you call a low lying grassland? or a field that might be good for nothing other than raising grass clover or alfalfa? 364: well I wouldn't know whether to call it a meadow or a or interviewer: that's fine okay 364: #1 wh- # interviewer: #2 what # 364: meadow I would call it interviewer: okay how about some land that has water standing in it for a long part of time what would you call that w- land that had water standing in it 364: oh that wouldn't be a pond would it? interviewer: no it would be uh mostly land but just co- just slightly covered with water that stood there and got sort of rank 364: we we call it uh low land uh interviewer: okay and this I know that down in like Louisiana they call it a swamp do you call it that here? 364: well yes we we- we- we- I have I have known of land we'd call swampy interviewer: okay 364: swampy lands interviewer: does it have does a swamp a swamp have trees in it sometimes 364: sometimes interviewer: okay 364: {NW} interviewer: uh there's a place along the sea that's salt hay grows do you know what that's called? 364: where what grows? interviewer: where salt hay grows along the sea something like a swamp do you know the word marsh? 364: I know the word marsh but I didn't know it other th- that uh #1 definition # interviewer: #2 well do you # call something else around here a marsh? do you think it just applies to the sea along the sea? 364: no sometime I have seen marshy we call it marshy land soft wet land we call it marsh marshy interviewer: mm-kay 364: oh that ground is marshy its interviewer: {NW} uh what different kinds of soil do you have in the field if it was part sand and part clay what would you call it? 364: part sand and part clay uh {NS} we have the term we use black land clay land and uh sandy land interviewer: alright 364: w- interviewer: how about loam 364: loam? interviewer: loam do you ever use that term loam L-O-A-M ? {NS} 364: I know the word but I don't know I wouldn't know how to know reference to anything about loam I- I know the word but interviewer: #1 only time I know that word is like you can buy loam or peat moss or something you know like in a garden store for plants but I don't know if # 364: #2 oh uh yes yes # I don't I don't know where where I I have no memory of uh contacting anything that I- would be called loam interviewer: okay {NS} #1 uh suppose you had some land that was a little bit swampy and you wanted to put it to cultivation what would you do l- to the land to {X} # 364: #2 ditch it # interviewer: okay uh would you call what would you call the ditch that you dug anything besides a ditch? 364: mm drain interviewer: alright uh {NS} a canal do you call them a canal around here? 364: huh? interviewer: would you call it a canal? around here or is that a bigger ditch? 364: bigger ditch that'd be to- too big for around here interviewer: okay {NW} 364: go out in Arkansas around you'd find canals {NW} interviewer: uh what do you call a a little stream like the {D: seeder} down here 364: I call it a a- branch interviewer: alright one a little bit bigger is called what? 364: creek interviewer: alright and then still bigger? 364: uh would be a r- river interviewer: alright what about a deep narrow valley that a stream of water might cut in the woods what would you call that? or a field about ten feet deep and ten feet across a s- a deep narrow valley that would be cut in it what would you call that valley? 364: {NS} I w- I don't think I can interviewer: I know you called it this before a gully? 364: yeah #1 oh yes you {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 364: I was thinking about a {X} maybe carrying water interviewer: oh okay how about a ravine is that the same 364: same thing it's a r- ravine interviewer: oh a wash wouldn't be as big as a gully 364: no no wash would be e- through the field m- interviewer: a e- a very small rise in land like if I'm going down the road and just come up on a small rise 364: tha- uh we'd call it a hill interviewer: alright how about one bigger than a hill? 364: uh well it'd be a we'd call it a mountain interviewer: alright Uh what's the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharp called? 364: bluff interviewer: okay up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place what would you call that? like you'd be going up the mountain and the road would go across in a low place in the mountain what would you call that 364: uh Interviewer: Thought it'd be called 364: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Instead of a gravel road what kind 364: Black top Interviewer: alright now uh is that is is a black top and a paved road the same thing? 364: Same thing. Interviewer: okay um what kind of uh materials do they use to make black top out of? 364: Asphalt. Interviewer: okay um is asphalt the same thing as tar? 364: mm I wouldn't think s- yes, yes, just put it yes Interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 same thing that's what the # it's all a mixture. Interviewer: and the little, the little pebbles that are put in that black top what do you call those? 364: I call them it'd be the the gravel. Interviewer: okay uh what would you call a little road that goes off the main road? 364: Branch road. Interviewer: If you come to a man's farm and you uh come to a turn off going down to his house what do you call that? 364: um I don't know we'd use so many simple terms I wouldn't know which Interviewer: Okay what about a track you drive your cattle down when you carry them to pasture? 364: The path. {NW} Cow path. Interviewer: alright is a lane #1 the same thing? # 364: #2 lane # yeah lane or cow path Interviewer: uh something along the side of the street for people to walk on 364: s- the side walk Interviewer: alright two boys are walking across a field and one of them saw a crow in the field eating the farmer's corn he reached down and picked up what to chase the crow off? 364: Rock. Interviewer: alright, what would you say he did when he picked up the rock? 364: I'd say he threw it. Interviewer: alright, okay he'd s- he'd get back and he'd tell the farmer I picked up a rock and 364: Threw it at your {D: cobs} Interviewer: {NW} uh some little boys they say chucked? 364: Yeah chucked {D: cob.} Interviewer: Alright {NS} if someone came to visit your wife and you met the person in the yard you might say she's 364: in the house Interviewer: alright she's in the kitchen? 364: yeah, could be Interviewer: alright uh if you put uh milk in your coffee some people like it milk that way and some people like it other now how do you refe- how do you refer to the difference in #1 In that # 364: #2 I'd # call it well we call it uh black coffee. Interviewer: is that with or without? 364: Without. Interviewer: alright. 364: Without the cream. Interviewer: And the other way you just say with cream? 364: Yes. Interviewer: okay I like more cream then I do coffee 364: Well, well I like either #1 both of them # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: {X} cream in my coffee and sugar. Interviewer: I do too if someone's not going away from you, you might say he's coming straight 364: To me. Interviewer: alright, what's another word for to me? coming to me what's another word for that? coming this dir- 364: #1 towards # Interviewer: #2 direction # 364: me. Interviewer: okay later on you were telling another friend about something you say I wasn't looking for them I just sort of ran I really wasn't looking for them I just sort of ran 364: Ran into them. Interviewer: okay if a child is given the same name that his father has you say that they named the child 364: Junior. Interviewer: Alright, would you say they named him for 364: for him Interviewer: for his father? #1 or after his # 364: #2 after his # father. Interviewer: good 364: yeah {NW} Interviewer: {NW} uh the kind of animal that barks 364: Dog. Interviewer: Uh what would you say to your dog if you wanted it to attack another dog or a person? 364: I'd say sic 'em. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: If he's a little old mixed breed sort of worthless and small and noisy dog what do you call it? 364: {NW} {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh how about a cur? 364: a what? Interviewer: Cur, C-U-R you ever heard a dog 364: Oh yes Interviewer: #1 {X} # 364: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: or a mongrel? 364: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Those words mean about the same thing? 364: Yes uh in Interviewer: just a sort of little useless dog 364: Useless dog uh-huh uh Interviewer: I mean one that doesn't do much but bark 364: uh y- you mean a kind of dog that useless or something? Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a mongrel? 364: #1 yes but a nuisance # Interviewer: #2 I don't know # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh if someone insisted on going inside the fence where a watch dog was kept, you might say you better watch out or you'll get 364: bit {NW} Interviewer: uh in a herd of cattle what do you call the male? 364: Bull. Interviewer: okay, what do you call them when there are women around? you still call them a bull around wo- 364: Oh yes. Interviewer: okay, what do women call him? 364: Male. Interviewer: okay 364: {NW} Interviewer: uh the kind of uh um animal that you keep for milk 364: That's the milk cow. Interviewer: okay uh in grand my grandfather's time there were kinds of animals that u- that were used to pull heavy loads besides horses what were they? 364: Oxen. Interviewer: okay, what else? 364: Steer. Interviewer: uh how about something that resembles a horse? that looked like a horse? 364: Mule. Interviewer: And two hitched together would be a what? 364: Team. Interviewer: And four harnessed together would be called 364: Spiked team. Interviewer: A what? 364: A spiked team Interviewer: A spite? 364: Spiked spiked team. Interviewer: How do you spell the first word? 364: S-P-I K-E-D. #1 spiked # Interviewer: #2 spiked team # #1 Oh, okay okay {NW} # 364: #2 spiked team {NW} # Interviewer: What's the little cow called when it's first born? 364: We call it a calf. Interviewer: What's a female calf called? 364: Calf? Interviewer: A female calf is it does it have a different name than a male calf? 364: No. #1 they're both calves # Interviewer: #2 they're both calves # alright good if you have a cow by the name of Daisy and she was expecting a calf, you might say daisy is going to 364: {X} Interviewer: Going to what? 364: {D: crushing} Interviewer: {X} 364: {X} Interviewer: okay 364: th- that's that's what we call it. Interviewer: #1 Okay {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: uh What do you call a male horse? 364: Male horse? Interviewer: Yes sir. {NS} 364: Well I {NS} be either be a horse or a stud. Interviewer: Alright, did women use that word years ago? 364: I doubt it {NW} Interviewer: Would men have said that in the presence of a woman, a stud? 364: Uh hardly. #1 you'd hardly say it # Interviewer: #2 hardly alright # what would it be called then instead of a stud? 364: {NW} he called it uh Interviewer: Is that a stallion? 364: Yes stallion. Interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 it'd be a # stallion. Interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 that uh # be the proper way #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh riding animals are called what? 364: Saddle horse. Interviewer: A female is called a 364: Filly uh Interviewer: alright, a female horse or male or female is still called a 364: uh colt Interviewer: okay is that that's just a young horse? 364: Yes. Interviewer: is a mare which one is that e- either either one #1 that's either one # 364: #2 yeah # A filly is a is a uh is a female filly Interviewer: okay 364: is a young ho- young horse. Interviewer: Well what do you what what's the difference in a say just a horse and a mare? 364: well uh the uh w- we'd call {NW} we'd call a young horse we we'd just ca- say he's a young horse but if it's uh a female we say a young filly. Interviewer: okay and what which ones did you call mares? 364: Mares. Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Oh that's a grown that's your grown Interviewer: Is that a female horse that's grown? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: I see 364: mm-hmm Interviewer: when she's if its a female and it's young its a filly if it's a female and it's grown mare? 364: Mare. Interviewer: Okay {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you didn't know how to ride a horse you'd say I have never 364: Ridden. Interviewer: Okay if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell 364: Yes I if I couldn't stay on he threw me. Interviewer: Alright would you say I fell off or fell off of 364: I'd say I fell off that horse. Interviewer: Okay if uh if a little child went to sleep in bed and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I must've 364: Fell off. #1 fell out of bed # Interviewer: #2 okay {NW} # The things that you put on a horse's feet to protect them from the road? 364: Oh that's a shoe. Interviewer: okay the parts of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on to 364: Hoof. {NS} Interviewer: How about more than one foot? 364: His shod. Interviewer: Okay you call one a hoof what do you call more than one hoof? 364: His I call them his feet. Interviewer: you don't- do you call them hooves or are they still hoofs 364: They're still they're hoofs. Interviewer: Hoofs H-O-O-F #1 S okay # 364: #2 S # Hoofs. {NW} Interviewer: uh what do you call the game that you play with horse's shoes 364: Well pitching horse shoes. Interviewer: okay what is a male sheep called 364: Male sheep? Interviewer: Yes sir. don't raise many sheep around here 364: No no but I know a male sheep is a ram. Interviewer: Alright would you call that uh would use a ram in front of women several years ago would you use that term? 364: Oh yes yes that's a Interviewer: What do you call a female sheep? 364: Yew. Interviewer: Alright. What do they have on their backs that you raise them for? 364: Oh the wool. Interviewer: #1 okay {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: um the the hog male hog that you breed with the sow what do you call him? 364: Boar. Interviewer: okay Would you use that word in front of women several years ago? 364: No. Interviewer: What would you call them in front of ladies then? #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # I I don't know we we'd u- we'd we wouldn't use the word boar we uh we'd use uh s- male hog. Interviewer: Okay 364: {D: Usually} We'd say Interviewer: what would you call a male hog that you'd altered? 364: We'd call him. uh mm Interviewer: I hear this sometimes I think this is the term I hear like on the noon news they'll tell the farm news and they call them is it barrow a barrow? 364: Yeah barrow. Interviewer: Is that a male hog that's been altered? 364: Yeah a ma- uh barrow. Interviewer: okay 364: Barrow {NS} I was trying to think of the name but I cou- Interviewer: {NW} I thought that probably meant 364: yeah that's that's the barrow Interviewer: okay uh when uh talking about hogs, when one's first born what's it called 364: pig Interviewer: when it's a little older 364: shoat Interviewer: alright, how old does it have to be or how big does it have to be to call it a shoat? 364: {D: it would be from} a shoat after he gets uh uh I would say eighty to a hundred pound would be a shoat Interviewer: okay, what is an unbred female hog called? 364: Sow Interviewer: Okay uh what do hogs have on their backs? The stiff hair on their backs, what's that called? 364: The the hair? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Mm Interviewer: You just call it #1 hair? # 364: #2 Hair, yeah that's right. # Interviewer: Is it bristle? You ever call it bristle? 364: Well yeah in certain places it'd be bristle the- the on it's back to his neck would be his bristles Interviewer: Alright, that's what stands up when he gets #1 mad {NW} # 364: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Yeah he raise his bristles from to his tail Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh the big teeth that a hog has, what do you 364: Tusks. Interviewer: Uh how how about an elephant the big teeth an elephant has is that the same? Would you call that the same thing? 364: No that'd be his trunks. Interviewer: Alright now that's this but underneath his trunk he has these big teeth and you call those 364: Tusks. #1 Tusks # Interviewer: #2 Tusks too? # 364: Uh-huh Interviewer: Okay uh the thing that you put food in for a hog what do you call that? 364: Trough. #1 hog trough # Interviewer: #2 okay if you # you had three or four of them what would you say? how do you refer to the plural of three or four of trough? 364: well you just uh a- a trough could be a quantity of one or a dozen. Interviewer: Okay but if you had more than one trough #1 do you call it # 364: #2 {X} # Well I {D: still a} troughs Interviewer: troughs that's what 364: troughs. #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 okay # Uh do you have any names for a hogs that's grown up wild? 364: mm nothing but a wild hog. Interviewer: Alright if you had a pig and you didn't want him to grow up to be a boar what would you say you were going to do with him? 364: Castrate it. Interviewer: Alright would you use that term for a horse? 364: Yes. Interviewer: Or a calf? 364: Yes. Interviewer: How about a tom cat? 364: Same. Interviewer: #1 Same? # 364: #2 Right, # {X} Interviewer: Would that be the same term? 364: Same term. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the noise made by a calf when it's being weaned what do you say that calf began to 364: Uh we call it bawl. #1 something {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay # Then the gentle noise that a cow makes when she's feeding? 364: Feeding? Interviewer: Yes sir what noise what do you call that little gentle noise that she makes when she's eating, feeding? 364: I wouldn't I wouldn't know Interviewer: Is, do you know the term low? Calf began to low? 364: Low? Yeah oh yes that's but that that is applied mostly to a cow. Interviewer: #1 e- I see okay # 364: #2 lowing # Interviewer: How about the gentle noise that a horse makes? 364: {D: snaw} Interviewer: {X} how about whinny 364: #1 Whinny # Interviewer: #2 Whinny # The word whinny 364: Yeah. Interviewer: W-H-I-N-N-Y would you say the horse began to whinny? 364: uh {NS} yes yeah nicker I Interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 we- we- # call it nicker. Interviewer: Okay {NW} You've got some horses mules cows and so forth and when you're getting hun- when they're getting hungry you have to go out and do what? 364: Feed them. Interviewer: And what do you call feeding them? Feed the cattle or the what? 364: The well either one feed the cows or feed the cattle or feed the horse or the horses. Interviewer: Alright if you've got both cows and horses what do you call them collectively? 364: uh Feed my cattle or feed my horse or feed- feed up Interviewer: #1 alright # 364: #2 I'd say. # {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever call, refer to them as stock? Feed the stock? #1 If you've got both cows and horses? # 364: #2 yeah # Feed my feed my horse my stock. Interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 yeah # Interviewer: If you're going to feed hens turkeys geese and so forth do you have any one name for all of them? I'm gonna go out and feed the Would you refer to them individually as as chickens and? 364: I, I guess uh chickens and got to feed my my flock Interviewer: Okay. A hen on a nest of eggs is called what? 364: Sitting. Interviewer: Mm-kay the place where a chicken lives? 364: Uh hen house. Interviewer: Okay. If it's just a little roofed shelter built out in the open for the little chickens to run in out of the rain? 364: Roost uh yeah, chicken roost. Interviewer: How about uh, is there a difference between that and a chicken coop? Chicken coop? What do you, how do you, which do you call that? 364: Confine the chickens in the coop. Interviewer: Okay {NS} Uh When you were a little boy and you and they uh they had a chicken for dinner what piece did you used to fuss over? 364: {NW} We used to fuss over the the the gizzard. Interviewer: The gizzard that's not what I used to fuss over. {NW} The piece I always wanted the piece you always wanted the most Auxiliary: Drum stick {NS} 364: She answered the drum stick but I never did care Interviewer: I didn't either I wanted that piece that we used to break it apart and say we wish on it for luck now what do you call that? 364: We call that the the the wish bone. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} But I Interviewer: You ever, did you use to call it the pulley bone? 364: Pulley bone. Interviewer: Yeah. 364: {X} Interviewer: What do you call the inside parts of a chicken that you eat, the liver the heart and the gizzard? Collectively. {NS} The inside edibles what would you call I don't know this term myself but I thought you might have used it. 364: No I wouldn't. Interviewer: It uh do you know the term harslet? H-A-R-S-L-E-T? 364: Haslets, we used #1 to call them haslets. # Interviewer: #2 Ah okay. # 364: My but I thought that it {D: Well any would apply to} chicken but I I know it in a term used for for hogs I after we killed hogs. Interviewer: But you didn't use it for chicken. 364: No. Interviewer: Okay. 364: I I have never I don't remember using it for chickens. Interviewer: How about the part that you sometimes eat and sometimes stuff sausage in? The part that sometimes out of a hog for instance you cut it up and eat it makes like uh {C: NS} and then sometimes you use it like a tube to stuff sausages in. What's that called? {C: NS} {NS} 364: Uh {D: seems like that} {NS} Interviewer: Is that chitterlings? Auxiliary: Chitterlings {NS} 364: Now say it again. Interviewer: Alright it's a part of of inside part of a say of a hog and sometimes you cut it up to eat but other times you leave it whole and you stuff sausage in it. 364: Oh yes that should be the chitterlings. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 364: #2 {NW} # I didn't get the Interviewer: {NW} 364: didn't get the question right. {NW} Interviewer: Uh lets see if you want to go out to call the cows and you want them to come in, what do you call to them? 364: s- I'd say sook. #1 sook # Interviewer: #2 oh okay # Uh if you want them to stand still while you're milking. 364: Saw. Saw. #1 saw {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} How about calling a calf? 364: Calf? Interviewer: A calf. 364: calf? Interviewer: A calf. 364: Sook calf sook calf. Interviewer: Alright what do you say to a mule or a horse to make it go left? 364: Go to the left, haw. Interviewer: And to go right? 364: Gee. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the horses when you want to get them away from the pasture? {NS} 364: {D: cuf cuf} {NS} Interviewer: Uh what do you say to a horse when you want him to to urge him on? 364: Get up. Interviewer: Is that when he's already moving or when he's standing 364: #1 {D: still} # Interviewer: #2 still? # 364: Still. Interviewer: Is there any difference in what you say to him? 364: Yes it'd be a difference in uh {X} And now if he's standing still, you say get up. And if he's uh already moving you wouldn't say get up you'd uh uh Interviewer: You just wouldn't you wouldn't say that to him if he's already moving #1 just when he's standing still. # 364: #2 No no. # He's already he's already moving. Interviewer: #1 don't want to confuse him do you? {NW} # 364: #2 no {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: Uh what do you say to stop him? 364: To what? Interviewer: #1 To stop the horse. # 364: #2 Whoa. # Interviewer: What do you say when you want to back him into a buggy? 364: Back up back back. Interviewer: How do you call hogs to feed them? 364: Uh {NW} Now that hog calling is Interviewer: {NW} 364: So many different ways of calling I, I call mine with beating on the can or something {C: Audio becomes quiet} with a {NW} Interviewer: Okay we use that to {X} You don't use the same words for them that you use to call the cows up? 364: No, no You use sook, sook, sook when calling cows. But for the hogs you use {NW} Interviewer: They don't speak the same language then {NW} 364: they {NW} they usually know the difference #1 too, they're easily # Interviewer: #2 uh you know isn't that strange. # 364: easily trained. Interviewer: Yeah. 364: I'll get out there and just knock on a piece of tin and my hogs come from everywhere. Interviewer: {NW} 364: They know feeding time. {NW} Interviewer: Uh I, we said a while ago there're not many sheep raised around here but do you know what you'd say to a sheep to call it from a pasture? 364: No I I've heard them called but it, it's been so long I forgot what how do they what, what d- {X} {C: name} What do you say when you call sheep? Auxiliary: {X} 364: They, she had came off a farm. Her grandfather used to raise a lot of sheep. Interviewer: I d- I don't know any #1 terms for that # 364: #2 I I don't # I don't either. Interviewer: Okay Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: How about when you're calling your chickens to feed them? How do you call them? 364: Just call them chicken chick chick chick. Interviewer: Okay uh if you want to get the horses ready to go somewhere you say I got to you're trying to get your horses ready to go somewhere, what do you say you have to do to them? 364: Catch them. Interviewer: #1 Alright now if you catch them what do you do to them? # 364: #2 Catch them. # Saddle them or #1 or harness them harness them # Interviewer: #2 alright uh okay # uh what when you're driving a a horse what do you hold in your hand? 364: A buggy whip a whip. Interviewer: Alright but not the 364: #1 not the reins. # Interviewer: #2 reins. # 364: #1 Reins. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Is that what you guide a horse with? 364: Sure. Interviewer: Okay what do you put your feet into when you're riding horseback? 364: Stirrups. Interviewer: Uh if you have two horses the horse on the left is called 364: on the left the lead. The lead horse. Interviewer: Alright. uh If something is not right near at hand you'd say it's just a little 364: Off. Interviewer: Okay do you say it's a little ways off it's a little piece off or 364: Well I would say a little ways, a little piece off. Interviewer: Okay if you've been traveling and not finished your journey you might say that I've got a some way to go before dark how would you express that? You've been traveling and you're not quite there you'd say man before dark I've gotta 364: Lay over uh find a place to s- Interviewer: Okay would you say a long ways to go or a fur piece? 364: I'd say a long ways to go Interviewer: Alright and you don't use the term a fur piece? 364: No. Interviewer: Okay mm If something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a special place you can say that you can find that just about 364: Anywhere. Interviewer: If you slipped on the ice and fell this way you'd say you fell 364: Backwards. Interviewer: And he fell this 364: Sideways. Interviewer: #1 okay {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh if if I asked you did you catch any fish you'd say no 364: They wasn't biting. Interviewer: Alright would you say I didn't catch any or I didn't catch one or 364: None. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Not a one. 364: Not a one. Interviewer: Have you every heard anybody use the word nary? Didn't catch nary a one. 364: I've heard of it but I I never {NW} I never use nary. Interviewer: Well does it mean it means none? #1 Very good, okay. # 364: #2 None, none. # It means that's an old dialect {X} Interviewer: Mm {X} a school boy might say of a scolding teacher why's she blaming me I 364: I ain't done nothing. Interviewer: {NW} That's what they say all the time too. {NW} 364: I ain't done nothing. {NW} And uh by the way she's gonna whip him says don't whip me I ain't done nothing {NW} Interviewer: Someone say someone apologizes for breaking your your yard rake you'd say that's alright, I didn't like it. 364: Didn't like. Interviewer: I didn't like that old rake 364: Wasn't no good. Interviewer: Alright would you say anyhow or no way or at all? 364: Not at all #1 I would say. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # A crying child might say he was eating candy and he didn't give me 364: None. {NW} Interviewer: {NW] You say now that boy is really spoiled up, when he he's really spoiled, when he grows up, he's liable to have his trouble How would you talk about a boy that you thought might be going to get into trouble? When he grow up? 364: Oh he's Interviewer: {X} What I want is the word for probably what would you say for probably? 364: Probably. Interviewer: He's probably gonna have trouble or you might you probably say probably but have you heard apt as not? Apt is not to have trouble. 364: More {X} Interviewer: Yeah alright does that mean probably? 364: Probably Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 Same thing. # Interviewer: {NW} Uh if you have a a good yield you'd say we raised a big {NS} 364: Uh quantity. Interviewer: Alright uh what are the trees you call that you cut by a plow {C: audio quiet until 23:30} 364: They're {X} Interviewer: Yes sir. Uh if you got rid of all the brush and trees on the land what would you say you did? 364: Cleared it out. Interviewer: Alright the second cutting of clover or grass what do you call the old dry dead la- grass that's left over on the ground in the spring? 364: Well now that would be the mulch a uh I I'm satisfied that's would be the term we'd use it's Interviewer: Alright what would you say the wheat's tied up into? If you tie it up. 364: Tie in uh {NS} well its a just tied tied we called it bundles. Interviewer: Alright is that the same as a {D: sheaf}? 364: Sheaf. {C: mimicking interviewer's pronunciation} Interviewer: Sheaf is that the way you say it? 364: Well we call it yeah, sheaves we call it sheaves. Interviewer: Alright {NW} {X} I know that term just in you know like in hymns bringing in the sheaves. #1 Is that what it is? {NW} # 364: #2 yeah yeah yeah sure sheaves yeah that's {NW} # Interviewer: Uh when you tie, tie your bundles up what do you call that pile? Bundles of wheat that you pile up. 364: Shuck. Interviewer: Alright you say we raised forty something of wheat to an acre what are you talking about? 364: {X} Interviewer: You talking about a quantity of wheat maybe you say I raised so many something 364: #1 Bushels # Interviewer: #2 to an acre # 364: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: bushels. Interviewer: What do you do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 364: Thrash it. Interviewer: Alright. Uh if you and another man have got to do a job when you told him about it you'd say you and 364: I Interviewer: Alright. uh if you're not speaking to him just talking about him you'd say the job is for 364: It's no I would say I if I'm talking to him? Interviewer: No so you're not talking to him you're talking to somebody else about him who's going to help you over here. 364: Mm Interviewer: You'd say the job is for would you say both of us all of us. 364: I'd say for us both {X} Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody say for all two of us? 364: I have heard it yeah. Interviewer: We don't use it do we 364: No. We don't use it like that {C: noise} {NS} I I'd say both of us. {C: noise} Interviewer: If some friends of yours and you are coming over to see me you'd say {NS} 364: Visit. Interviewer: Alright what would you say, he and I? Him and me? How would you tell me that you and somebody else were gonna come see me? 364: Oh that's getting too much into my {NS} language {NW} Interviewer: {NS} How wou- 364: He, he and I Interviewer: Alright. 364: I would say. Interviewer: Okay good. Uh if you knock at the door and they say who's there you'd say it's 364: it's I. Interviewer: Alright. If you're sitting there expecting some man Interviewer: He's been dead. My granddaddy's long been dead about two years. #1 Yeah two or three years. # 364: #2 Three, about three years. # Yeah I know when he died. I was there just before he died. {X} this time I'm speaking about him. Interviewer: Well he was uh he loved to watch they my granddaddy grandmother and grand daddy loved to watch that story, it come ons at dinner as the world turns, 364: Yes. Interviewer: and he they were watching that one day and he just went to sleep during the #1 story. # 364: #2 Oh I see # Ah and his father was the man {D: Big Malone} {C: name} Interviewer: That's right. 364: Oh I think I remember Interviewer: You know all of the Malones, don't you? {NW} And then my grandmother Malone, the one you're talking about, she was a {D: Deviny}. 364: the who? Interviewer: {D: Deviny} you know all, the {D: Devinys}? 364: Yeah yeah she was Interviewer: She was a {D: Deviny}. Oh I got lot's of kinfolks around here. 364: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 I probably # should not ever run for political office cause I my relatives would not vote for me then I surely wouldn't get elected would I? 364: Oh I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: {NW} 364: I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: No I was just teasing. 364: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 they would # 364: Uh uh your husband is a who? Interviewer: My husband is from Texas he wor- he's the guidance counselor at the high school. He's a Foster. {C: name} 364: #1 Foster # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 364: Uh-huh Interviewer: but he doesn't have any people here. 364: No {NS} I was wondering if he was related to any of the Fosters that I know around {B} here. Interviewer: No, he's not related to anybody here. They're the Fosters that have money, we're the poor ones. 364: oh {NW} Interviewer: We used to get Mr Joe Foster's mail and his phone calls he lived up the street from us. 364: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 But we live # on the same street as him. But uh I always tell people, no he was the Mr Foster that had money we were the ones that were poor. 364: Poor. {NW} You're like I like I am about uh {D: problem} in town and a- which way you get to your house? I tell them which way to turn off I say you're now when you hit that road there ain't nothing on it but poor folk. {NW} I live in the last house {NW} Everyone gets poorer and poorer and I'm in the last house. {NW} Interviewer: Well I tried my best to come through from {X} from used to be {D: Griffen's} store to here that road doesn't come through here. 364: #1 No no it don't come through # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 364: come through don't come all the way through. Interviewer: I wonder why? 364: Did #1 I don't know wh- I don't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # in there or 364: oh no dear Griffin tried his best to get that he had it planned once and then he had it okay-ed the route through there and come around intersect this. and uh there was one {D: land} one land owner wouldn't okay it he wouldn't uh agree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 364: And of course he died then. couldn't get through but after that, after this man he he uh agreed that he wished he had let it come through. I tried to show him what the advantage Interviewer: Yeah. 364: cause Interviewer: It's a long ways out here from up at before you turn off at Jackson isn't it. 364: Yeah, yeah, uh, well it's it's three miles. {NW} Three miles when you turn off I just I this morning I was riding through uh you know where Mr. {D: Brooden's} place is? Old {D: Brooden's} place? Interviewer: No sir I don't know much on this road at all. 364: Uh well it's ain't on this road you turn and #1 go # Interviewer: #2 it's # that road to the left as I came down through here before you get to the bridge and you {X} off to the left 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 364: Yeah. {NS} that road now it's a black top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 364: But uh going on around it don't go but a little piece the black top then you hit gravel for half a mile when they black topped around there this man stopped him he wouldn't agree to {D: follow} to straighten the road. Just little old {X} and twisted they wanted to put a bridge there and straighten it and intersect the other road a half, just a half a mile. He wouldn't agree to it at all and that's why the black top black top stops now. Later on he tried to get them to uh come back and straighten it out black top is new course they wouldn't do it and still it's still gravel. Interviewer: And that little old bridge up by Mr Griffen's that's just gonna have to be fixed one of these days isn't it? 364: It should've a- already been Interviewer: I don't see how a school bus and trucks and things get over that, that was 364: It it's uh when the man surveyed this uh bridge here this new bridge you didn't see the little old bridge there. Interviewer: No. 364: It's uh it's still there the uh steel but it's way off down there to one side. And he asked me concerning that bridge how high I had how long I'd been living around here and what was the highest mark I had seen the water in that. And then when I showed him and we got to talking about it he said he wanted to s- d- going to build a bridge high enough to take care of all the water that come through there. And he did. It never overflowed but the other little old bridge down there {NS} there's a many time you couldn't get through there. Interviewer: I bet. 364: Just couldn't cross. I've seen the up over the bridge {NS} and I told him about that and he uh {NS} he he spoke about this bridge down there by Mr Griffin's he said that bridge is dangerous it, it's just a one way bridge and it ought to be a double lane, isn't it? He said now it couldn't be he said I could if I had the okay I could plan for it to be uh widened out without tearing it down. So it hadn't, they won't okay it Interviewer: Comes your daughter she looks like she's had a hard day at school today too. 364: #1 oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: We if you're teaching school all of them's hard. Interviewer: That's right, I hear- 364: Some's worse than others. Interviewer: Mr Currington told me she's one of the best teachers he has. {NW} #1 {X} # 364: #2 Mr Currington # Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Oh I wouldn't of thought that. Interviewer: He surely did. I told him last Thursday I was in a meeting up in his office and I told him I had to leave early cause I was coming out here and he said what'd you go out there for? #1 So he # 364: #2 Yeah {NW} # Interviewer: He said uh well you said that Ms. Tiggs is one of the finest teachers I've got. I'll pass that on to you, you {NW} 364: Well I {NW} I wouldn't of thought he'd of said it, but Auxiliary: He told you didn't he? 364: Huh? Auxiliary: He told you that didn't he? Interviewer: #1 Thomas did # 364: #2 well you could # How come you come in the back? Interviewer: Yeah you come slipping in the back? Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: Yeah 364: We, we aren't allowed to come in the front when we got when we got company. Interviewer: {NW} You better come on back in here. {NW} Auxiliary: That's the reason I 364: When we Interviewer: We're having a good time I sound like I'm in a well almost Auxiliary: Oh Interviewer: {NW} 364: Yeah that's uh that's my {X} I don't know what I'd do if that girl is leave me. Interviewer: Well. 364: Uh she she had a rumor out oh this year you {X} yeah this year she's gonna marry. and I told several the s- I {D: keep staring at her} {NW} she said {NW} I was telling {D: Dawn} {NS} she was very I said no if she go I'll go. I have to follow. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Nanny says I may go where you can't go I said I'll be at the bar {D: speaking in} {NW} Interviewer: She can't leave you huh? 364: No goodness. {D: She's estate} to me. Interviewer: Good let's see, where'd we get to? We got to uh We're gonna compare how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall as 364: As I. Interviewer: Alright or comparing how tall you are again you'd say I'm not as 364: I'm not as tall as he. Interviewer: Alright comparing how well you can do something you'd say he can do it better than 364: I {NS} Interviewer: {X} 364: We we usually said better than me. Interviewer: That's right. 364: Better than me {NW} Interviewer: Um if a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say two miles is 364: Too far to run I would say. Interviewer: Alright would you say as far as he could go or the farthest? 364: The farthest. Interviewer: #1 Farthest is that what you'd say? Okay. # 364: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: If something belongs to me you'd say it's 364: It to you? Interviewer: Yes sir to me. 364: It belongs to I'd say her. Interviewer: Alright would you say it's yours? 364: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 It's # yours Interviewer: Uh if you say if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's 364: Ours. Interviewer: Alright and if it belongs to them you'd say it's 364: it belongs to I'd say it belongs to them. Interviewer: Alright if it belongs to him you'd say it's 364: its its his. Interviewer: Alright and to her it's 364: Hers. Interviewer: Alright good. Uh people have co- have been to visit you and they're about to leave you'd say to them 364: Come again. Interviewer: Alright. uh If somebody's been to a party and started to leave and you were asking about their coat you'd say where are you gone get their coats for them wi- the- before they leave you'd say where are 364: Where are uh More than one? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Where are they? Interviewer: Alright I tell what they say we do here they say that we that when we say y'all 364: You all. Interviewer: Are we talking about one person or lots of people? 364: Lots of people. Interviewer: Lots of people, thats what I think too, we talking about a group #1 aren't we? # 364: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: Do you uh do you think anybody ever used y'all meaning just one person? 364: I- I I've heard it used that way but it {NW} not, not often. Interviewer: Not, well they you know a lot of times they up Northerners say we s- we mean we say y'all when we mean when we just talking about one person I don't believe we do that. #1 Have you ever # 364: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 we mean a group # 364: #2 No. # We don't do that. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: I've heard it used like that though. Interviewer: Uh if you Your children came in they'd been at a party you were asking about who was there you might say What would you how would you ask them about who did they see there? 364: Mm I'd say was he there or was she there. Interviewer: But have you ever hear the term who all was there? 364: Yeah oh yes. Interviewer: You say who all? 364: Who all was there. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay {NW} # 364: I've heard that. Interviewer: Alright and the same kind of word when you're asking about something somebody a speaker has said you might say uh Would you say what all did he say? Have you ever her- do you use the term what all as well as who all? 364: Uh {NS} I wouldn't but I've heard it used. Interviewer: Okay. 364: What all did he say? Interviewer: yeah I've heard that used. 364: Who all was #1 there # Interviewer: #2 yeah {NW} # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I have # 364: I've heard it used like that but {NS} Interviewer: Uh if you say if no one else will look out for them you'd say they've got to look out for 364: Themselves. Interviewer: If no one else will do it for him you'd say he'd better do it 364: Himself. Interviewer: Uh we- uh what is made of flour baked in loaves? 364: uh Interviewer: Made of flour and baked in a loaf. 364: We call it We call it loaf bread or light bread Interviewer: Alright when it's made to rise with yeast, what do you call it? If you use yeast in it do you call it a different term a different kind of bread? 364: No. Interviewer: Okay. 364: I wouldn't Interviewer: uh Other kinds of bread that your wife makes out of flour 364: Biscuit. Interviewer: Alright {NS} Uh what's baked in a large round cake made out of corn meal? 364: Corn bread. Interviewer: okay now you mentioned corn bread you mean by corn bread let's see Do you mean do you have more than one kind of corn bread? 364: Oh yes yeah. Interviewer: Tell me about the kinds of corn bread. 364: You have water bread. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Plain, plain bread, and you have milk bread. Interviewer: Do you bake at all? 364: Egg bread we would call it. Interviewer: Okay do you bake all of them in a round pan? 364: Yes we use the uh black pan or a round. Interviewer: Alright if you bake them in little pan little bitty things like this 364: We call them pone. Interviewer: Alright do you know the term corndodger? a corndodger 364: {NW} I've heard it but I don't know how to describe it Interviewer: Okay {NS} 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # {NS} It says do you ever remember any kind of corn bread that people talk about making before the fire on the board or something like that? 364: Oh uh yeah ash cakes. Interviewer: Okay. 364: My mother used to make them {NW} Interviewer: Uh it says what kind's about an inch thick very large and round that you cook in a skillet we said that was just called corn pone, right? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Then there's the kind that's small and it's sort of shaped like this and sometimes you put onion and green pepper in it what do you call that? You eat it with fish. 364: I don't know. Interviewer: You ever make hush, ever make 364: #1 hush puppies # Interviewer: #2 hush puppies # #1 yeah # 364: #2 I've heard of # them I don't know anything #1 about them I just # Interviewer: #2 Alright I think # 364: get some hush puppies Interviewer: I think that's what they're talking 364: #1 well I think so # Interviewer: #2 about here # 364: Must be hush puppies. Interviewer: Alright it says that there's something else that you sometimes have that you boil in cheese cloth with either beans or greens or something with chicken and you make it out of corn meal. What do you call that? 364: Dumplings. Interviewer: Alright do you make I don't make dumplings out of corn meal I make them out of flour. 364: Well I know but uh I use some corn meal dumplings once that sure was good Mister {X} used to live down here by Belle Greene I went down there once and uh right at dinner time he insisted that I would eated my dinner and I did and he had corn bread dumplings I never had any #1 before but # Interviewer: #2 I do # 364: good grief goodness it was good. Interviewer: What were they cooked in? 364: They was cooked in uh I don't know whether it was collard greens or turnip greens but it was it was cooked with them. And you talking about something good. Interviewer: Thats what you call potlicker? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: That you cook them in? 364: Yeah {NW} potlicker. Interviewer: {NW} 364: I declare that was perhaps told my mother about it she said oh I'll make you some sometime I don't remember her ever making them corn bread dumplings Interviewer: {X} beans or uh It's the kind of corn meal that you cook in a deep pan it comes out soft and you dish it out like you would mashed potatoes. What kind of bread is that do you know that kind of bread? 364: Yeah I know it {NS} we we used {NW} we used to call it cush. Interviewer: Cush. 364: Cush. {NW} Interviewer: I don't know that either now is that what we call spoon bread? Is that spoon bread? 364: Stone? Interviewer: Spoon spoon bread is that what that is? 364: No I think uh spoon bread now I've heard of it but you make it up with a spoon #1 Mix it with a # Interviewer: #2 oh yeah yeah. # 364: spoon. Interviewer: Okay. 364: But uh the old cush that I'm talking about it had a, it has another name. Interviewer: Is that grits? 364: No that's not grits. Interviewer: Not made out of the same kind of grain is it? Grits aren't meal are they? 364: No no grits are grits is a coarse meal real coarse maybe corn or #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 364: but uh this uh what we used to call cush now that's an old uh old uh we called it {D: rig} time talk {NW} antebellum #1 days # Interviewer: #2 yeah? # 364: Uh {NS} slaves used to make cush. Interviewer: Well I never heard of cush. 364: Cush. Interviewer: It's sort of like a mush? 364: Mush and cush is the same Interviewer: #1 I see. # 364: #2 thing, mush and # cush. And uh now you talking about something good it's good when when the {X} i- if you could find some of these old {C: pronunciation} people that could make it it certainly is #1 good. # Interviewer: #2 Well # I like cornmeal. 364: Put uh a little pepper in it black pepper and I have eat it with chipped up red pepper green pepper and uh mix it with an onions in it and stock from some a ham or meat or something. Lord you're talking about good Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I would love to know how to make it I love to cook. 364: Well you do. Interviewer: Mm I sure do. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Tell by looking at me can't you? 364: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 364: y- I no I can tell by looking at you you like to eat. Interviewer: That's right {NW} Well I like to cook too. {NW} Uh this says there are two kinds of bread the homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store what do you call it? 364: Now would that be cornbread? Interviewer: No well the kind of bread in a loaf maybe that you'd buy at the store. You just call it loaf bread? 364: Yeah that's all. Interviewer: Uh there's a little thing that's like shaped like this and it's fried in deep fat and has a hole in the middle what do you call that? Kind of like a cookie. but it's round with a hole in it and you fry it in deep fat. Auxiliary: Donut. {NW} 364: Yeah donuts I couldn't call the name I know what's it {D: stuff} Interviewer: #1 Alright # 364: #2 yeah donuts # Interviewer: Do you know another name for a donut? {NS} 364: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Uh this I've heard them called crullers but not around here I don't believe. C-R-U-L-L-E-R cruller? 364: I've heard the name but I didn't know Interviewer: I don't believe we ca- we just call them donuts don't we uh sometimes you make up a batter and you fry fry three or four of these at a time and you eat them with syrup and butter. What do you call these? 364: Batter cake. Interviewer: Alright is that the same thing as a pancake? 364: Pancake? Interviewer: Okay do you always make them out of wheat flour? Auxiliary: Yes. 364: Wheat flour. Interviewer: #1 Yes sir. okay # 364: #2 yes # 364: But now your daughter {X} had to. We old folks used to make corn bread batter cakes. Just a little flour in to make them stick together good. Sure is it alright. Interviewer: I bet they're good with syrup and butter. 364: Huh? Interviewer: #1 I bet they are good with syrup and butter # 364: #2 They are good. # Yes ma'am. Auxiliary: They are. Interviewer: Uh let's see you flour in what kind of quantity? 364: We buy it in uh Auxiliary: Twenty-five pounds. 364: Fifty-pound sacks. Interviewer: Alright. I don't buy that much I buy five pounds. 364: Well. Interviewer: {NW} 364: I its uh we we cut down on it fifty-pound sacks we usually used to buy fifty-pound be we cut down on it Interviewer: Uh what do you use to make the bread thats not baking powder or soda that makes it rise? Not baking powder or soda what else would you use? Comes in a little pack and it's dry and powdery. 364: Would it be uh. I don't know unless it'd be yeast. Interviewer: Alright that's what it is. Uh what the inside of an egg called? 364: Yolk. Interviewer: Uh and what color is the yolk? 364: It's uh Auxiliary: Yellow. 364: y- y- uh yellow. Interviewer: Alright what do you call the other part of the egg? 364: White. Interviewer: Alright if you cook eggs in hot water what do you call them? Auxiliary: Boiled. 364: I just call them boiled Interviewer: Alright 364: boiled eggs. Interviewer: And that's cooking them in the shell in hot water if you take them out of the shell and drop them in hot water what are they? 364: Oh I don't know. Auxiliary: Poached. 364: What'd she Interviewer: Poached poached egg. 364: I don't know nothing about Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You don't do the cooking 364: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 do you? # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 # 364: You done got to the woman's part {X} Interviewer: What do you call the salt or sugar cured meat that you boil with greens? 364: Bacon. Interviewer: Uh what if it has no lean to it what do you call it? 364: uh we we use fat back. Interviewer: #1 Alright # 364: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Is that the same thing as salt pork? 364: Yeah same thing. Interviewer: Okay but if it had a good bit of lean and you called it bacon? Is that the difference between bacon and fat back? 364: Yes. Interviewer: The lean is okay. 364: Speaking of uh of salt pork I never heard that until I went north. Interviewer: Is that right? 364: I never did hear. Interviewer: #1 We don't call # 364: #2 And # they didn't know what I meant when I asked for for some uh streaked #1 meat. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 364: Uh they didn't know what the {X} and when I described it to the them oh you want some salt pork. Interviewer: And that's what we call streaked lean? 364: Yeah. #1 streaked lean {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: {NW} Interviewer: When you're uh butchering a hog and you cut the side of a hog wh- what did you call it? 364: Middling. Interviewer: Okay the kind of meat that you buy sliced thin to eat with eggs. 364: That's uh bacon. Interviewer: And what's the outside of the bacon called? The hard piece. 364: The uh it's we call it skin but that's uh sometimes its called the rind. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the kind of meat that you grind up uh from 364: Sausage. Interviewer: Alright and who kills and sells the meet? 364: Butcher. Interviewer: Alright if the meats been kept too long what do you say the meat has done? 364: Spoiled. Interviewer: After you butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from it's head? 364: Hog head cheese {NW} that's {D: sows} Interviewer: #1 okay {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do you call the dish that you prepare by cooking and grinding up hog liver? Hog liver you grind it up and cook it. Do you know what you call that when you cook it? 364: Hog liver? Interviewer: Mm-hmm I've never heard of it but 364: um no I Interviewer: They call it liver pudding do you ever heard of liver pudding? 364: Yeah now that's that's a term that that the only place I've ever heard it was in the north. Interviewer: And you don't think 364: Lady got a room with us she and she described it and said she's gonna make us liver pudding. Interviewer: I see. 364: No blood pudding. Interviewer: Well now that's mm-hmm did you ever make anything out of hog blood and that's called blood pudding. 364: Blood pudding now that's what she {NW} Interviewer: You don't think that's a southern term then? 364: I don't think it is. Interviewer: Mm-kay. uh if you ever took the juice of the head cheese or the liver sausage and stir it up with corn meal and cook it and then after it gets cold you slice that up and fry it, do you know what you call that? It's a kind of meat you make well I guess sort of like we call {D: souse} but then when you cut it up and you fry it do you know what you call that? 364: No I wouldn't. Interviewer: Do you know the term scrapple? #1 scrapple I don't either I don't # 364: #2 No. # No. Interviewer: That must not be southern either. 364: No. Interviewer: Uh if you kept you butter too long and it didn't taste good, what would you call the taste? 364: Rank. Interviewer: Okay. A thick sour milk that you keep on hand what's that called? 364: Sour milk. Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: We just call it clabber. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of cheese do you make from it? 364: Mm I don't know about Interviewer: Is that what isn't that what cottage cheese is is just 364: #1 I just wouldn't know is # Interviewer: #2 is just clabbered milk? # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # You know you buy it now at the in the dairy counter at the grocery and it's just little white curds Auxiliary: {X} 364: And that's cottage cheese. Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Well I didn't Interviewer: #1 And I wondered that # 364: #2 know how it's made # Interviewer: Uh what do you do with the milk the first thing after milking? 364: Strain it. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what kind of dessert is it that your wife bakes in a deep dish made out of apples with a crust on top? 364: Uh apple pie. Interviewer: Mm-kay if it's uh baked in uh uh in layers what would you call that? a kind of apple pie not one that you just slice like a regular you know like a regular pie but a one in a big dish maybe. 364: I'd call now you mean the half moon pies? Interviewer: No I don't know that I'm tal- what I'm talking about is a cobbler I guess {NS} Cobbler pie that you make in layers? He doesn't know a thing about cooking. 364: No. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 364: She's showing me up here Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's cobbler see she knows. 364: Cobbler but uh now the kind you bake flat Interviewer: #1 talking about fried pie # 364: #2 {NS} # #1 fried # Interviewer: #2 is that # That's what you start called a half moon pie a fry- yeah that's a fried 364: Yeah a half moon. that's #1 half # Auxiliary: #2 I love those # 364: that {NW} Interviewer: You know what he said about me I told him I loved to cook a while ago and he said he could tell by looking at me that I loved to eat. {NW} Auxiliary: That wasn't exactly a complement. Interviewer: {X} {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: You if somebody has a good appetite you say he sure likes to put away his 364: If he has a good appetite Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: and uh Interviewer: You'd say he sure likes to put away his 364: Food. Interviewer: Food alright do you- you you call food vittles 364: Vittles? Interviewer: #1 you ever heard # 364: #2 {X} # Yeah that's a thats an old term vittles. Interviewer: Okay what do you call the sweet liquid that you pour over pudding? 364: Sauce. Interviewer: Okay uh if you take a food between regular meals, what do you call it eating between regular meals? 364: Well we usually call it uh uh {NS} A mid day m d day snack. Interviewer: #1 okay # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} Uh you say uh I eat breakfast at seven oh clock yesterday at that time I had already. 364: Eaten. Interviewer: And last week I 364: Ate. Interviewer: okay uh you say what do people drink for breakfast? Most people drink for breakfast 364: Coffee. Interviewer: And how do you make coffee? 364: put- uh they're percolated now but I'm all but all but me I still boil mine. Interviewer: Alright how do you boil coffee? 364: uh Put the {X} some water and let it uh be- just begin to boil and put the add the coffee to it. Interviewer: Just pour the grounds right in the 364: #1 right in the right in the pot with it # Interviewer: #2 in the water # Then what happens when you want to drink it? 364: Oh just uh {NW} Interviewer: Don't you 364: Just wait until it brews right good when it gets ready then you've got some good coffee. Interviewer: You don't have a mouthful of grounds? You don't get a mouth full of coffee grounds? 364: {X} {C: Audio is sped up and distorted until 58:35} {X} My mother used to {X} {c: Distorted} dipper Interviewer: Alright you say the glass fell off the sink and 364: Broke. Interviewer: You might say I didn't break it but someone has 364: Someone has broken. Interviewer: Alright uh now this asks about a glass and other like other shapes of glasses a tumbler and a goblet now do you know can you do you know those terms? 364: A a tumbler has a has a st- leg to it. Interviewer: Alright a handle? 364: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. 364: No no not a handle. Interviewer: Oh a stand. #1 sorry # 364: #2 yeah # Interviewer: Yeah I see. 364: that's that's a that's Interviewer: #1 thats a tumbler # 364: #2 a tumbler # Interviewer: How about a goblet then? 364: goblet has a h- handle to it Interviewer: Alright {NS} If I ask you how much did you drink you'd say oh I 364: uh Interviewer: Drank a lot? {NS} Or you might ask me how much have you 364: Drank. Interviewer: Alright. We sure drank a lot of w- okay Uh when dinner's on the table and the family's standing around waiting to begin, what do you say to them? 364: They're standing around waiting Interviewer: To begin to eat what do you say to the family? {NS} 364: Mm I don't believe I can get to {D: tell you what} Interviewer: You just say sit down? Perhaps do you just say sit down at the table? or What do you ask people to come to the table to eat? If theres not family maybe to friends or strangers. 364: uh I s- I just tell them to be seated. Interviewer: Okay that's what I want to know. Uh somebody comes in the dining room and you ask him won't you 364: Sit down. Interviewer: Alright so then he sits and begins to eat no one else is standing they had all 364: We have all eat Interviewer: Alright we've all sat down okay if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed what do you say to them? If you're eating and you don't want everybody to have to ask for the potatoes you just say what to them? 364: Pass me the potatoes. Interviewer: Alright but you'll sometimes you'll say don't wait for it don't wait for anything just help yourself. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Help yourself. Interviewer: uh if you decide not to eat something you just say I don't 364: Like it. Interviewer: okay {NW} If the food has been cooked and served a second time what do you say it's been done? If you're eating today's if you're eating yesterday's food today what do you call it? 364: Leftovers. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} {NW} 364: Yeah eating leftovers. {NS} Interviewer: You put food in your mouth and then you begin to 364: Chew. Interviewer: Alright a dish made uh we already talked about mush though a dish made out of boiled corn and of corn meal and water that's mush isn't it? 364: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh what do you call peas beets and things like that that you grow in a garden? 364: Vegetables. Interviewer: Okay. uh And the small plot that you might grow vegetables, what do you call that? 364: Garden. Interviewer: Alright whats the southern food that's often served with sausage and eggs its made out of ground corn and boiled 364: Made of grou- grain? Interviewer: Yes sir, and boiled. You m- you eat it with bacon and eggs maybe. or sausage and eggs is that grits? Hominy is that hominy grits? 364: Must be hominy grits. Interviewer: Okay what and and then hominy is uh made from the whole grain 364: The whole grain. Interviewer: And you just remove the what the 364: Husk. Interviewer: the husk. {NS} {NW} What's the starch made from the inside of a grain that's raised either in Louisiana Arkansas or Texas? The chinese eat it. 364: Rice. Interviewer: {NW} What are some names for non tax paid alcoholic beverages? 364: Bootleg. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} If it's not made of very high quality and made under unsanitary conditions 364: uh Interviewer: Some other names for it. {NS} 364: Wild cat. Interviewer: Okay. Is that uh moonshine 364: Yeah. Interviewer: and rye catch you call thats the same 364: same thing. {NS} Interviewer: When somethings cooking and it makes a good impression on your nostrils you'd say to someone just 364: Made a good impression. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 364: uh {NW} Interviewer: If you liked it the way it 364: oh I'd see if if if I liked it I'd say it smells good. Interviewer: {NW} uh You crush cane and boil the juice and make what? 364: Molasses. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What do you call sweet sticky liquid that you put on flapjacks? 364: That's syrup. Interviewer: Alright what's the difference between syrup and molasses? 364: Syrup is thinner than molasses. Interviewer: Okay. You say this isn't imitation maple syrup it's a name for real 364: uh An imitation for maple syrup? Interviewer: You say this is not imitation maple syrup it's 364: This is real. Interviewer: Alright what's another word for real how about on leather or cow hide it's sometimes stamped on it and it'll say it's not imitation it's 364: Real. Interviewer: Alright do you know the term genuine? 364: #1 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 Alright # 364: Genuine, genuine {NS} yeah genuine leather. Interviewer: okay {NW} uh when sugar isn't packaged in uh in uh a sack but way down in the barrel you say it's sold in what? 364: I didn't get the Interviewer: Alright when they don't package sugar you know and it's just in a barrel maybe and you go in and buy some or used to you'd say it's sold in what? I buy some 364: Bulk. Interviewer: #1 yeah okay that's # 364: #2 sold in the # bulk Interviewer: okay {NS} What is the the sweet spread called that you make by boiling sugar and the juice of fruits? 364: Syrup uh uh jelly. Interviewer: Okay. What do you have on the table to season food with? 364: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: okay uh if your some if there's are some apples and a child wants one he says 364: {X} give me an apple. Interviewer: Okay. If you say it wasn't these boys it must've been one of 364: uh wasn't these boys Interviewer: not these it must've been 364: Those boys. Interviewer: If you're pointing to a tree way off you might say it's {NS} It's that tree way what would you say? 364: mm {NS} oh Interviewer: Or you say he doesn't live here it's a it's a he lives way 364: Way off. #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 Alright # #1 how about # 364: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yonder? 364: Yeah way off yonder. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} You say don't do it that way you do it 364: This way. Interviewer: Alright uh when somebody speaks to you and you don't hear what he says what do you say to make him repeat it? 364: I say I beg your pardon. {NS} and that means I didn't understand Interviewer: okay {NW} If a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about but life's hard on a man who's 364: Yeah that means that I didn't understand. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} {NS} If a man has plenty of money, he doesn't have anything to worry about but life's hard on a man who's? {NS} 364: {NW} Interviewer: If you don't have plenty of money what are you? 364: Poor. #1 Poor. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: I I got that one. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} If you have a lot of peach trees you have a what? 364: A orchard. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you're if you're poor but next door the fa- the little boy has money, what do you say about him? 364: I'd say oh he's wealthy dude. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh inside a cherry what's the part that you don't eat called? 364: The pit. Interviewer: Uh how about inside a peach? 364: Its also a we'd call it the peach seed. Interviewer: Alright. What kind of peach is it that you have to cut the seed out of? That you have to cut it out of that it doesn't just pull apart. 364: Oh. We call that plum peach. Interviewer: Alright and then the kind that pulls apart is called? 364: Freestone. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 364: Core. Interviewer: Uh when you cut up apples or peaches and dry them what are you making? 364: Why would you we'd call 'em we just called 'em dried apples #1 or dried # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 364: peaches. Interviewer: Did you ever her- hear the term snit? S-N-I-T-S? For dried fruit? 364: No. Interviewer: I didn't #1 either. # 364: #2 I think. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Oh. #1 We # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 364: we don't use that #1 frequently around here. # Interviewer: #2 Common? # We we do either. Uh the kind of nut that you pull up out of the ground and roast? 364: That's peanuts. Interviewer: What other names for 'em do you know? 364: Goobers. Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} 364: {NW} Interviewer: What other kind of nuts do you have that grow locally? 364: What other kind? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: We have uh pecans. And uh Scaly bark. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Walnuts. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: I reckon that's all about all I think edible nuts we have. Interviewer: Okay what do you call the hard covering of a walnut? The hard covering of a walnut? That you break away and it leaves stain on your hands #1 sometimes. # 364: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Uh. {NS} {NW} We usually call 'em the hull. Interviewer: Okay. Is that different from the shell now? #1 The hull's the # 364: #2 Wh- # Interviewer: #1 out # 364: #2 The # hull is different from the shell. Now the hull is a is a the hull the hull more of that is covered with the hull the shell. But uh. All of them got away from it. 364: The hull is a i-it covers the whole thing. Interviewer: That's the outside part? 364: Outside. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Now what what Interviewer: #1 The shell? # 364: #2 wo- # Shell. The shell is it actually its dried and break it. Interviewer: Okay its inside the hull? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 364: The shell's inside the hull. Interviewer: Uh do you know a kind of nut that grows down south and its long and its flat-shaped something like your eye, shaped kinda like your eye. It has a thin shell and it has little porous holes in the shell on it. 364: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: We don't grow 'em right here but way #1 down south # 364: #2 Yeah? # Interviewer: I think they do. Do you know of an almond? 364: Almond? That's what I was trying to think of the name of it. Interviewer: You think that's #1 what they're describing I? # 364: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: Its not a pecan is it? 364: No its #1 not a pecan its flat probably not # Interviewer: #2 {D: Because of the porous shells but not} # 364: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 probably not # 364: flat. and uh its been a long time I yeah I've seen them every usually Christmas time. Almonds. And there's another nut that grows we we have I can't remember what it is. We we used to call peach seed almonds they {D: s-seed innards} uh so they got a taste of a peach seed. Have you ever eaten a #1 peach? # Interviewer: #2 No sir. # Uh-uh. 364: You've never tasted peach seed? Interviewer: Uh-uh. {NW} 364: We used to call 'em peach seed almonds. {NS} Interviewer: {D: I don't know if that can work.} Okay a kind of fruit about as big as an apple but with a thick skin like a lemon? 364: Like a grow like an apple? Interviewer: #1 Its # 364: #2 Orange? # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 But # Interviewer: And you'd if you one day you go out to get one and there aren't any left you'd say the oranges are? 364: Gone. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a little red vegetable that grows under the ground and its peppery tasting hot tasting? 364: Grows under the ground? Interviewer: The I think the ve- the part that you eat grows under the ground. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Its a little root vegetable and its red and you eat it raw. 364: Oh that's uh Radish. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh then uh the round the kind of red vegetables that you grow and you slice 'em up and eat 'em on lettuce? Or you make ketchup out of 'em? 364: Oh that's tomatoes. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh along with your meat you might have a baked what? 364: Potato. Interviewer: Alright. Uh now what kind are you talking about when you talk about a potato, do you mean the the a white potato like you eat or what kinds of potatoes are you talking about? 364: I'm talking about a sweet potato. Interviewer: Oh well that's the kind you like. 364: Mm-hmm. #1 Sweet potato. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What do we call commonly call just white baking potatoes or? 364: Irish potato. Interviewer: Alright. Uh do you know the uh the word yam is that the same thing as a sweet potato? #1 A yam. # 364: #2 A what? # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Yam? Yes they're same. But we don't call 'em that around Interviewer: #1 here # 364: #2 No. # No we don't call 'em yams. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh a vegetable that smells strong it makes tears come to your eyes when you peel it? 364: Onion. Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} Uh a vegetable that's uh about that long if you cut it right and its uh green and its a pod? 364: I think that's must be a cucumber. Interviewer: Alright but its in a pod. It has seeds in it not a cucumber you you can cut it up and fry it or you can boil it and eat it whole and its slimy when you boil it. 364: Its a vegetable? Mm. Interviewer: I love it fried, but I don't like it boiled cause its slimy. 364: Oh that's okra. Interviewer: {NW} 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: Okra. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # if you leave an apple or a plum around it'll dry up and then what does it do? 364: Shrivel. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the kind of cabbages that come in large leafy heads if you have some very large ones you might say those? 364: Collards. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh when you wanna get beans out of the pod by hand what would you have to do with 'em? 364: Shell 'em. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {NS} they're kind of large flat beans that you don't eat in the pod you shell 'em? 364: {NW} Interviewer: They 364: That's a butter bean. Interviewer: Alright. Any other names for a butter bean? 364: {NW} Lima bean. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Does it make a difference what size and what color they are? 364: Uh we we have different sizes. Baby limas or or well I just call 'em big butter beans. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: How about the kind of beans that you eat pod and all and you break 'em up to eat 'em? 364: That's string beans. {NS} Interviewer: Are they the same? 364: Snap beans. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} Uh let me see what do you call when you buy lettuce what do you call what you buy it in? 364: Lettuce? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You buy a a what you don't buy it by the leaf what do you buy it by? 364: The head. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you have two boys and three girls you have five children but do you ever speak of 'em jokingly as so many head of children? 364: {NW} I don't. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You'd talk about head when you talk about? 364: Cattle or Interviewer: Cattle okay. {NW} If you if somebody had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a something of children? 364: {NW} I I don't know seven and seven that'd be fourteen wouldn't it? Interviewer: When you're talking about him you'd say man he's got a? 364: Uh. I don't know what I I've got so many terms I don't which what term I'd use. {NW} Interviewer: Do you know of the term passel? 364: #1 Got a # Interviewer: #2 Got a # passel of kids? 364: Passel I'll rarely Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 rarely # use it. Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} 364: I don't I don't I don't know what if I've ever used it. Interviewer: But it means a lot, doesn't it? 364: #1 Lot, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: Passel #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 What # 364: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # the outside of an ear of corn called? 364: Shuck. Interviewer: Alright. What's the kind of corn you eat on the cob called? 364: Uh roasting it. Interviewer: Alright. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Do you know the uh term mutton corn? 364: Mutton? Interviewer: No. Mutton corn. They say its uh uh about the same as roasting ears but I. 364: Mutton corn? Interviewer: #1 Yes. # 364: #2 Well # I don't think I've ever heard of mutton corn. Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} What do you call the top of the corn stalk? 364: Tassel. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the stringy stuff that comes out with the shucks? 364: That's the silks. Interviewer: Alright. A large round orange fruit that grows in the ground that you make pie out of at Thanksgiving? 364: That's old pumpkin. Interviewer: Mm-kay. A kind of small yellow crooked-necked vegetable? Small and its yellow and its kind of grows kind of crooked neck? 364: {NW} Interviewer: Talk about a squash for the last thing wasn't it? 364: #1 I think so. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # What kinds of melons do you raise? Around here? 364: Watermelon. Interviewer: And the kind that's yellow has yellow meat? 364: Cantaloupes. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know a-another name for cantaloupe? 364: Mushmelon. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what are these little things that spring up in the woods sometimes after its damp and they're round uh shaped, look like a little umbrella? 364: {NW} That's uh mushroom. Interviewer: Mm-kay but do you know a name that children call 'em? 364: Frog stools. Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: If a man has a sore throat and the inside of his throat's all red and swollen you'd say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't? 364: Swallow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh you're smoking a pipe what else do people smoke? 364: Cigarettes and cigars. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} You say if somebody offers to do you a favor and you say I appreciate it but I don't wanna be? Somebody offers to do a favor for you and you say well now I appreciate it but I just don't want to be? 364: {NW} I would say bothered uh. Interviewer: Alright how about obligated? Don't wanna be obligated to you do you use that? 364: That'll that'll be a good word #1 to use. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: Obligated. Interviewer: Do you hear anybody for for obligated saying beholding? Don't wanna be beholding? 364: Yeah I've used that I've used that expression. Interviewer: Mm-kay do you think we'd use that now or is that an old word? Like? 364: Well that's an old word. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} Somebody asks you about doing a certain job and you say sure I? If they'll say do you know how to do or can you do a certain thing and you'd say sure I? 364: Sure I sure I can. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Or I will. Interviewer: Alright and if you if you not able to do something you'd say I'd like to but I? 364: I just don't have time. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 Or. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: Uh if you either can or you? 364: Can't. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you're talking about the fact that so few of your old friends are still alive you might say I've spent all week looking for my high school classmates and it seems they're? 364: Difficult. Interviewer: Uh how about if they've already died? What would how would you say it? A lot of your old friends have already died how would you say that? 364: Oh I would say that uh I'd just use it flatly he's dead. Interviewer: Alright. Uh would you you wouldn't say he's passed on? #1 Or that okay. # 364: #2 No, no. # I don't, I'd just say dead, #1 I'd # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 364: that uh passed is a Interviewer: That's a #1 nice # 364: #2 phrase I don't # I {NW} don't I just don't don't I don't use. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Instead of. {NW} Interviewer: But you know I think funeral directors or something thinks that makes us feel better 364: #1 that yeah. # Interviewer: #2 and they # 364: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 364: You soften it down. Interviewer: Right. 364: Soften words down. Uh like I used to my mother used to make me bathe, take a bath you know? And uh she didn't use the term take a bath you go and wash. Auxiliary: {NW} 364: Wash yourself. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Clean you know? Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} But now that they use different oh soften it you know? Interviewer: That's right. 364: Make it easy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 364: #1 Like uh # Interviewer: #2 Like # 364: old-fashioned consumption. People used to when well my father he died he died of consumption. But since then and now its TB. {C:Tuberculosis} Interviewer: Oh. 364: Soften it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 364: Don't want that word consumption. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Alright instead of saying uh that woman sure is fat you'd say well she's put on a little hasn't she? #1 Or she's # Auxiliary: #2 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 Yeah yeah. # Interviewer: She's {D: favorably} #1 plump or # 364: #2 Oh # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 And and uh # it don't don't use the word she's fat. Interviewer: No. 364: No she's uh what's the what did you just call it? Stout. Interviewer: {NW} 364: She's stout. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Do you say if the boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he got that whipping because he did something he? 364: Shouldn't have done. Interviewer: Alright. Uh do you use the the form or the the word ought not have done? Or oughtn't have done? For shouldn't have. 364: Shouldn't have done. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 I # Interviewer: You don't use ought? Ought not have? Instead of shouldn't? 364: No I I I don't remember if #1 I don't think I use that. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Um. When you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your friend will stand around without helping you, you might turn to him and say will you? 364: Well it it sort of depends on whether I was scared of him #1 or not. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: {NW} Well if I'm not scared of him I'll tell him what I think about it. Interviewer: You'd say well you might've helped me? 364: Yeah. You should've helped. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what kind of bird is it that you that can see in the dark? 364: {D: Staying awake.} Interviewer: A bird that can see in the dark? 364: Bat. Interviewer: A bat. #1 Not uh # 364: #2 Bat. # Interviewer: well another kind around here that can see in the dark. A big old bird that hoots? 364: Oh an owl? Interviewer: Alright do you call uh is there a difference in a screech owl and an owl? 364: Yes. Interviewer: Are they different sizes or #1 forms? # 364: #2 Different size # size and different species I I th- I reckon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 364: Must be. A screech owl is a little {D: bigger owl}. He's small. Interviewer: And he doesn't hoot he sort of screams? 364: Yeah. But uh uh the old big hooting owls we'd call they they great great big things. Interviewer: I heard one the other night down at my new house is out out of town a a ways and uh this thing was just screaming #1 during the night and it # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: scared me it sounded like a a person #1 screaming. # 364: #2 Yeah. # Auxiliary: It's children? 364: Well there's an old Auxiliary: {NW} 364: Uh saying superstition about a screech owl. Old folks used to say a thing one come near the house and moan and do that little moaning they say that, we'd go oh we're gonna have a death. Interviewer: #1 Oh is? # 364: #2 It # that's a sign of death. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: Uh how about a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 364: Peckerwood. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Uh have you ever heard of call a people peckerwoods? Everybody heard anybody call a person a peckerwood? What old peckerwood did? Auxiliary: {NW} 364: Wood woodchuck or wood? Interviewer: Well now I've I've heard somebody maybe talk about a person and they'd call a person a peckerwood. 364: Oh yeah. Yeah. Peckerwood. Interviewer: #1 Or a child # 364: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: maybe? #1 That little peckerwood that # 364: #2 Yeah. Peckerwood. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh what's a kind of black wild animal with a powerful smell? 364: Oh polecat #1 I passed # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 364: #1 one this morning. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Alright and other names for a polecat? 364: Skunk. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh what kind of animals come and raid hen roosts? 364: Animal? Interviewer: That might raid your hen nest? Or hen roost? 364: That'd be a possum. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Uh how about a name that takes care of all kind of animals like that like well you'd call rats and mice and bedbugs and all kind of animals or insects that you don't like maybe? In one name do you know what a group name for those? 364: {NW} I'd call 'em pests. Interviewer: Pests? How about varmints? 364: Varmint? Well I've seen it that a varmint is a you you spoke about uh bedbugs? Interviewer: Alright. You wouldn't call insects varmints? 364: No. Interviewer: I see. 364: I wouldn't call but a varmint we uh I tell if a varmint is a su- such as a polecat. Raccoon and stuff like that. Uh. Fox. Interviewer: Animals. 364: Animals. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh a bushy tailed animal in the treetops what are those? 364: That's a squirrel. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Have you ever heard of a squirrel called a boomer? 364: No? Interviewer: You ever heard of a mountain boomer? 364: No I don't I don't know #1 what. # Interviewer: #2 Well # they say this says that some some squirrels some people call squirrels mountain boomers now we don't that's not a term we #1 use here is it? # 364: #2 No no. # I never heard of it #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 364: don't remember. Interviewer: What color are are most of the squirrels around here? 364: Gray. Interviewer: Is there another color? 364: Yeah there's uh. Brown. Interviewer: Do you call him different maybe by a different name? 364: Yeah he'd be a fox squirrel. Interviewer: Alright. What's the difference in them? 364: Well a fox squirrel is much larger. And he is brown. Interviewer: Okay. 364: But our little our {D: common} squirrels are gray squirrels. Interviewer: Okay. Uh its a little animal something like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees? 364: {NW} #1 That would # Interviewer: #2 Cute little animal I think. # They don't run they just scurry across the. Auxiliary: Yes. 364: Yeah we #1 call 'em # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 364: we call 'em ground #1 squirrels # Auxiliary: #2 Ground squirrels. # Interviewer: Alright is #1 that the same? # 364: #2 But uh # the name for 'em is uh. Auxiliary: Chipmunk. 364: #1 Chipmunk. # Interviewer: #2 Ah its a chipmunk. # 364: Chipmunk. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What kind of fish can you get around here? 364: Catfish. Bass. Uh perch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 364: And suckers. Oh there's so many different fish I don't can't name 'em all. {NW} Interviewer: What'd your wife just tell me that you ate for supper every night? Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: What'd your wife just tell me you like for supper with crackers? 364: Oysters. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 Oysters. Yeah. # We don't have 'em round #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 No can't # 364: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 get 'em round here and # I love 'em too. 364: Oh yeah. Auxiliary: Yeah. Interviewer: What's the uh little animal that croaks in the round the water at night? #1 Around the # Auxiliary: #2 Frog. # Interviewer: pond? 364: Would that be a frog? #1 Bullfrog. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Auxiliary: A bullfr- frog. Interviewer: Uh how about little bitty kinds of frogs? Are they different? 364: Yeah. We have a tree frog. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: And we have a toad frog. And we have we have uh bullfrogs. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh what might you put on your hook when you go fishing? 364: Bait. Interviewer: Uh if you dig it up out of the ground? 364: Mm-hmm a worm. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Inchworm. Interviewer: What kind of worm? 364: Uh red worm. Interviewer: Alright. 364: We call 'em. Interviewer: Is there a name for a a bigger livelier kind of worm? 364: Uh {NW} I don't know what they called. Interviewer: Is there an you do you know the term angleworm? 364: {NW} Is that uh no I I don't know the difference between the worms. Interviewer: Okay. 364: This now down from uh down on the river, when I was on the river they had a different worm down there I'd never s- I don't know what kind of worm that was they fish with him he was a fine fish bait. But he was a black worm. Grow about that long. And he run like a snake. Interviewer: Oh. 364: And I couldn't catch him to save my life. {NW} Interviewer: You said when you were down on the river do you mean when you did you live somewhere else #1 {X} # 364: #2 No I worked on the river. # Interviewer: I see. 364: {NW} Interviewer: What's the hard-shelled thing that pulls in its neck and its legs into its shell? 364: That'll be a terrapin. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Or Auxiliary: Turtle. 364: or a turtle either one. Interviewer: Okay. Uh its a kind of little uh thing its got claws on it and you find it in a little a small stream and when you turn over a rock sometimes it swims away backwards? 364: Crawfish. Interviewer: Alright. Uh then there are small fan-tailed sea animals and they've got a shell that's real thin and its almost transparent you know it? 364: That's uh uh {NW} #1 I can't call it a name # Interviewer: #2 Tell me # Alright I saw men fish for 'em with a net from the boat back in #1 Louisiana and # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: on the gulf? 364: What is that thing? Auxiliary: Is it 364: #1 Clams? # Auxiliary: #2 {D: shrimp?} # 364: #1 No. # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: A clam alright what do you know? 364: Uh. There's another #1 name # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah. # 364: for 'em but I #1 can't # Auxiliary: #2 Muscle shells. # 364: #1 Huh? # Auxiliary: #2 Uh. # 364: No no. Interviewer: Is it shrimp? 364: Shrimp. Interviewer: Shrimp. 364: #1 That's it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: {NW} Shrimp. Interviewer: Alright what's an insect that flies around a light and tries to fly onto it and when you grab it powder comes off on your hands? 364: Candle fly. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh other names for a candle fly? 364: {NW} {NW} I I group 'em all as candle #1 flies. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay do you # call 'em moths? #1 Is that the same thing as a moth? # 364: #2 Huh? # Moth? I I wouldn't think it would be the same thing moth is uh Auxiliary: {X} 364: They gets in your clothes #1 eat your # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: clothes up. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Moths do. But a c- Interviewer: Uh what flies around with a light on its tail at night? Kind of little insect that flies around and has a light on its tail? 364: Candle fly. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh we call those they they they flash their lights on and off in the summertime? What is that little bug that flies around in the summertime and he flashes his tail on and off? Auxiliary: Lightning bug. Interviewer: Kids like to catch 'em and put 'em in a jar? Auxiliary: {NW} 364: That's a lightning bug. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that a same the same thing as a firefly? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Same. Some people call 'em fire flies. Interviewer: Mm-kay. There's an insect that's long and it has a thin body. {NS} And and he has uh tiny wings two pairs of wings and sometimes people see 'em they say they're a sign that snakes are nearby? What do you call him? 364: Now what kind of insect is that? Interviewer: It eats mosquitoes? 364: Uh what? Interviewer: Eats it eats mosquitoes. But they haven't I see 'em flying around sometimes and people say that watch out that means there's a snake nearby. 364: Has two sets of wings? Interviewer: It has two sets of wings this says. Two pairs of shiny wings. 364: I don't know what that could be. Interviewer: Is that what we'd call a snake doctor? Auxiliary: Snake doctor. {NW} 364: Snake doctor? Interviewer: Is that I didn't know it had two pairs of wings does it? Auxiliary: I think it do. Yeah I've seen one right out there with four just the other day. 364: I I reckon that must be what it is. Interviewer: That's the same thing as a dragonfly? 364: Yeah. Yeah I think it is. #1 It must be the same thing. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: A dragonfly. Interviewer: What kind of stinging insects do we have around here? 364: {NW} Wasp. Interviewer: {NW} 364: And uh {NW} Auxiliary: Hornet. 364: Hornet. Yellow jacket. Auxiliary: Yellow. Interviewer: How about the the kind that does that we that doesn't sting and he builds a a little house out of clay? 364: We call him dirt dauber. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh things that fly around at night and bite you and sometimes they carry malaria? 364: That's {X} mosquitoes. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} And then there's a #1 type # 364: #2 I thought # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 we'd get to the mosquitoes right? # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: There's a type of insect that's red and he burrows up in your skin and itches, what's he called? Auxiliary: Chigger. {NW} 364: Yeah. Chigger #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Is that the same thing as a redbug? 364: Redbug. Interviewer: Alright. Uh they're insects some of 'em are green and some are brown and they hop along in the grass in the summertime? Some {X} 364: Grasshopper. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # Auxiliary: #2 Grasshopper. # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: Uh what do you call a small fish that you use for fish bait? 364: Small fish? Auxiliary: Minnow. 364: Yeah. Be a minnow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um the the things that gather up in the ceiling of the room and you have to get a a broom or something and knock 'em down? When you clean house? 364: That must be a dirt dauber. Interviewer: Alright but this is just a oh its a thing #1 that happens # 364: #2 Oh yeah uh # uh. Spider. Interviewer: Alright. What is that thing called that he weaves? 364: Web. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what do you call the part of a tree that grows underneath the ground? 364: Call that the root. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you know any kinds of roots that around here that are used for medicine? 364: Oh yes. Uh we have well we have sassafras it's used sassafras roots. And uh there's another root that we uh is a good medicine hackberry root. And all its all of 'em's good for something but those are two roots that I know that's good for different things. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of tree do you tap to make syrup out of? 364: Maple. Interviewer: Uh what do you call the place where there are a lot of maple trees growing? 364: Maple grove. Interviewer: Okay. Uh its a kind of tree with broad leaves and they shed all at one time its got long white limbs and a white scaly bark on it, what kind of tree is that? 364: I don't know what it is. Interviewer: They said that the has a tough wood and that they use it for making chopping blocks out of? 364: Chopping blocks? Interviewer: Make a chopping block out of that tree its real hard wood. 364: Oh a maple oh um no. #1 Beech # Auxiliary: #2 Elm? # 364: Beechwood. Interviewer: Well it didn't do you know a sycamore tree? 364: Yeah. #1 Syc- # Interviewer: #2 Is that it? # 364: I'd rather think um b-beech. Its harder than s- than uh sycamore. Interviewer: Alright. 364: But uh either one's a hard wood. Interviewer: What other ki- kind of common trees grow around in this area? 364: Pine. Uh. Auxiliary: Cedar. 364: White oak. Cedar. Red oak. Ash. And uh all of the names {D: sell them different.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. What kind of tree did George Washington cut down? 364: Well that's a cherry tree. Interviewer: {NW} 364: The one. {NW} The little cherry tree. Interviewer: Alright this is a kind of bush and it grows along the road or by fences and it's leaves turn bright red early and it has little clusters of berries and old people use it to tan leather with? Do you know that bush? Or shrub? 364: {NW} What is that? #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 It says its # some of its poison. Some kind of its #1 poison. # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: #1 Do you know if it # 364: #2 Well its its # also a medicine. Interviewer: Yeah is it sumac? 364: Yeah. Sumac. Interviewer: Oh was that, I have 364: #1 Sumac sumac. # Interviewer: #2 I # 364: Sumac. Interviewer: Sumac. #1 Okay. # 364: #2 Sumac. # That's what it is. {NW} Interviewer: Does it grow down here? 364: Huh? Interviewer: Does it grow around here? 364: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Does it? 364: Yeah sumac here. Interviewer: Uh how about uh something that you don't want to get a hold of when you're out in the woods you don't want to get it on you cause it'll make you itch and? 364: Poison oak. Or ivy. #1 Poison ivy # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # How about names of red berries that you eat with sugar and cream? 364: Goose? No it wouldn't be a gooseberry. Interviewer: Alright. What other kind of berries? 364: #1 Uh. # Auxiliary: #2 Strawberry. # 364: Yeah strawberry. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what other kind'll grow around here? Of berries? 364: Strawberry, blackberry. That's that's mostly grown around here. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh there's a kind of berry that has a rough surface kind of like a looks like a blackberry but its its a red one do you know that one? We don't grow it here. Its real sour. You know what a raspberry? 364: Yeah a raspberry. Interviewer: But they don't grow here do they? 364: No. Interviewer: And blueberries don't grow 364: Blueberries don't grow here. Interviewer: Do they have to have cold weather? 364: Huh? Interviewer: Does blue do blueberries have to have cold weather? 364: I don't know. But uh they're in the north Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 364: #2 and # yeah. There are just blueberry fields. Interviewer: And I just love 'em but you you can't grow 'em here. 364: No I don't know why. I'll have to try g-growing #1 some here. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I just wonder. Do you know honeydew melon? 364: Yeah. #1 I # Interviewer: #2 I # brought some seed back from Texas last year of honeydew melon and they grow 'em out there just like we do cantaloupe or watermelon 364: Yeah. Interviewer: but we don't grow honeydew, do we? 364: Yeah sometimes. Interviewer: Do you? 364: I have grown and uh there was a man uh who was he? I don't know He is at uh Jackson's Feed and Seed store. He brought one he'd raised a honeydew. They don't grow too large. Interviewer: Uh-uh. 364: And that was the sweetest #1 thing yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Oo they're so # good and they pop #1 'em out # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: a dollar in the grocery store for a little ol' bitty one you know? 364: I I've got one I think didn't somebody pull my melon? Mary brought me some seed from New York last spring. {C: Distorted} Interviewer: But I didn't know if you could uh grow them here or not. {C: Distorted} 364: Oh yeah yeah you can grow 'em here. {C: Distorted} Interviewer: But I have to say you ought we could because we thought it was about {C: Distorted} the same kind of climate here as it was in Texas {C: Distorted} #1 when we got there. # 364: #2 Uh-huh. # Do you pull my melon out there? Well let them uh. Interviewer: Are you the guilty one? Auxiliary: I'm just sitting {D: in this mind going who goes?} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 364: I planted them you give me the seeds and I planted them.{C: Laughter} Auxiliary: {NW} No I didn't pull it. 364: Uh I think I saw it in the kitchen then. Interviewer: I just didn't know you could grow honeydew #1 melons. # Auxiliary: #2 That wasn't honeydew. # 364: Huh? Auxiliary: That wasn't honeydew. That was just plain old cantaloupe {D: must go out of our way.} Never brought that. 364: #1 Well I # Auxiliary: #2 You. # 364: I thought thinking maybe it was honeydew. Auxiliary: {NW} 364: But. Interviewer: Not it? 364: Uh uh now. A honeydew do uh it don't have a brown rind. Interviewer: No it has a green rind. 364: Green rind. #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Real smooth rind. 364: Yeah. Sure. Interviewer: Real sweet and good and the the meat is green. Auxiliary: It 364: #1 Yeah it sure is. # Auxiliary: #2 sure is. # I raise them every year out there in the garden. and little bits. {X} 364: Uh they, they're they they're not slick rind. Auxiliary: They're green? Green rinds? 364: Now that's the #1 sweetest # Auxiliary: #2 Green. # 364: melon #1 Uh. # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah? # 364: #1 I wish I could grow a # Auxiliary: #2 {D: Its very good.} # 364: #1 patch of 'em. # Auxiliary: #2 I've got plenty of seeds now. # 364: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 364: I said last uh I said if I live uh and can get somebody's fixing me up some ground I was gonna try and raise me a patch of mush-melons. I don't care about my watermelon. Interviewer: I like about two a year. #1 Lo- # 364: #2 No. # Interviewer: Like 'em you know I. 364: I eat one little piece of melon every day down in the field. All all I've tasted this year. I used to wake up at night and eat watermelon. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Lets see I guess we've got all the berries. How about uh uh some berries that grow in the woods and are not good to eat if they could kill you you'd say they're what kind of berries? 364: Hackberries. Interviewer: Alright but uh it not just a {D: hackberry} but any kind of berry that you can't eat what would you say don't eat it it might be? 364: Poison. Interviewer: Okay. Auxiliary: Pokeberry. Interviewer: Uh do you know a a flowering bush that blooms in the late spring that grows around here? 364: Blooms in the late spring? Oh I I don't know much about flowers. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: Do you know the mountain laurel? Auxiliary: Yeah. 364: No I don't. Auxiliary: We have one sitting down now. Interviewer: Mm-kay. How about then there's a bigger one with uh longer stems and they grow further up in the mountains I don't believe they grow here. Rhododendron do you know rhododendron? 364: #1 No I don't know. # Auxiliary: #2 No I don't think I know that. # Interviewer: And now this one grows here its a large flowering tree and it has shiny leaves and a big white flower, and inside the flower there's a big ol' seed pod that's prickly. Do you know what that one is? Smells real good. Smells lemony kinda. 364: {NW} No I Interviewer: You know the magnolia? 364: #1 No # Auxiliary: #2 Magnolia. # 364: I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 364: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 You don't # 364: #2 You # Interviewer: know any more about flowers than you do cooking, #1 don't you? # 364: #2 Uh no # I sure don't. {NW} Auxiliary: I had all the little ones growing I tell you they. Interviewer: They're hard to raise aren't they? Auxiliary: Yeah they sure is. I've lost two three trying to raise. Interviewer: {NW} Auxiliary: {NW} 364: Magnolia? Auxiliary: Uh-huh. 364: Well I don't #1 I didn't know it # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 364: I didn't know it was a tree. Auxiliary: Yeah. #1 No its a large tree. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Like its a big tree. # 364: #2 Yeah? # I didn't know it #1 was raised. # Interviewer: #2 They're real # {D: all thing bounds} that they're real messy #1 if they're real big # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: because they'd fall off. #1 It'd be # 364: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 if I'm # Auxiliary: #2 They smell good. # Interviewer: How about uh uh names that uh your wife might call you at night instead of husband? What might? 364: Uh-oh. I ain't gonna tell that.{C: Laughter} {NW} Interviewer: #1 If she's referring. # 364: #2 I # I ain't gonna Auxiliary: {NW} 364: I sure ain't gonna tell that. Auxiliary: {D: I'll spare you.} 364: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 If she's referring # to you to somebody and she says well now I don't know if I can buy that or not I'll just have to ask my? 364: Well. Uh she might if she's talking to somebody else #1 she might've said # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # 364: husband. #1 But if she's # Interviewer: #2 But if she didn't # 364: talking to me now I ain't gonna tell what she. {NW} Interviewer: Uh does she ever call you her old man? 364: Huh? Interviewer: Her old man? 364: Uh no I don't think no she ain't no never call 'em I ain't never remember her calling me uh #1 her old man. # Interviewer: #2 But you know # some women do #1 refer to their husbands as # 364: #2 Yeah yeah. # Interviewer: #1 my old man. # 364: #2 And and # Some Its more commonly with white women. She's not saying her old man, says my man. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Oh really? 364: Oh yes, that. {NW} Interviewer: She won't say my old man she's gonna #1 not huh. # 364: #2 No she says # my man. Interviewer: I see. 364: {NW} Interviewer: How about what you call her then? #1 Instead of my wife? # 364: #2 Well # Well it uh that sort of depends. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever call her your old lady? 364: No I call her my wife. Interviewer: Your wife. Have you ever called her your missus? 364: No. Interviewer: No? 364: No. Interviewer: Now just okay the missus some of 'em some of 'em call us the missus. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Or my woman but okay. How about a woman whose husband's dead what do you call her? 364: A widow. Interviewer: If he just left her not dead what do you know a a term that you might? 364: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. The the man whose son you are is called your who? 364: The man is who is? Interviewer: You're the son of whom? What do you call your? 364: My son. Interviewer: Alright well what does your son call you? 364: They call they usually call me Daddy if they don't call me a bad name. Interviewer: Oh well I bet they don't call you a bad name. 364: Oh yes they do. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Some of 'em call call me names I ain't gonna tell. Interviewer: {NW} 364: I won't use. Auxiliary: Oh. Interviewer: And instead of Daddy what would be a a more 364: Papa. Interviewer: Alright what'd probably be a more polite form? 364: Father. Interviewer: Alright. Um and what did you call your father? What term did you call your father? 364: If I had uh if had uh known my father uh I'd call him Papa. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and his his wife would be called your? 364: Grandmother. Interviewer: Alright uh what did you what did you call your mother? What name? 364: I called her Mama. Interviewer: Alright. And your father and mother together are called your? 364: Parents. Interviewer: Okay. Uh instead of uh speaking of your children as your children do you sometimes call them other names? 364: Kids. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Uh that's my co-common #1 thing. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. {C: laughing} # 364: #1 My kids. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # A a a name that a child's known by just in the family what would that be? Maybe a child's name is William but then the family calls him something #1 else? # 364: #2 A nickname. # Interviewer: Okay. What is something on wheels that you put a baby in and it lies down in it? 364: Baby buggy. Interviewer: Alright. Um you might say um if you put the baby in the car- baby buggy and were gonna go out and uh take him outside in the fresh air what would you say you're gonna do to the baby? 364: {NW} I don't know I never did have much to do. #1 {D: Yeah I had no business.} # Interviewer: #2 You never did much babysitting did you? # Auxiliary: #1 Oh no no no. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # I ne- I never did a baby rock. #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 He just loves babies. # Interviewer: Uh 364: Ride the baby. Interviewer: Ride the baby okay that's fine. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Um. How would you say your children range in age you'd say well so-and-so is the which one would be the in chronological age how would you describe #1 your children? # 364: #2 Uh. # This is oldest. #1 Youngest. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: And uh this is next to this so-and-so. Interviewer: Okay good. How about uh You would you say the most grown-up? You'd just say the oldest. 364: Oldest. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Your children are your sons and? 364: Daughters. Interviewer: And all of your children are boys and? 364: Girls. Interviewer: Alright. If a woman is about to have a baby you say she's? 364: Pregnant. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other terms? 364: Oh yeah. Mm-hmm. Lots of terms. Interviewer: Uh any of the terms that you'd say that women use just to each other like? {NS} 364: Uh. {NS} Well its I guess so I don't know 'em. Interviewer: You don't know any #1 okay. # 364: #2 Uh-uh. # Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Any uh 364: {NW} Interviewer: If the woman doesn't have a husband and she's about to have a baby would you talk of it a different way? 364: We we call 'em bastards. Interviewer: Alright. 364: {NW} Interviewer: And you told me a while ago your grand uh your mother was a? You said she was a housewife but she was also a? #1 What'd you say? # 364: #2 Midwife. # Interviewer: Okay. And a midwife is somebody who delivers a baby if you don't have a doctor. 364: That's right. Interviewer: There are not many of those left anymore #1 are there? # 364: #2 No no. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: Kay. 364: I don't know of any. Interviewer: If a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father and the same shaped nose you might say he? 364: Resembles him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh you love to take Aunt Jane's advice about your children she's already so-and-so ten of them what would you say? 364: I didn't get the first part. Interviewer: Okay well you ought to take her advice about children cause she's already? 364: Experienced it. #1 uh. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 364: {NW} Interviewer: She's already raised or? 364: Yeah. Raised them. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh to a child who is mis- misbehaved you'd say if you do that again I'll give you a good? 364: Spanking. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: You A lot of times when you go to a family reunion or something you see a child you hadn't seen in a long time you're gonna say my how you've? 364: Have grown. Interviewer: Okay. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Um. What is your brother's son called? 364: Nephew. Interviewer: A child that's lost both it's father and mother is called? 364: Miss? Interviewer: A child who's lost both his father and mother. 364: Orphan. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Orphan child. Interviewer: Uh what is the person who's appointed to look after an orphan? 364: Guardian. Interviewer: Uh if you have a lot of cousins, nephews, and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my? 364: Kinfolk. Interviewer: Okay. Someone who comes into town and new and no one's ever seen him before he's what? 364: Hadn't seen before? Interviewer: Yes sir nobody. 364: A stranger. Interviewer: Right. Mm-kay. Uh a common name for a girl beginning with M? The name of the mother of Jesus? 364: Mary. Interviewer: Kay. And a common name that I hope George Washington's wife? #1 You remember? # 364: #2 First lady? # Interviewer: Yes sir. You remember her first name? 364: Martha. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a nickname for Helen but it begins with N? And its there's a song wait till the sun shines? 364: And its the same name as Helen? Interviewer: Yes sir its a nickname for Helen but it begins with an N. 364: Nanny? No. It wouldn't be that. Interviewer: Do you know the the old song wait till the sun shines? Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: And then it has that name with it? 364: No I. Interviewer: Do you know the name Nelly? Nelly. 364: No I don't. Interviewer: N-E-L-L-Y they say is a nickname for Helen. Auxiliary: {NW} 364: Nelly? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: #1 No I didn't know that. # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # And the nickname for a little boy named William? 364: Bill. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if and when he's older you call him Bill what do you call him when he's younger? Do you make any distinction between Billy and Bills? 364: I wouldn't. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh the first book of the New Testament in the Bible? 364: That'd be Genesis. Interviewer: In the New Testament. 364: Oh in Gene- it'd be uh Matthew. Interviewer: Okay. A woman who conducts school is a what? 364: She's a teacher. Interviewer: Okay. You ever call her a schoolmarm? 364: Yeah. #1 Schoolmarm. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 364: Now that's uh uh that's a northern term. Interviewer: Is it? 364: We use that in the north. Schoolmarm. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um do you know the the name of the town where the baseball hall of fame is? In Ohio? Do you know the name Cooperstown? 364: {NW} I heard of it but I didn't I didn't uh don't remember this uh hall of fame. Interviewer: Mm-hmm where the baseball hall of fame that's where Babe Ruth's 364: Yeah? Interviewer: belongings and #1 things are. # 364: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay. Are are uh it says its the name of a barrel maker do you know what's a coop? The Cooper Barrel Makers does that name? #1 Do you mean anything to that? # 364: #2 No. No. # Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 364: #2 {NW} # I don't know that. Interviewer: Alright anyway if you knew somebody whose family name was Cooper how would you address a woman by that name? 364: I'd be you'd say Miss Cooper or Mister Cooper uh Missus Cooper. #1 Or m- # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 364: Miss Cooper. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh a preacher that's not really trained and he doesn't have a regular pulpit but he preaches on Sunday here and there and makes his living doing something else what kind of preacher do you call him? Auxiliary: {NW} 364: Mostly jackleg. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Jackleg priest. Interviewer: Would you would you refer to uh would you use the term jack-leg in talking about a lawyer or a doctor as well as a preacher? 364: Sure. Interviewer: So it just means untrained? 364: Untrained. Interviewer: Okay. 364: And. {NW} Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what relation would your mother's sister be to you? 364: My mo- uh my aunt? Interviewer: Yeah that's right. 364: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh do the do do you know the name of the wife of Abraham in the Bible? 364: Abraham? Interviewer: Abraham's wife do you know her name? 364: Sarah. Interviewer: That's right. Do you know uh if your now if your father had a brother whose name was William, what would you call him? 364: Uncle Bill. Interviewer: Alright. How about if he was John? 364: {D: How abouts which?} Interviewer: If his name was John? 364: Uncle John. Interviewer: Okay. Uh I'm gonna get in trouble with this one. There's not the commander of the army of Northern Virginia, who was he? Who was the the commander of the southern of the Confederate Army? 364: {NW} Well. Interviewer: General Grant was the northern army, who was the southern? 364: Here comes you got some company out there. Interviewer: Yeah it looks like he #1 got. # 364: #2 Uh # let's see. Uh {NS} Andrew Jackson? #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # how about in uh in World War II George Patton if you knew George Patton what what title would you address him by? {NS} 364: Colonel? {NS} Interviewer: Higher than a colonel? {NS} 364: No I don't remember. Yeah thank you. Uh. {C: lots of background noise} Interviewer: What's the highest? What was what was Eisenhower? 364: He was a general. Interviewer: Alright #1 that's what I'm looking for. # 364: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: And you said colonel. How about one uh the man in charge of a ship? 364: He's an admiral. Interviewer: Um. Maybe higher than an admiral or lower I don't know much about these myself. 364: Mm. Interviewer: Uh captain. Is that higher or lower than an admiral? 364: Oh its uh much lower. Interviewer: Much lower #1 than an admiral? # 364: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay. 364: But a a an admiral yeah. Admiral is uh he's a he's a same as a general. Interviewer: He is? 364: Yeah. #1 Same as a # Interviewer: #2 Okay but # just anybody who was in charge of a ship would be called a captain wouldn't they? #1 Okay. # 364: #2 Yeah yeah sure. # {NW} Interviewer: How about the man who presides over the uh county court? What do you call him? 364: Judge. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call a person who goes to college to study? 364: I'd call 'em a I'd just call 'em a student. Interviewer: Okay. Do you make the distinction between a scholar and student? Does a 364: No. Interviewer: A scholar mean anything different than a student? 364: Not not in my thinking. Interviewer: Alright good. Uh a woman in an office who handles the boss's mail and schedules his appointments and so forth, what's she called? 364: The clerk. Interviewer: Alright and another word for it let's see. She's called maybe his private? 364: Clerk. Interviewer: Or. 364: Private secretary. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Private secretary. Interviewer: Mm-kay. A woman who appears in plays or movies is called a what? 364: Star. Interviewer: Alright and she's not that big of a not that well known just playing in the movie what would she be called? 364: Mm. Interviewer: Actress? 364: Well yeah actress. #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 An actress. # 364: that that'll be a term for that I guess. Interviewer: Alright. 364: But. Interviewer: And uh your nationality anyone born in the U.S.A is called an? 364: {D: Where was we born?} Interviewer: Anybody who's born in the United States is called? 364: A citizen. Interviewer: Alright but what nationality and what? If you live in America what are you? 364: Citizen. #1 {D: Yup.} # Interviewer: #2 Alright # an American citizen. Uh. 364: An American citizen. Interviewer: Alright. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Now I'm gonna get in trouble with this one too I guess. Um. I know I {D: ought} introduce it like they tell me to here. {NW} They tell me that not too many years ago these people had special facilities from schools and public toilets to seats in restaurants and buses and who were they? 364: Had which? Interviewer: Had special facilities. Special schools and public toilets and seats in restaurants and buses #1 who were they? # 364: #2 {D: That there's} # the negro. Interviewer: {NW} 364: You ain't gonna have no trouble with that. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Alright. That you are of the negro race what do you call the race that I am now? 364: Caucasian. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Let me ask you about joking words that you call white people. 364: Joking? #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That you might # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 refer to white people. # 364: You mean slang? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: That's uh like uh like you call me a nigger? Interviewer: Yes sir now what would you call 364: Peckerwood. Interviewer: Pecker. {NW} 364: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Does that mean? 364: Now that's that's just joking now. Interviewer: Well that's okay does that mean the same thing as a poor white? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: What you'd call white trash? 364: White white {NW} we got so many name. White trash {D: Rosen's} chores. Interviewer: Now what's that one? 364: {D: Rosen chores.} Interviewer: Don't know that one. 364: You don't know? You never heard? Oh that's common with with us. Interviewer: {NW} 364: We we call oh that one ain't nothing but an old {D: Rosen chore.} Interviewer: I see I didn't #1 know that. # 364: #2 Peckerwood. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Uh #1 {D: Rosen chore or} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Are we get?} # 364: poor white trash stuff like. But y'all uh the white uses that poor white #1 trash. # Interviewer: #2 We use it # too we sure do. 364: You sure do. Interviewer: How about rednecks? 364: Yeah they call 'em rednecks. Interviewer: That's a name that makes Jordan what word makes Jordan Wallace mad is when you call him a redneck. 364: {NW} Yeah oh now when it comes to that old stuff we uh we are full of it. Uh some some people resent some negroes resent the word nigger. I do myself. I resent it. But I allow that for old custom. Interviewer: Yeah well I don't think young people anymore say that they say negro or black. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 364: They don't say it now. No. Refers to my self. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Alright. 364: An an and uh they address me as boy {D: with his drive making one yellow} he'll colored me boy. Called me a boy. Interviewer: But I don't think they do that much anymore do they? 364: Not I checked on one yesterday in Hill county. She called me {D: purple.} Interviewer: Oh hello Louise. How are you? {NW} I'm so glad to see you. Auxiliary: {D: Rosen chore?} Interviewer: Uh when Louise her friend came in he was telling me what all names he used for 364: {NW} Interviewer: to call us they'd say. 364: {NW} Interviewer: How about a child born of a racially mixed marriage? 364: They're mulattoes. Interviewer: Alright with one black grandparent? Is that a mulatto? 364: Mm uh-huh. Interviewer: With one black great-grandparent? 364: That's still mulatto. Interviewer: Uh one with especially light colored skin. 364: Well it they still in in our books they're still mulatto. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh how would you as an old-timer call the man you worked for? What was the term you'd call the man you worked for? Long years ago. 364: Yeah long years ago. I'd call him my main. Most folks most of the workers call it boss. Interviewer: Mm-kay if you weren't using his last name then you'd just call him? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Boss? #1 Okay. # 364: #2 Mr. Smith and Mr. Jones # Interviewer: Okay. Um white people who aren't well-off haven't had a chance at education especially those that are good for nothing and too lazy to work what did you call them? {NW} 364: {NW} Well I'd call 'em like I would a a black person I'd just call 'em good for nothing. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} No good folks. Interviewer: Did it make the difference if they were town or country people? 364: If it no no. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 364: Make no difference who they are. #1 Or where they are. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # We talked about poor whites and you named you mentioned that term peckerwood did you ever her-hear the term cracker? 364: Yeah oh yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that mean about the same thing? 364: Same thing. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Same thing. Interviewer: Uh somebody who lives out in the country and doesn't know anything about town ways? What would you? Do you know terms for calling him? 364: They usually call him a country man. Interviewer: Alright. Do you know the term mountain boomer? 364: I don't remember that #1 term. # Interviewer: #2 I don't believe that's ours # 364: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 do you? # 364: No that's not ours. Interviewer: Hayseed? 364: Who? Interviewer: A hayseed. 364: No. Interviewer: Stump jumper? 364: No. Interviewer: Don't know anything. 364: #1 Don't know that. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: #1 Those term. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 364: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh if its not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well its not quite midnight yet but its? 364: Uh. Oh I. Interviewer: Would you? 364: I would say its near midnight. Interviewer: Alright. {X} 364: I didn't I'd I'd go and comment on some of those. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: Well what if Doc Foster come back if he needs you to comment on some of 'em? 364: {NW} Interviewer: If someone is waiting for you to get ready so that you can go out with him and he calls to you hey will you be ready soon you might answer I'll be with you in? 364: A few minutes. Interviewer: Uh you know you're on the right road but aren't sure of the distance you ask somebody how? 364: Far. Interviewer: If you're pointing at something nearby you say? 364: Yonder. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh if you want to know how many times you say how blank did you go to town? Thought about how many times? 364: Five. Uh you know what uh that's uh how many times do you go to town? Interviewer: Alright do you use uh the term how often do you #1 go to town? # 364: #2 Often mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. You agree with a friend when he says I'm not going to do that or I'm not going to vote for that person and you say I'm not either but how did you say it? 364: Uh I would give a reason just for my not voting for him. Interviewer: Alright would you say uh neither am I or nor me either or? 364: Neither am I. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Neither am I. Interviewer: Uh this part of the head's called what? 364: Fore. {NS} Interviewer: Uh you go to the barber and have him cut your? What do you go to? 364: Hair. Interviewer: Alright how about this? 364: Uh shave me. Interviewer: Alright uh what's what do you shave off? 364: My whiskers. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. {C: laughing} # A long one? 364: Beard. Interviewer: Okay. #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Where did the old-time storekeeper keep his pencil when he wasn't using it? 364: Behind his ear. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Which one? 364: Usually the right ear. Interviewer: Unless he was left-handed right? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Usually the right ear. Interviewer: If someone's mumbling you say take that chewing gum out of your? 364: Mouth. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # he got a chicken bone stuck in his? 364: Throat. Interviewer: Alright what's the outside of the throat called? 364: Uh its uh wait a minute wait {NW} and let's see. Adam's apple. Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} 364: {NW} Interviewer: The goozle ain't an Adam's apple 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And the this part uh. 364: Throat. Interviewer: Alright but that you wrap your tie around? 364: Around your neck? Interviewer: Okay. You have the dentist look at your? 364: Teeth. Interviewer: Uh the flesh around the teeth? 364: Gums. Interviewer: Uh this part of your hand? 364: {D: Palm.} Interviewer: This kind part? 364: Uh. Your {D: fingers}. Interviewer: Okay and two of 'em? 364: Two yeah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. A place where your bones come together? 364: Joint. Interviewer: Uh upper part of a man's body? 364: Your breast. Interviewer: Of a man's body? You call do you call it the same that you do a woman's body? 364: It shifts. Interviewer: Okay. And if you say he's got broad this part? 364: #1 Broad shoulders. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 364: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh you measure the height of a horse in what? 364: Hands. Interviewer: Uh the the pain ran from his heel all the way up his? 364: Leg. Interviewer: At the end of your leg is your? 364: End of a end of a leg. It's foot. Interviewer: Alright and you have two? 364: Feet. Interviewer: Okay. I stumbled over a box in the dark and bruised my what's this part called? 364: Your ankle? Interviewer: Uh the front part maybe? 364: The front? #1 Oh the shin. # Interviewer: #2 You bruise the? # Mm-kay. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: The back part of the thigh its about midway between the knee and the butt, you're squatting down on what? 364: Uh get down on your hunkers. Interviewer: Mm-kay {NS} #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Someone's been sick a while but he's up and about now but you stay he's say he still looks a bit? 364: He's still still #1 sick. # Interviewer: #2 He's # he's been sick but he's up uh and about now but you look at him and think he still looks just a little bit? 364: A little bit off or s- uh {D: sleek.} Interviewer: Alright puny? 364: Puny #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Do you use the word peaked? Looks a little peaked? 364: I don't use it #1 uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh okay. # 364: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh uh a person who can lift heavy weights? What would you say about him? 364: If {D: they what?} Interviewer: A person who could lift a heavy weight how would you describe them? 364: Stout. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a person who always has a smile on his face and never loses his temper you say he's mighty? 364: Mighty pleasant. Interviewer: Okay. 364: He's a mighty pleasant man. Interviewer: {NW} Uh somebody like a teenager who's all arms and legs and always falling over his feet you'd say he's mighty? 364: Clumsy. {NW} Interviewer: A person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you say he's just a plain old? 364: Fool. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} 364: {NW} Like me. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: Now I wouldn't say that. #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 I know that word mighty well. # Interviewer: {NW} A person who has plenty of money and hangs onto it is what? 364: Oh he's stingy. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh somebody who gets money and help from other people but doesn't give much or anything #1 in return. # 364: #2 Free-hearted # He's free-hearted. Interviewer: Uh the word tightwad you ever call anybody a tightwad? 364: Tightwad. Interviewer: He was stingy. 364: Yeah yeah Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: that's the same as Interviewer: Okay. 364: tightwad. And stingy. I've heard the expressions. #1 Uh but # Interviewer: #2 Do you # Excuse me go ahead. 364: I've heard that expression #1 lots # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 364: of times, he's a tightwad. Interviewer: {NW} When we use the word common about a person what do you mean exactly? 364: Common? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Well what my term for a common person is a person that can uh acquaint himsel- uh adjust himself to any situation. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Whether it be rich or poor he's a common person. Interviewer: Alright uh then you'd use it in a complimentary sense you mean something good by it don't you? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh if do you do you ever use it in an uncomplimentary sense? 364: Well uh yeah I I say he's stuck up. Interviewer: Alright but if you say if you use the word common about a girl a girl being common do you mean something other than something good? 364: No. #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: #1 Uh I am # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: new to saying the term. Interviewer: Alright. Uh an old p- Interviewer: A girl being common, do you mean something other than something good? 364: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 No. # Uh I don't really Same term. Interviewer: Alright. Uh an old person say about eighty they say I'm not an old person, is it? 364: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Who still who still does his farm work and doesn't get tired, you'd say I don't care how old he is he's mighty? 364: Uh. Interviewer: #1 Somebody about like # 364: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X) {C: name} 364: If he if he's Uh eighty years old still doing his farm work I I would say he {NS} its its something unusual. Interviewer: Okay. 364: I would say. Interviewer: Do you still do you use the term chipper? He's right chipper? 364: No, I. Interviewer: {X} Peppy? Or spry? 364: Well I would use spry. Interviewer: Okay. 364: He's spry old man. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the children are out later than usual you say I don't suppose there's anything wrong, but I can't help feeling just a little bit? 364: Bad. Uh. Interviewer: Alright you're a little bit worried about 'em. 364: The children did what? Interviewer: They're out a little bit later than usual. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: And you? 364: I'm worried I'm I'm worried about 'em. Interviewer: Alright how about uneasy do you ever use that word? 364: Well I have, yes. I'm uneasy about it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh I don't want to go upstairs in the dark, I'm? 364: Afraid. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Other words for afraid? 364: For what? Interviewer: Other words that mean afraid? 364: Fear. Interviewer: There's another word that means the same as afraid. As being afraid. {NS} 364: Uh. Auxiliary: {D: Hey.} 364: I would Uh. I can't think of an- Interviewer: She said fine, scared? 364: Uh. I don't know of another word {D: that'd fit in.} Interviewer: Okay. Uh you say she isn't afraid now but she? 364: Used to {D: listen.} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. 364: Okay I I know there's gotta be a {X} Interviewer: I don't understand why she's afraid, she? How about the opposite of used to be? 364: Uh. 364: She's not afraid now. But she used to not be afraid. Interviewer: Alright, used to not be. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh somebody who leaves a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked you'd say he's mighty? 364: {NW} Careless. Interviewer: Alright. 364: I'd say he's careless. Interviewer: Okay. There's nothing really wrong with that Lindsey but sometimes she acts kind of? 364: Uh. Silly. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Would you use the word queer? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {D: Whatever} {D: you say that.} {NW} Interviewer: Somebody who makes up his mind and nothing can make him change it is mighty? 364: {D: Surely.} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 Uh. # {D: Dunmore or.} Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: In arguing somebody might say she might say why don't you be so? 364: Uh. In arguing? Interviewer: If you were arguing with somebody like that you just described, you'd bet you might say don't you be so? 364: {NW} Well in the Bible uh Paul said that if you uh you can't reckon uh. Reason with a person if if he's not silent-minded. Interviewer: Okay. 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # You might say don't be so stubborn? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you have used the word bull-headed? 364: Well I I may have. Interviewer: Or hard-headed? 364: Hard-headed. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Hard-headed. Interviewer: Okay. Somebody you can't joke with about him losing his temper you say he's mighty? 364: {NW} Well now we use the term high-tempered. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if somebody loses his temper when the least little fighting goes on he's awfully? 364: Fractious. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get? 364: Mad. Interviewer: If he's a bad temper all the time he's? 364: {NW} Well. My term my my term for that is uh well to me he's crazy. Interviewer: {NW} 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # You did ya ever use the term uh let's see feisty? 364: I don't I just I I use the crazy term. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Just a fool. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 {D: That he'd be.} # {NW} Interviewer: Somebody's about to lose his temper and you tell him now just? 364: Just be quiet. Interviewer: Alright. Keep calm? 364: Keep calm. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Quiet. Interviewer: If you've been working very hard you say you are very? 364: Tired. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you'd say I'm just completely? 364: {D: Year out.} Interviewer: Okay. You ever say worn out? 364: #1 W-worn out. # Interviewer: #2 You ever, do you? # Okay. He came home early from sick or work because he? 364: {D: Sick or what?} Interviewer: He came home early from school, excuse me, or work because he? 364: Failed. Interviewer: Or got sick? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Uh you'd say he's sick no that's the wrong one he's sick now but he'll be well again uh when? 364: A few days. Interviewer: Okay. Uh we'll get there? 364: Soon. Interviewer: Somebody got overheated and chilled and his eyes and nose started running, you'd say he? 364: Chilled? Interviewer: He got overheated and then he ch- got chilled and he started his eyes and nose started running, you'd say he? 364: Fell out? Interviewer: Oh well 364: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 well how would you describe what's wrong with him? # 364: {NW} {D:Fade} Interviewer: Oh well. Auxiliary: Taken a cold. Interviewer: {NW} Taken a cold? Or has took a cold? Auxiliary: Took a cold. 364: Well he had the uh eyes and nose. Interviewer: Mm yeah. 364: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 364: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # If it affected his voice you'd say he's? 364: Hoarse. Interviewer: Alright if he did {NW} that he'd have a little? 364: Cold. Interviewer: Alright what about a little tickling in your throat? 364: Uh sore throat? Interviewer: Makes you go {NW} What do you call that? 364: #1 Uh # Auxiliary: #2 A cold. # 364: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 364: I don't know what I'd call it Interviewer: {NW} 364: I had it all the time. Interviewer: A cough? Auxiliary: Cough. 364: Cough? Interviewer: Cough. 364: Cough. Well that would be alright Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 I guess. # A cough that now I I don't like that word but uh but {NW} Interviewer: But what? 364: {X} Interviewer: Oh got it. {NW} 364: I'll a-accept it. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: You'd say I better go to bed I'm feeling a little? 364: Tired. Or worn out uh. Interviewer: Drowsy or sleepy? 364: Sleepy yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh but at six oh clock I'll? After you go to bed, you say but at six oh clock I'll? 364: {X} Interviewer: I'll wake. 364: #1 Waking. # Interviewer: #2 You're gonna be waking up. # 364: Yeah yeah I I wake at six oh clock. Interviewer: Alright. Uh your wife would say he's still sleeping I'd better go? 364: {NW} Wake him. Interviewer: Okay. If the medicine is still by your bedside you'd ask why haven't you? 364: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: Alright. Somebody who can't hear well is getting a little? 364: Deaf. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you've been working hard and you take your work shirt off and say look how I? 364: Sweating. Interviewer: A lump on your arm with a big core in it its what? 364: A wart. Interviewer: Alright. But its discharging maybe some liquid. 364: Uh on your arm? Interviewer: Yes or on any part of your body a A sore, a of kind that's discharging something has a hard lump in it what would you call that? 364: Uh that has a {NW} Auxiliary: Rise? 364: I wouldn't say it's a rise, I'd say uh maybe a {D: cancer}. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: How about a boil? Auxiliary: A boil. 364: A boil. Interviewer: A boil. That would be alright, a boil. Or a rising? 364: A rising. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 364: I'm gonna call it Auxiliary: Sure. 364: #1 stuff like that. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Okay. When a boil opens the stuff that drains out's called what? 364: What's this open? Interviewer: When you open up a boil and it drains what do you call what drains out? 364: We we uh usually call it well the old {D: chasm's} collection. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: A bee stung me in my hand. 364: {D: Swole.} Interviewer: It's still pretty badly. 364: Yeah swollen. Interviewer: Alright. Uh when you get a blister, the liquid that forms under the skin is what? 364: The liquid? Interviewer: That forms under a blister. When you get a blister do you if you #1 pick? # 364: #2 Yeah I know. # Interviewer: Open it. 364: I know it #1 I know but I # Auxiliary: #2 Why would a # 364: I didn't know I just didn't Uh stick Uh my name for peeling is w-w wore out. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Auxiliary: What? Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} And soon it dries out. Interviewer: Okay. Somebody got shot or stabbed and you'd say you got a doctor to look at the? 364: He got a what? Interviewer: He got shot or stabbed, you'd say I better get a doctor to look at that? 364: Wound. Interviewer: Uh when a wound doesn't heal clean, and there's a white granular substance that forms around the edge, sometimes it has to be cut out or burned out with aloe. What do you call that? 364: Now I don't know that uh word. Uh would it be sterilized or? Uh. Interviewer: {X} what you call the wound? That kind of wound that just won't heal. 364: #1 You'd call it terrorsome. # Interviewer: #2 And you had # Uh do you know the term proud flesh? Auxiliary: Mm-hmm. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that what I'm describing? 364: Its not fully described unless proud flesh is uh is a wound that doesn't ever heal. And uh uh it it stays raw irritated all the time. Until you you burn out and burn it out. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you get just a little cut on your finger, what do you put on it to avoid infection? 364: We usually put to avoid infection? Interviewer: Yes. 364: Well we old-timers use turpentine Auxiliary: No we don't. 364: That's what we used to use. Interviewer: Okay this is a little uh small bottle of brown liquid and it stings? 364: Yeah. That would be uh I don't know what it what you would now call that old stuff, I don't. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 364: #2 Uh. # I don't know what they use now. Auxiliary: Mercurochrome. Interviewer: Uh. 364: No, it wouldn't be mercurochrome. Auxiliary: {D: On the five liter iodine} 364: #1 Yeah, iodine I know. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 364: Uh {X} Interviewer: Mm okay. 364: {D: Certainly make it next} I don't like the new stuff. Interviewer: {NW} 364: He he just putting turpentine on it. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: This used to be given sometimes as a tonic for malaria. 364: A tonic? Interviewer: For malaria. You take this to get rid of malaria. Or treat malaria. 364: I don't know nothing but whiskey. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Do you know uh the term-uh quinine or quinine? {C: pronunciation} Auxiliary: Yeah. 364: Yeah. Auxiliary: #1 Mm-hmm. # 364: #2 Uh. # Who thought of quinine? Was it old folks, old doctors used to use for malaria? Interviewer: Does rhubarb grow around here? Auxiliary: I'm not sure. 364: I'm not sure. #1 But # Interviewer: #2 I just # 364: uh that's what the old doctors {D: parts them early} doctors used to use. Rhubarb and quinine. Interviewer: You know you can't 364: And uh and rhubarb and what chamomile, chamomile. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Now that that was all doctor has so don't care if you stump your #1 foot yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 You need that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What was the rhubarb for? 364: I don't know. I don't know. Auxiliary: And it'd kill me if I had to take the {D: dog up to} {X} 364: But that uh that's right with the old doctors not the new. Treating fever. Auxiliary: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 364: Malaria {C: pronunciation} and fever and stuff. Rhubarb and quinine. Interviewer: I love rhubarb pie, did you ever eat #1 rhubarb pie? # Auxiliary: #2 Ooh it's good food. # Interviewer: Oh it is. 364: Yeah. Auxiliary: {NW} My daughter who lives in Las Vegas she said that the two years that she made it {X} so good. Interviewer: {NW} The place where you bury people, what do you call that? 364: I'd call it a graveyard or a cemetery. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh the box that people are buried in? 364: It'd be the coffin. Interviewer: Okay. The ceremony at the cemetery? 364: {D: Equi Service.} Interviewer: Or at the church? 364: Uh. Funeral. Interviewer: Okay. Uh anything this is a term that uh when people are dressed in black when they've lost a? 364: Mourning. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Somebody asked you on an average day how are you feeling, and you'd respond? 364: Fine. Interviewer: Okay. Uh The children are out late and your wife's getting a bit excited, you say they'll be home alright just don't? Auxiliary: Worry. {NW} 364: Don't worry. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you're getting old and your joints are stiff and aching you say you've got a touch of? 364: Rheumatism or arthritis. Interviewer: Okay. 364: I know about that. Interviewer: {NW} Auxiliary: I do too. Interviewer: A disease that you hardly ever hear of now because they give shots for it but it used to kill lots of children and it choked 'em to death? 364: That's uh diphtheria. Auxiliary: Diphtheria. Interviewer: This is a disease that makes you turn yellow. 364: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Okay. You have a part a pain down here, you have to have an operation, what is it 364: #1 Oh that's # Interviewer: #2 called? # 364: appendicitis. Interviewer: Okay. 364: I had {X} {D: no appendix.} Interviewer: When you eating great food that don't agree with you, and they come back up, you say you? 364: Vomit. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh which uh a crude term for vomit, a slang term for vomit, if you? 364: Threw up. Interviewer: Okay. Auxiliary: {NW} 364: Or puke. Interviewer: {NW} Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: At at a party, its getting pretty hot and you'd say I'd better get some fresh air, I'm beginning to feel a little sick? 364: Uh. {D: Yeah I don't see that much} uh {D: if its getting busy out.} Interviewer: Alright {X} 364: {X} {D: or something} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 like that. # Interviewer: If a person vomited you'd say he was sick where? 364: If he was {D: where?} Interviewer: If a person vomited when he was sick, you'd say he was? 364: Sick to stomach. Interviewer: Okay. Uh she'd hardly got the news when she came right over? 364: {D: What'd you say?} Interviewer: She'd hardly gotten the news and she came right over. {NS} 364: I I don't get that. Interviewer: Okay someone you'd say she'd hardly got the news when she had to come run right over here to tell me? 364: Oh. Interviewer: Ah. {NW} You'd say if he doesn't come I? 364: I'm gonna to him. Interviewer: Alright if you're going to be sorry that he doesn't come. 364: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 If he doesn't come I'm going to what? # 364: If he doesn't come? {NS} Uh I'll be disappointed. Interviewer: Okay, good. Uh you'd say anytime just anytime you can come over we'll? 364: We'll you are welcome. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: We'll be glad to see 364: #1 {D: You all.} # Interviewer: #2 {D: you all.} # Alright do you use {D: glad or proud?} 364: I use glad. Interviewer: Kay. {NS} Uh this is a an older term I guess for a boy going over to see his girl, what would you say he's doing? 364: Dating her. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} How about an older term maybe for dating her? 364: Uh courting. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a girl putting on her best dress and getting all dressed up her little brother says she's a fixing up for her? 364: Boy uh uh beau. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Well that's the word we used to use, beau. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you'd say he's going over to see his? 364: Beau I don't. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh. If a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother says you've been? 364: Dating. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Uh I I wish I could. Interviewer: {NW} 364: I always thought. I always thought I wish you was married. Interviewer: {NW} 364: And this ain't what. Interviewer: {NW} Well just tell me anyway I won't be embarrassed. 364: Yeah I don't I don't know if this is the kind of place for that talk. Interviewer: {NW} 364: What I wanted talk. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 364: Lord I {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh here if I'd known you were mean when you were little. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Or you might know you were mean when you were 364: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 364: #1 Always such a good boy. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah. #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 364: Well out of most of these questions, {D: I am super.} Most all of 'em. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # They're they're not uh not too embarrassed, some of 'em may be a little. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} I was I'd wait for Mister {NW} {D: Mister Billy she would call and just} {NW} I'd tell him to cut the line off when I wanted to tell a girl. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: When a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her, you'd say she? A girl stops letting a boy come to see her, you'd say she? 364: Uh she well there's so many terms for that, I'd say she's uh she quit him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um you'd s you'd say uh about newlyweds they're just? 364: A newlywed? Interviewer: Uh-huh they've just married. 364: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 364: #2 they just married. # Interviewer: Any humorous ways or slang ways of saying just married? 364: Just married. Yeah. They are honeymooning. Interviewer: Alright. 364: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Hitched # have you ever literally used the term hitched? They got hitched? Instead of married? 364: Mm. That ain't a term I use. Interviewer: {NW} 364: But I'll accept it. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: At a wedding, a man who stands up with the groom is called what? 364: Uh. The best man. Interviewer: Okay and the girl that stands up with the bride is her? 364: Uh. I I don't know. Interviewer: Bridesmaid? 364: Bridesmaid? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 364: #2 Yeah, that'd # be alright yeah cause. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Ain't nobody stand with me. Interviewer: {NW} 364: When I had gotten in trouble. Interviewer: {NW} Aw. 364: {NW} Interviewer: I noticed you're saying all that after she left the room. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah? 364: {NW} Interviewer: After a wedding the boys in the neighborhood used to gather round the couple's home and they'd make all kinds of noise they had a word for what they called it, do you know it? 364: Yeah uh. Not celebrate. Serenading. Interviewer: Serenading 364: #1 Serenading. # Interviewer: #2 okay. # Uh do you know of the word shivaree? The term shivaree? For that celebration. 364: #1 No, I don't. # Interviewer: #2 A shivaree. # 364: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 I don't know it either, I don't # 364: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Don't believe its ours, do you? 364: But we used to serenade outside their room. Interviewer: Uh you'd say uh if you'd been in Knoxville, Tennessee would you say I've been up down or over to Knoxville? 364: Knoxville? I'd say I'd been up to Knoxville. Interviewer: Alright. How about Atlanta? 364: I'd say I'd been uh down to Atlanta. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 364: We we would usually Interviewer: {NW} {X} 364: We usually say if its north we'd say up and if its south we would say Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 down. # Interviewer: {NS} Okay you you say up and down then are directions not not that its hilly or a road. 364: {NW} I don't I wouldn't I wouldn't {D: term} it like that. I usually use it as uh um direction north, south. Interviewer: Okay. 364: You use that with or Interviewer: Over to the east or west? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 364: And up north and down south. Interviewer: Okay. 364: That's the way I use it. Interviewer: You might say there was trouble at the party, the police just came out and arrested the? 364: Whole gang. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What the young people like to go out to in the evening where they move around the floor? 364: {D: Dance}. Interviewer: Uh any names of various kinds of dances? 364: Oh yeah there's plenty of names for 'em. All kinds of names. Uh. Uh. We used to do the cakewalk. We used to do the two-step. Auxiliary: {X} 364: And we used to Auxiliary: {X} 364: do the cha-cha you know? {NW} So many different dances. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say three o'clock is the time when school? 364: Is out. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh The day after Labor Day is when school? 364: After labor day? Interviewer: Yes sir. The day after labor day is usually when school? 364: Begins. Interviewer: Okay. Uh How about a boy leaves home to go to school but didn't doesn't get there, what do you say about him? 364: Tardy. Interviewer: Alright, if he doesn't show up at all? 364: Um. Playing hooky. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh you go to school to get an? 364: Education. Interviewer: Okay. After high school you go on to? 364: College. Interviewer: After kindergarten you go into? 364: Uh uh kindergarten you go into elementary. Interviewer: Alright, which grade? 364: Elementary is oh I don't know. Interviewer: You ever did you ever call it primary? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: I did. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Primary school. Interviewer: You'd say uh the classroom has new chairs and? 364: Desks. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh a building especially for books is called a? 364: Library. Interviewer: Alright. Uh you mail a package at the? 364: {X} Interviewer: You mail a package you mail out a package at where? 364: At the post office. Interviewer: Alright. You stay overnight in a strange town at a what? 364: Hotel. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the place where you see a play or a movie? 364: Theater. Interviewer: Alright. Uh older names for a theater? 364: Uh a theater? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Uh. Let's see. Interviewer: Would you ever call it an opera house? 364: Well yeah I've heard the term I I don't know about it but I heard the term opera house. Interviewer: Where do you go to have an operation? 364: To the hospital. Interviewer: Alright and the a woman who looks after you in the hospital? 364: Is a nurse. Interviewer: Alright. Uh You catch a train where? 364: At the station. Interviewer: Alright. You might call it a railroad what? 364: Depot. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the place in the center of town around the courthouse? 364: The square. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if there's a vacant lot at a corner and you go across it instead of around it on the sidewalk you're walking how? 364: Jaywalking. Interviewer: {NW} Did you ever use the term kitty-corner or catty-corner? 364: {NW} I I don't Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 364: #2 don't remember. # Interviewer: And uh when women set a piece of furniture like this sometimes across a corner 364: Yeah? Interviewer: call it catty-corner. 364: Catty-corner. Interviewer: #1 Or kitty-corner. # 364: #2 Yeah. # Yeah well that's true too. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 Catty-corner. # Interviewer: {NS} Um Things that used to go by on rails in a city streets? 364: Streetcar. Interviewer: Okay. You tell the bus driver the next corner is where I want? 364: To get off. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh here in Franklin county Russellville is the? 364: County seat. Interviewer: Alright. If you're an FBI agent you're working for? 364: The federal federal government. Interviewer: Alright. A political candidate who wants the police to get tougher says he's for? 364: Wants police to get tougher? Interviewer: Yes sir, he might say in his speech I'm for? 364: Peace. Interviewer: Alright. How do you ever use the term law and order? 364: Yeah. Okay. {NS} That's what uh uh {D: Reverend Waters} uh said he he first he said he wasn't for law and order but when he became old he said he was. I I don't need it I don't mean to be in bad humor. Interviewer: You're not embarrassing him thinking like that. 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Really weren't gonna get into politics but he's not my candidate, he never has been mine. 364: Well I didn't think he looked any different cause I just didn't care what he said. But he said that he was he he was {NW} worth a {X} Didn't care when or what it coming down to four years he'd be governor he'd see that there wouldn't be a negro going to white school. He said now uh I don't care what kind of order is issued what kind of court authorization. You {X} for four years I am your governor. They may maybe he'd have to go to jail, but I'll go to jail myself. Interviewer: He didn't though did he? 364: Uh. You people ain't gonna stand seeing him go to jail let alone for her right now. Interviewer: {NW} 364: He said that over here in Florence. I said when uh when he was elected I said before now I'm gonna get my television in tip-top shape he said he wasn't gonna do it, {D: wasn't gonna abide by the law} I wanna see him when he placed a hand on the holy Bible. And swore he will uphold the constitution of the United States. And maintain law and order. When they told him {D: in thought} he wasn't gonna do it but I did, I sat there and watched {NW} I said now {X} I was laying in bed still. Interviewer: He didn't stay in that schoolhouse door long though, did he? 364: He said he couldn't stand any schoolhouse door in the state of Alabama single one if we have niggers going #1 to a school # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: a white school. {NW} And I I heard {X} lots of 'em. {X} {D: you have ever did} {D: Wallace} And I told him I said I I voted for Wallace But if folks ran for for governor I voted for him. Interviewer: #1 I did # 364: #2 He was the best man. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # But when he said that I slid down off his wagon. I didn't want to go no further. Interviewer: I voted for Mister {D: DeGraffenried} and then now 364: #1 Yeah I did too. # Interviewer: #2 he got killed, didn't he? # 364: I did too. I voted {D: DeGraffenried} but his first uh his first uh candidacy was for between him {NS} and John Patterson. Interviewer: Yes. 364: And I voted Interviewer: And he was the better man and 364: #1 He had the # Interviewer: #2 for what he was # 364: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Better man than Patterson. # 364: #2 Better man than Patterson. # I thought. Interviewer: Yeah. 364: But when he he said that he would never let another {D: nobody out here.} {NW} {D: Patterson lied immediately.} Interviewer: {NW} 364: {D: Well I mean when he comes back he comes after.} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 364: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Well he's # gonna run again, isn't he? 364: Oh yeah, yeah. He's gonna run for president. Interviewer: Well there's not an {X} anybody else in Alabama to run against him because {D: if Albert Roker} couldn't beat him I don't believe anybody can. 364: There ain't no there ain't no reason why why to run against George Wallace, he's Interviewer: Uh-huh. 364: the smartest man in the Alabama. Interviewer: He's gonna get elected. 364: Oh yeah, well he's the smartest man in Alabama. Interviewer: And he will now for sure, you know after getting hurt. 364: {D: I know that he uh} He is a smart politician I have to give it to him. But I think he'll win it. Interviewer: I don't. 364: When he's smart, he fools you people. Interviewer: He never fooled me Mister T 364: {NW} Interviewer: He's not my man I worked for Mister Brewer in the last campaign. 364: Yeah. Well. Interviewer: And just thought surely he was gonna carry that election. 364: Well he never carried it. {D: Never really placed} He uh if uh {NW} this uh back man hadn't come in. Uh Mister Wallace who saw that he was he was gonna really lose out. {C: distorted from 31:45 to 32:00} And he had {D: ate a post} in the state of Alabama and he was {X} He was from uh {D: Wilkins} uh put it up Interviewer: Yeah. 364: I haven't been having a Interviewer: {NW] 364: He's smart. You have to give I'll give it to him. My hat's off to Mister Wallace for being smart. Interviewer: Well I don't believe he'll ever get anywhere nationally. 364: Because? It'd be very hard. Interviewer: Ah 364: #1 But there # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 364: are there are possibility. You know what believe it or not. Now he had {D: he he gone down to fool with Alabama} his laws are more Interviewer: #1 Well # 364: #2 {D: progressive.} # Interviewer: I was surprised in some of those other primary elections 364: #1 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 he won, and I don't. # 364: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # But since then look we have a black Los Angeles mayor and just yesterday 364: Yeah. Interviewer: a black Atlanta mayor. 364: Yeah. I I know the {D: set.} Interviewer: So I don't know if Wallace is as strong as he was. I don't think he's as strong as he was even with the whites. 364: #1 Well if he asked you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 364: you've lost a lot. They really Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 there there are lots of # #1 white people # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 364: There's a lot of white people {D: this time} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {D:guessing.} # I I found that out. Interviewer: But I don't know if we'll feel sorry for him because he's hurt 364: {X} they call a sympathy vote sympathy vote. Interviewer: Mm. You'll get it out of that. 364: Oh yeah. Sympathy vote Interviewer: And I think his new wife is a beautiful woman Isn't she? Auxiliary: She sure is. 364: I don't know her but Interviewer: His new wife, I think she's a beautiful woman. Auxiliary: I do too. 364: {D: I thought she was some nobody} {C: reduced audio quality} I I I haven't seen any pictures of her. But uh {NS} Now some some uh disregard them up through 'em all because of his first wife. You can't beat Mister Wallace. Interviewer: No? 364: No. Interviewer: He married her knowing she was dying. 364: Oh yeah. Uh. {D: Lanny} said uh you see, she was in the hospital. Every Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 364: #2 once in a while # she was in the hospital. And then he said Mister Wallace would get her back before the uh this other man would take over. Interviewer: Yeah. 364: And he was the go-getter Interviewer: #1 and bring her back. # 364: #2 and bring her back to # his office. Interviewer: And she was just 364: #1 He's smart. # Interviewer: #2 trying. # 364: #1 He he said he he's gonna be. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 364: {NW} Interviewer: What did you call the war between the north and the south? 364: Civil. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh before they had an electric chair, murderers were? 364: Hanged. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh these are in now there are a few questions now that are about cities and states. Um Albany is the capital of what state? Do you know that one? 364: Alban? Interviewer: Albany. 364: #1 Oh oh its # Interviewer: #2 Albany. # 364: Albany, New York. Interviewer: Okay. And Annapolis is the capital of? 364: And Annapolis? Interviewer: Annapolis. 364: Indiana. Interviewer: Uh no you you said Indianapolis maybe I sounded like I said that. How about the state that Baltimore is in? 364: Maryland. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Richmond is the capital of? 364: Virginia. Interviewer: And Raleigh is the capital of? 364: North Carolina. Interviewer: And you told me the other day your uh father was born in what? 364: South Carolina. Interviewer: Alright. And Sherman marched across? 364: {NW} Interviewer: General Sherman marched across and burnt which state? Where Atlanta is. 364: Sherman. {D: General} Georgia. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh Tallahassee is the capital of? 364: Florida. Interviewer: And George Wallace is governor of? 364: Alabama. Interviewer: Yeah. 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Baton Rouge is the capital of? 364: {D: What word what?} Interviewer: Baton Rouge. 364: Louisiana. Interviewer: And the bluegrass state is? 364: #1 Kentucky. # Interviewer: #2 Where the # Okay. The volunteer state? 364: Volunteer? Interviewer: Volunteer state. Just north of us. 364: {NW} {NS} Ohio. Interviewer: Memphis and Nashville? 364: Tennessee. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Oh volunteer state. Yeah, I thought I knew that. {NS} Interviewer: The show-me state do you know that one? 364: Which one? Interviewer: Show-me. Where they say you're as uh stubborn as a? 364: Uh. Wait a minute, Missouri? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And Little Rock is the capital of? 364: Um. Arkansas. Interviewer: And Jackson is the capital of? 364: Tennessee. Interviewer: Okay. The Lone Star state? 364: Oh that's {NW} uh {NS} uh I was thinking about that this morning Texas. Interviewer: Alright. 364: {NW} Interviewer: And Tulsa is in what state? 364: {D: Tulsa?} Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Okay. And Boston? 364: Massachusetts Interviewer: Alright. And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called what states? 364: From Maine to Connecticut? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Uh. Wait a minute wait a minute let me see. Um. New England states. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: The biggest city in Maryland? 364: Baltimore. Interviewer: Alright. The capital of the United States? 364: Washington D-C Interviewer: Alright. Uh the biggest city in Missouri that has a blues song named after it? 364: Biggest city in? Interviewer: In Missouri. 364: Missouri? {NW} Interviewer: It's on a river I think. 364: It wouldn't be St Louis? Interviewer: That's it. 364: Yeah? St Louis? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh the oldest {X} seaport in South Carolina. 364: Seaport in South Carolina? Interviewer: Yes. 364: {NW} South Carolina. Wait a minute. {NW} {NS} {D: I I don't know the name but I can't get it} Interviewer: Mm. 364: {D: Cape Cod.} Interviewer: Charleston. 364: Charleston South Carolina. {NW} Interviewer: The big steel making town in Alabama? 364: Its in uh {NS} Pitts uh Pittsburgh. Interviewer: Alright but the one in Alabama #1 where they make steel at? # 364: #2 Oh. # Yeah. Birmingham. Interviewer: Okay. The big city in Illinois. 364: In Illinois? Chicago. Interviewer: Alright. The capital of Alabama? 364: Montgomery. Interviewer: Alright. And the uh city on the gulf coast in Alabama? 364: City on the gulf coast? Mobile? Interviewer: Uh the biggest city in east Tennessee? 364: East Tennessee? Interviewer: Yes sir. Where {X} 364: Knoxville Interviewer: Yes sir. Um the city up in the mountains in Tennessee? 364: Chattanooga. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the city up in the mountains in North Carolina? Its a resort city? In western North Carolina. 364: Western North Carolina. I forgot all my geography for this. Western North Carolina? Interviewer: I forgot mine too. 364: {NW} Interviewer: This its Asheville. 364: Asheville. Interviewer: Asheville. 364: Asheville. Interviewer: {D: I don't know much about that} 364: I I I couldn't remember that. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um the big city in west Tennessee where Martin Luther King was killed? 364: Memphis. Interviewer: The capital of Tennessee? 364: Uh. Jackson. Tennessee is Nashville, Nashville. Interviewer: Okay. The capital and largest city in Georgia? 364: Atlanta. Interviewer: The biggest seaport in Georgia? 364: Augusta? No? {D: I don't know direction} {X} Interviewer: All the way down. 364: Mm. Interviewer: Savannah? 364: Hmm? Interviewer: Savannah? 364: Savannah. Savannah. Interviewer: The biggest city in New Orleans I mean no well I said it the biggest city in Louisiana? Uh. 364: New Orleans. Interviewer: {NW} Uh 364: {NW} Interviewer: And the capital of Louisiana? 364: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the biggest city in southern Ohio? 364: Cincinnati. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the biggest city in Kentucky and all for the derby? {NS} {NS} 364: Uh Kentucky? Yeah. {NW} {NS} Louisville. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: Uh as you'd you might say from this town to that town is about? 364: Uh. {D: From which?} Interviewer: Now you might tell me the distance from here to {D: Russellville} is about how far? 364: About six miles. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Somebody asked you to do something, you'd say well I don't know blank if I can do it or not. 364: I don't know whether Interviewer: Mm okay. 364: I can do it or not. Interviewer: Uh it you have a very sick friend and he's not likely to get any better {C: distorted} {X} When you could've used help you might ask afterwards why did you just sit around blank helping me? 364: Why'd you just sit around and see me uh in such a strain and wouldn't help me? Interviewer: Alright. Do you ever use the word instead of? 364: Ins- Interviewer: Instead of helping me why'd you just sit around instead of? You ever use that? 364: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Instead of. Why did you just sit around instead of working? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 364: #2 Yeah. # Uh use that sometimes. Interviewer: Okay. 364: But {NW} Interviewer: {D: Uh a while} if somebody had asked you why do you like him, you'd say I like him? 364: Because he's friendly. Interviewer: Alright. . Uh names of churches, I believe this is the one you go to. 364: {NW} The churches I go to? Oh I just go to Baptist and Methodist. Interviewer: Okay. Uh when somebody becomes a member of the church you say he? 364: Joined. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh in church you worship? Auxiliary: Heaven. 364: God. Interviewer: Alright. When swearing do you pronounce it the same way? 364: Swearing? Interviewer: If you're swearing and you use God's name, do you pronounce it the same way? 364: Yes. Its pronounced the same way. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: It doesn't mean the same. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. You said the preacher preached a fine? 364: Sermon. Interviewer: Uh the choir and organist provided good? 364: Music. Interviewer: Uh the service was or the sunset was you're describing it now. 364: Mm. {NW} The service we had a wonderful service. Interviewer: Alright you're describing it and instead of saying pretty its more than pretty what is it? 364: More than what? Interviewer: More than pretty. 364: {NW} You You mean the service is more than? Interviewer: Was more than pretty what would you say? 364: Beautiful. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you'd say I thought I had time but I got caught in the tra- traffic and the post office was closed? 364: Hold that hold on I got that Interviewer: Okay. 364: Before all that there. Interviewer: Okay. What did people sometimes tell children would come and get them if they didn't behave? 364: Spankings. Interviewer: But they'd say that something was gonna come and 'em if they didn't behave who'd they tell 'em would come and get 'em? 364: Bogeyman. Interviewer: Okay. 364: I've heard that Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 expression. # Interviewer: {NW} 364: {X} {NW} Interviewer: Did they mean the devil? 364: I'm uh yeah. I've heard lots of 'em Interviewer: {NW} 364: old the ol' method {NS} {D: the old manner} {NS} if uh its a white child a nigger will get you Interviewer: {NW} 364: Now you gonna believe I've heard that Interviewer: Oh. 364: time and again. Auxiliary: {D: Young man} come on back here {D: or a nigger will get you.} Interviewer: {NW} 364: {D: Nigger says ah that's true oh.} Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} {X} You ever name a nigger when they're bad Interviewer: #1 Its like he # 364: #2 {X} # Interviewer: was the devil, huh? 364: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Well I've had that that used to make me make me shudder when I'd hear that. Interviewer: You know sometimes they scare children with policemen with a {D: signed lighting} 364: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 364: #1 {D: horrible to think of} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 364: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 364: Yeah now I I've heard that. Interviewer: And you're not supposed to scare children. 364: No, no. Interviewer: Policemen. 364: I remember once I was a little little boy between the years when {D: Rockwood} and there was a lady near the {X} Uh. {D: Burton Underwood} plays. And and she had a bunch of children playing out there in the road, you know? Near the raised road. And I heard in summertime oh I'd go up to the store every day or two. And uh Come on back here! There comes a man he'll get you. And I I just stood it long as I could. I told her that {D: lady} please don't scare your children like that. Said please ma'am and they were like she didn't she didn't use the phrase nigger. But now if I hadn't've been listening, she would have said nigger #1 yes she would. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # You knew what she meant any of it. 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What is it that people sometimes think they see around a graveyard? 364: Oh a haint. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for a #1 Haint? # 364: #2 Ghoul. # Ghoul. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. This is a uh a lonely old house off of a dark road people think they hear strange noises come from inside. 364: Oh that house is {D: haunted.} Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} You'd say you'd better put a sweater on, its getting? 364: Dark. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 What about # cold. Interviewer: Or it getting right chilly. 364: Yeah that. {C: Audio becomes faint} Interviewer: Rather chilly would you? Or sort of? 364: Yeah, its sort of Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 chilly. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: Uh you'd say I'll go if you insist, but I'm 364: {D: ah go on.} Um. Well other than that Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 {D: I'd go one if I can.} # Interviewer: Uh what do you say to a friend you haven't seen for some time? If you're glad to see them? 364: Well I I'm glad to see you because I hadn't I haven't seen you in quite a while. Interviewer: Alright. Uh you'd say he owns five hundred acres how much land would that be? That's a bunch of land. 364: Five hundred acres? Interviewer: Yes sir. If you were describing that much land how much land would you say that'd be? 364: I'd say he has a big farm. Interviewer: Okay. Did did you ever use the term a {D: right smart of land?} 364: Oh I have. Interviewer: #1 Does this mean? # 364: #2 {X} # If he had five hundred acres I'd say he got a lot of land. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: Got it. Uh would you also use the term right smart to talk about {D: pain?} If you had a right smart of pain Of pain. If you were hurting somewhere, talk about pain. 364: No, I'd say a lot. Interviewer: Alright. How about money? 364: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Would you s-? # 364: {D: claiming on that.} Interviewer: {NW} 364: Plenty of money. Interviewer: If you want to express agreement stronger than with just yes, what would you say? 364: Yes. Interviewer: Stronger than yes. 364: Sure. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd I'd say can you really do that? And you'd say I? 364: I'm afraid I can't. Interviewer: Okay. 364: #1 Or I can. # Interviewer: #2 {D: When} # Mm-kay. Uh if you wanted to be very polite to somebody would you say just yes? 364: No, I'd say uh yes ma'am or yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Um. Interviewer: If somebody intensely disliked to go somewhere you'd say he? 364: If he? Interviewer: If he intensely disliked to go somewhere you'd say he? 364: Oh and he he not he don't wanna go? Interviewer: Yes sir. 364: Oh. Oh I don't know what it'd be. Sort of depends on the circumstances in that case. Interviewer: Mm-kay and how did 364: I might say he's {D: stuck in mud.} Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Did uh do you say he he dreaded the place? Do you use the term dreaded? For hated? 364: Well not in that some instances I would say he dreaded it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Or I might say he bull headed Or I might say he's peaked. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: Kay. 364: Or {X} some. {NW} Interviewer: Oh. If you hit your finger with a hammer what would you say? 364: Uh-oh. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # {D: Careless as ever.} Interviewer: {NW} 364: And I've got a blister I say nah and I ain't gonna tell you how its getting around here. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Ah, okay. # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # It was me that {D: made} the thing let's say you run out. Wore out. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: What might you exclaim when you were excited? 364: What's making me? Interviewer: What might you say when you were excited? 364: Oh scared me. Interviewer: Would you do you ever use the term land sakes? I believe women use that more than men, don't they? Land sakes. 364: Land sakes. Uh no I I don't know. {NS} I don't remember using it myself. Interviewer: Mm okay. What might you say when you're a little bit peeved at yourself for doing something foolish? 364: I'd just say I'm an old fool. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Just plain fool. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Which I I uh acknowledge mine. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: When something shocking is reported, you might show a kind of polite resentment by saying why are they? 364: Why are they? Something shocking? Interviewer: Yes sir. Or as you might say you said it, you'd say why the very? 364: The very idea. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} When a friend says good morning why what might you ask him in return? 364: How do you feel? Interviewer: Okay. When you are introduced to a stranger what might you say? 364: I'm glad to meet you. Interviewer: Um. 364: {NW} Interviewer: How do you greet somebody about December twenty-fifth? 364: Kind of a greeting? Interviewer: On December twenty-fifth or about. 364: Christmas eve or Christmas dear. Interviewer: Okay. 364: On the twenty-fifth. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Christmas dear. {NS} Interviewer: Uh well what might you say about January first? 364: Um. Happy new year. Interviewer: Alright. Uh anything you might say by way of appreciation besides thank you? 364: Well I'd just plainly say I appreciate. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Very much. Interviewer: Do you ever use the term {D: Mister T} uh I'm much obliged? 364: Well now I have. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: But I I I I think I appreciate it is a solid term. And I that's that's my Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: My thinking. Interviewer: Uh you'd say I have to go downtown a little while to do some? 364: Shopping. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you make a purchase the store keeper takes a piece of paper and? 364: Well in my in my {D: reason} he had charged it. Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} If he does like when you're fixing up a Christmas package? 364: He's packaging it uh wrapped it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 Wrapped it. # Interviewer: Uh if the storekeeper sold something for two dollars that he'd paid two dollars a {D: hind} for you'd say he was selling it? 364: At a loss. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You admire something but don't have enough money to buy it, you'd say sure I like it, but it? 364: Uh its too high. Interviewer: Okay. Uh uh when its time to pay the bill on the first the month you say the bill is? 364: Due. Interviewer: Kay. 364: {D: But I ain't saying nothing.} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} And to stay in good standing in your club or {D: lodge} you have to pay your? 364: Dues. Interviewer: Alright. If you need to cut the grass and you don't have a lawnmower you might go over to a neighbor and ask to? 364: Borrow one. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} When the banker is gently refusing a loan, he might say well money is? 364: Scarce. Ah. {NW} Interviewer: You'd say and he ran down the springboard and? 364: Um. Interviewer: Ran down the springboard and into the water. 364: Oh. Dived. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} When you dive in and hit the water flat on your this part of your body, what do you call that? 364: Belly buster. Interviewer: {NW} When you turn head over heels you call that turning a what? 364: A somerset. Interviewer: Okay. Uh he'd already get across the river so he dived in and? 364: Swim. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} when you buy something or used to buy something or paid the bill sometimes the storekeeper would give you a little present and he'd say its for? 364: Um. {NS} Give you a present for? Uh your patronage. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: I don't bel- I've never heard this word, the word is uh L-A-G-N-I-A-P-P-E. Lagn- Lagniappe? {C: Pronunciation} 364: I don't know that Interviewer: #1 I don't know it either. # 364: #2 word. # Interviewer: #1 And # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Some synonyms of it are brawtus B-R-A-W-T-U-S. And pilon P-I-L-O-N. And it's It's a bonus or a gift when a bill is paid. 364: I don't I know none of those Interviewer: Its not a local term is it? 364: Well most uh uh we we use it uh. {X} {NS} Quite often. Lots of times paid off our bill and he would say maybe here take it for your appreciation for your Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 364: #2 patronage. # Uh. And uh dealing with him. Interviewer: But I don't know those terms 364: #1 No, I don't know 'em. # Interviewer: #2 around here. Mm-kay. # Someone who got caught in a whirlpool and didn't get out you'd say he was? 364: Drowning. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh what does a baby do before its able to walk? 364: Crawl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You saw something up a tree, you went to take a closer look at it so you went over to the tree and? You go up the tree. 364: Climb. Interviewer: Alright. 364: Climb the tree. Interviewer: Um {NS} playing hide and seek, you find yourself near a stump so you? 364: Said a stump? Interviewer: Yes sir, if you're playing, kids are playing hide and seek and they get near a 364: #1 Hide. # Interviewer: #2 stump. # 364: Where you hide in. Interviewer: Okay {NW} Uh when somebody's down on his uh knees say like shooting marbles, what do you say he's doing? 364: Well. Uh {NW} {NW} usually he's playing if he's not playing he {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 {D: for a ruler} # Interviewer: Do you use the term hunker down? You'd say he's hunkered down? 364: {X} I would say uh I would use it. I'd I might {NS} about {C: Audio volume decreased until 57:10} Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: I might use the word hunker. Interviewer: Uh if a child wanted to trick you he might hide behind a couch he'd go back there and hunker down when he jumped up he'd say? This to trick you? He might jump out behind the couch at you and say something, what would he say? {NS} 364: He trick you. In the scary way he'd say boo or something Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 like that. # Interviewer: Okay. 364: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: In praying you say you? 364: Praying? Interviewer: In praying. 364: Praying? Interviewer: You what? When you get down to pray? 364: It's uh you first is address the deity. Uh. You'd you you usually begin with uh addressing the Father. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And in what position are you? 364: On my knees. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call that? 364: Praying. Interviewer: Alright. But then do you kneeling? 364: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Mm-hmm praying. {NS} Interviewer: Uh you'd say I'm feeling tired, I'm going over to the couch and? 364: Rest. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh you'd say all morning if he stayed in bed all morning all day he? 364: Slept. Interviewer: Okay. Uh talking about something you saw in your sleep you'd say this is what I? 364: Dreamed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} Uh I dreamed I was falling but just as I was about to hit the ground I? 364: I wake. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor like this you say you do what? 364: Stomp. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: When you see a friend leaving a party alone you might ask can I? 364: Can I assist you or or yeah. Could I assist you or? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh would it make any difference in what you said whether you were walking or driving? 364: No. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Same lines. Interviewer: How about whether you were speaking to a man or a woman? 364: That would that'd be likewise. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Same there. Interviewer: Alright. Uh when you say uh could I carry you home, do you mean the same thing as to escort? 364: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. To get a boat up on land you tie a rope to the bow and? 364: Tow it in. Interviewer: Mm-kay. When your car gets stuck in the mud or snow you ask someone to get behind you and give you a? 364: Push. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car, so you picked it up and? 364: Didn't have my car? Interviewer: No sir. 364: And I picked it up? Interviewer: And? 364: We use the term toted it. Interviewer: Okay. 364: {NW} I I was corrected in a {D: magazine I know of} that didn't use that word tote. They said pack. Interviewer: Pack okay. 364: Pack. Interviewer: Someone corrected me yesterday for using the word choice-y. {C: Slang} 364: Choice-y? Interviewer: They said there's no such word as choice-y. 364: Oh why? Interviewer: I said it must be I've used it all my life. {NW} 364: And I have too. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {NW} # Uh I I frequently used it. Interviewer: I did too. 364: #1 Well he's choice-y. # Interviewer: #2 I don't, I # I said the same thing and and they said uh is there such a word as choice-y? and I said well I thought so and they said the word was choosy. 364: Choosy? Interviewer: Not choice-y. Now I'd I was gonna look it up the dictionary today, but that's the first time I've thought about it 364: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 was when you said that. # 364: Uh I I I'm always seeing is that uh when when it come uh {D: hanging} I'd say oh he's too choice-y. Interviewer: I've said it too I'm I'll look that up and see. 364: Choosy? Interviewer: Choosy, they said was the word, 364: #1 Well it # Interviewer: #2 not choice-y. # They were teachers I was talking to and they you know they 364: Oh. Interviewer: #1 And # 364: #2 Well # it could be I I'm so off {D: the lawn.} Interviewer: Well I have too but I. 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} If a child is reaching toward a piece of fine glass that you don't want him to have you'll tell him? 364: Don't bother it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you need a hammer you'd say to me go? 364: Get my hammer. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um in a tag game a tag of a game of tag, you have to run and get back to your? 364: Base. Interviewer: Mm-kay. If you throw a ball and ask somebody to? If you throw a ball at at me you ask me to do what? 364: #1 Catch it. # Interviewer: #2 Not. # 364: #1 Catch it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # Uh you say I've been fishing for trout but I haven't? 364: {D: Caught 'em.} Had a bite. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} You'd say lets meet in town, if I get there first I'll? 364: See you. Uh. If I can get there first I'll I'll wait. Interviewer: Okay, do you Do you say I'll wait for you or wait on you? 364: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} Uh a child wanting to get out of a spanking might say give me another? 364: Chance. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh somebody's got a smile on his face and a pleasant word for everybody you say he seems to be in a good? 364: Humor. Interviewer: Kay. {NW} Uh you say there's that pesky salesman again, wait till I? 364: That what? Interviewer: Pesky salesman again, wait till I? 364: Direct. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You'd say we've got termites but I'm sure the exterminating company will? 364: I'm afraid I didn't get that. Interviewer: Okay. It it's a term to get rid of, do you say get rid of or get shed of or get shut of? You wanna get rid of something. 364: Oh yeah. Oh I would just say get rid of. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Yeah. Interviewer: You'd say he didn't really know what was going on but he? 364: Didn't really know what is going on. Oh I don't. Now that's there's a that's a term for Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 364: #2 for a # calling them who it is Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 what # it is, and where he. {X} Interviewer: You might say he didn't know what was going on but he acted as he? as if he did? 364: Did, uh-huh. Acted as if he did. Interviewer: Or he made out like he did? 364: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And you say made out like 364: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 or acted like? # 364: I I say he made out like Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 he did. # That's what I was complaining with the day I left. Interviewer: {NW} A boy left his best pencil on his desk and came back and didn't find it he'd say I bet somebody. 364: Stole it. Interviewer: He usually left it in his other desk is what happened. 364: Mm. Interviewer: You'd say I had forgotten about that, but now I? 364: I remember. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say to me well you must have a better memory than I do because I sure don't? 364: Remember anything. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh you'd say I have just blank him a letter? 364: I just I've just written him a letter. Interviewer: Okay. And tomorrow I'm going to? 364: Uh. Interviewer: You're gonna send him another letter, tomorrow I'm going to? 364: Mail it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you'd say in its time I was getting an? 364: Answer. Interviewer: Kay. Uh you put the letter in the envelope and then you take your pen and what do you do to the envelope? 364: Address it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you ever use the term back it? 364: #1 Yeah, yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: Back it. Interviewer: My mother said at the nursing home of the day she uh was going prepare a letter to mail for some patients 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 she'd say # Well hand it to me and I'll back it. 364: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 for you. # And she said they all laughed because they hadn't heard that term in a long time. 364: Oh yeah? There are {X} I I I sometimes get {D: Mandy} to back a letter. Interviewer: {NW} You'd say I want to write to someone do you know his? 364: Address. Interviewer: You a child has learned something surprising the parent might ask who was it? 364: Taught you. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Who told you or. Why did where'd you get that? {NW} Interviewer: If I asked you when are you going to town, you'd say right now we're blank next Wednesday. 364: We're We're going to town next Wednesday. Interviewer: Okay. Do you say we intend or are fixing or aim? 364: Well I'd say we are we intend to go. Interviewer: Okay. You don't say aiming to go? 364: No. Interviewer: You maybe you heard of that? Aim I've of 364: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 aiming. # 364: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What do children call somebody who's always running and telling on the others? 364: Tattletale. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: We're we're going to town next {D: Wednesday.} Interviewer: Okay. Do you say we intend or are fixing or aim? 364: Well I'd say we are we intend to go. Interviewer: Okay. You don't say aiming to go? 364: No. Interviewer: You maybe you've heard that? Aim I've 364: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 heard of aiming to go. # 364: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What do children call somebody who's always running and telling on the others? 364: Tattletale. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} 364: Any difference between younger and older children? Interviewer: #1 Do they all # 364: #2 Well. # Interviewer: say the same thing you think? 364: Yeah they {NS} Interviewer: #1 I've heard. # 364: #2 They're usually # Interviewer: saying that. Okay. If you want to brighten up the room for a party you have a lot of things growing in your yard you go out and? 364: Clean 'em. Clean up. Interviewer: Alright what would you well I saw {D: Nanny} came in here yesterday she'd just picked some pretty {D: days.} 364: {NS} Yellow flowers. Interviewer: Okay. Uh It's something a child might play with, what would you call that? 364: Plaything. Interviewer: Okay. Uh is there a different name for something that you'd buy or something that you'd make at home for him to play with? 364: Yeah. Um We we used to use the term store-bought or homemade. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um You'd these are the principle parts of of the verb give you'd say that's the book you? 364: {NW} That's the way {D: that} Interviewer: From give you'd then say that's the book you? 364: #1 You # Interviewer: #2 If I had # given you a book? You'd say that's the book you? 364: You you finished. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 The book you finished. # Interviewer: Alright, that's or or I'll give it back when I'm finished? 364: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: And I'll give it back when I'm finished. Interviewer: Uh you say I'm glad I carried my umbrella we hadn't gone half a block when it? 364: Started happening. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} Do you use started to rain or commenced to rain? 364: I use began Interviewer: #1 Began. You don't use any, okay. # 364: #2 I use began to rain. # Interviewer: Uh. You'd I'd say why are you out of breath? And you'd say I? I'm out of breath because I something all the way home. 364: Um. I ran. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: Ran home. Interviewer: Uh if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he? 364: Live. Interviewer: Or wh- well you didn't know where he was born you might ask where does he something from? 364: {NW} Interviewer: {NS} Would you say where does he come from? {NS} 364: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 364: #2 That's what I # where'd he come from? Interviewer: Okay. 364: Yeah that's. Where did he come from? Interviewer: If you can't get through uh the road b- uh you'd say the highway department's got their machines in and the road's all? 364: Blocked. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh the opposite of take it off is? 364: Uh. Patrol. Interviewer: Alright. Now if in-instead of saying take it off, the opposite is? 364: Open it, open Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 364: #2 open it. # Interviewer: Put you ever heard put it on? If you put on your clothes and then take 'em off? 364: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 364: Undress. Interviewer: Okay. 364: Yeah I {NS} Interviewer: Uh {NS} if you're sitting with a friend not saying anything and all of a sudden he asks you what did you say you'd say why I? 364: If you're sitting with a friend? And he didn't say anything? And Interviewer: And you ask him what he said he'd say why I? 364: I haven't said anything. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Then you'd say oh I thought you said? 364: Said something. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Uh you say well I never heard of? 364: #1 Such. # Interviewer: #2 Such. # Okay. 364: Never heard of such. Interviewer: Uh if you've lived here all your life and somebody asked you have you lived here long you'd answer why I? 364: I've I've been here all my life. I've been here all my life. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh you'd say I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever? 364: Since. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh it wasn't an accident, he did it? 364: On purpose. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you'd say I don't know you'd better? 364: See him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 364: #1 Ask him. # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # Alright good. Uh there are two little boys, you'd say those boys sure do like to? 364: Uh fight? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh this kind of drawing out a knife and doing this with it, what do you call that? 364: Drawing? Interviewer: A knife and doing that with it. 364: Stabbing. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you were going to lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to what? 364: Hoist it. Interviewer: Okay good. And that's all the questions that I have to ask you. #1 We can just talk # 364: #2 Well # Interviewer: #1 the rest of the time. # 364: #2 I # Interviewer: {NW} 364: I wish Interviewer: {NW} 364: I lots of #1 {D: last bedtime} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: this morn- No, last night I don't sleep much I didn't {NS} I went to bed by seven oh clock last night and I didn't go to sleep until after twelve. And I thought about always {D: question myself } {D: am I lying to myself.} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 {D: I said always to the man} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 and I had. # Interviewer: {NW} 364: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 {D: He's about to tell all his bad jokes} # Auxiliary: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 but he won't tell 'em to me. # {NW} 364: They're not bad Interviewer: {NW} 364: they're just so uh they're so appropriate and uh {NW} I I uh or gathers questions I I wish I could answer with a joke. {NW} Interviewer: Well I bet Dr. Foster would like to hear those jokes. Auxiliary: He would. 364: Oh. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Often # 364: #2 I I # this yeah. That uh {B} she would have a Interviewer: #1 Yes? # 364: #2 on a date. # Interviewer: #1 # 364: #2 # She I she and uh no, not that the keys weren't but she and uh {NS} Auxiliary: Bill. 364: Bill is a doctor one, Dr Bill Whitaker or Bill uh Auxiliary: #1 Williamson. # 364: #2 Williamson. # Uh we just joke said jokes oh they ain't bad but they #1 you # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {D: bad for} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 jokes. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I've known Louise all my life. 364: {NW} I I'd tell 'em before some women. {NS} Not uh {NS} all that to them are smutty. But its the way you take. Interviewer: I know it. 364: And the way you think. Auxiliary: {NW} 364: There's that and once I was in school. {NS} I was taking we had a teacher a bus driving teacher he had us all dress similar for a solid week and take driver lessons. And lecture to us. {NW} He got up there the first thing he said he said I've got I've got a question to ask you bus drivers. I wanna see how {D: your frame of mind.} What you're thinking. And how your mind uh reacts. So I don't want you to answer today but before the week's up I'll ask you to answer these questions. And uh he popped the questions everybody in the all of 'em said I know now, I know. {NW} Uh it wasn't smut it was the way you take it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 My husband can't # 364: #2 Uh # Interviewer: tell jokes he just ruins 'em. 364: Can't he? Auxiliary: #1 That's not good. # 364: #2 {NW} # He popped those questions and when they when he'd give the answer to 'em every one of us was surprised. Interviewer: {NW} 364: Just some nice and clean answers but every one of us had {NS} Had a mind all Interviewer: {NW} 364: dirty. {NW} Such as What is a job a man stand up to do and a woman sit down to do? Auxiliary: {NW} Looks like you're asking them. Interviewer: {NW} 364: And oh I know what Interviewer: {NW} 364: {NW} I know now you. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 Too funny. # 364: {NW} Wh- {NW} What is that uh a woman has only two. And a cow has four? And oh I know. {NS} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 364: And what he came up with was answers that was altogether different. Interviewer: Well I I've talking about uh my little girl asked me some of those same jokes. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: And I'd forgotten the first one, but the last one I answered what I thought it was and the answer was leg. Auxiliary: #1 Leg. # 364: #2 Leg. # Auxiliary: #1 # 364: #2 # Interviewer: What is it a woman has two of 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 and a cow has four of? # 364: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is it #1 legs? # 364: #2 Le- # Exactly Interviewer: And I I answered like and my mind was in the wrong Auxiliary: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 place # Auxiliary: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 and my answer was. # Auxiliary: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: Now that #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: that's the way it was #1 {D: I can't hope.} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: {NW} When he'd say that what is {NW} man stand up to do and a woman sit down to do? He said love shake your hand. Shake hands #1 A woman shake # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 a woman said I'll shake your hand # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: #1 and a man stands up. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 364: {X} Interviewer: Well I missed that one too. {NW} 364: Oh boy we did have some fun over in that thing. {NW} Well all us knew the answer when you popped the #1 question # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: all of us knew that. What is it? Interviewer: You gonna tell us the joke today? {NW} Auxiliary: {D: Take that when you camp and you go.} Interviewer: {NW} Oh. #1 Oh I # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I'd have missed it too. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: I took uh or Ginger went to see Paper Moon Saturday night. And its the first time she'd ever been to the movie that had an ugly word in it. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Uh when I went to pick her up she got in the car and repeated that ugly word to her and I said well that's not the first time you've ever heard it, is it? And she said first time I ever heard it at the picture #1 show. # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # That was something #1 new right there wasn't it? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Didn't deny hearing it at all. {NW} Auxiliary: How many children have you? Interviewer: Just one. Auxiliary: {D: Just enough?} Interviewer: Prettiest girl in town. Auxiliary: #1 {NW} # 364: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah {B} Oh wow. #1 That's that's good. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 364: She sure has a pretty mother #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Well thank you. # 364: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You know # Every mama thinks hers is. 364: Oh yeah. #1 Yeah. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 364: {NS} Uh once my daughter uh she had a she had only one child and and she brought him here. And {NS} Some other woman come up then my wife went out there and she said oh {X} {C: name} come here and look what a pretty child. Oh I ain't gonna. I got a pretty child. {NW} She wouldn't even hear him she wouldn't even look at him. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: My little girl she's gonna be thirteen next month. Auxiliary: {X} 364: Be what? Interviewer: She'll be thirteen years old next month. She's so excited at being a teenager. Auxiliary: I know. {NW} 364: Thirteen? I didn't think I thought that was your age. Interviewer: Oh well I'm just Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: I was just six when I had her. {NW} 364: Well I'll declare she sure is a pretty #1 child. # Interviewer: #2 Isn't she pretty? # 364: Thirteen year old {D: a lot not.} Interviewer: That's my good looking husband. 364: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 364: Well I I I I I've I've I must say I've never seen a good looking man. Interviewer: {NW} Interviewer: {NS} This is Nancy. {B} I am recording in Bessemer, Alabama, Jefferson County on November second, third and fourth of nineteen seventy-three. My informant is Mrs. Alma {B} of {B}. Her birthplace is Bessemer, Alabama. She is seventy-two years old, a white female, and a member of the First Methodist Church. She is now a housewife. She was previously a clerk in her husband's dry goods store for fifty years. Prior to that, she had completed the eleventh grade in Bessemer High School. She was born in Bessemer and has lived here all of her life. She's had very limited travel, with the exception of visiting one of her seven daughters on several occasions at their respective homes. Her mother was born in Birmingham, Alabama. Her father was born in Bessemer, Alabama. Her mother completed the eighth grade, Her father finished high school and was a teacher and a Presbyterian minister. Both of her maternal grandparents were born in Birmingham, Alabama, and both of paternal grandparents were born in Bessemer, Alabama. {NS} {NS} There, just tell us a little about yourself. 370B: Well I was one of thirteen children, believe it or not. My mother had, uh, eight, I mean seven boys and six girls. And we were raised on a farm, my daddy, uh, had cows and horses and, uh he, uh, sold vegetables and things like that, and also milk and butter. And we also had a little mercantile store out there, but there was enough of us to look after all. Interviewer: Did ya have any chickens? 370B: And we had chickens, and just, in fact, he sold, uh eggs specially for hatching and I'm the one that had to see that these eggs were turned every day until he sold 'em. And he had about five different kinds of chickens, and we had 'em all in different pens, and we had to keep these eggs separately. He had the speckled hamburg, and the white rocks, and the red rocks, and, oh, I don't know how many different kinds. And so people from town would come out in the country, you see, where we lived, we lived about two miles out of town. And they would come out for milk and butter and vegetables and their setting eggs and things like that. So, uh, I really enjoyed getting the eggs. But on Sun-, and I also helped milk the cows, now, I think this was just real, real cute, and I had uh one, I had two brothers, smaller, younger, rather, than I am. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And they would come out, and when I would milk the cow, they would open their mouths, and I'd milk the milk in the {NW} in their mouths, it was just, we had lots of fun. Interviewer: Did y'all all just drink the milk right out of the, #1 ya didn't # 370B: #2 Well # Interviewer: sterilize it or anything? 370B: No sterilizer, but we had to be very particular with it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: We always strained it through a double cloth. But um, And then, too, Mama never had her milk airtight, because that, I don't know what that does to it, but she'd always tie a cloth over it instead of a lid of any kind, to make it tight, but she would tie a cloth over it. And we also had a big walk-in box that we would set our milk in there and keep it good and cold. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Except, of course, when she wanted it to {D:clobber}. And we had a, what they call a barrel churn, I don't know, it had two handles on either side, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: because he had several, I don't know how many cows we had, I guess you'd call it a small dairy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And we would put this milk in here, and one would get on one side, and turn, you know, turn the barrel, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: and one would be on other. Uh, course, one could turn it, but generally two of us did, cause we had more fun, ya know. {NW} And so after, I remember, before we got married, before, uh, I was in, uh, you know, kinda looking, had an eye on the boys. Interviewer: Yeah. 370B: I, on Sunday afternoon, I wouldn't wanna have to milk but, uh, course the cows have to milk, have to be milked on Sunday, same as any day, and our dairy and all was over across the road from the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: Down, I don't know how many acres we had, but we had acreage on both sides of the road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And so, on Sunday afternoon, we would just have a, a time, getting down there and getting those cows milked and getting back across the road so our boyfriend wouldn't see us crossing the road, ya know, milking the cows. We weren't old enough to have any better sense. Course I married very young. But this was when I had just began to go with the boys, you know. Interviewer: How old were you then? 370B: Oh, I was about twelve years old.{NW} Interviewer: Oh, you did start young!{NW} 370B: So what else now do you wanna know? Interviewer: Well, did you ever call the cows? 370B: #1 What did you call it, when you wanted them to come to, what did you call it? # Interviewer: #2 Well, uh, we had a pasture there that was, # 370B: and they would always come up to the back of the lot, ya know, ready to get in. And the boys would go in, and, uh chain 'em up or fasten 'em or whatever and feed 'em, and, uh, my sister and I, one of the sisters, I've forgotten which one, Grace said she was always too smart to learn how to milk, she was just older than I, but I got lots of fun out of it, I didn't know any better. But, um we didn't have to call 'em, they were always right there, they would come out of the pasture, you see, in to eat, Interviewer: #1 and then we'd # 370B: #2 Oh. # turn 'em out at night. Interviewer: Did ya have any pigs? 370B: And we had, oh yes, we had pigs, and, uh #1 cows and goats. # 370B: #2 Did you eat the meat? # Oh, yeah, we had goats, and, and, Oh, Mama could fix the best barbecued goat you ever ate in your life, there's a lotta people who don't like goat. But I guess they just don't know how to butcher 'em, they say there's a lot in that. Interviewer: How do you do it? 370B: Well, there's certain glands and things you have to cut out to keep it from tasting like goat, ya know. Interviewer: Oh. 370B: Well, you just, uh, kill 'em and skin 'em, just like you do a cow, or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: something like that. And of course, you know pigs, you have to scald them, #1 pour hot # Interviewer: #2 The whole pig? # 370B: have to scald 'em, pour hot water on 'em and scrape 'em. You don't skin a pig. Interviewer: Why not? 370B: Well, they're just not supposed to be skinned, I guess. They, you know, they use the, the hide and all, for cows Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: for leather, and stuff like that. But the, uh, I imagine, the pig skin is just too tender; it it's just no good for anything, and they just pour this boiling water on it, and uh, scrape the hair off. They have a real sharp knife, and they just scrape it, just like you shave, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And then another thing, um, I remember that Mama used to cook out fat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: We'd make all of our pure lard. Interviewer: #1 And, # 370B: #2 Oh. # and she had big, uh, five-gallon, uh, maybe ten-gallon jars, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: uh, milk jars, just like a milk jar. And, uh, we would fill that with lard, and we made all of our lard, all of our butter when we churned, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And we had our chickens, and, in fact Dad didn't have to buy anything much, except just flower, and meal, and sugar, and coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And we had our own meal because he, uh, had that ground, he didn't have to buy that. Interviewer: Oh, he grew the. 370B: We grew the corn, and he, we had the homemade meal, and it was really good. I remember, uh, at, uh, night, Mama, you know, with thirteen children, she was always busy doing something. Interviewer: Yeah. 370B: But we'd take it time about and uh I remember, my sister Grace said that her job was to, um bake the sweet potatoes and some hot cornbread, and we'd have ice-cold sweet milk and stuff like that for dinner. At night, you know after you come in. Interviewer: Oh, you had your big meal at, at noontime, then? 370B: Uh huh. And that was when we weren't in school, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Mama always did. But of course when were still in school, she'd have it at night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: But, um, we'd always have hot cornbread to go with that, uh, ice-cold sweet milk for dinner, didn't make a difference why else we'd have it at night, you know. But we'd have that hot cornbread, and it was just real good. Interviewer: What, did she bake it in a, uh, pan? A big skillet? 370B: She just baked it in a big iron skillet. Interviewer: And and uh was it a wood stove or 370B: It was a wood stove, and how in the world my mother ever stood what she had had to go through with I don't know and raise those thirteen children, but this kitchen was just, uh, built on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Half of the back porch was built into a kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, uh, to make more room, we took our regular kitchen and then made, uh, a big bedroom out of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, uh, we had this, um, coal stove, and it really got hot in the summertime. Interviewer: I'll bet. 370B: But later on, of course, after all the children were grown and married, uh, my daddy built in town. And they moved to town, and she had all the conveniences that, uh, anybody had. Interviewer: #1 And she, # 370B: #2 She had electricity? # She had electricity, uh, but, she didn't have a gas stove, she had an oil stove for a while, and then I think she had an electric stove. But, uh, she, um, we never had a bathroom out in the country, we, Interviewer: Never? 370B: never had a bathroom. Interviewer: Did you take baths in the kitchen? 370B: Uh, we had a back room, and we had a, a big ol' tub. And, uh, we bathed in that back room. But, um, I don't know they, I guess they just didn't have bathrooms way back then. Interviewer: The, how'd you get the water out of the tub? 370B: Oh, well, you'd just have to pick up the tub, two of you, and take it and pour it out. But, uh, we had a well right on the back porch, that #1 was good. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 370B: But, uh, have to heat your water, course the stoves, back then, had a, uh, cistern like on the side of it, just a, well, I don't know what you'd call it, anyway, you kept hot water in that. You didn't have to boil it, your water every time, I mean, heat it, because you already had it. But, uh, she had to cook, but everybody in that community, I guess, because we had all these children and everybody liked to come home with us, because Mama was such a good cook. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And, uh, she, uh, made these, uh, great big chicken pies, I've got some dishes in here that, uh, used to be hers, and she had this big ol' {X}. And instead of us going home with other people, they always come home with us. And Mama never said a word, we had all the company you could think of, and every preacher that came down there, uh, Al had, uh, was headquarters They would come and, uh, spend the night with brother {D:Allender), they called him. So, um, I just don't know, I, I said after we were all grown and married and children of our own, we could look back and just see what Mama went through with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: I said, I wouldn't have let my kids bring all those kids home with 'em. But, uh, I guess I did, though, because I had seven girls myself, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: and they all had girlfriends, and they liked to come to our place, because we were in business and had all kind of candies and cakes and coca-colas, and all that kind of stuff, you know. And they would just go in the store and get what they wanted. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And, I, like I said, when I said if I was Mama, I wouldn't let 'em, but I, I did do it, when I was Mama, I did. Interviewer: Yeah, when they're yours, you don't {X}. 370B: No, you don't mind. And, uh, we never did tell 'em, now you just can't go in the cash drawer, now you stay out of the cash drawer, you can't do this, you can't do that. If they wanted anything, they'd say, well now I want so and so, and I'd just say, well, go get it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And they knew that we trusted 'em. And I don't think they ever did anything that, uh, they shouldn't have done. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: They might have slipped and stayed home from school, uh, played hooky or something like that once in a while, but, uh, even after they started having dates and all, they'd come in kinda late, and I'd be sitting up, and I'd say, Well did ya have a good time with so and so and so and so, you know? They'd say, well, how did you know? I didn't realize you even know. No, we'd have a good time. Interviewer: What time did y'all have to get up in the morning to do all that egg business and everything {X}? 370B: Well, now, I did my egg business when I came home from school in the afternoon and helped milk the cows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: But I didn't, uh, I didn't do much housework, now, uh, you know, work around in the house, clean up, everything like that. But the eggs was my that was {X} responsibility. I just had to do, look after those. And, I, I did help milk the cow, and then I did stay in the store some on Saturdays. Now, we didn't keep the store open all the time, they'd just come to the door, and that's another thing my mother had to do. If wasn't any of us there, to go, to the store, why, uh, she would run out there and wait on 'em, Interviewer: #1 you know, and then # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # lock the store, and, uh, I guess, really and truly, what we had the store for was mostly for our own convenience. {NW} So, we had so many things, you know, that you need. Interviewer: Uh-huh 370B: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 With thirteen. # 370B: Yeah. So, uh, I think that was one reason that we had the store, but we didn't keep it open all the time {X} We'd go when somebody came and wanted, uh, something out of the store, we'd run it then, let 'em have it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: {X} You're trying to stop it? Interviewer: No, there you go. Uh, what kind of vegetables did you have? 370B: Oh, we had, uh, Irish potatoes, and sweet potatoes, and rutabaga turnips, and green beans, and mustard, and, uh kale, I remember my Papa used to have lots of kale. Interviewer: What's that? 370B: Uh, it's kind of a slick something, something like a collard, but it isn't. It grows more like a turnip green, instead of a heading like a collard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And collards, and, uh, it seemed to me like he, he even raised some, uh, sorghum at one time, you know, uh, had syrup made out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And, uh, onions, and we would dry our own onions. And of course Mama always canned a lot of this stuff. But, now, the sweet potatoes and, uh, Irish potatoes and things like that, we'd have, and turnips too, now that's one thing that I don't, I'm, don't ever remember seeing anybody else do, they would their turnips in a bed and cover 'em with all this dirt and stuff, just like you do sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Outside, you mean? 370B: Out in the field, and when you wanted turnips, they'd go and just dig down under there and get those turnips, and they had already begun to sprout a little Interviewer: #1 bit, you know. # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # But that didn't hurt 'em, they were just real good. That's one thing that we always had was anything you could think of to plant, my daddy planted it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And he sold a lot. Interviewer: Did ya have corn and all that too? 370B: Corn, uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm. 370B: I remember one year, uh, one of my brothers, uh, Fred, just older than I am, he, uh, I believe it was the four-H club or something, anyway, he wanted to see how much corn he could make on an acre. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And you would be surprised, I don't remember the number of bushels that he did, uh, make, but it was a tremendous amount, so much more than you just Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: generally would make. You know, taking very, all kind of pains with it, and do, doing just like the book said, and all that kind of stuff. But, uh, Papa was a real good farmer. Everybody said he could make a living on a rock, if he {X}. But, uh, I, he just did a wonderful job with the, with the kids, I know that. Interviewer: Can you remember all their names? 370B: Oh, yes, the oldest one was Tom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And he was named after my daddy's daddy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And then there was Rob, I'll name the boys first. Interviewer: Okay. 370B: Tom, and Rob and Ed, and Fred and William, and Charlie, and {D:Bia} Interviewer: {D:Bia}? 370B: {D:Bia. Biving} Isaac. Now, he was the last one, and he was named after my daddy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: He was the last boy. And the girls were, uh, Cora, and Jane, and Grace, and Alma And Lillian, and Vera. Interviewer: Hmm. 370B: Now, there's just supposed to be six of 'em, I don't know how many I named, but there was seven boys and six girls. Interviewer: I say. 370B: And the funniest thing about that, they was, uh, six blue-eyed and six brown eyes. Now that's just twelve. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: But, now, I don't know which one, uh, William died before I was born, I don't know the color of his. But I know that she raised ten to be grown. Ten to be grown, well, she raised more than that to be grown, she raised, um, twelve to be grown, she lost Billy, I mean William. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: That's the only one, cause I remember all the others. Interviewer: #1 And # 370B: #2 that's quite an accomplishment. # Yes. Interviewer: All on the farm. 370B: Uh-huh. Well, no, not all on the farm, because, uh, well, yes, I guess it was on the farm too, because he didn't move to town until, um, after I married. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you were what, fifteen? 370B: Oh, I was sixteen, and just a little over, my mother was only fifteen when she married. But I was sixteen and about two thirds, I'd reckon. Interviewer: How'd you meet your husband? 370B: Oh, well I had a brother, that, uh um, lived just above where they lived. They lived in the lower house, in one of my daddy's houses, they lived in my daddy's house, and, my brother lived in the other house just above the, where they lived. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: They were living in town, my husband was, but their daddy had a breakdown, and they had to get out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, so they moved out, this was just on the outskirts, and they were going in business out there. And, uh, so, I was staying with my brother, going to school in town, my daddy still lived in the Interviewer: #1 country. # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # But, uh, I had gone across the road, uh, just, the house just above where we were staying, to use the telephone. And I, walking down, from the hill, you know, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: and he was standing on this porch, uh, they had, uh, rented my, uh, daddy's store, Interviewer: #1 too. # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # And they, uh, was standing on the porch, he was, my husband now. And he looked up, and he said, well, who is that fat little girl coming down that hill? {NW} And so, he said he'd never, never sees me unless he thinks about it. Interviewer: Y'all have been married how long now? 370B: Fifty-six years. But, uh, I just passed him by, you know, and uh, he looked at me, I went on down to my brother's, and, which was just next door to the store, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: well, there was about a half a block in between the store and the house. And, um, so, he had to pass by in front, you see, going to his house, which was next door. And uh, he uh, would stop and speak, and all like that, and, ya know, he was just as red-headed as he could be, and I wondered who that red-headed boy was 'til I met him, and he wondered who that little fat girl was. {NW} But, uh, it was just too funny, uh, we got to be very close, and he never let anybody, um, know that he was caring anything about me, now I didn't let him know that I cared about him. So, uh, when my brother moved to Birmingham, well, uh, his mother ask my, my people, said, why don't you just let Alma come on up, and stay with us, and go to school, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: during the week? And, uh, said, we'll bring her home on Saturday. Well, uh, Papa said, well, I'll tell you what I'll do, said, I'll bring her up Monday morning, and then, uh, get her Satur- Friday afternoon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Well, Friday afternoon, Papa would always come for me, but on they wouldn't wait until Monday. They would come down after me Sunday afternoon. And, uh, so Mama asked me one day, she said, which one of those random boys are you liking? I said, well aw, I don't care anything about either one of 'em, or something like that. And she said, don't tell me they've come down here and get you every Sunday afternoon to go riding with 'em if they, one of those boys and you weren't interested in each other. So I just laughed, but anyway, his mother, and his father, and his sister and his brother, they would all come for me, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They come in a, a car? 370B: Uh, an automobile, they had an automobile, too. Well, we had one, but ours wasn't, uh, our, I think a Ford was the first kind we got. But anyway, they would come down and pick me up in an automobile, I think it was a {D:veelay}. It seemed to me like they used to have one that ca- that was called {D:veelay}. Anyway, um, we'd go to Montgomery, and they wouldn't even wait 'til I got out of church, they'd meet me down at the church, you know. Interviewer: What did you do about dinner? 370B: Well, we'd get dinner, you know, we'd, uh, either eat at their house, I either stop on the road and eat somewhere, wherever we were going, we would stop and eat. And, uh, so, they would always see that I sat on the front seat, you see, Tom would be driving, and I'd sit on the front seat by him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: But, uh, my mother-in-law and my daddy-in-law, I think, uh, were just about as crazy about me as Tom was, they was so anxious, they, they, I told Tom, I said, they knew what you, they were getting, they was getting a clerk in that store. And, but, I did help 'em out in the store some. And, but he, uh, show you way we did, cause, so there wouldn't be any talk, you know, people would talk Interviewer: #1 about # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # those days, now, if I, if they knew that Tom and I were crazy about each other and me staying there going to school, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: they, might have been some talk. But he went with other girls, all the time. #1 Oh, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Ooh, did that make you jealous? # 370B: Well, I didn't care too much, because I, I, felt like he was crazy about me anyway, he'd go with me on Sundays and things like that, the days that I really had, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: He was always with me. But one time, I never forget that, uh, his mother called me, and he, she said, Alma, said, I want you to do me a favor, I said, well, what is it? She said, well, Tom and some crazy boys are fixing to leave home. And said I'm, said, they're rough boys. And said, I know you're the only person that can keep him from going. And I said, oh, now Mrs. Riley, you know I can't do that, I said, I can't, I ain't got any strings on him, I can't ask him not to go. And she said, well, as a favor to me, will you ask him? So, uh, I just told him that, uh, I heard he was fixing to leave home, and, uh, I'd rather he wouldn't go, or something like that, you know. And, uh so, um, he didn't go. He did not go. I don't know whether I had anything to do with it or not, but she always thought I did. Interviewer: That's why you were her favorite. 370B: Yeah. Interviewer: Where were they gonna go? 370B: Oh, they were just going, just, take a trip somewhere, do something, you know, just, and she's afraid they would get into trouble. Because, you know, back then, they all wore guns, and all that kind of stuff, you know. It was kinda rough over there, and delivering groceries, and things like that, they delivered groceries back then, with a horse and wagon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And they were out all times of night, and there were just lots of meanness. And we had a lot of colored {D:trade}, too. And, uh, they were just, kinda, bad boys in a way, but, they, they weren't bad either. I don't know what you'd say, they were just Interviewer: {X} 370B: They, yeah, uh-huh, they had to take care of themselves. But, uh, I really, when she call me, I had, this is kinda, uh, late, but when she call me and ask me to do that, Tom and I were kinda on the outs. He had gotten mad with me, because, I was with another boy out at West Lake. And he was home sick. But, uh, I really, it was one of his friends, I didn't think anything about it, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And then, he had been, uh, uh, I don't where you'd say, uh, coming down to the church where I went, at night, uh, and had seen me go home with certain boys, and different things, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And he was kinda mad about that too, and he, we just, had, had gotten to where we, I was staying there going to school, but anyhow, uh, we weren't close, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: like we had been, and I told, uh, his mother, I said, well, you know, me telling him not to go wouldn't have any effect on him, because, I said, you know, Tom and I are not even, going together now, or something to that effect, and she said, well, I know one thing, I know you're the only one that can keep him from going. So, uh, from then on, we made up, you Interviewer: #1 see, by # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # me asking him not to go. And that was just too bad, you see what it led to, don't you? Interviewer: {X} 370B: {NW} But I thought that was right cute, her calling me and asking me to, please ask him not to go, said, I know you're the only one that can keep him from going. Interviewer: Well, apparently, it worked. 370B: Well, it, it worked alright, he didn't go. And I didn't go to school that, that winter, either. Interviewer: Oh, why? 370B: I, I always go, well, we got married. Interviewer: Oh, oh, yeah. 370B: I, uh, went to Tuscaloosa, my oldest sister lived in Tuscaloosa, and with Mama so many children, uh, she always, helped me get my clothes ready for school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: So I were down there, and she was helping me getting my clothes and all ready, but when I got back home, I never did go to school that winter, we got married instead. So I, I clerked in the store, these, you know, the next, well, we lived in that one house up there fifty years. Interviewer: In that same house? 370B: Well, right across the road from where, uh, we were in business, right there on the same street, but we did move across the road, in a bigger house and, um, we lived there, uh, fifty years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: My children all were born there. And, uh so, we've been out here now six years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: So, we've been married fifty-six years. Interviewer: That's a pretty successful courtship. 370B: Yeah, and you know why, uh, when we first married, uh, I, I've got some granddaughters now that's thinking about getting married. And I wouldn't advise them to get married at sixteen, like I did. Interviewer: Oh, really? 370B: Even though I worked out fine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: But we always lived in the house with his mother and father. Interviewer: Oh, really? 370B: We never lived to ourself. But, we had, uh a cook, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: we had a maid to clean up the house, and we had a maid to wash the clothes and iron. And then uh we had um one to look after the children. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And I worked in the store. Interviewer: #1 And # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # his mother and father worked in the store. And then we had, um, my sister and my brother, and a butcher, and, um another boy. George, uh Barksdale. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: All worked there. And I mean, we worked from the time we got up until, well, until grandmama and grandaddy got so old, they, uh, couldn't do very much, we started closing at six o'clock in the afternoon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: But others, uh, when they were, oh, six, fifty or sixty, maybe sixty-five years old, we stayed in that store, maybe, until ten, eleven o'clock at night. Interviewer: Mm. 370B: And, as long as you stay in a place, there will be people, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: regulars, just come in. And the ones that live right across the street, wait until just, when we got ready to close up, here they came, Interviewer: #1 you see. # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # So Tom told his daddy, he said, now listen, said, I'll tell ya. This is just getting me down, well, he had a heart attack, Tom did, and, uh, he said, we just gonna have to have regular hours. We'll open at, um, I think we opened at eight o'clock. And we're gonna close at six. But, uh, his daddy, uh, so used to these long hours, you know, when he first, uh, came to Bessemer, his daddy worked for Rosenbaum, in Bessemer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: They were Jews, and they had, uh, uh, just, they just sold, um oh, oh, Well, they'd just sell cloth, and stuff like that. Interviewer: Dry goods? 370B: Dry good stores. And, uh, so, you know, they stayed open kinda late, Interviewer: #1 and they would, # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # when, uh, grandaddy and them moved out there, like I said, he had this breakdown, and he had to, uh, he went in business for himself. And his boys, they, he took Tom and George out of school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, uh, they moved out there, in my daddy's store, and, uh, went into mercantile business. And he still believed in that, just driving, you know, like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: the Jews do, they really, they believed in making money. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And, I guess we did, have just about anything you would want, and, had the horses, and, uh, the girls could ride the horses, and all this, that, and the other, and, Interviewer: Did y'all have animals? The cows, and all that out there too? 370B: We had a cow, and we had, um, these horses, and we had chickens. But, uh, it got to where we didn't have time to take care of any chickens, we couldn't have any chickens, and we just still had the one cow, but grandaddy, grandmama milked her mostly. And, uh, but we did have, uh, {D:told} the last, I forgot how many horses we had, three, four horses out there though the girls, you know, could ride. And we would ride way out in the country, and I would never forget, one afternoon, Tom and I, I was always scared to death of a horse, but he just would have me go with him. And we were riding, and it was kinda in a swampy-like place, out in the woods, and the horse was going down, a little ditch or something, I don't know, anyway, I didn't know enough about it to hold the lines tight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And I just let him go, go on, and, I like to went over his head, you know. And Tom told me, said, you know what's wrong with you, said, you, that, said, chewing gum. Said, you just chewing that gum too fast, I was scared to death, and he tells everybody that, uh, I couldn't ride the horse for chewing my gum, I chewed it to fast and scared the horse to death, all that, but I think, uh, my girls really enjoyed themselves coming up, they were just tom-boys. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: They wore overalls, and they liked to fight, and, uh, they had lots of, oh, Lord, they had lots of, uh, narrow escapes fighting. I never forget, one of 'em was, red-headed. Interviewer: #1 Tommy, I mean, # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # not Tommy but, Mary Jane, Interviewer: #1 I get the name mixed up. # 370B: #2 Yeah, I remember Mary Jane. # Mary Jane had red hair and coming home from school, the boys would tell, um, call her redhead. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: She says, now if you call me redhead one more time, I'm just gonna beat your brains out. And, uh, so, uh, this little ol' boy, they, walking along and they got near a brick store, you know, and that was the wrong thing to have done. Uh, to have called her redhead that this brick store, so she grabbed that boy, and carried him over that store, and just began to butt his head against that, and as a man passed 'em, and, and he was scared to death, he ran up there, and he says, mister {D:Reinel}, said, do you know that redheaded girl of yours has got a boy down there, just beating his head against that store? And, uh, she said, well, said, uh, who's getting the best of her, said, is she taking care of herself alright? He said, oh yes, said, she's taking care of herself, but says, I'm afraid she's gonna kill that boy. And Tom said, well, you just leave 'em alone, says, they'll get along alright. Oh, just lots of, lots of things, and Alma Elizabeth, she, uh, was, uh, I've forgotten, which, which one now, it was either Tommy, or {D:Adele}, that some negroes down there in the alley had been, kinda, picking at them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: And, uh, so Alma Elizabeth just got her a big butcher knife, and went out there and sat down on that, um, {NS} uh, fence, we had, um, uh, yep what kind of a fence, anyway, it was made out of these, uh, concrete blocks, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. all the way around the front, and she'd sit out there, and she'd wait until these niggers would come out of the store, and she'd get after 'em, 370B: #1 oh, # Interviewer: #2 With a knife? # 370B: yeah, with that big knife, and she chased some of 'em all the down to the alley. And I was so afraid that she was gonna get killed, and the niggers would come, I said, mister {D:Reinel}, said, you've got to go after your daughter, she's got a big knife down there. {NW} So, {NW} oh, well, we didn't have any boys, now, I guess they all just had to be a boy, uh, Interviewer: Yeah. 370B: take care of themselves, and, and the others, too. Interviewer: I know your husband's a big hunter, did you ever do any hunting yourself? 370B: Oh, Lord, we used to close that store at night around eight, well it's on, on Saturday night, we would close a little bit earlier. And, uh, we would go out on the mountain, which was about, oh, I guess, five miles from where we lived out in the country, maybe a little farther than that. And we had, um, uh, fox dogs, and coon dogs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And we would go out, we had, um, uh, two or three couples that would go with us, and then, we {D:kept} the girls, too, you know. Interviewer: Oh, really? 370B: Part of 'em, uh, some of this happened after they were married, and some of it happened before they married, when they were home, they went hunting with us. But, um, toward the last, we, uh, made us a bed on the truck. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: We carried the dogs underneath, uh, had them a place, and then we had a little opening in there, and then we had a mattress, and springs, and everything on top of that. And then, we had a tarpaulin that we'd just fold over and make a, we could close it down, make it flat, or either, we could raise it up Interviewer: #1 and have # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # the roof. And we would go, and it would rain, and snow and be freezing cold, and we'd get up in there, and we had our blankets and our pajamas, and, if it was too bad to stay outside and listen to the dogs, we'd just put on our pajamas, and light a lantern, now. It looked like it would have taken all of the oxygen out of the air, but, the plenty of it got in. And we'd light that lantern, and it would keep us just as warm, and nice, and on the side of this big truck, we had a box that would open up, and we had a little cooking stove, and a coffee pot, and a frying pan, and we'd carry everything for our breakfast. And on Sunday morning, we would get up, and cook our breakfast, and eat, and then get in, time, get in, at home, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: in time to get dressed and go to Sunday school. Interviewer: Oh. 370B: And, uh, I'd go in my, my Sunday school class, and we'd carry whatever children that was too small, you know, Interviewer: #1 that # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # stayed at home, I dressed, I carried the babies on up. And, they'd say, um, well, uh, so and so and so and so, and I said, oh, yeah, we went out last night, and I said, we stayed all night and hunted all night, and then got back in, and dressed the children, and brought 'em to Sunday school. See, grandmama and them, we all lived together, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: and she would look after the children, Interviewer: #1 while # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # we went off, to hunt. Interviewer: #1 And, # 370B: #2 Ever get anything? # oh, we got more pleasure out of it than anything else, just the, you know, out in the woods, #1 with the, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 370B: uh, bacon and eggs, and all that kinda stuff, it just smelled so good, and when it's cold, you have a big, fire, and that, uh, pine wood burning, and all that. We just enjoyed it thoroughly. Interviewer: Mostly pine trees? See any other kind of trees out? 370B: Well, they had all kind of trees, but generally the pine tree was the one you would burn, Interviewer: #1 you see, # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # you'd find where an old tree had been, uh, um, blown over or something and rotted, but you'd get that pine rosin. and stuff it would {D:start}, it would cook, um, burn so Interviewer: #1 fast. # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # We used more pine trees in, in, uh, in making the fire. Interviewer: #1 And # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # I never will forget, we had an old negro that went with us just to fix the fire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, uh, grandaddy would go lots of times, and this one night particular, I remember, this old nigger was sitting there by the fire, and grandaddy would come up and he'd say, Mm, Mm, mm. And he'd look, all around, you know, and said, {D:directly} he'd say, mm, mm. {NW} He, I don't know if he thought it was a dog, or he if thought it was a varmint, or what, but he would just light out running, it was just. Grandaddy would scare him to death, and even after we got home, he would come around the store, you know, doing little odd jobs and things like that, grandaddy would get behind him, and say, mm, mm. Oh, lord, I guess at, and he was, oh, I guess he was seventy years old, just about it, Interviewer: #1 when he was, # 370B: #2 At that time? # yeah, at that time. Now, Alma Elizabeth can tell you all about going hunting, and, and, falling down, and all this, that and the other, I remember, when we'd go, uh, coon hunting, we'd go in different, we wouldn't go way up on the hills, and all, you know, Interviewer: #1 we'd, # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # kinda in a swampy-like place. And we'd, uh, B.I.'s first wife, Grace MacDaniel. Uh, she and I, me, I worked at the store, and she did too, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: So she and I would always carry us a little lunch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, uh, I never, this night particular, we had on boots that would come up to the knee, rubber boots. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Because it was swampy-like, you know. And mine were just a little bit too big, or too heavy, one, I don't know which, but I would, uh, catch the, the toe of my shoe on a log, and down I'd go. So, uh, the boys had already gone off ahead of us, and we were just trying to keep up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: So, we finally got out, and, Grace and I talked it over, she said, well, I'll tell you what let's do, let's just sit down here and eat this lunch, so we won't have to carry that. {NW} So we sat out on the side of the road, and we had crackers and boiled eggs, and, I don't know what all we didn't have, but we ate, ate it up, Interviewer: #1 so we'd # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # just throwed the other stuff away, so we didn't have to carry it. Interviewer: Enough with the boots, huh. 370B: Yeah. Oh, I just couldn't stand those boots. But you couldn't get around, if you didn't have 'em on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Because it was slushy and wet, you know, and you'd get cold, too. Interviewer: #1 But we, # 370B: #2 You always hunt during the wintertime? # winter and summer, yeah, it wouldn't make any difference, we'd just put on, uh, sheepskin cloak, uh coat, lined cloaks, that they had back then, and, build fires, if we slowed down long enough, you know, we'd build a fire. And, uh, make camp, as they called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: So, uh, it didn't make any difference, it, it was cold, or if it was warm, we had a good time anyway. Interviewer: Well, that's the important thing. What other things did you do for entertainment? 370B: Besides, uh going hunting? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: Well, we worked all the time, from daylight 'til dark, and on Sunday, we went to, um, church, and then maybe in the afternoon, we'd take the children and ride down to Montgomery, or, just around places where they could see different Interviewer: #1 things. # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # And just outings, that's, that's about all I can remember now, we just worked. Course, we, they had the horses, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: that they rode, but, um, from Monday morning 'til Saturday night, I'm, nearly Sunday morning, if we didn't go hunting, why, we just worked in the store all the time. Now the girls, they just, went where they want to, they never did work in the store much. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: They had their, uh, different things that they did, but, uh, we always worked, grandmama and grandaddy and Tom and I. They, we butchered our own cattle, too, you know. Tom and, and B.I., and, um, we had, uh, two or three others hired, a negro and, um, George Barksdale and different ones, they'd all help, too. And, uh, we had our own slaughter pen. And, they would just, um, have it opened right on into the sewer, so we didn't have any trouble there, they killed, after closed the store at around six or more. They would go down then and butcher cattle for the next day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And I never will forget, uh, one time during the Depression, we had been closed, for, oh, I don't know, we even went out, we had a farm, and we went out on this farm, when Alma Elizabeth was a baby, and, uh, raised tomatoes, and had a cow, and, oh, I don't know what all. Anyway, we decided we'd open the store back up, when it got just a little better. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And we had another farm, uh, in Bibb County, that had, um, corn, they had made meal, you know, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: and they had sweet potatoes, and, uh, sorghum syrup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, we decided that we'd go back in business, so when we first started back, we had this sorghum syrup, and the, uh- {NS} Interviewer: This is tape two, Nancy {B} {X} interviewing Mrs. Alma {B}. 370B: Well, I've forgotten just exactly where I, Interviewer: You were talking about slaughtering the animals. 370B: Oh, yes, they had the, uh, the slaughter house. Well, oh, I know, we were going back in business. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, uh, they went out and slaughtered these cattle, and we sold steak at ten cents a pound, and stew meat at a nickel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And that, uh, these, uh, potatoes, and syrup, and meal was about all we had to sell, besides this steak and stew meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And the first day we opened, they were lined up about two blocks, they couldn't get in the house, and we had one, let's see, Tom and Mr. {D:Edgewood} and, uh, George Barksdale, and grandmama and I, we, all of us were working. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, we couldn't fill the orders. Uh, for the five m-, five cent steak and ten, ten cent steak and five cent stew meat. Interviewer: #1 And that was # 370B: #2 Gosh I can't # all over town, you know, and everybody in, in Bessemer came over, I know, and, uh, I've forgotten just how many cows and all they did kill, but we really did start off with a bang. Interviewer: I guess so. 370B: And, uh, I can remember when we sold, uh, a dozen eggs and a pound of bacon for a quarter, just lots of times. Interviewer: {X} again? 370B: Yeah. Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Mr. Tom {B}, the husband of Mrs. Alma {X} {B}, is more familiar with the techniques used in slaughtering the animals, and he has volunteered to give us a talk on how it was done. Give us a little talk on how it was done. This is Alma Elizabeth {B} {NS} Aux: -other words, it was in about nineteen twelve and thirteen, and, uh, there was a fellow named {D:Jail} {B} that traded with us there, {NW} and he was a cattle man and slaughtered {D:cows}. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: And, of course, George and myself we would, uh, finish our work, {X} delivering and all, and work all night and day, too, and just everything out. Then when we would finish, when we were through, then for about two weeks, until the next payday, and, of course, we'd do most anything we wanted to, we hunted and fished, and, and also, we went with {D:Baker}, helped cattle and got interested in that slaughter. Well then, uh, we'd buy those cattle from the farmers, and we didn't, uh, that is, didn't have beef, except on Saturdays. Didn't have any refrigeration back in those days, and we, everybody knew we'd have fresh beef on Saturdays, so we would go get a cattle, and we'd carry it to the woods, {X} just hacked and {X}. We'd carry it to the woods, you know, and we had a tree, and we generally had a certain point in each community, where we could, generally did our butchering, which was close to a stream of water, so we could get water, and then, so we'd carry that cattle out, and we, instead of knocking 'em down, like a lot of 'em did with a hammer, we all u- ways used a thirty-eight special, in other words pistol, and we'd shoot 'em down. And, uh, then we would, uh, uh, cut their throat, and then cut those two arteries in there, and bleed 'em good. And that way you bleed 'em and getting all the blood out of the meat, you see, so that, in other words, you won't get {X}. Well then, of course, after that cattle had died, well then, we would, uh, have chunks, that we'd pick up in the woods, there, and we'd turn the cattle right, up on its back, and then we would take his chunks and put 'em onto the side, so it would hold it up. So then we would start in and we'd skin the head out, and course with two of us working, skin the head out, skin the feet out, cut the hide right around the hocks, and skin them on down, and slip on down into the breast, the bone, or the brisket, you might call it, on back to the back. And then up each leg, and then we'd take that hide right off of each leg, and then down the sides, when we got it down the side, well then, we had a singletree. And we'd take the singletree, {NW} and, uh, hook it, in the back liters, in the legs, and then we would, uh, had a rope and blocks, wasn't any chains and blocks that time, it just ropes and blocks. And you had to man it up, well we wasn't large enough to man it up, so we would have to unhitch the horse, and take the horse and hitch him to the singletree, if we had another singletree, we would hitch him to the rope, on these blocks and rope, and then we would pull that cattle up to the height that we wanted it. And then of course, tight. Well then, that, uh, tree, or the bush, or whatever might be there, uh, lots of time, we made this horse hold it, 'til we could strip that hide on down. And then we'd strip that hide on down, as far as, we wanted to go, and then we would put it up high, {NW} and we got it up high enough, we'd take that entire hide off. Well then, when we took that hide off, of course, then we would cut the, uh, open that cattle up, you might call it, that is, the brisket we had sorted, or, before we ever lifted the cattle, for, because it has to be sawed. And then, of course, behind, between the hind legs, there, we would bring our cut down to there, and we had to use the saw there again, to break that bone between those hind legs, and then, we opened the cow up, well then, when we opened the cow up, then took the, the- we called it the punch, some people called it the trap, some of 'em call it the stomach, but when we took all of that out, you see, and then we got that out of the way, well then, of course, we'd come on down and we'd, then took the heart, and the lungs, and all out, the throat, the, uh, hey, you might say, the {X}, all out, and we'd take that on out. Well then, of course, we were close to a spring there, we'd roll us a stomach, or a punch, or a trap, or whatever you want to call it, out of the way, and then, one of us would open that up and dump it out. Well, we sold that. We also so-sold a heart, and the lights, and which we called lungs, was lights, and, uh, we sold the liver, and, uh, that melt in there, which is on the punch, there's, uh, lot of people would buy that. And we'd sell out four to five if we could, and then, of course, we would, um, rinse that trap off, and, as I said before, and we'd sell that, and then we'd get a bucket of water, and {D:vash} it in there and get the rest of the blood out of the cavity of the cow that we'd opened, or the cattle, then the next thing was to do, was to cut it down with a saw, and we used a regular, in those days, you didn't have any saws and {D:tubes} like you got now, and we used a regular handsaw. And, uh, we would cut that cattle down. Of course, I was getting a little bit ahead of it there, as we would {D:raise} this cattle, as we took a hide off, and took this punch and all out, we would cut that on down, so that it wouldn't be too high for us, and then, a lot of time, we had a step ladder that we'd use, and now, we'd cut that cattle down, and then, when we got that all cut down, of course, we had a sheet spread in the hack, and then, we would, uh, take a front quarter off, in other words, we'd pull it up high enough where, when it swagged down, that the other front quarter wouldn't touch the ground, or either one of use would hold it, and, so then, we'd take that front quarter off, and we'd, you had to, uh, cut, uh, we counted down two ribs on the hind quarter, two of the ribs, and that's where we did our cut. And we made that through there, and we cut that backbone in two, which there was a half a backbone at that time, and took that front quarter off, put it in the hack. then proceeded with the same {X} the other front quarter, and put it in a hack, then we left these hind quarters down, and we'd put them in there, and then we'd cover it all with a sheet. We used, white sheets is what we used in those days, and then, we would put the other parts, the liver, and the tripes, and the lights, and the, melt, {X} heart, and then we'd put them in there, and then we would take the hide, put it in a sack, and, uh, we'd get our tackle and our blocks up, put 'em in the wa- in the hack. And then we were ready to go, and we'd come on into town. And we generally did this late in the afternoon, on account of refrigeration, we didn't have it, didn't wanna keep it over, on account of flies, and so forth, so we would, do that late in the afternoon, and then we'd take that beef in and hang it {X} he said, well, I want a chunk of beef. Well, we'd cut him off a chunk of beef, sell it to him. And, uh, they were glad to get it, they'd carry it right on home, they didn't have any refrigeration, so then they began to cook it. And there they cooked it. But on {D:yearlings}, we didn't have much trouble with {D:yearlings}, we could handle them pretty good. {X} The nearest I remember this other was back in nineteen thirteen and fourteen, and then, in nineteen twenty-six. We had started buying cattle quite a bit over the country, of course, operating businesses, too. One of the {X}, when I was fifteen, George was thirteen, and, uh, then we, uh, operated these businesses in food, cattle, and whatnot, and then, in nineteen twenty-six, well, it getting to be a pretty good demand for beef, back at that time, so, that was when I put in the first refrigeration that I had, which was a large cooler. And, uh, which was, uh, six by eight was the size of it, and I remember that, for a first refrigeration we had, was a Kelvinator compressor with brine tanks in the top, they hadn't come out with the coils, at that time, and we had large brine tanks in the top of that cooler, where we were supposed to use ice, they had, it was made to use ice in, takes a ton of ice at a time, you had to fill it about twice a week, which was mighty expensive ice at that time, it would get, uh, nearest I remember, they were getting thirty-five cents a hundred for ice. And, uh, they run pretty expensive, when you {X} twice a week. So, they put that out, put on there with those brine tanks, on the top of that Kelvinator machine, and we'd have good refrigeration, then. That about, {NW} it cut our expense down to about seven dollars and a half a month to operate it, and we would put our beef in there, but then, we didn't have any display cases like we've got now, the first display cases come out was iced from behind it wasn't refrigerated. And, uh, then we, of course, uh, had a slaughter pen, well, I'm getting a little ahead of it there, the first slaughter pen that we had was on top of {D:sage} mountain. We used a {D:wall} tree up there to hang a cattle {D:here}. Then, later on, well, uh, along about, uh, twenty, twenty- five, or twenty-six had come down to Morgan, and I had a place down there, and I built a slaughter pen, now it was a vat outside, which was a big old vat about twenty by twenty {X} got lots of this hard work about the cattle, and in other words, we would lead 'em in there, and knock the cattle down, and then, uh, bleed it, and, uh, this blood then run into this trough, and on out into this vat on the other side, where we had a bunch of hogs in the hog pen out there, and these hogs, them fit on that- {X} And then, we turned the cattle up in that trough- {X} We would just {X} that cattle right up in that slaughter pen, and go pursue the process of dressing it, and then, when we took those, uh, entrails and so forth out, well, we saved the liver at that time, and the heart, and all the rest of it tripe, so- and, all went into this vat on the other side, we {D:latched}, had a trap door there, and we just opened the trap door, just shoot 'em out right on into the vat, and that's where the {D:hog, he'd be}. I think at that time, we had seventy-five hogs in that pen. And I said pen, in that pasture, which fifteen acres, and those hogs stayed fat {X} {X} Interviewer: {X}? Aux: That's right, that was in Morgan. And, uh, then, uh, we started in the, what you might say, the {X} Man, we sold meat at all the markets, and so forth, that had put in refrigeration over town, sold at different stores; we even sold some of the, uh, chains that we have today, we sold them meat. And, uh, then, {X} look after Nashville, and then we built a slaughter pen. And George, at that time, had gone up to {X} and opened up up there, and he {X} down there where I was, {X} and so forth, and was very conveniently arranged, {NW} of course, we had running water in Morgan, but I had to use a battery genera- a b-, a generator and a battery system there for electricity to run the pump, and so forth, but after we come to town, well then, of course, we had electricity there, and we built our slaughter pen up there, and we'd, at first, we did use the basement, under the {D:stove, which} concrete floor, we, uh, put in a sewer drain there, which went down to the sewer, and we butchered {NW} lots of calves, and goats, and hogs there, and then I built a slaughter pen up there, on the back of the lot, and we killed lots of cattle, where we averaged, probably averaged around thirty-five head a week. It was running over the block, here, {NW} beside what we were selling on the other side. And, uh, then, of course, out of necessity then, holding all this, uh, blood and other stuff, all, from there, from the slaughter pen, and we had a big barrel, that we'd put that in. And, uh, those barrels, {NW} we'd fill them up, and then, uh, we would load those barrels on a truck, and, uh, in fact, we had a trap door in there, that we'd just shove those barrels right out on the truck, then we'd carry 'em to the woods and dump 'em. And, uh, right out in the woods, of course, that made mighty good eating for wild {D:hogs}. 370B: But you sold all the hides, I remember- Aux: Oh, {NW} the hides, uh, they would pile up, what I mean, we'd take those hides, and we'd salt them down. Had to take him, uh, just, uh, raw salt, putting it on the inside of the hide, that keeps it from, uh, uh, deteriorating, uh, from a hair turning loose from it, and from a hide's decaying, you'd, and then we'd put 'em in barrels, and that created a brine, which would hold those hides in for months and months. And we generally held those hides until we had about, we generally sold 'em when we had around forty barrels of hides, apiece, he had forty and I'd have forty, and we'd have trailer trucks coming in, pick 'em up. But anyhow, those barrels would turn out about, uh, nearest I remember, around three hundred and fifty pound of hides to the barrel, which was quite a few hides, when you figure on forty barrels of 'em, you know. And we sold 'em, we sold 'em to a {D:concern} in Memphis, sometime, we'd sell 'em to a {D:concern} in Nashville, and a time, we'd {X}. It just depended on where we got the best prices. Generally, in those days, the prices was running around four to six cents. And we did get up as high as eight cents a pound, sometimes more. Interviewer: The day that y'all {X} the pigs, the hogs that you killed, you know, {X} how many did you average? Aux: What, the hogs? Well, it depended on the man, now, you take on the Fourth of July, {X} unlimited number, a number, that one Fourth of July we had the cooler for, and I had him to bring 'em from a farm I had over in Shelby County, which I was running on a free-range of cattle and, uh, goats, and so forth, and I had him bring seventy-five head of goats in, and, uh, then I told him, when they went after those goats, to be sure to bring up big ol' billy, been, ran up, knocking the cows down one day. In other words, cows rub a head against a leg, a front leg, you know, and that old goat thought you wanted to fight, and he'd up, knock her down, well, I brought those seventy-five head in, with that big old billy goat, and, uh, put 'em out a lot, but we had already, then, uh, had the cooler full of goats, and pigs, and {X}. Well, on the Fourth of July, that is, on the third of July, was when they generally started to buy that, well, of course, we bought lemons, and people used lots of lemons, at that time, well, there wasn't as many outlets, there wasn't as many stores, then, as there is now, we had that entire district, back over there. So, uh, I put him to killing those goats, and, uh, we sold out up in the store, and he was pushing those in from the back, and by four o'clock, we didn't have a piece of goat meat or pigs either, I don't remember just how many, uh, {D:salts} we had, but we were selling those goats at that time, just, at ten cents a pound. On halves, or either whole, and then we were selling the {D:shokes} at the same price, the pigs, which would run around sixty, seventy, eighty pounds apiece, we were selling them for ten cents a pound {D:ribs}. And, uh, so, by four o'clock, we were out of goat meat, and pig meat too, and the lemons had sold out, and all the, uh, barbecue salts, we just sold entirely out of everything we'd get hold of on Fourth of July, that way. Well, there was a fellow coming in, say he want some goat meat, and I told him, I said, now, we've sold out of goat meat, he said, {X} says, I wanna see 'em, I say, well alright, let's go look at it, {X} all up to {D:Phil}, who'd butchered {X} {X} {D:probably} just a few months, because he was an expert, I'd trained him from time he was a kid, and he had that goat dressed and ready to go, and brought it on up there, and, it seems to me, that that goat weighed around seventy-five pounds, dressed, nearest I remember, and now, a pretty good {D:size goat}. And, uh, so, uh, {X} I just had to ask him about that goat, and well I put it off about two weeks, and finally, I just waited a long {X} ask him, I said, {X} {X} you are, oh, we had a big time, I said, well, do you have plenty to eat, he said, yeah, I said, well, what about the goat? He said, that was the finest meat you ever eat, and I guess he was all full of moonshine, {X} {X} We went along with {X} until {X} {X} And, uh, first- {X} {X} and when that ration started, {X} {X} They stopped everybody from selling meat in that district, except George and myself. And, uh, I didn't think it was fair, at the time, to stop 'em from selling meat. But anyhow, I, I, I went up to the office up there, and I ask him, I said, I understand you put regulations on everybody except us, and, I wanna know the reason why. And he said, well, says, uh, the people have got to have meat to eat, and says, uh, you all can keep 'em satisfied down there on it until we can get these regulations straightened out. And I said, well, now, uh, how do you want us to operate, and he said, well, just like you been doing, so we did. Then finally, when they got the regulations straightened out, there was one that pinched down on us, and, uh, they, uh, that was just as they was getting 'em straightened out. And they pinched down on us, and when they did, we shut our coolers down, and stopped butchering altogether, and varnished our coolers inside, and just quit selling meat. Then they come down there and wanna know why we quit, and we told 'em, on account of regulations, in other words, we, uh, were keeping up with it pretty close, and we didn't see how we gonna be able to operate under the regulations that they had been. So they, then, uh, told us to, uh, continue, then, as we had been. I said, well, you'll have to write us a letter to that effect, because we don't do anything on what you might say, we have to have it in black and white, and when you write us that letter, giving us, uh, the privilege to go ahead, then probably we'll consider it. And so, they said, well, they would, but they didn't. And then they call upon me, come into the office, and George and myself went in there. So when we got there, well then, they told us they wanted us to go back to operating like we'd been operating, so we went out and got {D:B.C. Apperson} and, uh, oh, in other words, I got a couple of fellows, {D:B.C. Apperson and Lane} Fitzpatrick, I believe it was, to go in there with us, and I told, told- {NW} told 'em it's, uh, I should be able to recall that attorney's name, but I can't right now, {X} was one of 'em that was in there and, uh, and now, I-I told 'em, I said, uh, well, what I want you to do, now, is make a statement to me like you did a few minutes ago, He said, well, you got you some witnesses, I said, I certainly have, I said, you wouldn't write me a letter to that effect, and, I said, I'm not taking your word for it. That was a little ol' attorney named {D:Gilmas} was his name, and I said, uh, I want a letter to that effect. And, uh, I-I want these witnesses to hear what you've got to say, because if we have to go into court, I want some witnesses to have, to prove what you have told me. So he did, he made his, uh, I saw that it didn't make him feel too good, but he made his statement, well then, of course, we started back into the meat business. We started our {NW} slaughtering back, and then started our coolers up, got them ready, and started in the meat, and kept the meat going. But they made it so rough on us that, uh, what I mean by that is, through grading. For instance, if you take a cattle at just fifty-five percent is pretty good cattle, what I mean, it's what I would call a choice. And, uh, uh, but, uh, they'd come in and they would, uh, grade that, uh, {NW} uh, commercial, or either, they'd grade it a cutter, which is, a cutter is, uh, what we used to call a canner, or a boner. And they'd, they'd put the grades on there, and then, we had to then, uh, put the price on 'em according to the grades that they'd put on this meat. Which, uh, was nearly impossible to sell meat according to the grades, they could {D:handle you} in that way, and one if one would question of whether we would get the price, one would question whether we were getting too much, because, uh, steak at that time was selling around thirty-five, forty cents a pound, which, uh, wasn't too much, and the people were satisfied, but they'd come in there and put the grades on there, well, they'd cut us down on our prices so that we could not operate. So that was then when we had another flare up there, and we, of course, they had let other people, the other markets begin to handle a little meat, was left a few of the {X} a little meat. But that was when another flare up come, and we we shut down our coolers again, and we had quite a controversy during that time, in other words, uh, one thing after the other, and, uh, {NW} then another thing was, they got us there, {NW} they talking about gas shortage and so forth, and on, uh rationing gas for us, they'd ration us just enough gas to operate on three hours, every Monday morning. And, uh, gasoline, {NW} they were talking about gasoline, fifty cents a gallon, I paid fifty cents back then, in other words, I had to, I had to buy the gasoline, and I had to, on top of that, I had to file the rationing stamps. And I bought the rationing stamps, and I paid twenty-five cents a gallon for rationing stamps, twenty-five cents a gallon for gasoline, so my gasoline back then was going up to fifty cents a gallon. And those things went on, we had quite a bit of trouble there with that, and at times, well, beef, {NW} there'd be a big demand on the market, and we worked it both ways, we worked at selling on foot, and also slaughtering. And whichever way there was the most money, now, I remember, uh, at one time, that, uh, beef got a pretty good price, on foot, bringing eight, eight and a half cents a pound, on foot. And, uh, we would, uh, haul 'em in and, uh, sell 'em, uh, on the market. It took time. All night and day, I, uh, in other words, there wasn't any cattle by us to amount to anything over the district, there was no radios to keep 'em posted on the prices, as they had these cattle in the country, and they had free-range. And, {NW} you know, that's another thing, talking about that free-range, uh, we'll get into that in just a minute, but anyhow, they had free-range, and had all these cattle, back in there on that grass, well, they would, uh, didn't have any place they could sell 'em, oh, they could sell one sometime, but very seldom. And I remember I went into Marvel, and there never been a cattle buy, and that that was {D:coal mine camp}, and, uh, when I drove in there, well, with that cattle truck, in fact, we were the first to ever haul cattle, that is, transporting cattle on trucks, we generally, before that, we used to {D:drove 'em} in other words, ride through the country, and I got ahead of it a little bit there, but anyhow, the way we'd do that, we would, uh, get on our horses, and we would ride to a certain point. And as we'd go along, we'd tell these people that we'd be back through there on a certain day, and they have their cattle up, if they ever wanted to sell. Then, we'd drive to the end of the drive, where we were gonna start. And then, we'd start back, well, we'd buy cattle at the first one, and then I'd ride on in front, on my horse, and contact the next, uh, farmer, and buy his cattle, and have him ready to turn in the herd, and the boys would bring 'em on behind. And so on, until we got back into town, in other words, we'd go out, and then we'd come back and cover our territory, after, and we'd buy those cattle and bring 'em on in. And then we'd have to drove them into market, but anyhow, uh, later on, we got to hauling in trucks, and I believe {D:it though}, when we started hauling in trucks, it was nineteen twenty-six, was the first cattle that was hauled on, in trucks. And this time that I'm talking about driving into Marvel, was nineteen twenty-eight. That, uh, I drove into Marvel there, and that {X} country was full of cattle, and they had no place to sell 'em. And it, uh, wasn't long, buying a truckload, and then, before I could get out of there, I bought two more truckloads, and had 'em to have 'em up, and then I started in hauling cattle out of Marvel. I hauled cattle out of Marvel, night and day, then, for, I know it was the month of October, of nineteen twenty-eight. that I hauled cattle night and day, just didn't stop, just kept hauling. And I was carrying 'em in, and putting 'em on the market, because I was getting so many of 'em, I couldn't, wasn't any way to handle 'em, {X} my part, and I had to neglect that, then, and, handle this situation. 370B: I can vaguely remember, you and grandaddy, how you had the big, wooden canes, that- Aux: Yeah, in other words, uh, those ca-, those sticks was walking sticks, those hickory walking sticks, and they was big enough to knock a cow down with, 370B: That you used, Aux: Of course, uh, I was pretty good with a rope, and, uh, was raised, you might say, with one, and I could rope 'em any way they was going, they'd make 'em do it where they were running, or which away, but anyhow, we were what you might call, back in those days, and what they have in these fiction books now that you read, we were cowboys. And we'd get up in the mornings, well, we would start to dress, well, when we would put on our pants and buckle our, uh, belt buckle, well, we reached and got our, gun and put it in a scabbard, and we'd, what with it, we never had a gun out of hand's length at any time, as I said back there, that, uh, things wasn't, uh, exactly the same as they are today. And, uh, people were a little bit, uh, easier to, fly off the handle, and when he flew off the handle, he didn't know anything to do but just to shoot, or either, hit, and so you had to be ready. And the man that got by, in those days, was the man just a little bit faster than the other, the little slow ones all went out there, in the slow drive, out to the cemetery, but, uh, if you was just, if you was good enough, you stayed here. And, uh, we, uh, of course, in buying those cattle, as I said, and hauling 'em in, And the earliest I remember, that all those cattle that I bought in Marvel and was hauling them, I was selling them, at that time, at six cents a pound, on foot. And, uh, finally, they did go up to eight, on good cattle, now, of course, canners, what we'd call canners today, like you'd call, you'd, uh, utilities, uh, that's the, this commercial yeah, utility, I believe it- one name they had for canners. You couldn't sell one of them, in those days, because there wasn't anybody that could use that, you know, they didn't make so much bologna and wieners, and stuff like that, and sausage, in those days, and they'd had to be pretty good beef, cause they had to cut it up to sell it, and you saw what you got, but if it is stale, they could throw a little soybean meal in it, at least it was back then, They just threw, uh, potato meal in it, and they made up s-, uh, sausage, they made up wieners, and they made up bologna, and so forth, and then people will eat it, as they do today. But anyhow, back then they didn't have it, and, uh, those canners just stayed out there, and they either got fat or died in the woods, one or the other, because people just didn't buy 'em. Now we only bought for choice beef, back at that time. 370B: In {D:dressing} the, the hogs out where you boiled the water, and, Aux: Well, all those hogs, we'd buy those hogs and bring 'em in, lots of time, you bought a load of cattle and loaded hogs under 'em, you know, and bring 'em in, but the hogs, of course, we would, uh, we never did use a hammer, as a lot of people did, in knocking cattle down, we always used a thirty-eight special, because it was always handy, we had it right there, and then shooting the hogs, we'd, we used our thirty-eight special on them, and, uh, cattle the same way, but anyhow, we- 370B: You'd have to stick your hog- Aux: Well, we'd shoot that hog and knock him down. Well, the old-timey way of cutting a hog's throat was straight across, but that is the wrong way to cut a, a hog's throat, or a cattle. In other words, we made, we finally got to this point, when we got a little farther along, and that, we would slit, uh, instead of cutting, we'd slit down, and then reach in there and cut those arteries on each side, so that they'd bleed freely, sometimes those arteries would plug on the end, and we'd have to reach in there and get it again and cut it, but you'd you would {X} a cattle, to see that it bled good. And we'd, uh, course had, on these hogs, we also had these pots with water heating. And boiling, and ready for {D:scaling}, and when I said boiling, that water's got to be right, there's such a thing as having it too hot, and there's such a thing as having it too cold. Well, on a ordinary-sized hog, we used a barrel, generally, and had it {D:slim}, and we'd pour hot water in there, and we'd pick that hog up, put him down in there, and turn him over and over, and then we'd pull him out and {D:turn and change end with him}, put the other down there, and then out on a board, generally, of course, afterward, we had concrete floors, but out on a board in olden times, old {D:ore} was one of the best things I ever saw, and you'd have to pull him right on out, and take the hair off of it. Then, when you took the hair off of him, and of course, you hung him, and then you slit him down, and then you, slit him down, I mean open him up, cut him down, and take the entrails and all out, and then you took a bucket of water, and throwed it in there, and rinsed that hog out good, and then let him hang, and generally, it was always best to do this butchering, if you could have it in, kinda cool weather. In other words, the meat does better, and it, it gets harder, and firmer, and so forth, and it's easier to cut. It's awful hard to cut, uh, hot meat, in other words, you, it's got to be chilled a certain extent, that's one thing, where refrigeration come in so nice, was chilling this meat, so that you could cut it. And, uh, these hogs were a little bit, uh, unhandy to handle, and what I mean by it, more so work than there was in the cattle. But, uh, we then, of course, cut that hog up. Generally, we just, uh, sold the whole hog, in the hack, or whatever we had, or the, whatever we was traveling in, or, and, and hanging 'em in the cooler. We, uh, hung the whole hog in the cooler, lunchtime, {D:there} after we got coolers, and let him chill out good, before we opened him up, but most meat in those days, now, you hear about meat being aged, now, you, aged, that's about all you hear. But back in those days, when you {D:were buying} how much we were gonna sell, and, uh, we killed accordingly, and, uh, that meat moved, it didn't have time to age. Generally, they, uh, the meat that you killed, you generally moved that meat in from twenty-four to thirty-six hours. Interviewer: {X} in the early thirties, you was having steak, too? Aux: Well, uh, now, uh, Interviewer: {X} Aux: I was kinda getting ahead of it there, I know that I was talking of, uh, bringing those cattle from Marvel, {NW} we brought those cattle, I bought those down in there and hauled 'em out, and that was nineteen twenty-eight. And things were mighty good, cattle was bringing eight, eight cents a pound. Of course, in, in the cattle business, that a way, you accumulate, and get on hand, generally, uh, a bunch of yearlings, and so forth, that you don't run through, and, uh, lots of times, you leave 'em in the country, and, uh, then you can pick 'em up, later on, in other words, I didn't, I, I lost very few that way, I remember one time, I was buying a load of cattle, and the fellow wouldn't sell me the load unless I'd buy a calf, and I bought the calf from him, and I ask him, I said, how much you gonna want for that calf, he said, I got to have two dollars for him, I said, well I don't want the calf, he said, well I won't sell you the other cattle, I said, well I'll just buy the whole thing, uh. And bought the calf, and we put him in the truck, well we went on up the road, stopped up there to pick up a cow that I'd bought, and the little ol' calf got out. And I told, uh, fellows with me, and one who was helping me, I said, just let that calf go, {D:it was five dollars}, I didn't wanna feed that calf, I said, just let it go. And so, we loaded this cow and come on in, well then, the following year, which was long in the fall, oh, the latter part of the fall, he come in, he picked up cattle around for me quite a bit then, and he come in, and he says, you know that's a nice heifer, out yonder now, that- I said, whatever you talking about, he said, the one that that calf got out over at that place, over there, near Banford, said, you remember when we was loading that cow over there and that calf got away, and I said, yeah I do. He said, well that heifer, says, she is really grown, says, she'd right there, and that, says, she still comes up to that house, well, there was plenty of grass, and there was open range, and nobody was bothered. And, so then, uh, we went over there, well, we was passing there one day, and I told her, uh that is, told him, I said, where'd you say that heifer was, he said, out here. Well, we went out there, and the cattle had come up, and that heifer was really, pretty, weighed about, between four-fifty to five hundred pounds, and it, been right there with that fellow's cattle, he hadn't fed it a thing, it'd just run on the open range, and that's getting back to the open range, now, something I was gonna tell you about the open range, uh, you know, back in days gone by, these, uh, people living back in the country, and in the mountains, and all, well, they had goats, and they had sheep, and they had hogs, and they had cattle. And, they, {D:well} I thought, farmed, and they were living. Well, the thing went along, and you know, uh, they passed, uh, the stock law. And after they'd passed the stock law, the stock law, as we call it, was, uh, you had to keep your cattle up, keep 'em in a fence, you couldn't let 'em run on open range. And, uh, so, they passed that stock law, and, uh, the people had to do away with the cattle, they had to do away with the hogs, and do away with the sheep, and the goats, and so forth, in the country. First thing you knew, they were up against it, they didn't have anything to eat, didn't have anything to wear, either, well, I often wondered, well, {X} was, what brought it about first, was they all started in, then, was when they started in to making {D:liquor}, making whiskey, and, as we call moonshine. {NW} And they started selling moonshine. Well, of course, that wrecked the whole situation, the people, and all the family life, and so forth, hav-, making that liquor and having it around there all the time, and that whiskey, and having the crowds around there, that would come and get it, and so forth. Still, lots of 'em held their principles up, quite a bit. But it was always a question to me, why, that that younger generation coming along, {NW} couldn't make a living like the older generation did, why they couldn't take care of their families. So, I was, uh, making a delivery one day, carrying a fellow named Oscar Tyler home, and we were talking. Oscar live back in the mountains there, and Oscar was a distiller at that time, and he had, two kids and his wife, and they were having a terrible time getting along. Well, when we got to the top of the hill, {NW} top of the mountain there, started off down in the valley, Oscar says, uh, you know, Mr. Randall, says, do you know that, uh, Pa raised twenty-six of us down in this valley, here, and he says, you know, we had plenty to eat, {NW} we had plenty clothes, and says, we never did want for anything. He says, you know, I got a wife and two children, and said, I can't make 'em a living. And says, I'm, I-I'll tell you, it's just hard for me to get by. And, uh, he says, you know, but when, uh, when Ma needed any shoes for us, or any clothing, or whatever it might be, says, she'd tell Pa, said, you gonna have to go in tomorrow and get so many yards of cloth, and so many pair of shoes, and so many pair of stockings, and, you gonna have to have some coffee, and you gonna have to have some sugar, you see, they raised everything else there, says, then that afternoon, late, just before dark, said Pa would have us to get out there, and get up two or three kid goats, and get up a {X} or two, a pig or two, and said, get a yearling up, and said, we'd get 'em out there, and say, you know, we'd kill 'em, and said, we'd dress 'em, and said, let 'em hang 'til next morning, at daylight, and said, then, we'd get out there, and cut 'em down, and, uh, he had his hack out, and we'd cut it up, cut that meat up, had a big ol' block there, and we'd cut it up, and put it in there on some sheets in there, and says, then, you know, Pa would have breakfast by that time, and we ate the meal up, and he'd be gone on to town. He'd go on to town, and said, when he come back, said, he had everything she told him to get, and said, generally, a little money, And I said, well, Oscar, now you to explain- Interviewer: Tape 3 Aux: And uh I said Oscar you've explained something to me that I've often wondered about. I said that I've I knew that the older people made a good living out here in these mountains and uh I couldn't I couldn't figure why now that you younger ones couldn't. And I've figured probably that you were just trifling and lazy he said nah sir that's not it. I said well you have told me already then what the trouble was. I said the trouble is that when the stock law coming in here that took your living away from ya. And that's when you started into making liquor and you've never been able to make any money on it. That's always been a faded, everyone that's ever fooled with it everyone I ever knew was a failure. I never knew of anybody that makes a success in the liquor business that way. And uh So that kinda cleared up that situation there with me On that. And uh In fact {NW} I think this Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # we have over the country. Of course I realized that we've got automobiles. And uh {X}{C: overlapping tapes, indistinguishable) And the application he give me some applications said fill these applications out. So what I'm coming at {NW} and he says uh of course of a lots of 'em come in there and they {NW} {X} I'd send them over there and they would write 'em up and give 'em a job. Well it {X} There were nearly starved to death they had what you called {X} {NS} I called malnutritious. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 And I yeah mother says that's wrong but anyhow # Anyhow being hungry is what it is. Interviewer: {NS} Aux: And they had that so bad that they had to send 'em to the hospital {X} and build their system up until they could go to work. And uh this one no in particular that I was gonna tell you about he come in there and he said mister {X} says I don't wanna go to work and I said well I can get ya job. {X} big ol' strapping fella and he says uh {NW} well sir I'd love to have ya. So I got out an application and was going make it out for him. I said uh {NW} how long uh, In other words in the application I said uh how how much schooling did ya have? He says sir? I said how long did you go to school? He said I went to school six years. And I said six years? He said yes sir. And I said uh what grade were you in when you quit school. He said I's in the first grade Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I said well now listen you went to school six years and you say when you quit you was in the first grade. He said yes sir sir that's right. Says I just never was able to get out of the first grade. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 I failed # every time And then of course when we got the application fixed out sure enough he couldn't sign his name. And I had to sign his name of course so let him mark put his mark on there. But I did get him a job and he went to work. And a lot of these people that I knew back during those days that was really up against it they're they're thrifty. They are now living in good houses. There's lots of 'em and they saved up uh quite a little sum of money and in good shape they don't have to depend on anybody for anything. Lots of 'em on the uh pensions and so forth and I think {NW} the biggest thing that help the long {X} situation was uh the education that they received. And uh in uh different ways such as we've got now trade schools and so forth. which I think are are very essential in uh bringing these people up. And uh I I feel like the that uh we have uh people now that if they hadn't a had that that probably we'd a still been in the same ol' rut. Just if we hadn't a had schooling and education as we've got today we'd be in the same ol' rut. If we were back then. Now I believe you wanted me to tell you about uh when we used to deliver uh #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 But you # you and uncle George #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {NW} # Well Interviewer: {X} Aux: Back in the old days #1 day # 370B: #2 I was # living with Beck Aux: This dropping back now past quite a bit {X} talking bout for instance this back in the mule and wagon days. And uh this was back in uh nineteen uh twelve thirteen fourteen {X} but anyhow {NW} we delivered uh {X} 370B: {X} Aux: And so {NW} we delivered with a mule wagon. And uh we'd would make these payrolls and we'd collect what they owed us. That was every two weeks. And they would give us then their orders for the next two weeks. Some of these customers never come to the store Some of 'em come now maybe once every two weeks. It wasn't a everyday proposition as it is today they order what they's gonna have to have and which was meal flour and lard. And uh white meat staples is what it was it wasn't any of this uh light bread back then. The first light bread I ever saw didn't even have a wrapper on it. just come out in a solid loaf of bread and would lay it on the counter and and sold. Just like peas rice butter beans flour sugar all come in uh open containers and were just opened up and they'd take a scoop and take 'em out and weigh it up and sell 'em. And ya had to weigh up everything that way, ya didn't have packaged goods as you got now. Well of course we had these mules and wagons and uh it got mighty cold back in those days. In other words we {NW} we'd have to be on these open wagons and making these deliveries. And we had a tarpaulin of course to put over the groceries to keep them dry cause we'd lost money there but we got wet just the same. We'd dry off ya know after we got wet and that didn't make much difference. In other words {NW} we could get old but those groceries couldn't. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: But anyhow {NW} we wore sheepskin coats and corduroy pants wool shirts and wool underwear and big boots and uh and big hats so that that water would run off of us and then the cold water would freeze on our shoulders and on the hats too but we'd make the deliveries. Well as I said before of course when we got up in the morning well we'd course put our guns on us and we'd go out on these wagons and we'd deliver. Well my mother she's uh always kept a cook down at the house. In other words a maid that did the cooking. And uh she was supposed to have uh when we come in of course we didn't call it lunch then like they do now we just called it dinner in the middle of the day. And when we come into dinner and the turnip greens and the cabbage and whatever they had and other white meat or so forth or peas or butter beans was cooked. {X} Well they're supposed to be cooked and ready and on the table when we got in. And we'd come in those wagons and drive the mules up to the feed boxes and let them stand there and eat while went down to the house to get something to eat. And when we going down there and this cook didn't have the meal on the table well of course we'd then proceeded to convince her that it had to be on the table and we'd pull our guns and we would begin to fire in the floor shooting in the floor around our feet and she'd jump up and down and holler if she get by she got outta there but if she didn't she just got a little faster on getting that dinner on the table. But if she got by she got away she'd go up and tell my mother said miss Reynolds says those are the worst two boys I've ever seen in my life you got said I just can't stay here. And they kept on hiring new cooks all the time. Although she did get a older one that finally stayed with us. We'd shoot on her feet and she'd just work right on. But any how then we'd get ready and by that time they'd be ready for us to go again. We'd load those wagons and start out. Well they paid off every two weeks. And uh when they come in and pay those bills or when we'd meet those payrolls and get 'em and get their bills and we'd fill these orders. Well we worked right on through the night and day it didn't make any difference. We didn't stop. It wasn't always eight hours no six hours shifts then it was it was from the time you started till ya finish ya didn't quit till ya had finished the job if it took all night ya worked all night. Took all day and all night ya worked all day and all night and on into the next day. And we went right on and got through that job. Well then when we'd get through with it of course then we would have plenty of time uh between paid- paydays. And uh because the customers didn't come in. If they come in it was an emergency and of course there'd be one of us around there where we could wait on 'em. And we'd wait on 'em. But {NW} then we'd have plenty of time for hunting. And we'd have plenty of time for fishing. And we hunted and fished lots. Of course we broke every mule and horse they'd bring into that country there that they wanted broke we'd break 'em to ride or either drive and that kept us busy at times. These country people that had stock that they wanted broke and they'd break 'em in or either we'd go get 'em and bring 'em in and break 'em. And then of course we had uh this riding and getting cattle in and so forth. And as I said {NW} back then uh a few minutes ago and I'm kinda overlapping Now on this was uh I rode cattle back in nineteen twenty-eight when they was bringing eight cents a pound. I wanted to get into that and then uh it skipped my mind as I was talking long but you know uh along at that time we elected a man named Hoover #1 as president of the United States. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: Well when Hoover was elected President of the United States of course he told us he was gonna put a chicken in every pot and an automobile in every garage. Well he did that. He fixed it where y- you couldn't buy gasoline. In other words you didn't have any money to buy gasoline with. And ya had to put ya car up and put ya truck up. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: And then ya had to go out in the yard and get ya chicken and kill him to eat so we'd get by. And he did that. But what I'm getting to is this. At that time well the cattle {NW} were bringing. Like it was here a while back bringing a good price around fifty-eight and a half cents a pound on foot. Well back then they was bringing eight cents a pound on foot. Well cattle got scarce on the market. There wasn't anybody carrying 'em in and and uh in fact there wasn't there wasn't getting back far enough to get 'em. And they just wasn't getting to the market and they'd come down and they offered me uh for a drove of cattle that I had accumulated just a few at the time and buying over the country 'til I had accumulated two hundred and fifty-four head of cattle. And I had 'em all in what we'd call a T-C-I farm which is an alfalfa farm that T-C-I used to operate to raise alfalfa to feed the mules when they had mules in the mine before they went to machines. And they had since gone to machinery and had taken the mules outta the mines and of course they had no use for the alfalfa farm and they shut it down. And it become open range. And uh of course the stock law was in. That was another thing. But anyhow I put these cattle on that range and I had two men and uh it stayed with 'em all the time. And at night they'd corral 'em and we had a corral built. And they'd corral those cattle and then they'd put 'em out on the grass the next morning and stay with 'em all day and so forth. And I accumulated two hundred and fifty-four head during that time. And they was all fat and good cattle. {X} Eighty and half cents a pound for 'em which are half a cent over the market. And I told 'em nah I wouldn't sell 'em. Well later on they'd come back and offer me nine cents. Nah I- I won't sell 'em. I'm on just gonna just go ahead and uh and keep 'em. I know what I intended to get for 'em. I was using some bad judgment. I know now though #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: If my foresight was good as my hindsight I'd be alright all the time. Anyhow but my foresight just don't work that well sometime. But anyhow I kept those cattle. Well as it turned out as I said just now we elected the president {NW} named Hoover. Well when we elected him in there well then immediately well uh he started in to help the country. And the money dried up all over the country, And the markets fell everywhere. And I kept watching and finding out what I could. And the first thing I knew cattle was down to four cents a pound. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: The grass had died and they was in a fall of the year in the wintertime. And I'd look like I'd gone out to feed 'em and my cattle had lost some weight. So I added up I put my cattle on market at four cents a pound and got rid of 'em and was glad to rid of 'em at that price. And then I waited until Mister Hoover got things straightened out just right and when Mister Hoover got things straightened out just right like he wanted 'em and had all the banks ready to close and all the money dried up over the country. {NW} Well then {NW} I realized that I could uh buy beef pretty cheap. So I began to investigate and I found out by going up on the market and the yards I could buy my beef back at a cent a pound on foot. So then I bought it back cent a pound and, And uh when I bought it back at a cent a pound well then I uh rode up I had a farm uh what we what some people called plantation. You know that's like a man having about ten acres and calling it a ranch. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: And I had a farm down there that we uh they called plantation but I just called it farm because it didn't consist of b-between three and four hundred acres. But anyhow {NW} we had uh plenty syrup we had plenty of corn. And it wouldn't sell down there and it was accumulating and uh they had made it and that was my share of the crops that had been made down there. So I took a truck with a trailer on it and went down and got a load of corn and syrup. I brought it up and we shelled that corn. Shucked it and shelled it. Pat it ground and put it in peck sacks. And then we'd put that syrup in it and I had my coolers started and went up and brought some of my cattle back at cent a pound. And uh run 'em through the slaughter pen. I had the slaughter pen there and run 'em through the slaughter pen killed 'em and butcher them. And uh what I'm talking about this work now you didn't hire none uh them because you couldn't you didn't have the money to hire anybody if they just getting fifty cents a day you couldn't pay them. So you had to make it and I had to get started back. And uh so we just uh went in there and George just did the same thing up his place my brother and we started in and put our circles in. Syrup fifty cents a gallon. And home ground meal eighteen cents a peck. And uh stewed meat a nickel a pound and steak a dime a pound. Ground beef a dime a pound and pork sausage a dime a pound. And we put those circulars out and we would open on Saturday. Well on Thursdays the people'd come down there and lined up and demanded that we open. Well then {X} we had to get busy. And I had to get my father and my mother and I had a fellow that would cut meat for me he said and I got him. And my wife, kids and myself and we opened the doors. George did the same thing. And {NW} we couldn't wait on the people. Because on the comet price they- they couldn't buy a pound of meat for less than a quarter anywhere so they'd come over here and buy it for a nickel. And a peck a meal they'd have to pay probably thirty around anywhere from thirty thirty-five cents a peck of meal and we'd sell it at eighteen. And that syrup they couldn't buy it at all because people just didn't have it up here {X}. They had to come out of the country and they just didn't go get it. So they could get pretty good meal at the a half a dollar {NW} and uh feed the family. And from then on well things just boomed and then we began to add first the one thing to the stock and then to the other. And uh by uh the time that the depression was in the right swing well then that's when W-P-A days of course come in. And then they they started to uh These uh public work on the road. and they brought seven dollars and a half a week a piece. They was working on those roads. Well they would come in and they'd buy their groceries. Well afterwards I know {NW} one of 'em told me who was uh W Let's see uh W E Rogers. He told me he said you know {NW} he said I remember when {X} back yes couple years ago he says When I used to get my W-P-A check and I'd come over here in my Ford {X} car. He said you know I'd take that check and come in there and buy groceries and I'd put all I could haul on that Ford. And carried it home said we had plenty to eat. And says uh we got along just fine so they got along fine on that. And I remember that there's lots of 'em didn't have automobiles and I'd finally uh course I had a bunch of trucks running by that time and I had what we called a lodge truck at that time which was a panel a ton and a half. And I sent 'em loaded the groceries loaded up to the tops of panels and then them hanging round I've seen as many as twenty-six of 'em hanging round on it going home with the groceries. 370B: I've got a picture. Aux: And uh they'd carry the groceries home and we'd get those out to 'em and uh those trucks would run and deliver. But uh we uh had then just started in to what we were gonna really have trouble with was regulations and red tape. Which finally had put uh about ninety percent of the merchants that we {X} and got these others going crazy and committing suicide. But anyhow {NW} uh that is one reason that that I'm out of business today is on account of government red tape. And that's a bunch of bureaucrats in Washington and they have to have reports on everything which amounts to nothing except to sift through sometimes. And they'll give you a pity if yours happens to come up through that sift and through that picking up. But anyhow uh that is one thing that has uh made business mighty hard on 'em and it is still and it's getting worse and worse all the time. But uh I remember of course going on back uh when we were boys even now there's kids that uh boys at that time uh wasn't like they are now. By the time you was six seven years old you were more or less on your own and when you was ten you was really on your own and by the time you was twelve you was a grown man. And uh you uh you accepted responsibilities. You didn't whine around like they do know and uh stand back. In other words uh when we were around uh George was around {NS} and yes I remember around five and I was seven well we was selling uh we'd make a garden and we would pick beans and mustard and turnips and so forth and we'd peddle 'em over to the neighbors and we had a bunch of cows. And of course at that time there wasn't any stock law in the city of {X}. And our cows run out there and we'd milk those cows and uh of course momma overseeing it. And churned the milk. {NW} And we'd sell the butter and the milk peddling over the neighborhood and about over the town. Walking and peddling and and I remember at that time it was {X} people got into the water in the city of Busbin. Which they would {X} get in that water {X} nearest I could remember from Hawkins springs. And the wells all got typhoid fever in 'em. And they had to start them to put in uh {NW} in uh the water line which all had to be done by hand. Wasn't any thing except just a pick and shovel to do that work back then. And they had start putting than line in from up what we called midfield now up at the What was the name of the spring? Do you remember up there that they got the limestone water from? 370B: #1 I don't know. # Aux: #2 And # anyhow it was about uh it was about eight miles that they had to put that line in the funny city of Busbin water. Which was gonna take 'em probably two years to get it in. And the people they're there drinking water. Well then uh our doctor who was doctor Spencer at that time who delivered us into the world he'd told George and myself said why don't you boys go out there and find a good spring that you can get water from bring in a sample to doctor Warners and and myself and says let us examine it. And uh says if its tests out okay says you can sell drinking water in the city of Busbin. So we decided we gonna sell drinking water in the city of Busbin. We'd go out and get a sample of this water what we called then at that time a Thompson spring. And bring it in and it tested okay. And then recommended to the people for drinking water. Well of course we had a big ol' surrey at that time. Some of ya might not know what a surrey is but that was a two seated uh hot pit with fringe tasseled uh top around it and uh was patent leather and it was a very expensive uh {NW} well traveling than a carriage. In other words the surreys were were popular. We had this this one that we had the old one. He had bought a new one. And a lot of people call 'em uh A barouche. 370B: {NW} Aux: Uh. That is a olden time name for 'em a barouche but we later on called 'em surreys. And four people could very comfortably ride in there and probably with kids more than that. And uh so {NW} This old surrey we decided we'd take it down to the blacksmith. And had him to build us a spring wagon out of it. Well we carried down there and went to him and told him we wanted to take his body off of it and put us a wagon body on it, on those springs that would hold twenty demijohn. A demijohn is a five gallon glass jug that uh we would go and get that water in and which was in a wooden crate. Approximately fourteen by fourteen {NW} inches. I imagine that the bottom fourteen inches squared. {NW} We measured them and saw what it would take for twenty of 'em we'd go haul twenty to load. And we told 'em we wanted to make a wagon out of it and he said well now {NW} what about your daddy? Well papa it's alright with him. And none of them would wanna tell ya I like calling name in but it didn't get it anyhow we were gonna pay you for this and we're making money. We want ya to do it on credit. And he said well said I'll have to see about that. And I said well alright so {NW} he said I'll let ya know tomorrow. So we left it down there and went on home. He go around to see papa and papa told him said whatever those boys want. Said you go ahead and fix 'em up in it says I stand behind it. {NW} Says they'll pay ya. And so he went ahead and fixed it. {X} demijohns and these glass jugs. And we didn't wanna get the money from anybody, We wanted to make it. So we went down to doctor {B} who run the drugstore {X} Told him we wanted uh forty {NW} of these demijohns. And later on we had to have more. But anyhow we got forty to start with. And bought those on credit from him. Course he saw papa and papa told him it'll be okay. And uh {NW} so he charged 'em to us and we got our buckets and we had to have funnels and then we had to be very clean about that water. You couldn't have a speck in that water cause it would show up in those glass jugs and so we had to be very careful about that. But anyhow we started in the water business then. And started selling water {X} drinking water. We got twenty-five cents a demijohn. A glass demijohn for us. That was five cents a gallon. Which we made on a load {NW} you see with twenty we uh` actually made we got five dollars for it and we made some times two trips a day and sometimes three trips a day which we were making pretty good money on it then and we paid off our indebtedness. And after we'd paid off our indebtedness ya know and things were going along smooth well then we decided we'd save some money so we began to put it in the bank. There was a bank on second avenue and twentieth street. Was Conwell's bank and we'd put our money in Conwell's bank up there. {NW} And we had nine hundred and twelve dollars and some odd cents in that bank that we had saved up after we'd paid off our indebtedness and Conwell {NW} took all that money up there one night and put it in a suitcase and left. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: And Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 we # we were mighty mad about it {X} could have got a hold of him he wouldn't gone anywhere. But anyhow He left with our money and everybody else's money. Well that that kinda got our goat pretty bad. We said then we gonna spend every dollar we ever made then Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 and not let anybody else get it. # But we didn't live up to that. We did save some money. But anyhow Conwell I understand went to Tennessee. Well back in those days when you crossed the state line you was home free. #1 It didn't make any difference # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: what they was after ya about. And uh they got all this red tape and all started then so if you could just run fast enough and beat 'em from one county to the other. And so one sher- uh sheriff off after the other and then when you could cross the state line well then you was home free you's alright. But anyhow we sold that water until they got that line in. And as it happened there was lots of these people that bought water from us back in those days. {X} which we were large we were still pretty young. In fact uh uh George was {X} uh I-I think he was about fifteen when he went in and I was fifteen when I went in. {NW} George went in to himself about two years after I did. Two or three years. But any how fifteen years old. {NW} Uh year's nineteen twelve. That's right and I was born in eighteen ninety-seven. {NW} And uh so I was fifteen. But anyhow {NW} There's a lot of those people that could that did trade with us even after we went into business. {NW} And on up. I remember one of 'em very well. Her husband was a railroad engineer was a Mrs. Hampton. And uh she traded with us for a long time after and quite a few of the others did. But you know the old life timey way {NW} a man in the grocery business of course I never did practice that much. Uh. But I did uh have a brother in law one time that did do that. We going around taking orders in town. {NW} You go around taking orders every morning you know grocery orders. And then they'd deliver these grocery orders which was started way back yonder in early days. When they had to get out and look for business. But I come along. {NW} When I started in {NW} of course we had a depression every seven years back in those days. They call 'em depression they call 'em recession now. But we call 'em panics back then. And our panics didn't last as long as these do that is like these do now. They lasted about seven eight months sometimes. Never over a year and then everything opened up and everything boomed. Just like a rose blooming. And ya made a lot of money. {NW} Well then when ya got things up where you was getting really straightened out sure enough and accumulating something they decide in Washington it was time then to gather back in. So then they'd bring on one of these uh uh panics as we'd call 'em back then. And they'd gather the money all in. When they'd get the money all in and get it about all in where they thought they'd got about what they should the money men did well then of course they'd let her bloom out again and she'd start to work. And that's where the working thing. And {NW} just like now you take now they're talking about inflation. {X} In other words taxations to stop inflation. Well uh the inflation is created through uh speculation. And our speculators are because of the inflation. And just like on the wheat situation we've just been through with. Just like on the cotton situation as today. And they put it over as inflation. When actually it's speculation. They just got it turned around. And these speculators of course get their news through different sources and Washington and so forth. And then on one of these uh sales gonna be made on these farm imports. And that's when they start in to hoarding as we call it. And holding it just as they were hauling a shortage of grain when all the grain was was full. And uh they's hauling the shortage on the farms. And they still they was a lot of the farm holding the grain. And uh instead of letting a free market go then of course we have to talk price control. And there's only one way in the world to {NW} control prices. And that is supply and demand will control 'em. {NW} And whenever you get these speculators when they get loaded up until they can't pull move anymore and then a new crop comes in on 'em I think then it'd straightened out. And I think that's what it's gonna take to straighten it out. I don't think that we gonna do anything as long we try to control this bushel of wheat or that bushel of wheat or this bushel of corn and- In other words just the people are just gonna use so much anyhow. They not gonna buy. They not gonna destroy. There's gonna be some of 'em that'll waste some but what I mean is actually destroy uh they're not gonna do that. Because if they buy it they gonna use it. And they gonna buy it as they need it. And that's what you call demand. And supply is when they go out there and farm and make it and raise it. {NW} Well that's the supplies coming in. And they gonna have to uh uh everybody's got to work if they live in this country or you either got to just go without that's all because this is a country of each person. Must uh get out there and make some effort. Now of course we'll have an argument and people'll say that there's people that won't work and there's people that will not get out there. Well that's true enough as long as they get somebody else to support 'em. And there's a lot of people that's carrying a bunch along that way and uh I don't think that we ever will see a world where everybody is really industrious because we gonna have a few drones. You know even bees as industrious as they are they have drones you know and have to kill 'em off. But anyhow I've taken it all as a whole {NW} through and through life and coming on up. {NS} And uh as I said back in the horse and buggy days well you know we traveled at that time. {NW} When we had a real fast horse we would travel five miles an hour. And that was really traveling. And then later on of course we uh got automobiles and they would travel uh well they went from thirty-five to forty miles an hour. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I'll never forget the time when I made sixty miles an hour the first time. And then uh now you get on the road you make eighty ninety and hundred miles an hour you know. In other words you get run over if you make less seventy seventy-five. And uh so things have changed from time to time we come from uh well back yonder uh horse and wagon and buggies and ox wagons I remember them of course. And uh I remember when the pecker wood saw mills. And by the way I saw one the other day. It was the first one I've seen in years and years operating. The pecker wood mill. And you know {X} mill just sets down anywhere #1 and so # 370B: #2 Where? # Interviewer: #1 Where did you see it? # Aux: #2 {NW} # That's right {X} lumber and so forth. But uh {NS} you take uh talking about the condition of the world today. Now I was born June the twenty-seventh eighteen ninety-seven which is seventy-six years ago. {NS} And just soon as I got big enough to know anything well it was something wrong with this world. There's been something wrong with it since I been here. {NS} And when I leave here there's gonna be something wrong with it. According to my opinion and according to other people's opinion. But I feel like that this world will go right on and I feel like every generation will be able to take care of their own affairs as they come along. I don't think that I don't think that this younger generation need any advice from us older people. I think what we should do is sit back and watch 'em bring it on up. Cause we left it in such a mess Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 for them to take over and such a condition that they gonna have a time to # straighten it out now. And uh I hope they'll be more successful than we were. But uh you take uh it has uh as we say it grows steadily worse well I don't know whether you could say it's growing steadily worse or not. I remember back when we used to cut wood over the summer so we could keep warm in the winter. And when we get up in the morning cause we didn't have any warm house. We'd have to get up and build a fire. And I remember how that floor felt when you'd hit it on those cold mornings and you would have a terrible time getting that fire built. Finally you'd get a little bit of heat started. And now ya get up in a nice warm house and everything's just as comfortable as can be. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I think we've come quite a distance there. And another thing I remember back when you used to go in the kitchen and uh and you didn't have any refrigeration. And the thing I'll never forget how the safe used to smell where they kept all the bread and all that was left over you know and getting old. No way in the world of keeping it cool. And I'll never forget when uh they used to have to the women Nearly all the women back in those days you know had rough hands. And they were bent over their their backs was humped in behind. And uh That was mostly from mobile wash tub scrubbing on one these washboards up and down you know and then of course boiling the clothes in a hot pot. That is hot water so that it would if there was any germs that that would kill 'em you know and they had the battling stick as they call it and they'd take the battling stick and they would stir those clothes. And by the way when it comes to the battling stick I got a tale I wanna tell about a battling stick. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: It was a fellow named Dy- {NW} Dykcon. Dyk was raised upon Mulberry river. And uh {NW} his father was a farmer up there. And Dyk was a good big boy and there was a fellow down on the river there that had a grist mill that was operated by water and I've seen a grist mill I knew about it. And after years but anyhow Dyk he uh went over there one morning to carry corn. To get it ground into meal. Well you used to put it in a sack and put it cross a mule's back and you got up on the mule behind it. You didn't have any saddle or anything you just got up on a mule back. Off down the road you'd go with a mule and the corn and get it ground and then you'd put it on the mule back and come back. If it's warm weather of course the mule eat {D: the first bite and} 370B: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 so forth he got whipped # But that didn't hurt the meal. The meal eat #1 good just the same. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 370B: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 And the sack got wet # the meal too but it was alright you never did know the difference. But anyhow he takes his corn down there that morning. And uh to get it ground. And while he's standing there uh waiting on the miller to get tut he looked off down on the creek there where this wife of the millers had a wash pot and where she did her washing. Well of course it's Mulberry river there which was a narrow river. There was a foot log. Trees used to grow along there in those days than they do now. In other words we had trees back in those days. What's called virgin timber. And {NW} This tree had been cut down across there and this foot log was there. And she was standing at the end of this uh foot log with that battling stick. And Dyk said she was hitting a lick every once in a while down that way hitting one lick after the other. Said he stood there and watched and he couldn't see what he's doing he decided he'd walk down there and he walked down there and those squirrels {NW} were migrating from one side of that creek to the other. Which squirrels will always migrate especially in the summertime. If a dens get full of fleas uh something of the {X} out of the food gives out they gonna migrate they gonna change from one territory to the other. So what these squirrels was doing was crossing this log. And she's standing there Interviewer: {NW} Aux: hitting 'em with that #1 battling battling stick and killing 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: And he said that woman killed a hundred and sixty Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 squirrels there while they's migrating # cutting them across with that battling stick. And he never saw Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 a second piles of squirrels. # Well you know I kinda doubted I I look at Dyk you know and he's always been a trooper man and I'd always known him to be a trooper and I thought well now you'd reckon he'd gone wrong Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 or something. # And I thought about that thing and it stayed on my mind well later on I was talking to a sailor man that worked down on the other down in. He had to go through the Allison reserve below Tuscaloosa which is a large game reserve. And lots of game in there. And he was telling me there one day about coming back up the road and coming through the Allison reserve. And he said you know he said those squirrels were migrating here and said they'd cross the road. {NW} And said do you know I had to stop my car. And sit there and wait on the little squirrels got through crossing that road. Said that nothing uh {X} nothing attracts their attention, and they will not stop they just keep coming. And said that I just sit there and waited until they got through crossing the road. When they got through crossing the road I come on. And then I could see well now probably Dyk was telling the truth Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 about those # squirrels up there on Mulberry. But anyhow {NW} talking about that back then you didn't have any washing machines you know. You didn't have any electric stoves. You didn't have any gear stoves. You didn't have any electric hot water heaters no gears hot water heaters. And uh I remember when the first hot water heater I ever saw was uh a pipe that they made to fit inside of the range coal a coal cooking stove which was a range we called it. A big range. And it went in the fire box. This pipe did. Well you had your water running in through that coil in that fire box and out back the end and then in the uh tank. And your water heater then went into the tank. Well the only trouble about that was that was after they got that water in here which that lime water after that typhoid epidemic. And they got it in here and then when it goes through this pipe it runs through there so long this lime would Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 build up # Then you'd have to take all this loose and take that coil outta there cause that coil would fill up. And that was the first hot water system I saw. And then another thing about those days too you really enjoyed very much and that was taking ashes out. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 You know # especially out of fire places the stove where ever might be and you'd shovel those ashes and they would get all over the place and the dust would settle and the ash dust would settle on it. And you'd have to wipe it off then. And nine times outta ten when you'd start out with it you'd something with a coal {X} and splash 'em all over the floor. And then you'd have to come back and clean them up. Well we've uh come along quite a bit matter and I remember too back during those days that we didn't have any screens back in early days. Nothing to keep anything out that is flies anything else and you didn't have kinda air conditioning. You had nothing except just the weather. That's what you had to contend with. No insulation to go in the ceiling uh walls anything like that. It was just a straight {NW} seal with. And some people were lucky enough to have it tapered some of 'em painted some of 'em didn't do anything. And then you had the roof up there and that sun coming down then I believe it got a little hotter than it does now but anyhow. Get in that house {NW} and got pretty warm. And then another thing you didn't have you didn't have any paved roads you had all dirt roads. And every time a wagon or a buggy come by that dust fogged up. I remember when we used to get up in the morning. And we would uh {NW} make up the bed. Course the windows was open and no screens or nothing. And you'd make up the bed and then you'd get another sheet and you'd put it over the top of the bed and cover it with it. So that the dust that come in that day would uh settle on that sheet. Well you say well why didn't you close the windows? Well if you closed the windows you had a hot box sure enough then. And {X} because uh the sun shining down and all so it would settle on that sheet. Then when you'd come at night and get ready to go to bed of course the first job you had was to light the lamp. And if you know {X} had a lamp or never tried to read by one well you can't appreciate electric lights like you should. You should try a lamp just a few times any how just to see how it works. Any how we would have to fold the sheet back. And take it very carefully so it wouldn't scatter that dust any more than possible. And fold it back and then take it outside and dust it good to get that dust off of it. And then we'd get ready for bed you see. Well back in those days of course uh there was such thing as prowlers. We had 'em but they didn't live long Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 because people was ready all the time for 'em. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 and if they got in # they'd get in sometimes in one or two places but the first mess was Waterloo cause as I say they just didn't stay here long. And uh that broke up and another thing we had dogs. And that helped to protect the place while it was open. Interviewer: Tape four. Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 {C: overlapping speech} # 370B: #2 {C: overlapping speech} # twenty-seven Aux: {C: overlapping speech} 370B: forty. Interviewer: The number after sixty-nine. 370B: Seventy. Interviewer: After ninety-nine. 370B: One hundred. Interviewer: #1 After nine hundred and ninety-nine. # Aux: #2 {X} # 370B: #1 One thousand. # Aux: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 After nine hundred ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine # {NW} 370B: One million. Interviewer: {NW} okay. If there's a lot of men standing somewhere you say the man at the head of the line is the 370B: The leader. Would you say leader or the first? Interviewer: First. And after him? 370B: Second and third and so forth and so on. Interviewer: Um sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes 370B: Well it comes all the #1 time.You you # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 370B: you don't have to look for it because it's gonna be there once in a while anyway. Interviewer: Okay. If he said more than once he would be saying it 370B: Twice. Interviewer: Name the month of the year for me and begin with ya answer. 370B: January February March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: Kay and the days of the week? 370B: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday and Sunday Interviewer: You ever call Sunday anything else besides Sunday? 370B: Well the Sabbath. Interviewer: Uh what do you usually say to somebody that you see them when you first get up? 370B: Good morning. Interviewer: {NW} Um what what time of day does morning end? 370B: Well I imagine it ended at twelve o clock. Interviewer: And after that what time of day is it? 370B: One. Afternoon. Interviewer: Kay what do you say when you leave people? 370B: Well sometimes you say fare well and sometimes you say ba- goodbye and good evening it so under what time. Interviewer: Kay do you ever say good day? 370B: Well yes you could say good day. Interviewer: You ever used to? 370B: Well not seldom. {NW} Interviewer: Um what part of the day do you actually eat supper? 370B: Uh I guess you'd say evening. Interviewer: And later on like before you go to bed? 370B: Night. Interviewer: Night. What would you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving someone's house at night? 370B: Goodnight. Interviewer: Night. {NS} Uh if a man has to get up and start work just as the sun comes into sight you says he has to start at? 370B: Day break. Interviewer: Um if he works 'un- uh until very late in the afternoon he had to work until? 370B: Night. Interviewer: Um 370B: Or dark. Some of 'em say work 'til dark and some of 'em say work 'til night. Interviewer: Uh what time did the sun rise this morning? 370B: W- Well I imagine about six thirty. Interviewer: Okay you say the sun? 370B: rose uh Interviewer: Okay. Um. If today is Saturday Friday was? 370B: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Sunday is? 370B: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Uh if someone came on Sunday past Sunday and he came a week earlier than last Sunday you say he came here? 370B: A week earlier than last Sunday. Interviewer: {NW} 370B: Well I guess you'd say a weekend. He came on last weekend. Interviewer: If he's going to leave next Sunday A week beyond ye- tomorrow what would you say? 370B: Sunday week. Interviewer: Week. Kay. Uh somebody stay from the first to the fifteenth you say he stayed about? 370B: Half a month. Interviewer: Kay come on. 370B: Uh two weeks uh something like that. A little more than two weeks. Interviewer: Yeah. 370B: Um. Interviewer: If you want to know the time of day how do you ask somebody? 370B: Do you have the time? Interviewer: Um. Then what does he pull out his pocket to look at? 370B: {NW} Watch if he #1 doesn't have on a wrist watch {NW}. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Mid way between seven o clock and eight o clock #1 what time? # 370B: #2 It'd be seven thirty. # Interviewer: Yep. If it's ten forty-five what time is it? 370B: Ten forty-five be fifteen minutes 'til eleven. Interviewer: If you'd been doing something for a long time you might be you might say I've been doing that for quite? 370B: A while. Interviewer: You might say the farmers got a pretty good crop last year but they are not going to get such good one? 370B: This year. Interviewer: If a child had just had his third birthday you'd say he's? 370B: Uh he's going on four. Uh {X} Interviewer: If something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly? 370B: The same day last year. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: You look up at sky and say I don't like the look of those black? 370B: Clouds. Interviewer: On a day when the sun is shining and there are no clouds in the sky what kind of day you say that it is? 370B: Well it's a um bright sunshiny or clear day. Either one. Interviewer: On a opposite kind of day if it's not raining but the sky is covered with clouds what would you call that? 370B: Well I say it's a dreary day or cloudy day. Interviewer: If it's been fair clear and then the clouds come in you would expect rain or snow in a little while you'd say the weather is? 370B: Changing. Interviewer: If it's been cloudy and then the clouds pull away and the sun comes out you'd say the weather is? 370B: Clearing. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a heavy rain that lasts only a little while? 370B: Well I think probably you'd say uh well if it's real heavy I would you say say a shower. Or a cloud burst. I have heard 'em called cloud burst when it was just real heavy. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a storm that has thunder and lighting? 370B: Electrical storm. Interviewer: If the wind has very was very high during the night you'd say all night long the wind? 370B: Blew. Interviewer: You'd say the wind is coming from that direction. You'd say the wind? 370B: Is north or east or uh everywhere round. Interviewer: {NW} 370B: {NW} Interviewer: Uh if it's raining but not raining very hard just a few fine drops coming down you'd say it's? 370B: Sprinkling. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a heavy white mist that comes out of a river? 370B: Fog. Interviewer: If no rain comes for weeks and weeks we're having a? 370B: Drought. Interviewer: The wind is being very gentle and it's gradually getting stronger what would you say it's doing? 370B: Well I well you'd say the wind is blowing. I guess that's a Interviewer: If it's just a opposite. The wind has been strong and it's getting weaker what's it doing? 370B: Um {NW} Well you'd say it's calm. Interviewer: #1 Calming down # 370B: #2 Uh huh. # Interviewer: A morning in the fall when you first go outdoors you find it cold but not real real cold. The kind of weather you like to be out in you say this morning is rather? 370B: Chilly. Interviewer: {X} If it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you might say last night we had a? 370B: Freeze. Interviewer: #1 It was so cold last night # 370B: #2 Or frost. Freeze I guess. # Interviewer: Yeah. It was so cold last night the lake did what? 370B: Froze over. Interviewer: If it gets much colder tonight the pond might 370B: Freeze. Interviewer: What do you call this room? 370B: Um. Well I would call it the um living room. Interviewer: Thinking uh rooms and their heights about how tall is this room? About nine? Eight nine? 370B: Well uh I don't believe it's over nine feet. At least nine. {NS} Interviewer: Uh smoke goes up through a? {NS} 370B: Chimney. Interviewer: The oval place on the floor in front of the fire place is called the? 370B: High if that's whatcha mean. Interviewer: In the fire place the things that you lay the wood across what do you call that? 370B: Um {NS} not not uh um I forget what I forgot whatcha call 'em. We have 'em tho in there. {NW} Andiron. Yes andirons. Interviewer: Up above the fire place that thing you put vases on what do you call that? 370B: That's the mantle. Interviewer: A big round piece of wood with the bark on it that you burn in the fire place? 370B: Log. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of wood you use to start a fire with? 370B: Uh well they used to be called splinters. It's a pine a ri- very rich pine. Interviewer: Is it? What's uh left in the fire place when the fire goes out? 370B: Ashes. Interviewer: What are you sitting in? {NS} We call this piece of furniture? 370B: Oh chair. Interviewer: Chair okay. What's that piece of furniture? 370B: A devonette. Interviewer: You ever call it anything else? 370B: {NS} Sofa. Interviewer: The piece of furniture in your bedroom that has drawers in it that you put your clothes in what do you call that? 370B: Chest of drawers. Interviewer: Uh the room where you sleep is called a what? 370B: Bedroom. Interviewer: All these things we talking about the sofa the chair #1 and all these what do you call 'em? # 370B: #2 -ture furniture # Interviewer: Uh the things in the windows that you put to keep the light out? 370B: Shades. Interviewer: A little room off the bedroom to hang your clothes in? 370B: Closet. Interviewer: Uh if you didn't have a built in closet what might you hang? 370B: Well now I know where we lived before we didn't have a built in we had a built on. We had to build it on extended out into the thing but you could have what they called a wardrobe to hang your clothes in too. Interviewer: What's the room at the top of the house just under the roof? 370B: At the top of the house? #1 Under the roof? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 370B: Attic. Interviewer: Uh what do you call the room you keep the cooking in? 370B: Kitchen. Interviewer: What do you call the little room off the kitchen where you store your canned goods and extra dishes? 370B: Well generally it's called a pantry. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a lot of ol' worthless things that you about to throw away? 370B: Junk. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 370B: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} Uh what would you call a room that you store odds and ends in? 370B: Well. I don't know what you'd call it just kind of a store room or what. {NS} Interviewer: Speaking of daily house work you say a woman does what every morning? 370B: Well it's just a routine. She does practically the same thing everyday. Interviewer: Generally what do you call that that she does? 370B: Keeping house. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 370B: Or cooking uh I don't know. Something like that. Interviewer: Speaking of 370B: Yeah you you pick up put up. Interviewer: Uh what do you use to sweep with? 370B: A vacuum. Interviewer: What about a uh not an automatic machine. 370B: Yeah. But you you's talking about a broom? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 370B: Uh huh.. Interviewer: Kay if the broom is in the corner and the door's open you'd say the broom is where in comparison to the door? 370B: Well I'd say behind the door. Interviewer: Uh years ago on Monday women usually did their? 370B: Washing I guess. Interviewer: Uh. 370B: See I never did anything Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 370B: #2 like that I was {NW} when I was married # I uh had it done I didn't know what I worked in the store all Interviewer: #1 Uh uh. # 370B: #2 the time. # So then but I had red I had towels with the different names Monday Tuesday Wednesday and it shows what they do each day Interviewer: #1 Uh huh # 370B: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Monday was wash day {NW} 370B: Yeah {NW} Interviewer: How do you get from the first floor to the second store floor in a two way house two story house? 370B: Well they generally have stairs. Interviewer: Uh what is built outside the the door to walk on with chairs on out in front of the house? 370B: Porch. Interviewer: Um. The door's open and you don't want it that way you would tell someone to? 370B: Please close the door. Interviewer: What would you the call the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 370B: Siding. Interviewer: If you were doing some carpentry nailing in a board somewhere you'd say I took the hammer and I? 370B: Uh nailed or {X} Interviewer: If you were uh in your car and yesterday you were in your car and you said you? {NS} 370B: I drove my car. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a part of the house that covers the top of it on the outside? 370B: Oh shingles. Interviewer: And all over generally you call 'em what? 370B: Roof. Interviewer: Um. You have a house and an ale What do you call the place where the two comes together? 370B: Um gable. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a building that is used for storing wood into? 370B: Uh well you'd call it a capital shed I guess. Interviewer: What do you call an outdoor toilet? 370B: {NW} In the army {NW} {X} what they called it {NW} latrine {NW} But I guess you would just say um just call it a toilet. Interviewer: {X} Ever call it anything else? 370B: They used to call 'em privies I think. Years and years ago. {NW} Interviewer: If you had trouble that you were telling me about then you might say well? Troubles too. 370B: I have troubles too. Interviewer: Uh. Did you did you notice the noise that when you shut that door what do you say I? 370B: I heard someone come in. Interviewer: Okay If a friend came back to town and another friend is in {X} with 'em you might ask have you seen him yet and you might say no I 370B: Talked to him though. Interviewer: Oh. 370B: {NW} #1 You could say that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Yeah. # Um of something you do everyday do you do it frequently? 370B: Oh yes if you do it everyday yes it's frequent. Interviewer: Does your brother like ice cream? 370B: Does my brother like ice cream? Interviewer: Oh. 370B: I would say so yes. He does. {NS} Interviewer: Uh if a man lets his farm get all worn down and {X} you might say to someone who asks I really don't know he just? 370B: Doesn't uh. Doesn't care uh doesn't uh I reckon just say that he doesn't care. Interviewer: Um. If you've been trying to make your mind up about something would you say I have been thinking about it or I've been thinking around it? 370B: Well uh I think you'd say I've been thinking about it. Interviewer: Um you might say you live in a framed? 370B: House. Interviewer: Are there any other kinds around here houses? {X} 370B: Well they have brick houses. {X} Interviewer: The big building behind the house where is hay is stored and cattle are housed is called a? 370B: Barn. Interviewer: The building where you store corn is a? 370B: Barn. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a building apart a building where you store grain? 370B: Well you call that a granary. Interviewer: What's it look like? 370B: Well I have seen them uh built kind around like and tall kinda like a silo Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: and then if they just that corn in it it it just looks kinda like a barn it except it has the boards all around it where they it's not shelves they just store it in there uh {X} you now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The uh upper part of a barn is called a? 370B: Loft. Interviewer: If too much hay is gathered together in a barn how's it kept outside? 370B: Well uh they generally if the weather is pretty just stack it. But if they looking for rain or something they they put tarpaulin over it. Interviewer: When you first cut the hay what do you do that with? 370B: Well you have a mower that you cut it with and it bales it and all and you leave it out to dry out like you don't hold it you don't uh carry it in and stack it when it's green. Interviewer: You know any names for small piles of hay that break up in the fields? 370B: Stack. Interviewer: Uh where do you keep your cows? 370B: Well generally they keep 'em in the pasture but they do have barns that they put 'em in when they milk and things like that. Interviewer: Where do you keep horses? 370B: Well they are kept in a what they call a corral or either a barn if the weather's bad they put 'em up. But generally they just run out in the corral. Interviewer: Besides the barn you ever have a special place where you milk the cows outside? 370B: Well we never did I don't know if people do or not. But I haven't I don't think so. Interviewer: Where do you keep your hogs and pigs? 370B: Well you generally have a pig pen. {NW} Interviewer: Um where did people used to keep their milk and butter before the days of refrigeration? 370B: Well in the well uh in the spring. I know butter especially they would take it and put it in buckets and lower it down in the spring or set it where the cold water would run over it. Interviewer: Uh a big farm that doesn't do anything but raise cattle for milk and butter. What do you call that? 370B: Dairy. Interviewer: Uh what do you call that place around the barn where you might let the cows and few of the other animals walk around? 370B: A lot. Interviewer: Uh what would you call a place where you let them go out to graze? 370B: Pasture. Interviewer: You ever raise any cotton? 370B: We never raised cotton. Interviewer: {NW} okay. If you did, what kind do you- What do you call it when you cut cotton? 370B: Well uh now we just uh came back from Arkansas where they were harvesting their crops and they have a cotton picker that goes along. I don't know what you call it though. I don't know what they called it. But anyway I know they used this uh uh cotton picker and it would pick it and separate you know bale it and all that. Interviewer: Uh cotton and corn grow in a? 370B: Field. Interviewer: Uh you ever call it anything else? 370B: Beside a field? Well uh I don't know what you'd say plantation um uh farm or what but it isn't like a garden you generally have a big space for corn and cotton things like that. Interviewer: Uh a little uh fence made out of wood that's painted white is usually called what kind of fence? 370B: Well us most of the time it's just called a little picket fence. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of fence that can uh injure cattle? 370B: Well uh is that um barbed wire fence. Interviewer: Uh can you name any other kinds of fences that are made out of wood? 370B: Well they have rail fences. Interviewer: What's it look like? 370B: Well they just have these long uh boards instead of the little sharp boards up and down and they uh sometimes are cut in grooves and laid and then other times they're just uh Aux: {X} 370B: sewed I mean uh nailed onto a post. Interviewer: What was you talking about more than one post what do you call it? 370B: Post. Interviewer: What might you call a fence or wall made of loose stone or rock? 370B: Well I think you'd say rock or stone stone wall. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 370B: #2 I have seen # rock walls too they called 'em rock walls they were made out of just small rock. And these rocks had been there for years and they weren't put together with cement or anything I don't know uh {X} like this was in Virginia that we saw on our trip on there. Interviewer: Hmm I never seen any of that. 370B: Yeah they were up about this high and all around the um front yard and different places you know those big #1 colonial homes? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 370B: And they just like they were when they put 'em up there. Interviewer: Hmm. 370B: And they tell me they didn't have any cement anything in between 'em they were just laid just so. Interviewer: Hmm. You want to make a hen start laying what do you put in her nest to {X} her? 370B: Uh you put a glass egg. {NW} I done that I used to gather eggs. Interviewer: Does it work? 370B: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Hmm. 370B: It helps 'em. Gives 'em an incentive I guess. {NW} Interviewer: When you brought uh water back from the well what did you use to carry it in? 370B: A pail. Interviewer: Uh what did you use to carry milk in? 370B: Well now they'd they'd do have uh milk pails and too and they have just regular buckets like so I don't know which one you'd say. Interviewer: What sort of container do you use to carry food to the pigs? 370B: Well they used to call 'em slop buckets. I don't know what they call 'em now. {NW} Interviewer: Uh what do you fry eggs in? 370B: A skillet. Interviewer: What's it made out of? 370B: Well uh sometimes iron but now it's Teflon. Interviewer: Uh what that something real big and black that you used to put out the back yard and fold your clothes in? #1 What do you call that? # 370B: #2 Pot. # Interviewer: Uh what do you call the container that you put flowers in inside the house? 370B: Well it's called uh pot too flower pot. Interviewer: Uh what if it's got just water in it and not the dirt? 370B: Just water and not dirt? Interviewer: For cut flowers {X} 370B: Oh a vase. Interviewer: Uh what are the eating utensils that you set at each plate when you uh set your table for supper? 370B: Well you have the knife and the fork and the spoon and the dessert uh fork and the salad fork. Interviewer: You have more than one knife what have you got? 370B: More than one knife? Knives. Interviewer: If the dishes are all dirty you say I want some kind of before we can have supper we have to have clean dishes I must? 370B: Wash. Interviewer: The dish. 370B: The dishes. Interviewer: Uh after she wash the dishes then she? 370B: Dries 'em. Interviewer: What does she do before she dries 'em? 370B: Scalds 'em. Interviewer: Uh what do you call that 370B: #1 unless you have a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 370B: uh washer dishwasher. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 370B: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What do you call that cloth or rag you use in washing dishes? 370B: Uh dish cloth. Interviewer: What do you call the cloth that you dry them with? 370B: A towel dish towel. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a small square of terry cloth that you use to wash your face with? 370B: A face cloth. Interviewer: Uh after bathing what do you dry yourself off with? 370B: Towel. Bath towel. Interviewer: Uh what do you turn on at the water pipe of the kitchen? What do you call that? 370B: Faucet. Interviewer: Uh it was so cold last night that my water pipe? 370B: Froze burst. Interviewer: Uh people used to buy flour in? 370B: Uh years ago they bought 'em in barrels and then they bought 'em in uh twenty-five pound bags uh cloth bags. And now they buy 'em in two and five pound bags and ten pound bags. Interviewer: How long did a barrel of flour usually last? 370B: Uh well when they these big plantations ya know when they had all these uh farms hands and all the Interviewer: #1 uh # 370B: #2 thieves. # Oh I imagine it would last 'em maybe the whole winter. Interviewer: Yeah. It cost a lot to buy a barrel of flour? 370B: Well uh not as much according as it does now. That was bout the cheapest way they could buy it. And then they wouldn't have to spend so much time going back or forth either. Tan. Interviewer: Um what did molasses come in when you used to buy it in very large quantities? 370B: It would come in barrels and they would have uh a faucet that they would turn on and drain you know draw the barrel the syrup out of the barrel. Interviewer: What about lard? {X} big large quantities. 370B: Well I think you'd call that a drum. Interviewer: Uh what do you use to help you pour water into a bottle that's got a real narrow mouth? 370B: A funnel. Interviewer: Uh what do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're riding in a buggy? 370B: Well sometimes you have a whip. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 370B: #2 and then # some people I know just hit 'em with the the uh lines. #1 And then they'll go # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 370B: #1 uh huh uh huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh if you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put them in a? 370B: Bag. Interviewer: Uh. Long time ago how were the large quantities of sugar packed? 370B: Well I think they uh years ago they had 'em had it in barrels too but then and then in sacks hundred pound sacks cloth bags. Interviewer: What do you call that bag or sack potatoes are shipped in? What was that? 370B: crocker sack. Interviewer: What do you call the amount of corn you might take to the mill at on time to be ground? 370B: Uh you'd say uh carry a bushel a corn. Interviewer: Uh when the light burns out in an electric lamp you have to put in a new? 370B: Bulb. Interviewer: When you carry the washing out to hang it on the line you carry out in a? 370B: Well lots of people use baskets. Interviewer: What uh do nails come in? 370B: Kegs. Interviewer: What runs around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 370B: Um. Interviewer: That metal piece. 370B: Uh huh I know what it is. The wood things are called stays and and and that is called a hoof. #1 That holds the stays. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # What do you put in the top of a bottle? 370B: Cork. Interviewer: Uh what's a little musical instrument that two children play it's a little and they play it? 370B: Harp. Is it a harp? They used to now I don't I haven't seen a harp in a long time. {NW} Interviewer: What about uh something that you would hold between your teeth and pick with your fingers that would twine? Ever heard of that? 370B: Yeah er Jew's harp. Interviewer: #1 Okay I never {X} # 370B: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I didn't know you known that one. Uh what do you call uh what do you pound nails with? 370B: A hammer. Interviewer: Uh if you have a wagon and two horses what's that long wooden piece that goes between the horses? 370B: Uh that tongue. Interviewer: You have a horse pulling a buggy. Before you hitch him up you have to back him in between the? 370B: Staves. Interviewer: Uh the steel outside of a wagon wheel is called what? 370B: Um rim. Interviewer: When a horse is hitched to a wagon what do you call the bar of wood that {X} or passes it? 370B: Bar of wood? Uh that's the thing that goes around the shoulders and um Lord I can't uh sling- uh single trees that one I know in uh if you gonna um plow and different things like that you use a singletree and that guides 'em. But there was another something that goes over the shoulders but I forgot what you call it. Interviewer: Um I don't know what you call um {X} 370B: #1 Put it right down here. # Interviewer: #2 A collar? # A horse collar? 370B: No It it you a collar fits over this. Interviewer: Oh. 370B: But I don't know what it is. Anyway uh It works something like a singletree except it's around the neck and the the uh um lines go through these little pieces here and go backward to the bridal. Interviewer: Oh right. What do you call the thing that both of these the horse and the singletree are hitched to in order to keep the horses together? 370B: {NW} Uh well I guess if it's two of 'em you'd call it a doubletree. Interviewer: {NS} If a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along what would you say he was doing? 370B: Hauling wood. Interviewer: Uh Suppose there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a rope to it and? 370B: Drug. Interviewer: Out of the way. 370B: Mm. Interviewer: Kay. Uh what do you break the ground with in the spring? 370B: Plow. Interviewer: After you plow what do you use to break the ground up even finer? 370B: Um I know what it is. You harrow it. Interviewer: You have any different kinds of harrow? 370B: Yes. There's uh I know um they have one harrow that has this lot for these little plows like. It's not a plow but the little parts like underneath and you'd and that makes it finer than the one that just has the few. Interviewer: What is it that the wheels of a wagon spin onto? #1 {X} # 370B: #2 Axle. # Interviewer: Uh what do you call the X shaped plane you lay a log across to chop it into stove length? 370B: A saw buck? Interviewer: You straighten you with a comb and? 370B: Brush. Interviewer: And uh when you use one of those you'd say you're going to? 370B: Brush your hair. Interviewer: Um you sharpen a straight {X} on a leather? 370B: Strap. Interviewer: What do you put in a revolver? 370B: Well you put cartridges bullets uh. Interviewer: A blank. A plank laid over a trap for children to play on is called a what? It's got a {X} plank over it. What do you call that? 370B: Uh saw what now? Interviewer: {X} with a plank laid over that? 370B: Oh seesaw. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a limber plank fixed at both ends that children use to jump up and down on? 370B: A limber plank. #1 Well I don't I guess that's just what it is uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh there might be a plank that is anchored in the middle of a post or a stump and children get on each end and spin around on. What do you call that? 370B: Well. Aux: Seesaw. 370B: You don't call it a seesaw you call it kind of a ferris wheel or something like that. Interviewer: Um when you tying on rope to a tree limb and you put a seat on it so that children can go back and forth you're making a? 370B: Swing. Interviewer: What do you carry coal in? 370B: Scuttle. Interviewer: What runs from the stove to the chimney? 370B: Runs from the stove to the chimney? A pipe. Interviewer: A small vehicle could carry bricks or other heavy things with? 370B: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: What do you sharpen a {X} on? Or any kind of knife? 370B: Uh some kind of a wet stone. Interviewer: #1 and # 370B: #2 I believe they call it. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If it turns around what do you call it then? 370B: Well it's um grindstone. Interviewer: Uh what's the thing that I drive? 370B: Car. Interviewer: You ever call it anything else? 370B: Automobile. Interviewer: Uh if something is squeaking to make it stop squeaking what do you do to it? 370B: Well lots of times a little grease will help it oil it or grease it either one. Interviewer: {NW} okay. If you got a um doing that and you got grease all over your hand you say your hands are all? 370B: Messed up greasy. Interviewer: Uh if you have a door hinge that's squeaking what uh do you say you're gonna do to that? 370B: Well I know you you'd put a little oil on it. #1 You have to be careful. # Interviewer: #2 What is it that you uh # use to burn in lamps? 370B: Oil. Kerosene. Interviewer: What might you call a makeshift lamp made with a rag a bottle and some kerosene? Ever heard of that? 370B: I don't believe I ever did. Interviewer: {X} Uh inside the power of a car is the inner? 370B: Tube. Interviewer: Um {X} has just built a boat and they're going to put it in the water you'd say they're going to? 370B: Christen. Aux: {X} 370B: Or launch it either they chris- christen is when they {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 terrible of waste of # What kind of boat would you go fishing in on a small lake? 370B: Well I think just uh a small uh not a motor boat. Lots of times they have just a little bit of motor on it but just a small little flat boat. Interviewer: You are going to the next village and I said will you be home today you might say no I? 370B: Won't. Interviewer: He said he was going to get some cake or something. Says are you going to get some of that would you said say I'm going to get some or a little or what? 370B: Well I if it's under how if I was gonna get uh more than one kind I would say I was gonna get some. But if it was just gonna pick up a cake I'd say well I'm gonna get a cake. Interviewer: If a child is just learning to dress themselves the mother brings him the clothes and she says? 370B: Here are your clothes. Interviewer: If I ask you if you think Nixon is going to be elected again you say you might say no but? 370B: But he might. Interviewer: Uh if you meet a little boy on the street and he's afraid of you you might try to tell him you're not gonna hurt him by saying don't cry I? 370B: not going to hurt you. Interviewer: If you have uh If you're having an argument with somebody and you want to ask him if he didn't think you were right about this you'd say well I'm right? 370B: Uh aren't I? Interviewer: Um If you were talking about the old days and everything was better than it is now you might lean back and say? 370B: Uh those were the good ol' days #1 But {NW} I don't think I'd want the good ol' days. # Interviewer: #2 (NW} # #1 You might have {NW} # 370B: #2 Yeah {NW} # Interviewer: #1 But some of those tales I heard this morning I think I do too. # 370B: #2 Woo. # Interviewer: Uh if somebody asks was that you I saw in town yesterday you might you say no it? 370B: Was not uh me. Interviewer: Okay. If a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color she takes along a little square cloth to use as a? 370B: Sample. Interviewer: If she sees a dress that she likes very much and is very becoming she says that's a very? 370B: Pretty. Interviewer: Dress. #1 Mm-hmm. # 370B: #2 Kay. # Interviewer: What might you wear over your dress in the kitchen? 370B: Well apron. Interviewer: To sign your name in ink you use a? 370B: Pen. Interviewer: To hold a baby's diaper in place you use a? 370B: Safety pin {NW}. Interviewer: Yeah. Soup you buy usually comes in a? 370B: Can. Interviewer: Uh what do you put on when you go outside in the wintertime? 370B: Cape or coat. Interviewer: Uh sometimes between your coat and your shirt you wear a? 370B: Sweater. {NS} Interviewer: A suit consists of a coat a vest and? 370B: Pants. Interviewer: Ever call 'em anything else? 370B: Trousers. Interviewer: Uh if you go outdoors in the winter without your coat somebody runs after you and brings it to you you'd say here I've? 370B: Brought your coat. Interviewer: Kay. That coat won't fit this year but last year it? 370B: Just fit. Interviewer: If your old clothes wore out you have to buy a? 370B: New new suit if your old clothes wore out. Interviewer: If you stuff a lot of things in a pocket it makes 'em? 370B: Sag. Interviewer: The collar did what in the hot water? 370B: Uh shrunk. Interviewer: When a girl goes to a party and getting ready she says she says she likes to? 370B: Primp. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call that small little leather container with uh that you carry your change in? 370B: Change purse. Interviewer: What does a woman wear around her wrist? 370B: Well you can have a bracelet or you can wear a wa- watch. Interviewer: Suppose there a lot of little things swung up together and you used 'em to go around your neck as an ornament what would you call these? 370B: Beads. Interviewer: What do you wear to hold up? What do you men wear to hold up their trousers? 370B: Well some wear belts and some wear suspenders. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 370B: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What's that thing that you hold over your head when it's raining? 370B: Parasol? Interviewer: What is uh the last thing you put on the bed to make it up? 370B: The spread. Interviewer: At the head of the bed you put your head on a? 370B: Pillow. Interviewer: Uh. You remember using anything at the head of the bed that was about twice as long as the pillow? 370B: Bolster. Interviewer: Uh what do you put on a bed for warmth? 370B: Blanket. Interviewer: What would you call a makeshift sleeping place found on the floor that children would especially like to sleep on? 370B: Pallet. Interviewer: We expect big crop from the field because the soil is very? 370B: Rich or fertile. Interviewer: The flat lowland along the stream overflowing in the spring and plowed up later is called what? 370B: Um that's where we were out there this year I guess you'd call it {D: dessile land or} bottom land. Interviewer: Um what do you call low lying grass land that doesn't have a lot of trees on it? 370B: Uh that you would call that a pasture. Interviewer: #1 Anything else you ever call it? # 370B: #2 Or a meadow. # Interviewer: Uh suppose this was some land that had water standing in it for a good part of the time what would you call it? 370B: Uh swampy land. Swamp. Interviewer: Uh if it were along the coast along an ocean what would you call it then? 370B: Coast. Interviewer: What different parts of uh um What different kinds of soil might you have in a field? If it's real rich what do you call it? 370B: If it's real rich well now they call 'em bottom land and they call it uh uh what did they call this place out there where we were when the river overflowed and uh I forgot what else. It wasn't bottom land though it was river river bottom maybe they called it or something. Interviewer: Any other kinds of soil? 370B: They have {X} It was a lot of sand. But uh When this Mississippi River overflowed this last time there was so much sand that they are having to take big bulldozers and push it up and haul it off to the land cause it won't produce. Interviewer: Hmm. 370B: They had uh stacks of sand as high as this uh building that they had to haul off. Interviewer: Where are they taking it? 370B: Well I don't know uh where they taking it and just dumping it somewhere but they were having trucks loads there to get uh couldn't even plant their crops this year on account of so much sand. Interviewer: Uh if they're getting water on to the {x} they are 370B: Draining. Interviewer: What do you call the thing that uh uh you're draining into? 370B: Uh huh a trench. Interviewer: Anything else you call it? 370B: Yeah um {NS} I don't think you'd say ditch would you? {NW} Interviewer: Um {X} 370B: Uh bay or inlet or something like that. Interviewer: A deep narrow bout cut by a stream of water in the woods or in a field {X} 370B: Uh would you say a gully? Interviewer: Um what do you call a small stream of water? 370B: Well technically it's called a creek. Interviewer: You ever call it anything else? 370B: Branch. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a very small incline of land? 370B: Uh hill. Interviewer: Ever call it anything else? 370B: Well they're called a mound like too I know. Interviewer: Real big what do you call it? 370B: A hill. Interviewer: And if it's huge? 370B: Mountain. Interviewer: Um up in the mountains where the roads go across the whole place what do you call that? 370B: Trail no not a trail. Interviewer: {X} salt and pepper 370B: Hominy Interviewer: Uh what's the starch made from the inside of a grain that's uh grown mostly in China? 370B: There What is what? Interviewer: The starchy food that's made from a grain that's grown in China 370B: Rice? Interviewer: Um what is the name of a non-taxed {X} alcohol beverage 370B: Non-taxed alcoholic beverage uh moonshine. Interviewer: Anything else? Did you ever call it anything else? 370B: Well it's called liquor. Interviewer: When something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nose you say say to someone just 370B: {NS} It smells uh good uh something like that. Interviewer: You crush the cane and you boil the juice and make 370B: Ripping cane syrup in other words. Interviewer: When it gets real thick what do you call it? 370B: Molasses. Interviewer: Uh what do call the sweet thing you make with it to put on pancakes? 370B: Syrup. Interviewer: What's it made out of? 370B: It's made out of cane too. Interviewer: Oh is it? 370B: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if it comes from a tree, what's it called? 370B: Uh it's called um um the sap runs down and uh maple. Interviewer: Uh-huh 370B: Maple syrup. Interviewer: If it's not real maple syrup uh syrup it's called what? 370B: Well I know what it is they just put the maple flavoring in it it's imitation. Interviewer: If it is real syrup its called 370B: Maple syrup genuine maple syrup. Interviewer: Uh sugar is sold retail already put in packages in wholesale it's sold 370B: Uh by the bag Interviewer: #1 Um # 370B: #2 They have # uh sixty pound bags you know twelve five pounds it's put up in five pound bags and they have sixty pounds and then they have two pound bags and I don't know how that's put up and then it's put up in hundred pound bags just the loose sugar too. Interviewer: So when you were in your store you'd buy a whole bunch of it one time? 370B: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 That was # you bought it 370B: In bulk. Interviewer: Um what do you call the sweet spread that you make out of sugar and uh some kind of fruit and you put it on your toast in the morning 370B: Jelly? Interviewer: okay what the difference between jelly and jam? 370B: Well jam has the fruit in it and jelly is strained. Interviewer: What are the two main seasoning you have in the kitchen? 370B: Salt and pepper {NW} Interviewer: Uh if its some apples and a child wants one he says 370B: Give me an apple. Interviewer: If it wasn't these boys it must've been one of 370B: The others. Interviewer: Oo those are lovely. 370B: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You buy them? You pick them 370B: #1 {D: No ginger} # AUX #1: #2 A lot of them just uh # uptown our tomatoes {D: gave out} 370B: We had tomatoes practically all the summer but while we were gone they Interviewer: If you're pointing to a tree way off you might say its 370B: Over yonder? Interviewer: Uh don't do it that way do it 370B: This way. {NS} Interviewer: When somebody speaks to you and you don't hear what he said what do you say to make him repeat it? 370B: What did you say? Interviewer: If a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about but life is hard on a man 370B: That's broke {NS} that doesn't have it {NW} Interviewer: If you don't have any money you're 370B: Broke. Interviewer: What else #1 do you call # 370B: #2 poor # Interviewer: What? 370B: Poor? Interviewer: Uh if you have a lot of peaches you have an 370B: Orchard. Interviewer: When I was boy my father was poor but next door was the boy whose father was 370B: Rich. Interviewer: Inside a cherry what's that called that you don't eat? 370B: Uh I don't know if they call it stone or seed Interviewer: What's inside of a peach? 370B: Stone they call those a stone Interviewer: Uh what different kind of peaches are there? What's the kind that has the 370B: Well there's a clear stone where the meat comes off and just leaves the stone and then there's the clean peach where you have to cut it off and then there's the different colors of peaches too. Indian peach which is red and they are nearly always clean and they make pickled peaches out of those. Interviewer: They're red on the outside and kind of white mm yeah I saw someone that's and Indian peach? 370B: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. 370B: What I mean the meat is red too Interviewer: Oh I #1 ain't ever seen one of those. # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What's the kind that gets real red on the outside but the inside of its kind of light? 370B: Uh-huh I've seen that too I don't know what you call that there I've forgotten the name of it but I have seen them. The meat is white Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And then some of the meat is yellow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: But I've forgotten what they call those white peaches. Interviewer: What do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 370B: Uh the core. Interviewer: Uh when you cut up apples or peaches or anything and you dry them you're making 370B: Dried fruit. Interviewer: What are the kind of nuts you pull up out of the ground and roast them? 370B: Peanuts Interviewer: Ever call them anything else? 370B: Uh goobers goober {NW} Interviewer: What other kind of nuts are there can you name a few? 370B: Well there's walnuts and pecans Nigger toes uh I think they call those are Brazil nuts and then there's cashew nuts and Interviewer: What's that the um flat kind that they put in the Hershey's bar? 370B: Uh almond. Interviewer: Uh what kind of fruit that's big and comes from Florida and 370B: You mean grapefruit? Interviewer: Nope the kind they put in OJ what do you call that? 370B: Uh uh what did you say? Oranges? Interviewer: Uh-huh that and uh what are those little red vegetables that are kind of peppery and they put them in salads they're white on 370B: Carrots Interviewer: #1 No # 370B: #2 I mean uh # radishes. Interviewer: Uh what is it that your husband just brought in and showed you? 370B: tomato {NW} Interviewer: That little bitty tomatoes what you call um 370B: tomatoes we have some of those too Interviewer: Oh 370B: out in the back Interviewer: uh along with your meat you might have a bake 370B: potato Interviewer: kind of potatoes with yellow on the inside we call those 370B: sweet potato Interviewer: difference between sweet potato and a yam 370B: well I believe a yam is a little more yellow than just a regular sweet potato the meat part you know the inside Interviewer: what is it that makes you cry when you cut it up 370B: onions {NW} Interviewer: uh you have a different name for the little bitty fresh ones that 370B: well uh sometimes they just say green onions and then uh they're called uh something else besides green onion too but I can't think of it I don't know Interviewer: um whats that vegetable that your grandson just loves green it comes in a pod 370B: oh green beans? uh okra? Interviewer: uh if you leave an apple or a plum around that dries up and it 370B: it shrivels {NS} Interviewer: what are the kinds of vegetables that come in large leafy heads? 370B: cabbage lettuce Interviewer: uh what do you want to get when you want to get the beans out of the pods by hand say I have to 370B: uh out of the #1 pod # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 370B: you have to shell them. Interviewer: uh the large yellowish flat bean in the seed not pods are called what 370B: you talking about butter beans? there's a big butter bean and a little butter bean Interviewer: what do you call a butter beans that have a the maroon- 370B: #1 speckle speckle Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 speckle butter beans? # 370B: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # the kind of beans that you eat pod and all are called what? 370B: green beans Interviewer: you take the tops of turnips and you cook and you make a mess of 370B: just turnip greens the top of them are called turnip greens and some people uh cook some of the roots in with them too the turnips Interviewer: Mm-hmm 370B: but I generally cook mine separate I like mine cooked separate Interviewer: I don't think I've ever eaten turnip greens 370B: ah they're good put a little butter in it with just a tiny little bit of sugar and uh mash them up #1 not too much sugar # Interviewer: #2 kind of like potatoes? # 370B: uh-huh Interviewer: what do you call this part of the body? 370B: head Interviewer: if he had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a of kids? a what? 370B: he had uh uh batch of children? Interviewer: anything else you might call it 370B: hassle Interviewer: whats the outside of a an ear of corn? whats that called 370B: uh you're talking about the shucks? Interviewer: uh whats the kind of corn you eat on the cob? 370B: boiled corn. Interviewer: uh whats the strange silky stuff that comes out the top of corn? 370B: silks. Interviewer: what what what do you call the corn stalk? 370B: well you just call it the stalk {NW} Interviewer: whats that uh kinda of large orange food that we had a couple of days ago called? for Halloween whats that called? 370B: pumpkin. Interviewer: uh kinda small yellow crook neck vegetable? 370B: a squash Interviewer: what kinds of melon did you have? 370B: well you have the uh watermelon mainly and you have cantaloupe and you have this uh honeydew melon I don't know Interviewer: uh what is it that springs up in the woods in the fields after a rain? 370B: you're talking about uh mushrooms? Interviewer: mm-hmm ever call 'em anything else? 370B: toadstools. we have them out here in the dog yard sometime. they grow this high over night. They're not there the next day and the next day you go out and they just oh lots of them Interviewer: uh {NS} Is there a difference between a toadstool and a mushroom? 370B: yes there is. uh the toadstools are larger I think and maybe uh poisonous and the reg- uh you you know you have a regular mushroom that you can eat. Interviewer: if a man has a sore throat so the inside of his throats all swollen he they couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't 370B: swallow ooh I've had it spell it's kind of hot AUX #2: {X} 370B: oh right AUX #2: {X} down here by twelve Interviewer: okay. you alright? 370B: I'm feeling alright I don't know what got {X} I I have these spells like I'm gonna faint you know, fall Interviewer: you wanna rest awhile? 370B: I'm not that tired I just don't really these I've got are {X} But I hadn't had them in a few alright Interviewer: uh what do people smoke 370B: they smart smoke up cigars and cigarettes Interviewer: now 370B: {D: a hype} Interviewer: um there were a lot of people at the party having a good time they were all standing around the piano 370B: singing and laughing Interviewer: um he wouldn't accept the coat even though he was shivering with the cold because he didn't want to be 370B: uh he didn't want to be brought down. Interviewer: he didn't want to feel as though he owed that person anything. 370B: oh Interviewer: he didn't want to be what? 370B: indebted. Interviewer: Uh somebody asking about you doing a certain job and you say sure I 370B: can do it. Interviewer: Uh if you can't do it what do you say no 370B: no I can't. Interviewer: uh somebody asks you about sundown to do some work and you say I got out to work before sun up and I 370B: will work all day. Interviewer: If you're talking about the fact that so few of your old friends are still alive you might say I spent all week looking for my high school classmates it seems they're all 370B: gone Interviewer: and what's the situation {X} if he's supposed to be watching out for himself he you say he 370B: owes me? Interviewer: he's trying to to uh be careful. he 370B: ought to do so and so ought to be? Interviewer: I'll dare you to go through the grave yard at night but I'll bet you 370B: won't. Interviewer: uh you knew when you first agreed to go that you weren't telling mother you say you 370B: you should go or should do whatever you agreed to do. Interviewer: Okay uh a boy got a whipping you say I bet he did something he 370B: shouldn't have done. Interviewer: yes uh I say will you do it you say no 370B: I won't. Interviewer: when you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your friend was standing around helping you say you 370B: say your friend was helping you Interviewer: he wasn't helping you did that by yourself and he stood there and watched you. 370B: uh-huh Interviewer: you say you 370B: might have helped me or you should have helped me. Interviewer: okay um what's the kind of bird you can see in the dark? 370B: ooh owl. Interviewer: any particular kind of owl? 370B: a hoot owl they call it. Interviewer: mm I see. uh whats the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 370B: you talking about a pecker wood? Interviewer: uh kinds of black and white animals with that powerful smell about 'em? 370B: uh uh uh um polecat. Interviewer: uh what kind of animals come and raid hen roosts? 370B: uh I think they used to claim that possums would do that and I don't know if that's uh right or not I know they would kill the um there was some other kind of animal that would kill the uh hens. Interviewer: Mm 370B: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 370B: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 370B: uh they'd make a little hole in their neck and suck the blood out of them and things like that I could call and ask him what kind. Tom! I don't know where he is. it doesn't {X}? I don't know what you call them but I know they have come in on our chickens when we lived in the country. Interviewer: mm-hmm 370B: and maybe they'd get two or three in one night. Interviewer: snake or some- 370B: #1 no it wasn't a snake # Interviewer: #2 an owl? # 370B: uh-huh he was kinda like this um It wasn't a a owl. um I forgot what they called them anyway they would come in at night and get up on the roost and attack the chickens Interviewer: Mm. I don't know I can't even think what it might have been. 370B: uh Tom will know but he's not in here right now Tom Tom Interviewer: #1 what do you call uh # 370B: #2 tom what happened # Interviewer: #1 what a you an animal green call # AUX #2: #2 {X} # 370B: squirrel. AUX #2: a mink. 370B: mink minks. Interviewer: mink was the one that 370B: came in and killed the chickens on the roost. Interviewer: they just ran wild? that the same they make coats out of now? 370B: uh well just a wild mink and they uh lived in the woods you know and they would come in and attack the chickens at night while he's on the roost. Interviewer: what what um color the squirrels mostly? 370B: uh they call them uh grey squirrels but they're not exactly grey they're more of a light tan. Interviewer: Can you think of any other kind of squirrel? 370B: {X} only two the brown and the the grey. Interviewer: um Can you think of a name for a little animal that's kinda like a squirrel but he doesn't climb trees? 370B: a chipmunk we have some out here in the backyard but w- we had some pecans on the porch day before yesterday uh we were eating lunch and Tom said look out at that little chipmunk had one of those- {NS} Interviewer: Mrs Tom Randall tape six. {NS} um {NS} talking about chipmunks eating a pecan that's right okay. name all the kinds of fish you can think about and can get around here. 370B: well you get the catfish and you get the um bream Interviewer: #1 more than anything too # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 # 370B: #2 # and uh where we were last week Tom what do you call those fish that uh uh AUX #2: They're trout 370B: {X} and them got up yonder. AUX #3: call them {X} 370B: those fish that they bought that we got out of the lake. AUX #3: Those were catfish 370B: no those other kind. AUX #3: you mean craw crawfish? 370B: crawfish Mm-hmm they were real good too. AUX #2: trout Interviewer: {X} 370B: #1 uh-huh # AUX #3: #2 they # called {X} or they called white perch. Interviewer: white perch? AUX #3: white perch some of them call 'em. some people call them crawfish cause crawfish is the right name. 370B: that's the main kind that we get here Interviewer: anytime you uh great now you can tell me 370B: well just go ahead I Interviewer: Uh what is what's that little kind of animal there're a lot in the ocean that has pearls in it? 370B: oh you talking about the oyster? Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh what is it that croaks in the marshland what do you call that? 370B: frog Interviewer: and a male frog is a 370B: bullfrog Interviewer: uh what are the little ones that you hear in the spring time? Little bitty frogs what do you call them? 370B: Is that what you call croakers? something like that. Interviewer: uh what's the brown thing that lives in the garden and it's supposed to give you warts? 370B: uh well it's supposed to give you warts uh well thats a frog too. Interviewer: any special kind of frog? 370B: uh just a toad. Interviewer: um what are the things that you dig up to go fishing with? 370B: worms. red worms. Interviewer: always red worms? 370B: well they're nearly always red. Interviewer: #1 uh # 370B: #2 we've got and they # do your land a lots of good too. they tough to bait you see they go around and and work around your flowers and things like that. Interviewer: um what i- what's that animal with that large shell who can pull his legs and arms and head under 370B: #1 oh turtle? # Interviewer: #2 on the sides # 370B: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # have you uh a um heard of another animal that's somewhat like a turtle only it lives on dry land? 370B: yeah Interviewer: what's it called? 370B: gopher? and a terrapin. Interviewer: terrapin? 370B: terrapin lives on on land don't go in the water and a turtle I think will go in both land and water. I believe that's the difference. Interviewer: uh what kind of thing uh is it that you you find in fresh water spring that doesn't have thats got claws #1 when you turn it over # 370B: #2 crawfish # Interviewer: what? uh if you go to um um town along the cost and you want a particular kind of fo- seafood the little kind that are pink and they cut the heads off and have and we call those 370B: um they are um shrimp Interviewer: what's that um insect that fli- flies around lights and supposed to eat through your wool clothes? 370B: moth Interviewer: got more than one what do you got? 370B: moths Interviewer: um what's that uh insect that tail flashes on and off? 370B: lightning bug. Interviewer: and um the long thin bodied insect that has a hard beak and a pair of real shiny wings? it hovers around that places and eats big mosquitos. 370B: um I can't uh think I oh a dragonfly. they they do eat a lot of insects #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 not just mosquitos? # #1 they eat a lot of other things? # 370B: #2 uh-huh # they tell me they do. I know a farmer's friend I had a lot of little uh uh note book Interviewer: mm-hmm 370B: paper you know? and they uh had this different kind of insects on it and it says farmer's friend and it told on there what all they did. Interviewer: oh 370B: and it was insects there that I never dreamed would be any good to the farmer but they uh guess they don't ever kill these kind. Interviewer: Hmm. 370B: and I had already been trying to get rid of all that I could find cause I thought they were real dangerous or something. Interviewer: uh what kind of insects can you think of that sting people? 370B: wasp and uh bees and hornet and yellow jackets oo I had a hornet I- I guess it was it bit me when I was up yonder. in Arkansas and the it last two days I thought I never get rid of that place hurting in my hand. Interviewer: what about when you're out hunting whats that kinda bug that eats you alive? 370B: well there's uh mosquitos and there's chiggers those little bitty red things that get on you. Interviewer: Mm. 370B: uh-huh Interviewer: red bugs? 370B: red bugs they're chiggers. Interviewer: Hmm. what's that green insect sometimes it brown and hops along the ground- 370B: grasshopper? Interviewer: um what are the small fish what do you call them? used for bait 370B: minnows? Interviewer: uh what is it that stretches across doorways and where people haven't been in- 370B: spider webs. Interviewer: um part of the tree that's underneath the ground? 370B: roots. Interviewer: uh kind of tree where you tap syrup? 370B: well maple. Interviewer: and uh what do you call a place where there's a lot of maple trees growing? 370B: I guess you'd call it a grove. Interviewer: you ever uh heard a name for the kind of tree with the real broad leaves that that shed 'em all at one time? the bark peels off and {X} 370B: yes they have those little balls uh sycamore. we have some sycamore trees uh did have right up up where we used to live downtown. Interviewer: can you think of any other kinds of trees you have around here? {NS} they're real tall. {NS} 370B: well we have the pine tree. and we have uh {NS} this little tree that grows up and has the flower AUX #2: hello 370B: and the leaves froze up at night I forgot anyway maple and and cyan and oak and sycamore and things like that Interviewer: uh what what was the kind of tree that George Washington cut down? 370B: cherry. Interviewer: uh AUX #3: I heard you were gonna be with us Interviewer: what are the bushes some different kinds of bushes that make your skin break out? 370B: poison ivy. Interviewer: any other kind? 370B: and poison oak AUX #3: what Interviewer: um what is it that uh that roof that's red like a {X} but it's um bigger and 370B: plum. Interviewer: well 370B: not a plum either huh? Interviewer: red and it's got uh seeds on the outside of it 370B: oh a strawberry Interviewer: ah kinds of berries with real rough surface and little bitty and they're red too? 370B: raspberries. Interviewer: and um if um if you eat sometimes the berries they'll kill you they're called 370B: po- uh poison berries Interviewer: uh what's a tall bush with cluster of real pretty pink and white flowers? got flow- flowers on it in the spring time. pink ones and white 370B: oh you mean the laurel? Interviewer: um whats that one that's got much bigger ones with long {X} stems? 370B: um rhododendron {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: um what's a tree name that the south is so famous for. it's huge and has great big flowers on it. white 370B: magnolia? we have a couple out here in the front. Interviewer: {X} if a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she says I must ask 370B: my husband. Interviewer: uh and a man would say I must ask 370B: my wife. Interviewer: a woman whose lost her husband is called a 370B: widow. Interviewer: uh and a man if you're the son of a man you'd call him your 370B: father. Interviewer: uh what did you call your father? 370B: well lots of times they say dad or daddy. Interviewer: mm-hmm um the wife of your father is 370B: grand- oh the wife of your father is your mother. Interviewer: and uh your- what do you call your mother? 370B: momma. Interviewer: uh your father and mother together are your 370B: parents Interviewer: your father's father is your 370B: grandfather. Interviewer: and his wife is your 370B: grandmother. Interviewer: do you have any special name for your grandparents? like granny or 370B: no in fact I never uh saw my grand my parents my grand-parents. except uh now mother's s- uh step grandmother I saw her and I saw my uh mother's uh father but we called him um grandpa Massey. we called him grandpa and this other uh we called her uh grandma. but um my mother's uh my grand daddy's I mean my daddy's mother and father I never did see Interviewer: your son's and daughters are your 370B: children Interviewer: uh something on wheels that you put a baby in and it lies down in it- 370B: carriage. Interviewer: uh if you put the baby in the carriage you go out and 370B: push or take a stroll {NS} Interviewer: um how would you say your grand children range in age? Haley is 370B: youngest or oldest. Interviewer: and uh they're close to being adults you'd say they're 370B: nearly grown. Interviewer: uh your children are your sons and your 370B: daughters. Interviewer: uh your children aren't boys their 370B: girls. Interviewer: #1 beautiful girls # 370B: #2 yes those girls # Interviewer: {NW} okay if a woman is going to have a baby you'd say she's 370B: pregnant. Interviewer: if you don't have a doctor to deliver did you have a doctor for all your babies? 370B: mm-hmm. if you didn't have one whats the woman that you'd send for? a midwife. Interviewer: uh 370B: but mine were all born at home. Interviewer: they were? how'd you get the doctor there okay? 370B: just called him. he came. Interviewer: {X}. 370B: uh-huh. Interviewer: if a boy and his father have the same appearance you'd say the boy 370B: looks like his daddy. Interviewer: if a mother has looked after has looked after three children till they are grown you'd say she has 370B: raised. Interviewer: to a bad child you'd say you are going to get a 370B: spanking. Interviewer: If Bob is five inches tall this year and you say, Bob 370B: grew that or Interviewer: or you certainly have 370B: grown. Interviewer: a child that's born to an unmarried woman is a 370B: unmarried? Interviewer: uh-huh uh he- sh- he's um bastard. 370B: that's right Interviewer: Anything else? 370B: I wanted to say something else but uh I don't know what what that word was illegitimate I knew there was a {X}. something that didn't sound quite as bad as a bastard. sounds terrible. illegitimate that's what I was going to say. Interviewer: um Jane is a loving child but Peggy is a lot 370B: more loving. Interviewer: uh your brother's son is called your 370B: nephew. Interviewer: uh a child that's lost its father and mother is called 370B: orphan. Interviewer: a person who's appointed to look after an orphan is its 370B: guardian. Interviewer: If the woman gives a party and invites all the people that are related to her you'd say she asks all 370B: the family uh relatives. Interviewer: ah. if she has the same family name and does look a bit like me but I'm actually 370B: not kin or related. Interviewer: some one who comes into town and no one has ever seen him before he's a 370B: stranger. Interviewer: uh oh these are all names now. uh what's a- you have a daughter the red headed daughter's name was 370B: Mary Jane Interviewer: Mary uh what was the name of George Washington's wife? 370B: Martha. Interviewer: uh a nickname for Helen that begins with n? 370B: begins with n? Interviewer: uh-huh 370B: it begin- well that's Nelly. uh Interviewer: uh nickname for a little boy whose name is William? begins with a b. 370B: bill. Interviewer: and 370B: billy. Interviewer: uh what's the first book in the new testament? 370B: exodus I mean uh genesis no the new testament Matthews Interviewer: uh a woman who conducts school is a 370B: supposed to be teacher. {X} something like that Interviewer: {NW} um a person who makes barrels is a 370B: oh let's see a cooper I guess you'd call him. Interviewer: uh a preacher that's not really trained he hadn't, doesn't have a- a license or anything to preach but he does preach regularly is called what? AUX #2: {X} 370B: well no I don't think you'd say unordained you would say um I don't know what you'd call you wouldn't call 'em a pastor. I don't know what you call them. Interviewer: okay um what relation would your mother's sister be? 370B: my aunt. Interviewer: uh you know the name Abraham's wife's name was? 370B: Sarah? Interviewer: uh If your father had a brother and you wanted to call him by his name you would call him 370B: uncle so and so. Interviewer: uh the commander of the army of north Virginia was this during the the war between the states. the commander of the southern army was 370B: general lee Interviewer: uh the old man who introduced Kentucky fried to the world what's his name? 370B: uh colonel Johnson isn't it uh colonel uh sanders yeah I remember they uh mustache and all that {X} uh-huh Interviewer: um what do they call the man whose in charge of the ship? 370B: captain Interviewer: you ever use that in any other situation? 370B: well a captain on, well that's on the boat though. um I guess there is but right now I can't think of it. Interviewer: how do you um address the man who presides over the county court? 370B: uh the judge? Interviewer: if his name is smith what do you call him? 370B: judge smith. Interviewer: uh what do you call a person who goes to college to study? 370B: student. Interviewer: a person employed by a private business man to look after his correspondence is called his private 370B: secretary. Interviewer: {NW} excuse me. a woman who appears in a play or a movie is 370B: actress. Interviewer: uh was your nationality? anybody born in the united states is called an 370B: American. Interviewer: uh what was what's the name that you use to call members of a race different from yours? 370B: uh Interviewer: all your maids used to be 370B: well you mean negroes? Interviewer: uh your race is 370B: white. Interviewer: uh a person whose born of a racially mixed background say a white mother and a black father is called a what? 370B: well would you say a mix breed? Interviewer: um what would you call the man you worked for? 370B: well lots of times you say my boss. Interviewer: if uh what {X} do the Negroes often say? 370B: um call 'em uh master his master so and so or so Interviewer: white people who aren't very well off they haven't much education or anything what are they called? 370B: {NW} I have heard 'em called poor white trash. {NW} Interviewer: anything else? 370B: ignorant? Interviewer: anything else? 370B: uh redneck? Interviewer: um what do um negroes call poor whites? 370B: they say poor white trash I guess {NW} just like that. Interviewer: somebody who lives out in the country doesn't know anything about town ways uh and when you gets to town everybody can tell he's from the country he might say I don't know anything about city ways I'm just an old 370B: country man. country boy. Interviewer: anything else? 370B: hill billy. Interviewer: uh-huh if it's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well it's not quite midnight yet it's 370B: almost. Interviewer: uh you slip and catched yourself you say this is a dangerous place I 370B: almost fell. Interviewer: somebody is waiting for you to get ready so you can go out with him and he calls to you uh hey will you be ready soon you might answer I'll be with you 370B: in a minute. Interviewer: you know your on the right road but you're not sure of the distance so you ask somebody how 370B: far. Interviewer: alright if you're pointing out something nearby you say 370B: look here. Interviewer: um if you want to know how many times you say something you say how 370B: often. Interviewer: you agree with a friend when he says I'm not going to do that or I'm not going to vote for that guy you say 370B: if you agree with him? Interviewer: not agree yes you do agree with him. 370B: uh-huh you'd say uh I'm not either. Interviewer: um what do you call the part of your face that's right above your eyes? 370B: forehead. Interviewer: uh you go to the barber and have him cut your 370B: well hair. barber cuts your hair and also shaves you too {X}. Interviewer: shaves your what? 370B: uh mustache whiskers face beard. Interviewer: um where did the old time storekeeper keep his pencil when he wasn't using it? 370B: behind his ear {NW} Interviewer: okay what two sides? 370B: uh well I would say right side Interviewer: okay what's the other side called? 370B: left. Interviewer: uh if someone's mumbling you say take that chewing gum out of your 370B: mouth. Interviewer: he got a chicken stuck in his 370B: a chicken? Interviewer: chicken bone 370B: bone stuck in your throat. Interviewer: you have the dentist look at your 370B: teeth. Interviewer: and uh 370B: gums Interviewer: around {X} you hold that baby bird in the what do you call the inside- 370B: palm of your hand. Interviewer: uh if you close your hand up 370B: fist. Interviewer: more than one is 370B: fists Interviewer: uh any place were you can bend your finger and your hand and your arm what's that- 370B: joint. Interviewer: Uh the upper part of a man's body is his 370B: chest. Interviewer: uh they measure the height of horses in 370B: hands. Interviewer: the pain ran from his heel all the way up his 370B: thigh. Interviewer: what's the thigh a part of your le- uh that called? 370B: uh leg? Interviewer: uh I found one over a box in the dark it bruised my 370B: shin. Interviewer: back part of thighs are called what? 370B: back part of thighs? haunches. Interviewer: uh someone's been sick a while they're up and about now but he's still looks a little 370B: peckish? {NS} Interviewer: {X} um persons who can lift heavy weights are 370B: strong. Interviewer: um one who's very easy to get along with 370B: well I don't know I have heard 'em called uh even tempered. Interviewer: Uh when a boy's in his teens and he's apt to be all arms and legs and can't walk through a room without knocking all the furniture you say at that age he's awfully 370B: clumsy. Interviewer: a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you'd say he is a plain 370B: {NW} you say he's a plain fool I guess or crazy. Interviewer: uh what do you call a person who won't ever spend any money? 370B: well now lots of people call 'em um tight wad and then some other call 'em misers and they're just different names. Interviewer: Ya. uh when you use the word common about people what do you mean? 370B: well they're just ordinary people there's nothing outstanding and maybe they are kinda ignorant people too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm if an old man is still very strong and active and he doesn't show his age you'd say he's still quite 370B: young for his age. Interviewer: if if the young person you're talking one that's always moving around and always on the go you say he is very 370B: active. Interviewer: the children are out later than usual you'd say I don't suppose there's anything wrong but I can't help feeling a little 370B: uneasy. Interviewer: I don't want to go upstairs in the dark I'm 370B: afraid. Interviewer: she isn't afraid now but she 370B: used to be afraid of the dark. Interviewer: uh I don't understand why she's afraid she 370B: didn't used to be. Interviewer: uh somebody who leaves a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked you say he's mighty 370B: generous? Interviewer: {NW} well if somebody came in and took it what if he didn't do it on 370B: #1 oh careless # Interviewer: #2 purpose? # 370B: careless. Interviewer: um there's nothing really wrong with aunt Lizzie but sometimes she acts kind of 370B: crazy? Interviewer: what else? 370B: strange? Interviewer: um think of anything else you might say? 370B: different? AUX #2: peculiar 370B: queer? Interviewer: uh if a man is very sure of his own way and he never wants to change you say don't be so 370B: set in your ways. Interviewer: um somebody you can't joke with without him losing his temper you say he's mighty 370B: touchy? Interviewer: I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get 370B: mad? Interviewer: #1 somebody's about to lose # 370B: #2 upset? # Interviewer: his temper you tell him just 370B: quiet down. Interviewer: if you've been working very hard you say you're very 370B: tired. Interviewer: um I'm completely 370B: exhausted. Interviewer: um if a person has been quite well and you hear that suddenly they have some disease you say last night she 370B: uh Interviewer: She just all of a sudden 370B: was taken sick. Interviewer: um but she'll be up again by 370B: maybe tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay if it's just a little while you say 370B: soon Interviewer: if as person sat in a drought and began to cough you'd say last night he 370B: took cold. Interviewer: uh if he did it If you had done it before he'd 370B: had uh taken. Interviewer: uh if its affected his voice he 370B: is hoarse. {NS} Interviewer: whats this? {NW} 370B: cough. Interviewer: Uh I'd better go to bed I'm feeling a little 370B: drowsy. all sleepy. Interviewer: uh at six o'clock I'll 370B: wake up wake up. Interviewer: Uh he's still sleeping you better go 370B: eas- quietly or easy. Easily. Interviewer: Uh if the medicine is still by the patient's bedside you would ask why haven't you 370B: taken. Interviewer: If you can't hear something at all you'd say you are stone 370B: deaf. Interviewer: he began to sweat when he started to work by the time he finished you would say he a lot in the sun? 370B: uh he uh sweated. Interviewer: A discharging sore that comes to a head is called what? 370B: uh you mean a pickle? uh rising? rising. Interviewer: Okay you ever have any of those? 370B: Oh I used to have 'em on the neck of my on the back of my neck. Interviewer: what'd you do for 'em? 370B: uh well I remember uh {X} momma used to put just a little piece of white meat on it when it first started that would draw it to a head. and then I uh never will forget one time {X} daddy uh pinch me on one I had the back of my neck and he didn't know it well it got well but it {X}. Interviewer: it hurt? 370B: uh-huh they say that the the sign that you may be a diabetic when you have lots of boils uh-huh and sure enough I turned out to be one. Interviewer: hmm 370B: but I had boils often when I was younger . Interviewer: hmm uh what is it that's inside a boil? 370B: well they call it a core that you- when you get that core out why it gets well. Interviewer: what about the uh outside of the core? 370B: uh puss? Interviewer: uh if you've got some infection in your hand so that your hand got bigger than it ought to be you say my hand 370B: swollen or swelled. Interviewer: uh when you get a blister the liquid that forms under the pin is 370B: called water. Interviewer: um in a war if a bullet goes through your arm you say you have a 370B: wound. Interviewer: uh a kind of skinless grove in a wound thats got to be burned out 370B: uh uh grove? I wonder if that's the uh scar tissue that's around there or if it's an infection that you have to burn it out. Interviewer: Oh I never heard of this either I don't know uh if you get just a little cut in your finger what do you put on it? 370B: iodine. and uh you put merthiolate. thats good. Interviewer: uh 370B: and then they have just a spray now that kills all kind of germs. you just you just push a little uh cube or something you know and it sprays out on there. Interviewer: oh yeah. 370B: I don't know what you call it. Interviewer: wick or something. 370B: uh Interviewer: first aid spray? 370B: yeah but I didn't have that when I was raising mine up. I had to use the other stuff that you had to apply. Interviewer: uh the medicine they developed in England during the second world war it's real strong for malaria what'd they call that? 370B: {X} Interviewer: uh if a man were shot and he didn't recover you'd say that he 370B: died. Interviewer: uh any cruel humorous way of saying that? 370B: passed on? Interviewer: yep 370B: uh cruel- cruel way? Interviewer: making fun of 'em 370B: aw I don't know. kicked the bucket yeah that would uh or either he pegged out or things like that. yeah you don't think of those things right off but I have heard 'em say well he kicked the bucket. Mm-hmm Interviewer: uh if you're not sure why he died you'd say I don't know what he died 370B: of. Interviewer: uh what do you call the place people are buried? 370B: cemetery. Interviewer: uh box that people are buried in? 370B: coffin you mean? Interviewer: um what's the ceremony that you have when a person dies? 370B: well they call it funeral. Interviewer: Uh and if the the people who were real close to them they go into 370B: mourning. Interviewer: um somebody meets you on the street and says well how are you today? you're feeling just about average you'd say oh I'm 370B: so and so. Interviewer: {NW} uh if somebody's troubled you might say oh it will all a come out all right 370B: in w- on wash day. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 370B: #2 that's what # they used to say it'll come out on wash day. Interviewer: uh you don't want 'em to be concerned about it you'd say 370B: don't worry. Interviewer: Uh the disease of the joints, what's that called? 370B: rheu- rheumatism. Interviewer: a very 370B: lots of times now they call it arthritis. Interviewer: oh is it the same? 370B: but I think it's about the same thing outright rheumatism cause they never did now anything from rheumatism they couldn't cure that either. they rubbed with different kind of uh oils ointments and things like that but you still had rheumatism. and now you don't hear about rheumatism it's always arthritis. but I think it's the same thing. Interviewer: probably so like um I'm convinced that lung cancer and consumption are the same thing. 370B: yeah about. Interviewer: um you now a name for a very severe sore throat that has blisters on the inside in the sore throat? 370B: uh diphtheria. Interviewer: Uh what's the disease that makes you turn yellow? 370B: malaria fever? and jaundice yes yellow jaundice yes {X}. Interviewer: um when you have your um appendix taken out you say you've had an attack of 370B: appendicitis. Interviewer: Uh say if you get- eat something that didn't agree with you it wouldn't stay down you'd say you had to 370B: vomit? Interviewer: uh somebody pretty bad this way you might say he leaned on the fence or something and 370B: vomited. Interviewer: if a person vomited he was sick 370B: to their stomach. Interviewer: uh she hardly got the news when she came right over right over 370B: the tell me. Interviewer: uh if you invite somebody to come and you {X} come and see you this evening and you want to tell them you'll be disappointed if he doesn't come you say now if you don't come 370B: I will be disappointed. Interviewer: if you both are going to be glad to see you then you say we 370B: we will be glad to see you. Interviewer: if you do that again you're talking to a little kid you say you do that again I'll 370B: spank you. Interviewer: um if a boy's beginning to pay serious attention to a girl he is 370B: courting. Interviewer: anything else you ever call? 370B: falling in love. {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: um what do you uh if they're in love what do you call him? her 370B: you you would you would say he was boyfriend or her course they're not uh engaged or anything it wouldn't be fiancee. Interviewer: uh if and she is his 370B: fiancee. Interviewer: uh a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar and his little brother said he's been 370B: kissing {NW} Interviewer: anything else you ever call it? besides kissing? 370B: {D: busing} smooching uh I think smooching is the main thing they used to say. Interviewer: um If he asks her to marry him and she doesn't want to what do you say she did to him? 370B: well she refused him. Interviewer: uh uh if people uh if she doesn't refuse {X} they get 370B: engaged. Interviewer: and then they 370B: marry. Interviewer: anything else you ever call it besides getting married? 370B: oh get hitched? {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever use that word {X}? 370B: no I don't I don't think that sounds very good I don't like that like I do marriage. Interviewer: at a wedding the man who stands up with the groom is the the one whose the witness to the groom 370B: uh-huh he's the best man. Interviewer: and for the um girl? 370B: the girl is the maid of honor. Interviewer: and the other girls they're called 370B: brides maids. Interviewer: uh a noisy {X} it comes around to the house after a wedding what's that called? 370B: reception. Interviewer: um if you were um in Atlanta and you were going to Memphis you'd say you're going how you gonna get there? 370B: going up to Memphis? Interviewer: uh he lives if you were gonna say he lives in a particular place you'd say he lives so he lives with somebody else? 370B: uh he lived uh by himself? Interviewer: okay if he doesn't if he lives with another family what would you say? he lives 370B: with them? Interviewer: uh there was trouble at the party and the police came and a- arrested you'd say he's gonna arrest everybody you'd say he arrested the 370B: the crowd whole crowd. Interviewer: um what do young people like to go out and do in the evening? with music on- 370B: dance. Interviewer: uh children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four o'clock school does what 370B: uh school is out or school not um not recess Interviewer: no when it's completely over what do they what do you call that? 370B: lets out. Interviewer: uh after a vacation day school when does they say when does school 370B: begin. Interviewer: a boy left home to go to school and he didn't show up he 370B: played hooky I guess. Interviewer: at college is it still playing hooky? 370B: uh well I don't know whether you call it that or not I guess you do. Interviewer: um you go to school to get an 370B: you go to school to get an education. Interviewer: after high school you go onto 370B: college. Interviewer: after kinder- kindergarten you go into the 370B: just the regular school. Interviewer: what do you call the the ones where the little kids go 370B: uh primary. Interviewer: anything else? 370B: elementary. Interviewer: uh somebody left a note if you're a teacher and you went into your room you'd say somebody left a note on my 370B: desk Interviewer: a building especially for books is called what? 370B: library. Interviewer: {X} 370B: {X} Interviewer: If you stay overnight in the {X} you'd stay in a 370B: motel or hotel. Interviewer: Uh you'd see a play at a 370B: uh theater. Interviewer: uh you have an operation in what 370B: hospital. Interviewer: don't want any of that and uh whats Lillian's profession? 370B: nursing. Interviewer: Uh you catch a train at the 370B: depot. Interviewer: An open place in the city where the green grass would be growing and everything is called what? 370B: a park. Interviewer: and the one that has the court house on it is what? 370B: the city square generally but uh the old towns but now they don't have a city square. Interviewer: oh that's a shame. I think it's very pretty um when two streets cross a man starts at the one corner and he walks to the opposite corner you'd say he walked how? if it's two two streets uh like this and you go from here to here 370B: oh criss cross. Interviewer: um if it's not in a straight line what is it? 370B: zig zag. Interviewer: vehicles that uh used to run on tracks with a wire over head like they have in San Francisco what do you call those? 370B: uh they were street cars. Interviewer: Do you have them in {X}? 370B: we didn't we did have 'em we don't have 'em anymore. Interviewer: uh if you tell the bus driver uh next corner is where I want 370B: off. Interviewer: um here in Jackson county um {X} is the If it's the most important 370B: #1 county feet # Interviewer: #2 in the county # 370B: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh who pays the post master? 370B: the federal Interviewer: federal what? 370B: government. Interviewer: uh the police in the town are supposed to maintain what? 370B: peace. Interviewer: okay if you gonna say that in more than one word what would you say? 370B: law and order. Interviewer: uh what was that name of a fight between the north and the southern state that started in eighteen sixty-one? 370B: the civil war a war between the states. Interviewer: Uh before they had the electric tell the electric chair uh what did they do to murderers/ they were 370B: executed uh they were hung. Interviewer: um Albany is the capital of what? 370B: uh New York state. AUX #2: thats Peggy she's on her way Interviewer: okay and Annapolis is the capital of 370B: Maryland Interviewer: um Richmond the capital of what? 370B: Virginia Interviewer: and Raleigh? 370B: North Carolina. Interviewer: the one right next to North Carolina? 370B: South Carolina Interviewer: and right below that where I live? 370B: Georgia. Interviewer: and where my mother lives? 370B: {NW} Florida Interviewer: and where you live? 370B: Alabama. Interviewer: uh when you run on the Mississippi river down where New Orleans is 370B: uh Louisiana. Interviewer: and the one just north of Tennessee? 370B: that's just where we came from Kentucky. Interviewer: and right below Kentucky? 370B: Tennessee. Interviewer: and uh one that has a great big river named for it 370B: the Missouri river? Interviewer: the one where you just came back from that state? 370B: Arkansas. Interviewer: and other big river? 370B: the Mississippi we crossed it several times. Interviewer: several times? that on bridges or in a boat? 370B: bridges. and we crossed it on the ferry to. we went over in um Tennessee and we crossed it in the on the ferry. Interviewer: Mrs Alma {X} {D: excuse me mrs. alama bunnyboring } with the pan handle? 370B: Oklahoma. Interviewer: uh the bay state where the pilgrims landed? {D: mrs alma bunnyboring} tape six {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Mrs. Alma {B}, tape seven. {NW} Um, the lone star state is? 370B: Texas. Interviewer: And Tulsa is in? 370B: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Uh, Boston is in? 370B: Massachusetts. Interviewer: And all those states up in the Northeast? 370B: The New England states. Interviewer: Ah, the biggest city in Maryland? 370B: It'd be Baltimore. Interviewer: And the capital of our country? 370B: Washington, D.C. Interviewer: And the, uh, city that has the blues named after it? 370B: St. Louis. Interviewer: Mm-kay, the old seaport in South Carolina? 370B: Charleston. Interviewer: Big mining center in Alabama? 370B: Birmingham. Interviewer: And, biggest city in, uh, Illinois? 370B: Uh, Chicago. Interviewer: Um, capital of Alabama? 370B: Montgomery. Interviewer: And, uh, smaller city in Alabama that's on the Gulf Coast? 370B: Uh, Mobile. Interviewer: {NW} Um, the main, uh, city in a particular county is 370B: #1 called? # Interviewer: #2 Is called a # 370B: county seat. Interviewer: County seat. You pay your taxes to the federal? 370B: To the federal government, uh-huh. Interviewer: Um, the police in town are supposed to maintain? 370B: Uh, order, and, uh, law and order. Interviewer: Uh, what was the war between the North and the South called? 370B: The war between the states, and the Civil War. Interviewer: Mm-kay, if a person, uh, is a murderer, before we had the electric chair, what'd they do to him? 370B: They hung him. {X}, I was about to say electrocute, but they didn't, they hung him. Interviewer: Um, Albany is the capital of? 370B: Uh, New York state. Interviewer: And Baltimore is 370B: #1 in? # Interviewer: #2 Is Maryland. # Uh, Richmond is the capital of? 370B: Virginia. Interviewer: And, um, uh, state known for growing, um, tobacco? 370B: Well, uh, North Carolina. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Right below that? 370B: Is South Carolina. Interviewer: And where I live 370B: #1 is? # Interviewer: #2 Is in # 370B: Georgia. Interviewer: Where my mother lives? 370B: Florida. Interviewer: And you live in? 370B: Alabama. Interviewer: Um, Baton Rouge is the capital of? 370B: Louisiana. Interviewer: And the bluegrass state? 370B: Is Kentucky. Interviewer: Uh, 370B: We've been there, they have beautiful horses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Noted for its horses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Right below there is what? 370B: Uh, Tennessee. Interviewer: And then on the, 370B: #1 over on the river? # Interviewer: #2 Miss-, Miss-, # 370B: Missouri. Interviewer: And the other river? 370B: I've been there too. Uh, Interviewer: Better at the big river? 370B: Mississippi. Interviewer: Mississippi. Uh, the lone star state? 370B: Texas. Interviewer: Right next to that? 370B: Uh, Oklahoma, is that right? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, the, the state where the Pilgrims landed, what's that 370B: #1 called? # Interviewer: #2 Massachusetts. # Okay, and all of 'em together? 370B: All of what, now? Interviewer: All the North- 370B: #1 eastern- # Interviewer: #2 Oh, # 370B: this, uh, New England states, all of 'em Interviewer: #1 together. # 370B: #2 Mm-kay. # Interviewer: Uh, the resort city that's in North Carolina, what's that called? 370B: Uh, the resort, uh, place is in Asheville. Interviewer: Asheville. Uh, the city up in the mountains, in North Carolina? 370B: Chattanooga, uh, it-, no, Chattanooga's in Interviewer: #1 Tennessee, isn't it? # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: What's another one in Tennessee? 370B: Uh, Knoxville. Interviewer: Uh, biggest city in West Tennessee? 370B: Memphis. Interviewer: And, uh, see, where Elvis Presley's from? 370B: Uh, Nashville. Interviewer: Capital of Georgia? 370B: Atlanta. Interviewer: And the seacoast city? 370B: Savannah. Interviewer: Uh, where Fort Benning is, in Georgia, the name of that city? 370B: Uh, is it Columbus? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the one right, uh, north of Warner Robbins, what's the name of that city? 370B: That's Macon. Interviewer: Macon. Uh, biggest city in Louisiana? 370B: New Orleans. Interviewer: And the capital of Louisiana? 370B: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Uh, what's the biggest city in southern Ohio? 370B: Uh, Cincinnati, I believe is the biggest city. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh, the city that, uh, Kentucky is noted for? 370B: Louisville. Interviewer: Where the Derby is. Um, somebody asks you to go with them, and you're not sure you wanna go, you say, I don't know? 370B: For sure, if I want to go, or if I can go. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if you have a very sick friend and he's not likely to get any better, if somebody asks you how he's coming along, you'd say, well, it seems? 370B: That he's, uh, about like he's, he's been, or he's not getting any better. Oh, I don't know that I'd say he's not getting any better, because he may be there, but I'd say, about the same. Interviewer: Okay. If you were asked to go somewhere without your wife, if you were a {D:married} man, you'd say, I won't go? 370B: Unless I can carry my wife. Interviewer: If your daughter didn't help you with the dishes, you'd say, she went off playing? 370B: Instead of helping with the dishes. Interviewer: If a man is funny, and you like him, you say, I like him? 370B: Uh, because he's so funny. Interviewer: Unless he's not funny. Uh, the largest denomination in the South of the Christian church is? 370B: Well, I guess it's the Baptists. {NS} It seems like there's more Baptist churches, everywhere you turn, there's a Baptist church. Interviewer: It seems that way. If two people become members, you'd say they? 370B: Joined the church. Interviewer: Okay, in church, you pray to? 370B: Pray to God, or the Father. Interviewer: Um, the preacher preaches a? 370B: Sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the? 370B: The music. Interviewer: And if it's real, real good that Sunday, you'd say, oh, that music is? 370B: Beautiful. Interviewer: I thought I had time, but I got caught in traffic, and the post office was closed? 370B: When I got there. Interviewer: Uh, the enemy and the opposite of God is called? 370B: The Devil. Interviewer: Anything else? 370B: Satan. Interviewer: Uh, what do people think they see at night, that frighten them? 370B: Ghosts, uh, spirits, and different things. Interviewer: If ghosts or spirits live in a house, what do they say it is? 370B: It's haunted. Interviewer: Uh, if it's getting kind of chilly outside, you say, you better put on a sweater, it's getting? 370B: Cooler. Interviewer: Or, you might say it's 370B: #1 get- # Interviewer: #2 Getting cold. # Or? 370B: Kinda, or sorta cold. Interviewer: Okay, uh, I'd go, if you insist, but I'd? 370B: Rather not. Interviewer: Oh, what do you say to a friend you haven't seen for a long time, and you're real happy to see 'em? 370B: Oh, I'm mighty glad to see you. Interviewer: Uh, if he owns five hundred acres, how much land would that be? 370B: Well, that's a good deal of land. It's a lot of land, I know. I've tried to look over five acres, five-hundred acres this last week, and it was a job. Interviewer: Uh, if you wanna say something stronger, more enthusiastic than just yes, if I asked you a question, and I said, could I have a piece of cake, you'd say? 370B: Why, certainly. Help yourself. {NW} Interviewer: Uh, if I said, uh, can you really do that? You know, like stand on your head or something, you'd say? 370B: #1 Uh, you # Interviewer: #2 Well, # think you can do that, you'd say? 370B: I'm sure I can. Interviewer: Uh, if you wanted to be very polite to somebody, you'd say? Not just yes, but? 370B: Yes, sir. Interviewer: What if it was a lady? 370B: Yes, ma'am. Interviewer: Do you use it, in particular, for particular people? 370B: Well, no, I don't think so, generally, if they're older than you are, Interviewer: #1 you'd # 370B: #2 Uh-huh. # put the sir and the ma'am. Interviewer: Okay. 370B: Otherwise, you'd say yes, and be just as polite, but, it's just the way you say yes, Interviewer: #1 you know. # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Um, if somebody intensely disliked to go somewhere, you'd say, he? 370B: He hated to go. Interviewer: Uh, it wasn't just a little cold this morning, it was? 370B: Really cold. Interviewer: Uh, if you slammed your finger in the refrigerator door, what do you say? 370B: Uh, I'd say, oh, by gosh, I hurt my finger. Interviewer: Anything else? 370B: Uh, I said, you might say, oh Lordy, have mercy. {NW} Interviewer: Uh, if you were a little angry at yourself for doing something, what might you say? If you were impatient with yourself? 370B: Oh, sometimes I hate myself. Interviewer: Any other kind of exclamation you might make? 370B: Well, you could say, shucks, aw shucks, why did I do that? Interviewer: Okay. When something is shocking, that you're really shocked about, and you hear about it, you, and somebody said something about you that wasn't true, you'd say, why? 370B: Uh, where, why, why'd they get the idea, what caused it? I don't understand. Interviewer: When you meet someone, what do you say by way of greeting, about asking how they are? 370B: Well, you could just say, hello, how are you? Interviewer: Mm-kay, when you're introduced to a strange person, what is it that you'd say? 370B: Uh, I'm glad to know you. Or, how do you do? Interviewer: Uh, if you've enjoyed somebody's visit, and you want 'em to come back, you say? 370B: Oh, I'm, um, really glad you came, and, come again. Interviewer: Uh, what greeting do you use at Christmastime? 370B: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: And New Years? 370B: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Uh, anything you might what, say, to, uh, say that you appreciate something, besides thank you? 370B: Uh, I'm much obliged. {NS} That's kinda old-timey. Much obliged, you seem like- {NW} Interviewer: You, what would you say instead of much obliged? 370B: Well, I'd say, thank you. Interviewer: #1 Thank you. Anything else? # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # I appreciate it, Interviewer: Mm-kay. 370B: instead of much obliged. Interviewer: #1 Uh, I just don't care for that. Uh-huh. # 370B: #2 That sounds a little old-fashioned? # Interviewer: Uh, if you're not sure whether you'll have time or not, you say, I? 370B: Uh, think I'll have time. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 370B: I'll try to. Interviewer: {X} if you, uh, have to go downtown to do some- 370B: Par-, particular shopping? Interviewer: #1 Or, # 370B: #2 Mm-kay. # some shopping? Interviewer: You make a purchase, and the storekeeper takes a piece of paper, and he? 370B: Wraps it. Interviewer: And then you get home, and you? 370B: Unwrap it. Interviewer: Okay. If you sell for less than you paid for it, you'd say, I had to sell it? 370B: Below cost. Interviewer: Uh, if you admire something, but you don't have enough money to buy it, you say, I like it, but it's? 370B: It's too high, or I can't afford it. Interviewer: Uh, time to pay the bill, you say, this bill is? 370B: Past, oh, it's due. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 370B: When it's time to pay it, it's due. Interviewer: If you belong to a club, you have to pay the? 370B: Dues. Interviewer: If you haven't any money, you go to a friend, and you try to? 370B: Borrow some? Interviewer: When the banker is refusing a loan, he says, I'm sorry, but the money is? 370B: Short. Or, scarce, now. Interviewer: Uh, when {D:Sheila} does, uh, her tricks in the swimming pool, she stands on the, um, springboard, and she goes in headfirst. What do you call that? 370B: Dive. Interviewer: If she did it yesterday, she? 370B: Dove? That, that doesn't sound right. I think that's right, though. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if, uh, when you go in the water, and you land on your stomach, instead of going in headfirst, what do you call that? 370B: Uh, they seem to me like it wa- it's a belly-something, but I've forgotten what they call it. Uh, belly flop. Interviewer: Uh, when you turn your, put your head down on the ground and turn over and over? 370B: Somersault. Interviewer: Uh, if he wanted to cross the river, he dives in, and he? 370B: Swims. Interviewer: If they, uh, if they did it before, they have? 370B: They have swum, and they swam yesterday. Interviewer: Mm-kay. When you buy something and pay your bill, some stores will give you a little present, and they say it's for? 370B: Just a little bonus, to show their appreciation. Interviewer: Uh, someone who got caught in a whirlpool and didn't get out of it, you'd say, he was? 370B: Drowned. Interviewer: Uh, after he went down for the third time, you'd say, he? 370B: Drow-, uh, drowned? Interviewer: Uh-huh. I wasn't there, I didn't see him? 370B: Drown. Interviewer: When, uh, what does a baby do, before it craw-, before it walks? 370B: Crawls. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh, you saw something up a tree, you wanted to take a closer look at it, so you went over to the tree, and you? 370B: Climbed, the tree. Interviewer: It'll be hard, uh, it'd be a hard mountain to? 370B: Climb. Interviewer: My neighbor? 370B: #1 If she did it last year, she? # Interviewer: #2 Uh, # 370B: climbed. Interviewer: But I have never? 370B: Well, I guess you say clomb, but that just sounds terrible, doesn't it? Interviewer: A lot of people do- 370B: Climb, climbed, clomb. Interviewer: Uh, if a man wants to, hide behind a low hedge, he has to? 370B: Stoop, or bend. Stoop, I guess you'd say. Interviewer: Uh, she walked up to the altar, and she? 370B: Knelt. Interviewer: Knelt. Uh, if she did, if she's doing it right now, what'd she do? 370B: Kneeling. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You're tired, you say, I'm going to? 370B: If you're tired, I'm going to rest. Interviewer: Okay, and 370B: #1 what do you do when you rest? # Interviewer: #2 See, that's what you should say. # 370B: You, uh, lie down, you're supposed to, well, I mean, that's better for you to get your feet up, that's the way I have to do. Interviewer: Uh, if he didn't get up all morning, he? 370B: Stayed in bed. Interviewer: Talking about something you saw in your sleep, you'd say, this is what I? 370B: Dreamed. Interviewer: Okay, you say, I dreamed so-and-so, and all the sudden, I? 370B: Woke up. Interviewer: If you bring your foot down heavy on the floor, like this, you say, you're doing what? 370B: Stomping. Interviewer: Um, if a man meets a girl at a dance, and he wants to go home with her, he says to her, may I? 370B: Take you home? Interviewer: Uh, to get a boat up on land, you tie a rope to the bow of the boat, and? 370B: Pull. Interviewer: When your car was stuck in the mud or snow, you'd ask somebody to get his car behind you give you a? 370B: Push. Interviewer: Anything else you might say? 370B: Shove, you could say, but I'd rather say push, because shove might tear car up. Interviewer: If you carried a very heavy suitcase a long distance, instead of saying, I carried it, you'd probably say, I? 370B: Lugged it. Interviewer: If some of your children came into the house, and they were playing with something that was really important, what would you tell 'em to do? 370B: I'd say, now, you be careful. Some mothers would say, don't touch that! But I, I don't know, I just don't think I could. Interviewer: If you need a hammer, you'd tell me to? 370B: Bring the hammer. Interviewer: Okay. In playing tag, when the, uh, the kids have one place that's a safe place to be, you can't get tagged, what do they 370B: #1 call that? # Interviewer: #2 They call that the base. # Mm-kay. 370B: Home base, I think they call it. Interviewer: You throw a ball, and you ask somebody to? 370B: Catch. Interviewer: I threw the ball, and he? 370B: Caught. Interviewer: I've been fishing for {D:trout}, but I haven't? 370B: Caught, any. Interviewer: Uh, let's meet in town, if I get there first, I'll? 370B: Wait for you. Interviewer: Uh, after you've, uh, told a child he's gonna get a spanking, and he doesn't want one, he says, please? 370B: Give me another chance. Interviewer: If a man is in a very good mood, you say, he's in a good? 370B: Humor. Interviewer: Uh, if you hired a man who keeps on loafing all the time, you might decide to let him go, and, uh, you'd say to a friend of yours, I think I'm going to? 370B: Fire him. Or get rid of him. Interviewer: He didn't know what was going on, but he? 370B: I imagine, uh, he had a suspicion. He acted kinda like he knew what we were saying. Interviewer: Okay. If someone stole your pencil, what's a slang word you might use? 370B: Uh, he swiped my pencil. Interviewer: Okay. 370B: Uh, who swiped it? Interviewer: Uh, I'd forgotten about that, but now I? 370B: Remember. Interviewer: Okay. You might say to me, well, you must have a better memory than I do, because I sure don't? 370B: Remember. Interviewer: You say, I have just, if you're gonna send somebody a letter, I have just? 370B: Written. Interviewer: Yesterday, he? 370B: Wrote. Interviewer: And tomorrow? 370B: I will write. Interviewer: Uh, if you ask a question, you expect? 370B: An answer. Interviewer: You put the letter in the envelope, and then you take your pen, and what do you put on the outside of the envelope? 370B: The address. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And when you're doing that, you say, I'm writing your? 370B: Address? Interviewer: I want to write to so-and-so. Do you know what his? 370B: Address is? Interviewer: If a little boy has learned something new, for instance, he, he's just learned to whistle, and you wanna know where he learned that, you'd say, who? 370B: Taught you? Interviewer: When you were going to Mi-, when are you going to Miami? Right now, we're? 370B: Leaving. Interviewer: Anything else you might 370B: #1 say? # Interviewer: #2 Or, you could say, # 370B: starting, to leave. Interviewer: Anything else? 370B: Uh, fixing to leave. Interviewer: Uh, if a little boy has done something naughty, and a little girl saw him him do it, the boy might say, now, don't you go to mother and? 370B: Tell. Interviewer: Anything else you call that? 370B: Tattle-tale. Don't be a tattle-tale. Interviewer: If you want a bouquet for the dinner table, you go out in the garden, and? 370B: Pick. Interviewer: Uh, something a child plays with, is? 370B: Toy. Interviewer: Anything else you'd call it? 370B: Well, play toys, still, toy. Interviewer: If something happened that you expected to happen, you might say? 370B: I told you so, I knew it was gonna be that way. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if I'm gonna give some-, um, present something to you, you say, that's the book you? 370B: Uh, Interviewer: If I've done it in the past. 370B: #1 That's the book you? # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 370B: That's the book you gave me. Interviewer: Mm-kay. I will? 370B: Give. Interviewer: Or, when I finish, because you have? 370B: Given. Interviewer: I'm glad I carried my umbrella, we hadn't gone half a block, when it? 370B: Ran, began to rain. Interviewer: Uh, why are you out of breath? I was feeling so happy, I? 370B: Ran all the way. Interviewer: Horses gallop, but people? 370B: Run. Interviewer: They have? 370B: Run. Interviewer: Uh, if you didn't know where a man was born, you might ask, where does he? 370B: Come from? Interviewer: Uh, he, if he, if he arrived on the train last night, you say, he? 370B: Came. Interviewer: Uh, he is? 370B: Coming. Interviewer: Um, if you can look at somebody, you say, I? 370B: See you. Interviewer: And I hope? 370B: To see you. Interviewer: And we have? 370B: Have seen you. Interviewer: You can't get through there, the highway department's got their machines in, and the road's all? 370B: Torn up. Interviewer: You give somebody a bracelet and say to her, why don't you? 370B: Put it on? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. My sister, she's the one responsible, you'd say, my sister? 370B: Gave. Interviewer: Okay, she's done something, you'd say, my sister? 370B: Did. Interviewer: Or, can you? 370B: Can you do? Do? Interviewer: Sure, I have? 370B: Done. Interviewer: You're sitting with a friend, and you're not saying anything, and all the sudden he says, uh, what did you say, you'd say, well I said? 370B: Nothing. Interviewer: Uh, then you'd say, oh, I thought you said? 370B: Something. Interviewer: I've never heard of? 370B: Such a thing? Interviewer: Uh, if you've lived in town all your life, and somebody asks you, have you lived here long, you say, why I've? 370B: Uh, always lived here. Interviewer: Uh, I got thrown once, and I've been scared of horses ever? 370B: Since. Interviewer: It wasn't an accident. He did it? 370B: On purpose. Interviewer: Uh, I don't know, what the answer is, you'd better? 370B: Ask. Interviewer: Somebody else. So you? 370B: Ask him. Interviewer: And he says, why, you've? 370B: Asked. Interviewer: Uh, every time they meet, they 370B: #1 get into an argument. # Interviewer: #2 Quarrel? # What do you call it? 370B: Fight? Interviewer: Fight. Those boys like to? 370B: Fight. Interviewer: They have? 370B: Fought. Interviewer: Uh, a funny picture's on the blackboard, the teacher asks, who? 370B: Drew? Interviewer: Uh, if somebody aims a large knife at somebody else, and like wounds him, he did what? What do you call that? 370B: Stabbed him. Interviewer: If you've gone to lift something like a piece of machinery or something up on a roof, you might use pulleys, and blocks, and a rope, to? 370B: Hoist. Interviewer: Hoist it up. And what, uh, are some of the different kinds of needlework that you've done? 370B: Uh, oh, crewel embroidery, and catting, and crochet, and I know how to, um, do the needlepoint, but I haven't done any Interviewer: #1 yet. # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # Where we went, up there this summer, she was making needlepoint pictures, and they were just beautiful. But I said, I didn't know if I'd ever get 'em finished, and get 'em framed, and all, like she had hers. Some of 'em cost eight and ten dollars, just to #1 put the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 370B: frame on 'em. She had one picture there, she said it cost over twenty-five dollars, besides the work that she did on it. Interviewer: #1 Beautiful. # 370B: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: I made one, this summer, it- 370B: #1 Mm-hmm. But it's, but it is # Interviewer: #2 Needlepoint? # expensive, I think just the materials cost about, about twelve dollars, plus it took me a month to 370B: #1 do. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Well, it, well, it was probably a good size, wasn't it? Uh-huh. # 370B: Well these pillows that I have made, uh, throw pillows, kind of, for my bed, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: I have all the material and have, uh, uh, embroidered 'em. That's what they call that crewel embroidery, when you use this wool thread on this mesh. But, uh, I've never pressed 'em. I had my leg broken, and I couldn't stand up to press 'em, so I just have never made the inner pillows, now, that, that, uh, put the fringe on 'em or anything yet, I just got the, embroidery done. Interviewer: Well, that's the main, that's the main part of the #1 work. # 370B: #2 Yeah, # I have a beautiful picture in there, that I told Mildred I'd make for her. It's a, oh, I guess about this big, but I'm gonna embroider it and let her stretch it, Interviewer: #1 and frame it, # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # and all that. She bought it for me, when I had my leg broken, just sitting around, but I told her, I said, no, I'll fix this one for you. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 370B: #2 How'd you break your leg? # Interviewer: Well, I never did hear that story. 370B: Well, I stepped, went over to Bia's, we'd been to Bible study, we go to Bible study every Tuesday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And, uh, we came back by there, to see him, and we were going down the steps. And he was on one side of me, and Tom was on the other, I generally hold the railing, going down. But neither one of 'em was holding me, and I wasn't holding either, I just, we were talking, and walking down, and I thought I was on the bottom step, and I lacked one. There was just a, a short distance between the last step and the sidewalk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Well, and I Interviewer: #1 had-, No, just about a # 370B: #2 Not a real whole step, {X} # half a step, and I thought I was, just kinda glanced down, I thought, well, that was the last step. And I had on sandals, too, and they don't protect your ankles Interviewer: #1 worth a nickel. # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # So down I went, and broke my leg right, right above, you see how swelled it is, Interviewer: #1 now? # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # Right around there. Interviewer: I thought it was your hip, I don't know where 370B: #1 I got that idea. # Interviewer: #2 Oh, no, it was that leg, # 370B: And, uh, with my feet hanging down, I had to lay on this devonette in here, with both of my feet up above my head. For, Lord, I don't hav-, they said, either that, or go to the hospital. Interviewer: You mean, you didn't go to the hospital? 370B: No, I didn't go to the hospital. Interviewer: #1 But- # 370B: #2 Was it in a cast? # It was in a cast. But, um, after we-, this was after I took the cast off. The swell, oh, they was the biggest things you ever saw, and he thought of, um, what kind of leg is that you call it, when you, uh, your baby's born, lots of times, you have, um, flea bites, lots of times, you have flea bites, different things will cause it, but, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: I know, uh, mothers, lots of times, have it, new mothers. And, uh, he said that I'd either have to go to the hospital, or lay with my feet up. Interviewer: #1 So, # 370B: #2 I don't believe I'd have made that choice, myself. # I did, uh, this, this leg swelled nearly as big as this one. And this was the one they was afraid of the flea virus being in, you see. Interviewer: #1 And # 370B: #2 Well, # Interviewer: did you hurt it, too? 370B: No, I just, uh, poor circulation and, different things. But, uh, I have hardening of the arteries back here, and with this, uh, um, diabetes, too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: Well, you just have to be real careful. And I take something for this, uh, back here, to dilate my ar-, arteries, so the blood can-, I don't get enough, oxygen to the brain, but that wasn't the reason I fell, I didn't stumble and fall. But, uh, Interviewer: Well, John said that's the second time you've fallen, when did you fall before? 370B: I fell last year, in, um, the nineteenth of June, last year, when we were in New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Interviewer: Oh, visiting {D:Dale}? 370B: And broke this arm, right here. And they put my arm like this, and put it in a kind of a stocking-like, and they said there wasn't any way for this to get out of place, if I held my arm just like that, and, but it'd be easier on me, not to put it in a cast. So they took this, and strapped it to my body, all the way around, and I had to wear that, about six months, strapped to me. Interviewer: Without ever moving it? 370B: Yeah, you couldn't move it. It was just strapped, I cou-, I could do this. Interviewer: #1 I knitted. I used my finger-, # 370B: #2 {X} # Yeah, used my-, hands in knitting. But, uh, I just had time. And it took just about a year, before I could reach back and fasten my brassiere, uh, reach over my head, or comb, or wash my back, or do anything, I thought I never was gonna get over that. Interviewer: It stayed caked, all that time, 370B: #1 for six months? # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Nearly # 370B: six months. How'd you take a bath, or anything like that?. Well, I just had to sponge, and, uh, the doctor changed the bandage. He changed it one time, before I left out there, and my doctor changed here, I think, changed it two or three times. Twice, I believe. But, uh, they said I could use it, I could do this, that, and the other. But, why, it hurt so bad, I couldn't do anything, hardly. And, I guess, I should have just gone on and used it anyway, Interviewer: #1 but # 370B: #2 Mm-hmm. # it had been so long, that I hadn't used it, you see. Interviewer: Well, the bone was broken, though, you can't do, 370B: #1 if it's muscles, that you sprained, you can go ahead and-, # Interviewer: #2 Well, uh, he said that, um, # 370B: in six months, said, you ought to be as good as new. But, now this, just this bone, on the outside of my ankle, I only had to leave that six weeks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: But, you see, I had the big bone, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 370B: besides this little bone, and the little bone was healed. But this was that big bone, up here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 370B: And lifting and pulling, and all that, you see, well, this, you don't have any pull on it, much, so. But I thought I'd never get over that fall, and a year, It likely Let me see, this out there was in the nineteenth of June, and this leg was the tenth of July, of the next year. {NW} I, Tom said, what you gonna break next year, I said, Lord, I hope there be nothing to break next year. Interviewer: #1 He said, well I think, # 370B: #2 {X} # I'll have to do you like the cowboy did, said, if you fall and, and break anything else, I'll just have to shoot you. That cowboy didn't know what to do, you know, so, it, when his daddy came to see him, and he said, well son, said, uh, where's your wife? He said, well, Pa, do you know she fell and broke her leg, and I had to shoot her? Interviewer: I hope that didn't really happen. 370B: That kills me, I don't know, I don't guess it did, you see, his mother died, when he was young. This, uh, cowboy's mother died, and he went to town and saw these girls. And he told his daddy that he would like to have one of those, said, they are pretty. Interviewer: #1 And, uh, # 370B: #2 Who is this we're talking about? # I, I'm talking about this, uh, cow, uh, boy that shot his wife. Interviewer: Oh. 370B: He went to town, and saw these girls, and he'd seen a girl before. And, uh, so his daddy thought, well, said, your mother was a girl. And said, if you want one, said, you'd have to go ask her to go home with you. But said, she'll have to marry you. And, said, you just tell her what you can, let her, what you can give her, you know, the farm, and the horses, and cattle, and what all you've got, and said I, I think she'll go with you. And sure enough, she said she'd go, and said, well, you know you gonna have to marry me, and, um, uh, he told her, he said, well what is that? And she said, well, said, we'll, your daddy will know, said, we'll, we'll just go ahead and get married, and then I'll go with you. So his daddy fixed up a place, way up on the farm, away from where they lived, and, uh, thought that would be nice, you know, he could be up there in the winter, and they would, kinda, be alone, and, so, there came a big snow, and the weather was just terrible, so, his daddy didn't get up there until the next year. So, he went up there, and he said, son, how is everything? Said, oh, it's just fine, Daddy, said, uh, well, what about the chickens, and the, uh, uh, cows, and horses, and he told him what all they had, and that they, uh, new calf, and different things, and he said, well, you haven't said a thing about your wife, and I haven't seen her, said, where is she? Says, oh, Dad, said, you know she fell, and I had to shoot her. You know, that's the way they did horses, Interviewer: #1 way back. # 370B: #2 Yeah. # He didn't know anything else to do, but just shoot her. So Tom said, I don't know what, he said, I do, said, if you fall, hurt yourself again, I guess I'll just have to shoot you. Interviewer: Well, you better stay on your two feet, 370B: #1 then {X}. # Interviewer: #2 Oh, I'm gonna be very careful. # 370B: Take my medicine. Interviewer: Oh, me. Interviewer: Now tell me again uh about where you were born and the circumstances 387: I was born in Birmingham but uh My mother and father lived in Talladega but before we were born the doctor knew that- I got a twin sister and the doctor knew we were gonna be twins and advised my mother to go to Birmingham to see a doctor there Interviewer: I see okay But you've lived all your life here in Talladega 387: {D: For} course uh- you know I was in school #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: I- I thought about that after you left yesterday one year we lived in Piedmont My father bought a hardware store up there and we moved there for the- for the year Interviewer: Okay {NS} What county is that in 387: {D:Calhoun} It borders us {NS} Interviewer: Alright and the name of this community is 387: Talladega Interviewer: and the county 387: Talladega Interviewer: {X} What's your address here in town 387: {B} Interviewer: Okay and how old are you 387: Thirty-two Interviewer: and occupation 387: Lawyer Interviewer: {X} a church here in town 387: Mm-hmm Trinity Methodist Interviewer: Okay {NW} tell me about your schooling you know from public schools through college the whole shebang 387: Went to public schools uh here in Tal- well I did go the first year in Piedmont, Alabama in Calhoun county and then from second through the twelfth grade I went to {X} and finished at {X} high school and then uh enrolled in Auburn University But I didn't stay there but a quarter and I went to Gadsden State junior college and went there a couple years and then went to {NS} Jackson State and graduated {NW} {NS} Oh here hold on just a second {NW} {NW} Interviewer: I see you were telling me about Gadsden State you stayed there how long 387: Oh a couple a years and then I went to {X} uh and I and I graduated there and I did take a couple a courses at at the University of Alabama at Birmingham #1 one or two of them # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: At that point I was going to Jackson so I graduated at Jackson in 1972 Interviewer: mm-kay what degree did you get there 387: um Bachelor of science in business and economics Interviewer: okay 387: and then I went to Birmingham school of law for the next four years at night graduated in 1976 been practicing since that time Interviewer: Alright {NW} {NW} {NS} uh you interested in uh civic clubs or church groups uh professional organizations #1 anything like that # 387: #2 mm # {NW} Members of some but not really interested in- #1 you know what I mean # Interviewer: #2 mm # Yeah 387: #1 Don't take # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: #1 Don't really take an active part in # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: In any of them Interviewer: Yeah any you care to mention for the record 387: member of the- well it's sort of a {X} I'm not even sure if I'm still a member of the {X} I was but I think I I haven't been in so long I think they probably {NW} #1 run me out by now # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # okay that about it 387: Mm well I'm a {NW} course I'm a member of the bar association here in town and I'm the secretary and treasurer of that but It's not a very- We're not a real active organization real loose-knit Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: bunch Interviewer: About how many lawyers are there in town 387: Probably twenty-five #1 Twenty or twenty-five # Interviewer: #2 sounds like a # I don't know that sounds like a lot #1 for the whole town # 387: #2 Oh there's a bunch # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 387: #2 we've got to wear our {X} to keep from {X} each other # Interviewer: How big is Talladega any idea 387: About right around twenty thousand Interviewer: Twenty thousand that's bigger than I thought it was 387: That might be a l- little bit over #1 but it's pretty close # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # okay uh have you traveled around very much either on business or vacation 387: Mm {NW} What- what are you talking about {X} Interviewer: uh s- throughout the country the south out of the country maybe 387: mm been to Nassau a couple of times and uh you know been to all the neighboring states and uh {NS} Interviewer: About how many of the southern states do you think you've been in 387: Mm {NW} Alabama Florida Tennessee I'm looking at the map up there Interviewer: uh-huh {NW} 387: oh I don't know six or eight Interviewer: Okay Have you traveled much ou- out of the south 387: No I haven't I've been to I've been up in Maryland I don't know if that's out of the south or not Some folks think it is and some don't and I've been- I went to Las Vegas one time to a convention but other than that I haven't been Interviewer: Okay alright {X} Tell me a little bit about your parents so where they were born what they did 387: My father was born in- in Clay county Alabama it- it's the county bordering this one It's a- it's a real rural county #1 and it's # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: more so then of course than it is now Interviewer: Yeah 387: And uh He lived there until he was- I don't know - until he was- Until he was grown- Until he was in his twenties and he left and he was a- he worked in a hardware and he took several jobs then I don't know exactly where all he went but several different towns over the- through the years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And he went into service of course and he finally settled in Talladega and- and lived here and he died about five years ago Interviewer: I see So you think he came to Talladega county when he was still in his twenties maybe 387: Probably to Talladega county when he was around thirty #1 that's what I- # Interviewer: #2 Right # 387: #1 Or- # Interviewer: #2 okay # 387: Yeah right- probably early thirties would be more like it Interviewer: Okay What did he do for a living 387: He worked in a hardware {NS} Interviewer: What about his schooling Do you know how far along he got 387: He graduated from high school Interviewer: Okay and your mother where was she born 387: She was born in Lamar county Alabama in Vernon and her father was a Methodist minister and so they moved every- #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: #1 four years or so # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: they went uh you know just tra- went- lived- went everywhere Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and uh {NW} She was probably course when- when my father got married they were both in their thirties Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and- they came to Talladega I don't you know I don't think she'd lived here before then She may have lived here in Lincoln it's in Talladega county in the northern part of the county uh her father was a pastor of the Methodist church there one time and- and I- I guess she lived there then but I believe {NW} well in fact she did because after she got out of college she taught school in Lincoln for a year or two {NW} when he was preaching there and lived you know #1 with him # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Alright What about her schooling 387: She of course finished high school and then uh went to Huntington College in Montgomery and graduated there Interviewer: Okay {NS} {NW} I meant to ask you was there any specific community in Clay county where your father was born or was it out in the country 387: It was in a- It was in Ashland Interviewer: Ashland 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Okay # {NS} And your mother's occupation 387: Uh she's retired now She was a school teacher Interviewer: Okay Alright Tell me about your grandparents on your father's side 387: Uh My gra- My grandfather {NW} Farmed all his life and lived to be I believe he was eighty-nine when he died Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And my grandmother of course never- she was a house wife Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And she- And she lived to about the same age She was in her eighties when she died Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And that's- that- that's- They just raised a house full of kids Interviewer: Right {NW} Where were they born 387: They were born in Clay county Interviewer: Both of them 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 Was- # 387: #2 N- # Interviewer: Was that in Ashland too 387: Uh I really don't know #1 I'm just assuming # Interviewer: #2 I see # 387: #1 that it was # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: I- They always talked of living in Clay county there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: If it wasn't in Ashland it was close around there Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay What about their schooling 387: {NW} I r- I really don't- I really don't know about that I remember My great uh- they said my great grandfather was a doctor and this and so my grandfather I think I think actually studied medicine for a while now of course in those days you know I don't know {X} when When they said- I remember when I was small you know they talked about him studying it may have been that he just rode with his you know with his dad Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh- but you know I really don't know about that I know- in those days I don't think they had as much uh- You know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't know I just don't know about their schooling Interviewer: Okay 387: But #1 I- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: I'd think that they probably had the- the equivalent of a high school education Interviewer: Alright And what about your other grandparents You said that your grandfather was a minister #1 {D:On} your mother's side # 387: #2 Yeah # Uh-huh He uh- He was born and raised in Lamar county Alabama And he He went as far- I don't know how this- He wrote a little- It's not a- not a book but a little Oh I don't know Probably a hundred page paper about his life when- when he was getting older Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And he- and that's where I got a lotta #1 of course from talking to him # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: And he was uh He went to school as far as he- well- #1 as far as he could go in the local schools there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: And after that he taught there for a year or two in the In the- In the local school Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh At that time he became interested in law and studied law in a lawyer's office he never went to law school and took the BAR exam and passed it and practiced a few years before he left to enter the ministry Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And- and my grandmother I- I just don't know about- about her schooling I- I just assume you know That it- that it was a- about what we think of as a high school education today Interviewer: Okay 387: I'm- from where you- From what he told me the things were- They just- You know They were- the schools weren't exactly how they are now Interviewer: Yeah Right 387: And they- They uh- I think the school year was a lot different #1 I don't know if that's interesting or not # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: But I think it- they went about half the time rather than What we'd probably go three fourths #1 On that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # I see Did you say that your grandmother was born in Lamar county too 387: It- I- I think that's right Interviewer: All right What about her occupation 387: She was just- she was a house wife Interviewer: Okay 387: Raised a bunch of kids too #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Alright # {NW} Uh You know what You mentioned your great grandfather on your father's side uh- that he was a physician Do you know anything about earlier ancestry on either side 387: No I don't And I just- you know of course I never knew him #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: I remember my other grandfather on my mother's side the one that was the minister Interviewer: Yeah 387: Talking about his father was a- you know- was a farmer And uh- And I think he died when they were- You know- fairly young maybe when he was #1 fifteen or sixteen # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah Okay {NW} {X} your wife how old is she 387: She's thirty-five Interviewer: And uh- Y'all go to the same church 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright 387: Well I say we do We just been married Interviewer: Uh-huh 387: About six months And she went to another Methodist church here but- you know- since that time we've been going to mine Interviewer: Okay #1 Same denomination # 387: #2 Uh-huh yeah # Interviewer: Alright What about her schooling 387: {NW} She's uh- She- She was raised in Baldwin county Alabama And she gr- graduated from high school there and went to Auburn and graduated and now- ended with a bachelor's degree and now she teaches school Interviewer: Okay Is she interested in clubs or #1 civic groups {X} nothing like that # 387: #2 Mm no not really # Interviewer: Okay And you say her people were from Baldwin #1 county # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Alright If you would tell me a little bit about the house that you were raised in what it was like how many rooms it had what they were 387: {NW} I rem- {NW} I remember when we were small we lived in a house A small frame house with three bedrooms Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But- But where- You know- where I was really raised Well I think when I was like twelve or thirteen we moved into the house where my mother lives now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And it's a- pretty good size house It's uh- It's- It's prob- You know- I- probably got twenty-five hundred feet in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And it's an older house And it's just got large rooms and it's- three bedrooms and a- living room dining room breakfast room kitchen It's- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: It's- there's nothing really unusual about it it's just an older Interviewer: Okay #1 What about # 387: #2 I was- # Interviewer: the house that you're living in now What is- What is it like 387: It's a- It's a- It's a real old house I just bought it It's a monster It's got about twenty rooms in it Interviewer: Is that right 387: and we're trying to fix it up Interviewer: Yeah 387: It's an older hou- well I say it- it's probably not a hundred years old #1 but it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: It's probably probably getting pretty close between eighty and ninety #1 We're just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: guessing we don't really know Interviewer: Yeah Could you just name off the rooms Just for the record 387: Yeah It's got- living room and- music room dining room oh a little hall there four baths I'm- I'm not naming- I'm just- And it's got- Of course the kitchen And it's got another little room off the dining room I don't know what we'll call that #1 just a- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: an addition to the hall I guess #1 {X}- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: Another hall where the stairs are Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And then it has a- a- what we call a sun room and then a big bedroom downstairs and a dressing room off it And a there's a back porch #1 and an upstairs there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: There's three bedrooms upstairs large bedrooms and then there's a little dressing room off one of those and- couple of baths up there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Big hall other little room up there we just call it the TV room #1 It's a small room # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: and then there's a couple of baths there And then uh- couple of more little rooms toward the back I don't know- #1 we got junk # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: piled in there #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # It's okay #1 It's fine # 387: #2 I- # I think one of those may have been an enclosed back porch It has a lotta windows in it so Interviewer: Yeah 387: I don't know It's good for storing junk Interviewer: Right okay fine Alright well we'll go ahead and {D:give} the questionnaire now Uh- Talking about the rooms in your house you mentioned the living room 387: Uh-huh Interviewer: Is that what you've heard most people around here call the- the best room in the house where they'd entertain company 387: Mm-hmm I think so Living room Interviewer: You ever heard any other terms for it 387: Uh You hear about parlor #1 but I- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I har- I've heard old folks call it the parlor and just on on rare occasions Out in the country sometimes you hear folks talk about the front room {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NS} Yeah you were telling me about the parlor 387: I heard folks call it- well I- I've heard folks in- you know- call it parlor but that's not- but not very often but I- heard folks out in the country call it the front room and that's when you know- I think the front room was about half living room and half bedroom It was just a room that they didn't use much and that's where they Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: You know it's- #1 I- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: I always thought of the front room as being one that was co- closed off in the winter Interviewer: Yeah 387: And just used- you know- for company Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: {D:and all} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I But I really don't know if- Interviewer: Yeah 387: Around here It's gotten to where most folks call it the liv- you know- the living room and- {NW} and then I used to think of them as being synonymous but now a lot of folks are you know- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Don't even have a living room They just have a den and so they're getting away from that Interviewer: Right I see You were talking about your house being a- an older house is it one of these houses with a high ceiling 387: Uh-huh yeah Interviewer: About how high roughly would you say those ceilings are 387: They are ten feet Interviewer: Ten feet 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay Does this house uh- have a fire place in it or #1 does it have a- # 387: #2 Oh yeah # It's got about seven or eight of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever build a fire in a fire place 387: Not in this one- of course we haven't- we- we haven't been there but a couple of months #1 But uh- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: And- and I don't think- I don't know if they're going to be suitable enough They were built I think for coal grates And they're pretty Interviewer: Yeah 387: Pretty small But in my mother's house we have a fire all the time #1 just- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Tell me how you build a fire in a fire place 387: Oh goodness #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: {NW} #1 Well- # Interviewer: #2 We're really just after # 387: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 the parts of a fire place # 387: Oh We always- at- at my mother's house she al- {NW} I go by just about every day in the winter {X} #1 and she has some # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: some andirons in there or fire dogs #1 and- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: And uh- {NW} I put- Some paper in there and kindling and then some smaller wood and just- light it and- put it on there- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Hardly ever have any trouble Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you have a name for the big piece of wood that you set on the andirons 387: The back log #1 Is that what you're getting at # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: #1 {X} Yeah uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: Called the- Interviewer: Uh-huh 387: You know- the back log Interviewer: Sure Now you mentioned kindling Have you ever heard people around here refer to that kind of wood as lightered or light wood 387: I've heard it but very seldom Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Very seldom They just don't call that much around here Interviewer: Mm-hmm The- The usual term is kindling 387: {NW} It's kindling around here Now- {NW} I don't- It- it might even {D:mesh up} My grandfather that was the preacher He used to tell me about- When he was raised in Lamar county they called it kindling and he was telling about one time- I think the first church he- that he was ever assigned to was in Limestone county in north Alabama and he was telling about how cold it was It was in a little community called {X} and he- and they didn't have- and they didn't call it kindling there they called it lightered #1 he said # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: And it was- and he felt like it- they didn't have much pine there and so they just used any- #1 Anything soft they could find # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm #1 Sure sure # 387: #2 Thought I'd throw that in # But no you just don't really hear it that much They call it kindling around here Interviewer: Okay Did uh- 387: Or pine or pine knots #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 right # Sure Okay What about something uh- right above the fire place where you might have pictures or- 387: The mantel #1 Is that what you're getting at # Interviewer: #2 Yes mm-hmm # 387: #1 Mm-hmm that's what I call it the- # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Alright what about the thing that uh- the smoke goes out of You just call that a- 387: The chimney Interviewer: Mm-hmm You ever seen any around here that were made out of stick and dirt or- any- uh material like that in older houses 387: No I've never seen one of those Interviewer: {X} #1 Seen pictures of them in the {D:Fox Fire book} # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 but I've never seen one of those # 387: #2 Right uh-huh # Interviewer: Okay {NW} Did you have uh- an open area right in front of the fire place It might have been bricked over or something like that 387: The hearth #1 Is that what you're getting at # Interviewer: #2 Yeah right # 387: Yeah that's always talk of the- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: talk of the hearth Interviewer: Okay {NW} Now inside of the fire place after you've burned a lot of wood you'll get this residue left #1 those would just be # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Soot Or ashes Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay I'm after a phrase here just for pronunciation talking about ashes if they were gray become gray ashes If they were white you would call them 387: Never heard any distinction #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Well it- # it's just a real simple pronunciation uh phrase different pronunciation if they were gray you'd call them gray ashes if they were white you'd call them 387: White ashes Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's the phrase {X} # 387: #2 {NW} oh okay # Interviewer: A lot of this is- uh- just designed to elicit #1 pronunciation and grammar # 387: #2 Yeah yeah okay # Interviewer: #1 So I'm saying {X} # 387: #2 Sure # Interviewer: Okay When you think about uh- a living room what are some of the typical things that you think about being in a living room 387: Oh I always think of a sofa and a- couple of big easy chairs and- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Uh- {NW} I al- I always thought of the television as being in the- as being in the living room #1 but now # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I sort of think of On the living- and there not being in the living room and the television being in a den #1 So # Interviewer: #2 Yeah right # 387: But that's what I always think of and- Interviewer: Mm-hmm Sure Okay You mentioned sofa Have you ever heard any other words for sofa #1 around here # 387: #2 oh- # Couch #1 Hear # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Hear it called couch I don't- Couch and sofa are just {NW} probably- about equal but- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: but hardly anything else #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay {NW} What about typical things that you find in the bedroom 387: Oh you find a bed dresser chest of drawers and maybe a night stand Interviewer: Okay what's the difference between a dre- a dresser and a {D:chest of drawers} 387: I always think of the dresser as having a mirror on it and being shorter than the chest of drawers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh- {NS} {NW} {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The {D:chest of drawers} # would just be entirely uh drawers #1 with no mirror or anything like that # 387: #2 drawers with no mirror that's what I think of- # Interviewer: Yeah I see okay What about the place where you'd hang your clothes that would be a- 387: Closet Interviewer: Yeah Are you familiar with any sort of freestanding uh- um- thing that's all hanging space #1 no doors # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 A chifforobe or # Or a robe #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: That's what I Interviewer: What was that last word you said 387: Just a robe #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Robe # 387: Mm-hmm Heard people call them chifforobes and robes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And then uh- What else is the- do they call them- it's a- armoire Interviewer: Yeah 387: I think they get to be armoires when #1 folks would get more {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Right sure # {NW} Is that the same thing as a wardrobe are you- #1 do you know that word # 387: #2 Yeah oh yeah # Yeah that's the same thing as a wardrobe Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: Or that's what I always Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Understood it to be Interviewer: Alright all these things that we've been talking about like chairs and sofas um- a general word for it would be 387: Furniture Interviewer: Sure You ever heard the people around here use the word plunder to mean furniture #1 Maybe a few old timers # 387: #2 Never have but I'll remember # Interviewer: Or somebody like that #1 {X} # 387: #2 Never have but I'll remember # Interviewer: Okay fine {NW} The things that you have over your windows to keep out the sunlight you would call them 387: Curtains Interviewer: Okay Do you know the things that uh- are on rollers that you pull down 387: Shades Interviewer: Those are shades and then there are the things that are #1 adjustable # 387: #2 {NW} # Blinds Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Do you have a place in your house right underneath the top of the house that you might use for a storage area 387: Yeah the- the attic Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any other word for that 387: A lot of folks call it the loft Interviewer: Yeah Would you use that word 387: Mm no I always say attic #1 Just never # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Does- do you wor- do you use the word loft at all in reference to anything 387: No I always think of a loft in a barn #1 but I'm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: but I don't really know anything there except- you know- except it might be an upper- but I always think of a loft in a barn as just being an upper open part Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: where maybe something's stored or- Interviewer: Right okay and of course the place where you prepare the food that's just a- 387: Kitchen Interviewer: Yeah Around here uh- in older houses have you ever seen the- the kitchen built away from the main part of the house 387: I've seen it in several things and I have a friend that's got one except all the ones I've seen {NS}. Excuse me {NS} Interviewer: Can you tell me about the kitchen 387: Oh Interviewer: built away from the house 387: The only kitchens that I've seen {NW} Not- you know- away from the house {NW} have now either been enclosed by a hallway or something in a- some people make it a little dining area others use it for storage or they've either abandoned the old kitchen #1 and it's just an outside storage house # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: and they- #1 put a modern kitchen inside # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm I see But you haven't heard any particular names for that kind of kitchen that's built away from the house #1 like # 387: #2 Mm # Interviewer: summer kitchen or something like that 387: I may have heard that phrase but I don't- #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: I don't recall anything other than just- #1 the kitchen # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Sure okay What about a room that's built uh- just off the kitchen where you might keep canned goods or extra dishes 387: A pantry Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright And you mentioned this when you were describing your house a lot of old worthless things that you have like a broken down chair that you might not want to throw away You say you just have a lot of 387: Junk Interviewer: Yeah #1 And an area # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: where you would keep that stuff #1 The uh- # 387: #2 Uh- # Interviewer: A room you set aside in the house 387: #1 Just a junk room maybe # Interviewer: #2 junk room sure okay # 387: Some- I've- some people say storage room {D:We all} #1 I say junk room # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm Okay 387: I've- I've sort of- said it's a place to hide paint brushes #1 and paint cans and everything # Interviewer: #2 {NW} sure # Okay {NS} I'm going to ask you about this uh- {NS} expression {NS} say if a woman gets up in the morning and she moves around the house maybe she dusts a little uh- maybe she straightens something- you know What would you say she's doing 387: Cleaning up Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} And if she's sweeping the thing that she would use you would just call that a 387: Broom Interviewer: Yeah Now talking about the broom if I were looking for it and if it was in a corner and the door was open #1 so that I couldn't see it # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: In relation to the door you'd say the broom was 387: Behind the door Interviewer: Yeah You ever use uh- the phrase back of the door #1 Back of # 387: #2 Mm # Interviewer: rather than behind 387: No I really don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay 387: I've heard that um- but not very often Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright Have you ever heard your- your parents or your grandparents maybe talk about just specific chores that were done- done on certain uh- days of the week One particular day for doing particular activities 387: I've heard them- the only thing- I've heard them talk about wash day Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I don't know which day that was Uh- {NS} {X} I've heard a lot- you know- a lot of folks talk and- especially the older folks- talk about the Saturday night #1 baths and everything # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 but my grandfather said they took a bath every day # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah So that's a myth about bathing 387: #1 Well as far as he was concerned it was # Interviewer: #2 Yeah {NW} # Right okay What would you- what would you say you were doing if you had a- um- you know- if all your dirty clothes had accumulated {NS} and you needed to clean them you'd say 387: I'm- I was washing them Interviewer: yeah and to get the wrinkles out you'd be 387: Ironing Interviewer: Yeah Do you have one word that would cover that sort of activity 387: I- Maybe laundering #1 or cleaning # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: But I never use the word laundering I say I take my shirts to the laundry to get them #1 you know cleaned # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever say anything like # I've got to do my laundry 387: No I don't but I've heard that quite a bit Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: #1 Doing the wash # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Right alright {NW} Uh- Your house I- I've asked if it has one of these places right out front you know where you might have a swing or- 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Some chairs 387: That's a porch Interviewer: Yeah On this house does the porch end at the front of the house or does it- you know- go along the sides 387: No it- it's- it's on the front only it doesn't curve around Interviewer: Yeah Are you familiar with that kind #1 that goes around the house # 387: #2 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 387: #2 # Interviewer: Does it have any other name than porch or- {NS} 387: {NS} Heard of wrap around porch is all Interviewer: Okay {NS} 387: {NS} Excuse me Interviewer: A wrap around porch 387: I heard {NS} {NW} I- I feel like you're getting to verandas is that what- Interviewer: True mm-hmm 387: I- You just never hear that here or just- or I never have Interviewer: Yeah 387: I may have heard one- you know- one or two people #1 but you see it and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 I think they read it in a magazine somewhere # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Sure What about gallery for porch 387: Never heard of that at all Interviewer: Okay {NW} So talking about the porch you would uh- climb up the what to get from the front yard to the porch 387: The steps Interviewer: Yeah now inside if you're going to the second floor you'd go up the 387: Stairs Interviewer: Stairs inside okay {NW} This expression if I walked in your living room and left the door open and you didn't want it to stay that way you'd tell me to do what 387: Close the door Interviewer: Okay anything besides that 387: A lot of people say shut but I always use the word close Interviewer: Is there any difference in the two phrases to you like- {NW} As far as politeness goes maybe 387: I think close would be the more- the- {NW} the more polite Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: phrase of the two Interviewer: Okay 387: Although I don't think there's really anything you know- I don't know of anybody that would take any offense #1 if they were told to shut the door # Interviewer: #2 to shut the door yeah # {NW} okay fine {NW} Uh frame houses the way their constructed on the outside you know- so that the boards kind of #1 lap over each other like this # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NW} You know a name for that kind of construction 387: Weather board Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {NW} I'm gonna ask you how you'd use the word drive for example I might say that I'm gonna get in my car and- to town 387: I- I always say go Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} I wanna particularly investigate this- #1 this verb though # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: If you were going to use the word- the word drive you would say I got in my car and I- 387: #1 Oh and I drove to town # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And if you've done a lot of it lately you'd say I've- #1 a hundred # 387: #2 I- # #1 I've driven a hundred miles # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # I sure'd have liked to 387: Drive Interviewer: Right okay alright Getting back to the house uh the part that covers the entire top that would be the 387: Roof Interviewer: Okay {NW} On the roof are you familiar with these things uh right on the edge that are constructed to carry off rain water 387: Gutters Interviewer: Gutters yeah alright {NW} And some houses that have uh oh different slopes of the roof A place where two different slopes would meet say- #1 this area right here # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Do you have a name for that 387: Valley Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Could that ever be called a gutter around here 387: Uh I guess it could be- I've- I don't- I've never heard that I've got some- some things on my house that- that there aren't- there are almost a lot of old houses- they're- they're built in gutters but they're nothing other than that just a- they're an indention in the roof #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: They're on a flat roof Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see So usual term around here would be valley far as you 387: For- for- yeah mm-hmm I think so Interviewer: Alright {NW} What about a little building you might have uh- in your back yard or if {D:you're} on a farm uh- around the farm house where you might store uh- keep your tools things like that 387: Garage Interviewer: Okay Any other type of little building for storage 387: #1 A lot of folks call it a barn # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: But I never refer to it as a barn. Interviewer: Do you think of a barn as being a pretty large building 387: I think- I think of a- of a barn not only as being large but as being out in the country #1 and s- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 place where- # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: you know #1 I always- # Interviewer: #2 You wouldn't expect to find a barn in # 387: #1 In town that's right # Interviewer: #2 {X} yeah # Uh-huh {NW} Do you know the word shed 387: Mm-hmm I always think of a shed as being an addition to a garage or a- or a barn A place on the side of it that's supported on one side by the- #1 by the main structure # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # It's not free-standing then 387: I- I never think of a shed as being- being free-standing Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} Around here before people had indoor plumbing what about toilet facilities 387: {NW} They had an outhouse Interviewer: Mm-hmm You ever heard any other terms for outhouse 387: Heard it called privy Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Okay # 387: #2 but- # But hardly anything else Interviewer: Alright Okay Talking about the- the farm when you think of a farm around here what are some of the typical buildings that come to mind 387: Think of the house and a barn and I always think of the well house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Little house where the pump is Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Some people call it the pump house #1 I always call it the well house # Interviewer: #2 so # th- there was some structure uh- built over the well then in this part of the country 387: There is now because it's- you- need to protect the pump from freezing #1 in the winter time # Interviewer: #2 Right mm-hmm # Yeah I see {NS} 387: In the past there'd- there'd- a lot of times there wouldn't be anything but a- but a gutter I mean but a curb Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And then a- a- a little stri- you know- something to hold the {X} pull the- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: bucket up with Interviewer: Yeah I see {NW} What about uh- a- a building where you might keep grain or corn 387: I don't- people call that the crib but I don't- {NW} I don't e- I've never had any dealings at all with that Interviewer: Not too- #1 you're not personally familiar with {X} # 387: #2 No uh-uh # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 But people call # I hear people talk of the crib Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} Another building for- for grain in general do people around here ever use the word granary or granary {C: ae first, eI second} 387: Never heard anybody use that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I never have Interviewer: Alright Uh what about the word silo 387: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 {D:Mean} anything to you # 387: Oh yeah A silo's the large uh- cylinder shaped uh- it's- it's for storing silage it's- Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm yeah # 387: #2 Uh- # Souring lea- Uh- stalks and leaves Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I always think of corn as being # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 silage # but it's put in there to sour and to- Interviewer: Right 387: feed the cattle with Interviewer: Okay {NW} This word just for pronunciation the word house uh- but plural would be say three or four 387: Houses Interviewer: Sure okay {NW} what- talking about uh- hay after the hay's cut if a farmer's not gonna bale it right away he just might pile it up into these big old things what would you call that 387: I'd call it a shock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I don't think many other folks around here would Interviewer: What do you suppose other people would call it 387: I think most of them would just call it a pile of hay #1 I don't think they'd have any name for it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # What about hay stack 387: I hardly ever- I- hardly ever heard that word except in nursery rhymes Interviewer: Yeah do you see the things around here much hay piled up like that 387: No {NW} Hardly ever becau- but I- You see these round bales is all I- You #1 I- # Interviewer: #2 Kind of wrapped up like a rug # 387: Uh-huh #1 well- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: It's a- it's just wrapped up into a large bale oh maybe eight or nine feet high #1 or eighty-nine- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: eight or nine feet in diameter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Hardly ever see it- see it piled up except when they rake it and bale it that- you just- Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 it's # Interviewer: Mm-hmm So they still call them bales although they're not those the ones that you used to see #1 the kind of rectangular shaped ones # 387: #2 Yeah uh- # Well they still do that a lot too but I- Yeah they- I think they do call it bales even- either one of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} Around here can you have a shelter for hay if you just want to put it in the barn you might just uh- have some kind of structure like four poles and a roof that you'd stick it under 387: I don't know about that I- I- you might I- I don't know any- any name I always hear people talk of the hay barn Interviewer: Yeah but that's a fully enclosed uh- 387: I always think of- think of it as being fully- you know- Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 being fully enclosed # Interviewer: Yeah Okay Alright {NW} Does the word windrow mean anything to you {NS} 387: No Interviewer: #1 Okay fine # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's alright {NS} {NS} Alright uh- {NS} Let's see what about buildings where uh- your animals would be kept like- would you have any kind of special barns for the cows 387: Uh {NS} No I don't think so- I always- I always think of the- you know- where animals are as being the barn Interviewer: Yeah 387: But uh- If it were chickens I always think of it being the chicken house Interviewer: Sure 387: #1 Or the hen house # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Right Do you know cow barn You ever heard that around here 387: I've heard it but I always think a cow barn {NS} as being a place where they're- where they're taken {NS} To be sold Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see 387: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 Kind of a # like at an auction 387: That- yeah that's a good- #1 that's exactly # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay 387: I heard the ha- cow barn or the horse barn or the pig barn uh- but I always think of that as being the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Place where they're- uh- you know- #1 where they're sold # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Would there be- you mentioned horses- would there be a- a- shelter or building for horses on the farm other than the place where they're sold 387: Maybe the stable #1 would be all # Interviewer: #2 stable # 387: But I always think of the stable As being sort of a corral inside the barn I don't think of the stable as being a- as being a- Interviewer: #1 a separate # 387: #2 a separate building # Interviewer: Yeah okay {NW} And on the farm the place where you keep your hogs at would be the {NS} 387: Just the pig pen #1 Or the hog pen # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah You ever heard of a- of a hog pen that had a concrete floor 387: Few years ago the made them They made them Uh they- some- I don't understand all that #1 of course not being in the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 in the hog business but- # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: {NS} Somebody had some sort of regulations I'm sure the- some government regulation that- that pigs to be sold if they were to be sold in- in the market they had to be raised on concrete and- and any food or slop that they were fed had to be cooked twice but I think that that's done away with uh- I think a few folks maybe- maybe did it but it turned out to be- {NS} you know- it took more capital than they had and it just took more- you know- it was just more than they could afford to- #1 to do it and- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: and I think that was probably- I think the supply really got low and that's why they probably abandoned the regulation Interviewer: Yeah you ever heard of a hog parlor {NS} 387: Only- I've heard of it but the only reason I've heard of it is reading cases it's referred to in the real old cases #1 on- # Interviewer: #2 {D:Is that right} # 387: when you're talking about nuisances #1 {D:is} hog parlor # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # {NW} Okay {NW} Uh- What about a place where a farmer would milk his cows 387: I always think of that as being the milking barn Interviewer: The milking barn okay but no place outside where they'd be milked 387: Mm no Never. Interviewer: Okay {NW} Are they any farms around here where uh- just milk cows are raised 387: Oh yeah {X} dairy Interviewer: Mm-hmm Yeah {NW} What about uh- this situation in days before people had uh- uh- uh- refrigeration what did they do about perishables like milk and butter 387: They- they put it in the well and that's what I understand Interviewer: You ever heard of them putting it maybe in the stream or 387: #1 Putting it in a spring yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh moving {X} water # 387: Mm-hmm But Interviewer: Keep it cold 387: But so many times {NS} you know- that wasn't as convenient as a well if they had one #1 of course # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: the wells in those days were dug rather than drilled like they are now they were big enough to put it down in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and uh- but in a- most folk- you know- most folks just didn't want to have to walk to a stream even if they were you know- even if they lived very close to it #1 it was still # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: pretty good little- you know- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: a walk to #1 get it out # Interviewer: #2 yeah # I see 387: But not very much of that mostly folks put it in the well Interviewer: {NW} You ever heard of people digging out a place somewhere to store their potatoes in the winter time maybe cover them with dirt and corn shucks 387: I've just read about that I've never heard of anybody around here doing it Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay fine The open area around a barn on the farm where the animals would be- be free to walk around what would you call that place 387: The lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay now the place where your cattle graze what would you call that 387: The pasture Interviewer: Yeah now when you think of a pasture do you think of it as being open or fenced in 387: Well I think of it being fenced Interviewer: Mm-hmm What kind of fencing would be used around here 387: Barbed wire Interviewer: Do you have names for any other kind of wired fencing 387: Uh hog wire and chicken wire but uh- the hog wire as being the- the- wire that's probably oh four or six inches and the holes in it are four or six inches square and the chicken wire maybe a- it's- it- the holes more round maybe an inch in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: diameter Interviewer: Yeah okay What about wooden fencing around here 387: Only wooden fencing around here is decorative I think just- around uh- be just around somebody's house just enclosing their yard- just be- I think decorative fencing Of course they use wooden posts you know with the barbed wire quite a bit but- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But not You never see any wooden fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't ever remember seeing anything {D:like that} Oth- other than decorative fences Interviewer: Do you have a name for this particular kind of decorative fencing you know that comes to a point #1 it's usually painted white # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # A picket fence Interviewer: Picket fence yeah Does uh paling fence mean anything to you 387: Mm no Interviewer: Okay what about the type of wooden fence that you make from split rails and it's in a zig zag sort of arrangement 387: I always- I've- a rail fence Interviewer: #1 Rail fence yeah # 387: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: You mentioned posts this is just for pronunciation but just one of them would be a 387: Post Interviewer: Okay {NW} What about in this part of the country do you ever see uh- walls or fences made out of loose stone or rock 387: Not- Not loose I don't think You'd see a rock wall sometime but it'd be cemented and usually for- around the house you know decorative Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay On- on another- on a farm where- the place where oh say cotton grows you would say cotton grows in a 387: Field Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is there any something different from a field maybe in size that you would call by some other name 387: Yeah maybe a small one would be a patch Interviewer: Yeah so the difference between patch and field is 387: #1 the size I think # Interviewer: #2 the size of it # but you could grow the same thing in a patch as you could in a field 387: Right I think so Interviewer: Okay Tell me about cotton was uh- cotton ever grown in this area 387: Oh yeah mm-hmm Quite a bit There's not much now but yeah it used to be {D:grown a lot} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} What about uh- when you uh- worked the cotton have you heard any uh- specific terms used by people when they're talking about 387: Heard folks chopping cotton but I always thought and hoeing cotton Interviewer: Yeah 387: but I always thought of chopping as being the {NW} you know using the hoe and thinning it Interviewer: #1 Right # 387: #2 So # so it's not you know cutting a few plants out and leaving one every foot or whatever Then I've always thought of the hoeing as being- as cultivating Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: #1 Loosening the soil {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay 387: I don't know if that's right but that's the way I #1 understood it # Interviewer: #2 Alright # Good to know {NW} What about some of the- the grass that uh- gives trouble in a cotton field #1 {X} # 387: #2 That's weeds # Interviewer: Okay any special kind of weed that uh you have trouble with around here 387: #1 Johnson grass probably # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Okay 387: Probably Johnson grass Interviewer: Alright I asked you about a few utensils things like that if you were going to uh uh get some water out of the well you'd take a what with you 387: Bucket Interviewer: Alright Now what if you're going to milk a cow what would you take 387: A bucket Interviewer: Alright You ever heard any other words used 387: Pail maybe but- but not very often around here Interviewer: #1 To you is there a difference # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: between a bucket and a pail 387: I always think of a pail as being a bucket that's kept extra clean and used only for milking maybe you know a real shiny one but I don't know that there's any difference Interviewer: But bucket and pail could be made of the same thing 387: Oh yeah I think {D:that} Interviewer: Okay {NW} What about uh if your wife was having company uh talking about her best dishes what they're made of 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you can say they're made of # 387: {D: China} Interviewer: Alright uh have you ever hear of an egg being made out of {D:that} or something similar that a farmer would put in a hen's nest #1 to fool it into laying # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # I've heard of that But I don't know any name for it other than just an egg Interviewer: okay {NW} This is a phrase just for pronunciation again but talking about an egg like that that were made of plastic you call it plastic egg 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 If it were made of china you'd call it a # 387: China egg Interviewer: Okay This is another type of container that uh women kept around the kitchen to throw scraps in for the hogs 387: A slop bucket Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay What would you use if you were going to fry an egg or fry a piece of ham 387: Frying pan Interviewer: Okay any other words for this 387: Skillet Interviewer: Okay Ever heard of one that had legs that was used for cooking in the fire place 387: A- a skillet pot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: No the only thing that that I've heard used in the you know in the fire place would be a dutch oven {D:now} Interviewer: Dutch oven {D:yeah} 387: #1 Course it'd have a- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # deeper than a skillet or- 387: It's- yeah- it's deeper. I think of it being more like a kettle but it has a top and it- and it'd have a- sort of a the- the top t- would be sort of concave so it'll hold cold. #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I think that's what I think of- or have a lip around the edge anyway so they wouldn't just fall off that's what I think of it as. Interviewer: Yeah {X} Uh You ever heard the word spider used uh to mean a skillet with legs 387: No #1 never have # Interviewer: #2 never heard that okay # You mentioned kettle now would you ever use the word kettle to describe one of these great big old black vessels you see sitting in people's front yards out in the country 387: I wouldn't No uh I don't- I'm- I never have heard that I don't think Interviewer: What would you call that 387: A wash pot Interviewer: Wash pot alright This is a container that you would uh use to um display cut flowers in 387: #1 A vase # Interviewer: #2 inside # Alright and the names of the individual pieces that you use when you're eating a meal #1 those would be # 387: #2 uh # I always say the silver Interviewer: Okay What about each individual piece 387: The knife and the spoon and the fork Interviewer: Okay and knife the plural would be 387: Knives Interviewer: Okay Uh Say that you've eaten a meal and the dishes are dirty you say you have to do what #1 to the dishes # 387: #2 wash the dishes # Interviewer: Okay and to get the soap suds off #1 you have to # 387: #2 rinse them # Interviewer: Okay Do you have a name for the piece of cloth or rag that you use when you're washing the dishes 387: I always call it the dish rag Interviewer: Okay what about the one that you use when you're drying them 387: The dish towel Interviewer: Okay and the thing that you would use to bathe your face with when you're taking a bath 387: I say wash rag Interviewer: Okay and the big one that you dry off with 387: The towel Interviewer: Alright In your kitchen the thing right over the sink that the water comes out of do you have a name for that 387: I call it the faucet Interviewer: Alright Now outside the thing that you'd hook a garden hose up to what about that 387: I call that the faucet too Interviewer: Okay you know these portable water containers uh- that you might take fishing #1 or whatever # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: There's usually a thing that you press or something that the water would come out of do you have a name for that 387: I don't ever use anything I guess I'd- I guess that would be the spigot Interviewer: Okay fine Alright this verb I'm after say it's winter time and you uh turn on the water in the morning but nothing comes out you might say well great I'll bet the pipe's 387: Frozen Interviewer: Okay and they might actually 387: They might bust Interviewer: #1 Okay # 387: #2 I say bust # Interviewer: Alright 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Bust # Uh this is another container that people used years and years ago uh to ship a lot of flour in 387: Barrel Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm sure # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 387: #2 # Interviewer: What about something that looks like a barrel except it's smaller about 387: That'd be a nail {D: kick} #1 That's what I say # Interviewer: #2 Sure okay # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Do you have a name for those uh metal things that go around the barrel and hold the staves in place 387: I'd- just- hoop Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay the plural would be several 387: #1 Hoops # Interviewer: #2 oh okay # This is something that you would put in a a narrow mouth bottle if you were oh bottling wine or some kind of liquid to keep it from spilling that would be a 387: {NW} Top Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 Cap # Interviewer: You'd use a uh okay let's go ahead and go with that I needed that one anyway just wasn't what I was after but what you would put in it to keep it from spilling out that would be a 387: Oh a stopper #1 if you put it in {D:there} uh-huh okay # Interviewer: #2 Yeah right uh-huh # What would you think of that stopper as being made out of 387: Cork Interviewer: Okay and this other thing I talked about uh let's see {NS} {X} a little sketch kind of looks like this you know That would be a what 387: Funnel Interviewer: Yeah right that's what I {NS} alright and this something that you would uh crack around the horse's ears to get them to go faster if you were driving a buggy 387: A whip Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright 387: {NS} Excuse me {X} {NS} Interviewer: Alright let's see If you were in the grocery store uh after you've made your purchase the grocery boy would put your purchase in a what 387: Sack Interviewer: Okay What would it be made out of 387: Paper Interviewer: Alright Now what if you wanted to buy something like twenty-five pounds of flour what would that come in 387: It'd come in a- what I call a flour sack Interviewer: Okay What about a- something that's uh- like that that's made out of a coarse rough material that uh- 387: It'd be a tow sack Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 Or a burlap sack # Tow sack mostly Interviewer: You ever hear the- have you ever heard that called a croaker sack 387: Mm-hmm #1 Not quite as much as tow sack # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: but I have heard that called {NS} crocker sack Interviewer: Alright fine Say if a farmer were uh {D:carrying} some corn to the mill to be ground just talking about the amount that he could take at one time you'd say he was taking a what 387: A load Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I guess # I can't- Interviewer: Okay fine Do you know the word turn used that way he's taking a turn of corn 387: Mm-mm no I don't Never heard that Interviewer: Okay fine In a- in a lamp The thing that you screw in the lamp that provides the light that's just a 387: Bulb Interviewer: Yeah would you ever use two words to describe that 387: Light bulb Interviewer: Sure fine And this is something that uh you'd probably use to take wet clothes out to the yard to hang them up on the line 387: A- a basket Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And let's see This is a musical instrument that you play with your mouth and you move it like so 387: Harmonica #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Right # 387: I- {NS} lot of people here call it a harp Interviewer: Harp yeah You ever heard it called a French harp around here 387: Heard of a French harp but I don't know exactly I- I think that's a little bit different #1 supposed to be # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay What about- this is another musical instrument that you play with your mouth but you kind of pluck it 387: Yeah that's a Jew's harp Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright 387: Around here that's a juice harp #1 they call it # Interviewer: #2 juice harp # 387: #1 I think I've # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay {NW} Uh This is very common too what you'd use to beat nails with that would just be a 387: Hammer Interviewer: Right Going to ask you a few things about a wagon uh Do you know what you call the wooden piece that goes between the horses #1 on a wagon # 387: #2 I think that's the tongue # Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Now if {D:you're on}- had a buggy if you were hitching the horses up to a buggy there are these two wooden arms that you back the animal between 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 when you're hitching him up # Do you have a name for those 387: I- I've heard it but I don't know what that is I- Interviewer: Would sheds do that Would you ever use that 387: Heard that but that's not what I was- What I was thinking of uh I'm not sure what it was That's not what I was thinking of Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I was thinking maybe tree but I'm not sure if that's right or not Interviewer: That might be related to something I'll ask you 387: Okay Interviewer: In just a second Alright very- uh on a wagon wheel the outside edge of the wheel you just call that the 387: #1 Uh the rim # Interviewer: #2 what of the wheel # Right Alright now this is might be what you were thinking about but on the wagon you know the trace chains 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: On a wagon they come back and attach to this horizontal arm that moves like this to stabilize the wagon #1 Now do you have a name for that # 387: #2 Now that's the single trail {X} # Interviewer: Yeah right 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 okay # Was that what you were thinking about 387: #1 No {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: uh-uh that's not I'm- I just can't think of what I'm was thinking of But I'm- I- the reason I saw some of those in a in an old #1 antique place out here the other day # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: and something in- the mail was calling them something I can't remember what it was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I just can't remember what they Interviewer: {X} #1 {X} # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about uh- talking about a singletree if you have two horses and each one has a singletree they were both to be attached to a larger one What would that be called 387: A double singletree {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Alright this {D:expression}- {D:Say folk} a farmer goes by in his wagon and he's got a- a load of wood and it- and uh- shortly he comes back with an empty wagon and then a little later he comes back with another load you know this just goes on all day what would you say he's doing 387: Cutting wood Interviewer: Alright specifically the process of- 387: #1 He's hauling wood # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Right okay Alright now How you'd use the word drag let's say if I had a trunk that was too heavy to pick up I might just say well I couldn't uh uh picked that thing up I just- across the floor 387: I- I'd say pull it Interviewer: #1 Okay # 387: #2 but # Interviewer: Now if you had to use some form of the word drag there it was too heavy to pick up I just 387: Drag it Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay If you did it yesterday you'd say yesterday I 387: Dragged it Interviewer: Okay I have- that thing all day 387: Dragged Interviewer: Okay I'm going to have to- 387: Drag Interviewer: Okay Alright getting back to uh the farm work on the farm uh a farmer would uh break the ground with a what 387: With a plow Interviewer: Mm-kay Do you know names for different kinds 387: Little bit uh I always talk of a turning plows Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And then uh A cultivator is {X} Just- just to loosen it Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay You ever heard things like middle busters or- 387: Uh-huh Interviewer: #1 Or {X} # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 I always heard of # middle busters as- as- used mostly in in corn just to break the crust just run the- you know- run the middles and not- not really get weeds out from around the individual plants Interviewer: Right okay fine do you know of- a- another instrument similar to that that you use for breaking up the ground even finer after you plowed the first time 387: A disk maybe Interviewer: Okay any other word that would do that 387: Mm Interviewer: Okay do you know- do you know the word H-A-R-R- 387: Harrow Interviewer: Yeah 387: Mm yeah but I- I've never understood exactly what a harrow was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I always think- thought of a harrow- and I think I'm mistaken- as being sort of a cross between a plow and rake. #1 but I don't know how # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # 387: Maybe that's Interviewer: That's the- that's the way I #1 think of it too # 387: #2 I always think of a harrow # as getting- getting uh- the dirt clots out #1 and maybe getting them in a pile # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 but I don't know if that's right or not # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Okay Alright talking about wagons the thing that runs underneath the wagon that the wheels are attached to that would j- #1 just be the- # 387: #2 the axle # Interviewer: Yeah okay What about- this is a- a kind of a wooden frame that a carpenter would use when doing his work of- it's got legs kind of like that {D:there a cross piece} 387: Saw horse Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm Are you familiar with another type of uh- frame that {D:sort of} shaped like an X you could uh- brace a log right there in the middle you know for sewing it 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you have a name for that kind of thing 387: No I don't have any name at all for that Interviewer: Saw book or a wood rag uh- anything like that 387: I don't think I've ever heard of those Interviewer: Okay fine 387: But I- #1 I know what you're talking about I just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I never had to talk about that Interviewer: Alright Uh In the morning when you get up you would uh use either a comb or a what on your hair 387: Brush Interviewer: Okay The verb form you say you're going to 387: Brush or comb Interviewer: Alright What do call this uh- leather thing that men uh- used to use to sharpen a straight razors on 387: A strop Interviewer: Alright and this is something uh- {X} ammunition you would say that you fired a- a shell in a shotgun but you fired what in a pistol or a rifle 387: A cartridge Interviewer: Alright And this is something you probably played on when you were growing up a long board with one kid on one end and one on the other 387: That's a see-saw Interviewer: Okay What would you say you were doing 387: See-sawing Interviewer: Alright Now this is another thing that you played on except instead of going up and down it went round and round 387: I always called that a merry-go-round Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} you ever heard of any other term for it {NS} 387: No I can't think of one Interviewer: What about flying jenny You ever heard of that 387: I've heard of that but I always thought of that as being a ride at a carnival Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And I don't know if I ever knew exactly what it was Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay But you have heard of the term 387: Oh I've heard the term Interviewer: Yeah 387: But I always thought of that as being a big motorized- I mean a ride- you know- #1 a ride at the carnival # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: But I'm- I'm- Interviewer: Yeah 387: I never knew exactly which one it was Interviewer: Okay Since you have heard it could you just say it for me 387: Flying jenny Interviewer: Yes alright And this is something that's suspended from the limb of a tree 387: That's a swing Interviewer: Yes okay {NW} I think you mentioned the people around here used uh- coal for heating 387: {NW} Some Interviewer: Some did 387: I think it- I think more in the past now- I mean even just the past few years #1 maybe ten or fifteen years # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # {NW} Uh Do you have any idea what you would call a container that you might keep next to the stove with some coal in it you know 387: A scuttle Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that- does it have kind of a tapered uh- lip for pouring 387: #1 Uh- huh yeah # Interviewer: #2 or is it # 387: And it- it does It's- it- it opens wider at the top Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and then has a- like you say- a lip for pouring Interviewer: Okay What would you call- talking about a coal burning stove the pipe that runs out the back of the stove that would just be a 387: The stove pipe Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Now this is something that you would use in yard work it has a wheel out front and pick up on it 387: Wheelbarrow or wheelbarrow it's- {C: alternate pronunciation of wheelbarrow} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 387: #2 What # some folks say. Interviewer: Right What- what do you usually say 387: I say wheelbarrow Interviewer: Wheelbarrow 387: My daddy said wheelbarrow {C: alternate pronunciation of wheelbarrow}. Interviewer: Alright 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {NW} And this is something that you would hold in your hand kind of like a rock #1 to sharpen a knife on # 387: #2 That's a wet rock # Interviewer: Alright What about a bigger one that you would use to sharpen an axe on 387: I think that'd be a grinding wheel or an emery wheel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: I always think that the- that the grinding wheel is operated by foot power and an emery wheel is on an electric motor #1 I don't know why I think that but that's just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # Okay {NW} What about the- the vehicle that uh- you drive around in to get from place to place usually you would just call that a 387: Car Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {NW} And say if uh your wife was going to- to bake a cake she would do what to the pan to make sure it wouldn't stick to it 387: Grease it Interviewer: Alright The past of that you'd say an hour ago she did what 387: Greased Interviewer: Alright if she gets it all over her fingers her fingers are very 387: Greasy Interviewer: Okay {NW} Say if uh- you drove your car into a service station and you wanted him to check it you would ask him to look up under the hood and check the 387: Oil Interviewer: Alright {NW} What about the- the fuel that people burned in uh uh lamps before they had electricity 387: It was kerosene Interviewer: Mm-hmm any other word for that that you know of 387: Everyone's probably heard people call it coal oil but not very much Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 the usual term is kerosene # 387: #2 Kerosene # Interviewer: #1 Okay {NW} # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Around here have you ever heard of people making a- a makeshift lamp or a temporary lamp out of a- a bottle with some kerosene and- a rag for a wick 387: I've never heard of that I don't think Interviewer: Do you know the word flambeau used that way 387: I've heard of flam- the only thing I always think of flambeau as being the little round containers they use on the side- use to have on the side of the road and they would light them you know when they were you know construction projects Interviewer: I see okay 387: I always thought of that as being a flambeau Interviewer: Yeah I- uh would use the word smudge pot for something like that do you know about that term 387: I think a smudge pot as being a a big thing like a garbage can or a fifty-five gallon drum that they build a fire in in Florida to keep the oranges warm Interviewer: #1 Hmm in the orchards I see # 387: #2 that's what I think of it as # Interviewer: Hmm That's interesting Okay Uh The inside part of the tire that inflates you'd call that the inner 387: Tube Interviewer: Alright What about uh- this verb if you had a boat and you were going to check it out put it in the water the process of putting the boat in the water you say you're going to what the boat 387: Some people say launch Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm yeah # 387: #2 but I say # put the boat in the water Interviewer: Okay I was after launch #1 just for pronunciation # 387: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: Around here if you were going fishing on a pond or a lake what kind of boat would you see uh people using 387: A fishing boat Interviewer: Okay any other particular name for one 387: In the past year or two it's gotten to be bass boat #1 everybody # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: says bass boat but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But- but- I'd- I wouldn't say I- Think anything other than fishing boat Interviewer: Yeah {NW} do you have a special name for one that you have to use oars with it doesn't have a motor 387: No Interviewer: Like row boat 387: Heard that #1 but you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I never say that and then never hear it Interviewer: Have you ever heard of any of these uh John boat bateau pirogue any of those 387: Heard of pirogue. I just #1 in songs and things # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # 387: #1 I always think of it as being a dug out canoe # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh right # Okay fine {NW} Alright say if your wife is going to make a dress of something she would carry with her a little square of cloth to match you know the material what would you call that 387: A sample Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay and this adjective if she's looking at dresses at a window she would say my goodness that sure is a- dress 387: Pretty Interviewer: {D:And the} comparative of that you would say oh this one's pretty but I think this one's even- 387: Prettier Interviewer: Okay {NW} and the thing that she wears around her waist when she works in the kitchen that would be a 387: Apron Interviewer: Alright and this thing right here with ink you would call it a 387: Pen Interviewer: Okay and you say a dime is worth what in terms of cents 387: Ten cents Interviewer: Okay {NW} and uh- you would keep a baby's diaper together with a 387: Pin Safety pin Interviewer: Okay and #1 some of these old houses out in the country you see # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that have these metal roofs 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 that # metal is probably 387: Tin Interviewer: Okay Alright talking about clothing what would you say the man's three piece suit consists of 387: Uh trousers and a suit and a vest I mean trousers coat and a vest #1 Excuse me # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # Any other terms for trousers #1 that men use around here # 387: #2 Pants # Interviewer: Pants okay 387: I always think of trousers as being dress pants and- Interviewer: Right okay Alright the- the verb bring how would you use that a delivery boy might uh come up to your house and say I've- you a package 387: #1 I brought you a package # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yesterday he 387: Brought Interviewer: Okay He's going to 387: Bring Interviewer: me another one okay Alright this uh- verb if I'm trying on some clothes I might say well uh that coat won't fit this year but last year it- perfectly 387: It fit perfectly Interviewer: Okay and if your old clothes are worn out say the ones that you wear to church you say you need to go to town to buy yourself a 387: Sunday clothes Interviewer: Okay or let's see #1 another way of getting {X} # 387: #2 A new suit # Interviewer: Yeah that's what I wanted exactly okay If you stuff a lot of things in your pockets your pockets begin to do what 387: Bulge Interviewer: Okay and this verb if you put a shirt in water that's too hot for it it's going to what 387: Fade #1 or shrink # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Right that's what I want uh you put it in the water and it did what 387: Shrunk Interviewer: Okay If you've done that several times you'd say every time I've done that the shirt has 387: Shrunk Interviewer: Okay Alright this expression if a girl is going out on a date and she's spending a lot of time in front of the mirror what would you say she's doing 387: Primping Interviewer: Okay now what if a boy's uh- doing the same thing he's getting ready to go out on a date what would you say about him 387: I'd probably just say he was getting ready Interviewer: Getting ready but you wouldn't say the boy's primping 387: No I always- no I don't think so Interviewer: Mm-kay fine What about the- the big thing that a woman carries all her things around 387: Purse Interviewer: Okay and uh- something that she might wear around her wrist that would be a 387: Bracelet Interviewer: Alright what about around her neck 387: Necklace. Interviewer: Alright What if it were uh- beads or pearls would you call it anything besides a necklace 387: Mm no other the- #1 other than just maybe beads or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} Would you say just beads or would you say string of beads or pair of beads #1 any of those sound familiar # 387: #2 No uh-uh # Interviewer: #1 just beads # 387: #2 not at all # Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay fine 387: I always say necklace myself Interviewer: Right alright uh these are things that men uh- might use to help keep their pants up they go over their shoulders those would be 387: Suspenders Interviewer: Yeah any other word you've heard 387: Heard them called galluses some Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But not very- not very much Interviewer: What sort of person do you associate that word galluses with uh 387: #1 Somebody old with a big old white handle bar mustache # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: {NW} Interviewer: Alright fine You ever heard them called braces 387: I've heard them called that but not very often not very- not very much Interviewer: Okay {NW} and the thing that you would use when it's raining to keep rain off of you that would be 387: Umbrella Interviewer: Yeah any other word for that 387: No Interviewer: What about parasol 387: I always think of parasol as being something that- more decorative than useful and if it was used for anything it'd be to keep the sun off Interviewer: Oh I see okay would women be more likely to use {NS} a parasol 387: Oh yeah I think they'd be {NS} the only ones excuse me {NS} Interviewer: Okay uh talking about making up a bed the last thing that goes on the bed that would be a 387: Bedspread Interviewer: You ever heard any old fashioned words for bedspread 387: Mm No I- Interviewer: What about counterpin or counterpane 387: Never heard those I don't believe Interviewer: Okay {NW} and you would rest your head on a 387: Pillow Interviewer: Alright something that's similar to a pillow except it- it's larger kind of like a big {D:roll} that you might find at the head of the bed 387: Bolster maybe Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm Now this phrase if it's a particularly large bolster you might say it doesn't go just part way across the bed it goes 387: All the way Interviewer: Alright {NW} And there's something else you might have on a bed in wintertime for warmth they're usually patched together 387: Quilt Interviewer: Yeah {NW} #1 and a place that you would make up on a floor # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: where a child would sleep that would be a 387: Pallet Interviewer: Okay {NW} getting back to the land uh this is an adjective you might use a farmer might say that uh he expects to get a big crop this year because the soil is very {NS} 387: Rich Interviewer: Okay another one that you might use there 387: #1 I can't think- # Interviewer: #2 begins with an F # the soil is very 387: Fertile Interviewer: Yeah 387: I don't ever use that one #1 {X} yeah # Interviewer: #2 Well okay it's just for pronunciation # What about a what would you call low lying land uh very good land that uh it's very productive might have had water on it at one time 387: Just #1 bottom land maybe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah okay # What about the land that's low lying grassland 387: {X} Interviewer: It worked out okay 387: Oh you'll- you'll get a kick out of him yeah Interviewer: {X} 387: Was he raised around here Interviewer: Yeah he's third generation #1 as a matter of fact # 387: #2 Oh well I didn't kn- # I think his daddy works at the post office but I didn't really but I didn't really know him or anything Oh he's a mess well that's good then Interviewer: Do the blacks mostly use his uh uh {X} 387: There's no one here and the competition's hot and heavy #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Is that right # 387: Oh they fight over bodies sometimes Even actually go to court over it Interviewer: Hmm 387: And so uh He tur- I think now though He's probably got more of the business than the other one The other one is strict one there In the past they were the- you know they were the black leaders Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh you know {D:and so}- but I think he's sort of Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I think he's really hurt their business # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I think he does- # Interviewer: #1 yeah # 387: #2 I think he does quite a bit more # Interviewer: Okay He has an unusual first name alright 387: Cuvier {NW} I don't know where in the world they came up with that Interviewer: It was {D:on} his uh name plate on his desk It was C-U-V-I-E-R I that was a first for me I've never heard of that 387: I'll tell you what you'd be surprised black folks They go they'll have a name and spell it four or five different ways Interviewer: #1 {D:Is that right} # 387: #2 {X} # they have it different on their driver's license and different on their social security card and Interviewer: {D:Yeah} 387: and different on their birth certificate if they have one Interviewer: {X} problems with your legal documents that sort of thing do you have to include them all or 387: Aw not very much except well Try to like make a will get the name that they that they're known by Interviewer: Yeah 387: Usually It doesn't really matter as long as you got something that you can ide- you know identify Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: But I've seen before black ones that would have there would be two brothers named Jimmy No middle name #1 They're both Jimmy or both James or both Charles # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: and it's Interviewer: {NW} 387: and of course that's just you know it's impossible for them Interviewer: {X} what people call them too 387: Oh good grief yeah that's I'm sure it does {D:but it} Well they come to court you know those names Interviewer: Yeah 387: {X} Oh there's some {D:dillicks} down there #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I- the first person I interviewed for this project was an old black man {D:whose name was} General 387: General Interviewer: Yeah 387: Yeah there's several Generals around Interviewer: That right 387: There's one in Mumford named Early {B} #1 the last name # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: Early is his given name Interviewer: #1 Is there whiskey named {X} # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah 387: And that's uh that's his only name Interviewer: Yeah 387: And there are In the {X}- The reason I thought of it I saw one of them on the docket last week for a speeding ticket or something but my sister taught him {D:that one brother and there were two} {X} twins named Huntley and Brinkley {B} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 387: #2 They always # Remember them you know Interviewer: {NW} yeah 387: {X} comes to court when there there was John Wayne {B} and {D:Jenny Carls} {B} You remember Benny Carl on the television Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 don't know him # From Birmingham Where where were you where'd you grow up Interviewer: In Troy 387: Troy probably didn't get Birmingham {D:but what'd you call someone there} Interviewer: Was it a local 387: #1 Oh yeah it was the local cartoon show or something like that # Interviewer: #2 program yeah yeah # 387: When we were kids everybody watched Benny Carl Interviewer: I get a kick out of those uh things that you know Faulkner {X} up for something that smokes characters like Montgomery {D:Ward} 387: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} {NW} # That's the word {X} Okay let's see I was asking you about the land and you were telling me about meadow and that wasn't used {X} 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: What about a piece of land that's not good for much of anything because it has water standing on it {X} tide it's got you know trees and bushes growing in it 387: A swamp Interviewer: Yeah Do people around here ever use the word marsh for any kind of- 387: No I don't think so I don't think they do Interviewer: Do you have a name for the land around the ocean you know right on the edge of the water where you might have some sort of growth {X} uh something growing out of it 387: I think that'd be a marsh Interviewer: That would be a marsh okay 387: I always think of marsh as being salt water Interviewer: Yeah 387: But I don't know if that's Interviewer: Sure some people {X} Alright What about uh talking about the land around here different types of soil you know nothing technical just {X} has a lot of sand in it or clay something like that what do you have around here 387: Mostly clay Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 mostly red clay # Especially in Clay county Interviewer: Makes sense 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Yeah # 387: But it's but it's red they call- you know- {X} Red {X} famous for growing watermelons Interviewer: Mm-hmm You know the word loam or uh 387: I know it but I- but it's hardly ever used I always think of loam as being as being dirt with sand in it that's looser Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that considered good or poor soil 387: Oh I think that's good Interviewer: Good soil okay Have you ever heard of the words buckshot or gumbo used around here to describe soil type 387: No uh-uh Interviewer: Okay {NW} So if a man had a a piece of land with water on it He wants to put it to cultivation you'd say he was doing what to the land to get the water out 387: Draining it Interviewer: Okay and the thing that he dug to take the water off that would be a 387: Ditch Interviewer: Okay Around here uh what do the people call fresh water flowing along 387: a stream Interviewer: Okay now is that as small as it gets or is there anything smaller than a stream 387: Think they go from a river to a creek to a stream and uh- I think a stream and a branch are sort of synonymous Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and a spring is a I think is a stream that's that's uh I think it's faster running but it's small and it's cold water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Comes out of the ground I think Interviewer: I see okay Do the creeks or rivers, streams or whatever around here have names 387: Oh yeah Interviewer: Could you name me a few of them off the top of your head 387: Oh yeah there's {X} creek and Port house creek Interviewer: What 387: #1 Port house creek # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 387: and uh- Port house creek's also called uh Port house branch and let's see and it's also called Howl's creek some Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: or Howl's branch m- more Howl's branch and it's it's either c- usually folks refer to it as Howl's branch or Port house creek Interviewer: Is there a {X} good {X} 387: Uh-huh it's the name of a family that settled a- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: area I think and there's Chop rock creek and there's {D:Cheedhall creek} and uh let's see that's pretty much the creeks and things I think around Interviewer: Any rivers {X} 387: Cushaw river mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay {NW} What about a place that you're walking along in the woods and you come into a place that's oh maybe ten feet deep ten feet across you know that that gradually eroded by flowing in the water what would you call a place like that 387: #1 I don't have a special name # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Well it's a- did you say pool 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} {NW} Not that much water in it It might not even have water in it at all you know it's just a big 387: Oh Oh I see what you mean just a ditch Interviewer: Yeah Okay Do people around here use the word gully 387: Yeah I'll- yeah I always think of a gully as a as a {NW} you know what yeah it might be a gully A big eroded Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 {X} ditch I think of as a gully # Interviewer: Okay Do people around here ever use the word ravine 387: Not much And I- I think a ravine would be a big one #1 sort of a canyon-like # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: ditch but no you don't hear that much Interviewer: Okay fine What about a- a small elevation in the land you'd say you're going up a little 387: Hill or rise Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay something a good bit larger than a hill you would call that a 387: Mountain Interviewer: What about- talking about a mountain the- the rocky edge of a mountain that drops off pretty sharp that would be a 387: Cliff Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay the plural you'd say it has a lot of 387: Cliffs Interviewer: Okay What about a- a low place in the mountain where a road might go across that would be a 387: That would be a {D:patch} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what I'm after is just for pronunciation # but uh- say in these old western movies you know when a gunfighter shot somebody he'd carve one of these in the handle of his gun 387: A notch Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh you ever use that word to mean a little place in the mountains 387: Mm No I don't think so Interviewer: okay and a place where boats uh- stop and and unload their freight that would be a 387: dock Interviewer: Okay Uh what about- what would you call a place in the mountains where water falls a good distance 387: A waterfall Interviewer: Okay Here in uh- Talladega county talking about the road system what they're- you know- made of and all that what kinds of roads do you have 387: Well we got dirt roads and paved roads or blacktop roads most of them are either if they're not dirt they're uh- they're paved and they're either paved with usually with asphalt or tar and gravel a lot of the county roads out in the county are tar and gravel Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I see What about uh- if you're driving along out in the country and uh you come across a little road that goes off the main road would you have a name for that 387: Mm {NW} Interviewer: Like side road or farm road or farm-to-market road 387: #1 Maybe a side road but # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: uh but if you were out that far out in the country you'd probably be on a side road too Interviewer: Side road 387: yeah you hear farm m- you don't hear farm-to-market road much anymore but I always think of a farm-to-market road as being paved Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay well what would you call a- a road that goes from the street up to a man's house that would just- 387: Driveway Interviewer: Yeah and uh- what about a place on a farm where the cattle walk you know when they eaten out the place 387: Cow path maybe Interviewer: cow path okay {NW} and in town uh the place where people walk next to the street that would be a 387: sidewalk Interviewer: yeah {NW} around here may- maybe residential areas do you have a grassy area between the sidewalk and the street 387: in g- uh-huh in residential areas Interviewer: Is- do you have a name for that 387: No Interviewer: {NW} {X} I've always called that tree lawn but I've rarely found anybody else who did 387: Mm #1 never heard of that # Interviewer: #2 you don't have a name for that # okay fine {NW} Alright this expression say if a- a dog uh- frightens a boy the boy might reach down and pick up a 387: rock Interviewer: and you'd say he did what 387: Threw it Interviewer: Okay {NW} any other word for- besides saying he threw it anything else that'd be said around here 387: I can't think of anything Interviewer: what about he chucked it 387: Yeah occasion Interviewer: What sort of people would you think of using that word 387: I think children as using that Interviewer: Mm-hmm they would say 387: Chunk maybe Interviewer: Okay {NW} say if somebody drives up and is trying to locate your wife uh you might say well I'm sorry but she's not 387: Here Interviewer: Mm-hmm specifically if she's cooking You'd say oh yeah she's 387: cooking supper she's in the kitchen Interviewer: Right okay {X} preposition I wanna get from you here if you well first let me ask you what do you call the the hot be- beverage that you're drinking that's 387: Coffee Interviewer: Yeah how do you drink coffee I mean you know what do you like in it 387: Oh I put sugar and creamer in that Interviewer: alright say if somebody wa- didn't want anything in his coffee how would he order it 387: Black Interviewer: Anything else you've heard 387: Mm No {X} Interviewer: Could you use straight there 387: Don't think I've ever heard that Interviewer: What about bare-footed 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # {X} about preposition if you- if you didn't want anything in your coffee you say like so say if you didn't want milk in your coffee you say I take my coffee blank milk 387: Without milk Interviewer: Okay but if you do want some in you coffee you say you take your coffee 387: with milk Interviewer: mm-hmm alright 387: But I- you hardly ever hear anybody say they take it around here Interviewer: Is that right 387: but not very much Interviewer: What would- how- how would they phrase that 387: How would you like your coffee Interviewer: #1 how would you like your coffee # 387: #2 or what would you like in it # Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {NW} alright this uh- expression somebody's not going away from you you say he's coming right 387: Towards you Interviewer: alright and talking about somebody that you just happened to meet you might say well I wasn't looking for old so and so I just sort of 387: Ran into him Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright and uh if a child is given the same name that uh her mother has you'd say that uh the parents named the child 387: after her mom Interviewer: okay alright {NW} talking about some animals now uh tough question type of animal that barks is a 387: dog Interviewer: Okay do you have a name for a dog that's not a- a pure breed but he's several different types all mixed together 387: around here people just call it just mixed breed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Or Heinz #1 {X} you know # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: fif- fifty-seven right? Interviewer: Would you ever use the word mongrel or cur 387: No I don't think so I always think of a cur as being a- as being a vicious dog Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: A mean you know big Interviewer: Yeah right 387: Vicious dog that's what I think of it Interviewer: sure okay 387: but you wouldn't hear that much Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would you say to a dog if you wanted him to get after another person or another dog 387: Sic 'em Interviewer: Alright and uh {NS} {NS} okay {X} we were talking about dogs 387: Yeah Interviewer: this- this verb uh if uh- you're warning somebody about a dog you might say you better watch out for him he might 387: Bite you Interviewer: Yeah because yesterday he 387: Bit somebody Interviewer: Okay He's- a lot of people 387: Bitten Interviewer: alright tell me about a heard of cattle what do you call the male animal 387: the bull Interviewer: can you remember having ever been told that that was not a polite word to use in mixed company 387: No Interviewer: Have you- you ever heard of a situation years ago in which that was the case 387: Mm no I don't- I don't think so Interviewer: Alright and the animal that gives milk you just call that a 387: cow Interviewer: yeah what about the animals that you would use uh to plow a field you might use 387: a {D:ewe} Interviewer: or another really massive animal that would- 387: oxen Interviewer: Mm-hmm they never used them around here I don't think or if they did it's been #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 a long- # a long ti- I heard my fa- my grandfather talk about you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 having a yoke oxen and # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 and working them # Interviewer: Mm-hmm now you said a yoke of oxen how many does that have 387: two Interviewer: alright what if you had two mules what would you call them 387: A pair of mules Interviewer: pair of mules okay would team do there 387: I guess it would but I don't I've heard of a team but I don't know I always Interviewer: #1 {X} number # 387: #2 {X} # I'm not I'm not sure of the number but I think it I think it'd be more than one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I don't know whether it would be more than two or not Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I'm- I'm- I'm not familiar with that Interviewer: Alright fine Uh {X} talking about cattle a small one you would call that a 387: calf Interviewer: Yeah do you distinguish between them do you have different names for male and female calves 387: No Interviewer: like bull and heifer calf or something like that 387: {X} you hear heifer a lot and I think heifer is a is a young female calf that's never that's never had a calf herself Interviewer: #1 Right # 387: #2 and I think # She remains a heifer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Until she has a calf unless she gets real old then she's just an old barren cow Interviewer: {X} okay fine uh say if you have a cow and she's uh expecting a calf you'd say that she's going to what 387: Have a calf Interviewer: any other expressions you've heard maybe associated with farmers or {NS} 387: mm no I'm a- I'm Interviewer: {X} drop a calf 387: Heard that yeah heard that drop a calf Interviewer: She's gonna come to the pen she's gonna freshen or come fresh 387: Never have heard those I don't think Interviewer: Alright fine alright animals that you ride you just call a 387: horses #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # One would be a 387: Horse Interviewer: Alright what about the male what do you call that 387: Uh just a stud or a stud horse Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay you ever hear people use the word stallion around here 387: occasionally mm-hmm probably well probably as much as you know Interviewer: a stud 387: Maybe not quite as much but some Interviewer: Mm-hmm so a lot of people might say 387: He's a stallion or or a probably stud's the more popular Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay what about the female she would be a 387: just a horse or a filly Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you ever hear people use the word mare 387: yeah mare that's what I meant to say is mare and I think a filly sort of like a um #1 a heifer I think # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 that's what I think # Interviewer: #2 right # 387: #1 {X} mare # Interviewer: #2 okay # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: sometimes Interviewer: filly would be a unbred #1 # 387: #2 I think so # a younger one right I think so Interviewer: Alright this is a verb you say uh you get on your horse and you begin to- 387: ride Interviewer: yeah you got on it and you- 387: rode Interviewer: Mm-hmm you- a lot today 387: ridden Interviewer: alright and if you can't stay on you'd say you fell 387: off Interviewer: what about a a little boy who wakes up in the morning and he's on the floor he might say well {X} of the night I must have 387: fallen off the bed Interviewer: okay getting back to horses the things that are on the bottom of their feet you would call them 387: hooves Interviewer: okay and just one would be a 387: hoof Interviewer: okay what about the- the metal things that you put on the hoofs 387: horseshoes Interviewer: alright you ever played a game with those 387: Mm-hmm pitching Interviewer: alright and what did you say you were doing 387: Pitching horseshoes Interviewer: horseshoes okay have uh sheep ever been {D:grown} raised in this part of the country 387: Not much every once in a while somebody has some but I think they were just had them more as a novelty I don't know of anybody that's ever raised them commercially Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would they raise them for 387: #1 their meat # Interviewer: #2 around here # {X} 387: I think so Interviewer: Let's see would they ever clip them uh 387: not very much not very much I don't think because I've never heard of anybody having enough to make it worth while Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't think one or two I don't know what you'd do with them Interviewer: yeah 387: do with the wool Interviewer: yeah yeah okay 387: but I think I think maybe the few that have had them have either sort of had them as pets or either I met one fellow that raises them and then uh kills them and barbecues the meat and sells it like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I see do you happen to know what you would call the male animal the male sheep 387: uh maybe a ewe Interviewer: I think that's the female 387: #1 is that the female # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: I guess he'd be the ram then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I guess that's what it'd be the ram that's right it would be you're right Interviewer: okay 387: {X} I never just {X} Interviewer: I think I might have seen them once or twice in my life alright animals that you raise uh you know for pork uh bacon and all that you would call them 387: hogs Interviewer: yeah what about small ones 387: That'd be a pig Interviewer: Is there an intermediate size uh bigger than a pig but not quite full grown 387: No No I don't think so Interviewer: okay do you know the word shoat 387: yes I always thought shoat a shoat was a I don't know which one it is was a was a young male pig but I might be wrong there Interviewer: {X} 387: I'm- I'm not sure about that but Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {X} full grown you call that a 387: He's a hog Interviewer: Yeah what about the male hog 387: {X} I always just call that a hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you know the word boar 387: Yeah #1 but I always think of a boar as being a wild hog # Interviewer: #2 a wild hog # yeah alright say if a- a farmer didn't want his uh young male hog to grow up to be a a boar you'd say he did what to him 387: #1 cut him or castrated him # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah now is there a name for them after that's been done to him 387: If there is I don't know it Interviewer: alright do you know the word B-A-R-R-O-W 387: Barrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: No I've heard of barrows and shoats but I just don't {X} #1 when they're talking about the prices {X} # Interviewer: #2 right # okay what would you call um- a- a female hog 387: A sow Interviewer: yeah do you have um a- a name for an unbred female hog 387: No and if there is I don't know about it Interviewer: Do you know gilt 387: No I don't {X} Interviewer: Okay these stiff hairs that grow on hogs' back you call them 387: bristles Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the long teeth that some of them have 387: I think those would be just uh- uh {X} I can't say it it's on the tip of my tongue tusk Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 sure # 387: #2 tusk # Interviewer: you ever heard people call them {D:tushes} 387: tushes yeah Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you associate that with a particular kind of person {D:tushes} or just anybody who's likely to say that 387: I think somebody that I think uh mm you know hate to say I think that's more illiterate you know Interviewer: yeah okay alright these wooden things that you pour feed in for the hogs {X} they would be 387: That's a trough Interviewer: okay more than one that's several 387: Troughs Interviewer: Alright Now you mentioned wild hogs have you ever heard any other word for them besides just wild hog 387: Wild boar Interviewer: {D: you have a wild boar} 387: Uh No Razorback Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that used 387: #1 Not around here # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: We don't there aren't any around here that I know of and they never Interviewer: okay Alright talking about the noise that's made by a calf when it's being weaned you might say well just listen to that calf 387: Mooing Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright What about a noise made by a cow if it's hungry or wants to be milked you'd say listen to that cow 387: Mm I'd say mooing Interviewer: Mooing too alright and the general noise that a horse makes you would say it does what 387: Neighs Interviewer: Alright A general term for animals like cows and horses, mules and so forth would you have one word that would cover all of those 387: That- that'd be livestock Interviewer: Livestock okay What would you use for your cows and bulls and calves 387: I think that would be cattle Interviewer: Cattle okay do you have a general word for feathered animals like ducks and geese and guineas chickens 387: If we did it'd be fowl but I don't think anybody I I don't think they use that you know around here much Interviewer: Would they use a general word or would they just refer to them specifically 387: I- I think they refer to them specifically Interviewer: Okay 387: I think they talk about the the roosters and hens as being their chickens Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm 387: What we used to hear are folks that talk about going in the hen house but they've- I think they sorta gotten away from that that's when folks you know had a few hens that they used to you know raise the chickens and and get eggs #1 from them but you know I think most folks have gotten away from that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Yeah {X} Okay What about a- chicken that's sitting on the nest trying to hatch out something you'd call her a what 387: Hen Interviewer: Alright have you ever heard of the term setting here 387: #1 Setting oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright and uh- you were talking about hen house is there any other place that you think about uh chickens staying 387: Chicken house Interviewer: alright {NW} what about these little boxes that you see sometimes uh they're being hauled live you know around on trucks with the little bars and- 387: I think that's a coop Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright and when you fry a chicken there's usually a piece that children like to get and pull apart #1 What do you call that # 387: #2 Wishbone # Interviewer: yeah and what- why do they do that what's the uh purpose 387: I think the short the short uh the one that ends up with the short end gets his wish Interviewer: Mm-hmm any sort of wish 387: Mm yeah anything he wishes {X} Interviewer: So it doesn't necessarily have to do with marriage or who gets married first 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: Okay Uh- do you know what a general word for the inside parts of a of a hog uh- that you could eat but that you might not normally eat like the heart and the lungs and all that sorta thing 387: wouldn't have any any general word other than entrails maybe Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay do you know the word either haslet or harslet or hashlet 387: uh I don't think so Interviewer: Alright what about the intestines of a hog when you clean them out and cook them #1 those would be # 387: #2 now that's chitterlings # Interviewer: yeah you ever eaten any 387: uh-huh #1 sure have a time or two # Interviewer: #2 you like them # uh-huh 387: they're alright but I wasn't that crazy about them #1 usually when they cook them it smells so bad {X} your appetite # Interviewer: #2 yeah right # 387: and then just chew them you know just chew them {D: forever but I've eaten some} Interviewer: Yeah okay 387: A lot of folks {X} you know they really like them Interviewer: there we go alright this expression say if the- the farmer hears these uh- animals uh- {D:carrying on} you know they're hungry you might say well um I didn't know it's- it was so late it's right about 387: feeding time Interviewer: okay have you ever heard a farmer call to his cows to get them to come up from the pasture Do they say anything uh distinctive around here 387: I guess No I really don't know that unless it would be just calling them Interviewer: Mm-hmm just making any kind of racket 387: yeah I can't think of any I can't think of anything Interviewer: {X} cow or something like that 387: Mm no never heard of that Interviewer: alright you have any idea what you would say if you were plowing with mules or horses what you would say to them to get them to turn 387: gee and haw I think Interviewer: Do you know which is which 387: I believe gee is left and haw is right but I'm not sure about that Interviewer: Okay any calls to horses uh- to get them to come in or- how- how would you get your horses to come in 387: I never heard of anyone calling them Interviewer: Do they whistle to horses usually or do you have any idea 387: I- I've just seen that on the movies I've never heard of anybody- only folks I ever talked you know talking about getting up the horse or getting up the cows they either have to catch one horse they either keep one caught up that they can go chase 'em on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: or they lure 'em in with feed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: that's Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: I've seen it in the movies but I've never seen anybody that had any horses that come when they call Interviewer: alright if you were riding a horse what would you say to him to get him started 387: Giddy up Interviewer: alright and to stop it would be 387: Whoa Interviewer: {D:play} what about calling some pigs you know if you wanna feed your pigs have you heard farmers calling to them to get them to come {X} 387: I never have heard that I you know you heard of it in the movies and things but I've never seen any pigs that weren't always just Interviewer: Yeah 387: Trying to run over everybody to get something to eat Interviewer: {NW} Okay they're like here pig {X} anything like that 387: Never have heard any of those except you know in the movies and things Interviewer: What about calls for chickens 387: Heard people say chicky chick chick Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: but that's- but chickens {X} like hogs if they think {X} if somebody thinks they're going to feed them they all ran everywhere anyway Interviewer: Sure stampede I don't guess you know any calls for sheep 387: No Interviewer: Okay alright what would you say if you wanted to get your horse ready to go somewhere you know the process of putting on his saddle and {X} the rest of the gear you'd say you were going to do what to the horse 387: Saddle him Interviewer: alright any other word that you would use there 387: Nothing that I can think of Interviewer: Okay um this is just pronunciation but it begins with an H harnessing is that- would you say that 387: I think of harnessing them as as getting them ready to put them on a wagon Interviewer: I see okay but not to ride 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: Alright what about if you're riding a horse the things that you hold in your hands to guide it with 387: that's the bridle Interviewer: #1 okay # 387: #2 or the reins maybe # Interviewer: alright now what about the things that you hold in your hands to guide the animal if you're plowing with him 387: I think that'd be the line plow line Interviewer: Mm-hmm sure and if you're riding the things that uh- your feet go in they're the 387: stirrups Interviewer: Okay you know say if you have two horses uh- hitched to the wagon do you have a name for the horse on the left side or if you're plowing with two animals the- the horse that- I mean the animal that walks in the {X} do you have a name or a term for him 387: Not that I know of {X} Interviewer: okay do you know lead horse 387: Heard that but I never knew what it was for Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay fine now this expression if- if something's not right near at hand you might say well it's not far away it's just a- over {NS} 387: just I'm not sure I understand it's close by Interviewer: yeah it's close by or it's just a something over 387: just a little over I don't know Interviewer: I was interested in things like it's a little way over it's a little piece over 387: Yeah I've heard all of those some I think Uh just a little bit maybe a little piece Interviewer: Okay now say if you've been traveling but you haven't yet finished your journey you'd say we still have a- to go 387: still have a long way to go Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay something very common you might say well you don't have to look for that in any special place you can find that just about 387: Everywhere Interviewer: okay and if I slip and fall and fall that way you'd say I fell 387: backwards Interviewer: if I fall that way I fell 387: Forward or frontwards Interviewer: okay Uh going back to land for a second uh do you have a name for the trenches that are cut out by a plow those would be the 387: That'd be the- the r- I think that'd be the uh I think I- I don't know if that- I guess that'd be the furrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I was gonna say row but I think that'd be the furrow Interviewer: Okay and the plural would be a lot of 387: furrows Interviewer: alright and if a farmer has a good yield he would say that he raised a big what 387: crop Interviewer: alright 387: or made a big crop #1 I think that's what a lot of them say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay {NW} what about if a man has a piece of land with a lot of bushes and trees growing on it and he wants to put it to cultivation you'd say he did what to the land 387: cleared it Interviewer: people around here have a- a name for land that's just been cleared 387: yeah it's new ground Interviewer: New ground yeah What about if something comes up in a field that you didn't plant Like uh uh you got a stalk of corn growing in your cotton field 387: okay it's a volunteer Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay what about uh- if the hay has been cut the first time and then it comes back up again the second time do you have a name for that when it comes back up again 387: No Not- the second cutting would be the second cutting I think #1 but I don't know of any # Interviewer: #2 {X} after # 387: I don't know of any any particular name Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: for the- for the growth Interviewer: that's what you said second cutting or second growth second crop something like that okay uh {X} wheat ever been grown around here 387: Hardly ever I don't really know of any Interviewer: Okay well we'll make this a hypothetical situation then say uh you- you cut your wheat and you tie it up into a what 387: Mm I {D:can't}- I don't know I guess that might be shock too but I don't- {X} Interviewer: Would bundle do there 387: Bundle might be uh-huh Interviewer: and you meant how would you use shock there would uh Cou- could you use it this way so you- you got your wheat bundle and you take up several bundles and you put them all together #1 would that be a shock too # 387: #2 No I don't think so # I think shock is all it's just raked up to a big pile maybe ten feet tall I think of shock as being taller than a- than a man you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah do you use that word shock as a verb do you ever say they're shocking wheat 387: No I don't think I would Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't think I would- Interviewer: You'd make a shock 387: Mm-hmm {X} Interviewer: Okay {NW} Alright this is a unit of measure I'm after A farmer might say he raised forty what of corn to the acre 387: Bushels Interviewer: Alright and uh another verb what about oats you would say you did what to the oats to separate the the grain from the chow 387: {D:I don't know} unless it was flail Interviewer: alright this is just a verb for pronunciation it begins with T-H 387: thrash Interviewer: Mm-hmm sure okay 387: I'm not familiar with oats either Interviewer: {X} I'm after a few expressions that use pronouns say you and uh- if- if we have to do a job uh together without using our names you look at me and say okay and have to do this 387: he and I Interviewer: {X} specifically 387: you and me Interviewer: alright 387: or you and I Interviewer: Right okay what about well {D:in other words} the jobs not just for one of us it's for 387: Both of us Interviewer: Okay now if you and another man are coming over to see me again without using your name you'd look at him and say- and 387: He and I Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} and if you were gonna identify yourself without using your name like you knocked at my door and you knew that I would recognize your voice you'd say open the door it's just 387: just me #1 that's what I'd say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # and if you were identifying another man you would say it's just 387: him Interviewer: and if it's a woman it's 387: her Interviewer: and if it's several people it's 387: them Interviewer: Okay alright comparing how tall you are you might say he's not as tall as 387: as I am Interviewer: alright the other way around I'm not as tall as 387: He is Interviewer: Okay and comparing how well you can do something you might say uh he can do it better than 387: I can Interviewer: Okay 387: like it always has that verb on the end Interviewer: Right what about uh some possessives um if something belongs to me you would say that 387: It's mine Interviewer: Okay if it belongs to me it's 387: Yours Interviewer: Alright if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's 387: ours Interviewer: If it belongs to him it's 387: his Interviewer: if it belongs to her 387: hers Interviewer: If it belongs to them 387: theirs Interviewer: okay alright this situation if several people had come over to see you and they were about to leave and you're talking to them all as a group what would you say to them you know to express the- the idea that you wanted them to come back sometime 387: Y'all come back Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay now if you were talking to a group again and you were asking them if they owned something together like a car maybe you'd look at them and say is that blank car 387: Your car Interviewer: okay now you used y'all a minute- 387: #1 or y'all's that might be # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm yeah y'all's car # I've heard people around here say y'alls's is that y'alls's 387: I've heard some folks say that but not very often Interviewer: Mm-hmm any particular type of person 387: Black folks Interviewer: would say 387: Y'alls's Interviewer: Y'alls's okay alright this situation- 387: But- but I think they they just don't do that much mostly they'd say youins now Interviewer: Youin 387: Uh-huh Interviewer: Mm-hmm is that youins car like that 387: I think No I don't think they'd say it like that they'd say does it belong to youins Interviewer: Oh I see 387: I don't think they'd ever have the- like youins car Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay alright this situation say if I had been to a party and you didn't get to go and I was telling you about it and you wanted to know everybody that was at the party what would you ask me 387: Who all was there Interviewer: Mm-kay and if I had gone to heard- to hear somebody speak and you didn't go- get to go and I was telling you about it uh and you wanted to know you know the substance of what was said what would you ask 387: what'd he talk about Interviewer: alright now you said though who all was at the party would you ever say what all did he say 387: Yeah mm-hmm #1 that'd be quite common I think # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # so you might say 387: what all did he Interviewer: yeah mm-hmm alright alright uh this expression if no one else will uh look out for them you'd say they've got to look out for 387: themselves Interviewer: alright and if uh no one else will do it for him he's got to do it 387: himself Interviewer: alright alright to change the subject to get back to something more concrete tell me about different things uh different types of bread that you know about {D:anything} made with flour 387: about all the bread of course you know we buy so many kinds but at home I'm- you know my mother made biscuits in the morning sometimes and uh she made cornbread almost every day Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Of course she always was a school teacher and just about every day in the summer when she cooked vegetables some people make white bread but not very often around here I don't think Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and I think the ones that do now it's- I think it's just you know I think some of the older ladies baked baked white bread but now I- I think the {D:peo-} I think the reason people quit is because it's so you know so you can get fresh bread in the stores {X} Interviewer: Sure 387: Probably boils down to the transportation but anyway Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: They can probably get it in the store the same day that it's baked #1 and so # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: but uh folks make cornbread and biscuits and that's #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: pretty much it I think Interviewer: I see what about different things that you can make with cornmeal uh well whe- when- when you say cornbread can you describe that what is it {NW} what does it look like 387: it's- it's yellow and of course the- the top has a little bit of a crust on it and it's made with cornmeal #1 and some people put eggs in it # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: and buttermilk I think folks around here think of cornbread I don't think you'd find many folks that put anything on it other than maybe a little but of butter but- but what I'm getting at I think folks think of cornbread as being sweet a little bit sweet Interviewer: hmm 387: but you know I don't think you'd find anybody putting syrup on it but you know #1 salt and {D:pep} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh what about you ever heard of people putting cracklings in their cornbread 387: mm-hmm {D:that'd} be crackling cornbread or crackling bread Interviewer: you like that 387: mm-hmm yeah I've had that before Interviewer: I do too what about talking about things made with cornmeal these round things that you eat with fish 387: hmm hush puppies Interviewer: yeah alright does the word pone or corn pone mean anything to you 387: heard it but I- you don't ever hear anybody use it or I never have really Interviewer: mm alright what about hoecake 387: heard that too but I- I never really knew what a hoecake was Interviewer: mm okay fine uh do you know {D:spoon rim} 387: No I've heard that too but I don't know what Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 387: #2 I don't know what that is # Interviewer: alright what about a corn dodger 387: mm no I think I've heard it but I don't- I don't have any idea what that would be Interviewer: alright fine alright some people say that there's just two kinds of bread there's uh the kind that you make at home homemade bread and then there's the kind that you buy at the store you call that 387: bought bread Interviewer: mm-hmm alright what about these things that uh have a hole right in the center those would be 387: donuts Interviewer: alright and these are things that you {NW} where you make up the batter and you cook them four or five at a time for breakfast 387: hot cakes Interviewer: yeah any other #1 uh word # 387: #2 pancakes # Interviewer: ever heard people call them flapjacks 387: hardly ever Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: har- not around here they don't Interviewer: it's mostly hot cakes 387: hot cakes or pancakes Interviewer: okay this is just the unit of measure I'm after but about how much flour would you say would come in a bag like that 387: pound five pounds maybe Interviewer: okay and if you're making uh homemade bread this is the stuff that you would put in it to make it rise that would be 387: yeast Interviewer: okay talking about eggs what would you call the two parts of an egg there'd be the 387: the white and the yolk Interviewer: alright what are some ways of preparing eggs that you know about 387: frying them scrambling them boiling them poaching them Interviewer: mm-hmm okay and uh you know of a- a type of meat that you would boil along with grains or peas something like that 387: yeah a little piece of uh either white meat or some fat back of white meat or a a little piece of bacon Interviewer: alright okay what's some other type of meat that you might have for breakfast besides bacon 387: ham or sausage Interviewer: mm-hmm and you would call a man who deals in meat at the grocery store 387: a butcher Interviewer: right now if you were about to buy a lot of bacon but not have it sliced you'd say you bought a whole what 387: slab Interviewer: yeah and when you slice off that slab there's a- an edge that's pretty tough uh you would call that the 387: think that'd be the rind Interviewer: mm-hmm okay what if you- you kept meat uh for too long so that it doesn't taste good anymore you'd say it's what 387: spoiled Interviewer: mm-hmm what about butter that's like that it's been kept too long the taste has gone bad what'd you say about it this butter's- 387: I don't - I don't know what I never thought about that unless it'd be spoiled or gone flat or something I don't- Interviewer: okay would the word rancid or rank do there 387: I al- I've always think of that as sort of like meat I think I'd associate those with meat Interviewer: with meat but not butter 387: I think spoiled would be Interviewer: okay let me ask you about this word have you ever heard anybody around here use the word funky to describe a smell or odor 387: no Interviewer: does that word mean anything to you at all 387: I think funky as being these wild dances they do or something like #1 I think I've heard it on songs or something but # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 I don't really know # Interviewer: #2 {X} to do with music # 387: yeah Interviewer: {D:alright} but not smell 387: no no I never have Interviewer: alright what about uh what can you make with the meat from hog's head 387: souse meat Interviewer: any other word for that you've heard 387: #1 head cheese maybe # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # usually souse head 387: souse yeah Interviewer: mm-hmm what about a dish that you can make by grinding up and uh cooking hog's liver anything 387: mm Interviewer: like liver pudding liver loaf uh 387: I've never heard those I only read those in the foxfire book I've never hear of anybody you know Interviewer: okay anything you've ever heard of made with uh blood from a hog 387: mm no #1 nothing I can think # Interviewer: #2 blood pudding # black pudding 387: not that I can think of Interviewer: okay do you know the word scrapple 387: no Interviewer: okay uh what about thick sour milk that women used to keep around the kitchen uh make stuff out of 387: uh Interviewer: {X} 387: clabbered milk #1 is that what you # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm yeah right # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what- what do you do with clabbered milk far as you know 387: I think other than just cook with I don't know I think they use it in bread making but I don't know I'm not sure Interviewer: well what about this- this white curdle looking stuff that you buy people eat a lot of it when they're on a diet 387: cottage cheese Interviewer: yeah is that related to clabber in any way as far as you know 387: I just don't know Interviewer: not sure 387: I'm not sure about that Interviewer: okay let's say if you a farmer's just milked his cow something what would you say he would do to the milk to get some of the impurities out 387: pasteurize it Interviewer: mm-hmm or if he was just gonna pass it through a- a wired mesh 387: oh he'd uh uh strain it Interviewer: mm-hmm he'd specifically strain the 387: milk Interviewer: mm-hmm okay this is a- a dessert that's baked in a deep dish got uh oh {D:made it} out of apple slices or peach slices has a crust on it what would you call that 387: a pie Interviewer: alright is there anything a little different from a pie generally- 387: cobbler Interviewer: yeah that's what I was after 387: I'm- I'll tell you what I always thought of a the difference in a pie and a cobbler I always thought a pie was- was it was easier to sli- you could slice a pie #1 while a cobbler you sort of had to dip it out with a spoon # Interviewer: #2 yeah spoon it out right # exactly do you ever hear the people around here say cobbler pie 387: no not really I don't think Interviewer: okay alright this expression if somebody has a good appetite might say well so and so sure does like to put away the 387: food Interviewer: mm-hmm you ever hear the word vittles used 387: every once in a while but not very often not very much at all Interviewer: from whom would you {X} 387: old people Interviewer: they might say 387: vittles maybe old country folks might say that Interviewer: alright you ev- what about uh a liquid a sweet liquid that you might pour on a pudding you know to add to the taste it might be made of uh oh I don't know cream and sugar nutmeg something like that 387: a syrup is what I {X} Interviewer: would you ever call something like that a sauce 387: sauce yeah {D:I'd make some} {D:that'd probably be better} Interviewer: okay would you ever call it a gravy if it were sweet 387: no I don't think so Interviewer: what would a gravy be to you 387: gravy would be with uh something you made from a you know it'd be the drippings from a roast with maybe a little flour in it to thicken it if it needed it Interviewer: right 387: but it'd- it'd be you know with a meat that's what I think Interviewer: okay so if you're eating between meals you might say you're having a 387: snack Interviewer: alright and uh this verb you say this morning at seven o'clock you got up and- breakfast 387: cooked breakfast or fixed breakfast Interviewer: and then you 387: ate it Interviewer: alright I've already 387: eaten it Interviewer: it's time to 387: eat Interviewer: okay alright uh if you were going to say you wanted some coffee you'd say well I think I'm gonna go in the kitchen and 387: make a pot of coffee Interviewer: alright and if you just wanted a uh you just want coffee or a soft drink on a hot day you might just go in the kitchen and pour yourself a 387: glass of water Interviewer: yeah 387: a drink of water Interviewer: alright and if you drop the glass on a hard surface it's going to 387: break Interviewer: yeah you dropped it and it 387: broke Interviewer: every time you've done that it's 387: broken Interviewer: okay and if it's very hot you'd say that you might like to- a lot of water 387: drink a lot of water Interviewer: yesterday I 387: drank a lot of water Interviewer: okay I've- a lot 387: drunk a lot Interviewer: okay 387: or drank {X} I'd probably say drunk Interviewer: okay say if uh you're having some company over for a meal and they're all standing around a table and you don't want them to stand anymore you'd say well just go ahead and 387: go ahead and sit down Interviewer: so they went ahead and 387: sat down Interviewer: by the time you'd gotten back they had already 387: sat down Interviewer: okay say if somebody uh if you don't want for somebody to wait until something's passed to them at the table you'd say just go ahead and 387: help yourself Interviewer: so he went ahead and 387: helped himself Interviewer: they had already 387: helped themselves Interviewer: okay if you were at a a guest at somebody's house for a meal and they passed you something that you really didn't like what would you say if it came your way 387: I wouldn't care for that Interviewer: mm-hmm would you say anything different if you were just at home with your family and something was passed that you didn't like or would you say the same thing 387: probably wouldn't say anything there I don't think Interviewer: #1 just pass it on # 387: #2 yeah pass it on # I might say I don't like that Interviewer: uh-huh okay fine talking about food that's been uh heated and served a second time you'd say you're having 387: leftovers Interviewer: mm-hmm in other words the food has been 387: been warmed up Interviewer: mm-hmm right okay and you put food in your mouth and you begin to 387: chew Interviewer: alright now this is a dish that's uh kind of a soupy stuff it's just made with a cornmeal boiled in water and maybe a little salt added know of anything like that 387: no Interviewer: do you know the word mush 387: heard it but it doesn't Interviewer: mm-hmm doesn't ring a bell 387: never have had that Interviewer: right doesn't sound too appetizing 387: no {NW} Interviewer: what about uh a place that people have around the house you know that they cultivate for themselves uh 387: that's a garden Interviewer: yeah do you have one 387: no we've talked about it Interviewer: uh-huh 387: we had one when I was my daddy always had one Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: big garden Interviewer: mm-hmm what did your- what did your daddy grow in his garden 387: oh gosh we had everything had corn and corn and beans and peas and tomatoes and squash and cucumbers onions we had every- we had just about everything Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: plus he's always he'd always use a little portion of it to experiment with something like we'd grow strawberries every once in a while Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: or he'd- every once in a while he'd take a little part of a of the peas or the beans or the corn and plant wheat in there and uh he'd- he'd- he'd read a lot of uh the modern and the experimental farming methods and- Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: like the wheat was supposed to choke the weeds out while it- while it didn't take as much out of soil as the weeds things like that but we always had a big garden Interviewer: that's interesting you mentioned tomatoes around here you have the variety that's about that size 387: mm-hmm I always c- call those uh pear tomatoes- I mean uh uh gosh what was I gonna say some people call them Tommy toes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: but uh well I don't know I think maybe it is pear tomatoes it's just the- it's the small ones I know what you're talking about but I what do I hear people call them I'm not quite Interviewer: cherry tomatoes 387: cherry tomatoes yeah but not- but something else too I heard them called cherry tomatoes Interviewer: salad tomatoes 387: no oh {NW} I don't know {X} but I don't know- yeah they have them some Interviewer: you mentioned onions do you have a name for the type that has a long stalk to them you know you see them in salad bars and res- 387: I call those springlings Interviewer: springlings yeah okay what are- what are some of the different kinds of beans that you can grow around here 387: they have pole beans and- which would be uh the string beans Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: and uh butter beans and then of course around here they'd grow a lot of soybeans which you know we never get soybeans and eat them #1 but they just # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: have so many uses it's just about put the cotton people out of Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: everybody grows soybeans now Interviewer: mm-hmm I see if you had a- a basket full of string beans you'd say you have to do what to them 387: string them or break them Interviewer: mm-hmm would you ever use the word uh- well what if you had a lot of butter beans 387: shell them Interviewer: shell the butter beans okay what about some leafy vegetables that grow around here 387: uh I only- you talking about turnip greens and collards maybe Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: folks don't- every once in a while we'd grow cabbages and lettu- well every year we would a little bit but they never did very well the- the lettuce would never make a head it'd be just leaf uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: and the cabbages sometimes you have good ones that would- that would make a good firm head but- but more didn't than did I don't know what it was if I- everybody said that soil's not suited they said it takes a sandier soil but we always grew turnip greens Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah well do you have a vegetable around here I don't think you mentioned it uh it's green maybe about so long {X} some people boil it and it gets kind of slimy 387: asparagus hmm Interviewer: this is something a little different or if you didn't want to boil it uh you could chop it up and fry it begins with an O O-K R-A 387: oh okra Interviewer: yeah 387: oh yeah gosh y- I didn't I couldn't even picture what you were talking about Interviewer: {X} 387: oh yeah gosh yeah always had okra Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: but when we almost had it- well we had okra every day when I was coming up and uh and I hated to cut it because it {D:sting me} Interviewer: yeah right 387: but uh oh yeah and I love it fried not much on it boiled though Interviewer: yeah {X} 387: and sometimes you see people pickle it you ever had any pickled okra Interviewer: {X} 387: pickled it's pretty good you'd be surprised its pickled in uh well I #1 of course just vinegar but they # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: put other spices in like they pickle eggs and things and its pretty good Interviewer: {X} okay all these things that we've been talking about uh tomatoes and okra and squash they're all different kinds of 387: vegetables Interviewer: okay this is stuff that uh you might have heard people talking about making by the wash pot plural they'd uh leech off the husks of the corn and uh boil the stuff some people use {D:lye} 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # okay and here in the south uh a pretty common dish that you might have for breakfast instead of hash browns would be 387: uh Interviewer: it's white stuff ground- 387: oh grits yeah I don't like grits much that's why {X} Interviewer: okay and a common starchy food that uh oriental people eat a lot of would be 387: rice Interviewer: okay what about uh illegal alcohol made in stills what do people around here call that 387: moonshine or white whiskey Interviewer: mm-hmm you ever hear the word {D:shinning} used that way 387: Never have Interviewer: does that activity still go on in Talladega county 387: I bet there's not even a single still in the whole county now every once in a while they'll have somebody for transporting it but I doubt seriously if it was even made in the county Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: it's not very profitable anymore and it's- Interviewer: was it ever done around here 387: oh yeah sure was a lot Interviewer: okay alright this is a verb something that makes an impression on your nose you might say mm just- that 387: smell that Interviewer: okay and uh you mentioned this before uh syrup is there anything similar to syrup that you use that you have another word for 387: honey that's the only thing I can Interviewer: okay this- this is well you ever heard people use another word for what you consider to be syrup 387: mm no Interviewer: what about molasses 387: I always think of molasses as being something different but I I've never I don't even guess I remember eating any molasses I think of molasses looking more like oil #1 thick black # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # do you think of it having any difference in taste 387: {NW} I guess I do but I don't know what Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: I'm- I just never think about molasses- Interviewer: but you do distinguish between syrup and molasses 387: yeah I think of- Interviewer: would you say one is thicker than the other 387: I think molasses would be thicker than syrup Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright this adjective I'm after if I have on my belt that's made out of cow hide I might tell somebody well now this isn't imitation cow hide this is 387: leather Interviewer: okay 387: genuine leather Interviewer: mm-hmm alright what about uh- I know that- this is another adjective I'm looking for {X} in the days when sugar was sold right out of the barrel you know just scooped up instead of prepackaged like it is now how would people say that was that was sold it was sold how 387: sold loose or or by the pound Interviewer: mm-hmm another word that you might use there 387: bulk #1 might be # Interviewer: #2 yeah right # okay that's what I wanted alright this is uh a sweet spread that you might uh spread on hot buttered toast might be apple or blackberry 387: jelly Interviewer: okay and you have shakers on your table for 387: salt and pepper Interviewer: alright okay what would you say the uh opposite of rich is that would be 387: poor Interviewer: okay and a lot of fruit trees growing together that would be an 387: orchard Interviewer: alright talking about fruit uh the hard inside part of the cherry you would call that the what 387: pit Interviewer: what about of the peach 387: that'd be the seeds Interviewer: seeds alright you distinguish between peaches according to where they're the the flesh of the peach is very tight against the seed and you have to cut it out as opposed to one that uh you cut into it and the seed falls out easily 387: I think the one where the seed fell out easily would be a real ripe one Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: that'd be the Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: I think that's the only thing I can think of Interviewer: have you ever heard names like freestone or clear seed peach as opposed to cling peach or cling stone or crest peach 387: #1 well no # Interviewer: #2 {X} any of those # {X} not familiar with that 387: I think I think I've seen cling peach written on a maybe on a side of a can in the grocery store but I don't I did- if I heard those I would just assume they were different varieties Interviewer: yeah okay the the part of an apple that you don't eat you'd call that the 387: core Interviewer: alright and uh pieces of fruit like apples or peaches that have been cut up and set out to dry do you have a special name for that 387: just dried fruit Interviewer: {X} okay have you ever heard the word {D:snit} used that way 387: no I don't think I have Interviewer: alright what about different kinds of nuts that are grown around here 387: Pecans you talking about name some Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: pecans and hickory nuts and I guess these old black walnuts {X} I don't think {X} that's about all I can think of Interviewer: alright where I'm from the big crop {X} these nuts that grow in the ground Carter's famous for 387: oh peanut Interviewer: yeah 387: yeah I didn't even think about peanuts I was just thinking about a tree Interviewer: grow around here 387: yeah oh not too many here oh folks will have a few in a garden to eat but I don't know of anybody that grows them commercially Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: we always had a few in there we'd have to pull them up pull them off Interviewer: you know any other names for peanuts 387: goobers you hear folks call them goobers Interviewer: okay I think you mentioned walnut do you have a uh a name for the hard covering on a walnut that you crack to get to the nut 387: mm {D:we just call it husker} shell Interviewer: mm-hmm okay do when you think of walnuts do you think of after they fall out of the tree you think of them having a soft covering that stains your fingers when you pick them 387: yeah I- I- well yeah that- but I- in that big old cover that's what I I think of Interviewer: what would you call that as opposed to the hard covering 387: mm {X} heard of any Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah I would call the- the soft part the hull and the hard part the shell I was just wondering if you distinguished between the two 387: probably not I think I just think of the whole covering as being shell Interviewer: okay fine uh this is another kind of nut probably doesn't grow around here but there's a a candy bar called a something joy 387: almond joy Interviewer: yeah okay now a citrus fruit that grows in Florida and in California those would be 387: oranges Interviewer: alright this phrase if you have a bowl of oranges uh in the morning but as the day goes by everybody comes through the room and grabs an orange you'd say at the end of the day the oranges are 387: gone Interviewer: okay this is another vegetable that you didn't mention a minute ago it's a little round red uh colored vegetable hard and it's hot and peppery taste 387: hot pepper Interviewer: this is a little different uh people talk about making hot horse 387: ra- oh radishes Interviewer: yeah 387: yeah we always had radishes Interviewer: mm-hmm you like those 387: yeah I like pretty much cut up in salad Interviewer: yeah 387: where I mentioned- I forgot beets too we always grew beets yeah we always had radishes Interviewer: okay and uh this is something uh that you might have with steak instead of rice you might have a baked 387: potato Interviewer: yeah different type- types of potatoes around here 387: Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes we always grew those I don't know why- how I forgot those Interviewer: do people around here have another name for sweet potatoes 387: people call them yams Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: when they- when they cook them they're candied yams but uh- Interviewer: sure 387: I always think yams as being the biggest of them Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: of of the sweet potatoes Interviewer: mm-hmm so its size would be a 387: I- I think so Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright this word say if uh you left an apple out in the hot sun it's going to dry up and do what 387: shrivel Interviewer: alright okay we were talking about uh you mentioned well {X} ask you if you wanted me to go to the store and get some lettuce you'd say go get me a couple 387: heads Interviewer: alright now is that word head used any other way as far as you know besides talking about so many heads of lettuce or cabbage 387: I- I'm not sure I understand Interviewer: okay let's say would- would it be uh acceptable to you if a man said he has uh five or six head of children 387: #1 no that wouldn't {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: no I think you- when you said talking about head of cattle Interviewer: head of cattle yeah alright well talking about somebody who has a good many children say seven boys and seven girls say oh so and so sure have a whole #1 {X} # 387: #2 houseful # Interviewer: alright what about the word tassel there you ever hear that 387: yeah mm-hmm that's- that's fairly common Interviewer: so and so has a 387: tassel Interviewer: tassel of children okay alright talking about corn the outside covering of an ear of corn you call that the 387: shuck Interviewer: alright what about the part that grows right out of the top of the stalk 387: that's the tassel Interviewer: okay when there's this stringy stuff that you brush off the ears 387: silk Interviewer: okay do you have a name for corn that's tender enough to eat right off the cob 387: uh you mean after it's cooked, huh? Interviewer: #1 yeah # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I guess you could call it this before it's cooked 387: a uh a roasting ear Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm {X} right # 387: #2 {X} # oh I mean I- I was getting I thought you meant eat it raw #1 I've never heard of that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: yeah that'd be a roasting ears Interviewer: ears okay fine but see I don't think I asked you this but this is a great big orange thing that you make jack-o'-lantern out of 387: that's pumpkin Interviewer: okay 387: {X} grew up here {X} they never did very well #1 {X} watermelons but we never had much luck with watermelon # Interviewer: #2 {X} # do people around here have names for different types of watermelon 387: they hardly ever except red {D: maiden} and yellow {D: maiden} watermelons but they Interviewer: nothing like rattlesnake or 387: #1 mm no # Interviewer: #2 stone mountain {X} # 387: they might have diff- they might grow different varieties but I never hear them Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 387: #2 referred to them as anything other than red or yellow maiden # Interviewer: okay what about some other types of melons besides watermelons that grow around here 387: that's the only thing that I know of {NS} {NS} Interviewer: talking about melons 387: the only melons that I know about are cantaloupes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: they- they- a lot of folks grow cantaloupes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: {D:but they're all} I think they might- the only other kind of melons I ever see are in the grocery store and I never know what the heck- mushmelons or what but I've never heard of anybody growing anything around here but watermelons and cantaloupes Interviewer: and did you say mushmelons just then 387: I've heard of them yeah but I don't even know what a mushmelon is Interviewer: you don't know if it's different from cantaloupe 387: #1 oh yeah it's different from a cantaloupe # Interviewer: #2 hmm yeah # 387: it's a small- sort of a small watermelon I think Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright these are things that usually pop up in your yard after it rains they have a slender stalk and 387: #1 mushrooms # Interviewer: #2 kind of # yeah any other word for that you think 387: toadstools Interviewer: now is there a difference or is that just a synonym for them 387: I think they're sy- I think it's synonyms I don't know of any difference in a mushroom and a toadstool Interviewer: okay alright this expression if a man has a very sore throat he might say well I'd like to eat that piece of steak but I just can't 387: can't swallow it Interviewer: mm-hmm alright different things that people smoke they might smoke either 387: cigarettes #1 cigars # Interviewer: #2 {X} # mm-hmm okay what about if somebody offers to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I just don't want to be 387: be a bother to you Interviewer: okay any other word that- 387: burden maybe Interviewer: what about obligated or beholden 387: never beholden but I don't wanna {X} hardly ever obligated somebody might say I don't wanna be in debt to you Interviewer: in debt to you {NS} say if you're talking about if a farmers looking at his corn and he's uh uh shocked by the fact that it's not bigger than it is he might say well thats funny at this time of year it- be taller 387: should be Interviewer: mm-hmm would you ever use the word ought there at this time of year 387: it ought to be bigger sometimes yeah Interviewer: okay okay what about this situation if a mother's talking about a child who's been misbehaving or not doing what she told him to do she might say well now you're not doing what you 387: ought to have been doing or what you ought to have been Interviewer: yeah what about the negative of that using ought like for example a person might say talking about a boy who got a whooping you might say well I'll bet he did something he 387: ought not to have Interviewer: mm-hmm okay and if you're refusing to do something {X} Interviewer: {NS} Alright, let's see. I asked you this yesterday, but I just wanted to make sure I got it on tape since it ran out last time. Say if uh, some- If you were refusing to do something in a strong way, you might say uh. Well, I don't care how many times you ask me to do that I just, Do, it. 387: Won't do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about this expression. If somebody's asking you advice {NS} or your help uh, might you say something like uh. Well, I might could do that for you. #1 Does that sound acceptable to you? # 387: #2 Mm-hmm. Oh yeah. # mm-hmm true enough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You might say... 387: Might could help you. Interviewer: Might could help you, okay. Alright, change the subject now, talk about uh wild animals. What about a bird around here that uh can see in the dark and makes a hooting noise. 387: That's an owl. Interviewer: Do you know names for different kinds? 387: Uh, hoot owl and screech owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh that's about all I know of. Interviewer: Alright, fair enough. What about the type of bird that drills holes in trees? 387: Woodpeckers. Interviewer: Yeah. Ever heard people turned that around? 387: Pecker-wood? Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Yeah, colored folks mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh Hardly every any white folks unless they were just guess they were kidding or. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 or imitating # 387: #2 been read- # or been reading a Mark Twain book or #1 something. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah. # Have you ever heard a person called a pecker-wood? 387: Mm, no I don't think I've heard a person. Interviewer: Like one person call another person an old pecker wood or something like that. 387: Mm, no I don't believe so. Now they They're always talking about peckerwood sawmills, if that's a Interviewer: What's that? 387: It's a it's a small sawmill out in the out in the country close to where they're cutting things usually a one or two man operation. It's just a small portable sawmill. There used to be a lot of them in there, there are not too many now. I think it's because it's, I think it's a bunch of hard work in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But it's a, it's sort of a portable sawmill that you'll have one or two people making a living out of it. It's not, not on a big scale but that's peckerwood sawmills. Interviewer: I see. Okay. And this animal that's black and has a white stripe down its back. It smells pretty bad. {C: loud beep over top of speech} 387: Oh I suppose that. {NS} Excuse me {D: Yeah?} Yeah, they'll drive you crazy. They'll {NS} Interviewer: Are most divorces messy or? 387: No, most of them, they fight over who's gonna pay for it, that's what they {NW} Most of them ain't got a whole lot to fight over. Well when they got kids they fight #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 387: But they u- we u- we get most of them settled eh. Interviewer: Hmm. 387: Folks go a long way towards settling, you know, before they come in. Interviewer: Okay, you're telling me about polecats, you have a name for them? 387: Oh, skunks, yeah. A lot of folks call them polecats round here. Interviewer: What about uh animals that are bad about breaking in hen roosts and killing chickens? Do you have one general word that would cover animals like that? #1 {X} # 387: #2 Mmm, I might # say a varmint. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, what would # 387: #2 Mm might would # Interviewer: that include? What type of animal? 387: One that breaking in hen houses would be possums and uh, I think, I think skunks do, polecats, but I'm not sure about that, but possums are bad about it. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: And minks are If they're in you know, if there are any. I don't know if there are many around here now. {NS} Excuse me. {NS} {D: Hello?} {NS} Is it, is it running? Interviewer: Yeah. 387: I'm trying think of something else that. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: {X} Ah. {NS} Weasels I think, break in there too. I think that includes weasels. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: And uh. Interviewer: Could you consider a fox a varmint? 387: {NS} Yeah, yeah, I think so. Excuse me. {NS} Hello? Interviewer: {NS} Hey 387: {NS} Yeah, foxes, I hadn't thought I hadn't even thought about foxes. Ah I tell you that's about all you I believe you ever hear of catching chickens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. What about different types of squirrels you got around here? 387: Only types I know of You got regular gray squirrels and fox squirrels or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: They're the they're the big red ones. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. The fox squirrels are? # 387: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Okay. Do you have a little animal around here that looks a little bit like a squirrel but it's smaller and doesn't have a big, bushy tail and it stays on the ground most of the time. 387: Probably chipmunk. #1 Is that what you're referring to? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah # 387: Chipmunks #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You see those around here? # 387: Oh yeah bunch of them. Interviewer: Alright you care about anything like fishing? 387: Oh yeah. I like to go fishing. Interviewer: What kinds of fish, uh, freshwater fish do you catch around here? 387: Bream and bass and catfish {D: about let's see} Crawfish, I catch crawfish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Mm. That's pretty much the Interviewer: Mm 387: range I think. Interviewer: Ever hear people around here use the word bluegill? 387: Yeah, that's that's synonymous with bream. I think really I think really bream is sort of a uh the the catch-all term It's a, it's a It's a panfish and bream include both the bluegill and then there's another one they call uh they call shellcrackers. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 387: #2 It's # It, they're, they're larger and behind the bluegill there's a little yellow Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: or orange thing there And sometime I think in the magazines they talk of those being Red Ear Sunfish #1 but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 387: But they're, around here they call them shellcrackers and they're a little bit bigger than uh Interviewer: Uh huh 387: than uh regular uh bluegills and they but they call all that bream. #1 {D: and so} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What about different types of seafood that you can get around here? 387: Oh you can get anything in the grocery store, just shrimp and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Uh and all sorts of fish which Flounder, mackerel Interviewer: What about those things that you eat on half-shells? 387: Oysters? Interviewer: Yes okay. 387: Oh yeah. I love those. {NW} Interviewer: {D: What are the} You like them fried or raw? 387: I like them raw. You like them? Interviewer: Yeah I've eaten them both ways, I guess I prefer fried but they're okay. 387: I'm I'm crazy about catfish. #1 Oh do you like any of it? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah # Yeah I like catfish too, they Mess up your tackle box. 387: Yeah Interviewer: You have to get down and shove a pair of pliers halfway down their throat. 387: You have to be careful they can get you. Interviewer: Yeah I know. 387: But you know these folks around here they they they Some people, a lot of people fish for them commercially with trotlines and baskets And you won't believe how quick they can clean them I mean you just, I mean it's, it's just like an assembly line, oh they can clean one in They can clean one, easy in a minute, so it's, you know, so it's. Interviewer: Gotta be specialized kind of a like it look like pliers you know, you just grab those 387: Yeah they're pinchers and they pull them {X} They might have one fellow that's, that's uh you know splitting them open and one that's skinning them and up, but Aw man, they can Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: #1 They can go on # Interviewer: #2 Assembly line. # 387: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Okay What about these animals that make a croaking noise inside or around water around ponds? 387: That's frogs. Interviewer: Yeah different kinds around here? 387: Only kind I know of is bullfrogs and then they have toads which uh uh they tell me aren't really frogs You find them everywhere, but Interviewer: Mm 387: they're not so much around water I don't think you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm always find them in your yard you can walk out at night and You ever seen little old {D: tail} that don't get much bigger than this? 387: When it's grown? Interviewer: Yeah A lot of people say they come out after a big rain Some people actually say that 387: They fall? Interviewer: Yeah 387: No I've heard that but I never have seen any of those. I've heard, I've even heard folks say little fish fell outta the sky #1 but # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: little minnows but #1 I # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: I never have seen that. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: But folks, some folks swear that they've seen them I've Interviewer: Mm 387: talked to people that did but I never much believed them. Interviewer: What do they call them? Is it spring frogs or tree frogs or rain frogs? 387: I've heard them called spring frogs but I don't, like I say I Uh You know. I always doubt it if there were any. Interviewer: Okay What about uh, if you were going fishing around here what would would you dig up for the bait? 387: Worms. Interviewer: Any special names for ones that you use? 387: Uh They'd just be earthworms here. Some people call them nightcrawlers Interviewer: yeah 387: because they find them at night without having to dig #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm # Okay And this is now has a hard shell and he can pull his head and legs out if he wants to. 387: Oh, a turtle. Interviewer: Yeah, what about different kinds of those? 387: Most around here The ones in the water would of course I guess they're turtles and the ones on the land are u- are you know, are usually terrapins. I don't really know the difference in them but there a lot of snapping turtles around here that are have a big, old long neck and a long tail and they oh they grow to be big usually {NS} Interviewer: Uh we were talking about turtles You ever heard of a big dry land turtle around here that would burrow in the ground? 387: Mm, no I never have well Interviewer: You ever heard one called a gopher or a cooter in this part of 387: heard of cooters but I never knew exactly which ones were cooters mm Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: {NW} I never have heard of one called a gopher I don't believe. Interviewer: Okay What about this little animal looks kinda like a lobster has little claws and you find it in freshwater streams. 387: Oh yeah. {NS} Excuse me. Okay. {X} That's a crawfish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Going to ask you about quite a few insects uh These insects, you know you see at night They just fly around lights Go round and round. Do you know the names of those? 387: Just light bugs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever heard of candle flies? 387: {NW} Yeah I've heard that. I never knew exactly which ones were candle flies and which ones But I've heard candle fly. Interviewer: Alright What about this insect that gets bad about getting in your clothes and eating holes in them? 387: That's moths. Interviewer: Okay, and just one would be a 387: Moth. Interviewer: Okay, and these are insects that fly around at night and blink on and off? 387: That's lightning bugs. Interviewer: Okay What about one that's uh oh, it's a long thin-bodied insect and it has transparent wings. Usually, you see them around lakes, they alight on your fishing pole and 387: That's dragonflies. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other words you use around here for them? 387: Mm None that I can recall. Interviewer: Okay, what about snake doctor? Mosquito hawk? #1 {X} # 387: #2 I've heard of snake # doctor Interviewer: Have you? 387: Mm-hmm sure have. But I had forgotten about that, that's when I was a kid. Interviewer: Okay. 387: But I've heard of m- of snake #1 doctor. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # alright. What about insects around here that sting you? 387: Wasp. Bees but they're not as bad as wasps. Interviewer: You have ones that builds gray big old paper net that's got a really vicious sting? 387: Yeah those are hornets. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But I don't I don't think I'd know a hornet if I saw one but I've seen the nests. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: several times. I've s- you know or Interviewer: I don't think I've actually seen the insect either, I don't think I have 387: {NS} I don't know that I'd recognize one #1 but you know. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Right Do you have a stinging insect around here that builds its nest in the ground and it'll swarm on you? 387: That's yellow #1 jackets. # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 387: I s- I think they're sort of a form of wasp but they're Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: they're pretty vicious #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Right okay. # And these insects are real common these days just nuisance you know 387: Mosquitoes Interviewer: Yeah all over the place. What about an insect that builds its nest up looks like mud You know, on the side of your house. 387: That's dirt daubers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. As far as you know, do they sting? 387: As far as I know, they don't. Interviewer: Right. And these little insects are bad about burrowing up under your skin. Making your skin itch. You get them if you walk barefoot. 387: Oh, that's red #1 bugs. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # right. Have you heard any other names for them? 387: Heard them called chiggers. Interviewer: Alrighty. What about different types of snakes you find around here? 387: Oh gosh there are a million kinds of snakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: The poisonous ones would include rattlesnakes and there are several different varieties of those and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh copperheads and water moccasins and uh coral snakes I don't know if they ever if there are ever any around here. I've heard people claim there were but I doubt it that there were really were coral snakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think there's several that look like them. Interviewer: Pretty deadly aren't they? 387: They say that they are, they're pretty poisonous. They're I I don't as opposed to being deadly. They have a hard time biting you. I think they actually have to chew on you. #1 I don't think they have any fangs. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: Yeah, and it's I I've never I've never heard anybody I much believed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: #1 Seen one around here. # Interviewer: #2 Yup # I've just heard that they attack the nervous system. 387: I think there's some ki- I think the poison's different from other poisons. I'm not really sure about it but that's Yeah, they're pretty uh, they're pretty bad news. Interviewer: Yeah, okay What about an insect that you'd see hopping around your front yard some are black some are green. 387: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Yeah. We were talking about woodpecker peckerwood. Have you ever heard of that kind of 387: Hoppergrass? Interviewer: Yeah 387: Yeah {X} black folks. Interviewer: Mm 387: that's you don't hear many white people call them that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, right. I asked you about what you would use for bait when you fish and you said worms. Any type of little fish that you might use? 387: Minnows yeah yeah Interviewer: All right. All right. Just for pronunciation. The part of the tree that grows underground You'd call that 387: Roots. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard of people talking about home remedies uh that they might use they might make out of roots or herbs or stuff like that. 387: Yeah a little bit. Not uh I don't really know any specifically I don't think but uh yeah I've heard people. Interviewer: You've ever heard of mullein tea or uh stuff like that? #1 Sassafras tea? # 387: #2 Heard of sassafras # tea. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: I've had some of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was it given for? Any idea? 387: Oh, it was just a beverage. #1 Nothing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 Not a not a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: remedy that I remember for anything. I remember my grandmother made sassafras #1 tea but I don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: remember making it to cure any #1 thing. I think just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 387: to drink it. #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: pretty good it's Interviewer: Okay What about the type of uh What are some of the trees that grow around here? 387: Oh goodness Oak trees and pine trees, of course. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Hickory trees. Uh aw just all sorts of trees. Course we got little tree dogwoods and that kind of thing. There are elm trees and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: uh sweetgum trees and Course I mentioned hickory trees. {NW} Oh let's see there. Interviewer: You have this tree, it's the state tree of Mississippi It's got those broad green, shiny leaves and 387: Magnolia? Interviewer: Yeah 387: Oh yeah, got a magnolia tree in my yard. Interviewer: Okay. What about one that's just real messy tree? It's got scaly bark and these little brown knots and balls on it, it sheds all over the place. 387: I've yeah I don't know what kind those are though. They're they're around here though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay, this is just a pronunciation. It begins with an S, S-Y-C- 387: Sycamore? Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Yeah, they have sycamore trees. They're not I don't think there's as many as there used to be. But yeah, oh yeah, they got sycamore trees. Interviewer: All right. And the type of trees that uh Washington was supposed to cut down. #1 {X} # 387: #2 Cherry tree. # Interviewer: Yeah, all right. You ever heard of any kind of bush around here with red berries that people might call either a sumac or shoe-make? 387: Yeah, I've heard of sumacs, but I, I don't know exactly which I think I might could recognize it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Some of them they claim are poison and others Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: {D: Unless they are} #1 and I'm not really # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: I'm not really sure about that. Interviewer: Okay. What about the stuff that uh you know, if you get into it, it'll make your skin break out and itch? 387: {NS} Excuse me. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-kay, I was asking about the stuff you get in to make your skin 387: Oh yeah Poison oak or poison ivy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, are those two different? 387: Yeah, I think they are. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But I don't know the difference in them. I I never have caught that in my life. Interviewer: Really? 387: I guess I'm immune to it, but I got a twin sister that I don't think she's bad as she used to be, but aw man when we were kids, she'd have to go to the doctor it'd be so bad. Just. #1 Walk by they say # Interviewer: #2 Break out just look at it, yeah. # 387: You hear all these tales about folks that that are so susceptible to it, that they can walk by it and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And I've heard of tales where folks were cleaning off land and burning it that people breathe the smoke and caught it in their lungs and Had a terrible time. I don't know if that's so #1 or not I never have # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: seen anybody. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: #1 But I've heard # Interviewer: #2 It'd be interesting. # 387: But I think there is a difference But I don't know how, I don't know how to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. 387: But it irritates your skin. Interviewer: Yeah, right. Same with me. Okay, what about different types of berries around here? 387: Mm got blackberries and or strawberries. I don't know that strawberries grow wild, blackberries grow wild and they're they uh some people around here grow blueberries they they cultivate them but then I don't know anybody that's ever had much luck with them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 387: And they grow, let's see, huckleberries grow wild. I don't know if any that I I think some folks call huckleberries different things #1 but I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I don't know what. Ah, lemme think. Trying think of other berries but I don't know. Interviewer: #1 What about raspberries? # 387: #2 {NW} # I never have heard of any raspberries growing #1 around here. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Alrighty. Uh, have you ever heard of any flowering shrub called either laurel or rhododendron? 387: I've heard of it but I don't know. You know. I always think of that as being more in the mountains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But I it I don't e- I've heard of it but I don't even know if it grows around here or not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Tell me which, which of those terms have you heard? 387: Laurel, mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. All right, I'm gonna ask you 387: I've heard of them both, but I didn't realize they were the same thing. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, I'm going to ask you a few things of the family. Say uh, a married woman if she doesn't wanna make up her mind by herself She'd say well, I'd have to ask 387: My husband. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a married man that he didn't want to make up his mind. He'd say I'm going to have to ask 387: #1 My wife. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Any other ways of saying husband or wife joking or uh 387: Around here? Of course some are joking but a lot of folks refer to their spouse as their old lady or their old man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And occasionally, my better half, but #1 you # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: that'd be mostly older #1 folks I think. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 387: The the old lady and the old man's quite common, it's... Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh Interviewer: Okay. 387: You hear that everyday. Interviewer: Right. What about a woman whose husband 387: Oh y- I might a- Usually, it's not my old lady it's the old lady. Interviewer: Either way, yeah. 387: But uh, but women, I think always talk about my old man. They don't say the old man. But the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: but men seem to say the old lady. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Whatever that's worth. {NW} Interviewer: Sure, okay. What about a woman whose husband has died, you'd say she's a 387: Widow. Interviewer: Yeah. Now have you ever heard the woman called anything if her husband hasn't died, he's just left her? 387: Grass widow. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But I always think of a grass widow as being a divorcee. Uh rather, you know, as opposed to being just le- just #1 separated. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # I see, okay. All right, the man who raised you, that's your 387: Father. Interviewer: And the woman who raised you is your 387: Mother. Interviewer: What did you call your parents when you were growing up? 387: Daddy and Momma Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And your mother and your father together, they're your 387: Parents. Interviewer: All right, and your father's father is your 387: Grandfather. Interviewer: And his wife would be your 387: Grandmother. Interviewer: What did you call them? 387: Called them Granny and Papaw. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. On both sides? 387: Mm-hmm. Both sides, that's right. Interviewer: And a man's sons and his daughters are his. 387: Children. Interviewer: Okay, other words for them? 387: Kids. Young ones is pretty common around here. Interviewer: Okay What about uh say a child's given a name that he's known by Mostly within his family though it's not his real name, you'd say he has a 387: Nickname. Interviewer: Yeah. You have a nickname? 387: Yeah, they call me Bubba. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh, okay. What about uh A vehicle with wheels you know, that you can put a baby in and move them around. Maybe take him outside? 387: Oh baby buggy? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you say you're gonna do, uh like I think I'm gonna put the {NS} 387: Excuse me {NS} Talk for an hour. Interviewer: It's a busy morning. 387: Yeah, doesn't want anything. Interviewer: {NW} Okay, Uh, yeah, I was asking you You might say I'm gonna put the #1 baby in the # 387: #2 oh # Interviewer: carriage and go out #1 and do # 387: #2 Yeah, I think # I think uh stroll the baby or walk the baby. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-kay. And a man might have a, a man's children might be his sons and his 387: Daughters. Interviewer: Yeah or his boys and his 387: #1 Girls. # Interviewer: #2 All right. # What about a woman who's expecting a child, you say she's what? 387: Pregnant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other way of saying that? 387: Expecting. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 okay # Did anybody ever tell you that pregnant was not a polite word to use? 387: No. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that, maybe years ago, people would avoid saying the word? 387: Mm. No, I don't think so. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You ever heard the expression "She's in the family way"? 387: Yeah, mm-hmm. Interviewer: It would- 387: In I in a family way, I don't know if that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would older people or you think 387: I think older folks would would do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you still feel like you'd hear that you think? Occasionally? 387: You would on older folks I think #1 maybe # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: occasionally. But not not very often, but occasionally you would I think. Interviewer: All right. And if a doctor's not available, the woman that you would send for to help with the delivery. 387: A midwife. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other names for her you heard? 387: Mm No #1 I don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 It's not your granny # or granny woman? 387: I think I have heard granny woman. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: They don't, I don't even know if there are any midwives around here. I think there might be one #1 or something # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: but they're Interviewer: Do those people have to be licensed #1 and everything? # 387: #2 Yeah I think # the health department licenses them, you know, licenses them. I think it's sort of a dying art, I think #1 the ones that # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: do it die out and nobody else knows how to Interviewer: All right, this expression, say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father, you'd say that the boy. 387: Looks like his father or takes after his father. Interviewer: Right. What would you say if the boy has inherited his father's bad habits? You'd say he 387: Got them honest probably. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Could you use that expression "takes after" to mean that, that he got his father's bad habits? 387: I think you would I think I think I thought I think uh takes after would would be more referring to habits than it would looking like #1 somebody. # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: I think that would be the Interviewer: But you could still possible use it to {NS} Indicate that they're, they look 387: #1 Yeah I think so # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: I think so. Interviewer: All right. All right, say a, talk about a child who's been misbehaving, mother might tell him, well you do that one more time, I'm gonna give you a good 387: Whipping. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 Switching. # Or whoopings. #1 Common round here. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # {NS} All right, the verb grow, you might say of a boy who's grown about an inch in a year, you could almost see him 387: Growing Interviewer: Mm-hmm, or he, what? An inch in a year? 387: Grew. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, he certainly has 387: Grown. Interviewer: Okay. What about a child who's born to an unmarried woman, what would people around here refer to him as? 387: Probably a bastard. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 {X} # I think they'd, you know They'd never call him that I don't #1 think. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What what do you think about that word? Is it a word that people throw about loosely or is it considered something a strong thing to say? 387: That's a pretty strong thing to say, I mean I think that's a, that's what folks would be when they were cussing #1 you know it's a # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # {X} Although they might use bastard as just as a curse word. 387: Oh yeah #1 quite a bit I think # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: #1 and uh. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Yeah, I think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about uh a milder way of putting it if you were Didn't want to, offend anybody by using a word 387: Then they'd say hadn't got a daddy or something like #1 that I think. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Would they ever say he's illegitimate? 387: Not very often, I don't think. That's sort of reserved for lawyers and st- that's what #1 lawyers would say. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: {NW} Interviewer: Alrighty, say if I have a brother, and he has a son, that son would be my. 387: Brother. Now w- you said #1 I'm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # My brother has a son. So his son would be what? 387: Oh he'd be your nephew. Interviewer: Okay. 387: I'm sorry I Interviewer: And a child who's lost both of his parents would be an. 387: Orphan. Interviewer: Okay, the adult who's appointed to look after him would be his. 387: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay. And oh, say the house were full of people like your cousins and your uncles and your aunts, you'd say the house full of your 387: Relatives Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: kin folks. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear the word people used that way? The house is, now all that people are coming to see me? 387: Yeah, but I think of people, and I think people are used more As a, as uh The immediate family. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But yeah, that's quite common. I think of who are his people his meaning who are his mom and #1 daddy and # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: #1 brother and sister more. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Okay 387: It's a But yeah, that's #1 quite common # Interviewer: #2 Mm # okay 387: around here. Interviewer: Alright, this expression, if somebody is telling you about somebody who looks like you, you might say well that may, that may be true but actually I'm no 387: Kin to her Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And somebody who comes to town, nobody's ever seen him before, you call him 387: Stranger. Interviewer: Right, and if he's from another country, you'd call him a 387: Foreigner. Interviewer: People round here ever use the word foreigner even though the person's not from another country? 387: Uh. If they did, it'd be in a joking #1 sort of way. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Yeah, they'd probably call northerners foreigners #1 just teasing them. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Okay. Alright, I'm gonna ask you some proper names just for pronunciation. A girl, first name, begins with the letter M uh, the mother of Jesus was. 387: Mary. Interviewer: Okay. And George Washington's wife was. 387: Mary. Oh, Martha. Interviewer: Okay. #1 And what about # 387: #2 Wrong history # Interviewer: {NS} What about uh a woman's name that begins with an N first name. 387: Nancy. Interviewer: Close uh, I think this is, I always tell people this is short for Helen but that's not very productive. Uh, there's a song that goes wait till the sun shines. 387: Nelly. Interviewer: Oh you know that. 387: Oh yeah. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Terrific # Alright. What about a boy's name that begins with a B? Uh, short for William. 387: Bill. Interviewer: And the diminutive of that would be, just tack on a Y and that would be. 387: Billy. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. A man's name begins with an M, Matt would be short for. 387: Matthew. Interviewer: Okay and in the Bible, Abraham's wife was Begins with an S. 387: I don't know Interviewer: Okay, let's see. There are these frozen cakes that you get. They're blank Lee cakes. 387: Sara. Interviewer: Yeah, there you go. What would you call a woman who teaches school, she would just be a 387: School teacher. Interviewer: Alright. Have you ever knew, ever heard the old fashioned names for woman school teachers? 387: Schoolmarm. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, you ever hear that? # 387: #2 But I've never heard anybody use that. # Interviewer: #1 Maybe it's something {X} # 387: #2 Except on television. Yeah, on television. # Interviewer: {NW} 387: I've never heard anybody Interviewer: Ah. How would you say the proper name, the last name C-O-O-P-E-R? 387: Cooper. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Or Cooper. Interviewer: Alright. Should I talk about. 387: Cooper, I think mostly what I'd say. Interviewer: Alright. A married woman who has that last name, you'd say there goes 387: Miss Cooper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. This situation, this person, so talking about a preacher who's really not trained to be a preacher. Does something else for a living, most importantly, he's really not very good at preaching. have you ever heard him called a 387: Jackleg. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 387: Yeah, jackleg preacher. Interviewer: Can you have a jackleg anything else? 387: Yeah. I think jackleg got a lot of jackleg carpenters #1 around and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: brick layers and I think, oh yeah, I don't think it just refers to preachers. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But I think you hear it more talking about jackleg preachers than you do Anything else. Interviewer: Would it be possible to have a jackleg while you're a doctor? 387: Yeah, I think it would be. You don't hear it as much cause you know folks you know. {NW} #1 The the reason you. # Interviewer: #2 Guess most lawyers are formally trained to be lawyers. # 387: Yeah, oh they are but the reason is because that's something that you have to have a license #1 to do. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah. 387: If it wasn't for that, there'd be plenty of Interviewer: Mm 387: They'd uh And and you know, a lot of times now you just hear it by itself. He's a jackleg. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Course I think when they somebody says that they're, you know, they've gotten {D: mine maybe} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a mechanic who uh kind of does it on the side? 387: Mm he'd be a shade tree #1 mechanic. # Interviewer: #2 Shade tree mechanic okay. # What relation would my mother's sister be to me? She would be 387: Your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. And this is just for pronunciation, if I had to, if my brother, if my father. Had a brother named William, I'd call him my 387: Uncle. Interviewer: Whole name would be. 387: Uncle Bill or Uncle William. Interviewer: Okay, if I had one named John, he'd be 387: Uncle John. Interviewer: Okay. 387: Mostly I, I never referred to my uncles as uncle, I just #1 called them by their # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: first name. Interviewer: Is that right? 387: But a lot of folks do, I don't, probably half and #1 half I guess # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: I don't think people do that as much as maybe as they used to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Around here, how do people refer to the, the war between the northern and the southern states? 387: The Civil War. Interviewer: Okay. And in the Civil War, Robert E. Lee, do you remember what his rank was? 387: He was general. Interviewer: Okay. And his fellow who uh, started Kentucky Fried Chicken, he's the 387: Colonel. Interviewer: Okay. 387: {NW} Interviewer: What about a man who was in charge of the ship, he would be the 387: Captain. Interviewer: Alright and the man who presides over the county court would be a 387: Judge. Interviewer: Okay. And someone in school is a #1 {X} # 387: #2 Stu- # Student. Interviewer: Yeah, that's what I was trying And the woman out front who types and files for you is a 387: Secretary. Interviewer: Alright, what about a woman who appears on stage or in a movie, she would be 387: Actress. Interviewer: Alright. And our nationality, we're not Germans, but we're 387: Americans. Interviewer: Alright. Around here, well let me put it this way uh Not too long ago, there were separate facilities in the South bathroom, restaurant, all that. One for the, and one for the 387: Blacks and one for the whites. Interviewer: Right. Now as far as you know, is that the term that blacks prefer nowadays around here? Black? 387: I think well that would be probably the one they'd prefer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What other terms have you heard used? 387: Colored. 'Course around here, folks refer to them as niggers #1 I mean it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: #1 real common it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 387: I think that's gotten to be more of a derogatory term. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But uh Lot of them resent it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think. But uh But I think they'd prefer black. Interviewer: Yeah. Around here nowadays when, when somebody says Nigger Is it necessarily insulting or is that just a They're using it neutrally? 387: No, they're just using it. They're n- I don't think they mean it to insult. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 It's just what # they've heard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But I think the black folks you know. It ins- it in- you know. It's an insult to them but I don't No, I don't think folks mean to insult them at all. Interviewer: What about negro? 387: Just never really hear that. Unless you're unless you're uh You know. Talking to some of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And they- Interviewer: What- what about the pronunciation Negro? 387: Negro's what folks would say here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah, okay. maybe uh joking or uh insulting uh. Ways of referring to white people, you've heard? 387: {NW} Yeah, when I was a kid, we'd go to show they'd {D: hump throw us off the balcony} #1 balcony and call us snowballs. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Snowballs? 387: And I think, I think now I think that's what a honky is, but I'm not sure about that, that's Interviewer: It's a, it's an insulting? 387: I think it's an insulting term for white people Or or white trash is it. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But, but white folks use that as much as anybody. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-kay. What did, did you ever hear the term redneck? 387: Yeah uh. I don't think that, I think that's something that that white people use more than anybody else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And it's uh, you know talking about I think it sort of refers to folks being country Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: That sort of thing Interviewer: They would be called 387: Rednecks. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. What about a child who's born to racially mixed parents? That's uh, one, yeah, one black, one white parent, what would you call that? 387: Mm. I can't think of anything. Interviewer: If you had to refer to him in conversation, what would you say? Or would you just describe the situation? 387: I think I'd describe it. I can't think of any term that would describe it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you have a word mulatto? 387: Yeah, but you'd never hear that. #1 Mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 Don't hear that around here. Okay. # Have you ever head any ways of uh describing blacks with especially light colored skin? 387: Yeah, high yellow. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Mm-hmm, that's that would refer to them. Interviewer: Right. You ever head the word bright used that way? 387: Mm no, I don't think I have. Interviewer: Okay. What about a working class white man talking about the man he works for, He's say, that's my 387: Boss, or boss man. {C: static crackling} Interviewer: Would a black man be likely to say the same thing? Talking about the man he works for? 387: He, yeah. Or the he might just call him the man. Interviewer: The man? 387: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What about, uh. People from the country you know, sometimes when they come to town uh, Where I'm from, a lot of 'em come to town on Saturday mornings to do their business or whatever and a lot of times the city folks would kinda poke fun at 'em. And might, behind their backs say, look at him, he's just an old 387: You talking about a-a nigger? {X} #1 You talking about a # Interviewer: #2 Not necessarily a black # Just, it might be a white person from the country. You know, just from way out. 387: Hayseed, maybe Interviewer: Okay. 387: What they might call him hayseed. Interviewer: Yeah. I'm talking about, you know, somebody who kind of stands out. You can uh, tell by looking at him that he's from the country. 387: I might just say he's country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: Hick? He's a, 387: Oh yeah. Yeah, they'd call him a hick. Yeah, I didn't think about that. Yeah, that's quite common. Interviewer: Ever heard of the word Hoosier used that way around here? 387: #1 Never do hear that here. # Interviewer: #2 Never hear hoosier? # 387: Never do hear that here. Well I never. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alrighty. Uh, I'm gonna ask you about a few parts of the body just for pronunciation. What would be called this part right here? 387: Forehead. Interviewer: Alright, and this is my 387: Hair. Interviewer: And if I let this grow out, I'm growing a 387: Beard. Interviewer: Alright, and this is my 387: Ear. Interviewer: Which one is it? 387: That's your right ear. Interviewer: And that's my 387: Left ear. Interviewer: Alright, and this is my 387: Mouth. Interviewer: Alright, someone might fall and break his 387: Neck. Interviewer: And might swallow and get something stuck in his 387: Throat. Interviewer: This part right here, you can see on some people 387: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What would you call that? 387: Adam's apple. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any other names for it? 387: Mm Nope. I don't think so. Interviewer: Does the word goozle mean anything to you? 387: I think a goozle is {D: being} the throat. Inside the throat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But not the Adam's Apple. 387: I don't believe so. Interviewer: Mm 387: But I've heard that then, but not not in a long time. Interviewer: Okay. And all these are my 387: Teeth Interviewer: And just one would be a 387: Tooth Interviewer: And that fleshy part is the 387: Gum. Interviewer: Alright, and this is my 387: Hand. Interviewer: Have two 387: Hands. Interviewer: And this part right here is the 387: Palm. Interviewer: And make a 387: Fist. Interviewer: You got two 387: Fists. Interviewer: What would you call a place where two bones meet, that would be a 387: Joint. Interviewer: Alright, and the upper part of a man's body is his 387: Chest. Interviewer: And he has broad 387: Shoulders Interviewer: Okay. And uh, well you can't see it but this is my right 387: Leg Interviewer: Okay and the end of it is my 387: Foot Interviewer: And I have two 387: Feet. Interviewer: Okay, what about that uh Bone right at the front Uh of your leg Sometimes you stumble and bump 387: Oh your shin. Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm okay. What about the part that runs from uh, your rear end about down to your knee, the backside? 387: Might your thigh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever heard uh, well, What would you say Johnny Bench is doing you know when he assumes a position when he's going to 387: he's catching Interviewer: Yeah. But what he's doing, what. 387: Oh he's squatting. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard any other expression like For squatting? Like uh, hunker down? That mean anything to you? 387: I've heard of hunker down, but I always think of hunker down as being sitting at the table and really eating a lot of food. Interviewer: Oh okay. {NW} #1 Getting down really hard. # 387: #2 We really hunkered down, yeah. # Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard that part of the body that you call the thigh as called the hunkers or haunches? 387: Heard them called haunches but I always thought of it as being being uh A corresponding part on animals rather than people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Alright, this expression, if somebody's been sick for a while You might say about them well uh So-and-so's up and around now but he still looks a little. 387: Pale Or peaked Interviewer: Okay. What about a man who can lift a heavy weight, you say he's mighty. 387: Strong. Interviewer: Alright, and somebody who always has a smile on his face and never gets angry you say he's mighty. 387: Cheerful Interviewer: Mm-kay. 387: Happy. Interviewer: Good nature do that? 387: Good natured, yeah that's real common. Interviewer: Okay, at a boy, whose reached a certain age where he's And he always runs into things and trips and uh falls over his own feet. 387: Just clumsy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. A person who just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense. You'd say he's just a plain 387: Nut, I guess. Interviewer: Mm-kay, what about the word fool? Would that do there? 387: It it would do but I don't think it's that common. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You don't hear people say it #1 that much? # 387: #2 Not much # I always think of that as being More derogatory than crazy #1 and folks # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: just don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Use it that much I don't think, it's not unheard of course. Interviewer: Would it, would it not be used because it's a very strong thing to say? 387: I don't think it's stronger than crazy. But I think it's just more derogatory. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard some people say that there's something in the bible against using that word? 387: Yeah. I have. Interviewer: Okay. A person who has a lot of money but he doesn't like to spend it, you'd say he's a 387: He's just tight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Or a tight one. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. 387: But tight I think's #1 more # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: You know. Interviewer: So-and-so is pretty tight? 387: Yeah, more prevalent around here. Interviewer: {X} If I said this about a girl uh She's just as common as she could be, what would that mean to you? Use of that word common? 387: Uh. Crude and uh Ill-mannered. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay so it's definitely not a complementary thing to say. 387: No. {X} Can I get another cup of coffee right quick? {NS} Interviewer: Okay. What about an older person, maybe in his nineties Who {NS} can still you know Take care of himself pretty well Get around alright? 387: Gets around good. Interviewer: You'd say uh Well I don't care how old he is, he's still mighty 387: Mighty spry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And uh, this situation Talking about a child who doesn't want to go upstairs in the dark, you say he's 387: Scared of the dark, or afraid of the dark. Interviewer: Do you have any names, or have you heard any names to describe a child who uh frightens easily? 387: Scaredy cat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And uh this uh phrase The old gray mare, she ain't what she 387: Used to be. Interviewer: Okay. How would you use the negative of that phrase, used to be? Like in this situation, you might say well I don't understand why she's afraid now, she 387: Didn't used to be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Alright, talking about a fellow who leaves a lot of money lying around in plain sight, leaves his doors unlocked, you'd say he sure is mighty 387: Mighty trusting, I guess. Interviewer: Okay, or he's not very, he's not careful he's 387: Careless Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. Say I start talking about a relative of mine I might say well, There's nothing really wrong with aunt so-and-so It's just every now and then, she acts kind of 387: Kind of funny. Interviewer: Yeah. What about the word queer there? Would that do in that context? 387: #1 No, that wouldn't there. # Interviewer: #2 She acts kind of queer? # 387: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Okay 387: You hear that sometimes among old folks. Or from old folks, but that'd be the only time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think otherwise, you know it's gotten to where it refers to being homosexual and you know, folks just wouldn't use it much. Interviewer: Yeah, and the word is 387: Queer. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Alrighty, talking about a person who uh makes up his mind about something And refuses to change it regardless, you'd say he's awfully. 387: Set in his ways. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about somebody you just can't joke without losing his temper, you'd say he's mighty. 387: Fractious Interviewer: Okay. Alright. 387: Or can't take a joke. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh talking about somebody like that, you might say well I was just kidding, I didn't know he was going to get. 387: I didn't know he was gonna get mad. But they are- sometimes people refer to them as being all business. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah. Thin-skinned? 387: Yeah, occasionally thin-skinned. Interviewer: Or touchy? 387: Touchy, yeah I think. Interviewer: Okay. 387: Didn't think about those. Interviewer: Somebody who's about to lose his temper, and you don't want him to, you might try to uh, avoid it by telling him, now just 387: Calm down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And at the end of the day if you've been working hard, you'd say you're very 387: Tired. Interviewer: Okay, what about an extreme case of it, I'm just all 387: Worn out. Interviewer: Okay, you ever, you ever heard pooped or 387: Yeah, I've I've heard that Interviewer: Shot? 387: I I think shot is being more like somebody being drunk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Alright, what about uh a person who's you hear is in the hospital you might say well he was looking alright yesterday, why is he. 387: Got worse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, or what about using the word sick there when was it that he 387: Got sick. Interviewer: Yeah And somebody who's been working out in the hot sun, he comes into an air conditioned room and his after a little while his eyes and nose start running, you'd say looks like he he starts sneezing 387: Catching cold? Interviewer: Yeah, it looks like he, did what? 387: #1 Caught a cold. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # And if it you know affects his voice he's a little. 387: Little hoarse. Interviewer: Yeah And if {NW} He does that, he's got a. 387: Cough. Interviewer: Alright. Late in the day I might say, well I needa go to bed, feeling a little. 387: Sleepy Interviewer: Okay But at six o'clock in the morning I'll. 387: Be wide awake. Interviewer: Okay I'll do what? 387: Wake up. Interviewer: Okay. And talking about somebody else who's still sleeping and you don't want 'em to, you might say well so-and-so's still in bed, you'd better go 387: I don't understand. Interviewer: Better go 387: #1 Oh better wake him up. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, okay # Alright, the word take uh If there's some medicine on the side of the bed, the mother might come in and say well why haven't you. 387: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: But I already. 387: Took it. Interviewer: Well you're gonna have to 387: Take it. Interviewer: Some more, okay. And somebody who uh has trouble hearing you say he's just about stone. 387: Stone deaf. Interviewer: Okay. And if you've been working out in the hot sun, you might come in and take your shirt, wring it out and say look how I 387: Sweated Interviewer: Okay. These places that some people get on their skin, they're kind of red and sensitive Got this white stuff that you mash out. What do you call a place like that? 387: Pimple Interviewer: Alright, anything else you heard? 387: Bump, maybe. Interviewer: What about the words boils or rising? 387: Oh yeah, yeah you I always think of a Of a pimple as being a small place you know that kids get on they face And a rising as a bigger place and more, you know, just uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Rougher looking. Interviewer: Yeah, do people ever call that a boil? 387: Oh yeah, mm-hmm Interviewer: You might call it a 387: A boil or a rising. I I always think of a boil as being bigger than a rising. #1 I don't know whether that's # Interviewer: #2 Really? # 387: Right or not, but I always think of a of a boil as being Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: bigger than a rising. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call that white stuff that you mash out? 387: Pus. Interviewer: Alright I'm talking about a blister, the fluid inside, what do you call that? 387: Hmm I can't think of any {NS} Excuse me {NS} {X} We're trying to get a little case settled, it's one of those kinds of deals they There's not enough money to go around for child support. Interviewer: Yeah You sound like you'd like to strike this law. 387: Oh I do, that's a that's a real nice {X} He's real Reasonable. Some of these lawyers are crazy But this one this It's a It's just, there's just not enough to go around, they got about five or six kids and it's one of those things you know, it just Interviewer: Yeah. 387: That happens quite a bit, there just isn't enough to {NS} #1 {D: Divvy} # Interviewer: #2 Did you always want to be a lawyer? # 387: Oh not always, I never knew what I wanted to be I don't think, but I love practicing law. Interviewer: Are most of the lawyers around here educated in the state? 387: Yeah, I think so, I I'd think three-fourths of them would be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm so about how many of them would you suppose were raised in this area? 387: Until a short time ago the big majority of them now probably not much more than half, or little over maybe. Interviewer: Hmm 387: But uh, we get a lot of, you know, we get a lot of out-of-town lawyers in here. Interviewer: Okay. 387: I think the farther away they come uh the more unreasonable they get. You get somebody from {X} These these schools like, I've seen a lot of lawyers from {NS} {X} Interviewer: Right Okay, I'll just ask you a few more questions then we'll stop. Uh, that fluid in blisters, did you ever think of anything? 387: I don't, I can't think of anything that would describe that. Interviewer: Would you ever just call it water? 387: Water, yeah, that'd be Interviewer: Okay Alright, say if a bee stung me on my hand And it got bigger, you'd say a bee stung me and my hand did what? 387: Uh S-swelled Interviewer: Okay. My hand's pretty badly 387: Swollen. Interviewer: You could almost see it 387: Swell. Interviewer: Okay 387: But that, put Folks always talking about something around here as being swole up. Interviewer: Swole up? 387: yeah, that's a real Interviewer: Sure, okay. And if somebody in a war gets uh shot, you'd say he has a bad The place where he got shot He had a bad what? 387: Mm Wound I guess, maybe, wound. Interviewer: You ever heard of any of wound doesn't heal cleanly and there's kind of a white granular flesh uh forming around it that has to be burned out or somehow removed, you ever heard that described in any kind of way? 387: You're not talking about scarring? Interviewer: Not really, have you ever heard the phrase proud flesh? 387: No. I don't think I've ever heard that. Interviewer: Okay it's just for pronunciation. 387: Proud flesh Interviewer: Proud flesh Okay, and this is a dark brown fluid that you might put on a place to keep it from getting infected That would be. 387: {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay, everything's good # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Or something that begins with an I? 387: Iodine Interviewer: Alright. And this is a white bitter tasting powder that used to be given for malaria. 387: Quinine Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Talking about a patient who has a terminal illness, you might say that the doctor did everything he could, but the patient. 387: Died anyway or is gonna die. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Now the word died, if you're speaking to the family, and you don't want to come out and say I'm sorry to hear that so-and-so died what might you say? 387: Passed away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: The colored folks I think would mostly say passed #1 And leave the away off. # Interviewer: #2 Passed # Mm-hmm okay And what about joking or crude ways of saying so-and-so died? 387: Kicked the bucket I think Or croaked. Interviewer: Okay. Talking about somebody who has died, you'd say well he's been uh dead a week now and nobody's figured out what he 387: Died of. Interviewer: Okay And the place were people are buried, that would be a 387: Cemetery. Interviewer: Okay {NS} {X} Things that have to do with death and dying. Uh, what would you call the box that people are buried in? 387: Casket. Interviewer: Anything besides that? 387: Uh coffin maybe but I think casket more. Interviewer: Okay, and the ceremony for the dead person you'd say you're going to his. 387: Funeral. Interviewer: Yeah What about people who are dressed in black at a funeral, you say they're in. 387: In mourning. Interviewer: mm-hmm. You see that done much around here nowadays? 387: No, I don't think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: I think folks will just wear their you know, their regular clothes, business clothes or Sunday clothes. Interviewer: Yeah. Say on, just a regular day if you were walking down the street and met somebody that you knew He asked about you know just, inquired about your health, what would you probably say in response? 387: Fine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay. Now let's say if somebody is troubled, you tell them oh it'll come out alright, just don't. 387: Worry about it. Interviewer: okay what would you call a disease that attacks the joints. Painful usually. 387: Arthritis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Anything beside that? 387: Maybe rheumatism, I never have Understood the difference #1 between the two. # Interviewer: #2 Me neither. # Okay Do you know what disease that used to kill children because they would get sores in their throat? And wouldn't be able to breathe, they would suffocate. Don't hear about this too much anymore. Begins with a D. 387: No. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Dip- # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: #1 Diphtheria? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah 387: I've heard of diphtheria but I never knew what the symptoms were. Interviewer: Okay, it was just for pronunciation. What about a disease that uh Causes your skin and eyeballs to turn yellow? 387: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if I get a severe pain right around here I might be having an attack of. 387: Appendicitis. Interviewer: What about if somebody ate something that uh disagreed with them and it came back up, you'd say he had to what? 387: Throw up or vomit. Interviewer: Alright Are there any words uh for that that strike you as either crude or funny? 387: I think puke would be probably a crude Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: word that's used sometimes Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh. Can't think of any funny ones uh Interviewer: Are vomit and throw up just neutral words to you? 387: I think so I think that {NW} I think vomit probably worse than throw up, #1 maybe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: maybe a little more, well I don't know if it would or not, they're pretty close to #1 being neutral # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: you hear upchuck sometimes. Interviewer: Yeah, how do you respond to that? 387: I'd think that'd probably Nicer than the other two Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. What about barf, do you ever hear that? 387: Yeah I have {D: sure to have} Not quite as much but I Interviewer: Mm-hmm Where does that fall as far as uh your response to it? does that amuse you or would that repel you if somebody said they had to barf? 387: No. I don't, I'd pretty much be neutral #1 on that one. # Interviewer: #2 Mm # And if the word is 387: Barf Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Alright, somebody who's sick that way, you'd say he's sick where? 387: Sick to his stomach. Interviewer: Alright. Alright, talk about courtship a little bit. If a boy is seeing the same girl pretty regularly, and he's getting serious about her, what would you say he's doing? 387: Going with her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other words for that? 387: Dating her. Uh going with her Uh Can't think of any Interviewer: Do you still hear courting? 387: Occasionally, but not as much as as you know in the past. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Older folks you you know #1 might say that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # This strike you as an old fashioned word? 387: Mm-hmm. Think so. Interviewer: Okay. You would say that he is her what? 387: Boyfriend. Interviewer: Okay. And she would be his. 387: Girlfriend. Interviewer: Alright. Say if a boy comes in late one night and he's got lipstick all over him and his little brother sees him he might say aha you've been. 387: Making out. Interviewer: Okay. 387: {NW} Interviewer: Say if a boy asks a girl to marry him but she doesn't want to, what would you say she did to him? 387: Turned him down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. But if she didn't turn him down and say they went ahead and got 387: Married. Interviewer: That, at the wedding, the man who stands up with the groom, you call him the 387: Best man. Interviewer: Yeah, and the woman who stands up with the bride, you call her the 387: Maid of honor. Interviewer: Okay Around here years ago, did you ever hear of a noisy ceremony after the wedding say a lot of people would follow the couple back into their home and maybe even shoot off guns and play tricks on the couple? 387: No, oh I you know of course I've heard of them you know painting up their car and Interviewer: Mm 387: chasing them out of town but never never any Interviewer: #1 Serious # 387: #2 No. Uh-uh. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard the word shivaree or serenade? 387: Course I've heard #1 Not, not used anything like that I don't think # Interviewer: #2 {X} Yeah # Okay. Alright, say if there's a party going on somewhere and it gets a little out of hand and one of the neighbors calls the police and they come over They don't arrest just one person, they arrest the. 387: Whole bunch. Interviewer: Okay 387: {NW} Interviewer: Say if uh, some young people had gotten together and rented a hall or An armory or something like that and they hire a band too, you say they're going to have a. 387: Party. Interviewer: Okay and specifically when you know the couples move around on the floor. 387: Have a dance. Interviewer: Yeah okay What about this expression Say it uh if three o'clock in the afternoon the children uh get out of school, you'd say at three o'clock school does what? 387: Lets out maybe. Interviewer: Okay Now if it's the summer time when school when isn't in session toward the end of the summer, somebody might ask, well when does school 387: End. {NW} Interviewer: Well. 387: Get out Interviewer: Well but say they're anticipating the reopening of school 387: #1 Oh, when does school start back. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Right. Okay. Say if a little boy leaves home and he's supposed to be going to school, but on the way he decides he doesn't want to go that day, you'd say that he did what? 387: Played hooky Interviewer: Okay 387: Or shot the hook some people say Interviewer: shot the hook? 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh, what would you say {D: shot the hook} I was noticing somebody said shot hooky, you ever heard that? 387: I don't think I've heard that. But I've heard shot the hook. Interviewer: What would you say if you were in college and you decided you didn't want to go to class? 387: {D: You don't cut} Interviewer: Mm-hmm And the person goes to school to get an 387: Education. Interviewer: Alright and after high school some people go to 387: College. Interviewer: What a What do you say you enter after you finish kindergarten, you go into 387: Uh grammar school or first grade. Interviewer: Okay. And in the school room, each student sits at his own. 387: Desk Interviewer: Okay the plural of that, you say a lot of 387: Desks. Interviewer: Okay. Alright some buildings around town you wanna check out a book you go to the 387: Library. Interviewer: And to mail a package 387: Post office. Interviewer: Alright, and if you had to stay overnight in a strange town. 387: Stay at a motel. Interviewer: Or a 387: Hotel. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to go see a play or a movie, you would go to the. 387: Theater. Interviewer: Alright. And if you got very sick you might have to go to the 387: Hospital Interviewer: Okay And at the hospital, the woman who takes care of you, she's a 387: Nurse. Interviewer: Right. What about if you wanted to catch a train in town, where would you go? 387: Depot Interviewer: Mm-hmm, any other way of saying that? 387: Train station. Interviewer: Okay Would you ever use a phrase with the word rail in it? 387: Mm No, I don't think so. Interviewer: Like railroad station or railway station? 387: Not much I don't think Interviewer: Wouldn't use it okay. Here in uh Talladega Where the court house is situated and the buildings you know surrounding the courthouse, does that area have a name? 387: Mm-hmm that's the square. Interviewer: Square okay. Say if 387: #1 Or courthouse square # Interviewer: #2 that # #1 Mm # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: okay. Downtown, if there's a building sitting right here, and then there's one right here, you'd say that this one was right across from this one, what if it's sitting like so? How would you describe the position from this building? 387: Uh Diagonally across Interviewer: Mm-hmm, any other word you heard used? 387: No None that I can Interviewer: Mm-kay have you ever heard kitty or catty-cornered? 387: Yeah, catty-cornered. Interviewer: Mm-hmm that will do. 387: Oh yeah, catty-cornered well Interviewer: So catty-cornered, it was on an on an angle 387: #1 Uh yeah # Interviewer: #2 or diagonally? # 387: And diagonally across, it sure would. Interviewer: Okay. 387: I didn't even think about that. Interviewer: Alright. Have you ever heard the words antigodlin or antigoglin to mean catty-cornered? 387: No I don't think I have. Interviewer: Okay Alright, this is a vehicle that runs on rails that's powered from a wire overhead. Still see it in San Fransisco. 387: Street car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And if you're riding on a bus, you might tell the driver well The next corner's where I want. 387: To get off Interviewer: Alright. Here in Talladega where you have the court house, you'd say that Talladega is the what of Talladega 387: County seat Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you're, Or if you're a post master, you work for the federal 387: Government Interviewer: Okay. What do would you say that police in a town are supposed to maintain? 387: Uh, law and order. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay I don't know if I asked you this or not. But the war between the North and the southern states, did I ask you that? 387: Mm-hmm I think it. Interviewer: I think I did. 387: #1 I think we said Civil War, what it was called here. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay, I didn't make a note of that. Alright, in the days before the electric chair, murderers were 387: Hung Interviewer: Yeah. And a man who commits suicide like that, you'd say he went out and 387: #1 I'd say hung himself. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # Alright, I'm going to ask you some names of some states and see if you can just -for pronunciation. 387: Don't worry Interviewer: Uh Albany would be the capital of which state? 387: New York Interviewer: Okay now, to distinguish it from the city You know if you said New York, somebody might confuse it with the city How would you specify it's a state you're talking about? 387: I'd say New York State. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And Baltimore is in 387: Maryland Interviewer: Alright, uh Richmond. 387: Virginia. Interviewer: Raleigh. 387: North Carolina. Interviewer: Atlanta. 387: Georgia. Interviewer: Uh Columbia. 387: South Carolina. Interviewer: Okay, Miami. 387: Florida. Interviewer: And we're here in. 387: Alabama Interviewer: New Orleans. 387: Louisiana. Interviewer: Louisville. 387: Kentucky. Interviewer: Okay, Nashville. 387: Tennessee. Interviewer: St. Louis. 387: Missouri. Interviewer: Little Rock. 387: Arkansas. Interviewer: Uh Pascagoula. 387: Mississippi. Interviewer: Uh Dallas. 387: Texas. Interviewer: Uh Tulsa. 387: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Boston. 387: Massachusetts. Interviewer: What would, do you have a name for all of the states from Maine to Connecticut together? 387: Uh the New England states. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay and the cities now, what would you say that the biggest city in Maryland is? 387: Baltimore. Interviewer: Okay. And the capital of this country is. 387: Washington D.C. Interviewer: Okay. And probably the biggest city in Missouri would be. 387: Kansas City. Interviewer: Okay, I need another one, looking for another one. 387: Uh #1 St. Louis I guess. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay. What about a historical sea port in South Carolina 387: Charleston. Interviewer: Okay. And the biggest city in Illinois would be 387: {NW} Chicago Interviewer: Alright What about a few of the bigger cities in Alabama? 387: Mm Birmingham, Montgomery. Huntsville Mobile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay #1 What do you call # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: The body of water that uh Mobile is on, that would be 387: Bay. Interviewer: Okay and after you get out of the bay, you get into the what? 387: The Gulf. Gulf of Mexico. Interviewer: Okay. Alright and uh Do you know what a city in the mountains, in the western part of North Carolina, it's a resort city? 387: Blowing Rock. Interviewer: Mm I'm thinking of another one. 387: Mm. Interviewer: So this is Thomas Wolfe's hometown, the guy who wrote "You Can't Go Home Again." 387: Yeah, uh Interviewer: Begins with an A. 387: Asheville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And so the bigger cities in Tennessee. 387: Uh Chattanooga, Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And the biggest city in Georgia would be. 387: Atlanta. Interviewer: Alright, what about the seaport in Georgia? 387: Savannah. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and this is I think the second biggest city in Georgia, it's right across the Alabama line The Phoenix city 387: Columbus Interviewer: Okay And another big city in Georgia. Right at the central part of the state. 387: Macon? Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And the biggest city in uh Louisiana would be. 387: New Orleans. Interviewer: And the capital would be. 387: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And the largest city in southern Ohio where the the ridge {X} 387: Cincinnati Interviewer: Okay And the horse racing city in Kentucky 387: Louisville. Interviewer: Alright, and three foreign countries, if you were in Moscow, you would be in. 387: Uh Russia. Interviewer: Okay, if you were in Paris. 387: France. Interviewer: And if you were in Dublin. 387: Ireland. Interviewer: Okay Uh If you think about religion now, what would you say is the largest uh Protestant denomination in the South would be? 387: Probably Baptist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And talking about a fellow who became a member of a church, you'd say he did what? 387: Joined. Interviewer: Do you have What would he He joined what? 387: Joined the church. Interviewer: Yeah okay, I just needed that phrase. 387: {NW} Interviewer: Uh And when you're in church, you pray to. 387: The Lord. Interviewer: Okay, another word would be. 387: Jesus. Or God. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And you would say the minister or preached a fine. 387: Sermon. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the choir, the organist provided good. 387: Music. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 387: Songs Interviewer: {NS} How would you maybe describe the music, you would say that the music was just {NS} It was very appealing and you liked it you'd say it was just. 387: Wonderful. Interviewer: Alright, another word would be. 387: Beautiful. Interviewer: Okay, that's what it is Uh what would you call the being that's the enemy and the opposite of God? 387: Uh the devil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, any other names for him? 387: Satan Interviewer: Okay Do you ever Alright, sometimes parents would uh try to get their child to behave by saying if you don't straighten up the old something would get you 387: Boogeyman Interviewer: Yeah. 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Now # Is he supposed to be the same as the devil? 387: I don't think he is No I don't think so, I think that they're Interviewer: They're different. 387: I think so. Interviewer: They're some sort of bad #1 spirit. # 387: #2 I think it is, yeah. # Interviewer: Okay, your your parents ever tell you that? 387: #1 No they never scared me. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay And uh, these are things that some people think they see and they're afraid of. 387: Ghosts Interviewer: Sure. And if they get in the house, they say the house is 387: Haunted. Interviewer: Alright, this word If somebody asks you to do something that you're not too crazy about doing, you might say well I'll do that uh But I'd, not. 387: Rather not Interviewer: Yeah, okay What would you say to a friend of yours you hadn't seen in a long, long time? What about seeing him for the first time? {X} Interviewer: {X} {NS} Okay, let's see. Yeah I was asking you about what you would say to a friend of yours. Say, would you ever use something like this I sure am mighty. 387: Mighty glad to see you. Interviewer: Yeah. Heard people round here use the word proud? 387: #1 Yeah, quite a bit. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # They would say maybe. 387: I'm proud to see you. Interviewer: Proud to see you okay. Talking about a fellow who owns a great deal of land, maybe several thousand acres You would say well, so-and-so he sure owns a 387: Bunch of land. Interviewer: Alright. You ever heard people use the phrase right smart that way? 387: Mm-hmm. Quite. I don't think you'd use right smart on several thousand acres. I think right smart would be a smaller amount than that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But it'd Interviewer: In the hundreds? 387: Uh might be, might be. Might even be less than a hundred. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I never have thought of about land, but you know it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: People would use that quite a bit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Give me an example of using that phrase. 387: Uh {NS} Let me think of some. You'd might say did you get in much hay today and say well we got right #1 smart in I think. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah. Could you have a right smart of pain? 387: No I don't think so. I think it'd be something that would be easier to count than Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. 387: Than Interviewer: Okay it has to be more concrete. 387: I believe- I believe so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Alright, say this phrase, if somebody Intentionally dislike to go somewhere, you'd say he blank dreaded the place. 387: Really #1 dreaded it or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # okay and if you go outside and it's it's cold, I mean you might say it's not just cold out here, it's cold 387: #1 Extra cold # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Anything else? It's blank cold. 387: #1 Real cold or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Okay Interviewer: Ask you about uh, exclamations uh What would be the strongest thing that you would probably say, you know, in a way of swearing or cursing if you really go provoked? 387: Damn. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 Probably # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 387: #2 # Nothing much other than that I don't think. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody is uh said something about you that you don't appreciate You know, to indicate the kind of resentment you might say why the very 387: Idea. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Very, yeah. {X} Interviewer: Would you ever use- 387: The nerve of it Interviewer: The nerve? Yeah. Alright. Say if you met somebody in town and you're just walking along somebody you know, what might you say to them, you know, in a way of greeting, asking about his health? 387: How are you getting along? Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay Would you say anything to somebody you didn't know if you were walking along just to be saying something? 387: Same thing, I would, I think. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh if some people had been over to see you and you enjoyed their visit, you might say well Y'all come back 387: To see us. Interviewer: Mm 387: Or when you can. Interviewer: Okay or Come back 387: Anytime. Interviewer: What about another word to indicate that you'd like another visit from y'all come back? 387: Soon. Interviewer: Alright, this word begins with an A that I'm after. Y'all come back A-G 387: Oh, again. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Just for pronunciation, how would you greet somebody around December 25? 387: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever Play a little word game on Christmas Day or maybe around Christmas when you You were supposed to say the {NW} to the person when you saw him before he said it to you. 387: Mm no I don't think so. Interviewer: You ever say Christmas gift? To somebody? 387: No. Never did. Interviewer: And around January the first you would say. 387: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody's done you a favor, you know to show your appreciation you might say well I sure am much 387: Obliged or indebted Interviewer: Do you say that? Much obliged? 387: No I never do. Interviewer: But do you hear it? 387: Hear it quite a bit. Interviewer: Okay. 387: I think that's mostly older folks too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright. Say if you need to go downtown to get some things, you say you have to go downtown to do some 387: Errands. Interviewer: Or Anything begins with an S. Go do some. S-H. 387: Oh do some shopping. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you {NW} {NW} Or do you do some errands? 387: Well I think there's a I think the difference I think when you're shopping you're buying things and when you're on errands you're Doing things like #1 paying the light bill on time. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Uh, say you bought something at a store, the store keeper took a piece of paper and he did what to it? 387: Wrapped it. Interviewer: Yeah, when you got home you 387: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: Alright. And if a a merchant is selling something for less than what he paid for it, you'd say he's selling at a 387: At a loss. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And if you see something that you really like, but you might not be able to get it simply because it, too much. 387: Cost too much. Interviewer: But if you really need it like a new car you might go to your banker and ask if you could 387: Borrow the money. Interviewer: Right, and he might say well I'd like to help you out but nowadays money is mighty. 387: Mighty tight. Interviewer: Okay and another word for that? 387: Scarce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. 387: Expensive. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if it's time to pay the bill, you would say the bill is 387: Due. Interviewer: Yeah, and if you're in a club you have to pay your 387: Dues. Interviewer: Alright. Alright, say if a boy is at a swimming hole, he might go off run off the end of the board and in the water 387: Dive. Interviewer: Yeah He ran off the board and he 387: Dived. Interviewer: Okay Uh he has out there all day. 387: Dived. Interviewer: Alright, and when he gets in the water he begins to 387: Swim. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh he dived off the board and he 387: #1 Swam across the pool. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # He has out there all day 387: Swam. Interviewer: Okay. What about if he gets in water that's too deep for him? Uh You might say he You might say that he might. 387: Oh. Sink to the bottom. Interviewer: Alright yeah if it kills him he might 387: Drown. Interviewer: Yeah Uh he got in water that was too deep and he 387: Drowned. Interviewer: Yeah A lot of people have 387: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay. What would you say you did if dived in the water and you Didn't enter the water cleanly, but you landed flat, you know? And uh blistered yourself and made a popping sound? 387: Uh. They call it a belly flop. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Ever heard belly bust? 387: Belly buster, yeah, belly buster {D: heard that before} Interviewer: Alright. And if a child is playing around in the yard He might take his head between his legs and kick out his feet and go over like that. What would you say he did? 387: Turned somersaults. Or somersets. Interviewer: See any difference to you between a flip and a somersault? 387: Always think of a flip {NW} As making the complete circle in the air {NS} Excuse me {NS} Oh okay. {NS} Interviewer: Telling me about flip 387: Oh I I think a I always think of a flip as being as making a complete circle in the air. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Sp- especially if you're on a trampoline or a diving board. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And I always think of a somersault as as just playing on the ground. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Around here, if you go in to uh buy something at the store or go in to pay off your bill would the storekeeper ever give you something, you know, a little extra for doing that? 387: Uh. A a discount or? Interviewer: Okay, that or maybe if it were just something that he gave to you outright. 387: No I don't think so I- Interviewer: Would you have a word for something like that, if that happened? He gave you a or this was 387: I couldn't think of anything other than a gift. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Do you know the word lagniappe? 387: No. Interviewer: To mean something a little extra. 387: No, never heard that I don't believe. {NS} Interviewer: Alrighty. What about uh what would you say a baby does before it's able to walk? 387: Crawls. Interviewer: Okay. And if a boy gets his kite stuck up in a tree, he's gonna have to 387: To climb the tree. Interviewer: Yeah. It got stuck up there and he 387: Climbed Interviewer: Yeah He has a lot of trees 387: Climbed. Interviewer: Okay. Uh If a child's about to go to bed, but he's going to say his prayers first, you'd say he did what beside the bed? 387: Uh kneeled. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And if you're feeling kind of tired, you might say Well I think I'll down for a while. 387: Lie down. Interviewer: Yeah. And talking about somebody who's pretty sick, you might say well He couldn't even sit up he just in bed all day. 387: Just lay in bed all day. Interviewer: Alright. And things that you begin to see in your sleep, you say you begin to 387: Dream. Interviewer: Yeah. You say last night I 387: Dreamed. Interviewer: I have. 387: Dreamed. Interviewer: About that before okay. And you might say I was dreaming about so-and-so but all the sudden I 387: Woke up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What would you say I did if I brought my foot down pretty hard on the floor? 387: Stomped. Interviewer: Yeah okay. And if uh a fellow was at a party and he wanted to see that a girl got home okay. What might he asker her, he might say may I 387: Take you home or See you home sometimes but take you home I think would be Interviewer: Does take you home or see you home imply either walking or riding there? 387: I think it does, I don't think there'd be any difference. Interviewer: What, what, what would those phrases imply? Which one won't get a ride? 387: Uh. Interviewer: #1 Oh you mean it could be # 387: #2 I don't think it, I # Interviewer: #1 Either one # 387: #2 I think it could be either one # I guess. Maybe see you home might mean, might imply walking more than Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Riding and take you home might mean Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But I I've never thought about that I Interviewer: Is there anything if you, If you were going to give her a ride in your car, May I 387: Take you home. Some folks would say carry you home. Interviewer: To mean riding in the car? Okay. And to get a boat up on the land, you might tie a rope to it and do what? 387: Pull it out. Interviewer: Yeah and if you're having car trouble you might ask somebody behind you to give you a 387: Give you a push or a shove. Interviewer: Okay. What if you were carrying something like a big trunk instead of saying you carried that thing for a block, you'd say I 387: Mm Interviewer: Kind of implying that you had a had a struggle with it maybe. {NS} 387: #1 Excuse me. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # {NS} And you were telling me about struggling with a heavy object, anything you'd say besides carried? 387: Nothing I can think of. Interviewer: Okay, d- would you ever use the word lugged? 387: Lugged. I might, yeah, it might be. Interviewer: What about the word toted? 387: I never say that. Some people do though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Toted something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Older people again? 387: {X} I think so older, I believe it would be. Interviewer: Yeah. Does the word tote imply something heavy to you? Or could it be anything? 387: Oh no I think it could be anything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think lug might imply something heavy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. Alright say if a a little child's playing in the kitchen. Mother might warn him about the stove. She might say now that stove is very hot so 387: Don't touch it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright if you need a hammer you might say to me That hammer. 387: Give me that hammer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or if I don't have it, I'm gonna have to get it from somewhere you might say. {X} 387: Bring me the hammer. Interviewer: Okay. This is a child's game uh I imagine you play you know, tag or chase or something like that Do you remember if there was a place that you could run to where you'd be safe, nobody could tag you? 387: I think that was. Home base. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And if I throw you a ball you're supposed to 387: Catch it. Interviewer: Yeah I threw it to you and you 387: Caught it. Interviewer: Yeah, every time I've thrown it you 387: Caught it. Interviewer: Okay. And we're supposed to meet in town, I might say well if I get there before you do, I'll 387: Call you Or I'll wait on you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, alright. And if your father has a hired man working for him, he might say well If the guy's not doing his work, he might say I hate to do it, but I'm just gonna have to 387: Let him go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Or fire him. Interviewer: What about I'm gonna have to get 387: Get rid of him. Interviewer: Okay, and the guy might come back and say, Oh come on, give me another 387: Give me another chance. Interviewer: Alright. A fellow who has a, always smiling and laughing, somebody might say of him, well he sure has a good sense of 387: Humor. Interviewer: Okay. What about. If a little boy leaves his best pen out on his desk and when he gets back it's gone, he says Okay, looks like somebody 387: Got my pen. Or stole my pen. Interviewer: Alright. Anything besides stole? 387: Picked it up. Picked up my pen, I can't Interviewer: You ever hear people say swiped? 387: Occasionally. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Probably not as pro- #1 Prevalent as the other but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # You ever, do you ever hear Ripped off? 387: Oh yeah, a little bit. Not much, not too much, I always think of those as being sort of a #1 Hippie type word that's # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # #1 {NW} # 387: #2 And it's got you know, gotten out of fashion. # Interviewer: Right. And the term is. 387: Ripped off. Interviewer: Yeah, and that other one I mentioned was. 387: #1 Swiped. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah okay. # Alrighty. If you wanna get in touch with somebody without telephoning them, you might just sit down and. 387: Write them a letter. Interviewer: You sat down and you 387: Wrote. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And you had already 387: Written. Interviewer: Okay. And if you write him, you expect to get a 387: Answer. Interviewer: Alright. What would you say you do to the envelope uh after you put the letter in it? 387: Address it. Interviewer: Okay you might say I'd like to write to so and so but I just don't know his 387: Home address. Interviewer: Okay. What about, talk about a little boy who learned how to do something new like whistle between his teeth. You might ask him who you how to do that? 387: Taught you. Interviewer: Alright. What about a little child who goes around telling on the other children, what would you call him? 387: Tattletale. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. To you is there any difference between tattling and gossiping? 387: Oh yeah, I think that, I think gossiping is just is repeating rumors that you've heard. While tattling you're just I mean you're actually {NW} Well I think tattling is, is children #1 telling on other children # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm # Mm-hmm. Something that actually occurred. 387: Mm-hmm. They're telling their Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: teacher or their mother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm But gossiping suggests that it's not necessarily true? 387: Well, yeah I think, yeah, I think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I I think of gossiping as #1 older folks, grown people. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm Okay. Say if you have some flowers growing in your yard that you wanna Brighten up the living room a little bit, you might say well I think I'll go out and 387: Cut some flowers. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call little things that a child plays with, those are his 387: Toys. Interviewer: Okay you have a word for 387: Playthings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Mm. Uh. Interviewer: You ever heard of play-pretty? 387: Occasionally. I always thought of play-pretties as being a Being something that a that a baby would play with. Interviewer: I see. 387: Like a rattle or something. Interviewer: Would a would a toy machine gun be a play-pretty? 387: No I don't think so. Interviewer: It would be a plaything? 387: Mm. Might be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I think a, I sort of think of a plaything as meaning Collective of toys as #1 play things are the plural. # Interviewer: #2 I see. Uh-huh. # 387: Collection of them. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. A few words here. If I had something that you need right now, you'd say me that. 387: Give me that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and I might say, but I already 387: Gave it to you. Interviewer: Okay. You have. 387: Given. Interviewer: Alright. And if you're talking about going to the movie, you might call him up and ask him, when does the show 387: Start? Interviewer: #1 Or # 387: #2 Begin. # Interviewer: Okay. And the guy might say, it has already 387: Begun. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. As a matter of fact it, at three o'clock. 387: Began. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} Do you like go to movies by the way? 387: Yeah, but I ain't been in a while. Interviewer: I went to see this one that's playing downtown, airplane. 387: Is it, is it funny? Interviewer: It's ridiculous, I mean it's just one, uh #1 it's a parody on these airport disaster movies. # 387: #2 Yeah. # This show got this, the #1 The theater down here is in, oh it's in such a rough shape and they # Interviewer: #2 Huh # 387: kids get in there and scream and carry on Interviewer: Yeah 387: #1 Why I always try to to go Birmingham or Anniston # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: But they're building a new one out here that's #1 going to have two I think, two or three and so. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # #1 {X} # 387: #2 maybe you # your feet stick to the floor {X} Interviewer: {NW} I know what you mean. That's typical with theaters. 387: We went one night I hadn't I hadn't been to a show I bet in five or six months but went. Oh, anyway, went one Tuesday night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And good grief. There's no one, and there's usually not very many you know, not very many people go, There was a pretty good crowd and it was Dollar night or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Every kid in town was there and you couldn't hear the movie and they cut up. Interviewer: {NW} 387: So like Saturday morning. Interviewer: Yeah, that's aggravating isn't it. Mm Okay, you wanna get somewhere in a hurry, you wouldn't just walk but you begin to 387: Run. Interviewer: Yeah, you'd say so-and-so all the way home. 387: Ran. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. He has, two miles. 387: Run. Interviewer: Okay. If you don't know where somebody is from, you might ask, Where does he, from? 387: Come from. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You might say he blank in on the train last night. 387: Came in on the train. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh has he blank blank yet, has he 387: Left yet? Interviewer: Same word, has he. 387: Come. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Alright, and with your eyes you say you, things. 387: See. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you 387: Seen. Interviewer: Okay. Uh I blank him yesterday. 387: Saw. Interviewer: Okay. Say if the uh The highway department is working on the road with uh jackhammers you know that sort of thing you might say well You can't get through on the road out there, the highway department's got their equipment out there and the road's all 387: Torn up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. And if you give your wife a present say a bracelet She's just sitting there looking at it, you might say Well, don't just look at it, go ahead and 387: Put it on. Interviewer: Okay. And this verb uh somebody might ask Can you really blank that? Talking about things you're able to perform. 387: Do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. He might say yeah, I blank it yesterday. 387: Did it yesterday. Interviewer: Uh he as already 387: Done. Interviewer: Alright. And if somebody asks you uh What's new, you might say uh 387: Nothing. Interviewer: And he might say well surely there must be 387: Something. Interviewer: Okay. How about a very unusual thing, somebody might ask you if you heard about the You might act surprised and and say why I never heard of blank things. 387: I never heard of those things. Interviewer: Okay or another word might be If you're really surprised, you've never heard that #1 sort of # 387: #2 Such things? # Interviewer: Yeah. Alright if somebody is asking you how long you lived in the Talladega area you might say well I've blank lived here. 387: #1 Always lived here. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And talking about a person who got uh thrown from a horse you might say well Uh he got thrown once and he's been afraid of horses ever 387: Ever since. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody broke out a window, you might say well that wasn't an accident, he did that 387: On purpose. Interviewer: Alright. And uh a few more verbs if you wanted to know something and uh you come to me to find out about it, I might say well I can't help you, in fact you better go blank somebody else. 387: Go talk to somebody, go see somebody else. Interviewer: #1 Alright, if you're specifically going to have to question them, you go # 387: #2 Go ask somebody else. # Interviewer: Yeah. So you went to him and 387: Asked him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh you have him that before. 387: Asked. Interviewer: Okay. And if boys get irritated at each other they might begin to. 387: Fight. Interviewer: Yeah they blank all day long. 387: Fought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They have 387: Fought. Interviewer: Okay, and if somebody takes a knife and does su- such #1 to himself you say he did what to himself? # 387: #2 Stabbed. # Interviewer: Yeah. Do you have any names for knife uh knives with big blades? 387: Butcher knife. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. What about this situation, if the teacher comes in the room and there are a lot of funny pictures of her on the board, she might turn around to the class and ask okay who 387: Who did this? #1 or who # Interviewer: #2 or who # 387: Wrote this or who drew this. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you want to get a heavy weight up on the roof of a house, you might rig up a block and tackle and you'd say you did what? You have to 387: Pull. Interviewer: Okay, is there another word you might use there? 387: Hoisted. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay you say you. 387: Hoisted. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Alright, how would you greet somebody around ten o'clock in the day time? 387: Uh good morning. Interviewer: What would be the latest you'd say that? 387: Noon. Interviewer: Okay, and after noon you would say 387: Good afternoon. Interviewer: What about later than that? 387: Uh. Probably dark Any Prob- probably any time before dark. Interviewer: Would you have another uh Okay how would you greet somebody after afternoon? You'd say say good afternoon 387: I think there's a, I think evening would come in there, between afternoon and night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you have any idea when evening starts? 387: I look on evening as being, as being dark but I, I think most folks look on it as being between afternoon and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think evening would probably start, this time of year, probably between, start about #1 five and go to seven or eight. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 387: Of course in the, I don't know what it'd be in the winter. Interviewer: uh-huh 387: But I think I think of afternoon and night but but I think Most folks think of it #1 evening comes between afternoon and night. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm okay. What would you say to somebody when you're leaving them during the daytime? 387: Goodbye or I think goodbye. Interviewer: Do you ever say good day? 387: Good day, occasionally, no, I don't think I ever do #1 but you hear it sometimes. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah, alright. And what would you say to someone when you're leaving him at night? 387: Good night. Interviewer: All right Okay. Say if a farmer got up very early in the morning, you'd say he got out in the field before 387: Before sunrise. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Or sunup. Interviewer: Okay, and he stayed out until after 387: After dark. Interviewer: Or. 387: Sundown. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And he got out in the field so early he could see the sun 387: Rise. Interviewer: Yeah. by the time that he got out the sun had already 387: Risen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, the sun blank at five o'clock. 387: Rose. Interviewer: Okay. Let's see if uh Thursday is today, then Wednesday was. 387: Uh yesterday. Interviewer: And Friday will be. 387: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay, what would you say somebody came to see you no this past Sunday, but the one before that. You'd say he came to see you. 387: Sunday a week ago. Interviewer: Alright now if somebody's coming to see you not this Sunday but the one following. He'd say he's coming to see you. 387: Not this Sunday but the next. Interviewer: Okay. You ever say Sunday week? 387: Sunday week, yeah #1 occasionally. # Interviewer: #2 will that do? # 387: Yeah, I do. Interviewer: Okay. What if somebody stayed from, at your house from about the first to the fifteenth, you'd say he stayed about. 387: Two weeks or Half a month. Interviewer: You ever hear about people use the word {NS} Go ahead. 387: Fortnight? Interviewer: Yeah. Never- {C: distorted and gets cut off} Could you say that word again for me were were talking about where it meant about two weeks. 387: Fortnight. Interviewer: Say you rarely hear that or? 387: No, never really. {NS} Interviewer: What about if you wanna know the time of day you'd ask me 387: What time is it? Interviewer: Okay and I'd say well let me look at my. 387: Watch. Interviewer: What time would you say it was if it were exactly midway between seven and eight o'clock that would be. 387: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Yeah any other way of saying that? 387: Half past seven but I don't think you'd ever hear that much. Interviewer: Okay. What if it were fifteen minutes later than uh half past ten, you'd say that was. 387: Ten forty-five. Interviewer: Okay, any other way? 387: Mm, quarter to eleven. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. Talk about something you've been doing for a long time, you'd say you've been doing that for quite 387: Quite a while or quite some time. Interviewer: Okay, nineteen seventy-nine was last year, nineteen eighty is 387: This year. Interviewer: Okay. And a child just had his third birthday, you'd say he's 387: Three years old. Interviewer: Okay, and something that happened about this time last year, you'd say it happened exactly 387: A year ago. Interviewer: Alright. A few things about the weather, you might look up at the sky say well I don't like the look of those dark 387: Clouds. Interviewer: Alright. What about a day that's so not too many clouds in the sky, it's nice and blue and the sun shining you say boy it looks like it's going to be a 387: Pretty day. Interviewer: Okay and if it were the opposite, if it was dark and you know maybe expected to get some rain so yeah, looks like it's going to be a 387: Rainy day or a cloudy day Interviewer: Mm 387: or a gloomy day. Interviewer: Okay. What about, what would you say the weather's doing if the clouds get Start getting thicker and darker you an- you anticipate some rain you'd say the weather's 387: Clouding up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. You ever hear something like the weather's threatening or? 387: Threatening, yeah, occasionally. Interviewer: That would do. 387: Lot of people say coming up a cloud. Interviewer: Coming up a cloud, okay. But if the cloud starts pull off you know and the sun starts shining through, you'd say it's doing what? 387: Fairing off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. What if you get a lot of rain in just a short period of time, maybe like a couple of inches in just an hour, you'd say you had a regular 387: Downpour. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay, anything besides that? 387: #1 Mm # Interviewer: #2 It might be a humorous way of saying it? # 387: Let's see. Gully washer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of toad strangler? Or stump mover? 387: I may have heard those, I don't, not much But I may have that's {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 387: Excuse me. {NS} Interviewer: Alright, and if you're, you have some lightning with the rain What kind of storm would you call that? 387: Mm. Thunderstorm. Interviewer: Okay. And this verb, if you get your clothes up on the line, but the wind came along and did what? 387: Blew them off. Or dried them. Interviewer: Okay {NW} That was out of the blue right? Uh the wind has 387: Blown. Interviewer: Okay. And it sure did earlier. 387: Blow. Interviewer: Okay. What would you, which direction would you say wind's coming from it it's uh coming from that direction? 387: Uh East. Interviewer: Okay and that would be. 387: No it would be west I guess. Interviewer: Okay, I'm just after the points on the compass. You'd say the winds out of the 387: Out of the west. Interviewer: Alright then if it's that way then it's 387: Out of the east. South. North. Interviewer: Okay. What about if the wind is between the south and the west, you would say that it's 387: Southwesterly wind. Interviewer: Okay and if it's going south and east it would be 387: Southeasterly. Interviewer: And north and east. 387: Northeasterly. Interviewer: And north and west. 387: Northwesterly. Interviewer: Okay. Say if you went out, it's in the When it's doing outside, it's raining, but you barely got wet, you'd say it was just a 387: A sprinkling, a drizzling, just a drizzle. Interviewer: You have a name for a rain that doesn't last long at all? 387: Shower. Interviewer: Okay. You're driving along and you come to a low place in the road, you might go through all this white stuff that you can barely see through, that would be. 387: Fog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what kind of day would you say that is? 387: Mm. Foggy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright What about uh The kind where we've been having, it hasn't rained for a pretty long time, you say you're having a 387: Drought. Interviewer: Any other term for 387: Dry spell. Interviewer: Yeah and is there a difference? 387: I think a drought would be more severe and more prolonged than a dry spell. Interviewer: Okay. What about if the wind has been very gentle, but it's gradually getting stronger, you'd say the wind is doing what? 387: Picking up. Interviewer: Okay, and if it's been the opposite, if it's been very strong but it's gradually getting more gentle you'd say it's 387: Dying down. Interviewer: Okay, what if you go out in the weather Uh it's a little on the cool side you know, not uncomfortable, just kind of invigorating you'd say it's kind of 387: Chilly. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Computer terminal up {X} 387: Uh-huh, wait it's a computer, it's not just a {X} it's a He's an accountant Interviewer: Oh yeah. 387: And, and so he he uses that, he's kind of had trouble out of that thing it's. His programs aren't, aren't correct to me Uh. Interviewer: What type is it? 387: Gosh I don't know. No it's not IBM uh I think it's DEC, I think it's Digital Equipment Company, but I'm not really sure I Oh I can't understand anything about those things. Interviewer: Yeah, that is interesting. 387: He's really just, he's really sort of learning he's probably had a couple months Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm, mm-hmm # 387: #2 but it's you know not, slow as a typewriter. # Interviewer: How to manage it. 387: He's trying to figure it out I think. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: And I don't think really, he's he's using it to its fullest capacity he just doesn't you know he's just not sure about. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: You know it's just gonna take time to sort of grow into it but it's it's. You know it'll be a help to him. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. You were telling me it's chilly, have you ever heard things like people say it's a little airish out here? 387: Mm-hmm. A little airish I think that means cold, cool. Interviewer: What about nippy? 387: Nippy, occasionally. Interviewer: And if you go outside and there's a light coating of white on the ground, you'd say you have 387: Frost. Interviewer: Alright, is there any difference between, do you have another name for one if it was severe you know, it would kill the plants? {NS} 387: Uh. {NS} Excuse me. {NS} Let me think. No, maybe a hard frost last month. Interviewer: Okay. 387: Or a heavy frost I guess it'd be. Interviewer: Do you hear a killing frost? 387: Never have heard that I don't think. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say it was so cold last night the lake did what? 387: Froze. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Or froze over. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if it gets much colder, the pond might 387: Freeze over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, everything around here has 387: Frozen Interviewer: Okay. Alright. This expression sometimes you hear or you feel that your good luck comes just a little bit at a time. But it seems like your bad luck comes 387: All at once. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody says something more than once, maybe he was saying it 387: Twice. Interviewer: Okay. This is just for pronunciation But would you count for me? From one to fourteen? 387: Uh-huh. One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Interviewer: Okay and the number after nineteen is. 387: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six is. 387: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine. 387: Thirty. Interviewer: And after thirty-nine. 387: Forty. Interviewer: And after sixty-nine. 387: Seventy. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine. 387: A hundred. Interviewer: Okay and after nine hundred ninety-nine. 387: A thousand. Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand would be one 387: Ten times a hun- a million. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. 387: Had to add that one up. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. What about the day of the month that the bills are due, that's usually the. 387: First. Interviewer: And after that is the. 387: Second. Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Interviewer: Okay. And again just for pronunciation, the months of the year. 387: Uh. January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November and December. Interviewer: Okay and the days of the week. 387: Uh. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday. Interviewer: You ever hear people around here call Sunday by any other name? 387: Mm. No. Interviewer: You ever hear Sabbath? 387: No, never would hear that. Interviewer: Does that mean anything? To you? 387: I think it'd be something the preacher would use. Interviewer: Okay. 387: A biblical term. Interviewer: A little too formal? 387: Yeah, I think so. Interviewer: But the word is. 387: Sabbath. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Alright, you had troubles and uh were telling me about them, you might say well got troubles too. 387: I've got troubles too. Interviewer: Okay, if this verb if somebody makes a noise, you might say did you 387: Hear that. Interviewer: He'll say yes I 387: Yes I heard it. Interviewer: I've 387: Heard. Interviewer: Okay. And if I asked you if you know a person, you might say well I don't know him but I've 387: Heard of him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And if a friend of yours comes to town and you're asked if you've seen him yet you might say no I 387: Haven't seen him. Interviewer: Yeah and if you're asked if you friend has seen him you might say no he 387: Hasn't seen him. Interviewer: Okay. Alright talking about something you do every day you all the time. 387: Do it all the time. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you might ask uh, uh If your brother does it frequently, you'd say yes he 387: Does. Interviewer: Alright and the {X} question out of that, blank he do that? 387: Do you? Interviewer: Or. 387: Does he? Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And you might say if uh you're asked if your brother likes ice cream, you might say yes 387: He does. Interviewer: Okay. And talk about a farmer who has just let his land go to weeds, you might say well uh I just don't understand it but he just seemed to care. 387: Doesn't seem to care. Doesn't. Interviewer: Okay. Say if a a parent has been dressing her child, but she decides that it's time for the child to learn how himself. She might go into his room with her- with his clothes in her hand and say okay, your clothes 387: Here are your clothes. Interviewer: Okay. And if I asked you if you think Carter is going to be reelected, you might say well no but but blank people who think so 387: A lot of people think so. Interviewer: Or there. 387: There are people who think so. Interviewer: Okay. And if a boy sees you on the street, he's kind of afraid of you, you might try to reassure him by saying oh, not going to hurt you. Blank, going to hurt you. 387: #1 Oh I'm not going to hurt you. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm, okay. # And if you're uh in an argument with somebody trying to uh persuade him that you're right, you might not, you might say well na- ah I'm right, blank I 387: Aren't I? Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. If you gave somebody a ride into town and he was {D: psyching} you for it afterwards, you might say aw don't mention it, we going in anyway 387: We're going in anyway. Interviewer: Okay. Or we what? 387: Went in anyway. Interviewer: Or we blank in anyway. 387: Are going. Interviewer: What if it were past, we 387: Went. Interviewer: Or. {NW} Okay. Not we are, but we 387: We're going. We are. Are we. Interviewer: You, you'd already gotten to town you see. 387: Oh we were coming anyway. Interviewer: Right, okay that's what I 387: {X} Interviewer: Alright. Uh Talking about uh if somebody were reminiscing about the past of the old days when everything was supposedly better you know than it is nowadays. He might lean back and say well those 387: Were the good old days. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody asks uh Was that you I saw in town yesterday, you might say no. 387: Wasn't me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. {X} {C: end of audible recording} Interviewer: {X} Okay that's on mm-hmm mm-hmm. This is the manual we use 412: Alright Interviewer: It has a lot of questions in it 412: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {NW} {D: What now} Now since we're not gonna do a complete interview Maybe skip around a little bit now 412: Alright Interviewer: Items and {NW} Basically What we're interested here is pronunciation You know 412: Mm-hmm Interviewer: For the dialect study and there are a few items that uh I, uh, I, uh usually try to, uh, to get you to say, in other words I won't uh Say them for you for you say I because sometimes when someone else says something it influences the way you say it 412: mm-hmm Interviewer: So sometimes I might say, uh You know I might point to something and you would tell me the what you call it or any alternates, uh any alternate ways a person would talk around you uh I think what I might do first is uh we use uh it sometimes helps us get started You built this house, didn't you? 412: yeah, yeah #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 412: #1 Well I didn't # Interviewer: #2 There's uh... # 412: do it myself of course but Interviewer: Well I mean 412: #1 I helped # Interviewer: #2 you laid it out # 412: #1 Okay I thought this # Interviewer: #2 # 412: Well actually I built this house out of thirty-six hundred dollars believe it or not These walls are eighteen inches thick Interviewer: This all stone? What kind of stone is this? 412: {D:Oh it's uh an old {X} from over here in the creek} it's granite and uh Weathered and stones of other types Little field stones not too much of that flint uh Interviewer: okay 412: #1 {X} five # Interviewer: #2 I'm just # 412: five or six times Interviewer: Okay, this community is uh, what do you call this community? 412: Loachapoka Interviewer: And uh, uh you're uh full answer? uh, What you would 412: Well {B} Well I've Not using {D:at all} but accepting official documents Interviewer: Okay 412: {X} Interviewer: And you just use Loachapoka as your address? 412: yeah, yeah We all had to have box numbers now Interviewer: Is that P-O-L-K-A? 412: mm-mm Interviewer: #1 P-O-K-A # 412: #2 P-O # Interviewer: #1 Not Polka it's Poka # 412: #2 yeah, uh # Interviewer: #1 # 412: #2 # {X} you showed up now {X} Interviewer: {NW} 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 Well I # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, I noticed how {D: Polka-ing or something} # 412: #1 Yeah, that's what they use, it's P-O-L-K-A. # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah that's what, I think that's where I got the idea 412: yeah Interviewer: And you were born in {D: Lake} county? 412: Yeah Interviewer: Was it close to {NS} here? 412: {NS} Yeah down behind Interviewer: Down here with next to mr Ward? 412: No, behind, you know what Beyond that triangle and you turn right and go down that wire road oh about a half a mile Interviewer: {D: Hmm, here} Uh, do you, what do you consider your occupation to be right now? I mean, are you just 412: Well, I'm simply retired because I'll always as long as my health holds I'll be alright and columnist and my chief ambition if my health holds on is to write a history on the progress of southern agriculture in the last fifty years I'll make it sixty then if I get into it uh making, making it something like the Magnum Opus of my career I think I showed you that family history the other day Interviewer: yes 412: Did one on agricultural classics this was the last one I did uh before I left the company retired then we had done three hours take 'em in to hand wrote oh {NS} Bunch of printed {D:and or in} thirty six We sold about fifty thousand copies of that They {X} into handbooks and and our section in those days we spoke with someone {D: opportunity} then I've added to and aided in writing a lot of other books This is a South was one in which I collaborated in ran {D:magnetic book} Interviewer: {X} 412: mm-hmm Interviewer: Were you involved with this now you were involved with uh you said a, a publisher or a foundation that helped with this 412: No, this is company, this is a company publication Interviewer: Which, now, which company is this sir? 412: Progressive farmer company Interviewer: Progressive farming 412: Uh We had invested millions in this just to get it started Interviewer: As a matter of fact the reason I, the reason I, that book looked familiar to me is that this again I saw it in, uh, Illinois 412: Yeah, uh I'm not surprised Yeah Interviewer: As a matter I might've even bought it, uh I often buy them, especially if it had James Dickey's name on 'em #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 I might've done it just for that purpose originally # uh 412: Yeah his book, "Deliverance," um, brought him a lot of attention, uh Good and bad {NS} I guess Interviewer: Well I've been, uh studying mr Dickey since he's been doing his poetry 412: yeah Interviewer: Um, back a bit before Deliverance but he did some lectures at our university for 412: uh-huh, He elected, you know, at this humanities conference There was held here I'm on this advising council for the humanities in universities and this was a project of, uh group, the humanities group and school of arts and sciences {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What's, what's your age sir? Your age, sir? 412: Going on seventy-one. Be seventy-one in September Interviewer: Okay 412: {NW} Interviewer: And your religion is Methodist? 412: Methodist. {NW} Still have a little {D:primitive} Baptist in me from my grandma {X} Interviewer: Got some Baptist on that side It, now this community basically, I is it, uh kinda, divided along religious lines 412: #1 or is it, uh, together # Interviewer: #2 No, no, we're no longer divided # 412: There are some communities where there still seems to be divided but in this {D: area} We don't attend each other's preaching services as we ought to but uh we all work together Interviewer: Alright 412: uh, as far as Baptists and Methodists go, you know they separate over communion and immersion and sprinkling Interviewer: And, what was the second term? 412: Uh, sprinkling Interviewer: No, you said "mushing?" 412: Immersion Interviewer: Oh, immersion Yeah, or sprinkling. 412: Well, that still goes on, but uh the communion, we unite, join with each other in communion Interviewer: You know my family, my uh grandmothers on my mother's side have all been Methodist and I was raised Baptist because my 412: #1 {X}, yeah # Interviewer: #2 father's side was, I mean his parents were all Baptist # and uh, it goes along the family lines uh in our family 412: well I was brought up and lived, until recent years, believing that uh any nun would be a Methodist and a Democrat Well, as I'm begin to get into this history I discovered that we had a lot of Baptists and uh Then I discovered in the last very few years we got Presbyterians Interviewer: uh-huh 412: Which surprised me because I don't think any of our people came from Scotland so, I think we just got in maybe like you did, and, and {D: Your kids} Interviewer: Right okay Uh, um, what's uh your educational level, so how far did you go in education? 412: Well I simply finished a B.S. formerly then I did, um night school working in Birmingham after I'd gone to work with progressive farmer company in journalism, and um then in fifty-nine the university here university conferred on me the honorary doctor science degree {NW} Interviewer: okay and uh, uh I know that, well you're obviously in um, active in the historic society but you you remembered various other community uh, organizations or social groups? 412: Yeah {NW} too many I think belonged to the in the historical field American State Association or What is that exact title? A-A-S-L-H? I wish I... Well anyways, it's uh Association of State Historical Societies and relating groups headquarter's national and then of course, I belonged to the Heritage Association which is an Albany based group the State Historical Association and Southern Historical Association haven't gone farther than that, really I been invited into a number of- I do belong to the Newcomen Society of North America Interviewer: Newcomen? 412: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: okay uh any um, local civic 412: #1 I'm {D: relying} # Interviewer: #2 organizations? # 412: #1 {D:overlined} # Interviewer: #2 reliant? # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 okay # 412: and then I really attend club here locally It was in a field, such as I served in all these years you come to have membership in a lot of other things soil conservation societies and numerous others Interviewer: You have like a, do you have the equivalent up north we have granges do you have the equivalent of like a grange, here? 412: uh, the farm bureau of course has been the dominant organization all through this area. When I was just beginning to grow up there were farmers alliances, it was just dying out and the farmer's union had preceded that I suppose a farmer's alliance and this area, perhaps most of the Southeast, or was it most of rapidly spreading and uh most, yeah most loyal group that uh, ever got into any uh, real society that was still, well, only one I guess to my knowledge there was still one alliance warehouse alliance building, as we called it still standing when I was a boy uh the movement swept the South so rapidly in {D: populist} days you recalled, the Populist movement Interviewer: Now that's the same {NW} Excuse me, the same Populist movement that made the impression on the eighteen nineties 412: #1 yeah, oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 the election # 412: Williams Jennings Bryan and {NW} all the others Interviewer: okay uh how about, uh, uh uh, in your parent's name your mother's side of the family are your parents' birthplace, maybe your mother {X} 412: Well, uh, momma and papa both were born in this era, in that momma was born down to in Armstrong, which is about two miles south of the home place and papa was born there on the home place and that's this one on the wire road about four miles, four and a half miles Interviewer: Down by bee hive? 412: yeah yeah on, this is it part of the land Bill's now operating Interviewer: Are, are you uh, would you consider yourself, uh, associated with farming here? 412: #1 oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 I mean would you consider yourself # sort of a farmer 412: And they would get dissociated from it, even if they'll quit farming himself I, uh Oh, I don't know, I get all the {D: SDM} material and I get the Mississippi material and the Florida material and the Georgia material and get a little North Carolina then from time to time I'll order special things right now, for example, I'm going to order this new book from {D: Iowa} on the the history of agriculture going back to the seventeen hundreds I believe, comes forward to well, maybe nineteen hundred anyway, it's just been announced and I believe that {NS} motion, piece or side to order it Interviewer: okay, uh, how about your parents' education? 412: Papa, uh, went what was through what was called the eighth grade in his day, but it must've amounted to a a co- not a college education, a high school education Now momma never did get any farther than uh I think about what was called the fifth grade in, in her day Interviewer: okay 412: Schooling was hard to come by uh, seventy-five years ago, uh Interviewer: yes 412: uh When Papa, he, he quit after the eighth grade he had gone to Dublin, Georgia and lived a year with his oldest brother but in that eighth grade, he was taking subjects that I think we get until eleventh, twelfth grade so it hadn't been too many years, well it's been a long time for the average youngster but in in my thinking it hadn't been too many years since we only had eleven grades for high school sometimes I'm not sure that it wouldn't be just as well off if we didn't have eleven now I hear a lot of these twelfth {D: racking} and complaining about the nothing to do the last year this is sorta, a feeling that {D: my daughters} down at Enterprise have now Interviewer: You mean that they may feel there's nothing being taught or 412: Well for example, uh there, there are two children one boy and one girl Bill is the younger of the two and he finished, uh last year, and Sidney's already in college and Bill seems to feel that uh what he's getting now just saw him, as he said to me the other day is kind of a review of what they've done and I, {D: i mean} I get it the state high schools and the colleges have worked out a plan whereby if a youngster can pass {D: a certain} uh test he no longer has to get a high school certificate Interviewer: You mean to go to college? 412: yeah Interviewer: You mean like a general education development well they have one in Illinois called the GED 412: #1 Well I mean, you made that, uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 General education, and development # 412: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Well # 412: Apparently this is a trend that I hadn't known much about until the last year or two but apparently it is a trend now actually in high school I went a one full year this was um last year, the senior year and the two middle years were the two flu years and I remember that we were out of school two months and all of a sudden just closed down and then the next year, I don't, I don't remember how long it was closed down but I know the first year I quit school in March to help Papa farm. So I got about two years of high school, no no it'd be near two and a half, really of high school and then my first year in college, uh, we were on the quarter system and uh I didn't attend a single class the last quarter, I Dr. {D:Dow, Dows, bright dows} simply let me take the examination Interviewer: Now, when you were younger though you didn't, you didn't, you lived and worked on the farm 412: uh, no Well, I worked on the farm, worked uh, with Papa We were living in old {X} when I was in grammar school And I got a good foundation in grammar school {D: No, no other sub} had a good this was a new school new principal I'm sure uh, we had teaching and training above average Now my brother, he um, he started out bee-hiving he didn't get nearly as good a background as I did Interviewer: hmm You think the like, the educational systems uh, you sort of indicated earlier that you thought maybe the educational systems uh, grammar schools, high school systems were kind of coming down from where they were uh, years ago 412: #1 In qual- in quality # Interviewer: #2 You mean, in number of years? # 412: Well, we, we had a we had a lot of poor schools and uh I guess I'd have to say that a lot of kids before busing days and we didn't really have a busing system until the thirties, even for some of the whites it was hard for a lot of youngsters to get a high school education unless they'd come into town and live with Aunt Sally uh, uh, spend the week with Uncle Jim uh, somebody else in the family, or some close friend the number of our people right through here got their high school training that way and that's probably what I did even when I was an old {X} spent boarding with a cousin but, as we gradually got, uh busing uh and better roads, we didn't have any roads {X} thirty-five which was just forty years ago Interviewer: What kind of roads did you have when you were a 412: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {D:young one around here} # 412: In this area I used to say we got stuck in the sand when it was dry and stuck in the mud when it was wet and that's not far from the truth Interviewer: Yeah 412: but up in the Red Hills uh they were in pretty good shape when it was dry except, that ol' red dust but when it was raining, well they had a problem Interviewer: The first roads that came through were they like a black top, or concrete, or what 412: No no, no at first roads were gravel top Interviewer: Gravel top... 412: {X} gravel surface and actually I think if we looked into the records I've got piles on it upstairs see Old Senator Bankhead and the father the second Bankhead he was given credit, given credit for the building or the initiation and helping to establish that decent road system that we began to build on I guess around nine- between nineteen hundred and nineteen ten Well, uh, sort of a sand clay was what they started with and then they well and I'm sure there were spots where they built gravel roads {X} then, uh sort of a gravel, uh type of, the, the clays and sands in here better than others for road, uh I coulda shown you down at the museum this morning. We using a type of sand and clay off of that hill out there that just packs down and becomes almost as hard as a floor, well listen they learn where there were deposits of that sort of sort and so that's what they'd use to surface a road and then came along with gravel, and uh uh {X}, maybe and then uh, actually except for limited errors in a town, larger towns and cities we didn't have any roads about thirty-five Interviewer: hmm Even the towns, the towns that developed, uh streets and roads 412: #1 Yeah, well # Interviewer: #2 fairly early on, you mean that # 412: I'd say right here that uh Auburn and Opelika they had any number of just plain dirt streets dirt surface streets uh in, in fairly modern times goodness alive, uh You shoulda seen Auburn uh fifty fifty-five years ago when our class entered {D: four twenty} You wouldn't believe it how bad it was compared to today {NW} You, did you look at that picture on the bulletin board on #1 Auburn in nineteen hundred? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 I looked uh, well it, it # 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 it, uh # Well, I didn't get a good uh, picture, uh view, a feel of the streets but 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 but, uh you know # 412: #1 I guess, yeah, yeah if you # Interviewer: #2 it looks a lot different # 412: If I'd been there, if I'd thought about it, I'd have pointed it out to you See Auburn didn't even have a bank till nineteen seven Interviewer: Wow 412: And then they had one telephone, two telephones, I believe In nineteen two or nineteen three Interviewer: Was, uh, Opelika the main commercial center all all the way through, or 412: Uh, since seventy about seventy-two And assumed that it was evidence that there was gonna be a railroad junction there it, it continued to {X} Opelika, actually it wasn't in Opelika at the time, {X} Loachapoka no {X} It was a {X} little community Known as Lebanon, this was Interviewer: Lebanon? 412: Lebanon, this was uh Sort of the heart of the a Methodist church known as Lebanon was a sort of the pivot, or And I'm told this was one of my friends that told me the other day I tried to help him with his family genealogy he's uh been associated with this TV tape development apparently importantly he was telling me that his guest house there on Opelika, on the South side {NS} is supposed to have been the exact spot of the {NS} tradings No, that was the exact spot for the Post office, I believe, uh one of the Post Offices is just sort of a staged {X} and then at the trading center, I believe or the no, it wouldn't have been the trading center Oh the trading post! was out where his guest house is and this is out just on the edge of that uh industrial complex on the South, um yeah the trading post was um by his guest house and then if you go straight through the woods and uh uh Charles' property You'd come to Lebanon in about a half a mile, there's a marker there and this is where the post stop was Interviewer: I'm just curious, uh since we're doing sort of a language study and one thing we usually ask is {NW} Do, do you think that that the language has uh drastically changed much I mean, you know that the type of language people tend to speak now though the proper language, you know the language that people, uh, consider proper at a at a time, or even the, the what you might call, the average, uh language, or the common language 412: Well, I think in this area this has been probably a continuous process I've seen a lot of change since I was interested see one of my fortes was English and I've always liked it and of course as I got into this field of journalism and writing it became more and more important but there, there's been a lot of change uh there's been a great change among our negro people they speak much more good in this {X} and, uh in days gone by there are more negro enunciations, or pronunciations if you please uh among the whites than there is today you know whites and blacks don't rub elbows as much as they once did Interviewer: hmm So there is somewhat of a change? 412: Oh yeah, there's been a big change Interviewer: What do you think about the language that you hear, like on TV, or something like is that, is that very much different than uh 412: Oh, I'm I think I'm biased against TV and I get irritated with TV English every time I listen to a program over a night's period For example, {NS} I think it's just stupidity every script writer apparently for TV has the phrase "I understand" to talk back, or answer back to certain types of uh questions that might come up regardless of whether it's a shooting or a a marriage, or whatever "I understand" Well that's asinine to me I don't believe any of our folks would have that sort of a stock phrase uh they'd say, maybe if it was within a family, "Mm-hmm" or, uh #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 You, you mean an, as an affirmative someone said # 412: #1 yeah, mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 and, they said "well I understand" # 412: No, this TV saying, #1 "I understand" # Interviewer: #2 Oh, oh # 412: And I'd say, if it's within the family and among people you knew you'd say "Mm-hmm" something like that as affirmative uh, if it is a person maybe on business and he wanted your opinion, you'd say, "Well, I think so" That's probably right Phrase I usually use is usually includes "right" in "that's about right" "I think you are right" something like, but this idea of every person, uh No matter what his state in life say "I understand" they about all the niggers, you know Interviewer: Yeah 412: Well that, they just didn't make any sense Interviewer: you ever heard anybody say something like, uh "Well that's right" and then after they'd say something like after they'd say, after well let's say a person's trying to convince someone else 412: #1 yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 of an argument or point, and you would say # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 "Now you agree with that # 412: #1 yeah, yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 don't you," or, or, "That's right, ain't it" or something like that # Yeah? 412: Yeah Interviewer: Now that's, that's more of the like good questions in a book 412: Uh You might not I think, saying it today, you wouldn't use "ain't" much as often uh uh You, you might say it this way "Doesn't that about sound like you think?" or isn't that about what you think Interviewer: Someone, uh, some people might say, uh, "That's right" uh, or, or "I'm right, am I not?" or 412: yeah #1 yeah, yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 You might've heard that... yeah # Okay, back to this questionnaire Uh, what was the occupation of your parents? 412: Uh Well, Mama was always a homemaker and Papa was always a farmer and Papa, Papa was a good civic leader too He had a strong temper And a strong sense of justice and injustice and uh this led him, I think, to make some decisions, that uh maybe if he'd have thought 'em over a little bit more he wouldn't have done but if he thought I don't care if it was a blackish nigger or the um wealthiest white man if he thought he was being wrongly treated uh that was his opinion and I inherited a lot of that myself and I find it in the family pretty much in all of our close family, I hadn't rubbed elbows enough with distant cousins to find out how far it's reached there uh I think I made some decisions over my lifetime simply by inheriting that same trait I'm not bragging on myself it just just the way your mind runs uh, for example, um Papa been leading a sun- a superintendent Sunday school and leading the lodge We had a Woodmen of the World I think it's still organized {X} {D: dead after this air} Interviewer: What was the name of that again? 412: Woodmen of the World Interviewer: Woodmen? 412: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that like a- a Now is that, is that a professional group? uh 412: #1 mm, well it was a secret order # Interviewer: #2 or was it # oh, oh, okay. 412: We've got one or two tombstones out here in the cemetery Woodmen of the World markers Well he was, uh, I've forgotten what they taught me in {X} he was a head the lodge But things came up, that, uh he thought weren't fair and uh, weren't right and uh he resigned as Sunday School superintendent he got out of the lodge eventually And I can look back on my own career and I I can see some things happening, also was a something of a warning to me to be careful, uh, uh think, think it over twice {NW} {NS} Interviewer: I think we all have, I know I have traits like that I 412: yeah Interviewer: there's some parts of my uh, I respect my grandfather on my mother's side 412: #1 Mm-hmm, mm-hmm, mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 a great deal. He's from Kentucky and he's backwoods # But there are aspects about him that I have to be very careful about because, uh I can see 'em in me and they're not pretty 412: yeah #1 yeah {NW} # Interviewer: #2 yeah {NW}, okay, uh # How about the uh, your maternal grandparents, do you uh, uh, where were they, they born, you know, education, just 412: #1 Uh, well # Interviewer: #2 general background # 412: On grandma Finch's side the family has been in here well, since anybody ever got here these were the tailors over {D: Todo-amnesa} Well little bit north of {D: Nelson} {X} and north of Baron's crossroads they were members of that {X} from the Baptist church, but The Finches, we haven't been able to find much about Grandpa yet uh his daughters ain't very particular and always said he was nice I mean he probably was he had something of a appearance of an Irishman uh That's about all I ever knew, he didn't have but one sister and she didn't have but one daughter and she had no children so the only lineage left of Grandpa's family is is his immediate descendants Interviewer: hmm 412: {NW} Interviewer: And, and you think they might've been originally, uh Irish 412: I think grandpa Finch was, not grandma, uh Tailor's you know, could be most anything, that, they could be Scots or Interviewer: yeah 412: Could be English I don't think they could be Welsh But there's so many Tailors You you find it hard to separate them out I haven't even tried to get back at my great-great-grandfather Interviewer: Hmm You ever heard of the, uh people in the South they have a name "Tailor" and they change it to Sitaris 412: #1 No... no # Interviewer: #2 The Latin word for Tailor? # I ran across that once, I thought it was kind of strange to have a name like Sitaris, which is Latin 412: #1 Uh-huh, uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 For tailor, you know # 412: #1 No, I, I know that # Interviewer: #2 No? # 412: #1 changed # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 412: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # Uh, um, how old is your, uh how old is your wife, sir? Or would you mind I ask? 412: No, she doesn't mind, uh Sally'd be uh Seventy... I- seventy-one. Sally'll be sixty-nine in January Interviewer: And she's also Methodist? 412: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 Both of you # 412: #1 Now she comes from # Interviewer: #2 And um # 412: An old-time Scots Presbyterian family on her father's side Interviewer: okay 412: {D: what's all believe} what is to be will be And I got to {D: kid 'em} one day and I said um "So if you believe that, why aren't you willing to fly, to ride a plane?" He didn't like plane flying at all I said "If, if you going to die where from a plane flight you're going to die anyway." He said, "Yeah but the Lord just didn't intend for me to get up in the plane to start with!" {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That was, that was on a # Who was it that said that, now? 412: This is Sally's father Interviewer: oh 412: That's, that's where the Scots Presbyterian #1 Side, yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 All the predestination, yeah # 412: #1 Ordination # Interviewer: #2 or # 412: #1 and predestination # Interviewer: #2 right # 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I didn't, I just now caught the connection {NW} # {NW} uh, is, uh her family from this area too? Are they from Mount Si- 412: No, uh Mister old Stanley was from North Georgia but we found him in the Revolution We just hadn't gone back far enough yet to get the uh, lines, this is the next job I set for myself now mm, uh Sally's mother's people were German {B} And we don't know when they came to this country at least I don't think any of Sally's immediate family ever knew they, they were in the Talladega area for a good many years You know what Talladega is? Interviewer: No I don't, sir 412: Well it's due north of here, it's a part of the old creek session Talladega itself is a county seat off Talladega county it's about, uh about seventy miles southeast of Birmingham Interviewer: okay What about, now, how, how much education how high did your wife go? 412: uh, she finished her first year of college Interviewer: Okay {NS} And she has uh, uh {NS} social contacts or clubs the {X} 412: Yes, uh I guess She and one or two other ladies are the only members of several of the Auburn clubs Sally belongs to the D-A-R she belongs to the uh Daughters of the Confederacy she was eighteen years a member of the county school board Interviewer: okay the school board that's on tape.. so I guess I'll write it down too Alright, uh basically, now you said you built this house, or at least you helped design it, I guess did you design it? 412: Well one of my classmates drew it and of course we worked with him we trust in him he gave us a fine design he did originally designed a French provincial it was to be so much more expensive than this type that we took well we really sorta condensed a French provincial you are familiar with that style, the wings you know well actually we just kinda squeezed in uh Interviewer: Well, um now what we sometimes do here, show you uh, do it {X} is uh perhaps maybe a wrong one um 412: okay okay Interviewer: Here's a good, uh, a real brief sketch of the 412: #1 yeah, yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 place in the back of the picture here so # Uh, I can get you, what you call the Truman 412: Alright, well this is very simple It's um, it's a ten room {NS} well the sun, ten-room house with a sun porch knew, I'm sure you recognized the sun porch is over here sun porch then the kitchen then we make it kitchen dining room except for when we're having formal meals Interviewer: Okay, now this is an upstairs-downstairs, this is two-story, right? 412: yeah Interviewer: Does it have a basement? 412: No, we wish we'd put a basement in but those were rough days and we were trying to save everything we could Interviewer: Okay, uh The room that we're sitting in right now, what, what do you call this 412: #1 Well this is a # Interviewer: #2 room? # 412: customary den uh, what we'd kinda call a den, you know Interviewer: Okay 412: This was a bedroom for us at one time Interviewer: okay Would you have called this a den, or would, uh your parents have called it a den? 412: I don't know what we would've called this, you see when I was growing up the family the bedroom may have been your sitting room, usually the parlor was a guest bedroom and, uh then your sitting room might be anywhere uh I don't Interviewer: might've- 412: I'm trying to think how many homes I could think of that had what we would call a parlor which woulda been without a, without better accommodations but, the old home place we considered the the guest bedroom the parlor but when neighbors and friends came to see us we usually would sit in, in, Mama and Papa's bedroom which of course a great big room, eighteen by eighteen high ceilings, that sort of thing Interviewer: I wonder, wonder if you'd have a a two uh, a great many relatives visit you in an older place like that, you didn't have enough beds or rooms or couches for everybody to sleep on Did you ever lay something on the floor for 'em'? 412: oh, yeah Interviewer: What, what'd you call that? 412: Well, we called it a pallet, usually uh Course they were trundle beds too we never had one but it wasn't uncommon uh, just rolled 'em under the bed uh and then you might just put a mattress down on the floor! and in the summertime, you just maybe give a youngster a pillow and a sheet or something over the floor and that was it but I also have vivid memories still of going to visit cousins and when we were small we'd sleep feet to feet and I guess I've slept with as many as four in a bed Interviewer: huh that's quite a few 412: Two at the #1 head, you know and two at the feet # Interviewer: #2 Two, {X}, yeah # 412: at the foot of the bed and then you'd have two with the heads at the foot board and two at the headboard {NW} Interviewer: Incredible 412: {NW} Interviewer: Alright now, we've got the den here and the kitchen and that's, the you, the sun porch 412: #1 yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 beyond the kitchen that's over here # 412: yeah Interviewer: Does it take up the um, uh, whole side with the dining room too? 412: Yeah, the dining room wall uh, is a wall also for the sun porch Interviewer: okay 412: Now You'll have to keep in mind that that's an offset Interviewer: right 412: and that wall let's see Interviewer: This is the basic sketch, anyway, I'm thinking of something like this 412: Well, wait a minute, I think I show it better here and then you decide how you want it Interviewer: oh, okay 412: {X} Interviewer: {NS} Or if you wanna just sketch it here, yourself 412: Well, uh-oh Interviewer: Oh, that's alright {NW} 412: See here's your, here's your south wall {NS} and that comes all the way across now Come in! Interviewer: Oh, that's okay 412: Hey, David, how are you doing? auxilliary: Fine, that's that's my brother 412: Good to see you! {B} David {B} #1 Hey, how are you? # auxilliary: #2 {X} # 412: #1 Listen # auxilliary: #2 It's fine # 412: {B} Here auxilliary: oh It started sprinkling, I thought I'd 412: #1 Thank you, {X}, well you gotta letter! # auxilliary: #2 come over # 412: #1 # auxilliary: #2 # 412: #1 What, did you want another, more? # auxilliary: #2 We got a lot of {X} # 412: #1 # auxilliary: #2 # 412: #1 Well I, # auxilliary: #2 We might get more, if it doesn't stop raining # 412: #1 Is it? # auxilliary: #2 It's just sprinkling now, I'm not thinking of the rain much # 412: #1 Well, take a long {X}, if you want to Thomas # auxilliary: #2 okay # 412: #1 # auxilliary: #2 {NW} # 412: #1 Winding to go # auxilliary: #2 {X} {NW} # 412: #1 {X} # auxilliary: #2 It'd sure help # 412: #1 # auxilliary: #2 # 412: Uh, y'all have a seat, unless you're getting ready to leave auxilliary: {X} 412: Alright {NW} You can just go ahead in the- there's nothing in it truck- Tommy! auxilliary: yes? 412: Are those peaches- apples all, and the corn all out? auxilliary: Uh, Alex's apples are still in there and then the squash is in there 412: Well, oughta take the squash out, and the peaches out auxilliary: I think so 412: Well, how about in the cab? auxilliary: Oh I don't know about the cab, I'll check and get it 412: Alright Interviewer: okay 412: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 Now this is your son? # 412: #1 We do our cemetery on contract # Interviewer: #2 oh # 412: What David and Tommy been working with me for a long time together And they been taking the contract jointly but right now Tommy sorta has by itself by himself and uh I don't think he likes it too much {NW} working out there by himself Interviewer: Right, while I was when, {NW} when I was out there earlier 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 he was # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 cutting # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 'Course now there was someone else # 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 over on the other side, {X} I guess it was just a family plot # 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 they were cutting # trimming up uh uh That's quite an area. 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 I mean that's.. plus you have to, a lot of um # 412: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 close and you have to be careful not to run into # 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 some of the older stones # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 So # 412: Yeah we've got about three acres in that cemetery proper hmm Interviewer: I can empathize with that because I used to have to cut two acres in place we lived in 412: yeah Interviewer: And that was just square, you know 412: Yeah #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Maybe a few trees and no stones # Gets to be quite a job 412: Yeah {NW} {NW} Um, well and he {NS} Yeah, I'm {X} show you this thing Now Now up here on the front side the wall is also straight, like that but here's your offset for you porch your front porch entrance Interviewer: okay 412: and really this would be open here then you see here's about the way this works Let's see now, this should be there and then See now {NW} {X} Well this is divided half and half I think I got my proportions a little off Interviewer: That's okay. 412: But that's about right cuz it only space we got here is the door and here's your here's your kitchen And this is the den, this is the bedroom, I've got this too short again {X} And then over here you see we've got the bedroom wall here matching that but we've also got the bathroom, you see, built in here uh Well let's see We've got to come off a little bit each one this is your little Annie room or hall and here'd be your bathroom I've got this too long, this is these are fifteen by thirteen as I remember, both of these are bedroom and then this is a bathroom here and this is a little Annie room right there and then this is this one here is a twenty-two by fifteen plus the stay away here it goes upstairs and here's your fireplace This was originally designed for a three-way fireplace We never used it, we closed this one up this would've been in the kitchen and this is, we always use this one when having our Christmas Eve party and family gathering and that sort of thing and then uh We use this fireplace, we got the heat pump system but we use this fireplace just because we like it and also it's cost-saving, money saving. We got plenty of old hickory, and pine, and everything else This is too long too much elongated here and Interviewer: okay 412: But this is twenty-two by fifteen and I've forgotten what the proportions here are I wish you would look Interviewer: Yeah, it's starting to rain 412: Blow me down This, this I think is about between ten and eleven feet there and I think it says the same thing here Let's see, thirty-five thirty this number's about thirty The span of the house is thirty-five and a half the beams in the front room are span the entire house Now thirty-five and a half feet and the walls thirty-six Um That'd be thirty The net the net space in here counting inside walls would be about thirty-two five Recognizing that your outside walls are eighteen inches Interviewer: okay And this is uh, like a bathroom 412: Yeah Yeah, and then there the upstairs bathroom and was built of course, right over this same design but the rest of it is rather different Interviewer: Okay, now, what, what would you call this room here, sir? 412: What is it? #1 We call it # Interviewer: #2 This room, this twenty-two by # 412: the living room Interviewer: Okay Would you call it that, uh old, uh, the older 412: Well #1 No # Interviewer: #2 The, that you would call # 412: With us, that time is just virtually just a pin Some people have parlors but we don't think of that in the old sense of "parlor" Interviewer: Okay And this is, uh What room is this? 412: That's our bedroom family bedroom Interviewer: And this room over here? 412: That's a guest bedroom. Right now it's a my second study got so much material piled up in there for the museum and personal material Interviewer: Okay and the upstairs is, uh 412: Well, the upstairs is um just a think of it as the same basically, you got your opening, you see here only a porch So you got your same thing {NS} And you got that {NS} bathroom immediately sitting on this bathroom Interviewer: okay 412: Except there also is another factor in here now I'll just draw this in, this should be open here but here's your bathroom and then here is a storage closet, right in here and then under under this then this would be a sort of a low attic here Well, here's your trend thing but we've got this battery, uh closets now run down to here and then the whole heat pump cooling and heating system is right in Well I shouldn't have shown it to you just Well it's gonna be too many right in here that's right over yonder over there sun porch, sun then on this, here's my this really is my study now, right here uh the one that's right in the center and this just about centers the study And this is set up as a library type study and then over here is a storage room for books and magazines and records and so on Interviewer: okay 412: Then if you remember the, keep the chimney in mind now here's a bedroom here's a bedroom and then, this is a little bit well it's not that much larger either this is When the children are all at home, this is Bill's room this was Peggy's and Ruthanne's room And this was Patricia's room She was our youngest child fourth child Interviewer: So you got three bedrooms, this 412: Mm-hmm Interviewer: okay 412: #1 Yeah, and this is # Interviewer: #2 I just need a basic, uh # 412: Your stair, here, of course that I've shown here open Interviewer: Okay, stairway 412: yeah And there wouldn't be enough offset here of course, I've drawn the bathroom a little too long be an offset here so, uh, so you got a door right there And that's counter balanced over here, we've got another closet actually right in here and then you walk away to get at this closet you come in from this side Interviewer: okay, that's fine Alright uh, now Get down here, just Start off and see how far we get now A lot of the things, in the discussion we've talked about You've already mentioned many of the items 412: #1 Mm-hmm, mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 So that's one reason I've asked you certain questions # Now I'm trying to, uh 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Expedite things, just a little bit # Um, and uh You, you I think you said, uh you were talking about the chimney 412: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah Would you, uh just out of curiosity, would you call a, you know, like a fa- on a factory, where maybe like a brick yard or something where they have ovens 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 And the tall brick # Uh chimney, they have a, would you call that a chimney too? 412: Well Interviewer: Okay Uh 412: Now there, there is a distinction in a home chimney we still use 'em to the extent that you're gonna You'd speak of a stack chimney which would be a multiple-opening chimney #1 Which this is # Interviewer: #2 Is that a # Like, now this one has three openings? 412: Yeah it has two, now, we close up one Interviewer: The one in the kitchen? 412: Yeah Interviewer: Oh 412: Uh That would be a stack chimney well, just a single chimney would be that is, for a single room or a single outlet you call that a single chimney, maybe #1 Or just say chimney # Interviewer: #2 Now # Right On, on, now on this one was it originally open all the way through to three 412: #1 No, no # Interviewer: #2 three rooms? # 412: #1 No, no # Interviewer: #2 Or you use # I've seen some, you know, that you they just have open space to two rooms built one fire for two, but that seems 412: I don't believe we have that type down here You'd always separate, you'd have a wall here as we have a fire- firebrick wall Interviewer: Alright I noticed that it's that way Uh, uh what, what do you call the, uh, the open place in the that brick place in front of that fireplace, there, the open place in the floor 412: You mean the hearth? Interviewer: Yes, sir 412: Yeah Interviewer: Okay How about in the, in the fireplace the things that you lay the wood across? What do you call those? 412: Well you call them andirons or fire-dogs or something else, depending on what they were Interviewer: You, uh have any, uh, ever heard of any uh older pronunciations or any other names for those things? 412: Mm Not off hand Interviewer: Okay Uh, uh how about the the piece above your fireplace, there what your clock's sitting on 412: Well that's always been the mantle Interviewer: Okay Okay, now the, again I'm, these are the questions that are said 412: Yeah #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 If you ever, if you want to elaborate on any # 412: #1 Alright # Interviewer: #2 one of these, just stop and start # 412: #1 Alright # Interviewer: #2 Any in cut dialog you want # 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Alright, uh, how about uh when you uh bring a, a piece of wood in to put in your fireplace? piece of wood about that long maybe that big around, what would you call that? 412: Well, likely if it was any size at all, as you say here, that'd be a stick of wood #1 Piece of wood, maybe would be smaller # Interviewer: #2 A stick of wood? # Okay What about, uh, uh 412: #1 A log, if a log got big enough, you might say, # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 412: "They'll put the log on, put that log on the fire." Interviewer: How, how big would a piece of would have to be to be a log? 412: Well, if it were cut from a whole tree you'd be inclined to call it a log even if it said wasn't any bigger than that Interviewer: Well, what is that, six, seven, eight inches? 412: Yeah uh Ordinarily, if you had split wood even if it was heavy You, you might not call it a log Interviewer: Just a piece of wood, or 412: Yeah #1 Now let's # Interviewer: #2 Now I've # 412: put that big piece on the fire Interviewer: Uh, um, the reason I'm curious about this is Mis- both mr Warret and mr Gallette, uh uh would not I couldn't get them to elicit, "log" 412: #1 Mm-hmm. Well, I # Interviewer: #2 Like, any large, even a large piece, they always said "piece of wood" # 412: have to say that in our family, I believe we thought of logs more often uh, because they were round and then just cut from the whole piece but if it were a tremendous thing, you might say "Well, put that log on" just because of it's size Interviewer: Ah hmm That's interesting What about, uh, what do you use to start a fire with, kinda what do you use to start a fire? 412: Well {NW} That's an interesting thought uh uh #1 You wanna take time to allow me # Interviewer: #2 Sure! # 412: Well When we were growing up my brother and I when we moved back from {D: Northern suburbs to} beehive, to the home place There were old lightwood and that's about the way we'd say it you, if you wanna be exact, you'd say "lightwood" Interviewer: Lightwood 412: Stumps These were the old dead stumps from the long leaf heart pine, and they were just as fat as could be still just as sound as a dollar Interviewer: What, excuse me, what do you mean by, uh fat, when you're talking about, you're talking about the sap in them? 412: Not sap #1 The very opposite of sap # Interviewer: #2 Oh the.. the # 412: #1 would be the rosin. Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 the ro- yeah, the hardened # 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, I'm sorry # 412: And it didn't take much you see, of that sort of kindling to start a fire Well, for fifty years I've been expecting all this to play out and that gets sort of comical to me, that and we still got a lot of lightwood and we keep some, here I'll show you, great big stump right out here we haven't even split it yet but we get so much third-class mail #1 That today I can take # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 412: the limbs, if, that's another oddity never thought of it as a boy I said to Sally here last winter wonder if a man had any size pecan grow All he had to do, to uh be ready for his fire in the morning was just save all his dead limbs which just fall off plus the paper waste paper that comes down through the mail every day and that that's about the way we built a fire Interviewer: {NW} 412: #1 And we'll save scrap # Interviewer: #2 So you # 412: #1 wood and half rotten wood # Interviewer: #2 Right # 412: No good for anything else, wanna get rid of it Alright, I never thought about, I guess there's probably enough paper around to #1 Oh, Lord # Interviewer: #2 Start any fire you need # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 412: It, it's amazing now of course we probably get more I know we get more than the average family but we don't get any more than I've {NS} seen a number of families in this community Interviewer: Hmm What now, now, if you've earned uh, say some oak or hickory some real good, hard 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Wood # Uh, uh What, what would you uh what would be the residue that would be left in the bottom, you know, after the fire went dead 412: Well it'd be ashes, whether it was pine, or oak or anything else Interviewer: Would there be any color differences in the ashes? 412: uh, yeah, I think you could distinguish it if you've lived around it there's a difference in the auxilliary: They got the tractor, I need to get the keys, said it's gonna work 412: Oh, yeah, that is Tommy, I believe, right in there It's uh you know it's that sort of, aluminum like I think that's it, isn't it? {NS} auxilliary: Think so 412: It's, it's a little short key auxilliary: I think this is it {NS} I don't know where you're gonna keep them {X} cuz you have after 412: Yeah, sure would, Billy, he didn't wait, did he? auxilliary: I'm gonna tell him to try, to fit, uh That's your lawn mower 412: Yeah auxilliary: #1 I think {NS} {X} # auxilliary: #2 I did get you {X} # auxilliary: #1 Of course I {X}, that's your size belt # auxilliary: #2 I didn't get it in # and this is your length 412: #1 Mm-hmm, {X} # auxilliary: #2 This one is, four {X} # Course that's That's a gates built 412: #1 Mm-hmm, mm-hmm # auxilliary: #2 they number them differently # Just got, see it takes two of them and one of these 412: Mm-hmm auxilliary: Just got them numbered if you, well you can get that belt cross {X} back to 412: Alright How much I owe you, Bill? auxilliary: Don't owe me nothing 412: Well, you had to pay for it! auxilliary: {X} {X} 412: {NW} {NS} auxilliary: {X} three twenty-nine 412: Yeah auxilliary: {X} four twenty-nine Want me to give you a discount up there? Letting me do your buying 412: I don't know whether it did not {D: Die} does but I, I'm not sure they do auxilliary: That's the best price, four twenty-nine cause {X} 412: Yeah auxilliary: about twenty-five percent {X} {X} {X} to {X} wood {NS} 412: {X} {B} This morning, she been trying to find somebody to let her have vegetables each week, she's been accustomed apparently, for a number of years, to have a regular person from whom she'd get vegetables {D: French is} ninety-seven worked with her closely together she and I were classmates Interviewer: Hmm 412: High school days We weren't going to sell her any vegetables, and I still don't intend to keep it up but she can't find a supplier so We finally agreed that after we'd sent her two weeks of vegetables that We'd let her pay something so she wouldn't feel too bad about it and that's what she paid us today She put in a dollar too much, Sally auxilliary: Well I bet she did! 412: Did, she put five dollars and forty-five cents auxilliary: She, she told me on the phone she says, I'm not gonna come and get them unless she let me pay 412: #1 then # auxilliary: #2 Yeah # I said, "Well, Frances, we just don't want you to," she said, "Well I won't get them then." 412: Well I, I tried to price them about half what they are at retail, but I said to Sally when she left this morning, I suspect that think she got would be, uh twelve to fifteen dollars, and I priced these two at four forty-five but she put in a dollar extra {NW} {NW} auxilliary: {X} 412: {NW} auxilliary: And everything is packaged in little cartons, you know, and covered with cellophane and the average person, like they're retired, and they're ill they don't want that many things at one time, they just want one or two and they won't sell them like that Interviewer: Yeah auxilliary: And a lot of people in Auburn that are elderly people, that are retired it seems to me like somebody would've thought of that and catered to those people 412: It does auxilliary: #1 Yeah, or something # Interviewer: #2 Like a fruit stand or something # 412: #1 Yeah # auxilliary: #2 Yeah, and you know, and and # 412: #1 Mm-hmm # auxilliary: #2 They could buy just the quantity they wanted # Instead of having to buy a prepackaged little carton Interviewer: Well, I get, I guess it's another way to charge a little more, you know it's 412: Yeah, I think it is Well you see for example this morning, trying to get ready, knew she was coming, of course and I finally concluded that the best way to give her some tomatoes was get three nice ones, give her one full ripe one half ripe, and one just tiny So that maybe this will last {X} next Saturday when she comes back again Interviewer: Ah yeah 412: And corn, of course, you got a dozen ears, well they'll eat one or two a day probably two if #1 they eat one a piece. Yeah # auxilliary: #2 And Amanda, {X} freezer # 412: #1 {D: Anna Banks} # auxilliary: #2 # Her husband has recently had heart surgery and other surgery too, and He was, he's real bad fixing to, now {X} can't eat anything but fresh vegetables cooked dinner uh Pyrex double boiler without any grooves in it #1 Mm # Interviewer: #2 And so that's why she likes these # auxilliary: special kind of vegetables, it's chicken {X} especially Interviewer: Huh That's uh uh, my uh, Grandmother had a gallbladder operation, she had to eat just totally bland food cooked like that for well she still got to 412: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And that could be very uh unpleasant, I guess 412: yeah yeah Interviewer: I don't mind this, at all, because 412: #1 {NW}, Alright, alright # Interviewer: #2 Because I'm gonna, this and running out here anyway, just gonna turn it over, yeah # Matter of fact, I think I might I don't know how much time we got, oh we got a little bit left uh see okay Uh, what do you call, what do you call this, uh, item over here the 412: You mean the chair? Interviewer: yes I'm just eliciting certain pronunciations 412: Well What'd you think I say, "chair?" Interviewer: Well I don't know Uh 412: Now this I may, I remember give you some uh dialect pronunciation from our Red Hill people as we go along if I think but {NS} mr Delaware {NS} would've said "chair" I believe, Sally Interviewer: Chair? 412: Chair Interviewer: chair {C: pronunciation} With kind of an A sound on it? 412: No, a double E Interviewer: Chair {C: pronunciation} auxilliary: #1 Like, chee # Interviewer: #2 Oh, chee # 412: #1 Chair # Interviewer: #2 Chair # 412: #1 chair # Interviewer: #2 chair # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Oh What do you call, uh, this thing here? 412: #1 Oh I call it # Interviewer: #2 that I'm {X} # 412: Call it all sorts of things {NW} sofa, and sateen lounge {NW} Interviewer: What, uh 412: #1 When you see me stretched out, taking a nap, now that's a good lounge. # Interviewer: #2 What do... lounge # That's why I was about when, when we were at the museum, that that, uh, what you call a 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 sled, uh cow # 412: Sleigh bed Interviewer: Sleigh bed 412: Uh-huh auxilliary: Well the reason that's called a sleigh bed is {X} Interviewer: It's made to look like a sleigh auxilliary: {X} Interviewer: Wh- Would, would the older Would the older people call them anything else, the call this type of furniture, that type of furniture, anything else that you ever heard of? Yeah, there, there was a auxilliary: Called them {D: steptinis} or something 412: yeah #1 I believe it's still # auxilliary: #2 {X} # 412: #1 # auxilliary: #2 # 412: Yeah, uh, the couch That usually was an upholstered, like this is if it was a wicker I don't believe they call it couch Interviewer: What might it be called if it was a wicker? 412: They call it a settee perhaps And oh I think 412: I believe this is me right #1 here, that C-C # Interviewer: #2 C-C right # 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 That stands for Lee County? # 412: Yeah Interviewer: And uh, there's a 412: {NW} Interviewer: It's not, uh, is that basically the way Lee county looks? 412: Yeah Interviewer: Okay so there it is by counties And uh then they have, uh back here you have oh here's Lee then they have it numbered, too so That's how, if you're, you know 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 In case she's interested # 412: #1 Yeah, yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} work we call those grids # uh Okay where'd we leave off oh okay 412: #1 Let me, let me mention # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 412: one other thing to you one of the pronunciations that always irritates me and uh strikes me very quickly whenever I hear it so many so-called educated people use it, and I'm sure I have some pronunciation that, uh strike other educated people irritably but people who say "think" Interviewer: Think or thank? 412: No, neither one "thank" and they're trying to say "think" Interviewer: Oh 412: The president of our company, a well-educated man and our friend all our lifetime, we traveled together worked together forty years he never did break himself of saying "thank" T-H-I-N-K Interviewer: Thank 412: Think That's the way they pronounce it but if you're gonna pronounce it correctly it'd be "think" Interviewer: Yes Think... yeah I can see your point 412: Another thing that uh Doesn't bother me, uh, it used to bother me, a little, think it's a matter of pride or something People dropping their G's Well that no longer bothers me at all but what does bother me is running your words together Whyncha {C: why don't you} Interviewer: whyncha 412: "Why don't you" Yeah that's, well, that's again that you meant the other day and I was here I mentioned I picked up a few bad habits up North and that's speaking a little bit faster that's #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 One of 'em # And I have a tendency to run words myself 412: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh 412: Doncha Interviewer: Doncha 412: Yeah Interviewer: Doncha... I think I say that a lot 412: {NW} Interviewer: I know I say 412: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Okay How about a piece of furniture in a bedroom that has drawers in it and a place where you might put your clothes, what, what would you call that? 412: Uh, I think we'd call that anything from a dresser to chifforobe to a... Aux: chested drawer 412: chested drawers Well, and I believe No, it wouldn't either, chested drawers would be and sometimes uh a {D: chessay} it been on {X} chest like that long one I showed you down at the museum Interviewer: Yes 412: It was grandma Nun's uh Interviewer: And that's what she called it, just a chest? 412: Yeah, chested drawers, uh just a chest If it was made out of cedar you'd usually say, "cedar chest" Interviewer: Nice Now if, if it 412: A clothes chest #1 A quilt chest # Aux: #2 an old crest # 412: #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 # 412: #1 # Aux: #2 We used to call 'em a {X} # 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 long time ago # 412: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: Now, is, is that the type where where, they they have a place, sometimes they have a place for shoes we put in the bottom, or uh 412: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Were they just like a, a war- # 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 # 412: #1 Yeah I think that's right, Sally, I don't # Aux: #2 We have, we got two of those # 412: #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 down there too # 412: #1 # Aux: #2 # 412: I don't believe I've ever seen a chest where they put shoes in it, Sally Not built that way Interviewer: What about one where, you know Where you might have drawers on this side and you have a um, a You know like a closet space on this side 412: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 Maybe a mirror with it too # 412: Well we got one got several in the house, yeah #1 I usually just call that a chifforobe # Interviewer: #2 Yeah do you # chifforobe? okay Um 412: What would, what would you call it? Aux: That's right... well now, you see those down at that museum and that one in that front {X} {X} {X} it has shelves on one side and it has 412: #1 Yeah, yeah # Aux: #2 Hanging space on the other side # And the big one in the back The Joe, came from Joe's it has a hanging space and it has 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 Shelves, too # 412: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 And in the bottom it probably # put shoes if you wanted and then, they didn't have closet space in the house 412: yeah #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 Like they do now, so they use these # 412: Come in! {NS} Did it run? Aux2: It, uh, don't {X} {X} Got along{X} {X} {X} 412: Yeah, yeah Aux2: It's just a little tight {X} 412: Uh-huh Aux2: {X} 412: Okey doke, well I sure do thank y'all Interviewer: okay What do you, what do you call uh uh those things that you pull down to keep the light from coming in your window? 412: You mean the shades? Interviewer: Yeah, you have any special names for those? 412: No I don't know of Interviewer: Okay uh 412: Now, you have draw curtains, and that sort of thing Interviewer: Yeah, but these are Aux: #1 He's talking about Venetian blinds, or, or shades # Interviewer: #2 that might be # Or maybe that might've been an older term word for a Aux: Shutters would be the only thing 412: #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 they use to, uh # keep the light out 412: And that would be a usually a wooden door and affect a wooden window that you in the early days they didn't have even a uh door like that they they had no window and maybe no door they just closed it up Aux: No I'll be a {X} okay 412: {NW} Interviewer: Okay what would you call a little room off the kitchen where you might store your uh canned goods, or china, or something like is it just a little room that you walk into off the kitchen? 412: Well, goodness, I've heard a number of terms for that uh You might call it the storage room or you we used to speak of one room in houses back room Interviewer: Back room? 412: Mm Mama, this is where my brother and I slept when we were growing up but she would store fruit and a lot of other things in there it was a big room, really Now what else might we use Interviewer: Usually had a lot of, I guess, shelves and 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 cabinets and stuff in it # 412: Usually be shelves in it, yeah Man, I don't think of Interviewer: You ever heard of, um, maybe called a, a safe? 412: No no, that's an entirely different matter Interviewer: What would be a safe in your, uh 412: Well in, in the old days and this is when I was a boy {NW} You don't have safes anymore much Except {NS} #1 tax sheet money or your documents or something # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, right # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 412: The old safe, really, was a a wooden structure usually with um, a front tin perforated door Interviewer: Yes 412: Now they are a high price, now, if you can find 'em We haven't yet gotten a good one for The museum Interviewer: Now, one's that I've seen like that is when you put the bakery goods so they cool off, is that the same type of thing? 412: Mm No, this kind of safes that we had in this area were for putting all of your vegetables that you could Well you just didn't have any ice to keep 'em way back then you ate, either ate them up or you didn't keep 'em course there were certain things you could keep, sweet potatoes, let's say baked potatoes, or meats, or some kinds and condiments, or pickles, you could keep all those but you, you just didn't keep at the things it wouldn't take care of themselves, is is Sally may carry it over a weekend Interviewer: Yes 412: Well we ate it that day or we'd we didn't eat it at all if it had any danger botulism or to kill you siren Interviewer: Uh, what would you call a a lot of old worthless things that you that you were about to throw away that you just collecting together and you're gonna throw it all away at one time? 412: Well you might call it junk, you might call it trash {NW} that mess Interviewer: Yeah, you ever heard it called "plunder?" 412: Yeah yeah Interviewer: or uh, or uh, "clutch?" 412: #1 No, uh, no # Interviewer: #2 You ever heard that? Okay # How about, what would you call a room that you use to store, just store odds and ends now it doesn't have any specific use, just 412: Well now that might be the plunder room Interviewer: okay okay How about uh, uh uh, uh What do you use to sweep with to a floor way What do you call that? 412: Well We use various things you know I guess you're talking about a broom Interviewer: okay... Did uh, when you were uh young did you, uh uh, have brooms? 412: #1 Oh yeah, we # Interviewer: #2 Did you, did you make 'em or # 412: Some of 'em did Interviewer: How, how did you make 'em? 412: Brush brooms Interviewer: How were they made? 412: Well you'd usually get all alders down on a branch and uh You tie them together with a cord or some kind of a wire Interviewer: Now what you get, you get what What kind, what do you get on the branch? 412: Alders. A-L-D-E-R-S Interviewer: Alders? 412: This would be to sweep the backyard Interviewer: yes Aux: Now, you made the broom that you swept the house to the {X} {X} 412: Yeah when I was going to, you talking about the broom sedge Yeah I'm gonna come to that Aux: Did you show in one of those down at the museum? 412: No, I didn't Aux: That one of mine is down there 412: Well, uh Have you ever heard of broom sedge #1 Y'all tune in Florida # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, well yes sir I have # Mister Ward told me about it I just wanna see if you uh 412: Well goodness, everybody had Aux: Well I used to have one 412: #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 {X} # 412: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 And then uh # 412: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 We {X} # We planted the {X} you see them long and limber there you can reach out {X} Interviewer: Was that, there what about that long? Aux: Oh, about longer than that Interviewer: What, four feet 412: You get that tall broom sedge Might be way up here real soon up long one but instead of some of that short you know it would be way down like that Interviewer: What about, anywhere from, what three and a half to five feet? 412: Yeah I'd say so Five, let's see I'm nearly six yeah, five would be about right, I'd say Interviewer: You ever find any seven or eight feet tall around here? 412: You mean broom sedge? Interviewer: Yeah 412: No, but I can take you back to that black belt and let you see whole pastures of it Interviewer: but, it's that tall? How does does it get how tall is you've ever seen it uh, get? 412: Well, the tallest I've ever seen is in the black belt Around Montgomery and out West of Montgomery anywhere in that black belt country Interviewer: How tall does it get down there? 412: I'd say We've seen it eight feet all right Goodness, it, it grows but our broom sedge simply doesn't grow that tall almost never, unless it's a very rich place Then it, broom sedge won't grow that long Interviewer: Yeah {NW} okay Uh, how about, now this is kind of a fill in the blank Is it like, uh women, uh, usually or some years ago, anyway, women usually did their what on Monday? 412: you meant their washing? Interviewer: Yes 412: Yeah Uh, that was common practice with Mama Interviewer: Was it fairly common? 412: That's what she used to do, what and Sally in the early days Still do it a good bit Aux: We still wash on Mondays 412: Yeah Interviewer: Uh Aux: If it permits Interviewer: The uh, after, uh After you do the washing and, uh, hanging 'em out to dry and everything like that uh and you got it going and uh and, what do you call that? 412: #1 Well, I iron a press # Interviewer: #2 when you {X} # 412: I don't know what else you'd Fold, someday you just fold 'em and lay 'em away Interviewer: Okay If a door is open and you don't want it that way, what might you tell someone to do with it? 412: Well, it'd depend on who it was and how you felt about 'em Interviewer: {NW} okay 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 If it was # 412: #1 but in any # Interviewer: #2 somebody # 412: case you'd say uh "How about shutting that door?" "Shut that door!" Interviewer: Okay 412: {NW} Interviewer: Okay 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What do you # call it, the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 412: Uh Yeah, I guess you talking about batting board and we used to have a another time for cabins that were built with your boards up and down and then strip like you're talking about I've tried several times lately to remember what we did say and I save my soul, I can't #1 recall it # Interviewer: #2 I think the one you're talking about now are vertical # 412: yeah Interviewer: Alright, and now what about the ones that are horizontal? You call those 412: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: We didn't use batting boards that way Interviewer: Okay, but you used batting boards vertically 412: We'd either use, uh sh- uh, s- uh Not ceiling, uh Well in modern times we used ship lap a good bit and uh, weather boarding, for goodness sake! Interviewer: okay Aux: Clap board, you need to call 'em 412: Yeah, clap boards would be applied a certain, that, that same technique on a certain clapboards we use on the roof but you could use clapboards on the side, you know {NW} Interviewer: o-o-on a roo- on a house that's kind of an L-shaped house, you know and, and the roof comes together What do you call a with the angle With the where the roof comes together, it's like that Do you have a name for that? 412: Um, yeah Used to have I don't think it's in the mind anymore Interviewer: Okay, how about valley, is that a 412: Yeah, valley is valley Interviewer: Yeah, would that be the right term 412: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 Do you think, that you might use? # 412: Yeah Interviewer: Okay um What would you call 412: #1 Now wait a minute, if you're talking about # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: uh, an L-shaped house it wouldn't necessarily be a valley uh Interviewer: Well you know, for just the two angles of the roof would meet with the, with the pitch of the two roofs would be 412: It's, it's sometimes to think would be tied in with a tin hip roof now this could be a hip roof just like this this also an A-roof Interviewer: Yeah 412: I think maybe hip roof would come near she was getting at I'm not sure of that #1 Now would a hip roof # Interviewer: #2 anymore # Now, in Flor- in Florida now, 412: Yeah Interviewer: we call a hip roof uh, similar to a hurricane roof which is uh, uh a roof that has four four sides, four surfaces to it and uh uh, in other words it's it's uh it has a normal pitch from left to right but it also has a pitch on both ends 412: Yeah, I know what you're talking about Papa {X} I both built houses like that uncle how it followed Papa But that's not the only time, the only place where we'd use the term "hip roof" Interviewer: Alright, now how would you use "hip roof" in that, now I'm not too sure about this now 412: Well I'm not sure either, uh in the sense that you're trying to clarify uh you'd say this man put a hip roof on his house uh I don't know any other way we'd use it Interviewer: Okay Uh what about, uh, a building that might be used for storing wood or tools, an outbuilding, what'd you call that? 412: Uh, well, you'd call it a number of things we say here, uh uh well, we don't usually say kindling house, it could be uh We never used it as a tool shed except the keys when we've stored wood in our tool shed but, don't anymore but this little, uh house we've got out here wood house Interviewer: okay 412: right there near well you haven't been out there, I don't think there right next to Jake's pen Interviewer: How about uh uh, what would you what would you used to call outdoor toilets what would you... name for that 412: Well back house for one thing Interviewer: Back house 412: Yeah And of course the old common term that they use, uh usually in public, uh uh TV and so on when these health people get to talking uh uh Aux: Privy 412: Yeah privy Interviewer: Now, wa-was there any, uh uh, uh terms like uh 412: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 you use # for joking, joking around, talking about it You know, in that, you know it's something 412: #1 Y-yeah # Interviewer: #2 that you might be talking about # 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 joke # 412: uh let's see I mentioned back house and outhouse then Sally mentioned privy uh, sure I don't even remember those anymore Interviewer: Okay um well you know, like "johnny" or something like that 412: Yeah, yeah johnny's a common term, mm-hmm Interviewer: mm-kay Do you, uh, think of the word "common" do you have a well, for example someone came out and said, "well he's a common person" would you put a, a certain type of moral judgment on that word? 412: It's, depending on uh setting, I would Interviewer: Yes 412: It might not mean that Interviewer: Right, yeah, uh 412: #1 If you say # Interviewer: #2 In other words # 412: uh "these are the common people" you wouldn't mean that at all Interviewer: Right, but if someone came up and said "he, oh he's just a common man" 412: #1 No, no # Interviewer: #2 Or "he's just a common person" # 412: You'd say, uh "he's common" or "she's common" Uh, I'm not gonna let my children run with bunch of Interviewer: So in that sense, there's kind of a, a value 412: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 placed on it # Okay 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh, this structure's called # A house, two of 'em would be called what? uh 412: #1 you mean two # Interviewer: #2 or three # two or, two or three of these 412: houses? Interviewer: right, okay 412: that's all I ever call 'em Interviewer: Okay, I'm just getting the plural 412: #1 Yeah {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I kinda think we got it # We were talking about a house earlier 412: Yeah Interviewer: See a lot of these are just 412: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 pronunciations, just literally # Um And and what uh, uh what's the big building behind a, a farm, where the hay's stored? and the cattle maybe and 412: Well we usually call it barn but it might be the hay house or the hay barn or could be other things Interviewer: Did you have one on your folks', uh place? 412: Had several Interviewer: okay did what uh, what were all the what, what might you put in, I mean, what all would you put in 'em I mean 412: Well Papa and um and a great many farmers all through this area when they got well enough off would build a barn with a hall in it I think this is what you would've found on most of better established farms In that case you'd usually put your mule or horse stables on one side of the alley and on the other side you might have a cotton-seed house a cotton house before the gin you'd usually have your corn room or corn crib part on the other side you might have a all the fertilizer and seed and your tool room all together and then above you'd have your a loft #1 for your hay # Interviewer: #2 loft? # 412: #1 but you # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever hear it called anything else? # besides a loft? 412: Oh, you'd say Look upstairs and see what you could find Interviewer: Yeah 412: You'd climb up the ladder that was in the hall #1 And that # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever heard # referred to as a "mow" or mow? 412: Sometimes, uh We didn't use that commonly Interviewer: Yeah, okay, I'm sorry Didn't mean to interrupt you I just 412: Now if you had hay in the field, you'd speak of a haystack Interviewer: okay How about, if you had if you had just a building that was exclusively used to store grain, what might you call that? 412: Uh, we solemn had it Interviewer: Okay 412: uh You, you might have um You know I don't remember that Well We never ha- you find it up in the mountains but we never had these uh bins where you'd put corn where we would wouldn't bother 'em you know you'd have snow or something else and you could what you, I think that was a lot in Illinois and Indiana and all through that one time, maybe it still is Interviewer: Right 412: We almost never did that uh I don't know that we'd have any special term for a grain house Interviewer: What about a 412: Now you might I, I think in the old days, uh you'd speak of your wheat bin, you'd try to make it tight, you know and maybe put a type of ceiling or something else that you could fit tightly together for you uh wheat room wheat bin or sometimes we used to store it in barrels Interviewer: barrel 412: yeah Interviewer: okay What, now if you took, uh some, some corn or something to a mill what, what might be the smallest 412: #1 You asked that question # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: #1 the other day when we # Interviewer: #2 the other day # 412: talking here #1 And I pretty well agreed we # Interviewer: #2 What was that # 412: I think we'd sell 'em go less than a peck and I think ordinarily we maybe go with as much as a bushel or more depending on what we wanted, see this wouldn't have been necessarily generally true Papa used to feed uh ground corn to his hogs we might feed chopped corn to a mule if the mule's teeth were bad so he might take a, might go in a wagon, take several bushels and we sell 'em uh, I sell 'em well I don't think James and I either one ever went horseback much, I've gone a few times with a bag of corn, you know, just over your shoulders, in the front part of the saddle I don't recall any other Interviewer: Do you, have you ever seen a building that might just have four poles and a sliding roof used to store, uh oh, maybe uh hay, or something like that? 412: Well hay racks, uh We use various types, uh curing racks, we use uh, tripods and you'll have, uh one set of poles going about so high so as to there wouldn't be any rotting and they'd be nailed on with heavy nails, to your tripod proper and then that would project out from the poles so that you'd build your hay rick on up to the top Interviewer: How about uh, um You ever heard that maybe called a "hay barrack?" 412: No Interviewer: okay, how about um uh when you first cut hay uh what, you mentioned this a little bit earlier, but I think uh, you need clarification when you first cut the hay, what do you do with it? When you very first cut it 412: You mean uh we let it dry and then windrow it, if that's what you're getting at Interviewer: Okay Or, or do you know any names for small piles of hay raked up in a field? outside a windrow? 412: #1 I don't remember any time # Interviewer: #2 Just maybe any {X} # 412: #1 when we, you might {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 412: {NW} if you just had a pile of grass, or sort of beans or cow peter or whatever you might say there's a pile, right over there you missed Interviewer: okay Alright, uh besides, uh, the barn did you ever have any special place where you'd milk a cow, maybe outside 412: Mm, well many barns and {NW} this is true of a great many through our area you might shed this whole barn in one section would be your milking part where you did, where you kept your cows in bad weather and then you might milk in there sometimes depending on the direction of your barn {NW} {NW} and the hive was um protected from the north, you might milk in the hall if you had a general cow, and then you had yourself protected and it was a cold morning, or a cold night Interviewer: Did you have any, uh hogs or pigs? 412: Oh yeah that's where I got my start Interviewer: Is that right? uh, where, where would you keep your hogs, pigs? 412: Well, we didn't keep 'em in pens uh like a great many did, not course we'd put 'em in pens usually to fatten but we ran them in the out pasture and um rotation fields that sort of thing Interviewer: how about uh uh, uh Where did people used to keep their milk and butter before the days of refrigeration, what might you call 412: in the well Interviewer: in the well? 412: Not the butter, but the milk Interviewer: okay, would you keep the butter separate? 412: uh, well Mama'd keep it as cool as she could I don't remember if she ever put butter in the well, Sally, but Aux: I don't... 412: That was Aux: {X} 412: that was a regular practice for your buttermilk you know put it in the northwest corner of the well Interviewer: northwest corner? 412: yeah #1 that's that was a coldish # Interviewer: #2 What # 412: #1 corner # Interviewer: #2 oh # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 Was that always the coldest corner? # 412: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 Is it, is it really # 412: #1 Oh that was a saying, or so, which I think would # Interviewer: #2 Is that really the... oh # 412: That, that was where you'd put it You'd wanna big glass of buttermilk after a hard day's work right in the northwest corner of the well same thing for the water Interviewer: okay, what, what would you call a, uh, like like if you had a large enough herd, dairy, uh, uh cattle to produce, uh milk and butter and things, what would you uh would you have like a room, or place for processing it 412: it would depend on uh the nature of your customers and how large an operation you had, sort #1 dairy # Interviewer: #2 What would you call that? # 412: #1 huh? # Interviewer: #2 Excuse me # What would you call that place? 412: Well, "dairy" is as such well I'd say fairly late in coming in this area you had a family cow, you might have family cow and you'd sell butter, or you'd sell milk and butter to some of the neighbors but as um as a major uh item I don't think you'd have found it much Interviewer: okay 412: #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 this the # 412: I'm sure a good many farm wise uh who didn't sell any milk sold a lot of butter or you'd sometimes trade your butter we used to have peddlers all through this area Interviewer: Did, did large farms, this is, this is this is my own curiosity did large farms around here when they did sell a little extra butter, maybe they had a little extra butter they wanted to sell on the and they have, oh, maybe even as much as ten pounds they went over fifty pounds they wanna get rid of, I doubt they'd have that much, maybe so would they use their own personal farms, would they have a stamp made, uh a stamp 412: #1 Well this was # Interviewer: #2 make, make it into # 412: This was one of their trademarks Sally, we've got two or three of those molds, now haven't we? oh Sometimes you just buy a mold because it was available, but I'm sure uh people who sold a good bit of butter would soon be recognized by their by their mold Aux: top of the mold {X} 412: {NW} Aux: or other designs cut into the wood so when you pack the butter in that round mold it would leave that impression on Interviewer: Yes ma'am Aux: seen butter molded Interviewer: That's what I was asking about, now I know some farms, uh got to the practice, even if they didn't make a, a sale, on the you know, uh, practice 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 normally selling butter # of having um their own personal stamp 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Maybe, it's their initials or # 412: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 or something in the butter, so people knew # 412: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 where it came from, if it tasted or if they were particularly proud of their butter, so # 412: Well you see in this area Sally, into the forties, I I don't remember when did that curd market start? Aux: {X} 412: Well anyway the curd market farmer's curd market gained a great standing over a period of years, now I couldn't say when it began, uh it died out after World War two This was where your a great many of your substantial farmers and your country minded uh, let's say town-minded people town dwelling people who loved country flavors and tastes would meet maybe two days a week or three days a week or whatever this was a curd market and {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} You might take milk and butter chickens, eggs, or fresh vegetables fruits or whatever uh, sausage hams I don't think we ever saw sold raw beef, Sally fresh beef you'd pedal that out among your neighbors, you'd kill a beef and cut it up and then you'd put in your wagon and maybe you'd buggy and you'd just drive around among your neighbors {NW} sell it and then uh, maybe Next month, why We'd kill one and then we'd drive around and sell it to the neighbors Interviewer: So you had kind of a co-op type of 412: That is, an a informal co-op, that's what it amounted to Interviewer: That's interesting 412: {NW} Interviewer: uh, um Does the word "dairy" have any other connotation at all to you, does does it mean anything else? besides, uh 412: Well it, it meant, um large operations too and that sort That's about all I'd say Interviewer: Okay Uh, what would you call a place where you where you let your cattle uh go, uh, graze? 412: Well Ordinarily, uh in this area we spoke of a pasture but sometimes we often said, and this was used in emotion among agricultural workers and leadership define a pasture, you know, as a piece of land with a barbed wire fence around it Interviewer: That's a definition of a, sort of a formal 412: Uh, type pastures we once had that was when it you weren't really trying to feed your animals or take care of 'em just a place you implied is derogatory Interviewer: I was just curious now, uh, uh how big does a piece of land have to be before it's uh well let's put it this way you you grow you grow cotton out in a in a in a what 412: Yeah Interviewer: What do what do you call the area place that you grow cotton? 412: Well, it's usually a field Interviewer: Okay now how Might be a patch Okay now how, what's the what's the size difference between a field or a patch? 412: I think it would vary with individual and it probably would vary some from area to area for example back up here in the red land, where you sell a family a big field to them uh, a, well I better say it this way what was a field to them might be a patch for us down here in the sandy land and what would be a field to us might not be a field at all to a man way down in the black belt up in that black Illinois country Interviewer: Would it, would it then it depends on it uh, on each individual person's nature of, uh, size Is it 412: Well uh, yeah, surroundings and way he operated maybe all his life Interviewer: What what kind of things might you you consider, what would you call uh consider things grown in a patch? 412: Well, you know we talked about that the other day You could speak of a sugar cane patch but it might be right down next to the branch and in the same field there would be corn but you'd put the corn up high on a slope, you'd put the cane right down on the flat, next to branch, or the creek maybe uh We'd grow a patch of watermelons, maybe a few rows of cantaloupe or a row of cantaloupe you might have a pea patch uh most of our cotton was cotton patches almost at one time in the old one horse days Interviewer: How big would that be now, a one-horse cotton patch? 412: #1 Well, um # Interviewer: #2 Like would it be an acre or two? # 412: Usually, a one-horse farmer wouldn't try to have more than ten acres of cotton and he might have that in Well, one or two or three spots three or four acres maybe in this patch here and then another two or three acres and then another #1 put a patch somewhere # Interviewer: #2 But a... if # if all those patches happen to be together it's all a big ten acres then I just thought it might be a field 412: Well there are plenty of areas through here that if a man had ten acres that was a field Interviewer: Right, okay 412: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 How about if # excuse me, go ahead 412: And, and I could take in uh, very far from here, where he, maybe he'd even have to have nearly fifty, a hundred acres to think he had a field #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's for Texas, maybe, like if you get to # Well, I was at a farm out in Kansas in a man's farm, in twenty-five hundred acres 412: Yeah Interviewer: Now, he doesn't consider it a field unless it's over fifty acres 412: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 Or a hundred or something! # You know, he still talks about fifty, sixty, seventy acres like "we got a patch of land over here, patch of land over here" and that's It has more than most people would wanna even look in 412: Well, way out in west Texas, uh We had a friend years ago, a man who'd come from the very bottom to a multimillionaire father was a tenant farmer and he used to say that it took more land for his tractors to turn around on than his father cultivated and he just for a stunt, of course would sometimes put on a demonstration of a eight, I believe it was eight tractors with only one man at each end directing them he had four controls or other similar controls and these rows would be I believe about up to about a mile and a half long Interviewer: It could get monotonous if he's riding it 412: Well {NW} You wouldn't be riding, you see, you'd be at the end of the field and you'd saw this Number seven tractor coming and you'd be prepared to get on it Turn you around #1 and then it's laying # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see! # 412: And then you put it the other end Yeah, your other buddy might be turning around number one on his end, and then starting in the back Interviewer: Well that's, uh, I've never even seen, I've never heard of that! 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Is that a fairly common practice? # in the, on large farms? 412: Uh, I would suspect that that was a prototype of what maybe they've done even more dramatically today But, to us, that was phenomenal, you know Interviewer: Uh, that's almost, that's almost like going to the moon 412: Yeah Two men driving eight tractors {NW} Interviewer: Uh, what kind of a, uh fences might you have around bar, uh around a house? Around a farmhouse? 412: Uh, it would vary. In the, in the old days and you see I was born in the last period of that age you quite often would have rail fences Interviewer: Spikes, split, split rails? 412: yeah I'll show you some chestnut rails before you leave, right out here My cousin, Johnny Adams and I uh, he discovered and then he and I dug 'em up in the bottom of a stream up the road here, several miles about six feet in the ground laid crossway Interviewer: When they were already there, they were still intact, good? I mean, uh 412: #1 You, you've seen 'em when you look at 'em # Interviewer: #2 Well # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 412: Course chestnut's a last, long lasting wood #1 And what was, what was the other part you asked? # Interviewer: #2 Oh I was just curious # what kind of fences might you find around a 412: #1 Well, of course, uh # Interviewer: #2 a, a farmhouse # 412: every home of any consequence in this area in those days had around his home a white paling fence, or the equivalent Interviewer: a white paling? 412: Paling #1 P-A-L-I-N-G. Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Is that the vertical kind? Like # Like, uh, what might be another name for 412: yeah Or you might cut one-by-one inch, uh pieces and then saw 'em the right length some of 'em had those some of 'em had ornamented paling is it might put a little, uh, design in the top of the paling some would put, uh, uh sharp point, like that, that's like we got down yonder at the museum now Interviewer: Right 412: You find all sorts of combinations but you had to uh, the law was exactly the opposite of what it is today today, you must be responsible for what your stray animals do to your neighbor, or to your next neighbor but in those days, uh this is open range country and you protected your fields in your house, and yo- and your yards and all Interviewer: Alright, um {NW} Did you ever raise, well, we talked a bit course, I guess you raised cotton did you ever work, in a, in a cotton field? 412: #1 Oh no, gee # Interviewer: #2 yourself? # What was what were {NW}, what were some of the things you did? 412: Everything must be done under the old system Now, we never dropped cotton seed by hand but it hadn't been a, been a many years removed uh When they were dropping cotton seed by hand and putting down fertilizer in a funnel, I I'm sure you never saw one of those funnels Interviewer: Not a fertilizer funnel, no sir 412: Well we were still using those when I was a boy Interviewer: how did the fertilizer funnel work? 412: Well ain't nothing in the world but a great long cylinder, about got one down yonder at the museum luckily we found one bout that round uh size #1 and about # Interviewer: #2 above three {X} # 412: Yeah, I guess, some of the horns were, you call 'em get out a horn about so long and then #1 here at the top you'd have a # Interviewer: #2 About four feet # 412: a convex funnel Interviewer: okay 412: to catch it, and uh, you'd uh drop your seed or sometimes you, you just had a kind of a bagging sack of manure and you spread the manure down the row and take it out of your bag here and down through the funnel into the {D: fur} #1 {NW} {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Did you catch a {X} was it mounted on wheels? # 412: #1 No it wasn't mounted on anything, you held it # Interviewer: #2 you held it # You drop it, and that's so you wouldn't hit the bin 412: yeah Interviewer: oh I see 412: yeah Interviewer: Okay Did you ever- 412: Now, we would we were out of that era already uh if we spread manure anytime after I was big enough to remember we'd use a hollowed out wagon and spread it with pitchforks but it hadn't been many years, uh I've made specific efforts to find out the earliest that we had any kind of, uh mechanical cotton seed planter in this area and as far as I can find out and we got, uh a later, improved type of what apparently the originals were about eighteen ninety-four is the earliest period when we didn't plant cotton by hand there must've been some good farmers who were also good mechanics or good designers, and they went to blacksmith and had some sort of tool made We got one very simple uh dropper really didn't sold us, really a dropper It was designed simply to put on your ply-stocking plant but even so this as far as I can find out so far, doesn't go back much farther than about eighteen ninety-four, ninety-three Interviewer: Mm 412: One one of our long-time friends who died about three years ago, already, two years ago when she was in her nineties told me that she remembered when her father bought the first, what we call dow-law planter Interviewer: Uh, what was that again? 412: Dow-law. D-O-W dash L A W must of been the name of the two men chiefly concerned with the company that's what they all call it, dow-law planter and she said people came from eight or ten miles all in this area to see mr John's new planter they live right below us on the home place about two miles from and she said people heard about it and just came from all around just to see what it was like Interviewer: hmm 412: Well today, you see {NW} Bill plants, uh four rows With his tractor, outfit he puts down the fertilizer, he puts down his chemical he puts down his uh seed and he may put another chemical on top after the planter the tools have covered the seed Interviewer: All at once? 412: Yeah Interviewer: Hmm 412: one man on the tractor #1 Course you # Interviewer: #2 That's quite an operation # 412: you got to have one or more men at the turnaround to keep it busy, fill up with fertilizer chemicals, and so, and seeds Interviewer: Yes sir uh, uh, what do you call uh hoeing uh cotton 412: Hoeing? Interviewer: Yeah, when you're out there hoeing cotton, what do you call that? 412: Hoeing Interviewer: In between, you know, do you ever call it anything else? 412: well, you might be bunching #1 You might be thinning it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah with a hoe? # Thinning 412: bunching and thinning are somewhat similar in meaning, not quite Interviewer: Okay 412: If you had, if you had an extra good you might say, "blocking out" we'd sometimes use that uh Interviewer: What kind of undesirable grass uh, or, uh would you have or what would you call undesirable grass 412: #1 Oh Lord # Interviewer: #2 Grass or grasses over there # 412: #1 Don't start me on that one # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Can you just get a couple of 'em? 412: I, well I I'd say, in the old days, um probably crabgrass, now now I'm talking now just about our area this wouldn't even apply necessarily to the red land Interviewer: right 412: {NW} but Interviewer: Yes sir 412: In our sandy land here we'd have uh crabgrass coffee weed uh, cocklebur and I never have been, uh stuffy enough to say "cocklebur" I still say cocklebur {C: pronunciation cock-uh-bur} uh Parsley or {D: parslin} as it's usually spelled in the botany books uh We did not have pigweed, either smooth or prickly uh, we didn't have many of the weeds that you have now uh for example, right in this garden here nut grass had been given, we didn't have nut grass in the old day, and Bill has a problem, he's he's about to line a combination of techniques that looks like it'll get rid of it for years but you have to plant corn on the same land for a year course there's nothing else that will stand the chemical that he used but he's virtually eradicated uh nut grass by that method, just yesterday at noon, when I told you we made this big circle to have a look at his crop in general he showed me a big field of soybeans that a cousin of mine planted and the boy's not energetic, he got sins kind of lazy and he had just let nut grass run away with soybeans Bill and I were figuring if he could ever get out, and we don't believe he can we don't see a chance for him to even break even it just can't, it's just eaten up with nut grass and he just didn't go in there at the proper time Interviewer: you gotta watch out for the soybeans 412: mm yeah Interviewer: soybeans, uh really can 412: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 well they're delicate for a while # 412: yeah Interviewer: Okay, uh, uh now, I don't know if you had this problem around here but uh, now if you had a field that's full of stones okay, and some farmers might take the stones and pile 'em alongside a field and make 'em a fence with 'em, what might you call that fence, if uh 412: Well we didn't talk about the fence so much but uh We had this, this was nothing unusual up here in the red lands and they'd usually, uh well, this house was built out of stones that were picked up in the fields, and used to build bench terraces if you know what bench terraces are Interviewer: Now a Now, is now a bench terrace, now is that alongside a field? 412: No no, {NW} no {NS} you know the, the type terrace that we tried to build today is one that has a say this is down here on this side this of course would be lower than this and this would be higher if you do a good enough job and don't have a flood to slowly direct the water in whatever direction you want it to go #1 keep it # Interviewer: #2 like, uh # keep it from making a 412: Swiggling across a field and just eroding it well uh What is it I wanted to tell you Interviewer: About the terrace 412: Yeah the indication, the bench terrace Let's say you have, let me see if I can make you one here's your upper slope now and it's a pretty steep slope and it doesn't take much hunting to find five to seven percent slopes right across the creek over here soggy hatchet they tried, and and still do and and today with all the equipment we got you can do a good job they would build the type terraces also that we uh that we have been building here, for many gener- well, three generations four generations we started at grandpa but then you'd you know you got to have, a a a step-down somehow and and they would take the rocks, let's say and they would start making a pile about the line that they figured the terrace ought to run Well eventually, you see maybe this stone uh line here maybe several levels Would, in the beginning, it would be, let's say, uh well, maybe about his high above this part here but over a period of time, the sheet erosion from this level to here would fill that in and eventually you'd have a terrace that just stood up like this and then it dropped down sharp and then it level off again, I mean then start sloping again, then you'd have another bench terrace Interviewer: The soil will actually fill in next to the wall? 412: Yeah, yeah Interviewer: okay 412: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 mr Ward was # Telling me about that, he he, now he'd call 'em uh, a step-bench fence but I think he was referring to the uh those terrace things that you 412: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 were talking about, he said # said he'd make a step-bench fence along a field 412: yeah Interviewer: and is that, is that the same thing? 412: I never heard that term, but that sounds like maybe he that's what he told me Interviewer: Yeah, yeah 412: uh eventually you see, you'd have a, a hole and it's larger in this land than the piedmont, some was cleared that never should've been cleared, anyway but eventually, if a man was a pretty good farmer and he was really trying to save his land, he'd have a whole field maybe ten acres or might have more than that sometimes well you'd come to here, come from come down this slope here was a level area we'll say ten feet wide or some other width and then you'd stop sharp down where the old terrace part was and then here'd be another level and literally it's um it's the same technique that these uh fifth Cole boys are being told to do now, you know you #1 One plateau down to another # Interviewer: #2 sure, right # 412: #1 and you get # Interviewer: #2 what # I understood the terracing part, I just never understood this that you putting the wall up and 412: #1 yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 and the wash up to it # 412: well well we got mostly is rock {NW} we'll pile around these terrace contours and uh over the generation, and this was already in pines when we hauled 'em out we took a mattock, a pick, and sometimes a shovel we just go around those terraces and we pick out of the dirt pull the rocks out and if it looked like it was sound they went in the truck, we wore a truck out building this house second an intro, not an old, not a new one {NW} {NW} and we got enough rock from a series of terraces about three mile I guess, out here let's see here three mile would be about right build this house and we had everything we've got um We've got one little here over this door I think, though, we got that out of the bottom of a stream but it took a block and tackle to put that in place over the door, we got one huge rock on this east side above the window took uh I believe it was five hours to put it in place and we've got some very large rocks over on this side we put in that way Interviewer: So this whole house was built from uh almost step-bench terracing 412: Yeah #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 stone # 412: #1 See this was done in # Interviewer: #2 well that's that's # 412: slavery days the, the fields, and land was originally entries and uh the rocks were there then and as they began to farm it the rocks began to work to the surface and like the old saying in New england, you know "rocks just nationally grow" Interviewer: {NW} 412: and that's almost true when you start dealing with that type of land Interviewer: Okay, uh Now when you put up a barbed wire fence, you mentioned that a little bit earlier 412: yeah Interviewer: um, uh you have to dig a hole to put the uh 412: post in Interviewer: alright, and two or three of those are called 412: #1 two or three # Interviewer: #2 if you have # 412: wires? Interviewer: No, the, the post, if you have two or three posts how, what do you, what's the plural of post, in other words? 412: Well, we just said "posts" Interviewer: okay, for more than one? 412: yeah Interviewer: okay 412: yeah Interviewer: and uh, if you wanted to make a hen start laying okay you might put something under her to fool her? 412: #1 Oh yeah you talking # Interviewer: #2 what would you call that? # 412: about an old nest egg? Interviewer: yeah what might that be made out of? 412: well all we ever got in this area were made out of, uh hmm, what do we call that stuff the shiny white Interviewer: Well, it would be the same stuff that dishes, the real fine dishes are made out of? 412: I think it was similar, uh but it wasn't near that uh thick Interviewer: it well, you know like a, like a real fine dishes are called what? I'm trying to elicit a word here, so the big co- the big country with all the orientals 412: oh you talking about like the English, uh manufacturers? Interviewer: of, uh, of this type of 412: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 dishes # 412: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 what do you call that dish ware? # 412: you got me again, I wouldn't I know what you're talking about but Interviewer: Alright, we got, we got the Soviet Union and the red and the other one, the other big one 412: What are you talking about, China? #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Okay, that's the word I was looking for # 412: #1 Yeah, what # Interviewer: #2 Would, would you ever have a china egg? # 412: We did say china egg some, too Interviewer: okay uh The only reason I have to go surreptitiously around to get these 412: #1 yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 words, I try not to influence your pronunciation before you say it # Um and, and you mentioned earlier that you kept your uh milk products in the well 412: If you didn't have any sort of refrigeration, or see a good many people had uh springs and they could put do the same thing in the springs Interviewer: what would you, what would you keep your milk, uh Or, let's put this what would you get your water out of the well with? 412: Well, we use several Papa, all my lifetime, had a Windlass and a bucket but Interviewer: Was it a, uh what was the bucket made out of? 412: It was usually galvanized bucket, but the old oaken bucket was still in uh very much in the public eye long after I was born and we, we also had eaten and we still got 'em least I know where there is one unless it's been You ever seen a well sweep? Interviewer: No sir, what's that? 412: It's a, it's a pivoting type of thing you have a great long uh arm and it's simply a pole it's balanced at the right tilting uh edge tilting point Interviewer: The fulcrum? 412: #1 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 Is that what you were # 412: and you just simply let the bucket down, you push your pole up, you know, and and then the bucket, uh gets full, and then you pull that and the pole helps to pull the bucket up #1 So # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # It's like a lever 412: yeah yeah so you don't put, uh all of your effort into bringing it up You got to work it both ways, you got to put some effort into pushing your sweep up and then the sweep helps you to lessen your effort pulling the water up Interviewer: hmm Now if you- 412: #1 Now also, uh # Interviewer: #2 took a # 412: A great many people, and we used it some too especially something having to work uh, we'd call a windlass you'd have a swivel windlass they built two types usually one with a small wheel, this is when you had a a, a regular windlass the ones we used would be about so round but sometimes, uh if you just had a rope and a bucket and the windlass only you might get one about so big and this made it easy to pull it in, you see cuz it, it rolled in more slowly Interviewer: yes Uh, if you, if you carried water in a bucket what might you use to carry milk in? 412: We might say 'pail' but we'd usually say bucket Interviewer: Okay and if the, if the pail, or the bucket, if it was you said it was galvanized, mainly? 412: yeah Interviewer: if it, if it got so dirty that you wouldn't wanna use it for humans what what, and you use it to feed your hog, what would you call that? 412: We might call it a slop bucket Interviewer: okay 412: Its own thing, i don't know Interviewer: And uh Getting a little ahead of myself here the uh um the, the the uh utensil in the kitchen used for, to fry eggs in the morning, what would you call that? 412: you mean the spider? Interviewer: Again, please? 412: The spider? Interviewer: Spider? 412: mm-hmm Interviewer: Is that the, now 412: #1 Usually, what # Interviewer: #2 Would you, would you fry chicken in that too? # 412: #1 Well, uh # Interviewer: #2 Would that maybe # 412: uh Spider, usually, i believe was probably more often for cooktop cornbread, uh corn pone uh, you probably talking about a or a regular iron {NW} shoot I can't even think of the {NW} term now uh it it was a frying pan, but we didn't call it a frying pan Sally Aux: This is a question you usually 412: Nah, yeah, that's a spider Interviewer: That's a spider? 412: #1 But- what- # Interviewer: #2 It's like, it's like a frying pan without the sides # 412: What we call a deep one that you cook eggs in Aux: Oh, just a skillet 412: Skillet! Interviewer: Skillet. 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 412: #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 Now that's what you cook # Little pones of bread, like that, little flat corn pones Interviewer: Yes Aux: #1 And you put 'em all around that # Interviewer: #2 Yes ma'am # Aux: and then you they have a little grease on it top and you get the imprint of your fingers on and they real crusty Interviewer: Crusty? Aux: That's what we used to do but that little skillet I got now, the modern one that I cook the little triangles in, that's something new Interviewer: That's who Aux: and uh it, it, they had just come out with that somebody in Birmingham Interviewer: Uh 412: Show him one, Sally! Interviewer: That's called a spider? 412: Yeah Interviewer: Okay, speaking of corn um 412: Now there's uh, there's one other kitchen item maybe not for me #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh, I see # Aux: See now this is When he uh Interviewer: They look like a pie has been divided Aux: Except for, and this is the little one we bake in, most of the time, this is the size, it makes seven pieces and he's out working with his cu- and he said well I'll be there going and they sorta laughed at {X} 412: #1 Mm-hmm yeah # Aux: #2 {X} # And it just sold like hotcakes then they came out with this little {X} 412: That's that's the kind you had at #1 Yeah, these little bitty # Aux: #2 At {X} # #1 See then you, you # Interviewer: #2 But # Aux: Bread is crusty, all on the sides #1 Now, uh-huh, and the bottom # Interviewer: #2 And top too # Aux: But that, they bake real good Interviewer: And you used to bake in, you ever do anything on the top of the stove with them? Aux: No, uh-uh, now, we have a granddaughter that's interested in foods, and she uses this to bake little cakes for you then Interviewer: Oh Aux: And, and she never uses {NS} it to make cornbread, she {NS} uses more than this to do cake in but I never have tried that Interviewer: so you do like, cupcakes Aux: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 Like # Aux: I get, I do 412: #1 Well # Aux: #2 more # 412: #1 Now the old, the muffin ring # Aux: #2 Well I'll show 'em # 412: Is more {X}, especially for made cupcakes here {NS} Interviewer: um I was just uh, since we were Talking about, there was a a section in here on on uh cornbread, I'm just gonna uh, uh, what's all the different types of breads that you can think of that are made from cornmeal? 412: Well uh through this area muffins, and uh #1 Corn sticks, yeah # Aux: #2 Now this, this belonged to your grandma # 412: Yeah #1 That's for muffins, you see # Aux: #2 that's heavy, it's for muffins # 412: #1 You could cook cake muffins # Aux: #2 and you could # 412: #1 And sally could # Aux: #2 You could make, yeah I have made cake muffins in it # And they make the prettiest little muffins and Interviewer: Well that is heavy Aux: it is heavy, that #1 That, that's granddaddy's grandmother # Interviewer: #2 that's cast # Aux: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Aux: And um, I hadn't used it in a long time between the barber and kids Interviewer: It just looks like a Well actually looks like, so like a the modern, uh, looks like a 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Modern Jello mold type of thing # 412: Mm. Well you could make uh, muffins, corn sticks corn- Aux: stick pan 412: yeah corn dodgers that's one thing I hope Sally'll never make Interviewer: Oh, yeah Aux: That corn stick- 412: #1 Mama's, yeah # Interviewer: #2 dodgers? # 412: Mama would make corn dodgers #1 and turnip greens # Aux: #2 Well I won't make that thing # 412: #1 No, just don't # Aux: #2 {X} {X} # 412: and then uh uh Egg bread, have you ever eaten egg bread? Interviewer: No I haven't {NS} 412: Well This is where you put, I don't know how many eggs put in it, but it has a little bit of different consistency Interviewer: What, uh 412: and then cornbread of course many types of cornbread Interviewer: {NS} okay Uh, uh uh 412: Are you familiar with dutch oven? Interviewer: With a, with a dutch oven? 412: Yeah Interviewer: in the side of a fireplace? 412: Yeah Interviewer: Yes sir 412: Yeah, well Interviewer: alright now, is that where you used to 412: #1 Well, when # Interviewer: #2 to bake your, uh # 412: When we came back to the farm in nineteen sixteen Papa and I would bet you over there and he uses dutch oven a lot, then to cook the bread or I imagine the baked potatoes perhaps other things Interviewer: Well suppose you have, uh, uh the type of cornbread that just has nothing but cornmeal, salt, and water, what would you call that? 412: Well Sally we don't we, that's what we have, isn't it? Aux: Uh, that, that's what the dockeys called a hoecake because it was baked at one time on a hoe Interviewer: on a hoe? Aux: On a hoe. Interviewer: As a chopping hoe? Aux: a chopping hoe, a flat hoe it has a hole back here where the handle is Interviewer: Alright Aux: and they made the fire, and they said that they put the whole cake, the water and the meal I think the Confederate soldiers 412: #1 I'm sure they did # Aux: #2 baked 'em # 412: #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 on the, on this hoe # 412: #1 # Aux: #2 and they just set it on the fire and that's why it got its name, hoecake # Interviewer: I'll be doggone I heard uh uh, uh Mister Ward talk about a hoecake and I and I so did mr Gallette but I never thought I just thought that was a Aux: No, no, that's where it uh the {X} Interviewer: {NW} 412: See you could cook that on a spider too #1 Yeah, yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 On a spider, yeah on one of those little flat pans # What about, um Uh, how about do you ever remember any kind of cornbread that people talked about uh, just sitting on a board in front of a fireplace You ever heard of any cornbread being made like that? Now the hoecake's something like that 412: #1 Uh, on a board # Interviewer: #2 Uh, you know # Yeah, but this would just be like on a board, in front of fireplace 412: No, I sure haven't Interviewer: Okay How about uh, uh, or or the type that just might be laid in the ashes? 412: #1 Like what? # Interviewer: #2 For any kind # That type of cornbread that might just they might put it in the ashes of a fire 412: Yeah yeah that was well I don't remember the day I ever cooked Mama Papa ever cooked in the ashes but we'd cook potatoes in the ashes sweet potatoes Interviewer: Alright Uh, uh, let me see, are there any, you say what kind of a, a corn bread or, it's about an inch thick and it's large and round, you might cook it in a skillet uh, like on the top of the stove 412: Well I suspected If you got a group together, it'd be a lot of wrangling on that one cuz most of our people who are advertising cornmeal for cornbread and are selling, I'm noticing, remarkably they talking about all this, uh big old thick Corn or bread and I wouldn't have it on bed Interviewer: What about the type that's a mush? uh, what do you call that? 412: Well Mama never cooked it much, and I think Sally cooked it a little, and she never cooked it much, maybe when the children were small call it mush Interviewer: Just mush? 412: yeah Interviewer: Uh, you ever heard of any kind that might've been put in a cheesecloth, and dipped down in a frying grease? you ever heard of anything like that? 412: Sally you ever heard of a corn item like that? Aux: Uh-uh 412: that's brand new to me Interviewer: Okay, that's that might be a little, a little too How about uh, um Oh, what do you call it, the type that you put a little onion and pepper, uh pepper, green pepper maybe and eat it with fish? 412: Well Um, the, the people in Florida have a, a name for that I guess and we use it little bit and I don't even remember the name now uh Interviewer: You got shoes named after it 412: what? Interviewer: Like the little suede shoes named after 'em 412: oh The way we get 'em hear about that like that Interviewer: Yeah 412: I don't even remember the name Interviewer: Would you call them a hush puppy? 412: yeah #1 It's a branch {X} # Interviewer: #2 is that, okay # I was just curious, you ever, you know what a muck farm is? 412: Muck farm? Interviewer: yes 412: I know what it is in Florida Interviewer: no, they don't have any here? 412: No Interviewer: Down around the the, coastal regions or anything? 412: We may have some down around Mobile uh, in that swamp country Interviewer: okay 412: But there's no such thing up in here Interviewer: okay thank you 412: Usually Well if you had looked closely at at that, uh Spring we're digging out down there at the museum with me this morning you might have seen a something that would indicate what you talking about but most of our black lands long branches and uh small streams there the string usually is deep enough it keeps from dry- Interviewer: As consistent as possible, all tapes should be the same Auxilliary: Yeah Interviewer: And you notice, this is a, not a stereo Auxilliary: uh-huh Interviewer: See, so uh thank you very much Auxilliary: This lady has taken, uh state of Alabama, she is an Alabamian and she has a gone to {X} on the coast and she takes in the recipes of the shrimp boats that sort of thing, then she goes up the coast, she comes on up into Alabama she's got four sections the next section is the wiregrass section That's standing around dover Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxilliary: then she comes on up to coastal plains, and that's where we live Interviewer: coastal plains? You found a lot of recipes there, that you knew? Auxilliary: No, well, there's some that I know {X} she uh yeah {X} said she goes to the Tennessee valley or some of 'em I know basic things that you know anyway once you've cooked as long as I have And then the Appalachian area and the... but it's real interesting yeah, I knew I wrote that thing down somewhere And I've been looking everywhere for it and there it is Interviewer: Have you ever made crackling bread? {NW} 412: That is good eating, but it sure is bad for you Interviewer: Well, how do you mean is it 412: #1 So greasy # Interviewer: #2 bad? Is it greasy # Auxilliary: of course {X} little crunchy pieces of that fat lard is to come out of, and it's crisp you have those over there and it's good 412: It sure is Interviewer: I mean how, how do you make that again? Auxilliary: You put bread meal in water, salt in the cracklings 412: And then, {X}, but the adding of the cracklings Auxilliary: that's all just add the crack- 412: to a common cornbread mix Interviewer: is it, uh, now it's baked? 412: #1 Yeah # Auxilliary: #2 {X} # your cornbread. And its crunchy and real rich especially with all that fat crackling Interviewer: What, what might you eat with that? Auxilliary: oh, turnip greens, peas, any kind of vegetables Interviewer: And uh, you wouldn't like eat uh What, well, like maybe a can of beans, or something like that with it? Auxilliary: Yeah, you, that would be good! Interviewer: yeah 412: hmm Auxilliary: Well it'd be real good Interviewer: cuz it all has that kind of {NW} Auxilliary: Yup. All real fat in it {NW} Interviewer: okay uh, uh, what would you call a, a big black pot that you might boil clothes in or something 412: call it a pot, wash pot Interviewer: just a wash pot? 412: mm-hmm Interviewer: okay, how about uh uh, something that you might heat water pour, you know it has a a little spout on it and you heat water in it maybe a fireplace, or something, you have any special names for 412: well, I guess you're talking about the old black kettle Interviewer: okay 412: {NW} Interviewer: okay and uh, uh old, like that orange thing on the top of your television there where you put your flowers, what do you call that? 412: call it a vase Interviewer: vase 412: then we call it a vase Interviewer: {NW} okay You can see what we're 412: {NW} Interviewer: All right, what what, uh eating utensils would you find on a table? 412: you talking about the silverware and sort? Interviewer: Yes sir 412: Well Knife, fork, spoons, then sugar spoon maybe, uh Auxilliary: butter knife 412: your butter knife and the dessert spoon or uh or got one right in there right now grapefruit spoon and large dinner spoons for peas, serving that #1 oh but # Interviewer: #2 You mean # But on the, on the older farms where they might just have what just, two or three 412: Well, we had most those things and we sure didn't have any money Interviewer: so you, you had most of almost all those and you still considered those, fairly uh commonplace items to have in the kitchen? 412: yeah, if if if your folks were anything at all, you didn't have to be rich to be somebody Interviewer: right 412: In the old culture, in this culture Auxilliary: now, you, you know you can find most of those things in white homes 412: #1 Yeah, yeah, yeah, well # Auxilliary: #2 But in black homes # 412: He's got, he's got a separate survey for the Interviewer: Well, we use the same questions on both 412: Do you? Interviewer: yes, sir. 412: uh-huh Interviewer: Yes sir 412: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 it's the same, I use the exact same questions for both # And uh, uh, the answers might be different but the 412: #1 yeah, yeah, uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 questions are the same # uh If you had more than one knife uh, what what would be the plural of knife? 412: Knives Interviewer: okay, uh and uh after a woman washes the, uh, dishes she holds 'em under the water, and what do you call that? 412: Rinse 'em Interviewer: okay and uh, uh, after the the the thing that uh might use to wash the dishes with the cloth that you use to wash, what do you call that? 412: dish rag? Interviewer: okay and the cloth that you'd use to wash your face with what you- 412: A wash rag is what I call it Interviewer: okay and the large cloth that you use to dry yourself when you take a bath what do you call 412: Well, most of the time we use a little towel Interviewer: okay and uh uh okay how about uh, uh what do you call, uh, in the kitchen, the, when you turn on the thing that the water comes out of what do you call that? 412: Well, spout or hydrant or faucet Interviewer: okay yeah, what is there a diff- now if it's outside would you call it the one outside would you hook a garden hose to would you call that something else? 412: I'd usually call that a hydrant only, a faucet Interviewer: okay uh, uh would you see a difference between a spigot and a faucet? 412: never have used a spigot much Interviewer: okay, i noticed that uh she used a 412: yeah, yeah Well she's a north Alabama girl Auxilliary: See I came from Birmingham, I haven't lived in the country always, on the farm Interviewer: oh Auxilliary: I grew up in Birmingham Interviewer: Oh, I see Auxilliary: I wouldn't go back there to live though 412: She's been down here long enough to get acclimated Interviewer: {NW} {NW} It would appear so 412: Think she fusses occasionally about some of our older ladies who talk with her as if she's lived here a hundred years {NW} Interviewer: um, now uh years ago people, you said that you used to store grain in uh, these containers? 412: Yeah Interviewer: and, and you call those what? 412: Well, barrels or drums, or it would depend on might be bends if you built 'em Interviewer: okay and uh, what what what might molasses or lard come in? uh uh, years ago 412: Well, sorry we didn't buy molasses didn't buy either one, really but they'd come in uh jugs, and bottles and barrels and and there was um let me see there's a five five-gallon keg I believe you can get this stuff uh we could buy it in cans of course gallon cans that's still common Interviewer: Have you ever heard the term stand for very large quantities? stand uh now uh what might you use to uh uh drive on a team of horses what would you use to, the thing that you hit 'em with 412: You talking about the whip? Interviewer: alright and and now, uh Mister Ward told me that uh he's worked with some oxen, I don't know, did you ever have any oxen on your farm? 412: no But we had plenty of 'em around us in the depression Interviewer: were there ever uh any different types of devices you used other than whips to egg the animals on when you're out working? 412: Yeah, they I I've seen them use a kind of a long well it wasn't a cane, it must've been made out of hickory or something sort of a gold uh but other than that, course sometimes they call it bull whip Interviewer: yes okay that's, is that any different than uh 412: it's usually laced and uh heavier than an ordinary whip and it would reach farther and you could crack it uh which we had bucket whips too, you know which you wouldn't use that with oxen Interviewer: Now the bucket whips are, or uh, ho-how are they different? 412: Well, they are lighter and they are y- if if you you wanna Interviewer: I don't remember 412: encourage your horse you would just come down on him you might just tip him lightly and that's all he would need Interviewer: okay 412: course you can, you might have a horse that you'd be inclined to use it fairly sharply on him Interviewer: okay, are you 412: yeah, uh, well I don't believe you plied mules much Interviewer: No, I don't think I 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I don't think # 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Now, my granddad # was noted for being very cruel with animals, so 412: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 especially mules because # They had a tendency not to do what he wanted 'em to do 412: yeah #1 Mules are kind of an aggravating # Interviewer: #2 I think he # 412: to me too, but a good mule is better than a sorry horse Then I told 'em that there about this problem with color evading the guard he's got near interested in a little uh power color of eight I've got out there But he and I were both saying that this was still nothing as good as a good mule and a single stock to plow a garden Interviewer: a single sty? 412: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Now what's a is that the plow? 412: yeah, it's the way it's built #1 yes that's the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: thing that we were talking about yesterday you know Georgia stock {D: haymen stock} single stock #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 That's that's a # That's a one mule on a stock? 412: Mm-hmm one foot Interviewer: one foot 412: you can put scrapes, scooters, turn plows, half-shovels anything most you wanted to do Interviewer: You can use it for plowing and cultivating? 412: oh yeah #1 yeah... that # Interviewer: #2 And all that # 412: What Bill and I were wishing for, something we had to uh to cultivate with, see we can get the ground ready with heavy machinery but you can't cultivate it with heavy machinery You can take a good mule who's trained to walk either with cotton or in the yard and then I'd rather have a good mule rather than a horse horses, uh been a bit nervous and jumpy about that sorta thing sometimes yeah she'll have, she'll have Interviewer: {X} how about uh, uh The things that uh, maybe fifty or a hundred pounds potatoes would come in the bags they come in, what what would you call those? 412: Well we this is one of the things I thought about yesterday, when you and I talked with about north Alabama in our area they will say uh a poke or they may refer to poke as well like these uh fifteen twenty pound bags that they pit heavy things in that your groceries we used to, usually say croker sack or toe sack Sometimes you'd say bag and sag depending on what it was made of Interviewer: What, uh, might there be What might be, what what materials of these things could be make up you have 412: well I think that sacks we've gotten here over the years have been made out of either cotton or manila or hemp now they're making most of 'em today out of um paper you know Interviewer: yes sir 412: with a plastic lining that's the way we get all the fertilizer Interviewer: must be cheaper to make 412: I don't know, I've often wosh- wondered about it myself but I guess it is or else they wouldn't have uh done it right course it does keep your fertilizer in better shape, that plastic seal bag Interviewer: So you might, uh okay Have, uh have you ever heard any of those things where you referred to it as like a fertilizer bag as made out of say croke or burlap you ever heard of that referred to as a guano sack, or 412: Yeah, uh I don't we didn't use that generally but you, you might say give me that guano sack Interviewer: okay 412: or they, as contrasted with some other type sack you might have, they see a feed sack would be woven much of more coarsely ordinarily than uh than a cotton sa- than a this other thing you talking about uh uh feed sack would be woven very closely Interviewer: okay Now if uh if the light in the electric light here uh 412: mm-hmm Interviewer: the torch light inside that burned out, you say you'd have to buy a new 412: bulb Interviewer: okay and uh the the the bath uh the uh the thing that you carry the clothes out hang 'em up on a line is a what 412: Well I think I usually say, uh, basket I don't know what all Sally uses Interviewer: okay and uh nails, uh used to come in not, uh, big uh Not like your flour barrels, they used to come in small wooden containers, what would you call those? I called 'em nail, a barrel nailed, a nail barrels uh, yeah 412: yeah kegs Interviewer: yeah, small and what about the uh uh metal bands around the barrels, or the kegs to hold 'em together what what would you call those? 412: I don't know that I've ever called 'em anything bands or about all I can think of Interviewer: okay you ever heard of the term 'who' you ta- 412: oh yeah sure yeah #1 sure yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh, and and, what about like on a wine, uh a well even now, on on good wine bottles the the thing they put in the top of the bottle to seal it, uh what would they 412: well uh I never did dealt with wine but uh we'd usually speak of corks #1 or the {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh, alright, well I'll just use that # because that's what they still use in 412: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 or but # before I mean they used to do this for a lot of other 412: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} and # and just about anything 412: see we used corks a lot with, uh syrup in sealing it or, there was a time when you used a corn cob and then take sealing wax and put on top of that Interviewer: if if the, the thing, the stopper was made out of something other than cork 412: yeah Interviewer: alright like let's say you had a glass one would you still call it a cork? 412: No, you'd call it a stopper Interviewer: okay uh, what what do you call this little instrument that's oh about that long and it's got uh little holes on it you play it like this? 412: well we call it a harp or harmonica Interviewer: okay and how about the uh the instrument that's round and it's got a clanger in it and you put it in between your teeth 412: #1 you talking about a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: Jew's harp? Interviewer: yes sir 412: yeah Interviewer: okay and uh, what do you use to drive nails with? 412: well we use several things but you but you talking about a hammer #1 {X}... yeah # Interviewer: #2 okay, that's the most common item I suppose # and uh 412: I use blacksmith hammers and sometimes you use hatchets sometimes you use a heavy pair- pair of wire pliers Interviewer: well, yeah Or, I be use chamber lock pliers 412: yeah yeah Interviewer: uh 412: I got a part of an old transmission I mean a differential Out yonder that I use occasion {X} for putting pliers on equipment or driving a nail Interviewer: how about uh um uh if you have a wagon and two horses what's a long piece of uh, wood between the horses called? 412: you talking about the tongue? Interviewer: yes sir uh, any other names that you might have for that? 412: yeah we, let's see we've used another term for buggies hmm No, uh that'd be a one horse can't think of it now Interviewer: What would be the 412: We we sometimes would speak of the pole but this is not the term I'm trying to think of uh, go ahead that Interviewer: okay, well then the next one would be uh if you have a horse pulling a buggy you have one horse 412: #1 well right # Interviewer: #2 what's the # thing you back him in between to get him 412: well that's what Sally's talking about calves Interviewer: okay, any other names for those? 412: not that I've ever heard of Interviewer: okay, um uh, never heard of it okay 412: #1 What else, what else # Interviewer: #2 {X} well we got different # variations, how about uh thrills or uh drafts, uh, thrills how about uh uh the steel outside of a wagon, we we, what do you call that? 412: well we call it the tire Interviewer: okay uh alright and um when a horse is hitched to a wagon, what do you call the bar of wood that the traces are fastened to? 412: well I guess you call 'em singletree Interviewer: okay 412: doubletree, depending on what you've got Interviewer: Alright, well, this next one here now now the wagon if you have two horses and each one has a singletree okay uh 412: Then you've got to have a doubletree Interviewer: then then the thing that both of these are hitched to is called a doubletree 412: yeah yeah {NW} Interviewer: uh if uh if man had a load wood in his wagon, he was driving along, what would you say he's doing? 412: A little wood Interviewer: a load of wood in a in a wagon he was going to town say he was doing with that wood? 412: Well I'd guess that he's probably going to sell it, but not necessarily Interviewer: well, uh, just the act of carrying it along, would would you have a term for that? okay 412: Well if he were bringing it up from the woods to the house I'd say he's hauling wood Interviewer: okay, that's all I was looking for 412: #1 how do you say this # Interviewer: #2 Now I # 412: same thing but going to town Interviewer: right 412: We never sold wood Interviewer: oh, i forgot uh 412: I think we'd likely be inclined here to say peddling wood uh Interviewer: peddling 412: uh uh quite a few of our negroes do sell wood and that Interviewer: Well is, they do now? 412: mm-hmm see there are a lot of people who had led to pay a good price for small amounts of good oak or hickory or one or two other species just to have a fire when special friends come in or for themselves if it gets real cold at night Interviewer: yes Well I appreciate a fireplace myself, just general principle of it um we have a as a matter of fact uh, where I'm staying, uh uh There's no fireplace upstairs, so I got an an old Victorian uh uh stove 412: #1 mm-hmm, mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {X} it's very ornate # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 the, I just use it because # 412: #1 mm # Interviewer: #2 cause I just like the um # feel of a wood fire there's something very nice about it 412: Well in the Texas room in the University of Texas on the library uh I can't think of the you remember {X} if he called his name Great writer from Texas in the West Uh is this engraving on the mantle and by the fireplace and I sat down before the world's greatest philosopher an open fire Interviewer: I like how I like that there's a there's a great attraction for human beings and fireplaces 412: Yeah yeah Interviewer: That's all we want 412: think so Interviewer: Uh, what would you call now if if a tree fell, sort of in a hollow and you had to go down with people put a chain to 'em just so you have to do that tree 412: we usually dragged 'em out Interviewer: Okay 412: Sometimes you skid 'em Interviewer: skid 'em? 412: mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright now, in terms of uh, drag, I'm just gonna get the principal participle of the word here if you if you did it yesterday you say you did what? 412: I'm not sure now what you mean but Interviewer: okay just in terms of the principal part of the word 412: When it happened? Interviewer: No uh, i-if you if uh today you went down and drag i-if today or or tomorrow you you will drag a tree out of the uh of the 412: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 hollow # Well, yesterday you you did what 412: A good many of our huh-uh white people and I suspect most of the negroes would use uh past tense, drug Interviewer: Okay, what would you use? 412: I'd say dragged Interviewer: dragged, okay alright, uh now, uh uh in the springtime what uh, what what do you use to break the ground with? what's the utensil? We talked about, used a, I think you mentioned this a little earlier but 412: Well we use all sorts of things here depending on what we're doing we might use a mattock, we might use this rototiller we might use a a double cut, a double cutting arrow we might use a moldboard plower a three bottomed plower we haven't got any four-bottomed stuff we have used a two bottom, I used two bottom stuff on the ford out there uh, let's see I don't think I've run the #1 Gamma # Interviewer: #2 What was that first when you said the mattock? # 412: Mattock Interviewer: Alright what's that? 412: oh yeah, another two, we do use, Sally use that more than I do is a fork Interviewer: A fork? 412: Yeah, a long fork sole that two part about so long and very heavy tines Interviewer: Two feet long and it has tines, is it like 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 a rake # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 412: Now I don't know potato rake Interviewer: Well is it like a pitchfork that's bent at a right angle? 412: No, no it's straight straight tines, but it it's so strong that you just press down and then pull back Interviewer: oh i see 412: and the mattock you know you swing it over your head or you can choke it and do it like this Interviewer: oh i see okay Alright now after you've got the uh the ground worked up plowed up just the first plowing 412: yeah Interviewer: alright what would you use to break it up into a finer 412: Well, here again, we'd use any number of things now, we might use the Bowling's rototiller Since we've got this new one we might use the other rototiller uh in the old days, we uh, and I still got some of that uh equipment and I'm sure I keep 'em We use a little Joe hare spring tooth arrow or I've got what amounts to a little Joe hare out there right now for the Bowling's or uh we've got uh some heavy equipment on the four row, I think Bill Well I'm not sure Bill's got it Anyway, some of our growers around here use it it's a type of uh rolling cultivator uh something like a rolling arrow, you must use a lot up in it's a type of weeder really Interviewer: okay 412: it's it's so designed that it rolls fast and it would loosen the ground when the little weeds and grass are just coming up as seedlings before they take hold Interviewer: are they uh uh it's not like a {X} 412: no no They, it would be a rotary Interviewer: Yes, oh I know what you're talking okay 412: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yes # that's, okay uh How about uh, what what is the what is the thing that the wagon wheel fits on to? 412: you mean the hub? Interviewer: alright and uh, uh well the hub's the center of the wheel right? where the spokes come together or 412: yeah yeah Interviewer: and what would you take the whole wheel and you put it on that, the wooden bar, the onto the wagon what would you call that uh 412: Well we call, I guess what you talking about we call it the skein Interviewer: the skein? now, this this skein is that the uh uh metal nipple that fits over the piece of wood? 412: yeah Interviewer: okay 412: yeah Interviewer: and what's the skein attached to? 412: well, uh it would be oh, shucks it's partly attached to your fifth wheel uh Interviewer: What's just the long the long piece, uh of wood that goes from wheel to wheel what's that called? 412: Well, I guess you what you talking about is the axle, then Interviewer: okay well then it's but you got a you got the the hub the skein and the axle all attached together 412: yeah Interviewer: okay 412: yeah Interviewer: okay And the skein's just a piece of metal that the the hub has metal on metal 412: yeah Interviewer: right 412: yeah and can be greased Interviewer: Right, I learned after my, just recently from mr uh Gleb, uh 412: #1 either that or a # Interviewer: #2 i never knew about a skein before # around well this that term 412: yeah, we've acquired one or two for the museum, I haven't satisfied myself yet that uh any one of 'em is good enough to ever put on display but we've got a buggy skein that one of these kinda brass embossments fancy ones Interviewer: Wouldn't brass be uh, softer than some of the other metals? 412: well brass was on the outside #1 anyways, for decoration, it's for one of these # Interviewer: #2 oh oh # 412: flashy buggies you know Interviewer: okay uh, now in the morning you might uh uh use two things to uh straighten your hair, you might comb it or you might uh 412: Well, brush it I suppose Interviewer: okay and uh, in a in a barber shop uh when you take a {X} you might have one here too or in the house uh, when you take a straight razor and you wanna hone it you use a uh leather what? 412: Well I'd say we strop it Interviewer: okay 412: {NW} Interviewer: okay and uh um uh what do you call the uh egg shaped frame uh it's usually out in the yard and you lay a log or something it's often used for firewood 412: Well, uh Let's see we used to use those a lot I have called 'em the uh the basket but this is not the, we had another term for it oh, shucks i don't think we ever called it the rack I don't know anymore! It's gone Interviewer: Okay Uh, how about just a uh an A-shape frame, like what the carpenters use Looks, looks a little bit like 412: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} quarter drawn # 412: When you had to have something to hold that but we have used that uh We just call that a horse Interviewer: okay how about uh uh what do you call the round that you put into uh, a rifle or revolver 412: You talking about the cartridge? Interviewer: yes sir um and uh uh the when children take like a one of these saw horses or a horse and uh um uh put it out in the yard, you take a plank you lay over it, one gets on one end and the other gets on the other end 412: a see-saw Interviewer: okay, you you have any other names you might use for that? 412: what? What's that? Auxilliary: Teeter-totter 412: I don't believe I ever used that one I can't think of any other one I ever heard used Interviewer: okay How about, uh, have you ever heard of Around here now, you might've, well you anywhere uh uh a board that uh uh the same board that you might use for a uh see-saw take it off 412: yeah Interviewer: the frame and you attach it to, to uh uh maybe two uh um horses only you attach each end of the board, where it's limber in the middle with the board, you attach both ends 412: #1 Mm-hmm, mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 to the board, which in the middle # Maybe a chip, uh a child to get up in the middle of it and jump up and down like a trampoline, only only on the board 412: yeah Interviewer: you ever heard of that? 412: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 ever, ever seen that or heard of that? # Okay, that might be more from the uh, Carolina area 412: What do they call it? Interviewer: a driving board 412: {X} Interviewer: okay how about a uh uh board that was attached to maybe a stump or a uh a permanent fixture that was uh like a stump, it was just a solid center object where the board was attached somewhere in the middle to a seat see-saw but it was, uh, with a bolt in the middle where it would go in circles 412: well, I think uh, you talking about what we call uh many things that apply to anything, merry go around Interviewer: okay, or uh would there be uh uh uh, would it be like, alright What, have you heard any other names for that? 412: I don't think of any Interviewer: okay have you ever heard the term, uh like um "flying jenny"? 412: oh yeah, yeah yeah sure Interviewer: okay 412: yeah Interviewer: Alright, and if if two children were out in the yard on a on seesaw, and they were doing it at the time you'd say they are If you wanted to tell someone that the children are outside just the progressive form of seesaw 412: I don't know if I'd say anything but seesawing Interviewer: okay okay and um, what do you call the um when you have two ropes coming down off a limb, and a plank between 'em and the children get on it and go back and forth what do you call that? 412: well, that's just a plain swing to us Interviewer: okay 412: I li- that's like the old gag now you know what you call monkeys in South America? Interviewer: No sir 412: monkeys Interviewer: oh Well now some people might call it a swing-swing 412: uh-huh Interviewer: You know, and not know it as anything else, or something 412: Excuse me just a sec- Interviewer: Excuse me {NS} See, now, you're, you're interested in uh in uh You belong, you, he mentioned that you belong to the uh the D-A-R, daughters of the confederacy? and uh, what other organizations are you in? Auxilliary: Oh, I I I normally... I originally {X} a lot of {X} probably when I was on {X} for eighteen years Interviewer: that's a long time Auxilliary: Well I've been running {X} again for another term He was tired of me coming home and {X} couldn't get nothing but the federal government wanted and I said well if I'm not concerned, I'm not worth a dime Interviewer: hmm Auxilliary: So I didn't run the next term, that was elected basis, I was a {X} but Interviewer: um uh Is, most of the people around here Democrats? Auxilliary: Well yes, most of 'em Interviewer: I know Well I mean you know, he said that traditionally that Auxilliary: yeah Interviewer: most people around here all pretty much Democrats Auxilliary: that's right Interviewer: and, and and Methodist or baptist You had very many other de- denominations? in the area Auxilliary: We had some I knew that {X} in Albany uh Episcopalian Lutheran, we have some Lutherans that live in this community uh We have, uh have had some you know Episcopalian, some still {NS} and few Catholics just most anything you want, we've got Mormons and living right up here, they're building a church Interviewer: The Mormon, Mormons? Auxilliary: uh-huh up the road here, on the {X} creek farms subdivision they're in the process of building a church {X} Interviewer: you have any uh, Spanish Auxilliary: No, we #1 have # Interviewer: #2 people in your area # Auxilliary: No we have a one young woman that uh uh, a Thai lady that lives in our community she married a a Major that grew up here and he's brought her back here and she is a delightful person she uh she's uh Thai educated, has a Master's degree from a university in Thailand and her she has two little girls that are just adorable I taught 'em in Sunday School for a while and and they come up here and they be going, they go to a private school in Albany and they wanna stop by and see mrs Nun They said they were, they're just as cute as they can be she's a tiny little girl and she has uh, been real relied granddaughter was in school, and she I remember had a Thai friend and so she was sort of lonely, I think when they get over here They they they are lonesome it's different, and so she has her husband works at the University now, with the uh veteran's program and uh so all the Thai people that he meets they have him down to eat Interviewer: Mm Auxilliary: and this girl came down the other night to eat, remember that she said that uh I read {X} that they just talked in their Native language to each other, you know I guess they hadn't been able to do that talk to anybody in the language that they knew first, they all speak English and but it's uh different, I'm sure she gets mighty lonesome she comes up here I she calls me up sometime and she came one morning, she called me, and she says "Would you like to have some cucumbers?" and I said "I would love to have some Tiny, but don't bring 'em" "Oh I'll come up there with 'em" and she came up here with this beautiful basket about this big around full of just the right sized cucumbers pickles and and I just, they looked so pretty in the basket, I just admired the basket so much and so they're getting ready to go back to Thailand this fall, last summer last fall, I mean and I so that before she left, she came came up one afternoon to tell us goodbye they were going to visit her parents and she brought me that basket and gave it to me, I said "why Tiny, She said, "Well I have two of 'em and you liked it so I want you to have it" Interviewer: Oh Auxilliary: and things like that and other things that they've brought us course these are, these are Thai lamps this came from Thailand, that's tea He sent me these from Thailand And I didn't know what their vases were originally vases were, he sent me a pair of 'em well I didn't there was a little bitty hole about that big I didn't know what you could do with 'em so I took 'em to the interior decorator, he sent 'em to Atlanta and had 'em made into lamps and uh #1 Yes! uh # Interviewer: #2 They look very good # Auxilliary: different things that they've that they've brought us grass, back and all they always bringing us something back so that when they they came back this time, they brought me a beautiful salad bowl and and uh, individual out of teak wood and uh course they knew we grew fruit so it's made in the shape of a pear, and the individual salad bowls are pears and the spoon and the fork things like that that they just have things that they have so many pretty things that come to {X} Interviewer: yes Auxilliary: get the end, and she she can't come she's a a Buddhist but she comes to our church and uh she's studying Christianity and uh course I don't know much about her Buddhist beliefs {NW} you know, people, you just can't they're so different the things that they do and the way the meals she has had us down several times to eat and the food is delicious and she cooks a regular Thai meal like she would cook it if she was at home and she cooks it on these woks Chinese things, now I, I don't think cooked in one of those things, but she cooks everything in that and then she serves it so beautifully as she would if she were in Thailand and and have no knife on the table no everything is cut in bite-size pieces Interviewer: that's Auxilliary: and she likes to have the way she's served it the soup, and now I noticed Jimmy had a grill going in the backyard and I thought "well that's strange this time the grill was still going" and he was heating the charcoal to put in this funny looking container it was a round thing, sort of looked like a lamp, one of these kerosene lamps we have, it was metal and they put the charcoal down in the bottom of that thing, somewhere to keep the soot piping hot Interviewer: oh Auxilliary: A smart idea, wasn't it? Interviewer: {NW} I guess so, well it's probably you know they don't have Auxilliary: #1 they don't have things # Interviewer: #2 electricity, they can't # Auxilliary: to use, but they had and and she brought one back with her and she used it on the table, and she served the soup with little rice bowls out of that and it was delicious and she served, she had chopsticks on the plates first time I had seen hand-carved ivory, with little elephants on top I said, "Now Tiny, you know I can't eat with these things" she said "I just wanted you to see how we set the table" Interviewer: Oh {NW} Auxilliary: she was trying to let me see how she would set the table if she were in Thailand but she ate with 'em and she fed the children with 'em and her stepson he ate with 'em They, I don't know how they did it but they did Interviewer: I noticed Have you ever had, uh, had a genuine Alabama meal for her? Auxilliary: oh yeah Interviewer: Huh, I gotta crack, like a crack my {NW} Auxilliary: You know, well I've but, she sent me oh she and bamboo soup We have, just an old cane patch out here in the back just canes and it's bamboo to her and she came up here and cut some of that stuff and made bamboo soup out of it but she brought us some Interviewer: did it taste alright? Auxilliary: oh, it was alright if you knew how to do it I wouldn't know how to fix it but they use chicken so much as a base I I she brought it in a dish casserole, and I said "Well I can't take this back empty" That wouldn't be right, I just had and I worried and worried about what I could cook that she would like Interviewer: Mm Auxilliary: In that, take home to her in that dish well I make a di- a dish out of noodles and ground beef and pepper and celery and soy sauce and all that it's real good, we like it so I said "well I believe I'll fix that and I carried it down there and it has almonds on the top just in time for her lunch eating which I and she took the lid off the casserole and she said "ooh" "I'm gonna eat this for my lunch it smells so good" and she liked it! but I didn't know whether she would, you know? you didn't know what to do but I knew I couldn't send it back empty Interviewer: right Auxilliary: I had to put something in that bowl before I took it back Interviewer: sure Auxilliary: but she's just delightful person, just as attractive as she can be uh her parents are still over there and uh Interviewer: They may, they may be there for quite a while now Auxilliary: yeah and her sister is came back with 'em and she was married in California now i guess that they have no brothers or sisters, the parents are the only ones that are left over there and I bet you they tried to get 'em out too Interviewer: yeah Auxilliary: I don't know Interviewer: Well they could probably {X} them out of Thailand, Thailand's not overrun yet Auxilliary: but uh she, I don't know whether that that her father would come, he's one of these religious, uh he's not uh a monk, as they call 'em in uh Buddhist religion but uh Interviewer: A holy man? Auxilliary: yeah, he's one of those and and he, um Jim, the husband, said that he would go in his room and he would stay for two or three days, just praying things like, and you wouldn't even see him I guess that's what you'd call it Interviewer: yeah Auxilliary: And I bet you he wouldn't leave Interviewer: Not too many Christians do that Auxilliary: No, that's the truth Interviewer: {NW} Auxilliary: Sister, they just live in a different kind of situation, everything about 'em that they do differently but she's real attractive and they {X} they've had several professors from the university of Thailand have been in America on an exchange program and they have had 'em to eat, and they have had 'em to our church and and we have t- this to the {X} they were just delightful people too nice folk that they had 412: You gonna have to come ride with me or stay here and visit with Sally a little bit, I got to go close up the museum Interviewer: oh okay 412: I'll be back in a few minutes Interviewer: let me turn this off then {NS} {NW} okay, see where we were oh okay uh what do you uh use to carry coal in? 412: Well we always used a scuttle {NW} Interviewer: okay 412: {NW} Interviewer: Alright and now we have a stove like a, like a wood-burning stove in the kitchen or something like that uh, {NW} what runs from the stove to the chimney? 412: Stove to the chimney, I guess you're talking about the pipe Interviewer: okay is there any difference between a flume and a stove pipe? 412: Well you could use a stove pipe for a flue but you wouldn't usually want to do that Fact we had our renter down here, tried to do it and he just was running all sorts of risk of us burn down that house You wouldn't, you wouldn't permit it if you saw it N-not the way we usually turn it down here Interviewer: Okay, what is the difference between a chimney and a flue? 412: well Interviewer: I mean a stovepipe, you know and the chimney too 412: {NW} {NW} I would say most installations I've seen where you have a an iron stove or similar similar item you would take your pipe to a flue Course i-if you were out camping at night you had it uh uh protected some way against heating and a fire you might just run a stovepipe out of a tin and these youngsters down here at that house they took out a windowpane and ran it through the window and then turned it upright onto the ease of the house Interviewer: oh kinda strange 412: Most, most uh flues Not all of 'em but most flues around here would have hangers too that uh iron hangers usually that you set you flue on Interviewer: okay how about uh what do you call a small vehicle used to carry bricks or mix cement in, it has one wheel in the front and two uh 412: I guess you talking about a wheel barrow Interviewer: Any other names you might have for this? 412: uh Not, uh well we'll say a barrel but ordinarily they'll put the wheel with it Interviewer: Uh, what's the implement that you use to sharpen the side of 412: Well we use uh two or three things we, we sometimes use a heavy file steel file {NW} and uh sometimes we'll use a a whetstone or {NW} {NW} they now have on the markets you know the, and {D: naturally} whetstone itself but it's called by some other name too you have a hammer on it and uh it's um it's a carborundum stone {NS} I use that a good bit now Interviewer: Are those any better than the uh 412: uh Well there were whetstone like Papa used to use it was mighty good but you run some risk if you if you should slip on a sharp blade and that carborundum stone with the handle if you have any caution and any sense at all you don't run any danger slicing part of your hand off Interviewer: How about the kind of sharpening device, that has, it's a wheel, and it sometimes has a handle or a wheel that you turn, use 412: yeah well We got the grindstone and we also have the emery wheel we got 'em both down there at the museum Interviewer: did you ever have any of those on the farm? 412: We had, no not the emery wheel that's a that's a fairly modern thing for our area I'm sure a few machinists machine shops must've had 'em we always used a grindstone Interviewer: okay, if a, like if something's squeaking, like a wheel on a... if something's squeaking and you had to take it down to the filling station, you'd have to take one of those lubricating things and you'd do what with the car? 412: well we'd usually say Alamine Interviewer: Alamine? 412: mm-hmm Interviewer: Would you ever use the other term? 412: Well, greasy? Interviewer: Yeah 412: yeah Interviewer: okay, and uh 412: oh you might uh you might say oily, depending on what was squeaking if the springs were squeaking he'd probably sc- spray uh, uh uh oil Interviewer: Okay, uh, what is it you used to burn in lamps? 412: well we'd burn kerosene Interviewer: okay, any other names you might use for kerosene? 412: Well, coal oil is about the only other thing I they might think of Interviewer: okay, have you ever heard of a makeshift lamp that might be made out of a bottle, a rag out of the top? 412: I've seen it, uh, this is this is what we would call a makeshift but i never heard any Interviewer: never had a proper name used? 412: no Interviewer: you ever heard the term flambeau? 412: Yeah, yeah sure, but flambeau well I guess it's from kerosene too, isn't it? Yeah, w-we're quite familiar with the flambeau Interviewer: okay, how would you make a flambeau? Same way? 412: Well, Sally's father was a railroad man, think the whole family were either doctors or railroad men and they had a standing piece of equipment with a heavy weight that they put into it Interviewer: hmm 412: yeah Interviewer: Was it regular, like a commercial flambeau? 412: yeah yeah Interviewer: And what do you call the, well in the newer tires they have no uh #1 uh # 412: #2 You # talking about inner tubes? Interviewer: Right, okay, and if you just build a boat and it's never been in the water before you go down to the water's edge, and you do what to it? it's never 412: Well you grease the ways I don't know whether that's what you're getting at or not Interviewer: Wait what is the term, sir? 412: I'd say you grease the ways Interviewer: greasy ways? 412: W-A-Y-S Interviewer: oh I didn't know that 412: {NW} Interviewer: You know I've never heard that at all 412: You do that with big ships, too Interviewer: oh Well what about the ceremony where they take like a bottle of champagne? 412: Yeah Interviewer: is that what they call it? 412: yeah, well I don't know what they call it uh suppose a christening Interviewer: yeah, and then the whole ceremony where the ship backs into the water 412: Y-yeah, just slides down the ways into the Interviewer: oh or You ever heard, well I was just trying to get to the term launch 412: yeah Interviewer: uh, alright, what do you, what kind of a boat would you go fishing in on a small laker? what's the name of the boat? 412: Well we've got a bateau you, you could use a canoe uh but we don't use canoes around here much Interviewer: Any other names that you might have for a bateau? 412: well uh, you quite often say, rowboat {NW} Interviewer: okay I'm skipping over some of these grammatical items, there's no 412: #1 Whole # Interviewer: #2 yeah # conversation that we got, I'm sure that's in there if uh uh If a woman wanted to buy a a dress of a certain color, she would take in a little square of cloth to use as a 412: um pattern I reckon Interviewer: alright, or in some of the older, like chocolate boxes, they used to have a top layer that we call 412: you got me there Interviewer: #1 uh # Auxilliary: #2 sampling # 412: huh? Auxilliary: sampling sampling? Interviewer: yeah, so would just a piece of cloth be a Auxilliary: sampling 412: sampler sample, yeah yeah now I know what you're talking about Interviewer: #1 okay # 412: #2 mm # Interviewer: and uh, what might a woman wear over her clothes in the kitchen to keep 'em from getting dirty while working in the kitchen? 412: well apron would be one thing but they've got another one now they put on, all the way on the front, what's that, Sally? Auxilliary: I don't know Aprons, they they make 'em all the way like that 412: well Apron would be the only name I know of Interviewer: and um a writing utensil that they used to dip in ink, that had, was an ink, what would you call that? 412: well I've always called it a fountain pen or a pen Interviewer: okay and what do you call the devices used to attach diapers? 412: well, safety pins Interviewer: okay And in grocery stores, well soup comes in cans, well all the canned goods and the material that the that the cans are made out of, we used to call 'em what kind of cans? 412: talking about tin cans? Interviewer: Yes sir, and two nickels make how many cents? 412: nine Interviewer: or how ma- 412: ten cent Interviewer: Okay we're just getting that pronunciation involved Alright, in the winter time, if it's cold outside, you wouldn't wanna go out without a You wouldn't wanna go outside without something on 412: Well I've depending on how cold it was, I'd either use a sweater or an old coat or a heavy jacket or Might use the way a gunman apparel sold today uh a flight jacket Interviewer: flight jacket? 412: yeah Interviewer: And uh, in old years ago, what might a man, a well-dressed man wear to church on Sunday? years ago, you know few years back Or just, you know, any old, what might your father wear to church on Sunday if he went to church on Sunday? 412: Well I was trying to think of a type of suit used to have way back yonder uh oh it wasn't made from wool, it was made uh an alpaca suit in the wintertime I believe Auxilliary: {X} 412: Yeah, yeah Interviewer: what was that? 412: {D: Lusage} Interviewer: what's that, what type is that? 412: it's a dark nav- you'd call navy blue wouldn't you Interviewer: is it coarse material or? slick 412: No, it's fairly fairly slick, not like silk Interviewer: No, but does it have kind of a sheen to it? 412: yeah yeah Interviewer: and heavy? 412: y- well I'd say middle weight Sally, all we've ever worn down here Interviewer: Well if {NW} um {NW} excuse me between the jack, the outside coat of a suit 412: yeah Interviewer: and your dress shirt 412: #1 You talking about a # Interviewer: #2 Some people might # 412: vest? Interviewer: yeah, some people might wear that And then what would you call the bottom part of the suit? the {X} 412: uh, cuffs Interviewer: Well I mean, the whole garment 412: Well we'd call 'em trousers Interviewer: Alright, anything any other name- 412: We used to call 'em britches Interviewer: okay, and, any other name you might use for that other than trousers and britches? or britches 412: I don't think of anything {NW} No, I don't think of anything else at the minute Interviewer: okay, uh- 412: pants, of course Interviewer: right okay and the, well you know the Levi's, the new 412: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 blue jeans, Levi's # You always have to buy them a size larger because they're going to 412: shrink Interviewer: okay and if they've already done that, you say they have 412: Well they if they've done that in advance, it's uh not moisturize huh Interviewer: You can say they're pre- 412: Well preshrunk Interviewer: okay or you could say sanfored 412: yeah That's what I what I was trying to think of but I couldn't think of anything but moisturize Interviewer: okay and uh {NW} {NW} If a person is putting buttons on a coat, what would you say that they were doing? And just, you can say put- sow a button if you were asked #1 to- # 412: #2 just # just putting buttons on a coat to be sewing them on? Interviewer: yeah, if you had a button missing and you asked your wife to sow a button 412: #1 Well I'd just say she # Interviewer: #2 What would you ask # 412: I'd ask her if she put on a button or maybe sew a button on Interviewer: okay would never say anything like, sew a button onto 412: No I don't believe I've ever used onto Interviewer: okay, if a child goes out and gathers a lot of pecans and he has like sweater pockets, you know, cardigan, sweater or something, and he has 'em stuffed in his pockets and you know, his pockets starting to rip out, You'd say his pockets are 412: Well I'd say they're bulging Interviewer: okay, uh, and a young lady, maybe before she goes to church, stands in front of the mirror and she stands there an hour or so, maybe an hour and a half or so, putting on makeup and combing her hair, putting on powder and things, what would you say she's... 412: Well, I think we might say, either prettying up or primping or something else maybe Interviewer: okay and what's the um container that a woman has, that she carries her money in, has a clasp on it, maybe carries it around on her arm 412: Well I say purse pocketbook Or Sally, there's two or three more what else yeah, handbag Interviewer: okay, uh, how about would you call that if it was for coins? I mean if you had one yourself for coins 412: Well we use the word coin purse for one thing and then depending on the nature of it we'd sometimes say pocketbook Interviewer: Okay, like the little one with the clasp on it? 412: yeah Interviewer: okay 412: yeah Interviewer: uh, and what about the thing a woman might wear around her wrist, that's not a watch, just a ornament what would you call that? 412: you talking about a bracelet? Interviewer: yes sir and around a woman's neck she might just be wearing, it has a bead, they're like pearls, but maybe little wooden things, they're not valuable at all, what would you call a {D:messo} strung around her neck? 412: Well Y- you're not talking about a necklace Interviewer: Well it would be, yes it would be a necklace of a sort, but it would just be made out of little round balls that are strung on a string if you ever uh like a string of 412: Think I've ever known a you talking about a string of pearls? Interviewer: Well it could be pearls, in this case, maybe just a little wooden balls or something, not quite as valuable as pearls you ever heard of like a string of beads or 412: I don't recall anything What is it? what is one word? Interviewer: Well it's just a string of beads, or Auxilliary: Beads? 412: yeah Interviewer: you ever heard that expression? 412: String of beads? Interviewer: yes 412: Yeah but I wouldn't say speak of that, I don't believe if it's a if it's a wooden bead Interviewer: Okay what would you call it if it was wood 412: I don't think I've ever heard it called to tell you the truth Interviewer: Uh uh what did men used to use to hold their pants up? 412: {NW} Been so long since I used 'em, I've forgotten that too Interviewer: {NW} 412: suspenders Interviewer: okay, is there any other term you might've used? 412: Yeah, the men around here used to use some other term, let's see if I can remember what it was um use supporters on your socks You used galluses of course galluses {X} suspenders I don't think of anything else all right quick Interviewer: okay Now on a pair of overalls, bibbed, you call those things over your shoulder, you call those anything special? 412: We used to call 'em straps Interviewer: okay How about, what would you carry, an {X} over your head To keep rain 412: We usually said umbrella, I've heard some people say parasol Interviewer: Do you know, can you think of any difference between parasol and umbrella? 412: I usually think of a parasol as more of a lady's piece of equipment Interviewer: Would it be used for inclement weather, fair weather, or what? a parasol 412: No, she might go to a tennis match on a sunny day carry a parasol Interviewer: uh 412: I think of an umbrella as always a rain protector Interviewer: um what's the last thing that you put on a bed? when you're making a bed 412: you talking about a pillow? 412: pillow sham? Interviewer: alright it might, okay what was that again please? 412: pillow sham Interviewer: what's a pillow sham? 412: well we had pillow shams on all those down yonder that would've been the last thing you put on over a bed Interviewer: because they were on top of the 412: yeah it's a Sally would you call those ornaments and? #1 Why did they use # Auxilliary: #2 That was # all they would use because it didn't have That they just covered up the pillows during the day 412: Mm-hmm it's an it's just, it's not a uh sack at all, it's just one piece in it that you kept on up here Auxilliary: piece of it of cloth that faces to the headboard of the bed and just sorta covers up the pillow on the bed 412: and you might have epigrams or one thing or another quite often Interviewer: and is this just 412: his hers for example Interviewer: and it would just like {NW} excuse me, keep dust and stuff off the pillows? 412: Yeah I'm sure it did, that, did you use it for that Sally? {NW} Auxilliary: I never did, we never did have 'em at home 412: Mama used 'em some Auxilliary: and those down at the museum are real old, one of 'em is dated, the date on it is eighteen ninety-eight embroidered into the cloth and um, it um and they used 'em and there are little places that they have clips like things on the bed that stitched to hold 'em up in place they did long time ago Interviewer: And they're like a tent, sometimes this #1 {X} # 412: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: that's interesting how about nowadays, you wouldn't use a, what did you call this? a pillow 412: Pillow sham. Interviewer: #1 Sham? # 412: #2 S-A- S-H-A-M # Interviewer: sham nowadays you wouldn't use it, what would be the last thing you'd put on a bed now? Auxilliary: You don't make up the bed, do you? 412: Oh, no Interviewer: okay 412: I, I'm lost there I think Auxilliary: The bedspread! 412: oh {NW} Auxilliary: I told you you didn't make up the bed! 412: I was trying to think of some correlation to pillow sham Interviewer: What might you find on a bed? uh you know, on a bed that's completely made, what might you find laying on it? what's all the pieces that 412: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 have on it? # 412: you would have sheets and uh either blankets, or quilts, or electric spreads, and they're going out of use though often now, we used to Auxilliary: {X} 412: We used to have one for every bed in this house I believe Interviewer: What was that, sir? 412: The electric spreads Interviewer: oh, like 412: And then of course you'd have pillows, and uh, pillowcases Interviewer: Would you ever have anything like that you'd put your feet across, like a feet warmer? Not a warmer, but an extra piece of 412: Yeah, uh Sally and I sort of cold, put it in the winter put up, as she says Auxilliary: #1 down comforter # 412: #2 Afghan # Yeah Interviewer: What was that again? 412: Afghan Interviewer: Afghan? 412: #1 uh-huh # Auxilliary: #2 That's a handmade crocheted thing, you know # Interviewer: Is that a, would they be inclined to do that years ago? 412: No, yeah, I don't know about that Interviewer: Maybe you've 412: #1 I don't, # Interviewer: #2 seen # 412: I never heard of Afghans when I was growing up Interviewer: Okay 412: Uh is it an old item? Auxilliary: Yeah they used 'em, they might not have told 'em that It's made of handmade crocheted thing you know They probably had some assembly {X} Interviewer: okay Have you ever heard of a, it's a large pillow that goes all the way across maybe a double bed Maybe sometimes a roll, have you ever heard of anything like that? What you might call okay 412: What, what is she's a bolster? Interviewer: bolster, you ever heard of a bolster? Sometimes referred to as a slam, or a plum, or a jam? 412: Uh, {NW} that's all new to me Interviewer: okay What types of land would you have on the farm that you have in here, but what kind of lands did you have? the types of land {NW} You mean it's the topography or 412: #1 soil type, or what # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, it'd be the topography be fine # 412: Well Interviewer: We'll get into soil types 412: Yeah We, we had an I do have on the home place bottom lands or gravel lands or sloping lands or rolling lands or some hilly lands, some steep lands uh, some level And we would also use uh in farm terms, we'd speak of this as being cultivatable or see what else we might use Course we'd have gullied lands sometimes eroded lands {NW} That's about all I can roll off right quick Interviewer: You mentioned, you say, swampy? Did you say that? 412: I think I said bottom Interviewer: #1 lands # Interviewer: #2 oh I'm sorry # What kind of, what soil types would you have? 412: Oh lord, hmm I can just take our Interviewer: Well just, uh 412: Take our own land cuz there are some hundreds I believe Sort of classifications in this county alone {NS} We mostly have, uh Norfolk and Orangeburg some Tifton, I believe there's a little Ruston And then a whole series of soil types, I was actually looking at that last night, I guess it was Night before last, when a friend called about the location of a church Uh and then uh, we would have uh sandy, and sandy loam loamy sand uh some clays uh this Tifton soil is a gravelly uh well really it's a pebbly soil we would have uh sticky soils, or tight soils, or permeable soils I don't know what else You could kind of rattle #1 on on that for # Interviewer: #2 okay # 412: #1 a long time # Interviewer: #2 okay, uh # What, if the land is very rich, it has everything you like, we were talking about this land 412: Yeah Interviewer: Around here, there's so much that you had to stop putting phosphate on. What would you say that land is, it'll produce almost anything, it's very 412: Well, we'd usually say rich Interviewer: rich, would you ever say anything else, like uh well, use a different expression Like if you have two cans of eggs, there's eggs that, hens that are made to lay, never have contact with roosters, and then there's hens that are 412: You talking about, well this would be always be a case of fertility Interviewer: alright So if you just had the use of the adjective, if you're just talking about a piece of land that was, it was very 412: Well, I'm sure what you're thinking about is fertile Interviewer: okay 412: And we use that term often, but I don't believe we'd use that either of those infertile or fertile necessarily, maybe not as often as we'd use 'em, we, we quite often say this is poor land Interviewer: Poor? 412: #1 except # Interviewer: #2 uh, or rich # 412: yeah, poor, rich or you might have some, you might be more inclined to say this is real good land uh Interviewer: okay 412: Or y- 412: Robert's been predicting that he would die for a long time or {NS} felt like he would. Interviewer: {X} He uh uh responded well during the interview. Like I thought he personally this is just my opinion I think he would have enjoyed doing it because again he started reminiscing and 412: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 and I think he got # fairly active. But I- I believe his family thought it might be a little bit too much {X} 412: Well he must be uh Sally we'd better go down and see him soon. Uh Robert said well he is oh nine He's about three years older than I am {C: tape distortion} seventy-four. Interviewer: Yeah I believe he's I believe that's what he did say cuz I did ask him 412: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 his age. # Matter of fact I know a {X} 412: {NW} Interviewer: Uh seventy-three. 412: Mm. But he'll be seventy-four before the end a' the year then. {C: tape distortion} See I'll be seventy-one in September and we're about three years apart. Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape distortion} Uh what's n- would you mind uh naming some of the streams that are off- uh or creeks in the community that you have around here? 412: Oh yeah. Yeah. That's no {C: tape distortion} You gonna write these down? Interviewer: No they'll be on tape. 412: I'll name 'em if you write 'em down. Interviewer: No no. I ain't gonna I don't wanna write 'em cuz they'll be on tape. 412: Well {C: creek name} for example. Interviewer: Ch- {C: tape silence} {C: creek name} 412: {C: creek names} Interviewer: Are these creeks or streams now? 412: Well some are small streams. Most of 'em are we call creeks and the {C: creek name} of course is a bunch a' what farther north they would call rivers. But uh we use the term creek much more often than uh I find in Tennessee or north Alabama for example. Uh then {NW} We've got over on this part a' the uh county in- in the upper part there are {C: river names} Big {X} Little {X} And the Chattahoochee of course. And then up in {NW} excuse me s- Chamber's county we've got a lot more. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 412: Indian names that I don't keep in my mind too well. I'm barely familiar with our own county creek. Interviewer: When uh uh 412: {C: creek name} I forgot that one. That's one of the biggest ones. Interviewer: {C: creek name}? 412: {C: creek name}. Interviewer: We- is there- is there any type of a k- a k- a k- uh qualitative difference or quantitative difference between the size of a body of water before you call it a stream or a creek? 412: Well Yeah. {X} I said to you a while ago I noticed long time ago that uh north of us they are inclined to call a lot of streams uh rivers. That wouldn't be any bigger than our {X} or the Saugahatchee. We we usually speak of uh small {NW} very small streams {X} just fed by a spring or two. This would likely be a branch as it started. A- as it was fed by more and more strea- uh branch uh {X} springs and uh uh tributaries it might become a creek. But we're inclined to speak of the larger streams without any designation like Chattahoochee or {C: stream name} or Saugahatchee or {C: stream names} Tennessee. Interviewer: I noticed on some a' the signs they'll say rivers. {X} 412: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: So there is sort of uh a difference between a creek a stream and a river in the sense 412: Yeah. Uh keeping in mind that uh uh m- many of the larger creeks as we use the name would be called rivers in a lot of n- places north of us. It's true of north Alabama I think. Interviewer: Okay uh if you had some bottom land uh that water uh was on- stood on for uh oh two three five months out of the year uh uh and you wanted to farm it what would you have to do to the water? 412: Well it would depend uh on the type of soil and on the type of sub-soil Uh we would likely uh drain it off in some way. Interviewer: W- how would you drain it? 412: Well we just might plow furrows or go in there with equipment heavy enough to open up some ditches to get the water running off. Draining off. Uh You might dynamite or blast out uh ditches to Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 412: #2 take it off if it's staying that long. # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 412: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} If uh {NS} If you- if you had some uh rolling farmland and it rained hard for maybe three four five days and it started uh eroding a little bit 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 What do you # And it- and it- it caused a uh uh uh sort of a small valley maybe ten feet deep about ten feet 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 wide what would you # call that? 412: Gully. Interviewer: Gully? Okay. 412: You'd speak of the rain being a gully washer. Interviewer: Gully washer? 412: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh would you have any other names for that? 412: Well you'd you might put together the phrases gully washer and trash mover. Interviewer: Trash mover? 412: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is- is that the same? 412: Well {NW} This means that you dig out gullies and you'd carry away with you all the loose trash of whatever sort there might have been on the surface. Interviewer: Oh. Oh I see. Okay. {NS} Uh {NS} Uh would you uh wh- what- what's a very st- designations that you might use to refer to uh uh you've already mentioned the word hill I believe uh when you're talking about land tax but what- what other designations might you refer to uh a rise of ha- of land like a s- a small hill? Do you refer to 412: #1 Well we might # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: use the word knoll. {NW} me my throat. {C: coughing} Interviewer: Okay. 412: {NW} I think I'm gonna have to get me something else and sip it. Uh Auxiliary: I'll get you something. {NS} 412: Yeah that might help honey. {NW} Uh {X} uh You might speak of a ridge. {NS} A ridge would imply uh moderately high uh spot of land but it would not be just uh a peak. It would stretch out for some distance. {NS} {NW} Uh Of course Eh if you went west and that's got nothing to do with- with us uh in the west of uh well the high plains you'd {NS} you'd speak of a s- an escarpment. {NS} Interviewer: Escarpment? 412: Yeah. E-S-C-A-R-P-M-E-N-T. {NS} Interviewer: Now isn't that more like a- a bluff area where 412: Yeah that's where it'd go right straight up. Uh that's what you do to get on the high plains and all. Auxiliary: Is- could that also be called uh uh something else? I mean uh 412: Well it could be called a bluff. Interviewer: Alright wh- what would be another w- uh word for uh like if you came to an edge of- of a very high plateau type and went straight down. Auxiliary: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 What- what would you call that? # 412: Well we'd s- sometime would call it cliff. Interviewer: Okay uh uh 412: {NW} Interviewer: What are also some of the other uh names? You may not have 'em in this county but what're all the- the other names that uh you can think of for land elevation? Topologically you know. Land 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 elevation. # 412: Yeah. {NW} Well y- y- you thinking about plateaus and Interviewer: Alright well anything 412: Knobs and Interviewer: Alright. {NS} 412: Hills. Interviewer: Mm. 412: Uh Let's see. I think I gave you most of the Interviewer: #1 Okay well # 412: #2 designations # that I can think of of the sloping or rolling land. Uh Interviewer: Well then uh the only other ones that uh that I can think of would be like uh oh like up around Chattanooga they got uh huge ones. {X} they call those what? Th- they're really big hills. 412: Well I- I guess you uh you're talking about plateaus or mountains? Interviewer: Mountains {X} 412: Plateaus on top a' the mountain. Interviewer: Alright. 412: {NW} Interviewer: Pronunciation item. 412: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 412: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh uh up- up in the mountains now uh where a road goes between uh uh uh the two hills 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 of a mountain # uh just a low- a low place that goes between and maybe a road would go through there uh uh would you have a name for that? 412: Oh yeah. That's where Sally and I nearly got killed with two other elderly people just ahead of us. Through Ocoee gorge in west Tennessee. No east Tennessee. Not west Tennessee. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. You call that a gorge? 412: Lord yeah. Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} Uh 412: Thank you hon. Interviewer: Alright. 412: You never have been through it? Interviewer: No I haven't. 412: Mm you oughta try it sometime. Interviewer: Well if you almost got killed there I don't know if I should. {C: laughing} {NS} 412: It's the biggest bunch a' damn fool truck drivers I've ever seen in my life. They haul chemicals. You see that big uh Sul- not sulfur a copper plant up at copper hill another one duck hill. No. Duck town. {NW} And they need enormous amounts of chemicals and those big trucks. They're all designated chemicals of course {X} But those drivers seem to think that they own the roads and the You should uh tip o- take off your hat or cap and tip to 'em and say yes sir go ahead. Biggest bunch a' fools I've ever seen and they- one or two of 'em really one behind the other they nearly killed Sal and me and uh this old couple about our age I think. Maybe a little older right ahead of us in another car. Interviewer: Did you go off the road? 412: No. We managed it. And to show you what a fool the lead one was {NW} uh as you come out of the gorge {NS} Uh {NS} Yeah I expect that may do me more good than this Sal. {NS} As you come out a' here right here. {NS} If I'm {X} {NS} {NW} Auxiliary: Would you like a cup a' coffee? Interviewer: Uh no ma'am. I'll take a glass a' water though. Auxiliary: Okay. Interviewer: If you don't mind. {NS} 412: Going eastward as you come out a' the gorge it's a long long mountain climb. Well these big trucks cannot make time on on those slopes upward. I never seen one yet. If they've got a load. {NS} So it's very easy to pass 'em. Well these fools {NS} had tried to just purely run over us coming down the hill you see and we were trying to observe uh the speed limits and this couple ahead of us were Actually the- much of that gorge it Interviewer: #1 Thank you very much. # 412: #2 I think uh # y- you simply can't drive safely even at the indicated top limit. But when you start on the up hill climb {NW} You can just leave those big trucks behind. And I'd already made up my mind that if I got a long drive I- I knew where the climb was and I made up my mind that if we caught up with him early enough I was gonna get ahead of him and go on and leave him. Well we passed him somewhere up the slope alright. I believe maybe he just about had gotten to the crest and was going over. Well we passed him and uh we were way ahead of him. Well that rascal it seemed to insult him so that we'd gotten ahead of him that he took out to pass us. And uh there were three There was another truck. Not as big a truck. It wasn't a chemical truck. Also down slope then as you come out a' the climb and start back down in the open country. {NW} Well I had of course pulled left coming over the uh uh brow a' the uh climb into the left lane. There was nobody coming towards us. And we uh we were soon approaching this second truck. Well that fool He seemed as I said to be so incensed that we had passed him and it looked there for oh a few seconds as if the fool would actually try to pass this other truck on his side and then try to knife through. And I didn't do a thing but just step on the car and uh got up to about eighty to get away from him. And I did. But that's the sort of men you've got to deal with and this has happened more than once but this was the worst case we ever had. Interviewer: W- Where was- where did that happen now? 412: It's uh in Ocoee gorge between uh Chattanooga and well the gorge doesn't reach to Murphy, North Carolina but uh these are two kind of tunnel points between Chattanooga and Murphy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 412: And you- I guess you'd go into the gorge about uh {NW} Fif- uh twenty miles or more east of Chattanooga I guess. And the gorge itself I think is uh twelve or thirteen miles and then this climb about a mile and a half or more. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NW} Oh what do you call a place where large amounts a' wat- like like uh like Niagara where large a- amounts a' water come over uh oh uh a cliff or something? 412: Well we call 'em falls. Uh and then I guess we'd use some other designation. Let's see. What do we use sometime Uh Well I guess in my case uh I would apply the word falls to Robinson creek over here for example just as easily as I would to Niagara. Interviewer: Alright. 412: Uh Now a' course a n- number of our c- creeks in this area just like other big stream they have rapids uh below the falls. I- I reckon that uh falls would be what I'd usually use. Interviewer: Okay. 412: {X} Interviewer: And- and what do you call uh a place where uh uh large boats or boats in general uh Sometimes in- in the old days along these uh rivers they'd stop and unload freight. What do call those? 412: W- we'd usually call those docks. And if- if you have pleasure boats uh here in this area now we're using the term marina. Interviewer: #1 Marina. # 412: #2 {X} # Mm-hmm. M-A-R I-N-O. Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay. And and 412: Course uh uh uh and we would also use uh I guess this would be a general term We would say a boat was coming into Mobile port or into the port of Savannah. Uh into fort Lauderdale Florida for example. {NW} Interviewer: has a port right? Okay. What do you call a uh uh a- a little road that goes off the main road? You know like a 412: We'd usually say a side road or field road or maybe dirt road today uh. Uh Trail sometimes. We've got some road {NW} north of us now that were once public roads that have turned into trails almost though you can get in a Jeep and {NW} travel 'em. We wouldn't try it otherwise. Interviewer: Uh and- and What do you call a uh like when you come- some farms up way off the main road 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 or way off a # side road 412: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} What do you call the- the when you go to a man's house and he has his own road going up to his house? What do you call that uh 412: Well we'd call it usually a driveway unless it was a very long distance. If {NW} I don't believe I'd be inclined to call a man's entrance road a drive way if I- if I could see the house but it was a half mile away. I'd just probably call it the field road or the road to his house. Something like that. Interviewer: And if it was planted like with trees on both sides you know and you had to kind of go through it to get would you still call it a drive way? 412: We'd be inclined to call that a drive way. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 412: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh And in- in towns uh uh the uh uh walk paths along side of the roads. What do you call those? 412: Well I guess you're talking about sidewalks. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh they're usually made out of what? {NS} 412: Well most of 'em- most of 'em I've seen made out of cement. Interviewer: Okay. You ever see any roads made out a' that same material? 412: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Around here? # 412: Sure. Interviewer: Do you have any special names for those? 412: Well we usually distinguish between uh asphalt and uh concrete roads. Interviewer: Okay. Ever refer to 'em as cement roads? {NS} 412: Uh I'd say yes. No I believe if you think about express ways uh we'd usually say concrete road. Or we might say paved roads. Interviewer: Mm. 412: {NW} Alabama {NW} uses a lot of asphalt. Georgia's been more inclined to spend a lot of uh capital in putting in uh concrete roads. Interviewer: Are they uh better roads in your estimation? 412: Well uh they last longer and course they- they maintain the evenness of the surface. Interviewer: #1 Do you get a lot a' ice down here on the roads? # 412: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 412: #2 # Occasionally. Interviewer: I know up north {X} a concrete road is uh is- is superior in some ways and inferior in others because well we get a lot a' snow and ice and uh water seeps down as it's if it hasn't frozen yet gets into the concrete. 412: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Freezes and as it freezes it {NW} expands and contracts and it chips huge chunks a' concrete out. 412: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # We get every year you have to go around almost repave everything cause you get so many potholes. That's why the roads up north are always 412: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} down south. # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 412: Well now asphalt will do that same thing. Uh it'll freeze in spots apparently and then it then begins to break up in small chunks. Interviewer: Right. 412: But a- asphalt also is much more dangerous on the {NS} uh rainy or watery road than a concrete Interviewer: #1 It's slicker. # 412: #2 {X} # Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 412: Down here we'll often have uh highway warning signs uh concrete slippery when wet {NW} or they may say of course say road slippery when wet. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you're walking down a road or lane or whatever and a- and a dog jumped out at you you know and uh it looked like it was gonna come over and bite you. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh and you pick- reach down and you uh uh uh what would and y- you could see something that you could reach down and grab. What {NW} You know. A little stone or something. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: What mi- what might you do? What would you call that? What would you do in other words? 412: Well I'd probably throw at him uh my chunk at him. Interviewer: Okay. Chunk a' ro- a chunk a' 412: Or if you had found a stick you might flail at him or strike at him or hit at him. Interviewer: Okay. 412: Swing at him. Interviewer: Alright. How about now in reference to- to coffee now there's two ways you can drink coffee basically. Uh when you're- well not two ways. There's many ways. But uh uh there's uh uh just regular coffee. Now what- what do you call uh coffee uh that has nothing in it? Other than coffee? 412: {NW} I just call it coffee I think. Interviewer: Okay well there- you know like uh uh 412: Or straight coffee. Interviewer: Straight. Or- or is there any other terms that you've heard people talk about uh 412: Just plain coffee. Well they got nicknames for it. Interviewer: Alright. 412: Uh If I can even think of them now Uh If I can even think of them now Interviewer: Have- have you ever heard the term uh uh drinking your coffee barefoot? 412: No. Interviewer: Alright. 412: They talk about drinking it straight. Interviewer: Alright. Or uh or uh in reference to the color of it with uh 412: Yeah that- that is one a' the nicknames I trying to think of {C: background noise} There's another nickname too Sally. They use uh Course we say of uh New Orleans coffee the market street coffee that uh if it dissolves your spoon it's about right. Interviewer: {NW} That's quite- yeah that's pretty rich. {C: laughing} {NW} That's pretty {X} 412: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: I don't know if I'd want to drink that. {C: laughing} {NW} 412: Well I don't drink it much. Interviewer: Okay. Uh uh Alright and in this case uh still {C: background noise} like it uh 412: Uh with and {X} some without. Interviewer: Okay. {X} Uh 412: Uh when you say sugar but no milk or milk but no sugar for example. Interviewer: Alright. I- if a child is given the same name uh uh that her mother has okay you might say that the child was named blank her mother. 412: Mm. Interviewer: Fill in that blank. {NS} 412: Named for her mother if that's what you're getting at. Interviewer: Okay. Uh uh alright if a ch- and you would say that the child's named the same name as that of her mother you'd say that the child is named for her mother. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 412: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: You might not say anything like named after her mother or 412: Yeah yeah I've {C: background noise} heard that. I guess I'd use that. I believe I'd usually say named for the mother but I've certainly heard that other {C: background noise} Interviewer: Okay. 412: Many time. Interviewer: Alright now these are next questions here are mainly animal questions. 412: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Farm animals # and some domestic animals. Uh {C: background noise} different things. {X} What's the- what's the kind of animal that barks? 412: Well dog. Interviewer: Okay. 412: And a fox. Interviewer: Okay yeah. Right. Few others. Uh although they just got the 412: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 dog here you know. Farm animal. # Uh uh if you wanted your dog to attack another person or a dog- another animal 412: Sic him. Interviewer: Okay. 412: Go get him. Uh catch him. Depends on how you train him. Interviewer: Alright. And uh uh If- if- if- if the dog is a mixed breed what might you call it? 412: Well a lot of 'em are mongrels or worse. Interviewer: Okay are there any other names that you might think of for mongrels? 412: Well we call a lot of 'em round here strays. See we've got a lot a' wild dogs. Interviewer: You mean just uh they were once domestic and just {X} stray? 412: We've we've got a type of person. I'm sure you must have seen 'em {NW} known of 'em. Well we've got type of person here in this large university. {NS} They want a pet but when they leave school or they finish school they don't seem to make any bones about just taking this kitty or pup or the dog and just dropping it out say at a house two miles out of Auburn or one mile out of Auburn. Or they'll just drop it on the road side sometime. Interviewer: Hmm. 412: Peggy and the children and Prince are always taking in strays of that kind. And we get 'em down here. {NS} Interviewer: That's not too good for the animals. {NS} Uh Alright if- if a dog liked to bite you might say the boy was blank by the dog. 412: Bitten. Interviewer: Okay. {C: background noise} And uh uh uh uh if you're trying to caution the boy you say be careful. That dog might 412: bite you. Interviewer: Okay. And- and if he- if the dog has a history of biting people you say be careful. That dog has uh in the past 412: Well I think I'd simply say {NS} that dog has bitten {NS} {D: Joe street} so and so. Interviewer: Okay. Uh 412: Or that dog will bite. Interviewer: Alright. Uh uh In- in- in a herd of cattle what- what might you call the male? {C: background noise} 412: we usually call him just plain bull. Interviewer: Okay {C: background noise} Uh {NS} well uh {NS} Did was it polite- I mean did you 412: No you said the male. Interviewer: Alright but you wouldn't speak around uh women uh uh 412: about the bull. Interviewer: About the bull. 412: No. No. Interviewer: Uh would that go for other a- male animals too? 412: Uh well they didn't know much about uh horses and {NW} jennies and stallions and so so you wouldn't have expected to hear that as often anyway. Interviewer: Okay. 412: Much less uh you'd speak of the male cats as tom cats. And that's what they still say. Interviewer: But you wouldn't want to around your mother or around uh her friends or your sisters or anybody you wouldn't speak of a male animal or male uh uh {X} uh bovine 412: Sally I don't believe I ever heard 'em hesitate to use the term tom cat. I don't know whether you'd uh heard it that way or not. But they wouldn't usually speak of bull. {X} I think it'd be a little bit more inclined to speak of stallion because uh this would've been in horsey company you know anyway. Interviewer: Right. 412: And they never did hesitate to use times. Interviewer: Okay uh uh what- what kind of a uh uh animal uh that you can use to get milk from? 412: Mm well cow. {X} Interviewer: Okay. And uh earlier we talked about mu- mules. When you have two mules working a plow you- what do you call those? 412: Team. Interviewer: Alright. Or- or uh {NS} you might uh You ever heard uh span? Okay. {C: background noise} Span. 412: Oh span. That's usually was used with uh two horses hitched to a buggy. Interviewer: Oh. 412: They would {X} this in the old days when uh a man who had a span of horses and um flashy buggy he was uh he was a sport in town. Interviewer: Sport. 412: Yeah and Interviewer: #1 That'd be like # 412: #2 he # Interviewer: roughly like that now about like a young man with a sport car? 412: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 412: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 # 412: #2 # Interviewer: That's interesting. How about uh oxen? Uh you know like uh I don't know if you've Did anyone ever have like a pair of or a team of oxen and uh would they have a name for them? 412: Yeah uh back in uh depression days and uh earlier when we did a lot a' logging with oxen we had plenty of them. I don't know what I ever heard uh anything but a team. I was trying to think of what to call 'em if they had four. They'd sometimes use four and six. I don't remember any special term applying to that many though. Interviewer: Okay. Uh how about the- the- the little uh {NW} remember the bovines {X} and when it's first born what do you call it? 412: You mean a calf? Interviewer: Yes sir. And uh If- if uh if you had a cow it's name was daisy and she was expecting a calf you might say daisy is going to 412: calve. Interviewer: Alright have you 412: #1 But # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: now if you were around the children you'd likely say- and see what did we say? I believe we'd usually say that uh daisy's {NW} going to have a little baby herself. Uh a little calf or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. Would there be any other terms that you might uh use that uh you may not use around women? 412: Uh Interviewer: #1 Or around {X} # 412: #2 Well of course uh # with a horse you'd speak of a mare foaling. Interviewer: Well how about uh you ever heard the term freshen? 412: Yeah sure well Interviewer: Any of those terms? 412: Yeah that- that was a family term. Interviewer: A family term? 412: Yeah. You'd speak that you'd have a cow to freshen. And uh I'll have such uh so much more milk then I can supply you with milk when the cow or when daisy freshens. Yeah I didn't even think about that. Interviewer: #1 Or how about uh # 412: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh another form of that would- you might say come fresh? 412: I never heard that. {X} Interviewer: How about spring? 412: Well we usually would use that term by saying that uh such and such a cow is springing. Interviewer: Uh yeah alright. Okay. And that means to have a calf? 412: Uh yeah that you know she will. Interviewer: Okay. 412: You can begin to detect it. Interviewer: You ever heard come in? 412: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh um uh What do you ca- well you talked about it. Stallion. Any other names for uh stallion that you might have used for male horse? 412: Oh among the men they talk about a stud. Stud horse. Interviewer: Okay and you wouldn't use that around women 412: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 right? # At all? 412: No. Interviewer: Uh but you might use stallion around women. 412: I think more likely because I said to you awhile ago uh this would likely be more of a what we call a horsey company they- they you know the horse people are they're a breed apart themselves. Interviewer: {X} 412: And they're kinda stud horses themselves. men and women Interviewer: Okay well then they were they're- you mean they're- they might have been a little bit uh uh more 412: #1 Little bit more # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: racy we'd say. Uh Interviewer: Worldly? uh 412: Yeah. Interviewer: In that sense. 412: Yeah. I don't mean they were bad people. Interviewer: No I know {X} 412: Low character people is- is just uh way they looked at things. Interviewer: When you have to deal with it you know about it. 412: Yeah. Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Uh 412: Now {X} I don't know. Maybe you're coming to this but uh {NW} You remind me a' one thing. There wasn't any hesitation in our circles to speak of rooster and hen. Interviewer: There was no hesitation at all? 412: No. Interviewer: Were there any uh terms that uh there was a hesitation to speak of in terms of a male roo- uh rooster uh in terms of 412: No I think that it had been worse- considered worse to say male chicken than to just say rooster. Interviewer: {X} Okay. Uh uh how about a female horse? 412: Well y- you spoke of as a mare though y- you used it rather sparingly if you were around uh Interviewer: Now that's one you'd use sparingly around uh women? 412: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have uh two or three uh mares and stallions together that's a group of what? 412: That's a group of horses. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh if you saddled a horse and you uh got up on it and went- went to town you call that uh you're doing what with the horse? 412: Well now we'd just ride uh {NS} old Joe to town maybe. Interviewer: Okay. And if you did it yesterday you'd say you 412: Well I rode him to town yesterday. I rode up town yesterday. I rode down to town. Uh Interviewer: Okay. 412: Rode over to uh Bill Johnson's yesterday. Interviewer: Alright. And if a man's been at your house maybe an hour and someone else came in you'd say uh and- and the other man came in on a horse you'd say uh the man that's been at your house for a while came in on a horse 412: {X} Interviewer: might tell the new person say uh he has uh {NW} using the perfect form of ride. 412: You mean he- he has a riding horse? Interviewer: No he- uh say he's- alright say he rode over to your house and you're just talking. Somebody say he he has uh blank his horse this morning. 412: {NW} I'm not sure I understand what you Interviewer: Alright would you 412: #1 If you're # Interviewer: #2 ever say he # 412: speaking of the fact that he did come in that morning on his horse I'd say he rode over this morning. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say something like he has ridden? 412: Uh not in the sense he has ridden over today unless I said it about like this uh {NW} Joe uh Jack here has ridden over to spend the day with us. Interviewer: Okay. Alright Well I was just getting the perfect form 412: Yeah. Interviewer: of the verb right. 412: Yeah. {C: background noise} Interviewer: A- a- and a person was uh he got on his uh horse and he rode down the road a ways and his horse uh came across a rattle snake and rared up and he uh the person that was on the horse hit the ground you'd say he- what happened to him? {NS} 412: We'd say he fell off for one thing. Uh if he is injured we'd likely say he was thrown from his horse and such and such happened. Let's see if there's anything else I think of. Interviewer: If a person's injured when they fall off a horse do uh I mean the uh falling off a horse and not being injured you just say he fell off right? 412: Yeah. Interviewer: But if you fall off and you're injured you say that you were thrown? 412: Well I'm- I'd- I think I would be likely to say uh {NW} Jack was thrown from his horse and broke an arm or broke a knee joint or broke an ankle or something else. Or bruised himself. Interviewer: Mm. {NS} 412: Uh let's see. I'm trying to think if th- there are any phrases else would you Uh Well you might say the ordinary thing. Jack was injured yesterday J- or Jack's knee was injured yesterday when he was thrown from his horse. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now- now if a person was in bed and he rolled over too fast and misjudged how far from the middle of his bed he was hit the floor. What would you say he did there? 412: We'd say he fell off the bed. Interviewer: Fell off? Okay. Uh 412: Or rolled off the bed maybe. But I think we'd be more likely to say fell off the bed. Interviewer: Okay. And- and- and what are the things that you uh put on a horse's feet to protect him from the road? 412: Well we say {X} uh have them shod. Interviewer: Shod? 412: And they have horse shoes- uh have shoes on. Interviewer: Okay. Are there any special games that you play with those? {NS} 412: {NW} Well We'd play horseshoes {C: background noise} Interviewer: Okay. Any other names {X} that game that you know of? {NS} 412: I don't think of anything. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard the term quo- uh quoits or quoits or {C: pronunciation second} 412: Quoits? Interviewer: Yeah. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that uh with horse shoes or is that something else {X} 412: I thought that was a different type of uh Interviewer: or {X} sometimes it might be referred to? Okay. 412: {X} I- I thought quoits were round uh well like a round let's see. What else do we use those horse- trying to think. {NS} Well {NW} I don't- I can't say offhand whether I {NW} would've would say they're pitched or- or or thrown. But I- I- I think clearly or definitely of quoits as being round flat pieces of uh metal Interviewer: Like 412: #1 that you # Interviewer: #2 uh # 412: pitched. Interviewer: To- to hit a stake that was sitting up? 412: No I don't- I don't remember them as being to hit a stake but to hit a circle is what I'm thinking about. I may be all confused. Interviewer: Well you may not be too {NW} Again it might uh {NW} there might be some cross reference later on with someone else. Uh How about uh Oh. Uh horse shoes are nailed onto a horse's 412: hoof. Interviewer: Alright. And- and the four of four of those are called 412: hooves. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and the male sheep is called a what? 412: Ram. Interviewer: Alright and di- Again now here is uh Did you ever have terms that you wouldn't use around uh uh or uh women here 412: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 or that you would use? # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 412: No. There's never been a question about using the word ram at least in our circles. {X} had sheep and he had a he had an old ram was a hell raiser. Uh {NW} He would get out in the pasture with a loud coat. There's nothing usual. Unusual. But he also had a a special stump he could step behind and he'd shake that loud piece of cloth or his coat. That old ram and then he'd get right straight in line between the ram and this stump. The old ram would always hit the stump and just bounce back. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} He liked to butt {NW} the ram liked to butt a lot huh? 412: Well the- that's the way he fought. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} Did he have uh uh horn? 412: Uh I've forgotten now. He would cut off a lot a' the horn sometimes if I remember. Ordinarily {X} haven't come off you know a ram's horn kinda curls round and round. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Wh- what's a female sheep called? 412: Ewe. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh uh sheep have uh what on- that grows on their back? 412: Talking about wool? Interviewer: Yes sir. And uh how about a male hog? What's he called? 412: Boar. Now that's one you didn't use Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 412: #2 much. # Interviewer: Okay well 412: You'd say a male hog. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use anything else for uh {NS} 412: No I don't remember that we did. No. Interviewer: Okay uh uh what would you call a male uh uh hog that's been altered? 412: Uh Uh you just call him a well when they {C: laughing} cut me off Interviewer: {NW} 412: {X} Uh Good gracious. As many hogs as we've killed. Auxiliary: {X} 412: No. No no. {NS} {X} I can't even remember it now. Interviewer: Okay well I'll just go on. Maybe it- maybe you'll {X} Uh Uh 412: It'll be the same thing you've got down there. I'll be surprised. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 412: #2 {D: Course uh} # Interviewer: #1 # 412: #2 # I never did hear but this one thing. Interviewer: It's like a wheel. 412: A wheel? Interviewer: Like the other word to begin with like that uh Does that make sense- like the- remember we were talking about uh uh {X} 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 that has one wheel on it. # 412: Yeah. Interviewer: And you uh carry a s- you mix cement in it. 412: Oh yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: Is that the right term? 412: Yeah. This is a publicized term. If you were having a special sale there'd be certain prizes or special showings say uh uh such and such prizes for the barrows and such and such uh uh let's say for the best uh litter and then m- mother. Uh the sow. Interviewer: Okay. Would there- would there be any other terms besides barrow 412: #1 No that's the term I was thinking. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 that you would say that that's the term- Okay. # 412: Now you'd spay the sow. Uh that wasn't uh well it just wasn't used often cuz uh they didn't do it much in our day but Interviewer: Try to get production. 412: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay and- and like a- a- a whole uh uh well full grown pig is called a what? 412: Well uh we go from pig to shoat and then to hog. Interviewer: Okay. When it was first born it was called a- it was called a pig? 412: Pig or baby pigs or something like that. Interviewer: Okay and then uh wh- what difference is there between a pig and a shoat? How big does it have to be to be a shoat? 412: Well I'd say around here uh after the uh litter had been weaned and they were on their own. And they were beginning to get I'd say anywhere from about uh {X} about seventy-five pound on. Interviewer: Seventy-fi- okay. Gotcha. Uh 412: Y- uh you wouldn't likely well here in this area today I suspect uh the term feeder pig I don't know what the minimum weight is. I believe it's uh sixty-f- maybe it's fifty or more. Seems to me it's sixty-five pounds and up. Interviewer: But it's above Yeah. I think. 412: And we say feeder pig. Shoat indicates an animal. It's uh getting a pretty good size. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh what about the uh stiff hair on a- on a hog's back? What would you call those? 412: Uh just plain bristles. Interviewer: Alright. And the ivory things that come out of a hog's uh 412: Tusks. Interviewer: Alright. And you feed uh uh hogs in a uh a wooden What do you call that? 412: Well the old- the old one was trough. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had two or three uh of those you would ha- you'd say you have two or three 412: Well you would say troughs but {NS} we didn't feed 'em that way much. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 412: They- I mean you'd- you never heard that term used much. Interviewer: What'd you use? 412: You didn't use. You'd just said you're feeding the hogs. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay. 412: {NW} Interviewer: How about uh 412: {NW} Interviewer: Uh do you have any names 412: Course we in modern times A- Alabama's been a pretty good n- hog state. Not like Illinois {X} {NS} And Georgia of course has been one of the top states in hog production. {NS} But uh {NS} in modern times we use the feeders widely. I wouldn't say every hog grazer's use feeders but I suspect most of 'em have if you checked up. Interviewer: Mm. 412: {X} feeders. They might just put corn in there or they might put corn and tankage in the Anyway if they were good producers they at least uh watch their uh feeders and if they thought they were eating too much tankage or too much corn they might ration the two. Interviewer: Mm. Now uh uh do you have any names for a hog that's grown up wild? 412: Well Well you- you hear {NS} uh times in Tennessee we don't have wild hogs much down here. {NS} they speak to you talk to you in uh Tennessee- east Tennessee they'll uh hunting the wild boar. They don't ever speak of the wild sow. I think those are Russian strain hogs. Interviewer: Russian strains? 412: Those that are uh loose in Tennessee. Interviewer: Oh. You mean someone brought 'em in and they just got loose? 412: Yeah they were imported. They seem to be more vicious and uh m- maybe more able to survive on their own. Interviewer: Mm. 412: Then uh well I'm sure that's truer than our modern hog. Course we used to have the razor backs too. Specially a little bit farther south of us in- down there in that Florida north Florida country. Razor backs or rattlesnakes and what else {X} gophers I reckon. Interviewer: Razor backs rattlesnakes and gophers. 412: Yeah. {C: laughing} Interviewer: And then gopher in that sense is a- is a uh is a uh turtle? 412: Well {NW} Yeah I believe so. Interviewer: Turtle. 412: It wouldn't have been the the animal gopher as I remember. Interviewer: Okay. 412: Up here it would be gopher but you never heard that least I wouldn't say up here. Uh {NW} Uh gophers up here would mean a s- type a' squirrel or chipmunk. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 412: We've got a few of 'em right across the road here preacher has some trouble with 'em. I had to learn that in my early days. Difference between a gopher in north Florida and up here. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Yeah when I- whenever I hear the term gopher I always mean I always mean the turtle. 412: Yeah yeah. Interviewer: But when I was up Illinois someone said a go- gopher they mean a groundhog. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 412: Well now I- I our gopher up here is not the groundhog. He's uh he's one a' the chipmunks as I remember. He's a right pretty little rascal. Uh striped back. And not as long as a squirrel. Even a cat squirrel. Interviewer: What kind of squirrel have you got around here? 412: {D: I mean} pretty much fox squirrels and cat squirrels. We used to have flying squirrels but no more. I haven't seen a flying squirrel in goodness knows when. Interviewer: Do you have uh color different squirrels? You know the different kinda color squirrel like uh 412: Well the fox squirrel is a different color from uh the cat squirrel. Interviewer: What color is the cat squirrel? 412: Gray. Interviewer: #1 And the {X} # 412: #2 Saw one # You didn't see that one c- no he- uh he ran in front of me. One crossed the road in front a' me when we came back from the museum. Interviewer: Oh I see. 412: The cat- the- the fox squirrel you know is a rich brown. Uh Uh real pretty. Interviewer: Kinda reddish color? 412: Yeah. Interviewer: What are some a' the different kinds a' animals you got around here uh that you might 412: #1 Oh uh # Interviewer: #2 uh that are still here # or 412: Almost all of 'em except uh animals like wolverines and porcupine and course we only had those northern deer. Most a' the deer we have are the Virginia white tailed deer and there's some crosses in here. And then you got pretty much everything down from that uh Interviewer: You got any a' those animals that uh got the white stripes down the back {D: give off a} 412: #1 Oh yeah. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 smell? # What do you call those? 412: Well we got uh two a' those uh one's a pole cat and let's see. What is the other one? Uh There's a difference in the striping. I can't tell you which is which and the- just plain old pole cats the one we used to have to fight. Uh What is uh what other name for that rascal? Auxiliary: Skunk? 412: Skunk. Yeah. And we would use the term more or less interchangeably. But they're two different species. Interviewer: There are? 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} two. # 412: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 412: You see {NW} We have 'em {NW} We- I- I- I said it to you this morning. We live in an entirely different era here all through this area from what it was when I was a boy. I used to try to trap a little and I couldn't. I was a poor trapper but I couldn't even catch uh any opossums in those days. Well goodness alive in uh {X} which is twenty-five and n- {X} years ago. He could catch a uh well he didn't wanna catch skunk but he could. And of course uh opossum which is a low fur but he could catch beaver he catch muskrat {NW} Uh Auxiliary: Mink. 412: Mink. Uh Auxiliary: Raccoon. 412: Yeah. Raccoon- raccoon. I don't believe we had any we've not had any weasels in here to my knowledge. Let's see. What else? Uh Well that'd be pretty much- well otters. He never trapped for otters but there are otters over here in the the southeastern part a' the county. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Well 412: And we just got beavers everywhere. Interviewer: Do you have that many beavers here? I didn't 412: #1 Ooh man # Interviewer: #2 really # 412: Uh uh the forest people they're raising up these days about the beaver. Interviewer: There getting to be too many of 'em? 412: Yeah. Interviewer: Maybe they oughta try to uh export a few of 'em 412: #1 Let me see. Sally {X} # Interviewer: #2 cause there's some places that just have a shortage. # 412: Wasn't it in that sort of conservation meeting that they showed us this? Think it was. Auxiliary: Yeah uh-huh. 412: And I was trying to think the chief explanation they gave for the increase in beavers What did he say that Auxiliary: Well for one thing they put a ban on trapping 'em Interviewer: #1 Oh. # Auxiliary: #2 in one place # 412: #1 Yeah but # Auxiliary: #2 in Louisiana. # 412: uh he had some uh {NS} conservation explanation for the beavers. They'd kept 'em under control. {X} remember what it was. Interviewer: Mm. 412: Anyway. Interviewer: You got a lot a' forest here. 412: Huh? Interviewer: You got a lot a' forest and water here for one thing. 412: Well we had the water and forest before. Not as much as we've got now. Anyway uh we've got beavers. I'm not sure what the status of things is right now but {NS} Dale has had uh beavers right there in the low part a' the place in recent years. At one time it was getting to be a problem but I think they disappeared for a while and I- he hadn't even mentioned beavers on our property in recent I don't know what I'd we've talked about any beavers on the home place or his place adjoined for a good while. But they are- they are all over this country. And course you know how they build the dams Interviewer: Right. 412: and you know you can kill a forest uh just by one or two feet a' water depending on your species. {NS} And that's that's what a lot a' the forestry people are raising up about. Interviewer: I can understand that. And then I- well you know it's just up up- up north in a lot a' places the beaver has just become absolut- almost extinct. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 412: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: they don't have the problem at all. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: Right. It's surprising that you'd have a problem here with the beaver. 412: Well it- it's become a real problem. Now uncle Gus who was papa's second oldest brother he was a a great hunter. Uh he was not a sportsman. {NS} But he- he was a shrewd He woulda made a perfect trapper {C: mispronunciation; corrects himself next line} trapper in a in an area- in a uh land where uh game was {NW} profuse. But uh he told me years ago before his death. He was killed when a car jammed him up against his store. He was sitting in front of his store and car jumped the curb and {NS} pinned him right across here. {NS} Uh {C: background noise} turkeys disappeared down here. Well they used to feed right up to this uh uh drain uh uh g- gully uh right back of the church here. The water drains that way and goes on into large stream and into the Saugahatchee. {NS} And he told me that uh he'd been getting turkeys each year {NW} right across the road here right down that hollow. And in the summer- I think it was early summer of uh seventeen he discovered that uh this hen had raised a large brood a' {X} And he determined to catch 'em all. So he started by putting up a tight fence just on one side and he put corn down there and let 'em get used to that. Then he {NW} Then he put up a parallel fence uh what he considered about the right width. I don't know how wide it was. Then he threw corn all down inside the two parallel fences. And they got accustomed to that and not suspicious so then I don't know whether he put the top on next. He probably would have. Then he put on- I'll say he put on the top next. And he fed 'em a while. Then the next step I think was to close up the back end. I would guess he would have put the top on before he closed the back end anyway. That would have been the steps. Then I don't remember how he said he {NW} See he headed the thing facing {NW} The- down the flow a' the water so that they'd be coming up the woods towards uh- they used to have peas out there. And I- maybe he was growing the peas himself. And they love peas. Well anyway he kept on by stages and kept putting down corn and getting them lulled to the danger. And finally he got to the stage where they were coming into this uh trap and coming in through the door that he'd made for it. And his last step of course was to build his trap. {NS} for the door. And uh they would still come in regularly. Then he took a long string. I don't know whether he used a wire part out of what. And set his trigger to the trap so all he had to do was to head uh- hide up the in the pea patch with a long string and as soon as he saw the {NW} turkey hen lead a brood into this pen to get the corn he just pulled the trap and that's what he did. Just wiped out the last turkey in this area. Interviewer: Oh that was all of 'em? 412: That was the last one. He knew it was the last one. He was pretty sure it was. He said he never saw one after that. Interviewer: Hmm. Auxiliary: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You say they're # starting to come out though. Auxiliary: He didn't feel bad about it did he? 412: No. He didn't have any scruples at all. It's {NW} one of the things I always held against {D: old Gus.} That's why I said to you he wasn't a sportsman at all. Interviewer: Mm. 412: We haven't got many sportsmen. Interviewer: People round here just like to 412: Uh well #1 we got # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 412: so many a' these uh uh college kids uh Give me something today and to heck with tomorrow. I don't think we got many sportsmen like Bill and Prince. {NS} Uh sometimes I wonder if he was a sportsman. Auxiliary: #1 {X} # 412: #2 {X} # I don't much think he is. Interviewer: Now who's that? Prince? 412: No. That's Bill's father in law. Auxiliary: {D: But} 412: But uh s- Bill and Prince are certainly sportsmen. And I think Buddy's one Sally. Auxiliary: Yeah. 412: This is a veterinary inspector. Bill and Buddy and Prince work closely together. Interviewer: Takes a lot a' control to be a sportsman. Auxiliary: That they are. 412: Well if they'll- if they were long headed- had any forward looking senses wouldn't be so hard to be a sportsman. But the- this other element reasons well if I don't get it today somebody else will. Interviewer: Uh 412: And the first thing you know is you hadn't got anything and nobody else either. Interviewer: Nobody'll get anything. Auxiliary: #1 Well I think # 412: #2 {X} # Auxiliary: that's why they just sorta go wild when they get in this area. There is a lotta 412: #1 game and # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah # they have come from areas where there wasn't and they just wanna kill without thinking. Interviewer: Well it's been my experience that there's- there's usually a lotta game uh anywhere you go as long as you're willing to let it live there. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: You know. 412: Yeah. The Indians never destroyed {NS} their stock. The game stock. But they didn't hunt for anything but to live uh for meat. They didn't hunt to kill. Interviewer: Right. Yeah I remember one time uh my uh granddad and I went hunting and he decided he wanted to do some coon hunting. Some raccoon hunting. And cuz there used to be that {X} #1 back then. # 412: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: I guess- do they do that around here very often? 412: Uh well uh you see {NW} deer and uh turkey hunting is so popular there that they're sorta looked down on if they hunt coon {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 412: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well he just liked it for the sport. He 412: #1 Well it's a good sport. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And uh you know I didn't like it too much running all night long through the swamps 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} He enjoyed it. 412: Well it's good hunting. Uh My great grandfather was a great coon hunter. They said he kept record until he uh had notched three hundred and eighty-four. And uh He- he wouldn't hesitate to go hunting by himself. But he always carried his dogs on- so he could put 'em on a leash. And he always carried a sharp ax. And he- if the tree was there and the coon was in the tree Interviewer: Yeah. 412: He'd cut it down. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Well # 412: #2 Uh # Interviewer: One thing I- one thing I like about coon- coon hunting myself is that uh you you can- a coon will give you a good fight if you catch him. 412: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 If you're not # 412: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: careful he can tear your dog apart. 412: Yeah. Have you heard Jerry Clower and his coon hunt? Interviewer: No. Uh 412: You oughta take time {D: enough} before you leave to listen to that thing. Interviewer: #1 Alright # 412: #2 It's # it's a classic. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 412: #2 You don't # know Jerry Clower do you? Interviewer: I don't think so. 412: Well Jerry and I are kin to the same folks. A lotta the same folks. I don't think he's any kin to me. But at least two of 'em my family married Clower's and all trace right back here to Auburn. Jerry's a ranch man on the Mississippi, the other men too. He's not a great comedian. Uh he started out selling fertilizer. Uh but he- he can tell things in a way that {NW} it just sets you roaring. Interviewer: Yeah. Kind of uh- well is it kinda country humor? 412: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: I guess I better get back and ask you these. Uh uh If you had a pig and you didn't want him to grow up to be a boar what would you do to him? 412: Castrate him. Interviewer: Any other special terms you might use away from uh 412: Yeah. We- uh Let me see. Uh I have heard- this is not quite the way they said it but I've heard- heard 'em say well we gonna take his manhood. Interviewer: Okay. 412: Uh and I've- I've heard some other terms but nothing occurs to me right quick. {NW} No. They'd a- sometimes say well we gonna make a gentleman of him. And let me see if I can think of anything else. No. I don't- I don't think of anything else right now. Interviewer: Okay. How about the noise made by a calf when it's being weaned? 412: You mean if- if it's away from its mama? Interviewer: Yeah. What- what kinda noise it makes? 412: Well we'd say {D: bleated} Interviewer: {D: bleated} Okay. And uh what about the noise that uh a cow makes about feeding time? A gentle cow noise. 412: Uh Well you mean satisfaction or uh sort of a plaintive Interviewer: Well no just a- well 412: Lowing? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Gentle # 412: #2 {X} # Interviewer: gentle noise. 412: #1 Yeah. Yeah. We'd say lowing. # Interviewer: #2 Not- nothing uh nothing hostile. # Okay. Uh And- and how about a gentle noise that a horse might make? 412: Well usually we'd say whinny. Interviewer: Uh a- a- a- 412: Or knicker. Interviewer: Knicker? Okay. You ever heard uh winker? 412: No. Winker? Interviewer: Winker? 412: No. Interviewer: Okay. I'm just wondering cuz that's one I got down south {X} 412: Sure enough. Winker. Interviewer: Yeah. 412: Well that- now that shows you how much difference there is uh And I- by the way you remind me of something I was telling Dale about the types you were looking for and particularly this older group. {NW} And I told him that I had told you I didn't think we could find anybody like that except pappy down here Who has I told you eighteen but it's twenty children {D: Bill said} And I- then I said to Bill you might go {X} go and {C: beep} and then Bill said well he can find uh somebody like that down in that section. And he told me one man. I forget his name. And it is true that uh all a' that south eastern section is a is somewhat different from this area a' the county just like these hill people in Tallapoosa county. Those red hills that were run after from closing of lake Martin in uh twenty-seven I think it was. Are quite different from from this area. Interviewer: Mm. A lot of it has to do with the type of family that 412: #1 I think so. Think so. # Interviewer: #2 settled there. You know the influence and everything. # 412: Yeah. Interviewer: You know I think uh I may be back in the fall. Or not in the fall but uh {NW} late summer and do some more work in this area because uh there is uh a lot a' difference between uh 412: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 south and here. I might even # come back and finish up all these different 412: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: piece interviews {X} 412: Let me get- excuse me. {NW} When you through now I'm gonna give you a tip and uh just something you can put in back of your head. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 412: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 412: One a' the striking things to me and I being an Auburn man I can be somewhat biased though I get along pretty well with the good Alabama people {NW} uh {NW} There has for the th- the last thirty or forty years I'd say thirty years but I've gotten to learn enough to have some judgment about the basic thing There is a striking difference to me between the people who live around Auburn university and the people who live around Tuscaloosa. Uh Just a few miles out of Tuscaloosa they have some real lawless elements. And some real backward elements. Now I can blame all of it on the nearness to the coal mine. You kn- course the coal miners uh they were well I guess it took a rough sort to survive in the mines in the early days. And that's I'm sure uh been perpetuated over generations. Course uh coal mining started in the early days and Jefferson county I think had its first settlers of any consequence about eighteen seventeen. And it's said that they had been mining coal somewhere and other ever since they got in there. Well they're still a rough sort. A lot of 'em. I don't mean they're bad people. It's just- again it's just a a different attitude toward life. Interviewer: {X} Uh what about law and order? They got 412: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X}? # 412: No they got the other sort. Interviewer: {X} 412: They've had uh Interviewer: Do you have that around here? I mean you've got a fairly good 412: No. Well {NW} There's lawlessness everywhere now. Uh we just have a lotta trouble with college boys and some college girls. We've been having all sorts a' trouble with the negroes. Uh and I think I've got the answer to the negro problem. And we're not going to get any better or any improvement there until we get a different attitude among federal judges. I think some of us who {NS} had felt like we were well I know that I got cussed and abused and everything else for uh trying to take up for the negroes over the years. And at one time uh there was an arm a' the government trying to prove that I was a communist. They sent agents in here. We know they went down on the farm snooping around and then I found they'd been snooping around in Birmingham. But goodness alive uh today uh with all the asininities a' the federal judiciary and so many of our uh federal uh state judges superior not superior. District court judge I think they're obliged to just make decisions on the basis of what William or Douglas or someone else said. Uh Uh I think I'm- I'm worse than the conservatives in there- in that I did try to be forward looking in those years gone by. Just uh the other day this was a Sally this is six weeks ago. I think this is just before we left on that trip. Wasn't it? When Sarah came up here? We've got a We've got a water authority here. We've got about fourteen hundred customers now. Whites. Blacks. All sorts. Trailer people. Home people. Well we've got a uh a negro family down the road here {NW} Their mother worked for mama a number of years and I've known this Sarah Wood nearly about all her life ever since she was half grown. Her reputation was that uh all of her children were illegitimate. She has a husband. I don't know whether it's common law {X} wood. But that's beside the point. She couldn't- never has been able to get along with our water manager. Water authority man. And I think there's some fault on both sides. Interviewer: Okay. Last thing I asked you was about what you would call those things if you'd wear outside and you said they were what? 434: Pants. Interviewer: Pants or if- if you work in them then they might be- 434: Uh overalls or khakis. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I bet you- you- I bet you {D: Zara} had to wash a lot of those things for you didn't ya? 434: You tell 'em oh howdy. Interviewer: Oh. Aux: We'd get to- 434: #1 He'd be used to it. # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: He'd be used to it. Have to patch a lot {X} them old britches pick and cut and you know the knees opened way up. Interviewer: That's right. 434: They put patches on the knees of them things. Interviewer: You know uh if you were trying on your clothes General you might be trying on a coat and you say well this coat- this coat won't fit this year but last year it- It what? It may not fit now but last year it- 434: It fitted? Interviewer: Yeah. 434: You lost weight didn't you? Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. I- in my case I usually gain it. Yeah. 434: And I'm losing. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Well I sure need to lose some myself. 434: Shirts I used to cut {X} {D: in the of my overalls didn't I?} Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know if uh- if you just come home from working {B} said that there was a package there for ya she might say that the delivery boy from the store- you know you ask how did it get here and she might say well the delivery boy did what? 434: Eh- delivery boy delivered you your package? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And you wouldn't {D: ask}. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah if uh- if all of your- if all my old clothes are worn out you- I might say that I need to go out and buy what? 434: More clothes. Interviewer: More clothes or if I need something to go to- go to church in I need to buy a what? 434: A new suit. Interviewer: That's right. If I have a- you know like a little kid likes to collect things and he just sticks them in his pocket and sometimes he gets so much stuff in his pockets that they just- do what? 434: Stick out. Interviewer: They stick out or- 434: And he a lose it. Interviewer: That's right. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: {D: Wait 'til they} get him to} pull out. Interviewer: Uh. Alright. Is there anything else that you might say say boy you sure got a lot of stuff in your pockets but look at 'em they just- Just what? Would you- would you ever say that they just bulge? {NS} Uh-huh. 434: See I wouldn't know what to tell him. Interviewer: That he just empty those things out. If uh if {B} was uh gonna wash your shirt she might wash it in- in hot water and that thing might do what? 434: {X} Interviewer: That's right. You had that ever happen to you? 434: This shirt man I got some now draw it open can't get 'em down in under {D: leg} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I got some t-shirts like that myself. I know where you- 434: {X} {X} Interviewer: {NW} Just all the way up huh? Oh no. Hmm. You know if uh- if {B} was gonna go out somewhere and she really wanted to- to be fancy about it you might say if she's gonna put on a lot of good clothes she- you'd say she sure does like to do what? 434: Dress. Interviewer: That's right. If- if you were doing it would you say the same thing? 434: Same thing. Interviewer: Same thing. What uh- what would you call it when uh- when women put on make-up? What would you say they're doing? You know putting all that stuff all over their face? Powder and all? What would you say they're doing? 434: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: Oh. What would you say uh- what would you say about a man you know he's in the bathroom and he's combing his hair and he's putting on cologne and all this sort of thing what would you say he's doing? 434: He trying to look good and smell good. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh. 434: See everybody want to look the best he can don't he? Interviewer: Would you e- would you ever say that a woman's making up or- or primping up or something like that? Say she's making herself up? Have you ever heard that? 434: I never heard of it I don't think. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call it uh- something that a- a woman might use to carry her coins in? Her change? What would you call that? 434: A handbag? Interviewer: Okay. Would you- would you say- call anything smaller than a handbag? You know that might have a clasp on it that you keep small change in what would you call that? 434: Pocketbook. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- you know when women dress up they- they wear fancy things and sometimes they wear these things around their wrists what do you call those things? 434: Bracelet? Interviewer: Yeah. Just uh- just all kinds of stuff they might have a bracelet on they might have something round their neck #1 what'd you- # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: what would you call that around their neck? 434: Necklace. Interviewer: Yeah. Or uh- if it- if it had a lotta little things strung together on it what might that be? Ever heard it called a- a string of beads of something like that? 434: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Well I bet you've used one of these things before things that come down over your shoulders that hold your pants up? What do you call- 434: Galluses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I think there's somebody at the door. Thing that you use to keep the rain off you when you go outside. 434: Raincoat. Interviewer: Yeah or maybe something that you hold up. 434: Parasol. Umbrella they called 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh- Aux: {X} 434: Huh? Aux: Captain John. 434: You see them? Aux: Uh-huh. {NS} 434: {D: Take a left at your mailbox.} {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Why isn't that suppose to be staying on like that? Well. We were talking yesterday- I think the last thing we mentioned was uh- I asked you what you would hold up over your head when it was raining to keep the rain off of you and you said it would be a- 434: Umbrella. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Yeah and they- peoples used to call it a parasol. Interviewer: Is that right? Is there any difference- I always thought when I said parasol that would be something that you would uh use just to keep the sun off of you but you use to keep the rain off too? 434: That's right. Same thing that tearing the rain up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call when you lie down to go to sleep at night what do you call the thing that you rest your 434: #1 Pillow. # Interviewer: #2 head on? # Uh-huh. Have you ever seen a- a bigger one than that that might go all the way across the- the bed? 434: I have seen that. I don't know what they call that now that's- I've seen {D: the thing} What? Aux: Bolster. 434: Bolster. Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: All the way cross I think about it a few times I would've had my wife fixing to use those ones. {D: Those are the feelings you get.} #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: It's nice to have a big soft pillow isn't it? 434: That's right. That's right. Interviewer: A lot more comfortable. What do you call the last thing that you put on a bed it might be kind of a fancy topcover- 434: Spread. Interviewer: Spread. Aux: Counterpane. Interviewer: Is uh- you ever heard that called anything else other than a spread? Aux: Counterpane. 434: What? Aux: Counterpane. 434: Counterpane. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Ever heard that? Countpane? 434: Sure I've heard it. Interviewer: Is uh- is that something that's usually- 434: #1 Spread- # Interviewer: #2 homemade? # 434: on your bed. Interviewer: Is it usually homemade? 434: Uh you can buy- they used to buy 'em I reckon they or have made something bed spread- What was that you made? Bed spreads? Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Well it might be something like a- a bedcover that's more old-fashioned and made out of- made out of scraps what would you call something like that? 434: Quilt. Piece up a quilt made outta scraps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard a quilt called anything else? 434: Never have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Those are big and heavy and- 434: That's right. Interviewer: Things that you- Aux: {X} Interviewer: Uh. What about- have you ever seen a- you might have some company. You might have some little children that you're gonna have to put up for the night. What do you call that thing that you can put out on the floor? 434: Pallet. Interviewer: Yeah. It's kind of a- {X} 434: That's right. Interviewer: Something like that? Yeah. If uh- if you expected a- to get a big yield from a field that you planted in corn uh you say that for the field produces a lot you ma- the soil must be what? it has to be very- Soil has to be- What would you say? 434: Deep soil. Interviewer: Yeah it would have to be- It'd have to be deep soil. {X} Alright. 434: Rich soil. Interviewer: Would you ever say that it's very fertile? Wouldn't use that term? 434: Uh. Interviewer: Already means bout the same thing. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Produces a lot of 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 crops. # What would you called a flat low land uh- 434: Bottom. Interviewer: Bottomland? 434: Bottomland. Interviewer: Is bottomland good for anything? 434: That's right bottomland's good land that's {X} you know? When the water don't back out and might drown your stuff bottomland is fine for farming you know. Interviewer: Have you ever planted bottomland before? 434: I've planted plenty of them back- back in {X} there's great big bottom- flat there and {D: red bottoms} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Way out from the swamp. Interviewer: What would you call a piece of land that's not good for anything other than maybe just uh cutting hay off of? 434: Well they call that a hay field and a straw field like uh see there's some old fields don't raise nothing, they don't bloom sage. Stuff like that and they- stick five time and bind 'em off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Peoples used to- Aux: How bout a sage field? 434: Yeah people's used to go and {D: raise} straw. And make brooms out of it like that broom yonder you see? Interviewer: Yeah I- 434: People's used to raise straw and make their own brooms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You mentioned uh you mentioned swamp several times you ever heard anybody call a swamp anything else? 434: Never have- Interviewer: It's always swamp? 434: Call it a swamp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a place where- you know what salt hay is? 434: #1 What? # Interviewer: #2 Sal- # You know what salt hay is? 434: Salt hay. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where would- where would salt hay grow? Do you know what that is? And what about maybe a place that's kinda like a swamp but it's by the sea? What would you call that? 434: Uh I reckon they'd call it still swampland. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of marsh? 434: I've heard that. Interviewer: What would a marsh be with- wi- 434: Old mudhole place in the woods that you- like here's a dry ground here and you come to a valley like ground there and there's a lake of water all the way across it put water just back in there. Great big ponds of water and lakes and they grow bull rush Interviewer: Covers up the 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 outside? # 434: Covers up with all kind of trash and big moccasins and things laying around and turtles and terrapins Interviewer: Are there a lot- you just mentioned a moccasin are there a lot of snakes around here? 434: Plenty of 'em. They found a dead rattlesnakes right there in that house. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: And they killed I think about nine wasn't it? Aux: Yeah. 434: Killed nine of the young ones and let the old ones get away. Interviewer: Hmm. What other kinds of poisonous snakes are there besides rattlers and moccasins? 434: Moccasin. {X} {X} And stinging snakes. Interviewer: Yeah are there any snakes around here that aren't poisonous that are- 434: I hear them said that chicken snake ain't poison and a black snake ain't poison and the coachwhip ain't poison but all them snakes are mean. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: It's just- if it's a snake you don't #1 touch it huh? # 434: #2 Its a snake. # Now a kingsnake- Interviewer: What's that? 434: Supposed to kill all the other poisonous snakes. He the king of all snakes. Interviewer: Hmm. I hadn't heard about- 434: And one- there's another one they say it can kill a rattlesnake four and five feet long. Interviewer: Now that's called a kingsnake? 434: A kingsnake he's pretty good crazy but I'm just as scared of him as I is of the other ones. Interviewer: Could a- if a kingsnake bit you would it kill you? 434: They say it won't but I ain't letting them things- Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You're not that curious huh? # 434: I don't want it tested on me. Interviewer: No. 434: And I seen 'em. I used to plant farm right back here and there was a mother {X} ditch where I turn around and it's- it leave a track wide as my hand. He was a huge {X} but I never could catch him. {D: Darn thing.} And one morning I was plowing and just before the mule got to the end bout like the end when the mule stopped and {D: bucked their head up and throw} {D: Got away you know}. And I stopped and I hear sticks breaking on the ditch bank. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And I looked around there and there's a king snake coming up that ditch And he was tracking that moccasin then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And I ain't seen that moccasin Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 and see no sign of him from that day to this that snake found him a- # Interviewer: #1 There you go. # 434: #2 {X} # And my brother-in-law said he was fishing and a king snake come up to the creek where he was fishing at and caught a moccasin {D: caught him by his bottom lip}. And said king snake wasn't no more than that long but this moccasin well this moccasin swam out in the lake with it and set to wrestling and tussling, they had it out there. And this king snake would back back holding that snake right in the mouth. Right in his lip. And come back to the bank. And this old moccasin was so big and heavy he carried him back out in the water and that- that old kingsnake was just still holding {D: his hold.} And he sat there with a fishing pole watched them. And when that moccasin got way down kinda {X} down this king snake bite to the bank and wrapped his tail around a bush. And {X} Interviewer: When was that? 434: And he- when he got him up to the bank {D: he backed back and} wrapped his tail around another bush and pulled him out on the ground. And he wrapped around him. and straightened out {X} Turn him loose because {X} and he could {X} he tell never will kill another snake. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # And so uh there's a big one went along out there across the road out between here and the road I was going to the mailbox. And a great big one cross right ahead of me coming over here in this way. I just stopped and let him went on. Didn't try to catch him {X} that's one thing I didn't do that. They say he ain't poison but I don't care now they say a rat snake ain't poison but I don't play with a snake. Interviewer: Uh-huh. There any of these snakes around here can outrun a man? Are there any of them that fast? 434: They coachwhips and black runners can outrun you. Interviewer: Are they poisonous? 434: They say they ain't coachwhip will whoop you. Interviewer: Huh. 434: He'll tie you. {NW} Get around your neck- he'll get round your neck and choke you to death. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of any kind of snake that can put its tail in its mouth and roll along, kinda like a bicycle wheel? 434: I ain't never heard of that. but I've heard 'em talking bout stinging snakes roll {D: roll outta the uh} and they- they sting you with his tail. He don't bite you he stick his tail in you. And they say that'll kill you. Interviewer: {D: Do they?} 434: And I'm scared of all snakes. Interviewer: Well I'm like you I don't trust 'em. 434: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: Heard my daddy said he was fishing with a boy when I said the boy was {D: pathered as a nod and} sleep and the- used to have blacksmith shops down on the swamp on the bank of the creek where you could get water they didn't have wells, they ain't got none. And he couldn't keep that boy woke up he run around to his hooks and he caught a eel. And they brought him up there and that boy had on a pair of overalls and so he slipped the eel in his pants and stuck the eel's head out his pants. And woke the boy up and told him he sees a snake there- sees a- sees a snake round old {D: sharp} place that evening and he went under there {D: and he didn't get killed.} And he woke that boy up and tell him he sees the snake. And the boy woke up and stretched and he felt that cold snake in his {X} {NW} Interviewer: {D: I didn't know it was a boat} 434: Said he cut his overalls right here in the waist just ripped them open Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 I think I'da done that too would you? # Interviewer: That's right. 434: I- I got rid of the snake. Interviewer: They move around pretty fast. Mm. 434: Well there're plenty of snakes now you see they used to {X} And you try and {X} snakes in stump holes they old bones where the fire would burn 'em up in there but be down in there. Rattlesnakes, coachwhips and things in winter time go in the ground in old stump holes under old dead stumps in logs and things and these logs catch fire and burn up in the winter and {X} That a way to kill a lotta snakes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But now they don't burn off. And the snakes don't have to go in the ground nice and thick they can lay out there in the grass and just lay up on the top of the sun if it get cold they get under that heating stuff daddy don't like {D: to burn no land off or nothing}. I was at a place last year, year before last where the pine straw is this deep {D: And who's handling the snake from going} {X} under there staying just as warm as he wanna and bite you from Christmas to Christmas. Interviewer: That's right. 434: Got plenty of snakes in here. Interviewer: Talking about your fields what different types of soil do you have in your field? Some soil better than others? 434: {D: Sunflowers set your field water} Like your field gotta drained it the {D: orders} is topsoil {X} drifters into a low place. Well down here on this end you stuff a make down there and on the other end what is {D: solid is white stove} You cut down here get up about like this and now on the end {X} like that you seize it. The soil- rich soil's what makes the stuff. Interviewer: Is there any- do- what do you call very rich uh black soil? Is there any special name for that? 434: Nothing on it just- black soil they call it rich land Interviewer: Have you ever heard it- that called muck? 434: Well they call old mudhole muck. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Places like that just like you was talking about ago bout them old lakes place where you- they call that old muck and mud and stuff like that there, that is spoke of in the Bible muck and mire. {X} see you bogged down in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any uh thing that you would call poor soil, sandy soil, might have clay mixed in with it? 434: That's right plenty of it back then. Interviewer: Is there any 434: #1 Got some # Interviewer: #2 special- # 434: here in my backyard. Interviewer: Do you have any special word for that? 434: Uh-huh not cuz I never- I stuff plant there in my backyard in fertilizer. Got that old clay soil? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And it will grow up and make a little stuff and die. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called loam? Haven't heard of that? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: If you had a- if you had some land that was kinda swampy and you wanted to cultivate it what would you have to do to get the water off of it? 434: Cut a ditch through it. Interviewer: And that would do what? 434: Drain the water off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever had to do any of that kind of work? 434: {D: Seen it} these old ditches all back here on this bottom land now where they cleared it up and ditched it off and had the water running into the swamp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And into the creek in some places. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard anybody call that ditch anything else? 434: Never heard 'em called now I see before called 'em canals. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 434: Where you get big enough now a canal ditch is where you can jump cross it at any place but these canals you got to fix bridges across. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking about that are there any- what are the names of some of the streams around here? 434: Strangers? Interviewer: Streams. 434: Springs? Interviewer: Streams. You know 434: #1 Streams? # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 434: {X} Grady Creek. Greenboro. {D: Old Lusty} Cobbling Creek. Right down here they call the Queen Branch. Interviewer: What would you call any- anything smaller than a stream? If it wasn't as big as a stream what would you call that? 434: Well it's them- them's in little valleys where springs is you see you you have a- Two mountains like coming together this one here and water running out {D: Monday} {X} and you dig a hole there and you have a s- a cool spring of water there. Interviewer: Is there anything smaller than a stream? 434: No. Nothin- Interviewer: What would- what would these streams run into? 434: They run in- seep in the ground or under the ground or go to a creek somewhere Interviewer: They would flow into a creek? 434: That's right they flows to low places you know. Some place the ground sucks it up. {D: You know a} You know the ground is hollow in places, water get out of you sight and you can't see but it's still running up here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If it was bigger than a creek what would you call it? 434: Well they call it a- there ain't one big- bigger than a creek. Interviewer: Bigger than a creek? 434: But they call these places branches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Streams runs into the creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of a- kind of a narrow bit of water that flows in and out with the tide? You know what I'm talking about, down on the- on the seashore- that little kind of um place that goes into the land and the water will flow in when the tide's high and it'll flow out when it's low? 434: That's right Interviewer: #1 You ever heard of that? # 434: #2 well you see # these- these places like the main creek here free those up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: While these little stream backs up Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: and it's the main stream run down to the same place run down they drains back into the main stream. You see long as that place is loaded- down the swamp is loaded with these- branches spaces are loaded and water is backed all out to the edge of your fields some places running out in the fields. But it's the creek fault. These- these streams- this land a- emptied everything it got back into the creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking about streams what would you call a- when a streams running it might cut out kind of a- a narrow valley? You know in the woods or the fields. What would you call that cut? 434: Well there's a gutter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Some folks call it a wash if the water cut through your fields see water break over and tear holes in it and put the gutters and washes on in your land. Interviewer: Well would there be any difference in a place that's been cut out by a stream and a place that's been cut out by a heavy rainfall? What would you call a place cut out by a #1 heavy rain? # 434: #2 You see # the water makes its own way. Interviewer: Do you still call it a 434: #1 {D: That's we} # Interviewer: #2 gully? # 434: call it a gully. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well you see the ditches you cut you call them ditches but this what- this water make these things you call them gullies. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call um- we were talking about the land- what would you call kind of a small rise in the land? 434: Well that's called- it's a little hillside in the land. You see round the land is low and up in here is a little rise in it they call that a little hillside in the field. Interviewer: Whi- is there anything smaller than a hill? What about something that would really be big? Bigger both- 434: A big hill. Interviewer: You ev- 434: Well they call that big hill. There's a place between here and Bride Hill they call it Big Hill you get on the road you can see it from the road. Interviewer: And what about like uh up in uh- up in- up in Tennessee some parts these big things what do the- 434: They call them mountains. Rocky mountains. Interviewer: You ever seen those? 434: I been through there. That's were I take and I see {X} Up in Chattanooga. Memphis Tennessee is the Rocky Mountains and as we're- as we're traveling through there these mountains through there so high. The housetops up there just look like they in the {X} and that's why. Interviewer: {NW} 434: I just want to live up there with you. Interviewer: #1 I don't like- # 434: #2 And then # Elevators come down to the highway and carry folks up there and they say they got liquor stores up there and things {D: hotels} and everything up there just like it is in the {X} And I ain't been up there and I ain't going up there to see nothing {D: in fact} when I- Some places we go through they tell you danger 's falling rocks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Mountains so high and steep you know? You don't never know when a rock will slide in ahead of you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And you get in the mountains up there and them roads in the mountains and if your car ain't got no brakes on you better get out and walk. Interviewer: {NW} That's right. 434: Cuz you be dead. Y- you- you can't- There people's come to death. And the roads you sees the road going there like I'm looking out that window. And look back I see the end of the road. And when I get down there to this what I thought end of the road was it turn around come right back up side of this other road. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: What can you say about that mountain sometime you been in that mountain about two or three hours before you can get out. But you got to work yourself around these and the road begun this way and you drive down and then here you come right back this way and then you drive up this way then you come right back down this way. {NS} And folks wanna get outta there before night. Now that's dangerous. Interviewer: That's right. 434: #1 And there's # Interviewer: #2 Do y'all- # 434: snow up there {NS} in July and August. You ever been through up in there? In the summertime? Well there's berries up there just as ripe as snow in July those {X} when it snows. And that snow don't never melt in there. That mountain cools up like walls and a little gutter cutting right down between look back about that wide. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And there's- there's a little bit of white far as you can see up through there- Interviewer: What do you call that low place between mountains where you might have a bridge or something like that? 434: I don't know what they call that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now when I talk with a quiet lady used to come by our house says her father {D: There was sixteen as the young in family.} And her father cut ice in them mountains. Enough ice in the winter that they lived on through the summer. Interviewer: What do you call- talking about mountains what do you call those uh- that- the side of the mountain that drops off real sharp? 434: Valley? Interviewer: Okay or- you might say you're looking over the edge of this what? You know you're on the mountain and it drops off real sharp? And you- you look over the edge what do you call that thing that drops off? You know the valley is- is a place I think between the mountains- 434: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 And # a low place? 434: Well now I don't what they would call this what- what breaks off like that {X} Interviewer: You call it a cliff? 434: I already {D: saw that} I heard one of the {X} boy was up there driving in the mountains and he had a {X} And he went off in one of them places {X} And he fell about a hundred-and-fifty feet. In one of them holes down there. Interviewer: The ho- the cliff? 434: {X} {X} they had to cut him out. And he ain't well yet and that's been bout three or fours years ago. Interviewer: What would you call- what would you call that thing right there that you turn to open the door General? 434: Doorknob. Interviewer: Alright. Have you ever heard of- of a rise in the land called a knob? Never heard that before? Well some people would- would say- instead of calling something a hill they might call it a knob. {NS} 434: A knob? Interviewer: Uh-huh. You never heard that used before? 434: Nah I never heard it. Interviewer: Okay. What about- what do you call the place where- where boats stop and you u- and they unload their freight and all that sort of thing? 434: Station. Interviewer: #1 O- # 434: #2 Did # you call it a- Interviewer: For a boat. 434: For a boat? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I don't know now I couldn't tell nothing bout no boat places. Interviewer: Would you- have you ever heard the word uh the word wharf? You ever heard the word wharf? Okay. Or maybe a dock? 434: Now I've heard of docks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now what does that mean about that dock now that's where they load and unload ain't it? Interviewer: Right. 434: Well. Interviewer: Dock or have you ever heard 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 a pier? # 434: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 Something # like that? Yeah. What would you call a- a place where a lot of water falls down a long distance? You know- 434: {D: Gutter} Interviewer: We might be up in the mountains and you- you see this water falling down? What would you call that? Don't know that? 434: I don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: Um. Heard of a 434: #1 water- # Interviewer: #2 Would you # 434: call it- a waterfall? Interviewer: Uh-huh that's right. 434: Well you see I have heard that in the mountains I have heard water falling from miles. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And that's coming over these places you talking about falling into something and you can hear it just like a wind blowin- and- and I hunted in there and that's the way I tell way back to where I wanted to go I get up on one of them mountains Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: and hear that water pour- {NW} pouring off of these cliffs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you never saw 'em? 434: And I go back to {X} and hear the stream meeting the highway this cliff was. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And I'd gone back 'til I found the highway and then I know'd the way out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What are some of the important roads around here General? 434: {NW} {NW} Well we got a road we call Briar Hill Road. Briar Hill and {X} Grady Road. Dublin Road. Spring Hill Road. {D: Le Pine Road} {D: Peach Road} Road out to {D: Braliston}. And there's a road they call it Young Blood, turn off of the highway and go to Young Blood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Dirt Road. Interviewer: Yeah I was about to ask you are most of these roads made out of dirt? 434: These- these bi-roads is, these dirt roads now it's like this highway goes through here and it goes on to Montgomery but- Interviewer: What's that one? 434: There's a little dirt road right down there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's this road out here made out of? 434: It's a- this was made out of dirt until they put the black top on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: It was a dirt road Interviewer: Uh-huh. and they put that black top on it. Now hi- hitting Montgomery County {X} Well they stole the {X} told me the other day they putting a black top cle- don't come clean onto the store that by here through by Dublin. Uh-huh. 434: You ain't never been over in Dublin back in {X} place Interviewer: Sure have. 434: You ever been to Grady? Interviewer: Uh a long time ago, maybe one time. 434: {D: Raymond Grady he-} Interviewer: Oh yeah yeah yeah. 434: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call- you ever seen any roads made out of uh kind of a a white hard paved stuff? Maybe the same stuff that- that uh Oh I don't know it's just white hard- it's not black top. You know what I'm talking about? 434: I seen that in the North. Interviewer: You know what they call that? What it's made out of? 434: I forget the name of it I did know what they call it. Interviewer: Do they have just any cement roll- 434: It's white it's not black. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: This road is uh- lotta these roads in the North is made out of this white cement stuff that they make you know they don't make it. Pour it this black stuff over it put this slag and stuff down and then pour this over it. These folk make the whole thing I reckon outta this lime and cement I reckon it's white. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And uh- Interviewer: What do you call the place uh in town that the people walk along? 434: A street- Interviewer: Well the cars- do the cars go on the street or do the people walk on the street or the people- 434: People walks on the sideway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And the cars is parked in the streets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of- you know in places in town where the houses are you'll have the house and then the front yard and then the sidewalk and sometimes there's a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the- and the road? What do you call that strip of gla- strip of grass? You ever heard of that? 434: I don't know what's it called. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of the tree lawn? never heard of the tree lawn? 434: You see I ain't- I ain't never lived in no places like that and I didn't know nothing about it. Interviewer: Sure. What would- if you were- if you were coming to a man's farm down the road here and you came to the turn-off that went from the road up to the man's house what would you call that, you say you're going up the- 434: Driveway. Interviewer: Go up the driveway? Uh-huh. 434: Up to the house is a driveway. Interviewer: What would you call- if you were uh- what would you call the track that you'd drive your cattle down when you carry 'em um to the pasture? You'd say you driving them down the what? 434: To the- Driving them down to the pasture? Interviewer: Uh-huh what's the- what's the- the- the track that they walk along? 434: Uh they's- they's call that a cow trail. Interviewer: Just a cow trail? 434: A cow trail to the pasture you see you bring 'em back and {D: forth} up that same trail. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if you were going up to a- a great big plantation you know from the road and there were trees on both sides leading up to the entrance you know, what would you call that? 434: I reckon they'd still call it a driveway. Interviewer: Just a driveway? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Sure. 434: That's a way to the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- if you were walking along and uh you saw a crow in the field eating up somebody's corn you might reach down and pick up something to throw with it- throw at it, what- what would you pick up to throw at it? 434: Rock. Interviewer: Pick up a rock? And you'd say uh- you picked up a rock and you- did what? 434: Threw it. Interviewer: Just threw it at the crow? 434: Just threw it at the crow. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever heard anybody say something other than throw a rock he might say what? 434: Lotta folks say chunk it. Interviewer: Chunk a rock? Uh-huh. Is uh- does it make any difference how- how big that thing is? If it were- if it were kinda small would you still call it a rock? 434: Still call it a #1 rock. # Interviewer: #2 If it were # a great big thing 434: #1 That's right, still # Interviewer: #2 you'd still call it a rock? # 434: call it a rock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would- have you ever heard very young children say something like that? They say- would they still say they just gonna throw it or would- or would children say chunk it? 434: Well a lot of children would say throw it and a lot of 'em would say chunk it. Interviewer: Just- Doesn't have to- 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 In Birmingham # 434: say chunk it to me. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: That's right. Uh-huh. If uh- you know you might call this uh the place that you live, what would you call the place that you live, this place right here? Say that's- that's not just- that's not just my house that's my what? 434: Dwelling? Interviewer: Dwelling or- 434: Dwelling for this is my dwelling place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You might call it your home too? 434: My home place. Interviewer: Sure. 434: You'd call it home you know when you leave somebody else's house you head for home don't you? Interviewer: That's right. If- if you go to somebody house and- and he's not there they'd say no he's not- 434: He's not here. Interviewer: He's not here or he's not- T- If they were gonna say something about uh- bout home he'd say well no he's not- 434: He's not at home. Interviewer: Alright. 434: Well what would you do then if tell- did he tell you to go on back with him? Interviewer: I wouldn't know what to do. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I don't know if I should wait around or come back later. Hmm. If uh- if someone came to visit {B} and you met this person out in the yard you might say well uh just wait a minute she's- 434: In the house? Interviewer: Uh-huh. or she might be uh- if she's baking some cookies you'd say she's in- 434: In the kitchen. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. If you invited somebody to come in you might say well come on in sit down and make yourself- 434: Comfortable. Interviewer: Make yourself comfortable- 434: A lotta folks make yourself at home but that's getting in too much- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh that's right. That's right you gotta be careful bout what you say, don't ya? 434: You tell 'em {X} {D: he better watch all of that}. Interviewer: Talking about uh- do you drink- do you drink uh- coffee General? 434: I used to I don't now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking about putting milk in coffee uh some people like it uh- You ever seen people put milk in their coffee? 434: I don't know. Aux: Yeah. You put it in your's. Interviewer: How did you like your coffee? 434: Then they- you mean put milk in the coffee? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Sure. I would drink it that. A lot of folk want it barefooted but I want it with shoes on. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} {X} Interviewer: That's right. 434: Well a lotta folks don't want a thing but the {D: brown coffee.) Interviewer: Uh-huh. I don't drink coffee I never have understood why people like the stuff- 434: I don't either but it's a habit we take up. You see that's a habit people's take. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {D: You know} the man that smokes and chews {D: tobacco} it's a habit they pick up. A man take a habit of drinking that's a habit he picked up. Interviewer: #1 What # 434: #2 And- # Interviewer: sort of things do people smoke? Might smoke what? 434: Pipes. Cigarettes. Cigars. And uh you take the man that smokes he get to a place he claim he can't be without it. And I see a lot of people take one cigarette out his mouth and light another with it. Well the Bible said anything that will defile your body- and you keep using it then he will destroy you. And I- I was smoking. And I smoked everything I reckon anybody could bring to me. And I smoke so much so my tongue would get sore. Well I smoking a lot of free stuff you know that- that I cooked for a bunch outta Montgomery and they come down on the weekends and bring me cigarettes cigars and I'd put 'em on my {X} and had my box of matches in there and I just smoked right there all the time, I got to where I smoked so much when I'd look up my head and eyes were {X} {D: working this well}. I couldn't half see. Well that was getting against me. That smoking was beginning to defile my body and one day I put a pipe in my mouth my m- my wife owed me six packs. I had some was home-drawn like these buffalo cows with all them- there's some with hats on 'em you light it and put the hat on it and had crane on one side and I'd smoke 'em. And I was smoking one day and something spoke to me just like you would and said put that pipe down. {NW} But nobody told me but that scared me. I laid it down. And I said then- what then what's wrong with my pipes? And I had six or seven and I got my pipe-stem cleaners them things I had a box of them I cleaned 'em out. Maybe that was my trouble {D: now I did it again.} And started smoking and it made me sick I'd like to vomit he said put that pipe down I laid it down again. But it {X} The childrens come in. Fried chicken. Made biscuits. Had coffee. They were sitting there after got through eating sipping the coffee and smoking cigarettes. You know the peoples do that now days. I don't know why they do it but a lot of people sit around and take a sip of coffee and then take a draw on a cigarette. And I told her to go get my pipe. She went in there and got it I was sitting at the head of the table. I sucked on that pipe a time or two and that same voice come back to me and said put that pipe down. I laid it right over there in the ashtray by the- in the middle of the table. And I ain't smoked a pipe since. Interviewer: Well that's the way to do it. I'm glad I never got started with habit. People seem to have a lot of trouble. 434: That's right. See now I- I'm- I- my next birthday I'll be eighty if I ain't a hundred. Not going in fill up a quart bottle with a pitcher of water and I won't waste a spoon. {NS} And I know a- a man come's here. Cuz he ain't gonna stay. When you left that man and woman come in here that man pick up the fork eating with his hand that shaking that's Now how much water you reckon he could pour in a quart bottle? Interviewer: Not too much. 434: He- he's just like mopping the floor with it- Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} {X} Interviewer: That's right. 434: Now that smoking was the cuz of me being in that tape I quit smoke and I drank coffee. I drank coffee any time. And now- Now I ain't been I take a cup of coffee I quit drinking coffee I don't drink coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well. Well let's see uh- If you were walking along somewhere General and if someone i- is not going away from you you'd say that he's coming straight- 434: To me. Interviewer: Straight to you? Uh-huh. If uh later on you were- uh if you saw somebody that you haven't seen in a long time you might say well this morning I did what? 434: Friends Interviewer: You just happened to do what? You weren't looking for him- 434: #1 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Is that familiar? Uh-huh. Or you just sort of ran Aux: In between. Interviewer: Might of run into him or- 434: Just run into him somewhere I didn't know it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And hadn't seen him didn't know he was in the community and I happened to run into him somewhere. Interviewer: Alright. If a child is given the same name that her mother has you say that the parents named the child- 434: After. Interviewer: After the mother? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call that uh animal out there in the front yard you got that barks? What kind of animal is that? 434: Uh I would call him a bird dog. Interviewer: Is he a bird dog? 434: Yes he- I don't know what he is he's just he's mixed with bird dog and July all I can tell now he's just- Interviewer: {NW} 434: {D: He's such a dog.} Interviewer: {NW} If you wanted that dog to uh- to attack another dog or maybe attack another person what would you tell him? 434: Tell him to catch 'em. Interviewer: Catch 'em? Uh-huh what would you say to him if you wanted him to stop? 434: Come back here. Interviewer: Just come back? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you- would you say the same thing if you wanted him to come to you? 434: That's right. Just say come here and he come back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh If a dog's a- a mixed breed do you have any word that you'd call him? He's not a pure- he's not a pure breed but he's a mixed breed? 434: That's right. Well you call him- you couldn't help but to call him a mixed breed cuz he's mixed with- he got two kinds of dogs in him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: See his mammy would be a bulldog and his daddy could be a hound but you'd call him three quarter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you got any special names for just old worthless dogs? What would you call them? 434: Well I- my way of calling 'em just a sorry dog. Interviewer: #1 Just a sorry dog? # 434: #2 {D: When he thinks he's going to eat with me.} # Interviewer: You ever heard anybody call a mutt? Just an old mutt? 434: That's right. I heard 'em told- named that- Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever uh- what would you call just a real small noisy dog that just barks and gets in the way all the time? 434: Little feist. Interviewer: Little feist? 434: That's right. Interviewer: You ever had any of those? 434: Never even. Interviewer: Who would want 'em, huh? 434: {D: Never wanna be} told. Interviewer: {X} are they? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Yeah. If you say- if you- if you saw a dog that was real mean and you were walking along with somebody and you knew about that dog you say you better not g- get too close to him he might- 434: He bite you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say that- that dog would bit anyone yesterday he- Might've done it to the #1 mailman. # 434: #2 That's right # he- he bit a man yesterday. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the mailman had to go to- mailman had to go to the doctor 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 after he got- # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: Right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard uh anybody say dogbit? You say the mailman had to go to the doctor cuz he got dogbit? 434: Sure. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 Sure. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call uh the uh- in a herd of cattle what do you call the male animal? 434: Bull. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any kind of uh special word that a farmer would use to describe that animal? 434: What he's using is a male or a bull. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh- would women call them anything other than that? 434: I reckon the women'd call it what it is, he's a bull. Interviewer: Just a bull too? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you uh- would you call it anything if you were speaking in front of a woman would you call it anything differently? 434: A lot of them would call it a male. Interviewer: Just a male? 434: Before women Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 you know. # But the women know what you mean just as well say bull and- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Now it look like some} Get in your car it- 434: That's right. {NW} Interviewer: What kinda- what kinda cows uh do they raise around here General? 434: Now some folks prefer black aimless some these {X} Some these {D: Shemains shelains} what they call 'em I don't know what the other some {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: That's different kind, some Jerseys. Some Holstein. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are all those cows used for uh giving milk? 434: All of 'em give milk but a lot of them they- these- these big white face don't give as much milk as the Jersey and the Holstein. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know way back- way back when um there were certain kinds of animals that were used to pull a real heavy loads other than horses. Some- 434: #1 Steer. # Interviewer: #2 of them- # Steers? 434: You see they- they yoke them up. Interviewer: They kinda look like bulls? 434: They was bull and they- they castrate 'em and you know made oxens outta them. Interviewer: Huh. 434: See they- they strong they haul loads with 'em. Interviewer: What would you call two of 'em hitched together you'd say you had- 434: A yoke. Yoke oxen. Interviewer: What if you had uh four of 'em like that then you'd have two- 434: You'd have uh four yokes there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Was- is there anything other than oxen or- or uh horse- what would you- what all kinds of animals would you use to plow with? 434: Well they tried these steers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they tried horses. Mules. Some of them tried to use their little {D: jennies.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call a- what do you call a- a little- a little cow when it's first born? 434: Calf. Interviewer: Calf. Would you still call it that if it was a male? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Call it same thing if 434: #1 It wasn't a calf # Interviewer: #2 it was female? # 434: until it got grown. Interviewer: Doesn't matter whether it's male or 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 female? # Still- 434: And when he's growed up you call him a heifer calf. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now you give it that name in the beginning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now if it's a little male calf you'd ask what- what do you call- what k- kind of calf call it? Calf you call that. She had a little male calf this time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Maybe she had a heifer before. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had a cow named Daisy and she was expecting a calf you'd say that Daisy's going to do what? 434: Have a calf. Interviewer: Have a calf? Uh-huh. Have you ever heard the expression drop a calf? To mean the same thing? Aux: {D: Well I have} {D: You too} Interviewer: What about- what do you call a male horse General? 434: They call them studs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any uh special word that a farmer would use? What about women? 434: I reckon womens call 'em the same thing. Interviewer: Alright no #1 special word # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that you'd use 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 around women? # 434: {D: That's right.} Interviewer: Still call 'em stud? Uh-huh. What about a female horse what's that called? 434: Mare. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had uh more than one horse that you hitched up to the buggy you'd say the buggy's being drawn by what? Any special word for that? What would you call it? 434: Well I don't know. Interviewer: Do you have more than- 434: You have different horses you mean to drive? Interviewer: Right. No special word? 434: And if you was going to drive one of the horses you'd drive one like the day and one the nation. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Or maybe you just had 'em both hitched up to the buggy- 434: That's double hitch. Interviewer: Oh. 434: That's right see that {D: tongue} run between them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah if a person was trying to ride a h- a horse and he couldn't stay on you'd say that he did what? 434: He needs a saddle. Interviewer: {NW} Alright when he- 434: Now he fall over. Interviewer: Right. 434: Just fell over. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If a- if a little child woke up in the morning and he's- he was- found himself on the floor he said might say to himself my goodness in the night I must've- done what? He's supposed to be in bed but he wakes up on the floor he 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and during the night I must've done what? 434: Well you see they couldn't say {X} see he gets up on the floor and he let it come where he is. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Don't make no difference to him do it? Interviewer: {NW} Ah he musta- he musta fallen out of bed though 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 didn't he? # 434: Well that's better than the beds ain't it? Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 434: #2 If he gets # on the floor it's better on the floor that it would been in the bed. Interviewer: {NW} What do you call those things that uh you put on a- on a horse's feet to protect 'em? 434: Shoes. Interviewer: Just call 'em shoes? What about uh the parts of the f- um the horse's feet that you put the shoes onto? {NS} 434: Front feet. Interviewer: The front feet or you just #1 call 'em the- the what? # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You know the- what do you- do you- do you- do you say that a horse has feet or that he has- 434: He have hoofs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: See they nail it to the horse's hoof. Interviewer: Does that hurt? 434: That's uh- it don't hurt him cuz it don't takes no flesh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen a- a game that people play with- with 434: #1 Horse shoes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: I seen 'em do that now I don't know what- what it means I never have played it. I've seen 'em chunking horse shoes I- Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard that game called anything else besides horse shoes? 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call a- do you know anything about sheep General? 434: Sheeps? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call a male sheep? 434: I don't think I'm ever knowing what they call a male sheep. Interviewer: Ever heard it called a- You know its the- its the sheep with uh with great big horns on it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: You ever heard him called a ram? 434: That's right I heard it. Well that's what the males is. A ram. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you know what they call the female? 434: Oh that- that's is a female- now the female don't have no horns. Interviewer: Have you ever heard a female called a yew? Never heard that? What- what do you raise sheep for anyway general? Do you- 434: Well uh- a lot of them say they raise 'em to get the wool off for clothes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: See they shear 'em once or twice a year don't they? Interviewer: That's right. 434: And that's what they claim they make wool clothes out of. Interviewer: You never had much dealing with sheep? 434: Never did have no sheep. Interviewer: Well you oughta know more about hogs then I imagine. We were talking about hogs the other day, what do you- what do you call a male hog? 434: That's- that's what you call a bull hog they- a lot of peoples call 'em males and a lot of 'em say a bull hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any special word that a farmer would use? 434: That's all the farm- Interviewer: Just a bull? What about women would they call it a bullhog? 434: These call 'em- a lot of 'em call 'em bullhogs and some of 'em say the old male hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh if you were talk- talking in front of women would you still say 434: #1 I'd say # Interviewer: #2 a bull- # 434: a male hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call a- a male that's been castrated? 434: They call that a s- stag. Interviewer: A stag? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: See he's- They call- they call them stags after they use 'em for male uh few years then castrate 'em they call them stags. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What a- what about a- a little one when its first born what do you call that? 434: Pig. Interviewer: Just a pig? When it's a little older and a little bigger what do you call it? 434: They call it a {X} Interviewer: A {X}? Uh-huh. How- how big do they have to be before you call 'em uh hogs? 434: Hundred and fifty, two hundred pounds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what do you call those uh real stiff hairs on a hog's back? The stiff hairs on a hog's back? 434: Bristle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. What about those you know some hogs have these big teeth. 434: Tush. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that the same thing that- that- 434: And they bite me- {D: crunch me} Interviewer: Have you ever seen any pictures of these elephants? You know they have- 434: I've seen a picture of an elephant now Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd call them tushes #1 too? # 434: #2 Tushes. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you- what do you call the thing that you put the feed in that you feed- 434: Trough. Interviewer: Uh-huh if you had three or four of 'em you'd say you had three- you gotta go 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 out. # 434: have to have a long trough that's three or four troughs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you have any kind of special name for a hog that's grown up wild? 434: Nothing on a wild hog. Interviewer: Just a wild hog you ever heard it called a mountain rooter? 434: #1 Never heard that. # Interviewer: #2 Or a # tiny woods rooter? 434: I've heard of tiny woods rooter. But these- these mountain hogs they speak of they- they as wild all as they alive they ain't never been handled Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: by people see Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Got off in the woods and went wild and they {D: weren't made ham by people} they- they banged us. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And we were talking about- you have to- you have to castrate a pig if you didn't want it to be a bull would you say the same thing about uh- about a horse? You say- 434: #1 A lot of # Interviewer: #2 after the same thing? # 434: people'd call a {NW} male horse a stag. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But if you- if you wanted to- if you wanted to alter the horse would you still say you're gonna castrate it? 434: Well I don't know what they call 'em after they castrate 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} What about old tomcat? Would you say the same thing? If you wanted to alter him? 434: See he- if he's a tomcat before they castrate him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now that's it you castrated 'em and he- he- I don't know what they- what kind of a name they'd give him then he- he just like a steer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of the noise that a calf makes when its being weened? The n- the noise that a calf makes when its being weened? Do you know what that #1 is? # 434: #2 Uh-uh. # Bleat? Interviewer: Yeah. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Something like that. What about uh- what about you know a very soft noise made by cow when its feeding? What would you call that? Say listen to that cow do what? 434: Eat? Aux: Low? Interviewer: Well just you know the noise that the cow makes when its eating. 434: She's chewing her cud. {NS} Interviewer: Does it make any sound other than just that chewing noise? 434: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 Not that I # know of. Don't make no difference you can hear chewing now she didn't have- Interviewer: What about- 434: She got teeth in front you know. Interviewer: What about the sound that a cow makes when it wants to be milked? What would you say- 434: That's your low. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever maybe say moo or something like that? 434: A lot of folks says moo {X} the old word was your low. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh- uh- what would you say the- the very soft noise that a hor- that a horse makes? You wouldn't say the horse is lowing would you? What would you say? 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you got some- some horses you know and mules and cows and- and so on when- when they're getting hungry you gonna have to go out an do what? 434: Feed 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I bet you had to feed a lotta- 434: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 cattle in # your time didn't you? 434: Tell me. Interviewer: Well what about if you had you know a lo- lot of hens and turkeys and geese and ducks and something like that and uh what would you call all those animals together? You know they're all different types hens and ducks and geese and what would you call all of 'em together you say you got a lot of what? 434: I'd say I had a lotta- Interviewer: You know if you had a- #1 if you had a lot of um # Aux: #2 Fowls. # Interviewer: cows and horses and- and uh oxen or whatever you'd say you have a lot of cattle. What would you say if you had 434: #1 I'd say # Interviewer: #2 a lotta- # 434: I had a lotta chickens and turkeys. Aux: Lotta fowls. Interviewer: But you wouldn't- you wouldn't use- 434: Have a flock of chickens. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would- would you use just one word to describe all these different kinds of birds? 434: I wouldn't- well it was- Aux: Got a {X} of fowls. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Uh- Interviewer: Would you say you got a lot of- gotta feed the fowls? 434: Got to feed- that'd settle it all feed the fowl you see that brought all of 'em in. Interviewer: Right. 434: But it would be cheapened going round telling bout the {X} turkeys and chickens and all that kinda stuff I got to feed the fowls. Interviewer: That's right. What about- what would you call a- a hen that's trying to hatch out something? 434: Diddies? Interviewer: Well not the diddies, what would you call the hen itself that's trying to hatch out the diddies? 434: Sitting hen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what would you call the place where the chickens live? 434: Chicken house. Interviewer: Chicken house? What about if its just a little uh kinda shelter built out in the open you know where the diddies can- can run under to keep out of the rain would you call that a chicken house too? 434: Call that a coop. Interviewer: Just a coop? Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Would you call it a- a coop if its um- if its a place where you keep the ones that you gotta send to the market? Would you still call that a coop? 434: Well you see when you raise 'em like {X} you don't have 'em for the market. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now that- now what you speaking about is like this chicken house out {X} See you raise 'em there- Interviewer: What would you call a- a porch at the back of the house General? 434: Back porch. Interviewer: Just call that a back porch? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if I- if I came into the room and I left the door open and you didn't want it to stay open you'd tell me to do what? 434: Close the door. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- and would you might- might u- would you say anything else maybe? Close the door or- Or do #1 what? # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Might say- Aux: Slam the door? Interviewer: #1 If you didn't # Aux: #2 the door? # Interviewer: say close the door you might say what? Might say- Don't leave that door open go back and- Aux: Shut it. 434: That's right. {D: Well}. That's the only thing you said isn't it? Don't leave the door open. Interviewer: #1 Or # Aux: #2 Go ahead and # shut it. Interviewer: Or it might tell her to shut the door? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Mmm-kay. What do you call you know the boards like you have on the side of your house that overlap each other, what do you call that? 434: Weather board. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Weather board. Uh have you ever heard that called anything else 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 maybe a- # Interviewer: an older word for that? 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I'da #1 used it. # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: Well {X} and they set 'em straight up and they take a {X} {D: and one before it cuz} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And put over the crack {NS} See they- they leave a crack bout that wide between them boards well then they get another strip and tack over that pipe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they put six nails in it. And when them boards come from over that crack you sitting there in fresh air camp in the house wind would come right in through and on you you know they had them boards that stripped out to keep the wind turnt back and after that sun would draw them nails out well that left a crack in the wall about that wide. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the part of the house that covers the top? 434: Roofing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call those little things on the edge of the roof that the w- carries the water off? 434: Gutters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard those called anything else? Uh-huh. What do you uh uh you know where you might have a house where you have two roofs you know that come together what do you call that area right between the two? Have you ever heard that called a- 434: They call that a {X} between the two Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard that called anything besides a 434: #1 Never # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: have, they use to run them things into wells for water. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: The water come off of the house and run into a well and that's what they drink. Interviewer: What would you call maybe a little building that you might have outside where you might keep your tools or your wood or something like that? Might say ya- you have a little what out back? 434: Something like a room back there? Interviewer: Uh-huh or just a- a real small building where you might keep wood or tools or something like that. What would you call something like that? 434: Well they'd call that a- You mean a wood- for #1 your wood? # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You- you might keep your stove wood there. 434: They call that a woodhouse. Interviewer: Woodhouse? Aux: {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard that called anything else? 434: Never have. Put your wood in there you know and when it rains you still got dry wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Before- before ya- ya had indoor plumbing General what would you call a- a pla- an outdoor toilet? Aux: {NW} 434: Lotta people used to call 'em back houses. Interviewer: Is that right? Is that- is that what 434: #1 Yeah that's right. # Interviewer: #2 you would call it? # 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any- is there any word that you might call it if you were just joking with somebody? 434: No uh not as I know of. Interviewer: You'd still call it a backhouse? 434: Backhouse. Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {NW} 434: In fact a woman come in here didn't she and asked could she- did we have a bath or something other like that I told her yeah. She said well I sit up there that {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: {NW} yeah it- yeah yeah yeah I'm {X} Interviewer: Mm. What uh you said you did a lot of farming General, what kind of buildings would you have on a farm? 434: Buildings? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What different- 434: Cotton house. Cribs. Feed houses. Interviewer: What ab- 434: Barns for the mules. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would- what- what did you use a barn for? What did you 434: #1 Corn. # Interviewer: #2 keep in a barn? # 434: Hay. Interviewer: Kept the corn and the hay in the barn? 434: And mules on the side shelved on the side for the mules. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the corn crib was a place where you stored the corn? 434: That's where I stored my corn in that barn you know and that crib, they call it crib. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you- did you have a building or maybe a part of a building where you stored other kinds of grain? 434: I didn't have nothing else but corn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You- have you ever heard of a granary? What would you call the upper part of a barn? Aux: {X} Interviewer: The high part of it. 434: {D: Old-} Now they used to call that a a loft. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Where you kept your hay and fodder and stuff. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any other place in a barn where you might store hay? Other than the loft? 434: Well if if your barn big enough you can store your hay have rungs on the side for your hay and wrung for your corn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Stuff like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call- uh what do you call it when you have hay piled out piled up outside a barn? What do you call that pile of hay? 434: Well I couldn't- Aux: Haystack. {X} 434: That's- that's called uh a stack of hay I guess stacked up outside the barn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh if you- if you just had it piled up in- in small piles in the field after its cut what would you call those things? 434: They call that a- {NS} they have it- you mean four and five bales at {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well they- they- they call that a windroll where they bale the hay and chunk it off the side and you take a truck and drive it on and pick it up. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: They call that a- a windroll. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} Have you ever seen a- a place on a farm that would be used for storing hay outside a barn, it might have- be all- might have a roof you know on four poles or something like that and you put hay under it? 434: I seen that. Interviewer: You know what 434: #1 {D: thought I had a shelf}. # Interviewer: #2 that's called? # Just a shelf? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What- what would you call the hay when its out in the field just drying? You know just- just piled up in the field to let it dry? 434: Uh I don't know is there is it another name for the hay. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard that called a haycock? Never heard it called that. Aux: {D: I heard it before, he's {X}} 434: Huh? Aux: Gotta pick the haystack that he {X} something like that. Interviewer: Where- where'd you keep your cows on a farm General? 434: In the pasture. Interviewer: In the pasture? When you wanted to put 'em inside where would you put 'em? 434: Cow pen where I milk 'em at. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call a place that was covered where you put your cows in? 434: Barn. Interviewer: Just call it a barn? 434: Cow barn. Interviewer: Cow barn? Uh-huh. What about a- what do you call a place where people keep horses? 434: Call that a barn. Interviewer: A barn? You ever- 434: Horses. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything else? Okay. You said that uh when you're going to milk the cows you kept 'em in a cowpen? 434: That's right. Interviewer: {X} Uh-huh. Uh did you ever have a special place where you kept your cows uh until you got a- a lot of manure in that place and then you used it for uh growing something? 434: They call that a cowpen. {NS} See you pen the cows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: #1 {D: At nights.} # Aux: #2 Well there's # stalls too {X} Interviewer: Would it- would it be the same thing as the 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 cowpen where # you keep 'em for 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 milking? # 434: See you pen 'em at night. {NS} You had a good bunch of cattle and you pen 'em at night you grow fertilizer there, compost they call it, manure yep. For your garden and 'tatoes and stuff. Interviewer: That pretty good for growing stuff? 434: Oh there's- {D: mixed a} watermelon. Collard greens. Interviewer: That'd say- that'll do it huh? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Good. What uh- where do you keep your hogs and your pigs, where- what kind of place would you call that? 434: Well they g- got a place they call a hog pasture. They have different lot for hogs and the cows see you- you have this hog wire and then they have barbed wire. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Cows, now you dig your hog pens outta hog wire they call it. Interviewer: What was the difference? 434: Well you see just barbed wire is to build pastures for cows. Well the ho- the barbed wire won't keep a hog like it will a cow, a hog'll go through it. Interviewer: Is that right, will it hurt it? It won't? 434: He's a- he's a crazy {X} he'll go through that. Interviewer: He just doesn't care huh? 434: That's right. You can't go through it. Interviewer: Would- would this hogpen be open or would it have some kind of cover over it? 434: It'll be open. Now {X} some people have {D: fourteen or fifteen} just in the hog pasture. Interviewer: Would you call it anything different if it had a cover over it? 434: Nah well. I don't know what you'd call it if it had a cover over it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now I've seen it in the North where they have a whole pens and have 'em covered and have {X} But it's cold there you know and- and them hogs sleep in a floor place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they {X} in the North they got upstairs and they elevate cows upstairs. And got hay for 'em to sleep in. They be three {X} sometimes {X} them cow barns where they have these milk {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 434: Cows sleeping on floors and have hay to stay warm. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah that's a- that's a special kind of farm where they just raise milk cows. 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 You call # that a what? You said it what, what kind of farm? 434: Dairy farm. Interviewer: Dairy farm. 434: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Are there many of those around here? 434: There ain't no dairy farms around here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: They got 'em in the North the holstein milk, Holstein cows. Few peoples have jersey cows {D: but them}- but the most have holstein cuz they get so much milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: What the milk is {X} {D: don't have the cream is} the other cows do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you- what do you call that place around the barn where you might let your cows and mules and other animals just walk around? You'd- you'd say that's just the what? You know just where all the animals wal- free to walk around. Somethin- 434: Well they call that a lot. Interviewer: Just a lot? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh the place- the place where you have your cows graze that's out in the- 434: That's out in the pasture. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Was uh- did you have a fence around the pasture? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did uh- you ever raise cotton? 434: {X} Interviewer: How did you uh- what sort of work did you do when you were raisin cotton? 434: See we put a path through the ground and put out the fertilizer and planted the cotton Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {D: Bar it off) Chop it and {D: side} it up. And lay it by. And peak it and get the gin. And have the gin and bale and they {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. That sounds like a lotta work. 434: It was. Plenty. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call the- the kinda grass that you might have in a field somewhere that you don't want? You know that you always- 434: {X} straw fields. Interviewer: Straw field? Any other- any other kinda name for it you know stuff that you just have to pull up every time you got out there and get rid of it? 434: Well you see the- the one you try to get rid of all the time is Johnson grass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have a lot of that? 434: #1 Well that's my you can't get rid of # Aux: #2 {X} # Upgrass is bad. 434: Upgrass is the worst for you. You pull that up everyday and it will be back the next morning. Aux: {X} Big- Big {X} 434: And sand spurs you ever see them? Interviewer: Oh yeah I've gotten sand spurs a lot. 434: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Have to rip those things out of your pants. 434: {NW} Interviewer: That's right. Those things kinda sting if you get in to enough #1 of 'em. # Aux: #2 You know # {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: That's a job isn't it? 434: #1 {D: Tell it} # Interviewer: #2 Tearing that # stuff up. 434: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: They'll be worth a {X} Interviewer: {D: I know} 434: Stick all over your clothes. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's not much fun is it? 434: You tell it. Interviewer: What would you call the place where you- where you grow your cotton and your corn? 434: Field. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Cotton patch. Call it a cotton field and corn field. Interviewer: Is uh- is a patch smaller than a field? 434: Well it's sometime they have eighteen or twenty acres. Ten and twelve acres in one of them. And cotton. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Around fifteen acres in corn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you'd still call it- you- you might call it either a field or a patch? 434: That's right. Interviewer: There's not any difference in a field 434: #1 There not no # Interviewer: #2 and a patch? # 434: difference just corn field and cotton field and then you have six, seven acres of peanuts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Call that your peanut crop. Field for your peanuts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would- what kinda fence would you call it if you might have one around your yard or around your garden might be a little white fence, you know? What kind of fence would you call that? 434: Yard fence? Interviewer: Just a yard fence? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh- you might have a taller fence than that you might have round your chicken yard. Would you call that anything else? 434: That's what you'd call a chicken yard. Interviewer: You would call- what would you call a fence around your chicken yard? Might be taller than the one around your uh front yard or your garden. 434: Well your chicken yard should be taller than your front yard. Interviewer: Would you- would you call that a- would you call that a garden fence? 434: I wouldn't call that a garden fence I'd call that a chicken yard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about the- the type of fence that you might have around your field? What kinds of fence would you have- 434: {D: Well now} they have a hog fence. A few fence to {X} and a lot of peoples they holed up crop is fenced up in barbed wire. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they got a few cross fences for hog wires see they- You keep cows in barbed wire and you have to have a hog fence to keep your hogs. Interviewer: Before they came out with barbed wire fence what kind of fence did they have? 434: Rails. Interviewer: Just a rail fence? 434: And poles. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How did uh- how is a rail fence put together? What does it look like? 434: Well you'd start them laying a rail on this 'un. And the fence'd run from corner to corner the rails would go this way and this way and they'd come around this- And that's the way they built the fence see they'd start laying a rail here, here's your bottom rail and then you'd lay one on top of here and lay one over yonder and going and get your fence up about this high. Then you pull a corner two rails standing in the corner that brace the fence. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Cause keep the cows from pushing it down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know sometime when you when you were clearing a field you might have to take a lotta rock out of the field and some people use that rock to make a fence, have you ever seen a- What would 434: #1 I've seen it # Interviewer: #2 you call a- # 434: in the North where they use rocks to make fences. Interviewer: What do they call those things? 434: I don't know what they call it up there but I seen it in {NS} I was going to New Jersey I see several places where they use rocks building fences. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you- Aux: {X} Interviewer: You never seen any round here? 434: Never I've never seen 'em in the South. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah we were talking about a barbed wire fence, when you're putting up a barbed wire fence you have to dig a hole in the ground so you can put those- 434: That's right. Interviewer: What do you call those things? 434: Posts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Put your posts down there and then you gotta bang the strips the wire with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And pull it tight. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And then keep the {X} wouldn't have but two strands of barbed wire to keep the cows, the cows got the whole night you gotta have four strands or sometimes six to keep cows outta there. Interviewer: Bout how big are one of those things? That you put in the ground? 434: Oh some of 'em thick as the bottom of that post, they use cross ties for some of 'em Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 rope # tie. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You know that's pretty big job digging a hole for a fence with {D: like a railroad trying to go in.} Interviewer: You know I- I helped a friend of mine he had to dig some holes in his backyard to put a- a gate you know? And you- you know these post hole diggers? 434: That's right. Interviewer: That you have to dig? Well I tell you what, that's work. #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {D: Yeah it is} # Interviewer: I just dug- 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # a couple of 'em but I was just bout worn out after that. 434: You see that- the boy that put this fence round here he had a pair of hole diggers with {X} and he was trying to dig the holes he's just working hisself to death out there and them things all bent up. He too stingy to buy 'em. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 He was paying for it wasn't he? # 434: #2 {NW} # You tell 'em. I said boy why don't you sharpen them things? Oh you can't sharpen no hole digger I said you get your file and lemme show you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- what would you- you know a lot of people have uh a special set of dishes that they just use when company comes. What would you call- what would you say those dishes are made out of? Very fine 434: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 dishes. # 434: A lot of peoples have Chinese stuff you know- Interviewer: Have you ever seen a- an egg made out of that that somebody might put in a- a chicken's nest to try to get it to lay? 434: I seen that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. They just call it a what? 434: A- the- Interviewer: Say I'm gonna put this- 434: This- this egg in here that's a- a whatcha call that {X} Uh Interviewer: The egg would be made out of the same stuff? 434: That's right. Aux: China. Interviewer: The dishes? 434: China. Interviewer: It would be a- 434: China {D: you know}. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: It'd be a China {X} 434: And- and- I- I used to know the name because Aux: {X} 434: Cuz I can't think of it now. Interviewer: So if they- 434: But I've seen 'em in nests. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If the- if the eggs made out of this stuff you'd just say well it's just a- a- a #1 what? # Aux: #2 Egg. # Interviewer: What kind of egg it's a- Aux: Chinese e- 434: {X} A form of a egg, it ain't no egg. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just an old China egg. 434: Just a old China thing to fool the hen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: As long as the hen see that they'll lay they think ain't nobody breaking them up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} {NS} But people get some things and put 'em in nests cuz I've seen them in several people's round with white folks you know where they have them things in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I didn't have no- What you get 'em for I reckon they get {D: it eat their nest egg}. Interviewer: If you were going out to the well to get some water what would you carry with you to carry that water in? 434: Bucket. A rope. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- what- what would these buckets, what do they look like? What shape were they? 434: They round. Interviewer: Just round? Would a- what would a bucket be made out of? 434: Well some of them made out of aluminum some of them made out of zinc {D: they coated} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh- What would you use to carry milk in? Going out to the cows 434: #1 A cooler. # Interviewer: #2 you got a- # A what? 434: A cooler. Interviewer: A cooler? You would- you would- 434: Like gallon bucket sometime we'd have five gallon- ten gallon, I mean ten bucket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Five gallon {D: ninety got} {X} what these {D: whites} buckets you get now. Aux: {X} 434: #1 Huh? # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 434: Huh? Aux: {X} 434: Yes. Aux: {X} 434: Yes. Aux: {X} 434: And uh Loma buckets. Aux: Yes {X} Interviewer: Have you ever heard 'em called pails? Aux: Pail. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Is there any difference between a bucket and a pail? Are they the same 434: #1 Sometimes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: it- the pail's a pitcher. Interviewer: A pitcher. Aux: {D: No it's not} Pail is a bucket. 434: Huh? Aux: {X} Interviewer: What kind of- what kind of bucket would you keep in your kitchen maybe to throw scraps into and then carry that to the pigs, what would you 434: #1 Slop bucket. # Interviewer: #2 call- # Slop bucket? Uh-huh. Uh. What would you call the same thing that- as that except it might be bigger just to put you know trash and waste into? 434: Garbage. Interviewer: Just call it a garbage? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call uh- what do you use to fry eggs in? 434: Frying pan. Interviewer: Frying pan? Uh-huh. Would uh- would a frying pan have a round bottom or a flat bottom? 434: Well it's some of them got a round bottom and some of 'em have a flat bottom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard a frying pan called anything else? Uh-huh. 434: Huh? Aux: How come you tell me {X} You never had none of that fryer on hand {X} 434: Well it's a frying pan. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Have you ever seen one that had legs on it? 434: I've seen them. Interviewer: What would you call that? 434: They call them ovens. They used to bake in 'em, had a long handle on it. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: Had- used to have them with the leg to it and you'd put your biscuits in it. Interviewer: Would you- would you- you'd ever seen this thing used you know like in the fireplace? Aux: That's what I'm talking about. Interviewer: Those you would use in a fireplace? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: We had one in here. And- and uh Somebody borrowed it and {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} It was ours. Interviewer: What did you call that- that big black thing that you said you were gonna uh- 434: Pot. Interviewer: cook the cat stew in? 434: Pot. Interviewer: Just a great big pot? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Have you ever heard 434: #1 Now we gots- # Interviewer: #2 that called # 434: they got {D: kilns} and they got pots well you got these great biggun's out bout this use to make syrup in it . It's called a syrup killer. Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: {X} 434: There's one out there at the well now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever use these things for anything else or did you ever see 'em- anybody use it to boil potatoes in or something like that? 434: We scalded hogs in 'em. Interviewer: Is that right? Uh-huh. What uh- what would you call something that you might have in the house uh that you'd put cut flowers in? Just for an ornament? You would put the flowers in a what? {NS} What was- uh let's see did you tell me what that thing was that you kept the flowers in? 434: Flower pots? Interviewer: Alright flower pots. Would you- would you still call it a flower pot if it maybe was inside you kept it up on the mantel? For- if somebody brought you a lot of roses or something like that what would you put 'em in? 434: Vase. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What are some of the things that you set down beside your plate that you use to eat with? In the kitchen. You'd use- What? 434: Fork. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Knife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Spoon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had more than one knife you'd say you had two- 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And a knife and a fork. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And a spoon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen uh uh uh- If every person had to uh ec- let's say you were having six people over to eat that's mean that you'd have to have- you'd have to have six forks and six spoons and six- What else? 434: Knife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Well after the uh- after you eat what do you have to do to the dishes? 434: Wash 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about after- after {B} washes the dishes then she has to use clear water to do what? 434: Just rinse 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the- the cloth or the rag that you use to wash dishes? 434: Dishrag. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the cloth or the rag that you use to dry 'em? 434: Drying rag. Or drying towel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about y- what about the piece of cloth that you use when you bath yourself? What do you call that? 434: Bath cloth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about w- after you get finished bathing what do you use to dry yourself off with? 434: A towel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever heard a towel called anything else? 434: Never have. Interviewer: What do you call the thing there at the kitchen sink that the water comes out of? 434: Spigot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if it was out in the yard? What would you call it? 434: You'd call it same thing {D: wouldn't you} Interviewer: Spigot? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Have you ever seen these big barrels that people uh maybe who work out on the highway use, they go up and get a drink of water and that little thing has something that 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 the water # comes out of? 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 What would you # call that? 434: Call that a faucet. Interviewer: Call that a faucet? Uh-huh. Okay. you know it's- it's getting kinda cooler out here it might get so cold that- that uh- you know if you turned on the water nothing'd come out, you'd say it might got- it's gotten so cold that the pipes had done what? 434: See the pipes filled up with ice. Interviewer: And what'd that make 'em do? 434: Bust. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Yeah. You were talking about uh just a- a lot of flour, if you went down to the store and you wanted to buy just a whole lotta flour what might it come in? 434: Bags. Interviewer: If- maybe even bigger than a bag. Somethin- 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You know if they use to ship in # 434: come in but a barrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Barrel. That's right. Uh. Let's see anything else any- have you ever seen anything else other than flour that's packed in a barrel? 434: I've seen meat packed in barrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- have you ever bought any molasses and a lotta molasses- what would a lotta molasses be packaged in? 434: Uh well a lotta molasses would be a barrel. {X} Interviewer: A barrel? Uh-huh what about- 434: Unless you got an eight gallon bucket- several gallon buckets. Interviewer: What about lard? What would a lot of lard- 434: Well lard come in fifty pound cans somewhere. Interviewer: Is there any special name for a very large lard can? 434: Some of 'em have two hundred pounds. Interviewer: But it- 434: Some cans have a hundred pounds some cans and ol'- people's {D: already} have two hundred pounds {X} Aux: {X} 434: #1 Huh? # Aux: #2 Is there any- # Interviewer: is there any special name for a very big- have you ever heard it called a stand? Stand of lard or stand of molasses? 434: I never heard of that I always use cans Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 you know like # uh Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And barrels they used to come in- they used to get it in barrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You know if you were- # If you were gonna take some of that molasses and you wanted to pour it into a- a small little bottle what- what might you have to use to keep it from spilling all over the place? 434: Have to have a funnel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen people use a funnel for anything else? 434: That's right. {NS} Interviewer: Might use it to put gas in a car or something like that? 434: They use it put it draw gas outta another car and cipher it over into #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 434: they use a funnel. Interviewer: Sometimes people do that when they not supposed to, don't they? 434: That's right. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: Oh. What do you- have you ever ridden on a buggy General? 434: Buggy? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Yes {D: I have} Interviewer: What do you call- what do you call that thing that you use to make your horses go faster? 434: Buggy whip. Interviewer: Buggy whip. Uh-huh. What about uh you know if you- if you go down to the grocery store the- the boy might put all the- what does he put all your stuff in? So that you can carry- 434: Bags. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. Have you ever heard bo- uh that called anything else? 434: Never have. Interviewer: Just any different size bag doesn't matter- make a difference whether it's 434: #1 They plen- they're different # Interviewer: #2 small or large? # 434: size bags they Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Some big and some small. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now you said that- that flour might not be uh might not be put in a barrel it might be put in something else. Like if it was put in something made outta cloth what would you call that? 434: Sacks? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you- what uh What different kinds are there? You know what they're- what they're made out of? 434: The sacks? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I sure don't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Cloth some of 'em. 434: Huh? Aux: Cloth {X} get knives in the paper bags {X} {X} {X} 434: Yes they used to have it in {X} bags. Aux: Uh-huh. 434: #1 Now- # Interviewer: #2 What about uh- # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about the type of thing that- that feed or seed or manure or something like that might come in? 434: Sacks. Interviewer: Would that be a sack too? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Would it be made- would it make- might be a- a- more rough material or coarse material? 434: You see it- it's made as coarse stuff that's fertilized. Now they getting they fertilize comes in paper bags now it used to come in cloth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of a croker sack? 434: They used to have croker sacks used to- use all the oats and corn and stuff like that in croker sacks. But your flour and stuff would come in white sacks. And now they go and put the flour in paper bags and they put meal in paper bags and they don't use the cloth bags no more. Interviewer: You know le- if you were gonna take some corn to the mill what would you call the amount of corn you could take to the mill at one time? 434: Bushel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Satchel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what would you call the amount of wood you could carry at one time? 434: Ton. They call this ton of wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard that called anything else? 434: Never have- Interviewer: Never have. Uh-huh. You know if- if that thing right there burned out you'd have to change the what? That's a- 434: #1 Have to get # Interviewer: #2 What would you call- # 434: a new bulb. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You- you would call it uh- It's not like a- It's not like a- a bulb that you plant but that's a- You tell the ma- 434: A light bulb. Interviewer: Yeah you tell the man at the store to get you a light bulb. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you use to carry out your washing to uh the clothes line? You'd have to hang it out to dry, what would you use to carry the clothes in out back? 434: Hell ask her that. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Basket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Buckets? Carry 'em in different things now sometimes {X} a tub, put 'em in a tub and take 'em out back. But mostly they used to have buckets they tote 'em out in. But they wouldn't nothing else. Weren't no plastic bags then like they got now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You had to tote 'em out in buckets and tubs. What would you use- what do nails come in, it might be something 434: #1 A keg. # Interviewer: #2 smaller # than a barrel. 434: They come in a wooden keg. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call those uh- that thing that runs around the barrel that holds it together? 434: Barrel hoops. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Just kinda keeps it in place? 434: That's right. {NS} Keep it- keeps it from tearing up. If that bushel of nails comes out {NS} Interviewer: You just got a lot of nails all over the floor don't you? 434: That's right you gotta job cleaning them them hooks bust off {X} {NS} Interviewer: And when you- when you put a- some liquid into a bottle what do you put in the- the top of the bottle to keep the liquid from spilling out? 434: Stopper. {NS} Interviewer: What's that- what- what would a stopper be made out of? {NS} 434: It's made out of plastic now it used to made out of corks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Used to be a cork stopper. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call that thing- I know that you can play guitar General. Have you ever seen anybody play this instrument you know they have to blow on 434: #1 Jew's # Interviewer: #2 through- # 434: harp. Interviewer: Kinda makes a 434: #1 And a # Interviewer: #2 sound? # 434: harp you blow into it the mouth, they have Jew's harps then they have another harp. Interviewer: What's the other kind? 434: See the Jew's harp you put it in your mouth and pick it Interviewer: Uh-huh. It kinda makes a twanging sound? 434: That's right. And these other harps you slide 'em up outta your mouth for a tube make a {NS} Interviewer: Do you- Have you ever played either one of those? 434: I've- I tried all of 'em. Interviewer: {NW} What do you call the- the thing that you use to pound nails with? 434: Hammer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I bet you been in a lot of wagons haven't you General? 434: Tell. Interviewer: {NW} What do you call- if you have a- a wagon and two horses what do you call that- that long wooden piece that runs between the hor- 434: Tongue. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you- you said you've ridden on a buggy too. What do you call those things that you have to back the horse between? 434: Buggy shacks. Interviewer: Buggy shacks. Uh-huh. You know when you got a uh uh the wheel on your wagon the part right inside of the middle's the hub. 434: That's right. Interviewer: And that hub turns around on the- what does it turn on? 434: On an axle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then from the hub you got the spokes 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 coming out # And the spokes come out and fit onto the what's the thing- 434: {D: Fit uh} Tire wagon tire up in the tire you know them spokes come from the hub and fit up in the- the wooden part where the tire is and if them spokes comes out the tire drop off and then you don't have nothing but the hub. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Sometimes the outside of the wagons wheel's made out of- of uh out of steel. 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 You say it # had a- a steel what? 434: Steel axle. A wheel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or just the- the rim of the wheel? 434: That's right, well you see they don't- the spokes don't come out of the end. Interviewer: Have you ever seen a wheel that uh you had the- the rim was in sections? What- do you know what you call 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 one of those sections? # 434: In pieces. Interviewer: Do you know what those pieces where called, do they have a special name? 434: I didn't know what the name {D: they call it} They connect them together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard it called a filly? Never heard that? 434: Never have. {NS} Interviewer: You know what uh the uh- wh- on a wagon what do you hook the traces to? 434: Singletree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the singletrees are connected to what if you have two horses? 434: To the doubletree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard the doubletree called anything else? 434: Never anything else. {D: I think} I guess. Interviewer: I guess you might- some people might call it a double-singletree. 434: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 434: They might. Interviewer: Oh. 434: You see it comes over that tongue and there's a hole through that tongue and that pin goes down through the tongue and this doubletree's connected on top of the tongue. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And the mule pull by this doubletr- tree and the tongue is just to hold the wagon steady. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You unbreast it Take the breast chain and loosen the mules the wagon roll most anywhere, run over the mules if they don't get out of the way. Interviewer: That's right. If- if somebo- if somebody had a load of wood in his wagon and he was just driving along with it you'd say that he's doing what? Just got a load of- 434: Got a load of wood on his wagon. Interviewer: What's he- what's he doing with that wood? 434: Carrying it to the house for firewood. Aux: {X} Interviewer: But would you ever say he's just hauling wood? 434: That's right {X} and say he's hauling wood. Interviewer: Okay. You know sometimes when you're hauling wood you might come across a big uh log in the road and you'd say well I gotta- I gotta tie a rope ar- around that log and- 434: #1 Drag it # Interviewer: #2 do what? # 434: out the way. Interviewer: Alright that ever happen to you? 434: That's right. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # {D: Plenty'd} happened to me. Interviewer: Yeah. You might say you know- if you've done that a lot of times you might be telling me well- well we've done what? We've- Aux: Go around it. Interviewer: If you had to drag a- just a lot- if you had to drag a- five times before that day you say we had a rough day 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 We- # we hadn't- we've- 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Just what? # 434: Had a rough day and had to drag things out the road before Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 we could pass. # Interviewer: That's right. What do you call that thing you use to break up the ground right at first before you plant anything? 434: Plow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did uh- After you plowed did you use anything to break up the ground even finer than that? 434: You have a disk you'd run over it and cut it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any special name for that? 434: All I know is that disks cut it up and see the clods and things that we cut up, see this turning plow sometime turns up big sheets of stuff like this disk comes on and grind it up. Then you take the shelves and stuff and got loose dirt around {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: To plant your stuff in. Interviewer: Have you ever heard c- that called a harrow? 434: Well I've seen harrows they have {X} I've seen harrows they drag over the ground with- with a lot of teeth {X} you know Put a weight on it. Interviewer: How they- Are there a lot of different kinds of plows? 434: Sure. See there's turning plows and silverstocks they call 'em turning {X} and {D: scooters} and Sweeps. Scrapes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- 434: Plow wings. Plow points. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what would you call- have you ever seen a- a- some wood that might be shaped like an X that you might use to lay a log across to saw it? Never seen anything like that? 434: I never seen that. Aux: Yes you have. Interviewer: Alright y- you know you might lay a log across it to chop it into stove wood or something like that? 434: Oh I've had what they call a- they call that a horse. Interviewer: A horse? 434: Sawhorses. Interviewer: Sawhorses? 434: That's right well now I've had chop blocks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: So you have a- a block of wood set up about that high and you take your stove wood and chop it on top of that chop block. Interviewer: Have you ever seen one shaped maybe in- in the shape of the letter A? That you might put on the ends to make a kind of a table out of or picnic or something like that? 434: Seems like I have seen things like that. Made tables out of- You mean the things it's made across? Interviewer: Yeah it's a- kinda shaped like that 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 you know? # 434: They got legs spread out Interviewer: #1 Right. # 434: #2 here # at the bottom. Interviewer: Right. 434: Now I've seen that. Interviewer: You never heard it called anything? 434: Well I heard 'em call it a picnic table. Interviewer: Have you ever heard- have you ever heard of a sawbuck before? Never heard of a sawbuck. Okay. Oh. You know when people get up in the morning they go into the bathroom and they have to straighten out their hair and they might use a comb to do it or they might use something else. What else might they use to fix up their hair? They might use a comb and what else? 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Got like- # 434: {D: Ain't use nothing if it's straightened.} Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} What'd you say? Aux: Called a brush. Interviewer: {D: You know same with-} 434: A brush? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 434: Ah I just- I just said that now. Interviewer: And you- you would you're using that thing to do what to your hair? 434: Straighten it out. Interviewer: Straighten it 434: #1 get # Interviewer: #2 or # 434: the kinks out. Interviewer: Get the kinks out? {NW} Or- or just you know you say well don't bother me now I'm- what? 434: Combing my hair. Interviewer: Or- 434: Yeah. Interviewer: If you're using the thing with bristles you'd say- Aux: Brush. Interviewer: How- 434: I'm brushing my hair. Interviewer: That's right. 434: Well you see now. Brush you and it makes a difference well if you brush mine it don't look no- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I just go in the bedroom come out with mine Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: There's not too much left huh? {X} 434: Ah Lord have mercy. Now when you get up this morning your hair tore all up {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That the truth. 434: Yo hair's all messed up. Interviewer: #1 I have to spend some time in there don't I? # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # If- If you went in the bedroom come out and your wife said that she wouldn't know you. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Go back! Go back. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Might think you have a strange man in the house. 434: {X} {NW} Ah lord have mercy. Interviewer: You know you said you're- that friend of your's that came in yesterday is a barber? You reckon he has uh- does he- would he shave- does he still shave people with straight razors? 434: Not him. Interviewer: Not anymore? 434: {NW} Interviewer: #1 That might be a mistake huh? # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 Yeah I wouldn't {D: arrest him}. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 I did {X} him in clippers. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # See he's nervous- Nah he's- he's- His heart's bad. See I knowed him when he was young and had plenty of life about him See um Old {X} been cutting hair a long time. Long time. And this- this little girl he uh- he married I've seen her daddy bringing them to Sunday school {D: ward}. That's the reason why I've seen him while ago. {X} Now these men was leading these chillun to Sunday school and they cuss get drunk. Well now the Church of Christ spoke about you can't do that. It's a holy place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well you see now we got everything in our We got anything now these mens got killed yesterday is member of churches. You just think about it now, old liquor stores run by church folks. Dance halls run by church folks. Deer taverns run by church f- folks. Old sinner can't have a party a church folk give 'em and invite sinner. Now these mens is running up and down the road the other night and no doubt I'm pretty sure the white woman died. {NS} She left the hospital working And them in the road drunk and run into her. Interviewer: Doesn't seem right, does it? 434: That's right. {NS} Interviewer: Well anyway what I was talking about uh what's his name? M- mr Bob? Your friend? Well back when he used to cut hair did you- what would you call that thing- that- that big long leather thing the he sharpen tha- 434: A razor strap. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now he shaved 'em and cut their hair too then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Used straight razors. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You don't see those in the barber shop 434: #1 Don't see- # Interviewer: #2 downtown anymore. # 434: Don't see them nah they- that's used to all you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: was a straight razor. Interviewer: Yeah we were talking- you were talking bout hunting yesterday. You say uh- you'd use shells in a shotgun. What would you put in a revolver or a rifle? 434: Cartridge. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking bout- General when the- when you were a- a young boy did you ever play on something that uh might be you know anchored right there in the middle and the ends would go up and down? And they- 434: Flying Jenny. Interviewer: Is that what you call it? 434: That's right- now if this were a see-saw you talking about. Interviewer: Oh yeah go ahead- 434: It's going up and down this way you know. Interviewer: And you'd say the kids are doing what 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 out- # out in the backyard. 434: They see-sawing. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh- 434: Well now this Flying Jenny I'm talking bout you cut a tree down Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: and split it and trim the stump and slip this over you. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: And one get on this end and one on the other then get it to going round and around, they call that a Flying Jenny ride, now that's the way children used to play. They don't do that now, they didn't have no buggies, no cars no- nothing {X} right then and they reared back and- Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Used swingers. They jump ropes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of anything else that a- that a little- a little kid might play on that's uh- that's uh fixed at both ends you know instead of the middle and you jump up and down on the middle? Have you ever seen anything like that? Never seen anything like that? Okay. Uh. Let's see And- you know something that everybody has you know that might be suspended from a limb and you have a plank right there at the end of the rope? 434: Swinger. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: That's right. Interviewer: I bet you had one in your yard, didn't you? 434: Yeah used to have out in- {X} They got these new swingers you know and they- they call thesself {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: They go way up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And I said now watching some little old kids in a swing and {X} some little other kids had never seen none of these what they- factory made you know it? They just went walking up to a bunch were they was scooping you know and just as you come up close enough they come back and caught 'em right under the {X} They tear that young {X} hit that fence and throw it in plastic bags. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh my goodness. # 434: #2 {NW} # I bet you you see- I bet you never walk up on that {X} Interviewer: #1 I bet. # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: General we were talking about uh a fireplace a while ago, what would you call a- a container that you keep coal in next to a fireplace? 434: What you keep what? Interviewer: A container that you keep coal in. 434: Coal? Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever seen one of those? 434: Ash bucket? Interviewer: Call it a- 434: Thing you put ashes in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You have a different name for- would you have a different name for the container that you go out to the coal pile to bring stuff- some into the house? 434: Oh you talking about a scooter. Used to tote coal in. Interviewer: {D: Right.} Just a- 434: I was thinking what you - I was thinking about taking out the ashes out the #1 fireplace # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 434: you know but- Interviewer: You call the thing that sits by the fireplace a scooter too? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You see there's these things that you talking about they use coal for wood, they didn't tote in wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But you have a bucket they call the ash bucket that take up ashes in and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: like that I- I have to take up ashes out of my fireplace. Interviewer: Was a- was a scooter round or how was it shaped? 434: It was kinda shaped with a stop to it like this you know where you could pull the stuff out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Just hold it up over the fire and shake it in like you wanted. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 It wasn't # round it had a made kinda- was a- stop to it on one side so you could turn- Aux: {X} And then a little bit {X} {D: holding} your bale and 434: #1 Catch the bale and catch in the side of it # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: and shake the stuff out. Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Aux: {X} Interviewer: What do you- uh {NS} 434: You would {X} Aux: {X} 434: #1 They use 'em in- # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: #1 Now we use 'em # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} I said what? I'm gonna get you a scooter I said I don't even know what a scooter- I can't use a scooter- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: Oh. Aux: {D: Would you've brought it?} {X} Interviewer: What do you call that- the thing that runs from the stove up to the chimney General? 434: Pipes. Interviewer: Just pipes? 434: Stovepipes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any difference between a flue and a stovepipe? 434: That's right, see the flue is on top of the house, that's them bricks. Interviewer: Oh. Uh-huh. What do you call uh something that you might use out in the yard for yard work that has uh a small wheel in the front and two long handles 434: #1 Uh- # Interviewer: #2 and # carry 434: #1 lawnmower. # Interviewer: #2 stuff. # A long l- 434: What you cut grass with. Interviewer: Well this- this isn't uh something that you cut grass but you might- you might put cement or a bag of something in it and just haul it you know? It's got a- 434: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. #1 You ever use those? # 434: #2 {NW} # I used to have 'em. Interviewer: What would you call something that you would uh use for sharpening a side? Something that you would sharpen- 434: Uh file? Interviewer: A file or it might be a little- it's a round something that you could- 434: A rock? Wet rock. Interviewer: Wet rock? Uh-huh. 434: #1 See # Interviewer: #2 What wou- # that's a grinding stone what you talking about what you sharpen axes and things with. Round. But something like this would kinda put a fine 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 edge on it? # 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {D: That's right.} Interviewer: Wha- what do you call- you know you said that you don't use uh wagons and buggies anymore people today use what to get around in? 434: Trucks Interviewer: #1 Trucks # 434: #2 and cars. # Interviewer: and cars yeah. Have you ever heard a car called anything else? 434: Never have. Interviewer: You know if- if- if you might have a- a hinge on your door squeaking there you might say you need to do what to get rid of the- 434: Grease it. Interviewer: Grease it? And if you greasing the thing and you got that stuff all a- over your hands you say you got your hands what? 434: Greasy. Interviewer: Yeah. That's a mess isn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: {NW} Oh. {NS} {NS} 434: Hands getting smutty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Greasy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: It made me re- it reminds me of a- {D: pipe} fella was telling about a- the preacher had a holy robe he- they rolled into church you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: {X} a light out and rolled. And said that there's a woman bragging on the preacher and another white lady said I'ma let you know what kind of preacher you got. And she taken herself and smutted it. Good and legs and put soot and just got 'em black. And she's good-looking and says soon as the light went out the preacher made it to her. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: He grabbed her legs and he feeled 'em and then he wiped his face. Interviewer: Oh no. 434: And there's a dark {X} you know and he's starts shouting and rolling and going on and he's sweating all and he just keep beating her and {D: rub all over his face} and see when the light come on {NS} folks thought a nigga had got in the meeting. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh whee. That there {X} 434: You {X} if I had been that preacher I'da sawed me a hole in the floor. Drop right down through it! Interviewer: {NW} That's about all he could do. 434: Had it been {X} the other night. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: Oh 434: #1 I wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: want to meet them folks next day. {NW} Ah lord have mercy. Interviewer: {D: I bet.} Uh- 434: Is your mother and father living? Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} 434: They is? Interviewer: Both still are. They are about um- they're not very old- they're just about uh not much older than fifty. Both of 'em. I'm twenty-six. 434: Let us bless 'em. Have mothers and fathers. Only have but one. Interviewer: You remember how old you were when your folks died? 434: I reckon I was in my late twenties when my daddy died and I reckon I was around thirties when my mother died. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did they live to be very old? 434: They wasn't so old. My daddy I think was about sixty years old. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well um- We were talking about- a minute ago about greasing things you know? Uh Is there anything else that you might use to uh- to keep a hinge from squeaking other than grease? You might have a can of what? That you could put on- 434: We'll have a- a can of oil. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {D: Pour} and keep it from squeaking. Interviewer: That'd be just about as good wouldn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You see those old wagon you was talking bout they used to have ol' grease they call wagon grease. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You have to take the wheel off and grease it when it got to squeaking. Interviewer: What would you- what would you call that stuff that you use to burn in lamps General? 434: Kerosene? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there another name for it? 434: A lot of peoples call it oil. Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 Kerosene oil. # Aux: #1 # 434: #2 # Aux: And some call it coal oil. 434: Huh? Aux: #1 Coal oil. # Interviewer: #2 Ever heard it called # coal oi- coal oil? Aux: Right. 434: Some folks call it coal oil but that's proper you know. The regular old name of it's kerosene. {NW} That's right. Interviewer: What uh- Have you ever- have you ever heard of a- a kind of a makeshift lamp or a kind of a temporary lamp you might make out of a bottle and a rag and some kerosene? 434: Flambeau Interviewer: You ever use those? 434: I have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Stick a rag down in there and light it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That work pretty 434: #1 {D: Pick a} # Interviewer: #2 good? # 434: light over there. Interviewer: It work all right? 434: It works alright. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Works alright. Interviewer: You know the- the tires that you have on cars today, do you know what you call the inside of that tire that you fill up with air? 434: That's it. Interviewer: Do you know what it's called? 434: No I sure don't. Aux: Inner tube. 434: You ever heard it called a- the inner tube? Oh what you run inside the tire that's right, the inner tube. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 434: I thought you was talking bout what a- the tire was made rough outside and got an inside lining in there you know, I just know it- that's- I reckon that's the way they tape it off {X} lay it smooth with this tube. Interviewer: Right. If uh- if somebody had just gotten through building a boat General they might wanna check it out they- you'd say well they gonna take it down to the- to uh the pond and they're gonna do what? What do you call it when they putting the boat in the water for the first time? You say they're gonna do what? 434: Try it out? Interviewer: Try it out or uh is there any special word that you'd use to- you know to- 434: Push it. Interviewer: Push it in or- Have you ever heard it called launch the boat? Never heard it called that? 434: I've never heard that. Interviewer: Okay. What kinda- what kinda boat would you use just to go fishing maybe in a small pond that you'd have to you know use oars on? What kind of boat would that be? 434: I don't know I can't tell much about them boats and things cuz I never been around 'em never have no dealing with 'em I used to cook for some boy scouts and I read one or two corresponds and I didn't wanna do that. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Don't like the water much huh? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Have you ever- well have you ever heard it called a rowboat? 434: A rowboat's what they call it. Interviewer: Yeah. Did uh- does a rowboat have a round bottom or a flat bottom or what? Just don't know? 434: I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well uh there's some boys told me they got on a rowboat in the river down here. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 434: #2 {X} and Troy # you ever hear boys call theyself? Interviewer: Now there was a- there was a canoe race on the Pea River not too 434: #1 Now there's # Interviewer: #2 long ago. # 434: one of them rivers down {D: in river} Pea River's a big river and connector down here ain't it? Interviewer: That's right. But that was a long race. It lasted several hours. Were a lot of people in it. It was on- it was on television like you were. {NS} What uh- you know if- if a woman wants to go downtown to buy a dress and in order to make sure that she gets the right kind of material she might carry a little uh square of cloth with her to match it, what do you call that little s-square of cloth? 434: Scrap. Interviewer: Just a scrap? Uh-huh. Would you ever call it a- a sample? 434: A sample- Interviewer: #1 Sample- # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: A sample for the clothes she wanted. Interviewer: Yeah. Just a- just a sample piece of cloth? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know if you- if you saw s- a little girl with uh- with a very becoming dress on you might say my that sure is a- what kinda dress? 434: Pretty? Interviewer: Yeah. Just a pretty dress. 434: {X} {NS} Interviewer: What would uh- what would you call that thing that {B} might wear over her dress in order to keep it from getting dirty in the kitchen? 434: Housecoat. Interviewer: Housecoat or maybe something that she could tie- 434: A row- a row- whatcha call a robe? Aux: Apron. 434: Apron? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And what do you- what do you call these things that uh- this thing right here that I write with? 434: Pencil. Interviewer: A pencil or if it has ink in it it'd be what? 434: Ink pen. Interviewer: Yeah. What about- what would you say that you- if you were going to put a diaper on a baby to hold that thing together you'd have to put what? 434: Safety pin. Interviewer: Yeah. What about uh- What would you drink in from a well? 434: Used to drink in a cup. A dipper. Interviewer: What was the cup usually made out of? 434: Tin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say uh- you know a dime is worth how many cents? What would a dime be worth, do you know? 434: Dime? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {NS} Well I don't know. Interviewer: A nick- a nickle's worth five cents and a dime would be worth what? Aux: Ten cents. 434: Ten cents. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. That's good. You know in we- in weather like this if you go outside in order to keep warm you need to wear what around you? Need to put on a big heavy what? 434: A coat. Interviewer: Yeah. I wish I'd brought one with me. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # When I go back out to the car I'm gonna need it. 434: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. If you saw- if you'll- if you saw a coat with a lotta fancy uh buttons you'd say that- that coat sure has a lotta fancy buttons- 434: That's right. well that's what we'd say- and a lotta people'd buy it on account of the buttons. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And the coat may not be {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: But you just bought it cuz it had the buttons on it. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen men get- dress up real fancy and they'd have a- they'd be wearing a coat and a shirt and sometimes over the shirt they wear something else that buttons up front, what do you call that? 434: Sweater? Interviewer: A sweater or is there any other word for it? You know some- sometimes these things don't have sleeves on 'em. 434: Slip- uh what they call them? Aux: A vest. Is that what you're talking about? Interviewer: You ever uh- you ever heard it called a vest? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Don't have no sleeves. {NS} Interviewer: That's right. {NS} That is right. What do you- well if you- if you have a suit then you have a- you have a- a coat, you might have a vest and what do you wear on your- what do you wear on your legs, what do you call that? You have to- you put on your what? 434: Yeah. Underwear? Interviewer: Well no. This would be what? You're wearin- 434: Oh. Garters? #1 What you talking b- # Interviewer: #2 No just- # just this. 434: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 Right- # 434: Pants. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Pants. Interviewer: Is there any special word that you'd use for the kind that you'd work in outside? Well you- {X} there's special use {X} 434: Brush. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: And what about- 434: Pulley bone. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: {X} {X} Interviewer: You know uh one of the- what do you- is there any special name for the larger bone on the pulley bone? The one that's bigger than the other one? No special name for that? 434: Oh and that pulley bone comes off the breast don't it? Aux: {B} Yeah. 434: Huh? Aux: Yeah. 434: Well that other part's connected to it cuz it'd be the breast. Take the breast piece of chicken. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But the pulley bone itself has you know- 434: It comes off this way. Interviewer: Yeah it has- it's #1 like two- # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: two pieces of #1 bones going together? # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 One's a little # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: bit longer than the other one? 434: {X} Interviewer: But you wouldn't- you wouldn't have any special name for the long 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 part of it? # Why- why do children like to get that and pull it apart? 434: I don't Interviewer: #1 Any # 434: #2 know. # Interviewer: special reason? 434: I don't know, far as I can remember folks used to get that pulley bone they call it. Interviewer: Is there any kind of story maybe or superstition involved with that? 434: I don't reckon there is. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that if you- if you pull- Aux: You make a wish or something like that- Interviewer: Uh-huh. Supposedly if you- if you make a wish and it- after you pull the thing apart if you get the long part your wish will come true. Have you hea- ever heard anything like that? 434: I've heard that. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: I used to pull it in two for {X} before I married her, trying to get her. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Thought I'd win a {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Ah. Well maybe there's something to it. What do you- General what do you call the- the inside parts of a hog that you can eat? 434: Chitlins? Aux: {X} 434: Ribs? Aux: Uh yeah. 434: Liver and light. Interviewer: What would you call all that together? 434: Well you'd call the liver and light, we'd make a hash. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And the chitlins'd having to be cleaned. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called uh the {X}? 434: That's what that liver and light is a {X} There folks call it hash you know but the proper way is {D: haslet}. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: They cook it together with onions and pepper Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: A heart and the liver. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You- you uh- you like to eat chitlins General? 434: #1 {D: Yes sir I-} # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: {NW} I've heard tho- I've uh- if I've heard right those things don't smell too good when they cook do they? Aux: {X} 434: What? Chitlins? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: I cook 'em they do. 434: See if you cook 'em with the lid off #1 the scent leaves 'em. # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: But if you cook 'em in a pot and keep 'em shut up the scent is- that smell it- cooking back in 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: It made me think about a man #1 cuz they went through {D: the chitlins supper} # Aux: #2 Took 'em a long time # to get 434: #1 They- # Aux: #2 'em # 434: carried his pocket full of corn. And said that folks had a {D: fake} chitlin supper and they had {X} and said everybody just praising the chitlins to the higher and just licking them up. A- nd this man had some corn in his pocket and you know they feed the hogs off the corn so he slipped the grain of corn in his mouth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say {all of a sudden he's stopping. Took that grain of corn out his mouth and laid it down by his plate and went to eat the chitlin. {NW} And said people began to look and {D; say otherwise} and caught another grain of corn and lay it down there and the folk went pushing {D: back to back} {X} #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Oh me. # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 Mm. # That man had his corn in his pocket made like he getting it out of them chitlins. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Ah. Well if it was uh- if it was a time of day when you heard your- your cows start mooing you know and your horses were neighing you'd say my- my goodness I did- I didn't realize it was so late it's- it's getting right on to- Aux: Feeding time. 434: It's feeding time. {D: Gotta feed them} cows. Interviewer: That ever sneak up on you before? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Feeding time before you know it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: What would you call- how would you call to cows General in order to get 'em to come up from the pasture? What would you call to 'em? 434: {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Heap of times you use feed 'em and you just walk out there and holler and they f- and they know you're hollering they'll come. See you don't have to call, just walk out and say hey! and that'll be- and they hears it and you hear a cow say Moo! somewhere. Interviewer: {NW} What would you- what would you call- what would you say to 'em to make 'em stand still while you're milking 'em? 434: {D: So} Interviewer: #1 S- say it- # 434: #2 {D: Running back} # Interviewer: Say it just like you'd say to 'em. 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would uh- uh let's see what would you- what would you say to 'em to- to make 'em move a leg back? 434: Back your foot {D: fan}! {NW} Interviewer: {NW} What about- what about calling a calf? How would you call a calf? 434: {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um- what would you call to the- to uh the mules to make 'em um go left when you're plowing? 434: Gee and haw. Interviewer: What means- what- what makes 'em- means go left? 434: #1 Haw- # Interviewer: #2 You wanna go left # 434: haw is to the left Interviewer: And the right- 434: Gee's to the right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh- where- where would you call the horses if you wanted to- to get 'em up from the pasture? How would you call to them? Aux: {X} {NS} 434: Well I'd whistle, I used to whistle. Interviewer: Just whistle the horses? 434: They'd hear you whistle and they come up a- now if you hear it {NS} and you been whistling, he comes to the house and you feed him when he hear that whistling he come in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: A lot of 'em {D: brought those} cows in. Interviewer: If you were gonna- if you were riding a horse, what would you say to him to get him started? 434: Come up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- if he was already moving and you wanted him to go- 434: {D: Whoa}. So that I get ready for him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Stand still! Interviewer: Uh-huh. If he- if he was already going along and you wanted him to go faster what would you say to him? Aux: {X} 434: I'd kick him in the sides. Interviewer: You wouldn't say anything? 434: #1 Just kick him? # Interviewer: #2 Just say # 434: {X} You know a lotta folks have a stud. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: When they want him to go faster they chase him with that stud, lotta people's have a switch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And when you want him to go faster you tap him with that switch and then you just start- Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: traveling fast. Interviewer: How would y- how would you call your hogs when it's feeding time? 434: Pig. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Just say pig? Aux: {X} 434: Yeah. Aux: {X} 434: Pig pig pig pig. Interviewer: If they were- if they were a long way off would you say the same thing? 434: Same thing only louder. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: My daddy said- 434: You heard folks hollering- used to hear folks hollering from miles. Pig! Pig! Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh. What about- how would- I don't- Have you ever called sheep before? Or heard anybody call sheep? 434: I never heard nobody mess with no sheep. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I've seen a lot of 'em but I didn't never see none of the man that's handle them fool around with 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I don't know how he done it there now he said- {X} He can't drive 'em they- he leads 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Ho- how would you call to your chickens when you feed them? 434: Chicken. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you uh had to get your horses ready uh to go somewhere you say you need to do what to get 'em ready? If you have- 434: Hitch 'em up. Interviewer: Hitch 'em up to the- 434: #1 Buggy or wagon. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh-huh. 434: I even put a saddle on it. Interviewer: Would you say the same thing- would you say hitch 'em up if you were gonna plow with 'em? 434: That's right. Hitch 'em to a plow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- when you're plowing what do you call the things that you guide the mules with? 434: Plowline. Interviewer: The plowlines? What about- 434: The bridle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if it's- if they're on a buggy? What do you call those things that you uh- guide with? 434: Buggy? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Buggy whip? Aux: {X} 434: Or the things that you guide them with if they're on a Interviewer: #1 buggy. # 434: #2 Oh. # Bridle? Bits? Interviewer: That's the part in the horse's mouth- 434: That's right and you put a line on the bridle and pull the- guide the horse the way you want 'em is- which in lines. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh if you're riding a horse what do you guide him with? 434: Bridle range. Interviewer: The range? Yeah. What a- what do you call those things that you put your feet in when you're riding a horse? 434: Saddle stirrup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh if you have two horses hitched up to the wagon what's the horse on the left called? Two horses hitched up to a wagon. Is there any special name for the horse on the left? 434: Not as I know of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard it called the lead horse? Never heard it called- 434: Now I've heard of lead horses and mules where they have four mules hooked together and they'd have two back into the- the wheel Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And two in the lead and they call them lead mules. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Okay if- if someplace- if you're going someplace and it's- and it's not right close by you say well it's not far it's just a- What? 434: Well I might say it's- It's right out there {D: Piece} or something like that. Interviewer: Just right- 434: About a mile or something from here. It ain't far. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you- if you've been traveling a long time and you hadn't finished yet you might say that you still had a- to go before dark- Been traveling a long time and you- and you still not finished, you might- you might say that well I've still got a- 434: Uh well I still got a place to go yet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. You know if- if- if uh you're looking for something and it's- it's a very common sort of thing- it's- it's not rare at all you don't have to look for it at any special place you'd say that you can find that just about- 434: Anywhere. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If somebody uh slipped on the ice outside and you fell this way you'd say that he fell- 434: On his face. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or he may uh- or he fell uh on his face or he fell- Aux: {D: Backwards} 434: On the side? Aux: {X} Interviewer: Well if he- if he fell you know straight down like this he'd be falling which way? Now if he fell this way he'd be falling how? 434: Uh backwards he fell Interviewer: #1 But this w- # 434: #2 forward. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Okay. If uh if you went out fishing General and somebody asked you if you caught any fish and you didn't have any- any- any luck at all you'd say no I didn't catch 434: Nothing. Interviewer: Nothing. Okay. What about uh- have you ever heard anybody say something else other than nothing? They might say I- I uh no I didn't catch I caught nothing or I caught- 434: Nothing. Interviewer: Just nothing? You ever heard anybody say they didn't catch {D: nary} one? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh you know if a- if a- if a little boy got in trouble at school and the teacher just got on to him he might say well why is she blaming me? I- What? If he didn't think he did- 434: I didn't do it? Interviewer: I didn't do anything? Okay. What about uh if somebody accidentally broke your rake that you had out in the front yard you might say well- well that's alright I didn't like it- Aux: {X} 434: Huh? Aux: You- 434: You didn't like it? Interviewer: Yeah if- if somebody broke your rake accidentally and you'd say well that's okay I didn't like it- Aux: {X} Interviewer: Would you s- ever say Aux: {X} Interviewer: Anyway or- 434: I didn't like it anyway. And you- I would say you shouldn't a done it. Interviewer: {NW} Oh. What if uh- have you ever seen a- a little child that might be crying and he'd say well my friend was eating candy and he didn't give me- 434: A piece. Interviewer: Didn't give me a piece or he didn't give me- he didn't give him one piece. 434: Didn't- didn't give me any. Interviewer: Didn't give him a thing right. Okay. If uh- Have you ever know any little children that were just really spoiled? Aux: {X} Interviewer: And you know they're- uh when- when- when he grows up you might say well that kid's gonna have his trouble if he- if you think he's probably gonna have his trouble when he grows up what would you say? Talking about this spoiled child. 434: Well that's- I'd figure his future life was ahead of him. And he {D:Unrighteousness, he's blast} to run into trouble. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Blast right into trouble? 434: That's if he- {D: if he wouldn't-} going in the right way he blast to run into trouble. Interviewer: That's the truth- 434: {D: Doesn't} mean nothing else but- Interviewer: What do you call- we were talking about plowing in the field, what do you call those trenches that are cut by the plow? In the ground? 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you- if you have a real good yield uh during the season you might say well we raised a big {NS} What? {NS} 434: Raised {X} what now? Interviewer: If you got a real good yield. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: You know you might say well we raised a big- of cotton or whatever a big- 434: You raised big corp of peanuts {D: of} cotton. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What about uh- What do you call a piece of land that's just been uh- that's just- well if you go- if you got rid of all the- the bushes you know and trees on a piece of land what would you say you did to it? 434: Cleaned it up. Interviewer: Cleaned it up? Uh-huh. And if uh if you cu- if you cut 'em down to make a road through the woods let's say to a logging camp, what would you say you did? 434: Say you cut you a road to- to the camp Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You made your own road. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there anything that you- what would you call that piece of land after you cleared it? Anything spe- 434: New ground. Interviewer: New ground? Uh-huh. What do you call uh- what do you call clover or grass or whatever when it comes up again right after you cut it? 434: Well that clover is a mighty fine {D: feed for cows} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call the second cutting of clover? 434: I don't know what you'd call the second- Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you know what you'd call the uh- the just old dried dead grass that's been left over on the ground? 434: {D: That's right}. Call it hay. Interviewer: Just call it hay? Have you ever heard it called uh aftermath or lattermath? 434: I never have. Interviewer: Never heard it called that? Okay. What uh- what kinds of grain do yo- do you have besides corn? {NS} Aux: {X} 434: Well there's no other kind. Grain and that corn but you have other seeds you know? Interviewer: Like what? 434: Cotton seeds. Okra seeds. Squash seeds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} 434: Turnip seeds, colored seeds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: He said grass, that ain't no grass. 434: You talking about grass seeds? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Oh. Well there's a grass they call crab grass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Then there's a grass they call uh nut grass. Interviewer: Well I'm- I'm really talking about- I guess you know just some kind of grain besides corn- 434: You talking about grain? Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Well {D: then} You ain't talking about grass you talking about grain well you see after you leave corn there ain't no other grain like- seeds like corn that winds up that now your beans seeds, don't tally with corn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: How bout your okra- 434: And your okra seed Aux: #1 Oats! # 434: #2 don't- # Huh? Aux: Oats. 434: Oats! Interviewer: What a horse eats? 434: Now you's- you uh- you sow oats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: That's a grain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you- you ever seen much wheat? 434: I seen wheat and oats. And rye. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you- what do you tie up wheat up into? After you cut it? 434: Well you see they- they beat the wheat out and make flour out of it and bale the hay and feed it to something that will grind it up into {D: something else} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: See they- they- these big root farms got a thing that'll thrash out that wheat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they make flour out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen a- a bungle of wheat? Something like that? 434: I seen big fields of it in Jersey cuz I didn't never see 'em killing none of that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know what they would call uh the bundles- they pile the bundles into something? You know what that's called? They take all these bundles of wheat and- and pile them into something? 434: In the barn. Aux: In stacks. Interviewer: Have you ever heard- have you ever heard a pile of these wheat bundles called a- uh called a shock? You ever heard of a shock of wheat? 434: Well I've heard of corn being shucked. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 434: And they might shuck wheat I don't know. Interviewer: About how much- how much corn to the acre would be considered a good yield? 434: Well a acre of corn- You mean how much it would produce? Interviewer: Uh-huh, what would be considered real good? 434: You know {D: put that} around seventy- a hundred acres I mean bushels of stuff would {D: pour} sweet grain I mean fertilize- right you know it'll make put it close to seventy-five, a hundred bushels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Uh If uh- if you and another man have to do some kind of job if you told him about it you'd say what d- you and- you and 434: The other fellow. Interviewer: Well let's say if you and somebody else had to do a certain job and you were telling him about it you'd say well you and- have to do this job 434: Yeah. Interviewer: You and who? 434: You and the man who Interviewer: #1 If you were- # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: If you were gonna have to do it too 434: Yeah. Interviewer: along with him you'd say you and- 434: And me. Interviewer: Right. 434: That's right. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 That's right. # Me and you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if uh- {NS} if uh- if we had to do a job together and you were telling me about it then you'd say well both of- 434: Of us. Interviewer: gonna have to do this 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 job. # Right. If uh- if some friends of yours and you were coming over to see me you'd say that uh who's coming over? And you were telling me about it. If you and some friends were coming over to see me you'd say that 434: Me and my friends'll be over to see you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Well if you- if you went up to somebody's house and you knocked on the door and they'd say who's there and uh they know- they recognized your voice and you'd say well it's just 434: Me! Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh you know if were sitting here expecting somebody and uh a man knocks on the door you'd say ah it's only- If it's a man you'd say it's only- What? {D: Not any-} 434: I would tell him- if- if he knocked on the door I would tell him to come in. Or if I open the door I'd tell him to come in. Interviewer: Okay and when you saw him you'd say oh it's just nobody in particular- just a man, you'd say oh it's- 434: Go away? Interviewer: No would you say- Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 that's jus- just say- it's him? # Or it's just him? #1 If it's- # 434: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: a woman you'd say what, it's- 434: Man and wife. Interviewer: Well just the woman by herself you'd say it's just- Aux: Her. 434: A pair? Interviewer: Just- just one- just one 434: #1 Just one? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. You'd just say it's Aux: It's {X} Interviewer: #1 It's {X} # Aux: #2 It's this. # Interviewer: It's her? 434: That's him uh the woman? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say it's her? 434: It's- no I'd say it's him Interviewer: What if it was a woman? 434: I'd say it's her. Interviewer: Right. Okay. If it was uh- if it was both of 'em together you'd say it's- 434: Man and wife. Interviewer: Okay- Aux: {X} 434: Got two together. Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Would you say it's- would you say it's them? 434: I'd say them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Now comparing how tall you are you might say well he's not as tall as- 434: As she. Interviewer: What if you're talking about yourself? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: He's not tall as 434: As me. Interviewer: That's right. {NS} And uh again if you're comparing how tall you were you might say well I'm not as tall as- 434: As he. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Well if you were talking about how well you can do something you might say well he can do it better than- 434: Me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know if somebody's been running for about two miles and then he had to stop you say well two miles is his- 434: Limit. Interviewer: It's his limit. About as far as he could go- 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Now if somebody- if something belongs to me you'd say that it's- you'd say that it's- 434: {D: It's} It's your's. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if it- if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's- 434: It's your- both of you. Interviewer: #1 No both of us- it would b- # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: If it belonged to 434: Both of y'all? Interviewer: Us together 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: I wouldn't know how to fix that. Interviewer: Would you say uh Aux: {X} Interviewer: would you say it's ours? 434: It's ours. Interviewer: Yeah if it belonged- 434: Now that'd be the thing I'd say it's ours Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if it- if it belonged to a group of people over there. If it belonged to them you'd say it's- 434: It belonged to them over there. Interviewer: Okay. If it uh if it belonged to him you'd say well that's not mine it's 434: It's his. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If it belonged to a woman, that's not mine it's- 434: It's hers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If uh- if somebody's come to visit you and they're just about to leave you might say well come back again 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were talking to- if you were talking to just one person you'd say well if I was about to leave and you wanted me to come back again sometimes what would you say to me? 434: Come back. Interviewer: Okay if you were talking to several people and you wanted them to come back again what would you say to them? 434: I'd say you all come back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. Now let's see if- if somebody's car was out on the road and it belonged to several people you know you might say to them well you better not leave it there because somebody's going to run into 434: Run into my car. Interviewer: Alright if it belonged to a group of several people what would you #1 say? # 434: #2 Yeah. # I'd say it belonged to well a certain group of peoples- Interviewer: Well- 434: The car was {D: drawn to}? Interviewer: Say there are three people sitting out there and the car belongs to them and you might tell them well you- uh get that car off the road because somebody's gonna run into- 434: To your car. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard anybody- you know I heard you say you all minute ago, have you ever heard anybody say uh you all's or y'all's? Would you ever use that word? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Would you say y'all's 434: Y'all- Interviewer: Would you say you better uh somebody's gonna run into y'all's 434: #1 Y'all's # Interviewer: #2 car? # 434: car is uh- well if two or three of them are sitting there was on the car I wouldn't know which one it was I'd just say y'all's car. Interviewer: That's right. Yeah. Uh If you were- If there'd done a party going on somewhere and you were asking about the people at the party you might say well if you wanted to know who's been there what would you say? If you want to know about all of 'em? How would you ask me that? 434: Now that's who all is at the party. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Speaking about all of 'em together? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you were asking about uh what somebody said and you wanted to know everything that he said, what would you say? What would you ask? 434: What did he say about so and so something like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say what all did he said? 434: Yeah heap of times. Say what all did he said. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well if you could remember all that he said you- you might tell him what you if you couldn't you couldn't, could you? Interviewer: That's right. {NW} Oh If uh if no- if nobody else will look out after them you have to say that they have to look out for 434: Theyself. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- if nobody else will do it for him you'd say that he ha- he'd better do it- 434: He have to do it hisself. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 {D: For himself} # Interviewer: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: Uh. You know anything much about bread General? What's kinds a- what kinds of uh bread do you- do you know about? Different kinds of bread. 434: Cornbread. Biscuit. Light bread. Interviewer: What do you call uh- are there- do you know of any different types of cornbread? {NS} 434: I know of some kind they call- Aux: {X} 434: {X} Corn meal. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of something like uh {NS} the kind that doesn't have anything in it except corn meal, salt, and water? Do you know what that is? 434: Sure don't. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 Trying to # Aux: #1 You don't. # 434: #2 think. # Interviewer: Corn meal- 434: What? Corn meal- Interviewer: Just has corn meal, salt, and water in it. 434: That's what's called plain corn bread. Interviewer: Just plain corn bread? 434: Yes you see you don't have {X} it up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever- do you remember any kind of corn be- bread that uh people talked about making in front of the fire on a board? Or something like that? 434: I've heard of ash cakes in the fireplace wrapped up in ashes now I never heard of no cooking on a board. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of these things that are- that are kind of small and- and round-shaped and they have a little onion and green pepper in 'em and you might eat 'em with fish? Aux: Hush puppies. Interviewer: You ever had any hush puppies? 434: I've had that plenty of times. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 Hush puppies. # Aux: Yeah they bring {X} 434: Say you put pepper in 'em? Aux: Uh-huh. What about- have you ever heard of something that you might uh boil in- in cheese cloth along with beans or greens or uh something with chicken made out of cornmeal? You ever heard of that? Don't know what that is? Uh-huh. What about uh- have you ever heard of the type of cornmeal that you cook in a real deep pan {NS} and it comes out real soft and you dish it out like you might dish out potatoes? Have you ever heard of that? 434: I've seen it. Interviewer: You've seen it? But you don't know what it is? 434: I- I- they call it- egg bread don't they {X} Aux: You can cook egg bread or- 434: And it runs over. Aux: You can cook- 434: And the- #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: something other end of the {X} something in it will shrivel up and run over the pan. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do your- have you ever heard of corn dodger? 434: Corn dodgers? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I've heard them put in a {D: ton} of greens. Interviewer: It's just something to cook along with your greens? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know there're generally two kinds of bread there's a- the type of- there's homemade bread and then there's the kind of bread that you buy at the store, what's that called? What would you call that? Not homemade bread, there's nothing like {D: there for me} homemade bread and- and what else? 434: Well this light bread come out the store, don't it? Aux: At the store. Interviewer: Well would you just call it- would you ever call it uh bought bread? 434: That's right, that's what it oughta be called. Bought bread. Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 They bought all of it # Huh? Aux: Loaf. Interviewer: Just a loaf of bread or something like that? What do you call uh something that's- that- that's fried in deep fat and it has a hole right in the center of it? Aux: Donuts. 434: Donut. Aux: Uh-huh. {D: I could eat them things} {NW} Interviewer: Is there any other name for a donut you've ever heard of? What about if you- if you had a- if you just uh took a lump of this donut dough and you- you put it without making a hole in it is there any special name for that? 434: I think they'd call that a biscuit. Interviewer: Just a biscuit? 434: It's a biscuit with no hole in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now I {X} I thought they cut that hole in there, don't they? That's right. Usually do. What do you call something that you- you know you make up a lot of batter and then you- you might th- fry three or four of these at a time you know you pour 'em out into the frying pan, what would you call those? You might eat 'em with syrup and butter. 434: Pancake. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of pancakes called anything else? 434: That's right nothing else but pancake, lotta folk call 'em batter cakes. Interviewer: Batter cakes? Uh-huh. Would- would pancakes always made- be made out of wheat flour? 434: Out of good flour and eggs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would it ever be made uh- uh would part of it ever be made out of cornmeal? Would it still be a pancake? Aux: Yes. 434: I think they make it out of sweet-meal, don't they? Aux: You said you put your meal in {X} and then you make wa- waffles? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I don't want no meals in my pancakes. Interviewer: {NW} You just want it with flour huh? 434: That's right. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Talking about flour, about how much flour comes in a big sack? 434: Sometime they get forty-eight pound, twenty-five pound Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking- 434: Them bigguns is forty-eight pounds. Interviewer: What do you call that stuff that you use to make bread rise? 434: {X} Interviewer: What do you call the stuff that you use to make bread rise? 434: Soda. Interviewer: #1 Soda? # Aux: #2 Baking # powder. Interviewer: Okay. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Alright. You know it might come in a little package and it's kinda dry? #1 Something like that? # Aux: #2 Yeast. # Interviewer: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: Did you ever call it yeast? 434: Yeah {X} They use that for light breads {X} use it in biscuits and Aux: {D: I don't think}- 434: #1 She use it in rolls. # Aux: #2 {X} # Rolls {X} Interviewer: What- what do you call the inside part of an egg? 434: Egg. Interviewer: Yeah the inside part. 434: {NW} Let's see. Interviewer: you know there are the two parts of an egg, one part's the- one part's the white the other parts the what? Aux: {X} Interviewer: I think he's- What the in- what you call the inside part of an egg you know the one parts the- 434: Yellow? Interviewer: Yeah. Right. Okay. If you- if you talking about eggs- if you cooked 'em in hot water what would you call 'em? 434: Boiled. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if- if you cracked 'em open and let 'em fall into the- 434: Poached Interviewer: hot water- 434: egg. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call the type of- of meat that you might boil with greens? 434: Fat back. Interviewer: Fatback? What if it- what if it didn't have any lean on it? Would you still call it fatback? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if it had a whole lotta lean on it? 434: You'd still call it fat Interviewer: #1 you ever # 434: #2 back # Interviewer: call it fatback? Okay. When you- when you cut off- when you cut the side of a hog what do you call it? What's that you're cutting off the side? 434: Middling? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Hams? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Shoulders off of this sides. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or that- that stuff- the thin sliced meat that you might eat at breakfast? 434: #1 That's- # Interviewer: #2 What's that? # 434: Call that your bacon, that's middling. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever- would you ever call uh that somebody had smoked meat? 434: That's right. Interviewer: If you eat with breakfast? 434: See you cure it hang it up and smoke it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And you go in smokehouse and cut you down a piece for breakfast. It's good eating too. Interviewer: You know you- you see some bacon that- that uh what is it that you have to cut off on the edge of the bacon before you- 434: Skin. Interviewer: Just the skin? Do some people try to eat that? 434: You can eat it if you fry it right Interviewer: Is that right? 434: That's right. Aux: {X} Interviewer: What do you call- what do you call the stuff that you- you grind up and- and you season and then you stuff it into a a casing something 434: #1 Sausage? # Interviewer: #2 like that? # Uh-huh. What- what would you call the man who sells meat? 434: Meat man. Interviewer: Just a meat man? Would you ever call him a butcher? Aux: Butcher. 434: Well I call the man that killed the hog the butcher Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: The one that do the cutting up and killing is the butcher. But the man that bootlegs out, he's the meat man. Interviewer: {NW} Ah. If- if you kept meat too long you might say what happened to it? You kept it too long and you can't eat it anymore? 434: Well it had- Aux: Rank. 434: get so rank 'til you couldn't eat it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Then you had to throw it away Interviewer: You just got a whole lotta- 434: That's right. Aux: Waste. Interviewer: #1 You ever call it # 434: #2 Waste. # Interviewer: spoiled meat? 434: That's right, it didn't spoiled it just got {X} dry and- and strong you couldn't eat it, it'll get to where it gets so strong that- it- it makes- after it get like that you boil turnips and collards with it and it's- it puts the flavor to that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What i- what do you call the stuff that you make by cooking and grinding up hog liver? 434: Hog livers? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever cooked 'em? You know, grind 'em up and cook it? Aux: {D: Liverwurst}. 434: What's it called that, we made some of it. Interviewer: Did you ever call it uh liver sausage? 434: They might have called it liver sausage they season it kinda like they do sausage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever make anything out of hog blood? Aux: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 Somebody's- # somebody's tried to do something with the- I ain't. {NS} {D: Never fooled with the blood). Interviewer: You ever heard of uh blood sausage or blood pudding? 434: I never #1 did. # Interviewer: #2 Stuff like that? # Aux: {X} Hey you kids want some hog? {X} 434: Yes. Aux: {X} Those have blood in 'em. A blood pudding, I said I don't wanna see that. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 434: See you can't- you can't say the blood out of a hog was nothing {D: best years} at a slaughter pen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you- you kn- you know yesterday we were talking bout head cheese? Did you ever take the- the juice from the head cheese and stir it up with cornmeal or maybe some hog meat and cook it? And then after it gets cold, slice it up and fry it? 434: Well that's what we call a Aux: {X} 434: sauce. Aux: {X} Interviewer: That would just be the sauce? 434: You see you- you take that and slice it and fry it and eat it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: With cornbread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of scrapple? 434: Sausage? Interviewer: Just scrapple. 434: Scrap meats? Interviewer: Scrapple. 434: Sc- I never Interviewer: #1 Never heard of that? # 434: #2 heard of that. # Interviewer: Or cripple? Scrapple or cripple? Never heard of that? Okay. If you- if you kept your butter too long and it didn't taste good, how would you say it tasted? 434: I'd say it tasted bad and rank. Interviewer: Rank? Would you ever say it might be rancid? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Just rancid? Uh-huh. What do y- what do you call thick sour milk that you keep around that you can use? 434: Buttermilk. Sourmilk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard it called clabber? 434: I've seed it. Clabber that's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you know what you can make out of the clabber? 434: Nothing but biscuits. Interviewer: Biscuits? 434: Drank it. Make bread out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know some people- you put this on salads. It's kinda white looking stuff- 434: That's right. Interviewer: What do you call that? The stuff that uh you might put it on a green salad or fruit salad or something like that? Aux: Mayonnaise? Interviewer: It's- it's not mayonnaise, it's kind of a it's uh- Aux: Cream? Sour cream? Interviewer: Not exactly it's- it's more of a- of a solid substance {D: in there} you know uh- you ever had any cottage cheese? Aux: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Sure have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: I have- you going to sleep again? 434: No I ain't. Interviewer: {NW} Uh General after you got through milking the cows what was the first thing that you had to do with the milk to get all the dirt and impurities out of it? 434: {X} Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 After- # Once the milk was in the pail what did you have to do- 434: Strain it. Interviewer: Yeah. And that'd get rid of all the dirt. 434: That's right. Interviewer: And impurities? Have you ever had anything after you've finished a main meal a kind of a dessert you know? It's uh- it's not exactly like a pie but it's uh it's baked in a deep dish you know and it has uh- migh- maybe made of apples with a crust on top. What would you call that? 434: Apple pie. Interviewer: Apple pie or- If it's not exactly a pie- maybe it might be thicker than a pie you know? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Or uh except you know it might have uh several layers of fruit. Would you call that anything except a pie? Maybe a- made out of peaches or apple and it's not exactly a pie? 434: Well I {X} and I always did call that- Aux: {X} 434: Dessert. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: After you eat your meal that is special afterwards you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Have- would you ever call it uh apple cobbler? Aux: {X} Interviewer: #1 Never- # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: I didn't- {X} Interviewer: Not apple cobbler? Okay. Aux: That's what it was. Interviewer: Well if somebody has a real good appetite- really likes to eat you might say {NW} Look at him he sure likes to put away the- 434: Food. Interviewer: Put away the food? 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Have you # ever heard anybody say He sure likes to put away his {D: vitals}? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I think we had that in common. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Talking about uh some things to eat you might be eating a pudding or something like that and some people have this sweet sauce that uh they like to pour over the pudding. Uh would you just call that a sauce? Or would you call it anything else? 434: Well that's all I'd call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call anything that you'd eat between meals? Say you're just gonna have yourself a what? 434: Lunch. Aux: Snacks. Snacks. Interviewer: Something- 434: Snack. Interviewer: Just a snack? 434: It's a snack between meals. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What- what time do you have your breakfast usually? 434: What do I have for breakfast? Interviewer: What- what time do you have it? 434: What time? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Around seven-thirty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you might say yesterday at that time I had already done what? 434: #1 Eat. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. If you're through with your breakfast #1 and you might # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: say last week I- Last week I 434: Had my meals at seven thirty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If you- if you don't wait- if your- if your hot and you just got in from doing some work you might be real thirsty what would you drink probably? 434: Drank water. Interviewer: Right might have a glass of- 434: That's right. Cold water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would- what would you uh What- what was the thing that you drank it out of at the table? You'd usually drink it out of- 434: A glass. Interviewer: A glass? Uh-huh. Do you have uh- is there any particular name for a glass that might be taller than an ordinary glass? Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 {X} # Now there's glass they call gob- goblet or what they call them? Aux: {X} 434: It ain't- it- some of them might- there's water at the top but some of them ain't much taller. Aux: Uh-huh. {X} Interviewer: If- say if I if somebody asks you how much you drink you might say well I- a lot of it. I do- 434: I don't know I drink about a quart. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then we- if I- after I ask you you might turn around and ask me well how much do- 434: How much do you drink? Interviewer: Yeah. I drink a lot too when I get hot. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: What would you say to somebody who's sitting around- who's standing around the table and the dinner's ready and it's on the table but what would you say to him? Well go ahead and- 434: Help yourself. Interviewer: Well before they help theirselves they- they- if they're standing up you tell 'em to do what? 434: Have a seat. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say the same thing to a- a stranger as you would to a- a close friend? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Still tell 'em to say- 434: That's right. Interviewer: You'd still have a seat? Uh-huh. Okay. So after they sat down if no one else was sta- was standing you would say that they had all- 434: Sit down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh there's some potatoes on the table and you don't want somebody to wait until the potatoes are passed to 'em you might say well go ahead and do what? 434: Go ahead and reach? One. Get you one. Interviewer: Or maybe go ahead and help yourself? 434: Help yourself. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So- So if you did you'd say he went ahead and 434: Help theirself. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And since he had already- I asked him to pass 'em over to me. I asked him to pass 'em to me after he had already- 434: {D: Had one of 'em} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Well if you sitting down to eat and you decide that you don't want to eat something if somebody passes it to you you'll say I don't- 434: {D: No thank you} Interviewer: No thank you? 434: I don't want 'em. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 I don't eat- # I don't like that or something like that. Thank you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or I don't care for any of that? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What do you call- if uh- if some food has been cooked and served a second time what do you call that? You say it's been what? 434: I don't know. Leftover. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you- would you say if- if you had something more than you could eat on Sunday maybe on Monday you'd eat it and you would say that you're having what? Aux: Leftovers. Leftovers. Interviewer: If you- if you had a meal on Sunday you know 434: Yeah. Interviewer: And you couldn't eat all of it on Sunday you might have it on Monday- and you say that your- on Monday you're having- 434: Leftover. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Pretty much the same thing? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. After you put your food in your mouth you begin to do what? 434: Chew. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Sometimes some meats so tough it's about all #1 you can do to it, isn't that right? # 434: #2 {NW} # I spit it out. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Sometimes it's uh- you might say that uh- have you ever had your throat real sore and it was so sore that it took everything you could do to- 434: Well I have never had it that bad. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: #1 I've had something- # Interviewer: #2 You could- you could barely do # what? You could barely do what it was so swollen? Aux: Swallow. Or- 434: Swallow. I couldn't swallow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well ah you take your time about swallowing then. Interviewer: {NW} That's right, you might get so choked up- 434: That's right. Interviewer: General have you ever taken some corn meal and boiled it maybe with some salt and water and eaten it that way? We- what would you call something like that? Have you ever seen anybody eat anything- 434: I ain't never seen it but I hear them call it {D: kush}. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: #1 Well if # Interviewer: #2 I wonder what it t- # 434: you boil meal and salt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I wonder what it would taste like, it doesn't sound too good- 434: I ain't never tasted- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: You know folks- they hear peoples eating different ways people- something that me and you couldn't stand some folks loves. Interviewer: That's the truth. 434: Good {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. My- uh my brothers real peculiar about what he'll eat, he just won't eat some things. {D: Ah he'd tell you} one of 'em uh I think it's Phillip just won't eat squash. And I just love the stuff. But he won't touch it. 434: {D: He won't?} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just doesn't love it. Don't know why. Tal- talking about squash and you know carrots and peas and- and beets and that sort of thing what would you call all that? Those are all what? 434: Food? Interviewer: They're food but it's not like meat, they're all- 434: Different- {X} Squash you said? Interviewer: Yeah squash or beans- 434: Vegetables- Interviewer: Yeah they're all vegetables. 434: That's right. Interviewer: If you raised them- if you raised 'em at home what would you call 'em? Instead of buying them at the store you- you'd say I'm having- Aux: {X} Interviewer: You know these are the ones that you've raised outside, out back somewhere, you didn't buy 'em from the store. Would you call 'em anything different? 434: I would. Fresh vegetables. Interviewer: #1 Just fresh vegetable? # 434: #2 Vegetables. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever call it homegrown vegetables? 434: Well that's- that's what it ought to be homegrown Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: stuff. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: See you grow that at your place you don't know where this come from. Interviewer: That's right. What would you call a- a small place near your house where you grow your vegetables? You say you're gonna go out 434: #1 Garden. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Work in the garden. Uh-huh. What's the- the kind of food that you usually have uh you might have with your breakfast, you might have it with sausage and eggs and it's uh- it's made out of whole grains of corn. after the outside cover's been removed. 434: Whole grains of corn? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: You know these. 434: What? Aux: Huh? {X} 434: No he {X} Interviewer: What are you talking about? 434: {X} Interviewer: Okay- well that- I wanted to ask you about that too. Have you ever eaten any of that? 434: #1 Sure # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: You? Interviewer: Oh yeah. {NW} Aux: {X} Interviewer: #1 Yeah I like- # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: {D: He's doing it to me.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Well I see it. {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now some people when they eat meat they might have uh mashed potatoes or something with the meat and some people might have something else. What- what might you have other than mashed potatoes with meat? To go with it? 434: Bread is what I prefer. Interviewer: Might have bread. 434: That's right. Interviewer: This is uh- what other kind of- of starchy food might you have? Uh this- this is grown in Louisiana a lot. You know what I'm talking about? White stuff that you might put gravy over? Aux: Rice. {X} 434: What? Aux: Rice. 434: Rice and grits? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What uh- we were talking about this yesterday you know you were talking about those two fellows who were in that wreck. And you said they were both probably drunk. What- what kind of alcohol do you suppose they were drinking? You think it was- alcohol bought at the store or something else? 434: I think this was something they made. Interviewer: What would you call that? 434: Rum. Interviewer: Rum? {NS} Uh-huh. {NS} Is that what you would uh- usually call that kind of cheap whiskey? 434: That's right. Interviewer: The homemade stuff? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Call it rum. Uh-huh. If it's- have you ever heard of this kind of homemade whiskey that hasn't been distilled? So it wouldn't be so high-powered? Have you ever heard anything like that? Uh-uh. Have you ever- have you ever heard the- the- the word splo? What does that mean? 434: Well explode it's- it's like a lamp or something would explode. With fire. Interviewer: Well I- I don't know I think this means some kind of uh whiskey or alcohol, it's just called splo. You ever heard of that? 434: I ain't never heard of that. Interviewer: Never heard of that? Okay. 434: {X} Interviewer: If- if {B} was in the kitchen and she's cooking something and it- and it makes a good impression on your nose you might say {NW} just- that sure does- 434: Smell good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking about eating breakfast uh what do you call that stuff that you make out of cane- you know you crush 434: #1 Sugar? # Interviewer: #2 the cane? # Uh-huh. Is there any other type uh might not necessarily be syrup, might be thicker than syrup? {NS} What would you call that? 434: Syrup cakes? Interviewer: Uh. Ah well it looks likes syrup except it just might be thicker and richer. 434: Oh. Look like syrup? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Jelly. 434: That's jelly, you cut it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Would you- would- would you use- ever say uh that molasses and syrup are the same thing? 434: That's right. Well that's what peoples call it molasses and some call it syrup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. If that- if the molasses was- was really thick you might say that- that molasses 434: Is too thick. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If- talking about the syrup again what kind of syrup do you like? Do you like uh maple syrup or cane syrup- 434: I like cane syrup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if that- if that syrup wasn't- wasn't imitation syrup it's you- you'd call it what? It's not imitation it's- 434: It's {X} It's real syrup. Interviewer: Real syrup or you might say it's uh Aux: {D: pew} syrup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Alright would say it's a gen- Would you say it's genuine syrup? 434: That's right, I reckon that's what it would be {D: right} for it to be genuine syrup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. If- if sugar isn't packaged but it's just weighed straight out of the barrel you'd say that that- how would you say that sugar's being sold? It's not being sold packaged but it's sold how? 434: Pound. Interviewer: By the pound or- 434: By the pound. Interviewer: Alright would you ever say it's being sold in- in bulk? Bulk sugar? 434: Ah that's right it'd be bulk sugar. Interviewer: Or just- 434: In- in uh- in pound packages. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Alright. Would you ever say it's just being sold loose? If it's just straight out of the barrel? 434: That's right. Well you see they used to weigh it out of the barrel but- Interviewer: Uh-huh. But it's all packaged now- 434: That's right now they pack- {D: they got it} in packages now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you have on your kitchen table that you use to season your food with? 434: Salt. Interviewer: Anything else? 434: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If there's a bowl of fruit on the table and after you got finished with your meal somebody might hand you the bowl and it might have a- apples and peaches in it and they might say well why don't you have a peach? And you say well no thank you but uh why don't you give me- 434: Orange? Interviewer: Well if- if you just had- if you just had peaches and apples in it, you don't want a peach well you say well give me- 434: An apple. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You like apples General? 434: I like 'em. Scrape 'em with a spoon. Interviewer: Is that right? If uh- if somebody said to you well it- it wasn't these boys right here it must've been one of- 434: The others over there. Interviewer: Okay. If uh if you was trying to- if you were trying to tell somebody where somebody lived you'd say well he doesn't live here, he lives 434: Over yonder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you were trying to tell somebody how to do something you might say well don't do it this way- don't do it that way do it- 434: This way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh if somebody was talking to you and you didn't hear what he said what would you say to him? 434: What you said? Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh if a man has a lotta money he doesn't have to worry about too much but you might that life's hard on a man- 434: Hard on a man when he's Interviewer: Life- life's pretty easy for a man who has a lot of money but it's not easy for a man 434: Well it- it don't have the money? Interviewer: That's right. 434: Heap of times it's- it's easier on the man that don't have the money {X} Interviewer: How would that be? 434: A man said a man the man who had plenty of money he say he can't sleep at night {X} Scared somebody gonna rob the bank, get his money. Interviewer: That's a good point. 434: {NW} Interviewer: What do you- what would call the place where uh a lotta fruit trees grow? 434: Orchard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if uh you might ask somebody, if you're looking at an orchard you might ask the man if- if he's the one who owns the orchard he say- he might say no I'm just a neighbor. He's the man- 434: That owns the orchard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now somebody might tell you well when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 434: He was rich. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Think- think you'd ever be as happy rich as you are now General? 434: {NW} Would not be in hap- if I was rich? Interviewer: Do you think you would? 434: I don't know whether I would or not. Interviewer: I thought about that myself a lot. 434: Yeah you see richness don't hurt nobody now, it ain't no harm to be rich. But it's harm- where the harm come at you let your money get between you and god. Interviewer: Yeah y- that's a good point. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: We were talking about uh fruit a minute ago General, what kind of fruit uh do you have around here? 434: Plums. Blackberries. {NS} Interviewer: Anything else that uh- 434: {X} they have {NS} Aux: Pea- 434: Grapes. Aux: Pears. 434: Huh? Aux: Peaches and pears. And apples. 434: Yeah. And grapes. Apricots. Aux: {X} 434: Pears. Aux: Uh-huh. {NS} {X} English walnut trees. Interviewer: {D: The what?} Aux: The English walnut tree. Interviewer: Hmm. Aux: {D: They pick 'em all night you know?} {X} Oh please General {X} 434: No I ain't- Interviewer: No he's not. He's not asleep. 434: {X} please General. {X} You know what I say? Yeah you talking about that English walnut tree. Aux: Yeah. 434: Never did none come on it did it? Aux: Yes it did. {X} Interviewer: I don't think I know what that is, what do they look like? Aux: {D: You know they sell 'em} for Christmas you get them round things? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Bust 'em? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} 434: You seen them others, them black one they call 'em nigger {X} Aux: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 Oh! # Aux: {D: zerim} nuts {D: you know} Interviewer: Oh oh. A kind of nut. I think I know what you're talking about. 434: You know what we're talking about now don't you? Interviewer: I think so. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: I think #1 so- # 434: #2 She's- # gonna have about that long to- {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's a k- 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 kind of nut? # Aux: {X} 434: Folks used to call 'em nigger {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh me. General if- you might be eating a cherry pie and you might accidentally bite down on something that might break a tooth in a cherry pie, what might that be? 434: Seed. Interviewer: The seed of the cherry? 434: That's right. Interviewer: That ever happen to you before? 434: I ain't never- I ain't never- I don't hardly ever eat no cherry pie. Interviewer: Well you probably eat more peaches, what do you call that hard thing in- on the inside of a peach? 434: Peach seed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- you know there- I think there are two different kinds of peaches, there's the peach that you have to cut the seed out of. You know the meat's real 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 tight against it. # 434: #1 Clare- # Interviewer: #2 What do you- # 434: seeds and the prince. Interviewer: The other type you can just- 434: That's right. See there's one kind you can just open it and the seed just fall- just take the seed out and the other kind you have to cut it out. Interviewer: Wha- what's the name of the kind that you can get out real easy? 434: Clearseed. Interviewer: Uh-huh and the other one's are called 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 what? # 434: Prince. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Prince. Well- Interviewer: After you've eaten an apple what's left? 434: The core. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of anybody cutting up apples or peaches and then- and then drying 'em? What do you call that? 434: Applesauce. Aux: Uh-uh. Interviewer: No I mean- I mean you know just taking the apple and cutting it up into slices and letting those slices dry. You might do the same thing for a peach. 434: Oh. Interviewer: You know what that's- 434: Dried apples and dried peaches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard the word- the- the word snits? 434: #1 Never heard it # Interviewer: #2 Never heard that? # 434: that way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What do you call- we were- talk- you were talking about nuts a minute ago. This is a real familiar kind, the kind that you pull up out of the ground and dry and roast. What are those called? 434: What is this? Interviewer: A kind of nut. 434: Peanut. Interviewer: Yeah. Peanuts. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: What about uh- what other nut- kind of nuts do you have around here? 434: Around here it's Spanish and Spanish peanuts and {D: running} peanuts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about other kinds of nuts other than peanuts? 434: Now I know- known a hickory nut. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the ones that tree out there? 434: That's pecan. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of uh any other kind that might be kinda long and uh- and uh flat-shaped? Aux: Chest- 434: Hickory nut? Aux: Chestnut. 434: Chestnut? Nu- nu- you know that chestnuts ain't long. Aux: Yes they are, they ain't too long but they long. You know peanut {D: almond nut} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {D: little shells} {X} Interviewer: What about one that's- that's kinda round with a real hard covering? Aux: Walnut. Interviewer: Not a peanut but what? 434: #1 Let's see what would that be? # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: Grow outside the ground? Interviewer: Uh-huh on a tree. It grows on a tree like a pecan. 434: Hickory nut. Interviewer: Okay. What about walnut? 434: Walnuts. Aux: {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 {X} # That's good {X} Interviewer: What do you call that hard covering around a walnut? 434: I- they call it a shell. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh when a- when a walnut falls off the tree you know it has a kind of soft covering around it 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 and you can wait # 'til it dries and it breaks off. What do you call that? Would you call that the shell? 434: That's the shell. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: It- it- you have take that shell off to crack the walnut. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there a different part of the- of the nut that's any different from the shell? That's the covering? Would you ever say it has a hull on it? 434: Well I- I wouldn't {D: notice} Aux: Yes you do have a {D: hull} you gotta pick that meat out- 434: Well you call it a hull before it dries. Aux: How about after you- after it dry and you bust that hickory nut. You got to go round in there and get you- the {D: goody} what is that? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: if there ain't- 434: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: the same thing as a peanut you got to crack the peanut to get {X} Aux: But you gotta do that one time with a peanut. But you got to get the hull off of the hickory nuts. And then {X} and bust that hickory nut and go down there and get your {D: goodies}. 434: Well you see them old hickory nuts don't have the hull on them. They shell out and drop right on the ground, and you up that tree, they be laying around on the #1 ground? # Aux: #2 I know # they be dried {X} some of 'em fall off and some of 'em fall off of the hulls. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Oh General, what do you call that fruit that uh a lot of it grows in Florida? 434: Oranges? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh if uh if you had some oranges this morning but right now you'd say they're all- Interviewer: {X} Alright last thing I said was uh you might have had a lot of oranges this morning but you ate 'em all and now you'd say they're all- 434: All gone. Interviewer: Yeah. What do you call the the real small red covered uh root vegetable that you eat raw? It's kinda spicy. 434: Radish. Interviewer: A what? 434: Radish? Interviewer: Yeah right. You like those things? 434: I like 'em pretty good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call uh- a red vegetable that grows on a bush? Might use it- cut it up and use it in salad or something like that. Make ketchup out of it. Aux: {X} Interviewer: {D:Hell} a red ve- vegetable. 434: On a bush? Interviewer: Right about this size. 434: Tomatoes? Interviewer: Right. Do you grow many of those? 434: Not so many this year. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh along with your meat you might have a baked- what? Aux: {X} 434: Along with my meat? Interviewer: Uh-huh you might have a baked- Aux: Potat- Interviewer: A vegetable to go along with it that you might bake? What would you call that? Aux: Potato. 434: Potatoes? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What kind of potatoes are there? 434: Sweet potatoes. White potatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever- What- do you know what a yam is? What is a yam? 434: That's a- potato. Interviewer: It's just a potato? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Is it any different from a sweet potato? 434: They said it's the same thing only it's a different name. Interviewer: {NW} But there's- there's not any difference in the 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 potato? # Uh-huh. 434: See there's some ta- potatoes got- they white. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And then some of 'em is red inside. Some of the potatoes are just white all the way through. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I don't know what you call them. Interviewer: What's this- this vegetable that uh if you try peel 'em or cut 'em it might make your eyes water? What do you call that? 434: Onion. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the little uh little young fresh onions that have a stalk on them, you can- you can eat right out of the ground, what do you call those? 434: Shallot? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what are some of the things that you might put in a good vegetable soup? 434: Corns. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Ketchup. Interviewer: Anything else? 434: Mustard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A type of- of vegetable that some people like to boil, other people like to fry it. It's kinda green and long. What is that? 434: Beans? Interviewer: Beans or- something else uh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: What about okra? Aux: Yeah. 434: Oh {X} okra. Aux: Uh-huh. {NW} that {D: sounds} good. Interviewer: How do you like your okra cooked? 434: I like it cooked in peas and taken up before they- don't take 'em up with the peas. Take 'em up before you take up- before you take off the peas. That {D: junk} would get on top of them and take 'em off and- and eat it that way. I like okay- course I like okra anyway. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 434: {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That kind of covers it doesn't it? # 434: That's right. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} What uh- if you leave an apple or a plum around you'd say that it- it might dry up and do what? It'll- 434: {X} Interviewer: Alright might 434: Rot. Interviewer: dry up and- what do you say it's doing when it's getting smaller? It's uh- Aux: Rot? Interviewer: If it draws up you know? 434: It's dried up. Interviewer: Dried up or would you ever say it shriveled up? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: On the tree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call these leafy vegetables that come in heads? 434: Cabbage? Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you- if you really like- if you really like it you say I sure do like these- 434: Cabbage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if you're s- if you're talking about the size you'd say that {NW} these sure are big. Talking about cabbage how big they are you'd say- you'd say what? 434: #1 This is # Interviewer: #2 These # 434: a big head. Interviewer: Uh-huh or if it's more than one you'd say these- 434: These cabbage is a head. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What kind you- you mentioned some beans of- a minute ago, what kind of beans do you have around here? 434: String beans. Butter beans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Butter peas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you say you have- if you don't want to eat the- the pod that the- that uh the bean's in you'd have to do what? You have to sit down and- Aux: Shell 'em. 434: Shell 'em. Interviewer: Shell those things? 434: That's right. Interviewer: What about the kind of bean that you eat pod and all? What would you call 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 that? # 434: string beans. Interviewer: String beans? Uh-huh. Well if- if you take the- the tops of a- of a lotta turnips and you cook 'em you're making a mess of what? 434: Turnips. Interviewer: Or just might call 'em- go out and get a- a bushel of what? 434: A bushel a turnips? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Or do- do you just call 'em just tal- call 'em greens? 434: That's right. Interviewer: mm-hmm 434: Turnip greens. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What uh- How would- if you wanted me to go down to the store and buy some lettuce for you and you wanted several of them what would you tell me to do? Go down and buy the- go down there and buy me what? 434: Some lettuce. Interviewer: Just- Aux: Several hea- Interviewer: If- if you I if you wanted uh- #1 How- # 434: #2 Two # heads. Interviewer: Two heads? Uh-huh. Have you ever- {NS} have you ever heard of uh- children referred to like that as heads? So and so's got four heads of children? You ever heard that called that? 434: I've heard it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I've heard that. Interviewer: If- 434: Four heads of children. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever heard that? If a man had uh seven boys and seven girl you'd say {NW} he sure does have a- 434: A gang of children. Interviewer: Gang of children? 434: Yeah what would- what would be the right way to say that now? Interviewer: Ah whatever you'd say'd be right. 434: Yeah well {NS} How's- now when you was talking about {X} Aux: I got a niece got- 434: {D: Claire} got a niece over there got #1 seven boys. # Aux: #2 fourteen. # Interviewer: Is that right? 434: And seven girls. Aux: No he- 434: {X} Aux: It is seven girls and seven boys. 434: That's fourteen. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: That's- that's a whole lot. Aux: And they got uh thirteen of 'em in the house now. Interviewer: {NS} That sounds like a crowded house. 434: It is. Interviewer: I'll bet. Aux: It just makes {X} {X} {D: Two sets of three in a three} {D: How is that?} {D: Two sets of three in a three.} Yeah that's right. Interviewer: Goodness. Aux: And I {X} {X} Interviewer: Have you e- ever heard anybody say he sure does have a passel of children? Would you ever say that? You got a passel of children? 434: Yes passel of children. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking about corn General what do you call the the green covering that you take off the ear of the corn? 434: Shucks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- what's the kind of- what do you call the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 434: {X} Interviewer: {X} Uh-huh. Is there any other name for it? 434: Sure. Interviewer: What's that? Would you call it anything other than a 434: #1 {D: Name as they call it.} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. Okay. What about- what do you call the thing that grows out the top of the cornstalk? 434: Tassel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the uh- the stuff that comes out of the corn stalks and you have to brush it off the ear? What's that? 434: Shell of corn. Aux: {D: Your silk}. Interviewer: The you know the stringy stuff that's on the ear. You have to brush it off. What do you call that? Aux: Silk? 434: What? Aux: {D: Your} silk. 434: Silk. Aux: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. Aux: Some folks 434: #1 We call it mustache. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Is that right? {NW} {NW} 434: Corn have whiskers when it's getting back there. Interviewer: What do you call this great big uh round thing that uh people use at Halloween? They carve 'em up and make a pie out of 'em. 434: That's right. Interviewer: What's that called? 434: Halloween pie. Interviewer: #1 Or well # 434: #2 {X} # Cut. Interviewer: The- what do you call the vegetable itself? Aux: Pumpkin. Interviewer: You say go down to the store and buy me a- Aux: Pumpkin General. 434: Pumpkin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} Aux: Pumpkin. Interviewer: Pumpkin. That's the thing that you know- 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about- what kind of melons do you- do you raise? 434: Watermelons. Interviewer: Any other kind? No other kinds? 434: There's a pie melon. Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: A pie melon? Aux: Watermelon. Interviewer: mm 434: {D: yeah it can break your mouth in it it's so hard.} Aux: {X} 434: {X} Interviewer: {NW} {NW} Does uh- Aux: Stank {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Are there different kinds of watermelons or are they all the same? 434: They ain't- they different kinds, they ain't all watermelon the same, animals eat some. But I don't know how to eat 'em hard as they is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do watermelons have different colored meat? 434: You see the watermelon have red meat and then there's some watermelons have yellow meat. What they call cream Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {D: melon.} Interviewer: How do- 434: These {X} just like a {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. C- is there any way to tell what color meat the watermelon has without opening it? You just have to go ahead and cut it? 434: Just go ahead and cut it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What do you- # Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NW} What do you call these vegetables that you might see growing around on the ground somewhere and they're kind of shaped like an umbrella? Has kind of umbrella shape, what do you call those things? You ever heard of uh ever seen mushrooms growing? Aux: I have. He sleeps {D: now} Interviewer: No he's going to sleep? About this type of vegetable that uh might- it might grow on a stump or a fallen log something like that, it kinda looks like an umbrella? It has a wide covering on the top? 434: Uh. Aux: Mushroom. 434: Mushrooms? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Can- can you eat some kinds of mushrooms? 434: They said you can. I ain't never eaten none. Aux: There's a- there's a certain kind {X} {X} {NS} Interviewer: Have you ever- have you ever heard of a- of a type of mushroom that's not good to eat? 434: I've seen a lot of it out there in the woods that I wouldn't eat. Interviewer: What would you call those? Some that might be poisonous. 434: I'd call it mushrooms. Interviewer: You'd call it mushrooms? 434: That's right {D: I never called} Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called toadstools? {NS} Aux: I have. {NS} {X} {X} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 434: You sit on my knee now 'til you talk. Aux: No. Interviewer: When we have that party this Friday if you tell a fu- if you tell a- a funny story everybody's gonna be doing what? 434: Laugh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you get out uh your guitar everybody's gonna start doing what? 434: Sing. Interviewer: That's right. If somebody offers to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I don't want to be- I appreciate your offer to do me the favor but I don't want to be what? Aux: {D: He asleep?} General! 434: Huh? {D: No I'm still with us}. {X} Interviewer: You know you don't want to feel like you owe him something #1 you'd say- # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: you'd say what? 434: I {D: I would} I appreciate you favors but I don't feel like you owe me and I owe him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say I don't want to be beholding to anybody? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If somebody asked you to do a certain job and you'd say sure I- 434: I'll do it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if you're not able to do something you might say I'd like to but- 434: I'm not able, I can't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- if somebody asked you about sundown to do some work for him you might say well I got up to work before sun up today and I 434: I couldn't- Interviewer: #1 If you don't- # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Right if you've already worked all you're 434: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 gonna work # 434: And then worked all day and I couldn't {D: care} Interviewer: That's right. You ever had anybody ask you to do something like that? 434: They have asked me several times. Huh? Aux: Because they don't want to do it. 434: Yeah {X} Aux: Sure have. Interviewer: That makes for some pretty long days doesn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If there's been a real bad wreck up the road and if there was- was no need to call the doctor because the person was- 434: Dead. Interviewer: Uh-huh. No need to call. Okay. Uh if you heard of a boy who got a whipping at school you might say I bet he did something that he what? 434: Shouldn't have done. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- if you were- if you were refusing to do something in a very strong way you might say now no ma- no matter how many times you ask me to do that I- 434: I won't do it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now you might've been doing some- some real hard work all by yourself and if your friend was just standing around without helping you might say well you- You know if you were just there working your head off and he was standing around- 434: He wouldn't help. Interviewer: Say- you'd turn to him and you'd say well you Aux: Bothered me. {X} 434: Huh? Aux: I was finna tell him {X} That's what I said. Interviewer: Or would you just say well you might a helped me you know? 434: S- ay well he- you might help me do s- Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: this work. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And he just standing there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- if somebody asked you to do something and you- you- you weren't sure whether you'd be able to do it or not you might say well I'm not sure but I- 434: Try. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Try or Would you ever say I- I might could do it for you? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what do you call the k- the kind of bird that can see in the dark General? Or you know- 434: {X} Interviewer: Well that might be or you know there are these birds around here that kinda make a scary noises at night #1 especially # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: around a graveyard? Aux: {X} Interviewer: What do you call those things? 434: Uh a owl Interviewer: Uh-huh yeah. What uh what do you- do the know the- the little kind of owl that makes kind of a- a real high- 434: Shivering owl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the- the bigger kind with the deeper voice? 434: Hoot owl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. There're many of those around here? You ever 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 seen 'em? # 434: {X} We heard one the other night down there in the woods talking about {X} just rest go home. Aux: {NW} 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh me. {NW} What do you ca- what do you call the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 434: Redhead. Interviewer: Just a redhead? 434: Sapsuckers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever call it- 434: Yellow hammers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever- have you ever heard anybody call another person a- a- a woodpecker or a- something like that? 434: I hear 'em call 'em woodpeckers and sapsuckers. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Is that- is that- # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Does that- what does that mean? What does he- 434: He cussing them I reckon. Interviewer: He cussing him? He not- he's not 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 doing him a favor when he calls him that- # 434: {D: say it on} Sunday school Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} What do you call this animal, you might have seen them around here, it's kinda black and white and when you mess with them they leave a real powerful smell? 434: Polecat. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Aux: {X} Interviewer: A polecat got after you General? 434: I shook one out of the tree right out #1 there # Aux: #2 {NW} # 434: dropped right down in my face. Interviewer: Uh-oh. 434: I fell out of the tree. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Aux: {X} Interviewer: Yeah I bet you- you had good reason to fall out of the tree. 434: He take my breath. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And he just dropped right down. Dogs just jumped {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call these kind of animals that come around and raid your chicken house? 434: Possum. Interviewer: Possum or 434: #1 Coons. # Interviewer: #2 anything e- # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Aux: Fox? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is- is there any name that takes care of all of them? You might say I'm gonna get me a gang go out and take care of those- Those what? 434: These possums or coons. This is animal? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any one word that you'd use that'd take care of all of 'em? Aux: {X} Interviewer: Would you ever call 'em varmints? Aux: Right. Interviewer: Do you ever call it varmints? 434: Varmints. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what do you call these little bushy-tailed animals that run around in the trees? 434: Squirrels. Interviewer: What different kinds of squirrels are there? 434: Fox squirrels, cat squirrels and uh ground squirrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are they all the same color? 434: Ground squirrels got a white blaze on his tail, got a white streak coming down his back some of them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever seen a squirrel that's colored red? 434: And they got flying squirrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Which- which of those squirrels is good to eat? 434: The cat squirrel. Interviewer: Cat squirrel? 434: Now those things be messy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: General the fox {X} 434: Huh? Interviewer: Fox squirrels good to eat? Aux: Yeah. 434: Well that's squirrel. Aux: I know. 434: Still a Aux: #1 It's big. # 434: #2 squirrel. # Fox squirrel and cat squirrel. Aux: Uh-huh. What do you call these little animals that look like squirrels but they don't climb trees? 434: Rats. Interviewer: Rats or anything else? 434: Rats {X} Interviewer: Might not have- might- might not have a long tail like a rat. But it kinda looks like a squirrel. Aux: A mole? 434: Muskrat? Interviewer: {NW} You ever hear of a brown squirrel? Or a chipmunk- 434: Brown squirrel? Interviewer: Might call it- you've ever heard people call 'em chipmunks? 434: I ain't never heard them called nothing but ground squirrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or maybe a gopher? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- what are some of the uh kind of fish you get around here General? When people go fishing what do they fish for? 434: Well they catfish. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Black fish. Trout. Eel. Cat fish and brim. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 434: {X} fish. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Jack. 434: What? Aux: Jack fish you- I caught one {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # I told her {D: I'll get it} Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I ain't never seen {X} but I was so scared {NW} Interviewer: Goodness. Aux: And how I got that big old thing out I don't know. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: It was easy. {D: I'm just a mean jumper}. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever eaten a- any fish uh- that are saltwater fish General? 434: Not as I know of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Do you know what these things are that uh they're they grow in- they're in shells- they're uh you find 'em in the ocean and peop- and uh pearls grow in 'em? 434: Oysters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever- do you like to eat oysters? 434: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I love 'em. Interviewer: What do you call these kind of animals that you might find around a pond at night making these uh- 434: Bullfrog? Interviewer: Uh-huh. The- the big ones are the bullfrogs aren't they? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard a bullfrog called anything else? Uh-huh. What about uh some other kinds of frogs other than bullfrogs? 434: I don't know- the toad frog? Aux: Tree frog. 434: There's a tod- toad frog and a tree frog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are the tree frogs the little ones? The little- 434: #1 the tree # Interviewer: #2 tiny- # 434: frogs are little white looking frogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Is there another- have you ever heard it c- a tree frog called anything else? Uh-huh. Uh is i- is it the toad frog that supposed to give you warts if you- if you handle it? Aux: Right. 434: Toad- that's right it's a toad frog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the things you use to go fishing with for bait? 434: Bait. Interviewer: What- what are some- 434: Hooks. Interviewer: Yeah. What are- what would some people use for different kinds of bait? 434: I don't Interviewer: #1 Crickets. # 434: #2 know I- # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # A lot of 'em use uh fishing bait. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Lot of 'em dig worms out the ground fish with them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: That's what I fish with {D: I love it}. I had less fish with them crickets {X} Interviewer: {NW} Do you know- are- are there any different kinds of worms that you can use to go fishing with? 434: {D: It's said these red worms} best to fish with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are those the big ones? 434: I don't know, there ain't no fish in the river. Aux: {X} 434: {D: mm-hmm} Aux: Red ones. Interviewer: What do you- what do you call that animal General that has a hard shell and ever now and then it will pull its head into its shell? 434: Terrapin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is it uh- would you call it- is that the one that's on dry land? 434: Terrapin's on dry land. Interviewer: Terrapin's on dry land? Uh-huh. Aux: {X} on dry land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about the thing that you might find in streams somewhere, it's uh- it's got claws on it you know? And if you- if you- if it's under a rock you might pull it up- up the rock and the thing'll swim back uh {NW} swim away backwards? You know what that is? This thing that's got claws on it? Think he went to sleep. We were talking about this thing that you might find uh in streams that has claws on it. What do you call those little things? That you can some- that you can eat? 434: Craw- crawfish? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Do you like those things? 434: {NW} Aux: {X} Interviewer: Don't like-. 434: I don't like 'em. You like 'em? Aux: {X} Interviewer: Don't care for 'em. What- what do you call this- this type of seafood that they're real small fan-tail things? And uh you get 'em by dragging the nets along the bottom of the bay. You know what those things are called? It's a type of seafood, they're real small. You ever had any shrimp to eat? 434: I've had shrimp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You like them? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: You do? Interviewer: Yeah. You don't like shrimp? 434: I don't like them- Interviewer: You don't like 'em? Aux: {X} 434: #1 I have tried me a few of them. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: If I- if I were going to go down to the store to get some I might ask uh for a few pounds of- of what? Give me a- 434: {X} Interviewer: Give me a few pounds of 434: Uh. Aux: Shrimp. 434: Shrimp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What do you call- at night General- you said these insects fly around light bulbs, what do you call those things? 434: Light bugs. Light bugs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you call the- wha- what about the things that get in your clothes and- and eat holes in 'em if you're not careful? 434: Mites? Interviewer: Mites. Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of uh- of uh- of a moth? Is that- does a moth fly around a- a light at night? Aux: {X} {NW} {X} {NW} 434: #1 I don't know. # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever- Aux: {NW} Interviewer: seen this type of insect that flies around at night and the light flashes on and off? 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 You know- # 434: lighting bug. Interviewer: Lighting bug? Uh-huh. What about this- talking about being around a pond sometimes you see an insect that likes to stay around ponds it's got kind of a long thin body and pairs of transparent wings. What do you call that thing? Aux: {NW} 434: Mens call it a- Interviewer: It likes to eat mosquitoes. Aux: {X} 434: I reckon so. Interviewer: You- some- some people say they're a sign that snakes are nearby. 434: Snakes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: In- what do you call the insect? Do you know? 434: Insect? Interviewer: Yeah it's a- it's a kind of insect with a long thin body. 434: {D: Mosquito} gnats? Interviewer: Or- Aux: No. Interviewer: Sometimes they light on your pole. When you're fishing you know? They're- they're about- about this long I guess. Aux: With wings. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: It has wings on it. Aux: We call 'em snake doctor. Interviewer: You ever heard of a snake doctor? Is that what you'd call- 434: That's what I'd call it a sn- that's what I always heard, there was snake doctors. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 I know # {D: isn't a snake ever let him duck none.} Interviewer: {NW} 434: Try to catch 'em {X} Interviewer: That's right. What uh- what kind- we were talking about snakes yesterday. What are some of the insects around here that'll sting ya? Aux: Wasps. Yellow jacket- 434: Wait a minute. Interviewer: Okay. 434: Now what you said? Interviewer: What are some of the insects around here that'll sting you? 434: That bite you? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Mosquito, black gnats. Aux: {NW} 434: Horse flies. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} flies. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: What about- y- have you ever seen any that make these great big paper nests in trees? 434: Hornets? Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: Know he'll never forget that. {X} Interviewer: You ever got into any hornets before General? Aux: {NW} 434: {D: I peaked} {X} stuck the hole there, what was in there to see what was in there and one hit me right between the eyes. Interviewer: Uh-oh. Aux: {NW} {NW} Oh lord. 434: I was a little boy then but I been grown ever since and then- Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} My goodness. What about- what about the kind of insect that will make a mud nest on the side of your house? Aux: Dirt devils. Dirt devils Interviewer: #1 You know what I'm # Aux: #2 General. # Interviewer: talking about? 434: Dirt devils. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Wasps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Wasps don't make them- 434: Yeah wasps make them Aux: They make it but they don't {NW}- make it out of dirt do they? Interviewer: Is that- what is that? 434: #1 You make # Aux: #2 A wasp # 434: nests on the side of the house though. Aux: Dirt devil. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: A wasp will too. Aux: But they add mud. 434: {D: He gonna} make it outta mud when he put it on the side of the house. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Is a- is a wasp kinda like paper? Aux: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What about- is there any kind of insect that builds its nest in the ground and will swarm all over you? 434: Yellowjacket. Interviewer: You ever got into any yellowjackets? Aux: {NW} 434: {D: Oh no.} I pulled out five- gallon milk {X} some of 'em out there lying waste to the five gallon bucket {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh lordy. {NW} What do you call those little insects that'll get up under your skin and raise welts on it? 434: Get up on your skin? Interviewer: Get up under your skin. They- they'll burrow in your skin and make you itch. You know what- #1 ever heard of those? # Aux: #2 Those little # gnats. Interviewer: Would you just call 'em gnats or- 434: Black gnat. Interviewer: Black gnat? Aux: {X} Interviewer: Is that- have you ever heard of a chigger? Is that chigger? 434: Cheetah? Interviewer: Chigger. 434: I don't know. Interviewer: Never heard of chigger? Okay. Or maybe a red bug? 434: I've Interviewer: #1 You know what a red bug is? # 434: #2 heard of red bug # up in {D: Lotus} Aux: Did you tell him I- 434: {NW} Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 I used to get loaded # with them at the swamp Aux: #1 That's a tick. # 434: #2 hunt that night. # Aux: #1 # 434: #2 # Aux: {D: All the dogs get full of them} Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: {NW} What wou- what do you call these insects some of 'em are green and some of 'em are black and hop around in the grass? 434: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- we were talking about bait a minute ago- What do you call the small kind of fish that some people use for bait? You- you can get 'em at a bait house along with worms. 434: Never have. Aux: {X} Or minnows or- Interviewer: Have you ever used minnows to fish with? Any minnows? 434: I don't remember. Aux: General you use {X} 434: Huh? Aux: General I fish with minnows but he just- 434: Fish with minnows? Aux: Yeah. 434: I don't fish in the daytime, I never did fish in the #1 daytime I see- # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {D: get in the swamp.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call that stuff General that'll gather up in the ceiling of the house when it hadn't been cleaned in a long time? It'll get in the corners. What do you call that stuff? 434: Dust. Interviewer: Just dust? Okay. Have- 434: Spider webs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What about when you're pulling up a stump outside you're gonna have to get in and dig around and cut out what? 434: Taproot. Interviewer: Cut out the roots of it? Okay. What about uh- talking about tapping something have you ever heard of tapping a tree for syrup? Letting- letting the syrup run out of it, what kind of tree would you tap for #1 syrup? # 434: #2 Pine # tree gum. Aux: For syrup? Interviewer: Talk- for syrup. 434: Oh for syrup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Oh I wouldn't #1 know. # Aux: #2 Maple? # Interviewer: {NW} Aux: {X} 434: What was it? Aux: Maple. 434: Oh maple ain't no syrup {X} Aux: I don't know. {X} I don't know. Interviewer: If you had a- if you had a lot of these maple trees together in one place what would you call a big group of these trees? Might be maple trees or might be pecan trees 434: {NW} {D: A lot of times} {D: a lot of times} call it orchards. A maple tree. Interviewer: An orchard uh-huh. Okay. Have- do you know what kind of tree uh you'd have if you were- if you had the one with the- the real broad leaves you know that- that shed all the time and the bark uh peels and has little knobs and balls all over it? Know what kind of tree that would be? Have you ever heard of a sycamore tree? Aux: I have {X} 434: Sycamore #1 trees? # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 434: Sure. Interviewer: Okay. When over here right on the side of the road. What about uh some other types of trees around here besides sycamore trees? 434: Well there's Aux: Tree {D: gum} 434: willows. Sweetgums. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Pine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} gums. Water oak. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Red oaks. And uh sugar berry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh- talking about trees do you know the type of tree that George Washington was supposed to cut down when he was a little boy? Ever heard of that? 434: I never Interviewer: #1 {D: Okay.} # 434: #2 heard of it. # Interviewer: He was supposed to cut down a cherry tree I think. Aux: Right. Interviewer: Okay. Aux: Right. Interviewer: What about- what would you call a bush that grows along the side of the road and it uh the leaves turn real bright red pretty early and uh people say that it used to be used by old people for tanning leather. Have you ever heard of that? 434: Never. Interviewer: Never heard of that? Never heard of a- of a shumac? Okay. Are there any kind of bushes that if you get into 'em it'll make your skin break out? And itch? 434: I don't think there is. I know uh poison oak. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} bound to make your skin break out on you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about uh- have you ever gone berry picking around here? What different kinds of berries do you pick? 434: Dewberries. Blackberries. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Strawberries. See they grow them in gardens. Strawberries. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have uh you ever picked any berries with a real rough surface? Some of 'em are red, some of 'em are black. Aux: There's huckleberries too. Interviewer: You ever picked any raspberries? 434: What? Interviewer: You ever pick any raspberries? Okay. 434: {D: Not as I} #1 know of. # Aux: #2 My dad # had a patch of 'em {X} 434: You ever- you ever set traps? Interviewer: Uh-uh. Never have. {NS} Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Why do you ask? 434: Well peoples used to set traps and catch quails. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {D: Sleep.} {NW} 434: River {X} set traps yet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {D: No kids or nothing} 434: Saved you. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Talk about uh- talking about trees again General what do you call this great big type of tree that has these big green shiny leaves and these great big white waxy-looking flowers? What kind of tree would you call that? I was asking about this great big tree that has great big green leaves on it and these big white uh waxy-looking white flowers. You know what kinda- 434: Magnolia? Interviewer: Yeah. Big magnolia tree. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What kind of bushes around here uh are there that flower in the- in the late spring? You know of any? Aux: {X} 434: Holly wood bush. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: The one right back there- 434: With red berries. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any kind of uh- anything you'd call a laurel bush? You ever heard of that? Okay. Okay. {NW} What about uh- General if somebody uh looked at Vera and said who is that you'd say that's my- 434: Wife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if uh somebody asked {B}- if somebody asked {B} who you were she'd say that your her- Aux: Husband. You are going to sleep. Interviewer: If somebody asked {B} who you were she'd say that you're- 434: Her husband? Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's right. Have you ever- what do you call a woman who's lost her husband? Her husband's died. 434: Now if she ain't eighty years old she'll lose one. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: That's what the Bible says. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 That # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # it said a woman lose her husband at her age she free to marry like she did before she married the first time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But to be a widow and a widow indeed she must be three score and ten That what's- that's what that book over there say, now I didn't put {D: them there.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But now we got loose womens we gonna have with us. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And everybody hunting something loose. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: I reckon so. {NW} What uh- have you- what would you call her if uh her husband hadn't died, he's just left? What would you call her, anything? 434: Well they- I wouldn't know what to call her. Both of 'em they- they do such a {X} just ran and got killed had {X} He done left his wife, him and her weren't together, he was just living here yonder he {D: b- call herself, have a trailer he living in.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And had grown children, had grandchildren. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard- have you ever heard 'em called grass widow? Aux: Uh-huh. 434: I've heard it said. Aux: Uh-huh. 434: But long as that husband live she ain't no widow. Aux: Uh-huh. 434: Long as h- long as he live she can't be a widow now she can't be a widow 'til she come to that age. Aux: Uh-huh. So that wouldn't be an accurate description Interviewer: #1 {D: would it?} # 434: #2 That's right. # 434: Well you see the folks do it to please. Interviewer: Uh-huh. General when you were a young boy who was the person in your family who'd be most likely to give you a whipping if you needed one? 434: My mother give me all of mine. {D: It's right there.} Interviewer: Is that right? 434: My daddy never did whoop {D: me much}. {D: course} my mother's she tear you up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you usually call your father your daddy? What about your mother, did you call her mother or something else? Aux: Momma. 434: We called call her mom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And I called my daddy papa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- well- your mother and your father together are what? 434: Man and wife. Interviewer: And you would say well those are my- 434: Yeah. Mother and father. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say they're your parents? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call your- your father's father? 434: Grandpa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about your uh your father's mother? 434: Grandma. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that what you'd call her? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Grandma. What about- your sons and- your sons and your daughters together would be called what? Or anybody's sons and daughters. One word- 434: My children. Interviewer: Right. Right. What about uh if you- if you have a special name for one of your children what would you call that special name? You know a name that- a name that a child's just known as in the family. And nowhere else, what would you call that kinda name? 434: Well I wouldn't know that. Interviewer: Would you call it a- have you ever heard of anybody's chi- child having a pet name or something like that? 434: I heard of 'em having nicknames. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-hu- 434: I reckon that's about the same. Interviewer: About the same. Aux: Just like you call that boy Buck. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: You know {X} his name is {D: Will-Lee}. Interviewer: What- what do you call these things that are on wheels General that you can put a- a baby in and it'll lie down? 434: Baby carriage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were gonna put the baby carriage uh- if you're going to put the baby in the carriage you'd say you're going to go out and what? Say I believe I'll put the baby in the carriage and go out and- 434: And work. Interviewer: #1 Well if you were just gonna- # 434: #2 And- and # cut grass. Interviewer: If you were gonna have the baby along with you. 434: Oh well {D: then} take a walk. Interviewer: Okay. 434: And push the baby. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- if you have uh three children, one of 'em's five years old, one of 'em's ten years old and one of 'em's twenty years old you'd say that the one who's twenty years old is the- As far as age goes. Aux: The oldest. 434: He's a man. Interviewer: Or he's- in relationship to the other two 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 he's the- # He's the what? 434: He's the older brother. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or if you were talking about- if you were talking about in ter- him in terms of being grown up you'd say he's the- Aux: Oldest. 434: He's a man. Interviewer: Okay or you might say he's the- he's the most grown up 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 of all of 'em? # Okay. Okay. Alright. Your- anybody's children would be their sons and their- 434: Daughters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And- or anybody's children would be the boys and the- 434: The sons. Interviewer: The boys and the- 434: Boys and girls. Interviewer: Right. Okay. What do you- if you- if a woman's about to have a baby you say she's what? What's her con- #1 dition? # 434: #2 Pregnant. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard called that- called anything else? Never have. Would- would there be any kind of special term- 434: I hear 'em- a lot of 'em would say she's big. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. If the woman didn't have a husband is there any other term you might use to- if you were talking about her? 434: If she didn't have a husband? Interviewer: Is there any way you might talk about her if you were just joking about it? 434: Uh uh- she's- she's stealing. Interviewer: She's stealing? 434: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: Anything you dabble around with {D: and ain't none of your's} anything you got to hide you stealing. {C: loud background noise} {NS} Interviewer: If uh- if you didn't have a doctor around to deliver a baby what would you call the woman that you might send for? 434: Call her midwife. Interviewer: Midwife? Uh-huh. Is there any other name you've ever heard 'em called? Okay. If uh- if a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father does and maybe the same shaped nose you'd say that he- 434: Just like his father. Interviewer: Just like his father? Uh-huh. If- if he has the same kind of behavior as his father would you say the same thing about him? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- if he's gotten all his father's bad habits would you still say he's just like his father? 434: Have to. Well if he's just like him he's just like him. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Okay or would you ever say he takes after his father? Or something like that? 434: That's what them folks said. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. If a- if a mother has looked after three children until they've grown up you'd say that she has done what? 434: Taken care of three children. Interviewer: Just taken care of 'em? Okay. Would you ever say she's reared three children? Aux: Right. That's right. 434: She raised three children. Interviewer: Raised 'em or reared 'em. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. If uh if a child- if a child's been real bad and he's misbehaved you might say to him well if you do that again 434: I'll whoop you. Interviewer: That's right. You ever had to give many whipping General? 434: You tell it. Interviewer: {NW} Do you use your hand or a belt? 434: {NW} {D: Depends how you give it to 'em} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh me. Aux: {X} 434: {NW} {NW} Aux: I think he {X} Try. And he {D: stabbed} and whooped a little boy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: I mean {X} Interviewer: When was the last time you whipped somebody General? Aux: {D: Oh god.} 434: I ain't had no trouble with nobody much since I've been grown. I had several #1 li- little fights when I was {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # {D: You wasn't wrong} when you married me. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I see him whoop several- was several men. I- I was on the {D: church} {NW} I was in there somebody come and says {B} I said what. Say you better go out there and see what {B} I said what's the matter with him? This- {X} {D: So I walk} outside {D: and then his mother beared back on him} She knows there's something {X} I went to the door and I- when I got to the door and I seen him right there in the yard and I seen {B} standing there and the folks {X} And uh his mother's trying- she got up said where is General? I said yonder {D: here} Somebody {D: fight me} {X} {D: maybe fight} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: You don't want nobody touch anything {B} won't fight you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: and then that's when I went to him I said {B} just tell I said well {NS} just cool {X} I said what in the world's matter with you? {X} I said {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Oh my goodness. Aux: You did. And she {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. General if- if you knew somebody who grew five inches uh who was five inches taller this year than he was last year you'd say my goodness you sure- 434: Have grew. Aux: Uh-huh. That'd be a lot wouldn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: How tall are you General? 434: I'm ain't as tall now, done drawed up so I used to be about six feet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's pretty tall. What would you call a child who- who's born to an unmarried woman? 434: Well they call it a bastard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever heard it called anything else? Okay. If- you might say that well this girl's a real loving child but uh Peggy's a lot Aux: {X} 434: Loving she is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What would you call- if your brother had a son what would your son be- what would his son be in relation to you? He'd be your what? 434: Niece. Interviewer: Well a son. 434: That's- my brother's son? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I would be his uncle. Interviewer: And he would be your- 434: My niece. Aux: Uh-uh. 434: What? Aux: Nephew. 434: Nephew. Interviewer: Nephew? 434: That's right. Interviewer: What do you call a- if a child has lost both its mother and its father what would you call that child? Aux: {X} 434: Motherless child. Interviewer: Motherless child? Would you ever- would you ever call it an orphan? Okay. What would you call a person who- {NS} What would you call a person who's been appointment to look after a motherless child? Maybe the- the court or the judge appointed a person to look after a motherless child. What would you call that person? 434: {D: I don't know what that's called.} Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of uh- of guardian? 434: {D: Guardian?} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {NW} I've heard of that. She gonna be the guardian of that child. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know if you have a- if the house is full of your cousins and nephews and- and nieces and all those kind of people you'd say that the house is full of your? 434: Peoples. Interviewer: Full of your people? Aux: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call 'em anything else? Okay. Uh. If some- if uh there was somebody who looked a little bit like you and uh she might have the same last name as you but uh you say well I'm actually not- What? If she's not a part of your family but she looks like you and- and she might have your same last name you say well really I'm not any- 434: Related to her. Interviewer: Okay not related to her at all. What would you- what would you call a person who's come from out of town and nobody's ever seem him before? You'd say have you seen that- 434: Stranger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about What a pers- what about a person who's come from another country? What would you call him? 434: Stranger. Interviewer: Still call him a stranger? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Would uh- would you ever call anybody a foreigner? 434: Well have called somebody that- a foreigner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh. What- what was the name of the mother of Jesus in the Bible General? 434: Mary. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. Do you know what the- the names of the uh the sisters- what are some other- of the other names of women in the Bible General? 434: Usually got {D: Zeriya} is in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Rachel. Naomi, Ruth. {X} Eunice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Jezebel. Interviewer: Okay that's good. What about uh- can you think of any common names of women that begin with an M besides Mary? 434: I can't right now. Interviewer: Okay what about uh- you know any women named Martha? Aux: Yeah. 434: {D: River Center} has that name. Aux: {D: Still in the Bible, doesn't it?} Interviewer: Well not necessarily just women in general. Women. You say he had who? 434: {D: River Center had a good name of it.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 434: And there's a woman named Montgomery {X} might be his niece {X} nephew or something named Martha. Martha Hall. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a song that's a song about a woman and one of the lines is wait 'til the sh- wait 'til the sun shines- somebody? You ever heard of that one? 434: Never have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would- what would you- have you ever heard of uh a woman named Helen, the nickname for a woman named Helen? What would that be? Begins with an N. 434: Never. Aux: Call her {X} Helen. 434: Huh? Aux: Call her {X} Helen. Interviewer: You ever- 434: {D: Helen?} Interviewer: You ever heard of a woman named Nelly? Aux: Nelly. 434: Millie? Interviewer: Nelly. 434: Nelly? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Sure. {NS} Nelly Ruth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: See there's a white woman down in here used to be named Nelly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what about uh- you were talking about nicknames, what might you nickname a boy named William? What might you call him for short? 434: William. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you didn't want to call him William you might call him what? 434: Bill. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Bill or Billy? 434: That's right Billy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Who was na- what was the name of the man who wrote the first of the four gospels in the Bible? You remember that? 434: {X} I can't now {B} Interviewer: Well there was- there was Mark, Luke, and John, and 434: {X} Interviewer: What was the other one? Remember the other one's name? 434: Mark, Luke John Interviewer: Begin with an M. 434: Phillip. And uh Interviewer: It's the uh- it's the- it's the first book in the New Testament. Aux: Matthew. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Remember Matthew? 434: Michael. Aux: Matthew General. 434: Matthew? Interviewer: Yeah. You know Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John? Aux: Right. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call- General what would you call a woman who's a school teacher or a woman who runs a school, you'd call her a- 434: A teacher. Interviewer: Just a teacher? 434: Just a teacher. Interviewer: Okay. Mu- would you ever call- have you ever heard people call 'em a school marm? Okay. Uh you were talking about preachers the other day General. What would you call a preacher that's really not trained very well? He- he doesn't have a- a regular church and he just preaches uh here and there on Sundays? What kind of preacher would you call him? If he's not a very good preacher. Aux: {D: He's gone in isn't he?} Interviewer: Yeah. Preachers. What would you call a- a preacher that really hadn't had much training? He just preaches here and there, he really does something else for a living. He might not be a good preacher. You'd say ah he's just a- {NS} 434: Well he's just a- I- I would- uh- He wouldn't be a good preacher. Interviewer: Is there any particular name that you'd have for him? Or he's no good, he's just an old- You ever heard of a jackleg preacher? 434: {X} Interviewer: What i- what is a jackleg preacher mean, somebody- if I told you that I knew a jackleg preacher you'd know that he'd be like what, what would he be like? 434: He'd be just like any other man but he'd be up there kidding himself trying to be a preacher. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 434: The other guys told him if I caught you {X} newspaper. Interviewer: Okay. What uh- General what relation would my mother's sister be to me? She'd be my what? 434: Your mother and uh her sister? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Would be your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. If uh- if a woman's last name was- was Cooper that was her married last name wha- how would you- how would you ca- address her, you'd say do you know 434: Ms Cooper. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Do you remember in the Bible General what the name of Abraham's wife was? 434: Sarah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- let's see. If your father had a brother named William you'd call him what? 434: Bill. Interviewer: Well you'd say- 434: Willie or Bill. Aux: Uncle Will. Interviewer: Well if you were- let's say if you were a little boy 434: Yeah. Interviewer: and your #1 father # 434: #2 Uncle William. # Interviewer: Yeah Uncle William or if his name was John you'd call him- 434: Uncle John. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you remember uh General in the- in the Civil War do you remember the name of the general who commanded the South? Okay. You ever heard of uh- of Robert E. Lee? 434: I heard of him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But if he was a General he- he'd be- he'd be called what? You'd call him- 434: He would be the- Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 {X} # He'd be the head of the army. #1 Master- # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright you might say uh- you might say- uh Captain John's but you'd call him General- 434: He'd be the captain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Okay. What about uh- Aux: {NW} Interviewer: You know anything about military rank? We were talking about uh captain and general and private or anything like that? Do you know any #1 of those ranks? # 434: #2 I don't- # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # I don't know nothing about this military. And this- this army's business like that. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of uh- of a colonel? 434: I've heard it. Heard colonels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about uh- what do you call the man who- who runs a- the county court? You'd say he's a what? 434: Judge? Interviewer: Yeah. You know any judges? You ever had any dealings with judges? 434: What is {X} isn't he a judge? Interviewer: Who's that? 434: {B} isn't he a judge? Interviewer: Yeah he's a probate judge. Alright you know him? 434: Sure. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now ms {X} used to be a judge down in {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Aux: {B} you so sleepy why don't you check out? Interviewer: No I can hear him alright. What do you call- what would you call a boy or a girl who's in school? You'd say that he's a- well he's a what? 434: Scholar. Interviewer: A scholar okay. What about uh- Aux: Student. Interviewer: What do you call a woman who works in a- in an office who takes care of another man's mail and types his letters and all that? 434: She's a {X} Interviewer: Okay. Fair. Have you ever what do you- what would you call a woman who app- appears in uh- in uh on stage you know in a play or a movie or something like that? 434: Star. Interviewer: Okay. What uh- what- talking about nationality General what would you call anybody who's born in the United States, he'd be a what? 434: American. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh- let's see- General I've heard you sa- I've heard- I've heard you call yourself big nigger. Do you like to be called that? 434: Don't make me a bit of difference #1 that's because # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: I done had that name for years. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What 434: #1 {D: Now} # Interviewer: #2 about uh # 434: Don't nobody call me that with white folks. Interviewer: Is that right? You don't- is there- is there any term that a- that a white man might use if he said that is there any way that he might say it that you'd resent it or take offense? 434: Sure. Not- Not a bit. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: That's right. Interviewer: But you say other black people don't call- 434: But other black people- a- a lot of- see if I get mad if you call me a nigger you- I'm letting you know I is a nigger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But if I don't get mad you know I ain't no nigger. Interviewer: Do you ever use the term negro? 434: I've- #1 seen that but- # Aux: #2 Yeah but- # 434: That's- {D: now they come here we do} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} negro. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But you didn't give 'em that name did you? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Did you #1 give- # Interviewer: #2 No- no # 434: you didn't give 'em that name. They had that when they brought 'em over here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And a lot of folks don't want you to call 'em a nigger and they don't want you to call 'em black, now what you gonna call 'em? Interviewer: Yeah I was about to say you know the- the term that most uh uh black people like to be called now, especially the young ones are just black. You know just call 'em- Say he's a black. If you have to refer to him just 434: #1 Well I- uh I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: just soon {D: found} call 'em nigger cuz you can say a black dog. Interviewer: Well that's true. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well you got a point there. # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Well since- since I'm not- since I'm not your color General what would you call me? 434: White man. Interviewer: Call me a white man. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Well is there any word that you might use to call a white man in any special situation if maybe you were joking about him or something like that? 434: Well now there's a lotta white folks- there's a class of white folks- it's right down in the- now there ain't no difference in our flesh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But there's a class of white peoples go right along grade theyselves right along with the colored race of peoples. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Now the- there's a class of white folks think the better class of white folks meddling at 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well the colored man think the white folks hate him cuz he's black. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But they don't. White folks don't hate colored folks. They don't hate 'em- they- they- they respect 'em. They care for 'em. But he think cuz he's black that you hate him. While the poor man think cuz he can't come to your house and sleep in the bed with you and spend the nights at your house he think you {D: picking outta him} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: but you ain't. There's a class a niggers I wouldn't let get in my bed, I'd go out there and sleep in them leaves with 'em before I'd let him come in here and go in my bed cuz he's nasty and filthy. Well there's a class of white folks you don't to invite 'em to your home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: They white. But the flesh- ain't a bit of difference in the flesh. That moral standing. {NS} Interviewer: What are- what are- if uh is there anything that you might call a white man if you were just real mad at him and you wanted to insult him? Is there any um- 434: Now they- A lot of peoples call white folk- uh call- get mad and then they call 'em {D: peckers} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And crackers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So if you want to insult somebody you'd- you'd call 'em that? 434: That's right well now Interviewer: #1 You want to get him # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mad. 434: They is some crackers. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # And they {NW} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You never have no trouble outta good white folks. All the trouble is- colored peoples have they have it out of sorry class a white peoples. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: but the better class of white peoples don't believe in fussing and fighting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It's a lot easier to get along 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 isn't it? # 434: right, you see it's the best to get along. See I was raised in the family a good family of white peoples Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {D: slept there.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Me and these boys wrestling {D: he gave a} their dad would paddle me just like he did them. Uh-huh. 434: Well I stayed there with them {X} looked like it's- it was got the hard for me to get along with colored folks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But I don't hate nobody. I ain't got no hatred in my heart against nobody but I hate sin. God hate. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. I guess that's the best way to be isn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: What would uh- General what would a- 434: What was that now? Interviewer: That story about uh ms {B} 434: There was a kid coming to him one night, you saw they lived up there by themselves and one night you saw a light on. Yeah and he was up there at the house and I- I- was coming out from Shady Grove down there and I see the light up there late that night and I just went on up there to see what's the matter. {NS} And I got up there and he was sitting up and his niece was in the bed. I said- He said {B} I'm glad you come. Said Bobby's sick. I said he is? He said yeah Bobby's mighty sick. I said what did he eat? He said he ate a bowl of grits- griddle full of boiled eggs. I said what did you give him since he eat this stuff? Said I give him a half a box of epsom salt. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: Half a box of ep- #1 som # 434: #2 He said half a # box of epsom salt. And about three or four big tablespoons full of soda. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I went back there to the bed {D: all} how you feeling mr {D: Crub}? He said I'm damn nigh dead. {B} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: He said go get Ned and tell Ned to come and come at once and let's get him to a doctor. We went over there and woke him up. I called him Captain Ned, Captain Ned! Yeah? I just {D: asked} {B} {D: I said mr Rob throw that bat all} sick and said for you to come take him to the doctor. Where's {D: Adel?} He's at my- ms Daisy's place. He said I'll be out there in a few minutes. He just put on his housecoat you know and out the door he comes with me {D: Mose was} on our way back to the house and we heard him crank up and when his light hit Mose's car Mose just hit the ditch cuz he knowed- I- {D: he driven enough} and when he passed me and Mose me and Mose had to sit over there on the side of the road while five or ten men Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 before we could {D: get back on the road}. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {NW} And we made it coming out with ms Daisy and mr Rob get him to the doctor. And I didn't see him no more about a week and I said how did mr Rob get, ms Daisy? Said he got well before the doctor rang. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He done did see the doctor. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} 434: He said Ned scared him so bad. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: {X} He said that it scared him so bad he stopped and that's {X} moved his bowels and his got well right straight. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {D: He doesn't call the doctor} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # It's- {D: that's how you get 'em mr Rob}. He uh taken sick up there and died. Now he was lazy, never did marry. And he'd sit in one place all day long while somebody- well he didn't have {X} Just like you sitting there he wouldn't get up. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 No he- # They wouldn't go get a drink of water Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 get- wake me to come get up # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # {NW} Sit right on that porch and wait for me to get him water. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And that was a lazy white man, fine looking fellow too. Cuz he didn't- he hated work so bad he wouldn't take {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He wouldn't work- Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} And they- they had an old uncle named Gus. You talking about a mean white man, he was one of 'em. He killed thirteen men and go on and tell you the truth, now you wanna hell raise out of a bunch of niggers you let 'em be in the road and say here come Captain Gus! {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 They get to thinking {D: like this}. # They is scared of that man. Now he didn't bother everybody but the folks did scare him and kill him for it. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 Children was # scared of him. I was scared of him! And I I was {X} {B} when he killed a lot of people when I was little, I didn't know nothing about it much, you know it? And it was old man Jimmy {B} brother. And the last man he killed- he killed one of these highway men, was an Indian there on the highway somehow {X} he was inspecting. Old Captain Gus picks the road and that man went out and condemned and he jumped on it. And this fellow whooped him. {NS} And he ran to the camp and got his horse {NS} and saddled him up and rid {C: pronunciation of rode} to town tied that horse and he walked the streets 'til he found that man and shot him six times. Men wants to {D: kill} Well then they taken all his weapons away from him and put him under probation, they kept from executing him. His folks had a lot of money and they just nearly went broke trying to save him. So he come home and he found out I was raised with his brother's childrens. And he'd taken a liking to me and I was scared of him. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} 434: He {D: called out to me to} go hunting with him. And I was scared to go and scared not to go, I didn't know what to {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He bring a mule for me to ride. And he had a big dog named George. And old George wouldn't run nothing with rabbits at night I don't reckon but everything George struck was a wildcat or a fox or a coon. You better not tell him he's running the rabbit {X} Rabbit come right under the mule {D: the boss was} riding, just come right along by. And that dog come along there he hot damn General he's running that cat that I need, I said yes sir. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 {NW} # He said {B} your dog and my dog wouldn't run rabbits at night. Your dog won't run no cat! I'm going back to Georgia and buy you a pair {D: cat dog} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I told him yes sir. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And me and him running and hunting and excited to go to sleep. And I was scared to go to sleep in the woods with him. He pulled his saddle off, I pulled mine off and we built a fire and I laid my- he laid his head on his saddle, I laid my h- head on mine. He snored, he got to snoring, after a while he say lay still. Lay still. Don't you move. I said to him, said if he can be in these woods by yourself cuz you Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # me not moving {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # But he was dreaming about the folks I reckon he had killed. And that man lived over there and he come here and he tell {B} {B} scared of him too. {NW} He tell {B} you go in the other room me and {B} gonna stay in here. {B} go in there and go to bed and he'd stand here. He blow a horn {X} He'd keep you up all night, he'd sit up in the house Sunday night or any other night and just blow a horn all night long. Drank whiskey and coffee you know and after he found out I was raised with his family I have an old car. He said {B} I said yes sir. If I got out, want me and you to ride about something tomorrow. I said Captain Gus I ain't got no tag on my car. My truck. {NW} Hell you can't run on a tag, it take gas to run a car. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He tell my poor daddy man. {NW} I said what the lord give him. Ain't a law in hell arrest you with me. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # And they wouldn't Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 but they knowed the {D: Captain} # They thought I {X} they'd let me go too, they wouldn't bother me. So I cranked up. Now they just scared to death, I was scared not to go with the man now this- he had me in the middle and he met a white fellow down the road and this white fellow just as scared of him as a rabbit was a dog. Oh he just mr Carter, mr Carter he's down with me today praying. Mr Carter get out and have dinner with him. I said now, hoping he would and I don't know why they said {B} I said yup. He said I believe I'll go out there and eat dinner with old Bob {D: Mosh} today he says you be back here at one o'clock. Said we want to go out 'til the pine and out through the {D: Lovvorn} and past {X} on through Troy and up all round the highway and {NS} China Grove. I said I ain't got a {X} Ain't got no license and no tag. Hell you can't run a car on a license, it take gas to run a car. And I don't put that in there. {NW} So I went home and driv {C: pronunciation of drive} my car around to the back of the house and told Bill to tell him somebody come help me, I had to leave. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # So that old man happen to keep 'em down there and when he did come to my house he got drunk was walking across the ditches. Straight old fellow. And there's a board went across the ditch, I said can you cross this ditch? He said yeah! And he got slammed across the ditch and went to pick up his feet to step off on the ground and he got off balance and he went in the ditch deep as that door there. Lot of his back in the mud and water. Interviewer: {NW} 434: I got down there and got him out. Carried him up there to the house, build a fire for him. And next news I hear is that old man he fell in a fire and burn up. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: Right. Fell in the fire and burned up hisself. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Now he was a bad fellow. Talking about folks scared of him. His uh- his niece had him working for him. And his- he hated Old Captain Jim's wife so bad when she'd come out there he'd eat at the store, he wouldn't eat there. He said if he eat at the table where she was he'd kill her. {NS} They got to squabbling there one day and old man Gus had old man Jim get him {X} Got mad at old Captain Jim. Well don't nobody tell us about {X} I be about wanting him killed myself. So he walked into the closet and kept his pistol in there. He stayed in there a few minutes {X} pistol's there. {NW} Said he {D: heard him} sliding down against the walls sitting down in there. Said didn't nobody open the door. Said well {X} open the door by god you thought I was dead didn't you? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {D: He done dead. They go and shoot the-} and they going to snatch the door open and see {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} {X} Yeah I have a lot of experience with- with white people. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Lot of it, lot of it, lot of it. Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 I paid # Interviewer: #2 You ever h- # 434: for a man once cleaning off yards that barbecue a hog. He was drunk. And it's a drizzling rain. {D: Dagonnit} let me go in here and get General a raincoat to put on him. And I was raking out there in the yard and he went and {X} put the raincoat on. And the house is up high as the ground. He come out there {D: whole lot of work and that- get the} raincoat on, went under the house {X} done left me out there in the rain. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {NW} He said dagonnit here I am under the house with a coat on and {B} out there in the rain. {NS} No that Gus was a sight {X} lived in this house and down there and he'd come he had a fellow followed him around, he made him play a guitar for him. And he'd make him swap right off on one song, didn't nothing even care what he was playing. He'd tell him something else he had to keep on with the guitar, wouldn't you? {NW} He'd be playing ain't gonna rain no more, ain't gonna rain no more play the {X} {NW} then he'd start on something else. {C: laughing throughout} That man had that boy messed up. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} He took a little old nigger boy waiting for a woman over there in {X} Tucker. And raised him. And th- he had that boy riding a mule the boy's leg would come along here on the mule's {NS} side and he made him cuss out everybody he wanted, little old kids couldn't talk plain Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # He'd see somebody coming he says {X} He said yes sir? I want you to cuss that man when you get to him. Interviewer: {NW} 434: The man is riding by and said hello mr Carter. He said cuss him {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Said that little boy start {X} Cuss him {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # he got twenty something years old. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Niggers was gambling down there and that little old woman down there {X} {D: nobody just gives} some money. He went out there say he come back and woke up {D: Gus goes is the job done?} Said uh-huh. They took my money down there {X} Took your money? Yes. God damn wait a minute {D: you got that all wrong}. {D: he'd put it to all of 'em} got his pistol and went down there. Niggers had money just piled up around there. When he walked up they looked up pick up all that money {D: that's your's} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 {NS} # {D: Sent} that little boy got down there and raked it all up and went on back to his house. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {D: Stern} That was a bad white man. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {D: Just had to go down and lose some more} {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # That Gus call 'em the champions. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I seen some little old white boys one day, I was messing with some little white boys {X} and Mike. And {D: Ned Giddins} was little. And they mother's had me fooling around with 'em, playing with 'em. And they had buggies then. Bigshot peoples had buggies and horses. And these little old boys had a buggy they were walking around with it you know. And old man Gus had a brother name {D: Hein} and him and mr Hein co- come down and said {NS} {X} These little boys come down there about that high, they looked up at {D: the man} one of 'em shot old man Gus round the shoulders with that buggy whip. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 434: Old man Gus caught him by his arm, snatched it out of his hand, took the buggy and every- and hit him right here. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # That boy {D: up there} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # His daddy's standing right there. And he went to house and told him mo- mother's scared of him too. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} Goddamn you I'll show you who to hit. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I bet that boy never did touch his old gun no more. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: {NW} Gus was a sight. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And after he learnt me Nobody didn't offer me {B} mm-mm. I was just scared of him now if he's black man as I did- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {D: Tell him} {D: It's that he-} You working on the county road and you have some niggers on the camp and they just camp in old houses like {D: Niam} out there you know {D: and there were these} road camps where folks moved outta houses they camped there and they cooked in there and go in out the {X} He had a house rented then niggers was sleeping in it. And he'd wake up every morning and ring twelve and one o'clock at night and wake 'em up, they was using mules then building roads with mules and wheelers and wagons and things. So he go down, had a big stick. Hit on the wall of the house. {X} {X} Get out goddamn get out, get out. Boy was waking up there two- two and three o'clock at night and have to get out there and get clothes on, catch them mules and had to give one to ms Daisy {NW} {D: go to work}. {NW} Say he went out one night and he beat on the side of the house said nigger was in there. Old man Gus walked off to {X} Niggers have this goddamn man with {D: creek} coming around here #1 every morning. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: Waking us up this time #1 of night. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 434: And one of them other niggers told the boss man about it, told old man Gus {D: Gus} Said old man Gus come early that next night. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {NS} He walked up there, he slammed the door. {D: Come back, come back} Get on the ground, get on the- come outta there. And he went walking this way like he going but a nigger thought he'd gone. He hears that walking just stomping like he's walking off {X} {X} wish that goddamn man would {X} Uh-huh I hear that. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # He said keep that door- Interviewer: {NW} 434: Said {NW} niggers was running out of the house before {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Oh # 434: #2 {NW} # Said {D: he hopped just like a chicken when you break his pace}. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Said run to the line said some of them had the mule by his tail. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Ain't gonna let no folks go out there {X} 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: Ah that {X} I say some of them men both foots down, one leg is {D: over on the other now} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {NW} {D: I said} {NW} And he sent a man up a tree {D: there in the forest}. And the- He say you see him? He say yes {X} I see him. Catch him! Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He- he saying Bobby! Catch him! {NW} So he ran towards it catching that horse and got him right by the hand. That nigger was hollering come up here Captain Gus they got me! {NW} Come up here! Come up here! {D: He got me} Said- he said throw him down. He said come up here! He got me! He said throw him down! That nigger's taking his {D: can, pour some right on his hand this way} Interviewer: {NW} 434: That why he hear that {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He {D: sat in that boss's lap, in his hand} he went well. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} That boy said {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Lord have mercy. I had a lot of {X} out of old Captain Gus. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {D: Veer} did too. He went on {D: for the car} and poured whiskey in his {D: coffin}. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {NW} {B} forbade him too, but he said go in the other room. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Is that true {B}? {B} want no parts of Captain Gus. Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 {NW} # Aux: I sat him down on the toilet, no thank you! Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 434: And he just thought the world of me but I was scared of him. Yes sir I was scared of that man. {NS} And he wore his hat down over one of his eyes. Looked like a {X} {D: He tell me} Coon wants you. You see a coon laying up tree and he has his eyes closed {D: opened 'em} just see a little bit of red {X} But he put his hat over his right eye. And he had that other eye- I don't know what kind of {X} {D: Hit that} coach whip. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {X} {NW} And they come out there to wrestle mules. The law from Troy went out to right here to take some mules, they was closing out a road camp. {D: He took past the mules} and wouldn't let him have 'em. Well you see, they didn't want to kill 'em. And that's what they'd had done after got them mules. They had to kill 'em. So they didn't have to {X} They said I reckon them and one of them and the mules wasn't worth somebody getting killed about you know. That old- my man Gus was mean he- He'da shot 'em. And uh they'd of had to kill him {X} And they had a big old boy- fine looking boy, got's a- {D: Go go with him} Captain Gus got some mean {X} his folks were scared of him. A nice family. And his wife was scared of him and his childrens I reckon all was scared of him and he had to leave. Left. And I was cooking for some boys. come outta {D: Dawny} up here in Grady. Made a pot of camp stew for 'em. And I kept hearing them in the house hollering {B} boy {B} boy {B} boy now. {D: Seen a little} slender white boy walking around in there, black head and had that coach whip look in the eye and a hat hung over his right eye just like his daddy you know and foreign looking young man and he come walking out to the pothole I was. I said I keep hearing them talk about {B} boy {B} boy in there. I said is you in relation to the {B} around here? He said I don't know! He said do you know Uncle Jimmy? I said yes sir I know him. Said I was raised at his house, I stayed there from six years old on up and 'til I got a {X} Did you know Uncle {D: Lace} {B} I said yeah I knowed him. Uncle George? Yeah. Uncle John? I said I knowed all of them. Did you ever know mr Gus {B}? Yes sir. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I can tell he think {X} He said well that's my father. I said you didn't know you was talking to your first cousin did you? Interviewer: {NW} 434: He said no, I said this {B} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He went in the house, told his mother. He said mother I found some of our kin folks- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # And she come out and when I told her all about those {B} And I told her I'm {D: Yellow's} first cousin. I'm that boy's first cousin. And he pulled out a silver dollar and handed it to me. Said {B} keep this in remembrance of me. I kept it about six months. Interviewer: {NW} 434: I let somebody have it and- 'til I could get another dollar and {X} there while I got the h- I got the other dollar from another fellow and couldn't get none over with so I lost it! {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 434: I- Now cooked all that {X} barbecue. Twelve hundred pounds of meat. Made three pots of camp stew. And I was on the airplane show. In {D: Troy} and they take my pictures. Toting hams and shoulders and a big butcher knife, I'd be going to the table with a shoulder of meat, they'd catch my picture you know and- And then I played the guitar and they put me on air. And a white lady {X} they got it over there and she said {B} I saw you on TV the other night and I jumped all over the place. And they thought I- my name being {B} they thought I was {B} in some office in the army #1 {D: and there was something there} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: {NS} {D: They thought I was that nigger with that plan to cut him off} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # They said he thought I was some {B} and some nigger {X} in the army so- and I was over there plowing old mule. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} Yes sir I've had a lot of experience with white folk. I've been with more white folks {X} colors, I reckon they deal in this whole community I- There used to be an old sheriff up there at Grady. He was tough old man and I'd go up there and there's so many different white folks just he got to notice me. And one day he said to me he said I see you with more different white folks then I ever see'd a nigger in my life. He says what kind of fellow are you? I said I don't know. {NW} {D: What kind are you?} {X} And he got to worry he just like me, I go to Grady and didn't have no tag on my car {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Didn't have no license. {NW} {X} Now {B} sheriff {D: owns}. And the highway patrol would come up. And I was in the store. I see them walk over there to one of the clerks and say who's car is that out there? Had my leg {X: fold on}- a hole in the- glass in the front of it. In the windshield. So I could stick my hand through there, that's the way I {D: drill} with a five cell flashlight at night. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I see'd that light through that hole. Every time when I went to meeting somebody I'd stop. And 'til they passed and then I'd pull back in the road, cut my light on and was gone. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NS} the tag had rusted off back there behind the window. Now the police back there for the tag Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I seed him over there talking to him and I heard one of the men say that's Big Nigger's car. And they went to laughing, the store people {X} and he come over. He said {B} that your car? I said yes sir. He said you got any license? He said where's your tag? I said I don't have none. Got no license? I said yes sir. Boys, I see 'em standing on- {NS} I was gonna outrun him. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # He couldn't help but laugh when I told him I set it on {X} He said, let me tell you one thing. Interviewer: {NW} 434: You get that car home, put there in your backyard and you didn't {X} He- you get some {X} in {D: that tank of your's} I said yes sir. I {D: driv} it back {C: pronunciation of drove} {X} {D: and driv on the} {pronunciation of drove} red light there's- and didn't have no brakes and I tried to stop here and went back down through town backwards. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {NW} {NW} When you messing with the clutch that's when you can go traveling {D: didn't showed up} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {X} {NW} {X} People was jumping out the car and holding {B} boys {B} holding {NW} and he popped the car and got on the side of my car and slowed it down. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # And them white folks outside of my car to slow it down on there and pushed it into the village, they left me sitting up there. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I got out and walked up to him. Interviewer: {NW} 434: When I come back the man had put some brakes on it. {NW} I didn't charge him nothing. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: I had three cars and ain't never had no license, didn't have tags. I think I finally got one tag. {NW} {D: Driv} {C: pronunciation of drove} all over the country. All these churches round here didn't have no horn, I'd meet folks in the road, {D: you'd hear me say} {NW} {X} {NW} My wife got to where she didn't want to ride with me. I'd pass by folks, I said {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I'd {D: ask for direction} And I'd cook for 'em and everybody put a car in my yard, I got to {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I had an eight pound lard bucket. {NW} And I got through with it- when I got their suppers done I'd go round there {D: with Carter} and get me some gas. And put it in mine. He didn't care you know, he didn't care- And I left a man {X} in the median down there. Said below Shady Grove and cook some squash for him late one evening and a bunch had gone out squirrel hunting. And they wanted to cook the squirrels in the swamp. And they ask me to go down there meet 'em to fry the squirrel. I had a gallon of gas when I left the house. I got down here to Shady Grove I {D: called all this young} honey. Old Honey had a brand new car. I said Honey? He said uh-huh? Let me have a gallon of gas. He said you got any way to get it? I said I keep a way to get it out of other folks' car. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} He said get you a gallon. I got my tube and set my bucket back there. drawed a {D: mile of gas} The preacher from Shady Grove he's standing there. I have a quarter and gas was fifteen or twenty cents and I handed it over so I was just handing it back to him. Preacher sees. I went on up to the preacher and I said reverend? He said uh-huh? Let me have a gallon of gas. He says Got a way to get it {X} I said yes sir, I'll draw you out a gallon. I drawed him out a- a gallon, I hand him a quarter, he hand it back to me. I went on and cooked the squash for him and the man down there know him. I told him my gas was short and he come up on a hill and put his car on a hillside {D: just waiting} I got three gallons out of his. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And he wouldn't take the quarter. Interviewer: {NW} 434: I come on across the creek over there and run up on a poor man. Didn't have nothing and he had a car and I saw- I stopped there, he knowed me and I said mr {D: Miller} he said yeah, what about a gallon of gas? Yeah hot dang, you can get mine. I went down drawing and got- didn't get a half-gallon and he took my quarter. {NW} I left my quarter there with him. He didn't say drive off and take your quarter with you. {NW} {NW} I left Shady Grove one night and the- bunch of colored people would hang around the hobo mill up the road you know, the ride. Come home, they lived {X} Cutting that curve there they all the {D: mole} got on one side of the truck and they did the other and I {D: decided that} swing out on that side of the road and when I did my wheels hit the soft dirt. And I just put the- {X} being on that side was just pulling them right over there in the ditch. And there's a briar patch just along side of the fence and all the plum bushes and things. And I heard the back of the truck hit the bush {NW} {D: that's what you're doing} I looked back. Man this nigger's hanging on that fence like clothes. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: {NW} Thought he had jumped out of. {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 434: I stopped the truck, I said y'all want a ride? No! Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 I didn't mean to do 'em that way but- # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # but that thing that pulled him over too far. {NW} Well miss {X} {B} told me to tell all of the boys. We can get all the wood we want out of his pasture and he'll come over there and he'll go with us and he got a powerful saw and he'll help cut it. Green or dry he said it don't make no difference to him, he had plenty of it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 We going to- # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: We gonna get together out here Friday now. 434: Right. Interviewer: You ready aren't you? 434: That's right. And he told him to tell 'em. David was there. David went with me over there. He told David he said he got a big power saw and I got green wood. I got dry wood. Cut either one you want. Interviewer: What kind of wood we need to put under that- 434: Oak. Interviewer: #1 Green or dry? # 434: #2 You need oak. # We need oak wood to- Interviewer: Green or dry? 434: That's r- any of it. Green {D: yourself} you get the fire started. Any of it will burn. But we got to burn that pot out. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Get it cleaned out. Well we may have to borrow a pot. If we can't get it like we want it, we'll get us a pot somewhere else. Interviewer: We can clean it. We get it clean. 434: See get it red hot and burn it out, that's all it need. Interviewer: Yeah I'll bring some cleaning stuff- 434: {X} {D: over there} we- me and David's over there the other day at his- {NS} got a great big pasture he said he got a little old bottom {D: lab} where there's oak trees any size we wanted. And he'd help cut it. And he'd let his truck {X} That's fair enough, wasn't it? Interviewer: Sure is. When do you want to go buy the meat? Thursday? 434: Whenever you come out- whenever you get ready we'll get the meat. See we can get the meat and throw it right in that freezer until we get ready to cook it. Interviewer: Um. Okay. Where do you want to go buy it? 434: It's the best {X} you can get it- might get it cheaper where that butcher at. What do you call that house? Where they slaughter- Interviewer: Slaughter house? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Slaughter house? 434: Yes. Interviewer: They wouldn't have any hens there though would they? 434: I don't think they have hens there. But your pork meats, you might get it cheaper to go there and buy it than you would at these supermarkets and places. Interviewer: Yeah. Isn't there a slaughter house in {D: Vernage}? Yeah. There's one out there- out in Troy too. Outside of Troy I believe, going out toward uh {D: Agoshia} A slaughter house on the Henderson Road, isn't it? What's that road- what's the road that goes across right there at uh- You know where {D: Hepsa} the church is? Uh-huh. Bottom of the road. After you pass {D: Hepsa} the church on out there about four mile there's a slaughter house on the right. 434: They says there's two colored fellow got killed over there lived in a {X} last night I reckon Last night. They're- come over the hill somewhere and run into a white woman. Killed both of them. Two brothers in the car, two nigger brothers. In the car and says they looking for the white lady that died. I don't whether she had died or not but they killed them right there. {X} There's a holes, knocked me in one of them side ten he was driving I reckon he's still in there- Interviewer: Yeah. 434: And the other one {X} killed him too and said {NW} you could smell the whiskey all around where the {X} Drunk. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Now they killed a- this poor white lady {D: nana} was sober. No doubt didn't have nothing in 'em, was just going home or someplace and drunks just run a head collision into it. He sees it. Drunk peoples kills peoples that don't even drink. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: {NS} And that's devil will get strict on that law. People will open up down the road under the influence and they could- c- they crazy enough without whiskey. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # When you get something that mess your brains up 'til you don't know what you done or not you're in bad shape. That's what they were, just boys with a bootlegger. He made whiskey. {NS} Well that ends his career you know. And I was standing here the other night {D: watching it} Telling my wife what sin would do. {NS} Sin will make you kill yourself. Sin will make you kill somebody. Sin'll break up your home. Sin'll make you disrespect your fellow man. And sin will keep you at the end of sin's death. That's what the Bible says. At the end of all sin is death. Well you see these boys was sin. I told my wife just as quick as- as Christ can snatch you away to be with- God can snatch you away from the sinful people to be at home with Jesus. It's that quick that them mens went to hell in that car. Interviewer: {D: Great}. 434: {D: Yes sir} Get in the cellar that quick. See when you go down in your house off of this floor then you go down in the cellar. {NW} And a lot of peoples when you put 'em in the ground they in the cellar. {NS} And they never get up no more into- after the rapture. Interviewer: That bootleg whiskey must not be much good is it? 434: What was that? Interviewer: That bootleg whiskey- is that pretty strong stuff? 434: See that- that bootleg whiskey- Interviewer: Here comes somebody I don't know. 434: {D: What was that?} Interviewer: Who is it driving a blue pickup? 434: {D: Maybe Ed} {NS} Interviewer: Going in that pasture, the bottom pasture I believe. {NS} 434: They went on back? Interviewer: Went to that pasture down toward the chicken house. 434: Oh that's {X} {NS} That's old man {D: John} {NS} {X} deal with whiskey you know. All whiskey'll make you drunk, won't it? Interviewer: {X} I've ever heard of. {NS} 434: I was telling them last night about a preacher eat dinner with one of his deacons. and the deacon told him- asked him would he take a drink with him. Preacher told him no, I couldn't drink. And he told his wife now I just got to have a little shot. {D: And said} So uh I didn't have the appetite to eat and said you pour some little whiskey in that milk on the table and that way the preacher can't smell it on me so much. They sat down table and start eating. And the preacher got eating on it, take another bite, {D: let him} swallow the milk {NW} sit there a little bit, the milk tasted good to him. He dranked up that glass of milk, he said more milk please. Lady poured him another glass of milk. And he drank that. Sit there {D: for a minute and then} he said more milk please. And he drank about four glasses of that milk. He feeling good when he got through. So he went out on the porch and washed his hands wiping his hands. {X} When the deacon come walking out he says Deacon. {D: How much} {X} take for that cow? He got- Deacon said she ain't for sale, that's the only one I got. He said if she ever have a heifer calf I want it. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 He thought that cow- # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He thought that cow was giving that kind of milk. {C: laughter} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} He thought that cow'd give him milk, make him feel however he wanted, that cow. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # If she ever have a heifer calf he sure wants her. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} 434: He- {NW} {NW} I told old boy once I asked him about going hunting with me. And he just married. A great big old fat short gal, she's- big old chunky girl you know. And she come there while me and him was talking and sit down there on the step. He said honey? Said uh-huh? Go out there and spent the night with Floyd, I wanna go hunting {B} She sat there a little bit and me and him kept talking and she never did say what she doing. He said will you go out there and spent the night with Floyd? And she was mad, she commence to swelling you know. She got bigger and bigger. Her face commence at getting red and- and he kept begging at her, why? She says I won't do it. And he said yes you will. She said I won't. He said I reckon by god you will. Says that I won't! If I'd known he's going to treat me this way I'd stay at home! He said by god, know much about you I do now {D: left you there} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Hell when I got through with him on that night I bet he'd wished he'd listened at his wife. {NW} {NW} That boy hunting with me that night, the preacher's legs split open. And he had on shorts and it was cold. {X} And I got in a mud pond that night- an old mud mash-y place, and I stayed in there about three hours. Before I could get out. Finally I found my way out of that mud place and when I did the wind had changed then and got in the North. And the leaves began to rattle with ice on 'em. And I- well I had on my pair of eighteen-inch boots. And I was wet up above my boots and my feets wasn't wet but that mud and stuff is sloshed on it. And I come down over the road 'til there's a plant down in a ditch, some old bridge had fell in. And I just had enough light to get there and I didn't have any other piece of light. There wasn't nothing for me to do but lay there for days and it was cold. And that boy lay there that night with his leg out {NW} {X} come out the swamp. {NW} He- We had our mules out there in that barn. And the man that lived here said if he knowed which one was mules that {X} going out there and turn him out and run him over! {NW} If I tell you never mentioned hunting with me no more. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: {D: Loved his} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: {X} Interviewer: {B} General gonna hang with him? Aux: {NW} {D: What we're trying to do.} {D: You tell me that at the wrong time.} 434: {X} Aux: {X} Interviewer: Lost you? Aux: #1 Am I # Interviewer: #2 You mean- # Aux: sleepy? Interviewer: Cuz you're sleepy? Aux: I got sleepy and- and I- 434: {NW} Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 434: See I tell her to keep the fire 'til I come back to it #1 and she goes {X} and let the fire go out. # Aux: #2 He build fires- # 434: Well I couldn't find it in the dark. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And once I woke up on her Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 And she's sleeping- # When she woke up I was standing there blowing my horn. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {X} Interviewer: {NW} I bet- Aux: #1 I ain't going # Interviewer: #2 he {D: seen her-} # Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NW} But you thought that {D: of Gable} didn't you? Aux: #1 Oh no. # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Aux: It scared me to death. 434: I used to hunt with these boys that'd go to sleep- I- I would have been ten myself. They bad to go to sleep and- soon as you stop they just fall right down and go to sleep and I'd rake up pine straw {NW} and make a little road right to his foot. And I'd set that pine straw on fire. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # That's how {C: laughter} {X} Sometimes I would have it go to his hand. His hand would be laying out there {X} I see you {X} coming off. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # That part of the fire {X} go out you know. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Some of 'em wake up and cry. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # And- {D: three or four of them night} just kept, caught a fire on his head. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Lord have mercy I had more fun one night. I woke up and my boot strings had {X} {D: loose.} Interviewer: {NW} 434: {D: They had-} they had a laugh on me then, I'd get paid for what I'd done. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} {D: I wrote} used to be old white boy higher than me and Larry {B} Billy {B}, Bobo {B} {X} Billy {B} I mean Billy {B} and Bobo and Larry and had a great big old stomping. Boy hunted with us and he wouldn't help make a fire at night or nothing. And soon as the fire died down he'd come right up and get right over between them boys and the fire. And he just had to freeze them to death, when they wake #1 up they freezing. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: And a- they were scared of that big old boy, he could whup 'em. And I tell 'em, I said boys if y'all wanna whoop that boy cut you a good stick and hit him right cross the knees just as hard as you can hit him. You see you hit cross the knees he's a weakened then you know and he'll drop down then pull him Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 over the head with it. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {D: When he get down y'all} beat the tar {D: out of him.} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # That- they scared they wouldn't get him hard enough to bring him down. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # If he {X} them boys and- I woke up one night and Billy was lying right next to me. Then I I woke up and this big old fat one fixing to sit down right in Billy's face. And Billy remained close to the fire, he's fixing to sit down right in his face, I said {D: get off there} boy, you {D: fixing to} sit down on this boy here. I woke up one night and he'd stepped over between me and the fire. I woke up cold. Interviewer: {NW} 434: I didn't say nothing to him. I went on out through woods and I found old lighter stump about this high had big old ribs to it and tar running out it and it had rotted off in the ground and I just jerked it out, great big roots and carried it up there and piled it down before I put {X} on the fire, got it all up there and then I laid it on the fire. Tar went running out it. And when he started {X} I said I ain't gonna let him catch a fire but {D: I'm gonna run and quick get in the} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 434: I laid there and watched it {D: after a while} I see his pants begin to smoke. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He had big old thick lips. I see'd his lips go stretching out that way. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I didn't {D: made that, just watched it} {NW} {D: smoking all up here} {X} {NW} And when he moved he'd touch it. And it was hot. {NW} He said goddamn you cotton boy {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} I said no I just want you to quit getting ahead of everybody. {X} {D: I just wanna} {X} him up. Well I broke him from getting ahead of me. {X} Go out there and hear {D: men say} {X} I wouldn't wake him up. Near that fire, made that fire wake him up. Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 It's- # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: I was hunting one night and this fellow come to me, I heard him hollering. And I could hear him talking. My dogs were running, I thought somebody was with him. And I maybe come tell me he was drunk. He come out of {D: Helekkin} over there, come through them swamp. Drunk. Come tell me, me and a white fellow running the coon. And I- He comes staggering up there and they- and the dogs was trailing right up the creek. We was walking old fish trail up the bank of the creek and he was behind us, staggering around back there. And the creek made a bend. Come around this way. Well when he got to where that bend was me and this white fellow had walked on round the bend when he got there he caught hisself gonna straighten out that bend. {NW} He stepped right over in the creek. {NW} We heard something back there {NW} {D: I hear} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {X} hadn't floated on top of the water. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He just went under. {X} on top of the water. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He comes walking to the bank. {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He gets up on the bank and caught a bush. And he comes walking up the bank near the bush, climbed up {D: climbed up there} Just soon as he got his front feet up on the ground top come out of the bush right by {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I {D: see'd} that {D: tee} come out and I told the white fellow I said the dog's getting away. You stay here with this fellow bringing him on and I'll go on and trail the coon and I- y'all can come to me, he said alright. After a while the white fellow called me. I said, what, the other man was drunk. He said hell last time I hear he waiting to {D: leak} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 He- # Then- {C: laughter} and then when I had that swamp we leaked into that swamp. And lord, he'd {X} half the creek. {NW} And he went out. Me and him trailed the coon and it was way up the swamp. He come down through there the next morning Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 about # daylight. Hand bleed- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {X} He had a big fire he come down and steal up all the fire {X} I said {D: oh you still got a while to feel} right cross the fire. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} {D: He-} he told 'em he never gonna hunt with {B} no more. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # He ain't been with me no more either. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} 434: {NW} Lord have mercy. Interviewer: {NW} You used to hunt a lot didn't you General? 434: Yes sir I used to hunt {X} I used to hunt- Interviewer: What all's good to hunt around here? 434: What? Interviewer: What all's good to hunt around here? 434: Coon. Cat, fox. {NS} I bird hunted. I hunted with mens come out of Montgomery. They'd go bird hunting you know and they'd give me shells and I'd go hunting with 'em. And I couldn't kill no birds flying. That they flew the way I sho- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # And- these mens could kill birds And I wait 'til he shoot and I shoot at the bird fallen were he killed. He said {B} you got them? I said yes sir. {NW} I wouldn't even touch it. And a man come down there to go hunting with me. There's a white fellow told me, said {B} This man and- getting to come down here for you to go hunting with him. He can't miss a birdie. I don't believe he could miss a bird if he tried. And he come down there one morning, got there about {X} sun up. Said {B} this is mr Taylor he come down here. Mr Carter told on you to take him out hunting today. I told him yeah. I had a good gun and he had plenty of shells. I said well I can't kill no birds. {D: I think if I kill this} fellow when the {X} Good hunters over there plain could kill birds. And I {X} {D: and told him- bald} man man over there named Chris {B} And he went- he went for a crack shot, he had one of these big pump guns you know and those good {D: boy} dog. And I had a good boy dog. {X} Got over there and this man- dogs got to trailing birds and it was hot and the birds wouldn't stick. They'd get up before the dog could point. And this fellow went to shooting anyhow and this colored fellow's come to me and said ain't nothing to him, you can kill {NS} I said {X} And I don't know why them boys got to where- he said when you shoot out in front and off that way get 'em scared they begin to stick, they won't fly up so quick. And this dog was getting the point. And he walk up there where them {NS} boys was {NS} {D: What the hell?} Interviewer: {D: Oh it's Turner, I got to go.} Aux: {X} 434: Hello, hello! Come on in! Aux #2: {X} got the store {D: And I want to come see him} 434: Lord have mercy. Aux #2: You know me? 434: Sure I do, this is the baby girl ain't it? Aux #2: That's right. 434: {NW} Come on in here ms {D: Barbara} {X} Listen uh mr Ed here and I can't call this one {B} Aux #2: How do you do? Glad to know you- 434: Lord have mercy, this is the baby girl. Aux #2: Yeah {B} {NW} You all look a bit older than the last time I saw you. 434: Well sure. #1 Y- y- you know how they started calling me big nigger? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: {X} Aux: #1 Yeah # 434: #2 {NW} # Aux: And {D: Tay I totally} saw you on TV, I said Tay why didn't you call me? She said well I was just so interested in {B} was so good I just couldn't get up from the TV to 434: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 call nobody. # 434: {NW} {NS} Aux #3: Dang General 434: #1 {X} # Aux #3: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 # Aux #3: #2 # 434: Couldn't trouble a bit. Come on in and have a seat. Aux #2: You had a Christmas weekend this weekend right? 434: I'm having- you know this is my children come here, I got several boy-. Aux #2: Hi y'all. Interviewer: Hi. 434: #1 Come on in this is- # Aux #2: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux #2: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Aux #2: #2 # 434: #1 And this is- this is ms {X} young sister. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Oh. Very {D: kind} of you # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 to bring Marvin back. # Aux: #2 {X} # Aux #3: {X} Aux #4: We just got all of the little {X} you know Interviewer: #1 Yes. # Aux #4: #2 I- I- # reckon y'all do. And Bob hadn't seen him in so long he said I'm getting so feeble I just- Aux #2: {D: asked} Aux #4: got to go see {B} Well I said okay. Sit down there Bob and talk to him. 434: Yeah I'm so glad you come out, you know it? Me and him used to sing. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: Me and him used to sing when the road is cold up yonder {X} {NW} Interviewer: Don't reckon you can get that through together again on Friday night do you? 434: I wish we could. Interviewer: And sing that song again. 434: Yeah then- Interviewer: I'd love to hear that. Aux: #1 {D: Yeah} # 434: #2 Yes # Bob and them used to sing that song. Aux: I want to ask him, did you know Ollie and #1 {X} # Aux #4: #2 {X} # 434: {D: Sure.} Joelle was telling me about it. Aux #4: Well I didn't know if you knew or not. I didn't want to inter- Aux: {X} 434: Well you see I- Aux: #1 {X} # Aux #4: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {X} # Aux #4: #2 somewhere- some of that road down into a- # A nurse. Aux: #1 {X} # Aux #4: #2 and head on # Aux: #1 {X} # Aux #4: #2 {X} # 434: #1 Well you see that now, that poor woman- # Aux #4: #2 {X} # Aux: {X} 434: Exactly. That's right. Aux #4: See I know them {D: things} 434: #1 They out # Aux #4: #2 {X} # 434: #1 somewhere drunk. # Aux #4: #2 {X} # the bathroom. 434: Well Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 {X} # Aux #4: Are you recording that? Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Aux #4: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: Joelle said that they said where the car had already got you you could smell the whiskey before you got. Aux #4: Well don't let {D: Reb} walk in {X} Aux #3: Get away from there or not. Interviewer: Alright. Aux #4: I don't want nobody to know that I said {X} Interviewer: #1 No not at all. # Aux #4: #2 I didn't know # he was recording that {D: did you?} Interviewer: No that's alright. It's just- it's just for my use. Aux #3: This is a- Interviewer: Just tell you, we're doing a- Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 a language # Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux #4: You better find out somebody might {X} Interviewer: {D: Nah} Aux #4: So where's that at? I didn't know that was going on. Interviewer: It won't- that won't- don't worry about that. Aux: Well- 434: {D: So this fire?} Aux #5: Yeah. 434: Sit down in our chair, it's been a- the last time I see'd you, you was cutting hair. You don't cut none now. Aux #5: Yeah I do. 434: You ever cut a nigger's hair? Aux #5: No. 434: {NW} {NW} How would you start to cut a nigger's hair? Aux #5: I don't know. 434: {NW} Aux #5: {D: Because well I had the preacher stop with me yesterday} wanted a haircut. I turned him down. Aux: {B} Buckets of {X} They already did- 434: Who? Aux: You. 434: {NW} I was telling him- you know what I tell him about y'all? Aux: What? 434: I told the boys you know them children didn't suffer for nothing that they was too lazy to go at. #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 {NW} # Aux #5: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 # Aux #5: #2 # 434: Well these two gentlemens here miss {D: Barbara} You know uh ever since you knowing me I've been dealing with white folks. Aux #5: Yeah. 434: {D: Ain't you?} And I done got to {D: the first night} I tell him I ain't no nigger, I'm a black Jew. Aux #5: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # I'm the only black Jew in this country. Interviewer: {NW} Aux #5: Uh-huh. 434: {NW} Aux #5: {NW} 434: Yes lord, yeah lord, glad to see you- I'm #1 glad to see you. # Aux #5: #2 {X} # 434: You see I been knowing him ever since him and his child {X} I've known who mr Young is, used to lead these children to Sunday school. Aux: #1 This is some # Interviewer: #2 That right? # Aux: tomato sauce you eat with peas and turnip greens. And things and 434: #1 And fresh meat. # Aux: #2 {X} # We had it spiced up you know. With uh nutmeg and {X} and onions and hot peppers, everything you eat with us. Anything you wanna eat I'm putting it on the table, you hear? 434: Okay thank you. Thank you. Thank you. You see I these childrens here- all this and this girl #1 here and- # Aux #5: #2 Are y'all # coy? 434: #1 He's # Interviewer: #2 Alright # 434: taping some of my conversation. Interviewer: {NW} Aux #5: Now? 434: Yeah. Aux: {X} 434: {NW} 434: That's a man {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux #2: #2 {X} # 434: I ain't asked him what he calls 'em cuz it wasn't none of my business. {NW} Aux #2: {X} 434: I appreciate- Aux #2: We gonna go now so they can fix it. Interviewer: No no we're through. We're through with this. Aux #2: But {X} Interviewer: Don't leave- Aux: You're not gonna be on there {D: Holton} Interviewer: No no, don't worry, don't worry about that. 434: Hell if y'all on there you my childrens. Aux #2: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Aux #3: {NW} Aux #2: {NW} Where are y'all gonna put that on? 434: {NW} Interviewer: Ma'am? Aux #2: Where are y'all gonna put that on? Down here- Interviewer: Oh we're not gonna put it on. It's just 434: #1 He just # Interviewer: #2 something # 434: gonna play that hisself. Aux #2: Oh he is? 434: {D: Yeah.} Aux #2: Well if y'all ever have him on again I want to know it. Interviewer: We're going to. We're going to have him on again. We're gonna have a- Aux #2: If I can make him Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux #2: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 big town {D: stew} meeting. # Aux #2: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Ah yes. Aux: Y'all {D: see it here} Interviewer: Friday night you know I think we might film some of that. Aux #2: #1 Bye. # Aux: #2 {X} # Aux #2: #1 We're gonna go. # Aux: #2 {X} # Aux #2: We gonna see- 434: #1 Listen. # Aux #2: #2 Look # I've seen this {D: Maude} Rich you know, she's not well. 434: She ain't? Aux #2: {X} 434: You hear what he said now? Aux #2: Uh-huh. We're going- 434: We're gonna have a calf {X} here on Friday night and we left the meat Aux #2: #1 keep it around {X} # 434: #2 You know what {X} let's go. Well # Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux #2: #2 If I could have- # Interviewer: #1 Don't do that, woah. # Aux #2: #2 {X} # 434: Well see they gonna have plenty of wood, you tell Honey. Aux: Okay. 434: #1 Ms {D: Dobry} # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: said we could get all the wood we wanted and uh Edgar Lee said he'd take his truck and bring a load. Aux #2: Okay. 434: And Honey'll get a load, David Adam'll- David Jonathan bring a load in the winter and it can stay in the house if its cold. Aux #2: Yeah. 434: We'll build them a fire cuz we gonna sing all night. Aux #2: {NW} 434: #1 Me and mr Barber # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: you know when this roof had a- we had that Aux: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 {NW} # 434: And mr Sanders said {B} What could we do to get these boys to sing like they sing in the night? I said get 'em drunk like you #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # We had a supper for eight {B} he was in 434: #1 That's right! # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # Aux #4: #1 Well {D: Ted} keep doing alright now. # Aux: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # 434: #2 Yes man, glad to see y'all! # Aux #2: #1 {X} # Aux #4: #2 Bye. # 434: Any time y'all can come, come on! Aux #2: Okay! Will do! 434: You see it? Brought over and then went back! Interviewer: Yeah. 434: In Shady Grove, y'all stay there? Aux #4: #1 Yeah! # Aux #2: #2 {X} # I'll tell you what. You can leave Shady Grove {X} if you were born and raised here. 434: That's right. Aux: That only child Honey stayed all that long time to- My heart was right. 434: {NW} Aux #2: Person came down one time when I staying down near {X} there in- in California, I said don't come {X} me about it to me, I said if I'd known, I'd die. His old bones born back- 434: {NW} Aux: {X} 434: Y'all have to call this real Shady Grove. {NW} {NS} Now you talking about a girl who used to cook things. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Boy you talking about a good use for {X} that last one went offa this porch. It took three boys to chase her when she was {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} Boy that girl could skip over a floor like a squirrel hopping from one tree to the other. Man she could dip- she could dip under boys' arm and when he lowered them things she was sticking out of his chin somewhere, he had to- {NW} When a boy dance with her he- he rested the next day cuz he had Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 434: They had a fellow playing a piano there. They brought in from {D: Lou Verne} And I'd been playing the piano down there, they- them- their children had piano at they house and they- sometimes me and Bill both would be up there for supper. Eat supper with them childrens. And they daddy and mother. And I played the piano. Preaching it to old campground. Oh they just get a kick out of it And me and bill was leaving here and old- old Honey come up here evening and said {B} I said yeah. Then he walked up there he said hey Big Nigger! I said yeah? You wanna go help me {X} night? I said yeah. Now get ready and come on, there's one down there at my house. I got ready and went on down there and I see'd a nigger walking around in there. Little tall slender fellow with long hands and a- I said right now that nigger can play. And can he sing? Ah he was singing and can't play worth nothing. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And the Reids up and come up there to mr Young's. And that nigger sat down to a piano up there. {NS} Spreads his hands out and brought 'em together. And he sitting there looking at it. {NS} And he'd taken his coat off and laid it in my lap. This girl {D: here} well she was there Paul {B} {X} and his wife was there. Otis had married and him and his wife were there and we had a pretty good little set up in the house there. And this nigger started playing the piano. And he got playing about the lazy bones. Sleeping in the sun old something or other like that. And he could just walk over to the piano, now you talking about a nigger could sweep a piano, he could sweep one. {NW} And he told me he said put my coat under the piano. Well I'd knowed the Shady Grove boy. {X} instead of him getting drunk he's getting too far along on this ice. See these boys beat up this man that night. He says throw my coat under the piano. And I didn't do it. And he'd taken his coat off and {X} under the piano and went under and played up over his head. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And I didn't know I was patting my foot. Everybody was dancing and I had on a pair of old hard heel shoes and when I'd do anything I'd keep that Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # {X} right up under the piano with it. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And they dance, it was cold. And that girl left out here her hair- you couldn't get water out of her head. Now they just- they just like to have a fit there that night. {NW} And I- he- He was- the old step coming around they called him Charleston. And he asked, said miss, will you take the decoration off the piano? She told him yes. She just danced around there and she wouldn't stop dancing. She just danced around, grabbed a vase and a thing that stuff was on on the piano just getted it up and just chunked it over there and just kept dancing. {NS} You and that nigger got on stuck his heels up on top of that piano and put his back on the stool. And he played {D: Old Lundy} Interviewer: {NW} 434: And didn't miss a note. And they throw money up on the piano and that nigger pick up that money off that piano and played right home while he {NW} {NS} Well that just went near that broke me up from the piano, I didn't know nothing about no Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 piano # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # yeah you sit down one. And all this his daddy was in the other room. And all this dancing around {X} and he say his daddy sitting up in the bed, peeping in there. And he's hollering in there get your clothes on dad and come out! I know you can't stand it. Old man yonder put on his pants and come in the room where they was. And this nigger whooping that piano you know and {NS} all of a sudden those boys going around back and start to kicking him {X} he wanted to dance so bad he just got {X} {D: his feet.} {X} just have a fit then he went out. And he looked in there and his mother was sitting up in the bed. He said get up mommy! I know you can't stand, she come in. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And this- this man told him he said wife! It's about eleven or twelve o'clock now, I want you to play a hot one. And he went in there and got equipped and put the piano in his bed he called it. Covered them notes up with a quilt. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 That nigger # played on top of them- that quilt. And when he done that that set the {D: set the flame afire showing up} now having to go to the door and the- we had- had a saying down there in our church and our church members had come along there and they had never heared no piano rattle like that one was doing. And they had called up in {D: your} Otis' yard. And that nigger whooping that piano and all of us went to the door, them niggers had his yard tore up like hogs were hooting out there. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {D: Told} he had that boy's yard tore up # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 They {D: paid} him. # Putting up grass out there in they yard. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {X} {NW} Otis say you went out there to one of the pecan trees that they {X} and there where you're standing out there they whip that tree. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {NW} Otis went there and going around that tree. Swinging that tree, it looked like where you had a horse tied up there. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: {NW} And I know they wasn't through to let that nigger go to a nigger house and play. {NW} And this colored woman had a piano up the road there and them there folks would hear them- the colored peoples heared him play down there they got him a party up there. And when we got up there that night me and Vere went with him there, he stayed at our house {X} but I was living right here and he'd come up here and spend the night and we left went to {X} And there was cars parked from where that house was far- here about yond- yellow that color. That white one with the brick horn on each side of the house. And a nigger bootlegging whiskey in front gate 434: #1 {D: had a gallon too} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: He had a gallon jug standing at the front gate selling whiskey. And she was gonna charge ten cent at the door. But she let the piano player in first. And when he hit them notes, she got thirty cent. {NW} And they'd have pushed that woman back in the water of the house, she got thirty cent and that house was shaking Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # It's a wonder they didn't tear it down. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And I told that nigger that night, I never go nowheres with him to play that {X} Well that nigger fixing to have me trying to go back dancing again. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Now he could play a piano and the- he left here and got in jail. And he sent for all of us to get him out but see he didn't know nothing but play a piano and all of us couldn't keep him here just to play a piano you know and- Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 434: That's a terrible nigger. Now he could scratch a piano. Interviewer: {NW} 434: I ain't never seen nobody with {X} except put one and then play it. Interviewer: No I ha- I hadn't either I don't think. 434: He covered it up with a quilt and played it. {NS} {B} Interviewer: We're gonna get down the road here. 434: Yeah? Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 Well listen. # Aux: Well I don't know, I've met a lot of piano players and {X} Interviewer: That was a good one huh? Aux: {X} 434: You uh- {NS} you know what day you get back out here? Interviewer: Let me see, I'll um- {NS} Gotta get some stuff done, I got to see David. You know I got to go by and see about him. I- he has a truck. I want him to help with the wood. 434: That's- Interviewer: #1 hauling it. # 434: #2 right. # That's right. Well mr Russell's got a truck too and he said he'd lend his truck to bring a load. Interviewer: {NW} Well I have a problem. You see I have a class until four oh clock and it's just forty more minutes 'til dark. 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 When- # when I get out. 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 So uh # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # we gonna have to do something about- {NW} do something about that. I don't know exactly- I get out at one oh clock everything {X} you know? We got to get some wood up for this thing Friday nights you know. 434: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Need a good bit of wood to cook with. Uh-huh. And we gonna have to get some up. Uh-huh. David. You know David {B} David has a truck. And I'll pick a- if I can get him out here, to come out here. I'll have- I'm gonna try and get the thing over and I'll- then I'm gonna come get you and you'll get the food you know. Buy the food? 434: That's right. Interviewer: And we'll come back out here and- and put the things on the windows. But I don't get off for four oh clock. If I get off decent time I come out here and do some work. {NW} Maybe so. 434: {X} your class {D: early enough} twenty-five after four now it's gonna be sundown. Interviewer: Yeah. There's just not enough time after work huh? {D: But see} I'll- 434: Well now this man over there where it's got the power saw, now he can cut wood. {X} Interviewer: I'll be back over uh- I can come back over here tomorrow then. You know about four thirty and do something to the windows. 434: Okay. Interviewer: You know? And start- maybe clean out the wash pot. Uh- 434: Okay. Interviewer: Get something started on that. And uh- The good friend of mine from the University of Georgia over in Athens Georgia, way outside of Atlanta who writes poetry and- and been published by a firm in New York wants to meet you. He's coming here- driving all the way over here Friday to see you. I want- {NW} I told him I wanted you to meet him. He {X} go over there and meet you. 434: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 So he's # coming over here Friday, gonna be here for that thing. {D: Gonna} read you some of his poetry and listen to some of your stories. Or listen to some of your stories. 434: Well we are- I hope to be here to meet him. I- I'm always glad to meet peoples this way and I just- this old man here was here this evening he- he married this girl and he used to come when he was courting her. He said he come up there once {X} didn't have chewing gum he said and they chewed raw gum and sweet gum. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: And said he give her {NS} he's in Troy. Now he {D: brought a} just a- a little piece of chewing gum, he had some chewing gum. Says he took it and put it in her mouth. Said she says this sweetest {X} I ever chew. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: Oh- 434: Old Bob had lost his mind sort of {X} Interviewer: The man who was here today? 434: That's right. Interviewer: What's his last name? 434: Bob {B} Interviewer: Oh. He used to sing with you did he? 434: He used to sing Interviewer: #1 What'd you {D: sing then?} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 When the road is cold- # 434: #2 He'd sing when the # road is cold up yonder. I'll be there. {NS} And I {X} Interviewer: {NS} Did you play the guitar or did you just sing with him? 434: I- I played it on the guitar. And I {NS} in front of {X} {NS} that married this girl's sister, he asked me- they were singing so good we- after we left the guitar went in the house and got the piano. And I- he asked me {B} what could we do to get these folks {D: singing} {X} I said get 'em drunk {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh me. # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # {NW} {NW} {B} tell Marvin to come out here. 434: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # by himself be alright you know. 434: That's right. Interviewer: He just wants to talk with you and- 434: Come on! Any time you feel like it. Interviewer: #1 Be # 434: #2 Come on- # Interviewer: alright if I came to see you maybe tomorrow afternoon uh around two oh clock, something like that? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Good. Good. 434: Well you see I don't go nowhere but right here. Interviewer: Well I'd like to come out here. Talk with you some more. I appreciate- {X} {NS} 434: Okay. Interviewer: Okay. Every- everybody calls you {B}. What's- what's your full name? 434: {B} Interviewer: Is that what your parents named you? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Just named you {B} 434: My parents? Interviewer: Is that the name that they gave you? 434: My daddy was a {B} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And my mother was a {B} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What's the mailing address out here? 434: {B} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. You said you were- were born in 434: #1 {D: Born} in # Interviewer: #2 Shady Grove? # 434: Briar Hill. Interviewer: You were born in Briar Hill? 434: That's right. {NS} Interviewer: But have you lived in Shady Grove all your life? 434: Practically all of my life. I've been around in this section around in here. Shady Grove. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I stayed around in Briar Hill 'til- and the {B} places right around fifteen sixteen years old. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 {D: They} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Then I moved out over here around Shady Grove and I been here ever since. Well we left- I left once and went to New Jersey, stayed about ten years. Interviewer: What were you doing in New Jersey? 434: I had some childrens I raised and me and the wife got- after I got authorized and couldn't get around they had to move to New Jersey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they wanted us to come and stay with them so we moved over with them, stayed up there about ten years. Interviewer: Have you done much traveling around the country other than that? 434: {X} Interviewer: Where you been besides New Jersey? 434: Birmingham. Interviewer: So you been to most of the big cities in Alabama? 434: That's the only places I've been {X} and these cities of Birmingham and New Jersey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How'd you like New Jersey? 434: I- I didn't like it cuz it's cold up there. Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I know what you mean I don't like- 434: #1 I didn't like # Interviewer: #2 I don't like cold weather either. # 434: {X} I stayed up there but {NS} my mind was down here. Interviewer: Yeah I know what you mean. 434: See I raised here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: So the white peoples here would send me money to come home on. They paid my fare. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well yeah you know and we kept- I kept coming home, I'd come home every summer {NS} and once me and my wife come together and they got at us to move back here. {D: I'm-} A white fellow told me, said General there's a lotta colored peoples have left this country. And can't come back here. And you left and everybody want you back here. Interviewer: That's 434: #1 But- # Interviewer: #2 nice. # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: We had lived in this house. And I told 'em I'd move back if I could get old home. This is what they call old home you know. Me and my wife stayed here in this house. And this is where you can {D: get us} Now me and her come on back to Jersey and start packing and then they called us up and said there's a man in the house, didn't have nowhere to go and they hate to throw him out. And he didn't have nowhere to move, I told 'em well let him stay here. I didn't have to move, I wanted to move but I didn't have to leave from where I was you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} Said white people up there where {X} got in love with us and she didn't want us to leave and come back. Interviewer: {NW} Oh yeah well 434: #1 So she called # Interviewer: #2 {D: That's a problem.} # 434: up there {D: there and then} asked the man that owned this place could he take care of us. And she said he told her yeah and take care of us too. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Did you move back into this house right here? 434: We moved back to Briar Hill. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: They couldn't get- there's a boy in this house and they got me a house over there {X} Briar Hill. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And I moved in there I st- I don't think we stayed there a year {D: even} {B} Aux: {X} 434: And they got that fellow outta here and we moved in here and we been here ever Interviewer: #1 You been # 434: #2 since. # Interviewer: here about how long? 434: About eight year if {B} Aux: Uh-huh. {NS} 434: {D: About eight years.} Interviewer: Is the hair- is the house that you were born in still standing? 434: It's gone. Interviewer: #1 It's gone now? # 434: #2 {X} the house # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Where I was born then the peoples bought that place they'd a had a trailer there and they moved the trailer. And I know the spot of ground you know the- Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah} # 434: #2 {D: about every} # time I go along Interviewer: Yeah. 434: there. At least look out there cuz to say that's where I was born well that's a spot of ground right side the road Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 right. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # And there was two little old houses, you know they used to build houses, they didn't have but two doors, sometime one door and the windows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Had wooden windows {X} no glass windows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: They had these windows with shit that hangs {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: We moved- lived there and moved up in another little old house, I don't know who my daddy was working with. But after that we moved up {X} here with- Interviewer: How long did you stay in that house before you moved? You remember? 434: In the little house where I was born? I don't remember how long we stayed there. Interviewer: Maybe about {NW} more than five years? 434: I don't {X} I stayed there- I didn't stay there five years cuz when I went to staying with the {B} they say I was just round six years old and we had left from down there and {D: looked down} on a doctor's place. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 Called # dr Dennis. And there was lot of white peoples lived up there, {D: farm and old hags} you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: On that place {D: that a} little old white fellow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Some of the Newmans and students {NS} there below Troy. Some of them round there in Troy, below Troy and I got plenty of money {X} Made {X} good money. Got rich! Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 After # they left Briar Hill. And I was telling David {B} another day I- I {X} me and him went over to Briar Hill. And I'm pretty sure my wife have too. The road's just about a mile- little bit than a mile and a quarter {X} And I see they was building some land in cotton Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: from one road to {D: us} Interviewer: {NW} 434: Work a little bit with {D: rich hands} and {D: big} hands {NS} Wasn't a tree on it. No corn {X} anybody farm there they had to plant cotton. plant no corn. All you can have on that place. Cotton pasture and watermelon {X} And the guys have no corn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And after this watermelon pasture and your cotton you cut it up. Then you'd plant the watermelon in cotton pasture. When he come cross the {X} you just take a {D: nap} {NS} {NS} {D: Cotton.} Interviewer: Briar Hill's about how far away from here? 434: It's about two miles. Between two and three miles. Interviewer: {D: About} 434: Old place. An old {X} Interviewer: Is it older than Shady Grove? 434: Sure it is. I reckon cuz I- the first store I ever see'd in my life was at Briar Hill and they sitting over there now. Interviewer: Things just tend to stick 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 the way they are. # 434: man that owns it lives right in there. Doctor's old house, place where my family worked for when I was a kid. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You got a house sitting right- the doctor had a office there he was a doctor and he had an office there and a house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And this white man bought the place and he build him a house there and got that same old store. {NS} Interviewer: About how far are we from Troy? 434: About sixteen miles. Interviewer: What are some of the other communities around here that are close to Shady Grove? 434: Grady. Raymond. You ever been up in there? Interviewer: Not too much. How far away are they? 434: Well Grady's about seven miles from here. Aux: You know Kent's before you get to Grady though. 434: Huh? Aux: Kent's {D: between here and} Grady- 434: Kent yeah, Kent's between here and Grady. Aux: {X} 434: Yeah. Wasn't for the trees and things Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 but {D: she can't} # {X} Interviewer: Is that right? There was another place you mentioned yesterday. It was uh- it was uh He- Was it Helicon or something like that? 434: Helicon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: That's right. Helicon and Lapine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: That's in 434: #1 Back over in # Aux: #2 Crenshaw County. # 434: in Crenshaw County. Aux: Uh-huh. Helicon and Lapine are Interviewer: #1 both in # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: Crenshaw County? 434: Helicon and Lapine are in Crenshaw. Interviewer: {B} do you mind if I ask you how old you are? 434: Well my next birthday {X} I'll be eighty-eight years old. Interviewer: Eighty-eight? Uh-huh. 434: {X} Interviewer: What's your birthday? Do you know that? 434: June the seventh. Interviewer: June the seventh. Okay. That'd make uh- twelve- about eighteen eighty-eight? Is that about right? 434: I reckon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} They got a eighteen- eighty-six. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well that'd make him- if it's eighteen eighty-six that'd make him uh ninety. If it's eighteen eighty-six. Aux: That's {X} Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You might # be older than you think you are 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 General. # 434: Sure that's what I tell 'em, I could be hundred years old. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: {NW} Interviewer: That don't make any difference though, it's just how you feel isn't it? 434: That's right. You see when I was a boy they drive cows to Montgomery, there wasn't no trucks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Peoples'd buy cows and get a- a bunch of boys- their mothers let the little old boys go with the white folks to carry cows to Montgomery, they'd be gone a week. They'd drive them cows to {X} And they had a pen up there. They'd pen 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they'd sleep there like 'til night And the morning they'd get up and drive 'em on into Montgomery and some of the cows'd get lost in the swamp just- Interviewer: Is that right? 434: So they'd {X} sell the cows. Interviewer: Hmm. 434: They'd get away from the drove and they couldn't catch 'em and they'd have to leave 'em. See if you keep running one cow you're liable to loose two or three more. Interviewer: That's right. 434: They couldn't lose too much time running one that they'd loose some more. They'd leave. Interviewer: About how long did it take to do that? Get 'em from 434: #1 It'll take a- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: they'd be gone a week. They'd leave Briar Hill and would- be gone a week Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Hmm. 434: Come back on the weekend. They'd be two or three days or three four days. And they'd haul cotton to Montgomery with wagons and they'd leave like this morning around midnight. And they'd get back home around Thursday night or Friday night. Carry four bales of cotton on a wagon with mules to Montgomery. {NS} And the roads was bad then, they didn't have no road machines and- oh lord. Roots in the road would- would be axles dragging on the ground. Interviewer: Did you ever go on one of those? 434: What was that? Interviewer: Did you ever go on one of those trips? 434: Never did. Interviewer: #1 Never did? # 434: #2 My {X} # did. I never did. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Trips. {NS} Interviewer: What did- what did you do for a living? 434: What was that? Interviewer: What did you do for a living? 434: Farm. Interviewer: #1 Farm? # 434: #2 Plant # cotton. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Corn. Peas. Potatoes. Peoples had a good garden. Turnips. Didn't have no ice. Only when god sent it in the winter time. Interviewer: Wha- what did you do if you had to- had to keep something uh cool from spoiling? 434: I don't know how. They set it down there by the fireplace. {NS} Interviewer: #1 {D: Now don't kid me like that.} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} They boiled peas and greens and eat them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And crumbled up the bread in that pot {X} and stuff and set it off there by the fireplace and eat it for supper. Interviewer: Huh. 434: And you do that right it'll kill you. Didn't have no ice. Didn't have nothing- nothing cool. There wasn't no fridges then. No ice {X} nothing like that. Folks put the milk in wells to try to cool it. Interviewer: Did they do the same thing with the butter to keep it cool? 434: They didn't put the butter in there cuz {D: it about} used up before {D: it got drinking up the milk!} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Just had to use that butter right away didn't you? 434: You tell 'em. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # They didn't have no butter to be putting up. You see that's what they eat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Butter, syrup and bread. And taters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: A lot of peoples didn't have nothing plenty times. You go to people's house, didn't have a thing but taters and butter. And bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: That's breakfast, dinner and supper. Interviewer: Well it just wasn't practical 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: They had flour in barrels. And they'd sell you ten or twelve pound flour, whatever you wanted they'd weigh it out. And if you save it you could get a barrel of flour for four dollars but this cheap grain of flour you can get it two dollars. Interviewer: Is that right? Hmm. 434: Bushel of meal wouldn't cost us about thirty cents. Interviewer: {NW} Sure is different now. 434: #1 Oh lord. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: {NW} Get a whole cow or get a cow and calf for six dollars. A mess of beef cause you dead now you don't have enough. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh me. 434: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 Well that's # something to think about. And the way things is going now {X} folks didn't have no fridge there {X} they'd- when I knowed ice the people'd get on a train up here in Kent and go to Troy. And get a hundred pound ice and bring it back on the train with 'em. And they'd go in the smokehouse and dig a hole in the smokehouse in the dirt. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And put that ice down in the ground to try to keep it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: They have {D: key} or something for Sunday. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And some of 'em would get sawdust and go in the smokehouse in that hole to try to save the ice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: An old icebox and freezer there Finally some of 'em got to get in the icebox and put the ice in it. Then you couldn't keep the ice from melting you know. But you keep stuff cool in there. Didn't have no icebox {D: I had one} {X} how in the world the lord let peoples kept stuff. And people {NS} Interviewer: When they talk about the good old days wasn't necessarily all that good back then. 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Some parts of it. # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Everybody had a milk cow. You hear people {X} you hear people lately and calling that cow call, that cow is what they living off of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Feed the old cow shucks you know it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well the big shot white peoples have hogs and they killed hogs for two to three days and have the poor peoples helping them kill hogs and them chitlins. Hog heads and meat {NW} and {D: jowls}, see they didn't even care nothing about the head. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: They'd give that {X} folks'd {X} Interviewer: What- what do you make out of hog head? 434: Souse. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Folks call it now hog head cheese. Interviewer: Is that right? Have you ever heard that called anything else besides souse or hog head cheese? 434: I- all I call it's souse we don't- I don't see none. Now we used could buy it in the store. Interviewer: I- you see it in stores uptown still. 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But it ain't like our old souse we make you see the folks take the sorry scrap stuff, see they- the thick scrapped beef. And old side belly these old hogs have all these long titties and stuff like that and {NS} and folks'd cook that up now with a hog head and make souse out of it. They make it cheap. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And sell it high. Interviewer: What did y'all put in it? 434: #1 What was that? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # How did y'all make it? 434: See we made it out of the feets and the heads. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Didn't put all that other kind of stuff, we put skins in it to make it- congeal it, make it stick together you put your meat skins in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And it would stick together. Then we put black pepper and red pepper. And make it up, we didn't have mills to grind it like they do now, they'd make it up and put it in a container and it'd come out in a big block. And you could slice it and and pour vinegar over it or pepper sauce and it's was good now {D: and we'd} impress folks. Interviewer: You eat a lot of that? 434: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: Take the hog feets and boil 'em and slice 'em in {X} You ever eat anything like that? Interviewer: I never have. 434: Well older peoples used to do that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Boil them hog feets and slice it, split 'em right down in half you know. And put 'em in some flour like you do with chicken and fry 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: With black pepper. And man you {D: can do} something good. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Good. # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well that's real interesting, I wanna- I wanna talk with you some more later on about that kind of thing. Uh. {B} uh. What church do you go to out here? 434: {X} right down there, this church right down there. Interviewer: What's the name of it? 434: Rock {D: Hill} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Wait what kind of church is that, is it- 434: Bap- Interviewer: Baptist? Uh-huh. Okay. Uh. Let's see, yesterday- did you ever go to school General? Never went to school? Okay. 434: I went a little, I- I- I don't reckon I went to school a year in my life. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} 434: Huh? Aux: {X} 434: Huh? Aux: Now yes. School yeah. 434: I mean I didn't go n- time before I was having to take out- take out. Aux: #1 Well I thought I asked you then # 434: #2 I'd go sometimes three or four days. # Aux: what you mean. Interviewer: {NW} 434: {D: My neighbor}- two weeks and I'd have to get out, cut corn stock, cut ditch banks and rake out ditches. You see we used to have these old hillsides ditches, they didn't have terraces like they got now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: They had ditches that drained the water out. Sometimes me and my brother rake out a ditch and {X} {D: big building} {X} Interviewer: Did you ever get a chance to learn how to read or write? Never did? 434: {D: I never did.} Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh. Do you remember- was your mother born around here? 434: She was born over in- I reckon she must've been born in Montgomery County back over there on two thirty-one. That's Montgomery County, ain't it? What county is that Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 434: #2 {D: back there?} # Interviewer: right. Two-thirty-one 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 goes through # Montgomery. 434: Well she born {D: back in there}. Interviewer: How about your father, was he born- 434: I think he was born in Pike. Interviewer: Pike County? You don't know exactly where? 434: No I sure Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 don't. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: Did uh- uh did your mother ever go to school? That you know of? 434: Never {D: then} my father neither. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did either one of them ever learn how to read or write? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did uh- was your- was your mother a housewife or did she do any other kind of work? 434: She farmed, she kept the house for her children and waited on white people. {NS} Washed and scrubbed floors. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Swept yards, got the brass broom {D: wrong straw}. See she had a bunch of {D: childrens} {X} She would have {D: skull} around, she'd come home {X} come home several times when she be out washing. And her apron would be stiff in front where she washed and freezed to where it would freeze and then her- Interviewer: {NW} 434: her apron would be stiff {NS} Interviewer: Was your father a farmer too? 434: He was a farmer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you- do you know anything about your- your grandparents? 434: I seen my grandpa several times. Interviewer: Was this the one- 434: I never did see my grandma. Interviewer: Was it- these are the ones on your mother's side or your father's side? 434: My father's si- I see'd my mother's- the first dead man I ever see's was my mother's father. Interviewer: Is that right? Do you know anything about where your- your father's folks were born? 434: #1 Sure don't. # Interviewer: #2 Never heard- # Uh-huh. What about- you don't know anything about their education- 434: That's right. Interviewer: Do you know what they did for a living, where they farmers too? 434: That's right. All I know is they was farmers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Same thing for your mother's folks? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. 434: See my mother's father made bricks he had an old {D: kiln} Didn't have no education {X} but very little he might have a little education, he wa- he was- went for a preacher back there, a hardshell preacher he called it. Interviewer: {NW} 434: You ever did talk with old {X} preacher? Interviewer: Does that- does that mean uh fundamental? Where they base it- 434: You see they {X} they just believe in what's to be done and done. They don't believe Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: like {D: that} Christ would have 'em, they just believe whatever's {D: it's} gonna happen to you, it's gonna happen anyhow regardless. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well you see Christ made the different. When Christ come the way was made for me and you to go to heaven. And before he come there wasn't no way for us to get there. And after he was born he told the world I am the way. And his name was truth. Only man you'd read of finished his work. When he was hanging on the cross when he asked for food they give him gold and he asked for water they anointed his lip with vinegar and he dropped his head and he lock his shoulders says it's finished. Now his work is finished. And mine and your work ain't finished yet. {NS} Well when he finished it there ain't a thing me and you can do but accept his way and come home or reject it and go to hell, that's the only that's how it really is. I don't have no way to save you, you don't have no way to save me. The preacher ain't got no way to save you, the preacher ain't got no heaven. The preacher ain't got no hell. You ain't got no heaven. And you ain't got no hell. Christ told you he was the way. The truth. And the light. No man comest to the father except he come by me. He didn't say come by the preacher. He didn't say come by the church {X} he said come by him. And the church he spoke of he said upon this rock I build my church, the gates of hell shall not avail against it. {D: Well hell then I'll-} {NS} {NW} Interviewer: #1 It's then by the choice isn't it? # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {D: You can tell 'em} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Your choice better be Christ. Interviewer: That's right. 434: Ain't it? That's the only hope now. The man can't save you. The man don't have nothing to save you with. The preacher's a preacher for the money. Christ was here thirty-three year for paying a way for you and me to come home. And he preached three year. Now if you read in that book the Bible. Sunday school book. Newspaper. Almanac. The funny paper. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Magazines. Before you've taken up a nickel I swear {X} you gotta- {NS} Alright now if you stopped the money the church doors is closed. The man say he can't preach without the money. Well here's your savior. Christ. He preach without the money. He teach the way for you to come home without {D: even a} dime. He scooped out the hills in battles. He blowed out the creeks and great lakes without the bulldozer. {X} Decorated with all kind of trees and grass without my and your help. Throwed up these big Rocky Mountains all in the north. Got a steam shelf {X} Didn't need our help. Interviewer: Sounds like these preachers got mixed up somewhere along the line, doesn't it? 434: Sure he- the preacher's preaching for what he want now listen what he told the preacher. {NS} {D: Go in all the world} preach the gospel, {X} preacher. Go without money, go without prize, don't carry no script with you. Don't have no purse. Preacher got the rest {D: billfold} leaving the church. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Pocket full of gold-tipped pencils {NW} sticking in his bosom. Three-thousand- five- or six thousand dollar automobile right here House to live in free. Feeding. Closing and he'll take you out where you from Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Speaking about your wife {B} you mind if I ask you how old you are? Aux: I was born in Eighteen ninety two. Interviewer: Eighteen ninety-two, that'd make you about eighty-four? Aux: Right. Interviewer: Okay. You go to the same church {B} You Baptist too? Aux: Yeah- Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh did you ever g- uh go to school? {B} Aux: Yes sir. Interviewer: How many years did you go? Aux: I got to the {X} I'm in twelfth grade. Interviewer: Twelfth grade? Aux: And I married {D: him} Interviewer: Did you finish high school then? Aux: {X} {X} Interviewer: But you got to the twelfth grade? Aux: Right. Daddy had all of my books. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Are your uh- were your mother and father from this area too? Aux: Now I don't know where they from. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. {NS} So you've uh- you said you were in this house- you've been in this house for about eight years then 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 is that right? # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Aux: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Just uh talking about houses in general uh what do you call- what do you call the- the name of the room that uh- that most people would consider to be the best room in the house? The- the- the place in the house that they'd entertain guests. What would you call something like that? 434: They call that the living room didn't they {B} The parlor? Interviewer: Yeah have you ever heard it c- ever ca- ever called anything else other than living room? You mentioned parlor. 434: That's right. Never have. Interviewer: Never have heard it called anything else? 434: I never have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You see I don't know what it will be called before the end cuz the folks {X} Interviewer: {NW} 434: They done left the plans of righteousness. Mens has taken it in hand There's one s- one thing that obey god. And that's animal. He told animal eat grass drink water and die. Didn't have no soul to save. Well he ain't. {NS} You never see a cow at the courthouse {D: hunting a license} do you? Ain't never seen the bull hog down there trying to get at the boss {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Oh me. # 434: #2 {NW} # Well we do's that. You ain't never seen a- a male hog somewhere where the sow drag a man coat to make him feed the pigs. The sow run from her pigs just quick as she run from another hog. A sow can have twenty or thirty pigs {X} in the pen where they is, now she'd run, she'd grab it up and run. Run away while the pigs eat it up. Well everything else right there bring food to the young ones. {NS} Birds that don't feed 'til they have birds. Fox that carries stuff to his young ones. Bears and lions theirself, drag things to they {NS} ground where they young ones is. Feed 'em. Well the hog will run {X} Interviewer: {NW} 434: That's something to think about ain't it? Interviewer: It sure is. 434: Both when me and you was born our mothers run with their breasts. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {D: With supper} wouldn't it? Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 You know they used to # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: nurse peoples from they breast. Aux: {X} 434: You didn't see no bottles and baby food and all that kind of stuff. Now when the baby get six years old he done cost his mother and daddy two thousand Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 dollars # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: There's a lot of things different {D: huh?} You know most- 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 most- # the rooms in most new houses aren't- aren't this tall. How high you reckon this room is {B} 434: About twelve feet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You know rich peoples used to build houses, rooms with huge {X} there's a few old houses with twelve feet walls. {NS} If you make the houses they cut 'em down to eight- some ten feet walls. Now you take this house and build another one. Enough plumb in this house now to build two. Interviewer: That's right. Sure is. In- in the house that you grew up in {B} did y'all have a fireplace? 434: Where? In Jersey? Interviewer: Uh #1 well the one out # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: in Briar Hill where #1 you grew up. # 434: #2 Oh that's # that's all they had, fireplace. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Some of 'em had stick and dirt chimneys. You didn't have bricks, you ain't never see {X} Interviewer: What's that? 434: A chimney made out of dirt and sticks. Interviewer: I just seen those made out of brick. 434: {D: Well} Interviewer: #1 {D: That's the old kind} # 434: #2 they had # dirt. Stick and dirt chimneys and rocks, some of them built with dirt. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: And the rains'd beat and wash. Sometimes you could sit the fireplace and look out through the chimney out in the yard. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 434: #2 {D: Where there's} dirt # and the people'd keep daubing dirt over them holes. They'd make up mud and garbage and heaps of time them sticks would catch a fire in that chimney and they'd had have to go up on the house and pour water down the chimney to put out them sticks. Interviewer: What do you call that place in front of the fireplace that sticks out into the room? Aux: {X} 434: What? Aux: {X} Interviewer: You know that place right in front of the fireplace that kinda sticks out in the room or it- uh it might be you know the front of an old-fashioned stove or something like that. 434: Well all I know they call it a hash. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: What you rake the fire out of. Interviewer: Right. 434: Then you take the ashes up out of the fireplace and that's the hash out there where you {NS} just space in the floor there where you set up {X} out there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call those- what do you call those things inside the fireplace that you- that you laid the- 434: Fire dogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever- ever heard those called anything else? 434: I got two in there now. Interviewer: Is that 434: #1 You # Interviewer: #2 right? # 434: oughta look at 'em. Interviewer: He's 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: called anything else General. 434: They didn't have nothing else but rocks. Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: Sometimes they leave rocks {X} 434: #1 Yeah they had rocks. # Aux: #2 {X} # Oh we have {X} 434: They lay wood on. Interviewer: What do you call that thing right up there over the fireplace where that box of matches is? 434: That- they call that a mantel. Now that was bought made. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever heard uh- have you ever called mantel called anything else? Never have. {NW} What about- what did you burn in the fireplace? 434: Wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But big old uh {NS} Aux: Logs. Interviewer: Yeah what would you- you'd call those big old round sec- #1 tions {D: a word}- # 434: #2 That's right. # Big logs they call it, they call it- now they call it logs. A lot of peoples have logs in their house now and don't never stick fire to 'em. Interviewer: {NW} {D: Y'all didn't} you mean just the kind that don't burn at all? 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: You seen that ain't you? Interviewer: Uh-huh sure have. What kind of wood do you call it that you use to get the fire started? 434: Lighter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 434: Pine. They call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard that called anything else besides lighter? 434: That's all. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh- you know when you- when you burn it for a long time the inside will get all black and you have to clean that stuff out every now and then what do you call that black stuff? 434: That's smoke where it's smoked Aux: #1 Soot. # 434: #2 up. # Aux: #1 Soot. # 434: #2 Soot # got {D: all} Interviewer: Soot. 434: See the- that- that lighter {D: will} blow out in the house and it's- the smoke'll settle on the walls. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And peoples have taken- use to take mops. {NS} See the white fellow lived in this house dipped snuff. And the man that owned the house {NW} they moved to Shady Grove when {B} moved here. And we have come up here behind that white man before he dipped snuff and chews tobacco and spit up against the wall the wall was green. Be two to three days before you could move in here. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: Alright then} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Oh me. # 434: #2 {NW} # It had to come in, build fires. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And put s- {X} and stuff in the fireplace and burn it to get the scent out of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: We were talking about- you know we were talking about living room a minute ago. What sort of things would you have in a living room? 434: Some folks didn't have nothing but a chair. {NW} Interviewer: Just one of these things right here? 434: {NW} Aux: {X} 434: They didn't have these living room chairs like we got. {X} they just had some chairs sitting in there. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 Straight # chairs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are there any other- any other different types of chairs other than straight chairs? 434: {NS} If you- peoples had rocking chairs. Just a few. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And a lot of people didn't have nothing but one or two chairs and boxes Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: to sit on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call that long piece of furniture that some people have in their living room? That several people could sit on at the same time? You know what I'm talking about? 434: I reckon Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 that's a- # Aux: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: Just big- 434: they call it a living room {D: soup} they call it- now what they call that long chair? Interviewer: Call it a long chair? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything else? 434: #1 Never have. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # A sofa or something like that? 434: Now a sofa they had- used to have a sofa they could pull out and sleep on it and fold it back up. You seen them ain't you? Interviewer: Oh yeah I've- Aux: Same thing. 434: #1 Well you can't # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: pull your's out. Aux: It's the same thing we had w- one that pulled out. It's the same name you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: But you can make a ha- you can buy 'em in a bed. You know. You use for the bed. Two can sleep on it. You pull it out and {X} 434: Well it's got a different name Aux: {X} 434: than your chair in there. That's called- it'd be a sofa chair. You Aux: #1 Yes! {X} # 434: #2 sleep on it and sit on it. # Aux: {D: yes.} {X} 434: Pull it out and make a bed out it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And then fold it back up and sit on it. #1 Well you # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever- # 434: see you can sleep on this one but you can't pull it out and put a mattress on it. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 Right. # Interviewer: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called a- a davenport? Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Or something like that? Aux: {X} 434: I- some folks call it- I reckon they call it that, they got different #1 names. # Aux: #2 I # have. I don't know about him. Interviewer: What uh- what do you call the room in the house that you sleep in? 434: Bedroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh what sort of things would you have in there? 434: Just beds and chairs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the place where uh a thing that might have a- a lot of drawers in it where you keep uh 434: #1 clothes? # Interviewer: #2 Dresser? # Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Dresser would be in there too? 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Have you # ever- have you ever heard uh a dresser called anything else? 434: never have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what- what's the- what- what would you say what the general term would be for you know just chairs and sofas and beds and all that stuff, you say you have a lotta what in your house? All the- all the- all of this in here is all what? 434: I don't know what {X} Aux: Furniture. 434: What? Aux: Furniture General. 434: Furniture? Interviewer: You just call all that 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 stuff furniture? # Just all 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. What about uh- what do you call the things that are uh might be on rollers that you could pull down to keep the sun 434: #1 Papers. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: Window papers. Interviewer: {D: windows} 434: Shades or something. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} This- this right here would be a- 434: That's right. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 {D: That's} # what you pull down and it'll go up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: #1 That's- # Interviewer: #2 You- # you would call that a what? 434: A shade. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Okay. {NS} Well let's see. What do you- what's the- a little room that you might have in a bedroom to put your clothes in? What do you call that? 434: Closet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if you- what if you didn't have one built in or it might just be a piece of furniture that could move around? What do you call those things? 434: What you hang your clothes in? I reckon I seen 'em. {NS} They call 'em I reckon clothes hangers I reckon. Aux: {X} Chifforobe or- 434: They roll it around in the house Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 in different # places. Interviewer: Uh-huh it's a- 434: That's right. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 Set it # anywhere they want it. Interviewer: #1 Just a- # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: just a piece of 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 furniture that can # put your clothes in. 434: That's right. Well now we got a- Aux: {X} 434: Huh? Aux: We have a chifforobe {X} a chifforobe up there? 434: Yeah I remember we had a chifforobe but I think he's talking about a- these things what you hang your clothes racks on and move it about in the house. Interviewer: Well this would- what I'm talking about i- it's just kind of a a piece of furniture, it- it doesn't have any drawers in it, you just open it up you know and hang your clothes in- in that thing. 434: Well now there's one in the room made to the house like that now where you open the doors. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And you can put your clothes in. Interviewer: Uh-huh you would call that a what? 434: Wardrobe I reckon. Interviewer: Wardrobe? Okay. What do you call the- the place that- the top of the house that's just under- beneath the roof? What do you call that area right there? 434: Porch? Interviewer: #1 Uh # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: no not the place out front. That would be the porch 434: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 but the- # right underneath the roof, you'd call that the what? You might use it for storing things or something like that. Aux: Attic. Attic {B} 434: I don't und- know what you's talking about. Interviewer: It's- it's right underneath the roof of the house. You might have a ladder that goes into it. 434: Go up in the ceiling. Interviewer: Yeah above the- above the- 434: That's right. Well there's a place- I don't know what they call that- the attic. Interviewer: Yeah that's right. 434: Well they got a place right there they can go up in there and come all across in here up in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What uh- what do you call the room in the house that you use to cook in? 434: Kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen a- a kitchen that was not inside the house but was built onto the house? 434: That's right, I've seen that. Interviewer: Do you know- was there any special name for that? 434: I don't know, there's no special name here, it's just build off from the house. Interviewer: Right. 434: And there's a walkway from the main house over to the kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 434: I don't know what they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the- a little room that might be just off the kitchen where you keep all your canned goods and extra dishes and all that? 434: I reckon they'd call that a storage place where you {B} Where you store your things away Interviewer: #1 Just a- # 434: #2 {D: Tuck 'em} # away. Interviewer: Uh things that you would use in the kitchen. 434: That's right. Pans and pots and things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard it called a pantry? Aux: {D: Right} 434: I've heard that, a pantry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Put your things in. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any other word for 434: #1 Never have. # Interviewer: #2 it other than pantry? # Never heard it called a- Aux: Cabinet. Interviewer: a kitchen closet or something like that? Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} What about- well you know we were talking about the attic a minute ago. What- what sort of things might you- might you keep in the attic? You know wha- what would you call just old worthless things that really not any good anymore but you just can't bare to throw away? What would you call stuff like that? 434: I'd- they'd call it rags I Interviewer: #1 Just rags? # 434: #2 reckon. # Rags they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Throw away, well you see the- the people- it's dangerous to throw that in the attic {D: it's now} they don't put it up there now, they used didn't have nowhere else to put stuff but they say they'd clam up and throw it back there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: If they needed something they'd go up there and get it and throw it down. Interviewer: It might- it might not- not always be just a rag or a piece of cloth it might you know a- a broken down chair or 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 something like that. # What would you call a- you'd say that's just a piece of what? That's no 434: #1 I just call it # Interviewer: #2 good that's # 434: old piece of chair throwed up there, it's no good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call a- what would you- Do you have a- a room in the house that you put stuff like that in? What- what- if you had on what would you call it? I'm just gonna put this in the what? You'd say I- I'll put this in the Aux: Storage room. Interviewer: Just call it a storage room? Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Would you ever call it a junk room or something like that? Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: Just a junk room? Uh-huh. What about uh when uh- when {B} gets up every morning and she goes about straightening things out and everything you'd say that she's doing what? She's just- 434: Cleaning up. Interviewer: Yeah. You do a lot of that {B}? Aux: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 Used to. # Interviewer: {NW} Aux: Used to do that {D: can't do it like I want any good cuz the house into it.} Interviewer: Uh. Well it's- it's real neat and nice in here {B} What uh- what do you call that thing that you use to sweep with General? 434: Broom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just say for example if- if the broom was uh uh in the corner there and you couldn't see the broom because the door was open you'd say that the broom is- 434: Behind the door. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever lost a broom that way? 434: Sure. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: It's easy to lose things isn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: You know sometimes I forget where I parked my car. I have to just walk up and down 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # That ever happen to you? 434: {NW} Never have. {NW} {D: Man} I forget things I- heap of times I'm in the kitchen Interviewer: Yeah. 434: I go to the refrigerator get something out of the {D: cupboard} now open the door and have to stand there then to think what did I come here for? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Oh that's right. # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: You know a long time ago well women used uh Mondays to do certain things. You know what- what did they do on Mondays usually? 434: Well a lotta- lotta peoples washes on a Monday. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And after- after they wash them in order to get the wrinkles out they had to do what? 434: Iron. Interviewer: That's right. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Was there anything that uh- that you did on specific days like Monday you do the washing and ironing, maybe Tuesday you do something else? Or 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {D: then you wipe it} # or do something else 434: #1 That's it. # Interviewer: #2 what would you do? # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: When you're farming that way the- the man- he goes plowing Monday morning and he plow 'til Saturday twelve oh clock or 'til Friday night. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well the woman washes. And she irons. And she clean the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And she sweep the yards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And then some of 'em work. Chop cotton. Pick cotton. Interviewer: Well when she's- when she's doing that- that washing then- the stuff with the clothes you know, you say well she's just doing her what? What do you call that? 434: I'd don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: Have you ever called- 434: Housework I reckon. Then #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Or you know just with- # just with the clothes. 434: That's right. Interviewer: And the washing. 434: That's right, washing the clothes. And uh ironing, I reckon you might call that housework. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say just doing the laundry? 434: #1 That's right. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Doing the laundry? Uh-huh. {NW} What do you uh- if you had to- if you had a house with more than one floor what would you say you had to go up to get to the second floor from the first floor? What are those things that you walk up? 434: Stairs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Would you uh- would you call 'em anything else if they were outside instead of inside? 434: They'd be stair steps if you went up side that wall anyway, inside or outside. Interviewer: Just stair steps 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 anywhere? # 434: {X} {NW} See you have to go up to go in the house from {X} outside sometime. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: And you go up stairs too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You said that this front part of the house right here was the porch. 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever # heard porch called anything else? 434: Never have. Interviewer: Never have. You ever heard it called a- a gallery maybe? 434: I've heard peoples call that {D: to} some homes but- Interviewer: Is that right? 434: Different homes out where these big rich people out here them call it gallery but out here in the country the folk call 'em Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 434: #2 {D: porches} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: What would you call it if it was a big one with columns on it? Would you call it- uh you ever heard that called anything special? Never have heard that called- What about if uh- if you had a big one that ran around both sides of the house, you ever seen that? Never seen that? Uh-huh. Could uh- would it be possible to have a- if you were in a big house could you have a porch on more than one floor? Like you might- Interviewer: Would you call a child who was- who was born to uh some parents and the mother might be black and the father might be white? Is there any s- s- special word you'd use to 434: #1 There ain't a thing he # Interviewer: #2 describe that fellow? # 434: could be but a nigger. Interviewer: Is that right? Okay. Is there any special word that you use to describe a- a- a black person or a colored person who has real light colored skin? 434: Well if he got real light colored skin he's- he's mixed with white. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But there's no special word that 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 you'd use? # 434: No special word that we'd use. Now I want to show you what the Bible say about that, now when a child is called out like that {NS} it's like his- this- this yellow person. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: His mother was a black woman. And this white man got a child by this black woman. The Bible say that child's hand is against every man. And the ma- every man's hand is against him. Now that child's in bad shape. But he- he couldn't help it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: He couldn't help by how he come in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: He didn't have nothing to do with it. Interviewer: That's true. 434: That's reading what the Bible say of a nation to its own kind. The Bible ain't told niggers and white folks to mix. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The Bible say every nation to its own kind. And he meant it. And if you find anyone in the Bible {X} change that then I swallow that shirt you got on. I know what you mean. Okay. {B} uh what would a white man call another white man if the one he was talking about was just kind of sorry and good for nothing and uh you know something like that? 434: #1 Well- well # Interviewer: #2 What would a white # 434: you take a- a lotta white peoples would call him a bad name. {NW} Like this- this little old William {B} heard his grandpa call a man a bad name. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And he's a little old boy and when he see'd the man he told him what his grandfather said. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Well would it- would it be any kind of special word that would spit that situation, just a sorry white man? 434: That's a sorry white man. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well that's a sorry white man and a {D: loaf over the country} like a beast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would a- would a colored man call the sorry white man anything different? 434: {X} cuz he's sorry hisself. He could- Interviewer: {NW} 434: Well him and the white man done the same thing, it was no use- Interviewer: Well if- if- if you were gonna refer to a- a sorry white- 434: Well I'd call him a sorry man, now I'd call Interviewer: #1 Sorry man? # 434: #2 any man a # sorry man that'd live like an animal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you- did you use the word cracker a minute ago? 434: That's right. Interviewer: You would- would- would a cracker be a sorry white man? 434: Sure he is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. What would you {B}- what would you say uh- what would you call somebody who- who lives out in the country and and doesn't know anything about city ways and when he goes into a city its obvious that he looks real uncomfortable. Somebody might say, look at him, he's just a- 434: Country man. Interviewer: Just a country man? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: See they'd know it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Just like the people leave from here and go north everybody know you come from down here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Everyone of the northern peoples know it, these southern peoples from down in here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any particular word you'd use to describe a man who might live out in a swamp somewhere? If he came into town you'd say he's a- 434: Well he'd be an old bachelor. Interviewer: #1 Just an old bachelor? # 434: #2 Stay out in the # swamp. Interviewer: Or maybe if he lived out the pine-y woods #1 somewhere? # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: You'd call him the same thing? 434: Same thing. Aux: {D: You'd call him-} 434: I see the- Aux: {X} {D: firewood something} 434: I seen a white man come through the store at Briar Hill with a nigger woman. Aux: Uh-huh. 434: And to say he was staying with her. Well that a sorry white man, that a sorry nigger woman. That- that woman had a been in my family I'd {X} her back there that evening. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And I'd a took me a stick and I'd a beat her 'til she got away from that place. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Let that man go on and say that man got childrens too! Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Grown children. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: Now that's a sorry white man, that's a {D: pig} Interviewer: Have you ever heard the word hoosier before? You ever heard anybody 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 say just an old hoosier? # 434: Lotta folks call them- adverse peoples hoosiers. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 434: #2 Crackers. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: What is a hoosier mean? 434: That's just a sorry white. Interviewer: #1 Just a sorry man? # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 There are a lotta words for sorry white # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: men} # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Oh me. # 434: #2 {X} # Hoosiers and Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 crackers. # Pigs Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Just take your pick huh? 434: {NW} That's right. {C: laughter} Interviewer: {NW} {B} if you were at a party you might look at your watch and you see it's uh almost eleven thirty at night and you say we'd better get going home it's- 434: Eleven o'clock. Interviewer: Alright or it's- in relationship to midnight you might say it's- Aux: Twelve o'clock. Interviewer: If it's eleven thirty it's- 434: It's soon twelve oh clock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Better get going away from here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or it's- it's almost midnight 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Something like that. # Right. 434: Well now they- peoples stay out later than that. {NS} Interviewer: If- if you- if it got real cold General and there was a lot of ice on the ground you'd say well I went out there to try to walk around and I managed to sl- to keep my balance but I- 434: Slipped down. Interviewer: Alright. Or if you just about did you- you'd say you did what? 434: Fall. Fell. Fall. Fell down. Interviewer: Okay. 434: That's right. Interviewer: If uh- if somebody's uh waiting on you to go somewhere General and uh he calls out to you say hey! You gonna be ready soon? You might say to him I'll be with you in- 434: A minute. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. If uh if you're going somewhere General and you know you're on the right road but you're not sure of how far away it is you might ask somebody well how 434: Far it is. To such and such a place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. If uh- if you were- if you were trying to point out something to somebody and what you were trying to point out was- was nearby you'd- you'd say to him well just 434: Right out there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or- or just- just look here 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 That is # 434: right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If uh- if you were- if you were trying to uh straighten somebody out, somebody was confused about something or you were trying to set 'em straight would you ever say well now look here and then tell 'em something? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Have you ever said that #1 before? # 434: #2 Sure. # That's right. You go to such and such a place and do such and such a thing. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Well General if- if you wanna know uh about how many times I go to town what would you ask me? You'd ask me how- 434: How often do you go to town? Interviewer: Right. Right. If uh if you agree with a friend of your's when he says to you I'm not gonna do that or I'm not going to vote for that man you'd say- 434: Why? Interviewer: Or- okay. Or if- if you're gonna do the same thing if he says I'm not gonna vote for him- 434: {X} I'd say I ain't either. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. What do you call- what do you call this part of your body right here {B} You might say- 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about uh- we were talking about this yesterday when I was talking about your friend who's a barber. You said uh he cut your what? 434: Hair. Interviewer: If you got any. 434: That's Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 434: #2 right. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: What if you let your hair right here grow? You might get a what? 434: Shave. Interviewer: Alright if you let it grow long you'd say you have a- 434: Beard. Interviewer: Right. What uh- what's this right here {B} 434: Ear. Interviewer: Yeah. Which one is it? 434: That- that's the left ear. Interviewer: And that's the- 434: That's your right ear. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call this thing right here that you put food in? 434: Mouth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about this right here? 434: Throat. Interviewer: Okay. What about this right here? 434: Swallow. Interviewer: Or is there any- 434: Neck. Interviewer: Would that thing- 434: That's your goozle. Interviewer: Yeah, the little thing that sticks out? 434: That's right. Interviewer: That's right. Have you ever heard that called anything else? 434: Never have. Interviewer: Okay. 434: Some folks say it's your swallow. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You ever heard it called an Adam's Apple? 434: I've heard that. Interviewer: Adam's Apple? Yeah. What about uh- what do you call this right here? 434: Your teeth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You call one of them what? 434: Bottom and top. Interviewer: Or just one of 'em. One Aux: Tooth Interviewer: #1 You got a lotta # Aux: #2 General. # Interviewer: teeth but you got one- Aux: One tooth. 434: Snaggle. One out? Aux: Tooth! Interviewer: #1 If- if- # Aux: #2 One # tooth! Interviewer: If you knock one out you- you knocked out a what? 434: Your snaggle. Aux: A tooth {B} You knocked out a tooth. 434: Knocked out a tooth. Interviewer: Yeah that's right. What do you call uh this part up here? This fleshy part? 434: Gums. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about- what do you call this part of your hand right here General? 434: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: The what? 434: The {D: pana} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 of your # hand. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if- what if I do my fist like that? I mean {NW} what if I do my hand like that, what have I got? 434: Your fist {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 You got # fist. Interviewer: Alright. Right. That's uh- that usually means trouble 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 with somebody # doesn't it? 434: #1 That means something. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. You know some- some people when they get old they say they get stiff in their what? 434: Arms. Interviewer: Or they get stiff- it might be here, it might be 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 here- # 434: right. Interviewer: You just get stiff in your what? 434: In my limbs. Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 They're stiff. # Aux: #1 {X} # 434: #2 See my fingers getting to where I can't shut 'em # up like {D: I used to} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} Aux: Don't you- ain't you stiff in your {X} Yes. {X} Interviewer: Would you ever say you're just stiff in your joints? 434: That's right. And I would say stiff all over. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that arthritis? 434: That's #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. 434: See you can't stoop Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: like you should. Interviewer: Uh-h- 434: Can't walk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about uh- what would you call the upper part of a man's body? You say he has 434: #1 Chest. # Interviewer: #2 a big- # Yeah. And what about these 434: #1 shoulders. # Interviewer: #2 right- # Right. What about uh this right here, that's my- I might raise my- 434: Arm. Interviewer: Or this part right here. That's my- Aux: Hand. 434: Hand. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say I have two- 434: Two hands. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. What about this right here, that's my left- 434: That's your left foot. Interviewer: Okay and this whole thing's my left- 434: That's right. Interviewer: My left what? 434: Leg. Interviewer: Okay. Okay and I have two- 434: That's right. Interviewer: Two what? 434: Two feets. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Alright you might say that uh you had to get up at night General and you stumbling around in the dark and you- you say- you might run into something right here and you bruised your what? 434: Leg. Interviewer: Bruised your leg or- is there anything you call this specific part of your leg? If you run into it, hit it right there? 434: Chi- shin part of your leg. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Shin. Interviewer: What about {B} what do you call if you were squatting down this uh back part of your thigh here, you'd say you're squatting down on your what? 434: That's your muscles or your- legs isn't it? Interviewer: Okay, would- would you just say that if I'm squatting like this I'm kinda squatting on my what? Anything you'd call that? Aux: Your heels. 434: {X} Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called haunches? Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: He's squatting down on his haunches? Aux: Uh-huh. {X} Interviewer: Would you ever say that? 434: That's right I reckon that's what it is {D: I don't-} Interviewer: Okay. What about uh if- if you know somebody and he's been sick for a while but now he's up and about but he still looks a little bit what? 434: Puny. Interviewer: Looks a little bit puny. Okay. Was there anything- would you say anything else other than puny? He might look a little bit 434: #1 Sick. # Interviewer: #2 {D: just} # 434: Sick. Interviewer: A little sick? Okay. Maybe looks a little scrawny or 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 something like that? # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. {NW} What would you- what would you call a person who can lift real heavy weights. You'd say he's big and 434: He's a man. Interviewer: Or he's 434: #1 He's # Interviewer: #2 if he's- # 434: strong! Interviewer: Yeah. Big and strong. {NS} Yeah. If uh- if a person you know always goes around smiling and- and he never loses his temper you'd say well he's mighty 434: He's a mighty good fellow. Interviewer: #1 Mighty good fellow? # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: Would you ever say he's mighty good natured? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. If uh- if you know- you know a- a boy when he's growing up he seems to go through a- through a very uh- kind of a a period where he's always just stumbling all over his own feet. You'd say well he's mighty- mighty what? 434: Careless. Interviewer: # Interviewer: #1 Just mighty careless? # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay, would you- Aux: Mighty clumsy I would say. Interviewer: Mighty clumsy or mighty awkward, something like that? 434: Awkward. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Falling down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What- you know- have you ever known anybody who just kept doing something that didn't make any sense at all you'd say that man's just a plain- 434: Crazy. Interviewer: Just 434: #1 Somebody # Interviewer: #2 plain crazy? # 434: say he's a fool. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. That's uh bible says that's dangerous doesn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: What does it say about that? 434: Yeah well- he's- a man like that he is dangerous you see he's dangerous uh doing things that he shouldn't be. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 You- you # you have to watch them- them kind of peoples. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {B} what would you call a man who just has a lot of money? You know you were talking about someone like this the other day. A man who has a lot of money but who just won't let go of it. You say he's just an old- 434: Well you'd call him an old type. Interviewer: Just an old type? 434: Stingy! Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well you see if you hook up something- sh- shed up your hand and nothing never comes in and out Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You see we got people's got money and he won't use it and won't let nobody else use it but there's a day coming his hand'll be open and anybody can use it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: That's the reason why he tells your eat. Drink. And be merry today you live, tomorrow you die. If you got a nickel and want to spend it, spend it cuz you don't want- where the end is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Ain't no harm to have money now. But it's a harm to let that money get between you and your father. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And that's what it do to a lot of us you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {B} if uh- when you- if you ever use the word common about a person what do you mean by that? If you say he's just- he's just common as he can be. What would you mean by that? Or would you ever use that word? 434: Well I ain't never- I heard a this communism that peoples talk about living now common. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: What is a- one nation is a- Is it Russia? The common- using this common- Interviewer: Oh you're talking about Communists? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh well I'm tal- I'm really talking about something else. If you- 434: Common. Interviewer: Yeah 434: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 if he's just a # common person- 434: Right in your community. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 434: Well I wouldn't know what you call them. {NS} But god knowing. Interviewer: Probably just call 'em a sorry white man. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: A sorry black 'un. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {D: Ain't no different} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} General what would- what would you call a- a- uh an old person uh who still does his farm work and he doesn't get tired? You'd say well I don't care how old he is, he's still mighty what? Aux: {D: Smart} {X} Interviewer: You know if he- if he still does his own work and 434: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 doesn't # make him tired say well it don't make any difference how old he is, he's still mighty- 434: He's still working and make his own living. Interviewer: Okay. Or would you ever say he's mighty spry? Aux: Right. Interviewer: Or something like that? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. If uh- maybe if somebody's children were staying out later than they ought to General uh you might say well I don't suppose that there's anything wrong but I can't help but feeling a little- 434: You can't help but feel a little funny about it. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. I- if somebody said- if I said well I don't want to go- I don't want to go upstairs in the dark. I'm- 434: Scared. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever been scared of the dark? 434: #1 Not that I know of. # Interviewer: #2 Dark doesn't bother you? # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. Uh something you might say about a woman, well she's- she's not- uh she's not afraid now but she- now she's not afraid but she- 434: Will be Interviewer: Will be or- or if she has been in the past 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 You'd say she- # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # She's not afraid now but she- Aux: Have. Have been General. Something. 434: Have been. Interviewer: Okay. 434: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Would you ever say she- she used to be? 434: That's sometimes u- use that, she used to be scared. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If uh you know if- if she was- if she wasn't always like that, if she wasn't always afraid of the dark you say well I don't understand why she's afraid, she she u- 434: Used to wasn't. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. {NS} Alright. If uh- if somebody leaves a lotta money out on the tab- out on the table somewhere where anybody can get it and he leaves the door unlocked you'd say he's mighty 434: Careless. Interviewer: Yeah mighty careless with his money. Uh if you had an aunt- if you had an aunt and her name was Lizzie you might say well there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzie but sometimes she acts kinda 434: Funny. Interviewer: Yeah. Kinda funny. You know anybody like that? 434: Plenty {D: of 'em} Interviewer: Kinda strange? {NS} 434: Right. Interviewer: Would you- would you ever use- would you ever say she acts mighty queer? 434: That's right. Interviewer: #1 Would- # 434: #2 Sure. # Interviewer: woul- would queer mean about the same as funny? 434: That same thing. Interviewer: Okay. 434: #1 She's # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 434: {D: spiritually blind.} Interviewer: Alright. What about somebody who- who makes up his own mind General and- and nothing in the world can make him change his mind? You'd say uh- you'd say he's mighty what? He makes up his own mind and nobody's gonna change his mind no matter what. You'd say he sure is mighty- 434: I wouldn't know what to say about a man like that. Interviewer: Would you say he's just bullheaded? Or stubborn? 434: That's the only thing it could be. #1 Stubborn. # Interviewer: #2 Just # stubborn? 434: Stubborn. See he got his own way and he don't believe in nothing else but his own way. Interviewer: Have- have you ever known anybody that- a person that you could- just couldn't joke with? He'd be liable to- he'd be liable to lose his temper 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 real easy- # you'd say he's mighty what? 434: High-tempered. Interviewer: Just mighty high-tempered? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh and if you were talking about a so- a person like that and- and you were joking with him you'd say well I- I was just kidding with him. 434: That's Interviewer: #1 I- # 434: #2 right. # Interviewer: I didn't know he was gonna get- 434: Mad. Interviewer: Get mad. Yeah. Okay. Is there anything else you'd say about a person who got mad real easy? You'd say he got mad or he got- 434: That's all you could say. Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody say he'd sure- he got head up quick? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. If uh- if somebody's just about to lose his temper you'd tell him well now don't lose your temper, just 434: Calm down. Interviewer: Calm down. Okay. {NS} If uh- if you'd been working real hard all day General and uh you'd say well I been working all- I been working hard all day I'm just real 434: Tired. Interviewer: Yeah. You- would you say anything else other than tired? Okay. Uh and when you're real tired you just you just can't do anything #1 else- you- # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: you hardly lift your arm. 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # I'm just what? I'm just- 434: I'm just out. Interviewer: I'm just out. 434: #1 That's {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Oh me. 434: And that's- that's- you can send them kind of feelings too. When you uh uh work hard all day and- Interviewer: Can you remember the tiredest you've ever been? 434: I imagine the tiredest I've ever been when I- I got over hit {C: i.e. overheated} Got too hot. And didn't know it. Interviewer: During the summer? 434: And when I- I had my mule in the field and when I walked up got the mule, I had old buggy and I walked up to hitch the mule to the buggy. And something told me to leave. Just leave the mule and I just staggered back and fell in a- in the field. Nobody's down there with me and I don't know what I done but I got dirt all in my face and- {D: I don't know} {X} I don't know what happened. I just got too hot. {D: You know.} Aux: I didn't know {X} I know that you'd a come out the field {D: leavened} with dirt. When I had {X} course you hadn't come. {X} And I- {D: he didn't get back} And I {X} And I looked at the clock at one oh clock and I {X} good gracious! Somethings the matter with him. And I went and I- I see'd him coming. I didn't know him. Interviewer: Hmm. Aux: {NW} Looked like someone had throwed dirt all over him, all in his face. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I said well {B} what in the world? He said I don't know. I got too hot. Interviewer: You were just kind of in a bad way weren't you General? 434: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I should'a went {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. General if- if a person you know has been real healthy and they've been- and they've been quite well but you hear s- that they got some disease real suddenly you'd say well she was alright but last night she- 434: Taken sick? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. {NS} And if- if he's uh- if he's sick now but he'll eventually be well again you say well he'll be up again- 434: In a few days. Interviewer: In a few days. Okay. Have you ever s- hear anybody say well he'll be well again by and by. 434: I've heard that. Interviewer: Something like that? Okay. If uh- if somebody got like you say, like you got, if somebody got overheated and he got chilled and you know his eyes and his nose started running you'd say 434: {NW} Interviewer: that he's caught a what? Aux: Cold. 434: Cold. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. If uh- 434: {NW} Interviewer: if uh- if this cold affected his voice and he sounds different you'd say he's what? 434: Got a cold in his chest. Interviewer: Got a cold in his 434: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 chest # 434: #1 throat. # Interviewer: #2 or- # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # His voice sounds 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 real- # 434: right. Aux: {D: Coldish} 434: Rattling like {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Yeah. I've been in them shapes. Interviewer: Would you ever say his- his voice is real hoarse? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That the way- he whisper trying to talk. Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 If- # Aux: {X} Interviewer: if I do like- General if I do like {NW} what do you call that? I've got a little- {NW} 434: Cold. Interviewer: Or a little- {NW} what do you call- am I- what am I doing? {NW} That's a- 434: Cough. Interviewer: Right. Okay. if uh- if- if I say well I better get to bed, I'm feeling a little bit 434: Bad. Interviewer: A little bad or if they- if my eyelids are getting real heavy and I'm tired I'm 434: #1 You're getting # Interviewer: #2 getting {X} # 434: sleepy. Interviewer: Yeah. You never get sleepy, do you General? #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 That mean I go to sleep too. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah. But you say after you go to sleep and sleep a while uh every morning at six oh clock I- I- 434: #1 Get up. # Interviewer: #2 d- # I do- alright. When you open your eyes you- 434: That's #1 right. # Aux: #2 You- # 434: #1 # Aux: #2 # You waked up. Interviewer: Or you- you wake up or- right okay. Okay. Now you might say uh well {B} is still sleeping. I better go- I better- 434: Wake her up. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} You like to be waked up General? Or does that bother you? 434: I don't have to be woke up. Interviewer: You just automatically wake up? 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: You wake me up {D: don't you} You don't let me- Interviewer: If uh- if a person is supposed to ha- if a person has some medicine and uh he- he's supposed to use it regularly and somebody comes along and the medicine's still there on his table where they put it you s- you might say to 'em well why haven't you- 434: Take it. Interviewer: Yeah. If uh- if somebody can't hear well General you say they're getting a little bit- 434: Hard of hearing. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say he's getting a little deaf? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. You know when you were working outside there when I came over General you working we- real hard and if you might've worked so hard that you just got your shirt wringing wet and you'd say {NW} look at how much I- 434: Se- sweated. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: You wet. Interviewer: That's right. General have you ever gotten a- a place on your arm or somewhere else on your body that uh it had a real- it was real red on the outside and had a little white spot right in the middle and it was infected? 434: Never have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of a- it's a- it's a kin- kind of a sore on your arm. You ever heard of a boil- had a boil on your arm? 434: {X} I don't think I have. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh well you might not know this either but you know the white stuff that comes out of that boil, do you know what that's called? {NS} 434: Pus. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Uh General if uh- if a bee- 434: Turn that light on where you can saw. Interviewer: Oh okay. Aux: {X} It's tricky. Interviewer: Okay. Alright uh General if- if a bee stung me on my hand my- my hand might- might do what if it got 434: #1 Swole. # Interviewer: #2 real big? # Yeah. You'd say it's pretty badly- 434: Swole up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And- but if it- but if it's not- if it isn't infected it- it probably won't much. Probably won't- 434: That's right. Interviewer: It probably won't do what much? 434: It won't hurt you. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. What about uh if you're- if you've been cutting wood for a long time General and- if a person's not used to handling an ax a lot he'll get this- this place on his hand with some liquid under it you know? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: What do you call those things? Aux: Blisters. General? 434: Alcohol? Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 No {NW} # Aux: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # The- the thing on your hand that- 434: Corn? Interviewer: Alright if it's real soft. 434: Blister. Interviewer: Yeah what do you call that liquid in the blister? You say it has a lotta- 434: Water. Interviewer: Lot of water in it. Yeah. Okay. General if- if somebody has uh gotten shot or stabbed somewhere and uh you might say well we need to get a doctor to take a look at the- 434: The cut! A wound. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. What about uh- have- have you ever seen a wound that uh that didn't heal clean? You know? And it might have a a white place form around the edge of it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: What- sometimes you know it has to be- uh has to be cut out or it has to be burned out. What- what kind- what would you say that is, it's- it's what? 434: I wouldn't know what that was. Interviewer: Is it- have you ever heard it called some kind a flesh- 434: That's right. Interviewer: It's called what? Have you ever heard of proud flesh? 434: Proud flesh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I've heard that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Wouldn't ever heal up. Interviewer: Right. Right. What uh- if uh- what would be some of the things that you might keep in your in your medicine cabinet that uh- that has a skull and crossbones on it? Okay 434: #1 You see well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: Poison. 434: What Aux: #1 Poison. # 434: #2 would that # be now? Aux: Poison. 434: Hmm? Aux: Something poison. 434: What? Aux: Something poison. 434: When your flesh break out Interviewer: #1 Well- # 434: #2 into- # Interviewer: well let's say that uh maybe- maybe you get a little cut on your finger and you need to put something on it to keep it from getting infected. What might you put on your finger? 434: Mercurochrome. Interviewer: Mercurochrome. Aux: I- 434: #1 Now somebody # Aux: #2 {X} # 434: put alcohol on it. Interviewer: Would you ever put iodine on it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Aux: The doctor puts some iodine {B} {X} See he said {D: I} {X} to iodine. {D: And this would right the rain} Interviewer: Uh-huh. General have you ever heard of a- a disease called malaria? {NS} 434: Malaria fever? Interviewer: Yeah. Do you know what used to be given for malaria? Never heard of that? Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of uh quinine? 434: That's right. Interviewer: You ever heard anybody had to take that before? 434: Sure. That's some- I have taken it {D: pill though} Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: He- he {D: used} quinine. {X} 434: #1 Used to take that # Aux: #2 Capsule. # Interviewer: for chills. Aux: Uh-huh. {X} cramp and it was good but {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. General if uh- if a man was shot and he- and he didn't recover from the- from the wound you'd say he did what? 434: Didn't recover? Interviewer: If he didn't. 434: Died. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any other term that you might use? Maybe a more polite term instead of just died? Would you say he- uh so and so just 434: Passed. Interviewer: Just passed? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Is there- have you ever heard anybody use any kind of crude rude sort of term to say that a person died? 434: Never have. Interviewer: Never have? Have you ever heard somebody say that he kicked the bucket? 434: I heard that. Kick the bucket. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's kind of a joking term isn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. 434: Dead man don't know nothing about it. Interviewer: That's true. {NW} Have you- well maybe the- the man's been dead a week and still nobody's figured out yet what he- 434: To do with him. Interviewer: Or what he- if they don't understand what caused it you'd say they hadn't figured out what he- 434: Died with. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Yeah? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call a place where people are buried General? 434: Graveyard. Interviewer: Graveyard? Is #1 there a- # Aux: #2 Cemetery. # Interviewer: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard that called anything else besides a graveyard? 434: Never #1 have. # Aux: #2 Ceme- # tery. 434: Huh? Interviewer: {B} says a cemetery. You ever heard it called that? 434: I've heard that, cemetery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Okay. Alright. General I'll just ask you one more and we'll call it a day. What uh- what do you call the box that people are buried in? 434: Casket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard that called anything else? 434: I've heard 'em say coffin. Interviewer: Coffin. 434: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 434: That's- they use that casket there they used to call 'em coffins but they just got that lately you know so that's- Interviewer: Okay. {NS} We were talking about last time- uh I think the last question I asked you was what do you call the box that they bury people in. 434: Coffin. Interviewer: Yeah and you said a coffin. Okay. What do you call- what do you call the ceremony for a- a dead person ,you say we're gonna go to his- Aux: Funeral. 434: That's a funeral. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Okay. If uh- if the people are- are dressed all in black after somebody's died you say they're in- what? Everybody's dressed- 434: Mourning. Interviewer: Yeah. In mourning. Uh is- is there anything else uh you'd call it if people- if people in the family really get worked up about the death you know if uh- if the women just kind of lose control of themselves is there anything you'd call that? 434: Well {NW} I would call it- some of 'em say they- they's hurt over the dead body. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they begin to lose they- control of their self and just scream and holler and go on you know. Just cry and primp up. Primp your mouth you know. Primp, they be crying- don't cry. Some of them lips are just quiver you know like they wanna cry Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 434: #2 and they # don't. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: I don't know what you'd call that now. Interviewer: Just in bad shape? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if somebody meets you on the- meets you on the street General and says well how you doing today? And if- if you feeling just about average you'd say well- well I'm 434: Okay. Interviewer: Just okay? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. If uh- if a- if the children are out real late at night and your wife's getting a little bit excited about it you might say well they'll be home alright, just don't- 434: Just don't worry about it. Interviewer: Don't worry about it. Okay. Worry'll make you old 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 quick won't it? # 434: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: The mother can't help but worry {D: own kin} Interviewer: That's the truth. I know about that. 434: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: I know about that. Okay with- you'd uh- if a person's getting old and uh his joints are getting stiff and kinda aching you say he might have just a touch of what? You know I'm just- I'm just so 434: #1 {D: Uh uh} # Interviewer: #2 {D: where I gotta touch it} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: Some of 'em'd call it touch a rheumatism. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Or arthritis. Interviewer: Rheumatism, arthritis? Yeah. Have you ever heard of a- a real bad disease General that affected the throats of children before? You know you'd- they'd have sores inside and they'd 434: #1 Diph- # Interviewer: #2 {D: get} # 434: Diphtheria. Interviewer: Yeah. You don't s- have a bunch of that around anymore do you? You ever seen anybody with 434: #1 I've heard # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: 'em, it soon do away with the folks, it close up their throat. Interviewer: Yeah. Bad. Have you ever seen a man who had a disease that caused his skin and eyeballs to turn yellow? You ever heard of that? 434: I never #1 heard of that. # Aux: #2 {D: I have} # 434: I seen peoples have a disease or something, their skin'll get white and spotty. Interviewer: What is that? 434: They call it leprosy. Interviewer: Oh yeah. But you never heard of jaundice? Yellow jaundice? Aux: {X} 434: I've heard of that- peoples with- and then I heard it cat would give you yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Is that right? A cat. 434: See a cat carries a germ. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And you can catch yellow jaundice by a cat. Interviewer: {NW} 434: And a dog carries a germ but it's not catching like the cat Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 is. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Hmm. Well that's a 434: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 new one. # 434: that cat {X} dangerous- you can catch that from Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 cat. # Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Uh if you have a- if somebody has a very bad pain right about here and they have to have an operation it's uh- what- do you know what that's called? 434: {D: Appendix} Interviewer: Yeah. They'd have to have their appendix taken out. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Alright. What about uh if you ate something or you drank something that didn't agree with you and it came back up you'd say you- 434: Vomit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there anything else you'd call it? 434: Some of 'em say throwed up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: And some's just spit up. 434: Huh? Interviewer: Spit up. 434: Now you don't throwed it you don't spit Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 that stuff # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 It just comes out in a row. # Interviewer: #1 It's a little bit more forceful than that # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 huh? # 434: #2 You tell 'em. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 You tell 'em. # 434: You primp your mouth just spits #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 Na- no- # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: No primping involved huh? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Yeah. If uh- is there any well uh- would you say there's any difference between vomit and throw up- is there- is one term any more polite than the other one? Would you think? 434: Now uh- Throwing up and vomiting is all the same to me. It makes you sick and it strain your stomach. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 So if- # Aux: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. So if somebody had to vomit you'd say ah look at him, he must have been sick 434: That's right. Stomach. Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Sick to his stomach. Interviewer: Okay. If uh- if somebody just found out some news you might say well he just hardly got the news when he came right over Aux: {X} Interviewer: He- 434: To me? Interviewer: Uh-huh and- 434: That's right. Interviewer: and do what? He hardly got the news when he came over and Aux: {X} Interviewer: He came over- 434: To me? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {X} let me understand that right now Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 434: #2 what you- # Interviewer: If somebody had just heard something and uh he wanted you to know about it you might say well he just hardly had gotten the news when he came over- 434: And told me. Interviewer: Okay. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. If you p- invite somebody to come see you this evening and you want to tell them that you'll be disappointed if uh- if he doesn't come you might say well now if you don't come I- 434: I'd be disappointed. Interviewer: Okay. And if- if both you and {B} are glad to see me when I come out here you might say well we're- 434: We're glad to see you. We was glad to see you. Interviewer: {NS} Okay. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Alright. If uh- if you're talking to a little child who's been misbehaving you know been bad you say well if you do that again I'm gonna have to- 434: Whoop you. Interviewer: Gonna have to whoop you. Alright. Let's see. {NS} Alright. Alright General if uh- if a man meets a girl at a dance and he wants to go home with her he says to her well may I- 434: Take you home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You never done that before have you? {NW} 434: I don't- Interviewer: {NW} 434: I couldn't say I hadn't done that cuz that used to be the past {X} Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay well let's say if uh- if- if the- if this fellow is- is really interested in this girl and uh he spends a lot of his time with her so that the neighbors begin to think that he's getting serious about her what do they say he's doing? 434: They say he's in love. Interviewer: He's in love or- 434: With- Interviewer: If he eventually intends to marry her 434: #1 That's right, # Interviewer: #2 he's doing what? # 434: He's intending to marry her make it his wife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say that he's uh- he's courting her? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Would there- would there be any other way to say that? 434: Nothing. No other way, he's courting her. Interviewer: Okay. 434: You have to court before you can marry. Interviewer: Okay so if uh- if this- if this boy and this girl are- are really uh getting attached to each other you'd say uh- what would you call him- you'd say that- that he's her what? 434: Boyfriend. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then she's his- 434: His girlfriend. Interviewer: That's right okay. If- if this fellow happens to come home with lipstick on his collar his little brother said {NW} I know what you've been doing, you've been- 434: Kissing. Interviewer: That's right. {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Giving himself away. # 434: #2 {NW} # That's right. Interviewer: Alright well if this girl- if uh- if this fellow asks this girl to marry him and she doesn't want to what did you say she did to him? 434: Said no. And uh {X} sometime that breaks 'em up. Interviewer: That's right. So she just uh- 434: She just {X} ain't decide to marry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And if she wanted to marry him maybe she wouldn't want to {X} Interviewer: So she just turned him down? 434: That's right. Turned him down. Interviewer: Okay. Well uh if she didn't turn him down then they might go ahead and get- 434: They'd go ahead and marry. Interviewer: Okay. Or you'd say they got- 434: Got married. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Do you General at a wedding, what do you call the man who stands up with the- with the groom? 434: Your best man. Interviewer: Uh-huh and what do you call the girl who stands up with the bride? 434: Best girl. Interviewer: The best girl? Okay. Have you ever heard of uh ha- after a wedding maybe some boys in the neighborhood might gather around the couple's home and just start making a- a- a lotta noise? What would you call that? 434: I don't know what I- what I would call it but I've heard of boys getting around a couple's home, ringing bells Interviewer: Yeah. 434: Beating plows Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 you know and # blowing car horns and all that kinda stuff. Now I- I- I don't know what you'd call that Interviewer: #1 You've # 434: #2 cuz # Interviewer: never heard that called anything? 434: {X} Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called a shivaree? 434: Never did. Interviewer: Or a maybe a serenade of something like that? 434: Serenade. Serenade I've heard it Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 called # that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Has- ha- would anything like that ever be done if uh somebody had- had made everybody in the town mad? Maybe my- by taking some kinda unpopular political stand? Something like that? Maybe if he'd said someth- if he'd said something that- that had insulted somebody else in town would they do something like that? Go around his house and make a lot of 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 noise? # 434: right. They'd go around his house and do a lotta things that they wouldn't have done if they- if he hadn't a made 'em mad. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. {NS} Let's see. If you happen to be in Atlanta uh for a time and you saw somebody over there that you wanted to tell me about you say well sitting here talking to me you say well I saw him- 434: In Atlanta. Interviewer: Just in Atlanta? Would you just say I saw him in Atlanta? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Would you ever say I- I saw him over in Atlanta? 434: Well it's- I said it like I would Interviewer: Say it in 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 in Atlanta. # 434: #1 Hell I saw him # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 434: in Atlanta. Oh well the way it oughta been, over in Atlanta. Interviewer: {X} What about if you saw him in Montgomery? What would you say? 434: I'd say I saw him in Montgomery. Interviewer: Okay or Briar Hill? 434: Briar Hill. Interviewer: Or Troy? 434: Or Troy. Or Shady Grove. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Alright. If uh- if a fellow lives- uh lives at the- where the Browns live and let's say that uh the- the Browns live just a few houses up from you you would- you would tell me that he lives where? 434: Live just the other side of the Browns. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 434: #2 Or maybe # this side of the Browns. Interviewer: Okay. Well if- if he lives with the Browns and the Browns live about a half mile away from here you'd say he lives- 434: This side of the Browns. Interviewer: Okay. If he lived on- on the other side of a hill with the Browns w- you'd say he lives- 434: Well I'd say he lived other side of the Browns. Interviewer: Okay. If he lived- if the Browns live twenty miles away and he lives with the Browns you'd tell me well he lives- 434: Well he lives in twenty miles of the Browns. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Alright. Well let's see. If uh- if some- if a whole lotta people- let's say if- if we have a lot of people at this party tomorrow and everybody just starts making a ruckus might get the police out here and they don't arrest just one of us but they might arrest 434: Everybody. Interviewer: {NW} Or maybe you might say they arrest the whole #1 crowd? # 434: #2 Whole # crowd. Interviewer: Okay. I hope that doesn't happen. 434: Me too. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I'd give you a bad reputation wouldn't it General? 434: {D: That ain't} arresting. They call the law once to a bunch of us having a party and their place of law come and the fire department come, well the folks got to running. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And they turned the water hose on the house Interviewer: Uh-oh. 434: And everybody got wet {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Oh me. 434: {X} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. You know some uh young people when they like to have a good time they might go out during the evening. What do you call it that they're doing when they get together you know, move around on the floor? You say- 434: Dances. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay are there- what different kinds of dances do you know about? 434: {NW} Well I've heard a- the boat dancing. Suzie Q, sissy britches. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Pork chop. Interviewer: Pork chop. 434: {NW} Interviewer: Those hard to do? 434: {NW} What do you say? {C: laughter} Interviewer: Are those hard to do? 434: {NW} I don't know it- it ain't hard {X} to anybody that know how they- you oughta see this little old girl who's here Sunday {X} the one I was telling you about could dance. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You oughta see her pork chop. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 She can pork chop pretty good. # 434: #2 {NW} # {NW} Lord that woman {D: whips the rope all} on the floor. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: Just kind of lively? 434: {NW} Yeah that woman can skip. Interviewer: Okay. Well uh General if- if a children uh get out of school at three oh clock you say that at three oh clock school does what? 434: Oh. Out. Interviewer: School's out? Okay. Uh and after- after vacations over with you would say well when does school- 434: Start. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Alright if a- if a boy left here in the morning, he was supposed to go to school but uh he didn't show up you'd say he did what? If he- 434: That he- Interviewer: He would be left here at morning, he was supposed to go to school. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: But he never showed up you'd say that- 434: Well he dropped out. Interviewer: Just 434: #1 dropped out # Interviewer: #2 dropped out? # 434: of school today. Interviewer: Okay. What do you go to school for General? To get a- 434: Education. Interviewer: Okay. And after high school some people go on 434: #1 it's c- # Interviewer: #2 to what? # 434: c- {D: college} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. After after- some children go to play school you know or kindergarten and after they get through with kindergarten they go into what? 434: To they- I don't know about that now- they take the first grade? Interviewer: Yeah that's right. 434: First grade. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. {NS} Uh you know a long time ago in the old-fashioned schools the children would sit on these benches but now each child has it- has his own- 434: Desk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh you would say if you have two of 'em there- look at those two 434: Desks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What do you call a- a book a- I mean a- a place in town General that- that just has a lot of books that people can come in and read? 434: Bookstore. Interviewer: Okay if you don't want to buy 'em you can just borrow 'em 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 what do you call that p- # 434: Magazines? Interviewer: Alright they might- 434: I reckon that's what it is. You borrow 'em and take 'em back. Interviewer: That's right. 434: Bookstore. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard it called a library? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Have you ever been to one? 434: I don't know as I have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: I don't reckon they would have no goodies and I couldn't read Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 You could go in and pass the time of day with the librarian I guess. # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # It'd be like a- the man who's in school Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: and the- his old man they was teaching school. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And he burst out in a big laugh and the teacher asked him what's so funny? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And he just hooped out again, old man. She said what's so funny? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: He said ms teacher? {NW} I see some womens in this book standing on his head {D: and he had his book buy the wall} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh me. {NW} He kinda told on 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 himself didn't he? # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # {NW} {NW} Where would you take a- where would you take a- a package to mail it in town General? 434: Post office. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about if you were in a strange town you might have to stay overnight, you might get you a room at- 434: In a hotel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call a place where you went to see a play or a movie? 434: {NW} I don't know what they call that place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you call it a theater? 434: That's what should call it a theater. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. If you had to go into town to get an operation General, where would you go? 434: Doctor. Interviewer: Or 434: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 what do you # call the building? 434: The operating room. Interviewer: Well what the operating room is part of, the- 434: Uh the hospital. Interviewer: Right. Okay. What do you- what do you call the woman who looks after you in the hospital? 434: Nurse. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh if you have to catch a train you'd go down to the- 434: Down to the next stop {X} some town in there? Interviewer: Well sometimes you know there's a- a- there's a specific place, there's a- a special building where the train'll stop. Say well I- if I'm gonna catch the train I need to go down to the- 434: Train station. Interviewer: Okay. Train station. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Where would you go to catch the bus? 434: Bus station. Interviewer: okay. What do you call the place in the center of the town around the courthouse? Used to- used to be in Troy like that, you called it what? 434: Parking lot. Interviewer: Parking lot or it's uh you ever heard it called anything else? {NS} You know it's- it's uh surrounded on all four sides by stores. And you call the place right in the middle #1 the # 434: #2 {D: and the} # Right in the middle they call that the square Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 434: #2 Wouldn't they? # Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 heard it # called court square or- 434: Court square. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Let's see {B} if uh- let me see. {NS} Let's see General. Alright. Let's say you know, there's a street running this way and a street running that way. And if there's a fellow standing at the corner right here and if he crosses the street like that how would you say he's co- crossing the street? He's going what? You know 434: #1 it's- # Interviewer: #2 in- # instead of crossing from here to here and then going from here to here he just goes straight across like that. {NS} {NS} How would you say he's crossing the street? {NS} 434: He's- he's going straight across. Interviewer: You'd just say he's going straight across? 434: Straight across the street. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: You see he ain't turning to these corners. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ev- have you ever heard anybody say he's- he's uh crossing caddy- caddy cornered? 434: #1 Now that's- that's- # Interviewer: #2 {X} Never heard of that thing # 434: that's what it would be kinda. Interviewer: Caddy cornered? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of these uh- {NS} these uh things that they used to have in cities that uh ran on tracks and they had a wire overhead? 434: {NW} {D: Electric?} Interviewer: Just uh- you know what they were called? I have to go down and catch the- 434: Elevator? Interviewer: No it's- it's not an elevator they- they run on rails. And uh they're powered by an electric line that 434: It wouldn't be a train Interviewer: #1 runs above it. # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: No-c well have you ever heard- uh c- #1 heard of uh streetcars? # Aux: #2 Streetcars. # 434: Streetcar. Aux: Uh-huh. 434: That's right, well Interviewer: #1 Still # 434: #2 that's # Interviewer: have 'em in New Orleans. 434: Yeah. Well you see I ain't never been around nothing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 like that. # Now I've heard of streetcars. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Run by electrics and I seen electric trains Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: on railroads. Interviewer: Okay good. {NW} Alright if you were- if you were riding a bus General you might tell the bus driver well the next corner is where I want to- 434: Get off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Okay. Let's see. Alright. Alright we're in Pike County aren't we {B} 434: That's right. Interviewer: Alright now you'd say that- that Troy is the what of Pike County? 434: Troy is the center. Interviewer: The center 434: #1 Of Pike # Interviewer: #2 or # 434: county. Interviewer: #1 Or what about- # 434: #2 In the # county seat. Interviewer: That's right. Okay. Wha- what's that county in Al- in Alabama close to here. They have two county seats? 434: #1 Montgomery # Interviewer: #2 You ever hear- # 434: county. Interviewer: Is it Montgomery? 434: It is uh- Interviewer: I thought it was uh 434: {D: Screeching} Crenshaw? Interviewer: I was thinking it was uh Coffee County you know. Enterprise and Elba? 434: That's back on this other end. Interviewer: Yeah. Oh okay. 434: Coffee County and Enterprise. Interviewer: Okay. Alright General if uh- if you're an- if a man's an FBI agent- if he works for the Federal Bureau of In- Investigation you'd say that uh he's working for the federal- or the postmaster works for the federal what? 434: I can't place that now. Interviewer: Just the federal government? 434: He works- he works for the government don't he? Interviewer: Yeah, he doesn't work for the state government, he works for the- 434: Federal government. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. What uh- what are the police in a town supposed to do? They're supposed to maintain or they're supposed to keep 434: Order. Interviewer: Okay. 434: Peace. Interviewer: Alright. Sometimes- sometimes you use that word together with order, some people say that the police keep and order. 434: That's right, keep things in order. Interviewer: Okay or law and order? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the- the war that was fought between the North and the South {NS} back in the eighteen sixties? 434: I don't know what we call that. World War? Interviewer: #1 No. # 434: #2 No. # Interviewer: No. 434: That wasn't here. {NW} was the war- w- North was against the South Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 right? # Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever heard it called a Civil War? Or the war between the states? 434: That's right, that's all I'd know to call it. Interviewer: Okay. 434: The Civil War. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard it called the war of Northern Aggression? Never heard it called that? Okay. Alright General before they had uh the electric chair murderers where what? What did they do to murderers before they had the electric chair? {NS} They might go out and tie a rope around 434: #1 And break # Interviewer: #2 a tree # 434: his neck. Interviewer: You'd say they were gonna 434: #1 That's # Aux: #2 Hang him. # 434: right. Interviewer: What were they gonna do to him? They were gonna- 434: #1 Hang him. # Aux: #2 Hang him. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Or you might say if a man took his own life you might say well I heard that that man went out and- 434: Committed suicide. Interviewer: Or if he did by what we were talking about he went out and- 434: Hung his- himself. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # {NW} {B} You- you were saying the other day that you had spent some time in New Jersey. Do you know any of the other states up there in the north? 434: Well I went to Philadelphia and uh New York. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And several little places in New Jersey they called different names. Cranbury and Long Branch and Allentown and all them different places where there's {X} in New Jersey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You- 434: {D: New York} New Jersey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you know if uh- do you know uh where- have you ever heard of Richmond? 434: Virginia? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Passed it coming home on a train. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of Raleigh? 434: Pass it. Raleigh, North Carolina. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- what's the state that's just south of North Carolina? 434: Is it Tennessee? Memphis, Tennessee? Interviewer: You been 434: #1 {D: That's a-} # Interviewer: #2 there? # 434: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 434: {D: Now we} {NS} Aux: {X} 434: Chattanooga, Tennessee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Memphis, Tennessee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What are some of the states other than Tennessee that are right next door to Alabama? Aux: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Where's Atlanta? 434: Is Atlanta in Alabama? Interviewer: No Atlanta's in the state that's next door. It's in Georgia. Have you ever been to Georgia? 434: I've been to Georgia. I've been to Atlanta. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the state where they grow all the oranges? 434: Florida. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about- have you ever- well New- New Orleans, where is New Orleans? What state's it in? 434: Well I don't know, I never been there Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Never- # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: never been to Louisiana? 434: Is- is that on the coast line? Cuz I reckon I been through it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And I way across Georgia Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 {X} # and all back in there {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know- do you know the state where they raise a lotta horses and they race horses there a lot? And they make a lotta whiskey there? 434: What is it? California? Interviewer: Uh well. Not- this is- this is a state 434: #1 In Alabama? # Interviewer: #2 that's in the south. # It's in the south. You ever- you ever heard of Lexington? Lexington Kentucky? Ever been 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 434: I've heard of this Kentucky. Interviewer: Okay. 434: {X} Kentucky they several of them little places, I used to pass on there coming through on- on a car I come through all them places, them Kentuckys and things that- Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Different places. Interviewer: What about the uh- another state next to Alabama? Uh the- what do you call the great big river that cuts through large part of the country? It's named after the state. 434: Alabama River. Interviewer: There is an Alabama River. What about uh do you know- have you ever heard of Oxford? 434: Never have. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 Not as # I know of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever been to Mississippi? {NS} 434: Never been to Mississippi. Interviewer: Okay. 434: Mississippi River. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. A lo- have you ever heard of a place called Little Rock? 434: I've heard of that. Little Rock. Arkansas. Interviewer: That's right. Do you remember uh where President Truman was from? Do you know President Harry Truman? Okay you ne- 434: I might've heard it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You've uh- didn't know it that he was from Missouri then? Ever- ever been to Missouri? 434: I don't know, I hadn't ever been Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 434: #2 there. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: Do you know of uh any of the states out in the west? You know the big state were they produce a lot of oil? 434: I don't know none of them states. {X} Interviewer: Don't know where the- all the cowboys were supposed to be from? 434: Let's see. That's- the cowboys comes out of the west don't they? Interviewer: That's right. Texas? 434: Texas. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} #1 Have uh- # 434: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: uh- 434: Texas cowboys. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Oklahoma? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Do you know uh what they call the city that's the capital of the country? It's up there just past uh Maryland. Just past Virginia do you know what they call it? The nation's capital? 434: I don't know what they call that. Interviewer: Okay you might have been through it. Washington D-C? 434: Washington D-C now I've been there, now many times cuz I caught a train in Washington Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 434: D-C Interviewer: Have you ever been to that real big city in Maryland? You know what they call it? It begins with a B. Bal- Been to Baltimore? 434: Baltimore. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Alright let's see. What about the- you remember the- do you know the name of the old seaport in South Carolina? 434: I sure don't. Interviewer: You been to Charleston? 434: Charleston Sou- South Carolina. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 {D: It has} # several {X} kilometers in there but I don't know about that, I just passed through there on the trains. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of the- the great big city in Illinois? It's almost as big as New York. Where they have all the cattle- 434: I've heard of it. Interviewer: But you've never heard of Chicago? 434: Heard of that. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever been to the porch city in Alabama? Down at the bottom part of the state. 434: Never Interviewer: #1 on # 434: #2 have # Interviewer: the water, Mobile? 434: Never been to- no further down there {X} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Did you say you'd ever been to Columbus, Georgia? 434: Now Columbus, Georgia's between here and Atlanta. Interviewer: Ever been to Macon? 434: Macon, Georgia. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Tippmann, Georgia and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Several little old Georgias between here and Atlanta Georgia. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 434: And I went through Interviewer: Do you- have you ever heard of any uh- of any foreign countries? You mentioned Russia the other day, do you know about any others? {NS} 434: {D: That I know about} Pasadena. What is that, Cali- Interviewer: #1 That's- that's # 434: #2 Where is that? # Interviewer: in California. That's in this country. 434: Is it? {D: This our-} this is in our state? Interviewer: It's- well no it's about three thousand miles away out west. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of Paris? 434: Paris. Interviewer: Do you know where- what country Paris is in? 434: I sure don't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever heard of Paris France? 434: I've heard of that. France. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: That's in- back in the- where they goes in the army. Peoples goes back in there. Boys come out back there talking about France. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of uh of a city called Dublin? 434: Never have heard of that but there's a Dublin right up here. Interviewer: Is that right? 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well it's not #1 too far away at all. # 434: #2 {X} # the road there. They call Dublin or- It ain't but one store there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You never heard of dublin Ireland? 434: Never have. Interviewer: Okay. Alright well. If somebody asked you to go with him {B} {X} and you're not too sure that you want to you'd say well I don't know if- 434: I might. Interviewer: I- I might but I don't know- 434: Yeah. Interviewer: I don't know if- You'd just tell me, if you're not sure you want to go with me you'd say well I might but I'm not sure if- {NS} Or I don't know- I don't- would you ever say I don't know if I want to? 434: Don't know whether I want to go or not. Interviewer: Okay. 434: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Right. Alright. If you'd have a friend of your's who's real sick General and he's not likely to get any better- if uh- if s- if somebody asked you how he's coming along you might say well it seems 434: In bad shape. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, if you were asked to go somewhere without {B} you might say well I won't go- 434: Without her. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. When uh- if you're- if- if your daughter- if you had to do the dishes one day General and let's say uh if your daughter didn't help you with them you'd say well she went off playing- 434: And I had to do the dishes. Interviewer: Alright or- or uh- or you might say well why did you sit around- 434: And I had to do the dishes. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say- she went off playing instead of helping me? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Alright if- if a fellow is a real funny man General and- and you like him you say well I like him- Why do you like him? I like him- 434: Cuz he's funny. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. If uh- if two mem- if uh- if two people became members of a church General you'd say that they did what? They- 434: Joined the church. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, that's good. And you say the preacher preaches a what? 434: Good sermon. Interviewer: Okay. Hopefully it'll be good. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And uh one man might say well I go to church to hear the sermon and another might say well I don't care anything about the sermon, I just go to hear the- Aux: Singing. 434: Hear the singing. Interviewer: Alright the peop- they're play- they're making- 434: Music. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. What uh- let's see- if you- if the roo- if the music is really nice and you like it you'd say of that music sure is 434: Good music. Interviewer: Good music. 434: {X} {X} Interviewer: Or if uh- if there's a real nice sunset outside you say boy that sunset sure was- 434: Was beautiful. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Alright General if you had to- if you were on your way to church but your car had a flat tire hen you had to get out and change it you might- you'd say well church- church gonna be over 434: Time I get there. Interviewer: That's right. That's right. General what do you call that- the enemy and the opposite of god? You call him the- 434: Unbelievers. Interviewer: The unbeliever or is there supposed to be- one fellow you know you hear about, he might have horns and all that? He's called the- 434: Demon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What is it uh that sometimes some people think they see him around the graveyard? Maybe dressed in white and they scare people? 434: I don't what the- they call that a {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you- are you- have you ever heard that called anything else? 434: Ghosts, I heard 'em call 'em ghosts. Interviewer: Ghosts. Okay. What would you call- uh if somebody died real strangely and mysteriously in a house and the peop- people were afraid to live there you'd say I don't want to go up there, that's an old- 434: {D: Haunted} place. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. And if it's uh- if it's getting- if it's getting cold General you- you might say well I better put a sweater on, it's getting- 434: Cold. Interviewer: Getting- or it's getting chilly. 434: Getting chilly. Interviewer: A little chilly. Would you ever say it's getting rather chilly? Aux: Uh-huh. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Or would you- would you say kind of chilly? Or sort of chilly? 434: Sort of chilly, yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 434: #2 that's what # I says Interviewer: Okay. 434: You get mighty cold {X} sweaters it's getting sort of chilly. Interviewer: Okay. Alright uh. You might say well if I wanted you to go somewhere and you didn't particularly want to go you might say well I'll go if you insist but I'd- 434: Don't wanna go. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say you'd rather not go? 434: I'd rather not go. Interviewer: Okay. Wha- General if you haven't seen a friend of your's in a long time what might you say to him when you first 434: #1 I'm glad # Interviewer: #2 see him? # 434: to see you. Interviewer: Okay. If a man owns five hundred acres of land General how much land would that be? You'd say {NW} you sure do own 434: A lotta lands. Interviewer: A lotta land. Okay. {NS} General let's see. If you told me that you uh were chopping wood and I said well can you really do that? Uh do you think you can do that? And you'd say I- 434: Think I can. Interviewer: Okay. Or would you say uh I sure can? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Alright uh General if you wanted to be real polite to somebody would you- say if you wanted to be real polite to a man w- if you were answering a question would you just say yes or would you say yes- 434: Yes sir. Interviewer: And to a woman? 434: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Okay. Let's see. If somebody intensely disliked to go somewhere you'd say well he- 434: He didn't like to go. Or he didn't want to go. Interviewer: Or he- he really didn't want to go? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. You know if- if- if it wasn't just a little cold this morning General you might say it wasn't just a little cold, it was 434: C- It was real cold. Interviewer: That's right. Okay. Or if uh if {B} cooked something that you like you wouldn't say well it wasn't just good, it was- 434: Real good. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. If you- if you got really excited about something General what might you- what might you say? You'd say- Can you think of anything that you might say just real quick if you got excited over something? 434: I don't know what I'd say anything but I'd say {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 434: {NW} Interviewer: If I- if I said that uh they just dropped a bomb outside what would you say? 434: Well Interviewer: {X} would you ever say land sakes! Or something like that? 434: I don't know what I'd say anything {D: much} Interviewer: {NW} 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You just run {X} # 434: #1 I can # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: think what to say. Interviewer: If somebody- if somebody- if you'd asked some- somebody to do something and they just went ahead and did something real stupid what might you say about that? 434: You crazy. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. If uh- if somebody if you heard that somebody had said that you had done something really bad or really shocking you might show a kind of resentment by saying well why the- 434: Well I didn't do it. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say why the idea! Would you ever heard {D: other} 434: #1 Somebody # Interviewer: #2 people say that? # 434: I would would accuse me of something I didn't do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say- have you ever heard anybody say, why the idea of that! {NS} 434: Well I might have. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. When uh- when you meet somebody what do you say uh to greet him General? The first thing that you see when you see somebody, you'd say well- 434: Good morning. Interviewer: Good morning or- 434: Good afternoon. Interviewer: If you're asking about their health you might say- 434: How do you do? Interviewer: Okay. Alright 434: How do you feel? Or something like that Interviewer: Sure. When somebody's leaving after a short visit General you might tell them to what? 434: Come back. Interviewer: Okay. Or I hope you'll 434: Hope you'll come back to see me. Interviewer: Okay, would you ever say come again? 434: Yeah. Okay. How- how do you greet somebody around uh December twenty-fifth? You'd say to 'em what? Aux: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: You say merry- 434: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: That's right. Okay. Have you ever heard people say anything else? Especially when somebody maybe got up on Christmas morning, the first thing they say when they- 434: Christmas gifts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: {NW} Interviewer: Yep. Have you ever heard anybody say anything that meant the same thing? 434: I don't know {X} to me there's a- they have so many different ways. Interviewer: Yeah. What would you say to somebody on- on the first of January? You wouldn't say- 434: New Year's gift. Interviewer: Okay. Or you might say happy- 434: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Okay. If uh- if somebody has done something for you and- that you really appreciated you might say well I'm- I'm much 434: Much obliged. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Okay. General if- if you're not sure whether you'll have time to do something or not but uh you likely will you- you might say well I- I'll have time. 434: I- I'll- don't have time but I will. Interviewer: Okay or- 434: If I have time I will. Interviewer: Okay. Or would you ever say well I think I'll have time to do 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 that. # 434: right. Interviewer: Okay. Alright you might say that uh {B} might say that she had to- has to go downtown to do some 434: Shopping. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if- if you bought something the store keep- the storekeeper might take a piece of paper and- 434: Write. Interviewer: Okay. Alright and when you get home with the package you have to 434: Open it. Interviewer: Or just 434: Unfold it. Interviewer: Okay if- if he wrapped it you 434: I unwrap it. Interviewer: That's right. Okay. If uh- if this store that you go to has to sell things at uh less than what the storekeeper paid for 'em you'd say that that store is selling at a- If- if he- if he sells something- {NS} if he sells something for less than what he paid for it then you'd say he's selling it at a- 434: At cost. Under a price or something, wouldn't you? Interviewer: Okay. Or maybe at a loss? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Or something like that? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Doesn't sound like a very good business- 434: # 434: #1 Sure. # Interviewer: #2 {D: does it?} # {NW} 434: They ain't gonna do that though is- Interviewer: No. No not too many 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 stores I know about. # 434: {NW} Interviewer: That's right. Alright General if you were looking at a- at a place uh down the road that sells tractors you'd say {NW} that sure is a nice tractor but I can't buy it because it- 434: Too high. Interviewer: Right. Or it- it cost too much 434: #1 Costs # Interviewer: #2 right? # 434: Too much, that's right. Interviewer: Okay. General if it's- if it's time to pay the bill you say well the bill is 434: Is due. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: But I can't pay it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I find myself in that situation 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 a lot. # 434: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. General if a- if a person belongs 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 to- # to a club you say that he has to pay the 434: Dues. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Alright, that's good. If- if you don't have any money General you- you might go to a fie- a friend and try to- 434: Borrow some. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. You know you were telling me yesterday there aren't many good workers around anymore, you might say well good workers are getting mighty- 434: Scarce. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah, have you ever seen anybody maybe down at a- a pond or a swimming pool and they have this- this long board up high and they go out and bounce off that thing? You'd say they're doing what? 434: Diving? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. You'd say he ran down the springboard and- 434: And {D: dove} in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Or you might say well- well he just did it you know. Nine or ten of 'em off it already 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Nine or ten # of 'em did what? 434: {D: Div} in Interviewer: Okay. Right. Alright. What do you call it General when somebody- have you ever seen anybody dive in the water and just land flat on their stomach? What- 434: {X} that's right. They call that a belly buster. Interviewer: It really bust it too. 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Turn it {D: stark} red. # 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # When I did that I threw up a lot of water around me. 434: You tell 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 434: Like a rain {D: right} Interviewer: That's right. Just like a rain. Okay. General have you ever seen anybody- maybe a- a little child out in the yard playing- he'll get down on his head then he'll kick his feet and he'll go over? You'd say he's doing a what? 434: Tumbleset. Interviewer: Okay. Let's see. If uh- if the- if he wanted- if he wanted to get across the river General you'd say that- that he- that he- that he dove in and he 434: Swim-ed across. Interviewer: Okay. And you say those children like to 434: Like to swim. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you would say well I've- 434: I used to. Interviewer: Okay or I have- 434: I have swim. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. General have you ever heard of uh of when you- you pay your bill down at the store sometimes the- some storekeepers will give you a little present? 434: That's right. Interviewer: What do they call that? 434: Call that giving you a tip. Interviewer: Giving you a tip? Okay. {NS} Alright. Okay General you were telling me when we were riding around a- a while ago about a person who got in the water and did what? You know it killed him? You'd say 434: Drowned-ed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. And if- if- if I wasn't there I'd say well I didn't see him 434: Drown. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What is a- what is a baby do before it's able to walk, you say it- 434: Crawl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If uh- if you saw something up a tree General and you wanted to take a closer look at it you'd have to go over to the tree and- 434: Go up the tree and look at it. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say that you just- 434: Climbed up. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} You might say well that sure would be a hard tree to 434: Climb. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But- but my neighbor last year he- 434: He climbed it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But I've never 434: Climbed it. Interviewer: Such a tree and I don't intend to. 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} General if- if I wanted to hide behind a- a low bush you'd say that I'd have to do what? 434: Squat down. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What does uh- if a little child's gonna say his prayers right before he goes to bed you'd say he goes by- over beside his bed and he 434: Get on his knees. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Or {NS} I'm- or when he does that you'd say he's 434: Saying his prayers. Interviewer: Okay. Alright if uh- if I say I'm feeling tired I believe I'll go to the bed and- 434: Lay down. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if if I were really sick I couldn't- I couldn't even sit up I'd just had to- I had to- do what in bed? 434: {NS} Have to sit up in bed. Interviewer: Or if- even if I couldn't sit up, if I was just flat on my back I had to- 434: Lay on your side? Interviewer: Okay. Alright. General have you ever when you were asleep {NS} uh sometime- what do people do when they sleep sometimes? When they see thing- 434: Dream. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If uh- but uh- you might say that you can't always remember what you've- 434: Dreamed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. But y- you might say if you're dreaming say I was dreaming about this but all of a sudden I- 434: #1 Woke # Interviewer: #2 And then # 434: up. Interviewer: Uh-huh and the dream was over with. Okay. If I- if I do this to the floor General what am I doing? I'm- 434: Stomping. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Let's see. If I wanted to get a- if I'd been out on the pond in a boat and I wanted to get that boat up on the land I might take me a rope and tie it to the boat and- 434: Draw it to. Interviewer: Okay. 434: Pull it out. Interviewer: Alright. Or if uh- if Edgar got his truck stuck in the mud back there somewhere he might ask me to take my car and get behind him and give him a- 434: Push. Push him out. Interviewer: That's right. Okay. If uh- if you carried a- a real heavy suitcase for a long ways General instead of saying I carried it you might say I- Instead of- 434: Tote it? Interviewer: Okay. Fine. Alright. If uh- if you might tell a child who's close to the stove say might say that stove's real hot don't- 434: Don't touch it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If you wanted- if you wanted a knife General {NS} and uh you were gonna send somebody for it you say go- Like if there was- if there a knife in that room 434: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 You # wanted 434: go get that knife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. General what kinda- when you were a little- a little child did you ever play any outdoor games? 434: I played marbles. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: And Interviewer: #1 General # 434: #2 Some # other little old something, I don't know what they call it where you used to play. I can't think of it now. Interviewer: Did you ever play a game where somebody had to hide and the 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 other person had to # find you? 434: What did you call that? {D: Go} hide and somebody find you. Interviewer: Hide and go seek? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Do you remember what uh- what you call the place that you ran for in hide and go seek? You had to get to the- 434: You have to get to the safe place before they touch you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you know what that would 434: #1 What we # Interviewer: #2 be called? # 434: call that? I don't know. Interviewer: {X} Did you ever heard it called uh goal? Or was it- 434: That's right. Interviewer: base or something like that? 434: Yeah you see if you run like {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 somebody else. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's right. Okay. Alright General if- if you threw me a ball I- I'm supposed to do what? 434: Catch it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If I said well let's meet in town General, if I get there first I'll- 434: Wait for you. Interviewer: Okay. Uh- Let's see. Okay. If- if somebody's just got a smile on his face all the time General and he's got good to s- he's got something good to say about just about everybody you say well he sure seems to be in a good 434: Humor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If uh- if you have somebody who works for you General and he just keeps loafing all the time you might have- you might have to uh discharge him you know and you'd say- you might say to a friend of your's well I think I'm gonna get- 434: Get {X} Interviewer: Okay. And uh after you've- after you've uh gotten rid of him he might come back to you and ask- ask you to take him on again- he might say well General just give me 434: Another chance. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. You know have you ever known anybody who really didn't know what was going on at all but- but he- did what? He really didn't know what was going on but he- 434: He'd ask? Interviewer: Okay or would you ever say uh he acted like he knew it all? 434: He'd act like some of them do, act like he didn't know it but he's act like he know it. Interviewer: That's right. Okay. {NS} If uh- if a boy left his- his best pencil out on the table somewhere General and he came back and it wasn't there he might say well I bet somebody 434: Got it. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Would you ever say some- somebody #1 Stole- # 434: #2 Picked # it up or stole it. Interviewer: Maybe swiped it? 434: That's right, somebody swiped my pencil. Interviewer: Okay. Alright you know if uh- if all of a sudden you think of something you might say well {NS} I'd forgotten about that but now I- 434: Thought of it. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say to me well you must have a better memory than I do because I sure 434: Didn't think of it. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. You might say you know if uh- I might sit down and I might want to get in touch with somebody I hadn't heard from in a long time I just need- I need to sit down and him a letter. I need to- I need to take- 434: Sit down and wait. Interviewer: Or I need to take my pen and- 434: Write. Interviewer: #1 Write a- # 434: #2 Write. # Interviewer: a letter. Okay. And you might say well yesterday he- 434: Wrote me. Interviewer: A letter right. And- and uh tomorrow I'll- 434: Receive. Interviewer: Okay. Or tomorrow I'll write one to him. 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Fine. And uh after I write him a letter I'll expect a- 434: A hand. Interviewer: Okay. Or maybe I'll expect an answer from him? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. now what do you call it General when you- after you've written the letter and you take the envelope and you- and you- and you take your pen and you do what to it? 434: Address it. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh- I say well I want to write to him but I can't remember his- 434: Address. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. If uh- if uh- if a little boy has learned something new General like you know for instance if he's just learned to whistle you might say you might wanna know where he learned that and you would say well who- 434: Who'd you learn- to whistle? Or when did you- who did you learn it from? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Alright uh- if somebody asks you if you've put up that new fence you been thinking about putting up yet and you say well no but I- pretty soon. I- 434: I will put it up. Interviewer: Okay. Or maybe I- I mean to. 434: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Or- # 434: uh may intend to put it up Interviewer: Yeah. 434: but if I ain't put it up. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Uh- General What do- what do uh- what do children call uh somebody who's always running around and telling on 'em? They call- 434: Tattler. Interviewer: Tattler. Alright. Okay. Does uh- have you ever heard of what women do or- {X} maybe men too when they just sit around and they talk about other folks behind their back you say- 434: Gossiping. Interviewer: Does gossip mean the same thing 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 as tattle? # 434: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh if you wanted to brighten up your room a little bit General you might tell Vera to go out and pick a few 434: Flowers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What uh- what might- what's something that a- a child might play with? You'd say uh- well that- I need to buy- go out and buy this little child a- 434: Doll? Interviewer: A doll okay or a- a- just call it a- a toy maybe? 434: Some little toy or something to play with. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever uh- have you ever heard anybody use the word play-pretty? Aux: Uh-huh- 434: Sure have. Interviewer: Does it mean the 434: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 same thing? # 434: {X} Interviewer: It means the same thing as toy? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. General if- if something had happened that you expected to happen or you might have predicted it or something like that or you were afraid it was going to happen and uh- for example if uh- if a little child hurt himself while he was doing something he shouldn't have been doing you might say after you heard it well 434: I told you. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. What about uh- if I have something that you need right now {NS} you might- and- you need it right now you'd say 434: Give me. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- and I- I might say talking about giving me something I might say well that's the book that you- that's the book that you- If you presented me with the book 434: Yeah. Interviewer: and you see me with it 434: Yes. Interviewer: you say isn't that the book I- 434: Presented you? #1 That's the book I give you. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah right. Okay. Alright. Talking about what it did today General uh outside in the weather you might say well I sure am glad I carried my umbrella. We hadn't gone but a little piece when it- 434: Start raining. Interviewer: Okay. Aux: Stop. {X} stop. Interviewer: Started raining? 434: Started raining. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Alright. Alright you know General when- when horses are are moving rapidly they- you say they gallop. Alright horses gallop but people do what? When they want to get somewhere in a hurry. They don't just walk they- 434: They run. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You might say that- they have a mile everyday. They've 434: They was in a hurry or something Interviewer: #1 Or they've- # 434: #2 {D: like that} # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {X} they running, there's something or other they in a hurry. Interviewer: Right. Okay. If you don't know where a- a man's was born General you might ask well where does he- from? Where does he- 434: Where was he born at? Where was he from? Interviewer: Alright would you ever say where does he come from? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 434: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # Interviewer: And uh- after you ask that- after you ask where somebody- where did he come from some might say well well he- in on the train last night. He- 434: Got on the train last night. Interviewer: Alright but if he's- if he's moving into town by the train he- Aux: Came in last night. Interviewer: Would you ever say he came in? 434: Came in last night. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. If you notice somebody outside- outside the house a few minutes ago General you might say well I thought I 434: Saw you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you might say if this person's about to leave I hope to- 434: See you again. Interviewer: Okay. I hope to see you again because we've- so little of you before. We've- 434: That's right. Interviewer: We've done what? I hope to see you again because we've so little of you before 434: That's right. I- I didn't- {NW} It's like I didn't have chance to s- to spend no time with him. Interviewer: Right. 434: I hope to see you again. Interviewer: Because we haven't- 434: That's- haven't uh spent much time Interviewer: #1 Okay or # 434: #2 together. # Interviewer: we haven't seen you much? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Alright. General have you ever seen the highway department out on the road and they you know- working on the road you might say to somebody well you can't get through there, the high- highway department's got all those machines in there and they've got- and the roads all- 434: Blocked. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. If uh you give somebody a- a bracelet General, might give a little girl a bracelet and and after you've given it to her you might say to her well why don't you 434: Wear your bracelet. Interviewer: Or why don't you Aux: Put it on. 434: Put it on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Alright. {NS} If you're out there {NS} uh chopping wood {NS} you might turn to me and say well can you- the same thing I'm doing- 434: Chop wood? Interviewer: Alright. 434: Can you chop wood? Interviewer: Alright or can you do this? 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. And I might say sure I've I've- 434: I have chopped wood. Interviewer: Or I have- that before. I- 434: That's right. I've done it before. Interviewer: Okay fine. If you're- if you're just sitting around with somebody General and uh- and you're- and you're not saying anything and all of a sudden he says what'd you say? You might say- 434: I ain't said nothing. Interviewer: Alright. Anybody ever- 434: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 thought you said something # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 before General? # 434: #2 Somebody went # to sleep like I did you know and woke up and thought they said something. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh- If- if- you've heard of uh- if you heard of somebody doing something really peculiar you might say, if somebody told you about it why I've never heard of- 434: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And uh- if uh you were telling me that your family {NS} has lived in Briar Hill for a lo- f- for all their lives you- you might say well my family has- has- 434: Has left Briar Hill. Interviewer: Or if they're- 434: Or they was {NS} raised in Briar Hill Interviewer: Okay. If they- they've- they've- they've been here just- it seems forever 434: {X} Interviewer: you say they've- say they've always been here? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Alright you might say- a- a person might say General when he was trying to ride a horse well I got thrown one time and I been scared of horses ever- 434: Ever since. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If you say that somebody didn't do it- say it wasn't an accident. He did it- 434: On purpose. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh and if somebody wants to find out something General you might say well I don't know you better 434: See so and so. Interviewer: Or you better- I don't know about that, I can't tell you about that you better 434: Ask some- Interviewer: Yeah. 434: somebody else. Interviewer: Okay. And- so- so you did and you- 434: Found out. Interviewer: Okay. Or- or you might say if you're getting tired of that well don't ask me that, you've several time- already, you've- 434: That's right, you done asked me that two or three time. Interviewer: Right. Alright if- if two pe- if two men just don't like each other much at all General you might say well it seems like every time they meet they- 434: Argue. Interviewer: Or they- 434: That's right. Interviewer: If they- 434: {D: Driving} one another. Interviewer: Alright. Or they fight each other? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Tho- you might say those boys just really like to fight {X} they've- ever since I've known 'em they've- 434: Been fighting. Interviewer: Okay. Alright General if- if somebody took a knife {NS} and did that to you you'd say that he- 434: Stabbed me. Interviewer: Okay. Or- you know if the teacher comes into the school room and there's a real funny picture that some- that's up there on the blackboard she might ask well who- 434: Put that up there. Interviewer: Okay or- or maybe who- what would you call it if you were up there doing something like that? I was making a picture, you might say I'm- 434: Marking? Interviewer: Okay or- uh she might ask who drew that? 434: That's- Interviewer: Okay. 434: drawing! Interviewer: Alright. If uh- if somebody was going to lift something like a great big piece of machinery and they had to lift it all the way up on a roof General you might- {X} they might have to use a pulley bo- blocks and a rope to do what? 434: Pull it up. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard anybody say that you need the block and tackle to 434: That's right. That's- Aux: #1 Pull it # 434: #2 right. # Aux: way up. Interviewer: Would you ever say hoist it up? 434: #1 I ain't never # Interviewer: #2 You ever heard that? # 434: heard that on the block and tackle {X} pull it up. Interviewer: Just pull it up? 434: That's right. Interviewer: And not hoist? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Do some counting for me. Okay? How about just counting from one to twenty? Slowly. 434: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty. Interviewer: Okay. What's the number after twenty-six General? 434: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Okay what's the number after twenty-nine? 434: Thirty. Interviewer: Uh-huh, what's the number after thirty-nine? 434: Forty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the number after sixty-nine? 434: Seventy. Interviewer: What's the number after ninety-nine? 434: Hundred. Interviewer: What's the number after nine hundred and ninety-nine? 434: N- nine hundred and ninety-nine? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: That's n- that's- that's nine hundred and- and ninety-nine ain't it? Interviewer: It'd be a- a thousand. 434: Thousand and nine. Ninety. Interviewer: Okay a thousand. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright uh. Have you ever heard of uh- of uh- a million of anything General? 434: A million? Interviewer: Uh-h- 434: I've heard of peoples having a million dollars. Interviewer: Okay. General what's the day of the month that the bills are due for most people? 434: What's the day of the month they do what now? Interviewer: That the bills are due. 434: October. First. Interviewer: The first of the month? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay what's the day after the first, you'd say it's the- 434: Second. Interviewer: And the day after that? 434: Third. Interviewer: And the day 434: #1 Fourth. # Interviewer: #2 after that? # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: Fifth. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Interviewer: Okay good. Alright uh General sometimes you might feel that you get your good luck just a little bit at a time but it seems like your bad luck comes- 434: Before? Interviewer: Or if- if- if you just get a little bit of your good luck coming at a time 434: Yeah. Interviewer: It seems like it- it happens that way but your bad luck just- 434: All piles in at once. Interviewer: That's right. {NW} 434: That's right. Interviewer: Alright General if uh if last year I got twenty bushels of corn to the acre and this year I got forty bushels I'd say that this year's crop was- 434: Was uh better than last year's crop. Interviewer: As a matter of fact it- 434: #1 It- it- # Interviewer: #2 it'd be- # 434: {D: deuced} it more. Interviewer: If I got forty- if I got uh forty bushels this year 434: And twenty Interviewer: and twenty last year then this year my crop was- 434: Double. Interviewer: #1 Alright or- # 434: #2 From what # it was. Interviewer: Or you say its'- as good it's- 434: It's better. Interviewer: Twice as good. 434: Twice as good. Interviewer: Right okay. What's the first month of the year General? 434: January. Interviewer: And after that? 434: February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. And uh Oc- no- Novemb- October! Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: #1 No- # Interviewer: #2 And then- # 434: and December. Interviewer: Alright. This month is what? 434: It's October. Interviewer: Well- 434: This is- this is October. Interviewer: What's after October? 434: December. Interviewer: What about November? 434: {NS} November. Interviewer: I think this- 434: This is- Interviewer: this is 434: #1 This is coming- # Interviewer: #2 November. # 434: this is November Interviewer: #1 Right. # 434: #2 now. # Interviewer: Right. 434: This next month's December. Interviewer: Okay right, today is uh today's Thursday General so tomorrow is- 434: Friday. Interviewer: And the day after that? 434: Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Interviewer: O- 434: Friday. Interviewer: Okay good. Alright General when- if you met somebody at about eleven oh clock in the morning or eleven o'clock in- in the daytime what would you say to 'em? You'd say good- 434: Good morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What's the latest time of the day that you'd tell anybody good morning? 434: Eleven o'clock. Interviewer: Okay. 434: You tell 'em good evening at twelve. Interviewer: Okay if you were leaving somebody in the morning what would you say to 'em? 434: I'd- {NW} let's see. In the morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. if you- if you see him you say good morning. When- 434: Goodbye to you. Interviewer: Okay. Fine. Alright uh what do you call the part of the day after you stop saying good morning? 434: Evening. Interviewer: Okay. How about- how long does the evening last? 434: About four hours. Interviewer: Uh-huh. okay. You'd said you'd- that when you leave people you just say goodbye. 434: Goodbye. Interviewer: Have you ever- would you ever say good day to somebody? 434: I have said that, good day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. uh alright. what are- what are the uh the names of the meals that you eat General, in the morning you eat what? 434: Breakfast. Interviewer: And then after breakfast you eat what? 434: Dinner. Interviewer: And then after that- 434: Supper. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh what would you say to somebody uh if you're telling 'em goodbye if you're leaving their house at night? 434: Goodnight. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were- if you were meeting them at night what would you say to 'em? 434: Well I wouldn't {D: have no}- how are you- tonight? Interviewer: Okay. Fine. Alright uh. General on the farm you start to work before daylight. So you'd say that we started to work before when? 434: Before day. Interviewer: Before day? Okay. Would you ever say uh before sunrise? 434: Before sunrise or before day. Interviewer: Okay. Alright General if uh- if we were a little late this morning when we started out in the field and the sun had already done what? 434: You say you're a little late this morning. Interviewer: Yeah because the sun had already- 434: Sun is up. Interviewer: Alright. Sun's up. 434: Right. Interviewer: Or you might say I got up real early and saw the sun 434: That's right. Interviewer: do what? 434: Rise. Interviewer: Okay. Or when we had gotten up the sun had already 434: {D: Risen} The sun was up when I got {X} this morning. Interviewer: Okay fine. Alright uh if you- if a person worked until the sun went out of sight General you'd say that he worked until 434: Til night. Interviewer: Okay or until the- when you call it- 434: The sun went down. Interviewer: Alright. Did you ever just- would you ever say sunset? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Or sundown? 434: Sundown that's what- Interviewer: Okay. 434: It's the sundown, and work 'til sundown. Interviewer: Alright. General if uh- if today is Thursday then Wednesday was- If today is Thursday then Wednesday was- 434: Would be- today is Thursday? Well Wednesday was Interviewer: If you- 434: before Thursday wasn't it? Interviewer: Right if you referred to something that happened the other day on Wednesday you'd say well that happened 434: Last Wednesday. Interviewer: Well if it was just the day before this one. 434: Yeah. Interviewer: If it was- you'd say that happened- 434: Wednesday. Interviewer: Would you ever say yesterday? 434: Yester- Interviewer: #1 Just yesterday. # 434: #2 day. # That's right. Interviewer: Okay. 434: Just happened yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Let's see. Alright General if- if somebody uh came here on- on Sunday before this past Sunday you'd say he was here- 434: Last Sunday. Interviewer: Okay. Or would you ever- would you ever say Sunday a week ago? 434: That's right. Sunday was a week ago. Interviewer: Okay. And if he's gonna- if he's gonna leave a week past this coming Sunday you'd say he's gonna leave- 434: This- a week before? Leave a week after this one. Sunday. Interviewer: Alright okay. Alright if- if somebody stayed from about the first of the month to the fifteenth of the month you'd say that he stayed about how long? 434: About the middle of the month. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say he stayed about a fortnight? 434: About which? Interviewer: A fortnight? {NW} 434: Well I don't know it. Interviewer: You wouldn't say that? 434: I- I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: Okay. Alright so if- if today is- if Thursday is today then Friday's gonna be- 434: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Right okay. Uh {NS} if you wanna know what- what time it is General you'd ask somebody 434: What time is it? Interviewer: Okay. Uh and after- after you ask them what time it is- what time it is he'd say well I'll have to look at my- 434: Watch. Interviewer: Right okay. Alright uh General if it's- talking about time if it's midway between seven- seven oh clock and eight oh clock you'd say it's what? 434: Quarter. Interviewer: If it's midway. 434: Midway? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Between seven and eight? Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say it's what? 434: I'd say it's uh- quarter 'til eight. Interviewer: Would you ever say it's half past eight? 434: Half past eight. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 434: Well you see half past eight would be thirty minutes, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Well I'd say it was half past eight. Interviewer: Alright if it's about- {NS} well that's okay. Uh if your bi- if you been doing something for a long time General you might say well I've been doing that for quite 434: A while. Interviewer: Quite a while, okay. Alright General if- if nineteen seventy-five was uh last year then nineteen seventy-six is 434: This year. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Alright uh- how old did you say your dog was General? 434: He's about two year old. Interviewer: Okay. Something that happened about this time last year General you'd say it happened- 434: Last year. Interviewer: Okay or happened a year ago? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. If you look up in the sky General and you say well I don't like the looks of those black 434: Clouds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And if you look up in the sky and there aren't any clouds around you might say well I believe we're gonna have a- 434: Fair day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And if- if it's not a- if it's not a nice day and the sun isn't shining and it's not bright you'd say it's a- 434: It's a cloudy day. Interviewer: Okay. If uh- if the clouds are getting thicker and thicker General and and you figure you're gonna have some rain or something you'd say the weather's- 434: The weather's looking like rain. Interviewer: Okay or- would you ever say the weather's changing or- 434: Changing, that's right. Interviewer: or something like that? 434: {X} Interviewer: Okay. But uh {NS} if- if the clouds {D: will} beginning to open up General and you could see- you could see a blue sky and and the sun was beginning to shine you'd say well I believe it's finally- 434: Clearing off. Interviewer: Okay. Would- would you say anything else other than clearing off? 434: Fair off or anything Interviewer: #1 Fair off # 434: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Okay good. Alright uh General if you get a- if you get a heavy rain around here or a hard rain and if you've had just- if you had almost an inch of rain in just an hour you'd say you had a regular what? 434: Gully washer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say anything else besides gullywasher? 434: Heavy rain. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say a cloudburst? 434: Well sometime we'd say that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: Cloudburst. Interviewer: Or a down- 434: #1 But then # Interviewer: #2 pour maybe? # 434: some folks would say the bottom fell out. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 434: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's right, if it rained an inch in a h- i- 434: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 inch in an # hour wouldn't it? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Well if there's- if there's a lot of lightning popping around uh too General along with the wind and the rain you'd say we had a what? 434: Thunder storm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay, what would you call it if you had uh lightning popping around without any rain? 434: Well I don't know what we'd call that isn't it this heat. Interviewer: Okay. If uh- you know that house you showed me when we were over in Briar Hill? 434: That's right. Interviewer: The wind came along and just did what? 434: Blow-ed it down. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 434: #2 Tore # it up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. That w- that was uh- that was just a- do you have bad winds like that very often around here? 434: Not too often. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 434: It tore down three houses {X} right here. Interviewer: Okay. General if- if the wind's coming from that direction back there which direction is it coming from? 434: Coming from south. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's uh- if you- if you have a wind halfway between the south and the west what do you have? What kinda wind is that? 434: Well I don't know what we'd {X} Interviewer: Would you just call it a southwest wind? 434: Call it a southwest win- wind. Interviewer: Okay how about a wind halfway between the south and the east? 434: Well we'd call that the same thing. Interviewer: Call it what? 434: Half Interviewer: Just a south 434: #1 Southeast # Interviewer: #2 east wind? # 434: wind. Interviewer: Okay what about halfway between the north and the east? 434: {X} North and- and uh east Interviewer: Okay. 434: wind. Interviewer: #1 And then- # 434: #2 Mixing. # Interviewer: Between 434: #1 between, that's right. # Interviewer: #2 the north and the west you get what? # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: That's right. Interviewer: Northwest wind? Okay. Alright General if it's uh {NW} if you- if you had a rain that didn't last very long what would you call it? If it didn't- 434: Shower. Interviewer: Just a shower? Okay. If it- if it's not- if it's not even as much as a shower you know it just barely laid the dust down what would you call that? 434: Sprinkle. Interviewer: Just a sprinkle? Okay. Uh what about- would you call the kind of rain that might've been coming down and- and you could walk a mile in it and just hardly get wet what would you call that? 434: Well I'd call that a light sprinkle. Interviewer: Just a sprinkle? 434: Just a sprinkle. Interviewer: Okay. Alright General if- if you got up in the morning and you couldn't- and you couldn't see across the road, you know it was like this when we were riding back you say that- what would you- what would you say that is? We're riding through the- through the what? 434: Cloud. Interviewer: Cloud or is there any other word? 434: Da- uh, is there fog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say it's uh- 434: Foggy. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Good. Alright General if you g- if you've gone a couple of weeks without rain what would you call that? You say we're having a- 434: Having a drought. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you have a- if you get a dry spell and it lasts about six weeks, you know long enough to hurt the crops 434: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Then what would you call that? 434: I'd call that a- uh I forget now what we call that. Interviewer: {X} You- you might- you might hope for a you might pray to have a dry spell but you wouldn't pray to have a- 434: Uh- I don't know what that's called. Interviewer: Called a drought? 434: That's the only thing is burn up the crops. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You don't wanna- you might wanna have a dry spell for a while 434: # 434: #1 but you wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 but you don't want to have- # 434: want to have {D: a drought} like that. Interviewer: #1 Okay- # 434: #2 Parch # up stuff. Interviewer: Alright. General if- if the wind has been very calm and gentle but it's gradually getting stronger you'd say the wind's doing what? 434: Calm down Interviewer: Well if it's getting stronger. 434: Oh oh the wind is getting rough. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- if it's just the opposite- if the wind has been real strong but it's getting weaker and weaker 434: Weaker and weaker. Interviewer: Then you'd 434: #1 Say it was # Interviewer: #2 say it's what? # 434: calm down. The wind has slowed down. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. {NS} Alright General if uh- say one morning in the fall you might go outdoors and you find it's- it's- it's kinda cold but it's not real disagreeable cold you know it's kinda like weather you- weather you like to be out in you'd say well this morning it's kind of- 434: Cool. Interviewer: Just kinda cool? 434: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Alright uh if you get up in the morning and there's a real light white coating on the ground you'd say you had a what overnight? 434: {D: It's} frost? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And uh you might say it was so cold last night that the lake- 434: Froze over. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If it gets much colder tonight the pond might- same thing. If it gets much colder tonight the pond might- 434: Might freeze? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And it h- it had- before I got out 434: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 there- # 434: right. Interviewer: it had what? 434: Froze. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Alright {NW} General I believe that's about got it. Unless you want to sing me a song or something. {NW} 434: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 434: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 434: I'll sing you a song. Interviewer: You want to? 434: Gimme the guitar Interviewer: Alright. 434: I'll sing Interviewer: #1 I'll sure do it. # 434: #2 you a song. # Interviewer: #1 # 434: #2 # {C: Speaker is playing the guitar and singing!} Interviewer: Count from uh one to twenty slowly. 444: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty. Interviewer: The number after twenty-nine? 444: Thirty. Interviewer: After thirty-nine? 444: Forty. Interviewer: The number after sixty-nine? 444: Seventy. Interviewer: After ninety-nine? 444: Hundred. Interviewer: After nine hundred ninety-nine? 444: Thousand. Interviewer: If there's a line of men standing some way, you say the man at the head of the line is the? 444: First one. Interviewer: After him is the? 444: Second one. Interviewer: After that? 444: Third. Interviewer: After that? 444: Four. Interviewer: After that? 444: Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. {NS} Interviewer: Um. Sometimes you feel that uh your good luck's just a little at a time, but your bad luck comes? 444: All the time. Interviewer: Uh. Last year I got uh Now if I if he said uh it more than once he would be saying it? 444: Twice. Interviewer: Um. The first month of the year is? 444: January. Interviewer: Next. 444: February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. December. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Name the days of the week. Starting with Monday. 444: Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Interviewer: Um. When you meet someone after eleven oh clock in the daytime, how would you greet them? You meet, you meet them after eleven oh clock. Or about eleven. 444: Good morning. Interviewer: Um. What do you call the part of the day after you stop saying Good morning? What part of the day do you call that? 444: The evening. Interviewer: Oh, how long does uh afternoon last? 444: Twelve. Interviewer: Alright. Uh, what do you say when you leave people? 444: Goodbye. Interviewer: Alright. What other greeting might you use? 444: I'll see you. Interviewer: {NW} Do you ever use good day? 444: Sometimes. Interviewer: Uh. Part what is uh what do we call the part of the day after supper? Or what would you call it? The day after supper? 444: Night. Interviewer: Alright, what do you call it after you go to bed? 444: Same Night. Interviewer: Uh, what? 444: I'd say, "Night." Interviewer: You uh do you ever use another word other than night? Can you think of another word that you might use other than night? 444: {NW} The evening, I mean, you would have to {X} {NS} Interviewer: Uh. Would you uh what would you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving someone's house at night? 444: Good night. Interviewer: Oh. On the farm when you start to work before daylight, you say you start to work before? 444: Before the sun come up. Interviewer: Oh. Can you think of another word uh for sun up? That you might use. 444: Before day. Interviewer: {NW} Um. Uh, what time did the sun rise this morning? You would say the sun? Did what at six? 444: I'd say the sun rose about Interviewer: Oh. If you work until the sun went out of sight, he had worked until 444: Night. Interviewer: Alright, what's uh can you think of another word other uh or sundown? When the sun goes down we say what? It's the sundown. The sun is what? 444: #1 Set. The sunset. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. Alright. # Uh. If it if it is Wednesday, uh Tuesday was what? 444: Yesterday. Interviewer: Alright, and Thursday will be what? 444: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Uh, if somebody came on Sunday, the last Sunday, if you came a week earlier than last Sunday, you'd say you came here? 444: Sunday before. {D: I'd think.} Interviewer: Uh. If someone uh somebody stayed from the first to the fifteenth, you'd say he stayed about? 444: Uh, two weeks and uh half a month. Interviewer: Alright. Uh, Monday is today. Tuesday will be? 444: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Uh. If you don't know the time of day, you would ask somebody? 444: What time is it? Interviewer: Um. After you ask him, he'll say I have to look at my? 444: Watch. Interviewer: Um. Mid uh midway midway between seven oh clock and eight oh clock you would say it's? 444: About seven thirty. Interviewer: What else would you say uh after seven? What else what uh other words could you use other than or might you use uh for after seven? Midway point. Uh. If it's about fifteen minutes later than half-past ten, you'd say it's about? 444: It's a quarter after. Interviewer: Uh. If you've been doing something for a long time, you'd might say I been doing it for quite 444: A while. Interviewer: Uh. Business wasn't very good last year, but I hope it will be better 444: This year. Interviewer: Uh, how old is your dog or baby? 444: Dog is three months old and the baby is {X} Interviewer: Uh. If something had happened about this time last year, you'd say it happened? 444: About a year ago. Interviewer: Uh, talking about your baby uh uh is a boy or a girl? 444: Girl. Interviewer: Is she talking? 444: Beginning to. She talk pretty good now. Interviewer: Uh. What uh Does she like your dog? Is she fond of your dog or? 444: Yeah, she like pretty much but two of 'em. Too mean for him {D: I forget.} {NW} Interviewer: Is she afraid of him? 444: Huh-uh. Interviewer: Uh. You look up at the sky and say, I don't like the looks of those black? 444: Clouds. Interviewer: Alright. You look up at the sky and there are no clouds around and you say, I think we're gonna have a? 444: Cloud day. Interviewer: Um. If it uh was a cloudy overcast day, you would say it's a? What kind of day might it be? 444: Cloudy day. Interviewer: Alright, if it's cloudy, though, what else could you say? How would you feel about a cloudy overcast day? 444: Uh, think it's gonna rain. Interviewer: Um. The clouds are getting thicker and thicker. You think you may be going to have some rain or something, you'd say the weather's what? 444: Rainy. Interviewer: Alright, but it's and it's changing, though, you might go ahead and say? 444: We might have some rain or some sun funny day is what we'd say. Interviewer: Uh, if it's still cloudy, then the clouds pull away, and the sun comes back, you'd say the weather is? If the clouds are moving out. 444: It's clearing up. Interviewer: Uh. If you get a heavy rain or hard rain. If you've had about an inch of rain in about an hour, you'd say you had a regular? 444: Regular rain. Interviewer: Alright, if it came down like a cloud burst, what would you call that? 444: {NW} Real hard rain. Interviewer: Did it rain very hard out uh when you live when it uh when we had that storm through here? 444: Yes, we had it was a big rain out there. It was a heavy rain that day. Interviewer: You had a storm there? 444: No ma'am. Interviewer: {X} 444: The fact of it {X} Anyway. Interviewer: Well then we ain't got the {X} I would like to go the storm {X} Um. {NS} If uh let's let's suppose there's a lot of lightning popping in so far with a lot of your wind and rain, you'd say you've had a? 444: Electrical storm. Interviewer: Uh, what could we have other than electrical storms? Could you think of another word we might use? Or you might use? 444: {X} Interviewer: Had a lot of thunder and lightning and wind and rain. 444: That uh is like a tornado storm there. Interviewer: Uh. I just got some clothes hung up on the line when the wind came along and? Did what to the line? 444: Blow them down. Interviewer: Um. If the wind is coming from that direction {NW} You'd say the wind's In that direction wind's going where? 444: Up from South. Interviewer: Um, in wind halfway between South and West, you'd call what? Might you call it? 444: Southwest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 444: Southwest. Interviewer: Alright, halfway between South and East, you'd call? A wind what? 444: Southeast. Interviewer: And halfway between East and North? 444: Northeast. Interviewer: And uh. Halfway between West And North is what? Between West and North, the wind would be what? 444: In the Northwest. Interviewer: Uh. If it's raining, but not raining very hard. Just a few fine drops coming down, you could say it's? What kind of rain? It's just a few tiny drops coming down. 444: Misting rain. Interviewer: Uh. What other word could you think of than misty or sprinkle? 444: #1 Just a drizzle. # Interviewer: #2 It's just barely. # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um. You get up in the morning. You can't see across the road. What would you say about that? 444: It was foggy. Interviewer: {NW} What kind of day would you say that was? {X} 444: It'll be a Foggy day. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. If no rain comes for weeks and weeks, we are going to have a what do you think? It doesn't rain. 444: Drought. Interviewer: Uh. The wind has been very gentle, and it is gradually getting stronger. You'd say it's doing what? 444: The wind's rising. Interviewer: Uh. Could you think of another word other than rising or coming up? 444: Blowing heavy. Interviewer: Oh, heavy doing what? Uh. If it's just the opposite, and the wind has been strong and it's getting weaker and weaker, you'd say it's doing what? 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 It's been strong and it's getting # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Weaker. # 444: Wind's ceased and {X} Calming down. Interviewer: Uh. On the morning in the uh fall when you first go outdoors, if you find it is cold and not disagreeably cold. The kind of weather you like to be out in you'd say, This weather is rather? 444: Cool or pleasant. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. It might be refreshing to you. What other word would you use other than might use other than fresh and or it's sharp? 444: The weather been nice, I mean. The weather'd be nice. Interviewer: Uh. If it uh if it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers, you might say that tonight we had a? 444: Frost. Interviewer: Uh, it was so cold last night, the lake did what? 444: Froze. Interviewer: Uh, if it gets much colder tonight, the pond might? 444: Freeze. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call the room used for special occasions in your home? What might you call the room that's us used for special occasions or special times that you'd have in your home? What what would you call that room? 444: Living room. Interviewer: Uh. Uh, speaking of rooms in your house, you'd say this room is about nine. How big would you might say this room is? About how many? 444: About. The regular room {X} Interviewer: What would you what would you estimate this room to be? 444: Twenty by About twenty to thirty. Interviewer: Twenty to thirty what? 444: Feet. Interviewer: Uh. The smoke comes up through what on a house? 444: Mm. Chimney. Interviewer: Uh. What do uh the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace. Is what? What do you call that? 444: Hull. {NW} Interviewer: Uh. In the fireplace, the things that you lay the wood across what? What would you call it? 444: Uh. Dog iron. Interviewer: Uh. What would you call the place above the fireplace where you might put an ornament or a picture of something like that on? What do you call it? 444: Plyboard. {X} Interviewer: Alright, what else might you call it? Can you think of another name you might call it? 444: Mantle. Mantle. Interviewer: Alright. Alright, the big round piece of wood with a {X} on it that you burn in the fireplace. Call a back what? 444: Back stick. Interviewer: Alright, what else might you call it other than back stick? You have around a chunk or what else? A big what? 444: {X} A little stick of wood. Interviewer: Can you think of another name other than stick? 444: A back log. Uh. Interviewer: Uh, what would you call the kind of wood you use to start a fire? 444: Pine and kindling. Interviewer: Uh, what do you call the black stuff that smoke might leave in the chimney? 444: Soot. Interviewer: Alright, this was a fire that burned down and left nothing but the? 444: Ashes. Interviewer: Alright, what am I sitting in? 444: A chair. Interviewer: Um. What do you call the long piece of furniture that went with a uh Uh. With a uh chair set uh excuse me a large what would you call a larger piece for two or three people to sit on with two arms and a back? 444: Couch. Interviewer: Uh. The piece of furniture in your bedroom that has drawers in it and that you put clothes in. What would you call that? 444: Chifforobe. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of an old-fashioned piece with any other names? {X} 444: Dresser. Interviewer: Uh. The room where you sleep is called what? 444: Bedroom. Interviewer: Uh. These tables, chairs, and sofa. What do you call all of those? 444: Living room. {X} Interviewer: Uh. Can you think of another word you might use other than What would you call, what would you call uh The whole thing The whole group of furniture. 444: Uh. Interviewer: Uh. Those things that you pull down to shut out the lights, what would you call those? 444: Blinds or curtains. Interviewer: Alright.If they're on rowers and you pull them down, what would you call that? 444: {X} Shade or blind. Interviewer: Uh. A little room off the bedroom to hang up your clothes in. A little room off your bedroom to hang your clothes in. It's built in. Put your clothes. 444: Closet. Interviewer: If you didn't have a built-in closet, what might you have? A room that's at the top of the house just under the roof. What might you call it? That little place up above just under the roof. In the house. 444: I don't know what this built-in thing about. Interviewer: Um. Can you uh can you think of a word other than loft? 444: Attic? Interviewer: A Room that you cook in. What do you call a room that you cook in? 444: Uh. Kitchen. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call a little room off the kitchen where you store canned goods or extra dishes? Uh. What do you call a lot of old, worthless things that you're about to throw away? What would you call things that you can throw away? 444: Junk. Interviewer: Alright, what would you call a room that you use to store odds and ends in? 444: Old storage room. Interviewer: Uh. What would you be doing if you were sweeping the floor? {NS} 444: {X} cleaning the floor. Interviewer: Alright. What do you sweep with? 444: Broom. Interviewer: Alright the if the broom's in the closet, and the door's open, you say the room is where? Compared to the floor? Where is the broom? 444: In the closet. {NW} Interviewer: Alright but then if it's in the corner, and the door is open, you'd say the broom is where? 444: Over there. Interviewer: Uh. Years ago on Monday, you women usually did their? What? On Monday. 444: House cleaning. Interviewer: Alright. What else do they usually do around where you live? 444: Washing. Interviewer: Uh. What do you do what do you get from the first floor up to the second floor in a two-story house? How do you get up there? 444: Stairs. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. What would you call one that was big and had uh columns on it? It's uh to a house. What would you call that? Little thing big out front that uh had columns on it. 444: Like a porch. Interviewer: Uh. {NS} Um. If the door's open and you don't want uh want it that way, you would tell someone to? 444: Shut the door. Interviewer: Uh. What would you call the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? Boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other. 444: {D: shutters} Interviewer: Uh. I want to hang something out in the barn, so I just took a nail and? What would I do? What would you do with the nail? 444: It uh. Drive it in the wall. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. The nail didn't get any farther uh far enough, you'd say it's got to be 444: Maybe drove up some more. Interviewer: What do you call the limb uh the little things along the edge of the roof that carry water off? What's on the things the outside of the house that care help carry water off instead of coming just right straight off the house? Uh. What would you call the part that covers the top of the house? 444: The roof. Interviewer: Uh. If uh. Part of the roof when you say you have a house uh and {D: a eel} What do you call a place where the two come together? On the roof, you have uh the sides to come uh together there, what would you call uh when they come together? The place. 444: Just the the corner. Interviewer: What would be right in through here if this is the roof? What what would you call that? 444: {NW} Interviewer: Just like a mountain, if you have outside to have a mountain to come together, it looks like what? What do you call between the mountains? Um. What do you call a outdoor toilet? 444: {NW} Know it. Outhouse. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. If you had troubles and were telling me about them, you might say, Well? I have what, too? 444: I have some bad news or a sad story. I- Interviewer: Uh. Uh. I've uh. If I ask you if you know a person, you might say, No, but I What of 'em? 444: I heared of 'em. Interviewer: Uh. If a friend came back to town another friend uh had been visiting with him, you might be asked, Haven't you seen him yet, and you might say, No, I? If you hadn't seen him yet. What might you say? No, I? 444: No, I haven't seen him. Interviewer: Uh. Then, you might be asked Has your brother seen him yet? And again, you'd answer No He hasn't what? 444: He haven't seen him. Interviewer: Uh. If some if uh of everything you do everyday, do you do it frequently? If you do, you say, Yes, I If you do something everyday, you'd say, Yes, I 444: Yes, I do it the time everyday. Interviewer: Alright, how does your brother like ice cream? Yes, he 444: He loves it. Interviewer: If a man uh lets his farm get all run-down, and doesn't seem to care, you might say to someone who asked, I really don't know, but he just What? The care of it. 444: He didn't take care of his {X} Interviewer: Uh. Uh. If you've been discussing something with a friend here, what would you do with him? I What? 444: I trust him. I Interviewer: And you were uh if you've been discussing uh what's another word for discussing something with a friend? What would you be doing with him? 444: {X} Talking. Interviewer: Alright. And then you'd say, I What? Instead of, I have been thinking about uh {X} 444: {X} Interviewer: You might uh say that uh you live in a frame of what? What what do you live in? Frame what? Your dwelling or where you live. What do you call that? 444: House. Home or house. Interviewer: Alright. Are there other kinds around here? Are there other kind of? Where you. A frame what? Uh. What sort of a building would you have on a farm? What would you need to have on a farm? Building. 444: You mean what kind of houses and Interviewer: #1 Well, what would you need for uh you have a farm what would you need for the uh # 444: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: #1 Um. # 444: #2 Would need. # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: #1 You have cattle room for. # 444: #2 Barn. # The barn. Shed. Interviewer: Alright, the building you store corn in is a what? 444: A crib. {NS} Interviewer #2: Okay, what do you call a what's the upper part of a barn called? 444: A loft. Interviewer #2: Okay, are there other places where you might store hay in a barn? 444: {NW} {X} barn in up in the loft unless we have a shed for it. Interviewer #2: K. Uh, hay piled up outside the barn is called a what? 444: Oh that? Interviewer #2: Okay. When you first cut the hay, what do you do with it? 444: Lay lay it out and {X} out. Interviewer #2: Okay, you know any names for small piles of hay racked uh raked up in the field? 444: {NW} Interviewer #2: Small piles of hay raked up 444: {X} Loads or bales or. Interviewer #2: Where do you keep your cows? 444: In the shed or barn. Interviewer #2: Okay. And what do you call a place where you keep horses? 444: {NW} Stables. Interviewer #2: Alright, beside the barn, did you ever have a place where you'd milk the cows outside? 444: {NW} Little old shed or a stall {X} Interviewer #2: It doesn't have any special name for that place? That you knew of. K. Where do you keep your hogs and pigs? 444: {X} In the hog lot hogpen Or parlor. Hog parlor. {X} Interviewer #2: Did this have a shelter or was it in the open? 444: Well, it had shelter. The parlor had a shelter. Interviewer #2: Okay, where did people used to keep their milk and butter? Before the days of refrigeration. 444: In the spring? Interviewer #2: Okay. Uh. Do you remember a trough near a stream where the spring rose and water run through the trough? {X} Did it have a name for that? 444: {NW} I never did know the name of it. I know we always put it in a little bunch below the spring. Interviewer #2: Okay. Alright, what do you call a place around the barn where you might let cows and mules and other animals walk around? 444: A lot. Interviewer #2: And what do you call a place where your let 'em go out and graze? 444: Pasture. Interviewer #2: K. Is this fenced or not? 444: Right. Interviewer #2: Did you ever raise cow? 444: Yes. Interviewer #2: What kind of work would you do raising cows? 444: Well, all of it. Um. Planting it, {X} it, planting it, chopping it, {X} a hole in it, and {X} it, picking it. It was by hand. Interviewer #2: Okay. Corn and cotton you grow 'em in a What do you call the area where you grow corn and 444: The field. Interviewer #2: Alright. And then tobacco, you grow it in a Have you ever grown tobacco? 444: I've seen some I've been around some, but I never grown none. Interviewer #2: Uh. What kind of fences do you have around the yard? Garden. 444: Around the garden or just like a? We have this. It's called garden wire around it to keep the animals out of it. Interviewer #2: Or in your Yard did you have any special fence around the yard? Don't have any around your yard now. 444: Don't have any around mine. Interviewer #2: There's a lot of Uh places uh that are overpopulated, they have a 444: Fence around them. Interviewer #2: Yeah, what kind of fence does it use? 444: {NW} I don't remember that wire. Some kind of wire that they put around that uh. Interviewer #2: {X} Would have them wood banged up and down. What do you call that? 444: {NW} Interviewer #2: {D: A wood slice} 444: {X} Fenced. {X} Kind of fence. Interviewer #2: Wouldn't have any particular name that you'd recall? 444: Mm-mm. Interviewer #2: Uh, what kind of Fence was it That you used to end your cows to keep 'em from going out. 444: A barbed wire fence. Interviewer #2: {NS} Can you name any other fences made of wood? 444: {NW} {NS} See, I've I've I've build 'em and know what it is but I can't I don't know the special name for it. Interviewer #2: Now the kind that are made of split rails laid zigzag fashion. Are they called? 444: I don't understand what you're tal- saying. {D: log fenced} Interviewer #2: {NW} Alright, when you set up a barbed wire fence, you use big holes for the 444: Post. Interviewer #2: What would you call just one of 'em? {NS} 444: Just a fence post. Post. Interviewer #2: Several of 'em, you would call what? 444: Posts. Interviewer #2: What do you call a fence or wall made of loose stone or rock you might remove from the field? 444: It's an old rock fence {X} Interviewer #2: If you want to make a hen start laying, What do you put in her nest to {D: boo her} 444: Gourd. Interviewer #2: Alright. Have any other kinda have you seen any other kind of thing that you might put in there besides the gourd? 444: {NW} Maybe some type of {X} D: Just a round rock will do it. Interviewer #2: You have something that you bought that's kinda What would you use to carry water in? 444: {NW} Bucket or pail. Interviewer #2: K. Would it be out made of wood or metal? 444: Wood and metal. Interviewer #2: #1 And some of it made out of wood and some of it? # 444: #2 Cedar. # Right. Interviewer #2: What do you carry milk in? 444: {NW} It'd be a pail. It'd be a bucket. {D: Metal.} Interviewer #2: What sort of a container do you use to carry Food to the pigs? 444: {NW} Just a Regular old five gallon bucket {X} Interviewer #2: And what do you call that? {X} 444: Slop bucket. Interviewer #2: Uh. What do you fry eggs in? 444: {NW} Skillet. Pan. Interviewer #2: Alright, no special name for it or at your house {X} 444: Frying pan. Interviewer #2: Alright. {NW} Would you have one with legs in the old fireplace? Do you did you ever have a as a kid growing up in your fireplace? 444: Right. Interviewer #2: Have one with legs? 444: Yes. Uh-huh. Interviewer #2: What'd you call it? Did it have a special name? 444: I forget now what mother called it. Interviewer #2: Alright, what about something big and black that you had out in the backyard that you might use for heating water to boil your clothes? 444: Wash pot. Interviewer #2: Alright. You have uh any other kind you have the wash pot and all that. Alright, would you use this for anything else like boiling potatoes or anything? 444: Yes or. Cooking out. {X} Interviewer #2: What would you call a container that you plant some sort of flowers in and keep in your house? 444: Flowerpot. Interviewer #2: Doesn't have any special name for it? What are the eating utensils that you set at each plate when you're setting the table for supper? You know, the utensils that you eat with? What do you what do you call them? {D: Each one of them.} {X} 444: Plate. Interviewer #2: Well, it'd be the plate. Then, the utensils that you use. 444: {NW} {NS} Just a pot. Interviewer #2: At the table, now. Where you sit and eat. {NS} 444: Spoons and knives and forks. Interviewer #2: Yeah, what do you call 'em? Do you have any name for 'em all together? 444: Mm. Silverware. Interviewer #2: Okay. If the dishes are all dirty, If they It's almost supper time and before we can have supper, we have to have some clean dishes. {D: Unless} 444: Wash dishes. Interviewer #2: Okay. Washing dishes. Alright, after she washes the dishes, then she has to? What? 444: Dry 'em. Interviewer #2: Alright, but 444: Rinse 'em and dry 'em. Interviewer #2: Alright. What do you call a cloth or a rag you use for washing dishes? 444: Dish rag. Interviewer #2: What do you call a one that you use for drying dishes? 444: Dried cloth. Drying rag, drying cloth. Dry rag. Interviewer #2: What do you call a small square of terry cloth that you use to bathe your face in? Small one. 444: Wash cloth. Interviewer #2: After bathing, what do you use to dry yourself off with? 444: A towel. Interviewer #2: Uh. What do you turn on a water pipe and uh the kitchen sink? Where do you turn on at the water pipe? 444: The faucet. Interviewer #2: Alright, when you worked in the field, and they brought water out on a cart or a wagon What was that container called? They bring it out that way, or did you carry it out there with you? 444: Well, we carried it out there {X} Interviewer #2: #1 Don't remember any special name you had for it? # 444: #2 {D: Used to.} # No, it was just a water can, water bucket. Interviewer #2: Okay, it was so cold last night that our water pipes 444: Froze. Interviewer #2: Alright, but not just froze, but 444: Frozen. Busted. Interviewer #2: Alright, if you stuck a pin in a balloon, it would 444: Bust. Interviewer #2: People used to buy flour in a? 444: Barrel. Interviewer #2: What did molasses come in? when you used to buy it in very large quantities? 444: {NW} It'll come in barrels, too. Uh. Big ol' giant ones. Five dollar in Jugs. Interviewer #2: And what do you use enable you to pour water in a narrow mouth bottle? You know, pour water in. 444: Uh. Funnel. Interviewer #2: What do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're riding in a buggy? 444: Uh. Whip. Interviewer #2: If you bought fruit at the store, The grocery. We'd put 'em in a? 444: Paper {X} Sack. {NS} Interviewer #2: Alright, what do you call that Bag or sack that potatoes are shipped in? 444: {NW} Just a. Potato sack. Interviewer #2: Where uh you know food comes into you those kind of bags. 444: Croker sack. {X} Interviewer #2: What would you call an amount of corn you might take to a mill at one time to be ground? 444: Bushel. Peck. Interviewer #2: Uh. But any any other kind of quantity? Just a 444: {NW} Interviewer #2: What about uh the amount of wood you can carry? 444: Like uh. Interviewer #2: Your mother sends you out and say, Bring in A load of wood. Armful of wood. Now when the light burns out in electric lamp an electric lamp You have to put it in put in a new what? 444: Bulb. Interviewer #2: When you carry washing out to hang it up on a line and carry it out in a? 444: {NW} In a basket. Clothes basket. Interviewer #2: {D: Where do nails come in?} 444: {D: keg} Interviewer #2: What runs around the barrel and holds the wood and uh or the stays in place? What's that called? 444: {NW} That's um. why the station that hold it together Band. Interviewer #2: You never had any uh heard any other word for it? Sometimes you'd take them off and roll them down the street. Did you ever do that as a kid? 444: Yeah, I did, but I didn't know what it Little. Name for 'em. Interviewer #2: What do you put in the top of a bottle? Bottle. 444: Like a cork or a stopper. Interviewer #2: Uh. The musical instrument as children play that are held like this, what are they called uh? 444: Uh. French harp. Interviewer #2: Any other name that you had? {X} 444: No. Jew's harp. A harp or. Harmonica or something. Interviewer #2: Alright, now the one that you hold between your teeth, you know that? What do we call that? 444: That's a Jew's harp. Interviewer #2: Alright. What do you pound nails with? 444: Hammer. {NS} Interviewer #2: And what would be some of the usual tools you might have around the house? 444: {NW} Hammer. {X} Interviewer: Um. What do you call the steel outside a wagon wheel? 444: The iron tie. Interviewer: #1 Alright, what else do you call it? # 444: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: #1 The outside of it. The steel part. # 444: #2 Steel. # Interviewer: #1 Steel. # 444: #2 # Iron rim. The tie. Interviewer: {NW} What do you uh On a buggy, the thing that the trace is coming back to in order to hook on it is called what? When you hooked the horses up. 444: {D: Swimming tray.} Interviewer: {D: Now me.} Wire then you should have a? Um. Now on the ride then you should have two horses and each one has a single tray. What would you call the thing that both of these are hitched to? In order to keep them together? 444: Doubletree. Interviewer: Uh. What would you say uh somebody's doing these spinning up this wagon at the wood lot and taking it to the house? {D: Little old net and bend up again, what is he doing?} 444: Hauling wood. Interviewer: Uh. Suppose there was a log across the road. You'd say, I tied a rope to it, and? What'd you do? How'd you get it out of the way? 444: Pull it out the way and drug it out the way. Interviewer: Uh. What do you break the ground with in the spring? What do you use? 444: Plow. Turning plow. Interviewer: After you've plowed, what do you use to break the ground up even finer? 444: {NW} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 444: {X} {D: Section lot.} Interviewer: Um. What is it that the {X} of a wagon fit onto? 444: {NW} Axel. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call the X-shaped frame you lay your log across to chop it into stove length? 444: That'll be a X or. {D: Rack} {X} Interviewer: {NW} You straighten your hair with a comb and what else do you use with a comb? 444: A brush. Interviewer: You sharpen straight razor on a leather 444: {X} Interviewer: Um. What do you put in a revolver? To make it. Shoot. 444: Shells. Powder {X} Interviewer: Uh. What do you call the playground equipment that children play on? There is one that's going uh back and forth like this. Playground equipment that children play on. There is one that's going uh back and forth like this. 444: {NW} A see-saw. Interviewer: Alright. One's going up, one going down. What do you call a lone plank fixed on both ends that children used to jump up and down on? One stand on one side and jumps. And the other one. Goes up higher. You know what you'd call that? Alright uh there might be a plank that is anchored in the middle to a post and stump, and it goes spins around. What would you call that? 444: {NW} See swing or it's {X} Interviewer: Well, not like a merry-go-round. What what do you call that? Can't think might might call it. 444: Flying Jenny. Interviewer: {NW} Um. If uh. If they, we said a while ago if one of those uh Children was on each side and you called a see-saw, you'd say they are what? 444: Going up and down. Interviewer: Well, if they're going up and down they 444: See-saw and up and down. Interviewer: Um. When you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it so that children go back and forth, you're making a what? 444: Swing. Interviewer: Uh. What would you call a container for coal that you keep near the stove or fireplace? 444: {NW} Coal bucket or {X} Interviewer: Alright. Um. What runs from the stove to the chimney? 444: Pipe. Coal pipe. Interviewer: Alright. A small uh vehicle that you would use to carry bricks and other things heavy things uh with with a little wheel in front and two handles to push it by, what do you call that? 444: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Uh. What do you sharpen a Knife or anything on? 444: {NW} Tile or wet rock. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. What kind uh what is what you call a kind that turns around? 444: A grinding stone. Interviewer: Uh. What do you use for transportation? Now. 444: Cars. Interviewer: Uh. If something's squeaking, and you need to lubricate it, What would you do to it? 444: Grease it. Interviewer: Alright. And uh. Not oil, but it's hard and the solid kind. What would you call it? What would it be called? It's solid it the if the car sorry you grease it and then you'd say it was What? 444: Greased. Interviewer: {NW} If you grease if you got grease all over your hands, they're what? 444: Greasy. Interviewer: {NW} If you have a door-hinge that's squeaking, what would you say you ought to do to it? 444: Oil it. Interviewer: Alright, what is it that you used to burn in lamps? 444: Coal oil, kerosene. Interviewer: What might you call a makeshift lamp with a Uh. Rag and a. Bottle uh. And kerosene in it. What would you call it? 444: {NW} Homemade light or Torch. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Toothpaste comes in a what? 444: Tube. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. If you build a boat and uh are ready to put it in the water, what do you say you're going to do? 444: Gonna launch the boat. Interviewer: What kind of boat would you go fishing in a small lake? With a flat bottom. 444: A uh. Fishing boat. Interviewer: Alright can you think if you have oars to it, what would it be? 444: A row boat? Interviewer: {NW} Uh. If you were going to the {D: next goods} and said, "Will you be home today?" you might say, No, I What would you be doing? You might be. If you say you're uh need to go to town, you say, I'm 444: {X} Interviewer: Um. {NW} If a child has just learned to dress themself, the mother brings them the clothes and says What? 444: Here. Clothes. Interviewer: {NW} If I ask you if you think uh. Uh. If uh I say there's uh The candidate. Say the mayor of the town's gone uh up for reelection Uh. And if you think that uh. He might be going to be elected, you might say, No, but Plenty of people might think about. Uh. Might think so. If you say there's uh there's several people who think so. What what else could you say? What's another word for there's? Or two words for there's. 444: They. Interviewer: Or? There's 444: There they are Interviewer: {NW} Um. If you meet a little boy in the street, and he's afraid of you, And uh. You might tell him you were not going to hurt him by saying, Don't cry, I 444: I'm not- not going to. Interviewer: Uh. If you're having a argument with somebody, and you want to ask him if he don't think you're right about the issue, you would say, Well, I'm right 444: Ain't I? Interviewer: Um. {NW} If someone thank you for a ride into town, you might say, Don't mention it, we 444: Going that way. Interviewer: Uh. If you were talking about the old days when everything was better than it is now, you might lean back and say? What kind of days was that? Might you say? 444: They were the good ol' days. Interviewer: Uh. If somebody asks what was that? {NW} Was that you I saw in town yesterday? You might say, no it 444: Wasn't me. Interviewer: Uh. If a woman was to buy pieces of uh Buy a dress in a certain color, she takes along a little square of cloth used as a what? 444: A sample. Interviewer: Uh. If she sees a dress that she likes very much and is very becoming, she says, That's a very What kind of? 444: {D: Pretty dress.} Interviewer: Alright. And if a little girl has on a very becoming dress, you might say My what a pretty dress! Or suppose you remark to your mother, Suzie's dress was pretty, but mine is 444: Prettier. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. {NS} What might you wear over your dress or a woman wear over her dress in the kitchen? 444: An apron. Interviewer: Uh. To sign your name in ink, you use a What kind? Writing what? 444: Pen. Interviewer: Alright, to hold a baby's diaper in place, you use a safety 444: Pin Interviewer: Uh. Uh. What do you uh or soup you buy usually comes in a 444: Can. Tin can. Interviewer: Alright. A dime is worth how many cents? 444: Ten. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. What did you drink from uh at the pump or well? What would you call it? Lot of Uh people used to at the well they'd have a What uh kind of container would they have to get a drink? 444: Dipper. Interviewer: Or what else might they have? Another name for a dipper. You hear anybody call it something else? No? Uh. What do you put on when you go out in the wintertime? 444: Coat. Interviewer: Alright. Oh. Clothing uh sometimes between your coat and shirt you wear what? 444: {NW} Vest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. A suit consists of a coat, vest, and What? 444: Pants or trousers. Interviewer: {NW} Can you think of any other names? There might be. 444: Britches. Interviewer: Alright. Um. What do you call blue Uh that you knock around in? 444: Blue jeans. Interviewer: What do you wear when you're working round the barn or or shop? 444: Overalls. Interviewer: {D: Uh. Suppose you had come from work and your wife said about a package lying there that the delivery boy from Jones's store had to get their?} 444: {X} Interviewer: {X} Uh. If it was the wrong package, Jones might call and say, Please Do what? {X} 444: Bring the Right one. Interviewer: Uh that coat won't fit this year but last year it What perfectly? 444: Fitted perfect. Interviewer: Uh. Matching coat and pants are a what? The old matching. What kind of suit? What kind of suit would it be? 444: Uh. Complete uh. Interviewer: If you haven't had it before, what would it be? 444: New suit. Interviewer: Uh. If you stuff a lot of things in the pocket, it makes them what? 444: Bulge. Bulge out. Interviewer: Uh. The collar. Or this shirt isn't uh. What we call {X} and you'd say, "I hope it won't When you wash it, you don't want it to what? 444: Shrink up. Interviewer: Uh. If a woman likes to put on good clothes, you would say she likes to? 444: Dress up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um. Something you would carry your money in is a what? A what would a woman call it? 444: A purse. Interviewer: Uh. What does a woman wear around her Wrist? 444: Bracelet. Interviewer: Suppose there are a lot of little things strung up together and used to go around you neck as an ornament. What would you call these? 444: Beads. Interviewer: Alright, and what else would you call this a What of beads? 444: String of beads. Interviewer: {NW} What do men wear to hold up their trousers? 444: {NW} Belts and Interviewer: And what does 444: suspenders. {X} Interviewer: {NW} What do you hold over you when it rains? 444: Umbrella. Interviewer: Uh. What is the last thing you put on a bed or what is the fancy top cover called? 444: Uh. Interviewer: When a bed's made up, what's that top 444: Bedspread. Interviewer: Uh. At the end of the day, you put your head on a what? 444: Pillow. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. {NS} What do you uh put on a bed for to keep you warm? 444: Blanket. Interviewer: Alright, what else would you put on? 444: Quilt. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. What would you call a makeshift sleeping place down on the floor the children would especially like to sleep on? 444: Pallet. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. We expect a big crop in that field because it's always very 444: Rich. Interviewer: Alright, and what else? 444: Fertilized. Interviewer: Uh. The flat lowland along the stream uh and it's overflowed in the spring and you have to plow it later what kind of land would you call that? 444: Uh. The bottom lands. Interviewer: Uh. What is the a field that might be good for nothing other than raising grass, clover, and alfalfa for hay. It's pretty and green. What might you call it? 444: A {D: banner} or swamp. Interviewer: Well, or what else? 444: Meadow. Interviewer: Alright, might be a meadow. Uh. Suppose there were some land that had water standing in it for a good part of the term. What would you that? 444: A little swamp. Interviewer: Uh. In the place where salt Hay grows along the {X} Can you think of a name for that? 444: {NW} {D: North} Interviewer: Alright, what different kinds of soil do you have in the field? Uh. Can you name any Layer or any do you know any names for soil in the field? 444: {NW} Top layer or either a rich layer. Top soil. Interviewer: Alright. Um. Now suppose you had land and uh but it's a bit swampy and you want to put it to cultivation. What would you do to land to get the water off? How would you get it off? 444: I'd put a drain it off. Interviewer: Alright, what would you call the thing that you dug? Uh. 444: A ditch. Interviewer: Alright, what's another name for a ditch? 444: Creek. {D: Nell.} Interviewer: {NW} Uh. Now if it's shallow it's a shallow {D: arm in the sea} and out tile's drained or We have a good bit of the Small bodies of Uh water around here, what do we call 'em? 444: {NW} Interviewer: It's not a What's what's smaller than a river? 444: A creek be smaller, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Um. What do you call a A deep, narrow valley cut by stream of water in the woods? Uh. It's similar to a You might call it a wash or a hollow. Can you think of another name for it? 444: A gully. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Maybe a gully. Uh. If there's been a heavy rainfall And the rain has cut out a channel across a road or field, you'd call that place a what? 444: It'd be a {X} Interviewer: Um. What do you call a small stream of water? 444: Creek. Interviewer: Alright, is there anything smaller that you can think of? 444: {NW} Ditch. Interviewer: Alright. 444: A stream. Interviewer: What about a A stream And you said creek Can you think of a Say a What would you call the little body of water that uh Uh by a green meadow What might you call it? 444: {NW} {X} Interviewer: What you'd read about in books and stuff, what would they be called? A what? 444: {X} Books? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. Can you uh think of any uh creeks or names of streams or water around? Our area here. Uh where you live. 444: {X} The Sipsey. {NW} {X} Creek. Creek. {X} Creek. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. What do you call a very small rise in land? 444: A hill. Interviewer: What do you call it when it's very large? It's high higher than a hill. 444: A mountain. Interviewer: Uh. The rocky side of a mountain. It drops off sharp. 444: Yeah. Cliff. Interviewer: Uh. When what do we call uh what's another name for a dock where boats stop and uh where freight's unloaded? 444: A Boat dock or a ship dealer. Interviewer: What's something can you think of another name other than 444: Uh. Interviewer: Dock or 444: {X} Uh. {D: Rafts.} Interviewer: {NW} Another name for a pier. Can you think of another name for a pier? 444: {NW} It'd be a landing. A ship landing. Interviewer: {NW} What would you call a place where a large amount of water falls a long distance? 444: Waterfall. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call most important roads around here? What would you call 'em? 444: Uh. {NW} Highways. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What what would the highways be made of? What are they made of? 444: {NW} Interviewer: This one out here. Interviewer: That falls a long distance. 444: Waterfall. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call most important roads around here? What would you call it? 444: Uh. {NW} Highways. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What what would the highways be made of? What are they made of? 444: {NW} Interviewer: This one out here. 444: {NW} Gravel and tar. Interviewer: {NW} What will you call the sidewalks that we walk on? 444: Mm. Concrete. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. What are what are they made of? 444: Cement. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. A little road that goes off the main uh road What would we call it? 444: {NW} Interviewer: So you got your own highway, and you got a road to go off of it, what what might you call it? 444: It'll be a lane or just a regular road. Interviewer: Alright, suppose you came to a man's farm down the public road and came to the turnoff onto his house. What might you call that? In order to get to his house. 444: Pathway. Interviewer: Uh. Something along the side of the street that people walk on. What would we walk on into town? {NS} 444: It'd be a lane. Interviewer: Now what do we walk on in town. 444: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Uh. Two boys are walking across the field, and one of them saw a crow in the field eating a farmer's corn. He reached down and picked up. What might you pick up to chase the crow off? 444: A rock. Interviewer: Alright. What uh If you uh chased the crow off and when you got to farm, you said to the farmer, I picked up a 444: Rock to throw it at the crow. Interviewer: {NW} If um Someone came to visit your wife, and you met the person in the yard, you might say, She's Where? The house. 444: In the house. Interviewer: Alright, and then she's Uh, in the kitchen baking some cookies. 444: She's cooking. Interviewer: Um. Talking about putting milk in coffee, some people like it What? 444: Like it straight. Interviewer: Alright, if you don't have any milk at all, what would you 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. If you like milk in your tea, you say you drink your tea how? 444: With milk. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. If someone is not going away from you, you say he is coming straight 444: Towards. Interviewer: Uh. Later on, you would tell another friend about the incident. I wasn't looking for him, I just sort of ran 444: Across him. Interviewer: Um. If a child is given the same name that his father has, you say that They named the child What his father? 444: Same as his father. After his father. Interviewer: Alright, and what else? Can you think of any other words you might use? He's named after his father Can you think of anything else you might use? 444: {X} Interviewer: You might say that. Uh, if you were going hunting, you'd better take along a good what? Hunting what? 444: Dog. Interviewer: If you wanted your dog to attract another attack another dog or a person, what would you say? 444: You would {X} Interviewer: Uh. If You have a dog that's a mixed breed, you'd call him a what? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call him? Some of your friends came to get a dog from you. And he was a mixed breed, what would you call it? 444: {D: Pure or something else} Interviewer: Uh. If someone insists on uh going uh inside the fence where a watchdog is kept, you might say, You better watch out or he'll you'll get what? 444: Dog bit. Interviewer: Uh. In a herd of cattle, what do you call the male? In a herd of cattle. What's the male called? 444: {X} Interviewer: What do you call him when there's Uh When there are some women around? Would you use another name? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. What kind what is the kind called that we uh get milk for from? 444: A cow. Interviewer: Uh. The ones you drive carts with uh if you had four then you would say you were dragging two What of oxen? 444: Pair. Interviewer: Um. In our fathers' time, what kinds of animals were used to pull a heavy loads besides horses? 444: {D:Oxen} Interviewer: Well, beside oxens, what would we 444: Mules. Interviewer: {NW} A little one when it's first born, of cattle, what do we call it? 444: Calf. Interviewer: Alright, what do we call a female? 444: {X} Interviewer: What do we call a male? 444: Heifer. I used to it's a male? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 444: {X} Interviewer: And female is what? 444: Heifer. Interviewer: If you had a cow by the name of Daisy expecting a calf, you'd say, Daisy's going to what? 444: {D: come in} Interviewer: Uh. What do you call the male horse? 444: A stallion. Interviewer: Can you think of any other names? Alright, riding animals are called what? 444: Horses. Interviewer: And a female is called a what? 444: Mare. Interviewer: But uh. Don't matter if they're male or female, they're still what? 444: Horses. Interviewer: Uh. If you didn't know how to ride, you would say, I have never a horse 444: Ever rode a horse. Interviewer: If you couldn't stay on, you say you'd say, I fell 444: Off. Interviewer: Uh. Say a little child went to sleep in bed and found herself on the floor in the morning, you you'd say, I must have 444: Fell off. Interviewer: {NW} The things that you would put on a horse's feet to protect them from the road, what would you call them? 444: Horseshoes. Interviewer: The parts of the horse's feet that you put the shoes into would be called a what? 444: Hoof. Interviewer: Um. The male sheep Do you know what a male sheep is called? Uh. What about a female? 444: Nothing. Interviewer: Alright. What do you raise sheep for? {NW} 444: For the wool. Interviewer: Uh what is a uh male hog called? 444: A boar. Interviewer: Uh what would you call a male that's been altered? 444: A boar. Interviewer: Uh. How big might must a pig get to be called a choate? 444: About a sixty-five or hundred pounds. Interviewer: What is an unbred female called? 444: A gilt. Interviewer: Uh. What are all these called? 444: Hogs. Interviewer: Uh. What do the hogs have on their backs? A stiff hair. What do we call that? 444: Bristles. Interviewer: Uh, and the big teeth that a hog has, what do we call them? 444: Tusk. Interviewer: Um. What will we call the thing that we put food in for a hog? To eat. 444: Trough. Interviewer: Um. What name do you have for a hog that's grown up wild? 444: Wild hog. Interviewer: Uh. Now. Uh. If you had a pig and you didn't want him to grow up to be a boar, What would you say you would were going to do with him? 444: {NW} Castrate him. Interviewer: Uh. Noise made by a calf when it has been wounded, you say the calf began to 444: Bawl. Interviewer: And general noises Or a noise made by a cow during feeding time. Have you heard of a cow when they're feeding, what kind of a noise do they make? 444: A roaring noise. Interviewer: Uh. What kind of noise does a horse make a general noise that a horse makes? 444: A uh whinny. Interviewer: When you're uh you're going you've got some horses, mules, and cows, and so forth now, When they are getting hurry hurried, you would have to go out and 444: Feed 'em. Interviewer: Uh. If you were going to feed the hens, turkeys, and geese so forth, what would you call all of them? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. A setting hen or a hen on a nest of eggs is called a what? 444: Setting hen. Interviewer: Uh. The place where they live Uh if it's just a little room shelter built out in the open for chick to run under out of {X} What do you call that? 444: Chicken coop. Interviewer: Uh. What when you eat one, what is the part that the children like to have so that they can pull it apart, see how it would break in a chicken? 444: Uh, pull bone. Wish bone. Interviewer: Uh, what do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you eat? The liver and heart and gizzard. Called chicken what? The part that you sometimes eat and sometimes stuff sausage in is what? 444: Chitlins. Interviewer: Uh. Now you your cow moo and your horse neigh you say, Gee, I didn't realize it was so late. It's right on 'til 444: Feeding time. Interviewer: Uh. How do you call your cows to get them from the pasture? 444: Say {D: suh} Cow. Interviewer: Uh, what about calling a cat? 444: Uh, {D: suh} cat. Interviewer: Uh, what do you say to mules or horses to make them go left and right? 444: Hee and haw Interviewer: Uh. How do you what calls would you make to a horse when you're trying to get him for to go from the pasture? 444: You you whistle at him. Interviewer: Uh. What do you say to a horse to urge him on? To make him go on. 444: {X} Get up or move. Interviewer: Uh. What would you say to stop him? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. How do you call hogs to feed 'em? 444: Call Come on, piggy. Interviewer: Uh. Do you know a name that uh how you would call sheep in the pasture? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What about chickens? How do you call chickens when you wanna feed 'em? 444: Uh. Chick, chick, chick, chick. Interviewer: Uh. If you want to get the horses ready to go somewhere you say, I want to How do you get 'em ready to go? 444: Uh. {X} Interviewer: {NW} When you uh are driving a horse, what do you hold in your hand? 444: Line. Interviewer: Suppose you're riding a horse. What do you guide him with? 444: A rein. Interviewer: What do you put your feet into when you're riding? Horse back. 444: {NW} Stirrups. Interviewer: Uh. If you have two horses, the horse on the left is called a what? 444: {NW} {X} Interviewer: Uh, if something's not right, and you're at home, you say, It's just a little 444: Little off. Interviewer: Uh. If you had been traveling and have not finished your journey, you might say that you had a What before dark? 444: A little ways to go, a long ways to go before dark. Interviewer: If something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a special place, You would say that you could find that just about 444: Anywhere. Interviewer: Uh. If he slipped on ice and fell this way He fell where? 444: Backwards. Interviewer: And if he fell this way? 444: Forward. Interviewer: Uh. {NW} If I should say, Did you catch any fish? You'd say No How many I want? 444: Didn't catch caught a few or didn't catch any, not a one. Interviewer: Uh. A student might say of a scolding teacher, Why is she blaming me? I Did blank wrong. 444: I didn't do it. No, I didn't I didn't do it. Uh, I wasn't wrong. Interviewer: Uh. If someone apologized for breaking your vase, and you say, That's alright, I didn't like it 444: No way or anyway. Interviewer: Uh, a cry crying child might say he was eating candy {D: he didn't give me} 444: Vanilla Interviewer: Uh. Well, if he didn't give you none, what would you say? 444: He didn't give me any. Give me none. Interviewer: Uh. Uh. Now, that boy's spoiled. When he grows up, you might say, He'll have his trouble If if a boy is spoiled, and he grows up, you might say, He'll have his trouble 444: When he get older then Interviewer: Uh. What do we call uh trenches cut by a plow? 444: A furrow. Interviewer: Uh. If you have a good yield, you say, We raised a big {NW} 444: Big crop. Interviewer: Uh. If we uh Need to Uh. If you get rid of all the bush and trees on the land, you say you did what? 444: {X} Clear it up, maybe. Interviewer: Alright, if you cut them uh down, To make a good road for the woods to a logging camp, you say, We just Did what to the land? 444: {X} Made a road or cleared a road. Interviewer: The second kind of clover grass What do you call the old, dead, dry grass left over the ground on the ground in the spring? What might you call it? 444: Just. {NW} Interviewer: You know what the wheat uh the wheat is tied up into a what? 444: {NW} Bundle. Interviewer: {NW} The bundles or or sheaves are piled up into a what? For it to dry and so forth. 444: {NW} Interviewer: What what what do we call when we uh put up peanuts and so forth? Have you ever dried any peanuts? What do you call 'em? When you uh. Put 'em in a pile. What do you call that little? 444: Stack 'em up or put the shelf or something like that. Interviewer: Uh. You uh if I should say uh if you were raising wheat and I say you uh How many uh You raise forty Of what? Of wheat. 444: Wheat bushels. Interviewer: Um. What have you got to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 444: {NW} Thresh it. Interviewer: Uh. If you and another man have got to do a job and you told him about it, you would say, You and Have to do it. You and who? 444: You and me. {NW} Interviewer: Uh. But if you were out speaking to him just talking about him, you'd say, The job is for 444: The both of us. Interviewer: Uh. If some friend Of yours or and you are coming over to see me, you say Blank and blank are coming over. 444: {X} Interviewer: How would you say? {NW} If you knock at the door, and they say, Who's there? They know your voice, and so you say, It's 444: Me. Interviewer: If we are sitting here expecting some man to knock the door, you say, Oh, it's only 444: Only him. Interviewer: If it is a woman, you'd say 444: Her. Interviewer: If it is two people, you'd say it's 444: Them. Interviewer: Uh. Comparing how tall you are, you say, He is not as tall as 444: Me. Interviewer: Uh. Comparing how tall you are again, you say, I am not as 444: Tall as you or. Interviewer: Uh, comparing how tall how well you can do something, you'd say, He can do it better than 444: Me. Interviewer: Uh, if a man has been running for two miles and then had to stop, you'd say, Two miles is He could go 444: Two miles all he can run. Interviewer: Uh. If something belongs to me, you say it's Blank. 444: Mine. Interviewer: Uh. If it belongs to both of us, you say it's 444: Ours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them. 444: Them think. Interviewer: What about to him? What would you say if it belongs to him? 444: His. Interviewer: And if it belongs to her? 444: Her. Interviewer: Uh people have uh been to visit you and they are about to leave, you say to them, Blank come back again. 444: Y'all come back. Interviewer: Uh, now if somebody's been to a party far later than you were asking about the wraps or their coats, you might you would say, Where are If they're fixing to leave and and you wanna get their coats and things for 'em, what would you say? Where are 444: Where are the clothes I wonder Interviewer: Uh. Asking about people at a party, you would say Blank. Has been there. 444: Say, He has been there. Interviewer: Uh, a group of children that obviously belong to more than one family, you'd ask you'd ask about them children over there. If you went to a party, and you want to know uh You'd ask about somebody's children, you'd say, "Blank children are they?" 444: Uh. They children there. Interviewer: Uh. When you're asking about a speaker's remark, you might say, "Blank didn't say 444: What did he say? Interviewer: Uh. If no one else will look Uh out for them, you'd say, They've got to look out for 444: Themselves. Interviewer: If no one else will do it for him, you say, He had better do it 444: His self. Interviewer: What is made of flour baked in loaves? 444: {X} Interviewer: What is made of flour? 444: Is it biscuits? Interviewer: Alright, when it's made to rise with yeast, you'd call it what? 444: Loaves. Interviewer: Alright, what uh Uh what do we have to have uh what is first what we have to make uh What is flour made from? 444: Wheat. Interviewer: Uh. Other kinds of bread made of uh Uh. Flour. What would you uh What might you call it. Some other kinds of bread made of flour? Can you think of any? 444: Cake. {X} Interviewer: Uh, what are the kinds of uh Bread are not in loaves. 444: {NW} Made of flat biscuits and {X} bread. Interviewer: Alright, what is baked in a large cake pan or corn meal? 444: Cornbread. Interviewer: Uh. Now, you mentioned cornbread. What do you mean by cornbread? 444: That's uh bread's made out of meal. Cornmeal. Interviewer: Alright, and you got to know another kind. And know another kind? 444: What uh Interviewer: Alright, suppose you have a kind that doesn't have anything in it except corn meal, salt, and water. What do you call that? Do you uh do you ever have any kind of cornbread that people have talked about making for the fire or the board or something like that, only larger? 444: {NW} Hoe cake and Interviewer: Alright what how else what would you call that uh that's Cooked on top of the stove. Might cook on top of the stove. 444: Turnover or? Turnover. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, do you know what a corndodger is? You ever heard the term corndodger? Uh, what do we have that um That you uh Uh. Deep fat, uh cook it, and uh eat with fish. What do you call it? 444: Hush puppy. Interviewer: Uh. There are two kinds of bread. The homemade version and the kind that you buy at the store. It's called what? {NW} If you buy it at the store, you'd call it what kind of bread? 444: Loaf or. Interviewer: #1 Loaf of bread.{NW} # 444: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: If it's made at home, what do you call it? 444: Homemade. Interviewer: Uh, what is fried in deep-fat with a hole in the center? Uh, what do we call that's deep-fried with a hole, and it's sweet? 444: Donut. Interviewer: Uh. Sometimes you make up a batter and fry three or four of these at a time. You eat them with syrup and butter. And what would you call these? 444: Pancakes. Interviewer: Uh. Would they always be made out of wheat flour? Can you think of any other You uh Do you call them anything else other than pancakes? Uh. You went to the store to buy two Blank of flour. What does flour come in? 444: Pound. Interviewer: Uh, what would you use to make a bread that is not baking powder or soda? It comes in a small little packet and it's dry and get granulated. 444: Yeast. Interviewer: Uh, what are the two parts of the egg? 444: Yolk and the yellow. Interviewer: Alright, one is the white and the other one's what? 444: The yellow. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. What color would you say the yolk is now? 444: Colorless. Interviewer: No, what color is the yolk? You said it a while ago What color is the yolk? One is the white, and the other is what? 444: Yellow. Interviewer: Hard of what? It's the white and the what? What is another name for the yellow? Hmm? 444: The yolk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And now what color would you call the yolk again? 444: Uh. Interviewer: What color is the yolk? 444: Yellow. Interviewer: #1 Alright, if you cook them in hard in hot water, what do you call them? # 444: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 If you # 444: #2 {X} # Interviewer: If you cook a egg in hot water, what would you call it? 444: Uh. It'll be {X} Interviewer: #1 Well, if you uh haven't broken it, and it's still in the # 444: #2 Boiled. # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: Alright. If you crack them and let them fall out of the shells into hot water, what kind are they? 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 How they compare? # 444: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Uh. {D: Pat's old book} Is called what? What do we call? {D: Bats all porch} 444: {X} Interviewer: Um. When you touch a side of a hog, what do you call that? 444: Mm. Bacon. Interviewer: Alright, if there's some bacon it's uh. Okay. The kind of meat that you buy sliced thin to eat with eggs. 444: It'd be bacon {D: ain't it?} Interviewer: Alright, would you call it bacon? No? Um. What about uh When you chew or Uh. Bacon what do you uh What kind of taste what what would you call it? 444: Smoked. Smoked bacon. Interviewer: Uh. The outside of the bacon is called? What's another name for uh skin? What would you call it? Bacon what? What about a orange or lemon what? 444: Peeling. Peel or. Interviewer: Or what other name other than peel of or peeling? 444: Skin. Interviewer: What's another name for skin? 444: The rind. Interviewer: {NW} Uh, the kind of meat you buy and then slice thin to eat with your eggs. What do you Eat with your eggs? 444: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 It's cut thin. # Sliced thin. 444: Bacon. Interviewer: Alright, bacon or what did you say? 444: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh, what would you call the trimmings that you might slice up, Grind, and season? Uh, then either stuff in a case and a wrap and a loaf to be sold as breakfast food. 444: {X} Interviewer: Alright, who would do that for you? What do we call the man behind the meat counter that 444: Butcher. Interviewer: Uh, if meat has been kept too long, you say the meat has done what? #1 If it's been # 444: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Kept too long. 444: Stale. Spoiled. Interviewer: Uh, after you butcher a hog, what do you make with the meat from its head? 444: Uh. {X} Interviewer: Uh, what do you call the dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver? {NS} 444: I know the man staying next to us, he would take a boar and get some glass, pour it up, and drink it anytime he would kill a hog and cooked it all. {X} Talking about people making pies and pudding out of it. Interviewer: The head uh. Suppose you had kept your butter too long, and it didn't taste good. What would you call the taste or how would you describe its condition? 444: It'd be uh molded or tainted or Interviewer: Alright. Uh, thick, sour milk that you keep on hand is called? 444: Clotted milk. Interviewer: What kind of cheese do you make from uh from it? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What kind of cheese can you buy in box at the store that's made from uh 444: Clotted milk. Cottage cheese. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um. What do you do to the milk The first thing after milking? 444: Strain it. Interviewer: Um. What is baked in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on top? 444: Apple pie or clotted clouded I don't know clouded pie or something like that Interviewer: {NW} 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. Somebody has a good appetite and you say, He sure likes to put away his What? 444: Food. Interviewer: Alright, what's another name for food? 444: {X} {X} Interviewer: {NW} What do you call the sweet liquid that you pour over the pudding? What's that liquid called? What's another name for gravy in {X}? That you put on the pudding. Say you had a orange. 444: Orange Interviewer: What about sauce? Have you heard of sauce? 444: Orange or sauce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Uh. {NS} If uh say I've morning uh What do you say or breakfast is if you got up and I What breakfast? What what do you do I? How do you get food? 444: I I ate breakfast. Interviewer: Alright, and yesterday at that time, I had already what? 444: Already eaten. Interviewer: And last week I? Blank breakfast everyday. 444: I ate breakfast everyday. Interviewer: Alright, what do people drink for breakfast? 444: Coffee. Milk. #1 Juice. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # How do you make coffee? 444: Uh. Some uh instant coffee just Heat your water and put put the coffee in there and then uh that {X} coffee you have to let it boil and {X} with the grained coffee. Interviewer: What do you drink when you get thirsty? 444: {NW} Water. Interviewer: Alright. You drink it out of what or. Uh. 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 At the table. # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What What do you You drink it out of what at the table? 444: Glass. {NS} Interviewer: Um, if I ask you how much did you drink, you say, I a lot of it. 444: I drank {X} of it. Interviewer: Alright, and also we say, We sure blank a lot of water 444: Sure drank a lot of water. Interviewer: Alright. When dinner is at the table, and the family's standing around waiting to begin, what do you say to them? 444: Come on. Dinner's ready. Interviewer: Alright, when you're there and what do you say? When you tell 'em to. 444: Help to plate. Help yourselves. Interviewer: Well, wait. What They're around the table ready To sit down, what do you say? 444: To have a seat. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. If you have company for dinner, what do you say? 444: Tell 'em come on too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, somebody comes into the dining room. You ask him, Won't you What down 444: Won't you sit down? Interviewer: Alright. So then he What and begin to eat? 444: He uh help his plate {X} Interviewer: Alright, after he uh if you said, Won't you sit down? Then, after that then, so then he What? What do you do what'd you do a while ago when you came in and you 444: Have a seat. Interviewer: Alright, no one else was standing. They had all what? 444: Sat down. Interviewer: Uh. If you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed, you say If you have food on the table and and they're not waiting for it to be passed, you say what? 444: Just help your plate. Interviewer: Uh, since he had already What himself? 444: Already gotten it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 444: #2 Himself. # Interviewer: What other apart for help since he'd already what? 444: He already Interviewer: If you have food on the table and they're not waiting for it to be passed, you say what? 444: Just help your plate. Interviewer: Uh, since he had already What himself? 444: Already gotten it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 444: #2 Himself. # Interviewer: What other part for help since he'd already what? 444: He already served his Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 444: #2 Served his plate. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if you decide not to eat something, you say, I don't 444: I don't want this or need this. Interviewer: Perhaps you had something uh more than you could eat for Sunday dinner, Monday you'd eat it and you would say you were having 444: Leftovers. Interviewer: Uh. You put food in your mouth, and then you begin to 444: Chew it. Interviewer: Um. What uh did you ever take corn meal and boil it with salt water and eat it that way? Maybe? You know what you would call it? It's cornmeal and you you boil it with salt and water and eat it. 444: It'll be uh Some kind of dumplings or Interviewer: Alright, well cornmeal would be what? 444: Be some mush cush or something like Interviewer: Uh, things that like carrots, peas, beets, and stuff, what would you call them what? 444: Vegetables. Interviewer: Uh. Would you have any other name depending on whether you raised them at home or bought them at the market? If they were uh if you had 'em at home, what would you call 'em? 444: They're home home grown Interviewer: {NW} If you bought 'em uh At the market, what would you call it? 444: It's store bought. Interviewer: Uh. A small pot near the house where you might grow vegetables would be what? 444: Garden. Interviewer: What is a what is a particularly Southern that is often served with sausage and eggs made out of ground corn and boiled Served with salt and pepper and butter or gravy? Have you ever seen it uh I've seen some made at uh #1 Ashes. # 444: #2 {X} # Hot potato put it in the ashes. With corn in it. Put some ashes in there under it. Interviewer: Have you seen it made? 444: Right. A lot of times. Mother used to make it all the time. Interviewer: Um. What is the starch made from the inside of a grain raised either in Louisiana, Arkansas, or Texas. What do we have sometimes with chickens and so forth? Besides potatoes. Or wine. 444: Rice. Interviewer: Uh, what are some names for non-tax paid alcoholic beverages? 444: {NW} Moonshine, corn whiskey, and white lightning. I know {X} Interviewer: Uh. When something's cooking, it makes a good impression on your nostrils, your nose, you say, Someone just Blank it. What do we use your nose for? To what? 444: Smelling. Interviewer: Alright, you crush the cane and boil the juice to make what? 444: Molasses. Syrup. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 444: #2 Molasses. # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: Alright, you mentioned both syrup and molasses. What's the difference between them? You know the difference between syrup and molasses? 444: Well, I know molasses is the one that you make on these uh that you take the cane in juice and boil it. Molasses in itself is hardly a little different but it's probably something like that. Corn syrup's tough to make. Interviewer: Alright, uh. Do you think um Syrup is as thick as molasses? 444: {NW} Not exactly. I don't think so. If uh This is not the same thing. Interviewer: {NW} {X} Or can you think of between syrup and molasses or kinds of sweetening Um If uh do you know uh what's do you know of a name of a syrup? Right off hand. Out what syrup would be made out of. Can you think of a tree that 444: {NW} Maple tree. Maple syrup. Interviewer: Um. Alright. This isn't imitation maple syrup. It's It's not imitation. It's what? 444: It's pure. Interviewer: Alright, what's another word for pure? 444: Real. Interviewer: Alright. What else? If you say to somebody this is uh You had a leather watch, you'd say it's what leather? The band. 444: Uh. Real leather or genuine leather. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. When sugar isn't packaged but weighed out of the barrel You say it's so Packed. 444: Bulk. Interviewer: Um. What do you call a sweet spread that you make by boiling Sugar and either the juice of apples, peaches, or strawberries? 444: {NW} Jelly. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. What do you have on the table to season food with? 444: {NW} Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Uh. There's a bowl of fruit, peaches, and apples. Somebody offers you a peach, and you say, No give me 444: An apple. Interviewer: Um. It wasn't these boys. It must have been one of What boy? 444: Them boy. Interviewer: Uh, or suppose you're identifying a certain group. You say, It wasn't these boys. It was 444: Those. Interviewer: Uh. He doesn't live here. Uh, he lives at a great distance. You say he lives 444: Down the road there. Over there. Interviewer: Uh. Don't do it that way. Do it 444: This way. Interviewer: Uh, when somebody speaks to you, and you don't hear what he says. What do you say to make him repeat? 444: I beg your pardon. I didn't hear you. Or what'd you say? Interviewer: Uh, if a man has plenty of money, he doesn't have anything to worry about. But life is hard on a man That's what? 444: Poor. Interviewer: Uh, if you have a lot of peach trees, you have What? 444: Peach orchard. Interviewer: Alright. Um. When I was a boy, my father was poor. But next door was a boy Whose father's what? 444: Rich. Interviewer: Um. When eating a cherry pie, what might one accidentally bite on down on that might break a tooth? 444: Seed. Interviewer: Alright. Um. What's inside a peach? 444: {NW} Seed. Interviewer: Alright, what else might be there? What's it called? 444: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um. {NS} What other kind let's see Uh, what is the what you call The kind of peach that uh Where the flesh is uh tighter against the stone? Against the Seed. 444: That'll be a plum peach. Interviewer: Um. The kind of peach you break up and take the seed out of 444: {X} Peach. Interviewer: Uh, what do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 444: The core. Interviewer: Uh, when you cut up apples or peaches And dry them, you're making What? 444: Um, dried fruit. Interviewer: Uh. Did you ever heard them called {X} Uh. The kind of nuts you pull up out of the ground and roast. What're they called? 444: Peanuts. Interviewer: Are there other names you've heard 'em called? 444: Goobers. Interviewer: Anything else? My grandpa he used to call them ground peas. He used to 444: #1 We'd bring back ground peas and bring us some peanuts. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um. What other kinds of nuts do you have or do you know about? 444: Hickory nuts and chestnuts. Don't have many of those now. I used to go out in the woods and pick up all of them. Now I just can't find 'em. All of 'em dead now. Interviewer: Um. What about um The uh Uh. Pecans and what what other kind of nuts? That's well known that you can think of? 444: English walnuts and walnuts. Interviewer: Alright. What uh The hard part of the walnut What do we call that? 444: Shell. Interviewer: Alright, when a walnut falls off a tree, it has a soft cover around it You know what it's called? You can wait until it dries and break it off and it stains your hands and clothes and {X} 444: It could be a {NW} Peeling or the shell or something. Interviewer: Alright, another kind of nuts that grows down South long and flat-shaped Something like your eye with a thin {X} Shell. What do you call that? 444: {NW} Brazil nut. Interviewer: Well, it's very thin shell. 444: Uh. {X} Uh, well pecan. Interviewer: Uh. The a kind of fruit about as big as an apple but with a thick skin like a lemon What what is that? 444: A grapefruit or orange or. Interviewer: Alright, there's a bowl of oranges standing somewhere, and one day you go To get one and there aren't any left. You say, "The oranges are 444: All gone. Interviewer: Um. The small, red-covered root vegetables Or vegetable you eat raw. A small red-covered root vegetable. They're hot. 444: Radishes. Interviewer: Um. The kind of red vegetable that you grow on a bush. You slice them and eat them on lettuce. You make ketchup out of 'em. 444: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Uh. Have you had 'em Uh. What do you call the little bitty ones? You know what A common Lot of people {X} Call them 444: Is it {D: telatoes} Or something like that? Interviewer: Uh. Along with your meat, you might have a baked 444: Potato. Interviewer: Alright, what kind of potatoes are there? Do you know of 'em? 444: Mashed potatoes. Baked potatoes. Sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Uh, the kind of potatoes with yellow meat, What are they? 444: Real sweet potatoes. #1 {D: Young potato.} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # A what? 444: {X} Potato. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Something with a strong odor that makes tears come to your eyes and grows in the garden. 444: Onion. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. 444: We used to go down in the garden and pick 'em up and eat onions with cornbread Eat onions and cornbread. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call those uh The young onions that come in first. At first when you plant 'em back in fall and then 444: Nest onions. {X} Interviewer: Alright, and you ever heard of 'em called {X} Uh. What are some of the vegetables you would use for a good soup? What what kind of vegetables you got there? Soup. 444: I like peas and okra and corn, me. Interviewer: Alright. 444: Carrots. Interviewer: Uh. Do you know what what would you call that Or what might you call that besides the soup? Or vegetable soup. 444: Hmm. Oh, gumbo. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 444: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} If you leave an apple or a plum around, it will dry up and what? 444: #1 Rot. # Interviewer: #2 What do you # 444: Dry up and Interviewer: {X} 444: #1 Shrivel up. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 444: It'll shrivel up. Interviewer: Alright, what are some leafy vegetables that come in heads? 444: Cabbage and Interviewer: Alright, I like If I say, "I like these What? If it's more than one, what would you say? I like these what? 444: #1 Uh, cabbages. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Alright and speaking about the size, you'd say these 444: These are large ones or Interviewer: {NW} Uh, what different kinds of beans do you have? Or do you know about? 444: Butter beans, {X} Beans, string beans, lima beans. {X} Interviewer: Alright. If you don't uh eat the pods and all, you have to what? {X} Uh, the kind of large, flat beans that you don't eat in the pod What do you call those? The large, flat beans that you don't eat in a pod. 444: It'll be uh Oh the butter beans. Yeah, butter bean. Interviewer: Butter beans are what kind? What'd you say? 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Butter beans. # Okay. The kind of beans you eat pod and all. That'll be the green bean, string bean. Uh, you take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a mess of 444: Turnip greens. Interviewer: Uh. What type of greens do you use? Or if you had some green stuff that you put in salads. And you had two bunches of Uh, what would you call? 444: It'll be uh lettuce. Interviewer: Alright, what do you call lettuce what? 444: Head. Interviewer: {NW} Uh, you have two boys and three girls. You have 444: Five children. Interviewer: Uh. Did you ever speak of them uh as so many heads? 444: Five heads. Interviewer: Alright. 444: #1 Five mouths. # Interviewer: #2 And you'd say I got what? # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 444: Got five mouths to feed. Interviewer: Uh. If uh he had seven boys and seven girls, you might say he had a What of children? 444: A whole house full of 'em. And uh equal amount. Interviewer: Alright, can you think of another word you might use? {NW} You can't you can't think of another word that you Use for a lot of children. Have you ever heard of the word {X} 444: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} When you pick corn, the green covering you take off the ears is the what? 444: The shuck. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of corn that is tender enough to eat off the cob is What would you call it? You go get a corn and 444: {X} Interviewer: Oh. Can you think of any other names you might call it? 444: {NW} {D: I just hope it call it nothing} Interviewer: {NW} Anything else? Um. The thing that grows at the top of corn stalk. What you call that? 444: {D: Uh, tops.} Interviewer: The stringy stuff that comes out of the end of the corn shucks and makes you have to brush off the ear when you take the shuck off. What's that called? 444: Silk. Corn silk. Interviewer: Uh, what do you make a jack-o-lantern out of? 444: A pumpkin. Interviewer: The kind of small, yellow crook crook-necked vegetable. What do you call that? 444: Squash. Interviewer: What kinds of melons do you raise? Or do you like? 444: Uh, mainly watermelons and you ever heard of a pie melon? Interviewer: {D: No, never in my life.} 444: That's the kind that I don't reckon you can't eat 'em but it look just like a watermelon, but you can't burst 'em. You can pull 'em and we used to play ball with 'em. And then I think mother used to make some kind of preserve out of 'em. It's called a pie melon. Interviewer: {D: You grow bread in 'em?} 444: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} 444: #1 It's some kind of soil-richening this is I guess what it is. They about did away with it, but I know we used to have it. # Interviewer: #2 It seems to me I don't know # And your mother make uh 444: #1 Uh, preserve. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Jelly out of 'em? Preserves? # 444: {NW} There may be a different name for it. We called it pie melon. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of melon uh with the yellow meat. What do you call that? 444: A yellow-meated watermelon. Interviewer: Well, can you think of another fruit? {NW} That you'd uh Raise. We have around here now. 444: Uh. Mushmelon. Cantaloupe. Interviewer: Uh. Small, umbrella-shaped things that grow in damp cellars in the shade out in the woods. 444: Uh, mushrooms. Interviewer: Uh. Alright, I think you uh Mention, you did mention these before when we were talking about melons. They are large and green and people sometimes Uh, pickle the rind. What are the kinds that you know of? I think you mentioned it a while ago. 444: I believe that's what I was talking about. That pie melon or whatever we'd call it. I don't know what the name of it. Interviewer: Alright. Now, what's a common name that we have around here for those big With the green rind Round it. They're large and green. You got that some of them have red meat, and some of them have yellow meat. 444: Watermelon. Interviewer: Uh. Anything that uh looks kind of like a Mushroom only it's not good to eat What do we call? Or what would you call it? They look like mushrooms, but we don't eat them. They're not good to eat. Found out in the woods and 444: It'll be uh toad uh like toadstools or Interviewer: {NW} 444: Frog stools something or Interviewer: If a man has a sore throat so the inside of his throat is all swollen, You say, "You couldn't eat that piece of meat because you couldn't 444: Swallow it. Interviewer: Alright, he could chew it, but he couldn't 444: Swallow it. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. Some people smoke pipes. Others smoke 444: Cigarettes. Cigars. Interviewer: Uh, there were a lot of people at the party having a good time, and they were standing around the piano. Doing what do you think? 444: Singing. Interviewer: And if a funny story had been uh Told they're all they'd all be what? 444: Laughing. Interviewer: Uh. Somebody offers to do you a favor. You say, I appreciate it, but I don't want to be If someone does you a favor, 444: #1 You don't wanna be uh no bother don't want to trouble you. Cause you that much trouble. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Somebody ask about you doing a certain job, and you'd say, Sure, I Blank it. 444: I'd do it. Be glad to do it. Interviewer: If you're not able to do something, you say, I'd like to, but I 444: I can't. I ain't able. Interviewer: Somebody ask you about sundown to do some work, and you say, I got up to work before sun up, and I all I'm going to do today. 444: Um. Uh, did all I'm going to do {D: today.} Interviewer: What uh what do we do in the daytime? Call it. 444: I been working all day. Interviewer: Uh. If you were talking about the fact that so many of your old friends are still alive, you might say, I spent all week looking for my high school classmates, and it seems they're 444: They're all gone or Interviewer: What do we call that. They're what? 444: They're all uh All left or all Interviewer: If they're not still alive, what do we say? 444: They're all dead. Interviewer: He should be in a Such a situation uh. You would say uh Uh. {X} Uh, what's another way that you say instead of ought to be careful? Is what? 444: Should be more careful. Interviewer: Alright, I'll I dare you to go through the graveyard at night, but I'll bet you What? 444: {D: Can't} Interviewer: If you dare someone to go through the graveyard at night and say, But I bet you 444: Scared to. Interviewer: Uh. You aren't doing what you Blank to do. 444: Told to do. Supposed to do. Interviewer: Uh, a boy got a whipping, you said You say, "I bet did something he 444: Didn't have no business. Interviewer: Or what else? 444: He Shouldn't have did Interviewer: I'm refusing uh in a very strong way, you say, No matter how many times you ask me to do that, I 444: Ain't gonna do it. Interviewer: Uh. Can you think of another word you'd use instead of ain't? 444: Not. Interviewer: And what else? 444: I won't. Interviewer: When you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your family was standing around without helping, you say, You If you want somebody to help you and don't stand around, then you'd say, You 444: You could've helped or Interviewer: Suggesting the possibility of being able to do something, you say, I'm not sure, but I Blank do it. 444: I'll try to. Interviewer: Or you what? 444: I might. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of bird that can see in the dark. 444: A bat. Interviewer: What else? 444: A owl. Interviewer: What kind of owl? 444: Hoot owl. Screech owl. Interviewer: Um. The bigger kind with the deeper voice. Is called what? It's larger than the others. {X} 444: It'll be the hoot owl. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of bird that drills holes in trees. 444: A woodpecker. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of black and white animal with a powerful smell. 444: Polecat. Skunk. Interviewer: What kinds of animals come and uh raid hen roosts. What do we call 'em? 444: {NW} Possums or Interviewer: What would we call a possum? If they gonna come and raid the uh hen houses. 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. The little bushy-tailed animals that run up and down trees. What kind uh what are they called? 444: Squirrel. Interviewer: Uh. Do you know any other names for some that you might have around? 444: {NW} Gray squirrel or Fox squirrel or cat squirrel. Interviewer: How do these different squirrels compare in size? 444: Well for we call a fox squirrel, it's larger than the gray squirrel. The gray squirrel is small and Interviewer: Uh. Anything sort of uh like a squirrel that doesn't climb trees? What do you call that? 444: A rabbit. Interviewer: Now, it's it's sort of like a squirrel But it doesn't climb trees. It still it looks like a squirrel. It sort of looks like a squirrel. 444: {NW} A chipmunk. Interviewer: Uh, could you tell me what it looks like? Where it lives? 444: It stays in the ground and got little stripes down its back. Small small real small. Interviewer: Uh, do you have any around where you live? 444: Right, I uh saw them run across the road. We used to catch 'em, but. Interviewer: What kinds of seafood do you commonly get? 444: Uh, fish. Interviewer: What kind? 444: Uh, trouts. Catfish and brim around here. Interviewer: {NW} That'd be uh What we call what kind of fish? Compared to salt water. 444: Fresh water fish. Interviewer: Um. What is it that you aren't supposed to eat if the name of the Uh, month doesn't have an R in it? 444: Rabbit. Interviewer: No, this is still about seafood. Or what do pearls grow in? What do we say pearls grow in? 444: Uh. In oysters. Interviewer: Uh. These things you'll hear making noise around a pond at night, what are they called? 444: Frogs. Interviewer: Alright, what do you call the big ones? 444: Bullfrogs. Interviewer: Alright, you know any other names? What kind of sound do they make? 444: {NW} Kind of a Interviewer: Can you think of what they How they sound? How would you say if you If your child asked you how a frog frog sound What would you say? 444: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. What other. Let's see Talking about frogs um. The uh. Kind of frog that never grows to uh To much more than an inch in size. You know what that They're very they're small. 444: Uh. Spring frog or tree frogs Interviewer: Uh. The kind that hop around in your garden and eat insects and are sometimes blamed for warts. 444: Toad frog. Interviewer: What might you put on your hook when you go fishing? 444: A worm. Interviewer: Uh. Where where did the worm come from? What would you call it? 444: An earthworm. Interviewer: Um. Um. The hard-shelled thing that pulls in its neck and legs into its shell when you uh touch it. What do you call that? 444: A terrapin. Interviewer: Alright, what are another word? What's one around the water? 444: A turtle. Interviewer: Alright, you know any kinds of Turtles? 444: Mm, I know a loggerhead turtle. Snapping turtle. Interviewer: Uh. 444: Turtle can't get his legs and things up in the shell. Interviewer: Uh. Would uh What kind can get its legs back in its shell 444: A terrapin. It close itself up. A turtle can't. Interviewer: Alright, something like a turtle, only it lives on dry land. 444: Uh. They call 'em. I don't think we got any around here, but down in in Georgia, I think they call them a gopher. Interviewer: Uh. What what would we call them uh What would you Or nearly call them. 444: {NW} Interviewer: #1 I think you said it a while ago. # 444: #2 A terrapin. Uh. # Interviewer: Uh, a kind of thing that you find in fresh water streams He's got claws, and you turn over on its back, it often swims way backward. 444: Crawfish. Interviewer: Uh. Those what do you call small flat-tailed uh fan-tailed sea animals with a thin, almost transparent shells. They're caught by dragging nets on the bottom of the bay. Go for ocean. {X} Uh. 444: {D: Bill} shrimp Interviewer: Uh, the insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into it. Uh, when you grab it and powder comes off on your hands. What do you call it? 444: {X} Interviewer: Alright, can you think of another name? 444: Uh. Moth or um. Malt moth Interviewer: #1 Alright, the things that uh # 444: #2 {D: Mole} # Interviewer: Get in your wool clothes and eat them up if you aren't careful. 444: It'll be some uh Malt moths. Interviewer: The things that fly around at night and flash their lights on and off. 444: We call 'em lightning bugs. Interviewer: Alright, what would be another name for 'em? 444: {NW} Some kind of I don't know {X} Flies. {X} Interviewer: Alright, now do you what kind do you call it uh Uh, I know I've done it before. Tied the string around their legs. What would you call them? 444: We call 'em june bugs. We used take 'em. We did this when I was down When you go to a dance and have to put your hand on the light and it show up You get one of those lightning bugs and catch it and mash it on your hand and put it under that light that you don't wanna be going into a dance, and they see if your hand is stamped. You put that under the light, it'll show up just like they stamped it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 444: #1 We used to # Interviewer: #2 Never heard of that. # Uh. What do you call a long, thin-bodied insect with a hard little beak and Two pairs of uh shiny wings. It hovers around damp place and eats its own weight in mosquitoes and so forth. Uh, I I've seen some um What we call uh Go to a spring and see um buzzing around flying around on top of the water What would you call those? 444: Uh, we would call them snake doctors. Interviewer: It hovers around damp places and eats its own weight in mosquitoes and so forth. Uh, I know I've seem some um What we call uh Go to a spring and see 'em buzzing around, flying around on top of the water. What would you call those? 444: Uh, we always called 'em snake doctors. Interviewer: I've heard that, too. What about you heard any other name? 444: {NW} Dragonflies. Interviewer: {NW} Uh, I was always told that uh if you see a snake doctor flying around, then you better be careful of a snake. #1 Have you been told that? # 444: #2 Right. Right. # Interviewer: What kinds of stinging insects do you know? 444: {NW} Wasps. Bumblebees, bees. Hornets. Yellow jackets. Interviewer: Alright, what call a a kind of insect that builds big paper nests? The size of a football on trees. 444: Hornets. Interviewer: Alright, are there more than one kind? 444: Mm. Interviewer: Uh, the kind that builds small paper nests off of the side of a house? What are they called? 444: Wasps. Interviewer: Alright, what else do you uh The kind that builds uh Uh, mud nests up on the side of a house. 444: Dirt dauber. Interviewer: Alright, do they sting? 444: Not often and They won't hardly sting you. I mean, I've never been stung by one. Some people say they will, and some say they won't. Interviewer: #1 I've heard that, too. # 444: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: {D: I did.} 444: #1 I'm not either. # Interviewer: #2 I'm not as scared of them as I am wasps. # The kind that builds nests in the ground and swarm over you. 444: #1 Yellow jackets. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Those things hurt, don't they? 444: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh, things that fly around at night and bite. Sometimes they caught carry malaria. 444: Mosquito. Interviewer: A small insect that buried uh burrowing in your skin and raise welts. 444: Mm. Red bugs. Interviewer: {NW} Are they called something else? 444: Chiggers. Interviewer: Uh. How if you had uh Uh got any chiggers red bugs on you, how how would you Think about getting 'em off? My husband's got a way of He does. How do you do? 444: Well, the best thing I know is get some uh Put some uh We gotta use alcohol or some Purex On it. Get 'em off of me. #1 Clorox or Purex. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh. Well, he's he {D: continually} Puts uh Clear fingernail polish on there. 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 It'll smother them and get them off. I hate to put that on him. # I didn't know what method that you had to get 'em off. Uh, what are the insects there are some green and some brown that hop along in the grass in the summertime? 444: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Um. 444: {D: Hop a grass.} Interviewer: Uh. Small fish used for bait. What do we call that? 444: Uh, little minnows. Interviewer: Uh. The things that gather up in the ceiling of rooms that haven't been uh cleaned. What're they called? 444: {NW} It'll be flies or Interviewer: No, the the thing that you that gathers up in the ceiling of rooms that haven't been cleaned. 444: #1 That's uh spider webs or. # Interviewer: #2 If you look in the corners. # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh. And you heard of 'em called any other name? 444: Mm. {D: You heard they call 'em.} In the ghost town, what they call 'em? Uh. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 444: #2 I know the title, but I can't call it. # Interviewer: {NW} Can you think of another name that you might And that you heard used or you'd use. 444: Cobweb. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. When you're pulling up a stump, you have to dig around and cut the 444: The roots of it. Interviewer: Uh, the kind of tree you tap for syrup. 444: Maple. Interviewer: Uh. What would you call a big group of uh these trees? 444: {NW} Interviewer: If you had a big group of these maples, what would you call it? 444: A forest. Interviewer: And what else? 444: A grove. Interviewer: Uh. A kind of tree with broad leaves, which are shed all at once. Uh, all at one time with a Bark that peels. The little knob or balls. 444: Sycamore tree. Interviewer: Uh. What are some uh common trees that you know of that's growing in the community around here? Can you think of different Different names? 444: #1 Just a ordinary tree. # Interviewer: #2 Name the trees, uh-huh. # 444: Like pines, oak, and gum. Interviewer: Any more? 444: {NW} Maple. And uh. Blackjack and Spruce, pine, and all of that that I know of. Interviewer: What did George Washington cut down? What did George Washington cut down? You've heard that all your life in school and so forth. 444: It uh. Cherry tree. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh. What do you call a bush that grows along the road or by fences and the leaves turn bright red early and small clumps of berries are Uh. And they're used by old people in the tanning leather. Have you heard That called. Well, some of 'em say that uh Uh. I I've been told that some of 'em think that it's poison You know It's not poison ivy now. 444: {X} Interviewer: You heard it called anything? 444: Mm. {X} Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Any kinds of bushes that make uh your skin break out when you brush against them. 444: Mm. There's Poison ivy, and some ones you Don't have to get up against I can just look at it, and it get on me. Interviewer: I agree. I've been that way, too. When it's bad, I have to take shots when I get it. 444: {D: Back in when I got caught down there start run in a whole big patch of it.} And I had to crawl out through there when it got all over me. Interviewer: That uh. And then, what'd you do to get rid of it? 444: Well, I I stepped in it while uh Whether this uh Clorex, Purex. {X} Vinegar and salt. Is good, too. That'll be why if the salt will dry it up too fast like it'll come back on me. Interviewer: Yeah. 444: No, but that's real. That's the best I found. Take uh vinegar and salt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 444: Do it as soon as you get some. There're cream and lotion and stuff, but I mean just home remedy. I do use salt and vinegar. Interviewer: Um. What uh what do we have around that uh or what kinds of Berries uh. Are there? Well, they're red berries and you eat with sugar and cream, what do you call 'em? What do we have around here that we eat with sugar and cream? 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They're red. # 444: Raspberry or strawberries. Interviewer: Uh. What kinds of berries uh do you know of that are around here? 444: Blackberries and juneberries and Strawberry. Interviewer: Alright, the kinds of berries with rough surfaces. Or surface rough surfaces. Can you think of it? Some are red, and some are red and black. 444: Is it the blueberries or raspberries or Mulberries? Mulberry grows on trees, though, don't it? Interviewer: I think so. Uh. You say, "Be careful about these berries. They might be what? If it's not safe to eat, it might be what? 444: {NW} Maybe uh Poison. Interviewer: Uh. The flowering bushes that bloom in the late spring. You know what they're called? They're tall with clusters of beautiful pink and white flowers. Have you heard it? Have you heard it called? {D: Alright, do you know what's uh much bigger and one with long longer segments of stem.} Used to grow farther up in the mountains. 444: Would that be those pine uh needle long-needled pines or something? Interviewer: Uh, now have you heard of rhododendron? Or laurel? 444: {NW} Interviewer: A large flowering tree, shiny leaves and big white flowers. Uh, leaves a prickly seed pod about the size and shape of a cucumber. What's what's the South that uh we are noted for having beautiful what? What kind of tree? What's the Mississippi called? What state? 444: Uh uh Magnolia State. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh. Um. What are some names that you can think of that'd be used by older Uh. People say if a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind, she says, "I must ask Make up her own mind, she says, "I must ask 444: #1 The elder. # Interviewer: #2 Say your wife couldn't, say your wife couldn't make up her mind, she'd say, I must ask # 444: Elder people. Older people. Interviewer: No, I'm I'm sorry. I misled you there. Say your wife Said that she couldn't make up her mind, she said, uh, I must ask 444: Mother. Interviewer: No, I said your wife. #1 She would ask what? # 444: #2 {X} # Her husband. Interviewer: Alright, and what else might she say? 444: What's the man of the house? {NS} Interviewer: Uh. I think we said that uh 444: He would asked her. Old lady or missus of the house. Interviewer: Alright, and the man then would say, I Say that again. I would ask them. 444: I'd have to have the woman of the house or like the boss. Have to ask the boss. Interviewer: Uh. A woman whose husband is dead is a what? 444: Widow. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. And if he if he just left her, she'd be a 444: Divorcer. Interviewer: Uh, what other kind? 444: Oh. {X} {D: Would have been a quitter.} Interviewer: Uh. A boy who has had a chance at a job might want to go home and talk it over with his what? 444: Father. {NS} Interviewer: Uh, what do you um What do you call your father? 444: Daddy. Papa. Interviewer: Alright, what terms did older people used to use? Do you know? 444: They used to use papa more. Interviewer: Alright, anything else? 444: Poppy. Interviewer: Anything else? 444: Pa. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. What terms do younger people use now? 444: Pop. Interviewer: Uh. And his wife is called your what? 444: Mother. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 444: #2 Mom. # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: Other names you'd use. Uh. {NS} 444: Mama. Ma. Interviewer: Uh. Your father and mother together are called your what? 444: Mom and dad. Interviewer: #1 Well, they're both # 444: #2 Mother and father. # Interviewer: Yeah, they're called what, though? 444: Parents. Interviewer: Uh, did you know your grandparents? 444: Right. Uh. Interviewer: What did you call your grandfather? 444: I call him grandpa. Grandma. Interviewer: Uh. What uh other names do young people use? 444: Like paw-paw or. Pop or. Interviewer: Alright. What did you call your grandmother? 444: Grandma. Interviewer: Anything else? What would other old names other older people might use? 444: Granny. Interviewer: What do you think uh Young people use now? For grandmother. 444: {NW} I still think I'd go back like the olden time and I'd uh call them granny more of that. Interviewer: Uh. What does your child call your mother? 444: Grandma. Interviewer: Uh. I was the youngest of five What? What would you say? 444: Children. Interviewer: Uh. Any names people use instead of children that you can think of? 444: Child. Brat. Interviewer: What about uh 444: Kids. Chap. Interviewer: Okay. A name uh a child's known by just But just in the family. 444: {NW} A nickname. Interviewer: Alright, what's another name for that? 444: Given name or Interviewer: Well, if it's another name uh Other than uh their real name, what would you call it? 444: Uh, I'd call it {X} The nickname or the something like that. Interviewer: Yeah, a nickname or a what? 444: Pet name. Interviewer: Something on wheels you can buy, put a baby in, and it'll lie down. 444: A stroller or a baby bed. Interviewer: Oh, that you can push. 444: Oh uh. It'll be a a stroller or Interviewer: Or a baby what? 444: Baby. Carriage. Interviewer: Put the baby in the carriage, and go out and What it? What do you do with the carriage? You what? 444: Push it. Interviewer: Alright, and what is it doing? I mean you'd Be doing something else. What would you call it? 444: Carrying up or riding a baby. Or wheeling a baby. Interviewer: Uh. Well, how would you say your children range in age? You'd say {D: Sadie is} Uh my Children. 444: Is the oldest. Interviewer: Uh. Uh, let's see. A boy of twenty in comparison with a brother brother's at fourteen and sixteen is the what? 444: He's uh #1 Like he's a man of the family. He's the oldest one of the family. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Oldest one. Alright, besides the oldest you might speak of them in terms Of being what? 444: The eldest. Interviewer: Or what else? If if one is the oldest, you'd say he is what? 444: {NW} He grown up. Interviewer: Alright, Betty is our youngest what? 444: Daughter. Interviewer: Uh, in fact, she's still a little 444: A baby or child, girl. Interviewer: Uh. If a woman's about to have a baby, you say she's 444: Pregnant. Interviewer: Or any other terms you've heard? 444: Expecting. Interviewer: What else? 444: Mm. Interviewer: Um. If you don't have a doctor deliver a baby, the woman you might send for is a what? 444: Uh. Midwife. Interviewer: Alright, what do you think your uh grandmother or granddaddy would call 'em? Uh beside besides midwife. 444: {X} Granny lady. Granny. Interviewer: If a boy has the same color hair and eyes as your father and the same shaped nose, you say he's He what? 444: Just like his father identical only had his father's nose or what Interviewer: Alright, and off if he's another word for similar you or looks he uh what? Still saying he looks like his father he 444: He uh Just like uh just like his father mm he. Interviewer: Alright, you ought to uh take Aunt Jane's advice about your children. She's If she's taken care of or had ten of her own, what would you say she had done? 444: She had took good care of her own. Interviewer: Alright, and what else? Besides taken care of 'em, you'd say what? 444: She uh raised 'em. Raised ten of her own. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. To a child who's misbehaved, you say If you do that again, I'm going to give you a good 444: Whipping. Interviewer: Alright, what other words can you think of? 444: Beating licking, strapping {NS} Interviewer: Um. If Bob is five inches taller this year, you say Bob Uh, did what a lot in one year? 444: He grow. Interviewer: Um. If Bob is five inches taller this year, you say Bob Uh, did what a lot in one year? 444: He grow. Interviewer: #1 Alright, and you say to him, You certainly have what big # 444: #2 Little taller. # Grow, grown. Interviewer: Uh. A child that's born to an unmarried woman is a what? 444: Uh. Bastard. Bastard. Interviewer: Alright, any names that you have heard used for other groups? Can you think of any other names Other than that? Jane is a loving child, but Peggy is a lot 444: Sweeter, better. Interviewer: Alright, uh Jane is a loving child, but Peggy is a lot 444: {X} Interviewer: Alright, your brother's son is called your What's your brother's son called? 444: Uh. Interviewer: To you. 444: Nephew. Interviewer: Uh. If a child has lost both parents, it's 444: Orphan. Interviewer: Alright, suppose it's been put in institution, it's 444: Orphan home. Interviewer: Uh, a person to put a look after an orphan is its What? Person that's willing to take care of the Child. The orphan child. 444: Is a Government. Guardian. Interviewer: Uh. If you have a lot of cousins, nephews, and nieces around, Excuse me. You say, The town is full of my 444: Kin people. Interviewer: Alright, can you think of any other names? 444: {NW} Nieces and nephews. Interviewer: Alright, what would you use the same uh what word would you use for your parents and grandparents? 444: Mom and dad, my parents. Interviewer: Well, you said kin people a while ago. What else would you use? 444: Cousins. Interviewer: Well, the whole what how would you what would you say what would we use for your parents and grandparents? Tell other people about 'em. 444: #1 Family. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Alright, or what else? 444: Daddy and mama. Interviewer: What about the people living in your house? Would you call them the same? Now, I think I confused you there. Uh. You'd say, "Yes, she has the same family name and does look a bit like me, but I'm actually What? If you If she's not part of your family, you'd say, "No, I'm no" what? 444: No kin to 'em. Interviewer: Uh, someone who comes into town And no one has ever seen him before. He's a what? 444: A stranger. {NS} Interviewer: Uh, the name of the mother of uh Jesus. You know that? Who was said to be the mother of Jesus? 444: Mary. Interviewer: Uh. Do you know uh Remember George Washington's wife? Uh. In the song Wait Til the Sun Shines what? You know that? Wait Til the Sun Shines? Starts with a N. 444: {NW} Nellie. Interviewer: Uh. Nickname for a little boy named William. What would it be? Starts with a B. 444: Billy. Interviewer: Uh. Uh, Will is nickname for what? Can you? #1 What would be the full name? # 444: #2 Williams. # William. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. The book with the Sermon on the Mount. The start it's first. Uh. Book of the New Testament. What's the first book of the New Testament of the Bible? Starts with a M. 444: Matthew. Interviewer: Uh, a woman who conducts school is a what? 444: Teacher. Interviewer: Alright, what else might you call her? Or an old, any old-fashioned terms you might know of? Aux: Old maid. Interviewer: What would you call? 444: Old-fashioned. Interviewer: Uh. 444: A woman teaching. Interviewer: Have you heard of any more? 444: School miss or school madam. Interviewer: Uh. Uh. A preacher that's not really trained doesn't have a regular pulpit. He preaches on Sunday here and there and makes his living doing something else. If he isn't very good at preaching, you'd call him a What kind of preacher? 444: One of those {X} Preachers. Interviewer: What else have you heard of? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. Your mother or father introduces you to His uh Brother and sister and says, This is What? If your mother uh introduces you to to her sister, I'll say She says, This is 444: My son or my sister. Interviewer: No, your mother. #1 Introduces you to her sister, and she says, This is # 444: #2 This is uh # Your Auntie Your Auntie Interviewer: And this is, if it Father uh If she introduces you to your brother To her brother. 444: This is your uncle. Interviewer: Uh. Uh. This uh {NW} Do you happen to know the wife of Abraham? It's a girl's name beginning with an S. And Sally's a nickname for it. Uh. If your father had a brother by that name, you'd call him Or say your family name was Williams, and your Father had a brother by that name, you'd call him what? 444: What would be Will? Interviewer: Well, you'd call him what? Call your father's brother. 444: {NW} Interviewer: And your last name is Williams. Or his name is Williams. 444: Uncle William. Interviewer: Alright, or ever what his name was. You'd say uncle something. Uh, the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia was 444: General Lee. Interviewer: Uh. The old general who introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken. 444: Colonels. Colonel Sanders. Interviewer: Uh, what do they call the man in charge of a ship? 444: The captain. Interviewer: Right, did you uh Use that cap. Uh. That title in other situations? Or do you? 444: Well, like uh the boss man uh We call him captain. Like who we be working for. Interviewer: Right, the man who presides over the county court. How do you address him? 444: The judge. Interviewer: Uh. A boy or a girl in school. In school is a What? 444: Student. Interviewer: Uh. What about in college? Would you call them the same? Or high school? 444: Well. Interviewer: What about grade school? Can you think of a name hat you'd use other than student for grade school? An elementary school. 444: Uh. Pupil. Interviewer: {NW} A man a woman in the office who handles the boss's mail. Schedules his appointments so forth is his what? 444: Secretary. Interviewer: Uh, a woman who appears in plays or movies is 444: Actor. Interviewer: Uh. When you're thinking about the problems other counties countries have, you're glad you're 444: An American. Interviewer: Uh. 444: Uh. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Uh. What would you call uh white people who aren't well off and haven't had a good chance at education in life? Especially those that are good-for-nothing, too lazy to work, so forth. Uh, what would you call them? 444: Mm. They'd be um That uh low-class people to Interviewer: #1 You call 'em what kind of white? # 444: #2 {X} # {NW} {X} Trash. Or. It'd be like poor white folks and Poor colored folks are. Interviewer: Alright, uh What do you think uh what would uh what do negroes call them? 444: {NW} Interviewer: The the uh the white people I was telling you about are that 444: {X} {X} They'd calling us poor people or maybe some of 'em might will say poor trash or here out here you know like Poor or poor crackers or something like that that's different name for some people would use Interviewer: That's what I was interested in, what you had heard of. 444: Right. Interviewer: Uh. Somebody who lives out in the country, doesn't know anything about town ways is Conspicuous when he goes to gets to town. And uh or he's very noticeable. Uh. You might say, I don't know anything about city ways. I'm just an old What? 444: I'm just an old black man or Negro, something like that. Interviewer: Well, what other term might you use? 444: Oh, uh. Interviewer: What would they what do we uh uh people from Tennessee up in there usually Uh. Called? They live out in mountains in the woods and so forth. I mean uh Country. 444: {X} Hillbilly. Interviewer: Um. 444: #1 Had you ever been there? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 444: You ever been there? Well, I know you been {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 444: Would you ever see that they always told me when I was a little boy, Daddy said it was a sign set up there. It said uh Said, Nigger, read and run. If you can't read, run anyway. You ever seen that? Interviewer: No, I've heard of it, though. 444: {NW} Interviewer: And I lived there now two years and never did uh 444: {X} Have it ever been a colored man Negroes living in {D: Hackleburg?} Interviewer: I don't think so, tell you the truth. But uh. 444: {X} Preacher come through there one time and he stopped by there and he asked 'em, What did uh Colored folks hang around at And so they told him for the last people hung out there in that big old tree. And asked 'em why, they said, We're going to catch a bus. He said, Yes. We ask 'em what time did the bus leave. Say one just left about ten minutes ago and so one will be here in In a hour. Said, Are you gonna catch that one? He said, No, I'm going catch that, and just {D: Laughed.} Interviewer: {NW} I tell you. I I don't uh We got some. Peculiar. Areas around here I think. But I had heard that. 444: They say they got old Interviewer: I think it's true. I don't know. 444: They seem to have open season up all year round. Interviewer: I hope it's not true, but Uh. Have you been to {D: Hackleburg?} 444: Yeah, I been through there. Interviewer: You just went through? 444: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Um. Were you on that bus that went through? 444: {NW} Interviewer: At a party, you look at your watch and see it's eleven thirty or so You'd say, uh, We better be getting home. It's 444: Getting late. Interviewer: Or it's uh it's what midnight? 444: It about midnight. Almost midnight. Interviewer: Uh. You slip and catch yourself. You say, This is a dangerous place. I What fell? #1 You slip and catch yourself # 444: #2 Almost # Almost fell. Interviewer: Uh. If someone's waiting for you to get ready so that you can get go out with them and calls to you, Hey, will you be ready soon? You might answer, I'll be with you in 444: Just a minute. Interviewer: Uh. You know you're on the right road but aren't sure of the distance. You ask somebody, "How Blank is it to Jackson or somewhere? 444: How far is it to Jackson? Interviewer: If you're pointing out something nearby, you say. If you're pointing out something nearby, you say, 444: That's it. Uh. Say uh, Look there, and then. Interviewer: Okay. If you want to know uh. How many times, you say, How blank did you go to town? 444: How often or how many time? Interviewer: Uh, you agree with a friend when he says, I'm not going to do that, or I'm not going to vote for that guy. You say, 444: Um, I ain't either. I'm not either. Interviewer: Uh. Uh, what do you call this Part up here? 444: Forehead. Interviewer: Uh. Go to the barber and uh have your And uh have him cut your what? 444: Hair. Interviewer: Alright, if you haven't shaved in a week or so, you're probably growing a what? 444: A beard. Interviewer: Uh, where did the old-time shop storekeeper keep his pencil when we wasn't using it? #1 So it'd always be handy. # 444: #2 Behind. # Behind his ear. Interviewer: Alright, what if it was uh What would be this ear? Uh. That ear. 444: Mm. Left, left ear. Right ear. Interviewer: If someone's mumbling, you say, Take that {X} Out of your 444: Mouth. Interviewer: He got a chicken bone stuck in his 444: Throat. Interviewer: Alright, you Alright, you wear uh a tie around your what? 444: Neck. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call your Adam's apple? Sometime. 444: The it'd be a goozle it uh. Interviewer: You have a dentist look at your What? 444: Teeth. Interviewer: Alright, he says he needs to fill that He's just talking about one. He needs to fill that what? 444: Tooth. The dentist says, You're taking pretty good care of your teeth, but you better pay more attention to your What? Interviewer: {NW} What's it kind of like? 444: The uh high tooth. Interviewer: #1 No. # 444: #2 Or. # Your gums. Interviewer: Uh. You could hold that baby bird in the What of your hand? 444: Palm. Interviewer: What's it kind of like? 444: The uh high tooth. Interviewer: #1 No. # 444: #2 Or. # Your gums. Interviewer: Uh. You could hold that baby bird in the What of your hand? 444: Palm. Interviewer: Uh, he got mad and doubled up his uh up both. 444: Fist. Interviewer: People get old and complain they're getting stiff in their What? 444: Bones. {NW} Joints. Interviewer: Uh, the upper part of a man's body is his what? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What's the upper part of a man's body? 444: Oh, got the the chest and shoulders. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Alright, you said uh he you'd say then if a man has got broad what? Another part. 444: Shoulders. Interviewer: Uh, they measure the height of a horse in What do you use to measure the height of a horse? What's this? Would you measure what how? 444: Uh. Interviewer: The height. What's this? 444: The hand. Interviewer: Alright. And what what would be both of these called? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What's both of 'em called? 444: Hands. Interviewer: Uh. The pain ran from his heel all the way up his What? From your heel up through his 444: {NW} Neck, head. Interviewer: #1 No, from your heel. Then what else? # 444: #2 Oh, the leg. # Interviewer: Alright, leg. At the end of your leg is your At the end of your leg. Where's your heel? It's In your what? What do you stand on? 444: Yeah, on uh your foot. Interviewer: Alright. And, well both of them is what? 444: Feet. Interviewer: I stumbled over a box in the dark and bruised my. The front of your leg. What do we call the front of your leg? 444: The shin. Interviewer: Uh. The back part of thighs, especially midway between knee and buttocks is called what? You're squatting down on your What do you call that? You hunker down, and you say You're squatted down on your what? 444: {X} Interviewer: Yeah, you're squatting down. What do you call that? You know another name for it? Uh. Someone's been sick a while. He's up and about now but still looks a bit 444: Peaky. Interviewer: How would you uh say he felt? 444: Probably weak. Interviewer: Anything else? Any other expressions you can think of? 444: Look a little sickly. Interviewer: Yeah. What else? 444: {D: Poor.} Interviewer: {NW} What about puny? 444: Yeah, puny and sickly. {NW} Interviewer: Uh. He is big and What's another word for stout? 444: Strong. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Some person who always has a smile on his face and never loses his temper. You say, He's mighty 444: Healthy. Interviewer: Alright, what else? He's easy to get along with. You'd say he's what? 444: He uh Pleasant and likable. Interviewer: Alright. Somebody like a teenager who's all arms and legs and always stumbling over his feet, you'd say he's mighty what? 444: Clumsy. Interviewer: Well, what else? Okay, a person who keeps on doing things that Don't make any sense, you say he is a plain What? 444: Crazy. Interviewer: Alright, what's another word for crazy? 444: Mm. Foolish. Interviewer: Alright, what's just plain {X} 444: Just {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh, a person who has plenty of money and hangs onto it is a what? What would you call a person like that? 444: Stingy. Interviewer: Alright, what else might you call it? Hmm? 444: I don't know, just call him selfish and stingy. Interviewer: {X} 444: Tight wad. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. When you use the word common about a person, what does it mean? Or if you said, That girl is very common, what would you mean? 444: Mean she was a Plain. Interviewer: Uh. An old person, say about eighty, who does his farm work, Uh. His his farm work And doesn't get tired, you say, I don't care how old he Is, he's Mighty what? If he's able to do it all his work and everything, you'd say he's what? He's mighty what? 444: {X} Interviewer: What would you say if your grandmother say was eighty years old. She might be and uh she still could did all of her work, you'd say she's what? Mighty what? Uh, this term that she might use for 444: It'll be lively or Interviewer: Alright. And uh. Can you think of any other term you might use? 444: Lively or peppy or something like that. Interviewer: The children are out later than usual. You say I don't suppose there's anything wrong but I can't kept feeling a little what? 444: Worried or uneasy. Interviewer: I don't want to go upstairs in the dark. I'm If you 444: Scared. Interviewer: Or what else? 444: Afraid. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. She isn't afraid now, but she What? If if the person's not now, you you'd say but she's 444: Will be. Interviewer: No, she's she Was but she's not now. You'd say she 444: She's not scared now or She got frightened. Interviewer: Uh. Can you think of anything else or 444: She used to be scared, but she wasn't Interviewer: Uh. Somebody leaves a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked. You'd say he's mighty What? 444: {D: Careless} Interviewer: Uh, there's nothing really wrong with it uh Liza, but sometimes she acts kind of what? 444: {NW} Interviewer: You might say she acts kind of funny or what else? 444: Queer. Interviewer: Uh. If um um somebody makes up his mind and nothing can make him change it, he's mighty what? If he can't make his mind up and or if he makes his mind up, and then he won't change it, what do you call a person like that? You say he's mighty what? 444: He's Selfish or Stubborn. Interviewer: Uh. What's another word you can think of for stubborn be? That's used a lot. 444: He'll be hardheaded or bullheaded or something like that. Interviewer: {NW} You know of anyone that's hardheaded or bullheaded? 444: {NW} Interviewer: Somebody you can't joke with without him losing his temper, you say he uh you say is mighty what? 444: High-tempered or Interviewer: Well, if he's high-tempered, then you say well he's Uh, he's afraid to {X} Much, you say he's what? If he's easy to fire off a temper, you say he's what? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh, I was just Kidding him. I didn't know he he'd get What? 444: Get mad. Interviewer: Alright, he's uh bad-tempered all the time. He's what? When you get mad at something, you're what? 444: Angry. Interviewer: Uh. Somebody about to lose his temper, you tell him, Just What? 444: Uh, be cool. Interviewer: Uh. If you have been working very hard, you'd say you are very 444: {D: Tired and} Worn out. Interviewer: Alright, if you are very, very tired, you say you're all What? 444: It's all wore out. {NS} Interviewer: Uh. I'm completely What? 444: Completely wore out. Interviewer: Uh. He came home early from school. Uh, or work. Whatever. Because he What? Alright, you say, He was looking fine yesterday, and Uh. You find out he's in the hospital, and you say {D: Where was it he} What? What happens to you when you're at the hospital? 444: Sick or Interviewer: Alright, you'd say he's what then? 444: He got sick or taken sick {D: or looked sick.} Interviewer: Okay, we'll get there Uh. When? Say he is sick now, but he will be well again When he's what? 444: {D: Someday or by and by.} Interviewer: Alright. Somebody got overheated and chilled, and his eyes and nose started running. You say he's What? He got overchilled and uh overheated and chilled, and his eyes and nose started running. What do you say a person has? You say he 444: Uh cold or Interviewer: Uh. If I say He sounds kind of what? 444: Hoarse. Interviewer: Uh. {NW} I've got {NW} What? Little what? 444: Cough. Interviewer: {NW} Alright, I'd better go to bed. I feel a little. What? 444: Sleepy. Interviewer: And what else? 444: Tired, I guess. Interviewer: What else? 444: Dull, dry, dozy. Interviewer: Alright, if you're dozing, then you'd be what? You feel what? 444: A little drowsy. Interviewer: Uh. At six oh clock, I'll What? 444: Be awake. Interviewer: Uh. He's still sleeping. Better go What? 444: Wake him. Interviewer: Uh. If the medicine is still by the patient's bedside, you ask, What haven't you your medicine? 444: Why haven't you took the medicine? Interviewer: Uh. Somebody who can't hear well is getting a little 444: Deaf. Interviewer: Uh. You've been working hard, and you take your wet shirt off, and say, Look how I 444: Sweating. Interviewer: A lump on your arm with a big {D: Point} In it is what? And uh you have to sometimes {D: Glance at it.} Well, what you call it? 444: Rising kernel or rising Interviewer: No. What else can you think of? It oozes it out. The sore. What else would might you call it? 444: A mole. Interviewer: Uh. When a bog opens, The stuff that drains out is what? 444: Mm. It Corruption. Interviewer: Alright, what else could you call it? 444: Pus. Interviewer: A bee stung me, and my hand What? What happens when a bee stings? 444: Swell up. Interviewer: Alright. It's still pretty badly what? 444: Swollen. Interviewer: When you get a blister, the liquid that forms under the skin is What that liquid that form under the skin from a blister? 444: Water. Interviewer: Somebody got shot or stabbed and you'd say you get you got a doctor to look at the 444: Wound. Interviewer: Well, if wound doesn't heal clean, a white Granular substance might form around the edge. Sometimes it has to be cut out or burned out with {X} It's What? It's some kind of what? 444: It's a The uh. Uh. Interviewer: You ever heard of it? You heard of {D: Pride flesh?} Uh. If you get just a little cut in your finger, what do you put on it to avoid infection? 444: A little iodine or. Interviewer: Uh. It used to be given sometimes in its tonic for malaria. Or you might know of it as white bitter powder in capsules that used to take that To take for a cold. 444: {D: Quinine} Interviewer: Uh, the doctor said that everything he could, but he Anyway. When he's not {X} The doctor said everything he he. The doctor did everything he could, but he 444: Died. Interviewer: Alright, she's been living all alone ever since her husband 444: Died. Interviewer: Um. I'm glad that old skin flint finally What? 444: Or kicked uh kicked the bucket. Interviewer: Or what else? 444: #1 Passed on. Passed out. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh. He's been dead a week, and nobody nobody's yet figured out what he What? What would they say? 444: Well, he uh died off. Interviewer: Uh, they leave him away in the Where? What do we call where we put {NW} Bury someone. 444: In the graveyard or cemetery. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh. The box that people are buried in. What's the name of the box that people are buried in? 444: A casket. Interviewer: Any other name you know of? 444: Coffin. Interviewer: Uh. He was an important man. Everyone turned out for his what? 444: Funeral. Interviewer: Uh. Alright, if uh. If people are dressed in black, you say they are in what? 444: Uniform. Interviewer: No, after someone's died, and they say they're dressed in black, You say they are in what? What do you you call someone that is in grief or someone after they've died, you say they are in what? 444: Wait, mourning. Interviewer: Uh. Somebody ask you at the end of the day, How how are you feeling? You'd say What? 444: I feel okay. Alright. Interviewer: Alright, or if someone say, How are you? you'd say what? 444: Alright. Mm. Interviewer: Alright, if I should say, How are you? 444: I'd say, Fine. Interviewer: Or You're feeling what? 444: Better. Okay. Interviewer: The children are out late, and your wife's getting getting a bit excited, you say, They'll be home alright. Just don't 444: Worry. Interviewer: Uh, you're getting old, and your joints are stiff and aching. You say you've got a touch of what? 444: Uh. Arthritis or Rheumatism. Interviewer: Um. A disease that you that you that you hardly ever hear of now because they give shots for it. It used to kill lots of children. They'd choke to death. 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh, when your skin and eyeballs turn yellow, you're getting what? 444: {D: Mm. Yellowed out.} Interviewer: Uh. You have a pain down here. Uh. And you have to have an operation. What is that? It's what? 444: It'd be uh Cramps or. Interviewer: No, what what do you have to have operation for when your side is starts hurting. 444: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Um. Do you know what people called it before they knew it was appendicitis uh appendix and when people used to usually died of it? You never heard any of that? When you eat and drink things that don't agree with you, and they come up, you say you what? 444: Vomit. Interviewer: Um. If somebody's pretty bad this way, you might say he was leaning over the fence on something and What? 444: Don't really know what it's called. Puking. Interviewer: At a party, it's pretty warm, so what do you say? I better get some fresh air. I'm beginning to feel a little Sick. What else? 444: {X} Interviewer: If you're hot and everything. You feel like you're going to be sick, you say, Uh. 444: Get sick in my stomach. Interviewer: She'd hardly got the news when she came right over. For what? 444: {X} Interviewer: Or someone heard something and they're going and can't wait to go next door to do what? The neighbor. 444: Well, Call or tell them about it. Interviewer: Alright. Uh, if he doesn't come, I What disappointed? 444: I would be disappointed. Interviewer: Alright, what else would you say that I will do? I 444: I shall be. Interviewer: Anytime you can come over, we Will Will blank to see you. 444: Be glad. Interviewer: Um. If you do that again, I'll What you? Say a child is misbehaving. What would you say? If you do that again, I'll 444: Slap you or whip you. Interviewer: Um. If a boy keeps going over the the same girl's house, you;d say he's What? 444: {X} Or dating her. Interviewer: Alright, what else? 444: #1 He likes her. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Hmm? 444: He likes her. He Courting her. Interviewer: Alright, what would be some Uh, if they're getting very serious, what would you call it? 444: They'd be engaged or Interviewer: Alright, what else or how else would you call it? 444: {NW} In love with one another or Interviewer: Alright, and what kind of dating would that be? What would you call it? 444: Hmm growing steady. Heavy dating. Interviewer: {NW} And what other word can you think of you say that uh someone loves someone, you'd say Probably he was what on her? 444: Kind of sweet on her. Interviewer: Okay. A girl's putting on her best dress and so on. Her little brother says, She's fixing up for her 444: Boyfriend. Interviewer: Alright, what other names can you think of? 444: Sweetheart. Interviewer: Uh. He's going to see his What? He's going on a date. He's going to see his what? 444: His girl. Interviewer: Alright, can you think of other names? 444: His sweetheart or honey or Interviewer: Alright, and you said a while ago if they got engaged what would they they'd be going what? 444: Dating. Interviewer: Well, they're dating. Regularly. What would you call that? They're going what? 444: Steady. Interviewer: Uh. A boy comes home with lipstick on his collar. His little brother says, You've been What? 444: You been kissing. Interviewer: What other word? What other? 444: Been necking or. Interviewer: What some old-fashioned terms could you think of? Mm. Smooching or What what word your grandmother would say? 444: {D: Been spooning or something else.} Interviewer: Uh, when a girl stops letting the boy come over to see her, you say she's What? If she told him 444: Quitting him. Interviewer: Alright, he ask him to marry her, but she 444: Refuses. Interviewer: Uh. What else? She won't. Well, if she had said no, that would mean she what him? 444: Quit or. Interviewer: It'd be a what? 444: Turned him down. Interviewer: Alright, what else might you say? She did what to him? 444: #1 She broke off with him. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} Uh. They're just uh. What after someone's been going together? What would you say? They're just what? If they're engaged, and then they finally reach the You say they're what? 444: They uh Interviewer: Alright, did you finally tell me what what happen if uh after they had been going together a long time? And they you say they finally what? 444: Broke up. Interviewer: No, they finally finally 444: Got married. Interviewer: Alright, can you think of any funny or ways that you'd say they got married instead of married? 444: They got hitched. Interviewer: Um. What is the man called that stands up with the groom? At a wedding. 444: Best man. Interviewer: Alright, what's the uh girl that stands up with the bride called? 444: Mm. That's uh Interviewer: Uh. Alright, we'll say that uh. If uh someone is living with uh You say he lives He lives {D: With a brown} You'd say he lives Where? Grounds. 444: He lives with Interviewer: Or he lives. 444: Over up by them. Up. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. We said a while ago that uh If. Uh. Several people are together. What would you call them? The what? 444: Whole group. Interviewer: Alright. Um. What kind of uh Uh. Various kinds can you think of that Uh. That two people what do you call when two people when music what do you call them doing? 444: Well, they'll be dancing. Interviewer: Alright. What different kinds of dances Do you know of? What are they called? 444: The square dance, the hoe hoedown, and Ballroom dance and black bottom. {X} Break down. Interviewer: Alright uh. We say four oh clock is the time when school what? 444: Lets out. Interviewer: Uh, the day after Labor Day is when school what? 444: Starts or begins. Interviewer: Alright, a boy left home to go to school and didn't show. He what? 444: He played hooky. Interviewer: Alright, it's the kind of uh school where almost anyone can get a good what? 444: Education. Interviewer: {NW} After high school, you go on to what? 444: College. Interviewer: After kindergarten, A child goes into what? 444: First grade. Interviewer: Alright, somebody left a note on my What? 444: Desk. Interviewer: And they're Serving you what? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. Where do you get a book in school building? 444: Library. Library. Interviewer: Alright, you've got a package Where? 444: Post office. Interviewer: And you stay overnight in a strange town at a 444: Hotel. Interviewer: And you see a play at the what? 444: Theater. Interviewer: And where do you go for an operation? 444: Hospital. Interviewer: And a woman takes care of you there. What is she called? 444: A nurse. Interviewer: And uh you catch a train at the 444: Depot. Interviewer: Um. The place in the center of town around the court house. Do you know what that's called? Alright, if you um If there's a vacant lot at the car, and you go across it instead of around it on the sidewalk, you're what? 444: That walking across there. Street walk about across the way. Interviewer: Alright, if you but at the intersection it's called what or street intersection? 444: It's jay walking. Interviewer: Uh. {NW} Vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire overhead. 444: {NW} Street cars. Trolley car. Interviewer: Alright, you tell a bus driver the next one is where I want. 444: Off. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} Uh. This is a Place that is called a uh Oh. Well, let's say uh Here in uh Well, lets say Marion County Uh. What is the uh Uh. And {X} Is the what? 444: The uh county seat. Interviewer: Uh, if you're an F-B-I agent, you're working for the Federal what? 444: Government. Interviewer: A political candidate who wants the police to get tougher says he's for 444: {NW} Interviewer: A political candidate who wants the police to get tougher says he's for what? 444: {NW} Law. {NW} Interviewer: Law and what? 444: Law enforcement. Interviewer: Or law and what? What goes on with law? 444: And order. Interviewer: Uh, the war in eighteen sixty-five, sixty-one, sixty-five we call the what? 444: Civil War. Interviewer: Uh. Before they had the electric chair, murderers were What? 444: Hung. Interviewer: Alright, the man went out and did what to himself? 444: Hanged himself. Interviewer: Uh. Albany is the capital of It's a big state. What do you call that? 444: {NW} Interviewer: Albany. What big state up East do we call? Big state. Got the what is the Empire State Building. 444: New York. Interviewer: Alright, the biggest city in this country is in Where? 444: New York. Interviewer: Alright where uh Baltimore is in where? 444: Maryland. Interviewer: Uh, Richmond is the capital of 444: Virginia. Interviewer: And Raleigh is the capital of where? 444: North Carolina. Interviewer: Alright, uh. Columbia is the capital of 444: South Carolina. Interviewer: And Sherman marched across Where? What state did he march across? What's over next to Alabama over in the 444: Georgia. Interviewer: East. Okay. Uh, Tallahassee is the capital of 444: Florida. Interviewer: And George Wallace is governor of 444: Alabama. Interviewer: Uh, Baton Rouge is the capital of 444: Louisiana. Interviewer: And the bluegrass state is what? 444: Kentucky. Interviewer: Uh, the volunteer state is What do we call the volunteer state? 444: Tennessee. Interviewer: Alright, and then the show me state is what? 444: Missouri. Interviewer: #1 Uh have you heard people say you got show me? # 444: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: Uh, Little Rock is the capital of 444: Arkansas. Interviewer: And Jackson is the capital of? 444: Mississippi. Interviewer: Uh, did anybody ever tell you the little song about how to Spell Mississippi? You ever heard that? M-I-Double S-I-Double S 444: Yeah, I have Interviewer: Uh, the lone star state is 444: {X} Interviewer: No, where is the lone star state? 444: Texas. Interviewer: That's right. And Tulsa is where? 444: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Boston is in 444: Massachusetts. Interviewer: The states from Maine to Connecticut are the What do we call them? 444: The New England. New England state. Interviewer: Alright, the biggest city in Maryland is 444: Baltimore. Interviewer: The capital of the U-S-A is 444: Washington, D-C Interviewer: The biggest city in Missouri Which is famous food named for it is called what? 444: Saint Louis Interviewer: The biggest city in Maryland is 444: Baltimore. Interviewer: The capital of the U-S-A is 444: Washington D-C Interviewer: The biggest city in Missouri Which is famous foods named for it is called what? 444: St Louis. Interviewer: Uh, the old, historical seaport in South Carolina 444: Charleston. Interviewer: Uh, the big steel-making town in Alabama. 444: Birmingham. Interviewer: The big city in Illinois where Al Capone once ran the rackets. 444: Chicago. Interviewer: The capital of Alabama. 444: Montgomery. Interviewer: And uh. What uh what big city can you think of in Alabama? 444: Mm. Mobile. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} The resort city in the Western part the of North Carolina. What about the biggest city in east Tennessee? 444: Mm. be uh. Knoxville. {NW} Interviewer: Uh. The one that will soon be bigger. 444: Mm. Probably Chattanooga. Interviewer: Uh, the big city in west Tennessee where the blues started, where beagle uh beetle belle. 444: Memphis. Interviewer: There is is. And where was Martin Luther King killed? 444: {NW} Memphis. Interviewer: Alright, where where's the capital of Tennessee? What is the capital of Tennessee? 444: {NW} Interviewer: Capital of Tennessee. 444: Nashville. Interviewer: The capital and largest city in Georgia is. 444: Atlanta. Interviewer: And the biggest seaport in Georgia. 444: Savannah. Interviewer: Uh, the biggest city in South Care uh South Georgia. Southern Georgia. 444: Uh. Macon. Interviewer: Uh. Fort Benning is near what town in Georgia? 444: Columbia. Columbus. Interviewer: Uh. The biggest city in Louisiana. 444: New Orleans. Interviewer: And of course it's known for the what? Have you ever been there during the season? What what are they famous for? 444: Mardi what. Well, they have the Mardi Gras. Interviewer: Yeah. And uh, the capital of Louisiana. 444: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Have you ever been down there during the Mardi Gras season? 444: No, I been there but I been to uh Baton Rouge several time. I have a sister-in-law stay in Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Uh. I've never been to the Mardi Gras. {NW} It's the big state. Where do we call that? Albany. What big state up East do we call? Big state. Got the what is the Empire State Building. 444: New York. Interviewer: Alright, the biggest city in this country is in. Where? 444: New York. Interviewer: Alright, where uh Baltimore is in where? 444: Maryland. Interviewer: Uh, Richmond is the capital of 444: Virginia. Interviewer: And Raleigh is the capital of where? 444: North Carolina. Interviewer: Alright, uh. Columbia is the capital of 444: South Carolina. Interviewer: And Sherman marched across Where? What state did he march across? What's over next to Alabama over in the 444: #1 Georgia. # Interviewer: #2 East. Okay. # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh, Tallahassee is the capital of 444: Florida. Interviewer: And George Wallace is governor of 444: Alabama. Interviewer: Uh, Baton Rouge is the capital of 444: Louisiana. Interviewer: And the bluegrass state is what? 444: Kentucky. Interviewer: Uh, the volunteer state is What do we call the volunteer state? 444: Tennessee. Interviewer: Alright, and the show me state is what? 444: Missouri. Interviewer: #1 Uh, have you heard people say you got show me over there? # 444: #2 Show me. # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: Uh, Little Rock is the capital of 444: Arkansas. Interviewer: And Jackson is the capital of 444: Mississippi. Interviewer: Uh, did anybody ever tell you the little song about how to Spell Mississippi? Have you ever heard of that? M-I-double S-I-double S 444: Yeah, I had. Interviewer: Uh, the lone star state is 444: Mass a Interviewer: #1 No, where is the lone star state? That's right. # 444: #2 Texas. # Interviewer: And Tulsa is where? 444: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Boston is in 444: Massachusetts. Interviewer: The states from Maine to Connecticut are the What do we call them? 444: Uh. New England. Northern state. Tape repeat: {C: Tape repeats from first two minutes of reel} Interviewer: The biggest city in southern uh Ohio. 444: Connecticut. Interviewer: Uh. What about Cincinnati? Cincinnati, Ohio. 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh, where the reds and uh uh Let's see where Oh, where is the biggest city in Kentucky? What is the biggest city in Kentucky? 444: Louisville it might Louisville. Interviewer: Alright. Um. From uh. Say uh. Hamilton to uh. Guin is about How far? 444: Ten mile. Interviewer: Uh. If somebody asks you to go with him, and you are not sure what you want to Uh, and you're not sure you want to, you'd say I don't know What? What would you say? I don't know What? I don't know. Alright, somebody ask you to do something, you say, I don't know 444: I might. Oh. Interviewer: Well, I don't know blank. I can or not. 444: I don't know whether I can or not. Uh. {X} Whether if I can. Interviewer: Uh, it seems to me. Um. He won't pull through. What would you say? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. If you want somebody to go with you, you say, I won't go Blank he does. 444: Unless you go. Interviewer: Uh, when you could have. Used help, you might ask afterwards, Why do you sit around? Blank helping me. 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Alright, now he didn't help you with something. You say Why did you sit around # 444: And didn't help me uh. Interviewer: Why do you like him? You'd say I like him Why? I like him. What would you say? 444: I'd Interviewer: If I ask you why you like someone, you say I like him 444: Because. Interviewer: So-and-so. Okay? Uh. Names of uh. What are some names of uh Uh churches that you can think of? 444: {NW} Baptist, Methodist. Church of Christ, Church of Protestant. Interviewer: Alright, when somebody becomes a member, you say he. What? 444: Joined a church. Interviewer: Alright. And Sunday morning, we'll go to Where? 444: Church. Interviewer: Um. In church, you worship 444: God. Interviewer: Alright, when swearing, do you pronounce it in the same way? If you should swear using God's name, would you pronounce it the same way? 444: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: {D: Dark did.} The preacher delivered a fine what? 444: Sermon. Interviewer: Uh, the choir and the organist provided good 444: Music. Interviewer: Uh, the service was What? Choir and the organist provided good 444: Music. Interviewer: Uh, the service was What? 444: Was good. Interviewer: Alright, and the sunset. You might say the sunset was what? 444: Beautiful. Interviewer: Alright, I thought I had time, but I got caught in traffic, and the post office was closed. What? 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Think.} # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # You say church would be over Blank I get there. 444: By time I get there. Interviewer: Alright. Uh, the enemy and opposite of God is called the 444: Devil. Interviewer: Uh. What do people think they see at night to frighten them all in white? What do we call them? Or what might you call them? 444: Ghost. Interviewer: What else can you think of? That you've heard people call. 444: Hank. Interviewer: Alright, what else? 444: Spook. Interviewer: Uh. Say uh if somebody died mysteriously in the house and people were afraid to live there, what kind of house would you call it? 444: A haunt- haunted house. Interviewer: Uh. Better put on a sweater, it's getting what chilly? What would you say? It's getting. What chilly? 444: Kind of chilly. A little chilly. Interviewer: Uh. If you say, "I'll go if you insist, but I'd 444: Rather not. Interviewer: Uh, what do you say to a friend you haven't seen for some time? What would you say? 444: I haven't seen you in a long time, or it's been a long time since I've seen you. Interviewer: Alright, uh. How could you show him you your feelings? 444: Oh, you would Shaking his hand, giving him a handshake or. Interviewer: Alright, he owns five hundred acres. How much land would that be? What would you say it, how much? I don't mean to figure it up in Uh, but you'd say that uh How much that that's A what of land? 444: A whole lot of land. Interviewer: Um. If you want to express agreement stronger Uh or if you want to say something that's stronger, More enthusiastic than yes you say what? Instead you saying yes how could you say more stronger? 444: It sure is or {NS} Interviewer: Uh. Can you really do that? Uh. I mean that is uh a chore. Do you think you can do that? If someone ask you if you can 444: I can. I Interviewer: Um. 444: I'm sure. Interviewer: Uh. If you wanted to be very polite to somebody, would you just say yes? Would you say yes if you want to be very polite to someone? 444: Yeah, I'd say Yes {X} Interviewer: You just say Yes? 444: I'd uh Yes sir Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Alright, who'd you say Yes sir and Yes ma'am to? 444: To all older people. Interviewer: Um. Do you remember any older people doing anything particular? Or out of the ordinary? 444: Well, like um. Interviewer: Any good friend any family or Uh, neighbors. Elderly people that you've seen do anything in particular? Or out of the ordinary? Um. If somebody intentionally disliked to go somewhere, you say he What the place? 444: He uh Interviewer: If he blank dreaded it. 444: He hated to go. Interviewer: Uh. It wasn't just a little cold this morning. It was what? 444: #1 It was real cold. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh. Uh. If you if uh. Say you hit your finger with a hammer and uh Or knocked. Um. Something off with the dog uh grabbed Something off the clothesline everything then what might you say? And you're mad. What what might you say? You're very mad. Say you mashed your finger with a hammer. And you flew off, you say what? What might you say? 444: Mm. Interviewer: You don't ever lose your temper? 444: {X} Interviewer: Um. When uh say you're excited about something. What might you uh exclaim or make known that you are excited? What expression might you use? Alright, what might you say when you're a little peeved at someone? Or at yourself for doing something stupid? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What might you say? 444: {X} Interviewer: Hmm? You say, Shoot? Hmm? 444: I'd say, Shoot, I sure was crazy or something like that. Interviewer: When something shocking is reported, perhaps uh attributed to you, you might show a kind of polite resentment by saying Why the What? 444: Why did it happen? Or the idea it happen. What's the idea of it happening? Interviewer: Alright. When a friend says Good morning what might you ask him in return? 444: How are you? Interviewer: Alright, when you're introduced to a stranger, what might you say? 444: How are you doing? Interviewer: Alright, what might you ask him? What might you ask him? 444: How is he? How are you today? How are you feeling or something like that. Interviewer: Alright, when somebody's leaving like a visit, you might tell him Tell them what? 444: Come again. Interviewer: {NW} Um. How'd you greet somebody about December twenty-fifth? 444: {NW} Oh, it's uh like Christmas gift or Interviewer: Alright, what else? 444: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: {NW} What might you say about January the first? What would you say? 444: Happy New Year. Interviewer: {NW} And what are the other expressions have you heard? 444: #1 New Years, I guess. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Alright. Uh. Any anything you might say by way of appreciation besides thank you, what would you say? I muched #1 Much obliged. # 444: #2 Much obliged, much obliged. # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 444: #2 # Interviewer: Uh. I almost never ask for it when needed uh Let's see, if you're not sure whether you will have time or not, you say I Blank I'll have time. 444: I don't know if I have time. I'm not sure. Interviewer: Alright. I have to go downtown to To do some What? What do you go to town for? 444: #1 Christmas shopping. # Interviewer: #2 You. # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh. You made a purchase. The storekeeper took a piece of paper and Did what? 444: Edit it uh wrote it. Interviewer: Well, when you buy something and and they put paper around, what do you say they do? 444: Wrap it. Interviewer: Uh. When I get home with a package, I what? 444: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: Uh, if the storekeeper sold something for two dollars that he had paid two fifty for, He'd be selling it What? 444: At a loss. Interviewer: Uh, you admire something but don't have enough money to buy it. You say I like it, but it What? 444: Cost too much. Interviewer: Alright. 444: Can't afford it. Interviewer: Time to pay the bill. You say the bill is 444: Due. Interviewer: Uh, if you belong to a club, you have to pay the what? 444: The dues or Interviewer: Uh. If you need to cut the grass and don't have a lawnmower, you go over to a neighbor and And what? Ask to what? 444: #1 {D: Borrow together.} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # When the banker is Refusing a loan, he says money is what? 444: Scarce. Interviewer: Uh. He rode he ran down a springboard and what in the water? What would you say? He what? He ran Down the springboard, the diving board, and he what? 444: Jumped or dived in the water. Interviewer: Alright. Um. Let's say let's say uh Uh, lots of boys what? Off that high board. What would you say? Head first. You'd call it what? 444: You'd dive off the board. Interviewer: Alright. Uh, when you dive in, hit the water flat, you call that a what? You land on your stomach, what do you call it? 444: Belly buster. Interviewer: Uh, that's all I can make. Uh, the children were out on the grass turning what? 444: Somersaults or flips. Interviewer: Alright. Uh, he wanted to get across the river, so he. Dived in and what? 444: Swum across. Interviewer: Uh, when you buy something or pay your bill, Some storekeepers will give you a little present and say it's for What? 444: {X} Interviewer: Someone who got caught in a whirlpool and didn't get out, you'd say he What? Got what? 444: Uh drowned. Interviewer: Uh, what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 444: Crawl. Interviewer: Uh, you saw something up a tree. You wanted to take a closer look at it, so you went over to the tree and How'd you get up the tree? 444: Climbed it. Interviewer: Um. Playing hide and seek, you find yourself near a stump, so you What down? 444: Squat down. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. A little child was saying his prayers. He went over beside his bed And what? 444: And kneeled. Kneeled down. Interviewer: I'm feeling tired. I go over to the couch and what? 444: Rest or Lay down. Interviewer: Uh, all morning he What in bed? 444: #1 Laid in bed. # Interviewer: #2 All. # Uh, talking about something you saw when you were asleep, this is what I 444: Dreamed. Dreamt. Interviewer: Uh. I dreamed I was falling, but just as I was about to hit the floor, I 444: Woke up. Interviewer: Don't {D: sulk} The floor. 444: Don't stomp the floor. Interviewer: Uh. When you see a friend leaving a party alone, you might ask Can I What? 444: Can I go with you or? Interviewer: To get a boat Up on land, you tie a rope to the bow and what? 444: Pull it. Interviewer: When your car was Stuck in the mud Or snow, you'd ask somebody to get his car behind you and give you a what? 444: Push. Interviewer: Uh, you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car, so you picked it up and What? 444: Towed it. Carried it. Interviewer: Um. A child is reaching toward a piece of fine glass you don't want him to have. You'll tell him What? He's reaching for a glass. 444: Don't touch it. Interviewer: Uh, if you need a hammer, you'd say to me What? 444: Hand me the hammer. {X} Give me the hammer or reach me the hammer. Interviewer: Uh. In in a tag game, you have to run and get back to your What? Where is the starting point? What do we call that? 444: Just Standing room. Standing place. Interviewer: No, the thing standing at the end of a football field is the what? 444: {X} Interviewer: Or say the basketball 444: Goal. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. You threw a ball and ask somebody to what? 444: Catch it. Interviewer: Alright. I threw the ball, and he 444: Caught it. Interviewer: I've been fishing for trap, but I haven't 444: Caught any. Interviewer: Uh, let's meet in town. If I get there first, I'll For you. 444: Wait. Interviewer: Um. A child waiting to uh wanting to get Get out of a spanking Might say Give me another what? 444: Chance. Interviewer: Uh, somebody's got a smile on his face and a pleasant word for everybody, you say he seems to be in a good what? 444: Mood. #1 Good humor. # Interviewer: #2 Or what else? # Alright. There's there's that pesky salesman pesk- pesky salesman. Wait 'til I What him? 444: To get rid of him. Interviewer: Alright, we've got termites, but I'm sure the exterminating company will What? 444: Kill 'em. Do away with 'em. Interviewer: Uh, he didn't know what was going on, but he Blank at knew it all. 444: Act like he knew it. Interviewer: Uh. A boy left his best pencil on his desk and came back and didn't find it. He'd say I'll bet somebody 444: Stole it. Interviewer: Alright. What other words can you think of? 444: Might steal it. Swiped it. Interviewer: I had forgotten about that, but now I 444: Remember. Interviewer: Uh, and you might say to me Well, you must have a better memory than I do because I sure don't 444: Don't remember recollect it. Interviewer: Um. Yesterday he Blank me a letter. 444: Wrote. Interviewer: And tomorrow I'll blank him I'll blank blank one to him. 444: I'll write him. Interviewer: Uh, it's time I was getting on getting an For the letter, what would you call that? It's time I was getting an 444: Answer. Interviewer: You put the letter in an envelope and uh when you take your pen And then you take your pen and do what to it? 444: Address it. Interviewer: Uh, I want to write To someone. Do you know his 444: Address. Interviewer: Uh, a child has learned something surprising, And the parent might ask, "Who was it Blank you that? 444: #1 Who learnt you that? Told you that? # Interviewer: #2 What would we # What are Uh, when are you going to Miami? Uh, right now we're what? Next Wednesday. 444: Getting ready and. Interviewer: Um, what do children call somebody who's Always running and telling on others? 444: Tattletale. Interviewer: Uh, if you want to brighten up the room for a party, and you have a lot of things growing in your garden, you'd go out and What? 444: Mm. Get us some flowers. Interviewer: Uh. Something a toy a child might play with. 444: Toy. Interviewer: Alright, what are some different names for Something you'd buy Like that? 444: Mm. {X} Play toys. Interviewer: If something happened that you Expected, predicted, or were afraid was going to happen, for example Or was going to happen, for example, a child hurting himself while doing something dangerous. You might say What? 444: I told you I knew it. Interviewer: Uh, that's the book You What me? If you had a book, and I'd say, "That's the book you 444: Gave me. Interviewer: Uh. I'm glad I carried my umbrella. We hadn't gone half a block when it What rain? 444: Started raining. {NS} Interviewer: Uh. Why are you out of breath? I was Feeling so happy I what all the way home? 444: Ran. Interviewer: Alright, horses gallop, but people what? 444: Run. Interviewer: And they what a mile every day this week? They what a mile every day this week? 444: They run. Interviewer: If you didn't know where a man was born, you might ask, "Where does he What from? 444: Originate or come from. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. I what Her outside a few minutes ago. Instead of saying see I what her outside a few minutes ago. 444: Uh. Interviewer: If you look out, and you say I what her outside a few minutes ago. 444: I saw her outside. Interviewer: Alright, and you'd say I hope to what you again soon. 444: See you. Interviewer: Alright, we what so little of you this year? 444: Saw. Interviewer: Uh, you can't get through there. The highway department's got their machine's in and the roads all 444: Closed. Interviewer: #1 Alright, and it's closed. What are they doing to it? # 444: #2 Uh, or messed up. # Working on it. Interviewer: #1 And what uh # 444: #2 Uh worked uh repairing it. # Interviewer: Or they did what up? 444: Messed it up or Interviewer: It was tore up. What would you say? It was what? 444: Messed up. Interviewer: Okay. You gave give somebody a bracelet, and say to her Why don't you What? 444: Wear it. Interviewer: Or You give it To her and then you say Why don't you 444: Put it on. Interviewer: Um. My sister blank that. If uh they gave something on, you say My sister Blank that. 444: Did that. Interviewer: Alright, and then you'd say Can you Blank that. 444: Do that? Interviewer: And then you'd say Sure I What all all my life? 444: I've done it all my life. Interviewer: Uh, if you're sitting with a friend not saying anything and all of a sudden, he ask you what do you say, you'd say Why I said 444: Nothing. Interviewer: Uh. Then he'd say Oh I thought you said 444: Something. Interviewer: Uh, I've never heard of Things. 444: That. {X} Interviewer: Um. If you lived in a town all your life, and somebody ask you Have you lived here long? you'd answer Why I've 444: Live here all my I live here always. Interviewer: Uh. I got thrown once, and I've been scared of horses ever 444: Since. Interviewer: Uh. I don't know. Uh, you'd better blank him. 444: Ask. Interviewer: So you Him. 444: Asked. Interviewer: And he says, "Why you've Me. 444: Well, you asked me to Interviewer: That several times before. Uh, every time they've met, they Um. Every time they met, they 444: They will. Interviewer: Will what? 444: They'd fight. Interviewer: Alright. Those boys like to. 444: Fight. Interviewer: And they've Blank ever since they were small. 444: Been fighting {X} Interviewer: Alright, he uh If someone had a big knife, you'd say he Blanked her with a big knife. 444: He stab stabbed her. Interviewer: A funny picture on the blackboard, the teacher says, Who's Who blank that? 444: Who drawed that? Interviewer: If you're going to lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof, You might use pulley blocks and a rope to What it up? 444: Lift it up to Interviewer: Or what else? 444: Draw it up. Or pull it up. To hoist it up. {NS} Interviewer: Alright, let's uh Go back once more and and uh Count from one to twenty real slowly for me {NW} 444: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty. Interviewer: Alright, and the number after nineteen is what? 444: Twenty. Interviewer: And the number after twenty-six? 444: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And the number after twenty-nine? 444: Is thirty. Interviewer: After thirty-nine? 444: Forty. Interviewer: Uh, the number after sixty-nine? 444: Seventy. Interviewer: The number after ninety-nine? 444: Hundred. Interviewer: The number after nine hundred ninety-nine? 444: One thousand. Interviewer: Alright, once again, if uh The man uh in line was standing Uh, at the head of the line, you'd say that man is what? 444: The first one. Interviewer: And after him is? 444: Second one. Interviewer: And then the what? 444: Third. Interviewer: Then? 444: Fourth. Interviewer: Then. 444: Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Let's see. If I ask you now uh, if he said it more than once, He would be saying it what? 444: Twice. Interviewer: Alright. Now, what's the first month of year again? 444: January. Interviewer: Alright. And uh. The day after Monday is? 444: Tuesday. Interviewer: And uh. The day before uh Monday. 444: Be Sunday. Interviewer: Alright. Um. If you uh what would you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving someone's house at night? 444: Say Goodnight. Night-Night. {NS} Interviewer: How now brown calf. This is Eleanor Holmes. {C: should be beeped} The date is July the ninth, nineteen seventy-six. I'm trying to record you in a thunderstorm. The informant lives in 446: Damascus. Interviewer: County. 446: {D: Escandia} Interviewer: State. 446: Alabama. Interviewer: The informant's name is {NS}. Address. 446: Route {NS}. Interviewer: Birthplace. 446: Damascas. Interviewer: Age. 446: fifty-nine. Interviewer: Sex. 446: Female. Interviewer: Race. 446: White. Interviewer: Occupation. 446: Social service aid. Interviewer: Religion. 446: Church of Christ. Interviewer: Eduction. 446: High school diploma. Interviewer: Okay Parents birthplace, mother. 446: Damascus. Interviewer: Father. 446: Damascus. Interviewer: Parents education, mother. 446: Sixth grade. {NS} Interviewer: {NS}Father. 446: Fourth. Interviewer: Parents occupation, mother. 446: Housewife and farmer. Interviewer: Father. 446: Fath- a farmer Interviewer: Okay, the maternal grandparents. The birthplace. 446: Damascus. Interviewer: How much education? 446: Very little. Interviewer: Okay and occupation. 446: Farmer. Interviewer: Fraternal grandparents were born 446: Damascus. Interviewer: How much education? 446: Very little. Interviewer: Okay and occupation. 446: Farmer. Interviewer: Uh spouse is is deceased right? Okay. The race. 446: White. Interviewer: Religion. 446: Church of Christ. Interviewer: Education. 446: 8th grade. Interviewer: Okay. Parental ancestry. 446: European. Interviewer: {D: Okay.} Would you tell us something about Damascus community. The way it is now, the way it used to be when you were growing up. 446: Well when I was growing up There were a lot of young people We had a high school and we didn't most of the children would have to walk. Some would have to walk as far at three miles. And then later on when I got in about the sixth grade we had school buses to pick us up but we would still have to walk about a mile to catch the school bus. And then um {NS} I rode the school bus until I got in through the eleventh grade. And then uh Damascus school wasn't an accredited school so I went to Evergreen and graduated at Evergreen um school. Interviewer: How far away was Evergreen? 446: It's about twenty five miles. I stayed with my aunt at Hubbard, Alabama and she she lived about twelve miles from Evergreen. And then I came back home and just. {NW} Interviewer: When did you get married? 446: I got married in about two years after I graduated. I was eighteen when I graduated and I got married when I was twenty. And then uh. Interviewer: How many children do you have? 446: Three. Interviewer: and. 446: But I was married about ten years before I had my first one. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 446: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 tell us about your # 446: #2 so # Interviewer: three children. 446: Well they went to school at Damascus then and uh up in after they got up to about the ninth grade my the school was transferred to Bruton from the ninth grade through the twelfth. Interviewer: #1 And how far is Bruton from that # 446: #2 And, that's seventeen miles. # Interviewer: #1 That's the county seat, right? # 446: #2 That's the county seat. # And uh then I, I was working in the lunch room at that time and I I worked on through about I worked on through about nine years until Damascus school was done away with and then they all had to go to Bruton. Interviewer: Okay. Now you have a boy and two girls, right? 446: I have yes. Interviewer: #1 okay # 446: #2 and uh # the, the boy went to he finished school at {D:Douglas Leah Rou} and then he went to Auburn and he liked about two quarters of graduating and then joined the navy. So he never did graduate. And I had, uh my oldest daughter went to Auburn and she graduated in elementary education. My youngest daughter went she likes uh ten hours of graduating and she married {NW}. Interviewer: And I understand you're going to be a grandparent three times. 446: Three times. Interviewer: #1 Pretty soon, right? yeah # 446: #2 Pretty soon. # Interviewer: Are you looking for boys and girls or does it make any difference? 446: Well it really doesn't make any difference. Interviewer: Did uh a- at one time was Damascus community a thriving community for instance 446: #1 Yes it was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 446: #1 it had a gin # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 446: and two stores and sawmills. Interviewer: What about churches? 446: And it had several churches. Interviewer: Are all the churches still in existence? 446: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. 446: But the gin is not. And the stores and sawmills. We have two stores but they're down on the high twenty-nine highway. about two or three miles from here. Interviewer: When you were growing up did just about everybody farm in this area? 446: Yes. Interviewer: But now a lot of people drive into Bruton and Evergreen to work, is that right? 446: And then there's not any young people here anymore just very few. The teenagers but there's a few younger children. Interviewer: Okay, you've drawn a floor plan of the house that you lived in when you were growing up. Will you tell us about the rooms and how it was built at first and then how it was added onto and changed later. 446: Well at first it was just a a big house with a wide hall through the middle. With a porch all the way across the front. And it had a bedroom, dining room, and a kitchen on the left and on the right it had a big bedroom on the front and then a little a little room behind that bedroom. That and uh Interviewer: Now all the rooms open into the open hall. 446: All of them opened into the hall. And then it had a back porch it was a L L shaped house. Interviewer: Did any of the rooms have locks on it where you could lock it up or did you ever lock anything up then? 446: Well I I um, we had uh locks to the kitchen. Interviewer: But you didn't have locks anywhere else? 446: No. And then later the hole was closed up and just had a a glass door in the front. And in the back of the hall it was closed up and made a bathroom. Interviewer: #1 So you had an opened back porch and a opened front porch? # 446: #2 Still had an opened back porch and a open front porch. # Interviewer: Okay. Do you remember what kinds of buildings you had around your house? 446: We had uh two barns and back in those days they were called cribs. And to kept corn and beans and peanuts. Fodder and all sorts of that end. And chicken house. Interviewer: Did you always have a chicken house or did the chickens run loose in the yard? 446: No. We always had a chicken house. Interviewer: Did you have smokehouses? 446: We had chicken house but still the chickens run loose in yard. It would be where they would stay at night. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 446: #2 # Interviewer: #1 It wasn't fenced in just the chicken house. # 446: #2 No, uh huh. # Interviewer: Uh, did you have a smokehouse? 446: Yes, we had a smokehouse. Interviewer: Did you have a place where you stored potatoes, sweet potatoes? 446: Yes. Interviewer: And was it built? Was it half underground? 446: Um little bit underground but it was built out of lumber and had a it's kind of like a little house. Interviewer: mm 446: Had a little roof on it. Interviewer: Did you have any other kinds of houses? Before your bathroom you had an outdoor toilet didn't you? 446: Yes. Interviewer: Okay,what did you call that? 446: The toilet {NW} Interviewer: Okay, you've also drawn a sketch the house that you've lived in since right after you married. Would you uh name the rooms for me then. 446: Oh, had a front porch and it went in to the living room. And then there was a bedroom two bedrooms on the left. And on the right there was the living room, dining room, and kitchen. And then out on the extreme left of the back bedroom there was another bedroom which made the three bedrooms. And then right on the back the bathroom. We didn't have a bathroom to start with so that made us have to take in the back porch later for our bathroom and a utility room and then we build another porch all the way across that. Interviewer: Okay, how did you heat the house that you were growing up in? 446: With chimneys. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 446: #2 Yeah. There's a # chimney to the kitchen. {D: Bedroom.} Interviewer: Okay. #1 And you heated with wood. Did # 446: #2 And it went to the bedroom. uh huh # Interviewer: you ever use coal? 446: no Interviewer: How's it heated now? 446: With gas. And they still use the fireplace Interviewer: #1 You use the fireplace and same gas. # 446: #2 {D: to stay} # Interviewer: Was the kitchen heated with a wood stove? 446: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. It uh what kind of stove did your mother use now? 446: Uh electric Interviewer: Uh when you built the house that you moved in when you were first married how was it heated? 446: With wood. With fireplace. Interviewer: Okay, and then you have gas now? 446: Yes. Interviewer: How long have you had gas? 446: Um about ten years. Interviewer: Okay. Uh In a house the smoke goes up through the. 446: Chimney. Interviewer: Would you have a different name for a similar thing in a factory? Would you call it a chimney or would you call it something else? You called it a chimney. 446: Chimney. Interviewer: Okay. The open place on the floor in front of a fireplace is called what? That's flat on the floor right in front of the fire place. 446: The hearth. Interviewer: Okay. In the fire place you have those little iron thing that you put your logs on. What do you call those? What did you call those when you were growing up? 446: Fire logs. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Up above the fireplace you had a place where you could set pictures and faces on, what did you call that? 446: Mantle. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else? 446: No. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything like fireboard or mantle board? 446: The mantle, mantle board. Interviewer: But, did you? That's the only term you ever used. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The big round piece of wood there is put in the back of the fireplace, what did you call that? Did you have a special name for it? Did you ever call it a backlog? 446: No. I don't remember. {X} Interviewer: Let's see. Uh What would you call the pieces of wood that you put in the fireplace? Of the pieces of wood, would you call that something else? 446: {NS} {NS} A log. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call the kind of wood you used to start fires with? 446: Kindling. Interviewer: Okay. Um. How bout something that you got from a pine tree did you call it kindling or did you call it something else? 446: Splinters. Interviewer: Did you call it something else other than splinters? Did you ever call it lighters? 446: Yes. Lighter. Interviewer: A lightered knot. 446: lightered knots. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever call it lightening wood? 446: No. Interviewer: Um. What do you call the black that forms in the chimney? On the back part of the chimney if you ever find any of that black stuff hanging, what did you call it? 446: We always called it smut. Interviewer: Okay. Uh,what was left in the fireplace when the fire went out? What did you call that? The residue after the bottom. 446: Ashes. Interviewer: Okay, did you ever call it something. 446: Coal. #1 Firecoal. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Did you ever refer to the ashes as a certain kind of ashes? Did you ever call it white ashes. 446: If we burned oak we did. Interviewer: Okay. And you, we called it what if you burned oak. 446: White ashes. Interviewer: Okay. What am I sitting in? 446: chair. Interviewer: What is that long piece of furniture in there that you sit on? 446: couch. Interviewer: Do you ever call it anything else? Other than couch. 446: Sofa. Interviewer: Okay. Did you, when you were growing up did you call it something different from sofa or couch. 446: Davenport. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for it? Um. The piece of furniture in your bedroom that has drawers in it, you put your clothes in. What do you call that? 446: Dresser. Interviewer: Okay. Um. The room where you sleep in is called what? 446: Bedroom. Interviewer: These tables, chairs, and sofas the china cabinet. What do you call that? 446: Furniture. Interviewer: The things hanging at the window to keep the light out. 446: Shades. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever call them anything else other than shades? Is that the only thing you ever call them? 446: Mm-hmm Curtains or blinds? Interviewer: Okay. Well the ones that go up and down okay. A little room off the bedroom to hang up your clothes in. 446: Closet. Interviewer: If you didn't have a built in closet what did you put your clothes in when you were growing up? 446: just hung them on the side of the wall. Interviewer: On a nail? 446: On a nail. Interviewer: Hmm Uh, the room at the top of the house just under the roof is called what? 446: The attic. Interviewer: The room that you cook in is called? 446: Kitchen. Interviewer: What do you call the little room off the kitchen where you store canned goods and extra dishes. If you have that. 446: Pantry. Interviewer: What do you call a lot old worthless things that you were about to throw away? You have a bunch of say discarded furniture and old dishes and it's not even used to you anymore and you're about to throw it away you say I'm going to throw away this pile of. 446: Junk. Interviewer: Do you call it anything other than junk? 446: Trash. Interviewer: Okay, anything else? Is that what you would call it? 446: I reckon.{NW} Interviewer: What would you call a room that is used to store odds and ends in. And extra room that you would put things that you didn't necessarily want company to see. What would you call that kind of room? What did you call this room on your the first house you lived in this little room sometimes did you refer to it as something else? 446: The little side room or the little room. Interviewer: Did you ever refer to it as the junk room? 446: Yes. Interviewer: Speaking of daily housework you say a women does what every morning? When you sweep and dust and put things right what do you say your doing? 446: Cleaning the house. Interviewer: Okay. What do you sweep with? 446: broom. Interviewer: Years ago on Monday usually women did their. 446: Washing. Interviewer: On Tuesdays, what did they do? 446: Ironing. Interviewer: What might you call both ironing and washing together. You say I'm doing the. If you're doing both washing and ironing and you're referring to it as one thing you say I'm doing the. Did you just refer to it simply as doing the washing and ironing? 446: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. The place in town where a bachelor might have his shirts done would be called what? 446: cleaners. Interviewer: Okay. How do you get from the first floor up to the second floor in a two story house? 446: stairs. Interviewer: What is built outside the house to walk on and put chairs on? This thing that goes across the front of the house that's open, what do you call that? 446: The porch. Interviewer: Uh huh. Did you ever call it anything else? 446: No. Interviewer: Okay. Can you have a porch on more than one floor? If you got a two story house would you call the upper if you had a thing above your bottom porch would you call that a porch up there too? Or would you have another name for it? What would you call the one upstairs? Would it still be a porch? 446: It'd still be a porch to me. Interviewer: If the door is open and you don't want it that way you would tell someone to do what to the door? 446: Close the door. Interviewer: mm What would you call the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 446: Drop siding Interviewer: Okay. If you were doing some carpentry nailing in the boards somewhere you'd say, I took the hammer and I did what to the nail? If you're going to hit a nail you're going to do what? 446: Hit it. #1 Nail it. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay, do you use another word for it? I did something to the nail I blank it in. 446: drive it in. Interviewer: Okay. If a nail ripped your stocking you took a hammer and did what to the nail? Okay. If we're still talking about the same nail would you say I, I drove the nail in? 446: #1 {D: Yeah.} # Interviewer: #2 is that- # Okay. 446: I I drived the nail in. Interviewer: Okay. 446: ripped my stocking. Interviewer: {D: Okay.} I want to hang something out in the barn so I just took a nail and did what to it? 446: Drove it in. Interviewer: Everyday I take my car and blank into town. 446: Drive. Interviewer: Okay. If you drive to town everyday for a week you say I have. 446: Driven. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever say I have drove to town? Or do you always say I have driven to town? 446: I probably say I haven't drove into town {NW}. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. What do you call the part that covers the top of the house? 446: The roof. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the little things along the edge if the roof that carry water around? 446: {X} Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a little building that is used for storing wood or tools? 446: Tool house. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever call it the tool shed? 446: Tool shed. yes, it'd be tool shed. Interviewer: What do you call outdoor toilets? What do you call outdoor toilets, excuse me. 446: Toilets. Interviewer: Okay. Did you have any joking words for the outdoor toilets? Did you ever call it the privy? 446: I never have but I've heard toilets being called a privy. Interviewer: Did you blank that noise? Did you. 446: Hear. Interviewer: Okay. Yes I. 446: Heard. Interviewer: Okay. If I asked you if you know a person you might say no but, I have. Offhand. 446: Known {D: of them.} Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say I have heard of him? 446: Yes. #1 I have. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I have. 446: I've heard of him. Interviewer: Okay. If a friend came back to town and another friend had been visiting with him you might be asked haven't you seen him yet. And you might say no I. 446: Have not. Interviewer: Okay. Then you might be asked has your brother seen him yet and again you might answer no he. 446: Has not. Or hasn't. Interviewer: Does your brother like ice cream? Yes he. 446: Does. Interviewer: If a man lets his farm get all run down and he doesn't seem to care you might say to someone who asks. I really don't know but he just blank to care. 446: Doesn't care. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, if people think that he did it they say he. 446: Did. Interviewer: Okay. You might say you live in a frame. 446: House. Interviewer: What other kinds of houses do you have around here? 446: Brick. And block. Interviewer: Okay. The big building behind the house where hay is stored and cattle are housed is called. 446: barn. Interviewer: What sorts of buildings would you have on a farm? Other than the barn. I think we've pretty muched covered that. Did we when we talked about the chicken houses and smokehouses and so on. The building you store corn in is called a. 446: Crib. Interviewer: What do you call a building or part of a building where you store grain? Did you have a different name for that? Other than just crib. The upper part of the barn is called the. 446: Loft. Interviewer: Are there other places where you might store hay in the barn other than in the loft? 446: No. Just in the barn I reckon. Interviewer: Okay. Hay piled up outside the barn is called what? 446: Hay stack. Interviewer: hmm Um. When you first cut the hay what do you do with it? The first thing after it's cut. 446: We stack it. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have or know any names for small piles of hay racked up in the field? When you um bound corn stalks together do you have a special name for that? 446: No. Interviewer: Did you call it fodder or corn stalks? 446: Well we used to pull fodder and just tie {D: bonds of} fodder of the corn blades {X} and it would be called fodder. Interviewer: Did you pull that green? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Where do you keep your cows or where did you keep your cows? 446: They went out in the woods everyday. And at night they were shut up in a what we called a lot. Interviewer: Okay. Now the lot didn't have a shelter over it did it, it just 446: {NW} Interviewer: just a fenced in area. Did you keep your horses with your cows or were they in a different? 446: #1 They were in a different place. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And what was that called? 446: The U lot. Interviewer: hmm Besides the barn did you ever have a special place where you would milk the cows outside? When you milked the cows did you didn't take them into a barn to milk them you milked them in the lot. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: that right? And what did you call this place? 446: The cow lot. Interviewer: Where did you keep your hogs and pigs? What was that place called? 446: Hog pen. Interviewer: Okay. Did it have a shelter or was it just open? 446: Open. Interviewer: It was fenced? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Where did people used to keep their milk and butter before the days of refrigeration? 446: It wasn't had the open wells we would put it down in wells and some would put it in creeks. Just in water. #1 # Interviewer: #2 What a- # 446: #1 The milk but I. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 446: but I Interviewer: Uh huh And the butter? 446: I just can't re- Interviewer: #1 Can you remember people built # 446: #2 I couldn't remember. # Interviewer: spring houses around their springs and put the milk and butter and the spring houses to keep it cool 446: No, I don't remember. Interviewer: hmm What do you call that place around the barn where you might let the cows use and other animals walk around? Was that the lot too? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call the open place that was usually fenced that had grass in it where the animals grazed? 446: pasture. Interviewer: Okay. Now was it fenced when you were growing up? 446: Just little small spots. Interviewer: Okay. Do you remember when people started fencing their pastures? 446: No, it was when stock low. Interviewer: I, I remember that because that was when I was a small kid when people had to start keeping their animals in. That woulda been about thirty years ago. Thirty, twenty-five, thirty years ago. 446: Around thirty years ago. Interviewer: Cause I remember us, mother getting us in the house when a bull would get loose. #1 {NS} # 446: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: Did you ever raise cotton? 446: Uh. I No. No they, I didn't but my parents did. Interviewer: Well did you ever work in it? 446: yes Interviewer: Okay, can you tell us about how you raised cotton from the time it was planted until it was harvested? 446: Well you first had to chop it and get it so the plant's so far apart. #1 and then # Interviewer: #2 You always planted more than you needed? # 446: #1 Mm-hmm, yeah we had a good # Interviewer: #2 Make sure you had a good {D: stand}. # 446: {X} {D: The stick} we'd have to chop it out. And then later we would have to hoe it. Interviewer: Okay. Now hoeing was used the term hoeing was used for weeds right? #1 Okay, and you chopped it to fit it. # 446: #2 To fit it. # Interviewer: #1 But you hoed it to get the weeds. # 446: #2 We hoed it to get the weeds and the grass out. # And then It would be, have to be plowed several times. for the, what they called the lady {D: lady bye}. #1 And then wait # Interviewer: #2 Wait till about July # 446: And then wait for it to open. Interviewer: Okay, and when was that? Usually in September? 446: It would start opening it uh, uh first of August. Um, sometime during August. Interviewer: Did you use a cotton picking sack to put #1 the cotton in? # 446: #2 Yes, mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And how was that made? 446: It had a strap on it that you would put around your shoulders or one of your shoulders. And hang on the sides. Interviewer: Okay. Did you enjoy doing that kind of work? 446: {NS} Not too good. {NS} Interviewer: It's the worst kind of work I ever did. I tell you I hated it. {NS} What would you call the grass that grows up in a cotton field where you don't want it? Did you have a special name for it or did you just call it weeds or grass? 446: Just weeds and grass. Interviewer: Okay. Cotton and corn Cotton and corn grow in a. What, what do you call the area that that grows in. The land that it grows on you say I'm going to the cotton blank and pick cotton. 446: Cotton field. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, peas are growing what say I'm going to the pea. 446: patch. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever call the cotton area the cotton patch? 446: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Or was it uh # 446: #1 Yes. Cotton patch. # Interviewer: #2 Cotton patch. Okay. # Did you have different names or different kinds of little wooden fences? 446: Rail is rail fence. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever have uh uh fence where the pieces of wood came up like this that has a little horn on the top and you had like that that had pieces of wood to hold them together on the back. There wasn't much fencing used around here was there? 446: Well back when I was small most of the fence was rails split logs and they rail fence. And the the shape of that one would zig-zag. Interviewer: Right okay. The fence made of twisted wire with sharp points on it is called. 446: Barbed wire. Interviewer: Okay this one gets to the rail fence {X}. When you set up a barbed wire fence you must dig holes for the. 446: Post. Interviewer: {D: Okay.} What would you call a fence or wall made of loose stone or rock you might remove from a field? Or did you ever do that here? 446: No. Interviewer: There's not that much rock around here cause the soil is real thin so there's not much rock under that. Uh. When you wanted a hen to start laying did you ever put anything in her nest to make her #1 lay # 446: #2 yes # Interviewer: What was that? 446: I put big rocks {NS} big white rocks. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what do you call your best dishes, dishes? It's made of what? 446: China. Interviewer: mm-hmm What did you use to carry water in when you went to the well? What did you get your water in? 446: {NS} Just called it a buck- Interviewer: Okay. Was it wooden or metal? 446: Metal. Wooden. Interviewer: #1 When you were young, real young it was wooden. # 446: #2 Uh huh. When I was real young it was wood. # Interviewer: #1 And then # 446: #2 It was cedar. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 446: #2 Made out of Cedar. # Interviewer: And then it was made as you got older you got the metal kind. What was it, galvanized? 446: Yes {D: I remember.} Interviewer: The enamel broke 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What did you use to carry milk in? Did you milk? 446: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Well what did you milk into to carry it into the house? 446: There was a little aluminum milk bucket. Interviewer: {NS} What kind of bucket might you keep in your kitchen to throw scrapes in for the pigs? What did you call that? 446: Garbage can. Interviewer: #1 Did you call it a garbage can when # 446: #2 {D:Slop} bucket. # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 446: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 You forgotten it had # 446: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 446: #2 Yeah, it's been so long I've forgotten what it did have. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: What do you fry eggs in? 446: Frying pan. Interviewer: #1 Frying pan. # 446: #2 Frying pan. # Interviewer: {NS} What about something big and black that you put out in the backyard that you might use for heating up the water to boil your clothes when you were washing. #1 What was that # 446: #2 wash- # pot. Interviewer: Did you ever refer to it as a kettle? 446: No, I didn't. No. Interviewer: #1 What was the kettle used for? # 446: #2 {X} # kettle was used to heat water on the stove. Interviewer: What would you call the container that you plant some sort of flowers in and keep them in the house? Like this over here that you got the begonia growing in. What would you call that container? 446: Just a flower pot. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would you call the container that you put cut flowers in that you put water in then you put the flowers in. What would you call that? 446: Vase. Interviewer: Uh what are the eating utensils that you put at each place when you set the table? What do you call the different kinds of things that you eat with? 446: Knives. Forks. Spoons. Interviewer: Okay. If the dishes are all dirty you say it's almost supper time and before we can have supper we have to have some clean dishes. I must do what to the dishes? 446: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: After you wash the dishes what do you do to them in clear water? 446: Rinse 'em. Interviewer: What do you call that cloth or rag you use in drying dishes? 446: Dish dish rag. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Do you call it a dishcloth most of the time? 446: Yeah, nowadays. Interviewer: {NS} Uh When you were growing up the small piece of cloth that you used to wash your face with what did you call it? 446: Wash rag. Interviewer: And what do you call it now? 446: Wash cloth. Bath cloth. {NS} Interviewer: after bathing what do you use to dry yourself off with? 446: Towels. Interviewer: What do you turn on at the water pipe in the kitchen to get water? 446: Faucet. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever called it anything other than faucet? 446: No. I don't think so. Interviewer: People used to buy flour in. 446: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 446: #1 Barrels. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. What do you use to enable you to pour water into a narrow mouth bottle. This thing is shaped like a. 446: #1 funnel # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're riding in a buggy. {D: kettle whip}. 446: Whip. Interviewer: If you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put what you buy in a. 446: Bag. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would the bag be made out of? 446: Paper. Interviewer: How is a fairly large quantity of sugar packaged? What was it put in? Interviewer: What do you call that bag or sack that potatoes are shipped in? Would you have a different name for it other than sack? 446: No. {NS} Interviewer: What would you call the amount of corn you might take to the mill at any time to be ground. 446: pick or Bushel. Interviewer: Okay. What about the amount of wood you can carry when you got your arms full of wood you say I've got. 446: A ton of wood. Interviewer: Okay. When the light burns out in electric lamp you have to put in a new. 446: Bulb. Interviewer: Do you call it light bulb? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call it? 446: Put in a new light bulb. Interviewer: Okay. When you carry the washing out to hang it up on the line. You carry it out in a? 446: Basket. Interviewer: What do nails come in? A nail. The small wooden thing is that. 446: #1 A barrel. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 446: A hook. No, uh what do you? Interviewer: It's lower than a barrel. 446: A keg. A nail keg, yeah. Interviewer: #1 People got so used {X}. # 446: #2 Yeah. {NS} # Interviewer: What runs around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 446: Um. A band. Interviewer: Did you ever call it staves? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever call it hooks? 446: Hooks. Yes. A hook. {NS} Interviewer: What would you in put the top of a bottle that would fit down in the bottle? 446: Stopper. Interviewer: Okay. And what was that usually made out of? 446: #1 Cork. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What do you call the musical instrument that you put at your mouth and you play and is shaped about this long? 446: harp. Interviewer: Okay. What did you call the musical instrument that you put in your mouth and it binged. 446: A jew's a jew's harp. Interviewer: Okay. What's that what do you call the thing that you use to hit nails with. 446: Hammer. Interviewer: If you have a wagon and two horses what is the long wooden piece between the horses? 446: The tongue. Interviewer: You have a one horse buggy or just a buggy what do you call the things that the horse comes into. 446: The shaves. Interviewer: Okay. When a horse is hitched to a wagon what do you call the {D:bar} wood the traces are fastened to? 446: single the singletree Interviewer: Uh now the wagon you would have two horses and each one would have a singletree. What do you call the thing that both of these are hitched to in order to keep the horses together? Now you've got your two single trees and back there you have that other piece of wood, what was that called? Did you call it the doubletree? Do you remember? 446: No, we never did have a double. {X} Interviewer: You just always had the one. 446: Mm-hmm.Uh-huh. Interviewer: If a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you say he was doing what? He was taking a load of something from one place to another you say he was doing what? 446: Taking a load of wood. Interviewer: Did you ever use hauling? He's hauling hay. 446: #1 Yeah, # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 446: he's hauling hay. {X} Interviewer: Suppose there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a rope to it and did what to get it out of the way? 446: Drug it. Drug it out. Interviewer: What do you break the ground with in the spring? 446: Plow. Interviewer: Okay. After you have plowed what do you use to break the ground even finer? It was a special kind of plow that was used after the plowing was done? To make it finer. 446: Back long #1 time ago? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Mm-hmm. Uh-huh. Did you ever use this? 446: A harrell. Interviewer: #1 Do you remember that? # 446: #2 I started saying it like Joe Harrell. # Interviewer: #1 Joe Harrell. What was that? # 446: #2 {NS} # Well it was a plow that had little pegs on it best I remember. That just tore the ground up. Interviewer: What is it that the wheels of a wagon fit onto? 446: The axle. Interviewer: What do you call the X-shaped frame you lay a log across to chop it into stove lengths? Do you remember that? Did you have that kind of thing? 446: I don't remember having it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, did you have the A-shaped uh what do you call the A-shaped frames that you used to lay the boards across sometimes to have dinner on the ground at church? Or sometimes people use them carpenters use them and sawing wood or lumber. What do you call those? 446: We used to have something that they would uh they would call horses. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of horses? Or was it just horses? 446: Yeah, just horses to they would lay the lumber cross to saw. Interviewer: Okay. You straighten your hair with a comb and a. 446: Brush. Interviewer: You sharpen a straight razor on a leather. 446: Strap. Interviewer: Did you ever use the term strop? Or did you hear people use that? 446: Yeah back then I imagine I did say strop. Interviewer: What do you put in a rifle when you load it? 446: cartridge. Interviewer: What do children have in a park or schoolyard where one sits on each end of the board and they go up and down? 446: A seesaw. Interviewer: Okay. There might be a plank that is anchored in the middle to a post or stump children get on each end and spin around on it what do you call that? Did you ever have that kind of thing? I never did either. When you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it so that children can go back and forth you're making a? 446: A swing. {NS} Interviewer: I, you didn't tell me earlier you didn't have coal but did you have coal to heat the school where you went? 446: Yes we did. Interviewer: And what. 446: first at Damascus. Interviewer: What did you carry the coal in? What was the bucket called? 446: Coal bucket. Interviewer: Did you ever use the term scuttle or did you hear that used? 446: #1 No, it was, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Always bucket. # A small vehicle to carry bricks or other heavy things with a little well in front and two handles to push it. 446: A wheelbarrow. Wheelbar is what we used to call it. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 446: #2 {NS}Oh. # Interviewer: What do you sharpen a knife on? 446: Grindstone. Interviewer: Did you ever use whetstone? 446: Whetstone, yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever use the term rubstone? 446: No. Interviewer: Uh. The kind that turned around did you have a different name for that? 446: Well that was the grindstone. The one that would turn. Interviewer: If something is squeaking to lubricate it you have to do what to it? 446: Grease it. Put oil on it. Interviewer: Okay. If grease got all over your hands they are all? 446: Greasy. Interviewer: You might take your car into a gas station and ask them to check the water and. 446: Oil. Interviewer: What is it that you use to burn your lamps before you had electricity. 446: Kerosene. Interviewer: Did you call it anything else? 446: Kerosene oil. Interviewer: Okay. What might you call a makeshift lamp made with a rag, bottle, and kerosene? Did you ever use one of those? Inside the tire of the car is the inner? 446: Tube. Interviewer: If you have built a boat and you are going to put it in the water you say you are going to do what to the boat? When you have it on the bank and you are ready to put it into the water? What would you say you are going to do to it? 446: Just put it in the water. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of boat would you go fishing in on a small lake? 446: I don't know. I never go fish- {NS} Interviewer: call one that had a flat bottom? #1 Well did you ever hear this. Okay. # 446: #2 I don't know anything about boats. # Interviewer: Did you ever hear the term {D: backtow}? 446: No. Interviewer: or that was used {X} when I was growing up. A backtow was just a little rowboat. 446: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 But that's # what is was called. He said he was going to get some cake now. Am I going to get some of that? {NS} He said he was going to get some cake now. 446: Am I going to get some of that? Interviewer: If a child was just learning to dress himself the mother brings in the clothes and says? Here. 446: Here's your clothes. Interviewer: You meet a little boy on the street and he's afraid of you. You don't tell him you were going to hurt him by saying don't cry I. 446: Won't hurt you. Interviewer: If someone thanked you for a ride into town you might say don't mention it we blank going in anyway. 446: We were going in anyway. Interviewer: If somebody asked without you I was that you I saw in town ye- yesterday you might say. No it. 446: Was not. Interviewer: {NS} If she sees a dress that she likes very much and is very becoming she says that's a very. 446: Pretty dress. Interviewer: What might you wear over your dress in the kitchen? To keep it clean. 446: An apron. Interviewer: Okay. To sign your name in ink you use a? 446: Pen. Interviewer: To hold a baby's diaper in place you use a? 446: A pin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Soup that you should buy comes in a? 446: What? Interviewer: Soup that you should buy comes in a? 446: Can. Interviewer: What kind of can? 446: Tin can. Interviewer: A dime is worth. 446: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. What do you put on when you go out in the winter time and it's cold? 446: Coat. Interviewer: Sometimes between your coat and your shirt you would wear or a man would wear this thing that comes into a quart here and it's sleeveless. 446: Vest. Interviewer: A suit consists of a coat vest and? 446: Pants. Interviewer: Suppose you had come from work and your wife's {D:said} about a package lying there the delivery boy from Jones's store did what? 446: Just delivered a package. Interviewer: Or would you say he's brought it here? 446: Yes. Interviewer: If it was the wrong package Joe might Jones might call and say please blank it back. 446: Send it back. Interviewer: That coat won't fit this year but last year it? 446: Fit. Interviewer: If your old clothes wore out you would buy a? 446: New. Interviewer: New what? 446: If your old what? Interviewer: If your old clothes wore out you would be a new? 446: New outfit. Interviewer: Did you ever say new suit? To refer to a new outfit. 446: {D: Yes.} Interviewer: suit of clothes. If you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them. 446: Full. Interviewer: Okay. Well did you ever tell Brenda for instance when she was growing up that don't put all that stuff in your pocket it does what? It ruins the lines. You didn't do that? You didn't care what she put in her pockets? 446: #1 I don't reckon. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # {NS} The collar got smaller when it was washed. You would say the collar? 446: Shrunk. Interviewer: Okay. And but, but before the collar would do that you would say don't put that in the hot water it might. 446: Fade. Or shrink. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the small leather container with a clasp on it that women carry money in? 446: billfold. Interviewer: What does a woman wear around her wrist? 446: Watch. Interviewer: Okay. If it's not a watch what else would it be? 446: Bracelet. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What would you call the thing that a woman carries the bigger thing that she puts her billfold in? 446: Purse. Interviewer: Okay. What do mean wear to hold up their trousers? That go over their shoulders. 446: Suspenders. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else? 446: Galluses. Interviewer: Okay. did you ever hear them called braces? 446: No. Interviewer: Just galluses. What do you hold over you to keep yourself dry when it rains? 446: Umbrella. Interviewer: What is the last thing you put on a bed? When you make it up what's the last thing. 446: Spread. Interviewer: At the head of your bed you put your head on a. 446: Pillow. Interviewer: What would you call a bed cover that is old fashioned and hand-pieced out of scraps of old leftover clothes? 446: Quilt. Interviewer: What would you call a makeshift sleeping place that you put down on the floor for children to sleep on? 446: Pallet Interviewer: The flat lowland along the stream overflowed in spring and plowed later what did you call that? 446: Say that again. Interviewer: The flat lowland down close to the swamp or the stream sometimes it would overflow in the spring but then you would plow and plant it. Did you have a special name for that kind of land? 446: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear bottom land? 446: Yes. Interviewer: The low lying grassland that's close to the bay you course you were far enough inward that you wouldn't have special names for that. Uh. The wet place that had trees and grass and it was mushy and wet. Did you have a special name for that? 446: Marsh. Marsh Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever call it swamp? 446: Swamp, yes. Interviewer: What different kinds of soils did you have in the field? What kinds of soil did you have here? 446: Sandy. Mostly. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: There's not much clay here is there? 446: No. Interviewer: Um Did you have a special name for sand uh soil that was part sand and part clay? 446: No, I don't reckon. Interviewer: Did you ever use the term or hear your father use the term loam? Or loamy? 446: No. Interviewer: Now suppose you had land that was swampy to put it to cultivation. First you would have to. 446: Clear it. Interviewer: But before you could clear it what would you have to do for the water? 446: Drain. Drain it. Interviewer: The deep narrow valley cut by a stream of water in the woods or in a field about ten feet deep and ten feet across. Would you have a special name for that? You didn't have much of that here did you? That much erosion. 446: No. Interviewer: Now if there had been a heavy rainfall and the rain had cut out a channel or had washed a place would you have a special name for that? 446: gully Interviewer: Okay. What do you call a very small stream of water? One that you can jump across. Something that you might go and wade in when you were a little kid. 446: Mud hole. {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Did you ever call it a branch? 446: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. How big was a branch? Could you jump across a branch? 446: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay, what was the next size? 446: It would be a creek. Interviewer: Okay. Could you jump across a creek? 446: No. Interviewer: Okay. And then the creek would flow into a bigger? What would that be called? 446: River. Interviewer: Okay. Did you have any other names for these streams other than branch, creek, and river? 446: I don't remember, no. Interviewer: Oh What are some of the names of the streams in this neighborhood? Where people go fishing? 446: {D: Hunch Creek} and um Boulder Mill creek. Smith creek. and uh. Interviewer: #1 # 446: #2 # Interviewer: #1 I've heard of a place. # 446: #2 Williams Lake. # Interviewer: I've heard of a place called a blowout. Now that's on a river. What's the name of that river? 446: {D: Comayka River} Interviewer: What do you call a very small rise in land? That you go up a very small one. You say I go up the. 446: Hill. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard the word knob used for hill. #1 Was that used around here? # 446: #2 no # Interviewer: What do you call the higher, bigger thing uh bigger than a hill what do you call that? #1 You don't have any around here? # 446: #2 mountains # #1 We don't have any here. # Interviewer: #2 You don't. It's flat. # {NS} The rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharp what would you call that? 446: I don't know. Interviewer: Uh, a lot of these things right here are for mountains. What would you call the place where boats come up and dock and you get up and walk on it. What would you call that? Usually it spilled out over the water just a bit. 446: pier. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call most of the important roads around here? What do you call this thing that runs in front of the house? 446: Blacktop. Interviewer: Okay. 446: #1 That's what we always called it. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You always used to say blacktops. # You grew up on You're house was on what kind of road when you. 446: Dirt road. Interviewer: Did you ever live on a graveled road? 446: Uh-huh. Yes, this was gravel here. Before we had the blacktop put on. Interviewer: Did you have any special name for a little road that went off the main road? Maybe that just went up to a house. 446: I don't remember. Interviewer: Okay. Suppose you came to a man's farm down the public road you came to the turnoff point down to the man's house. What would you call that? Would you have a special name for it? 446: {D: naval} lane. Interviewer: Okay. Um Did you ever call it anything other than lane? What would you use, would you use the term driveway now? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Instead of lane. # 446: #2 Mm-hmm, driveway yeah. # Interviewer: But it was lane when you were growing up? My great grandmother had a lane that the cows came up. And I, that's the only place I've ever heard that term used. Would you, had her cows in the lane. Something along the side of a street for people to walk on is called? 446: #1 You'll find these inside. # Interviewer: #2 Sidewalk. # Okay. Two boys were walking across the field and one of them saw a crow in the field eating the farmers corn. He reached down and picked up a what to throw at the crow? 446: Rock. Interviewer: When he got to the farm he said to the farmer I picked up a 446: Rock. Interviewer: And 446: Threw it. Interviewer: Okay. If someone came to visit your daughter and you met the person in the yard you might say. She's blank in the house she's blank in the kitchen baking some cookies. You say she's 446: She's in the house. Interviewer: Okay. She's. 446: #1 In the kitchen. # Interviewer: #2 In the kitchen. # Talking about putting milk in coffee We weren't were we. {NS} Some people like it blank milk. And others like it blank milk. Some people like coffee 446: With milk. Interviewer: Okay. 446: #1 And some # Interviewer: #2 And some like coffee? # 446: With without milk. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} If someone is not going away from you, you might say he is coming straight. {NS} 446: Straight. Interviewer: He's coming straight. 446: To me. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever say towards you? 446: Towards toward me. Interviewer: Which would you say? 446: Straight toward toward towards me. Interviewer: Okay. You met someone in town instead of saying I met him you might say I ran. 446: Into him. Interviewer: Okay. If a child is given the same her mothers has you say they named the child. 446: After me. Interviewer: The kind of animal that barks. 446: Dog. Interviewer: That's what we were just hearing. If you wanted your dog to attack another dog or person what would you say? If you were urging your dog to get. 446: Get him. Get him. Interviewer: Did you ever say sick 446: Sick him. Interviewer: If you have a dog that's mixed in his ancestry what might you call him? 446: Mixed. Mixed breed. Interviewer: Did you ever call him something else? Did you ever call him a cur? Or a mutt? 446: No. Interviewer: Okay. If it was just a small tiny dog and he was mixed in his ancestry a little dog about so big did you have a special name for him? Did you ever use the word feist? 446: #1 Or was it? # Interviewer: #2 Yes, uh huh. # Okay. And uh what was a feisty person? When you use the term feisty person what did you mean? 446: It was this little in-. Feisty {NS} {NS} Interviewer: That dog will anyone. 446: Bite. Interviewer: Yesterday, he 446: Bit. Interviewer: The mailman. The mailman had to go to the doctor after he got. 446: Bit. Interviewer: The male of a herd of cattle. What would you call the male in a herd of cows? 446: The bull. Interviewer: Okay, did you have any other names for it? 446: beast Interviewer: Okay. Uh were there special names that men used when they were around women? 446: #1 Was it impolite to say bull when you were around women. But it's not now. # Interviewer: #2 Yes, yes. Uh-huh. # Okay, so what did they it? Did they ever call him the he calf? 446: Well I don't remember about that. About the he calf but they didn't say bull. Interviewer: Bull in front of women. Now that was even in my time. I don't remember people saying it. What did you call the animal you kept for milk? 446: The milk cow. Interviewer: Okay. If you had a cow by the name of Daisy expecting a calf you would say Daisy is going to. 446: Find the calf is what we used to say. Interviewer: And what do you say now? 446: Have a calf Interviewer: Did you ever say Daisy is going to calve? Was that used? 446: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. So you used find a cow, have a calf, and calve. {NS} Those animals that you used to ride on or to put a wagon on are called what? 446: Horses. Interviewer: Okay. A female horse is called a. Did you have a special name for female horse? You just said horse. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You didn't distinguish between the male and the female. Say a little child went to sleep in bed and found himself on the floor in the morning. He'd say I must have 446: Fallen off. Interviewer: Okay. The part of the horses feet that you put the shoes onto would be called what? 446: The hoofs. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the things that you put on horses feet to protect them? 446: Shoes. Horse shoes. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever play a game with those things? 446: Yes. Interviewer: Where you pitched them. What did you call that? {NS} 446: Horseshoe. Interviewer: The male sheep is called a. 446: Ram. Interviewer: Okay. But y'all never raised sheep. Uh the female sheep is called a. {NS} 446: I don't know. wouldn't be a ewe would it? Interviewer: Um. What are sheep raised for? What's that stuff called? 446: #1 Wool. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Uh what did you call a male hog when you were growing up? {NS} 446: The male. Interviewer: What did you call a male hog that had been altered? Did you have a special name for him? {NS} Was it ought, was he ever called a barrow? 446: A what? Interviewer: Barrow. 446: Yeah. Interviewer: He was. And how would you say that? 446: We say boar. Interviewer: Okay. Um The little hog when it's first born is called a? 446: Pig. Interviewer: When it is a little older that medium size it's called a 446: Shoat. Interviewer: Okay. When they're full grown they're called? 446: Hogs. Interviewer: How big must a pig get to be called a shoat? When did it stop being a pig and become a shoat? 446: When it quit nursing I reckon. Interviewer: Did you have a special name for an unbred female hog. 446: Yep. Interviewer: Okay. What do you hogs have on their backs? What do you call the hairs? On their back. 446: Bristles. Interviewer: Okay. What were the big teeth that the hog had? {NS} 446: We called them tushes. {NS} Interviewer: The thing that you put the food in for hogs to eat the long. 446: Trough {NS} Interviewer: Now if you had a pig and you wanted him to grow up to be a boar what would you say you were going to do to him? 446: Castrate him. Interviewer: Okay, did you use any other word. 446: Marking. Interviewer: Okay, anything else? {NS} The, the reason why I'm asking is I know over at the Holmes' they say cut. 446: #1 Cut him. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # The noise made by a calf when it has been when it is being weened you say the calf began to. 446: {D: brate}. Interviewer: The gentle noise made by a cow during feeding time the cow began to. 446: Moo. Interviewer: Did you use another word for moo? 446: blow Interviewer: Okay. The gentle noise made my a horse. The horse began to. 446: Bray. Interviewer: Oh Okay. Did you use another word? Or, or maybe a softer sound than braying. {NS} Okay. A hen on a nest of eggs is called what kind of hen? 446: Sitting hen. {NS} Interviewer: The place where hens live was called the chicken. 446: Chicken house. Interviewer: Did you use another word for it? 446: No. Interviewer: Did you ever use coop? 446: Not without, it was just a small, little small pen. Maybe just to put two or three in and break them from sitting. It would be called a coop. Interviewer: What did you put what did you call little chicks? 446: Bitties. Interviewer: Okay. Used to come home every spring or every spring my mother would order hundreds of bitties from Sears and Roebuck hey keep it in the kitchen two weeks. And she'd tell us if we touched them they'd die and that'd keep us from touching. They'd chirp all night long. Then we'd have fried chicken all summer. When you eat one of the chick What is the part that the children like to have so they can pull it a part to see how it can break? 446: pulley-bones Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else? 446: No. Interviewer: What do you call that larger piece and what does it mean when it's broken? Did you have a special name for the larger piece or the smaller piece? 446: Wishbone. Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, what did it mean? The person who got the bigger piece. 446: Oh Uh the one that got the bigger piece would marry first. Interviewer: What do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you eat? The liver, the heart, the gizzards and so. What do you call those chicken parts? When you Uh the chicken parts. Liver and gizzard. Do you have a special name for those, you use them say to make dressings. 446: Giblets. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Did you have a special name for the inside part of the pig or calve that you would eat? The same kinds of things but from a pig or calve. Would it have a different kind of name? {NS} 446: Let's see, the heart the gizzards. I don't know what to get I don't reckon I did gizzards in a {NS} no, no they wouldn't. Interviewer: Oh What did you call the lining of the intestines in the pig when it was cooked. What did you call that? 446: The chitlins. Chitlings. Interviewer: Did you ever eat those? 446: Not when I was small. Interviewer: #1 I bet you loved them but they stunk so bad. Oh I hated the smell of it. # 446: #2 I had. Bet I did too. Yes. # Interviewer: Mother fixed me a pound 446: After I got married I could uh eat them a little bit and fixed the different than the way mama fixed them. Interviewer: Mother boiled them. And then she fried them. 446: Um mama boiled them but I don't remember what she done to them then but I could eat them if I milled them and fried them. Interviewer: But mother boiled them then she milled them and fried them. When it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you say it's time to. 446: Get through. Interviewer: Okay this is different things you would use to call the animals to come in. Uh what would you use to call the cows in? 446: {X} Interviewer: Can you do it again? 446: {D: boy}. Interviewer: What would you use to call the pigs in? 446: Pig, pig.{C: calling out} Interviewer: Did you ever say soo-y? How did you say it? 446: Soo-y.{C: calling out} Soo-y.{C: calling out} Pig.{C: calling out} Interviewer: What would you say to a cow to get her to stand still while you were milking her? 446: {D: suh} {D: suh} Interviewer: What about calling the calve? Did you call {D: hepper}. 446: Go sit.{C: calling out} Go sit.{C: calling out} Go sit.{C: calling out} Interviewer: What would you say to amuse the horses to make them go left? 446: Haw. Interviewer: To make then go right? 446: Gee. {NS} Interviewer: Uh When you were calling horses in did you have a special way of calling them? Or did you horses or moos either one. What do you say to a horse to urge him on say you're in a wagon and you want the horse to go faster you say. 446: Come up. Interviewer: #1 What would you say. # 446: #2 I'd say get up. # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 446: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: What would you say to stop him? 446: {D: woah}. Interviewer: If you were backing him into the buggy would you say anything special? {NS} Interviewer: Didn't have sheep. 446: {D: Silly yee}. Interviewer: Would you do silly silly? 446: Mm. Silly silly. Interviewer: Okay. You didn't have sheep so you didn't have a special call for sheep. Okay, when you were going to feed your chickens what did you say? 446: Chick. Chick. Chick. Chick. Chick. Chick. Interviewer: If you want to get the horses ready to go somewhere you say {NS} I want to. Do what to the horses? 446: Hitch 'em up. Interviewer: Okay. When you're plowing what do you call the things that you {D: drive} the mules with? Those things that come down the side and you hold them. 446: Plow lines. Interviewer: What do you put your feet into when you're riding horseback? 446: Stirrup. Interviewer: You have two horses the horse on the left is called what kind of horse? Or you had this when you {D: used to}. 446: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you have the term lead horse or lead mule? 446: #1 I say we didn't have two. # Interviewer: #2 You just used one. # 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If something is not right in your {D:hen} you say it's just a little. 446: Over there. Interviewer: If it's not right close you say it's just right. 446: It's just Interviewer: {D: did} what did you say? 446: It's just over there. Right over there. Interviewer: You have been traveling and have not finished your journey you might say that you have a blank to go before dark. How would you say that? 446: A good distance to go. Interviewer: Did you ever say a good piece or a good way? 446: The the piece. Interviewer: And how would you say that? 446: Have a good piece to go. Interviewer: If something is very common and you don't have to look for it at a special place you would say that you could find it just about. 446: Anywhere. Interviewer: Uh. When you were growing up and you were playing games can you recall any of those games that you played as a child? 446: Six sticks. Interviewer: And how did you play six sticks? 446: Well we would have so many on one side line so many on the other side of the line and have sticks six sticks. And at each place. And the ones on the right may be {D: dunked off} to try to get the sticks up on the left side. And if they could get it run back across the line without being tagged. Alright but if they were tagged they had to get out of the game. Interviewer: Okay, what other games did you play? 446: Hmm. Handkerchief. Interviewer: #1 Drop the handkerchief. # 446: #2 Drop the handkerchief. # Just form a circle hold hands. And now I don't know whether we held hands or not it's been so long {C: laughing}. But uh um one would go around and drop the handkerchief behind one more and then the the big one we'd call him the mush pot. And that one would try to grab the handkerchief from behind the other one before it could and if it did that one had to get in the mush pot. Interviewer: Did you have any games that were seasonal like did you play marbles in the spring and spin tops at a special time of the year. 446: Uh I don't know about the special time of year but I did play marbles. Interviewer: What kind of marbles did you play Could you play for keeps? 446: Uh-huh. With my brothers. Interviewer: #1 But that wasn't counted gambling. # 446: #2 Uh-uh. No. # #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Could you play for keeps with other people? # 446: Well I never did I just played with my brothers and sister {NS}. Interviewer: Did you have a uh play a game called bouncing board? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Tell us about that. 446: Well one would {NS}. Put a plank on a block or something and one would get on each end and jump bounce down and then they'd throw the other one up um and that that would come up. It was a lot of fun. {NS} Interviewer: Uh girls play this mostly or was it both a boys and girls game? 446: Well at school it was mostly girls. Interviewer: #1 But at home the boys would play. # 446: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Uh. After supper on summer nights were their special kinds of games you would play? 446: I don't remember. This long {C: laughing}. Interviewer: What kind of ball did you play? 446: Um. We'd um play {D: halo} {X}. Interviewer: And how'd you play that? 446: Do it over the house. Hmm then went on the other side to catch it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 446: #1 And if you'd caught it you'd run, run around the house. # Interviewer: #2 But didn't you have to. # 446: #1 To try to take it. {NS}. # Interviewer: #2 Didn't you have to say something before you threw the ball? # What did you have to say? 446: I just don't remember if we said {D: hail over or hell over}. Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 446: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 But you had to the use another person on the other side. # 446: #2 {X}. Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Did you teach your children some of those games? Did they play the same games when they were growing up? 446: Uh. Yes, they did. Interviewer: #1 Did you teach them or did other children teach them? # 446: #2 Yes. # I, I imagine I taught them that throwing it up throwing it over the house. Interviewer: Can you think of any other games right now. Well when you were in school did you have PE or at recess did you just go out and play without the supervision of a teacher? 446: Well after I got in high school we had P-E. Interviewer: But in grammar school you just had free play. 446: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 And the children organized their own games to play. # 446: #2 Yes. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Did you ever play anything called fox and dogs or fox and hounds? 446: No. Interviewer: We played that when I was growing up a lot. Okay, we're going onto crops now. If you have a good yield you say we raised a big. 446: Crop. Interviewer: If you got rid of all the brush and trees on the land you say you did what? 446: Cleared it. Interviewer: What do you call those trenches that are cut by a plow? That are their plowed. 446: Furrows. Interviewer: Okay. The stack that cut into {D: crow broil} grass is called what? You have a special name for it other than second cutting? 446: No I don't. Interviewer: The weight of crown is tied up into a. 446: Bundle. Interviewer: Okay. The bundles or sheaves are piled up into. Did you have a special name for what you called 446: #1 Stacks. # Interviewer: #2 cotton? # #1 Okay. # 446: #2 Yep. # Interviewer: We racked forty flights of wheat to an acre. 446: Bushels. Interviewer: What had you got to do with oaks to separate the grain from the rest of it? 446: Thrash it. Interviewer: Did y'all do that? Or. 446: Uh Dad raised some rice one time and he'd carry it to a mill and had it threshed. Interviewer: Did it turn out good? 446: Yeah it had a good bit of husk in it. Interviewer: If a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say two miles is he could go. 446: As far as he could go. Interviewer: If something belongs to you you say it's. 446: Mine. Interviewer: If it belongs to both of us you say it's. 446: Ours. Interviewer: If it belongs to them you would say. 446: It's theirs. Interviewer: If it belonged to him you would say. 446: His. Interviewer: It belonged to her. 446: Her. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. People have been to visit you and they are about to leave. You say to them. Okay, we're at the door and I'm leaving and what what do you usually say when people start to leave? You don't usually say goodbye you say what? 446: Y'all come back. Interviewer: Okay. 446: #1 That's usually what you say isn't it? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Now somebody has been to a party and starts to leave and you were asking about the routes you would say where are? If you were asking about somebody's coats and you wanted to know where their coats were. You would say where are? 446: Where are the coats? Interviewer: But if you wanted to show that it belongs to this person you would say where are? Alright, the coats belonged to that person and you would want to say. Alright say they're two or three people and they have coats and you want to know where they coats are you would say where are. Would you say where are the coats? Or where are something else. 446: Where are the coats? Interviewer: Okay. You wouldn't say where are your coats? Or would you ever say where are y'alls coats? 446: I imagine it'd be y'all. Interviewer: #1 How would you say it then? That, that sounds natural now. # 446: #2 {NS}. Where's y'alls coats? {NS}. # Interviewer: #1 {NS}. # 446: #2 {NS}. # Interviewer: Asking about people at a party and you want to know who had been there. How would you ask that question? Say I came in from a party and you wanted to know who had been there you would say what? 446: Who all were who all was at the party? Interviewer: Okay. When you're asking about a speakers remarks. Or say I've been to church and you want to know what the preacher said and I came in you would say. 446: What did the preacher Interviewer: Say. 446: Say. Interviewer: Would you ever say what all did the preacher say? Which way would you be more likely to say it? 446: What all did the preacher say today? Interviewer: I know that's what I say. What is made of flour baked in loaves? 446: Bread. Interviewer: When it is made to rise with yeast you call it what kind of bread? 446: Yeast bread. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the loaf of bread that you buy in the store what do you call it? 446: Loaf bread. Interviewer: Did you ever call it something else when you were were younger? 446: Light bread. Interviewer: {NS}. In speaking about different kinds of bread why don't you just tell me about the different kinds of breads you've made. Yeast uh made with uh wheat made with cornmeal. Any kind you make just. 446: Corn cornbread. Interviewer: How do you make cornbread? 446: Out of meal. Interviewer: And what uh how do you do it? 446: {NS}. Interviewer: Do you make it the same way all the time? 446: Hmm mm- mostly. Interviewer: Okay, how do you usually make it? 446: I use cornmeal and put just a little bit of flour in it eggs and {D: you separize} {D: separize} the meal but I have to put a little little bit of flour to keep it from being so crumbly. And put in egg and milk and a little bit of grease. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of pan do you cook in? 446: Uh mostly a little small iron fry. Interviewer: #1 Okay, does it taste better when it's cooked in an iron pan? # 446: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. # Interviewer: Do you ever make yeast bread of any kind? 446: Sometimes I make rolls. Interviewer: Do you make biscuits? 446: #1 Yes. Sometimes # Interviewer: #2 How do you make that? # 446: I very seldom cook biscuits now since all my family's gone. Interviewer: How do you make biscuits? 446: Well now I stir them with a spoon. Interviewer: How did you 446: But I used to put hand in them {NS}. Interviewer: {NS}. Did you ever make donuts? 446: I have a few times. Interviewer: How were those different? From the other kinds of bread. 446: You fry it. I fried mine. Interviewer: Did did you dip them in sugar or? 446: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Sometimes you make up a batter and you fry three or four of these at a time. You cook them on a flat service on top of the stove. What do you call those? 446: Well I call them pancakes now but I used to call them fritters. {NS} Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever call them anything else? 446: Um. Just said pancakes and. Interviewer: Did you ever call them hotcakes? 446: No. Interviewer: The Holmes' call them hotcakes. 446: Mm-hmm. Flapjacks I have called them flapjacks. Interviewer: You went to the store to buy blank of flowers. 446: Sack. Interviewer: What would you use to make the bread that is not baked in powder or salt and you want it to rise but you don't want to use baking powder. What's the other thing you can use to make your rolls rise? 446: Yeast. Interviewer: What do you call the inside part of the egg? 446: The yolk. Interviewer: What are the two parts of the egg? 446: The yolk and the white. Interviewer: {NS}. What color would you say the yolk of the egg is? 446: Orange I reckon {NS}. Interviewer: Is there another word you use? The ones that you buy in the store now that are paler. What color are they usually? 446: They would be more of a yellow I reckon. Interviewer: If you cook eggs in hot water what do you call them? 446: Poach Poached. Interviewer: Well it you cook it okay poached is. 446: Poached. Interviewer: When they are without the hole right? Or the shell. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now if you cook them in their shell what do you. 446: Boiled. Interviewer: Boiled what? 446: Boiled eggs. Interviewer: {NS}. You went ahead and answered the next one about poached eggs. Uh fat salt pork is called what? 446: White meat. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the salt or sugar cured meat you might boil with greens? Is that the same thing? 446: Is it fat? Interviewer: #1 Yeah it's fat uh-huh. # 446: #2 Without the leaves. # Now there's a fat back. Interviewer: Is that what you would call that? 446: I, I think so. Interviewer: What if it had no lean on it at all? 446: That, that'd be fat back. Interviewer: Okay. If it had a little bit of lean what would you call it? 446: Salt meat. Interviewer: Did you ever call it strip of lean? 446: I don't remember doing that. Interviewer: When you cut the side of a hog what did you call it? 446: Middlings. Interviewer: The kind of meat that you buy slice thin to eat with eggs in the morning. 446: Bacon. Interviewer: The outside of the bacon is called what. 446: The rind. Interviewer: The kind of meat you buy that is sliced thin to eat with eggs. When you slice it yourself do you still call it bacon? 446: Still call it bacon. Interviewer: The kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain that's stuffed in what do you call that? It's ground up pork meat. And it's stuffed in little casings what do you call that? 446: Sausage. Interviewer: Okay. Is there another kind of sausage? 446: There's uh pan sausage. Interviewer: Did you call it something else? 446: Sausage balls. {NS}. Interviewer: Did you ever call it patty sausage? 446: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The person that you buy your meat from is called what? 446: I just get mine at the grocery store I believe. {NS} At the meat market. Interviewer: If the meat has been kept too long and it's gone bad what would you say it's done. 446: It's rancid. Got rancid. Interviewer: Okay. After you butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from it's head. when you were growing up? 446: We'd call it {D: safs}. Interviewer: Okay. 446: I reckon it'd be hog head cheese wouldn't it. Or {D: sass}. Interviewer: What do you call the dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver. Did you ever do that? 446: {NS}. Interviewer: Did you ever make anything out of hog blood? 446: No. Interviewer: {NS}. Did you ever take the juice of the head cheese or the liver sausage and stir it up with cornmeal maybe some hog meat and cook it? 446: No. Interviewer: Suppose you kept the butter too long and it didn't taste good. What would you call the taste to describe the butter. If you kept it too long. You'd say the butter is. 446: Rancid. Um. Interviewer: Thick sour milk that you keep on hand is called. 446: Buttermilk. Interviewer: Before it's buttermilk what would you call. 446: Clabber. Interviewer: What do you make from the {X}. 446: Buttermilk. Interviewer: What is baked in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on top? 446: Pie. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of pie did you. 446: Apple pie. Interviewer: You ever call it cobbler? 446: Cobbler. Yes. Interviewer: Food taken between regular meals you'd call. 446: Snack. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else? 446: No. Interviewer: I will blank breakfast at 7 o'clock. 446: Eat. Interviewer: Yesterday at that time I had already. What you say naturally. 446: Eat. I had already eaten. Interviewer: Okay. Last week I blank breakfast everyday. 446: Ate. Interviewer: What do you people usually drink for breakfast the hot stuff. 446: Coffee. Interviewer: How do you make coffee? Do you use instant? 446: #1 I use instant. {NS}. # Interviewer: #2 How did you want to make coffee? # 446: I just you had a little percolator and then put it in you know the top part water in the bottom let it perc. Interviewer: Did you ever grind your own coffee? 446: I never did but mama did when I was a child. Interviewer: What do you drink when you're thirsty? 446: Water. Interviewer: What do you drink it in? 446: A glass. Interviewer: The glass fell out of the sink and. 446: Broke. Interviewer: You might say I didn't it but somebody else has that glass. 446: I didn't break break it. Interviewer: But somebody else has. 446: Broken it. Interviewer: If I asked you how much did you drink you'd say I a lot of it. I If I. 446: Drunk a lot of it. Interviewer: Okay. Then you might ask me how much have you. 446: Drank. Interviewer: You sure do blank a lot of water. 446: Drink. Interviewer: When dinner is on the table and the family's standing around waiting to begin what do you say to them? 446: Dinner's ready. Interviewer: Okay. Somebody comes into the dining room and you ask him or comes into the living room and you say won't you. 446: Sit down. Interviewer: Okay. So then he. 446: Sits. Interviewer: No one else was standing they had all. 446: Sat. Interviewer: Do you just say sat or do you say sat down. 446: Sit they had all sat down. Interviewer: Okay. If you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed you say you're sitting at the table with the potatoes are here and uh you say to somebody wanting them to get the potatoes what would you say to them? 446: Would you pass the potatoes? Interviewer: Do you ever say help yourself to the potatoes? 446: Oh yes. Interviewer: How do you say that? 446: Just just help yourself. Interviewer: So he went ahead and. 446: Helped helped himself. Interviewer: Since he had already since he had already blanked himself I ask him to. 446: Help himself. Pass them to me. Interviewer: If you've decided to not eat something you'd say I don't instead of saying I don't want any you should say I don't. 446: Care for any. Interviewer: Okay. Perhaps you had something more than you could eat for Sunday dinner. Monday you would eat and you'd say you were having. 446: Leftovers. Interviewer: You put your food in your mouth and then you begin to. 446: Chew. Interviewer: Did you ever make a kind of pudding made out of cornmeal and water. 446: No. Interviewer: You didn't make anything called mush? 446: #1 No, I didn't know how. # Interviewer: #2 Mrs. Holmes' made that. # What are the homegrown things that grow in the garden? 446: Peas. Corn. Okra. Tomatoes. Pepper. Interviewer: Did you have an overall name for all of those? 446: Vegetables. Interviewer: A small pot near the house where you might grow vegetables is called what? 446: A garden. Interviewer: Did you ever make when you were growing up something out of corn that you soaked in wine dried and it turned white. What did you call that? 446: We called it lighted corn then. It's {X}. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what do you call the stuff that you cook for breakfast that's ground up corn. 446: Grits. Interviewer: Do you know the expression S-T-L-O stlo. Have you ever heard of that? Uh what are some of the names for the alcohol that men make out in the woods then sell without paying taxes on it? 446: Moonshine. Interviewer: Any other names? 446: White lightning. Interviewer: Anything else? 446: Whiskey {X} Interviewer: You want to say something is real you say this is not an imitation it's. 446: Real. Interviewer: Did you use another word? Something that you might see written on the inside of a leather belt it would say what kind of leather? 446: Imitation. Interviewer: #1 Well it's to show # 446: #2 No. # Interviewer: that it's not an imitation it would have what other word? 446: All leather. Something like on the belt. Interviewer: Did you ever use genuine? 446: Genuine. Interviewer: #1 And how you would say that? # 446: #2 {NS}. # Genuine. Interviewer: What do you call the stuff that you make out of {D:mayhaws}, and water, and sugar. 446: Jelly. Interviewer: What do you put on the table to season food that you have in shakers. 446: Salt. Pepper. Interviewer: There are some apples and a child wants one he says. 446: Can I have one? {X} may I have one? {NS} Interviewer: It wasn't those boys it must've been one of. It wasn't these boys it must've of been one of. 446: Those. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever say them boys? Or them there boys? 446: I may just said one of them them boys. And their boys. Interviewer: If you're going to something that's a good ways off you might say it's. 446: It's a good good distance. A good ways off. Interviewer: #1 Would you ever say it's over yonder? # 446: #2 It's. Over yonder. # Over yonder. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You have a lot of peach trees you have have of peach trees growing out in the place or you have a lot of pecan trees what. 446: #1 Have an orchard. # Interviewer: #2 do you call them? # Okay. When I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy who was. 446: Well off. #1 He's rich. # Interviewer: #2 Did you? # Okay. Did you use any other words for rich or well off? 446: Hmm. Interviewer: Inside a cherry the part that you don't eat is called what or what do you call it? 446: I the pit. Interviewer: #1 Did you ever call it pitted seed? # 446: #2 Seed. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Did you ever call it a stone? 446: No. Interviewer: Just a pit or a seed. What do you call that thing inside the peach? 446: Seed. Interviewer: Okay. The kind of peach that that flesh clings to the stone or to the seed when you pit it what do you call that kind of peach? Does it have a different name from the kind of peach that just falls away from the seed? 446: I believe it's called a press. Interviewer: Is that what you call it? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the other kind that just falls apart? 446: Let's see. Clear seed. Interviewer: Did you have a clear seed peaches when you were growing up? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call that part of the apple that you throw away? 446: The core. Interviewer: The kind of nut that you pull out of the ground and boil a roast is. 446: Peanuts. Interviewer: What other kinds of nut trees did you have growing here? 446: Pecan. Pecans. Interviewer: How do you say that usually? 446: Pecans. Interviewer: Okay, any other kinds? 446: That has nuts on it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 446: Walnut. Hick hickory nuts. Interviewer: Any other kinds? 446: #1 That'll be it all. # Interviewer: #2 Did you have chestnuts here? # 446: Well uh I never did but now some people some have. Interviewer: The kind of fruit that grows in Florida if there are not any left you say that the what are all gone. Things that are shaped like this. 446: The oranges. Interviewer: Are what? 446: Are all gone. Interviewer: What do you call those small red root vegetables that grow real fast in the garden they're little round ones. 446: Radishes. Interviewer: What do you call those round red things that we slice and eat raw from the garden. 446: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Okay. The little tiny tomatoes like {NS} okay. What do you call the small tomatoes this size? 446: Tommy toes. Interviewer: Have any other words for them? Okay. Are tommy toes always volunteer tomatoes? Do they just come up on their own or do you plant them? 446: Uh. I plant them. They will come up on their own if you {NS} you know leave them for some to get in the ground uh. Interviewer: What do you call that plant that grows in the garden that has a bulb a white bulb or yellow bulb at the bottom and a long real. 446: Onion. Interviewer: What do you call the stuff that grows in the garden that stings you when you cut it little green. 446: Okra. Interviewer: What different kinds of beans do you have? 446: Butter beans and string beans or snap beans. Interviewer: And what's the different in the two? 446: In the string beans and snap beans? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 446: Well the string bean has when you break them in two they'll have, little strings on the side. Interviewer: And you eat the pot with the bean. You eat the whole thing. You don't shell it out. 446: Uh-uh no. Interviewer: Okay. Now with the butter bean you shell it right. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a mess of. 446: Turnips. Interviewer: Do you call them turnip greens? 446: Turnip greens. Interviewer: If you have seven boys and seven girls or just a large number of boy and girls you would say you had a whole what of children? 446: Bunch of children. Interviewer: Would you ever say passel? 446: Passel. Interviewer: Did you say that? 446: I don't remember saying passel. {NS}. I've heard it but I I don't remember saying it. Interviewer: The outside of an ear of corn is called what? 446: The husk. Chuck. Interviewer: Or which do you use the husk or the shuck? 446: The shuck. Interviewer: Did you hear people saying husk when you were growing up? 446: I reckon so that's what {NS}. Interviewer: What is the kind of corn that you eat on the cob? Do you have a special name for it? 446: Just corn on the cob is what I always called it. Interviewer: What do you call the top of the corn stalk? You say the corn is beginning to. 446: Tassel. Interviewer: What do you call the stringy stuff that comes out of the end of corn shucks? 446: Silk. Interviewer: The kind of small yellow crook necked vegetable that. 446: Squash. Interviewer: What kinds of melons did you raise? 446: Watermelon. Interviewer: The yellow kind. 446: Mm-hmm. Sometimes I raised pine melons when they just come up. Interviewer: #1 What were they like? # 446: #2 Ball and thick. # They were hard they looked like a watermelon but they're so hard you can't cut them. Interviewer: What did you do with them? {NS}. 446: Well I just threw them I throw them away. I have uh mama has made uh preserves out of it. Interviewer: Did you ever grow the kind that was small and yellow? 446: Cantaloupe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or did you call it something else? Did you ever call it muskmelon or mushmelon? 446: Well there's difference in them cantaloupe and a mush muskmelon. I used to say mush melon I know when I was small. Interviewer: What was the difference in them? 446: They were yel- more yellow and kind of long and yellow. Interviewer: They weren't round. 446: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. {NS}. What springs up in the wood and fields after it rains and it just comes up overnight those little short things what do you call those? You'd walk back and we'd go to a place where logs log rotted or there are leaves}. 446: Mushroom. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have any other names for them? 446: Toadstool. Interviewer: Did you remember seeing the little round thing that had the black stuff in the middle? #1 When you'd pop it like, like this to come out. # 446: #2 {NS} come out. # Interviewer: What did you call that? 446: I always called them mushrooms. Interviewer: Did you ever call it the devil's {X}. 446: No. Interviewer: We had a we had those at home but we called them devil {X}. If a man had a sore throat so the inside of his throat is all swollen you'd say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't. 446: Swallow. Interviewer: Okay. Can you no I. I ask if you can do something and you you answer no I. 446: Can't. Interviewer: Then they ask you about sundown to do some work and you say I got up to work before sunup and I all I'm going to do today. Okay If I asked you to do something you don't want anything else you say I got up before sunup and I've been working all day and I what. You're ready to quit work and you say what? 446: I'm not going to do anything else I'm tired. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 446: #2 {NS}. # Interviewer: A boy got a whipping you say he did it I bet he did something he. 446: Shouldn't have. Interviewer: Will you do it no I. 446: Won't. Interviewer: When you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your friend was standing around while that happened you say to the friend you You want to indicate something free and {X} how would you say that? 446: You couldn't have helped me. Interviewer: Okay. Suggesting the compatibility of being able to do something you'd say I'm not sure but I. You think you might be able to do it. 446: But I will try. Interviewer: Okay. If it quits raining by Thursday I blank get the yard work finished. 446: Might get the. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the kind of bird that can sing in the dark and sometimes when you were little hear it calling out and sounds real faint what do you call that? Had the big eyes. 446: Owl. Interviewer: Okay. If it's making a funny kind of noise. Do you have two kinds of owls here? 446: Called a hoot owl. Interviewer: #1 And do you have another kind? # 446: #2 It's called a horn owl. # Interviewer: Do you have anything called a screech owl? 446: Screech owl mm-hmm. Interviewer: The kind of bird that drills holes in trees What do you call that? 446: Woodpecker. Interviewer: Did you ever call it peckerwoods. 446: Peckerwood yeah. Interviewer: The kind of black and white animal with a powerful smell. 446: Old cat. Or skunk. Interviewer: What would you call animal that lays in hen roofs? 446: Call it a possum. Interviewer: Okay. Did you have a name that would include any kind of animal that came to the hen house? You'd if you didn't know what kind of animal it was you weren't sure it was a possum you'd say a some something got in the hen house last night what would you call that? 446: Just some animal. Interviewer: Would you ever day varmint? 446: Varmint yes varmint. Interviewer: What kinds of squirrels do you have around here? 446: Red {NS}. Red- gray squirrels. And red squirrels. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have anything sort of like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees? Do you have any chipmunks around here? 446: No. Interviewer: What do pearls grow in? 446: Oysters. Mussels. Interviewer: What croaks in the marshes? 446: Frogs. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of frog would that be in the marshes? 446: Bullfrog. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call the little frog that you see in the screen hopping around on the land. 446: Toad frog. Interviewer: Okay. Is there any difference in the brown frog hopping around on the land and those little green frogs on land. Do you have a different name for those? 446: The little green frogs I always called them rain frogs. Interviewer: Okay. They come out after a rain. 446: Mm-hmm. I found one in in here the other night. When I was sweeping the floors, flowers, {X}. falling on the floor I got the broom and begin to sweep and I got down to that door there and I saw little green thing and I took my broom and I just kept raking it thought it was a part of that flower and it never I never could get it off the floor and I picked it stooped down to pick it up and it jumped and went toward my bed {C: laughing}. Interviewer: Did you get it out? 446: I lost it. Interviewer: #1 So it's still in the house. # 446: #2 No I lost it that # for a short time then and I just kept a hunting and kept a hunting finally picked up some more bedroom shoes sitting there side the bed and it hopped I found it it hopped in and I didn't know what went with it. And I just give up. And later I come back to through shut the front door and it was up here in the floor. And I had a dust cloth in my hand and I done it done it went and caught it and took it out on the porch Opened it up and took it by it's hind legs and sent it out in the yard. Interviewer: {NS} Angela and one of her friends uh this summer caught about a dozen lightening bugs and put it in our house at night and didn't tell us about it {NS}. 446: Oh yeah! Interviewer: Can you imagine waking up in the middle of the night and seeing those things lighting up in your bedroom. 446: Well you know I never Interviewer: #1 {X} # 446: #2 never saw # never see a lightning bug now. A long time ago it would just just everywhere you looked there's just flashing. Interviewer: We have a lot of them where we live. Just all over the place the kids after supper spend a lot of time catching them and letting them go. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: They sure filled our house with a lot of them. What do you call those things that you dig up to go fishing with? 446: Earth worms. Interviewer: What do you call the hard shell thing that can pull it step into it's shell it's head and legs what do you call that? 446: A gopher. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have other names for it? If it lives at the water what would you. 446: A turtle. Interviewer: Okay. The kind of thing that you find in freshwater streams it's got claws and when you turn it over a rock it often swims away backwards. 446: Crawfish. Interviewer: Did you ever call it craw {X}. 446: {X}. I believe I always called them crawfish. Interviewer: What do you call the small thinned housed animals with thin almost transparent shell that are caught by dragging {X} on the bottom of the {D: bay golfer} stream. At the fish market you might ask for a few pounds of they're the little pink things and you sometimes they're battered and fried. 446: Shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. The insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into it when you grab it the pattern comes off on your hands. It flutters. 446: Panel fly. Interviewer: #1 Did you ever call it something else? # 446: #2 Call it a moth. # Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the thing that gets in your woolen clothes and lay eggs lays eggs or eats up the woolen cloth. 446: Moths. Interviewer: This is a long thin bodied insect with a hard little beak and two pairs of shiny wings it hovers around swamp places or damp places and eats its own weight in mosquitoes it, it's long and #1 Yeah. # 446: #2 Mosquito fly. # Interviewer: What kind of stinging insects do you have? 446: Wasps. Bees. Yellow jackets. Ants. Interviewer: Do you have the kind that makes the big paper legs. {D: Do you have that?}. 446: Um. Every once in a while you can find one hornet. {NS}. Interviewer: I know that the homes that have hornets nests. 446: #1 I had one time this man gave it to me # Interviewer: #2 {X}. # 446: it was huge. He shot it down with his gun. Interviewer: #1 {D: Up it went in the tree.} # 446: #2 Didn't have any wasps in it did it? # Interviewer: #1 Uh hornets huh. # 446: #2 Or hornets or anything. # Interviewer: Now wasps usually they nest in the ground huh? 446: #1 Uh maybe that's build yellow jackets mostly. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah that's what I'm thinking about {X}. Uh what do you call that thing that makes its nest out of the dirt. You find it out on the. 446: Dirt dog. Interviewer: The things that fly around at night and bite sometimes they carry malaria. 446: Mosquitoes. Interviewer: What do you call those little tiny insects that you get on you when you go out blackberry picking and they suck the blood. 446: Ticks. Interviewer: But the smaller ones than the ticks that suck the blood and they turn red. 446: Chiggers. Interviewer: Did you ever call them red bugs? 446: Oh red bugs yeah chigger's a tick I think. Been a long time since I saw a red bug. Interviewer: #1 Oh we had them at our house. # 446: #2 {X} out on me. # Interviewer: When we moved in the back lot we had a lot of pines and pine straw. We had a miserable time. And we stayed pretty {X} because so many children and animals. What are the insects some green and some brown that hop along in the grass in the summertime. 446: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Did you ever call them {D: hoppergrass}? 446: #1 I never did but I've heard it uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Did you hear that? # What do you call the small fish that people use for bait or throw back in? 446: Minnows. Interviewer: What do you find stretched across the corners of the room that's made by spiders. 446: Spiderweb. Interviewer: The parts of the tree that grows underground is called. 446: The root. Interviewer: I don't know if you have this kind of tree here or not but I'm going to try it anyway. It's a tall shade tree with long white limbs and white sandy bark It's what Joe was it Joseph no in the bible. 446: Sycamore tree. Interviewer: Yeah, who climbed the sycamore tree? What Joe is it? That he climbed up to see Jesus. Can't think of his name. 446: I can't I just can't remember. Interviewer: But you have those growing here. 446: Uh-huh. Interviewer: That's how it seemed. What did George Washington cut down? 446: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Now I don't know if you have these here or not but we'll try it. This is the bush that grows along the road or by fences the leaves turn bright red early small clusters of berries or bobs used by old people in tanning leather growing on the bushes. You don't have that. 446: No I don't. Interviewer: We didn't have those growing at home either. What kind of berries do you have growing here? 446: Blueberries. Blackberries. Strawberries. Interviewer: Do you have huckleberries? 446: Huckleberries. They'll be in the woods. Most of the blueberries are tame. Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 446: #2 Down in the orchards. # Interviewer: And the strawberries are roaming the yards. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you have any raspberries? I haven't seen any growing here. 446: Well I just don't know what kind of those were down at this berry farm down here where the grape farm is one time when they first put the set that out they had some kind of berry. Interviewer: Were they good for making jam? 446: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Did you ever make them? 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you make just like blackberry jam? 446: {X} Interviewer: Some berries that you find growing you tell your children not to eat because they are. 446: Poison. Interviewer: What do you call the tall tree with large glossy green leaves that have the great big white flowers that smell so good. 446: Magnolia. Interviewer: You'd call it anything else? Did you ever heard it called anything else? 446: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called cucumber tree? 446: No. Have you? Interviewer: No (NS}. {NS}. {NS}. If a married woman doesn't want to make up her mind she says I must ask. 446: My husband. Interviewer: Did you ever refer to your husband in any other way? Did you call him something else other than my husband? 446: By his name. Interviewer: You didn't say my old man or anything. 446: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 else. # But you've heard people. 446: Yes I've heard people say that. Interviewer: Okay. If a man were to do the same thing he would say I must ask 446: The old lady. Interviewer: Is that what Sam used? 446: No never {NS}. Interviewer: A woman who has lost her husband is called. 446: Widow. Interviewer: Did you ever hear widow woman? 446: Yeah. {D: widow woman}. Interviewer: #1 But you don't use. # 446: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Now um A woman whose husband is dead is called a widow now what would the woman be called whose husband he just walked out and left her and he's still alive. 446: A grass widow. Interviewer: The man whose son you are is called your. The man that was in your house when you were growing up you called him your. 446: Daddy. Interviewer: Okay. But he was also your. 446: Father. Interviewer: Okay. And his wife is called your 446: Mother. Interviewer: Okay what did you call your mother 446: #1 Mama. # Interviewer: #2 when you were growing up. # Did you call her anything else? 446: No. Interviewer: {NS}. Your father and mother together are called your. 446: Parents. Interviewer: Your father's father is called your. 446: Grandfather. Interviewer: His wife would be your. 446: Grandmother. Interviewer: Okay. What did you call your grandfather when you were growing up. 446: Grandfather. Interviewer: Both of them? 446: I just had one. One of them was dead. Interviewer: What did you call your grandmother. 446: Uh Called one grandma and I called one ma. Interviewer: Just ma. I had a grandfather I used to call pop. Something on wheels that you put a baby in and has room to lie down and you wheel it around what would you call that? 446: A buggy. Um. Interviewer: Your children are your sons and. 446: Daughters. Interviewer: Your children are boys and. 446: Girls. Interviewer: If a woman is going to have a child you say she's. 446: Pregnant. Interviewer: Okay. What were polite terms that you'd use for that when you were growing up? 446: Expecting. Interviewer: Okay you use that nowadays. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Was there anything else? 446: I tell you what when I was young it wasn't talked about much. Interviewer: {NS}. 446: Like it is today. {NS}. Interviewer: Well are there any joking ways to talk about a person being pregnant. Like you look like you swallowed a watermelon seed. 446: Yeah. Interviewer: Anything else like that. 446: {X} Interviewer: If you don't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman who might come and deliver it would be called what. 446: Midwife. Interviewer: If the boy and his father have the same appearance you say the boy. 446: Looks like his father. Interviewer: If a woman has looked after three children until their grown up you say she has. 446: Raise raised them. Interviewer: A child was born to an unwant unmarried woman is called what? Y'all just didn't talk about it. 446: Ille- Interviewer: Illegitimate. 446: Illegitimate child. Interviewer: Did you call it anything else? Did you refer to it as a bastard? 446: Well when I was growing up I I didn't I never heard the word 'til I don't reckon 'til I was grown. But now then it would be referred to as. Interviewer: Your brother's son is called your. 446: Nephew. Interviewer: A child that's lost both it's father and mother is called a. 446: Orphan. Interviewer: A person appointed look after an orphan is it's 446: Guardian. Interviewer: If you have lots of cousins, nephews, and nieces around you'd say the county's full of my. 446: Relatives. Interviewer: Would you use any other word? 446: Kinfolk. Interviewer: Okay. Would you call your mother, your father, and your own children your kinfolk. If your saying kinfolks you call them your what? 446: {NS} Family or. Interviewer: #1 But you would never refer to them as kinfolk. They have to be cousins or aunts and uncles. # 446: #2 Uh-uh. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Yes yes the same family name and does look a bit like me but actually we're not. 446: Kin. Interviewer: The name of the mother of Jesus. 446: Mary. Interviewer: The name of George Washington's wife. 446: Martha. Interviewer: In the song eh you might not know this we'll try it wait till the sun shines. You've heard that? {NS}. {X} {NS}. 446: Nelly. Interviewer: The nickname for a little boy named William beginning with a B. 446: Bill. Interviewer: The first book of the New Testament. 446: Matthew. Interviewer: How would you say {X}. 446: Ms. Cooper. Interviewer: A preacher that's not really trained, doesn't have a regular pulpit, preaches on Sundays here and there, makes his living doing something else if he isn't very good at preaching you call him what kind of preacher? Okay. Uh Say a carpenter oh not be a very carpenter you might hire to build a chicken coup or something like that that wasn't really important you'd say he's what kind of carpenter? Did you ever use the term jackleg? 446: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Okay. And what did jack the jackleg mean? # 446: #2 Hmm hmm yeah jackleg. # Interviewer: #1 What I described to you. # 446: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Okay. Would yous? Could you call a preacher a jackleg preacher? Did you ever use that? Could you use the term with a lawyer or a teacher a governor or a doctor or would it just be with something like a carpenter? 446: Jackleg with a carpenter I think. Interviewer: What relation would my mother's sister be to me? 446: My aunt. Interviewer: What would you call the commander of the army? Be the top man Eisenhower always was. 446: Colonel. Interviewer: No, higher than colonel. 446: Navy. Interviewer: No higher than navy. The one that's up at the top. 446: Jimmy. Interviewer: The old gentleman who introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken what would you call him? Sanders. 446: Sand- Colonel Sanders. Interviewer: What would you call the man in charge of the {D: chill}. What would you call the top person on a football field. 446: Coach. Interviewer: No not the coach the one on the team. That he's the 446: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 what of the team? # Interviewer: Captain. Interviewer: The man who presides over the county court what do you call him? The one who sits up and he hears the cases. 446: Would be the judge. Interviewer: Okay. Someone who goes to a hospital is called a hospi-. 446: Pupil. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 446: #2 I reckon. # Interviewer: A boy or a girl in school is you you'd would refer to as a pupil now what would you call somebody who went to college would you still use pupil or would you use another word. 446: No we wouldn't use pupil but I just can't think {NS}. Interviewer: Would you call a person going to college a college student. 446: Yes student. Interviewer: #1 But you wouldn't use student in high school usually. # 446: #2 Uh. Uh. # Mm. Interviewer: #1 What would you you'd you'd okay. Would you use # 446: #2 Yes it would be a high school student. # Interviewer: uh what would you use with grammar school kid. You'd be more likely to use pupil. 446: Pupil right. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: A woman in an office who handles the boss's mail, schedules his appointments, and {X}. 446: Secretary. Interviewer: A woman who appears in plays, or movies, or on television is called what. 446: Movie star. Interviewer: {D: Events} do you use another word? Would you call her an actress? 446: Actress. Interviewer: Okay. Your nationality people who are born in the United States are what? 446: American. Interviewer: What do you call black people? 446: Negros. Interviewer: But you would be called what? 446: White. Interviewer: Would you have a special name for children born of {D: freshly} mixed people. A black and a white parents for instance. 446: No. Interviewer: Did you call them high yellows or mixed. 446: Just be mixed. Interviewer: The white people who aren't well off don't have much education and they are generally lazy how do you refer to those kinds of people? 446: Sorry. Interviewer: Did you ever call them white trash? 446: White trash. Interviewer: Did you ever say poor white trash? 446: Poor white trash. Poor white trash. Interviewer: If someone is waiting for you to get ready so that you can go out with him and he calls to you hey will you be ready soon you might answer I will be with you in. 446: In a minute. Interviewer: You know you're on the right road but you aren't sure the distance you ask somebody how. 446: Far is it. Interviewer: You're pointing out something nearby you say you point to it right here and you want somebody to look at it you say what. 446: Looky here. Interviewer: Okay. If you want to know how many times you say how blank do you go to town. 446: How many times {NW} do you go to town. Interviewer: You agree with a friend when he says I'm not going to do that and you say you agree with he says I'm not going to do that and what do you say. 446: I'm not either. Interviewer: What else would you say? We're just having regular conversation. 446: #1 And I say well I'm not going to. # Interviewer: #2 I don't blame you. # Do you ever say me neither? 446: Me neither {NS}. Interviewer: {NS}. 446: #1 Me neither. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} you say. # {NS}. What's this called? 446: Well I was raised to call it a fard. Interviewer: Okay. Is that what you still call it? 446: Yeah. Interviewer: That's what I call it too When you go to the barber you have your. 446: Hair cut. Interviewer: If you have a shaver for quite a while he might cut your or shave your. 446: Beard. Interviewer: Where did the old time store keeper keep his pencil when he wasn't using it? So that it would be handy. Where did he stick it sometimes? 446: Behind his ear. Interviewer: Okay. 446: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Which ear would he likely put behind it. # 446: His right one. Interviewer: #1 Okay if he's left handed where then would he put it? # 446: #2 I guess his left one. # Interviewer: If someone's moaning you say take that chewing gum out of your. 446: Mouth. Interviewer: He got a chicken bone stuck in his. 446: Throat. Interviewer: You wear a tie around your. 446: Neck. Interviewer: What do you call this little part of the neck right here? 446: Adam's apple. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else? 446: Goozle. {NS}. Interviewer: Does goozle mean just the Adam's apple or the whole throat or what? 446: Goozle means the whole throat. Interviewer: You have a dentist look at your. 446: Teeth. Interviewer: He says he needs to fill that. 446: Tooth. Interviewer: The flesh around the tooth. 446: Gum. Interviewer: What would call this part of your hand? 446: Palm. Interviewer: What would you call this? You make a I'm going to hit you with my. 446: Fist. Interviewer: Okay and two of them would be. 446: Fists. Interviewer: The places that bend on your body what would you call those? Those are your. Joints. 446: Joints I reckon. Elbow and wrists and. Interviewer: The upper part of a man's body is called his. From the waist up you'd say what. Would you refer to it as chest? 446: Chest I reckon so. Interviewer: You might say a man has broad. 446: Shoulders. Interviewer: How do you measure a horse? Is it in inches or feet? You say a horse has so many what high. 446: Feet. Yeah. Interviewer: What what would you call that? This is a. {NS}. 446: #1 I don't have horses {NS}. Or had. {NS}. # Interviewer: #2 A head. {NS}. # I think I'm making the wrong motion. Okay two of them would be two 446: Two hands. Interviewer: {X}. Okay what do you call this? 446: Legs. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and at the bottom is the. 446: Toes. Interviewer: #1 Or the. # 446: #2 Foot. # Interviewer: Okay and two would be called. 446: Feet. Interviewer: Uh what do you call this part of your leg? Right here. 446: The shin. Interviewer: You have got shin bones. 446: Shin bones. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else? 446: No. Interviewer: You didn't call it shints? 446: No. Interviewer: That's what my daddy called them. The shints. Okay if a person is going to squat down you might say he did what? 446: Squatted. Interviewer: Would you ever use hunkered down on his hunches? 446: #1 Well I I have I reckon. # Interviewer: #2 You've heard it. # That's what my daddy would say. He hunkered down on his hunches. Someone's been sick for a while gets up and about now but he still looks a bit. {NS}. 446: Pale or weak. Interviewer: Did you ever use any other word? Did you ever say peakk? 446: #1 You sure do look peaky today. # Interviewer: #2 You sure. Peaky. Mm-hmm. # If a man is very big and muscular and athletic you'd say he is very He sure is a what if he can pick up a lot of sacks of burlap. 446: Strong. Interviewer: Would you ever use another word? Would you ever say he's stout? 446: Stout. #1 He sure is a stout man. # Interviewer: #2 Stout man. # Somebody like a teenager whose all arms and legs and always stumbling over his own feet you'd say he's mighty. 446: Gainly. Interviewer: When you use the word coming about a person what does it mean? 446: Playing. Interviewer: It's not a a bad word for the person. 446: #1 No. Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 You're not putting him down. # If an old man is still very strong and active and doesn't show his age you'd say he's still quite. Very strong and active and doesn't show his age you might say he's still what. Or he's a. 446: Young. Interviewer: #1 {X}.{NS}. # 446: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: I don't want to go upstairs in the dark. I'm. 446: Scared. Interviewer: #1 Would you use any other word? # 446: #2 Afraid. # Interviewer: Did you always say scared or did you ever say {D: seered}? 446: I think I said scared scared. Interviewer: I don't understand why she's afraid now she. 446: Never has been. Interviewer: Okay. Uh She never has been afraid is that way would you say it? Somebody who leaves a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked you'd say he's miley mighty. 446: Brave. Interviewer: No. Let's see. He leaves a lot of stuff lying around and if were somebody come by and pick it up you'd say he's mighty. 446: Careless. Interviewer: There's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy but sometimes she acts kind of. 446: Goofy. Interviewer: Would you use any other words? 446: Queer. Interviewer: {D: Okay}. Somebody who makes up his mind and nothing could make him change it is mighty You'd You'd refer to somebody that you couldn't change in any way You'd say he sure is what kind of person? 446: Stubborn. Interviewer: Would you use any other words? Would you ever use set in his ways 446: #1 Set in his ways mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Pig or. What about pig headed? # 446: Well I probably say set in his ways #1 more. # Interviewer: #2 Would you say ornery? # 446: Yes. Interviewer: Bullheaded? 446: Bullheaded. Interviewer: {D: Yulehead}. Hardheaded. 446: Hardheaded. Interviewer: Somebody you can't joke with without him losing his temper you'd say is mighty somebody that you have to real careful about what you say to him so you don't hurt his feelings and you can't tease him because he can't take a joke you'd say his mighty what how would you describe him? Would you say he's real touchy? 446: Hmm. {D: I don't know}. {NS}. Interviewer: Would you ever use testy don't don't fool with him he's testy or touchy. 446: He's touchy. Interviewer: I was just kidding him. I didn't know he'd get. 446: Mad. Interviewer: Somebody is about to lose his temper you tell him just keep. 446: Cool. Quiet. Interviewer: You have been working very hard you'd say you are very. 446: Tired. Interviewer: Do you any other words for tired? 446: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Do you ever say tuckered out? 446: #1 I'm all tuckered out. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. I've said {NS} yeah. # 446: I've said I'm all tuckered out. Interviewer: Do you ever use whipped? 446: Whipped. Interviewer: I know the Holmes they say I'm whipped. 446: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Bushed. You'd ever used bushed? 446: No I don't really use bushed. Interviewer: #1 Petered out is what we used at home. We're petered out mm-hmm. # 446: #2 Petered out. Mm-hmm. Petered out I've said that too. # Interviewer: Pooped is what I've heard a lot of people use too. If she is sick today and it started last Sunday you'd say last Sunday she what sick? 446: Was sick. Interviewer: No. She's been sick a week and you want to say that last Sunday is when she started being sick you'd say last Sunday she. 446: Got sick. Interviewer: Would you ever say she took sick? Last Sunday she took sick. 446: I don't whether I said she took sick or not. {NS} Interviewer: {NS} have you heard that used? 446: I've heard it. Interviewer: If he has a cold today and it started last Sunday you'd say last Sunday he. 446: Took a cold. Interviewer: #1 So you'd use it like that. # 446: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: If it affected his voice he is. 446: Hoarse. Interviewer: I've got a little {NS}. 446: Cough. Interviewer: If the medicine is still by the patients beside you ask why has he hasn't. 446: Taken it. Interviewer: Okay. The patient might answer I some yesterday. 446: Took some yesterday. Interviewer: And I'll. 446: Take some today. Interviewer: If you can't hear anything you say you are stone. 446: Deaf. Interviewer: He begins to sweat when he started to work by the time he finished you'd say he a lot in the sun. 446: {X}. {X} talk about it. Interviewer: How many cows do you have now? 446: I just have um eight cows and a bull. Interviewer: Do you. 446: About twelve fifteen calves and heifers together. Interviewer: Do you take care of them by yourself with his help? 446: With his help mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you milk any of them? 446: No. My milk cow died. I hadn't milked cows until about ten years ago. But I really hadn't milked {X} since Sam died. Interviewer: So you just use them to make extra money. 446: Mm-hmm. Don't make much extra Interviewer: #1 Not right now you don't. # 446: #2 money. Now they've got they've got some # cheap {NS}. Interviewer: Okay we were talking about the person who worked real hard and he's sweaty by the time he finished working you'd say he did what a lot in the sun. He 446: Sweated. Interviewer: You've been working hard and you take your wet shirt off and you say look how I. 446: Sweated. Interviewer: Someone that comes on the back of the neck or on the body. {NS} Interviewer: So first of all I want to get just some General sort of information Um Your name 456: {B} Interviewer: How do you spell your 456: S-W-A-T-T-S Interviewer: And your address 456: {B} Interviewer: And the county 456: Gulf County Interviewer: And state 456: Florida Now Gulf County was um {NW} Was established in um Nearly fifty years ago we're celebrating the Uh In two years from now we are celebrating the Founding of Gulf County Interviewer: Hmm 456: So when um uh St Joe was born It was Calhoun County Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Where were you born? 456: #1 I was born here # Interviewer: #2 Just right # 456: The first girl Interviewer: First First newborn in Port St Joe 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Your age? 456: I was born in nineteen nine That was a year before the uh Railroad came Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: I believe it was in nineteen ten that the railroad came Interviewer: So that makes you sixty-four? 456: Mm-hmm Not quite But soon {NW} Interviewer: And Your occupation 456: Housewife Interviewer: Or the the work that 456: I did teach music Interviewer: Mm-hmm Was that In a school or 456: No just private lessons Interviewer: What the piano or 456: Piano Interviewer: Organ 456: And I helped with organ some but I didn't really teach it Interviewer: Mm-hmm And religion 456: Methodist United Methodist Church Interviewer: And um Tell me about the Your education um The schools you went to and If if you remember the names of the schools and 456: Well I only attended the schools in Port St Joe Um besides Florida State College for Women Interviewer: Mm-hmm What what was the first school you went to? Do you remember the name of it? 456: It was just Port St Joe School It was an elementary school to begin with Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did it have a high school here in #1 Port St Joe # 456: #2 Not in the beginning # It was uh #1 Several years later before we had a high school # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Did you Go to the high school or 456: Yes I attended the elementary school and the high school Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Was that just Port St Joe High School # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 Or was it Gulf County # 456: #2 Just Port St Joe # Interviewer: Okay {NS} Oh Then you went to Florida State College for Women? 456: That's right {NS} Interviewer: How long did you go there? 456: Two years {NS} Interviewer: And um I'd Sort of like to get an idea of um I guess you'd say your social contacts you know the How Uh How active you are in um Various organizations or You know if you've done like traveling or 456: Well I've always been active In church And school the women's work the church as well as the {X} And in school P-T-A I was on the state board P-T-A for ten years Interviewer: Hmm 456: And uh helping in the women's work in our church In the district and in the conference oh Oh many many years I don't know I don't know how long Interviewer: Mm-hmm What conference is this? 456: Alabama West Florida Conference Interviewer: Hmm 456: There are two districts in Florida that are in the Alabama Conference Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And # We now call it Alabama West Florida Interviewer: Hmm This Women's Work that 456: It uh our The name of has changed so many times through the years it is now United Methodist Women Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But For Several years it was Women's Society of Christian Service before that it was Woman's Society of Christian Service and then back there before that it was Woman's Missionary Society and even Beyond that it was uh Oh just a little local group you know #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: I think it was local And then it was called um Oh I forgot it I was never a member of that though But uh The women did quite a lot they were real active in the church Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: From the beginning Interviewer: Anything else that you're involved in Any 456: Well I've been um Worked quite a lot in Eastern Star Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we do not now have a woman's club but I was active in that While we had it I've been Uh real fortunate in Had the Having the privilege of attending um A number of meetings In my conference work you know judge work and have just returned from Cincinnati Monday Interviewer: Hmm 456: For uh After attending the assembly Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In Cincinnati This is uh It involves about ten thousand women And #1 We're the evangelicals # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Um Have you ever been active in Any political organizations around here Do they have those 456: No I have not Interviewer: I was just wondering if league of women voters or anything 456: #1 No we we don't really have that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: #1 Here # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # How much traveling have you done? 456: Well Not a whole lot with I attended the World Fair in Chicago A good many years ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um I've made Quite a few trips In connection with my church work My husband and I have made trips here and there Interviewer: Mm-hmm What what are some of the places you've been to 456: Well when oh uh our personal trips have been around the southern states Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Alabama North Carolina Arkansas and Oh Tennessee and just Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Mostly the southern states But In my church work I have been to #1 Houston not to Houston but to Dallas, Texas # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: A couple of times and to Uh Church camp Junaluska in North Carolina I was supposed to go to Nashville I was invited to serve as a counselor Vocation Weekend Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh Some time ago and I was not able to go because of being ill Interviewer: #1 Was this a # 456: #2 And I missed some other trips because of that # Interviewer: #1 The church or # 456: #2 This was a woman's society # #1 The women's work # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Sort of difficult to talk about the women's work what Because the name has changed the organization has changed two or three times Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh in the last few years And we Are now completely reorganized Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh this is the really the first year Of the new organization I am the first district president of the new organization Interviewer: Congratulations Uh I was Just Just wondering if um You know and I asked about the politics if Uh I've been reading in the newspaper about the Equal Rights Amendment 456: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 In Florida # So I was wondering if 456: Well we haven't been too busy uh about that Here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I think we I think most of us agree that uh There are certain rights that women should Have Maybe that We do not have but For the most part I think we're pretty happy as we are Interviewer: You don't Don't think there's much um Organization around 456: No there isn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Not so far as I know I've not been drawn into it Interviewer: Um And tell me some about your Your parents um Where was your mother born and 456: My mother was the daughter of a Baptist preacher and she was born in Georgia Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Um And uh Most of her folks Were in Georgia Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: My father Was a Floridian Oh course his folks His folks came from everywhere Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh he was the first settler in Port St. Joe And um he uh Lived in Iola Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 And uh around this area and the Wewahitchka area until we moved to Port St Joe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Do you know where he was born? 456: I think he was born in Iola Or he wasn't born in Iola but it was close It was close by there a Place they call Stone's Mill Interviewer: #1 I've seen that on a map uh-huh # 456: #2 Stone's Mill # Interviewer: #1 Your father was a Stone # 456: #2 My father was a Stone # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: {B} Interviewer: Hmm That um Is that in I What's now Gulf County 456: Yes it's in now it's in Gulf County now But so many of their folks were Around Blountstown Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Just about everybody in Blountstown's came to be I think Interviewer: {NW} 456: And uh there's a family burial place uh just down in Blountstown that's called um Chipola Interviewer: Hmm 456: And so there were a lot of our family In that area Interviewer: Do you know um Where your family came from before they came over to #1 To Florida # 456: #2 They came from England and # Uh some of them settled in Maryland and South Carolina And Uh we uh just this summer have started working on our genealogy and we still have a lot to learn Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But Interviewer: #1 Do you think you're mm-hmm # 456: #2 It's been most interesting # Interviewer: They settled in Maryland and South Carolina? 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 This is your father's # 456: #2 But # This is my father's uh Family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: My mother's uh family also came from England but I Don't know too much about them Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What about # 456: #2 But there are # Stone's everywhere cuz my great grandfather had twenty-nine sons and four daughters Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 456: #2 So that was # There are Stone's all over this country Interviewer: {NW} 456: And Whenever you see Uh {X} Um If they're real nice people {NW} they came to us Interviewer: {NW} 456: {NW} Cuz I know there are Stone's of all all kinds Interviewer: Uh-huh This uh This park down here is named for your family 456: Dedicated To my father named for my father mm-hmm {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: There are signs from uh Tallahassee all along the You know and from uh The other way through Um Blountstown you know and and like that way from Tallahassee There are many signs Interviewer: Hmm Would you know where um you said your mother was born in Georgia 456: #1 My mother was born in Georgia near Macon I believe # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What um What about your parents' education? 456: Well uh they were not highly educated My immediate parents neither of them was highly educated #1 They had # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Well I would say a little less than normal Interviewer: Would 456: They did have an education but they were not Interviewer: #1 Would you guess fifth or sixth grade or something like that? # 456: #2 They did not go to to college # My father went Oh no they went much higher than that But uh my father uh went to Business college after he was Interviewer: Hmm 456: Twenty-one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Columbus, Georgia Interviewer: Mm-hmm You'd guess then that your parents each had about an eighth grade education? 456: No really My mother I don't know just how much she had But I think she had more than he had he really didn't have a great deal Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And I don't know just how much he had Interviewer: Mm-hmm So it sounds Um It sounds like they had a Pretty good education for Back then if if he was able to go to business college later 456: Well he went to business college after he was twenty-one Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But he helped his father so much I I think his father was more interested in Was not as interested in education as my daddy was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Later on Cuz my daddy was determined that all of his children and grandchildren Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Should receive a college education And he worked toward that Interviewer: Did um Let's see What work did your parents do 456: My father was in turpentine Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: My mother was just a housewife I shouldn't say just a housewife because that's a big job Interviewer: {NW} 456: She had her hands full Interviewer: Yeah a lot of you children there 456: There were five children there would have been six but the first one died at six months Interviewer: What about um Your grandparents on your mother's side 456: I know very little about them They were As I said my Grandfather was a mass minister he was a baptist minister Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we're methodist But I only saw him when I was a tiny Tiny little girl and of course don't remember him And um Just never asked too many questions about Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Her people I know she had a lot of # Uh relatives and uh Oh We visited them At times well Bryant lives in Oh a lot of difference Melrose A bunch of names but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We did not keep as close touch in uh close touch with him as we did the people in this area Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you think your Your mother's parents were both born in Georgia 456: I uh think so I don't know how long they had been in Georgia Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And I don't know where they came from to Georgia #1 Except that they I know originally they came from England # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm Do you know what um How far they got in school or Anything like that 456: No I uh Don't know Interviewer: What about your um Father's Parents 456: Well my father's um I don't know just when they came to this area But one of them Stone's was given a land grant On the um {NS} Oh I don't know I don't even know where it was But that's what we're trying to find out now you know just uh More about our it's only recently that we've started Studying the genealogy of this family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They were prominent people In Maryland they were Friends of George Washington they were during the Revolutionary I mean the Beginning of the country you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And they were friends of uh Of uh George Washington and they were Inter married with Many of the leading families you know in America And we They just All all just scattered around Mm-hmm And then after they settled in Montgomery my grandfather Um my father's father was born Uh In Montgomery or in or In that area Interviewer: Montgomery, Alabama? 456: Uh-huh and he was the one we are not sure whether he was the great grandfather or the Grandfather That we are Working on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But He is the one who had twenty-nine He had seven wives Twenty-nine children Twenty-nine sons and four #1 I mean twenty-nine children all together # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: There were four daughters I believe in the family I think I made the wrong statement back earlier Twenty-nine all together now there is some disagreement about it There's one member of our family that says there were thirty-two {NW} But I think the twenty-nine is correct There would have been twenty-five sons and four daughters Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 And so twenty-nine # Interviewer: What um Do you think your your grandfather Is either your grandfather or your great grandfather was born in Montgomery 456: Yes And then they came uh he is buried Uh This His name was Henry either Jessie or Dessie Stone Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That Is something we're not sure about some of the family say it's Dessie and some say it's Jessie Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But we're sure he's the same one because it couldn't have been another one in that big family #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 456: But he is buried we know that he is buried in Iola Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we can't get there now except by boat It's just all grown up that area Interviewer: Hmm 456: And you can only reach it by boat Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about your your grandmother On your father's side 456: Uh my grandmother was a Yon Interviewer: #1 A what? # 456: #2 And # Y-O-N Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And the two families were Greatly intermingled Yon's and Stone's They married and intermarried Interviewer: Hmm 456: And #1 There was a lot of cousins marrying you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # That's That's kind of a Unusual name do you know what 456: Y-O-N No I don't know too much about that but I'm trying to find out Interviewer: Hmm 456: I know that the Yon's and the Yon family There are quite a few Terrell Higdon's and that was my dad's name Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And in the Stone family there were quite a few Interviewer: Hmm 456: It's a very popular name Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um But you don't know where your your grandmother was born 456: No In this area I think Probably around Blountstown Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But I don't know where the Yon's came from They are in Texas there are a lot of our people in Texas and then uh Um Atlanta Montgomery And I heard some yesterday in Birmingham I'm sure they came to us {NW} They would have to be everywhere Interviewer: Gosh 456: I've just gotten acquainted with some in Atlanta Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And Interviewer: Did you get to go up to Atlanta recently? 456: No Um I wrote I found uh Out about him through another cousin who is a new cousin Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And he has a son who Lives in Orlando That is uh Working on the family history Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I've not yet contacted him but plan to do so soon Interviewer: Sounds pretty interesting Just this Meeting all #1 The relatives that you never # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # #1 We've # Interviewer: #2 Met before # 456: #1 Visited some of the graveyards you know when we've gotten some information there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: {NW} Interviewer: Are you active in the historical society? 456: Oh yes We have a small historical group here just twelve members Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh it is limited to twelve members Our bylaws provide that And of course we do try to keep active members Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In the group When people can't be active Uh they resign and we elect others Interviewer: Hmm Did you do much work uh at the museum Or 456: #1 You talked with Ms Brant some # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: And she can tell you more about the historical society at the museum than anyone else because #1 She worked there for many years I'm sure she told you that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: But the society has uh Has backed quite a lot of programs and and we are Really very proud of what this little group has accomplished Of course Oh we don't have much money and so we don't do A great deal money wise but we Sponsor Different projects you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it's through our group and through our sponsoring these programs that they have come about and we are very Keeping Up the #1 Grounds the cemetery grounds and uh there are a number of uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Interesting spots around here and we have put out quite a lot of uh Markers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um Uh we built a gazebo and uh Cemetery grounds which was quite a pro- project it took us quite some time to do And getting the right kind of Sign up over the cemetery grounds uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: So many of the things we've had to work on quite a long time before we Got them done and just recently we have gotten new Shelf cases in the museum and that is something else we've been working on for a long time because we've Had so many artifacts and things that we wanted to display Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That we've had to keep In the background until we had A place to display them #1 So that is our most recent accomplishment # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Of A renovation All the things you see in uh in order to make room for these things you know for the new cases Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That sort of thing Interviewer: I went by there 456: #1 It's been a lot of fun # Interviewer: #2 Sunday {X} # 456: It's been a lot of fun we've had some most interesting programs The historical society And um um When we were ten years old we had A program on the and our annual meeting On the society itself rather than the history of the area And it was most interesting I think we're about sixteen years old now I'm not positive #1 But # Interviewer: #2 You've been active in it # #1 Since it was built # 456: #2 From the beginning uh-huh # I wasn't uh One of the very first members but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I did attend the first annual meeting I was a member By that time Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Let's see did Did you know um Going back to your father's parents did you know what what sort of work they did Did they work in turpentine too 456: No uh They had a mill And they also had a grist mill they had a lumber mill #1 And they had a grist mill # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: my daddy used to float logs down the river {NW} And in his youth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh uh beyond that I I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But my father After he came to this To Port St. Joe and was in Turpentine business Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh {B} Whose family Has lived a long time at Over Street Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Was in this with him In the beginning Not very long uh because I remember when I was a very small child that Uh he was no longer here #1 But it was only for a short period that they were together in this business # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 456: And {NW} I know that the Lord took care of us As children Because there were rattlesnakes all over this place it was not built up Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: There were Uh There was a commissary and there were houses for the #1 Mostly negroes you know who worked # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 456: And uh there there after the town began to build up it was still sparsely settled you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And there were rattlesnakes all over this place and every kind of a snake And we just walked all over them We'd picked berries in the woods and We paddled around in the ponds {NW} And uh there were two Uh branches Uh I don't know if you understand #1 There was just streams of water of you know we had to cross we'd # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: wade through to go to my daddy's turpentine place Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And as small children we did that quite a bit And we used to watch them #1 Uh build barrels you know to send the stuff away in # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And I used to love to do that And uh We used to hear thunder in the heavens and It sounded to me just like those barrels rolling around Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 456: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 456: #2 # But we Many times were just in a very few feet of huge alligators and we never thought anything about it Interviewer: #1 Didn't think about fright being frightened of course we didn't want to step on a snake # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: We avoided them but We they were all over the place and it's it's just a marvel that none of us were ever bitten Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh You were married {X} Is your husband #1 Still living # 456: #2 Yes um # Interviewer: #1 # 456: #2 # Uh my husband came from Tallahassee his folks came from Georgia Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But I met him in Tallahassee And we lived there for three years after we were married Interviewer: He was born in Tallahassee? 456: No he was born in Georgia Whigham, Georgia But uh Interviewer: #1 His folks came from Georgia and I don't know where else # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Now his His mother's family Um Goes back to The very Beginning you know And it's difficult it's always difficult For me to remember that name but her Aunt I mean her uncle She wa- she was a direct descendant From this uncle way back Who was given um A Land grant In Manhattan island And you may know about that because there are a lot of people who were concerned with that This uh what is now Manhattan Island was a land grant which was given to the King of England To This #1 Man this uncle # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And uh that He leased his property for a period of ninety-nine years and at the end of ninety-nine years The land and everything that had been put on it during that time was to go back to the family And when the period was over this land now was his was over There was Um There were many Uh Branches of the family you know who tried to get this Settled Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But Possession is nine points of the law you know what they say And uh there was never any settlement made And they did offer twenty million dollars one time #1 But the family refused it because it was worth so much more than that you know that they # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: They just didn't feel that was a fair offer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But at that time what was A number of years ago must've been about Oh it must've been Forty or fifty years ago fifty years ago Uh they uh #1 That this offer of three million was made and of course you know it's worth a great deal more than now than it would've been then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: No settlement was ever made but it it is sort of like a fairy story And uh in New York {NW} My mother and my brother And I made a trip to New York he was He is a law was a lawyer he's retired But He was taking a short course And while he Was studying my mother and I visited in that area And on this trip {NW} To Hyde Park Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I found uh a lady from California who was also a desc- uh a descendant #1 Of this family on her father's side # Interviewer: #2 Really? # 456: And it was most interesting to talk with her Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: About it And we write with people every now and then who are descendants of this Of I don't know whether she was descended from the uh Same Henry Well I know she was #1 But whether she came down from his side or the mother's side you know well # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: It was interesting to talk with her Interviewer: Um How old is your husband 456: My husband is seventy-one Interviewer: And he's a Methodist too? 456: Yes Interviewer: What about his education? 456: He I I'm not sure whether he had one or two years of college Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Pretty good For Somebody that age um What about is he very active in um Church or clubs or anything 456: He is um Active in church in Sunday School class and um He served as usher and and on the board of uh The official board #1 Two or three times # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And uh He is Very active in The Masonry A shrine Interviewer: Is that the um The same organization that's called The Shriners 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: They had a convention in Atlanta did #1 Did y'all get to go to that # 456: #2 No we didn't go but uh he # He has attended uh All of those in this area Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But we haven't we haven't gone to Atlanta We might do that one of these days Uh the work that he did he was a railroad man Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 And uh the hours that he had did not permit him to be very active in anything you know until after his retirement # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: He did Serve uh in In the church in several different offices but uh He couldn't he wasn't really free to serve Very much Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Anyway until after he retired # And since then he has been most active In the Mason's And the Shriner's And uh and in the Shrine He's been a Shriner for several years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And he has uh Uh been responsible for Getting two children in our area in the One of them in hospital for burns You know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh another little child that was crippled had a crippled arm Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And he is still working with those two # The little child that was burned It's been several years And he is still making trips Back and forth you know to The hospitals Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But The the little boy who was crippled uh They've been only working with him for the uh I believe the last year Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you know what sort of work your Um Husband's parents did? Or 456: His father was a farmer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh Later they moved to Tallahassee and And they had a A store in Jones Station out on the edge of town Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That is in his younger days he was a farmer Interviewer: And um Now could you tell me some about {NS} About what this community's like 456: Uh this is my husband Ralph This young lady is {B} And she's oh Taking a survey for of She's a graduate of Emory University and she is making a survey and she was just asking some questions about the early days in this Community Of course he doesn't know too much about that because he only came after we were married you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: He doesn't know too much about the early days but he could tell you a lot more about what's in the area now than I can Interviewer: Mm-hmm Tell me something about um This community how much it's It's changed since you Were growing up in it and 456: Hmm Well in the early days you didn't dare have a party without asking everybody in town that's not true any longer {NS} It really has grown {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Quite a lot Ralph when we uh when you Came here Uh do you remember about what the population was? Aux: Oh something in between the #1 Five or six hundred I suppose # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 After the paper mill came and it began growing but it was a very small community until after the paper mill came # Aux: #2 In nineteen nineteen thirty-four # #1 When I first came in here # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: #1 # 456: #2 # Several of the churches were organized within the Methodist church the Methodist church was the first Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was organized in nineteen ten Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh The man who was organized the church served as Sunday school superintendent for Twenty-two years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And then during those years uh several groups came in the Baptists and the Episcopal And the Presbyterian And they were all organized in our church And then uh There were But before these churches were organized All the services were held there and in the early days we had a lot of Working together you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And many of our services were held together and in The early years there were Oh we did not have a A A Pr- minister residing Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 In the community # The ministers in the early years lived in Wewahitchka and would only come down in the beginning One Sunday out of the year I mean out of the week Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: #1 Out of each month # 456: #2 I mean month # Out of the month And uh then uh That was not true for such a long time though When the other churches were organized They would have different Sundays and we #1 Visited the other churches when we were not # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: In service #1 And they visited ours # Interviewer: #2 Was # Was Wewahitchka a much younger community 456: Yes Wewahitchka is much older than Port St Joe #1 But I don't know how old Wewahitchka is # Aux: #2 It is not older though # 456: #1 Not # Aux: #2 Older than the old # #1 Town of St Joseph # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 I really don't # Aux: #2 Which was # #1 About a mile south of here where it was # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: At the time. Interviewer: Was You mentioned uh The turpentine um Was that A long time ago with Did they sort of have a turpentine camp around here? 456: Well uh my father and um This Other man had the business here and in that was all that was here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In the beginning Just a turpentine camp uh Uh they had uh Little cottages that were built you know in the quarters for the people who #1 Worked for him # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And for a long time it was just That #1 And then in when the railroad came in people began moving in and that the and uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Spreading out #1 They but # Aux: #2 And they were the first # Turpentine Camp here I heard your daddy say Was right over here on #1 Uh across this road here on the um waterfront there # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # 456: Mm-hmm yes that's right when we were little Aux: That uh Whatever Whatever this gulf station is here right straight across from it Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Over there on the 456: And he had a commissary for the Uh Groceries you know and and um needs Of the people who worked for it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um there was a post office While he was over there it was called Indian Pass Post Office Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was several years later before the name was changed you know Port St. Joe But they called the post office Indian Pass Interviewer: Indian Pass is down #1 South of here # 456: #2 And down mm-hmm # #1 Few miles down # Aux: #2 About ten ten miles south of here # And it's not on ni- ninety-eight it's on uh #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 Thirty or something # Aux: It's thirty Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: On thirty or thirty E whatever they call it But The pass itself there's not right on the On the road that is there's a big Uh It used to be I don't know whether they still operate the store down there or not it #1 It might {X} # 456: #2 Yes they do # Yes they do Aux: Yeah And they were in the tur- in the nail sort of business too Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: His uh Mr Mayfield he's dead now but his son still lives down there Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 And turn the right and then # In other words uh In front of his place you go down on the what's called the Pass the Indian Pass in there 456: When I first uh I used to hear about Indian Pass I thought they meant that area Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh but speaking of the post office it was right here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Um Back in the earlier days Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And my daddy was the first post master # Interviewer: When did the railroad come in here 456: Nineteen ten I believe Interviewer: Uh-huh Um Has this area changed much in the past ten years or so Ten or twenty years Have there Been a lot of tourists 456: There's been a lot of building And we do Do have quite a lot of visitors at the museum and at the Though at the old cemetery And also The park Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: On that peninsula Interviewer: But I mean you're You're what about forty or fifty miles from Panama City 456: #1 Thirty-six # Aux: #2 Thirty-six # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Thirty-six miles from Panama City Interviewer: Have you gotten people um Sort of branching out from Panama City um You know the People who have moved down to To Florida or Any retirement areas or Any you know new development #1 Along that line # 456: #2 Well Mexico Beach # #1 Uh we had a lot of people retired people out in that area # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Now that was uh In in those early days there were maybe two two or three cottages on the beach the entire beach down this way And since then the beaches have grown up #1 And they # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: We think we're settled {NS} And we have a lot of retired people but we don't have any special area for retired people We do have a lot of retired people Out there we do have some here Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 But has it been # 456: #2 Port St Joe # Interviewer: #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 Mexico Beach and Beacon Hill # Which is the oldest settlement on the beach high Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Between here and Panama City And then St Joe Beach Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 Is all uh in there on the # But then St Joe Beach you uh had in there first but you can't hardly Well you can tell too because Uh there is a space you might say between St Joe Beach and uh Beacon hill is not anything in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: And then Beyond that end when you get through Beacon Hill you go right into Mexico Beach it's just a continuation 456: But Mexico Beach is not in our county it's in Bay County Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We we really feel that they belong to us because we educate their children Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 456: #2 But uh and we're so close you know # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 But it's really in Bay County # Aux: Now their children all all of Bay I mean all of Mexico Beach all the beaches out there Between This side of town up hill come here in Port St Joe all over there more than any other county Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: It that county over there Provides Compensation for the state of Florida Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: To this county Interviewer: Uh I'd like to to get an idea of what the um The house that you grew up in Looks like did Or did you move uh A whole lot or 456: I uh well The First Little log house My daddy lived in when he came Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: My family did not live in it Uh The first house that my mother lived in was another little house he built over here On the beach Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 This area # Uh close to the turpentine still Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um I don't know how long we were in that But my first memory is of this big building That was Downtown There was a uh Store downstairs and for a town post office was in that building It was a large area Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: For the post office And uh there was an upstairs and we lived upstairs and for a time We served meals up there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: There were a number of rooms up there that were Rented out Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And we served meals when I was a small child # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: While I was Still small About five I think we moved into another house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And lived there for A number of years and when I think I was in the sixth grade we moved to this street A house down on the corner So we moved several times #1 And # Aux: #2 That house is still # 456: This house is still standing Aux: Yeah 456: And the Other house that I moved in from the large one Is uh still standing but it's been moved in over near the schools Interviewer: Mm-hmm Could you sort of um Make a sketch of it for me I I'd like to see just Sort of A rough um floor plan you know what how many rooms there were #1 And where they were # 456: #2 Well # Well well the last house we lived in and our family home now is down across from the motel Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: #1 {X} # 456: #2 And uh we # Aux: That Stone was the old Stone house now yeah they lived there for the last What uh Forty-five years or #1 Fifty matter of fact in fact it's vacant now it's right on the corner across from the motel down right down there # 456: #2 It's about fifty years that the last fifty years the family was living in this house # Aux: #1 Uh town there right out on that corner # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: Between here and town Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Down Block further than the bank Interviewer: Do you think you could sort of make a sketch Just 456: #1 I don't think I can {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Not anything well # Aux: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Not anything real detailed or # You know not just just to give me an idea of how many 456: Well It has two gables on the front Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 And uh it's uh # Sort of stick roof isn't it sort of stick I can't tell without looking at it But uh it Aux: And it had a front porch 456: #1 Front porch is on the front and on on the side and on this side # Aux: #2 And round on the # Uh on the around the corner of the living room there So it had It had a hallway That goes from the front door to the Until it go around on the back porch And then on the left hand side as you go in there's a living room And then what you call the library Then our dining room And a Pantry And a kitchen And another pantry back there out of the kitchen So that you get to have two pantries I called it One of them Uh which was it 456: Excuse me just a minute Aux: One of them was between the dining room and the And the kitchen and then the other went out in the kitchen and it had a back porch Bath There next to it in the bedroom And there were two bedrooms Downstairs and two bedrooms upstairs Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: It's still standing down there they Um Had some people that you know after Her mother died they Well even before her mother died by back in July they Uh She was staying here with us before we got her in you know Had to take her to the hospital Anyway people could break in there Looking for Not for 456: Oh #1 Something about having # Aux: #2 {X} their money # 456: This is our house It was the first nice house that was built In St. Joe it was a Uh Interviewer: Hmm 456: The first one and they put it on post cards you know and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um people uh I have a post card that a friend of mine received while her brother was Uh in St. Joe Aux: #1 You talking about this house # 456: #2 I'm talking about this is this house # Aux: Mm-hmm 456: And and the early days Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And I this is uh This is the house we're talking about that's the Stone house Interviewer: Hmm How many rooms were there in there 456: Well downstairs There is on one side is the living room and the library And the dining room and uh a little Pantry butler's pantry And the kitchen on one side that's one two three Aux: #1 {X} How about the other pantry # 456: #2 Living room dining room # That's four big rooms Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And they're huge rooms # Interviewer: #1 On the left side # 456: #2 On the mm-hmm # Yes On this side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh then uh there's the hall in between and on the other side There are two Huge bedrooms Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And then there's another little uh Uh the porch Original porch on that side was enclosed in another small room made in there which is open into this uh This Big bedroom on the front And there's a b- uh kitchen on that side and a bath on that side and a back porch Interviewer: Two kitchens in that house 456: Two kitchens in the house uh-huh Because uh in later years Uh #1 Momma rented an apartment on that side # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 And uh then upstairs # Aux: #2 But originally it wasn't originally that way # 456: Upstairs uh there are two big rooms Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And a large hall # Which could be used for for a small bedroom if you wanted to And has been #1 When it was needed and then there's a bath upstairs # Aux: #2 And a bath # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: So there are three baths in the house #1 Course this fence was taken down a long time ago you know but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 456: This was I think this picture was made Um daddy had just painted it And it was not too long after we'd bought it and he had just painted it so #1 This fence was still out there then and it stayed there for some time but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 Let's move this mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 This porch went all around the corner # 456: The porch Uh the porch went this far Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 This is the dining room and kitchen back here and the porch went back through that um oh library # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was down that far Right now uh daddy before he died not Now some time before he died he built on a little porch here you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Closed in a section of it right here # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 And so that's what it's for then on the other side there was a porch it was closed in # Aux: #2 No he didn't build on a porch he just # 456: #1 No I that's what I mean he closed it he didn't screen it in honey he he built the wall here because he wanted to sleep out there you know # Aux: #2 Screen it in that corner there yeah well that's right the wall yeah # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And so that's on the bay side you know such a nice breeze around there Aux: Now this right here now where the this is the front out here where these gables are this is a A side view Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: From from here #1 On the # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: Streets going down towards the water 456: If I had a small picture of it I'd give it to you but I Don't have a small one This is another house that my daddy owned both of these Interviewer: Did you ever live in that house 456: No I never lived there but it was one that he had it's been torn down Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: No that's house wasn't torn down it was re Remodeled and it's still a home 456: This house has been torn down Aux: #1 Isn't that the old town home huh # 456: #2 No no # It's down there on the corner this is the Wilson the Lewis House #1 And this was on the corner # Aux: #2 Oh yeah that's right the old # #1 This is the old uh Wilson House huh yeah # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Did you ever live in this house here 456: This is the one I'm living in now Interviewer: #1 This is # 456: #2 This is our home # #1 It is on one of these # Interviewer: #2 Which side is which side is this # 456: Uh-huh that's the front See we had it recolored And it doesn't look like it now but it hadn't been changed except that uh porch Uh on the Hey that's not it That's the wrong house #1 that's not it no # Aux: #2 No that's not it I # 456: we have two uh #1 It it it looks sort of like it you know from the front # Aux: #2 You've got a picture of our # 456: #1 No but I couldn't I wouldn't know where to find that we do have uh the one that I have is a postcard picture # Aux: #2 But it it's a postcard picture # 456: #1 And that's not it # Aux: #2 No that I didn't I I hadn't seen this uh {X} # 456: #1 Well I just grabbed it up and I was thinking just uh you know it used to look similar to that # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh Oh before we bought it Jones family was the second oldest family here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They built this house and uh Then after her husband died Years later she Enclosed this Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Porch # On this side And the porch did go all the way around just like it does on here you know Interviewer: All the way around all four sides of the house 456: #1 Uh no it's not on the back but uh # Aux: #2 No it doesn't on three sides though # 456: #1 All three sides about half way on that side it was about halfway # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: This is 456: #1 And # Aux: #2 The porch is still around on this side # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But this is the house next door Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Over there and this is our house right here see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course you don't get don't see much of it But you You do see that it was similar to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 To the this side of the house # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # You know um Those porches that That would um Go around the The house like that did Did you ever have any um Special names for For different types of porches #1 Like # 456: #2 We just said porch # Interviewer: Mm-hmm I was wondering if you Say a Ever heard of piazza or um #1 Gallery # 456: #2 We never said that # Interviewer: Any of those 456: I never heard anybody in this area say that Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Now I've heard people say veranda but it's But Not very much Interviewer: What does veranda mean 456: It's porch Interviewer: Just any porch or 456: Just porch Interviewer: Okay 456: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 Yeah I # Interviewer: Uh 456: It didn't make any difference what it does but it went all the way around here it was just a little teeny one jutting out you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 But it was all porch to us # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Did you ever see any houses that had the uh Kitchen separate from the rest of the house 456: Not in this area Now uh Aux: #1 I have seen them myself # 456: #2 Well I've seen them and uh they are some in Wewahitchka # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um In Blountstown where some of our folks live there the kitchen was separate they had a walk way Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 A board walk # Between the two Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh but A lot of the houses were built that way but but not Here Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Do you know the reason why it was done built that way Interviewer: #1 If there's a fire I guess # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm # That was a Fire protection for Cuz there was more danger of fire and Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: #1 There's more cooking # 456: #2 We just don't go quite that far back # Interviewer: Yeah it I guess that is a A lot older Um Tell me about the fireplace in the house the The thing that the smoke goes up through you'd call the 456: Chimney Interviewer: Okay 456: Flue Interviewer: Uh-huh Did What if it's on say a Um A factory With The big thing that the smoke goes up through Would you have another name for that 456: Smoke stack Interviewer: Okay And um The open place on the floor in front of the fireplace Aux: #1 That's just called a hearth # 456: #2 Hearth # Interviewer: A what's that 456: H-E-A-R-T-H Aux: Hearth 456: A hearth Interviewer: What how do you 456: I was taught to say hearth but it spells hearth Interviewer: Okay And uh The things that you lay the wood across 456: Well uh we didn't in my house #1 We just uh # Aux: #2 You mean in in inside the fireplace? # 456: No well you're talking about Aux: #1 You call 'em dogs # 456: #2 To hold the # Aux: Wood uh uh dogs Fire dogs Interviewer: #1 Is that # 456: #2 Or andirons either one # Interviewer: #1 Which one # 456: #2 Fire dogs andirons # Interviewer: Which one did you call it when you were growing up? 456: Well we didn't have any in in our fire places to begin with Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And when we moved into this house there was a grate Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: You know with a A part that jutted up that they had wood in but the {X} In this house Um This one Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 There were grates in there all the fireplaces # and we didn't have any andirons Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In our House down there On the corner I guess there were fire dogs in there or andirons I just don't remember too much about them Interviewer: Mm-hmm And the thing up above the fireplace it 456: Mantle Interviewer: Okay Any other name for that? Okay um And say if you were gonna start a fire what kind of wood would you use? 456: Well Whatever was available Interviewer: #1 What mm-hmm # 456: #2 We used oak and pine # Aux: Not not for a starter 456: To start it Or we got fat Uh laddered Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Uh s- s- # We uh we cut splinters Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And to get it started Aux: Well did you ever use any uh #1 The stuff # 456: #2 I just used kerosene # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: To start it Aux: So you have but these scrapings from the uh #1 The turpentine still you never used that? # 456: #2 We never used those we never used those we used # Uh we'd Oh I've gone out in the w- in the backyard a many a time early in the morning before it was hardly daylight To cut splinters off a real fat piece of W- light wood you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: It was real fat Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Juicy # And I've cut splinters out there Real early in the morning when it was very cold and down there and build a fire on the stove cuz I always got the stove started Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: When I was growing up The boys brought the wood in but I always got things started and if they didn't have any splinters there I had to go get them Interviewer: You know um you might have a Big piece of wood that You'd set Sort of toward the back of the fireplace and Maybe it'd burn all night long Did 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you have a name for that 456: Mm-mm #1 It was just all firewood for us # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # But I'm talking about real big pieces Aux: #1 Yeah # 456: #2 Yeah well we used to # We had those of course Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 But we just well # Aux: #2 We called it a back log though wouldn't you # 456: #1 # Aux: #2 # #1 Usually that was a something like a oak or hickory some of that hard wood that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm uh-huh # Aux: Burns slow Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression back log or was that used in this area? 456: Well not in connection with um The fireplaces that I knew about Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But It could very well have been used Interviewer: Um 456: We just called it wood Interviewer: Uh-huh And then The black stuff that forms in the chimney 456: Smut #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 456: Or soot #1 Either word # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And um The things you have to shovel out of the fireplace is the 456: Ashes uh-huh Interviewer: Okay And talking about things that you have in a room um This thing right here is called a Or or that over there is called a 456: Well Just chairs Interviewer: Okay 456: Rocker course that one's a rocker Interviewer: Uh-huh And this thing that we're sitting on now 456: We call davenport But now we say couch Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any other names? 456: Do you Interviewer: #1 Do you see # 456: #2 Uh settee # Uh the smaller ones uh We might have called settees Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or if it was a large one though it was davenport Interviewer: What about sofa? 456: Or sofa Well we say sofa now or couch Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 And then you just uh the what you just called a # 456: #2 Mm-hmm sofa well I guess really sofa's the better word # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But it used to be davenport Interviewer: Mm-hmm What um Different things did you have in your bedroom to keep clothes in? 456: Well we had a We had A wardrobe Interviewer: What's that like? 456: And uh a chest Uh what do we call this chest Momma had? A wardrobe is a Aux: Well she had a cedar chest but she also had a closet too 456: Well Well she's talking about in the o- old days aren't you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course this house down there has um #1 Several closets in it but our # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: This house didn't have any closets in it when we came here They built a couple I think We had to build all the closets Interviewer: Mm-hmm But The clothes used to be kept m- mostly in these wardrobes as a cabinet Tall Mm-hmm 456: Piece of furniture that Maybe would have drawers on one side and uh #1 Closet type on the other side of the door opened you know had long enough to put dresses and things like that in it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 456: #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Did it have a mirror on it? # 456: Uh mm-hmm Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 I guess so the furniture we we used here was just like we used everywhere else at that time # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Anything that just had drawers in it? 456: Yes Well we had uh you know we didn't have bathrooms back in the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Early days in the we had what we called wash stands Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And with big bowls pitchers and bowls you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh It had a A little rack on the back instead of a Of a Mirror you know like you'd have on a dresser Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: It'd have a rack on the back to hang your towels on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh I don't have one But My mother got rid of the ones that she had but we used to use those in the bedrooms you know to put the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: To keep your water in y- A big pitcher to keep your water in and then a bowl to Bathe in And of course when you took a bath you brought a tub in you know and Hot wat- {NW} But just wash your face you know and something like that you know when you use those bowls Pitchers And they were pretty too Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Beautiful things # Interviewer: #1 # 456: #2 # Interviewer: #1 What about # 456: #2 We used to have chambers too # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Do you know about chambers Interviewer: #1 I think I know what you mean # 456: #2 Uh they're a little squat # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And uh a s- uh Sometimes I use those Taller Buckets Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: You know with a cover they call slop jars #1 And poured water in that you know your waste water when you took it uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: You would use the water at the Wash stand Pour the Waste water in there or #1 Also could sit on it you know to # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # What did they have out in the #1 Out in the yard # 456: #2 And we used to have a d- uh j- a johnny out in the yard we can call it johnny I don't know what outhouse I guess # Interviewer: Uh-huh Any other names for that? #1 Joking names or # 456: #2 Uh # Interviewer: #1 # 456: #2 # I I don't know I don't remember what we call those things It's been a long time Interviewer: What um Other kinds of furniture might Might you have now for With just with drawers in it 456: Well we usually call them chests Now chest of drawers {NS} But What momma had in her room Was real {NS} she had a huge dresser with a triple mirror Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: A huge mirror in the middle and then two smaller ones on the side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was oh it was covered a lot of territory it was about as wide as almost as wide as that um Wall over there Interviewer: #1 So it'd be about {X} # 456: #2 Was it real big # #1 Was it wasn't quite that wide but it was real wide # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 456: And it had uh Several small drawers across the top you know and then beneath that some #1 Thicker drawers about like that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: Two or three of those Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And that was what the dresser and then her chest Was All we I guess Her chest is about this high Interviewer: #1 And uh # 456: #2 It was just drawers # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: On top the very top is two small ones and then the rest of 'em all Big drawers Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And it had a mirror Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: On it Course the mirror was way up high Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: {X} Mirror it was about this wide and about that #1 Bout that deep I guess on top # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # #1 Did you ever hear of anything called a bureau or a chiffonier or a chifforobe? # 456: #2 Well # Um You know they said ch- bureau That's what she called hers Chiffonier No wait a minute I believe she called that chest of drawers a chiffonier Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I believe she did Interviewer: What about bureau? Was that 456: A bureau would be the dresser I believe Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 And uh # 456: #2 But we # #1 We didn't call it that we just called it a dresser # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # #1 Does that sound like uh-huh # 456: #2 A lot of people did say bureau # Interviewer: Does that sound more old fashioned to you or 456: Well bureau sounds more old fashioned to me than dresser Interviewer: Uh-huh And uh Something that you could have in In your windows Well not Like that something on rollers you could pull down To keep out the light 456: Oh shades uh-huh you use shades instead of blinds Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um Say if you had a um A little room at the top of the house Just underneath the roof 456: Well we didn't have one but you could call it an attic Interviewer: #1 Okay # 456: #2 I would think # Interviewer: And um You mentioned a {NW} Talking about the kitchen Was there any other name #1 Used to # 456: #2 Oh we did in this house here we did have a # There is an attic too #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 It's off i- it to get into it you go through the bedroom # Mm-hmm 456: And uh went through the closet Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 There's an opening in the back of the closet that goes into this attic # And We Put a whole bunch of trunks and old things up there that we didn't um We were not using Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we called that attic Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But course {NS} Course in a lot of uh Old homes there's a is a room that's large enough to be used you know or lived in As a bedroom cause #1 You know we read about attic rooms you know living in attic rooms # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 456: But this wouldn't have been very no windows in it or anything like that you know it's just up under the roof Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um The the kitchen did you Did you ever call that Ever hear any other word besides kitchen 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Cook room or cook house 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Any of those 456: Just kitchen Interviewer: And say if you had a lot of old worthless things that you were fixing to throw out you You might say That's not Not any good anymore that's just 456: Junk Interviewer: Huh 456: Junk Interviewer: Okay And a place where you might Store things that you didn't know what to do with 456: Oh well call it a junk room {NW} Interviewer: Okay #1 And uh # 456: #2 I suppose # Interviewer: Talking about um Daily housework you'd say Say if your house was all messy you'd say you had to #1 Do what? # 456: #2 We'd have to clean the house # Interviewer: Okay 456: #1 Clean up # Interviewer: #2 And uh # 456: I would usually say you have to clean up Interviewer: Mm-kay And the thing that people used to sweep with before they had vacuum cleaners 456: Well uh we used a Brooms but I can remember when I was real small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That uh Um Some people used a Grass you know that you'd get together and make a broom out of Grass broom Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And they swept With those and then there was something that was more sturdy than that they used to make um Yard brooms and they swept the yards Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of people taking sand or something and And using that or To 456: To clean uh pots and Pans Interviewer: Or t- to clean the The Floors or something like that 456: No I've I've never heard of using sand to clean the floors but uh Iron pots Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They used sand to clean iron pots Aux: Mable, did you ever use anything Like uh The old brush mop To to scrub floors with 456: No Aux: You know 456: We usually used our old sc- our old brooms when the brooms #1 Got old you know we used those for scrubbing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And save the newer ones for sweeping Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But we did have yard brooms to sweep the yard and we did Oh We never did very much but a lot of people did Have those uh Brooms that were made to sweep the floors Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Some of them were kind of messy cuz they'd break off you know #1 And then you'd have stuff there but # Aux: #2 What's that what you call a # 456: But They used feathers they had there were feather brooms you know to dust Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 M- there's one down here now I think I'd taken it broom straw # Aux: #2 The broom's straw you know he drove up like that and he'd go out in the field and cut it # And uh Tie it up Like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But from the time I was a very small child we used regular brooms like we have now so I don't really know too much about those and I did see that so much {D: not an animal} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Say um If if your broom was in that corner there And the door's open like The door was open all the way You'd said that the broom was Where 456: In the corner Interviewer: Or in relation to the door you'd say the broom was 456: #1 Hind uh behind the door I guess I suppose # Interviewer: #2 Okay # And uh 456: We always tried to keep the brooms out of sight though Put them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: You know anything cleaning utensils out of sight Interviewer: Mm-hmm Say on a on a two story house to get from the first floor up to the second floor you'd have a 456: Stairway Interviewer: Okay What about something outside from the um Ground up to the porch Well Say you're To get up to your porch you'd have a 456: Steps Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: To Well you Have s- Steps I guess Interviewer: Okay you'd never Would you call it steps inside the house 456: Well oh Aux: #1 {X} # 456: #2 Growing up we'd just call it a stairway # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Inside and in some places there's stairways on the outside Outdoor stairways up to the second floor you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But We never had one Oh we did too When we lived in that uh Oh big old store building there was an outside stairway there was an inside stairway and there was also an outside way that was used for Mostly for the servants you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you have Servants when you were growing up 456: Yes We had um We had a cook And uh we We had um A washwoman And that's what we called her washwoman #1 We'd call her washwoman # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Um Talking about the Um cleaning Your clothes you You'd say um A long time ago on Monday women usually did the What 456: Well we didn't do it {NW} Interviewer: #1 Like just # 456: #2 We used to gather our clothes up and and # Uh sent them to the quarters Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um Most most of the time we sent them to the quarters instead of having them washed at home Interviewer: Mm-hmm So 456: And so we didn't uh W- we just did it the first of the week we sent them the first of the week and we'd usually gather them the last of the week Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 They kept them all week # Interviewer: So you'd say that You'd send #1 Send your clothes to the quarters to have the # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: What done? 456: Have them Washed Interviewer: Uh-huh And after they were washed and dried you'd have to do the 456: Well they They ironed them they did all of it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 And brought them back they were ready to wear # Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you Is there any one word you'd use to talk about washing and ironing together? 456: I don't know whether they use the word laundry or not They may have Interviewer: Would you use that word now? 456: I would use it now to do the laundry That That to me that would include all of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm This um this quarters that You mentioned that's that's still where where it is now That um 456: Uh well now since the town has grown up #1 You see oh uh the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: The railroad Goes Sort of divides this up side town and the other you know on that side mostly the negroes live but Until they built Highland View Interviewer: Until they built what? 456: Highland View That's a small Community On the water The Quarters the negro quarters were a little bit further back inland you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And we just always Called them the quarters you know Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 Where's the # 456: #2 Then where the negroes live # Interviewer: #1 Oh okay # 456: #2 In there because none of them lived on this side of the railroad # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Track Interviewer: Where's Highland View? 456: Highland View is is across Uh In that area but it's on the front you know on the water facing the water Interviewer: I don't think I've 456: We go right you go right through it going to Panama City you see Interviewer: #1 Is that # 456: #2 And they've got some buildings out # U- uh between the highway and the water out there Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Most of it's On the other side Interviewer: There was a 456: But it's it's a white community out there the black community's further back Interviewer: The white community's Highland View? 456: #1 Yes the white community's Highland View # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: But it wasn't there for a long long time see it's only In recent years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That it's been there wa- well In more recent years it's cause it's been it's been there for quite some time Interviewer: Mm-hmm What I was thinking of what when you said the quarter there That area that Avenue A #1 Throughout {X} is that that what used to be the quarter # 456: #2 Uh-huh yes that's right uh-huh that mm-hmm # Yeah I think lot of us would still say quarters Interviewer: Uh-huh So that's 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: That's what I Thought you were referring to there Um If the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd tell someone to 456: Close the door shut it Interviewer: Okay And uh You know some houses that On the outside they have this wood that laps over each other These boards that That lap over each other #1 Do you know what I mean # 456: #2 Huh # Oh Yes If it's a wooden house Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you know what that That type of Of board 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever heard of Clapboard or siding or weather 456: Well yes I suppose that that um Oh we could any of those words could have been used Interviewer: #1 What like # 456: #2 C-L-A-P isn't it B-O-A-R-D # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Um well of course I've heard that used and then siding Uh outside siding you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: {X} Interviewer: What did you usually hear it Hear it called 456: Well I just don't remember that I heard That I heard it called that much Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But I think you would have said oh E- either either word would have been good clapboard it uh Uh Uh or siding Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Or you might say outside siding Interviewer: Uh-huh What about weatherboarding 456: Weatherboarding Think we think of weatherboarding more in um In connection with uh Boarding up windows in times of storm or something like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I mean that's That's the way I think of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We never did We never did that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh there have been times when storms have been predicted that they board up the windows and the stores downtown but Not very many people boarded up their houses. Course I guess if we're right on the water We might do it Interviewer: There's never been a bad storm #1 Come through this city # 456: #2 There've been # Uh a there was a bad storm uh after The old town There've been times when um There've been Trees blown down and Maybe Shack of the buildings would fall down something like #1 that but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Well as a {NS: general rule} We don't really have very bad weather We have had it sometimes it blows real hard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And there are people who get scared and leave town and then the Some of them have gotten in real storms you Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 know # And wished they hadn't left home but as a general rule We had some wind And uh We have some damages but it Never amounts to a whole lot Interviewer: #1 Not anything like what happened to Gulfport or # 456: #2 Mm-mm # Interviewer: #1 Any of those things # 456: #2 Oh no no we've never # never had anything like that uh maybe a {NS: I'll} tell you We lived on Seventh Street before we moved around here after I was married Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: There was a building back there that had been used as a cook house I think Interviewer: #1 What do you mean cook house # 456: #2 Cook house well I mean it the cook # Cook lived it #1 There # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: In it Later it was used for a garage Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: {NW} but originally it was built for a cook house And it had been built when our house was built and it was Real shackled-y When we moved over there And um this storm came up Not too long after it was blowing real hard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we stood the children and I stood in the window and watched that thing it swayed back and forth almost hit the ground on both sides and I said well I hope it'll blow it down Well it didn't blow it down the next morning that thing was standing But uh there was a wall that was Blown out of uh Building out at the paper mill A brick building Interviewer: {NW} 456: There was something that was blown #1 out out there # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: But that was funny to me that old shackled-y building It It just went this way and that way And we stood in the window and watched it Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: a long time and it didn't blow down We finally had to knock it down Interviewer: Uh-huh Um You know Say if you were Hanging up a Picture or something you'd say I I took the hammer and I What the nail 456: #1 Hmm # Interviewer: #2 In # 456: Well I Think we'd say to hammered Interviewer: Or another word you might use I took the nail and I Took the hammer and I what the nail into the wall 456: Drove it into the wall Interviewer: And If it didn't get in far enough you'd say it's gotta be What in further Using that same word You say #1 It's gotta be # 456: #2 {X} # Well if it's driven in I oh I never did talk about them like that Interviewer: Okay And uh You know along the roof um The little things along the edge of the roof To carry the water off 456: Mm-hmm I don't know Interviewer: Do you have that #1 Um on the {X} # 456: #2 Yes uh yes # but I can't think of the word that That we use for that And the uh uh uh Older houses we didn't have them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Cause water just Tumbled off Wherever it hit But Uh Interviewer: Say if it If there were Around fall Or some time you'd You'd have to get up and And clean the Leaves out of the 456: Well it wouldn't be dryings I {NS} have heard uh I heard them called dryings but um Aw shoot there's a word I just can't think of right now Interviewer: Did you call it um Troughs or gutters or canals 456: Hmm There's another word that we use I can't think of it Interviewer: What about when you have a house in an L That low place where the Two roofs come together Did you have a A name for that or 456: Not that I know of Interviewer: And um What sort of Let's see did You always lived at In the city or Or I mean this This was always Sort of a A small city 456: It was just a Well we just called it a small town Of course we we call it city now but uh For a long time we just said We just Thought of St. Joe as a small town course we are a small city Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We're very small uh now how ma- I don't know what our population is now Somebody may have told you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But um Interviewer: Did um What sort of Buildings did you have um Around Say to keep your Your wood in or keep your tools in Did you have any special place for that 456: Well some people had wood houses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But we didn't we sat on what we call a wood pile in the back yard and my daddy has shot turkeys Wild turkeys Off the wood pile in the back yard and of course that was You know a long time ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In uh the first days of this Old Community Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But he did he shot shot turkeys. And they shot rattlesnakes in the backyard Interviewer: What what different buildings did you have around Besides your house 456: Uh well After the town began to grow up we had several store buildings and um Interviewer: But I mean on on your property 456: Oh on our property we didn't have anything except a We had a Cook house When we moved here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we had a Down there we had We had a backyard that was uh Separated from the Front And there was a Oh there was a Barn out there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: For A couple of cows And we didn't when we were When I was little we had horses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And mules And we didn't have cows And then later we had some cows I mean we had one cow just for family use for a while And while we were living down here on this street We had a cow And there was a place out there for her Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I don't know what we called it shed house shed I guess Interviewer: Mm-hmm But 456: But it's also I think it was built originally for horses as well as cows you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was a right large building and Course it kept {X} Cow feed and stuff like that in there But it's been so long a- Go you know it's just I just don't think about it anymore Interviewer: Where did you keep pork 456: Uh well Well we had fresh pork We used to That was fresh Interviewer: What about 456: And we didn't uh we didn't try to keep it And my daddy used to we used to keep hams Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Have them cured and hang them in bacon you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh But we kept it in the kitchen we didn't have a Separate house to keep things like that in For so we use we usually Went ahead and used it you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What about # 456: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about um Feed for For your animals Where did you keep that 456: In this Building The only time that we well uh when we were in this huge building this old big Store building up town There was a building out there for that {NS: phone rings} But I didn't Interviewer: Did you ever have any special place for keeping corn Or keeping grain 456: Mm-mm Uh we Were never Farmers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh my daddy had as as I told you the turpentine stand but we just we just did family doings Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We didn't um Keep corn Daddy used to buy peanuts sometimes just for the family to eat and I would a bag of them Just uh there was a place in the kitchen their pantry That we kept things like that in Course we didn't have We didn't buy it in loads because we just bought it for family use Interviewer: Mm-hmm But did did you ever hear of a corn crib or 456: No we never had a corn crib or anything like that Interviewer: What what is a corn crib do Do people around here 456: Well People in the country have them but We didn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um Talking about the barn the upper part of the barn is called a 456: We never had any barns Interviewer: Do Do you know anything about the The barn though What do you call that upper The second story in the barn 456: Well Well some people call them corn cribs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But we didn't have them in this area Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What about the # 456: #2 And on back toward # Blountstown and and and the farming areas they had those things but We didn't have them around here Interviewer: What about the The part that you keep hay in #1 In the barn # 456: #2 Well we didn't have hay either {NW} # Interviewer: Do you know have you ever heard any word for that the 456: Hay loft Interviewer: Okay 456: Hay loft Interviewer: And um Say if you had too much hay to To put in the barn You might leave it outside and Take a pole and then Put the hay around the 456: Hmm Interviewer: The pole 456: {X} Interviewer: #1 Did you ever see # Aux: #2 We call that a haystack # 456: Oh Aux: #1 She'd never been on a farm # 456: #2 You see I I we # this has never been a farming section right in here and all that He lived on a farm when he grew up so he knows that sort of thing but I just don't know too much about it Course I know about hay stacks Because I've Read about them in school and I've seen them I have seen them in the country when we've Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Driven around Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But Aux: #1 Come on in Earl # 456: #2 It's # not uh it's not peculiar to this particular area though see Interviewer: Well it #1 You know # Aux: #2 Have a seat # Interviewer: If someone says 456: #1 Hey how are you # Aux: #2 {X} uh # Aux 2: Is that your office Interviewer: Or asks you and you know you can't I mean a lot of these things they won't have had in this area but if you {C: multiple speaker} If you've heard of {C: multiple speakers} Something that's called you know maybe up in Where {X} 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You know Just go ahead and {C: multiple speakers} #1 You know tell me that # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 But I I guess a lot of these # 456: #2 Well # Hay stack and corn crib and Oh a little hay li- hay loft {C: multiple speakers} You know for {C: multiple speakers} For {C: multiple speakers} Storing them Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Course # #1 Course we heard all those things but we just didn't experience them {C: multiple speakers} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh {C: multiple speakers} # 456: Personally Interviewer: Where um Where did you keep the horses {C: multiple speakers} When you had horses {C: multiple speakers} 456: Uh Stall Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: multiple speakers} 456: My my daddy had a stall When when I was very small we had horses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We had two or three And we had some mules but those {C: multiple speakers} Uh were kept except for the personal horses see Uh for riding We had a stall there at this old building when it was We had Interviewer: #1 That we had the post office in you know {C: multiple speakers} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Downtown {C: multiple speakers} And uh there was a stall that I think had Um there was a building that had several stalls in it Interviewer: #1 Did you {C: multiple speakers} # 456: #2 It was open on the front but it was cl- closed you know # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh on the back and on the sides {C: multiple speakers} And uh we had room there I think for about Maybe about four horses Interviewer: #1 What'd you call the whole building {C: multiple speakers} # 456: #2 But we had # We just called it the s- {C: multiple speakers} The horse stall I guess I I don't know of any other word {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh we had My daddy had a horse That he used in ride what they called riding the woods you know was he was Looking over the timbers and And supervising the work that was being done you know we called it {C: multiple speakers} That was the term he used riding the woods Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And he had a horse that he used for that and then my mother had a personal horse that she used you know that was a {C: multiple speakers} Oh Had a buggy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And was hitched up to the buggy and that was for {C: multiple speakers} Traveling {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: multiple speakers} 456: And for riding you know {C: multiple speakers} For if she just wanted to go for a ride she'd have the horse and buggy hitched up {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: multiple speakers} 456: We had colored men that {C: multiple speakers} Took care of that {C: multiple speakers} Taking care of them you know and um {C: multiple speakers} Getting them ready for her when she wanted to use them {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: multiple speakers} What about um {C: multiple speakers} 456: But the others uh they had some mules {C: multiple speakers} And that we used in connection with his business and that was over there where the stair was after you moved the stair Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh The place now that's where you turn animals out to graze You'd call that the Aux: Pasture 456: Mm-hmm Pasture uh-huh Interviewer: #1 What was that # 456: #2 Pasture # #1 P-A-S-T-U-R-E # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And um Did you ever see a a little fenced in place inside the pasture where you Could keep cows over night for milking them maybe 456: I don't know About that Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear of milk gap or cowpen or # 456: #2 I suppose so # Oh yeah I've heard of cowpen Interviewer: What's that 456: Well I just figured it was just a Place that was fenced off If they wanted to keep the cows up you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They'd put her in there if they didn't want to keep her up {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 Either they called it a cowpen or a cow lot # 456: Oh cow lot #1 Cowpen cow lot mm-hmm # Aux: #2 And usually they'd have those around the house not out in the pasture though # Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Did you have anything else besides cows or Or horses 456: Well There have been times when we had chickens but Not too Often Interviewer: Uh-huh What about um Some The animal that you get pork from 456: Hogs Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh did did you have some # 456: #2 Mm-hmm my daddy used to # have them but he didn't have them at the house he had them over there near the In the area of this Uh turpentine still Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did he have them just running Loose or did he #1 Have them fenced in # 456: #2 No he had them fenced in # Now there was a time when he had them running loose he owned this peninsula Where the state park is you know And there was a time uh for several years he had them running loose over there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And then he would go over Uh and get some of them and then bring them Over here and pen them up and though then Then they would Get them In or {X} Um Fit for Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Food you know Interviewer: #1 What uh-huh # 456: #2 Cause they would feed them in different # Things than what they had over on the Peninsula If you just killed them right off the peninsula they tasted fishy Interviewer: Oh really 456: Uh-huh because that's what they ate Over there you know they ate a lot of fish And uh Seafood And they would They would taste fishy If you just kill them right off but he would bring them over here and feed them on corn and And Whatever they fed Hogs on you know to fatten them And then they would lose that taste you see Interviewer: What'd they call then pen they put them in 456: Just a pen Interviewer: #1 The hog pen or pig # 456: #2 Pigpen # Interviewer: #1 Huh okay # 456: #2 Pigpen {NW} pigpen # Interviewer: #1 And um # 456: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Where did Where did people used to keep milk and butter before they had refrigerators 456: I don't know Now some people had um We used to have an ice box Af- after the ice plant was Put up here you know that was when I was quite small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: So we've had ice until we started uh Using electricity you know and buying our electric refrigerators We used ice boxes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And there'd be a section for the ice and then uh All the food would be put it would keep the whole area Cold you know through those Things that you wanted to keep extremely cold you'd stick it right down there like butter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Usually stick it right on the ice you know right in the box Where the ice Was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And when they'd come by they'd bring the ice everyday they'd come by and They'd saw the ice Blocks off you know according to what size you wanted And that uh The ice would come off in little chips and the kids would run up and catch that ice you know out of the chips and And uh We always looked forward to catching that ice once they sawed it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Cause that was fun Interviewer: {NW} 456: And it was good Interviewer: Uh-huh And a a farm where they had a A lot of Milk cows and Sell the milk You'd call that a 456: Dairy Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: But we didn't have any Around here #1 We had a {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: That had to be brought in Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Uh except those people who had a cow you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And they depended on they provided it for themselves Interviewer: Did you ever hear of um The word dairy having any other meanings 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Okay and um A place around the barn where you could let the The um cows and mules and Other animals walk around A fenced in place 456: Well as we said uh We probably called it cow lot Interviewer: Uh-huh And uh You know when Uh I don't guess they ever raised cotton much in this area 456: Mm-mm No Interviewer: Do you know what they call it when they go out with the hoe and they thin the cotton out Have you ever heard an expression for that 456: Well I just call it the Just call it hoeing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Hoeing the cotton # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course it means hoeing between not Right on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear chop 456: Cultivating Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about chopped cotton #1 Did you ever hear that # 456: #2 No # Mm-mm Interviewer: And um You say cotton grows in a 456: There's a lot of cotton in Georgia But uh Where uh we haven't Ever had any cotton in this area Interviewer: Uh-huh But the big 456: But they used to bring it in here Uh In the old days before this town was you know When the old city was here they used to bring cotton in here and ship it on Boats Interviewer: Hmm What um Say If someone had a big area Of corn or something planted you'd say you had a corn 456: I would just say crop Interviewer: Okay or 456: I don't know Interviewer: Or just a big area You'd call that the 456: Farm patch Interviewer: #1 Okay what about # 456: #2 Well when {X} we just had a garden spot # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: You know we just called it the garden or uh corn patch if it was just corn we'd call it corn patch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But my daddy always had a garden Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we just called it the garden Plant vegetables, watermelons, some sugar cane and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh all kinds of cantaloupes and All kind of stuff you know Interviewer: What what if it's a lot bigger than a patch Then what would it be 456: Well I guess you'd just call it a crop Well I a crop would be what you would uh Would realize from it of course I don't know you see #1 Your questions don't really apply # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 456: You know #1 To us # Interviewer: #2 Yes # 456: And I just wonder what value they'll be to you from Getting it from me Interviewer: Well 456: Because we have nothing to do with farming whatsoever and this #1 Area is just a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: Uh we have to have those things brought In you know Except for the little gardens that people have And we had a garden for a while Over on the other street And um Uh there are a few people around who have a small Garden #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: As far as farming's concerned it's just I'm not #1 An authority {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 456: #1 On it and it has nothing to do with this area # Interviewer: #2 What about uh-huh # #1 Not all the questions are are that specific and you know # 456: #2 Or the whole town mm-hmm # Interviewer: Um What kind of fences did people used to have 456: Well Some had rail fences some had Well in town Out in the gar- in the Farming areas I guess they had Rail fences mostly But we had Picket fences that were you know They were pretty Interviewer: #1 What what did they look like # 456: #2 And uh # Well Uh they they would be Pieces of wood about so Just strips of wood about Interviewer: #1 Two or three inches # 456: #2 That wide maybe two or three inches wide and # Would go up in a point some of them were fancy And some of them were not And then some people would have wire fences that they bought And of course they'd have a post to tie them up to but Mostly around our houses we had Picket Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Fences because they were attractive Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh Interviewer: Call that a 456: I don't remember {C: static} Interviewer: What What was that you just said at the end 456: Well uh We used to use A china Egg it's just a white egg made out of china was shaped like the other eggs you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But I don't remember what they called it I don't remember hearing anybody calling it anything special Interviewer: Mm-hmm What would you use to carry water in? 456: Well we always had water we didn't have to we didn't have to bring it from any distance we had water piped in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh I suppose uh when we first moved down here they probably had a well I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But from the time that I can remember personally we had water piped in from the ground uh there was a Uh I've said there was an outside stairway Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: On this building uptown that's That's about as far back as I can remember cause that's that's where we were living when I can My first remembrance Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh there was a staircase that was on This side of the building and it went up to the top second floor And it went around the back of the building And um Uh There was a pump Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Attached to this pipe That came all the way from the ground you know and I used to climb over that uh Banister there was a banister around the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: All the way Around that The this little porch on the back all the way down to the s- The staircase Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh I used to Climb over that banister when I was four Years old and slide down that banister Interviewer: {NW} 456: You know #1 All the way to the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: ground it was high it was way up that uh You know the in that day the The ceilings were so very high and uh The um That second story was way up here. {C: laughing} And I used to climb Climb over that you know and slide down and scare my momma to death #1 But # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 456: I did it Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And those uh there was no kind of porch around on the front of that building there was a porch And but it was just across the front there wasn't any across the side and I'd go in some of those rooms and open that window in there and climb that on that window sill and sit there and swing my legs {C: laughing} out the side of that window It's a wonder Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Something didn't happen to me Interviewer: What'd people used to milk into 456: Pail a milk pail. Interviewer: Uh-huh What would that be made out of 456: Well I uh tin I suppose Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: It didn't the milk didn't stay in there any longer than they could get it in the house and do something with it Interviewer: #1 What about something # 456: #2 Some kind of milk # bucket I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 They may have # used different things. Interviewer: #1 When you # 456: #2 hmm # Interviewer: talk about a bucket Are you pict- Is that the same thing as a #1 pail? # 456: #2 Pail uh-huh # Interviewer: Mm-hmm And something that you might have in the The kitchen to Throw scraps in for the hog Carry out to the hogs 456: Well We just had a A garbage pail Interviewer: Uh-huh But what'd they call that bucket that they'd They'd use for Um You know put the The scraps and the #1 dish water # 456: #2 Well we just # called it a garbage pail. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: That's all. Interviewer: Did you ever hear um 456: Or you just make what scraps in a ball and dump it out on the ball and you know some cooking pot or something. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: I don't know different people do different things. Interviewer: Did you ever hear um 456: Now this {NW} Uh all these these things we're talking about Things that happened a long time ago you know we don't do those things now Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of swill bucket or slop Bucket or 456: Well I've heard of it but we never used it Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Used Well I have heard slop bucket too Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um The things that people would cook in What different things did they have 456: Oh well there were some iron pots But mostly I think people used enamel ware Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever see real old fashioned things like maybe for cooking on a fireplace 456: Well I've seen some but we never cooked on fire place I never saw anybody cook on #1 the fireplace. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # What would you use nowadays say to fry eggs in 456: Mm just same thing you'd use Interviewer: #1 And what what would you call that # 456: #2 {NW} # Well frying pan Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Is that what you call it? Interviewer: Um 456: Or griddle. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Well you know the griddle is the flat thing you cook the bread on Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But the frying pan is Is deep enough to put the grease in #1 of course or # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: we use deep fat fryers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever see a kind of frying pan that had little legs on it 456: Mm-hmm Never had one but I've seen them Interviewer: Do you remember what that was called? 456: Those those you could sit in the #1 fireplace. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: You know But we never did it and I never we never had any Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about uh The um The big Black thing that you'd h- That people Would um Use to heat up water to boil clothes in Did you ever see one of those 456: Mm-hmm Uh pot We just called it a wash pot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course It wasn't we didn't wash in it Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 We just # boiled the clothes in there. And uh We used to have one when I was real small in our backyard And a colored woman came up there and Did it you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh Most of the time through the years we sent the clothes to the quarters it was Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: It was a little while that uh We used this pot in the backyard and then there was a colored woman that came and um Took care of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But that's what we called it just a wash pot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course The actual scrubbing we used uh These Uh big old wash tubs you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: You use one for washing and one for rinsing or maybe more than one for rinsing Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did um people raise cane in this area 456: My daddy did Interviewer: #1 What did # 456: #2 He's the only # one I know He didn't raise it for making syrup or anything like that it was just for For chewing Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever see anyone make syrup 456: No I've Been um I've seen it in the movies and I've seen Where oh Relatives that lived in the country you know I've seen where they made it and I knew that they How they ground it And the horse pulling the things around you know and I've seen it I have seen Oh one time I saw some cooking Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Cooking # the syrup. Interviewer: What'd they #1 cook it in # 456: #2 And they'd # skim it. Oh they had Huge troughs Um Some kind of metal troughs And they would skim the stuff off you know And uh As it it would go from one trough to another and they'd skim it off The s- the Waste off of it you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 So that it would # Be clear When you'd go through But I know so much of that I've just I think one time I saw some Somebody cooking syrup Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But I didn't see the whole process Interviewer: You know what they call that Big Thing that could hold about sixty gallons that That they'd cook the syrup in 456: I don't know They may have called it a drum. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um say if you wanted to um Heat up some water to make some tea in You might make it in a tea 456: Tea pot. Interviewer: Or the The thing that um It's got the The spout to it and everything 456: Well we just call it tea pot Interviewer: Uh-huh What about um A word that starts with a K 456: What? {C: background noise} Interviewer: A word that starts with a K {C: background} 456: I'm sorry uh I didn't understand your question {NS} Aux: Hello. 456: Hello. {NS} Aux: Uh {NS} This is my wife #1 here. # Aux 2: #2 {X} # I'm Paul Smith I {C: name should be beeped out} #1 sell {X} # Aux: #2 sells fence and # #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Barbara Rutledge. {C: name should be beeped out} # Aux 2: Hi. Aux: Have a seat #1 Paul # Aux 2: #2 Alright. # He's got a coat that's a little too big and I'm gonna Pin it up. 456: Mm-hmm I see Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a kittle or a kettle? 456: Kettle uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever call the wash cloth the the kettle? 456: Mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: And um Something that That you could um Put flowers in if you went out and cut some flowers you'd put them in a 456: Vase. Interviewer: Okay. #1 What if you # 456: #2 Or a # Well {C: background} Just different different kinds of containers they wouldn't even have Necessarily #1 be a vase # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And um Say if you were Setting a the table You'd give everyone a plate and then next to the plate you'd give them a {multiple speakers} To eat with you'd have a 456: Well your silver Knife fork and spoon but Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 456: #2 we just # we had the same things we have now. Interviewer: What um #1 Say nowadays if you serve steak # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: I might use steak knives. Interviewer: #1 Okay and um # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Say if the You say after she washes the dishes then she what them in clear water? 456: Rinse. Interviewer: You say so she 456: Would rinse them R-I-N-S-E. Interviewer: And um the cloth or rag used when you're washing dishes 456: Call it a dish cloth or dish rag. Interviewer: Okay 456: Either way. Interviewer: And drying dishes 456: Mm-hmm Well we'd usually say #1 dish towel # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: for dr- for the 456: Ones that we use for drying. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about Bathing your face 456: Well in the old days as I said they We had this uh wash stand with #1 a pitcher in the # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: #1 And the bowl that you would wash and if you were uh # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: outdoors There might be a Pump or a Long time ago there'd be #1 a pump outdoors as well as inside # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: And uh if you were out playing you know you but there was a pan there a wash pan there #1 And you could run wash up # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 Face and hands # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: There at least your hands #1 you know before you go to meals. # Aux: #2 {X} # Yeah. We did that outside sometimes I mean out on 456: #1 back on the porch # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 456: #1 You know near the kitchen # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 456: But Interviewer: #1 What about a {X} # 456: #2 Course after # #1 after we # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: had um water in the house you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh after we had um City water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course we had our bathrooms indoors and And um It's just like it is now Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: And that's been quite a long time Interviewer: What would you call the The cloth or rag you use to bathe your face with 456: #1 It's a wash rag # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 Wash or wash rag or wash cloth # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Okay # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 And um # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Say if you were gonna Turn on the water you'd go to the sink and turn on the 456: Spicket Aux: {X} Interviewer: And um something similar to that outside that you could hook your hose up to 456: Well it'd be the same thing It'd just be an outside spicket Interviewer: Okay What about on a barrel 456: On a barrel Interviewer: Uh-huh would you call it the same use the term say on a water barrel Would you call that a spicket 456: #1 No I suppose you could I don't know # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Okay 456: Never had one Aux: {X} Interviewer: And um Did you ever hear of a A stand of lard And um say you wanted to To pour some water into A Body with a narrow mouth something like a coke bottle you'd Use 456: Funnel. Interviewer: Okay 456: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster you'd hit them with a 456: Whip Interviewer: And um Say if you bought some Fruit at the store down there the grocer would put it in a 456: Mm he'd just uh put it in a A bag Interviewer: Okay What would that 456: Shopping bag uh Uh-huh What would that be made out Interviewer: #1 of? # 456: #2 Or # grocery bag Usually paper If you buy shopping bags course they can be made out of anything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um What did Say fifty pounds of flour Used to come in Twenty-five or fifty pounds 456: I don't know we never did I think I used to get them in barrels but we never did Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Buy it like that Interviewer: Or what if it's something out of cloth They'd come in 456: Flour sack Interviewer: Okay And um What about feed For cattle You know that That kind of rough cloth Do you know what I mean? Aux: {X} 456: Well you'd just call them feed sacks I suppose Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I don't know. Interviewer: You know that that rough brown cloth 456: Oh I know what you're talking about now that um Uh {NS} You can make {C: distorted audio} Beautiful things out of those things and art things I can't remember right now I think I've been Interviewer: Did you ever call it tow sack or croker sack? 456: Croker uh-huh {NS} I don't know how it's spelled {C: static, background speech} I've just heard it. #1 I've never seen it spelled. I don't know. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What did you hear it? 456: #1 Croker it sounded like croker sack to me # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 But I don't know how # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 I don't know how it really is supposed to be that's just the way I've heard it # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: {X} Interviewer: And um Say if someone was Was gonna take some Corn to the mill to be ground Did you ever hear an expression for the amount of corn that you'd take 456: Mm-hmm I don't know it could #1 be # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 Any measurement I suppose # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: {X} 456: #1 Bushel or half bushel or peck or # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I don't know. As I said that's out of my range Interviewer: Uh What about if someone went outside to And got as much wood as he could carry With both his arms #1 You'd say he had # 456: #2 Could just say # a load of wood. Interviewer: Okay #1 Oh # 456: #2 We # had a stack of wood in the yard and we'd bring a load of wood in Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever call that an arm? Aux: {X} #1 {X} # 456: #2 No. # Interviewer: Huh? 456: You mean an armload? Interviewer: Yeah what would you #1 say? # 456: #2 Well # you could if you wanted to we just say load of wood. Course we We wouldn't need a Wagon load or anything like that cause it's just bringing a personal load into the kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Did you ever hear the # 456: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The expression a turn of wood 456: Mm-hmm Aux 2: Yeah. Aux: Oh is that right? Interviewer: And um Say if the If the light wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new Nowadays 456: Well I I don't understand your #1 question # Interviewer: #2 That # that thing there You'd have to sc- If uh It wasn't burning you'd have to change the 456: Change the bulb? Interviewer: Okay And uh Someone's gonna carry the wash up to hang it on the line you might carry it out in a clothes 456: Clothes basket. I don't understand now what um What value Uh these questions are to you in your report? Because we live here just like they do everywhere else and we do have we have the same things we have the same {NS} I don't know we h- we probably s- Call these things the same thing you do now way back in the early days it might have been Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Different # Expressions but Aux: {X} Interviewer: #1 Well it # 456: #2 I just # don't understand. Interviewer: There are several different expressions Even now like um 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What you call a croker sack Um My father grew up in Alabama and he called it gunny sack 456: A what? Interviewer: #1 Gunny sack. # 456: #2 Gunny sack. # I've heard that term. {C: distorted audio} But I didn't realize that's what they were talking about. Interviewer: Uh-huh Or Um tow sack or Um There's a lot of different #1 expressions # 456: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: And then Some of these here They're just different um Different Ways of pronouncing You know 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: So it's It's pretty useful 456: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 With the # I know it sounds That some of these things you know that there couldn't be any difference in In what people would say But there really is Do you remember um On the barrel The the Things that would run around the barrel to hold the wood in place Do you remember what they were called 456: No S- My daddy used to make uh barrels Interviewer: #1 The the # 456: #2 I guess # the pieces of wood were called staves weren't they? Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And the uh Metal band what the Metal bands that went around them to hold them together Um I don't remember Interviewer: Did you ever hear hoops or hoops? 456: Barrel hoops. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And um Something Like a barrel that Nails used to come in 456: Keg Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Those are those'll be small Interviewer: Mm-hmm Say if you opened a bottle and then wanted to close it back up you Might stick in a 456: {D: Huh} Well we just call them stopper. Interviewer: Uh-huh What what would that be made out of 456: Cork Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um #1 This is # 456: #2 Could be # rubber. Interviewer: Uh-huh A musical instrument that You play like this 456: Well we usually called it a harp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh Or a mouth organ {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We usually said harp though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something that would go like this Did you ever see that 456: I don't know whether I know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Did you ever hear Jew's 456: Oh Jew's harp Jew's harp. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Mm-hmm We usually just called it har- a harp Interviewer: And um Something that you'd you'd pound nails with would be a 456: Hammer Interviewer: And um Say if The these These questions may be a little Specific But um Talking about a wagon The long wooden piece that comes between the horses 456: The tongue. Interviewer: Okay 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And If you have a horse and a buggy You have to back the horse between the 456: I don't know I've forgotten Interviewer: And um On a wagon wheel You'd have the hub and then The spokes'd come out and they'd fit in the 456: Mm I don't know There would be uh the rim of the Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Of the wheel but I don't know of any other name for it Interviewer: Is the rim the metal part that touches the ground 456: Yeah I would think so Interviewer: Uh-huh And um Say if you have a Horse hitched to a wagon The bar of wood that the traces are fastened to Did You're not Familiar with that 456: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Um do you ever hear swingletree or singletree or 456: Oh well I probably have but it didn't mean that Much to me Interviewer: Yeah Say if a If a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you'd say that he was Doing what 456: Well I guess he was just transporting wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever hear of hauling wood or 456: #1 Oh hauling wood yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What's that? 456: Hauling uh-huh Hauling'd be a good word Interviewer: Okay And um The thing that the The wheels of the wagon fit into that that comes across you'd call that the 456: The axle Interviewer: Okay And um Say if there was a log across the road you might say I tied a chain To it and I What it out of the way 456: I don't know Interviewer: Well you could say Pulled it out of the way or Another word you might use would be I 456: I drug it Interviewer: Okay And you say we have what many logs out of that road 456: Well You could say we have drug Interviewer: Okay And um What'd you The first thing that you'd use to To break up the ground with #1 In the spring # 456: #2 A plow # Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you hear of Different kinds of plows #1 Hear any different {X} # 456: #2 Well um # My daddy had a little garden plow Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Just a little small plow Interviewer: Mm-mm 456: And then a hand plow {C: background speech, distorted audio} or a plow that would be pulled by An animal Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something with teeth in it that could break up the ground even finer than a plow Aux: Harrow. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of that? #1 Harrow or # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: harrow? 456: yeah but I don't know too much about farming from those Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: We had a little garden plow daddy always kept a small Garden plow he did have A little hand plow and then he If he wanted to Go deeper you know he'd use a larger plow that um Used an animal to pull it It'd be too much for him Interviewer: Say if someone #1 was # 456: #2 That was # just in the garden you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Say if you were gonna uh Chop a log or Um Saw Saw some boards and A frame that you might set the log in Maybe an egg shaped frame Did you ever see one of those 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What if um What about something you could lay boards across to saw them 456: Well These things that they call horses don't they Two of them and lay the Boards across them Interviewer: And um You say if You'd straighten your hair using a comb and a 456: Brush Interviewer: Okay if you were going to use that you'd say you were going to 456: I'd just say I was going to brush my hair {C: distorted audio} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 456: #2 Comb it. # Interviewer: And um 456: {NW} Interviewer: You'd sharpen a straight razor on a leather 456: Strap. Interviewer: And the thing that you put in a pistol 456: Bullet Interviewer: Okay or or another name for that 456: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear cart? 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Cartridge or {X} 456: Oh cartridge uh-huh sure. Interviewer: And uh Something that the children can play on you take a board and lay it across a trestle and It'd go up and #1 down. # 456: #2 See-saw. # Interviewer: Huh 456: See-saw. Interviewer: Okay And if some children were playing on that you'd say they were 456: You'd say they're see-sawing Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Did you ever hear of taking a board and Fixing it at both ends and children would jump on it 456: Mm-hmm I don't know what you called it though Interviewer: Was it built kind of like a see-saw or 456: Well Uh the ones that I've seen would be Something in the middle it was fastened to But it would be loose so that it could go up and #1 down. # Aux: #2 It'd # be lower to the ground too Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something that um You'd take a plank and Anchor it in the middle and it It would Swing around and around 456: Mm I don't know would you call it merry go round Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any older names for that Flying Jenny or #1 flying # 456: #2 No. # Interviewer: horse or 456: Merry-go-rounds {C: distorted audio} the only name #1 I know # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # And you might tie a A long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a 456: Swing. Interviewer: And uh something that you You'd carry coal in would be a 456: Well a coal bucket I suppose I {D: don't know} Interviewer: Okay And um the thing that runs through the stove up to the chimney The 456: The pipe stove pipe? Interviewer: Okay 456: But to me that is it's We called we called it chimney though we called the pipe chimney. Interviewer: Uh-huh Um Say if you were gonna move bricks or something heavy like that You might put them in a little Vehicle that Has a Little wheel up front and two handles 456: I uh Interviewer: Do you ever hear wheel Wheel Barrow or wheel barrow 456: Oh {NW} I didn't know what {X} that we called wheel barrow Interviewer: Okay 456: You know for Picking up leaves and that sort of #1 thing # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: Trash. {NS} Getting it out of the way and Interviewer: What did people use to um Sharpen their tools on 456: Uh would that be a lathe L-A-T-H-E. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or a {NS} Interviewer: What about something that would Big thing um That would turn around and around that you could use to To sharpen an ax or something on 456: I don't know what you call it Interviewer: Grinding rock maybe. 456: He said grinding rock. Interviewer: Did you ever 456: But I don't I haven't have had many experiences with anything like that Interviewer: Uh-huh What's 456: Seen them in the movies Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever see something Small that you could hold in your hands And sharpen a knife on 456: A knife sharpener Interviewer: Or some Did you ever hear of wet 456: Whetstone. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Whetstone. # Mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you used to have those? 456: I think I have a piece in the jar now I have a little piece of something About this long that I use to Sharpen my knives Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um The thing that people drive nowadays You'd call that a 456: Hmm You mean automobile? Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 Any other names # 456: #2 We just call it # A car. Interviewer: Okay 456: Or auto Interviewer: And um Say if If something was squeaking to lubricate you'd say you had to 456: Grease it Interviewer: And so yesterday he 456: uh-huh he greased it he oiled it Or whatever you want to say - Interviewer: And if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 456: They're greasy Oily Interviewer: The say if your door hinge was squeaky you'd put a few drops of 456: Well household oil on it Interviewer: Okay And um Did you ever hear of um Anybody making a lamp 456: Mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: How how was that done 456: Well Uh we have a cousin that uh got old uh milk pails that they had long time ago you\ #1 know? # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: And they'd um Lamps out of those Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: He'd use that for the base and then he'd attach a lamp to it and put a shade on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Decorate it up you know in keeping with Base Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And so those huge old Metal uh Milk bottles that they used a long long time ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did 456: But uh People have made lamps out of a lot of different things it's just a variety just {D: just} Take a piece of drift wood and use it for the #1 base and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: {D: that shone} A light to it Interviewer: Did you ever hear of people making a A lamp using a ker- uh Kerosene lamp 456: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Themselves # 456: No I don't believe so We used to have kerosene lamps before we had electric lights Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever hear of something called a flambeau 456: Well I've heard of flambeau but I don't know what Much about it Was that a light? Interviewer: But Well so Um something that That people would make yourselves 456: Mm I don't know nothing about it Interviewer: Uh-huh And inside the tire of the car you have the inner 456: Inner tube Interviewer: And say if someone had just filled the boat and they were going to put it in the water for the first time You'd say that they were #1 going to # 456: #2 Launch it. # Interviewer: Huh 456: Launch it. Interviewer: Okay What different types of boats do people have around here 456: Well there's skiffs Those are little Small boats that they use a paddle with Or oar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And Then they have larger boats that they use for fishing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um Um Then they had the larger boats still larger boats with cabins cruisers That sort of thing {C: distorted audio} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of anything called a bateau 456: Bateau uh-huh that's sort of like skiff I think Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Just another word for it Interviewer: Where do you take the the skiff or the bateau 456: We- You can take them out on the lakes or out in the bay Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Usually do well I suppose a pond or Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Whether you wanted to Course I wouldn't think you'd use them in real rough water Interviewer: Mm-hmm I was wondering if it was Something you'd use particularly in In shallower areas or 456: No I would think so You just paddle around and Not real too far out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: With those small boats I wouldn't think Interviewer: Say if a Woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color You'd say she'd take along a little square of cloth #1 To use with her # 456: #2 Oh a sample # Interviewer: And um If she saw a dress that she liked very much she'd say the dress was very 456: Well I don't know Attractive whatever Interviewer: Okay Any other words 456: Well you could say it was cute or it's darling or it's precious or #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 456: use all kinds of words Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Course those words wouldn't mean anything some of them Interviewer: What might a woman wear over a dress in the kitchen 456: Apron Interviewer: And um to sign your name in ink you'd use a 456: Pen Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place 456: Tabs {NW} Pampers now safety pins But most of them don't use pins anymore Interviewer: Uh-huh Um 456: They use those little Diapers with With tabs on them that will stick Interviewer: And a dime is worth 456: Ten cents Interviewer: And um If it was real cold before you went outside you'd put on your 456: Sweater or coat Jacket Interviewer: Uh-huh And um What does a man wear to church on Sunday 456: He wears his Suit. Interviewer: Okay what what parts are there To the suit 456: Well Coat and pants I guess Interviewer: Any other name for pants 456: Trousers Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a long time ago they used to wear three piece suits 456: Vest Interviewer: Okay And um Something that a man might might wear if he was working out around the On the farm 456: You're probably talking about overalls Interviewer: Okay 456: Or jumper suits Interviewer: Uh-huh And um You say that coat won't fit this year but last year it What perfectly 456: Hmm Just say it fit perfectly last year Interviewer: Okay And say if a if a man had an important interview and his clothes weren't in very good shape He'd go out and buy a brand 456: A brand new suit Interviewer: And um if you stuck a lot of things in your pockets it makes them 456: Bulgy Interviewer: Mm-kay And you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it 456: {D: drew up} Shrank I don't how you would say I wonder what the past tense for that is Would shrink Shrank I don't know whether shrank is the right word or not Interviewer: Uh-huh You say um 456: #1 Or you could # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: might say it has shrunk Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: It has shrunk but it shrank I think that's right I don't know Interviewer: If a woman liked to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to 456: Well she likes to dress Interviewer: Mm-hmm Would you say that about a man? 456: Yes I would think so Interviewer: What if she likes to spend a lot of time in front of the mirror and you know 456: Primp Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you say that about a man? 456: I think you can because there's some of them that primp more than women do Interviewer: Uh-huh And a little um container you can carry coins in would be a 456: Coin purse Interviewer: Mm-kay And something that a woman might wear around her wrist 456: Wristwatch Interviewer: Or a #1 Piece of j- # 456: #2 Bracelet # Interviewer: Huh 456: Or a bracelet Interviewer: Okay And say if you had a lot of little things strung up together And put around your neck you'd call #1 that a # 456: #2 Necklace. # Interviewer: Or say if it was beads you'd call that a What of beads a 456: Well you could say a string of beads Interviewer: Uh-huh Would you ever say pair of beads 456: I wouldn't Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Because pair is two And you'd have a bunch of beads on there Interviewer: Uh-huh What did uh Men used to wear to hold up their pants 456: Oh they used to use suspenders Interviewer: Mm-hmm And To hold over you when it rains you'd carry a 456: Umbrella Parasol Interviewer: Uh-huh And the last um thing that you put on a bed 456: Spread Interviewer: Any old fashioned thing? 456: I don't know if people used to put quilts on them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But We never did we used something for over the quilt if we used a quilt Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Coverlet Interviewer: What's a coverlet? 456: Well it's a spread Interviewer: Is it something you'd Make or? 456: Not necessarily you'd buy A coverlet just like you would a spread just it just Spread is all it is Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Put on top of your sheets and your Uh covers whatever they are your Blankets or whatever you use Interviewer: Mm-hmm And at the head of the bed you'd put your head on a 456: Pillow Interviewer: Did you ever see anything um twice as long as a pillow 456: Are you talking about bolsters? Interviewer: Mm-hmm How #1 How far across # 456: #2 You'd use # The bolsters that would Go across the entire bed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But it's not used for sleeping it's just for For mak- for using it on the bed when it's it's made up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: If it's not being used Interviewer: And um Say if you had a Um A lot of Company maybe and didn't have enough beds for everyone for the children you might make a 456: A pallet Interviewer: #1 Okay # 456: #2 On the floor # Interviewer: What different types of land are there? 456: Don't know what you're referring to Interviewer: Well say um A flat um Land along a #1 stream or # 456: #2 Oh well are you # talking about flatlands or hilly lands? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Talking about that? # Interviewer: What about um 456: Well we have flat lands around here Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do but along a stream especially that's The real rich Soil good for Did you ever hear um bottom land or lowland or 456: I would guess I've heard of 'em Interviewer: What did you hear that called? 456: Well I've heard it called bottom land or lowlands Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But we don't have them around here Interviewer: Mm-hmm What types of land 456: We just have plains. Flatlands here because we don't we don't have any hills around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Flat country. Interviewer: What about um A grass land that's Um Maybe good for For raising cattle or something 456: Well again that's out in the country Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Our grass lands are just for Making yards look pretty and so forth Lawns Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a a meadow or prairie 456: Oh yes Interviewer: What's that 456: Hmm Interviewer: What did you hear? 456: I've heard the words Interviewer: Did did people use that Was that a common word around here? 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Just some- just something you #1 read? # 456: #2 No # we don't have any prairies and we don't have any Any of those around here so we don't use the word very #1 much. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 456: Unless we're talking about some place else Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um Land that's got water standing in it Good Filled to #1 the top. # 456: #2 You # talking about ponds? Lakes? Interviewer: Or something um Maybe some trees and and sort of wet Area Where you might find alligators 456: Oh Well swamp lands Interviewer: Uh-huh What do what are you talking about swamp or are you picturing something that has trees in it or #1 not? # 456: #2 mm-hmm # Swampy and water and Trees Flowers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or just whatever grows naturally Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: In that area Interviewer: Is this fresh water 456: Well I would think so. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about the long um Along the the gulf or the bay that Um Sort of a a wet place where you have a lot of that 456: A lot of grassy stuff. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Oh I can't think of the word that we use for that. People get out there to To Shoot the ducks Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever talk about a marsh or a bayou? 456: Marsh mm-hmm Marsh lands Interviewer: Uh-huh is that That that That you were referring to 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about bayou? 456: Well bayou Uh to me is a is a body of water Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: We have a bayou here Uh my daughter has built Just b- recently built a home right um On the bayou Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh there Are houses on both sides all the way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And That to me that's what bayou is Interviewer: Is it 456: It runs into the bay Interviewer: Uh-huh It's smaller than a bay? But 456: #1 Oh it's just a # Interviewer: #2 Kind of like that # 456: It's Just a narrow body of water Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 and it runs # into the bay. Interviewer: What about something that um People have made by cutting a 456: Ditches Interviewer: Uh-huh Or Say if it's big enough for a boat to go through 456: Canal Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Say if If you had a Some land that was a little bit swampy and you wanted to Get the water off you'd say you wanted to 456: Drain it Interviewer: And the things that you dug 456: Ditches Drain ditches. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about something along the The side of the road to carry the water off 456: Well those would just be ditches Interviewer: Mm-hmm And say if you had heavy rain and the The rain water cut out a little Channel Would you call that a ditch or 456: Well I don't know could be Trench? Interviewer: Mm-hmm What if the The water washed up just a huge area maybe about this wide and real deep 456: Oh well what you'd call it a wash out Interviewer: Okay And um What different types of Of say You might say we stuck a big crop in that field because the soil is very 456: Rich Interviewer: Or another word you might use The soil is very f- 456: Fertile Interviewer: Okay What different types of soil are there? 456: I don't know There are a lot of different types of soils clay Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Sand {D: look}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Well there's a lot of different Interviewer: Did you ever hear of something called loam? #1 Or loom? # 456: #2 mm-hmm # Yes Interviewer: What's that? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: What um different Types of streams do you have in this area Or what are some of the names of some of the the streams you have? 456: Well I don't I don't know the bayous we just call bayou And uh we don't have any eh streams right Here now that there's a canal down you know a few miles from here There's another canal that um That comes um You know Out {D: back behind the bayous} Out in that that area Interviewer: Do what's the #1 name of it # 456: #2 but uh # I I don't know we just call it the canal Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Then this big canal Uh Down up toward Wewahitchka We have to cross to go to Wewahitchka we just call it the canal {X} Interviewer: Is that that There's one road um You know three Three eighty-six #1 you know that? # 456: #2 I don't # know about three eighty-six Interviewer: Well on the road from say um Around the St Joe beach Uh Up to Wewahitchka You know there's a bridge that you cross Is that crossing a river or Is that a canal or 456: Well there's a canal I think you're probably talking about the canal If you're going from We- St Joe to Wewahitchka The only way I know to go is across the canal Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: That's in a coastal maybe 456: Well I know I don't know what it's called all I know is canal Interviewer: hmm Aux: We have two canals here One is the St Joe Canal out in Out in the bay And then a second then a coastal Canal that you cross between here and Wewahitchka out in White City That's what you call {NS} Interviewer: You mentioned a a little earlier a a branch 456: Oh that's just a little small body of water #1 that uh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 456: It's in the swampy areas you know it might cross the road Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: Course it doesn't now because the streets are paved but we just had old dirt roads then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh we had to cross uh Wade across #1 this # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: water to get Where we're going there were two branches that we used to cross Interviewer: Did they have names to them or? 456: No they were just branches. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about something larger than a branch? 456: Well uh Canals rivers I don't suppose you're referring to a river are you? Interviewer: I'd say uh from creek or #1 {X} # 456: #2 Creek? # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Yes. Interviewer: What's what was that? 456: Creek? A pond's the same thing isn't it Interviewer: A creek and a pond are #1 the same? # 456: #2 Aren't they # the same? Interviewer: Is that A What do you think of as pond? #1 Is that # 456: #2 I don't # know Ralph is it a creek a stream or is just like a lake? Pond Aux: A creek 456: Cross the creek Aux: A creek is a 456: #1 It's a is it a stream? # Aux: #2 {X} # It's Usually it's Larger than a what you call a branch you know or But it's a moving stream it's a running stream #1 a creek is # 456: #2 Creek. # Cross the creek uh-huh Aux: I Unless it's a Affected by tide water Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Now you do have some creeks that are affected by tide water Which is going Back and forth with the tide Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: But Ordinarily when they're not around uh Uh bay or anything like that why they They Just flowing stream all the time a creek is Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Smaller than a river but larger that what you call a regular #1 branch you know # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # What are some of the rivers that you have around here? 456: Well We don't have any right around here. We don't have any rivers close by Interviewer: Mm-hmm If if you were getting tired Or something we could Stop for a while Or I could come back later 456: Well uh It is time for lunch and I expect he's getting hungry I'm not too hungry Interviewer: Yeah 456: And I have to fix something But um Do you have many more questions? Interviewer: Yeah I'd need to come back Later some time #1 And talk some more # 456: #2 Well I # Are you going to be in this area for a few days? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Do do you know how long you'll be here? Interviewer: I'm not real sure um I was gonna talk to um mr Lupton Some I think Friday afternoon or Saturday afternoon 456: Well this is Wednesday Well um Could we make it sometime later nearer to the time you're gonna leave Because I've just got Dozens of letters I've #1 got to # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 456: write And uh I've That's Uh what I was doing when #1 you came # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: in you know and uh they have got to be taken care of right away Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Because it's This uh meeting is coming up Very soon and um w- They I need answers you know Interviewer: Yeah 456: And uh so I I really do need to be Working on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: So if you will Can come back nearer to the time that you're going Planning to leave I think it'd be better for me Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Or morning time would be better than the afternoon #1 {NW} # 456: #2 Yeah # morning would be better than the afternoon You know it'd stand up about this high Interviewer: What have you been Aux: #1 using it for? # 456: #2 But # Well I haven't really haven't used it very much uh Christmas time When I first got it Um Had all the family together singing carols you #1 know and things # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: like that and I got the children that The little things they said Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: All that sort of thing And I've recorded uh music Organ and Piano and um {NW} I haven't really haven't used it um As much as I should have Interviewer: Mm-hmm I I've never worked with a A stereo Thing at all Is does it sound very good With the music Does it give you the 456: Well it sounds real good yes it gives sounds real good but I haven't used the stereo yet Um I have to have another speaker Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh I didn't when I Bought it I didn't realize it required two speakers and #1 I got # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: I only got the one that that came with it But To u- to use the stereo I have to get the other speaker and I am going to do it but I like to compose music I've done a lot of things and {NW} I would like to get them on tape you know so that my daughter can have it Interviewer: What um instrument do you play? 456: Piano and organ Interviewer: Piano and organ usually. 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And you You taught that for 456: I taught piano I didn't teach organ I've let the children play Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Although a lot of times when they did real well on the piano I let them play the organ you know just a sort of reward But I didn't really teach them Interviewer: Oh There was one thing I forgot to To ask you The other day and Your How do you your first name 456: Maybel {C: this name should be beeped out} Interviewer: How do you s- 456: M-A-Y-B-E-L {C: should be beeped out} That's a little odd And because of the Y in it a lot people call me Maybelle but it isn't really {C: this name should be beeped out) Interviewer: Um We were talking about um Land Um A small rise in land you'd call a 456: Hill. Interviewer: Okay anything else 456: Well I don't know I think that's all I would call it Interviewer: And to to open the door you'd take hold of the door 456: Knob Interviewer: Do would you ever use that word knob talking about land? 456: Oh well I've {C: distorted audio} heard it used that way but um Not very #1 much # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # And something Much um Much bigger than a hill would be a 456: A mountain Interviewer: And um The rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp 456: Cliff Interviewer: Mm-kay and You're talking about more than one though You're talking about several 456: Oh Interviewer: #1 Or the {X} # 456: #2 You mean mountains # Interviewer: #1 Or the the # 456: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Talking about the cliff You talk about several 456: Cliffs Interviewer: And um A place where a boats stop and where freights unloaded 456: Dock Interviewer: Mm-kay any anything else 456: Oh Pier Interviewer: Okay what's the difference between a dock and a pier 456: Well I don't know I think that uh I think of a dock as being where as you said freight Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 is # unloaded And a pier Maybe where or smaller Thing oh Where Uh You tie up your small boats Interviewer: Is this um Do you picture all of this as being on the The gulf or Salt water or 456: Well it could be anywhere there's water a pond or Or a lake The bay Now we we've uh Had a railroad dock Out in our bay Years ago And we called that a dock and then there was uh Where we went swimming Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And where we tied up little small boats we called a pier And it was not as far out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: As the dock. Interviewer: The this railroad dock Is What do you mean by that? 456: Well uh It went way out into the water and the uh The ships came in floating Materials from this area Interviewer: And there was the the railroad line that #1 went up? # 456: #2 mm-hmm # the railroad the train went all the way out But that's been quite some time ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course they do have Dock out there now for the ships Come out to the paper mill Interviewer: That's that dock is right next to the Mill in there 456: I think so mm-hmm Interviewer: I saw it A big ship coming in The other day and I didn't know exactly where it was gonna Dock what Um Say if you had some some water flowing along and then suddenly it dropped over you'd call that a 456: Fall Interviewer: And um What different types of roads are there? 456: Highway Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Um Country roads Dirt roads Truck routes {NW} What else? Interviewer: Um What um What would you call a A road that has a a fence or Trees on both sides 456: Well Probably be but a country lane Interviewer: Mm-kay you think of a a lane as something that That How how do you picture a lane 456: Well just as you said Interviewer: That's got something on both sides of it 456: Mm-hmm And a wooded area Usually Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um the black sticky stuff that they use in making roads? 456: As- No not asphalt Uh Oh I can't think of it Interviewer: Well it The stuff that comes from the the pine trees I think 456: Oh that's tar Turpentine tar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Then when it dri- dries it's rosin Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um Something that Say if they don't have a paved road Um But they put Uh what what might they have If it's a 456: A dirt road Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 456: #2 Clay # road Interviewer: And what if they put little rocks on it 456: Well It could be a shell road or a Well if it's rocks it wouldn't be shell of course but Uh we did have a shell {C: distorted audio} road Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In this town To begin with the main part of town Interviewer: Was that oyster shells or 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Seems like that would be painful to walk on 456: Well they they were ground up you know They were in just little bits Pieces But the train when I was a tiny child uh The train came right through the middle of town Interviewer: Oh really? 456: And uh It it didn't come very far Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But Well the town didn't reach very far {NW} But it did come right through Uh Main Street I can remember seeing it When I was just a tiny child Interviewer: They've kind of Do they still um Is the railroad still as important Now as it Once was 456: Um Well it's not used as much in this area There was there's still a freight train Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But there hasn't been a passenger train for a good many years And it's important to the uh Paper mill #1 brings # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: paper uh Mainly it brings wood in you know paper mill Interviewer: A road that um That leads up to a person's house 456: I don't know what you're referring to Interviewer: Well say say that The turn off from the main road that that goes up to a person's house 456: I don't know Interviewer: Well the What do you have out there where you Park your car 456: Driveway Interviewer: Mm-kay And um What about a A smaller Um Well something that That you could maybe um Drive your the cattle over Say between a house and a barn or 456: Oh I think they call that a cattle gap don't {C: distorted audio} they Interviewer: Okay And um something along the The side of the street for people to walk on 456: Sidewalk Interviewer: And um Say if you were Well the If you were walking along and some Animal jumped out and scared you you might Say I picked up a 456: Stick? Interviewer: Okay and I #1 what? # 456: #2 Hit him? # Interviewer: Or I what it at #1 him # 456: #2 uh-huh # Oh we just say threw it at him Interviewer: Mm-kay any other words that people might use? 456: Well you might say I hurled it at him Interviewer: What about chunked or #1 {X} # 456: #2 Chunked? # well chunked is used too Interviewer: Do you use that word much yourself 456: No Interviewer: How does how does it sound to you does it seem a little Uneducated or country or 456: Well I've never thought too much about it I I think uh I would prefer threw Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Instead of chunked Interviewer: Okay and say if you went to someone's house and Knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say well I guess he's not 456: He's not at home Interviewer: And um Something that that people drink for breakfast 456: Coffee Interviewer: Mm-kay and if you were going to prepare some you'd say you were going to 456: I'd just say I was going to make some coffee Interviewer: And um 456: Some people would say brew a pot of coffee Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Or they would say that about about tea {C: distorted audio} Interviewer: Mm-hmm And talking about putting milk in coffee you'd say some people like it 456: With cream Interviewer: Okay or Or if they don't they like it 456: Well they liked it black Interviewer: Mm-kay Any other word for black coffee? 456: Well I don't know Just have Take mine without sugar or cream Interviewer: Mm-kay And um say someone was walking in your direction you'd say he's coming straight 456: To toward me Interviewer: And um if you'd gone into town and Happened to see a friend of yours that you hadn't Counted on seeing you'd say This morning I just happened to 456: Run into {NW} Interviewer: Okay And uh If a little girl is given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named a child 456: For her mother. Interviewer: And um 456: Or after her mother Interviewer: Mm-kay And these are some Animals some A kind of animal that barks 456: Dog Interviewer: Huh 456: A dog {D: and a squirrel} Interviewer: Okay If you wanted your dog to attack another dog you'd tell him to 456: {NW} Sic him on {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay 456: {NW} Interviewer: And what would you call just a a mixed breed dog you didn't know what kind he was 456: A mongrel Interviewer: Mm-kay What about a One of those little small noisy dogs 456: Well What about him? What do you want to know #1 about him? # Interviewer: #2 Any # any special names not Not breed names but just any 456: Mmm I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of {X} 456: Well that's a name of a breed isn't it? Interviewer: What What's a {X} look like is it 456: Oh I don't know I don't know Much about dogs Interviewer: Would you have um {X} Term for a Just a sort of worthless dog And um Say if you had a A real mean dog you might say You better be careful that dog'll 456: Well they could bite Interviewer: And you'd say #1 yes and # 456: #2 You could say # he's a bad dog Interviewer: Okay You say yesterday the dog 456: Bit Somebody Interviewer: And the person had to go to the doctor after he got 456: Bitten Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression dog bit So and so got dog bit 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Who would say that Would 456: Who would say it? Interviewer: Yeah would would you use that that expression yourself? 456: Well I don't know Probably say dog bitten Interviewer: Okay 456: I don't know I really ain't never had thought about it Interviewer: And um The kind of animal that you milk is a 456: Cow Interviewer: And um What do you call the male 456: A bull Interviewer: Mm-kay was that was that word always nice to use? 456: Well I never thought it was a very nice word Interviewer: What 456: But People use it in a lot of different ways say oh that's just bull #1 you # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: you know what you're talking about There's nothing to it Interviewer: But um Talking about the The cow that would If you didn't say bull When you were young what did you call it? 456: Well Steer? Interviewer: Would would there um Would you use a The steer to mean Would that mean the same thing as a bull 456: Well it's the same sex {NW} But I don't I don't know Interviewer: Was I was wondering if um If you said something like male cow or Something like #1 that. # 456: #2 No # I've never heard that Interviewer: Mm-kay And um A little cow when it's first born 456: A calf Interviewer: And if it's a female it's a 456: I don't know I don't think I Interviewer: Say if um if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say the cow was going to 456: Going to have a calf Interviewer: Did you ever hear any other expression for that Drop a calf or find a calf or #1 {X} # 456: #2 Well # I've heard of it I've Find a calf Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Um I've heard uh She's going to calve Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 too. # Interviewer: and the Kind of um Animals people might use to plow with 456: Mules usually I #1 think. # Interviewer: #2 mm-kay # And if you had two of those hitched together you'd call that a 456: A brace Or a Or a pair Interviewer: And um The animals that you ride are called 456: Horses Interviewer: And the female is a 456: Mare Interviewer: And the male 456: Stallion Interviewer: Mm-kay any other names for that 456: {NW} Interviewer: Does the word stallion sound a little bit vulgar to you 456: No I've never thought of it Interviewer: I mean it doesn't It doesn't strike you the same way #1 bull? # 456: #2 No. # Interviewer: And um You say everyone around here likes to what horses 456: Ride Interviewer: And you say last year he 456: Rode Interviewer: And uh but I've never 456: Ridden Interviewer: And if someone couldn't stay on the horse you'd say I fell 456: Fell off Interviewer: Okay say say that whole thing Fell 456: Fell off the horse Interviewer: And a little child that went to sleep in bed and woke up on the Floor in the morning say I guess I must've 456: Rolled out of bed Interviewer: And um The things that you put on the horse's feet to protect him 456: Uh shoes Interviewer: And um a game that you play with that 456: Oh yeah horseshoes Interviewer: Did you ever see um See a game similar Only played with rings instead of horseshoes? 456: Yes uh um The game is called horseshoes though I mean the game that I know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They use rings and #1 they # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: throw them just like you do the horse shoes But they still call it horseshoes Interviewer: Mm-kay And the parts of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on 456: The hoof Interviewer: And the plural of that is 456: Hooves Interviewer: And um Talking about sheep Um The male sheep is called a 456: Ewe Interviewer: Mm-kay That's that's a female though I think Do you know what the male is called 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: #1 What do people raise # 456: #2 What is it # Interviewer: A ram or #1 buck. # 456: #2 Oh that's # what I meant. Did you ever hear them Interviewer: #1 called # 456: #2 Oh yes # I've heard 'em called that Just Interviewer: They never had sheep around here What do people raise sheep for 456: Well for wool And for food Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Talking about hogs When it's when they're first born they're called 456: Pigs Interviewer: And then when they get a little older they're 456: Well they're hogs when they're grown Pigs and hogs are all I know Interviewer: Mm-kay what about the female 456: Mmm Sow Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 456: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What if she's never had pigs Do you know what she's called then 456: Hmm Interviewer: And the male Huh 456: No I don't know Interviewer: What about the male 456: Well I've heard the word boar That's another word that Offends me But uh I don't know Interviewer: What would you say if you wouldn't say boar 456: I don't know I'd just say male hog Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Say The the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back 456: Mm Interviewer: Or in a brush you know those little In a hair brush 456: Those are bristles. Interviewer: Okay And the The big teeth that a hog has 456: I don't know I can't think of it Interviewer: Or on an elephant 456: Tusk Interviewer: Mm-kay And the things that you put the food in for the hog 456: Trough Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Or a Well you have a water trough But you can also put food in a trough Interviewer: And if you had three or four #1 of those # 456: #2 Or in a # bucket Interviewer: Mm-kay You talk about three or four 456: Three or four hogs Interviewer: Or the The trough you talk about three or #1 four # 456: #2 Oh # Troughs Interviewer: And do you have any names for a hog that's grown up wild? 456: A wild hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Wild boar Interviewer: Ever heard #1 pinewood # 456: #2 Not quite. # Interviewer: {D: saluda} 456: No. Interviewer: Say if um if you had a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a boar or a male hog what would you say you were going to do to him 456: I'm gonna slaughter him Interviewer: Or well say you You want Change him so he can't be used for breeding you'd say you were going to 456: I don't know Interviewer: Well Okay but Talking about castrating Is is there any other Expression you've heard besides castrate 456: Nope I don't know much about hogs {NW} Interviewer: Would you know what um What the hog is called after he's been castrated 456: mm-mm Interviewer: And um The noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned You'd say the calf began to 456: {D: Let's see} do the same thing that a sheep would do well I would Interviewer: Mm-kay #1 And uh # 456: #2 I don't # know whether that word's used for calf or not Interviewer: Yeah that's that's one of the words that's used for calf Um What about a cow What noise does she make 456: She moos Interviewer: And a horse 456: Hmm The donkey hee-haws {NW} I don't know {C: laughing} what the horse does Interviewer: The general noise that a horse makes 456: A neigh Interviewer: Or the one general-er than that Have you ever heard whinny or #1 Knicker # 456: #2 Yeah # I've Interviewer: {D: laugh} 456: Yeah I've heard those I've read Interviewer: What did you hear it? 456: Hmm? Interviewer: What did you hear it called? 456: Well I've uh I don't know that I've heard the word as much as I've read it I've Seen it A number of times whinny or neigh Interviewer: Mm-hmm And say if you had some Horses and mules and cows and so forth and They were getting hungry you'd say you had to Go out and feed the 456: Feed the stock Interviewer: What if you're talking about hens and turkeys and geese and so forth 456: Well Feed the poultry Interviewer: Mm-kay And a hen on a nest of eggs is called a 456: A layer {NW} Interviewer: And um A place where you keep hens 456: Mm-hmm chicken coop Interviewer: Mm-kay And you know when you're when you're eating um Chicken a bone that goes like this 456: That is the pulley Interviewer: Okay 456: Pulley bone Interviewer: And are there any stories about that 456: Yes I was a little child I was taught that you could make a wish Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And two people hold the bones and the one that got the biggest side of the bone With the largest piece would get their wish granted Interviewer: Mm-kay What do you call the inside parts of a pig or a calf that you eat 456: I don't know A lot of different inside parts Interviewer: What what are some of the The parts that you eat 456: Oh I don't know Uh pig Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Well # you have a ham You have the shoulder Interviewer: #1 But # 456: #2 you can # have the r- #1 ribs # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: And you have back bone And just a lot of other things Interviewer: What about the the insides though 456: I don't know what you're talking about Interviewer: Well something like liver or Something like that #1 or # 456: #2 Well # Liver and lights from pork Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the part that you sometimes eat and sometimes Stuff sausage in 456: Oh you're talking about the Mmm Well the nice word for those are casings When you put sausage in them Interviewer: Any other word for it? 456: Yes but I can't think of it Interviewer: What about a dish that you can make out of that but you have to clean it out #1 really # 456: #2 Yeah # I know what you're talking about but let's see Chitlins Interviewer: Okay Did you ever hear of um Haslet or harslet or {C: pork entrails} 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Pluck or 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: And um 456: What is that for What does it mean? Interviewer: I think that I've heard haslet as Like haslet stew that you could make from the liver and other things that Say if it was time to feed The stock and do your chores you'd say that it was 456: I don't know I would just say that Interviewer: #1 What # 456: #2 It's time # to feed them Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Now this Did you ever hear um Anybody call a cow Say to get her out from the pasture 456: I never did hear anybody call one Interviewer: What about um Any ever hear anybody call a calf or a Horse 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: What about um A sheep Or uh they didn't have that around here Um Do you ever hear anyone call hogs 456: I don't remember Ever hearing anybody call hogs Interviewer: Say um If you were Were milking a cow and wanted her to To stand still What would you tell her 456: Tell her to stay still Interviewer: Mm-kay Did Do you know how they get her to move her leg back And um What do you say to a mule or a horse to make them go left and right What about to get a horse started Interviewer: {NS} Say, if you were riding a {D:mule} you might hit him a little bit and tell him to? 456: Well I know a word that ain't, I used to hear when I was little was giddap Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: I've seen, I've seen that a lot too Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Giddy-up, giddy-up, giddap Interviewer: Mm-kay And to stop him you tell him? 456: Whoa Interviewer: And to back him up? 456: {NW} Interviewer: And um, say a few words. How would you call chickens? Say, when you're feeding them and you're throwing out the 456: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 feed # 456: Here chick, here chick Interviewer: Okay And um, If you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere, you'd say I'd have to? 456: Hitch him up. Interviewer: Okay Or, before you, you can hitch him, you have to? Put the, the gear on and everything you'd say you have to? 456: I would consider that as part of hitching him up. Interviewer: okay Did you ever hear a {X} 456: Harness. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Harness a horse Interviewer: And um, 456: Or a mule Interviewer: When you're, when you're plowing or, or driving a horse that, whatcha hold in your hand to guide him with? 456: {NW} The reins Interviewer: Okay And uh, when you're riding on horseback 456: {X} Interviewer: What do you hold in your hands? 456: Well, that would be reins too, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Mm-kay And um, what your feet are in is the? 456: um Interviewer: When you have the saddle on the horse your feet are in the Do you know what I mean? 456: No Interviewer: When, when you're riding on, on a horse um and you've, you've got your saddles, you keep your feet in the 456: Oh, in the stirrups Interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 456: #2 Oh # I, I didn't understand what you were saying, I'm sorry. Interviewer: Um, and if you raised the say, say when you're plowing them the trenches that that's cut by the plow You call those the 456: Burrows. Interviewer: And have you ever heard of um, when you're plowing with two horses the one that walks in the front having a special name 456: mm-mm Interviewer: And um, say if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you #1 did what to them? # 456: #2 Cleared them # Interviewer: mm-kay 456: #1 cleared the land # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Say when you, Well you haven't planted a crop but it comes up on its own, do you call that a 456: Oh, volunteer Interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say wheat is tied up into a 456: Heap? Interviewer: mm-kay and then those are tied up into a {NS} or say if you were talking about how much, huh? 456: Would it be a stack? Interviewer: okay and um 456: haystack Interviewer: Say, if you were talking about how much wheat you raised you might say we raised forty what of wheat to an acre? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Or if you were talking about a bushel you'd say we raised forty 456: bushels Interviewer: mm-kay and um 456: Well, I don't know anything about measuring wheat Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: because we don't have any anywhere in here {NS} but I've never been around it Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} Most of what you know about it comes from reading about it, or? 456: yeah well no, we know um, cuz we'd say bushels, pecks of corn and that sort of thing but I just, I never did know how wheat was measured never thought about it Interviewer: I was just interested there, whether some people would say bushel you know forty bushel, and some would say forty bushels. {X} 456: Well if it's more than one I'd put an S on it. Interviewer: okay and um, you'd say, if you were talking about distance, um, you'd say, "well I don't know exactly how far it is, but it's just a little"? 456: A little way, a little distance. Interviewer: And um, say if you'd been traveling and you hadn't finished your journey you might say "we still have a"? what to go? 456: Still have a little way to go. Interviewer: okay, or if its a a fairly good distance you'd say we'd 456: #1 Have # Interviewer: #2 Still? # 456: a long way to go Interviewer: And um, say something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in any special place you'd say, "Oh you can find that just about 456: Anywhere Interviewer: And if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell over 456: backwards Interviewer: And this way would be? 456: Forwards Interviewer: And um, Say, if you have been fishing and I ask you if you caught any fish you might say no, what a what, no? 456: What a waste? Interviewer: Good Did you ever hear, um, hear people say, um, "no, nary a one"? 456: Well, not very nary Interviewer: #1 Who said that? # 456: #2 Well, you don't hear it as # I I don't hear it as a general thing. Interviewer: uh huh 456: Somebody says it sometimes just joking, you know? Interviewer: uh huh 456: I don't have nary a one, just in fun. I've never heard anybody use it seriously. Interviewer: No one around you uses? 456: {X} Interviewer: What would you probably say? Not a one, or? 456: mm, yeah Not a one, or not any. Interviewer: And um, what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 456: {NW} Interviewer: And um, say if someone, If you knocked at someone's door and, and they called out and asked who's there, and you know that they could recognize your voice you might answer it's? 456: {NW} Well, uh, just {NS} name Interviewer: Would you, would you ever say it's me or it's I? 456: It is I. Interviewer: And um, Tell me about how, how tall you are, you'd say, he's not as tall as? 456: As I. Interviewer: Or, I'm not as tall as? 456: No that's not right Interviewer: huh? 456: oh I'm not as tall as he? Interviewer: okay And you'd say he knew that better. #1 than, than # 456: #2 than I # Interviewer: And um, You'd say if something belongs to me, then you'd say it's? 456: This is mine. Interviewer: And um, if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's? 456: Ours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them? 456: Theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 456: His. Interviewer: And to her? 456: Hers. Interviewer: And to you? 456: Mine. Interviewer: Or,to me? you'd say it's? 456: It belongs to me. Interviewer: Okay, um Say if, uh, If you were addressing a whole group of people, what would you say? Would you use you, talking to a whole group? Or would you say you all or 456: #1 No I'd say # Interviewer: #2 y'all? # 456: you. Interviewer: Talking to 456: to a group I'd say you. Interviewer: Okay, you'd, Are you familiar with that y'all or you all, or 456: Oh, we don't {NS} We don't say that nearly as much as people give us credit for it Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 456: #2 cuz there are # times when you all is the thing you want say. {NS} Interviewer: When, when is that? 456: Or, we'd say all of you Interviewer: uh huh 456: Rather than you all. {NS} Interviewer: You don't ever say you all? 456: Well not as a general thing Interviewer: mm-kay And um, Say that there was, had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and you were asking about the people that had gone You might ask who all {NS} 456: as who was there? Interviewer: okay Do you ever say who all was there? 456: No. I don't say, I don't say you all and who all unless there's some reason for it or unless you're doing it jokingly or something like that and I don't think most of the Southerners do. Interviewer: What about, 456: #1 We get credit # Interviewer: #2 Say, # 456: credit for it a lot more than we do it Interviewer: yeah. But if you were asking about all of a speakers remarks, you know, everything that he said, would you ever say What all did he say? 456: I don't know. I don't think I would. Interviewer: Okay. 456: I'd just ask "What did he say?" Interviewer: Okay And um, you'd say no one else will look out for them, they've gotta look out for? 456: For themselves. Interviewer: And if no one else will do it for him you'd say he better do it? 456: Himself. Interviewer: Huh? 456: He better do it himself. Interviewer: And um, what's made of flour and baked in loaves? 456: Bread? Interviewer: Mm-kay, what, uh, what different kinds of bread? 456: {NW} Oh well, that's, too many to mention There's all kinds of bread. Interviewer: What can you put in bread to make it rise? 456: Yeast. Interviewer: Do you have any special name for bread that has yeast in it? 456: Well baking powder too. Interviewer: uh huh 456: Light bread, rolls. Interviewer: What about out of corn meal? 456: Well, you can make a lot of different kinds of bread out of cornmeal. Muffins, Interviewer: #1 ho- # 456: #2 {NW} # cake, um, uh, muffin bread, all in one, you know {NS} Or patties, corn patties, or Interviewer: uh-huh 456: Or pones. And then you can mix it with flour Interviewer: uh-huh 456: make different kinds of breads. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a corn dodger? 456: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Hush puppies. # 456: #2 {NW} # About the same thing. Corn dodger and hush puppies about the same thing I think. Interviewer: Is there any? 456: It's dropped into, fried in deep fat. Interviewer: {NW} 456: I think dodgers Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 456: #2 is that # I've never used the word dodgers. Interviewer: Um, Say, say that there's two kinds of bread, there's some homemade bread and then there's 456: Bakery bread. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, What's something that's fried in deep fat and has a hole in the center? 456: Donuts Interviewer: Are there different names for different kinds of donuts, or? {NS} 456: Well, some of them are plain and some of them are fancy. Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: Different flavors, and some of them have fruit in them and Interviewer: mm-hmm. 456: Just variety Interviewer: And um, something that you can make up a batter of and fry three or four for breakfast 456: Pancakes. Interviewer: Any other name for them? 456: I guess uh, frit- no Well the smaller ones you might call them fritters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Um, griddle cakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, tell me about how much, much flour might be in a sack, you might say a sack might contain five or ten 456: Pounds Interviewer: And um, The inside part of the egg is called the? 456: Yolk. Interviewer: And the color? 456: Yellow. Interviewer: And if you cook them in hot water you call them? 456: Boiled. Interviewer: Boiled? what? 456: Just boiled eggs. Interviewer: What if, um, if you crack them and let them fall out of the shells into hot water? 456: Well, some people poach them that way. I don't. Interviewer: And um, what kind of, we're talking about pork now, what kind of, um, what would you call the fat salt pork that you might use for for boiling with greens? 456: Well, you can call it white meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Or side meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Or white pork. Interviewer: Side meat is, is fat? 456: I think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, when you cut the, the side of a hog, what do you call that? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever, um, hear the expression, um side of bacon or #1 middle of bacon? # 456: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: {NS} Which would, would you call that a side or a middling? 456: Well it depend on what you wants. Interviewer: What's the difference? 456: I don't know. I don't know anything about middling. I've heard side a lot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Sometimes my husband will buy a side of bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the kind of um, meat that's already sliced to, to cook with them, in bags? 456: Cured bacon. Interviewer: Okay. And um,the outside of the bacon is called the? 456: The rind. {NS} Interviewer: And um, Say if you, if you took the trimmings and sliced them up and ground them you'd make? Maybe stuff in the casing, you'd? 456: Oh, it'd make sausages. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: what you're talking about? Interviewer: And um, the person that sells meat is called the? 456: Well, um, um, butcher. Interviewer: Okay. And if meats been kept too long you'd say the meat is? 456: Spoiled. Interviewer: And um, after you butcher a hog, is there anything you can make with the meat from its head? {NS} 456: Oh, sauce is one word for it, and hogs head cheese is another word Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What, what was it called when you were growing up? #1 {X} # 456: #2 Hogshead # cheese I believe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of anyone making anything out of liver? Maybe like cooking and grinding it up? 456: Um, liver, um pâté or something like that. {NS} I don't know, I don't haven't had any experience with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, did you ever hear of anything that had the blood? 456: Yes, I heard of blood pudding #1 from # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 456: one family {NS} used to live close to us. but, I don't know anything about it {X} Interviewer: What, um, what was that, blood pudding, you , you serve that for one, one family? 456: There was French family that lived across the street from us that used to make blood pudding. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: But I don't know a thing about what it was like, or anything about it except that they did make it and they were crazy about it. Interviewer: Hmm. But they were, they were French? 456: {NS} Interviewer: Um, did you ever hear of anything called scrapple or pon haus or cripple? 456: {NS} Interviewer: Say if you had butter and that was kept too long you'd say that it was? 456: Rancid. Interviewer: And um, the thick sour milk that you'd keep is? 456: clabber, or Interviewer: okay 456: If you churn it, make buttermilk {X} Interviewer: Is there anything you could make with clabber? 456: #1 Cottage # Interviewer: #2 Besides? # 456: Cheese. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Cottage Interviewer: #1 okay. # 456: #2 Cheese # Interviewer: And the first thing you do after milking is you have to? 456: Strain it. Interviewer: Okay. And um, something sort of like a fruit pie only has several layers of fruit and pastry in it? 456: Cobbler? Interviewer: Okay. And um, What might you call milk or cream that you can mix with sugar and nutmeg and you pour over pie? 456: {NS} Milk? Interviewer: But, I was wondering if you'd call it a sauce or a dip or a 456: Well Interviewer: dressing, or? 456: {NS} I suppose it'd be, {NS} depend on how you did it. {NS} Course you could make sauces out of the, those things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, say food taken between regular meals, you'd call that a 456: Well snacks, or. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um, you'd say this morning, I what breakfast at seven oh clock? 456: Ate. Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I had already? 456: Eaten. Interviewer: And tomorrow I will? 456: Will eat. Interviewer: And um, say if you were real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a? 456: Glass of water. Interviewer: And you'd "say the glass fell off the sink and"? 456: Broke. Interviewer: And so you'd say "somebody has"? 456: Broken. Interviewer: Okay. And, I didn't mean to 456: Didn't mean to break it. Interviewer: And um, if you were real thirsty you might say I what a lot of water? 456: Drank. Interviewer: And um, you might ask me, how much have you? 456: How much, how much did you drink? Interviewer: Or how much water have you? 456: Have you drunk. Interviewer: And um, say dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table, you'd tell them to go ahead and 456: No, go ahead and eat. Interviewer: Well if they're standing up you'd tell them to? 456: Well, have a seat Interviewer: Okay. And um, say, say somebody walks into the dining room you'd ask them, won't you, what down? 456: Won't you sit down. Interviewer: And so you'd say, so then he? 456: Then he sat down. Interviewer: And, nobody else was standing because they had all? 456: Sat down. Interviewer: And um, say if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to them you'd tell them just go ahead and? 456: Just go ahead and eat. Interviewer: Or, to, talking about, you're offering them something, you'd tell them to just go ahead and? 456: Have this Interviewer: Okay. Um, did you ever say take some, or take out, or help yourself? 456: Well, you could say all of those things. Interviewer: What would you probably say? 456: Well, I don't know. I'd just probably say "have some." Interviewer: Okay. And um, if someone offered you some food you didn't want you'd say? 456: Thanks, I don't care for it, or Interviewer: okay. And if foods been cooked in {NS} Say if foods been cooked and served a second time you'd say that it's been? 456: Warmed over. Interviewer: And um, say you put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 456: Chew. Interviewer: And um, Something that is made up of ground up corn and you might have it for breakfast? 456: Grits. Interviewer: okay. What about something made out of corn by leeching the outside husk off? Maybe with lime water? 456: Oh, lyed hominy Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, did, when you were little, did, did y'all call that, um did you, the grits, did you ever call that hominy, or? 456: No, we never did. We always said grits, but I have heard people call it hominy. Interviewer: Uh-huh, I mean the finely grounded #1 {X} # 456: #2 Uh-huh. # Yes. Interviewer: And 456: Or I've heard them say hominy grits. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 456: #2 They'd # Use both words Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, something that's um, it's made from the inside of a grain, it's white and people in China and Japan eat it a lot? 456: Rice? Interviewer: Okay. And um, do you have any names for um, whiskey that people would make themselves, or? #1 {X} # 456: #2 Moonshine. # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Moonshine. Interviewer: Okay, any other names for that? #1 Did you? # 456: #2 Oh. # Outlawed, uh, whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about beer? 456: Well, yes. Interviewer: Any names for beer you make at home? And um, say if something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just? 456: Smell that. Interviewer: Okay. And um, you mentioned syrup. What about something similar to syrup only maybe a little thicker? 456: Um, I don't know, sorghum? Interviewer: Mm-kay, um, did you ever call it molasses? 456: Molasses? Interviewer: What's the difference in your mind between syrup and molasses? 456: Well, molasses is, {NS} We've never had much experience with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you, um, ever hear the terms long sweetening and short sweetening? 456: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And, you say, um, so this isn't imitation people syrup, this is? Interviewer: {NS} You'd say this isn't imitation this is? 456: Genuine. Interviewer: And um, do you remember when sugar wasn't prepackaged but when it was weighed out of a barrel? Um, the expression that that they'd use they'd say sugar was sold? 456: I suppose it was sold by the pound. Interviewer: Okay. And um the sweet spread that you might put on toast in the morning? 456: Oh jelly? Interviewer: Okay. And what do you have on the table to season food with? 456: Salt pepper. Interviewer: And um, say that there was a a bowl of apples and a child wanted one he'd say? 456: Well He'd just probably say may I have an apple? Interviewer: And um say {NS} you might say he doesn't live here, he lives? 456: There. Interviewer: Or? 456: Or over there. Interviewer: Okay do you ever hear over yonder? 456: Yes. Interviewer: What's what does yonder mean? 456: Well in the distance I suppose. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you do you ever use that expression? 456: No well I don't think so. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} say if uh if a person had a lot of peach trees you'd say he had a peach? 456: Orchard. Interviewer: And um, you might ask somebody if that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just a neighbor then he'd point to someone else and say he's the man? 456: Who owns it? Interviewer: And um you'd say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child? 456: Whose father was wealthy. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} the inside of a cherry the part that you don't eat? 456: Pit. Interviewer: And um what about in a peach? 456: {NW} Oh I would say seed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you know there's there's one kind of of peach that is real easy to to get the flesh off the seed? 456: {X} I don't know. There are a lot of different kinds of peaches. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of peach that you have to cut the seed out of? 456: That's a cling peach isn't it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the other kind? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear freestone or soft peach or? 456: Yes well I thought freestone was uh the name of the peach though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The the brand type? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And the part of the apple that you don't eat? 456: The core. Interviewer: And if you um cut up apples and dry them you say you're making? 456: Well dried apples. Interviewer: And um what kinds of nuts do you have? 456: Well around here we have pecans. Mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Anything else? 456: I don't know there maybe a few walnuts somewhere in the area. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: I don't know But, uh mostly well um I don't think they're really a lot of nuts in this town. I have a couple of trees. But I don't think there are really very many nuts around here. Interviewer: Do you know um talking about the walnut you know there's um There's two coverings on the walnut. Do you know what what you'd call that outside covering? 456: Just call it a shell. Interviewer: Okay what about the inside covering? 456: Don't know. Interviewer: And um kind of fruit that that Florida's famous for? 456: Oh oranges. Interviewer: And um say if you 456: Citrus red. Interviewer: Say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges 456: They're all gone. Interviewer: huh? 456: Oranges are gone. Interviewer: And um what sort of things do you- do you grow in a garden? 456: Vegetables fruits. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What are some of the vegetables that you grow? 456: {NW} Well turnips mustard collards those are greens Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: tomatoes radishes {NS} squash. I said that already. {NS} String beans peas golden peas Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Just a variety of things and And all of those things would grow around here if you planted them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: You know in garden spots. Not too many people have them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um, do you call those little tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? 456: Um, Well, they may be called salad tomatoes uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or Rose tomatoes. Interviewer: Rose tomatoes? 456: Mm-hmm. And I don't know what else. Interviewer: And um 456: #1 Miniature. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # Mm-hmm. Something that will make your eyes water if you cut it? 456: Onion. Interviewer: And um those little onions that you pull up and and eat? 456: Oh green onions #1 or # Interviewer: #2 okay # 456: spring onions or whatever. Interviewer: And um you'd say along with your meat you might have a baked? 456: Oh potatoes? Interviewer: #1 okay what different kinds # 456: #2 Is that what you'd call them? # Interviewer: potatoes are there? 456: Well uh Irish potatoes or {X} white Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And there's sweet potatoes which can be red or they can also be white. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Depending on the variety. Interviewer: What are some of the varieties? {NS} 456: I don't know we call them yams sometimes. Interviewer: #1 Is that a # 456: #2 But that's a sweet potato # Interviewer: Does that mean sweet potatoes in general or one particular variety or? 456: Mm-mm. I don't I don't know I just they're sweet potatoes. I think of them as yams. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um something that is a green vegetable that's um, sort of bristly on the outside and sticky on the inside and? {NS} 456: Uh what are you referring to? Interviewer: I'm thinking of okay- 456: Okra? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um what different kinds of of um beans do you have? 456: {NW} Well you mean in a garden? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Well string beans pole beans or butter beans Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Lima beans. Interviewer: What's the difference between butter beans and lima beans? 456: Well I don't {NS} know Now we like the speckled butter beans and we usually think of those as being butter beans. Of course there are {NS} the little white ones and the little green ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh we usually think of those as lima beans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And I really don't know what the difference is. The smaller green 456: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 ones # 456: smaller green ones we usually think of as lima beans but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: I think uh they're also called butter beans sometimes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um if you wanted to get the the beans out of the pods by hand you'd say you were going to? 456: Shell the beans. Interviewer: And um tell me about lettuce um say if you say if you went to the store to buy some lettuce you'd ask for maybe two or three? 456: Heads. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use that term heads talking about children? Say if you had five children would you ever say you had five heads of children? 456: Oh well I don't think most people would. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that? 456: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Jokingly or? # What about say someone who had fourteen children you might say he had a? What of children? 456: I don't know. I might say he had a slew of them! Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 456: got a batch of them. Interviewer: Huh? 456: A batch Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: A bunch Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression passel? 456: No. Well I guess I have too. Interviewer: #1 Do people use it? # 456: #2 But no. # Interviewer: And um, the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 456: {NS} Well, it's uh, ro- roasting ears, or, Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: well, that's if you roast them. But, You can just call it boiled corn. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, 456: Or baked. You can bake it and eat it off the cob. Interviewer: The outside of the ear of corn is called the? 456: The shuck. Interviewer: And the stringy things? 456: Um, the silks. Interviewer: And the, the thing at the top of the corn stalk? 456: The top of the corn stalk? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The little thing that grows up there. 456: I don't know. What is that? Interviewer: Did you ever hear tassel or tassel? {C: pronunciation} 456: Oh Yes, that's the si-, that's the silk. That's the silk. That uh, the part that's hanging out on the top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: #1 Yeah we call it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: tassel or tassel {C: pronounciation} Interviewer: And um, a large, um, thing that, that you could, orange maybe, that you could make um, pie out of at Thanksgiving? 456: Oh, a pumpkin? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: #1 And like you said # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: An orange {NW} A large orange that you can a {NW} Interviewer: Um, and what different kinds of melons do you raise? 456: Well, muskmelon, {NS} Um, cantaloupe. Interviewer: What's the difference? 456: Well, {NW} I don't think there's a lot of difference in those two. Interviewer: Are they both, um, orange and yellow on the inside? 456: Mm, yes. Interviewer: #1 Do, do they have # 456: #2 No no no # there are other kinds of melon, like uh honeydew and that sort of thing, that's white on the inside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, what do 456: And those long ones, um, some kind of melon. {NS} I don't think of the name for those right now. Interviewer: #1 But there are # 456: #2 Gonna say # watermelons Interviewer: Like what different kinds of watermelons are there? 456: Well there's a variety {X} just like there is in everything else. Some of them are small, some of them are large. And some of them are solid green and some of them are striped. We used to call the striped ones, uh, {C: pronunciation of striped} {NW} uh rattlesnake Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: And uh, I don't know the names of watermelons Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, the little umbrella shaped thing that grows up, um, in damp places? 456: Toadstools. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for that? 456: Well, they're mushrooms, but uh, you could say that they are different. Interviewer: How are they different? 456: But they look, they look pretty much the same except the mushrooms of course are- are much smaller than those toadstools. Some of them's toadstools get that big. Huge. And they just spring up all of a sudden. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: All over the place. Interviewer: Can you eat toadstools, or? 456: Well I've never heard of anybody doing it. Interviewer: Oh you, you can eat mushrooms can't you? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say if um, someone had a really bad sore throat you'd say um, "he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't"? 456: Couldn't swallow? Interviewer: Okay so he could chew it but he couldn't? 456: Swallow. Interviewer: And um, the thing that people smoke, made out of tobacco? 456: Pipe- oh wait a minute {NW} Cigars? Interviewer: Okay. #1 And # 456: #2 cigarettes # Interviewer: And um, say if someone, um, asked you if you were able to do a certain job you'd say "sure I'd do it, sure I-" 456: Sure I can. Interviewer: Okay. Or if you weren't able to you'd say "No I"? 456: Mm Just say you couldn't. Interviewer: Okay. You'd- you'd say well I'd like but I just? 456: Well, it might be any number of reasons. So it would depend on what your reason would be. Interviewer: Okay. And um, Say if, you might say um, "In a situation like that he what to be careful? He" 456: He has to be careful. Interviewer: #1 Or talking about- uh-huh # 456: #2 He should be careful, or # Interviewer: Or you might say he should be careful or you might say he What to be careful? 456: He ought to be. Interviewer: Okay. And um, Say if a if a boy got a whipping, you'd say "I bet he did something he"? 456: Shouldn't have done. Interviewer: #1 Or using the word "ought" # 456: #2 Naughty. # He ought not have done? Interviewer: Okay. And um, Say if you're, if you're refusing in a very strong way to do something you might say, "no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just"? #1 What do it? # 456: #2 I just # can't do it. Interviewer: Or I just? 456: Won't do it. Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if someone asked you if, if you'll be able to um, do something for them you might say "well, I'm not, I'm not sure if I can do it or not but I"? 456: I will try Interviewer: Or I might? Would you ever say might could do it? 456: No, I wouldn't. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, talking about kinds of, of animals now, The kind of bird that can see in the dark? {NS} 456: Owl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} What do they call the um, the, little owl? 456: Mm, baby owl I suppose. Interviewer: #1 Or the # 456: #2 I don't know # Interviewer: You know there's 456: Owlet? Interviewer: Well, well say, say they're two different kinds of owls, you know there's the, the smaller one, it makes a real scary noise. Maybe they'd be around a barn or some place and then there's a bigger one. 456: Hoot owl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. There's there's the hoot owl's the bigger one now, do you know what they call the smaller one? #1 Do you know # 456: #2 Unless # they call it an owlet. Interviewer: Okay, look, I'm thinking of something like um, squinch owl or squooch owl? 456: #1 Screech? # Interviewer: #2 Screech # 456: #1 Screech # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 456: owl. Interviewer: Okay. 456: I've heard screech owl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, the kind of bird that drills holes in the trees? 456: Woodpecker. Interviewer: Have you ever heard him called anything else? 456: Wood knocker? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did, did people say that, or? 456: Uh, I think they usually say redheaded woodpecker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of people calling them peckerwood? 456: Hmm. Interviewer: You ever heard that word, peckerwood, in any? 456: I don't remember hearing it. Interviewer: What do they call um, the real big woodpecker? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: And um, have you ever heard of, heard of something like a shirttail or a woodhen or a woodcock or a woodchuck? 456: Well I've heard woodchuck, but, but, Interviewer: #1 not as a woodpecker. # 456: #2 No. # Not of as just a woodpecker. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, what kind of black and white animal has got a a strong smell? 456: A skunk. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other name for him? 456: Well, a wild kitty. Uh, some kinda kitty, I don't Interviewer: Did you ever hear of pole- 456: Polecat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Is that the same? # 456: #2 Skunk # polecat mm-hmm yeah that's the same thing. {NS} Excuse me, I'm sorry. Interviewer: And um, say some animals had been coming in and raiding your hen roost, um, and you didn't know exactly what kind they were, is there any one name you'd you'd use to refer to just wild animals? 456: Uh, possums? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But would you um, say, that it could be possum, or a skunk, or a wildcat, or just a number of things. Would you ever just, just have one general name? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of varmint? 456: Varmint? Interviewer: uh-huh. 456: Yes. Interviewer: What do you think of as a, as a varmint? 456: Oh, I don't know, it could be most any kind of a, an animal that would do that kind of thing, I'd guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you think of a rat or a mouse as being a varmint? 456: I don't know, I suppose he could. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 456: Squirrel. Interviewer: What different kinds of squirrels are there? 456: Well, they're fox squirrels and they're, um, cat squirrels I think. Interviewer: Okay. 456: They're called. Interviewer: What's the difference between the fox squirrel and cat squirrel? 456: Well I think that this cat squirrel is a smaller squirrel I think the fox squirrel is a- is a larger, much larger squirrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I really don't know much about them. Interviewer: And um, what about something kind of like a squirrel but it can't climb trees? {NS} You ever heard of a ground squirrel or a chipmunk? 456: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: What's that? {NS} 456: Well I guess that's what it would be. A ground squirrel or a chipmunk. Interviewer: Is, okay um, have you heard it called either? 456: Yes I've heard them called that. I don't know whether it's the same thing or not. Interviewer: uh-huh. And um, what sort of fish do you get around here? 456: Well, I think mullet's the main thing, But we get all kinds of fish. {NS} Mackerel, red fish We get crabs and shrimp and all kinds of seafood. Like that. {NW} It's just a variety of fish. Interviewer: What about something that has uh the shells on it, pearls are supposed to grow in? 456: Oysters. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what sort of freshwater fish do you get? 456: Well we get perch, and bream, and uh, catfish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And something that you might hear making a noise around a lake at night? A little thing about maybe this big? 456: Oh, yeah, you mean frogs. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Well, you don't, you can hear them most anywhere. Interviewer: What do you call the, the real big frogs? 456: Uh, bullfrog. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what about the little tiny ones? That get up in the trees maybe. 456: I don't know. There are little tiny green frogs and sometimes they'll get in the house. {NS} And then there are just some medium sized frogs but I don't know what you call them, specially. Just frogs, Interviewer: What about the kind that, that um, hops around on the, on the land? It doesn't get up in the trees and it doesn't get in the water. 456: Well those are usually, I don't know if there's any special name for them, they're just They're smaller frogs and not the big, um, bullfrog type. Interviewer: But the brown ones, that stays, would that just be a frog too? 456: I'd just call it a frog. Interviewer: And um, something that you might, in a freshwater stream, if you picked up a rock you might find one of these things. It's got a hard shell to it and it's got pinchers and if you touch it it'll swim away backwards. 456: You mean crabs? Interviewer: Well, it's sort of um, I guess it sort of resembles a lobster. But it's, it's a real tiny thing. 456: It's a crawfish? Interviewer: Okay. And um, what might you dig up to go fishing with? 456: Well, {NS}, Fishing worms that come out of the ground. Interviewer: Any different names for different kinds of worms? 456: We just called them fishing worms. Interviewer: That's a pretty big, um, industry around here isn't it? 456: Well, {NW} not right in town, but out of town. I think they're a lot of people who, who sell them. Interviewer: And um, a little fish that you might use for bait? 456: A minnow. Interviewer: Is that uh, have you ever heard of a shiner? 456: Yes. there's a place, um, on the road to {X} where they cultivate those. Shiners. Interviewer: What's the difference between a shiner and a minnow? 456: I don't know, I just imagine it's well I think of them as being about the same thing, but it I guess it's real shiny and I. The minnows are too. I don't know if there's any difference at all. Interviewer: And um, something that is a hard shelled thing, it can pull it's neck and legs into it's shell. 456: Turtles. Interviewer: huh? 456: Turtle. Interviewer: Okay, is that um, on land or in water? 456: Well it can be either. And another name is tortoise. And there's a There's uh, one that is similar to that that is a larger thing. I think it stays on land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Um let's see, they had races every year in Panama City. Interviewer: Oh really? 456: Oh, what are they called? It's like a turtle but its a lot larger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The tortoise, does that stay on land? 456: I think it could be on land or in water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of the gopher? 456: Oh that's what I was trying to think of. Gopher. They had gopher races in Panama City every year, I think the fourth of july or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that the, the kind that can dig, or do you know? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever um, hear maybe it's an is an old fashioned expression or something? Terrapin or Terrapin or? {C: pronunciation} 456: Terrapin. Mm-hmm. Terrapin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Was that a 456: #1 Well that's a # Interviewer: #2 land or water? # 456: Turtle, I don't know if it's land or water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Well I mean I think it can probably be either. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about cooter? did you ever hear that? 456: No, I don't know about cooters. {NW} I think I've heard cooters referred to as, uh, lice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: You know I'd say "she's got cooters in her hair." Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, kinds of insects now kind of insect that flies around the light and tries to fly into the light? 456: Moths. Interviewer: Okay, um, So you'd call that a? 456: I'd just call it a moth. Interviewer: Okay. You ever hear candle fly, or? 456: Yes. Candle fly. It's the same thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, the kind of insect that has a little light in it's tail. 456: Lightning bug. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, an insect that um, I don't really know how to describe it, it's got two pairs of of shiny wings. 456: A butterfly? Interviewer: No it's got four wings in all. And it's um, shiny wings. And um, it's got a sot of a hard beak to it. And you find it around damp places. 456: I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a mosquito hawk or snake doctor or 456: Oh yeah, we have mosquito hawks. Is that what your talking about? We just call it mosquito hawk. That's the only name I know for it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you ever hear dragonfly? 456: Yes, but I don't know what it is, or Interviewer: And um, kind of um, what kinds of insects will sting you? 456: Well ants will sting. Bees will sting. {NS} I was trying to think of something else but I can't think of it right now. #1 Hornet. # Interviewer: #2 What about the kind that # Okay. 456: Hornet's nest. Interviewer: And um, {NS} something that's sort of like a hornet? Auxiliary: Good morning. Interviewer: Morning. 456: Getting the mail? {NS} Auxiliary: Yeah you got some. {NS} {X} Interviewer: Something sort of like a hornet. 456: Yellow jacket. Interviewer: Okay, does the yellow jacket, where does he build his nest? 456: Well, um, on porches, or they get inside the house sometimes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Sometimes you can find them inside. Or in outhouses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about um, another um, sort of bigger thing than a yellow jacket? Did you ever hear of wasp? 456: A wasp? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Yeah they'll sting you too. Interviewer: Okay. And the plural of that is? 456: Well just W-A-S-P-S. What, what would you? I'd says wasps. It's hard to make it sound plural. Interviewer: Okay. And um, something that that builds a nest out of mud or dirt? 456: uh, dirt dauber Interviewer: Okay. Do they sting? 456: I don't know. I wouldn't want to get close to one. {NW} Interviewer: And something that flies around at night and bites you and? 456: Mosquitoes. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the little insect that um, the little tiny red that that'll get in your? 456: Sugar Interviewer: Huh? 456: Your sugar. Ant? Talking about sugar ants? Interviewer: What about something that'd just get on you, say if you went what, walking through the woods or something and? {X} 456: Red bugs? Interviewer: huh? 456: Red bugs. Interviewer: Okay, any other name for that? 456: Well, I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. And um, what would you say if it hops around in the grass? 456: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Have you ever heard those called hoppergrass? 456: {NS} Interviewer: And um, say if a room hadn't been cleaned in a while, up in the, In the ceiling in the corner, you might find a? {NS} 456: Find a wasp nest Or spider webs Interviewer: Okay. And something like that outside, maybe built across a bush? 456: Still be spiderweb. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the part of the tree thats underneath the ground? That's called the? 456: The roots. Interviewer: And um, have you ever heard of of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you remember what, what roots were used? 456: Well I don't know of any roots around here that would be used for medicine Interviewer: You don't 456: In this area Interviewer: You don't ever remember, say your parents um, having any sort of home remedies or? 456: There's uh, some kind of wild fern. That my daddy used to make, used to make a sort of um, {NS} a lotion or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: But, I don't know the name of it except that it's a wild fern. We used to get it out of ditch-y areas. Swampy areas. That's something I know of, around here in this area {X} would've been used for medicine because we used, well we have turpentine trees. Pine trees, or, get turpentine from them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: But not from the roots. Interviewer: And um, the kind of tree that you tap for syrup. It wouldn't grow around here I don't think. 456: Well, maple. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What would you call a big group of these trees growing together? 456: I don't know, maybe you'd say maple forest or maple grove? I know I haven't {NS} Interviewer: What sort of trees grow around here? 456: Pears and plums and, {X} {D: and Gandham and} Oaks, {NS} cedars. Interviewer: And uh, a pine tree that, 456: Flowering trees. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a kind of tree that has got um, white scaly bark and, it's got, um, little knobs or balls on it. 456: I don't know, what is it. Interviewer: It grows around water? Some of the time. 456: Is it a white oak? Water oak? Interviewer: Or, it's got these little balls on it. And you can peel the bark off. Did you ever hear syc? 456: Sycamore? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um the kind of tree that George Washington cut down. 456: Cherry. Interviewer: And um, a bush or shrub that, it might grow along a a road or by a fence and the leaves turn bright red, early. And it's got clusters of berries on it. 456: Oh you're not talking about holly are you? Interviewer: No the, the leaves turn red. 456: {X} There's just a lot of different {NS} plants, trees that the leaves turn red red. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Not talking about maple are you? Interviewer: Let's say if um sumac or shumache or 456: I don't know. S-U-M-A-C-H-E I've seen it but I don't know what it is. Interviewer: Do you ever hear 456: If we have any around here I don't know about it. Interviewer: And um, the kind of bush or vine that'll make your skin break out if you touch it. You know some people are allergic to it and if you if it brushes against your skin then you get a rash? 456: Mm-hmm. They don't, I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of poison? 456: Poison ivy and poison oak. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you know what those look like or what the difference is? 456: {NS} No, uh, there's a, there's a little bit of it down the street here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: My friend showed it to me one day. I think she said that {NS} some of it might have three leaves on it I believe and some four. And uh, I mean they just grow, those leaves grow right together. And I think that one is three and one is four but I'm not sure about that. Interviewer: And um, kinds of berries that, well say, a red berry you might make shortcake out of. 456: Strawberries. Interviewer: And um, berry that has a rough surface, um. Some of them are red and some of them are black? 456: Rough surface? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: You talking about red, uh, blackberries? Interviewer: Or, another thing is? 456: Uh, boysenberries Interviewer: Or ras? 456: Uh, raspberries? Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if you were walking through the woods and saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those, they might be 456: Poison. Interviewer: And um, do you have anything, I don't think it grows around here, but are you familiar with um either of the terms mountain laurel or spoon 456: #1 Oh yes. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 laurel? # 456: Those are very beautiful. Mountain laurel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do they have any of them around here? 456: {NS} Interviewer: What about something a little bigger than that? Do you ever hear laurel or rhododendron? 456: Yes. We don't have it round here. It's in the mountains. Interviewer: Uh-huh And um, say if a married woman didn't wanna make up her own mind about something, she'd say I have to ask? 456: I have to ask my husband. Interviewer: Okay, any joking way she would refer to him? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: And he would say I have to ask? 456: My wife? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a woman whose husband is dead is called a? 456: A widow. Interviewer: Okay, and if her husband has left her then she'd be a 456: Oh, Well a long time ago, I haven't heard that word in a long long time I used to hear people say grass widow. Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: If they were separated, you know. I-I-I don't know if anybody ever uses that anymore or not. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, your mother and father together are called your 456: Parents. Interviewer: And um, what did you call your parents? Or what do people call, say, their father? 456: Well, they may say father, they may say dad, they may say daddy, they may say pa, they may say pa. {C: pronunciation} {NS} Interviewer: What do people usually say? 456: I don't know, uh, I think most people say daddy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that what you said when you were small? 456: When I was very small I used to say papa. Interviewer: Okay. 456: But, uh, after I grew a little bit older I started saying daddy. from then on we said daddy. Interviewer: And um, what did you call your mother? 456: I called her mama, or mama stone. Interviewer: And um, what about your, your father's father would be your? 456: Grandfather. Interviewer: And his wife would be your 456: Grandmother. Interviewer: What did you call them? 456: I didn't have any. Interviewer: #1 Or what what # 456: #2 But uh # I would've I probably called them grandfather or grandmother, I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: A lot of people say grandma and grandpa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: And say a lot of other things. Like gam and gran and granny. Interviewer: Uh-huh And um, something on wheels that you can put a baby in and it'll lie down. 456: Carriage. Interviewer: And, you put the baby in the carriage and then you go out and. 456: Well you could call it a stroller too. Interviewer: But, can 456: Um, or a Well you could say perambulator or something. Interviewer: A baby can't really lie down in a stroller though, can it? 456: Well, no, not those little small strollers, but some of the large ones are called strollers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You say you, you're gonna go out and what the baby? 456: Take him for a run. Interviewer: Okay, would you say you're gonna ride the baby, or, roll the baby, or wheel the baby, or? 456: Well, you could say any of those. Interviewer: What, how would you probably say that? 456: {NW} I think I'd just say I'd take the baby out for a stroll or a ride. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh, if you had two children you might say you had a son and a? 456: A daughter. Interviewer: Or a boy and a? 456: Boy and a girl. Interviewer: And um, if a woman was expecting a baby, you'd say that, that she was? 456: Expecting or pregnant. Interviewer: Okay. And um, anything people used to say? Did they say pregnant went you were growing up? 456: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Did you hear that word? # 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: There was nothing um, 456: Course you kinda said it behind the corner.. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Out of sight. Interviewer: Any joking expressions? 456: I don't know any of them. Interviewer: And um, if you didn't have a doctor to deliver a baby, 456: A midwife. Interviewer: And um, say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has, and the same shaped nose, you'd say that he? 456: He resembled his father? Interviewer: Okay. What if he has the same behavior? Same mannerisms. 456: I don't know, you'd say he's being much like his father. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, if a woman's looking after three children until they're all grown up you'd say she's? 456: She has raised her children. Interviewer: And um, 456: #1 Or reared them. # Interviewer: #2 If a child # Okay. And um, if a child's misbehaving, you might tell him "you're gonna get a" 456: Spanking. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say? 456: Well, It depends on who's saying it. Interviewer: What would a man say? 456: A switching, or a railing, or a belting, I don't know. Depends on the people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, a child that's born to a woman that's not married, is called a? 456: Oh, illegitimate. Interviewer: Any other names? {NS} What did people used to call it? if they didn't say illegitimate? {NS} 456: I don't know I can't think of the word. Interviewer: Did you ever hear bastard or 456: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: Mm-hmm. Some other word sounds a little nicer than bastard though I can't think of what it is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear any, um, sort of country or old-fashioned expressions like Grass colt or sunday baby or bush child or? 456: {NS} Interviewer: And um, you'd say your brother's son'd be called your? 456: Nephew. Interviewer: And um, a child that's lost both parents would be a? 456: Would be an orphan. Interviewer: And a person appointed to look after the orphan would be his? His legal? Legal guar- 456: Guardian, uh-huh. Interviewer: And um, you'd say "she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're not"? 456: We're no relation. Interviewer: And um, {X} the, the name of the mother of Jesus. 456: Mary? Interviewer: And George Washington's? Uh-huh. 456: Martha. Interviewer: And um, 456: You mean George Washington's wife? Interviewer: Yeah Um, did you ever hear the song Wait Til the Sun Shines? You remember the name of that? Or the nickname of Helen starting with an N? 456: For Helen? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Starting with an N? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: {NS} Interviewer: I was thinking about the name Nellie. 456: Oh. Helen, Nellie, uh-huh. Interviewer: And um, a nickname for a little boy named William? 456: Will, Willy, or Bill? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Billy? Interviewer: And um, the first book in the new testament? 456: Genesis. Interviewer: Or the new testament? 456: Oh I'm sorry. First book in the Bible is Genesis, first book in the New Testament is Matthew. Interviewer: And um, a woman who conducts school is called a? 456: Teacher. Interviewer: And um, {NS} do you know what they used to call a barrel maker? 456: Mm-mm. Interviewer: But, it's a family name. Do you, um, are you familiar with the name Cooper or Cooper? 456: Not in relation to making barrels. Interviewer: Well, have you heard that just as a family name though? 456: Cooper? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Cooper, yes. Interviewer: How, what would you call a married woman who had that last name? She'd be 456: She would be Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: Okay. And um, a preacher that's not very well trained and just sort of preaches here and there and is not very good at preaching. You might call him a? 456: I don't know. You might call him a hack. Or a quack. Interviewer: Did you ever here the expression {D: shay tree} or jackleg? 456: Uh-uh. Oh yeah I've heard jackleg. #1 Jackleg # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: preacher, yeah. Interviewer: What does that mean? Is that 456: I don't know I suppose it's one that's not too well prepared. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Just kind of springs out. Nothing much. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Anything else you'd say that about besides a preacher? Would you talk about a jackleg lawyer or a jackleg teacher? 456: I suppose it could be applied to a lot of different things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 456: Your mother's sister would be your aunt. Interviewer: And um, the name of the wife of Abraham? 456: Sarah. Interviewer: And um, a boy named Bill, his full name would be? 456: William. Interviewer: And if your father had a brother by that full name you'd call him? 456: Call him uncle Will, Uncle William, Uncle Bill, or whatever, whatever they were calling him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, President Kennedy's first name was? 456: John. Interviewer: And if your father had a brother by that name? 456: Well, you'd say Uncle John. Interviewer: And um, the highest rank in the army? 456: I don't know whether it's general or colonel. General, I suppose. Interviewer: And the person in charge of a ship is a? 456: Captain. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Captain. Interviewer: Did you ever here um, that word captain used in other situations? Like um, black people using it to write people that they worked for? 456: Yes. Uh-huh, I've heard people say captain. And uh, and it's used uh, uh, when you're saying he's something real special you can say he's a captain. I've heard it used that way. Interviewer: Just about anybody? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And a person who presides 456: I mean, ah, somebody that's just real unusual just wanna say let's give him some special title you know he should be a captain, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: I've heard it used that way. Interviewer: And um, the person who presides over the court is called a? 456: Judge. Interviewer: And a person who goes to school is a? 456: A student. Interviewer: Would you use that um word student talking about say a uh second grader? 456: Pupil, I would think. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, the woman that works in an office and does the typing and so forth is the? 456: A secretary. Interviewer: And a man on the stage would be an actor. A woman would be a? 456: Actress. Interviewer: And if you're born in the United States your nationality is? 456: American. Interviewer: And um, what different words are there for black people? 456: Well, you can say nigger, you can say black, you can say colored. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would 456: They want to be called black, now. Interviewer: That's a pretty recent? 456: And uh Slang is nigger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that 456: Or {X} Interviewer: The word nigger, is that always insulting? 456: Yes, it is. I think, well I mean, it may not be intended, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: to be insulting, it it could be that people are just used to the term and they don't really mean it to be insulting but it sounds insulting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other um, slang terms? 456: I don't know. I can't think of any. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, what would you call your race? 456: White. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for, for white people? 456: Caucasian, I guess. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a child that's born, um, with one parent black and the other parent white? 456: Well, that one is of mixed blood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear the term, um, Scotland? 456: In collection with a mixed breed? No, I haven't. But there is a word, I can't think of it, that would indicate that. can't think of it right now. Interviewer: What about, um, {NW} say if um, if a black person wanted to insult a white person? What would he call him? 456: Black person wants to insult a white. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Like if a white person wanted to make a a black person may call him a nigger, but is there anything a black person say? To a 456: Well, I don't know, we called them whites. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um, any terms like um, cracker, or peckerwood or, um 456: Oh white #1 cracker. Yeah, # Interviewer: #2 Redneck or # 456: well I've heard white cracker but I didn't think of niggers especially {NS} using that term. {NS} Interviewer: What's a white cracker? 456: White cracker is a, refers to, a real underprivileged Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: character. Of the white race. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any other expressions referring to, to people who haven't had much education who are kind of poor? 456: I don't know I don't think of anything right now. Interviewer: Do you ever hear poor white trash, or? 456: Yes. {NS} Poor white trash. {NS} Especially in the days of reconstruction. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That was the, um, 456: Oh the word that we use mostly now would be underprivileged. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But that's 456: Referring to them. Interviewer: That's not insulting. 456: No that's not, that's not insulting, no. But refers to those who don't have much opportunity. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call someone who lives sort of out in the country and, and um, who doesn't get into town much and when he does come into town everybody notices him, you know? Any, any special um, terms for someone who lives way out in the backwoods and? 456: Well, {X} country bum, uh, I don't know, if they're from the hills you can call them hillbillies. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: #1 But get # Interviewer: #2 Couldn't # 456: we don't have any hillbillies in this area because we don't have any hills. Interviewer: What about the term hoosier? 456: Hoosier? Well that {NS} think about Indiana {NW} relation to hoosier. We don't use that expression here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, say if it was, not quite um, say that at a party you look at your watch and see that it's around 11:30 or so you'd say, "well, we'd better be getting home it's what midnight, it's? 456: It's near midnight. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Close to midnight. Interviewer: And um, {NS} say in a real ice over outside and you were out walking you'd say, that ice is pretty hard to walk on. I I managed to keep my balance but a couple of times I might 456: Slipped? Interviewer: Huh? 456: I nearly slipped? Interviewer: But using the expression "might to"? 456: Might to have slipped. Interviewer: Okay. And um, if someone's waiting for you to get ready and calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon you might answer "I'll be with you in"? 456: In a moment. Interviewer: Or in just? 456: Or in a jiffy? Interviewer: Okay. And 456: In a shake. Interviewer: Okay. And um, this part of my head is called my? 456: Forehead. Interviewer: And um, this is my? 456: Hair. Interviewer: And, on a man, the hair here would be a? 456: A beard. Interviewer: And this is my? 456: Ear. Interviewer: Which one? 456: Left ear. Interviewer: And this is my? 456: #1 Right # Interviewer: #2 My # 456: ear. Interviewer: And this is? 456: Mouth. Interviewer: And? 456: Neck. Interviewer: And then the? 456: Adam's apple? Interviewer: Or this ol' 456: Talking about this? Interviewer: #1 Now this whole thing is # 456: #2 Just call my neck. # Interviewer: Okay the 456: Throat. Interviewer: Okay, 456: Throat. {NS} Interviewer: Any other name for Adam's apple? 456: {NS} I don't know. Is there? Interviewer: You ever heard goozle? 456: I don't {NW} I guess I have. But uh, not, I didn't realize it was in reference to that. Interviewer: Hat did you heard it, well, 456: I don't know, I've just heard the word. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, these are the? 456: Teeth. Interviewer: And one? 456: Tongue. Interviewer: Or? 456: One tooth. Interviewer: And um, the flesh around your teeth is the? 456: Gum. Interviewer: And um, this is a? 456: Hand? Interviewer: And two? 456: Two hands. Interviewer: And, this part of your hand is your? 456: Is your palm. Interviewer: And this is the? 456: Fist? Interviewer: And two? 456: Two fists. Interviewer: And um, any place where the bones come together. You'd call that a? 456: Joint. Interviewer: And, on a man, this part is the? 456: The chest. Interviewer: And these are the? 456: Shoulders. Interviewer: And, this is the? 456: Knee, I mean, Interviewer: The whole 456: leg. Interviewer: And this is the? 456: Foot. Interviewer: And, I have two? 456: Feet. Interviewer: And um, this real sensitive bone here? 456: Is the shin bone? Interviewer: Uh-huh And, say if um, if I got down in this position, you'd say? 456: Squat. Interviewer: Any other terms for that? 456: Oh, yes there are but I can't think of them right now. {C: lots of noise in previous line} {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression hunker? 456: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Or, did, did you ever here a name for the, the back part of your thighs? The haunches or hunkers or? And um, say if somebody'd been sick for a while you'd say Well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 456: Oh, pale? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 456: Peaked. Interviewer: Okay. 456: I don't know how you spell that. {NS} Interviewer: And someone who's in in real good shape, who can lift heavy weights and so forth, you'd say he's? 456: He's in fine health. Interviewer: #1 Okay or # 456: #2 He's in # fine shape Great shape. Interviewer: He's big and? 456: Big and strong. Healthy. Interviewer: What um, when someone's a little bit overweight you'd say he's? 456: Fat. Or, Interviewer: Do you use the word stout or husky or? 456: Stout. I don't think of husky though as being fat. I just think of somebody's being healthy and strong. Interviewer: #1 What about # 456: #2 Husky # Interviewer: What about 456: Large, in stature, he might be large in stature. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: But I don't think of him as being fat. I think of husky as you know, kind of firm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about stout? 456: Stout, is bad. Interviewer: Okay. 456: It's um Or you can say chunky. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Or you can say A little on the fat side, there're just different different ways. Interviewer: #1 What about um, # 456: #2 What about um # Interviewer: Would you ever use 456: #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 the word # 456: pleasingly plump. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever use that word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? 456: I don't know I've never heard it used that way. Interviewer: And someone who's really easy to get along with? {NS} 456: Pleasant, agreeable. Interviewer: Okay And, someone like a teenage boy who seems to be all arms and legs? 456: Oh, lanky? or, gawky? Interviewer: Okay, what about someone who's always dropping things? 456: Clumsy. Interviewer: Okay. And a person who just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense? You'd say he's just a plain? 456: I don't know, goof. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word fool? 456: No, I don't like to use the word fool. But, goof, goofy, Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: or something like that. Interviewer: And um, someone who has a lot of money but really hangs onto it, won't spend any, you'd say he's a? 456: He's {D: stingy} {NS} or he's stingy. Interviewer: #1 Or he's a # 456: #2 or he's close # Interviewer: Or he's a, what? 456: Or he's, {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear tight? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Tightwad? 456: Tightwad, uh-huh. Interviewer: And um, when you say that a person is common, what does that mean? 456: I don't know, I think it can mean different things. When you say common people you just think they're ordinary. Common people. But, if you can you say, you can use it in a way that's Not very uh, flattering. He's common. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Means he's, he's {NS} I don't know how to express it Interviewer: It's 456: But it's not very flattering to say someone is common. But on the other hand you can say the common people and you're, it is not derogatory. Interviewer: But when you use it about an individual, it's? 456: Uh-huh, it {NS} can be kind of deflating. {C: noise in previous line} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What if you say a girl is very common? 456: She's very common. Well you're not, you're not recommending her. Interviewer: Does it have #1 special, uh-huh # 456: #2 very ordinary, nothing # special. Interviewer: Does it take on a special meaning when you talk about girls being common? 456: Well it could mean that she's not a very nice person. I mean, it has been used that way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, say there's an older person who's, who still gets around real well, doesn't show his age. You'd say that he's? 456: Spry. Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if your children were out later than usual, you'd say? "Well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little?" 456: Uneasy? Interviewer: Okay, and you might say its gonna be #1 alright just # 456: #2 a little worried. # Interviewer: Huh? 456: A little uneasy or worried. Interviewer: Or you might tell someone, "Just don't"? 456: Just don't worry. Interviewer: And um, you might say "I'm not going upstairs in the dark, I'm"? 456: Afraid. Interviewer: And um, say, "I don't understand why she's afraid now, she"? 456: She's protected. Interviewer: First, meaning um, that, she hadn't been afraid before, you might say "I don't understand why she's afraid now she" Using the expression "used to be," how would you say that? 456: Well, some people say it that way. Used to be afraid. Interviewer: Or, meaning that, #1 meaning the opposite # 456: #2 she has been # Interviewer: used to be, that That, previously she wasn't afraid but now she is you'd say? She? 456: I don't know what you mean. Interviewer: Well, would you say she um, she used to, she wasn't afraid or, um she didn't used to be afraid or usen't to be afraid or? How would you say that? 456: Well, just like you said it. She didn't used to be afraid. I've heard it used that way. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, 456: But I thought you said the opposite of that? Interviewer: {NS} Um, if somebody leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes out and doesn't even lock the door you'd say he's mighty? 456: Careless. Interviewer: And um, you'd say there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzie but sometimes she acts kinda? 456: Peculiar. Interviewer: Okay, any other words? 456: Funny, strange. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word queer or 456: #1 Queer # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Yes. Interviewer: What, how would you use that? 456: Well just like you said there. Sometimes she seems a little queer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: A little strange, a little odd. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Well, a lot of expressions you could use that mean the same thing. Interviewer: Do people use that expression queer now as much in recent years as much as they used to, or? 456: I don't know. I don't hear it very often. Interviewer: #1 Has it taken # 456: #2 Peculiar, # I hear peculiar more than I hear queer. Interviewer: Uh-huh Has the word queer taken on a different meaning now? {NS} That you know of? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS} And um, somebody who who makes up his own mind and then there's there's no use arguing with him, he won't change his mind, you'd you'd say that he's mighty? 456: Uh, stubborn. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else? 456: Well, determined. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? You'd say he's mighty? 456: {NW} Touchy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd say "I was just kidding. I didn't know you'd get so"? 456: So angry. Interviewer: And um, if somebody's about to lose their temper you might tell them though "just"? 456: Keep your cool. No, that's not my expression. But, you do hear it a lot, today. Interviewer: What, what else might you say? 456: Get calm. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Stay calm. Interviewer: And um, if someone's, if you've been working very hard you'd say that you're very? 456: Tired? Interviewer: Any other 456: Worn out? Interviewer: Huh? 456: Worn out? Frazzled? Interviewer: Okay. And um 456: All in. {NS} Interviewer: Say um, you might say um, "he came home early from school because he"? He what sick? 456: Because he was ill, or because he finished his work. Interviewer: Uh-huh, but say if someone had been well and suddenly you hear that uh they've got some disease you'd say, um you might say "well he was fine yesterday when was it that he"? What sick? 456: Took sick? Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if someone went outside in, in the rain and or bad weather and came in was sneezing and his eyes were running you'd say that he? He had? 456: Caught a cold? Interviewer: Okay. And if it affected his voice you'd say he was? 456: Well, Interviewer: You'd say he's a little bit? 456: Hoarse? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And if you got like that you'd say you have a? 456: Cough. Interviewer: And um say if you got someone's medicine and then you went in and noticed the medicine was still by their bed you might ask Why haven't you? 456: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: And the person might say I already? 456: Have. Interviewer: I already 456: I have taken it. Interviewer: An hour ago I? What some? 456: Well I took it an hour ago? Interviewer: And, in another hour I'll? 456: I will take it. After a while. Interviewer: And um, if someone can't hear at all you'd say that they're? 456: {D: Deaf.} Interviewer: Huh? 456: Deaf. Interviewer: And um, say if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off he shirt and he saw it wet he'd say "look how much I"? 456: Have perspired. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Or he might use the word sweat. {NW} Interviewer: How would he say that? Look how much I? 456: I don't know how you'd say it in the past tense. I don't know whether sweated is a good word or not. Interviewer: Does that sound like what you'd? 456: I don't know I'd say perspired. Interviewer: Okay. And um, uh, a lump that is sore that comes to a head is called a? 456: A rising or a boil. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, the stuff that drains out? 456: Puss. Interviewer: And uh 456: Would you excuse me just a minute? I have to run to the bathroom. Interviewer: Um, you might say "a bee stung me and my hand"? Did what? 456: Oh it swelled up I guess Interviewer: And um, {X} and if a bee stings you your hand will 456: Will swell. Interviewer: And um, when you open a blister, the liquid that drains out is called? 456: I don't know. I'd just call it water. Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if someone got shot or stabbed you'd you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the? 456: Wound. Interviewer: And um, you know sometimes a wound won't heal back right. It's gotta be cut our or burned out. Have you ever heard that called anything? 456: Yes. But I can't think of the word. Interviewer: You ever heard it called some kind of flesh? proud flesh or? And um, uh, the brown liquid that you might put on a cut? 456: Oh, iodine. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, something they use to take for a fever. A real bitter, white powder? 456: {NS} You're talking about quinine if its malaria fever you'd use quinine but not with just, general fever. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And say if someone was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he? 456: He died. Interviewer: Any nicer ways of saying that? 456: {NS} Well, passed away. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Interviewer: Ways of saying it? 456: {NW} Well passed away. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Expired. Interviewer: What about any crude ways of saying that? 456: {NW} Well kick the bucket. {NW} Interviewer: And um, you say well oh he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died. {NS} 456: Well, wouldn't be very good English to say what he died of. Don't know nobody's been able to figure out what killed him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or what caused his {NS} him to lose his life. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um And places where people are buried is called a? 456: {NS} A cemetery. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 456: Graveyard. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh what they put the body in 456: {NW} A coffin. Interviewer: Or 456: Or in in the ground Interviewer: Or in #1 Would you call a # 456: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Coffin now or the fancy metal thing, you call that a coffin? Is there any other name for that? 456: I suppose so but we usually say coffin. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say he was a an import- #1 man # 456: #2 Well you say oh # He used to say a box Interviewer: Okay 456: Put him in a box #1 but # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: Think coffin sounds nicer than a box. Interviewer: Uh-huh Say uh the ceremony at the cemetery is called a 456: A funeral service. Interviewer: And um if people are dressed in black you say that they are in 456: Mourning. Interviewer: And um On an average sort of day someone asks you how you're feeling you'd say 456: I feel fine. Interviewer: And um the disease symptom or when- people when they're getting older um and their-their joints start giving them trouble, they say they've got 456: Rheumatism or arthritis. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um This is a disease that uh people used to get and and children would die from it. They'd um get a really bad sore throat and they'd choke up. 456: Diphtheria. Interviewer: Mm-kay And a disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow 456: Um yellow jaundice, is that? Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Is that what you're thinking about? Interviewer: Do you ever hear that called anything else? 456: Uh yes I have but I don't remember Interviewer: {D: Janders?} Did you ever hear that? 456: {D: Janders} {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Or jaundice. Interviewer: Okay. And um could you have a pain down here and you had to have an operation you'd say you 456: Appendicitis Interviewer: Any old-fashioned name for that? 456: I don't know Interviewer: What about um say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up you'd say they had to 456: He had to Oh vomit or throw up. Interviewer: #1 Which one doesn't # 456: #2 Doesn't sound very good either one of them. # Interviewer: They both sound pretty bad? {NW} Does one of those terms sound nicer than the other? 456: Oh I don't know. I don't think there's much difference. Interviewer: What about a really crude term? 456: Upchuck #1 Mm-kay # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # And um if a person vomited you'd say he was sick #1 where? # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # To his stomach Interviewer: And um say if a boy was spending a lot of a time with a girl he kept going over to her house and everything you'd say he was 456: Dating her. Interviewer: Okay. Anything people used to say? 456: Going steady. Or I don't know going steady goes back a right good way Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: A long time ago they used to say court Interviewer: Okay. 456: He was courting her. Interviewer: And um he would be her 456: Boyfriend, gentleman friend. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Or Interviewer: And she would be his 456: Sweetheart. Interviewer: And um 456: A girl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if the boy came home with lipstick on his color his little brother would say that he had been doing what? 456: I'd say he'd been necking #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 456: {NW} Interviewer: And uh if when the girl stops letting the boy come over to see her, he'd say she 456: Who knows? Quit dating. Interviewer: Okay. And say um he asked her to marry him but she 456: She refused. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 456: Turned him down. Interviewer: Okay. And say they were engaged and all of a sudden she 456: They were engaged and all of a sudden she broke it off. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Called it off. Interviewer: Say at the wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called a 456: The best man. Interviewer: And the woman that stands up with the bride 456: Is the maid of honor or the matron of honor. Interviewer: Okay. And uh After a wedding or at least a long time ago they used to sometimes um fire off rifles and ring cowbells and make a lot of noise. Do you know what that was #1 called? # 456: #2 Celebrate # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear the term serenade or shivaree? 456: Oh serenade you mean after people got married? Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Mm-hmm. Serenade is a word that's more familiar to me. {NW} Interviewer: What does serenade mean? 456: Well they used to uh go to the house and outside you know sing and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And uh tease them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: {NS} Maybe play instruments like guitars and whatnot, ukuleles. Interviewer: Was this um 456: We call it serenading. Interviewer: Was this to the um couple after they got married? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And um Say if if there was trouble at a party you might say the police came and they and arrested the they didn't arrest just one or two they arrested the 456: Well, we'd just say the crowd. Interviewer: Okay. Or the 456: Or the group Interviewer: Okay. Um but maybe they arrested everybody there you'd say they arrested the 456: Well you'd say the entire group I suppose. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 456: #2 The whole party. # Interviewer: And um say if you were down um say if you were like going to Miami last weekend you'd say last week I was I went #1 What? # 456: #2 To # Interviewer: Hmm? 456: Just went to Miami. Interviewer: Would you use the word um down or over or up any of those words help? 456: Well it is south. And you might say down but I wouldn't I'd just say I went to Miami. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about say you were talking about Panama City? 456: I'd just say the same thing. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 456: #2 Up # or down I don't think is necessary. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh 456: Or if you're in the north you could say I went down south that would be different or we'd say here we went up north. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But just for the cities around here you wouldn't? You don't think you'd use #1 it? # 456: #2 Mm-mm, I don't think I would. # Interviewer: When um young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you call that uh 456: They would do what to music? Interviewer: Move around on the floor. 456: Oh dance. Interviewer: Mm-kay What different um types of dances did there used to be? 456: {NW} Different kinds. Way back was the Virginia reel there was the what they call a hoedown Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And barn dances {NW} and the round dance common ballroom dancing Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was the hoedown? 456: A hoedown was a I think it was a country dance you know they just I guess it's because a hoe is an instrument that has to do with the country you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Usually think of the country when you think of a hoe. {NS} It's just the expression hoedown Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: country dance. Interviewer: Was it sort of a wild dance? Were they pretty active? 456: Well I imagine they were active but I wouldn't think it'd be a uh a bad kind of dance. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. 456: It was just a good country fun Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Time. Interviewer: Say um if children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four oh clock school does what? 456: Closes or uh school is out. We usually school is out at four oh clock. Interviewer: And um after vacation children might ask when does school 456: When does school close uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 Or # 456: #2 Think of # Interviewer: When it um. You say the day after Labor Day is when school After vacation Then you want to know when does school 456: When school opens again? Interviewer: Okay. Um. And if if say a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up to school that day you'd say that he 456: He He went to school but he didn't I mean he left home to go to school. He played hooky. Interviewer: Okay. And um You say after high school you go on to 456: College. Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into 456: To elementary school. Interviewer: But which class or which grade? 456: Well first grade. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um you say years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at 456: Desks. Interviewer: And each child has his own 456: Has his own desk. Interviewer: And uh if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 456: Library. Interviewer: And to mail a letter 456: Post office or the box, post uh, mailbox. Interviewer: Mm-kay And you stay overnight in a strange town at a 456: Motel or hotel. Interviewer: #1 And you # 456: #2 Or an inn. # Interviewer: And a play or movie you'd go to a {NS} 456: Theater. Interviewer: And um if you were real sick you might have to go into the 456: Infirmary or hospital. Interviewer: And the woman that'd look after you would be a 456: Nurse. Interviewer: And to catch a train you'd go to the 456: Depot. Interviewer: Or #1 you might # 456: #2 Station. # Railroad station. Interviewer: And um Say if um if there's a vacant lot at the corner and you go across it instead of going around it um you'd #1 say you were walking # 456: #2 You just # cut across Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um or say if there's a if your house is on a corner and uh say your house is on a corner {NS} like um like this is your house then the house over here 456: It would be across the corner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any expression you #1 can think of # 456: #2 Well # catty corner Interviewer: #1 is the # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 456: word that's used sometimes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How do you, would you 456: I don't know how you spell it. {NW} Interviewer: Would you use that word catty corner talking about cutting across a lot? 456: #1 You could uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 The same lot? # And um you said before they had buses in town they used to have the things that run on tracks and have a wire overhead 456: A wire overhead? Interviewer: Yeah. Sort of a bus, before they had buses they used to have these vehicles that would run on rails and had a wire overhead. 456: Uh you're not talking about a train? Talking about a stage coach? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of street cars #1 or electric cars? # 456: #2 Oh street cars yes # electric cars. Interviewer: Did you have those around here? 456: No we didn't have any here. Interviewer: #1 And um # 456: #2 We weren't # big enough for that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm You might tell the the bus driver this corner is where I want 456: To get off. Interviewer: And um you say here in um in Gulf county Port Saint Joe is the So where they have the courthouse you'd say it's the 456: Uh the county seat {C: Fix this} Interviewer: Okay. {C: Fix this} #1 And um # 456: #2 I was # trying to think of something else. Interviewer: No that's that's what I was thinking of um If you were uh an F-B-I agent you'd be working for the federal 456: government. Interviewer: And um the police in the town are supposed to maintain 456: Order. Interviewer: #1 Or you might # 456: #2 Peace # Interviewer: A fuller expression that you might say 456: Law? Interviewer: Okay. 456: Hmm? Interviewer: The whole expression you might say they're supposed to maintain law 456: and order. Interviewer: Say the whole thing. 456: Law and order. Interviewer: Okay. And um the fight in this country between the north and the south 456: Uh-huh Referring to the Civil War? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other names for that? 456: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Or did y'all only just call it Civil War? {NS} 456: Just think of it as Civil War. Interviewer: {NS} And say before they had the um electric chair murderers were 456: They were uh I actually don't know if you say they were hanged I've seen it written that way. Also seen it written hung. Interviewer: #1 Which sounds # 456: #2 I don't know which # is correct Interviewer: Which sounds more {NS} familiar? 456: {D: Well} I don't know I think hung sounds better but I'm not sure. Interviewer: Uh-huh. They said a man went out and what himself 456: Um hung himself or hanged himself I don't know Interviewer: Okay. 456: I don't know which is best. {X} Interviewer: And uh these are some names of some states and some cities. {NW} The biggest city in this country is in what state 456: Um Uh New York. Interviewer: Okay. And um Baltimore is in {NS} 456: Maryland. Interviewer: And what are some of the states in the south? 456: {NW} Well, Georgia, {NS} Alabama, Florida, Texas {NS} Louisiana, Tennessee, {NS} West Virginia I think is considered a southern state. I don't think Virginia is. Think West Virginia is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What about um the state just above Tennessee? 456: It's Kentucky. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And over from that is? To the west of that is? {NS} 456: I don't know what's just west of it. {NS} Louisiana? Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} say um Raleigh is the capital of 456: Um North Carolina Interviewer: And then just beneath that is 456: South Carolina Interviewer: And um the show me state is starts with an M 456: I don't know. Interviewer: {X} Mis- 456: Huh? Interviewer: It starts with an M. 456: I don't know. Interviewer: What about um you said Little Rock is the capital of 456: Arkansas Interviewer: Okay and um Jackson is the capital of 456: Mississippi. I didn't name I didn't mention Mississippi a while ago. Interviewer: What about um do you remember the {NS} the state that {X} just before the Civil War um there was the something compromise where they decided that one state would slave and the other would be free? 456: Um Interviewer: The Mis- Or what's another state in that area? That starts with an M? Mis- 456: Missouri? Interviewer: Huh? 456: Missouri? Interviewer: Okay what's-what's the biggest um city in Missouri? 456: I don't know I can't think right now. Interviewer: It'd be St.- 456: St. Louis. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um Tulsa is in 456: Oklahoma. Interviewer: And Boston is in 456: Massachusetts. Interviewer: And the states from Main to Connecticut are called the 456: The um Mm Interviewer: The new- The states up in that area is called the new- 456: New England? Interviewer: Okay. And um the biggest city in Maryland 456: Oh is it Baltimore? Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 456: #2 I'm not sure # Interviewer: And the capital of the United States is 456: Washington of course Interviewer: Washington what? 456: D-C Interviewer: And um the old historical seaport in South Carolina? It's Char- 456: Charl- Charleston. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh city up in Illinois the big city. 456: Chicago. Interviewer: And uh what are some of the big cities in Alabama? 456: Well {NW} We've got {X} Birmingham, Mobile Interviewer: Okay. 456: Bout the largest I think. Interviewer: What about um the city up in the mountains in North Carolina? It'd be Ash- 456: Asheville? Interviewer: #1 And uh # 456: #2 But is that # Is that a real large city? Interviewer: #1 I don't think that-that it is # 456: #2 I never thought of it as being specially large uh-huh. # Interviewer: What are um Some of the- Some of the bigger cities in Tennessee 456: Well Nashville I suppose, Knoxville Interviewer: Where they have um Lookout Mountain? 456: Mm-hmm. Chattanooga. Interviewer: And the city up in west Tennessee? 456: I don't know. Memphis. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um some of the cities in Georgia? 456: Atlanta is the largest. Savannah. {NW} Macon, or well Interviewer: The- city um where Fort Benning is near? 456: Mm. I don't know just where Fort Benning is. Interviewer: Or the name of the person who discovered America? 456: Columbus. Interviewer: Mm-kay. #1 And uh # 456: #2 Well that's not # so large. {D: It's just I would say attracts a lot of visitors} Interviewer: #1 Next # 456: #2 Columbus is not real big # Interviewer: After Macon and Atlanta to them though 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Unless 456: Yeah well I know Macon's not very big. But Atlanta {NS} Interviewer: That's the biggest in Georgia. Um 456: Where are you from? Interviewer: Atlanta. 456: Are you? Interviewer: Well actually Conyers but I say Atlanta. Um the biggest city in southern Ohio? 456: {NS} Must be Cincinnati {NW} because I know that's right on the border when we stayed in Kentucky and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: And at night and when it sets down in the daytime. Interviewer: Where were you in Kentucky? 456: At uh We stayed in Franklin Tennessee {NW} the first night and we stayed while we were at the assembly. At uh Covington Kentucky Interviewer: Franklin is right near Nashville, isn't it? 456: Mm-hmm It's right close to Nashville well we stopped in Nashville and visited the {X} chapel there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And then we went by the um Ole Opera House, Grand Ole Opera House Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And um it wasn't- it was just a few miles Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: To Covington. Ten, about ten miles I think. Interviewer: And um So the-the two biggest cities in-in Louisiana? 456: Well, New Orleans I suppose is one of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: I don't know much about Louisiana. Interviewer: And the-the capital of Louisiana? 456: {NS} I don't know. I can't think of it right now. Interviewer: Starts with a B. Bat- 456: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Auxiliary: Y'all about through? Interviewer: Oh this tape's gonna run out in just a few more minutes. Auxiliary: I'm getting hungry. 456: {NW} Interviewer: Um Where they hold the Kentucky Derby is? {C: background noise} 456: Oh um I don't know. Interviewer: Starts with an L. The biggest city in Kentucky. 456: I don't know about that. Interviewer: #1 It's Lou- # 456: #2 It's not- # {X} Louisville. Yeah we, we went to Louisville. Why I wasn't even thinking about it. Interviewer: And um the country um Belfast is in northern 456: Ireland. Interviewer: And Paris is in 456: France Interviewer: And Moscow is 456: Russia. Interviewer: And um say if um if someone asks you to go with them and you're not sure you want to you might say um I'm not-I don't know what I want to go or not I don't know. 456: Well I'd probably say let me think about it a while #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay so I don't know # 456: I don't know whether I would like to or not. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um If you want someone to go with you you might say I won't go what he goes. #1 I won't go # 456: #2 Unless. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um Say I had a choice of two things at first I was going to do this but then I decided I'd do that in what of this? 456: In preference. Interviewer: Or ins-ins- 456: Instead. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Just instead. Interviewer: Say if two people become um members of church you say they 456: Joined. Interviewer: And you go to church to pray to 456: God. Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a 456: Sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the 456: Music. Interviewer: And if you really liked the music you'd say the music was just 456: Great. Interviewer: Or just 456: Enjoyable. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um the enemy of God is called the 456: Devil. Interviewer: Any other names for him? 456: Satan. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em? If they didn't behave? 456: Well we aren't supposed to tell 'em that. They used to say the bad man. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um what do people sometimes think they see around a graveyard at night? 456: {NW} I don't know but they think they see ghost. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other names for that? 456: Um {NS} I've heard the term H-A-I-N-T haint. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um say there's a house in the neighborhood that everyone's scared to go in 456: Call it haunted Interviewer: Huh? 456: Say it's haunted. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear hainted? 456: Well yeah. Interviewer: And um you might tell someone um you better put a sweater on it's it's not real cold outside but #1 it's getting # 456: #2 But # it's chilly Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you had the choice of two things you might say I'd what do this than that thing? 456: I would pre-prefer to do this or I would rather do this. Interviewer: Okay. And um do you ever use the expression right smart? Talking about a right smart of land or a right smart of 456: Hmm. Interviewer: Have you heard that expression around here? Say it rained right smart or {NS} 456: Well I've heard it but not very much Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} How-how would people say it? 456: {NW} {D: I don't know} Rained right smart. But now I'd think many people would use it Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um if someone asked you can you really do that you'd say I what can I 456: I'd just say yes. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if someone says something kind of shocking and you sort of resented 'em saying it you might say why the very 456: the very idea. Interviewer: Okay. And um when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask them then? You're asking about his health you might ask 456: How are you? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And when you're introduced to a stranger what might you ask him? 456: How do you do? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um Say if a group of people was leaving your house after a visit you might tell them I I hope 456: You'll come again Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um what do you say- how do you greet someone around december twenty-fifth? 456: Well, merry christmas. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other greetings? 456: Well, happy christmas. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Happy holiday Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression christmas gift? 456: Yes. Interviewer: To say to people? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How would that be used? 456: Well just Instead of saying hello we'd just say christmas gift. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd just say that any time during the christmas season or 456: You could if you wanted to. Usually um right close to the-the day Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What around what um about um the first of January? 456: I wouldn't think you'd say it then. Interviewer: Or what-what would you say then? You'd say happy 456: Happy new year. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And um you might say I have to go downtown to do some 456: Shopping. Interviewer: And say if you just bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and 456: Wrapped. Interviewer: Okay and when I got home I 456: Unwrapped. Interviewer: Okay. And if you ever sell something for less than you paid for it you'd be selling it at a 456: Loss. Interviewer: And um say if you buy something but don't have the money for it you'd say well I like it but it what too much? 456: Cost too much. Interviewer: And um when it's time to pay the bill say on the first of the month you say the bill is 456: Due. Interviewer: And if you're going to a club you have to pay your 456: Dues or pledge. Interviewer: #1 And um # 456: #2 Usually dues # to a club I guess. Interviewer: Say if you don't have any money you might go to a friend and try to 456: Borrow. Interviewer: And um you'd say in the thirties money was 456: Scarce. Interviewer: And um you'd say you ran down the springboard and what 456: Dived. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Dived. Interviewer: And you'd say several children have already what 456: Dived. Interviewer: And you'd say that I was too scared to 456: I was too scared to dive. Interviewer: And um when you dive and you hit the water flat you call that a 456: {NW} I can't remember something about a belly uh. Interviewer: Did you ever heard belly buster? 456: Yeah belly buster. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um say a child puts his head on the ground and then turns a 456: Um stands on his head? Interviewer: Or turns well you'd say he turns a 456: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you say he dived into the water and he what across 456: Swam. Interviewer: And you'd say I have 456: I have swum. Interviewer: And children like to 456: Swim. Interviewer: And um if you buy something or pay your bill some storekeepers will give you a little present and say that it's for {NS} Did you ever hear the expression Interviewer: Okay um a kind of uh a wire fence that it comes in strands and it's got little um it's twisted you know? 456: Now if you're asking what kind of a fence it is? Interviewer: #1 You know it's the kind that # 456: #2 A wire # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Well, all I know is it would be a wire fence. Interviewer: But you know the kind that comes in strands and it would catch your clothes on it if you tried to climb it 456: Barbed wire? Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} Say if um somebody didn't know how to swim, you'd say He got in the water and he 456: He drowned. Interviewer: And you say um 456: Sank. Interviewer: Okay. And um say after he went down for the third time you'd say that he was 456: He was drowned. Interviewer: And you'd say I didn't see him 456: Didn't see him drown. Interviewer: And um what does a baby do before it can walk? 456: Some of them crawl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Not all of 'em. Interviewer: And um You'd say that would be a hard mountain to 456: Climb. Interviewer: But last year my neighbor 456: Climbed it. Interviewer: But I've never 456: But I've never climbed it. Interviewer: And um you'd say she walked up to the altar and she 456: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you were tired you might say I think I'll go over to the couch and 456: Lie down Interviewer: And um Talking about things that you see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 456: Dreamed. Interviewer: And you'd say often when I go to sleep I 456: Dream. Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I 456: Dream. Interviewer: #1 And # 456: #2 What I # have dreamed. You said I've Interviewer: Yeah 456: I have dreamed. Interviewer: And um when I say I dreamed I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I 456: Woke up Interviewer: And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you 456: I stomp. Interviewer: And um Say if you saw a a friend leaving some place alone you might ask can I what you home? Can I 456: May I walk you home? Interviewer: Okay. What if you had your car? 456: May I drive you home? Interviewer: Okay would you ever say any other things #1 besides # 456: #2 Well # May I take you home? Interviewer: Okay what about carry? 456: Well carry Interviewer: Okay. And to get something to come towards you you'd take hold of it and 456: Pull. Interviewer: And another one would be 456: Push. Interviewer: And um {NW} say if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say I picked it up and I 456: I just carried it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other word you'd use besides carry? 456: Well uh tote Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Some people say tote, I toted it. Interviewer: Does tote um mean the same thing as carry or do you do you think those mean a little bit different or what 456: Well carry can be used in other ways but I think if you say tote it would just, just be that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does Do you have an idea that uh you know you've got both your arms around it or could it be just something you grab by the handle or 456: Well would it make any difference? If Oh we buy these sort of tote bags all the time and you just hold it by handle and and you don't need to {NS} carry it with both hands. You would really have a load if you had to use both hands I mean I think. Interviewer: Okay. And um you might tell a child um that stove is very hot so 456: Don't touch it Interviewer: And um say if you needed a hammer you might tell someone to go 456: Go bring a hammer Interviewer: Okay. And um you know the the kind of um children's game where one person um is it and all the other children hide 456: That that is hide and seek Interviewer: Okay. What did you call it when you were little? 456: #1 That's what I called it. # Interviewer: #2 Same thing? # 456: Hide and Seek. Interviewer: And um what you run towards is the the maybe the tree that that you can run for and be safe is called a 456: I don't know Interviewer: Do you know what I mean? When you're playing hide and seek the the place that you run for what do you call that? 456: Oh the home base, a home? Interviewer: Okay. And um in football you towards a 456: The goal? Interviewer: And um you say you throw a ball and ask somebody to 456: Catch it Interviewer: Then you say I threw the ball and he 456: He caught it. Interviewer: And you say I've been fishing but I haven't 456: Caught any. Interviewer: And um you might tell someone there's no need to hurry if I get there first I'll 456: Wait for you. Interviewer: And uh say if you're about to um punish your child he might tell you not to punish him just give me another 456: Chance. Interviewer: And um if a man's in a very good mood you might say he's in a very good 456: humor. Interviewer: And um you might say well we've got termites but I'm sure the exterminating company will get 456: Get rid of them. {NS} Interviewer: And um say if a child left a pencil on her desk and came back and didn't find it there you might say um I bet somebody 456: Took my pencil. Interviewer: Okay any other word that y'all might use? 456: Well, she could've said stole but Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Kind of hate to think that she'd say that Interviewer: And um you might say I've just what him a letter 456: Just wrote. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Wrote. Interviewer: Okay um You say yesterday he 456: He wrote. Interviewer: And I have 456: I have written. Interviewer: And tomorrow I will 456: Will write. Interviewer: And uh You say I wrote him it was time I was getting a 456: Getting an answer Interviewer: And um you say you put the letter in the envelope and then you take your pen and you 456: Address it. Interviewer: Okay. And um anything older people used to say? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear back back the letter? 456: Well, I wouldn't {NS} Interviewer: You might say well I was going to write him but I didn't know his 456: Address. Interviewer: And um say that a child's learned something knew like maybe learned to whistle you might ask who 456: Taught you. Interviewer: Okay. And um A child that's always running and telling on the other children 456: Oh we used to call them tattletales. Interviewer: Okay. Would you use that word about an adult? 456: Well, I don't know. I've never heard it used. Interviewer: Okay And um Say if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot of things growing in a garden or in your yard, you might go out and 456: Pick flowers. Interviewer: Okay. And something that a child plays with you'd call a 456: Toy. Interviewer: And um any other expressions you might {NS} 456: Playthings. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about play-pretty? 456: Well play-pretty is Interviewer: #1 Is that # 456: #2 You could say that too # I've heard that. Interviewer: Is a play-pretty something that just a young child might have or would you say it about anything? 456: Well I'd think it would apply to children. {NS} Interviewer: Just any toy could be a play-pretty? Mm-kay. And um you might say um I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it 456: When it began to rain. Interviewer: And um {NS} You might ask what time does the movie 456: Start or begin Interviewer: And you say it must have already 456: Must have already started. Interviewer: Or already 456: Begun. Interviewer: And um you say when people wanna get someplace fast instead of walking they 456: They ride. Interviewer: Or they 456: Run. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say I was feeling so good I what all the way home? 456: Ran all the way home. Interviewer: And you say they have what 456: They have run. Interviewer: {NS} And um say if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he what from? {NS} 456: We'd say where was he born Interviewer: Okay. And um You say with your eyes you 456: See Interviewer: And you say I what are outside a few minutes ago 456: I don't understand Interviewer: Using that word you'd say I 456: {NS} I don't understand your question. Interviewer: Well okay um you say with your eyes you 456: You see Interviewer: And you say yesterday I 456: I saw. Interviewer: Okay and I have 456: I have seen. Interviewer: And um you might say you can't get through there cause the highway department's got their machines and then the road's all 456: Blocked. Interviewer: Or all to- 456: Torn up. Interviewer: And um say if you give someone a bracelet and you wanna see how it looks on 'em you might say well why don't you 456: Why don't you wear it? Interviewer: #1 Or why # 456: #2 Or put it on? # Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um If say if you had a question and I didn't know the answer I might say you better go what somebody else? 456: Ask. Interviewer: And so you say so then I went and 456: Ask {X} Interviewer: You might say you've already 456: Have already ask Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you say those little boys like to what each other? 456: Fight. Interviewer: And you say um every time they met they 456: Fought. Interviewer: And ever since they were small they 456: They have been fighting. Interviewer: Or they have 456: Have fought. Interviewer: And um you say she what him with a big knife 456: She hit him. Interviewer: Or 456: Slapped. Interviewer: Or s- Would you say stabbed or #1 {D: stobbed or?} # 456: #2 Oh stabbed. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um say if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to what it up? 456: To lift it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other words you'd use besides lift? 456: To raise. Interviewer: What about hoist or heist? 456: Well could use that. Interviewer: How would you say that? {X} 456: To heist it up. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um now now could you start um counting slowly? 456: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the number after nineteen. 456: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six. 456: Seven. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And twenty-nine. 456: Thirty. Interviewer: Thirty-nine. 456: Forty. Interviewer: Sixty-nine. 456: Seventy. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Seventy. Interviewer: And ninety-nine. 456: Hundred. Interviewer: Nine hundred ninety-nine. 456: Thousand. Interviewer: And ten times a hundred thousand is one 456: Million. Interviewer: And um say if you had a line of people standing somewhere the person at the head of the line would be the 456: The leader. Interviewer: Or the Say if there were eleven in line the man at the la- at the back of the line would be the eleventh. The one at the head of the line would be the 456: The first. Interviewer: Okay keep going. Then behind him 456: First, second, third, that's what you mean? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth Interviewer: Okay and um you say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all 456: All at once. Interviewer: And um would you name the months of the year? 456: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Interviewer: And the days of the week 456: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. Interviewer: What does Sabbath mean? 456: Hmm? Interviewer: What does Sabbath mean? 456: The lord's day. Interviewer: So that's Sunday? 456: Sunday. Interviewer: And um 456: Well not for everybody. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What # 456: #2 Well # Saturday is the Sabbath for s- for some people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if if you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting? 456: Good morning. Interviewer: Okay and how long does morning last? 456: Until noon. Interviewer: And then you Ask 456: Say afternoon. Interviewer: Okay um and say if you were leaving somebody at about eleven oh clock in the day would you say anything? 456: Well I'd say goodbye. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about good day? Do you ever say that? 456: No. Well I've heard people say that but I don't Haven't heard it a whole lot. Just say goodbye instead of good day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the part of the day after supper 456: Would be evening. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What time would you say that begin and end? 456: Well I don't know I would think maybe about six oh clock. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Depend on Interviewer: #1 Just when # 456: #2 the # area #1 when # Interviewer: #2 just # 456: getting night. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you were leaving somebody's house after dark you'd tell 'em 456: Oh well good night. Interviewer: And um you'd say we had to get up and start work before 456: Day. Interviewer: Or before sun- 456: Before sun up Interviewer: And we worked until 456: Sundown. Interviewer: And you say this morning I saw the sun 456: Rise. Interviewer: And this morning the sun what at #1 six # 456: #2 Rose # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Rose. Interviewer: And you say the sun is already 456: Risen. Interviewer: And um you say to today is Saturday so um Friday was 456: Friday was what? Interviewer: Well Saturday's today so 456: Today is Saturday, yesterday was Friday Interviewer: And um Sunday is {NS} 456: Tomorrow. Interviewer: And um say if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday but the Sunday before last you'd say you came here 456: Well Sunday before last. Interviewer: Okay what if um someone was going to leave on a Sunday ni- a week beyond next Sunday? 456: Well we'd say Sunday week. Interviewer: Okay. And um if someone stayed from the first until the fifteenth you'd say you stayed about 456: About two weeks. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expressions for that? 456: {NS} A fortnight. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do people say that or is that #1 Just # 456: #2 Well # Some people do. I don't. I just say two weeks. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody 456: What time is it? Interviewer: And you might look at your 456: Watch. Interviewer: And if it was midway between seven oh clock and eight oh clock you might say that it was 456: seven-thirty Interviewer: Or another way of saying that? 456: Um Interviewer: Half 456: Half half um hour Interviewer: Or half what 456: Half past Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it was fifteen minutes later than that it would be 456: Um than seven-thirty? Be quarter of eight. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um if you have been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite a 456: Well for quite a while, for ages. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um you say nineteen seventy-two was last year, nineteen seventy-three is 456: This year. Interviewer: And if a child has just had his third birthday you'd say he's 456: Three years old. Interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year, you'd say it happened exactly 456: Same day. Interviewer: Or how long ago? 456: A year ago. Interviewer: And um say you look up at the sky and you say I don't like the looks of those black 456: Clouds. Interviewer: And um on a day when the there aren't any clouds around you'd say that was a what kind of day? 456: A clear day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a day when it's um the sun isn't shining and it's it's all cloudy and so forth 456: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 you'd say it was # 456: you could say it was a cloudy day or a dreary day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um and say if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker you'd figure it it might rain or something in a little while then you'd say it looks like the weather is 456: Clearing up. Oh {X} It's uh getting rough. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um You say um all night long the wind 456: Howled. Interviewer: Or the wind 456: Blew. Interviewer: And you'd say the wind has what harder than that before? 456: Has blown, I suppose. #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Okay # And you say it started raining and the wind began to 456: To The wind began to blow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the wind's from this direction you say it's 456: It's from the west. Interviewer: And a wind halfway between south and west you'd call a 456: I don't know. Between south and west? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Well would you say southwest? Interviewer: Okay. And between south and east? 456: Southeast. Interviewer: And east and north? 456: Uh northeast. Interviewer: And west and north? 456: Northwest. Interviewer: And um say if the wind had been gentle and was gradually getting stronger, you'd say that it was 456: Getting rougher. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other expressions? 456: Well, you'd say harder. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it was the wind was getting weaker and weaker you'd say it was 456: Dying down. Interviewer: And um you might say it's like in the morning in the fall you might say it's not really cold outside but its 456: Chilly. Interviewer: And um a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down 456: I'd say it's just pouring Interviewer: Okay or you'd call it 456: coming down in torrents. Interviewer: Okay and what would you call that kind of rain? 456: Well, I'd call it a hard rain. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 456: Well, I don't know. Interviewer: Cloudburst or downpour or gully washer. 456: Cloudburst, downpour, either one Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if there's thunder and lightning? 456: Well, we'd call it an electrical storm. Interviewer: Mm-kay And what if it's um if it's not a real heavy rain? 456: A light rain. Interviewer: Any other expressions for that? 456: Well uh a light shower Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it's um if it's even finer than that? 456: Well, it could be a {NS} a drizzle #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 456: What's another word for that? Or misty Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um say if you get up in the morning and you can't see across the road you'd say you had a 456: Fog. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Fog. Interviewer: And a day like that you'd call a 456: Foggy day. Interviewer: And um if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you were having 456: Having a drought. Interviewer: And um {NS} Say if um if it was cold enough to to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a 456: We had a freeze. Interviewer: Okay. What if there's it's just sort of a white coating on the ground, not snow 456: Oh well frost. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you say it was so cold last night that the lake 456: Froze over. Interviewer: Okay what if it's if it's not frozen solid but if it just a little ice around the edge maybe. Would you have an expression for that? 456: Well, no, it would be partly frozen. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say um it was so cold last night that the pipes 456: Burst. Interviewer: Okay but because the water 456: Froze. Interviewer: Okay and you say um I tried to do something about it but before I could do anything had already 456: Burst. Interviewer: Or because the water had 456: Had frozen. Interviewer: And you say um if it gets any colder the pipes will 456: Will burst. Interviewer: Or the water will 456: freeze. Interviewer: And um the best room in the house is called the 456: Uh the best room? Interviewer: Yeah the room where you entertain company. 456: Well, we call it living room. Used to say parlor. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: And if they had two they'd probably say the parlor and the back parlor. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um 456: I suppose that was like the living room and den today. Interviewer: Talking about how tall rooms are you'd say this room's about 456: So many feet high. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you might say well I don't smoke cigarettes I don't smoke but he 456: Does. Interviewer: And um say if uh you might say well you can give him his choice but he'll tell you that he what which one you give him that he's that he just what care which one you give him? 456: But it doesn't matter. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say he he don't care or he doesn't care? 456: He doesn't care. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Well I think that's it. 456: Well Interviewer: Oh there was there was one thing I wanted to ask you um you said you did some substitute teaching 456: Oh just a very little when I was just right out of high school myself Interviewer: Just right here in 456: In Saint Joe uh-huh. I've done a lot of teaching but it's been in the church study courses in {X} and uh Interviewer: #1 in music # 456: #2 But I never # In music. But I I never was really taught school. Just a little substitute teacher. Interviewer: I just want to get some general sort of information at first so your name? 461: {Beep} Interviewer: {X} 461: {Beep} Interviewer: And your address? 461: {Beep} {Beep} Interviewer: Is this Chipley or? 461: Mm-hmm yeah Chipley Interviewer: And the county? 461: Washington Interviewer: And the state? 461: Florida Interviewer: What's the name of this community? 461: This is Wausau community. Now I don't live in the city of Wausau but this is Wausau. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} 461: I've been cleaning my barn out I'm fixing to put some new hay in. this evening. Interviewer: Do you have a lot of cattle or? 461: I don't have any cattle I just got a horse and a pony and some goats. Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What do you have the goats for? 461: Uh mainly to keep my place cleaned out see along the fence they eat all the briars. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And uh to keep it clean they just there's not much food and now that's that's good meat I like to eat goat. I butcher one every now and then. We'll look at them after awhile okay? Interviewer: Yeah I'd like to see. Um where were you born? 461: I was born in the Wausau community about five miles from here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And your age? 461: Forty-two. Interviewer: And occupation? 461: Uh civil engineer with the department of transportation. Florida department of transportation. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Highway construction Interviewer: Is that the I think you said that was the work you've done ever since #1 high school? # 461: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: And what church do you go to? 461: I go to uh to the Wausau it's a homeless church community church. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um tell me about your education what schools you went #1 to. # 461: #2 I went to # I went to an elementary school here at Wausau. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then I went to high school and graduated uh from the high school in Chipley. Interviewer: Mm-hmm was that just Wausau Elementary or? 461: Right {NS} and we went to the eighth grade had eighth grade in Wausau. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} And um I like to get sort of an idea of the the people that you come into contact with whether you're active in church or in clubs or most of the people. Do you know most of the people around here or? 461: Right. I'm real active in uh in my church work. Ha. And then I'm active in the community involved. Interviewer: What sort of things? 461: What's that? Interviewer: What what's what do you mean community involvement? 461: Well we've got a club a little club here, a Wausau community development club. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What is? # 461: #2 Now # if you've got some time I'd like to tell you about this community involvement. Interviewer: Yeah 461: Uh just a minute. {NS} I I get a lot of enjoyment out of the same self satisfaction. {NW} I don't have but just see three files here. {NS} And my first file is missing now we got what we call a fun day here see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: This is number four this is one that we just had. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But this community club here just asked me one time to kinda just uh well we was gonna have a fish fry to raise some funds for our club Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and just sell the plates for maybe a dollar a piece. But the more I thought about it I says well I get some gospel sing. I had just moved back down here see. I was raised here but I moved to Chipley and stayed for fourteen years. And then I moved back here. I've been here about three years. Well uh the more I thought about it is to plan something for this this little community. See they've never had an opportunity to be in a parade. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They never had an opportunity to get before the public you see we we and what we call {C: unclear if next line is /realty/ or mispronounced /reality/} realty the the income in this particular area is low. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now there's there's a few I think that I would that uh probably uh average of uh a little above average income. I I just be honest with you but uh this is uh the uh income in this area it's it's pretty low. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Generally speaking we've got a lot a uh widowed uh ladies their husband has died and draw pensions and then uh those that work right around here the income is is quite low. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: So I started this thing this was the fourth one like I said and this is the day that we have here that uh the people in the community can get involved with see this is this this been in one of the top Florida festivals and events uh always supports. It's what we call a fun day in Wausau. I originated this idea see here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I'm not I'm you want the truth about the thing you question me and uh this gives the kids an opportunity to participate and the activities like gopher races that's like I said about this thing with a hard uh shell on it's back and uh the bull frog races and so on. So this again I like I said uh I'm real active in community involvement. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then I just been asked to serve as the area worker for the mental retardation. I don't do all that I don't have time to do all that but I'm able to contact people in this community that will do it for me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now here was the headlines we had a opossum march and we blessed with opossums around here but I believe in the uncommon thing see. We just took some old opossums and you know a opossum we call 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and auction them off and we took the money and sent it to this bur- children's clinic out in uh Galveston, Texas. There's a kid got burned here in Wausau and so we sent two hundred and fifty dollar contribution to it but I'm just getting around to tell you cause you gonna ask me and I'll tell you what I find in those in in community work and then this community too. There's a kid that's got their gophers that I was talking about here in the community. Interviewer: Those are big. 461: Now all this is clippings we get we got uh TV coverage from uh oh I'm trying to find one particular {NW} Interviewer: I might have seen something about that on the the news. 461: Uh-huh Interviewer: I can't 461: Now here's one of our costumes see here? Once I find the old set. Now you've I've never you never heard probably someone auction a opossum off. Interviewer: #1 No # 461: #2 You see? # well that's that's what I wanted to do. And uh here it is in the Pensacola Journal. See here? We Interviewer: Uh-huh What was the husband calling contest like? 461: Uh this is where I took a bunch of husbands and was gonna blindfold them but I had a building and I put them behind this building and I put the wives up on the platform of the truck that we were performing off of. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: and uh let them get on the mic they could give some kind of sound they couldn't say sugar or honey you know to get their husband to come? Now they couldn't call their name it was just a trick but you could say hun or sugar make some kind of little noise or that the husband would detect who it was and come. See {NW} and uh they all some how had a cue that they got their husbands. I didn't get one to mess up this is the first time I hadn't but that was what I was wanting to do for some wife to call the wrong husband up see. Interviewer: {NW} 461: And uh but it they all called now there's the days activities. We had a auctioner from Chipley. {NS} Uh {NS} See it's something for people in this community that I I don't feel like it well now I probably might have I'm not trying to be uh personal about this thing but they've had an opportunity and I feel like I that I I'm I'm serving my fellow man really. Is is what it amounts to there's nobody gets any money what so ever for it now we sell plates and people make contributions and so on and the proceeds that we realized from this event well we turn it it goes to this community development club that I'm talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and we turn it right back in into community projects. A ball park then we send flowers to anybody that passes away in the community no matter who it is.` Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You send flowers to them and then if a member of our club gets in the hospital we send flowers and so on. But you see this fella here it's it's a it's a an enjoyment to me to see a fellow enjoy himself like this man and because of such a day then they are able to do this you see. See the kids participating here? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then uh what we do this is a ball game between Chipley and Wausau and this is the banker at Chipley. This is Rob Golden he's president of the bank of Chipley. Down at Wausau participating in our fun day. This is what I like to see, see? It's right down to earth fun and I really get an enjoyment out of it. Just people that's enjoying the day's activities. Interviewer: I think that really is interesting you get variedly turn out from this whole. 461: {X} that's right. Then we got some people that's coming from well that's if they ever been to Wausau. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: If they ever lived here and moved away then they planning their vacation now to come back uh and be around during the time we have fun day and this is the first Saturday in August each year but it's a kind of a family reunion get together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 461: And uh it's a lot of work but I still feel like it's I'm benefiting uh helping my fellow man can get an opportunity to participate in something that might he might not have but it's not all that easy you run into people that just don't want {NW} something you know you always got some opposition. Interviewer: What sort of opposition did you get from? 461: Well uh I found out in community involvement just like in church work or anything else you'll fi- you'll find that people are they're jealous they're envy uh uh people that makes prosp- uh uh you know if you prosper or either something successful you'll find that anywhere. Now see Christ was crucified and and then you I just expect this that's just like President Nixon said last night you just expect some of the it and it's gonna come. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's just nature. But uh then this is where I think that you determine leadership ability. If you stop then well you're weak. But if you continue to go on and this is our fourth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It's not all that bad but you do run into some I mean it's just that it's just petty it's nature is what it is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I found out another thing in a small community like this you see I'll be honest with you because you question uh now I was up at Chipley and was involved in church work. And then I come back here then I got involved well I was involved in community work up there I was chairman of the cancer crusades here in the county one time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And uh it was a very successful campaign but when you do now let me tell you something else that you run into you take those workers that had worked before you if they see that you would exceed uh what they did then they some way that they will hesitate about helping you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Yeah I I'm gonna tell you the truth now when I run into you they will be hesitate about helping you because they don't want to see their record broke. It's nature again. I just see this and and then I just try to move on but it's just a natural thing that we might do. Okay then I come down here I move back here in this community. And started to get involved in and getting involved in community work and with this day here I found out and you can see it better in a smaller community than you could in a large community. For a little community is run by it it's a I'd say a certain amount of politics or a little structure that runs everything that takes place in a community. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh I don't say that they run everything but they's a controlling factor in a small community. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And when when I come in I could see this I mean if I went their way it was all right but when I began to to move my way if you're a yes it's all right but if you're no then you run into some opposition. And I could see that in this community that it was controlled by just a few you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But uh and it's like I said that they would they would be some that would be against this because they see something has come in they said well now why didn't we do this it the remarks have been made so they made more happen here in in four years then they have in in all of Wausau's life by this day. It's just a natural thing that you hear well people uh they just jealous or envious of such things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's a natural thing. But this is something that's been interesting to me is to watch the reaction of people. Now there was a disturbance in this community here uh well like all communities you got this side you got that side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and I knew something about. It was over uh our school here at Wausau we had a school board mem- a school board member from here and we had our school year then you know when we had to consolidate there was a big uh split up about our school system. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I wasn't living here at that time but I could hear this group would go and then this other group would go and I can tell knowing something about the community what side this one was on and what side the other people was on. Well when I come back in here to get this and got this program started here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I felt like I I like my hometown see and I hate to see uh disturbance quarreling and so on and you gonna have it. I don't mean to say everything is just roses and you talking to an angel here but when I come back in the community I say well now if I could get I looked at it this program here for a lot of benefits. If I could get people working and busy than they wouldn't be fussing all the time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: You know if you keep someone busy they don't have time to quarrel and you know people. So when I come back down and got this program started the rea- the first one there the first day that we had here I had people from both factions working on this program and I knew it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I'd ask this one to that and they had to sit at the same planning station you see? It was interesting to me. And uh so you'll have people this way let me put it this way uh we had an opportunity to go to the T-V station as we do every year to Dothan we'll have uh an opportunity to go to Panama City to publish the {X} Okay uh well some I I just get the word out I said now every-who wants to go down and be on T-V at a certain day be there because I can't go all over the community picking up people to go to T-V stations. This gives our kids chance to appear on the T-V you know everyone wants to be on T-V. Okay. Well I'll get the word I said everybody wants to go now be down at a certain time. And then I call certain ones I don't do it personally but I call some that don't work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: So that I will be sure to have enough to fill on the program. Well this one say you didn't ask me to go Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: you see cause I just in person I'm just telling what actually happens. And uh so they'll you know they puff up a little bit if you {X} well I says I got the word out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: If you'll ignore it that way then they'll stay with you. You can't you can't sympathize with people like this you see what I mean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They always gonna find a little thing see that they want. They want to be part of it but I like to work with people and and see them react in different ways on different things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Some people now this year that worked well next year they won't be well I'll tell you why. A lot of times they they just won't they'll think that uh you can't get your program over. Some people's gonna say well now hey they can't do without me Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but you can. So I just go get somebody each year there's new people that will volunteer to help. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: The man that's cutting my ay- hay out here now. Uh this is the first time I hadn't asked him because uh I didn't think that he would I mean I really uh I say well now he would be one surely that want help with something like this. But these were surprised when I asked him he said he hadn't been this year and I'd be ready to help you next year you see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: So there's always new ones that's come in I reach way out and and get different people and we've had and we've been able to do this. This is a big job we had to cook eight hundred pounds of fish. Interviewer: Yes. 461: See fry eight hundred pounds of fish we had to dress them. But then again is a it's really inspiring we we dress these fish on Friday. I get the word out I says now I have a man to go get them well you know it's planned go get the fish and ice them down I say now here we at eight hundred pounds of fish you'll never get these {X} It's always you always wonder whether you are gonna get it done or not until it's over and then when you see people coming with knives and pans to help this is just best in itself. Well we get the fish dressed you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then that night we come up with something different uh we had this opossum queen contest now let me tell you something about that. I know I'm I'm getting my way around but I feel like that this can be helpful with anybody any work not just here. You see what I mean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh we had this opossum queen contest and we had the age limit to thirty above. See this give people an opportunity and they say it right here to uh well to peop- uh say a beauty time it it was really not that now what did do because thirty or above well you get to an age in that there's not many queen {D: release} anymore at that age. And then I said that we will not have a tape measure we were hunting that we we didn't want any to mention. You see what I'm talking about? That wouldn't be part of it but was still our fun day we had here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That you'd get so many points for the costume so many points for the talent how you made the people laugh is what was asked you see that? And then what you'd do uh the how you'd respond to a question that was asked primarily about a opossum. Interviewer: {NW} 461: And then you got uh five points I think it was for a opossum recipe, you know how you'd cook a opossum. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: We had the most fun day. A ball park was filled up the night we had this opossum queen contest. Interviewer: What questions can you ask about an opossum? 461: Well somebody asked what would you do if you picked up the phone and there was an opossum on the other end you know? Interviewer: {NW} 461: So some woman said she would make love with that opossum. {NW} Yeah well it was really interesting it turned out to be a lot of fun and then we had an old boy in the community here he just a clown I mean he he's got a real good personality and he just a type that's comical you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: So we got him to be master of ceremonies and he added a lot to it you see he dressed up. But it turned out real good and Then here was another age group that were able that was able to participate you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm How how big is this community is it a very old community? 461: Yes it's a I don't remember now I believe it was I got the record on it but I can't remember right off. I don't study much about the history of it. But it was named after Wausau, Wisconsin. Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Yeah. There was a man by the name of Glen that come down here well I don't want you to run your tape you maybe getting something here that you aren't looking for but we could you could save your tape but maybe I could find that. Unless I have I may done give you a copy of that. I've got some history. {NS} We've had Senator Gurney Edward Gurney US senator here. We've had Bob Sites we've had a number {NS} of state dignitaries. I wanted to see if I had a copy of the history of this look at that that appeared in the Pensacola paper on the front page. The Wausau class. See this big gopher? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Now that's what we call a gopher around here. You know I had that encyclopedia and got something that got hair on the tail you know. That's what I was talking about the other day. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And uh well while I'm searching for this and getting back to uh {NS} oh yeah another thing too when the first day that we had here like this I'd say that there was fifty percent I'd I I'd be willing to say that they was fifty percent of the people in Wausau that stayed home the first day we had this day because they didn't think there'd be anything to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: When we talked about having a parade in Wausau in this small community says kids participate in {X} But when we said that we were gonna have a parade in Wausau see it could be nice too. We never had one. It was interesting to listen to people march I could get I'd get and uh people would think about coming to a parade in Wausau. Here's a write up from Cosmo Science one of {X} community campus that I've ever seen when downtown Wausau {D: wasn't in the county.} Oh it's been there finally they decide on each year I introduce myself to the Wausau community fire department chairman. His working under the club was sent to ask ten thousand people participating in all their {X} Right. Ultimately happy doing a fine parade so but uh {NW} we get good coverage on it. And here's another thing. The reason you see so much here's the same fella look at him dancing. See him having fun? He's sixty-eight years old. I had him yesterday in this homecoming parade down at Vernon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Calling hogs just giving a demonstration of calling hogs. {NS} PIG! COME HERE, PIG! You know that's old fashion hog calling you know something like that. Well he thinks that he's a champion you know oh he is. {NW} But he I had him in a truck calling hogs and he rides down these parade routes we had him in the big rodeo parade in Bonifay Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And he waves at people well I had an old lady too it was her picture's in here somewhere. She's eighty something. And uh but these people that's old hold on that a second but I I it's a really a blessing to me to see these people enjoying and say open up I certainly believe that I'm sure that he would've he wouldn't of had that much enjoyment in his lifetime without such a thing it is. I mean this has been helpful maybe there might have been something else but certainly I've added I've ad- added some joy to his life. I feel that way about it. I don't see what I'm hunting, and maybe I'm taking too much of the time, but I did want to get a copy that was running wait a here it is right here. Just the top of it {NS} Interviewer: Was there a lot of um Scottish settlement here? 461: Yeah in fact I they tell me I don't know I don't study too much about my family background really Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but they say that uh we were descendants of Scotland and Ireland. Interviewer: Mm-hmm About how big is um Wausau? 461: I would I would say now that uh the population within the city limits is somewhere in the neighborhood of five hundred. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh the registered voters here uh now this is some indication but still again you can't go by that because there's people that's voting and what I call registered voters that's voting outside of the uh city limits, they're in the community you see what I mean? So I say within the city limits itself of Wausau there's five hundred people. {NW} Interviewer: Where do most people work around here? Could I? 461: You can have that. I got a extra copy. Uh okay now the biggest portion I would say of this of the income of the families in Wausau come from some uh they either come from welfare or social security or old age assistance. You see what I'm talking about? Now you talking about the most families Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I'd say the most come from that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now other other uh income is uh through th-the like I said the department of transportation in Chipley employs a lot of people here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh different uh Interviewer: Most of the young men that work work with the department of transportation or? 461: Uh Interviewer: Or are there very many young people here? 461: Yes um they some now I don't say say most of them I don't let's don't put most of them work there. Now then they's a lot of them works with the uh uh utility companies like the telephone company or power companies but it's outside of Wausau see they got to either go Panama City or got to go to Chipley. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then a lot works with the contractors you see like a building contractor's carpenter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: or road construction. #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 461: like this. Interviewer: There's no factory around? 461: No Interviewer: #1 Anywhere near here? # 461: #2 No no factories that's right. # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Um tell me something about your parents now where they were born and. 461: Um my parents were born right here. My mother was born in Wausau Interviewer: What about your father? 461: He was born in Wausau. Interviewer: And their education? 461: Uh just about the second grades. Interviewer: Both of them? 461: Yeah Interviewer: What work did they do? 461: My mother see now she uh passed away when I was nine days old but she was just a house wife. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: All right now my father he was a farmer and construction worker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now he's passed away too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did your mother did your father remarry? 461: Yeah Interviewer: What? 461: He remarried my mother's sister. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And she's still living. Interviewer: So she was born in #1 Wausau too. # 461: #2 Yeah right # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Do you know how much education she got about #1 the second grade? # 461: #2 I'm about certain. # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: And she was a house wife too? 461: Right. Now she's living on social security today see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But she don't live in the city limits of Wausau so how does she live in Wausau community? Interviewer: Mm-hmm What um what about your grandparents on your mother's side? 461: They had very little education hardly any at all Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But they were raised uh I mean born and raised in the Wausau community. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: On both sides. Interviewer: Gosh What work did they do? 461: Farm. Interviewer: Are they the ones that were the Scotch-Irish? Or 461: Yeah Interviewer: Do you know when when they came down here? 461: No I don't. No. Interviewer: What about your um father's parents are they from Wausau too? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay and probably about the same for them? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: They farm? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: And Scotch-Irish? 461: What's that? Interviewer: Scotch-Irish 461: Yeah. Interviewer: descent? Um and your wife um how old is she? 461: Thirty-seven. Interviewer: And her church? 461: Same place Interviewer: Education? 461: High school Interviewer: Is she born here? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: So y'all went to high school together or? 461: No she went to one high school and I went to uh Chipley. She went to Vernon. Interviewer: How far away is Vernon from here? 461: Eight miles. Interviewer: It would have been closer than 461: Oh oh I'll have to tell you about that. You see I was raised over on this side of {NW} town east. And she was raised west over here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: right back over here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I don't know what made it but it just because of the bus routes and their connections so that any people that lived back in this area was a tendency that they just come on to Chipley. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And the people that live west of this highway right out here there was a tendency for all them to go to Vernon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Just one of those things. Interviewer: When you were growing up which um say when you went into town to get some things did you go to Chipley or Vernon? Which? 461: We went to Chipley. Interviewer: Chipley was always the bigger bigger town. 461: That's right. There was just always a tendency to go to Chipley. I never did hear my parents I'll be honest with you. In other words it come Saturday part- most of the time that was the only time we went to town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well I say we got to go to town and when you mention the word town well it was automatically Chipley. Interviewer: Mm-hmm You never um Chipley was always big enough so it had you know hospitals 461: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 and everything # 461: #1 doctors. # Interviewer: #2 you needed. # 461: Then if you needed some uh like fertilizer for the farm uh seeds then they knew that they could get it at Chipley see? That they might not have that like certain plow items like the tools for the plows you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or buckets uh for the farm and stuff like that they was always felt like you'd find it in Chipley. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Panama City was never? 461: No never. Not even Vernon. Nowhere but Chipley. Interviewer: And um well see what is your wife very active in um 461: #1 Yes community and church # Interviewer: #2 church and the community. # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about her parents? 461: They had very little education. Uh I can't a- answer exactly but I know less than the eighth grade I mean you know maybe the third? Her father probably around third. Her mother might have went to the fifth but no more than any eighth grade education. Interviewer: Were they from around here? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: They were born in Wausau? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Your does your wife work? 461: Yeah she's a beautician. Interviewer: Um now I'd like to get an idea of what the the house that you grew up in looked like. Could you sort of make a sketch of it #1 just # 461: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: of the floor plan? 461: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: It doesn't have to be real exact but just a an idea. 461: I'm gonna get a fellow an artist to draw me a sketch of the my home place. I I'd wished I had a picture. After you come I I I thought about I say well of all the times we never did take a picture of that house and I'll have to tell her but I know a fellow that can draw me a sketch of basically in what I was raised in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But uh I want to do that one of these days. {NS} I'm not I'm no architect I'm in highway construction road building. {NW} Uh let's see now and there's a porch on the back. Then there was a there was a door a door here and there was a door back here. And a door here and there was a window here and a window here. Interviewer: Which direction did the house face? 461: This was uh north that's south west and east. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now let me tell you something about it. This was a fireplace and see I'm gonna write this down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Fireplace and chimney here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay now this is a window. It was um just a shutter we called it. There was no glass in this house. They was no glass windows. It was on hinges just like my barn door right outside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay Interviewer: What was it built out of? 461: It was built out of rough sawed lumber it was not planed off or finished you know I'm not not talking about planed and I can take some I can take you out there and show you the kind of lumber. In a minute we'll can walk out and and look. The kind of lumber that it was built out of. Now the board was real wide see and they were ma- out of a pine Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: boards. I'd say from ten inches now that's not part of the lumber that was in my house but I could take you today and show you some of the lumber that was in this house my aunt's got it for uh just a utility. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: uh room over where she lives some of the lumber that was in the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And that was about ten inches or twelve inches wide. I don't know exactly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But it was cut at a saw mill where you can you can still see the saw marks in it you know. It was real good wood you don't find any of that now that was heart. Okay and the boards stood up this way see. And in other words when you walled it it looked just like this but there's wide boards. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And where I live in this house there was no ceiling inside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And some places and sometimes you could put your hand in between these boards they're dry see? When actually it was built after years that lumber dried and you could put your hands in between these cracks. Now that's right. It was cold. But we we would sleep under four or five quilts you had to put that cover on you or you'd freeze. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now then uh you can get electric blanket it's just amazing how I can lay down and and uh just put a electric blanket I I don't have to have it here not even while I've got central air conditioning and heating. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But back when I was living in a sleeping in this house here in the winter time you'd have six and eight big old quilts only you'd you just couldn't turn over. {NW} That's right and I slept with my grandmother. See when my mother died my grandmother took me to raise me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And she died when she was about sixty-eight years old. But her and I slept together in this room right here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: No no wait a minute I'm wrong. This room this is the kitchen. I'll explain something to you in a minute. This is uh we'll say I don't know whether you'd call it a bedroom or not but there was a bed in here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And uh wait a minute I failed to get a window right here. This was a shutter window here I know. There was a bed in this room this is a big room see here? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I mean big. Here was a big room and then there was a breezeway they called it in between here see it was open. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then there was a porch down all the way across the front here and there was a porch all the way across the back. Interviewer: That breezeway there was open? 461: Yeah it was open. It was open. Interviewer: No roof on that then? 461: Uh yeah there was a roof you see it was open oh let me see how I can Interviewer: Oh you mean you there wasn't a wall here separating it? 461: Uh-uh no uh you see what it was uh the house the top you know and so on. Well the breezeway was open through here see here? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Was open through here. You see now this is the floor plan looking down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: on it see here? And then you had the top and then through here was what they call a breezeway and then there was a porch swing that was set under here i-in under here see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And uh this is what they called a breezeway now. See this was open th- this is a design that a lot of houses were built in this area. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Around in there at that time. But there's not any left now like this that I've I know of I'd I'd take you and we'd look at. But there's not any left. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But this was a big room see just like this this room that was under the the top you see what I mean there was a top of it. This was open. This was another big room back here. And then there was a porch. Just like that right there on the back of that house all the way across it. And then there was one on front just like my front porch all the way across this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now this is the steps that you walked up into the house here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now this was the kitchen and this was a walkway I put a walkway open. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And there was no top on this. In other words you had a top on this part of the house here and you had a top on this kitchen part it was just another uh building by itself but there was a walkway here it had boards that you'd walk across here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I asked why that you had this walkway across here to go to this thing. This is the kitchen where people went to cook and eat see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They said well the only thing somebody made the remark to me I don't know who it was that this was fixed this way in case this got a fire that it wouldn't burn the house but they wasn't nothing to that because really you know people might of thought that. But if this building here had to got a fire a close as it would well I imagine nine times out of ten it would set this building afire because this was about fifteen feet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you couldn't tear that down in time? 461: You see I mean uh I don't know wha- I think the idea back in those days to build these buildings like this was what they said. Somewhere they had got it that if the kitchen see this is where they did their a lot of their cooking see the stove you put wood in the stove then lit it. Wasn't an electric stove or gas. But they'd put wood in here and cook and if this part got afire than it wouldn't burn this up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Is the reason they had it off to itself. This was one big room they was no partitions in it you had a table sitting over here you had a stove here now all these is wood shutters this is a window with just a wood shutter that worked on hinges. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: This is a door back here and then this was a door here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And steps in in front see that? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You did all your cooking and eating here and you had what we called we now you said you was gonna ask me we we had what's we called a safe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: This is where we put our food and kept it from one meal to the next. We didn't have a refrigerator. It was a cabinet type thing just like this over here with screen wire in the front. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And you'd set biscuits corn bread and stuff in there like that. {NW} And then we had a big barrel. Tell you something here. You you talking about these old oak barrels Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: we kept our corn meal in this barrel. Uh you know what a barrel is you know what I'm talking about? Fi- about fifty-five gallons capacity. We'd keep the corn meal in there in this barrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And uh so you'd reach in and take the corn meal out and make these hoe cakes and corn pone that I'm talking about but we kept it in a big barrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I remember one time that my aunt lived with me and my grandma see she took me and raised me when my mother died and I got it then to be a boy I don't know how old I was may- say ten years old. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I heard her say one time my aunt she's living now over here. And she looked in that barrel there was me and my grandmother and my aunt and then my aunt married and then her husband come and there was four of us living together in this house but there was three at one time. I heard my aunt say she looked in that barrel she says meal is just about out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then my old grandmother over here and she said don't worry the good Lord will provide. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I said well one of these days I'm gonna see a man with long beard and long hair pouring some meal in that bar- I thought she meant I you know it was just a thought it come to my mind. Interviewer: {NW} 461: I says I'm afraid to come in see it was a building all by itself I says I I'm gonna be afraid to go in here because I see this fellow you know it's some fear #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 461: And when I heard her say that that's something that I've always remembered she said that. Interviewer: {NW} 461: But that was her faith that she had. Now she would walk from here to Wausau right down here in the heart of this little town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I believe that it was measured. I think it's about four miles now by highway. But the way she walked I'd say it was a good four and a half or five miles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And my grandmother died when she was about I think sixty-eight or sixty-nine. But she didn't work any for a few years before she died. I'd say at sixty years old to sixty five now I'm gonna put it that way. From sixty to sixty.five she walked now she didn't ride no mule and wagon no she didn't ride a car she walked by foot from here to sew in a sewing room. It was part of the W-P-A. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or P-W-A or what you want to call it back in those days. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh she would walk from here and sew and walk back home during the day. For to provide her livelihood now she did this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That was the only income in that house at that time see until my aunt married and her husband began to fish down at Panama City. He'd go out on the fish boats and he'd stay for a week or two at a time and then come in every so often. But he started fishing and there was some more income to come into the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What what do you call these rooms? What this was the kitchen and then you didn't tell me the names for those. 461: Well now well this is the kitchen and we call this right here the big house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: In the big house. Uh and then this is right in right here is just what we called the back room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You see there? Now when my aunt married well before she married like I said me and my grandmother when the three of us was home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: me and her slept in a bed here. Now there was no partitions in these rooms what so ever. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They's no partitions back here There was a bed here and then there was a {NS} I don't know really well we call it uh well we kept our quilts and clothes over here. I don't know there might have been a name for it and you you it would be good if you have that but I can't think of think of it right now. But it's like the safe that I was telling you about that we kept our food in but we kept our clothes in it. Clothes well it wasn't a clothes closet that's too big a word to use but it was where we kept our quilts and our clothing over in this corner. Then we had a dresser over here we had another dresser over here we had two dressers in that house and we had a a large type uh phonograph I believe it was RCA. It stood way up here with a crank on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Right right over here. And a dresser here and a dresser here and then this fireplace see see here? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And we would build a fire this is our heater this is the only kind of heat we had. Other than what was on the stove but here when we cooked in in the stove. The stove was here our dining table was here we had a what we called uh cabinet. Uh to keep flour and and so on in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And uh all this was in here there was no partition in here. But the only heat was uh heat from this stove when we put wood in it that we had to cut. And put biscuits in the oven to bake them and food on top to cook it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then this fireplace was the only source of heat we had here. Then while I'm thinking about it the only source of water that we had was in a we called it a branch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It was a small stream that run this way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh the source of water was out that branch and we took a bucket went down and dipped it up and brought it back and set it right out here this porch extended on across here all the way in front. We had a place right over here and we'd set the buckets of water right up here. Interviewer: What did you call that place on the porch? 461: Piazza Interviewer: What's what's a piazza? 461: It's a porch. Interviewer: Is it a special kind of porch or just any porch? 461: Well now I don't know whether it's a special but uh I'll I known it I I knew it as a piazza uh I just got it from my grand grandmother now if whether it was qualified as a piazza here I don't know. They usually didn't say porch. They say on the piazza. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: See what I mean? This is what we call this thing in front here just like this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: This is what that's what we call. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I guess and uh but our source of water's from this branch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then we'd iron uh when my aunt would iron clothes my grandmother we had wood that we'd put in this fireplace Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and heat it. And take these irons I got some right in there for book ends or something stand them up and right before that real hot fire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I would take something and wipe that sud off of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and then get down and iron with it. Interviewer: I don't see how people do that. 461: #1 I know. # Interviewer: #2 I'd be so # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 461: And then another thing I want to tell you about uh I remember we had a few chickens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: we didn't maybe we had a few cows just we had a few chickens and a few cows. When I say few five or six I mean. Few hogs we weren't what you'd call big time farmers it uh l-like so many acres and so on you know. But I remember one time here in the chicken lay. Now I don't think food was that scarce really I was just a young boy you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But I heared a roost- I mean a chicken cackle and I knew that she had laid and I said well we're gonna have something to eat. That egg. Now I can remember that but like I said I was a young boy and probably uh you know we had some more food I know we had some corn bread and so on but. Oh and I'm just being honest with you it was poor people Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: that had very little money and very little to eat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: while we had maybe a lot of what we had corn bread and peas and When the pea season uh vegetables in the garden and eggs but uh like steak and so on until my aunt married and her husband began to work then we had a different type of eating. He was able to make money and we'd had a different type of food. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And all of these like I said was door shutters there was no screens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I can think about it now. And there was flies those days just like there are now. But we didn't have screens. Interviewer: Yeah 461: We didn't have any. It was no glass worry about breaking a glass with a ball football or baseball. And uh the baseball I don't remember ever having a baseball. I do remember fixing balls out of a sock packing it with stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then I remember one football that my uh cousin somehow he got ahold of an old football and we was getting on up then uh getting ready to go to high school. I mu- I must of been in the seventh or eighth grade. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And he got an old football somewhere and we played with it a bit. So when I went to Chipley high school I didn't know much about football. Didn't know anything about the fundamentals of it. I did get to see how one was shaped. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They just didn't do that around here at that time. But now and then I played a little bit of football I got to know what it is. But I got a boy now playing in the seventh grade see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: He knows I didn't I didn't I didn't get to do that you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um 461: Maybe you ask me I you just. Interviewer: Um talk about the the fireplace you know um the what did you call the that open place on the floor? In front of the fireplace. 461: The hearth? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah Interviewer: And um what about the things that you'd set the wood on? 461: Uh we called those uh the fire dogs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the part um what about the part over the fireplace? 461: Mantle. Interviewer: Did you ever hear an older name for that? 461: No. Interviewer: Mantle piece or mantle #1 shelf. # 461: #2 Oh well now wait a minute # it was mantle piece. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Okay I can help if you'll ask me that now. I I to find out what you want. Now it was known as a mantle piece. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That's right. Interviewer: What about um say if you were gonna start a fire what kind of wood would you use to start it with? 461: Uh what we called what we did that we'd always get in some fat splinters. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now that's how I know how I knew it. And when I said fat splinters that is a a light weight wood we call and it's pine wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That's uh fallen and it's just a hard it's nothing but it's real when I said fat that is the tar would run out of it. You know what I mean? But we'd say you got some fat wood in to build a fire with. Well I knew what fat wood was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: it was that pine wood. Now I don't know about the general area of this uh in this general area whether they call that fat wood or not but it's either fat wood or fat splinters. Uh Fat splinters is what it was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the word kindling did you 461: #1 No. No. # Interviewer: #2 ever use that? # 461: We used splinters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm it's is kindling something different or? 461: Uh no it's the same thing but it's uh we use the word splinters #1 and then # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 461: kindling is the same thing. Interviewer: {X} 461: Splinters you see what it is if you take just a splint if you break something you pull it off pieces of wood off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh we well what we used uh the word we used was splinters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And what we did we just take a axe and chip off small pieces. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Stack it over here and then that would start the fire right quick like see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um the thing that you have to shovel out of the fireplace? 461: Uh well now we didn't I don't know any word that we use there. What we'd always do we'd take a sh- piece of tin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We didn't have this. I got one in here now and don't know even what to call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: other than a shovel. But we'd take a piece of tin to take these ashes we didn't have one of those things that to dig ashes out with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We'd get something that would do the job and that was it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It didn't have a name as fas as I know. Interviewer: And um talking about things that you'd have in a room like that thing there would be called a? 461: {X} Interviewer: Or no just the what that is that you could sit in. 461: Well uh all that we only thing that we had we had a straight chair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or either we had a rocking chair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or we had a tobacco gum. Interviewer: A tobacco gum? 461: Yeah Interviewer: What's that? 461: Okay now it's a it's a hollow log. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay and you know it's a log that's got a hollow. And then they would raise tobacco and twist it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And uh you gotta cure it now I don't know how to do that. I was young. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But you put that tobacco down and you see you you cut off a piece of log so long, about this long. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Set it down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and put that tobacco down in there. Stack it somewhere in there. Okay then you take a another piece of wood and set down inside of that hollow just about as big just so it would go down there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then you take a long tree and someway anchor it and put a weight back here and press that down in that log. That's how they press their tobacco. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay then uh maybe an old tobacco gum that's what they call it tobacco gum. Now that's an old word and it's real common. I wished I could find one today. You know and we had we had some of them one or two. But uh you take that then see that hollow log and then took put a piece a well like I think they oh yeah they kept something on top of that. Something like this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And underneath it it had something else that would press down and press that you could sit on it then it would make a little stool see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And maybe you still kept your tobacco in it you see? And it just preserved it. In other words this is where you kept tobacco but you had to press it for a few of the times. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now I I don't know how you how you did that but there's people here in this community could tell you how to cure tobacco. You see this old tobacco bought these days that's twisted? Now there's people in this community and they can tell you how to do it. They they raised it. Interviewer: They don't raise it here #1 anymore do they? # 461: #2 No # no Interviewer: Any particular reason #1 people just don't farm out? # 461: #2 I don't know why they just # well one reason there's not as much as that uh okay there's as I don't believe that there's as much well I better not say that old fashioned chewing tobacco as there used to be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now there's a lot of snuff dipping around here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and uh there's a lot of tobacco chewing but it's more less likely sweet tobacco but just plugs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But as far as that old twist tobacco and the old now they used to chew that and then they also used to cut it up and put it in pipes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: There's not as much pipe smoking around here as there used to be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You see your older people used to smoke pipes. I don't know what it is uh probably uh the advertisement I mean the on TV the communication's now about cancer and so on uh there's a lot of smoking but you don't have the old old people sitting around smoking pipes and nicotine all them years like used times. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um 461: I think it's so much trouble to raise that tobacco. They can go buy it when money's a little more available. See they can go down and buy them some tobacco. There's a lot of work and to raise this tobacco I was talking about. They can go down and buy them a plug they they get money these old people now that would do this is getting some money with this welfare bill. They go buy it they just they not gonna work to Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 461: #2 raise it see? # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: And um this thing that we're sitting on you'd call that a? 461: Well now we didn't have this back then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I'll I just learned I I call it a couch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and other names? 461: No. Interviewer: What about sofa? 461: Well I've heard of it but uh you want the common word that that we use? Interviewer: Well just the different names that you've heard. 461: Oh I've heard I've heard it uh sofa and couch. Our our common we we commonly call it couch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um talking about things that you might have in a in a room to um to keep clothes in. What did you mentioned a dresser um what what did you have that you could um could hang your clothes in? 461: Uh well we had a uh a cabinet type chifforobe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That's it. Back in those days now we got a I got a a closet back here where we hang our {X} But we didn't have a closet when I was coming up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: In other words we hung them in the chifforobe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And that was a cabinet type thing with some doors on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We was able now when we had one and that's where we hung our clothes. Interviewer: What about something with drawers in it? 461: Uh we call it the chest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Most common I don't know anybody anybody that got another name and I just can't can't think of it I we I know as a chest. If I wanted uh pair of overalls or socks I went and looked in my drawer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: in my chest. Just an old cabinet type thing with drawers in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of something called a wardrobe? 461: Yeah but we didn't use it. I heard that word. Wardrobe. Yeah but we didn't use that. Interviewer: Do you know what it it looked like or mean you just hear of it? 461: I just heard of it and I figured it was the same thing that uh that chest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well I I wouldn't was n- and I had uh uh that I knew as a chest it was the same thing as a wardrobe. Now it might have been different I really don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But that's how I associate them. Interviewer: And um something well that you would have now maybe and in windows. Something on rollers that you could pull down. 461: Oh yeah the window weights? Interviewer: Well um I've seen something on um on rollers that you could pull down to keep out the light. 461: Shades? Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What was # 461: #2 We didn't have any. # Interviewer: Uh-huh What was the window weights? What's? 461: Okay now you see here again Uh I'm just telling you these words that I knew because uh I learned these window weights now we had glass windows at school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And we had shades but where you had these wood shutters you didn't need that you didn't need a window weight and you didn't need shades. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: See it was just a window shutter. When you open it it was wide open. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Okay now the window weights uh let's see yeah was at was at school there was big windows and they were two-pieced you see about halfway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You could take your hand and slide it up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: well back down inside the walls uh s- rope had went and tied to that bottom part of the window and and down in that wall was a weight. It helped you when you picked it up it would it would go down it was helping you pull see that? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then the shades was rolled something about like this curtain rod and you could pull it down and just snap it a little bit you know pull it a little bit and it would zip back up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Just roll up like a piece of paper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But we I never did have any experience of using that as far as in my personal life. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But we did at school. Interviewer: What would you call um what would be a general name for all the things that you'd have in the house the chairs and tables and so forth. 461: Um I don't know I might that word may have {X} that we use back in those days but it certainly wasn't the word furniture. Interviewer: You didn't call it that? 461: No Interviewer: What about something like um house fixings or plunder or tricks? Does any of that sound familiar? 461: I don't think so. I'd say that the most word that would be fitting there that we would use back in in in that time now I would call it furniture today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I learned that but I'm talking about from the time that uh these uh words that I learned and I found out that they were different after I got that certain amount of education. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh but back in the days when I was coming up we certainly didn't call it furniture. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Maybe uh I I just don't know uh where it would combine all these items inside of a house and just what we did call it it passing my mind if we ever did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I just I can't associate a word that would be fitting for this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But it certainly wouldn't be furniture. Interviewer: Mm-hmm That's something you learned? 461: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about um a small room off the kitchen? Yeah I don't think you had it in in your house but do do you know about that having a little well room off the kitchen where you could keep canned goods and things? 461: No we didn't have it. Interviewer: Do do you know what it's called? 461: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of pantry or kitchen closet or anything? 461: No no but I I'm fixing to come up with something that uh. I'll tell you what we did now. Interviewer: What's that? 461: Where's that piece of paper? Okay now off to the side about in this general area right over here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then somewhere back on over in here was a old barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Something like I got yonder. But this was a barn over here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And this is what we called smokehouse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You see? Now there was no other buildings but but these three. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I mean this the smokehouse and the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well uh uh there was a what we called outhouse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay? Interviewer: Any other name 461: #1 You want the truth don't you? # Interviewer: #2 for that? # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh-huh did you ever have any other names for #1 the outhouse? # 461: #2 Well I've heard # privies and everything but you want the word that we used. Interviewer: Uh-huh or any words that you 461: #1 Outhouse, privy # Interviewer: #2 you've heard. # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 461: But outhouse is what we #1 know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 461: Well now what we did here in the smokehouse see we would raise hogs and kill them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And uh cure the meat by putting salt on it. After we killed it salt it real good and let it lay out on the ground. See we'd kill hogs in the cold weather you had to on account that the meat would spoil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You had to do it in dead winter. Uh either when the weather was cold. You'd kill these hogs scrape them and dress them and everything down near this branch right here see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Where the water would be available and then uh cut the hogs up in small pieces and then finally get them back up here and salt it lay it out on pine tops. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: What we call pine tops is these pine trees now break them off and lay them down on the ground and lay this meat out when you'd salt it real good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Let it lay out I don't know one night I think and then you'd take it and pack it in a big old barrel. Somebody that knows how to cure it now I don't I don't know the art of that see I was young and I've never really did this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh but after so many days you'd take it out of that salt that barrel out of the barrel and hang it up on poles inside of this house and put oak wood and start a smoke under it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And smoke it so many days Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: until it was cured and that meat would hang throughout well it wasn't it would hang the whole year if there was enough of it but we'd always eat it and there wouldn't we enough to last. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But it would go on in the summer. This meat could hang there in the summer after it was cured and still wouldn't spoil because it was cured with that salt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: So in here now we kept a number of things like oh yeah uh like uh jars of uh peas. See we didn't put them in the deep freezer and we put peas in jars you had to cook them and uh uh shell them and and put them in a jar and and then put them in the wash pot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And boil them in that glass jar. So long Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then we'd set some in the smokehouse you see on the shelves and stuff that went down here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then inside this kitchen like where we kept uh small canned goods that we'd get ahold of every now and then like bags of beans and uh uh little cans of pet milk and stuff like that I'm talking about little old goods like that. Well there'd be a little old cabinet or something here that we'd stick it in but we didn't have a room off to the side as far as storage other than the smokehouse right here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about um 461: That's where it gots i- got it's name. See smokehouse is where we'd smoke that meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um the top part the covering on the the top of the house you'd call that the? {NW} 461: Well we call it uh we call it the roof. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you know there's a 461: But then now the top of that was made out of a uh well uh if the top of the house was caught on fire and say that the top of the house caught on fire well uh it was out of a board. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They were bursted in in out of uh cypress board. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What um of course they wouldn't of had this then but now a days you might have something along the edge of the roof to carry the water off? 461: I don't think we had that. Interviewer: Do you have that on on your house now? 461: Now you talking about uh uh the uh what uh the gutter out there? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We didn't have that. I don't have it here. Interviewer: What's the gutter exactly is that built on or does it built in or does it hang on there or? 461: Um you talking about on any house? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I think I've seen them both ways. Sometimes it's built on the edge and then sometimes it's uh it's not connected on to the edge of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I just don't know I've had no experience with gutters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about when you have a house at an L? You know on that low place in the roof where they come together. Do you know what that's called? 461: No I don't think so. Interviewer: And um say if you had a lot of old worthless things that you were gonna throw out you say you know that's not good anymore that's just? 461: You know what I what we call it then? Interviewer: What? 461: We call it junk then. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: But now then we call it antiques. {NW} Here's something I want to show you. {NS} See {NS} I'm crazy about these now this is ox yoke. Interviewer: Huh 461: See here's one here this small one here my daddy made that. You you put that on ox's neck you know how it is with a cart? Interviewer: Uh huh 461: And put these things through that ring and he would pull that cart. One ox would do that see on it this is a single yoke. Interviewer: Huh 461: And here's a double yoke. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: Now what's missing is that piece of wood that's been in the bow the bows see there was two one went in here and one over here but they're missing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And it would uh two oxen would pull this you see? Interviewer: Hmm 461: Now this is what we called a ox yoke back then and they they would keep care of things they wouldn't throw anything away like this. See they had to have this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But something that they didn't need was junk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Like an old sewing machine? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: when it got to where it wasn't any good it was junk. Interviewer: Uh huh {NW} Where would you keep the junk if if you didn't throw it out? #1 Say um # 461: #2 we keep it in this # uh okay well like old plow tools anything that was out of iron or steel see we'd just pile it up in the corner somewhere. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And save it because the junk man would be by. We'd save a little junk out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And uh the rest of this stuff that we would consider junk we'd either put it around in the smokehouse now you had to be careful with what items you put in that smokehouse because that salt would rust any kind of metal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But if you had say something like a ox yoke out of wood that you might need and uh well you might can s- you know how people they're gonna keep a little bit even though it junk they still let it lay around I guess. Interviewer: #1 But um # 461: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # they'd put it in that smokehouse or around in the barn. Most of the time they very little bit of stuff that was actually throwed away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you have a special building though something called a junk room or plunder room? 461: No no we don't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um tell me about the the work that a woman would have to do you say if the house were all messy she'd say she'd have to? 461: Clean up the house. Interviewer: Okay and what people would sweep with you'd call that a? 461: We call it a broom. Interviewer: And say if the if the broom was in a corner and the door was open so that the door was sort of hiding the broom you'd say that the broom was? Where? 461: In uh in the door jamb? Interviewer: Well yeah with the the door's open so you the door's sort of hiding the broom you'd say the broom was? 461: Well what we do is say uh uh Interviewer: In relation to the door the broom was? 461: Well I we'd always say look behind the door. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um say if you you mentioned um the steps you'd have from a porch to the ground to the porch. What if you had a two story house to get from the first floor to the second floor you'd have a? Would you call those steps if you were inside the house? 461: Yeah Interviewer: So steps 461: We wouldn't say uh uh stairs is what you're talking about? Interviewer: Is wh-which would you call it? 461: We'd call it steps. Interviewer: #1 Inside? # 461: #2 {X} # Yeah that's like it is on this house I showed you awhile ago. We either had the front steps or back steps to the big house or the kitchen. We knew what we was talking about. We always referred to it as steps. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what what about on a two story house though? 461: I'd consider it the same way. I never had any experience but anytime I look at it now it's steps. Interviewer: Uh huh and um you say years ago on Monday woman usually did the? 461: Washing. Interviewer: And on Tuesday? 461: I'd say ironing. Interviewer: Okay is there any um anything you might call both washing and ironing together any one word you'd use for that? 461: Well uh now I tell you what they would do they say I got to do my washing and ironing. Now that was one of the first things that they would do on the weekends. You could go somebody would come to visit but I could hear the conversation. Well you'd hear the ladies talk says I I tomorrow I'm gonna have to do my washing and ironing first before they do anything. Say let's go fishing during the week I just use that for an example. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I've got to do my washing and ironing but you can't do that in one day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It'd take all day to wash because they had to boil the clothes in this wash pot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They had to take them out and scrub them and hang them on the line and let them dry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then it was always uh with us now it was a two day affair or more. Because uh the lady wouldn't just get in when she got up on the bed out of the bed on Tuesday morning and just iron all day. Although they would spend a lot of time hours at a time ironing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But there may be a few pieces that uh had would have to have special care like different types of materials. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh you'd have to starch them. You see what they'd do they put them in this starch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and then they would have to dry. You'd have what you call your rough dry clothes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That's where they didn't need any starch. And then you'd have your starch clothes see there was two irons really. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what um now a days say a bachelor if he sent his shirts into town to get them cleaned you'd send them in to a? 461: Into a laundry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you how do you use that word laundry? Do you ever use laundry instead of washing and ironing? 461: Yeah no no I didn't know what a laundry was I picked this up after I you know got out and knew that there was such things as laundry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now then we take our clothes to the laundry. We don't take them to have them washed and dried. I mean ironed. But then it was either washing and iron ironing we didn't know what laundry was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm um talking about porches again for a minute um did you ever hear of any different kinds of porches besides the um the one you mentioned with P? 461: Piazza. Interviewer: Piazza 461: and well I don't think so right now. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of um say a porch that went around more than one side of the house did you ever hear that called anything special? 461: No. Interviewer: Okay um and if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd tell someone to? 461: Shut it. Interviewer: Huh? 461: Shut the door. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um 461: Not close it but shut it then. Interviewer: What would you say now? 461: Close the door. Interviewer: Uh huh and you know sometimes on houses you'd have these boards that would lap over each other like this. 461: Yeah Interviewer: But on the outside of the house do you remember what that's called? 461: Weather board? Interviewer: Mm-kay um and say if you were um if you had 461: But we never did have any of the lap boarding. Interviewer: What did you? 461: Well that's what I'm talking about I know that uh the design of this these buildings here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: the boards always run up and down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: see they didn't lap like youse talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay then when the board was put side to side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and over the years as they dried out then it would leave a big crack. Now then they used to come some of them did and then on certain parts of that house that I was raised in had it. Uh but some didn't they might've did when they first built the house but you see when it left that crack, and they would do it when they first built the house they would come with a small strip about that wide Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: on the outside and cover that crack up and nail it with smaller nails over that crack. #1 You see? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 461: Because it would it would leave cracks you could stick your hand through sometimes. You could see out. Interviewer: I bet that got cold. 461: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Say if if you were gonna hang up a picture or something you'd say I took the hammer and I what the nail in to the wall? 461: {D: Club} Interviewer: And you say um if it didn't get in far enough you'd say it's gotta be what in further? 461: It's gotta be drove further in. Interviewer: Okay and um you say I pick up the hammer and I what the nail in? 461: What's that again now? Interviewer: You say I pick up the hammer and I what the nail in? 461: Drove it in? Interviewer: Or I will pick I will what the nail in? 461: Drive it in. Interviewer: Okay and um what different you mention you had the barn um where did you keep the corn? #1 Did you have a special place? # 461: #2 We had a crib. # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Was that a special part of the barn or what? 461: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What does your barn look like? 461: Uh you want me to draw it? Interviewer: No just just sorta tell me about. 461: Okay well now you had uh you had a big shed and cover like this out here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And under the underneath you had a room built off just like I got it out here now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You had four sides to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You put corn in that see alright that's the crib. Okay uh now underneath it where you'd keep your live stock out of the weather well you got stalls. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But the crib is that place that you kept your corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Where did you keep the hay? 461: In the loft L-O-F-T Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever of um 461: Hay loft. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what if you didn't what if you had too much hay to to put up in the loft did did you ever leave it outside? Did you ever see a way of keeping it #1 outside? # 461: #2 Yeah # I've seen hay stack. Interviewer: Uh huh anything else? 461: No I my my here's my here's my pasture now but that's uh basically what we use is a hay stack. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about um you know when you first cut the hay course now they they bale hay but it used to when when you first cut it and you let it dry and you'd rake it up in these little piles and then you know take a pitch fork and you know stack it or something. Did you have a name for those little piles that you'd rake up? 461: Uh I don't think so. Now here's something here that might be helpful. You're talking about somebody that was raised on a small farm and not on a big farm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh but what we did when we started talking about hay we had uh very little bit of what we call hay today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But now we used to plant corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then at the certain time after the corn's year had made I mean as much as it was going to make seeming we'd get out and pull that blade off that corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Strip that stock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then okay take it and then bundle it up in your arm and then take one of the blades and wrap around it and tie it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That's what we'd call fodder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then we'd stack that uh and let it dry further dry and then take it and then go put it in the barn in certain places but uh basically speaking we uh cultivated more fodder than we did hay. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um you mentioned that you you had um wha- wha- you mentioned the shed what what was the shed exactly? What did you keep in the shed? 461: Uh like wagons Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: plow tools Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and uh and when I said a shed I'm talking about that area that is a cover for something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And underneath it you'd keep like wagons or plow tools and so on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm did you ever have a special place for keeping wood? 461: No we kept ours on the back porch is all we we talk about wood pile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm You never had wood house or wood shed or? What about um a place well now days where you'd turn your cows out to graze you'd call that a? 461: Uh all right now you see here again I'm telling you what I knew Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and my experiences. Then we didn't have a pasture Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: we had open range. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And uh the the few cows that we had we either had them in the field and what I'm talking about now we have you turned the cows in the field yet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That was in the area that we had cultivated. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 461: #2 See it was # the corn had been gathered Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and then have you turned the cows in the field? Okay we put them in the field that's where we'd cultivate it but up to that time we had turned them in the woods. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That was out on open range. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What if you wanted to um make a uh piece of land um real fertile did you you might fence it it in and put the cows in there. 461: That's right. Interviewer: What what was that called? 461: Manure. Interviewer: And what what was the um the fenced in place called? 461: Cow pen Now we now let me tell you what {X} We didn't do that now what we did we had what we call a cow pen. See these cows was in the open range and they were still uh gentle enough that when they come up they knew where they go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They went into this what we called a cow pen it was a a large area that was fenced off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But as far as to make the ground fertile it wasn't primarily for that it was just a place to contain these cattle. But then there'd be certain times that we would fence off a smaller portion of this and put a garden. You see what I mean? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 461: #2 Because # we knew it much fertile. Interviewer: What would you um say if you planted a big area maybe corn you'd call that a field but what if you had a smaller? 461: Patch Interviewer: A what what would grow in a patch now? 461: Peas Interviewer: A piece? 461: Peas. Interviewer: Peas 461: and uh say cotton. Now listen you talk to a smaller farmer here now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay now all right we had I don't even re-remember now how many acres was in. See my grandmother and my aunt and and and myself Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: well okay we we couldn't farm you see this but we had an uncle my uh mother's brother well he lived over on this same property. See I'm talking about a hundred and something acres I think. Well he lived over and he would farm this land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and my grandmother she was working and she would furnish the guano and the seed and so on and he would fur- he would do all the plowing and then he would give her uh meal and and uh meat when the hogs was killed. So he was actually providing food in a way for two families his and ours there for a time see? Interviewer: You say she would furnish the what? 461: The we called it guano then we didn't call it fertilizer. Interviewer: U- 461: Guano G- G-U-A-N-O? Guano. Interviewer: Never heard that word. 461: Yeah that's uh just like today. You buy fertilizer in the bag. They used to call it guano and it was on the bag. G- G-U-A-N-O. I I bets it's in uh encyclopedia now. It was a commercial fertilizer. Interviewer: Uh huh What did you call the sacks that it would come in? 461: The sack that it'd come in? Interviewer: Uh huh 461: Guano sack. And that's what they'd make shirts out of along then. They had it was out of cloth. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: And yeah you might of heard this uh this old farm boy says uh what size shirt you wearing? He says I don't know. I think it's {D: fourteen sacks} {NW} But along then the sacks would have it was uh made out of cloth. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: And uh it was guano. Interviewer: Was that that rough? 461: Now listen I've got a I've got uh uh plow here I want to go out in a minute and just show you some of these things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's what we call a guano knocker. You'd put this uh guano in a hopper and it would you know beep-p-p-p-p- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well they call it guano eh uh fertilizer strip just now as a modern word. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh fertilizer strip it with the strip uh gua- uh fertilizer. Well then it was guano. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what was this that rough cloth now? That rough brown cloth? 461: No that's burlap or either uh wait I didn't we didn't call it burlap we called it corn sack. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: Now we always called that a corn sack but it's a burlap bag now. Interviewer: Uh huh what about croa- 461: Croaker sack? yeah but now listen uh I didn't know I I've heard that word but I don't think I heard it back in my younger days. I knew it as a corn sack. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 461: #2 And I don't know # how it got its word really corn because there's a number of things that could be in these particular sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: At that time but I knew it and when they said a corn sack I knew what to go pick up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now then if you tell me to go get a croaker sack, a burlap bag, or corn sack well really corn sack now uh right now speaking about if I told my boy to go get a corn sack they might go get it but I I believe if I told them to go get a croaker or burlap bag they would go pick up a corn sack. Interviewer: But this gu- guano 461: Guano? Interviewer: sack was was something different it was 461: Yeah it was different. It was uh {NS} it was a smoother cloth. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: And still it didn't have a finished like uh you you know what I'm talking I don't what I'm talking about but anyways it was uh Interviewer: What color was it? 461: Um white. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: and it spelt guano and then it had the uh analysis on the back four percent {D: five} and ten Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and so on just like the uh paper bags that's got the date Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but it was out of a cloth bag. Interviewer: What did flour used to come in? #1 If you didn't # 461: #2 Uh it'd # come in uh uh same uh it would come in a uh cloth sack too. But it was smoother material than this guano. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now those flour sacks was a real uh fine material I mean as a piece of cloth is concerned. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then they were different designs or they'd make pillow cases out of or either some people make dresses or shirts Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: out of sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Feed sacks were the same way. Interviewer: #1 Feed? # 461: #2 Cow feed # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: when you bought it. Interviewer: Um you said you had you had hogs um where did you keep them if you wanted to if you did have a fenced in place? 461: That was a hog pen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It wasn't no question about that hog pen And then we had what they call a hog trough. That's where they'd eat. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: T- R-O-U-G-H Interviewer: Say if you were talking about several of those you'd say you had several? 461: Head of hogs. Interviewer: Or several hog to feed them in you'd say you had three or four 461: Hog troughs Interviewer: Okay and um a place now a days where where you'd um they have a a farm where they'd have a lot of milk cows and they'd sell the the cow they'd sell the milk and and butter. You'd call that farm a? 461: Call that farm. Interviewer: Well what what would you call the big sort of commercial um milk farm? #1 You'd call that a? # 461: #2 Dairy # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Okay did and where did you used to keep milk and butter before you had refrigerators? 461: Uh we'd keep it again in the safe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That's the only thing that we had to keep food in we didn't have no refrigerator. Uh no deep freezers. No now the only way that we had ice teller would come buy on the ice truck Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and we'd take it and sometimes if we had a box and then we'd take these burlap bags or corn sacks that I was talking about cover these blocks of ice up Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 461: #2 to preserve it # keep it from melting. And then another thing that we did we'd dig a hole in this smokehouse Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: dig a hole and build a box and put that ice in that and cover it. Then you'd go out and chip it off and wash it off when we're gonna use it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh but as far as milk we didn't have any butter. The only butter we'd had that we'd buy it at the store. And we'd use it uh {X} so fast that we wouldn't have any problem with it. This is just like milk. Now the cows that we had we had what we'd call the Piney woods cows. Interviewer: Piney woods cows? 461: Yeah It's not uh like a Holstein or Guernsey now this is your milk type cows. See we didn't have this purebred stuff. And we had what we'd call the Piney woods that was cows that would graze out in the piney woods you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Just run at large out there I mean really uh made their uh got all their food out in the woods. We didn't feed these cows in the winter. They had to survive in the woods on their own. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or maybe they'd get a little bit when they'd come and milk them we'd have one that would have a calf you see then we'd feed her a little bit of the milk but we wasn't getting much milk and we didn't have to worry too much about preserving the milk you see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They didn't per- produce gallons of milk just very little bit of milk and we was able to use it without Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: just um {X} we'd get just very little just enough for a meal or two. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Where did you keep um potatoes and turnips in the winter? 461: In the garden now I don't know when when youse talking about turnips we would go get them right out of the garden and use them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now potatoes see we'd dig them and spread them in a dry place that would either be we could uh put them on a paper a flat area in the smokehouse Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: where it'll be dry. Lot of times we'd keep them under the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a a dairy it's being anything besides its um commercial farm? 461: No no uh I don't think so because I had no association with a dairy when I was coming up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: There was none in the area and I knew very little bit about the dairy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um a fenced in place around the barn where the animals could walk around? 461: Lot. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um tell me about raising cotton um when you get out there and you you thin the cotton out you call that? 461: Chopping cotton Interviewer: And uh what do you call the kind of grass that grows up in the cotton field? 461: Well we had uh we had weeds and uh we'd call it and then we had a number uh different kind of of weeds. I don't know what you talking about we had a what we call a coffeeweed and we had a what we called crabgrass and uh Bermuda grass and stuff this way. The weeds that grew up in it I I don't know about that. We had a like I said different types of weeds Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 461: #2 and # grass that we had to control. Now we didn't uh farm the big way on this cotton either very small patch. This is what I was talking about awhile ago when we said that a small area was a patch. If uh now for like corn we had a number of acres of corn planted but if you wanted to get out here and plant just two or three acres of cotton or either just a smaller uh plot of peas you know field peas that we eat. Uh this was a patch. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 461: #2 And # then there was another place that we called a garden. This was not a patch it was a garden. But if you had just one thing planted here in a small area well that was a patch of peas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm A garden you had several things #1 planted? # 461: #2 That's right # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: What um different types of fences did people used to have? 461: Fences? Interviewer: Uh huh 461: They had rail. Interviewer: Were there different kinds of rail fences? 461: No as far as I I knew it was just a what we called a split rail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I mean it was a split rail fence. And they would have what we called a picket fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What did # 461: #2 You'd heard of that? # Interviewer: What did that look like? 461: We had what you called the split rail fence. And then we had uh the regular hog wire fence. This was wide just like this here. We called that hog wire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Some people calls it the web wire. Now I mean I know it as well it's still hog wire and web wire I guess. But then we had what we call a picket fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: This was a board it was about this wide. Interviewer: About three to four inches? 461: Right three to four inches that was split out of different types of wood. Either pine wood or cypress wood mostly cypress. And we had two strands of wire it was just a slick wire. On top and we you twist it and put this thick board down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: through the top and then down through the bottom and then you twist that wire and then put another one see there was twist and it stood stood uh vertical see. Now you it it took some time and labor to build a fence a long time ago. Getting all you rails and now these picket #1 fences. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # was the picket pointed up at the top or? 461: Uh some but uh around the yards they would do this to make it look uh you know a little bit better but in the {D: On 95th that's a graveyard} They if they had any uh design at all on top it was just a coincidence they didn't try to finish it off at the top because it would take too much time and really not that much you see. Interviewer: What about um something about um fence made out of wood but it's nailed together instead of um woven? Instead of up against our {D:light}. 461: I don't know Interviewer: Do you ever see black fence or {X} fence. 461: I've seen it. Interviewer: What? Would you say that out loud? 461: {X} Interviewer: And what about a fence that they have now um well you've got out there you've got dreads of this kind of wire. So it'll it kept your 461: Barbed wire? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: We didn't call it barbed we called it bobs uh it's barb B-A-R-B but we called it B-O-B. Bob wire. Interviewer: Uh-huh if you're gonna set up a barbed wire fence say you have to dig holes for the? 461: Posts. Interviewer: and uh if what would you call the {X} you you'd have to nail the the 461: Staple. Interviewer: Yeah you'd have to nail the the wire to the? 461: Post. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um talking about several of them you say you would need several? 461: Posts. Interviewer: Okay did you ever see a fence or wall made out of loose rock or stone? 461: I've seen it but we I never had any uh experience with it. Interviewer: What would you call it? 461: I don't know just what you'd call it. I've talked to uh {X} but one that's got a name I I just don't have any experience with that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now before the use of reconstruction we called it Interviewer: And um you ought to make a hen start laying what might you put in her nest to cool her? 461: What is that? Interviewer: If you want to make a hen start laying what might you put in her nest to cool her? 461: I never have tried. Interviewer: Did you ever see putting sort of artificial egg in 461: No. Interviewer: You haven't heard of a china egg or anything like that? What did you use to um carry water in? 461: Jug bucket Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Not a pail. Interviewer: What's the difference between a bucket and a pail? 461: None at all. Interviewer: Which which did you usually call it? 461: I always called it bucket. Interviewer: Uh-huh What did you milk in? 461: Bucket. Interviewer: And um something that you might have in in the kitchen to put scraps and dish water for the hog slop? 461: Oh uh slop bucket. Interviewer: Mm-kay And so what did you use to cook in? 461: Uh pots? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: skillets Interviewer: Did you ever see something with little legs on it? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember what they call it? 461: I don't remember what they call it. I wish I never had any excuse for cooking on one of those. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I know what you're talking about but I don't {X} Interviewer: What is a skillet? 461: Was a it was made out of the the thicker material Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: that we'd bake the corns on in. {X} Or either fry would deep fry on top the stove this was a skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Where you put peas in water with a lid on that's a pot. Now then uh there was two kinds of that you had what you call this uh oaks {X} pot we called it. It was uh made out of the same type of material as a skillet but it had a lid on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And it boiled stuff and see it was still a pot but it was skillets {X} I'd say where you'd bake uh where you put next to a real hot fire open. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: {X} Interviewer: Is a skillet what you'd use now? What you call the thing you use now? 461: I I call it I still call it skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever hear of 461: Or frying pan so uh I I I use maybe if we used uh uh probably back in those days uh I imagine the more common we used more of the both of um you probably sound like probably uh just uh oh uh frying pan pan excuse me. Jackie? AUX1: {X} 461: go into the shed barn door close you out go see the horses eat the feed. AUX1: What? 461: Go close the barn door. I forgot about it there's horses in there eating the feed. AUX1: {D: What you mean?} 461: Yeah I was cleaning the barn out Interviewer: They can kill themselves with all that. 461: What's that? Interviewer: Horses can kill themselves with all that feed choking. Did you ever hear of something called a spider? 461: Spider? Interviewer: Mm-hmm What was that? I mean as a as a cooking. Not the skillet but. 461: Yeah I've heard of that. I I don't know I didn't hear enough about it to uh associate it with myself. But I have heard that word. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 461: #2 {X} # Interviewer: different {X} Um say if you were setting the table you next to each plate you give everyone a to eat with you give everyone a? 461: Fork and spoon. Interviewer: Or a fork and spoon and a? 461: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh and 461: We didn't use I'm gonna tell you Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: uh now we would uh well nowadays we'd be able to set it. I guess you'd call it. Everything {X} Uh when I was coming up well you'd put a fork and spoon and the knife it very uncommon so that's why the way I was raised if you had a fork and spoon it was it was a setting if you had a fork and a spoon. Interviewer: But now days uh if you were serving steak and it wasn't very tender you'd have to put out steak? 461: Knives. Interviewer: And um say if the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to? 461: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: And um say after she washes the dishes then she what through water? 461: Rinses. Interviewer: #1 And # 461: #2 Now we had # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Uh now I had learned the word rinsed W-R-E-N-C-E them in the water Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {X} Interviewer: #1 How did people used to say it? # 461: #2 Wrence. # W-R-E-N-C-E Interviewer: Uh-huh and um the proper rag you'd use if you're washing dishes? 461: Dish rag Interviewer: And to dry them? 461: {X} Interviewer: And um the little cloth you use to bathe your face with? 461: Wash rag. Interviewer: And to dry yourself? 461: Towel Interviewer: And um you mentioned um that you used to have a um uh to turn on the water at the sink you turn on the {NW} And uh 461: Nowadays you talking about what I do now? Now like I said then we didn't have those uh Interviewer: Uh-huh nowadays the stuff that what about something in the garden that you could hook the hose up to? 461: Spicket. Interviewer: Okay and um say um a water barrel what what would you call a {X}? 461: I don't know just what I'd say that was unless Interviewer: Do you know what 461: Knob Interviewer: Uh-huh do you know a name for something you you could turn? I was wondering if you call that a spicket or 461: Yeah yeah or a water cooler sometimes. Interviewer: {X} your spicket to it? 461: Right Interviewer: And um you check a {X} a stand of lard. 461: Lard? Interviewer: Or a stand of anything? 461: Oh yeah yeah. Okay now that's just like when I plant my turnips or corn. It don't matter what it is. If you plant some seed and they come up somebody walked down and looked and said I didn't get a very good stand or either I got a good stand determine on the amount of plant that the seed uh germinated to come up is a stand. But now lard I never hear a stand of lard. Interviewer: You never heard of a stand in place of a container? 461: Oh uh well Interviewer: And um say if you wanted to pour something like water into a narrow mouth container you'd pour it through a? 461: Uh funnel. Interviewer: Okay and um if you cut some flowers and you were gonna keep it in the house you'd put them in a? 461: Put some flowers bouquet. Interviewer: What what would you put them in the container? You call that? 461: Now I'm gonna tell you what we do now now I know that we put them in a flower pot. But this is Interviewer: Did you call it a pot if if they were cut flowers? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Mm-kay what about another word for that? 461: Jar? Interviewer: Or it starts with a V? 461: Vase? Interviewer: Do do you use that? 461: But I never say it that way. Now I would think maybe my wife would but I would probably the jar {X} And I'll tell you what cause long time ago we did that see we used to cut some flowers and we'd have bouquets like through the day. But we didn't have a vase then we'd have to go get an old fruit jar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Put them in a jar. And nowadays I'm just associating with we gonna cut some flowers and you need to get a jar to put them in. {NW} Interviewer: And um did people ever raise cane around here? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What did they raise it for? 461: Syrup. Interviewer: Did you did you ever see that made? 461: Yes. Right up the road here. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: The fellow be making some might even be making it now. Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Yeah It won't be long they get the big cane patch right over there. Interviewer: How did they how did they make the syrup? 461: Oh a long time ago see they used to have these cane mills. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And a mule would pull it around somehow horse and then one fellow had an old car he'd pull his around with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But #1 generally # Interviewer: #2 He had an old car? # 461: He he did {X} but he pulled it with an old car. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: But pull it with a mule or horse. And they'd get the cane juice and boil it you know just how the over heat. Interviewer: What would they boil it in? 461: Uh certain kettle kettle. We we didn't call it kettle we called it a kettle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 461: It was a certain kettle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It's a big uh pan looking thing you know I'm I'm just saying this to maybe you may know what it's a certain kettle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And they would boil it in a particular got a certain people's style. No, but I don't know anything about art of cane making. Much about it but generally speaking I got the idea. Interviewer: What about um something similar to syrup? Or maybe it's just another name for syrup? 461: Molasses. Interviewer: Now what's the difference? 461: I don't know. Uh I've heard very few times now the common name and it was uh what we used all the time was syrup. But I did hear the word molasses inserted and used back in those days sometimes uh But we never did pay any attention {X} but the co-common name for it was syrup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Cane syrup. Interviewer: Did you ever of the expression long sweetening and short sweet? And um say if you were driving horses and wanted to go faster you'd hit them with a? 461: Uh you wanted one to go faster? Interviewer: Mm-hmm You might hit them with a? 461: Well a whip. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about oxen would you use the whip on them? And um say if the if the lamp on the porch light was burning you might screw in the new? 461: Bulb Interviewer: Uh-huh there was a full name for that would be? 461: What is that? Interviewer: Or the full whole name for that 461: #1 Light bulb # Interviewer: #2 But what kind of # Huh? 461: Screw in the new light bulb. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um something that um say if you take corn to the mill to be ground um would you have any expression referring to the amount of corn that you take at one time? 461: Yes like a bushel or a peck. Interviewer: Uh-huh but say something um do you ever get an expression turn of corn 461: A ton. Interviewer: A turn T-U-R-N 461: No uh but I have heard that expression used now. When you said turn that means that that you have about as much as you could carry it was your uh well the capacity you could carry. Uh I had a turn of wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Like I used to uh have to uh carry uh this stove wood from the wood pile to what we kept near the stove. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: My grandma would say go get me a turn of wood well I knew what she meant was to go get as much as I could carry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any 461: that was like T-U-R-N. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 461: #2 {X} # Interviewer: any other way that expression is used turn? 461: Uh she said tote we'd say tote. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Could you tote that some? That means could I carry it. Interviewer: Uh-huh When you talk about tote do you get that idea that your arms have to be around it? #1 or # 461: #2 right # right Interviewer: You wouldn't talk about toting a briefcase 461: Uh Interviewer: or something with a handle. 461: Seem like it'd have to be something this way. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um 461: And turn would be the same way I would think yeah. Interviewer: A turn of something would be 461: You'd have to have it this way. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {X} to carry that would be load. Interviewer: If you just got it on your shoulder that would be a load? 461: That's right. Interviewer: And um if someone didn't have a a full load of of wood on his wagon you'd say he just had a? 461: Piece. Interviewer: Okay and um when you carry the wash out to hang it on the line you might carry it out in a? Clothes? 461: Well we had a basket. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um this is something that um what runs around a barrel that holds the {X} 461: {D: hooks} Interviewer: Mm-kay and this is something like a barrel only a little bit smaller. 461: Keg Interviewer: And um 461: Now that's what I was talking about awhile ago. Interviewer: Is it gum? 461: Yeah. Now the word gum was used I would say now listen maybe this is what it was. And and I detected that a gum was something that was made out of a log now. You see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Whereas a keg was an art- I mean was uh uh commercially made Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well I won't say commercially but it was something that was made uh by pieces of stuff. Whereas a a gum G-U-M Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: a tobacco gum was a just a hollow log cut off two or three feet and boxed at one end well that press to be put on that's how you press tobacco. Interviewer: Mm-hmm So a gum and a keg were about the same size? 461: Uh a gum and a keg? Interviewer: The gum 461: No {X} a keg was just a small barrel really but a gum was all together different. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um if you open the bottom and then you wanted to close it back up so the liquid wouldn't spill out you'd stick uh? 461: Well now I'll tell you what we would stopper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What would that be made out of? 461: Usually cork. Interviewer: And uh 461: Uh in in in most cases no uh you talking about the other kind {D: that I was cutting up?} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Or if there's been any difference you know 461: Oh well now listen there was a about as common maybe cork was common but uh wood was common like the way you make stoppers out of wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Then you had then you had corn cobs to make stoppers. Interviewer: Corn cobs to make stoppers? 461: Kerosene You know they used to have to carry kerosene to the woods to put on his saw when his saw's about to be uh across that saw Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They'd have to take kerosene to put on that saw to keep that gum that turpentine from gumming it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But I have here I have seen corn cobs used as stoppers and wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And cork Interviewer: And so 461: Probably cork was the most common. Interviewer: Something that you used to pound nails 461: Uh we talking we're not talking about a mallet. Interviewer: Not the thing that I'm Um this is a musical instrument that you blow like this? 461: Harp. Interviewer: Any other names for that? What about something that would 461: I heard about that's a that's a Jew's harp. Now listen that we know I I knew that and I thought that's what it was was a juice J-U-I-C-E. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: A juice harp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: but uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: but uh That's how a what I know a Jew's harp. Interviewer: And um talk about the wagon. You have a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses? 461: Turn. Interviewer: And if you have a horse with a buggy you'd you'd back the horse between the? 461: Shafts. Interviewer: And um talk about the parts of the wagon wheel start with the inside you'll have the hub and the spokes would come out and they'll fit into the? 461: Um ring? Interviewer: Mm-hmm was that is that the wooden part now? 461: No I don't know I can't recall that right now. I the rim is that metal on the outside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But that piece of wood right now I can't recall. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of felly or feller? 461: What? Interviewer: Felly or feller? 461: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and um the thing that the wheels fit into? That goes um across 461: The axle. Interviewer: And um if you have a horse hitched to a wagon you traces come back and hook on to the? 461: Singletree. Interviewer: And if you have two horses? 461: I don't know why but different people pronounce things differently like the T's uh okay uh the S's you know used to they used to pronounce {X} it wasn't picture it was picture Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: picture instead of but now getting back to that singletree Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I know now it's just a singletree Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but then I thought it was a swingletree. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Uh and uh I don't know but uh for years I'd say they hook it to the swingletree. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about um if you had two singletrees? Then you a two horses that each one had a singletree then you'd also have a? 461: I don't know what that's Interviewer: Did you ever hear double? 461: Doubletrees? Interviewer: Uh-huh what what is there 461: well we never did have a double team but I'm sure that's what it would be. Because that work it'd be you'd have to associate that and use it with them a double team and we never did have that. We always had single teams. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um say if a man had a load of wood in his wagon he was driving along you'd say that he was? 461: A man had a load of wood in his wagon? Interviewer: Well would you say is drawing or carting or hauling the wood? 461: Hauling. Interviewer: Okay and um say if there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a chain to it and I? What it out of the way? 461: Drug it out. Interviewer: And you say we have what with these logs out of the road? 461: Drug? Interviewer: Or you'd say um you have to tie a chain around #1 them in order # 461: #2 Now then # we we I would say that we drug Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {X} the logs out of the road Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is there any difference in what you say now or? 461: Oh yeah. I say we dragged it. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Now but uh I I didn't say we drug uh I I wouldn't tell anybody now that I drug a tree out of the road now. Interviewer: You'd say we? 461: I dragged Interviewer: What about if say I have? {NW} Huh? 461: I have Interviewer: What would you say now? I have 461: Dragged Interviewer: Uh-huh and you say you have to? 461: I know now that if we drug a tree I drug it as much as {X} Interviewer: {NW} 461: But then I know so we did we we used the the uh drug many a tree out the road. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I saw well he drug a tree out of the road. I drug a tree out of the road. Interviewer: Uh-huh Or you might say you have to tie a chain around it in order to? 461: Get it out. Interviewer: And um you mentioned uh um some plow could you tell me the different about the different types of plows that you had. 461: We got the steel beam. It was a turning plow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But then well I didn't know that was a term I used steel beam. You know I knew I knew what kind of work it would do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We had a what we call a joe harrow. It had teeth with harrow then we had uh {D: flams} Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: and a few animals. {X} Interviewer: Was there um different types of {X} {NS} 461: The only thing I know of was the {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: one type of plow I got one of them. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of anything called a go devil? {X} And uh say if you wanted to to chop a log up you might put it in a frame a maybe an egg-shaped frame? 461: {X} or used and I know what's not if you have some words that are associated with that I'll tell you. Interviewer: Well something like rag to {X} 461: Yeah Interviewer: Was that is that the egg-shaped? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What about the H H-frame roof ? Would you did you need two of them and you could lay a board across 461: I don't I don't know what we used on that. {X} I would say a A frame. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 461: Any type with uh whether it was metal or wood I mean the shape that way is just A-frame. {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh And say you you screw in your chair using a cone and a or I would use a cone and a? 461: Brush Interviewer: And probably say use that out there for the? 461: Brush. Interviewer: And um you sharpen a straight blade on a leather? 461: Leather that's the strap. But back then it was strap. Interviewer: What about um something that they put in a pistol? 461: Most of the time then it was a shell. You got a shell for this pistol {X} shell. Now though it's a bullet. {X} Bullet uh back then most confident I guess it was maybe young boys but all the words that I'd use when they want are gun shells. You know that's a that's a that's a gun shell. They're associated with pistols of any kind. Interviewer: Mm 461: But shell. Interviewer: Something that that children would play like you take a board and play the carpet shuffle and they throw it on the ground 461: It's Interviewer: Any old fashioned name for that? It can stop and control the flame all day say that they? 461: I I I'll tell you it's it's Interviewer: Okay and um you ever see something that you take the board and anchor it in the middle and then 461: We would call it a {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay And um what about something you tie a a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a? 461: A swing? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um did you ever see taking a board and fixing it down at both ends and the children would jump on it? 461: Yeah that's uh we called it a jump board and I think it's jumping jack or something. Is that where one kid would jump here and one here on uh would be laying across a log? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's a jump board. Interviewer: And um something you could be used to carry coal in would be called a? You know what runs from the stove to the chimney? What you'd call that? 461: The flue? Interviewer: Well from the kitchen to the stove. 461: Stove pipe? Interviewer: Okay and this is something that you can use to um to carry rakes or something heavy and it's got one wheel in the front? 461: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Huh? 461: Wheelbarrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm is that 461: #1 Listen. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 461: Back there back when I was coming up or that was wheel barrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: B-O-H Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: R-O-W Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And that's how I pronounced it. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And uh now when I watch it I know that that's not right Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: it's a wheelbarrow. Back then oh I I was to learn it was barrow. We learned barrow. B-O-R-O-W Interviewer: Uh-huh what about the um harrow? What did you? Would it be? 461: {D: Jo parow} {X} R-O-W Interviewer: Um and something that you could use to sharpen tools on? 461: {X} Interviewer: Or something bigger than that? 461: Oh yeah wait a minute that was uh {X} rock Interviewer: What about something that you could hold in your hand? 461: To sharpen tools? Now listen I can tell you something about this. I was learned that was a whit W-H-I-T Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Whit rock? 461: Yeah but it's W-H-E-T. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Whet whet. And that's that's back those days where you has uh people that and that's an education. And I don't know but it's a just they could have look like they could have learned that it was whet just as easy as they could of whit. They changed that E to I. Interviewer: Mm-hmm So you used to call it 461: I used to call it a whit rock. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: But it was just a whet because you wet whet you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And uh let's see and like uh joe harrow when they could've learned that it was joe harrow just as well Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I don't know Interviewer: What about um you mentioned a a car um any other names for car? 461: Yeah uh well we didn't use the word automobile much. Interviewer: What did you used to call it? Just car? 461: A car. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: They was other things that would be sometimes they would come up with a slang like a jalopy something that way but got going on but car was primarily. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And say if something was squeaky to lubricate it you say you have to? 461: Grease it. Interviewer: And you say yesterday he? What his car? 461: Greased. Interviewer: And um if grease got all over your hands you say your hands were all? 461: Greasy. Interviewer: And um something if you door hinge is squeaking you might put a few drops of? 461: Grease. Interviewer: Or? 461: Oil. Interviewer: And um what did you mentioned uh kerosene did your mother make it? 461: No it might of been but Interviewer: You always called it 461: Kerosene yeah. Interviewer: And um inside the tire of the car it had the inner? 461: Tube. Interviewer: And um if someone had had just built a boat and they were going to put it in the water for the first time you'd say that they were going to what the boat? 461: Let it {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh uh that's the word I was thinking # 461: #2 Or try it out # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Uh-huh what different kinds of boats are there? 461: Boats? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh well now back when I was coming up you had just I mean you had your fishing boat. I I suppose I uh we I didn't have any uh reason to I didn't do a lot of express and work by boat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: The only thing that we did there was just some would go down to these ponds lakes and creeks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 {X} # 461: #2 Just # some boats I wouldn't I wouldn't say fishing boats. Uh well then a boat was just a boat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now then a I mean basically you've got a a skiing rig or you got a a {D:slimpet} rig and uh you got one that I mean it's just fishing out of it. People get out their pole to fish with. Back then when when we mentioned a boat well uh uh we knew what we was talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um um did you ever hear about people taking uh uh making a lasting sound maybe using tobacco. 461: I'll tell you what you talking about a flambeau? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {NW} Interviewer: How is how is that made? 461: Out of bottle a drink bottle Well see it didn't have to be a drink bottle but in our house I had a coke cola bottle or ketchup bottle. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And put kerosene in it and taken uh some cloth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and some what we think of tobacco can. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And cut a piece of it off and you wrap it around that cloth and stick it down in to hold it together and it would absorb that kerosene and you'd light it up top and it would smoke. It would just be that light on that cloth on top that cloth that you'd use. Interviewer: You'd take a tobacco? 461: Yeah you know uh like I say a uh like cuts out Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: can smoking tobacco used to come in. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And cut it piece of it and then {X} But you take a piece of cloth and you see upon that rolled it up this way and I think that piece of to- uh uh tobacco can and cut it with a knife just a strip. And wrap it around see now this would be all cloth stick it down in it. You take around the the neck of the bottle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: what would help hold that {X} bottom see. You know tobacco can't be left out the mouth at the bottom. Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} And um did everyone used to make those or? 461: No uh one I don't know. You talking bout in the community? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I don't know whether ev-everybody did or not I don't Interviewer: Can 461: I hadn't heard much talk talk about it but in fact I don't even know whether I don't remember seeing my uncle who was doing his farming for us have one of these. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: He had this kerosene lamp with a globe you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But we uh we did we used we there were meals around the month of May. I know we used the flambeau. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} {X} 461: {X} {X} {NS} {X} Is that what horse shit's called? Interviewer: {X} 461: Yeah. I like to ride horses I never did I never did get a horse from cross {X} but like I said the only thing that we had was a {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And the other day when I bought that horse I told them that we {X} I never had a horse, I always wanted one. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: So we got one to get. I got a nice horse out there just to ride. Interviewer: Uh-huh you just bought him the other day? 461: What was that? Interviewer: You just bought it #1 recently? # 461: #2 I bought it about # no it was about two months ago. We've had the pony for quite awhile {X} {X} I want to step back out and I'll show you around when we get through some of the stuff that we've been talking about. Interviewer: Yeah I would like to see some of it. Um say if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color you'd say she she'd take a long a a little square cloth to use as a? 461: Sample. Interviewer: and um something a woman might wear over a dress in the kitchen? 461: Apron. Interviewer: And um for signing your name in ink you'd use a? 461: Pen. Interviewer: And to hold a babies diaper in place? 461: Pin. Interviewer: And um the dime is worth? 461: Ten cents. Interviewer: And um if it was real cold outside before you went out you'd put on a? 461: Jacket Interviewer: Or a? 461: Coat Interviewer: And um what would a man wear if he was gonna go to church on Sunday? 461: Suit Interviewer: What would the the parts of the suit? 461: Coat tie uh you talking about now or back when I was coming up? Interviewer: What what did they used to have when you were coming up? 461: Uh well uh then I I would say that a suit would require I mean if you had a suit on it need a coat and a tie and pants now there were there was a lot of people on there that don't wear a tie. They think that they was real dressed but they just wouldn't wear a tie they'd wear a nice shirt and a coat and pants. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But they don't have the tie. Interviewer: Did you ever see a 461: I felt considering now now then I didn't I didn't think much about it but now I know to be dressed that that tie needs to be there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a did you ever hear of a three piece suit? 461: {X] Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah Interviewer: People used to have that? 461: Yeah Interviewer: And um you mentioned pants um was there any other name for pants? 461: Britches. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um say if you had gone outside without your coat and you wanted it you might say um would you go inside and what me my coat? 461: Fetch or bring. Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: Now listen I tell you what uh there again I wanna tell you what I've experienced. Certain people used a certain term. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now this uncle of mine that was doing the farming for us he hardly at least he don't do it yet He still uses this word fetch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But even as as a young boy I didn't I didn't use that word it didn't sound right to me Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but he would always I he was noted to use that word. Fetch me the hammer or bring me he he he he would lose his hammer {X} Fetch me this or fetch me that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but I wouldn't say that. I'd say bring me this or bring me that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But now he would and uh I find out that different people have got different terms that they brought in and they still hang with you #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And say if so you say he went inside the house and what me my coat? 461: Brought Interviewer: And he'd say here I have? 461: Your coat Interviewer: Or I have 461: Brought your coat to you. Interviewer: Uh-huh And um you say that coat won't fit this year but last year? 461: Was just right. Interviewer: It what perfectly? 461: It fit. Interviewer: And um say if you bought if you had an important interview and your clothes weren't in very good shape you might go out and buy a brand? 461: What's that again? Interviewer: If if a person had an important interview or something and his clothes weren't in very good shape you'd have to go out and buy a brand? 461: New suit Interviewer: What's that? 461: Suit. Interviewer: Say say the whole thing. A brand 461: New suit of clothes? Interviewer: Mm-kay And um if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them? 461: Well we used to say cram things inside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But it makes your pockets? 461: Pooch out well we don't say stick out of We call I I used to call it I don't know uh well it was something about they seem the same it wasn't bulging out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It was pooch out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay? Interviewer: Mm-kay And um you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it? 461: Drawed up Interviewer: Or another word for that? I washed it and it? 461: Shrunk. Interviewer: And you say it seems like every shirt I've washed recently has? 461: Shrunk up Interviewer: And I hope this new shirt won't? 461: Shrink Interviewer: And um 461: Well now listen I'm gonna tell you something now that's the words that they used. Well uh that word shrunk up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but now I mean uh that shirt shrunk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm You wouldn't say up? 461: No. Interviewer: Say if a if a woman liked to put on good clothes you say she likes to? 461: Dress up. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? A man likes to dress up? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What about if she spends a lot of time in front of the mirror you know fixing her hair Huh? 461: Primping Interviewer: Uh-huh would you say that about a man? 461: Yeah. I'd have to say the same thing. Interviewer: Any other expressions? Primp or dress up any any other expressions? 461: Well I know that the word primp wouldn't be the word to use uh it'd be spending a lot of time dressing up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But uh the words that I was to learn and come up using I would use that same term with a woman and a man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And something that people used to carry money in? 461: Well now listen I'll tell you what I don't care if it was a woman or man or what it was a pocket book. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 {X} # 461: #2 Well they didn't # use the word purse many time and along then they didn't use billfolds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or wallets Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: it was pocket books. Interviewer: What did it look like? 461: {X} uh but it didn't matter what it was if a woman had uh what we call a purse today Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I guess what I I've got what I call a billfold maybe it was just a pocket book Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: period. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Yeah the wallet's a pocket book. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then they knew what you was talking about. They didn't expect it to be a wallet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But they said here's a man's pocket book and I didn't know what anybody was talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Very few times I've heard the word or rather these other terms used purse or wallet or uh billfold. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Just pocket book. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um something that a woman might wear around her wrist? A piece of jewelery. 461: Uh bracelet Interviewer: And um say if she had a lot of little things strung up together around her neck 461: Beads Interviewer: You'd call that a what of beads? 461: A string of beads. Interviewer: And um 461: Now I'm going to tell you something about that. Well maybe that they did but there was a common thing back that I knew about when I come up. And I didn't see much jewelry other than beads were very inexpensive and Or if you got metal jewelry like that that was more expensive and didn't see much {X} But I never did any kind of jewelry like that that was beads. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then you know that a woman was gonna be dressed up if she had beads on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: So that's all I knew about there's a little bit about jewelry I mean necklaces that was {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm And something that mean used to wear to hold up their pants? 461: Suspenders Interviewer: Any other name for that? 461: Mm-mm No I don't think so I believe that uh galluses oh yeah Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah galluses. Hey you know that was more common than suspenders once? Interviewer: Oh it was? 461: Yeah now let me tell you how that I associated that. Now overalls some of them got uh had uh {X} Oh yeah yeah wait a minute you see overalls had a bib and they would buckle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That was an overall gallus that strap that would come up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay if an old man you'd see him dressed up the the the buckle here went over the shoulder to his pants. If he had pants it was suspenders. Interviewer: Mm-hmm but on overalls that was #1 galluses? # 461: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I had that associated then with uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: differently associated. But overalls was a gallus. Interviewer: Uh-huh What would you um hold over you when it rained? What would you call that? 461: Okay. Parasol. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 is that what you call it now? # 461: #2 Yeah # No I'd say umbrella. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: But it was most commonly used I heard it just a few times I mean but uh parasol was associated with that when I was coming up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um the last thing that you put on the bed you know the fancy cover? 461: Uh it's the bedspread Interviewer: Mm-hmm Anything people used to have a older thing than that? 461: What's that? Interviewer: Any anything else that you heard besides bedspread? 461: No I don't think so I might have forgotten. There was a no bedspread. Interviewer: And at the head of the bed you'd put your head on a? 461: Pillow Interviewer: Did you ever see anything um longer about twice as long as a pillow? Did you ever hear of bolster? 461: Mm-mm Interviewer: And um say if you had a a lot of company and didn't have enough room beds for everyone for the children you might make a? 461: Pads. Interviewer: And um what different types of land did you have on a farm? 461: What different types of land? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We have wood land and uh there's crop land. That's all I know. That what I'm talking about we didn't have a pasture land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: we had the woodland we had the woods and the and the field properly to cultivate. Interviewer: What would you call land that along sort of um flat land along a stream overflows in the spring time and? 461: Talking about uh bottom land? Interviewer: Uh-huh What else like like that? What about land that's got a lot of water on it or if it can't cultivate because it's 461: Marsh. Interviewer: What's what's a marsh exactly? 461: It's a wet uh spongy type land marsh land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did anything grow there? 461: No uh other than just uh maybe some kind of wild weeds or plants although it it it's no good for cultivation. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We had some of that. Interviewer: Anything else similar to a marsh? 461: No. Interviewer: What about a swamp? 461: Oh yeah yeah we got swamp. Interviewer: How is that different? 461: Yeah. I'll tell you why. A swamp land is like that you see back down under those trees that's a swamp back in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And a marsh land is just don't have the uh high vegetation. I've got to stop them boys just a minute excuse me. {X} I know and I say we use the only thing that feels right a long time ago used to be a nigger period. Interviewer: Uh-huh What other word #1 {X} # 461: #2 Negro now and then # I just learned so tradition of speaking it was just nigger all together. Interviewer: Not even not necessarily insulting? 461: Uh no it wasn't insulting. It was just nigger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would you say if you wanted to be insulting? Or were there any joking or or particularly insulting words? 461: No uh let me tell you see there was I think it was one of the slaves or something if I remember. But they was they was negro people that lived on the close line raised years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And there was no uh racial tension between the races. Uh they stayed in their place what I'd say what I thought they would just dismember And there's not they niggers live not too far from here but now as far as going down into town yeah there was some mean there were some boys around there that would fight them. I never did see I was younger. It was a little bit before my time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I tell you what and right now you can't hardly get a colored person that's around in this area to go down there in Wausau. I mean it's not all that bad but there's there's something about it that was the fact that they used to be so bad about fighting when they there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I'm not talking about just Wausau now all these smaller communities Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: like Caryville. Uh well there's a lot that works there but I'm talking about the small communities Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: they would they would just fight and then they they didn't go in much. Now over in Chipley where you had your uh colored sections see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's always been there. You quite saw nigger corners. Particular now they had them a whole set of niggers that was raised down here they could ride horses {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Mules will get the stuff and come back not a problem but you take a strange nigger {X} you'd fight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you think that there'd still be some trouble now? 461: No but we play ball now. Now this is all in the past time changes since there's been a lot of racial uh progress made. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now we got a {X} we have now for two years let someone else have that next year the only candidate that I sort of involved. When you find out who {X} that's like this about this mental retardation or either uh the March of Dimes or cancer crusade they said okay now who's somebody in Wausau we can get to work and the first thing oh {X} I'm just getting to where I say no to a lot of this stuff. You know I just take so much and that's it But anyway I've just got somebody to head up the mental retardation program that is uh I'm president of the Washington county slow pitch softball. Had one team two or three years from uh negro Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: communities colored now. {X} We've had uh we've got two colored teams Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh in fact on the team there's a white and black on the team but we've got these we've got one I think {X} came in in the county league and then two or three there's no trouble whatsoever. We've got nigger uh there's no there's no racial problems whatsoever. {X} Then there's niggers that goes in the cafe down at Wausau and eat. See there's a little cafe down there no problem or trouble at all. Interviewer: What if they say ten years ago do you think the Civil rights back up 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Martin Luther King had a lot to do with it? 461: I don't think Martin Luther King had anything to do with it. Maybe he did have something though it was a uh people get fed up I I'm gonna tell you about what is Martin Luther King sort of fellow {X} and be radical about anything that people get fed up they just get fed up with you you just get a certain {X} Whereas uh the legislation that's been passed the laws have been put in books and everything I'm sure that that's had a lot to do with it and no work will take place but I didn't there's a lot of things that I didn't like what Martin Luther King did. But I think that it would come about Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: maybe some things quicker. I don't believe it's right for people to lay down in highways and block the protests and something like that. I certainly believe that uh there's other ways to Interviewer: Kind of um are you close with the black people around here {X} grew up at South Louie Louis alma mater? 461: Now I've had now listen I I'm I'm somewhat religious but in the way I understand it this country of ours was built upon the faith of God Almighty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I believe that each country and each individual has got to have something to lean on or build {X} Now okay we've got religion that's Christianity. I think that we have uh lost uh what our country was built on the faith of God Almighty. This is what we have as a country got to build around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And an individual has got to have something to build around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But I certainly believe that this is what we were losing protection and leadership now look where we're at and and uh but there's no leadership. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay if he had a feared god of oh of upon which this country was built they wouldn't have done some things that they have done. You know what I mean? Interviewer: Makes them {X} 461: Yeah I'm talking about everybody they got Christian oppression. Now then talking about the nigger situation I realized that the niggers got a soul and he's gonna go to heaven or hell just like I am. And I he is not the supposed to be working like an animal out there in the winter {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I don't believe that nobody should be that way. We human beings we all created uh I'm I'm not talking I'm talking about equal and we made it that the others have different talen- uh talents and capabilities but I'm not supposed to work you like an animal like they were doing the slaves. I don't believe in that. But yeah uh now getting back to someone like Martin Luther King I realized that those colored kids like to play baseball just like my kids. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And they like to play football and the adults like to play. We can work this right here we don't need nobody like Martin Luther King laying down in the streets people get fed up with that thing. You see where it's apt the be like you see where Kennedy is at today. And the next radical it starts and and you'll see it when he gets out around with the people. Now George Wallace and the way he got shot people and and I didn't I'm a Wallace man to be honest with but most people had just got fed up with George Wallace. There's people that got fed up with uh Ke- I mean uh uh John Kennedy and they think about that that with Bobby Ken. I hate to say that I like all of them. But people people just they get a stomach full of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Would what was the what I was wondering was um you know I I guess the the white in this area didn't feel too strongly you know for Martin Luther King but when he was assassinated was there any reaction from the blacks? 461: Yeah Interviewer: #1 With with # 461: #2 that's who yeah # a lot of reaction from the blacks at school they they seemed like they they was just gonna {X} the community because Martin Luther King had got killed. They didn't do me that way but that's how they took it there was uh a reaction Interviewer: Even out 461: There's no difference in them killing Bobby Kennedy or John Kennedy. Interviewer: You know how people out in the country blacks living out in the country I mean there was a sort of a unified reaction. #1 Like like who # 461: #2 I I can tell you # what it is. I I hate to say that and maybe it it's not the famous saying okay school was time kids would go on right now at my {X} Well here uh if I had to check on uh we making progress and Martin Luther King would say shut but people gets tired of causing this disturbances and blood shed see. Progress is to be made around a conference table and under law right on that Bible. We made we're making uh I've seen progress made here now we're just a small community but we playing softball here we sitting in the PTA meetings getting them on our committees and everything else and Martin Luther King's been dead and they say {X} and we don't have a radical out there right now but if they do they gonna they gonna stop him. This thing will come about but otherwise talking about if we're left al- and I don't mean to say if you can't be left alone some law enforcement these laws has got to be pushed up because if they don't we might neglect them and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: deprive of some of the purpose. But we don't need people like Martin Luther King to get this thing accomplished I don't believe. You take a hot summer like everybody uh you know how it is the first thing you know and uh seven of them laying down in the streets and there's some gun fire and somebody's getting killed or nothing they don't like that it's not it's not the thing to do I don't believe that's the way to do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Let him stand up before the Senate telling this but don't get out here in the street and get the people stirred up. you can get their emotions stirred up like quicksand. Interviewer: When you talking about name different names for negroes um what different names are there for for whites? 461: Uh I've heard some you know my bad names same particular about a white woman. I've heard some uh bad names for a white but not usually the same word as say a nigger nigger for a negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what what 461: I think we care uh Barbara what I'm talking about about that nigger well I know more people call them I I my grandmother raised me and my aunt and they says uh uh then uh there's some niggers that {X} and they didn't do they didn't mean to say that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: they just like I said awhile ago about using a a see what was that the like of wet and wit it's like nigger and negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's just the pronunciation of it uh they didn't mean one thing whatsoever. Interviewer: What different words are there for white people though? Say 461: Well there's nothing there's not one that I know of. Uh a huge for the white like it would be for a nigger for the black. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about say a um white people that aren't very well off and but they haven't had a chance at an education but they don't much seem to care they don't work they just a name that you might have for them? Whites that you sort of look down on? 461: Well now I feel this uh I think that uh they're known to be crummy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: slum I mean now whether it's white or black if it's them it just looks down it's slime or crummy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And it's sorry. Sorry #1 likely. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 461: Sorry-like. Interviewer: What about something like poor white trash or redneck or cracker? 461: No oh I've heard that word mixing around just barely but w-we we don't associate any particular word like that with the white. Interviewer: What what word have you heard? 461: Uh like I said it's uh well it it I I know a low class white. He's at the low class and then uh crummy and then slum too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Trash not white trash but just trash. Interviewer: All these could be black or white it doesn't matter? 461: Uh no uh well see we're not associated with the colored people we don't have a lot of them in this particular area we got them around but You talking to somebody here now in the bigger city they would be using different terms there would be more associated. Interviewer: Do you have a name for someone who one parent is white and the other parent is black? Would you have a name for that that child from a racially mixed marriage? Terms for or say a real light skinned negro. 461: Yeah {X} Interviewer: Who works like um say someone who lives out in the country and when he gets into town you know everybody notices him you know just sort of jokes about him like you know cause he's really {X}. Huh? 461: Because he's just an old country boy. Interviewer: Uh-huh any any expression joking or expressions or 461: Hillbilly. Interviewer: Uh-huh anything else like that? 461: Uh well yeah but uh actually we didn't we di- we didn't associate as a hillbilly here seems like that's up in the mountains and uh just an old country boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's law because see this is practically everybody's country here and uh you can't really talk too much about the other fellow. I don't know what you talking about. But there's some that uh if you put that old country boy to it that means to say that he {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: You see what I mean? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: but we wouldn't call them a hillbilly Interviewer: That'd be more mountain? #1 {X} # 461: #2 Yeah yeah # that's right. That wouldn't be we didn't use that. Yeah well and then in other words the person that you're talking about they would say an old country boy. Now he was real country. Interviewer: When you're talking about land earlier um would you ever think of uh uh say a field that might be good for just um raising grass or clove or alfalfa you know good land for for cattle or would you call that anything? Word like meadow or prairie. 461: The only time the only way that we'd use that is a pasture land and I got pasture land. I'm talking about I don't call it no prairie I don't call it no meadow I call that a pasture. Interviewer: Are well you familiar at all with the the gulf or bay? 461: Well I've seen one. Interviewer: What about a bayou or bayou? 461: This is a s- I call it a small area off of a bay a stream going into the bay uh either uh a small area back now I don't know just how to explain it but that's why do the big body itself would be the bay. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then they uh a body on out farther would be the Gulf. Interviewer: What about the bayou or bayou? Do do you speak of that? 461: No but I call it the bayou Interviewer: Is is that the small stream off? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What about um something that a man made um stream coming out big enough for maybe for a boat to go through? Cut out um 461: A mouth. Interviewer: And um what different types of soil are there? 461: Clay. Interviewer: Mm-kay what else? 461: Uh sand. That's what we we call it. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 461: #2 Clay # and sea muck. Interviewer: What's muck? Is that real rich soil or? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you have do you have something you call loam or loam? 461: Yeah we got a loam. We we got a loam loam L-O-A-M. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What what's that like? 461: Uh say that it was uh uh a mixture of sand and clay mixed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm say if you had some some land that was a a little bit swampy and you were getting the water off you'd say you were doing what to it? 461: You mean to say now if I had some swamp land and I wanted to get the water off? Interviewer: Mmm. #1 You'd say? # 461: #2 Ditch it # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Or another word you know you'd dig ditches in order to 461: That's right. Interviewer: to what the water off? 461: Well I what now uh the only that I know what I've seen what you're talking about here is to ditch it is to dry it up. Interviewer: What would you say drain or dreen? 461: Well now let me tell you. I was learned to use the word dreen but now I know it's a drain. That's just like uh I know I've got some people now my aunts that's all we used to say my the dreen in my sink see the drain this water out with the sink dreen. Or it's a drain line D-R-A-I-N but I was learned the word dreen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and something uh say if you had a heavy rain fall and the the rain cut out a little channel what would you call that uh? 461: G- Interviewer: Would you say gully whether it was big or small or? 461: No I I wouldn't say gully now. In fact my kids I don't I mean they had they wouldn't you you'd cut out you'd you'd cut a trench. A little gully would wash out our fish hook in other words if it was small and was washed out it was still a small gully or or big gully. Interviewer: What about something along the edge of the road to carry the water off? 461: It's a ditch. Interviewer: You mentioned um let's see a a small rise in land you'd call? 461: A small rise in the land? Interviewer: Yeah 461: Hill? A hill. Interviewer: Um any thing else? And to open the door you'd take hold of the door? 461: Knob. Interviewer: Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? 461: Yeah that's right a clay knob. Yeah that's right Interviewer: How's that? 461: It's an elevated that's another thing that I'd use for this a hill would be bigger than a knob. A hill would be a big rolling thing and I know that we'd go out on a sand hill. #1 It's a big # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 461: thing that slides out about about high this big. Whereas a clay knob would be just a small area. Well a clay knob you know I may be able to identify that as a clay uh sand knob. But it would be particular place in the field where it was cultivated Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That would say whether it was a clay knob or actually Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: a small hill. Interviewer: And talking about the mountain the the rocky side of the mountain it drops off real sharp. 461: I don't know I'm not familiar with mountains. Interviewer: What about a a place between mountains? A low area but up still up in the mountains. Not a valley. 461: Call it flats. Interviewer: What what is that I'm saying something between the mountains were the road could go across. Is that what you mean by flat? 461: Well see now I'm not familiar with mountains I know what you're talking about. We'll say this. In between two hills is a flat F-L-A-T-S. Interviewer: And um you mentioned um a a branch what else did you have besides a a branch. 461: Creeks. Interviewer: What's the difference? 461: Streams uh branch streams creeks um okay now this source of water that I told you that we was a branch. This is a small stream. Now I don't know where or what size that it's got to get to why people begin to call them creeks but it's bigger than a branch. Interviewer: A creek is? 461: Uh a a small stream is a branch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: The way that I was taught. Interviewer: Is there anything smaller than a branch? What about something that goes dry when it? 461: Spring? Interviewer: A A spring is a is a source. 461: That's right. Now a spring a spring would be where water uh this is a real small area. This is smaller than a branch. It's water that's springing up out of the ground in other words running off. It's just a small one and they were some of them around in the areas of where I used to live. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: On the hillside where water would run out from inside the hill this was a spring. And water would run down and this it was a real real small where the branch would be where it would be bigger then you got your creeks would be bigger than that. Interviewer: What about bigger than a creek? 461: It's a river. Interviewer: What were the names of some of the streams or creeks and things in this area? 461: Okay now bi-big uh branches creeks uh rivers see I'm not uh to fa- oh uh we got one river that's a number of miles each way. I didn't have much care to see the river. See the creeks Hard Labor. I don't know if where it got its name but you see that was the name of the creek. Interviewer: Hard Labor? 461: But Econfina see that was the Indian name creek uh Econfina Creek that's the Indian name is We've got it from the Indians. I don't know the history behind it but I've read something about it anyway. Okay the branches it would be Jack Kell branch down uh there used to be a a fellow way back years ago that the name was Jack Kell and this branch must probably run through his property. And it got it's name this way. And then another thing I know one branch that run out of a pond. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: A lake and it's got its name from the name of that lake. It would be like the double pond branch so it was identified that way. Interviewer: What rivers were there around here? 461: Choctawhatchee and uh Choctawhatchee and Apalachicola it got it's Indian see. Interviewer: Apalachicola is the same as the Chattahoochee isn't? 461: Yeah Interviewer: More a bit south-western? 461: Well what it does uh you got the two put them together up above ninety make making up the Apalachicola river you got the I think it's Flint and uh Chattahoochee coming together up above ninety And below highway ninety it's Apalachicola because you got the town of Apalachicola. Interviewer: And if you had a stream that was going along and suddenly the water um dropped over you'd call that a? 461: Call it a fall. Interviewer: And um a place where boats stop and where freights unloaded? 461: Dock. Interviewer: Mm-kay anything else? Would would there be a dock if it's on the river a what? 461: Landing. Interviewer: Say if you made a little V-shaped cut in a piece of wood you'd say you cut a little? 461: Groove. Interviewer: Or any other word for that? 461: Slot. Interviewer: Gun fighters for everyman that they killed they'd make a little? 461: Notch. Interviewer: What different types of roads do you have around? 461: We've got graded roads. When I s- what I mean graded this is a uh county road dirt where you graders grade it's a graded road uh uh then there's a dirt road. People say that's a dirt road they didn't even say there's no pavement on it. Oh then you've got your wagon roads. It's a two trail that's just where you have any kind of those wagon wheels I was telling. You see you'd have have grass in between you just have these things that were made for tracks. That's a wagon road. Interviewer: Just big enough for one? Going one way? 461: That's right. And then it wouldn't be graded see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: with a with a machine. A wagon road would you know it would be trails and then in the middle where that animal's feet made the imprints. It used to be well marked out in these woods here so travel would be teams. Alright now we got the wagon roads dirt roads uh graded roads. I said it back long then would be a dirt road but we know it would what graded but with what machine did they have. But now then it's more common that it's a graded road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Then you got your highways Interviewer: #1 What about # 461: #2 If they've used # paved highways when you when they say highway then you know there was a pavement. Interviewer: What would you call a a road that um goes off the main road? A little road. Is that what? 461: Trail. Interviewer: Is that big enough to drive over #1 drive a car? # 461: #2 Yeah it could be. # Now trail road again would be identified uh is the same road as this wagon road because something has left its a trail not graded but if it's a trail road it's two just like the imprint of the car Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: tracks or wagon tracks. Just not graded. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: The trailer. Interviewer: What a- what about those um roads with that have the crushed rock over it? 461: This is paved road. Interviewer: Or it's not been 461: It's a highway. Interviewer: or thinking of gra- 461: A gravel road Interviewer: What if you had a road that uh goes up to a man's house you'd call that a? 461: Just to that stop? That's a dead end. Interviewer: Well that that leads right up to his house it'd be a? 461: I don't know what you're getting at unless it's a driveway. Interviewer: And a road that has a fence on both sides? 461: Lane. Interviewer: A road in in a city? 461: Street. Interviewer: And something along the the side of the street for people to walk on? 461: Sidewalk. Interviewer: In a city you'd have between a side walk and the street there's a a strip of grass did you ever hear that called anything? 461: I mean I know I know what we talking about between the sidewalk and the street no I don't know. Interviewer: Say if you were walking along and a animal jumped out and scared you you might say I picked up a? 461: Stick. Interviewer: And I what it at them? 461: Throwed it. Interviewer: Okay anything else you'd say besides throw? 461: Yeah I mean I I threw it. Interviewer: Uh-huh what about chucked or flung or? 461: Right chucked. chucked that was very common back when I was Okay now uh I'm talking about when I first come up I mean you know back when I was young. We're playing baseball. It was used sparingly not really at all but we said that fellow could really chuck a ball. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now chuck it. Not pitch it, not throw it but chuck it. It wasn't used it was it was very unusual if you heard it but you did hear it. Interviewer: And um say if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say I guess he's not? 461: Home? Interviewer: And say someone came to see your wife and you met the person in the yard you might say well she's up in the kitchen baking some cookies she's? 461: {X} Interviewer: Say and they're they're asking where your wife is you say she what the kitchen? 461: She's in the kitchen. Interviewer: If someone was walking your direction you say he's coming straight what? 461: Toward me. Interviewer: Say if you had gone into town and happened to see a friend of yours you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say I just happened to run? 461: Into. Interviewer: And if a little girl is given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the girl? 461: The same. Interviewer: Or they named her what her mother they named her? 461: After Interviewer: Something that that people drink for breakfast is? 461: Something that they drink? Interviewer: Well what we just had. 461: Coffee? Interviewer: Okay and if you wanted some coffee you say I wanna go? 461: Cup of coffee. Interviewer: Or I have to go what some coffee? 461: Make Interviewer: Talk about putting milk in coffee you say some people like it? 461: Black. Interviewer: Mm-kay any other word for black coffee? 461: Straight. Interviewer: Do you ever hear drinking coffee barefooted? 461: Black and barefooted? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah rarely. I don't think it was uh I heard that but that word was used uh I don't know it wasn't a common word used not to identify black coffee. Interviewer: Was it struck as say sort of a country expression? 461: Yeah no not over here n-no no not barefoot. Interviewer: What is it struck as? Anything special or older people say it or country people or? 461: No I just I think it was uh I'd uh I just I just never seen any connection with barefoot I don't I don't know why I don't know why. Interviewer: It's just something you've heard? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Say if if you like milk in your coffee you say you drink your coffee how? 461: With a little cream. Interviewer: #1 And # 461: #2 Or milk. # Interviewer: Or if you don't put milk in it you drink your coffee? 461: Black. Interviewer: Or with not with milk but? 461: Black. Interviewer: Okay or with 461: Cream Interviewer: Kinds of animal sounds kind of animal that barks? 461: Dog. Interviewer: And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell it? 461: Sic them. Interviewer: You know these uh what would you call say a small noisy little dog? A small noisy dog I'm not talking about names of breeds now. Just if you have you ever heard a name for a one of those real small? 461: Well I don't know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of something like feist? 461: Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: What's that? 461: Is that I is I don't I don't think it's a particular breed it's I didn't I I had to take a back a step but I have heard of feist. Interviewer: Uh-huh not 461: It's a small dog Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: real uh well he didn't he didn't have to mean uh now a small dog was a feist. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: It didn't matter whether he was making a lot of noise or not. He was still a feist. Interviewer: What other common names for dogs are there? Like there's a feist and then what else? 461: Well uh I don't know commonly like I know there was a bulldog back when I was coming up and you had your hounds and your curs. Interviewer: What was a cur? 461: A particular a particular I think it was a breed of dogs but uh he was a big dog and when she cur it was a dog would bite or catch animals #1 you know what I'm talking about. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 461: It would be a big catch dog. A bulldog would be a vicious or something that would catch a bite. Interviewer: Did a cur dog uh cur have um have short hair or those real big is is that what you're talking about? 461: No uh I'm talking about uh not a it's not a great dane but uh now this cur was a was a tall dog with short hair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um a worthless dog just a a dog that didn't do? 461: {D: Sunna.} Interviewer: What? 461: {D: Sunna. Interviewer: Mm-kay say if you had a mean dog you'd say uh yesterday the dog what so and so? 461: Bit. Interviewer: And you say um and then that person had to go to the doctor after he got? 461: Bit. Interviewer: Did you ever say um so and so got dog bit? Did you ever use that word #1 dog bit? # 461: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: How how would you use that? 461: Well say that somebody did get dog uh that dog did bite somebody you'd say uh Barbara got dog bit now mm. The dog bit her. {NW} Interviewer: And talking about um the cows um what did you call the male? 461: Bull. Interviewer: Was that always nice to use now the word bull? 461: No I don't think so I don't like to use it uh and I didn't well I never did like to use it I didn't think it was a proper way to use #1 you know in public # Interviewer: #2 Well # Uh-huh. 461: I mean we've {X} But uh Interviewer: What what would you say besides bull? 461: Well you could say steer but that wouldn't be proper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: There's difference in a bull and a steer. But I now hesitated to use the word bull I didn't think that was the word to use but I don't really there's nothing wrong with it. Interviewer: Do you know what you you said instead of bull? 461: Yeah steer. Interviewer: You never said a male cow or? 461: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear beast hear it called beast? 461: I've heard it. Interviewer: Animals that you might plow with? 461: Mule. Interviewer: And say if you had two of these hitched together you'd say you had a? 461: Pair or well you have a pair. Interviewer: Uh-huh any any thing else you say? 461: Pair of mules. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um a female calf is called a? 461: Female calf? Interviewer: Uh-huh and the male? 461: Bull? Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say the cow was going to? 461: You talking about old country style? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Supper Interviewer: Anything else? 461: Uh Interviewer: What? 461: Drop a calf Interviewer: Mm-kay would you use you still use those expressions? 461: No she's she's fresh. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Going fresh in Charlotte. Interviewer: A female horse is called a? 461: Mare. Interviewer: And the male? 461: Stud. Interviewer: Anything else? Was was that word nice to use? 461: Yeah there's nothing wrong with it but I hesitate sometime now it seems to be that there's nothing wrong with it. Interviewer: You feel kind of the same way about the word the word stud that you do about the word bull. 461: That's right. I feel the same way. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Even though it's a stallion Interviewer: Is does the word stallion sound alright? 461: Sounds better but people you still won't have a clear identity of what you're talking about if you use that stallion and stud not in this area. You know what I mean? Interviewer: Do you mean a a stallion could that refer to a gelding too? 461: Well I really don't know uh the way I understand it it refers only to the male horse or the stud. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: A stallion I don't I really don't know whether it would refer to a a the gelding or not. I don't think so. Interviewer: What what to you is the difference between the word stallion and stud? 461: I've I've heard it uh I've heard both of them used but stallion sparingly you know what I mean? But stud is a common #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Say uh # last year he what his horse everyday? Last year he 461: Rode? Interviewer: You say but I have never what a horse I've never? 461: Rode. Interviewer: And um if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell? 461: Off. Interviewer: And say a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I guess I must've? 461: Fell off the bed. Interviewer: And um the things that you put on the horse's feet? 461: Shoes. Interviewer: And the game that you play with those? 461: Horseshoes. Interviewer: Did you ever um see a game like that only played with rings instead of horseshoes? 461: With rings? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: No. Interviewer: And um the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on you say in all a horse has four? 461: Hooves. Interviewer: The male sheep is called a? 461: Well you talking about somebody who's had maybe I never had any experience with a sheep. But I've really let's see ram Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the female? 461: Ewe. Interviewer: And what people raise sheep for is? 461: What they raise them for? Their wool I Interviewer: And um talking about hogs you know you have different names for hogs depending on their age and 461: Yeah. Interviewer: When they are first born you call them? 461: Pigs {C: Pigs got cut off for some reason in the audio} Interviewer: And then when they're a little older they're? 461: Shoat. Interviewer: Then if it's a female it's 461: Sow. Interviewer: Or if she's never had pigs? And if it's a male? 461: Boar. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use? 461: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 It # 461: associate it the same way as I do with stud or bull. Interviewer: Anything you'd say besides if you didn't want to say boar? 461: No you say boars Interviewer: If you had a pig and didn't want it to grow up 461: Probably the same that's happened uh like you said about this whet rock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Whet uh I mean a a whit rock and a whet rock. Oh I don't know it's just one thing is I guess education is what it was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um is there a general name you have talking about cows and and horses and so forth? Would you have one general way to refer to all of? 461: Yeah well now uh I'm talking about the uh goat is a herd Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Cows is a bunch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Uh what I what I known uh when you were raised up to know okay. Uh I don't know I never did have enough horses you see what I talking about I don't know I'm just telling you what I'm used to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But goats are somewhere like that and have bunch of hogs and a bunch of cows that's what you got a group. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And uh I got a bunch of chickens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever use the word um critters or stock or cattle to refer to to all of your animals? 461: Uh now then I would this is how much stock you've got on your place well I mean I know now that that's that's goat that's all the livestock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Horses and cows and so on. But back when I was coming up a young boy like that and raised never did refer to it uh well it was used very little the word stock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It was either I've got uh little bunch of cattle I got a big bunch of hogs or little bunch of hogs and so on like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What about if you were talking about hens and turkeys and geese and so forth would you have one general name for all of them? 461: Mm-hmm. Let's see I don't think so. Interviewer: And a a hen on a nest of eggs you would call a? 461: Sitting hen Interviewer: And where do you keep hens? 461: Where do I keep eggs? Interviewer: Hens 461: In the in the hen house chicken house wait now. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: There wasn't no hen house it was a chicken house. Interviewer: What about um a place just for the mother hen and the little chicks? 461: Coob Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Alright now there's another one. A chicken {NS} Excuse me {NW} Shrimp you like that? Interviewer: Uh yeah. 461: Okay where were we at? Interviewer: Uh you talking about the place where the mother hen and the chicks. The coob. 461: Oh yeah now look here Barbara I was learned taught that was a chicken coob. I'd I reckon you'd spell it C double O B. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And not a chicken coop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Okay see that one word on the end of that thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Okay. {NS} Interviewer: And um you know when you are eating chicken there is a bone that goes like this. 461: Are you talking about the pulley bone? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: {NW} Interviewer: Were there any stories about that? 461: Oh yeah the one that got the the one short or the long Interviewer: Uh huh 461: would be the first to marry. Interviewer: Uh-huh did you- 461: I don't remember which one now but you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Drumstick Interviewer: Did you have a name for for the two bones the short end or the long end did you ever here those called um boy bone? 461: No no no uh-uh Interviewer: And um 461: Did you ever hear that story about the one that would marry the s- quickest? Interviewer: I hadn't heard that. 461: The ever who got the longest well now listen I don't mem- I don't know whether it was the short one or the longest one Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: but you'd stick it under the table and pull it and the one would come out the longest would marry first you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I don't know but that was a Interviewer: And if it if it was time to um feed the stock and do your chores you'd say that it was? 461: Feed up Interviewer: Or is what time it was? 461: Huh? Interviewer: Would you say ever say fodder time or chore time or 461: No Interviewer: feeding time? 461: Feeding time Interviewer: Okay and how do you call cows? 461: How do I call cows? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Let's see {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Mm-kay what about um what do you say to make 'em stand still so you can milk 'em? 461: Whoa Interviewer: You say that to a cow? 461: Yeah Whoa now whoa whoa whoa Interviewer: What about to get her to back her move her leg back? 461: Back it Interviewer: You'd you'd tell her that? 461: Yeah back it Interviewer: Do you hit her then? Push on her no and I may push {NS} Uh-huh and um how do you call a calf? 461: Calf? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Uh Interviewer: Or di- did you ever call the calf? 461: No I don't think I ever called a ca- Interviewer: {NS} What about to make a a mule or a horse turn left or right? 461: Gee to the right and haw to the left and whoa means stop. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Get up means go. Interviewer: Do you tell 'em um what if they are already moving but you want them to go faster what do you say to 'em? Do you tell 'em get up then or? 461: Mm-hmm. get up. Interviewer: And um how do you call 'em to get them in and out of the pasture? 461: {NW} I just whistle. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um how do you call hogs? 461: {NW} You taping this ain't you? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {NW} Interviewer: And um did you ever hear anyone call sheep? 461: No no I haven't. {NS} Interviewer: What about chickens? 461: Chicky chicky chicky chicky chicky chicky Interviewer: Mm-kay and um say if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere you'd say I wanna? What the horses? Before you hi- 461: Hitch up Interviewer: Well before you hitch 'em up you have to? 461: I don't know now. Interviewer: Well you the things that you have to put on 'em you say you have to? 461: Put the uh the uh wait a minute britching? Interviewer: Or I was talking about the 461: Saddles and harness? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Well now let me tell you something Barbara I know now I got to put the harness on Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: but back when I was coming up we got to put the the same thing now we would put breeching on 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It's the harness is what it was but they wo- the word breeching was used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you say you'd say I have to what the horse? Now you could say I have to harness 'em what would you used to say? 461: Hitch up Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: Now listen when I say {X} back then when we'd say we got to hitch up then we'd know we'd have to have the breeching on {NW} that was the harness you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: To the hitch 'em to the wagon and all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when you're um driving a horse what you hold in your hands is the? To guide it? 461: Lines Interviewer: And when you're riding on it? 461: When I'm riding on the horse and holding? Now I was learned I was taught back then and the and the come up they use ropes in the hand but we didn't use the word reins then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And uh uh well now just like the the uh uh lines is what we'd use what what what we'd use. Interviewer: What would you call it now? 461: I'd call it the reins now bridle reins Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: the reins. Interviewer: And what your your feet would be in would be the? 461: Stirrups Interviewer: And um when you're plowing you know the trenches cut by a plow? 461: Yeah furrow Interviewer: And when if you're plowing with two horses do you have a name for the horse that walks in the furrow? 461: Mm well I I don't think so I don't plow see I never uh been had any experience with with one one animal now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And uh I don't know what you're talking about there. Interviewer: I was wondering if you'd ever heard something like um lead horse or nigh horse? 461: No no no see I never did work in pair. Interviewer: And um if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you did what 461: Clear Interviewer: Huh? 461: Clear Interviewer: Mm-kay and um you know when you um cut the hay off a piece of land and it {NW} comes back up again in the same year high enough so you can cut it again what do you call that? {NS} 461: I don't know I mean I- I I cut it again. Interviewer: Uh did you call that second cutting or rowing or? 461: Uh second cutting. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um a crop that hasn't been planted but that- that year but comes up anyway you call a? 461: Volunteer Interviewer: And um wheat is tied up into a? 461: Uh I don't know what you're on about now about wheat. It might be having another one but like I like I was talking about this fodder awhile ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: just a bundle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: that's what it is. Interviewer: And then that's piled up into a? 461: Stack Interviewer: And um talking about how much you raise you might say we raise forty what? of wheat to an acre forty? 461: Bushels Interviewer: And um say if talking about distance you might say well I know exactly how far away it is but it's just a? 461: Mile or two Interviewer: Or it's just a little? 461: Ways Interviewer: And say if you had been traveling and hadn't finished your trip you'd say you still had a? 461: A long ways to go. Interviewer: And um if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you can find that just about? 461: Most anywhere Interviewer: And um if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell over? 461: Backwards Interviewer: And this way? 461: Now listen {NW} let me tell you about that. {NW} That word that I used for a long time was bakards Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: B-A-K-A-R-D-S something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But backwards now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And uh forwards Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Farwards I I guess that was A F-A-R-W-A-R-D-S Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But it's forwards and backwards. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. say if um if you'd gone fishing and I ask you if you caught any you might say no what a one no? 461: I didn't catch a one. Interviewer: Uh-huh would you ever s- would you say not a one or nary one? {NW} 461: Well uh no well I know um some of that's used but nary one um and I hear you know this is in this particular part of the country but that's very seldom used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Nary one Interviewer: You would never say that yourself? 461: We didn't catch many or we didn't catch hardly any. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But not nary that's that's very seldom used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and um what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 461: I don't know shuck it I guess. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um 461: Well now I'm talking about {NW} you talking about corn it's taking the the cover off of corn that's shucking. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now oats I'm not familiar with that y- y- I mean I haven't talked to someone about it uh what I'm what I'm familiar with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But I I don't know about oats I mean oats and wheat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. say um say if there was something that if there is something that we had to do today just the two of us you might say we'll have to do it or you might turn to me and say? 461: We've got Interviewer: Well instead of saying we you might say 461: Let's? Interviewer: Or would you say me and you or you and I or how would you say that? 461: So okay wait a minute Interviewer: You might say we'll have to do it or you might say? 461: I don't know now I I may tell you what I say. We've got to do something today Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I might say you and I. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: But not me and you or you and me and something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or you might say um {NW} say if someone wanted us for a certain job you might say well he doesn't want just you or just me he wants? 461: Both of us Interviewer: And um say if you were um talking about how tall you are you'd say um he's not as tall as? 461: Me Interviewer: Or you might say I'm not as tall as? 461: He Interviewer: And um you say he can do that better than? 461: I can Interviewer: And um say if someone if you knock on the door and and they ask who's there you know that they recognize your voice you might answer it's? 461: Me Interviewer: And say if it was um if it was a man and you go to the door and you say it's say if someone asked was that Jim at the door you say yeah that was? 461: {NW} Him Interviewer: And if it was a woman you might say that was? 461: Her Interviewer: And if it was two people you'd say that was? 461: Them Interviewer: And um you say something belongs to me then you'd say it's? 461: Mine Interviewer: Or to me you'd say it's? 461: Yours Interviewer: And to both of us it's? 461: Ours Interviewer: And to them it's? 461: Their's Interviewer: And to him? 461: His Interviewer: And to her? 461: Hers Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say his'n or your'n? 461: Yeah yeah Interviewer: Does that sound old fashion to you or? 461: Yes it does and it's quite commonly used in Wausau. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Around it's it's uh his'n uh her- well I don't know about hers'n but I know it's his'n his'n. That's that's been used. Interviewer: Would you say that yourself? 461: No no Interviewer: How would you address a a group of 461: In fact when I heard it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: it didn't sound right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I thought it was something wrong all the time it just didn't sound right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But I have heard it. Interviewer: What would you say to address a group of people would you say you or would you say? 461: To address a group? Interviewer: Yeah to talking to a more than one person would you say you or would you have another expression? Would you say you all or y'all or youins or? 461: Uh y'all y'all Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Not youins that's up in the Carolinas. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: Very common used up around. Interviewer: How much traveling have you done have you been up in the? 461: I've been up I was in service in uh North Carolina at Fort Bragg. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And we met some friends and had s- uh they would use youins very common Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: and we'd pick that up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How long were you in the service? {NS} 461: Two years. {NS} Interviewer: Did you stay at Fort Bragg? 461: No I went to uh I was in Fort Gordon Georgia in Augusta. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Fort Campbell Kentucky {NS} Fort Jackson South Carolina {X} {NS} Interviewer: How did you like it out there in the mountains? 461: I liked it. We went uh we was on vacation up in uh Ashville and Knoxville. Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Nashville Tennessee Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I like gospel music Interviewer: Yeah 461: and uh I like uh country and western. {X} lot of kind of music I like but uh primarily gospel Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: country and western music. Interviewer: Do you go see Grand Ole Gospel? 461: Uh we went but didn't hear the program we went inside the building. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Uh we was up there around Wednesday see they have that on Friday and Saturday nights but we got to go inside the building. Interviewer: It's opera Saturday night isn't? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Ain't is gospel Friday? 461: Right gospel Friday I heard it last night on the radio. Interviewer: {NS} Um {NS} say if you were if some uh their car was out in the road you might say to them somebody is going to run into? 461: What is that? Interviewer: Would you would you ever say um say if there was a group of people and their car was out on the road you might tell them someone's gonna run into? 461: You? Interviewer: Would you ever say y'all's car or your car or you all's car how would you say that? 461: No uh I'd say uh if you don't watch out Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: somebody is gonna run into you. Or gonna run into your car not into you all's car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say if there had been a party 461: Now listen let me tell you something about you all where it's very commonly used in this area. Interviewer: Where's that? 461: Not as much now but back in the times I was young Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: okay? you come to see me when you fix to leave today {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Well I got to go home well you says I got to go now Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: you all come to see me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Just live across the branch over there or creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Y'all come okay y'all come. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now that was I mean that was commonly used. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Um and this and the you all is very is is commonly used now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now okay uh maybe like there'd be um trick or treating tonight set up in this community a man called me awhile go and say you all don't forget now tonight is trick or treating. You all don't forget. Interviewer: Would was that do you take that as referring to your whole family or does it mean just you? 461: No my whole family. Everybody Interviewer: No one would ever say you all talking to one person? 461: No sir {NS} no Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about 461: A couple now even with a couple you all come and see me. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Or you all don't forget talking about two people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But not never one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: You don't forget. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what if there had been a party and you hadn't been able to go to it and you were asking about the people that had gone {NW} you might ask well? 461: Did you all have a good time? Interviewer: Or you want to know which people had gone you might ask well who would you ever say who all was there? Did you ever use that? 461: Yes yeah Interviewer: How would you use- 461: Who all was at the party? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Who all was at the party. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Uh now I don't think a lot of times I I'll say who was at the party. Who was at the party. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: That that that all is used a lot of times really when it's not necessary to be used but it is very commonly used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What if say there was a group of children out playing and now obviously belonged to more than one family you were asking about them you might say? 461: Let's see who does all these children belong to? Interviewer: Uh-huh would you ever say who all's children are they? Or whose children are they? 461: I don't think no not now that's used but I don't I wouldn't use I don't use it. Interviewer: Uh-huh what if if say you were asking about a speaker's remarks you no all of all of his remarks everything he said you might ask well? 461: What you what say that again. Interviewer: When you were asking about all of the speakers remarks you know everything that he said you might ask well? Would you ever say what all did he say? What all did he talk about? 461: Uh yeah I'd say what all did the speaker talk about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and um 461: That all would come in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: What all did he talk about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say if no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for? 461: Themself Interviewer: And if no one else will do it for 'em you say he better do it? 461: Himself Interviewer: And um what's made of flour and baked in loaves? 461: What is that? Interviewer: Made of flour and baked in loafs? 461: Loaves? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Biscuits Interviewer: Mm-kay or or something else that comes in a loaf would be a? 461: Bun Interviewer: Uh-huh what I'm talking about kinds of kinds of bread though. What? 461: Pone well that's not uh now that's what I was talking about the other day. We uh bake a bread in a loaf inside of flour. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what do you put in it to make it rise? 461: Uh baking powder Interviewer: What what about something else that you put in- 461: We don't put yeast in it Interviewer: Huh? 461: We don't use yeast. Interviewer: Do do you know what that kind of bread is called where you put yeast in it? Do you ever hear light bread or um? 461: Oh yeah light bread yeah It's the white bread we buy light bread yeah. Yeah Interviewer: That's what 461: It's not used anymore it's just about to get out. But used to when I was a young boy and coming up light bread uh that meant the kind that was bought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Uh commercially. Like the loaves of bread we get today. That was light bread. It was real light see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now either light bread or biscuits or cornbread. Interviewer: Uh-huh you said there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's? 461: Uh the commercially bought bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh what other kinds of um what what sort of things did you make out of um corn meal 461: Uh the uh small flat uh what I'm talking about now what uh what baker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Okay a baker is a particular um {NW} utensil cooking utensil that you bake bread in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: That's one kind there's a number of kinds. But it's a flat skillet with the low sides on it you know what I'm talking about? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Okay you bake bread in that that is a baker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Okay you you you mix your cornmeal in water and salt you can make cornbread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: You might not think you can but you can. All you got to do is just mix it up and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: flatten it out and you can cook it on top the stove or you can bake it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But the one I'm talking about now uh hoe cake. That's a thin uh cake of cornbread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Cooked on top of a stove and turn it a couple of times and it was quick thin and it would cook quick see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But your thicker you'd make it out of a pone. {NW} A roll and you'd put it in the stove and bake it uh you'd do it in a different type of skillet too one with a higher side. Interviewer: What do you mean a pone? Is that a sort of a loaf? 461: Yeah it's a sort of a loaf. P-O-N-E Interviewer: About what size is it? 461: Uh I'd say it's a oh well about like about like that. Interviewer: How many inches say? Six? 461: No no not six I'd say about four. Interviewer: Four inches wide and 461: Four inches wide and about six inches long. Interviewer: Uh-huh What sort of things would you make from cooking with fish? 461: There's a number of {X} hush puppies now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Okay if we gonna have fish today we'll have hush puppies. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But not long ago it wouldn't of been the common word. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I'd say uh corn dodgers and see it's got it's name I don't know where. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Uh corn dodgers uh doodads Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Made out of doe see that's what your mixture is is a doe D-O-E. I guess I mean that's now it is pronounced. Now uh but now then it's it's hush puppies. Interviewer: Is that about about what is that sort of round shaped or? 461: Yeah Interviewer: What is it 461: Well now it's a it's a it's round shaped kinda like a small miniature football. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. about how big? Three inches or so? 461: No no not three inches about one inch and one inch by about two inches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Okay now uh another way to do it is to cook uh okay now that's a hush puppy and your corn dodgers I always uh had learned uh to identify 'em by now my wife uh learned it from another she had the doodad and I didn't do that she mentioned that the other day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But I didn't learn but the doodad but that was her family they had it named. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It's when you flatten this corn bread out see a hush puppy is cornmeal mixed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Well you flatten it out about that thick and it looks like a doughnut. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now that's what we call corn dodgers now it's different than the corn dodger and the hush puppy Interviewer: Wait 461: Because of the shape it's the same Interviewer: It's about the same much same amount of dough in it but it's it's flatter it's a corn dodger? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Does it have a hole in the center? 461: That's right that's right Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now the reason they do that is it helps cook you see that grease can get in and cook it where as if it was a whole flat cake you see it wouldn't cook Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: as quick Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: as it should but then when you put that hole in it see it that grease gets in all the way around it can cook quicker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. so a a corn dodger is like a a cornmeal doughnut then? 461: That's right Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: that's right. Interviewer: Were there different uh what about something you could take um just salt and water and cornmeal and make something that you could eat with a spoon. 461: I don't know what you could eat um Interviewer: Well say if you were kind of sick and you couldn't hold much on your stomach do you ever hear of mush or gruel or something like that? 461: No no Interviewer: Were there different kinds of doughnuts um maybe by {NS} different ways of making it or um putting yeast in it or? 461: What doughnuts? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I don't know. The only donuts that I ever uh had a chance to get was after I got on up now when I was young I didn't have such thing as doughnuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: When I got uh maybe we begin to buy a few when this other man married my aunt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Get 'em at the stores and so on but I don't know anything about making doughnuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um you say you'd something you'd take up a batter and then make from fry three or four of these for breakfast that would be a? And eat with syrup and butter. 461: Biscuits Interviewer: Or no something you'd flat and you'd 461: Oh flapjack Interviewer: Uh-huh any other names for them? 461: Oh yeah now listen uh I used to I used to we used to make and would eat what they'd call a flapjack. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Made out of flour bread Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: see not cornmeal but flour. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other name for for that? 461: {NW} We call 'em flapjack. Interviewer: Do what about flitter or 461: #1 Oh yeah flitters too. # Interviewer: #2 pancake or? # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 461: Flitters I'll tell you what the word it don't make any difference it was about fifty percent each way I'd say. It was either uh uh I don't know what we just come on the end of a person's tongue at that time would a either a flitter I know what they talking about it was a flapjack I know what he's talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But now about this uh uh a pancake now I've used pancake today it's a pancake now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. but you used to call it 461: flitters or flapjacks that's right. Interviewer: Um and talk about how much flour might be in a sack you might say a sack would contain five or ten what of flour five or ten ? 461: What is that? Interviewer: Talking about how much flour might be in a sack now you might buy five or ten? 461: Pounds Interviewer: And um the inside part of the egg is called the? 461: Yolk Interviewer: And what color is that? 461: Yellow wait a minute used to be yeller. Interviewer: You'd call call the thing the the yeller? 461: That's right Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you cooked them in hot water what do you call 'em? 461: Boiled Interviewer: Huh? 461: Boil an egg. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What if you um cracked 'em and let them fall out of their shells in the hot water? 461: Do what now? Interviewer: If you cracked them and let them drop into hot water? 461: Uh well now that would be poaching. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I didn't know what that was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Not until just a few years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: We never did do anything like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about um when you'd kill a hog um what would call the different parts of meat? 461: Oh yeah we got the chitlins ham uh middlings Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and livers and and uh shoulders Interviewer: When you cut 461: and the jou- jowls but they used to pronounce that joules. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you'd cut the side of a hog what would you call that? 461: That's a middling Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what about the word bacon what what does bacon mean? 461: See now here what do bacon mean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It meant that middling the side of a hog. Interviewer: Would you call that a side of bacon or a middling of bacon or? 461: Side of bacon Interviewer: Uh-huh what's the difference between bacon and middling? 461: There's no uh now let me tell you what uh Barbara see the side the flat uh portion of a hog when you you know cut the parts out and actually butcher that side what we call slab bacon now Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: that is a middling it used to be all and it's one piece. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Well when you cut pieces out of that well you you {X} used to when they would hang it in the smoke house you'd hang the whole thing it would be big as this towel over here and you're about to see the whole side of a hog that is a middling of meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: See? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: You'd cut you'd go on and you'd cut a portion of that off you'd cut a slab of bacon see it is the same thing as bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: That's what they make bacon out of now that's what we used to call a middling. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call the the meat that you buy already sliced to cook with eggs? Is that what do you call that bacon now if it's already sliced? 461: Oh yeah we call it that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what about the um fat salt pork that you might boil with greens? 461: White salt Interviewer: What was that exactly? 461: It was the same thing as bacon um I guess. I don't know it was just white it wasn't cured or smoked Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I just don't know uh I guess that uh white side meat is uh is uh just that portion of the middling uh of the slab of bacon that is just not cured I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. anything else um sowbelly um fat back anything else? 461: Oh yeah fat back uh no now listen that fat back uh we used to call it uh white sow. {NW} Interviewer: What'd you 461: And fat backs same thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. fat back is a newer word? 461: I don't think so. Maybe it is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Uh now I don't use any of that particular kind of meat now. But if I was if I was going to tell my wife if I says go down to the store and bye some white sow Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I wouldn't say fat back. Interviewer: Uh-huh what about the 461: And I know it was in in my own way the associating the two but I know it was either one but I'd tell her to go get some white sow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what do you call the edge of the bacon you cut off before you slice it? 461: The skin Interviewer: Mm-kay and um you might take um a person that that cuts and sells meat you call him a? 461: A man that cuts and sells meat Interviewer: Well the person that kills kills the meat and and sells it. 461: Butcher Interviewer: Okay did you used to use that word? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Do do you think of him as being in a behind a meat counter or someone who 461: Yeah he's a butcher. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about say you take the um trimmings and s- cut 'em up and slice 'em and grind 'em? 461: Trimmings Interviewer: And and then you'd what would you make out of it? 461: Cracklings Interviewer: Or or say you might grind it and season it and stuff it and? 461: Sausage Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and if meat's been kept too long you say the meat is? 461: Spoiled Interviewer: And um what do you call the {NS} inside parts of the hog that you eat? {NS} 461: Uh {NS} well like the we call 'em the chitlings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what else? {NS} 461: Liver Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} {NS} have you ever heard liver and 461: Lights? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah Interviewer: What was that? 461: Uh it's- it's a it's a part of that uh organ uh somehow with the liver I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But liver and lights. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: L-I-G-H-T-S seemingly that's the way it is pronoun- Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And I- I don't know I don't like it anyway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 461: And uh I don't know today whether they separate that I just don't know but I have heard of liver and lights as being associated together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about {D: harslet or haslet?} 461: Oh yeah haslet that's right. Interviewer: What's that? 461: I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It is part of the inside of the hog now like I say uh uh you see well I don't butcher. Well I mean I never have but they they don't butcher hogs like they used to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: See and you're not around it and you hear those words used but I have heard that word haslet. {NW} And it's part of the inside of a hog that people eat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now I've heard that word but I- I don't know what it is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} what um can you make with the meat from the hog's head? 461: Souse Interviewer: Okay any other name for that? 461: Hog head cheese. Interviewer: Okay 461: Now listen we didn't use that we used that word souse that was the most common but I have heard that hog headed cheese used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Same thing {NW} Interviewer: Is there anything you could make by cooking and grinding up the liver? 461: Not as I know of liver pudding. Interviewer: What what was that? 461: I don't know I- I don't know anything that you could do that I have heard of it but I don't know never seen any of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. did you ever hear of anything made out of the blood? 461: I've heard of what you call I mean I've heard of a blood pudding but I ain't never heard uh I ain't never seen none of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. have you ever heard of something called scrapple or pon haus? 461: Uh-uh Interviewer: And say if you had kept butter too long you'd say that the butter was? It didn't taste right you'd say it was? T- 461: Tainted Interviewer: Any other word? 461: No uh rank Interviewer: Okay and thick sour milk you'd call? 461: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay anything you can make from that? 461: Butter Interviewer: Well any kind of cheese or anything? 461: I don't know about that uh like cottage cheese? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I don't I don't know uh whether it did or not we never did. Interviewer: Mm-kay um and the first thing you do after milking is you have to? 461: Strain it Interviewer: And um this is something it's sort of like a a fruit pie it's baked in a deep dish and its got several layers of fruit and pastry? {NW} And maybe you put down a layer of dough then you put down some apples and then some more dough 461: Apple pie Interviewer: But 461: {NW} Interviewer: something 461: {X} casserole Interviewer: Now say if um have you ever heard um well there's a lot of different names um deep dish apple pie or um? 461: No just apple pie Interviewer: Or what about cobbler? 461: Yeah yeah peach cobbler right. Interviewer: What's that like? 461: Now listen it is the same thing as a peach pie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: A cobbler's just a more modern as far as I'm concerned a newer name for a peach pie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and um say if someone had a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his? 461: Listen I'm gonna tell you what can really hide some groceries Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: that's it. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the word vittles used? 461: Oh yeah yeah that's about the same thing well he'd hide some vittles Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: vittles groceries Interviewer: Would you say the vittles now? Would you be likely to use that word? 461: {NW} Nope I'd say boy he can hide some food. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um you might take milk or cream and mix that with um sugar and nutmeg and pour it over pie you'd call that a? 461: Cream Interviewer: Yeah but take a sweet liquid that you could pour over pudding or pie what would you call that? 461: I don't know. What what what was it supposed to be called? Interviewer: Well I was thinking of um would you call it gravy or dressing or dip or sauce or? 461: Um {NS} now I associate a cream I say I want some cream to go on my pie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: A cream on my pizza. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now then if I got some dressing and you got a mixture out here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I want some of that uh say gravy Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: to go on my mash potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But I want cream to go on my pizza's and my pie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and um food taken between regular meals you'd call a? 461: Uh eating between meals? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Any kind of snack. Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: Wait a minute let's see uh yeah it'd be a snack now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But back and when I was coming up don't eat but said eat between meals they don't ever they didn't ever use the word snack. Interviewer: What did they say? 461: He says he eats between meals Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: that's it. Interviewer: And um you say this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock? 461: {NW} Ate Interviewer: And yesterday 461: {X} I eat Interviewer: Huh? 461: Eat Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: I say this morning I eat breakfast about seven o'clock. Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I had already? 461: I'd say ate today. Interviewer: Huh? 461: I'd say ate. Interviewer: You'd say yesterday I already ate? 461: At this time Interviewer: And um you say tomorrow I will? 461: I'll eat at this time. Interviewer: And um say if you're real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a? 461: Drink Interviewer: Or a what would it be? 461: Pour me a drink of water Interviewer: Mm-kay and you'd pour it in a? You'd drink it out of a? 461: Glass Interviewer: And um if you were real thirsty you might say I what a lot of water? 461: The same way. Interviewer: I was thirsty and I what a glass of water? 461: I drank a lot of water. Interviewer: And um you might ask me how much water have you? 461: Drank today? Interviewer: And you say we certainly do 461: Now the word drunk I drunk a lot of water today. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Is very very easily used because that was the words that was used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you say we certainly do what a lot of water? 461: Drink a lot of water. Interviewer: And if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table you'd tell 'em to go ahead and? 461: The dinner is ready Interviewer: Or go ahead and what? They are standing up you tell 'em go ahead and? 461: Eat Interviewer: Mm-kay or they're standing around the table though you'd tell 'em to? 461: To uh be seated. Interviewer: Mm-kay and someone comes into the dining room and you ask 'em won't you what down won't you? 461: Sit down Interviewer: And you say so then he? 461: Sits down Interviewer: Or then he went ahead and what down? 461: Eat Interviewer: Yeah but you say then he went ahead and? 461: Sit down Interviewer: And um you say no one else is standing because they had all? 461: Sit down Interviewer: And um if you want someone not to and wait until the potatoes are passed over to them you tell 'em to just go ahead and? 461: Start eating Interviewer: But say you are offering you say don't don't wait until it's passed just everybody go ahead and? 461: Help themself Interviewer: And um so you'd say so then he went ahead and? what himself? 461: Helped himself Interviewer: And you say I asked him to pass them over to me since he had already? What himself? 461: Served himself Interviewer: Or since he'd already? Using the word help you'd say since he'd already? 461: Served himself Interviewer: Or using the word help? 461: Helped himself Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say hope? 461: Uh-uh Interviewer: Hope himself You had 461: Oh I might have but not common enough to for it to stick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and if someone offers you some food that you don't want you say no thank you I don't? 461: Care for it. Interviewer: And um if food's been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been? 461: Left over Interviewer: And um you say you put put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 461: {X} Interviewer: Or you begin to? 461: Chew Interviewer: And um what do you call peas and beets and so forth that you grow yourself? 461: Vegetables Interviewer: Mm-kay you wouldn't have a special name depending on if you grew them yourself or not would you? 461: No Interviewer: Never heard of garden truck or? And um something that a particularly southern food that's made of ground up corn you might eat for breakfast? 461: Grits Interviewer: Mm-kay what about something that you'd make by um leeching the husk off corn? 461: Hominy Interviewer: Mm-kay is that what you always called it hominy? 461: I think so. Interviewer: And um this is something that it's made from the inside of a grain um people in China and Japan eat it a lot? It's white. It's a it's a starch it's made from a grain and you can grow it you probably could grow it around here but you'd it {NS} 461: I don't know what that is what it Interviewer: I'm see it starts with an R something that grows in in water pretty much. 461: Rice Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Oh yeah Interviewer: Do you do has people grown it around here or do you know? 461: They used to. Interviewer: And um 461: I got about two minutes and then I got to go Interviewer: Okay um just one more question then um what have you ever heard of um people making whiskey themselves? Maybe out in the woods. 461: Yes Interviewer: What did you hear it called? 461: Rum Interviewer: #1 Rum just for anything that # 461: #2 right # Interviewer: that they'd make themselves? 461: That's right rum white lightening Interviewer: Uh-huh was there a difference 461: {X} Interviewer: What if it was um real poor quality? 461: Rotgut Interviewer: Mm-kay and what about homemade beer? 461: Brew home brew Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: Barbara I {NW} Speaker 3: {X} Interviewer: No I'm just hear by myself Speaker 3: Really? Interviewer: Let's see um what do you call the inside part of the cherry? 461: The inside part of the what? Interviewer: Cherry 461: I don't know Interviewer: You okay what about on a peach? 461: Oh a peach Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: we call that the seed. Interviewer: Mm-kay do do you call it that for a cherry? 461: Cherry? Interviewer: Yeah 461: I would say so Interviewer: Mm-kay um and the kind of peach that it's real hard to get the that you have to cut the seed out of? 461: Oh yeah that's a prince. Interviewer: Mm-kay what about the other kind? 461: It's a clear seed. Interviewer: Okay what do you call the part inside the seed? 461: Kernel Interviewer: Okay and the part of the apple that you don't eat? 461: Core Interviewer: And um {NS} the kinds of what kinds of nuts do you have around here? {NS} 461: Pecan we used to call that the pecan {NW} Speaker 3: Pecan 461: and the hickory uh we used to call that the hickor nut. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And uh peanuts we used to call 'em {D: pindars and ground peas.} Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And uh {NS} walnuts there's just a few. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: {X} Interviewer: On the the walnuts you know there's two coverings for it you know? 461: Yeah I don't know uh I'm not familiar with the walnut I don't know what you'd call either one of them. Interviewer: Have you ever seen one off a tree? 461: Yeah Interviewer: You know it's got the that covering that's green until it it bursts you know? 461: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And then then it's got a you can take that out off and then it's got a harder covering Speaker 3: Lacey like covering. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I don't know Interviewer: Okay and um the kind of fruit about the the size of an apple that 461: persimmon Interviewer: or that Florida is famous for? 461: Oh orange Interviewer: Okay say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't left you'd say the oranges are? 461: They're gone Interviewer: Okay and um what sort of things did you grow in a garden? 461: Turnips collards Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: peas okra cucumbers squash Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: radishes used to call them radishes Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: uh onions cabbage Interviewer: What about um a red thing that grows up on a um bush that you'd stake up? 461: Tomato Interviewer: Okay 461: Used to call them matos. {NW} Interviewer: What about those those little ones that don't get any bigger than that? 461: Cherry tomatoes a tommy toes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. did you ever hear another name for those? 461: I might have but I can not recall. Interviewer: Did you ever hear out house tomatoes? 461: No Interviewer: So just tommy toes 461: No I never did hear Interviewer: Okay and um you say uh along with your meat you might have a baked? 461: Potato Interviewer: Okay what kinds of potatoes are there? 461: Irish used to call them Irish. Interviewer: Okay 461: Irish potatoes Idaho Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: white which I'd just know 'em as a Irish potato. Interviewer: Uh-huh what about the other kind that has red meat? 461: Sweet potato Interviewer: Okay are there different kinds of those? 461: I've heard them called yams I don't know the difference in a yam and a sweet potato I've heard 'em called both. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: So I just we call 'em sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} and um {NS} you mentioned onions you know those those little onions that that you pull up and eat you know raw when in the spring the do you know what I mean? Before they get real big you know maybe the bulbs about 461: Uh nest egg Interviewer: Huh? 461: We called 'em nest eggs onion a set onion set Speaker 3: Onion set A spring onions Interviewer: Did you call it that? 461: I called 'em uh nest nesting onions. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and 461: Because they come in clusters Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that the same as she mentioned the spring onions? 461: I don't know I think I think it is Interviewer: Uh-huh and um what kinds of beans do you have? That that you have to 461: Slap beans Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} 461: Slap beans {NW} is about all. Interviewer: And say when you have to get one to get the beans out of the pods you #1 you say you're? # 461: #2 Shell # Interviewer: Huh? 461: We shell 'em Interviewer: Okay what kinds of beans do you have to shell? 461: Oh you're talking about beans? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Well uh {X} Interviewer: Huh? 461: We don't eat them {X} we don't raise them in the garden but I- I thought you was talking about the bean and the only only bean beans that we raise in the garden is the snap bean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now there's probably other kind but we don't raise any but snap beans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Or the velvet bean is planted in the field #1 fertility # Speaker 3: #2 How bout the butter bean? # 461: #1 # Speaker 3: #2 # 461: What? Speaker 3: The butter bean 461: Oh yeah the butter bean that's right we shell 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. is what's the difference between a butter bean and a lima bean? Or is there any difference? Speaker 3: Same 461: There's two kind there's a colored butter bean we call it and we call it green bean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: bean. That's the green butter bean I guess Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: The colored butter bean is colored. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Speaker 3: And the the white butter bean is the one that when they get dry 461: Well I guess a butter bean's a lima bean. Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} and you say you take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a mess of? 461: Turnips Interviewer: Or another name for that? 461: Greens Interviewer: Okay what other kinds of greens do you have besides turnips? 461: Collards and mustard Interviewer: Did you ever hear of poke? 461: Yeah we don't have that around here. {X} I think they might have raised Speaker 3: That's a long time ago. Interviewer: {NW} 461: #1 {X} # Speaker 4: #2 Momma come here and tie my shoes. # 461: #1 # Speaker 4: #2 # Interviewer: Okay {NW} um {NW} say if um the outside of an ear of corn is called a? 461: Shuck Interviewer: And um the stringy stuff on it? 461: Silk Interviewer: And um the thing that grows up at the top of the corn stalk? 461: {NW} Tassel we used to call it the tossel. Interviewer: Okay 461: T-O {X} but it's a tassel. Interviewer: And um {NW} what about the um the kind of corn you eat off the cob? 461: Sweet corn Interviewer: Okay any other name for that is that what you used to call it? 461: Early corn Interviewer: What about um roasting 461: Roasting roas- roasting ears. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {NW} We used to call 'em roasting ears. {NW} Roasting ears Interviewer: Is that the same thing as sweet corn? 461: Yes so it can either be field corn it's just a ear of corn that you roast. Interviewer: Uh-huh Speaker 3: {X} Interviewer: Does it mean is that the um I think that'll stay like that yeah um is that the same thing as the sweet corn or is? Does that sort of mean more how it's prepared or? 461: No sweet corn has got a sweet taste. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Now the regular field corn Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: you can still have creamed corn Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: but it won't be sweet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Uh that's why we used to call sweet corn it's got a sweet taste. Interviewer: Uh-huh the field corn is what you call the roasting ears or? 461: Well any uh either one of 'em. Uh if you roast it in the oven baked the corn it can be either the sweet or either the field corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: That's where you get where I got the word roasting ears is because we roast it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and um something that well big thing that you'd um make pie out of at Thanksgiving? 461: Pumpkin we used to call it punkin. Interviewer: Okay and um what kinds of melons did you used to raise? 461: Watermelon and cantaloupe Interviewer: Is there a something another name for cantaloupe or something similar? 461: A mush melon Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah Interviewer: What's the difference? 461: There's not any as I know of. Speaker 3: A mushmelon is bigger Interviewer: Was it? 461: I think it's the same thing. Speaker 3: I think momma had she had some and the mushmelon was real big and the cantaloupes are small. 461: Okay Speaker 4: Cantaloupes and orange and mushmelon. 461: Used to call anything that wasn't a watermelon a mushmelon. Interviewer: {NW} What different kinds of watermelon were there? 461: Black diamond and then we used to call I guess it's the Congo now the one with the streaks Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: the rattle snake Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I don't it was a name of a watermelon I know it wasn't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: We did call it rattlesnake it had streaks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And then a Charleston gray now. Interviewer: What does that look like? 461: White Interviewer: White on the outside or? 461: Right it's red on the inside. They used to have one well they still got it I don't know what you'd call it but it's got a yellow meat flesh to it inside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It's yellow we used to say yeller {NW} Interviewer: You call that the yellow watermelon or? 461: No I call it the yellow-meated watermelon is what we how we identified. And how you could tell it on the outside of the melon there was little specks. Looks like stars and then they would be designs that look like a moon Interviewer: Hmm 461: every now and then that you'd see. Is that right? {B} Speaker 3: What's that? 461: Yellow-meated watermelon you ever notice it? Speaker 3: Help me understand. 461: well it had a like I said the little speaks that looked like stars it had a it was pretty. Interviewer: Huh {NW} never seen one of those. 461: They were {NW} kinda rare wasn't a lot of 'em planted. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and um {NS} little umbrella shaped thing that springs up in the woods or fields after it rains 461: Mushroom Interviewer: Okay 461: We used to call it mushy room Interviewer: Huh? 461: We used to call it mushy room Interviewer: Uh-huh what what about something similar to that that maybe you couldn't eat? 461: Toad stew Interviewer: Uh-huh wh- what's the the difference? 461: I don't think there's any {NW} really. Interviewer: And um something that that you'd have on the table to to season food with would be? 461: Black pepper Interviewer: Or 461: salt. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and um something you might have to spread on toast in the morning? 461: Butter Interviewer: Or the sweet spread from 461: Jelly Interviewer: Okay and um you might say this isn't imitation maple syrup this is? 461: Pure Interviewer: Or this is gen-? 461: Genuine Interviewer: Okay is that how you always said that word? 461: Right Interviewer: Did you ever hear genuine? 461: What? genuine Interviewer: Or genuine or 461: Uh-uh no genuine. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um when sugar was wasn't prepackaged but when it was sold out of the barrel you'd say that it was sold? 461: By the bulk. Interviewer: Okay and um say if there was a a bowl of if there was some apples and a child wanted one he'd tell you? 461: I want an apple Interviewer: Okay and um say if um {NS} say if a man had a a really bad sore throat and um you'd say well he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't? 461: Swallow Interviewer: You'd say he could chew it but he couldn't? 461: Swallow Interviewer: Okay and um something that people smoke made out of tobacco? 461: Cigarette Interviewer: Okay and what else? 461: Cigar Interviewer: Okay and um say if someone had about or you say if you were going to buy some some lettuce you might ask for three or four? 461: Heads Interviewer: Okay um would you ever use that word heads talking about children? Say if you had six children would you ever say you had six heads of children? 461: Well uh I've heard it used quite a bit. Interviewer: How wou- 461: But I've never used it I- I don't I don't tell people that I got three head of children. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I say I got three boys. I got three children I don't say that I got three head of children. Interviewer: How does that sound to you? 461: It don't sound- it don't even sound country to me. I mean what I'm talking about it don't make I don't know it's just the wrong word to use. Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} did you ever hear if say if someone had about fourteen children did you ever hear him say he had a passel of children? 461: Yes Interviewer: How would they use that #1 word # 461: #2 that's # real country Well okay puppies Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Somebody would say that well you could tell that they had a {NS} a large litter puppies and says that ol' dog's got a passel of puppies. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Uh passel of {NS} fleas around the place or something. It means a lot of 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But I've heard it used but not real com- it's not common in this area. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Never has been not passel but it's been used sparingly. Interviewer: Uh-huh but but you did hear it said about children say? 461: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Or just just animals like puppies or something? 461: Uh yes and other subjects that they would be talking about not children. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what about the word right smart? The right smart of children or the right smart of Speaker 3: Yeah 461: Yeah that's common. Interviewer: How is that used? Do you or how do you use that? 461: Let's see uh that means quite a bit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Uh like if you have any turnips? Oh I have a right smart of 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Right smart of turnips. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. would you ta- 461: Uh it it's used uh quite a bit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But really it's been used in this area and that's how it would be associated. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you talk about someone having a right smart of money? Or does that 461: Yeah Interviewer: does that sound funny to you? 461: Well it'd be yes. It's not right but but it's been used that way. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um say someone asked you to do something and you might say well I'd like to but I just? 461: Can't or have time. Interviewer: Okay and um you might say in a in such a situation he what to be careful? 461: Better watch out. Interviewer: Or say if um or you might say he should be careful or another way of saying that you say he what to be careful he? 461: Protector Interviewer: Mm-hmm. did you ever hear people say um he belongs to be careful? 461: No Interviewer: How would what would you probably say? 461: You talking about that somebody should exercise uh caution? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Well I've heard 'em say that he should be extremely careful. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Uh Interviewer: But you never heard anyone say that he belongs to 461: No never have. Interviewer: something like that? 461: Never have Interviewer: Um say if a boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he? 461: Shouldn't of done. Interviewer: Or using the word ought you'd say I bet he did something he? {NW} 461: Ought notta done Ought notta ought notta done. Interviewer: Okay and um say if you are refusing to do something you might tell someone um and no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just what do it? 461: Didn't do it. Interviewer: Or you saying that you will not do it you say I just? 461: Can't Interviewer: Or I just? Speaker 3: Ought not Speaker 4: Won't daddy 461: What? Speaker 4: Won't 461: Uh I don't know just say it again. Ask me. Interviewer: Well say if some one ask you if you'll do something you say um well no matter how many times you ask me to I just? Speaker 4: I ain't gonna do it. 461: No uh Speaker 4: Won't 461: I'm not gonna do it Interviewer: Okay and um say if someone ask you if you'll be able to do something you might say well I'm not sure but I? Do you ever say I might? 461: Give it a try Interviewer: Do you ever say I might could or do you ever say that might could do it? 461: Yeah I might could do it. Interviewer: Okay Interviewer: {NW} And um talking about kinds of animals um the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 461: Owl. Interviewer: Okay what what different kinds of owls are there? 461: Hoot Interviewer: Huh? 461: Hoot owl Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's the bigger one isn't? 461: Right that's the biggest. {D: And there's scrooch owl.} Interviewer: Okay. 461: {NW} {D: But the screech owl I guess but we used to call 'em the scrooch owl.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 461: That's all I know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any stories about him? Like 461: Oh yeah when the weather changed? Interviewer: What was that? {NS} 461: If an owl {NS} we if we'd if we'd hear an owl hollering out Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: uh we'd say that the weather's gonna change in twelve or twenty four hours I don't know what it meant twenty four hours. Be a change in the weather. Interviewer: Huh 461: I've heard that but I don't believe it. Interviewer: Hmm um what about the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 461: Woodpecker Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called anything else? 461: Yes uh uh uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called peckerwood? 461: No Interviewer: No one around here says that? 461: They call 'em woodpeckers {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the the big ol' woodpecker? The one about the size of a chicken. Speaker 3: Hammerhead 461: No oh I see uh god some kind of god I don't know what we'd call 'em but I think it was just an old boys name that we associated 'em with. Interviewer: Did you ever hear lord god? 461: Yeah no Interviewer: Lord god? 461: It was some kind of god that we called but it wa- wasn't that. Interviewer: Do you remember where where you learned the word? Did I mean was it pretty common? pretty common 461: No. Just between young boys you know playmates bird hunting slingshots and things. I never did hear adults use it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I think that maybe something that I just don't know we didn't use it much we used a woodpecker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and the kind of black and white animal that has the strong smell? {NS} 461: {NW} Skunk we call 'em polecats. Interviewer: Okay and um say if some animals have been coming and getting in your hens and you didn't know what kind exactly it was is there any general name you'd use? 461: Varmints Interviewer: Okay what does varmint mean exactly? 461: I don't get no just exactly the definition but it would be could be a skunk could be a coon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: uh opossum opossum Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: or either a weasel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Some kind of an animal that would travel at night. Interviewer: It wouldn't be something like a 461: #1 Well now I mean though # Interviewer: #2 mouse or a bat? # 461: I'm talking about chickens uh some kind of varmint that you could see his track. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: See well I saw where a varmint crossed the road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Well you wouldn't expect it to be {NS} uh {NS} I don't know but a squirrel don't uh uh wouldn't in in my opinion I wouldn't classify them as a varmint. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: You know what I'm talking about? Interviewer: Yeah 461: But I would a an opossum or a coon Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: but I don't know why a squirrel no. Interviewer: What kinds of squirrels are there? 461: Fox and cat Interviewer: What's the difference? 461: Fox squirrel is a big squirrel Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: and a cat squirrel is small. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of any kind of squirrel called a boomer? 461: No Interviewer: I guess that's that's more of a {NS} I think that's a big squirrel up in the mountains or something. 461: Might be Interviewer: Uh what about something that looks kind of like a squirrel only it it's a little smaller and it has stripes down it's back and? 461: Weasel? Interviewer: {NW} I was thinking of something like um uh you may not have 'em around here do have you ever heard of chipmunk or ground squirrel? 461: Yeah but we don't have 'em here. Interviewer: Okay 461: We might have 'em they're just pets you don't they not wild. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um sort of fish do they get around here? 461: What kind of fish? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Bass. Trout. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: {X} jack fish brown Interviewer: Those are all fresh water fish aren't they? 461: Right Interviewer: Know anything about the the salt water fish? 461: Not much king mackerel snapper gro- mullet barracudas I don't know much about 'em I just know they in salt water. Interviewer: What are some of the other things that people get from the the salt water besides the 461: oysters Interviewer: This is something that you hear making a noise around a pond at night? 461: Frogs Interviewer: Okay what do you call those big ones? 461: Bullfrogs Interviewer: And um what about the the little ones the tiny ones? 461: Rain frogs Interviewer: The kind that hops around on land? 461: That's a toad. Interviewer: If you picked up a rock maybe in a fresh water stream you might see it underneath that it's got claws to it and? 461: A crayfish Interviewer: Okay 461: we call 'em crawfish. Interviewer: What sort of things would you dig up to go fishing with? 461: Worms Interviewer: What different kinds? 461: Earth worms wigglers red worm. Interviewer: What about um the kind of fish you might use for bait? 461: Shiners Interviewer: Those the the small? Well you mentioned the gopher um what else besides a gopher is? 461: Turtles Interviewer: What about the the small one? That gets on land? 461: Box shell turtle Interviewer: And the kind that gets in the water? 461: Soft shell and a loggerhead alligator turtle I guess a snapping turtle. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {NW} We we call 'em the loggerhead. Interviewer: Do you ever heard any other names for them? Did you ever heard cooter? 461: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: What is a cooter exactly? Is that that water or? 461: It's just a country name for a turtle. Interviewer: Any kind of turtle? 461: Uh no I think it would be associated with that box shell or either well I I guess it would be any kind. {NW} Say a cooter got my bait or either you could be driving down the road and says I see a cooter end of the road. Could be a box shell or either well we used to call 'em little stink pots they really got an odor to 'em. Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Yeah it can be fishy be fishing and catch a small turtle they they don't get very big . Interviewer: Just about as big as your hand or? 461: No not that big. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: When you catch 'em somehow they just got an odor. I reckon that's called the reason they call 'em stink pots. I know that that's just the name you know that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. never heard of that before. 461: {NW} Interviewer: Um 461: You know about stink pot {X} {NW} {X} How bout you math Jack you got math tonight? Interviewer: These are some kinds of insects the the kind of insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into the light flies around the light? 461: Candle fly Interviewer: What's that? 461: We call it a candle fly mosquito. Interviewer: Uh-huh a candle fly and mosquito are different. 461: That's right Interviewer: Is there any other name for the candle? 461: There might be I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh what about something that would um get into your wool clothes and eat holes in 'em? 461: Moths {D: we used to pronounce it mofts} M-O-F-T-S. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {D: Mofts} {D: mofts} Interviewer: What would you call just one of 'em? It would be a? 461: Moth Interviewer: An insect that flies around and has a light in it's tail? 461: Lightning bug Interviewer: Okay what about an insect that's got um shiny wings two pairs of shiny wings to it and it's got a body 461: You talking about a mosquito hawk? We used to call 'em skeeter hawks. Interviewer: Okay 461: We're gonna make a country girl out of ya see how we we gonna make a country girl out of you with all this talk. {NW} Interviewer: Skeeter hawk 461: You pretty good ta- country talker anyways skeeter hawks and all that. {NW} Interviewer: And um what kinds of insects will sting you? 461: We used to call 'em wasts. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And bumble bees hornets Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: yellow jackets. Interviewer: Do yellow 461: We used to call 'em yellow jackets. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: What how do they build their nests? 461: What are you talking about a hornet? Interviewer: No the yellow jacket. 461: A hole in the ground or an old stump. Interviewer: What about something that builds a nest out of mud? 461: Dirt dauber Interviewer: Do they sting? 461: I guess Interviewer: You never been stung by one? 461: I don't know about that Randy now I don't know really and uh I know what you talking about but I don't know a don't think I've ever been stung by a dirt dauber. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Speaker 3: They don't sting. Interviewer: What about 461: {X} Interviewer: What about something that say if you went walking through the woods or black berry picking or something the little tiny red insects? 461: Look at that now she knows what a red bug is. Interviewer: {NW} 461: Is that right? Interviewer: That's what I was thinking of. 461: Red bug Interviewer: Okay 461: We called 'em chiggers no now the most common thing around here is a red bug but I have heard chigger somewhere like from Atlanta come down here and get 'em on them they call 'em a chigger. Interviewer: {NW} Okay that that's right that's what I would call it. {NW} Um and an insect that hops around in the grass? 461: That's a grasshopper Interviewer: Did you ever hear those called hoppergrass? 461: {NW} No no what is that? Interviewer: Well that's 461: I mean where did what did they use now now I've heard a few words I'm interested in this I've heared you use a few words you know like you asked me awhile ago but now a hoppergrass is anybody in this country calls 'em hoppergrasses? Interviewer: The people I talked to today black people in south Georgia. 461: A hoppergrass? Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} 461: We need to straighten 'em out we call 'em grasshoppers don't we boy? Interviewer: Well they said peckerwood and hoppergrass. 461: Lord Interviewer: Um 461: What's interesting Barbara I- I'm telling you I'm really Interviewer: Well I- I think that's 461: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: especially black people I'm not 461: yeah Interviewer: I'm not sure. 461: That's like I was telling Maddy you remember when we was in uh North Carolina about Shirley and Wilson say youins Speaker 4: Yes 461: Well I- I she knows it but we don't say that here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm say if you hadn't a room hadn't been cleaned for awhile or up in the in the ceiling in the corner you might find a? 461: Spiderweb Interviewer: What about something outside stretched across a bush. 461: Oh yeah same thing. Interviewer: Okay and um the part of the tree that grows underneath the ground is called the? 461: Root Interviewer: And have you ever heard of using roots or vines for medicine? 461: Yes Interviewer: Do you remember what #1 what some of the roots were? # 461: #2 yes # Sassafras Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Sassafras I don't know what it is I haven't been uh I don't know about that. Only thing I know about is sassafras. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. your parents never did any home remedies or? 461: Yes a lot of 'em. Interviewer: Do you remember what some of the? 461: Sassafras Interviewer: Sassafras what was that taken for? 461: Sa- I believe it was I don't remember now but I think it was uh break the measles out on 'em. Interviewer: The kind of tree that you'd tap for syrup? 461: Maple Interviewer: Okay do you know what what you'd call a a group of those growing together 461: Orchard Interviewer: What sort of trees do you have around here? Just what are some of the common trees around here? 461: Pine oak sweet gum black gum number of kind of oak trees. Live oak turkey oak water oak Interviewer: What's 461: black jack Interviewer: What's the turkey oak? 461: I don't know what it is it's some kind of oak. And I wouldn't know it when I see it but but I do know that it's one of the oak trees. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I've just heard it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And I wouldn't know I don't even know a white oak if I see it but I know a black jack. Interviewer: What's that look like? 461: It's just a little scrub trees down here on the sand hills. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: They don't ever get very big. Interviewer: The kind of tree that is the shade tree it's got um white scaly bark that you can peel off. And it's got 461: That is uh sycamore. Interviewer: The kind of tree that George Washington 461: We used to call a well actually that Washington you'd call 'em sycamore Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: but it's the sycamore. Okay? Interviewer: And the kind that George Washington cut down? 461: Cherry Interviewer: And um I don't know if you have this around here or not but it's a it's a bush or shrub it's got clusters of berries on it and the leaves turn bright red in the fall sumac or shoemake? 461: Yes shoemake Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: shoemake Interviewer: Have you ever heard um the story that the do you know whether you can eat those berries or not? 461: I've heard that you could I don't know I don't think I ever tried it I might have but I'm uh somewhere along the line I've heard that you can eat 'em I mean that rings a bell. Really to say that I've tried it I don't think I did. I don't encourage my children to eat 'em. {NW} But uh they was another story about that too that the juice would make ink. Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Yeah to write with you know or somebody might've tried it with a with a stick or chicken feather or something. Interviewer: I heard that about poke berries when I was little. What kinds of bushes or vines will make your skin break out if you touch 'em? 461: You talking about poison ivy and uh there's another one cow itch we called it. Interviewer: {NW} What's the difference now? What's is there a special special way how can you tell poison ivy when you? 461: Well uh and I I wouldn't know what poison ivy was if I walked out in the woods. Never been had a problem with it. I've been raised in woods but I couldn't tell you the bush if I walked up on it today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Well I couldn't tell you about a cow itch either. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Just you just heard? 461: {NW} Well I've uh yes I've heard about it. Interviewer: And a kind of red berry that you can make shortcake out of? 461: Strawberry Interviewer: And a kind um berries got a rough surface some of 'em are red and some of 'em are black? 461: Blackberries Interviewer: I was thinking of another one it starts with an R. 461: Raspberry Interviewer: Mm-hmm. do you have that around here? 461: No we don't have it around. Interviewer: Say if you were walking through the woods and there was some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those they might be? 461: Poison Interviewer: Do you have a bush around here you call mountain laurel or spoon wood or s- 461: No no Interviewer: rhododendron 461: {NS} No Interviewer: Okay what about a a large tree it's got um shiny leaves on it and big white flowers it's sorta the symbol of the south in a way. 461: It's got big flowers? Interviewer: Uh big white flowers and shiny green leaves. 461: Oh you're not talking about a crepe myrtle are you? Interviewer: I was thinking of um magnolia. 461: Oh yeah yeah magnolia. Interviewer: Is that what you always called it? 461: Yeah magnolia. Interviewer: You ever heard of cow cumber or cucumber tree? 461: No Interviewer: Say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say I have to ask? 461: My husband but now listen some of it's used my ol' man my better half. Interviewer: What would he say? He'd say I have to ask? 461: My wife my ol' lady. Interviewer: And a woman whose husband is dead is called a? 461: Widow Interviewer: #1 What if he just left her? # 461: #2 Now listen # a lot of the the probably most common here's a wider Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: W-I-D-E-R. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: But widow Interviewer: Did you ever hear of um something else say if if they just separated what she'd be called? 461: a widow. Interviewer: Did you ever hear grass widow? 461: Yes {NS} Interviewer: would it- 461: not common but I've heard it. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um the man who's child you are the man who's child you are is called your? 461: My dad Interviewer: Okay 461: Daddy Interviewer: any other? 461: Pa and uh ol' man. I think daddy is most common here now these other names like the ol' man and pa now pa was commonly years ago but it's not now cause I can remember my daddy and people that would be pa and ma but it's daddy now and dad. Interviewer: What about uh 461: Father is very seldom used. Interviewer: His wife would be your? 461: Mama Interviewer: Any other name? 461: Ma momma {NW} mother very seldom used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mother is very seldom used? 461: Yes momma is common. {NW} Interviewer: And together your father and mother are called your? 461: Parents Interviewer: Your father's father is called your? 461: Granddaddy Interviewer: Any other name for him? 461: Grandfather but very you don't see you don't hear that. Interviewer: You don't hear 'em called that or I mean? 461: You don't hear 'em called that. You hear 'em called my granddaddy Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Grandpa oh I don't know probably fifty fifty with that granddaddy and grandpa I I would think there would be granddaddy is used more. It is just like that pa was back years ago But there's a lot of that still left too in grandpa. Interviewer: Would be your? 461: Grandmother Gran ma you don't Speaker 3: Momma 461: Grandmama well {NW} grandmother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I guess that uh now grandmother is uh Interviewer: And um something on wheels that you put a baby in and it'll lie down you call that a? 461: Stroller Interviewer: Or something that it can lie down in? Yeah well it's like a stroller but it's it's 461: Bassinet? Interviewer: Well it's got wheels though. And it it can lie down. 461: Carriage Interviewer: Okay and you'd say you put the baby in the carriage and then you'd go out and what the baby? 461: Push Interviewer: Okay and um say if had two children you might say you had a son and a? 461: Daughter Interviewer: Or a boy and a? 461: Girl Interviewer: And um if a woman were gonna have a child you'd say that she's? 461: Pregnant Interviewer: Okay did they use that word when you were growing up or do people 461: #1 No no # Interviewer: #2 say that as much # 461: {X} you know they used the word big. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: They did if they said well did you know that Suzie is big? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: That means to say that she is pregnant. Interviewer: Does that sound kind of vulgar to you now? 461: Oh yeah I mean it's my gracious I don't know how it sounds. Interviewer: It it just sort of it would shock you if someone said that now. 461: Yeah but they did then and {B} {NS} Used to say big Speaker 4: Yeah or there was a baby. 461: Yeah see Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} any other expressions? Joking expressions or 461: They were serious about that big. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I mean it wasn't joking in other words they say she's big well you knew that she's I knew that she was gonna have a baby. I mean young. I didn't hear pregnant much. I think that they were I don't know whether my parents were trying to say big rather than to say pregnant they thought probably pregnant was vulgar oh you see. I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the word um big used as a verb? 461: What's that? Interviewer: Did you ever hear the word big used as a verb? 461: Beg? Interviewer: Big 461: Big? Interviewer: Meaning im- impregnate I guess. 461: Yeah Interviewer: You heard it as a as a verb too? It's not that important I just heard someone mention it. 461: When I let me ask me how you would use that now? Interviewer: Someone told me that that they used to hear people say uh like meaning um that that man was the father you say that man has bigged her. Did you ever hear that? 461: Yes sir Interviewer: #1 You heard it used used that way # 461: #2 yeah yeah # yes sir Interviewer: Does that sounds vulgar to you too? 461: Yeah it was used that way. Interviewer: Say if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman that you might send for would be a? 461: Granny Interviewer: Okay and other name for her? 461: Yes uh granny woman and what is that uh uh I forget these things uh you can see that I don't see 'em. I don't hear 'em much often but they some words that's used. If you'd just remind me I'd tell you whether Interviewer: Did you hear midwife? 461: Yeah right. Interviewer: That was it? 461: But now years ago {X} when I say these things it's changed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Okay now when I was born forty two we'll say forty years ag- well no I had to be let's say thirty years ago I would have been twelve years old. Thirty years ago granny woman was common. Now then you still hear midwife but you don't never say go get the granny woman midwives are used now unless somebody joking and they'll say we gonna have to get the granny woman. But now they still use midwives Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But that's changed but thirty years ago granny woman was was common. Interviewer: Say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has and the same shaped nose you'd say that he? 461: Well uh he uh {NW} look like or favors or takes after. Well I say he looks like. Interviewer: What if he has the same behavior? 461: Acts like Interviewer: Are there any expressions that are used sort of disapprovingly like {NW} if his father hadn't been you know say the son is acquiring his father's bad habits? 461: Yes Interviewer: What? 461: Uh well I say that he would drink just like his daddy just a sod a drunk. Or either if he didn't seem to work you know some people don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: and it's just handed down looks like. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Says he's just like his daddy no good. Interviewer: Would you say he favors his daddy then 461: No Interviewer: or takes after? 461: Takes after takes after Interviewer: Uh-huh say if the child was misbehaving you might tell him if you do that again you're gonna get a?\ 461: Whipping Interviewer: Okay what else besides whipping might you tell 'em? 461: Spanking Interviewer: Is which is more severe? 461: I say uh whipping. Uh would be whipping is more severe. Interviewer: Anything worse than a whipping? 461: I don't I reckon Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: but uh I don't know uh I think you gonna get a beating I don't think that would be any different than a whipping. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. say if um if Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob what a lot in one year? 461: He growed a lot but he grew. Interviewer: A woman that's not married is called a? 461: Um {D: okay a woodscoat.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: Now that was very common and it still is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: But uh that's it. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 461: I've heard it but I think it was a curse profanity. Interviewer: What's that? 461: Bastard Interviewer: That that has wider meaning. 461: Yeah so is there other names that's been used for that I I not {D: I might remember but I know wood- woodscoat was common.} Interviewer: {D: Yeah woodscoat was.} Um and you say your brother's son would be called your? 461: My brother's son? Interviewer: Well his 461: Nephew Interviewer: Huh? 461: Nephew Interviewer: Okay and a child that's lost both parents is called a? 461: Orphan Interviewer: And um the person appointed to look after the orphan is his? 461: Guardian Interviewer: Say if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my? 461: Kinfolk Interviewer: Okay any other word? 461: I don't think so Interviewer: Okay {Audio gets warped from here on out} and you say um well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no? 461: Kin Interviewer: And um someone who comes into town but nobody's ever seen him before you'd say you'd be a? 461: {X} Interviewer: What if he came from a different country? {X} 461: No he'd be a foreigner but now they'd call him a foreigner. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: I said I've never been I've never had a chance to talk to a college student. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: How old are you? Interviewer: Nineteen 461: Nineteen? Okay Interviewer: Um nickname for a boy named William would be? 461: Bill Interviewer: Or add a yY to it it'd be? 461: Billy Interviewer: And um the first book in the New Testament? 461: Uh Genesis Interviewer: Or New Testament? 461: Oh in the New Testament Matthew. Interviewer: And um a woman who conducts school is called a? 461: A woman that conducts school? Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Say teacher Interviewer: Did you ever hear any ol' fashion name for a woman teacher? Uh school marm or school miss or? 461: No Interviewer: And um this is a a name of um well family name but it's the name of a barrel maker. 461: A barrel maker? Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Just like a carter somebody that used to push a cart I guess. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: And makes barrels? Interviewer: But did you ever hear the name cooper or cooper? {C: pronunciation} 461: Yeah well now I've heard hooper that's what I was fixing to say because a hoops is on a barrel I would say hooper. Now there's a cooper they we have people by the name of I've heard both names but the hooper is not common now. I heard it some where else. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: But cooper Interviewer: uh-huh 461: is uh it's a it's a local name here. Interviewer: uh-huh what would you call a married woman with that name? She'd be? 461: Mrs. Cooper Interviewer: uh-huh 461: And Mrs Hooper Interviewer: uh-huh is was that what you'd normally say or would you how would you say that? 461: I'd say it if she was married I'd say Mrs Hooper or Mrs Cooper. Interviewer: uh-huh and um a preacher that's not very well trained doesn't make his living preaching does something else for a living just sort of preaches on Sunday here and there um is not really very good at preaching what might you say about him? 461: You're not talking about a well we we call them kind that uh don't preach every sunday part time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm well that's that's 461: And then a layman is not a pr- well he's not a preacher a layman. Interviewer: Well that's that doesn't really imply that that they are not good a preaching though is there any word or expression you'd use to to mean that they're they're part time but they are also not very good? 461: No I don't know about that. Interviewer: What about um jackleg 461: #1 Oh well now listen # Interviewer: #2 or shake tree? # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 461: Uh I thought that maybe what you was asking about I've never heard it associated with a preacher but now okay I need somebody to come do some plumbing. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Okay he comes and he he just does uh uh shaggy job Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I say he was a jackleg he doesn't know what he was doing. Uh but you call tell the person that would come that would be a professional. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: A jackleg is he can do this or do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And he can't do anything good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay? But now I've never heard it with a preacher Interviewer: Well what 461: never. Interviewer: What else have you heard it with besides a plumber? 461: Most any any other like a carpenter Interviewer: uh-huh 461: plumber mechanic Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about say a doctor? 461: No Interviewer: Lawyer? 461: No {NW} Interviewer: And um what relation- 461: Well I tell you what I'm getting back to that preacher just call him sorry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Is all I know. Like a lawyer he's sorry. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: But now a jackleg you talking about a trade uh like a mechanic or a carpenter. Now that's how it has been associated in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: with me. {NW} Interviewer: And um what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 461: Your mother's sister your aunt. Interviewer: Okay did you ever hear that word pronounced any different? 461: Aunt A-N-T Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Aunt Interviewer: Who would say aunt? 461: I don't know some stranger {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh no one around here would? 461: Ant no aunt would be somebody that was from up north. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yankee {NW} Interviewer: And um name of the the wife of Abraham? 461: Oh my now Interviewer: It starts with a S. 461: Abraham? Interviewer: uh-huh speaker#3: Sarah speaker#4: Abraham Lincoln 461: No I say Sarah Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: I guessed. Interviewer: Boy named Bill his full name would be? 461: William Interviewer: Mm-kay and if your father had a brother and you called him by his full name he'd be your? 461: Uncle Interviewer: Uncle what? 461: John Interviewer: Or or his you call him by his his full name he'd be 461: Oh uncle uncle John {Beep} Interviewer: Mm-kay and um the highest rank in the army is? 461: General Interviewer: And beneath that is? 461: Colonel Interviewer: Mm-kay and what do they call a person in charge of a ship? 461: Captain Interviewer: Mm-kay have you ever heard that word captain used in other situations? 461: Oh yeah Interviewer: Hmm? 461: Yeah Interviewer: How how? 461: Baseball team Interviewer: uh-huh what about say um colored people to white people? 461: They used to uh yeah they would uh they would captain white people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm just anybody or? Any 461: Well I would say pretty most uh superiors. Interviewer: Mm-hmm people that work for us. 461: Right Interviewer: And um {NW} a person who presides over a court is called a? 461: Judge Interviewer: And a person who goes to school is a? 461: A student Interviewer: Okay would you use that word student if you were talking about say a second grader? 461: Yes Interviewer: Mm-kay you wouldn't say anything like pupil or scholar or? 461: It's been a I that name has been used but I wouldn't. Interviewer: uh-huh and a woman who works in an office and does the typing and so forth she'd be a? 461: Secretary Interviewer: A man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a? 461: Actress Interviewer: And if your nationality is? 461: Mine? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: American Interviewer: Huh? 461: American Interviewer: Mm-kay and um say if it was kind of um icy outside you'd say I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I like? 461: To have fell. Interviewer: Say the whole thing. 461: Down? Interviewer: Yeah well I slipped and I? 461: Like to have fell down. Interviewer: Mm-kay um is that what you normally would say? 461: Well no well no I like I would like to have fell cause you know you gonna go one way. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: And that's down. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to to know how many times I did something you might ask say how how frequently I went into town you might ask me how? 461: How many times did you go into town? Interviewer: Or how what do you go many? You want to know how frequently you might ask me how? 461: Many times do you go into town? Interviewer: Or how of-? 461: How often do you go into town? Interviewer: Mm-kay and um talking about parts of the body um this part of my head is called my? 461: Forward Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: Let's see now listen that used to be fard probably F-A-R-D Interviewer: uh-huh but what would you call it now? 461: Forehead Interviewer: Mm-kay and this is my? 461: Hair Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a? 461: Beard Interviewer: And um #1 this is my? # 461: #2 Whiskers # Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: Right on the end here would be whiskers. Interviewer: uh-huh and this is the? 461: Ear Interviewer: Which one? 461: Left ear Interviewer: Say the whole thing. 461: That's your left ear. Interviewer: And this is my? 461: Your right ear. {NW} Interviewer: And this is the? 461: Mouth Interviewer: And this? 461: Neck Interviewer: And this part? 461: Throat Interviewer: What about goozle? 461: Yes Interviewer: What's that? Do you ever use that word goozle? 461: No how in the has been used? I know it is is a I don't I don't say now this is your goozle it's your throat. My throat so I don't say my goozle sore. Interviewer: But it means the same thing as throat? The 461: #1 I would think so. # Interviewer: #2 inside or outside. # 461: Inside goozle Interviewer: uh-huh and these are your? 461: Teeth Interviewer: And this is one? 461: Tooth Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth? 461: Gum Interviewer: And um you say this is my? 461: Hand Interviewer: And I have two? 461: Hands Interviewer: And this part of my hand? 461: Palm Interviewer: And this is? 461: Used to be pam Interviewer: Pan? 461: Pam Interviewer: Pam 461: used to. Interviewer: uh-huh this is my? 461: Fist Interviewer: And two? 461: fist used to be fists F-I-S-T-S Interviewer: uh-huh you ever hear fistis? 461: Yes Interviewer: Did you ever say that yourself? 461: Yes I've said it a lot of times. Interviewer: And uh a place where the bones come together is called a? 461: Joint Interviewer: And on a man the upper part of his body is his? 461: Chest Interviewer: And these are the? 461: Shoulders and that little thing here is your adam's apple Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's not the same as the goozle. 461: Well I don't know I don't think so this is adam's apple and there's a certain portion along here somewhere where it would be called a goozle. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: But this is adam's apple. speaker#4: Where? 461: Right here this little thing. speaker#4: Where? Interviewer: {NW} speaker#4: #1 Right there? # 461: #2 No right here # speaker#4: #1 # 461: #2 # speaker#4: {X} Interviewer: Swallow you can feel it moving up and down. 461: Swallow Feel it move? Interviewer: And you say um this is my? 461: Leg Interviewer: And this bone here is the? 461: Shin Interviewer: And this is my? 461: Foot Interviewer: And I have two? 461: Feet Interviewer: And if I get down in this position you say I? 461: You kneel oh a squat. Interviewer: uh-huh any other expression for that? 461: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Did you ever hear hunker? 461: Yeah yes Interviewer: How would you say that? 461: Hunker on his knees. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Some fella can hunker on his knees for a whole day. Interviewer: Does hunker mean the same as squat? 461: Yes yes Interviewer: Did you ever hear a name for this back part of your thigh? Did you ever hear that called hunkers or haunches or something like that? 461: Haunches Interviewer: Or did you 461: No yeah yeah uh yeah I've heard it called haunches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm did you ever hear down on his haunches? 461: You're right right. That's the same thing as hunker and to squat. Interviewer: uh-huh and say if um how how would you say that if someone is how how would you use that? 461: Uh well now if I I don't say I've heard of hunker Interviewer: uh-huh 461: and on his haunches. And associated with animals like uh haunches is the back portion of his leg above his knee. Uh a fella well I I think about a fella that uh works on my mechanic or small engine he can hunker Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: or squat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I'd say squat but hunker's very seldom used now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um say if someone had been sick for awhile you might say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit? 461: Pinky Interviewer: Huh? 461: Pale Interviewer: Mm-kay and um someone who's in good shape um can who's healthy you'd say that he's big and? 461: Healthy Interviewer: Or he can lift heavy weights and so forth you'd say he's? 461: Strong Interviewer: Mm-kay um any other words? 461: Husky I don't think that I mean it wouldn't be strong Interviewer: What would husky be? 461: Stout Interviewer: Huh? 461: Well I don't said that strong stout Interviewer: What does stout mean? Does that how do how do you think of all those words husky or strong or stout? 461: Husky means big I don't mean I mean uh uh husky fella here's a husky boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} 461: And strong and stout somebody that uh could lift a heavy load. Interviewer: Does stout mean sort of a {NW} Mm-kay do you any other words you'd use? 461: Plain crazy {NW} Interviewer: Hmm? 461: He's just plain crazy. Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever say he's a fool? Would you use that word fool? 461: Uh well it is how you said that he kept on doing things. Interviewer: Or ha- have you do you use the word fool at all? 461: Yes somebody that drives fast okay now here's a good example Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: driving an automobile reckless or fast you know what I'm talking about? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well he's a fool he should know better. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: He's a fool. Interviewer: And um someone who has a lot of money but uh won't spend any money at all you'd say that he's a? 461: Stingy Interviewer: Or say that he is a? 461: Tight wad Interviewer: Okay and when you use the word common about a person what does that mean? 461: Common? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I'd say that he was average Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: person in the surrounding area. Interviewer: Mm-hmm It is not an insulting then to to be called common or? 461: Well I guess maybe I I would say that it is just a slight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Because anybody I think it's the nature of a person to want to be just a little higher than the next one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I don't know I don't know why now they say if if I'm a common person in Wausau Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: well I go along with it but I feel you know what I'm talking about? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I think there's a slight insult. Interviewer: Yeah what if you said that a girl is very common? Does that take on another meaning? 461: Yes low Interviewer: Does it have more of a sexual meaning or? Does {NW} 461: Uh #1 well it could be associated that way. # Interviewer: #2 or do do you think of it that way? # 461: No well in a in a way definitely sex comes in. Interviewer: uh-huh you think of it more as a moral #1 meaning immoral or # 461: #2 Right right # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: And um say if you were talking about person who maybe up in his eighties but still gets around real well for his age still real active you say well I don't care how old he is he's he's mighty what for his age? 461: I'd say active. Interviewer: Mm-kay any other words you've heard? 461: Mm well able to get around Interviewer: uh-huh 461: for his age. That is very commonly used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: More than active in this community yeah what I'm talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Cause they's a lotta old people Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: like you said that are able to get around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but Interviewer: What about a word like spry or feisty or peppy? 461: Well uh that last word is not never used what you say? Interviewer: Peppy 461: Peppy? Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Oh maybe use sometimes but. Interviewer: None of those sound real familiar? 461: No no he gets around real real well to be as old as he is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or is he's real active. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: To be eighty years old just like the lady you's talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: She's real active. Interviewer: And say if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess 461: Well let me talk let me tell you something I know that you in here uh trying get us some information but uh I feel like that the biggest percentage of the people in the Wausau area Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: now I know what kind of people that I'm talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: If you went and sit down with them tonight and ask them this question they say well he he he's mighty spry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They wouldn't say peppy I don't think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But I think they would use the word spry quite a bit. Uh like I like I say uh I just I would say that he was real active for that age. #1 But no you not # Interviewer: #2 Does spry # 461: you not getting 'em in me like I say I don't think ya hunting that any way but you not getting a a real a true meaning of the this particular word and they's other things that I've heard that you ask that the biggest portion of the people in Wausau would say one thing whether I might say another I might trying to say I do know I do know those people. Interviewer: You'd say you'd say something different cause you're younger? Or 461: #1 Well what level of educated # Interviewer: #2 you're better educated or? # 461: education that I have. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Then another thing is most people's got T-V Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and you hear this and uh a lot of people don't go to church. You asked me some questions in here about the Bible Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but I I know because I go to church Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but they some that don't go and they wouldn't know that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh then they's other questions you ask that's just like the other day when you ask me about wet rock or wet rock. I could take you right now to I would I would bet my last dollar if you asked a fella what it was he'd tell you wet rock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: right tonight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay Interviewer: That's interesting cause I mean that that you can comment on you know what 461: Mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 what older people would tell you. # 461: #2 Well I feel like that's what you # Interviewer: Yeah yeah that that's just the type of thing 461: And then there's words like I said that we used to say Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh well I used to say whit rock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but uh and that was thirty years ago when I was old enough to realize I used it for awhile until I got up to know and learn what it wasn't wet it was the wet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well now and then I started using it and I don't use it that particular word. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Where as these people still back behind me use it. I mean you know Interviewer: Yeah 461: less educated. Interviewer: Say um say if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there is anything wrong but still I can't help but feeling a little? 461: Worried or upset. Interviewer: Or a little? 461: They're out late at night? Interviewer: uh-huh you say you wouldn't feel easy about it you'd say you feel? 461: Uneasy Interviewer: Huh? 461: Uneasy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now listen uh I don't think that we would say that well I'm a little unea- we wouldn't say that we uneasy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now our boys been out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I'd I'd say that we worried about 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: well it would actually be uneasy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: we don't I just don't use that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you might say well it's going to be alright just don't? 461: Worry Interviewer: And um that y'all might say I'm not going upstairs in the dark I'm? 461: Scared Interviewer: Mm-kay and um you might say well I don't understand why she's scared now she what's the opposite of used to be? You'd say I don't see why she's scared now she? 461: Used to be. Interviewer: Or meaning that before she hadn't been. 461: I know what you mean Interviewer: Using the how do you what's the opposite of used to be the expression used to be? 461: Now Interviewer: uh-huh but I'm wondering if you'd say something like usen't to be or didn't use to be or? 461: Well uh Interviewer: #1 use not # 461: #2 okay # Interviewer: to be or how? 461: Well wait a minute okay now uh somebody could say I'm scared to go out to that barn. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Say it's my boy here now he's a say one of sixteen-year-old I say son go out and feed the horse Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: he says I'm scared to go out there. Well I said uh why are you scared now you used to didn't be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: So I I guess that uh that's what you want I don't know what it would be. Interviewer: That that's what I was wondering about. Say um someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door you say he's mighty? 461: Careless Interviewer: And um you say well there is nothing really wrong with aunt Lizzie but sometimes she acts kind of? 461: Uh uh out of her head out of her mind losing her mind. Interviewer: Did you ever use the word like queer or queer? {C: pronunciation} 461: Well that word has been used but I I I never have used it much. I've heard it and might of used it but it really didn't mean it. Interviewer: #1 How did you? # 461: #2 Acting queer # different. Interviewer: How did how did how was it used how did what did it mean? 461: Well I've I've used I've heard the a the word queer used uh the way you talking about it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: And uh I've also use- I heard it used in the sense of sex. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear it used as a um as a noun you know say so and so was a queer? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Before it it had a sexual meaning. Meaning someone calling saying 461: #1 Yeah it was a # Interviewer: #2 he's a queer meaning # 461: they did it for just to a a well it was identification of that person. Somebody said it uh um well what I'm talking about as a queer. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Uh downgrade Interviewer: mm-hmm {NW} 461: #1 But # Interviewer: #2 It would # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 461: I don't know now listen I tell you something else now It's according I used to I would be uh well I used to drink Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: and this particular environment Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: you would hear these words {NW} used. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: But now I mean uh the uh association with the people that I I mean the the people that I associate with now they have no reason to use that word. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: And it's been years since I've heard it used. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: But there you go again you take people around the bar room or somewhere like that that would use this word queer I'm talking about Interviewer: mm-hmm meaning this having sexual meaning? 461: That's right Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: But uh they never did do it with the true meaning they would just say well he was a he was a queer this is where it's associated with sex. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: And then aunt Lucy's queer now see I didn't mean to say that she was queer. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: I mean in this sex meaning but she was she acted queer like it she is crazy or a wasn't just right. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Had no sex implication at all. Interviewer: mm-hmm and um say someone who is real sure of his doing things his way you know won't listen to anyone else won't there's no use of arguing with 'em cause 461: Bull headed Interviewer: Huh? 461: Bull-headed Interviewer: Okay any other words like that? 461: Stubborn Interviewer: Okay and somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? 461: Um speaker#3: Headstrong 461: I guess so I don't know. Interviewer: Or say if there's um there's one subject that um you know that you you can't tease someone about you know like you say um 461: Okay well now she can dish it out but she can't take it Interviewer: Or you say you you better not um 461: Joke with her Interviewer: Your or bring that subject up with her she's awfully when it comes to that she's still awfully? 461: Sensitive Interviewer: Yeah that that's the meaning. 461: Touchy Interviewer: mm-kay um 461: That's a touchy subject with her. Interviewer: Yeah that's that's what I was getting at. Um and you might say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so? 461: Take it so seriously. Interviewer: Or he'd get so 461: Aggravated. Interviewer: mm-hmm or all the sudden he just got real? 461: Uh mad Interviewer: mm-kay 461: now they wouldn't say angry I mean he'd get mad Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Okay Interviewer: Would you what is the difference to you between angry and mad? 461: Angry is just a more uh sophisticated name for mad. Interviewer: And say if someone was about to lose there temper you might tell 'em to just keep? 461: Cool Interviewer: Or keep? 461: Keep your cool. Interviewer: Or another thing you might say? 461: Calm Interviewer: Huh? 461: Calm Interviewer: Okay and say if you had been working very hard you'd say that you were very? 461: Tired Interviewer: Any other expression? 461: Pooped Interviewer: mm-kay or you might say if you were really tired you'd say I'm just completely? 461: Exhausted Interviewer: Or using the expression wear out you say I'm just completely 461: Wore out you'd say completely wore out. Interviewer: mm-kay and say if um 461: That's commonly used Interviewer: uh-huh 461: very common now. Interviewer: Say if someone came home early from from school you might say well the the school nurse sent him home because he what sick he? 461: Was sick The nurse? Interviewer: Yeah or you might say he he was sick well you say um say if someone was in the hospital you might ask well well he was looking fine yesterday when was it that he? 461: Took sick Interviewer: mm-kay and um say if a person had been out in the rain and came in and was sneezing and his eyes were running and nose was running you'd say that he? 461: Taking a bad cold. Interviewer: That he what? 461: Taking a bad cold. Interviewer: Or if it had already happened you'd say he what? 461: Caught Interviewer: Hmm? 461: Caught a bad cold. Interviewer: mm-kay and if it affected his voice you'd say he sounds kind of 461: It affects his voice? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 461: #2 Horse # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: mm-kay and if you go {NW} like that you say you have a? 461: Cough Interviewer: And um say if had gotten someone some medicine and then you went in you might ask um why haven't you? 461: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: And you might say I already? 461: Took it Interviewer: And in another house I'll? 461: Take some more. Interviewer: And if you can't hear anything at all you say you're? 461: Deaf Interviewer: And um say if a man had been out working and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I? 461: I say sweated. Interviewer: mm-kay a little sore that comes to a head is called a? 461: Pimple Interviewer: Or another name? 461: Blister boil Interviewer: mm-kay and um when a boil opens the stuff that drains out is called? 461: Puss Interviewer: Okay and she'd say um a bee stung me in my hand 461: A bee stung in on my hand. Interviewer: and my hand if you say it got bigger you'd say my hand? 461: Swelled Interviewer: And you say it's still pretty badly? 461: Swollen Interviewer: And you say if a bee stings you your hand will? 461: Swell {NW} Interviewer: And when you open a blister the liquid that comes out is called? 461: I call it water. Interviewer: mm-kay and say if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the? 461: Wound Interviewer: mm-kay and you know sometimes a wound doesn't heal back right and it's got to be cut out or burned out do you know what I mean? 461: Cut out Interviewer: Or did you did you ever hear a name for that some kind of flesh? 461: Proud flesh Interviewer: mm-kay and 461: Do you got to get up okay. Interviewer: Say if um if you had a little cut on your finger brown liquid medicine that you could put on? 461: Iodine Interviewer: mm-kay and you know 461: We used to call that rodine Interviewer: Huh? 461: Used to call it rodine Interviewer: mm-kay what about a a real bitter white powder that you used to give? 461: Quinine Interviewer: Okay anything you used to call that? 461: No Interviewer: Do you quinine quinine you? 461: No quinine. Interviewer: Do you know any crude ways of saying that a person died? 461: Crude ways to say that he died? Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Uh no I don't I don't think so I I know words that used he passed away expired Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Died passed on Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: I don't know of a crude way. Does anybody use such things? Interviewer: I was saying something like kicked the 461: Oh kicked the bucket? Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Well I I mean I don't I guess it is a word uh crude way to say it but. Interviewer: That's not really serious or 461: No they wouldn't uh well it well what it is it says when I kick the bucket I want you to get me some flowers. Interviewer: Yeah 461: But you don't hardly ever hear Interviewer: You don't say it when it actually happens. 461: No uh you say my neighbor kicked the bucket you know call his name but say you say well Barbara when I when I kicked the bucket send me a dozen roses. Well you know jokingly like that. Interviewer: Yeah 461: But I never heard it used seriously. Interviewer: mm-hmm Say if um you might say well he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he's died? 461: From Interviewer: Okay 461: or with. Interviewer: And what would you probably say? 461: I'd say from. Interviewer: Huh? 461: I would say from. Interviewer: uh-huh and a place where people are buried is called a? 461: Cemetery Interviewer: What about an older? 461: Yes sir graveyard. Interviewer: mm-kay 461: Now I'm gonna tell you what I'd say well when I was a young boy very seldom you'd hear the word cemetery used it would be graveyard. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: They gonna have a graveyard working or cemetery working see this is where the people in the community goes and cleans up the cemetery Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: cuts the grass and everything. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Just a few weeks ago I went to a cemetery working Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: years ago it would have been a graveyard working. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Okay? Interviewer: What about what they put the body in? 461: Used to be coffin Interviewer: What do you call it now? 461: Casket Interviewer: mm-kay 461: Now let me tell you that word coffin was very common. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: I know thirty years ago Interviewer: Casket is just a very recent word? 461: That's right. Interviewer: What about the ceremony? 461: Funeral Interviewer: mm-kay And if people are dressed in black? 461: Wait a minute now Barbara wait a minute I'm a tell you thirty years ago we would go uh okay did you go to the uh so and so Ms. Jones died Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: did you go to the burying? Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Down at Barfield cem- uh graveyard? Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Burying B-E-A-R-I-N-G I guess it was a burying. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: But now then it's a funeral. Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} 461: Now this is something that you may not uh I mean have in the record but that was a common thing in this area was a burying. Interviewer: Okay and what about when people are dressed in black? What do you say about them at at a funeral? 461: Sorrow Interviewer: You say that they're in? 461: Sympathy Interviewer: Or they're maybe the family you say that they're dressed in black you say that they're in? 461: Mourning Interviewer: mm-kay did would you have an expression for say if someone you could say that they're in mourning or what if they just completely lose control of themselves? 461: Hysterical emotional Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Uh wait a minute let's see what do they uh Interviewer: Taking on or 461: #1 Oh yeah taking on # Interviewer: #2 carrying on # 461: taking on taking on. Oh they really had to they was really taking on. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Okay that's it taking on. Interviewer: What does that mean exactly taking on? 461: Emotional hysterical crying hollow. Interviewer: You think of it as being sincere though don't you? 461: No Interviewer: You don't? 461: I not now I don't. Used to I did. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: There's a lot there's a lot of put on. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: {X} I can't help but believe it but uh it's an act. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Really a lot of it. There's some seriousness to it Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: but the biggest uh portion of that now is a put on. Interviewer: And um 461: And it was then but I didn't know it. Interviewer: Oh so so people haven't changed you just gotten more? 461: That's right. That's right. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: People hadn't changed. Interviewer: Um on an average sort of day if someone asks you how your feeling you'd say? 461: Now? Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Yeah I'd say fine. Yeah uh feeling good. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: I guess uh well now people that we could go down now we could take a survey in Wausau biggest portion walk in the door and say how you feeling tonight. They don't they'd either say good or I feel bad. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: They wouldn't say fine. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Very some may. Interviewer: uh-huh um you know this this is a well when you're getting old and your joints start giving you trouble you say you got? 461: Old age Interviewer: #1 Or? # 461: #2 Arthritis # Interviewer: mm-kay anything people used to say or did they say arthritis? 461: Rheumatism Interviewer: mm-kay what about a a disease that children used to die from they they'd choke up in the night they'd get blisters on the inside of their throat? 461: Croup Interviewer: Or worse than that. Well like you wouldn't remember any children dying from it but did you ever hear dip- 461: Diphtheria Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Yeah I heard of it but I never you know personally uh known of a case. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: But I've heard of diphtheria I I've took shots once. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 461: Yellow? Jaundice. Used to call it yellow jaundice. {NW} Oh Interviewer: And when you have a a pain down here and you have to have an operation you say you've got? 461: Appendi- citis Interviewer: mm-kay any? 461: Wait a minute used to call it a {NW} died with a appendicitis. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Appendi- appendicitis Interviewer: uh-huh 461: That's right. Interviewer: And um say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up you'd say he had to? 461: Vomit used to say puke. Interviewer: Was is puke cruder sounding to you? 461: Yeah nasty vomit uh to me is uh uh more of uh sophisticated word for I mean more than Interviewer: #1 More neutral # 461: #2 puke. # Interviewer: sounding or? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Any other word besides vomit or? 461: Puke Heave Interviewer: Is heave sort of crude sounding or #1 or does it sound alright to you? # 461: #2 No it sounds better than puke puke is # nasty. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: I never did like to use that and then when I was using it I knew there was something wrong about it. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: I felt like there was. I was ashamed to use it in certain places. Interviewer: mm-hmm and if someone vomited you'd say he was sick where? 461: On his stomach Interviewer: Huh? 461: Oh his stomach Interviewer: Okay and um say if a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl kept on going over to her house and so forth you'd say that he was? 461: Going steady Interviewer: mm-kay isn't that sort of a modern word? 461: Going regular Interviewer: Huh? 461: It's modern going steady Interviewer: uh-huh 461: um used to they used to say that they're going regular. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: But now then they go steady. Interviewer: uh-huh and he would be called her? 461: Steady uh boyfriend Interviewer: mm-kay and she would be his? 461: Girlfriend Interviewer: And if a boy came home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say that he had been? 461: Uh smooching Interviewer: Any other words? 461: Uh kissing or something like that. Interviewer: And um when the girl stops let the boy come over to see her you'd say she? 461: Broke off Interviewer: mm-kay um and you say well he asked her to marry him but she 461: Refused Interviewer: mm-kay and you say 461: Said no Interviewer: mm-kay 461: you know refused. Interviewer: Or you say they were engaged and all the sudden she? 461: Broke up Interviewer: mm-kay any other words like turned him down or guilted him or gave him the gate or? 461: Oh yeah um dear john. Interviewer: Hmm? 461: Uh when you when they broke up Interviewer: uh-huh 461: She uh {NW} turned him out and let him out or let him down or Interviewer: uh-huh 461: give 'em a dear john you know what old song. {NW} Broke up Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Split up Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: #1 you can split up. # Interviewer: #2 At a # at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called the? 461: Best man Interviewer: And the woman that stands up with the bride? 461: Bridesmaids Interviewer: mm-kay any 461: Probably we fixing to get ready to eat so okay turn your tape off. speaker#3: I'm gonna ask you this before you leave you gotta start Interviewer: Yeah go ahead speaker#3: Uh what will you whenever you finish this graduate school at what how or what will you do? I mean in this study how is that gonna how how you gonna apply to this to your career really? 461: Yeah well you're a student uh? In a way how can you afford to come down and stay where in a cheaper motel? Interviewer: Oh they I'm on an expense account 461: Oh yeah Interviewer: So 461: Who's expense account? Interviewer: Emory University in national endowment for the humanities. 461: Oh Interviewer: I couldn't afford it on my own. 461: I was wondering you know Interviewer: Um do you remember um though this would have been before your time but do you remember hearing about um say when people in a community would get married um other people would um ring ring cow bells or fire off a pistol? 461: Serenades Interviewer: Huh? 461: Serenade Interviewer: mm-kay do do you remember what that was like? 461: No now I never did experience any of that but I heard about it I knew what they's talking about. Interviewer: And um 461: Shoot a gun up through the top of the house Interviewer: {NW} Did they do that? 461: Oh they done everything I think. speaker#3: {X} I've heard um put say sand spurs Interviewer: uh-huh speaker#3: in their bed like the was gonna {X} {NW} Yeah but while the ceremony was going on they would go in fill the fill the bed full of sand spurs. Or somebody hide in in a another room in the house you know Interviewer: uh-huh speaker#3: {X} then they get sand spurs. {NW} Interviewer: Um say there was trouble at a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the? 461: Whole bunch Interviewer: And um what young people go out in in the evening and move around on the floor to music you call that a? 461: Dance Interviewer: Do you remember um names for different kinds of dances? 461: Charleston Interviewer: mm-kay 461: jitterbug {NW} Interviewer: Do you remember um 461: Two step Interviewer: uh-huh what about a dance that they'd hold at home? Did you ever hear any? 461: Square dance Interviewer: mm-kay and um say if children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four o'clock school does what? 461: Well we used to say sch- turns out. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: But schools out a four oh clock. Interviewer: Would would you say turns out now? 461: No Interviewer: And after vacation children might ask when does school? 461: Start Interviewer: And um say if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up that day you'd say he? 461: Was tardy Interviewer: Anything else? 461: Played hooky Interviewer: mm-kay and um say after high school you go on to? 461: College Interviewer: And um after kindergarten you going to the? 461: Elementary school Interviewer: But which? 461: First grade Interviewer: mm-kay is that what they used to call it when you were little? Did you ever hear primer or 461: Well yeah oh yeah. Interviewer: {X} 461: Well this was this primer was before the fist grade. Interviewer: How did that go? 461: You never did go to well now the way I uh the first school I went to was a primer. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Then I went to the first grade. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: So I don't know I guess uh if they have a kindergarten then it would be primer Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Kindergarten primer and first grade. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: But now I didn't have a kindergarten. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: I went to primer to primer. Interviewer: Huh 461: I was a book too. You had a book that said P-R-I-M-E-R I believe. Interviewer: Huh 461: A little thin book Interviewer: uh-huh 461: had to read that or do something you know I don't know all the way through it or something. Well you started there then you went to first grade. Interviewer: I see and you say years ago children sat on benches but now they sit on? 461: Sit on benches? Interviewer: Yeah years ago they sat on benches at school but now they sit at? 461: Desk Interviewer: mm-kay and each child has his own? 461: Desk Interviewer: And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the? 461: Library Interviewer: And to mail a package you'd go to the? 461: Post office Interviewer: And you'd stay over night in a strange town at a? 461: Motel or hotel. Interviewer: And um you see a play or a movie at a? 461: Theater Interviewer: And if you were real sick you might have to go into the? 461: Hospital Interviewer: And the woman that'd take care of you? 461: Nurse Interviewer: And um you catch a train at the? 461: Depot Interviewer: Say if there's a an intersection and there's a house it say there's a house at this corner and there's a house over hear you know diagonally across the street from it 461: mm-hmm Interviewer: say that these houses sit how from each other? 461: {NW} {X} Interviewer: mm-kay how else do you use that word? 461: What? Interviewer: How else tell me how you use that word what what that word means and? 461: Well uh {NW} I think that just by direction of movement I mean um I if I if I'll say this if I would uh {NW} if I was going this way it would be straight across this table. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NW} 461: Anniegogglyn Interviewer: If it curved sort of? 461: Well yeah Interviewer: uh-huh 461: yeah it curved. Interviewer: I see say if you if you cut across a vacant lot would you say you were walking anniegogglyn 461: #1 Right # Interviewer: #2 across it? # 461: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about a word kitty-cornered or catty? 461: Yes catty-corner Interviewer: Does that mean the same thing or? 461: Right Interviewer: mm-kay and um 461: Boy I'll tell you what I believe Barbara you was born in the country. Interviewer: {NW} 461: I believe you was raised knowing catty-corner and anniegogglyn {NW} you telling me something. Oh let's tell country people together I'm I'm proud you taping this I want you to play it to your professor. {NW} Oh Interviewer: Um you say before they had buses in town they used to have um something that? 461: Street cars Interviewer: And you might tell the bus driver now this next corner is where I want? 461: To get off Interviewer: You say here in Washington County Chipley is the? 461: County seat Interviewer: And if you were a post master you'd be working for the federal? 461: Government Interviewer: And the police in town are supposed to maintain? 461: Law and order Interviewer: And um the fight between the North and the South was called the? 461: Civil War Interviewer: And um any other names for that? 461: North and So- war between the North and the South. Interviewer: mm-kay and um you say before they had the electric chair murderers were? 461: Hanged Interviewer: And you say the man went out and 461: #1 Hung himself. # Interviewer: #2 what himself? # Huh? 461: Yeah I would I said hung himself but he hanged himself. Interviewer: Would you mind shutting if I shut that door? 461: Oh yeah wait a minute {NW} That professor won't know what to think see you say he think you went off down in a night club and went juking. Interviewer: {NW} 461: Did you ever hear of that for a juke joint you did we talked about that the other day didn't night life? Interviewer: I don't think so. 461: A juke joint a place up the road right up here is a juke joint. That's where you go off and drink whiskey and get drunk. Interviewer: Is that the same as like you call the machine the? 461: Juke box Interviewer: uh-huh I say I pronounce the word different it sounds 461: Oh yeah how do you pronounce it? Interviewer: Juke 461: Juke {NW} Okay yeah you got it. Interviewer: I didn't I guess it is the same word it just sounds. These are some names of some states and somes cities um the biggest city in the country is in? 461: The state of New York. Interviewer: mm-kay and Baltimore is in? 461: Maryland Interviewer: And what are some of the states in the south? 461: Some of the states? Interviewer: Yeah 461: Florida Tennessee North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Alabama Interviewer: And above Tennessee? 461: Above Tennessee? The things in the states in the south above Tennessee. Interviewer: Well just 461: Oh states above Tennessee? Interviewer: Yeah 461: Well Kentucky I don't Kentucky and Virginia and uh Pennsylvania. Interviewer: What about moving toward the um 461: North West? Interviewer: Or just toward the west. 461: California Oregon Utah Washington Interviewer: Um and the the show me state is? 461: Missouri Interviewer: And what's the biggest city there? 461: In Missouri? Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: I say Kansas City Interviewer: Or what about another one? I don't know if it's the biggest or not but? 461: Missouri no no no St. Louis Interviewer: mm-kay and um Little Rock is the capital of? 461: Arkansas Interviewer: And Jackson is the capital of? 461: Mississippi Mississippi Interviewer: The state just down from Mississippi is? 461: Just down from Mississippi Lou- it's got to be Louisiana or either Alabama I mean it joins somewhere in there. Interviewer: mm-hmm and the Lone Star state is? 461: Texas Interviewer: And Tulsa is in? 461: Oklahoma Interviewer: And Boston is in? 461: Massachusetts Interviewer: And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the? 461: What is that? Interviewer: The states from Maine to Connecticut? 461: New England Interviewer: mm-kay and the biggest city in Maryland? 461: I would say Baltimore. Interviewer: mm-kay and the capital of the United States is? 461: Washington D-C Interviewer: And the old historical sea port in South Carolina? 461: South Carolina sea port? Interviewer: Starts with a C 461: Charleston Interviewer: Hmm? 461: Charleston Interviewer: The city in Illinois? 461: Chicago Interviewer: And what are some of the bigger cities in Alabama? 461: Birmingham Mobile Interviewer: The capital? 461: Montgomery Interviewer: And the city up in the mountains in North Carolina? 461: The city in the mountains Nashville sure got some good music there. Interviewer: I like that 461: You like country western? Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Country and gospel music? You like gospel music? Quartet type? Interviewer: I don't I've never listened to that much I don't 461: But you like that uh country? Interviewer: I started liking that recently 461: Okay {NW} I know I got I tell you what I want that professor to hear you sing some of these country songs on this tape. {NW} Interviewer: What are some of the cities in Tennessee? 461: Nashville and Knoxville oh yeah Johnson City. Interviewer: What about the the Capital over at oh no 461: Nashville Interviewer: That's Nashville well the biggest city in Tennessee? 461: The biggest city in Tennessee? Interviewer: Yeah over in we- west Tennessee? You're thinking of east Tennessee now. 461: Yeah Memphis Interviewer: mm-kay and the city um just right did you go to Tennessee by through Georgia when did you drive up there? 461: And I come back through there. Interviewer: Well the city that um that's just right outside the Georgia border one of the cities that Lookout Mountain is there. 461: Chattanooga Interviewer: What are some of the cities in Georgia? 461: Atlanta Savannah Augusta Macon Interviewer: And the city that Fort Benning is near? 461: Columbus Interviewer: Some of the cities in Louisiana? 461: Baton Rouge New Orleans Interviewer: The biggest city in Southern Ohio? 461: Southern Ohio? Interviewer: mm-hmm the Reds came from. 461: Cincinnati Interviewer: The biggest city in Kentucky? Where they have the Kentucky Derby. 461: Lexington Interviewer: Or that's that's one I was think of. 461: Lexington Interviewer: Yeah but there's another one though where they have the Derby. 461: And it starts with an L? Louisville Interviewer: The 461: Is that wait a minute let me ask you something Lexington is Lexington the capital of Kentucky? You know that slipped my mind I don't even know. Interviewer: I'm not sure 461: Okay I want you to let your professors hear that. {NW} Okay I don't know I don't got a thing to find out what the capital. Interviewer: The the country where they have um where they've been having a lot of fighting is Northern? The country um Belfast is in Northern? 461: Ireland Interviewer: mm-kay and Paris is in? 461: France Interviewer: And Moscow is in? 461: Russia Interviewer: Say if someone ask you to go with 'em somewhere and you're not sure you want to you might say? I don't know 461: I don't know if I want to go there or not. Interviewer: Say if you wanted someone to go with you somewhere you might say well I won't go what he goes? 461: I won't go unless you go with me. Interviewer: Okay and um you might say well I had a choice of doing two things I I was gonna do this but I decided to do that? 461: Instead Interviewer: One of the largest churches largest protestant churches in the south is the? 461: I say the Baptist. Interviewer: mm-kay and two people become members you say they? 461: Members of the church? Interviewer: Yeah they become members you say they? 461: They become members of the church. Interviewer: Or another word for that when they became members you say they what the church they? 461: Join Interviewer: mm-kay and you go to church to pray to? 461: God Interviewer: And you say the preacher preaches a? 461: Sermon Interviewer: And you say the choir and organist provide the? 461: Music Interviewer: And say if you if you really liked the music you say that music was just? 461: Great Interviewer: mm-kay 461: Wonderful Interviewer: Any? 461: Outstanding Interviewer: mm-kay and the enemy of God is called the? 461: Devil Interviewer: Any other names for him? 461: Satan Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave? 461: Devil Interviewer: You y'all 461: I wouldn't say satan to come get you I'd say devil is gonna come get you. Interviewer: Is that is satan a worse a more serious word or something? 461: I don't I associate it on the same level. Interviewer: What about something like bogeyman or bad man? 461: Oh yeah bogeyman. That was common a long time ago. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Because the bogeyman was gonna get me Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: but the devil's gonna get my boys. Interviewer: What do people think they see at night around a graveyard? 461: Ghosts Interviewer: Any other name for? 461: S- spooks Interviewer: mm-kay 461: Hants {NW} Wait a minute you ever heard that? Interviewer: Hant? 461: Yeah Interviewer: I've never heard I I've heard of it I've never. 461: Now that was pretty common wasn't it May? speaker#3: Yeah hant you know usually it is haunt now Interviewer: uh-huh speaker#3: like they gonna haunt you it used to be hant. They gonna hant you. 461: Yeah but uh wait a minute they say you better not go by that cemetery there's hants down there. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Okay Interviewer: What about a house that was people were scared to go in? 461: Hanted house it was a haunted house you know but we called it hanted house. Interviewer: Do you have any of those around here? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Did you ever believe in any of them? 461: No well uh they had me pretty well Interviewer: You didn't go you didn't- 461: brainwashed for awhile. I did thinking about it now my boys they get a thrill and and I know they do because I did to take 'em to some old house you know you walk around slowly and look what's in that room you know and saw and uh they still they get a thrill out of it. And every time I find one I I go with them because I know that they call it spook house and there's something thrilling about it but I never did see one. A spook or hant or anything else. I guess it is just like a santa clause you grow out of stuff like that. Interviewer: You might tell someone um you better put a sweater on it is getting? 461: Cold or cool. Interviewer: Or it's not really cold it is just getting? 461: Chilly Interviewer: You might say um well I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd? 461: Rather not go. Interviewer: And what do you say to a friend that you haven't see for a long time? What how would you express your feelings about seeing 'em? You say I'm? 461: I'm glad to see you. Interviewer: Okay 461: Long time no see Interviewer: mm-kay say if someone says something kind of shocking and you sort of resented them saying it you might say why the very what of you saying that why the very? 461: I don't follow you Barbara. Interviewer: Someone says something that you sort of resented them saying you know? 461: I just tell 'em I didn't like it. Interviewer: Or or you didn't think they had a right to say that you might say well the very what of you saying that? The very 461: The reason for you saying that. Interviewer: But I was wondering if you say something like the very idea or the very idea of you saying that or. 461: Uh really what you I mean I I wouldn't do that. I say really really what you talking about. Interviewer: Did you see hear people say that say the very idea of that or? 461: Yeah well no I know what you're talking about and maybe I have heard it a little bit but what I what I've heard is that they'll just say now what what are you talking about? The idea it might've been used but it's it's not commonly used around here people here if they if you say something and they want to know what you digging at Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: they'll just ask you then what you talking about? Interviewer: When a friend of yours says good morning 461: They want you to explain it. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: In fact I just heard a conversation a lady says you explain what you mean about panky-panky see? Interviewer: uh-huh 461: This girl says your child's been panky-panky. This lady says I want you to explain what is panky-panky. Interviewer: What is it? 461: Well uh some kid on the bus would just playing with the girls in other words you see. {BEEP} Fix us some coffee please ma'am would you? Interviewer: When a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask? 461: I say good morning. Interviewer: Or do what might you you're asking him about his health you might say? 461: How are you this morning? Interviewer: And when you introduce- 461: I don't mean to say it I'm trying to find out has he got the TB or cancer Interviewer: uh-huh 461: but how are you feeling good or bad? Interviewer: uh-huh what about when you introduce to a stranger? 461: When I'm introduced to a stranger? Interviewer: Is there a more formal question you ask him or anything? 461: If the person don't call his name I'll ask him what his name is. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: And then turn right around and forget it. Interviewer: {NW} 461: But I don't want I want to know what like I did you but if somebody says uh so and so from Atlanta well tell me who I'm talking to. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: If you don't then I say uh did you say your name was so and so? I want to find out. Interviewer: Would you ask 'em how they're feeling or or would you say that to a stranger? 461: I don't think so I wouldn't ask 'em how they are feeling. I'd ask 'em maybe how they enjoying their stay or something because they would be strangers Interviewer: Mm 461: I wouldn't ask him how he was Interviewer: And say if someone if a group of people had were leaving after a visit you might say well I hope hope y'all come? 461: Okay say you talking about strangers? Interviewer: Or j- no just say 461: Just people? Interviewer: friends or something. 461: No they say that they're leaving. I would say this I would ask them wouldn't they stay longer. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: They say we got to go. I'd say don't rush off it's just a habit and they'd done been here all night don't rush off. {NW} Well the get out Interviewer: uh-huh 461: well come to see us again and I might even say y'all well I don't say no I wouldn't say y'all come you know how that is? Interviewer: Yeah 461: I would say though come see us again. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: We wouldn't say y'all come but now used to every time somebody would come to our house y'all come. Interviewer: Who would say that the person who was leaving or the person who wait you say y'all come back or? 461: No uh a person will say I've got to go. speaker#3: {X} 461: He would get up Barbara if we'd be talking well I've got to go. Go on out the door see Y'all come saying it to the person where she was just leaving. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: And then that person would respond and say well y'all come see? Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Just like that. Interviewer: I see 461: Okay then two hours later I could over to that house. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: And when I get ready y'all come see well y'all you better believe that you all is common around here it's like youins in the Carolinas. I don't know what all that but Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say well come with us? Did you ever hear that? 461: Yeah come and go with us. Interviewer: Yeah 461: Oh yeah Interviewer: #1 That sounds cause I mean # 461: #2 Yeah just like it # since you stayed all night you wanted them then to go with you. Interviewer: Yeah 461: {NW} Oh but I tell you Barbara it's Interviewer: {NW} 461: That's like I said awhile ago friends can come here well I might do now since we talked I may not do it I may be self-conscious but I say don't rush off Barbara. Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: You don't it's just a saying I don't. Interviewer: Yeah how do you greet someone around December twenty-fifth? 461: Around December twenty-fifth Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Any other expression? 461: And a Happy New Year. Interviewer: Do you ever hear Christmas gift? 461: Yeah oh yeah now Barbara you I tell you what y'all believe you was raised down here in these woods. Um Barbara now here's the story behind that do you know it? The first person and okay now I've got a friend down the road if he comes to my house and sticks his head in the door and says Christmas gift before I get down and say Christmas gift at his house Interviewer: Is this on Christmas Day or? 461: It's on Christmas Day. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Now then there's a Christmas Eve gift yeah and a New Years Gift. speaker#3: New Years Eve 461: You see on all these holidays you get that Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: you get that on the other person say like Christmas Eve gift or Christmas gift or New Years Gift oh wait a minute I'm wrong about that Barbara maybe I'm wrong it's Christmas Eve gift Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: because Christmas Eve come just before Christmas. I don't think that's used on Christmas but it is New Years. And more common on Christmas Eve but you don't hear that the more now. Or maybe somebody may say it but they don't mean nothing about it. Interviewer: Well what happens when you say it first? 461: You got to exchange a gift. Interviewer: Then then if I went up to your house and say Christmas Eve gift then you'd owe me a gift? 461: That's right Interviewer: And you say the same thing on New Years? New years 461: Barbara I'll tell you what used to I meet with {X} he's a he was a little older than I am he's about four years older than I was. He lived over it must've been about two miles and that joker would get up and come and stick his head in that door and wake us up and holler Christmas Eve gift and they'd have to get him a gift. He and my aunt had got to competing you know in other words she'd either go and get it on him or he'd come and get it on her but that was that Christmas Eve gift and she had to get 'em a gift. Interviewer: {NW} 461: If she didn't you know that was part of it. Interviewer: uh-huh you might say I have to go downtown to do some? 461: I'd say shopping now but I didn't use that that word shopping wasn't used when I was coming up. It was everything else. I got to go downtown to buy some groceries. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: But now it's shopping. Interviewer: Say if you bought something you'd say the store keeper took out a piece of paper and? 461: Wrapped Interviewer: And then when I got home I? 461: Unwrapped it Interviewer: And say if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you had to sell it? 461: I used to uh when you talking about they used to wrap wrap. Okay what? Interviewer: Say say if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you had to sell it at a? 461: Discount Interviewer: You sold something for two dollars that you had paid three dollars for. 461: I sold it Interviewer: Say if you see something that you like but you don't have enough money for it you'd say well I like it but it too much? 461: Costs Interviewer: Okay when it's time to pay your bill you say on on the first of the month the bill is? 461: Due Interviewer: And if you belong to a club you have to pay your? 461: Dues Interviewer: And if you don't have any money you might go to the bank and try to? 461: Borrow Interviewer: And you say in the thirties money was in the thirties money was? 461: Worth more Interviewer: Or if it was you might say it was tight or you might say it was? 461: Tighter speaker#3: Scarce 461: Scarcer I think it was tighter it wasn't I mean they said it was tighter money was scarce oh it was tight. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: They talk about tight money now particularly in the republican administration they start talking about tight money not scarce. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: {X} I'm just saying the words that are associated around here. Interviewer: Say um he ran down the spring board and he what into the water? 461: Jumped Interviewer: Or you go head first you say he? 461: Dove Interviewer: And you say um several children have already? 461: We used to say dived. Interviewer: uh-huh how how would you say that? 461: Dove Interviewer: I mean would you say dived for both he dived in and he has dived in? 461: And they dived in. Interviewer: uh-huh and you say but I was too scared to? 461: Dive in Interviewer: And if you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a? 461: Belly buster well that's what you'd say Interviewer: Yeah 461: {NW} Interviewer: I heard that when I was 461: That's just old city talk too it's just a belly buster where it's in city or or country is that right Barbara? Interviewer: Well there's belly flop or 461: Uh uh never heard that. Interviewer: Say a child puts his head on the ground and then rolls over and turns? 461: Somersault Interviewer: Anything you used to say? 461: Oh yeah it was a somerset back in it was a somerset wasn't it May? Interviewer: You say he someone wanted to swim to get across the river you say he dived in and what? 461: Swam Interviewer: #1 You say um # 461: #2 Well back then it was swum across the. # Interviewer: Say I have what there before myself I have? 461: Swam Interviewer: Say children like to? 461: Swim there. Interviewer: When you buy something or pay your bills some store keepers will give you a little present and say that it's for 461: Present? Interviewer: When you pay your bill or something 461: Gift? Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever hear the expression {X} 461: Never heard it in my life. Interviewer: {X} 461: No Interviewer: It means the sort of a gift given. 461: No never used in Wausau. Interviewer: And say if someone didn't know how to swim you say he got in the water and he? 461: Dog paddled Interviewer: Or he died in the water you say he? 461: Oh float Interviewer: Say he went down for the third time and then he? 461: Drown Interviewer: And you say I wasn't there so 461: Drowned I think is what we used to say. Interviewer: uh-huh you say I didn't see? 461: Go down or drown. Interviewer: mm-kay and you say after he went down the third time you say that he was? 461: Drown Interviewer: And what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 461: Crawl Interviewer: You'd say that would be a hard mountain to? 461: Climb Interviewer: But last year my neighbor? 461: Climbed it. Interviewer: But I have never? 461: Climbed it Interviewer: Do you ever say clumb? 461: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Is that what's used? # 461: #2 Oh yeah # Wait a minute let's see how it is somebody says that's well you know {X} I climbed that a million times If I have used the word clumb I clumb slap up to the top. {NW} Interviewer: Would you use that word slap now? 461: That means to the very top Climb slap to the top Interviewer: And you say she walked up to the alter and she what down? 461: Knelt Interviewer: Say if you were tired 461: She kneeled down probably say that she kneeled down Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: but she knelt. I would say knelt. Interviewer: And if you were tired you'd say I think I'll go over to the couch 461: Rest Interviewer: or what down? 461: Lay Interviewer: Talking about things that you see in your sleep you say this is what I? 461: That I see in my sleep? Dreamed Interviewer: And you say? 461: About this is what I dreamed about. Interviewer: mm-kay say often when I go to sleep I? 461: Dream Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I have? 461: Dreamed about Interviewer: And um 461: Dreamp uh we used to say dreamp. Interviewer: How would you say that? 461: D-R-E-M-P that's what I dreamed about. D-R-I I dreamed about you last night. Interviewer: You say I dremp? 461: No I used I'd say I dreamed about you last night. Interviewer: {NW} I dreamed I was falling just when I was about to hit the ground I all the sudden I? 461: Woke up Interviewer: And um if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you? 461: I'd say stomp. Interviewer: mm-kay 461: Stamp stomped the floor. Interviewer: If a boy sees a girl at church and wants to go home with her he'd ask her may I? 461: Walk you home. Interviewer: mm-kay what if you had a car? 461: Carry you home probably what he'd say. Interviewer: To get something to come towards you you'd take hold of it and? 461: Pull it Interviewer: And the other way would be? 461: Push it Interviewer: Okay 461: or shove it. {NW} Interviewer: And um say if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say you picked it up and? 461: A sack of groceries? Interviewer: I picked it up and what it home? 461: Helped Interviewer: Well I'm thinking you might say I carried it but what other word might you might people around here say? 461: Toted it uh uh used to say tote I would carry it Interviewer: uh-huh 461: tote is is something that you got the arm up. Interviewer: And you might tell a child um now that stove is very hot so? 461: Don't touch it. Interviewer: You know an outdoor game children would play where um on child would be it and all the other children would hide? 461: Hide an seek Interviewer: Okay is that what you always called it? 461: No I tell you what we used to say hide and go seek. That's what we used to call it hide and go seek. Interviewer: uh-huh 461: Or hide and go see is really Interviewer: That's what 461: what we used to call it. Interviewer: Hide and go see? 461: Right hide and go see. Interviewer: What would you call you know there would be one tree maybe that you could touch be safe what would you call that? 461: That's what it was. Interviewer: Well the the I mean would you call the base or the home? 461: The base I don't remember what that place was seemingly like it was home. Home no it wasn't home it might of been home wasn't home base but maybe it's home I forgot what it's been a long time Barbara since I played that. Interviewer: What about um what you'd run toward in football? 461: Goal line Interviewer: mm-kay and you say you throw a ball and ask somebody to? 461: Catch it Interviewer: And you say I threw it and he? 461: Caught it Interviewer: And you say I've been fishing but I haven't? 461: Caught any Interviewer: And you might say there's no need to hurry if I get there first I'll? 461: Wait Interviewer: Wait I'll wait? 461: For you Interviewer: Say if you were about to punish someone he might say um don't punish me just give me another? 461: Chance Interviewer: You say if a man was in a very good mood you might say he's in very? 461: Spirit Interviewer: Okay or someone who always catches on to a joke? You'd say he's got a good sense of? 461: Humor Interviewer: Say and we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminating company will get? 461: Rid of them Interviewer: Child left a pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there you say I bet somebody what my pencil? 461: Stole it Interviewer: You might say I have just what him a letter? 461: I don't I don't think that uh I don't know I don't think that I'd say if if I met well now see I'm not a kid now but just because my pencil's gone I would think I'd say somebody picked it up in every in most cases I wouldn't say that somebody stole it I think somebody picked it up maybe. Interviewer: Is there any sort of slang word that a kid would use? 461: Snooked it Interviewer: And you say I have {NW} what him a letter? I have just? 461: Wrote Interviewer: And you say um yesterday he what me? 461: Wrote Interviewer: And tomorrow I will? 461: Write him Interviewer: And you say oh I wrote him and it's time I was? 461: Reply an answer Interviewer: And you say you put the letter in the envelope then you take your pen and you? 461: Address it. Interviewer: mm-kay anything older people used to say? 461: Dress it I guess. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever here back? # 461: #2 I believe # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Back the letter? 461: Oh yeah right very common. Interviewer: What was that? 461: Back a letter that be that's used some today. Interviewer: And you might say well I was gonna write him but I didn't know his? 461: Address Interviewer: A child that's always running and telling on the other children you'd call him a? 461: Tattle tale Interviewer: Would you use that word about a grown person? 461: I wouldn't call 'em a tattle tale I'd call him a tattler. Tattle tale is for something small kid. I would identify 'em could be said as a tattler or gossiper but you know a tattler. Interviewer: And say if you wanted to to get some flowers um brighten up your room you'd say you were gonna go out and what some flowers? 461: Well I'd say Barbara I'm gonna pick some flower. Interviewer: Okay 461: Or gather some flowers probably say gather. Interviewer: Something that a child plays with you'd call a? 461: Toy Interviewer: Any other name for that? Did you ever say play pretty or something? 461: Yeah that's not used much now well one reason I'm older but I don't say my kids have got some play pretties they got toys. But now my folks did and when I was there well you know not their age now because well maybe I did have some toys play pretties but they my folks identified my toys as play pretties. Interviewer: Just any toy? 461: Yeah oh well yeah a toy cause a B-B gun wasn't was not classified as a toy. Interviewer: What was that? 461: Say a B-B gun see but uh if it was a truck that would run around on the floor it'd be a toy. Interviewer: #1 Or a play pretty. # 461: #2 I mean a play pretty. # Interviewer: Say that's the um that's the book that you what me for Christmas? 461: Bought gave me. Interviewer: Say if I borrowed something of yours I might say when I'm finished with it I'll what it back? 461: Give it back to you. Interviewer: Because you've already? 461: Gave me Interviewer: You say I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it? 461: Started to rain Interviewer: mm-kay and you might ask um what time does the movie? 461: Start Interviewer: Or using another word? You'd say what time does the movie? 461: Begin Interviewer: And you say it must've already? 461: Started Interviewer: Or it must've already? 461: Begun Interviewer: And you say it what ten minutes ago? 461: Began Interviewer: People want to get to some place in a hurry they? But you say they either walk or they? 461: Run Interviewer: They have what a mile everyday that say I was feeling so good I what all the way home? 461: Ran Interviewer: Say you can't get through there cause the highway departments got their machines and the road's all? 461: Blockaded Interviewer: Or all tor-? 461: Torn up Interviewer: And say you give someone a bracelet and you want to see how it looks on her you say why don't you? Give someone a bracelet and then you say well go ahead and? 461: Put it on Interviewer: You might say well that wasn't an accident he did that? 461: Purpose Interviewer: And say if you had a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go? 461: Ask someone else Interviewer: And you say so then I went? 461: I went and asked someone. Interviewer: And you say well you've already what me that? 461: Told me that Interviewer: Or you've already? 461: Answered my question. Interviewer: Or you're the second person whose what me that? 461: Told me that. Interviewer: Or talking about asking question you're the second person? 461: Ask me that. Interviewer: And you say those little boys like to what each other? 461: Fight Interviewer: And you say every time they met they? 461: Fought Interviewer: And ever since they were small they have? 461: Fought Interviewer: And you'd say she what him with a big knife? 461: Stabbed him or cut him. Interviewer: And say if you were gonna lift something heavy like a 461: Used to call 'em stob used to call that stob. Interviewer: mm-kay and if you were gonna lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you'd say you'd use pulley blocks and a rope to what it up? 461: Hoist Interviewer: Now would you start counting slowly 461: One Interviewer: mm-hmm 461: Two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen Interviewer: mm-kay and the number after nineteen is? 461: Twenty Interviewer: And after twenty-six? 461: Twenty-seven Interviewer: And twenty-nine? 461: Thirty Interviewer: Thirty-nine? 461: Forty Interviewer: Sixty-nine? 461: Seventy Interviewer: Ninety-nine? 461: One hundred Interviewer: Nine hundred ninety-nine? 461: One thousand Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand? 461: Ten times one hundred thousand? Interviewer: One? 461: Million Interviewer: And say if you had a line of people standing somewhere the person at the head of the line you'd call him the? Or he'd be the number one man he'd be the? Say if there were eleven people in line the number eleven man would be the eleventh man. The number one man would be the? 461: He'd be the head man. Interviewer: Or the 461: lead man. Interviewer: Not the eleventh it be the? 461: Number one man. Interviewer: Or the 461: First Interviewer: Okay behind him would be the? 461: Second man Interviewer: Okay keep going. 461: The third man and the fourth man and the fifth man the sixth man the seventh man the eighth man the ninth man the tenth man. Interviewer: And you say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all? 461: At one time. Interviewer: Okay 461: You know it's like this uh there's a saying we say it that we heard there'd be days like this but we didn't know they would come in pods like bananas. Interviewer: {NW} 461: {NW} Interviewer: Never heard of that. Say if you said something two times you would be saying it? 461: What? Interviewer: You said something two times you would be saying it? 461: Two times Interviewer: uh-huh or another word for that you'd be saying? 461: Double Interviewer: Or you said last year I got twenty bushels to the acre but this year I got forty so this years crop was? 461: Double Interviewer: Or what as good? You say it's two times as good or you say it was? 461: Twice as good. Interviewer: Would you name the months of the year? 461: January February March April May June July August September October November December Interviewer: And the days of the week? 461: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: Okay what about sabbath? What does that mean? 461: Sunday Interviewer: If you meet someone in the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting? 461: Good morning Interviewer: And how long does morning last? 461: Twelve oh clock sharp. Interviewer: Then what do you have? 461: Evening good evening Interviewer: mm-kay do do you say good evening to people when you meet them like like good morning? Say if you were leaving someone at about eleven oh clock in the day would you say anything as you were leaving? I mean any expression like good? 461: Good bye Interviewer: mm-hmm What about good day? Do you ever hear that? 461: Yeah probably say that Interviewer: When do people say that? When they are leaving or meeting someone or what? 461: When they leaving Interviewer: What about 461: probably I mean it don't matter whether it's in the morning or evening. Interviewer: What about when you were 461: Unless you get on over and it gets dark. Interviewer: Then what do you say? 461: Good evening Interviewer: Or if you were leaving somebody's house after dark what would you tell 'em? 461: Good evening Interviewer: Even at about this time? 461: Maybe good night now. Interviewer: uh-huh What when does evening stop and night begin? 461: Not too long after dark I don't know what time. {X} Interviewer: Yeah say if um if you have to get up and start work before the the sun comes into sight you'd say had to get up and start work before? 461: Before day Interviewer: Or before sun? 461: Sun rise Interviewer: And I worked until 461: Sunset Interviewer: And you say um this this morning the sun what at six o'clock? 461: Rose Interviewer: And yesterday at that time the sun had already? 461: Rose Interviewer: Huh? 461: Rose Interviewer: And you say this morning I saw the sun? 461: Rise and I did Barbara I watched {X} Interviewer: #1 You saw the sun rise? # 461: #2 I saw the sun rise didn't I may? # Interviewer: I'm never up in time. {NW} Um 461: A country girl who don't get up early Interviewer: {NW} 461: Talking about red bugs and all that stuff. Interviewer: {NW} You say if um today is is tuesday then monday was or 461: {NW} Interviewer: not today? 461: Yesterday Interviewer: Huh? 461: Yesterday Interviewer: And wednesday is? 461: Tomorrow Interviewer: And if someone came on a sunday not last sunday but a a week earlier than that you'd say he came here? 461: Sunday was a week ago. Interviewer: And if he was gonna leave on a sunday not next sunday but a week beyond that you'd say he's gonna leave? 461: Sunday week Interviewer: And if someone stayed from the first and to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about? 461: Two weeks Interviewer: Okay any other expression for that? That people say around here or 461: I don't think so I might of I don't think so stayed about two weeks. Interviewer: uh-huh and if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody? 461: What time do you have? Interviewer: And you might look at your? 461: Watch Interviewer: And if it was midway between seven oh clock and eight oh clock you'd say that it was? 461: Seven thirty Interviewer: Or another way of saying that is? 461: I don't we don't well that's the one way of saying it. Interviewer: Well how how how would you? 461: Seven thirty Interviewer: Or what about another way? Using the word half you'd say it was half? 461: Half past seven Interviewer: If it was fifteen minutes later than that you'd say it was a? 461: Quarter to eight. Interviewer: And if you had been doing something for a long time you'd say I've been doing that for quite? 461: Some time Interviewer: Or for quite a? 461: while Interviewer: And you say nineteen seventy-two was last year nineteen seventy-three is? Interviewer: Say um if a child's {NW} just had his birth third birthday you'd say he's? 461: Three years old. Interviewer: Mm-kay and if something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly? 461: On the same day. Interviewer: How long ago? 461: Last year Interviewer: It happened exactly? 461: On the same day last year. Interviewer: Or a another way of saying that it happened exactly a? 461: Year later Interviewer: Mm-kay and um you'd say you you look up at the sky and say talking about the weather you say I don't like the looks of those black? 461: Clouds Interviewer: And on a day when the sun's shining and there aren't any clouds you'd say that's a? 461: Fair Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: day Interviewer: And what about when it's all cloudy and overcast and the sun's not shining you'd say that it's a? 461: Cloudy Interviewer: Or any other expressions? 461: Well um I I know that commonly they say hazy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but if it's dark hazy's a different color. Interviewer: Mhm 461: If it's uh light color you know you can tell a haze. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or either if it's dark clouds you just say cloudy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you ever heard something like gloomy or {X}? 461: Miserable Interviewer: Mm-kay and say if um if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker 461: Nasty Interviewer: Huh? 461: I've heard of nasty days. Interviewer: How would you describe that? 461: Rainy and cold Interviewer: Uh huh 461: sloppy. You know I've heard of nasty days hadn't you? Interviewer: What about? 461: It's worse I mean it's not a rainy day it's not a cold day it's all that mixed together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's nasty. Particularly it gets nasty after dusk at about three or four days around here. Interviewer: {NW} 461: See Interviewer: Uh huh say if um if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you figure it might rain or something in a little while you'd say look like the weather is? 461: Looks like it's fixing to rain. Interviewer: Mm-kay would you ever say something like weather is threatening or breaking? 461: Right threatening and then the weather looks like it's breaking. Interviewer: What do you mean breaking? 461: Well that's when it looks like in all these dark clouds moving {X} uh move the way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or rained out in other words you don't see them anymore. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You can see a ray of light of blue sky it's breaking. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But it's threatening that's when they begin to gather. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um say if it had been cloudy and then you the clouds start pulling away you say it looks like it's finally going to? 461: Break off Interviewer: Mm-kay do you ever say fair off or clear up or? 461: Well Interviewer: Is that 461: all of those are the same it's just one's used about as much as the other. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Break off or clear up or fair up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um you say all night long the wind? 461: Blew Interviewer: And you say it it was pretty bad last night but in years past the wind has what harder than that? The wind has? 461: Blown Interviewer: And you say it started to rain and the wind began to? 461: Blow Interviewer: And if the wind's from this direction you say it's? 461: From the east. Interviewer: And wind half way between south and west you'd call a? 461: South west Interviewer: And south and east? 461: South-east Interviewer: And east and north? {NW} 461: North-east Interviewer: And west and north? 461: North-west Interviewer: And say if the wind had been gentle and was gradually getting stronger you'd say the wind was? 461: Picking up Interviewer: And if it was just the opposite of that? If it was had been strong but was getting weaker you'd say the wind was? 461: Um I'll tell you what I'd say and I think it's pretty well common it was dying down ain't that right? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That's what it's that's what a lot of people say. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down you'd call that a? 461: A no wait a minute it's a downpour. Interviewer: Mm-kay any others? 461: Toad stranglers Interviewer: Huh? 461: Toad stranglers Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: You know sometimes you see a lot of frogs after a rain Interviewer: Uh huh 461: Well when it rains so hard it'll it'll strangle the frogs so it's a toad strangle. {NW} When it gets so hard that it'll strangle some toad frogs it's raining hard. Interviewer: {NW} What about um if there's thunder and lightening? 461: Thunder storm Interviewer: Mm-kay and what if it's not as as bad as a as a downpour what what might it be? 461: Drizzle Interviewer: Mm-kay an- anything else? 461: Shower Interviewer: What do you think of is the difference between a drizzle and a shower? 461: Shower's a little harder than a drizzle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you think of a a drizzle as being something that sort of lasts all day or? 461: Mm-hmm yes ma'am {NW} Interviewer: What about um something finer than a? 461: Mist Interviewer: Mm-kay and say if you you get up in the morning and you can't see across the road you'd say that you had a? 461: Fog Interviewer: And a day like that you'd call a? 461: A day like that we'd call a? Interviewer: You say it's what outside it's? 461: Foggy Interviewer: Mm-kay and if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you're having a? 461: Dry spell Interviewer: Any other? 461: Yeah there's a a drought. Interviewer: Okay what's the difference between a dry spell and a drought? 461: Droughts just a sophisticated name for a dry spell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm they're the same? 461: Yeah same thing. Interviewer: You say um it was so cold last night that the lake? 461: Froze Interviewer: Okay what if it if there's just ice around the edge would you have a different expression you'd use? 461: Just around the edge? And it does that sometimes but uh I don't think I would I don't mean I don't know what that would be. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um say if it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a? 461: Frost Interviewer: Mm-kay what if it's harder than that you'd call it a? 461: Freeze Interviewer: And um you say if it {NW} if it gets much colder the pipes might? 461: Burst Interviewer: Or the the water in them might? 461: Freeze Interviewer: And you say um yesterday 461: Used to say then pipes would bust. Interviewer: Mm-kay you say yesterday the pipes? 461: Froze Interviewer: And? 461: The pipes burst. Interviewer: What did you used to say? 461: Last night the pipes froze and and and then when they tha- they busted. Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: {NW} Interviewer: And you say um the pipes have? 461: I say they have froze. Interviewer: And they have? 461: Burst Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: used to say busted. Interviewer: Mm-kay and the the best room in the house you'd call the? 461: The best room? Interviewer: Yeah you might you call what you call the living room now what did you used to call that? 461: What? speaker#3: Fire room Interviewer: The what? speaker#3: Fire room 461: No I didn't call it. Interviewer: Fire room? speaker#3: Used to call the living room the fire room cause it's where the fireplace was. Interviewer: {NW} 461: I didn't we didn't call it that. See that's what I'm telling you now. Interviewer: Uh huh 461: See she lived in this area Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: where as they used to say doodads and I called 'em hush- corn dodgers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well she's calling it a fire room and we used to call it the big house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But now listen uh that's not none of that is that I know of is common. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: You'll find each uh different people just had associated different names. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I mean if it wasn't is was the living room or something else but I don't know what it was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: A lot of people probably call it a living room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But we didn't. Interviewer: Say talking about how tall a room is you'd say this room's about maybe nine? 461: Feet tall Interviewer: Mm-kay that's it.464: Say what? Interviewer: Your name? 464: {B} Interviewer: And your address? 464: My address {D: well I don't} crazy I {B} Interviewer: Okay. And the name of this community? 464: Campton, Florida. Interviewer: And the county? 464: I don't know that now. {NW} so crazy I {NW} {NW} uh {NW} {D: Cretchville} I reckon. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {X} {NW} Interviewer: And where were you born? {NS} 464: Well it was back in the bushes but {NW} {NS} I was born back across the creek over here about three mile from here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But they still call that Campton. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: {D: What creek} {X} 464: {X} which one. Interviewer: {X} 464: {D: Thing just} {NW} somethings {D: they had here} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: How old are you? 464: {NW} {NS} now wait now let me go and look, let you look for yourself. Interviewer: Oh just tell me where it is and I can 464: I'll get it. Let you see. Crazy mind I got too old {NS} to keep my mind together I reckon. {NS} {D: well it's that you left here} I went now look I have a new Bible, I bet it's in both of the Bible {X} {NW} He put these papers in here where I do you see it don't you? Interviewer: Is this 464: {X} {X} place. That one was this one over here {D: one} {NS} Do you see my name in here? {NS} Interviewer: Do you know what page it 464: Pull that light on up there, maybe you can see better. Interviewer: Okay. {X} {X} {B} 464: Say it was my {B} {D: cleaner} Now my name {B} from married {D: days uh} Interviewer: Uh you were born this is is your marriage here? 464: Say what? Interviewer: This is your marriage to William {B} 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 464: #2 William # {X} Interviewer: You were born in eighteen-ninety-seven. 464: Uh-huh. {NS} Well now how old will I be now? {D: How is way from now} I'm so crazy uh {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What'd I say? Eighteen-ninety-seven? 464: Mm I think yeah I think that's what you said. {NW} Yeah. Eighteen-ninety-seven. Interviewer: That'd make you seventy-six then. 464: Seventy-six. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Have you um ever worked outside your home? 464: Outside what you talking about? People's houses and places Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 464: That's all I ever have done honey is to work {NW} outside. Interviewer: Well te- 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 tell me # about what type of work you've done. 464: Well I house worked and worked in fields and worked in the woods. I have know long time ago they used to rake pine trees like they chip 'em now they don't rake 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But you used to rake 'em round 'em in Interviewer: #1 {D: right} # 464: #2 then you'd # set the woods afire, keep 'em from burning. I've raked trees. Sawed rail timber and and uh plowed and hoed and broke corn. Pulled fodder and done a little of everything, house work too. Interviewer: You say you plowed and pulled? 464: Plowed horses. You know when you're farming. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Come on. {C: knocking on door} Come on! {NS} {NS} Who is that? {NS} Who is that? Interviewer: {X} 464: Yeah. Uh-huh. Yeah I done a little of everything. {NS} Like work line I have {X} Interviewer: Uh so 464: What does he want with me? Aux: {D: I wanna buy some hot chai} 464: Well look in there and see I don't know what I got in there now look and see. Yeah I've done a little of everything honey I've broke corn, pulled fodder. Raked trees and sawed rail timber and plowed and dug roots and done everything way back there. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: {NW} I {X} I could show you a field now if I was older and you was older that I used to dig re- roots in. Dig 'em up, little grubbing hole, had a know there's a grubbing hole on this side and a axe on the other. I digged them roots up did you find them? Interviewer: {X} 464: And then take that axe and chop 'em in {D: two in pile} {NS} I've done a little of everything. I done old model work but I ain't done none of this young model work {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 464: Mm house-cleaned and all. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What church do you go to? 464: Huh? Interviewer: What church do you go to? 464: Campton Baptist. Out did you go back out that way? Did you go back through this Interviewer: #1 No. # 464: #2 way? # Interviewer: We went up that way. 464: Did you? Well a lot of churches right out there, not far from here. They dove out, sit along the Right hand side of the road as you go back that way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 Campton # Baptist. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you go to school at all? Did you get a chance to? 464: I went a little bit but I had to work {X} time and Interviewer: {NW} 464: and I weren't working but I was staying at home tending to the other children. While my momma was working. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 464: {D: I about} {NS} second grade, that's the furthest I've got. {NW} And done near about forgot all of that that I know. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Do you remember the name of that school? 464: {D: school no} I sure don't remember the name of it. Sure don't. Uh-uh. Interviewer: Can you read or or write? Very well? 464: No. I I can write my name. It's {D: scattered} but that's about all of {NW} {NW} You know I did uh learn, I could write pretty good. But after I just quit going to school I just got to where I didn't try to {D: tragic none or} so I just forgot what little I did know, that's about it all but my name, I can spell my name and write it pretty good. Interviewer: Um have you been very active in your church? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Have you been very active in your church or did you belong to any clubs or anything like that? 464: Mm no. We didn't belong to no we just got ourself a club here lately. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: A saving club. But we ain't got no club in our church. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: We got ourself Mrs {B} you might know her. Live at Laurel Hill? She got us in a saving club you know? Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 464: #2 We meets # on Friday. Only second Friday night and pay a dollar a month. And then they draw it out Christmas. But we ain't got no clubs in our church. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: mm-hmm. mm-hmm Interviewer: You belong to that savings club though? 464: Mm what I was talking about? Interviewer: Yes. 464: Uh-huh. Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever been outside of this county? 464: {NW} N- well I went to Nashville one time. And to Cleveland last year. I went up there and stayed with my daughter. Cleveland. Four or five weeks. She was gonna have an operation, I went up there and stayed with her children. While she was having an operation five weeks. Interviewer: Hmm. 464: And I went to Cleveland up to that was Cleveland. I went to Nashville and stayed with my other daughter a week-and-a-half. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 One # time. And that's the furthest I ever been. {NW} Interviewer: How do you like it up there in Nashville? 464: I liked it there well I didn't like it so much in Cleveland cause they killed people too much up there for me. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} I stayed I stayed up there five weeks in Cleveland. But I sure stayed in the house. And kept the door locked all day while the boys, the boys, she had two boy and they was going to school, they'd leave at eight o'clock in the morning and get in at four that evening. And I'd lock the door when they'd leave and I'd keep it locked until they come back in that evening. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} I didn't like it so well. Had to stay too close, couldn't get out and walk about. That's the furthest I've ever been is to Cleveland and Nashville. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Tell me something about your parents. 464: My parents? Interviewer: You know where where they were born and what kind of work they did. 464: Right back over there where I told you I was born {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Uh-huh. {NW} Farming. That's all they was doing was farming. Interviewer: Could they read and write? 464: Uh-uh. Interviewer: What do you know about your mother's parents? 464: My mother's parents oh boy she was way on {D: back cam} Uh-uh no no she couldn't even she couldn't read and write either. Interviewer: Whe- where was she born? 464: My f- my mother's mother? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Back over there in them woods {X} Interviewer: #1 In Campton? # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: Yeah back over there uh we'd call it Campton Campton but it's about two mile back over there on the other side of the creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What creek is that? 464: Muddy Creek they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Muddy Creek. Ooh boy. {NS} {NS} {NS} {NW} {NS} This here's my grandmother's picture, she looked like a man around the head, don't she? Interviewer: {NW} 464: {NW} Her name's Patsy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. She's really pretty. 464: Mm-hmm {NW} But I ain't got my mother's picture, I know that I {D: that was} that was on my family record. But got lost somehow or another. {NS} {D: I never did} My daddy's momma {D: David daughter's} picture. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} {X} and that left two them two over there that's the one one of 'em's in Nashville and the other one's in Cleveland. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} How many children do you have? 464: Eleven. Interviewer: {D: God} 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Big family. # 464: #2 {NW} # {X} now them two they this young one lives in uh uh Nashville. And this one lives in Cleveland. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And that there's my boy that was in the army. That's W G {NS} {NW} That's {X} {X} that's one of my sons. right there That one sitting down was mine, I don't know who them is they Pete was in the army when he had that one made. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And that's my picture over there on that side. {D: This is where it is} {X} {NS} And that one standing that one's right up, that side of that window there that's my son lives up here in that white house. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Do you know anything about your mother's father? 464: My mother's father? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-uh. No she was gone. He died my mother's father yeah he died before I was born. Interviewer: Did you hear anything about him? Where he was born or 464: N- no I sure didn't never let me see {X} wait a minute, I believe they said he was born in Alabama, I believe that's what Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 they # said. He was a dr- {B} My mother's father was a {B} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. {NS} {NW} My grandma, I don't know I don't know where she was born, {D: nearly} sure don't. I did hear 'em explain but I done forgot. You know they was way back then slavery time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: My grandma and my granddaddy was. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: There were slaves in this area? Around Camp- 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 ten # 464: Yeah around, back over in there in this area. Interviewer: What about the your father's parents? 464: My father's parents? {NS} Well he was born right on in here I think something yeah. He was a he was a {B} He {B} he was born back up in that settlement Summer Staff up there not far from where we was raised at. Interviewer: What about your grandmother? 464: {NW} She was I think she was born right round in here too. Patsy. Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 464: #2 Her # name's Patsy. Interviewer: Can you tell me a little bit about your husband? 464: My husband? Oh well he was born in let's see here wait I gotta think {D: uh let's see} well I done forgot. Come to me directly maybe I reckon. {NS} Interviewer: You think he was born in this county? 464: Uh no he was born in uh let me see now North Carolina I think where he said he was born Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 at. # 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: He's passed away now? 464: Mm-hmm. He been passed seventeen year. mm Interviewer: In nineteen-fifty-six? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How old was he? 464: He was seventy something I think. Interviewer: What church did he go to? 464: Maryville. He didn't go {NW} he didn't believe in going to church. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What um was his education? Do you know? 464: No I sure don't. Interviewer: Could he read and write or 464: Yeah he could read and write. But I don't know what grade he was in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Was he very active in clubs? {X} 464: #1 Clubs. # Interviewer: #2 {D: clubs?} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Did he do much traveling? 464: No nothing. Nothing but traveling to the turpentine woods and back home. {NW} Interviewer: #1 That's the work he did? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Uh-huh. Yeah he worked turpentine. Interviewer: Do you know anything about his parents? 464: No, I didn't know a thing about his parents. Interviewer: And um can you tell me something about what this community's like? How much it's changed since you 464: {NW} Boy. It's changed so much that I couldn't tell you {NW} {NW} If I tell you, I couldn't tell you so much about how it's changed but it's changed a whole lot. Cause uh I was just talking to some of 'em the other day, I said well the t- times has changed up a lot. We used to long when I was about ten or twelve year old we'd go hoe all day long. For fifty cent a day. An hour breakfast and dinner. And had to take it in {X} And corn and grease and wheat and all such as that. Sure did, it's changed up a lot. So now people pay money. For what you do. And pays a whole lot more than what we got. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: They sure do I was just talking to some of 'em the other d- uh yesterday or sometime about how times have changed. And I used to I'd take in washings. And uh we was buying this four acres when my husband passed and I was taking in washings and ironing {D: yard} And at this spring right down there, we'd go down there I'd go down there and wash all day long and come to the house and my son that lives up there in the white house now he was going to school then, I'd take out some peas or something or other for him to cook for him to have our supper. And we'd go to we'd come to the house, and he'd have supper done, we'd eat supper. And then uh the white lady lived down here in this first door you get to down here. It was Mr {B} lived in there then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And his daughter would come up here and pick us up. And we'd go down there and clean up her store that night fold dresses and old pants for my children and what I'm talking about they'd be made and old dresses would be made outta sugar sack. And we'd go down and clean up the store. That's like I was telling my brother a while ago, I was throwing all them scraps I said now these big old scraps I'm sewing up now I said Lord we'd have been glad to got 'em. To made our children some dresses and shirts out now we making quilts out. God knows we I have worked a million night after I'd worked all day cleaning up that store down there right down there, the first store you get to. Went down there and scrubbed and cleaned up that store a million night for old sugar sack dresses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: That girl's momma would make her old dresses outta sugar sacks and we'd go down there and work and she'd give us some old dresses for the work we'd done round there that night. It's changed up a whole lot. Interviewer: Do you think things are a whole lot better than? 464: Hmm? Interviewer: Do you think things are a whole lot better than then they were? 464: In one way they is but it's worser in {X} {NW} but it's a whole lot better in getting clothes now than it was then. Lord the gross has gone up so high and {X} Yes- {X} quit thinking about eating it I reckon. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I'd like to to have an idea of what the the house that you grew up in looked like. Did you live in did you move around much when you were young? Or did you live in just one house? {X} 464: No we I moved around now. When my momma first married she was living over the creek there. Not far from where {NS} I was telling you about a while ago. And then after she'd married we moved up to Laurel Hill. Do you know where the {D: Josh Hart} place is? Up in Laurel Hill? Well. It's just on this side of Laurel Hill, back off in a field. We lived out there. A while. We left from there and then we moved back down here. In this stayed back out in the woods a while over there. And then after I married I lived back over there to the {D: Lundy} place. You know where that is? Interviewer: What place is that? 464: {D: Lundy place back} way back across the creek over there. Interviewer: Huh. 464: Well I lived back there and then when I left from there I moved to Campton and I been here ever since. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well that's good. 464: There ain't been much moving I've done. {NW} Interviewer: What do you remember what that which house did you live the most number of years in? 464: Which house I lived the most number in? {NW} right here in Campton. Interviewer: In this house here? 464: No not this one. I lived in one right up the hill there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: First. And then I moved from there and moved in one right there where that collard patch is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then I moved from there and I moved here and I been here ever since. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I been here about twenty let's see I've been living up here uh living up on the hill there when my husband died. About twenty twenty-seven twenty-eight year ago and I been living right here ever since. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 What's that um # 464: #2 {D: I ain't done} # much moving about. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I'd like to get sort of a a sketch of this you know this house and one of the other houses that you lived in in Campton. 464: {D: Say what?} Interviewer: I'd like to sort of get an idea of what it looks like. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Could # 464: {NW} Interviewer: You either draw it for me or you tell me 464: #1 Oh I can't # Interviewer: #2 and I'll try to draw it # 464: draw it honey. What? Would you like to get this one? Interviewer: Okay this would be fine. 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 What # how many rooms does this house have? 464: It's got two three bedrooms and uh it's got five. Five rooms. Interviewer: Is it what shape is it? Square or longer than it is wide or what? 464: Honey you'll have to get up and look over it and see, I can't {NW} Interviewer: Well {D: what um} there's in the front of the house there's these two rooms here? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah {X} Closet in that room there and the one in the other room there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. so maybe something like that? 464: #1 Uh uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 This is the room we're in now? # 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What um then what about back there? What's that room? 464: Back there that's the kitchen and dining room. And there a bedroom back there too. Interviewer: Oh. 464: There are three bedrooms and living room and there's the kitchen and dining room together. Interviewer: Where's the are there two bedrooms back there? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Interviewer: You mean just like 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 is there # {D: tall or } 464: Well wait, come on I'll show you. Then I don't have to tell you. Interviewer: What do you call this room that we're in right now? 464: The living room. Interviewer: And what about that right out there? 464: What's that? Interviewer: Well 464: That's the porch out there. Interviewer: Okay. Does it it go all the way across the house? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah it goes all the way across. Interviewer: Do you have a back porch? 464: No. I don't have no back porch. {NS} {NS} Interviewer: How do you get the heating in this house? {NS} 464: Fireplace. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: Wood. {NW} Interviewer: And um talking about the fireplace. 464: Hmm? Interviewer: You'd say the smoke goes up through the 464: Uh-huh. It goes up that way. Interviewer: What do you call that? 464: Wha- Interviewer: That it goes through. You call that 464: Chimney. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: {X} 464: What's that, a cricket or a roach? Interviewer: it's a cricket. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Um what do you call that part right there? 464: This here down here? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: That's the {D: hurry} Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And uh the stove things back there that you set your wood on? 464: Firedogs. Interviewer: Okay. And that thing up there? 464: That's {X} this here thing right there? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: That's the mantelpiece. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Any {D: novel} name for that? 464: Hmm? Interviewer: Any old-fashioned name for that? 464: mm-mm no that's the mantelpiece, all I ever hear it. Interviewer: Okay. How would if you wanted to start a fire how would you do that? 464: How to start a fire? Interviewer: Yes 464: #1 fire # Interviewer: #2 what # kind of wood would you use? 464: Well get you some fat splinters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And uh to start it I always pour you some kerosene on that wood back up there and stick a match to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear those fat splinters called anything else? 464: mm-mm Interviewer: You ever heard of kindling or lighters? 464: Oh yeah, I have hearing about kindling splinters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm, yeah. Sure have. Interviewer: What's that? 464: That's a fat wood, little fat splinters you know you'd chip up small. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And say you might take a a big piece of wood and set that toward the back of the fireplace and it'd burn for a long time? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you have a special name for that big piece of wood? 464: Mm-hmm. Backstick. {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 That's okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} I had one all Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 that got # 464: a boy put me on one here the other week when it was so cold. It blasted all night and way up in the day the next day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: We'd call 'em backstick, #1 that's what # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 464: we always called 'em. {NW} Interviewer: And what about the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 464: Smut? Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for that? 464: Say what? Interviewer: Is there any other name for that? 464: Mm-mm. Not as I know of, all I ever hear it is smut. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: You know ashes down in the bottom where the wood burns. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear soot or soot? 464: Soot. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What's 464: #1 Call it # Interviewer: #2 that? # 464: soot. Smut I call it. They call it soot but I call it smut. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And um talking about things that you have in a room um this thing here is called a {C: tapping} 464: Say what? This here? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: I don't Interviewer: I mean this. {NS} This. 464: Oh. That's a chair. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} What about this thing that I'm sitting on? 464: That's a a what do you call it? I don't know, I done forgot. {NS} {D: Now} {X} Can't think, my mind's too bad now. {NS} It's uh sofa chair ain't it? Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for that? 464: Mm-mm. {NS} I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: What's um and what might you have in your your bedroom to keep your clothes in? 464: Say what? Interviewer: What's what's those things that you have in your bedroom to keep you clothes in? 464: {X} Uh {NS} {D: My God} {X} uh closet? Interviewer: Okay. What else? 464: Chifforobe? Interviewer: What's a chifforobe look like? 464: Huh? Interviewer: What does a chifforobe look like? 464: It's something old high something where you can hang your clothes up in it and drawers. On the sides. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about something that um just has drawers in it? 464: Chest? Interviewer: Huh? 464: Chest of drawers? Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Any old things that people used to have? 464: Hmm. Hmm. {X} The old things that people used to have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Trunks. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And um say if you wanted to buy a table or a chair or something like that what kind of store would you go to? 464: {X} furniture store? Interviewer: Okay. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um this is something on on rollers that you can pull down and keep out the light and hang from the windows. 464: {X} keep out the light. Shades. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um 464: I have to study 'em {D: first} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: And what do you call the the top part of the house? The covering on the house? 464: Covering on the house well let's see the uh {X} the topping? Interviewer: Yeah or or if someone was up there working on it you'd say 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 he's # up on the 464: Top of the house I reckon. Interviewer: Or another name for that. He's 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 up # on the 464: Oh God Interviewer: He has 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 to fix # a hole in the 464: You ain't talking about the topping in- inside is {D: he?} Interviewer: No I mean the on the ou- 464: on the outside. {NS} Children ain't it? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 Make that # noise. Is it? {X} Interviewer: There's some name for it starts with an R r- 464: Roofing? Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} I tell you I'll forget or I'll know a heap of these things that I have to study over it. Interviewer: Yeah? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's um what do you call those little things along the the edge of the roof that you have to carry the water off? 464: Let's see the carry the water off I can't think about that now what is it? Interviewer: #1 Well did you have something # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: like that um 464: {X} I know what you're talking about but I can't call it. Where the water runs off like that off of the edge of the house Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But I can't call the name of it. What is it? Interviewer: Well there's 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 there's different names for it. # Interviewer: Do you call it um {D: tross or} gutters? 464: {X} yeah gutters gutters I knowed it but I just couldn't think {D: me} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm gutters. Interviewer: What about um the when you have a house at an L? That place where they come together? 464: Say what about it? Di- what do you call that low place? Where the house and the L join? 464: {X} {C: children playing} call it a something but I done forgot. I can't think of what you call it now. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Um and um you men- well talking about the if you had a little room at the top of the house you know just underneath the roof? 464: {X} underneath the roof. Interviewer: Just a little room up there. 464: Mm-mm {NW} I can't think now what what you'd call it. {NW} Interviewer: Um you mentioned the the kitchen. Do you remember um seeing different kinds of kitchens built? Like a kitchen built separate from the rest of the house? Or 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What was that like? 464: Well the one I've went seen built separate from the house. {C: children playing} Only one I can remem- remember was my grandma. And she had a the house was built over here {D: ne-} the porch went through here and the kitchen was built off over there from the porch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Sorta like a hall through there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: The kitchen was built off over there. Interviewer: Do they call that porch anything special? 464: That's what they call it, the porch, that's what they called it long time ago. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Do you remember hearing different names for different kinds of porches? Like a porch that'd go around more than one side of the house it going around the house? 464: {X} Mm-hmm. {X} I have heard it but I done forgot about it. {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever heard something like um piazza or veranda or gallery or? 464: What? What? Interviewer: Piazza? Or gallery? 464: Gallery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Well I hear it used to long time ago I used to hear 'em talking about a gallery. Interviewer: What was that? 464: {NW} I called it a porch now. But it was something built onto the house like that on the front of the house like that they called it gallery then. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um what would you call a little room off the kitchen? 464: {X} a bath? Off from the kitchen? Interviewer: Yeah where you could keep canned goods and things. 464: Uh oh I can't think of the name of it now. I know but I just can't think of the name of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know where you keep canned goods, I know what I know what you're talking about but I just can't think of the name of 'em now. Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What'd y'all used to 464: Porch. Uh uh I might could call it but I done forgot it that quick. Interviewer: You call it pan- 464: Huh? Interviewer: Pan- 464: Mm-hmm. Pan- pantry. {D: Right} Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What about the say if you had a a lot of um old worthless things that weren't much good anymore you might say well that's not good for anything, that's just Say old furniture. You might 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 say that's # 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 that's no good # that's just 464: Something in the way {D: right} Interviewer: Uh-huh. B- 464: B- Say what? Interviewer: No go ahead. 464: I said you oughta to have here a {C: children playing} um {NS} {C: children playing} what do you call it? Mm well I can't think of that now. Cause I got some old stuff here that ain't no good. {NW} One of my sons was talking about building me a little old house out there to put it in but I done forgot what they call 'em though. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You call that a junk house 464: Mm- Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 hmm # Yeah a junk house. Yeah. I've got some old dresses and things here that but see I hate to throw anything away and burn it up because here about two years ago my daughter was staying here with me and she was working down in Crestview Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: and somebody give her a bunch of nice white shirts starched {D: and nice} pretty. She brought 'em here, she say ma she say a- a- whoever it was who give me these things she said but I know we didn't need 'em but I brought 'em on here and uh she said you can do whatever you want to with 'em. I said well I'll keep 'em. I said somebody might need 'em. And it weren't three weeks before family got burned out up at Laurel Hill Interviewer: {NW} 464: And {D: Celine} was down here and I said well them shirts come in good. I said yeah Said I'll give 'em to them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I said I hate to throw away anything cause somebody might need it one day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And so I kept them and they had got burned out and I give 'em them them white shirts and two pillows somebody had given me. I didn't have no use for 'em but I kept 'em piled up here until somebody come along that did have a use for 'em. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 464: I don't love to throw away nothing. Yeah. Got that old dresser right full of junk back in there. And my son that lives up in that house, said momma I'm gonna build you a old junk house where you can put this stuff in it. I say yeah, I say somebody might need it someday if I don't {NW} {NW} Yeah. Dear Lord hard as I come through {X} I ought to try to save every little thing. I've worked hard. My husband died when I was paying for these four acres of land. Hadn't paid but twenty dollars on it. And it was two-hundred-and-five dollars. And he died and we just paid a twenty dollars down on the place. Here and I was washed and ironed and scrubbed and swept yards and done a little of everything. Got us later at night talk I said well Lord I say you know I paid for this place honest. And I sure did, I paid for it honest, God knows I did. I worked it out. Scrubbing washing, hoeing cleaning yards and doing a little of everything. {D: In fact} one of my daughter-in-laws come by here this morning I hadn't got up it was deep day I hadn't got up she say lay up on your money, I said yeah I'm laying up on that I used to do. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Say um if your house was in a big mess you'd say you had to do what? 464: Clean it up. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Clean it up. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you use to sweep with? 464: Say what would I sweep with? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I'd sweep with a stick broom and mop with a mop. {NW} Interviewer: And say if the if the broom was in that corner there and the door was open so it was sort of hiding the broom you'd say that the broom was 464: Say what? Interviewer: You'd say the broom was where? 464: Back in the corner behind the door here. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And um now there's um where would a say a an unmarried man, where might he he take his shirts to have them washed and ironed? 464: To the laundry. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use that word laundry to mean washing and ironing? 464: Say which? Interviewer: How do you use the word laundry? {NS} 464: Wash 'em and {NS} iron 'em I reckon. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Would would you # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: ever say I have to the laundry instead of I have to do the washing and ironing? 464: Say what? Interviewer: Wha- you might say I have to do the washing and ironing 464: {NW} Interviewer: Would you ever say I have to do the laundry? 464: Mm-mm. No I don't know now. Interviewer: Okay. 464: I ain't never done none of that so I don't know nothing about it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Um and if you had a two-story house to get from the first floor to the second floor you'd have a 464: Say what? Interviewer: If you had a two-story house to get from the first floor to the second floor {NS} 464: I would have to Interviewer: Well what would you have in the house? {NS} 464: I'd have to go upstairs I reckon. Interviewer: Okay you'd call that the what you'd walk up, you'd call 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 that the # 464: the uh {D: oh I don't know} you'll have to tell me what to call Interviewer: #1 You'd call that the stairs or? # 464: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. Yeah, I'd call it the stairs. Interviewer: Okay. What about outside from the porch to the ground? 464: From the porch to the ground? Well I'd call that downstairs. Interviewer: Well what would you call the what do you have out here from from your porch down to the ground? 464: What I have the Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Steps. Doorsteps. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um say if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd tell someone to 464: Close it. Interviewer: Or another word you might use. 464: Fasten the door. Interviewer: Or 464: What? Interviewer: You might say close the door or you might say 464: Fasten the door. Interviewer: Or 464: {D: Well I don't know} Gosh I sure don't know what I'd say then. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um {D: you know some} what do you call the the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 464: {NW} lap over each other. Interviewer: I think her house next door has it. 464: {NW} uh {NW} Interviewer: You know what I mean? 464: {NW} Interviewer: Do you know what I mean? 464: Mm-mm. Interviewer: You know some houses they're um they're built out of wood 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 and they # take the boards 464: Mm-hmm, lap 'em over like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Mm-hmm. I know what you're talking about but I don't know what I'd call it. {NW} Interviewer: Would you call it something like weatherboard 464: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 or siding # 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Sure would. Interviewer: What would you call it? 464: Call it weatherboard. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um if you wanted to hang up a picture you'd take a nail and a 464: Nail it up on the wall. Interviewer: And what would you nail it with? 464: Say what would I nail it with? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: A hammer. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say I took the hammer and I what the nail into the wall? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I took the hammer and I what the nail in? 464: Hmm. Yeah knocked it into the wall. Interviewer: Okay. Or another word you might use instead of knocked it you'd say I 464: Nailed it in. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say um you'd say I I get in my car and I what into town? 464: Crank it up? Go to town? Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you're talking about driving you'd say um I get in my car and I what into town? 464: Drive. Interviewer: And you say yesterday I what my car? 464: Done what? Interviewer: Yesterday I 464: {D: driv} {C: past tense of drive} my car into town? Interviewer: Okay. And you say I have what my car into town? 464: Huh? Parked it. Interviewer: Or talking about driving it you say I have 464: {D: driv} {C: past tense of drive} my car into town. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} what might you um what would you call a little building that's used for storing wood? 464: Say which? Interviewer: You did you ever have a a little building for storing wood or for storing tools? 464: No I sure haven't. Interviewer: What's um you know before people had had bathrooms inside their house they used to have 464: Before people Interviewer: Before people had bathrooms inside their house. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Everybody had what? 464: {NW} Chambers I call 'em. {NW} Or pee pots {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about out in the yard? 464: Out in the yard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: What about out in the yard huh? Interviewer: That little building. 464: Little building. {X} I don't know, ain't never had any little building in the yard. Interviewer: Or 464: Oh. I know what you're talking about, restrooms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that what you called 'em? 464: Mm that's what I always called 'em, restrooms. {NW} Interviewer: What other names 464: Closets. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Closets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What else did people call that? 464: Let's see I don't know now. I always called 'em closets, outside closets and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: such as that. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any um names for it that weren't very nice? 464: {NW} Shit house. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} {NS} {NW} Oh Lordy. Interviewer: {NW} 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And um you might say 464: {NW} Interviewer: might say well I don't smoke cigars but he 464: He do. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um what different buildings did you have on the farm? 464: Say which? Interviewer: What different buildings did you have on a farm? 464: Buildings. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {D: Well} Interviewer: What what was the biggest building besides the house? 464: I couldn't tell you. Sure don't know that now. Besides the house {D: I don't know} Interviewer: #1 {D: or what} # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: where did you {NS} keep the hay? 464: Oh in a barn. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What part # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: of the barn? 464: The upper part of the barn. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 Barn. # Interviewer: What was that called? 464: Huh. Hay barn. Interviewer: Or the upper part. 464: The upper part. The I don't know. I called it upstairs, I don't know Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And um where did you keep corn? 464: In a crib. Interviewer: Okay. Was that part of the barn or what? 464: Down under the barn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It was in the bottom floor of the barn? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a a building used for storing grain? 464: Grain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {X} No I don't believe I did, if there is I forgot it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And say if you had a too much hay to put up in the barn you might leave it outside in a what? 464: Stake it around a post. Interviewer: Okay, you'd call that a when you do that you'd call that a a what? 464: Hay. Haystack. Interviewer: Okay. And um when you first cut the hay you know and you let it dry and then you rake it up what do you call those little piles of hay that you rake up? 464: Bale it. Interviewer: Well before they baled it. What do they call those little piles that they'd rake up? 464: {X} I don't know what they call that little piles. {C: children playing} Interviewer: Would you hear something like a a cock or a shock or doodle or a 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: Rick} {D: Okay} 464: {X} Uh-huh. shock it don't they Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um what different animals did you have on the farm? 464: Say which? Interviewer: What different animals did people use to have? 464: We only had horses and cows and mules and goats and Interviewer: What about to eat? 464: What? Interviewer: What about to eat? 464: Hogs. Interviewer: Okay. Where did where did they keep the cows? 464: Well they mostly kept 'em in a pasture and go in into the barn every evening. They'd come into the barn in the evening. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Fasten them up. Had pens to put hogs in. Interviewer: What'd you call 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 them? # 464: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 464: Huh? Interviewer: What'd you call those pens? 464: Hogpens. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What about the a fenced in place for a cow? Where you could leave him overnight? 464: Pastures. Interviewer: Or a small place you could leave 'em for milking. Leave 'em over night. 464: In a pen. Cow pen. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And where did you keep horses? 464: Kept 'em in stables. Interviewer: Would that what was that like? 464: You know little places just big enough for a horse to go into. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What'd you call the place around the barn where the animals would walk around? {NS} 464: I'd call it lots. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um you say corn grows in a 464: Hmm? Interviewer: You'd say corn grows in a what? 464: Fields. Interviewer: Okay. Um and talking about raising cotton when you get out there with a hoe and you kinda thin it out 464: #1 don't talk # Interviewer: #2 you call that # 464: about cotton. {NW} Say which? Interviewer: Huh? 464: What did you say? Interviewer: Did you ever work with cotton any? 464: Lord have mercy honey, I reckon I have. Interviewer: What sort of work would you have to do? 464: Have to chop it, you know they'd sow it. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 With a # {D: straw that's} sow it thick. Then when it would get up about like that you'd have to go through and pull it, chop it out like that to a stand Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And thin it out and leave two heels to a stand. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-mm. Yeah I have done my part of that. Chopping cotton. Interviewer: What do you call the grass that grows up in a cotton field? 464: Well it's uh it's uh {NS} {D: it's all grass now} I forget the name of it but some of it's old old uh I can't think of the name of that grass. It's old hay grass some of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Hmm. wild grass here late now these late years they got what these old moody grass be in it. And cotton and stuff you hoe like that. Interviewer: {D: Motor} grass? 464: Moody grass. Interviewer: Oh. {D: Moody} 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 How # 464: #2 And # water grass. Water grass be in cotton too. Interviewer: What's water gr- 464: Water grass, it grows old high up stuff. Be in big bunches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: How would you get a a field or a patch ready for planting? 464: Say how you would get it ready for planting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 464: Well take a uh disk and break it up. Interviewer: You take a what? 464: A disk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And break it up. As flat {X} And then when you get ready to plant go back and take care o- a steel beam and lay off the rows Interviewer: #1 What's a # 464: #2 like that. # Interviewer: steel beam? 464: It's that's old big plow that uh big old plow on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: You break it up like that. Interviewer: What other kinds of plows are there? 464: Well there's scrapes and scooters and shovels and {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} and there's field beans and and I done forgot them other little old plows, I done forgot the name of them. Interviewer: What about something that breaks up the ground finer than a plow, it's got little teeth to it? 464: That's a disk I think. Interviewer: Or have you ever heard another name for that? It's got teeth to it? 464: Mm-mm. No I don't think I have. Interviewer: You ever hear spring-tooth? 464: I mighta have but if it is I Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 forgot # 'em but I know they breaks them up with a disk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a harrow or a farrow? 464: Mm-hmm. I've hearing talk of them but Interviewer: What's that? 464: This some kind of plow that you know them come in since I've been quit farming. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do they call that? 464: {D: Well I don't} uh disk? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: They call that disk. Mm-hmm. You see I think the disk is up {D: land river} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: You never heard of harrow or farrow? 464: Harrow harrow harrow. Yeah I have heard of 'em. Sure have. Interviewer: What's that? 464: A harrow, a harrow a Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: something or other they called it, I don't know {D: now} Interviewer: What's um uh let's see um what would you call a place now where they had a lot of milk cows and they do you use that word dairy to mean anything else? 464: Huh? Interviewer: We- where where did you use to keep milk and butter before you had refrigerators? 464: {NW} {D: I don't know} I sure can't tell you that. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well whe- where did you # 464: #2 {NW} # {X} Well when we when we was having milk and butter why we mostly always drank it up fast as it got {NW} {D: got drank it} {NW} you know they'd keep it a day or two and it would clabber, we'd churn it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then we'd drink that buttermilk. {NW} But never was none sour on us. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What different kinds of um fences are there? 464: Fences? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: To keep the stock in you talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. {C: child screaming} 464: Well there are wire fences and Interviewer: What kinds of 464: #1 fence # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Huh? 464: Or {D: hot} wire. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And uh Interviewer: What about the kind of wire that will catch your clothes on it? 464: Do what? Interviewer: What about that kind of wire that will snag your clothes on it? 464: Barbed wire. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What about the old-fashioned wooden fence people used to have? 464: {NW} Well I don't know. {NW} {C: child} That's what I was talking about a while ago, I used to saw rail timber they'd saw the I think it was seven foot. They'd saw them blocks off. And then split 'em up and make rails out them and make fences out of them long time ago. Interviewer: What'd they call those fences? 464: They called 'em rail fence. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What kinds of fences did people have around their yard? 464: Yard. {NW} They mostly always have I don't know now. {NS} I did know but I done forgot now what they call it. Interviewer: Did you ever see something that comes to a point at the top that 464: Mm-hmm. But I don't know what you call 'em though. {NW} Sure don't {NW} Interviewer: Did you hear um 464: {NW} Interviewer: slat fence or paling fence or 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 I # yeah I've heard of that. Interviewer: What? 464: Paling and picket fences and Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Is that the same thing? Paling, what'd you use to call it? 464: I called it I used to call it picket picket fences. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But they'd have you know, there'd be little sharp points up like that. {X} up up on the top of the pickets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would they be nailed together or 464: Uh-huh. Yeah, they'd nail strips and then nail them little pieces around on the edge of them strips. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if you were gonna set up a wire fence you'd say you'd have to dig holes for the 464: Posts. Interviewer: And say you'd you'd dig a hole then you'd set the 464: Post down in it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: And then tack the wire around them posts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever {NW} they may not have had this around here but did you ever see a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock? 464: Mm-mm. I ain't never seen that. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um if you wanted to make a hen start laying what might you put in her nest to fool her? 464: Say what? What you put in a nest to fool her. I sure don't know. I don't know that now. {NW} Interviewer: That wasn't these plastic dishes did they? 464: No they wouldn't be plastic, they'd be uh uh {NS} it's uh one of my brothers used to say they'd be every place I reckon. {NW} Interviewer: #1 That they'd what? # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} I says one of my brothers used to say they'd be every place I reckon. {NW} {D: Near all Athen wooden} them less easy broke. Interviewer: Yeah. I was thinking of um chin- 464: China. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {C: speech distortion} 464: {C: speech distortion} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever see an egg made out of that? 464: Any what? Interviewer: Did you ever see an egg made out of {D: any of that?} 464: Mm-mm. {C: speech distortion} Interviewer: What did people use to carry water in? 464: What did they use to carry water in? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {C: speech distortion} jugs {C: speech distortion} wooden buckets. {C: tape distortion} Interviewer: Okay. Now what did you use to milk in? 464: {C: speech distortion} Milk in a {X} {C: speech distortion} Let's see now {X} milk I done forgot {C: tape distortion} what you call 'em, what you milk in. {NS} tin buckets. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And what about the thing you'd have in a kitchen to put uh food for the hogs in? 464: Slop jars slop buckets? Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you cut some flowers and were gonna keep 'em in the house you'd put 'em in a 464: Jar and some water. Interviewer: Or it might not be a jar it might 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 be a # 464: cup or something with water in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Well what that thing over there that those flowers are in, what do you call that? {NS} well the thing that you got the 464: That bowl? Interviewer: Well the other flowers. 464: Yeah. {NS} {X} {X} it's a cup all I know. Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I'd say it's # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Um say if you were setting the table next to each plate you'd give everyone a 464: Glass of tea or a glass of water or coffee or Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 something. # Interviewer: Um talking about the coffee if you wanted some coffee and there there wasn't any ready you'd say you had to go 464: And make some. Interviewer: Okay. And um talking about putting milk in your coffee you'd say some people like it 464: Straight. Interviewer: What's straight? 464: With nothing in it, that's the way I like mine. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Um 464: {NW} Interviewer: What if what if you put um what they you say um if you don't put milk in your coffee then you say you're not drinking your coffee with milk, you're drinking it 464: Without milk. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Without milk. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 Say # if you don't drink it with milk Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: you drink it s- I call it straight, Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 that's what # {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression drinking it barefooted? 464: Mm-hmm, that's what some of my children say, barefooted. {NW} With no sugar and no s- {X} milk no nothing in it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um if you were real thirsty you might say I what a glass of water? 464: Say what? Interviewer: If you were real thirsty you might say I what a glass of water? 464: {D: call it} a glass of water. Interviewer: What what 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 would you do? # Interviewer: Say I 464: Drank it. Interviewer: Okay. And you might ask me how much have you 464: Drank. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say that glass fell off the sink and 464: Broke. Interviewer: And so you say somebody had 464: Drank my water? Interviewer: Or somebody had what that glass? 464: Broke my glass. Interviewer: Okay. And you say uh but the person might say well I didn't mean to 464: Break it. Interviewer: Okay. And um you'd say this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock? 464: Say what? Interviewer: This morning I what 464: Ate breakfast. Interviewer: Okay. And you say yesterday at that time I had already 464: Ate breakfast. Interviewer: Okay. And tomorrow I will 464: {D: Will} eat again I reckon. {NW} Interviewer: And uh next to each plate you give every- to eat with you give everyone a 464: Spoon or a fork. Interviewer: Or 464: A glass of water or a glass of coffee or a cup of coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And to cut their meat with you give 'em a 464: Knife. Interviewer: And say if there was four people eating you'd give them four forks and four spoons and four 464: Knives. Interviewer: And um if the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to go 464: Wash dishes. Interviewer: And you say after she washes the dishes then she what them in clear water? 464: scald 'em Interviewer: Or another word for that you'd say then she 464: Dry 'em Interviewer: Well to get the soap of 'em you'd say she 464: Scalds them. Interviewer: okay or she rin- 464: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What's that? 464: Rinse. Interviewer: Okay you'd say she what them in clear water? 464: Mm-hmm Dry 'em. Interviewer: Okay. And um what do you call the cloth or rag you use when you're washing dishes? 464: The one you wash with? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I call it the dish rag I wash with and the then I have a drying rag I dry 'em when I scald 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um what about the thing you use to bathe your face with? 464: Bath. Baths. A pan. Interviewer: Well the the cloth 464: #1 Oh the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: cloth, bath cloth. Interviewer: Okay. Did you remember what you'd use to call that? 464: Washrag what we u- {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And you dry yourself off with a 464: Towel. Interviewer: Okay. And um you say flour used to come in a 464: Say which? Interviewer: Flour it used to come in a big old 464: Sack. Interviewer: Okay. But what about anything bigger than that? 464: Say what? Interviewer: What about that that big wooden thing it used to come in? 464: Uh barrel. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the things that run around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 464: {X} what? hold what? The wood in place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I done forgot about that, I don't {NW} Interviewer: Well you know those those metal things that 464: Mm-hmm Metals but I don't know what you'd call 'em. I know the metals that goes around the barrels to hold it but Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Mm-hmm {NW} Interviewer: Would you call that hoops or hoop- 464: Hoops. That's it. They call 'em hoops. Interviewer: Okay. And what about something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in? 464: Keg. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you were gonna pour something from a a big container into something with a narrow mouth, to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a 464: {X} I can't think of it right Interviewer: You know what I mean? 464: Mm-hmm I know what you're talking about but I can't think of what you'd call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Thing that looks like that? 464: Mm-hmm Mm I can't think of the name of the thing. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Did you # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: call that a tunnel or a funnel or 464: Funnel yeah. Mm-hmm Interviewer: What's that? 464: Funnel. Interviewer: Okay. And um how if you went and bought about um six gallons or so of of lard you'd call that a 464: Can. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever hear stand? Stand of lard? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called a stand? 464: I heard it called a can Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: of lard. Interviewer: Okay. And um what'd people use to cook in? Say what would you fry eggs in? 464: Fryers. Interviewer: Okay. Anything um what'd a fryer look like? 464: Go around black thing what they usually {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Did it have # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: legs in it? 464: Mm-hmm {NW} Spiders and all such as that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A spider had legs on it. 464: Spiders had legs on it. Interviewer: Does a fryer? 464: Fryers don't have no legs on 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: They just have a handle and flat body. sit Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 down. # Interviewer: Is that what people call 'em now? Fryers? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Is that what people call 'em now? 464: Fry Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 uh-huh. # Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh did people raise cane around here much? 464: Say did do they raise it? Interviewer: {NW} 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: yeah they raise it right smart around here now. Interviewer: What do they raise it for? 464: Well some of 'em just raise it to chew and some of 'em raise it to make syrup and juice out of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's um did you ever see 'em make syrups? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah I'd seen them make syrup, I have helped make it. Way back here when I was a gal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: How how did you make it? 464: They'd make it old cane old syrup kettle Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Great big old kettle. Sitting on a furnace or something {D: and} put wood up under there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And have old things they'd skim the foam off 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever um uh what about something um thicker than syrup? 464: Thicker than syrup? Honey? Interviewer: Or maybe did you ever hear blackstrap mo- 464: Mm-mm No I ain't never Interviewer: Did you ever hear mola- 464: Molasses. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Molasses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's that? 464: I call it syrup. Interviewer: It's the same thing? 464: Mm-hmm, that's what I call it. Same thing Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear those called long sweetening and short sweetening? 464: No I didn't hear it that. {NS} No I ain't if I is I done forgot it. Oh {NS} Interviewer: And you remember when um people'd be out in their their yards to do the wash what what'd they call the thing they'd boil the water in? 464: Washpot. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Washpot. Interviewer: Okay. 464: I got one out there now. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh you do? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} {D: here} Interviewer: You still use it do you? 464: No I don't use it, I got me a washing machine now since I got old. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: I sure have used it Lord a many a day. Interviewer: {NS} Say if if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster you'd hit 'em with the 464: Whip. Interviewer: Okay. And if you went to the store and bought some things {D: nowadays the} the grocer would put 'em in a what would he put 'em in for you to carry home? 464: Box. Interviewer: Or 464: Paper sack and Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 boxes. # Interviewer: And um what did um what did um feed used to come in? 464: Feed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {X} Interviewer: You know that kinda rough cloth. 464: Cloth uh sacks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm {NW} Interviewer: what kinda sack? 464: Some some of it horse feed would come in croker sacks {X} Our feed would come in white sacks. You used to buy it flour in white sacks and meal too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: In white sacks. Interviewer: What about fertilizer? 464: Fertilizer. It comes in paper bags. Interviewer: What about um gu- guan- 464: Guano. It comes in paper bags too. Interviewer: What'd you call that? 464: Paper bags, I call 'em paper bags. Interviewer: What what comes in paper bags? 464: Guano. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever hear of something called a guano sack? 464: Mm-hmm Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 464: That's white sack. Some of 'em be white, I've bought 'em in white sacks. Made sheets out them. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {X} # {NW| #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What do you call those things again? # 464: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 464: {NW} say which? Interviewer: What did you call those things? 464: Guano sack? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {D: I I was about to say} they come in you get some in white sacks. Cause I have made sheets out of them white guano sack. Interviewer: {NW} 464: And slips Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 too {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What about have you ever heard {D: gem} {C: children playing} Gem sack? 464: No I don't think I ever heard of them. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {X} # I've never heard of them. Interviewer: Okay. Say if if the lamp on the porch wasn't burning you might have to screw in a new 464: Say which? {NS} Interviewer: If if that wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new 464: Uh bulb. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you went out and got enough firewood, got as much as can carry in both of your arms you'd say you had a 464: Load. Interviewer: Bu- 464: #1 A turn. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Huh? 464: A turn. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what would you call the amount of corn that you'd take to the mill to be ground? 464: Bushel. Interviewer: Or 464: A bushel? Interviewer: Or if if you if you didn't know exactly how much it was would you ever call that a turn of corn? 464: {D: I guess} I'd call it a turn. {NW} Interviewer: What do you mean by turn? How much would that be? 464: How much it would be that I'd call it a turn #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And um when you carry the wash out to hang it on the line you carry it out in a clothes- 464: uh clothes basket. Interviewer: Okay. And if you opened a bottle and then wanted to close it back up so it wouldn't spill out you'd stick in a 464: Stopper. Interviewer: And that'd be made out of 464: {X} Interviewer: What'd they used to be made out of? The stoppers. 464: Corncob. I haven't used corncobs since cork stoppers and all kind {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um This is a musical instrument that that people play it goes like this 464: Say which? Interviewer: A musical instrument that you play like this. 464: Harps. Interviewer: Okay. What about the one like this? 464: Juice harp? Interviewer: Okay. And talking about a wagon a if you have a wagon and two horses what's the long wooden piece that comes between the horses? 464: The shaft. Interviewer: How how's the shaft? 464: It goes up between the horses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Goes up between the horses and it hitches to trace chains to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if you have a horse pulling a buggy? You have to back 'em up between the 464: Shafts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You call it a shaft even if it if there's a wagon and two horses? 464: Yeah that's what I'd call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the tongue? Did you ever call it a tongue? 464: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: Or tongue or} 464: Wagon tongue I call it {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And um talking about the wheel the on a wagon a wheel's um the thing that runs it holds the wheels in place is called the that holds the wheels together, it runs from one wheel to the other is called the 464: I know what you talking about but I can't call it now. Sure can't. I just can't call the name of it Interviewer: #1 well # 464: #2 but I # know what you Interviewer: you have that in a car too. It from #1 one # 464: #2 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: wheel 464: To the other one. Interviewer: You call that the 464: {D: Yeah} Interviewer: Call it the axle or the 464: Axle. Yeah sure. Interviewer: What's that? 464: The axle. Interviewer: Okay. And how about the parts of the wheel? Starting on the inside you have the hub, then the spokes that come out of the hub and then fit into the 464: {NW} {D: both the} spokes and the the hubs. To the they fits into the axles, don't they? Interviewer: Well I mean going outward. You have the hub then the spokes come out and they fit into 464: The wheel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What part of the wheel touches the ground? 464: The uh iron part. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's that called? 464: {X} I don't know. I know but I just can't think what to call it. {NW} Interviewer: Is one part called the rim or 464: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 the # tire? 464: Sure do. Rim and the tire. Interviewer: What now what's the rim and the tire? 464: That's the what part it hit's on the ground. Ain't it? Interviewer: Well what what did you call it? Is that what you called it? Or 464: The wheel, the uh the rim. Interviewer: That that's what you used to call it? 464: That's what we used to call it. Interviewer: What'd you call the part of the wooden part that the rim fit on? 464: We called it spokes. Interviewer: Well no there's a a wooden part you know 464: Oh it went went be- tween that rim and the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 464: ground I done forgot what they called it. Now sure is. {NW} Interviewer: And um when you have a horse hitched to a wagon the traces come back and they hook onto the 464: {X} {NS} traces come back and hook onto the uh I can't think of that now. Interviewer: Did you remember do you know what what that is? The It's a bar of wood 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: that the traces'd hook onto it. 464: Mm-hmm. Now I remember but I can't call it now. Sure can't. Many times I've hooked them up I oughta {X} but I {NW} {NW} {NW} {X} Interviewer: Have you heard it called something-something-tree? 464: Say what? Interviewer: Something 464: Trace. Trace chains? Interviewer: No the things that the that the 464: That trace chain hooks onto. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {X} {X} now what there's a piece of wood ain't it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: About that long with some iron on the end where you hook them trace chains on but I can't call the name of it, I sure can't. That's all I ever did learn how to drive. {NW} was a horse and a mule and wagon or a horse and wagon. {NW} {NW} but I just can't think of what they call 'em now. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear that called swingletree or singletree? 464: Sure did, yeah. Sure did, swingletree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if you had two horses each one have a singletree? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You'd say that both of those where hitched to be called the 464: Double swingletree? Interviewer: Okay. And um say if a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you'd say that he was 464: Say which? Interviewer: If someone had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you'd say that he was doing what? 464: {D: well I don't know} I don't know what I'd say. Interviewer: Well would you say that he was drawing wood or parting wood? 464: Oh he was hauling wood. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um say if there was a a log across the road you'd say I tied a chain around it and I 464: Drug it out. Interviewer: Okay and you say we have what many logs out of this road. 464: {X} have drug many logs out the road. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say you have to tie a chain around it if you wanna 464: Draw it out. Interviewer: Or if you wanna what it out? 464: {D: put} Interviewer: If you want to 464: Draw it log out Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you were gonna chop a log you know you might set it in a frame, maybe an X-shaped frame. Do you remember that? Do you re- 464: Say what? Interviewer: Did you ever see if someone was gonna chop a log did you ever see a an X-shaped frame you know shaped like this? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That people'd set that log in to saw it or chop it? 464: Saw it, yeah. Set them there and saw it. Straight across. Interviewer: Do you remember what they call that frame that they'd put it in? 464: mm-mm, sure don't. Interviewer: What about um {NS} {NS} say if someone was gonna 464: #1 Say # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: which? Interviewer: If someone was gonna saw a board they might set it in a well they might might have two things um frames built out of wood 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 ma- # made of cloth. 464: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you remember what they'd call those? {NW} 464: I sure don't. Interviewer: Did you ever hear something um rack or sawbuck or 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 sawhorse? # 464: Sure have. Hear them talking about racks and things like that. Interviewer: What what does a rack look like? 464: {NS} I don't know. To tell you, I don't {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: You just heard people talk about it? 464: That's all, I've heard 'em talk about it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if your hair was messed up you might to fix it you might use a comb and a 464: I called it breaking it up. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: You you could use a comb {X} you could use a 464: A brush. Interviewer: Okay and if you were going to use one of those you'd say you were going to 464: Comb your hair. Interviewer: Or 464: Brush it. Interviewer: okay. And um you'd sharpen a straight razor on a leather what? 464: Strop. Interviewer: And um {NW} what do people put in a pistol? 464: Bullets. Interviewer: Or you might call it bullet. What else might you call it? 464: Cartridges. Interviewer: Okay. And um this is something that children used to play on, you take a board and lay it across a trestle and they'd go up and down. 464: Um {X} forgot, I can't call it right now. They'd call it riding horses. That's what they used to #1 call # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: it. Interviewer: #1 If you # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: saw some children playing on that you'd say that they were doing what? 464: Playing riding horse. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see 'em take a board and stake it down at both ends and children would jump on it? 464: Springboard? Interviewer: Okay, how how would that be built? 464: Well it'd be all the piece here'd be uh one end over down on here and one over here and they'd be jumping up and down. Way I seed 'em {C: past tense of see} doing it. Interviewer: It'd be build the same way as this riding horse? 464: Sure. Interviewer: And um how about something spinning around and around? 464: A merry-go-round I call it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Anything old people used to call it? 464: What's that? Interviewer: Well you might call it a merry-go-round 464: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: what they used to call 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear flying 464: Flying Jenny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Was that the same thing? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. And um you might {D: touch} uh tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a 464: Swing. Interviewer: Okay. And um what do people carry coal in? 464: Say what? {C: children playing} Interviewer: Did you ever burn coal in your house? 464: mm-mm, I ain't never burnt nothing. Interviewer: But you know what they'd carry coal in? 464: Nuh-uh. Interviewer: {X} what about what runs from the stove to the chimney? 464: Fireplace. Fire. Interviewer: Well yeah but in a stove like a a w- wood stove you know? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The thing that runs from the stove up to the chimney. 464: Smoke? Interviewer: What the the part of the stove. 464: Pipe. Interviewer: Okay. And um this is something you could use if you were gonna move bricks or something heavy like that. It's got a a little wheel at the front of it. 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 It's got # two handles. 464: Uh-huh. {NW} I don't know Interviewer: Do you know what I mean? 464: Uh-uh. {X} Interviewer: It's something you might have around your yard. If you were gonna do some heavy well people use it in construction work or even if you were gonna move {NS} {NS} and um it's got two handles. And you lift it up sort of and push it. 464: {NW} I don't know what that is. Interviewer: You call it a wheel- 464: Wheelbarrow? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: A wheelbarrow? Interviewer: Okay. 464: Oh {NW} Interviewer: And um say if what would you use to sharpen tools on? 464: Sharp whetrock and a and a file. Interviewer: Okay. What about something big you could use? 464: Well to use axes on why I'd use a whee- uh whetrock. {C: children} Interviewer: Okay. Well something that turns around. 464: Mm-hmm. Turn it over like that. Interviewer: Is that the whetrock? 464: That's a whetrock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever hear of grind- 464: Say which? Interviewer: Something called a grind- 464: Grinding rock, Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What's 464: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 that? # 464: call 'em whetrocks or something. Big old wheel and it's got a handle in it and you put it up in a rack and turn it like that and have a axe Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: That's what you sharpen axes they what they use to sharpen axes on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What what do they call the little thing that you could hold in your hand? 464: That's a uh uh uh I know it but I can't call it right now. A file. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um something that that people drive nowadays. No one has a a horse and a buggy, everyone has a 464: Say what? Something you drive and don't have no horse and buggy. Interviewer: Yeah. Well I mean 464: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: huh? 464: What is it? A motorcycle? Interviewer: Well nowadays everybody drives a 464: {X} Interviewer: No one uses a horse and buggy nowadays, they all have a 464: Car? Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for car? 464: I don't know. I call 'em cars and trucks {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And uh if something was squeaking uh you might have to do what to it? 464: I sure couldn't tell you that now. Better carry it to the shop I reckon. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Well what what do you do to a pan so that {D: if either} fry eggs or something so that they won't stick to the pan? First of all you 464: Say what would I do to 'em? Interviewer: Yeah, what would you do to the pan? 464: Well I always always put kinda grease in there and let it get hot before I put my Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: So you call that, you say you what the pan? You 464: Greasing the pan. Interviewer: Okay. You say I'm yesterday I what the pan? 464: Greased the pan. Interviewer: And you say I have to what the pan? 464: to cook the eggs. Interviewer: Yeah. Before a- 464: Grease. Grease the pan to cook the eggs. Interviewer: Okay. If grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 464: Messed up. Interviewer: #1 Or # 464: #2 greased # up. Interviewer: Or all grea- 464: Sure. Interviewer: Huh? 464: All greased up I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: knock on the door} 464: Come on in. Come on! Come on in! {C: door opens} Good evening. Aux: Hey again. 464: Alright I alright I'll get you a seat. Aux: No I'm just watching. {X} 464: Go ahead. Maybe he can help me answer some of these questions. Interviewer: Say if if something was squeaking you might have to put a few drops of 464: Oil. Interviewer: Okay. And um what do you what did people use to burn in lamps? 464: Kerosene. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see people make a lamp using a rag and a bottle? {X} 464: Well I sure have, I have used one myself. Interviewer: #1 How do they do that? # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: Twist 'em a rag, put some kerosene in a bottle. Twist up a rag, put it down in there and stick a match to it and there it would go. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: You remember what that was called? 464: Flambeaus. Interviewer: Okay. And um inside the tire of the car you have the 464: Huh? What? Interviewer: Inside the tire of a car you have the inner- 464: Now I can't tell you nothing about that {X} to answer them questions {NW} I don't know nothing about no car. {NW} {X} Aux: Good boy {C: talking to a dog} 464: Mm-hmm. Well you'll have to tell about that {X} Aux: He doesn't hear it. 464: Yeah but I don't know nothing about that question. Aux: Then you don't answer it, you don't understand. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about different types of boats that people used to have? 464: Boats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Old paddling boats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Paddling back like that. Wooden boats. Interviewer: Do you remember anything else that they'd used to be called? 464: {NW} I sure don't. Interviewer: {D: You ever hear of backtow or} 464: A what? Interviewer: {D: Backtow.} This kind of boat? 464: No I don't think I have. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color you'd say she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a 464: Uh pesky piece of cloth wanting the dress she wanted to buy. Aux: Huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Or um {NS} Aux: {X} {NS} Interviewer: what would you call that? That little piece of cloth, she'd take it along to use as a 464: A test I'd call. Interviewer: Okay. And say if um if you went into a store and they had a maybe a new kind of food out of something and they wanted you to try it, they'd offer you a free 464: Sample. Interviewer: Okay. And um what might you wear over your dress in the kitchen? 464: Say which? Interviewer: What might you wear over your dress in the kitchen? 464: A apron. Interviewer: Okay. And to sign your name in ink you'd use a 464: Ink pen. Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place you'd use a 464: I don't know what you'd hold for that. Interviewer: #1 The thi- # 464: #2 {X} # {NW} I don't know what you'd hold for that. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # {D: how about} {D: recommendations} {NW} Interviewer: What 464: Been so long since I've been tending to babies. Interviewer: {NW} Well you you'd call that a safety 464: Pin. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And a dime is worth 464: What? Interviewer: A dime is worth 464: A dime. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Worth what? Interviewer: What's it worth? 464: {D: I don't know} twenty cents? Interviewer: Well it's not a dime isn't worth twenty cents, it's worth 464: A dime. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It's worth do you say two nickels or 464: Uh uh a nickel. Interviewer: Worth ten 464: twe- ten cent. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if someone had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water for the first time, you'd say that they were going to what the boat? 464: Try it out. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um toothpaste comes in a 464: Say which? Interviewer: Toothpaste. It comes in a what? 464: Uh can't call that now. Paste. Paste. Jar, bottle or something. Interviewer: No it's not a bottle 464: #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 it ha- # 464: a jar? Interviewer: Or 464: In a toothpaste? Interviewer: Yeah. Comes in a something lo- 464: Tube. Interviewer: Huh? 464: In a tube? Interviewer: Okay. And if it was real cold before you went out you might put on your 464: Coat. Interviewer: Okay. And what does a man wear to church on Sunday? 464: Say what do you wear on Sunday? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: He wears his coat and his tie. Interviewer: And here he 464: #1 wears his # Interviewer: #2 he wears his # 464: pants. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for pants? 464: {NW} britches I reckon all I know {NW} Interviewer: And um do you remember a long time ago men would be all dressed up in they'd have a sleeveless 464: Shirt. Interviewer: Or {D: uh but} 464: Uh a what? Interviewer: They'd put on a shirt and then they'd put on a 464: Jack- uh uh vest. Interviewer: Okay. What's a jacket? 464: Say which? Puffer jacket? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: It's a long sleeve. Interviewer: Okay. And what might a man wear if he was working outside maybe around the barn? 464: Say what would he wear? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: What in the wintertime or anytime? Interviewer: No just anytime. 464: Well he put on his old overalls and Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you went outside and forgot your coat and you wanted it you might say I'm would you go inside the house and what me my coat? 464: Bring me my coat? Interviewer: And so you say so then he went inside and 464: Brought me my coat. Interviewer: And he'd say here I have 464: Brought your coat. Interviewer: Okay. And you say that coat won't fit this year but last year it what perfectly? 464: Fit. Interviewer: And um say if if a man had an important interview, job interview or something and his clothes weren't in very good shape he'd go out to the store and buy a 464: {NW} some more clothes to fit. Interviewer: Or it it wouldn't be old, it would be a brand 464: New suit. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Fit. Interviewer: And if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them 464: Stick out. Interviewer: Or another way of saying that make them do what? 464: Bulge out? Interviewer: Okay. And you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it 464: {NW} drawed up. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word for that? 464: Mm-mm. Interviewer: I washed 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 it # 464: drawed up and got too little or Interviewer: Uh-huh. But what about shrink or shrink? 464: Shrink. Shrink. Interviewer: You say I washed the shirt and it 464: It shrinked up. Interviewer: And you say seems like every shirt I've washed recently has 464: Shrinked. Interviewer: And I hope this new shirt won't 464: Shrink. Interviewer: And um if a woman likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to 464: Say what? Interviewer: If a woman likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to 464: Likes to put 'em on and them fit her. Interviewer: {NW} and she likes to do what? 464: {NW} I don't know {NW} {NW} I ain't put on no good ones in so long I don't know what she'd Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: So what about a woman that likes to stand in front of the mirror and fix her hair 464: Dress her hair. Interviewer: You say she likes to 464: Dress her hair and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: look let it look nice. Interviewer: Would you say she likes to slick up or priss up or doll up? 464: Sure do. {X} shoot I would if I was b- young enough, I'd liked to primp up and doll up and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Would you say that about a man? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Say what? Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 464: Yeah he likes to do that too some of 'em. Interviewer: He likes to do what? 464: Dress up and primp up. Doll up hisself {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And um what do people use to carry coins in? 464: Carry what? Interviewer: Carry coins in. 464: Coins. Interviewer: Yeah carry your money in. 464: {NW} old pocketbooks. Interviewer: What about 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 the # Interviewer: little 464: little old bags. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or that little leather thing. 464: #1 Little # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: leather thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You call that a coin 464: Mm-hmm. {X} What do we call it? I done forgot now what they call them things. Interviewer: Well what do they 464: {NW} Interviewer: carry nowadays? 464: Purses. Interviewer: Okay. And um what might a woman wear around her wrist? 464: Watch. Interviewer: Or a 464: A a band. Interviewer: Or 464: Wristband. Interviewer: Or just a {NW} a piece of jewelery would be a 464: Wristbands. Interviewer: Or a brace- 464: {X} bracelets. Interviewer: Okay. And um what if you had a a lot of little things strung up together that you'd put around your neck? 464: Beads? Interviewer: You'd call that a what? 464: Necklace. Interviewer: Would you call that a string of beads? Or pair of beads? Or 464: I call 'em pair of beads and string of beads. {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And um what did men use to wear to hold up their pants? 464: Hold up their pants? Interviewer: The thing that'd come up like this and 464: Oh suspenders. Interviewer: Okay. What'd they used to call those? 464: Galluses Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um what would you hold over you when it rained? 464: Umbrella. Parasol. Interviewer: Okay. Is that the same thing? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And um what's the last thing that you put on the bed? 464: On the bed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: When you start the bed? Interviewer: Well the fancy cover. 464: Oh sheets. Interviewer: But th- 464: Uh bedspreads. Interviewer: Okay. Any old-fashioned name for that? 464: let me see I don't think no. No I don't know a old-fashioned name for that. Interviewer: And at the head of the bed you put your head on the 464: Pillow. Interviewer: Did you ever see anything about twice as long as the pillow? 464: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: And what did people use to make um for warmth? 464: For what? Interviewer: People well what what you could make in the 464: Quilts. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um you said you had a a lot of company and didn't have enough beds for everyone, for the children you might make a 464: Pallet. Interviewer: Okay. And um talking about um farming say we raised a big what of corn this year? 464: Crop of corn. Interviewer: Okay. And you say um talking about land you might say we expect a big crop from that field because the soil is very 464: I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Well you mean you mean that the soil is very rich. 464: Mm- Interviewer: #1 say the # 464: #2 hmm. # Interviewer: soil is very 464: Rich. Interviewer: Or very ferti- 464: Mm-hmm. Fertile. Interviewer: Huh? 464: I say yes very rich and uh now I can't think of it Interviewer: You say fer- 464: Something I can't think of it right now {NW} Interviewer: What different types of land are there? 464: Well I sure couldn't tell you. Some of it's got good soil and some of it ain't so good soil. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call #1 the # 464: #2 the # Interviewer: the flat land a- along a stream that's overflowed and 464: Say what they call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Well I'd call it in a sort of flat marshy place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you call that interval or lowland or bottom 464: Lowland I'd call it. {NS} Interviewer: Huh? 464: I'd call it lowland. Interviewer: Okay. You ever hear bottom land? 464: I have heard of it. Interviewer: Um what about a a field that might not be good for anything but but raising grass and clover, alfalfa? 464: I sure couldn't tell you. I think {D: it's um} old sandy pole land, that's what I'd think it was. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Sandy land. Interviewer: What different types of soil are there? 464: Say which? Interviewer: What different types of soil are there? 464: There are lots of difference but you know I ain't never I ain't never knowed so much about that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: About that soil or land or some of it's better soil than others I know. Interviewer: Does it have different names? Do you know? 464: No I sure don't. Interviewer: You ever heard loam or loom? 464: Mm-mm, {D: I don't think I have.} Interviewer: What about um land that that you can't plant anything in because it's got um it's got water standing in it? 464: Mm-hmm {D: well I} I've heard tell of lots of that too but I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Some of it they say you can't plant nothing in it because there's too much water in it. Some of 'em I've heard 'em talking about is uh there ain't enough soil in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: To have no luck of making nothing out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did um 464: It'd be too dry or Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 something # or another. Interviewer: Did y'all ever grow um did you ever know any people in your family growing honey? 464: Honey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What where would they grow honey? 464: They'd go back on the river swamp. Down on the creek swamps. Interviewer: And um a swamp has trees growing in it doesn't it? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah. Plenty of 'em. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Say if you had some some land that was a little sloppy and you wanted to get it you wanted to to grow some things in it you'd you'd say you wanted to 464: Well make a farm or something Interviewer: #1 Yeah what would you ha- # 464: #2 like that # Interviewer: you'd do to get the water off? You'd say you had to 464: Well uh I don't know but they'd most of the places where it's got heap of bushes and things like in swamp like that they always make fishing ponds out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But if you wanted to get the water off you'd say you wanted to do what to it? 464: To farm on. Interviewer: Yeah to get the water off 464: I don't know what I'd do to get the water off {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} I sure don't. Interviewer: Well what what would you dig to carry the water out? 464: {NW} Interviewer: A little 464: Pipes I reckon would Interviewer: No the sort of trenches 464: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 things # 464: what I'm talking about, you'd dig a little trench and put a pipe and let it run off I reckon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say it's gonna drain off or {D: dreen} off or 464: Drain off. I'd say it would drain off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um what would you call say say if there had been a a heavy rain and the rain water had cut a little 464: {D: Bank in there} I'd call it. Interviewer: A little what? 464: I'd call it a little {D: bank in there} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Um what if it was thinner than that? If it had like maybe in a field something real wide and deep 464: Mm- Interviewer: #1 that # 464: #2 hmm. # Interviewer: #1 would # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the water if it carried that land off. 464: Carried the land off? Interviewer: Uh-huh. It's a real thick open sort of 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: pole} # 464: Mm-hmm. I don't know what Interviewer: Or would you call that a a ditch or a gully or a 464: #1 I'd call # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: I'd call it a gully. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What about something along the side of the road to carry the water off? 464: Sewer pipe? Interviewer: Or something that people have cut. 464: Oh ditches. Interviewer: Okay. And um what are some of the say what are some of the streams around here? 464: Say what? Interviewer: What are some of the streams around here? 464: Say what is some of 'em? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Well I don't know now. Right down there there are streams. Back over there another one. Interviewer: #1 {X} is it # 464: #2 Creek # Interviewer: what 464: Call this one back over here they call it Muddy Creek. And this here this a pond down there. Used to be a branch but they made a big old pond out of it down there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the difference between a branch and a creek? 464: I don't know. {D: Just uh} Interviewer: Is one of 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 'em # bigger? 464: The creek's bigger than the branch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about something bigger than the creek? 464: A pond. And a river. Interviewer: And a what? 464: And a river, Yellow River. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh say a a small rising land, you'd call that a 464: Say which? Interviewer: A small rising land you would call that a 464: {X} I don't know what Interviewer: #1 Or where the land # 464: #2 you'd call # Interviewer: goes up that would be a little 464: Hill. Interviewer: Okay. And to open a door you'd say {D: closes} the door 464: And pull it. Interviewer: You #1 open # 464: #2 open. # Interviewer: the door 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what? # 464: twist it. And pull it open Interviewer: But what would you take hold of? 464: That knob. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? 464: No I ain't never used it. Interviewer: Okay. And something bigger than a a something bigger than a hill is a 464: Mountain. Interviewer: Okay. And the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp 464: {X} Interviewer: You say somebody jumped over the 464: Say which? Interviewer: The rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp. It hangs over. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You call that the 464: The uh {X} I don't know the gully I reckon I don't know Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 what # we'd call {NW} Interviewer: And um say if um {NW} if you'd took a piece of wood and made a little cut in it you'd say you cut a little 464: Pinch in it. Interviewer: Or say uh {NW} it was a little V-shaped cut, they say you cut a 464: V. Interviewer: Okay. Say um do y- you know on television um the gunfighters for every man that they've killed they'd cut a what in their gun? 464: A {D: indention} in their gun? Interviewer: Okay. And um what do you call the place where boats stop and where freight's unloaded? 464: Let's see now. Sure don't know, I ought to but I just can't think now. {NW} Interviewer: Well on a river the place where boats stop would be called a 464: {NW} boat boat stop I reckon or Interviewer: Okay. What about down on the gulf? 464: #1 Gu- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: where those big ships come in? 464: Uh-huh. I don't know nothing about that. Sure don't. Interviewer: And say if you had some some water that was flowing along and all of a sudden it it went on over. 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You'd # call that a 464: {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 You know you know # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you have water, a stream and 464: {NW} Interviewer: all of a sudden it it goes 464: #1 it # Interviewer: #2 down. # 464: go down. Interviewer: That'd make a little what? 464: {NW} I can't think, you'll just have to tell me what it {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: would you call that a pour over or a falls or water- 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 fall? # 464: Pour over I reckon, must be. Interviewer: Is that what you'd call it? 464: Yeah, that's what I'd call it. {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: If you've used that word yourself? 464: Say which? Interviewer: You've you do use that word 464: Well I sure have, {X} sure do use it, a pour over. {NW} Interviewer: Are there any of those here? 464: Not as I know of. I don't think there are none around here nowhere. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen one? 464: No I sure haven't. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um what different types of roads are there around here? 464: What different types Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 of # roads? Well {D: they're} highway, four-way highway between here and Crestview Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then there's uh I forgot what they call {D: them} I done forgot what they call this highway go back this way. Interviewer: What do you 464: b- Interviewer: What's that this highway made out of? 464: {NW} I don't know, cement I reckon I don't know. Gravels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I think that's what it's made out of. Interviewer: What about a little road that goes off the main road? 464: Little road that's this road right here. Goes back that way toward the creek, call it the see now what do they call that road? I done forgot that now. Interviewer: Well just what would you call any road like that out in the country? 464: {D: They just} call it the country highway all I know. Call it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What would it it probably wouldn't be paved, it would be 464: Say which? Interviewer: It probably wouldn't be paved, would it? 464: Uh-uh. Interviewer: What would it be? 464: I sure couldn't tell you now. I done got old and forget things that I did know, I done forgot it all {NW} {NW} ain't knowed nothing much but hard work. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Well it wouldn't it wouldn't have any covering on it, it'd just be a what kind of road? 464: Just a plain old highway all I know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Plain pale road. The {D: pale ment} road they call this one back this way. They call that a it a highway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And it's four way on way on up this way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: There are four-way run that way but Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: After you get up here, they said they was gonna put a four-way run up here but they ain't done it yet. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a road that has uh a fence on both sides of it? 464: I don't know. I don't know no- wh- uh what one of them is. Round here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a road that crosses a a road? 464: I sure couldn't tell you. Interviewer: Or a road that leads up to somebody's house? 464: {X} Interviewer: #1 Wha- # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what's a lane? 464: A lane. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: This here that's uh eighty that big road, that highway out there is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But I don't know what is {X} name or not. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just call it {NW} I don't know 464: #1 what they call it. # Interviewer: #2 What um # what do you call a road in town? 464: I couldn't tell you that neither. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And something along the side of the street for people to walk on? 464: I don't know. Sidewalk? Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say well I guess he's not 464: At home. Interviewer: And um say if um someone was asking where you were um I might say well she's what the kitchen? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Say if um if someone came that was asking about where you were 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: someone else might tell 'em well she's what the kitchen? Baking something. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: She's 464: Baki- baking supper or dinner or something or other Interviewer: Well she's where? She's 464: In the kitchen? Interviewer: Okay. And um if someone was walking in your direction you say he's coming straight 464: {NW} Interviewer: what me? 464: meet you Interviewer: He's he was walking 464: The way you was going. Interviewer: Yeah. He was walking 464: Straight towards you. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Say he's meeting me. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you saw someone that you hadn't seen in quite a while you hadn't counted on seeing 'em you might say well this morning I just happened to run 464: Into you. Meet up with you. Interviewer: Okay. And um if a little girl's given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the girl 464: After her mother. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you were walking along and an animal jumped out and scared you you'd say you'd pick up a 464: Say which? Interviewer: Say if you were walking along and an animal jumped out and scared you you say you'd pick up a 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what? # 464: brick or something and throw it at him. Interviewer: #1 Okay what would # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: would you ever use the word besides throw? Would you ever say anything else? 464: Chunk? Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um say if if you got rid of all the the brush and tress on your land you'd say you 464: I got rid of all of 'em. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say you did what? 464: Cleaned it up. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} the thing that the plow cuts you call those {NS} 464: plow cut. Interviewer: {D: well done} you're plowing that the trenches that the plow cuts you'd 464: #1 that's a # Interviewer: #2 call those # 464: furrow. Interviewer: Okay. And um you know when you cut the hay off a piece of land and then enough grows back that same season for you to cut it again you'd call that the 464: Double {NS} cut double-hay. Interviewer: Okay. And um you say wheat is tied up into a 464: Up into a bundle I re- Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 -ckon. # Interviewer: And then the bundles are piled up into a 464: Stack. Interviewer: Okay. And talking about how much wheat you raised to an acre you might say we raised forty 464: Bales. Interviewer: Or forty if we're talking about corn you'd say we raised forty 464: Bushels. Interviewer: Okay. And um what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 464: Have to carry it to the mill. Interviewer: And then the oats 464: You have to {X} ground off or whooped off or something. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And um say if um if you were talking about how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall as 464: I is. Interviewer: Or you might say I'm not as 464: #1 tall as # Interviewer: #2 tall as # 464: he is. Interviewer: And you say he can do that better than 464: I can. Interviewer: And um you say if something belongs to me then you'd say it's 464: Mine. Interviewer: Or and if it belongs to me you'd say it 464: His. Interviewer: And 464: Yours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to her it's 464: Hers. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them it's if it belongs to them it's 464: Theirs. Interviewer: And if it belongs to us 464: {NW} Ours. Interviewer: And um if some people had been over to your house and they were about to leave you might say well I hope what come back again? 464: To come back again. Interviewer: Ho- what would you tell 'em? I hope 464: Hope you'll come back again. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say you come back again or 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Y'all 464: #1 Yeah well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: come back again. Interviewer: What would you say y'all? 464: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Or you # all? Or 464: Yeah you all come back again. Interviewer: Okay. And say if um if their car was out in the road you might tell them somebody's gonna run into 464: Your car. Interviewer: Okay, would you ever say y'all's car? 464: Y'all's car. Mm-hmm Interviewer: You'd say that? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And say if you were a- say if there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and you were asking about the people that had gone you might ask well 464: Well who all was to the party and uh I wasn't there. Interviewer: And say if there was a group of children out playing and they belonged to more than one family you might ask about them well 464: {X} I'd ask whose was him? Interviewer: Would you ever say 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 who all's? # 464: Who all's children is out there. Interviewer: Okay. And say if you were asking about all of the speakers from March you know everything he said you might say well 464: Say which? Interviewer: If you were asking say if there had been a speech that you hadn't heard you want to know um everything the person said you might ask well 464: What all did he say and Interviewer: Okay. And um say if there was something that we had to do today, just the two of us 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: you might say we'll have to do it or you might turn to me and say 464: {X} you have to do it. Interviewer: Or 464: #1 me # Interviewer: #2 Both # 464: and you. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 will # have to do it. Interviewer: And um say if if um you and and a friend of yours were coming over to see me you might say 464: Say what? Interviewer: Say if you and a and a friend of yours were coming over to see me you might say we're 464: #1 we're # Interviewer: #2 coming # 464: me and my friend is coming over Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 to # see you. Interviewer: Um what if it was it was a man you'd say me would you say he and I or me and him or 464: Mm-hmm. {NW} He and I is coming over to see you. Interviewer: Okay. And if there was a a job that someone wanted done they might say um well he doesn't want just you or just me, he wants 464: Just me? Interviewer: Or he doesn't want just you or just me, he wants 464: A bunch of 'em? Interviewer: Or talking about us you'd say he wants would you say all two of us or 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 both of us? # 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah. All two of us or both of us. Interviewer: And um say if you knock at the door and they ask who's there and they know your voice you might say it's 464: {C: Should be beeped out} Interviewer: Or you might not you might say it's they say #1 is # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that you {C: should be beeped} and you'd say yes it's 464: Mm-hmm. Me and my friend. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if if the telephone rang and and I ask you was was that Jim on the phone? You'd say yeah that was 464: Him for me. Interviewer: And if it was a woman you'd say yeah that was 464: Her. Interviewer: And if it was two people you'd say yes that was 464: Us. Interviewer: Or that was 464: Me and my friend or Interviewer: Okay. And um you say if no one else will look out for him then you'd say they've got to look out for 464: Us. Interviewer: Or they've got to look out for you say their big enough to take care of 464: Her. Or them. Interviewer: Okay. You you'd say um and if someone slipped on the ice and fell this way you'd say he fell over 464: Backwards. Interviewer: And this way would be 464: Forwards. Interviewer: And you might say well I don't know exactly how far it is but it's just a 464: Little piece. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had been traveling and hadn't finished your journey you might say we'd still have a 464: Journey to go. Interviewer: Would you say a {D: fur piece} or a long way? 464: Long long ways or or a piece Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {D: to go} # Interviewer: And if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in any special place you'd say oh you can find that just about 464: In a few minutes. Interviewer: Or you don't have to look for that in any special place, you'd say 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 you # can find that just about 464: in a little while. Interviewer: Or just about any 464: Where. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Any about anytime? Interviewer: Or you could find that you don't have to look for that, you can find that any 464: Anywhere? Interviewer: Okay. And um Interviewer: um 464: {D: I'm old} chairs. Pillow slips and slides Interviewer: #1 Oh okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Um talking about different kinds of animals um what do you call the kind of animal that barks? 464: Dogs. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog, what would you tell 'em? 464: Sic him I reckon. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What different kinds of dogs are there? 464: Well they bulldogs and hounds and curs and {D: feists} and all them kinda thing {C: laughing} Interviewer: What's a cur? 464: Well I tell you, I sure couldn't tell you what he is but I just hear them talking about cur dogs. Interviewer: Is it a big dog? Or 464: #1 Uh-huh yeah, it's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: a biggun. Them feists are little bitty old things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of hound dogs? 464: Yeah they different kinds. I tell you, I couldn't tell you what kind {D: there} different kinds Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: I heared 'em talk about 'em but I can't tell you the I know I hear 'em talk about curs and hounds and and feists. I know a feist when I see 'em and I know a cur dog but I don't know what different kinda cur he is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if if you had a real mean dog you might tell someone you better be careful, that dog'll 464: Bite. Interviewer: And you say yesterday the dog 464: Bit. Interviewer: And 464: Sometimes. Interviewer: you say that person had to go to the doctor after he got 464: Bit by the dog. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever say after he got dog-bit? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Would you ever use the word dog-bit? So-and-so got dog-bit? 464: mm-hmm. Yeah, I have used that word. Interviewer: How? 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 How # would you 464: I {X} he got dog-bit. That's what I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. 464: I don't know how to say it but that's what I'd say {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um the kind of animal that you keep for milk? 464: For milk? Interviewer: Yeah. That you milk. 464: Milk cow. A cow. Interviewer: Whe- what do you call the male? 464: Well I'd call him a bull. Interviewer: Was that word always nice to use? 464: {NW} no {C: laughing} {NW} {NW} {D: no} {NW} no it wasn't nice but that's what I'd call 'em. A bull. Interviewer: Did you remember what um did women used to use that word? 464: mm-hmm. Yeah old folks used it too, that's the reason I used it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there any other way of saying that? 464: Well let's see, a male. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And a a little cow when it's first born is called a 464: Calf. Interviewer: And if it's a female it's a 464: Female. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A female calf. 464: mm-hmm. {X} A heifer what I always called 'em. Little heifer calf and a female calf. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What if it's a male? 464: Well I don't know I'd always call him a little bull calf {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 if you had a cow that # 464: my legs are burning, that's alright go ahead and talk, I'm just gonna get something to go over my legs. Interviewer: If {NS} you had a cow that was gonna have a calf you'd say the cow was going to 464: Suckle. Interviewer: {NS} Okay. Anything else people would say? 464: No I sure don't know now. Interviewer: Did you ever hear find a calf or {D: drop a} 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 calf? # 464: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Something? # 464: I've heared that too. Interviewer: What? {C: Speech distortion} find a calf such a cow gonna find a calf. Heared that. Okay. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And um the animals that you plow with. 464: Mules and {NS} horses. Interviewer: #1 And # 464: #2 Oxens. # Interviewer: How how are they hitched together? 464: Say how is they hitched together? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I ain't never plowed none hitched together, I've plowed 'em single. You know back 'em up between the shafts and put a collar or yoke or something on 'em like that. Plow 'em like Interviewer: What about mules? If you had two of them working together? 464: Well {NS} hitch one on one side and one on the other but I ain't never plowed none together like that. But I have seed 'em plowed together like that. Interviewer: What do they call that? 464: Say what do they call it? {NW} double double-plowed I reckon. Interviewer: {D: No} do you ever hear team or pair? 464: mm-hmm. Yeah I've heared a pair of mules. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Horses and things hitched up together. Interviewer: And um the animal that you ride, you'd call that a 464: Mule? Interviewer: Or a 464: Or a horse. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Mule and a horse. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's a female horse it's called a 464: I've I've heared it. But I done forgot now what they call it. Interviewer: What about the the male horse? 464: Male horse? Stud? Interviewer: Okay. 464: What we always called 'em {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: is that {NS} that piece of wood there is smoking. 464: {NW} {D: here} {NS} Interviewer: This one here? 464: Uh-huh. You can drag it back out that way a piece you know? Just Interviewer: You don't remember what they call the female horse? 464: Say which? Interviewer: You don't remember what they call the female horse though? 464: I always called 'em stud horse. Interviewer: What's 464: {NW} Interviewer: was stud a nice thing to say? {NS} 464: No, it wasn't nice but I'd always say it {NW} Interviewer: #1 what # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 What else would people say # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} They'd s- Interviewer: if they didn't want to say stud? 464: I don't know. I reckon they call 'em a female I reckon. I don't know what, I oughta tell ya I'm so forgetful, I done forgot. A lots of that stuff what they used to call things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say um say everyone around here likes to what horses? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Everybody around here likes to 464: Ride horses? Interviewer: And you say last year he {NS} what his horse? 464: #1 plow # Interviewer: #2 everybo- # 464: he plowed him. Interviewer: Or he got on it and 464: And rid him around. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say but I have never {NS} what a horse? 464: Say which? Interviewer: You say but I've never {NS} what a horse? 464: Plowed one? Interviewer: Or I've 464: #1 I've # Interviewer: #2 never # 464: rid one? Interviewer: Okay. 464: Well I have rid a many of 'em but {NW} I couldn't {X} {NW} That's all the way I had to {D: talks} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: You know uh {NW} my mother lived across the creek back over there where my brothers lives at now and she got sick and I would uh get out there and plow until about eleven o'clock then I'd throw me a quilt on the old mule old horse we had throw it on there and I'd ride him over there see about her. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But it's been years since I rid a horse. I don't expect I'd hardly I'd know to hitch one up to a wagon now if I was to have to {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} but I knowed how then but I don't expect I'd know how now. But I have rid horses. Plowed horses. Plowed oxens and done a little of everything in a farm but all this here late model stuff I don't know nothing about that. Sure don't. I've done passed the stage all but washing and ironing when this late model stuff come in Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} And sewing {D: all} scraps. But I say I know two more old ladies I spec- I bet would be glad to talk with you. Interviewer: Who's that? 464: Ellie King and Coral Williams, you don't know them do you? Interviewer: Uh-uh. 464: {NW} I bet they'd be glad to talk with you, I told children this morning I said it was nice talking to that girl last night. But my old tooth went to started grumbling and I want to go to doctor on it but it don't bother me this morning. I ain't got but two or three but sometime they hurts. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Say if um you were riding a horse and and you couldn't stay on him you'd say I fell 464: Off of him. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Fell off a him. Interviewer: Okay. And say a a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning. 464: He fell off of the bed. Interviewer: Okay. And the things that you put on the horse's feet you'd call those the 464: Uh horseshoes. Interviewer: Okay. What parts of the feet do you put the horseshoe's on? 464: On the front part of 'em. Interviewer: The do you call that part the 464: Uh-huh the hoof part I call it. Goes down like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And before you put the shoes on you have to trim {D: on} the horse's 464: Hoofs. Interviewer: And um do you know a a game that they play with horseshoes? Did you ever see that? 464: No I never did see that. Where they played a game with horseshoes. Interviewer: You know they'd they'd throw 'em? 464: Uh-huh. I've heared tell of 'em throwing 'em but I ain't never see'd it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Um # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Do people raise sheep around here? 464: They used to did it but there ain't none around here now. I don't know when I have seed a sheep around here. This old fellow lived back over there in this {X} He had a pasture and he had it full of sheep. But I ain't heared tell of a sheep in I don't know when. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Used to raise goats around here but I don't hear tell of them neither. Interviewer: What do people raise sheep for? 464: {NW} To get the wool off 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the male sheep? 464: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 sure # don't. Interviewer: Do you know what the female sheep is called? 464: Uh-huh. No I don't know what it's {X} heared 'em talking about females and females that's all, I don't know what they would call 'em. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And the the animals that you you'd keep for meat? 464: Hogs. Interviewer: Okay. 464: And cows. Interviewer: {D: And} talking about the hogs, when they're first born you'd call 'em 464: Pigs? Interviewer: Okay. And then when they get a little older you call 'em 464: Shoats Interviewer: About how big is a shoat? 464: Well they get's about like that. Interviewer: #1 About # 464: #2 About # like Interviewer: eighteen inches or so? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um then if they're female they're called 464: Say which? Interviewer: If they're female you'd call 'em 464: Let's see now I have to study. What they call 'em? Boars? Barrows Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: After they done cut 'em I called 'em barrows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And if it has pigs it's called a 464: Sow. Interviewer: Okay what if if {NS} it's never had pigs? 464: Well I don't know what you'd call that either. Interviewer: Uh it wouldn't be a sow then, it'd be a 464: Uh-huh. Was {X} Interviewer: Okay. 464: I have to sort of think over them things cause I'm forgetful but I s- well lots of it I know it but I done got so old I'm forgetful, I forget what they call 'em. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 464: #2 {NW} # Yeah they'd call them {D: guilt} what ain't never had no pigs. {NW} Interviewer: What about um the male hog? 464: Wha- they call them boars. Interviewer: Well that's if he's been cut 464: {D: Cut} Uh-huh, they cut 'em. But if he ain't cut they call them a male right on I reckon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What what about boar 464: {NW} Interviewer: Boar hog? 464: Well when they cut they call them boars. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Is that one not nice? # 464: {NW} No it ain't nice. {NW} {NW} But that's what I always heared 'em call 'em. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Yeah but the nicest way I think is uh boar hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: It ain't been cut it ain't been cut. {NS} That's the way I think it would be the nicest way to call 'em, a boar hog. They ain't cut. But we always called 'em boars when they weren't cut {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um and those those stiff hairs that a hog has on its back? 464: Bristles. Interviewer: And those big teeth? 464: Tushes. Interviewer: And what do you put the food in for a hog? 464: Say what do you put it in for? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Corn and Interviewer: Well what 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what do you # 464: shorts Interviewer: Shorts? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's that? 464: That stuff that they makes in the field. In the on these farms. Interviewer: Shorts? 464: Uh-huh. That's what we always called it, shorts. Interviewer: Is it something growing? Or 464: Growing, yeah it grows and then they cuts it and carry it to the mill and have it whipped off or beat off or something. Bring it back and sack it up and they call it shorts. Interviewer: Is it a kind of oats? Or #1 something? # 464: #2 Uh-huh. # Like oats or something like that. Interviewer: Huh. 464: Shorts and then they t- to take corn and chop it up. And make shorts out of it. You know chop it up in big old grains. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Then what do you pour the food into? 464: Into a trough. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had several of those you'd say you had several talking about that trough 464: Several troughs? Interviewer: Okay. And um when you're um driving a horse, what do you hold in your hands? 464: Bridle. Interviewer: Or when you're when he's hitched to a wagon? 464: Oh you hold lines in your hand Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 when you # hitch to a wagon. I thought you was talking about when you was riding him or something. Interviewer: Well 464: #1 You # Interviewer: #2 what # 464: have a bridle bits in his mouth {D: for the} short bridle to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the thing that you hold in your hand? 464: Huh? Interviewer: What about the thing that you hold in your hand then? 464: I call that the bridle. What I hold in my hand when I'm riding and if I was in a wagon I'd call it the lines. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Wagon lines. Interviewer: What are your feet in? 464: Say what the feed in? Interviewer: What what do you put your feet in? 464: In a trough. Interviewer: No whe- when you're riding on a horse. 464: Oh. Interviewer: You're 464: #1 a # Interviewer: #2 feet. # 464: a saddle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Well what what about the part of the saddle that your feet go in? 464: The no rides in the saddle and put your feet in the stirrups. Interviewer: Okay. 464: I told you I'm forgetful {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 Wha- # got to give me time to study or {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um when you're plowing with two horses what do you call the one that walks in the front? Or did 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Did you # ever plow with two horses? 464: No I ain't never plowed with two. Interviewer: Did you 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 ever hear # 464: a name for the one that walks in the front? The leader I reckon. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you were gonna feed the hens and turkeys and geese and so forth {NS} you'd say you were gonna go out and feed the 464: The chickens. Interviewer: Okay. Whe- when you talk about chickens does this mean turkeys and geese? 464: Uh-huh. {NW} Yeah that's what I'd call it. Interviewer: It means everything? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And um a hen on a nest of eggs would be called a 464: Sitting hen. Interviewer: And um you know when you when you eat chicken the bone that goes like this 464: That's the chest bone I call it. Breastbone. That 'un up in here? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I'd call it the breastbone. Interviewer: Are there any stories about that? 464: Huh? Interviewer: #1 You know # 464: #2 {X} # No Interviewer: Take 464: Pull it pulley bone, pulley bone I call it. Interviewer: Is that 464: #1 Uh-uh # Interviewer: #2 the same as # the breast bone? 464: Uh-huh, it {D: comes} next from the breastbone. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Just cut a little piece up here. And back up under each p- part over here. Then pull that off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NS} And I have heared people say I reckon it was the old folks'd say say you cooked that chicken and that little pulley bone up there they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Like you take hold of one end and I take hold of one end and stick it up over the door, that was old folks' talk now. Stick it up over the door and the first man to walk up under it that's the one you was gonna marry. Interviewer: You didn't 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 tear it # apart? 464: Yeah. Interviewer: You take 464: You can take one end and me take one and pull it apart. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And stick it up over the door {NS} and the one that got the biggest part of the bone they said the first man that walked up under that door why that's the one you was gonna marry. But I never did try it, I just heared 'em say that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Did you hear 'em call those the long bone, did it have a special name? 464: Did which? Interviewer: Did the long bone, the long end did that have a special name? 464: {D: uh the} leg part you talking Interviewer: #1 No the # 464: #2 about? # Interviewer: long piece of the pulley bone. 464: Oh that was uh uh I don't know, I've heared it but I done forgot what they called it now. I know they called the other part of it the breast bone, breast part. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Where they pull that pulley bone from that was the breast they said. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Where do you keep chickens? 464: Say when do you keep 'em? Interviewer: Where do you keep 'em? 464: {NW} in a chicken yard. A pen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about a a shelter for 'em? 464: Uh-huh, well you makes a little house for them to go in and then you has uh yard around that little house. Interviewer: What do you call that house? 464: Chicken house, the chicken yard, chicken farm. Interviewer: What about a place for the mother hen and the little chicks? 464: They have them in coops. Interviewer: What does that look like? 464: The thing build up like a like a just a little pen built you know. Around like this and a top over it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: It's got air holes in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And uh the noise that a calf makes when it's being weened 464: When it's being weened? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: He'd be bleating. We called it bleating, I don't know what {NW} it is Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 What about # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the noise that a cow makes? 464: She lows. Interviewer: Okay. And the noise that a horse makes? 464: He wickers. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} say if it was time to feed the stock and do your chores you'd say that it was 464: Lowing. Hor- cows lowing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 and horses # be wicker. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say that it it was what time? 464: Time to feed 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Would you call that feeding time? Or 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # time? Or 464: Uh-huh. Yeah. Dinnertime I'd call it or suppertime, whichever it was. Interviewer: For the stock? 464: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere you'd say you wanted to 464: Say if I wanted to get 'em ready to got somewhere? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I'd get 'em fed and hooked up, ready for going. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say before you hitch 'em you have to 464: {NW} Interviewer: Do what? 464: {X} Cur 'em. Interviewer: Well you'd put the the things on 464: saddles on 'em but you'd I always before I went to go carry mine anywhere I had an old cur comb, I'd cur 'em. You know get that hair that loose hair off of them. Then I'd put my saddle in gear or whatever I was gonna put on 'em on there. Interviewer: What if you were gonna hitch 'em to a wagon? You'd say you had to 464: Put my harness on him. Interviewer: Okay. And how do you call cows to get 'em in outta the pasture? 464: Well just go out there they used to and call 'em but they got where they now they just goes out there and blow the horn. And the cows go to lowing and coming to 'em Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Di- did you hear a call though that people had 464: Say which? Interviewer: Did you hear of a call that people 464: #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 had? # 464: They used to have a horn. A deer horn they'd call 'em with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But did you ever her people yell anything to get 464: Uh-huh. No if I did I done forgot it. Sure have. Interviewer: Did you ever hear co-wench or 464: Say which? Interviewer: co-wench or co-boss or sook? 464: Yeah uh yeah I have heared that. Co-wench and co-sook and all such as that, I've heared 'em call 'em that way. Interviewer: Well how how did that go? 464: Well I don't know it it would go alright cause they know {D: they ain't} so then {D: long} in them days they knowed what they meant when they'd say co-sook co-sook, they'd come running. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} or co-wench or one they'd come. {NW} Interviewer: What would you say to make 'em stand still so you could milk them? 464: {D: Soul} Soul sook, whatever her name was. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Push your leg back. S- s- soul, soul sook soul. Interviewer: Sook was her name or 464: Uh-huh or some of 'em'd be sook and some'd be one thing, some'd be another. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How do you call a calf? 464: Co-sookie. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 464: #2 That's the way # I always called 'em. Co-sookie. Interviewer: Um 464: Here they come. Interviewer: and what would you tell a a mule or horse to make 'em turn left and right? 464: Gee and right. Interviewer: Okay. Which way was gee? 464: Right was gee. And haw was left. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How would you call horses? 464: Well I always just called mine by their name, whatever their name was. We had one named Laura and I'd just go to the lot and call her. I said come here Laura and she'd come walking on to me. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What would you say to if you were riding a horse what would you say to get him started? 464: Get up. Interviewer: And if he was already moving and you wanted him to go faster what would you tell him? 464: I'd just suck my tongue to him and pop him back then, tell him to get up. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And what about to stop him? 464: I'd say whoa. Interviewer: And to make him um back up? 464: I'd tell him to back up. Interviewer: Okay. And um how do you call hogs? 464: I'd call 'em pigs. I'd just go {NW} to the pen and call pigs. Come on pig. Pig! Pig! Pig! {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What about sheep? Did you ever hear people call sheep? 464: No I ain't never had no dealing with no sheeps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Sure ain't. And no well he did have some goats one time, a long time ago but I done forgot now how I call them to me. But I ain't forgot how I used to cut their throats. {NW} Interviewer: #1 You used to cut their # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: throats? 464: {NW} Yeah lord. I'd get ready for {X} {D: go wide} have the children to run him down, had to cut his throat and hang him up and skin him. Interviewer: {NW} 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: If you run him um if you run him down first wouldn't that make him 464: Uh if it was a a male goat time you caught him if he was hot you'd had a cut them sacks off. And the hogs the same way, if you get him hot you got to cut them sacks off before you do anything else cause if you don't that scent'll go all over the meat. Interviewer: Huh. 464: {NW} Sure will. Yeah I been all through back in there but it's been so long lots of it. I just can't tell just how I went through with it but I re- remember about them hogs and goats. {NW} And them male cows too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Had a time you'd catch one, if you make him hot you got to cut them sacks off. Don't that scent'll go all through the meat. Interviewer: Huh. Why did you um why did you eat the the males? I thought their their meat wasn't as good? 464: Well Interviewer: was tougher. 464: It is tougher and it's stronger, if you don't cut them sacks off time you kill it. But if you cut the sack off time you kill him you can't tell no difference in it. Interviewer: Is it same as say a steer then? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah. Interviewer: How do you call chickens? 464: {X} get out there and call 'em chick! Chick! Chick! Chick! Chick! Interviewer: Uh-huh, okay. 464: They'll come running. Interviewer: {D: Okay} 464: I used to raise chickens but I done got so old {D: with mine} don't have enough money to buy the feed so I don't mess with 'em, I just buy what chickens I eat out of the stores. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: {NW} That ain't much. Cause I don't have much, don't have no money to buy 'em with. Enough things got so high until can't buy much no how. You know one while I was on the welfare but {NS} they take me off the welfare, I don't get but just one little check now. {NS} Interviewer: How come they took you off the welfare? 464: Well they said I went in the hospital and I didn't pay all of my doctor bill while I was in there {NS} and they cut it off, I said well look like they would've waited {X} {NS} got it paid before they cut it off. {NW} {NW} That'll be a plenty on there {NW} {NW} {NW} Oh lordy. I went out this morning and picked up that trash. That girl what was here a while ago that's what I was talking about {NS} here way back first of the year I believe there come a little storm or something. And she got a lots {D: old creek} drowned her house and broke off some of them limbs and knocked the porch in and they got 'em sawed up for house wood. That's what I was talking to her about while ago back when she sell me some of it. To go on the fireplace cause you get some oakwood and put on there now them little chips and things'll keep a fire a long time with that oakwood. So I said I was gonna get some of the Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 boys # go with me out there this evening and buy some of it from her. C them little boards don't last long Interviewer: What um when you'd cook on a a wood stove you know? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You you had one of those didn't you? 464: Yeah I used to have one. Interviewer: Does it matter which type of wood you use? 464: no it didn't with me, I used any kind I could get {D: but} {NW} but oakwood is the best to cook on a wood stove. See it won't smoke it up so bad. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: With smut and stuff. Oakwood won't but {D: lighter than} stuff 'em. Chop one up and quick. Interviewer: Is there one kind that um what makes um the hottest fire? 464: Say what makes the hottest fire? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Oakwood when you get it to burn it makes the hottest fire. Just get you a little lighter and put up under some oakwood and get it to burn it and you got you a good fire then. Interviewer: Um what's made out of flour and baked in a loaf? 464: Say which? Interviewer: What's made out of flour and baked in a loaf? 464: I don't know. I sure couldn't tell you that now. Interviewer: Well it ki- kinds of bread. What 464: Say what? Interviewer: What kinds of bread are there? 464: Bread? Wheat ain't it? Interviewer: Okay. What do you call that that bread that comes in a loaf? 464: Light bread? Interviewer: Okay. And what do you put in light bread to make it rise? 464: Well I sure couldn't tell you that now {NW} {NW} I sure can't. I ain't no {D: cracker} I don't know. Interviewer: Well what 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what # are some of the things you can 464: I heared folks say you put wheat and lemme see something else I heared 'em say you put in it but I done forgot it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Cause I ain't never tried to make none. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Or you could put baking powder or 464: Uh-huh. Well that's what I puts in my my li- my flour bread, I put some baking powder, some salt you know in there. The uh kind that ain't already prepared. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I put some baking powder some salt and eggs and or something or another in there. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 My my # flour'd I cook. Interviewer: Well what do they call that stuff that you can buy at the store to put put in things to make it rise? 464: what it to make the flour rise? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Baking powder. Interviewer: Well what else? 464: Soda. Interviewer: What else? 464: Well that's all I've ever put in any of mine. Baking powder, some soda. Interviewer: Well you know there's 464: #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 something # Interviewer: you can buy at the store 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: it comes in little packages maybe. These little grains and things. 464: I don't remember what that is. Sure can't. Interviewer: Did you ever hear yeast or 464: Oh yeah mm-hmm sure yeah. Heard of yeast and make it rise too. {NW} But I tell you I just forgets a whole lot of things I used to know, I done forgot about it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What'd you used to call that? 464: Huh? What you put in there? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Yeast. And baking powders. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 And # {D: soda.} Interviewer: And um what else can you make out of out of flour besides light bread? 464: {D: I don't know.} Interviewer: Well 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what are # 464: uh biscuit puddings? Interviewer: Okay. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's a biscuit pudding? 464: Huh? Interviewer: Biscuit pudding? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's that? 464: You know you cook the {NS} cook the biscuits {NW} and then if you got any left over {D: cold} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: now just put some water milk in 'em to soften them up and mash it up and put you some eggs and flavoring in there and {NS} s- slide it in the stove and bake it. Interviewer: Huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And that's biscuit pudding? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Never heard of that. 464: {NW} Yeah. Us old folks used to do all such as that {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: You say there's two kinds of bread, there's the homemade bread and then there's 464: Uh what kind? Interviewer: There's 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 homemade # bread and then there's the kind that you buy at the store. 464: light bread? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Well what do you call the kind that you buy? You call that 464: At the store you Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 talking about? # Light bread. Interviewer: Okay. And um talking about how much flour you buy you might say you had maybe a sack of flour would have five 464: Pounds. Interviewer: Okay. And the inside part of the egg is called the 464: {D: Yelp} I call it. The yellow part? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I call it the yel- I call it the yelp of the egg. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And when you cook 'em in hot water what do you call them? 464: Boil 'em. I boil 'em. I call it boiled eggs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about when you crack 'em and let 'em fall outta the shells? 464: Fry 'em. Or scramble them one. Interviewer: Well and let 'em fall out of the shells into hot water. 464: Oh I don't know, I ain't never cooked none like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um this is something that's it's fried in deep-fat and it's got a hole in the center? 464: Fried in deep-f- I can't remember what that is either. Sure can't. Interviewer: Well you could um it's maybe about this big, it's got a hole in the middle. You could buy it at a bakery or something. 464: {D: I don't know} I can't think of it. Hell I sure can't {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Well I was thinking of donut or something like that? 464: Oh yeah uh-huh. Yeah donut. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Are there different # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: ways of making donuts? 464: Yeah there sure is {D: but uh} I don't know can't remember now, it's been so long since I've cooked a donut 'til I can't rememb- {NW} I can't remember them different ways. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: What about something that you you make up a batter and fry three or four of these for breakfast? 464: Uh Interviewer: Eat 'em with syrup and butter? 464: {NW} uh I know but I can't call the name of it now. I call 'em flapjacks. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 Any other # Interviewer: old-fashioned name? 464: Fritters? Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And what sort of things did you make out of corn meal? 464: {NW} cornbread and uh chicken dressing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about something you might make to eat with fish? 464: Fish? Uh I don't know cause I don't never make nothing to eat with mine but some bake me some cornbread or {X} eat me some light bread {NW} with 'em {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well what about something about this size that's fried in deep-fat? 464: Deep-fat. Interviewer: But it's got cornmeal and onion and pepper maybe mixed up with it. 464: Uh-huh. Let's see. I know but I can't think now what they what they call. Sure can't, I tell you my mind done I done got so old my mind's got bad, I can't think of things {C: laughing} {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What'd people used to you remember when people'd cook on the fireplace? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What sort of things would they cook? 464: Say what would they cook? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Cook pone bread in spiders and Interviewer: What's 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 pone bread? # 464: {NW} {NW} They'd make up you know make up meal Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: and uh then take take it up, they had it sorta stuff and take it up and in their hands and make pones like that and lay it around in that spider. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And put a lid on it and put a fire on top of the lid and have some coals up under the bottom. Interviewer: Huh. 464: My poor grandma used to cook, she had a great big old spider would hold four pones of bread at a time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And they had an old fireplace ye- were right back over there. They had a fireplace and it was a big old fireplace, you know it was when it would carry ten ten-foot rail in there. Interviewer: #1 Ten- # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: foot? 464: Ten-foot rail. Sure would. Interviewer: {X} 464: And they'd cook, she had to cook on that fireplace and uh {NW} thinks about it now lots of time my auntie, her baby girl, grandma's baby girl grandma'd be cooking over on this side of the fireplace and it'd be cold my auntie would have old chair like this she'd be sitting up over in the other corner of the fireplace {NW} {NS} Interviewer: In the other corner of the fireplace? 464: She sure did. Interviewer: {NW} 464: Yeah {D: that's her.} You can ask any of 'em around here most that she had a they had a ten-foot fireplace. Interviewer: Go- 464: They cooked on that place in that fireplace. And she had a big old pot about that high Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: and uh she would uh had a garden up the lane there from a {D: peak} She said children come go with me up here and let's get us some greens. We'd go get greens, they had old smokehouse off out there where they'd have dried meat at. She'd go out there and cut her down a hog jowl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: She'd put that hog jowl on, take us with us up to that garden and she'd cut down some greens, had some {X} {NW} cabbage collards, she'd cut us down a load of 'em and we'd go to the house and she'd go to picking greens and she'd send us it was {NW} they're about further from up on top of that hill over yonder. We had to go across the branch to go to a spring to get water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: She'd give all of us children a jug two jugs a piece. We'd {D: go} the water and she'd cook that big old pot full of collard greens and had that big old s- s- spider up there and she'd put them four pones of bread {NW} {NW} {NW} yeah lord. Lots of them things. These late model things come along, I forgot 'em but I ain't forgot them old things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Sure ain't. Interviewer: Do you remember um ever cooking something out of cornmeal cooking it in ashes? 464: Ashcake they call 'em uh-huh. Interviewer: How #1 would they # 464: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: do that? 464: {NW} They would {NW} {NW} make it up just like like I was telling you grandma used to make up that cornbread? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Then rake all the coals back and have a bed of hot ashes and wrap it up in piece of paper or something or other, I don't know what she wrapped it up in now but then she'd rake them ashes up on the top of it. And let it lay in there and cook and they called it ashcakes so that's what I called 'em. {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a hoecake or a corn dodger? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah I have cooked hoecakes but I ain't cooked no corn dodger. {NW} Interviewer: #1 What's a # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: corn dodger? 464: I don't know now what they is. But I have heared of 'em but I ain't never cooked none. Sure ain't. But I would call bread just made up and put in a f- wait and set in the stove and bake it, I'd call that a corn dodger. {NW} Interviewer: #1 That you put in a # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what? {NS} 464: Say what? Interviewer: How do you how do you fix that now? 464: I just make up my {NW} cornbread, I put me some flour and some baking powders and a egg Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: and stir it up. Then put me some grease in it or {X} {D: I forgot} butter, I put butter in it and stir it up and uh put me some grease in the bottom of the fryer in the bottom of the fryer sprinkle me a little f- meal down in the bottom of it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 that # 464: fryer. {D: Rake} my cornbread in there. And set it in the stove and bake it and I call that cor- corn dodger {NW} I don't know what it is. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Um did you ever see anybody kill a hog? 464: Uh-huh. I have killed 'em myself. Interviewer: How tell me how you how you'd do that. 464: Knock him in the head and stab him on his left side. Up under his left {D: I like} said shoulder, up under his left foot arm here and let him bleed. Interviewer: You say 464: #1 Then # Interviewer: #2 you # Interviewer: did what to him? 464: Stab him with a knife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: You know you knock him in the head with a axe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then you take a knife and stab him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: In his left shoulder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And let him bleed. Then whenever he dies while you have hot water Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: and you have your {X} turpentine barrel or drum or anything like that and pour your hot water in there and put you some turpentine in there. Come off of turpentine trees. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Put it in there and then stick your hog in there and have you some boards out there to pull him out on pull the hair off him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Put one end in and scald it and pull the hair off of it and then change him around, put the other end in it. Interviewer: What um 464: I I know all that old stuff but I don't know this new stuff. {NW} Interviewer: What did you call those parts of the meat then? What {NW} When you how would you cut him then? 464: Well you c- hang him up and gut him. Hang him up by his two hinds feets and and uh on a stick and gut him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Take his guts out {X} and then you take him off down from there and have you a table or something to put him on and you cut his his feet off and his head off and then you cut his uh shoulders. Interviewer: Uh- 464: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 464: and his hams this the back part they call that the ham. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And this front part they called it the shoulders. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then you cut him take a axe and chop him open, cut his backbone out and these two parts over here is his his his middlings they called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {C: traffic} 464: Then then chop it up like that. Interviewer: Then what? 464: I say and then you chop his backbone up in pieces Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 take his # cut his backbone out. And them middlings you just let them stay whole if you want to and the ham too and the shoulders too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What do you call um the kind of meat that you buy already sliced to eat with eggs? 464: Eggs, bacon. {NS} Interviewer: I- what's the difference between bacon and middling? 464: Huh? Interviewer: What's the difference between ma- bacon and middling? 464: Well I don't reckon there no difference in it, look like that come from the middling to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} It seem like it do. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the that outside part that you cut off before you slice it? 464: Skin? Interviewer: Okay. And um when you cut the side of a hog what do you call that? 464: The sides? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I call it the middling. Interviewer: Would you call that a middling of bacon or side of 464: #1 middling # Interviewer: #2 bacon or # 464: yeah side of bacon and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 But you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: know we always called it the middling Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: when we was coming up. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And um what about the the kind of the fat salt pork? 464: Fat salt pork. Well They cu- they call that I called it the fat out in a hog. You cut it out you cut it out of the part the middling part, the back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then you cut off some of the middling part of it and make cracklings out in it what we called it. Interviewer: What was that? 464: Fried up. Dry it up and make we called it cracklings. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} And we'd make crackling bread out of it. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} We would get some cornbread mix meal in the dried-up {NS} {X} the stuff up what we called the cracklings. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And put it in the bread and and put it in the stove and bake it. Interviewer: Huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What about um the kinda meat that you you'd boil with greens? 464: Bacon. Interviewer: Or that fat 464: Ba- fat. Yeah I called it let's see now I know what I called it but I done forgot that now. As good as I like to boil with greens I can't think of what we called it {NW} Interviewer: Well 464: {NW} Interviewer: did you call it um side meat or 464: #1 yeah uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 fatback or white # meat? 464: Yeah we called it white meat. That's what we called it. {NW} Interviewer: What now what did that what was that like? What part did it come from? 464: It come from the next to the backbone you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Cut the backbone out like that and that'd leave a piece uh fat upside of the rib part of the meat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: and then you'd cut on both sides of it and cut it out and then you'd cut that off 'em. We called it white side. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: That's what we called it {NW} Interviewer: #1 Um # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What'd you call those um well say you might take the the trimmings and slice them up and grind them up and season them. You'd make 464: Sausage. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call a person who kills and sells meat? 464: Butcher. Interviewer: Okay. And if meat's been kept too long you say the meat is done what? 464: Gone stale. Interviewer: Or it's not not fit to eat anymore you'd say that it's 464: Uh-huh {D: it's gone} yeah. Sure would, I see'd some down there yesterday that was done turned black as I is just about it. {NW} Interviewer: At the store? Or 464: Uh-huh. They had done picked it out or where they kept the other meat at and put it over in another place and I went there and looked at it. I said {NW} I said they need to give that meat to somebody before it got in that shape. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 I see'd # I see'd a chicken in there here about black as I was. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 I # reckon they was gonna carry it to the garbage but they ought to give it away before it let there and rot like that. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 464: I would've if it'd been me. Uh-huh. Interviewer: What um what would you call the the inside parts that you'd eat? Want me to put this on? 464: Uh-huh. #1 We # Interviewer: #2 What # 464: call 'em chitterlings. Interviewer: Okay. What other inside parts? 464: {NW} Liver and lights. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: You had a kitty-cornered up in there. {NW} {NW} {NW} {D: that way} You stayed around me you'd learn how to burn long wood, wouldn't you? Interviewer: {NW} 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I guess so. # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Do you have something called the harslet or the haslet? 464: Yeah they the hearts- and the haslets. And the liver. Interviewer: What's the haslets? 464: That's the lights, we call 'em the lights. Interviewer: What part is that? 464: That's the inside next to the liver. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that the lungs? Or 464: Uh-uh. No. That ain't the lungs. But it's there's uh three three parts in there. It's got some lungs and then he got something that's dark-colored. It's the liver. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 Then that # light-colored that's the lights. And then they got lungs in there too. Interviewer: Does anyone ever eat the lungs? 464: {NW} some folks eats but I ain't never eat none I don't think unless it's when I was a child and didn't know it. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} But I loved the liver and the lights. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And the heart of a hog. {NW} Interviewer: After you'd kill a hog what can you make with the meat from it's head? 464: Sauce. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Hoghead sauce they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Take it and boil it. And 'til it get's good and done then cut it up cut you a onion up in it and black pepper and and mash it up put it in a {NW} flour sack, that's the way we used to do it. Put it in a flour sack and hang it up {D: somewhere's and} let the grease drip out. And you can slice it off into pieces like that. Interviewer: How long would it take for the grease to drip out? 464: Mm it'll take about a day if it's real cold weather. But if it ain't why it won't take it that long. {NW} I loves that too. Yeah you cook the feet and the head together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then you mash 'em up, pick all them bones out of 'em. Mash 'em up and cut you some onions and put black pepper and salt and sage in 'em. Interviewer: Whe- when you say you cook the head the that you have the head in there with the eyes and the brains still in it? 464: Uh-huh. No no you cuts {NW} you take the head when you cut the jowl off and the this part under here you cut it off and i- then you take the head and you split it open. Interviewer: How? 464: Take a axe and Interviewer: #1 {D: along} # 464: #2 split # uh-huh. Split it open Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 like that. # 464: And then take the brains out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And and the pull the eyes out {X} you just cook the ears and the nose and the s- other part of the back part of the head and the feet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And uh Interviewer: What do you with the eyes and the brain? 464: Throw I throwed the bra- eyes away but I cooked some brain. Put get me some hot water. There a little skim over them brains. And you can take you some hot water and pour them brains and you can skim that little skim off of the brains. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then you can put 'em in some water and boil them a little bit. And boil the pull that water off of them. And put you some grease {D: or whatever} butter or something in there and break you some eggs or something in there and stir 'em up. Interviewer: What does it taste like? 464: They good to me, they tastes good {NW} Interviewer: Sounds 464: {NW} sounds nasty though don't it? {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 464: #2 {NW} # But they ain't it's clean. If you skim that skim off 'em, just put 'em in some hot water and and that skim'll peel right on off of them brains. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 464: And then you can boil them a little bit and pull that water off and put you some grease in there break you a egg in there and stir it all up together, they eats good. {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever um hear of making something by cooking and grinding up the liver? 464: Grinding up the liver? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: No I ain't never ground up no liver like that. Interviewer: Did you ever heard of anything made out of the blood? 464: Uh-uh. No I sure ain't. Interviewer: Have have you ever heard of scrapple or pon haus? 464: Huh? Interviewer: Scrapple or cripple or pon haus? 464: Uh-uh. No I sure ain't. Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 If I heared # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: it I done forgot about it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um say if you had some butter that was kept too long and it didn't taste right you'd say that the butter was 464: I'd say it was rank. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um what do you call thick sour milk? 464: Buttermilk? Interviewer: Well that's {NS} that's when it's been churned. 464: But well that's well after you churn it I always call it buttermilk. Interviewer: What about before you churn it? 464: It's clabber. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is there anything you can make out of the clabber besides the buttermilk? 464: Uh no, not as I knows of. I ain't never made nothing out of it {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of some kind of cheese being made out of clabber? 464: I have heared tell of it but I don't know nothing about that. Interviewer: You remember what they called it? 464: I think they called it clabber cheese. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What's the first thing you have to do after milking? 464: Strain your milk. Interviewer: Okay. 464: And {D: to churn it} or a jar or something. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um say if you took milk or cream and mixed that with maybe some sugar and nutmeg and poured it over pie what would you call that? 464: Put the s- makes how? Interviewer: Well something like milk or cream and with sugar and nutmeg maybe. 464: I'd call it icing. Interviewer: Okay. And um food taken between regular meals you'd call that a 464: Say which? Interviewer: Say if you'd already eaten and but you went in and if you'd already eaten dinner but you went in and fixed yourself something to eat. 464: I'd call it warmed-over. Interviewer: Well what what do you mean warmed-over? 464: {NW} food dinner snack, whatever you call it. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Warmed-over is as if it's 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 already # been cooked? 464: Cooked, uh-huh. Yeah and Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 I'll go # warm it over again and go eat, I'd call that a warmed-over dinner or supper Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: What about a snack? That 464: {NW} Interviewer: what's a snack? 464: Well I guess I I don't know Interviewer: {NW} 464: what I'd call that. Interviewer: Well #1 you you mentioned # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the word snack. What does a snack mean? 464: Snack. Just a warmed-over snack I reckon. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um and um what sort of things can you make out of apples? Well that you can make just an apple pie and what else? 464: Uh-huh. {NW} Apple pie and let's see now I I don't know now I can't think. Interviewer: Did you ever heard of um making something that's sort of like a pie only it's got several layers of fruit and dough in it. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You put down the dough and then some apples and then some more dough on top of that and maybe 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 some more # apples. 464: Uh-huh. Apple pie. Interviewer: {X} did you ever hear something um um apple slump or deep-dish apple pie? Or 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Apple # valley or apple cobbler or 464: yeah I have heared of it but I ain't eat none, I ain't tried to cook none {NW} Interviewer: What did you hear it called? 464: {NW} Let's Interviewer: #1 or # 464: #2 see # Interviewer: do you remember? 464: I can't remember now but I have heared of that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say um the talking about the the cornmeal again um did you ever hear of um taking just cornmeal and maybe some salt and and boiling that and making something that you could eat with a spoon? 464: Uh-huh. Soup. Interviewer: Or it's not not really soup, it's it's just got cornmeal and salt and water. 464: {NW} {NW} I don't know what that is. I bet Emmie or Ms Corale could tell you but I can't Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Well did you ever hear something called cush? Or mush? Or um 464: cush. Interviewer: Huh? 464: cush. Interviewer: Well yeah wha- what's that now? 464: {NW} well my old man used to make it, he'd call it cush, I don't know what it was he'd fry him a piece of meat in a fryer and pour him some water in there then take him some meal Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: and s- stir it up in there, he called it cush, I reckon that's what it was. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um this is something that um is made out of out of corn. You it's ground up. 464: Ground up? Interviewer: You eat it for breakfast. 464: Uh uh grits? Interviewer: Okay. Do you remember um people taking the corn and and soaking it maybe in {D: lye} water and leeching the husk off? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What was that called? 464: I call that uh {X} I have eat a any piece of it. Grandma used to cook it for us. {D: Lightcorn, that's what she'd call it.} Interviewer: Okay. And what about something it's it's white and it's made from a grain and um well you could eat it with ham maybe. {NS} 464: {NW} let's see {NW} {NS} {X} let me see. Interviewer: Well people in China and Japan eat it a lot. It's white. 464: I don't know, I must've not have never s- I ain't never got on to that I don't reckon. Interviewer: Well it's something real common. It's white it's from it's a grain. 464: Rice? Interviewer: Okay. And um 464: I tell you I'm I'm mindless, I have to study over a thing. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Say um if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table you'd tell them 464: Dinner was ready. Interviewer: Or and you'd tell 'em go ahead and 464: Ask blessing and eat. Interviewer: Or they're standing up you'd tell them to 464: To have a seat. Sit down. Interviewer: Okay. So you'd say so then he went ahead and what down? 464: Sit down and say the blessing. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say nobody {C: knock on the door} else was standing 464: Come on in! {NS} Aux: {X} {NS} Well they still talk to me about my dress but 464: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 464: I'll {NW} get you a seat. Aux: You still here?! 464: Don't ask for no meat. Aux: {X} meat no nothing else. 464: {NW} Aux: #1 All I want's # 464: #2 {NW} # Aux: a job now. 464: Maybe she'll give you a job. Aux: {D: That ain't like what} I want some money out of it now 464: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {D: Not here for free y'all} # 464: {NW} Aux: Can you get me a job? Interviewer: I don't know where. Aux: {X} Aux #2: Where'd you get your's from? Interviewer: {NW} 464: You got your's from upstates. {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 didn't you? # Aux: #1 {X} # 464: #2 You got your's from upstates didn't you? # Aux: {X} Aux #2: {X} 464: {NW} Aux #2: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {X} # Aux #2: jobs now. Aux: You can't get 464: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {D: You ain't gone home yet?} # {X} Aux #2: I think you ought {X} Aux: {X} Interviewer: Huh? 464: Say what? Aux: #1 {X} # Aux #2: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: They tell say one thing and every time you ask you sa- you say I'm from {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I think you hang up on the wall. 464: {X} Aux #2: I'm from out of Campton ain't nothing, no jobs. 464: {NW} Aux: Take that if you want to and I sure do need one. 464: I tell her a while ago that she asking them {C: laughing} old back ways I can answer them but I ain't nothing with #1 this new # Aux: #2 {X} # You don't get that back that ain't getting you no money at all. You don't go from that back stuff. 464: {NW} Aux: That's old-fashioned Aux #2: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Aux #2: stuff. 464: Where's Emmitt? Oh. Aux: Yeah she better not come out there cause I ain't got time for that, I gotta clean up. Unless she wanna help, do you wanna clean up? Interviewer: {NW} 464: Tell 'em no Aux #2: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 464: Tell her that ain't your job. {NW} Aux: #1 It ain't mine neither but I do it. # 464: #2 {NW} # {D: It's your home.} 464: {X} week full of {D: ashes} out of my job working. Interviewer: {X} 464: They don't talk nothing but fool all the time. Interviewer: How do you mean? 464: {NW} They {NW} that's all junk crazy talk. I went up to the {C: traffic} went up to the {NS} {D: Narry Neal} up yonder. Week before last and got 'em a job of working. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And my daughter's leg have been broke about two year ago I reckon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And she hops on it all the time. Now I told 'em told 'em I said now y'all can't stand that job. Nothing to doing but to go up there and work so they worked up there a week and two days I think and they quit. I said uh-huh, I told y'all you {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: And that's all they talk about now, somebody getting them a job I say well excuse me I say shit they must've get you one you couldn't hold it {NW} Interviewer: Seems like there ought to be something 464: Say what? Interviewer: Seems like they ought to find some kind of job. 464: Well uh Fanny got a job you know two-day job. And that other girl Interviewer: #1 which one? # 464: #2 that bright # girl what was here she had her a job down at uh let's see, I can't think of the people's name. She had her a job down there and they help her get that car she got. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And she quit that. And all the time talking about she want a job, she ain't gonna work if she get a job. She sure ain't. That's all she talk about a job, somebody get her a job, get her a job. She get one she ain't gonna stay to it. I don't see no need in nobody trying to get her {D: nail} Interviewer: Well what does she do now? During the day? 464: Nothing. What you see her doing now, riding when her car ain't broke down {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} {NS} {NS} Come on! {NW} And they talk so much and it's all over crazy talk. I ain't talking about Emmie's daughter no more than I is mine. Mine is about as crazy as Emmie's is, just talk old crazy talk all the time. I went up there this morning and they come up there, she come up there. They got talking their old crazy talk, I just got up and walked on back to the house. {NW} Ooh lordy. I'm too old to be involved with that. Interviewer: {NW} 464: I thought I glimpsed somebody. You see anybody out there? Interviewer: No. Is this the car that's going past there? 464: I reckon it was my eyes cu- {NW} you know I broke the frame in my glasses. And I'm trying to get up enough money to go back and get 'em fixed. My eyes worries me so bad. Feel like there's something in 'em all the time. Interviewer: {NW} 464: {NW} I say I'm gonna get these quilts so when I'm going make 'em pay me for 'em before they carry 'em off cause if I don't now last week before last I let my granddaughter have two quilts. She was going to pay me seven dollars a piece for 'em. Be back grandma tomorrow and pay you, that was last Sunday was a week ago she's coming back to pay me. I ain't seed her no more, yeah she did come Saturday night and told me about her brother. He got shot down there in Panama or somewhere. Interviewer: {NW} 464: And they went to see him and she come and told me about how he was doing. {NW} I ain't seen no mention of quilts now I didn't, but I'm going to see her one day this week. Tell her I need my money cause I need my glasses fixed. {D: And she's} She got her check Thursday, she ought to come on and paid me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if um there was some food on the table, maybe some potatoes and you wanted someone not to just wait until they were passed over to 'em you'd tell the person just go ahead and 464: Say which you now? Go over it again. Interviewer: Well say if if y'all were sitting around at a table and maybe there was some potatoes on the table or something 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: and you wanted to tell me not to just wait until they're passed over to me 464: Uh- Interviewer: you tell me just go ahead and 464: And pass 'em. Interviewer: But just go ahead 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 and # 464: and get you a potato. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um would you ever say go ahead and and help 464: Help yourself. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if um if you decide not to eat something you'd say well no thank you I don't 464: Care for nothing. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And um what do you call carrots and peas and beets and so on? 464: {NW} Call it boiled food? Interviewer: Well you'd call those things that you grow you'd call those 464: {NW} {D: let's see} Vegetable. Interviewer: Okay. 464: I tell you, these here two girls, they worried me so bad what little mind I is got I can't think about it. Interviewer: {NW} Uh-huh. {NW} 464: Now that's like you see in there, they liable to come back here two or three times a day talking that same old crazy talk. I call it crazy. They may call it sensible but I don't. Interviewer: They come here and normally just that much? 464: Mm-hmm. It worries me. Interviewer: I bet they come here more than that to see see if I'm still here and 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 what I'm doing. # 464: {NW} Interviewer: I got the feeling that younger one didn't 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 care too much for me. # 464: Say which? Interviewer: I got the feeling one of them didn't care too much for me. 464: Mm that one sitting over there? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Mm-hmm She don't care too much for nobody. Interviewer: {NW} 464: It's just she worries me though and and my daughter that other one what would come over here {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: she got where she just about as {D: worration} as that one is that's sitting over there. Lord I said I don't know. Interviewer: Well maybe they'll both find them a good job and 464: Well they won't keep it if they get Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 'em. # 464: Now Fanny my daughter I say that for her, I ain't saying that cause she's mine but she get a good job she'll hold it. But you know that mill up there, that was too hard on them. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: And Fanny's leg was broke, now you oughta've seed it. All since she quit there that thing's been as swole like that ever since she quit working up Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 there. # 464: But Eva-May she just ain't gonna work nowhere long at the time. Ain't gonna do nothing but ride and talk. Interviewer: {NW} she'll have to work to pay for the gas in her car. 464: Well see how she get's her gas in her car my brother's sick. He's under the doctor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And he draws a check and uh he pays her to carry him backward and forth to Cretchview Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 He'll # pay her and when he car- that's carry him to the store or something. Why he'll get her gas and so my daughter's husband get him to carry her somewhere he'll pay her gas. That's the way she keeps her gas in her car. Interviewer: {NW} 464: {NW} {NS} Now go ahead and go to asking questions again, if I can answer them I'll answer Interviewer: #1 O- # 464: #2 them. # Interviewer: -kay. 464: But them gals gets on my nerves. Interviewer: Yeah. Well they'll be back in a little while I'm sure. 464: Yeah they'll be back directly. Interviewer: What would you call a place near your house where you grow vegetables? 464: A field? Garden? Interviewer: Okay. And um do you ever hear of people making whiskey themselves? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah I sure have. Cause I have helped make it. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 How do you make it? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} well {NW} {D: there's what else} to tell the truth, the Lord know. So it ain't no use to try to hide it. {D: when um} my husband was living he make made it. And uh I would help him. But he'd put some syrup and let's see what else, I think he put a little meal in the stuff. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And uh syrup and meal and corn I think Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: in the barrel. And pour water in it and let it sour and then he put it in a pot and had a long old rod run from that and it had a something up on s- s- something up on top of that pot that that rod run in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And he'd have that old rod in there and hi- {X} it'd make it run out of that rod back in a bucket out here. Yeah lord I have helped do that too. Interviewer: What do 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 they call that? # 464: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 464: Rum. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Called it a rum still. {NW} {NW} Sure did, that's been years ago but I sure helped him make it. Interviewer: There any other names for whiskey like that? 464: {NW} Interviewer: maybe if it's if it's real bad stuff you know real cheap? 464: {NW} Let's see no. Ca- call it low wine I think. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I think that's what they called it. Interviewer: Would you ever hear the 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 word # Interviewer: huh? 464: I didn't say nothing. Interviewer: Oh. Did you ever hear the word splo? 464: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Called it # splo? 464: Yeah I hearing it but I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Who did you hear it from? 464: I heared a heap of people talk about splo but I ain't never found out what it was. Interviewer: Is is that a a new word? I mean something that young people talk about? 464: {NW} {NW} Uh-huh. I think it is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And I've heared stuff about, what they call that now? What is all stuff what they folks drink night makes 'em crazy? {NW} Interviewer: That they drink? Or 464: {NW} Yeah they drinks it I think or sniff it or something. Interviewer: Well there's some stuff you smoke. 464: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Marijuana # 464: #2 Smoke # yeah yeah. Uh-huh, I've heared tell of that too. But I don't know nothing about it, I've just heared 'em talking about it some of 'em smoking it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about beer? Has any- 464: #1 beer? # Interviewer: #2 one # made beer at home? 464: No not as I know of. I don't know nothing about no beer made on what they buys all I know and I reckon you seed a whole lot of cans out there in that cold box but I don't drink it. But say uh they sells cans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Get so much I think it's ain't much for this three cent a pound I think. And so one of my cousins out there sent me them Sunday night. I said I was gonna sell me some, I got to make me some money somehow. He said I reckon it's no harm to sell the cans what the other people done drinked it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # So she picked up some sent 'em to me Sunday night. Yeah yeah I got, told Fann and them this morning, I got to mash 'em up. {NW} Get my boy to carry 'em down there and sell 'em for me cause I got to get my glasses fixed somehow or another. Interviewer: {NW} 464: #1 Don't wanna # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 464: beat nobody to get 'em fixed. I sure'd love to get 'em carried off. Interviewer: Where do you have to go? Down to Crestview? 464: Crestview, mm-hmm. My eyes feels like they trash in 'em, keep me digging in 'em all the time. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: You just need some more glasses or what? 464: Mm see they uh they uh rim I dropped 'em. And that thing I reckon I call it rim, what go behind your ear? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: It broke off right at the end of the {D: derlin} and I got to have it fixed back on that. Interviewer: Huh. Um what does it say like um on a belt you know? This on a belt that's made out of cowhide? 464: Say which? Interviewer: You know on a um say a a belt that you wear, that like this it's 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 made # outta cowhide. 464: Called Interviewer: #1 what is # 464: #2 it # Interviewer: it say on there to let you know that it's it's made outta real cowhide? 464: I don't know. I call 'em leather belts, I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I Interviewer: #1 call # 464: #2 what # {NW} Interviewer: #1 it says it # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: it isn't imitation it's it gen- 464: Cowhide? Interviewer: Uh-huh. It's it's not imitation it's gen- 464: {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear genuine or genuine? 464: Uh- huh. I sure couldn't tell you now. Ain't no use in me trying to tell you something I don't know nothing #1 about. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Um # 464: All that I know about I'll tell you and that I don't know I just ain't gonna try to tell it Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 cause I don't know it. # Interviewer: Do you remember um when they'd they sell sugar by they'd they'd weigh it out of the barrel? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 They'd say # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that sugar was sold how? 464: By the pound. Interviewer: Okay. Or do you hear another expression for that? Sugar was sold in 464: In bags. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about in bulk or bulk? 464: Bulk I can't remember that neither. {NW} {C: traffic} Sure can't, I can't remember that. There's lots of things like I tell these children, my children {NW} me and F-P and L-J be sitting hear them no wonder boys that come here last night They thought I say I say I'm forgetful. I say but the two things I don't never forget I say if you treat me good I don't forget it and if you mistreat me I don't forget it. I said but there are lots of things I know I forgets about 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And some I can think of maybe somebody bring it to my mind. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the thing that um maybe made out of um apples or peaches or something like that that that you can spread on toast or biscuits in the morning? 464: Tarts? Interviewer: What did well you I'm sure you used to make it. 464: Uh Interviewer: It could be jam or 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah jam, make jam out {NW} Sure. Interviewer: And what else? 464: {NW} I have made apple tarts that way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: You know spread me the apples on it and piece of bread on there and {D: sapple up the end} lay it in the stove and let it get sort of warm and eat it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: What about something that you'd what sort of things did you can? 464: Can. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Peaches. Apples. Pears. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And Interviewer: Well what what about a sweet spread that you could make? 464: Jelly Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Did you used to make # that much? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah I made some this year. Interviewer: Oh really? 464: Sure have. {NS} And uh I made some jelly and I put up some pea- no I didn't put up no pears cause I didn't get none. Some peaches a few peaches. And made some jam. And put up some fried okra. Fried my okra and packed it up in jars. Interviewer: I didn't know you could put it up fried. 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah you can put it up fried. But it takes a lots of grease to put up fried {NW} okra, I'm telling you. {NW} But see I had more in my deep freezer when I was on keep on putting more in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: So I just when I got me some okra I just fried it and packed it up in jars. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And it keeps alright? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah here it keeps, I'll show it to you. {NS} {NW} if I can get up. Interviewer: {X} 464: brought up {D: against} some grandchildren down there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And uh what do you have on the table to season your food with? 464: {NW} salt and black pepper and Interviewer: Okay. 464: Ketchup. Interviewer: #1 And # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: huh? 464: Cu- salt and black pepper and ketchup and let's let's see now what else. Something else but I done forgot it now {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Say um if there was a bowl of apples sitting on the table and a child wanted one he'd tell you 464: {X} I wants one of them apples. Interviewer: Or he'd say give me 464: Give me one of them apples. {NW} Interviewer: And um say if if you don't have any money at all you say you're not rich, you're 464: Poor. Interviewer: And um say if you have a lot of peach trees say you have a peach 464: Orchard. Interviewer: And um the inside part of a cherry you know the part that you don't eat 464: The seeds? Interviewer: Okay. What about in a peach? 464: The seeds. Interviewer: And what do you call that part inside the peach? 464: Inside the peach? {NW} I'd call it uh {X} can't think. I'd say the meat of the peach, I don't know what {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call that kind of peach that you have to cut the seed out of? 464: {X} a press? Interviewer: Okay. What about the other kind of peach? 464: Uh {NW} I know but I just can't call it now. {NS} {X} {D: clair seed?} Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um the part of the apple that you don't eat. 464: The kernel. Interviewer: {NW} And um when you'd cut up apples and dry them you say you're making 464: Dried apples? Interviewer: Okay. But wha- what do you call that part that you throw away? {X} 464: Peeling. Interviewer: Or after you've eaten it. 464: Oh the kernel? Interviewer: Okay. And what kinds of nuts do you have around here? 464: Pecans and {NS} hazelnuts and hickory nuts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Well they call 'em walnuts but I said hickory nuts {NW} Interviewer: Do you think um is that the same thing? 464: Let's see. Is it the same thing now? Walnuts and hickory nuts? Uh-uh. No it sure ain't. There're walnut and then there are hickory nut. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You know on the walnut it's got a a soft covering you know when it first falls off the tree? 464: Mm-hmm. I call that the hull on there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Then when you take that off you've still got a hard cover 464: Uh sure do, you have to crack that one. Interviewer: What do you call that? 464: I what do I call that inside? Interviewer: Well that yeah that hard 464: I call it a hickory nut hull. Interviewer: Okay. And um what about the kind of nuts that grow in the ground? 464: Peanuts. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 464: Pindars. Interviewer: Now is that the same thing? 464: No it ain't same thing cause a peanut it's a little old short something, it's just got two peanuts in 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And a pindar some of 'em got two and three in 'em. Call them pindars we do here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And them little old bitty ones we call 'em peanuts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. A pindar is the 464: #1 It's a long one # Interviewer: #2 it's the long one? # 464: uh-huh and the peanut's a little old two-hulled two Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: thing in 'em. They little old bitty things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about um something that's about the size of an apple and it it grows in Florida a lot? 464: Mm let's see. {D: that's uh} Interviewer: It's you now about this this big or so? 464: That's a uh I can't call the name of it now. Uh Pomegranate? Interviewer: Well I'm #1 thinking # 464: #2 No? # Interviewer: of something more common that 464: Oh. Let's see now. {NS} A is it a quince? Interviewer: Or just something um well what you know in in Christmas um what do people what Santa Claus {D: must've} put in 464: #1 Oh uh # Interviewer: #2 stockings? # What kinda fruit? 464: Oranges and uh Interviewer: Okay. 464: and uh let's see have to be studying on the other one now. Interviewer: Well oranges was what I was thinking of. 464: Uh-huh. Yeah. {C: door creaks} Oranges. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Say if you had a bowl of oranges or one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd oranges are 464: Gone. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um what sort of things did you grow in a garden? 464: Well collards, cabbages, turnips, Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 and # rutabagas. Interviewer: What do you call all those things? 464: Say which? Interviewer: What do you call all those things? 464: Say what do I call Interviewer: Yeah the turnips and collards. 464: Collards well the turnips has roots on 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And the collards just grows up and has leaves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And the mustard grows up with just leaves, they don't have no roots. And rutabagas has roots on 'em. Interviewer: What do you call those leaves when you cook 'em? 464: I just call 'em rutabaga leaves or collard leaves or whatever Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: You say you cook the turnips and make a mess of 464: Huh? Interviewer: You cook the turnips and make a mess of 464: Uh turnips. Mm-hmm. Just make a mess of turnips all I know. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call that salad? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah, I called it salad sometimes, sometimes I say turnips. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 And greens? # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: Uh- Interviewer: #1 You # 464: #2 huh. # Interviewer: mentioned that earlier. 464: Yeah collard collard salad and turnip salad and mustard salad and rutabaga salad. Interviewer: What about poke? 464: Poke. Poke salad? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. I cooks that sometime when I can find it, I don't find none now though. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 They # cook I can go get that and boil it in uh wash it off after I boil it and then I get me some young turnips or something and mix it with 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And I call that salad, poke salad. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What else do you grow in a garden? 464: Well onions. Sweet peas. English peas and Interviewer: Talking about the onions what do you call those little young fresh ones that you'd pull up and eat? {NS} 464: {D: I don't} {NS} Fool gone I reckon, he ai- woke up and gone. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Huh? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} I said he gone I reckon. Uh some little here how, I don't know what they call them now. Sure don't. {NW} Lord have mercy. Interviewer: Uh do you know what I mean? 464: Uh-uh. Interviewer: You know you take these onions and well you get 'em early in the spring you know before they get before they get real big 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 and # 464: Little old bitty things like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Well {NW} {NW} we always gets them and set 'em out and then they'll make big old roots. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: When they get rooted then {D: time to} take 'em up or the {D: stalks'll} go to dying, you dig the roots up Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: and save them. Mm-hmm. And I have went out and cropped mine when they'd be growing up crop 'em off and fry 'em with eggs, mix 'em up with eggs {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about a little red thing that grows down in the ground? 464: Radish? Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And what about # something that's red, it grows up on a you stake it up. Grows on a bush. 464: {NW} wa- tomatoes? Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What do you call # those little ones? 464: {NW} Uh them little red things Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 growing up? # Interviewer: Well 464: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 this # 464: call 'em wait a minute, let me see now. {X} Interviewer: It's tomatoes you know. 464: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Those little ones # 464: But I I was trying to think of what I'd call them little things. I done forgot now what I call them. But I remember what you talking about, the little bitty old uh tomatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But I don't know Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear # 464: #2 I done forgot # Interviewer: cherry tomatoes or salad tomatoes or tommy toes? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah sure have. Interviewer: What is it? 464: {X} Uh-huh, they're they them little tommy toes they grows in there #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 464: {NW} Sure. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called outhouse tomatoes? 464: No I ain't heared 'em call 'em that as I know of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And something that grows down in the ground you'd po- people say along with your meat you might have a baked 464: Sweet potato? Interviewer: Okay. What kinds of sweet potatoes are there? 464: There are well I'm gonna tell you, that's what I got used to hear it called them dark kind they call 'em nig killers. {NW} Interviewer: #1 They call 'em what? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} they {NW} they had some dark kind of potatoes you know the peelings'd be old red dark Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: peelings. They call them nig killers, that's what they used to call 'em. Sure did. And then they had some yam potatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And let me see what else had some yams and nig killers they call 'em and Interviewer: Yam was a d- a special kind of sweet potato? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah. Sweet potatoes and uh uh let's see there was another name or s- s- sweet potatoes but I just can't think of but them two, them we call the yams and the nig killers. Them what they call the nig killers they had dark skin you know peeling on 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But I ain't seed none of them in a long time. They got some yams and s- some other name but I can't think of it now. Interviewer: What other kinds of potatoes besides sweet potatoes? 464: Well I don't know no other kind but Irish potatoes. Interviewer: Okay. And um something that um well what different kinds of beans did you have? 464: Well we had English beans? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Uh we had snap beans and let's see Yankee beans. Pole beans. And uh English peas. {C: traffic} And uh butter beans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's a butter beans look like? 464: They're little old flat things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: They'd be about sometimes they'd have about three beans in 'em, sometime they don't have but two in 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Let me see {NS} think I got, I got one planted out here on the porch I think. {NW} Interviewer: Well you're don't you don't 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 have to get up. # 464: #1 I'll show it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: to you so you know'll what I'm talking about. You wash and scrub 'em. Make up beds then and summer clothes for Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 for nothing. # 464: Then when the welfare went to paying her for somebody to go up there and help she went getting Rachel to help her. And she'd pay Rachel, well Rachel had to go to {D: hospital} and then she got my daughter-in-law over there to pay it to help. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And her so after Rachel come back she quit getting {X} and went to getting Rachel again. And I went up there one day, Jimmy was here, her step-son was here, I said Jimmy I say if you will uh ain't got nothing to do this evening would you run me up to Ms Course to see her? He say yessum grandma, I can carry you up there. So he carried me on up there and I went up there and we was sitting in the front, she was sitting in the front room. Her and Mr George {B} And Mr George was fixing to leave so she got up and went in her bedroom she say come here a minute Mr George so he went there and she gave him some money to get her something, I don't know what. She stayed in there and stayed in there, she didn't never come back in the house. I sat there and sat there {D: directly} I say Mr George told me when he went to leave he say Ms Sayer anytime you want to come up here and see Ms Coral if I ain't busy I'll bring you. I said okay. So her stepson had went down to his house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: She say uh she's sitting there and sitting there {D: I saw they} {X} I said Ms Coral I says you laying down? No I ain't laying down, I'm sitting down. So I got up and went on down there, I told Jimmy I said Jimmy, I'm ready to go home. I ain't been back there since. Interviewer: She wouldn't see you? 464: Uh-uh. No she ain't as good as I'd been to her all of 'em can tell you that I'd I'd walk up there to her house and and scrub and clean off her stove and wash up all of her dishes and clean out her {D: say} for not nothing. And then when welfare went to giving them money to pay somebody to do her work up there she quit getting me and went to getting a woman off out here. Then when she went to the hospital, she had to go with her eyes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then she went to getting my daughter-in-law to go up there. And then she got sh- when Rachel come back from the hospital she went to getting Rachel again. {NW} and uh so the other day she passed by here and I was sitting out there, I can't see too good and I was trying to look to see who it was. She got right out here and I was looking out that way. {NS} Turned the head and went looking away the other way. Interviewer: {NW} 464: I said old hellfire I said much as I've done for her now she won't even throw up a hand at me when she pass. Interviewer: {NW} 464: But I'd love for you to see her but I wouldn't carry you up there cause she might {D: end searching} me too. Interviewer: {NW} Sounds like {X} funny. 464: She sure is funny. {D: Funnier to us and} night, I told Fan and them yesterday evening last night, no this morning I say uh Fan said something about why don't you carry her up there and let her talk with Ms Coral, I said uh-uh. I say I'm scared she'll insult me and the girl too if I keep {D: her over there} {NW} and you hear what that girl said about if you going out to her house Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 didn't you? # 464: I don't believe in nothing like that. But I bet you her momma would be glad to talk with you. Interviewer: {NW} 464: I bet you she would. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Cause she like myself, she love to talk about old stuff too but these young folks, they don't think about not not all of 'em now cause you do but I'm talking about them two don't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: They believes in this fast time, now I love to get {D: the person} ask questions and talk about old things, it's back and I know her momma would too but I heared what she said, I was gonna tell you let's go out there but after I hear it what evening they said I said I better not go out there cause Eva May might insult both of us. Interviewer: {NW} 464: {NW} {NW} {D: ain't that the way} say if momma and grandma always teached us to teach treat people like we want to be treated, nobody nobody wanna be treated. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And so I try to treat folks that way to the best of my knowledge. But Eva May don't care who's feelings she hurt. Interviewer: #1 Well # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: if you're talking about the the butter beans um when you wanna get the beans outta the pod you s- you say you want to 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you 464: #1 See # Interviewer: #2 have # 464: you pick 'em off of them bushes like I showed you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And then you take 'em and bust them hulls open Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 and # beans is in them hulls. Interviewer: You say you're you're hulling the beans then? Or 464: Uh-huh Interviewer: #1 {D: shelling them?} # 464: #2 yeah. # Yeah you shelling them. After you pick 'em off of them vines Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Then you shell 'em. Bust 'em open and shell 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what what do you call the the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 464: Sweet corn? Interviewer: Okay. How do you cook that? 464: Well you can fry it or you can just put it in a pot and boil it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Or you can shave it off of them cobs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And put it in a fryer and put you some butter in there and and let it steam and cook that way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever call that roast 464: Say which? Interviewer: Did you ever call that anything besides sweet corn? 464: No I ain't never called it nothing besides sweet corn but they have some of this other kind, this old field corn I call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I you can cut it off the cobs when it's tender but you have to get it while it's good and tender. Interviewer: Did you ever call that roast 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What's that? 464: Roast corn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear roasting ears? 464: Oh yeah, uh-huh yeah we call it roasting ears. Interviewer: What what does that mean? 464: Well you gets the corn you shave it off cut it off pick the silks out from it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 And then # cut it off like that with a knife and scrape it like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And you can bag it up or you can put it in a fryer with some butter and steam it down and cook it that way. I likes it that way too. Interviewer: What do you call the the covering on the corn? 464: Shucks. Interviewer: And what about the thing that grows over the top of the cornstalk? 464: The tassels. Interviewer: Okay. And um this is something that's it's a little yellow crooked-necked vegetable. 464: Squashes? Interviewer: Okay. Are there different kinds of squashes? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah, there're two kind, there are some {D: growsed} next to 'em then there's some that's round squashes. Some of 'em be green, some of 'em be yellow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What do you call that round one? 464: Well I call it the round yellow squash. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about something that's big that you make pie out of it at Thanksgiving? 464: Pumpkins. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And what kind of melons do you have? 464: Watermelons. Interviewer: Are there 464: #1 and and # Interviewer: #2 different kinds # 464: pie melons. Interviewer: What's a pie melon? 464: Simpson make pies out them too. Them pie melons is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are they hard to to bust open? Are they 464: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 the ones # 464: they ain't so hard. You'd had to take a knife though and cut 'em open. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What do they look like on the inside? 464: They are some of 'em's greens, some of 'em's kinda yellow looking. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {X} Interviewer: What different kinds of watermelons are there? 464: Well {D: there's} two kind I know of, I can think of the name, they uh now I can't think of the name of them old long ones but there's some of 'em there's uh guinea {D: Guinness} watermelons. Them little old bitty round ones. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. And some of 'em be those long ones like that. I don't know what they call them. Interviewer: What other kinds of melons are there besides watermelons? 464: Well Interviewer: Pie melons? 464: I don't know no kind I don't believe but watermelons pie melons. Interviewer: Did you ever hear mu- 464: Mullet. Interviewer: Mushmelon or 464: Oh yeah! Mushmelon yeah. {D: Made} mushmelons too. Interviewer: What's that like? 464: It's a little old {X} thing when it get's green at first but when it get ripe it turns yellow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And you can cut it open. And then the seeds all inside and then you can peel it off and I always put salt on mine when I'd go to eat it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: It'd be kinda sweet and I'd put sprinkle salt on it. Interviewer: Is there another name for that? Mushmelon? 464: No. Unless there is I I don't think they're pie melons. Interviewer: Did you ever hear #1 cantal- # 464: #2 {X} # 464: cantaloupes. Uh-huh. Yeah cantaloupes. Interviewer: #1 Now what, what's that like # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} That's a little old ro- {NW} little old round something. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 464: #2 It's # greenish-looking. But you had to cut them and peel the peeling off of them just eat 'em put salt or whatever you want on 'em and eat 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um the little umbrella-shaped thing that springs open in the woods or fields after it's been raining. 464: Mushmelons. Interviewer: Or not a 464: #1 No not # Interviewer: #2 a melon. # Interviewer: #1 It's # 464: #2 it's a # Interviewer: little umbrella-shaped thing. 464: Uh you don't eat 'em do you? I know a little old something that grows up in the field like that made up like an umbrella but I can't think of the name of it now. Interviewer: Did you ever hear mush- 464: Mushroom? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's 464: Mushroom. Yeah that's {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 Uh-huh. # {NW} I know'd I couldn't but I just can't think of the name of all them little things. Interviewer: Is there something else kinda like that with a different name? 464: {NW} {NW} No. Not as I know of. Interviewer: What about um toadstool or frog bench or berry caps? 464: Mm-hmm. I have heared of them things and I reckon I've seed some but I done forgot about 'em. Interviewer: What what's that? 464: Uh Let's see s- mushrooms and I can't think of the name of them other things they call. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if someone had a a real bad sore throat you'd say well he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 464: Swallow it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And um what do people smoke made outta tobacco? {C: traffic} 464: Say what do they smoke? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: They smokes tobacco Interviewer: #1 we- # 464: #2 uh # Interviewer: how how's the tobacco come? It's 464: S- s- made off of they makes it on the farm they tell me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And uh pick it and then cure it and have it. Tobacco made out of it. Make twist tobacco out in it and smoking tobacco out in it and all other kinds say I don't know I ain't see'd that, I just heared that Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do you call the long white things that you smoke? 464: Cigarettes. Interviewer: Okay and the brown things? 464: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 That men # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: smoke. 464: What Interviewer: Well 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 there's # cigarettes and 464: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: pipes. Interviewer: And 464: {NW} cigars. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if someone offered to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I don't want to feel 464: Say which? Interviewer: Someone offered to do you a favor they might say well I appreciate it but I don't want to be what? You don't wanna 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 feel # like you owe that person some- 464: #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 thing you say # 464: Sure I don't wanna feel like it I owe 'em something, I don't wanna do 'em, do more for me than I can for them. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 464: #2 I # sure don't. Interviewer: You say I don't wanna feel 464: S- bad over it. Interviewer: Okay. And someone um asked you if you were able to do something you'd say sure I do it. 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Sure I # 464: Mm-hmm. I can do it. Interviewer: And if you weren't able to you'd say well I'd like to but I just 464: Ain't able. Interviewer: Right you'd say they asked you can you do that you'd say no 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I # 464: just ain't able to do it. Interviewer: #1 Or no I ca- # 464: #2 {X} # 464: Can't do it. Interviewer: Huh? 464: I said no I can't do it I just ain't Interviewer: #1 okay. # 464: #2 able. # Interviewer: And if it's something that you could do but you didn't want to you'd say well I could do it but I just 464: Don't want to. Or I tell 'em. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Or they s- # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: They say will you do that? And you say no I 464: Can't do it. Interviewer: Or no I w- 464: Ain't able to do it. Interviewer: Or 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 no I wo- # 464: I won't do it. Interviewer: Huh? 464: No I won't do that. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if um if a boy got a whipping you'd say well I bet he did something he 464: Had no business doing. Interviewer: Or 464: Hadn't {D: got} no right to do. Interviewer: Or saying that that wasn't what he ought to do, you'd say I bet he did something he 464: Had no business of doing. Interviewer: Okay. But what about using the word ought? You say I bet he did something he 464: Ought not to do. Interviewer: Okay. And um talking about kinds of animals some the kind of bird that can see in the dark. 464: Uh-huh. I don't know what kind can see in the dark {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 Well you know it's # 464: Bird? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Some of 'em make this kind of scary noise. 464: Mm-hmm. That them old uh uh-uh. I can't call the name of 'em but I can hear 'em some nights around here hollering. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But I can't call the name of 'em now. Interviewer: Well the 464: #1 An old # Interviewer: #2 big ones. # 464: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Huh? 464: Old mockingbird he ought to could see any time {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What what about the big ones that some of 'em can can um kill chickens even. 464: Hawks? Interviewer: Or they come out at night though. 464: Mm-hmm. {X} I don't know what kind them is. Interviewer: Well it 464: Sure don't. Interviewer: Something that um it makes a kinda scary noise maybe around a graveyard. 464: Yeah I don't know what that is either. Don't know the name of 'em. Interviewer: Well do you hear something called a hoot 464: Say which? Interviewer: It's something that hoots. {C: traffic} 464: Oh owl? Hooping owl? Interviewer: Huh? 464: Shivering owl? Interviewer: What's the shivering owl? 464: It's an old something, it hollers at night. Interviewer: Is it the little owl? 464: Uh-uh. No they pretty good size the owls. Interviewer: What different kinds of owls are there? 464: Well there an old hooping owl and then there an old shivering owl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. But I don't know which one of 'em's the biggest now, that old hooping owl or the shivering owl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But I do hate to hear them shivering owls holler at night. Interviewer: Why is that? 464: I hates to hear them shivering owls holler at night. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Why? # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: Just} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: Well some of 'em say it's just the idea you got but I know I I've hearing the older folks say whenever them things be hollering around your house at night you gonna lose one out of the family. Interviewer: Oh really? 464: And I know whenever I lived up there on the hill {D: what} the other night there was old old shivering owl would get out in that oak tree and holler. And it weren't I {D: mentioned to 'em} some of 'em say oh that ain't no sign, that's just old word. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Here and it weren't long before my one of my cousin's daughters died. And then another thing I hate to hear howling at night is a dog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: They say that ain't no sign but I believe in it. They say if you believe in it they'll follow you but I know before my brother died old dog would get right out there between my house and L-J's over here every night and he'd just howl, howl. I say now if I had me a gun I'd go out there and shoot that dog. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} some of 'em say oh that ain't no sign but it weren't long before my brother died. Interviewer: {NW} 464: Now I don't love to hear a dog {X} he died like this year and the next year my other brother passed. Old dog would howl around here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} It might not be no sign but some of 'em say if you believe in it, it'll follow you and so {NW} I believes in it I reckon and it follows me. Interviewer: {NW} What do you call um the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 464: Woodpecker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Any other name for him? # 464: Mm not as I know of. That's all I ever heared is a woodpecker. Interviewer: What do you call the um the big one? 464: {D: Pecker.} This little quill? Interviewer: Well the #1 it's a # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: woodpecker only big. 464: #1 S- # Interviewer: #2 About the # 464: say which? Interviewer: It's a it's a big woodpecker about the size of a chicken. 464: Uh-huh. {D: Well} I don't know no other name. Interviewer: Well have you ever heard um that called a Lord God? 464: Uh-u- yeah I've heared folks talk about 'em but I ain't seed 'em, if I did I didn't know it. {NW} Interviewer: What what did you hear it called? 464: {NW} Lord God let me see now I did hear that too but I done forgot that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I done forgot what they said it was. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called peckerwood? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah I sure have. Heared 'em call 'em peckerwoods but I had forgot Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Have you ever # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: heard people called peckerwoods? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah I've heared 'em called peckerwoods. Interviewer: Have you ever heard a a someone called a person a peckerwood? 464: No I ain't heared that I don't believe. Uh-uh. No I ain't heared it. Interviewer: And what about a kind of black-and-white animal? It's got a real strong smell. 464: White-and-black animal? {NW} {NW} Let me see. I have heared it but I done forgot what {NW} what it is. Interviewer: Oh you know it it's a it's a black-and-white animal, it's got a real strong smell. 464: {NW} {X} a polecat? Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} {NW} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And # um say if um talking about the animals that could come and kill your chickens is there any one name that you could use to mean all of those kind of animals? 464: Mm-hmm. Well possums'll come and kill 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And uh foxes'll come and kill 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I know them two will. But I don't know none the rest of 'em. Interviewer: Well what would you call animals like that? 464: {NW} I don't know. Do you ever call 'em var- Varmints? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh, I call 'em varmints. Interviewer: What what do you mean by varmint? 464: I don't know I just give 'em that name, that was all. {NW} Didn't know why I called 'em varmints. I appreciate that. Catch up directly maybe. {NW} Interviewer: And uh {NS} a bushy-tailed animal that um climbs trees 464: Coons and possums. Interviewer: Or something smaller. 464: Squirrels. Interviewer: Okay. What kinds of squirrels are there? 464: Cat squirrels and fox squirrels. Interviewer: What's the difference? 464: Well some of 'em's larger than others. Interviewer: Wait which is 464: #1 The the # Interviewer: #2 larger? # 464: fox squirrel's larger than the cat squirrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about something that looks kinda like a squirrel only it can't climb trees? 464: Uh no they can climb a tree. I started to say a rat but a rat can climb a tree {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {D: Oh let's see.} Interviewer: Did you ever heared of chipmunk or ground squirrel? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah I've heared tell of them. Interviewer: What's that? 464: Gr- ground squirrel if he's on the ground. Interviewer: What does he #1 look like? # 464: #2 {X} # 464: Well he looks like a squirrel but he ain't as large as a squirrel. Them I see'd one. Interviewer: Well what sort of fish do you get around here? 464: Well you gets mullan. Interviewer: Is that from the saltwater? Or 464: Mm-hmm. Mullen fish and uh {NW} catfish and let's see red snapper. {C: traffic} There's another kind that get out there, an old an eel, to get them out of the water too. Fish eels. Interviewer: What else do they get out of the Gulf besides um fish? 464: Well they gets uh turtles I reckon. Yeah. Loggerheads and soft-shelled turtles. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the kind of turtle that can gets on land? 464: {D: Uh-huh.} I call them gophers. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 Those are the big # Interviewer: ones aren't they? 464: {NW} Uh-huh. Well sometime you find a a loggerhead out on the land but he be just coming out from the water and be crossing I reckon there people run up on him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: But gophers they stays on land all the time. {D: Have them holes on} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Go down there. Interviewer: What about um the small thing that gets on land? 464: Turtles? Interviewer: Yeah but the small kinda turtle. 464: Cooters? Interviewer: Okay well what's a 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 cooter then? # 464: {NW} I don't know. {NW} A little old cooter all I know. {NW} I call 'em horseshoes, I don't know what they is. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 Them old # little bitty ones I call 'em horseshoe cooters. Interviewer: It's a little turtle that's on land? 464: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Um what about um well s- something that they get from the Gulf though that comes in shells. 464: {NW} I know but I can't think of the name of that. Uh you eats it don't you? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 I know it # Interviewer: #2 What's that with # a pearl in it sometimes? 464: I know but I just can't call the name of it now. Uh can't call the name of them things. But I know what you're talking about I reckon. {X} Interviewer: {D: Say if something} oys- 464: Huh? Interviewer: Oys- 464: Oysters. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {X} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: And what about something else that they get they take a net and drag a net out there? And it gets these, they're they're sort of whitish-pink. 464: {D: Let's see} Interviewer: And you boil 'em. 464: {D: see} {NS} Shrimp {C: buzzing} Interviewer: Okay. Say if you wanted some of those you might ask for two or three pounds of 464: Shrimp. Interviewer: And um this is something that um well say in a um in a stream or creek you might pick up a rock and find this under it, it's got a hard shell and claws on it? 464: {NW} Interviewer: Turtle? 464: Well someth- no it's Interviewer: #1 got claws # 464: #2 no it's # claws on it? Interviewer: You might find it on under a rock. And if you touch it it'd swim away backwards. 464: I don't know what that'd be. Sure don't. Interviewer: Did you ever hear craw- or 464: Crawfish? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Uh-huh. Yeah I remember now. Interviewer: And what might you hear making a 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 noise # around a 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 pond at # night? 464: {NW} Say what do you hear? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Making noise? Frogs? Interviewer: Okay what do you call those big ones? 464: Bullfrogs I call 'em {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. And those little ones? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Uh them little ones, let me I don't know what they call them. But I call them old big ones bullfrogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But what about the little ones that get up in the um trees and they're supposed to come out after a storm. 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: After it's been raining. 464: Mm I call 'em water frogs. Interviewer: Okay. Are those those little green ones that 464: Uh-huh. Yeah. Interviewer: What about the kind that um hops around and on land? 464: Well them tho- yard frogs I call 'em, I don't know the old dark-looking ones. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I call 'em yard frogs. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # I call 'em toadfrogs, that's what I call 'em but mostly be in the yard hopping around. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about um say if you were gonna go fishing what might you dig up to go fishing with? 464: Say what did I dig up? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Earthworms and grubbers. Interviewer: Okay. What about little fish that you might use for bait? 464: Uh uh roaches. Interviewer: Or little fish though. 464: {X} little fish? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I called 'em ro- them little long ones like that? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I call 'em roaches, I don't know what they is Interviewer: It's it's a little fish that you get? 464: Uh-huh {X} you can catch some of them little old brims too sometime. Interviewer: Huh. 464: And fish with 'em. Interviewer: Um this is a a kind of insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into the light. 464: Candle fly? Candle- Interviewer: Okay. 464: flies. Mm-hmm. Or candle bugs or something, I Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 don't know. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: They bad about dipping around if you leave the door open here at night. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Dipping around the lights. {NW} Interviewer: What about something that uh gets in your wool clothes and eats holes in 'em? 464: Uh uh I know but I can't call them names now. {X} Know what that is but I just can't call the name of 'em. But I know one thing that'll eat clothes now and that's them old big I call 'em wood roaches. They'll sure eat your clothes cause they have eat some of mine. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} And I know the name of them other things that'll eat your clothes but I can't think of it. Interviewer: Well what do you put out to get rid of 'em? 464: Well Interviewer: Those white balls you know? 464: Mm-hmm. Uh mothballs. Interviewer: Okay well what do you call those things? 464: {NW} Interviewer: The insects? You call them mo- 464: Mo- mo- no Interviewer: Huh? 464: There's there's that old {D: moth} what is it? I can't think of 'em but I know the name of 'em but I can't think of 'em, I know you put mothballs out for 'em but I can't think of the name of those bugs. Interviewer: Well what about something that has a little light in it's tail? 464: Uh lightning bug I call 'em. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 And a # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: a little red thing that get some- on your s- 464: On your skin? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh uh red bug. Interviewer: Okay. What about something that bites you and makes you itch? 464: And what they don't stick on you? Interviewer: No something else that that bite 464: Fleas? Interviewer: Well 464: Flea? A flea? Interviewer: Something it flies around. It- 464: Oh skeeters? Interviewer: Okay. And what about something that's supposed to eat skeeters? 464: Eat skeeters. Old skeeter bugs I reckon, that's what I say {NW} Interviewer: #1 What does a skeeter bug look like? # 464: #2 {NW} # I see big old blu- bugs fly around, I say them skeeter bugs. Interviewer: What do they look like? 464: They looks like a they made up like a skeeter but they're bigger than a skeeter you know? Pretty good long things about like that. Interviewer: How many 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 wings # do they have? 464: I don't see but two. Interviewer: #1 What about something # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that's got four wings? 464: See I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever heared of skeeter hawk? Or 464: Oh yeah uh-huh, skeeter hawk. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a skeeter bug? 464: That's what I call 'em, them old skeeter hawks I say that's what they is, I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that that the same thing skeeter hawk and skeeter bug? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah. That's what I say, I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What kinds of insects'll sting you? 464: Sting you? A a a honeybee and a yellow jacket. Interviewer: Where does a yellow jacket build a nest? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah they {X} and uh {D: wasps} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Them wasps will build 'em a little nest out of something and them old bees will build them a nest outta dirt- old dirt daubers will build them a nest out of dirt. Interviewer: Do dirt daubers sting you? 464: They say they will, there aren't none never stung me Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Where do yellow do yellow-jackets build their nest up or do they 464: Build it up in the house, up in corners of the house, porches and things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about something that builds a n- big old nest? 464: Well that's a hornet ain't it? Interviewer: Okay. And um something that hops around in the grass? 464: Grasshopper. Interviewer: Did you ever hear those called hopper grass? 464: Mm-hmm. I called 'em grasshopper but I heared 'em call 'em hopper grass too. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} I called 'em backwards I reckon. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What about um say if you hadn't cleaned a room in a while up in the corner in the ceiling you might find a 464: Spiderwebs and spiders. Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 Dirt- # Interviewer: #2 What about # 464: dauber nests {D: you know?} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What do {C: speech distortion} what about something outside maybe across a bush that a spider built? 464: Spiderwebs I call. Interviewer: Okay. And um do you know what they call the kind of tree that you tap for syrup? 464: For syrup? Interviewer: Uh-huh. The kind of tree. 464: {D: Well honey} {X} {C: speech distortion} Interviewer: Tell me something about what different kinds of trees {NS} there are around here. {NS} 464: Well {C: tape distortion} they {C: tape distortion} pine trees and {C: tape distortion} oak trees and {C: tape distortion} dogwood trees and simmon trees. {C: tape distortion} Now let's see now what else {C: tape distortion} can I think of. {C: tape distortion} oaks and pines and simmons. And uh dogwoods and plum trees apple trees uh Interviewer: #1 What a- # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what about a kind of tree that grows near the water? 464: {X} Interviewer: #1 It's got # 464: #2 let's s- # Interviewer: you can peel the bark off. 464: Let's see now. I done forgot what kind Interviewer: It's got little balls on it. 464: Little balls on it. Is it uh Interviewer: Do you know syc- 464: Say what? Interviewer: Syca- 464: Sycamore trees? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. {NS} Yeah and a they uh let's see there another kind of tree grows close by the water too but I just can't think of the name of it. {NS} Sure can't now. Interviewer: What about um a bush that it turns bright red in the fall? 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 It's got # berries on it. 464: Uh got little red berries on it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Let me see. I know that but I can't think of it right now. Sure is. Interviewer: Do you have 464: #1 Ms Nanc- # Interviewer: #2 a tree or # 464: Ms Nancy got one down there in her yard, that thing sure be prettier when them little berries. come on it just as red {NW} Interviewer: Do you have something uh 464: I can't think Interviewer: #1 sumac? Or # 464: #2 of the name of it # Interviewer: sumac? 464: Say which? No it's uh Interviewer: Did you have a bush called that around here? 464: #1 what? # Interviewer: #2 S- # -umac? Or sumac? 464: No I ain't hear it tell of none of them around here. But I just can't think of the name of that tree. No gov- every time I set me out one it'll die I want some, they so pretty I want me wanted me one #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 464: every time I'd set out one it would die. {NW} Interviewer: What about flowering bushes? What 464: #1 flower- # Interviewer: #2 different # Interviewer: flowering bushes do you have? 464: There are rose bushes and ch- {D: cake jestners and} morning glories and Interviewer: Do you have something called um spoon wood or mountain laurel or 464: mm-mm Interviewer: #1 rhodo- # 464: #2 no. # Interviewer: -dendron? 464: No I don't have none of them, I ain't see'd none of 'em around Interviewer: #1 Uh- # 464: #2 here. # Interviewer: huh. 464: And uh blood drippers, I got one of them out here in the yard. {D: The} blood dripper flowers. {NW} And pinks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And uh roses and lilies and violets and let's see can I think {D: in 'em} the rest of 'em now. Interviewer: What about a a tree that's got real shiny green leaves and it's got these big white flowers? 464: {NW} That's a uh crazy can't think of it. I know what you're talking about but I can't call the name of it right now. Uh Interviewer: Did you hear mag- 464: Uh Interviewer: cucumber tree? Or 464: No Interviewer: #1 magnolia? # 464: #2 it's uh # 464: it's a big old tree it grows and I know what you're talking about but I can't call the name of it. It's got great big old white blooms on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {X} but I can't call the name of that tree now. Interviewer: Do you have something you call {D: cowcumber? Or} cucumber 464: #1 cucumbers? # Interviewer: #2 tree? # 464: They Interviewer: #1 {D: or} # 464: #2 vines. # Cucumbers {X} vines Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 grows down on the # ground. Interviewer: What about magnolia? 464: Magnolia? Interviewer: Do you have that around here? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah they grows around the edge of these branches and things. Magnolia tree do and uh I was trying to think of that name of that tree that got them big old blooms on it. Interviewer: What does a magnolia tree look like? 464: It's a little tree looks sorta like well it has blooms on it too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: but {NS} it's got pretty good leaves on it, green leaves on it. {NW} Interviewer: And what kind of tree did George Washington cut down? 464: {NW} I sure don't know, you ask me something I don't know Interviewer: #1 okay. # 464: #2 about # {NW} Interviewer: #1 Um # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And um talking about berries um those red berries that you can make shortcake out of? 464: Red berries? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Well they uh there are berries around here they call the they call 'em rabbit eyes, they pretty good size berries, {D: they} {X} blue. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: So blue until they look black and then there's some uh Interviewer: Are they good to eat? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah they good. And uh they call 'em they call 'em rabbit eyes but some of 'em call 'em blueberries and then there some little s- bitty berries Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 they # call 'em may berries. Got some of them trees around here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What about a # red berry? that you 464: Red Interviewer: buy at the store? 464: Oh that's a a I know what that is too but I can't think of it. Cause I had {NW} I just can't think of the name of 'em but I know what you're talking about. It's strawberries? Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 And # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about a a berry that um well some of 'em are red and some of 'em are black they got sort of a rough surface to 'em. 464: Rough surface to 'em? {D: Is that brawberries?} Interviewer: I was thinking of ra- 464: Rabbit eyes? Interviewer: Or ras- 464: Raspberry? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Raspberries {NW} Interviewer: Do you have those around here? 464: {X} there's some of 'em around here. {NW} {C: traffic} Interviewer: What kinds of um bushes or vines will um will make your skin break out if you touch 'em? 464: Let's see now I know that too but I can't think of it. Cause some of these children got into some of that here this year. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} but I can't think of the name of 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Do you do you know what I mean though? It it makes your skin 464: Mm-hmm itch and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Ruffled up I call it and bump up or something Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} but I can't think of the name of 'em now. But there's some of that around here too cause I hear them children talking about they got into some of it here this year. Make it up like they have the rash or something. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: traffic} 464: But I can't think of the name of 'em. Interviewer: Say if you saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those, they might be 464: Poison. Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever # heard of a a bush or a vine called poison 464: Ivy? Interviewer: Huh? 464: P- I have heard tell of a poison ivy bush. Interviewer: What does that look like? Do you know? 464: I don't know, I ain't see'd it, I just heard 'em talking about it {NW} No I ain't see'd that. {NS} Interviewer: And say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say I have to ask 464: A married woman? Interviewer: Yeah she'd say I have to ask 464: My husband. Interviewer: Okay. And he would say I have to ask 464: uh #1 he # Interviewer: #2 ta- # 464: he would say that? Interviewer: Talking about her he'd say I have to ask 464: My wife. Interviewer: Any joking ways they'd refer to each other? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Any joking ways they would refer to each other? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah but I don't know. I know what I'd say Interviewer: What would 464: #1 if it was me # Interviewer: #2 you # 464: I tell you if you're grown you can suit yourself {NW} Interviewer: #1 What? # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # I'd tell him you was grown you can suit yourself, I don't know why Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} lordy. Interviewer: And a woman whose husband is dead is called a 464: The woman? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: A widow. Interviewer: And um the man whose child you are is called your 464: Say which? Interviewer: The man whose child you are is called your 464: Daddy. Interviewer: Or a- any other names for him? 464: Father. My daddy or father or my Interviewer: And his wife is your 464: Mother. Interviewer: And together they're your 464: Mother and father. Interviewer: Or your 464: Huh? Say what? Interviewer: You- your mother and father are called your 464: Parents. Interviewer: Okay. What did you call your mother and father? 464: Say what did I call 'em? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Called 'em mother and father. Daddy. Interviewer: Okay. And your father's father is called your 464: Granddaddy. Interviewer: And his wife would be your 464: Grandmother. Interviewer: What did you call them? 464: Hmm? Interviewer: What did you call them? 464: Grandmother and granddaddy. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um something on wheels that you can put a baby in and it'll lie down. 464: Wheels you can put a baby in? Interviewer: #1 Something # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: something on wheels you can 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 put a baby # in it. 464: A baby bed? Carriage? Interviewer: Okay. The and you say you'd put the baby in a carriage and then you'd go out and what 464: #1 roll him # Interviewer: #2 the baby? # 464: out? Interviewer: Huh? 464: Roll him. Interviewer: Okay. And if a woman was going to have a child you'd say that she's 464: Pregnant. Interviewer: Okay. Did they used to use that word much? Did 464: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 people # 464: they didn't use it much long when I was coming up, they'd say they was big, that's what {D: they'd say} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Did that does that kind of sort of um 464: {NW} Interviewer: bad to use to say now? 464: Mm-hmm. {X} Yeah it sounded sort of bad but to me but I was and then got so used to it until I reckon it come natural to me but it sounds bad now. Interviewer: Um and if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby you'd get a 464: Midwife. Interviewer: Okay. Is that what they always used to call her? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah. That's what they called 'em, midwives. Interviewer: And um say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has and the same shaped nose you'd say that he 464: Was like his daddy. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Say he was just like his daddy. Interviewer: Okay. What'd be any other way of saying that? 464: Hmm? Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? 464: Mm no not as I know of now. I can't think right now. But that's all we ever used was just like his daddy or just like his mother or Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 whatever # they was. {NW} Interviewer: #1 What if he has # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: he has the same behavior you'd say that he 464: That his daddy had? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {X} Well let's see, we got he- that's what I'd say. He got ways like his daddy. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um if a child was misbehaving you might tell 'em if you did that again you're gonna get a 464: Whooping. Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Any other words? # 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Anything else # 464: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: you could tell him? 464: {NW} {D: Mm I don't know how to say that} And I'll whoop you and that's what I used to say and I'll tell your daddy and let him whoop you. Interviewer: {NW} 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: {NW} Interviewer: And a child that's born to a woman that's not married you'd call the child a 464: Well I tell you what they used to call 'em. Call 'em bastards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Anything else? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} No not as I know of now, I can't think of it right now. Interviewer: Did you 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 ever hear # 464: but I know they used to call 'em bastards whenever they had children and weren't married to the man. Interviewer: Did you ever hear woods- 464: Uh Interviewer: Woods colt? Or 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 woods child? # 464: #2 Yeah # yeah I've heard that, woods- {C: traffic} wood colts. Wood colts. Colts something. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Let's see what 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And um # Interviewer: your brother's son would be called your 464: My brother's son? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: What would I be {D: telling you} talking about? Interviewer: Well what would he be to you? He'd be your 464: Niece or nephew, one some of them. One of them things Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And a child that's lost both parents would be called a 464: o- o- uh motherless and fatherless child. #1 Orphan. # Interviewer: #2 Or they # Interviewer: Huh? 464: Orphan. Interviewer: Okay. And um a person who's supposed to look after him would be called his 464: I can't call that, I know it. Interviewer: #1 His # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 legal # 464: #2 guard- # 464: Mm-hmm. I call 'em his guard mother. Interviewer: Okay. {C: car horn} {C: traffic} What about his legal guard- {C: traffic} 464: Father? Interviewer: Yeah. You know guardian or gua- 464: guardian, uh-huh. Yeah Interviewer: Huh? 464: Uh-huh, it'd be guardian. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} if you have a lot of cousins and nieces and nephews around you'd say this town is full of my nieces and cousins and nephews and Would 464: or c- {NW} {D: my} cousin's brothers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Or you say all those are my 464: Related. Interviewer: #1 Huh? # 464: #2 Relation # my re- {D: my lation- ration or lation or whatever you call it} Interviewer: #1 Oh is that the word you'd # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: use? 464: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: Would you ever say just kin? 464: Yeah some of the yeah, I'll say that too {X} the other day I said everything in Campton is kinfolks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Yes. Everything right round in here is kinfolks and a lots of them in Camp- in Crestview's kinfolks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah, all related right around here. Interviewer: Or you might say um well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me 464: {NW} Interviewer: But actually we're no 464: Related? Interviewer: Or we're no what to each other? 464: No kin? Interviewer: Okay. And somebody who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before you'd call him a 464: I'd call him a stranger. Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What if he came from a different # country? 464: I don't know. I don't know what to put that to Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And um a woman who conduct school is called a 464: Conducts school? Interviewer: Yeah, she's a 464: Teacher. Interviewer: Okay. And these are some names um 464: {NW} Interviewer: the name that the mother of Jesus 464: Say which? Interviewer: The name of the mother of Jesus. 464: Well I don't know I can't answer that question either {NW} Interviewer: Um well you know it starts what's a what are some common names for girls? 464: Girls? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Ladies I reckon. Interviewer: Well I mean 464: #1 {D: but uh} # Interviewer: #2 what # 464: uh Interviewer: what name do are girls given? What are some names of some of the 464: What their daughters? Interviewer: Well I mean just um um or what some name of of some of your um your sisters? 464: Say what is their name? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {X} natural name Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 464: #2 {D: right now?} # 464: Oh. My sister's name Etha Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What are some other names that girls or given? 464: Oh well some of 'em's named Catherine and some of 'em's named Mary and some Edder first one thing {D: then I can't all of 'em} I got a auntie named Edder. She stay down south. {X} I got, all of 'em's dead but one. Interviewer: What about um do you remember the song wait 'til the sun shines 464: Wait 'til the sun shines? Interviewer: Remember the name in that? 464: Uh-uh. No I can't remember that. Sure can't. Interviewer: Do you remember what um in the New Testament. The first book in the New Testament? 464: Uh-uh. Oh honey, I don't know nothing about no testaments and books and things Interviewer: #1 well # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: you remember it it goes something, Mark, Luke and John? 464: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Ma- 464: I'll hearing 'em talk about it but I can't read and I ain't read nothing about that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Sure can't. Interviewer: What about um Do you remember what a male goat is called? 464: Say which? Interviewer: What a male goat is called. 464: Uh-uh. They call him a he-goat. Interviewer: Or it 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 starts with a B # a bill- 464: A billy. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Billy goat. Interviewer: And um you remember what they called a barrel-maker? 464: Barrel maker? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: No I don't remember that. Interviewer: Or do you know the name Cooper or Cooper? 464: Cooper? Interviewer: Yeah. What would you call a married woman who had that name? 464: What would I call a married woman? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Well I'd say she was a married woman Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 464: #2 and # her husband Interviewer: her husband'd be mister, she'd be 464: Mrs Interviewer: What? 464: Whatever her name Mrs whatever his name was {D: um} {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um well if her last name was Cooper or Cooper 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 she'd be # 464: #2 Well she'd # Miss Cooper Interviewer: Okay. And um a preacher that's not very well trained and just sort of preaches here and there is not very good at preaching 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What would you # call him? 464: Well I don't hardly know what I'd call him, just a {NW} I don't know what to call him. {NW} Interviewer: Well have you ever heard um yard axe? Or shade tree? Or jackleg preacher? 464: Mm-hmm. Oh yeah. {X} I'd call him a jackleg preacher. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 How # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 what does # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: jackleg mean? 464: {NW} well I reckon it means he just ain't much of a true preacher. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {D: just} # 464: go around here and yonder and preach wherever they'll let him preach {X} that's what I'd figure. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What uh other things # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: besides preachers would you call jackleg? 464: Uh I don't know. So many things to call I don't I don't know what we'd call {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And um a boy named Bill, his full name would be 464: Say what? Interviewer: If a boy is named Bill his full name would be 464: Bill? Bill Russell I reckon or Bill McGloctin or something, I don't know Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 what. # {NW} Interviewer: Um 464: {NW} Interviewer: Do you remember what Kennedy's first name was? 464: Mm-mm. I sure don't. Interviewer: Um and what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 464: Your mother's sister? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Be your auntie. Interviewer: Okay. And um what's the highest rank in the army? 464: What? The highest {NW} let's see now, I have heard that too but I done forgot it, I can't think of it {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well do you # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 do you know # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what any of the the ranks are? 464: Uh-uh. I sure don't. Interviewer: So there could be a gen- 464: {NW} {D: let's see} I've heard all of 'em ranks in the army but I just can't think of 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Sure can't. Interviewer: Um you remember you know that um Kentucky Fried Chicken? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Do Mm-hmm you know # 464: #2 Yeah # I've heard 'em talk about Kentucky {NW} Fried Chicken. {NW} Interviewer: Do you know what um what the name of that man is? His last name's Sanders. He's #1 called col- # 464: #2 s- # {D: Kirk} Sanders? Interviewer: Okay. And what do they call a man in charge of a ship? 464: A ship. {X} I don't know. Interviewer: He's called a ca- 464: Captain. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um a person who presides over the court he's called the 464: Lawyer? Interviewer: Or 464: #1 you say # Interviewer: #2 The # 464: the uh {X} the judge? Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And a 464: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: have to think and study, I know them things but see I forgets about it and I have to study over it. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: {NW} Interviewer: The the person who person who goes to school is called a 464: The person that goes to school? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: That's the uh students. Interviewer: Okay. And a woman who works in an office and does the typing and everything, she's called the 464: {NW} uh uh let's see. Interviewer: A sec- {C: traffic} 464: Secretary. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And you'd say a a man on the stage would be an actor, a woman would be a 464: Say which? Interviewer: A man on the stage would be an actor. A woman would be a 464: Uh can't think of that neither now. Sure can't. Interviewer: Or say if um if you were born in the United States then you say that you're a what? 464: United State girl I reckon. Interviewer: Huh? 464: {NW} I'd say {NS} if they be born in the United State that'd just be a United State person I reckon. Interviewer: #1 Well there's # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: another name for that. You say you're not a Canadian, you're a 464: {NW} Interviewer: You're an Am- 464: You have to tell me them things, {X} some of 'em I just can't understand them. {NW} Interviewer: Well say um you might say um I'm glad I'm an 464: Say which? Interviewer: You might say I'm I'm glad that I'm a what? 464: {NW} uh living in this state I reckon Interviewer: Yeah you say I don't want to be a German #1 or # 464: #2 {NW} # no I don't wanna be no German, I wanna be a state that I was born Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 here. # {NW} Interviewer: #1 You'd say that # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you're an Amer- 464: An American. Interviewer: Huh? 464: An American. Interviewer: Yeah you say that that you're then a you live in America so you're an Ame- 464: American. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And what do you call people of your race? 464: Say what do I call 'em? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Call 'em colored peoples. Interviewer: Okay. Any other #1 names # 464: #2 Or I guess # Interviewer: Huh? 464: Well some of 'em calls 'em niggers and some calls 'em darkies and s- {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # I just says I was a nigger. {NW} Interviewer: How how do you feel about these different words? 464: Well I don't know, I don't feel well to tell you I don't feel bad none of them words they call me cause I know what I is. How I tries to be. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And so whatever they call me it don't hurt me. Interviewer: What's 464: Cause I know how I'm trying to lives. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: don't hurt me, I know what I is. I try to treat people like I want to be treated and everybody know how they want to be treated Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: so it don't hurt me no way they call me cause I know what I am. Interviewer: Are there any words that that make you mad if someone would 464: Uh- Interviewer: #1 call # 464: #2 uh. # Interviewer: or or not you but but other colored people or what what words are there that that are supposed to be insulting? 464: {NW} {NW} Well some of 'em it makes 'em mad for 'em to say negro but it don't me. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} no {NW} don't make me mad for ems to call me a negro or colored or black or whatever they want to, it don't hurt me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Sure don't. Mm-mm. {X} I say the Lord know and I know it so that's enough I think. Interviewer: What would you call somebody in my race? {NW} 464: I'd call 'em white folks. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 what um # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what insulting words are there for whites? 464: Crackers I reckon. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 And # hoosiers. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Crackers and hoosiers I reckon. Interviewer: What does hoosier mean? 464: It means white folks, I've hearing folks call white folks hoosiers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 any other words like # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that? 464: {NW} No not as I can remember now, I've hearing 'em call 'em crackers and hoosiers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And {X} hillbillies. I've hearing 'em call 'em that too. Interviewer: Does that mean just any white person? Or 464: Mm-hmm. I reckon that's what they mean, I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 I just # hear them say that now I never did ask them what they meant about it. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What about um # 464: {NW} Interviewer: white people that aren't very well off? You know that well they they don't have any money, they don't but they don't care you know? They don't 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 work # and 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 what # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: would you call them? 464: Well I've hearing folks call 'em poor hoosiers, I don't know Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} lordy. Interviewer: What about um someone who lives way out in the country and who doesn't come into town much and when he does get into town, everybody notices him? 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Cause he # he really looks like he's from way out in 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 the country. # 464: They call 'em old hillbillies. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And what would you call a a child that um one parent is black and the other parent's white? 464: Well I don't know what I'd call 'em mixed-blood is all I know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 What do you call a # Interviewer: a real light-skinned negro? 464: Well oh well we always called 'em a yellow nigger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: A yellow nigger, that's what we called 'em {NW} {NW} lordy. Interviewer: What about bright you said the woman in here the other day was bright. You mean does that mean the same as yellow? 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about real a real dark-skinned 464: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 person? # 464: it's it's a black nigger all I know. {NW} Interviewer: #1 The word # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you use the word nigger. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Is that # 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 that doesn't insult you? # 464: #1 It don't # Interviewer: #2 Well it's # 464: it don't me but it do some of 'em now, {X} they'd call colored folks a dark colored person. But some of 'em call 'em black niggers and all such as that but Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I don't know. I don't know what to call them, I just say it's a dark person all I know Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 464: #2 # Interviewer: And um say if someone was waiting for you to get ready and they ask um if you'd be ready soon you might say well I'll be with you in 464: A few minutes. Interviewer: Or in ju- 464: Just a little while. Interviewer: Okay. And um uh this say if um if I say well I'm not gonna do such-and-such a thing and and you agree with me you say well I'm not gonna do that 464: Either. Interviewer: Okay. And um this part of my head is called my 464: Forehead. Interviewer: Okay. And this is my 464: Hair. Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a 464: Beards. Interviewer: And um this is my 464: Ear. Interviewer: Which one? 464: Your left one. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Your left ear. Interviewer: Okay and this is my 464: Right ear. Interviewer: And this is my 464: Mouth. Interviewer: And this 464: This is your neck Interviewer: #1 and this # 464: #2 throat. # Interviewer: huh? 464: Uh that's your neck. And that's your throat under there. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Is there # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: another name for throat? 464: {NW} No no name but what I give 'em, I give 'em goozles them up under there {NW} Interviewer: #1 What is {D: sc-} goozle? # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # That thing right up under there, next to your pallet of your tongue I calls it the goozle. Interviewer: The thing that moves up and down? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 That # 464: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: The Adam's apple thing? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. 464: That's what I call 'em now, I don't know what {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And this is my 464: Teeth. Interviewer: Or just one 464: Mm-hmm. That's one Interviewer: One what? 464: That's one tooth. Interviewer: And several 464: Several of those in there. Interviewer: Several what? 464: Teeth. Interviewer: And these are the 464: Gums. Interviewer: And this is my 464: {NW} hand. Interviewer: And two 464: Two hands. Interviewer: And this is the 464: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: And this is one 464: Fist. Interviewer: Two 464: Fists. Two fists. Interviewer: And um a place where the bones come together 464: Say which? Interviewer: A place where the bones come together. 464: {X} {D: well I} around down in here? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You call that a 464: Your knuckles I do. Interviewer: Or just any place 464: #1 Uh-huh, I # Interviewer: #2 where the bones come # 464: s- well that's I call that your kneecap. Interviewer: Uh-huh 464: {NW} Interviewer: Um say if people get old they complain they're getting stiff in their 464: Joints. Interviewer: Okay. And on a man this part of his body is the 464: His chest. Interviewer: And these are the 464: Shoulders. Interviewer: And this is the 464: Thighs and knees. And legs. Interviewer: And this is one 464: It's foot. Interviewer: Two? 464: Two foots. Interviewer: And um this bone right here 464: {NW} that one right here? Interviewer: This sensitive bone here 464: I call that my shankbone, I don't know Interviewer: #1 {D: Okay} # 464: #2 {D: what it} # is. Interviewer: Um 464: {NW} They hurts enough for me to know what they is Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 what # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what do you call this back part here? 464: That's your thigh, back Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: back thigh I call it. Interviewer: Okay. What if I get down in this position? You say I {C: traffic} 464: Squatting. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expression for that? 464: Uh-uh. Not I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear hunker? 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah I've heard it, hunker. Sure have {X} {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear this called your hunkers or your haunches or 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah I've heard it. {NW} Way on back up there, I call it the pawns. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {C: traffic} {NW} Interviewer: #1 And um # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Say if someone had been sick for a while you'd say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 464: Bad. Interviewer: #1 Anything else # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 you'd say about him? # 464: #2 Uh-huh # yeah he looks I don't know what you could say about him. Interviewer: Do you say peaked or puny? 464: #1 Ah # Interviewer: #2 Or # 464: yeah. Puny. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {X} Interviewer: And someone who's in real good shape you might say he's big and 464: Healthy-looking. Interviewer: Or he's he can lift heavy things you'd 464: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 say he's # big and 464: strong. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words? 464: {NW} No I don't can't think of nothing else right now. Interviewer: What about the word stout? 464: Oh yeah. Yeah stout. Interviewer: What does that mean? 464: Big old healthy stout-looking something. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: Does it just mean he's strong? Or does it mean he's sort of overweight or what? 464: Well now sometime they be overweight and sometime he says strong. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} {D: you know that} my brother what was here a while ago now he's a big old healthy strong-looking something but there ain't nothing to him. He ain't no got no strength to him. Interviewer: He's been pretty sick, hasn't he? 464: Mm-hmm. He been in the hospital a while. They was to put him back in there today but he said that he they told him to come back next week. {X} Interviewer: Someone who's who's real easy to get along with you know is always smiling and everything 464: Mm- Interviewer: #1 If what would # 464: #2 -hmm. # Interviewer: you say about them? 464: I'd say they was kind and lovely. Interviewer: Okay. And what about someone like maybe a a teenage boy who just seems to be all arms and legs? 464: {D: yeah} I don't know {X} I'd say just outgrow his strength I reckon Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 What about # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: who's always just 464: {NW} Interviewer: stumbling over things and dropping things? You'd say that he's 464: I'd say he was just {D: fumblified} that's what I'd say. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. And um a person that just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you'd say that person's just a plain 464: Crazy. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 Fool # I'd call him. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And someone who # has a lot of money but never spends any money you'd say he's a 464: nit I'd call him. Stingy. {NW} Interviewer: He's knit? 464: {NW} that's what I'd call him, a nit. {NW} Interviewer: What do you mean nit? 464: {NW} {X} stingy. If he won't spend got money and won't spend it I call 'em nits, now that's stingy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {D: Yeah} Interviewer: Um and say an old person that still gets around real well and doesn't um show his age, you'd say that he's mighty 464: It's blessed. He's #1 well- # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: blessed. Interviewer: Would you say something like he's spry or 464: Mm-hmm. Yeah he's spry. Sure would. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 I've seen # a lots of 'em old folks, I say well they old but they sure is spry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And a child might say well I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark, I'm {C: traffic} 464: Don't have a light? Interviewer: Or I'm too 464: Not going upstairs in the dark. Interviewer: Because I'm 464: I'm too scared. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And um say um if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 464: Worried about 'em. Interviewer: Or a little 464: Worried about 'em. Interviewer: Or you you say you wouldn't feel easy, you'd say you felt 464: I I I'd always say I feel worried about 'em, sometime I say uneasy about 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: And you say well it's gonna be alright, just don't 464: {NW} {NW} worry about it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And when you say that a person is common what does that mean? 464: Say which? Interviewer: When you say that a person is common 464: Common? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Well I just the one I's call common is just old somebody that don't try to put on airs and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Be more than what they is. {NW} Interviewer: #1 So it's it's # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: good to be called common? 464: Yeah I think it is. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} 464: Common council. Interviewer: Huh? 464: I said they're common council. {NW} Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} my daughter, I said they common council but I call it council be crippling her leg. {C: door creaks} Interviewer: Hi. 464: Hey. {NS} Get you a seat. Aux: You getting the mail? {NS} 464: Ain't nobody brought me none. Aux: Well I don't know who went to the box. 464: Uh I sure don't. Nobody may not be went there {X} no they got them babies over there and {X} been there uh Bernise, it ain't at home Aux: {X} 464: #1 so I be # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: think about them in my mailroom.} 464: Say Bernise? What? Say y'all Aux: #1 {X} # 464: #2 was # Aux: Ms Emmitt's in the mailroom. 464: Oh. Aux: #1 Yeah just come # 464: #2 Well # Aux: over there and pick {X} {NW} He may live. He said he he had to see {D: it is then} 464: George cured him but Aux: #1 {X} # 464: #2 he brought him back # Aux: {D: Ms Emmitt} said she's sent Mr George. 464: Mm-hmm. Aux: He got up there talking {D: his can off} {C: traffic} 464: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # {NW} 464: He sure was glad of it too I know cause had me to open and unload his suitcase. Leave his things here. Aux: #1 Well I didn't let him # 464: #2 {NW} # Aux: stay in that. 464: He said it was {D: Anima's} suitcase Aux: #1 Anima. # 464: #2 said he was gonna # Aux: {X} 464: he was gonna get it back to her but he had me to unload it. Aux: {X} I don't know when he gone down there 464: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} {NS} but I know it ain't 464: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 gonna be nothing but bills. # 464: Okay- so you done got to working I reckon? Aux: Hoo I was doing that to come over. I got to it at nine-thirty. 464: Mm- Aux: #1 And I couldn't # 464: #2 hmm. # Aux: {X} {D: changed those three to the bed} 464: {NW} Aux: My old floor with a damp mop, that was all she wanted. 464: I don't see why she have to have it cleaned every Aux: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 week. # No honey, ain't nobody there but Aux: #1 {X} # 464: #2 her. # Aux: #1 {X} # 464: #2 And she don't # be there only at night Aux: {X} They don't, she don't have no circle? {D: Church Circle} talking the other night. 464: Oh. Aux: Yeah I mean. I wanna ask you something. I said what is it? She said you satisfied working here? I said if I wouldn't have been I wouldn't be working 464: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 464: Oh lordy. Aux: {D: Do you want me to get the paper?} 464: Huh? Interviewer: She says {NS} Aux: do you want me to bring you the paper? {X} {NS} 464: Okay. Interviewer: #1 Someone # 464: #2 It's a # {D: door one} I expect. Interviewer: Huh? 464: I told her she's bringing me some mail {D: to this here door} and I expect {C: speech outside} If I don't get something done for my eyes they gonna be done. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Someone um who leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes outside and doesn't even lock the door you'd say he's mighty what with his money? 464: Careless I'd call it. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And someone who's real sure of himself and you can't argue with him, he won't change his mind once he's got his mind made up. 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 You'd say that # he's mighty 464: {NW} {C: knock on door} Come on in! {C: knock on door} Come on in! {NS} Study about that. Aux: Good Interviewer: #1 Hey. # Aux: #2 morning. # 464: Lay 'em in there {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Would say he's stubborn or {D: sod} or 464: #1 Uh- # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 464: #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 hard-headed? # 464: I'd say he was stubborn and hard-headed. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um someone that {NS} 464: Excuse me just a minute. Uh- you ain't been the mailbox is you? Aux: {NW} No I'm {X} want me to check? 464: Yeah. If you don't mind it. {NS} Interviewer: Someone that you can't joke with without him losing his temper. You'd say he's mighty {NS} 464: Mean I'd say, and ill. Interviewer: Or someone that {NS} maybe if there's one subject that you can't talk about in front of him is 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 He # Interviewer: you say um well don't tease him about that, he's 464: Uh-huh. Too y- I'd say too easy to make mad. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You say he's # 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: tuches} or # 464: uh- Interviewer: #1 {D: retful or} # 464: #2 huh. # Uh-huh. Sure I say just I'd say he was just mean as a devil, that's what I'd say {NW} Interviewer: #1 You say well # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I was just kidding him, I didn't know he'd get so 464: Mad and Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 uh up- # set and uh Interviewer: And someone who's who's about to lose their temper you might tell 'em now just keep 464: Quiet. Interviewer: Or keep 464: Your temper down. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {D: a while} # Interviewer: And um you say well there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy but sometimes she acts kind of 464: Funny and {X} {NS} queer, something or Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 another. # Upset or something. {NW} Interviewer: What do you mean she acts kind of queer? 464: Uh-huh. Well you {X} know if you can't get along with her {D: why} Aux: {X} 464: That's what I'd say, she'd act queer. Aux: Uh-huh. Say if you'd been working very hard, you'd say that you were very 464: Tired. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say? 464: {NW} I'd say tired and wore-out. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And say if someone had been well and all of a sudden you hear they've got a disease you might ask well when was it that they 464: {X} {D: had it} I'd say it was a stroke or something like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 You say d- # 464: #2 a heart # attack one. Interviewer: Well he was looking fine yesterday. When was 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 it that he # Interviewer: got sick? {NW} When was it that he 464: Taken sick. Interviewer: Okay. And say someone went outside in in bad weather and came in with sneezing and everything y- you'd say that he 464: Taken a cold. Interviewer: Okay. And if he couldn't talk right you'd say that he was 464: Hoarse I call it. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} and if you go like that you'd say you have a 464: Cough. Interviewer: And if you can't hear anything at all you say that you're 464: Deaf. Interviewer: And um say if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I 464: Sweated. Interviewer: And a sore that comes to a head. you'd call a 464: Say what? Interviewer: A sore you have that comes to a head. 464: We call it risings. Interviewer: Anything else? 464: {NW} Cap balls and risings what I call 'em. Interviewer: What's a cap ball? 464: {NW} it's a little old something, come up on you and come to a head be a Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 little # white {C: traffic} spot in the middle of it. Be swolled up in a little white spot. Interviewer: What's um what do you call the stuff that drains out when it opens? 464: {NS} Uh I call it corruptions, I don't know what what it Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 is. # 464: {NW} Interviewer: What about um when you open a blister? 464: Well I- just a clear blister? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I say water runs out of it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And um you say a bee stung me and my hand 464: Swolled up. Interviewer: And you say it's still pretty badly 464: Swole. Interviewer: And you say if a bee stings you your hand will 464: Swell up. Interviewer: And if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get the doctor to look at the 464: A wound. Interviewer: And um if a wound doesn't heal back right you know and it's got to be cut out or burned out 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You'd what do you call that? 464: Operated, I call it operation. Interviewer: Well have you ever heard that called some kind of flesh? 464: Say what? Interviewer: Some kind of flesh? When it 464: {NW} Interviewer: it grows it doesn't grow back right, a wound doesn't. 464: Mm-mm. I I don't know what to call that now. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of proud flesh? Or 464: Yeah. Sure have, proud flesh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Sure have heard of that now. Interviewer: And um say if you had a little cut on your finger what might you put on it to brown medicine that stings? 464: Uh {NS} brown medicine that stings? I alwa- always put alcohol on mine when I had a cut place like that. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Well # what about that that brown medicine that stings a lot? {C: traffic} 464: I can't remember about that. {NS} Interviewer: Do you call that i- {NS} 464: Iodine? Id- i- something Interviewer: Huh? 464: {D: Is it iodine? Ioder? Or something or another} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NS} Some of them things I can't call plain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. {C: door creaking} {NS} Aux #2: {X} 464: O- Aux #2: #1 They ain't # 464: #2 kay. # Aux #2: #1 at home. # 464: #2 They ain't # at home? Aux #2: Uh-uh. Uh you still got um {D: flashlight?} flashlight? 464: Mm-hmm. Aux #2: Kevin want to borrow it, {X} for the house, I told 464: #1 No # Aux #2: #2 him # 464: you tell him I said Aux #2: #1 I told him. # 464: #2 {X} # you ought to bring it back cause some folks don't brink back nothing Aux #2: I told him. 464: There it is in that Aux #2: #1 {D: don't carry} # 464: #2 {D: pile} # Aux #2: nothing with me cause he just as scared of {D: Calvin as uh} 464: No bes- Aux #2: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {X} # Aux #2: {X} {NS} 464: {NW} Junior. Aux #2: What did you say? 464: Behind that picture sitting up there. On the shelfs. You find it? {C: traffic} Aux #2: {X} 464: {NW} {NS} Aux #2: {D: No that he's about to run her crazy there} 464: #1 He's scared of her too. # Aux: #2 {X} # 464: {NW} Aux #2: Huh. 464: {NW} I asked that boy whether he's scared of her too. He's looking at her like he is. {NS} {NW} Aux #2: You don't have just a I don't what it's scared of. Both of 'em the same color and all 464: {NW} Interviewer: What's that? 464: {NW} She said she didn't know why he was scared of 'em, both of 'em are the same color. {NW} {NW} {C: software sound} That's like Amber our little girl {NS} is there. Boy live up there at Laurel Hill, a man and she can see him coming and she'll start to trembling and the water just running out from her eyes. Interviewer: {NW} 464: I don't know why but that's {X} way I reckon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What um would you call a a real bitter white powder that people used to take for medicine? It's real bitter. 464: Powders? Interviewer: Well just what what's the most bitter medicine that people used to take? 464: Let me see. I don't know. {D: Black troth?} Interviewer: {D: No it's} it's this um 464: Is it white? Or Interviewer: It's white. 464: {X} Interviewer: But sometimes people'd put it in capsules and take it for a cold. Or 464: #1 Oh uh # Interviewer: #2 fever? # 464: {NW} I don't Interviewer: Do you know 464: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 qui- # 464: quinine. Interviewer: Is that 464: I've taken I- uh-huh, I've taken quinine, it's real bitter. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And um say if someone had died you might say well he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died 464: With. Interviewer: And um what do you call a place where people are buried? {C: traffic} 464: Cemetery. Interviewer: Okay, any other name for that? 464: Graveyard. Interviewer: What about what they put the body in? 464: Box. Interviewer: Or the 464: Oh, where they put 'em in before they carry 'em to the cemetery? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} A funeral home. Interviewer: And what what about the box sort of thing that they put 'em in? 464: I call 'em caskets. Interviewer: Okay. What did people used to call 'em? 464: Coffins. Interviewer: Did you ever hear pinto? 464: Pinto? Interviewer: Call 'em pinto? 464: Not as I know of, if I did I done forgot it. Interviewer: Yeah. What you say um he was an important man when he died and everybody went to his 464: Funeral. Interviewer: And when people are dressed in black you say that they're in 464: Mourning I call it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um say on an average sort of day if if someone asked you how you were feeling what would you tell 'em? 464: I- say which now? Interviewer: O- on an average sort of day if someone asked you how you were feeling 464: Well I'd tell 'em I didn't feel good. If I weren't feeling good and if I did I'd say I feel alright. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um when you're getting old and your joints start giving you troubles you say you've got 464: Arthritis {D: l-} they say Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Any other 464: I say old age. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And um 464: {NW} Interviewer: a this is something that people used to die from, it was a {C: traffic} you get a real bad sore throat. 464: Mm-hmm. Tonsils. Interviewer: No it's it was worse than that. Children would choke up from it. 464: Oh cold? Interviewer: It was dipth- 464: Dip- diphtheria or diphtheria or whatever you call it #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What about a # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: disease where your skin and your eyeballs turn yellow? 464: The yellow {D: jaundice} Interviewer: Okay. And um when you have a pain down here and you have to have an operation you say you've got 464: {NW} Cancers. Interviewer: #1 Or you # 464: #2 No # Interviewer: had an attack of a 464: Uh Interviewer: it's your appendix, you say 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 you've had a # 464: Yeah appendix. Yeah I've Interviewer: What do you 464: #1 I can't # Interviewer: #2 call that # disease? {C: traffic} 464: Well {NS} I don't know. I always said you had appendage. appendage or whatever you call it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: That's what I call it {X} {NW} Interviewer: And say if you ate something that didn't agree with you and it came back up you'd say you had to 464: {X} I'd say it was made me sick at the stomach and I vomit. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word besides vomit? 464: {NW} Puke. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 And um # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Say if a if a boy kept on going over to the same girl's house and spent a lot of time with her you'd say that he was 464: Courting. Interviewer: Okay. And he would be called her 464: Boyfriend. Interviewer: and she would be his 464: Girlfriend. Interviewer: but is that what they used to say? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah that's what they used to say. Boyfriend and girlfriend. {NW} Interviewer: #1 And um # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Say if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar, his little brother would say that he had been 464: Hugging a girl. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Or doing what? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Kissing. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 and um # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: say if um when the girl stops letting the boy come over to see him come over to see her you'd say that she 464: Say which? Interviewer: When the girl stops letting the boy come over to see her you'd say that she {NW} {D: well} quit him. Okay. Or you say um he asked her to marry him but she 464: Didn't want to marry. Interviewer: Or she what 464: Say which? Interviewer: Would you ever say she turned him down? Or 464: Turned yeah. Interviewer: gave him the sack? Or 464: #1 Turned him down. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: #1 Didn't # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 464: turned him down and didn't want him I'd Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 say. # Interviewer: You say um well they were engaged and all of a sudden she 464: She just backed out. Interviewer: Okay. And at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called the 464: Say which? Interviewer: At a wedding you know? 464: Uh- Interviewer: There's a boy that stands up with the groom, probably the the groom's best friend or something 464: Uh- Interviewer: you call him the 464: the uh {NS} {NS} I done forgot that now, I know what you're talking about but I can't call it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What about the woman that stands up with the brides? 464: {NS} well I don't know what to call her either. Interviewer: Or do you remember um say a a long time ago if people in in the community'd get married um other people'd ring off ring cowbells or fire off rifles and 464: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 What # 464: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: What was that called? 464: {X} it was um celebrating what I call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Celebrating a couple that married. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: And they'd shoot guns and ring bells and keep up all kind of rackets {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} That's what they used to call it, now I don't know what they call it now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Call it celebrating the people that got married. Interviewer: Okay. And say if there was a party and there had been some trouble at the party you'd say well the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of them, they arrested the 464: Whole bunch. Interviewer: Okay. And um when young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music, you call that a 464: Call it dancing. Interviewer: Okay. 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Do you remember # Interviewer: what would you call a a kind of a dance that you have at home? {NS} 464: Well they used to call them frolics. Interviewer: Okay. 464: That's what they used to call 'em when they had them home parties {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NS} Interviewer: And um say if children get out of school at four o'clock you say at four o'clock school 464: Is out. Interviewer: Okay. Or school does what? School 464: Say which? Interviewer: At four o'clock school 464: #1 Clo- # Interviewer: #2 Does # what? 464: Closes. Interviewer: Okay. And children might ask when does school 464: Close. Interviewer: or after vacation they'd say when does school 464: Start. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up in school that day you'd say he 464: {NW} He was uh I'd say he was uh I know that now too but I just can't think right now. Interviewer: Do you ever hear play 464: Mm-hmm. {X} I can't call it now but I've heard it. That {D: Gussy} boy done last week. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: Kidnapped us {D: all} I'd call it. {NW} Made out like he's going to school when there weren't no school. Interviewer: Yeah. 464: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What do people go to school for? 464: To learn. {D: do the lesson} and education, be educated. Interviewer: Okay. And after high school you go onto 464: To that {NS} to the {NS} and get educated. Interviewer: you'd 464: {D: to the} high school and Interviewer: Then after 464: what they Interviewer: after high school you go to 464: Go to college. Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into the 464: After kindergarten? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: The little ones you talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: They goes into the big school then {X} learning the lessons and things. Interviewer: Well which which grade or class do you go in? 464: I sure couldn't tell you, the first I reckon. Interviewer: #1 The first # 464: #2 They'd # 464: after they come out of kindergarten I reckon they gets in the first grade. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And you say years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at 464: On stools. Interviewer: #1 Or # 464: #2 Sit on # {NS} Interviewer: they have a thing 464: little I know what you're talking about but I can't call it. Interviewer: Well it's 464: #1 them # Interviewer: #2 got # 464: little tables where they put the books on. What do you {X} Interviewer: you call it a desk? 464: Desk, mm-hmm. {X} Interviewer: You say 464: {NW} Interviewer: Uh now children sit at 464: The desks. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 Uh- # huh. Interviewer: And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the public 464: Teacher? Interviewer: Or you'd a building where they have books, you'd call that a 464: Uh {NW} I don't know now. Cause I never did get that far in school, I didn't get no further than second grade. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 But # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: well say if you wanted if someone wanted to check out a book in town but there's one building in town where they have a lot of books that they'll lend you. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And they call that the public li- 464: {X} I don't know. {D: No if I don't} know I ain't gonna try to tell it cause I Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 don't know. # {X} {NS} Interviewer: where would you go to mail a package? 464: To the uh office. Interviewer: #1 What # 464: #2 To the # 464: uh Interviewer: the po- 464: {NW} {NW} Ooh-wee. Crazy, this is crazy. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well where where would you go to # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mail a letter? You'd go to the 464: Office. To the mail office. #1 You'd go # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 464: someplace {NS} Interviewer: And you'd stay over night in a strange town at a 464: A hotel? Interviewer: Okay. And you'd see a play or a movie at a Uh I ain't been to them enough to know {X} {NW} I ain't never been to {D: and every} one 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # you'd call that a thea- 464: {NW} Theater. Uh- Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 huh. # 464: {NW} Interviewer: And you have a a doctor and a 464: Nurse? Interviewer: And um you'd catch a train at the 464: Train station. Interviewer: Okay. And um before they had buses in town they used to have these things that they'd run on on rails? 464: On rails. Interviewer: In in this town, do you remember what they were called? 464: {X} {X} I don't nothing before they had the bus stations? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 street # car or electric car or 464: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 car # 464: I have heard, yeah of the trains sure. These run on a train. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 Go on # a train. Interviewer: And you'd tell the bus driver, this next corner is where I want 464: To get off. Interviewer: Okay. And here in Okaloosa County um Crestview is the 464: Is the main state bus station Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 stop. # Interviewer: Well it's where you have the courthouse and everything, you'd say 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 It's the # 464: city {D: lemmage} Interviewer: Okay. And um {C: rooster crowing} if you #1 were a # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: a postmaster you'd be working for the federal 464: Government. Interviewer: And the police in the town are supposed to maintain what? They're supposed to make sure that there's law 464: {D: that there's} there's {X} law. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Mm-hmm. I reckon. Interviewer: Talking about um the order too you'd say they're supposed to make sure that there's law 464: Say which? Interviewer: Say if if the police if um someone thinks the police should get tougher you'd say that he's all for law 464: Uh- this yeah, they'd say he all for law, mean law or something. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Some of 'em you have to get mean to 'em. Interviewer: #1 And um # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} the fight between the North and the South in back in eighteen-sixty-something where they freed the slaves, you call that fight the 464: Say which? Interviewer: W- what was the fight between the North and the South called? 464: I don't know. Interviewer: You know when when they freed the slaves. 464: Uh- #1 huh. # Interviewer: #2 That # was called the 464: I've heard it but I done forgot now, {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: And you'd say um before they had the electric chair murderers were 464: Hung up by they necks, with ropes or chains or something in a tree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 And you say that # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: man went out and what himself? 464: Mm-hmm. Hung hisself. Interviewer: And um these are some some names of some states and some cities um the biggest city in this country is in what state? 464: I don't know. Interviewer: Um and Baltimore is in 464: The biggest city? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: State {C: traffic} I 464: Some states in the South. {NS} I couldn't tell you. Interviewer: Huh? 464: I said I can't think to tell you {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well this is # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: this state is Florida. 464: Uh- Interviewer: #1 What # 464: #2 huh # Interviewer: what tha- what are some of the other states {C: traffic} around Florida? {NS} 464: Well I don't know. {C: mumbles} I can't think of none of them cause {D: fewmax} in Florida. {X} Interviewer: Well Atlanta's in 464: Georgia, ain't it? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 464: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Birmingham is in 464: North Carolina. Interviewer: Okay. And what what else besides North Carolina? What 464: South Carolina. Interviewer: Okay. And um what about the state next to Georgia? {C: traffic} George Wallace is from 464: I can't think of that, I sure can't. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Or Mobile # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: is in 464: In Florida, ain't it? Interviewer: Okay. What about Montgomery? 464: S- {NW} it's in Alabama ain't it? Okay. And um what about Nashville? {C: car honking} {D: Nashville.} It's in Florida. Ne- no let's see Interviewer: It's in Ten- 464: In Tennis- Nashville it's in Tennessee something. Interviewer: Okay. And um Little Rock is the capital of 464: Well of the United States? Interviewer: Or of Arkan- 464: Of Arkansas? Interviewer: Okay. And Jackson is in Miss- 464: Mississippi? Interviewer: And um Baton Rouge is in or New Orleans is in Lou- 464: {D: Louvern?} Interviewer: And um the Lone Star State the or Houston is in {NS} 464: Georgia. Interviewer: Or Te- 464: Texan? Interviewer: Huh? 464: In where? What? Interviewer: Houston or Dallas is in {C: traffic} 464: I don't know. Interviewer: What um what are some of the s- what's a big city in Illinois? 464: {NW} Interviewer: It's Chi- 464: Chicago? Interviewer: Huh? 464: Chicago? Interviewer: Okay. And what are some of the cities in um in Alabama? 464: Say what is some of 'em? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: The towns you talking about? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I don't {D: I don't know, let's see} {D: Lowrose} in Alabama, ain't it? Interviewer: Okay. 464: And uh let's see two or three more places up there knows in Alabama but I can't call 'em now. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: What about in Georgia? 464: In Georgia? I don't know nothing about that either. Interviewer: Or the the biggest places. {NS} 464: {NW} well I can't tell you the biggest places in Georgia {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: Um 464: {NW} Interviewer: Say if two people become members of a church you say they 464: Say which? Interviewer: If two people become members of a #1 church # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you'd say they 464: Got saved. Interviewer: Or they 464: #1 Or converted. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: Huh? {NS} Interviewer: They become members you say they 464: They Interviewer: what #1 the church? # 464: #2 Become members # of the church, baptize uh Interviewer: #1 Or # 464: #2 Christian. # Interviewer: #1 # 464: #2 # Interviewer: Or they 464: Christians. Interviewer: or they what the church? They 464: {NW} Interviewer: Well they they become members you say they what the church? They They j- 464: They join the church. Interviewer: Okay. And you go to church to pray to 464: The Lord. To the Lord and people. Interviewer: Huh? 464: I say you go to pray to the good Lord and people and show 'em what you trying to do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And Jesus is the son of 464: God. Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a 464: The sermons. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the 464: The uh church Interviewer: Or the 464: #1 the choir. # Interviewer: #2 choir # Interviewer: and the 464: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 organist # provide the 464: {NW} {NW} something I don't know. Interviewer: Just the mu- 464: The music? Interviewer: Okay. 464: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: And the the enemy of God is called the {NW} I don't know. 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Well who's # supposed to live own in hell? 464: The Devil. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What what would you tell # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what would you tell children was gonna get 'em if they didn't behave? 464: The Devil. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Any other name for him? # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} let's see no nothing I say the boogeyman sometime {D: when I tell 'em} {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: And what do people um think they see around a graveyard at night to scare 'em? 464: {D: the hell} they call it spirits but I don't know what it is {NW} Interviewer: #1 Or what what do you call those? # 464: #2 {NW} # Haints Interviewer: Okay. {C: traffic} And um {NS} a house that everybody's scared to go in you'd say the house was supposed to be 464: Hainted. Interviewer: And um you might say um well I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd 464: Don't wanna go. Interviewer: I'd what stay here? 464: #1 I'd # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: rather stay here. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Rather stay at home. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} when you a friend of yours says good morning what what do you ask 'em then? 464: When they say good morning? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: {NW} I ask 'em to come in. Interviewer: #1 Or # 464: #2 Have a # seat. Interviewer: You ask 'em about their health, you 464: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 ask 'em # 464: Yeah how they feel and all. Interviewer: Okay. What about when you're introduced to a stranger? 464: Well I always makes myself acquainted with 'em when I meet up with a stranger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Anything you ask 'em? 464: Uh-huh. No. Let me see I can't think now what {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What do you {NS} say to someone on December twenty-fifth? 464: On which? Interviewer: December twenty-fifth? 464: Say what do I say to 'em? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: I don't know. Interviewer: Well what day is December twenty-fifth? 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 It's when # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Santa Claus comes. It's 464: Oh yeah, uh-huh. I told you I'm about half crazy {C: laughing} {NW} {NW} Oh me Interviewer: What do you say to someone then? 464: {NS} It's a Christmas gift. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um what are your any other expression? {NS} 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What does it say # 464: #2 Uh-uh, no. # Interviewer: on your Christmas cards? 464: {NW} {NS} {NW} well I can't think. Interviewer: Or it says what Christmas? It says 464: Huh? Interviewer: We wish you a 464: A happy {NS} Christmas? Interviewer: Or not happy 464: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Christmas # it's 464: Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um 464: You had to bring it to my mind cause I tell you Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {D: gone} {NW} {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And um # Interviewer: You say I have to go downtown to do some 464: Shopping. Interviewer: And say if you bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and he {NS} 464: Put it in his {NS} Interviewer: Or he what it up? He 464: Wrapped it up? Interviewer: And when I got home I 464: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: And if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you had to sell it at a 464: Low price. #1 Underprice. # Interviewer: #2 Or you lost # Huh? 464: I tell I sell it underprice. Interviewer: Or 464: #1 low price # Interviewer: #2 you bought # 464: #1 It's lost # Interviewer: #2 lost # money on it you'd say 464: Sure. Yeah I sure would. {NS} Interviewer: You were selling it at a {NS} 464: Low price under what I Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 paid # for it. {NW} Interviewer: And say if you like something but don't have enough money to buy it you'd say well I like it but it 464: Costs too much more tha- money than I got. Interviewer: Okay. And on the first of the month you say the bill is {NS} 464: Say which? Interviewer: When it's time to pay your bill you say the bill is 464: Time to pay my bills now {D: I say} the bills is here. Interviewer: #1 Or the bill # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: is 464: {NW} Interviewer: If you hadn't paid it and then it it was past the time you were supposed to've paid it you'd say that bill is over- 464: Done past over. Interviewer: Or is over 464: Overtime. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And if you belong to a club you have to pay your {NS} 464: Dues. {NS} Interviewer: And talking about the bill you'd say the bill is 464: Say which? Interviewer: If the if the you had to pay the bill you'd say the bill is {NS} 464: over I ain't I didn't have the money I'd say I didn't have the money to pay Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 it. # {NW} Interviewer: And if you didn't have any money you might go to the bank and try to {NS} 464: Borrow some. Interviewer: And you say in the thirties money was 464: Say which? Interviewer: In the thirties money was {NS} 464: I don't know. Interviewer: You'd say there wasn't much money around you'd say money was 464: Scarce. Interviewer: And um you say he ran down the springboard and he what into the water? 464: Jumped overboard. Interviewer: Or goes headfirst you'd say he 464: Drownded hisself. Interviewer: Or and you say um {NS} say if he got in the water if he couldn't swim you'd say that he got 464: Drownded. Interviewer: And you say I wasn't there so I didn't see him 464: Go overboard. Interviewer: Or I didn't see him 464: Drown. {NS} Interviewer: And um talking about um diving you'd say he ran down the springboard and 464: Div over. Interviewer: And you'd say several children have already 464: Div over in there. {NS} Interviewer: But I was too scared to 464: Try it I is {X} Interviewer: #1 too scared to do what? # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} to dive {NW} Interviewer: And if you dive and then hit the water flat you'd call that a 464: I don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: Well say um 464: {D: just} flat {C: traffic} Interviewer: say children like to 464: Swim? Interviewer: And you say yesterday he 464: Was s- swimming. Interviewer: Or he dived in the water and he what? 464: Went over {NS} Interviewer: Or he what across the lake? He 464: Swimmed across the lake. Interviewer: And you say I have what there before? 464: Swimmed. Interviewer: And um {NS} you'd say that would be a hard {NS} mountain to 464: Try to climb I'd say. Interviewer: And you say but last year my neighbor 464: Climb it. Interviewer: But I have never 464: Tried. Interviewer: I've never what a mountain? 464: S- Climbed a mountain. Interviewer: And um you say you'd throw a ball and ask somebody to {NS} 464: Catch it? Interviewer: And you say I threw the ball and he 464: Caught it. Interviewer: And you say I've been fishing all day but I haven't {NS} 464: Caught nothing. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 And um # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you say she walked up to the altar and she what down? 464: Say which? Interviewer: She walked up to the altar and she what down? 464: Kneel down. Interviewer: Okay. And say if you were tired you might say well I think I'll go over to the couch and 464: Lay down. Interviewer: And you say he was really sick and he couldn't even sit up, he just what in bed all day? He just 464: Laid in the bed all day. Interviewer: And um what does a a baby do before it's able to walk? 464: Crawl. Interviewer: Okay. And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you {NS} 464: Stomped. Interviewer: Okay. And um to get something to come towards you, you'd take hold of it and 464: Pull it {NS} to you. Interviewer: And the other way is 464: You push it from you. {NW} Interviewer: And um say if a if a boy saw a girl at church and wanted to go home with her he would ask may I {NS} 464: Go home with you? Interviewer: Or may I what you home? 464: Say which? Interviewer: May I what you home? 464: Walk you home? Interviewer: Okay, what if he had a car? 464: Ride with you home? Interviewer: Okay. And um talking about something you see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 464: Dreamed. Interviewer: And you say often when I go to sleep I 464: Dreams. Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I have 464: Dreamt. Interviewer: And you say um when I go to sleep I usually will 464: {X} {NW} well I always say my prayers before I go to sleep. And then {NW} I go to sleep I {D: sleeps} mostly dream something if I'm worried about something I'm mostly dream something. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say I I usually will what something? 464: Dream something? Interviewer: Okay. And um um you might tell a child now that stove is very hot so don't 464: Touch it. Interviewer: And um if you needed a hammer you might tell someone go 464: Bring me a hammer? Interviewer: And um you remember um games children would play um where one of 'em'd be it and the other children would hide? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What was that called? 464: Hide-and-seek we used to call it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What would you call # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the tree that you could touch and be safe? 464: Tree you'd touch and be safe? What? I don't know what we'd call it. Interviewer: Well what about in football, the thing that you run toward? 464: Say oh a football. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You 464: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 run toward # the 464: The tree. {D: up} to the house. That was the base I reckon. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: And um you might say well there's no need for you to hurry, if I get there first I'll wait 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 What # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Huh? 464: When they get there with the ball? Interviewer: Or 464: #1 to the # Interviewer: #2 I'll wait # Interviewer: what you? Say if we were planning to meet in town I might say well if I get there first I'll 464: Wait on you. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um if a man's in a very good mood you might say he's in a very good 464: Move Interviewer: #1 or # 464: #2 {X} # Interviewer: in a very good 464: condition I reckon or Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 something # {D: today} Interviewer: And someone who always catches onto a joke you know who's 464: #1 Say # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 464: what? Interviewer: Someone who always catches onto a joke and always sees the funny side in things you'd say he's got a good sense of 464: Joking in him. Interviewer: Or a good 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 sense # of {NS} 464: {D: of uh} {NS} something I can't Interviewer: Would you say humor? Or humor? 464: Humor. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Huh? # 464: #2 {X} # He got a good humor, good sense of humor. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 Something. # Interviewer: And you might say well we've got termites but I'm sure the exterminating company will get 464: Shed of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. And say if you were about to punish a child he might tell you not to punish me, just please {NS} 464: Let me off this time. Interviewer: Or give 464: Forgive me. Interviewer: Give me another 464: Chance. Interviewer: And um {NS} say if a child left his best pencil on the desk and {NS} came back and didn't find it there, he'd say I bet somebody 464: Has taken my pencil. Stole his pencil. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And um say if um if you give someone a bracelet and you want to see how it looks on 'em you say well why don't you 464: Try it on Interviewer: #1 O- # 464: #2 let # me see how it it looks. Interviewer: Or go ahead and 464: #1 put # Interviewer: #2 what it o- # 464: Put it on your arm. Interviewer: Okay. And um you might ask someone um {D: wells} you might say well I'm glad we had an umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it 464: Went to raining. Interviewer: Okay. And you might ask someone, what time does the movie 464: Start. Interviewer: Or what time does the movie be- 464: Begin. Interviewer: And you say it must have already 464: Started. Begin. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Must be already begin. Interviewer: And you say it what ten minutes ago? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah ten minutes ago it {D: be- beginded} Interviewer: And um you'd say you can get through there cause the highway department's got their machines in and the road's all 464: Blocked. Interviewer: or all to- 464: Tore up. Interviewer: And um you might say um ask how long you've been living here and you say well I've been living here ever what I got married? 464: {X} Since I been born, I {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 Okay. # {NW} Interviewer: And you say that wasn't an accident, he meant to do that. You say he did that 464: Purpose. Interviewer: Huh? 464: A purpose. Interviewer: Okay. And um say um if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot of things growing out in your garden you'd go out and 464: In the garden? Interviewer: And what? 464: Gather some of your stuff in the garden? Interviewer: Well what would you gather? 464: Well a green peas Interviewer: #1 or # 464: #2 or # Interviewer: or things 464: Oh you talking about put in the room? In Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {D: the hou-} # 464: Oh I I'd gather flowers and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 different # Interviewer: #2 What # 464: kind of flowers. {NW} Interviewer: What would you 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 put the # flowers in then? 464: I'd put 'em in a vase or jar or something, whatever I could get to put 'em in Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And something that a child plays with, you'd call that a 464: Uh-uh. Lord these children played so many different things 'til I can't Interviewer: #1 What what's just # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: a a general name for something that a 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 child plays with? # 464: Bicycles. Interviewer: Or 464: and {X} uh Interviewer: well 464: little carts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 Little # Interviewer: #2 Well # 464: trains. Interviewer: Well dolls and trains and everything like that, those are just called 464: Uh-huh. Yeah they could plays with dolls and Interviewer: Would you 464: #1 little # Interviewer: #2 call that # 464: trains and Interviewer: a toy? 464: Uh-huh. That's what we call 'em, toys. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other name for that? 464: {NW} Not as I know of. Interviewer: Would you call that a play-pretty? 464: Oh yeah, uh-huh. Yeah we call it play-pretties Interviewer: #1 What what does play-pretty # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: mean? 464: {NW} Just something to play with I reckon. {NW} Okay. {NW} {NW} lordy. Interviewer: And what do you call a a child that's always running and telling on the other children? 464: {X} I call him a tattler. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Would you call a grown-up a # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: tattler? 464: {NW} Yeah if they always telling something I would {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And say if a child has just learned something and you want um to know where he learned that you'd say who what you that? Who 464: Learnt you that? Interviewer: Okay. And um is someone coming? 464: Uh-uh. I was thinking I was just see'd that car pass and I thought it was the woman bringing Bernise home and I just got up to look to see {NS} {NS} Interviewer: You say um I have just what him a letter? I have just 464: Wrote him a letter. Interviewer: And you say yesterday he what me a letter? 464: Mailed me one? Interviewer: Or yesterday he 464: Wrote me a letter? Interviewer: And tomorrow I will 464: Answer it. Interviewer: Or tomorrow I will 464: Write him one. Interviewer: And you say well I wrote him and it was time I was getting a 464: Answer. {NS} Interviewer: And you put the letter in the envelope and then you take out your pen and you {NS} 464: say you put your letter in the envelope? Interviewer: And then you take out your pen and you 464: Back it. Interviewer: Or another name for that? 464: Address it. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 And you say # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: I'm old-fashioned I {NW} talk old flat talk {NW} Interviewer: #1 What do you mean # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: flat 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 talk? # 464: {NW} Old folks talk I reckon {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: {NW} Interviewer: #1 and uh # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you say well I was gonna write him but I didn't know his 464: Address. Interviewer: And um say if you had a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question, you'd better go what somebody else? 464: Somebody else knows I reckon. Interviewer: You better go 464: {NW} Interviewer: find someone else an what them? 464: And find out to them, ask them. Interviewer: And you say so then I went and {C: traffic} 464: Asked them. Interviewer: And you say why you're the second person who's 464: Come asked me that. Interviewer: Okay. And you say those little boys like to 464: Box. Interviewer: Or like to 464: {NW} Interviewer: They get mad and they 464: scratch one another and box 'em too sometime {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Or # 464: #2 {X} # these do {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 or they # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: get mad and they 464: {NW} Fight. Interviewer: And you say every time they met they 464: Fight. Interviewer: Or um yesterday they 464: Fought. Interviewer: And you say ever since they were small they have 464: Fought. Interviewer: And you say she what him with a big knife? 464: Cut him. Interviewer: Or she 464: Stabbed him. Interviewer: And you say um if you were gonna lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you say you'd use pulley blocks and a rope to {NS} 464: Say which? Interviewer: If you had to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up onto a roof you'd say you have to use pulley blocks and a rope to 464: Pull it up. Interviewer: Or to 464: Pull it. Interviewer: Would you ever say hoist it? Or heist it? 464: Heist it, uh-huh. Interviewer: Do you say 464: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 that? # 464: Sometime I'd say heist and sometime I'd say lift and {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 um # Interviewer: talking about um how how tall a room is you'd say this room's about maybe ten 464: Feet. {NS} Interviewer: And um what did you call the best room in the house where you have company? 464: Living room? Interviewer: Any other name for that? 464: Sitting room. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And if a child's just had his third birthday you'd say he's {C: traffic} 464: #1 just # Interviewer: #2 three- # 464: three-year old. Interviewer: Okay. And {NS} and now would you um start counting slowly? 464: Say which? Interviewer: Would you start counting slowly? 464: Who? Me? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Counting? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: {D: Well that's about} one, two, three like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: How far do I go? Far Interviewer: #1 um # 464: #2 as I can # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 just # Interviewer: #1 no # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: just up to fifteen. 464: {NW} One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven Eight. Nine. Ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen. Interviewer: And the number after nineteen is 464: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six? 464: {X} there I can't {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well after twenty- # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: six you have {NS} 464: {NW} {X} Twenty-six? Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine? 464: S- Twenty-eight. Interviewer: Or 464: Twenty- -nine is thirty. Interviewer: Okay. And after thirty-nine {NS} 464: It's it's forty. Interviewer: And after sixty-nine? 464: It's seventy. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine 464: It's eighty. {NS} Interviewer: Or ninety-nine 464: Nine is {NS} Interviewer: #1 one # 464: #2 is uh # one- {NS} hundred. Interviewer: Okay. And then after nine-hundred-and-ninety-nine you have one- 464: Fifty. Interviewer: Or 464: #1 {D: one} # Interviewer: #2 one # Interviewer: one-thou- 464: Say which now? Interviewer: Not it's not a hundred it's one one tho- 464: One thousand. Interviewer: And if someone was really rich you might say he had one 464: Thousand. Interviewer: Or one- what? 464: million. Interviewer: Huh? 464: One million? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} #1 And um # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} if you had a line of people standing standing somewhere well say if you had eleven people the person at the back of the line, he'd be the eleventh person. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: The person at the front of the line he'd be 464: #1 be # Interviewer: #2 the # 464: the first. Interviewer: Okay and behind him? 464: Second. Interviewer: Keep going. 464: Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth and ninth and tenth and Interviewer: #1 okay. # 464: #2 eleventh. # Interviewer: And um {NS} you say sometimes you you feel your good luck comes just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all 464: {NW} all at once Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: I can sure answer that question. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # As Bogans used to say fast-like I can answer that. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And um if you said something two times you'd be saying it 464: Twice. Interviewer: Okay. And would you name the months of the year? 464: {D: Year} Wait I'll have to study on that now. It's as plain as it is. {NW} {NS} You had to start me off on that I reckon {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well what month # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: is this? 464: {NW} it's well I don't know Interviewer: Well the first 464: October ain't it? This what month? I don't know honey. {NW} {X} {D: can't even step with check days} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: the first month of the year is Jan- 464: January. February. And January, February, October, and November. Interviewer: Huh? 464: Wait, January and February Interviewer: Ma- {NS} 464: March. April. {NS} May, June, July, August. {C: traffic} September. October, November, December. Okay. Interviewer: #1 And the # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: days of the week? 464: {NW} days of the week? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {C: traffic} 464: Monday, it's you don't start on Sunday, do you? Interviewer: Well 464: #1 that # Interviewer: #2 Mon- # 464: day, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. And Sunday. Interviewer: And what does sabbath mean? 464: Sabbath? {NW} Let's see Sunday. Interviewer: Okay. And um 464: I know it but I had to think and study. {NW} Interviewer: Say um if you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say to 'em? 464: Good morning. {NS} Interviewer: Okay how long does morning last? 464: Til twelve. Interviewer: And then what? 464: It's in the evening. Interviewer: Okay. Is there another name for evening? 464: Afternoon. Interviewer: Is is that all the same thing? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Say um 464: I reckon now, that's what I heared, I don't know Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um 464: {NW} Interviewer: Say if you were leaving someone about about this time of day, around eleven or o'clock or so would you say anything to 'em if you were leaving 'em? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What would you say? 464: Well I'd tell 'em good morning. I'm leaving. Bye, take care of yourself. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 Be good # until I see you again. Interviewer: Would you ever say good day to 'em if you were 464: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 leaving # 464: yeah, I say good day sometime to 'em. Interviewer: When do you say good day? 464: I say that in the morning part of the day. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 And um # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what about after dark when you're leaving? 464: I say good night. Interviewer: And um if you had to get up and start work before the the sun was shining you'd say we had to start work before 464: {NW} before sun up. Interviewer: And we worked until 464: After sundown. Interviewer: And you'd say this morning I saw the sun 464: r- ma- rose. Interviewer: Huh? 464: and it rose. Interviewer: And you say um we were late this morning, when we got outside the sun had already 464: Rose. Interviewer: And you say um tomorrow the sun will what at 464: #1 ri- # Interviewer: #2 six # Interviewer: Huh? 464: {D: It when?} Interviewer: Tomorrow the sun will 464: In the morning part of the day Interviewer: #1 yeah. # 464: #2 you # Interviewer: talking about? 464: Rise. Interviewer: Okay. And you say um today is um Wednesday 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: so Tuesday was 464: {X} Interviewer: Tuesday {X} day, Tuesday was ye- 464: I don't wanna you got me covered there, I don't know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 464: #2 what to say # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Well you say you have today y- w- when did I last? 464: You? Interviewer: Uh-huh. When was I over here last? 464: Yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. And um you say you have yesterday, today and 464: Mm yesterday was what, Tuesday, wasn't it? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. Interviewer: And so Thursday will be 464: {NW} Interviewer: Thursday's not today, Thursday's 464: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay. And if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday now but a week earlier than last Sunday 464: Uh- Interviewer: #1 you say # 464: #2 huh. # Interviewer: came here when? {NS} 464: {D: on} last Sunday Interviewer: Not last 464: Not Sunday week. Interviewer: Does that 464: #1 just # Interviewer: #2 mean # 464: #1 you say # Interviewer: #2 before # 464: he come {X} the Sunday before last? Interviewer: Okay. What does Sunday week mean? 464: Well it just means a week from I say just a week f- like {X} {NS} Today is Wednesday ain't it? Interviewer: Yeah. 464: Well I next Wednesday I'd say a week from today. That's what I'd call it. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: or it's} # is Sunday week in the future you mean? 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 It's two weeks # 464: #2 Uh-huh. # that's uh-huh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 464: #2 that's what I # Uh-huh. Interviewer: And if you wanted to know the time you'd ask someone 464: What time you got? Interviewer: Huh? 464: I'd ask 'em what time did they have. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And um if it was halfway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say that it was 464: {X} Seven-thirty or eight-thirty or whatever Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 time # it would be. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Or # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: another way of saying that would 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 be # say it was half- 464: {X} halfway the time of day I reckon. Interviewer: Or it's 464: #1 half- # Interviewer: #2 half- # what seven? It's 464: #1 half- # Interviewer: #2 half- # 464: past seven. Interviewer: And if it was fifteen minutes later than that you'd say that it was about it was a quarter 464: quarter until seven. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite a 464: while. Interviewer: And you say nineteen-seventy-two was last year. Nineteen-seventy-three is {C: traffic} 464: This year. Interviewer: Huh? 464: This year. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And if something happened on this day last year you say it happened exactly 464: On the same day as Interviewer: How long ago? 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 On this day # last year it happened exactly a 464: A year. Interviewer: Huh? 464: A year? Interviewer: Okay. Um and say the whole thing, it happened exactly 464: It happened exactly on the same date of the year. Interviewer: Okay and how long ago was it? 464: {NW} a year ago. Interviewer: Okay. And um talking about the weather you say you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 464: Clouds. Interviewer: And on a day when the sun was shining and there weren't any clouds, what kind of day would you say that was? 464: It's a beautiful sunshiny day. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And what about when there are a lot of clouds and it's it's sort of dark and it 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: you'd say it was 464: I'd say I believe it's gonna rain, it look like it's gonna rain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You say it's # Interviewer: you wouldn't say it's a beautiful day, you'd 464: #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 say it's a # 464: a cloudy day I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What if um if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you figured it it might rain or snow or something in a 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 little while # you'd say that the weather was 464: getting bad. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever say it was changing? Or threatening? Or gathering? 464: {D: Uh-} {NS} yeah, I'd say it was getting bad weather. Interviewer: Okay. 464: {NW} Interviewer: And if it had been cloudy and then the clouds pull away you'd say well it 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 looks like it's # finally going to 464: fairing off. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} say if if you go outside and it's you say it's not really cold but it's just 464: Chilly. Interviewer: Okay. And um a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down 464: {NW} say which? Interviewer: A whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down? 464: Well I say it just poured down. Interviewer: #1 {D: but} # 464: #2 raining # {NW} Interviewer: #1 you'd say we had a # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: Big shower, big rain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 464: Plenty of rain I say. Interviewer: Would you ever call that a a downpour? Or a pourdown? Or 464: Uh- Interviewer: #1 um # 464: #2 huh. # Interviewer: Yeah 464: #1 I'd call it # Interviewer: #2 down- # 464: I'd call it pourdown when it come a big rain Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 like that # {NW} Interviewer: What if there's thunder and lightning? 464: {NW} I'd say we had some bad weather, thunder and lightning. {NW} Interviewer: Well you'd 464: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 call that # 464: storming. Interviewer: A what? 464: Storm I'd call it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # 464: Thunderstorm I'd call it. {NW} Interviewer: What about if it's not as heavy as as that if it 464: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 it's not # Interviewer: If it's just a light rain coming down. 464: I call it just a small shower. Interviewer: Okay, what about if it's real fine? 464: I say it's foggy rain. If I call it a foggy rain {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um what about mist or drizzle? 464: Uh-huh. Yeah there's drizzle Interviewer: What's a 464: #1 a drizzle # Interviewer: #2 drizzle? # 464: that's just a slow I call it little slow drizzle, not raining hard Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 and it's # drizzling. Interviewer: Say if you get up in the morning and you can't see across the road you'd say that you had a 464: Fog, I call it fog. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 464: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And you # say um it started to rain and the wind began to 464: Blow. Interviewer: You'd say all night long the wind 464: Blowed. Interviewer: And you'd say it was bad last night but it is what part of the night before? 464: Sure, harder from that before. Interviewer: #1 It had # 464: #2 {D: it was a} # Interviewer: it has 464: rain and Interviewer: The wind 464: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 has # 464: {X} ri- wind rise. Interviewer: What do you mean rise? 464: You know when the wind gets up high and get to blowing hard I call it the wind rising Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 464: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What if it's um if it's getting weaker you say the wind was 464: Calming down. Interviewer: Okay. And um you say the wind has what hard all night? 464: Blowed hard all night. Interviewer: And if the wind's from this direction you say it's 464: From the south I'd say. Interviewer: And um a wind halfway between south and west you'd call a 464: Southwest I'd call it. Interviewer: And between south and east? 464: East. West. Interviewer: But between south and east. 464: Between the south and the east I'd call it southeast. Interviewer: And between east and north? 464: I'd call it east north. Northeast, something. Interviewer: And west and north? 464: West north. Interviewer: You'd say west north? 464: Northwest. Interviewer: Okay. And um if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say that you were having a 464: Dry spell. Interviewer: Any other word for that? 464: Dry weather. Interviewer: Or say if it if it lasted a maybe six weeks or so you'd call that a if it was really a serious dry spell. 464: Sure. It's sure is but I don't know what I'd call it, I'd just call it a dry spell all I know Interviewer: #1 Did you ever call that a # 464: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: a dr- drought or draught? 464: dr- yeah yeah I've called it dried- dried drough- Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if it was so cold last night that the lake 464: Say which? Interviewer: It was so cold last night that the lake did what? {NS} 464: Froze? Interviewer: Okay, what if it didn't freeze solid but just around the 464: #1 just # Interviewer: #2 edges? # 464: around the edges? I'd say it was just a little freeze around the edges where it weren't water weren't {D: deep} much Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say if it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a 464: Frost. Interviewer: Okay, what if it's harder than that? 464: I'd call it a freeze. Interviewer: Okay. And you say it was so cold last night that the pipes 464: Froze. Interviewer: And 464: Busted. Interviewer: And you say um the pipes have already 464: Froze. Interviewer: And have already 464: Busted. Interviewer: And you say if it gets much colder the pipes will if it gets any colder the pipes might 464: Bust. Interviewer: Because the water might 464: Freeze. Interviewer: Okay. And if there was something that um if I was if I was um asking you about something you might say well I think that's right but I'm not 464: Sure. Interviewer: Okay. 464: Uh-huh. Interviewer: probably have somebody how it was around here has he? 472: He's {D: setting how.} {NS} Stream of harps, seems like. {D: Nothing united} the better. Interviewer: Is it usually this hot for this time of year? 472: No not some we have some few days but not like it's been regularly you know. There's been a lot of hot days this year. More than we've ever experienced before. And then other places that's uh much worse than it is here. It's uh they're hot out in Texas {NS} I think. Interviewer: Yeah I was out there last summer, it was pretty hot then. I don't think it was hot as it is this summer though. 472: No it's hotter out there this summer than the then uh we've been hearing from. Interviewer: Where abouts did you say you were born Mr- {B} 472: Uh up at uh S- uh Stockton, Alabama. Interviewer: At Stockton? 472: Yes. Interviewer: That's in what county is that in? 472: In Baldwin County. Interviewer: How far away is that? 472: About ten miles up the river, the Kennesaw River. Interviewer: Which river is that? 472: Kennesaw River. Interviewer: Is that a very what size town is that? Is Stockton a town or a 472: Uh yes, it's become to be one. And not, it wasn't. It's just a few houses along there in Stockton. But there's always been uh industrious mill down at the foot of the hill we call it. And uh {NW} you might be Stockton had built from this mill, the work of this mill. Built Stockton up and started it. And then they began to come in other people and build them some uh uh I mean build houses and and uh farm. Begin to garden and uh it built up mighty fast from then on. Interviewer: Mm. 472: And and the longer it the time come by well uh and the more homes was built. {NW} Interviewer: What kind of industry do they have up there? {NS} 472: Well at this time I don't know just what all's about. And uh but they still have a mill up there. It's called a sawmill now, below where the big mill, the {X} Mill was. Yes sir. Interviewer: It's called a sawmill and there are lot of workers there. There were a lot of people working there. Yes sir. 472: The mill boss, the mister {D: Johnny Mike} {B} uh was when I left there. I used to work there. Interviewer: Oh, is that right? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Worked in a sawmill? 472: Yeah. night watch. Interviewer: I see. 472: That was my job. Interviewer: I see. How long did you do that? 472: Well near three years, I suppose. Somewhere around close to three years. If I remember right. Interviewer: Yes sir. Is he do you know where Miss {B} {X} 472: Mm-hmm yeah. Interviewer: I think she lives up there. 472: Yeah uh I might know her yeah. Oh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: I talked to her in December. {NS} 472: You did? Interviewer: Sure did. 472: Well I'll declare. {X} Interviewer: #1 I did # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the same thing I'm doing here. 472: Yeah? Wow wow Interviewer: She was I think she was born and raised in Stockton. {NW} 472: Let's see, yeah, I believe she was too. Interviewer: Yes sir. I guess uh you have a lot of farming going on up there too? 472: {D: Well there's a good yield} Uh was I guess it's still going. I remember uh right where the doctor used to live they had a nice about two acres of corn and every year they'd planted corn there and they had it checked. You've heard of corn being checked in rows, you know? Interviewer: No sir, what does that mean? 472: That means you have a row this way and a row thisaway across, you know. Interviewer: Cross ways? 472: Yeah, all all over the patch, that whole field all through that grass. a-and it's called uh checked corn for the kept the corn flat. {NS} And you know you can uh flat that corn that way and it will really make good. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Yeah. Us boys when when we used to come to Stockton to trade at the store we lived about four miles above Stockton up there. And we come down there and uh Papa would talk about that little field of corn that he's checked and we never knowed nothing about no corn begin checked and we did learn from that you see that you could plant corn checked. Interviewer: Hmm. 472: And it was real interesting to us boys. We liked that. Interviewer: That's the way to do it? 472: Yeah. He had a great-uncle that had a big store out in the upper edge of Stockton up there right at the forks of the road now at the big Methodist church. And uh I remember back there when we'd stop at that store and trade with them and my daddy's uncle great-uncle do you say it? and they'd weigh the stuff out by pound. {NS} Buy buy meal and anything you'd bought it was by pounds and you buy cloth you they made it by yards. And it was really interesting that the children then and we looked forwards {NS} for to come to town so we'd get some candy or a fruit or something, you know? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: About once a week. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Walked about four miles. Interviewer: Had to walk four miles to town? 472: Uh-huh. But we were just as happy on the road as we could be, you know? With daddy. Us children. {D: and all of us} Interviewer: #1 How many # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: children were there in your family? 472: Well I believe there were at that time there were let's see uh four, I believe. Interviewer: Yes sir. How many boys and girls? 472: Uh let's see, there was uh three boys um three boys and one girl all there was. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah. Four in the family. Interviewer: I see. So you were born in Stockton, how long did you live up there? 472: Well practically all my life until I come to Bay Minette, in other words settle down here. Interviewer: How old were you when you came here? 472: Well I was grown. I let's see I don't know how old I was when I come to Stockton. Mm I just don't remember. Interviewer: You guess you were thirty, forty? 472: Yeah, middle-aged. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Been here ever since? 472: Yeah. Practically ever since. Not {NS} not too {X} I mean been here more than any other place since that since that time. Interviewer: Have you ever lived anywhere else besides Stockton or Bay Minette? 472: Uh no, a while down in Whitehouse Fork, I lived down there about a couple of years. Interviewer: Whitehouse Fork. 472: Yeah that's about s- seven miles below here, I believe. Interviewer: It's seven miles from Bay Minette? 472: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Which direction is that? 472: It's uh south. Interviewer: South. 472: South. Oh yes sir. Interviewer: I see. I see. So you moved down there after you'd been in Bay Minette for a while? 472: Yeah. And then uh I come back to Bay Minette {NW} Interviewer: How do you like it here? 472: I like it just fine although I'd rather be back to Stockton on the river you know? I uh an ol'- an old river coon I reckon, I was raised at the river most of my life. And uh I learned to lo-love the river when I was about ten-years-old. And they {D: began} and this beautiful moss that hangs on the trees at the river? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Seemed like that stopped my heart and mind and I can remember back there when I first ever came to the river and saw that beautiful moss. I mean that was beautiful. And it is still is and That's one of the reasons I love that place so well is on account of it uh God's nature. Seen it. {NS} Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And then I can see the boats and hear the boats and I love that. {NS} Interviewer: What kind of boats are those that go on the river? 472: Well there was mostly little motorboats at the time. But there are larger boats going up and down there now. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: And this is the um let's see, Kennesaw, did you say, River? 472: Kennesaw River. Interviewer: Kennesaw River. 472: {X} lower by Atlanta. Interviewer: I see. That's apparently a good-sized river? 472: Yeah, Kennesaw is a fine river. Yeah. It goes in makes a connection with the Mobile River way above there up at Mount Vernon I believe. It's somewhere right in there. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Did it handle uh shipping and all that kind of thing? 472: Well not too much great shipping. All in all on the Mobile River though uh they do carry lots of {X} It's tied to this river. and they uh {NW} have a lot of tugboats in there. Interviewer: I see. 472: {X} Interviewer: Did you say you were a river coon? 472: Yeah I called one {NW} Interviewer: #1 Was a river coon # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what does that mean? 472: {X} That means uh just uh like a coon you know, coon lotta coons in this river swamp. And um I just call it uh that's an old river coon you know? {NS} And and it's know a lot of old darkies up there, you know. {NW} And they can tell me some great stories about the um nature and about the animals in the swamp. Bear. Especially the deer and they've even sh- {X} {NS} they even showed me a {NS} pine tree real large where those bear on the south side they would scratch on this pine tree and make a big sign and each one come along would uh scratch and get this tar to come out and rub that wool in that tar and {NS} it'd keep the mosquitoes I suppose from biting their heads so bad in that swamp, you know, a lot of mosquitoes. Okay. And so I learned about that and they got a mound right close to this tree {NS} it's uh this big pine tree and it's as high as these oaks that the Indians had built. And it's tremendous. And uh Interviewer: What was it for? 472: Huh? This mound? Oh they uh I guess they built it to get out of high water. Gotta get up on the outta high water's a big thing, yeah a big thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 472: And uh big big trees growing on it now. Timber. Interviewer: I see. 472: And {NS} Mr. MacMillan that owns the little sawmill he he was cutting lumber, cutting timber up there for the sawmill? In the swamp and I went to the office own day and I asked him I said Mr.? MacMillan, I said Mr. Johnny I said do you remember up at the mound? I said there's a big old pine there were there was animals, those bear scratches it and rubs on it. I said what about let's don't let's don't cut that pine with it. Be alright that you miss that tree and don't cut it for lumber? I said that's a great scenery to me. It's a huge tree and uh I like to go there and look where those bear has clawed that pine. And the last time I was there I got on my tiptoes, take my middle finger and I just could touch the uh uh last sign that the big bear had put there. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: And the darky told me huh that th- th- that old darky told me he said now he says I tell you what. He said that's a big pretty big bear to get up that high and scratch on the tree but he says watch that {D: spar} now, he said the next one comes along the male comes along and and uh tries that and if he can't reach where that one did, said he won't stay there. He he'll move on out. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Yeah. And that was what that was all about. Interviewer: Huh. 472: Why Interviewer: #1 I get the idea of # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the other one would be too big for him. 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: Too Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 much # Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 too much # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: #1 {D: man} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: you know. And he wouldn't tackle him. Something like. Interviewer: I haven't heard of that before. 472: Yeah! Interviewer: That's interesting. 472: Yeah. Well that's the the pine I reckon is still there I can carry and show you the sign on it. I looked at them all the uh {D: Mr. Byded} owned the land in there, he was the one I was up there with and he carried me up there to show me all of this. And in later later days I went back up there to spend a week by myself on a big camp house that Mr. MacMillan and him had up there. {NS} And wasn't nobody there and I s- I spent nearly about a week up there, about a week by myself. And I fished, {NS} enjoy life. So one evening I left the camp about nearly sundown, but I don't know where's a good place to catch me some mess of bream. And I went up above there to the uh what they call {D: Biyasman} and I kept catching fish and messing around, that was dark overtook me. Well I only had a little boat. A little old champion motor and a little fourteen-foot flat-barge boat. And I got my boat started back at the house and there was a log stuck out in the lake and I run into that log from a boat Interviewer: Mm. 472: and the boat slipped off of the log and I was sitting there happy because I'd dumped me right in where all those bad ones see. That would've dumped me right in there and I'd to had to got out on the side where the mound was to make it back to the camp. {D: So I could've got to me} {NS} {D: land at the camp} Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: {NS} All right that's that'd frighten me about that you know. Interviewer: I guess so. 472: So uh my little motor that log, slipped off the log and I went on down to the camp, I couldn't see on her just through the opening in the timber. And uh I come on down to the camp and I had to clean my fish and I had a {D: lighter} course all I had light I had and I put it on the {D: war} on the big boat and sat in my boat and while I was a-cleaning my fish I heared some {D: wirecats} come. Those {D: wirecats}, there was a big tree laying over the lake right over over me and those wildcats went up that tree right right up up sat and that frightened me a little bit. I didn't have a gun, I reckon. So {NS} I take my hatchet and get on the boat {NS} like that {NW} and uh they ran down a tree and left. I heared them come and hit the ground running off. And so I finished up. Next day about ten oh clock I was had to be a' looking out in the lake. There come that log with the tide. Coming down, I'd knocked that log loose from a boat Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: {NS} Knocked it loose! Then I'm behind {NS} pushes, you know? and I was so happy when and I enjoyed that. Interviewer: I didn't realize you had bears that size around here. 472: Oh Lord yeah, there's some big bear in that swamp. There used to be. I can carry you down there at uh the Lower Fleet they call it down on Kennesaw. Interviewer: The what? 472: A Lower Pleat. Interviewer: What is that? 472: Well they had the big ships in there you know? Big nest of them big ships. Interviewer: I see. 472: Mm-hmm. Well I can show you right across the river there from that landing. Uh you carry you over there and the bear tracks over there are like cow tracks over in there. {NW} Uh they got trails over there. Interviewer: That many of them? 472: A lot of them. They're not them huge bear though, they're smaller bear. Yeah They're pretty good size. Yeah I can show you the tracks where they come across there. Muddy place. Interviewer: Are they dangerous? 472: Well they would be uh if you used to get out to it where they were they had young ones, you know. Where they have young ones, then they'll fight you. But if not they they get out of your way, they {NS} they're scared you'll gonna do something to it. Interviewer: I see. 472: But they'll get out of your way if uh Interviewer: Are they these brown bears? 472: Yeah. some of them darker then brown though. Some of them's mostly black. Them real big ones. Interviewer: I see. 472: They're mostly black. Interviewer: How old did you say you are now Mr- {B} 472: Well I'll soon be seventy-five. Interviewer: You're seventy-four right now? 472: Yeah, seventy-four. Interviewer: When's your birthday? 472: Nineteenth of September. {NS} Interviewer: That's not too far away. 472: No it ain't. {NS} {D: so you never know that} {X} {NS} {X} {NS} {X} {NS} Interviewer: You say you worked in a sawmill for a while when you're in Stockton? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What what kind of work did you do most of 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 your life? # 472: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 472: I worked in the woods most of my life. In most timber. Interviewer: The lumber business? 472: No. {NW} it was getting tar out of those pines Interviewer: {NW} 472: to uh send off, I mean to sell. To sell. Uh we worked {NW} under people you know. They had the business and we worked for them. But long towards the last I had me a little business of my own. Uh three years of turpentine we call it and I made and sold it myself. It turpentine. Interviewer: So you were in the turpentine business 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 most of your # life? 472: uh part of my life, like yeah. Well most of my life, yeah. {NW} But part of three last years that that I had a little patch of my own. Just leased the timber. Interviewer: I see. {NS} {X} {X} Did you work for Mr- {B} uh or was it somebody else? 472: Uh it was somebody, it was uh fellow by the name {B} He lived up there at Stockton. And then Brown Crosby. Interviewer: I see. 472: We were working under him then. He owned the business. Interviewer: How did you get into that work? 472: M- I was raised to it, my father that's about all he ever did you see in his day. Interviewer: Your father was in the turpentine business? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: How'd you like it? 472: I liked it fine, I didn't think I could ever do nothing else, I didn't why we didn't know nothing else hardly. Just at that time, there was just nothing but woodwork for people outside of the gardens and potato patches. {D: Aside from that} Interviewer: Everybody had a garden? 472: Practically everybody had to have one to live. And then they had uh hogs cows uh milk cow. Way we were we had uh hogs and milk cows. We mostly raised cow though, we didn't fool with hogs too much. Interviewer: Oh, is that right? 472: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What did you do with hogs? 472: Well they'll kind of a thing that's much a outside of a fence as they are on the inside. Interviewer: Oh. 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: They're really something, hogs. And you got to prove to them and then no you can't prove to them all the way That's the way I see it. Something. Interviewer: Just kind of hard to look at them? 472: Uh yeah. And we couldn't do it. Uh but nevertheless we'd take a notion, for uh meat, we'd kill a cow. {X} and dry it smoke it dry {D: we didn't have a way to} keep it but smoke it dry, salt it. Smoke it dry and then pack it in white pine boxes. And then mother would take it out if she wanted to cook some for breakfast. She'd soak it overnight anyway and cook it and they'd be just about ripe when she soaked it overnight to get that salt out of it so we could eat it. Interviewer: Yes sir. {NS} 472: And then we'd go to this river swamp to the river and put us out a line some limb lines and catch us a big old catfish and that was part of our meat. We'd carry that home and cut it up, salt it, and dry it and stack it well. And that's that's s- part of the meat we'd have to eat. Interviewer: Yes sir. {NS} 472: Unless Daddy took his gun and killed a mess of squirrels or something like that. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What kind of squirrels do you have up there? 472: Cat squirrels. In the river swamp {X} most of them. Interviewer: I don't think I've ever seen a cat squirrel, what does it look like? 472: Well I've got them right out there, you'll see now in a few minutes. One of that young been out there. Something going with some of my squirrels though, I don't know. Somebody might love to eat them. {NW} Down to town, maybe not {NS} though. I had a lot of pet ones out there now that I can call up. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Feed them. Take care of them. Those beautiful oaks. Interviewer: The the uh cat squirrels the only type you have around here? 472: That's all we have. Now back out in the woods uh you'll find what you call fox squirrels and you have black fox squirrels, white around the nose and eyes. Then you have a red fox squirrel {NS} all over red. Interviewer: What color is this cat squirrel? 472: Gray. Interviewer: It's gray all over? 472: Gray all over. Interviewer: I see. 472: But I did have a couple of gray squirrels here with red tails. Interviewer: Really? 472: And I wondered about that many a time and I had one here with a gray tail and he was red, the squirrel. Gray squ- the cat squirrel. Interviewer: He's just backwards. 472: #1 Uh yeah! # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: #1 I just # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 472: uh it's it was amazing, you know, to me. And I I hated to see them get destroyed but I reckon cars killed them or something, I don't know. {NS} {C: knocking sound} Gone. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah, I'd like to see one of those. {C: train whistle} 472: Yeah, {NS} they they uh they's something to look at. Interviewer: That's 472: You can't imagine why that that's said that way. But it sure was. {NW} Interviewer: You said you went out and caught a catfish every night and then did you like to do any fi- much fishing yourself? 472: Oh yeah, I used to do that uh part of the time before I went to night watching at the sawmill. I fished a whole lot while I was {C: bird call} tending to Briar Landing, you know. I fished a whole lot around the landing there {C: bird call} {D: catching and selling} That's {C: bird call} that's uh {NS} {C: exterior speech} {X} {NS} watch {C: overlapping exterior speech} watch the land just {NS} Interviewer: What'd you fish for usually? {NS} 472: Catfish. {C: exterior audio} Interviewer: Is there any other kind of fish that people can catch around here? {NS} 472: Yeah there's some all kinds of fish, most in the freshwater. Different names. Uh bream and two or three kinds of bream I believe. The really the best kind I like to catch is them big old bull bream. Interviewer: Bull bream. Yeah, where they uh {NW} if you ain't got your boat anchored, they'll pull it around 472: #1 you know? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 472: That's Interviewer: They're a pretty good-sized fish. 472: You better believe it. Interviewer: Pretty strong. 472: And mean {X} Last year year before last I believe it was, was up there fishing, he came at the uh nice place. And we hung a big one. I don't know what it was. It was big. And they pulled uh the end of the boat around, I said well what in the world is coming up here? And uh he said that's one of them big old bull bream. And I pulled him on up make sure it was Interviewer: Goodness. 472: and it was caught some of them big old bull bream. And but anyway I'm I like to catch any kind of fish. Just to feel him pull on the line, you know? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah. I got me a rod and reel now and I learned how to use that and I really enjoying that line and reel. Interviewer: Those bull bream pretty good eating fish? 472: Yeah. I had one uh yesterday. The ladies had some fish over here and they brought me over one and uh it's all I could eat. one fish, he was so big. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 472: #2 Bream. # Interviewer: Goodness. {NS} 472: Yeah. {X} mess. {X} Interviewer: What about bass or trout or any 472: Yeah. Trout. Bass. A lot of them. A lot of them. {NS} But you know all all kinds of fish is not near as many of them now as they used to be. Interviewer: Huh. 472: They um I don't know if sometimes somebody says they put them they done go in the frying pan. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 You know? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: {NW} #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 472: anyhow there's certain spots you can go and catch more of them. But they're not as plentiful as they used to be. {C: tapping sound} Catfish {D: the faster} you can go out there now, put you out a line and you don't catch so many of them. You just catch one every now and then. Interviewer: Is that right? {NS} 472: Yeah. It is, just think about it. {X} Interviewer: I wonder why. 472: I don't know. I was down on the river here been two years, yeah they're three years ago now, down there in the boat one day and I saw a catfish yes there's gonna be a story now that Interviewer: #1 It's alright # 472: #2 you can hardly # believe. Interviewer: {D: Okay.} 472: I had a trot line out. {C: clears throat} Kept a-losing the hooks, not only the bait but the hooks and uh so it was rough that day, ought not to been out there in the boat but I was. And so I looked over to the right and somebod- some means another and I saw a catfish, yellow cat. He came up out of the water, he stuck his back of his head and uh that big fin on his back come up out of the water and his head was big as a foot tub. Interviewer: Goodness gracious. 472: And uh your- and his uh length of him, I saw the length of him and you couldn't hardly put him in a pick-up truck and he would've stayed in there. Interviewer: Where was this now? On the river? 472: On Kennesaw River. And that just uh I'm just seeing now, coming up out of that water, I mean he just in big big waves, you know and he he just happened to get too close to the top I reckon or he saw me and come up, something, I don't know why. {NW} I'm glad he went the other way. Interviewer: Did he looked like a whale, didn't he? 472: #1 He he sure did but it was a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: fish I know. #1 Real big. # Interviewer: #2 Goodness. # 472: I know a catfish, yeah {D: a cat} Interviewer: I've heard of a very big catfish around dams you know 472: Well there's seventy-five and eighty pound ones been caught on that river. Interviewer: Wow. 472: Yeah. I've caught them thirty and forty pounds Interviewer: Woo. 472: myself. Interviewer: Boy, that's 472: #1 Now that's a big # Interviewer: #2 a big # 472: fish. It is. Really. Uh one day there was a fellow came down there and colored man and his wife I reckon. He said well let's go and catch us some fish, I said okay and I rent him a boat, no charge him a boat, he had a boat. I charged him so much to put the boat over and it went on over across the river and I noticed the motor went bad and it tied up to one of them ships over there. From behind the ship. And the way up in the day they come out from behind that ship and they were just the boat was just going about and I said wonder what they're doing over and they hollered to me and I had a lot of uh company at that that time and I didn't have enough of that little old motor. I said well they's still in the boat. I got to do this and I went ahead then and after a while they hollered again. And I still didn't get to go so they eventually they had caught a big fish on a rod and reel and uh they come they eventually put them in the boat and they come on back paddling over there and said we told you we was gonna get some fish. We took him out and I took the hook out of his mouth and I said how about weighing this fish? Yeah. And I put him on a scale and he just exactly weighed twenty-five pounds. And caught on a rod and reel. Twenty-five pound yellow cat. Interviewer: I bet he had a good fight on his hands. 472: {X} He did! That's what's carrying that boat about out there Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 with him. # Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} But I thought it was safe sitting in the boat you know {X} I didn't. I thought she was gonna paddle over {X} Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And {D: what's the} {X} {NW} Okay. We really had some {X} {NW} We wanted to keep the fish. They're so pretty. No sir said I won't have a lot of pictures made of that fish. {NS} Well that train's gonna knock us out. {X} Seven. It had seven units to it. Interviewer: {X} the train had seven engines? 472: Seven engines going that way. Interviewer: Really? 472: Seven engines. One came by last night going south, had five units I love the railroad but it's a lot of racket yeah. Interviewer: It sure is. 472: Come right in my little window. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Off of my head. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} But I still love the railroad. Interviewer: I used to like it well I still do but especially when I was a lot younger? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Just sit down there at the station and watch the trains go by. 472: Uh-huh. Yeah. Interviewer: It was a lot of fun? 472: Yeah. Watch the wheels roll. I hope though that I never see a wreck here close by because they have so much uh poison on them in them tanks, you know? Stuff they haul in those tanks, some of it's bad. Interviewer: There's been a lot of trains that derail in Alabama lately. 472: Yeah, there have. Been one or two down in Pensacola {X} But I I believe somebody picked them is where I still believe somebody picked them down there is what I hear. Interviewer: I wonder why anybody would wanna do that. 472: Oh {D: darning} boys, you know I was talking to you the other day when you was here about you was lucky to get by by yourself. Interviewer: {D: But} 472: Why it's not th- all that bad around here but it is from Mobile back y'all on backing up Plenty of towns. And uh {NW} so it's pretty rough around close to here about robbing {D: men} Go in there and robbing them. Interviewer: Even in a town as small as Bay Minette? 472: Yeah. Yeah they doing that here. {X} and then having to catch them around. {D: around} Interviewer: {X} Sad. 472: I had my mother's old wash pots, {D: y'all know in that big old?} Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And uh somebody come along and got hit one night. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Sure did. Interviewer: You didn't get it back? 472: No. Didn't get it back. And uh me and the boy went and checked on him, but we didn't, we went to one of them antique places between here and Mobile and across the way. Well we tried to find him {D: but} it was busted down one side maybe they {D: hoped just to get a good pot} they might've throwed it away, mi- Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: But it was busted one side. I just wouldn't have took pretty for it you know because my mother's old wash pot. And she n- I don't know where she got it. How long did she have it? {D: For a time} I reckon. Interviewer: Over where? 472: All of her life probably she had that wash pot. And I I sure hated that. Well I just prayed for proud faith and asked God to forgive whoever got it, you know? Because we it's gonna come against them judgment day if they don't come and repent. I mean ask for forgive that's what I'm trying to say. Interviewer: Well those wash pots uh pretty rare nowadays, aren't they? 472: Yeah, they are. Uh-huh. Um about fifteen to thirty-five dollars apiece last time I heard. Interviewer: {D: What'd it been for} {X} {NS} 472: Uh {NW} just to put all the clothes in, clean clothes in. And then when they'd kill hogs, cook out the fat that hadn't been in {X} {D: I didn't} fix your wash pot, it'll cook out the fat, you can {D: wash them others.} Interviewer: Well that's good. 472: Yeah. {D: Get to log.} Interviewer: Were all those wash pots about the same size or 472: No they're different {D: course} this is a small one my mother had about that uh I got one big one out there now, what they call a big one. But then they still make them bigger than the one I got. I use that one out there {X} I have my washtubs. Washboard and uh {NW} all I do my washing right out there. Stay at home all the time, I never go to no commu- no laundry mat. Iron my own clothes and Interviewer: You always have that? 472: Yeah, at the house well since I moved here where I'm at I {X} but I've started up again. {C: train passing} I've been through {D: the town} now, buy me another iron. {NS} Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Yeah. {NS} Uh called a steam iron? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Smart mens getting smart, ain't they? Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I had to do my laundry for a you know when I was away at school. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I never did enjoy that very much. 472: No. Wa- what bums me, I have to do my cooking and my housework and the yard work and the garden work. How about that? Interviewer: Uh it keeps you busy. 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: #1 {D: Somebody says} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 472: oh you retired? I said that's what they call me Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 but I # said it's I'm just a don't go to work. {NW} Interviewer: Oh me. 472: It's begin to work. Interviewer: #1 {D: You know} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: a lot of people when when they're when they retired complained about being bored you know. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 Well that's what it is you know. # Well I Now I have to say this too I believe them mostly kind may be uh the not got enough laid away you know and the little to handout to get is appreciate that but they ain't got enough to buy and splurge on you know like uh and they have to stay in. Interviewer: Right. 472: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} 472: Well I'll tell you, if I had to stay in my little house or right here somewhere and not never do nothing I'd just feel like I was in jail all the time. And you know according to the Bible that that's wrong! Of course God I don't uh I don't believe God loves a lazy person. What thou hand tries to do do quickly. That's right. And so uh I'm glad that I found out about the Bible way uh when I did. Sorry that I never found out about it before I did you see. In my old age now I know more how to handle myself by God's holy scriptures. And uh when one or two of us can get together and talk it all over, well that's my heart because we can have one or the other you see. The Bible speaks a lot about your fellow man. We can be good to our fellow man and uh if he does us something wrong, we must pray for him you see. And uh ask God to have mercy and spare him what you will until he repents or whatever he does now you see. And if he just keeps on and dies in his sin well uh he he just don't realize or something or don't want to because he's headed for a burning hell. According to the Bible. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And and it grieves my heart to know that someone's there on that road and won't turn. Won't surrender to the Lord. And do the way the Lord wants them to. So it's it's a a real big blessing to me t- that I found out when I did and repented and turned to the Lord where that I can uh treat my fellow man right. You know the love of God's {D: friend spread it about} in the man's heart will because a multitude of sin within. But then you have something to love your fellow man with. You have the pure love which the Bible talks about. And I believe I can take my Bible and show you three degrees of love uh that the Bible speaks about uh and prove it by the Bible. Uh but ` one but one of them that was working at the they might say and the Samaritan story you know, in the Bible? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: You remember uh we may talk this a little bit if you don't mind. Interviewer: Go ahead. 472: Uh the Samaritan story. One man come along you know this man beaten down on the road. Almost to death. and one came along and looked at him on one side the Bible said went on. Well he had a little {X} for him and see what it all about and then went on and another come along on the other side and done the same way. He went on. But the third one came along stopped his beast the Bible said uh at least he got down and and examined him and saw he was in need. He took him on his beast and carried him to a what we call a ho- what we call a hospital now. He carried him to a place of safety. And he didn't have I believe the Bible says but a penny. And he paid him to- give him that and told him says go ahead and take care of him and I'll I'll pay the rest when I come back. You know that's great. Boy it just churns my heart to think about it, how sweet that man was to that poor man was beaten. And uh that's what we must do, that's the kinda way we must treat our fellow man. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: To have advantage I mean to um be on God's side. If we can't do something for our fellow man would then we just poor people, we just we just don't do our duty if we don't help our fellow man. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And and and that's the reason why I said I believe I could take my Bible and prove it to you that what what one one of them men had the love of God in his heart enough that uh he done something about it. Uh let's see uh Interviewer: You said you were a Seventh-Day Adventist? 472: Yeah. Seventh-Day Adventist. Interviewer: But you haven't always? 472: No, uh-uh, I've changed up {NW} several times. Interviewer: {NW} Tell me about that. 472: Oh. Wow. That's a good story. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} {NS} Well the first church I ever gone to was a Latter-Day Saint Latter-Day Saint church. Okay, I was {X} I was baptized to it when I was young. And uh my father and mother and all of us we joined those traveling elders it was at that time. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Traveling elders. We called them Mormons. All right. And then I moved from that to Holiness and since they come about and they uh so much trouble and everything you know there's been separating in the Holiness Movement too. Interviewer: I hadn't heard about that. 472: You hadn't. Well all right I can show you right quick. Uh you're looking to different kind of churches of God and they Holiness Movement in many other way. There's several, all kind, don't know them all. But these the main one of the whole shebang is Free Holiness, see? Free Holiness. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: That means a holy lot And uh if you not got if you're not free in the Lord, that's what Free Holiness is all about. Being free in the Lord as we just talked about the story you know. To help our fellow man. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And if you haven't got the Free Holiness in your heart already well th-there ain't no way for you to do good to your neighbor, you know, fellow man. Now uh so I moved from uh the Holiness Movement. I moved twice {D: then it} Because the ones that baptized me in the Holiness Movement I didn't think I had the right kind of baptism. And I didn't. {D: I was} baptized by the wrong person. I needed to be baptized by one higher in the Lord. So I did find one in the Holiness Movement was higher in the Lord. And I was baptized by him again. All right well that was three baptisms right there. When I was a child I was born {X} {D: Or I} twice {X} That's three. Or I've since I've become to find the Seventh-Day Adventist Movement and uh come into that I saw something in there that I didn't have that I needed. {D: Read about} To make {NW} the whole picture I'd call it come out right. And so after I studied the message I uh found out that I was short of that. Okay. And I wanted to be baptized into this movement. And they said well {NW} you wanna you can be you've done been baptized said you you's {X} but I said yeah but that ain't what I look at. I said I found out this movement do keeping all ten of the commandments all the way and I says that's the onliest place I know in the Bible that God wrote with his fingers and I says I would like to uh I would like to be baptized again. But I still wanna be baptized in the creek. And the brothers talked to him, in the end he said water is water! And he says we have a pool here at the church says we can baptize you right here Brother Richardson, put you under the water. And he says that'd be it. I sa- I said okay. And so I was baptized into the movement of this of the uh Seventh-Day Adventists. And I'll have to tell you this, I mean I'd like to Interviewer: Sure. 472: I haven't been to the building, nary a time, at least twenty years I belonged to the {X} But what I'd hadn't had a blessing of the Lord. And the blessing of the Lord came through study of his word. It's one of the most sweetest lessons that I've ever run into in my life. I uh I just can't hardly wait from one sabbath to the other because it's so great. And you get the Bible come to you put to you. In other words I know the life I'm a-living by the uh teacher that we have. And bringing your scriptures. And that helps me there, especially just read them myself. And uh well there's two or three gathered together in his name, if there ain't many with them Oh He's there. The Bible says that and I believe that. All right now then and and I'm happy that I made this movement. And I do not and don't believe that I'll ever find any other thing higher for me to belong to as far as movement on the church which we might say. I don't believe there's nary another one under the sun that I'll ever find any more greater and any more close by uh the powers of God than this movement. Now don't get me wrong, we still in the flesh and blood and subject to backslide. Amen. That's right. And the word teaches me that God is married to the backslider. Amen. All right. Well if he's married to the backslider then you've still got a chance providing {NS} providing you don't sin against the Holy Ghost. To do that you've sinned today. Amen. Interviewer: So these {C: clears throat} when you made these changes from one church to the other it was just a matter of finding something 472: Better. Better. Well I come in by a vision. Woo Praise the Lord. I came in by a vision. I was I was so thrilled when I was with the Free Holiness Movement that I just wanted everything that God had in storehouse for me. It's a load in my heart is {X} {NS} Will God give me a dream and a reason. And I had the vision and I saw a table full of Bibles square table full of brand new Bibles Holy Bibles laying on this table. And as a vision for me somewhat around three years. Every time I meet you or anybody else and talk about salvation and bring it up there was that table full of Bibles right before my eyes. Black Bibles. Well Well that was really something for me, and I was just longing to know what it was all about, see? Or when I met a brother and up here on the street in Bay Minette and his name happened to be uh uh say {X} Interviewer: Do you remember his name? 472: Uh {B} He was {D: may} He come to me one day I mean we met him on the street I did and he commenced talking salvation to me and asked me something about my soul, one thing or another and there was them Bibles/ And you know what? I says you know what? I said the Lord revealed to me that I need a Bible study and get closer to him. Oh! He says. Lee, he says, if that's what you want said you come up to the house and me and the wife and family will give you a Bible study. I said, you will? He said, yes, I will, Lee. And I said, well when can I come? He says, you come at the weekend. I meant the weekend. I said well I'll be up there this weekend then. Come on Sunday night, I believe it was Sunday. And we had a Bible study uh no we didn't have a Bible study to start with. He had some uh tapes. Played he says, now Lee, he says start with uh Mister {B} said start with he says let me play you these tapes, said we've got our message on these tapes. And he says, {D: now why don't we} play them uh these messages says you gonna you're gonna see then and understand when we take the Bible says you gonna find out this is all true. Well, I said, that's a help. Yeah! He says, it's a he- it'll be a help to you. {D: You best} And so he played them tapes about two or three times, I think {NS} at different times, you know. And we'd take the Bible and go in there, me and him would at the kitchen. His kitchen. And we sat down and have a Bible study. And I just loved that. So {NS} he'd bring right around to the points and uh the Bible would talk to me you know out of the Bible and I began to see something or another that I didn't have uh I saw uh rest day coming up which is the seventh sabbath day or the seventh day of the week. But it was coming in on me and I saw the saw it was that. And he says he said, what you s- I said, I see something, he said, what you see Brother {X} Richardson? Uh I said I see two rest days I said, the Bible says there's another rest day {X} What my parents always read about all the time you know. Well they say {X} they didn't know. Help me Lord, and so uh {NW} And he said what you gonna do about that now? I said well all I see to do Brother Wi- uh u- {B} I said I want devil I says I'm gonna keep both days. And I was just as happy as a lark the old saying is. And I come home that night feeling about an hour ahead in my life. And but I couldn't get away from sermons. I didn't see no way, didn't see he said you're coming on back instead of with Mr. Moore. I said I'll be back boy till you say yeah, I said yeah yes sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I came back and after a while I saw where there wasn't but one precious rest day but man on earth and not for one man but the whole universe On God's green earth! And it's truth. By the Bible and so I'd rather follow the Bible than man. {NW} So that's where I {D: typed on me} where I'm at. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: I've been happy that I did ever since because it's the truth all the way. There's no way around it. I used to hear them say that it was hear 'em s- in the Free Holiness sang a little song about too high to go over, too low to go on. Too big to go around, you must go in at the door. And I found the door, I believe with all my heart. I found a door. The right door. And I went in. And I been in ever since. It's great, can't hardly talk about it. It's one of the best movements I've ever been in in my life. Now we got, don't get me wrong we got people that's neglected. Me I guess for one of them. I'm not near as close as I need to be to Jesus and I never will be I reckon. {NW} I tell you if I get if I can if I can just make it like {D: Phoenix and Heller} drop it to {X} what is it? Uh transform, transfer then I'd be getting real close to Jesus then. Although I can come to be fully preserved both soul and body, not to become to be perfect, let's call it which is heaven is perfect. I'm on my way and that's all I can tell you. I ain't made it there yet. I'm on my way. I'm doing all I know to do. I'm a-trying to do all I know to do, I say it {D: like that} There's nothing I can do within myself. It's all in the Lord you know. Interviewer: What does uh sabbath mean exactly to a Seventh-Day Adventist? 472: Sabbath. It's the seventh day of the {NS} week. Interviewer: Which is? 472: Which is Saturday. Seventh day of the week. Uh according to the Bible Sunday is the first day of the week. I don't know how many of these darn preachers have told me {X} Yeah, yeah, Sunday is the first day of the week but they're not doing nothing about it. Said or I don't think they are. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: In heart they may be, I don't know your heart. I just know the three-bodied group {D: too bad} Woo! Praise the Lord! And that's all I know. But if you're treating your fellow man right and you doing what you know to do good then I can see your fruit without that {X} That's right. Interviewer: Did you always go to church pretty regularly even when you were real young? 472: Uh yeah, my parents had always taught me to go to uh church. They never went much, we never had lived close to there, close to churches all our life yeah it was got a big yard. And more more we got it big enough, more we could see and know things and they'd carry us to mostly to Sunday school and I learned Sunday school and I loved Sunday school {X} Because that's where I gather, {D: that driver's grown} and become to be a Christian. I'd gather more out of Sunday school than I would I'm preaching, I still gather more out of the sabbath school in our church now than I do really the preacher Mostly it's good, mainly good. But I I've still gathered more out of that sabbath school. And I just love Sunday school, I'm gonna teach these other churches, I do I'm {D: the best teacher in} this big church up here especially. Bay Minette? Interviewer: Which was is that? 472: Uh Baptist. Baptist church. Well I call it the big church you know, it's a big it is more members there than anywhere I know of. {D: this way} Interviewer: How many people belong to the Seventh-Day Adventists in town? 472: In town? Interviewer: Yes. 472: Well I would might say just about a handful. Just about twenty. {NS} Uh between twenty and twenty-five, maybe. Interviewer: Do you have your own church building? 472: Yeah. Yes sir. Right up there on Stone Street If you're ever around here on the sabbath about quarter-till-ten, you ought to come up. {D: Settlers} Interviewer: I'd like to. You say you have some sort of preparation time uh you were telling me about last week? On a Friday? 472: Yeah. Preparation Day, that's our according to the Bible that's Preparation Day. Interviewer: Everybody does that. 472: We get ready. For the sundown. Especially I I might work 'til twelve oh clock. And then I I um I wanna knock off then and go make the preparations for them. Come sundown. Because we believe with all our heart sabbath starts on sundown right here. {C: exterior speech} Right in {NS} uh we go then uh doing our choices in the Lord {NS} until {C: exterior audio} {X} I just wanna {NS} Interviewer: Were both of your um parents uh uh Mormon? 472: Mormons, yeah. Interviewer: {D: Okay} That's interesting. Let's se- did you go uh to a a little country school in Stockton or whereabouts did you go to school when you were growing up? 472: Well we called it what it wa- it was a it was a pretty big school. Had three teachers at that time. Oh had three tu- teachers. Two men teachers, one woman teacher. {X} the woman teacher, her name was uh uh Mrs. uh {B} {NW} Interviewer: Yes sir. {NS} 472: That was her name. She sure was a good one. She didn't have but one eye but bless her heart, she could see things going on. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: Kept those old boys straight, you know? Interviewer: #1 She # 472: #2 yeah # Interviewer: didn't have much trouble with you, did she? 472: Well not a {D: great deal} Well I've been kind of a quiet fellow all of my life. But I hadn't ever you know I just hadn't ever repented to the Lord like I needed to. A moral life won't tell you that to how good you try to be within yourself. {C: exterior speech} {X} it holds thick so not to be {X} {NS} And uh you go with a proper heart. You go with a mind to find me a man out there on the street. I don't condemn that man even if he's staggering of whiskey and I won't condemn him. Uh-uh, I love him. And I could make him love him harder. And then I uh {NS} {NS} I do my best to appease anywhere I said he is mine and it won't be long before I have something coming to him that he needs to know about, you see. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: I have the Bible, I have bring bring up some words it'll be he'll be pleased with {X} God's Spirit, that's the way it is. You don't slam nothing in your face that tell you you's going to hell or I didn't know where to do it {X} and if you if you got God's love, you won't do that. I ain't sure {NS} I have heard of them just you're on your way to hell. All it is. But if you're just be calm and wait on the Lord. He'll {X} speak to the man, woman, girl, or boy, whoever you're talking to. Sure will. {NS} Interviewer: How far along were you able to get in school? 472: Third grade. Um just about finished up the third grade. I have enough education that I can read my Bible and some in newspapers and almanacs. And uh if I get all {X} bus to get way off where I couldn't get back, I could {NS} I could write in in a enough good enough in a letter to let you know. Send me some money or come get me. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: I could do that, you see. And I appreciate that. I can write a letter and I appreciate that. Interviewer: Did you have to stop school to help out with your parents work #1 or something like that? # 472: #2 {NW} # We just never did live close enough to school for us to go to. Interviewer: I see. 472: Back way back in the country. Almost all the time. And uh so we moved up at Stockton and we come to Stockton school from over in there and then we all lived there too. We went to one or two more of them schools but never did learn {X} His tire got on the road you see. And then we come to Stockton {D: but we learnt} most {X} Interviewer: I see. 472: By that schedule. Interviewer: You were telling me last week about this senior citizens group you're in? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What is that exactly? Is that uh 472: #1 It's a kind # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: of a club! Interviewer: Do you have a name? 472: Oh yeah? uh it's it's just called Senior Citizen Club and uh it's just a movement of people um and we have donations to us, well since there's a bus And we have a bus to ride on. They furnished our bus to ride on. And it's all free. And uh they pay in so much to stay in the club. Now our expense a month is only fifty cents apiece. Interviewer: That's not bad at all. 472: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I think I could afford that. 472: Yeah. Alright well now I told him to te- to not to tell you this but there ain't nobody hardly but what hands them a dollar once a month. And from that on up {X} {X} Alright? And I heard the leader say this past time that we must watch out, we was getting about twenty-five or thirty dollars ahead and we were gonna take this here money {NW} and we gonna go to the uh to the offering home. Interviewer: To the what? 472: To the offering homes? Uh homes that's in need Interviewer: #1 Right. # 472: #2 you know? # Uh veterans? We go there. And uh trips there. And we take this money overplus and we buy a uh stuff for them. Whatever we think they need. And the ladies are leading by uh some clothes for some of the folks that need if they find it out. And you know they do that. Uh well anyhow we spend this money to the glory of God, we call that the glory of God and it is. To help our fellow man. And the leader spoke to us last time that we needed to do something about that, I thought that was so great. Anyway have twenty-something twenty-three in our club this time. Now that's a bunch of Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: enjoy that? 472: Oh lord, yeah and it's just a clean {X} {NS} that's uh let's see a a Latter-Day Saint church. It is just tremendous, I go up there to meetings. I hadn't been up there though in a good while but I'm going to go back up there hear them talk some too. Interviewer: Have you ever been in in any other kind of club besides this one? 472: No. This is the only club I've ever gone to. It- it's called a club, yeah. {X} a club, only one I ever want to gone to so far. As I know about of course I find out about the Bible too much i- society's not good and of course I've learned Jesus's way and I'd rather not get into too much of society. All I go for this is because I get to travel. And look at God's nature. And see the great waters {D: wriggling} off to the gul -gulf. Interviewer: To where? 472: We go a lots down to the Gulf. We're going down to uh Boat Walton Beach this next trip. Interviewer: Oh really? 472: This coming this coming Tuesday week we'll be on another trip. We'll be going down to Boat Walton Beach, as far as we know. Interviewer: That oughta be fun. 472: It will. Interviewer: Have you been there before? 472: Yeah. One time. I always wanted to go back. To see the sights and {X} You've been down there? Interviewer: Uh it's been a long time. Yeah I've been down there before. You like the beaches and all? 472: Oh yeah. That's {X} The great water. {X} on the waters the Bible says and it will return. 472: Yeah we traveled lots and um but when we hit the old saying is when we hit the ground we uh pull out for some of them museums to see. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. I walk the beach sometime I walk the beach. Interviewer: That's nice. 472: Yeah just man bog up in that sand some of the Interviewer: {NW} 472: folks oh I'm gonna leave my shoes at the bus. Didn't get the sand in 'em you know. {X} oh we just have a ball. {NW} See when I Interviewer: Well have you ever in your lifetime have you ever traveled around very much or have you stayed 472: Never have. Always just round you might say Bay Minette and Stockton. Course I've been out a pretty good piece but I haven't even been to New Orleans yet but I've been uh to Mississippi all up and down Mississippi. Interviewer: Is that the state or the river? 472: It's the river. Interviewer: So you were on a 472: #1 on this # Interviewer: #2 {X} # for work or 472: No we traveled on this bus. Interviewer: Oh I see. 472: We'd take the uh trips over there and uh go to them places that uh {NS} them big eating places {X} and enjoy seeing a lot of people and uh being with 'em {D: and} and the rest {X} Interviewer: {X} How many uh have you ever how many states would you say you've been in? Or which states have you been in besides Alabama? 472: I've never been out of Alabama. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 Well # in Mississippi. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 The State of # Mississippi. That's the only one that I remember. The State of Florida yeah. Interviewer: You've been in Florida? Florida Mississippi and Alabama. That's the only place. I've never traveled {X} Have you ever been to any of the the bigger cities in any of those states? 472: {X} uh no. Uh Montgomery. I've been to Montgomery and around and I've been to uh Pensacola Mobile and I hadn't never been to New Orleans yet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: We had a lot of folks from New Orleans to visit us this weekend. Interviewer: Oh really? 472: This {X} Interviewer: Oh I see. 472: And we just enjoy 'em hear 'em talk about New Orleans. Uh they say it's pretty good sight to go over there sightseeing. Other words we call ourselves sightseeing you know Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: when we leave out. And that's mostly what it is and we get to enjoy seeing different things God has created you know? Down on the beach even we find out that there's uh what they call beach rice down there. Interviewer: #1 Beach # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: rice? 472: Beach rice. Interviewer: I've never heard of that what does that look like? 472: It's a {D: tossle} thing hangs down grows on that sand. A {D: tossle} thing well it's got it's got uh goodies in it. uh for the birds and animals. {X} And uh I got a leaf {X} what the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: And they don't they forbid you to bother this Say I don't know how the people got a hold to this that gave this to me. But they forbid you to strictly against the la Interviewer: Huh. 472: to bother these things. You know. {X} So uh I did have to get hold to this. And um so we see that and we see a lots of things that new to our eyes I have a bean over there to the house about that big around. It looks just like a lima bean. Or it looks like a butter bean. It's growed like it and it grows down there in Florida below Pensacola down Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: on the beach that's where I got it. One of the {X} and I already got a bunch of 'em. Anybody that ever s- anybody that sees it wants it. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And if I had any {X} I could've planted that thing and the raised any out here on the land you better believe I would have. It's a beautiful bean. Interviewer: Huh. 472: Big as a it's big as a fifty-cent piece I reckon. Interviewer: Really? 472: Yeah {X} Interviewer: What kind of what kind of uh beans do you grow around here? 472: Oh we just grow uh bunch of beans {NW} and uh {NS} running beans {NS} well we have a running butter bean we have a running bunch uh butter bean and a bunch of other beans. We have both of them. And we have bunch of beans and running bunch of beans. Interviewer: {D: Right.} 472: Four different kinds {C: background speech} Interviewer: Did you ever just sit on the porch with a great big uh pan of 'em and have to those butter beans? 472: You should have been here in the first third a part of the summer Well we have shelled butter beans on this porch and let me tell you something about this {X} with a bu- butter bean. Not only butter beans but peas and all kind of vegetables you might say and we have some good friends here that owns a market. Uh me produce in other words they peddle vegetables. And these vegetables some of 'em just bruise such as peaches and pears or apples or whatever they have and uh they hate to throw away the good ones parts of 'em away. They'd bring 'em here and dump 'em on this porch. And me and the ladies takes care of 'em and other people would call and they'd come and help us to buy 'em and don't throw anything away that's worth that can be eaten. And so that's the way we had all this porch it's it's it's a wonderful place for that you know. Interviewer: Yeah I like front porches a lot of these newer houses don't have 'em. 472: No that's right. It's sorta like some of the cars you don't step up on the fender you just step {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # You sure don't. {NW} {NW} 472: {NW} That's right. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Woo Modern days with these let's see modern days with Interviewer: What else do people around here grow in their gardens beside beans? 472: They grow corn and uh pumpkins. You should've seen the pumpkins that I raised two years ago I believe it is. I raised two pumpkins and they come down from the um um printing office. New Orleans Times come down and take pictures. {NS} Of me and the pumpkins Interviewer: Had some pretty good ones did you? 472: Well yeah! I raised two special One of 'em weighed fifty-six. Interviewer: Goodness gracious. 472: And the other one weighs I believe sixty something pound. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I mean they was whopping. They was big ones I couldn't pick 'em up. Interviewer: When they get that big are they still good to eat? 472: Oh yeah Yeah you can I I took 'em out there and butchered 'em on that table. Uh-huh. Took me a saw. Sawed 'em open. Interviewer: {NW} Is that what it'd take? 472: Yeah I sawed 'em open and sawed 'em up where the ladies could get 'em. {X} I still got some of the seed down there Interviewer: Oh. 472: {NS} {X} Interviewer: So you grow beans and corn and pumpkins anything else? 472: Yeah. Gourds we grow we have a gourd family there too. {X} We raised some gourds out- outside. Interviewer: That's not exactly the same as squash is it? 472: No. A gourd is something other just for the birds Uh and get a bird mess. {X} and make dippers out of 'em. You can make dippers out of 'em. People used to use 'em for dippers back yonder way back yonder. And I I have one over at the house or two and it sure is useful. Interviewer: Do you ever grow squash? 472: Squash? Yeah We growed 'em this year. Grow squash. Mushmelons. {NS} And uh cucumbers. {NS} {X} {NS} Grow cucumbers. Most anything. Fit's the line it can grow in the garden. I don't know of anything that won't make {X} and the vegetables. Almost everything will make it. Interviewer: Do you grow any other kind of melon besides mushmelon? 472: No. No I don't think we do. Interviewer: You don't have any watermelon? A a water- watermelons and mushmelons yeah. {NS} Watermelons and mushmelons what we grow. {NS} Is the mushmelon the same thing as a cantaloupe? 472: No. They're different. A cantaloupe is I believe it's {D: male stone} {X} Mushmelon. Mostly they taste good. I like them more than mushmelons Interviewer: {NS} What about tomatoes you grow those? {NS} 472: {X} {NS} {NS} and we don't even have to do that now. The ladies sell them tomatoes they have fruit got to do the other fruit. And they bring here and let us can 'em or make juice out of 'em. Interviewer: You ever seen any type of tomato growing around here the {X} 472: Tommy toes. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. Yeah we we can grow them too. {X} You know I think a tommy toe tomato is made from uh a big tomato. I think it's more or less the like you pulled it seed out yonder and it grows in the trash? Comes up if it don't make a tommy toe that year. If that seed stays there the third year you got a tommy toe to bush. A tommy toe tomato bush now I believe that's the way the tommy toes gets here Interviewer: I see. 472: Uh-huh. Interviewer: I see. {NS} 472: And that's that's where the tommy toes tomato comes from. And you know I learned uh there's two different kinds of them tommy toes. Some of 'em's a little bitty round one and some of 'em's a little long one like a pear shape. Interviewer: Oh. 472: Yeah Interviewer: I hadn't seen that one. 472: Yeah. That's wh- {X} They good too. Yeah. I've saw 'em like that. Pear-shaped. {NS} Interviewer: Do people grow these little red hard hot tasting vegetables uh 472: Peppers Interviewer: Peppers 472: Woo {NW) Yeah Yeah Interviewer: You like to eat those? 472: No. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Um I d- I take 'em out put 'em in vinegar I mean the long pods I got some in vinegar. And use the vinegar. My beans these collards and uh {X} Interviewer: I see. 472: {X} Interviewer: What about a radish? Do they grow around here? 472: Yeah radishes. I can't think all of them vegetables we can grow. {X} Turnips and mustard {NW} {NW} Collards. {NS} That's the main thing. Turnips mustards and collards in the green line Interviewer: All those are different? 472: And I raised some spinach this year. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: I raised some spinach. See what it's all about you know? {NS} {X} Interviewer: What about uh okra? 472: Yeah. Made okra. {X} We got a beautiful row out there now. Interviewer: Of what? 472: Beautiful row of okra out there now. Interviewer: Oh I see. {X} have any luck with uh leafy vegetables? 472: Yeah we do. We have nice {X} leafy vegetables. Interviewer: What are you able to grow? 472: Well we we grow mustard and collards, and turnips, {NS} and lettuce. And uh spinach. And you know carrots go in the root part with 'em Interviewer: What 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 about # 472: rutabagas. Interviewer: Right. Any cabbage? 472: Ca- yeah cabbage. I can't think of all that. Cabbage. Interviewer: Well you y'all just grow a lotta stuff don't you? 472: Yeah we grow a lot. Now I reckon you might like for me to set a seal on my part of that growing. I'm an organic man. Interviewer: Oh. 472: Yeah. Organic. Interviewer: What does that mean exactly? 472: It means there's no poison damage No commercial. Interviewer: You don't use fertilizer? 472: Not too much. And uh {NS} {NW} and organic means {NS} away from all {X} {NS} {X} {NS} A barnyard it was just a barnyard. Sheep. {X} {NS} chickens also. {NS} {D: there} {NS} And I been lucky to do that up 'til this year. I didn't have much stuff this year about getting barn uh {NS} {X} But I used cotton seed {X} it leaves more and a little barnyard I had this year but not much. Just a little. I'd rather have more if I can get it Interviewer: Yes sir. Well if you u- you don't spray or anything like that? 472: Very little if any. I use uh oak ashes. Or dogwood ashes. Or to keep the pests off. {NS} Interviewer: Those ashes will keep 'em away? 472: Yeah. You know lye and oak ashes. You can't put much on {X} Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Uh early in the morning when the dew's on and you put this on there to keep the bugs away. And you put just have to learn how to put just a small amount and watch the vegetables when it grows. I just {NS} put {NS} my vegetables out early so the won't bugs won't pester 'em. My early vegetables. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And that helps too you know. Interviewer: Right. I see. Well where abouts uh was your father born? Was he born up in that same area? 472: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah and uh in old Quincy they call it. Interviewer: Quincy? 472: Yeah. Quincy. Interviewer: Is that a little community? 472: Yeah. Yeah it's a community. Interviewer: Is that close to Stockton? 472: Yeah. Just a little piece out from Stockton, not that far. {NS} Close to Quincy. Interviewer: Just a few miles away I guess? 472: Right. Interviewer: Was uh were you born in Quincy or Stockton? 472: I was born in Stockton. In an old field right up there just to the right of the highway above Stockton. Nineteen three. Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 472: Nineteen three. Interviewer: I see. What about your mother where was she from? 472: She was born in Conecuh County. {X} right up uh beside girl she come to Borden She she she uh {NS} didn't live and die here she lived and and died in a hospital. {X} up in uh now let's see {X} I don't know what county. Monroe I reckon. She died in a hospital up there. {NS} And um but she was born in Conecuh County but she come to this county after she was born. Interviewer: I see. 472: {X} Interviewer: Was your mother a housewife? 472: {X} and my mother was a nurse uh {NS} Interviewer: She was a what? {NS} 472: A nurse.{D: Granny}nurse. {NS} Interviewer: Oh is that right? 472: Yeah. She was a granny nurse. Interviewer: What does that mean? 472: That means uh take the babies instead of a doctor. That old {X} And had uh have a granny woman to do these things. And that's what she did. And her stepmother was a granny wife too. Stepmother. Interviewer: Is a granny woman the same thing as a midwife? 472: Well that's what I'm trying to say. Uh-huh. Yeah. Midwife. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Midwife yeah. I didn't understand I had forgotten that term. Yeah. Interviewer: Do you do you still find people like that now a days? Do they still have midwives? 472: You don't hear of 'em no more. Unless it's a case of emergency something you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: That they have to do then. I don't fi- I reckon a doctor wouldn't allow 'em now. {NS} They've got everything else {X} {NS} Interviewer: Right. 472: They come to the doctor. {NS} Now I we'll have to go back down to get on the foundation {X} {NS} according to the Bible. We'll ask about Jesus' days. Jesus at twelve years old he was found {NS} talking to the doctors and the lawyers. Watching things. Ever since that Jesus turned the table of mo- moneychangers over and done away with all of this stuff worldly {NS} {NW} ever since then I noticed the doctors and the lawyers uh working on people more than any other people around because they're praying down to the point where that you don't go to no other place but them for protection or for um advice. See? And they've gotta charge if they do this {NW} and it's got to where it seems to me like it's tremendous. Too much. Or bless they're hearts. So that's where all this come from and and in talking to the doctors and the lawyer Well back there are these midwives and grannies uh sorta will drop backs see about the engines. Back in they tribes you know when they was to have a baby the women? They'd go get behind a big log or something and have the child. And I don't know how they handled the other situation. Used to handle it themselves. Maybe they had midwives I don't know. But anyhow pretty quick she'd put the little baby in a papoose they'd call it. Put it on the back and took off. {X} No doctors to tell you what to do. But back there they was to help the people. They were very much help. Seems as they'd might've been in your category {NS} seen like you have.` {X} {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Amen. Amen. Most no uh stain or uh at least it wasn't too much of stain of sin. {NS} {X} {NS} And the bodies were very much more help than they ought to be. And so they can do these things they had to do these things. But nevertheless it's come on down to the doctors and lawyers now. Reason why I mentioned that story. And uh it's got got us all pinned up. {NS} And we don't have much more freedom to ourselves and we don't have we always seem like we gotta go and {NS} see a doctor then too you know? {NS} Try to do something for ourselves. {NS} They's some of us me for one {NS} that's got little petty things I can use. Little chemicals and things that I can use. {NS} And uh {NS} mostly it might have a bad skin or something on my hand I can use just pure waters I can get hold to 'em. And wash it real good. And sometime I use a band-aid. Hardly ever unless it's a very bad cut. I let it get well itself. And a few seconds after this skin has happened after the wound has happened to the flesh however whatever it might be I learned if w- wash it out and put it back as quick as possible uh it'll start to heal. In a few seconds it'll start to heal. And if something or other happens you stack a m- something or other and tear this loose you can see the strands of meat that's already healed back. {NS} So if we nurse this and keep it 'til it gets really healed uh it'll just grow right up Interviewer: Did people used to use different kinds of roots or something for homemade medicine? 472: Yeah they used uh herbs from the woods. Uh-huh. Yeah my father had some herbs that he used from the woods. Even for cramping {X} it was called uh buck root. And it was really good. And then he had a remedy him and mother that they used for gravel. Used for gravel. You know that one's for gravel? It was old wild wild grass that grows tall as he- um horse mane or horse tail. Grows up old wild grass and you can dig that up and boil it. Make a tea and drink it for the gravel and just it's a short time your gravel's gone You can pass your water right on then. What it is it works on the power stone well I reckon. It just {X} {NS} Then they have a little blue weed that came up that they use for uh uh fevers Interviewer: {X} {NS} 472: Sick stomach {X} Make a key outta that. It's a little blue flower that grows and s- and they have one they call yellow root. that you can go down beside these high {D: bluff} branches at the creeks. And you find it growing on the in the woods. You gather this yellow root and bind it in little balls and bring it home. And you can have a sore mouth your mouth gets sore take a little piece of that yellow root put it in your mouth and chew it and while all that's {D: pittle} in that soil in the soil. {X} and it'll cure it. {D: Yeah} {X} And you can use it for a key but I don't know what they use that for a {X} but I don't remember. Key. {NS} But {NS} the yellow root's good for sore mouth. {NS} Interviewer: Is sassafras good for anything? 472: Sassafras {X} well there's two kinds there ain't but one kind that you can use to make tea out. Drink. It's just a beverage that you can use in your in your home. At your mealtimes and at your {X} mighty fine {X} sassafras tea. It grows in old fields and stuff. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Places like that. And there's a white kind and a brown a red kind. One kind of it you use and the other kind you don't use. {X} {NW} Interviewer: Is there something like that called mullein or 472: Well I was coming up with a mullein before you said about that but I forgot about it. Interviewer: {X} 472: Yeah there's a mullein. We growing mullein here now I saw some mullein out there yesterday. Uh we grow you can take this mullein and make a poultice to go on wounds. And I don't remember what else that they could use the mullein for but I think they made a tea out of it too. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: But I know they used it for poultice on the wounds. And then back in the Bible time they used fig tree leaves for poultices {NS} Is that right? Interviewer: Yeah. They make poultices out of back then Jesus did. He made poultices {X} Oh I see. You know that's interesting. I don't guess that's done much anymore now 472: No. It's all passed by. {X} Interviewer: Did your parents get to go to school very much themselves? 472: N- um no Uh-uh. They didn't get to go to school very much. It's all now. They could both read and write. They could both {X} read and write. Interviewer: Maybe about same as what you have 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 472: Maybe. I think. my momma went to the fifth grade I ain't sure. Interviewer: Did you know your grandparents? 472: Yeah Grandpa Richardson. Yeah. Yeah I knowed old Grandaddy Richardson. By old man he he was a little tardy every now and then though. I remember that. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: {NW} Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Make you feel a little better? 472: Oh! {NW} Yeah I reckon it would. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} {NW} So uh Interviewer: What kind of business was he in? 472: He was in the uh wood business in the in the woods. He worked in the {X} most of his life too. But he had a pretty good farm. {NS} Grandaddy Richardson did. {NS} He raised stock and he raised uh a lot of hogs. And he also he had a dug well at his home. I remember he had a dug well at his home and he used water out of his dug well. Draw it by buckets. {X} {X} Interviewer: Used what? 472: Water. Yo- you pull the water out the well. He had a dug well. Four-cornered dug well. Interviewer: And he put it in when did you say he put it in? 472: he he draw it out with a uh wooden buckets. Interviewer: Alright. 472: kegs Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: Whereabouts was he born? 472: He was. let's see I don't know I don't know where grandaddy was born. Must have been in Baldwin County {X} had to believe. Far as I know. {X} Interviewer: Baldwin County? How about his wife did you know your grandmother? 472: Yeah. Grandma Richardson. She was she was um uh she was a {B} before she married grandaddy. Sh- {B} {NS} Interviewer: Was she from Baldwin County too? 472: Yeah. Yeah. She was raised down there {X} akin to old Quincy. Interviewer: Quincy. 472: Grand old Quincy. Interviewer: I guess well how many brothers and sisters did your father have? 472: I let's see eight I believe. Interviewer: Pretty big family. 472: Yeah really. Sure was. Interviewer: I guess she was a housewife with all those children. 472: Right? Grandma was. She raised a good thing. Interviewer: Well did you know your other grandparents? 472: Well grandpa {B} Now he traveled {X} my grandaddy did. In uh- in a ox wagon {NW} {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: God's way 472: He went a way down in uh {X} Florida way down in there with that ox wagon. Interviewer: What what did he go down there for? 472: Just went down there and {X} I mean stayed for a long time I don't know how long he stayed there. But he soon come back. Come back. He had a big family too. He had about eight or nine younger brothers {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: {X} Interviewer: Had big families back then didn't they? 472: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Do you know where he was born? 472: It was up in Conecuh I believe. Interviewer: Conecuh {X} 472: Conecuh County {NW} Interviewer: What did he do for his living? He mostly worked uh uh on ditches. Now the ditches I'm talking about is ditches to uh broke logs down. Oh. 472: To a mill pond. Uh he stayed in Pensacola Florida a long time. And they had a ditch coming through there going into a mill dam and he worked on that ditch {X} I think. On that one then Let's see there was one here in Baldwin he worked on a whole lot too. Broke those logs down {NS} to a mill Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: the mill pond for the saw mill to cut 'em. Interviewer: He was in the logging business? 472: The logging business. {X} Yeah. Interviewer: Did you know his wife? Your grandmother? 472: Yeah. She was a student {X} no the first ma- my mother's see this {NS} he married twice and this here last wife he lived with was my mother's stepmother. {NW} Uh but my mother's mother the first her mother was uh {B} Sh- she wa- {B} my mother's cousin or and last her stepmother was {B} Interviewer: Was your grandmother on your mother's side from Conecuh County too you suppose? Born there? 472: Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: You said they had a big family too huh? 472: Yeah. Pretty good size I believe. Uh grandaddy {X} Yeah. Well wait let's see had four children. Interviewer: I guess she was a housewife too? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever hear your grandparents talk about their schooling whether they were able to go very much? 472: No never did tell me. I don't remember about their school. No. I don't remember. Interviewer: Do you know if they could read and write okay or 472: Well I don't kn- yeah! My uh grandmother on uh my momma's side sh- she um she could do good I think. As far as I know now she sh- sh- done good writing Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: had a pretty good education I think. Interviewer: But you're not sure about the other one? 472: No I ain't sure about them. I I couldn't say. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: But true I like to try to have everything as much in the truth as I can. Interviewer: Sure. {NW} 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Where you ever married Mr Richards? 472: {NW} Yeah! {NW} {NW} But a bachelor now. {X} Interviewer: Where was your wife born? 472: Baldwin County. {X} {NS} what they call Hall's Fork between here and Atmore She was born I suppose. As far as I know. That's where I found her at anyway. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Did y'all go to the same church? {NS} {NS} 472: At the time yeah. Interviewer: Was that uh uh Mormon? 472: No. Uh no um sh- they they were Baptists. Interviewer: Oh. She was a Baptist? 472: Yes she was a Baptist. Interviewer: I see. 472: But I been to her church longer. Interviewer: How old was she when she passed away? 472: She didn't passed away. Interviewer: Oh. I'm sorry. 472: No. She still living. Interviewer: Do you have any idea how old she is? 472: I wou- let's see I was I was seven years old now you can you can put it I was seven year she was I was seven years older than she was when we mar- Interviewer: Oh I see does that make her about 472: Twenty-six. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Married at twenty-six. I was I was seven years older {NS} than she was when we married. Let's see now. {X} That takes Interviewer: She's about sixty-seven now? {X} 472: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. {NS} She's Interviewer: How much schooling did she have do you know? 472: She was pretty good. Interviewer: Really? 472: {NW} She had about let's see I suppose about sixth or seventh grade. I I reckon. She can read and write real good I think. Interviewer: What about the house that you grew up in Mr {B} can you tell me a little bit like about what it was like? 472: Had to move about too much. Interviewer: Oh really? 472: {NW} {NS} {NS} I don't remember too much about it you see. {X} let's see but he always moved to places and then stayed four or five six and seven years at one place. {X} {NS} {NW} Other words the first thing I remember really about was that little house in old Quincy. {X} We stayed there s- for a good while. I don't know how many years but we stayed at that one a good while. Just a little old {NS} house built with uh kitchen on the side. {X} s- Interviewer: The kitchen was away from the house? 472: No. It was joined to it. Or built into it. {NS} Kitchen and dining room was all together. It was cook on one end and eat in the other one. Interviewer: {X} What were the what were the other rooms that you had? 472: Well we just had one real big bedroom right there. That's as much as I can remember. {X} I remember them. Momma had a s- we just cleaned her floors with a big scrub mop with shucks in it. A piece of wood board with holes in it put your shucks in and had a handle in it. Put a handle in it. And that's what she cleaned her floors with. Interviewer: With those corn shucks? 472: With the corn shucks just stuff 'em in there and she twisted 'em up in them holes put a lot of 'em in there and it would be solid. {X} the bottom a that basket {X} satchel but {NS} it was really s- {X} would scar them floors I mean just {X} dirt and grease oil She used old uh th stuff she used to clean with was g- uh washing powder. Uh grandma dust. Um Interviewer: Grandma dust. 472: Yeah. Grandma dust that's what they called it. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And uh she threw that on the floor and used sand Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 472: That stuff had to move. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 472: And all you had to have was a muscle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 472: to do that scrubbing. {NS} Interviewer: And she raked her floors and take her corn in a sack. Put under her foot and drag on that floor and dry it. {X} {NS} After she did that {NS} {X} it would smell good. Old powder s- {X} and nice {X} it'd be nice and clean. 472: So the house had you said it was just one big bedroom Interviewer: #1 plus the # 472: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: kitchen and dining rooms? 472: Yeah. That's right. And most of 'em we lived in was like that. Uh we got to where {X} can have a little bit a Christmas. A long time {X} {X} {NS} Uh she liked the man quit building the houses and the porch you see. Will work for it. {NS} They'd always {X} Low key {X} Folks know how to work. {X} So {NW} they'd rent houses rent places for us the man we worked for in the latter days when the {X} you know coming down outgrown. Got to where we could rent places so they would {X} and let us live in the big house have more room And that's the way we growed up. S- {NS} Where we at now. Interviewer: How long have you been in your house over there? 472: This little house on the end trailer combined? Uh six years. they've had it six years I believe. I've got the date down on {X} Interviewer: Has that always been there or did you build it? 472: {NW} Yeah it was there when I come here. Uh you know the man who owned who lived in that little house was retarded fellows from the railroad you see? And they lived there on this man's place he was living at the time Mr Beasley And they first lived right there where I got that little old house on a piece of cement. And it wasn't big enough it was too close and it moved out there in the corner and it's been there ever since. I don't know how long. {X} Yeah Uh but that somber little {C: clears throat} house with a rusty top on it. The other one the other side I lived in it three years. And taking care of my father here in town with my sister and uh until he died and then I was going back to the river. On the river now I got a little I had a little shack up there. And I was going back {NS} little shack on the river bank {NS} but uh these people found out I was a gardener and they asked me would I be con- contented uh without an- would I like to move in this little house. I looked at my wife I said yeah I will. {X} made up my mind I said I will. And so they cleaned it up. Me and 'em together. And I I done moved some of my things back to Stockton. But I came back and uh went up I I after I deciding I was going to live here then I put the other furniture in here and went up there and got the rest of that and brought it back put it in there and I been living there in there ever since. This little house. Interviewer: Do- does that have uh is it how many rooms does it have? 472: Well just one room and uh kitchen and a {NW} s- cook and eat in the same room. And then there's a little old bitty room in the back. {X} {NS} In the back. {NS} {X} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Got plenty of shade over there anyway. 472: {NW} Yeah. Nothing short of the shade. Interviewer: {NW} 472: That's right. Interviewer: That's a mighty big tree. 472: They are hu- {X} awful large I'd like to know the age of 'em myself. I wonder why they had to stoop over like that such a beautiful trees. Interviewer: I don't believe I've ever seen one bent as much as that one right there. 472: Nah Interviewer: It's really bent over. 472: And you know they'll they'll I've seen 'em and they'll basically they'll come clean to the ground. Those limbs will brush the ground. {X} one up yonder on the bank. There's one of the limbs scraping the ground there just about it I'm fixing to cut it off. Trim up so it'll look better. {X} Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: In that house that you grew up in did y'all use a fireplace? 472: Yeah. And a and the fireplace was a stick and dirt chimney. Interviewer: It was a what? 472: Stick and dirt chimney. Interviewer: What is that? 472: It's a chimney and fireplace you were on about. It's a home ba- built by hand you see? {C: addressing another speaker} Is there something we can do for you? {NS} {C: auxiliary speaker} Yeah. Interviewer: So your father built that himself? 472: Yeah. He built the chimney himself. Yeah. {C: sound of vehicle in background} He built the chimney himself. {NS} stick and dirt chimney they call it. He's built several of them chimneys in our buildings they was built for us to {NS} He used to build several chimneys like that. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: He was you know call 'em stick and dirt that's what it is. They dig a hole and put clay in it it's with clay and cut up a lotta pine straw in that hole and make the mud up with water make up the dirt and they uh cut the sticks as long as they want or as wide as they want the chimney {NS} and they start to building 'em they take this mud and ball it up and put it on these sticks. And lay another one on top of that one you know? And lay 'em up like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see. 472: Stick and dirt chimney all the way to the top of the house yeah. We would run them other fires and uh you got to be careful when you build a fire you know not to put much heat down there Burnt your sticks out the chimney'd fall down. Interviewer: Right. That would be bad. {NW} 472: Going well uh anyway Interviewer: {NW} 472: and if you don't mind your red coal you'll put on too much wood at a time. Interviewer: mm-hmm. {NS} 472: And you got to be careful Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Could you tell me how you build a fire in the in a fireplace? 472: Yeah. We take some I call 'em tire spanners were plenty of wood then you know. Go out there and cut you some good splinters and strike a match and stick to this start your pot and lay your wood on it. Now back yonder ago before then they had to use rocks. Flint rocks. {NS} And knock a fire out of the flint rock on the cotton. S- s- s- s- set the cotton a fire. Then they could start {NS} fire from the cotton. {NS} That's the way it used to be back there. But my father always was lucky to have matches. Striking matches we had to be careful not strike too many matches and waste 'em we had to be careful. Took care of them matches. Interviewer: Did you have a a big piece of wood that burned a long time that you put in the back of the fireplace? 472: Yeah. You could have wood like that. And uh keep the fire a long time keep the heat in the fireplace. We used oakwood most at the back. Called 'em back log. Interviewer: Back log. 472: Back log. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Back log. And I've heard my father talk about back yonder in the time that they had to use flint rocks to get fire from there's a lot of ti- timber fell in the woods then. Big logs. And they'd set any one of these logs afire and it would burn for weeks and weeks and weeks and weeks and weeks not even a month to before it burned up. And they'd get they'd go get the fire from that log they'd say get the fire outta that log {X} that's the way they used to do that going without matches. {NS} Interviewer: Was there something inside the fireplace that you put those backlogs on 472: Yeah you could have uh rocks lay 'em on rocks or something to keep 'em off of the ashes you know. Or you might find some old pieces of iron something or another. A brick or something. Put them logs on. And uh we could get a spark started from them then the next day if they're still {X} Interviewer: Did you ever heard a people call those things firedogs or dog irons or 472: Yeah. Yeah you can buy 'em now that they call firedogs. Uh dog irons or something like that. And people makes 'em now for theirself mostly. These ladies got {X} they use a chimney every winter. These ladies do. And they got some at the one of the neighbors made 'em over here at the place uh shop. He had a shop over there and he made them some of them firedogs. He was here long as he lived. {X} {NS} {X} Interviewer: Back then did you have a place right over the fireplace where you could put a 472: Oh called a mantel shelf yeah. Uh yeah. Mantel boards. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Oh yeah. Yeah I remember hearing my uncle tell Aunt Elmer {NW} that was papa's baby brother after he married and had a family uh tell us said he's going there to hunt something he'd laid up on the mantel shelf and there's so much gets laid on a shelf do you know junky. {NS} {X} She says Elmer Says where is the uh plow stock? Eh where's the plow stock. Said I see everything up here but the plow stock. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 472: #2 # Interviewer: Ah 472: {NW} Ah she said crazy. Something like that you know {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # {NW} He meant she didn't {X} Interviewer: #1 Got everything over # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: there except the plow stuff 472: Yeah. {NS} Said I see everything up here but the plow stock. {NS} Interviewer: It must have been pretty cluttered. 472: Rough wasn't it Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 472: #2 # He throwing out {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: {X} Interviewer: That's funny. 472: {NW} Interviewer: Was there an open place right in front of the fireplace maybe uh bricked over or something? 472: No there wasn't no brick over it but they had them uh sticks they run them sticks out in there. And they made a a board that'll hold this clay uh way take they take some kind of metal if they could get it and put under this clay under the clay like they do bricks now you know #1 {D: build all} # Interviewer: #2 Yes sir. # 472: And they'd put that there to hold the lay up and then that'd between the m- metal and wood. To keep the fire from getting so hot in there. And they used to rest of it too. That's the way they done it. Interviewer: Was there an open area right in front of there called uh what was that called? Uh where you could sit in front of the fireplace I guess or 472: Yeah um {X} enjoy the heat from the fire yeah. Yeah you could sit there in front of the fireplace. {X} where there's a big fan that they'll have to keep moving out you know and moving in to keep everybody warm. They can all hug up there at one time. Interviewer: {NW} {X} 472: But in the a lotta times they got to where they built brick chimneys and rock chimneys and uh they could put a big heap fire in that could take care of a big family you know. Because they could uh a lot of 'em standing around the back. And every warm way back out in the room. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 472: Keep the room warm back there. And never build your chimney in the south end of the house. Never. Always if possible build it in the north end of your house. You put it in the south end you see the cold wind'll just pour right in there and it'll dry it right on up and you couldn't get no more. But you put it in the north end of the house {X} um you'd be uh warm to be in there then instead of in the cold. {NS} Just rush your cold out. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. That's the way it was. Interviewer: Was there a place called the hearth or hearth or 472: Yeah they called that a uh well a fireplace hearth. Uh hearth. Whatever they called it. Yeah made out in front yeah. {NW} low down yeah just {X} standing yeah. Uh-huh. You call that a hearth. The hearth. {X} Yeah. {X} Interviewer: Now after you burned a lot of wood in the fireplace didn't you get a lot of this old black stuff stick on the sides of the 472: Smut? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Well most of the smut didn't burn itself out. There'd come a rainy day sprinkle a rainy day and this s- soot would get a little damp and it would catch a fire. What I mean by that uh there's something or other about it that made it catch a fire. And it'd did just go out well maybe after the rain stopped it it would catch a fire. And it'd go clean out the top of the chimney and just clean that chimney 'til the top. Interviewer: Is that right? {NS} 472: Yeah {NS} And you had to be careful about fire poles on the roof you know {X} {NS} wooden roofs {X} boards. Interviewer: #1 Right at # 472: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Yeah. And this uh soot would catch a fire. It's called soots and not smut so and it'll just clean that chimney out. Well also the wooden stoves they use to have put wood into cook on uh sometime that soot'll get a fire and just clean that oven out under it you know the fire made it so the fire come under it. And you say well {NW} and hear it go up this pipe. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Yeah. Blow it out. Interviewer: Wow. 472: And you could use this oil what they call s- kerosene and coal oil and put a little bit in that stove and that'll that'll make it burn it out too. Flush it out. {X} Interviewer: You just go right up the 472: Yeah. Burn that soot outta there clean the pipe out. And uh {NS} the pipes is alright long as you didn't have a elbow. Some people used heaters in the house layer. And put a elbow through there. A pipe through the wall uh out the window or something and they had a elbow they put on this pipe. And that elbow would sure fill up with that ashes and soot. But they learnt the latter later on after that thing they learned to split a split a hole in the bottom of that elbow {NS} and that taken care of the problem. {NS} {X} Firing stuff to just keep going. Wouldn't stop a clog up Yes sir. Cut that hole in there just draw it on the p- pipe there. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Course with all that fresh air right in there {NS} and that first step took all the {X} {NS} It's really interesting. Interviewer: Is that uh talking about the stovepipe is that the same thing as a flue? 472: No. A flue goes on top of the house if it goes out the top you know. They put the flue on top of the house and uh run the pipe up through it. Made a flue. And then there's no danger of the fire catching the wood. This flue holds a pipe a way away from the wood. Call it a flue. Interviewer: Well does that make a flue the same thing as a chimney? 472: Uh no. No. No this is all together different it's it it's uh stove inside you got a flue coming up through the top to protect the fire from the wood. But if you got a heater instead of a fireplace {NW} you had to have this flue around the heater. {X} Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Duct taped to it {X} {NS} Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Well years ago if people had a room in the house where they might have company uh maybe they keep it the best room in the house what would they call that? 472: Well they'd call it a a setting room. Or the best bedroom. Other words it would be the nicest one on the place they'd we always give our guest the best. We love 'em and we try to treat 'em the best we know how and can. At them times. And so uh some people was forced 'em to have two heats {NS} two chimneys or two heaters. And they would but then {C: speech distortion} {X} {NS} But if they didn't then {NS} they'd give him the best and tidiest room they had {NS} and give 'em the best {X} the best they could afford. {NS} And give 'em {X} heavy coat {NS} such as quilts. Comforts. Called comforts. Quilts. Interviewer: Is that comfort the same thing as a quilt? 472: Uh yeah but it's hea- no heavier than a quilt. Comfort's heavier than a quilt. {NS} And uh that'd keep 'em warm. Interviewer: I see. 472: This day and time though we'd give 'em a give 'em electric blanket. Interviewer: Right. 472: {NW} If they need it. Interviewer: That's pretty handy. 472: Yeah. {D: Handy-blandy} you better believe it is. Have one myself. Interviewer: Right. Did women used to get together and patch those quilts? 472: Now these here still does. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Not patch 'em but build 'em. Make 'em. Yes sir they got quilting they do that everywhere. {NS} {X} They can't feel the hours. {NS} {NW} {X} {C: tapping sound} Interviewer: Still in demand? 472: Yeah. Still demand for them quilts. That's yeah. Most of the quilts now are light you know? Now them old comforts too heavy too m- too much to tight you know? They use quilt. Make quilts. {NS} Interviewer: Back then did people have this long piece of furniture that several people could sit on at the same time? 472: Such as benches. Yeah. Yeah my grandfather had a bench on his front porch he had a big front porch like this. {NS} And he had a bench made out of those cypress lumbers from the river swamp and it would sit as much as twelve ten or twelve people grown people get on that bench. {NW} And it was made outta heavy-duty stuff. And it was just tremendous to know see how that they were fixed up to take care of them their friends and the ladies coming. In the summer they'd put 'em out on that bench. Just have a nice time. And then they'd have benches short benches in the house that they sit 'em down. Interviewer: Did they ever have you know like what they have nowadays this long padded one in the living room usually? That several people could sit on? 472: Yeah. Yeah. In these latter days later days yeah they have padded {NS} pad uh seats for 'em. Um covered seats I call 'em. {NS} And makes it much better to sit on {NW} but I don't see too much of that now if it's especially if it's a big porch you're gonna have chairs out like this to sit on {NS} {X} There but {NS} they have got a lot of chairs inside that {X} in winter around the fireplace. Comes in {NW} have an awful lot of company it's a wonder they ain't got somebody drove up to there this morning. Interviewer: {NW} 472: On a Monday morning. Interviewer: Right 472: They had a lotta cars For the uh fine people. They treat everybody right {X} They even can for 'em. {X} Interviewer: Did back then did they have a couch or sofa or something like that? 472: Well they come up with it in the latter days yeah. I see a lot in these old gullies now throwed away. Interviewer: What's that? 472: These couches. Them things that they throwed away they used 'em 'til they're Come up with modern more things. Better ones. That's the way they did 'em they carried 'em to the shop gullets somewhere {NS} If that made 'em quit all that now {X} {NS} Interviewer: Something you said that you had a a place in your house where you kept all your junk? Uh that's that's a bench I got a shelf built back there that I put my quilts and what you have it on you know? Got a little shelf a little shelf back there now that I put all the quilts and things {C: tapping sound} What I can stack on it. It's like everything else it just gets too much junk 'til you can't have you have to move out 472: #1 every now and then. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Did you ever hear of people who has had a whole room in their house where they put all their junk? 472: I've heard of Interviewer: Just set aside a room 472: Yeah I've heard of that. I- I'd like to see that sight. That'd be pretty good to see. Interviewer: Ya reckon what they call that. 472: Well I don't know. I call mine a junk room whenever I get it full like that. Uh antique or in other words uh some people wants to keep everything. {NW} I've even heard of 'em keeping uh cooking soda boxes Arm and Hammer cooking soda boxes. Stack them back and everything they can get a hold to uh uh just enough to throw away. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I call it s- uh selectors selecting stuff you know. I call them selectors. Hell I'm pretty bad about such as that myself. That little old house out there you'd be surprised the stuff I got put in there. I'd uh I it's useful though I think it's useful it will be it's can be and is. Different things. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: I got my fruit in there too. Interviewer: True you never can tell you might as well keep it I guess. 472: I've heard the old saying {NW} {NS} if you got something that you oughta throw away say just keep it seven years and you'll have a use for it. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I've heard that you know? Interviewer: Right. 472: But that's superstitious I reckon. We're getting into that superstitious business and I don't care too much about it {X} superstitious you know. Keep things that long and every- Interviewer: #1 Do you ever # 472: #2 thing # Interviewer: do you ever know people who claim they saw these things around graveyards you know they're afraid of 'em? 472: Oh yeah. Graveyard stories. That's something else boy. Yeah I've heard a that. Mm-hmm. Uh {C: clears throat} Interviewer: What do they call those things you know 472: Ghosts. {NS} Yeah hearing and seeing ghosts and all that. Uh I heared it this old fella one time come along and uh he heared something at uh out in the graveyard and there was telling he wa- {X} there was two men at the gate and uh he heared 'em saying talking about the separating the people he heared about God was gonna separate the peo- {NW} And he was in the cemetery and he heared 'em talking at the gate gonna separate the people and he said me one and you one. Me one and you one. And he didn't know what they were doing. And he he got mighty uneasy thought it was a it's either some God separating the people taking the good and the bad and he got awful upset about {NS} I heard that you know? Uh that that that was one of the stories ghost stories. And he couldn't imagine what it was and he eventually got away I think and run ran away and left him and they were going on something there for a cause but I never did know what they cause was. {X} get. Interviewer: Yes sir. You ever hear people say that those things can get into a house you know and the house'll be 472: Haunted. Yeah. Haunted. Yeah yes sir I've heard a lot of that ghost stories. Yeah I've heard of houses being haunted and uh they would see uh things at night would fog would come around and uh see all kinds of things and hear things wallow about in the house. Haunted you know they believe in that. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: You don't believe in that do you? 472: No I don't believe in all that stuff. No I don't. If I hear something I'll find out what it is if I can't well well done anyway. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I don't run off. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I hadn't so far Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {D: I mean} # {NW} Something could come around give me a fright but I don't think it would. Interviewer: Is uh Satan and the Devil the same thing? 472: Well that's a pretty deep question but I think I can answer you yeah. Interviewer: No difference. 472: No difference I know of. Interviewer: What do people usually call him either s- Satan or the Devil? 472: Yeah they call him Satan. {NW} Uh all kinds of old names or most Call him old uh Red Eyes and old S- Devil with Horns and I don't know what all they call it. {NW} I hear the lady not far from here some sweet little children at the home and she went in the house she was outside and she got a move on him called 'em little devils when they run out the door. And I I thought about just there and that and you know that just broke my heart that just broke my heart. That wasn't no way to approach a little child you know why so much meanness going on now most children and growing up? Because they wasn't never teaching t- teached at home uh the right thing. They've always been scorned they've always been uh homes like that you know? Come outta homes like that and you can't expect nothing else bu- but crime or now because you never have been taught no better. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And what what a little child's looking for when it's comes becomes to be walking you might say of a little baby it's looking for somebody to tend it take it up with tender love and have mercy with it and raise it like it ought to be and uh some chi- {X} when man and woman's joined together they should be joined together in the Lord. {NW} To where that they'll know by the Bible how to raise a family. And you know it just tears my heart to think about we have scriptures telling us how and what to do about these little children and raise 'em up in the way you'd have 'em to go and then they won't depart from us you see. Well if I ain't got it myself how can I? And this'll run back to the fourth or fifth generation if not come up right. Interviewer: {NW} {C: silence} Interviewer: all boys or 472: No, it wasn't but one boy and two girls. Interviewer: I see. 472: All I ever had. Interviewer: Do they come to see you every now and then? 472: Every now and then yeah they come by. I had the little house full l- last night {NS} for a while. My grandchildren. My sister. And my granddaughter and her four children from Mississippi. We had a ball. Interviewer: {NW} {C: passing traffic} How many grandchildren do you have? 472: Well I suppose I know now about ten. Yeah ten grandchildren. Interviewer: Did they ever do y'all get together at the same time? No. 472: #1 {D: I haven't} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: {X} Interviewer: You would have 472: #1 At least I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: could though and get 'em {D: all in one there} My grandchildren. Interviewer: What did uh what kind of furniture did people have in their bedrooms years ago? 472: Well I thought you was gonna ask me the question how many great-grandchildren. Interviewer: Well well you can tell me that. {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: #1 You have # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: great-grandchildren? 472: Yeah I have around ten of them. Interviewer: Goodness. 472: Really do. I've saw s- six generations. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 472: And I'm hoping that I live to see the seventh. {NS} And I really believe I will. {NS} {NW} {X} how I live six seven generations of course I may be dead. {D: I suppose} but what I know between now and tomorrow. But I thank God I'm here. That I use myself {D: to get on my clothes} Uh yeah they I have about ten great-grandchildren. And I'll mention something else to you I found out about that. The further away from you they keep generation the harder you look. I really love my great-grandchildren. {NS} So much seems like we just know or why {NS} I just have a feeling see my {X} they're my grandchildren you see And what makes it I reckon is the all I can see in the picture as they grow up you see my grandchildren they get away from me more. They growing out of my {X} but and then these others are tender and sweet and lovely and seem like I just love 'em. Not a greater love but I just wanna see 'em more because they're little and tender and sweet. And that's the reason why it is all I can figure out. My grandchildren I still love 'em with all my heart {X} but they growed away from my {D: members like} as my father when he died he growed away from my membrance in the grave in the grave and uh so that's the way it's going. From generation to generation. But I found out and I I love the second generation from my gra- of my grandchildren great-grandchildren. Uh well as much as I do or more than I do uh my great- uh my grandchildren. I love my great-grandchildren more see my {D: before} something I I don't know why. and this is cuz they're little and tender and sweet. Interviewer: Yes sir. Well what about um the furniture that people had in their bedrooms? 472: well I know for myself I had two bed sticks and a cooking stove in the kitchen. Dining table. And I had uh chairs to sit in. And that's about it. Interviewer: Did people ever have something with drawers in it they could put clothes in it? {NS} 472: Yeah furniture yeah there's a bunch of that. {NS} Yeah we had a wardrobe what they call a wardrobe. Dresser. {NW} that we put our clothes in and then a trunk some trunks we had two trunks I think. and uh to put our clothes in. And she put it in two more and I had an old wooden toolbox. {D: Collect tools} Interviewer: Was a wardrobe the same thing as a dresser? 472: Built on the bases but it's it's got a different name. Not a different kind it's a little it'll like but the same thing. But uh there ain't much difference. between a wardrobe and a dresser. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of anything called a chest of drawers? 472: Oh yeah they have but we didn't have that. Didn't have no chest of drawers. I got a chest of drawers now. Interviewer: Got a what? 472: I got a chest of drawers at my little house now but we didn't when we was together. Married. Interviewer: What did people use over the windows to keep out the sunlight? 472: What they call shades. They had to use shade will have 'em up and down. Open the shades. If they didn't have them they made little curtains that you could pull together and open up. Go together {X} Now there were homes that we lived in that had window shutters on hangers You opened the shutter that way the whole window was open you see. And uh we used them and doors most things they opened the door that was the the mosquitoes come in of course through them cracks and things we had to smoke 'em out with rags and uh and we had another {X} that we could use to smoke 'em out. It's pretty strong. Interviewer: What was that? 472: Cow manure. Interviewer: Oh really? {NW} 472: We'd go get it and uh put it in a iron pot or something like that. Started up a fire in it with a burner and uh and just keep a s- uh smoking. It smelled worse than a rat I mean stronger than a rat it smelled like 'em but they's stronger Make a terrible odor. That's where they got the little mosquitoes. {NW} Uh and then we eventually got to where we could buy some spray. Some rub-on stuff. and they didn't come to the spray but {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 But a man- # 472: many a night I've woke up and they they come in certain times of the night a mosquito don't swarm all night. He has certain times he comes to the bed to bite you. Interviewer: Right! 472: Yes sir. And uh uh when he comes in I get up and I get me a old dress or rag some kind I beat 'em outta the house. I beat 'em down you know to keep 'em from eating up my little children I've lost a lotta sleep keeping 'em off my wife and little children to let them sleep. I loved 'em. And uh worked hard too every day. So uh that's the way we had and we had to tote water from a spring and to do our have to drank and cook with. Dish wash and then we carry our s- clothes to the spring wash 'em at the spring you know unless we wanted to tote the water up the hill to Interviewer: {NW} 472: washpot at the house. Interviewer: Do you have any insects around here that are bad to sting you besides mosquitoes? {NS} 472: Yeah we have what they call uh {NS} a gnat. {NS} Uh sandflies. When they come of course they are ain't here they like go around the Gulf. They mostly stay down the lower parts of the Gulf. Call 'em sandflies and they just come through the screen. You have got a problem when you get them sandfly. But, nevertheless uh {C: background speaker} {C: addressing background speaker} Huh? {C: background speaker} Is anybody over there? {NS} {C: background speaker} I don't know. I better go see I bet- then I'll come back. Interviewer: Sure. {NS} 472: #1 It might be # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: a lot in there that I leave out and a lot that I don't that that {NS} um {C: background speaker} uh no it's uh the little boy that them people borrowed the ladder that time you know to paint with down there that used to live down {C: background speaker} {X} No. Uh-uh. The other one. A little brown-eyed boy. And he he used to come here a lot. And his he wanted him some wrenches to fix his bicycle with and uh I let him have 'em he's gonna bring 'em over when he gets through with 'em. Bring 'em over to me. Yeah. Uh I can't call his last name. I think it's his daddy w- grade this road. I think it's his daddy the only Grader {X} {X} Interviewer: Say you'd like to write all this down? 472: {NW} If I could write you know and had the education and uh uh I j- I just love to get a good record about that. As long as my father lived I had a record. Interviewer: Oh really? 472: Darling I had a record. Yes sir. Matt he's brought things up to me and people asked him questions and he could just go back there and just he could really remember things. He had the best memory around that I ever knowed of a fella to have a right to. His size and his education and all of that. How he come through toils and struggles and trials and man he was real he was number one. Tell you what the doctor said about my daddy before he died. He he took a capsule there on his jaw {X} {X} Uh he fell off a bed I think when it was started and hurt his jaw. Okay. And his doctor s- said said you are the soundest man we know of. Say you the soundest man in Bay Minette. There's sounder {X} in Bay Minette. Says you perfect. Excepting me. Says you are perfect. Your body's just as healthy and says you perfect {X} and he was. That's right. He was really healthy. He was skinny like I am he was skinny but he was really healthy. And his members his mind and just his brain is incomparable He could really remember things. {NW} {NW} He was really sweet. Interviewer: Sure is nice to be in good health. 472: Yes it is. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. A person really in health I see enough health to be a going don't realize what it means to be in bed and crippled or disable to go. We are blessed with it Interviewer: A a lot of 472: Yeah Interviewer: people when they get older they have trouble with that pain you know in the joints and all? 472: Yeah. Uh-huh. But I'm pretty limber now I sit here a good while I have little stiff knots. Started to move 'em just now. But I'm just as limber according to my age as I can be Interviewer: You don't have trouble with that uh 472: Uh Interviewer: what's that uh 472: Arthri- Yeah {X} I can sit there on that floor and and you sit down there with me and I'll get up before you do to save your life Interviewer: {NW} 472: {X} Interviewer: You probably could. {NW} {NS} You're that much stronger than 472: {NS} throw my legs back under me. Yeah I c- I'm pretty limber. Do that all well I still move all the time and I ride the bike that's a lotta help to me because I I get a lotta exercise off a that. I did hear somebody say one time there might probably come a day they cut out all the bikes and if they do I just have to cry it out. Interviewer: Hmm. I don't ma- 472: I don't think they'll do that. I hope not no way. Interviewer: I don't see why. 472: I don't either. But they're coming up with a lotta things I sure would hate for that to happen. Interviewer: {X} 472: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: the only way I got to go. Interviewer: They do some places they uh mark off special places in towns you know where the bikes can go. 472: Uh yeah. Uh I had a uh I had two talk to me up there in town about my bike. I had a great way of putting it up on the street to keep it out of the way of the car. Whatever store I stopped at you see. I just rode it up on there. And uh I stopped it up on there one day and there was a lady handling the law up there at that time. Police. And she she hollered at me when I was coming down the street but I just thought somebody peeking at me I couldn't see through the glass to tell what it was and I suppressed nothing I just thought and so uh I says uh to her I says and throw up my hands spoke to her and went kept going I stopped the wheel up on the cement and uh and turned around started back to the drugstore and she met me. {NW} Police. Says did you hear me what I told you? I says well I can hear you but I thought I didn't know who you were I said and I thought you were just a somebody picking at me about the wheel No she says. Says you ain't supposed to ride the wheel up on the street or I said well I wasn't riding it I was just pushing it. And uh said well it ain't supposed to be up there. It's supposed to be down there where the cars are I said well I was just putting it up out of the way of the cars and uh it's on this up there now and I said I'll ask you this. And promise you this. I said if y- how about me leaving a tail light and go in this drugstore and get some medicine and go back? And I said you won't catch it up there no more. She said that's good. Go ahead. Well I {NS} think there's one {X} and then I had a fella to tell me where to park 'em. And now I know how and where to park 'em. If I don't want to park 'em in front of the drugstore or something I go to the corner where there are no cars parked. He said that is really the best place if I can make it there. Or either get behind a big post up on the cement. And put 'em behind there where they won't nothing hit 'em you know? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Says you can't do that. But that's what he told me but anyhow I always try to park in there where where there ain't no cars parked so they won't I don't wanna knock it down hurt it break it no how. Interviewer: Right. 472: I wanna take care of my wheel! Interviewer: Right. 472: That's the way I got to travel. Interviewer: Sure is 472: And if they're cooperating me I sure will them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Far as I can. Interviewer: Right. 472: According to the Bible. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: {X} That's right I really enjoy bicycle. Interviewer: I could uh send you a copy of this tape if you'd like one. 472: Well what would I do with, could play it {X} somebody's got a {X} Interviewer: Get one of these things. 472: {NW} I don't know what that {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: I'm so dumb in speaking and uh don't Interviewer: might be an interesting thing to have. 472: Y- yeah. I'd I'd like to have it. Interviewer: What's your address? 472: Uh {B} Interviewer: We were talking about things around the house uh whereabouts did people hang their clothes? Do you have a place where you could hang 'em? 472: Yeah we used uh nails. Sometime we'd be fortunate enough to have a have a c- what they call a cloak room? And we could uh have different nails or pegs to hang each one's clothes on so we know where it was if we didn't have a place to stack 'em. Where we could stack 'em you know. We could hang 'em on nails such as coats and spreaders and things and we could we'd know where our things was when we wanted to run and get it you know? That way. And w- mother our mother's always tried to keep our clothes separate as much as they could cuz it's really an advantage you know to keep your clothes separated where you can divide 'em! I've learned a lot since I've been living by myself. How to handle these. When you come to my house and about one of the sweetest things you can do for me when you start in is to clean your feet. {NS} {NW} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} {NW} keep that sand out so I'm lazy and I don't wanna sweep too much. Interviewer: Right. 472: And and that's what it is. Perfect you Interviewer: Right. 472: but then the I I like to clean things at my house {X} I love cleaning things. If I had me a little lady that could really you know take care of everything and keep it this place I'd appreciate that. According to the Bible when the wife separated and there's no way for me to have another one as long as she lives. Now that's right now I have me a I tell 'em I have me a door roller Interviewer: A what? 472: A door roller over there. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {D: Cook my dishes} Okay. Yeah. Alright if you need 'em again come back. {C: background speaker} {NS} {X} Interviewer: I think the company's come. 472: I told you about that. Interviewer: {NW} 472: That's right. Interviewer: {NS} So y'all didn't have closets or anything like that? 472: Yeah that's called the cloak room is closets Closets in the house. {X} Right. Howdy! Interviewer: Good morning. 472: This is my friend that I Interviewer: Hi. 472: got acquainted Interviewer: #1 How you doing? # 472: #2 with. # Aux: How do you do? Interviewer: Nice to meet you. 472: And uh that's Aux: {X} 472: that's ms {B} {X} Aux: Come on up. Interviewer: We just had a little conversation. Aux: you just had to {X} 472: Yeah Interviewer: {D: About old times} Aux: {X} 472: had 'em making us a record Aux: {NW} 472: Howdy. Aux: Hey. 472: Uh {NS} Aux: when do they {X} 472: Yeah yeah I'd I'd be interested in having it later. I got one brother living we could get together and talk it over. Interviewer: Do you ever have a pet? 472: One sister. Yeah! I've had pets. I do- I don't uh uh never fool with no pets though unless it's something s- like squirrels outside you know? Where I can let 'em go where they ain't have nothing to to bother me in no way to keep my mind on to have to take care of you see I like pets but I don't wanna fool with 'em not by myself. {NS} And so {NS} I'd rather not uh {C: overlapping auxiliary speech} have a pet I like 'em you know? I'd rather not own one myself cuz it's a lot of trouble and uh they oughta be taken care of like like they should be. Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: You never had a dog? 472: Yeah I've owned dogs my life yeah. And uh with the wife. But not too many we never did use very many dogs. And not {NS} me and her was too busy we something else that they Interviewer: What did you call this type of dog you know it's not a pure breed but it's all different types mixed together? 472: German police? Interviewer: Well you know it's just a a an ordinary dog who's it's not a pure breed like a German police but it's several different types? You'd just say that's just an old 472: Oh! A feist or a feisty bull mix I've known things like that feisty bull you know that that that makes a pretty {X} little dog! Interviewer: Right {NW} 472: Feisty bull. And then we have uh {NW} what we call these bulldog catch dogs. Of course we call that. A lotta catch dogs but a bulldog catching holes you know. You can depend on a bulldog. Of course he ca- whatever he catches he hold it for you you get that. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Like a hog or a cow Interviewer: Right. 472: {NW} It's {NW} see a bulldog I hate to say that but they really make a cow holler whenever they get a hold to 'em and they hold on too! Just don't turn her lose. Interviewer: Oh me. 472: So we uh if I had stock I'd have me a catch dog. To catch 'em and make 'em go. And they'll learn a dog too. They'll obey a dog to where they obey dog cuz that dog'll make 'em stay put. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people call a dog something like a cur dog or a mongrel or 472: Uh yeah. Cur dogs and um let's see uh uh Great Danes there's all kinds of dogs. And uh feists, there's several kind of feists. One they call a spit feist. Spit feist. He small too. But these cur dogs are pretty good yard dogs but you get a pu- pair of buddy cur dogs you got a good yard dog. They keep out everything they they'll bite you if you go in the yard. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: But just a common dog a mixed dog I call 'em you can get by them pretty good. Now German police I I I'll admire them in other words I paid more attention to a German police than any other kind I have a right to. Because I worked at the creeks down here Below at the creeks uh Melvis's Plantation between here and {X} crossway you know? Melvis's Plantation? And uh I worked at uh night watch down there for those people. Big farm and sawmill. And they had a big German police black one and I walked up to get some milk up at the dairy one evening and that dog was loose and he came running to me and rared up on me with his feet. And laid his head upside of mine and you talking about growling and snapping his teeth. {NW} That was something and I was so nervous I was getting so weak. I reckon I'd've fell under him more while he's heavy And he's a daring me not to go to that gara- not to go to that dairy. He didn't want me to go in you see. Well his master found out and he and that he was after he heared it. He come to the door and hollered and told me he got out and went on by. And I was so lifted I was so happy. Interviewer: {NW} I imagine so. {NW} 472: Why he could a tore me all to pieces Interviewer: {NW} 472: Just eat me up. They dangerous! That's the reason why I'm armed and pay more attention just to see if they don't get a hold to {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: {X} Interviewer: gets out a dog 472: Yeah. Interviewer: or a Great Dane on you or a police dog. 472: Yeah. That's right. Interviewer: Now you were telling me about you were talking about stinging insects. Do y'all have these things that make nests that look like they're made outta paper on the side of your house? 472: Hor- uh wasps' nest. Wasps yeah! Them wasps they are terrible. Uh if they if they find you out before you find them out mostly. It's when that happens. You get into it before you know it. They'll let you know who you like And they just sting you and it hurts so long and so bad 'til it you're about throw you into fever if there's many of 'em sting you at the time. Interviewer: Yeah I remember I went throwing a ball around in the front yard with my brother and it went in the bushes and I went in there face first. Bam bam bam three of 'em got me right 472: Oh you know what I'm talking about. Interviewer: {NW} It really hurt. 472: Yeah it hurts. Really hurts. And we have another one me- builds a nest a paper nest we might call it like that. But it's called a hornet! He works he build in swamps mostly. Hardly ever seen one out here nowhere. He builds nests as big as flour barrels. Big as tubs or longer than tubs. They build {X} big nests and and they are terrible bee. They terrible. And if you go to bother their they're nests they come to you like a a bullet out of a rifle. And they they say I've never had one to do it but they say if they you stir 'em up one'll hit you right there between the forehead. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And when he hit you he pop the sting in. And does his work. When he hits you. If you bother with 'em. Interviewer: Guess that'll knock you down I imagine. 472: Yeah! Yeah I I've had 'em s- t- and tell me they could almost knock you down it hit you so hard when they come just like a bullet. And when they hit you they sting you. Hurt you. And they are bad and they dangerous. You don't see many of them around. You see 'em come catch houseflies they'll come to your house to catch houseflies. Carry 'em back to the little ones. Feed the little ones I guess. Interviewer: I see. 472: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah this insect that makes a nest looks like it's made outta mud? Sometimes you see them on the side of your house? 472: Oh dirt daubers yeah. Yeah we have dirt daubers. Now my I was talking to my daughter over the phone this week and she says Daddy they ha- they hadn't got a screen yet for the front door it's just been built. And she said Daddy they're coming in and\ building nests on my curtains! Oh thank you mail carrier. Hello. Wow thank you do much for bringing me this Aux: {NW} Interviewer: It's a bill? 472: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # wondered if you wanted to say thank you {X} 472: Oh yeah well I had to I reckon I had my girlfriend in mind. Aux: Yeah? 472: {X} Aux: {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yeah. Don't like the bills. But we have to pay 'em. Interviewer: Especially from the power company. 472: Yeah that's true. And you know we've got a light out here and we call 'em and I've talked to 'em and they still haven't come and fixed our uh streetlight. Interviewer: Oh. 472: It just feels light all about. Course and it helps us so much {C: car starting} {X} {NS} And they just can't come {X} I'll never put a pitiful mouth up to 'em when I go to pay this bill. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Maybe it'll help 472: Yeah. It will have. I put in there said {D: your man} {X} No if I I tell you what. {NS} If I can get this in to 'em and let 'em know that I mean business and I really do love 'em with God's love. You know that'll do things where nothing else won't Yeah If I bring to 'em God's love and tell 'em how much we appreciate it we'd appreciate it. Tell 'em how much we did appreciate it while it was up to me. I believe they'll come on and do something about it. But they they was over a hundred lights out here in town two weeks ago. Interviewer: Huh. 472: And then any God I heard i- they didn't have but two men to do this so would do this. Uh and that may be the trouble see I won't I won't force 'em. I I I won't force 'em. But we could really use this light to- today. Interviewer: Well maybe they come take care of it before too long. 472: Yeah I trust that they will. Interviewer: That dirt dauber that you were telling me about does he sting? 472: Yeah they will sting you if you mess with 'em {X} too much. They got a terrible sting there too. {X} long tail sticking out their behind. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you have any insects around here that build a nest in the ground and will swarm on you? 472: Such as yellow jackets? Interviewer: Yes sir. {C: train whistle} 472: Yeah and bumblebees. Yeah I've been hit to both of 'em I know about them things. {NS} Yes sir I can tell you a story about them bumblebees um yellow jacket. Long years ago we used to I used to be great to when I was just a boy coming up run around playing my shirttail out in the yard. And get a hatchet or something and go chopping on trees {NS} and I got into a nest of them yellow jacket one time and they liked to eat me up So they are terrible the yellow jacket are. So many and they don't come off of you 'til you pull 'em off. {X} You run 'em off You'll get him off mighty quickly Interviewer: {NW} 472: {X} And a bumblebee he just about as bad. {NS} I've had them sting me too. Yeah the yellow jacket. Interviewer: You have one a little insect that's bad about uh getting up under your skin and making it itch? Kinda burrowing into your skin? 472: No I uh I we have what they call redbugs. Yeah. And the red bug'll get on yo- on you- body and he'll make a bump. And if you don't get him off if you don't find him out uh he will just swell around then and he'll be uh like a tick. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: A tick'll go in too you know if he stays on you too long. Course uh like it is now people takes more bath and more regular than they used to and they keep 'em off pretty well. I had something on one of my shoulder blades here a while back it felt like one but Nevertheless I couldn't see back there and I couldn't reach back there but I take and scrape it all I could stand. It was sore. And I sometime {X} believe it was a little old seed tick got on my shoulder blade So when I take a bath I take the cloth and clean my back with a cloth you know? And I could uh level with that place and it was so tense it was sore And I still believe that was a tick on my shoulder but it's gone now. I guess he shed it off. {X} But anyhow uh that's the way they do you and they call you how it feels when you haven't got on you And bite you. {NS} At the time. Interviewer: I see. What about these insects that are bad about getting in your clothes and eating holes in 'em? 472: Oh moths? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah. Moths and roaches'll do that too crickets. {NW} them crickets are bad about getting into your clothes. If they can get in the house. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And if it ain't a mighty tight house they coming in. Interviewer: Right 472: They gonna visit you. Interviewer: I had one get in my I didn't know what that thing was get in I heard something uh in my bedroom at night and I was trying to sleep and woke me up making all kinda racket and I looked and I looked turns out it's just a little one little old cricket making all that noise. 472: Yeah Interviewer: Drives me crazy 472: Yeah they sure are. ms Beeler has a frog out there in that bush that she goes by the weather. When that frog hollers you can just about figure on the rain at night or the next day. So night before last he really did holler. And he come a rain. I pay attention to that too. {X} we have a frog that'll holler. And the crickets will holler a lot of times before it comes up a rain. They'll just make alarm out there and we got uh what they call katydids up in them oaks. At night to keep you awake if you if if if you're easy to keep awake. {X} holler {NW} My poor dad he used to do this though. We lived close to a big old tree and they just {X} he'd just go out in the yard and build a fire and that was all there. You can hear them old katydid cuz he went in that fire They'll go for fire at night you know. Most any bee or fly will. And that's where he got rid of them katydids Interviewer: Have you ever heard of anything as being called a candle fly? 472: Candle fly? Oh yeah. Lots of candle flies. Candle flies are start- uh worms. Webs. web worms One kind of get in your crib of corn or any crib where there's uh storage stuff and lay them eggs and it'll it'll perform uh webby trash. {X} And they'll get mad to where s- accumulate worms in there at the end to eat up whatever it's laid on Like those butterflies we have in the gardens lay on them plants. And two nights there's a worm there eating up the leaf That's the way that happens. A little white butterfly. And we know that happens. And he gives to a lot of trouble. This candle fly he's terrible too to get into things. And I tell you what these worms will accumulate that he makes They'll raise another fly They'll be another {D: candle fly} Another candle fly. They come out of that egg. Out of the worm. He'll he'll he'll die. hatch out of what? Hatch out a- another candle fly. Interviewer: I see. 472: Just like a worm on a {D: katabi} tree When that worm goes in the ground know you'll never see him no more. But them eggs is in him and next year they hatch out come {X} {D: If you read just them leaves you can} {D: let} hatch out crawl back up tree. That's the way they accumulate. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you have this insect around here that you see at nights and they'll blink on and off? 472: That's what you call a lightning bug I was just looking for the last few nights. I just love to see 'em. But yeah they come in the early spring and they will last a way in the summer but {NS} like it is is so much poison {NS} And uh uh poison in the air now until it's just about killed all of them bugs we believe that I believe that's what we will They used to come around here to spray at night and in the evening you know with a spray? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Well it gets everything all kinds of insects. It'll even get these little town birds. Course when they printed it's kill when the insect is killed the bird eats 'em and that's it. It gets the bird. Uh anything it eats. And it's real good on them skeeters though. But do we love it? But in a way I don't like it. I don't want. I don't want to see nothing like that. I'd rather fight the mosquito or get behind the screen. From the mosquitoes Interviewer: {X} 472: than to have the air polluted polluted that's what I'm trying to say. Interviewer: It does get pretty bad. 472: Pollution yes sir. For ms Preach on that street over yonder if the wind is blowing it'll go right over there. It'll go clean across town uh across the streets. And that's the reason why they that I don't like to see 'em come around you know they ain't been around a good while now. {X} Interviewer: You know talking about insects sometimes when you go fishing this insect with this long thin body come flying along and land on your pole and you had to twitch it to get it off? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What do you call that one? 472: Uh some of 'em called 'em dragonflies I call 'em mosquito hawks. Mosquito hawks he gets the mosquitoes. I ha- and I used to see young gal with a broom kill 'em in the evening you know? In the yards? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: They'd be catching them skeeters. Man if I see one doing that now I tell him what he's doing. He don't realize what he's doing. He's killing that mosquito hawk that eats up {x} insects. He's killing {X} killing 'em. And that's wrong to kill 'em I think. I wouldn't do it. Mosquito hawk. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call that mosquito hawk a snake doctor? 472: Never have. Never have. But uh they got another thing when you're fishing that bothers you. That's a yellow fly. They come in in the month of June and they come in and stay in all of June. And they go out July. Interviewer: I see one of your squirrels over there you got on the end of that limb of that dead tree. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that a cat squirrel? Can you see him? 472: Yeah it's a cat squirrel. {NS} He's picking on the ear of that corn I'm gonna watch him. If he gets to doing that I'll get him away from over there. Smile while you sticking on getting the ear of corn. Interviewer: {NW} You ready? 472: Yeah. {NS} If he if he knows don't you see I'll watch him and when another one I'll pu- break it off. {NS} Shelter {NS} and put it in a tub and put it in the sunshine {NS} so when they dry for the meal. I'm gonna make my bread out of that that's my big one. The corn. Interviewer: What do you uh call a uh corn you know that's tender enough to eat right off the cob? 472: Roasting ears. Roasting ears. We had a little girl a little young girl come here with the people this weekend and she wanted to know about that corn was it right out there. My corn. Uh she was talking about somebody had given her some roasting ears a bunch and she was wondering about my corn was it good to eat too? And she says is it ripe? Is it ripe? Is it alright to eat? I said yeah. But it's too hard to eat roasting ears now. I said it's not roasting ears I didn't know what she meant. But I learned as she left by them that she was looking for some roasting ears to eat. Off of the cob. But it's hard now and whenever it gets hard I use it for meal. Dry it good and carry it to the mill have it ground. Then I have my winter break. Interviewer: #1 Do that # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the roasting ears do they have that stuff that you have to brush off the 472: Silks. Interviewer: {NS} 472: They have silks uh-huh. The roasting ears has silks and you have to clean it uh shuck it and silk it. And then uh put it in the water wash it wash it good and uh then you take a knife and cut it off if you hadn't got a a wa- a if you hadn't got one of these uh graters you can grate it with. I got one of those now I just call it a grater that you grate it with. Cut it off real fast. And then you can can it and put the can of {X} but this corn actually gets too hard for the roasting ears you can use it for meal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Or feed stock or whateve- how much ever you got. I only use mine in bread. And then I can take this meal after now and show you how you can come up with it. You can take this meal after it get in my home I take me a s- couple spoonfuls and put in a thin frying pan set it on the stove and parch it. Brown it. Just to just color it good. And put just a little bit of salt in that and then put it in a jar. And you talking about a delicious meal that you got. Interviewer: What kind of bread is that? 472: It's it's cornmeal parched. And uh you put it in a jar put you a little bit of salt better not put much. It'll ruin it. Just to keep the taste little longer just to your taste And uh put it away in a jar and then every now and then you take a spoon go by there and get you a spoonful. And eat it. You can't hardly stop going for two or three spoonfuls. Interviewer: {NW} 472: So good. It's got the best flavor to it you ever put in your mouth and uh but you better you got to learn how to eat it! Because you'll suck it down your windpipe. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And it'll powder in your mouth whatever 'til slobber hadn't wet it you see. Interviewer: I see. 472: Alright. If if you draw a breath like that you ought not to die. You choke. Uh but anyhow you learned how to eat it and eat it slow. And it's one of the best things you can come up with. That is in the uh um nut line I'd call it. Interviewer: it's not cornbread? 472: No it ain't cornbread it's just made to put in a jar. {NS} Brown it put it in a jar or something like Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # {X} And just use it with a spoon every night. Interviewer: Do you like cornbread? 472: Hoo yeah I cook cornbread all the time. I'm having to buy my cornbread now though. I run outta meal. Interviewer: How do you like to fix your cornbread? 472: Oh I like to take in uh take it out and put it in the what I make it up in and put me some flour in it. And if it's not self-rising flour I have to put your salt. Season it. And then uh put a little baking powder some old baking powders in it. And stir it up good and make it up with meal. I'll break a egg in it if I got it first. Stir it and then put the milk in. If I ain't got milk I'll use water. And then put it in the pan. I'd cook it on top of the stove or put it in the oven and cook it. Either way. It'll work either way. Interviewer: Is there anything else any other kind of bread you made with cornmeal? 472: No I don't don't reckon so. Uh yeah you can make what's called muffins. Make it into muffins. Put it into them little pan call it muffin bread. You can do that. Interviewer: what about these uh you know these round things that have some onion in 'em? Some people like to eat 'em with fish? 472: Oh uh but get acquainted with this boy. Interviewer: Huh? 472: Hey! Uh this is Interviewer: doing here? 472: This is uh Kelly Boy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Lives uptown that's who I thought you were when you when you came up the other day Mr Kelly boy Interviewer: Yeah. 472: And uh got to looking found different. Well alright uh he's our neighbor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: We we really enjoy him. He's a good friend he's a good worker. Interviewer: I see. 472: Better worker than anything else I reckon. He's really good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: We proud of him. Interviewer: So you call those things 472: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 uh # 472: muffins. Little muffins you can make outta cornbread. Interviewer: Have you ever made yourself any hushpuppies? 472: I do that all the time when I got fish. To cook fish if I cook it myself? That's I don't want the fish without them hush- uh hushpuppies. {X} And I take them things and I can just make 'em to where you're at {NS} you just nobody eat too many of 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I can put that seasoning in 'em you know? Teeny bit of pepper and uh onions. Cut up a lot of onions. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: And I make 'em up in the put a little flour in my meal just like I'm gonna use it for bread. and then make all of that together stir it up. Get it ready. When my fish gets done then your supposed to dig 'em out with a spoon and put them in there in the grease hot grease. Cook 'em brown took 'em out. Cool them up and they're ready to go. {NS} It's really good. I love hushpuppies. I hardly ever I don't cook fish unless I cook some hardly. They's so good. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people talk about uh pone of cornbread or corn pone? Something like that? 472: uh yeah they make 'em in pones you can make it in pones now it's gotta be you got That's the way you make it that a way. You take it make it up take your hand make a pone lay it in that side of the pan then you make another one fill up the pan too you know? You have a pan or two to fill up. Called pone. Interviewer: So a pone's just a 472: Pones is made with your hand. And lay it in the side of the pan. In it 'til it fills it up there Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. You bake 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 472: That's called pone cornbread. Pone cornbread. Interviewer: I see. What about can you take uh your cornmeal and make your make your batter and then kind of pour it out and cook 'em in little flat round 472: Oh W- well now that's called uh I call that uh butter cakes. Powder cakes outta cornmeal yeah. That's the way you cook 'em too. {NS} And that's good. But {NS} you use flour in that in that in that way. I'd call 'em uh flapjacks. Interviewer: Is a 472: {X} Interviewer: and a flapjack the same thing? 472: No it's all the same but it's {X} if you make 'em outta cornbread they would wouldn't answer so well with syrup and all of that you see that's the reason why. {NS} {X} bread {NS} made out of uh the flour flapjacks that's to eat cor- uh syrup with mostly. Interviewer: I see. 472: {X} but cornbread is made for other things. Interviewer: {X} Have you ever heard of hoecake? What is that? 472: Hoecake. That's uh a big bunch a flour cooked in a in a ba- in a it's a batter but it's made a whole big hoecake outta that. It's made a big thing Interviewer: It's pretty big. 472: Yeah it's like the pone cornbread but it's all together. And you bake it in the stove or on the top and that's what's called a hoecake. Interviewer: But it's made outta cornmeal. 472: No outta flour. Interviewer: Outta flour? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh I see. 472: Hoecake. Yeah. A- but meal I don't have made hoecakes outta meal. Made outta flour. Interviewer: You ever heard of anything called a corn dodger? 472: That's corn dodgers that's like uh corn dodger's like a the little cookies we cook in these little cans? What'd I call 'em a while ago? I forgot. Muffins. Only corn dodger is cooked uh in a long things. We call them corn dodgers. Interviewer: {X} 472: Cooked in long vessel Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: instead of the round. That'd be the difference. Interviewer: I see. 472: layered the same way but that's what they call 'em. Corn dodgers. Interviewer: You know some people say that they just two different kinds of bread there's the kind you make it home call that homemade bread and then the kind that you buy at the store you call that 472: Well {NS} bread made at home is it's either be a pone a bread or a hoecake. I mean a just bake it in there. Well or you could call a cornbread a hoecake if you put it in the pan and cook it all together. It would go as a hoecake too. Interviewer: I see. 472: That's right Interviewer: I see. 472: That's right. But anyway no there's no difference in no bread. That wouldn't make no difference in uh the meal that you buy at the store and the meal that I get out of the field in other words. It's all the same {X} Cook it either way. Any kind of way you wanted to do it. {NS} That's where the difference comes. That's all the difference to me. You cooked either one of 'em ei- either way you want it to. There's no difference in the store-bought bread and uh bread you cook at home in other words unless you buy uh loafs of bread or something like that. Interviewer: I see. Did you ever make these things at home you'd get your batter and you'd fix it up and pour it out and fry it in deep fat so you'd have a hole right in the middle of these things? 472: That's what you call let me see what they call them now they call them donuts. Oh yeah. {NW} Interviewer: You haven't made those at all? 472: I never have no I ain't made them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: But I've saw 'em made. Donuts yeah. That's made outta flour. Donuts. Interviewer: If you were going to bake yourself some bread what would you have to put in it to make it rise? 472: Well I'd have to get the old Clabber Girl baking powder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: What they got old Clabber Girl baking powder is all I've ever known. And uh but my seasoning then of salt and season it with put that enough of that in have to learn how to put a amount of that in. {X} according to the according to bridge to make a to make it rise {X} Mix the flour though regardless. It does better with flour. And you put this baking powders in it. And then you have bake your hoecakes then. Interviewer: Was there anything that you could use besides baking powder to make it rise? 472: uh I haven't learned it. Interviewer: Maybe yeast? 472: Well yeast yeast'll uh make uh dough rise but I've never used no yeast to put it in uh just take the yeast and put it in the bread to make it go all at once no. But you can take and make your yeast if you can get you some yeast made you can put that yeast in the bread then instead and you got something's real good. And ah a preacher! Here he comes. His wife is a bread maker and she was supposed to make yeast bread. And she buys this yeast at the store and called herself making yeast bread. But when I got some of it I found the difference. If sh- if sh- {X} she gonna make me no more and I ain't get to talk to her I say don't put no more sugar in it. I don't want no sweet at all in my bread. And I said then I ca- love it better but then it's not the kind that I thought she was gonna bring me I thought she was gonna bring some that's rise up. and when you're cut a loaf it'll perfume the house. Or or something like that now I said that's the yeast I'm talking about. Something or another that'll {NS} that'll taste good {NS} in your mouth. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yes. And it's healthy too. Believe it or not. If I hear 'em say you should drink a little uh beer for the stomach say in other words uh some do uh but it's the yeast that you get in your stomach in your body that does the work good It's good as hell Interviewer: {NW} Right. 472: {X} Interviewer: I see. What do you usually eat for breakfast? 472: Well I will say this mostly what I got Uh if I hadn't got an egg and grits I use uh I have some usually have some canned stuff that we people mix. Seventh-Day Adventist Movement. Can some stuff that's meatless. But you think you've got meat when you're cooking it and when you taste it. And that's the kind of food we tend to buy and have on hand for our breakfasts. Then we cook our grits and flavor it with a gravy out of that. We eat this stuff. Or we take some of the juice out of the can and flavor our stuff that we eat with it. If we got it. If not you can buy at the store now you can buy this uh meatless uh meat. They call it. It's looks just like bacon. But it's meatless it ain't no meat in it it's veg- made outta vegetable. And I think it came from our movement. Uh {D: Loma Lan- Loma La- Loama Linda} {D: Loma Linda} A place called {D: Loma Linda} uh where they make this stuff. And we believe I believe that that's where it come from this meatless stuff that you can buy at the store. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. And you just think you're frying bacon. But you don't fry it but just eat it hot good because it'll just crimp up so lightly {X} you know. Just don't do good it's hard! Interviewer: {NW} 472: But if you put it in that hot oil and just turn it over and take it out just as tender and nice and tastes so good. Interviewer: If you wanted to buy a lot of bacon except might you have it sliced you'd say you'd have to buy a whole of bacon. 472: No you just well you what you do there you just buy a piece of meat slice your own bacon. Uh you can do that you can buy a whole side of a hog. I reckon you can now uh a big piece, and cut you cut your own meat off. Slice it off with a knife. Fry it. Fry it like that. But they they've got it ready-sliced now you buy it. you pay a whole lot more for it but then you got it ready-sliced. Interviewer: Is that side of a hog called the middling? 472: Yeah they call that middling meat. Yeah. {NS} Belly part of the middling. {X} I hear a lot of 'em's supposed to season the bean with a piece of side belly. Call it {NW} put put it in the uh beans or something Interviewer: Do you put any greens maybe? 472: Yeah Whatever you got cooking. Boil it. Uh season it with that. Hog meat. But we don't use any {X} Seventh-Day Adventist don't use hog meat. Interviewer: I see. What do- how do you like your eggs fixed? 472: Well I'd rather have mine just poached like to put on my grits. Well either I boil my egg you cut it up and put mayonnaise something like that on perhaps. That's good. {NS} Toast me some bread then to go with it. Then I used whole for uh I mean I use wheat bread. Wished I did have some whole wheat bread to use. But I use wheat bread. Partly If I can't get wheat bread I get roman meal which is kind of a wheat but otherwise Interviewer: I see. 472: {D: Gotcha} Interviewer: What do you call the two parts of an egg? You got the 472: Yolk and white. Yeah. The yolk and white. Interviewer: Now the yolk is that's the color uh what color is 472: Yellow. Interviewer: Yellow. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I always get those confused. 472: Yeah. Now y- you take a some eggs you got two yolks. Double yolk. Them's big eggs. {NW} Interviewer: I imagine. {X} 472: They are big though. And that's the kind I buy most of the time if I can find 'em. {X} So I just cook me one egg but if I have to buy those little ones I got double trouble wait now I hope the uh the uh store men don't hear me. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: I'd worry about that. 472: If I buy the little egg I I have two to break. If I want two two yolks {NS} I need enough for my meal. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Big eggs give me a meal by itself. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Boil it fry or however I wanna cook it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: I tend to boil. Uses {X} Told you I was lazy to start with Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 472: #2 # Interviewer: {NW} 472: Or Interviewer: when you used to eat uh bacon or some other kind of meat with your breakfast did you ever uh like to eat this uh spicy hot meat {X} Uh we- never did care about too much spices Cannot lie. I never did. I believe it but I'm not I don't like it too well. {X} 472: You could get it Interviewer: #1 {D: in} # 472: #2 Such # as ham and all that. I never did like too much spice in hams either when I eat hog meat like that. This lady brought the mail to me? She d- d- uh she's the last one to ever give me a piece of ham to eat. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: that's the last ham I ever eat in my life was there lady brought it to me. Interviewer: Did you like to eat that stuff that you could get in links or patties? 472: Sausage. Yes uh really a pig after a uh weenies. Weeny sausages. Interviewer: You don't eat that anymore though? 472: I'd rather not. Keep all animals systematic Uh hog meat is fine for some people I reckon but it's too rich anyway for people to eat. It is it's just too rich and they'll tell you that theirselves. If you eat very much of it it'll make you sick. It's just too rich a meat to eat. And we rather eat beef if we're going to eat meat or fish scale fish Or beef. Interviewer: What did people call the man who uh sold meat and uh compared it uh with 472: Merchant. It come from the merchant house. All of this meat comes from the merchant house. From merchant merchant. Interviewer: Do you still have people uh like a butcher? 472: Oh yeah. No not around here we don't have none right around us. But we got butchers uh far and near you know you send they s- the butcher can send it to you whole and then we got a butcher he- here in the store to cut it up. Now that might be what you're coming up with. {X} he he's a meat-cutter we call him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: He Interviewer: I see. 472: And and he's good enou- I mean he can cut it most any way a person wants it {X} Well I heard the same thing Interviewer: Did y'all put a when you were growing up did you have uh hog-killing time? {NS} 472: Yeah. We used to have a hog-killing time in the Fall and the cold weather we had to wait the cold weather on account of the flies! And things like that would uh gnats take over We'd just wait 'til wintertime it's the best time to kill meats of any kind. Wintertime. Where you won't 'til you can get to put it away you see. Interviewer: Did you make anything with meat from his head? 472: Yeah souse. Call hog hog head cheese. People called it now hog head cheese. We called it souse back there. At that time and uh then we pickled the meat my father always went and bought a lotta salt and would take the washpot and put that salt and water in there. They would put that salt in there until this brine would float a egg. That's how strong you wanted it. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Til floating {NW} when it start floated a egg then he let it cool and uh he'd have his meat uh put in a barrel. And he'd pour this brine in over with his meat. And that's the way he picked up his meat. Interviewer: {NW} 472: In that brine. And then the first two weeks after the first two weeks he took that brine outta that meat took that meat out laid it on a table and took that brine that was left and add to it and make some more new brine put in there and then that was it for the year. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yep that's it for the year. Interviewer: Did y'all ever do anything with the liver? Hog's liver? 472: No no more than just cook it and eat it. Never put it away or nothing. Interviewer: Didn't make any 472: #1 We'd give away and # Interviewer: #2 grind it up make it into a # pudding or anything? 472: No. No I saw we had one auntie one time made us a blood pudding out of it. Caught the blood? Stuck the hog and caught the blood and made pudding out of it. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: But we didn't eat it. Wasn't u- I didn't like it. Interviewer: I don't think I would either. 472: Uh-uh. And the Bible's strictly against that. The Bible's strictly against hog hog pudding. Blood pudding. Big time. So we we'd uh give and take other word we had a big hog killing we had a lotta help. And we'd divide out all the stuff that we couldn't take away. Interviewer: {X} 472: And we'd just have a big union meeting you know. Cook a lotta these lites and livers together cook 'em real tender and {NS} have 'em. And the tongue we'd use the tongue sometimes. In well {NW} Never waste throwed away no hog tongue. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of people around here eating brains and eggs? 472: Lots yeah. I have eat 'em myself. Brains and eggs. But I don't eat no more. That way I wouldn't want that. I'd just rather not do that. But if it's but a little tender beef I'll eat it and uh scale fish. Interviewer: You ever heard of anything called a scrapple? 472: Scrapple. No. Interviewer: Something you'd make with hog meat and cornmeal. Cook it fry it. 472: No I never heard of that one I don't believe. Never heard of that. Scrapple. Interviewer: You mentioned um Clabber Girl baking soda a minute ago what i- what is clabber? 472: Cl- clabber? That's what we call clabber is uh milk curdled {X} it goes to clabber. Cow milk from well fresh from a cow what ain't been {NW} demolished I call it to all the good fat took out. It'll clabber and after it clabbers then you take this clabber and put it in a churn. Leave the cream on it. Uh put the cream in there with it and then you churn it and you got buttermilk. Well that's what we call clabber when it turns hard like that. Interviewer: {NW} 472: So it turns hard like that. Interviewer: Is there any kinda cheese you can make outta that clabber? 472: Yeah you can ca- uh you can uh make uh white cheese out of it. Strain it and make white cheese out of this clabber out of this clabber. Interviewer: Is that white cheese uh is that li- 472: Oh clabber cheese. Interviewer: Clabber cheese? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as cottage cheese? 472: Co- yeah it's the same thing. Cottage cheese. But we call it clabber cheese if we make it ourselves. That's where a- where that other is made from too. Interviewer: Ever heard of uh the inside parts of a chicken or a hog called the haslet or hashlet or harslet anything like 472: No the hog a hog has a haslet. Hog haslet. Interviewer: Which part is that? 472: Well let me see now. that grows on the little {C: silence} Interviewer: Now that melted. Yeah 472: About to melt? Interviewer: Yes. 472: Well that was my um that was my free part that was a the part that I liked better than any other part of the hog was its melt I'd rather have the melt than the than to have the tripe uh {X} Interviewer: Where where exactly you said that was around the liver? 472: Yeah melt grows right in there close to the liver. The hog melt. It's a long thing looks like a tongue something's tongue the melt does. It's the shape of a tongue. But it's a sweet meat. It's just just right I mean just real good. Interviewer: What's that? 472: Oh they working over there. Yeah. Interviewer: That hashling you say is hog mixed up? 472: Yeah that's what you call hog hash. Hog hash. Cook it all up together. Cook it all up together and cook it. And it's really good everybody likes that. It's really good. Interviewer: Did you ever take the uh what's that he got 472: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: {NW} Is that your's? No, it belongs to Ms {X} They've been hauling something like they've been cutting something. Did y'all when you were eh talking about hog-killing time did you ever take the intestines and clean 'em out real good and stuff some sausage in 'em? 472: No. Jenny always never did that well yeah the old folks did way back yonder but now they just clean 'em and cook 'em. Cook 'em boil 'em and then take 'em up cut 'em up and fry 'em. Interviewer: What do you call that 472: Uh {NS} chitlins. Interviewer: {X} 472: All the chitlins. Interviewer: You like those? 472: Yeah I used to eat 'em like a pig and I don't eat 'em no more. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Away from it now. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Yeah. Eat 'em like a pig. {NS} Sometimes they'll put on 'em boil a {X} and I come in here {X} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: I can get outta here Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} I heard they don't smell too good when they're cooking. 472: They make you sick almost. Interviewer: Really? 472: Some people like to smell 'em. I don't. I don't like to smell 'em. Too much too much. That's getting too much of it. I I got to le- let them have that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: {X} Interviewer: You know tal- we were talking about the house. Some houses have a a place right underneath the roof that you climb up to you can use for storage or something like that? 472: I don't {NW} I'm not acquainted with that. Interviewer: {NW} Call the attic? 472: Oh attic. Oh yeah. Uh they have uh a house that's not a up st- stair house but it's place room up there that you can have a what they call a attic to store stuff in. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah my brother's got one at his house down here at White House Fork. Interviewer: Right. 472: And they store stuff up there that they don't need. Well I like for the winter they use heavy bedding. And in the summer they can stack it up there you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: But you had to keep check on 'em so that they uh won't mold or something you know. That weather'll make 'em mold any kinda the shell a mold inside. Interviewer: #1 Yes sir. # 472: #2 {D: Don't} # watch. Interviewer: Right. 472: But anyhow they take care of it and that's what that attic's for. Store stuff in like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Or some little something you don't need. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Get that outta the way. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: No creek don't strike that match It's that forest consumed Interviewer: {X} burn up something? 472: {NW} Yeah Interviewer: You didn't mean to. How many of those uh those things grow grow on trees or bushes? 472: Vines. Interviewer: Vines. 472: I got me one coming out yonder. Whole what maybe they put on something else Interviewer: He sa- I guess they just grow kind of like grapes? 472: Yeah. Go ahead and eat all of 'em you want. Interviewer: I will. {NW} You don't have to ask twice it tastes real good. Well we were talking about uh you know stinging insects uh it kinda reminded me about snakes do y'all have any um bad snakes around here? Poisonous? 472: I think yeah I guess we got every kind excepting a a cobra. Uh we got a lots. Uh that rattlesnake I believe is about the worst we have. Interviewer: He's pretty bad isn't he? 472: Oh yeah. I wouldn't want him no worse. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # No I don't guess so. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: A rattlesnake's pretty bad around here huh? 472: Yeah they are. They sure are. Interviewer: Any mo- moccasins things like that? 472: Yeah around these branches Around these ponds. Lot a moccasins. But mostly right around here on this flat is adders. We have a black adder and we have a brown adder. Little brown adder. Interviewer: About how long are they? What do they look like? 472: They grow from about this long to about that long. Interviewer: Around two feet? 472: Yeah. Two feet long. They Interviewer: Are those poisonous? 472: Uh I never have knowed nobody being poisoned by by 'em no way. They a mighty humble little snake. Whenever you walk up to it and he just flattens his head like that. And blows all he can blows {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Is does that scare you? {NS} 472: Yeah. Sure will. Then we have what they call a black runner. Black snake. around here. But I haven't saw no coach whips. You know coach whips had like to have life. I there's some here around now but not here in town I haven't saw one {NS} in town. Interviewer: And they're not poisonous are they? 472: I don't know if they are or not. But there's certain times of the year they'll run you. And a black snake will too. In the mating times I guess. Interviewer: Oh. You ever heard of any king snakes being around? 472: Yeah back out in the way way back out in the woods there's a lotta there's a lotta king snakes. Yeah. Oak snakes. King snakes and uh rat snakes. We have rat snakes around here. {x} rat snake. Interviewer: Chicken snake? 472: Chicken snake we got them. But such is {X} We don't have any of them that I know of. I've saw some of them over here at Piggly-Wiggly's in the shelf They come around sometimes showing 'em you know. Interviewer: Oh. 472: People do. I saw a man I saw a man kiss a cobra on top of the head over there Interviewer: Ah. 472: one day I sure did. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yes sir. Boy that thing had his head bowed up about that high. About that high. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And that man kissed him right on top of his head. Interviewer: I think I can think of something better to do. 472: Cobra and you know he just bite you you don't live but just a few minutes if they bite you. He sure did. Interviewer: Picked a hurry way to earn a living didn't he? 472: But he made all them younguns and everybody around on the street he told 'em to be perfectly still and quiet. He waved his hands like that you know at that snake and that snake was watching his hands and he just {X} Not for me. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Oh boy Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 472: He had a rattlesnake in a cage I don't know how big he was. {NS} He told me how much it weighed {NS} but said {NS} he said that them kind could out grew a man Could handle a man. When they fed him they just throw a live rabbit or anything in there. {X} I don't know what he u- it wasn't a rattlesnake it was another kind uh that he had I forgot the name of it. It sure was big. Interviewer: I can think of a lot of things that I'd rather kiss than a cobra. 472: Uh yeah they look horny snake I reckon there is. {X} Interviewer: Talking about the house was there ever did people have those little rooms right off the kitchen where they might store canned goods or extra dishes? 472: Yeah and they had uh but not to that so much as they had a smoke house. Where they smoked their meats. Now they stored a lot of stuff in them. They uh would put this stuff out in little houses well in fact I've got a little house out here now. Lot of stuff in it. Lot of stuff in it. {X} and he {X} Interviewer: What about pantry did people have those? 472: Yeah I've saw that they yeah I've saw that. Pantry. Yeah call it pantry yeah. I'd forgot about that. But they they've had them too in the house backwards That's a little old storeroom. To my opinion. {X} what you store stuff in. Interviewer: Yes sir. You use to uh years ago on Mondays {NS} was there any {NS} one particular thing that uh women would do on Mondays? 472: Oh that makes me think about uh that question makes me think about that uh {NS} the story I'd heard about Monday Tuesday Wednesday and Thursday would o- one day would be uh so they'd have certain kind of foods to eat and they'd eat 'em {X} but Wednesday especially I remembered was soup day. Interviewer: Wednesday was soup day. 472: Soup day yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 472: They call that soup day. {NW} It just I remember hearing 'em talk about soup day Wednesday. Interviewer: {C: clears throat} But there wasn't any one particular chore that {NS} you know just a housewife would do or something like that? She always did on Monday? 472: No I don't remember too much about Monday. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: You know when she had all those dirty clothes that had been piling up all the week. 472: Well {NW} people don't much have 'em now they tend to do that on the sabbath day or Sunday. Interviewer: What's that? 472: Washing. Interviewer: {D: What?} 472: {X} {NS} washing. But uh I don't know if they had any well I reckon some of 'em do keep 'em back to a Monday. Wash day. And then they had a certain day I think they mopped the houses. Sunday furniture and cleaned up. Interviewer: I see. {NS} 472: And some of the women you know likes to change the furniture in the house. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Turn it around abouts you know? And{NW} they get up fuss for their husbands sometime bout that moving that bed. {NW} Interviewer: #1 I've I # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: heard that I've heard that there 472: Yeah Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # They do. {NW} Interviewer: Can't seem to make up their mind about it. 472: No uh sounds funny think about it. S- well I think I was down through life's journey I believe that uh husbands shouldn't be so hard on their wife that they won't you know they're they are they uh are a tight like they like to move things and change things around. And they have it different. {NS} Have different things you know. {NS} And uh some of 'em work real hard. Some of 'em like t- yard work you know. {NS} Some of 'em wouldn't hit a snake in the house. {X} {NS} {NW} {NS} {NW} {NS} I know that's a fact too {NW} {NS} And some of 'em I've I've been in homes where there just {NS} wasn't no house keeper but good cook. Boy we cooked good. Anything they wanna cook {X} then like that otherwise. Seen 'em like that. Interviewer: My grandmother's uh getting on up in years but she uh still able to cook pretty well. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Good cook. 472: Yeah. {NS} My dad lived to be uh I forgot how old {NS} my mother was when she died. But daddy was ninety years old. Ninety years. Interviewer: What did uh do- can you remember people around here if they ever called their front porch by any other name? 472: Well I heard a story about that down through life's journey that they called it a gourd. Interviewer: A gourd? 472: A gourd. {NS} I don't know why that that come about but the man told me they used to call the front porches gourds. Gourds. And I don't know why they would call it a gourd. That's a name that that I never did never did register in my mind that they called it that I- why that they called it that you see. I don't know why they Interviewer: Wonder why that is 472: Gourd. Oh yeah. I know of the I know of a real name now but that they uh have been called pizers Front pizer. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. I've heard of that several times. Front pizer. Interviewer: Ever heard it called goward? 472: Oh yeah. Goward and pizer and uh I think that's about all. Interviewer: What's that uh roof made out of {NS} on that you know the Beeseley's house over there? 472: That's tin. Interviewer: It's what? 472: Uh uh galvanized tin. Interviewer: Oh. 472: {X} Yeah. Interviewer: Do you reckon it makes a racket when it rains? 472: {NW} yeah. But you see there's so much lofting and everything it don't leak too bad. {NS} Interviewer: {NS} 472: Yeah. That's Interviewer: Some people like to have a little noise when they go to sleep. 472: Yeah I like a slow rain. Now I don't like nothing thicker no how. Excuse me. I paid out about twenty-five dollars to get them limbs cut from over mine one day. I don't like nothing beating on there. Uh I don't like e- something dripping off the house on a like a lid or something just throwed under there making a racket. No. Interviewer: Pretty aggravating 472: I get up come in and get out there and move it. Interviewer: {NW} You ever see these things that people have on the side of their roof? {NS} You know they'll take the rainwater off? 472: Them troughs. Yeah. I think they got a new name for their troughs now. We called 'em troughs. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: They I think they call them another name {X} Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah I I cleaned 'em out over here. People on the streets you know. stopped us. {X} Interviewer: Well you know some of these houses that have different slopes of the roof a place where two different slopes would meet like that 472: That's that's what they call a uh gutter. Call them gutters. {NW} Interviewer: I see. You ever been up on a roof having to put on new shingles or anything? 472: {NW} Oh lord {NS} Yeah. I've been up on that one right there putting a new top on it. Sure did. Teared the other one off {X} Interviewer: Beg your pardon 472: Where where the nail the limb uh big old paper nails? Interviewer: {NW} 472: {X} tearing that off getting tear all the way off that lumber Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: {NW} that'll work you boy. You just have to taking a grubbing hole and chop 'em off of there knock 'em off. You know we've had a mess with that. So when we put it back on there and we put we didn't even put no belt {X} we just put the uh tar paper on there right down on the roof on the lumber and then I tarred it and every other year I put tar on it. {X} {NS} Made another one {X} Interviewer: I see. 472: {X} Interviewer: You know on these uh frame houses. They'll have these boards on the outside and they're fixed so that they kinda overlap each other like that? You ever heard that called anything? 472: Outside sealing or uh weatherboarding. That's uh what that {X} that's the way that one is. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Weatherboarded outside. Now and let's see there's uh oh {NW} weatherboarding's all I've ever heared I've heard about that. Interviewer: {X} what about shiplap? You ever heard of that? 472: No I didn't never learnt that one. Interviewer: #1 {D: Uh-huh.} # 472: #2 Ship- # lap. Interviewer: I see. Did uh people who lived around here did they ever have any little sheds or places little houses out back where they might keep tools or firewood? 472: hey yeah. {X} These folks got a little shed back there me and the boy uh we fixed it up nicely and you know somebody come along and throw fire in there one night. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yeah. And we had to pull the wood. {NW} And it caught fire and it was really burning. Really going. And uh two of the boys from college about one to two o'clock at night they worked from down here at the commons. They come along and uh discovered it. And uh come down here and woke the ladies up. I told her about it. And they took some uh took the little a hose and tried to out it but they couldn't do nothing with it. And it done burned up and burned into the other little house and had to call a firetruck. I woke up and that firetruck coming in here and boy I was upset I got outta here Interviewer: I guess so. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 472: Uh we've actually got it out but the wood is some of the wood we had that's hollow under it you know? It had got a fire under it and the water couldn't get to it. Mankind they used a hole tank of water out trying to get that fire out but eventually broke it out and knocked the back end out got it got to where they could get the water to flow. {X} Interviewer: Y'all had a little excitement around here. 472: Sure did for {NS} a while. {X} uh they had to woke up the mighty just the big house apart I reckon Interviewer: {NW} {X} 472: Yeah. The wind's been migh- the wind especially is burning up. Burning high. Interviewer: {D: Yes sir.} If I asked you about an expression say if if somebody came into your um {NS} front room and left the door wide open and you didn't want it to stay that way what would tell him to do? 472: Huh? Interviewer: He just walked in left the door wide open. 472: I would ask him to close it. If it needed to be closed. That's the way I the way I see it. {NS} I'd just ask him to close it. Interviewer: Ever heard of people saying anything else? Close it or 472: Shut the door or Interviewer: Shut the door? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you think any one was more polite than the other one? 472: Huh? Interviewer: One uh close the door or shut the door would one of those be any more polite than the other one? Nicer way of saying it? 472: Oh no. {NS} I - I don't think either way it'd amount to anything either way because they both mean the same thing. Close and shut. Interviewer: Well tell me around here before people had indoor plumbing {NS} did they have a toilet out back? 472: Sure right Interviewer: What was that called? Well it's called a they call it toilets. Outdoor toilets. Place to go. 472: You still see those every now and then don't you? Yeah occasionally you do. Of course I had to use one of 'em when I was {X} Interviewer: Ever heard that called a outhouse? 472: Yeah uh some people will call it that but a outhouse is like this little house here. It's what I've always {NS} heard them called. Carry it out to the outhouse. Interviewer: alright 472: Go to the outhouse and get such-and-such. Interviewer: Just a little storage place? 472: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Around here what kind of buildings did people have on their farms? 472: Just old plain boarded houses most of 'em until things got booming and they got to making a lot of money and then they got to building the nice homes. And sometime I think about seem like the people thinks they gonna stay here forever you know they {NW} build them brick homes and have everything uh look like to last forever if they get it that way. And they spend a lot of money you know what I'm trying to say. They make good money but they spend a lot. And a lot of them making good money they overdo the thing they get these fine homes and it costs so much now 'til uh they'll break down and build up poor man now you see {X} Because they expensive it's too high. They can't. They won't {X} Interviewer: #1 Yes sir. # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Where would farmers around here keep their apples? If they want to keep 'em inside somewhere? {NS} 472: Uh so that they don't allow no more in town. {NS} They have to get out of town. Interviewer: Well I mean like if you own a farm 472: Oh. Interviewer: out in the country 472: Yeah you'd have to have you a barn. A place to store something. Put your grain for {X} to have a barn. Interviewer: Do you keep cows in the barn? 472: Yeah. Yo- they got to where now they uh have these big uh farms. Some of 'em even got dairy farms to keep the cows under 'em {X} and uh so you gonna have to have some uh buildings separate to keep your gain in you know such as corn grills and hay. You got to have some place to put your hay. Either up in a barn loft or make a hay rack. Interviewer: What's that? 472: Uh that's s-put your {X} take down pile the hay around keep piling it around. Piling it around. And then you take your pitchfork pull it down on each side good and uh then when the rain falls on it they won't leave it just a little bit lost. and it'll just come hit that and just drain off you see the way the grass gets out there. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a haystack? 472: That's what it is a haystack. Haystack. {NS} Interviewer: Did y'all ever have any riding animals when you were growing up? 472: Yeah uh long towards last daddy owned a horse uh and we had something to ride as a boy. Interviewer: Do you like to ride horses? 472: Yeah I used to I wouldn't like to now I don't like it's whatever I used to like to ride. Interviewer: If you had a farm out in the country and you had horses where would you keep them inside? Like if you had bad weather? 472: Well you'd have to have a big pasture and fix a big shed for them to go under. Uh some stalls for them to go in Or you might have to put 'em in the stalls cuz if two or three get in there together and tear it down you have to kinda separate 'em and uh put 'em in like that. Interviewer: Was there any s- uh special place on a farm where you'd milk your cows? 472: Uh nothing but have a barn have a little shed somewhere to put 'em under. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did y'all ever do much milking? Well we owned a cow all our life. Milk cow. Good milk cow. All our lives and uh was growing up and sometime it come bad weather we didn't have no shed. Just had a big pen and uh just before sundown at at rains it might would stop. Oh it'll stop about time to milk the cow and most of the time it would. And m- white milk. That worked out right. 472: Yeah. It worked out right. I've noticed that lots. Interviewer: Did she ever uh when she was milking the cow say something to it to make it be still? 472: {X} yeah. Yeah sometimes. Especially in the summertime when the flies are bad and she'd have a time with them flies That cow moving about knocking the flies. {X} Interviewer: She wouldn't say anything in particular to it though to 472: No she wouldn't say anything much. Uh maybe the old cow just swish her tail around and hit her in the face. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Knocking the fly and she get after about that. Interviewer: You ever heard people uh say saw to 'em? 472: Saw yeah! Uh I saw a lady one time had some cows to milk and one of 'em was bad to kick. And uh somehow or another she fastened a put a stick between her her hoofs and I don't know how she managed but she she left that stick bill against her side and it was between her hooves and when uh she tried to kick then she couldn't kick She wouldn't kick. Interviewer: {NW} 472: When {X} Some of 'em couldn't milk cow won't even make you even milk 'em. hardly unless you put 'em in a bray Interviewer: What's that? 472: That's a place built for them to go in you know? And you got a {NS} you got a little window there to milk 'em by. Now and uh see when one goes to kick you you can jerk your hand by it. Right out of the way That's a bray. If you uh some of 'em you can't milk 'em without having 'em in the bray. Some of 'em whenever you ain't got 'em in a bray if you feed 'em and they eat that feed before you get through milking 'em well that's all of it you don't get no more milk. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 472: You put more feed in there you know? Some of 'em been has uh trained their calves from little fellers. Small uh to keep 'em away until they get through milking 'em. They have a little stick you know? Bump 'em with it. Keep him back And the calves soon trained that he won't come there if she gets away. And he'll come a running then back to mother. Now maybe some of ems trained to eat with the mother. Before I were to milk 'em. Yeah that's the way to train 'em. Stop {X} Interviewer: Did you ever like if a cow was expecting to have a calf any expression that you mi- a farmer might use he might say that cow's gonna 472: Come fresh. Come fresh. Or she'll be fresh in such-and-such a length of time. Interviewer: Right. What were some of the animals that you'd have on the farms around here? 472: {NW} {NW} the saying is that you ha- you could have a sorry pangs a goat. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} {NW} Have goats and uh uh cows and horses. And mules. And uh no it ain't no farm got no sheep hardly. I haven't saw no farm with a sheep. Unless they had a place special for them. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: That pasture place that {X} That's about all that I know. Interviewer: When you're talking about a herd a cattle what what do people call the male animal? 472: Well the proper name is beast. A big beast. But I noticed in these days they got to where they say that's big old bull over yonder. Yeah they got a big bull. Old primer bull and a old white-faced bull and all that you know they just come up with it plain. Interviewer: In other words it used to be that it wasn't polite to say bull? 472: Uh no people was mighty careful about how they talked about animals like that. Big old beast. They wouldn't hardly say bull they'd say uh they got a big old beast out there. And that old beast'll fight you something like that they they wouldn't say much about a bull. Or they would hear that word. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: But it's common now you know. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah. Um Interviewer: Well what about horses what'd they call the male horse? 472: Stallions. The male horses they called 'em stallions. Interviewer: Can you remember a time when it wasn't polite to say uh stallion or stud or Uh I've seen a time it wasn't right t- it wasn't plain to say uh stud. We'd say stallion. 472: Call 'em studs. And I guess they had a reason for that it sounds too plain and too familiar. Stud horse. Uh they call 'em stallions. I guess that's why. Interviewer: What about the female what'd they call her? 472: Well males and females they just call her a female. They wouldn't call her any other name. I don't think. Interviewer: Did you ever say mare? 472: Yeah they call 'em mares yeah they had to name 'em that way mares. Uh instead of female they'd say mare. Stallion and mares and {X} Interviewer: I see. You say there weren't uh too many sheep raised around these parts. 472: No. Sure wasn't. That old place I call we- we'd call Quincy you know? Uh they raised the man out there had some sheep Uh a few sheep at his house in a lot like. The last time I was through there {X} uh the sheep was still there but the old people was dead and gone. The younger generations keep 'em. I like sheep they're pretty things. And they clean and nice. Interviewer: What do people usually raise 'em for? 472: Well you can raise 'em for to sell or you can raise 'em to uh sell the wool. Cut the wool and sell it. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Shear it what they call shearing you know? Shear the sheep. Certain times of the year. Interviewer: Do you remember what people call the male sheep? 472: Yeah. Called him a ram. {NS} Interviewer: It's okay to say that? 472: And it yeah and it the uh female they call 'em 'em ewes. Old ewes. Interviewer: Oh I see. 472: A- and a and a deer now and a place calling a her any other name they call her a a doe. Call a sheep {X} {X} females {X} Interviewer: Yes sir. I see. Have you ever uh been around a farmer when he was calling to his cows to get 'em to come in from the pasture? And he'd just stand out there and holler? Yeah. Yeah. And uh. I saw 'em go in the woods way back yonder they had cattle in the woods people had lots cattle in the woods. Alright. They'd take a um uh salt and bring it out in sacks of salt. And these big logs I was telling you about {X} and they'd they'd pour this salt on them logs and uh on stumps whatever they could find to put it on and holler and those cows'd come from every which way {NW} 472: just lowing you know. They'd come to get that salt. Yeah. And uh down here to about Atlanta where I used to stay uh it's usually had a lotta cows in the pasture to go about a mile or two down the river a- {X} it's a long ways and he could get out there and holler and just a few times you'd see them cows a coming one right behind the other up a trail. And they'd come 'til they'd get get there to get that feed or salt whatever you had for 'em to eat. Interviewer: {X} 472: But man they were a site to look at coming up that river bank. Interviewer: Do you remember what the farmer said when he yelled to 'em? 472: Well he'd just hoot and holler any way. And they {X} Interviewer: Didn't say something like soo cow or something like that? 472: Uh no he'd just call 'em holler and uh they would uh come. They knew his voice and about the time of the day. And they would come when he hollered. And I remember she hadn't called 'em by no names {X} but they would come. Interviewer: Do you remember what he what he sounded like? 472: {NW} No not hardly. Just his voice. Interviewer: Yeah. He was just yelling at 'em. 472: Yeah yelling. They'd come. Interviewer: People used to plow with mules and horses around here didn't they? 472: That's all. Sure did. They even brought 'em to make gardens with them Stock like that. Mules. Horses And it we had one man here in town that proud- didn't do noth- well there's two or three here in town that didn't do nothing else but garden for people. Come break the land for 'em and lay off the rows if they wanted him to. And uh help 'em every way they could. And then they could handle the rest of it. Interviewer: Do you remember what the man would say to his mules when he was plowing with 'em if he wanted 'em to turn? 472: Gee and haw. Yeah. Interviewer: Which was which? 472: G- uh gee was the right and haw was the left. {X} Interviewer: I see. Say if if a man had some horses out in his pasture and he wanted 'em to come to him what would he do or say? Well we used to have a horse. She was blind. We had her in a big pasture and there's a lotta stumps big old stumps that he left out there when he cut the timber long years ago. And we'd {X} get out there and holler come here Molly! And beat on the trough just hit on the trough and she'd stick her head out that way just stick her nose way out ahead over that way and when she'd right one of them stumps we'd say {NW} and she'd stop and turn Every time we'd sh- she knows she gonna hit something you see? {NW} 472: And I been on and run her out in the woods come to a log and just like one could see. Interviewer: {NW} 472: All I done is just say {NW} jerk up on the line like that and boy she'd jump And I could run her down a highway and turn her out and run her up a bank. She wouldn't fall down. Interviewer: Huh. 472: Just jerk up on that line and she'd jump up in the air. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: I don't know. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Train her you know. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And you could be a driving her down the highway and she'd come to a store she'd stop. {NS} She'd sure stop {NS} and then keep on going. She'd smell that store. She'd knowed she'd got to that store. Interviewer: That was a smart {X} 472: Yeah they're smart. Well you take a blind person that makes you think about it. You put 'em in a house and they get used to everything. They get about in there about as good as a man can see I mean you know get everything to where they know where it's at. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And they know things by touches. They learn it. So that's the way that horse was. She was real good Interviewer: You know sometimes when people are feeding their pigs or chickens they'll kinda talk to 'em when they feed 'em? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever heard what do they say? Uh around here when they're doing that? 472: {NW} Well I get to talking to these squirrels around here sometime and I call that one down that's got the babies? Come here momma Get you something to eat Interviewer: {NW} 472: And uh go out there and get me a {D: cone} and knock 'em together. Come on. Or anything I got in my hand. Come on. Get you something to eat. And here she come. She come a running. You tap whatever it is to eat. Yeah you can train 'em up like that. Sometimes the way she asks me for something to eat she comes and scratch on my screen. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yeah. Climb on my screen. Interviewer: Come ask for it. 472: and I'd come out there I'd say what are you doing out there anyhow? And she's uh she'd look around see if she could see me through the screen and she'd hang on the screen and I said alright get down I'll go get you something to eat. And she'll jump off on the ground and I'll go on out there and call her and she'll come on out there and get up and come. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Or sometimes she's out there on the ladder and I raise my window in the kitchen and bump on the window with a pecan or something or other and boy she hits the ground and here she come get up that ladder. I had two or three trained like that but they give you a lot of trouble. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Come too often. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. I enjoy fooling with 'em. And the chickens you can train them too. And I tell you the uh real bottom of the whole thing in that line if anything around you your chickens your hogs your cows your dogs or anything you have around you alive whenever you that you're a sinner and return to the Lord every one of 'em knows it. They know it when you surrender to the Lord they know you. They know you was uh nice to 'em. And they'll follow you around. Sure will. Anything like that. They'll follow you around and they they just love you because you good to 'em you see. You won't be harsh on 'em no more. You take these little children out at this {X} run outta the house everyday. It made me wanna cry She shoulda walked to the door or walked in there and said children don't stay in the house like this and play get outside and play. Or whatever they're doing. And uh don't do that no more. And you got to be strict in what you tell 'em tell 'em the truth and they'll learn you to it and they'll love you for it. But if you harsh stomp at 'em all the time well it narrows 'em up and i- they don't know which way to go and what to do about it hardly. But if you'll be real nice to 'em they'll heed more. They'll love you. And you'll love them too. This day and time it just got so rough so many rough one's 'til it it's been bad uh what do you call it on the whole town it's bad. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: I've known 'em here in this town {X} have them high jobs. Man the woman work work work work come in at in the in the in the uh weekends. Well they don't work on Saturday they get everything done as much as they can alright and Sunday morning they done dead or sleep. They sit up late and you know I've known 'em to turn them children out on the street. {NW} Interviewer: Yes I have. I've known 'em to turn 'em out on the streets here in Bay Minette And they's little things'd come all over town they go every which way you know the little childs. {X} And {NS} they just turn 'em out {X} {NS} They don't seem to care. 472: No uh they just they just about dead from sleep you know? And they just turn 'em out where there won't be no racket them little children lay down there in the night and go to sleep. And they get their sleep. Alright and whenever they get up then before daylight uh they wanna get up at daylight. Uh and the parents got to sleep they wanna sleep late. And they're making this much racket. {NW} Until they they'll run 'em out of there. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And shut the door. I've heard of that. A lot of places in Bay Minette. Interviewer: Okay you were talking about uh talking to your squirrels. You ever heard people like if they're feeding pigs say here piggy piggy piggy piggy something like that? 472: Yeah. Yeah call the pig. And uh they'll come. {NS} Interviewer: How w- how would they say that? Was it uh 472: Well some of 'em call a {NS} {X} you know in that way. And some of 'em will talk low calling pigs. And uh and they you can train them by beating on the trough and they'll come from every direction to that trough when they hear that. They know you got something for 'em to eat. Interviewer: What about chickens? What would they say to their chickens? 472: Uh they'd just call him by his right name. I reckon. Call him chicky chicky chicky and yeah they come. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Here they come. Interviewer: You know that uh sound that a horse makes? What would you say it it was doing {X} 472: When it blows his nose? Interviewer: Uh yeah something like that. 472: Yeah that's what they do. Interviewer: You say listen to that horse 472: Snort. Interviewer: Snort. 472: Yeah. Yeah snort or blowing his nose. {NW} Interviewer: In fact is that the same thing as a whinny or whicker? 472: No a whicker's different. He's got a squealing noise he makes when he whickers. Yeah. He d- he don't do that either. He just whickers. Interviewer: What is that for? How does he feel when he's uh 472: Well that's that his mating noise Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 472: #2 mostly. # Interviewer: I see. 472: Or some of 'em'll whicker uh learn to whicker for feed too. Get your attention. And then they see another horse they answer. And the other one'll answer him back {X} more alike. If they'll answer one another that way. And she'll whicker for her colt. Be in the other pa- part of the pasture and she work 'til that colt comes. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} 472: And uh get his dinner whatever it is. Interviewer: Did you ever heard uh a calf make a kind of a what would you say he does? 472: Bleat? Call it bleating I reckon. Interviewer: Yes sir. {X} 472: Sometime they'll uh have a moaning kind of a groan you know? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Old cows will groan for the calves. And the calves come when they groan to 'em. Really. Interviewer: We were talking about male and female animals what about the when a hog gets full grown you know a full-grown male hog? What would you call him? 472: {NW} His proper name's boar. Big old boar hog or whatever you must say it Interviewer: There's 472: Large one. And uh but then they call 'em males. Big male. Interviewer: Yes sir. {NS} I see. Can you get w- when one's uh just after it's born when it's real small you'd call that a 472: Call you'd call him {X} just a little s- little small male. Uh it was so many males so many sows. Interviewer: Or just a little pig or 472: Yeah when they're little pigs. So many. Interviewer: Is there something in between a a little pig and a full-grown one? Just a little larger than a pig you call him something else? 472: Yeah. Yeah you call him {D: shoats} {X} Interviewer: About how big does he have to get before he's a 472: Oh about uh thirty twenty-five thirty pounds I reckon. He getting up there. Oh I say twenty pounds. Interviewer: I see. 472: {D: Shirley pig you know.} {D: Called him Shirley pig!} Interviewer: {D: Shirley pig.} 472: {D: Yeah. Shirley pig.} He gets on up there and then they call him big {D: shopes}. Interviewer: Right. What about females? What do you call those? {NS} 472: Well you'd they what? Interviewer: A female hog? 472: Oh call them sows. Sows. Interviewer: You ever seen these {NS} um {NS} male hogs that had these old long uh 472: {X} Tushes? Yes sir. I've saw 'em that long. Interviewer: Around six inches? {NS} 472: Yeah. Saw the whole tooth. {NW} Two of 'em I forgot where that was too. {NS} I'd like to get hold to some of them things they're sure something. {NS} You know wild hogs they go I mean they'll be wild if it's very big {NS} {X} {NS} wild like you know. {NS} And them old wild boars will cut the uh {NS} walk up to a pine sapling {NS} like that and just cut the bark off of it with them tushes Interviewer: What'll do that? 472: That them hogs. {NS} {X} Yeah there's one with {NS} yeah. {NS} I can sh- carry you down here on the {X} {NS} back in on them ridges {NS} and they don't build beds like these {NS} tame hogs. And wild and so on. They just {NS} build a just a little old common bed. They don't they don't build no big fine beds like these {X} used to. Just a little old flat place to lie. Interviewer: I see. I guess when you had hog-killing time you had to uh get those stiff hairs off their back uh 472: Oh yes put 'em in {X} and water Interviewer: Yeah. 472: took all of it off. You had to scrape it off. {X} But if you have your water too hot you about to know about that too if you get your water too hot you're set to have it. And that's all of it then. {NS} Might'n you have to skin the hog. Interviewer: Hmm. 472: When you set the hair to th- aft- you can't get it off unless you cut it off. Interviewer: Oh. 472: Like a razor you know. Interviewer: That's called sitting the hairs. 472: Alright. {NS} Yeah. {NS} And uh you can't get it out cause it won't come out. It's done set. And you cut it off then with a sharp knife well it's still in that skin some people like to eat that skin you know when they fry the meat. Interviewer: Yes sir. {NS} 472: So you near about got the skin in those pieces. You set the hair before you have it all the hair out of it. Interviewer: Right. {NS} You ever heard of people call those stiff hairs anything in particular? 472: Yeah. Bristles. Interviewer: Bristles. 472: Bristles. Yeah. {NS} Call them bristles. Yeah I heard 'em say that hog's mad look at his bristles. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Standing up. Interviewer: {NW} 472: That's about right Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 472: #2 {X} # And they bristles'll come up. {NS} Specially if a dog comes around. {NS} Interviewer: Don't like those dogs huh? 472: Oh they'll take a dog around like that. {NW} If you ever catch a little pig where that old sow is you gonna see something too she gonna make you throw that pig down. {NW} You wished you hadn't. Interviewer: {NW} They'll be getting after you huh? 472: When that pig squeal you better be doing something. Getting outta the way. Interviewer: {NW} You were telling me the other day about a place where you could store potatoes and 472: Yeah Interviewer: Could you tell me about that again? 472: Well yeah You can uh it it'll be well you wouldn't need a long big bank if you just raised a few like I do every now and then. Um just make a little round bank call it a little round potato bank and fix it up so you can cover 'em up in the winter. {NS} Where they won't freeze. And then you can build a little house {D: concern} about oh I'd say fourteen-inches high and then build you a top on it. Get you a good roof on it. Put your straw in there and then you can um cut to bring you some straw then and get in there and cover 'em. Good and deep with that straw. And uh used to you use 'em then you see you scratch the straw off of 'em and throw it out. Just keep keep scratching out. Until you get 'em all out. Interviewer: What did you call that place? 472: Call that a a potato hill or a a little round one you call a potato hill. Then a then a long one they call 'em potato banks. Interviewer: {X} 472: Big bank of 'em you know? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: It's called potato house. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah I've heard my uncle say look in the tater house and get such-and-such out of there somebody's laid something in there or something-or-other. Now go up to that tater house and get your momma some taters. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: What different kinds of potatoes did you grow? 472: Well I always grow uh mostly white ones. And uh then I then I like red ones. I'd grow grow both kinds when I grow 'em. I have both kinds. The white ones and the red ones the red ones you get sweet quicker. But the if it's your last the white ones are way better than the red ones. And you put that potato in that stove cook it that {NS} candy comes out of it. And get that butter. Good old home-raised butter I call it. You got something to work {X} Interviewer: Are those white ones the same as Irish potatoes? 472: No yeah they they white just like Irish potatoes. Or they long. Long. But they not they just taste different from Irish potatoes. {X} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Those red ones are those sweet potatoes? 472: Yeah they call a lotta the red ones Jersey Sweets. There's Jersey Sweets and then they have a {NS} bunch a potato they call they call 'em bunch a potatoes. And then they have uh Puerto Rican then they have uh {NS} nigger-killer. Interviewer: A what? 472: Nigger-killer. {NS} Interviewer: I've never heard of that. 472: Well you oughta have some I mean I wish you could have some and taste a Interviewer: It's a type of 472: #1 I can # Interviewer: #2 potato? # 472: Yeah That's the sweetest potato you can eat. Interviewer: Hmm. 472: Nigger-killers call 'em. Interviewer: I wonder why they call 'em that. 472: I don't know why they call 'em that. But when you get 'em they uh I reckon the reason yeah why they call 'em that they so dry. And you about you near about crumble 'em up they're so dry. Interviewer: Is 472: #1 When you # Interviewer: #2 that right? # 472: cook 'em. yeah That's right. Interviewer: Huh. 472: But sweet. Oh they sure are. They young just like other potatoes. But they they call 'em nigger-killers. Interviewer: Interesting. 472: Now I reckon there's just somebody named 'em long years ago maybe they after something-or-another. I don't why they named 'em like that. Nigger-killers. Interviewer: Well what do you reckon uh I notice that you referred to those people the darkies one time what do you reckon they prefer to be called nowadays? 472: Oh they they call 'em black people now black. By the noun that's right people. Interviewer: But if you wanted to get one upset you'd call him a 472: Well now I've been told by a nigger. A negro. Uh he said I'll tell you what about it. He says we we says we black people says we got we have niggers {NS} with us. {NS} Says we are negroes but says there are niggers. {NS} He said we don't want y'all to call us niggers. Says we hate a nigger. Now that's what that one told me one time. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Said we hate them say they are so mean. Said we just don't like 'em said we don't want to be called that and other people does call us all niggers. Says {X} It's negroes and there are niggers. And uh it put a thought to my mind there. You know where's some of 'em is real dark real black. And uh now I sure can't with the black one over here and {X} Used to be my buddy up at the mill you know. When I was {NS} not watching up. {NS} Now he is just as nice as he can be. But anyhow they they are uh they don't wanna be called that them other kind. They'd rather you wouldn't call 'em niggers. Just call 'em darkies or colored people or something. So you won't upset 'em more. Well you can't blame 'em in a way I reckon {NW} He got a point there. Interviewer: You ever heard 'em call each other nigger? 472: Yes sir I sure have. Had a lotta fun there at that mill. One time there was three I'd call 'em good-looking colored women come {NS} in there to the mill come down the mill yard. They was going down to visit a house somewhere down there. And there's two or three of these men {X} out there. He was one of 'em. And there's two more there with us at the lumber ramp. And one of 'em says to 'em said do you know what them good-looking girls coming yonder good-looking women. Says yeah. And uh one of 'em says oh no I mi- I mi- might not need to put this on {X} Interviewer: No that's okay we can talk about you doing this 472: {NW} One of 'em says to the other say Lord! Said I'd swim the Atlantic for that yonder {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # And uh so Interviewer: {NW} 472: So and he done and said it. Nigga! {NW} Said wh- what you doing? Said that's my wife! {NW} That's my wife! Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # There wasn't no kin to it. Interviewer: They said the wrong thing. 472: Yeah but he he but he wasn't no kin they wasn't no kin they was tra- strangers I think. But he told him he said that's my wife. He just done that you know? Course he told his {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I reckon {X} scared the other one. 472: You know if us white people'd have fun like them you know I {X} They really like a lotta {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} 472: And they'll meet one another's wife out there and just talk to her you know and won't call her honey and all that stuff. Interviewer: Goodness. 472: Yeah they just have a big time. Interviewer: {NW} Have you ever heard you know of a 472: {NW} Interviewer: of a say a a racially-mixed couple maybe one white one black if they'd have a child what that child would be called? 472: Uh just a mixed-breed. Interviewer: Mixed-breed? 472: Mixed-breed. Or mulatto have you ever heard that? Interviewer: I hate to say that but we got that right here. Oh here in Bay Minnette? 472: Well right above here. And there was two come out I think got married at the courthouse or two could get married and they wouldn't marry 'em. Interviewer: Oh really? 472: I believe that's the way it was. Yeah. That's what I heard. Interviewer: {NW} It used to be unheard of didn't it? 472: Yeah. I don't I wouldn't like I wouldn't want to {X} mix like that. I I was I'd rather not do that. {X} Interviewer: I guess it'd make it kind of hard on the child. 472: I know it does. In the future it would. You know it would. Yeah. Sure would. But you see Satan's working. Satan just does anything you know uh you just get right in a person and they gonna do anyway he wants 'em to. And that's what that some people do things that a way just to get revenge. And the Bible says the vengeance is mine I will repay thee says the Lord when I come. He take care of all of that revenge. {X} do things {X} for revengeance Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 That's # Interviewer: what? 472: So that I don't believe there's much you can mention or talk about unless it's a reason for it. We'd find a reason for it. Interviewer: Talking about names for people have you ever heard a colored man if he got mad at a white man he might call him something or if he was joking about it? 472: Uh yeah. Some t- yeah a lotta people carried on a lotta junk and foolishness. {NS} And call 'em a one old satchel banks And uh first one who was jumping another but when he comes right down to the test then they they talk right about it you know they won't call one another you know? Interviewer: Ever ever heard the word peckerwood used? 472: Yeah Interviewer: The so-and-so was just an old peckerwood? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What does that mean? 472: Uh well he just like an old bird flying around making noise the tree or something I reckon. {NS} {D: That's the} way I'd see that. Interviewer: Would that be uh an insulting term 472: #1 Yeah! # Interviewer: #2 to call # somebody or 472: Uh yeah it'd be kinda {X} old peckerwood you. Uh old knotted-head or something like that you know. Call 'em old names like that. Well it's a kind of a {D: by-word.) But there's a scripture on that. Me and you will have to give an account according to God's word of every foolish word we talk. Every foolish word we got to give an account for at judgment day. Other words our light is what counts with God. If it's not in his presence it's all booked against us the way I see the scriptures. And judgment day comes up. And whichever way it is is what's going to be before you. Other words I'm I'm a doing my judgment right now. I I'm I'm in my judgment right now. {NS} And uh if it's a good judgment I'll be judged good but if it's bad judgment I'll be I'll be condemned. That's right that's the way it go. Well I hear 'em say just one way to the pearly gates and that's the right way. Somebody say how's that? I say well it's just the right way. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 472: So just one way and that's right. Interviewer: You know when uh sometimes when people who live out in the country come into town maybe on Saturday or something like that to to do business? Sometimes you'll see the people who live in town in town kinda poke fun at 'em behind their back? 472: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Because # 472: they look a little different or talk a little different? Yeah. Well there's where the pride comes in Interviewer: Have you ever heard 'em call 'em anything say just look at him he's no 472: {D: Slots} or yeah, old slots. You know he can do better than that and all that you know? {X} Well there's reasons to all things. A lot of 'em can do better but there ain't no use talk about 'em right away you just try to {NS} condemn him {NS} always you meet people like that you give 'em a smile and uh talk good to 'em. {X} And stay clean before. That's what kinda {X} but now a lot of 'em stay clean before me then talk about me cuz I don't go clean or something-or-another they always see what the trouble is behind that. Yeah. Not not not t- talk about the Interviewer: Have you ever heard 'em call well he's just an old country hick or old country hoosier or something like 472: Yeah that's right. He's just an old country hoosier. Yeah. Interviewer: Ever ever heard the word redneck used? 472: Redneck. Interviewer: Redneck. He's an old redneck. 472: No. Interviewer: Never heard a that 472: Yeah once or twice that just you know it just he's just a old redneck yeah. An old redheads and uh old sandy head you know all that. Interviewer: {NW} 472: No good. Interviewer: Right. 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: {X} Interviewer: Talking about a working class white man uh the man that he works for he'd say that's my 472: Oh {X} well that's you talking about like I'd talk about my my uh uh office man? Interviewer: Or when you answer your call 472: Uh yeah my boss. Uh-huh. Yeah. Uh let's see I'd be his employee or what. Interviewer: What about a a working class black man whose man that he works for he'd say that's my {C: silence} Interviewer: {NS} I was just wondering if uh you'd ever heard of a colored man refer to a white man as a captain or something like that. Or a bossman or 472: Yeah. Yeah hello there boss yeah. That's my bossman. {NS} Now that's the captain on a boat What you have. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} t- uh you were talking about uh cows that uh you'd find 'em in the woods sometimes? So people didn't used to always have fences around their property? 472: Uh huh {NW} most of 'em a- wa- if they had a if they had uh fences rou- they had to have it uh gardens fenced up you see. Interviewer: Yes- 472: #1 {D: Of} # Interviewer: #2 sir. # 472: patches or uh a acre or two of ground fenced in to keep 'em keep 'em from getting into there. Now they used to build fences outta rails split rails out of those timbers I was telling you about be on the ground you know? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Uh you'd go cut a tree down and split it up into rails and build a rail fence around the acres {D: so ground} And uh maybe use it for a cow pen uh during the summer. During the winter. And then that summer then they fence them cows outta there and break that ground and plant vegetables of all kinds in there. And then they had to have a stake-and-rider on that fence to keep 'em from jumping over it you see. Interviewer: That was on the rail fence? 472: Uh yeah the rail fence a stake-and-rider you see put them two s- rails down like that in the ground Interviewer: Kinda like an X? 472: Uh like this and then lay one across it this way. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Eve- ever {NS} town almost had one of these stakes across it. Interviewer: I see. That keep 'em from jumping over 472: Yeah they wouldn't jump the fence. {NS} Keep 'em out of it. Interviewer: {X} {NS} 472: Yeah they'd eat up the crops. {X} {NS} cuz that rail fence was all they had {NS} to protect the land. protect those vegetables {NS} Interviewer: {X} {NS} Was there a t- time that uh you didn't have to have fences around your property and the animals could just uh roam free? 472: No. I don't know of that. I sure don't know of that uh cuz if they ever come across something or another well sometime one {NW} they used to get loose here in town they'd soon catch him cuz he'd get into people's gardens. Eat up stuff. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you I don't guess you see too many of those rail fences any more do you? 472: No I sure don't. I don't see that many rail fences. Interviewer: Well what what other kind of wooden fences would you have nowadays? 472: Well you have to have planks. Plank fences. {NS} Planks. Interviewer: Ever seen these little uh fences that are usually painted white and they usually come to a point at the top? 472: Oh you're talking about picket fences. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah. Yeah my father used to1 {D: drive out} pickets for his garden. Put 'em all the way around his garden. Cut {D: ladder} you know and nail the picket to the {D: lad} All the way around his garden. And uh that's called a picket fence. Interviewer: Yes sir. Well if people don't have wooden fences nowadays what do they use? 472: Wire. They'll use wire. Interviewer: Different kinds? 472: Well it's there's {X} different grades of wire. You can buy any kinda grade you want. And they uh use this heavy wire for the stock. Interviewer: {X} 472: Fence against the stock. And put barbs on top. And the- they build a hog pasture out of this stout wire if they'll put a put a barb at the bottom where he can't root under it. Interviewer: {X} 472: {X} {NW} Interviewer: That'll take care of {X} 472: Yeah that takes care of that. But eventually he'll stretch that wire somewhere and get through there. Uh come out between someway. He's about as much on the outside as he is inside. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 {D: This day and age} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh # 472: #2 He # just a hog and he just goes. Interviewer: Yes sir. {NW} 472: Seem like he's hunting something to eat all time Interviewer: {NW} 472: I have seen 'em laying up in the shade a little bit but {X} they don't lay there long. Interviewer: Have you ever seen uh around here a a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock? {NS} 472: No I hadn't noticed a stone fence nowhere. Interviewer: Just don't have those around here? 472: No don't have no stone fences that I know of. {X} They got a a wire a big stout wire now Let me see what they call that. Around people's yard they put around there now let me see what thing they call that. They can buy that uh it's called some kind of fence I know. But I forgot what they call it. Interviewer: Not a hurricane fence. 472: No. {X} I could think a that. Oh chain link. Interviewer: Chain link yeah that's right. 472: Yeah chain link I couldn't think about that. Interviewer: I couldn't either. 472: Chain link fence is what I was talking about. Yeah they love them things. {X} Interviewer: Is there much cotton grown in this area these days? 472: No there's not too much around now. Interviewer: Did you ever do any work with the in the cotton field? 472: Yeah. Up around the {X} up in there. picked cotton. {NS} Uh I got a few little stalks out there now it's just beginning to open. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Uh-huh. Just beginning to open. I'm trying to get enough to make me a good pillow out of 'em. I got some chords in there to chord it. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Get the seed out. I'll have me a good pillow. Got a little in that cotton now that I've been fooling around but this year I got pretty good little hopes of finishing up my pillow. {NS} Got about a dozen stalks out there I reckon. Two Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And it is loaded. Interviewer: Do you ever have any trouble with uh grass growing in your cotton field? Uh 472: Yeah Interviewer: rid of it? 472: Yeah in the cotton. Corn. Garden. Interviewer: What do you call that stuff? What is it uh? 472: Oh well it's all kinds of grass grows. And uh this here uh mostly after you cultivate it lay it by this {D: pursley} comes up what they call {D: pursely}? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Clover is there right now. Clover. They calls it {D: pursley} but it's a clover. I've always heard it clover. And uh it'll come make big bunches. And if you got some hogs or chickens or something to feed it to you pull in big bunches of you'll throw it in the pen and lord they'll eat it like sugar Interviewer: {NW} 472: Well they'll eat it up. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And it'll fatten a hog. It'll fatten it. {D: Putting it to in there} Interviewer: You said lay it by what does that mean? 472: Laying a car- laying a crop by yeah. {NS} Laying it by is through plowing through working. {NS} It's just there. Interviewer: Oh you finished with it? 472: Yeah finish. Yeah. Interviewer: Doesn't need anymore 472: No. Interviewer: tending to it. 472: Uh-uh. It's laid by then. {NS} And sometimes the weeds or that {D: pursely} come after you lay by. Interviewer: I see. Well if somebody says that he's gonna chop cotton what does that mean? 472: Well that means thin cotton. Thin and chopping divide all the same you see. It both goes together. You uh chop cotton that's thinning it. Making it where there ain't two pick in a row you know? Thicker it is the more fertilized and more i- takes more strength. But if you got it where it's right distance apart well it'll make a big stout. Nice cotton. Interviewer: Oh I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you when yo- if you were gonna we were talking about fences if you were gonna put up uh a barbwire fence what would those things you know that you have to dig holes for those are the 472: Post hole diggers. {D: That} Yeah. Yeah it'd take them post hole diggers and dig your holes. And then start to putting your wires on. Interviewer: What do you put the wires across? 472: T- you put 'em uh yo- you s- unroll 'em down the side of your posts. Fasten 'em at one end at the w- first post and then you go and put your stretchers. Maybe some barbwire stretchers. And stretch it. And then nail it to the post. And measure and put 'em so so many inches apart {NS} so you won't be able to saw the barbwire fence. Interviewer: Oh I see. {NS} Say if you were going to go milk your cow what would you carry with you to catch the milk in? 472: {NW} Well that depends on what kind of a uh breed of cow and what kind of a milk cow you're going to milk. You'd have to carry a extra bucket in other word one to milk in and then reach around pour it into another container. And uh that way after you get through and then always skim the milk three tips you know and leave one for the dairy {X} Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. And uh so that's the way that goes. Interviewer: {NW} I see. 472: After the calf gets big enough to eat you see we ah it don't take nothing for him much though Interviewer: Well what what is a pail? Is that uh different from a bucket? 472: Well it's called a pail. I don't know it's just a bucket that yeah you can call it a bucket or a pail. Interviewer: #1 Same thing # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} 472: yeah or a bucket. Either one. It'll it'll answer either way. Interviewer: I see. 472: Pail or a bucket. Interviewer: You know some women um have uh these dishes that they save just for special occasions? Like if they having company over to eat? Uh what would you say that their best dishes are made out of? Uh real fine stuff. 472: {NW} Well I guess it's mostly the very best of glass. Or the very bles- best of jug ware. According to whatever they serve it on. Dish you know made out of they call it jug ware. Interviewer: Or china? 472: Or china. Yeah. Well that's jug ware too china. {NS} chinaware they call it. Well it's it's uh some kind of jug. Jug ware it's just named with china. {NS} It's made a little fancier o {NS} little sporty {NS} than plain old jug ware. {NS} Interviewer: Have you ever seen uh an egg made outta glass or something like that china that uh? 472: Right. China egg they call it Yeah. Uh some people use 'em for nest eggs. {D: Put 'em} in there Interviewer: They trying to fool the hen into laying? 472: Uh yeah I reckon that's what uh Interviewer: Alright. {NW} 472: Put that china egg in there {X} You know some chicken if you take their egg out they'll quit the nest. Interviewer: #1 Do they really? # 472: #2 They won't # go about there laying no more. Interviewer: Oh I see. 472: And that's the reason why. Interviewer: You put that in there to keep 'em on the 472: #1 Keep 'em on the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: go. Interviewer: #1 Keep 'em # 472: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: laying. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I've heard some people say that they'd take a one of these old white doorknobs and put it in the nest? 472: Well I imagine that would work. Probably would I don't know. Anything that look like that. Interviewer: Sometimes a chicken snake can get in there and swallow one of those 472: {NW} Interviewer: shiny eggs and 472: {NW} Well I'll tell you right now they'll sure swallow them eggs. Uh he wouldn't fool with that china egg he know the difference. Interviewer: You don't think so? 472: Uh-uh I don't believe he would. No. Sure don't. {NS} That old saying that I believe he's got more sense than that. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yeah I believe he wouldn't. Interviewer: {NS} Did you ever hear of uh women keeping a bucket around the kitchen somewhere where they put uh uh scraps and things for the hog later on? 472: Yeah. That's called a slop bucket. {NW} {X} {NW} Yeah that's called a slop bucket. I keep one finger {X} and that movie just keep me busy all the time. Cleaning out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. They'll do that if you work a lot. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Talking about containers what about uh a container that you keep in the house you know to put cut flowers in? 472: Put flowers? Interviewer: Cut flowers you know you put 'em in a if you're gonna keep 'em inside somewhere. 472: I don't know what I ain't got never been into that. I don't know about that. Interviewer: Just a 472: #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 {D: vase?} # 472: I've heard about it. Interviewer: A vase? 472: Yeah. Uh it'd yeah. Uh-huh. I've I've fixed a bottle this morning for that business. When my roses gets pretty and uh I cut bouquets put 'em in a bottle. And I got some little wee wee bottles I put just one rose into the bottle. And they're cute. And they'll last for days. Interviewer: {X} 472: About a week. And uh so you can have vases such as that. A vase is so easy turned over and spill the water and what you have. I'd rather have something like a heavy bottle or a jar. Interviewer: Right. 472: To put it in so it won't turnover Interviewer: Yeah I see. Say if you were eating steak for a meal you'd probably have to use a knife and a 472: Fork. Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 472: A knife and fork. Interviewer: Uh-huh. gotcha 472: Yep. Interviewer: Say if you were uh I guess you wash your own dishes? 472: Yeah. Do my own dish washing. Interviewer: When you when you wash the dishes do you use some kind of cloth or rag uh when you're washing 'em? 472: Yeah A dishcloth. Interviewer: Dishcloth. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. 472: Dishcloth. And uh {NW} I'm pretty lazy. I use this dishcloth 'til it gets stained up some and sometimes I'll uh bleach 'em back. And I generally throw it in the garbage and take a new one. Interviewer: {NW} 472: But that don't come but about every two weeks or three. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Do y- # 472: #2 I nev- # I never wear one out I'd throw it away. Cuz it'll it get dingy I don't care who it is or where it come from that rag's gonna get dingy. There's gonna be a spot set in it and you can't get it out. Maybe a little speck of smut soot what you're gonna call it. And I don't keep 'em whenever they get like that or I'd rather do away with 'em. Interviewer: Yes sir. Do you use a a {X} cloth or rag when you're drying 'em? 472: I never dry 'em. I've turning 'em down in the dishpan after I I wash 'em with soap and a rag. And then I turn 'em down in the dishpan rinse 'em and turn 'em down in the dishpan I ain't got no long sink I've got a short sink and I use a dishpan to turn 'em down in there in the plastic pan and they drain and they dry about as fast as they drain you know uh and uh so sometime I leave 'em in there all night sometime about two hours {X} go back and put 'em away where they belong stack 'em back. Interviewer: You never use any kind of drying cloth or drying rag? 472: No I n- at the uh no I don't. Don't have to and uh if when I want the pan dried out then I'll pour the water into the sink. And {NS} reach up and get me a paper towel {NS} wash it out put it back in its place. Interviewer: Is that what people around here would call that though if they were gonna use it? A drying rag or dry cloth? 472: Uh some people dries the dishes. Uh what is generally a family somebody dry the dish after they wash and rinse it. Then they dry some of 'em just turns 'em down in the sink and let 'em dry theirself. But this people over here I think they dry their mostly. Interviewer: What do they call that cloth? 472: Drying cloth. Interviewer: Drying cloth? 472: Yeah. It's a big white cloth. Call it the drying cloth {X} uh {NS} drying cloth or the dry rag. {NS} Drying rag. Interviewer: You know some people when they're taking a bath they'll have a cloth to bathe their face with? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call that? 472: Uh that's that's called it's a washrag. Other words a wash Interviewer: #1 A washrag. # 472: #2 {D: washrag} # Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah I see. You mentioned though talking about the sink a minute ago you know that thing uh above the sink right at right at your sink that your water comes out of? 472: Faucet? Interviewer: I see. 472: Faucet. Interviewer: What about one that's in your yard that you hook up your hose to? 472: Same thing faucet. Interviewer: {X} You were telling me about uh flour barrels this morning? Did you have uh those flour barrels did they have these things that went around 'em to hold the staves in place? Now you're talking about uh when I said flour barrel I mean you know they're not like big old lard barrels or big old things like that. Yes sir. 472: They a- they are smaller barrels.` Interviewer: Oh. 472: You go around these candy stores and see them little white pretty little white barrels full of candy you know {D: it's along} you'll see one every now and then at a store they got one over here. Uh they cute little barrels well that's about the flour barrel was just a little little larger than that and it had those wooden hoops around it to hold it together. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. My mother used to keep one to keep her flour in all the time. And you used to buy flour in uh twenty-four pound sacks but you don't do that no more. Interviewer: No. 472: No they cut out the twenty-four pound sacks it'll either be twelve pounds or two twelves or whatever. I don't know why they cut the twenty-four pound out. Interviewer: Talking about sacks what about these old sacks that are made out of that uh rough heavy course material you know? Uh might put pecans in 'em or fertilizer or something like that? 472: Well that's liken to a croker sack? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah. Croker sack corn sack the e- a lot of people called 'em corn sacks. Croker sacks. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: The proper name. Interviewer: Right. 472: Croker sack. Interviewer: I see. Say if you uh wanted to pour some liquid into a bottle that had a kind of a small mouth to it what could you use to keep from spilling it all over the place? 472: Well I have some funnels that I can use to put it in small places. Liken to putting oil in my motor. Like I have a funnel to put the oil in through. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Messing up things Interviewer: I see Well what about if uh if you were did people around here used to have buggies that they rode on? 472: Yes sir. And they had another buggy they called a double-seated surrey Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Double-seated surrey Interviewer: #1 You ever # 472: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: ride on one of those? 472: No I never have rode in a double-seated surrey I've rode in the buggies and uh wagons. Never have rode in a double-seated surrey. That was for the up uh the big man Interviewer: {NW} 472: used to have them Interviewer: The one who had the money huh? 472: Yeah di- sometimes that's that's his uh nice way to travel. And you could rent a horse rent a horse and buggy and take a long trip you know and come back {NS} {X} Interviewer: Did you ever notice uh when they were driving those surreys if they had something that they'd crack around the horse's ears to make him go faster? 472: No I've noticed them buggy whips they have. Interviewer: Right. 472: And they had uh a little stand there in front little thing to hold him and they wanted 'em to go faster just think about where to pat them along {NS} and I reckon hardly hit him faster than he go. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yeah. I called 'em buggy whips. I remember them he Interviewer: Well say if uh if a man had some corn that he wanted to take to the mill about how much would he take at one time? You know just as much as he could put in a wagon? How much would he call that? Well I I've I come uh my wife come from a big family {NS} and he always carried a whole big white sack full of clean full of corn {NS} or either {NS} some in two sacks. {NS} But his family {C: train whistle} {X} run him a week uh maybe uh two weeks. He he'd carry enough for a week or two at least that's the way he carried his. {X} go out to the barn and shell shucking shell. Til they got that much corn. Did you ever hear people call it a turn of corn? 472: Tongue? Interviewer: Turn. 472: Turn of corn. No. {X} {NS} {X} {C: approaching train} Interviewer: You got another train here. 472: Yeah {X} {NS} If he keeps up at that speed he won't be here long Interviewer: {NW} I guess not. About how many of these trains come through here every day? 472: Well let's see Oh I guess ten or fifteen. Interviewer: There's that many at night you reckon? 472: They go day and night. Yeah {X} Not quite as many in the night as there is the day. Well some nights though they are. It depends. Interviewer: Say if if you weren't used to if you wanted to buy a lot of molasses at at one time a pretty good bit of molasses #1 what would # 472: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: that come in? 472: Well a small family always buys as much as a gallon. And I have known families to eat uh at most two gallons a week. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yes sir I know where there's one family I mean they eat that syrup and egg. The man he was a big man he eat about eight seven and eight eggs for breakfast. Interviewer: {NW} 472: He sure would. Interviewer: Goodness gracious. Seven or eight eggs they were 472: Seven or eight Interviewer: #1 I don't see # 472: #2 eggs. # Interviewer: how he was able to move. 472: Oh yeah e- and and uh Interviewer: How big was he? 472: He'd eat beans after that or something anything that I'd cook Yeah he'd eat beans for breakfast And put syrup on 'em. Interviewer: Goodness gracious. 472: {NW} Interviewer: Never heard of that. 472: Yes sir. That man eat {X} Now that was a hard-working man. Interviewer: He must've been to burn up all that. 472: {NW} He had a big family. Interviewer: {NW} Well have you ever heard of people talk about buying a stand of molasses or a stand of lard? 472: No it'd always be cans or uh buckets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: And uh {X} that's about all. Cans and buckets. Lard. Interviewer: Is there any difference between syrup and molasses? 472: Well I have been told that there is. But I've never known a difference really. Now let's see there's uh sugarcane syrup and there's uh {X} what's the name of that other kind of syrup that you can get? what well I do say I just can't recall it. Interviewer: {X} maple? 472: Huh? Interviewer: Maple? 472: No. It's you make it out of sorghum. Interviewer: Sorghum that's 472: Sorghum yes. Sorghum syrup yeah Interviewer: That's pretty strong stuff isn't it? 472: Yeah sorghum is. I really love it though. Interviewer: Do you? 472: Yes sorghum. Good good good made sorghum syrup is hard to beat. I like the taste and the smell. It's really good. Interviewer: But it's the same pretty much as mo- 472: -lasses yeah or syrup in other words. Interviewer: Now when we were talking I was asking you this morning what you like to eat for breakfast uh I forgot to ask you if you drank this uh hot beverage that a lot of people drink for breakfast? 472: No I generally drink milk or orange juice for breakfast. Interviewer: You don't drink coffee? 472: No I don't drink coffee. I oh we have a tea that we drink and it's not got no caffeine in it. {X} Plain tea. It's you'd think you was drinking the shelf uh {X} even put up in bag like. But it ain't it's kapha tea. Interviewer: I see. 472: Old kapha tea. I want to show you this picture it won't take a minute. Interviewer: Fine. 472: {X} That's what the Seventh Day Adventists Movement uh uses that's the kind of tea they use You left three little grapes. Interviewer: Oh did I? 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {X} You know have you ever been in a drug store and somebody came in and wanted coffee and if he didn't want anything in it how would wha- how would he say it? How would he order it? 472: {NW} Flatfoot. Give me some flatfoot. Interviewer: Flatfoot? 472: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 472: {NW} Plain you know. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Just regular old flatfoot coffee that's what he calls what I heared 'em call it for. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # Some of 'em called it uh you want coffee? Yeah and anything in it? No I want it straight. Interviewer: Straight. {NW} 472: Yeah. I want it straight {X} Interviewer: Right. {NW} 472: I want it straight {X} Interviewer: I've heard people use that same term for if they were drinking liquor they would say I want it straight. You ever heard that? 472: No I not in liquor. Uh don't believe I ever have. {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of people around here making that illegal liquor you know out in the woods and fix up a still you know? 472: Why yeah. Yes sir {X} used to be. That's called uh old white lightning. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Shinny. Interviewer: Shinny. 472: Shinny Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 that's what they call # Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 472: Old white lightning shinny Last time I was ever drunk that's what I was drunk on. Interviewer: On that white lightning? 472: Yes Interviewer: That stuff can be pretty dangerous can't it? 472: Yeah. {NW} It's really strong {NS} {X} The last that was in twenty-five. Interviewer: That was a long time ago. 472: Yeah twenty-five. Interviewer: Fifty-three years. 472: Yeah and I was I was uh married then. Twenty-six. Third day of May. Interviewer: Well that's pretty rough stuff I understand I've never had any. 472: Yes sir whenever you know you get it strong enough you can shake that jar or whatever they got it in and it beads Interviewer: {NW} 472: just beads come up on it. Boy I tell you what you can do you can stick a match to it and it'll burn like kerosene. Goodness gracious. Yeah! It'll burn Interviewer: Don't know why anybody wanna drink that stuff. 472: It'll burn boy that's strong. Interviewer: Must wanna get drunk awfully bad. 472: Well if a man's a uh if he's a bad drinker he won't drink but just a few swallows of that before he can't hit the ground with his own hat now Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} Where he can't what? 472: #1 He can't # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: {NW} he'd be so drunk he can't get his hat off his head to hit the ground with it. Interviewer: {NW} 472: That right Interviewer: Goodness goodness. 472: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: White lightning they call it. Moonshine that's that's a real popular name. Interviewer: Moonshine. 472: Yeah. A lot of people make it in the moonshine lights {X} but it got these people {X} Interviewer: I reckon why they call it shinny? 472: I never know why they call it shinny. Just a nickname for it I reckon. It ain't a thing worth but pure alcohol. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Whiskey. Alcohol is what it is. You can get different grades of it though some of 'em don't make it real strong I mean they {NS} add a little water or something I don't know. Get more money out of it just like they do these automobiles they make now. Thin tin. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And you could take a hammer you couldn't hardly knock a dent {X} {NW} It was so s- made out of such a good stuff. {NS} Interviewer: You get one a good licking it'll just about fall apart 472: {D: Ye-} Interviewer: you'll have a pretty good sized expensive bill on your hands 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 anyway. # 472: You're changing color Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} #1 You'll # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: change the looks of it right quick Interviewer: It sure will 472: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Ain't that something? And they want a lot more money for it too you know. Interviewer: Well everything costs more nowadays. 472: Oh yeah. Don't think it's coming to no good end yet. {NW} Interviewer: They used to before you had uh electric lights did people ever take uh maybe just a bottle and some coal oil and something for a wick and make a temporary lamp? 472: I've even saw 'em hold torches at night. Light {X} splinters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: For to see things. They didn't have no o- other way. And the most of 'em though had uh oil to go in the lamps and if they didn't have a lamp they'd uh fix a bottle a- twist a cloth and put in it and that you can burn oil uh thick oil in a lamp in a in a lamp like that in a bottle. Uh I reckon you could burn cylinder oil that way. Put the cloth in there you know and let it get wet. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And then s- light it and I think you can burn that I know you can any other kind of oil mostly in a in a bottle. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Say if uh if you had an electric lamp though and it burned out that thing that you'd have to replace that would be thing that you had to unscrew 472: Yeah that's uh {X} I think. Interviewer: Or the thing that burns in the socket that's the 472: It's oh bul- bulb you talking about Interviewer: #1 Right. # 472: #2 the bulb. # Interviewer: #1 Right. # 472: #2 {X} # Bulb. Interviewer: You didn't used to have those things though. 472: No. Uh-uh. No me and the my little brothers they used to have a {X} uh Papa bought got to where got able to buy us a little red wagon and uh we used a little place in the corner of that wagon and uh we {C: traffic} had some little fat splinters we learned that. {NS} We light them little splinters and I'd take the tongue get up in front take the tongue up in my hand like that. And I could steer that wagon you see. With that tongue my brother'd push me around the house and we had this little splinters for our headlight. Interviewer: No {NW} 472: Yeah we called that our headlight. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. And we'd just have a big ball {X} pushing that wagon around that house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Enjoy it. Interviewer: Say if a woman was going to take out her wet clothes to hang up on the line what would she probably carry 'em outside in? 472: {NW} {NW} Well well we got these plastic baskets {C: engine revving}} uh they used a foot tub {D: engine revving} or a dishpan. Something of the kind to uh hang 'em out to air 'em out to hang 'em out. Uh if I'd had noticed real close this morning I saw one hanging out some clothes over there Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {D: that went along} # 472: I'd a knew what she'd had 'em in I think it was a basket though. Interviewer: Right. 472: Plastic basket. Interviewer: Right. 472: They got now to where they take 'em a long way. Interviewer: Well what would people stick in the mouth of a bottle you know if they were uh bottling some liquid? Something they could put in it to keep it from pouring out? 472: Well they'd either have to uh make 'em a cork stopper or have a cap some kind of cap to fit it you know bottle top. Interviewer: I see. 472: But uh long back yonder you'd have to make you a cork you could make 'em outta cork wood you know. Get you some cork go where there's a gully gullied out take some uh uh go down to the branch and dig you up some black gum root them old big black gums had them big old roots Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Cor- i- it's cork. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yeah that's where you get your cork. Interviewer: I didn't know that. 472: That's where I got get mine when I want it and cut 'em and they're soft and you can whittle 'em down any way you want 'em. Any size. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah get 'em out of them gullies. Out of their branches {X} Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: That's interesting. You ever seen people play these musical instruments that you blow 'em with your mouth and move 'em from side to side? 472: Oh that's a mouth harp they call 'em yeah. Interviewer: Right. 472: Mouth harp. Uh they call 'em harmonicas now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: {NW} {X} Harmonica. I like to hear one of 'em played. Play to it. Interviewer: Have you ever tried to play one yourself? 472: Yeah I've tried it. Yeah. Interviewer: You ever seen these things that they kind of pick on the side make a {NS} {NS} 472: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 twangy noise? # 472: that's what you call a Jew's harp. Interviewer: Right. 472: Jew harp. Jew harp they call 'em. Yeah I've played them too when I had teeth. Interviewer: Seems like you could crack a tooth on one of those things if you weren't careful. 472: You you'll learn how to do it though. And not hit som- let that tongue hit your tooth. You'll learn how. Yeah. Interviewer: Now you were talking about uh a tongue on a wagon. Say if if you had a buggy you know those things that you had to back a horse between on a buggy? 472: Oh shafts Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Buggy shafts. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. And if it's a tongue you have a double team I mean you have two horses. Hitch 'em to it. Uh each side of the tongue. I've saw that too. Interviewer: What do you call those uh things that the traces come back and hook onto on a wagon? 472: Single tree. Single trees. Yeah. They have single trees and then they have double trees on the wagons. To hitch it to the mules. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They have # two {X} 472: Oh that's one of our buddies. Friend of mine one of these people. Well I think he's tend to these l- old ladies. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Yeah. Some kin yeah. Interviewer: I was noticing you got some more of these big old trees over yonder too. {NS} 472: Oh yeah and you should go over there and look where them big pines are. The man that owned that land one time he had a horse or a mule and he threw up them banks corn row and they still there. Interviewer: {NW} 472: You see the banks of 'em. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Well they still there and that's been years ago you know it have look how big those pines are. Interviewer: {X} {X} 472: That thing should have a cloud looks like. Interviewer: I think so. 472: We certainly have had some bad thunder and lightning. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Yeah. Yeah. Mark these lights out and our light ain't been fixed yet it's been over two weeks. They knocked out so many of 'em {X} never got to this {NS} Interviewer: What kind of storm would you call that that had uh thunder and lightning? 472: Electric. Electric storms. Electric. Interviewer: Do y'all ever have any bad winds around here? 472: Oh yeah like little small hurricanes I call 'em. One time I was living that other shack down there other side of that shorter building and it came a wind one evening and there was a building sitting over yonder way over yonder. {X} to the road. And it picked up tore off the top of that building brought some of that tin and dropped it on that big oak out there. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Two pieces of it {C: imitating sound of impact} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Two pieces of it. Interviewer: The wind meant business. 472: {NW} It was traveling boy. Then we had one to come through the other part of town and tear up the trees and rode down a few houses. Interviewer: {NS} 472: Tore up a school house. {X} Interviewer: Well lemme ask you about this expression say if you had uh just a lotta rain in a short period of time maybe a couple inches in just an hour you'd say you had a regular 472: Cloudburst. Yeah. Just call it a cloudburst. Interviewer: What about if you were having some rain but not very much just barely enough to get wet say you're having a little 472: Drizzle. Interviewer: Drizzle. 472: That's called a drizzle. Yeah. And uh just a little slow drizzle like that all day and all night uh really soak up the ground I mean it's steady coming you know. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: It'll really wet the ground. It's really nice it's really better than a big rain you know a big rain well pours down and runs off real fast. {X} go anywhere. But your season in it you know about it quickly Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Slow rain. Yeah. Interviewer: You ever been riding along on the road in the morning and you come to a low place in the road and you'll go into this thick stuff that you can hardly see through? 472: Yeah that's called fog. Yeah that's called fog. Interviewer: What kinda day would you call that? You'd say it sure is a 472: Foggy day. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Foggy morning. Interviewer: Right. 472: A foggy night. Yeah. It generally comes lower in the night uh time In rainy weather it'll fog that away And uh early {C: wind blowing} in the morning {NS} it'll it'll last 'til about sometime eight or nine ten oh clock before it clear. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 472: #2 {X} # Some places yeah. But if it goes up let's see I've heard 'em say if it goes up fore seven it'll le- rain down for eleven Interviewer: If 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 it # if it what now? 472: If it goes up before seven it'll rain down before eleven. Interviewer: Oh. 472: {NW} I've heard that Interviewer: #1 I # 472: #2 too. # Interviewer: see. 472: Old saying you know. Old folk we're gonna have to get get going here directly Interviewer: It's about to rain? 472: Yeah well lightening Interviewer: Oh yeah. You think we ought to move now? {C: passing traffic} 472: Well I happen to look up to see a new squirrel nest um. {NS} I believe it's fell out of the other part of the oak down there at Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {D: large} # Interviewer: right there? 472: large yeah That's a nest that's fell out in large that's what that is. Interviewer: I see. 472: They wouldn't have built a nest on the side of that limb like {X} I know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I noticed that somebody lost a kite in that tree over there. 472: Yeah they was over yonder in that old field yeah in the winter. And I wasn't here when he came over here in large then Interviewer: {NS} Say if uh you know it's been real dry and you hadn't gotten rain for a long time what would you say you're having? Having a 472: Dry spell. {C: thunder} Interviewer: {X} {D: Your car} 472: That means on buckle. Probably get something tore up. Interviewer: Okay. 472: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} and if it if it hadn't uh rained for a real long time you'd say you're having a not just a dry spell but if it was worse than that it'd be a like a drought? 472: Yeah you could call it yeah a long drought. Yeah uh-huh. A long dry spell is called a long drought. It's what that is a long drought. {C: silence} Interviewer: Let's see what we got here. I wanted to uh ask you about uh a few greetings that you would use like about this time of day if you met somebody on the street what would you say to them? You know in the way of greeting them? 472: Well I would uh say good morning or howdy uh and uh speak to 'em and if they seem like they wanted to have a conversation or or talk or something uh I'd be glad to have one with 'em. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: You see. Interviewer: About how late in the day would you say good morning? 472: A- at noon. About noon Interviewer: I see. 472: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: What would you say to 'em after that? 472: Good evening Or howdy something like that. Interviewer: Right. 472: {NW} Interviewer: About how long does evening last? {NS} 472: Well it's same as the morning I guess. So many days uh so many hours in the day. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And um after twelve oh clock then it'd be evening {X} 'til well right on until dark Probably. Then uh we we'd have we'd have to stay there until we until bedtime or something or another liken to that. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: What I think. Interviewer: Well you say 472: #1 {C: clears throat} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # if you were leaving somebody during the daytime what would you say to 'em? 472: Well bye-bye generally that's a short word you know. Bye-bye I'll see you again later. Interviewer: Right. 472: Uh-huh. And a lotta these young folks you know now they say bye gator see you later Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 Something a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: little old short something you know? Interviewer: Right. 472: Like that. Interviewer: Right. 472: {X} they like a little fun everything Interviewer: Well if you were leaving somebody at nighttime what would you say? 472: Well the that comes in at goodnight Uh see you another time or well sometime you use bye-bye there. Interviewer: Yes sir. I see. What about this expression say if a farmer started work uh before the sun came up you'd say that he started work before 472: Eh he starts his work before daylight sun. Interviewer: Oh. 472: Work he started before daylight I mean uh u- between daylight and sunup I got it wrong. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Between daylight and sunup he may have been out there plow Interviewer: Right. 472: {X} Interviewer: Right. 472: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Or if he's a little late getting out in the field you might say that when he got out there the sun had already 472: Yeah uh-huh. Uh might meet him and say Hey whatcha doing sleeping on your shirt tail so long this morning Interviewer: {NW} 472: That's my hope Something like that Interviewer: Oh 472: {X} I've heard 'em talk about that. Interviewer: He would be late because the sun had already 472: Uh-huh. Yeah. He's past his time. Well that's just because sometime they sleep late. Sometime they uh uh have other chores that they have to do. Interviewer: Right. 472: But the old short way is just tell 'em don't sleep on your shirt tail too long. {NW} Interviewer: Right. {NS} Say if somebody came to see you uh uh Sunday not last Sunday but the one before that one you say that he came to see you when? 472: Uh he came ab- uh today's a week ago he came. Interviewer: Right. And if he's if he's gonna come see you not this coming Sunday but the one after that he's coming to see you 472: Well it'll be uh {NW} S- Sunday after this coming Sunday. Interviewer: Right. Okay. What if uh if somebody came and stayed with you if you had company from about the first of the month to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about 472: Uh let's see that's fifteen fifteen days Interviewer: Yes sir. Ever heard people around here call that a fortnight? 472: A what? Interviewer: A fortnight? 472: No I haven't. Interviewer: Alrighty. Say if if you were downtown and you didn't have a watch with you if you wanted to know the time of day what would you ask somebody? {C: train whistle blowing} 472: Uh {NS} {X} {NS} what time of the d- {NS} uh hey friend what time of the day is it getting to be? Got a watch? Interviewer: I see. 472: You got a watch? And then he would tell me. Interviewer: I see. 472: And I can I have been to where I could look at the sun pretty well and tell. Interviewer: Oh really? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: My father used to knock us off at twelve oh clock. Uh in the daytime we'd be way in the woods and didn't have a timepiece we'd look up to the sun or look at shadows he went by the shadows. {X} 472: And he'd say well we're about to get home it's about time to eat. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: It's getting come time to eat and we get on in and they have it cooked. Interviewer: Pretty handy to be able to do that. 472: U- yeah. He was he really knowed that see he'd just been uh one of the old-timers other words and he never had no watches or nothing. He just had a clock at home. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: {NW} And he could {C: train whistle} tell about that sun {X} Well I might throw this in. Uh the man that lived here before I lived here he come to the window here one day and he says well I'll be was out there in the yard he said you see that big old oak over yonder? I said yes sir. He said now when that sun sets behind that oak then it turns back goes back to the uh south. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And he was right. It's done turned back now. Quite a ways. Interviewer: Hmm. 472: And I can get to that window there and look down and see it under the bridge in the in the dead winter. Uh it'll set {X} you see it right under the bridge see that's opening down the railroad. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And I can see that sun when it goes down {NS} under that bridge. Over that view Interviewer: Oh I see. 472: And it's real interesting {NS} to know people {C: train whistle} watch things like that you know? Interviewer: It is. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: Exactly.} We're talking about asking people about the time if somebody asks you what time it was and if it was exactly midway between seven and eight you'd say it was just 472: I'd I'd just say it was uh uh seven-thirty. Interviewer: Right. 472: Seven-thirty. Interviewer: Is there any other way of saying that? Seven-thirty or 472: Uh seven-thirty {C: passing plane} well I've always called it that. Seven-thirty. Interviewer: {X} 472: Yeah you could say that I reckon. Halfway. Interviewer: Or half-past? 472: Or half-past. Interviewer: {X} 472: Say half-past. Interviewer: Well say if it were fifteen minutes later than half-past ten you'd call that just 472: Fifteen minutes after ten. {NS} after ten. Fifteen after ten. Interviewer: This ex- say this expression if you've been doing something for a long time you say you've been doing that for quite 472: Quite a few weeks or a m- month even even years. I've been doing this {X} house that I've done tha- tha- that a way all of my life. See? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # {X} {X} I've known that all of my life. Interviewer: Yes 472: Since I'm big enough to know. Interviewer: Right. Okay. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Talking about since we got some bad weather somebody might go outside and look up in the sky and say wow I don't like the looks of those dark 472: I done said that this morning. Interviewer: {NW} Did you? 472: I told my neighbor been over there and I said wow The uh weather looks {X} we might have some more rain. Like that you know just before it started raining again. And so uh I s- I said it looks stormy! Real dark and stormy but there's no wind {X} hardly. And it wasn't and uh so we left it that and some of 'em says I think it rained last night pretty well I said from the looks of the water in the yard it rained all night. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 472: #2 Like that you know. # Interviewer: Right. 472: {NW} It did rain most of the night. Slow {C: clears throat} Interviewer: But you can tell that you're gonna get some if you've got a lot of dark uh 472: Uh-huh well when I was fixing my breakfast it was just really dark. Put on the light. {NS} Couldn't even see. {X} dark dark clouds. Interviewer: Yes sir. What kinda if it's a day you know when the sun's shining and it's just the kinda day that you you really like you say well it looks like it's gonna be a 472: A beautiful day today. Wonderful happy for it something like that you know. Go ahead {X} It'll happen. Uh {C: talking to exterior person} Appreciate it. And if it's k- uh hadn't had rain in a long time as I was talking about yesterday Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: I would say well it's so dry I'm so happy to see that cloud coming or the cloud it's clouding up. Interviewer: Right. Right. 472: Happy for that Interviewer: Right. 472: And I would be. Interviewer: What wou- what would you call a day like today? 472: Ho wow. It's just I'd call it a bad damp day. And the old saying is got damp and damp quick. Interviewer: {NW} Yes sir. I see. 472: That's one of my uncles used to say that. And he always told us says now {X} come in some time be raining he say well said the best sign of rain that I ever saw says clouded all the way around the porch {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: And that was another clue'd I'd remembered you know. Interviewer: Right. 472: {NW} Says {NW} Interviewer: Well what what would you say it's doing if the clouds begin to pull off and the sun starts shining through? You say it's 472: The clouds are breaking now and I can see the sun occasionally I believe it's going to bear off. Maybe have some fair weather. Interviewer: Right. 472: {X} might be s- I might say again I'm happy I see the clouds a-breaking we get some more Interviewer: Yes- 472: sunshine. Interviewer: Right. You were telling me yesterday that y'all had had some bad winds around here? 472: Uh-huh. Yeah we have. Interviewer: What do you say it's doing if uh if the wind it has been very gentle but it's gradually getting stronger? 472: Uh it's storming. And uh s- {X} Stormy and uh {X} it's uh indicators we're gonna have some wind. Or a storm. And um then we have what you call storms. That's a light wind. But hurricanes a- are a fast wind. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Speedy. And we uh call storms hurricanes cyclones. Uh and then we have a wind we call a whirlwind storm. Interviewer: What's that like? 472: Uh it's a it's a kind of a cyclone wind but it's a whirl- just rolling. Interviewer: Does it do any damage? 472: Oh it- it's about the worst one you can have. Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Yeah. Cyclone. It's the worst thing you could have i- in the wind part. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: You ever heard people use the expression the wind's picking up or it's rising or something like that? 472: Yeah. Oh the wind's getting high Interviewer: Getting high? 472: Yeah. Getting high. Interviewer: I see. 472: Blowing hard. Something. Interviewer: What is just the opposite of that? It's been very strong but it's gradually getting more 472: #1 {C: clears throat} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: {NW} Well the wind is coming down. We shall have uh old bad weather. Interviewer: Right. 472: Coming down. Interviewer: What's your favorite time of the year? As far as weather goes? 472: Favorite time of weather? W- w- well uh yeah. Well {NW} I suggest in the uh autumn. And in the spring. That's my two favorite places in the weather. In the in the seasons. But uh {X} {C: clears throat} the way I come up with this if it's a real hot day and it somebody just really {X} I say well good old summer and good old winter For why I say that I like 'em both You see? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: I'm in favor of both of 'em. And according to the Bible they see it and i- it will be uh it'll be seasons as long as the world is here. As long as the time runs there'll be seasons. There won't there won't be out of season. In other words in season and out of season {X} the Bible says in sea- in season and instant innocent out of season and in season. He has {X} in season and out of season. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people use the expression i- it's kinda airish or it's a little bit uh uh snappy or chilly this morning? 472: Yeah. Yeah uh-huh I've heard 'em say that. It's a little cool this morning! {X} it's almost cool enough to light the heater off. Almost cool enough to put me on a jacket this morning. It's a little airish out there. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: It's kind of invigorating? 472: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} What about have you ever gone out early in the morning and you had this light coat and white on the ground? Not snow but just uh 472: Had to be frost. Talking about frost. Well you have on a pretty good heavy coat and that them days. Interviewer: Right. 472: And when you walk outside and your your breath smokes. Interviewer: {X} 472: A loop of frost most every time. They'll be frost on the ground somewhere. Interviewer: Are some frosts uh worse than others? 472: Oh yeah {C: clears throat} some heavy frosts and some light frosts. {NS} And in some places around here you can discover it. It won't be none nowhere else. And that's on a low place with trash. On a trash pile. You'll discover frost there {NS} mostly and quicker than anywhere else Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: On the trash pile. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Ever heard people talk about having a killing frost or a jack frost? 472: Yeah. Yeah they call it jack frost them big ones. Uh they really we really had a killing frost maybe that'll do the insects good you Interviewer: #1 Right. # 472: #2 know? # {NW} Interviewer: Right. Yeah. 472: {NW} Interviewer: Or if it gets real cold somebody might say well it got so cold last night that the lake 472: Yeah the lake froze over. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Um We have ice out there the ice is almost thick enough to uh walk on. And I have saw it that way Interviewer: Oh around here? 472: Oh yeah Interviewer: That cold? 472: y- yeah In this country. and mud holes froze over walk on 'em. You can cross them. Yeah I've saw that. Course the more the times {NS} why how that comes about I think we uh in freezing the mud holes i- the water is all times soaking in the ground where it's mud holes you know? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And that water soaks down and that ice still freezes as it soaks down. And it'll make a big kink of ice time it's all out of it out of there. Interviewer: Yes sir. {NS} 472: Walk on it Yeah. Interviewer: I see. 472: {C: clears throat} Interviewer: Uh and if it's if it's real cold somebody might say well if it gets much colder the pond might 472: Might freeze over. Yeah. The pond might freeze over. Interviewer: We were talking yesterday about you were telling me about wagons singletrees and doubletrees? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What about what do you call that outside edge of the wagon wheel you know? You call that the 472: The hub? You talking about the Interviewer: #1 Well # 472: #2 hub? # Interviewer: that's right in the middle there. {NS} 472: The middle yeah. Interviewer: But around the outside edge of the wheel that would be the 472: {NW} uh that would be uh the feller. Tha- that that that word you're talking about is a feller. They're called fellers. And the- and they and they uh metal is put around 'em you see? Yeah the hook they tie {X} Interviewer: #1 The tire? # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 That's the # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: metal. 472: Yeah that's the metal. Goes around this uh uh wood. And the words called feller. {NS} Uh I've heard the people say well that piece of filler well we'll ride it outta the tire and we're gonna have to fix that wagon wheel. Interviewer: Is that feller where the spokes join in 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: That's that wood yeah. That's what you call a feller. And it'll rot in some places and they'll have to decay you know and they have to put in a new one. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And then they have to take the tire off and fix this {NS} and heat that tire red-hot {NS} as they can get it and take tongs or something and lift it up put it uh put the wheel down on the ground. And pick it up and put it down over there. See you have your wheel your filler laying on some pieces of something Yes sir. Interviewer: and then where that tire just come right down even there. And that's the way to shrink 'em. And then it shrinked. Sometime they'll drop a little water on it whenever they'll put it on there. S- red-hot. And that'll shrink it right tight man that's a tight wheel. You got some {X} That'll do the job. 472: Yes sir it's really something to watch how people can do that. Interviewer: Right I see. What would what do farmer use to break up his ground with? Before he began to plant? 472: Uh well he used a plow and different kind of plows and uh some of 'em is called uh Olivers. Big olive plows. Some of 'em's called uh small turning plows in other words uh s- go by the inches. {NS} You have a {X} s- six inch from six inch up to ten inch. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: {X} And {NW} uh if you wa- if you got a animal that's not too heavy and too large you get you buy 'em according to your animal. The way I always did. If I had a light animal I always n- never bore with seven inches} You know cut seven inches at a time. Interviewer: I see. 472: An- because it's too hard on the animal. Too much strain. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And then those like {X} little garden plow push. Uh I can go out there and turn the ground with my garden plow Right out. In the woods. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: But I have to set this I have to learn how to set it where it won't strain. Interviewer: Well after you've plowed is there something that you can use to break up the ground even finer? 472: Uh disc. Then you take your disc and go over it. Pulverize it up. Then you lay off your rows {NW} and put your line of seed in there. I also put I put the fertilizer in if I use commercial I put it in there with any kind and then run my plow uh little plow back through it see And stab it real good in your dirt. Interviewer: Right. 472: It don't {X} you see. Interviewer: Is there something you can use called a harrow? 472: Yeah you have a a a what you call a horn-toothed harrow. And you can buy them in different sizes. And there's one they call a little a little uh let's see what they call that? I forgot. A little {X} I believe they call it. {X} And you can go between your rows with it you see. And it keeps the grass down {X} And there's one you can pull over the whole field. Drag it down. Well and you set your teeth right and it'll drag up the roots. And you walk along behind it has a thing you trip it. Just trip it and it won't pick up it'll just {X} teeth'll come back and have to run over the pile of trash. Somebody come along behind and pick up that trash. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Put it to little roots and things. Interviewer: I see. 472: Always have it. But it takes a big animal to pull it {X} Interviewer: I imagine it does. 472: It does it's heavy. Interviewer: What do you call the part of the wagon that runs up underneath it you know the wheel that the wheels are attached to? 472: Oh that's the axle. And uh it's a and you you have to have a axle and then you have a coupling for it. Interviewer: What's that? 472: Couplings are in the middle Couples the wagon together. Interviewer: Oh. 472: In other words Interviewer: I see. 472: alright. And on this coupling {X} there won't be but about that much of it showing Interviewer: about two feet? 472: Uh yeah uh I mean in the middle because there's a brace comes from each the back end {C: distorted speech} Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: comes to the middle and attaches to this {C: silence} Interviewer: {NS} What do you call this uh uh wooden frame you know that carpenters used a lot they can take a couple of them and make a temporary table if they wanted to 472: Uh Well Interviewer: It's kind of a kinda shaped like that 472: Oh yeah That's what you call uh Sawhorse Interviewer: Yes 472: Sawhorse Interviewer: I see 472: Yeah Interviewer: Was there anything uh kinda like that that you could use as a as a brace for a log if you were gonna saw it off just put it it's kind of shaped like an X and you could put log right in the middle and saw off the end of it 472: Uh-huh Yeah that's called uh A s- uh I don't know What what did we call it call it unless we called it a {X} {X} Interviewer: {X} 472: {X} Got two {X} Down the X side Interviewer: Yes 472: Put that in there You'd have your place to saw Interviewer: Ever heard people call that a wood rack or sawbuck or something like that? 472: No I have a wood rack out there {NS} But Interviewer: What's that for 472: It's it's the same it's all the same style but there's three three of them together {NS} Three of these together you see And I saw any most any length of the wood And I got it in a {X} Or you know rack it's your rack Wood rack Interviewer: Got three of those X shaped 472: #1 Yes it's got # Interviewer: #2 Things # 472: Three of them And it's what you call a wood rack I think Interviewer: Yes I see 472: And that's what you showed me that represents a sawhorse Interviewer: Sawhorse okay 472: {X} Interviewer: say you when you get up in the morning on your h- on your hair you might use either a comb or a 472: Brush Yeah comb or brush Interviewer: If you're using a brush you say you got to 472: Brush brush your hair Interviewer: {NS} Do you ever use a straight razor to shave with 472: Oh yeah Uh you have to be so careful with it {NW} I don't fool with them much Interviewer: It'll carve up your face 472: My father used them {X} And the older days though I had to take shaving And uh I was shaving with my safety razor All the time Interviewer: What'd you have to sharpen that to 472: A big razor Had a razor hone and a razor strop Hone the razor good and then strop it and then put your {X} Interviewer: Yes sir 472: Yeah {NS} Knock all the {X} Off you see that's what the strop is for Interviewer: Right 472: You put the {X} Interviewer: I see 472: Well that's the same way about my pocket knife I wet my knife or file it or something another Then I uh put it on a slick stone Knock the {D: water edge} Off and I got a cutting knife Interviewer: I see say if a man was going to go hunting if he was using a shotgun he would use a shell in his shotgun but if he was going to use a pistol or a rifle he'd use a 472: Cartridge Interviewer: Have you ever done any hunting 472: Yeah I have {NS} Not too much I never did {X} I got a boy he loves it Interviewer: Right 472: {X} Interviewer: Okay I see when you were a young boy did y'all ever have anything like uh a long board where one boy could sit on one end and one on the other and then you'd go 472: Seesaw Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah seesaw That's what it's called seesaw Interviewer: Y'all made those? 472: Yeah we made something better than that Interviewer: What was that? 472: {D: Launching} Interviewer: What was that about 472: That's a stump narrow stump {X} Sit down on Bring something like a cross tie And take a {NS} Bolt and drive it down through the uh center A round bolt Little hole or something like that Put your board And then One get on one end of it one on the other And it's one get Push them around My me that's something Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Gets you sick as a {X} {NW} Much of it you know Interviewer: Yeah I guess you would get kind of dizzy 472: It's like a swing a swing will make you sick And thirsty Interviewer: I see did you ever just take a board and and anchor it at both ends it'd be kind of limber so you could jump up and down on it in the middle? 472: Called a spring board Interviewer: Spring board 472: Yeah Spring board I've been on a lot of them especially one at the creeks you know when you was You would spring up and down Interviewer: Oh you mean to go out in the water 472: Yeah Dive off Diving board you call it Interviewer: Yes sir I see 472: {NW} Yeah Diving board Interviewer: Did you ever use a coal burning stove for heat? 472: {NW} Yeah yeah yeah I know it wasn't a wood burner I know that much Yeah yes I had to because I remember that camp I stayed on in the river At the river Interviewer: Yes sir 472: The big coal heater And but I didn't have no Coal coal but I used uh Um it had a notch you know for coal It'd burn wood or coal It was a coal heater But I didn't have the coal but I have warmed my coal heaters i- {X} When I had that Interviewer: Yes sir 472: Come in there in the winter and Go in there and it kept that warm real warm without coal in it Interviewer: Did you have some kind container inside where you could keep coal next to the stove? 472: Yeah Inside the heater you mean Interviewer: Well you know just a place next to the stove where you could keep coal if you needed some to put 472: Oh I see what you mean Yeah Uh you'd have what you call a coal box Interviewer: Yes sir 472: To get the coal out of Coal box Yeah Interviewer: What if if you had an ax and you wanted to put an edge on it if you wanted to sharpen it what would you use? Uh what did you use years ago? 472: File File used the file {X} {NW} Until the latter days later days I uh Uh got a ember wheel Real good one And I use it now On sharp axes or {X} Interviewer: Did you ever see one of these old fashion wheels that you had to turn it around? 472: {NW} Uh that's what you call a grindstone A hand grindstone yeah Uh Grind rocks That's what you called them grind rocks Um I thought I had one of them {X} {NS} We sharpened axes on them too Interviewer: I see 472: Yeah {NW} And uh then they had they come up with a Them grind stones with a Seat on by them And pedals And I've used them too Interviewer: You'd just do it yourself 472: Done your own pedaling Interviewer: Right 472: like it's almost Interviewer: Right 472: Faster you pedal faster you turn Interviewer: {NS} Was there something that you could use to sharpen a knife with that you could just hold in your hand 472: Whetrocks Interviewer: Whetrock 472: Yeah Whetstone some people called it Interviewer: I see 472: Yeah Whetstone {NS} Interviewer: Say if a fellow had a car and it was making squeaking noises he might take it into the gas station and ask the man to put it up on the rack and do what to it to 472: Yeah uh Examine it see where that squeaking is in my car It's squeaking uh Making a racket Uh Interviewer: What would he do it to make it quit 472: And then he'd have to check to find out where it was and then do something about it He'd have to uh Uh either fix it tighter or Do something where it wouldn't rust Interviewer: Or gre- 472: Grease it yeah could grease it Uh whatever whatever the part was Interviewer: If he got that stuff all over his hands he'd say his hands were real 472: Real greasy Interviewer: You know that uh I don't think they have these anymore but the inside part of a tire that inflates you could call that the inner 472: Uh Let's see what they call that Inside of a tire I don't know what they What they named that Interviewer: The tubes 472: Now they have a When they go to Pump it up they have a cue They put in there And now then he got to where it uh {D: they run them all out to} Especially when they {X} Interviewer: Right 472: {NS} That's a mighty smaller tube Interviewer: {NS} Ask about this expression say if uh just want to make sure I turned my lights off yeah say if a man has himself a a new boat and he wants to try it out he'd take it own to the water and as he's putting the boat in the water what what do you call what would he call himself doing as he's putting his boat in the water 472: Launching Launching the boat Interviewer: I see I bet you've launched a 472: {NW} Yeah Interviewer: {X} 472: {X} {NW} Interviewer: Right 472: I'm wearing a truss today because of lifting heavy motors Interviewer: Oh really 472: Right {X} Interviewer: That can't be 472: Later folks come along you're sure going Without them you know I mean Interviewer: No 472: Try to do it yourself you see them doing it Interviewer: Right 472: That's where I got {X} Interviewer: When a woman's working around the kitchen something that she'd wear around her 472: Called apron Right Interviewer: Ever seen the type that came up uh over the shoulders? 472: Yeah Interviewer: Instead of just the waist 472: Yeah Yeah that's right Interviewer: Uh used to again I don't think that you have to use this anymore but uh people would hold babies' diapers together with a 472: Safety pin Interviewer: I understand now you can get some that just stick together 472: Never have saw it Interviewer: Haven't seen those 472: No I haven't Interviewer: I see 472: That's more modern {X} Interviewer: Right what would you call this thing right here that I'm writing with that's an ink 472: I'd call it an ink pen Interviewer: Talking about clothes what would you say that a man's three piece suit consists of 472: Three piece suit Interviewer: Yes sir 472: I don't know Just a three piece suit Interviewer: Well first 472: Well there's #1 First his # Interviewer: #2 Start off # 472: Pants and Then uh Underwear And then his shirt Interviewer: And over his shirt he might wear? 472: Overshirt Interviewer: And over that it's like he's going to church 472: Then he'd put a coat on Called a coat {NS} Yeah Interviewer: Sometimes people between their shirt and their coat they wear a {NS} 472: Neck tie {NS} Interviewer: Or have you ever seen these things you know they uh they don't have any sleeves to them or anything you wear it 472: Oh you're talking about a vest Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah {NS} vest Interviewer: Did you ever wear one 472: Yeah Sure did Interviewer: I see say if I were trying on some clothes I might say something like well uh that coat won't fit this year but last year it 472: I've outgrowed it Interviewer: Well 472: It's too large Or I'm getting too fat Interviewer: Right 472: or something like that Gaining weight Interviewer: Or it won't fit this year but last year it alright 472: Just fit perfect Interviewer: {NW} or say if my old clothes are just getting worn out I might say well I need to go to town to buy myself a 472: Another suit Interviewer: Not an old one but a 472: Yeah Interviewer: Need to buy a 472: Yeah Buy a new suit Interviewer: You know sometimes when 472: {NS} Sometimes I'll call these clothes wearing out they're getting mighty bad thread bang Interviewer: Thread bang 472: Thread bang called it thread bang {NS} Had to do something about it {NS} Interviewer: You know sometimes when young girls are getting ready to go out on a date with a boy they'll spend a lot of time in front of the mirror what would you say they're doing 472: I guess they'd call it beautifying themselves {NS} Yeah {NW} Interviewer: Right 472: They really go for that {NS} Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah My backside Sometimes my back will always lack too much anyway Interviewer: {NW} 472: About that Don't want it too extreme other words Interviewer: Right 472: I don't want one looking old slouch I'd call it old slouch I don't want {NW} But these Interviewer: Now what what if a boy or a man were going out on a date and he was doing the same thing you know spend a long time in front of the mirror? 472: Oh well he'd kind of have to see his face wasn't dirty or Maybe or just to see if he can straighten his hair a little different Make it a little Look more neater Interviewer: Would you say he was beautifying 472: Well he just wants to look neat More or less than to be beautified Course that that'd go in with that but Just to look neat and clean And see if Clothes collar and everything or his tie {NS} {X} Interviewer: Ever heard people use the word primping 472: Yeah primping yeah Interviewer: {X} 472: Well that that that'd go for the man and the woman wouldn't it primping {NW} Interviewer: Yeah it would okay yeah 472: {NW} Interviewer: You know sometimes when uh little boys are playing around they'll pick up just about anything they see and stuff it in their pocket and it's not long before their pocket begins to 472: Puff out and uh {X} Interviewer: Right or bulk 472: Bulk out yeah {NW} And they uh Don't Well Interviewer: First you know talking about women what would you call that thing that women carry along with them have all their stuff in it you know 472: Yeah that's that purse they call it yeah Interviewer: Some of them get pretty crowded I know 472: Yeah Yeah they do they get Pretty crowded Some of them lose them in fact {NW} Somebody snatch {NS} Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah {NS} A total loss {X} Over in Mobile I think it was Uh they grabbed her purse and she held onto it and they took her down the street Interviewer: No 472: Yeah They'd have killed her if she hadn't come with them Interviewer: {X} 472: Yeah I reckon Interviewer: Do women have a little a little one that they can carry inside their purse that's a metal flask they use for carrying change or coins 472: Yeah It's uh Called a uh That's what they put their pocket change in It's uh Called a Pocket book little inside pocket Interviewer: Do you ever see men use those? 472: I've got one in my pocket Interviewer: Oh do you 472: Yeah Interviewer: Do you use one? 472: I've got uh Interviewer: I'd like to see that oh yeah {NS} do you keep folded money in there too 472: No Interviewer: Just change 472: Little change purse I call it Change purse Then I have one there in the drawers uh Massive it'll come over you Fill up the thing Interviewer: I see 472: Put a lot of change in it but don't hold nothing Interviewer: I see yeah what about the thing that women like to wear around their 472: Bracelets {NS} Wrist watches Interviewer: What about around their neck they might wear 472: Necklace Interviewer: Or bea- 472: Beads {X} I bought a pair of String of beads oh Two feet long about Interviewer: Two feet 472: {X} {NS} Beautifulest beads you ever looked at in your life Interviewer: Oh my 472: Long beads She liked beads and I just bought them Wedding beads we called it I bought me a neck tie wear the neck tie It uh was a beautiful color But it represents the rattle snake color Interviewer: Hmm 472: It was certainly pretty though Interviewer: Yes 472: It And I bought her the beads Interviewer: {NS} Well what do you what do you call those things that you're wearing that go over your shoulders 472: I call them suspenders or galluses or Trouser holders something to hold Interviewer: Right 472: Something to hold up your trousers Interviewer: I see 472: I always call 'em suspenders Interviewer: Right {NS} {NS} and something that you would use on a day like today to hold over your head 472: {NW} Umbrella Interviewer: Beg your pardon 472: Umbrella Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything else? 472: Parasol Interviewer: {NS} Is that the same thing 472: Same thing Parasol and umbrella That's it That's one of the things I had to learn how to spell {NW} #1 So at the school # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: Umbrella Interviewer: Right {X} 472: Yeah Interviewer: Now when a person is making up his bed the last thing that goes on the bed what would that do 472: Spread {NS} {X} {X} Interviewer: Ever heard an old fashioned word for that 472: Uh Counterpane Interviewer: Counterpane 472: Yeah Interviewer: Was that just the same thing 472: A {D:caterpane} no i- it's not the same thing {X} They have what they call bedspread And counterpane Both answer for the same thing But the counterpane is supposed to be more Uh nicer than any bedspread Course I saw some mighty pretty bedspreads {NS} But a counterpane is heavier than a bedspread {X} And much nicer Made outta special {X} Interviewer: I see talking about beds have you ever seen uh something kind of like a pillow but longer than a 472: A bolster You got a bolster I slept on one year before last Bolster Interviewer: So they're not just used for looks but you can actually 472: Uh no I can actually Three can sleep on one or I have head for three Interviewer: Really? 472: Whether yeah whether each lean across the bed big bed Interviewer: Yes 472: Three could sleep on there Interviewer: I see hmm have you ever uh been at somebody's house maybe you're spending the night and they fix the place for you 472: Yeah Just got a pad out {NW} Add it to there I've slept on a bench Interviewer: What were those things made out of ? 472: Pretty heavy quilts mostly what they put down makes the makes floor Interviewer: I see say around here do y'all have any kind of uh flat low lying land along the river that's real good land for growing things 472: That's called uh Dark rich land It would be uh really rich Uh but because of leaves And the mud Mixing and settling Just out in that field It accumulates {NS} Uh like in the ground And makes rich dirt It's all rich dirt Interviewer: I see have you ever heard people call really good soil anything special uh maybe like gumbo or buckshot or something like that 472: No I never have {NS} Basically I say a special ground say that's specially rich dirt or {NS} It's just a better piece of land here than it is over there Interviewer: {NW} I see 472: Yeah Interviewer: With what about sandy soil would that be good or bad? 472: Uh it's good {NS} But it's Always some thing that you can raise in sandy land And but you'd have to have sandy land some things are raised better in sandy land than over in the rich land Some of the vegetables Interviewer: Yes 472: Uh yeah {NS} And uh {X} For peas And they'll they'll raise most anywhere you put them And you better not make them too rich Because they go mostly to vines sometime But a certain time you plant 'em and they'll all grow to vines you won't get no peas Just be vine that time of the moon Interviewer: Yes sir 472: But if you plant them peas in the sandy land in time well You gonna You lay them out And sandy land's easier Till there's some land Sandy land that won't grow anything hardly but you Lot of it's uh Heavy heavy {X} Do the work Interviewer: I see 472: Yeah Interviewer: Do you have any kind of land around here that you'd call bottom land or 472: Yeah we have Sure have Down next to this pond is bottom land And uh The oldest land Is practically bottom land It's all rich and good Interviewer: Mm-hmm 472: Uh my father tells me that there wasn't but one or two houses here in Bay Minette Uh three anyway Uh mostly when they were here to set up And he said this all was just about farms {NS} And they hauled this dirt in and built up this place Interviewer: Yes 472: Made it what it is Interviewer: I see 472: Built the town Interviewer: You know talking about a land that's really grassy land have you ever heard people around here use the word meadow to describe that 472: Mm no No I don't believe I have Interviewer: What would you what would you call a piece of land like that that just has a lot of grass or a lot of clovers something like that on it 472: Well I'd just call it a Grassy piece of land Uh That's what it'd be just a grassy piece of land Interviewer: Alright you know if you if you had a piece of land that has water on it and you wanted to drain it off what would you have to dig to take off the water 472: Well you'll have to ditch it What they call ditch it Or There is I have known some to uh Bore down with a big In the middle of the pond And drop some dynamite in there Interviewer: That'll take care of it 472: And then That takes care of the water If it comes down it goes in that hole it goes back in the earth see And that'll take care of a pretty good size pond Interviewer: Yes sir 472: But not a real big one I reckon But will work on a medium pond You don't have to dig Interviewer: I see 472: Had your good soil right up to that hole Interviewer: Have you ever heard a place in the land called a ravine 472: Ravine Interviewer: Yes 472: No Oh Interviewer: Just like a washed out place or something like that 472: That's always called a gully to my Interviewer: Gully 472: My mind it's called gullies And uh {NS} I've heard them talk about veins Of water veins of oil in there Interviewer: Yes sir 472: {NW} That's as near to the vein of the earth as I know Interviewer: I see I see do uh you were talking the other day about being wanting to be baptized in a creek do the creeks around here have names? 472: Oh yeah Yeah Bay Minette Creek {X} Creek Uh Moss Creek And uh Well there's lots of Creeks got names Probably some of them I really don't know the name I know know some creeks to have {NW} Two or three names on the one creek Interviewer: Oh really 472: Uh-huh Or I Interviewer: Mean different parts of it 472: Yeah That's right Uh I know one up there in Stockton it's called uh Uh Atkins Lake It's a creek Call it Atkins Lake And uh Let me see it's called uh Up there on the Highway I believe it's called flat creek Flat creek I tell you Atkins Lake is called Atkins Creek now Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah Interviewer: I see it' according to where it is 472: Yeah That's right Interviewer: Have you ever seen one of the well not a hill when something gets much much larger than a hill you call that 472: A mountain Young mountains {NS} And there's you know what {NS} We have one between here and Stockton Interviewer: Got a mountain 472: It's just it's the next thing to one yeah it's high as a pine tree Interviewer: Hmm 472: And those boys Takes their motors the uh motorcycles out there Go up that thing Oh they got they just tore up one side of it Interviewer: Really 472: Oh yeah Climbing that thing You can get on top of it see {X} Interviewer: Is that right? 472: Yeah it's high Interviewer: Does it have a name or 472: Uh no it's just called a high hill Out in the country High hill I never knew it was there until the year before last And I was raised around Stockton all my life Interviewer: Is that right 472: Never did get back in that part of the woods Interviewer: Huh 472: Yeah That's right That's something Interviewer: Sure is have you ever uh heard people say talking about a mountain you know that rocky side that drops off real sharp you'd say he was looking over the 472: Over the cliff Interviewer: And if a mountain has a lot of them you say a mountain has a lot of real steep 472: Cliffs Interviewer: Oh talking about mountains have you ever seen a place in the mountains where the water will drop a long distance? 472: Called a waterfalls Uh no I haven't got to see that but I saw waterfall in another place Interviewer: They're pretty aren't they 472: They are {X} Uh I go over to Bellingrath Garden every now and then we can just go over there Interviewer: Some people have been telling me about that I never have gone 472: You're missing You're missing all Interviewer: That's what they tell me 472: {NW} Interviewer: It's really pretty 472: Yes sir it is it is Marvel the whole thing Just to know that this lady Uh let me see what was her name But anyhow she's the She's originally uh Caused all of them to haul them big stones in there And fix it where the water comes over them And uh this just {X} He had a store close down that way And I'll bet I looked at it with my eyes it solidified Interviewer: Is it a big place 472: Yeah it's a big place I don't know how big the ground Someone {X} Interviewer: I guess they have a lot of visitors 472: Oh yeah All the parts in the world come over here See that Interviewer: Do they charge anything to get in 472: Mm let me see No No why it was free it was we went to it free But we go to free a lot of places where they do charge Interviewer: Oh I see 472: Yeah they let us for free Interviewer: I see 472: {X} And uh Interviewer: I hope I can get over there while I'm down here 472: But they have some things you know Uh {X} Buy or whatever you like to buy Interviewer: I see 472: The uh museums {X} Interviewer: I wanted to ask you about the road system here in Baldwin county do y'all have pretty good road systems? 472: Fine as far as I know Real good some spots Could stand a little Work you know Like a To correspond but I see the {X} A whole lot Redoing it here in Bay Minette making it so much nicer And uh we really appreciate that We think our roads are really bad when we hit them afterwards Interviewer: Yeah 472: After being on those nice roads Interviewer: Right 472: You hit the little spots you know And outside this rail road here back there But uh Interviewer: What uh what kind of surface does most do most of them have 472: Well it's a pretty fair surface And some places it'll give a way but I think the cause of that when you fill it in They put the wrong kind of dirt kind of a sand like Stuff that Give a way you know it didn't pack It wouldn't pack like the other And it don't actually fill any {NW} That'll cause the black top to burst {NW} That's one way {NW} And sometime they have We have tremendous stumps in the land That'll rot out {NS} And that'll cause a weak place in the earth and they build up up that But rivulets ink down in fact And that'll {X} On the bottom of the road too Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah on the bottom of the road too {NS} Interviewer: Say if you were driving along on the main road and you got out in the country and there was a little road going off the main road what would you call that little road? 472: Well we we'd say there's a little three trail road turning over there you take the Three trail road and it'll lead you right down to the man's house Uh right down to the field or something like that Interviewer: Why do you call it a three trail 472: It's just It's just a little narrow road And the reason it's called three trail Uh is caused from the uh {NS} Back lap Of Horse and wagon Interviewer: Oh 472: Yeah That's what that's what brought up the three trail road The horse walked in the middle and wheels made Interviewer: Right 472: A {NW} Uh that three Interviewer: Yeah three in all 472: Yeah Interviewer: I see 472: {X} {X} Interviewer: {NS} Have any roads people would call farmer's market roads or? 472: Yeah road leads to the market Yeah Such and such road leads to the market {NS} And Course we'd know the condition of the road most if we Uh go to market on it {X} Condition in We might say That road that rough road leads down to the market And watch that road down to the market it may be Something happened to it you know Interviewer: Right 472: We'd have to say that kind of road Because without that Just take the road to the market Interviewer: I see what do you call that place downtown alongside the street where people walk alongside the street that's the? 472: Trail I reckon it's called that Interviewer: Trail or side 472: Sidewalk Interviewer: {X} 472: Call it a sidewalk Interviewer: I see 472: And outside of the street Interviewer: Right 472: Sidewalk Interviewer: Let me ask you about this expression say if you were walking along downtown and uh you just happened to meet somebody you knew but you weren't looking for him you might say well I wasn't looking for old so and so I just happened to run 472: Run into him Yes {NW} Run into him or run up with him Interviewer: Right 472: Yes Interviewer: Or say if somebody's not walking away from you he's walking right 472: He's uh Coming straight Interviewer: Or towar- 472: Yeah he's coming straight to me Or he's going the other way just straight away Interviewer: Or you could say he's coming toward ya 472: Yeah Yeah that's right oh special word coming toward Yeah that Them them people's coming right toward you #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Right # 472: Yeah toward Interviewer: Or this expression say if a if a child has been given the same name that her mother has you say that the parents named the child 472: After her Interviewer: Right right did you name any of your children uh 472: Uh Yeah the the wife named one of them after me Lee Coraline {NS} That's my baby's name Interviewer: we were talking about dogs yesterday what what would you say to your dog if you wanted him to get after another do? 472: I'd tell him catch More likely It's called More likely you Tell him to catch him that's That's called that's be the name of that is the sic him Interviewer: Sic him 472: Yeah Interviewer: {NW} 472: Sic him yeah Interviewer: He'll get after him 472: Yeah Sic him sic him sic him {NS} And you know they learn that word {NS} Just as good as saying catch him Interviewer: Right {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: Talking about animals uh horses you know those things that people put on the bottom of their feet to protect 'em 472: Uh horseshoes yeah Interviewer: Have you ever played a game with those 472: No not really I've thrown them a little once or twice but never have played Interviewer: Yes 472: Game Interviewer: Around a post Or something like 472: See if I can ring them Without playing Interviewer: What do you what do you call that though when you do that 472: Uh Interviewer: {NW} Excuse me 472: Playing a game of horseshoe Interviewer: Horseshoe 472: Yeah Interviewer: Alright 472: Playing a game of horseshoe Interviewer: What's that what's that part of their foot that you put the horseshoe on 472: Hooves Interviewer: Are those all the same size or are they different 472: No you have to make the shoe to fit the animal You have to make the shoe to fit the animal Interviewer: I see and this expression if somebody couldn't stay on a horse you'd say he fell 472: Fell off Interviewer: That ever happen to you 472: Horse threw him No it never has Uh I've had him get in the middle of a big briar patch with me though #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # 472: Yes sir Interviewer: That could be interesting 472: And the one I rode I saw him throw a boar right Flat and in on the ground Interviewer: Oh 472: Stood right on its head I mean it Its heel was way up in the air and its head was down between his front legs Interviewer: Oh 472: Stood standing up there and he he had to come off they weren't Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 Get on there # And he had to {X} He wouldn't get back on him Interviewer: Goodness 472: And I rode that horse And that thing got Bucking on me and went into a Big briar patch Higher than my head in briars I was And boy I really give him the works while I was in that briar patch When I turned him loose on that road again he went home {NW} Interviewer: Goodness {NS} When we were talking about hogs yesterday I meant to ask you if a farmer doesn't want his male hog to grow up to be a boar you say he'd do what to him 472: Circumcise him in other words {NS} Uh Trim him Interviewer: I see 472: Yeah Interviewer: Would he would he call it anything different it wouldn't be a boar then it'd be a 472: Uh a bar it'd be a bar Like a bar out there yeah Change it from a boar to a bar Interviewer: I see is there any difference uh like if you were going to slaughter a hog would you slaughter a boar 472: No You you wouldn't get along so well with that Interviewer: Why is that 472: Because they're strong They got a musk And uh It upsets them And the meat's no good it it You smelled 'em alright but it it the meat will taste like the smell Interviewer: Hmm 472: Like a boar Can't eat it {NS} Interviewer: So you got to trim him 472: Need to make a bar out of him so we can Yeah {NS} It's strange like that that's what you have to do {NS} Interviewer: That's interesting 472: Now you can take a bull And you can uh kill him and take you knife and cut them off real quick {X} Like a steer you know Interviewer: Yes sir I see hmm well talking about farm animals what would you call the place where chickens live on a farm? 472: That's called a chicken house a fowl house And either one it'll go either one Fowl house or chicken house Interviewer: Is there anything that chickens live in that you call a coop 472: Could call it a coop yeah. Uh-huh Some people call it a chicken box but the right name is chicken coop. Yeah. Interviewer: I see yeah. what about uh the chicken that's sitting on a nest of eggs trying to hatch something what would you call it 472: Well you'd call it hen set. So many eggs you know. #1 Hen sets on # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 472: So many eggs. Interviewer: She'd be a set 472: She'd be a set hen Interviewer: Set hen 472: Call it a setting hen Interviewer: You know talking about a chicken when a woman fries chicken there's usually a piece that children like to get someone can grab hold of one end and one on the other 472: Yeah. {NW} That's called a pully-bone. Yeah. Interviewer: You ever do that? 472: Uh yeah some of them take it and put their piece over one door and {X} and the other know where they are and whoever walks under it is a boyfriend or a girlfriend. Interviewer: Hmm 472: That's the one you're going to marry they claim Interviewer: #1 Oh # 472: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: That's the way it works 472: Yeah that's what that's all about. Interviewer: I see 472: In other words the main thing about it when you pull this pully-bone apart. These pully-bones {NW} one or the other is going to get the biggest piece because it's going to break off a little on side or the other and the one that gets the uh biggest piece I believe is the one that's going to marry first. Interviewer: Right 472: I think is the way it goes. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And so when you pull them that's that's what you got in mind. Interviewer: Right I see 472: And it works I mean the Bones uh break one side one's bigger than the other Interviewer: Right 472: And they claim that that's what that's for Interviewer: Right let me ask you about this expression say if you're on a farm and you hear animals start carrying on they get hungry well I didn't know it was so late it's right on the 472: Yeah yeah those cows blowing out they are getting hungry. I have to feed them or {NS} better get to do something about it see Interviewer: What time do you call that you'd say it's just about 472: Oh it's about {NS} well say five o clock Interviewer: That's feeding time? 472: Yeah five o clock or maybe six o clock. Five thirty go out and feed the. Interviewer: Is that what they were called at uh feeding time? 472: Yeah they'd call it uh feeding time yeah. Interviewer: {X} Say if you were riding on a horse and you wanted to get him started what would you say to him. 472: You have to {NW} {NW} Interviewer: That'd get her going 472: That'd get him going Interviewer: Uh-huh 472: You know what's coming Interviewer: Sure 472: Pull up on your bridle Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah Interviewer: What if you wanted to get him to stop 472: You'd have to holler that word whoa pull your bridles. And it'd stop. Interviewer: I see yeah well if you were if you were plowing with a horse you know those things that you hold in your hand to guide him with what do you call those 472: Lines. Interviewer: Those are lines 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Would it be what if you were just riding on a horse? 472: That'd be a bridle. Bridle. Bridle reins. Interviewer: Reins 472: Yeah reins that's right Interviewer: I see yeah. well if you've got to go somewhere and you've got to get your horse ready y- you know put on the bridle and saddle and all that you'd say you have to do what? 472: Have to saddle up the horse. Go get uh I'd say go get the horse put the bridle on him bring him on in I'll put the saddle on him Interviewer: Right I see uh. You ever heard people uh use the expression uh harness him up? 472: Put the harness on him or hitch him to the wagon or the buggy whatever. To the plow work either way. {X} Interviewer: I see 472: Harness him. Harness him. Interviewer: Yes sir and when you're riding a horse those things that you put your feet in those are the 472: We call we stirrups. Saddle stirrups. Interviewer: I see I see Now if you've got two horses hitched to a wagon the one that's uh on the right you call him anything in particular? 472: Uh well you name your animals more than likely. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 472: Uh you might call him Brigham or uh Frank or. It may be a female you'd call it Molly. She's Molly. Get over there Molly. Step up a little bit uh. {X} Or something like that you know. Interviewer: I see 472: Keep them keep them in line. {X} One don't drag back let the other take the whole load Interviewer: Right you ever heard one called a lead horse 472: Yeah that's a spike team Interviewer: It's a what 472: Called a spike team Interviewer: What is that 472: A lead horse I'm talking about now where they hitch Two hitched to a wagon. And one at the front. Interviewer: Yes sir 472: Well that's called a spike team. Interviewer: That's two horses 472: Three horses. Interviewer: Three horses oh I see and the one in front's the lead horse. 472: Yeah Yeah that that would be the lead horse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm I wonder why they call it a spike team 472: {NS} Well it's because it's that {X} Interviewer: I see yeah that's interesting I want to ask you about uh the names for a few parts of the body like this part right here 472: It's called your forehead. Interviewer: Forehead and uh sometimes when men let their hair grow out on their face you say they're growing a 472: Whiskers yeah that's the proper name. Interviewer: Anything besides that he's growing himself a 472: Mustache and a whiskers. {NW} Interviewer: What about a beard? 472: Yeah you might call it a beard. Interviewer: Hmm what do you think about that do you men who wear beards 472: {NS} Well all right you asked me for the truth and I'm going to come up with the truth. Interviewer: All right. 472: Well it'd be all right for him to do this now we'll have to draw it back from the Bible. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 472: It'd be all right for him to wear his hair long. And I don't know about your I think- It's it's not too nice to wear a beard. But this {NS} This style is come from uh bad people such as hippies. And they got another name but I can't call them that. Interviewer: What for those people 472: Yeah the hippies {NS} There's another name I've come across for them I've forgotten what they called that But {NW} They they They all joined up {X} And the hippy. The word hippy means disobedient to me. {NS} I mean they uh mean people. People they do mean and do they got on this dope and that just doubles it. And it makes me disgusted to see anybody wearing this hippy. I- I- I'm like this now but them I'm like I am by. Woman and a man. I don't know a he from a she. Interviewer: {NW} 472: A lady all right. And I don't whether he's a real hippy or just got the style. Now I know some sweet people wearing their hair long and beard and all that. They're real nice folks but why they want to copy cat I call it all the meanness. People who copy that style come from is bad and I wouldn't want to do that for my body. I want my body to keep more clean than that. And some of they tell me don't even wash their hair only once a week or something. Interviewer: Hmm 472: And they're sweaty and you can smell them. Interviewer: Bet you could 472: You can I've known many there and you can smell them and uh some of them takes care of. And some of the boys he just loves that hair like a woman loves her hair and they really trim it good. See but the word of God Says shame for a man to wear long hair. and it's wrong for a woman to cut her hair Sometimes I want to preach to my church. Interviewer: Is that right 472: And I might do it one of these days. Interviewer: {NW} Got some people in there like that 472: Yeah {NS} Yeah uh women cutting their hair. {X} Cuts her hair. Man what a fine one with long hair boy I really I really praise. {X} I really do. Interviewer: It'd be pretty 472: Yes sir I think that Wow {NS} Why it makes it so pretty with me is because the Bible says that is her clothes. And it is. {NS} Interviewer: We were talking about parts of the body uh this right here you just call that 472: Ear Interviewer: Which one would that b 472: Right ear or left ear. Interviewer: Okay and this is the back of my 472: Head neck. Interviewer: Alright and you might get something stuck in your 472: Throat. Interviewer: Ever heard of this part right here that you see on some people go up and down 472: Like mine. Interviewer: Yes sir yeah I can see that 472: It's on top Little young ones coming around And they look at me under that I said put your finger on there. They put it on there and Worked it like that you know. {NW} That's a sight to them {NW} And I've heard the old folks say yeah you've got a big dumpling snatcher. Interviewer: Dumpling snatcher 472: {NW} That'd be good for that. Interviewer: Yeah that's interesting 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called anything else 472: Uh Joogle. Joogle. Why he's got a big joogle. Interviewer: Ever heard it called a goozle? 472: No joogle. Interviewer: Joogle 472: Joogle yeah {NS} Neck joogle Interviewer: Dumpling snatcher 472: Yeah Interviewer: What about this place all around your teeth you call that? 472: Gums. Interviewer: Uh-huh and this is my 472: Palm of my hand. Interviewer: What 472: Palm. #1 My # Interviewer: #2 Right # 472: Hand. Interviewer: Now you make a 472: Squeeze. Interviewer: Or you say you're going to make a 472: A fist out of Interviewer: Right and you got two 472: Two fists. Interviewer: Uh-huh what about uh you know when people some people they complain that they're getting sore in their? 472: Muscles. Interviewer: Or a place 472: {NS} In the crook of their arm. Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah Interviewer: Or their joints 472: Joint yeah. Interviewer: Do you ever have any trouble with that 472: Never have very much I have. In my right leg. A little bit in my knee. {NS} Interviewer: I see and the upper part of a man's body you call that his 472: Breast. Interviewer: And uh you say he has real broad 472: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay what about do you know this part of your leg right here if you uh bump it against something? 472: Skin bone bone yeah. {NW} Boy that hurts. Interviewer: Just have to hobble around for a while 472: Yeah Interviewer: Say if a if a little boy wanted to scare you like he might have to get down behind a a couch so that you couldn't see him you say that he had to do what so you couldn't see him? 472: Squat down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 472: {X} Interviewer: Would you say he had to squat down on his 472: Yeah head down yeah squat down on his hunkers. Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah. Interviewer: This part right here 472: Yeah. Interviewer: That'd be his hunkers 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Ever heard the people say he had to was going to he had to hunker down to something? 472: Yeah. He had to hunker down to something yeah I've heard that yeah. Interviewer: Means he just had to 472: Stoop down. Interviewer: Okay 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I see 472: Get low. Interviewer: Right {NS} let me ask you about this expression say if a person has been sick but he's he's gotten a little better somebody might say well old so and so is uh up and around but he still looks a little bit 472: Puny he looks thin. Uh he looks pale. Interviewer: Right ever heard them say peaked? 472: Yeah peaked Interviewer: Yeah 472: Yeah little peaked. Interviewer: I see 472: I've heard them uh I've s- I heard that mostly whenever they'd begin to be sick. Interviewer: Hmm 472: They would their looks would fail would fade. Um that person over yonder still looks peaked. Looks so pale. Interviewer: Hmm 472: Pale or peaked and that's before he even talked I mean. Interviewer: I see 472: And then you can say that after they recover now. Interviewer: Right right 472: And still peaked or pale. Interviewer: Right say a man that's able to lift real heavy weights you say he sure is mighty 472: Strong yeah. Interviewer: Ever heard people use the word stout there he's might stout person 472: Yeah that's a that's a that's a word too stout and strong. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 472: Combine the same for me mean the same. Interviewer: Same thing 472: Yeah Interviewer: I see what about somebody who always goes around he's got a smile on his face something nice to say about people you say he sure is mighty 472: Pleasant {NS} Interviewer: Yeah nice to know people like that 472: Yeah and they just wear a smile all the time. That's the way that wife that I used to have Interviewer: She was like that? 472: You'd know her by her smile she wore. Interviewer: You know young boys when they're growing up sometimes they'll get to where they just run into things and knock things over and trip over the own feet you say oh so and so sure is mighty 472: Clumsy. Interviewer: Yeah did you ever know people like that? {NS} 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Let me ask you this um a person who just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you say oh so and so he's just 472: He's crazy or something you know yeah Uh {NS} He's absent minded or crazy {NS} Interviewer: You ever heard people use kind of a strong word if they're talking about somebody like that they'd say old so and so he's just a plain 472: No no Well they'd call him different names Just a Just an old slouch or an old don't care or hypocrite or {NS} something like that. Interviewer: What about the word fool have you ever heard people use? 472: Yeah yeah you're just an old fool you know. But I learned in the Bible is coming against oh woe unto the man who calls his brothers a fool. Mercy calling your brother a fool is just. That's the reason why I never come out with that at that time I guess cause. Interviewer: That'd be a strong name 472: Yeah I don't never come up with nothing like that that's just. {X} Interviewer: Right true. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Well what about a man who has a lot of money but he likes to hang onto it you'd say he's just an old 472: Yeah uh money lover uh craves money. A money shark that's his name just a money shark. Interviewer: Ever heard people call him a tight wad? 472: Yeah won't tie his money loose definitely {NS} a tight wad Interviewer: Say if I were to say this about a person old so and so is just as common as he can be what would what would you take that to mean 472: Well Interviewer: Said he was common 472: Yeah he's just as common and sweet as he can be. He's just as common and just. That is uh Right in your hand he he's not uh he's not no uh high strung person. He's just {X} And calm Interviewer: I see he's just average 472: Average {X} And calm Interviewer: I see 472: Nice person Interviewer: Right 472: {X} Interviewer: What about a person that's maybe in their nineties but they can still do for themselves like cook and get around pretty well you might say well I don't care how old he is he's still mighty 472: Mighty active. Interviewer: I see 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I see ever heard people say spry 472: Yea that's a word too spry and active. Interviewer: Mean about the same thing 472: The same thing. Interviewer: I see say if a person left a lot of money sitting around in plain sight and he didn't lock his door you'd say he sure is 472: Careless. Interviewer: Yeah 472: Leaving his money Interviewer: Yeah I see 472: Now I I just have another story about I see I don't see much of it now as I used to. Uh men would come around with a big pocket book in that seat pocket with a big chain on it or something you know. And we'd just say well that man's got a lot of money you'd think it was in that pocket book. But I don't see much more of that happening around this day and time. {NS} I sure would hope they cut it out Interviewer: #1 Is that right # 472: #2 {X} # They don't work so. Interviewer: Good idea 472: {NS} And I imagine they would most of them and I saw did have money in there. Interviewer: Right 472: If I was a criminal or a Wanting some money I'd just as soon take him to anybody else. Interviewer: Right 472: Get that money. Interviewer: Yeah I see 472: That's why here comes the Bible again. Love of money is the roots of all evil. It's according to how you have the money. If I was a millionaire and didn't have it right I'll tell you I wouldn't be doing right. {X} I'd be in danger of hell. If I was a millionaire and had just the glory of God It's all right to be a millionaire. Interviewer: Yes sir 472: I believe it {NS} Interviewer: What about this expression say if I had an aunt named Lizzy 472: {NW} Interviewer: I might say well there's really nothing wrong with Aunt Lizzy it's just that every now and then she just acts kind of 472: Kind of foolish Or silly {NS} Silly she's just silly Interviewer: Could you say something like well she just every now and then she just acts kind of queer 472: Yeah you could say queer answer all right Interviewer: As far as you know has that word changed meanings Uh over the years does it mean anything different or does it just mean kind of strange or 472: Yeah it still means about the same thing Because she is the same person as As she was in other words she is uh It's her way she's she's got that kind of silly ways or {NW} She got sillyitis All that I'll tell you Mean the same thing I think Interviewer: I see okay what about a person who makes up his mind about something and just won't change it no matter what you say he sure is 472: He sure is sound and Firm on his belief and on his foundation I mean he's He I don't I don't believe don't believe {X} Could change him or something like that you know. Interviewer: What about if he's he's still like that but he's just dead wrong and he still won't change his mind say he sure is 472: {NS} Well now there it gives me a {X} Bible again all right. A person that's uh in the church and he's dead set we know he's wrong. Only thing he's doing something or had got something he's wrong about. {NS} And the church {NS} wants his clean church Jesus wants a clean church. Uh we take two or three witnesses with us and talk it over with him. Bring the church bring the church up or I If he still won't do then we have a right by the Bible to discard him. Because he's set in his ways and he won't never change. But we discard people like that. Or but they would have a chance if they repent and come back. We wouldn't just discard them forever unless he changed see He ha- {NW} The Bible says {X} and that'd be a backslide. I know it does. {NS} And so he may come back. We take him back we love him we still love him. His ways we don't love. Interviewer: You just say he's just mighty stubborn 472: Yeah he's stubborn. You just can't agree with his ways. You still love his soul. Interviewer: {NS} Have you ever known a person that uh You just couldn't joke with him because uh he'd get uh uh just the type of person you can't joke with without him losing his temper? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Say he's just mighty 472: He's just mighty edgy he's He's got a wire edge We call it sometimes. That man's got a wired edge you can't even joke with him. Interviewer: Right 472: He gets mad at us. Interviewer: Right some people are just like that 472: Yeah they are can't reason or nothing Interviewer: Right say uh you know if you've been working all day you say at the end of the day I sure am 472: Tired I give out Interviewer: Give out 472: If I I learned something about that. It's best to say I'm real tired. And give out means to me just fall over. I saw one man in that shape. Interviewer: Really 472: He was give out {NS} But if I don't mind I'll say well I'm tired and give out that's wrong. Interviewer: Hmm 472: I should say I'm so real tired I'm on my way to To give out. Or something like not to say I am because I'm not until I fall. Interviewer: Or I ever heard people say well I'm just completely 472: Completely give out now that's wrong. Interviewer: What about uh worn out 472: Worn out. Well that that sounds pretty good. {NS} We get worn out at many many things. {X} Interviewer: So that would be okay? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: But give out you just 472: Give out is fall out I call it fall out. {NW} Interviewer: Right I see yeah say if you hear that somebody is in the hospital and you didn't know about you might say well uh that's news when was it he 472: Yeah I'd want to know then uh about when he went in or when he. {NS} What's his trouble. {NS} How come him there or certain like that or I'm surprised wonder what his trouble is. Interviewer: You might say well he was looking fine yesterday when was it he 472: Yeah how long has it been when did you say he went in then? Something like that. Hope he's alright just. Interviewer: When did he get sick or take sick something like 472: Yeah. Interviewer: That 472: Or he must have got sick overnight or something you know. Interviewer: Hmm I see yeah Or if somebody has been working out in the hot sun. and then they come in to an air conditioned room they get chills and their eyes start to uh 472: drop more Interviewer: Right their nose starts running 472: Yeah. Interviewer: So it looks like he 472: Is catching a cold {NS} More or less he'll be through Interviewer: Right 472: Yeah. Interviewer: And if it affects your voice you say you're a little bit 472: Hoarse Interviewer: Right that ever happen to you 472: Yes sir. Interviewer: Or if you do that you got a little 472: Little cold Interviewer: Or you had to 472: {NW} Got uh I got to strangling or something like that Interviewer: Got a little hacking uh 472: A hacking cough yeah Interviewer: Uh-huh 472: {C: train whistle} Well you know some people with disease such as TB or {NS} Lung trouble have hacking. {NS} Hacking cough {NS} We'd believe he's got something because he's got a hacking cough {NS} Interviewer: Yeah our friend the train's coming by 472: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: Or talking about bed you say uh you might say toward the end of the day well I think I'll go to bed I'm feeling a little bit 472: Little bit sleepy. Interviewer: Right 472: Or I don't feel good. Go lie down a while. Interviewer: Right or talking about somebody who has trouble hearing you say old so and so is just about stone 472: Just about stone deaf. Interviewer: You don't have any trouble with your hearing do you 472: No sir I've got good hearing and pretty bad eyesight. Interviewer: You do 472: Now I can take these glasses off {NS} Things look kind of loose mostly a little just a little bit dim. {NS} When I do like that looks like I step in a new world. Interviewer: Right {NS} say if a man has been working hard out in the hot sun he might come in and take off his shirt and wring it out and say well look how I 472: Sweating or sweat There's a it's got a new name now Interviewer: What's that? 472: Perspiration. Interviewer: Oh 472: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: That's supposed to be more polite 472: It is more polite Interviewer: You ever seen people get in these places on their on their arms these big old lumps they got a core in them 472: It's called a lesion Or a {X} {NS} Or {NS} {X} {NS} 472: everything just real calm and I go real about to sleep well about thirty minutes. Or an hour he'd jerk that train and cause me to wake again. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 472: And that's bad. Interviewer: All those cars will hit together? 472: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: Tell me again what you call those uh places? 472: Little bumps or Interviewer: Or 472: They call pip pimp jennies pimp jennies Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: {D: Pimp Jennies} Interviewer: You ever seen these uh that had uh uh 472: {X} a- and there's another there's another bump that comes on it it's called a uh {X} {NS} goosebumps some of 'em calls 'em goosebumps. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. You ever heard of anything called a car bumper? 472: Ooh yeah. Interviewer: What's that like? 472: That's uh car bumpers generally comes on they back. Most of the time. Well it's a big old sore if you can't hardly tore her up no way Interviewer: {NW} 472: It's just tail And it just turns wrong side out. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Just just raw all the time. Interviewer: It's worse than a rising? 472: Worse than a rising yeah. And you can't stop your clothes from tearing. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Car bumpers. Interviewer: Pretty bad. 472: Yeah it's bad. Interviewer: what do you call that uh white stuff in a rising that you have mash out? 472: A rupture. Now it's got another name. {X} They call it um pus. Pus it is yeah. Interviewer: Pus corruption? 472: Corruption. Interviewer: {X} You know sometimes when people get blisters on their hands. they'll be this uh liquid inside that you have to get out before long? 472: Oh that's that's called uh they call water blisters. It's your water accumulates in there. And uh you have to pick 'em or let it out. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And it'll really burn when that other skin comes out against that Interviewer: Right. 472: skin. Interviewer: Right I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever uh you know if you if a person had a a a wound and uh the flesh around it didn't heal cleanly it'll kinda turn white and kinda grainy you know? Have you ever heard that flesh called anything? 472: Inflammation. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Yeah inflammation {X} It's causing it. {C: clears throat} Interviewer: Ever heard of anything called proud flesh? 472: Yeah oh that's that's that's a carbuncle Interviewer: {NW} 472: {X} Well it {D: hitting} a carbuncle or {X} Proud flesh. That's another thing that'd be hard to do something with. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. 472: Like a sore on your leg or something you know you can't hardly get them cured that's the hardest thing to cure sometime that there is. Interviewer: Right I see. {NW} 472: Well that's called if you stand on it too much and your weight pressure. Interviewer: Right. 472: Pressure. Interviewer: Well say if if I cut my hand and I wanted to put something on it to prevent the infection what might you use to put on your hand? 472: Well outside of uh some people won't wash the won- won't put water in a place like that. But I always like to if it ain't too bad I do the and then I put if I used if I wanna use any me- any uh medicine of any kind I use this uh a {X} or what they call the other? curochrome 472: curochrome Interviewer: Do people still use uh io- iodine? 472: Iodine yeah. Iodine yeah. They still use iodine. Interviewer: That's pretty bad? 472: Yeah iodine. {NS} Why curochrome and {X} Just about some of that mixed right there Interviewer: Right. 472: That's what I hear. Interviewer: Have you ever had to take any of this uh real bitter white powder people use to give for malaria? Real bitter tasting. 472: Well that's called oh I know what you're talking about quinine. Interviewer: Right. 472: Quinine yes sir I've taken that stuff. {NW} {X} my dad used coffee and they learn you lear- you learn a lot you could take just parched coffee and cure it after you take this dose of quinine. You see they got to where they put it in your night capsule if you don't have a case {X} But this here we'd just take it on a spoon or something or other put it in your mouth and swallow it with water. Interviewer: {D: Right.} {NS} 472: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Okay and they let us chew chew parts of coffee and suck the juice out of it. Chew chew that parched coffee. And that there'll kill you. Interviewer: That quinine's pretty rough though. 472: Oh yes sir yeah {NW} It sure is. Interviewer: Let me ask you about this expression you know when a if a person has died uh you might hear somebody say especially if this person didn't like the person who died if he was joking about it or being mean about it he might say well that old sorry so-and-so finally 472: dead {X} That old soul finally passed out of it. Finally died. Interviewer: Would you would passed out be a joking or a mean way of saying it? Or would it be just a regular way? 472: Just a regular way mostly. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 Passed away. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard seen anybody say something besides passed out or or died uh if he wanted to you know just be kinda nasty about it? That old tightwad finally You know like kick the bucket or 472: Yeah uh yeah finally kicked the bucket yeah. {NW} finally kicked the bucket now that's pretty short ain't it? Interviewer: {NW} It sure is. 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: {NW} Interviewer: Really probably didn't care too much 472: #1 I trust # Interviewer: #2 for him. # 472: #1 {NW # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: I trust that I'll be where uh {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} {NW 472: Well that's bad. Interviewer: Yeah it sure is. 472: #1 Might live a good life. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: That's real bad Interviewer: #1 Oh # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # That old joker kicked the bucket you know what I'm saying? {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Too bad. Interviewer: Yes sir. Well uh a- talking about people when they die the box that they're buried in what do you call that? 472: Uh they call it a coffin. Coffin. Interviewer: I see. Ever heard that called anything else? 472: A casket. Interviewer: Casket? 472: Yeah. Casket. Interviewer: Yes sir and the ceremony for the person you say you're going to so-and-so's 472: Funeral. Interviewer: {X} Used to I think uh people would dress in black at a funeral and you'd say they're in 472: They dressed in black {X} they related to their mother or their father or something. Dressed in black. Yes. That used to be the uh way they do it. Interviewer: You would say that they were in 472: Uh yeah #1 {D: they} # Interviewer: #2 in # mourn- 472: They in uh what they call it? Interviewer: Mourning? 472: M- m- mour- mour- mourning. Interviewer: Mourning. 472: Mourning. Yeah. Interviewer: Did the do people still do that? The they 472: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 do that around here? # 472: I don't know about that I haven't saw that. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Long time. Now here's another little thought I give you about letters. I used to when you'd get a letter some of them later could be dead, well they'd put a black line all the way around that letter. Interviewer: Huh. 472: On the outside. And just on the envelope if you ever got one with a black line around it you knowed something happened. Interviewer: Oh 472: People yeah. Interviewer: I never heard of that. 472: Yeah that's that's the way they used to do that. Long years ago. Interviewer: That's interesting. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Talking about uh when we were talking about greeting people around December the 25th you'd tell somebody well I hope you have a 472: A a a nice Christmas a nice uh Christmas and a New Year. Interviewer: Right or I hope you have a merry 472: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Right And a what kinda New Year? 472: A New a happy New Interviewer: #1 Right. # 472: #2 Year. # 472: Merry Christmas and a happy New Year. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any people say around Christmas time like if they saw 'em for the first time on Christmas day they'd say something to 'em before they could say it to the to the other person? 472: I don't see how that could now if I if I see somebody first? Interviewer: Yes sir. You wanna say 472: Gree- greeting to you. Interviewer: You ever heard of people say Christmas gift? 472: Yeah Christmas gift. Let's give a cheer. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: Right yeah. Or say if you were walking down the street and you met somebody that you knew. What would you say to 'em? You know just greeting them inquiring about their health? 472: Well I may say to 'em if they uh was nice smiling and everything say Greeting to you. Good morning. Greeting to you. You you must be healthy. You must be happy. You just smiling. Interviewer: Right. 472: Something like that you know. Interviewer: Would you say anything to someone that you didn't know a complete stranger? Would you say if you just met him on the street? 472: No I would just say howdy uh. Good morning or good evening to you. Interviewer: I see. 472: Go- Interviewer: What if if I met you on the street and I said uh uh hello M- {B} How're you getting along? How are you doing? If it was just an average day you know what would you probably say? 472: Oh I'm I'm fine. Getting along good. But now there's a problem right there. I've got to be sure about that. Or I might tell you oh farewell {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 Kicking but not so high, # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: how are Interviewer: #1 you? # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Kicking but not so # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: high. 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's pretty cute. Let me ask you about this uh say if the children are out kinda late you know and uh the the wife's getting a little bit excited about it the husband might say well now uh they'll be home alright just don't 472: Don't worry They'll be home alright. Interviewer: What about what do you call this disease of the joints that some people get? They can just hurt to get around. 472: Rheumatism. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything else? 472: No unless it was uh there's a name for it but I I can't call it now. Interviewer: It's arth- 472: Ar- arthritis. Arthritis. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that the sa- 472: Arthritis. Arthritis. Interviewer: That's the same thing? 472: I think it is. {X} No arthritis cause your joints to swell I believe. {X} Yeah and it'll it'll put knots on it. Interviewer: Huh. 472: Arthritis. Interviewer: Rheumatism just 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 uh # 472: {NW} arthritis can make knots on you. Maybe on your elbow. Interviewer: {X} 472: {X} {X} Interviewer: I see. Did you ever hear of this disease that children used to get they'd get uh sores in their throat so they couldn't swallow you know? 472: Yeah that's called uh Sore throat uh croup. Interviewer: #1 Is that # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} is that kinda like uh if uh if 472: The croup. Croup is uh after your throat get sore your just a croup it {NW} talk or croup it and you have uh uh sore throat and your voice goes to fail {D: croupism} is a failing of the voice. Interviewer: I see. 472: That's right. It's choking uh uh lung to where you can't uh in your in your speaker wherever that's at you know. It has something to do with that and it's called uh croup. {X} Interviewer: Ever heard that called diphtheria? 472: Uh well someone called it tonsillitis. {X} They call it that. And uh diphtheria now diphtheria is a different thing from just a sore throat. It's a different thing from just a croup or cold or something like that. Interviewer: It's pretty serious? 472: Yes diphtheria uh will choke you to death. Interviewer: I see. 472: And I saw a little darling die with it one evening. Interviewer: Huh. 472: Lord I hope and pray and trust that I never see that happen again. That's an awful thing it's {D: white for breathe} you know and couldn't breathe. Throat swelled up. And do- they called a doctor from Bay Minette was down here about seven or eight miles. And they called a doctor and he's coming. But there was a woman bringing a baby. And just had to stay with her then. Got that baby. {X} She got out of there called for the hot water. And stuff but it was too late. Interviewer: {NW} 472: He'd he'd turned black in the face and You reckon a little breathe he'd get in it. And he's come back to his color And he kept kept on getting it less and less. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Until it died. Just quit breathing. Interviewer: Sad. 472: {NW} {D: the next moment I could kill} {X} I never saw nobody Interviewer: {X} 472: She went out in the highway and just got out on the highway. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: He wouldn't have to die like that. Interviewer: {X} Have you ever heard of any disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 472: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: I see. Well what about if if somebody had it had to have his appendix taken out he might've had an attack of 472: Uh appendicitis. Interviewer: Right. 472: That's what they call it. Interviewer: Do you still got your's? 472: Appendicitis. Uh yeah. Interviewer: Me too. {NW} Got to keep hold of it 472: {X} Interviewer: Say if if somebody eats something that disagrees with him and it came back up you'd say that he had to 472: Uh vomit. But it's really really the name of it they call it uh uh s- uh it's got another name up there. Can't call it right now. Anyhow it's got another name besides vomit. Interviewer: Ever 472: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: yeah yeah. Yeah puke. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: the old-fashioned name. Interviewer: Y- uh-huh. 472: Yeah that's now I got it right. Uh puke's what it's called. Interviewer: Is that a joking way 472: #1 No sir. # Interviewer: #2 of saying that or # it just the regular way? 472: Yes regular old-fashioned Interviewer: #1 {D: Alright} # 472: #2 puking. # 472: You just puke. Interviewer: He just had to puke. 472: Yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 that's # right. Interviewer: {NW} Somebody who's a {X} you say he's sick where? He's sick 472: He's sick to his stomach. Interviewer: Yeah. That's a bad way to be. 472: {NW} {NW} {X} I been all along the line Interviewer: Say if a if a boy keeps going over to the same girl's house pretty regular and the neighbors figure he's getting serious about her. You'd say that he's doing what? He's 472: {NW} Well I'd call it overdoing the thing. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 he just # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: He 472: originally and we can have a little talk about that. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Uh you know in my day with courting days I went at the weekend. Maybe I might run over a little while Saturday night. And we'd fix up dinner for Sunday go to church. And then I'd see her back home Sunday night that was about it. And now then uh practically every night uh they'll they'll do that. They'll run over to the neighbor or go to the girl's house or she'll go to his house. That's too much. If they are real sweet nice people that's still too much because they'll be where that they'll. Uh they just can't it just ain't right for 'em to be that way. Because it'll cause trouble. There'll come attractions they'll come up too much it's too much of a thing. They need to see one another just {X} regular e- every weekend I I think. Unless it's necessary for 'em to go over to the house to go to prayer meeting or something like that. Or some little uh birthday party or something like that. I'd just stay with 'em all the time cuz they cause trouble. According to the Bible you lust to the flesh is what does such harm That's where the harm comes in really. And uh we have to ward all of this. And if the old folks lets 'em go to each other go to each other like that too often liable to cause trouble. Best in this day and time there's so much over the television. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: They learned how to get by with. {X} just makes a bad thing of it. And if I had a young girl or boy they they they they'd have to listen to me. Now I just wouldn't let it I wouldn't allow it. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Because I want things to keep smooth and that's the only way to do it. Got to keep it smooth. Interviewer: Right. What di- what does he ask her to marry him? If she didn't want him you'd say she did what to him? 472: Oh well she'd have to uh {NW} she'd just have to tell him that uh she didn't want to marry him. Interviewer: Turned him down or 472: Turned y- you yeah I'll I'll have to turn you down. You'll have to get somebody else I don't want to marry you. That's it Interviewer: I see yeah. 472: {X} It may it may work either way you see. The boy or the girl might not wanna marry. Interviewer: Well say if uh if they do get married you know the man who stands up with the groom at the wedding? What is he what would you call him? He's the 472: Bride and the groom. {NW} Interviewer: And the man who stands up with the groom he's the 472: Preacher. Interviewer: Is there another one called the uh the best man or something like that? 472: No. {X} {X} Interviewer: Around these parts did y'all ever have any kind of uh. You know after a wedding if the couple's not going off anywhere on a honeymoon a lotta people will just follow 'em back the house and kinda you know 472: {X} Interviewer: Right. You say you're having a 472: A a an initiating party. In other words initiating. Interviewer: What would go on in one of those? Have you ever been in on one of 'em? 472: No but I've heared a lot about 'em. Uh they generally take you and ride you on a pole. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Uh carry you on a pole uh. Put you in a barrel or there ain't no telling what they might do to you. You know just how {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Terrible thing to do at somebody's wedding. 472: Yeah. {X} they initiate you in this city just let you go through with rough things. And they just {X} overpower you there ain't to do about it but just take it. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Yeah initiate you that's ca- what's it all about. Interviewer: Did people ever call that a chivalry or serenade? 472: Yeah they've called it uh chivalry uh yeah. Uh may I tell you a little something what I saw here at the store the other day. I saw a little slim man and he had something in his arm and I thought it was bird feed. I was standing way over you know? And I walked up to him I said what kinda bird what's that bird feed you got in your arm? He said no. Said that's rice. Rice? Yeah I seen it on the sack then got the name of it. {C: train whistle} And the little boy had two big five-pound bag he had. He had six or seven of 'em. And uh and then he told me what he's gonna do with that rice. He was going to initiate it at a wedding. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 472: That's right. And it {X} I told him I said {X} I love rice and then him throw all that rice away. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} {NW} Just throw it all over 'em. 472: Yeah uh waste it. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 472: But that was a sight now the look of that man standing there with all that much rice and just throw it away. Interviewer: That's too bad. 472: Yeah it's too bad {X} I I'd rather get a rock or something like that a small rock then go to waste {NW} Interviewer: You know if uh if young people get together and they have some music and the couples get out on the floor and move about you say they're having a 472: Having a party a dance Uh a waltzing. {X} you know be called many names you know. Be a waltzing. Interviewer: Did you ever do that much? 472: No but I saw saw uh saw people do it and my mother's told me a lot about waltzing. Interviewer: Oh. 472: And it's real nice it's real nice at that time to have music and waltz. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. 472: But now and then they come in for frolicking and then they come in to do mean things in other words too much whiskey. Interviewer: Oh. Yeah. 472: And fall off and let {X} mess it up the whole deal. {NW} And uh so I I don't I don't condemn nobody for frolicking if they're going to have a nice time like that and enjoy life but I wouldn't wanna uh uh en- enticing them to go to these places where there's whiskey. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: {X} Interviewer: Yes sir I see. 472: I believe in how past time uh really ought to do it. But not not in the wrong way. Interviewer: I see. Ask you about this expression say if it's uh if at three oh clock the children get out of school. You say at three oh clock school 472: School ends at three oh clock uh turns out at three oh clock. Interviewer: Yes sir. Right. Or if it's if it's been the summertime and school hasn't been in toward the end of the summer somebody might ask well when does school 472: Start. Yeah. Interviewer: I see. You know when a if a young boy leaves home and he's supposed to go to school but he never gets there on purpose you say he did what? 472: Uh let's see now well he's {NS} {X} you could call that several things. But uh he's playing hooky. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that? {NW} 472: No. Interviewer: {D: I don't think I} have either. 472: No never did hear I had a boy did it. Interviewer: Oh really? {NW} 472: I've got him to stake him up He ain't do it no more. Interviewer: What'd you have to do to him? I went down to {X} where he was to get out {X} I got my {X} I tanned him up real good about You gave him a 472: Whipping. And I {X} and I tried not to beat him too hard I just beat him a little bit to scare him. Told him I said don't make this happen no more I says {D: they won't own} put me in jail they'll put you in jail too. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I really thought it was true Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah.} # 472: #2 you know? # Interviewer: {X} 472: He never did do it no more as I know of. Interviewer: That took care of it? 472: That took care of it. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Well when you when you start school when you begin school you go into the 472: First grade. Interviewer: And now a days instead of sitting at benches every child has his own 472: Own desk. Interviewer: And some rooms you just have a room full of those 472: Desks. {X} Yeah. Interviewer: Let me ask you about a 472: {D: Start coming to falling little disk} Interviewer: Right. {NW} 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 472: Old fashioned Interviewer: Let me ask you about a a few buildings around town like if you wanted to check out a book you'd go down to the 472: Uh down to the books- uh store. Or book- uh Interviewer: Or if you just wanted to borrow it. 472: Yeah go down and borrow one which I did here in town. Borrowed one like that. Interviewer: Go to the public 472: Public uh library. Interviewer: And if you wanted to mail a package you'd go down to the 472: Post office. Interviewer: What about if somebody had to stay overnight in a strange town they'd stay at the 472: They'd stay at the hotel. Or motel. Or Interviewer: {X} Well what about if you wanted to see a movie or a play? You'd go to the 472: You'd go to the uh {C: tapping noise} uh {NS} {NS} uh I I I don't never keep that in my mind much theater. Interviewer: Yeah right. 472: {NW} Interviewer: You got one here in town? 472: Yep. Interviewer: Or if you wanted to catch a train you'd go down to the 472: Depot. Interviewer: Or the rail- 472: Railroad. Depot. Interviewer: You know in a lot of towns like Bay Minette you've got the businesses downtown, arranged around the courthouse? What do you what do you call that area right downtown? 472: Uh I would call it just a circle around the courthouse. Uh such and such businesses {X} such a corner or such a in the middle or somewhere right there Interviewer: I was just 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah. I was just wondering if people around here called it the uh square or court square or 472: Yeah they uh around the square yeah. And the courthouse is on the square. And uh they call it around the square such a corner or such a place. Interviewer: I see. Well say if downtown you had a building that was sitting right here and you had another one right here you'd say this one was right across the street from this one but if this one was like right here. You'd say that this building was 472: Just a little below. Or above. Interviewer: Or it's not straight across it's 472: No it's just catty-cornered. Interviewer: Right. Right. Right. Right. You ever heard people say instead of catty-cornered say antigodlin or antigoglin 472: Yeah. Lots of times. Call it antigoglin {X} Interviewer: How would how would they use that? How would they say that word? 472: Well they'd just say it's kinda uh catty-cornered antigoglin across the street from one another. {X} Interviewer: It means the same thing? 472: Means the same thing. Interviewer: Have you ever ridden on these things that people used to use for transportation in the cities. They rode on rails and had a power from the wire overhead? 472: I sure have. Yeah I certainly have. Streetcars. Interviewer: Right. Where did you ride one? 472: Mobile. Went clean around on one uh took it clean around we took it clean around one time. We wanted to tell me something Interviewer: {NW} 472: {D: about that} how the colored people done it. About the paying you know? Interviewer: {NW} 472: How they scratch around in their purse for just one penny? Not one penny. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Didn't none of 'em do that and they done it that day {X} Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 472: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: {D: They just ain't got mad or anything.} You see I got to where I start to put 'em off. Interviewer: They just had to do that I 472: #1 Reckon # Interviewer: #2 guess. # 472: had to break it up they just see who they are and they not honest. You know, just one penny now, just a little old penny. Just think about that. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yeah. Interviewer: And if you were riding on a bus you might tell the bus driver well now this next corner's where I want 472: Yeah is the next stop. I want to stop at this corner. Interviewer: {X} That's where I want to 472: Get off. Interviewer: Here in uh Bay Minette where you have the courthouse you'd say that Bay Minette is the 472: County seat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. Now I've I've noticed that several counties around have two county seats. Have you ever heard of that? 472: No. I don't believe. Interviewer: #1 Some places # 472: #2 I have. # Interviewer: Do has uh two county seats. {NS} 472: Wow. {X} Interviewer: Got two courthouses in the county. 472: {X} had a {X} for anything. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: one of 'em! Interviewer: They had that in Coffee County. Enterprise and uh Elba are the county seats in Coffee County. 472: Oh wow. Interviewer: Right across that in several counties in Mississippi. More than you think. 472: {NW} Interviewer: Well say a a man who has a a civil service job you say he works for the federal 472: Federal government. Interviewer: And what about the police in a town, you say they're supposed to maintain the 472: Maintain the town? Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or the law 472: Or the law yeah. Uh they obey the law? Yeah they they supposed to maintain it. The law. Interviewer: Law and order? 472: And order. Yeah. Sorta like that makes me think about what I been hearing. Interviewer: What's that? 472: Said the uh the uh the world is upset {X} said the world is uh upset and outta order. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: It's not order no more. It's just about that way. {X} Interviewer: What do uh what do people around here call the war that uh occurred between the North and the South you know over a hundred years ago? That's the 472: Confederate {C: car horn honking} War. Interviewer: Ever heard it referred to as anything else? 472: {X} {NS} Interviewer: Spill something? 472: Well it's a little bit it's soaked. Interviewer: What is that? 472: {D: Mail ball} Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 It's what # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: they used in the Confederate. Interviewer: That's a heavy little thing isn't it? What was that uh 472: However they had they would shoot it through Interviewer: What was that shot out of? 472: uh some kind of rifle. Interviewer: Where'd you find that? 472: Oh I think this one somebody give me this one but my daddy had a plum bunch of 'em and you can go down here to uh uh {X} no not Fort Morgan. Down at Heritage somewhere believe it is and you can find 'em in the ground. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Dig in the ground. Where they had the last battle. Interviewer: I see. That's interesting. 472: Yeah. {NW} Now here's a modern. Interviewer: Oh yeah. {NW} Got a clip. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Those things'll kinda mess you up I imagine. 472: That's right. Well I have several things I could show you in there but I back {NS} back when I was young. Interviewer: You know in the days before they had the electric chair you'd say that murderers were something wrong with your No I just {X} Oh. 472: Uh how was that now? Interviewer: Before you know they had the electric chair you'd say that murderers were 472: Were hanged. {C: train whistle} And on the gallows. {NS} {X} hanged to trees. {X} a lot of ems hanged just hanged to a tree. {NS} Interviewer: Or if a man was gonna commit suicide you'd say he went out and 472: Went out and committed suicide. Interviewer: Or he himself. 472: Hung himself. Yeah. Interviewer: Kind of a bad thing isn't it? 472: It really is. Interviewer: Do you ever does that ever happen in uh Bay 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Minette? # 472: they coming in here. Tear up my yard. Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 472: #2 {X} # {X} they just turn it around. Those uh Interviewer: Garbage 472: #1 Garbage # Interviewer: #2 trucks? # 472: trucks. Yeah. Make me want to {X} I just built that bank. Just had 'em to come in and then sweat you know Interviewer: {D: Grass snake.} 472: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Kinda mess it up. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Well when uh somebody goes to church you say that uh he goes to listen to the preacher preach a fine 472: Sermon. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything else? A sermon or he preached a fine uh 472: Message. Interviewer: Message. Or some people will say they uh they also liked to go to church to listen to the beautiful 472: Uh beautiful message yeah. {D: Alright.} Hear the gospel. Interviewer: Or the choir #1 makes # 472: #2 Or the # choir makes yeah. Choir sing. Interviewer: Nice music. 472: Yeah. Choir. I have to go hear the nice music and choir singing and Interviewer: Yeah I see. What uh uh talking about if somebody has done you a favor. You might say well I sure am much to you. 472: I'm much obliged Interviewer: #1 Right. # 472: #2 to # you. Yeah. Interviewer: {X} I see. And if uh if a person has to go downtown to get some things, he says he needs to go downtown to do some 472: Shopping. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you buy something, the store keeper took a piece of paper and for you. 472: And he wrote it up for me. Interviewer: Or he wrapped 472: Wrapped it yeah wrapped it in the main thing Interviewer: And when you got home you 472: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: What about if uh if a store is selling things for less than what they paid for 'em. you'd say that he's selling at 472: At a sale. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Yeah. Discount. Interviewer: Right. Right. Or I guess would uh would that necessarily be uh he's selling at a loss? Do you reckon? 472: Yeah he's selling at a loss. At a discount. And he he he's losing on it. And {NW} some of 'em'll do that and make up on something else though. Interviewer: Oh {NW} 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # But he really not gaining much 472: No that's right. {NW} Interviewer: And if it's toward the uh it's time to pay the bill you say that the bill is 472: Due. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: And some people who are in clubs they have to pay their club 472: Dues. Club dues uh Interviewer: Or maybe call them due 472: {X} Interviewer: Do y'all have to pay dues? 472: Yeah in the {X} senior citizen. Interviewer: Oh that's right you 472: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Just fifty cents a month 472: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: That's not bad dues. 472: No. But we get more than that. Interviewer: What about say if a man wanted to buy something that was pretty expensive and he didn't have enough money he might go to the bank or ask his banker if he could 472: Loan him {X} some money. Interviewer: He'd say I'd like to 472: Uh yeah I'd like to borrow it. So much money. Interviewer: and the banker might say well we'd like to give it to you but now a days money's mighty. 472: Mighty scarce. {NW} Interviewer: I see. You were talking about making {C: overlapping exterior audio} a springboard. Have you ever gone off one of those things into the water? 472: Never have. Interviewer: Really? 472: Never have. I've dove off of the bank. I never have off of a spring board Interviewer: {X} Well do you know how to 472: Swim. Interviewer: Do you do have you done that very much? 472: Not too much but I can swim. {D: Find} a pretty wide place I'll get out. {X} Interviewer: Has it you know if somebody gets in water and its too deep for 'em and they can't swim they might 472: Drown. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of that happening around here? 472: Yes sir. Happened down on the coast here a few days ago Interviewer: What did he get caught in the undertow or something like 472: Yeah. I think he did Got out too far {X} trying to trying to {X} they got them big old {X} way on out there you know? And that wind got up I think what happened. Best I learned and it throwed it out in the gulf. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: He was trying to go out there and get it. Interviewer: {NW} 472: It's more than he could do. Interviewer: He got out too far? 472: Yeah. Current got him. Interviewer: I see. 472: {X} Interviewer: You ever seen anybody dive in the water and just land flat right on their stomach, make a popping noise? 472: On the belly-buster. Interviewer: Right. 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} That ever happen to you? 472: N- no. Uh-uh. Not that I know of. Interviewer: Well what about if a boy is playing out in the yard, he might tuck his head down between his legs and kick out his feet and go over you know? 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: Somersault {X} Interviewer: #1 Right. # 472: #2 they called? # 472: Yeah. Somersault. Interviewer: What about you know if you go into to a store to pay off your bill uh the storekeeper might give you a little something extra, just for paying it off? 472: Tip? Give you a tip. Yeah. {C: clears throat} Interviewer: Do they do that around here 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 much? # 472: No uh the people at uh these boys are mighty good here at this store back here {X} it makes me think about the in the buggy you know? {X} provision Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Put in the car. And I see a lot of 'em get tips. They tip 'em lots. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Quarter. Something like that. Uh-huh. Interviewer: I see. {NW} Okay. What would you say uh a baby what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 472: Crawls. Interviewer: Yeah. And now a days sometimes if a child is going to sleep, before he'll go to sleep right next to his bed you say he down and said his prayers 472: Kneels. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} 472: Say his prayers. Interviewer: Do you reckon children still do that? 472: Some few. Some few do. Interviewer: I see. 472: Not too many. Interviewer: When you're sleeping, you know do you ever see things in your sleep you know, you say that you're you begin to 472: Dream. {NW} dreamed last night. Interviewer: You don't ever do you ever have nightmares or 472: No. I don't have any but I have dreams and visions. Interviewer: Yeah, you were telling me about that the other day. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Say if a boy you know meets a girl at a party and he wants to make sure that she gets home alright. He might ask her, well may I 472: Take you home. May I see you home? And I have a little something I'd like to tell you on that line. Interviewer: Okay. 472: {NW} Just comes to my mind. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: I asked a girl would you care for a boy of my complexion to go in your direction to be your perfection? Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: How about that? Interviewer: Hey I'm putting that down. 472: {NW} Interviewer: Say would you care 472: If a boy of my complexion to go your direction to be your perfection. {NW} Interviewer: You really told that to somebody? 472: {NW} Oh well {NW} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {NW} # 472: That's pretty good. Interviewer: That's pretty good. 472: Yeah that's {NW} Interviewer: I don't see {X} 472: Sly way sly way of asking her to let me go home with her. Interviewer: I don't see how she could turn you down after that. 472: Uh okay you promised her a whole lot {X} Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 If she # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: likes your complexion. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: That's funny.} # 472: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {NW} well say if uh some children were playing around in the kitchen the woman might say well now that stove's hot so don't 472: Touch it. Be careful don't touch that stove. Interviewer: {D: Right.} When uh when you were growing up did you ever play a game where you chased each other you know a game of tag or something like that? 472: Yeah and uh snap we used to called it snap. Interviewer: What was that? 472: Snap yeah. Playing snap. Uh you'd take uh let's see you take a handkerchief and put two together right standing together you know and play snap. And run around one another like that. But it's really called tag. Snap and tag are about the same thing. Interviewer: Was there a place that you could run to to be safe where they couldn't get you? 472: Well now that's that's another game that's what uh what we call stealing sticks. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Or stealing hogs or stealing whatever you wanna call it. And we draw a line and uh we all come up to the line and we got a ring about that chair with sticks in it and and Mr or Mrs go uh make a dart go out there and get one y- you beat her to it. You won't let her get it you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: She can't get to it if she beats you there uh. uh she gets a stick but if you don't you tag her so she can't go back across her line on the other side. {X} Until the whole game's played out. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: call that place that you ran to the goal or home base or 472: Uh no in my town they just called it a line. Interviewer: {D: Right} 472: Beat to the line. Yeah. Interviewer: I see yes. Say if uh if you have a man who's working for you except he's not doing a very good job. You might say well old so-and-so hasn't been doing his job it looks like I'm gonna have to get 472: Get rid of him. Interviewer: {D: Right.} 472: Or turn him off. Interviewer: #1 {X}- # 472: #2 Dis- # card him. Interviewer: Right. Now a man who just smiles a lot has nice things to say about people you say well uh he sure seems to be in a good 472: Good mood. Interviewer: {X} Or he has a good sense of 472: Of good sense of uh {X} to be a nice fellow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Or a good sense of humor? 472: Of humor yeah. {D: That's it} {X} Interviewer: What about uh if a boy leaves his best pen out on his desk and he leaves the room and when he comes back it's gone? 472: Somebody {X} you would say somebody stole his pen. {X} Uh {X} somebody borrowed it only whether they'll bring it back or not. Interviewer: {NW} That's one way of getting around saying he stole it. 472: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. Say if uh if you write somebody you might say uh after you write the letter, you take the envelope and you do what to it? 472: Address it. Interviewer: And you might say well I'd like to write old so-and-so but I just don't know his 472: Address. Interviewer: And if you go to all of that trouble of writing him a letter you expect to get a 472: hearing Interviewer: I beg your pardon? 472: You you you expect to hear from him. Interviewer: You expect 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 to get an # answer? 472: And that's a return. Interviewer: Right. I see. Now when you were a child did y'all ever was there ever another child that always went around telling on other children? 472: Uh yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: What'd you call that? 472: A tattletale Interviewer: Right. 472: {NW} {NW} Yeah I remember that. Interviewer: I don't imagine they were too popular where they? 472: That little old tattletale. Interviewer: {C: clears throat} Or say if uh if you wanted to brighten up your house a little bit and you had some flowers growing outside. you might say well I think I'm going to go outside and 472: I was watching the people over there. Uh how was that now? Oh if you had some flowers growing outside and you wanted to brighten up your room a little bit you might say well I think I'm going to go outside and Get get a bouquet. Interviewer: Or pick some 472: Pick some flowers and bring 'em in the Interviewer: What about these things that uh a little child plays with you say he just has a room full of 'em. 472: Toys. Interviewer: Ever heard those called anything else? He's got a lot of toys or a lot of uh 472: Uh uh {X} yeah he's got a lotta play things. Interviewer: Play things. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Right. Or say if if a boy was outside with a ball and bat and he just took that bat and hit that ball through somebody's window. You might say well he didn't that wasn't an accident he did that 472: On purpose. On purpose. Interviewer: Right. Or say if uh if somebody accidentally was fooling around with a big knife he accidentally did what to himself? 472: Stuck it stuck it in his leg. {X} {D: stuck it in his} {X} Interviewer: Or stabbed 472: Stabbed hisself yeah. Interviewer: Have you got any what would you call a a big knife that you might use around the kitchen? 472: A butcher butcher knife. {X} A butcher knife. Interviewer: That'd be pretty dangerous if you don't know what you're doing. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Yes sir. Or have you ever had to uh if you had a real heavy weight you had to lift up on the roof or something you might've had to rig up a block and tackle and that thing up? 472: Uh heist it up. Yeah. Heist it up. Interviewer: Right. 472: {NS} Yeah I got a block and tackle. Interviewer: Do you? 472: Yeah. Small one. Interviewer: What do you use it 472: #1 {D: Thousand} # Interviewer: #2 for? # 472: pounds. Uh pick up things that I need to pick up and I can't manage by myself. Interviewer: {X} 472: Uh two days ago I had to renew uh the foundation under my washpot out there. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And it's heavy. I didn't do nothing but just straddle it with that ladder and put my block and tackle on it. And just raised it right on up and fixed the foundation of it back down. {X} But I couldn't never do it by myself {D: anyway} Interviewer: I see. Yeah. 472: Block and tackle you know. {X} Interviewer: You were telling me about those uh different kind of plows that people used to use? What did you call those rows that were cut out by the plow? 472: Uh we call we call 'em uh furrows. Interviewer: Right. 472: Open up the fur- Interviewer: Right. I see. {X} Or say if a farmer had a piece of land with a lot of bushes and trees on it, and he wanted to put it {X} to cultivate you say he did what to it? 472: Cleared it up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: To clear it up. Interviewer: Yeah. Ever heard of of a piece of land that'd just been cleared called anything? 472: New ground. Interviewer: {X} Right. {X} What a- what about if a crop comes up in a field even though you didn't plant it there you'd say that was a 472: Well that would be a miracle if if it's it's vegetables. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} Right. Ever heard people use the word volunteer? Uh yeah. Uh-huh. We have volunteer plants around the places. Uh they'd come up voluntary just talking about the tomato if it comes up the third year the same seed come back. {X} third year. At the end they're tommy-toe. Little small 472: #1 ones. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Interviewer: Oh I see {X} About around here about how much uh corn and uh to an acre would you say is a good yield? 472: I wouldn't hardly know about how much to an acre. {X} Uh shelled corn I guess it'd be about five bushels I imagine. Interviewer: About five bushels? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 472: To an acre. Good corn. Interviewer: Yeah. Did uh people around here ever uh grow wheat? 472: Oh yeah. {X} Interviewer: do still? 472: {X} Interviewer: Whe- when they cut the wheat what do they tie it up into? 472: Bundles. Interviewer: Do p- do people around here talk about uh shocking wheat or a shock of wheat? 472: Uh yeah the- they shock it and then uh they move it. Haul it. {X} They'll shock it and it'll stay there very long. Interviewer: {X} 472: They have to move it inside the barn so it doesn't get wet in the rain. Interviewer: I see. Say if if you got some oats and you 472: #1 {C: clears throat} # Interviewer: #2 want # you wanna separate the uh uh the grain from the chaff you say you did what to the oats? You 472: Uh you you have to thrash 'em. Thrash it out. Interviewer: Right. 472: Thrashing machine. Interviewer: You ever operated one of those? 472: Never have. Interviewer: I see {X} Let me ask you about uh a few expressions. Say if uh if we happen to do a job together you'd say that and that and had to do this. 472: Yeah. Me and so-so whatever his name is {X} we would have to do this together. {X} It takes two to do this. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 472: #2 Instead # of one. Interviewer: Right. In other words it's it's not just one of us it's 472: It's it's two operating it together. Interviewer: Or both. 472: Or both yeah. Both cooperating together. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to identify yourself without using your name. If you went over to somebody's house and knocked on his door and he called out well who's that? And you knew that he was going to recognize your voice you might say. Oh open the door it's just 472: It's just me {X} Interviewer: Right. {NW} Or this expression if you're comparing how tall you are you might say well he's not as tall as 472: {NW} Yeah as the other person. Or if you were comparing you yourself to somebody you might say well he's not as tall as I am. Interviewer: Or if it were the other way around you might say well I'm not as tall as 472: He is. Interviewer: Right. Or talking about how well you can do something you might say that uh he can do it better than 472: Than I Interviewer: Right. 472: or I can. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Oh when we were talking about uh bacon the other day I meant to ask you when you slice off a piece of bacon sometimes there's a real tough edge to it you know that you might want to cut off. What would you call that? {X} 472: Uh {NW} well there's a we we named this piece of bacon the middling. Or belly. Side belly. Or I sometimes we get I have saw where that they uh get this meat to slice off and uh where the tits was would be a hard place. Interviewer: {NW} A little hard in the middling that's what it was. {X} lotta lotta lotta lotta {X} but it's just tougher there than anywhere else. {D: Right.} 472: And uh we just cut that off see all that's the old uh where the old sow piggy was #1 something # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: like that it came off. It's the hard place. Interviewer: Yeah I see. 472: Um Interviewer: you ever hear of people talk about not being able to chew that bacon rind or skin or 472: Too tough. Yeah. Interviewer: Is that what they're calling it the uh 472: Yeah. Tough. Too tough. Interviewer: Is it the rind or 472: Tough uh Skin no they just call it skin. Interviewer: Skin. 472: That old skin too tough. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} say if if you kept meat uh too long, you'd stay the meat's done what? 472: Spoiled. Or some people can just where it's a little tainted they'll say oh it's rotten. But it ain't. It's just {NW} Just tainted tainted, that's a matter of fact. Interviewer: Can can meat be strong without being spoiled? 472: Yeah. That's called old age. You keep it too long it gets strong. And some of it well it uh eventually rust. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Form a rust. Uh you can keep meat salted down for very long. Just dry salt. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: It'll rust real fast. Interviewer: {NW} {X} 472: {X} Interviewer: Right. I see. Yeah. What about well what about butter that's gotten that way you know you say the butter's 472: Butter's too old {C: clears throat} needs uh reworking. You can rework it and then wash it through the water rework it and it's re-salt it and it'd be just about as f- good as fresh! Interviewer: I see. 472: It helps. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Put that in the cold water. Interviewer: You ever heard of people talking about bad butter use the word funky? They say it's 472: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: smells funky. Taste is funky yeah I've heard that a lot of the time. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. Have you ever had a something for dessert that was made with oh either apple slices or maybe peach slices that have a nice thick crust to it and you cook it in a deep dish? 472: It's called a pie. Interviewer: Is there anything else kind of like that uh 472: But nowadays Interviewer: Got a crust all the way through it? 472: No it's it's either a peach pie or pear pie or apple pie. Interviewer: What about a cobbler? 472: Uh they call it they call it uh a pea- a peach cobbler. Yeah. And they call that {X} I guess that's the modern name. {X} Interviewer: #1 Cobbler? # 472: #2 {X} # 472: Yeah cobbler. Interviewer: I see. 472: {X} {X} Interviewer: Say if somebody has a real good appetite you might say well old so-and-so likes to put away his 472: His food {X} him can eat. {X} Or it'll put away a lotta food. Interviewer: You ever hear people around here use the word vittle? 472: Vittle? Yeah yeah. Take a lot of vittles for him. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} Interviewer: Right I see. Or say if you're eating food between regular meals you say you're having a 472: Uh having a break or uh a lunch. Or uh snack. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah snack is better Interviewer: Well talking about food what ki- if you were going to uh pour some sweet liquid over a pudding or a pie what would that be? You'd call that a 472: Well I I'd think I'd uh more or less I'd be fixing up a dessert. In other words uh that's the way I see it it it'd be sweet. Be liken to a dessert. But you can put different kinds of sweets on there. Honey syrup uh sugar. Most everything is sweet. Interviewer: Would you call that a sauce or a dip or a 472: Well they they do they name it now I mean they call stuff like that sauce or stuff. Sauce to put on there. The best I know. Interviewer: I see. {X} Say if if you you were having some people over for a meal and uh they were just all standing around the table and you didn't want 'em to keep standing you might say well why don't y'all go ahead and 472: And sit down? Interviewer: Right. 472: {X} Interviewer: Or if uh you didn't want 'em to wait until something was passed to 'em you'd say well now just go ahead and 472: Help yourself. Interviewer: Right. Right. What if what if you were invited over for a meal at somebody's house and somebody passed you something that you just could not could not eat what would you say? 472: Uh thank you I I wouldn't care for that. Interviewer: I see. Are there any kinds of food that you just don't like? 472: Well not {X} not too many. They would be a few but not too many. {X} Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Uh I think the very to to to just put the peanut in the hull about such as anything that I eat uh like soups or or greens or beans or peas cooked and to put sugar in 'em. I'd rather see you pour 'em in the garbage can. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I don't want no sweets in nothing I eat like that. Uh I I don't care for that I just I'd rather see it go in the garbage. Just try to eat it. Because that little sweet is is sickening to me. I'd rather have it plain. Have it seasoned good for whatever you season it with don't have that {X} Some people w- wants that sugar and stuff. They just think it makes it real fine you know. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: It's funny how people have different appetites. {X} Interviewer: It sure is. 472: It's just like that. Interviewer: It sure is. Yeah. Well what about uh food that's been uh heated and served a second time? You say you're having 472: We're having a left-over. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: When it's reheated. Interviewer: Right. Right I see. Have you ever eaten anything like mush? 472: Yeah. I like mush. Interviewer: What is that exactly? 472: Well I'm trying to think of the name of this here you can buy it. Cream of wheat. That's a mush. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: Yeah that'll be a mush {X} Interviewer: I see. Yeah. Say if I have on a belt that's made out of cowhide and it's it's uh not artificial cowhide I might say well now this isn't artificial cowhide this is 472: This is real leather. Interviewer: In other words it's gen- 472: Genuine genuine. It'd be genuine cowhide. Interviewer: Right. 472: Genuine. Interviewer: Right. 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 472: Genuine leather yeah or or cowh- whatever you wanna call it leather. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: {X} Interviewer: Well what about sometimes when people are eating breakfast if they're had a hot toast they'll like to spread on some 472: Butter. Interviewer: And some 472: And some uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 mayonnaise. # Interviewer: Or some blackberry 472: Jelly. Jam. Interviewer: Do you like that with uh 472: I bear with it. I like that right there Interviewer: I see. And things that people have on their table to season their food with they have shakers for 472: They have salt shakers and pepper shakers. And then they have shakers filled with uh grated onions. You can put on it with Interviewer: Right. What wou- what would you call a a lot of fruit trees growing together? You'd say you have a big 472: Big fruit orchard. Interviewer: For what? 472: Fruit orchard. Interviewer: I see. Do y'all have uh many peaches growing around here? Not many no. The trees get up about grow and then die. Or uh an old worm gets in 'em and uh kills 'em. Right. What would you call that hard inside part of a peach? 472: Uh the peach seed. Interviewer: Right. Do you remember the kinda tree that uh Washington was supposed to have cut down? 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: see I did know but I done forgot. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Cherry? 472: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call that hard inside part of a cherry? 472: Well it's called a seed. Interviewer: Seed too? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Do y'all have these uh kind of peaches around here where the the meat of the peach is real tight against the seed? 472: That's what you call uh uh Call it in a minute just give me a little time to think of it. Crest seed. Call it a crest-seed peach and then there's a clear-seed peach. And we're getting the clear-seed now. Interviewer: Right. 472: First one was crest-seed. Interviewer: I see. I see. 472: Crest seed. Interviewer: What about that inside part of an apple that's left after you've eaten around it? 472: Core. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Do people around here ever take uh slice up peaches or apples and let 'em dry? 472: Yeah they do. Or did yeah while back if I I heared 'em talk about. Interviewer: What do they use 'em for? 472: Uh they use 'em to cook or cereal black black cereal for breakfast you can uh like these dried apples you get in the store you know you can fix 'em more and uh cook 'em for breakfast. Interviewer: {NW} 472: They they keep dry. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} I see. Yeah. Well what kinda nuts grow around here? 472: Walnut. Hickory nut. Pecan. And uh {NW} what I ha- acorns uh. And that's about it I believe. Interviewer: You got any almonds? 472: No we don't have {X} Interviewer: Don't have those 472: Uh {X} Interviewer: Do have you ever seen uh maybe somebody left an apple out in the hot sun it would dry up and 472: Shrivel. Interviewer: It's just not good for anything anymore I reckon. 472: No it's soon go away I reckon. Interviewer: {X} 472: Dry. Interviewer: {X} 472: And then rot. Interviewer: {NW} Say if if you wanted to send me to the store to get some lettuce you'd tell me to go to the store to get 472: I'm gonna get me some uh lettuce. Interviewer: Or get two 472: Two heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: {NW} Interviewer: You ever refer you ever hear a man say that he had so many heads of children? 472: {NW} Yeah. {X} seven or eight, ten, whatever it was. How would he say that? I've got me Interviewer: Oh I've got uh ten head {X} I got ten heads a yonder. Ten head of children. Ten head of 'em boys and girls together. Ever heard him say he had a whole passel? 472: No I never have heard that Interviewer: Hadn't heard that word? 472: No passel no Interviewer: But you have heard of head? Yeah? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever smoked? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What did you smoke? 472: Uh mostly Prince Albert. Interviewer: Is that uh 472: #1 Roll # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: roll my own cigarettes. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} {X} Say these people that smoke these old thick brown uh 472: Cigars. I have smoked them too they're pretty strong. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: {X} Interviewer: They sure do smell 472: Yep. Interviewer: mighty strong. 472: I don't mind smelling 'em now {C: silence} Interviewer: Okay. What uh do you ever see these little things uh growing wild around here they'll come up in your yard? They'll look like a little umbrella? It's got a 472: Mushrooms. Mushrooms. Interviewer: Uh so- some people eat those things don't they? 472: Yeah Yeah {X} certain kinds that you eat. And certain kind you don't eat. But I don't really know I don't think you eat the kind that's brown under the bottom. Some of 'em just brown on the bottom and uh not very brown on top you know and some of 'em's real brown all over. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And then some of 'em real white. I don't know which it is I think it's the white one's you eat. Interviewer: Yes sir. I see. You ever heard of people call 'em toadstools? 472: Yep. Sure have. Interviewer: What about uh is that what the way they say it? That's a 472: A frogstool. Interviewer: Frogstool {X} Do y'all have uh birds around here that make this hooting noise that they can see in the dark? 472: Now that's a screech owl. Yeah screech owl. {X} Interviewer: Are those the little ones? The screech owls? 472: The screech owl yeah. Uh the hooting owls they are big swamp owls. Yeah. He makes the big old noise that Interviewer: I see. What about that bird that goes around drilling holes in trees? 472: That's what they call a woodpecker. Or woodchucks. {X} Interviewer: Called 472: #1 Wood- # Interviewer: #2 what? # 472: chucks. Or woodpeckers. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Um 472: We have different kinds of them. We have the whitewing and uh redhead. And we have a big black one with a red head. And we have uh two kinds of speckled one. We got one speckled one the redhead and we have a speckled one all over. Little fellow. Interviewer: I see. What about this animal that's got a white stripe down its back and he smells bad? 472: That's a city cat. Interviewer: Oh. 472: Uh ah there's a city cat and a pole cat. And uh the city cat'll out stink the pole cat. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Because a city cat has {X} they say. Interviewer: Really? 472: But the pole cat don't have such a {X} Interviewer: Oh really? 472: Not not pleasant at all but Interviewer: But they're different? How? 472: They different yes sir. And we have a our and our pole cats are white tops on the head white head. Or whitecap. And a city cat's got stripes. Got stripes. Interviewer: I see. 472: Yeah. You oughta see it the old mother and a bunch of 'em going through the woods. Interviewer: {NW} 472: Little ones are following her? Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: I saw that and that's a pretty sight nothing like that I'm telling you. Interviewer: How many little ones do they usually have? 472: Uh three and four and five. I saw that going through the woods. Interviewer: What about what what kind of animals would be bad about breaking into hen roost and killing your chickens? 472: That's possums. And minks. Possums and minks. Minks might worse thing of course he can get through such a little hole. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What woul- what would you call just a general name for those kind of animals? You might say well I'm gonna get my shotgun and take care of those 472: Uh well it they {X} got different names I wouldn't know. Wait you talking Interviewer: Could you could you say something like uh I'm gonna take care of those varmints? 472: Yeah varmints yeah somethi- yeah yeah that's the name for all of 'em. Varmints. Interviewer: I see yeah. 472: {D: Yeah} Interviewer: You were telling me about squirrels yesterday do y'all have a a little animal that kinda looks like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees? It doesn't have that big bushy tail? 472: Oh that's I believe you talking about flying squirrels. They're squirrel but they're flying squirrels. And uh way they fly they climb a tree to the top and jump out. And spread the the skin spreads under the belly Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And it'll hold 'em up, they don't hit the grounds hard but they won't hit the ground they'll try to hit the bottom of another tree. They real Interviewer: They're just gliding through the air? 472: Glide through the air that's right. Interviewer: {X} I see. 472: It wouldn't hold 'em up to go this way level. But it it'll hold 'em enough to let it go from one tree to another. Interviewer: Yeah I see. 472: They're made that way. Interviewer: {X} Do you know if you have uh chipmunks or ground squirrels something like that? 472: We do. Uh ground squirrels. Oh wait now. No we have what they call groundhogs. But uh the chipmunks {X} I don't know about the chipmunk but I think they have some of 'em in in the country. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: But I know we got the a uh groundhog. Interviewer: I see. Did you you know after that big rain we had yesterday, did you hear any uh frogs making a racket? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What kind would those be? 472: Uh I call 'em rain frogs. They don't know when to get satisfied. Interviewer: {NW} 472: The more rain the more they holler. Interviewer: Right. 472: Now in that pond we have a lot of 'em down in the pond. Interviewer: Are those the little ones? 472: Yeah little bitty fellows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Well what what what's that gray what's the big one that makes that deep 472: That's bullfrogs. Makes that old bellowing kind yeah. The kind that you eat. Interviewer: Right. 472: {NW} Interviewer: You ever had any frog legs? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I never have. 472: I've tried 'em they eat pretty good. Seems like fried chicken. Which I've never eaten anyway just if you try Interviewer: Do you have a a frog that stays around land mostly? Uh around your garden doesn't go in the water much? 472: That's what they call toads. Uh they live on the ground. Toad frogs. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Mostly. Interviewer: what about these animals that have a hard shell and they pull in their head and leg you know? 472: Turtles. Gophers. Interviewer: What's that? 472: A turtle and a gopher is different you know they're both hollow And then they got these old uh what they call these things? Coming out some mu- mud snaps A- and they they haven't got a hard shell too I think Uh can't call the name of 'em now. But they {D: put away} all over the whole world. {X} You know they just Interviewer: But a gopher stays on the ground? 472: Oh usually they stay in the hole he dig him a hole. Put your dens in the ground. Interviewer: {X} 472: And the turtle he just {X} you know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I 472: #1 But # Interviewer: #2 see. # 472: he will uh now these these box shell turtles they will go in a wet place and sink themselves. Interviewer: {NW} 472: I've seen 'em do that. Out on the high wall I guess. They do better there. Interviewer: Oh I see {D: the shell.} What about you know talking about seafood these things that uh are in a shell some people talk about eating 'em on the half-shell. Say pearls grow in 'em you know? They call 'em uh 472: Wouldn't be crabs would it? Interviewer: Well no these things are uh you can fry 'em or you can eat 'em raw uh uh oys- 472: Oy- like oysters? Interviewer: Yes. 472: Oysters? Yeah. Uh you said something about shelling 'em. Uh I thinking you was meaning some kinda uh water uh food that you could eat partly in the shell and just take 'em partly out. Interviewer: Yes- 472: No but an oyster you take 'em all the way. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. 472: I like them. Interviewer: Do you like these little uh little old fantailed ones animals that uh you find in the ocean too? Some people like 'em some kinda cocktail or shrimp? 472: Oh they've got these uh shrimp. And then there's crab. These shrimps are got little old fantail but uh they grow to be about that long I reckon. Well about that a way some of 'em. Interviewer: Oh that's pretty big 472: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 pretty good # size there. 472: Yeah I've saw very {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Well do you have these things that uh you find in the freshwater creeks they look like little lobsters they've got claws? Uh some people use 'em for bait and some people eat 'em? 472: Oh that's crabs too. Interviewer: Well 472: Freshwater crab. Interviewer: Freshw- you got freshwater crabs? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Try those in creeks or 472: Uh no they call it a no it's not the crabs uh freshwater I mean uh {X} used on trout line. Crawfish. Interviewer: Crawfish. 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 472: Crawfish. Interviewer: I see. Yeah. 472: Crawfish. Interviewer: {X} Talking about insects these things that you see sometimes hopping around in your yard? Some of 'em are green and some of 'em are black? 472: Crickets? Interviewer: Crickets or the bigger ones those are 472: {C: speaking to a squirrel out the window} What you looking for? Huh? Interviewer: Oh did you get a squirrel? 472: She was looking in here. She went that way. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Or # 472: I'm used to this light. Interviewer: Oh I see. 472: I never have a light on unless it's not uh {X} Interviewer: Or insects like a grasshopp- 472: Grasshopper? Interviewer: Can you use those for bait? 472: Yeah. They make good brim bait. Grasshoppers do. Interviewer: What about uh what's the best kinda worm to use for bait? 472: Wigglers. Uh these big old earthworms can't hardly be used. But the wiggler is better because he moves too much Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: {X} Earthworm don't. Interviewer: I see. Sometimes people use these little tiny fish for bait don't they? 472: Little minnows? Yeah. You can buy your little minnows use 'em for bait. Had to catch white perch with 'em. Interviewer: Yes sir. I see. {NW} You know sometimes when you're cleaning out your house you'll this stuff'll gather in the corners of your ceiling and you'll have to get something to 472: Yeah dust. Spiderweb. Interviewer: Right. 472: Dust yeah. Interviewer: Are those spiderwebs like the same thing you'd find outside between two bushes or something like that? {NS} 472: No. They're they're a little different from that. They are little round ball looking spiders. And you never see 'em outside hardly they're always in furniture or at the outside they up right up in under a place. Real dry. Dry place. Interviewer: I see. {X} 472: Outhouse you have a lot of 'em in the outhouse if I don't keep spray it. Interviewer: {D: Uh-huh.} Right. Yeah. When you we were talking about trees yesterday I meant to ask you if y'all had any uh sycamores or magnolias around here? 472: We got magnolias. Yeah beautiful magnolias. Uh and a few sycamores. A very few. {NW} Interviewer: I see. Have you ever heard of a a bush that grows around here called either a sumac or shoemake or 472: Sumac yeah. Uh I hadn't saw no sumac in quite a while. Uh it may be some down there around the swamp They really like the swamp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Sumac. Interviewer: Do those have those red berries on 'em? 472: They have berries yeah. Interviewer: They good for anything? 472: No. Just bite for birds all the birds eat. Interviewer: I see yeah. Have you ever gotten into this vine that'll make your skin break out and itch? 472: That's {X} I can take it and wrap it around my neck. Interviewer: It doesn't bother you? 472: {NW} No. {NW} it was I was tending to the land you know the {X} Now I was pulling some down outta the trees there for the landing Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: And Ms Bryant saw me and she liked to had a fit. She said I can't even come by them things {X} if the wind blowing that towards me I'd get poisoned. Interviewer: Oh. 472: And I just took 'em down that a way and put 'em all shoulder and around my arms. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 472: she just like to had a fit. Interviewer: Goodness. 472: Never even bothered me at all Interviewer: {NW} Is that anything like poison ivy or poison oak? 472: Poison oak yeah. It's likened to that yeah. Or sumac. Now the sumac will poison me too. Find a sumac'll real- really get you. Interviewer: I see. What kind of berries do you have growing around here that you can eat? 472: Well we have uh farkleberry. Interviewer: What? 472: Farkleberry. Yew berry. And strawberries and uh blueberries. Several several kinds of berries. Interviewer: Aren't there any raspberries? 472: And raspberries. {C: train whistle} Some people got them. Interviewer: I see yeah. What about you know this thing that uh has wheels on it you can put a baby in it and it'll lie down and you can 472: Oh that's what they call a baby buggy. Interviewer: Right. 472: {X} Interviewer: Well if you had one of those you might say well I think I'm gonna put the baby in it and go 472: Yeah go shopping. Interviewer: Or I'm gonna the baby around. 472: Yeah. Take a little jaunt or. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {NW} push it around a while. Interviewer: Right. Right. Say a woman who is uh about to have a baby you say she's 472: Pregnant. Interviewer: Can you remember a time when peo- people didn't say to use that word? 472: Uh-huh or with child. With child. And you never you never heard people talk about it. But now the children are supposed to be {C: passing traffic} they was mighty careful who they talked with before. And now things are different. I'll tell you the truth. I run into some little girls little girls. Uh three and four years old. Said momma gonna have a baby. Momma uh such and such gonna have a baby. Interviewer: They said she was pregnant? 472: Uh yeah they said no just say gonna have a baby. Interviewer: a baby? 472: {X} But some of 'em says baby. {X} Have a baby. Interviewer: How about that. {NW} 472: And they they look for that too you know. They find out how it's what it's all about. {NW} Television'll show 'em a lotta that. Interviewer: You don't think that's good or 472: It's bad. Interviewer: Yeah? 472: It's bad. Because as we said a while ago about the young people getting together too too much {C: train whistle blowing} lust of the flesh. Causes trouble. Sneaks in their little hearts and minds. What you teach a little child uh now he he ain't gon- he won't get it. To be right there. And it and nature gets born then you see. It'll go for it. And that's it. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. And then they'd never get in trouble because they'd get to find their way in they {X} here and there and there and throw themselves away. You know way back yonder they call it a uh when a woman we- went like that they called her a loose woman. {X} whore no good. And they little fellows is throwing themselves away every day. Beautiful girls on outta town. A lust of the flesh {X} and it's enti- enticement of the boy and of the {X} They gone. And they can't hardly quit. Interviewer: That's bad. 472: Yes it is bad. Well that's what it leads up to. Interviewer: Say uh this expression if a boy has the same color hair as his father and the same color eyes and maybe his nose is shaped about the same you'd say that the boy 472: Favors his father. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say the same thing like if the boy inherited his father's bad habits? 472: Yeah. You woul- you would say that he takes after the father. Interviewer: He takes after 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 the # father. 472: Inherited {X} Interviewer: Right. Right. I see. Have you ever heard any kind of uh bad names or mean names that a person might use to refer to a a child that's born to an unmarried woman? 472: Uh yeah let me see about that. Uh that's that's outta wedlock yeah. That's outta wedlock. Uh they call 'em bastards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: But I don't think really that's what that's the Bible gives. I don't think. I ain't too sure I'll look that up and see about that. Be sure. Interviewer: Or illegitimate something like that? 472: Yeah illegitimate uh {C: train whistle} uh bastard or Interviewer: I see okay. What about talking about families if uh if I have a brother and he has a son that son would be my 472: How is that now? Interviewer: Well say if I have a brother 472: Yeah. Interviewer: and he has a son his son would be my 472: {NW} uh uh {C: train whistle} nephew. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about a child you know both his parents have died you say he's a 472: Oh orphan. Orphan child. Orphan {D: with no} father nor mother. Interviewer: And the the adult who's appointed to look after it that would be his 472: His relative Interviewer: Or his legal 472: Uh legal sister or brother. Interviewer: Or guard- 472: Or guardian. Interviewer: I see. Yeah. I wanna ask you about a few proper names you know like uh the name of uh the mother of Jesus in the Bible that was 472: Mary. Interviewer: Do you remember what George Washington's wife was named? 472: {NW} No I don't {X} Interviewer: Begins with an M? Uh Mar- 472: Uh Martha? Oh let's see I saw that in Montgomery I believe. Interviewer: What's that? 472: Uh I believe I saw her picture in Montgomery on the on the wall and I believe that man did call her name Martha. {X} Yeah I think that's where I saw it in Montgomery we we go up there every now and then you know. {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about uh a woman's name that begins with an N? Uh have you ever heard that song wait 'til the sun shines 472: Don't believe I ever have. Uh no in in the Bible her her name started with {X} Interviewer: Or it could be Nelly? 472: Nelly. Nelly or {X} Interviewer: Or what about uh a boy's name that begins with a B? Uh sometimes you call a male goat a 472: Uh call him a uh Billy. Interviewer: Billy goat? 472: {X} Interviewer: I see. Or in the Bible uh the first of the first {X} gospels was written by 472: Uh Christ. {C: Train whistle} {X} Let me see. Interviewer: You got Mark 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Luke # 472: that's about Christ. Yeah. Interviewer: Right. 472: Mark Luke and John. Interviewer: And Ma- 472: Matthew Mark Luke and John. Interviewer: Okay what about a a woman's name that begins with an S? Uh the wife of Abraham in the Bible? {X} 472: Sarah. {NS} Interviewer: These come by pretty regular don't they? {NS} 472: Yeah but not near as regular {X} Interviewer: {D: Does that have four inches?} 472: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: Well you we were talking about uh Abraham's wife her name was 472: Abraham. Interviewer: Uh 472: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh say if uh if I had uh if my father had a brother named William he would be my I'd call him 472: Uncle. Interviewer: Or if we don't use his whole name I'd call him his name was William I'd call him 472: Bill or something? Interviewer: Or Uncle 472: Uncle William. Interviewer: Right okay. 472: Uncle William Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 472: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And if I had one named John that would be my 472: Uncle John. Interviewer: What would you call a a woman who teaches school? She would be a 472: A schoolteacher. Interviewer: Ever heard any old-fashioned names for a woman who teaches? 472: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: Like schoolmarm or school ma'am 472: No I never have. Interviewer: You never heard that? 472: No. Interviewer: Ha- have you ever heard of uh a man who's a preacher but he really wasn't trained to be a preacher? And he's not all that good at it. He he does something else for a living then kinda preaches on the side? What would you have you ever heard people call him anything in particular? 472: {NW} no I don't believe I have. Uh there's there's a lot to be thought about that. Uh I've heard {D: holiness} talk about that he was a God sent man. Said all I know is the Bible is what God's given And then you they work outside well he's never been called uh I think a person that's been taught to preach is not altogether a uh he's he he's that he's he more or less he he don't need to be taught to preach. He just needs to be taught how to handle the word. Uh I uh a preacher by the letter I don't think he's no good. But a preacher's just been taught how to handle things and not taught taught the Bible by the letter he's alright. Interviewer: I see. 472: I sent you that little book I give you. Interviewer: Right. 472: Now buddy that little book is is it And well they share the same one let me tell you they've made just alike. And then that book right there is it. This here little book right here is it. Uh inspired. He inspired. These books have been inspired. Right. And the Bible back's 'em up. You find something like that you got it. I mean {X} Interviewer: I was just wondering if if you've ever heard people use the expression well he's just a jackleg uh #1 preacher. # 472: #2 Yeah. # Just a jack- he's just a jackleg of a preacher yeah. Yes uh just like reading your Bible some of 'em reads the Bible because they can read it. Some of 'em read it for an argument. Some of 'em read it just to boast on because I read my Bible through so many times and everything But get it all they don't really like it. They don't put up the life see? It's the life that counts. And uh you may read to him the old saying is you turn {X} if you don't live the life well it's no good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Well if this preacher preaches and you don't put up your life I don't want him I don't like him. I mean he's no good all way. H- he he you get good out of it but he ain't no good {X} if he can't put up the life. Interviewer: Right. 472: Yeah. And I've known 'em to take the Bible under the arm get on the highway and thumb a ride And heard of 'em putting the pistol in the man's side and taking his car. {NW} Alright. Interviewer: Goodness. 472: Alright. Well you can use the Bible in many ways to g- oh I'm sorry. Interviewer: That's 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 472: And {C: speech distortion} the Bible in many ways and and uh be an enemy in other words. To hide your meanness behind it. For the Bible really is called a {X} {X} {NS} {X} Interviewer: Can you have uh a jackleg anything else like a lawyer or a carpenter or 472: Jackleg of a carpenter? Yeah I've heard of that a lot. Just a jackleg of a carpenter who he is and he ain't in other words he can do some but he can't do it all. Just a jackleg. Interviewer: Ever heard of a shadetree? 472: Uh yeah Shady tree. Interviewer: Would that be who would what would a shade tree be a mechanic or 472: Well I wouldn't know. Just like a Interviewer: But you have heard of that? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. 472: {X} Interviewer: Say uh in the Civil War you know Robert E. Lee? His rank in the army he was a you remember what he was? He was a pretty high up? uh 472: Yeah he was always there he was uh a demander uh commander. Interviewer: A general? 472: A general. Yeah. General commander yeah. Interviewer: Do you ever see this uh old gentleman who advertises Kentucky Fried Chicken wears the white suit and he's got a little white beard and mustache? You remember what his name was? 472: {NW} No I I forgot about that I heared that the here a while back but I forgot it. Interviewer: You call him the Colonel? 472: Colonel? Is that what that's what {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {X} # 472: The Colonel yeah. Well if Colonel's in war you know he's called colonel. Interviewer: Right. 472: {X} Interviewer: What about the man who presides over the county court he's the 472: The contender uh uh justice of peace or Interviewer: He's the {D: circuit} 472: Circus court uh manager. Interviewer: Or the jud- 472: Judge. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And a person who goes to school to study he's a 472: A citizen. Interviewer: Or a stu- 472: A student. Citizen or student. Interviewer: And a woman who you know does typing and filing and takes care of the boss's mail she's a 472: {NW} stenographer. Uh yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. What about a woman who uh who's on the stage uh you wouldn't call her an actor but she's an 472: Uh let's see I ought to know that. {C: car horn} and not not an actor but uh {X} I forgot that. Interviewer: An actress? 472: Actress. Interviewer: Is that what you would call her? 472: I guess you would. I just don't know I I don't know that one. Interviewer: But uh 472: What you would call her on the stage. Interviewer: Actress. 472: Actor Interviewer: {D: What about} 472: Yeah that's what you would call her an actor. I get it Interviewer: What about uh our nationality we're not Germans but we're both 472: Oh we are well sorta like mixed-breed. {NW} We would be {NW} Interviewer: Well some- anybody who lives in the United States or who lives in America he's an A- 472: He he's an American or a foreigner? Uh man from another country. Interviewer: {NW} 472: {X} Interviewer: I meant to ask you the other day when we were talking about uh white folks and colored people have you ever heard uh you know white people who were who don't have much money who's never had an opportunity to get much but who are just kind of don't wanna do anything about it they're just kinda lazy you know? Have you ever heard them called anything in particular? 472: Uh just call 'em a a person of {D: du- uh} almost a do-nothing or just they just don't even look out for theirself and nobody else. In other words they I don't know what they'd call them. Interviewer: Right. 472: A lazy person I reckon. Interviewer: I just wondered if you'd heard anybody use uh {X} expression white trash? 472: Oh yeah Yeah they'll that's been up here in the in the in the in our uh uh hospital. Interviewer: Well wha- 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Could you tell me about # that? 472: Got up to trouble. Interviewer: How's that? 472: {X} the black person Interviewer: {D: I see.} 472: called a white man trash Interviewer: {X} What happened? 472: The old man wasn't able that's all I seed. Interviewer: {NW} 472: And that's what it's for {NS} that's what it's all about. Get up to it. Interviewer: {X} 472: And I'm sure glad it didn't happen. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 472: Call him old white trash. Interviewer: Saw a black man do that? 472: It was a woman. Interviewer: Oh. 472: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: {X} You ever hear white people use that word? 472: Uh not I've heard about holiness had been called this old holiness trash. Interviewer: {NW} 472: People throw off on the churches you know? Call old holy church just old bunch of trash. Interviewer: Oh. 472: Yeah I have But {NW} the {NW} lady that I heard talking about that she says I just told 'em well there's one good thing about it. He throw us overboard and we'll float. Interviewer: {NW} 472: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh. 472: {NW} Interviewer: That's funny. 472: That trash floats you know what Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 472: #2 she mean. # Well we was on top anyhow the holiness part. Interviewer: Right. 472: And holiness {X} God she had a point alright. Interviewer: Right. Yeah. Okay. 472: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Just for pronunciation would you mind saying the names of the months of the year for me? 472: January February March April May June July August September October November and December Interviewer: Okay and the days of the week? 472: Uh uh let's see we used to start on Monday but Sunday's really the first day. We'd have to say Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: Okay. And uh the day of the month that the bill's are usually due that's usually the 472: I ought to know as many as I pay but I never pay no attention to that part about it I just go pay 'em when I get 'em. Interviewer: Or it's just the 472: They're due in c- at a certain time. Uh about the middle of the month I guess. Interviewer: #1 Or # 472: #2 {X} # or {D: somes} due. Interviewer: Some some bills might come to you on the fi- 472: On the first yeah. They would be. Interviewer: Okay. 472: They most everyday most any day uh it's bills coming most anytime I guess but most of 'em comes on the middle of the month Interviewer: {NW} 472: or the first. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. And the day after the first you call that the 472: Second. Interviewer: Okay and then the 472: Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. {X} Interviewer: And the last two you call 'em the after the eighth comes the 472: Ninth. Tenth. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh again just for pronunciation would you count for me kinda slow from one to fourteen? 472: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Interviewer: Okay. And the number after nineteen that's 472: Twenty. Interviewer: And the number after twenty-six? 472: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine. 472: Thirty. Interviewer: And after thirty-nine? 472: Forty. Interviewer: And after sixty-nine. 472: Seventy. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine? 472: A hundred. Interviewer: And after nine hundred and ninety-nine you got one 472: {NW} Nine hundred and ninety-nine {X} Uh uh a thousand. Interviewer: Right. 472: A thousand. Interviewer: And a big number ten times a hundred thousand is one mi- 472: Million. Interviewer: Okay. Okay just a few more things and we'll be through I wanna ask you about some names of some states and cities uh just for pronunciation. Like if you where in the biggest uh city in this country you would be in 472: Let me see. I guess it'd be New Orleans Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 472: New Orleans wouldn't it? Interviewer: Okay. Alright. I tell you what uh I'll name off some names of some states and cities and if you'd repeat 'em after me and tell me whether you've ever visited there or not. Okay? What about uh New York State? 472: Never been there. Interviewer: Could you just repeat it after me? 472: New York. Interviewer: Okay. And Maryland? 472: Maryland. Interviewer: Uh Virginia. 472: Virginia. Interviewer: Good. Say uh North Carolina? 472: {NW} N- North Carolina no. Interviewer: Okay. South Carolina? 472: No. {NW} South Carolina Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 472: #2 no. # Interviewer: Uh Georgia. 472: Georgia? No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Louisiana? 472: Louisiana no. Never been. Interviewer: Been where? 472: Never been there. Interviewer: To where? 472: {NW} Louisiana. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Kentucky? 472: Kentucky no. Never been there. Interviewer: Tennessee. 472: Tennessee never been there. Interviewer: Missouri? 472: Missouri. Never been there. {X} Interviewer: Arkansas? 472: Arkansas. Never been there but I've heard a lot about the Arkansas traveler. Interviewer: What's that? 472: Uh it's this song about the Arkansas traveler. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Uh-huh. They wrote this song about the Arkansas traveler. Interviewer: I see. {NW} Okay. Um Oklahoma? 472: Oklahoma? Never been there but I've always wanted to go. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Why Oklahoma? 472: Why Oklahoma? I never traveled. Interviewer: Uh Massachusetts? 472: Massachusetts never been there. Interviewer: Those states up in the the northeastern part of the country you ever heard it called uh New England state? 472: New England yeah. Never been there. Interviewer: Okay. And a few cities uh biggest city in Maryland uh Baltimore? 472: Baltimore heard lots about it but never been there. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. What about the capital of this country? 472: Capital of this country Interviewer: Washing- 472: Washington {X} I've been to Washington. Interviewer: Oh have you? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 When # 472: #2 {X} # Interviewer: did you go? 472: Oh yeah. Let's see I've been to Washington no I haven't either! Interviewer: #1 {X} # 472: #2 {NW} # 472: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 472: {NW} {X} Interviewer: What about St. Louis? 472: St. Louis? I've never been there. Interviewer: Okay. In uh South Carolina you have i- Charleston? 472: That's right. Charleston no I've never been there. Interviewer: Okay. Uh 472: {X} to go there but {X} Interviewer: I see. Big city in Alabama Birmingham? 472: Yeah I've been to Birmingham. Interviewer: Have you? 472: Uh Birmingham yeah I've been there. Interviewer: Pretty big uh fair sized city 472: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. And uh big city in Illinois. Chicago? 472: Chicago. Uh no I've never been there but I've heard a lot of talk about Chicago. Interviewer: Okay. In uh North Carolina Asheville? 472: North Carolina Asheville? No. Never been there. Interviewer: Okay. And uh a few big cities in Tennessee are Chattanooga? 472: Chattanooga Tennessee never been there. Interviewer: Okay. Knoxville? 472: Knoxville. Never been there. Interviewer: Okay Memphis? 472: Memphis? Never been there. Interviewer: Nashville? 472: Nashville never been there but I've always wanted to go I hear 'em talk about {X} Interviewer: {D: Yeah.} {NS} Country music? 472: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 That's # where they play all the 472: #1 Country # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: music yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 472: Uh-huh. That's that's the reason I'd like to go but I haven't been. Interviewer: And a big city in Georgia Atlanta? 472: Atlanta. Never have been there. Heard a lotta talk about Atlanta. {X} Interviewer: And a few other big cities in Georgia Savannah? 472: Savannah? No. Never been there. Interviewer: Macon? 472: Macon Georgia. Never been there. Interviewer: Columbus? 472: Columbus never been there. Interviewer: But you have been to New Orleans? 472: No I Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah? # 472: #2 haven't. # I been close by but Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 472: #2 I haven't been there # {NW} but we keep we keep talking about going. I ain't got there yet. Interviewer: Where did you go uh close by? 472: Uh the other side of Mississippi {X} for edge of Mississippi. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: Uh Interviewer: Is it just across the line? 472: We I don't know whether we quite got to the line or not but we went Interviewer: #1 Is it past # 472: #2 way out. # Interviewer: {D: Ebula} or {X} 472: Oh yeah we went way on over there we went on towards New Orleans way over there. That big curve {X} the big curve. Interviewer: Oh I see. And another big city in uh Louisiana Baton Rouge? 472: Baton Rouge Louisiana. Heard a lot of that but I hadn't ever been there. Interviewer: Okay. And the city in Ohio Cincinnati? 472: Never have been to Cin- -natti Cincinnati. Interviewer: Okay. And the city in Kentucky is Louisville? 472: In Kentucky Louisville? No I've never been there. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do you foreign countries if you were in uh Paris you would be in France? 472: Uh I'd be in France if I was you know in other words Interviewer: Okay and the big Communist country. If you were in Moscow you'd be in Russia? 472: Russia. Be in Russia. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you were in the city of Dublin you'd be in Ireland? 472: Ireland. Yeah. Interviewer: You reckon it's just gonna drizzle all day? 472: It's {NS} headed that way. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Looks like it. 472: Let's see what time it's getting to be. Interviewer: Oh it's about eleven-twenty. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh me. 472: {X} about the time we're done with this Interviewer: That's right. 472: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 472: about two oh clock. Interviewer: No we're done. We're through with uh one thing I was uh asking you about yesterday the the house that you grew up in you said it was uh basically a one room house that had a a kitchen joining it? 472: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: You reckon you could make me just a little uh sketch of the floor plan just showing where that room was and how the kitchen was on next to it? 472: I ain't no good at drawing. Interviewer: Oh well I'd do it if you just describe it to me. 472: Alright it's just a one room building and it had Interviewer: Just like kind of a big square? 472: Yeah big square. That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Something like this? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. 472: And then it had a a long room on the side. Interviewer: A long room on 472: #1 About a # Interviewer: #2 the side? # 472: eight ten foot room on the side. Interviewer: Okay. 472: Yeah. Interviewer: What what room was this? 472: And now then the kitchen was this here. Interviewer: The kitchen was on this end? 472: And then we eat on a table in this end. Interviewer: And this was the kitchen. 472: Yeah. {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Was this the dining room? 472: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that what you call 472: #1 {D: Back} # Interviewer: #2 it? # 472: over here at this end for a reason. Interviewer: Dining room? 472: Uh-huh. Must be called we called the dining room. {X} Interviewer: Okay. 472: Alright and the floor in this building was old rough lumber. Rough lumber and there was cracks in it. Interviewer: Yes sir. 472: {X} {X} Interviewer: Was this a big bedroom? 472: Uh yeah. Yeah. And had a fireplace. Interviewer: {X} Okay. 472: And uh it just had two bedrooms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: {X} Interviewer: Was there any kinda porch or anything like that to it? 472: No there wasn't no porch {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. Was that a a frame or a log building? 472: Frame building. Interviewer: Frame building? 472: Yeah. Frame building. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} You say you've been in uh this house how long? 472: Six years. Interviewer: Six years? 472: Yeah there about six years. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Alright. About how much time do you reckon you spent in that uh in that house? 472: {NW} Let's see. Interviewer: Pretty long time? 472: Yeah I guess we'd spent uh several years there. But I can't remember it too much. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 472: We stayed as I said daddy moved right smart you know? {NS} to be close to work. Interviewer: Yes sir. I see. {C: silence} Interviewer: So you say you were born just right across the county line then? 490: In Gibson County Interviewer: #1 Yes # 490: #2 yes # How bout twenty-five thirty miles in Milan. Interviewer: In Milan? 490: Milan. It's uh Interviewer: #1 Yeah always # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: As a mat- that reminds me of yesterday I was looking at the uh the paper and there was some sorta ad there for a clothing store named Frankie's or something like that have you ever heard of that? 490: In Milan? Uh-huh it's um casual. Interviewer: Casual. 490: Mm casual clothes. Interviewer: Well it looked 490: #1 Jeans and things. # Interviewer: #2 {D: interesting} mm-hmm # And I thought I might 490: Yeah and that that's in Gibson County. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Milan's the county seat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I can figure it was in the uh it was in the no The Martin Paper. 490: Yeah Interviewer: I can't figure out whether it was in Martin or where whether {D: Milan} was the name of a street. 490: #1 No {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Like what # {NW} 490: #1 Damn. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I had to get out my map 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 and check that out. # And you only you were only in Gibson County for about 490: #1 ten days you said you were {D: born}? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: My father was uh in World War Two and he was in England at the time and my mother was living with my grandparents Interviewer: #1 who # 490: #2 Mm. # lived right up the street here. This was all my grandfather's farm. Interviewer: Oh. 490: And my dad took that and and bought it from my grandfather and developed it into a subdivision. And then when Don and I when Don got out of the service then we came back to Dresden and built and been here ever since. Interviewer: So this was developed uh how long ago? 490: Oh about ten twelve years ago I think but there were of course we- we're only been here about five years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Five years this month matter of fact. Interviewer: I see so other than that very brief period you've been 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you've been you were {D: newer} raised # 490: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 for our greater purposes # 490: #1 Right. Here. # Interviewer: #2 here in {X} county. # 490: That's right. I've only lived when Don was in the service. That's the only time I've ever lived out of the county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: When I- I went to school at Martin so. Interviewer: {NW} 490: I've always been. Interviewer: What about what about your parents? Are they from this area? 490: My mother's from Jackson. Which is Madison County. You know where that is? {X} Interviewer: That's Jackson. Jackson Tennessee. 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And then my father of course was born here. Interviewer: Your father was born in Dresden? 490: Uh-huh. Out in the country. Interviewer: Mm. 490: A place called Dawson Story. {NW} Interviewer: Dawson. 490: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Dawson Story. # 490: #2 {NW} # Yeah {X}. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: But uh they moved. Then my grandparents moved to town and built this house up here at the end of the street in nineteen thirty-three. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And my grandfather just passed away this past February. He was eighty-seven. Interviewer: Mm. 490: He would've been an interesting man for you to have Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah # 490: #2 interviewed. # Interviewer: I know. I love to do the the uh the older 490: I Interviewer: people. 490: taped some of his tales and Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 490: #2 everything. # Uh we started doing it a couple three years ago and sorta make a tape library you know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 cause he could # he had a tale for everything. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 490: You know. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: {X} he was really an interesting man but he woulda been eighty-seven. My grandmother passed away a couple years ago and she she woulda she was eighty-two when she died so. Had longevity. I hope that last. Interviewer: Oh yeah. {C: laughing} That's always encouraging 490: Mm-hmm Interviewer: thing to to find if you investigate that sorta thing. Now that that grandfather. Is that your on your father 490: #1 Yeah. uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 or is that? # 490: My on my father's side. Interviewer: On your father's side. 490: Mm-hmm. My mother's parents uh lived in Madison County. He was a big farmer in Madison county. And he was sixty-five years old when um {C: loud telephone ringing} {NS} Interviewer: So you say your grandfather on your mother's side was from 490: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Madison County. # 490: #1 and {X} # Interviewer: #2 Was that Jack- uh # 490: In Jackson. Interviewer: In Jackson. 490: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: And she grew up in Jackson but then her parents died when she was was a teenager. She was thirteen when her mother died and fifteen when her father died. Her father was an elderly man. Like I said he was sixty-five when she was born. Interviewer: I- is this your grandmother or your mother? 490: That's m- my mother's Interviewer: #1 {X} your mother's # 490: #2 m- parents # Interviewer: I see okay. and so they were both from the same county. 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Wh- what did you grandfather do for a living on your mother's side? 490: On my mother's side he was a farmer. Interviewer: A farmer. Was she a house wife? Or what? 490: My grandmother? Interviewer: Right. {X} 490: Uh. She had been an old maid school teacher I think. #1 She didn't # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 490: marry until she was about forty-two or forty three and then um I hear the baby. Interviewer: {NW} go ahead. 490: I'll get him and I'll be right. Interviewer: Oh hello. 490: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You're not # old enough to talk to me yet are ya? You're {D: very rude}. {NW} 490: Nah he's just six months old Sunday. Now I got you some stuff to play with here. Interviewer: What's his name? 490: Name is Benjamin. Interviewer: Benjamin. 490: We call him Ben. Interviewer: {X} 490: Don't I had uh two great-grandfathers on my mother's side named Benjamin. Interviewer: Is that #1 right? # 490: #2 My # grandmother's maternal grandfather and her paternal grandfather were both named Benjamin. And so we liked the name so we pass it down. We're a family that names #1 so you keep the same names generation after generation. # Interviewer: #2 {X} Mm-hmm # 490: I was named for my grandmother so and we we have another son who's eight and he's named for his daddy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And we've got juniors and {NW} threes and fours all through the #1 family. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # And that was Polly Beth two words. {C: is this her name?} 490: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Alright. Okay. # You don't you don't cause your mother much trouble do you? 490: No sir say I am a fine fella. Interviewer: {NW} 490: The only problem I have is ear infections. I've had to take him up to the doctor at least once a month to the pediatrician in Jackson for ear infections. #1 The doctor says # Interviewer: #2 Ah. # 490: his tubes are so small that any time he gets any kind of drainage at all instead of draining like you know like it normally would then it settles in his tubes and causes infections. Interviewer: #1 Is that the first trouble that you've had? # 490: #2 All kinds of problems. Mm-hmm. # But that started when he was two weeks old so we Interviewer: Mm. 490: It's really the only thing we've had but it's been a constant thing {C: laughing} Interviewer: Yeah Yeah. #1 {D: We better keep going} # 490: #2 {D: We better keep going} # He thank ya I'm about half asleep. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Which is alright. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # Got hot back there. Interviewer: Well what do you know anything about uh your grandfather's education? How far he got in school. Or your mother's side? 490: The one on my mother's side had a high school education. Interviewer: A high school education. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what about his wife? 490: Um. She had some college but I don't know how much higher education she had because I know that she was a school teacher. And she I assume that it was not like you know we have to go and get certificates and everything. I but I I don't know exactly how much. I don't think that she had graduated. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. Do you know where she went to school? # 490: #2 from college. # Interviewer: #1 {D: Went together} # 490: #2 No I don't. # Uh. My all that's sorta hazy {D: because} {C: baby} Ben, cuz my my mother doesn't know a lot about it cuz she was so young Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 490: #2 and all she knows is what # and all of her other family were elderly people. I mean of course her mother and father were older when she was born. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 490: #2 And um # she had two other well she has a sister that lives down in Florida. But she had uh a brother and sister and both of them died of diphtheria when they were when she was not you know not even born then when that happened. So she had she doesn't really has not told me a lot about them I don't think she really knows a lot. #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: But th- her um her father had been married before and his wife had died in childbirth. And then he courted my grandmother and I have a lot of his letters and everything. He was an educated man you can tell by these #1 from his # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: his writing. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And um very interesting things. A lot she has a lot of his old deeds and everything like that. And uh he was um an interesting story that he used to tell her is when he w- in eighteen sixty-five when uh s- um Union soldiers marched through Madison County he was five years old. He was born in eighteen sixty. And um he said he hung on the gate Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 you know and watched the soldiers go by # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 it was an exciting thing to him. # Interviewer: I'll bet. 490: But uh it's really miraculous to me that a man be that old you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: Born eighteen sixty what would he be? A hundred and seventeen years old. Interviewer: Right. 490: My grandfather. That's really you know. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Yeah I was uh I was suppo- I was gonna try to interview an old black man in {D: Dallasburg} who claimed he was a hundred and eight. I don't know whether he was or not but uh. 490: I wouldn't doubt it. We've got a an old man in town that people say that he's over a hundred and he just moseys around. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's about all 490: #1 Yeah {D: I know} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {D: you can do} {C: laughing} # 490: #1 But he's still up walking around and everything. # Interviewer: #2 {X} Uh-huh. # That is that is something. Well what about uh your your other grandparents on your father's side? Where were they from? 490: They were from Dresden. Um. Interviewer: #1 Both of them? # 490: #2 My- uh-huh. # My uh grandmother was sixteen when she married and my grandfather was twenty-one. And they had uh four children and I had uh two aunts and an uncle. And there were two boys and two girls in the family and my father is the um third child. And but um my one of my aunts is has passed away. She died three or four years ago. And they lived out north of town out here. And then when they um he always farmed but then when he moved up here he built a grocery store up here on Greenfield Highway. #1 This is your grandfather? # Interviewer: #2 And he ran uh-huh # 490: and he ran a grocery store {C: baby noises} for years. {C: baby noises} And he was a horse trader and he built and horses and then did some farming and mostly rented out the land though after a while after {C: baby noises} oh. Oh when in his fifties and sixties I think he re- rented all his land on the other side of the highway. Here on back to the woods over there and then all the way to the Martin Highway was his. All this area here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: And he farmed it and {C: baby noises} cut timber off of it and ran a grocery store. Interviewer: Yeah. Any idea of how far along he got in school? {C: baby noises} 490: Eighth grade I think. {C: baby noises} And so did my grandmother. My grandmother had eighth grade they had to they lived out in the country and the only school around here was at at Dresden at that time and that's about oh seven eight miles I guess. And he always said I always asked him why he didn't go to high school and he said well it wasn't worth it in the first place. #1 {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: It wasn't worth it he had to ride {NW} A- A- A- A w- a ride a mule I think he said or walk to school so he just decided Interviewer: {NW} 490: it was easier not to do it. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Well he's got a point there. 490: {NW} Well I don't know that anymore they {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Most of most of the older people I talked to you know uh Have about that uh that much education. You know you just went up to a certain point and then they had to go home 490: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you know and help out on the farm. # That was uh that w- that just happened to be how the priorities 490: #1 W- Well that's true. # Interviewer: #2 were set up. # Well let's see was she uh was she a housewife you'd say 490: #1 My grandmother? Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 or? Mm. # 490: Raising babies mostly. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} That is a job. 490: Yes it is. Interviewer: And my mother had to raise three boys. Pity her. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What your your parents let's see your uh. You say there were your was it your mother or your father who was from um Jackson? 490: My mother. Interviewer: #1 Your mother was from Jackson. Right. # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And your father was from 490: Dresden. Interviewer: Dawson's. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: That's my grandma and grand daddy lived out there. That's where my gran- my daddy was born out in Dawson Store. Interviewer: Uh-huh {C: baby noises} 490: But then when that- he was born in nineteen twenty and uh they moved to Dresden when he was thirteen. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And they had new house up here and they were all proud of the new house and daddy stepped off the back porch and broke his leg and missed the whole eighth grade. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 {NW} # He wa- tha- that was the first day they moved into the house. He stepped off the back porch and broke his leg in two places. Interviewer: Gosh. 490: Had hard luck. {NW} Interviewer: That reminds me of professor of mine who make who makes uh an annual trip to England right after school's out {C: laughing}. She you know one leg out of the out of the uh school house door 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: though were all ran for the plane} # But uh she had just gotten off the plane in London she fell and broke her leg. 490: #1 Oh me # Interviewer: #2 that's kind of # 490: #1 That's terrible. # Interviewer: #2 Terrible time of it. Mm-hmm. # 490: #1 Hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Was uh # Let's see your father what what did he do f- or what does he do for a living? 490: Uh he is a a contractor. Interviewer: Contractor. 490: He owns a contracting business in Jackson. We're {C: baby noises} connected to Jackson a lot even though it's sixty miles from here. Daddy has a business down there and my husband works at this business. It's um with Kaiser Aluminum and uh they supply sand and and building products and everything {C: baby noises} round western west Tennessee. {C: baby noises} Here chew on this while you're cramming that down your throat {D: slogging all up} {D: Man} I'm cutting teeth. Interviewer: Oh boy. 490: Got to have something to chew on. Interviewer: {NW} {X} Is this uh is the contract- contracting done for uh private residences or? 490: No it's mostly just um we- b- until year before last he owned an asphalt plant. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And did asphalt work but then he sold the plant and now he's uh supplies sand for the businesses on a a part of a river and I don't know what the name of the river is little bitty Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 thing runs through there. # And they they pump sand out of the back waters that he owns the land around it and they it's just it's a sand plant. #1 And then they # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: they pump the sand up with a barge and everything and then they have a sand plant that refines it and everything and they sell that for mortar sand and then for you know for um um buildings #1 and everything. # Interviewer: #2 Gotcha gotcha. {C: baby noises} # 490: And um uh they have different grades of sand you know concrete sand and oth- other kinds. And then they also have a dealership in Kaiser aluminum pipe. And my brother is in the pipe end of it and Don will mostly just, my husband, just sorta oversees the whole thing he's a Interviewer: #1 I see. # 490: #2 manager. {C: baby noises} # And my daddy's tryna retire a little bit and not doing too just cannot give it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: He went to um he graduated from UT Knoxville and that was around nineteen forty-one I think. And then he went into the service and when he came back out of the service he taught veterans over at U-T and carried the mail and did a little bit of everything else tryna make ends meet. {C: baby noises} And then in the late fifties he was selling heavy equipment and he got into this contracting business and asphalt and everything with another man and then they dissolved the partnership and and Daddy stayed on in the business {NS} Interviewer: Did he s- uh did you say he started this business {C: motor} 490: Uh-huh Interviewer: #1 himself? # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # It's his own and uh {NS} Mother went to school at Martin. They met over at Martin oh dear when it was the junior college. Interviewer: #1 Oh mm-hmm. # 490: #2 Oh you just # cannot imagine all the tales that we've heard. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Tell me some. {C: laughing} # 490: #2 Oh um. {C: laughing} # Well of course Daddy was on a football scholarship at over Martin and he thought that he was really tough Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 you know. # And he thought that everybody else would think that he was #1 really tough. {C: baby noises} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: And uh mother Interviewer: #1 {D: Oh brother} # 490: #2 had um # {NW} Mother said that he would do all kinds of things to get attention like wear one sock one color and one sock you know when they wore the argyle socks and everything you know he'd have one striped sock on once Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 and one # with polka dots on #1 it or something # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: you know so when he crossed his legs his pants came up that everybody you know would Interviewer: {NW} 490: notice because of his socks and or just anything you know you you-. He just thought that he was just the greatest thing. That uh {NS} M- mother's when my mother's parents died she had gone to boarding school in Nashville and um they wanted her to go to college in Nashville but she talked them into c- her guardians {C: baby noises} she talked them into coming to Martin and the first day that she was down here she met Daddy and he tried to impress her on every way Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 that he could # he could not understand why she was not falling at his #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 feet like everybody else. # 490: But uh there's just all kinds of things that he did to try to get her attention #1 and everything # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: and finally i- it didn't take very long Interviewer: #1 Right. # 490: #2 at all obviously # because they were married at the end of that year. Interviewer: Is that right? Well he was pretty successful. 490: Yes {X} and then they went to Knoxville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And th- he was a a sophomore at that time {C: baby screams} it was junior college then so they went then they went to Knoxville. And w- that w- right before the war broke out I guess. Forty-one yeah. And uh then he went to stationed in England for the duration. I was eight months old when when he was the first time he saw me. {C: baby noises} Interviewer: She finished her college education? 490: No she just went to th- uh she just has one year of college. Interviewer: And what what about her occupation 490: #1 She's a housewife # Interviewer: #2 housewife or? # 490: and a run around. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # All she does is sitting on ready all the time any time Daddy wants to go any place Daddy travels a lot. I think sometimes I wonder whether it all {D: makes sense} they did an awful lot of traveling down the coast {C: baby screaming}. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 490: #2 You know. # And uh sometimes I wonder whether all that's necessary but Mama says she goes besi- she goes with Daddy to drive. Because she it makes him so tired you know. Interviewer: {NW} 490: But she enjoys it you know she gets a vacation. And they they travel a lot I mean s- every winter they uh pick some place different to go. They Puerto Rico this past Interviewer: #1 Oh that's nice. # 490: #2 February. # So they just you know they're enjoying life. Interviewer: #1 Well that's good. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's good. Well what about uh let's see. Oh your husband. How old is your husband? 490: He's thirty-two. {C: baby noises} Interviewer: And you're how old by the way? 490: Thirty-two. We're went to started out in first grade together. We claimed each other in the first grade. Interviewer: {NW} 490: Uh yeah I remember that uh about the second half of the first grade I got chased around behind the lunch room and kissed by Donald. First time when I was in the #1 first grade # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh that started # 490: #1 I couldn't stand him then. # Interviewer: #2 it huh? # {NW} 490: And I couldn't stand him 'til we got to Junior High. And then um he was so bashful that he hardly ever spoke to anybody or girls. #1 Boys you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 490: But uh he was a basketball player and he was a all-state basketball player when he was in high school. {C: baby noises} And course we went to high school together but I was preoccupied with something else and so was he. And but we started going together when we were seniors in c- in high school. And then he had {C: baby noises} #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 What high school was it? # 490: Hmm? Interviewer: What high school was it? 490: Dresden. Interviewer: Dresden. 490: High school uh-huh. And then um he had several scholarship offers different places. And I was going to Knoxville until it got right down to the nitty-gritty. And he was ed- Um had scholarship offers from two or three different schools and Martin was one of them but we decided we just couldn't give it up. {NW} So I decided to go to Martin and he got a scholarship over there and he graduated there and in sixty-seven. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And I well both of graduated in sixty-seven. And he was in advanced R-O-T-C so he went into the service second lieutenant. And um. {C: baby crying} Oh Ben you getting hungry? And we um he went to jump school {C: baby noises} and was in um air trooper school for oh I do- I don't know for a while course Vietnam was raging then. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And it was just an inevitability that he was going. So um after well let's see that was in sixty-seven and sixty-eight. Sixty-eight he went to Vietnam and I stayed here and started working on my Masters over at Martin. Interviewer: {NW} 490: And um while he was gone he was gone and uh about four weeks after he left I discovered that we were going to have an addition to our family. And that's when Don came along. And I stayed here while Don was gone and we had the Junior and I lived with my mother and father. And then um he- Don and our son our eight year old was four months old when Donald first saw him for the first time. So I said history repeats itself there my father was #1 you know {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah yeah. # 490: And then along comes my first one. And then we waited a while before we had this one. About seven and a half years #1 matter of fact. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 490: But Don's parents are from Dresden that, well, originally from Palmersville which is that's a dot on the map. Interviewer: Is that in uh {D: Weeker} county? 490: Uh-huh. It's right on the edge of right before you into Kentucky. #1 Let's see it's East Palmersville. # Interviewer: #2 You say {D: that's} Palmersville? # 490: P-A-L-M-E-R-S Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: V-I-L-L-E And um both his parents are from out there it's really number one number one district. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. {C: baby noises} # 490: Okay. It's between {D: Palmersville and Laythom high- Laythom} and all that boonies out there I don't know. And uh his parents were were both from out there and Don has two brothers and one of them is one that's just is he's a career man service and they're just home this week Interviewer: Right. 490: After three years in Germany. Interviewer: Gotcha. 490: And um they lived out there for a long time till Donald of course was already born and everything when they moved to Dresden. But I mean he was not born when they moved to Dresden but their first child was little when they lived out. I don't know why they moved to town. Um. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: I guess he I don't know really what his occupation was before he {NS} Oh Ben. {C: baby crying} I'm gonna give him #1 something to eat. {C: baby crying} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 490: {D: Man} Ready to go. Interviewer: {NW} That hit the spot? 490: {NW} Interviewer: What do you think about those carrots? 490: #1 Say well they're # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: pretty good. Interviewer: {D: Big} like you're thinking about it. 490: His favorite is get this vegetables, egg noodles, and beef. It comes in a can like this and I looked on the jar to see what was in and it's got uh garlic Interviewer: {NW} 490: and turmeric and cour- it has everything that you'd put in like a real spicy beef stew. Interviewer: Goodness. 490: #1 It smells awful. But boy # Interviewer: #2 They make those things for babies huh? # 490: {NW} He ate it #1 up. # Interviewer: #2 That sounds rough. # 490: It sure {C: baby noises} it sure does I couldn't imagine {C: baby noises} putting garlic in every course. I- d- and so I I tasted of it and I don't taste any garlic or anything it's not real spicy #1 but just sounds # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 490: like it would be. But he sure liked it. Interviewer: {NW} 490: Good stuff. {NW} {C: baby noises} {C: baby noises} Interviewer: Absolutely. {NS} {NW} Oh man. {NS} 490: I don't remember what I was talking about. Interviewer: Oh I was gonna ask you about uh let's see oh the do you do you both go to Church 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 here in town. # 490: Uh Donald is a member of First Baptist Church. He has been for well since he was twelve or thirteen he joined the Church. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 Here. # And um I am a Methodist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But Donald goes to the Methodist Church with me but I cannot convince him. He Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 he needs to be a Methodist rather than a Baptist. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: But it's not necessarily I don't think that {NW} of course there's not a whole lot of difference in the two but {C: baby noises} I think that his mother would lay down and have a kicking fit. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 If he were to join the Methodist Church. {C: laughing} {C: baby noises} # Now if she didn't know about it it would be Interviewer: Yeah 490: you know alright. But Don's father passed away in sixty-two. He had a heart attack. And she is in her seventies and she's set in her ways. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And she lives in her apartment with uh the old maid school teacher that's a member of the Methodist Church. And if we are not at Church on Sunday then ms {D: Seafield} the lady that lives with ms Glover will go home and say well I didn't see Donald and Polly Beth at church today. Interviewer: That's a bad #1 situation. # 490: #2 Yes it is. # And if Donald were to join the Church {NW} #1 that's the first thing # Interviewer: #2 Yep. # 490: ms {D: Sea} would do. {C: aggressive metallic sound} She'd run home and say Don joined the Church Oh I'm just so glad to ha- you know. Interviewer: {NW} 490: And Miss Glover wouldn't like it much. Interviewer: That would tear it #1 {D: I bet}. # 490: #2 Yes # it surely would. Interviewer: Mm. 490: So we go to Church and I have talked {X} {NS} Church too. But uh I haven't been doing much of that since Ben's been here because it's {C: baby noises} sorta difficult to do those things {C: baby noises} that I used to do without even thinking twice now that I have him. {C: baby noises} Interviewer: {X} Does the uh Methodist Church here have a pretty big congregation? {C: baby noises} 490: Uh I think it's about three hundred. I think there's about three hundred members but there's {C: baby noises} {D: I don't think there are that} many people that are there all the time. Uh the {C: baby noises} Baptist Church we got a lot of good Baptists here about a couple years ago. The Baptist Church moved. They had been up there beside their church was beside {C: baby noises} the Methodist Church and had been for years and years and years. Well they- it was in a bad place and it was an unattractive church to begin with. It was um really strange looking. It was built on a corner and it and it went all the way around the corner. You know instead of having a front it was all {C: baby noises} well it was strange looking. And they just sorta let it go down because a lot of the congregation wanted to build a new church. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Well they got into a hassle over it. {C: baby noises} And so {C: baby noises} Some of the members wanted to sell the church to the city and some of the the city was called build something there and some of 'em wanted to sell it to the {D: Wick} County Bank cause the {D: Wick} County Bank was going to build a new building and they wanted to {C: baby noises} buy the land and Oh they just had a terrible hassle. And some of the people got so disgusted with it that they just left the Church. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: And they came next door to the Methodist Church. So we got a lot of good {C: metallic clanging} #1 Baptists. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: metallic clanging} # I see what you mean. 490: Yeah but they have uh built a new church out here down the {D: Grayfield} Highway. And it's a real nice church. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But some of the older members you know didn't want to do that. They wanted {D: to keep their church} {C: baby screaming} I can understand why. I'd hate to see my church get torn down you know and a bank being pu- built in its place but we have a real nice new {D: Wick} County Bank up #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: Where the Baptist Church was. Interviewer: Well worse yet maybe a parking lot. 490: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} {C: metal clanging} 490: That's right. Interviewer: Well let's see you mentioned a minute ago that you started doing Masters Degree work. Are you still working on that? #1 Or did you finish? # 490: #2 No I finished that in # seventy-two. And uh {C: baby noises} at the time I was teaching English in high school up here. But um {C: baby noises} Interviewer: You said what's your major again in college. 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 English. # English and history. {NW} I had a double major. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And uh {C: baby noises} I {NS} I think what influenced me to do that had an excellent high school English teacher. {C: baby noises} And she's retiring. She retired this year but she i- was really the best teacher that I had in all my lo- my many years of going to school. {C: baby noises} But uh Anyway I was a history and English major in and I got my masters in English and history. Well along came this librarian slot opened up. Well we had not had an elementary school librarian. The state of {C: baby noises} Tennessee just made that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: made the funds available so that every elementary school could have {C: baby noises} if so many students you know if they had so many students they could have a full time librarian and they never had one {C: baby noises} there before. So the principal asked me would I be interested and I said sure {C: baby noises} but I was right in the middle of working on my Masters and I had to have certification in library science. So the closest place that you could go at that time {C: baby noises} was well uh {C: baby noises} {D: Lanbith} University {NS} in Jackson. They had a library service program. Or you could to George Peabody in Nashville. Or you could go to Murray State which was out of state and had to pay out of state #1 tuition. Mm-hmm. {C: baby noises} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: And that crossed the oh that's about forty miles from here. {NS} So i- it would cost a hundred and ninety-six dollars for me to go to Murray and get three hours. Interviewer: Mm. {C: baby noises} 490: It cost a hundred and ninety-eight dollars to go to {D: Lanbith} in cause it's a church supported school. {C: baby noises} So I thought well you know what it's gonna cost a lot but I'd rather do that because I was about up to here {C: baby noises} Interviewer: Yeah. 490: in high school English students. Interviewer: {NW} 490: And all the hassles of teaching in high school. Um. You get sponsor class and you know or sponsor the cheerleaders or you ended up doing the {X} or {C: baby noises} Interviewer: Yeah. 490: You know it was just more than was worth it. Interviewer: I've forgotten what my what my poor high school English teachers had to put up with. {C: baby noises} 490: #1 Oh I- # Interviewer: #2 It's terrible. # 490: It really is. So many extracurricular activities that you didn't have time Uh-oh Ben. Don't want anymore huh? Interviewer: It is a bureaucratic {C: baby noises} {X} all the forms that you hear 490: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 about. # 490: No not not as much that. I mean you get used to that you know. It's just. It's the kids that'll drive you #1 crazy. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: Excuse me let me get a #1 water. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 490: But the last year that I I taught English Don said that you need that I believe that's about enough. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 See # if you can't do something else because I was sponsoring Beta Club. {C: baby noises} You know what the Beta Club is? {C: baby noises} Well okay I was sponsoring the Beta Club and we were putting on a play. {C: baby noises} To make enough to {X} {C: baby crying} and I was doing that {C: baby noises} four nights a week. We were practicing for the play. And then I was teaching Junior English, Senior Eng- one section of Senior English, two Junior English, an eighth grade section, and American government. Had all those different preparations every night plus #1 doing that. # Interviewer: #2 Did you have any tranquilizers? # 490: That's right I went to the doctor I I was just {NW} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Mm. # 490: So I went to the doctor and for the first time I'd ever even thought about taking any kind of tranquilizer or anything and he gave me some very mild tranquilizer but instead of cooling me down they just hopped me up. #1 I was hanging off the ceiling. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 490: #1 I I took one of those things. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: So that was my experience with tranquilizers. But anyway I decided that I needed to do something besides teach English that was #1 just too much # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: trying to raise a family and Don was traveling then and he was gone a lot. So right in mid-stream I started picking up my I stopped my Masters over at the University and started picking up some other courses things that I could transfer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And I ended up getting my library certification year before last. It took me a while and Lord knows how much money. And I know never gonna see return on {D: in Wick County} on teacher's salary. It might be enough to keep a bird alive. Interviewer: Is that right? 490: Oh Wick County is slow. Interviewer: Mm. 490: They're slowly but surely coming along, but we're having to threaten strike and everything else you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Well I know what you're talking about. When I was uh in graduate school at the University of Alabama the {X} graduate teaching assistants was screaming about the {C: car noise} the low uh the low rate of pay uh. They hadn't we hadn't gotten a cost of living increase in in just ages. 490: Is this from the state of Alabama or is this from #1 um. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah i- it would be uh # 490: #1 Well our state does # Interviewer: #2 {D: probably} # 490: you know our state's tryna keep up cuz Tennessee used to be low man on the totem pole. #1 So they're doing better now. {C: baby noises} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm. # 490: We got another seven percent raise for- for next year but this county it slow. I mean they're all all the people that are on the county court are farmers. They don't want their property taxes increased. Interviewer: {D: Right.} 490: You know. #1 It's already got that old hassle and everything. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # 490: Just the same old stuff. I guess, is that why you're {D: working} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah {D: Oh gosh}. # Nobody wants any taxes. 490: No. Interviewer: Oh I meant to tell you. Uh that my mother is a librarian. 490: #1 Is she? # Interviewer: #2 As a matter of fact. # Yeah. She's uh the town that I'm from Troy has a four year college. Troy 490: #1 State. # Interviewer: #2 State. # 490: #1 Yes well I know I # Interviewer: #2 and she grew up- # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 490: Oh yeah {NW} #1 We had some # Interviewer: #2 For the football games. # 490: #1 Football games. Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah yeah. # 490: We've been to Troy State two or three times. Interviewer: Oh you've been down there? 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 490: Last time we were in I I won't tell you what my husband did. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Stupid {X} {C: laughing} # It was terrible. It was just terrible. We hadn't been married oh a year or so and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: we had a good time #1 but we took all weekend to get to there and back. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Really? Yeah yeah yeah. {C: laughing} # That's a pretty long haul. 490: We always start I think we start about Thursday night or Friday morning. {NW} Sunday night or #1 Monday night planning. Dinner time. # Interviewer: #2 Sound like sound like just that. Yeah. # {NW} Oh but y- U-T Martin has always been an old nemesis of #1 Troy State. # 490: #2 Mm yeah. # Interviewer: I remember one day when Troy State won the national championship in sixty-eight the only team to beat them was {NW} #1 UT Martin {C: laughing} # 490: #2 Yeah # I remember that Donald was I I was over there but Donald was in service. #1 {X} everything. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah. # 490: Um is she uh the librarian #1 at Forest Town? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah a records librarian at the # 490: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 at the college library. # She has ki- she's really not formally trained to be a librarian. She went to school at the University of Alabama majored in home economics. #1 So I said you know {D: have a girl}. Yeah. {C: laughing} # 490: #2 Mm we all change mid-stream. # Interviewer: It's kinda peculiar. She's just crazy about that #1 {D: line of} work. # 490: #2 I really like # course I have uh eight hundred and fifty elementary school kids as they're coming in that library every week #1 wanting something you know. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Goodness}. # 490: I #1 {D: Five could be color.} # Interviewer: #2 This is all one school? # 490: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # That's a big school. 490: Yeah we have well until last year we had the largest elementary school in the county cuz Martin had like uh K through four and then they had a middle school and the junior high and then a high school. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But um I I guess they s- rev- revamped this and everything they {D: don't} have one school {X} that has more students than we do. {C: baby crying} But we were the largest school in the county. {c: baby crying} {D: Cherry's} and Duke Hanson got K through 8 and it got closed over eight hundred about eight hundred and seventy-five students. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And um I have a schedule you know each class comes in for thirty minutes except for junior high kids and they don't come unless I #1 It's like I'll let her know. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 That's a good {X} {C: laughing} # 490: #1 I guess {X} keep 'em coming # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. {C: laughing} # I can remember my days in the library {D: at} Junior High School. #1 So I saw very little reason with that. # 490: #2 Oh lord. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # I just don't let them come unless they're planning on checking out a book or sitting. #1 I just send them back. They're gonna come up there and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 have a good time. That's all they're interested in. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # That's right. 490: Tearing up the magazines or writing things in the magazines. #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 This is true. # I had a my librarian at high school had a - had this attitude that when one was in the library one did not touch the books. #1 They were supposed to stay on the {C:laugh} # 490: #2 You know what # Interviewer: shelves and look pretty. 490: #1 That's what I # Interviewer: #2 It's kinda funny. # 490: That's the way my was in high school. And I said th- that's gonna be and she's just now retiring this year #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: I I guess the kids are glad to see her go. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But I said I am not gonna be that way. So we play games and course they're elementary school it's a lot different #1 than high school you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 490: I had a a teacher in the lab downstairs came up one day last week of school and asked could I please hold it down. We were playing running with the kindergarten kids and having it playing games. #1 And there's a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: steel beam that runs u- in the floor and it's ri- and when you walk on it a certain way it just #1 vibrates the whole thing. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 490: And I was vibrating {D: learn} and limb. So {X} come up and {C: laughing} and sort of cool it. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 That's uh # 490: #2 But # we had a good time anyway. I showed them a lot of famous trips and things #1 like that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: {X} I hope they do anyway. Interviewer: Yeah. Oh yeah my mother likes it so much sh- she brings her work home with her. #1 And # 490: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: find her in the living room surrounded by cards and government documents #1 and spicy stuff like that # 490: #2 No I'm not in that. # Interviewer: #1 you know. {C: laughing} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 There's some {X} # 490: #2 Mm. I'm not in # stuff like that. Thank goodness #1 I think I # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: just would be lost. I'm I'm more on the last one Homer's {D: Green Pea} and books like that. Interviewer: {NW} Well why my mother uh before she became a librarian at Troy State was a librarian for what they called a laboratory school. It was subject it was a college uh #1 uh it was run # 490: #2 {D: Yeah I know what you're talking.} # Interviewer: pretty closely with the school of education #1 there. # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: And so you know she she d- she still reads that kind of thing. They have a collection there in the in college for the uh l- for the students who are #1 in elementary education. # 490: #2 Yeah. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: And of course they have to #1 figure out themselves all the stuff. # 490: #2 All the money and all the {D: county cotton} winners. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # 490: #2 And their- yeah. # Interviewer: #1 I t- he probably had to keep reading the stuff # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: your brain going to turn to jello. #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: But she} A- and sometimes what's really bad I I I think she's reading it for her own pleasure. {C: Laughing} #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {X} # I had a a book this this last month it came in. I ordered a new- it was Liza Lou and the yellow baby swan. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: It was darling. It really is about this little black girl who's just walking out of her hates and goblins and #1 everything. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: And I have more fun reading those things Interviewer: Yeah. 490: you know the kids out loud and they just sitting there you know with their eyes #1 so big. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: And one little girl was sitting on the floor in kindergarten. She was sitting on the floor right under and I've got a little bitty chair that I'm practically on the floor with them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And every time I turned a page of the book course it had those big goblins and ghosts and everything she's a little black girl and she'd say #1 Oh Lord. {C: mimicking voice} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 Every time I turned the page before I'd start she'd say # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 Oh Lord {C: mimicking voice}. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 And I knew what was coming. I was about to {D: break} her. It was really funny. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: The children. I I enjoy working with children there. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: They keep you young. Interviewer: Yeah. That is nice. 490: Know all kinds of different- you know what's going on. #1 You know what to expect # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: out of your own. You're not shocked when your #1 {D: own does}. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's true. # 490: You're having yourself a lunch. {C: mumbling to baby} Interviewer: I say one of the things I wanted to ask you was are you in any kind of uh church groups or clubs or civic organizations or anything like that? 490: Um. I belong to a {C: baby crying} young Methodists womens group which is a a y- there's two groups like this at our church one for young- younger women and one for the older women. And I'm a member of that. And um then I'm a member of the alumni asso- association kinda like I was kinda like when I was in school. There was my sorority I mean I'm very involved now I'm an officer this year. Into that a lot. {C: baby crying} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: baby crying} 490: And um {C: baby crying} I was in {X} Club but {D: I couldn't go} or I couldn't handle all of this. {C: baby noises} I had to let some of that #1 stuff go. {C: baby noises} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: And let's see if there's anything else that I'm doing right now. Interviewer: {D: Are they} organizations associated with school {C: baby noises} #1 or? # 490: #2 Uh # But of course our local P-T-O parent teachers organization. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: {X} {C: baby noises} And I'm an officer in that this next year. {C: baby noises} Let me get this off you Ben. {C: baby noises} And um {C: baby noises} the library association of course. All these education associations things that I'm involved in. Interviewer: Is that P-E-A? 490: Yeah the P-E-A and our {D: Wick} County Association thing. I was an officer last year. And now professional organizations {C: baby noises} And aw just about meeting-ed out like I have a lot of things. I- you know you can really work yourself to death when you get so {D: picked when it's like} well I should do that. Interviewer: Oh yeah. {C: baby noises} 490: So. Interviewer: She's doing fine {D: we're gonna} give it to her. {C: baby noises} 490: That's right. {C: baby crying} And um I'm {C: baby noises} I'm a sponsor of our our junior beta club at school and we are then involved in raising uh fundraising things for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and then for Saint Jude Research Hospital in Memphis too. Interviewer: {NW} {C: baby noises} 490: Uh. {C: baby noises} That {C: baby noises} is a big thing in our area. I don't know whether down where you #1 live they still # Interviewer: #2 Cystic fibrosis? # 490: No the the Saint Jude Research Hospital. #1 Maybe it's not # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 490: I don't know whether it's that far reaching or not. They have a lot of drives around here. Saint Jude's. Interviewer: Is that in Memphis? 490: Uh-huh. #1 The research hospital # Interviewer: #2 Right yeah. # 490: for children you know #1 with cancer. Right uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 That Danny Thomas {go for tournaments was} # #1 a fundraiser for that. # 490: #2 That's right. Mm-hmm. # Danny Thomas is the man who really the he's the wheel horse #1 when it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: comes to Saint Jude's. And um Interviewer: Wonder how he got associated with that. 490: I I think one of his children. Interviewer: Oh. 490: Or one of one of his friend's children. Or something. Anyway had leukemia. And um he somehow became involved with it I don't know exact- I don't know the full story on it. It's sorta like Jerry Lewis and the multiple sclerosis Interviewer: #1 I was just about to # 490: #2 thing {X} # Interviewer: ask you whether you know what his association are his interests in. 490: Who #1 Jerry Lewis or? Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Bob Stewert {D: districted is} # 490: He has a child. Interviewer: Is that right? 490: I the reason I know that is w- there was a telethon that came out of the {D: duke} on television. And he {D: throw} multiple sclerosis. Is that it? Interviewer: Yeah. 490: Okay. I didn't know #1 whether that was loose enough. # Interviewer: #2 Is it multiple sclerosis or # muscular dystrophy. 490: Muscular dystrophy that's what it is. And they had telethons. And he came and he explained it. It was very emotional #1 for me. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 490: Oh he Interviewer: #1 Well I have n- I've seen these national # 490: #2 He's really {X} # Interviewer: telethons that he does. But I've never seen him I've never heard him uh give an explanation. 490: Mm-hmm. Well he he to- course it was in the wee hours of the morning. That he Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 Yeah. # But he explained how one of his children Interviewer: Hmm. 490: was afflicted. And uh i- it was interesting. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 An- # But as so- as as soon as he finished the the line hopped. #1 You know it's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: a good selling point Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # But it's for a good cause. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 490: #2 Th- # Those things like that. But anyway we just um one of the a real {C: baby noises} fine young man from Dresden just died of leukemia this past spring. And all of our city groups and everything really we- gone the limit with Saint Jude. Not the limit but really gone all out. As far as memorial gifts and things like that. You know. Projects and everything prepared. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what about your husband. Is he associated with any kind of 490: Uh he belongs to several professional organizations that have to do with this business thing in Jackson. {D: Sutan.} And then uh he's involved I don't know what all Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 490: #2 {X} {C: car} # But anyway they're uh they're friends too His company. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: I don't know but h- as far as being involved at the lines closed rubber cutting in Dresden. He's never in Dresden. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: He goes to Jackson every day. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 Which is # about a sixty mile drive. And everybody says how does he do that you know it's it's just like going downtown to him. #1 He's so used to it. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: And uh people can't understand how when I say I'm going to run down to Jackson you know I got to bring something to do. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: And I imagine it's like it's like going to Memphis for me. Like you know. Interviewer: Like it's some kind of journey. 490: Yeah right. But uh he Don had a basketball scholarship. When he was in school and uh or I- he says he wouldn't have been able to go to school you know if he hadn't had the scholarship so he's involved with the alumni association a lot as far the scholarships for basketball students and things like that. Or all sports events. Interviewer: Yeah I was walking around on the on the campus the other day. That's a pretty campus. 490: #1 It surely is. # Interviewer: #2 I like it. # 490: They Interviewer: #1 Gotta learn. # 490: #2 It's changed some. # Interviewer: Big new buildings. 490: Don and I went to school over there in sixty-three. And enrolled it was fifteen hundred. Interviewer: Is that right? 490: And now it's eight thousand. Interviewer: Eight thousand? 490: They were saying #1 well no # Interviewer: #2 Wow. # 490: they had it uh in the last fall they had enrollment I think of eight thousand. But I think it's dropping off a little you know. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Didn't seem like {X} {D: not quite eight} # Interviewer: Yeah. Well that's a big school. 490: Yeah. It has really grown. But uh. Interviewer: I went to visit a friend of mine in uh Knoxville. He's a student there at U-T. And I was amazed #1 at the size of that campus. # 490: #2 That place is something else. # Interviewer: #1 They make it # 490: #2 It's enormous. # That's Interviewer: Something else. 490: We go up at least three or four times a year. In the fall. Football games. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 We're # we're addicts. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And we have season tickets. You know the whole gamut and everything. And um I just I look forward to it. {D: Provide-} Fall's my favorite time of year. And I love football. I can't wait to get up there. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And we've- for the last two years we've been we've taken our son. {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 And he is just # raised. I you know and when we raised on U-T football. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And now we got John Majors up that's there. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 490: #2 Everybody's just sitting on # Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 490: #2 {X}. And hoping we can # beat that man down there. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 In your neck of the woods {C: laughing} # Interviewer: I'll have to admit when U-T beats Alabama they usually do a pretty thorough job of it. 490: Oh I never went w- we're Every year Don says well if it's at Knoxville how about a Tennessee games at Knoxville are you going? I said I don't know let me think about it. Well I always end up going. But the last three times we've been to Birmingham. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: I said I'm not going back to Birmingham. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 They're gonna play at Legion Field. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 I'm not going. # And I mean it. And #1 every # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: year when I end up trucking Interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah. # 490: #2 down there and every year # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {D: I come on a big old} long face. And # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 I can't remember the last time th-. # Well last time we beat you down there. We were there. And we got we were in a motel it was downtown and we got on the wrong bus. Interviewer: Mm. 490: We got on the bu- well it was going back to the motel. The right place. But it was straight Alabama fans. You know #1 we were the only Tennessee fans on there. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. That's bad. # 490: {NW} And I just couldn't keep this big smile off #1 my face you know. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 Just sitting back there like that. And {D: you go} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: {D: everybody's got their} #1 long faces # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 and everything. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 You get you. Just wait your time's coming and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: every year since then it has. Interviewer: Oh r- 490: What was it seventy-two? Interviewer: I g- I don't even remember. 490: Seventy or seventy-two. Bad year I tell you. Interviewer: #1 I h- I don't I don't like # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh the games in Birmingham. I've only been to one and you can guess which one that was. It was the seventeen to sixteen {D: debacle} with Auburn. 490: Ah yes. Interviewer: You know the two black punts. Uh. 490: {NW} Interviewer: I've never been back. {NW} I don't like Birmingham anyway. 490: #1 I- I don't care for it either. # Interviewer: #2 So really # 490: Don's just coming back from there today. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 He he's- # I like not very crazy about it. Interviewer: Yeah it's really unfinished. 490: {D: Dol} did some business in Tuscaloosa this last summer. Interviewer: Yeah? 490: And uh we were down there. He had s- sold some pipes to somebody. And then they have a sales representative in Alabama. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And um. He was putting their- they were delivering some stuff or something. Don had to go down there and check on some stuff. So we went and those people down there are crazy. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # We can get {D: Bryce} Hospital's there #1 that's some pretty good percent of the population that's crazy. Whatever it is. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # {D: I am recorded} they're crazy about Alabama football. Interviewer: #1 Oh well. # 490: #2 You just # uh they're right nuts. Interviewer: Well you know you hear the same thing if you go up into Knoxville. You know. Take yourself a hard hat and a baseball bat #1 and see how many Tennessee fans are there. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: That's right} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I had I had a roommate who was a hardcore Alabama fan. He he took it so far that he went to all the games. Whether home or away, you know, and that's pretty long #1 road trip. # 490: #2 Yeah it is. # Interviewer: And well he bought a new car uh one year that he was there he got a new- one of these big new Chryslers and he got it uh it was red with a white top. 490: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 You know. # But that guy was {D: alright} 490: #1 Crimson Tide. # Interviewer: #2 But uh. # 490: #1 He really is # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 um {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 He was he was he was bad. # You know. 490: We pulled up and just this guy that Donald had bought this pipe- city engineer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And he held out his hand and saw Don sitting in the backseat. Our little one sitting in the backseat. And he said I've got just the thing for that boy. And he went back there and got an Alabama calendar. #1 That had all the players # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: all the way across the top and everything. Had a big picture of Bryant right in the center #1 and everything. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 But he said here son. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 And {D: Donald} looked {D: Donald} looked at him and he said I'm not an Alabama fan. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: And he said you are now. Interviewer: Yeah probably think it was sacrilege. 490: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Or something like that. # 490: #2 {NW} # I don't know what. Interviewer: #1 {D: Yeah they probably for uh} # 490: #2 {X} told you. # Interviewer: they are pretty uh pretty vocal around there. At times though it's funny in uh in the stadium uh they can get real quiet. 490: #1 Oh bless 'em like dead {D: seed} # Interviewer: #2 Alm- just kinda apathetic about the whole thing. # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # But that U-T stadium is enormous. That's one 490: #1 Yeah it's fantastic. # Interviewer: #2 of the biggest # 490: #1 They - I know - They've um # Interviewer: #2 college stadiums I've seen. # 490: It well let's see. What'd they put on last fall that upper layer thing that they put on last fall {C: baby scream and clanging} It seats eighty-three thousand now. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 I think. # I think that's right eighty-three. Interviewer: I understand they're gonna make a bowl #1 out of it right? # 490: #2 Yeah. # They're going on and finishing it and I don't know whether the funds have gone through or. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: You know whether they're going to go on and finish it or not cuz when they do that #1 It's close to a hundred thousand I would think. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Could go} a hundred thousand yeah. # 490: #1 They need I declare. # Interviewer: #2 They aren't too {D: upstaged I think} # 490: It's terrible you just have to stand in line and get tickets. Interviewer: Is that right? 490: It just. It's awful. Just about as bad as I imagine it is in Birmingham. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah yeah. I guess so. It's about it's about time that they tore down Legion Field. {C: laughing} 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 As far as I'm concerned. # 490: #1 I think I just uh I have bad luck # Interviewer: #2 I like that {D: lug} # 490: every time I go anywhere. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} No I- I'm like you I like uh I like the fall. And #1 the football # 490: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: and all that. 490: Good. Interviewer: #1 Gives you something to look forward to # 490: #2 Cause it's my favorite time of year. # Interviewer: every weekend. 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Relieve your mind # from the strain. 490: We were just going to football games about three or four years ago we got a little slower at everything. We just got so ev- We'd go to at least one road trip a year you know and uh with a chartered bus and everything. Mostly of the people are from Martin and from Dresden. Interviewer: Mm. 490: We run around with a lot of people from Martin. And um Interviewer: Have you ever been to an L-S-U game? In Baton Rouge. 490: Oh honey! Tell me about it. Would you believe year before last. Interviewer: I've got to go to Baton Rouge one day for a game. 490: #1 Oh golly. # Interviewer: #2 I've heard so much about Tiger Stadium. # 490: Yeah we trucked down there. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 490: #2 That's really real. # We went on the bus now if you can picture this to Baton Rouge was a long trip. Interviewer: Oh God. 490: It's a great trip down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But coming back you know you're just Interviewer: Yeah. 490: dead. We went down there it was a night game. They they're they're crazy down there. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I think they are the crazy # 490: #2 They had # Interviewer: #1 fans in the southeast. # 490: #2 yeah. I had great # half-time. Uh shows and everything. They trained animals and Interviewer: #1 Oh really. # 490: #2 you know and everything {C: laughing}. # But you you watch where you sit and you watch what you say. Interviewer: Is that right? 490: Oh. They're they're t- just flat ugly sometimes {C: laughing}. Course I guess we we've gotten a little ugly too but mm they're rough. Interviewer: #1 Well friends of mine # 490: #2 Tiger's day. # Interviewer: A friend of mine who's from my hometown he played for Alabama for a while said that while when they went to it Baton Rouge the players from L-S-U the fans would get so rowdy you know {D: somewhat} crazy Cajun 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 down there # that Bryant and the rest of coaching staff would have to put on football helmets. 490: #1 Yeah they throw things. # Interviewer: #2 The crowds would throw # bottles at ya 490: #1 Mm-hmm. They sure do. No. # Interviewer: #2 all the time. # 490: That night that course we just got stomped. We were doin- You know we had such a great season and then L-S-U come up and {X} And um it got so we didn't even care. We just said we can have a good time #1 you know. We don't # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: no need in being upset about this morning cause it's completely gone. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But uh they were throwing bottles and stuff. They didn't like what the referee. Interviewer: Mm. 490: It's about like uh K- the Kentucky basketball. Interviewer: #1 Oh {D: great} # 490: #2 {NW} # Oh me I thought th- that my husband was going to have just rigor mortis was gonna set in Interviewer: #1 Have you been to Lexington # 490: #2 for him. {X} # Interviewer: for a game? 490: No we didn't go to Lexington. We went to um {C: baby noises} Um. Oh where did we go. But we went to Oxford this year. We went to Donald's been to Lexington but I've never been. But we went to Oxford for Ole Miss game this year. Tennessee Ole Miss game #1 See Ernie and Bernie {X} {C: baby crying} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: I'm sorry son. {D: baby crying} We watched the Ernie and Bernie show. And th- he had a really good {C: baby crying} It's too bad that they didn't do any better than they did cause they had all kinds of potential. Alabama too. Interviewer: #1 Well Tennessee uh # 490: #2 We were disappointed in Alabama. # Interviewer: Tennessee wound up 490: I don't Interviewer: #1 pretty high # 490: #2 know. # Interviewer: didn't they? 490: Yeah but you know in the tournament N double A C Interviewer: #1 Oh. Yeah. # 490: #2 P. N double A C-P. # Interviewer: #1 That was # 490: #2 N-C double A {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Yeah they had th- that's right they won the set by um {C: whirring} 490: {D: I think} Norton and some Yankee thing what was it? {C: whirring} Interviewer: Oh 490: #1 They had Norton. # Interviewer: #2 Syracuse. # 490: Syracuse yeah. Interviewer: #1 Yes that was a {D: prize}. # 490: #2 Oh that was sad. # It was really sad. They acted then they played. Don kept saying I they're gonna come back. Or everything's gonna be alright. It's gon- we're gonna win this game. Just don't you worry about it. He was crawling around on the floor. Beating the Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 floor. And he gets on the telephone with this guy # that's a lawyer down #1 here. That are # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: great {D: beasts}. And they stay on the telephone. They ju- they don't watch the games or listen to them again. They'd rather stay on the telephone. They'll pick up the phone. Did you see how Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 that {D: out}? # Alan say yeah I saw. What'd you think about that. Well they sit there and rehash that play. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 And then they # go back and oh. Interviewer: #1 Well I guess he's got a # 490: #2 {D: Like me.} # Interviewer: different perspective of being a former basketball player. 490: Yeah. He he's sorta {D: directorial poor back} going on. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # He doesn't understand you know why why so and so did so and so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But #1 it's neither # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: here nor that. I mean he couldn't change it by getting so upset. {D: Y'all going to say} so now Johnny Majors is coming to Tennessee. {C: baby noises} You want some more carrots. You get tired. {NW} Interviewer: D- does- did he follow the uh professional playoffs? 490: Yeah. He uh my father went to the- Are you talking about basketball or football? Interviewer: Yeah basketball. 490: Basketball. Not too much I don't think. Donald doesn't. If it's Tennessee basketball he's interested. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And you know but otherwise I thought you was talking about football. Let's get in here! I thought you was talking about football. Daddy went to the Super Bowl this year. He goes he's been for the last four years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And uh I think he has a good time there too. Interviewer: {NW} 490: We all manage to have a good time #1 wherever we go. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 {D: What'd I} do with my spoon? # Interviewer: #2 Well that's the best way to do it. # 490: {C: baby crying} Oh now. Interviewer: Are you unhappy? {C: rustling} 490: When I was I w- in Junior High I guess Mom and Dad started taking me to Knoxville to the ball game. {X} I've just been raised on Tennessee football. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: Man you were still hungry weren't you? Interviewer: I hate to get it, but that was probably the underlying reason that I wanted to go to Alabama in the first place. I'd always heard {C: baby noises} 490: Yeah. Interviewer: about. You know. The big football tradition and all that. 490: Well we're not exper- expecting miracles. Big miracles #1 this year. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 We're just expecting small # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: We would we would like to come close #1 in the Alabama Tennessee game this year. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Well if anyone can do it 490: #1 Well he keeps # Interviewer: #2 I bet {D: Matrix} can. # 490: in our newspapers and everything. Course he is one of the trustees at at U-T, lives right over here across from us. {C: baby crying} Oh come on now. And uh he's told us at Church this Saturday at the last Saturday football season. He told us at Church he said I've just taken my phone off the hook. Cause his people are calling me tryna get get rid of battle and he said I've just taken my phone off the hook. Interviewer: Mm. 490: That's how bad it was. Everybody Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {D: kneeling}. # Okay I don't know what you want. Would you tell me what you want. {C: baby noises} Huh? What y- {C: some a teaching} huh? Interviewer: {NW} 490: Don't think that's really it either. Now okay look here let's play with these. {C: baby noises} Now. I don't know what's wrong w- I t- had to take him to the doctor yesterday for his ears and I think {C: baby noises} maybe his ear might be hurting him a little bit. Interviewer: Does that come with any kind of fever or #1 anything like that. # 490: #2 Yeah. # He had Monday he had a little temperature about a hundred and one. Interviewer: Mm. 490: You're getting restless as everything aren't you sir? Interviewer: {NW} 490: Said who are you? {NW} He could just stare right through you. Just keeps sitting and looking. Interviewer: Have you done much traveling uh either instate or out of state? 490: Well uh when I was a Junior in high school mother and and daddy and my two brothers, I have two younger brothers, went to well we went down the southern part of the United States round to California and then back up through. And I think I've been in three- somethin- thirty something states I don't remember it's been a long time since I remember counting. And then uh when I was senior in high school we went to the World's Fair in New York. And so we went all up through that area. And then Donald and I well Donald was stationed a- at in New Jersey Fort Mott New Jersey and while he was there we went all up into New England and everything up into Maine and we spent several weekends in Maine and New Hampshire and Massachusetts and up through there and then we go to Florida every summer so all down through the southern states. You know we um have a house that we rent down there every summer for a week. Interviewer: #1 What part of Florida is that? # 490: #2 Um like uh. # It's on Santa Rosa Island. And uh it's right n- above Mexico. And um Interviewer: #1 Have you ever been out of the country? # 490: #2 Um. # Mexico. That's all I've that's as far as and Canada. I forgot I've been to Canada. {C: laughing} But as far as being you know #1 across the Atlantic or anything. # Interviewer: #2 More {X} yeah. # 490: I'm not. I have never done that. I don't really have any desire to do that for some reason. That has not become one of my ambitions yet. Interviewer: #1 Yeah yet. # 490: #2 You know. Sometimes I- # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Yeah yet. {C: laughing} # I'll want to do that eventually, but I just really haven't I guess I've been too busy to worry about that. Now my my aunt and uncle, my mother's sister and her husband, live in Florida and every summer they take a European tour Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 or a # South Pacific tour or something. They don't have any children. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And they just you know the- they are school teachers. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And he just they save up their money I guess. Well Florida you know has several programs that after you teach for so long- well I don't know whether they still do it now or not but after you teach for seven years you get sort of a year's leave. A s- like a sabbatical. You know. And they can they've been taking advantage of that. This summer they're going t- no last summer they went to the British Isles and they stayed all summer. Interviewer: Mm. 490: It's for three months well two and a half months. And then Interviewer: Terrific. 490: uh this summer they're taking a cruise in the Mediterranean. And I don't know what country their's gonna be staying in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But I've you know I'd like to do that sometime I guess. I'd like to get on just a I'd like to get on this r- river boat that goes down the Cumberland River and up to Oakland, Illinois and everything. The Delta queen You heard about that? #1 That's a # Interviewer: #2 No. # 490: fantastic trip. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: It's really nice. This our uh have you heard of Ned Ray McWherter. You know who I'm talking about when I say that? Interviewer: What's his name? 490: Ned Ray McWherter. He's the speaker of the house of Tennessee. And he's from Dresden. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: He's the state representative. And he and my father and mother are real good friends. He's from Dresden originally. And he and a friend of his did this last weekend on the Delta Queen and he said it was he said he's been he's done a lot of things. He's been to Europe and everything. He said that's the most enjoyable trip he'd ever taken. Interviewer: This is a {D: four fuuz} #1 riverboat. # 490: #2 Uh-huh a big steamboat. # Riv- riverboat. Interviewer: Wow. 490: And it Interviewer: Big paddle wheel 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 and everything? # 490: {D: Though} I think it has electrical motors too. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 You know # in case the paddle wheels #1 {D: don't work} {C: laughing}. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: But that's for nostalgia stak- #1 sake. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 490: But uh it goes all the way to New Orleans. You can go on it to New Orleans up into Minnesota someplace but i- it then it goes around the Cumberland River up into Kentucky. And uh but it's a real nice trip. You can stay on as long as you want to. You know. Interviewer: Wow. 490: But he had they got on at Nashville I believe. On the Cumberland River. And then his driver picked them up someplace in in Illinois. But he said it was a great trip. I'd like to do that. And that doesn't cost much. You know like two hundred and fifty dollars. Interviewer: #1 Oh wow. # 490: #2 You know. # Interviewer: #1 That's reasonable. # 490: #2 So. # Mm-hmm. And that's all your meals and all your entertainment and all your drinks and everything. Interviewer: Can't beat that. 490: No you can't. {C: laughing} Not from Friday 'til Monday. Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's true. Wow. 490: Sound like a nice trip. I'd like to do that sometime. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 There's # a lot of things in the United States I want to see before I go out of the country anyway. I don't really have any desire to get sick on the water in other countries and stuff like that anyway. Interviewer: Hmm. Well I tell you what we've done enough for today. 490: Okay. Put other people in in the motel when they've got Beta club students. Interviewer: {NW} 490: They just. Most of the clubs stay at this one particular motel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah I remember the uh the first year that we went up there. Um all of the all of the students were were housed in you know one particular part of the hotel on several floors #1 or something like # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: that. But We uh just about wrecked that place. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 So when # we came back next year they separated us. #1 They scattered us # 490: #2 Oh no. # Interviewer: you know through the floors. Divide and conquer #1 I guess that's what it was. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 So # 490: #2 Oh me. # Interviewer: I guess they just caught on. 490: Mm. Doesn't take much. Interviewer: Yeah. Well there's not much tape left on this one. I guess we could just chat a little bit more before I get into something else. I wanted to ask you yesterday about the house that you were uh raised in as a child. Could you just describe it to me. You know the the layout of the different rooms. 490: Okay. Uh. When I was three years old my father and mother ha- well daddy had was had been an agricultural extension agent. And he'd been in Henderson for four or five months. And then they came back to Dresden and we lived in an apartment while their mother and daddy built the house that where they that they live in now. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Um and I was three when we moved into that house. And it was it was really a nice house. For this you know for them to be as young as they were and everything. My mother had come into quite a bit of money when she was twenty-five and had had inherited some. So they took some of her inheritance and built this house. Which was nice cuz they didn't have anything else you know #1 but they did have a nice house. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Great house. Mm-hmm. # 490: But um. Well it was it's an oblong house and they've added onto it over the years. And it has an upstairs to it, but i- it's oblong. It has a stripe across the front and obviously a front door. And it has a very large living and dining room. Sorta combination like this one is except divided a little bit here. And um you walked directly into the living room. And then that long area and then right behind that was a small kitchen. And there was a breezeway on the house, but since then well when I was in high school they closed that breezeway and my 490: Just didn't build Ben's Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: as like we do now. And uh it had a real large den and I was the only child at the time and they were hoping that that would continue to be that way for a while. You know and that because they hadn't finished the upstairs. They just the the area was there but it as far as being finished into living quarters it wasn't. And um but then five years later along came my brother. And then that's when they finished the upstairs. And they have three large bedrooms and a bath upstairs. And it has a completed enclosed garage and that they never use now for cars because it's got all of everybody's things that they didn't want. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Out there. {C: laughing} # Mother keeps saying I wish that you would come and get all this junk Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 that you # have accumulated over the years. Furniture you know things that handed down from my grandfather and my gr- and up in the um attic part #1 of the garage. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 490: The other day I was out there rummaging around looking for something and I looked up and there was an old antique oak um bedstead. Interviewer: Oh wow. 490: That had been my great-grandmother's. #1 And it was just # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 490: about to pieces. And I asked mother what was she planning on doing with it. It's a not a full sized bed yet it's not a three-quarter bed. And you can't you have to have mattresses specially Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 490: #2 made you know. # Well because it was so Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 it was handmade # by my great-grandfather for my great-grandmother before they married. Interviewer: Oh Lord. 490: And #1 I sa- # Interviewer: #2 Is there anyway # 490: #1 Well I # Interviewer: #2 you can do anything with it. # 490: there's a man here in town who does uh woodwork and he refinishes a lot of things. Plus he builds some beautiful furniture. So I said if I ever get up enough cash stashed back Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: That I would you know take it down there and let him see what he can do #1 about it. Cause # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 490: it was split in places and everything. Interviewer: That would really be nice 490: #1 Yeah it was. # Interviewer: #2 if you could. # 490: It has uh rosettes. You know carved up at the top and everything. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. Yeah. # 490: #2 It's really beautiful. # I don't care for the for oak. You can tell by looking that I'm not an oak person. But um it it's beautiful wood and it's really some nice work. And then then my grandfather and my grandmother had um a grand piano. It wasn't like that one. It's a a upright grand piano. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 490: It's real you know what I'm talking #1 about? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: It was about this big you know and mother has parts of it up there up above the uh in the attic up there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But the keyboard fell completely apart so they took it #1 and threw all that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: ivory in the gully years ago. Just kills me. {NW} But it w- it really it was really worn. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 And course it had # to be completely reworked. So that one was completely reworked too. Mother and Daddy gave that to me when I was a senior in high school. That was my graduation present for giving up my senior recital I had. Interviewer: How old is this piano? 490: Well it was in the home of the president of {D: Lambeth} College. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And {D: Lambeth} College was somewhere like eighteen thirty-five or something like that and it was the the first piano that was put in there in the eighteen seventies #1 that was # Interviewer: #2 Wow. # 490: of that style. And um Interviewer: Well that's really well 490: #1 it i- yeah # Interviewer: #2 preserved. # 490: well th- Stein- uh Steinway people Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: in uh Jackson company called {D: Jack-o's} completely took it and just reworked the whole thing. It has a whole new sound board and new keyboard. And uh the wood somebody had painted that mahogany black. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: Somewhere back down through the years you know. And they took it and completely stripped it and started all over with it so you can see the scars on it and everything down through the they couldn't sand completely out down Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 underneath the keyboard. # But um Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 I'm just real # proud of it. Um course it's a new stool and everything. It's not new. It was nineteen sixty-three, but it's new to that piano. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And um they asked me did I want a car or did I want a piano and I knew that I was going off to school and I'd eventually come up with a car cuz they wouldn't want to come after me all the time. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Clever. # 490: #2 I used # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 my head # and said I wanted the piano. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: So when we when we built this house we built the living room Interviewer: Yeah. 490: around the piano. I was going to have a bay window put right over there and put the piano in the bay window but I didn't know what I was going to do for the dining room. And I liked the arrangement of the house and um Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 490: #2 I didn't # have a place to put a dining room with that so. The bay window was gonna cost awful lot anyway so I #1 just # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: did without the bay and put the {NW} the piano over there but I don't play it much anymore. I just and once in a while I get an urge #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: But I I do enjoy it it's relaxing. Or I when I'm frustrated about something I Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 come here and pound on that piano. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # Releases my tensions a lot. Interviewer: Well that's nice. Well go ahead and tell me about this house. 490: Okay um. When Donald got back from Vietnam he went to work with insurance agents agency in Martin. And we were living in a trailer. We had bought a trailer when we married. And um lived in it when he was finishing school and when I had started teaching and everything. Then when he went to the service then I lived in the trailer and we pulled it down to Mother and Daddy's and put it up beside their house back of their house. {NW} And um so when he got back then he was um for two years I think he worked for the insurance agency. And decided that that was wasn't his bag he just wasn't real thrilled with that. So he went to work working for a book company and that's when we decided that we would build. And we drew the plans for the house ourselves. We worked on it for you know like a #1 year trying to # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: decide what we wanted and what we could afford. The first house that we planned was just a monster you know. And we had no idea no conception of building costs #1 and things like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: And he wanted a mansard roof house. Interviewer: #1 A what? # 490: #2 It's # A mansard roof. It's um I know you've seen them i- they're coming back into style really n- a lot. Um most of them are sort of square houses and then they have a separate floor that has as much room on the first floor as it does on the second floor yet it doesn't look like it's a two story house. It has a roof that slants in. #1 Like this # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 490: #1 all the way around. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: And then sort of a flat top. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And there are windows set into the roof. You know all the way around. And um that was going to cost such an enormous amount we took it to our builder and he said now um I'll tell you what it's gonna cost but I don't think you're gonna build it. And we didn't. And that's when we came up with this one. And um I just took several plans that I had seen you know in different books and everything and we just sorta compiled them. And then I took them over to um the {D: Wicker} county electric company over there. And this lady drew plans and helped you with your electric outlets and everything so as far as having to have an architect we didn't. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: I I sorta did my own dimensions. And Donald's real good at that he's Interviewer: Yeah. 490: um in fact now he's going off and on down to this Jackson State which is a community college down here and taking some engineering courses and things Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 490: #2 like that. He's # he likes that kind of thing. Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 490: #2 So he could help # with the dimensions you know. And {NW} and I could tell him wh- where I wanted things and he'd place them. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But um then we started in the fall of seventy-one building this house. {NW} And the guy that was our contractor was just a a real nice person. And if I was choosing something that was expensive he would show me something that, rather than trying to rip me off Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 you know # he would show me something that would help. I mean be a place something in place of that yet not as expensive. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And at one or two in the morning Donald and I go down there you know cause he would stay down at the lumber barn at night. He was not a unmarried in fact oh about three years ago he had a heart attack #1 and died. And # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 490: this town misses him. But um he was a young man when he died but um we'd go down there at one or two oh clock in the morning and say this is driving us crazy you've got to help us you know. And he'd be down there working on the books and stuff. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Just a a work horse. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But um they started I think they they started laying the foundation in October of seventy-one and in June of seventy-two we moved into this house. It took them almost nine months or ni- or over nine months. {NW} But you talk about frustrated and angry #1 and uptight. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: I thought I was gonna I even went down there one night just crying like everything. And I thought well maybe that'll work. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 So I went down there # boo-hooing asking when are you gonna get back on our house you know it's taken us so long we had the money borrowed you know and i- we're paying interest on Interviewer: #1 Oh boy. # 490: #2 on # money and it was beginning to get a little tight. Interviewer: What was the problem, any one 490: #1 Just they # Interviewer: #2 thing? # 490: He just that way. He'd pull off off this job. And it rained a lot that winter and it was just solid mud all #1 the way around # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: here you know. And then some things they couldn't get in to do when it was raining you know. {NW} And i- they he only had one crew of real real good carpenters. And he knew I was gonna throw a fit if something if I had somebody up here that wasn't doing what they ought to be doing. So he would pull them off of this job and put them on another. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 You know # keep a- everybody satisfied. He's Interviewer: Yeah. 490: spreading it too thin. And one time he put a guy on th- this lived in in town now that um he was had a drinking problem. And someti- he's an excellent painter and carpenter and everything but he goes on these little binges you know. {NW} And I came out here I left school one day and came out here and he was standing on a ladder right there at that entrance way and had that um molding that goes across the top of that entrance over there {NW} it was slanted at about a forty-five degree angle. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # And I said well wh- Interviewer: This won't 490: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 do. # 490: stop the music. So um I went down and told John I said I believe that you need to pull him off of that job. But see the wires sticking out right there that my husband wired the house for the sound system. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And he's # 490: never gotten around to putting the Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 490: #2 the # speakers in. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But that's one of his projects. He's got that project going and then our patio is not bricked. And we we're built into a side of a hill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And they dug out Donald got there with a bulldozer and dug out because I didn't want that end of the house sticking way up out of the ground you know. {NW} So we built the house sort of into the side of the hill here. And our patio is about it has a wall that's about five feet lower the floor of the patio is about five feet lower than the the ground level outside. And there's a brick wall built all the way around it and Don said he's gonna brick the floor of the patio this summer. That was he was gonna do that last summer and he's says he's gonna do it this summer. I don't know #1 whether he will not # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: Because he has he works long hours. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: He's would have to do it you know after about light. We would have to turn on the lights outside so he could do it. And I don't whether they would get around to doing it. {NW} But um we have three bedrooms downstairs and two baths. And then upstairs there are two bedrooms and a study area and we have a large attic that we're going to enclose and make a playroom for the boys. And put a bath up there. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Whenever Ben gets big enough to you know but he's just six months old now so It'll be a year and a half two years before I'd ready to send him upstairs by himself you Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 know. {C: exhaled} # And I don't know that Don's gonna be real thrilled about having two or three year old little old brother running around with him anyways. we're just waiting to see what we're gonna do about that. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But Donald has papered the foyer and the back hall and our bedroom. He did it last spring he's a real good hand I Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 {D: think}. he's # expensive though. Cause he takes so long. Interviewer: Well I think that's uh that's nice if you can do a lot of the work 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 yourself. # Makes it 490: He uh he's real proud of it. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 You know. # The fact that he could do what he did. An excellent job but we started in on on Saturday morning and um I was gonna help you know. Help hang up paper and everything and by noon I decided I'm gonna let you do this yourself. I couldn't do anything right. #1 I was in too big a hurry. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: You know I want. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: This kind. And he's slow. Tedious and wants everything just exactly perfect you know. But I quit. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 490: #2 I h- # I flaked out on him. I said #1 gotta go. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: I'm going get out of here before we get into a real fight on this #1 paper. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: But it looks real good. And um he he's helps me around here he's a any of the yard. He works in the yard #1 a lot. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: He set out oh I don't know how many fir trees these dwarf trees out here in the side you may have seen them when you passed by. This spring they're supposed to bear in a couple years couple three years. {NW} And we have plum trees and nectarines and peaches and apples and cherry. Gooseberries, elderberries, raspberries, #1 blackberries # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Is there anything else left? 490: We're gonna have a jungle around here. Interviewer: #1 That's nice. # 490: #2 My # father owns a oh about six hundred acre farm that my my brother's farming now. And it would had a lot of wooded areas before Joe got out the bulldozer. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And most of them crop land. But we went out and got uh dogwood trees and tag them you know in the spring. {NW} They're has a lot of d- dogwood out there and um then we brought them back in the fall you know. Don loaded them up and set them in the yard and so in our backyard we have a lot of dogwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: White dogwood and then he's bought a couple three pink dogwoods so Whenever our trees mature and get a little bit you they're all pretty short now. But uh we're gonna have a yard full of gon- I'm gonna be out there with a chainsaw. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 It's gonna look it's {C: laughing} # crowded enough as it is. Interviewer: Oh that'll be nice though. 490: Yep I'm hoping that it'll get it will be pretty but he puts fertilizer on the lawn like and course I'm the one that mows it in the summertime. And when it rains this yard needs mowing about twice a week. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Because he just keeps fertilizer poured to it. You know and spraying and then he keeps reseeding everything cause we have a pretty yard it's green and everything. But {NW} Interviewer: It's a lot of work. 490: Yeah. It is but gives me something to do. Exercise. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: Exercise-wise. Interviewer: What kind of grass is it? 490: It's uh n- Kentucky number thirty-two Kentucky fescue Interviewer: #1 Got it down. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 I've heard that too many times. # Interviewer: {NW} 490: A friend of mine up the street came down y- yesterday and she said they had redone her air conditioning unit. She had her unit had gone out {NW} and uh where they had dug up all around it they put a different size in and everything. They had dug it all up and made a loblolly out there. And she wanted she said I know y'all got grass seed. Have you got any to spare? I said I think he's put every bit of it on the yard. Cause she wanting to replant around where they had torn up so much around her air conditioning unit but I rummaged but I couldn't find any. I said he must've poured every bit of it on onto the yard cause I didn't have any. Interviewer: {NW} 490: There's fertilizer and bark and everything back there. The only thing that Donald he's really a good hand of And he likes to be nice and neat and everything. But he'll work in the yard all day long but he will not put up the equipment. Or clean up after himself. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: He wants things to look nice {NW} but I just walk on behind with the broom you know #1 or dragging # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: the hoses back and everything. Because he'd leave it just sitting out just do that Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {D: clear} # That's the way he is about his person. He's nice and neat and wants all his clothes just perfect and everything. But he'll just leave a trail of stuff Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 you know {C: laughing} # getting himself neat. Interviewer: #1 That sounds familiar. # 490: #2 {NW} # Yeah I guess all women have that complaint. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # About their husbands. Interviewer: Yep. Well you mentioned the living room in well do you consider the living room a uh the best room in the house 490: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 where you would entertain # company or or 490: Oh you mean for yeah uh now we don't use this back the dining room. We've never eat-eaten off of it. {NW} The living room I've only let's see. When we have several couples in like when there's a ba- baseball game I mean a football game or something on that most of the women are not interested in then we come in here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But as and far as having cocktail parties and things like that when I have a big party then we use the living room. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Um or like you know when you're here and somebody's else is in the back you know that's when I use the living room. Or when I'm playing the piano and that's about it. But it's the best room in the house but it's never used. Interviewer: {NW} 490: And a lot of our friends now that are building homes are not building living rooms into their h-houses. They're having what they call a grate room. Interviewer: Mm. 490: You know it's just one big room in the house and th- they use that for all family living. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 Sometimes they have a # recreation room you know s-separate from that. {NW} But uh they don't not building living rooms much anymore. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: But we use our den for everything because it's large and it's got enough room so the kids can watch television in one area of it you know #1 we can still sit # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: back and have a conversation over on the sofas. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a living room called by any other name? 490: Well I used to call it a parlor. Interviewer: Parlor. 490: That's uh Interviewer: Would you say that's an old fashion 490: Yeah that is {D: you don't} {NS} We have a some friends who bought a real old home here in Dresden. And they're redoing it and the process that {X} for about three years they're living there but they're redoing it. And she has uh what the well used to be the parlor. You walk in the foyer of the house Interviewer: Mm. 490: And there's uh the dining room on one side and what used to be the parlor but the people who lived there before them the elderly people called the parlor Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: but they're used she calls it the living room now. Interviewer: Mm. 490: But it's originally was a parlor. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But um parlor and and living room I guess about the only I don't like that word. Parlor. Interviewer: Parlor. #1 Why? # 490: #2 It's a really # Well it's uh you keep saying it. It's really distra- it's one of those words you know you keep saying it it sounds so funny. Interviewer: #1 Well you can do that to about anything. # 490: #2 You say it over and over again. Yeah # but parlor just really turns me off. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {D: For some} reason {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 Okay fair enough. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now what about sitting room? Have you ever heard it called #1 that? # 490: #2 Yeah. # I have. Interviewer: Mm. 490: But that's an old term too. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever been in a house with a fireplace? 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I'm gonna ask you a few a things about the fireplace. 490: I've got one right back there in the den. Interviewer: #1 Ah-ha. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Do you use it? 490: Uh-huh. Every winter. It's uh a chore. And but it we really enjoy it. In fact from about oh Thanksgiving on until the first of March we use it. Interviewer: {NW} 490: Uh I don't think that it helps conserve energy at all because well mother and daddy had given us a glass fire screen for our it was our past Christmas present. We hadn't gone and picked it up yet because I hadn't found the one that I wanted #1 yet. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: But uh they are very helpful you know closing the glass up and everything when you're not using the fireplace. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But right now like when when the fire dies down at night then all your warm air is sucked right up the chimney. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 490: #2 {D: and out}. # So I'm hoping that the fireplace fire screen will help a lot. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: But you were talking about fireplaces. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 It was interesting. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do you call the open area in front of the fireplace? It's kind of an open space. Right in front of it. 490: #1 The hearth? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # The hearth? Mm-hmm. 490: That's what I uh when we were built the fire from when we were in the process of building the house I couldn't decide whether I wanted a raised hearth or whether I wanted the hearth that's you know even with the floor. And I decided that I wanted the one that was flat and even with the floor. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 Our hearth # is not raised. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And I wanted chairs that went up right next to the fireplace. And I thought that bricked fire you know a raised hearth and everything would be a little besides I wanted my den a little bit more formal you know Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 than a raised hearth is. # Usually r- raised hearth they real very casual you know and I have the mantle that is it's an old mantle that we found in an old house. And they refinished it for me. And um there's paneling all the way down to the mantle and then our mantle is dark. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 And # it's more formal than you know than I thought that a raised hearth would call for. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And I put the wingback chairs you know on either side of the hearth. Interviewer: Now what is a wingback chair? 490: Wingback chair is what you're sitting in. Interviewer: Oh I see. 490: Uh-huh. There's all different kinds of that's a Queen Anne wingback but um some of them are wider than that. The ones that are in the den are not as tall as that one. But they're they're wide the backs of them are wider. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Some of them are squatty and wide you know. And others real tall. Mother has a real tall wingback that's not comfortable at all. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And um it was my grandmother's but usually use them f- some of them called fireside chairs and then there's wingbacks and I I don't know I'm not up on furniture styles really enough to know but that's my favorite right there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: One of these days I'm gonna have two blue chairs here on either side that's a hunt board. And on either side of my hunt board And then I'm gonna re-cover my dining chairs in a rust and gold and blue stripe. And then make me a {NW} a piano bench. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 490: That will match it. And I do some cruel work you know but Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 needlework and everything. And I # going to my sister-in-law is a artist. She can draw just about anything {X} and I'm gonna get her to design the fabric and then I'm gonna do the cruel work for the piano stool. One of these days. Interviewer: Mm. What kind of chairs would you call those? 490: Uh they are the chairs that go with the dining suit. They're the I don't whether they're call master's chairs or captain's chairs. Each company you know calls them #1 something different. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: But they're just the the two armchairs that go with the dining suit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And those chairs over there without arms? 490: Uh-huh. They go I have eight chairs that go. My table e- extends to seat eight. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: And I don't know if that'll ever room right there to do it but uh. Donald says he doesn't understand what we had to have a table for if he I'm not gonna let him eat off of it. Interviewer: {NW} 490: And I said I'm not gonna let anybody eat off of it until I get a pad to go on it because I don't want it scarred up you know. Besides I'm just not into real formal things you know. Serving stuff like that. One of these days I may do that. But until my children get a little bit bigger I'm not letting them eat on this gold #1 carpet. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: {NW} And I'm gonna put um oriental rug here in the center of the floor and one out there in the foyer. One of these days. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 There's all kinds # of projects that I've got in the back of my mind. That I like to you know work on year by year. Interviewer: Well that's good {D: then}. 490: But when we first well we lived in the house for three years and there wasn't anything in this room except my piano. We just add a little bit at a time. I d- I it's course there there's dual reasons for that but one reason we don't have the money to furnish that all at once and besides I wouldn't want to do it all at one #1 time I don't think. # Interviewer: #2 No. # 490: It's more fun to have something new #1 you know every once # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: in a awhile. I just got this picture oh two couple three months ago. And until then there wasn't anything on the wall. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 And I just # add a little bit as we #1 go along. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 490: That's more fun that way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Bragging about I got something new. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's right. 490: It's really an unusual thing. My sister made the picture here. My sister-in-law. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: She's um doing some ceramic work. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 490: And um she made the picture for me and she's in the process of making the big bowl Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. 490: that goes with it. And um I'm real proud of that she she does an excellent job. Interviewer: Now she's not um patterning it after the old fashion place you know where men wash their #1 face # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 Oh is that right. # 490: #2 Uh-huh. Like a # I what do they call that wash bowl or something? Interviewer: #1 I'm just not sure. # 490: #2 Wash picture. # Anyway. That it has the bowl that goes with it and it's real big. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And whenever I get my blue chairs over there I think that'll be real pretty. Interviewer: Yeah it will be nice. 490: Okay. I had the kids pictures made and I didn't have any place to put it in the den. I didn't have a pic- a picture frame for it yet so I just brought it in here and stuck it on the hunt board. Interviewer: Mm. 490: But I've got lots of things that I want I want to do but I I got lots of time to do it so. Interviewer: Yes. 490: It's taking my time we're invested in a pontoon boat this spring instead of furniture though. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 We're # Interviewer: Donald said he was gonna get something for himself. 490: #1 So we invested # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: in a pontoon boat. And we're going up this weekend and {NW} stay up there {NW} with it it's real nice. You can put the Interviewer: Where do you take it? 490: To Kentucky Lake. You know where that is? That's Tennessee River you know bisects Tennessee you know around here like this and uh there are the Cumberland River joins the Tennessee River and then you can get to the Mississippi River. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Off this but uh the Ohio and the Cumberland and the Tennessee are all in and Mississippi are all in this area you know. We have a lot of water recreation areas. And um the T-V-A when they built Kentucky Dam then created Kentucky Lake. And most everybody in this area goes there. Course we have Reelfoot Lake. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm yeah mm. # 490: #2 You know down around {D: Tensionville} # But as far as u- you know boating and things like that that's just cause there's cypress stumps all Interviewer: #1 Yeah I know what you mean. # 490: #2 through that thing. # Interviewer: I was {D: out in} that thing {D: where} we ran over several 490: Yeah. Interviewer: in a rowboat. 490: But uh it's good fishing area but we're not into fishing much. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: So we take gonna put the boat in in Kentucky Lake. We just bought it last Thursday and we only got about a couple hours on it last weekend because Donald's in the National Guard Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: and he had to go on overnight guard trip #1 last weekend so. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: It put a damper on our #1 boating trip # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: But we're just you know real excited about going this weekend. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But um it can seat fifteen and it can pull four skiers. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: So course we don't have any skies yet but we're gonna work on that project #1 too. Cause I # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 490: really like to ski. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: And um Interviewer: Do you know how to? 490: Mm-hmm. I learned oh when I was about ten years old and my parents never owned a boat but my aunt and uncle did and then we had lots of friends you know that lot of people around here Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 own boats # because it we're so close it's just about forty-five miles Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 to Kentucky Lake. # And it's a real nice area up there they have a lot of resort areas. Plus the state has a a hotel there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And a park. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 {D: Paris Landing} # State Park is there. And um there's lot of resort areas where you can dock your boats. And we went up Memorial Day Weekend not Memorial Day but the Sunday before Memorial Day and you couldn't stir them with a stick. You couldn't ski because there were so many boats that they would kept they kept the water so stirred up Interviewer: Mm. 490: that it was really difficult and that's a big place. Course we don't we don't ski in the main channel Tennessee River because it's it's really rough all the time. The big barges come down through and everything but there's {NW} {D: solid} Blood River and Cypress Cove and just lot of little areas off of it. And a lot of our friends here have campings up Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 there. # And i- this one friend in particular when we go up sometimes on the weekend you know and stay with them. So now we have something to contribute. Interviewer: Right. 490: He's an orthodontist here in in town and he had um he has a pontoon boat and a two speed boats and a huge sailboat Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 that you can sleep on # overnight. Interviewer: #1 Wow. # 490: #2 And he # has four children. #1 And um # Interviewer: #2 Must be {D: great} # 490: he's uh he's a good friend now. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # We call that his friendship. No I'm just kidding. We've been buddies long. And uh they have a nice cabin and we go up and stay sometimes overnight you know with them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: I love to sail too. Have you ever sailed? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Oh that's fantastic. Interviewer: #1 Yeah a friend of mine and # 490: #2 I was really lucky. # Interviewer: I went up to Lake Martin years ago his uh his family had a cabin up there. And um got out that sailboat and it's first time I'd been in one and you know where you have to 490: #1 Oh I know. # Interviewer: #2 lean on those things. # And you just your head's skimming across the 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 top of the water like that. # 490: But it's great. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: They have a little uh {D: cabin around have two cabin rands} and whenever there's my cousin and his wife own one of the cabin {D: rands} and then this other couple on the other one. And they race sometimes. They get up a good wind comes up you know and that's they're gonna kill themselves #1 {D: right here} because they're # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: they're really reckless. Trying to beat each other you know. And I was gonna ride with Joe the one the orthodontist. And he I didn't know what I was supposed to do but from one of those things to the other you know you have to prac- crawl from #1 {D: one to other was} like little cats. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. Mm-hmm. # 490: And that thing s-swing around that sail swing around he'd say duck gas it and I was just in constant work the whole time. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 I thought # oh I gotta get off this thing. Interviewer: #1 {D: That is supposed to be fun} # 490: #2 but the other sailboat that they have is # was you can sleep eight on it. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 so it's a big # boat and that you just lie there on the top and go to sleep on the top of that deck you know it's it's really great I enjoy it a lot. I hope that my children enjoy the water already Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 When Don was # three he could swim. Interviewer: Hmm. 490: And I was {D: Don} patiently Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 taught him # to swim. But I was not I mean he I wouldn't trust him off by himself of course you know and we were on a speedboat and another speedboat these friends of ours pulled up beside us and said Don you wanna ride with us? Without a life jacket or anything he jumped off into the water right out in the middle of the Tennessee River. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And started swimming over to that other boat. I was petrified. He made it. Course we were all going one guy jumped in the water you know making sure that he did but he's not not afraid of the devil. Interviewer: #1 Yeah I guess # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 not. # 490: #2 And he's # Woo that scared me so badly cause I thought mm that he didn't even think about it. You know just #1 and he was # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: about three and a half years old. But that was our first experience. Last year in Florida we were in out on the beach in front of the house that we were renting and we saw two two or three sand sharks. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 Not oh # hundred feet from shore. And um I couldn't get him out of the water. He's staying hey mama look, look at the sharks. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 And I said come on # Interviewer: #1 {D: come up here} {C: laughing} # 490: #2 {D: get here oh} {C: laughing} # But uh they had a lot trouble Interviewer: Mm. 490: middle of the summer last year down there with the sharks #1 attacking some people. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 490: #1 They're sand sharks. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: They're small sharks but they're still dangerous. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But it we're not going back down there this summer. We're staying up here and and getting trying to get our our money's worth out of that boat. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: But um I I got so you know I was a little bit afraid I guess I didn't see Jaws but I read the book. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {D: so I was scared} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: Yeah. I I missed out on Jaws. 490: Well I didn't either I didn't waste my time I read the book #1 and it's a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: bunch of malarkey. Interviewer: {NW} 490: They have another one now out with Robert Interviewer: #1 Jaws two # 490: #2 Shaw The Deep. # Interviewer: #1 The Deep oh yeah. # 490: #2 Well yeah The Deep. # But uh it's supposed to be even more lifelike Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 than Jaws # where they use real sharks instead of that apparatus that they had built {NW} to look like a shark. Interviewer: no. Just more sensational #1 I guess. # 490: #2 Oh I know it. # These movies that they've got out now. Earthquake and fire Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 and # blood. I don't think that's a but #1 all it does is scare everybody to death. # Interviewer: #2 That's a lot of {X} Yeah. # 490: And they'll sit there and watch that stuff. Interviewer: Mm. I made the mistake of going to see just for a lark uh what's the name of that thing. Uh Midway or something like that. It was done in they call it {D: sense surround} 490: Yeah I saw that advertised on television. Interviewer: Oh well. {NW} If it ever if it ever comes back don't go see it. Don't go {D: where} see anything that advertises as {D: sense surround} because I walked in and there were these enormous banks of speakers on both sides of the auditorium inside the theater and down on the stage so w- banks of of speakers I mean big things you know like the size of this size of this uh this wall. And uh well they would have uh a sequence on film of of uh airplanes taking off of an aircraft carrier and those speakers get cranked up and it was like you were standing next to one of those next to one of those planes you know. You didn't hear the sound so much as you felt it. And I was 490: Ooh that'd drive me #1 crazy. I would # Interviewer: #2 I know. # 490: get up and leave. Interviewer: And course there were there were bombing scenes. 490: Yeah. Interviewer: I think I actually felt like someone dropped a bomb on top of you. Just like that. I mean it just make you shake. It's uh one of 490: #1 I think my imagination # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: is vivid enough Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 without having to # Interviewer: {NW} 490: beat my head up against a wall Interviewer: Don't need to open 490: #1 I remember when used to have # Interviewer: #2 {D: to do that} # 490: three-D movies. Interviewer: #1 I don't think I # 490: #2 I don't know well you're not old enough # to have seen a three D movie. {NW} We used to go down to the big uptown theater down downtown it's closed up now it's a Masonic hall now Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 but # That uh that used to be the thing on Saturday afternoon you know or Thursday nights it on during #1 summertime. Course I # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: I was never allowed out of the house during the week you know because I was supposed to be studying and everything but get those three-D glasses on and everything and go watch my and then the first time that I ever saw anything in a I don't know what they called it then it was the same thing sensor it do same thing as Sensurround but it wasn't didn't have the sound and #1 everything around # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: the screen you know what I'm talking about. I Interviewer: #1 {X} Yeah yeah. # 490: #2 something like a cinema or something like that. # And I I saw several movies like that um how the west was won I saw in whatever cinema whatever it was called in Memphis. And that it really is lifelike a stage coach went off of a cliff or something Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: #1 And you just felt like you know you're going off with it you know. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: A rollercoaster's going Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 490: #2 {D: over them} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 You know you feel like # oh they're really strange sensations. Interviewer: They have some strange gimmicks with movies. One time they had something called {D: Smellavision} And you {C: laughing} They actually 490: #1 Oh yuck. # Interviewer: #2 they thought {D: it was going to be} # giving off various scents you know. It was supposed to be coordinated with what was going on 490: ooh Interviewer: on the screen. It was strange. {C: laughing} 490: I guess so. Interviewer: Always wondered if there would be an appropriate thing movie about a stockyard or something 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 gross # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: Oh me. Interviewer: Well I'll get back to the fireplace for a minute. 490: Mm-kay. Interviewer: What do you call those uh those bigs chunks of wood that you burn in the fireplace? 490: Logs? Interviewer: Just logs. 490: Mm-hmm. Uh since Daddy has a farm we have not had to buy any firewood yet. Interviewer: Mm. 490: A quart of wood and around here cost about forty dollars. Interviewer: Is that right. 490: A quart of wood in Memphis is about a hundred and twenty-five dollars. And um forty dollars when Donald can get out with a chainsaw #1 at the farm you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: and cut down white oak trees. You don't cut down any other kind of tree if you got white oak white oak cause white oak burns better Interviewer: Hmm. 490: Than any other kind of wood in a fireplace it doesn't pop #1 you know and last # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: a long time and um so he would every winter. But he waits until it gets so blame cold you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: to go out there I told him I don't know why he didn't cause you have to let the wood cure a little bit you know before it'll burn good cause you put all green logs in there and it's it's a good fire after it gets going. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 {D: you know} # But it takes a long time for it to get rolling. Interviewer: Mm. 490: {NW} But um. We d- have everything big area out there on the patio you just. But we can go through it like crazy. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 I mean. # But that is the nicest thing Interviewer: #1 yeah. # 490: #2 on a cold winter's night # get up there in front of the fire now I gave us a I uh popcorn popper for part of our Christmas present. And um that's fun the kids like to do Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 that you know. # Put popcorn hold it over that Interviewer: #1 Oh really. # 490: #2 sticks {D: up} # Gets hot #1 you know your hands # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: get hot but There's all kind of but it's messy too. That and Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 marshmallows in the fireplace {C: laughing} # Don did that last winter and that was messy had marshmallows all over the hearth and everything Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 it's {X} # But it's fun. Interviewer: Well what about the wood that you use to start the fire you know the kind that 490: #1 Kindling. # Interviewer: #2 burns. # Kindling. 490: Uh-huh. And um where we got our kindling from this uh elderly colored man down at the plant has a junkyard that he just started off down the plant is down sort of a wooded #1 area. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: And across a lake and um there lot of people bring stuff and fill in you know off the highway there. It's not it's not a dump but it's it's a dump but it's not garbage and things like that. It's industrial waste. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: That uh like at a kindling I mean in a saw mill. Then they bring a lot of the sawdust and stuff and fill it in cause the city's trying to fill in part of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And um this colored man had um told one of the companies down there to bring all this wood and everything and dump in there and it's the best kindling you ever #1 saw. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: So Donald will stop up there and ask him for a whole truckload of that about oh about once a winter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: So we use that for kindling and that's just the greatest thing. First winter that uh we lived here they didn't clean out the attic good. You know they had a lot of boards and stuff like that. So we just left it piled it up in there and we burned stuff out of the attic. Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 490: #2 {D: For} started # kindling stuff you know. {NW} And these friends of ours that are remodeling this old house uh they were tearing down the staircase and everything and they were living in the house but they built a new fireplace in there and so Wayne just went up there and tore down the staircase a little bit at a time. He used it he used it for kindling I said if that's not white trash living I Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {X} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 He's gonna break up the furniture and everything. # Feeding the fire to keep yourself warm. Interviewer: Oh that's funny. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Good mm} # 490: But he got his staircase torn down. Interviewer: #1 {D: Oh yeah} Very very economical. # 490: #2 And he didn't have to cart it off either. Burned it up in the fireplace. # Interviewer: #1 Very practical. {C: laughing} # 490: #2 That's right that's right. {C: laughing} # They have a really a fine home now. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Redone it looks ooh it's beautiful. Interviewer: Well what do you these things that you lay the logs across inside of the fireplace. 490: andirons Interviewer: andirons. Ever heard those called any other anything else? 490: Uh. Something dogs. Interviewer: #1 Dogs. # 490: #2 Dog irons. # Interviewer: Dog irons? 490: Dog irons I think is what I I remember my grandparents calling them dog irons I believe #1 is what they called them. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # Mm. I meant to ask you a second ago about kindling. Have you ever heard that called uh by any other name? Just kindling. 490: I don't think so. Just kindling is all I ever Interviewer: What about light wood? 490: No I've never heard that term. Interviewer: People in my part of the country call it that. 490: #1 Light wood. # Interviewer: #2 Light wood or or {D: lightered} # 490: #1 Lightered. # Interviewer: #2 Kind of contracted. # You know. 490: Oh I see. I never heard that before. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: That's interesting. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 I think I'd like to # do what you're doing. Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Well # for the most part uh uh things are pretty much the same in this part of Tennessee and South Alabama with just a few exceptions. That's one um another one that I {D: will} get into now you know this this animal with the hard shell that can {D: throw} his head in. Kinda like the 490: Turtles or terrapins. Interviewer: {D: What} what's the difference. 490: Um terrapin's shell is shaped differently. Um I heard my son explain this to my father the other day. Daddy said that he had found a turtle out on the patio at their house. And Donald went out there and he said Pop that's not terr- turtle that's a terrapin. {NW} And Daddy said well how can you tell the difference and this this is an eight year old's explanation so I don't know whether it's true or not but he said that a turtle shell is rounder. Is more round. And a terrapin has sort of um sharp corners. Interviewer: Mm. Yeah. 490: Comes out you know like like that like a mm {X} what I'm thinking of is a wave #1 Way a wave does you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm {D: yeah I know what you} # 490: And uh the coloring is different on the back too. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And that's what he said. Interviewer: Well does it make any difference as to where they live like one stays around the water 490: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 {D: one's} # 490: think a terrapin is more of a land #1 animal. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 490: And uh we used to where mother and Daddy live there's a big they live up on a high hill and a lot of trees and everything. And there's a creek that runs down the one side. {NW} And there were always a lot of terrapins and things that came up i- #1 on # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 490: live around in our backyard and everything. And they course they'd go in they're mean as a snake they'll bite you #1 if you're not careful # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: and we used to act real low and take matches you know um thinking and he'll come out of his shell if you hold a match underneath him. Interviewer: {NW} 490: That was ugly. But Interviewer: #1 {X} you know. # 490: #2 We used to do it. # We did it all the time. {NW} Interviewer: So have you ever heard a terrapin called anything else. 490: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 Besides that. # 490: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Well that was what I was getting around to. A lot of well older people in South Alabama {D: would} call a terrapin a gopher. 490: A gopher. Interviewer: A gopher. Course most people up here a- #1 associate it with some kind of rodent # 490: #2 Gopher {X} # Interviewer: #1 or something like that. # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: But the terrapin is a gopher 490: #1 Oh I didn't know that. # Interviewer: #2 to a lot of people in South Alabama. # Yeah. Strange. 490: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Let me ask another fireplace question. {NW} The uh the stuff that forms on the sides inside the fireplace that black stuff what do you call that? 490: Soot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when the wood burns down there's nothing left but the 490: Ashes. Interviewer: What color are those usually? 490: Gray. Interviewer: Gray. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And say the top of a house that the smoke comes out of. 490: Chimney. Interviewer: What about the the tall thing that you might see at a factory. #1 That the smoke c- # 490: #2 Smokestack. # Interviewer: You call that a smokestack. And the thing that you're sitting on. 490: Uh I used to call it a couch all the time I think I call the den couches couches Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: For some reason I call the living room one a sofa. Interviewer: Sofa. 490: It may be that this is more formal #1 or something. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: #1 But usually # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: Well now I have a the long couch back there and then I have a loveseat so when I when I call them in conjunction with each other if I say I say sofa and loveseat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But when I'm just saying Don get yourself up off of that couch Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 with those dirty # pants on. #1 You know. It's couch. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: I don't say sofa when I'm just coming up for some reason #1 I'm not # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: I wondered about why I do that. But this is always sofa. Interviewer: Yeah. Mm. And have you ever heard uh a sofa called 490: #1 {D: Yeah.} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: What you mentioned a while ago the Davenport I've hear- I've r- read that mostly in Victorian novels and stuff like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But as far as my calling it th- Davenport I #1 never have. # Interviewer: #2 Never. # Well what about uh some things that you would typically have in a bedroom. 490: Okay. Um course there's the bed {NS} and chest of drawers and the dresser and there's an armoire that I'm looking at Bride's Furniture {D: the Duker} that I want so badly. Interviewer: Now what is it? 490: An armoire. It's a very large it's a French piece of furniture. It's very large and reaches to the ceiling and it has two large doors that open up and then has drawers on one side and there's a place to put uh knick knacks and stuff like that. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 It's # the French used to use it you know for their closet. That's all they had for the- did- they didn't build closets #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: in houses. {NW} But it is beautiful and I would like it I'd like to get rid of the chest that I have in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: and put the armoire but our bedroom's really not large enough for it. But I always wanted one in place of the chest and then there's also a lingerie chest that goes with my bedroom set that I'd like to have but I don't have any room for it. And then I have two end tables. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: All we only have the one but I have the other one ordered. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {D: you know.} # I been waiting three or four months for it. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: Well is there anything that equivalent to this armoire. That you were talking about uh. 490: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 We used to see them when before people had the the built in closets. You could move it out if you had to but it was # 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 built exclusively # for hanging clothes. 490: Yeah um. Oh my grandmother had one of them and I can't remember what she called it. Uh Chifforobe. Interviewer: Is that what it is? 490: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 That chifforobe that's # 490: #2 I- # Interviewer: exclusively for hanging 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {D: clothes} # 490: And it well it has uh hers had um a mirror. It was a long mirror on one side of it and it had the other part had hangers. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 {D: Or} maybe a rod # to hang clothes on. So when you opened it up you know you put your clothes on then the mirror was built into it on one side and then down in the middle there was some little bitty drawers down there like for jewelry and #1 things like that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 {D: Would you ever} # 490: #2 And she called it # Chifforobe. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard of anything called a wardrobe. 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What is that? 490: That's the same thing. Interviewer: #1 Same thing as a chifforobe # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a chiffonier? 490: No. Interviewer: Never heard of that. 490: That sounds like a French term too. Interviewer: Yeah. Well what about uh the things that you have over your windows to keep out the light. 490: Draperies. Interviewer: #1 The draperies. # 490: #2 Okay. # I own drapes or draperies. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: If I'm talking about the kitchen I call them curtains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: The kitchen curtains and the living room drapes. {NW} Interviewer: They're basically the same thing. 490: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What about these things that are on rollers. Some people have you know you can pull them down. # 490: #2 Shades. # Interviewer: Those would be #1 the shades. # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: And these things that are uh slanted you can adjust. 490: Venetian blinds. Interviewer: You mentioned uh you were talking about the kitchen a minute ago. Have you ever seen any old houses uh that have the kitchen that's a as a separate part that's away from the house. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that called anything 490: #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 in particular? # 490: Just the kitchen I guess and usually had a breezeway in between. Um I'm an old house addict and any time we go any place you know and it's got a a house that's open to tourists you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: I worry him to death till he'll stop. Interviewer: {NW} 490: And uh cour- we have the hermitage in in Nashville which is probably I guess the best known house in in Tennessee as far as an old and it it has its kitchen separate from that. There's huge fireplaces and everything with kettles and stuff hanging from it. Like to do go and see things like that. Interviewer: Any idea why the kitchen #1 would be kept separate? # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # Because they didn't have air conditioning #1 like we have now and the # Interviewer: #2 {D: Oh right} # 490: s- smell of the cooking was offensive to ladies' and gentlemen's noses. Interviewer: Oh I see. 490: And so then and the heat and everything so they #1 keep the heat and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: everything away from the house. Interviewer: Well what about uh maybe a little room just off the kitchen where you might keep uh extra dishes or canned goods 490: #1 {D: Okay} a pantry. # Interviewer: #2 something like that. # #1 {X} # 490: #2 That's what I call that. # Interviewer: Ever heard that called differently? 490: Um. No. Don't think so. Interviewer: Maybe a kitchen closet or 490: Yeah. Interviewer: something like that. 490: Mostly pantry is wh- Interviewer: #1 Mostly pantry. # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: You mentioned junk a minute ago. Have you ever known anybody who had a separate room in their house where they put all their junk. 490: My mother-in-law. Interviewer: What she call that room? 490: Her junk #1 room. # Interviewer: #2 Her junk room. # {NW} 490: And boy can she accumulate it. {NW} Lots of it. About once every year she'll get in there and start straightening up. I used to have one upstairs our first bedroom. We didn't have a bed or anything so when before I got organized in the house enough to know where I wanted things and and got my attic straightened up and everything I've had a a junk room upstairs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And I got junk drawers right now in the kitchen. Interviewer: Junk drawer. 490: One junk drawer. It keeps hammers and nails and you know anything that I need to screwdrivers and stuff. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 My junk drawer. # Looks pretty junky Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 most of the time. # Interviewer: Yeah. Sometimes in the morning when you get up you might go around the house and oh I don't know straighten up something here or something like w- what do you say you're doing when you 490: #1 Picking up. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Just picking up 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 things. # Mm-hmm. 490: I got if I say my house is um it's not dirty but it needs picking up. Interviewer: Needs picking up. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about when you have a lot of dirty clothes and you gotta get 'em clean do you so you have to do your 490: Laundry. Interviewer: Your laundry. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Anything else 490: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 {D: that that?} # 490: I gotta wash clothes. Interviewer: Wash clothes. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what about um things that you have to step up to get from the yard up to uh the front. 490: Front steps. Interviewer: Front steps. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if they're inside the house like going up the one floor to another you call those uh 490: #1 Staircase. # Interviewer: #2 Say you're going up the # the staircase. 490: Uh-huh. Or the stairs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {D: Got} an area in front of the house uh you know where you'd have might have chairs or it might be screened in #1 uh. # 490: #2 Okay. # Um if it's screened in I usually call it a sun porch and if it's just open it's just a front porch. Interviewer: #1 Just a front porch. Have you ever heard that? # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Uh-huh. Um in older houses especially in the South call it the gallery I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And then uh around the turn of the century I think they called it a veranda. Interviewer: Mm. 490: But uh and of course that was that was uh an old Southern term too I think. Veranda. That's what Scarlet said you know. Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 She's you know it's {D: called} # Interviewer: #2 Scarlet with the veranda. # You ever you ever call it piazza? 490: Huh-uh and that's that's a um Italian term I #1 think. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 490: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 With a # Southern #1 pronunciation # 490: #2 Yeah. Right. # That's right. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Have you ever seen a a porch that extended around the sides 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 of the house. # 490: My mother was born in a house like that. In fact the porch went all around and her they called it the veranda. Interviewer: They called it 490: Went all the way around to the back part of the house in fact um till about halfway on either side of the back part. It was that way and then it dipped in inside #1 and they had a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: where mother did the washing and #1 stuff like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Well what about something like a porch that might be on another story. You ever see anything #1 like that. # 490: #2 Uh balcony # is what I'd #1 call it. # Interviewer: #2 Just a balcony. # 490: Yeah. Second story balcony or something like that. Interviewer: {D: Going to} ask you a oh I meant to you ask you about uh when you were talking about cleaning up this thing uh that you use to sweep with. 490: Broom. Interviewer: Just a broom. 490: I don't use that much. {NW} Interviewer: #1 A vacuum cleaner? # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 A vacuum cleaner. # Interviewer: Have you ever seen a broom that uh oh that didn't have a a wooden handle but it was all straw or something like straw? {D: I don't know if} {X} 490: A handmaid type deal? Interviewer: Mm. 490: Yeah um they still you know you still buy them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: If you want more so for decorating purposes and things like that Ozarks there was a man at those art film festival {X} that wasn't at the film festival but at the fall festival that we went to. Interviewer: Mm. 490: There were man was making brooms like that and he could whip one up in about fifteen minutes. Interviewer: So they were still called brooms 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 though. # 490: As far as and the little ones were whisk brooms. Interviewer: Yeah. {D: Imma} ask you about this expression let's say the the broom were in a corner and the door was open so that you couldn't see it and I was looking for the broom you'd say well the broom's 490: Behind the door. Interviewer: And if I if I came in and let the door open and you didn't want to say that what do you tell me to 490: Close the door. Interviewer: Close the door. 490: #1 Shut it right now. # Interviewer: #2 Anything else. Shut the door. # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {D: You know} on some frame houses the uh on the outside the uh the uh sides overlap each other kind of like that. 490: Uh-huh clapboard. Interviewer: Clapboard. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that is there another term for that #1 that you heard. # 490: #2 Um. # I don't think so. Interviewer: Web boards maybe 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You ever heard it called that? # 490: {D: ruther board} yeah. But clapboard mostly. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you this uh the word when you get in the car you say you got to. What are you saying you're doing? 490: Drive? Interviewer: Drive a car. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And the past form of that word. Yesterday I 490: Drove. Interviewer: And you have 490: Driven. Interviewer: Uh this this thing that uh well the entire covering on a house let's call it 490: Roof. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And some houses have different uh different slopes 490: #1 Pitches. # Interviewer: #2 of roof. # 490: Different pitch #1 roof. # Interviewer: #2 Different pitch yeah. # And what about uh the area or the place where the two slopes come together like that have you ever heard of that? 490: That's not an eave is it? Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 490: #2 An eave is at the corner. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah I think that's right. # 490: #2 Let's see that's um # Interviewer: Just where the two slopes meet. Place where you might have to 490: #1 An ell # Interviewer: #2 Something. # 490: Is that the ell? Interviewer: An ell? 490: I don't E-L-L I don't know whether that's it or not. Interviewer: You ever heard that called a valley? 490: uh-uh. Interviewer: The valley {D: roof} mm. 490: I don't think so. Interviewer: Well what about these things on the edge of the roof that carry off the water 490: #1 The gutters. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # The gutters. 490: Yeah. Interviewer: Are those usually built in or suspended or what? 490: Um they're just attached to the to the eave of the roof on this house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Right underneath where the roof comes and the gutter is right there. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever seen a maybe on a farm or or elsewhere a little building might have it out back for keeping firewood or tools 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 or something like that. # What would that be called? 490: Well uh granddaddy had a tool shed. He also had a smokehouse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And um. I think now Donald talks about building a workshop. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 You know # something outside the house. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 But there're # building regulations and he can't do it anyway can't put an out building out Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 out there. {C: laughing} # Anyway but mostly tool shed. Interviewer: Tool shed. 490: Yeah. Interviewer: What about the days before uh indoor plumbing you had an outdoor {C: metal rattling} #1 toilet somewhere # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 What would that # 490: #2 Outhouse. # Interviewer: {NS} Outhouse 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything besides outhouse. 490: Yeah but not not nice terms. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} talking about. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about privy? 490: Mm-hmm yeah. That Interviewer: Pretty common. 490: but not in this area much the most of us call them outhouse. Interviewer: Just outhouse. {X} Talking about uh w- did you say your father he had done some farming. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What {D: were have} some typical uh buildings that you'd find on a farm. 490: Okay. Barn Chicken house. We used to have a chicken house. Um the farrowing house for the pigs. Interviewer: The what kinda? 490: Farrowing house. Interviewer: Fairing. 490: I don't know how you spell that I've always wondered but that's where you put the baby pigs with their with the sows and #1 everything # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 490: And when they're having them and with the heat and everything and Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 490: #2 you know to # keep them Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 from being exposed # to the weather and everything Farrowing maybe farrowing house Interviewer: #1 That sounds {D: right to me} # 490: #2 F-A-R # Interviewer: #1 Haven't heard that before. # 490: #2 {D: Farin} house. # That's an old pig term. Interviewer: An old 490: #1 Old pig term. # Interviewer: #2 Old {D: pig} # 490: {NW} Um. This guy that lives out across from Mother and Daddy had a fine farrowing house. And it had air conditioning and everything in it. And he had about twenty thousand dollars worth of pigs in it and it burned. Interviewer: Mm. 490: And he had just built it and it had not he hadn't insured it. Interviewer: Oh boy. 490: And he lost his hope and the house and then twenty thousand dollars worth of pigs. Smelled good out #1 there for a while. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 Like roast pig {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Barbecue {C: laughing} # 490: #1 That's right {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 490: It's sad. Interviewer: Well what about a a place uh that would be used exclusively for storing grain maybe corn or something like that. 490: Okay um silo. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Is what Joe calls them um else there's a separate thing he calls a granary and I don't know what the difference is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: granary and the silo. I don't know. Interviewer: {D: Well} have you heard of a uh place where you might keep corn exclusively? Any names for that? 490: Corn. Corn crib. Interviewer: Corn crib. 490: Yeah. We always got mice. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Can always count on mice # to run in corn crib. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: Mm. Interviewer: Well what about the upper part of a barn. What do you 490: Loft. #1 A loft. # Interviewer: #2 or # Mm-hmm. And before the hay is baled sometimes it's uh piled up you know #1 in a field. # 490: #2 Haystack. # Interviewer: Now w- what's the shape of those just in general. 490: Conical. Interviewer: #1 Conical. # 490: #2 You j- # Yeah they uh now they're s- stacking hay you know gotten that these big machines are hay stackers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: And it's lot of people are stacking their hay in the or rolling them into big round bales. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Storing them in the fields rather than taking them and putting them in the hay loft. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever heard any terms for small piles of hay swept up in a field? 490: Mm. I don't know that wind roll it. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 That # I don't know if that's what you're talking about or not. Interviewer: Well what about uh uh sometimes the farmer will use a wagon. Uh out {X} you know bring it in. Anything that would call other than just wagon? 490: Just a hay wagon. Interviewer: Just a hay wagon. Or have you ever seen a place where uh uh keeping hay other than the loft like the uh oh some sort of structure on with four poles and 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 a roof on it # something like that. 490: Uh-huh. I don't know what that there was a term for it I don't know what it was. Interviewer: Okay. 490: I've never seen it done Interviewer: Okay. And uh the place that you might keep your cows if you didn't want them to stay outside you would just put them 490: In a barn. Interviewer: Just in a barn. 490: Or lean-to. I have a little lean-to out it's out it's the barn my grandfather used to have out in old home places that's got a lean-to #1 to it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: You know. And the cows stayed underneath there {C: whirring noise} Interviewer: And what about the place where you would keep horses inside. {C: whirring noise} 490: Mm. #1 Horse barn is what we always called it. # Interviewer: #2 Horse barn. Anything else? # 490: Uh stables. Interviewer: Stable. Where would the cows be milked if they were being milked inside. 490: Mm. Dairy barn. Interviewer: #1 Dairy barn. # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever uh heard of a place where a farmer might have his cows until he got a lot of manure there and he uh used it you know for fertilizer. 490: Uh. Interviewer: Would you call that #1 anything # 490: #2 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: in particular? Have you ever heard the word compost? 490: Yeah. Interviewer: What is that? 490: That's when you uh all the like leaves or any debris or anything that's on the in the yard then you pile it up. And some people put chemicals on it to make it ferment. Interviewer: Right 490: Smells horrible when they do that. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 And then they use it # to put around flowers. And especially roses and things like that. {X} spring. Interviewer: Well what about a place where the {X} might be kept other than the place that you answered? Uh 490: Um. Interviewer: If they were just fenced in or something like #1 that # 490: #2 Pig pen. # Interviewer: Pig pen. 490: Mm-hmm. Loblolly. Interviewer: #1 Loblolly. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Uh what about the kind of farm that uh uh on which you have cows being raised only for milk. 490: #1 Dairy farm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Have you ever heard of a place where uh before we had refrigeration where people would take things that spoil easily like milk and butter maybe down to the flowing water and put them in that to keep them cool. 490: Um. Mother talks about the well house that they used to have. They had a had a well and then before they put the well in there was a spring that was there and they called it the spring house and they a little covering covering over it things there things laying out milk and things like that to keep them from spoiling. Interviewer: #1 Yo- # 490: #2 In the spring house. # Interviewer: You ever heard of people putting it down the well to keep it #1 cool? # 490: #2 Suspended? # Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # In books, but I've never heard of any really I really like {C: phone ringing} #1 Excuse me. # Interviewer: #2 Go ahead # What about uh uh an open place around a barn where the animals might just walk around. 490: #1 Barn yard. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Just a barn yard. And the place where your cows would graze you call that 490: Uh pasture. Interviewer: Pasture. Is that usually 490: Meadow, but Interviewer: #1 A meadow. # 490: #2 all that's # Meadow people don't say that around here. Interviewer: #1 Pasture's more common. # 490: #2 Pasture. # Interviewer: #1 Is the pasture usually fenced in? # 490: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: What about uh growing cotton. Is much of that done around here? 490: Not as much as usual it it used to be uh. There just {X} cotton-based much anymore. I don't know maybe it's just not profitable enough in this area. Mostly it's corn and soy beans. Interviewer: Mm. 490: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Do you have any idea of # type of work that's done in raising cotton? 490: Mm-hmm. I've tri- I've picked it before the uh the fifteen minute job. I quit. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Lot of hoeing and everything. {X} Interviewer: What would what's meant uh by chopping cotton. 490: They have grass growing up even before they had all the herbicides and insecticides and #1 all this # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 490: and everything and they still have to you know plow it but chopped cotton oh before they had everything was mechanized and cotton I think is uh delicate when it's growing Interviewer: #1 And it's # 490: #2 Mm. # rather difficult to get all the grass and everything out of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: A machine. Interviewer: Mm. 490: So we still have {D: holders}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Chopping cotton. Kids around here usually used to and then when I was in high school people chopped cotton and pick cotton to make extra money you know. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 Kids in # high school. But now just very seldom do you ever see a cotton crop. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Especially in Weakley county. Interviewer: Mm. Well anything in particular uh you call the type of grass that grows up that you don't want? Or is just just referred to as grass? 490: Well weeds grass we have a problem around here with Johnson #1 grass. # Interviewer: #2 Johnson grass. # 490: Yeah and it just take over the world with it. Interviewer: What about kudzu I {D: can} say too much about it. 490: Um there's some in town. Interviewer: It's just about taken over South Alabama. 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 I shoulda # brought some 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: I could've used it} # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Have kudzu all over the floor. What about uh uh the place where your cotton or your corn grows. You say it grows in a big 490: Field. Interviewer: Was uh uh talking about fences in a field what type of uh fencing might you have around a a field or a pasture. 490: Usually now they use American wire. Um if they're trying to keep animals in they put barbed wire on top of it. We don't have any rail fences or anything like that around here. Most of them use that big American wire. Interviewer: Now what does this American wire #1 look like? # 490: #2 It's just the # big s- you know it has the big squares. Interviewer: Oh I see. {X} 490: That's American wire. I know some of the farm terms cause I I hear it all the time. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 490: My brother. Interviewer: Well what about uh talking about fences these uh fences people sometimes have around their front yards or the gardens. They're usually white they're not these big massive things like uh a regular fence. 490: Picket. Interviewer: You call those picket fences. Or maybe uh the type of fence you might have around uh a chicken yard. Something like that. Maybe a little taller than 490: Yeah that's chicken wire. Interviewer: Chicken wire. Well what a- have you ever seen a a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock around here. 490: Uh n- not much because all every bit of that stone has to be imported because we don't ha- 490: He was wanting to to play and then he'd get up there and he couldn't and it irritated him and it's just really more hassle than it's worth. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Oh man} well talking about fencing if you're putting up a barb wire fence what do you call these. The wooden things the round things that you 490: #1 Post. # Interviewer: #2 string from. # Post. And you call more than one you'd have two. 490: Posts. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: Posts? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 490: That's like {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Wh- what would you say that your uh best dishes are made of 490: China. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of uh an egg made out of something like that? 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That a farmer might put under a hen trying to get it to lay. 490: That's Oh I can't remember what grandmother used to call 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: What are they called? Interviewer: Ah they're called artificial eggs. Uh nest eggs. 490: Nest egg. That's Interviewer: #1 That's what it is? # 490: #2 what she used to call it. # Interviewer: Oh if you were going to milk the cows what would you probably take with you to catch the milk in. 490: Pail. Interviewer: A pail. Is there anything else that you might call it? Well what would it 490: #1 Bucket. # Interviewer: #2 be made of? # Bucket. What would it be made out of? 490: Um. Aluminum I guess. Interviewer: You ever seen {D: anything} made of anything else. 490: Yeah uh they used to be made out of something else. That real heavy but I don't know what material that was. Uh Grandmother had a wooden one, but she didn't use that th- that's an old well. Interviewer: Mm. 490: That wooden bucket but it i- some steel alloy of some kind because it wasn't aluminum cause they didn't have aluminum I know Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 490: #2 then # Cuz this was long time ago that I remember. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well a bucket and a pail are they the same? 490: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: Kay} What about a type of bucket that uh {D: morn} might keep in the kitchen to throw scraps in for the hogs. 490: Slop jar. Interviewer: Slop. 490: No not slop jar. Slop Interviewer: #1 Slop bucket. # 490: #2 bucket I guess. # {NW} Slop jar used to be in the ba- bedroom used to #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Well what about the the bigger one did you just throw any kind of general waste or refuse in it. That you're 490: #1 The garbage can. # Interviewer: #2 just take out. # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Garbage can. # What about the the thing that you would use to oh fry eggs or ham or something like that in. 490: Skillet. Interviewer: Skillet. Is that called anything else? 490: Frying pan. Interviewer: Frying pan. Have you ever heard of an old fashioned one that uh might have been used in the fireplace. Might've had legs on it. 490: Mm-hmm. An iron skillet with legs. Interviewer: Iron skillet with #1 legs. # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # That's what I always called it. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Well what about this uh great big black metal thing that you occasionally see in people's yards used for boiling and all that. 490: It's a kettle. Interviewer: It's a kettle. 490: Grandmother called it a kettle. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Kettle. {C: pronunciation} 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Have you ever people call it a wash pot? 490: Yeah. When I was a child I remember her washing them in the backyard over a fire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Killing hogs and using those big kettles to Interviewer: Yeah. 490: boil the meat in and everything. Interviewer: Yeah. I used to work at a meatpacking house during the summers when I was in Junior High, high school had monstrous uh big ol' black kettle you know they used for the melting the lard and #1 all that kind of thing. # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: {D: Thank the} monster. 490: They uh usually put uh had 'em full of water and they'd dip those big old pigs down in 'em and get the #1 hide {D: hanging} off of them you know and everything. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. Yeah. # Yeah. 490: I used to like hog killing when I was a child. I miss things like that. They used all this area back here like I told you yesterday was was gr- granddaddy's barnyard and pasture and everything. There's a big old log barn that was up there and they always used to kill hogs #1 right out in the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: in the barnyard of that. And that was the most fun. # 490: #1 {D: It'd be} cold and crisp that day # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: you know cuz they always waited 'til it got #1 cool you know {D: and} hog killing time. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. {D: Yeah} # 490: And then we we'd eat the my cousins would get a long handled iron skillet Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 and hold over the # fire. You know building a little fire out there and put some lard in it. And they they would fry the um cracklings. Now not chitterlings Cuz I'm not eating those chitterlings. Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 But the {D: cracklings} # Interviewer: #2 You don't like chitlings? # 490: No way. Interviewer: Yeah {D: you not gonna} be a true Southerner if you don't like chitlings. {NW} I don't like the smell of them cooked but uh you know. 490: now I don't remember ever eating them but I'm not going to. #1 Just some things I'm not going to put in my mouth and that's one of them. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} {X} chitlings. Well uh let's see oh yeah you were talking about hog killing. Oh yeah that sound pleasant enough without the place where they kill hogs in that uh the meat packing plant was really a dreary place. 490: #1 I can imagine. # Interviewer: #2 So # It was uh you know just concrete slab floor 490: #1 {D: Old washing it down oh boy.} # Interviewer: #2 {D: They had hogs}. Yeah. # It was mass production you know. We had them strung up on pulleys and all this and it was uh oh they had the big vat you know with hot #1 water. And when # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: they got through with that they flopped them over. They call this thing called the de-hairer you know. 490: Mm. Interviewer: Got all the hair off. It was just really gross. I didn't like going through that place. 490: Oh. Interviewer: What do you call these uh fancy containers that you put cut flowers in that's uh 490: a vase. Interviewer: And you wouldn't grow flowers in a vase you'd say you grow 'em in a 490: Pot. A flower pot. Interviewer: Pot. And what about some of the utensils that you use to uh eat with 490: #1 Okay. Knife # Interviewer: #2 for a meal. # 490: fork spoon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Um. of course fancy dinners you have all kinds of utensils, but I'm not familiar with them enough to. Grapefruit spoons and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Oyster forks and Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 Things like that. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # If you had a a set of say for for steak you say you have a set of steak 490: Knives. Interviewer: What about uh after you eat a meal uh you have to do what to the 490: #1 Clean the dishes. # Interviewer: #2 dishes. # 490: #1 Clean the wash the dishes. # Interviewer: #2 Clean up the dishes or wash the dishes. # 490: Put 'em in the dishwasher. Interviewer: #1 Put 'em in the dishwasher. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 490: {NW} Interviewer: Well what about uh if you don't have a dishwasher uh to get the soap off you have to 490: Rinse. Interviewer: Mm. And the the cloth that you use when you're 490: Wash rag. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 490: #2 Washcloth. # Um dishrag. Interviewer: Is that wha- uh is one that you use for drying? 490: Drying w- uh dry uh what would I call it. Um dishtowel I guess that's Interviewer: Dishtowel. Mm-hmm. 490: I don't call it drying cloth or anything like that. Dishtowel I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And what about the uh the cloth that's about that size that you would use when taking a bath. 490: Washcloth. Interviewer: And the bigger one that's used. 490: Towel. Interviewer: {D: Okay.} If what about this thing on the kitchen and the sink {D: of} the water comes out of. 490: Faucet. Interviewer: Call it the faucet. And if it's outside 490: J- hydrant. Interviewer: The hydrant outside. Well what about you seen these uh metal portable water containers you know that you might see them out on the road. The highway department they {X} give 'em some water. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The thing that the water comes out on those 490: Spigot. Interviewer: That's a spicket. {D: Yeah.} You might s- if it was very cold during the winter you might get up one morning and turn on the water in the kitchen uh in the sink, but nothing comes out. And I say well heck 490: #1 Pipes are frozen. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: {NW} Interviewer: As a matter of fact they 490: Burst. Interviewer: If you b- bought a a lot of flour uh it would probably come in a what? 490: Sack? Interviewer: A big sack. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Or if you very large amount it might come in one of these wooden things. 490: Barrel. Interviewer: In a big barrel. 490: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What do you call the uh the metal thing that goes around the barrel? 490: Stave. Interviewer: Kay. 490: No the stave is Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 the wooden part. # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 That's # Interviewer: #1 The thing that goes around to keep the staves together. # 490: #2 I don't know. Yeah. # Um. I don't know. I guess I'd call them a ring. I don't Interviewer: A ring. 490: Yeah. Bands. Interviewer: #1 Bands. # 490: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Or what about these things that uh they used to be a fad you know they're called hula 490: Hoops. Interviewer: There you go. 490: #1 Barrel hoop. # Interviewer: #2 Well w- # 490: #1 Of course. Alright. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What if you had to buy a large amount of lard or molasses. What would they probably come in? 490: In a big can. Interviewer: #1 In a can. # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: You ever heard that called a stand? A stand of lard. 490: Huh-uh. #1 Don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 never heard that # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # If you wanted to pour some um molasses let's say into a small mouth bottle what would you probably use to keep from spilling all over the place. 490: {NW} I'm laughing because I did that the other day {C: laughing}. Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 490: #2 I tried to # pour maple syrup into another thing without using m- well what am I trying to say. Wait a minute. Um oh Well I'll declare. Interviewer: {NW} Can't think of it. 490: I can't think of what I call it. Interviewer: {D: It's} a big white mouth 490: #1 Yeah it's got a # Interviewer: #2 thing you {D: taper} # 490: Um. I got all different sizes in there. Interviewer: Whatever they are. 490: #1 Whatever they are I've got a whole bunch of them # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: And I use 'em when I'm canning like #1 crazy. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 490: What are they called. Tell me. Interviewer: Funnel. 490: Funnel. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well what about if uh you have a buggy uh with horses and all. The thing that you use to crack around the ears. 490: Whip. Interviewer: {D: A new} whip. Mm-hmm. And when you go to the grocery store. The grocer probably puts yours purchases in 490: Sack. paper sack. Interviewer: Paper sack. Is there any other type of uh sack that you know about maybe uh made of uh coarse rough 490: Burlap bag. Interviewer: #1 Burlap bag. # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything else? 490: Burlap. I'm now thinking potato sack. Cause that's what I use to drag potatoes {D: you know you're digging} potatoes Uh no I don't think so. burlap Interviewer: Have you ever heard of something called a croker sack? 490: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Haven't heard of that. 490: A what now. Interviewer: croker sack 490: croaker Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 Uh-uh. # Never heard of it. Interviewer: Well what about tow sack. 490: Yeah tow sack. Yeah. Interviewer: Is that the same #1 thing as a burlap. # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. Burlap. # Interviewer: {NW} What would you call uh the amount let's say of corn that a farmer might take to the mill at one time. Any particular name for that? Maybe the amount of corn you can take at one time or the amount of wood that he could carry in his arms at one #1 time. # 490: #2 Load. # Interviewer: Just load. 490: Load of corn. Load of wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of a {D: turn} of corn. 490: Turn. Interviewer: #1 Something like that. Haven't heard of that. # 490: #2 Huh-uh. Never. # Interviewer: {D: Okay.} And this thing right here you have to replace if it burns out that's the 490: Bulb. Interviewer: A light bulb. Kay. When you take out your clothes to uh hang them up to dry what would you probably if you don't have a dryer what would take them out in. 490: A hamper. Interviewer: A hamper or a clothes 490: {X} Bag Clothes old hamper is what I call it. Interviewer: Or it might be a oh made out of plastic or 490: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 They're hampers. # Interviewer: Hampers. 490: {NW} Interviewer: What about a clothes basket? 490: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Call it that? # 490: #2 Basket. We usually call it # a hamper. Interviewer: Yeah. What about something like a barrel except maybe smaller that nails might bec- might come in. 490: Keg. Interviewer: Keg. And if you had just bottled something some liquid. Something that you might put in the mouth of the bottle to keep it from spilling out. 490: Cork. Interviewer: Cork. And what about this saying that's a musical instrument play with your mouth. 490: #1 Harmonica. # Interviewer: #2 {D: With a backboard} # Heard that called anything else? 490: Jew's harp. Interviewer: #1 Is that the same thing? # 490: #2 No a juice harp's a Blues # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 No. A juice harp's # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 different. # Harmonica and mouth organ. Interviewer: Mouth organ. {X} {D: And} this thing a tool that you use to drive nails. 490: Hammer. Interviewer: {D: Wanna} ask a few questions about wagons. See what you know about wagon. That uh wooden thing that goes between the horses a long wooden thing. Do you know what that's called? 490: Um. That's not the tongue. Is it the tongue? #1 Okay # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 490: I was thinking harness and stuff. Yoke and all that alright tongue. Interviewer: Let's the wagon will pull you over. {D: Parts a little} You have a hub and uh spokes #1 come out of the hub. # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What would you call the uh the outer part of the wagon wheel you'd say that's the 490: Rim. Interviewer: The rim of the wheel. Do you know what the traces are? 490: #1 That's the # Interviewer: #2 {D: The wagon} # 490: lines that go from the driver to horses' harness {X} Interviewer: Do you know what uh well what are the traces come back and attach to. It's kind of a horizontal #1 wooden block. # 490: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 Sort of thing. # 490: #2 {D: I know} # I've seen it, but I don't know what they're called. Interviewer: Single tree. 490: Single tree that's right. Interviewer: And of course if you have two horses both single trees would be attached to a a doubletree. 490: #1 Double tree. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You heard of that? # Okay. Well what about uh 490: Let me get Ben. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 490: #2 I need to # get him to something to eat. Interviewer: Let's see where was I oh yeah. If you saw a a man riding by on his wagon and he had a he had a little wood in it. Came back a little later {X} came back few minutes later with a thing full of {X} you say he's doing what? 490: Working hard {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Uh I would say that he was. I don't know Interviewer: Or maybe some some #1 expression that {D: have} # 490: #2 I'm not sure that I # Interviewer: {D: has} to do with what he's doing with the wood. He's just hauling wood. 490: #1 Hauling. Okay. # Interviewer: #2 Say something like that. # Yeah. #1 What about # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh If a let's say a tree had fallen across the road uh blocking your way you might have to take a rope and try to do what to get that thing off? 490: Pull. #1 Pull it off. # Interviewer: #2 Pull. # Pull or you might say uh maybe drag it off. 490: yeah drag it. Haul it off. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} What about that word drag. Th- the past form of it {D: would be} yesterday you 490: Dragged. Interviewer: And you have 490: Have dragged {D: isn't it} Interviewer: What about uh I was asking you asking you about uh fields a minute ago. What do you say you do when you break up the ground in a field for planting? 490: Plow it. Interviewer: Plow it. Okay is there uh a particular type of plow that you use to uh to break up the ground the first time? {C: baby noises} 490: Yeah. There's all different kinds, but I don't know what they are. Uh breaking plow. And uh then the hayer and they- there's a cultimulcher now and there's all kinds of stuff, but I don't what to use when. But I do know that the breaking plow has very sharp things that go in there and then they break it up the first time. And then they've got different si- different kinds. Some of the blades are turned it o- at a at an angle and everything but I don't Interviewer: {X} Well what about the uh getting back to the wagon for just a minute the uh {D: the} kind of shaft that goes on the wagon that the wheels turn on. That's the 490: Axle. Interviewer: Axle. Have you ever seen these uh wooden frames that carpenters use. The ends of 'em are kind of shaped like the letter A. 490: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 Horses. # Interviewer: Horses. Is there something uh similar to that another wood frame except it's shaped like the letter X. You might place a log right in the middle of it. {D: Saw thing} 490: Yeah. I don't know what that's called, but I've seen that. {NS} I don't know what it's called. Interviewer: Do you ever heard of it called {D: the storm buck} 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You ever heard of that? # 490: I've heard of the term, but I didn't know that it ap- applied to that. Interviewer: Okay. Or when you get up in the morning the things that you use on your hair. Might use a comb or a 490: Brush. Interviewer: And you say you're 490: Brushing your hair. Interviewer: And s- when men used to shave with these straight razors they would sharpen the razor on this long leather thing. What was that called? 490: Leather strap. #1 Granddaddy # Interviewer: #2 Leather # 490: called it a strop. Interviewer: A strop. 490: Uh-huh. {C: baby} Interviewer: So what about if uh you were going to load a shotgun you put a shell in the what would put in a a pistol or a rifle. 490: #1 Bullet. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Bullet. Anything else you heard that called? 490: Um. Interviewer: Well let's say if you have a tape player in your car. What do you call the you say you have a you're gonna put a tape with Son: {C: baby noises} 490: Put a tape what it Interviewer: Say you have a those plastic things that have a the the reels of tape inside. 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: That play. 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What do you call those things? 490: Uh just a tape. #1 A cassette. I call it a tape. # Interviewer: #2 Just a tape. Just a tape. # Trying {D: to get you to} say cartridge. 490: Oh. Interviewer: You ever heard 490: Yeah cartridge. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 490: #2 Yeah. Okay. # Interviewer: What about uh these things that the children play on uh wooden board. Two kids can sit on the end. You know 490: #1 See-saw. # Interviewer: #2 the {D: white one} # What do you say you're doing? 490: See-sawing. Interviewer: See-sawing. Well what about one that's uh maybe a a long board that would go around instead of up and down. 490: Hmm. Son: {NW} 490: I don't know. #1 Merry-go-round. # Interviewer: #2 Merry-go-round. # 490: But I don't think that's really a merry-go-round. Interviewer: You ever heard that called a {D: flying unit}? 490: Huh-uh. Interviewer: {D: Haven't heard of that} Have you ever heard of oh maybe a board anchored on both ends. It would be pretty limber so it could th- kid could just jump up an down on the 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 middle of it. # 490: Don't know what they're called. Interviewer: {X} Son: {NW} 490: Ben what a mess. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 490: What that was good. Interviewer: Better go in after him. 490: {NW} Interviewer: Now what about this thing that would be suspended say from the limb of a tree by ropes you have a place you're gonna sit 490: Hammock. Interviewer: Or 490: #1 Swing. I know w- {X} # Interviewer: #2 This {X} # What about {D: if} this container if you were burning coal uh for heat that you would keep the coal in right next to the fireplace {D: or just a little} whatever. 490: That's not the grate is it. Interviewer: #1 Uh. Yeah. # 490: #2 The grate's what {D: there yeah} # {D: it's what the the burned in} Uh coal bucket. Interviewer: Coal bucket. You ever heard that called stubble? Coal stubble. Is that just the shape of a bucket or is it different. 490: No it has a uh the back part of it is round but the front part of it is scooped out so that it pours loosely Interviewer: Mm. Well what about if you have a free standing stove uh you know in some old houses. The pipe that goes up from the stove up to the ceiling you call that the 490: Stove pipe. Interviewer: And the part outside. What is that? 490: Flue Interviewer: The flue. And this thing that you might have on a house when you're working in the yard to carry things in with handles and wheel {X} 490: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything else? 490: Wheelbar. Interviewer: #1 Wheelbar. # 490: #2 {NW} # Um Can't think of anything else but wheelbarrow. Interviewer: What about Georgia buggy. 490: No a Georgia buggy. No I've never heard of that before. Interviewer: What if you you wanted to uh sharpen your ax. What would you probably use to put a edge in? 490: Um a file. But they use electric files now. file i guess. Interviewer: You ever heard of anything called a grass hoe. 490: Uh-huh. {X} turn the wheels Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 and there's a huge {C: baby noises} # stone and it turns. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: #1 It's the same principle # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: now and Interviewer: Yeah. 490: electric. Interviewer: Well what about a small one uh that you can hold in your hand. #1 {X} # 490: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: #1 Is that the same thing? # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # {X} Interviewer: Ever heard that called a {D: whip rock}? 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Rolling stone. # 490: Stone. Interviewer: What about this uh vehicle that I drove up in. {D: What's that?} 490: Car. Interviewer: Anything else? 490: {X} {C: baby noises} Interviewer: That's not right {C: baby noises} 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: {NW} Interviewer: Well what if uh maybe my car started squeaking. I might take it into a a service station tell 'em {X} {C: baby noises} what to it. 490: {X} Interviewer: You got all that stuff on your hands you'd say your hands were. 490: Greasy. Interviewer: Or talking about you know having your car serviced you might ask the attendant to look up under the hood and maybe tell you what your {X} 490: Oil. Interviewer: {D: Yeah} before you had these electric lamps they t- you had to burn uh well what would you {D: burn} {X} {C: baby noises} 490: #1 Oil or kerosene. # Interviewer: #2 Oil. # Or kerosene. Have you ever heard of uh a makeshift lamp or a temporary lamp that would be made from a bottle and stick the kerosene and a wick or something like that. 490: Molotov cocktail {C: laughing} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's {D: something} yeah I know what you #1 mean. {X} explode. That you use for light. # 490: #2 {NW} # Um I #1 I suppose # Son: #2 {X} # 490: that I have heard of of that of kerosene {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Have you ever heard something like that called a flambeau? 490: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Never heard of that. 490: {NW} I've heard of flambeau though of uh chateaubriand. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 And all oo yummy. # I'm hungry. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} So what about uh the inside part of a tire you that inflates you call it the inner Son: {X} Interviewer: Pin. Ta- you were talking about a boat {D: and then} if you uh when you put the boat in the water what do you call {X} Son: {NW} 490: I Son: {NW} Interviewer: Going down to 490: Yeah. the boat in the water. Uh launch. Interviewer: Launch the boat. Well what about the type of boat that you would have to use oars with. That would be what kind of boat? 490: Row boat. Interviewer: Row boat. Are most of the what do they have? Flat bottoms or curved or what? 490: Well um flat bottom boats usually around here are used for fishing. And then they have the the canoes with point pointed Son: {D: mama ma mama oh mama} Interviewer: So you won't get in a {X} {C: baby noises} 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about if you were going to buy some material for a dress or something or like that in town and you wanted to make sure that you got the right color right material. You might take a little piece 490: Swatch. Interviewer: Call it a swatch. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything else? 490: it's just material. {NW} Swatch. Interviewer: What about sample. 490: Sample. Yeah. But I usually call it a swatch. Interviewer: Well what about if you saw a dress in the store window and you thought it was really nice you might say well my goodness that sure is a 490: Pretty dress {C: ring} Sharp. #1 Attractive. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: {NW} Interviewer: What about what talking about pretty {C: phone ringing} 490: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 'Scuse me. # Interviewer: Sure. {C: phone ringing} 490: Ben. Interviewer: #1 Want # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: to ask you about the the comparative of that word pretty. You might say well that's the first dress but I think this one's even 490: Prettier. Prettiest. Interviewer: And this thing that you would uh might put on when you're i- walking around the kitchen to keep your dress from getting dirty. 490: Apron. Interviewer: And this thing right here is a writing 490: Pen. Interviewer: Pen. And you would use a safety 490: Pin. Interviewer: Okay. Well what about uh you said a dime is worth how many cents? 490: Ten cents. Interviewer: And what about this metal th- 490: Tin. Interviewer: What would you say that a man thr- three piece suit you'd say it's a 490: Uh. Pants suit coat vest. Interviewer: Have you ever heard uh pants called anything else. 490: Trousers. Interviewer: Trousers. 490: Slacks. Slacks more casual #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: trousers are sort of a Son: {NW} 490: #1 antiquated # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 not antiquated I don't know that # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: but uh #1 more # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: formal term. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: Trousers. Interviewer: Well what about these things that you know farmers sometimes wears. Have straps it'll be a 490: #1 Overalls. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Are those usually bought or homemade or what? 490: Uh. Buy 'em from whatever that Smith Big Smith Big Smith overalls Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # My there's a funny story about overalls. My grandmother was gonna o- order uh overalls a pair of overalls for granddaddy and he said she said what size do you wear and he said I wear uh a thirty-four and so she ordered from Sears a fifty-four and she ordered fifty-four fifty-four and they wrote her back {C: laughing} He said I wear a thirty-four thirty-four length and she said uh uh fifty-four fifty-four and Sears wrote w- this was years ago wrote them back a letter and said Mrs. Crawford we uh regret to inform you that we do not s- stock fifty-four fifty-four overalls but we would be glad to have them made specially for you if you want them. Can you imagine. {C: laughing} What fifty-four fifty-four would be like? Interviewer: Oh whoa. 490: Wow. Interviewer: {NW} Like a tent. 490: {NW} Interviewer: Let me ask you about this uh expression. If there was something in the room let's say across the room and you wanted it you might ask me to go what 490: Bring it to me. Interviewer: And that past form would be 490: You brought #1 it to me. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: he has brought it to me Interviewer: What about uh if your husband were trying on a coat he might say well this coat won't fit this year but last year it 490: #1 Fit fine. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {NW} # Son: #2 # Interviewer: Or if let's say it's if he needs some clothes uh to wear to church he might say oh I need to go downtown to buy a 490: New suit. Interviewer: W- what would you say if uh oh I don't know your son kept uh putting different things in his pocket till he got so many things in it that he kind of 490: Bulged. Interviewer: Or if you you put a shirt in water that's too hot for it it's liable to 490: Shrink. Interviewer: What about the past form of that. 490: Shrank. Shrunk. Interviewer: If a if a girl was getting ready to go out on a date and she spends a lot of time in front of the mirror you says she's doing what 490: Primping. Interviewer: Primping. W- what what if a boy is doing the same thing 490: Primping. Interviewer: {D: a guy is} primping 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 too. # {X} {C: baby noises} {NW} Have a good time. 490: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 {D: It's} all the expressions he can get on his face. # Interviewer: {NW} {C: baby noises} 490: {NW} {C: baby noises} Interviewer: #1 See # 490: #2 {NW} # {D: He uh} getting that stuff all over you in your hair and everywhere. Mm-mm yummy The other day we were up at the lake and he was eating some of that zwieback toast and it got all over him and I didn't have a washrag so I just took him and put him in the lake washed him off Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That does it. 490: Yep Interviewer: What wh- what do you call uh the thing that uh women carry all their thing around in 490: #1 Purse. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: Handbag. Interviewer: #1 What # 490: #2 Purse mostly. # Interviewer: What about the small one that you might keep change in? 490: Uh billfold. Interviewer: Billfold. 490: Mm-hmm. Change purse. Interviewer: Change purse. Well what about the thing that you were wear around your wrist or 490: Bracelet. Interviewer: Bracelet. And around the neck 490: Necklace. Interviewer: These things that men might wear to hold up their pants you know that go over the shoulders 490: Suspenders. galluses Interviewer: {D: Galluses} {D: would this uh} 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 an older word for it. # 490: It's what granddaddy'd call it. Son: {NW} Interviewer: Well what about the thing that you would take with you if it's raining to keep the rain off of you 490: An umbrella. Interviewer: An umbrella. You ever heard that called anything 490: Parasol. Interviewer: Parasol. 490: This is {D: son Donald} Interviewer: Hello. Son: Hello. Interviewer: How you doing? Son: Fine. 490: Sleepy. Interviewer: #1 Did he just get up is he # 490: #2 Just rolled out of bed. # You hungry? Son: {X} 490: Just sit and listen for a little while then I'll fix you something after a while. But a parasol's not used for they'll just keep the sun off of you Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 and umbrellas keep the rain # off of you. Interviewer: Fashionable ladies. 490: Right. Interviewer: {X} 490: Keep you from having freckles like I've got. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well what about uh if you're making up the bed the last thing that goes on the bed that's the 490: #1 Spread. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: What about something that might be used in the wintertime uh heavier than a spread you hear about people getting together and making these things. 490: #1 Quilts. # Interviewer: #2 uh # Quilts. And the thing that you rest your head on 490: #1 The pillow. # Interviewer: #2 the bed. # Something like a pillow except it's usually longer than a pillow uh might be used I don't know if it's functional or just used for looks that you put on the bed uh {C: baby noises} 490: A roll like thing Interviewer: #1 Yeah. {X} # 490: #2 {X} I don't know what that's called # Um #1 uh # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: It's got a name but I don't #1 know what it's called # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You ever heard it called a bolster. 490: #1 Yeah # Son: #2 {NS?} # 490: bolster. Interviewer: And what about this expression if it were a particularly long bolster you might say it didn't just go part way across the table but 490: #1 All the way across. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {C: baby screaming} Have you ever heard of uh a temporary bed you might put down on the floor for children who are s- {D: sleeping} overnight or something like that 490: #1 Old # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: beds had trundle beds #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW # 490: #1 and out like a cot or some # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 thing is that what you # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # Son: {NW} 490: Yuck. Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 Super Ben. # Son: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: That's just great. #1 Here. # Interviewer: #2 mess # up your carpet? 490: uh nah. Interviewer: You ever heard that called a palette. 490: Pallet. Yeah. Make him a pallet everyday he'll lie down on the floor and put the quilt down on the bare floor and he crawls around well trying to crawl around Interviewer: {X} 490: on the pallet. Interviewer: What would you say uh you might say you expect uh a huge crop this year because the land is very 490: Fertile. Son: {NW} Interviewer: Any terms you use for very rich uh low ling land that might've been {X} {C: baby crying} 490: Bottom land. Interviewer: Bottom land. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about uh land that's not good for most anything. Some of it has water standing on it permanently. Beavers and {X} {C: baby noises} 490: Swamp. Son: {NW} Interviewer: Is there anything particular that you call very rich soil. Soil. 490: Um Son: {NW} 490: #1 {D: Better dollar maker} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 490: {NW} Um loamy? #1 {D: I didn't know that they s-} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: some good loam l- loam loamy land down there around the river. Mm. I don't know just bottom land good fertile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Black soils. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any particular term for poor soil. 490: Scrub land. Interviewer: Scrub land. {C: baby noises} Well what about if you wanted to uh put some land to cultivation {D: and it had some water on it} you'd say you {X} {C: baby noises} 490: Drain. Interviewer: Drain. 490: Drain the water. Interviewer: And the thing that you dug that would take {X}{C: baby noises} 490: #1 Drainage ditches. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Drainage ditches {C: baby noises} What do you call the, well if you have some land with some bushes and trees and 490: #1 Shh # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you wanted to put that to cultivation so you need to do what to it? 490: Clear the land. Interviewer: Any any particular names for land that's just been 490: Cleared. Interviewer: Cleared. 490: Um No not that I can think of I don't I don't know. Interviewer: You ever heard of something like that called new ground. 490: New ground. Yeah. Interviewer: Well what about uh {C: baby noises} {X} {C: baby screaming} names for different uh streams of water flowing along around here 490: #1 Creeks. # Interviewer: #2 just creeks # 490: Mm-hmm. Streams but most of it's creeks. Interviewer: #1 What is it # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What's the difference between a #1 stream # 490: #2 A # stream seem like to me it'd be rocky #1 Have a # Interviewer: #2 rocky # 490: hard bottom. Where Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 creeks have # got you know mud and everything in it. And there's a stream is um uh more like on on flat land with a stream running through it you know a wooded area and things like that where a creek is uh muddy banks Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 490: #2 and stuff like # that for some reason. I don't know #1 why. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: I Interviewer: #1 Well i- # 490: #2 {D: got} it that way # Interviewer: is there anything smaller than a creek to you that you'd have a name for? 490: Smaller than a creek. Stream of water I guess. Interviewer: Stream of water. 490: Yeah. Stream I guess but but nah I really don't that's when I think stream I think bubbly. You know. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: {X} Interviewer: {NW} What would you call a place in the land that's been uh say worn away by some water flowing along? 490: Eroded. Interviewer: Is there anything that you would call #1 th- that place # 490: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 # 490: #2 # Hmm. Interviewer: Or maybe a place you know that's been 490: #1 {D: No} # Interviewer: #2 Um. # 490: Worn away like that I Interviewer: Might be done by heavy rainfall or something. 490: #1 Yeah # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: uh No just eroded land is all I can think of. Interviewer: What about gully. 490: Gullies #1 Yeah. I'm # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about ravine is i- 490: Um. Know what it is but we don't use that Interviewer: #1 Don't use that term. # 490: #2 term. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: But you do use gully. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call the uh this round thing that you would turn to open a door. 490: #1 {D: Doorknob} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Have you ever heard people a {D: hill a knob}? 490: Uh-huh. Uh we have a place up on the lake called knob hill. Interviewer: Is that right 490: {NW} Two the two terms Interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah. # 490: #2 {D: but yeah}. # Interviewer: Well what about something very much uh larger than a hill {C: baby noises} {X} {C: baby noises} 490: #1 Mountains # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: You know what you call the uh rocky edge of a mountain that drops off very sharply? 490: Precipice. Interviewer: #1 Precipice or # 490: #2 Uh. # Cliff. Interviewer: {D: Good.} 490: #1 hmm. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And what about {D: from one} place um between the mountains where a road might {X} {C: baby noises} {C: baby noises} 490: #1 Little place between the mountains. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: No. You ever heard people say a notch {C: baby noises} {C: baby noises} 490: Notch. like an opening in the mountains that you {D: navigate} Interviewer: What do you call a 490: Gap. That's what they Interviewer: #1 Gap. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about the place where boats {X} and unload their cargo {D: and unload it on the shore}? 490: Dock. Interviewer: A dock. Ever heard that called anything else. 490: #1 Um. # Son: #2 {NW} # ma ma {NW} 490: hmm. Son: {NW} 490: #1 No. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: probably probably have but I ca- Interviewer: #1 can't think of # Interviewer: #2 What about wharf. # 490: #1 Wharf. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: Sure. #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 I just think it's for boats I think # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: ships. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well what about uh the place in the mountains where water falls a long distance. 490: #1 Waterfall. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Wha- what are some of the {D: special surfaces} that roads are made out of around here. 490: Asphalt. #1 Concrete # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: and gravel #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: You're making a lot of racket. Son: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {X} 490: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call a a road maybe out in the country that goes off the main road. {X} {C: baby noises} 490: {NW} Interviewer: Country road. 490: Country road. #1 County road. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: County road. 490: Apart from state roads. County road Interviewer: You ever heard that called a byway? 490: Hmm. Mm-mm. Interviewer: #1 Never heard that? # 490: #2 {D: I said} byway. # Interviewer: Well what about uh a road that goes up a plain road up to a man's house? 490: Driveway. Son: {NW} Interviewer: And the place where uh {X} side of the street {C: baby noises} 490: Sidewalk. Interviewer: You ever seen a {D: strip} of grass in the sidewalk in the street. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that called anything? 490: Yeah a hard place to mow. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Um I don't know what it's called. Interviewer: You ever heard that called a tree lawn? 490: Tree lawn? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: Huh-uh. Interviewer: Haven't heard of that one. That's a that's {D: another difference uh} south Alabama 490: #1 I don't think we call it anything. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Is that right. 490: #1 I always call it grass. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: That's right. I know.} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about let's say if uh you walk down in the country and you saw some crows getting after some farmer's corn. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You might reach up and pick up a 490: Clod. Interviewer: And. 490: Throw it. Interviewer: {D: Did you} ever {D: would you} say chuck it. 490: #1 Chuck it. Yeah. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: Chucking is just you know #1 short distance. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: Throwing is really {NW} #1 {D: want it to go} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Do you drink coffee? 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you have? What do you like in your coffee? 490: Uh cream #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Cream. # 490: sugar. Interviewer: Do you {X} let's say you're ordering coffee and you wanted milk in your coffee you'd order it 490: Cream. Interviewer: Cream. 490: But I would order it uh not black. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 What would I order it # Pretty sure but I don't use cream it's milk all the Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 time # Interviewer: #1 Talking about # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: black coffee if somebody wanted their coffee {X} {C: baby crying} if they ordered it would they say just {D: leave it} black? 490: Mm. If they ordered it in a restaurant I imagine that it would #1 come black anyway # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 What they'd ordered. Just coffee I guess. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Have you ever heard black coffee called anything else you know just with nothing in it? 490: Straight. Interviewer: Straight. 490: {NW} Interviewer: Ever heard it called barefooted? 490: Barefooted. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: No. {NW} Barefooted #1 coffee. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah I have heard it called that. {NW} I was {X} 490: {NW} Interviewer: What about uh if somebody's {D: not calling the police} on you you say you say he's coming right 490: to you. Interviewer: Or. 490: #1 Toward. # Son: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Let's say if you have to meet somebody that you weren't looking for you might say well I just sort of ran 490: Into or chanced upon. Interviewer: What about uh if a child is given the same name as his father you say that the child is named 490: After his father. Interviewer: {C: baby noises} {NW} This animal that barks. 490: Dog. Interviewer: Dog. Yeah. Some dogs are bad about 490: Barking all night. Interviewer: #1 Bark. # 490: #2 {NW} # Yeah. Biting. Interviewer: Biting. And the past tense of bite is {C: baby screams} 490: #1 Bitten. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: and bitten} {C: baby noises} Son: {NW} 490: Shh Interviewer: What do you call a dog that's not a pure breed. 490: Halfbreed. Mongrel. Um tramp. {NW} Nuisance. {NW} Interviewer: {X} 490: What do you want son? {D: Wayne} Son: It didn't sound like it. 490: Well it is. Interviewer: What about a small dog yapping dog that likes to make a lot of racket. {X} {C: baby crying} 490: #1 Mm # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: call them chihuahuas as far as I'm concerned. Can't #1 stand that dog. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Were} # Ever heard of people call 'em {D: little feistos} 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 dogs # 490: Feist. Interviewer: {D: Something like that} 490: Mm-hmm. #1 a boxer's a breed isn't it? # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Yes it is} Interviewer: Some people use that 490: #1 Feisty. I u- feisty person # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: is somebody like that #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # I tell you what we're going to eleven if that's alright? 490: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 And then I'll # leave you alone. 490: #1 Okay. Alright. Okay. # Interviewer: #2 I know you've got things to do. # What would you call to another dog to make it attack another dog. 490: Sic 'em. Interviewer: Sick 'em. 490: {NW} Interviewer: And if you wanted it to stop what would you say? 490: Uh uh heel. Interviewer: #1 Heel. # 490: #2 Sit. # If it were trained. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about uh Talking about in herding cows. What do you call the male? 490: {D: Three hole} what? Interviewer: The male. 490: Oh. In a herd of cows bull. Interviewer: Bull. Well what about uh oh sometimes farmers used to plow with these animals. 490: #1 Oxen. # Interviewer: #2 uh # Oxen. Or anything else they might 490: #1 Mules. # Interviewer: #2 plow # What would you call two of 'em together. {X} {C: baby noises} 490: #1 {D: Uh} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Strong two mules} # 490: #1 Um pair of mules or team of mules. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Ever heard of {D: like a} yoke of oxen? 490: Oh yoke of oxen. mm-hmm Interviewer: W- and talking about cattle uh wha- wh- {X} {C: baby and crashing} {X} {C: baby screaming} 490: #1 Bull and # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: heifer. Heifer if it's never had a calf and cow if it has. Interviewer: If you have a cow named Daisy and she was expecting a calf you'd say Daisy's going to 490: calf Interviewer: Going to calf. What about then let's say uh herd of horses what do you call a male? 490: Stallion. Interviewer: #1 Stay. You ever heard it # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: called anything else? 490: Stud. Interviewer: Stud. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If {D: the man was left over} for the male horse that picks company will you go ahead and say stud or {D: would you} 490: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Say something else. # 490: #1 You would say stallion # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: What about a female horse. 490: Mare. {C: crashing} Interviewer: Mare {C: crashing} And what do you call yourself doing if you get on a horse and go around just 490: Ride #1 to gallop. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. The past of that word ride you, so yesterday 490: #1 Rode. Ridden. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah and I have # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And if you have trouble staying on a horse you say if you fell 490: Off. Interviewer: And if uh a little boy goes to bed at night and wakes up on the floor he says well my goodness during the night I must've 490: #1 Fallen off the bed. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And these things that go on the horses feet to protect 'em. You call those 490: Shoes. Interviewer: {NW} Wh- what are the parts of the horses foot that are that you put on 490: #1 Hooves. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: The singular would just be 490: #1 Hoof. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: Do you ever {X} {D: Just a minute} {NW} {X} {D: ever} play games with those things? 490: #1 Horse shoes. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: #1 Kids up the street were playing it yesterday afternoon. # Son: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: Well what about. I don't guess you have, there are any sheep raised around here are #1 there? # 490: #2 Not # #1 many. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} Well, do you happen to know what you call a male sheep? 490: Male sheep is #1 um # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: {NW} #1 Oh no. You use the female {X} uh # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: Well of all things. Interviewer: {D: Big things that} {X} call them veterans. 490: Ram. Interviewer: {D: Okay.} 490: {NW} Interviewer: What about {NW} The bushy gray part {D: on them} 490: #1 The wool likely. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: {D: Let's} talk about a lot of {X} {D: called when you own a farm} 490: #1 Uh. # Son: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {X} when it's first born. 490: #1 Piglet. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: Is there anything in between there going from a pig and then something and then a full grown hog? 490: Boars. Sows. Piglets. shoat Interviewer: Shoat. What do you call what do you call a male hog that's been altered? 490: Um. I've forgotten. Gelding is a horse. Steer is a no steer's not #1 I don't remember what a # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 490: #1 Back again. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Barn} 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} 490: Yeah. Interviewer: Talked about altering. You say you did what to it? 490: #1 Castrated # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything else? 490: Uh. #1 # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 Cut. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Cut. 490: Ben #1 no # Interviewer: #2 got # These stiff hairs on a hog's back they're called a 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: Yeah. Interviewer: What about these teeth that some hogs have? 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You ever hear them called tusks? 490: Tusks. Yeah. {C: pronunciation} {NW} Interviewer: Any anything else for a hog that's grown up wild? 490: Hmm. Wild pig. Interviewer: Just wild pig. 490: {NW} Interviewer: Well what about this thing that you put feed in for your hog. 490: Trough. Interviewer: More than one would be. Troughs. 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # This has ten. Interviewer: How how would you describe the gentle noises made by a calf or a cow when it's uh. 490: Moo. Interviewer: A moo. Ever heard that called a low? 490: #1 Mm-mm. Lowing of cows # Son: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about the noises made by a horse? 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Neigh. Anything else? 490: Whinny. Interviewer: Whinny. Interviewer: You ever heard people say knickers? 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Oh what about if you have a lot of animals like chickens and geese and ducks and things like that. A general term would be what? You have a lot of 490: Animals? Uh Interviewer: Well specifically feathered animals. 490: Oh fowl. Interviewer: Fowl. What would you call a hen that's on a nest trying to hatch out something? 490: Nesting hen. Interviewer: Nesting hen. {X} 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: laying hen uh-huh. Oh setting hen that's {X} Interviewer: {NW} 490: They're the meanest #1 kind. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well what about the place where you keep your chickens. You call that a 490: #1 Chicken yard. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Chick yard. 490: #1 Chicken house. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about chicken coop. 490: Chicken coop. Interviewer: {X} fried chicken the piece that your kids like to get so they can pull it apart. 490: #1 pully-bone # Interviewer: #2 pully-bone # uh what's the idea behind that uh what's supposed to 490: The longest bone gets to make a wish and the wish is supposed to #1 come true. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {D: Make a wish} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 and the one who gets the gets the longest then they get their wish is supposed to come true. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 490: #1 Pulling bone and wish bone. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: #1 Those terms. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: {D: Is that a} #1 {X} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Have you ever heard any uh {X} used to describe these {X} {D: or livestock that weren't edible}? 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: No or {X} 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Have you ever heard people talking about the {D: haslet} 490: #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 or something like that? # Never heard of that one okay. Oh if you're on a farm and a cow gets mooing and uh your horse is neighing and all that might say well {X} 490: Milking time. Interviewer: Milking time. {X} 490: #1 Feeding time. # Son: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: This has always been {X} have you ever heard what a farmer calls to his cows saying to get up and come in from the pasture. 490: #1 Uh. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} {C: baby crying} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 Ben I'm fixing to call cows here # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # #1 Uh. Daddy stands up and he goes # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {NW} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 like that. {D: Get out} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: #1 And they used to come to him # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: What is that called the horses {X} 490: #1 Uh let's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: see yeah my my uncle r- uh uh raised horses and he'd whistle. He'd whistle #1 for them and they would come. # Son: #2 {NW} # {NW} 490: #1 {NW} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: Like that. Interviewer: {X} Have you ever heard him say anything to 'em to turn left or right? 490: #1 U- I uh # Son: #2 {NW} # {NW} 490: #1 Uh # Son: #2 {NW # 490: gee and haw. Interviewer: {NW} 490: Okay. I don't know which is which Interviewer: Oh. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Well that's good to know. # What about if you were oh {X} #1 {X} # 490: #2 Shh. # Interviewer: Or something like that. What would you say to 'em to get 'em started from a 490: #1 Get up and walk. # Interviewer: #2 sitting position. Get up. # 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} do or say to 'em go faster. 490: Get up get up. Interviewer: Get up. Son: {NW} Interviewer: You ever heard any uh calls to uh calls to pigs when you're feeding 'em? 490: {NW} Sooie Interviewer: What about to chickens when you're feeding 'em? 490: Uh. {NW} And cluck #1 cluck cluck. And # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 here chick chick chick. Chick. # Interviewer: #1 # 490: #2 # Interviewer: {X} calls to sheep? 490: Uh. Interviewer: {D: Got lots of} sheep. Okay. And if you need to get your horses ready to go somewhere you say you have to do what? 490: curry and comb and Interviewer: {D: Alright} when you put all that stuff on you #1 say you. Harness 'em up. # 490: #2 Harness 'em up. # Saddle up. Son: {NW} Floor yet. Interviewer: Is that right. He's lazy in the summertime. 490: #1 I've never seen # Interviewer: #2 Yeah he got # 490: an eight year old sleep like he does in the mornings. Course he wants to rock out all night {NW} he would stay up till two oh clock in the morning if you let him. Interviewer: Is that right. 490: he's something else. Interviewer: A night owl. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay let's see we were talking about horses yesterday when we stopped. Uh what do you call these uh if you were plowing with animals uh the things that you hold in your hand to guide 'em. 490: Reins. Interviewer: Is alright. I guess that would be the same thing if you were just riding 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 a separate horse. # 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard those called plow lines. 490: Uh-huh. The lines. {D: Per} Seen pictures of women holding the lines in their {D: teeth} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: Yeah. Interviewer: Gotta romanticize 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 I imagine. # And those things that you put your feet in when you're riding a horse. 490: Stirrups. Interviewer: {NW} When uh if you have two horses hitched to a wagon have you ever heard the horse on the left called anything special? 490: Mm. don't think so. Horse on the left. Interviewer: #1 Horse on the left okay. # 490: #2 {NW} # No. Interviewer: What about if uh if something's not right near at hand you say it's just a little 490: Farther. Interviewer: Okay. Get some a few more expressions I wanna ask you about. Uh if you've been traveling a long time and you've not yet finished you might say that you still have before dark. Still have 490: Little way to go. Interviewer: Little way to go okay. And if something is very common you might say well uh that's pretty common thing you can find that just about 490: Anywhere. Interviewer: And if a person slip down and he fell that way you'd say he fell 490: Backward. Interviewer: #1 how {D: about that way} # 490: #2 Forward. # Interviewer: #1 # 490: #2 # Interviewer: If you went fishing and didn't have any luck at all uh and somebody asked you well did you catch any fish? You'd probably say what? 490: hmm it was a dry run. Interviewer: Dry run. 490: {NW} Interviewer: You ever hear people round here say nary {D: nigh gainst nary one.} 490: Uh-huh. Older people all the time. Interviewer: Well what about uh let's say somebody accidentally steps on your rake in the front yard and breaks it. You might say you might say oh well that's okay I didn't like it 490: anyway. Interviewer: Oh what about uh if a child's crying and you ask him why he might say well my friend was eating some candy and he didn't give me 490: any. Interviewer: Okay get back to plowing. What do you call these uh trenches that are cut out by a plow? 490: A row. Interviewer: A row. 490: A ditch. Or well let's see now wait a minute um Furrow. Interviewer: Furrow 490: That's what I that's the furrow and that's the row okay. Interviewer: {NW} Let's see. Now what after after wheat has been cut when it's tied up what do you say it's tied up into or or 490: #1 A bale. # Interviewer: #2 what that process? # 490: A bale. Interviewer: Bale. Mm-hmm. Is there anything else that 490: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 has to do with # Oh you know bundling wheat 490: #1 Stack. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Stacking it. 490: Stack of wheat. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Are you familiar with the term shock. 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Shock of wheat. # And what is that? 490: That's um long time ago I don't think they use that process much anymore. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But um with combines and everything. But the shock of wheat is when it's tied standing up in the fields. But that's um that's I don't know whether they still use that. They don't use it around here anymore anyway. Interviewer: {NW} 490: It's um they use a combine and then they Interviewer: What about what about how much wheat would you say uh is a pretty good yield per acre? 490: Oh golly. I don't know anything about that. I don't have any idea. I know do know I heard on television that wheat's gone down about two dollars a bushel and everybody's lamenting that Interviewer: #1 {D: Is that right?} # 490: #2 {D; these days} but I don't have any idea # what's a good yield. Interviewer: Okay. Oh. What do you say uh you you do to oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 490: Thresh. Interviewer: {NW} A few {D: of the} expressions haven't been with pronouns. If uh uh we have to do something. Some sort of job together if you just use pronouns to refer to us you'd say that you and 490: I. Interviewer: Okay. And in other words not one of us has to do this but 490: We do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or one of us or 490: the other. Interviewer: Okay. Or if you and another man are coming to see me again using pronouns you could just say that and 490: He and I. Interviewer: Or let's say if uh you go knocking on somebody's door and they call out hello who's that again just using {D: regular} pronoun you would respond it's just 490: I. Interviewer: #1 Is that what you would {D: actually} say? # 490: #2 You're supposed to say # It's just I. I know that's proper but I say it's me. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's natural for me too # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I can't bring myself to say it's I. # Uh what about uh if uh if a if a man is knocking at the door you know who it is. You don't use his name just a pronoun you'd say oh that's just 490: He. Interviewer: #1 Is that what you'd actually say? # 490: #2 But I'd say that's him # Interviewer: say. #1 Okay me too. # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # {NW} Interviewer: What about if it's a woman you'd say it's 490: it's her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if it's two people or more you'd say aw that's just 490: Them. Interviewer: Okay. Let's say comparing how tall you are you might say well he's not as tall as 490: I. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or the other way around you might say I'm not as tall as 490: uh he. I do do that #1 properly. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: {NW} Interviewer: Whatever properly means. 490: Yeah {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh comparing how well you can do something you might say well he can do it better than 490: I can. Interviewer: And if a let's say a man had been running for oh three miles or so and he couldn't three miles was as much as he could do. You would say that three miles is the 490: Limit. Interviewer: Talking about possessives in pronouns if uh something belongs to me I say that's 490: Mine. Interviewer: If it belongs to you I would say that's 490: Yours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to him I'd say that's 490: His. Interviewer: And to her. 490: Hers. Interviewer: And to them. 490: Theirs. Interviewer: And what about if uh several people own something together collectively uh and you wanted to know if they owned this particular thing. What would you ask them you might say well is that 490: Yours. Interviewer: #1 Is that yours. # 490: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: #1 Is that # 490: #2 Y'all's. # Interviewer: #1 Y'all's. Uh-huh. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Have you ever heard that uh in another form maybe is that uh is that y'all's's? 490: Y'all's's Interviewer: You ever heard that? 490: Yeah. I've heard it but I n- not much that's usually it's just is that y'all's. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. What about if uh I had been to a party and you didn't get to go uh and you wanted to know about everybody that was there you would ask me 490: Who all was there. Interviewer: And if I had uh gone to church and you didn't get to go one Sunday and you wanted to know what the preacher had to say everything he said you'd ask what? 490: What all'd he say. Interviewer: Let's say if uh if nobody else will look after them you might say they've got to look after 490: Themselves. Interviewer: Or if nobody else will do it for him he's gotta do it 490: Himself. Interviewer: Tell me about some different uh types of bread that you know about. 490: Uh well loaf bread that comes when you buy it in a loaf from the store. {D: Tom} my husband calls it white bread. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Um I've always said loaf bread and then um there's hard rolls and um brown syrup rolls and um bread. Bread. Rye bread. Wheat bread. Pumpernickel. Not much around here though I don't like it much. Black bread. Uh I made uh Sally bread. Cornbread. We eat cornbread a lot. Muffins. Cornbread muffins and cornbread in the skillet. And um yeast rolls I make them every once in a while and have luck sometimes and not luck other times. Um let's see. Um What other kind of bread do I make. Interviewer: What about these things you might have for breakfast? 490: Uh Interviewer: Cut up and butter 'em you know. 490: Cut 'em and butter 'em. English muffins? Interviewer: #1 Muffins are uh # 490: #2 I have those # Interviewer: #1 Uh sometimes you can # 490: #2 Cinnamon rolls sometimes. # Interviewer: buy these things uh with the dough already prepared you know. 490: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 The tubes. # 490: Yeah. That's too expensive I don't waste my money that way {C: laughing} With the little uh Pillsbury man that comes out and you punch him in the stomach yeah. They're all the gimmicks that are on television my son's always wanting me to buy it but I don't I don't invest in those much. Cinnamon rolls or the things that come in a in the can cause they're rather expensive. Interviewer: You mentioned cornbread. Uh can you prepare that uh differently. Make different types of 490: Um. I have put like hot pepper in it Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 you know # and corn for Mexican corn bread. But we don't care for that much and uh sometimes I put a little bit more sugar in it than I do like if I'm having something that I for instance if if we're having a a light supper and I just have vegetables and maybe fry some bacon or something I'm then I'll put a little bit more sugar in the cornbread because we use the cornbread sort of as a part of the you know main part of the meal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But if I have a large s- supper then I don't you know just very little sugar. It's just according to how I feel about it you know. But um I always use um buttermilk and eggs in my cornbread because I like the rich taste. I my mother-in-law takes meal and flour I mean meal and water and makes cornbread and that tastes like stone to me. Interviewer: {NW} 490: It's really bad. But that's what she always she likes it that way. She was you know that's the way she was raised and um but I like it with an egg and buttermilk and a little sugar and meal. Interviewer: Well what about these things uh they're fairly small kind of round uh have onion in 'em. 490: Oh yeah. Interviewer: People eat 'em with fish 490: #1 Hushpuppies. # Interviewer: #2 Hushpuppies. # 490: I love hushpuppies. When they're done right. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 They can # be sorry when they're not Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Oh whee. And I can just eat hushpuppies by themselves you can tell by look- {C: slapping} {NW} Interviewer: Oh really. 490: Oh I love hushpuppies. Interviewer: What about uh um have you ever heard of any type of cornbread that uh perhaps used to be made uh in front of the fireplace or in the ashes or something like that? Cooked that way. 490: In the ashes. I know what you're talking about I've read that about th- {D: knows} but I don't know what they called it. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of ash cake? 490: No. Interviewer: Never heard of ash cake. 490: Johnny cake. Interviewer: Johnny cake. What's that? 490: I don't know. Interviewer: {D: That one} 490: #1 I've got a book named # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: Johnny cake hole. Interviewer: Oh. 490: I never read the book {D: though} in the library Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well what about uh now what you're talking about is cornbread is this big round thing 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 that you make and # 490: Well I put it in different molds. I sometimes i- I always use iron skillet when I make cornbread though. My grandmother when I married t- took three or four iron skillets and broke them in for me #1 cause you know you can't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: use them when they're new. I mean you can but it {D: the your} food sticks. And I have a small one that I pour and we like cornbread thin and crisp. We don't like it Interviewer: #1 I see. # 490: #2 real {D: ti- hall} {C: correcting self} # tall and doughy like. And I like it thin and crisp and then sometimes I also have a uh corn pone Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: mold. You know the oblongs like the pones have and then I have a muffin pan, so it's just according to whether how I feel or which one I reach when I {D: go out} which one I can touch when I get in the cabinet and pull it out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of a corn dodger? 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What is that? 490: Uh I don't know that's a western you know isn't that more of a western term thing #1 And they uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: That's true} # 490: I think th- don't they they have a special mold for that. Like a dodger. Interviewer: I'm not a cornbread connoisseur so I 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 I{NW} # 490: I don't know. Dodgers. I'm no- do you know where hushpuppies got its name? Interviewer: Hmm-mm. 490: I read one time that um in the Southern part of the United States that they would have um go out on hunting parties you know like possum hunts and things like that. And at night then the men would like if they were fishing or night fishing or whatever then they would eat you know what they have like if they have possum then they'd eat the possum you know sit around early morning hours and everything and they build up a fire and they always took their dogs with them you know possum hunting. And they would take cornbread and water you know and mix it together. And fried any of the fish grease or the possum grease or whatever it was that they'd eaten {NW} And the dogs would sit there and bay you know and w- and want some of the cornbread and they'd throw 'em to 'em and they'd say hush puppy. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 And throw it to 'em. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Now that's supposed to be # where the hushpuppy came from. Just meal and water fried in grease you know. And they'd give it to the dogs to make 'em hush. And I read that to be true. In P- in the Pat Gunn's tales of Tennessee. You know of Pat Gunn? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {D: You know} well anyway # he's supposed to be Poet Laureate of Tennessee and that's one of his tales. Now I don't know whether that's true or not. Interviewer: Well it sounds uh 490: #1 It sounds uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 reasonable {D: to me}. # 490: {NW} Interviewer: Talking about bread some people say there's just two types of bread. Uh the kind you make at home you call homemade bread and then the type that you buy at the #1 store called # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Store bought. Interviewer: Store bought bread. 490: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What about # 490: #2 Not store bought # Store bought {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Store bought {C: pronunciation}. 490: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {D: Say again} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 490: #2 # Interviewer: The folks in {D: Calguard} gotta go. 490: {NW} Interviewer: What about uh these things are round uh have a hole in the middle. 490: #1 Doughnuts. # Interviewer: #2 Fried. # You ever heard those called anything else? 490: Mm. Don't think so. Interviewer: Can you take just a a lump of that doughnut batter and cook it like that with no mold? 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What is that? 490: Doughnut with no hole. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 I don't know I never # A lot of my l- a lot of mine turn out that way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Without the hole. Interviewer: This is uh something that Donald said he wanted yesterday for breakfast. 490: Pancakes. Interviewer: You ever heard those called anything else? 490: Uh-huh. Flapjacks. but we call 'em pancakes. Interviewer: What about hot cake? 490: Hot cakes. Yeah. In restaurants I think you know they on the menu mostly they say hot cakes on the menu. Interviewer: About how much uh flour would you say comes in a sack about that size? 490: Five. No ten. That's a ten pound bag. Interviewer: {D: And the} what about uh the two parts of a of an egg. There's the 490: White and the yolk. Interviewer: And the yolk is what color? 490: Yellow. Interviewer: Could you tell me about a few ways of uh cooking eggs preparing eggs. 490: Alright. Uh scrambled eggs sunny side up. Um okay then the fried. And um poached. Um. Another way. Boiled. hmm. Scrambled poached fried, sunny side up. Mm. I don't know is that all I can think of I think. Interviewer: That covers it. 490: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call this piece of meat that you might uh cook along with your greens? 490: hog's jaw Interviewer: #1 Does that have # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: much lean on it? 490: No. It's mostly fat. Uh. I suppo- {C: faint, cuts off} Interviewer: {D: Can't matters do you have anything} 490: Uh-uh. Interviewer: #1 Or a little shrimp boat downtown. # 490: #2 Uh-uh. # We've been {NW} it's been a long time since I've been to Panama City. Um. To eat. Interviewer: {D: Okay} 490: Now wait a minute let's see. Is is that Panama City that's on the other side of Santa Rosa Island? That's not Panama City Interviewer: #1 It's in it's in the panhandle # 490: #2 is it what's that? # Interviewer: #1 in the western part. # 490: #2 Yeah oh okay that's # bound to be Panama C- is there a place down there s- sorta like a Spanish Quarter. They've building up {D: and it's old} down on the Wharf. Is that is Panama City where the that's Pensacola I'm #1 thinking about. Not Panama City okay. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: Pensacola has a a new area down there that they have um built up {X} like an old warehouses and everything and it's Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 490: #2 it's a # fantastic place. They have a real nice restaurant that has an open air courtyard and then there's an alley that runs between 'em and then there's bars and disco #1 places and everything. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: It's a really a nice place. Interviewer: #1 {X} long time # 490: #2 It's not the # not called Spanish quarter I've forgotten what it's called but it's something like that I mean it {D: makes you} got a lot of wrought iron and things like that but from the outside Interviewer: Yeah. 490: it look really looks raunchy. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 But on the inside it is really fantastic. # Really nice. Interviewer: Yeah. uh let's see. Oh if you wanted to buy uh a lot of bacon uh a whole piece of it you'd call that a 490: Side. Interviewer: Now is uh smoked meat is not necessarily the same thing as bacon is it? 490: Mm-mm. Interviewer: You can have just about 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 any type of meat smoked. # 490: Uh-huh. We like uh our hams smoked and uh that's country ham Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 you know one of those smoked # salt it down and everything. and we're fiends on that Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 490: #2 but it's gotten so # so expensive it's really a treat. Interviewer: Mm. 490: Um I have a s- funny story about country ham Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: These friends of my father's live in California and uh he is originally from someplace around in Tennessee but his wife is uh from the north and yet they're living in California now. Well daddy and mother sends 'em a country ham about five years ago for Christmas. Which they had done something special for mother and daddy and they were retaliating you know by Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 sending 'em the country ham. # And it had mold on it and they threw it away because it was molded. Interviewer: Oh my goodness. 490: And it was about you know about forty dollars worth of ham Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # And they threw it away. {C: laughing} They didn't know any different. And uh Interviewer: It's ham {X} 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: And then so then the a little while after that mother and daddy sent them some packages of country ham and she boiled it was sliced and she boiled it and then fried it. She didn't know how to cook it {C: laughing} {X} Interviewer: #1 {D: keep your ham safe.} # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 That's right {C: laughing} # But anyway daddy and mother explained it to me that you don't throw away country ham if it's got mold on it. Just scrape off the mold and go on cause that's what makes it good. Interviewer: {D: Could've known that from} experience with cheese. #1 Maybe they threw that out too # 490: #2 Yeah uh I guess so # Interviewer: What do you call this highly seasoned meat uh some people have for breakfast. Comes in patties and links. 490: Sausage. Interviewer: What do you call a man who sells meat exclusively. 490: Butcher. Interviewer: And if meat's been kept too long you say it's done what? 490: Spoiled. Interviewer: And what about this meat that you can uh that people make from the meat from a hog's head? 490: Souse. {NW} Interviewer: Don't like that stuff? 490: No. Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything else? 490: Souse. Souse meat. Interviewer: Ever heard head cheese? 490: Head cheese. Interviewer: Head cheese. 490: Oh that's worse than souse. {NW} Interviewer: {D: You heard of it?} 490: No I've never heard of it. Interviewer: Delightful name. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about have you ever heard about making anything from um grinding up and cooking the hog liver? 490: Mm-mm. I don't think so. What's that called? Interviewer: Well some people call it liverwurst. 490: Oh. Thought that was cheese. Interviewer: This is a delightful dish right here I'm gonna ask you about. Have you ever heard of people making anything out of hog's blood? 490: No. Interviewer: Blood pudding. 490: Oh no. {NW} That's awful. Interviewer: It happens. Uh this one have you ever heard of taking s- the juice from the the souse mixing it up with some hog meat and uh cornmeal and cooking it that way? 490: Huh-uh. Interviewer: What about if you had uh kept your butter too long and uh it didn't taste good. 490: Rancid. Interviewer: You'd said rancid. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people describe the taste as funky. 490: Mm-hmm. {NW} Everything's funky around here. {NW} That's my eight year old's favorite word right now. Interviewer: #1 Wh- what does he think about it? # 490: #2 Funky. # Oh that he doesn't like it. That it's bad. It tastes bad. Or it's it's something that doesn't appeal to him or something like that. Interviewer: What do you call this thick sour milk that women sometimes keep on hand in the kitchen 490: Buttermilk. Interviewer: Buttermilk. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is there anything else something like that might be called? 490: Clabbered Interviewer: Yeah. 490: It's clabbered. Clabbered and buttermilk are two different things though. Interviewer: {NW} 490: Clabbered is not good. Interviewer: #1 Well c- can you make anything # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: from it? 490: From clabbered milk? There are some recipes that call for it but I've never Interviewer: #1 Can you make cottage # 490: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: #1 cheese out of it? # 490: #2 Yeah you can # but it's easier to go to the store. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Well what about after a farmer has milked his cows. What do you say he does to it to get the impurities out? 490: Homogenize? Interviewer: #1 Or? # 490: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 Something separate in that # 490: #2 Not homogenizes # Interviewer: if he just pours it through one of these. 490: Strains it. Interviewer: Yeah. This is a dessert that's uh I guess similar to a pie except it's prepared in a deep dish. 490: Cobbler. Interviewer: Cobbler. Interviewer: If someone has a good appetite you might say that well he sure does like to put away his 490: food. Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything else? Maybe an old fashioned term. 490: {X} Interviewer: #1 {D: middles} # 490: #2 {NW} # vittles Yeah. Interviewer: Heard that. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what about this sweet liquid that you might pour over a gingerbread or something like that 490: Syrup. Interviewer: Syrup or Or uh. If you were cooking pork or something like that you're barbecuing you make some barbecue 490: Sauce. Interviewer: Sauce. What about food that you eat between meals. 490: #1 Snacks. # Interviewer: #2 What do you call. Snack. # 490: Garbage. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # That's what I tell Don he's not gonna eat anymore of that garbage. that's just bad for you. Interviewer: Now what about the the verb eat. The past is 490: Ate. Eaten. Interviewer: And let's see if it's a a hot day instead of drinking uh some carbonated drink or something like that you might just go to the sink and get yourself a 490: Drink of water. Interviewer: And you'd pour that in 490: Glass Interviewer: And the verb drink the past is 490: Drank. Drunk. Interviewer: If you're having some company for dinner and they're all standing around the table you might tell them well just go ahead and 490: have a seat. Interviewer: And that verb sit in the past is 490: Sat. Interviewer: #1 And the # 490: #2 Sat. # Interviewer: And if you don't want someone to wait let's say until something's passed to them you might say well just go ahead and 490: Help yourself. Interviewer: And that word help the past is 490: Helped. Helped. Interviewer: And if you decide not to eat something when it's offered you you say well 490: No thank you. Interviewer: What do you say what do you uh call food that's been cooked and served the second time. 490: Warmed over. Interviewer: You say you're having 490: Warmed o- warm o- let's see Warm overs. No not warm overs. Having. {NW} I can't think of what I say. Let's see uh we're having warmed overs Warmed overs. I guess I do that sounded strange when I said it but Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 I guess that's what I say # Warmed over. Interviewer: Do you ever say leftovers. 490: Leftovers yeah but Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 Leftovers. # Interviewer: When you begin to eat something you put it in your mouth and begin to 490: Chew. Interviewer: What about this stuff that uh some people make with cornmeal boiling water with some salt and eat it that way. You ever heard of anything 490: #1 Mush. # Interviewer: #2 like that. # Mush. 490: {NW} You can tell by my expressions what I like and what I don't like don't you Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything besides 490: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 mush. # 490: {NW} Interviewer: Ever heard is called cush? 490: Cush? uh-uh. Interviewer: What do you call the small plot that you might have around the house where you grow vegetables 490: Garden. Interviewer: And what is this food that uh people here in the south especially like to eat usually for breakfast it's white you know 490: Grits. Interviewer: Grits. And what about the the whole kernels of corn. 490: hominy Interviewer: {D: Harney} And that starchy food that uh grows in Louisiana. Big deal. 490: Rice. Interviewer: What about homemade uh alcoholic beverage what have you heard that called? 490: Homemade alcoholic beverage. Wine. Interviewer: Wine. 490: {NW} Got some elderberry and some blackberry. #1 Some of it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 490: not too good som- we d- we're learning. Summer by summer we're learning. Interviewer: #1 Yeah I've tried my hand at that. # 490: #2 We're improving as we go along. # Interviewer: Several years ago. I guess I was still in high school friend of mine and I tried to make some kind of wine I forget what it was. {D: What did we make out of it} I think muscadine. 490: Oh. Interviewer: But it turned to vinegar. {NW} 490: {X} {NS} excuse me. {C: ringing} {X} Interviewer: Let's see uh if something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nostrils you say mm that sure does 490: Smell good. Interviewer: You mentioned syrup a minute ago. Is there anything uh similar to syrup to you but maybe a little bit different 490: Honey. Honey syrup. Interviewer: What about molasses? 490: Molasses #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 as # syrup and molasses are they the same to you or different? 490: No. We I use only molasses when we have hot biscuits. I don't like molasses on pancakes or things like that I we like maple syrup on pancakes. Molasses is really thicker and heavier and just completely different taste has a sorghum taste to it where the other Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 maple. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about if I have a a belt that's made out of cow hide pure cow hide. I might say now this isn't imitation cow hide it's 490: Leather. It's for real. Interviewer: Or. 490: The real thing. Interviewer: #1 The real # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Another adjective might be uh it's genuine. 490: Genuine. Interviewer: What about sugar that's not sold in prepackaged form but maybe straight out of the barrel. You say it's been sold how? 490: I don't have any idea. never bought any that way. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that it's being sold in bulk or 490: Oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 Loose or something like that. # 490: #2 Mm. # {X} I'm not familiar with it that way. Interviewer: What about uh these uh uh condiments that everyone has on table in shakers they have 490: Salt. Pepper. Interviewer: If uh let's say if I have a a bowl of apples and peaches and I offer it to you. You might say well I'll take a carrot for a peach but 490: Perhaps an apple. Interviewer: Now what about if you're uh trying to instruct somebody as to how to do something you might say well now don't do it that way do it 490: This way. Interviewer: What would you say the opposite of rich is? 490: Poor. Interviewer: And what about uh if a man has a lot of peach trees together you call that 490: An orchard. Interviewer: {NW} Talking about rich and poor I might say well when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 490: Had a lot of money. Interviewer: Or in terms of having a father. When I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 490: Whose father was rich. Interviewer: Do you remember that tr- uh tree that George Washington 490: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 was supposed to have # chopped down? 490: Cherry tree. Interviewer: What do you call the inside 490: #1 The pits. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 490: #1 Stone. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: Cherry stone too I've heard it's called stone. Interviewer: What about the inside of a peach. 490: That's a stone. Interviewer: Stone. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You know some peaches in some peaches the meat is is tight against the stone 490: Cling. Cling #1 peaches. # Interviewer: #2 what a # bout the other kind? 490: Free stone. Interviewer: Free stone. What do you call the part of an apple that's left after you eat what you want of it? 490: Core. Interviewer: Is there anything you can make from by cutting up apples and peaches and letting the parts to dry? 490: Mm-hmm. Um. Fried fried peach pies and fried apple pies and everything from the dried peaches. Interviewer: Is that just what you call the parts just dried. Apples. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And dried peaches. #1 Or whatever. # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 # 490: #2 # Interviewer: And what about these tell me about some different types of nuts that grow around here. 490: Okay. We have pecans. Walnuts. Hickory nuts. Um. Nuts. Pecans walnuts hickory nuts {C: whispering} Acorns. {NW} all the wild things Acorns um. {X} Nuts. I don't know I think that's Interviewer: Any of these that grow in the ground you know? Sometimes farmers raise a lot of them I don't 490: #1 Peanuts. # Interviewer: #2 know if you raise much around here. # 490: {NW} Our national. {NW} The national peanut. Yes. We don't have many peanuts growing around here though. Interviewer: You ever heard of peanuts called anything else? 490: Goobers. Interviewer: Goobers. What about this nut uh it's part of I'm sure it doesn't grow around here but it's available during Christmas time in stores. Kind of long and 490: Brazil nut. Interviewer: Brazil nut. Or 490: Almonds. Interviewer: #1 What about this # 490: #2 Cashews. # Interviewer: Yeah. What about this fruit that grows uh {D: like} in Florida. {D: A new bride gets} 490: An orange. Interviewer: Yeah. And uh this this is a root vegetable. It's red. Kinda small. Real hot and peppery. Tasting. And I think a relish is called horse 490: Horse radish. Horse radish. Radish. Oh a radish. {NW} I didn't know what you were talking Interviewer: And what about these uh these big red things that you have uh grow 'em with the uh vines you know the plants. Lot of people 490: #1 Tomatoes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Is there a small variety about that size. 490: Cherry tomato's what we call those. Interviewer: And what about different types of uh potatoes. 490: {NW} Sweet potatoes. Or yams. We don't call them yams much though. Uh sweet potatoes and white potatoes. Red potatoes new potatoes. Interviewer: #1 What's a new potato? # 490: #2 {NW} # New potatoes are red potatoes it's just like this and in the spring when y- when your snap beans and new potatoes come in and it's good cooked together. Interviewer: What about this vegetable that will always make you cry if you 490: An onion. Interviewer: Peel it yeah. 490: My daddy calls it onion. Interviewer: A what? 490: Onion. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 490: {NW} For some reason I don't know why. Interviewer: What about the small variety with a stalk. 490: Uh. {NW} Green onions. Interviewer: It's called 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 green onion. # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Now what about this uh vegetable uh it's green. Long and slender. About that size. Uh you can cut it up and fry it or boil it. Gets a little slimy when it's boiled. 490: Okra. Interviewer: Yeah. Or if if you leave an apple around in the sun it's gonna dry up and 490: Shrivel. {C: sounds like swivel} Interviewer: What about this uh leafy vegetable that uh 490: Lettuce. #1 Cabbage. # Interviewer: #2 Or? # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # You mentioned beans a minute ago what about some different types. 490: Um the snap beans. Green beans. Butter beans. Um. Great northern beans. Dried beans. Pinto beans. Um. Yellow beans. Um what other kind of beans. Green beans. Green beans snap greens. Same thing. Interviewer: {X} 490: Um. What kind of beans. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 Kidney beans. # Interviewer: You mentioned butter beans. When you after you pick the butter beans you have to bring 'em in and 490: Shell 'em. Interviewer: I meant to ask you. When you mentioned walnut a minute ago. {D: What you} call that hard cover around the 490: #1 A shell. # Interviewer: #2 walnut. # And what about the part that might stain your hands when you pick 'em? 490: I don't know what that um shell. Husk. Not husk. We call that I don't know. We have to crack that rough part and then get down to the other part so you can get to the other part. Interviewer: #1 {D: Well} maybe the hull. # 490: #2 I don't know what that's called. # Interviewer: #1 Do you call it that? # 490: #2 Hull I guess. Hull. # Interviewer: What about uh if you uh take the tops of some turnips and cook 'em that way. Say you're cooking a mess of 490: Turnip greens. Interviewer: You ever heard that called 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 anything else? # 490: Turnip greens. Sallet. Interviewer: How would you how would you uh buy lettuce. You buy it by the 490: Head. Interviewer: Have you ever heard a person refer to his children as so many head of children? 490: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 No. No. # Interviewer: What about if uh if a man has seven boys and seven girls in his family. Referring to the number you'd say he had a whole 490: whole lot. Whole bunch. Too many. {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard people say he had a whole passel 490: #1 Whole passel of children. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: Yup. Interviewer: What do you call the outside cover of a uh piece of corn? 490: #1 Husk. # Interviewer: #2 That you have to # And what about the top the thing that grows out the top. 490: Silks. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as the as what you now the silk isn't that what you have to brush off 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 the uh # 490: #1 whole down the kernels # Interviewer: #2 and there's something # kinda different from the silk that grows out the top of the ear 490: They're silks I don't know whether called something else or not. Interviewer: You ever heard it called the tassel? 490: Tassels. Yeah. But now what we usually call the tassel is when uh when the corn grows up and then the things that come out the top of the of the corn stalk itself we call that's when it's tasseling out. Then you know that your corn you know it's beginning to form and everything. And but when your silks turn brown the ear then it's time to pick the corn. Interviewer: Any special names for uh for corn that's uh tender enough to eat right off the cob? You ever heard that called anything? In particular. 490: You mean b- without cooking it? Just eating it? #1 Or cooking it? # Interviewer: #2 Not necessarily. # 490: Just corn on the cob? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of roasted ears? 490: Roasting ears yeah. Sweet corn. {NW} Interviewer: What about this big round thing that people buy around Halloween 490: Pumpkin Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And this is another kind of vegetable. It's uh usually yellow. Crooked neck. 490: Squash. Interviewer: What about some different kinds of melons 490: #1 Melons. # Interviewer: #2 that grow around here. # 490: Okay. Watermelons. Cantaloupe. Honeydews. Um. Cantaloupe. I don't know. Cantaloupe. Honeydews. Watermelons. Interviewer: Different colored meats for the watermelon? 490: Uh-huh. Um the yellow and the red but most of it's around around here is people grow red. Red meat. Interviewer: #1 Any way to tell # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what kind of uh what color it what it is without cutting it? 490: Mm. Seem like the the yellow m- meat watermelon has is lighter in color and more a solid color whether they the green uh red interior is striped {D: whatever that is} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 My daddy # Interviewer: Okay. Let's see. Oh yeah. Uh. Sometimes you see these things growing wild in people's yards. Have a slender stalk and the top of 'em. Kind of spreads out. Looks like an umbrella when it's open. 490: Um. #1 Some kind of apple. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 Is that what I'm talking about? # Interviewer: #2 Uh well it # grows just grows right there. You know. 490: Yeah {NW} Oh. I know what you're talking about. Sometimes they have a little yellow ball on it I mean green ball on 'em and it's some kind of apple. And that's just a it's a like a crabapple. Not a crabapple but some- I don't know. I've forgotten. They have a fruit on them if you let 'em grow long enough. Interviewer: That's I think. I think you're thinking about something else. 490: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Some of the} # had mushroom in mind. 490: Oh a mushroom oh okay I thought you was talking about those li- gr- oh okay. Interviewer: Is there a variety is is there something like a mushroom that's little different that's not good to eat? 490: #1 Mushrooms are a little bit different. # Interviewer: #2 Ever heard that called. Yeah. # Make you sick if you eat it. 490: #1 Poison mushrooms is all I can think of # Interviewer: #2 Heard it called # Ever heard it called a toad 490: #1 Toadstool. # Interviewer: #2 stool. # 490: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that a variety that you think of as uh 490: No. Oh. That you mean is necessarily poisonous? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: No I just I don't know enough about the mushrooms to tell the difference #1 but # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 490: I we usually we call 'em mushrooms instead of toadstools. Interviewer: What about if a man has a very sore throat he's tryna eat something. Might say well I'd like to I'd like to eat that but I just can't 490: Swallow. Interviewer: What about these things that people smoke some people smoke 490: Cigarettes. Interviewer: #1 Or. # 490: #2 Cigars. # Pipes. Interviewer: What about if uh oh there are a lot of people at a party and somebody was playing piano they might all gather round and then begin 490: Singing. Interviewer: Or somebody told a funny story they might all start 490: Laughing. Interviewer: If uh somebody offers to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I don't want to be 490: Um. I don't wanna be a burden. Or I don't wanna cause a problem or I don't wanna be obligated to you Interviewer: Or if somebody ask you to do a certain job you might say well sure I 490: Wouldn't mind doing that. Interviewer: Kay. Or if you're not able to do something you might say well I'd like to but I 490: I Just can't. Interviewer: What about uh if uh If you're refusing to do something in a very strong way you might say well now I don't care how many times you ask me to do that I 490: Just not going to do it. Interviewer: Or something else you might say uh kinda contracted form of will not I just 490: Won't do it. Interviewer: Or Well what do you call this uh this bird that you find around these parts that's supposed to be able to see in the dark? 490: A bird. That sees in the dark. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Goes hoot. 490: Oh an owl. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Are there different types that you call that? # 490: #2 Uh-huh. # Barn owl. Snowy owl. Um. Hoot owl. Interviewer: What about the little one that makes this high pitched noise. 490: A little owl with a high #1 pitched noise. # Interviewer: #2 A little smaller # than a hoot owl anyway. 490: Screech owl. Interviewer: Screech owl. And this bird that drills holes in trees 490: Woodpecker. Interviewer: Heard that called 490: Peckerwood. Interviewer: Peckerwood. 490: {NW} Interviewer: You ever heard a person call 490: #1 Uh-huh. Oh you # Interviewer: #2 somebody else a peckerwood. # 490: Peckerwood. Interviewer: #1 What does that mean? # 490: #2 He does that a lot. # I don't know it's a just a uh {NW} I don't think it's a derogatory term it's just sort of a friendly Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Friendly term you peckerwood. Interviewer: What about this animal it's uh black with a white stripe down its back. 490: Skunk. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything else? 490: Uh pole cat. Interviewer: Pole cat. Is there any general term or {D: conference} of term that a person might use to refer to animals that are bad about getting into your hen roost and killing your chickens like weasels or pole cats or possum something like that. {D: You said they're just oh} 490: Varmints. Interviewer: What about this this little animal with a bushy tail that runs around in trees. 490: Squirrel Interviewer: Different types? 490: Brown squirrel gray squirrel flying squirrel red squirrel Interviewer: Y- is there another name for a red squirrel? 490: Fox. Interviewer: #1 Fox squirrel. # 490: #2 Fox squirrel. # Interviewer: Is there some animal like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees, burrows holes 490: #1 Chipmunk. # Interviewer: #2 in the ground. # Chipmunk. 490: Shorter tail. Interviewer: What about some different uh types of freshwater fish around here. 490: Okay. Uh we have bass large mouth and small mouth. crappie. Um see crappie I'm not much of a fisherman so I don't know much about it. the bass and the crappie. brim Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: Um catfish. Catfish. Yummy. Um. No I guess that's all I know. Interviewer: Okay. And what about some seafood that's available in stores around here. 490: Uh shrimp. Every once in a while. Fresh oysters every once in a while. Uh. Interviewer: #1 How how do you like to eat those. # 490: #2 Not much lobster. # I don't like shrimp except fried. It's the strangest thing. I'll eat anything else Interviewer: Don't like boiled shrimp 490: No I don't I really don't care for them. Um I I love oysters raw and Interviewer: #1 That's really repulsive to a lot of people. # 490: #2 {D: rock fowl}. I know. # But I love them. But I don't like boiled shrimp and I like scallops. And uh any kind of seafood really. Snapper. I really like lobster. Some not much. And um Shrimp and lobster taste a lot alike to me I know lobster's supposed to be a lot better. {NW} Um. Let's see what other kind of seafood. Um Ocean perch. I like all the you know the fish. Interviewer: Okay. What about this animal what about this animal that uh stays around {D: ponds} a lot. Makes a croaking noise. 490: Uh. Bullfrog. Um. Interviewer: What about the ones that stay round your garden all the way in pretty much. 490: They're just frogs or toads. Interviewer: Toads. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about these tiny one uh don't get much bigger than that. Um. Some people say they're supposed to come out after a storm. 490: {D: No.} Interviewer: You heard of uh tree frog? 490: Tree frogs yeah they have the suction on their Interviewer: Yeah. 490: On their feet. Interviewer: What about things that people might use for bait when they go fishing? 490: Uh nightcrawlers or um roaches. Worms. Earthworms. Uh some people use cheese. {NW} Supposed to t- attract a certain kind of fish. Uh. Crickets. Interviewer: What about these little fish 490: Uh. Minnows. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I've heard of people catching catfish with soap before. 490: Soap. Interviewer: Yeah. 490: {NW} Interviewer: If you get 'em going say they'll bite anything. 490: Oh. Interviewer: But usually they'll bite anything as long as it smells {D: dead}. What about uh this animal you can find it in streams. It's uh oh I don't know it's not very big. I think some people eat 'em especially in Louisiana. Uh. Looks kinda like a little lobster. And it's got claws. 490: Crawfish. Or crayfish. Interviewer: What do you call this insect uh that's bad about getting into your clothes and eating holes 490: #1 Moth. # Interviewer: #2 in 'em. # And this insect sometimes you see 'em at night. They flash a light 490: #1 Lightning bugs. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 490: Fireflies. Interviewer: What about this insect. Has a slender body and a transparent transparent wings. Find it around ponds a lot. Sometimes it will light on your pole you know. 490: Dragonfly. Snap uh not snapdragon that's a flower. Dragonfly or a snake doctor. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything besides uh 490: a witch something. My mother in law calls it something that has a witch uh Interviewer: Is that right 490: Witch something. I don't remember what she calls it. She says they're poison. But they're not. Interviewer: You ever heard it called a mosquito hawk? 490: Uh-uh. Interviewer: {X} Wh- what about some uh insects that could sting you? 490: Uh. Wasp hornet yellow jacket mosquito um bumble bee sweat bee Insects. Spider's not an insect. Um #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 What about this insect # that uh makes its nest out of mud 490: #1 uh dirt {D: diver} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Do they sting? 490: I don't think so. Interviewer: What about these insects that might burrow under your skin and make your skin itch. 490: Uh. Uh. Chigger. took me a while to think of it. Interviewer: What about some different types of snakes around here. 490: Uh we have a few rattlesnakes. Not much. Uh. Copper mouth. Cotton mouth. Water moccasin. A lot of them. Interviewer: Mm. 490: I guess you do too Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 down where you live. # And um water moccasin cotton mouth. Um. Chicken snakes. Black racers. Blue racer. Um. Copper head. Mm. The hognose snake. Green snake. Not much {D: happening} green snakes. I don't know where they all are. Interviewer: Mm. 490: {NW} We used to have green snakes all the time. I used to put 'em in jars and put 'em in the freezer and freeze. {NW} Interviewer: Why in the world. 490: {X} course they were dead. Take 'em out and you could bake 'em. That's really gross isn't it. No. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Hmm. I have to {D: relate that} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Used to do that all the time. Interviewer: Still do that? 490: #1 No that was a long {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Now we got to raid your refrigerator. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What about these uh insects that you might see hopping around in your front yard. 490: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: You ever heard those called 490: leafhoppers. A leafhopper's a different thing than a grasshopper though. Grasshopper. Uh. No. Interviewer: You ever heard somebody call it a hopper grass. 490: Hopper grass. Mm-mm. Interviewer: What about these things sometimes they collect in the corners of your ceiling. You have to get a broom and 490: Cobwebs Interviewer: And is that the same thing that you might see outside between two bushes or something like that? 490: That's a spiderweb Interviewer: #1 Spiderweb. # 490: #2 to me. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 Inside {D: where there's} dust is cobweb # Interviewer: There's dust. 490: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the part of the tree that grows underground. 490: root. Interviewer: And the kind of tree that can be tapped for syrup? 490: there's uh maple tree um other kinds of syrup though besides maple. Um. I'm not sure the term for it. Interviewer: #1 Well what about if # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you have uh a lot of maples growing together. You say you had a 490: Stand. Interviewer: Stand. 490: Mm-hmm. Or yeah stand Interviewer: What about uh a kind of tree that has these broad leaves and bark that peels and these little hard balls or knots all over it. 490: Bark that peels. Is that an elm? Beech. Beech tree. Interviewer: Are there any sycamores around here? 490: Sycamore yeah. Interviewer: What other different types of trees 490: #1 Uh the deciduous # Interviewer: #2 {D: Those} are the ones you named. # 490: trees that we have are oak white red pin and um then maple trees and pine trees and cedar trees and dogwoods and um sycamores and uh did I say maple I said maple. Uh poplar. Uh then all the flowering trees that we have are uh-huh redwood not redwood redbud Um trying to think what we've got in our yard. Um. {NW} Oh there's gobs more. Elm beech um hmm got a little scrub tree out there I can't think of what the name of that thing is Um looks like a dog- the leaves look like a dogwood. that's not sycamore that's um it's uh smilax and then there's I don't know more Interviewer: #1 That's pretty good # 490: #2 I can't think {C: laughing} # Interviewer: {D: cross second} Have you ever heard of any type of bush that has uh bright red berries and uh old people were supposed to use it in tanning leather 490: Mm-mm. Interviewer: You ever heard of a plant called the shoemake? 490: Oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 {D: Are those still around here} # 490: #2 But I didn't know they used it in tanning. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: They did. 490: #1 S- we call it # Interviewer: #2 What about # 490: Sumac though Interviewer: {D: Sumac} 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about this uh this stuff that you know that if you get into it'll your skin 490: #1 Uh-huh poison # Interviewer: #2 breakout and itch. # 490: oak. And I am so allergic. Interviewer: Is that right. 490: We got poison oak and poison ivy but ivy's the five leaf and the oak is the three leaf. And I can just take the ivy and do it like that, but the oak. I can just get within a hundred feet of it and I've got it. Interviewer: Yeah. What about some different types of berries that grow around here. 490: Berries. Uh blackberries elderberries uh then the uh berries that grow on poke sallet and I don't know what Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: I don't know what they are poke sallet berries I guess. Um. {X} Trying to think of edible things. Blackberries. We don't have gooseberries and raspberries things like that. We do have boysenberries Um. Interviewer: What do you call this kind type of shortcake that you might have 490: Blueberries. We don't any blueberries in this area. I mean unless somebody set them out, but they're not natural. To the Interviewer: #1 What about # 490: #2 area. # Interviewer: strawberries? 490: Strawberries yeah. Interviewer: You have that. 490: Uh-huh. We have a strawberry festival here in west Tennessee. Interviewer: What about is there any type of laurel that grows around here? 490: Mm. Not that I know of not uh it's not native habitat for the laurel that's mostly in the east Tennessee in the mountains. Interviewer: Any rhododendron. 490: No. East Tennessee. We're off we're sort of flat land down here. Interviewer: What about this big tree that uh see around the South for a good bit was the bright green shiny leaves and the white flowers on it 490: Magnolia Interviewer: What uh what would a a woman who has lost her husband she's a 490: A widow. Interviewer: Any names for a woman who has a whose husband hasn't died but she's just but he's just left her 490: Lucky? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Uh. Let's see. No. Name for a woman who still has a husband who's left her. Hmm. Just. Separated woman I d- I don't know. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called a grass widow? 490: A grass widow yeah. In books. That's something else I've read about but n- we never heard the term used. Somebody that I knew Interviewer: What did you uh call your mother and your father when you were little? 490: Daddy and Mama. Interviewer: What about your grandparents? 490: Grandmother #1 grandaddy. # guy: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # guy: #2 # 490: It's the seventeenth. Interviewer: What about uh. Have you ever heard a a name that a child was called just within his own family. By nobody else. What type of name is that? 490: Nickname. Baby name. {NW} Interviewer: What about this thing that's uh it has wheels. You can put a baby in it. 490: Stroller. Interviewer: Stroller. 490: #1 Mm-hmm. Buggy. # Interviewer: #2 Heard it called anything else. # 490: #1 Baby buggy. # Interviewer: #2 buggy. # 490: {NW} different type of thing though Interviewer: What would you say if you were uh {D: let's see} putting the baby in the in the buggy you'd saying I'm gonna 490: #1 Stroll the baby. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Go out} # 490: push the baby. Stroll the baby. Interviewer: What about uh uh a person's children. Are his sons and his 490: Daughters. Interviewer: Or his boys and his 490: Girls. Interviewer: And if a woman is about to have a baby you'd say she's what? 490: Pregnant. Interviewer: Anything else? 490: Uh. Uh. I don't know I've heard 'em say she's hatching I can't Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 stand that. That's just gross. # Interviewer: And some people might think pregnant is too crude a term to use so they might try to soften it up and say something else 490: Just gonna have a baby. Interviewer: #1 Gonna have a baby or # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Gonna be expecting # 490: #2 Um # Expecting yeah. Interviewer: Ever heard anybody say she's in a family way? 490: Yeah. An old term too. {NW} Interviewer: Any type of {D: milking or jocular} term that uh guy: {X} 490: a joking term. Mm. My father and brother said I was gonna calf Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 and I stopped that. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 I said that's that's really pathetic. # then when his wife was pregnant he didn't say #1 that # Interviewer: #2 oh # #1 Naturally. # 490: #2 She stopped it. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Sure. # I don't know what are you talking about Interviewer: #1 Well one fellow told me # 490: #2 when you said jokingly. # Interviewer: that uh she swallowed a pumpkin seed 490: Oh. Interviewer: That kind of thing. 490: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 490: {NW} Interviewer: If uh if a woman's gonna have a baby and there's not a doctor around the woman that might be sent for 490: midwife. Interviewer: Heard call heard her called anything else? 490: Uh. Midwife. hmm. Interviewer: Heard her called the granny woman? 490: Granny woman. Yeah. Interviewer: What about if a boy has the same color hair as his father the same color eyes and his nose is shaped the same you say the boy 490: Looks just like his father. Interviewer: And what about uh a woman who has looked after three children till they're grown up you say that she's three children she's 490: Raised. incorrect {NW} Interviewer: What about if to a child who's misbehaved you might say well now you do that again I'm give you a good 490: Spanking. Interviewer: Well what about the verb grow. The past is 490: Grew. Grown. Interviewer: What about a child that's born to an unmarried woman You would call that a 490: Illegitimate child. Interviewer: Any other terms? 490: Uh technically a bastard. But we don't say that. Interviewer: You ever heard 490: #1 It's unkind. # Interviewer: #2 uh # {NW} Have you ever {C: slurred} heard uh a child like that called a woods colt? 490: A woods colt? No. Interviewer: Haven't heard of that. What about uh 490: Born out of wedlock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Ever heard it called a {D: volunteer}? 490: Mm-mm. Interviewer: What about if uh you have a brother and he has a son that would your 490: My nephew. Interviewer: What about a child that's lost both of its parents? That's a 490: Childless. No uh. Orphan. {NW} Interviewer: And the person who's appointed to look after 490: #1 A guardian. # Interviewer: #2 that {D:kid} # If the house is full of people like your cousins and your aunts and your uncles and people like that you say the house is full of your 490: Relatives. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 Kin folks. # Interviewer: Or you might say about somebody who looks a little bit like you and even has the same name as you do you might say well even if that's so I'm really no 490: even if that's so I'm really no. Huh. Interviewer: And we planned it perhaps some 490: #1 Kin. Oh okay. # Interviewer: #2 relationship exists. Yeah. # What would you s- call somebody like me who is comes into town nobody's ever seen him before 490: #1 Stranger. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And somebody who comes in from another country? 490: foreigner. Interviewer: Would you necessarily call somebody a foreigner who's not uh really from another country? 490: Mm-hmm. Even from a- -nother uh state or even from a just another town that had moved in. People say oh they're foreigners now. Interviewer: Foreigner? 490: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} I'm gonna ask you some about some names. Proper names. First names. Uh. Name first names for a girl that begin with the letter M. 490: Okay you want me to think of names Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 for girls. # Alright. Mary. Marian. Meredith. Um Uh Mavis. {NW} Mabel {NW} Uh let's see uh Miranda. I have a ni- niece named Miranda. that was my great-grandmother's name. Uh. Interviewer: What about George Washington's wife. 490: Martha. Interviewer: Okay. What about with the letter N. 490: Letter N. Uh Nicole. Uh Natalie. Um. Nicky um Interviewer: Some of the farmers name their cows 490: Nellie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a a boy's name that begins with B. It's short for William. 490: Bill. Interviewer: Or. 490: Billy. Interviewer: What about uh a man's name that begins with an M this was uh oh well one of the four gospels in the 490: #1 Matthew. # Interviewer: #2 Bible. # Have you ever heard of a woman who teaches school referred to anything particular. Might be an old-fashioned term 490: Schoolmarm Interviewer: School {D: worm}. {NW} What about a married woman whose last name is Cooper. You'd address her as 490: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: You ever heard of a a preacher who was uh really not trained to be a preacher. Really not very good at it. Does something else for a living just does this on the side. You ever heard any sort of derogatory term uh to describe a person like that? 490: Hmm. I can't think Interviewer: Mm. You ever heard of a jack leg preacher. 490: Huh-uh. Interviewer: Haven't heard of that. And what about uh if your mother has a sister that would be your 490: Aunt. Interviewer: Another woman's name that begins with the letter S uh wife of Abraham in the Bible. 490: Sarah. Interviewer: If you have if your father had a brother named William that would be your 490: Uncle Bill. {NW} Interviewer: And if you had one named John. That would be your 490: Uncle John. Interviewer: What about. What did you call the uh uh war that was fought between the North and the South 490: Civil War. Interviewer: Anything else? 490: War between the states. War of the revolution. I don't say that though. {NW} Interviewer: You ever heard it called the war of northern aggression. 490: No. Oh that's a #1 good one. I'll have to # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: remember that. {NW} Interviewer: Who was the commander of the Southern forces. 490: Robert E. Lee. Interviewer: And what was his rank? 490: General. Interviewer: What's the the fellow you see on the TV advertising Kentucky Fried Chicken. 490: Colonel Sanders. Interviewer: And what about uh a person who's in uh charge of a ship. You call him the 490: Captain. Interviewer: And the man who presides over the county court. He's the 490: Uh judge. Interviewer: And a person who goes to college to study he or she is a 490: Student. Interviewer: And the woman who takes care of an executive's paperwork his typing and 490: #1 Secretary. # Interviewer: #2 his filing. # And uh a man who performs on stage. An actor. A woman is called 490: Actress. Interviewer: And our nationality we're 490: Americans. Interviewer: And not very long ago here in the South there used to be separate facilities one for the whites and for the 490: Blacks. Interviewer: What would you do you suppose Blacks would preferred to be called 490: Blacks. Interviewer: Blacks. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a term they definitely would not want to be called 490: Nigger. Interviewer: #1 Any other terms? # 490: #2 Or colored. # They stop they don't like colored anymore. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What used to be the the proper term people thought 490: Proper term. #1 Negroes. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 490: Which they technically are Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What what would you call the child who's born to racially mixed parents? 490: Um. Hmm. Biracial. I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Have you ever heard them called a # 490: #2 {D: Know there's} a more casual term. # Interviewer: mulatto. Something 490: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 like that. # 490: Octoroon and on down the line. {NW} Interviewer: Well what about uh have you ever heard white men white people refer to other white people who are poor, shiftless, lazy, good for nothing by any term in particular 490: Poor white trash. Interviewer: Now would that be the same term that uh uh a black person would use to describe a white people who are like that. Would they have something #1 different # 490: #2 Probably. # Interviewer: Probably the same. 490: They look down on 'em just like Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about somebody who uh is made fun of when he comes into the city say a person from the country doesn't really stand 490: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 there # 490: hick. Interviewer: A hick. 490: Redneck. Interviewer: A redneck. Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard a country person called a hoosier. 490: Hmm-mm. People in Ohio wouldn't like that would. Interviewer: {NW} Uh what about uh have you ever 'em called no podunk. 490: Podunk. No we have uh a little community in Weakley County called Podunk anyway. Interviewer: Is that right? 490: Yeah that and Lickskillet. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Podunk {X} # Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 All kinds of. Podunk as you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: say if somebody's from really you know Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 really {X} Yeah # Go to Podunk high school. {C: interviewer laughing} Interviewer: #1 Is there really. # 490: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # If somebody's really ignorant you say do you go to Podunk high school. Interviewer: Is that like John King Memorial High School? 490: What is that? Interviewer: Oh that's just a local joke. 490: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What about uh let's see uh oh have you ever heard white people referred to as crackers? 490: Mm-hmm. Georgia crackers. Interviewer: Is that uh what's that supposed to mean to carry an insult or uh 490: Uh-huh. Um there's something about that term came from the Civil War but I don't remember That you know when the and the rednecks Georgia rednecks and Georgia crackers Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: The rednecks came when the people were starving to death and they ate the dirt. I know that Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 490: #2 that's supposed to # be where that came from but I don't know about the crackers. Interviewer: Hmm. Okay. What about if uh if the sidewalk is iced over you might say well I managed to keep my balance but I 490: Almost fell. Interviewer: Or somebody's waiting on you to get ready to go somewhere and says uh w- would you hurry up let's go. You might tell them well I'll be with ya in 490: Just a minute. Interviewer: Sounds like that was very familiar 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 Will you wait a minute I'm hurrying # Interviewer: #2 situation. # 490: {NW} Interviewer: Well what about if you're on the if you think you're on the right road but you're not sure the distance that you might ask somebody well how 490: Far is it Interviewer: Or talking about if you wanna know how many times about something you might ask well how 490: I don't understand {X} Interviewer: Well let's say uh you wanna ask somebody how many times you go to Jackson during the week you might ask well 490: How far is it? How f- How many times how many miles Interviewer: #1 Or # 490: #2 How many times. How often. # I got you. okay Interviewer: Well what about if uh if somebody says well I'm not going to vote for so and so for president and you're agreeing with him you might say well 490: #1 Why not. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: Oh neither am I. Interviewer: I'm gonna ask you about a few names for a few parts of the body. This part right up here 490: #1 {D: Thyroid} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And this is my 490: Ear. Head. Hair. {NW} Interviewer: Talking about ears. Is which one is this? 490: {NW} That's your left one. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 This is my # 490: #2 {X} your right one. # Interviewer: Good. And this is my 490: Mouth. Lips. Interviewer: These are my 490: Teeth. Interviewer: And the fleshy part? 490: Gum. Interviewer: Okay um. Plural teeth but singular 490: Tooth. Interviewer: And this is my 490: Neck. Interviewer: Or my 490: Chin. Throat. Interviewer: Yeah. And this thing that uh 490: Adam's apple. Interviewer: You ever heard of that called anything else? 490: Uh yeah. Um. Adam's apple uh uh something else but I can't think of what it is We always say Adam's apple. Interviewer: Ever called goozle? 490: Goozle. Yeah. {NW] Interviewer: One fellow called it his go fetch it. 490: Go fetch it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did I tell you about that? 490: No. Interviewer: #1 # 490: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {D: I think I} understand why # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I guess cause it goes and fetches the food down the throat or something. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I don't know. Wh- # Let's see what if I let let the hair on my face grow out I'm growing a 490: Beard. Interviewer: And this is my 490: Hand. Interviewer: I have two 490: Hands. Interviewer: And this part is the 490: Palm Interviewer: And I make a 490: Fist. Interviewer: And I have two 490: Fists. Interviewer: Sometimes when people get older they complain they're getting a little bit stiff in their 490: Joints. Interviewer: And the part of your body is your 490: Chest. Interviewer: And these are your 490: Shoulders. Interviewer: And uh this is my right 490: Leg. Interviewer: And that's my 490: Foot. Interviewer: And you have two 490: Feet. Interviewer: What about this part right here. 490: Your shin. Interviewer: And what if I this part right here 490: Thigh. Interviewer: Ever heard that called anything else? 490: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Heard people call it their haunches? 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Squat down on their haunches. # 490: Yeah. Interviewer: What about uh say somebody's been sick for a while he's up and around now. You might say well he's up and around now he still looks a little 490: Pale. Bad. Sick. Interviewer: You ever heard people say peaked? 490: Peaked. Yeah. Interviewer: What about the person uh who's very strong and and he's very muscular and can lift heavy weights 490: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 You say he's a real # 490: Muscled up. He's a real Charles Atlas. He's um Heavyweight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what about somebody who uh always has a smile on his face and he never loses his temper. You might say he's mighty 490: Even-tempered. Mild mannered. Interviewer: What about sometimes when a boy's growing up there seems to be a certain age uh at which he just runs into everything you know knocks things over 490: #1 Clumsy. # Interviewer: #2 trips over his own feet. # 490: Clumsy. Interviewer: Or what about a person who just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense. You might just call him a plain 490: Nut. Interviewer: Anything else? 490: um. Make any sense. Interviewer: What about just a plain old fool. 490: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that a pretty strong word to use? 490: the fool. yeah Interviewer: Strong. 490: #1 Pretty strong. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Let's say a person who has a good deal of money, but he hangs onto it 490: #1 Penny pincher. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: Miser. Chintzy. Interviewer: Ever called 490: Stingy. Interviewer: Tight wad? 490: Tightwad. Interviewer: #1 Some {X} # 490: #2 Old scrooge. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: If you were to say that so and so was uh is just a common person what would you mean by that? 490: A common person. Uh well to be a common person is different from being common. Uh a common person is not a- as derogatory a remark as calling somebody common. When you're common you're low life Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 490: But if you're common that's just means everyday ordinary. Interviewer: {X} 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Grandma says. # 490: {NW} Interviewer: Sometimes my grandma says things that startle me. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I was trying to I was trying to get her goat one day and just gross her out. She said Martin {D: you gag a maggot} 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 That is pretty strong for an elderly lady. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} {NW} She's a {X} She'll say go to Guinea. You ever hear that? 490: No. Interviewer: {NW} 490: That's the same thing as Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Kind of a diluted version. 490: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Well what about if uh the children are out later than usual and you might say well I don't suppose there's anything wrong, but I can't help feeling a little 490: Apprehensive or worried about 'em. Interviewer: You wouldn't feel easy you'd feel 490: Mm I'd feel i- uneasy. Interviewer: Now what about somebody who doesn't wanna go upstairs in the dark. You say they're 490: Fraidy cat. And afraid of the dark. Interviewer: Or what about uh how would you describe somebody who leaves a lot of money out in uh open view with the door unlocked. You'd say he's mighty 490: Easy with his m- no not easy with his money no that's something else. He's mighty careless. Interviewer: Oh what about 490: What? son: is it alright if I turn on the TV with no sound 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah that sounds 490: Alright. You're not gonna get much out of it son: I'm gonna watch it 490: Okay. Interviewer: Gotta {X} to you #1 one way or the other # 490: #2 Mm. # Turn it down turn it down. Interviewer: What about uh say if you have an Aunt named Lizzie and she nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzie but she just acts kind of 490: Strange. Interviewer: Would you ever describe uh someone like that by saying she acts kinda queer? 490: Mm-hmm. Weird. Goofy. Interviewer: What about somebody who makes up his mind about something whether he's right or wrong and just refuses to change his mind. 490: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 You say he's mighty # 490: Hard headed. Pig headed. Set in his ways. Interviewer: You ever heard him called mule headed 490: #1 Mule headed. # Interviewer: #2 or something like that? # 490: Hmm. Interviewer: What about somebody who you just can't joke with 'em. Uh without him losing his temper. You say he's mighty 490: Straight laced. Um. Hard to get along with. hmm. Interviewer: You ever heard of somebody like that called a mighty touchy person. 490: Touchy t- yeah Mother says my disposition is showing. Interviewer: {NW} Well what about someone like that you might say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he was gonna get 490: So uptight about it. Interviewer: Or if somebody's about to lose his temper you don't want him to you might say well now just 490: Settle down. Interviewer: Or keep 490: Keep uh keep cool. Interviewer: Okay. Now what about if you've been working all day. You say you're very 490: Tired. Interviewer: And if you're very very tired you're all 490: Pooped out. Interviewer: {NW} Or let's see say you hear somebody's in the hospital. You might say well he was looking fine yesterday when was it he 490: Took sick. Interviewer: Or you might say let's say if you're going somewhere and you're not in any particular hurry you might say oh we'll get there 490: Whenever we get there. Interviewer: You ever heard people say something like uh we'll get there by and by 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You ever hear that? What about if somebody got uh overheated and chilled at the same time. His eyes his nose start running. You'd say he caught a 490: Bad cold. Interviewer: And if it affected his voice you'd say he's a little 490: Hoarse. Interviewer: And if he does that he's got a little 490: Cough. Interviewer: Or uh You might say well I think I'd better go to bed I'm feeling a little 490: Oh little bad. Little Mm queasy little Interviewer: #1 Or if it's # 490: #2 oh # Interviewer: just late in the day you might just be a little 490: Tired. A little worn out. Interviewer: And i- You might go to sleep but at six oh clock you say I'll six oh clock in the morning I'll 490: Feel much better. I'll get up. I'll Interviewer: When you open your eyes you 490: Wake up. Interviewer: {NW} Or you might say well how bout somebody else. He's still sleeping you better go 490: Wake him up. Interviewer: What about the word the verb take. The past is 490: Took. Taken. Interviewer: And if somebody who has trouble hearing you might say just about stone 490: Deaf. Interviewer: And when you start working {D: and} on a hot day during the summer it's not long before you begin to 490: Sweat. Perspire. Interviewer: Some people get these uh places on their skin they're kind of a white spot in the center and red around it. Sometimes they have to mash it to get that white stuff out. 490: Pimple. Interviewer: Call it a pimple. 490: #1 Mm-hmm. Uh blemish. # Interviewer: #2 Heard it called anything else? # 490: Um. Bump. Interviewer: Bump. 490: Mostly bump. Interviewer: {D: Is that about} a boil? 490: Boil yeah boil. Interviewer: What is what is that white stuff that 490: Pus. Interviewer: If somebody is uh trying to do some work with their hands and they're not used to it they'll probably raise some 490: Blisters. Interviewer: What do you call that liquid that's inside a blister 490: Uh it's just some watery stuff. Interviewer: Okay. And uh let's say if uh a bee bites you. Stings you on your hand it might get bigger or it might 490: Swell. Interviewer: What about the past of that word. 490: Swell. It uh swelled and it has swollen. Interviewer: And if somebody uh let's say gets shot in the leg you might have it have to take him to the doctor. So that the doctor could treat the 490: Wound. Interviewer: And if the wound doesn't heal cleanly you might have some kind of white granular type flesh form around it 490: #1 Mm-hmm. Putrid. # Interviewer: #2 What kind of flesh is that? # 490: {NW} Interviewer: You ever heard that called uh proud flesh} 490: Proud uh-huh. Interviewer: What about if you get a cut on your finger and you don't want it to get infected what might you put on it?? 490: Uh disinfectant. Alcohol uh antiseptic. Interviewer: Or some kind of liquid in your medicine cabinet uh kind of a brown stuff. That {D: stinks.} 490: Hydrogen peroxide. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh. {X} 490: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 or # 490: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: and} some kind of # 490: {NW} {X} really uh well not {D: my side left her} Interviewer: #1 This is {X} # 490: #2 Oh # Interviewer: Sometimes when uh if you go to a hospital and uh they have to make x-rays if they want to trace something out they might give you an injection of radioactive 490: {NW} {NW} I know what you're talking about but I cannot say it. thiolate oh Uh I can't I'm just gonna give up Interviewer: Iodine. 490: #1 Iodine # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: I swear I Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 490: #2 couldn't think. # Interviewer: What about this white shade of powder that was taken uh by people who were suffering from malaria. 490: Mm-hmm. Hmm. I've gone blank on everything. I can't even think. Um. {NW} Oh it tasted terrible. Quinine. Interviewer: And what about uh you might uh about a patient uh in the hospital. Well the doctor did everything he could but the patient 490: Died anyway. Interviewer: You ever heard any uh other way of saying that. 490: Expired. Interviewer: Expired. What about maybe some crude kind or jokey type 490: #1 Kick the bucket. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Kick the bucket. 490: Bit the dust. Interviewer: {NW} Or croaked. 490: Yeah. Interviewer: Croak. And what about the the place where people are buried that's the 490: Cemetery. Interviewer: Do you make any distinctions. Say if it's a around somebody's residence just a small area you'd still 490: #1 Mm family graveyard. # Interviewer: #2 call that a cemetery. # {D: graveyard} Oh what about the box that a person is buried in that's the 490: Coffin. Interviewer: And the ceremony for the dead person 490: #1 Funeral # Interviewer: #2 that's a # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And the people who are dressed in black you say they're in 490: Mourners. In mourning. Interviewer: If somebody uh greets you on a on an average day you know with how are you feeling what would you probably say? 490: Fine. Interviewer: And let's say if uh if the children are out late and you're getting a little bit excited about it uh your husband might say well they'll be home alright just don't 490: Worry about it. Don't fret. Interviewer: Fret. 490: Don't get s- bent out of shape. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 That's what he says {C: laughing} # son: {X} 490: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} son: {X} 490: {NW} Interviewer: {D: Went} swimming in the river when you were three years old. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What about uh a person. If a person's getting old uh might say they've got a touch of 490: Old age. Interviewer: #1 Or if you know their joints are aching # 490: #2 {X} touch of gout. # Interviewer: Gout or #1 what else is it that they complain about. # 490: #2 Mm arthritis # got uh rheumatism. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about this disease that would cause your skin to turn yellow? 490: Y- jaundice. Interviewer: And if somebody's getting that severe pain in this area they might 490: Abdominal pain. Interviewer: #1 Or have {X} # 490: #2 Appendix. # Appendicitis. Interviewer: What if somebody ate something that disagreed with them and it came back up. You'd say they had to 490: Throw up. Interviewer: #1 Anything else? # 490: #2 Vomit. # Mm. Um. Interviewer: Maybe some crude terms. 490: Uh puke. Interviewer: #1 Such a pleasant subject. # 490: #2 Ew that's awful. # Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 That's terrible hate that word. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Somebody who is uh {D: yuck} I interviewed a lady she said that is just absolutely my least favorite word. I cannot stand that word. Said that and {X} I hate 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I don't like that word. I said well so I said they puked up their {D: middles} you would really be 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # She almost showed me the door. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What about somebody who's like that. You say they're sick where 490: At the stomach. Interviewer: And uh Let's say a boy who keeps going over to the same girl's house pretty regularly. You get the idea that he's pretty serious. You say he's doing what. He's 490: go um {NW} Courting pretty steady. Uh going steady. He's smitten. {NW} He's got it bad. Interviewer: W- what would you call him. You'd say that he's her 490: Uh. Steady. uh boyfriend. Interviewer: And she's his 490: Girlfriend. Interviewer: What about if the boy comes home and his younger brother sees traces of lipstick on his collar. He might say aha you've been 490: Making out. {NW} Interviewer: Or what about if he asks her to uh marry him and she doesn't want to you'd say that she did what to him 490: Refused him. Turned him down. Interviewer: But if she didn't maybe they went ahead and got 490: Married. Interviewer: What do you call the man who stands up with the groom in the ceremony. 490: Best man. Interviewer: And the girl who stands up with the #1 bride # 490: #2 Maid of honor. # Or matron of honor. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of any type of uh 490: -gotten what they call it. It's a Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called a serenade or chivaree or 490: #1 Uh-uh # Interviewer: #2 something like that? # 490: I don't think so. Interviewer: Okay what about uh 490: I'm glad they stopped that custom. Interviewer: Yeah {C: laughing} Annoying I'm 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 sure. # What about uh let's say if if you were at a party a lot of people at a party and they started getting a little bit uh rowdy. Maybe a neighbor calls the police. When the police come over they don't arrest just one person but they arrest the 490: A whole gang of 'em Interviewer: And at a party sometimes you know when the couples get out on the floor and a band's playing they begin to move around they begin to 490: What are you talking about an orgy? {NW} Interviewer: Much tamer than that. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You know, {D: I mean} # The music you just call yourself the man and woman you know #1 Waltzes. Yeah. {D: Something} # 490: #2 Not dancing. Dancing. Oh. # Interviewer: Lots of different types. 490: {X} Interviewer: #1 Oh no. # 490: #2 {NW} # Okay. Go ahead. Interviewer: What about some different types of dances. 490: Uh we did the U-T when we were in school #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 The U-T # 490: the U-T that was a thing. University of Tennessee invented it I think. Um and the funky chicken and um let's see I can't think of any Watusi. I remember doing that oh that was Uh. Um. Al- the gator #1 Yeah that was gross too. # Son: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} 490: #1 And um. I can't tell. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: Waltz. Foxtrot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: The samba. The mamba. Um. Mm. Let's see. Interviewer: Uh-oh. 490: He's squealing. Don goes in there wakes him excites him. Let's see. Think things that we did that were not so um demonstrative Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Um I don't know and I don't know what the kids are doing now. I think that's m- about I've Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 done all the things on the dancing. # Interviewer: I guess that that should date you 490: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 sufficiently. # 490: Right. Interviewer: What about uh your children get out at get out of school at three oh clock. You say at three oh clock school does what? 490: Turns out. Interviewer: And if it's toward the end of summer vacation you might ask well when does school 490: Start. Interviewer: And if a boy leaves home to go to school, but never gets there on purpose you say he did what 490: Playing hooky. Interviewer: And a person goes to school to get 490: An education. Interviewer: And after high school some people go on to 490: College. Interviewer: And at uh school each child has his own individual 490: Desk. Interviewer: And a room full of those you have many 490: Desk. Interviewer: What about uh a building in town well where you would go to check out books. 490: A library. Interviewer: And if you wanted to mail a package you'd go to the 490: Post office. Interviewer: And if you had to stay overnight in a strange town you'd stay at the 490: Motel. Interviewer: Or the 490: Hotel. Interviewer: And if you wanted to go see a play or a movie you'd go to the 490: Theater. Interviewer: And if uh you were pretty ill you might have to go into the 490: Hospital. Interviewer: And the woman there at the hospital who looks after you she's the 490: Nurse. Interviewer: And if you had to catch a train in town you'd go down to the 490: Depot. Interviewer: Or 490: #1 Train station. # Interviewer: #2 another # Or a rail 490: Railway station. Interviewer: If you had to catch a bus 490: Go to the depot. Terminal. Whatcha want? Excuse me I gotta go p- and fix diaper Interviewer: Okay. 490: the diaper. Mm-kay. Interviewer: What about uh in some towns uh there's a place downtown around the court house you know the stores are arranged 490: #1 Court square # Interviewer: #2 uh # Court square. Are there any uh parks in {D: around} Dresden. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Anything like that. 490: Uh w- up at the Wilson park's new. recreation area that's been built. Have a pool and tennis courts and couple #1 baseball # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: diamonds. And some #1 Pavilion # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: and uh miniature golf and things like that. Interviewer: If uh two roads or two streets intersect each other kind of like that one going that way and one that way 490: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 way # If you were standing on this corner right here 490: Mm-hmm Interviewer: and you wanted to get to the other side. Uh instead of going let's say from here to here over here crossing with the lights. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If you went straight across like that you'd say you crossed how? 490: Diagonally. Interviewer: Diagonally. And what uh would it be possible for somebody to describe that as going catty-corner? 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Same thing. What about these vehicles that were used for transportation within the city uh ran on rails and 490: #1 Street cars. # Interviewer: #2 {D:: little} wires. # Street car. Or if you were riding on a bus you might tell the driver uh the next corner is where I want 490: Off. Interviewer: And here in the weekly county Dresden is the 490: County seat. Interviewer: Person has a civil service job he doesn't work for the state, but he works for the federal 490: Government. Interviewer: What would you say the police in a town are supposed to maintain? 490: I beg your pardon Interviewer: What would you say that the police in a in a town are supposed to maintain 490: Law and order Interviewer: And before the uh electric chair what did they do to murderers. They were 490: Hanged them. Interviewer: I'm gonna ask you for uh the names of a few cities and states {X} What state in the country has the city with the largest population? Would you say. 490: Uh. New York state. New York City. Interviewer: And Baltimore is in 490: Maryland. Interviewer: And Richmond is in 490: Virginia. Interviewer: And Raleigh is in 490: Uh Raleigh Raleigh Sou- uh North Carolina. Interviewer: And the one right below that is 490: South Carolina. Interviewer: And Atlanta's in 490: Georgia. Interviewer: And Montgomery is in 490: Alabama. Interviewer: And uh Baton Rouge is in 490: Louisiana. Interviewer: Louisville's in 490: Kentucky Interviewer: And uh Independence is in 490: In- uh Independence Missouri Interviewer: Little Rock is in 490: Arkansas Interviewer: And Dallas is in 490: Texas. Interviewer: Tulsa. 490: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Boston. 490: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Any name for the states in the east say from Maine to Connecticut all of 'em referred to as 490: Maine to Connecticut. New England States. Interviewer: What about the the biggest city in Maryland. You'd say that's 490: Baltimore I guess Interviewer: And the capital of this country is 490: Washington D.C. Interviewer: And uh the biggest city in Missouri? 490: St. Louis. Interviewer: What about an old seaport in South Carolina? 490: Mm. Charleston. Interviewer: What about the biggest city in Alabama? 490: Uh Birmingham. Interviewer: And the big meat packing city in Illinois? 490: Chicago. Interviewer: And the capital of Alabama? 490: Montgomery. Interviewer: And the port city in Alabama? 490: Mobile. Interviewer: What gulf is that on? 490: Gulf of Mexico Interviewer: You know of a a resort city in the western part of North Carolina I think it was in Thomas Wolf's home. 490: I don't know about Thomas Wolfe {X} Myrtle Beach? No. Interviewer: No. 490: Uh. Resort city. Western North Caroli- Oh Western North Carolina I'm going Eastern North Caroli- That still doesn't help. Resort city. Resort city. #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Asheville. # 490: Asheville. Is that a resort city? Interviewer: #1 What about uh # 490: #2 I didn't know that # Interviewer: the big city in East Tennessee where you teach {X} 490: Knoxville. Interviewer: And another big city right on the Alabama Tennessee line 490: Chattanooga. Interviewer: And another one uh over in the western part on the line 490: Memphis. Interviewer: And the capital of Tennessee. 490: Nashville. Interviewer: And the capital of Georgia? 490: Um um um um um um um um Interviewer: #1 The biggest city. # 490: #2 {NW} # Atlanta. {NW} Interviewer: What about a big sea port in Georgia. 490: Georgia. Uh big sea port in Georgia. Savannah. That's n- Is that a big city? {D: Don't wanna know} Interviewer: What about the the city in Georgia that's right across from {D: Phoenix City} Alabama 490: Um um Columbus. Phoenix City. {NW} Sin City Interviewer: That's right. What about uh the biggest city in Louisiana. 490: Uh Bat- oh uh New Orleans Interviewer: And the other one you were about to say? 490: Baton Rouge. Baton Rouge. Interviewer: And the uh the city in Ohio where the baseball team is the Red 490: Cincinnati. Interviewer: And the biggest city in Kentucky. 490: Um Interviewer: They had horse races. 490: {NS} Lexington. Interviewer: Was it Lexington. 490: I don't think so. {NW} Interviewer: It's the something Derby. 490: Kentucky #1 Derby at uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 490: Well I'll declare Not Frankfurt. Not Lexington. Interviewer: It begins with an L. 490: Yeah well Lexington and um Louisville. Interviewer: And if you were in Moscow you'd be in 490: Russia. Interviewer: And if you were in Paris you'd be in 490: France. Interviewer: If you were in Dublin you'd be in 490: Ireland. Interviewer: What uh About how far would you say is it from here to uh {X} 490: Nine miles. Interviewer: And what about uh if you were asked to go somewhere without your husband you might say well I won't go 490: Alone. Interviewer: #1 Or # 490: #2 Or without him. # Oh single. Um. By myself. Interviewer: What about uh if you like a person uh a very funny person and you like him for that reason that he's funny. If somebody asks you why do you like so and so what do you say. You might say well I like him 490: He's a lot of fun to be around. He's funny. He's a humorous person. Interviewer: What about uh the uh if two people become members of the church you say they did what. 490: Joined the church. Interviewer: And the person goes to church to pray to 490: #1 The lord. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: Anything else. 490: #1 God. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if you go to church to listen to the preacher preaching 490: {X} Interviewer: Or somebody might say well I don't care anything about hearing the sermon I just go to listen to the 490: #1 Singing. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Or all that's called the 490: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 they're making a lot of # 490: racket {C: laughing} {NW} Um. Uh. Interviewer: You'd say my goodness that's nice or that's pretty 490: Music. Interviewer: Or if you saw a very attractive sunset you might say my that sure is a 490: Beautiful sunset. Interviewer: Or let's say you were on your way to church but you have a flat tire. You had to change it. You might say well Church will be over 490: #1 by the time I get there. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: What is supposed to be the the enemy or the opposite of God that's the 490: The devil. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 490: Satan. hmm. Interviewer: #1 Is anything # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 made made with a # 490: #2 from scratch # Interviewer: Yeah like the devil or that uh parents might uh uh refer to to scare the children 490: #1 The boogeyman. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # The boogeyman. What about these things that people think they see around uh graveyards at night 490: Ghosts. Interviewer: Ghosts. 490: Goblins. Spooks. #1 Haunts # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 {NW} # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And what about if uh some of these things got in the house and people wouldn't go there because they say the house is 490: Haunted. Interviewer: {X} You might your son is asking you to go somewhere you might say well I'll go if you insist but I 490: Really don't want to #1 I'd rather # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: stay at home. Interviewer: What would you say to an old friend of yours that you haven't seen in a long time you know from seeing them the first time. What would you probably say? 490: Um. Where have you been it's been a hundred years since I've seen you. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Uh it's l- long time no see. Good to see you. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people say something like uh we'd be mighty proud to see you 490: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 or mighty proud to have you come over. Something like that. # Would you say that Would an older person be more likely to say something like that 490: #1 Mighty proud. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: Uh-huh. be I'd be really glad or awfully happy or something like that Interviewer: If a if a man owned about a oh I don't know a couple of thousand acres of land referred to a quantity of land you'd say that he owned a 490: A lot of land. Interviewer: Do people around here say {D: bright smart} 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: To refer to quantity. That's a right smart of land. 490: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about if you wanted to say if you were agreeing with somebody you wanted to say something stronger than just yes what might you say? 490: {NW} Interviewer: {D: you're saying this} 490: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: {NW} Uh. Something stronger than yes. You better believe it. Or. {NW} That's really so or Um. Interviewer: Do you ever say certainly 490: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 I'll do that. # Well what about if uh somebody if somebody has heard that you're able to do something unusual and they ask you about it say can you do that. You might say I 490: Sure I can. Interviewer: And if you wanted to be polite to an older man, instead of just saying yes to him you'd probably say yes 490: Sir. Interviewer: And to a woman. 490: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Well what about if you got out one morning and it wasn't just a little cold it was 490: Really cold. Interviewer: If you were uh let's say {D: heeded} yourself for doing something stupid, accidentally knocking off your plate at the table or something like that what might you say to yourself 490: {NW} that's the most stupid thing you've ever done. It's really dumb. I talk to myself like that all the time anyway I know #1 that # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well what if somebody has said something about you that you don't appreciate what might you remark when you hear that 490: I really like that a lot. Interviewer: Do you ever would somebody likely say something like well the idea of them 490: #1 Well idea. # Interviewer: #2 saying something like # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What if, you meet somebody what would say by when you're greeting them. Say asking about their health 490: #1 How you doing # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # Would you say the same thing to a stranger? 490: No. I'd say how are you? {NW} Interviewer: Oh what about if somebody is leaving after a visit and you'd like them to come back some time in the future you'd say well I hope you'll 490: #1 Come back soon. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: Or y'all come back and see us. We don't get out much. {NW} Interviewer: Or maybe just come a 490: Come back. Interviewer: Come again. 490: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you say to somebody in greeting them around December twenty-fifth. 490: #1 Merry Christmas. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: Is there something you're supposed to say when you someone on Christmas Day the first time you you're supposed to say it before they say it to you Some sort of game. 490: I don't know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Christmas gift. 490: Huh-uh. Interviewer: #1 You haven't heard about that # 490: #2 I don't know anything about that # Interviewer: Uh what do you say to somebody in greeting them around January first. 490: Happy new year. Interviewer: And 490: How many #1 resolutions # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: have you broken already? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about what might you say uh if somebody's done you a favor you might say well I'm much 490: #1 I'm much # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: appreciative. Interviewer: Appreciative. Or I'm much to you I'm much 490: uh obliged. Much obliged. Interviewer: Let's say if you uh had to get a few things downtown you might say well I need to go to downtown to do some 490: Pick up a few things. Do some shopping. Son: {NW} Interviewer: And if uh you made a purchase the storekeeper would probably, let's say he took a piece a paper and 490: Purchase took a piece of paper {C: whispering} Gave you a receipt? #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Let's say the thing he purchased that she purchased he'd take a piece of paper 490: #1 And wrap it # Interviewer: #2 # 490: up oh okay. {X} Interviewer: And when you get home of course you have to 490: Unwrap it. Interviewer: If a if a store is selling things for uh for uh less than what they paid for them you say they're selling at a 490: Discount at a loss. Interviewer: {X} Let's say if there's a a new dress you see downtown you might say well I'd sure like to have that but it just 490: Too expensive. #1 Cost too much. # Interviewer: #2 Or # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # If it's time if it's time to pay the bills you say the bill is 490: Due. Interviewer: Some clubs require that you pay your 490: Dues. Interviewer: And if uh let's say a farmer wants to buy a tractor but he doesn't have enough money he would uh go to his banker to see if he 490: #1 Borrow. # Interviewer: #2 could # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # You've probably heard the expression that nowadays good workers are getting mighty 490: Hard to find. Interviewer: #1 Or another way of saying that # 490: #2 Scarce. # Interviewer: #1 # 490: #2 # Interviewer: What about what do you say a boy does when he jumps off a springboard into the water 490: Dives. Interviewer: And the past of that is 490: Dove. Or dived. Interviewer: And the 490: #1 He has dived. # Interviewer: #2 participle. # And once you get in the water you begin to 490: Swim. Swam swum. Interviewer: What do you call it uh when you dive in and land flat on your stomach #1 {X} # 490: #2 Hmm belly buster. # Interviewer: Belly buster. Or what if a a boy is playing in the yard and he might duck his head down and kick his feet out and go over like that #1 You'd say he # 490: #2 A somersault. # Interviewer: You ever heard of uh maybe a storekeeper giving you a little gift or present when you come in to pay off your bill or just to give you something? What is that called? 490: Sucker. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 {NW} # Uh. I don't know. I don't know what they call it What do they call it? Interviewer: Well Louisianans call it a a lagniappe. L-A-G-N-I-A-P-P-E 490: Huh. Interviewer: It's fine I've never gotten any response to that in this area. What about talking about swimming if somebody doesn't know how to swim they might 490: Drown or sink. Interviewer: And the past of drown is 490: Drown drowned drowned. Interviewer: What does a baby do before it's able to walk. 490: Crawls. Interviewer: And if there's something up a tree that you need you might have to 490: Climb. Interviewer: #1 And the past. # 490: #2 Climbed. # Climbed. Interviewer: Let's say if uh if uh Donald wants to scare you say he's going to hide behind the couch what would you say he has to do 490: #1 Crouch. # Interviewer: #2 to # Crouch down. And he might jump up very quick and say something. #1 What might he say? # 490: #2 Mm-hmm. # Boo. Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody say {D: peepy} 490: Mm-hmm. #1 {D: Peepy} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: Play with babies. Hide your face. Come back out. Interviewer: {NW} 490: peep-eye {NW} Interviewer: So when a when a child right before a child goes to bed he might say his prayers. He'd beside the bed you'd say he 490: Kneels. Interviewer: And if you're feeling tired you might say well I think I'll go to bed {X} {C: baby yelling} 490: #1 Take a nap. # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Or. 490: #1 Lie down. # Interviewer: #2 When you # 490: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Or somebody who was really sick you'd say he couldn't even sit up he just had to 490: Lie. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 in bed all day. # And these things you see in your sleep sometimes you say you begin to 490: {NW} That you see in your sleep. Dream. Interviewer: What's the past of that verb? 490: Dream dreamed dreamt. Interviewer: You might say well I was dreaming about such and such but all of a sudden I 490: Waked up. Interviewer: What would you say I did if I brought my foot down on the floor very hard 490: Stomped it. Interviewer: And if uh if a boy meets a girl at a party and he would like to see her home after it's over he he might say well may I 490: Walk you home. Interviewer: Or if uh let's say if your car's stuck in the mud you might ask somebody to take the rope and 490: Pull you out. Interviewer: What if you had to if you had a suitcase that was extremely heavy and uh you wanted to emphasize how heavy that thing was that you had to carry it around. Instead of saying just carried it around you might say I had to 490: Drag it. Interviewer: Drag it. Or anything else. Drag it or. An expression for carrying something. 490: Tote. Interviewer: Tote it. You ever heard people say I had to lug that thing 490: Yeah lug it. Uh-huh that means more than tote doesn't it Interviewer: Now what about if uh if your children are playing around in the kitchen and you're cooking something you might say now don't talking about the stove you might say that stove is very hot so 490: Don't touch it. Interviewer: Or if let's say if you uh when you're playing when you're little you might've played tag or something like that 490: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call this place that you can run to and be safe 490: Home free. Interviewer: #1 That was home free. # 490: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: Or if I throw you a ball and you're supposed to 490: catch it. Interviewer: And the past of that is 490: Caught. Caught. Interviewer: Or if we're supposed to meet in town I might say well if I get there before you do I'll 490: Wait for ya. Interviewer: If you're husband has a man who's working for him and he's not been doing his job he might say well I believe I'm gonna have to 490: Fire him. Let him go. Interviewer: Or. {C: baby crying} 490: No. {C: whisper} Interviewer: The man might come back and tell him well just give me 490: My job back. Or give me a second chance Interviewer: Or let's say that a man who always has a smile on his face pleasant words for everybody you might say well he sure seems to be in a good 490: Mood. Interviewer: Or a good 490: #1 Uh good mood. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: good mood Needs to be in a #1 good mood # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: or he is sure in a good frame of mind Interviewer: #1 Or # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: People used to call the ice cream stand the {X} 490: Go- {NW} I don't know the good uh Interviewer: Humor man 490: Good humor yeah okay. Interviewer: Well what about uh if a boy left his best uh pen out of his desk and when he got back it was gone he might say well looks like somebody 490: Ripped me off. Interviewer: {NW} 490: Stole my pen. Interviewer: Or you might say well I'd forgotten about that, but now I 490: Remember it. Interviewer: Or well must have a better memory than I do because I sure don't 490: Remember it. Interviewer: If uh you wanted to get in touch with somebody without calling them on the telephone you might 490: Write them a letter. Interviewer: And that verb write 490: #1 Wrote. Written. # Interviewer: #2 the past for it. # And after you get finished writing then you take an envelope and on the front of it 490: #1 Write their address. # Interviewer: #2 {D: you'd probably just} # 490: Address the letter Interviewer: You might say well I'd like to write it, but I just don't know his 490: an address Interviewer: Or after you write the person you'd say well I expect to get a 490: A reply. Interviewer: Or a 490: Letter back. Interviewer: Or. 490: Note back. Interviewer: Some of these what we're doing are question and 490: Answers. Interviewer: Uh. Let's say if if {D: Donald} has learned how to whistle between his teeth or something like that and you want to know uh where he got it you might say well who 490: Taught you that. Interviewer: Or if uh do children have a a name for for another child who always goes around telling on the other children. 490: Tattle tale tattle tale hang your breeches on a nail. {C: interviewer laughing} Interviewer: {NW} What do telling gossip are they different? Or they mean the same thing? 490: Uh they're different. Tattle's when you go to tell something on somebody expecting them that other person to be punished for it. And gossip is malicious behind their back. {NW} Not #1 not expecting # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: punishment for it. Interviewer: What about these uh things that that grow around your house. You might pick some up and put 'em in a vase 490: Flowers. Interviewer: And children these things that they play with you say they have a lot of 490: Pretties. or toys. Interviewer: What about uh if I have something that you needed right now you'd say to me what? 490: Uh may I borrow that or d- Interviewer: Or if you're if it's urgent you'd say 490: Let me have it. Interviewer: Or. 490: Give it to me. Interviewer: That word give the past is 490: Gave given Interviewer: And uh the verb begin. The past is 490: Began begun. Interviewer: And what about uh to run. 490: Ran run. Interviewer: And come. 490: #1 Came come. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # Interviewer: And see. 490: Saw seen. Interviewer: Uh what about uh if the highway department's working on the roads and they just have say you can't get through there they've got the machine out and the road's all 490: Blocked. Jammed. Interviewer: Or let's say if your husband gives you a bracelet for a gift and you're just sitting there looking at it he might say well don't just look at it go ahead and 490: Put it on Interviewer: Or the verb to do the past is 490: Did. Done. Interviewer: What about uh if you were just sitting there you haven't opened your mouth you haven't said a thing and somebody says what did you say? He'd say me I said 490: Nothing. Interviewer: Or he might say oh I thought you said 490: Something. Interviewer: Uh what about uh if somebody asks you how long you've lived here in Dresden you might say why I've 490: Lived here all my life Interviewer: #1 I was # 490: #2 Born and raised here # Interviewer: In other words I've 490: Always lived here. Interviewer: Or talking about uh this thing uh talking about riding horses you might say well I got on one once and I've been scared of horses ever 490: Since. Interviewer: Uh what about the verb to ask. The past is 490: Ask asked asked. Interviewer: And the verb to fight. 490: Fought. Interviewer: What if I accidentally with a knife gave myself a {D: lick} I accidentally 490: Cut. Interviewer: Or. 490: Stab. Interviewer: Or if uh you walked into a classroom and there are funny pictures on the whiteboard and I turn around and ask to say well now who 490: Drew that Interviewer: And if if your husband {X} have to lift something really heavy up on the roof he might take a block and tackle and do what to get it up there? 490: Uh raise it? Interviewer: Raise it or is there any other way of saying that? 490: Um lift raise Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 lift. # Pull. Son: {NW} Interviewer: Pull or maybe hoist? 490: Hoist yeah. I got to get him something to eat excuse me just a mi- Interviewer: What about if if you saw somebody bout uh ten oh clock in the day time, how would you greet them? 490: Good morning. Interviewer: What's the latest in the day that you would say that? 490: Um twelve oh clock. Interviewer: Uh and if you left someone say before it was night what would you say to them in going away 490: Um before it was night. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 490: Good afternoon. Interviewer: Good afternoon. Would you ever say something like good day? 490: uh I wouldn't say it. Interviewer: You wouldn't say that Or uh the the part of the day after supper. What do you call that? 490: Night or evening. Interviewer: Evening. And when you leave somebody at night what would you say to them? 490: Goodnight. Interviewer: You'd uh 490: But I wouldn't I wouldn't say good evening Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 490: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about if uh on the farm you start work before daylight. You say that you started work before 490: the sunrise. Interviewer: Beg your pardon. 490: Before the sun rose. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 490: #2 Or sunrise. # Before sun rose. Before daylight. Interviewer: And that that verb rise the past is 490: Rose risen. Interviewer: And uh if if say a person worked until the sun went out of sight you'd say he worked until 490: After dark. Interviewer: Or 490: #1 Um # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: sun went down. Interviewer: Sun went down. Or another word to say after sun 490: Set. Interviewer: Let's see today is uh Friday so Thursday was 490: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Saturday's 490: Tomorrow. Interviewer: What if somebody came to see you on Sunday uh the Sunday earlier than this past Sunday you'd say he 490: #1 Sunday before last. # Interviewer: #2 came # Mm. And if he's coming to see you the Sunday after this one he's 490: #1 Two Sunday # Interviewer: #2 coming # 490: Um Sunday after Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Uh {D: what do I} say # Um let's see um not this Sunday, but next Sunday or next Sun- I don't know what I say #1 Sunday after next. That's what I say # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 490: Sunday after next. Interviewer: Well what about uh If somebody stayed at your house from about the first to the fifteenth you'd say they stayed about 490: Two weeks. Interviewer: You ever heard people say a fortnight? 490: Yeah. Interviewer: Around here? 490: Uh-uh not around here. Interviewer: Is that just a book #1 term for you, or what? # 490: #2 Uh-huh # that's another one {X} {NW} book terms. Interviewer: Or. Let's see if you wanted to know the time of day you'd ask 490: What time is it? Interviewer: And the person would say well just let me look at my 490: Watch. Interviewer: Or what time would you say it was if it were midway between seven and eight oh clock 490: Uh seven thirty. Interviewer: And if it were fifteen minutes later than half past ten 490: Uh fifteen 'til eleven. Interviewer: Or #1 what about if # 490: #2 eight forty-five # Interviewer: If you'd been doing something for uh a long time you might say well I've been doing that for quite 490: A while. Interviewer: And uh let's see nineteen seventy-six was last year so nineteen seventy-seven is 490: This year. Interviewer: About how old did you say Donald was 490: Eight. Interviewer: He's eight. 490: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about uh something that happened about this time last about this time last year you'd say it happened 490: About this time last year. Interviewer: About this time last year. Any other way of saying that? 490: Uh. Last year this time? {NW} About a year ago. Interviewer: About a year ago okay. Or what about uh these puffy white things you see when you look up in the sky sometimes? 490: Clouds. Interviewer: And if it's uh if you look up in the sky and they're no clouds around uh uh you might say well I believe we're going to have a 490: Clear day. Interviewer: Or if it's if the clouds are dark and {D: in spite} of such a nice day you might say well probably gonna have a 490: Uh. Rain or a bad day or a cloudy day. Bad weather. Interviewer: Talking about the weather if the clouds are getting thicker and darker and you think you're in trouble, going to have some rain, you'd say the weather's doing what? 490: Clouding up. Interviewer: {D: Clouding up} 490: Turning bad. Interviewer: Or if it's {D: beneath} the clouds pull away and the sun starts shining you say the weather's 490: Clearing up. #1 Getting # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: pretty again. Interviewer: Well what about if you have a very heavy rain in a short period of time say an inch in just one hour you'd say you had a a regular 490: Uh downpour. Interviewer: Downpour. Anything else for that? 490: Uh rainstorm, thunderstorm uh cloud burst Interviewer: You ever heard people say a gully washer 490: Gully washer, yeah. Interviewer: What about uh. The verb blow the past is 490: Blew blown. Interviewer: And uh if the wind is coming from that direction you say it's coming from the 490: South. Interviewer: And other 490: North east west Interviewer: In between those two 490: Northeast northwest southwest southeast Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 490: #2 Northwest.` # Interviewer: If it if it's raining, but it's not raining very hard just a few drops something like that you'd say you're having just a little 490: Sprinkle. Interviewer: Anything else? 490: Uh. Drizzle. Um. #1 Rain shower. a little # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Well what about uh if you go outside you can't even see across the street in the morning because of it 490: Fog. Interviewer: What kind of day would that be? 490: Um dreary. Interviewer: #1 Or if # 490: #2 Um # Interviewer: #1 you use the # 490: #2 Foggy. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you haven't had rain in a long time you're having a 490: Drought. Interviewer: {D: What is} is there something not quite as serious as a drought 490: Um. Dry spell. Interviewer: Dry spell. Or let's say if the wind has been gentle, but it's gradually getting stronger. You say the wind's doing 490: #1 Picking up. # Interviewer: #2 what? # 490: #1 Going on. # Interviewer: #2 And if it's just the opposite. # 490: #1 Dying down # Interviewer: #2 If it's # Dying down. What about if you go out in the morning and it's it's cold, but it's not disagreeably cold. Just 490: #1 Chilly. # Interviewer: #2 Kind of # weather you like to be out in, you'd say it's rather 490: Chilly. Interviewer: Or if there's a light coating of white on the ground you say you had a little 490: Snow. Interviewer: #1 {D: a little} # 490: #2 Powder snow # Little snowstorm little Interviewer: Or if it's not necessarily snow it might just be a 490: Dew Interviewer: Dew or if it's still the white stuff the icy 490: #1 {X} # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: talking about. Interviewer: So you have to de- your refrigerator 490: De-ice de- def- what am I doing mine's frost free. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Frost. # 490: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Or you might say it was so cold the lake did what 490: Froze over. Interviewer: Or the verb 490: Froze frozen. Interviewer: Okay. If you would just count for me slowly from one to twenty. 490: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. #1 Eleven. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: #1 Twelve. # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 # Son: #2 # 490: Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty. Interviewer: Kay and the number after twenty-six is 490: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine 490: Thirty. Interviewer: And thirty-nine. 490: Forty. Interviewer: After sixty-nine. 490: Seventy. Interviewer: After ninety-nine. 490: One hundred. Interviewer: After nine hundred ninety-nine. 490: One thousand. Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand is one 490: Oh come on. Interviewer: It's one 490: Million. {NW} Interviewer: And uh the day of the month that the bills are usually due that's 490: First. Interviewer: And that then. The after the first is 490: Second. Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Interviewer: Kay. And uh sometimes you feel that your good luck comes just a little bit at a time, but it seems your bad luck 490: Comes all at once. Interviewer: A man got twenty bushels to the acre last year and forty bushels to the acre this year, you say that this year's crop was 490: Uh twice as much. Interviewer: And the first month of the year is 490: January, February, March, April, May June, July, August, September, October, November, December Interviewer: And today is 490: #1 Friday # Son: #2 {NW} # 490: the seventeenth. Interviewer: And tomorrow is 490: The eighteenth Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Interviewer: Have you ever heard Sunday called anything else? 490: The Lord's day. The Sabbath. Interviewer: What what does Sabbath mean? Just 490: Day of rest. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 490: #2 I don't have any idea. # {X} Interviewer: #1 That's about that # 490: #2 Day of worship. # Interviewer: That's about 490: Are you through? Interviewer: {NW} 490: Well good. Interviewer: {NW} Rejoice. 490: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: #1 I bet you get tired of saying the same things over and over again # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # 490: How many times a week do you how many different interviews a week usually #1 do you average # Interviewer: #2 I average about # {D: Three three and a half} three interviews a week Something like that. 490: Well I guess you do get tired. Interviewer: #1 Oh gosh I'll # 490: #2 Yuck # Interviewer: #1 I guess I'll do # 490: #2 {X} # Interviewer: something between thirty and forty here in the summer. Something like that. 490: How many years have you been doing this? Interviewer: Uh like I said in December I did ten in South Alabama, and so far this summer I think this is my this is my eighth this summer so I've done eighteen already so far {X} long. It's been {X} 490: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 490: I wouldn't think so. I just who is sponsoring this thing I mean Interviewer: #1 Well # 490: #2 Who who pays you # for your #1 work? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # It's uh it's funded by several grants mainly I think the National Endowment for the Humanities. 490: #1 Okay. Is this from # Interviewer: #2 {D: Get my money from those} # 490: Is this from Troy State or #1 or U-U-A or what? # Son: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh Emory. 490: Okay. Interviewer: Emory provides uh assistance in the way of fellowships for people who work on the project. 490: #1 Okay. I see. # Interviewer: #2 If you wanna go to school out of state and all that. # 490: I wondered how that worked. I didn't know whether it was a private thing or Interviewer: Yeah. 490: Ben. You're gonna be a problem today I #1 I can see # Interviewer: #2 Here's your pen. # 490: Oh okay thanks. {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Twenty. Just in your ordinary voice. Um 494: One I'm starting now Interviewer: Right. 494: One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen fourteen fifteen Sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty. Interviewer: Okay and the days of the week please. 494: Mm Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday. Interviewer: {NS} Okay and the months of the year. 494: January February March April May June July August September October November December I feel like I'm taking some sort of some kind of test. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: No this isn't I I could test a 494: Seeing how well I know my Interviewer: No it's to see whether It'll let us record. {NW} 494: See if I can count and remember Interviewer: This is a No this is a A um It's a funny thing I say with a sensitive recorder some voices just 494: Yes Interviewer: Um you can see the needle. 494: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 as you talk # And I have to to um gauge {NW} If I set it once I can forget it. I wanna be sure that not gonna. 494: Oh I see. Interviewer: Not over recording you Or under #1 recording # 494: #2 You're watching the needle when it # Interviewer: #1 Right # 494: #2 {X} # Interviewer: So let's There is a mechanical test. Uh you grew up here in uh Obion County? 494: Yes I did. Interviewer: And could you tell me a little bit about where? 494: Well it was on a farm right across the field. Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 494: #2 Straight across over yonder. # {NW} Uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 494: #2 I was born # Don't know the year nineteen sixteen Interviewer: Nineteen sixteen. Okay. 494: And I lived there until well it was nineteen and thirty. And uh My dad sold the place. And we moved to Lake County. And I went all my high school years over there. Interviewer: About how many years? 494: Well we lived over Well we lived in Lake County really two years. And moved back then to the edge of Obion County. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: But I continued to go back over to {D: Reesley} for my high school. Finished high school. Then I married and moved here to {D: Pea Ridge} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: And course we lived around uh different places but we wound up back here On this same farm. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And {NW} When you married did you come to this farm? 494: Yes we did. Interviewer: You did. Mm-hmm. And have you been a housewife uh most of your life? 494: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: And your religion? 494: Methodist. {NS} I worked uh in a school lunchroom for several years. Was manager for several years. {NS} Interviewer: Okay and that was In Elbridge? 494: Cloverdale School. Interviewer: Cloverdale. 494: Mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Okay Your mother and father where were they born? 494: Well my dad was born {NS} Way - uh-huh - up in middle Tennessee In Maury County. Williamsport Tennessee. On Duck River I've always heard him talk about Duck River. And then my mother was born here in Obion County. Interviewer: And did they have a chance to go to school very much? 494: Not too much. I think they went I believe back then she said it was about the equivalent of the fourth grade maybe. Interviewer: That's for both of them? 494: Uh-huh Interviewer: I see. {NW} And they were farmers? 494: Yes. {NS} They just didn't have much of a chance for an education back in those days. Interviewer: Very difficult. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But I tell you I think the education they had was pretty solid. 494: It was. {X} Interviewer: Way you can figure yeah. And your Do you remember your uh mother's parents? 494: I remember my grandmother. But my granddad died before I was born. Interviewer: And do you remember where she came from? 494: Uh I think in Mississippi. {NS} Interviewer: Know anything about her? #1 {X} # 494: #2 Um # Interviewer: Her education or 494: No not too much. Uh I've heard her She she stayed with us a while before her death and I heard her tell some stories about the Indians that lived around them down in Mississippi. Interviewer: Is that right? 494: Oh Well I don't know It's so long it's been so long back I just can't remember. And my granddad fought in the Civil War. He was killed at uh oh what it wasn't Shallow. It was one up in Kentucky. I don't mean he was killed. He was wounded up there. He he lived several years after that. But he was wounded and was always crippled after that. {NS} Interviewer: Okay and uh {NW} Your father's parents? 494: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Where did they come from? # 494: Uh middle Tennessee as far as I know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 494: And I knew my granddaddy. But my grandmother died before I was born. {NS} Interviewer: And can you tell me anything about your um about your grandfather? 494: Well he he was a farmer and uh Aux: Black {NW} 494: Huh? Aux: Black man wasn't he? 494: No I don't think he was was he? He was a very uh strong willed man {NW} I know that. I've heard him talk about him. He he ruled his household in other words {NW} Interviewer: So he Uh What religion was he uh? 494: Methodist. Interviewer: Methodist. 494: Mm-hmm. My mother's people were too. Well I believe at first they were uh what was called a Protestant Methodist. And then {NS} Uh-huh. They called it the Old Protestant Church. Interviewer: Protestant Methodist. Uh what was your maiden name? 494: Uh {B} Interviewer: Okay and uh mister {B} Can I ask you your age and Aux: #1 I'm uh I was born in nineteen twelve. # 494: #2 Can this pick him up? # Interviewer: Nineteen twelve. And are you a Methodist? Aux: A Methodist mm-hmm. Interviewer: And did you go to school around here? Aux: I went to school at I finished school at {D: Ridgely} I went to school at {X} 494: That's in Obion County. Aux: That's in Obion County. I finished in Ridgely. {NW} Lake County. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Tell him why you finished over there. Aux: Uh the attendance got low in the school I was going and back then if they didn't keep the attendance up so high we lost two years of high school. And uh I had to go to school at Ridgely just three miles {X} Two months to finish school. Interviewer: I see. Aux: We lost eleventh and twelfth grade at {D: K U} 494: Just two months before graduation. Aux: #1 Just two months # Interviewer: #2 {D: Alright.} # Aux: {X} And I had to go to Ridgely and finish. Interviewer: To finish up. {NW} Uh 494: And he was one of three out of the class that went on and finished. The rest of them just got that. Interviewer: Very interesting. Uh-huh. Aux: Three of us were not ready to finish school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh {NW} Your ancestry uh what do is this uh {B} In English or? 494: It's uh um Dutch English I think. There's some Dutch mixed Dutch German or or something I've heard him talk about the Dutch in him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you remember your grandmother's maiden name? 494: Oh you mean my mother's mother? Interviewer: Right. 494: Uh {B} {NS} Interviewer: And your father's? 494: Mother was uh {B} Interviewer: Mm-kay. 494: Now that's that's the the {B} Ancestry that I was talking about being Dutch. I think the {B} my mother was a {B} I believe they're uh Irish. Interviewer: Irish mm-hmm 494: And my grandma {B} Yeah I think was part Indian. {NS} She had some Indian blood in her I remember hearing her talk about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} What is {X} Aux: So maybe we take uh {D: Alan's Reach} Community Interviewer: Oh I meant to ask about how large is Elbridge Um Aux: You mean population or just? Interviewer: Yes sir about how many? Aux: Honestly I don't know. It's not incorporated. It's not even 494: Just a little village. It's a Aux: It's got a bank and a and a nice grocery store and a post office and a service station. And that's all we need is over there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: There's about thirty uh thirty-five boxes there at the post office. I guess people {X} Gets their mail there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: So I guess that'd be about what the population of it is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. About thirty thirty families or so. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: It's on the uh the Exxon map that I have. Aux: #1 Yea # Interviewer: #2 But not on the uh # It's not on the Tennessee state map. They should put it #1 by the highways. # 494: #2 Well # Interviewer: Um You may want to protest that {NW} Aux: Save local pride. Interviewer: Uh I wonder on the back of this whether you would make a sketch of the home that you remember as a child. Aux: Uh {NS} Interviewer: The different rooms and 494: Alright. {NW} {NS} I think I can talk to you while I How big a sketch do you want? Interviewer: Uh Just uh large enough so that uh we can read. 494: Okay. Interviewer: Names of the rooms and Where are the chimneys? And uh 494: Okay. Interviewer: Windows were {NS} Guess I could {D: bite} If you'd explain it as you go along. 494: Well. I don't think I'm getting this to {NW} scale. Interviewer: That's okay. 494: Uh. {NS} There was a long porch down there On the south side. Now there was a chimney right here. {NS} And the front door went into a hall. {NS} Let's see there's a room right here. And the dining room. {NS} And then the kitchen. {NS} And then out of the kitchen there was a little room. {NS} And a little pantry. And there was another chimney. {NS} And there was a cistern on the porch right here. {NS} And then the steps that went out to a deep well right here. It had a shed over it. {NS} And a door went out the dining room. A door went out this room. {NS} And there was a porch here. {NS} I remember this old house very well. I guess we call this the sitting room. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} That's where the family spent most of its time. 494: But it was also a bedroom too. {NW} Aux: {X} 494: #1 And this was the parlor # Aux: #2 {X} # Sleep in the sitting room {X} We did it {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I find many people tell me that. Because the families were so large that they had to use the Whose whose beds were in this in that room? Your parents? 494: Um yes. They slept here. And we children slept in this room right here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And then later on I remember having a bed back in this little side room. {NS} Me and one of my sisters. {NS} Let's see there was steps went out here. Interviewer: How many children were there? 494: I had two I have two sisters and a brother. {NW} And then a walk went out. This was the flower garden all out here. {NS} A walk went out to a gate. {NS} A driveway came up the hill. {NS} And then right out here was the cellar house. And uh It had a The cellar house was in the bottom Where we kept our food. And it also had a place on top that was storage room. And we used it a lot as a playhouse. Interviewer: Oh I see. {NS} 494: I guess that's about it. {NS} {X} Now there's a doorway outta this dining room on this north porch too. And out of the kitchen into the side room. Interviewer: That look right? Uh {NS} I'd like to ask you some questions about uh about it then. {NS} They uh Did it have a second 494: Believe I handed you back my sheet a paper too underneath there {X} Did it have what? Interviewer: Did it have a second story? 494: No it didn't. Interviewer: {NS} Uh Then {NW} If it didn't what 494: Oh wait a minute. Yes it did. It had stair steps going up. It wasn't finished. But it was uh the stair steps went up right here in this dining room. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What did you call the area? # 494: #2 Right there. # Interviewer: Upstairs? Uh 494: We just called it upstairs. Interviewer: Upstairs? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Attic or loft? 494: Uh-huh Attic. Now this door up. {NS} And it wasn't finished up in the you know in the rooms but it was storage place. And it gave a good place to play paper dolls and. Interviewer: Alright {NW} Uh how did you keep the light uh from coming in the windows? What did you have? 494: We had uh the old-timey shades that pulled down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: On rollers. Interviewer: I see. And uh Will you tell me how um something about the way the rooms are {D: furnished} Um This whole thing was oh this is a porch here. {NS} And this was a side porch? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {D: Side} Porch and front porch Uh {NW} Tell me what Take away the sitting room and the parlor and how they were furnished? 494: Well Oh As I said well there was a bed in that sitting room. And it was just rocking chairs kind of gathered around the fireplace. And might have been a dresser in there. Believe it was. It wasn't furnished lavishly. It was very sparsely furnished. And of course there were two beds in that next room. And our dresser. {NS} Interviewer: Did you have anything um. Where did you keep your clothes? Did you have um what is it 494: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 A separate building closet or # 494: No there Where did we keep our clothes? Aux: Hang 'em around the door I guess. 494: #1 I guess we did. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you ever have a or did you ever see one of these uh really very large pieces of furniture? 494: Yes. #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 You did? # What did you call it? 494: #1 Oh chifforobe # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: #1 Uh chiffonier # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: Now some some of them are called chiffoniers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: No we didn't have one a those. Interviewer: Uh did you ever did you ever call it a wardrobe? Or is that 494: #1 Yes yes # Interviewer: #2 A separate thing? # 494: We called it a wardrobe too. Interviewer: A wardrobe I understand might be really quite high. Six to eight feet high. 494: I remember where we kept our clothes. That little side room back yonder. Uh my dad I remember now. It's all coming back to me. He had stretched up a a pole across one end of that. Uh and we kept our clothes hanging on hangers on that. Interviewer: Right. 494: And then there was a curtain across in front of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And {NW} In the parlor what um did you have there? 494: We had a piano in one corner. And a little square table setting out in the middle with a lamp on it. {NW} And I guess some chairs. {NS} Interviewer: Did you have anything like this? 494: #1 Oh no. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # What would people call it? 494: Uh now we had later years we had one and it was made out of leather. It was called a devonette. Interviewer: Devonette? 494: Devonette. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: It it opened out and made a bed. I believe we did have that in the parlor. Interviewer: Did people ever use the word sofa very much? 494: #1 Not then. # Interviewer: #2 In Davenport? # 494: Not Davenport. Where we used that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: But we didn't hear the word sofa until years later. Interviewer: And {NW} Did you ever uh have any made of horse hair or know about them? 494: I knew about them. Well we didn't have one. I think they were too expensive for us. {NW} Cause I think they belonged to the rich people back then. Interviewer: I see. I can't imagine why they were. 494: #1 I don't know either. # Interviewer: #2 They don't seem very comfortable. # 494: {NW} I know it. Interviewer: And uh {NS} Are they {NW} Bureau you say? Did did you say bureau or or dresser or which uh? 494: A dresser. Interviewer: Dresser. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And the chiffonier Did it have a mirror or um? 494: I don't think we owned one of those then. {NW} I've got one in here now. That's got a mirror on it. And it's real old it belonged to my aunt. Along about the same time. Interviewer: It it uh is it drawers plus a mirror. 494: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Is that good? # Aux: Drawers on one side and a door on the other. Interviewer: Oh uh-huh. {NS} And uh what was the parlor used for mostly uh? 494: Oh Well {NW} {NS} We practiced our piano lessons in there. {NS} And well we didn't use it much. At all. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 494: #2 I mean. # Interviewer: #1 It was just kind of a # 494: #2 It's for company. # Yes just for company. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} I asked uh one man what the parlor was used for and he said {D: well spankings} The only place there was to go. {NW} 494: Yes. {NW} That's right. Interviewer: And other people tell me that uh they never use theirs unless the preacher came. 494: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: There was a pretty special 494: It's pretty special and you see that was a room kinda off across the hall away from the rest of the house. And it just wasn't used much. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And this is a chimney? 494: No the chimney's down here in this sitting room. We didn't have a chimney in the parlor. Interviewer: So there was no way to heat the 494: #1 Huh-uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh # parlor. 494: Oh well it had a flue. We had a little stove there in the wintertime a little wood burning stove. Had a flue that went up through the top of the house. Interviewer: I see. Mm-hmm. 494: But the fireplace and chimney was in the sitting room and in the kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And {NW} How about the bedrooms uh? Would you tell me uh how the bedrooms were were made what you used on beds? 494: We had a feather bed. Had a straw mattress. And feather beds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How'd you keep warm? 494: {NW} With quilts. Interviewer: Quilts? 494: Quilts. Interviewer: All right. 494: Up here in the wintertime we had as many as six and seven and eight on us. {NW} You couldn't turn over once you got in bed. {NW} Interviewer: And uh how about uh did you have something to cover the sheets in the summer uh? 494: Uh yes we had they were called counterpanes. I think the correct spelling is uh counterpane P-A-N-E but they're we called them counterpanes. Interviewer: So that's what I'm interested in. 494: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # These words are often spelled differently 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Than the way they are pronounced. So 494: That's what they were called. Interviewer: I appreciate your um 494: They were usually white and and well I think in fact they were always white. I don't there were any colored ones back then. But they were always white and they were woven in different textures. Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 494: #2 Um # Have a raised pattern-like effect. Interviewer: It was an ornament and 494: Uh-huh yes it was. Interviewer: And {NW} 494: And the beds had uh uh a lot of them I don't know whether we had or not but I know his mother had them. The big pillows with the big ruffles and you didn't sleep on those pillows. Uh they had big ruffles around them. And they were laid off to one side at night. Interviewer: I see. 494: And you slept on some more. And the next morning then when you made up the bed these pillows then were were stood up kind of an ornament across the top. Interviewer: Did you ever hear Aux: Lay one down and then stand one up. 494: Uh-huh. And they were #1 Starched # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: #1 And ironed # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of a pillow sham? 494: Yes. Interviewer: Is that What 494: #1 I guess that's what # Interviewer: #2 They are? # 494: You'd call 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Er it wasn't a pillow slip. {NW} Cause it {NS} I guess you sewed it on there because you didn't sleep on it and it didn't have to be changed as often as a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: pillow slip would. Interviewer: The only uh shams that I've seen are are are right then. They didn't look as if they were real pillows. Uh 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah they were about so big. 494: That's why they were called shams. Interviewer: And uh They were {D: plenty stuffed} 494: Yes. Interviewer: They were decorated and and um pretty large in fact more square than 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh pillow. 494: And I can remember his mother after I got in the family. Oh now that bed had to be made just right. It was a feather bed. And she would even after she got it all smooth as well she could smooth it with her hand she'd go get her broom and take her broomstick And uh smooth that bed. {NW} It had and she didn't allow any sitting on that bed in the daytime. Interviewer: I see. Uh It must have been a a source of good pride. {NW} 494: It was. {NW} Interviewer: And How about bolsters did you ever have that? 494: Yes we had bolsters. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh what what's the when were they used and when were 494: Well now I think my mother and daddy had the bolsters on their bed. Interviewer: And that's just a solid? 494: That's just a #1 Make one long # Aux: #2 {D: You a liar} # She just kept up when she made up the bed she'd put the bolster on it in the daytime we didn't sleep on the bolster. Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 494: #2 Well # Interviewer: Were they made out of feathers or? 494: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} Interviewer: And if somebody uh when you were children so when other children would come to stay too many of them you didn't have a bed for 'em where where would they sleep? 494: We made pallets on the floor. Interviewer: Floor {NW} 494: You wanted that word pallet didn't you? Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 494: {NW} Aux: {D: Either we'd do that} Interviewer: Aw Aux: We all slept at the the some at the head of the bed and some at the foot of the bed. Interviewer: Oh I see {NW} {X} What was the pallet uh made out of uh how did? 494: Well sometimes we had an extra feather bed stored away somewhere. And my mother'd bring that down put it on the floor and put quilts all over it then. Interviewer: I see. 494: But then a lot a times it was just several quilts spread out. Interviewer: And the kitchen um Let's see you had 494: Our kitchen was I guess you'd say our family room. We had the fireplace in there and uh had a big table in the center. Uh Where we ate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: The dining room was reserved for company. Interviewer: I see. Like the parlor. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} Did you uh did you have a room or do you remember anybody having a room called a big room? Or ever where the whole family might 494: Well I guess you'd say our sitting room was our big room because when we weren't in the kitchen we was in the sitting room. Interviewer: I see. Mm-hmm. And uh you kept your milk out here I suppose where it may 494: Well Interviewer: In the well? 494: Kept it there in the summertime kept it in either in the cistern you know lower it down with ropes in the cistern. When it got real hot now in the spring my mother kept it out there in that cellar house. It was cool down there in it. Interviewer: I see. 494: And then when it got on hotter she kept it in the she'd lower it down in the cistern. Interviewer: Cistern. 494: And then in the wintertime in that little pantry back there my dad built a little what he called a window box. It uh it was a little screened in affair. Stick it on the outside. And with screens so the cats and dogs and birds and so on so forth couldn't get it. And That's where she kept her milk. Interviewer: I see. Did you ever hear of a dairy Uh uh the word dairy used? 494: No. {NW} Interviewer: For that uh how was it used? When you were I mean what 494: You mean where you milk the cows? Interviewer: Is that where? 494: The cowshed. {NW} Interviewer: Uh did you ever use the word dairy? 494: Not that I can remember. Interviewer: Oh. {NS} 494: Did you ever remember it? Aux: No I don't I don't remember using the word dairy we just went out to milk we used a milk shed or a barn. We used milk for money. 494: We called it the cowshed. Interviewer: Cowshed? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. And {NW} How about a room where you kept things that you didn't want to throw away but you couldn't use? 494: Well that went up to the attic I guess. Interviewer: I see. {NW} Did you have a name for it? Uh 494: #1 Junk room. # Interviewer: #2 Say # Junk room? 494: I guess that'd be the junk room. Aux: That's what we called our shed {X} Junk shed. {NW} Interviewer: Junk shed? Did you ever hear that used uh called plunder? 494: No. Interviewer: Not a plunder. 494: I never did hear it. Interviewer: And I got these uh Different versions of 494: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I'd like to tell you And um How'd your mother describe uh what she did in the morning to keep the house uh tidy and clean? She'd go oh I have to do what? 494: Clean up the house. Interviewer: Just clean it up? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh what did she use for a broom? How was it uh did they buy it or did they make it or? 494: Uh Are you now I don't know. Now I think that we #1 had a broom made # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: And I believe they were bought from here I don't believe they were store bought. {X} Aux: There used to be several in this country that'd make brooms now we ain't got no broom factory on their own make it at their homes. Uh We had a fellow down here that lived down here {X} he had a little broom mill. He'd make broom and he'd take them around. 494: And peddle them that's we had a broom peddler that would come through. Aux: He'd come around stores sell 'em to stores or go house to house and sell them. {NS} Interviewer: And uh where would she keep it uh? 494: #1 Behind the door I think in the kitchen # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And uh how about the keeping your clothes clean how did they do that? 494: Oh well we had this old-timey rubboard that you got out and scrubbed and rubbed and then put 'em in the pot and boiled. {NW} And uh they had to be boiled and uh {NS} parched every so often and then scrubbed again. {NS} Interviewer: What uh how did you get the soap out? Uh 494: You rinsed 'em through the uh well at least two waters. Interviewer: You did? 494: Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Okay what kind of soap just a homemade? 494: Homemade lye soap. Interviewer: Lye soap. {NS} 494: In fact when I started housekeeping I didn't I had homemade lye soap I I thought I was rich when I got to buy my first box of powdered soap. Interviewer: Is that right? {NW} Uh was the lye pretty hard on your hands I suppose? 494: No it wasn't Huh-uh. {NS} And you know a lot of people now just go wild if they can find a bar of homemade lye soap. {NS} Interviewer: I guess it's it cuts water doesn't it? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Hard water pretty well. Uh how about the ironing uh? 494: Well you ironed with the uh what was called flat irons. Uh and you heated 'em in the wintertime we'd heat 'em at the fireplace. {NS} Our own little cookstove. {NS} Uh and then that's what it's called a cookstove. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And uh {NS} You'd change and when that one gets cold you take it and put it back on the fire and get you one that was there hot ready and waiting and uh. {NS} Interviewer: Oh I see. Uh what when how would you where was this uh place that you boil your clothes was it on the stove? 494: Out outside. Interviewer: It was outside. 494: And a wash kettle outside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And Is that one of these heavy uh 494: Yes iron kettle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And how did you get the clothes out there? Did you have a special place to keep keep them in the house and then carry them out? 494: I believe we did and then uh I think on this north porch I'm if I can remember right we had what we called the dirty clothes box. {NW} And that's what where they were put. It was a wooden box with a lid on it. {NS} With a you know hinged {NW} and then on wash days my mother got out there and she would sort these out. She had a pile she called the first white ones then the second white ones {NS} and then a a pile of uh colored ones and then {NS} down below work clothes overalls and things like that. Course these were washed first they were washed in order that she had 'em piled out. Interviewer: What'd you have a Something to carry 'em out there into the 494: No our tubs were right there at the edge of the porch and uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: the kettle right on out in the yard then. Interviewer: There wasn't a wash basket or 494: Uh I don't think so. Interviewer: Did you have a market uh whatever you would call a market basket or 494: Mm {NS} You know I I can't remember I can't remember uh that. {NW} I don't even remember I got to thinking the other day after you talked to us when we went to the store to buy our groceries what did we take 'em home in? I don't believe we had well I guess we did have paper sacks didn't we? Aux: Yeah we had paper sacks. {NS} 494: But you know we didn't buy many groceries back then. {X} Aux: {X} 494: You didn't go and take out big big bags of groceries like you do now. Aux: I was raised on my daddy running stores. Interviewer: Oh did he? Aux: Where I was born and raised. But you didn't uh {X} 494: In the fall of the year we'd buy a barrel of flour. And and course we did uh kill our own hogs we had our meat and and lard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: All the year and uh Aux: All you needed to buy was coffee and sugar. 494: Coffee and sugar and maybe a a bag a beans or something to last through the winter dried beans. Interviewer: {X} No purpose for a sa- for a basket or anything. 494: I I don't think so. Aux: Take the corn to a mill and 494: #1 Have it ground # Aux: #2 {X} # Get it ground for cornbread. {NS} {NW} Interviewer: In your conversation here I hoped that this is what would happen and it is happening. {NW} I'm getting questions from you're reminding me of things I wanted to ask. Uh when you took corn meal to be ground or took corn to be ground uh what was what did you call one load? {NS} Aux: One what? Interviewer: One load. I mean just enough to take in and {NS} And um 494: Now didn't we when we'd take it to be ground for meal did we sit out at home and shell it off the cob and put it in a sack. We didn't take it in a wagon. That to get it ground for meal. Interviewer: I see. 494: We sat down at home. Aux: They'd throw it in a little old sack throw it over their back Carry it to the mill and and The grist mill would take out toll. He he'd uh take out two corn for grinding yours. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And that's the way you paid him. Interviewer: Uh Aux: Oh. Interviewer: How much did you take? Aux: {D:Edna?} 494: Um it would just be a Aux: Half bushel. 494: I can remember we'd uh the days before my daddy'd take the meal or the corn to be ground we'd have we'd have to sit down us kids we'd sit down and Interviewer: I see {NW} 494: cause in the wintertime it's uh before the fireplace and we'd we'd shell off the nubbin end that might have some bad grains in it. And that would go in the bucket for the chickens. {NS} And uh then we only shelled what went in for our meal. The good corn. Interviewer: Now let's see the nubbin end would be the small one? 494: Uh-huh the small end. Cause it lots of times had some bad grains on it. And that would be shelled off in the chicken bucket. Interviewer: I see. 494: And then we'd have to shell the rest of it. And he'd have a sack I guess. I would he could carry a hundred pound sack at the time or not but Aux: No they wouldn't carry that much but {X} you didn't have to go that often. 494: And maybe the miller would take out about a peck you know he had a certain amount he'd take out for grinding it. Aux: In the summertime you couldn't we were getting 494: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 it in # pretty quick in hot weather course it was the wintertime. Interviewer: I see. Did you ever hear that called a turn a corn? 494: Yes uh-huh Aux: #1 {X} # 494: #2 That's what it's called. # Aux: Turn a corn. Interviewer: I see and Aux: A turn a corn's a mill. Interviewer: I see. So that would be about a half bushel. Aux: {X} Interviewer: And then you mentioned paper sacks did you um would you tell me something about the other sacks you had? 494: They were called tote sacks. Interviewer: Tote sacks? Aux: Totes. Interviewer: And what were they like? Uh {NS} 494: Like burlap. {NW} Interviewer: Whereas a tote sack would be just like a 494: A burlap bag uh-huh. Interviewer: You ever hear croker sack? 494: I never did did you? Aux: No I don't think I have {NS} Interviewer: Well so you didn't really have a use for baskets then. You had to gather eggs? 494: Yes now my mother had a egg basket. Aux: Egg basket. 494: And and she would take eggs to the store. Aux: #1 {X} # 494: #2 In this little basket # Uh-huh. {X} Interviewer: I see. {NS} And we have to cover everything where was the uh 494: Outhouse? Interviewer: Where was the outhouse? 494: It was out house. {NW} It was about as far back in the corner as you could get. {NW} And Interviewer: Did you call it uh you ever have any joking terms or uh? 494: Oh I think we called it the toilet and Aux: Now I know what toilets are 494: {D: I don't} Oh a closet I think I heard my mother call it the closet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh that'd be a fairly elegant term. 494: Uh-huh. It would be. Interviewer: Did you have any family names? 494: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 494: #2 The the name # Toilet would be kinda she didn't want to say that much and and call it the closet Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 494: #2 as you said # kind of a modest stuff. Interviewer: Uh-huh did you ever call it the privy or was that not a term? 494: Not really. Not really. Interviewer: #1 Huh-uh? # 494: #2 Huh-uh. # Interviewer: The white house or 494: No. Interviewer: Joking names like that 494: No. {X} Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} And uh on the outside of the house uh what did you have it covered with um? 494: The uh clabber clapboards that what you call 'em? Weatherboards weatherboarding. Interviewer: I see they they went uh horizontally they weren't up and 494: #1 down. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 494: Horizontally. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} And uh what how did you cover the what'd you have shingles or uh 494: Oh. Interviewer: like on the roof. 494: Wo- wood shingles I believe. {NS} Mostly. Aux: {X} 494: Yeah. Aux: {X} 494: We didn't have asphalt shingles like we have now. Interviewer: Do you remember uh uh using tin or uh? 494: Yes uh-huh. Aux: Oh yeah. {NS} Interviewer: It's a quite a racket uh Aux: #1 {X} # 494: #2 Yeah if it hailed or rained sure did. # Aux: {X} 494: Handmade shingles in other words what he's {NS} Interviewer: I see and what's uh {C: museum name?} they've got a an exhibit on an old farm and they show you how those shingles used to be made. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um How about uh {NS} Let's see. In this particular area how would the roof the roof come down 494: It was in a Yeah had a valley Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: down in Interviewer: And did you use uh anything to catch the 494: #1 Yes mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {X} # How was how did that work? 494: Well most the time it was just uh two boards nailed together in a V that ran from that uh the end of that valley down to the cistern. {NS} Interviewer: Uh would it would it run under the house or how? 494: Oh. {X} No we had a rain barrel and out here was the valley coming there and a rain barrel was there. And it just ran off into the rain barrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: #1 But now this cistern # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Cistern I mean you're a 494: Now let me see I believe he had gutters. Now would there have been tin gutters or? Wooden gutters and then right here there was a downspout and that wooden trough ran from from right there over to the cistern. Interviewer: Oh I see. {NS} 494: The gutters came off you know that porch off that side of the house. Interviewer: This whole side here? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And uh {NW} {NS} And a coal stove {NW} You had in the kitchen? 494: Uh it was a wood stove. Interviewer: Was it a wood stove? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you burn any coal or? 494: Not too much back then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Coal was kind of a uh uh rich man's uh commodity too. Interviewer: Was it you must have had plenty of wood. 494: Yes we did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you started to use coal what did you call the thing that you kept it in? 494: Uh coal scuttle. Interviewer: A scuttle? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh 494: But we had uh had the stove woodbox that's what we'd call it. And we shortened it to {D: stowood box} Interviewer: {NW} I see. {NW} 494: It's too much to say stove wood we just call it {D: stowood box} Aux: {D: stowood box} Interviewer: That's how it works. Aux: #1 {X} # 494: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh how about the fireplace the you got two of them would you describe the two of them? 494: Oh. {NW} Well they we had a what we call a dog irons. And that's what the wood was laid across. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And course we'd use the back log a biggun back in the back. Interviewer: How would you start the fire? 494: With the kindling and corn cobs soaked in {D: coal oil} Interviewer: Is that right? Uh {NS} Really got a 494: And I want {NW} I wanna tell you I can well remember when I was a little girl my mother and my older sisters were going off somewhere that afternoon. And she had made some light bread rolls to and she had 'em up in the warming closet in the of the oven you know I mean of the stove. It had a back up on it and then two little things I don't know if you've ever seen 'em or not. Interviewer: Oh yes over the 494: Over it they were called the warming closets. And she had these had two pounds of rolls up there rising to cook for supper. And she said everybody said I'm gonna leave this uh {NS} oh fire in the stove. And said every once in a while you go in and add a stick of wood so that I don't want the fire to go plumb out but I don't want it too hot I want it just to stay warm so the rolls will rise. Well I liked to read and I got off in one room I was way up in the parlor where I was reading I got real interested. And I forgot all about keeping that fire in there. And I thought about it later when it that was plumb out or I thought it was. I piled me a lot of wood in there and I reached around behind the stove and picked up the coal oil can. And poured some coal oil on that wood. Then I struck a match to it. And you can imagine the explosion I had. My eyebrows were singed and my hair was singed and of course the rolls fell flat because when it exploded the rolls fell flat. My mother came in I didn't say a word. She went in to look at her rolls see if they was ready and course they were flat. She came hunting me up she said what happened? She knew something had happened. So I had to tell her. Interviewer: And you were lucky just to get singed. 494: I was lucky to get singed that's right. Interviewer: Yeah. Oh that's a you took your duty too seriously. 494: Yeah. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What uh uh do you remember cooking in the fireplace at all or? 494: Yes we cooked some um. We had an old black what we called a dinner kettle. And especially in the wintertime course we didn't keep didn't have the fireplace going in the summertime but in the wintertime a lot of times my mother would uh hang this dinner kettle in there with beans in it Interviewer: #1 But how big was that uh # 494: #2 collard greens. # Oh it held I guess about a gallon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Cast iron? 494: Cast iron. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And then she had what she called a big heavy dutch oven. And she'd put the sweet potatoes in that and set it down on the coals and bake those sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Uh That's interesting did it have um did it have legs on it uh? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 494: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called a spider? 494: No. I don't believe I did. Interviewer: Uh {NS} Some places uh call what I'm sure is the same thing. 494: I guess it was. Interviewer: The spider. And other places call uh just a {NS} just an ordinary uh thing that you fry eggs in. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um 494: Skillet. Interviewer: Yeah a a sometimes #1 a spider. # 494: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} And uh {NS} They Let's see I don't think I asked you about the part above the fireplace. 494: We had a mantle. Interviewer: What you kept on it? {NS} 494: Well things that uh well we had a clock up there for one thing a striking clock. And I can't remember what else we did have up there. Aux: You had lamps {X} 494: Yes lamps that's where we had our lamps sitting up there. Interviewer: And how about the what was the {NW} solid place that? 494: The hearth? Interviewer: Yeah what was that made out of? {NW} 494: Uh Interviewer: {X} 494: Concrete and bricks. {NS} Brick I believe uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh stuff that um collected up in the chimney? 494: The ai- the soot. Interviewer: Uh-huh and did you ever did you ever remember your grandmother saying anything about uh using the ashes from the fireplace in the kitchen for anything? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What? 494: You made uh soap made lye soap made harmony. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how about would they bake anything in the ashes uh? 494: Oh you mean the hot ashes well that's what I was talking about a while ago with the uh Interviewer: They keep it in the oven. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of ash cake or um? {NS} 494: Hoecake johnnycake ho- hoecake I think's what we called it Interviewer: Uh-huh. And that would be baked in the ashes or not? 494: Uh-hu- {NW} Uh Interviewer: Apparently ash cake is like a hoecake except 494: #1 it was they'd # Interviewer: #2 Probably so. # put it in the ashes and cover it over. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And it would have a kinda special flavor that uh 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: they seem to relish. {NS} And how about uh What did you milk into? What did you use when you milked the cows uh? 494: Well in later years I can't re- I think we just used gallon syrup buckets {NS} earlier but in later years my mother had a special uh aluminum bucket. And she would milk in a little {D: steer} a little little {D: steer} about oh about a quart I guess. {NS} And a little handle on it. And she'd milk in that and then she'd pour it up into this bigger bucket. Interviewer: I see. 494: And that way she said if the cow kicked her or cow kicked it oh {NW} she wouldn't lose it all she'd just lose a little bit at a time. Interviewer: I see. What do you keep water in? 494: We had a water bucket we and it's in the kitchen we had our little what we called the the washstand. The water stand, wash stand I believe it was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: We had a water bucket and a dipper and a wash pan on that. Interviewer: What was that bucket made of? Wooden? 494: Uh no it was granite. Interviewer: It was? 494: Now I believe tha- {NW} #1 His mother had a wooden bucket # Interviewer: #2 {X} # You had a {D: cedar} 494: Cedar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And I think ours was granite. Though Interviewer: And uh did you what did you do with scraps from the table or did you have a 494: Well the hogs got 'em and the chickens got 'em we didn't have any problem back then. Interviewer: Uh-huh and what did you keep 'em in before you took 'em out? 494: We had a what we called a slop bucket. Interviewer: And that was in the pantry? 494: Behind the kitchen stove. Interviewer: Behind the stove mm-hmm. 494: Even the dishwater went in there. Interviewer: {NS} While I'm {NS} thinking about it {NS} uh how did you feed the hogs what did you pour uh {NS} 494: Had uh Interviewer: poured it from the slop bucket into what? 494: Into a trough. {NW} It was a it it too was v-shaped and made out about twelve inch planks. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And course stopped up at each end. That was called a hog trough. Interviewer: Did you ever know anybody who used a {D: hollow log} and? 494: Yes uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that right? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Pork trough. {NW} And uh the cups that you used for um did would you what'd you say you had a dipper? 494: We had a dipper ev- everybody used the same dipper. Interviewer: What uh was the dipper made of? 494: Well it was ours was granite what was yours? Aux: I guess it was I don't remember if we had a wooden dipper. {X} 494: Sometimes people used gourds. Aux: Yeah they used gourds. Interviewer: Yes I was 494: I believe at one time we had a gourd dipper I believe our gourd dipper hung out by the well. Aux: Keep it out at the well. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did uh you ever hear those gourds called anything else? Like a {D: simlin} 494: No. I never did. Interviewer: Does that word sound #1 familiar? # 494: #2 Huh-uh. # That doesn't even sound familiar at all. Interviewer: And {NW} Did you have anything called a tin pail or a tin cup or? {NS} 494: Mm Yes I think we did. {NS} Interviewer: Was that later years? 494: It probably was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And um When you first got electric uh what did they call the thing that's leaking out the light that you screw in a socket? {NS} What'd they call it when they first came out? 494: You mean the light bulb that part? Interviewer: Right so 494: Uh-huh light bulb. Interviewer: They just used 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: same. 494: But I tell you we had something before we had electricity. We had a carbine system. It was kinda like a gas system and that carbide outfit was kept in that cellar house. And we had it piped to every room in the house. {NS} Run through pipes. {NS} And course the the light was up in here in the center and and you'd light it like a gas light. Interviewer: I see. 494: And it was it really was Aux: {X} Carbide. 494: Mm-hmm. {X} That carbide made a {X} sor- sort of a gas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} {X} We were talking about uh using gas lights the other day and somebody remembered the word mantle. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 494: #2 Uh-huh. # Aux: {X} Come after this carbide though here. Interviewer: {X} Aux: Gas lights. Interviewer: Trying to think what was a mantle made out of that it lasted so long? I mean how do you remember what uh Aux: No I don't know what they were made out of. 494: If you touched it it would fall apart. Interviewer: {X} 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah it was very fragile but uh I wonder what it was made of. 494: I really don't know. {NS} We had carbide lights in that house. And when we sold it and left. {NS} And moved to Ridgley course we had electricity for the two years over there. But then when we moved back to the edge of Obion County we had to go back to coal oil lights. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 494: And it was uh {NS} well after I married moved up here course we didn't have electricity up here we still on coal oil. {NS} For a few years after I married my mother and dad got electricity through that section down there low- below the bluff. {NS} Aux: Bout 1938 I think it was working. 494: And I don't think we had electricity. I can't remember but anyhow we Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: we had and and at one time papa had a carb- oh Aux: Delco 494: Delco system. Interviewer: Delco I remember uh that was you make your own. 494: Make your own electricity. {X} {NS} Interviewer: I have an aunt who still has a Delco system in the basement uh. She doesn't use it but it's all set there in case uh um {NS} How about the the things that you would use to keep plants in the house over winter? Like your violet there. {NS} Uh {NS} But what would you keep what do you call the thing that you keep it in? 494: The flowerpot? Interviewer: Is that a flowerpot? And {NS} how about the thing that you keep cut flowers in? 494: Flower vase. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And um {NS} 494: I tell ya most of the time we didn't have store bought flower pots. We'd have an old bucket that had worn out that we'd plant our flowers in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Maybe paint it up or Interviewer: Keep 'em over winter? 494: Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: How about um {NS} when you were a girl did you have anything {NW} that you would put in a a nest to fool a hen? {NS} 494: Nest egg. Interviewer: Nest egg uh what exactly uh 494: {D: Liars} Gourds little gourds. Interviewer: Gourds. 494: We couldn't afford the store bought ones. {NW} Did you ever hear of what? Interviewer: You ever hear of china? 494: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 China egg? # 494: But that was the kind we couldn't afford you had to buy them so we used gourds most of the time. Interviewer: Uh what what were they like uh? 494: Well they were just a little round kind of shaped like an egg. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What um {NS} Why were they called uh d- china eggs? 494: Well I guess they were made out of uh some kind of china {NS} #1 material. # Interviewer: #2 Is that made in # 494: I suppose so. {NS} Interviewer: That was real light then? 494: Well I bet you they'd be an antique I mean they'd be Interviewer: Yes I 494: #1 a collector's item now wouldn't they? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. {NS} I've never seen one. 494: I've seen 'em. I think we had 'em in later years. But I can remember back when we lived at that place we {NS} we just used gourds mostly. Interviewer: And you'd call a {NS} call a this thing a nest egg? 494: A nest egg. #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 No matter what # it was made from? 494: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And at the table what did you eat with uh? {NS} The thing I'm looking for there is did you ever have case knives? 494: Yes. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 You did? # 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what are they? 494: Well they were what we call our table knives now. But uh they usually had a was it a bald handle and uh Aux: Yeah most of 'em did but ours doesn't have ours just a 494: But they did- they just called 'em case knives. Interviewer: I see nothing special. 494: Noth- I don't think. {NS} Interviewer: Uh Uh sometimes I got the impression that they were made with wooden handles. 494: Yes uh-huh it's I think they were. Interviewer: But that didn't make 'em a case knife they just uh it was just a name? 494: Well not that I know of now it could've been. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: But I just remember 'em being called case knives. Interviewer: Hmm how about the other utensils uh? 494: Well fork and spoon. {NS} We had a what we called a table spoon that went in the bowls. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: To dip out with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And how about the um {NS} the uh {X} three three words here. When you would tap a barrel to get something uh molasses out or something what would you call the thing that you put in? 494: The the {NS} the spicket is that what? Interviewer: Yeah. 494: I don't think we ever called I don't think we ever had a tap {D: bell to tap} but I think that's what it's called. Interviewer: And When you would get water piped into your house did you use the same term then or? 494: I think so. Interviewer: And would you turn {NW} 494: {X} We didn't have water piping in the house I don't think. {NW} For years and years of course I think by that time they were called faucets. Interviewer: I see spickets went out of use and faucets- 494: I think so uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh the way that you used to do dishes uh? 494: Well we had a dish pan and a draining pan. {NS} And I think I I don't remember whether we had a pan in between there or not that we rinsed them in. I think most of the time it was just washed in the soapy water and put over this draining pan and then you'd dry 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And did they say um about the ads talk about dish towels and dish cloths and so on but what did you say? 494: Uh drying rag. {NW} Drying rag. Interviewer: And dish? 494: Dish rag. Aux: Dish rag. 494: Dish rag and drying rag. Interviewer: And if you wanted to buy um {NS} a a cloth and you wanted to take along something you show the store keeper what you wanted it was an old square what would you call that? To take along uh {NS} 494: A patch. Uh a patch. Interviewer: Alright. Did you ever say sample? 494: Sample uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And {NS} how about uh the thing that you wear over your dress? {NS} {X} 494: Oh uh I can remember we had dust coats. Interviewer: Did ya? 494: We had dust coats. Of course we had aprons. And uh Interviewer: Then what's the difference? Between a between an apron do you remember them just coming to the waist? 494: Uh some of them did and some of them came on up and went around your neck. Most of them I think went around your neck and tied back here in the back. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And {NW} how about uh things that you used to keep your small coins in? {NS} Did you have any 494: Mm-hmm the sugar bowl I guess in the. Interviewer: Sugar bowl. And uh to take it to town what would you put it in? 494: Mm. You I don't know. I don't even know whether we had a bank account back then at all I'm not sure. {NW} Interviewer: Uh I wonder would you use #1 pocket # 494: #2 I guess we did # Interviewer: Pocketbook or purse? 494: Yes mm-hmm. Aux: {X} these long pocketbooks. 494: Yeah pocketbooks what it was called. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then purse uh Was a later term or? 494: I think so cause I know it was I can remember pocketbook from way back. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Which do you use today? 494: Well I I use I use both terms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: Sometimes ol' pocketbook comes back and I use that most of the time don't I? Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: My thought is if you use a small one did they would you say 494: Well nowadays I say uh billfold or a coin purse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: But I don't know what I said back then. Interviewer: And 494: Change purse I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the thing that ladies wear around their wrists? {D: or arments} 494: Bracelets? Interviewer: It's always been. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And around the neck? Is 494: Oh now {NW} {D: laudalliere} {C: probably lavalliere} was worn around their necks. Interviewer: Now that's a new one. 494: Lavaliere I don't know how you spell it. But now I can remember it was a chain with a little uh well they'd call it a a pendant now I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: But I can remember it was called a lavaliere back then. Interviewer: That's a new one uh. {X} Aux: That's what she'd call it a lavaliere. 494: And then uh they wore brooches. You know for pins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: We call 'em pins or garment pins or scatter pins or costume jewelry they called 'em brooches. Interviewer: I see. How about uh {NS} other than the lavaliere what what would you {NS} 494: Beads? Aux: Beads? 494: Yeah would it be a string or? String of beads. Aux: String of beads. Interviewer: The thing I I was curious about did you ever hear uh pair of beads? 494: Yes. Pair of beads. {NW} That's right. Interviewer: What is a pair of beads? 494: I now I've wondered that too. Aux: I think they're just the words. 494: But now that's the expression pair of beads. Interviewer: And there there's nothing two about it? 494: #1 No uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 There's just a string. # Mm. 494: Right. Interviewer: Well that's a mystery I 494: Well it it is but now that's what it was called pair of beads. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How about uh {NS} a girl {NW} {NS} who liked to spend a lot of time in front of the mirror? How you say she sure likes to 494: Primp. Interviewer: Primp? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And how about a man? If he thought he was kind of a good-looking guy what start worrying about it what would he be doing? He likes to 494: Huh I don't know. Interviewer: A man doesn't do it very much. {NW} Didn't have a chance to I suppose. Uh. 494: Well what is that word he us- or to use? {NS} Cause he wouldn't be primping that would be sissy. {NS} I don't know. Interviewer: Would you {NW} Would you ever use the word doll up? {NS} For a man? {NW} 494: Might do it. Might do it. Aux: Too soon we'll spend about an hour every morning on their hair. {NW} Wash it and dry it and spray it. {NW} Interviewer: To our generation that that is uh I see it on television and you know these these guys are up there {NW} and they uh #1 blower and everything and. # 494: #2 Yep that's right. # Interviewer: Hard to to uh {NS} to believe. And uh how about the things you carry to keep the rain off and what would you carry to keep the sun off? Would you take? 494: The umbrella. Parasol. Interviewer: Which would be which uh? 494: Well uh It was called a parasol way back then wasn't it but uh Interviewer: I I was wondering uh sometimes I think {NS} I cause I hear the two terms used was parasol was more for sun and 494: I believe it was. So maybe the umbrella. Interviewer: the umbrella was the real thing. 494: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: And uh How about a man um? {NS} Suppose um {NS} that's true when a man's uh old his best clothes are worn out his wife might say uh it's time for you to what? Aux: Clean up. {NW} Interviewer: Go to the store and what buy a? 494: Buy a new suit. Uh Interviewer: And what would he buy then? {NW} What kind of 494: Oh. Interviewer: Remember your father's uh {NS} 494: Well it'd just it'd just be his Sunday clothes that's Sunday clothes. Interviewer: What would they be made out of uh or what parts would there be? Um Excuse me a sec- Interviewer: {NS} While we were changing the tape there you said that he didn't use a vest right? And uh what 494: Well now when he dressed up he used the vest because I can remember I can just see today his pocket watch from one vest pocket and the and the chain and then the fob of his oh chain over in his other vest pocket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how about uh how did he hold up his trousers? 494: With suspenders. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Ever hear #1 galluses? # 494: #2 Galluses? # {NW} Galluses that's what Papa called it galluses. Interviewer: Right. Uh-huh. 494: {D: Wasn't suspensers.} Interviewer: And uh how you you use the word overalls um when you were talking about the washing uh did you use a word jeans? 494: #1 No no mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 cause if so uh # Is that a it must be #1 a recent uh # 494: #2 That's a new # a to- uh well what's the what {X} to being We didn't know anything about jeans back in those days. Interviewer: Everything was overalls. 494: Overalls. Interviewer: Um 494: Or britches. {NS} Interviewer: Is that right uh? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That was my experience and overalls would be uh either pants without a bib or with a bib. 494: #1 Well now most of the time we think # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: of overalls we think of 'em coming with a bib with these straps coming over and hooking here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How about just blue denim trousers? What was your 494: Well they were just britches. Interviewer: Britches. Uh-huh. 494: Weren't they {X} Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: And if somebody {NW} if a boy had his britches uh pockets full of things he had found stones and all sorts of things you'd say well look at his pockets what? 494: Bulging. Interviewer: Bulging. #1 Uh-huh. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: And uh how about um if you boil a new shirt {NW} hot water sometimes uh got trouble getting {X} it it what? 494: shrunk. Interviewer: Shrunk? 494: Mm-hmm. Aux: Drew up. 494: #1 Drew up. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: #1 Drew up that was the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Alright. Drew up is 494: Drew up. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Let's um {NS} I hope you enjoy this one {X} 494: #1 Oh I'm just I'm having fun # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: #1 And bout the washing # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: #1 you talking about # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: the lye soap we'd take a knife and go out there and cut the bar of lye soap up into the water boiling water in the kettle and it would melt up. And then on the rub board we had you know there's a little place up here on the rub board I don't know where you know or not but you'd lay your bar soap and you'd rub some of that soap on this rub part of it and then scrub your clothes with that. And maybe if there's a real dirty spot you'd take the bar of soap rub it on that real dirty spot. Interviewer: Right. 494: But to boil it in the kettle we cut it up with a knife. Interviewer: Oh I see. And if I understand you you boiled it then you rubbed it then you boiled it. 494: That's right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: Now let's see we rubbed it then boiled it Aux: show you boiled lye soap Interviewer: Oh yeah. {NW} Yes sir. Aux: While to make that. 494: I made it for the Obion #1 County fair last year. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 494: #1 We had what we called the old country store and # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Fine smell. 494: And I didn't have enough made I sold it for a quarter a bar #1 and I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: it went like hot cakes. Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: She made that out in the wash kettle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: {NW} He helped me make it. {C: laughing} Interviewer: very uh It's got a fresh uh 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: In fact it smells like ivory doesn't it I suppose Ivory deliberately {NW} 494: Probably. Interviewer: made their uh soap {X} Aux: You can't buy {X} now though. Interviewer: Um And there's no way to make it. 494: And there's no wood Interviewer: #1 ashes like we used to have in our stove. # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: I I think our merchant out here at Elbridge got in a case the other day so it it is kind a hard to get but you can get it occasionally. Interviewer: Would uh would coal ash uh work? 494: No I don't think so huh-uh. Had to be wood ash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well uh I'd like to switch over to {NW} some questions about foods. Um 494: Okay. Interviewer: What um did you have a word for foods that um 494: Vittles. Interviewer: All of them #1 together? # 494: #2 Mm-hmm # vittles.{C: laughing} Put the vittles on the table. Interviewer: And uh if you ate between meals what was that uh? 494: {NW} That just eating between meals. Interviewer: Uh-huh Would you call it a bite or uh 494: A a bite you wouldn't call it a snack because we didn't I don't think we used the term snack until later. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And uh if you cooked a lot and then served it a second time you re- #1 heat it # 494: #2 Warmed over. # Interviewer: Warmed overs? And what did you have on the table for seasoning um 494: Oh you mean like salt or? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: We had salt and pepper and the sugar bowl. Interviewer: Did you have anything for greens? 494: Uh yes we had uh uh pepper sauce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how about molasses? 494: We had molasses pitchers always on our table and the butter dish. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did um did you use you said molasses pitcher did you use any other word? {NS} there 494: Mm Interviewer: Molasses stand? {NS} 494: Yes you know I believe we did. No it was a preserve stand. Molasses pitcher preserve stand. Interviewer: Preserve stand. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what was that? {X} 494: Well that's what we had the pear preserves in or peach preserves or Interviewer: And the stand in other words it'd be just a Aux: Stood up on a little 494: Stood up on a little #1 pedestal like and uh # Aux: #2 # 494: had a top on it. And my mother you know she'd can the pear preserves and instead of setting the can on the table or the jar you might #1 say # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 494: she would empty it out in this preserve stand. Interviewer: I see. I see. I heard that used with molasses I'm not quite sure. And you would dip out the preserves? 494: #1 Uh-huh dip out the preserves uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # With molasses. And uh {NW} You ever remember anything like this uh when something is cooking and and people would come in uh and they'd say well I just and they'd sniff #1 and they'd say # 494: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: wow just what? 494: Smells good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would they ever say smell that? 494: Smell that? Uh-huh. Interviewer: Would they say smell it or smell of it? 494: Uh But smell that I believe yeah I don't believe it'd be smell of that. Interviewer: I've heard both. 494: Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Curious. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Some places I I guess they say consistently yeah just smell that {NS} 494: Yes since you mentioned it I believe it is smell of that. Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: And {NW} how about um eggs uh did you how did you use 'em how did you 494: We Interviewer: prepare 'em? 494: We uh well you wouldn't say raised your own eggs we had our own eggs had our own hens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: I guess produced our own eggs would be the word. And well we cooked 'em just about every way you could cook 'em. We had fried eggs and scrambled eggs and boiled eggs and Interviewer: How would you boil 'em? 494: stuffed eggs. {NW} Put 'em in a {X} Interviewer: Boil 'em how long and until 494: Well now you really boiled eggs back then. You know nowadays I don't think you're supposed to boil 'em you're really supposed to kindly {NW} you're not supposed to boil at all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: oh But I think they really boiled back then. Aux: Put 'em in boiling water and let 'em boil about 494: Uh-huh. Aux: eight or ten minutes if you wanted 'em hard boiled. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So did they Aux: not too hard 494: Now my dad would always like an egg uh soft boiled egg. He didn't want it to stay in there over two or three minutes. And he liked to then crack it open and and take a spoon and dig out the inside into a little dish and put some butter and salt and pepper. He liked that. Interviewer: What would you call the insides the two parts? 494: {NW} Well I don't know. Interviewer: Would you say uh yellow or? 494: Yeah yellow. Interviewer: Yolk? 494: #1 No it was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: #1 yellow. # Interviewer: #2 yolk? # 494: The yellow of an egg. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yellow and the white? 494: Mm-hmm the yellow and the white. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh poached eggs uh did you ever 494: Yes. Interviewer: Did you ever hear them called dropped eggs? 494: No. Just poached eggs. Interviewer: And um you mentioned hominy you made your own. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NW} And how about uh tell me something about uh the way you used milk but you you'd milk and then from the milk pail where would it go? 494: Oh it would go my mother had a strainer. No I believe she kept a cloth a clean cloth that she used to strain her milk through. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: She always said a strainer you couldn't keep a strainer clean enough and she was very particular about the milk. And these this was one of the things she would really boil is that milk straining cloth. It was pure white and um you'd strain it through that. And then we drank lots of milk th- those days because we didn't have any- such a thing as iced tea. Of course we children weren't allowed to drink coffee. And uh we dranked it whole milk and we'd eat clabber a lot. #1 Did you ever hear that? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I was wondering about that. Did you make anything of the clabber uh? 494: Oh We learned in later years to make cottage cheese but I don't think my mother ever learned to make cottage cheese out of that. But we would we really liked that clabber. And we'd sprinkle sugar on it and eat it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Supposed to be very good for you. 494: Uh-huh That's about the same thing as yogurt Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: nowadays. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How about butter? Did you uh 494: Oh yes we had our own butter. Churned our own butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what did you call it when the butter would get too old and? 494: Well it was it was rancid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever #1 hear # 494: #2 That's # when she- she'd use that and make it a {X} soap. #1 Instead of a # Interviewer: #2 Oh # I see. 494: Uh-huh she'd use old butter lot a times making soap. Interviewer: Um Would you mention uh {NS} cornmeal uh what kind of things did you make out of cornmeal? 494: Mush. Interviewer: Mush? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Ah 494: It's real good. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh but uh did you ever fry it? 494: Uh-uh. {NW} Aux: {X} 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Oh well you call mush 494: Oh no no he was talking about uh Aux: frying cornbread 494: he's talking about frying the {D: makeup of} Aux: butter 494: cor- uh meal with hot water and salt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And ma- it's called uh hoecake but {NW} but fried mush yes my mother we'd have uh mush for supper one night and she would pour some of it out into a a bowl and let it sit overnight. And then the next morning it would slice out real nice and she would dip that in egg and fry it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Real good. Interviewer: And the hoecake i- that is uh fried also? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Do you remember anything else um that you would make out of cornmeal? Ever hear of corn dodgers? 494: Well that's just about the same thing as hoecake. Corn dodgers and hoecake different people called 'em different thing corn pone. Interviewer: Corn dumplings? 494: Corn dumplings. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Hush puppies? 494: Hush puppies. Interviewer: Uh what do what do you put onions in or or didn't you? Uh I've heard that you {NS} that you make something it isn't clear to me what but I think they fry it the cornmeal and and they slice a little bit of green onion in. 494: Well now you do that for hush puppies #1 I mean you you you # Interviewer: #2 Is that hush puppy um # 494: put some gr- you put onion in hush puppies. Interviewer: If you didn't in the corn dodgers 494: Well I guess you could if you wanted to. Interviewer: Uh in other words do you think a corn dodger is the same thing as a hush #1 puppy? # 494: #2 Well I # think it is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: Now now corn dodgers is not the same thing as a hush puppy. A corn dodger to me is the same thing as a oh what'd we call hoecake. Interviewer: Hoecake. 494: Hoecake. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh anything else that you remember how to cornmeal? 494: Well not right off. Course we had our regular cornbread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: That was was a batter and baked #1 and we ate a lot of that with sweet milk. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # bake it in pones or 494: In a a skillet or a now this was egg cornbread we put an egg in. Interviewer: Mm 494: Now the corn pone and corn dodger you don't put an egg in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: But now cornbread oh you do you make it up in a batter and put an egg in it. Interviewer: I see. 494: And pour it out into a hot skillet or a hot pan some people have bread pans or square or oblong Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: and you put it in the oven and bake it. And now some corn pones you put in the oven and bake and some now the kind his mother used to make she put it on top of a stove. It was kind of a thick uh batter. And uh it would cook she'd let it brown on one side and then she'd put a plate on top of that and she'd flop it over and then slip it back in let it brown on that side. Slip it off the plate back into the skillet and brown on that side. Interviewer: I see. 494: And that was real good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How about um uh hoecakes and um {NW} things made out of um {NS} 494: Flour? Interviewer: flour. 494: We call those uh flapjacks. Interviewer: Those would be flapjacks. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh uh the two would not be the same. 494: No huh-uh. Cause flapjacks and uh well they're called pancakes now I think. Aux: isn't what you call a corn flitters do you? 494: Yeah corn fritters. That's right. Interviewer: Now that's uh a very interesting thing just happened I think you said something different from what she said. 494: Fritters and flitters. {NW} Well I think they were called both things I don't know why but Interviewer: I- I've heard both uh 494: I have too. Interviewer: Flitters and fritters 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: uh-huh. And in fact uh this is the first time I've heard th- those terms this far north. 494: Well Interviewer: Uh Flitters I hear more often in south Georgia. Aux: Is that right? Interviewer: And uh so y- you did you Did you happen to have relatives who may have been from there or 494: Well no I didn't. Interviewer: So you always used the term 494: #1 We've used that term uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: Now that's an egg batter too that that's still different from the dodgers and the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} with flour. 494: Uh it's made with corn meal though instead of flour. You call it the corn flitter or fritter whichever one you want to. Interviewer: Oh I see. 494: #1 And you drop it # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: #1 just like you would a pancake. # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: You know how to pa- you drop a pancake What you do drop this cornmeal batter in a little Interviewer: so that 494: about four in a skillet. Interviewer: So your corn fritter or flitter is not the same as a hoecake. {NW} 494: No huh-uh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well that's interesting I uh never got that straight uh um how about donuts did you ever make them or did you call them by anything? 494: Well yes we made 'em but but uh I don't think we made 'em too often. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you call 'em donuts or did your 494: I believe we called 'em donuts. Interviewer: How about uh fried cakes? 494: No I don't believe we called 'em fried cakes these called donuts. Interviewer: And uh in some some German uh uh families with German #1 ancestry # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh I think some times they use 494: Fried cake? Interviewer: fried cakes or uh um or all kinds of things #1 um # 494: #2 uh-huh # I tell you what my mother did do we didn't have uh little packages of yeast that you could go to the store and buy. I don't know when and where she got her starter but she always had a starter of yeast dough. And it would get dried up sometime but you could put it in water and it would come back. Interviewer: Mm. 494: And that's what she made her yeast bread out of. Interviewer: Continue growing it uh 494: Continue growing it. Interviewer: I see. You really were independent those days. {NW} 494: You had to be you didn't have any money.{C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Must have been a factor of {D: good feeling} And how about uh other things for dessert that you remember? Anything made out of apples or peaches or 494: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 deep dish? # 494: we had uh fried peach pies and fried apple pies and uh apple dumplings and uh Interviewer: Did you Aux: We had dried apples. 494: Yep dried apples. Aux: good you can dry them yourself put it 'em up on a window let 'em dry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Yep dried apples. Interviewer: Uh how about a cobbler? 494: Mm-hmm we had plenty of cobblers. Interviewer: Is that now a fried apple pie is different. 494: Uh yes cause we'd use it sometimes it would be out of the dried apples that were cooked and sometimes it would be out of canned apples. Um You just put some of the apple mixture on the piece of dough and fold it over and fry it. Interviewer: Mm. That um 494: And then we had uh oh Interviewer: Could I ask you some of the- 494: Okay. Interviewer: Excuse me #1 but I # 494: #2 Uh-huh go ahead. # Interviewer: shouldn't have interrupted you there. 494: Go ahead. Interviewer: Uh {NW} Wondering if your fried apple pie might be an apple dowdy? Pandowdy? 494: Well now we didn't call it that. Interviewer: Uh apple slump? 494: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Deep apple pie? 494: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Pot pie? 494: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay apple grunt? 494: No. Interviewer: All kinds of things uh. 494: It's just apple pie. Or apple cobbler. Interviewer: I see I am sorry I shoulda 494: #1 That's alright. # Interviewer: #2 through there. # 494: I started to tell you we had what my mother used to she'd make uh she called it a poor man's pie that didn't take any eggs. It was just milk and sugar and butter and flour. She'd mix that up together and put it in a crust and bake it. Aux: They were really good. 494: Yeah they's good. Interviewer: That be a hard flat uh dough? 494: Th- no the crust you'd have your pie crust but it would be kind of a creamy filling. Interviewer: Mm. 494: It uh it just didn't have any eggs in it. Interviewer: I see. 494: She'd put a little nutmeg in it. Aux: It turned out where you just cut it out. 494: It would slice out like egg custard but it wouldn't be yellow like an egg custard it'd be a white pie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see that's um That's a new one. Poor man's #1 pie. # 494: #2 Poor man's # pie. Interviewer: Alright. And uh what you would use um oh what kind of pudding what would you pour over it? 494: A sauce. Interviewer: Always a sauce. And {NW} how about uh freshwater fish that you have around here? You remember did you use much fish uh? 494: We didn't use much fish maybe once a year we'd go down to the big lake we called it {NW} and fry our fish. But now I think I've heard my mother talk about uh this was back in her younger days maybe in oh well I'm the youngest one in my family I think maybe she they had two of the children. And they'd go camping down on the lake. And uh they'd fish and fry their fish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: But as far as just having fish two to three times a week at home we didn't do it. Interviewer: Just didn't like it is that? 494: We just couldn't we just didn't it wasn't available Interviewer: Mm 494: and it was too far to go you you just had a buggy and uh mules or {D: wagon} Aux: You know didn't have those fish farms then like we do nowadays you just have to maybe go down to the creek to catch some polliwogs. 494: Yeah we we could do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: People just didn't have time {X} Interviewer: It does take time. A polliwog would be a like a 494: Small catfish. Aux: Small fish. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} While I'm thinking about that uh did you ever turn over rocks in the creek and find anything that you might eat? Like uh 494: I haven't. Interviewer: Crawdad sound familiar? 494: Yeah crawdad or crawfish. Interviewer: Crawfish? 494: But I never did catch any I was too scared of the things. Interviewer: I see. I see. 494: #1 Now he may have I don't know. # Aux: #2 {X} # I haven't. Interviewer: And when you go fishing what uh what would you use for bait? 494: #1 Worms. # Aux: #2 Worms mostly # 494: Bread. Aux: Bread or worms. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever use these little um Aux: {NW} Interviewer: fish or small baby fish tiny little 494: Oh well no uh-huh. Aux: Some of 'em do I just I never did fish much Interviewer: Uh What did they call 'em uh? {X} Minnies? 494: #1 Mi-minnows uh-huh minnows. # Aux: #2 Minnows minnows # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: But we used when me and my nephew would go fishing down in the creek we'd just dig us some red worms and go Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh when do you remember seafood first coming in uh? Must have been very rare when you were 494: Oh it was #1 rare. # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: {X} It was after we married I think that {NS} and several years after we married. {NW} We just haven't had fresh seafood around these parts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you uh what do you remember seafood uh? 494: Oysters is first I remember. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: About the only I'd uh that about all I would eat is oysters. Interviewer: And uh how about lobster or anything? 494: I've never eaten a lobster. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how about these orange things? 494: Uh shrimp? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: I've eaten shrimp. Oh Fried now I've never tried to tackle one not fried I it looks too raw I don't know. {NW} But it's just been in the later years that I've had a Interviewer: Uh-huh 494: a chance to even eat shrimp. Fried shrimp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um so that little bone that you get out of a chicken 494: The pulley bone. Interviewer: Pulley bone? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh do you remember anything that goes uh with that #1 any # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: superstition and what was uh? 494: You put it uh if you're not married you put it up over the door Interviewer: Was that right? 494: and the first young unmarried man that walks through that door was supposed to be your future husband. Interviewer: I didn't know it. {NW} Aux: They do it with two take 'em one on one side one on the other and pull 'em and the one that gets the shortest piece supposed to marry first. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The shortest. 494: Yeah the shortest. Aux: longest Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: one way or the other Interviewer: Now did you ever hear the two parts of the bone uh called anything particular? 494: No. Interviewer: The boy bone? 494: No #1 I never # Interviewer: #2 Af- after # it's pulled #1 apart uh # 494: #2 huh-uh. # Interviewer: Well it's either the long or the short and I can't Some people say uh one some the other. It was called a boy bone and I imagine that has to do with um getting married. 494: Probably so. {NS} Interviewer: You say you you did your own uh uh you had your own hogs uh would you describe the how you kill 'em and uh 494: {NW} Interviewer: Uh in fact I uh {NW} I mentioned this the other day to somebody and I said uh I can't remember anything about hog butchering. There's not a hog butcher he's a hog killer. 494: Hog killer that's right yes sir I remember about it. Interviewer: Alright would you describe that uh 494: Well you had to get up real early that morning before daylight and uh we had a big uh what's called a hog scalder. It's a big long vat of a thing and uh it's filled with water and there's a pit. It's placed over a pit. And my dad would build a fire in that pit and then course he he's done it too because we've killed hogs since we've been married in fact it hadn't been too many years ago since we quit killing hogs. And you build this hot fire under there and uh when the water get uh got the right temperature how did you test the water? Aux: We just sorta tell from looking at it when it was hot enough {X} 494: And sometimes they kill the hogs in different ways I've seen my dad knock 'em in the head with a sledgehammer and when it when he'd knock 'em in the head they'd keel over and then there'd be somebody right there with a sharp knife to cut their throats. Or in later years we used the twenty two rifle and shot 'em and then somebody'd cut their throats. And they'd it take several men to do that you'd put 'em over in the scalding water then. And then when they turn 'em over in that scalding water they'd turn 'em out here on this board that was laying nearby the vat and they'd go scrape it men would scraping these hairs off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And then they'd what they called a gamble stick they'd put the slick between these two uh what do you call 'em liters? Aux: Mm-hmm. 494: here in their feet and hang 'em up head down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And uh there'd be a man there that would uh cut 'em open then called gutting 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And then the women would takeover from there the women would take this big tub of guts and they'd go stripping this fat off of the guts. Interviewer: I see. 494: And you'd cook that and get lard. Interviewer: Pull the fat from that. 494: Fat from that there'd be a good good bit of fat sticking to the entrails. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And you'd strip that down every once in a while you'd break one of those entrails you'd have a mess. {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever use the entrails for anything uh? 494: Well we didn't. A lot of people we know did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: They'd uh They'd stuff their sausage they'd clean 'em and stuff their sausage in those entrails. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And uh didn't some people use those entrails as chitlins? Aux: Oh yeah. 494: #1 Chitlins. # Aux: #2 There's tons of # people make chitlins from 'em. 494: We never did we'd we never made chitlins Interviewer: Mm-hmm What kind of meat would you uh get from the hog and uh 494: We'd have what we call the middling meat that would be the side what's what the bacon's made out of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Now we'd salt that down and that would be sliced and fried as such as we fry bacon nowadays. Then we'd have the hams and we'd have the shoulders what we call then we'd have the back bone that'd be cut up and boiled. You'd have ribs. Interviewer: From the back uh 494: Uh-huh from come off the backbone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And uh we'd have tenderloin Interviewer: Uh the tenderloin would also come 494: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 come from # {X} 494: Come from I believe after you the middling out there's a big strip there on the middling that you'd pull off and that would be the tenderloin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's supposed to be the best right? 494: That's good sure is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And then of course sausage and you get your sausage from trimming up the hams and shoulders to square 'em off or round 'em off however you want 'em and then you'd grind that up into sausage. And then the fat that came off of that you'd cut it up into small pieces put it in the wash kettle and cook it and cook it and cook it till your your cracklings got at a certain stage. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: You'd strain that lard off and uh you'd have the lard to use and the cracklings to make crackling bread that's another thing you make out of cornbread. Interviewer: Uh-huh that's right. 494: #1 Crackling bread real good. # Interviewer: #2 Uh uh-huh # How about um the the en- the organs um? 494: We'd have the liver and the heart and the the melt and a lot of people ate the lights. Interviewer: And what's the melt? 494: The melt is a little tender strip that looks kinda like the liver. It's it's it looks but it's Don't it? Aux: That's all I'd say that's all I know it just looks like it but it's you have to call 'em melts. 494: Now you'd stew that now he never did like stewed liver but now you could take chopped uh cut some of that liver up and cut that melt up and cut a piece of the heart up and put it in a pot and stew it drop you a pot of hot pepper over in there that's good. {NW} But the only way he wanted liver was fried. {NW} Interviewer: She makes it sound good doesn't she? {NW} Aux: {X} take the feet and the head and made souse. 494: That's right we made souse. Uh I think it's called head cheese in some places but it's called souse around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh I've never {NW} if I have I I've slipped my mind this for this word melt is uh 494: Well there's a little en- Interviewer: You 494: the little uh Interviewer: it is an organ? 494: organ in there or it's attached onto the liver or somewhere it's called the melt Aux: the liver you cut it off from the liver Interviewer: And uh the lights would be lungs? 494: Now yes and a lot of people ate those but I I just never did like those. #1 They're kind of spongy or something. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh 494: And there's there's something called the sweet bread now where it came from I don't know but you could put it in the stew and it was real good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um how about um the um there were well did you have a word for all the organs that you'd cut out? Aux: We called 'em guts. Interviewer: Guts {NW} 494: Well Aux: Entrails. Interviewer: The entrails? Aux: The entrails 494: Yeah uh-huh Interviewer: But uh did you ever hear the word harslet or haslet? 494: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Neither one? 494: Mm-mm. Interviewer: And {NW} different kinds of sausage did you ever make any liver sausage? 494: No. Interviewer: The liver put in? 494: No. Interviewer: Mm. 494: We never did. Interviewer: Uh but if you know of it uh 494: I've heard of it and you can buy what you call liver cheese now. In the grocery you know sliced up but Interviewer: Uh now liver cheese is probably where what used to be called liver pudding is is that 494: Well I guess it is. Interviewer: Do you know that word? 494: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Or did you ever # 494: #1 no I never did # Interviewer: #2 use it uh? # Alright. and uh blood sausage or 494: No. Interviewer: black 494: mm-mm Interviewer: And if meat uh didn't keep you said it's gone what? 494: Oh it's spoiled. Interviewer: Spoiled. 494: Mm-hmm. Ruined {NW} Interviewer: And {NW} how about some vegetables what vegetables did you grow in the in the garden? And in fact how did you refer to 'em? The whole collection. 494: We just called it the garden. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever 494: It wasn't a vegetable garden it was just a garden. Interviewer: Uh did you ever refer to them as garden stuff or garden truck or 494: Uh-huh garden stuff I don't believe I e- we ever called it the garden truck I believe we would call it garden stuff. Interviewer: How about sass garden sass? 494: No I don't believe I heard of that. Interviewer: And what what was it that you grew in the garden? 494: Well we had beans and corn and Interviewer: What kind of beans? uh 494: Well uh we mostly grew the kind that you stick Kentucky wonder pole beans Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And then we had a bunch of bean that we'd let stay on there and shell it we wouldn't pick any of 'em off until they were at the shelling stage and then of course we had the kind that you you snapped you know green beans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And back when I was a girl growing up oh you didn't have food freezers and you didn't have pressure cookers to can 'em oh we either ate it fresh or we dried it. Now of course tomatoes and things like that we can but now as far as canning shelled beans and canning corn and uh things like that now I believe my mother canned snap beans. Interviewer: #1 but # 494: #2 uh # Interviewer: actually it would be quite an effort to can 494: Yes uh-huh Interviewer: it'd be easier to I suppose you could dry a great deal. 494: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: Much shorter time than than to can 494: And we had the we had the salad patch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm where was 494: You heard that expression?{C: laughing} {NW} That's turnip greens or or #1 mustard # Interviewer: #2 did you use mustard # 494: Uh uh-huh and we used mustard greens too. But it was called go out and pick a mess of salad it wasn't go out and pick a mess of mustard greens Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: You'd just pick a mess of salad. Interviewer: And uh did you ever plant some potatoes but uh? 494: Yes we had Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes. Interviewer: How about the term yam? 494: No uh we never did use that Aux: We we called sweet potatoes not yams 494: We've never used that term around here too much Interviewer: I'm told that there's a there're two different kinds 494: Uh-huh Interviewer: between yams and {X} 494: I think it's a little difference in 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh other things that you grow um? tobacco 494: Mm Interviewer: cabbage? 494: Cabbage onions Aux: Spinach 494: English peas Interviewer: How about something you put in soup? 494: Oh {D: sassafras} what uh Interviewer: Okra? 494: Okra we had we grew okra mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh 494: We grew mostly the l- about the same as what you grow today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Radishes? 494: Radishes mm-hmm Interviewer: How about the little tomatoes that uh would volunteer? Might not grow bigger than that 494: Uh-huh we had some of those too. Interviewer: you remember what you called 'em? 494: Tommy toes. Interviewer: Tommy toes 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: uh-huh And uh some questions about corn uh did you use much corn on the table? 494: We did when it was fresh course we had no way to preserve it uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: {X} now we really enjoyed it though when it was fresh. Interviewer: Wh- what did you call it uh 494: Well we called it fried corn or if we boiled it on the cob it was corn on the cob Interviewer: Mm-hmm Yeah the different um on 494: #1 Roas- roast- # Interviewer: #2 top # 494: {NW} You thinking about roasting ears? Interviewer: Roasting ears. 494: Roasting ears.{C: laughing} It was Interviewer: Which uh 494: I think it's really supposed to be roasting ears. But there again we shortened it to roasting ears. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Hmm And you would you say corn on the cob or roasting ears or both or? 494: Both Interviewer: Both 494: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 uh # Mm-hmm. You ever hear mutton corn? 494: Mm Interviewer: And the thing on the top of a stalk of corn is 494: tassel {D: a tousle} Interviewer: Uh-huh and the that uh stuff uh the nubbin that you have to pull off um 494: Oh the shuck? Is that what you're talking about? Interviewer: #1 Well the shuck would be the whole thing and then # 494: #2 Yes the silk # The silk Interviewer: #1 The silk? # 494: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: And {NW} The little things that grow in the woods um #1 sometimes they're poisonous # 494: #2 Mushrooms? # Interviewer: that sometimes 494: mushrooms Interviewer: Yeah 494: We never did hunt for them we was too {X} Aux: but you can eat them they good Interviewer: I didn't catch that 494: Spring chicken Aux: #1 Spring chicken # Interviewer: #2 Oh is that right? # Aux: It's its it's not mushrooms it's uh it's something. 494: It's a type of mushroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: They were real good though Lay 'em there and fry 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm And if they were poisonous what do you call 'em? 494: Toadstools. Interviewer: Toadstools {NW} uh I've heard some some uh different terms for that uh frogstools frog bench frog table 494: Never heard of that. Mm-mm Interviewer: And uh how about {NW} you raised your own gourds for for water 494: Yes uh-huh Interviewer: And I think I asked you about {D: simlins} 494: Oh I've never heard of that. Interviewer: Now How about melons? 494: Yes we raised our melons too. Interviewer: {X} 494: Watermelons and mush melons too cantaloupes. Interviewer: Did you uh have much did you ever raise pumpkins or? 494: Yes we raised pumpkins. Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: Used to raise pumpkins and corn every year Interviewer: Oh they they would be in the corn? Aux: Put 'em in the corn for the hogs Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: And then they'd eat two Interviewer: Corn they would eat it? 494: Yes you could eat the field pumpkins too Interviewer: Um Di- did you say pumpkin or punkin when you were growing up? 494: Punkin {NW} punkin {NW} Interviewer: And you mentioned that you weren't supposed to drink coffee but people drank their coffee uh how did they how did they drink it? uh 494: They Interviewer: anything in it or 494: Uh yes Uh well people liked different things some liked sugar in it only some liked cream in it only or milk Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: some like both in it. And if I got to drink it it had to be about half milk and half coffee and uh pour some sugar in it. Interviewer: And if you didn't drink it uh with either what would you say I'll take my coffee 494: Straight Interviewer: straight 494: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You ever hear anybody call it barefoot? 494: No Interviewer: Barefoot coffee naked coffee? 494: {X} I think today they say I'll take my coffee black Interviewer: uh-huh 494: But I think back when I was a girl growing up they said I'll take my coffee straight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh {NS} you would would you have things at the table to drink water from vase 494: Water glasses Interviewer: #1 Water glasses # 494: #2 Mm-hmm # Oh I tell you another something about the coffee my dad always poured hi- his out in the saucer and drank it out of the saucer. Aux: They called it a #1 {D: sipty cup, a sipty cup} # 494: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Ah to cool it off huh? 494: And then uh he he would take a biscuit and crumb it up in his coffee and he called that hushpuppy Interviewer: Oh {NW} I see. I see Uh How about homemade whiskey or or beer? 494: No the only thing we ever came close to that we ha- got a hold of some California beer seed one time and I'd like to get a hold of some of that again I can remember that Interviewer: Never heard of that 494: we had it down in our cellar and it was good. It looked like it was little white seeds and you put it in water and it would ferment and I don't know where we got 'em but it they were down in that cellar I can remember #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 California # beer seeds. 494: #1 California beer seeds. # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: #1 # Aux: #2 {X} # how you got 'em around the start of the mill bu-but I know there was 494: It was sweet and it uh well it didn't have a kick to it like whiskey would have it was just a Aux: just a 494: just a good drink good sweet #1 drink. # Interviewer: #2 kinda like # um root beer? 494: I imagine uh-huh Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you remember any terms that they would use for homemade whiskey? 494: Home brew Interviewer: Home brew? 494: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Would that be whiskey or beer? Aux: Well that's more of a beer term isn't it 494: I guess so it's made out of different fruits. Aux: Made out of uh Interviewer: Oh I see Aux: malt and #1 sugar and water # 494: #2 uh-huh # #1 yeah and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 494: apples cut up Aux: some apples in it or #1 you can put # 494: #2 peaches # Aux: peaches in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. um would they use something like white mule or white #1 lightning? # 494: #2 Yeah I've heard of that # white mule. Interviewer: That would be a whiskey. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: {D: blow or} um #1 moonshine # 494: #2 no # Interviewer: popsicle? 494: I've heard of moonshine but I've never heard of that other word. Aux: they had the stills back in {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm Aux: people make their own whiskey out in the woods Interviewer: I guess that was 494: We we were decent people though we didn't do that. {NW} Interviewer: You didn't even talk about it huh? {NW} 494: No Interviewer: Uh {NW} I've heard stump whiskey or stump or um all kinds of differential I think most of these were words uh that a community would put together to mislead somebody else 494: probably so {X} Interviewer: code word they would use uh And how about berries? 494: Oh yes we picked blackberries we we had strawberries few of those in the garden Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: and we had wild blackberries and raspberries I believe that was about all we had. I don't think we had any dewberries. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and peanuts uh 494: Peanuts we grew peanuts Interviewer: Did you call 'em peanuts #1 or # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Goobers sometimes called goobers Interviewer: That's the same 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: same thing mm-hmm and other nuts uh come to mind? 494: We had walnuts that's all we had. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: pecans} 494: Oh yes I guess we did have {D: hickory nuts) few if we'd go out in the woods and hunt 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: mostly walnuts. Interviewer: And these uh oval shaped um {D: ring 'em I think} get 'em from California 494: Almonds or Interviewer: Did you say almonds when you were a girl? 494: Well I didn't even know what it was. Interviewer: No and {NW} you don't uh have pecans around 494: We didn't then. Oh now there might have been some wild trees around but we didn't have any close to us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: And we Interviewer: Do you today? 494: We have s- two out here in our backyard. They not not bearing too good Interviewer: Uh-huh Do people Aux: They grow walnuts. 494: Oh yes people grow pecans. Uh #1 A lot through here uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 But no orchards # Mm-hmm. 494: A lot of people yeah everybody has one or two in their yards. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: We don't have what you call many just plain orchards around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: I don't normally just regular pecan orchards. 494: No. Aux: They grow a lot in Mississippi. Interviewer: Yes {X} beautiful orchards I mean oh but they can't market them because transportation is a problem mm getting 'em 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: picked and to market and just too much of a 494: And I'll tell you something else while you on food oh and when I smelled an orange today I think of Christmas because then was the only time we got oranges. Interviewer: It's a real treat. 494: When we got oranges it was Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: Because you one thing you couldn't go to the store anytime during the year and and buy oranges and then that that was a luxury that uh if you could if they did have 'em in the store it was a luxury you couldn't buy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: But at Christmas time we got oranges. Aux: That's the only time of the year they were in the store is during Christmas time. Interviewer: At Christmas time 494: Mm-hmm Aux: You didn't have 'em all during the year then Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: like you do now. Interviewer: I remember uh my own childhood we never had any oranges except in the what was called a treat that the Sunday school used to give the kids uh {NW} and uh they always had uh some some nuts and uh an orange 494: Mm-hmm Interviewer: and candy. How about uh different fruits uh did you have any cherries? 494: Yes we had cherries and peaches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm How did you prepare the cherries uh? #1 Did uh # 494: #2 oh # Interviewer: can 'em or make preserves? 494: Uh-huh we'd can 'em most of the time. Interviewer: How did you uh prepare them? 494: Oh well you just had to sit down one by one and squeeze that pit out of 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: and uh well they just a one by one job. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh {NW} how about peaches what kind of 494: oh Well we had we had two kinds we had the free stone peach and then we had the clean peach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And we made peach pickle out of the clean peach the kind that clung to seed you peel 'em and pickle 'em whole Interviewer: I see 494: and the other kind you'd uh you know cut off the seed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: They'd burst off the seed rather and can them for pies and to eat. Interviewer: And uh apples you mentioned uh you dry your own apples #1 uh # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh how would you get the how would you prepare them to dry? 494: Well uh we most of the time would peel the apple and then we'd slice it off all the way around the core. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: But I have known people to ha- uh core take uh well they'd peel it and then they'd take the core out and slice 'em cross ways and have a little round slice of apple with a hole in the center. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever hear that called a snit? 494: Mm-mm Interviewer: Eh um and what kind of um you'd make preserves di- would you make any kind of jelly uh 494: Mm-hmm apple jelly Interviewer: mm-hmm that was a chief uh 494: uh-huh Interviewer: kind. and um when you would dry fruit uh how would you describe what would happen to it shr- it would shrink or 494: It would shrink up uh-huh and uh Interviewer: um {NS} you ever use the word shrivel? 494: Shrivel yes Interviewer: the uh same? 494: That's that's a word that you used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And uh you mentioned a syrup can uh which leads me to think that you had uh sugar maples is this right? 494: No now what we had mostly was sorghum molasses. Interviewer: Oh I see 494: Mm-hmm We had the sorghum molasses pitcher. Interviewer: I see. 494: #1 And once # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: #1 # Aux: #2 {D:you know} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: mm-hmm Aux: {X} 494: Occasionally we might have a a bucket of uh Louisiana syrup that my dad'd find somewhere in a store and buy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: and I didn't care too much for it it was too sickening uh flavor. Interviewer: too sweet 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you have uh maples {X} 494: No I don't think so I don't think we have Aux: No I don't think so either Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh {NW} 494: Now we have what's called a sugar maple but as far as anybody ever tapping 'em and getting syrup making uh Interviewer: you don't remember 494: I don't uh-uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} 494: {NW} In my growing up years I don't remember anybody ever tapping and getting syrup from maple trees. Interviewer: You had the sorghum syrup {X} 494: Uh what? Interviewer: You had the sorghum #1 molasses so there was no purpose # 494: #2 Yes uh-huh we we grew the cane # for the sorghum molasses Interviewer: Uh-huh How did you um how would you grow sugar if you bought sugar for preserving? 494: You Interviewer: Ho- how would you sell it in a store? 494: Oh you you bought it by the it was in a big barrel or big bin and you went and bought uh say I want a quarter worth of sugar or fifty cents worth of sugar and uh and the store keeper would take a scoop and scoop it up into a paper bag and weigh it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: on his scales. Interviewer: And you #1 said # 494: #2 It # wasn't prepackaged like it is now. Interviewer: Eh when it wasn't prepackaged you called it um 494: Our fifty cents worth of sugar. Interviewer: Uh-huh Selling it in 494: in the {D: book} uh-huh Interviewer: I see. And town people would buy um lard I suppose same 494: #1 Uh-huh # Aux: #2 Same way # 494: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Same way. # And uh the uh did you grow many fruit trees um? 494: Oh nearly everybody had a few trees around in their Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: yard. You didn't have to spray 'em back #1 then like you do now # Aux: #2 {X} # pear tree 494: Yeah we had plum trees. Aux: Plum trees 494: And uh apricot trees Aux: apricot trees Interviewer: Oh could you really Aux: Yeah Interviewer: grow apricots here? 494: But this day and time y- it costs so much to spray 'em oh that it's just a cheaper or more economical to go to a peach orchard or apple orchard and get what you #1 need # Interviewer: #2 right # 494: as to try to raise your own. Interviewer: Mm Aux: {X} apple orchard peach orchard {X} pretty good size orchard 494: Well I I don't why back then you didn't have to spray 'em uh Aux: Well you didn't have to spray nothing much back then like we do now. Interviewer: Seems there's Aux: garden wasn't sprayed then Interviewer: all kinds of uh lice and bugs and everything else uh Aux: maybe when uh uh you'd have lice on the cabbage they'd put ashes around 'em uh lice on the cabbage {NW} I've seen my mother go out and take wood ashes to sprinkle around 'em Interviewer: Is that right? 494: Mm-hmm {NW} Interviewer: A-and that was for lice not the bu- not the worm but the {NW} I see You know there are a lot of young people are getting interested in that kind of thing now 494: Yes there's a lot this back to #1 nature # Interviewer: #2 Yes uh-huh # 494: organic gardening. Interviewer: I uh takes a lot of lot more knowledge than I've got but I- I'm in favor of it 494: #1 I am too # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: #1 I tell you I believe all this # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: stuff that we're eating's causing all this cancer so many people's having. Interviewer: Uh They can't prove that it isn't 494: I know it Interviewer: And uh th-th-the burden of proof is on us I guess we can't prove that it is but 494: We just don't know what we're eating in this #1 day and time # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's right. # I'd like to uh shift to some questions about uh they're just ordinary life uh for example going to school could you um tell me something about your school life um? Uh when how long did the school run and and uh that kind of thing. 494: Well it uh we had I guess an ordinary term Uh back when I first started to school we had it was a little two teacher one room school and we went to school in what we called the school wagon. One of the men in the community had a top on his wagon kind of like a canvas top and he'd go from our house he'd pick up the children yo- you paid so much each month to get to ride the school wagon and he would take you to school in his wagon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: and uh Then a few years later I believe it got to where we'd have the split term didn't we when the when cotton {NW} there's a lot of cotton that had to be uh prevalent in the community. And we'd start early in July and then turn out for cotton picking about a month or six weeks and then have the rest of the term. Interviewer: I see 494: And now that stayed in effect until Aux: just two 494: about oh ten or fifteen years ago and uh the reason I guess it's not still going on because people don't pick cotton by hand nowadays they use cotton pickers you know the machinery. Interviewer: Now that's interesting 494: #1 But we had a split term. # Aux: #2 {X| # 494: #1 # Aux: #2 {X} # 494: And then when the school wagon played out we had a horse and buggy that me and my two sisters were educated uh uh with this ol' we had an old gray horse we called him old George and he went to school with us every day. Interviewer: And 494: {D: care of us} Interviewer: Uh th- that must've been {X} 494: They had stables at school when we when we'd get to school we'd put him in the stable. Interviewer: Were you uh kind of fortunate to have that? 494: Yes we were Interviewer: Uh-huh 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: I imagine most many #1 families didn't # 494: #2 walked # Interviewer: uh 494: Right Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see Uh how about uh {NW} how did you refer to the teacher? as {NW} uh just a teacher or a schoolmarm or how did 494: Oh just as a teacher Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And how would she refer to you? #1 her # 494: #2 that # as a pupil Interviewer: pupil? 494: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: And uh suppose you {NS} I suppose George wouldn't let you but uh suppose you decided not to go some day uh 494: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 What was that # called? 494: Well playing hooky I guess {NW} But I did oh I'd get to school {NS} and I'd get sick. And I'd start I'd tell the teacher I was sick and wanted to go home well she'd let me and I'd start out walking. And I had an aunt that lived just a little piece up the road and she knew my tricks and she'd be watching for me she'd see me coming she'd come out want to know what's the matter I'd say I'm sick I'm going home she'd say well come in the house a minute and she'd give me a dose of castor oil. {NW} And that cured me I soon learn- and I couldn't get by her house I couldn't fool her. {NW} And she knew I was playing off that's why she'd give me the castor oil. Interviewer: I see. Well that's I think worse than a worse than a thrashing I {NW} Wha- what did they do to the boys if they caught 'em? 494: Oh they'd uh whip 'em. Interviewer: Yeah 494: I don't think they used the word thrashed did they just whip 'em just whip 'em. Interviewer: And how were the different years how did you know that you were succeeding in school as you moved from 494: You'd pass. You'd pass from first grade to second #1 grades # Interviewer: #2 right # 494: so on and so forth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what kind of uh subjects would you study uh did they did you have much uh history? 494: Oh yes we did uh we had history reading and writing and arithmetic. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh how did they refer to the war between the states or the civil war in history? Did you study that very much? 494: Um yes in the eighth grade I think we had to do what we called United States history. And we had all that in the eighth grade. Interviewer: How did they refer to it? As 494: The war between the states? Interviewer: Yes uh-huh 494: that's th- Interviewer: Rather than the civil war? 494: I think so. Aux: Mm 494: Uh-huh Aux: war was war between the states Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: I believe it was Interviewer: Uh i-has that changed uh {NW} 494: I really don't know Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: whether it has or not Interviewer: Do you hear the other term? 494: Yes we hear the other term now more civil war Interviewer: Mm-hmm and {NW} did you study geography? 494: Yes geography was a very important subject. Interviewer: Uh 494: Spelling was Interviewer: What what did they consider to be uh the southern states in geography? 494: Oh um Kentucky down Kentucky I don't well was Arkansas one Arkansas Louisiana and Kentucky and then on Aux: Alabama and Georgia 494: Alabama and Georgia Mississippi Florida South Carolina Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: Now I don't know about North Carolina Interviewer: Is that right? and Do they consider uh was Florida very important state then 494: Well I don't think it seem- I don't believe it was as important back then as it was now. Aux: Didn't think as much of it then as we do now {NS} Interviewer: What would be the uh major cities that you remember? 494: Hmm Interviewer: in the south 494: Memphis? {NW} Um Birmingham Atlanta New Orleans Interviewer: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you study any of the Carolina #1 cities uh # 494: #2 yes # Interviewer: Charleston 494: Mm-hmm Yeah we did Charleston that was one of them Interviewer: Any cities in uh in Georgia? 494: At-Atlanta is about the only one that I can remember studying is Atlanta Interviewer: Remember Savannah or 494: Oh yes Savannah Interviewer: And Macon or Maybe these weren't too 494: I remember Savannah but I don't remember too much about Macon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The reason I I'm interested in these questions is uh uh I think our view of or young people's view of the world is so different from ours uh I know {NW} my own childhood uh uh New York and Washington was you know something #1 so far away # 494: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm {NW} Interviewer: It was almost like another planet. 494: That's right. Interviewer: And uh the smaller cities and states would not really be uh we just wouldn't know 'em we'd know the capital. so 494: Uh-huh now that was mostly the way it was when I was in school. We'd have to learn the capitals of each state. Interviewer: Do you remember uh th- the major cities in Tennessee was much made of that uh? 494: Oh Interviewer: Memphis uh 494: Not too much. oh Interviewer: Was um 494: As I said the capitals of the states were about the only things that we learned. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was your attitude toward say the cities in the east uh? 494: Didn't know too much about 'em. Interviewer: Chattanooga was a far #1 far # 494: #2 Yeah # It was a far piece away. Interviewer: and 494: Even Memphis was far away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and {NW} Did you uh study Texas very much? 494: Well just uh as the general run of geography goes course we had to learn the capital of Texas {NS} and as far other than that Interviewer: Did you think of it as a part of the south or? {NW} 494: Well I don't really know I guess I did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Those are it's interesting how um attitudes change like that 494: I believe thought more of Texas being west Interviewer: Pretty far west 494: I think I did Interviewer: We always did 494: Uh-huh Aux: out west Interviewer: Wild west uh Aux: yep Interviewer: And how about um {NW} cities in Alabama other than you mentioned Birmingham but uh did you how about the {X} Gulf Coast? 494: Well I think I can remember Mobile it may be that there was a song written about Mobile maybe that is the reason. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: I can't remember what the song was now. Interviewer: Wasn't something about Mobile Bay? 494: Uh maybe it was. I think that the railroad track the the Mo- Mobile Aux: a giant cash signs uh 494: No The Mobile and Interviewer: Mobile in Ohio 494: That's it Mobile in Ohio Interviewer: Mm 494: Railroad tracks maybe came through not too far west of uh east of Obion maybe that's where I learned the name Mobile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And how about uh {NW} places in the north? {NW} the east 494: Well as you said that was a far piece off {NW} but my uncle oh well what was his job he was with a poultry company and when chickens were shipped north he rode the train and had to feed the chickens in route and I had heard him talk of New York because that was one of the places he went with chickens. Interviewer: I see. How about the nation's capital how was that referred to uh? 494: Well I I don't remember. Interviewer: Mm-hmm did you say Washington DC or? 494: Uh-huh Washington DC I think when we said it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: It's been so long ago I don't even remember. And and they seem so close now. Interviewer: Uh-huh 494: It's hard to remember how you #1 felt back then # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # That's right. uh it's it's interesting though. 494: Yes it is Interviewer: to try to how how did you regard cities say in Ohio? uh was that pretty far away? 494: Yes it was. Interviewer: How about Cincinnati? 494: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Oh D- did you study it um 494: Well of course we studied it but i-it's hard to remember as I said a while ago since those places are so familiar now from television Interviewer: right 494: and newspapers and Interviewer: {X} 494: And we we have traveled you know through several of the states and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: It's Interviewer: What was your attitude towards Chicago? 494: Well that was a far piece off to and a and a mean town {NW} Interviewer: What did you think about Cincinnati {D: Ohio?} Did you have any #1 feelings # 494: #2 no # I didn't have any feelings at all. The thing that brings to my mind about Cincinnati my my sister was a music teacher she studied music and at one time she talked about going to the Cincinnati Conservatory for music. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: And that's the first I can remember or about the only thing I can remember about Cincinnati's being a music uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: center there. Interviewer: The it has a nickname the Queen City it was I think at one time the center of culture 494: Uh-huh Interviewer: Midwest. Uh how about uh how did they teach you to pronounce things St. Louis or St. Louis? 494: St. Louis. Interviewer: St. Louis? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh And the state uh 494: Missouri Interviewer: Missouri uh many time they say Missouri and uh {NW} does that sound more natural or 494: Missouri sounds more natural Interviewer: Uh-huh 494: Course in later years I'd learned to say Missouri but I think since you've mentioned it back when I was growing up it was Missouri Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: and not Missouri just Missouri Interviewer: Mm-hmm Missouri 494: Missouri Interviewer: Same with Cincinnati. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: that's Cincinnati, but Cincinnati. 494: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay and uh Di- did you do you remember anything about uh the New England states? W-was that felt to be a center of {NS} 494: Oh Interviewer: maybe culture or 494: I think so {NS} The New England states were just far off and something to be studied about in geography never visited and and uh {NW} probably never would never be seen in Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} Cause I remember them they were they were thought to be uh {X} all the money and uh 494: uh-huh Interviewer: the universities and uh what seemed to be centered there. {NS} In fact I think most of the country felt pretty inferior about uh somebody who towards somebody who came from New England. 494: Mm-hmm Does the south still feel inferior to the those states? Interviewer: {NS} schools 494: Ladies only schools Interviewer: And uh What kind of furniture did you have in uh in the school room? 494: What kind of friends did you say? Interviewer: Furniture. 494: Oh furniture we had uh well I first started is double seats desk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: You had a desk partner, or desk mate. Is that what it's called? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Two of you sat at the same desk. Interviewer: How many 494: #1 And then uh when the teacher called the reading class # Interviewer: #2 How many would there be? # 494: you'd go up to the front she had a bean chair there and you sit on that bean chair up there in front of her desk for your reading class. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. About how many um did you did you have in the room? 494: Well we when I first started the school we had all eight grades in one room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how many desks did you have um 494: {NW} #1 Well the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: Mm the room was about the size of a this house I guess. Interviewer: That's large. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: I hate to be the teacher. 494: Well um Well wasn't it? Aux: I don't hardly remember that school building down where you were in. 494: Well it it was it's pretty good #1 size room. # Aux: #2 Yeah. # This is a pretty good size room I guess it was 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Sure would have um have to behave or you'd have nothing but #1 chaos. # 494: #2 Oh yes # And and you had to raise your hand for permission uh to go talk to someone or even go talk to the teacher or to be excused or even to go out the door to spit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} 494: Anything to get up to get out of that desk. You could think up a lot of excuses to raise your hand to get permission to do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And and uh were was there a section for the teacher at the front 494: Uh-huh mm-hmm. Interviewer: And about how many desks and what do you say? 494: Well we were in rows uh maybe the little first graders were over here in smaller desks and then the desks got larger as they went on over. Interviewer: Oh I see 494: And when she'd call first grade readers while we'd go to the front. Interviewer: I see 494: The rest of you rest of 'em were supposed to be studying. Interviewer: Sure they'd have to be different sizes. 494: Uh-huh Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh how about after you finished um What was your attitude toward going on after high school? Did you 494: Well when I finished high school oh I had marriage in mind. I didn't want to go on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} if people did want to go on 494: If I had if I had gone on it woulda either been to a business school or into nurses' training. Those were my two choices that I had thought about during high school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Where would the men go if they wanted to be a lawyer? or a doctor? 494: Well. We had the University of Tennessee didn't we? Aux: Yeah 494: There at the time? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 494: I think. And I guess that would be where they'd go. {NS} Interviewer: Did they uh 494: We had our our church schools we had Lambert. We had Union University, the Baptist school. Interviewer: Did they talk about going away to college or Aux: Uh-huh 494: Yes talked about going away to college mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh Did they refer to or how did they refer to uh the general experience of school said that you're gonna get a good what? 494: Good education. Interviewer: Education. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: They you remember people talking about book learning? 494: Mm-hmm Interviewer: much uh 494: mm-hmm {X} But uh that was mostly when I was down in grade school. Interviewer: Oh I see 494: Course it was called education time I got on up to high school. But book learning was definitely a word used in this part. Interviewer: And if a girl didn't uh become a nurse what else might she become if she went to a town? 494: Oh well she could be a secretary. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Hmm My parents weren't much interested in me making a nurse because back then they thought nurses were kindly uh led a pretty loose life or immoral life. {NW} They weren't interested at all me making a nurse. Interviewer: Is that right? 494: But they were willing to send me to a business school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Uh Interviewer: That's interesting. Uh nurses are the hero- the heroines #1 of today. # 494: #2 I tried uh-huh # Interviewer: {NS} But they were they felt 494: I don't know why they had that attitude maybe they knew some nurses I don't know. Interviewer: Well I agree with that I agree that there are places where um a doctor might be respected but the nurse is uh not especially. 494: Yeah Interviewer: And uh if someone came home and displayed something um some information his father might say or where did you learn that or who taught you or what would he say? 494: You mean if if a child went off to school somewhere and Interviewer: He would come home and he would #1 show off # 494: #2 Oh # Interviewer: something that he had 494: Yeah well where'd you get that tomfool notion? {NW} Interviewer: Uh Aux: Crazy eyed 494: Yeah crazy eyed {NW} Interviewer: Who taught you that? 494: Mm-hmm Who learned you that? Interviewer: Who learned you 494: Who learned you that? Wasn't who taught you that, it was who learned you that. Interviewer: Uh-huh And in the morning uh What time did the school uh 494: Eight o'clock. Interviewer: And here you say take up? 494: Take up school took up at the eight o'clock. Interviewer: And the afternoon? 494: Let out. Interviewer: At. Aux: Four. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 494: We had recesses. Interviewer: And how about uh homemade games uh playthings Did you ever have anything that uh was on a pole a plank on a pole and it would go around? push you around? 494: I don't know. Interviewer: Just you know homemade Aux: Like it would go here scooting around. 494: Oh you meant the merry-go-round. Interviewer: Yes. 494: Yes. Interviewer: You either have it at school or at home? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And you call that merry go round? 494: Merry go round Interviewer: did you ever hear it called a flying Jenny? 494: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Is that right? 494: Mm-hmm Aux: They got one out there in Clovedale that what they call it 494: What flying Jenny? Aux: Flying Jenny. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: But back then we called 'em 494: Merry-go-rounds Interviewer: Merry go rounds And a uh board that was uh limber but fixed on both ends you jump on it. 494: Oh what was that called? Oh I know what you're talking bout. Interviewer: Does a joggling board sound 494: No I guess we just called it the jumping board. Interviewer: Jumping board Mm-hmm And a board on a 494: See-saw. Interviewer: {X} Aux: See-saw. 494: See-saw. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh {NW} Thing that you would blow on to make music. 494: Uh. Aux: French harp. 494: French harp. Interviewer: French harp. Or. 494: Harmonica. Aux: Jew's harp. Interviewer: Or between your teeth. 494: Jew's harp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh did you refer to toys or little things like that as uh 494: Play pretties. Interviewer: Play pretties? 494: Mm-hmm. Aux: Play pretty. {NS} 494: I don't reckon I even knew toy is, was a word, it's play pretties. Interviewer: Play pretties, mm-hmm. How about uh When you went for a, or when you go fishing, what would you What would you go out in? On a creek or on a lake? Would you go on a lake or Aux: {D: go up the creek} 494: I didn't, I was scared to go out on a boat, but it is a boat. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh did they have rowboats? 494: Rowboats, uh-huh. Interviewer: And {NW} things horseshoes, you ever 494: Yeah, pitch horseshoes, pitch washers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And how about, speaking of horseshoes, {NW} Did you watch uh blacksmiths work very much uh? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Remember how they used to put horseshoes on? 494: Mm-hmm. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh. Tell me something about that. Do you have a recollection of it? 494: Well I just tell you that blacksmith was that leather apron on and you Aux: {X} 494: Yeah he backs, would back up, bring that horse's foot up between his knees and hold it. And it would just keep me the creeps to see him cutting off maybe part of that hoof. With a, what do you use, a rasp or something? Aux: A rasp, or you can use a knife. 494: I, I didn't like to watch it much because it hurt me to see him cut that off. I'm sure it wasn't hurting the horse but uh It's just like somebody squeaking on the black board, I can hardly stand it. And then when he took these nails and started driving 'em in that, that hurt too, so I just never watched him much, but I have, watched it. Interviewer: Watched it. And uh did you ever uh call a a game of horseshoes anything other than horseshoes? 494: No, I don't think I did, did you? Aux: Horseshoes on that, that's what we call it. Interviewer: And {NW} when you played tag, what would what was a place where you ran to get safe? 494: Home base. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you uh 494: I don't think we said home base, they just home. We'd say home free or. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh when when people uh play hide and seek, and you get behind a a bush or something, you say when I was, let's what? So they can't see us, let's 494: Squat? Interviewer: Squat down? 494: Well yes, squat, uh-huh. Interviewer: Reason I asked that is uh when men, who would get down like this and talk What was this called? 494: Squatting down. Interviewer: Squatting down? You ever hear hunker? 494: Yeah hunker, we heard that, hunker down. Interviewer: Is hunker {X} 494: Hunker down. Interviewer: {X} A uh child who who would tell things on other kids. 494: {D: shribs.} Interviewer: It'd be fibs, and what would the child be called? 494: A tattletale. Interviewer: Tattletale. {NW} And if you put your head down and rolled over, you were turning 494: Turn somersaults Interviewer: Or 494: Somersets. Interviewer: I was wondering 494: Somersets. Interviewer: You said somerset. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. When you- 494: That was the word then. Somerset. Interviewer: Some people call it somerset, or or tumbleset.} 494: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Somersault. 494: Well somersault is the word we know today, but back then it was somerset, uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh when you {X} be old enough uh to get interested in in boys and girls what uh what would this be uh 494: Courting. Interviewer: Known as. 494: Courting. Interviewer: Courting? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: Sparking, as you mentioned the word a while ago, sparking. Interviewer: And uh you would refer to your 494: A feller. Interviewer: A feller? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And he would refer to you as 494: I don't know. Sweetheart. {NW} I don't Interviewer: Sweetheart? 494: Beau? Uh Aux: I guess 494: Well a beau would be a feller. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How about uh What was kissing known as, did you have any uh names for that uh smooching or? 494: Yes, smooching. {NW} That was a good name. Interviewer: And uh did you ever go to a dance very much uh 494: Not too much no. We did some but my parents didn't allow that too much. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Look like I don't wanna In high school, I did some. Interviewer: What kind of dancing? 494: Just mostly uh when it wasn't square dancing it was just I think we call it round dancing and just waltzing and uh. Interviewer: We had a lot of square dancing. 494: Yeah. Now he did, he went to a lot of dances. Aux: A lot of square dances. We had a square dance somewhere {D: most of the weekend} {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: We just get somebody to get one, we go back and clean out the room. Have a square dance right there. Interviewer: I see. Uh did your parents uh frown on on a one kind of dance? 494: Well they just frowned on dancing period. Interviewer: I see. But it's interesting that uh You enjoyed uh square dance and yet you 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You kept from it. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: There was nothing about square dance as rowdy necessarily. Aux: No, it was just a lot of fun, it's just uh had somebody uh playing a fiddle, somebody picking a guitar and somebody calling {D: sets} and a bunch out there dancing. {NW} 494: I went to some after I started going with him. Oh. Course I was already graduated from high school and and as he said, I like it if they came in here for the dance that night, all this furniture would be moved out and the rug would be rolled up. Aux: Mm-hmm. 494: It'd just be the empty room. And the fiddlers would be over in one corner, guitar play- players in a Interviewer: You hope that you have a solid floor. 494: Yeah. Aux: Somebody calling the 494: But I just didn't go to any dances up until then. Interviewer: I see. And. {NW} If a uh. If a man were to escort you home what would he say, may I 494: Mm. I don't know because I went and came with him. {NW} Interviewer: I see. 494: What would. What'd you say if you Aux: Carry you home I guess. 494: I guess so, carry you home. Interviewer: Carry you home, mm-hmm. And if you had a, if he asked you to marry him, and you turned him down, people would say, well, she what? 494: Oh, what's that word. She {NW} Aw I can't even think of it jilted him. Interviewer: Jilted him? 494: Jilted him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I have a whole uh List of things. She gave him the sack. The gate. The axe. 494: Yeah. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh. And {NW} But if you accepted him then you say well I think next month we're gonna be Aux: Married? 494: Uh Engaged? Is that what Interviewer: Uh okay after you get engaged then 494: Married. Interviewer: Could it be married? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Did you use any joking terms for married? 494: Hitched. I believe hitched to be the one. Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: Hitched. Interviewer: During uh a wedding ceremony people who would uh stand up with you would be known as what? The man standing up there Aux: The best man. 494: Yeah, I know what they're called. Interviewer: Best man. 494: {NW} I don't know back then, what they'd be called your uh Interviewer: I'm wondering did you ever hear the term waiter? 494: No. Interviewer: Alright in some areas they, both the man and the girl stand 494: Were called waiters? Interviewer: Would be called waiters. 494: Well though I think they call 'em best man and maid of honor or just tendance Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} 494: Or witnesses. Yes they were called witnesses. Aux: Her, her, her sister um brother in law stood up for that. All the while I guess we called them witnesses 494: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: They didn't say marriage} Interviewer: And after a wedding somebody would, your friends may {X} 494: Shivaree 'em. Interviewer: Shivaree 'em? 494: Shivaree 'em. Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Do you remember those? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Do they still happen or not? 494: I don't think they do that too much. Interviewer: Would you describe what went on in the shivaree? 494: Well there'd be a lot of practical jokes played and Some of them not too practical {NW} Aux: {D: You ride 'em on a rail} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: Just a lot of things. What is all in fun but sometimes it wasn't too funny either. Aux: Well, no one {X} their home, get the mat out and keep 'em separated the whole night. {NW} Interviewer: Uh. All kinds of uh Aux: All kinds of jokes. Interviewer: Noisy uh er parading around the 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: in the wagon? 494: That's right. Interviewer: And uh. It's curious uh 494: And that's boiled down now to just decorating the car, writing Interviewer: Yeah. 494: all over the car and tying toilet tissue all over it and tin cans and Interviewer: It's a funny thing, the uh This business of uh shivaree {X} or whatever. it's called. I don't find it in Mississippi at all. 494: Well. Interviewer: People just never did it. 494: Well it it was done here around here, but it's just died out. Aux: Back then when {X} they give you showers before, See they didn't ever give nobody no showers back then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: But couples now just married they'll give 'em a shower. 494: Oh several showers or teas uh. Interviewer: The shivaree that I understand was not quite that 494: No it wasn't quite that. Aux: Shivaree wasn't 494: There were no gifts connected with a shivaree, that was just. {NS} Interviewer: And after uh the woman is married and uh she was gonna have a child you'd say she 494: Well you just didn't say, period. That was just, that was just something you didn't talk about. Interviewer: Suppose two women would be talking to each other. What would they say? 494: Oh I don't think, I think pregnant was a word that just wasn't used much, I think they'd use the term to have a baby, #1 maybe. # Interviewer: #2 Have a baby. # 494: I, I. It just wasn't talked about then. Interviewer: And who assisted with the birth? 494: Well I don't think we had many midwives around through here, it was We usually had the country doctor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, did you ever hear of a granny? 494: Yes, I've heard of a granny. Aux: Didn't you have Yeah, I remember granny was, 494: I guess they were called grannies instead of midwives. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh {NW} A mother makes a uh that she has had three children, and she she reared them, she raised them up, she what? 494: She raised them. Interviewer: She raised them. And if a child resembles uh Say the boy resembles his father and the girl resembles his uh her, her mother. 494: They favor. Interviewer: They favor? 494: They favor their dad or they favor the mother. Interviewer: The appearance, right? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Suppose the uh father is very moody and the child turns out very moody, you say he. 494: Takes after his father, takes after his father. Interviewer: And disposition. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And {NW} How were children referred to? Would you say kids very much? 494: I don't think we used the term kids like we do today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Uh and it was No, I don't think we use the term kids today like we did oh, say twenty years ago. Seems like we say children more now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Than we used to. Now I know I do. But I don't think back when I was growing up, I don't think we were called kids. Interviewer: What were you? 494: I think we were called children. Interviewer: Children? 494: And then those appeared in there that we did use the word kids. But I think now we're going back to children. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And did you ever hear the word passel? 494: Uh-uh. Interviewer: And the whole passel. 494: Oh yes, yes, a whole passel of kids. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: A whole passel of children or something. Interviewer: And the child is named 494: after his Interviewer: after 494: father of after his mother. Interviewer: And the child whose parents are not married? 494: Was uh Uh. Bastard? I think that's what it was, it wasn't illegitimate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That was a too big of a name I mean we We people out in this area was just Did you ever hear a {X}? 494: Yeah, I, that's the word I've been trying to think of, mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if the parent, if the child's parents both died, he would be known as 494: An orphan Interviewer: And the person taking care of him? Appointed to take care of him 494: Foster parent. Interviewer: Would they say foster? 494: Uh well I think so. Interviewer: Or if a court would appoint the somebody to look after him 494: Guardian? Interviewer: Guardian. 494: Guardian. {D: Guardian.} {D: I think that's the way it was pronounced, guardian.} Interviewer: And a baby might be put in something so that you could Well, in in town at least 494: Push him? Interviewer: Push him uh what {X} 494: Well we called it a baby buggy. Interviewer: And you'd {NW} go push the baby or 494: Or in a stroller. They would call it a stroller sometimes. Interviewer: Push him or wheel the baby or roll the baby or? 494: Uh. Push him I think. Interviewer: Push him? 494: Push him. Interviewer: Put the baby on the floor, just 494: Crawl. Interviewer: Crawl? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh Anything I'd like to ask you uh some questions about some different parts of the body and anything that comes to mind that you used to say, just take your time. Uh for example. You remember what this was called? 494: Uh Goozle. {NW} Interviewer: I just like it when 494: Yeah goozle. Interviewer: see what comes to mind. This part 494: {D: Furried} Or brow. Interviewer: Uh-huh, and uh This stuff, anything, that I don't have much of? 494: Uh well hair. Uh. Interviewer: And could you grow a 494: beard? Interviewer: And 494: Whiskers? Interviewer: This would be which? This would be which. 494: Your, your ear. Interviewer: Which one? 494: Oh, your right ear? Interviewer: Right here? 494: Your right year, left ear uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh The goozle is just here, but this would be the The whole thing would be 494: Your throat. Neck. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh {NW} This part 494: Your mouth. Interviewer: And 494: Teeth Interviewer: Above your teeth would be 494: Your lip Uh Interviewer: And inside, above 494: Oh, the the roof of your mouth. Interviewer: And the thing that the, the stuff, the teeth are fixed in? 494: Your gums. Interviewer: And this part. 494: The palm of your hand. Interviewer: And what are these? 494: Fists. Interviewer: And two. 494: Two fist. Interviewer: And uh this part. 494: Your wrist. Interviewer: And {NW} All things in the body that are fixed like this are called your 494: Joints. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And this part of a male. 494: Is a chest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh one 494: Hand. Interviewer: But two 494: Hands. Interviewer: And {NW} This entire 494: Thigh. Interviewer: Okay and from here to here, the whole. 494: Leg. Interviewer: Now did they say leg? 494: No. Said limb. Interviewer: Limb. 494: {NW} It was improper to say leg. Interviewer: Okay any of those uh observations I appreciate. And one 494: Foot. Interviewer: But two 494: Feet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And this part, what was this part where you don't like 494: Your shin. Interviewer: Kicked. Uh-huh. Aux: Shin. Interviewer: Um. That's interesting in part because some people call the shank. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Other people refer to the shank as this part. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And {NW} Well I guess that's uh How are you doing, I don't wanna, I 494: Fine Interviewer: I'm enjoying myself. 494: I am too. {NW} Interviewer: I uh Well, I'm welcome here, When, when you were uh 494: Would you like a cup of coffee? Interviewer: {NW} 494: Uh, he, he'll uh put our glass of tea which ever one Interviewer: I wanna tell you I I don't know what's wrong with this throat of mine today, it's uh I think that the change in the weather dried it out. {NW} I've been sitting here 494: He'll go put the coffee pot on if you uh #1 if you'd rather have that or, # Aux: #2 Don't mind, I'll make you that # 494: we'll make you a glass of tea either one. Interviewer: Well tea would be fine. 494: Okay. You all picked tea {X} Aux: Yeah I think Interviewer: Thank you very much. 494: Do you like sugar and lemon in your tea? Interviewer: Um. 494: We, we drink it just straight I mean, as we say. Interviewer: That's the way I like it too. 494: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I apologize for this uh throat of mine, I, I think the the change {NW} from warm moist 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Air 494: Probably is. Interviewer: Dried it out. {NW} If uh somebody had been quite will and then during the night you say suddenly 494: Sick. Interviewer: {X} Suddenly he what? Uh 494: Well he suddenly got sick. Interviewer: Got sick? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And {NW} The response to somebody saying How are you? And you might say well Like today we always say just fine. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: But I wonder how people used to respond. 494: Well. My mother always taught me to say uh Fine, thank you. Because nobody wants to hear about anybody feeling bad she said don't ever go into a lot of detail, oh I've got a headache today or something like that she said People don't, so they don't really mean it when they ask you How are you? It's, it's just a term that they use you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: When they, when they meet you or greet you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And she said don't ever go into detail say oh I'm sick or been sick, just say well I'm feeling very well thank you. And she always used the term, Well I'm as usual. And we wondered we wondered about that a lot of times Interviewer: That's interesting. 494: I'm, I'm, I'm as usual. Interviewer: I'm as usual. 494: So we wondered what usual was. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's interesting uh 494: I'm about as usual thank you or something like that. Interviewer: And if uh somebody seems to be {NW} troubled about something, you say well, uh #1 {X} # 494: #2 Go down in the dumps. # Interviewer: Don't uh, it'll be okay don't don't what? 494: Don't fret about it. Interviewer: Fret. Mm-hmm. And uh the things that people smoked pipes and 494: My daddy smoked pipe corn cob pipe. Interviewer: Did uh you remember cigars and cigarettes? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh. In what context or how did they 494: Well uh my dad never did smoke Now he smoked a few cigars, but he never did smoke cigarette. He smoked pipe. Up until he laid it down one day and quit. Interviewer: Is that right? 494: Now Ezri smoked cigarettes. When we first met he rolled his own. He bought the tobacco and the cigarette papers and made his own cigarettes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Because we couldn't afford to the ready-rolled. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And then in later years course he he smoked the ready-rolled. And then he laid them down one day and took up cigars. And then he laid them down one day and he hasn't smoked, it's been about oh, nine or ten years ago. Interviewer: Good for him. 494: Now he doesn't smoke it at all now. Interviewer: It's a hard thing to do. {NW} And if somebody uh uh just couldn't hear a thing, you'd say well he's 494: He's deaf. {NW} Wasn't death cause he's deaf. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if uh somebody came home from war. And had a had been uh shot. You say well he's still, there's a 494: Oh. Well what is it. Interviewer: Or or he's still Well let let's say he's what in the war? 494: Wounded in the war. Interviewer: And the thing that he has as a result of being wounded is? 494: Uh-huh, scars I guess, he still has scars. Interviewer: Or, or a wound. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You ever hear, did you happen to remember anybody saying wound? {C: pronunciation} 494: Yes. Interviewer: Is that right? He he has a 494: A few people have used that. Interviewer: He has a wound. {NS} 494: I think that he said he takes it plain Ezri Aux: If you want to sweeten it Interviewer: Thank you very much. Aux: You don't sweeten no things. Interviewer: Thank you. Aux: You want that? 494: No, baby, leave the napkin with him. Aux: Yeah, take the napkin. Interviewer: Thank you. 494: We have some lemon pound cake, would you like a piece of that? Interviewer: Well this will help {NS} Sound like an old frog. {NW} 494: I think he's fixing up a cup of coffee with you He drinks coffee quite a bit. {NS} Aux: Would you eat a piece of this cake? Interviewer: Well thanks, I I believe this is uh this will be fine. uh {NW} Say you have a wound and it turns uh oh yellowish around, you have to clean that away, what is 494: It's called puss. Wasn't it? That wound, Interviewer: Flesh around. 494: Proud flesh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Proud flesh. Interviewer: And you remember using anything uh to put on or scratch or get 494: Oh yes we had some salve uh we would {D: Watkin Salve} that we'd put on. Scratch. Interviewer: Did you have anything that was pink or? 494: Iodine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 494: That was before the days of Mercurochrome and {D: mercreation} and merthiolate and so forth. We used iodine. Interviewer: Uh that's really dangerous. As a matter of fact it could burn uh couldn't it? And uh if you have a pimple the grows very large and sore that would be a 494: Uh, a boil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Mm-hmm, mm-mm. I didn't want any, uh-uh. Interviewer: And uh the stuff in a blister would be 494: Water in a blister, mm-hmm. Interviewer: And a thing that {NW} we call arthritis now but 494: Rheumatism Interviewer: {D: Rheumatis} You remember children getting something in their throats uh. Choked them to death? 494: Oh, diphtheria. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what would turn you your skin yellow, your eyes 494: Uh jaundice. Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: And uh what {NW} When you eat something, uh not feel so good you say well he's 494: Sick of his stomach. Interviewer: And if he throw it up 494: He uh upchucks. {NW} Interviewer: Uh what. 494: Throws up. That was the name, throws up. Interviewer: They, do you remember any joking terms they might say? 494: No do you? Aux: Uh of throwing up? 494: Uh-huh. Aux: We call it puking. 494: Oh yeah, yeah, puking. Uh he's thrown up his socks. Interviewer: I see. 494: Yeah, throwing up his socks. Interviewer: I see. And uh when you get uh pain on the right side. 494: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Appendicitis. Did they call it appendicitis in your childhood? 494: I think they did but I believe they didn't know too much Aux: To do for it. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh if somebody uh, has a cold, you say well, where did you 494: Get that bad cold. Where did you catch that cold? Interviewer: And if it makes him affects him here he's 494: Hoarse. Interviewer: And if he gets, gets it down here he has to, what? 494: Uh cough it up, is that what you mean? Interviewer: And {NW} If his throat gets so sore that he can't swallow you say well he just, his throat's so sore he just can't 494: Swallow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Remember anything uh any other terms that come to mind? I hope I'm not going too fast here. 494: No you're not um I'm I'm sure that I've there's another term that comes to mind but I just can't think. Uh Interviewer: If he has a heavy cold, what kind of medicine did you use to take? For it? 494: Well we used to have a lot of remedies, sometimes uh A hot toddy You know what a hot toddy was? Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. 494: A little bit of whiskey and a little bit of sugar or honey a little bit of water and heat that and or sometimes you wouldn't heat it. Interviewer: The only thing is, surprising me here is how did you have a hot toddy in a Methodist family? 494: Well, they usually kept, they usually kept a little for such as that. That was all it was kept for. Interviewer: It's the emergency is that right? 494: And I'll tell you something else, my mother was a, she She didn't want any around, my daddy was the one that mostly fixed up these hot toddies for us. And uh she had told us time and time again and in the years since and she lived here with us in this house with us, she died two years ago at the age of ninety-one. And she has told me time and time again, said if I ever get uh where I don't know anything, she said don't ever let anybody pour any whiskey down my throat. uh but she got choking in here, a lot of flame and someone told us that uh to give her a little whiskey and honey and that would clear that up. And she was taking it. My, my, my daughter was sitting there feeding it to her by the spoon and it was, you could tell it was kinda just clearing her up in here. And my other sister was sitting next to her, what's that you're giving her? And Jenny said it's a little whiskey and sugar mixed together and mama clamped her teeth together, she wouldn't take another sip. Interviewer: Is that right? Um 494: She was that much against it. Interviewer: I had talked to a fellow who had emphysema and uh he as a Baptist. And he had some medicine which was helping him. But he decided there was some alcohol in it He wouldn't take it, and it really 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: His breathing was was very difficult. 494: Well now I'm, I'm against uh drinking but I think uh for medicinal purposes I think yes, it's alright. Interviewer: It is medicine. 494: It is medicine. Interviewer: Did you ever take any uh thing Did you ever have like malaria around? 494: Yes and I start to tell you while I go and I was talking about the coffee. Uh that was when I was allowed to take coffee, my daddy gave me quinine. I had malaria one summer and he put quinine in sweetened coffee. And I would uh drink it. Interviewer: Mm. 494: All I see- the quinine, he had two cups, the quinine was put in a little bit of coffee in one cup and I got a little sweetened coffee to drink after it take the bitter taste out of my mouth. Aux: You take that and he give you a little bit of coffee. 494: Yeah. Aux: You take the quinine and he give you a little coffee. Interviewer: I see. I see. 494: And that's the way I took quinine. Interviewer: Did that uh have an effect on you as you uh Did you have chose that and 494: Oh yes, I had chills. Interviewer: And you got to bed and 494: Uh-huh, I'd go to bed and Interviewer: What exactly was the effect of the quinine on the 494: Well it's supposed to break it up and I guess it did cause I finally got better. But I'd have chills and high fevers and I'd be up at the top of the hill and I'd roll and I could just feel myself rolling down the more I rolled the bigger I became and I was a terrible feeling. Interviewer: And then the quinine would make you sweat? 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And you'd 494: Supposed to sweat the malaria out. ` Interviewer: And uh some terms about uh death {NS} We'll get off this morbid {NW} but uh at what, what was a polite way of what was a polite way and what was a joking way of referring to death? 494: Uh The polite way, they didn't like to say a person died. And you know I don't I don't think that they do today. It was they passed away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you didn't like somebody {NW} what would you say uh I hear old so-and-so 494: Old so-and-so died, old so-and-so croaked or kicked the bucket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh You'd put the body in a in a what? 494: Casket. Interviewer: Casket. 494: Coffin, coffin. Interviewer: You think, so caskets are a more recent thing? 494: Uh-huh. Aux: We called them back then. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And then each the family would uh go in to 494: Uh view the body. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And they would they would be considered to be in 494: Mourning. Aux: Back then, they'd set up one, mighty calm, they wouldn't have- 494: And they call it laying 'em out. Interviewer: Oh laying 'em out. 494: Laying 'em out. Aux: And then the people uh friends and neighbors show up with 'em that night. All night long. 494: And there was such thing as the undertaker coming and taking the body. Aux: To a funeral 494: Away. The friends and neighbors would come in and and uh The women neighbors would wash, bathe and dress and lay out uh a woman that had died. And the men neighbors would do the same for a man that had died, and you call that laying 'em out. Aux: Mostly back then, a lot of people do and let 'em be embalmed, of course there wasn't much embalming done. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: I think it's mostly laying 'em out, that's it. 494: And you set up all night maybe two nights. Interviewer: I was gonna ask how long did they keep the body there. Aux: Embalming would be too much. Interviewer: Uh. Do you remember anything associated with that, such as hounds? 494: Mm-hmm hounds, howling, yes. Interviewer: That's uh. Aux: We shut the {X} one night and uh cats got in the house and got on the casket and I thought they was going to get into that wagon cause they had a. {X} 494: You mean it had that lace. {X} Interviewer: Did you ever hear using {X} on the face 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: To uh to do something as to keep the skin I guess from scarring. 494: I guess so. Aux: I know they used to put 494: Pen- nickels on the eyes Aux: To hold the eyes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh {NW} after well they, they would take the body from the home into the church. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh Aux: {X} Interviewer: I see. And was it called a uh Did they take- 494: Funeral, uh-huh. Interviewer: Funeral service. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And then to the to the 494: Graveyard. Interviewer: Graveyard. And uh 494: Cemetery is a name is a word that has come into being. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Uh. Not too many years back, it was the graveyard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh Aux: {X} say graveyard 494: Uh-huh. Aux: I hear people still say graveyard. Interviewer: Is there like a term like undertaker isn't used very much anymore either. 494: Mortician. Interviewer: More elegant. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if. If you uh. Some questions on personality and character. Uh somebody who is a young man who can lift a great deal you say he's mighty 494: Hefty. Interviewer: Hefty and uh someone who has been working very hard and say well I'm I sure am what? 494: Tired. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any {NW} Any more uh {NW} #1 any stronger terms than that uh # 494: #2 Oh # Interviewer: come to mind? You say he's all 494: All in. Interviewer: All in. 494: All in. {NW} Interviewer: And if somebody's been sick you say yes he's out, but he sure looks mighty 494: Bad. Interviewer: Uh-huh, you ever hear peaked? 494: Peaked. Uh-huh. That's the word, peaked. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And a young boy who's all arms and legs you say he's 494: Lanky. Gonky. {NW} Interviewer: And if a young woman is full of life and say well she's mighty 494: Uh, perked. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if and older person, say say somebody in his eighties gets around very well you say well he sure is mighty 494: Spry. Interviewer: Or you say he's uh and {NW} if somebody is very easy to get along with you saw well he's uh 494: Oh gentle and likable. {NS} Interviewer: Uh When curious about his Are there different terms you might say apply to a man and to to a horse? Uh If a man is say he's gentle or good natured, what would you say about a horse? 494: Well you'd say the horse is gentle and good natured. Interviewer: Alright. 494: Uh-huh. Aux: And wild. {X} Interviewer: It applies too. Uh Somebody's very sure of himself and uh you can't change his mind you saw well he's 494: He's set in his ways. Interviewer: Set in his ways. And if somebody's easily hurt and gets angry. and very sensitive uh say he's mighty 494: Touchy. Interviewer: Touchy? Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear touches? 494: Touches? Interviewer: Yes. 494: Yes, I guess that, I guess touchy is short from touches maybe. Yeah touches is a word I've heard a lot. Interviewer: You would use touchy. 494: I guess so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh {NW} Somebody, you're kidding him and he gets 494: Mad. Interviewer: Yeah gets all 494: Upset. Interviewer: You say now now, just keep 494: Calm. Interviewer: Keep calm alright. If a 494: Calm down. {NW} Interviewer: If somebody uh leaves a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked, you say well he's he's mighty 494: Oh Oh Careless. Interviewer: Careless, as, what was it, if she doesn't keep her house very tidy? 494: Well she's sloppy and uh Interviewer: Sloppy? Uh-huh. And uh If you know somebody who uh lives off to himself. You say well he's alright he's just a little 494: Uh he's just a little touched or he's {X} or a hermit or Interviewer: Do people uh ever use the word queer? 494: Queer #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Quire? # 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh which would they say 494: Queer. Interviewer: Queer. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh Is that a pretty bad word or 494: Well I guess it is because it means that they are kinda like funny or Interviewer: I was wondering how insulting that is uh. Uh. I mean I have been given some very strong responses to that. Aux: Queer? Interviewer: Yes, I wouldn't {NW} ever want that you know {D: some of our opinions on} Some people are In some areas, it's a very strong word I guess. 494: I expect it is. Interviewer: And uh if somebody {NW} worries a lot You say well she's very 'un- 494: Unstable or or uh Interviewer: She worries to be so uneasy. 494: Uneasy, uh-huh. Interviewer: And how about the word common? How is this word, how is this word used? Or it used to be. 494: Well, I believe that word would would go back when I was talking about uh my parents wouldn't let me take nurse's training. I think common is a word that would fit in I think it was a word that was uh what people, if they were common, they weren't held in very high esteem. They were just common. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And that's, it's a curious word isn't it because now {NW} sometimes the best you can say about a man is well They got a lot of money but they're just common folks. 494: Yeah, uh-huh now that way would be uh that term would be uh well a complementary term to them. Interviewer: Would you use it as as you mean a 494: They're just common folks. Like you and me, yes I've used it a lot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Don't, you mean worry about those folks, they're just common folks like, like us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: That means they're not uh Aux: They don't. 494: Well. Aux: They don't let their money uh 494: Yeah. Aux: Get 'em. In other words. Interviewer: But if you say well she's I'd rather have you say it so I can 494: Well uh Now I can I can remember back in the back of my mind. If there was a person that wasn't very her character was kindly wasn't too good. that person would be called a common person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: But now we've got too, two many different meanings there for a same word. Interviewer: The same word and one is very strongly 494: And then opposite that's right. Interviewer: Very negative. 494: You don't hear, I don't think you hear that today. Like, like this term back then, she's just a common person you know, like if she, her character wasn't very good. I think you hear it more nowadays That, that it's just common folks like us Interviewer: Or a compliment. 494: I think it's more of a compliment now. Interviewer: It's it's curious how uh how those things change and you 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh. Makes a world of difference which way you uh which way you mean it. {NW} work with it. Major denominations, Protestants uh here 494: We have uh and have had for as long as I can remember the Methodist and the Baptist the Cumberland Presbyterians and the Church of Christ. Right in this area. and Then yonder closer to where that bridge is washed out or fell in We have the seven day adventist And they've been there a long time. But when I was growing up that was a far piece away down there. Interviewer: The Cumberland Presbyterians are 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that a branch of uh 494: The Presbyterian church. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh I wonder what is more uh {D: more straight place or uh} 494: Uh No I don't believe it is, I believe it's I don't believe it's as straight laced as just the regular Presbyterians. Interviewer: And uh would you tell me something about going to church uh what different things you had, did you have music and 494: Yes we have course, as Methodists we have music in our church. And uh we used to go in a wagon and uh you never knew who was going home with you for dinner or who you was going home with now it was one way or the other. And the dinner was cooked before you went. And how, how the mothers got up and got the dinner cooked and the house cleaned up and the children dressed and got the wagon and went to church when it took you longer than five minutes to get the car and drive out there. I don't know. But the Aux: But then on Sunday morning you like to get up and leave by four oh clock, five. 494: This day and time we we just don't cook much on Sundays and Sure don't invite people home with us much however I did ask our preacher and his mother and dad home with us one day but they had another engagement so they couldn't come but uh. I don't know if people just don't ask the preacher home with 'em anymore much. But uh Interviewer: How about uh {NW} How would you go about uh becoming a member? of the church? 494: Well you uh Well the men uh the Methodist church we go on profession of faith and then we are sprinkled as we become members of the church You know, that we're taken into the church. Interviewer: You say taken in or join or? 494: Join, join the church, I believe that's what we do, we join the church. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh the sermon is always uh uh can anybody other than the preacher 494: Oh yes. Interviewer: preach it? 494: Yes. Mm-hmm. We have Layman we have lay speakers uh every once in a while. Interviewer: A lay speaker can preach? 494: Yes. Interviewer: Regularly? 494: Mm-hmm. Even, even I could if if uh I mean it would be permissible at a Methodist church for me to get up and I don't think it'd be called, I don't think I'd be preaching a sermon, I think it would be Uh Making a talk or something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And {NW} How about the music uh Did you, what kind of music did you have when you were a girl especially uh 494: We had the piano, that's all we've ever had at church, just the piano. Aux: We had an organ in ours first. 494: Oh yes, we did, way back yonder an old pump organ. I've forgotten about that. {X} Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 494: Mm-hmm. Aux: Well we had it in my 494: We did too out here in our, our church. Aux: We had the one at church. {NS} Interviewer: And uh Would uh Would you complement the pianist or choir or say that the music was beautiful or 494: Oh yes uh-huh we'd say that the music sounded pretty this morning, I believe that would be the word, music sounded pretty this morning. Interviewer: Beautiful was too strong of a 494: I guess it was, we we used the word pretty more than Interviewer: And uh how did you contribute to the church? 494: Uh by Interviewer: What is that known as? 494: Contributions Offerings. Interviewer: Rather than 494: passing the plate Yes rather than dues, we don't have dues. Interviewer: And uh how {NS} people, how did you refer to the devil in those days uh? 494: Uh just the devil. {NW} Interviewer: Any any joking terms? 494: Uh the boogerman Interviewer: Boogerman? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NW} Scaring children by 494: Yes, the boogerman. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And how about the places that were thought to be well had spirits or something in them? houses. 494: Oh ghost houses you mean or? Interviewer: Just how are you 494: Uh, h- haunted houses, hainted. Hainted houses. {NW} Aux: We call 'em haints. 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And {NW} were were haints uh from the devil or were they thought to be associated with the devil? 494: Well when I was a child I didn't know where they came from I just scared to death by them. I guess they were thought to be Interviewer: Evil? 494: Evil. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And going to town uh Did you have, would you name the different kinds of things that you would have in the town? {NS} When you were a child say uh? Start with uh have a post office uh 494: Post office and the bank And uh Interviewer: How about a place for books? 494: Uh we didn't have one in town then. And uh we had the grocery store. The general store what it was you know, for merchandise. Interviewer: And uh how how is a library financed uh? here in 494: Well we had a grant from the University of Tennessee that uh we have uh the regional libraries at Martin University of Tennessee at Martin. And we have a bookmobile that comes out of there about Interviewer: Oh I see. 494: Every so often and uh brings books out to the little station out here. In the little village of Alebridge. And other spots all over the county. Interviewer: We were talking if I can interrupt you {X} Uh we were talking about how our experiences are getting standardized all over the country and the funny thing that Mississippi noticed is that there's a lot of money being put into libraries. Tremendous buildings really very handsome. But the curious thing is they, in every community I've been in they will hire the librarian from some place else. Aux: Hmm. 494: Well. Interviewer: And the state board orders the books. So uh the regional flavor is gone. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: They, they have local people as assistants. But they, the librarian I go to libraries to find out uh history of the community. Time after time the librarian will be from Vermont or Oklahoma or 494: Well. Interviewer: Pennsylvania 494: Did you go by uh library in Union City when you were up there? We have a nice library in Union City. Of course we're, we are Interviewer: But actually uh {X} 494: {D: Stires} Interviewer: {X} I believe she's from here. 494: I think she's somewhere over in Weakley county Martin now where her home originally was, I remember that Does her husband teach at the University of Tennessee? Interviewer: I didn't get to know her 494: I I don't remember But I think her home is Interviewer: Her home is beautiful uh and she was very helpful she sent me to uh 494: But know she's just recently not too many uh just a year or two ago now we did have a local lady as the librarian and she lives there in Union City. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And she's been librarian for years but she got new held And she wanted to retire. As librarian, she's assistant librarian now she stepped down. Interviewer: I see. 494: She still goes in and works with this {D: Miss Stires} was appointed librarian then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They uh That's a very handsome building certainly so. 494: Of course we're privileged to uh go there and check out books too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: As well as our little uh community. Interviewer: {X} Real help Did you remember uh anything about railroad stations or 494: Oh yes it was a treat to get to go by and watch choo-choo trains come through. {NW} Interviewer: And uh Uh When you When you were young where was the county seat? 494: Uh Union City. Interviewer: It's always been. 494: Now it used to be Troy But uh, Do you remember Troy? Interviewer: I went through there. 494: Well, it used to be Troy but I don't know what year it was that it was moved all to Union City but I was too little Aux: The kind of seat on the county that they wouldn't let they wouldn't let a railroad go through there. 494: Through the railroads off west. Interviewer: I see. Aux: And that's how come Troy lose their count, county seat, cause they wanted a railroad company. They moved it to Union City. Interviewer: City really grew. 494: And there's been Aux: Union City {X} 494: There's been hard feelings down through the years. Aux: Always had always will. 494: And always will be over that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Between the Troy people and Union City. Interviewer: Yes, geographically Aux: It's right in the center by the county. Interviewer: That sure is a small place now compared to Union 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Union City. Uh, hotels or anything about uh 494: I don't remember too much about hotels uh Interviewer: Or going to plays uh 494: No. Interviewer: Do you have anything like a opera house or 494: Probably had one in Union City, but that was a fur piece away. {NW} Interviewer: And hospitals? How about uh 494: No we didn't have hospitals. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} Interviewer: And when you would go to uh town Say you bought so much that uh You could hardly what? it home. 494: Tote it. Interviewer: Tote it home? 494: Hardly tote it home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if the merchant sold it uh. For a surprisingly low price, you say well he He sold, he must have sold that at a 494: Uh. what I can't remember #1 the word. # Interviewer: #2 You say low # cost or at a loss? Aux: Margin or cheap. Interviewer: At a loss? 494: I guess so. Interviewer: And on the other hand if uh you go bargain for something and it's so high you say oh no that costs 494: Costs too much and you try to uh Jew 'em down, jew 'em down Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you don't have enough money You might go to somebody and 494: Get credit. Interviewer: Get credit. 494: Buy it on credit. Interviewer: Or. You might go to somebody else and actually If you couldn't get credit from the grocery you. 494: Borrow some money is that what, want huh? Interviewer: And say well, could I have some money because It's awfully, what these days? 494: Hard to live these days {NW} Interviewer: Or money might be very 494: Short. Interviewer: Short? 494: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Scarce? Uh one of the things I I find is that if somebody might pay a bill twice a year, and when he does, it's be a pretty good sized bill. 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh the grocer might give you something 494: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And what was that known as, or what uh? 494: Oh. Interviewer: When you pay his bill {NS} 494: What was that? {X} 494: No Interviewer: {X} {C: Distorted, sped up} 494: No Interviewer: Something like that? {C: Distorted, sped up} 494: Well Interviewer: {X} {C: Distorted, sped up} {NW} {C: Distorted, sped up} 494: But that did happen when you pay off your bill, your grocer Interviewer: How much would they give you? Uh {C: Distorted, sped up} 494: Go in there and get a pitcher Aux: {X} {C: Distorted, sped up} Alright, my dad used to get one. {C: Distorted, sped up} 494: This is, this is an heirloom we treasure it. Interviewer: Well that's 494: I hope it's not too dusty. {NS} Interviewer: That would be uh Uh if 494: This is what he gave when Interviewer: I see. 494: When his uh Aux: That was on the bottom of it. 494: Turn it over and see down the bottom. Interviewer: {D: Sanders} in gold. Yes, well how much, how big of a bill would uh Aux: I don't know how much it. Interviewer: Would it take 494: People usually uh he, it was a country store. And people would usually uh pay off in the fall when they sold their crops. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: I tell you there's a lot of people who didn't pay off too. Aux: {X} Interviewer: So if they get up a hundred dollars, this would, this would be uh Uh-huh. Yeah, this is handsome. Uh There's a Aux: I wouldn't mind if uh He'd give that to me, he lived in a Gary. Gary Indiana. {X} Moved back here to Troy. And then we were uh packing up to move. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Well that's really something to hold on to. Your father's name right? You can tell, this, this must have cost something because {X} 494: That probably didn't back then cost too much but it'd be worth something now. Aux: {X} 494: There's another expression that uh We didn't use go to the store as shopping. We'd say go trading. Interviewer: Trading. 494: Mm-hmm. I've got to go to town to trade. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: And uh, and it wouldn't be that we're trading. Well I guess where the term came in because people might carry some eggs. Or something and trade for the groceries. And then it just came on down to just the term trade, I got to go do my trading. Interviewer: Uh suppose somebody uh was known. To be pretty close with his money, you say he's an old. 494: Miser Interviewer: Miser And uh 494: He's an old tightwad. {NW} I believe that was it, tightwad. Interviewer: If uh Is there a difference you say uh He'll pay you pretty well but uh you'll have to 494: Uh. {X} Interviewer: I see the ideas. {NW} Is there a difference between miser and a tightwad uh? Aux: Well a miser. 494: Yeah I guess so, yeah the miser holds on, and the tightwad he he he he will Interviewer: Hard to get out. 494: Yeah he's just hard to get out. Interviewer: {NW} And uh Did you, you say, you mention paper bags, would you um Find a dress? Uh how would a dress be prepared for you to take home? 494: Oh. You'd buy the yard goods. Interviewer: Or a ready made dress or a a suit or something? Would they have a wrap? Would they have paper? 494: I really don't know because of. We weren't fortunate enough I think to ever buy any ready made. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 494: Now you might, did you? Interviewer: Did you have paper for uh Aux: I guess we did uh As far back as I can remember. 494: And I guess when my dad bought. Pants and overalls and things like that ready made, they they were wrapped up, they weren't put in a bag like, paper bag like our suit box anything like they do today. There He would roll off a big sheet of paper and put it in there and wrap it up tight. Interviewer: How attitudes have changed. 494: I know it I I think that. {C: there a noise interfering with the speakers} Interviewer: What uh {NW} what kind of response uh particularly i- in the school and the church uh where you trained? W- was there a difference in uh local government the federal government or or would you? {NS} 494: I'll tell you I I think that we knew more about our local government because we didn't have communication enough to to really know too much about our federal government back then. Interviewer: mm-hmm What if somebody got a letter from Washington? 494: Oh that would be the big news of the day Interviewer: {X} uh #1 Uh # 494: #2 that # that person would be a very important person because he got a letter from Washington. Auxiliary: Can I pour you some more tea? Interviewer: No this is fine. How about uh the the idea or the term law and order did you ever use that uh? Did you talk about it in in campaigns election # Interviewer: #1 campaigns or? # 494: #2 {NW} # I I don't know I don't remember. Auxiliary: I don't I don't remember much about. Interviewer: Well you hear it so often. 494: I know it. Interviewer: Now {NW} and uh 494: #1 I think uh {D: something} like # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: politics were quieter. {X} {C: there is a lot of noise} Interviewer: #1 you just didn't hear too much # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: about politics uh as much as you do today. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well do you remember the phrase um? 494: Law and order? Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Yes I think I do. Interviewer: mm But it wasn't used so much as as as now uh 494: I don't think now as a child growing up I don't think I really knew the the uh importance of politics it I I knew that I was a Democrat and my daddy was a Democrat. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: and I had slew of friends that u- that we we were walking to school at that time that we walk to school with and their parents were Republicans. And oh my we got into some {NW} hot arguments {NW} That's along about the time when Hoover and #1 Al Smith were running against one another. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: And uh they thought I was awful because I was a Democrat and I thought they were awful because they were Republicans Interviewer: That was the extent of your? 494: That was the extent of my political knowledge I just knew Republicans were something awful and they knew Democrats were something awful {NW}. Auxiliary: Oh. Interviewer: And what uh when you had capital punishment uh would you say that the murderer was what? When he was executed? 494: Oh he was sent to the chair #1 think that's the way the terms we used uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh the chair was used then {X}? 494: I was it? #1 I guess it was. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you ever talk about the? 494: The gallows? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh they # 494: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: The gallows where #1 was hung. # 494: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: uh Auxiliary: I'll tell you what back in course I don't remember much but I heard my dad talk about it # Auxiliary: #1 a lot they had night riders way back yonder. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: And anyone done any wrong then the night riders getti- get him a good hanging. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: They had a lot of hangings down there at the lake {X} Samburg down in there shootings. Interviewer: mm-hmm And this was th- um called night riders? Auxiliary: uh-huh Yes uh-huh. Interviewer: And this uh was in your before your time? Auxiliary: Mm yeah it's before my time. But uh mm-hmm Interviewer: {NW} What um I forgot to ask you {NW} before uh just reminded me when you said night riders um when you were children how did you refer to um uh negroes did you did you? 494: Niggers. Interviewer: Niggers. 494: #1 Niggers. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # And what was the attitude towards this was this uh {C: the reel is speeding up} as you said I mean was it a good term? 494: No it was a bad term {X}. {C: tape fast forwards and voices squeal} #1 Oh and and him too because # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 494: I- we wer- this is number nine district in Obion county. And there were just not any colored people in Obi- in number nine district. And they didn't dare set foot over here th- it's something. Auxiliary: They just scared. 494: They just wouldn't come in here #1 and we just didn't have much # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: contact with the colored race. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: The black race. Auxiliary: There were niggers lived out here at Obion and you couldn't get them to come out to Eldridge at all. #1 They just wouldn't come through {x} no way. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: It's just been in recent years that they would. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: Of course now down at {NW} the edge of Lake County where I grew up where my daddy run this store. Uh a third of his trade was negroes out of the Lake County uh big farmers over there. They just crossed the lake and they all traded over at the store. 494: #1 Well see he's using the term trade. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # #1 I wouldn't {X} # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: mm-hmm But uh how was um? 494: But they were just a curiosity to me because. Auxiliary: #1 just never around them # 494: #2 I just wa- was not around them # #1 much. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # If a negro wanted to show respect to a white how would he how would he call him? 494: Uh Interviewer: Wh- wha- what would he? 494: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: M- my my sir my sir my uh what is the word? Interviewer: Well {NW} it changes uh sometimes {C: sounds like mars} sometimes {C: sounds like mass}. 494: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh and would he use the first name or the last name? 494: The first name. Interviewer: First name? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: I remember most of them niggers uh that traded over there at the store they called my daddy mister Pat. Mister Pat. Mister Pat. Interviewer: uh-huh Auxiliary: That's what nobody called him that he just 494: {D: But they always put that mister onto it or mars marsir} Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: onto it. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NW} I've heard both I wonder what the difference is um. Uh getting around to other terms. What um how do you remember referring to a white person you don't have much respect for? 494: Poor white trash. Interviewer: Poor white trash? 494: Poor white trash. Interviewer: Do do these uh does the term peckerwood or redneck? Auxiliary: Yeah. 494: #1 Well peckerwood # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: yes I I've Auxiliary: You old peckerwood. 494: #1 I don't I haven't heard # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: redneck much but I have peckerwood. Interviewer: The word here? 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: Rascal. Interviewer: H- how about somebody who lives up in the hills and uh pretty rough he might be a bootlegger real rough fights and so on? Uh you got any special names for for him? 494: Oh I can't think. Auxiliary: {D: You} I don't know I don't know we had some {NW} Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: {D: I mean around here}. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the word hoosier or hoosier applied to somebody like that? 494: No. I don't think I have. Auxiliary: I don't believe I don't I don't remember what they called them. Interviewer: This whole list t- uh that we collected um everything from mountain boomer to mossbacks swamp angel cracker hoosier backwoodsman {NW} 494: #1 I don't think # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: we've ever heard of those. Interviewer: uh-huh What would you call a child born with uh uh one parent would be white the other would be black? 494: Uh mulatto isn't it? Interviewer: Uh #1 I think that would be used today. # 494: #2 Oh yeah well what was that uh? # I can't think of that name. Interviewer: Th- that uh did you have mulatto or um halfbreed or? 494: Well there's there's something else that I had heard it called. But I can't think of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm And to get um {NW} 494: But they were an outcast #1 I mean # Interviewer: #2 They were um? # 494: Whoever they were. {C: laughs} Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: You were not to associate with 'em. Interviewer: Uh one last question on this how do you feel uh about the the recent uh trend of calling people black black people? 494: If that's what they wanna be called black uh I guess so but it's hard to not say colored people or or negroes. Interviewer: #1 How do you feel about # 494: #2 But uh # Interviewer: saying black #1 person black person? # Auxiliary: #2 I- I don't I still like to say negro but uh but uh # I know we're not supposed to I mean it's not don't sound good no how I say it. I think back then that's what they wanted to be called back then. 494: My little grandson of course they live in Memphis and uh he kinda got into it with a little black boy that wanted to steal his money. If he has lunch money or steal lunch and things and he called him a negro one day and this little black boy didn't like it he told him he didn't want to be called nigger. And he said well sa- sa- my little grandson said go look but he said there's no such word as nigger. And uh my grandson said yes there is said you go look in the dictionary you'll find it. And uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: but he said you won't find whitey in the dictionary he th- this nigger was calling him whitey. Interviewer: oh 494: He said now negro is in the dictionary. And even nigger N-I-G-G-E-R but he said whitey is not. Auxiliary: mm-hmm mm-hmm 494: And they looked it up and sure enough it's in there. And he my little grandson proved it to me it was in there. Auxiliary: uh-huh Interviewer: {D: If you I'll} tell you a story uh friends of mine in Atlanta have a prettiest little uh blond child and innocent blue eyes and just as sweet as as she can be. But they're they're living in you know this integrated business and schools. {NW} So they decided they would get accustomed to it and uh u- uh they've would let Nellie have a black uh friend from school. So they had her over there to play one day her mother heard {NW} they started a quarrel. {D: argued about {X} And uh the little {D: white} girl stood up for her rights you know and made black girl very mad the black girl turned to her and says oh I hate you you old nigger. 494: Oh {C: laughs} yeah it's Auxiliary: That was the worst she {X}. 494: Yeah it's the worst thing she {X} {C: laughs} Auxiliary: Well. 494: Well. Interviewer: {D: I've} for myself I feel I feel uneasy saying black person a- and black man black woman. #1 Yeah i- it really is. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} uh {X} # Interviewer: You uh you spend a lifetime 494: #1 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: thinking about colored people being more gentle or more dignified a term then suddenly to have to. 494: And I still say that the white people have pushed this integration. I believe the black people the majority of 'em had rather be to themselves. And I think if our government had spent more money on their schools and built their schools up equal to the white schools they would've been happy. Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: {D: Well it} I think everybody would have got a much better education. 494: I think so too. Auxiliary: {D: It's going to be just a} turmoil all from now on. Interviewer: Right. 494: But I've always said that I didn't care for my child going to school with a black child a negro child. And even sitting at the same desk or eating at the same table I that didn't bother me at all. But what did bother me would be that they would become thinking a little bit too much of one another. I do not approve of intermarriage. Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: And that's what's going to happen. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: #1 That's inevitable. # 494: #2 {X} # That's right. Interviewer: We can't stop it now and what what really gets me about it this um busing business isn't the it really is the wildest. 494: #1 Oh it's silly. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Wh- whose child is being bused forty miles a day now how can a kid uh? 494: And maybe the school is right at #1 their back door front door I think it's silly. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 {D: Just to haul} somebody around the # 494: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 countryside like that is just nonsense. # 494: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # Auxiliary: It is it sure is and the way they are having bus wrecks in Memphis but i- well it that's awful down there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: I don't have to worry about our children now because they're all three married but I do have eight grandchildren. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: That the oldest one's thirteen. Of course we don't what's and the youngest ones will be seven next week and uh we don't what's going to happen to them. Auxiliary: mm-hmm {D: Uh it's um} 494: #1 It's a mess it's just a mess. # Interviewer: #2 {X} um # And I think eventually {NW} we'll pull ourselves out uh i- if we could only uh get our minds back on what the purpose of the school is #1 which is to educate and not to to uh # 494: #2 mm-hmm # #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # kind of. 494: I think the time's coming when the white race will be the minority race and the black race will be the majority race. Interviewer: Well {D: that uh u- th-} in this country uh? 494: In this country. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: #1 Because they they're growing by leaps and bounds. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yes well that's right. 494: White people are practicing birth control more than the black people and Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: and they're just Interviewer: {NW} 494: well they are just going to be in. Interviewer: Certainly that's true in the cities especially in the north uh. I uh 494: Well I believe Memphis is already more than half of the population more than half black. Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: A good many of the cities in the north especially the inter cities. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Almost all black well {NW}. You uh refer to your relatives uh? 494: As kinfolk. Interviewer: As kinfolks and uh you say uh well she has the same name as mine but we're? Auxiliary: No 494: No no kin. Interviewer: No kin. 494: Or lots of time we'd say we're a different set of dogs. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: And uh your mother's sister would be your? 494: Aunt. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: Or aunt I believe we said aunt when I was growing up. Interviewer: Uh-huh that's a curious word. 494: uh-huh Interviewer: People uh in uh Mississippi for example will say aunt. 494: uh-huh Interviewer: They've um um other people will say it's almost an A in ain't. 494: mm-hmm Well now some people around here say aunt I have a cousin that says aunt. #1 But I have never I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: I I've never been able to say aunt. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Course uh when I was a child growing up I said aunt. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: And then I I say aunt now and I I don't know why. Interviewer: Uh. 494: That's a curious word. Interviewer: Yeah. 494: #1 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 {X} um # And uh your brother's son your sister's son would be your? 494: Nephew. Interviewer: mm And uh h- how how in the family uh do you refer to each other you'd say to somebody outside you uh {X}. I don't know about that I'll have to talk to #1 the mister or the husband # 494: #2 Oh. # The husb- oh yeah the husband. Interviewer: #1 I'll have to talk to the husband first? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: And you would say? Auxiliary: I'll talk to the wife. Interviewer: Talk to the wife? I uh 494: Uh he he'd say I have to go home and talk to momma. Auxiliary: #1 {C: they all laugh}. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 494: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # #1 Well that's right. # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Auxiliary: # Auxiliary: #1 I call her momma. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh sometimes momma or # sometimes the old lady. 494: #1 Yeah but I I when were married # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 I said don't want ever hear you call me # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 that don't care what you call me but don't # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: call me the old lady. Auxiliary: All the grandchildren call her mom and I call her mom half the time. Interviewer: uh-huh And uh a woman who has lost her husband is? 494: A widow. Interviewer: A widow. And somebody who comes into the community and um nobody knows him what uh how would you how did you used to refer to him? Auxiliary: Stranger. Interviewer: The stranger. 494: {X} oh I tell you we used to have when I was a child growing up we had a lot of tramps through the community. Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: And if somebody strange we'd we'd think he'd be a tramp. Interviewer: A tramp. 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: uh-huh Interviewer: And some greetings {NW} in the morning you'd say what uh? 494: Good morning. Interviewer: And then after the noon hour? 494: Good afternoon. Interviewer: And the what's uh oh say after six o clock? 494: Good evening I guess. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: This this business of uh evening did you always say good afternoon? 494: No. NO it was really good evening. Interviewer: Uh-huh 494: #1 A- after the noon hour we'd say good evening. # Interviewer: #2 Uh {X} evening? # 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And {NW} when you leave somebody say at night you say well? 494: Good night. Interviewer: Good night. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And uh if somebody comes {D: you said} you might say well it was nice to see you be sure to come? 494: Again. Interviewer: Again? At Christmas what kind of greeting would you give Christmas morning? 494: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Merry Christmas? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever hear it as Christmas gift? 494: uh-huh But that was it # 494: #1 and on Christmas Eve it'd be Christmas {X}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh-huh Um that's apparently all gone. 494: Yeah I expect it is. Interviewer: mm and The morning of the first of January you'd say? 494: #1 Happy New Year. # Interviewer: #2 New Year. # And as best you can try {D: to} as a child you would tell time you'd say this this the hour hand? 494: uh-huh #1 The minute hand. # Interviewer: #2 The minute hand. # And this would be on what time? 494: Fifteen minutes 'til eleven or quarter of eleven. Interviewer: Okay and this would be? 494: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Seven thirty or? 494: Half past seven. Interviewer: Half past. uh-huh And {NW} {NS} how do you refer to the sun uh in the morning and at night? 494: It comes up and it sets. Interviewer: Uh well that is um. 494: Sunrise but uh that's what #1 we know that but we we call it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: the sun coming up. Interviewer: Ah so you get up before? 494: The sun comes up. Interviewer: Uh-huh Auxiliary: Before sun up. Interviewer: Before sun up? 494: Sun up uh-huh. Interviewer: And you go to bed? 494: Before sun down. Interviewer: Before sun down. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And uh {NS} uh how if something is going to happen on let's say tomorrow was the third suppose something had to happen on the tenth say well I think he'll this will happen Monday? 494: Week. Interviewer: Monday week. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh And uh {NW} is that uh Auxiliary: #1 did you use that when you were a child {X}? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm Interviewer: And you say this uh last year we had a pretty good crop. We're not gonna do so well? 494: This year. Auxiliary: Year. Interviewer: And {NS} the weather um if if the weather is um it's been fair say and you see some clouds rolling up you say I think the weather is? 494: Oh changing Auxiliary: #1 The weather's changing uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And on the other hand if it's been stormy? 494: #1 It fairing up. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Sure. # 494: #2 Fairing up. # Interviewer: mm-hmm And if the we- 494: Clearing up {D: mi- might be} clearing up or fairing up. Interviewer: Which two uh? 494: I don't know which we use most. Auxiliary: Fairing up. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Clearing off the weather's clearing off. That was the term we used. Interviewer: Clearing off. 494: Clearing off. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 A- uh either either one then sounds? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: Okay and {NW} if the wind has been blowing hard and {D: stirred}? 494: The wind is laying. Interviewer: Laying uh-huh. 494: mm Interviewer: And on the other hand if the wind has been real still but it's? 494: #1 It's get- wind's getting up. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {D: getting up} 494: mm Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: And uh how bout different kinds of rain? uh 494: Showers? That what you mean? Interviewer: Yes suppose uh just enough to settle the dust. 494: Oh just a little sprinkle. Interviewer: uh-huh And are showers more gentle? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: What if you have a real heavy rain? 494: Oh we had a the bottom fell out. Interviewer: Th- the bottom fell out? {C: laughter} 494: Or a downpour. Interviewer: #1 Downpour? # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #1 I've heard some wonderful expressions for that # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #1 uh in # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: south Georgia they call that a a {X} not {X}. 494: {C: they all laugh} a what? Interviewer: {x} Auxiliary: We call them frog stranglers. 494: #1 Yeah frog stranglers. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And uh you ever hear of goose drowner? Auxiliary: Yeah. 494: I don't believe I have. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: A lady explained to me that uh when she was a girl {NW} she one of the worst jobs she had was to round up the geese because in a heavy rain #1 they'll uh {X}. # 494: #2 Aw. # Interviewer: heads up to let the water run off their back and they actually drown. 494: Well. Interviewer: So she uh she called it a goose drowner. 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: What was it rained in Miss- I mean uh in Louisiana it rained uh? 494: #1 Oh uh worms. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm 494: Red worms. I actually saw that. Interviewer: Is that right? 494: My daughter lived in Mississippi uh I mean Louisiana. And it came a I mean a downpour. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: And it didn't last long but streets flooded. And uh we went out and these little red wiggly worms were all over their driveway. And the sun had come out and they dried and stuck there we had to take the water hose and wash and sweep them off. Interviewer: They have to terrific rains there they really do. 494: And it actually rained uh worms uh we we've heard the expression I guess raining fishes isn't that? Interviewer: {X} yeah yeah. 494: It rained worms they came from somewhere. Interviewer: I think I'd rather be hit by a worm than a big {X}. {C: laughter} a lot of hail though. Auxiliary: Yeah Interviewer: Uh how bout um when ligh- when you have a lot of lightning and thunder it's called what? 494: A thunderstorm. Interviewer: Storm. 494: I think we used to call 'em coming up a thunderclap. Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} 494: #1 mm-hmm yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And uh you have a cold and cloudy day in November what um? 494: Oh it's just a dreary drizzly Interviewer: mm-hmm And 494: day {NS}. Interviewer: If you got up in the morning and it's u- #1 and you feel a chill? # 494: #2 Chilly. # Interviewer: Chilly? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Ever hear the word airish for that? 494: Not around here I I've heard it uh. Interviewer: #1 But you've never used uh? # 494: #2 huh-uh # Interviewer: And um different kinds uh the white stuff on the roads that makes it hard to drive. Would u- a- are sort of like clouds? 494: Oh fog. Auxiliary: Fog. 494: Fog uh-huh. Interviewer: You've always called it that? 494: uh-huh Interviewer: And {NW} if the moisture that's uh on the plants in the morning? 494: Dew. Interviewer: And it freezes {X}? 494: Frost. Interviewer: #1 um # Auxiliary: #2 Fog. # Interviewer: And uh when uh a little pond would freeze over what would you say that? 494: Frozen froze over. Interviewer: uh-huh and was this would you call anything? 494: If it was lightly we'd say it was a skim of ice. Interviewer: Skim of ice? 494: Skim of ice. Interviewer: You ever hear that called mush ice? 494: huh-uh Interviewer: Mush ice. Auxiliary: No I don't believe I have. Interviewer: And uh it's been dry a long time what uh {NW}? 494: The drought. Interviewer: A drought? And uh as much as you can I'd like you to try to remember how you used to say it uh words common proper names for people uh for example mother of Jesus? 494: Was Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington's wife? 494: Martha. Interviewer: And the nickname for Helen that starts with a N um wait 'til the sun shines? 494: Nelly. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And for a little boy named William? 494: Bill. Interviewer: Or? 494: Billy. Interviewer: Billy uh And 494: You know I- I think I'm I'm saying it like I do now these words. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: I think when I was a child growing up I'd say Billy. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Now I say Billy. Interviewer: mm 494: I I make both L sounds Interviewer: mm-hmm I I guess and and Helen or or Nelly used to say Nelly. mm-hmm mm-hmm 494: I- it's a different sound. Interviewer: It's a different uh way of {X} speaking {C: outside noise} I think we do start to uh no matter how we feel about this we start to imitate what we hear. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} all right there {D: that's uh}. And how bout the movie actor uh Gary? 494: Well there's several of them Moore. Interviewer: Uh well n- 494: Cooper Cooper. Interviewer: Yes. {X} 494: I used to say hi- Cooper. Interviewer: uh 494: But now I say Cooper. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: I don't know which is right. Interviewer: Where where did you keep the um {NW} where'd you keep the chickens? 494: In in the coop. Interviewer: In the coop? 494: mm-hmm In the coop. Interviewer: Which rhymes with Cooper. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And uh the wife of uh Abraham or um? 494: Uh uh Sarah. Interviewer: mm-hmm And {NW} so you have uh uncles by the name of William and John you'd call to them uncle? 494: Uncle uncle John is that what you're talking about. Interviewer: Or uncle? 494: Uncle Bill. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uncle Will. And {NW} the uh commander of the uh confederate forces would be r-? 494: Robert E Lee. Interviewer: And his title. 494: Uh general. Interviewer: General {X}. And the old man who uh sells Kentucky fried chicken? 494: Colonel. Auxiliary: Colonel Sanders. Interviewer: Uh-huh and the uh man in charge of the ship? 494: Captain. Interviewer: Uh-huh and {NW} the man whose presides over the county court? 494: The judge. Interviewer: Judge? {NW} Well because you are a lady I have uh not covered a lot of questions on farming animals and buildings and land and crops and things like that. I'll bet you can answer it. 494: I bet I could too. {NW} Interviewer: The question is how uh how are you doing would you rather have me I would like very much to hear you have to say but if if but you're getting tired? 494: Go ahead and ask 'em. {C: laughs} {X} Interviewer: Alright. 494: I'll let him help me answer 'em. Interviewer: Fine. Okay. Well I'd like to start by asking you to describe the farm buildings and the farm in particular. When you were a child what uh kind of buildings uh that you had other than the house and uh where you kept things things like that? 494: We had a barn. They had stables on each side for the horses and mules. And uh on one side on the other side it was a shed for our farm machinery such as the big wheat thrasher the big steam engine that we had. Auxiliary: The steam engine. 494: And uh it had a hayloft and oh what fun it was to get up in that hayloft and play. And uh it had we had uh the hay fork with the pulleys that pull the we didn't know any such thing as baled hay then. The hay was brought in on the wagon loose and uh this big fork was let down and somehow somehow or another hooked that and then it by hand. They pulled it up or some I believe they finally got to where they hi- hitched a mule to it. Interviewer: mm 494: And it would pull the hay up on a track. And take it across to this loft t- at a certain place where we wanted it dropped or papa wanted dropped and then they released that fork and that hay would fall down until they filled this hay loft up with loose hay. Interviewer: I see. 494: And uh Interviewer: Uh I don't think I've heard about that fork uh how was it built uh? 494: #1 {D: Well it was it was bout this long wasn't it Ezry.} # Auxiliary: #2 Well it was a long needle that we called 'em # #1 hay needles is what they called 'em? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # And you'd slip it down into this into a bunch of hay on the wagon. #1 And then the trigger would release and some # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: forks spread out. Interviewer: I see. 494: And it would hold a big clump hay to go up. Auxiliary: {D: They had a} long rope that reached on up in back of the barn and had mules back here that would pull it. And then you'd you'd rip it up and then it would go in that. 494: That's right the mules were on the other end and you'd have to holler I remember hollering uh they they'd holler when they'd get the fork ready for him to to go. And then there's a man out here at the other end of the barn they had the mules would let the mules uh-huh. Interviewer: {X} I see. 494: And then I can remember wheat thrashing time. Interviewer: U- uh let's start right from the beginning and uh uh tell me how y- they'd harvest the wheat and what they'd do with it uh. 494: Well oh we had I- I don't remember exactly the machine that cut the wheat down. But we had a thing that would tie into shocks and then it was a binder that's right. I'd get the binder cut it down and shocked it I mean cut it in shocks too and would just throw it out. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: It would cut it. Auxiliary: And shock it and tie it. 494: And tie it into sheaves and throw it out. And it was our job as children well I think we had some hired help too to go along then and take these sheaves and stack them up into a a bunch. We had littled bunches all over the field. Interviewer: Is that what you a hay bunch? 494: A hay a hay b- bunch I guess. Auxiliary: Then they come along way and pick it up and haul it to the wheat thrasher. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh those those um? 494: Shocks of wheat there's called hay sh- wheat shocks I guess. Interviewer: Shocks uh-huh. 494: And uh then this wagon when they get get it all cut and ready to start thrashing the wagon'd come along and they'd put these sheaves up on there and haul it to the one spot see this the combine now goes all over the field. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: But this hay thrasher with the steam engine that pulled it would be set in one spot. And then the wagons would have to haul the wheat there and put in this thrasher. And it would separate the wheat and there had to be a bagger there that would catch the wheat and you know in the bags. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: And sew up the top and then the straw would be blown out of the big uh pipe of a thing and we had what we called straw stack. Interviewer: I see. 494: Course I remember more about th- the fun in the straw stack than I do the. #1 Working the field. # Interviewer: #2 the steam engine. # 494: Oh I was scared to death of that steam engine. Interviewer: Uh-huh the uh in many areas they still show those engines uh do they around? 494: #1 We have one at the Obion county fairground. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # #1 {D: Yeah it stays there all the time}. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh-huh But uh Auxiliary: They they start that thing during the fair and let it run out there. 494: I don't I don't whatever happened to my dad's old steam engine and ol' wheat thrasher. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: I don't know what happened to it. Interviewer: Uh w- how big was the sack um? 494: Oh they'd be huge stacks. Auxiliary: #1 {X} # 494: #2 Straw stacks. # Auxiliary: Thrasher great big field {X} straw stack. Interviewer: And would the straw stacks stay there and uh? 494: Well our people used them you know to make straw beds and what else did we use them for? I- it didn't have much of use the cow didn't eat it did it? Auxiliary: No they no back back then they didn't of course they bale it now and feed it to cattle. Interviewer: mm-hmm I was wondering whether Auxiliary: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} whether uh you ever hear anybody put uh posts up like a slant or a kind of a slanted post roof and then cover that with straw? 494: Oh I never did. Interviewer: Called a hay rick or? Auxiliary: We used to stack hay in the hay in the field set a pole in the ground and start in at the bottom way around and keep going up and finally just get. 494: Oh I know what you mean now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Th- putting this pole down and stacking this hay all around yes. #1 We did that. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Now what was that uh was that a? 494: That's that was called a haystack. Interviewer: #1 Haystack. # Auxiliary: #2 Haystack. # 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: {X} uh-huh Interviewer: And {NW} the the straw stack was just built up and the animals didn't stay around it or? Auxiliary: I don't know what {D: now}. 494: #1 I just can't remember what had happened to that the straw stack. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm Auxiliary: Well I've stacked a lot of hay myself. We used to stack my daddy used to stack {X} of wheat. We didn't have no bale we'd stack all of our hay in the field. 494: Something had to happen didn't it because every year we'd have a new straw stack. Interviewer: uh I seem to remember uh animals course this was in Ohio where it's probably gets colder than it does here the animals. 494: I do yeah I remember that too. Interviewer: And they they would work around it. 494: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Until they'd have a kind of shelter. 494: uh-huh Auxiliary: #1 Yeah they'd start in at the bottom and # 494: #2 I remember that. # Auxiliary: maybe this other would slide down the pole they'd #1 I've seen one out here we'd have # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: mm-hmm a regular shed {X}. 494: Well then now I'd go on and on about the buildings {D: we had what we call the gair room it was a little} building off out in the barn little piece where the harness was kept. And then we had what was called the wagon shed Interviewer: mm 494: put the wagon under there. And then we had what was called the cow shed that's where we brought the cows in to milk them. Interviewer: Is that where you milked them? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever milk 'em outside? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And what was that called? 494: Well we just milked them out in the open. Uh they were gentle #1 we didn't have to hem 'em up anywhere. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # the cow? 494: Cow lot. Interviewer: Cow lot? 494: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever hear that called a milk gap or milk lot? # 494: U- I've h- I've heard uh no I've heard it called the cow gap something about the gap go let the cow gap down or something. Interviewer: Is that right. 494: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh-huh Well then that must that sounds like more like a ga- a gate doesn't it? 494: Uh-huh I think it was used more as a gate. Interviewer: Uh huh rather than actually a lot? 494: uh-huh Interviewer: I see. And did you where'd you keep the corn? 494: In the corn crib. That was part of the barn. Interviewer: And the uh {NW} the wheat w- was the grain? Auxiliary: {D: I think we'd} sell the wheat {X}. 494: #1 Uh-huh it was put inside and uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: we mighta kept a little bit but I think it was mostly sold. Interviewer: Did uh people have anything called a granary or #1 gr-? # 494: #2 uh-huh # #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Was that like uh? # 494: Well it wasn't like it w- it was kindly on the order of the storage bins we have today. Auxiliary: Yeah you just place it at the barns to keep uh wheat and stuff that you wanted to keep or uh corn. 494: And it was usually lined with tin wasn't it where it would be rat proof. Interviewer: But it was it was not a separate building it was #1 {D: in the barn}? # 494: #2 Well now some of them were. # Interviewer: mm 494: Some of them were separate buildings. Interviewer: mm-hmm And how? 494: I think my granddaddy had one called ol' granary. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: That's what they called that old 494: uh-huh Auxiliary: #1 house out here you know that's what they called it. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #1 The old granary, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right. # And uh you called it the cow shed? And how bout uh where you kept the {NW} where you kept th- well the area around the barn was that uh? 494: That was the lot. Interviewer: That's the #1 lot? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: And the place where the cattle would graze? 494: Pasture. Interviewer: uh-huh What uh did you use the word f- wh- what do you mean when you say meadow um is that the same as a pasture? 494: Well yes it is but we never did use the word much. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Now uh I well I remember us using the word hay meadow. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: That would be the field of hay that was being grown to be cut to make hay we called that the hay meadow. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: #1 You didn't let the cattle run on that. # 494: #2 mm # Auxiliary: You used that for hay. Interviewer: I see {X}. {NW} And {NW} how bout where the hogs were um? 494: Well we call that the hog lot. Interviewer: The hog lot? And when you? 494: Or the hog pen. #1 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 keep them penned up? # 494: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: Uh and wh- was what uh did you call the time of day when when you would feed the u- various animals uh? 494: Oh we'd say milking time or or feedi- feeding time. Interviewer: {X} 494: #1 Feeding time {C: laughs}. # Interviewer: #2 {D: uh-huh} # do you ever call that chore time or? 494: Not too much. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh {NW}. 494: That was too fancy a name I guess. Interviewer: #1 Too fancy is that right? # 494: #2 {D: Yes} # It's time to do the chores I we just called it Interviewer: #1 it's time to do up the night work. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # uh-huh 494: #1 Do up the night work that's it. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {D: We'd bring in the wood and pump the water} {C: rattling noise} Interviewer: uh-huh Auxiliary: then feeding and milking. Interviewer: The uh what are what are the different terms you used uh regarding the two hogs uh what would be the the male the female the little ones the? 494: The male was the boar and the female was a sow and the li- little ones are little pigs. Interviewer: #1 Okay little pigs how bout the word shoat um? # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Shoat we used that too. Auxiliary: {D: uh-huh} shoats and pigs was a little different pigs smaller than shoats. #1 The uh # 494: #2 shoats would be {D: up a certain}. # Auxiliary: Finally they called them shoats uh. 494: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # How bout the barrow what uh? 494: Well I've heard that too we Auxiliary: That was a that was a um male hog. #1 Named after male hogs barrow. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # I believe we called it the barrow #1 before boar came into existence # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah # 494: that was what it's called back Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: then. Interviewer: Um when a a boar um was altered #1 was? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Then he's a barrow. Interviewer: Then he's a barrow. 494: #1 Is that right well. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh-huh And what term did you use uh it was altered the term that you used? {C: general stuttering from everyone} And uh did you ever remember wild hogs at all? 494: I don't think I did. Auxiliary: No. 494: Did you? Auxiliary: Not um. 494: #1 Don't think we had. # Auxiliary: #2 I don't know # 494: Now we've had some pretty wild ones #1 {C: laughs}. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 And they came out of Mississippi a lot of them did {C: laughs}. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And what do you call those? 494: Tushes. Interviewer: {X} {X} You mentioned the hair scraping the hair off the hog's back when you butchered. Uh is the hair same have you ever use the word bristle? 494: mm-hmm mm-hmm They it was more common to use hair than the hog hair. Interviewer: mm Auxiliary: Uh the bristles near the hog uh now they'd get mad and their hair right there on top of their neck here would stand up. We call that their bristles. Interviewer: #1 {X} # Auxiliary: #2 # 494: #1 He sure is bristled up look at he's mad he's bristled up. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: {C: laughs} Interviewer: Did you ever keep any sheep? 494: No I don't believe we did. Auxiliary: We never had any sheep. Interviewer: uh #1 Did people? # Auxiliary: #2 goats once # Interviewer: I see. Did people uh around here use um use sheep? 494: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # They did? 494: Now I think I've heard my dad talk about sheep #1 but it was before my time I think they kept some but. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {NW} # Did they grow 'em to #1 kill or to? # 494: #2 Or just # sell the wool I've they've had sheep shearings and Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: and don't think he ever grew #1 too many. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} sheep. I mean keep sheep {X}. 494: I don't know too much about sheep. Interviewer: Uh th- the male and the female would be a? 494: The yew and um ram. Auxiliary: Ram. Interviewer: And {NW} and with cattle what do you call the male? Auxiliary: The bull. 494: The bull. Interviewer: Bull? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And {D: now} what about the male of the horse #1 {X} # Auxiliary: #2 stud. # Interviewer: Stud? Auxiliary: mm Interviewer: What would you what do you #1 remember? # 494: #2 Yeah. # #1 that's it stud mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And uh {NW} a female? 494: The mare. Interviewer: #1 The mare? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: Um were you ever reluctant as a boy talk about uh boar or stud or bull around women? Auxiliary: Yeah we wouldn't ever do it there when I was a kid 494: #1 {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # talking around menfolk but you'd never hear it you didn't talk around women Interviewer: mm-hmm uh growing up on a farm you must have heard it though. 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: Yeah I've heard it. Interviewer: But uh #1 did you hear {X}? # 494: #2 {X} # I heard it accidentally because it certainly wasn't talked in front of me. #1 I guess some {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: be talked i- in front of children. Interviewer: And how bout older women when you grew up was it uh? 494: Well {D: they} wouldn't talk too much #1 {D: No} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # how would the differences be made? 494: Uh we'd talk about the mail hog or the. Auxiliary: {X} #1 {X} # 494: #2 uh-huh uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh that's interesting isn't it uh # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: cause people have no 494: It seemed to have some vulgarity attached to it or something that just wasn't #1 nice to talk about. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # #1 just wasn't nice back then I guess # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Auxiliary: #1 what you'd call {X} # 494: #2 uh-huh # Auxiliary: #1 {D: they wouldn't talk about their um} # 494: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's um That's a big change {X}. 494: Uh it certainly has been a big change. Interviewer: How bout different kinds of dogs you remember um? 494: Oh we had collie dogs mostly. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Or or Interviewer: Do you remember uh uh calling little little dogs very noisy and? 494: #1 Oh little fox terrier that the one you talking about? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Did you ever call him a feist or #1 {D: feis?} # 494: #2 Yes # uh-huh. Interviewer: Which which one? 494: Feist little feist dogs. Interviewer: uh-huh and a dog that has a lot of different um um breeds any? 494: He was just plain old cur dog. Interviewer: Cur dog? 494: {C: laughs} Interviewer: And uh if uh how would you call to the dog to get him to attack another dog or something? 494: Sic 'em. Interviewer: #1 Sic 'em and how would you # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: call him off? 494: Oh well how did we call him off? uh I don't know #1 {C: laughs}? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # And how about uh I forgot to ask you this {NW} if a if a cow uh is gonna have a calf how would you refer to that? {NW} 494: find a calf. yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 494: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 find a calf # 494: #2 That # #1 cow's going to find a calf. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # going to find a calf. Interviewer: I see. And uh that's pretty delicate too #1 {X} # 494: #2 uh-huh Yes. # Interviewer: Not direct at all. {NW} And if you get back to dogs for a minute. {NW} Suppose somebody uh walked by and you had a big watch dog and you'd call after him and say you better not come up here or you'll get? Auxiliary: Bit. Interviewer: I used to say dog bit. 494: #1 Mm-hmm dog bit. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh-huh And {NW} if you were mad at a dog you might pick up a rock and what? 494: Throw it at him. Interviewer: Or did you ever say chunk? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: You'd chunk a rock at it? 494: Chunk a rock at him. Interviewer: mm-hmm And how did you used to call uh different kinds of animals uh call 'em in? 494: soo cow, soo cow Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # {D: was} calling the cows in mm-hmm yell whoopee. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: piggy piggy woo piggy Interviewer: And uh how would you get uh horses to come? 494: Oh you kinda neigh would you uh uh? Interviewer: For mules? 494: {X} {C: laughs} Auxiliary: ah you just most call had them a name and you can call 'em by the name 494: #1 Call come here come here # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: Sam or come here. Auxiliary: {X} 494: Gray or something and they Interviewer: And that was true of mules? 494: #1 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: uh And how bout chickens um? 494: Chicken chick chick chick chick chicken. Interviewer: mm-hmm You ever hear anybody call sheep? Auxiliary: u- uh 494: #1 {NW} {D: I've} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} 494: #1 not been too familiar with sheep uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: I {D: had to call two sheep}. Interviewer: {X} sheep? 494: {X} sheep {X} sheep. #1 {X} sheep # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Auxiliary: {X} a boy little {D: thing} down here. Few years ago and he'd he'd {X} sheep. So uh {D: he was up at our store one day and it was raining so} {X}. I want you to tell me how you call the sheeps. He said that's a sheep {X} sheep uh secret {C: they laugh}. 494: Sheep secret {C: they laugh} {X} sheep #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Auxiliary: That's a sheep sec-. 494: #1 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #2 {D: secret sheep} # U- uh he never did say how {D: he} #1 called them in. # Interviewer: #2 {C: laughs} # Speaking about other uh how about uh what noises do them the animals make uh for example when a calf lost its uh lost its mother what? 494: maah Interviewer: uh-huh What about how do you describe that um? 494: Well it's kind of a little baby moo. Auxiliary: #1 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh and a cow that uh is um well it's you know missing its calf? 494: She moos. It's doing something I don't know what it is {NS} Interviewer: {D: I told you this}. {D: Sometimes it} Cranky I don't know what's causing that. 494: #1 That's alright. # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: Uh {NW} you ever {X}? 494: D- I- no we've never. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: #1 Never said {D: that}. # Interviewer: #2 How bout that uh # soft snuffling noise that a horse makes when he's waiting to be fed uh? 494: Nickering. Interviewer: #1 Nickering? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: mm-hmm And {NW} Did you have uh your own horse that you could ride? 494: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And you have a harness for him? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Anything else that you can tell me about that um different parts if you recall? 494: Well we had the reins that you held to guide him and we had the saddle the stirrups that you got up on him with and and they had to learn how to fasten that belly band underneath there and Interviewer: Uh would you girdle? 494: #1 Yeah I guess so. # Interviewer: #2 uh # Would you um {X}? 494: Put the bits in his mouth. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 494: #2 {C: chuckles} # Interviewer: Before I go to horses and buggies I wanted to ask you wha- did you ever have any oxen around? Do you remember? 494: huh-uh Interviewer: {NW} And how bout uh two mules and two horses on a plow? Auxiliary: mm Interviewer: Would you say I I'm gonna I've got a 494: Team team of horses. Interviewer: Team of horses or a Auxiliary: team of m-? 494: #1 Yoke of yoke of oxens uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you ever talk about a pair of #1 mules? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # #1 Pair of mules. # Interviewer: #2 m # Auxiliary: uh-huh 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Would you say it was more often said a team of horses and a pair of mules or? 494: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: I believe so. Team of horses and pair of mules I believe was the way it was expressed more than. Interviewer: mm-hmm {D: oh} {NW} Would you would {D: give me} a better idea how you would you say hitch up or uh harness up or ho- how would you 494: #1 Hitch up I believe is what we always said. # Interviewer: #2 {X}? # And um when you were driving a say a horses for a buggy you hold a what? 494: The reins. Interviewer: The reins and uh y- use what {X} 494: #1 The the whip {C: laughs}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And you? Auxiliary: Buggy whip. Interviewer: Oh so then uh 494: Yea and nay. Interviewer: A- a- and 494: Giddy up. Auxiliary: Giddy up. Interviewer: To stop him? 494: Whoa. Interviewer: And the parts of a um of a buggy? 494: The sash. Interviewer: Th- that goes on either #1 side of the # 494: #2 mm # Interviewer: the horse? But uh on a wagon you'd have a? 494: The tongue. Interviewer: Tongue uh-huh And uh the harness uh would be come back in the {X} back in the it would be hooked up to a? 494: To a doubletree or singletree or or Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: mm whichever was {X}. Interviewer: And uh do you remember the different parts of a of a wagon wheel or wagon wheels put together? 494: #1 Had the hub and the spoke and the # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: rim. Auxiliary: felloes and the rim. Interviewer: #1 Uh what's the word uh? # Auxiliary: #2 felloes # Interviewer: uh-huh Auxiliary: That's what {X}. #1 {X} # 494: #2 What's the felloes, is that? # Auxiliary: felloes is uh what uh goes around that the spoke stick end Interviewer: #1 And if it {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Alright but how does it the bottom #1 D: spoke would go up to the felloe? # Auxiliary: #2 mm-hmm that's right. # 494: #1 And then the iron rim around that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # the rim. Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: And how would you keep uh the uh wheel from squeaking {NS}? 494: Well you had to soak it in water. Interviewer: mm 494: #1 But # Auxiliary: #2 {D: oil} # 494: you mean when? Interviewer: Yes as the as the wheel would 494: #1 Oh yeah you sor- you had to {D: rinse that} axle. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: #1 I thought you meant on this rim when it # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 494: #1 when it when it # Auxiliary: #2 No. # Black axle grease. 494: uh-huh Interviewer: uh 494: Axle grease. Interviewer: uh-huh And {D: they used it say} The way it's squeaking you'd better, better what? 494: You'd better grease that axle. Interviewer: uh-huh Auxiliary: a lotta time in the summer time if your wagon had dry out the wheel wood and you would have to Th- th- the tire would get loose on 'em. You'd have to take 'em to a blacksmith and he would uh uh shrink 'em what you call shrinking the tire. He'd heat it and he had a thing to put in it to draw it up. And then he'd heat it and put it back on that put it back on that wheel make it tight again. Interviewer: I see. I've heard also that uh they might soak the wheel. 494: #1 uh-huh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # They do a lotta times 494: #1 That's that's what I was thinking about # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 going to the creek {D: and leave it in there} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # If they got too loose you have to take 'em and have 'em Interviewer: #1 And uh would # Auxiliary: #2 and have 'em shrunk have the tire shrunk. # Interviewer: #1 the tire come come back over like this? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #1 You may could put it on the tire. # 494: #2 {D: Right} # Interviewer: I see. 494: He knows little more bout bout blacksmithing because there was a blacksmith shop right #1 across the road in front of the store. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 I see see. # Auxiliary: #2 store {X} # #1 {D: and when} I got # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Auxiliary: #1 big enough I worked in there I helped him there right smart. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # mm-hmm Auxiliary: He had a grist mill in there he'd grind corn. 494: I bet that's a a word he used to uh expression he used just now. Do you ever hear that I helped him right smart? Interviewer: #1 Yes. # 494: #2 {C: 494 laughs} # Interviewer: #1 That's one of the most interesting ones. # 494: #2 {C: 494 laughs} # Interviewer: Yeah that's used uh in some places uh he has a or they're right smart of cotton #1 this year # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #1 mm-hmm # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: And uh um if I if I could ask you an- any other ways that that's used comes to mind uh I haven't 494: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 heard that # Um very often but a right smart of Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 cr- crop? # 494: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: um but u- Auxiliary: {X} 494: #1 Right smart of time. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} #1 the farmers they got a right smart of crops # Interviewer: #2 {X} # mm-hmm Auxiliary: I feel like a right smart being through planting. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 494: Yes that's another way to express it. Interviewer: I didn't I don't realize. 494: I I like r- right smart being through planting. Auxiliary: Oh uh-huh Interviewer: Another thing I uh {NW} I'm glad to see is still it's still used a lot. {D: How somebody wants to um} something {X} he's got a big piece of furniture and it's in the way and {X} I sure like to to get? Do you know this? 494: Get rid of that. Interviewer: Uh no I hear it again and again I'd like to get shut of that. 494: #1 Oh yeah get shut of that that's right. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} 494: #1 Yes that's a term that's been used I'd like to get shut of that. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} mm-hmm # Interviewer: Um would you uh how would you would you describe uses black axle grease get it all over your hands and your Mother would say oh look your hands are all? 494: Oh greasy. Interviewer: #1 Just uh just greasy? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: uh-huh Interviewer: And {NW} if you took a load of wood to town or a load of anything into town how would you say that? 494: R- r- {D: rank of wood} is that what y- get in terms of I'm hauling a rank of wood. Interviewer: uh-huh um 494: I think rank was used more than cord. Interviewer: Would that be uh about the same? 494: Oh would it? Auxiliary: Uh there's a little difference a cord of wood and a rank of wood. 494: But most people expressed #1 it in rank of wood didn't. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # uh most of what they cut ranks of wood and they'd cut cords of uh of uh well I don't know. {X} um {X} 494: #1 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: And I've I've heard the expression quite a bit. Bonnie it's your job to get out yonder and #1 rank up that store wood. # Auxiliary: #2 {C: laughs} # {C: laughs} Rank it up. 494: Rank it up. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh 494: My dad would set the posts to the end down here. And then it was my job and my sister's to get out there and rank that up in a right nice little rank. from post to post in here. Interviewer: Uh that would be uh less than a cord or more or? Auxiliary: Rank as a of any kind of wood is four foot high and eight foot long is a rank. And a quarter wood is a is four foot and eight foot but it's four foot long. 494: But the cord is Auxiliary: {X} 494: see the rank the wood's about this long. And a cord it would be about this long. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: Uh that's that's a weird thing uh for in my childhood a cord of wood is four by eight but uh but the cord was in fact it was um called cord wood. Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: Well. Interviewer: #1 {D: But uh} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # well we well we call cord wood a four foot length {X} four foot long wood. Interviewer: #1 And that would be used to fire boilers or something like that # Auxiliary: #2 mm-hmm {X} # mm-hmm but it's still eight foot eight foot long and four foot high {X} four fif- a rank of wood would be like sixteen inch wood or eighteen inch wood like a stove. #1 {X}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Another interesting difference. Uh do you remember your the first car you got? 494: Oh yes. Auxiliary: {C: laughs} Interviewer: uh-huh And uh 494: It was a T model. Interviewer: T model. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you call it a car or machine? 494: Car. Interviewer: Car. And uh what do you call the the rubber thing that went inside the tire? 494: The inner tube. Interviewer: Inner tube. And uh you remember any about the oil gas uh where'd you get it and? 494: {C: laughs} I w- we had we had a filling station but it wasn't called service station called filling station. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: And uh now where did the gas go in #1 I can't remember {C: laughs}. # Auxiliary: #2 Under the seat. # 494: Yes it was under the seat. Interviewer: The seat? 494: #1 You had to get out of the car and raise up the seat # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: and the {D: cap} was under the seat. Auxiliary: uh-huh Interviewer: And how bout uh do you remember any about getting it greased or uh? 494: No. Interviewer: Anything? 494: #1 No I don't hmm-mm # Interviewer: #2 changing the? # 494: #1 I he he does because he grew up with a car I think. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # you you check the oil place under the {X} on the bottom where we had a good long we had a good long rod bout that long that you'd kneel down and turn them {X} you'd turn and the oil dripped out of it well you had plenty of oil in it. Interviewer: Oh I see. Auxiliary: And you'd turn it back off and Interviewer: #1 I see # Auxiliary: #2 where you checked the oil level. # Interviewer: uh-huh how much {X} 494: Another place you'd buy gas {D: now they} had a gas tank gas pump #1 at their store. # Auxiliary: #2 {D: Yeah} # My daddy always had a 494: All the little country stores had Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: #1 gas tanks at their store. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # {X} Interviewer: I remember that uh that it was a kind of that glass. 494: #1 Mm had glass up there that's right. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's right. Auxiliary: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: Thisaway Interviewer: #1 {D: why's the gas}? # Auxiliary: #2 {C: laughs} # {D: we don't know} 494: If you want if if somebody'd roll up that wanted five gallons of gas. He had to pump it 'til reached five up there on that gauge and then he stopped pumping and then #1 let that much out of the {X}. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh Uh different kinds of roads um do you have dirt roads? 494: #1 Dirt roads. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} Back then dirt road. # 494: And mud in the winter time that mud'll get knee deep. Interviewer: mm-hmm And From dirt you went to? 494: Gravel. Interviewer: And gravel to? 494: #1 To well a blacktop. # Auxiliary: #2 Blacktop. # Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Course we still got gravel and blacktop around here. Interviewer: Uh how bout uh roads {NW} do you ever have uh In fact I think fifty-one probably was uh how did they describe its uh concreted? 494: Oh. Now I remember seventy-eight that comes from {C: name of a town} up to u- up to {C: name of a town} that was concrete. When they they I remember. We lived over there right on the highway the two years we lived in {C: name of a town} and they poured that by sections. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Concrete. Interviewer: mm-hmm And they blacktopped it over or? 494: O- oh #1 I believe # Auxiliary: #2 I think {X} blacktop. # 494: #1 I believe it is. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # May still be concrete. I don't know whether it is or not. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh when you get stuck in the mud uh h- how'd you get out? 494: Well you {C: laughs} you had to be pulled out. Auxiliary: #1 {X} a pair of mules to pull you out. # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: Oh. 494: And sometimes the mud is so deep the mules couldn't pull you out you just had to sit there {C: laughs}. Interviewer: I heard you were? 494: and wait out. Interviewer: Have to up help the mules 494: Pushed uh-huh. Interviewer: get out and 494: #1 Had to push. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: uh-huh And {NW} here's a question m- more for a man I suppose but let me ask. Do you remember um u- uh having anything to put logs in to saw? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 Wh- what did you put? # 494: #2 A rick. # Interviewer: Uh-huh and how bout the A frame that carpenters would use put two of 'em? 494: That's a horse. Interviewer: uh-huh Um you've been around uh 494: #1 I've been around a good bit. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: sawhorses. {C: laughs} Interviewer: {D: Lot of horses}. {NW} And uh u- what about uh {NS} uh somebody a carpenter who might uh you know really didn't do a lot of work whether he can do it or not {X} he sure is a what? 494: Oh. J- a jackleg or? Auxiliary: Probably. {X} a jackleg carpenter? 494: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you ever hear that applied to #1 preachers or lawyers? # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah. # 494: I think so uh-huh. Interviewer: Wh- what does that mean I mean how i- i-? How's insulting? 494: Well it just well I I guess it is it I don't know whether you'd be insulted or. Interviewer: It is kind of humorous. 494: Yeah kind of humorous. Interviewer: If it was made about a said about a preacher? What that'd be uh? 494: Well he's just not much of a preacher. Auxiliary: mm-hmm {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # {X} {X} Auxiliary: {X} 494: #1 not trained that's right not mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And uh did your father use a straight razor or? 494: Yeah. Interviewer: How would he sharpen it? 494: Oh a hone and a leather strop. Auxiliary: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 494: #1 leather strop not a leather strap the leather strop. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # Auxiliary: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #1 And uh # Auxiliary: #2 {C: laughs} # 494: #1 And I I know a little bit # Auxiliary: #2 {C: laughs} # 494: #1 more about that leather strop too. # Auxiliary: #2 {C: laughs} # #1 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 {D: I see} # For reasons other than 494: {C: they all laugh} Interviewer: And how bout the h- how did he lather up? 494: With a brush and a uh bar soap and {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh And {NW} to sharpen uh knives in the kitchen what would you use? 494: A whet rock. Interviewer: A rock? And 494: O- sometimes just a a stone or you know. Interviewer: Well would th- what would you say whet rock or whet stone? 494: mm-hmm I guess so. Interviewer: uh-huh And how bout uh something bigger for? 494: Uh emery uh Auxiliary: {X} 494: uh-huh emery wheel. Auxiliary: {X} 494: #1 Grindstone. Grind rock. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 That's it. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Do do you happen to remember whether he said a rock or stone more? 494: Grindstone I believe wasn't it? Auxiliary: You had grindstone what the old ones were yeah they got emery wheels now because out. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: But he wanted to know was it grindstone or grind rock? Auxiliary: Well {X} This old fella that run this blacksmith's shop he called them grind rock. Interviewer: Uh-huh grind rock. Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: I believe that's what it was too grind #1 rock. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # #1 the same {X}. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {D: use} whet rock # 494: #1 Whet rock. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} sharp you {X} sharpen one {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 O- oh I see {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 used to play the {X}. # Auxiliary: #2 mm # Interviewer: And how bout um little thing with wheels there was one wheel and handles? 494: Wheelbarrow. Auxiliary: Wheelbarrows. 494: #1 Wheelbarrow. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Oh} # Uh-huh 494: Wasn't a barrow it was a wheelbarrow. Interviewer: mm-hmm And the things that you put in revolvers you might say bullets or? 494: #1 Uh {X} # Auxiliary: #2 Shells. # 494: Uh-huh Interviewer: {X} bullets um? 494: Yeah I see what you mean now. Cartridge wasn't it? #1 What we said # Auxiliary: #2 {D: well} # 494: I think that we called it bullets. Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh 494: Bullets and shells. Auxiliary: {X} two cartridges and and we poured it into a shotgun it'd be shotgun shells. Interviewer: mm 494: mm-hmm. Auxiliary: There's only twenty-two cartridges for a twenty-two you know? Interviewer: mm-hmm And {NW} A uh you remember any homemade tools to pound nails with um with do any pounding with uh sometimes made out of wood? 494: Oh uh well seems like I do but I don't know what they were called. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: A mallet. Interviewer: #1 A mallet? # 494: #2 A mallet # that's what it was. Interviewer: And {NW} how big was the was the end uh? 494: Well different sizes for different jobs if you wanted to pound a a stake in out in the ground you'd have a big mallet. Interviewer: #1 Uh they {X}? # 494: #2 Uh-huh. # Auxiliary: Uh-huh Interviewer: If you ever h- how when was it that you remember a sledge uh but then you {D: had} In other words when you were young you used wooden mallets {X} stakes in? 494: Oh well I I think we had sledges when I was a girl growing up too iro- you know the iron. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: But I do remember something about the wooden mallets. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh hey {NW} can you remember about uh hammers in general? 494: #1 No just just hammers # Interviewer: #2 {D: ham-} # 494: #1 {C: laughs} claw hammers and ball pa- ball peen hammers. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 Ball peen hammers. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And how bout the fences that uh were built {X}? 494: they were um rail fences Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-kay 494: We used to have some of them. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of 'em called worm 494: huh-uh Interviewer: fences? 494: mm-mm Interviewer: And how bout uh did you use any uh rock or stone here for fences? 494: No. Interviewer: And when was the first wire that you remember? 494: Well I u- {NW} {X} we had rail fences and wire fences Auxiliary: Both. 494: both. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 494: #2 At the # same time when I was a girl. Interviewer: {D: wire} um 494: Well it was the #1 wire {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} wire. # 494: wire like we got today. Interviewer: {X} 494: And then barbed wire across the top of that on the post. Interviewer: Did you uh what kind of a fence would you put around the garden? 494: Well it was a higher fence it was a six foot wire. Auxiliary: {X} 494: #1 {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # 494: #2 uh-huh # Keep the chickens out. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: uh-huh Did you have any wooden fences maybe around the yard or that uh {X}? 494: Yes I I know what you're talking bout now we'd I don't think we had any of those now we had a little uh I- I remember a little picket fence somewhere. I don't know where it was but I I remember a picket fence in my life somewhere. Interviewer: uh-huh So {NW} if you do remember it as a #1 picket fence rather than # 494: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 a pailing fence? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm Auxiliary: {X} uh Interviewer: Some 494: Well I've heard it was called pailing fence too. Interviewer: mm-hmm Mississippi they {D: center} #1 to call 'em {D: palings} uh-huh # 494: #2 palings uh-huh. # Interviewer: always. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And {NW} they fact somebody told me an interesting thing they they would cut the wedge into slices and then so the chickens couldn't uh fly out 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: their footing. Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 Uh I don't know that that's the case here. # 494: #2 Well it m- # It probably is. Interviewer: Some {X}. 494: Seem to me like we had a pailing fence around our chicken yard I believe that's what it was. Interviewer: And you did you you {D: have to remember these uh} paling or picket? 494: Pailing. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 494: #2 {D: That} was paling. # Interviewer: mm 494: The picket was all was considered old white fence like around a fire garden or something. Auxiliary: Oh it's much smaller. 494: Much smaller. Interviewer: I see. And uh {NW} different kinds of lands now uh do you remember #1 clearing {D: have you ever had} # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 clearing land? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Call new ground. Interviewer: New ground? And how would uh suppose it was bottomland what would that be? 494: That'd be swamp land. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: How would they get the water off uh? 494: Drain it dredge ditch. Interviewer: uh-huh And the difference between a swamp and a marsh? 494: Oh marsh is where uh I don't know didn't vegetation or I don't know. Interviewer: Uh one interesting thing that I've been told is that the swamp is a big area but then the marsh might be a s-? 494: #1 Small area that's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 field that's uh marshy. # 494: #2 uh-huh # Marsh uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah it it doesn't stand water all the time. 494: That's right. Auxiliary: Yeah {D: it doesn't}. 494: That's ri- uh-huh. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh {NW} the ground of it is exceptionally rich you'd say well that's uh that's very? 494: humus #1 soil. # Interviewer: #2 mm # And uh {D: if you use it as fertile} fertile or? 494: Mm-hmm fertile uh-huh. Auxiliary: Fertile. 494: That ground is fertile. Interviewer: And yo- would you say {X} would you remember saying fertile or fertile? 494: Fertile. Interviewer: #1 Fertile always? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # I've never heard fertile. Interviewer: And uh {NW} different kind of land you know what is buckshot land? Auxiliary: Uh we have that uh. 494: That's something won't grow anything isn't it #1 white land. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # ground looks like {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm Little white u- uh different colors of grains of sand or? #1 Is it sandy or more clay? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # it's uh some of it's got sand in it we've got some by uh {X}. This uh {D: muck} yard and it's white Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: clay and I. Interviewer: mm-hmm How bout a gumbo gumbo land? 494: I don't know what that is. Auxiliary: #1 {X} we don't have {X}. # 494: #2 {X} we don't have any here # Interviewer: {X} would you explain that on uh 494: #1 It's a heavy black uh. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # #1 But it's real red if you put {X}. # Interviewer: #2 Is it {X} # Auxiliary: {X} gumbo when it's wet. You can {X} it can be covered with water. And there's water going down {X} you got {X} when it's wet or you won't {X} #1 {X} # 494: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Is that gumbo land? Auxiliary: uh-uh you got to {X}. Interviewer: Uh that must be between the hills and the river {X}. Auxiliary: #1 {X} # 494: #2 mm-hmm over in Lake county. # Interviewer: uh-huh Auxiliary: mm-hmm {X} lotta gumbo. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh {X} what is that you ever use that? 494: Well that's a good soil soil isn't it? Auxiliary: mm-hmm {X} good soil. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 {X} soil and {X} # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: Would you call gumbo? Auxiliary: There's different {X}. Interviewer: {D: I s-}? Auxiliary: Two or three different kinds of {X} . Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh {NW} when you plow did you ever plow? 494: No but I know what that is. {NW} Interviewer: uh Y- when you first uh what's the difference between plowing and breaking the ground is that the same? 494: Well when you break the ground you're turning the soil over. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: For and turning the top to the bottom. And and that's called breaking the ground. And plowing is after your crop gets up and you plow through it am I right? Auxiliary: Uh I don't know. 494: Cultivate it. Interviewer: Alright. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh Auxiliary: {X} they don't do that much now. 494: But you use a plow to break the ground. Interviewer: mm-hmm I see and when you when you break the ground do you turn over? Auxiliary: #1 you turn it over {X} under. # 494: #2 The side. # Interviewer: The s- side and and how was your your you're making what? 494: mm furrows. Interviewer: Furrow? 494: #1 Furrows. # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: uh-huh And {NW} after or while you're plowing would you have two horses and uh a left handed plow what do you call the horse over here? 494: {NW} Interviewer: What do you {D: call}? 494: #1 Okay you {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} 494: #1 A lead horse and a {D: off} horse. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Uh the lead and the {D: off} #1 The lead is on the left. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: That's right. Interviewer: Uh and the {D: off} Auxiliary: The lead's on the left. Interviewer: Uh and then uh when you when you break uh when you um when you want to after you plow when you when you wanna make the the ground uh smoother what do you use? 494: You use the desk. Auxiliary: {D: when you you} {X}. Interviewer: {X} Auxiliary: {X} 494: {X} used to. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: Way back down you disc and then you had what you call a harrow you go back over this with these teeth in it. Auxiliary: That's what we'd call 'em that way back? 494: #1 Yeah we'd {C: laughs}. # Interviewer: #2 that's right uh-huh # Auxiliary: {X} we break much ground down here. Interviewer: Um they don't they just um Auxiliary: They use they use a 494: A chisel. Auxiliary: Chisel they chisel it. {X} long plow on a on a {X} behind the tractor used to go down {X}. 494: Doesn't turn the ground over. Auxiliary: Turn it over it just shakes it loose. 494: Loosens it up. Interviewer: Uh that's that's new to me uh it's probably what I've been seeing in the Delta. Uh {NW} it stirs up a terrific cloud of dust. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} and that's a chisel Auxiliary: and uh Interviewer: and they actually go down a couple feet {X}. 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: {X} and then they after they they got a {X} what they call just uh it's got {X} {X} roller behind it. And they go {X} they just don't break much round here no more. Interviewer: {X} seen hundreds of acres of that uh #1 that really kicks up an awful lot of dust. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh Auxiliary: Yeah. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: You can't always see the tractor {X}. Interviewer: Uh we talked about uh wheat and hay and uh did you ever um chop any cotton? 494: Oh yeah. Auxiliary: {C: laughs} 494: Makes my back hurt right now. Interviewer: And what how did you what what does that mean uh chop cotton? 494: Well it means to go {X} and get the weeds uh the weeds and grass out of it and to thin it out. Interviewer: #1 To thin it? # 494: #2 {D: Block it out} # and leave a certain number. Interviewer: {D: did you both}? 494: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 and the weeds and {X}? # 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And what kinds of grass uh undesirable grass or weeds did you have uh? 494: Oh we had every kind of grass crab grass and uh smartweeds and what else uh #1 stick weeds # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: uh-huh hollow weed. Interviewer: And {NW} after you cut clover and it comes back up what do you call that uh that kind of? 494: Second crops. Interviewer: #1 Just second crop? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: And uh {NW} let's see we talk about some of these talked about a {X} barrel a smaller barrel with nails that come in? 494: Keg Interviewer: And around the bigger barrel would have? 494: #1 Staves of uh {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Staves} # staves would be {X} 494: uh-huh Auxiliary: And then 494: The staves are the wooden #1 things that make the barrel. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # {D: It's a round disk} iron 494: Uh the hooves. Interviewer: uh-huh And {NW} when you pour a lager into a {X} bottle? Auxiliary: What was? 494: The neck of the bottle a funnel funnel okay. Interviewer: The reason I ask that question is I- I've heard tunnel here. 494: Oh no huh-uh Auxiliary: Tunnel {X}. Interviewer: And {NW} then th- the way you close off a bottle? 494: Cork it up. Auxiliary: uh-huh 494: Cap it up. Interviewer: Did you ever hear stopper or s-? 494: Mm-hmm stopper. Interviewer: Uh is the stopper a cork or glass or {D: isn't there}? 494: Well it would be either. A bottle or the stopper of a bottle you you use a cork stopper or a glass stopper. Auxiliary: Yeah either one. 494: Either one's a stopper. Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: And we talked about tow sacks you didn't don't know what was sacked? 494: uh-huh Interviewer: What was sacked? 494: Well I- I've heard of a gunny sack now what's that? Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: Might be finely woven. 494: I guess so. Interviewer: #1 Wo- finely woven uh # 494: #2 Yes. # #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 burlap and uh. # In the hills um you don't have any any big hills around here but uh one fact I'd like to investigate Did you ever he- 494: Yeah we have gullies. #1 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 Okay {X}. # Hills valleys mountains notches uh. 494: We have hills we don't have mountains and we don't have notches. Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: #1 But we might have a knob. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # We have hills and hollers. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} Hills? # 494: No we have hill knobs or some places I mean they're called that. Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: But we just call 'em hills and ridges we have ridges. Interviewer: What was uh did you have wide deep cut more than a gully i- in the side of a hill or between two hills? What do you call that uh? 494: A hollow. #1 {D: Cross a riverbend} that what you're getting at? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh-huh And uh the creek and uh and the uh on different pronunciations bayou bayou bayou? 494: #1 No we don't have any of those here we have creeks. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # creek here. 494: We don't even have creeks they're creeks. Interviewer: uh-huh And how bout the smaller things than a creek? 494: Ah little ditches. Auxiliary: {X} branches. 494: #1 Branches mm-hmm # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh 494: I've even heard it called both down on the creek bank. Auxiliary: #1 The creek banks. # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: uh-huh 494: {NW} Interviewer: I read a history of uh {NW} water dam economy and there it referred to um {D: u- the uh} {X} creek {X} big creek and? Auxiliary: {X} creek Interviewer: #1 creek {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: creek baby {D: the land was cut through by creek baby}.{X} 494: #1 Oh instead of cr- uh instead of baby creek oh yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 494: I don't know. Auxiliary: {D: I don't know} Interviewer: {X} And uh different kinds of trees do you have a uh Uh this is interesting I've judged from your columns your {X} how bout uh did you ever hear of a buttonwood or buttonball? 494: hmm-mm Interviewer: uh {NW} I got those names for sycamores if you have uh? 494: We have sycamores but I've never heard 'em called that. Interviewer: And about magnolias um {NW} ever hear a magnolia called a a cucumber tree? 494: A- now we've we have had cucumber trees here but I didn't know it was a magnolia tree. Interviewer: Well I don't know the {X} but 494: Well it may be in the magnolia family I wouldn't be surprised but I have we have had cucumber trees. Interviewer: Cucumber cucumber laurel tree magnolia? 494: Yeah. Interviewer: th- th- the terms {X}? 494: uh-huh We think of magnolias we think of Mississippi and on down that way but we do have a few magnolias planted #1 i- in yards here. # Auxiliary: #2 uh {X} # {D: between difference} between for uh uh I worked in the state division of forestry. and we have a {X} forester and he's out of East Tennessee {X} and they call trees maybe we what we call a a just like you {D: just} told bout that cucumber tree. They don't call 'em cucumber they call 'em something else. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: #1 Because every name for 'em {X} # 494: #2 I bet you call it # the laurel tree or something like #1 that {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} they did call 'em laurel. # And I know we got a lynn tree. We call the lynn and they I forgot what he called it we {X} called it lynn {X}. But they got different names for it in different sections of the country. Interviewer: It's uh interesting how they the terms change uh how bout uh {X} {D: did you}? 494: We don't have any rhododendrons here. Interviewer: mm And do you have any poisonous {D: pile of} bushes or vines uh? 494: #1 We have poison oak poison ivy # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: and uh. Interviewer: #1 How bout {X} bush? # 494: #2 Uh. # sumac shumac {NW} Interviewer: Which did you say uh did you used to say sumac? 494: Shumac. Interviewer: Sumac. 494: Shumac like S-H-U-M-A-K-E is what uh. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that being used as a dye? 494: Oh no. Interviewer: {X} Auxiliary: No. 494: Don't believe I have. Interviewer: Somebody told me that uh whatever it's spelled like it's pronounced shumac because she shoe makers used to use it. 494: #1 Well I guess {D: that's maybe they did} uh-huh. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And uh 494: But it's really S-U-M-A-C and it's Interviewer: Right. {X} {NW} How bout um is there anything that makes that's poisonous {X}? um 494: Oh the uh mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear bout laurel being poisonous? 494: Yes. Interviewer: #1 You did? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: uh-huh 494: But course we don't have any around here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: But I have heard that it's poisonous. Interviewer: Anything that that's poisonous uh do flowers around here? Auxiliary: I don't think so not {X} {D: nothing but}. 494: There's a buckeye tree that's poisonous to cows Interviewer: mm-hmm If they eat the? 494: If they eat the I don't know what is the the leaves or the or the buckeyes. Auxiliary: {D: They get enough}. 494: Maybe. Interviewer: And how bout {D: just any} insects um the different kinds that you remember? 494: Oh we have wasp and bumblebees and we've had 'em since I remember. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: Hornets. Interviewer: Hornets uh and the ones that uh Auxiliary: go underground. Interviewer: They dig up yes. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Which are they uh? 494: Oh. Auxiliary: {X} 494: {X} Interviewer: Um the bumblebee and the hornet has nests up? 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} Uh are these the y- yellow jackets? 494: #1 Yellow jackets what goes in the ground that's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: But we have more wasps and bumblebees #1 here than anything else. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Really?} # How bout uh things that build nests out of dirt? 494: #1 Dirt daubers we have a lot of them. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} lot of dirt daub- Interviewer: Do they sting uh? 494: #1 No I don't think so hmm-mm. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: They're little things that? 494: They're just a nuisance. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: Also a nuisance in the summer they sting you make you itch? 494: Oh yes they're little sweat beads uh. Interviewer: {D: alright an- and how how long}? 494: Oh. Interviewer: T- th- the Auxiliary: {X} 494: No it's uh. Interviewer: {X} thinking about is the mosquitoes? Auxiliary: Oh okay {X}. 494: Yes. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 494: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: Did you as as a child {D: what did you call 'em}? 494: Mosquitoes. Interviewer: #1 Mosquitoes? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: And the ones that get up under your skin if you walk through? 494: Chiggers. Auxiliary: Chiggers. 494: #1 We got them too. {C: laughs} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} 494: And ticks. Interviewer: uh-huh And how bout the bugs are green and jump? 494: #1 Grasshoppers. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you ever hear hopper grass? 494: hmm-mm Auxiliary: huh-uh 494: It's grasshoppers. Auxiliary: mm Interviewer: And uh spiderweb is uh? Do you um the difference between dew web spiderweb and cobweb? 494: Well yes I think th- {NW} uh a cobweb a dew web you can be walking out in the yard and can't even see it and run into it it gets all over you. And a cobweb is what grows up in the corner your house. {NW} Different places don't look up and a spiderweb you can see the forms uh where the spider weaves their web out you know in different. Interviewer: I see. 494: ways. I think there's a difference in all three. Interviewer: mm-hmm Which one uh collects dirt it seems to be dusty and #1 are these cobwebs? # 494: #2 I believe # #1 that's a cobweb mm-hmm. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Cobweb. Interviewer: And the bugs that fly around a candle or? 494: Uh. Interviewer: Or any light? 494: Oh they're um candle flies no what are they? Interviewer: #1 Candle flies and and and? # Auxiliary: #2 It's uh {X} # 494: #1 There's another name I'm trying to think of. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # There's the huge candle fly some places they're called moths. 494: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh. 494: But the ones that we call these moths that we see out in our garden these little yellow things that are flitting around from #1 bean row to bean row. # Interviewer: #2 that's # mm-hmm 494: That's moths. Interviewer: And the ones that get in your clothes? 494: That's moths too {NW} Interviewer: And uh {NW} the ones that uh send off light at night? 494: That's lightning bugs. Interviewer: Do you folks say {D: the expression} {X}? 494: #1 No we don't {X}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # There's a wonderful article when {X} uh on {NW} there's a park in Memphis that somebody {X} and said they these lightning bugs need to be investigated. Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: That there's {X} {D: they} look over the uh whole park. and so help me every lightning bug is turning off and on his light and at the same time. #1 {X} {C: laughs}. # 494: #2 Well # Interviewer: The whole park was on and off. 494: Well. Interviewer: {X} So uh {X} uh you'd be interested in #1 that {X}? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: {X} send you a copy uh um. He said do some more investigating {D: in at regular} {X}. 494: Is that Lydel Sims' column no he's he writes for the Press {X}. #1 No Lydel writes for {D: parks and hills}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # This is on the front page it's called silent Memphis and. 494: That's Lydel Sims. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: Uh. 494: #1 We did take the {D: commercial bill of}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # If you're interested {D: now I'd be happy to} {X}. 494: Okay. Interviewer: {X} send it to you {X}. 494: Route 2 on Bines. {NS} Interviewer: #1 uh {X} # 494: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And what is? Interviewer: #1 Send that to you {D: soon}. # 494: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: {X} anything. How bout the uh little bug that um has two sets of wings and darts around uh over water? 494: Oh. Interviewer: #1 S- u- sort of hovers in the garden? # 494: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} hovers? 494: W- what are those things? I know what you're talking bout. Interviewer: All kinds of names for 'em uh is it something that starts with a snake? 494: #1 Oh snake doctor yes snake doctor. # Interviewer: #2 Snake doctor. # #1 The reason I didn't wanna suggest {X} # 494: #2 mm-hmm yeah. # Interviewer: {X} also. {NW} 494: Yeah oh we I you mentioned that earlier. Interviewer: {D: Is that right}? 494: And uh I- I thought then that what we called them snake doctors here. Interviewer: {X} uh-huh And different kinds of birds uh how bout owls? 494: We have few owls here uh. Interviewer: The big ones or the ones that? 494: The hoot owls or the? Interviewer: The smaller ones um. 494: U- little oh Interviewer: {D: There's}? 494: Screech owls. Interviewer: #1 Screech owls? # 494: #2 Screech owls. # Interviewer: #1 {X} I didn't wanna suggest. # 494: #2 Yeah {C: laughs}. # Interviewer: The {D: is there any} some of the pronunciations are they use screech screech? 494: #1 No well we call 'em screech owls. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Screech uh-huh. 494: {X} is that what you call 'em? Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: #1 Screech owls? # Auxiliary: #2 Screech owls. # Interviewer: And we mentioned the the bird that uh? 494: #1 Peck a wood a woodpecker {C: laughs}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} uh-huh # They have {NW} all kinds of small things like uh well everything from rats to weasels what do you call all of 'em together? 494: They're rodents. Interviewer: uh 494: #1 The rodent family. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # That that's more of a scientific 494: Uh. Interviewer: Uh. What would you call it that? When you were younger? 494: Well I'd call 'em rats and mice. Interviewer: Uh but the whole group of 'em you father might say I'm gonna get my gun and go out and shoot that? Would you say varmint? 494: I guess you hear varmint. Interviewer: #1 Varmint {X}. # 494: #2 yeah uh-huh # mm-hmm varmint. Interviewer: And the little things that uh {X} small but you scare 'em terrific smell? 494: Oh skunks. Interviewer: #1 Skunks {X}. # Auxiliary: #2 mm-hmm mm # Interviewer: Different kinds of squirrels um Auxiliary: {X} or um. 494: Red squirrel the gray squirrel. Auxiliary: {X} squirrel. Interviewer: #1 And how bout {X}? # 494: #2 {X} squirrel. # Interviewer: {X} squirrel. Things that {D: go underground} that have? 494: Moles. Interviewer: Moles? Uh these look like squirrels they're just about as big uh? 494: Oh you mean run on the ground? Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Oh. Auxiliary: uh chip- 494: Chipmunks. Interviewer: Chipmunks uh do you have chipmunks here? 494: #1 U- we don't have any chipmunks here do we? # Interviewer: #2 No I don't # Auxiliary: No I don't believe we do I don't remember seeing any {X}. 494: huh-uh Interviewer: That's another interesting. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} some some people call 'em gophers {X}. Auxiliary: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Ground {X}. # 494: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay {D: they're just} and different kinds of frogs? 494: mm-hmm #1 We have uh the bullfrogs and. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The ones? 494: Toad frogs {NW} Interviewer: Those the same one that {X}? 494: Uh-huh the u- uh. Auxiliary: Bullfrogs. Interviewer: {X} supposed to get in trees? 494: Tree frogs. Interviewer: {X} same same? 494: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: #1 Tree frogs uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # And how bout the hard shell things {X}? 494: Turtles and the terrapins and the. Interviewer: Which are which? 494: Well the turtles I think uh stay in the water more #1 and terrapins ar- # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 494: u- can be on dry land more. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well. Auxiliary: I uh I hate to give up cause I'm enjoying this. Interviewer: {NW} {D: well I think that you're running out of questions Let's see uh do you have anything that you uh would like to suggest?One thing m you mentioned right smart when you uh when you got to uh Memphis and you take a bus perhaps y- you tell the driver {X} uh th- the next street is where I want? 494: Off. Auxiliary: Want off. 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: uh-huh Interviewer: And uh {NW} somebody is rushing to get to church and uh he's late an- and he might say something about uh church will be over by the? 494: How'd I get there? Interviewer: {D: right up there there}? And uh how bout the expression uh y'all in this area? 494: We use it quite a bit. Interviewer: And uh it hasn't dropped in our conversation {X} probably because o- there hasn't been an opportunity. 494: I guess ri- Interviewer: uh h- how how um how would you say it is used in {X}? 494: In the general term you all come back to see us or? Auxiliary: {X} 494: uh-huh Interviewer: And uh {X} do you do you think that's passing out of use or not in conversation? 494: Well since we haven't used it here this afternoon I haven't been conscious that have not used it. Auxiliary: uh-huh 494: Uh I don't I guess it may be but I I still use it quite a bit. Interviewer: uh-huh I could tell you a joke I remember. A lady {NW} in Mississippi said no uh just country people says {X} not good anymore. {X} But that moment her sister in law came in says y'all still taping? 494: Yeah. Auxiliary: {C: laughs} {X} 494: Yeah. Auxiliary: {C: laughs} Interviewer: So {C: laughs} uh I didn't say. 494: And wha- what are y'all doing? Auxiliary: {X} 494: Now i- it's shortened I mean I use it most y'all. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: Instead of you all. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: What are y'all doing or? Interviewer: It's uh it's a shame if it's uh passing out of use because it's uh it's a very nice expression. But uh I was interested in the fact that the lady did not {X} {C: they laugh}. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: Uh it's normally country people. 494: Well do you know why it's passing out of use I guess like you said all schools are getting uh Interviewer: {X} 494: Standardized using the same. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 Children I suppose {X} # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: {X} um that's not right. 494: I can remember you was talking about chopping cotton. The two years we lived in Lay county my daddy ran some land over on the river. And the rows over there I don't think have any end. You can't see from one end to the other. They take you all day to to chop from one end to the other. And we ge- we're bout halfway in the field when the noon hour came. And we carried our lunch and was right close to the river and we decided we'd go over on the riverbank and eat our lunch and uh. We had some negroes {NW} chopping with us they were th- nicest best old things. And uh w- we we're going to leave they was going to over there and was all going to eat our lunch together so before I left I stuck my whole handle down so I could tell where to go back to but you couldn't see it. But we was walking on down and I'd reckon this old nigger woman looked back and she said lordy miss Bonnie said you left that whole handle sticking up. You mustn't do that goes right back out and take #1 that down so there'd be a death in your # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 family before the year's out. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: And she made me go back and lay my hoe down. #1 She said we don't want anybody dying in your family. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {D: There are a lot of passing superstitions like that uh} # 494: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # Interviewer: um how bout opening an umbrella in the ho-? 494: #1 In the house that was one. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Auxiliary: {D: I remember} {X}. 494: #1 She really was and {D: sweeping}. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {D: front door and she'd go around come around the house she's} {X} {D: that back door she's coming around the front door} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} uh-huh # I I've heard that uh Auxiliary: She wasn't. Interviewer: But it doesn't mean uh bad luck it means company will come. 494: #1 Well I don't know what her superstition about it was but. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} 494: And I sweep at night she wouldn't sweep. crush out and she might sweep up the floor but she'd leave it a little pile 'til morning she wouldn't sweep it. Interviewer: Somebody {X} the door what does that mean? 494: Good luck. Interviewer: Good luck? 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: uh-huh Interviewer: Uh is it 494: My daddy was superstitious too he wouldn't. Uh he's gonna plant his field down here. He would go down there and do something on Thursday evening. Auxiliary: {X} 494: He wouldn't start Fri- he wouldn't #1 start any job on Friday. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did he uh? Auxiliary: {X} get through with it now he knew he could start a job on Friday morning and through with it before the day's over {D: if he would}. Interviewer: Would he plant by signs uh? 494: #1 Yes he would he would very much of a sign planter. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} uh he marked all the signs and. Interviewer: {X} uh? 494: Yes it was. Auxiliary: {C: laughs} Interviewer: After all um do you remember any um any superstitions about uh or real events about uh ghosts or haunts {X}? 494: Oh yes this hill right here is noted. But we've lived here many many years and we've yet to see that first ghost or haunt. Interviewer: Is that right? 494: But we're we've heard stories and my aunt my daddy's sister used to live here there's a great big house oh it was a huge house. It burned. And uh I was a child I used to come here and oh the scary tales they'd tell it would just scare us to death. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: And uh then we've heard that we've heard her husband would tell about the different lights that would start up on the ridge and he said now just wait you'll see 'em. We never did see it but they'd talk about it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: Oh it was scary and that house was scary. Interviewer: Did you ever uh as a child think you saw a ghost or a haunt? 494: Oh I think I did I've seen 'em haunted {NW}. #1 But I really don't think I did but I thought I did if you know what I mean. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh uh-huh # mm-hmm A lot of people um tell very convinces stories {X} before the countryside uh before electricity was just absolutely had a totally black. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh they would see lights and uh. Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: um smell goats Did you ever hear of that? 494: No. Interviewer: The uh if a ghost were passing the sme- {X} the smell of {D: a} goat. 494: Well. Interviewer: And uh smell burning uh like burnt silver {X} That's what I remember {X} uh people used to think they were associated with the devil or {X}. 494: Well I don't know whether they thought that or not but this aunt and my uncle of mine just really scared me to death right here on this very hill . Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: And uh even after the old house burned the big ol' house and when Ezra and I moved here married and moved here we moved a little house that was back up in the field little two room house. And course this old cistern is still out yonder and then the- there's another cistern right under the corner of this room when this house was built it was filled up. But that old cistern you know after the house burned uh the bricks crumbled it did grow up with bushes and. We had some more peoples living in a little house out here that was helping near the farm. And this woman said now there's a a haunt that comes up out of that cistern every night at midnight and said she's got on a long flowing robe and long black hair so I've seen her. And we decided one night that we'd just come down here and wait for it. And we sat out there till about two o'clock the haunt never did come out of that cistern. Auxiliary: {C: laughs} 494: I I just don't know what. Interviewer: {X} probably discouraged it. 494: Well probably so. Auxiliary: {C: laughs} 494: But I can remember coming here when my aunt lived here. And uh we'd come and chop cotton for my uncle and she my aunt would stay here they had this big ol' house was huge was four great big rooms straight back and then three straight back and then then three straight back. It was that big and they were huge rooms too. And she would cook and then at dinner time she would bring our dinner to us. And uh to the field and most of the time they all thought I was too little to chop cotton and they'd leave me here to help her fix the dinner and bring it in the buggy to them up there. #1 And that was great fun he {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: she was a good cook. And h- this man was my uncle had every one of these ridges named and every holler. I wish I could remember which ridge and which holler was which since we own the farm now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: I I just don't remember wha- what he called them. Interviewer: Did he name this {X}? 494: No this this ridge got its name pea ridge back during the depression u- when that was depression cause we didn't live here during the depression but it's in the uh late thirties. And um we had {X} the post depression I guess you'd say. And we planted a lot of peas round different spots on these ridges different maybe the cotton wouldn't come up to a certain place and we'd plant peas. Every {X} plant peas we did. And my brother in law who was raised in Cape Torano Missouri uh he was a river man and they were between jobs and he came that year to help us with the farming a little bit. #1 And he said oh {X} we pick peas and pick peas # Auxiliary: #2 {C: laughs} # 494: and I think that was when we first got our a pressure canner. And we'd can peas and we'd dry peas. And we had so many ple- peas he said oh I'll tell you what that place is just pea ridge is all IT IS and it's gone to that name ever since. Interviewer: Is tha- Auxiliary: mm mm mm Interviewer: The uh birds didn't go after the peas? 494: No. Auxiliary: {X} no. 494: If they did there's still plenty left still plenty left. Interviewer: That's the uh problem I guess with growing peas now is the birds will go through and {X} and #1 and uh. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: Nothing left so well that's that's interesting uh. 494: {NW} Interviewer: What do you think? Auxiliary: We're still growing we still have a pea pasture {X} every year {X} {D: have a pea pasture} {X} going to plant one. 494: One year we put up so many peas canned them and dried them and we ate so many peas that uh he told somebody his blood was ninety percent pea soup. Auxiliary: {C: they all laugh} Interviewer: {D: Did you ever have uh starlings} did you {D: have a bird} starlings or? 494: I we called black birds I I don't whether the same thing as starlings or not. Interviewer: {NW} They are a a black bird usually is a glossy black with a long tail uh. Auxiliary: We got those starlings {X}. Interviewer: Starlings are grubby kind of looking blueish gray and speckled? 494: Yeah. Interviewer: short tail and starlings are the ones that take our peas {X}? 494: #1 Well. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} to have as much as much trouble in uh in the winter time {X}. 494: That's right it was the starling {X} and the cities I think even in cities a certain spot he said he had trouble with starlings. And plots in Tennessee I think starlings nearly took over up there. Auxiliary: {X} {X} on a hill. Interviewer: mm-hmm And I I don't remember uh {NW} uh as a kid I don't I don't remember #1 starlings. # Auxiliary: #2 I don't remember 'em either. # 494: I don't ei-. Interviewer: Yeah they've just uh taken over. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} uh Auxiliary: I think they're coming here from so- I don't believe we had 'em when we Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: {X}. Interviewer: {X} black birds? Auxiliary: Oh yeah we {X}. Interviewer: Black bird doesn't do much uh. 494: We had to build scarecrows in the garden to keep some kind of birds out of the garden. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 494: Or maybe it was the rabbits we're keeping out. Auxiliary: Maybe it was a hamster? 494: Maybe it was {NW} Auxiliary: I think when uh we can {X} {X} scarecrow {X} those gardens and uh {X} for deer. Interviewer: #1 Oh is that right {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: Well I didn't know that. Auxiliary: {X} up there were when we're {X} awful time {X} with deer. {X} raid the garden. Interviewer: {D: I suppose it's uh do you} hunt very much uh. Auxiliary: They do hunting too course {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh Auxiliary: Th- uh they have a regular deer season. Interviewer: I'm surprised to uh to {X} to places #1 {X} {NW} {X} deer crossings no matter where you. # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah {X} # mm-hmm Interviewer: Talking bout m- uh Auxiliary: {X} smart. Interviewer: uh-huh Auxiliary: When I {X} for four days {X} I didn't see a deer. {X} Interviewer: uh {X} {X} There's four each now so it's mostly {X}. Auxiliary: saw a lot of deer tracks Interviewer: Oh. Auxiliary: down on the little branches where they'd been down the water. But I never saw a deer. Interviewer: mm-hmm How long have you been with the forestry um? Auxiliary: {D: Twenty-nine} years {X} in September. Interviewer: That's uh that's a job next to the one that I've got uh I think it'd be most desirable. 494: Well when he first went to work for the forestry division they had a forest fires to fight I never knew what time of the night he'd be coming in because lots of times they'd fight the fire on till midnight. But the last few years people have either gotten educated or something because they haven't been having to fight. Auxiliary: They just got they just decided to {X} what the value of timber is. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: It's timber that makes fire {X} and they and they {X} at the loss they had of timber {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: He spends most of his time now a lot of it in in the woods uh #1 with the uh district forester {D: cruising} timber and # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: one week he he spent over matches trace. Auxiliary: Oh yeah. 494: mark uh. Auxiliary: Yeah right that uh. 494: freeze ice. Auxiliary: {X} a lot of timber {X} got seventy-five acres that's torn down. {X} Th- that's a seventy-five acre fine. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: {X} twenty-two thousand dollar wood {X} got forty-two thousand acres {X}. Interviewer: I s- um did you have much ice here {X}? 494: Oh yes. Auxiliary: We {X} didn't break the trees down like it did of course we don't have pine like do over there. Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} Mississippi was around {X} springs was really in bad shape. {X} I'm sure you've read about it. Auxiliary: Yeah. Interviewer: Highways were closed and beautiful trees {D: in town} {X} and uh trees are just laid over every which way. 494: mm-hmm I will tell you what happened a few years ago we had a ice storm through here and we couldn't get off of this hill it was so icy. And uh and he would manage to get to the mailbox and back to get our mail and take letters and. We had a I believe I o- one of our telephone lines down when the when the power off too but anyhow we were kinda stranded all except the mail. And we had written our daughters in Memphis that we were stranded you know. And I believe he walked out to Elbridge it's about a mile and a half out there it's a little store maybe one day got us some milk and bread. But anyhow we had written to them that we were stranded. And that was all about the time that they were pushing nationwide sending care packages overseas. Auxiliary: #1 well one day we got a package in the mail. # Interviewer: #2 {C: laughs} # Auxiliary: {C: laughs} 494: And we had a a package of crackers and some cheese and lots of dominoes and a box of checkers. I don't know what all it had in it it had uh course had o- our name and address on the outside we took that wrapper off on the inside they had care package {NW}. Interviewer: #1 {X} poor isolated natives. # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # That's right. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: I'll start telling you how I go about my writing uh messenger. I took a I noticed a little ad in a magazine one time about take a free writing test to see whether you have the abilities to write. So I sent for it and they sent me the test and I took the test did everything it told me sent it back. Well they graded it and sent it back to me and then I got a telephone call. They said I had made such a high score they wanted to send the representative to talk to me about taking a writing course. Auxiliary: {D: Oh yeah}. 494: And well he came and talked to me but I couldn't afford the writing course {NW}. Cost too much I told him I just couldn't do it. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: And there's this uh what it was this famous #1 writers school I guess you've probably heard of that? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh-huh Yeah well that's uh that really is highly recommended. 494: mm-hmm #1 But I didn't take it I didn't feel like I could afford it so. # Interviewer: #2 {X} idea how much # Uh it's a very well good for you. 494: mm Interviewer: I think um you do have a flair. 494: #1 I just {X} along on these {X} {C: laughs}. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Auxiliary: {X} paper here {X}. 494: Well. Interviewer: Well. 494: mm Interviewer: And the same things with uh that's true nationwide just about {D: uh these carjacks like this one or} #1 writing {X}? # 494: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: Just doesn't doesn't pay so uh I would like very much to see it. one of your columns if um if you? 494: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 {D: care to} # If you uh? 494: #1 If you give me your leave your name and address I'll # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X}? 494: #1 That's alright. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I um {NW} {NS} {X} Since I've been traveling the only place I've got that's pretty permanent is uh my elderly parents are home in in Ohio so I'll leave that uh. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: And I go up there oh every month or so so. 494: Are you not married? Interviewer: No {X} women wouldn't put up with me. Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: Well {D: the} {D: seems I got more} #1 more of a gypsy in my old age {X} I used to. # 494: #2 {C: laughs} # We like to travel around but we don't get much chance to uh our two daughters in Memphis their husbands took us last year they began planning Christmas. Uh but they were going to take a trip to California and uh they were gonna take us with them. And they both set up they got their vacation set up the same time. And they kept their little bed there talk to us bout now we're going to California with us. And course uh we got to talking {NW} kind of a gas rationing kinda got Auxiliary: Oh yeah. 494: talking about then and I said well I don't know whether we ought to or not we may get stranded out there well both of the daughters well they weren't worried. So they didn't think the gas rationing was all that bad and uh so we we went we went two cars one of 'em's got th- there's five in one family four in the other family. And they said now there's two cars of us going and we gonna take both of you all said. Interviewer: Wonderful. Auxiliary: {C: laughs} 494: #1 And said oh it's going to cost you {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: They said all it's going to cost you is where you sleep and what you eat. Interviewer: mm-hmm And your your gas bill won't cost you a thing transportation {X}. mm 494: #1 But we just had a wonderful trip it was only two weeks and # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 got to see a lot of the country. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did uh not have any trouble with? 494: #1 Didn't have any trouble # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: into two national parks and uh gra- old grand Auxiliary: grand 494: Grand Canyon national park and the Sequoia national park they limited us to ten gallons. #1 But that's about it no that wasn't bad # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 494: #1 but the {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 uh. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} {X} 494: #1 They never {D: did} let their tanks go down very # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: well bout half full before they'd stop and fill up again. And hadn't had a bit of trouble. Interviewer: Well that's uh that's interesting {D: it was towards the} end of the month #1 to uh {X}. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm Interviewer: Gallon of uh gas was was difficult in Mississippi uh families {X} around that time. That's funny I don't know why you think of all the #1 {X} on the gulf. # 494: #2 mm-hmm # Auxiliary: Well they told us somebody told us in Colorado {X} um {X} get gas in Colorado ninety percent of the stations were closed. Well we pulled up right next {X} they let you have all all you want. 494: #1 {X} just won't have to pump any tomorrow then. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Oh I see. 494: But we went we left right at the last of June and we were gone the first week. Well it was right at the last of June or first of July don't know when. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 494: #2 uh # #1 last year last summer. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Well #1 I hear that {X} # 494: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 {X}. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} you couldn't hardly get gas in Colorado we filled up. 494: It was in uh Laramie Wy- Laramie Wyoming. Auxiliary: {X} going on down to {D: Denver}. Interviewer: mm-hmm Auxiliary: So we filled up and {X} that morning and went on to Denver and they told us {X} these people we saw in our motel at night said that uh. 494: #1 You just couldn't get gas in Colorado. # Auxiliary: #2 You couldn't get # gas in Colorado. Interviewer: mm Auxiliary: And uh we {X} {X} {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: A lot of people like to travel abroad but I'll tell you there's a lot of the United States that I haven't seen. #1 And I'd like to see we've got a lot of things to # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 494: #1 see here in our country. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And that's the one thing jobs {X} is to #1 {X}. # 494: #2 {X} I'm # #1 sure I'll never get to see 'em all but. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Auxiliary: uh-huh {X} Interviewer: Well I certainly thank you for your. 494: I'll tell you what I'll do we have a little fair Obion County fair and I enter a lot of exhibits. And whatever prize money I enter uh when I win on 'em they pay pretty good prize money uh I put it in a little like {X} savings account. And then I do a catering just kind of as hobby like. Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: A weddings or birthday cakes or do a lot of baking in other words. Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: And uh whatever they pay me for that I put that and I add it all year to that little savings account. Well we've got a pretty good little nest egg to take a little trip on. Auxiliary: {X} 494: {NW} Interviewer: What kind of things do you enter at the fair um? 494: Oh anything from uh I enter mostly baking and canning Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: is and garden produce and like the bar of lye soap and Interviewer: mm-hmm 494: anything. Interviewer: What uh what time of the year is the fair? 494: It's the latter part of #1 of August the last week of August it is. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I have I enjoy those things I've {X} uh {X}. 494: #1 Uh-huh steam engine {X} so far. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # They don't have a thrasher just the engine. Interviewer: uh-huh 494: #1 And we had pretty nice music {X}. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # They run it. Interviewer: They keep it up. Auxiliary: Yeah and they Interviewer: They had a fair not far from where my parents live they've got uh they have a oh I suppose um a dozen or more with the uh {X} thrashers and uh. 494: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 They # #1 saw logs there with old uh {X} steam. # Auxiliary: #2 Yeah uh-huh # Interviewer: The uh thing that impresses me is {X} enormous um {X}. Auxiliary: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} uh {X} 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: mm-hmm Interviewer: They never fly off they never {X} . 494: #1 That's right. # Auxiliary: #2 {C: laughs} # Interviewer: {X} flying around. 494: I remember those too. We are are saving up and looking forward to our nation our country's bicentennial. And we started in this year our fair. Uh and then next year and then the next year will be the bicentennial of seventy-six. Auxiliary: mm-hmm 494: And uh we're starting in getting old {D: things we want old cider mill old sogger mill an old saw mill and} #1 different things like that set up and uh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # mm-hmm 494: Then in in seventy-six we plan our big uh celebration of the bicentennial. Interviewer: It's wonderful for young people because they {X} uh. 494: mm-hmm Interviewer: they'll they'll forget about it uh. Auxiliary: What was Obion county uh {X} to have. 494: Oh the sex- sextra- centennial. Auxiliary: #1 {X} # 494: #2 {X} # but last year. Auxiliary: And an old fashioned {D: wig} and {X}. 494: mm Interviewer: mm #1 That sounds {X} have a good time. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # #1 {X} they won a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Auxiliary: sweepstakes out in 494: in Tennessee. Interviewer: Oh is that right? 494: mm-hmm Auxiliary: uh-huh Interviewer: Now I hope I'm in this area I'd like to 494: Well I do too. Interviewer: come and see your fair and Auxiliary: mm 494: We have a nice fair. Interviewer: Well thank you very much for your time I'm I uh. 494: I'm Interviewer: As you ordinarily talk. 503: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 If you would # uh count up to twenty say and I'll watch this and see how it's recording okay? 503: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty. Interviewer: Okay. And would you say the days of the week? Uh Sunday Monday 503: Day's day's Thursday ain't it? Interviewer: That's right. If you just start with Sunday and 503: Just Sunday? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday. Interviewer: Alright sir the months of the year and then 503: But I don't remember that. Interviewer: Uh just January February. um Just in your ordinary voice. uh 503: January February March April May June July and August September October November December. Interviewer: Alright sir. This has um a needle here and as you talk the needle moves back and forth and #1 I can tell whether it's re- # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: recording or not. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: I think this will be fine. Okay and first thing I'd like to ask is uh is it cool enough in here for you? 503: Yes it's alright by #1 me. # Interviewer: #2 I'd # be glad to turn that #1 on though. # 503: #2 It # it'll be alright for me. Interviewer: Alright sir. 503: Either way {D: I'm not gonna do anything.} Interviewer: Well let's let's see if it's um 503: {NW} Interviewer: Open these up a little bit {NS} Should cool off I think in a hurry here. Uh So you say you're you grew up um in um in the county right? 503: Yes sir. Haywood county. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Can you hear me all right? uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Alright if uh I I don't want you to be on uh strings. 503: #1 No I I that's alright I'll I'll get back when I get ready. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Alright. # 503: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: You were leaning back when uh #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yes # sir. Interviewer: Just relax. I can um 503: That's alright. Interviewer: Tell you I can sit here you just #1 you just lay on it # 503: #2 Alright. # Interviewer: and uh use this. So you were born in Haywood County about how far from uh Brownsville? 503: Bout eight or ten miles. Interviewer: Uh huh. uh 503: And number eight district born then they've changed it up now. I don't know what it is. Interviewer: The streets. Eight or ten miles. And was it back in this direction? 503: {X} No north of Brownsville. Interviewer: North. And you're 82? 503: 82 will be last that July. Interviewer: And you're been a farmer all your life? 503: Yes. Interviewer: And {NW} your religion? 503: Baptist. Interviewer: Baptist. And uh and uh Did you get a chance to go to school very much #1 when you were a boy? # 503: #2 Not very much # no Interviewer: 'Bout how many years? uh 503: Well I don't know about it. I got in the fourth grade I had to go live in {D: Dahlonega.} Fourth grade. Interviewer: That was in the county? 503: Yes. Interviewer: And do you happen to remember where your mother and father were born? 503: Well I guess they were born in Haywood County too. Interviewer: Oh. And they didn't get a chance to go to school very #1 much? # 503: #2 Not # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 very much. # No. Interviewer: Uh and they were part of the farm #1 {X} # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you have any recollection of your grandparents? 503: #1 No sir don't have very recollection of them talking # Interviewer: #2 I see. Uh huh. # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And your wife? Is she living? 503: No sir she's been dead just for six years. Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 503: #2 six years # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And how old was she when she died? 503: She was about uh 72 or 3 I guess. Interviewer: She was a Baptist too? 503: Yes. Interviewer: And did she get grow up on a farm? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: So she had about the same education. 503: Yeah. Well no she had a little more than I did. Interviewer: Oh did she? 503: Yes. Interviewer: I guess girls could go to school easier than boys. 503: Yeah you right about that. {NW} She got out for a finish out that home and come to town a little bit but not much Interviewer: I see uh A couple years in high school? 503: No it wasn't that long. Interviewer: Oh. 503: It wasn't a year I'd reckon in high school. Interviewer: and uh What I'd like to do is ask you uh uh just to tell me what you remember about uh oh things like the different buildings that you had on the farm when you were a boy and uh where you kept the uh cattle and and uh and where you keep the tools. 503: Well. Interviewer: Things like that 503: We had uh had a barn. 'Course there's mostly mules at that time than there was cows. And uh We hard a barn now then and of course we had a house we lived in. and uh That was when I was growing up. Interviewer: mm-hmm That's what I'm interested in so. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: That's what I'm interested in so 503: Yeah. Interviewer: What you remember when you were a boy. 503: Yeah. And uh and we moved to my grandmother's place. Why we moved we moved from uh below the church house at home at that time down to, to our home place when I was young. {X} And then so we stayed there several years and then we moved across the creek then to my grandmother's place and over there's where my dad and uh my uncle both died at. Interviewer: I see. 503: They died less than 50 years old. Interviewer: Oh I see. 503: And we we felt that at that time know it uh people be getting kinda old. Interviewer: Uh 50 was pretty old. 503: Yeah. It was. Uh we we moved back over 'bout then at our home place and right we stayed there then 'til all of us married off and then uh my mother and sister then they bought a place in town and moved to town and sold that place out there. Interviewer: I see. 503: So uh That's why my Sister's in town now I guess. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: Why she's still there. uh Where did you keep the uh the hay at there that you've got? uh 503: Well. um They kept it in the barn now they had a hay shed {D: to call} it. and uh I reckon Uncle John was the first one bought a hay baler. And then in that county it's been years ago I just can't remember. Interviewer: Sure. 503: And he bought a two-horse hay baler and course you had to feed it and tie it out you know so. Now this day and time of course all you gotta do is sit up on the tractor and it will do the work. {NW} Interviewer: Hey the tractor's air-conditioned. 503: That's right. That's right. Interviewer: I wonder if uh now that you mention the baler would you tell me how you'd uh uh cut the hay and what you'd do with it? 503: Well we uh we cut it with a moor mule moor at that time and had a mule rakes. and uh They'd uh Now I I don't know I don't know too much about it before before he bought this uh baler. I {D: read} and they stack it. Interviewer: Uh huh. I've seen a lot of stacks made. Uh they cut it they stack it and 503: Yeah Interviewer: Uh 503: Well they put it in a wheat pounder {D: Wind rolling in a shop.} And then they'd they'd put it eight or ten loads maybe on a stack what you call a stack. Interviewer: I see. How would-- would they have a pole and 503: Yeah yeah they'd they'd have a pole and uh set it on the ground and then just pile hay all the way around it and on up {X} Interviewer: I see. How high would that be about? 503: Well about ten or fifteen feet high Interviewer: uh uh did you ever see anything that uh that might put holes in the ground and then some poles like this and stack hay around it? 503: I believe I have seen that. Interviewer: I wonder what that was called. 503: I don't know but uh Interviewer: uh Does a rick sound right? A hay barrow or a hay rick? {C: pronunciation as barry} 503: I don't know what it was called. Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 503: #2 But uh # I believe I've seen that Remember something about that Interviewer: {X} I um saw this picture in the in the commercial appeal the other day of an old hay rake uh I suppose this was the kind that you had. 503: yeah yeah Interviewer: yeah 503: {D: there} Yeah that it is Interviewer: Oh yeah This one got that one in Virginia {X} 503: {NW} Interviewer: {D: keeping that time} I was just in a commercial appeal last week. 503: Yeah that it is old old hay rake. Interviewer: uh huh and uh {NW} then Then you they they didn't start in the barn before they baled it they uh they had it out in the stack you said? 503: Well I think so. Of course they put a loose hay bale takes up a lot more room than uh baled hay will. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh I may have then filled up everything I could you know in the shed and uh then stacked them high. Interviewer: I see. uh do they uh where do they keep the baled hay then? uh 503: Well then they keep that in the shed. Interviewer: I see 503: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever have anything uh up under the under the under the roof of the barn? Ever keep any hay up there? 503: Well. I I guess so in uh the loft of the barn and uh hay shed together you know. There'd be a hay shed on one side maybe and a {D: log tending} barn maybe put hay over there Interviewer: I see. 503: and those bales. Interviewer: Any place uh that you can store 'em. 503: Yes. Interviewer: uh huh. And uh where did you keep the tools that you had? uh 503: Well they- they- most of them stayed outdoors #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 503: just like you do now. Interviewer: uh huh. and uh. The corn? How about that? uh 503: They had a {D: priv} to put that in. Interviewer: {X} 503: Yes. What you call a priv. Interviewer: Did you grow much wheat or oats? 503: Well there wasn't too much that was growed I I don't know that we ever growed any. Might have growed some oats Or hay something like that. Interviewer: Did uh did folks ever have anything they called a granary #1 to keep that in? uh # 503: #2 I I think I've heard of that. # Interviewer: uh huh I was wondering how they'd, how would they keep the rats out? uh #1 the the # 503: #2 Well uh # I I don't know about that. Interviewer: And They uh {NW} What animals did you have and did you have hogs? uh 503: Yes sir we had 'course we raised that {X} that at that time you know uh there wasn't nobody {D: settling in the hog department.} Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And uh we raised our own meat and kill 'em. Interviewer: Fresh eggs? Would you tell me uh anything you remember about uh About the hogs? uh About where you keep them and uh 503: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 about where you kill 'em? # 503: um 'course there we was I come from a pretty good sized family and uh we always had some {D: sows to kill} and about from six to ten I reckon. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh After that right just before killing time a while before well we'd make a pen. About eight or ten to a pen {D: squabbling} you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And put a floor in then put 'em on that floor. And they, people then think at that time they were fetting a hog without it on 'em {D: fold} pen Interviewer: Is that right? 503: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 uh huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And how would they how would you feed 'em then? 503: Corn. Interviewer: Uh huh and uh 503: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Where # where would you you just throw it in the pen #1 or # 503: #2 Yes just # throw it all in the pen. Interviewer: I see. 503: Yes. Interviewer: uh Did you have when they were in the pen how did you feed 'em? Did you have something like this? uh 503: No they uh they had maybe had a little lock there uh huh Interviewer: {D: alright} You had a trough for uh 503: No there-- well there was a watering trough they had a watering trough Interviewer: uh and uh uh wh-what did you call a {D: little} hog {D: would they hold} or not? 503: {NW} Interviewer: And how about uh how about after {D: he were} after he was fixed. What what did you call him then? 503: Barley. Interviewer: I see. um Did you do the uh did you operate on him yourself? 503: Well no I never did uh in my life work on one but uh I would have the neighbors do that for me. Interviewer: uh huh What do they call it? uh 503: Castrate. Interviewer: #1 Castrate huh? # 503: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: And uh What's a what's a shoat? and uh And what uh what do folks mean when they say shoat? uh What's a shoat, a gelder? {C: gelter?} 503: Well. That's uh that's just a shoat after you get past the pig, you know, before he gets to be a hog. Interviewer: I see. 503: Just call him a shoat. Interviewer: Uh huh. Not uh 503: You get that 75 pound to a hundred Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 Something like that. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And the gelts did did you ever use that? uh 503: Yeah. Yeah or gelts. Interviewer: Is that the female #1 or is that a # 503: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: {D: darba?} 503: That's a female. Interviewer: Female. 503: Yes. Interviewer: I see. And uh uh I was wondering would you uh would you and your brothers and your father ever talk about a {D: boar or} around a woman when you were young or not? 503: Well. They usually use a {D: layolin} Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: They're kinda embarrassed a- #1 bout it then? # 503: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: Uh huh. Uh somebody said that uh somebody told me that that it wasn't polite to #1 talk about that # 503: #2 No, it it wasn't # and it was now by Georgia's rule Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. To everybody. # 503: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: How about the male of the cattle? uh Or a horse. 503: Huh? Interviewer: uh What would you call the male of the horse? What are those? 503: Stud. Interviewer: And uh of the cattle? Uh 503: Uh he was a bull. Interviewer: Bull huh? And but you wouldn't say that in front of a woman? 503: No no you wouldn't say that no. {NW} {NW} {D: oh} Stallion and male cows something like that. Interviewer: I see. Uh stallion was okay. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: But not stud, huh? I see. It's interesting isn't it how this changed? 503: That's right. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 You're right about that. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and uh What um Where'd you keep the cows to milk them? 503: {D: We'd keep} We kept them in the lot. And they go up to the shed and maybe if they were had one. A lot of folks didn't have one. Interviewer: Did you milk them outdoors? 503: Yes. Interviewer: You did. 503: Or other time. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh Where would they graze? 503: Oh we'd have pastures {D: be installed.} These are bound you know for pasture {D: farm.} Interviewer: Uh huh. Do you uh do you remember clearing that? Uh Clearing a pasture? 503: Well. Uh I remember my uncle after we moved on out {D: on our warm place} he had some cleared up like I want. We always {D: had the most in the} woods {D: down that weren't very poorly.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: And you just put a wide fence around the whole wood you know and just turn in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: And uh He had uh he had some lie on the ground chained up And uh He could uh cut big logs 'course there wasn't no sale for them at all back then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: I was just a little kid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: And um He'd uh he'd get them logs reduction on have a log roller. I don't know I don't get it. There's no telling how many negroes come white folks too. And just have a log bring the log roller and pile these logs up you know. 'Course state fire come in an burn 'em up. Interviewer: Burn 'em up. 503: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh huh # 503: That damn stumps stayed there until {D: we run it down.} {NW} Interviewer: No bulldozers. 503: No sir no no bulldozers then. Interviewer: How about uh did they uh where did you keep the mules? Did you have quite a few mules this uh 503: Kept them in the barn. Interviewer: uh huh and Did they have their own uh 503: Yes. #1 {D: Safe stables} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: That's what folks called them. Interviewer: And your chickens did you raise chickens? 503: Yeah. We had a hen house for them. 'Course they just got loose you know out in the yard anywhere'd they'd wanna go. Interviewer: What would you do if uh and old hen that had a brood of chickens? 503: Well they they always kinda take care of them you see they uh woman folks would have a place {D: and would} they have a little fence around it something like that for them. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And then uh put 'em in the coops too you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Have a little chicken coop made. Interviewer: Did they ever call it a brooding hen? Uh 503: Well. Interviewer: What was the old hen called? um 503: Well uh in my time uh just uh just a hen. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Some somebody told me uh they used to call it a brooding hen. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Does that uh sound familiar? 503: Well {D: I were hear that.} Interviewer: uh huh 503: I have heard it. Interviewer: I guess uh got a brood of chickens uh 503: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 they call it a brood- # -ing hen. and They uh {NW} The time that you fed the animals uh Was that chore time or was it night time or how did you? 503: We feed them. We feed them three times a day. Interviewer: Three times. 503: Yes. Every morning. mm-hmm Then in the night. Interviewer: uh huh Did you say that was chore time or how did you say? 503: No that that is time for us to eat you know and we just feed the mules right before we eat. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: They got the preference huh? 503: Yeah. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um Do you remember any wild hogs around? uh 503: Well. Uh There was a fella who went across the creek from us and uh he he was uh had wild hogs come up and out of the field once or twice. He had uh a big place down and he's got to turn them hogs out you know so once in a while they'd come up that home Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: just keep rolling around in the water you know getting all wet. Interviewer: Did they have a mark on them so that you know who they were? 503: No. You know they Interviewer: {X} 503: some of them mighta had some of them didn't. Interviewer: Do you remember when the uh fence law came in or no? uh 503: Yes sir. Yeah I remember a little something about it. Uh Before we had no {D: sad fence} law uh people were tryna uh you know just {X} and letting them graze but have this fence law come into hand where everybody had to put 'em up and um fix a fence for 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Keep 'em out of the road. Interviewer: What kind of fences did they make? uh 503: Wide fence. Interviewer: They did. Do you remember the old time fence? 503: Yes sir. I I remember seeing one then. Interviewer: uh huh 503: They uh they would split the rails I'd say about uh anywhere from ten to twelve feet long. And uh They were as big as my arm or bigger. And they would uh stack 'em up that way and then just keep on on and on and just keep wrapping the fence around them. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Do what they wanted to. Interviewer: I think you told me the other day that uh you had heard it called a worm fence. uh 503: Well uh I thought that maybe that was a worm fence you was talking about. Interviewer: uh huh 503: A rail fence that's what I've always called it. Interviewer: Uh huh And uh Then uh after the rails went out the uh wire came in? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh what kind of wire? Uh 503: Barbed wire. Interviewer: Was it 503: Barbed wire mostly. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 {X} # Yeah. And more wire then come in. Barbed wire they call it. Interviewer: Did you cut your own? uh Do you think you could tell me how you get the uh what you put in the ground to string the wire on? Uh 503: Posts. Posts. Yeah You'd uh you'd set your post and then you'd spread your wire. Brace your corner post about where you wanted to pull it from. If it's a long {X} 'course you had to put some pieces in there you know to to raise your post Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: if you want it to pull far. Interviewer: The wire probably weighed weighed quite a bit {X} 503: #1 Yeah it uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I I don't I don't really know what a coil of wire would weigh. Interviewer: And uh it really would stop the animals? 503: Oh yeah yes sir. Interviewer: And uh And while we're talking about fences I uh I was wondering did you ever have a smaller fence say around the yard or the garden? 503: I don't know that I ever had except a uh if you had a a what you call it {D: grow up 'bout just uh} {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear 503: {X} Interviewer: What do you call 'em a paling or uh 503: Hedge hedge fence. Interviewer: Hedge fence. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh 503: That that'll just grow up out of the ground you know some people are just keep 'em trimmed up you know and make a fence out of them that away. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh ya ever hear of a picket fence or a paling fence? 503: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: And uh I guess they they're short 503: Short pieces about uh about anywhere from three to four feet long of identical size according to how high you want it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: and uh They just uh put it in there between the wires in the bottom and top and just have a little slack between them. Interviewer: mm-hmm I would uh keep chickens out so they stay- 503: Yes sir. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: {X} Do you remember anything about uh sheep very much? Did they go 503: Well I I didn't have 'em. We we never raised no sheep. Uh I can't tell you very much about them. I've seen 'em. Interviewer: Did uh What do they call a female? uh They call a a male a buck I guess right? uh 503: Yeah I believe I believe that's a buck. And I I don't remember what they call a female. Interviewer: Somebody uh said it was called a ewe. 503: Might have been. Interviewer: Or a ewe. 503: Ewe I guess. Interviewer: Ewe huh? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. And uh Heard you had so much cotton and I suppose you didn't uh 503: That's that's right. Interviewer: You didn't need much wool. 503: That's right. Interviewer: Remember having any clothes made out of of out of wool? Or not uh 503: No I don't. I believe I do. Interviewer: mm-hmm Believe somebody told me that uh you never liked it because uh the cotton was smooth on your skin you #1 know? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: The other would uh #1 be itchy. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: um Talking about uh hogs. They uh Would you could you explain uh how how you went through uh uh killing the hogs? uh How how you'd do that? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: get out of it? 503: {X} Well. When you get ready to kill hogs you you go out there and fetch you two and two or three buckets of water. And the next thing is well if you wanted to keep 'em hot you'd put uh {D: damming} pool what you call a {D: damming} pool uh to hang 'em up on you know when you got them clean. and uh {X} {NW} and uh Then you take them in and uh Kill 'em in front of the smokehouse maybe uh do it right there. You could kill them in front of the smokehouse it's cut them up salt them down and have them in the smokehouse salting them down of course. Interviewer: How did you kill them? uh 503: Shoot them or knock them in the head once. Interviewer: mm-hmm Then uh What would you do with the water? uh You said you needed the pots of water? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And you'd uh 503: Well you'd take that water out then and put it in the {D: scalding bath} what we call the {D: scalding down} and then you'd put them hogs in that with that water and scald them you see and the hair would come off good. Interviewer: Oh I see. 503: Yeah. You'd have uh something for the floor to drag them out of that bath on and then clean 'em {D: in the house} you know and then hang 'em up. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh What do you call that hairs on the back stands up when you get mad? uh 503: Well. I don't know what you call it it's just hairs is all I know. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh did they ever call it # bristle? Or 503: Yeah or about bristles too. Interviewer: Uh huh. And how about those big teeth? that uh 503: {D: that is a lushies} Interviewer: {X} and While we're talking about this uh I wonder if if you'd explain the different kinds of meat that you get from a hog. What would you use? Uh 503: Well uh We would use the short and the ham we would use all of the hog uh except uh a lot of folks cooked giblets out of the guts you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: A lot of folks cooked ham but uh I never I never went for that much. {NW} Interviewer: Did uh did you ever use the entrails for uh sausage? 503: No. Interviewer: How would you keep the sausage? 503: Well uh I'd heard of them you'd uh you'd put the sausage then use that sausage. Interviewer: Hmm. 503: But uh I don't think I've ever done that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Somebody said they had a a sausage uh machine or maker or something and they they could ram the meat right into the 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: fill up} 503: {D: sausage sausage} mills. Interviewer: Mill? 503: Used to grind it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: I've got one at home now. Interviewer: Have you? 503: {X} {X} Interviewer: uh huh 503: And uh Interviewer: That's worth keeping. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh 503: Yeah you're right. Interviewer: Do your children have an interest in it? Uh 503: No. Interviewer: Do your children have an interest in uh 503: No so they they don't have a They've never raised no hogs now and uh I haven't in the last several years. Interviewer: Yeah. 503: {NW} and um The mill's just there. Interviewer: Hmm. 503: And They they don't {X} Interviewer: uh huh 503: {X} Interviewer: I see yeah. Saw too much of it. 503: Oh yeah. Course now anything that uh anybody's not used to you know? uh If people would Interviewer: I think that's right 503: try it for them Interviewer: Right. And uh Did you make anything out of the hog's head? uh 503: You could you could eat that head. And a lot of folks eat the brains. Interviewer: uh huh Ever hear of hog's head cheese? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Or souse #1 cheese? # 503: #2 I have # heard of them yeah you can make souse out of them too. Interviewer: uh huh But you never did. 503: No. No uh I never did. Interviewer: How about the uh organs? The uh lungs and the liver and 503: Well. #1 That's uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: The lungs now that that mighta been thrown away but the liver is is for good and some people like that I believe. Interviewer: mm-hmm I uh Somebody uh talked about liver and lights and I'm not sure what they what they mean. 503: Well. Th-they've got the two uh lights that th-they {X} Some people Interviewer: That's some part of the in- #1 side. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} You ever hear of haslet? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of uh the word haslet? There's supposed to be uh the lungs and the heart and the liver and everything in there. 503: I don't know uh Interviewer: It's called a haslet somebody said. {X} 503: Oh. Mighta been. Interviewer: uh huh uh As I travel around the country I I pick up these words 503: #1 Yeah I bet. # Interviewer: #2 so then that's # the reason I wanna ask you about it. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Some of them may not have been used here. 503: Ever. Interviewer: #1 Used in Georgia but not # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: not here And uh If a um So I wanted to ask you about sausage {D: gender.} Do you ever hear of blood sausage or liver sausage or? 503: I uh I don't think I have. uh You trim its meat get uh little fat in it and uh most of it's lean and you put it in a tub then that is what we used to do it Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh some old some woman there that {D: lived in in New Howe} would uh go ahead and put the salt and pepper to it you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And then we'd get in there with our hands you know work them good and uh get it mixed up together good. Interviewer: mm-hmm And when you crush it in the mill 503: Yeah. Well uh That that was go through the mill before we done that. Interviewer: #1 Oh? # 503: #2 And then # after you done that then were we'd flip the sacks. Interviewer: I see. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And so Salt it then? 503: You could salt it yes. Interviewer: uh huh 503: That that would be easy. Smoked sausage. Interviewer: uh huh Well that sounds good doesn't it? 503: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: And it had a long layer- what's that fat meat along the side? uh 503: {D: That's pig lard.} Interviewer: {D: Pig larding?} And and real fat 503: Yeah. Interviewer: below there. That'd be uh um could you yeah There's something that look like uh bacon or {D: streepaleen} or something like that? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Alright. That were coming from the 503: That's that comes from the {D: the villagey.} We call it the middlings of between the shoulders and the hands. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 503: That's what's called the middlings. Interviewer: All along the side. 503: Yes. Interviewer: And the tenderloins being the most 503: The tender the tenderloins are it's um aren't too bad. But they're on the inside and uh Interviewer: They're on the inside. 503: Yeah. They they are. A big kinda big around I lined them up to my wrist now and just rolled one end to the other. Interviewer: I see. And uh When a uh When a uh sow is gonna have s- have a litter what did you say uh I think the old sow's where 503: Have pigs 'fore long. Interviewer: #1 Have pigs? uh huh # 503: #2 {NW} Yes. # Interviewer: How about a cow? Uh 503: uh She was gonna have a calf. Interviewer: Ah you say she's gonna drop a calf? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Or uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Wonder how you say that. 503: Drop a calf or have a calf. Either way. Interviewer: Uh huh. And uh How about the dogs that you remember? Did you have any dogs around? 503: Oh yeah we we had some dogs all {D: all were all hounds or the like.} But uh I don't remember too much about them. uh I do know That dogs are mighty good in place. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm Did you have a little dog that made a lot of noise? uh Real nervous? uh 503: Well I I never did own one I don't think but I've seen a lot of people that did. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Did they call them feist? 503: Feist. Interviewer: And uh. And A dog that uh doesn't amount to very much uh what would you call him? All different 503: Uh I don't know uh I guess a bunch of different things {NW} Interviewer: Uh huh. And The uh Could you tell me how you used to call the different uh animals? Call the pigs call the cows? 503: Well Uh Well the hogs never did have no name you just say woo or something like that and uh they they would come. Interviewer: Woo 503: and uh Cows you'd say sook sook sook. 'Course they had names Interviewer: I see. 503: most of 'em especially the milk cows. and uh Interviewer: How'd you get the mules to uh come up uh to the barn? 503: You could have {D: farm} called them. Interviewer: #1 Whistle ah # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And uh Same with the horses? Uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh huh. How'd you call the chickens? 503: Chick chick chick chick. Interviewer: They know uh 503: Yes. {X} Interviewer: If uh when you took a calf away from a cow what was the noise they used to make? 503: Well they they used to haul a cow and get on up uh if it's take one away kinda young especially and if they if they weighed him he got pretty good size. He'd he'd haul maybe as one night a day. Interviewer: Would he? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Ah. 503: long as you get that mama. Interviewer: {NW} What were the uh when the cow hands her back? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: so and How about the uh horses when they were about ready to feed? What did you call that noise they make? Uh a sniffle noise. If they were ready to eat. 503: Well uh I don't know if {X} {X} Interviewer: Did you ever hear any Did you ever describe the noise they make as a as a knicker? #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yeah um they'd they'd they'd make it a whole lot # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: Now maybe I don't know what that is. uh I think 503: {NW: imitates horse knicker} Interviewer: I #1 see. # 503: #2 Something like that. # Interviewer: Kinda quiet uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh not uh uh loud. 503: Well some of them do. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 Some of some of 'em do. # Speaker Unclear: {X} Interviewer: Would mean that 503: Now we used to have a mule. That's when the second time she brayed {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 503: She'd throw her head up and holler. Bray. Interviewer: {D: See oh go 'head} 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: She uh she seemed to be able to 503: Yeah. Know just exactly what time it was. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's what uh Those are the things I really appreciate you telling me #1 be- # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: cause that's 503: {NW} Interviewer: something that uh most people don't know you know? 503: That's right. Interviewer: Understand. Do ya she had a built-in time clock huh? 503: Sir? Interviewer: Uh uh uh the old mule had a #1 built-in time clock # 503: #2 Yeah! Oh yeah. # Interviewer: right? 503: Yes sir. It's uh old um lot of them was hollow. And horses and knickers were not. Long about another time ago but uh This this particular mule five old years {X} Interviewer: How wonderful. Yeah. 503: {NW} Interviewer: Um. Did you uh did you ride a horse bareback when you were a boy? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: All right. How old were you when you got a saddle? 503: Well. I don't know if I ever did exactly. uh 'Course uh the hoard of them had a saddle and uh we we'd ride the horse back to as kids you know until we'd steal one of their saddles {X} {NW} Interviewer: I see. I um In a large family I don't suppose you could have saddles for every-. 503: No uh Interviewer: Everybody uh 503: {X} Interviewer: Uh huh. Did you um Did you have uh when you had a saddle uh what'd you call the things you held to in the horse's mouth? 503: The bits. The reins. Interviewer: The reins? 503: #1 Right. Reins. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh huh and uh By the way uh uh somebody showed me uh a lot of different kinds of bits uh mule bits 503: Yes. Interviewer: and uh one kind was it was like this except it had a weight in it and he said that you had an armory mule, that's what you had to use. #1 Is that right? # 503: #2 {NW} # Well you right about that. Interviewer: Um. Would you uh Did you ever use it on any of the animals? 503: No I never did use any of them I don't think except uh I might have used one draw bit a few times. Now last that was uh a bit before and then pull back and you could you pull it out and then go in. And uh Add add uh fragment rings on up to his mouth that a way. Interviewer: You got a patient man. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. I never saw one of those. 503: Well I I have I I've seen them um. Interviewer: I uh Would would that be for uh mean uh 503: Yes. Interviewer: mean horse? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. {X} You know those those things are uh they're lost now and 503: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 You right about that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: I haven't seen one like that in a long time. Now I know they used to make a big bit then oh it's as big around as my thumb I reckon. uh Even a horse knows uh gets sore on his mouth on his mouth and and they can't {X} Interviewer: I see so it wouldn't be so hard on a 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh huh. well this uh It's interesting the different kinds of 503: {NW} Interviewer: scenery. I uh This man had a whole collection of 'em and I uh I took pictures of them. But uh that draw bit's new and me I never 503: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 never heard that. # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um. How 'bout. the uh things that you put in your put your feet in? Did you have uh {X} Get up a horse in the saddle and then 503: Stirrups. Interviewer: Stirrups? 503: Stirrups yes. Interviewer: uh huh And in cold weather did you uh have anything in the stirrup to keep your feet warm? uh 503: Well. Some folks did and some folks didn't. It's just uh I've I've seen them People use them in the summer time. Just uh the stirrup covered over you know on the front end part of it. Have to keep your foot from going on too far in the stirrup. Interviewer: And just keep warm right? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever heat a stone or anything and put in or not? uh 503: Well uh I don't know that I ever did that on a Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: saddle. Uh I have {D: had bricken} put it in a buggy. Something like that. Going a long ways. Interviewer: And They uh you remember oxen at all? Um. 503: I remember a little something about them. Not very much. Interviewer: I wish you'd tell me but uh 503: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 503: Well. There's a They would probably used to {X} But anyway used to {X} And I think about wonder wonder if some of them some were teens at that time. Interviewer: Hmm. 503: And we of course had different drivers. And uh six and eight used caution you know Interviewer: That right? 503: one way. Interviewer: It musta been a powerful thing to see. 503: Yeah. Yeah it's day we were 45. Interviewer: And {NS} When you uh Would you tell me uh just to give somebody uh and idea who doesn't know anything about it uh how you'd used to get the horses ready and get them hooked up to the wagon? and {X} 503: Well. The first thing you do you'd go in the stables and put the bridles on them and then you'd bring them to the {D: geldroom} then and {D: tie 'em off and} break 'em and {X} hitch 'em up to the wagon or the plow which one you're going to. Interviewer: If you had a wagon uh Uh what did you call the thing that came up between the The horses uh 503: {D: tump} Interviewer: That's the {D: tump}? 503: Tump? Yeah. Interviewer: And with a buggy if you had just one horse uh 503: {D: The chay} Interviewer: {X} and uh if uh Do you remember anything called a singletree? 503: Yes sir. That's what you hook 'em to. Interviewer: And uh that's that's right before you get you get 'em hooked to the 503: Yeah that that's uh that's onto the wagon or the buggy you want. Treble tree I believe is what it's called on the buggy. It's a singletree on the wagon. And you back 'em up to it and and hitches up {X} into their tongue And then uh go back out there and hope they're straight. Interviewer: I see. I see. Uh If you had a singletree here and a singletree there then would you hook those two into something? 503: No. You would uh you'd have the two center trees on a doubletree and that's going to help pin down through their tongue in the middle of the doubletree. And they'd use #1 a single # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 503: tree to be on each end you see. Interviewer: I see. 503: And so you'd back both horses back up to the singletree and hope it {D: trays} easier. Interviewer: I see. 503: #1 And then you'd # Interviewer: #2 And then uh # the doubletree would be on the tongue like #1 this. # 503: #2 Yes. # Yes. Interviewer: I see. 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh huh. That's interesting. Um. And they uh When you had reins uh you were riding in a saddle but uh if you were on a buggy you'd #1 have # 503: #2 That's # That's right lines. Interviewer: Lines? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh um You say a team of uh you said a team of mules or a pair of mules? How did they used to talk about that? 503: Team or pair either one. Interviewer: Either one? 503: Yes. Interviewer: And uh How would you uh tell the mule to get going? 503: Sir? Interviewer: How would you tell the mule to to get going? 503: You'd have uh horse leather on Interviewer: Yeah? And then 503: {NW: Imitates noise} Interviewer: Oh And did you did you need anything to #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yeah uh oh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # People used to have a whip all the time {D: reckon} Interviewer: {X} Do they use that mostly for noise or did they actually uh 503: No they'd they'd hit 'em. Interviewer: They would? 503: 'Course they could keep sea grass on it you know to make it pop Interviewer: Uh huh 503: They there got along then. Was alright. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now let's That's another new one. I I didn't know that. The sea gr- sea grass 503: Uh what? Interviewer: Uh sea grass I didn't uh #1 know about that # 503: #2 Oh yes. # Oh yes. The sea grass Interviewer: Did you have a 503: It uh {D: plapped uh} {X} doing work you know? So when you work 'em you'd hit a mule with that and it would and it'd pop. Interviewer: I see. And probably the noise'd scare 'em #1 as much as any- # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: thing. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh The {NS} how would you keep the uh winding wheels from Sweden? uh uh 503: Well you'd have to keep 'em greased actually. Interviewer: It uh 503: Yes. Interviewer: That Did you ever hear anybody use a towel for that? Speaker Unclear: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody use a towel if they couldn't uh 503: Well I I think I've heard of it. Interviewer: Uh huh have you? 503: I never did uh I never did use in it. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 503: Now we used to always come to town everyday and so we greased our wagon every morning. Interviewer: You did? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. How would you get it on? um 503: Just take the tap off pull a wheel out smear it on there. {X} Interviewer: You'd have to pull a wheel off every- #1 day # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: huh? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh huh. Well that's It's uh not as uh easy easy as an automobile is it? 503: That's right. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah what a a nuisance to take four wheels off #1 everyday. # 503: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 You're right about that # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: Uh. 503: Well you just pull them out you don't want to take them on off. And uh Well you could get back up in there too. 'Course whenever it got hot you know uh it would run all over. Interviewer: Work in 503: Yeah. Interviewer: out. 503: Actually. Interviewer: uh huh The uh different kinds uh different parts of the wheel you start out at the hub I guess #1 Right? # 503: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: Be over the axle. 503: Yup. Interviewer: And then there's spokes 503: Spokes. And then The uh feather feather I think and a tire. Interviewer: I see. How do they get the tire uh to stay on? 503: Well. They uh they used to bolt them on. Interviewer: Oh they did. 503: Yes. Well through your feather and the tire. And then uh just wrap it. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: uh huh Remember your first automobile? 503: Yeah. Yeah. An old Ford. Interviewer: Was it? 503: {NW} Interviewer: Uh huh. What uh Could you tell me about it? What uh 503: Well it was a Ford and uh I won't have a flash one I'm afraid of that. {NW} {NW} So I got her some with the curtains on it. And uh I kept that a good long time. I don't know how many years it was running. And then I'd thought I'd swap it for a {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: But uh You though the uh curtains would be safer? 503: Yeah. I thought the curtains would be safer. Interviewer: And Speaker Unclear: {X} Interviewer: How uh Do you uh What did you have inside the I guess you put the the air you don't put the air in the tire itself you put it in a in a tube? Is that uh inside the #1 tire? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. You put that in the tube just like you do now. Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: And uh You put that tube in the tire and fill it up with air. Interviewer: I guess they weren't too good. When they first came out. 503: Well uh I I don't imagine it was. I don't remember all about how good it was. Interviewer: Well somebody told me that uh I think it was the tube that uh kept going down you know? #1 Well it could get messed # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: up thirty times in thirty miles. 503: {NW} Interviewer: Gathering snow. Uh how about the different roads that you remember? Uh. 503: Well. They used used to have a {X} And dirt roads together. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 503: And uh. You you didn't uh used to you didn't know what black top roads was. Now I have to do the work and plow 'em. All that black top {D: bad mouth} Interviewer: Did ya? 503: {X} {X} Hasn't been done. Well I was about uh seventeen eighteen I guess when I worked on the streets. Interviewer: Did you tell me that your uncle was overseer or #1 was it your grandfather? # 503: #2 No, it my daddy. # Interviewer: Oh your father? 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 He would al- # Interviewer: #2 So # 503: {D: The old overseer} {X} My uncle seen after the farm. Interviewer: The watch. 503: And uh. My daddy {X} Uncle John was just an old bachelor so he just stayed with us Interviewer: I see. 503: that whole time and uh we we were on that thing and just just go to him for it than our daddy for it. Interviewer: John? Part of the family. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh huh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh how would your uh How would that road work be handled? Would you tell me more about that? 503: Well. Interviewer: How would he get help? 503: He'd just well uh they'd just uh just get on a horse or a buggy one and ride around and if you uh as {D: Fooling} to wipe the road well they'd tell you be outside on a certain morning. Tomorrow morning or the day after tomorrow. They'd usually give them I think about three days. I think {X} And uh. You had to be twenty-one before you'd be allowed to work the road. And uh. And them days they had just like I tell ya the other day they had uh steel drag with handles on 'em. And uh. {X} from each side of it after the {X} They'd clean the ditches out that way. Interviewer: I see. uh huh 503: And uh. Then it wasn't too long then 'til {D: When raiders come in.} And you just had to wait on that you see and four wheels and uh two big wheels you'd have then and four men to work 'em. To put it in the ground and take it out. And uh it'd take Interviewer: Go up and down like #1 this? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Um. 503: It'd take about six mules to pull that you see. Interviewer: That big? 503: Oh yeah. That's that's You got on back then where I sat now. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: Uh did the {D: dwight} um Was the dwight straight across? 503: No that Interviewer: Or was he 503: you you could you could till the days away Interviewer: I see uh. 503: you yeah. Interviewer: You're down in #1 this # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: way. Did um If it uh if this was the road going this way and the blade went this way 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh then you'd go up and down like this? 503: That's right. I'll uh used uh it just keep it kinda level as far as you could as as much as you could and uh got this this low end pull it out into the rood you see. And then they they could uh they could change the spot then and uh just kinda flatten it out in all the roads you see. Interviewer: I see. Um. Uh if it was if the blade went like this did they ever say that was {D: anagoddling?} 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that right? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh. Which meant it was on a good angle? 503: That's right. That #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. # 503: That's right. Interviewer: I see. And uh. Did uh Did you ever did ya have any kind of uh way of keeping the dust down on the road? 503: No sir. No. Dust. You'd get dust {D: Everywhere.} Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: Dust it'll miss you. {NW} Interviewer: You know uh why I wouldn't like that. 503: No. No there be only one way to keep dust down and that is rain. Interviewer: mm-hmm. And uh. Did you use um Did old time cotters did they burn a lot of oil? Or. Or uh. 503: Well. I I don't I don't remember. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you get the oil from and the gas from the same place? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh huh 503: Most of the time. Interviewer: I remember uh those old gas pumps with the uh glass. 503: Yeah. Speaker Unclear: {X} Interviewer: Yes um #1 I remember the # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Glass. I guess they siphoned it off. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} And if you had a little road say from your house to a neighbor uh it wasn't a public road. Would you that a a lane? or uh 503: Just a by road. Interviewer: Just a by road? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. And you have to take care of that yourself. 503: Oh yeah. Oh yeah. {NW} Interviewer: What what'd you do if you got stuck in the mud? Did someone pull 503: Well. {NW} Interviewer: Uh would you 503: Get a team. Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh. 503: I got stuck a million times when we were at my place down there. Go to the house and harness up a team and come and pull me out that night. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: You use the kids to get out? 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh do you have a 503: {X} The last few years uh almost time to get it gravel {X} My wife was sick. She thinks a little bit sick six years. But uh I got I paid for graveling the first time. And the counters they've been keeping it up ever since. Up until I reckon this year. Uh. The counters I spoke to {NW} {X} Over my ditches now. Interviewer: I see. They uh they uh did they you live off a kinda lane? Is that 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh. 503: Yes. Interviewer: About how far is that? Uh 503: Oh it's {X} Interviewer: Oh is that right? 503: Uh yeah. Interviewer: Takes a lot of gravel. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: mm-hmm. So you you had to pay for it yourself? 503: Yeah. Had had to pay for it the first time I know. Interviewer: Uh. The old days if uh somebody tried to do some {X} do some work around the the barn or the house and it wasn't very good. He wasn't trained for it. He wasn't a real carpenter. What would you call him? Say well he's a 503: {D: Jack-leg} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 He's a Jack-leg carpenter? # Uh huh. Um. I meant uh just to know what he was. 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh huh. Did you ever hear the uh would you ever call say a preacher or a lawyer a jack-leg uh preacher? 503: Yeah. I have heard them called that. Now I might have myself {NW} Interviewer: What uh Would that mean that they uh they just didn't have much training? 503: That's right. Interviewer: Ah. {X} Good. 503: I just count the lawyers one of them. {X} Interviewer: Hmm. 503: {NW} Interviewer: And the lawyer wouldn't be dishonest he just #1 would be uh # 503: #2 That's right. # That's right. Interviewer: wouldn't be very good. Uh huh. 503: I don't know know that we'd have very much {X} to do with lawyers. Interviewer: They uh You worked around the farm and you put a piece of uh a log in something that looked like this. What did you call this thing now? That ya put a log in in the thing to hold it up just so you could saw it? Uh. 503: So do what? Interviewer: So you could saw it? 503: Well that was a rack. Interviewer: That's a rack? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: Yeah that uh you make racks. And uh. We uh. Wood up in there you see and saw it. That that is a rack. Interviewer: {X} 503: Hold rack. Interviewer: Hold it tight 503: Yes. Interviewer: so you could uh 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. And uh If you had something that looked like an A frame so that two of them so you could uh put a plank across uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: would that be a a rack or a horse? Or 503: Well I guess it would. Be a horse I guess. Interviewer: And uh How did you used to uh how'd you use to shave when you first started shaving? Uh 503: {NW} Well you put the lather on your face and warm water Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: Take a rag. Dab it. Wash it a little bit. Put some more lather on it and start shaving. Interviewer: Uh huh. And do you work it in with your hands? Or 503: Yeah. Well a brush mostly. Interviewer: I see. Uh huh. How'd you keep your razor sharp? 503: Well. {X} time I grown up uh they had those little blade edges you know. {X} razors and you had a brush. I mean um {D: shrap} Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: and you'd sharpen it on that. Interviewer: Whether uh whether thing you just keep 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh huh. How 'bout uh knives in the kitchen? How would you keep them sharp? 503: Well. Most of the time they had a little rock to buy you know and wash the stick up in the kitchen and what you call a Myers Sharpener. Interviewer: Where could that 503: {X} Interviewer: How about an uh an axe? How would you get that? 503: Well you had a a grind stone uh and a wand put that on that. Interviewer: They uh Now the rock in the kitchen would that be uh uh wet rock? 503: Well I don't know whether you'd call it a wet rock or not but anyway there's two little rocks that are made close together {X} stuck out that a way you know and so you put it in there. You just just a little flat thing you could lay on the Interviewer: I see. 503: tack on the wall somewhere. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Um. And {NW} They uh Did you have something that had two handles and a wheel that you could push around? Uh 503: Wheel barrow. Interviewer: Wheel barrow? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Oh. 503: {NW} Interviewer: And {NW} The reason I ask about that is uh in Georgia they call it a Georgie Georgie Buggy. 503: Do they? Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: {NW} Uh we always called it a wheel barrow. Interviewer: Wheel barrow. Uh huh. And what would you uh what would you uh put in a revolver? How would you load up a revolver? 503: Well. You could 'un-bridge it. And uh take the bullets out and stick them in there. Interviewer: Uh huh. Did you uh did you have a revolver most of the time or did ya have shot guns? Or what kinda guns? 503: Well. I never did have neither one {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm. 503: Um. I bought my boy a rifle after he got of some size and uh this rifle {X} Interviewer: You didn't care much for guns. 503: No. Interviewer: Oh. 503: No I didn't ever care much for guns. Interviewer: And so {NW} How did you get a talking about fences uh how would you drive a stake in the ground? What would you use? 503: Well. You could uh you could use a sludge hammer {C: I know he's talking about a sledge hammer but he pronounces it "Sludge" so I'm going to leave it like that.} and where the ground was soft and uh sharpen it a little bit. I bet you could uh take a post over and dig that hole. Interviewer: Oh. 503: And that's the way most of us done. Interviewer: Oh I see. Rather than driving it in 503: Yes. Interviewer: you just uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: dig it out. Um. And uh 503: {X} Interviewer: I see. You uh ever make uh a mallet? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Did ya? Uh huh. 503: Yeah. I been stripping posts and make them bluff. That's what we'd call it. And then uh a mole is what we call that. Interviewer: A mole. 503: Mole. And uh. {X} {C: Mole or maul?} To hit that wooden piece with. Instead of using a sludge hammer. Interviewer: I see. Uh. And the maul would be made out of wood 503: Oh yeah. Yes. Interviewer: I see. Um. Would you tell me about uh how you get uh land ready to to clear? Uh say you've used to clear something {X} and uh. Oh. How would you uh I guess most people want a clear bottom. Is that right? Uh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 503: Well you went in and cut the undergrowth and piled it up and maybe burn it. Uh. And uh. Then you'd as I told you a while ago then you'd go back in there and saw them trees down saw 'em up into the length of the stuff you wanted to {X} and just keep them log roller. {X} {X} The people come in there for that log roller you know? Interviewer: That that was kind of a you wouldn't hire another 503: Oh no. They'd they'd just uh flock in there. Interviewer: I see. 503: Which one is the best man I reckon. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Ah. Interviewer: {X} 503: {X} Interviewer: Well there's another new one I I've never heard. #1 {X} # 503: #2 {D: Glad to have you.} # Interviewer: uh-huh It's uh it was about this big #1 right? And you # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: just throw it up and 503: Yeah well that's a swamp hook. {D: I would expect of course you to talk about it} but uh this uh this c- can hook is turn it {D: But that that was a swamp hook I #1 {D: might have used.} # Interviewer: #2 Swamp hook. # 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 503: That was a that was just a long piece of rod {D: and crooked} and uh just hook it over a log and {X} pull on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: {D: Now that ain't useful on it.} Interviewer: Uh you have uh uh I guess uh as kids they used to see how much strength they had and how far they could throw it and. {NW} {X} Uh how would you get uh if the bottom had uh wet s- wet places or water standing how would you get the water out uh? 503: Well you'd just have to wait 'til it dries out {D: if the water's high.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. You didn't try to to uh run it off #1 {X} # 503: #2 No. # Not not too much of it. Interviewer: And uh did you ever swamp? could you use any swamp or uh 503: Oh yeah well we had uh couldn't {X} swamp all the way around home but uh That and {X} wasn't nothing but a {D: bottom} you know and so water'd get all over the field down here sometimes. And uh you just had to wait 'til that water had gone down. Interviewer: I see. 503: Course they had put a canal {D: coulda done that} but then uh wasn't all land when they rode up you know so it's water was backed up on on his base anyway. Interviewer: Oh I see. Now is the water come right if you had a canal to take the water on but it was also letting the water back in oh yeah I see uh. {X} What kind of uh different sorts of land do you have uh uh what kind of land did you did you grow what was the best land uh? 503: well the {X} it wasn't called a black land is the best. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Now red hill ground is hard to beat too. And um white rabbit ground there's not much to it. Interviewer: But um somebody t- told me about buckshot land. 503: Buckshot? Well that's that's gravel. Interviewer: Is that uh Is that a white? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: #1 Uh that is buckshot. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: White gravel. Interviewer: What's uh do you have gumbo around here? 503: Well we don't have much of it around here that's true down in the bottom I think. Down up an old river. Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh if I understand gumbo is is good land but 503: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # it's hard to see somebody told me that uh you you've gotta be gotta {X} down and and work it. 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh that it's wet. 503: That that's what you that's what you say uh you take some {X} better get in there tomorrow. Interviewer: Uh-huh {X} gets too 503: #1 Yeah that's right. Get # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: too hard. Interviewer: And did you ever hear of loam? 503: Loam? Interviewer: Uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Now is that buckshot land or uh? 503: Well I I don't know. Loan you see that that's not like uh loaning and buying money or anything like Interviewer: #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # You know I I think they say uh loamy land like buckshotty land. 503: {X} I've never heard of that. Interviewer: I'm not sure exactly what it means but uh I've heard it. #1 now do they say # 503: #2 I don't # I don't think I know what that means um. Interviewer: And uh do you uh will you tell me how you break land uh uh what kind of plow you use and uh. 503: Well you use a you used to use a two horse plow, one horse plow. And uh just uh you cut your oar down or shove 'em down with a plow. and um it was {D: long time four inch disk but r- I reined 'em} when I was growing up. But {NW} in a way you go out and uh on a roll and shimmy down there with a one horse plow. and kinda get it on a level and I'll tell you a one horse plow then a two horse plow they didn't uh break it just all the way around. Interviewer: I see. If you had a two horse uh plow uh what did you call the horse on the left? Did you have a name for him uh? 503: Oh yeah we we had uh names for all of 'em as far as that's #1 concerned. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # but I mean would he be the lead horse or uh? 503: Yeah yeah. {D: I think I'd repeat it to him.} Interviewer: On on the left? And then 503: You'd tell him tell him {D: yee in his} he'd push the other in his #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I see {D: in a way} he was the boss. # 503: Yeah I think. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh after you uh uh you take the the plow uh how deep would you dig uh? 503: Well about six inches. Interviewer: Six inches. And just turn it to? 503: Yeah. {D: just turn it to.} Interviewer: Uh and how would you then 503: Well you could uh hag or or take a drag and drag it. And then uh you're probably just making middle busters. Where you put two mules to it and uh take 'em all the time and see it to spread it out. You could get her all the time by the way. Interviewer: Oh I see and um middle buster then would not go as far down? 503: No. It wouldn't go d- wouldn't go down as well you could put put it as deep as as six inches if you wanted to. Interviewer: Mm. 503: But uh it'd go down uh it well well there's one that was middle of them that just build it out there you see and you come back on the other side and make the row. Interviewer: I see. 503: And then um when you'd got it planted come back out then with a scraper and scrape on one side then you go back up to the other end on the other side {NW} walk it. Interviewer: I see. 503: And uh the choppers then'd come on behind you. Interviewer: Mm. 503: And then uh you take a shovel down after it crashed out little bit and shelled it on roads. {D: Had rows the time.} Interviewer: Uh the scraper would uh get rid of the weeds is #1 that? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And the choppers what would they do? 503: Yeah they chop the cotton. Interviewer: Chop the? 503: Grass and weeds out of the cotton that leaves with sound cotton. Interviewer: Oh in between? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh I see. Um. And it was all by by hand? 503: #1 Yeah that's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: Yeah you right about that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. 503: Now there's uh this day and time there's not much chopping going on. Interviewer: It's all machinery 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The um but the middle buster then uh I'm not sure I get that straight. Middle buster would make it a uh? 503: A row. Interviewer: A row. Uh-huh. Would you ever call it would that be a furrow then or? 503: Well it it would be a furrow in that in the middle there where it where it went you know if you had laid that dirt out. Interviewer: I see. 503: And then you'd come back on the other side then well it would row it up. Interviewer: I see and cover it over 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you uh planted grass and you cut it uh once what would you call the next crop uh? 503: {D: You call that.} Interviewer: Yeah if you would uh plant some grass um and uh then you'd cut it early in spring #1 how? # 503: #2 That # that'd be the second cutting for it. Interviewer: And uh when about when would that come uh? 503: Probably it'd come uh so once out here cut it the first time but {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh well you know when you get two three crops. 503: Yeah. {D: Well somebody would say pick t- two} {D: cr- uh two crops.} Interviewer: And uh you could uh could you count on that pretty much uh? 503: Well I oh did. To haunt anything Interviewer: Mm. The uh you mentioned uh scraping the cotton what kind of uh weeds did you did you have to gr- {D: grow up} with? 503: Well just uh Interviewer: #1 The same things? # 503: #2 {X} # wood and grass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh the same thing that you get now 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh do you think that cockleburs are worse now than they used to be or not? 503: Well. I have been too far in the woods and for several years but uh they they say it's pretty bad. Interviewer: Somebody uh told me that that the uh these machines that clean beans 503: Yeah. Interviewer: go along and plant #1 cockleburs. # 503: #2 Yeah. # {D: Planting silk} {D: Right.} Interviewer: {X} I guess you kind of uh. 503: Yeah uh these uh combines you see uh it uh saves your beans The- they get a lot of cockleburs in them too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: And uh it's it's rather hard labor to get 'em all out. Interviewer: Mm. Well you you seem to think the machine is gone along and planted #1 cockleburs. # 503: #2 Yeah I # imagine I imagine so. {NW} Interviewer: Um. 503: {NW} Interviewer: When you uh when you take some uh corn in to have it ground how much would you take in uh? 503: well you could go whether you wanted uh {D: had more than a quarter} you want. If uh you wanted to make cornbread well one minute folks carried over half bush- a bushel. Interviewer: Yeah. 503: Carry it to the mill and have a pound of corn you know that it take out little uh {D: tool you know.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah. 503: {X} Interviewer: How much is a turn? How much uh how much corn would be a turn of corn? 503: Turn of corn? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Uh I think a thousand pounds. I mean two thousand pounds. Interviewer: Two tons. 503: Two tons. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 No that's # thousand pounds. Interviewer: Oh s- 503: Thousand pounds that's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh and uh after how would you buy uh wheat flour how would you how would you buy that? 503: Well they used to buy it in the bag. Interviewer: Mm. 503: But uh they got so mad about five pounds. {NW} Interviewer: Uh before they uh when you went to the store before they had it packaged {X} like they have now uh you could get five pounds and you'd just get it out of the barrel is that uh? 503: No uh {D: well there's a lot I know about that} I know uh I know what number the five pound gotta weigh I don't think. twenty-five pound bag I would guess is the least allegory. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: even now. But my I think I'm I'm certain now that {X} the five pounds {D: goes scoops that in a} little bag. Interviewer: Mm. 503: And I I reckon they've uh they put it in little bags all the time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: Uh I reckon I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh how did molasses come how could you buy molasses? 503: Well that's uh that's a thing a fella can grow too. A farmer can grow that. Interviewer: Mm. 503: And they did grow it on a farm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: But the uh the farmer raid it and stretch it and uh hauled it to the mill and here the mill so was able to make it up you know so they'd put it in kegs and barrels and jugs or whatever they have and carry it on home. Interviewer: I see. Um um you'd uh let's see to make molasses you'd have to to uh press out the? 503: Yeah. Yeah you'd that's run through a sorghum mill. Interviewer: What would you call um? 503: And it's got two big uh wheels on it and uh they press it together. And uh that's used to draw it on out to the pan and then they cook it. Interviewer: Mm. Um what would the uh is this uh would it be on a flat pan or? 503: Oh yeah cook it yeah. Interviewer: And uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: and just boil it #1 down? # 503: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 that's right. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: What you call a sorghum pan. Interviewer: I see. Um what uh they'd they'd have a have a boiler or {D: fire} would they or? 503: They had a had a pit made under that pan to keep it filled up with wood and now I imagine some of 'em now cook spaghetti maybe. Interviewer: Oh I see. How would they draw out the smoke uh? 503: They'd have a {X} on the end of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: About as high as that door maybe not #1 {D: quite as high.} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Interesting.} # I see. So the none of the smoke or anything get #1 {X} # 503: #2 Oh no. # Interviewer: #1 through the uh # 503: #2 Oh no. # Interviewer: {D: molasses.} And uh did you ever see did you ever did they make make barrels around here uh? 503: No sir. I don't think they made any around here. I don't know where they made {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I was wondering uh if had the staves and they had wrap uh. 503: I don't know. I don't know where they made any. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How did you uh if you bought a uh had some molasses either uh bought it or you made it uh how would you keep it on the table? 503: Well I have uh have what you call a lasses molasses pitcher. Interviewer: I see. Uh do you remember as a boy would you always have that on the table? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: You would? 503: I've got it on there right now yeah. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh you use it uh for what? Uh. 503: Just to eat with pudding biscuit and cornbread or {X} either way you want. Interviewer: I see uh. 503: Uh majority of the people now they gets their their sorghum from Benton county up there it's it's it's better sorghum that they make some real good sorghum up #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 503: And then they end up not too many folks raise it around here now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I guess molasses is is good for you s- #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yeah it sure I've # I'll be eating #1 all my life. # Interviewer: #2 Good for your b- # good for your blood uh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} um How would you uh do you have pepper sauce on the table? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Yeah you put some uh {D: I can't add call it vinegar now} {X} they would go together and um {D: you'll have a} bowl or something Interviewer: Mm. 503: That's called pepper sauce. Interviewer: {D: Sauce.} Do you uh plug the bottle with a cork #1 or uh? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: And the cork was the cork hard to to get? 503: Well uh I don't know about that now uh I just use regular at home all the time and now what's it called uh good ol' uh regular something to put in you know. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 503: #2 Uh. # And uh it's got a glass outfit to it. Interviewer: Oh I 503: Up down it. Interviewer: uh-huh kinda stoppled? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And you mentioned uh the paper bags uh for flour now uh do you remember how they used to to uh uh what kind of bags did they used to have way back? #1 {X} # 503: #2 Well # the biggest I ever remember about is uh fifty pound sacks. Interviewer: What would they be made out of? 503: They'll be made out of cloth. Interviewer: And what {X} uh is that a tow sack? 503: No and uh that was just a regular flour sack they called it and uh it was made out of cloth. Interviewer: Mm. 503: Some kinda cloth I don't know what kinda. Interviewer: What do what do uh people mean when they talk about a tow sack or crocker sack? 503: well that's uh that's where you all it is is a potatoes things such as that comes in you know. Interviewer: Is that a 503: Tow sack I w- uh yeah. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: That's uh that's right. Interviewer: I see be cheaper than 503: Yeah. Interviewer: regular cloth. 503: Yeah you know uh. Interviewer: I see. Did you have paper sacks when you were a boy uh? 503: {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever have any paper sacks or #1 paper s- # 503: #2 Yes sir. # Yes sir. Interviewer: They didn't always have 'em. 503: Yeah uh-huh. Interviewer: And so you mentioned uh the creek that uh let's see here grandparents lived on the other side of the creek right? Um what uh uh what's the small or what's something smaller than a creek uh? #1 Uh. # 503: #2 {X} # branch. Interviewer: Branch is smaller than #1 that uh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh-huh you have anything that you'd call a pond a bayou bayou around here? 503: No. No. Interviewer: Guess that's a little closer to the river. Yeah. And uh suppose the uh rain washes a place out of the bank uh what's that what do you call that thing uh? 503: Well that's just a washout. {D: Right.} Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh you've got some hills around here but you guess you don't really have any uh anything you'd call a mountain right? 503: No we uh don't no have no mountains nope. {D: Here and now.} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # They uh they gotta working in Mississippi there's a place there's a town there called Blue Mountain. 503: Is it? Interviewer: And I can't find the mountain I just. 503: {NW} I r- I know about that town I've heard about it and I read about it too. Interviewer: Uh it's uh it's pretty flat down #1 there. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Su- I'd suppose it's just a little kind of a hill one they one they called a mountain. And uh would you tell me about the trees that you remember uh uh trees that you had mostly around here uh what kind of trees would you find in 503: Well Interviewer: the woods? 503: all of 'em. Oak and elm. There's two mighty good wood. Interviewer: Mm. 503: For wood. And uh there's not very much popular now there used to be. And that used to make mighty good stove wood better for cooking. Aux 1: Pokers you see. Interviewer: Mm. 503: There's not too much wood burnt now this day and #1 time. # Interviewer: #2 Oh # most it's too hard to come by. 503: Yeah it is. {NW} Interviewer: Uh did you ever have um um buttonball or sycamore or tree uh? 503: Now what kind? Interviewer: Uh did you ever hear of a buttonball or buttonwood tree? Some people it may be the same thing as a sycamore uh but you you have those uh. 503: I don't know that I've ever heard of that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh I've seen some magnolias around #1 here uh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: let me ask you did you ever hear folks call that a cucumber tree? 503: I've heard of that. Interviewer: Is that right? 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh. 503: But I I don't know. I've never seen one but I know of it. Interviewer: Do you think it's the same as a magnolia uh or uh? 503: I don't know. Aux 1: {D: I can't continue translating.} Interviewer: It's an interesting uh word uh 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 for a # cucumber tree. Uh what do you have that's poisonous uh make your skin break out #1 uh? # 503: #2 Poison oak. # Interviewer: Poison oak uh ever have anything that a bush that turns red in the fall uh? Uh. 503: That's called a red bush I think. Interviewer: Red bush uh-huh. 503: {D: That'd be red bush here.} Interviewer: Same as a shoemake uh? 503: I don't know about that. Interviewer: Um and do you know of anything that uh will poison cows if they eat uh if they eat it? 503: No. I don't only uh This {X} you put on {X} #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 503: that'll kill 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh did you ever hear of uh mountain laurel? Laurel uh? 503: Never did. Interviewer: The uh somebody said that if a cow eats eats that uh well either she'll get sick or she'll die it's uh supposed to be poisonous uh. 503: Now this uh historian if you get now put it on the crops will will kill. Interviewer: Oh it will? Oh. 503: Now my brother a long time ago {D: hell} he killed the last milk cow he had and he was {X} Interviewer: Oh I'm sorry. 503: He thought he was giving her salt at the time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: It it killed her right down dead. Interviewer: How about different bugs that uh sting you? Uh. 503: Different bugs that sting you? Interviewer: Yes sir uh. the kind that uh you might be {X} big out #1 {D: side?} # 503: #2 {D: Bum-} # {D: Bumblebee might bite or sting.} {NW} Uh a horsefly might sting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Horsefly. Interviewer: How about uh do you know of any that build their nests in the ground? 503: Yeah. {X} That's a #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Uh how about the ones that build their nests up uh kind of a paper nest hands down? {X} Pick up the 503: Uh I forget now what kind of bee that's called. But that that's a bee all right. Interviewer: Uh have those around here? 503: Yeah uh but just a few of 'em. Interviewer: And how about the uh things that uh build nests out of uh dirt? 503: Well I've got uh I've got a few of them birds. That's that's what that is. It's it's it's. My home now that has a barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: And uh I don't know what they're called. And I never did uh never did know about 'em 'til a few years ago. Interviewer: Mm. 503: {X} uh I know some of 'em up on the doors but it {D: strapped her mud or pane on} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: red stuff hold it together. Interviewer: Uh are the- are they supposed to be uh poisonous? Will they give you a? 503: I don't know I d- I don't {D: regularly have 'em.} Interviewer: But uh but you haven't seen it until just the last few years #1 is that right? # 503: #2 No. # Uh there was even uh for the last few years. Interviewer: And how about they uh uh little bugs that sh- you get in the summer and maybe itch but they don't really hurt? Uh what'd you used to call them? buzz around in the summer and sting you #1 {X} # 503: #2 Skeeters. # Mosquitoes. Interviewer: Skeeters? 503: #1 Skeeters # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: uh yeah. Interviewer: And uh the ones that uh get under your skin if you walk through uh? 503: That's chiggers. Interviewer: #1 That's chiggers? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh it's chiggers that can make you pretty sick uh? 503: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} {NW} And the green things that jump uh in your garden? 503: {D: I don't know.} Interviewer: the uh some people call 'em grasshopper 503: #1 Grasshopper? Grasshoppers # Interviewer: #2 Grasshopper. # 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Did anybody ever call 'em hopper grass? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 503: #2 Uh-huh. # Call it that too. Interviewer: Hopper grass huh. And uh in the in the morning you might see a a spider {D: spreading} some kinda web in the garden. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that a dew web or a spider web #1 or what? # 503: #2 It's s- # spiderwebs. Interviewer: Spiderweb. If you see one in the house what do you call that uh? 503: Spiderwebs. Interviewer: Spiderweb too. And the barn if it gets dusty and uh? 503: Called a spiderweb too. Interviewer: And the uh {NW} bugs that fly around uh your light in the summer? 503: That's um That's called some kinda fly I don't know around what kind it is They've got a name for 'em. Interviewer: Is that the same thing that uh eats your clothes? Right? Supposed to get in wool and I think eat the 503: I don't know. Interviewer: wool. I've heard different names uh can- candle #1 fly. # 503: #2 Candle # fly that's that's what I was trying to think of. Interviewer: Right uh uh-huh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And the other ones uh are those uh do you call those moths? That get in your clothes you know #1 and you have to. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Moths. Interviewer: Is that right? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: How about the bugs that fly around and flash on and off the light uh? 503: That's a lightning bug. Interviewer: {X} And the ones that uh go over water and hover go like this and shoot over #1 here. # 503: #2 That's # uh that's a snake doctor we always called that. {NW} Interviewer: I see. 503: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: All right. 503: I reckon we're gonna get back to town uh I'm supposed to be back home five oh clock anyway and I got a little walk around town. Interviewer: All right sir all right. Wonder could I ask you just a few questions about birds before we leave #1 or? # 503: #2 Well # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 I don't know much # about birds now. Interviewer: {X} I was just wondering about the owls uh that you remember uh as a boy. 503: Well what's called a {D: woo owl.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: They were uh {D: could} be something {X} wasn't too large bout the size of good sized cat. Interviewer: Mm. 503: I'd say. And uh they'd uh get around trees somewhere and {NW} #1 they'd say. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I see uh and uh the the wood the uh birds that peck into the wood? 503: Pecker wood what we always called 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And different uh did you have different kinds of squirrel here uh? 503: Well you don't don't don't have too much different types types of squirrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The uh. 503: There's uh gray and a fox Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh did you have um something that looks like a squirrel runs on the ground uh? 503: That's a ground squirrel. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Ground squirrel. # They they're around here #1 right? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh things that get after your chickens? Uh. 503: That's uh that's um {NW} fox. Interviewer: Uh I see. 503: Fox would get #1 after. # Interviewer: #2 You ever # hear of anything that looks like a fox he's but he's black and white and he smells pretty bad if you'd scare him? 503: Well I I don't think I have a {D: necessary} that's a skunk I think you're talking about. Now #1 {D: the only one} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: that I've ever seen there were one or two {X} down here on this side of home (X) {X} {X} {NW} Interviewer: I guess if you ever get it in your clothes you can't #1 {X} # 503: #2 Oh boy no sir. # Interviewer: Did uh folks ever call a foxes uh varmints is that uh? 503: Yeah. Yeah I think so. Interviewer: Weasels and uh uh. 503: Well kinda I'm not very know very much about the weasels. Interviewer: That's common. Does anything that's a nuisance you might call a? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh varmint is that? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh you remember different kinds of fr- of frogs uh the uh the big ones? 503: Well there's bullfrog and uh don't know what kind the others are called. Tree frog. Interviewer: Tree frog? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And the ones in your garden are little little things. 503: Yeah. {D: I I don't know.} Interviewer: To- toad frog is that? 503: Toad frog Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And turtles how about uh {x} turtles um? 503: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Somebody s- # 503: #2 Terrapins. # Interviewer: Terrapin. 503: Terrapins. Interviewer: Can you eat a terrapin or do you have #1 {X} # 503: #2 I don't know. # {D: A t- curl uh} turtle and a terrapin I reckon it's the same thing uh Interviewer: #1 About the same thing? # 503: #2 now a lot of # times he stretches he catches that wild uh creature or an animal or something like that. Interviewer: Oh um Mr.Gibbs would you like to use the bathroom uh? 503: #1 Yes that would be good. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # All right go on in here. 503: {D: The bathroom?} You've got a nice place fixed up here. Interviewer: It's a nice place all right uh. Well you were telling me a lot of things that I haven't heard and uh I'd like to have a chance to talk to you again if I could uh. 503: Well. Interviewer: Like to ask you about the things you used to eat when you were born and uh 503: #1 Well {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Something #1 about. # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: oh that's fine. 503: {X} {NS} They {NS} used to be {NS} built you know a logs. Hew 'em out. Interviewer: Oh did you? {NS} 503: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Yeah? {NS} uh Would you tell me how you did that? {NS} 503: Well I don't know. Interviewer: What you kept in the buildings after you {NS} 503: Oh these logs was cut the length of one of the rooms. and uh They'd hew 'em out with a hew ax. and uh Big long blade with a handle in it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And they'd hew 'em out and then they'd build a house then and put a sticks and mortar between the logs. Fill it up you know? Interviewer: I see. Keep the wind out huh? 503: Yeah. And then you could weather board over it uh anything you wanted to. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: And I got a house down at home now. It's got two log rooms and another one up up above it there little piece. Interviewer: I see. 503: There was more build onto it. but uh Do you have some gum? Interviewer: Think so. Doing fine OK. {NS} Thanks. 503: uh And these uh these rafters was made out of um poplar. And the logs too. There was in them days they'd plant a poplar you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh These rafters made out a limbs you know? uh That is uh saplings. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh They had the lathe cut I reckon. They seem like they got a good lathe on them. Interviewer: mm-hmm and they uh The logs were mostly out of poplar then? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: They they were some good timber that you had them days. Couldn't get nothing for it. Interviewer: mm-hmm What um {NW} do you is that is that the kinda house where you grew up? uh 503: No. This is my wife's mother's house. Grandmother Elle. Interviewer: I see. 503: and uh {NS} This this place here where I {X} now was where she was bred born and raised. Interviewer: Oh I see. 503: I lived across the creek close to the bottom from there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 So you knew your wife # most of your life then? 503: Yeah well for a long time yes sir. and uh She was raised there and so at the place there was three hundred acres I think in that place. Well after the old woman died uh it had to be divided up. So there's several {X} then come in. and uh My wife's mother got the home place with sixty eight eight tenths acres I believe it was. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and so We lived across the creek over in my home town for about five or six years and we moved over then to four twenty and been there ever since. Interviewer: Ever since huh? 503: Well I did move to town one time. I was supposed to work at a gin and I got fired and Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 503: #2 {NW} # I moved back. Interviewer: uh-huh um would you uh {NW} Do you know what they used two rooms for in the log house there? uh Was one for uh one kinda bedroom and the other 503: Well uh I don't know at that time. Now this here was put on there before me and her was married. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh {NS} Her living room I mean her store room and the dining room was what they were called. But uh we finally put a kitchen on that other side of it and we used it then for a dining room and living room and used the other two rooms for bedrooms. Interviewer: I see. {NS} I'd like to make a sketch of that so I'm sure that I know what uh {NS} that I know what that's like. {NW} {NS} 503: There's a hall between it a boxed in hall {NS} {NS} and upstairs. Interviewer: Maybe you oughta make the sketch because you can see it uh 503: Well Interviewer: uh 503: you can you can write better than I can. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} uh {NW} uh So you started with the two rooms. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh and that's uh and those And to that you added an L? 503: Well before that now there was a there was a hall between these these two rooms here. Interviewer: Was that closed in? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: But it was uh weather board and uh boxed in. it uh And then the L and it was on the this room here. If you turn it around this way it'll be just just the other way. It'll be just like the house is sitting. Interviewer: {D: I see.} 503: Now now then uh rooms the L room and uh Interviewer: Well 503: was Interviewer: wait 503: was right there. Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh 503: And then it had a porch end from uh close here and uh used to be uh front front of the house over here. It used to be a road a big road that went down uh some little bit from there and the fork met the railroad down yonder. and uh They changed the road up then and put it back up on this side of the house. Interviewer: In the back, uh {NW} and then you you added a a dining room here? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And a store room? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And then you added a kitchen? 503: Well uh that #1 that was # Interviewer: #2 {D: you remember?} # 503: a store room and a kitchen all together there and then you used one of them L rooms right there for a dining r- room. Interviewer: I see now. uh This this would be the uh the first room you added would be a dining room here? 503: Yes sir. No that that'll be the first room. Coming outta this room would be a living room. Interviewer: Oh I see. That's what you added. 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh 503: It was added when I went there and then uh this shared room was a store room and they used this one for a dining room at that time. But her father then uh come close share then with a porch and uh {D: won't map uh} our kitchen right in there. Interviewer: In here? 503: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # That used to be a porch but then you boarded it in #1 to be a kitchen. # 503: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And uh what did you use as oh then you used the store room for the dining room. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh uh What room did you keep uh the things that you uh didn't want to throw away but uh didn't have a use for then after you lost the store room? uh Where did you keep #1 that? uh # 503: #2 Well we we kept # them upstairs. Most of the time. Interviewer: I see. 503: Had up upstairs this uh lower room and uh and the hall. Interviewer: uh-huh And how did you get up there? um 503: Had steps to go up just like them. Interviewer: uh Were were they along in here someplace? uh {NS} Steps? 503: Well. Let me see. {NS} {NS} {NS} You went up here in the hall. Interviewer: I see. 503: And then this door then is core to each room. That is uh except the the uh room down the way. Now it it had uh upstairs the green lap chair. From here I reckon. Interviewer: uh-huh um You mentioned uh in the loft in the barn uh what did you call the upstairs in the house? uh Was that a #1 second story? # 503: #2 We just called it up- # stairs rooms. Interviewer: Upstairs? #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: um When you um stored things like that um {NS} uh how would you wife refer to it? Would she say uh uh "We oughta get rid of that old something"? or or how did she uh 503: #1 Well anything that # Interviewer: #2 refer to that? # 503: thing that uh she didn't want to keep 'course we throwed it away but then uh anything she wanted to keep uh we'd say well we'll put it up in the loft. Interviewer: uh-huh What uh would she call it plunder or uh junk or how what would she call it? 503: Just call it mostly junk I think. Interviewer: #1 Junk? uh-huh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: Some people uh uh used to say plunder I guess #1 or that. Is that right? # 503: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Plunder or junk either one. Either. Either one will work. Interviewer: and uh Then you after you built the air lon- uh you used these two rooms for uh 503: Bedrooms. Interviewer: Both of 'em? 503: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Bedrooms. # uh-huh I noticed this porch uh did you have anything over the hall door here? 503: #1 Well that # Interviewer: #2 that you # 503: there was a porch come on out over that. uh Th- th- there wasn't in the front of the house used to be the front. at th- th- this side here that's There wasn't no porch there. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you have anything over the door to keep the #1 rain off? # 503: #2 No. # #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # When uh when people have a little roof #1 over a # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: door like that uh 503: That's called a stoop I #1 think. # Interviewer: #2 Is that a stoop? # 503: I believe it's called a #1 stoop. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # I see quite a few can buy them right now and just a #1 little roof. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: and uh To keep the the rain off. um Okay and in the uh in the living room uh uh what's the furniture? What furniture did you uh have when you started out? uh 503: Well there wasn't too much {NW} when we started out. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: #1 um # Interviewer: #2 {D: Would that be um} # 503: Just a couch and some chairs and table and such things as that. A chest maybe. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you uh have a fireplace? 503: Yes sir there used to be a fireplace in both rooms I don't remember the fireplace in the front room {D: that is it} That's a room this a way. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: But uh I have used it. The fireplace in the other room we used that as a living room a lotta times Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and the first one over there. but uh We had a storm kinda struck that part of it one night and brought a tree down on that chimney and and I just walled it up then. Interviewer: uh-huh When you uh when you burned uh did you burn wood? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh When you uh burned wood uh what what how did you hold up the wood off the #1 in the fireplace? # 503: #2 Had had # what you call dog irons. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Hand irons. Interviewer: and uh 503: and uh They were made uh well they had a upright piece here to hold your wood you know? and then uh Down here the end uh made a crook and then one {X} straight out and then another crook end to hold 'em up. That was to hold your wood up off the hearth. Interviewer: I see. 503: Fireplace. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh Over the top of the fireplace did you have a place for the clock or something? 503: Yeah. The mantle piece we called it. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh Would you tell me how you use used to start a fire? um How would you get #1 a fire # 503: #2 {D: oh well uh} # Interviewer: going so #1 that # 503: #2 uh # Well you'd put your wood and kindling in there We got to where we used a {D: cornal} cob Interviewer: {X} 503: Keep a cob in a {D: cornhole} you know a long time and and then put that under there and stick a match to it and you quickly had a #1 good fire. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah? # #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: How about the big um piece of wood that would be uh that would last a long time? 503: That was called a back stick. Interviewer: uh-huh And you put that on the the 503: Yeah. Interviewer: kindling first 503: Yeah. Interviewer: the back stick uh 503: I put your back stick on and then put your kindling in the front of it on and then keep adding little wood to it. Interviewer: uh-huh did you How would you keep the chimney uh clean so that the #1 {X} # 503: #2 Well it # it was a pretty good size anyway you know and so uh then once in a while they'd catch a fire and burn out I have had that still. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Have that done. Interviewer: mm-hmm did you uh Did you ever hear of birds called chimney sweeps? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Is that right? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh I heard about 'em and read about 'em but I don't know uh would they actually get down in the 503: Yeah they'd they'd go down in the chimney. Interviewer: Is it true #1 they'd get # 503: #2 and uh # Interviewer: clean the 503: Yeah. I I reckon they'd help to keep it clean. Interviewer: They actually uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: they just beat their #1 wings and # 503: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: {NW} 503: {NW} Then they'd go on out the top. {NW} Interviewer: uh-huh um {D: Now when did you} When they get all over the did they get covered with uh 503: Well uh they might have I don't know but then uh they could have flew out you know and got uh kinda flop their wings and uh Interviewer: {X} 503: Hello mister. Aux Speaker 1: How do you do? Interviewer: Come on in. 503: So uh they they wouldn't Aux Speaker 1: {D: ain't enough for you?} 503: Yeah. Aux Speaker 1: Okay. 503: {NW} Aux Speaker 1: {X} 503: That's all. Interviewer: So there you go. And the stuff that uh would be up there you just called uh that black stuff that would would be up there 503: Soot. Interviewer: The the soot. and uh the uh What would you do with the ashes? uh 503: Well you'd take take them up and uh put 'em in a tub or bucket or something and carry one of those. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you have any use for it? uh 503: Well people used to make soap you know. and uh Fix you a frame that would hold ashes you know and uh that have something at the bottom to catch it and pour water in there then let it run through them ashes and cook it. I I don't know exactly how it was made #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: I don't remember that. Interviewer: uh-huh did uh {NW} Did you ever use that lye to to make uh anything out of corn? Did you ever soak corn in that lye to make a 503: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: Yes. Yeah they'd a done that I think. Interviewer: They would they uh I'm not sure about it uh did they uh the lye would loosen the 503: Loosen the husk on that corn I guess. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and uh I I don't remember very much about that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Women folk were always taking care of that part of it. Interviewer: I see. So you stayed away from it huh? uh the uh kitchen Do you remember where you uh what you had in the kitchen and where you kept the food and things like that? uh 503: Well you'd keep it in the {NS} different places in the kitchen and st- you had a stove in there you know. so Interviewer: Was that wood or coal? uh 503: Wood. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Until electric come in and started using an electric stove. Interviewer: You never used coal? uh 503: No sir. Interviewer: Never did. 503: I never did cook any with coal. Interviewer: Did you used to heat with coal? um 503: No. They used to heat there in town with coal. Interviewer: uh-huh uh would keep would it be pretty expensive to uh Would the coal be more I suppose be more expensive than the wood because you had the wood. 503: #1 Yeah. Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Would that uh # 503: you you had the wood you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Out in the country. Had very little coal burned here now I guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm Where did they keep the coal in? uh Would they 503: Well lotta folks just put it out in the yard and then they could have a coal house for it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: One that had that Interviewer: And then did they bring it in in a 503: Bucket. Interviewer: A bucket? 503: Coal bucket. Interviewer: uh-huh and {NW} How did you keep things cool uh How did you keep the milk cold? {NW} {NS} 503: Well we were lucky. When we moved back to this place I got now there was an old dug well bricked up from the bottom and my wife's mother kept food in that dug well a lotta time. Well all the time when you when you need it Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And uh 'course we kept it up when we went there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: But at first when we first married were I think were couple a barrels down in the ground about stick out the top about that much you know and keep milk and butter and stuff in that. {X} Interviewer: I see. It would keep pretty good? um 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Did you have anything in the kitchen called a safe? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Did ya? uh-huh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And what was that like? uh Was that just kind of a cabinet or 503: Yes sir. It's uh more cabinet than anything else I guess. Uh it wasn't just a called a safe and uh it was built on the to the wall Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: cabinet. Interviewer: Did it have metal or in it? Or not? uh 503: Yes sir. Some of us has. Now I've got a I've got an old safe there now. I think it's metal all over. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: The back and all. and uh Interviewer: On the outside or the inside? uh 503: Outside I think. Interviewer: Outside. 503: and uh It's it's metal all over and got uh metal legs on it you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm How about the uh bedrooms would you tell me uh uh what the beds were like and what you had what you kept your clothes in things #1 like that? uh # 503: #2 Well # we had uh an old wardrobe there for a long time that uh sit up in one corner. It's still there. and We'd keep our clothes hanging up in that. And the closets together to the steps you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm Oh I #1 see # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: A closet underneath the steps? uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: here. uh-huh 503: Yeah both of it both the steps was rolled up in the closet there just like that door there. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh did the uh Did your wife have a place and a piece of furniture with a mirror or anything? 503: Yes sir. Yes she she had some of them too that's that's what you called a dresser. Interviewer: That was a dresser? And the wardrobe then was one of these big uh 503: One of these big things we always told 'em that uh shelf there. Interviewer: uh-huh About uh eight eight feet high? 503: Yeah. Yeah it's it's eight ten feet high it's it's just uh about that much going into the loft #1 in that room. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh And how about the beds? um What did you um what did you use for a mattress and things like that? 503: Well Interviewer: Uh when you were 503: We used uh used to use a old straw mattress. We'd get wheat straw it was in the spring you know if you need it and uh make a new mattress. Until they got to where they could buy 'em you know? and so After they got to where they could buy 'em uh kinda done away with those old straw mattresses. Interviewer: mm-hmm did you uh {NW} Did you sleep on this on a straw then? uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And you'd redo it every spring? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 503: Well we used to have feather beds you know. and uh You'd just sleep sleep on them feather beds in the winter time especially at night. Hell I slept on them through the summer. Interviewer: uh-huh and um What would you keep over you to keep uh warm? 503: Quilts. Interviewer: Quilts? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh 503: Bed spreads. Such as that. Interviewer: uh Kind of a bed spread in the summer? and quilt in the win- #1 ter- # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: -s? uh-huh 503: That's right. A sheet in the summer. And a sheet maybe most of the time between you and the cover. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: In the winter time. Interviewer: and How about the uh pillows? How were What were they made out of? 503: They were made out of feathers. Now you pillows was made out of other stuff. but uh We always used the feather pillows. Interviewer: mm-hmm Never used cotton very much for anything? uh 503: Sir? Interviewer: You never used cotton 503: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 for # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: No not very much. Interviewer: How about the uh one of those long things that co- that covered the whole bed that you'd use? Some people I guess slept on 'em some people just used them for {X} 503: That is that is a bedspread I imagine. Interviewer: Well this was uh kind of a roll. and it It'd be where the pillows were. {NS} 503: That was a bolster. Interviewer: Bolster? 503: Bolster. Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: They uh there used to be a lot of 'em. Interviewer: Was that uh mostly 503: it'd be long. Interviewer: uh-huh Aux Speaker 2: {X} Interviewer: I didn't catch that. Aux Speaker 2: Could you tell me where you buy your tags at for your car? Interviewer: Do you know where they buy tags for their cars? 503: Right up there in the front. The first door but they're closed today. Aux Speaker 2: They be closed on Saturday? 503: Closed on every Saturday. You could get 'em Monday. Aux Speaker 2: Monday? {NS} Interviewer: um Did did you use this bolster or was it mostly to look good? 503: Oh yeah you you could use it. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Other folks used it to sleep on Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and pillow too maybe. Interviewer: Oh I see. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. Both of 'em hmm? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh um Did you ever when you were a boy where did you spend most of the time with the family say uh in the winter? Did you have one room where the whole family would be? 503: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you happen to remember what you'd call that? uh 503: Well they'd just uh the room in there with the fireplace I reckon. Where the fire was. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 Living # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever # 503: room I reckon and a bedroom too. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever hear that called a {D: a big room?} 503: Yeah. Yeah I've heard it called that. Interviewer: {D: Big room.} 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # That's that's the one place where everybody 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh could be. 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And in the uh You had a couch when you were first married in the living room. uh Did you have did you ever use uh Any other words for that uh come to mind? 503: Well I can't remember. Interviewer: uh uh What I'm interested in is uh a lot of people call them today uh davenports and sofas and things like that that I'm wondering if you uh remember using. 503: No. uh It's just I think they was just called couch them #1 days. # Interviewer: #2 Couch? # uh #1 huh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: I guess these are these words are you know fashionable. 503: {NW} Interviewer: uh In this L here the roof must have come down like this right? 503: It did. Interviewer: and 503: Yeah. Interviewer: What did you call this place where the rain would fall down? uh 503: Uh that's a gutter. Interviewer: That's the gutter? uh-huh Where the two where the roof 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: joins? 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Like # that. Did you ever catch the rain and uh 503: No uh you could uh always put a piece of tin gutter tin that that place you know that uh water come down from each place {NS} and uh keep it from going under your boards. {D: Shim it} the roof with what you Interviewer: uh-huh 503: had. Interviewer: Then you'd uh would you catch the water down uh as it fell off #1 Well # 503: #2 the roof? uh # {NW} if you wanted to catch it you could catch it. If you didn't well just let it go on the ground. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh How did you keep the light from coming in? Did you have something over the windows? 503: Oh yeah. Shades. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Curtains or something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh let's see Oh and I wanted to ask you uh If somebody came and to visit and uh you didn't have a bed for them uh how would they sleep? Where would they 503: Well they'd they'd {X} always had beds #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # uh-huh 503: Extra beds ya know. Interviewer: {D: Probably.} When uh when a boy uh fell into a bed in the summer uh that might be too hot you might want to make his bed on the floor. um 503: He'd he'd put him a quilt down there and get down there on the floor. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Call it a pallet. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: {NW} Interviewer: It was kind of a treat was it? 503: Yeah I've slept on them anywheres. Pallet that a way. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Something different. uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: You mentioned uh putting barrels down in the ground for the milk uh did you ever hear anybody call that uh Did you have a place called a dairy? uh 503: No I don't think that was uh that. A dairy I thought was uh a place where you milk a lot of cows. {C: tape speed and audio quality changes over next two speaker turns} {Sometimes would they keep filling it} {Well if they mighta had that I don't know about that but uh.} {No my my my wife had where we could always keep it in the kitchen and store them together you see.} Interviewer: {uh-huh} {The thing I was interested in was uh uh} {a kitchen a closet or a pantry or something like that?} 503: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: They they's been a lot of them as as far as that's concerned. Interviewer: uh-huh Which which one uh which word would you use? uh 503: Kitchen pantry I guess. Interviewer: Uh which would be an extra room? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh mm-hmm How did uh How did your wife uh oh keep the house clean? uh How did she uh 503: Well she used a broom. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Broom at that time. And a mop after it got to where you could get mops. Interviewer: uh-huh Mostly sweep up? uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Broom. Where did she keep the broom? uh 503: Sir? Interviewer: When she wasn't using the broom where did she keep it? 503: She kept it up it one of the corners room uh. In the house. Somewhere. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh Would you tell me uh best you can remember how did she keep your clothes clean? uh 503: Well #1 she'd uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and soap right? uh 503: #1 Yeah. Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 use her own soap? # uh-huh 503: uh We were first married 'course there wasn't no such thing as washing machines at that time and you'd uh I'd built a fire out in the yard a million a million a times and drawed water and filled up the pot to get hot water you know to wash with. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and then uh She'd do that washing with a tub and old wash board. Scrub 'em you know. {NW} Interviewer: Sounds like a lot of work. 503: Well it it was. It was. Sure. Interviewer: How did uh she get the soap out when she she'd scrub the soap in? 503: She she'd wring 'em. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: uh Wrench 'em I mean and uh wrang 'em out. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: It all would come out. Interviewer: mm-hmm and {NW} Did you use that soap to uh wash your face with? or 503: No No uh The tortoise soap's what you'd use to wash your face with and this here was P and G soap I imagine. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh The uh lye soap would be pretty 503: Yeah. Interviewer: pretty rough on your skin. 503: Well that's that's what's {X} run through the ashes you know and make soap. I've I've done it many a time. I've I've poured water in it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: 'Course it done the soap making. Interviewer: and uh I meant to ask you uh how did you keep the rain out from coming in the house? Did you have uh 503: #1 Well it had a # Interviewer: #2 to keep your # 503: had a roof over it you know. Interviewer: {X} What did you have on the roof? um did you have to Did you make your shingles? or 503: Well lotta folks did. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: and then uh We bought some Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: shingles and roofing. Interviewer: did you um You you could just uh uh well I don't know how to say it but uh you could just chop out shingles? Is that uh 503: No you had to That that was called boards at that time. Interviewer: Oh? 503: You had a fool and a little mallet. Made out of wood you know and so you'd stick that board that piece of timber down here and then get your length of the uh width the uh board you wanted and then uh you'd you'd slap it down and then you'd put it down then and uh. The D: frow} had uh had a handle on it you see about that long and you'd catch hold a that and rip that board on down. Interviewer: Oh I see how it is. 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Pull 'em up # then. 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh 503: And a lotta folks used that. Some folks used shingles and some used tin. Interviewer: mm-hmm and {NW} the uh Where'd you go to the bathroom in the old days? uh 503: Out Interviewer: #1 um # 503: #2 Out # the barn a toilet one. {NW} Interviewer: Did you have any uh any joking uh the words for for the toilet? uh You know. 503: Little boys' room. #1 Something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Little boys' room? # 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh Some people I guess call it a privy and 503: Yeah. Interviewer: and uh Anything else comes to mind? uh 503: No. That's only the toilet. hmm The little boys' room #1 something like that. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # uh-huh and uh how did you um How did you get your light to see by at night uh? 503: Well you had {D: coal oil} lamps and set 'em on the table. Just take the chimney off and light that lamp. Interviewer: uh-huh Now did the lamps have um have a mantle or did they have a wick? uh 503: They have a wick. Interviewer: I see. 503: Just turn it up you know and just just had a little screw thing on there and you'd turn it up you know. High as you want it. Interviewer: I see. And the more wick that came up #1 the brighter the # 503: #2 mm-hmm Oh yeah. # Interviewer: I see. 503: Well you get it up too high and it'd smoke the chimney. Interviewer: Oh. so You'd have to have just a certain 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: pop the wick out.} When you first got electric um what did you call uh the things that you put in the in the ceiling? uh 503: uh Electric globe. Interviewer: Globe? uh-huh And then later on you started to s- to say uh uh you say today. You don't call 'em globes anymore you call them bulbs right? 503: Bulbs. Yeah. Interviewer: Same thing. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Same thing. Interviewer: Now that's interesting. 503: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: they were the same thing. Interviewer: and uh uh Would you tell me what you'd keep uh what you'd milk into and what you'd keep water in and what you'd keep the scraps from the table in for the #1 hogs? uh # 503: #2 Well # you could uh we had a always had a milk bucket for milk and a water bucket for water. Interviewer: What were what were they made out of? uh 503: They were made out of wood uh some of them and some of them was made out of metal. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and uh You kept a what you call a slop bucket for the hogs. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: It'd stay kinda greasy all the time Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 503: #2 in- # -side and out. {NW} Interviewer: I think you said um that uh you fed the hogs when you were trying to uh so you would fatten 'em up 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 is it? # You kept 'em in a pen? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: and then you'd You had those uh along the or inside the pen where where you put or how would you empty the slop bucket? uh 503: Well you'd just uh have a trough made there. And just uh pour your slop bucket over in there. Your slop. Pour it in there from out uh From uh outside you'd pour it over the fence or you could have it trough sticking out a little bit and the plant come up to that you know to stop up the hole. and uh You could have a trough sticking out a little bit and you could pour it in there. Interviewer: {X} #1 {X} # 503: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: {X} mm-hmm and uh the {NS} You mentioned a pot in the yard that used to uh used to get the water hot for washing. uh How would your wife boil water in the stove? What would she use? 503: {NW} Well she'd uh put the tea kettle on that's what you call it and uh {NS} fill it up full of water and put it a while the stove. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you have a was that kettle something that would set down in the uh 503: Well yeah. #1 It uh it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: could do it or you could set it on top of it. Now these uh electric and gas stoves you just gotta {D: place 'course they knows} old than it then you'd set it on top. Interviewer: mm-hmm and 503: But that old wood stove {X} you know. You picked up and set 'em over here and then set that down in there. Interviewer: Right down in the 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh I see. uh What did you use to fry eggs in? 503: A skillet. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever remember anything a skillet with uh legs on it? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh Is that right? Would you tell me about that. 503: That uh that uh wasn't called a a skillet I don't think to fry eggs with. That was uh mostly I forgot now what you call 'em. But anyway you'd bake bake potatoes on the fireplace on that. Interviewer: I see. uh Does uh a Dutch oven or anything like that sound familiar? 503: No. Interviewer: uh Spider? or 503: Skillet. Skillet and legs I mean uh top is all I I remember. Interviewer: uh-huh I think some people uh call that an oven and some people call that a spider. 503: #1 Well they coulda done it I don't remember. # Interviewer: #2 {X} uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: The oven is uh is inside the stove you know. That's where you cook your biscuits. Interviewer: uh-huh Well I guess this was uh this was one of the first ovens. Early idea of an oven and they put it in the #1 fireplace. # 503: #2 mm-hmm. Yeah. # Interviewer: By the way did you ever um did your uh wife's mother or grandmother I wonder did they ever make uh some hoe cake and put it in the 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Would they put it in the {X}? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: What would they call that? uh 503: Just hoe hash hoe cake. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And did you did you ever eat any 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: They tell me it was very 503: {X} Was good. Interviewer: uh-huh wood ashes #1 {X} # 503: #2 yeah that's right. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: That's interesting. um Did you have that when you were a boy or did you 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # your own? 503: Well I think that my wife made a few since we've since we've been married. Interviewer: Did she? 503: #1 I think so. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {X} I'd like to try that sometime. 503: {NW} Interviewer: uh Do you remember uh putting anything in a nest? uh Fool a hen suppose a hen 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh What was that? uh 503: That was a what you call a nest egg. You could buy one. Or several of those. As many as you wanted. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And put that in that and the old hen would think that was an egg you know and she'd lay an egg again. {NS} Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 503: {NW} Interviewer: um If if you bought them what were they called? Were those china? 503: Nest eggs I think. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: I think that's what you call 'em. Interviewer: and uh When you had a a barrel uh say full of molasses and you had something on it to churn uh uh to drain out the molasses 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember what that was uh {NS} 503: No. uh You put them barrels I mean molasses in the barrel and you could uh cut out a little piece of leather and tack over that the spout you know and that that would save the 'lasses then from running down. the barrel. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: And draw 'em in the container then you wanted to put 'em in. Interviewer: So {NW} if you y- did you ever have a handle on that spout? Churn? 503: I don't think I have. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh in the uh Do you ever use the word uh spicket or spigot? uh uh How about faucet? uh 503: Faucets. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: uh The {NW} dishes uh I wanted to ask you about this. uh Different kinds of sacks that you remember. uh uh Somebody told me that they used to buy flour in uh cloth sacks. 503: Well we talked about that up on the other day you know. Interviewer: Yes uh I forgot to ask you did uh they ever use use a cloth sack to uh do dishes? or 503: Oh yeah. Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Make dish rags out of 'em. uh Anything you know uh that a way. Interviewer: uh-huh uh that's uh I wanted to mention that the other day and and uh 503: Lotta folks since they started making 'em flours you know? uh They save 'em and piece 'em up and make a dress out of 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm So uh it was pretty good #1 pretty good quality and # 503: #2 mm-hmm Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: If a w- if a woman uh huh would like to stay in front of the mirror and and try to make herself 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh What would you say? uh She spends an awful lot of time what? 503: Trying to prep up. Interviewer: #1 Prep up? # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And uh if a man uh was very proud of the way he looked uh what would you say? You wouldn't say prep up but a man would 503: He was a stuck up dude. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: uh And a woman would uh wear what over her uh over her dress? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: To keep it clean? what 503: That is called a apron. Interviewer: Did it come all the way up or 503: Yeah. Well some of them had a bib you know. #1 And some of them # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: tie around the waist. But a lot of them had a bib ya hear. And uh straps across the shoulders. Interviewer: mm-hmm I wanted to ask you also uh now that's how a woman worked. uh How did uh what kinda clothes would a man in the old days 503: Just about during the time they'd {X} {NW} Interviewer: Did you uh Did you ever hear the word jeans used 503: Jeans? #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh So that's not something that just came in the last few years? 503: Oh no I don't think so. uh Jeans jean britches have been uh speak of as long as I can #1 remember. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # uh-huh but uh Most of the time you'd wear what over your 503: Overalls and jumpers Interviewer: Jumpers? 503: is what uh we used to wear. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Most of 'em do now. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh When you went to church uh how did you dress up? 503: Well you'd put on your best you had {NW} most of the time. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: 'Course a lotta times you know lotta folks would just wear their knockabout clothes you know? and and uh They'd uh put on their Sunday suit maybe to go to church. Interviewer: mm-hmm did you uh Would you then was a suit uh three pieces? or 503: Well. Long years ago it was. Interviewer: It was? 503: You hardly can get three pieces now. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 I don't think. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and uh The three pieces would be called a 503: Vest Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and a coat and a pair of pants. Interviewer: The vest would button? 503: Yes. Interviewer: {X} #1 How did you keep # 503: #2 uh # Interviewer: your pants up? uh 503: We wore galluses. Interviewer: Galluses? 503: Suspenders. Interviewer: uh-huh No you didn't have belts 503: No. Interviewer: What it mostly uh #1 galluses # 503: #2 uh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and uh how much um How much would uh would it cost you to get vice your Sunday best? uh 503: Well I I don't know hardly. I I imagine 'round twenty-five or thirty dollars. You could get a set of clothes. Interviewer: The wool and #1 all three # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: pieces? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Long time ago but then 'course you couldn't do that now. Interviewer: Yeah, uh Did the women carry something to keep the sun off uh 503: What you call an umbrella. Interviewer: mm-hmm That was used for sun as well as #1 rain. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. Interviewer: and uh How would a woman carry small coins? How what would she put them in? uh She have regular #1 billfold? or # 503: #2 Sh- # -she put them in a billfold and uh hand stacked together. Interviewer: mm-hmm They you didn't use the word purse? uh 503: Well yeah. Used a purse. Interviewer: uh-huh and What would she wear on Sunday? uh Say around her neck or around her wrist? uh 503: Well she'd have a bracelet on a necklace one. Maybe. Interviewer: Did folks ever talk about a pair of beads? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Now is is that how how would they uh 503: Well I believe it's uh I believe it's two different beads that go around your neck. And one of them may be a little longer than the other one and hanging down a little lower. Interviewer: I see. 503: I believe that's the way it was. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: I never did fool with them much. {NW} Interviewer: uh-huh and if um If you bought a new shirt and uh took it out your wife boil it to keep it clean sometimes it would what? uh 503: Well they could always tell when it was standing boiling or not and how much boiling. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh You used to put more starch in them than you do now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 Would uh # Wh- when they were new if you boiled 'em then you couldn't get the {D: colors} what would uh 503: Well that that'd draw it up. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Then drawed up then. Interviewer: mm-hmm I suppose that'd happen pretty often. 503: Well it did. Sometimes. Interviewer: And if you uh had uh your pocket full of uh all kinds of things some little kid might say uh what do you got in your pocket? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: They're all what? uh Pockets are all 503: Pushed out. Interviewer: uh-huh You'd say pushed out or pulled out? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh I wonder we talked about uh the meat that you had the other day but I didn't get a chance to ask you about which how are what you used uh the milk for. How did you get um did you drink the milk or store it? What would you use milk for? um Did you make anything like clabber or 503: Oh yeah. Interviewer: uh uh 503: Yes sir. I've drank a million glasses a clabber. Interviewer: uh-huh how you 503: They'd uh set it up you know to clabber and then they'd cool it and after {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm Right after you'd uh milk what would you do with the milk to get uh anything out of that? 503: Well you'd strain it. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: You'd uh pour it down another bucket and have a strainer over that and strain it. Interviewer: Well that was that strainer cloth? or uh 503: No uh well a lotta times it was and a lotta times it was metal. Interviewer: So it was a metal? 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh and {NW} then you'd uh uh let it set and then the clabber 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh And then how about uh did you ever make any cottage cheese? uh Your wife 503: Well I don't I don't know if we ever made any. I've heard of it. Interviewer: uh-huh and After uh you made some butter and you kept it too long and it didn't taste good you'd say well that butter is what? uh 503: Too old. Interviewer: Too old? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Rancid? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: That milk would clabber you know and then churn it. Put it in a big churn and uh have it dashing you know. With uh top with a hole in it that that that handle would come up through and just sit there and churn it. And it'd get your butter. And then take a spoon or a paddle one and get your butter out up out of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and then uh Put your butter in place and uh your milk in another. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is that a boy's job? to 503: No well yeah I've I've done it many a time. {NW} Interviewer: that's probably uh 503: Then it could be both woman and boy. {NW} Interviewer: Kinda tiresome I suppose. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: How did you used to uh eat your eggs? How did you 503: I always wanted mine {D: done} {D: dumped} Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Lotta folks want them straight up. Interviewer: Did you uh boil 'em or poach 'em? or 503: Yeah. I've eat 'em all three ways. Interviewer: uh-huh Did they uh When they poach an egg how did they used to do that? Did they just drop it? uh 503: I think so. Interviewer: Think so? 503: Yeah just in some water I think. Interviewer: uh-huh uh 503: And you boil them you'd put them in a tea kettle boil 'em over you know? Let it boil. Interviewer: If you poached them uh uh how would how would they come out? What would 503: They would come out just about half and half I would guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: I think I can't eat 'em that a way. {NW} Interviewer: The uh you like the uh the white pretty stiff and the 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And how about the inside? 503: The inside done too. Interviewer: uh-huh Was all the inside yellow or 503: Yellow. Interviewer: mm-hmm and You don't uh you don't like 'em 503: No I don't. {NW} Interviewer: um I didn't get a chance to talk to you very much about uh corn meal the other day. We you explain how you'd take it in to the crisp mill and uh um I think you said what? About a bushel? 503: Bout yeah a bushel a bushel a peck or you which you wanna care Interviewer: uh-huh And I wanted to ask you more about uh about corn meal and what uh your wife or your mother anything you remember that they used to make out of it. uh 503: Well they used to make corn bread for one thing and then butter cakes I think for another. Corn bread butter cakes. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And ranch and your chicken dressing you always had to have corn bread for that you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh I don't think uh I don't think I mentioned the other day uh corn dodgers? Did I uh 503: Well I I never had much experience with them Interviewer: mm-hmm Or corn dumplings? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh Would you ever would you have those with greens? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Corn dumplings. 503: Yeah you could uh you could make that uh dumplings and uh eat them with most anything you wanted to I guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm It's interesting uh how in different parts of the country they've 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 got different # names #1 for the # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: same thing. uh You had you had hush puppies here right? uh 503: Yeah I think so I've I've heard them talked about but I don't ever eat 'em. Interviewer: uh You don't? mm-hmm Did you have many mush? 503: I've heard of that mentioned too around here. Interviewer: But you don't have to 503: No. Interviewer: care for that? And if you bake some bread out of flour uh what did your wife call that? uh 503: Biscuits or light bread either one. And uh hoe cake. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: That's just where ya just put it all together you know and make a hoe cake and put it on the skillet and put it on turn it over you know. Let it cook on good and done. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: That's called a hoe cake. Interviewer: You uh I guess most people like biscuit better than light bread. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} 503: Yeah I think so. Aux Speaker 3: Morning. 503: How ya doing? Aux Speaker 3: {X} 503: Pretty fair. Interviewer: and uh did did um Do you remember anything that they used to bake that was sweet? uh Like doughnuts? or or uh 503: Yeah. uh They they make doughnuts sometimes now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: But then you buy 'em most of the time. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would they have something uh came in a deep dish with apples? uh Peaches something like that? 503: Well yeah. uh A bowl or something like that that you could put uh apples or peaches or something like that in. Interviewer: I was wondering did you ever have much cobbler? Did you ever call it cobbler? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Apple cobbler? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh And that was baked was it uh kinda like a pie? 503: That's right. That's right. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: You put it all together and then put your bread in there with it and uh cook it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Cobbler. Cobbler. Interviewer: uh fish Do you like uh 503: Sir? Interviewer: What kind of fish do you like? uh 503: I don't like any. {NW} Interviewer: So you never went fishing right? 503: No well I used to when I was growing up I stayed on a branch or creek one all the time but uh then I never did eat 'em. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: What did you used to catch? uh 503: We'd catch the perch we called 'em. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Just little branch went down in front of the house little creek down below us one. Interviewer: uh-huh What did you use for bait? 503: Worms. Fish and worms. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Get out there and dig my bait and go fishing. Interviewer: Did uh people ever use these uh little look like fish about so big? 503: Well I have heard of 'em use 'em. That's minnows. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: They they use a lot of 'em now. Interviewer: uh 503: But I I never did Interviewer: You never did. Used mostly worms? uh 503: No. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever um have uh anything from the sea like uh lobster or anything like that? uh 503: Well uh I don't uh {NS} I don't fool with none a that stuff uh I've heard people say they did Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: have lobster for dinner maybe. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: But uh I don't want none of that. {NW} Interviewer: Well if you don't like fish you don't like 503: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 oysters. # or uh uh Did Did you uh did When you were a boy did they ever get anything uh that they call a shrimp now? A little orange thing you know uh like a half moon? Maybe oh about the size of my little finger. 503: I don't remember. Interviewer: uh-huh I uh I didn't think that they were around here but over by the river I guess they they had some. 503: How are you lady? Aux Speaker 4: {X} {B} 503: No I haven't. Aux Speaker 4: See his car right there and I usually know he was here #1 but I didn't see it none. # 503: #2 {NW} # Aux Speaker 4: Thank you. 503: He's not in his office? {NS} Interviewer: uh You remember a bone like that and chicken that you'd 503: Yeah. Interviewer: What'd you #1 call that? # 503: #2 Call it a # pully-bone. Interviewer: Pully-bone? 503: {X} Aux Speaker 5: This door was blocking it. {NS} Interviewer: and uh I think I asked you yes about uh {D: hassel} and you said you didn't the inside of the hogs 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: you didn't use that? 503: No. Interviewer: {NW} What did you uh grow in the garden? 503: Well we'd grow a lotta things. Different things. Tomatoes and peen and beans and butter beans and string beans and cabbage first onions and radishes and salad mustard. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Just most anything you wanted. Interviewer: the uh You had okra I suppose? uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: You had okra? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: and uh uh I was wondering if a tomato grows grows wild just comes back up and it's real small like that what do people call that? uh Somebody said that was they used call that a tommy toe. 503: I reckon it is I don't really #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Did you use that? uh # 503: I don't remember. Interviewer: It's an interesting name for it #1 uh a tommy toe. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and What kinda potatoes did you grow? uh 503: {D: highst} potatoes and sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Oh? 503: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Was this word yam ever used uh for sweet potato? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh Is that a different kind? or um 503: Yeah I guess it is. I think it is. Interviewer: mm-hmm And you never uh you d- you don't grow any uh any rice here do you? 503: No. Interviewer: Where is the closest place? uh 503: I don't don't really know Interviewer: uh-huh 503: {D: where there is rice.} Interviewer: Guess you gotta have uh #1 a lot of water # 503: #2 You got- # -ta have a lot of lotta rain and water for that I think. Interviewer: mm-hmm How did you eat corn? did you 503: {NW} Well uh you'd go to {D: feeding and roasting that time come in and uh} pull you off some corn and get the hull off and shuck it and Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: women folks then would cut it off the cob and cook it and a lotta times just brought it on the cob you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm What did you pull and what did you call that stuff you had to pull off #1 and # 503: #2 Shucks. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and {NW} at the end that uh red stuff at the end of the cob 503: Well that's uh that's just called the end of the uh {D: roast now I reckon.} Interviewer: uh-huh 503: How ya doing? Aux Speaker 6: Just fine. How ya doing? 503: {X} Interviewer: uh uh What I was uh wondering is uh is that silk or tossel 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 or that uh # 503: That's that's silk. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: And at the top of the the corn stalk Tossel. Interviewer: That's that's a tossel? 503: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: And how about things uh out in the woods that uh that uh grow about so big and it's got a cap and and stalk on it? uh Maybe you never liked it uh some people like 'em a real lot or 503: No I don't. I don't like 'em. Interviewer: Did you ever eat mushrooms? uh 503: I reckon it's mushrooms. Interviewer: uh-huh did you eat But you never ate any? 503: No sir. {D: No I never ate any.} Interviewer: If they're poisonous what did what did you used to #1 call them? # 503: #2 I don't # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Good to eat their mushrooms and some people say if they're uh poisonous then you call them toadstools. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: How about uh different melons? uh that you remember? 503: Well I don't remember much about the different kinds that they're called I know that they're food but they had many of 'em. There was different names for 'em and mush melon and watermelon was all I {X} Interviewer: How about squash? uh 503: Yeah. There's they's a lotta squash gr- growed around here but I don't ever eat it. Interviewer: Did they ever call that uh {D: simalin?} 503: Not that I know of. Interviewer: uh-huh In east Tennessee they seem to to call squash {D: simalin.} uh 503: uh Maybe it's just one of the squash around here all of the time. Interviewer: And the uh big orange things that kids like at Halloween? What uh Ya ever grow them? 503: No. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: {NW} Interviewer: Did uh you drink coffee uh when you were a boy? uh 503: No sir. Interviewer: I think you said you did you were married weren't you? 503: Yes #1 sir. # Interviewer: #2 Were you # uh had any had any coffee? 503: Oh yeah. Yeah uh I used to {NS} When I was growing up I drank it I think I drank some coffee but I got off that onto milk and I drank milk a long time after we was married. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Three times a day. Interviewer: #1 Three times a day? # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: um And I think I mentioned that uh somebody told me that if you drink your milk without or uh drink coffee without any milk or sugar you call that barefoot. I was wondering did you #1 ever hear that? # 503: #2 {NW} # Bare. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: uh Straight. Something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: uh I always put sugar in my coffee I don't ever use no cream. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh Whiskey that's uh homemade uh what did you used to call that? Homemade whiskey. 503: {D: Homemade Canada} Interviewer: uh whiskey 503: Whiskey? Interviewer: Homemade whiskey. 503: Oh yeah. Interviewer: What did you call that? um 503: White uh white whiskey. Interviewer: White whiskey? 503: Bootleg. {NW} Interviewer: You ever call it uh white mule? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: White mule? 503: Yeah it's been called that too. Interviewer: Had some kick to it huh? 503: That's right. Interviewer: Different kinds of nuts uh and berries that you remember? 503: Well. uh There's blackberries and strawberries {NW} blueberries about all I know. Dewberry. Interviewer: Dewberry? uh-huh and uh 503: Hello brother. Interviewer: uh kind of uh nuts uh Did you grow your own peanuts? 503: No. well Well I have growed 'em a few times not many times. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is there a difference between peanuts and goobers? 503: I think it same thing. Interviewer: Same thing? yeah mm-hmm Did you used to call 'em goobers? 503: Yes sir. {NS} Interviewer: how about uh walnuts? uh 503: Walnuts growed on trees. Interviewer: uh-huh did you black uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: walnuts? You remember as a boy uh they used remember if I remember they were about so big right and green? 503: Well they're smaller than that just a little. But uh they've grow with a {D: crush} and I mean a hush over and you'd peel that off and then get to the hull in. It's got the walnut on the inside of that. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh pecans? Did you ever have any did you grow much of them? 503: No. Interviewer: I guess it's too far north to {X} get some big uh 503: Pecans you talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 503: Oh yeah yeah I I growed some of them. uh They grow on trees too. I got a good tall tree {X} Interviewer: Oh have you? 503: and uh it uh Don't take too good care of it so sometimes they're good and sometimes they're not. Interviewer: did uh Did people ever used to have a whole old twenty fifty trees? uh peaches uh 503: Yes sir. 503: But I know about where it's at I think. Interviewer: um {X} I'll watch for it. 503: Well I I I don't think you can see it from the road. Interviewer: Oh. uh huh What does he grow? What what kinda trees are they? 503: few different kinds I think. Interviewer: Oh. mm-hmm 503: Yes Interviewer: uh When they when you used to grow uh did you ever grow fruit uh to sell? 503: No Interviewer: {X} 503: No I never did grow any to sell. Interviewer: mm-hmm What kinda peaches did you uh 503: Alberta was {NS} one we always liked. Interviewer: {X} {NW} With the Alberta can you 503: Yeah. Interviewer: can you just uh 503: Just burst 'em open Interviewer: uh huh 503: get the s- seed out. Interviewer: And the meat doesn't stick to the 503: uh-uh Interviewer: the seed? What do you call the kind where the meat uh you know sticks right to the seed? 503: I don't know what kind that is {X} That it's a lemon peach. Interviewer: #1 Lemon peach? # 503: #2 Now # lemon peach might do that. Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear that called a press peach? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that what uh 503: uh I've heard of it called a press peach. Interviewer: Or a plum peach? uh 503: Plum peach. Interviewer: or uh You see somebody else out of {X} pick one peach I think? uh 503: I don't know. Interviewer: and uh Do you remember having any cherries around? uh 503: Well there's been a few. uh we never did fool with them {NW} Interviewer: You you didn't? mm-hmm And the uh thing inside the cherry is is a 503: I don't know too much about cherries. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: I never do eat 'em any. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You don't? # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh The apples? How about them? 503: Well they they grow on trees too. Interviewer: Any around this area? 503: Yes sir. There there's some people got 'em. There's not too many. I think there's one in town. That's got a orchard maybe. Apple orchard. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: But I don't know what kind they are. Interviewer: Do you remember uh uh drying fruit? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Would you tell me about that? uh 503: Well. You used to peel apples and cut them up in slices. and uh Put 'em on a clean cloth and put them up on top of the house and let 'em dry out. {X} Interviewer: uh-huh Would you uh take the inside out? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And then cut it up? 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 How # big would the pieces be? uh 503: Well it it wouldn't be very large. but apples were the most we ever done that a way. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And just kinda cut 'em up I imagine. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would your wife make anything for uh to put on bread um out of apples 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 or # fruit? uh 503: uh She used to make apple pie and such as that. Interviewer: but I I wonder uh to put on bread to spread on bread uh would she make anything out of apples? or 503: No. I don't #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Like a # preserve #1 or a # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 But yeah. # Have uh apple preserves. She'd uh would make that sometimes. Interviewer: uh huh how about 503: pear preserves. Interviewer: Pear preserves? She'd make a jelly out of anything? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Out of apples? or 503: No I think she'd make it out of peanuts Interviewer: Oh. 503: You'd cook the peanuts then you know and get all the syrup out of that. And then uh cook it you know and make jelly. Interviewer: I see. Nothing go to waste. 503: Yeah. That's right. Interviewer: uh huh and uh You got sugar maples around here. I I wonder did you ever uh cut into the maple tree and get the sap out and make the 503: No. I never had none a that. Interviewer: uh In New England they they do that uh and make a syrup out of it. But I guess you don't. 503: No. We don't do that here. Interviewer: and uh How old were you when you first remember uh things coming in from Florida or Texas uh like lemons? and 503: {NW} Well. {X} Interviewer: uh huh What what would you uh Who do you remember seeing uh at Christmas? 503: Well. when we first started out were we just hanging stockings up but uh fireplace and most you got then was raw post laundry and candy. Interviewer: uh huh Did uh Speaking of Christmas uh uh What would you say Christmas morning? First thing you'd see somebody you'd say uh what? uh Christmas morning. {NS} 503: Christmas Eve c- uh mean uh Christmas Gift #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 Christmas gift? # 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and they They'd uh uh I wanted to ask you about uh different games that uh you used to play uh as a child. Did you ever have a oh kind of a horse like this? and then a plank on there? 503: Yes sir. Seesaw. Interviewer: Seesaw? 503: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 How about a # post like that with a plank that would go around? 503: A merry-go-round we'd call it. {NW} Interviewer: and uh A board that would be fixed at both ends and you'd jump on it and it would come back up Remember that? uh 503: Yes. Interviewer: uh huh Call that a jump jumping board? or 503: I ain't sure. I I never did play that much and uh I don't know what it what it what it was called but I've seen it done. Interviewer: Did you boys ever play uh on something you go through? 503: Harp. Fresh harp I called it. Interviewer: Or you'd hold it 503: Yeah. Jigsaw. {NW} Interviewer: Did uh did did you used to uh uh call things toys or play pretties or play things? uh Or what? uh 503: Well that uh I don't know how to call it but uh they used to get toys outta that you know? find uh finally Santa Claus got to come I mean bringing 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: but now but you know you can get 'em all the time here and there {NW} Interviewer: Nothing special? 503: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {D: nothing} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh huh I uh I wonder if uh when you were a boy whether you called 'em play pretties? or uh 503: Yeah. Play pretties. Interviewer: uh huh and uh Did you ever uh throw things uh horse shoes when you were 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh huh 503: Throw many ones. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 There was a # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # good game huh? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: I uh I forgot to ask you when we were talking about the horses uh how did you shod them? 503: shod them Interviewer: Yes. 503: Well you'd ju- you'd came to a man and uh it done that the whole time you see and so he would uh fit the shoes on 'em and then lay them on Interviewer: would uh see uh if would heat the shoe I suppose 503: yes Interviewer: and #1 uh # 503: #2 he'd # he'd have to heat that shoe you see to to fit it on him Interviewer: I see and how would he how would he get the shoe on 503: #1 well he'd # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: uh he'd pick his foot up and put him between his legs and hold it with his knees and uh set the pin the shoe down there on his foot when he got it to set and then take his nails in and they would screw and it'd come out stick out about that much and he'd clamp 'em down and break 'em off and then file 'em knock 'em down Interviewer: now then where's the uh the the horse couldn't feel it so long #1 as as uh # 503: #2 no no uh-uh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: it was the hoof uh 503: had hoof just keeps sh- the feet are numb of it you see Interviewer: I see and uh what how thick would that be about uh 503: well there's something like #1 that a little # Interviewer: #2 something like that # 503: a little closer Interviewer: uh and then you drive 'em you drive 'em out is that right 503: yeah Interviewer: and then and then break 'em off 503: yeah Interviewer: alright 503: that's right Interviewer: your horse wouldn't kick would he 503: #1 no no some of 'em # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: some of 'em Bob Georgie had to tie up #1 {D: 'em and} # Interviewer: #2 {D: did she} # 503: four wheels running right smart Interviewer: they uh do you remember uh an any game that you throw a throw a ball over a house uh 503: Andy over Interviewer: Andy over alright 503: as it's called Interviewer: and how about the hide and seek uh uh would you uh tell me about that uh 503: well it'd be a bunch of boys and girls get together you know and they wanna play hiding well one of 'em shut their eyes and count and the others would go hide so he'd have to go around then and find 'em. Interviewer: and then uh uh were would they come in to a certain place and be safe 503: yeah Interviewer: what was #1 the # 503: #2 if uh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # they catch him if they went by him well they could run just get to the base where he was at you see #1 and they'd be safe. # Interviewer: #2 I see # oh I see uh-huh how about ball games uh 503: yeah I never did play any only just uh at school but they used to have and do now in places they'd have big ball games I w- I went to used to go to 'em out in the country a whole lot they had 'em on the other side at different places but uh. #1 I don't go much now # TV?: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # TV?: #2 # Interviewer: and uh the uh you ever have any cob fights when you were a boy? uh 503: cob pipes? Interviewer: no cob fights 503: oh yeah yeah Interviewer: uh-huh uh if somebody uh told me that uh that Cindy's boy's down to milk and they wouldn't bring any milk back to speak of and he thought the cow was hurt {D: both their eyes} turns out the boys are having a cob fight {C: what} speaking of uh cob pipes uh uh is that what most people use to 503: that's what they used to use Interviewer: alright 503: that there cotton more oil wrench you know and then uh put a hole through the side and get 'em a cane in and they had 'em a pipe. Interviewer: alright do they grow tobacco here or uh 503: yeah the some few did Interviewer: mm-hmm where would the uh who smoked uh w- what did what did town people smoke uh when they didn't have cob pipes uh would they buy a 503: yeah yeah they'd buy the tobacco yeah Interviewer: alright well what I'm interested in is uh what kind of person would smoke a cigarette what kind of person would smoke a cigar 503: well well we'd call 'em big shots that smoke cigars but I found out that's that's wrong {NW} and uh there's old mayors people you know that smoke cigarettes there's there's a lot of them smoked. Interviewer: uh-huh women never smoked did they uh 503: well they've started to the last few years. Interviewer: but uh when you were a boy uh 503: #1 oh gosh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 oh sure # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # smoke 503: oh sure Interviewer: and uh uh I wanted to ask you some questions about uh going to school uh uh I think the first day we talked you told me a little bit about uh that school didn't uh last very long right 503: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I've forgot now how many months they had school about six to eight I reckon months of the year. Interviewer: and uh uh what did uh how were the students or how were the youngsters uh did they call 'em students or scholars or 503: yeah either one Interviewer: either one and how would they ref- how would the town people talk about the teacher uh or the school 503: well whole lot of children liked this teacher and uh lot of parents if their kid liked her well they'd like her. Interviewer: #1 I see # 503: #2 {D: wh- whoa} # just living Interviewer: do they call her the schoolmarm or 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 school # ma'am or 503: school ma'am Interviewer: uh-huh and if 503: #1 schoolteacher # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: something like that Interviewer: uh-huh if a uh boy started out to school and he didn't make it uh went fishing instead uh what uh 503: he'd play hooky that day Interviewer: I see what would happen to him if he got caught? 503: well teacher wanted uh his parents wanted to uh {D: stin to him.} Interviewer: alright well what would 503: #1 they gave him a # Interviewer: #2 they do to him # 503: talking give him a talking I imagine I imagine most of the time Interviewer: uh-huh what kind of thing uh would uh make a teacher mad enough to get a switch really uh 503: well th- that's been done a whole lot sir Interviewer: but what a thing would uh what would a boy do that uh he'd get that uh 503: well he'd just be uh mean as an she was outraged enough to and she wanted to quiet him down. Interviewer: uh-huh parents wouldn't say anything if she did 503: no you doing all right. auxillary speaker: alright it's fine now 503: #1 that's good {C: lots of background noise} # auxillary speaker: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # auxillary speaker: #2 # Interviewer: did you uh how did you know that uh it was time for you to move on to the next class uh 503: the teacher'd call us Interviewer: alright 503: third grade second grade first grade or something like that. Interviewer: oh I see how did um did you study uh do you remember studying history uh 503: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 very # 503: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 much # 503: never did get that far Mister Jim how are you doing? auxillary speaker : alright {X} 503: {X} {B} auxillary speaker : {X} {B} 503: #1 he's got it tied up # auxillary speaker : #2 {X} # Interviewer: used to be {B} he's telling me how life used to be when he was a boy auxillary speaker : oh okay Interviewer: he's got a fine memory really uh auxillary speaker : who are you with? Interviewer: I'm trying to get some work done toward a book at Emory University publishing about the uh {D: real life people work as uh mechanized} and uh centralized all my life has auxillary speaker : {X} Interviewer: you started uh {X} things like uh where you just reading uh uh did you study any arithmetic or uh 503: well I I studied it a little {NS} Interviewer: what was your uh you mostly from a primer or 503: yeah primer and first reading second reading third reading and rip my tape such as that. Interviewer: how did uh did people uh respect uh uh going to school or how how did they 503: #1 well some of 'em # Interviewer: #2 what attitude did they have # 503: some of 'em liked it pretty good and some of 'em didn't like it too good Interviewer: uh-huh 503: I reckoned to be one of them didn't like it all that much but cause I didn't get nowhere of it. Interviewer: you had to like it or 503: yeah Interviewer: did uh did people talk much about uh getting an an an getting the schooling or #1 education or # 503: #2 they they wouldn't too much # talk about that now they'd at that time it's worse then than it was is now. Interviewer: uh-huh so you weren't actually pushed to go #1 to school # 503: #2 oh no # no we you wasn't actually pushed fact of the business you had to walk or ride one at them days and uh now they come from out that home and further than that town has schools see so they've got whole lot better chance now for education than they had back out when. Interviewer: and they don't have to work now uh the way you did uh 503: mm-mm Interviewer: I suppose you were actually were needed on the farm 503: #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 so much # #1 and uh # 503: #2 that's right # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: well I wonder if uh you could tell me uh we've talked about child mint now well going to school and playthings and so on uh when you first got interested in girls how did you uh what was courtship like uh tell me about that 503: well I don't know what Interviewer: how would you meet uh how would you meet girls uh at church or 503: well we a went uh church uh party or h- somewhere and another girl'd make you acquainted with her maybe and so uh that's about all to put it to it {NW}. Interviewer: if you uh wanted to to show a girl that you were interested in her would you ask to uh ask her at church if you 503: yeah Interviewer: #1 could uh # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # try to make a date with her and then Interviewer: uh-huh say can I carry you home 503: yeah that's right Interviewer: and uh if you went together pretty steady uh would she be known as your girlfriend then or your #1 sweetheart # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: or how would #1 you say that if # 503: #2 yeah if you had # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # it's what you call a man a girlfriend. Interviewer: how about the other way around what would she call you her 503: her date I #1 guess. # Interviewer: #2 her date # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 I guess so. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh you um you went did you have much uh to do with the dance the dancing and 503: yes they well used to have uh square dances and then they got the round dancing and they got to where they don't have any tow around on 'em now. #1 that's country # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # did you uh meet at a certain uh place for 503: oh yeah yes sir. Interviewer: for the square dance and 503: yeah they used to be several around the neighborhood that'd give uh things for certain nights is holding so that it it tell its round and that's the order you'd to have a crowd there. Interviewer: and uh suppose uh your girlfriend got mad at you and and you s- you asked her if you could marry her and she said no what would folks say she uh she gave him the gate or what would they 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I imagine that'd be it {NW}. Interviewer: uh anything else come to mind uh if a girl tells a boy {D: to go us there's one of 'em anymore} 503: no I don't think there is. Interviewer: shutting him down or something like that 503: yeah Interviewer: well once they uh once they decided they wanted to live together would you tell me uh uh how you get married? 503: well uh brought up to ask your girl and uh I love you well enough to I think to marry you and do you love me that much and she says maybe or say yes a boy wants it. and if uh if he did well she they would talk about it so they'd finally make up then and go ahead and get married. Interviewer: now would you tell me about the the wedding the how would you how would most people get get 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: most people back in those times and times have gotten married by George in a horse and buggy as a h- at the house one. Interviewer: sure 503: and um I got married in a horse behind the horse in a b- in a buggy. Interviewer: is that right? 503: and um we went on my my other home my home rather and stayed overnight it well I would have stayed there then 'til well only a month or two and then I moved out to old cell before we get out of the house. Interviewer: did anybody uh was anybody with you during the #1 wedding # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # yeah her brother in law his his wife turned out to be a they was wasn't married at that time but he finally married her. Interviewer: what did you call uh folks who stayed with you during the wedding would uh would you call 'em uh the grooms or the best man or what would they 503: best man I guess that's what you call 'em now and at uh churches you know to have I reckon you'd call him best man. Interviewer: uh I somebody said the old days they used to say uh waiter uh did they ever say that around here uh instead of 503: #1 I I think # Interviewer: #2 best man would you # 503: I've heard of it heard of that. Interviewer: alright so the waiter or wait man 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 some # thing like that and um when the get married and and uh uh begin to think about having children uh we we say today well uh she she's pregnant I wonder what they used to say they didn't 503: #1 well that # Interviewer: #2 say # 503: that's what they said uh used to say I think. Interviewer: pregnant 503: she done got pregnant Interviewer: uh-huh and if a girl got pregnant without the husband what would the child be called 503: that'd be a cord a one out of wedlock. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and uh one half was daddy you know that he could claim. Interviewer: what uh would they call the child a woods colt or or something like that 503: well I don't know if I ever heard it called that. Interviewer: and uh after you got married I forgot to ask you this uh did did people used to make a big uh kinda party or noisy 503: #1 oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # thing what'd they call it 503: they they uh used to call it uh give 'em a party if it's after he's married if they did it the first night and uh people would used to three or four couple of 'em maybe more but go sit with 'em while at night you know if they were going home stay there. Interviewer: you ever hear of a shivaree 503: a what Interviewer: a shivaree or a there is a reason I ask this is that uh I've been told that that sometimes the uh the friends would give uh a kind of a oh it'd be sort of a joke you know they they'd uh take 'em out on a on a wagon and they'd tie bells to the wagon and and uh uh one time uh fellow told me that that they uh his friends came to his house on the night of his wedding and they took him out there and kept him out all night they call that a I think he said it was a shivaree 503: they uh they used to call something like that a con- I mean a hay hay ride. Interviewer: hay ride 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: and he used to hook up to a wagon and pull it was tract- after a tractor'd come in and uh bunch of 'em get on there you know and go riding. Interviewer: uh-huh but 503: laugh and talk. Interviewer: this uh good fun right 503: yeah Interviewer: if um if they women woman's gonna have a baby did you ever call an old woman in to help 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and what was she known as 503: she was a granny Interviewer: the granny 503: granny Interviewer: would she stay with the uh with the family for a while or 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: she's she well if it's come off at night well it's maybe she'd spend the night and tend to the baby and and a lot of folks didn't have a doctor at that time you see and so she'd run it and baby born the baby and uh lot of times the they would be there you know where to doctor would come you know. Interviewer: could you uh could you tell me about uh uh children growing up uh let's see you have how many children 503: #1 two # Interviewer: #2 uh # two of 'em uh-huh what kind of uh worries did you have uh in those days about sickness and things like 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 that uh # 503: course now anybody got children will whoa being sick anyway Interviewer: alright what kind of illnesses did they have uh 503: well I remember one time my boy being sick and was had pour in hole and uh his face and head had swelled up big enough for two and I brought him to a doctor there and he gave him some medicine for that and uh I don't remember m- what else happened with him along them days Interviewer: did you ever have any uh any malaria around her or 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 not uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # did 503: we had some malaria uh don't think either one of them ever had it. Interviewer: what would they give for malaria 503: well quinine and uh camel were big shots that day Interviewer: is that right and once they'd uh and the quinine would break the fever is 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 that uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: uncle Olan how you doing? auxillary speaker: good but about to get out of here 503: probably probably you alright? auxillary speaker: I'm good 503: that's good auxillary speaker: how you been where you been {D: you been on the grass} Interviewer: that's right if uh if a child had uh lost both his parents uh both parents had died what uh what would you call him 503: well it would just be an orphan. Interviewer: just an orphan and would the court uh appoint somebody 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: if uh he didn't have any folks would take him well the court I imagine would come in and send him to a home. Interviewer: alright and uh uh talking about families and and sickness and things like that would you tell me uh what you do if somebody in a family died when you would you describe that in the old days uh 503: well in the old days well they'd die and uh neighbors would uh clean 'em up and dress 'em and you'd come to town to get a coffin to put 'em in and you keep that shut until the undertaker come you know to came to bury 'em the next day uh when they be dead and buried. there wasn't no embalming that day and and uh homes like it is now that take care of the body you see. there wasn't even a hospital old folks home or nothing. Interviewer: uh would they go to the church uh they take him to the 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 church uh # 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh well what would the funeral be like uh 503: well it'd be uh kinda like it is now only you had to lower 'em down in the ground with a couple of stri- straps you know and and just let 'em down thataway. Interviewer: and they uh did you put the coffin right down or did you have another box uh 503: well most of the time you had well you had another box whole time but then you'd lower that coffin into the box. Interviewer: oh I see 503: and now they got the vaults. #1 in there # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: had to keep 'em longer you know. Interviewer: and do you remember anything about uh uh things that people used to use for uh like a a crib on wheels that you used to take the babies around 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh 503: baby buggy or something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: yeah Interviewer: they're able to they used to be pretty fancy 503: #1 oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # you have any memory of that uh 503: well not too much of it people in the country always toted 'em damn it all. Interviewer: I see alright and if you uh to get back to sickness say if if you had a deep scratch you had and it heal right but it would get real red around it what would you call that skin around the 503: well uh rub- we'd be afraid of blood poison setting up. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and you'd bring 'em to a doctor then. Interviewer: what do you burn out that uh 503: well I don't know what he would do to it he'd he'd put some kind of medicine on it and uh bandage it up. Interviewer: mm-hmm tell me did you ever uh hear of uh of a proud flesh 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh what what does that mean uh 503: well Interviewer: proud 503: that's just uh where a sore won't cure up right away and flesh just boils up then it's like. Interviewer: I see I see and uh pimple would get s- uh real big and sore 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what would you 503: #1 that that was a rise # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh I guess a lot of people died from those uh is that right 503: well I don't know whether they would die from a rising or not but uh they have died I imagine from the that uh flesh. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh in the rising would be a what would be that stuff inside uh 503: the core. Interviewer: core uh-huh and if you uh if your skin turned uh yellow and your eyes yellow in the old days wouldn't they call that uh 503: well you had uh yellow fever I imagine. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: at that time I don't know about it #1 for certain # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and if uh if you were a little boy you uh ate something that uh didn't agree with you you could start to s- to get sick where 503: yes sir get sick to my stomach. Interviewer: uh-huh and then what would be some of the joking words that you'd use if you bring up what you ate uh 503: well uh it made me sick and I had to vomit. Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever have any joking words for that uh 503: no Interviewer: and if uh if you had a pain in the right side uh what what did they used to call 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 that # 503: they used to call it uh I don't know what they used to call it but now that's appendicitis. #1 and I reckon # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: it was then and uh people just didn't know about it then you know and there had been a lot of people died uh I imagine from it. Interviewer: they didn't operate 503: #1 uh-uh # Interviewer: #2 uh # were 503: no they didn't know what it was #1 then # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and if uh in the winter uh did you uh could you have uh any kind of colds or very much or 503: oh yeah you it you'd have a cold every once in a while. Interviewer: what would they do to that uh 503: well you'd take uh some cough medicine to keep you from coughing so much and then uh maybe go to a doctor with it and uh they'd give you some kind of medicine for it cough medicine something. Interviewer: uh but did they make did you ever make up your any of your own medicine? uh do you remember? 503: no no I don't know that I have. Interviewer: to come back to the uh funeral would uh how would the women dress uh uh for a funeral 503: well uh right folks in the family well they'd dress in black and have a long skirt course people were well warm then whole lot of longer to do now anyway you know. Interviewer: they'd they'd show uh they'd show what by that those black clothes 503: mourning Interviewer: that was the way that you 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 saw # somebody #1 dressed in black they're # 503: #2 that's right # #1 that's right {C: pinging noise} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh what was a how would you refer to somebody who died uh if you feel that you felt bad about him uh and say well I hear that mister so and so um 503: well uh I hate to hear of anybody dying as far as that's concerned but then uh that's that's about what it was then. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 503: #2 and # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: would you say he passed uh 503: yeah he passed away Interviewer: uh-huh and if you didn't like him uh what would what might you say 503: well I I don't know whether {X} express that. #1 {D: settle on that} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # did they say might say kick the bucket or 503: yeah yeah I've heard that expression #1 made too # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: good morning Interviewer: morning auxillary speaker: morning sir Interviewer: uh where would where was the uh the funeral you'd take him to the what the 503: cemetery #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 cemetery # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh I'd like to uh ask you how you used to talk about uh oh the way people acted and the way they looked uh suppose a young man was uh uh real big and strong you'd say well now he's he's right what uh {D: polygon app} 503: {X} Interviewer: and uh {X} 503: they'd be mighty big yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh {X} 503: yeah Interviewer: and a boy uh who's uh growing too fast you know his uh arms are 503: he's he's a big guy {NW} Interviewer: but if he's uh if he seems to be all arms and legs 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 and he can't # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # can't get himself coordinated what say he's uh 503: I don't know he is he kind of going to be a giant if he keeps on. {NW} Interviewer: you ever say he's uh he's gawky but he'll grow out of it 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh 503: yeah I've heard that too Interviewer: uh-huh and if somebody worked hard all day they'd come back in the house and they'd say I'm all what 503: tired out Interviewer: tired out uh-huh if a um young girl say about sixteen and she's got a lot of life um you'd say well she is she's right um right what 503: she's real spry Interviewer: an older person who gets around 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 real # well you'd #1 say well he # 503: #2 he he's # pretty spry Interviewer: or you'd say uh-huh and 503: had a old man that was in here once in a while would come up and stood there and talk to us a little bit he was ninety years old one day. Interviewer: is that right? well he sure is #1 fine shape # 503: #2 yeah he's # in pretty good shape Interviewer: {X} walk real well #1 and he's # 503: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: good strength 503: he lives right down there next to well p- up another block from a truck stop there where I keep my truck he walks up here twice three times a day. Interviewer: he does it's nice that uh you got some place to go #1 like this # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 to eat and uh # 503: #2 that's right # that's right Interviewer: {D: you were} talking about things and it keeps you young when you 503: #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # um if uh somebody is uh used to be kind of well you tell him something and and uh he just wouldn't wouldn't believe you he wouldn't change his mind you'd say well he's 503: he's telling a lie Interviewer: uh-huh and uh if somebody is you'd say something you didn't mean anything by it but uh they might get all mad and #1 upset # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: say he's awful he's awful what 503: he's awful angry or #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # touchy uh did you ever hear the word touch us or 503: yeah #1 yeah touch # Interviewer: #2 touchy # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: touchy too. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh if if it didn't uh take much to uh get somebody real mad you'd say well he's 503: he's touchy Interviewer: he's real touchy 503: he's real touchy Interviewer: how about the word uh common if you said uh well she's she's awful common what would that mean? 503: well that would mean I reckon uh I don't know how you'd put it but uh just don't care like I reckon Interviewer: that be a good or a bad thing to say about a woman 503: well according to who it was that's Rhode Island woman well {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh uh it's interesting uh some people think that common is not a good word and other people say that 503: #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 uh # it's um it's alright um if somebody uh hard to get along with uh would you ever say he's queer or or uh what would that word be 503: he got a high temper. Interviewer: uh-huh you ever use the word um uh queer or queer 503: yeah I I've heard of it Interviewer: uh-huh what how did it what would that mean would that be a 503: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 that # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I don't know uh I don't know how you'd put it together. Interviewer: and uh going to church uh uh would you tell me how you used to uh become a member of the church? 503: well you'd be just fist. profess religion and uh welcome tell the preacher about it and and you'd set a date and baptize you or {X} what you was going to be Interviewer: how would you uh what do they say when you give money to the church uh uh how do they exact dues or or 503: no it's not dues but uh you uh you're supposed to give money you know to Peter to pay the preacher and to keep the church up. Interviewer: and uh the church service uh would you uh did you used to have any uh would you tell me about a church service that you remember is when you were young uh how would they how would you go to church and what would you do there 503: well I'd go to church mighty near every Sunday and uh I used to used to ride horses up mules up there and {at church and uh go in a buggy one and go on and sit around out there in the front and talk to a lot of 'em a while and then about ready for meat well we would go in and have service and so I'm back in and uh talk to him maybe few minutes then go on home. Interviewer: uh-huh would the preacher give a talk uh 503: oh yeah he'd he'd give a talk. Interviewer: uh would you call would you say he preached a sermon or 503: yeah yeah he preached the sermon. Interviewer: and would you have any music uh 503: oh yeah lot of times well a lot of folks don't but uh I always had a organ uh some singing. #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm um do you remember any uh any ways of referring to the devil? um how did they used to refer to the devil? 503: well they they talk about the devil all the time now lot of the time. Interviewer: would you uh ever say anything to scare children you'd say now you better be good or 503: well I have some few times and uh I I don't think it's right now other folks make 'em scared of the police and the police they would not do that uh the their parents no or not but for the police is supposed to be a child's friend. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 503: and do all they can for 'em. Interviewer: that reminds me uh do people talk much about uh law and order here is that a concern uh 503: yeah uh they's right smart going on here the last few years. Interviewer: mostly with young people um 503: yes Interviewer: uh-huh 503: most of it's young people Interviewer: the um I was wondering did uh to get back to the uh talking about the devil uh did people ever think that a house was full of spirits uh 503: yes sir I've heard people say it uh certain certain houses haunted. Interviewer: uh-huh do you think uh was a haunt uh that something you do with the devil or uh 503: well I don't know I reckon it's oil I never did believe in anybody leaving here they'd they'd claim you see if you die well your spirit would was still in that house maybe. #1 and if it was # Interviewer: #2 I see # 503: well if you was there it'd say all night well maybe you'd bother him but I I never did believe in that. Interviewer: uh-huh well I see but a lot of people did they 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 just # uh they're in uh when you'd uh go to town when you used to live in the country to buy something uh what what did you uh you used to say is it it used to come in and uh go trading or shopping or 503: yeah Interviewer: which would you 503: #1 I got # Interviewer: #2 say # 503: to get some groceries or something #1 like that # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # people say that's uh trading? 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh-huh and uh wonder if you can tell me uh these drawings uh if this is the hour hand and this is the minute hand uh I wonder how would you say this you know ordinary conversation uh what time that was 503: what time that it was? Interviewer: yes sir this is the hour hand this is the minute hand say well that's 503: fifteen to eleven? Interviewer: alright 503: I'd call it Interviewer: did uh you used to say quarter 503: yeah yeah Interviewer: uh-huh quarter 'til 503: yeah Interviewer: and if this is the hour hand this is the minute hand you say well 503: #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 it's uh # 503: uh seven thirty Interviewer: uh-huh and how about uh would you say half 503: half past? Interviewer: uh-huh in the old days would you more likely to say quarter quarter to 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 quarter # 'til 503: no uh I think it's uh more that a way now for it was then. Interviewer: alright 503: I would say so. Interviewer: and uh different uh uh after uh twelve twelve o'clock noon what what part what part of the 503: #1 that's that's evening # Interviewer: #2 day is that # uh-huh and uh in the morning you say well we got up awful early we got up #1 before # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: before sun 503: yeah sun's up. Interviewer: sunup alright and but sometimes you go to bed before sun 503: yeah Interviewer: sun 503: #1 sundown # Interviewer: #2 down # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and we talked about uh the weather uh but when we were talking about it I didn't have the tape recorder so I'd like to ask you some of it you'd say uh you have some uh some tornadoes in the country 503: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: sir we w- uh had some dow- one down in Covington the other day I read in the paper this morning west of struck a gin out there and a man and I don't know whether it was his brother or his boy anyway two of 'em was working on it and uh wool fell down on this fellow I think. Interviewer: the uh if um if you if you had a a nice day uh wind was was quiet suddenly it started to come up you'd say well the wind is is is what uh 503: going {NW} to the north or south? uh Interviewer: alright 503: east Interviewer: and if uh wind is is uh it's been storming and uh you see s- see the clouds start to break there clear up in the west you say well I think it's gonna 503: it looks like it's gonna have another calm later Interviewer: uh-huh 503: storm or something like that Interviewer: and uh if the storm seems over you say well I think it's gonna what now 503: break off Interviewer: break off uh-huh 503: or fair up Interviewer: fair up if you come out in the morning and uh you feel kinda cold you say well it's 503: it's kinda chilly this #1 morning # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # ever say it's uh right airish? 503: yeah Interviewer: say and would that mean it's uh 503: it's still ki- chilly Interviewer: it's still pretty cool 503: yeah Interviewer: uh-huh and uh if if you were talking about in fact the other day you were coming into town and ran into that rain and you say well this is a this is a real 503: real hard rain. Interviewer: you um I think you said downpour didn't #1 you # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: alright you ever hear that called a gully washer? 503: yes sir Interviewer: {X} 503: there's there's more fields washed up now than ever was known before I reckon. Interviewer: uh-huh they really just washed out 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh again I I don't think you put this on tape but you said uh some some cotton fields had been planted uh 503: two or three times Interviewer: three times 503: yeah Interviewer: alright and uh washed out a different 503: #1 drowned # Interviewer: #2 name # 503: it out yeah Interviewer: uh-huh different kinds of uh rain and again I I'd like to remember if you can remember how you used to say it uh when you were a boy you were young suppose you just had a little bit of uh rain to settle the dust what would you call that 503: well that's just a shower Interviewer: just a uh-huh and then if it really came down like the other day if it was a downpour 503: oh downpour {NW} the bottom falling out. Interviewer: and uh if if you have um if you get up in the morning and there's a lot of moisture on the plants uh you'd say well I s- there's a heavy 503: heavy dew Interviewer: this morning 503: yes Interviewer: but suppose a uh suppose it it's cold enough and the dew freezes uh what do you call that or what'd you used to uh 503: we had a freeze last night. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh if uh if it's a cloudy cold day say in November you'd say well this is this is no good this is a what kind of day uh 503: kind of a cloudy day I #1 guess # Interviewer: #2 cloudy # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh and uh stuff that you don't want to drive through at night uh it's moisture that turns white and you can't see 503: that's uh fog. Interviewer: uh-huh and say it's uh real real foggy 503: yeah Interviewer: uh if you um if you got a a long spell of weather where they uh where you don't have any rain uh what 503: #1 it's a # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: dry spell yeah Interviewer: dry spell what would you have a couple of years without enough rain do they call that 503: well I I don't know remember that being that a way here course now we we think we'd get dry sometimes in the summer but uh this is more rain has fell uh this spring than I was known before in #1 my life. # Interviewer: #2 alright # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # really coming down 503: yeah Interviewer: and uh I wanted to ask you uh the other day have you uh uh you mentioned your uh children your grand children uh and is it your grandson who's in Greece right? 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh-huh 503: one of 'em Interviewer: and then you say you've been to Oklahoma uh have you ever 503: no I said that he was in Oklahoma once. Interviewer: oh he's coming back to Oklahoma 503: yeah I we think he will. #1 will # Interviewer: #2 I see # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # yeah have you ever been over there uh 503: no sir I never have Interviewer: have you uh traveled very much uh 503: not very much Interviewer: uh-huh and would you name any states that uh where you've been? 503: well I I never have been out of the United States. Interviewer: how about uh around Tennessee or 503: I I've been to Memphis and such as that and Interviewer: uh-huh ever been over to Arkansas? 503: no sir #1 no I # Interviewer: #2 okay # 503: never was never would ship over there I never did do much traveling around the country yet. Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever go down to Mississippi 503: #1 no sir # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh and uh uh ever go over to Nashville or any place 503: #1 well I've I've been to Nashville # Interviewer: #2 uh here in Tennessee # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh 503: I've been there a few times and I was at uh I can't think of the name of the place now we went through Nashville and uh my son was in the army and I can't think of the name of that place now to save my life anyway he was stationed up there on the other side of Nashville and uh my wife and daughter and myself went up there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and spent the night and uh his girlfriend at that time went with us. Interviewer: mm-hmm um so you uh must be you must be pretty happy here you you uh 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 you like to # 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 stay here and # 503: yeah I I'm alright {NW} #1 here # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: yes sir {NS} Interviewer: uh I wanted to uh you mentioned that you've got two children uh what do you call uh say your your uncles and your aunts and your cousins uh you call them your kin 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 your hogs # #1 your all of 'em # 503: #2 yes # yes Interviewer: yeah alright and uh they uh uh your family then would be y- uh you would be just your your wife and your children 503: yes sir Interviewer: but all of your relatives would #1 be your # 503: #2 yeah # #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 kin # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and what would you uh if you didn't respect uh a man very much if uh you know he was just just a drunk and things like that what what did you used to call that 503: well he's a he's a just a regular ol' drunkard. Interviewer: did you ever uh hear anybody call him a moocher? 503: yeah yeah we'd call 'em hoogies too. Interviewer: uh-huh is that right 503: yeah Interviewer: and that would mean that um 503: they was just kind of lowdown people that a way and Interviewer: alright 503: drank a whole lot. Interviewer: uh-huh that's a an interesting word isn't it 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # anything else uh that you used to call 'em you ever call 'em crackers or uh peckerwoods 503: no I I might have heard of it I never did call one that. Interviewer: uh-huh and how about colored people uh I suppose you have a colored man that's no good uh uh this call him a nigger is that 503: yeah Interviewer: alright 503: that nigger there gets drunk and drinks a whole lot and such as that. Interviewer: what if you have an old negro who's uh who you you really respect you know it's uh how do you refer to 503: well they they's uh they's a lot of good niggers and a lot of mean niggers. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: I'd say that Interviewer: and if if you uh talked to an older one how would you say would you ever call him #1 uncle or # 503: #2 yes # sir yeah we used to they used up that a way. and it mighty near kills me now to to hear a man calling miss and missus and yes and no sir and uh I always raised up for to call a old man mister and and uncle I mean uh uncle and uh auntie. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh um what do you think about the about calling 'em black people now 503: well I I just I just can't understand it. Interviewer: yeah well uh I'm not as old as you are and I I have trouble with it 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 too # 503: I imagine so. Interviewer: it's uh and uh anything else uh that uh that you you can think about uh here I wanted to ask you uh you mentioned you th- take this goozle hear it the other day you remember say you cut cut the goozle was #1 that right # 503: #2 yes sir # Interviewer: uh 503: yes cut the throat and um stick a knife down in there then and then to the heart bleed 'em out. Interviewer: now this is the goozle? 503: yes sir Interviewer: right here 503: yeah Interviewer: uh below the Adam's apple what did you used to call this uh this where the teeth 503: tushies Interviewer: tough I see and on people uh what did you call 503: that's that's called a tush too some people has tush Interviewer: and these these teeth #1 there # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: what do you call the pink stuff that's the teeth are up in? 503: gums Interviewer: uh-huh and uh did you used to call this uh the brow or 503: forehead what I always called it Interviewer: and uh if a man grew a lot of whiskers you'd say well he's got a big 503: yeah #1 big on the face # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh another thing I wanted to ask you if men used to sit around like this 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh and talk uh you'd say they're down on their what uh 503: down on their hunkers Interviewer: hunkering down alright this this part 503: yeah Interviewer: hunkers 503: yeah Interviewer: what's this part where you don't wanna get kicked 503: that's a shin Interviewer: that's a shin bone 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # huh and uh where you get arthritis uh in your 503: #1 get s- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: get stiff and sore Interviewer: in what parts of the body where you get 503: in your joints most of the time yeah Interviewer: and uh if a boy uh or goes like this you say he's raising his what 503: raising his fist up now he's ready to fight Interviewer: uh-huh both of 'em huh and uh uh this part of a man what's this part 503: chest Interviewer: chest of a man uh-huh and uh did you ever have any joking words for this stuff which I don't have much of 503: no I don't really ever had any joking words about it only man gets bolo we laugh at him then about that. #1 sometime # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh this these things 503: yes Interviewer: just your ears and um this part 503: lips Interviewer: uh-huh and the whole thing 503: mustache Interviewer: okay uh any words you remember for the mustache uh did you always call it just a mustache 503: I reckon so uh I think goatees grow down here. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: I believe that's where they is Interviewer: and uh this part of the hand 503: that's a palm Interviewer: uh-huh and uh this whole thing this whole 503: #1 that's your leg # Interviewer: #2 {D: thing and} # on yeah did you used to call it uh if you were mentioned you talk about a woman would you uh say her leg or her 503: limb Interviewer: her limb 503: limb Interviewer: alright that's uh people used to be uh real modest #1 didn't they they # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # #1 oh yeah a whole lot # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: more so than now Interviewer: yeah and if somebody got uh so that he couldn't hear you say well he's 503: he's getting deaf Interviewer: deaf uh-huh and well I uh I think uh I've asked you a lot of #1 questions # 503: #2 I # wanted to Interviewer: fine job 503: I wanted to tell you another thing that I forgot the other day uh up pig a gilt it's called a gilt before she's a sow she can be bred and she's still called a gilt until she's become the mother. #1 and then she's called a # Interviewer: #2 oh I see # 503: sow Interviewer: and then she's the sow 503: #1 yeah I just # Interviewer: #2 I s- # 503: I just happened to think about that and #1 uh I wanted to # Interviewer: #2 well I appreciate that # that uh 503: wanted to tell you about it. Interviewer: I've heard that word but I wasn't sure #1 it's that way now # 503: #2 yeah # now that's that's the way it is Interviewer: uh-huh alright sure anything else that you uh uh when I leave I'll think of another thousand things 503: well I I don't know Interviewer: they uh I or one thing uh when when you were young uh what states did you consider to be in the South here? uh what states uh would children be taught in other words uh Tennessee would be a southern state 503: yeah Interviewer: uh-huh 503: United States I reckon Interviewer: alright and uh which ones would be just the southern part of the country uh 503: well I I don't remember Interviewer: uh would Texas you think be a southern state 503: I would imagine so I don't #1 remember. # Interviewer: #2 some people # will uh some people think of Texas as being West you know and others as South {C: overlap} and uh the uh how about the war between the states uh did did people who used to say uh call it the war between the states or the civil war 503: well I don't uh I don't remember much about that either uh I never did had to go to war or nothing like that but uh everybody around here just speaks of the war going on you know and there's Interviewer: mm-hmm did they uh talk about the uh civil war or the war between the states 503: war between the #1 states mostly. # Interviewer: #2 states # uh-huh they um a lot of the f- uh interesting stories about that uh they're did you ever hear about Fort {D: Tower} up #1 up near Ripley uh # 503: #2 yeah yes # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: I guess they're gonna try to make that a state park 503: yeah Interviewer: um 503: I never have been down there I've been clo- pretty close to it but uh I didn't have time to go on down there that's that's how much going around I do. Interviewer: well this is uh I think you have got a good life here you've 503: #1 well I have I'm # Interviewer: #2 got a lot of friends # and uh 503: I've I've tried to camp a seven a way at have printed friends friends. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: put it sway friends worth more to you than a pile of George's old money. Interviewer: well that's right 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # um well I think you got a a lot of friends around town 503: oh there's another thing about I remember I think I remember you asking me to few days I mean the other day up there did I ever see my grandparents. #1 did you ask me that # Interviewer: #2 yes sir yes # sir I did 503: and I told you that I hadn't #1 well I I'd # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I have seen my grandmother on my mother's side. Interviewer: I see #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 and uh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: do you remember where she came from? uh 503: no I don't. Interviewer: #1 alright # 503: #2 I # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # sure don't Interviewer: uh-huh and uh she was on your mother's #1 side # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: yeah did she live around here or did 503: #1 she # Interviewer: #2 she # 503: Lived out there boars and fact of business we did with 'em several years. Interviewer: I see 503: uh I had two uncles on my mother's side and one of 'em was running a meat market down there and a grocery and the other one was out there with his mother and he he was mad and he he wanted to move town uh he his brother wanted him to come down to town with him and so we. 505: Um Did- we did hear this the other day that they used to be at our grandmother's farm Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 505: And we was born and raised there cross the road uh, on that farm {X} the Mr uh, Mr Roy Boyder owns it now {C: name} but Robinson at the time. My daddy used to rent from that highway back to this highway here. Used to have sharecroppers. Interviewer: Alright. 505: And we uh {X} But then uh thirteen {X} twelve years and my dad became ill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And my grandmother passed and we moved back here in nineteen thirty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And my daddy passed in thirty in April. And so I- I married then I {X} And then I lured away my mother and and Bill {NS} lived at the home still living at the home place. So he was married {X} and thirteen. and says I lived up there about thirty some years. And um then my husband passed {X} we had been married about twenty years. First husband. We owned the farm up there {X} {X} near cotton lake. {X}, we owned that farm had a street come across there through the farm because uh {X}. So {X} {D: and be there I lived there}, uh, thirty so- I been there thirty some years before I moved away. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Uh-huh. And after I moved away I, I married again {X} And then I stayed there until my husband passed and then I bought this house and move here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: So I been I move here in sixty-nine, I been here ever since sixty-nine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: My husband passed in sixty-eight and I And I {X} in sixty-eight Thirteen in November. And I moved down here on the thirteen of March in nineteen sixty-nine. And this used to be a, oh a a real subdivision around here and peoples just children and {X} when I was a kid. And thats a real good settlement. And that church there now that's a small church now the storm ripped it and tore it down but it's not When it's sunny you can hardly gets to seated because we had a large attendance. Interviewer: Mm. 505: And then this used to be a real- a real- a real thick, uh community. And they had uh I don't know, {D: school a large} and it was just. Now down round that church there used to stand {X}. But then we had the {X} there, they had the school, and it was just a nice Sunday. {X} I came to this school at that time and they have schools {X} like they have now. {X} {X} {NS} And just one school {X} and, and while we're here and that was about there and then the other one was up in {X}, all the schools about five to six miles apart some like four and five miles. And I have known the chairman {X} the school. And {X} time at {X}. The school the {X} {D: named} {X}. {D: Some of them}. So I think children has a good opportunity now. Most certainly did {D: when we's came in} {D: When we's} {X}- when we was growing up, we had to work part time, didn't go to school. But children don't have that to do no more. Interviewer: Yeah that's true. 505: {X}{NS} {X} And then when we {X} we had to stop and chop cotton and pick peas and things like that. Children don't have that to do now. I think that we are blessed- God had blessed us so much until, I think we have a lots to be thankful for. Interviewer: That's true. 505: But a heap of people don't realize God done ble- blessed us {X} and we still crying. So I think we should turn around and and thank God more, because he had done so much for us, and without him I don't think we can do nothing. So I think we should be proud and {X} people's places getting more close together {X} fall apart. Interviewer: {NS} Mm. 505: There's one thing about it when when- when you thank God for what he do for us. Do you know when, my father- I don't know how what year you quite young I know that- your father no doubt and my father {X} or your grandfather. They didn't know nobody giving no checks to nothing no social security nothing, they had to make it the best way they could. And here we are now {X} ain't got the sense enough to say thank you Lord. Ain't nobody get to you but God. He's the one that open the way and make a way for you. We wonder sometimes how we gonna make it, but if you just turn around look to God you ain't got nothing to worry about. {NS} Cuz everything {D: is in his hands} and he can do all things. Interviewer: True. 505: Mm-hmm. So I think we should be thankful. And be more, um, and be more loving towards each other. That's what we need. The world need more love. Interviewer: That sounds {NS}{X} now a days. 505: Yeah, I- I know it. The world need more love. I- I was telling the girl the other day she's telling me about she had lost her husband. I said yes uh, I said you haven't realized nothing yet. I said lived at home be thinking, and about a month now I said you going to feel like you threw it away. Interviewer: Mm. 505: So the day she was telling me she said, {X} {X} I said you got kids and the kids I- I lost all my kids when they young, but I raise up both sets of kids. But they grow and {X} gone. So after all I say yeah you can be alone, but you got- you got a good {X} if you just lean on him She said who and I said God {X} I say every time I get alone I can turn around and he got something to cheer me up. I said you gonna have some {X} {D: feel that}. I said now when you stay close to God won't nothing happen to you. He's here to keep you arm around you. Interviewer: That can be a very reassuring feeling. 505: Yeah. You- you know {X} you used to being around somebody? And you just take a little kid you used to being around that kid you take that kid out of the home. There's a vacant spot there. And um, what you gonna do now the one person that you mentor you know is gonna to be a big vacant spot {D: The years} {X} Don't ever give up. Always look to the hills. All your help come from {X} from the Lord. So while you going around doing this work I hope you have good success in it. And I hope you know- you somehow know you learning me some- some my neighborhood ever before. So may God bless you in your work. Interviewer: Well thank you. 505: Mm-hmm. Are you married? Interviewer: No I'm not. Still single. 505: Well I see you're nothing but a kid. Interviewer: {NW}Well I'm not that young I'm twenty-seven. 505: Yes I know you {X} a kid. I got a boy at thirty-two, uh, last boy-b-boy I raised. I ain't {X} tell you about your age now. I been here quite a while. And I hoping that traveling you'd be careful because sometime you meet nice people and sometime you don't. Interviewer: Ya that's true {NS}. {NS}{X} {NS} most of the people though that I've talked to who helped me with this project have been real nice folks though. Uh, real cooperative and- 505: That God blessing you. You know we should be nice to anybody don't care who come. One day I were here alone, well I live here alone my older boy stays here with me but then he {X} about two months ago. He come here {X}. And he was ready to because he come out of Memphis and come out there and stay with me a portion but he pay his share. Went to Memphis and came back with his clothes, and he passed about uh twenty minutes after he got in my house. Interviewer: {NS} Mm-hmm. 505: And uh he was talking about, why don't you travel. So you get {X} and I said to him I know {X}, how do you go, make up your mind and get up in the airplane and travel? I said you know you know when you won't take your medicine. He said God is up there just like he is down here so he'll take care of you up there as good as will down here, so all you gotta do is trust him. To me you ain't got enough faith girl {NW} {NW} I said {D: I saw them} {X} He said- I said to him I just, now just through a joke I said, {X} He said I ain't worried about it. And then, and I'm gonna tell you too but I never seen a person that die, as quick as you did and easy you did in my life not seen nothing quite compares Interviewer: Hmm. 505: But I was fixing to say I {X}, he had his fix because he {D: shouldn't do a thing} but just {X} Interviewer: And what was the matter with him exactly, do you know? 505: Yes, he had heart trouble. Interviewer: Oh I see. 505: Doctor uh {NS} {D: them overwork}. a qu- a quite a while, he kept, he had some nice, he got some nice kids. All his kids, he worked hard, him and his wife separated and get his kids, education {X}. They didn't go to no work and, two of them work and one, one in uh, in a, {X}, {X} one works in Memphis, Tennessee. And all the {X} do good in the work, and one the boys work at the post office, they got good education but, he was just he hadn't work hard and I said just {X}, work yourself down I try to bring the kids up. But all them have their education and they was really nice to their dad. I think he died the {X}. He be dead two months, {D: tomorrow}. And so he was just uh is just {X} Memphis. He was only {X} his mother said he grew up here about a mile from here. I went to his {X}. He just went and, {D: taking secretly our} {X} and walked on our side and fell dead. Interviewer: Mm. 505: So it's something we all gotta get used to. {X} {D: better get rid of it} cuz uh it's something you never get used to. You belong to church? Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Methodist. 505: Methodist? Nice Memphis {X}. That's my little church there now. Interviewer: What denomination is it? 505: Baptist. Interviewer: You said Baptist? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What's the name of that church? 505: Willow grove Covenant. Interviewer: Willow grove? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You've got uh, you've got a member- 505: All my life. Interviewer: All your life? 505: Mm I joined it when I was twelve years old, and I, if I, if I live a see twenty-ninth of August I'll be sixty-six. Interviewer: You're sixty-six years old? 505: I'll be sixty six {X} {D: I'm sixty-five now.} Interviewer: Sixty-five now. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Where, where do you say uh, what is your address? Is this part of Covington? {B} {B} {B}. 505: uh {B} {B}. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Mm. Well it's real pleasant out here. 505: Yes it's real pleasant. But you know this is about the coolest day we had in quite a while? Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Yes it is. And uh, we got the biggest rain now, {NS} Monday night we has here in quite a while. I don't know we got {X}. First day of the week got that big rain we hadn't had rain so it was dry, cross that little {X}. Interviewer: It sure is dry. 505: Yeah, it's dry. Now we got a, we got a rain, it stormed here Monday night. Interviewer: I think I think I was in Tupelo {NS} when they had a, had a real bad storm, lot of lighting you know 505: Yeah. Interviewer: and wind blowing hard. 505: Yeah And I heard about some parts that never {X} trees blowing down {X}. Interviewer: Right. 505: And uh I saw it on the T-V. That's why I saw it here. But I tell you what, my house raised up and {X} I thought once mine was gone. And we had a lots of {X} but it really did rain. Now last week they had {X} where I used to live, the lady told me it had rained down there, and had hail bigger than your thumb. Interviewer: Mm. 505: And she caught barrels of water. {X} {X} she catch water you know, to wash with and all like that she said, I said you got what? She said I'm gonna I said I {X} down here. She said uh-uh, I said {X} there's water standing in the middle down here {X} get ready. I said that's one thing I had to learn not to worry about things like that, things you {X}. You don't have no {X} do you? You just have to have faith and trust in God. She said, {D: dear Lord it's raining down now}. That's my neighbor when I live down there. Interviewer: Well what, what did uh {NS}, what did your husband do for a living? 505: Farm. Interviewer: He was a farmer? 505: I farmed all my life. {D: I work, public work}, uh uh, seventy-three and seventy-four the only time I ever did public work in my life. I farmed all my life. {NS} live here {X}. {X} {D: I'd applied there} was working at uh, Walmart's at that time, and my cousin did my applying. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I had five acres of cotton, three acres of corn and I had cows and {X}, {NS}. The beef they had uh all us, w-we, uh, three just sharing the place and working, know paying taxes. {NS} That's the way we do it. Interviewer: Alright. 505: Uh-huh. {X} he has {X} {D: for him but my brother had to plant because he} {X}. {D: He can't take that sun} {X} he just, {NS} {X} {NS} For months at the time {D: they ain't ever reached this} {X}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: And then some time in there I seen uh I seen a {X}, and {X} if he was the- I don't know he was used to {X} the other day he started peeling Interviewer: Hmm. 505: And then he'd break out and then he'd, he used to break out in those clothes on his head {X}, since it's {D: clear out the sun it don't do him quite as bad}. He gonna {D: look} {X} he get up in the morning, {X} And that's the way he is. That's part of his {D: truck, thats truck} {X} {D: he could drive} {X} home, {X} but he had to get it before the sun get hot {X} {X} {NW} Uh-huh {X} his cap, nice shaded face, and then sometimes nothing. When they don't do {X}, {D: corn field when that corn is uh} beginning to grow up you know getting on in here Mm-mm just like sometimes he go to garden it was raining, get vegetables, sometimes he can pick them sometimes he can't. Interviewer: I see. 505: There some that he allergic to. The doctor said that he had, he had hadn't been able to find {X} something he allergic to. But I don't believe it I just believe he got some kind of {X} when he {X}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: That's what I believe about it. Course he, first when he came home {X}, {X} the doctor {X}. {D: that had been} {X}. {X}, he inherited {X}. He can go ahead, go {X} {D: come through right here} {X}, some {X} last night. {X} see his eyes, just, swell up and {D: welped up}. And then little blisters come on his hand and water running out of them, so we took him in the hospital And then he stayed over there for long time, then he come back home {D: on May and told him} something to use I don't know what it was, but he used it, and it done him more good than it did in the hospital. So I just don't know {D: cause it funny that way} {X}. He work he don't {X}, I told him I say you got {X} {NS} I say you just get old {X}. {NW} He {X}. He said don't you {D: say that much as you} {X} I can't even {X} as much as you can. Now I got this {X}. {D: Let's be honest} it would've been good if we had {X}. And I picked snap beans {X} so there's more than I, I got a dish pan just about full of snap beans {X}. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: {X} dishpan English peas sure So I think this rain gonna get plants that looks a lot better, I know they been looking better. Interviewer: It hadn't rained for about six weeks when I went home ground was just dried up everywhere. 505: I know it. Interviewer: It's bad on farmers. 505: Yes, yes Lord. But you know? We have heard tell of places being just {X}, and I, and I'm sixty five I never know {X} now I know there been bad years here, {X} {D: banks} is in thirty-two. People didn't make enough, {X} {X} {D: taking care now don't argue with me about it}. We make much of nothing. But uh, {D: I haven't heard a ton of people} {X} that the crops are just {X} you know like that. I told them we got a lots to thank God for. We ain't never had just a {X} {D: dropped down on our head} {X}. {X}, and in time we get cows and thing but you can {X} {D: kill your horses have your meat} {D: your milk and butter} that's better than we doing now. Course since I got like I have I sold my {X} {D: I sold my} {X} and, and {X}. That {X} and {X} but I don't have it. After I had my eyes worked {X}, cause the doctor {X} got rid of. But I got in that big old hole {X} baby peas. We raised the, I raise the {X}. I don't, I don't work no crop I got, {X} patches of these peas, all kinds of snap beans and, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes {X}. Try to raise some of the {X}. {D: Good things}. {D: They is just so high}. {X} and greens, and I got greens in the garden. Everything in that garden that {X} I got them {D: tomatoes}. Interviewer: Alright. 505: Yeah {X}. Interviewer: So you got tomatoes? 505: Yeah. I got young tomatoes so if somebody, {X}. Interviewer: {NS} Do you ever raise those little kind of tomatoes? 505: Little plum tomatoes? Interviewer: Plum tomatoes? 505: No I haven't raised any of them {X} come up in my lawn every year. And I haven't raised any since then, you like those though plum tomatoes? Interviewer: they're, I like them. They're good, in salads you know? 505: Yeah Interviewer: Something like that. 505: Yeah No I haven't raised them since the {X}. Interviewer: You mentioned sweet potatoes- 505: Yes. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as yams? 505: Uh, {D: are regular yams} sweet potatoes? Interviewer: {D: Ya}. 505: Yeah They're just different kind, different names you know. Interviewer: {D: Mm-hmm}. 505: Yeah I got Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes too. I don't, I don't plant {D: them three or four year in row}. Now last year, that {X}, I had a pasture bigger than this here room, wider than this room. {NS} And and the and the and winter last winter so bad and you don't have a {NS} a {X} house that I {X} you don't, you lose some of them. {NW} So I, I could definitely {D: some in}, in my pressure cooker and peel them {X} and you getting ready to make your pies, you got nothing to do but go ahead and get them {X} make your pie {X} you wanna fix some young yams you got nothing to it. {D: Grow them up} and fix them like you want to. Interviewer: Alright. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well that's good. 505: It is. I cooked a tater pie, for the little young minister. That I- he just started preaching this year he really good I have to say. I do believe from with all my heart that I, {D: God} {X} to do with him cuz he got too much power. He, he was still a preacher, think he been preaching, ten or twelve years. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: That's real. And he just been a now I, I had raised him up too. He just been a peculiar kid all his life. {X} that little kid would be out jumping and playing around I mean he play a little but, {X} {NS}. But he's never won. I have tell you I'm not saying it because, he used to stay with me {X}, but he just, he's about as good as an old preacher {X}. {NS} He's in school now. He uh, came out a, nice {D: boy}. One day last week {X}, {D: we call him} but uh he's gone to, {NS} {D: Florida} Yes. He has a job there now he work there last year so, he- I think he's doing number one, and I think he's doing a wonderful job. {NS} And he's a nice young man, {D: just has twins}, and I think he doing a wonderful job. Interviewer: I'm sure he does, and you say he preaches, at this church down here? 505: Uh uh yeah, he uh, um {NS}{X} he um, you know. That was his home church all his life. Interviewer: Oh I see. 505: And he, he have a {D: rotates any other one} {NS} preach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} {NS}. Interviewer: Well that's interesting to find somebody who really has a gift for it like that. 505: Yeah {NS}. I have to say, he been a, he been a number one kid ever since he- he was quite small. Well he has uh double the family. His grandmother {X} and, and she {X}, his grandmother raise his, raised his mother because uh, her daughter pass when they were young and she raised them up. So the brought up in the church all their life but {NS}, they don't care for the church very much. Interviewer: Oh is that right? 505: {X}. {X} you can't get them to church. {NS}. Interviewer: I wonder why that is. 505: Well, there's something in the world of things for me to take sight of I guess I just don't get what. You know it's, it's like you got kids you can send kids to school but you, you can't make them learn can you? Interviewer: Well that's true. 505: No you can't all you can do, do your part. So that the way it is with the church you can, teach 'em and tell 'em but, you can't make 'em take a {X} {D: to get grown}. {NS} {X}, {X} to do a few things right, or they gonna tell you what to do. And that way I feel it is about church. {D: If you} bring a child up in the church and he get grown, he get out there you know the rule, {NS} {D: the role leads to} helping us now. You know some people like a wide rule, that's most the way they do it now. So that way {D: they a good peoples}. As they grew up as they get- I done get with the {X} things they like them things And they just keep going too far I say, before they decide to turn around. So that's the way I see it. What you think about it? Interviewer: That sounds, like it makes perfectly good sense to me. 505: Mm. Yeah the people young and lots of people around here talking about their children smoking dope. I got {D: trouble} but I can't make 'em mine. That's sad do you know? Interviewer: Sure is. 505: Yeah that's sad. I know a friend of mine's got a girl who just fourteen. She go to school, and her mother have to go to work cuz her and her husband separated. There's {X} that she'll come home, when she come home, her momma tell her not to leave {X}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: And that's them in there and then you know she is and then, just done got on the wrong road. And that's the {X}. Has you ever thought about your little Bible is {X} too? The past {D: begins true and true} {X}? Interviewer: Mm. 505: Has you ever read any the Bible? Interviewer: Oh yes. 505: Well the Bible- you know the Bible ain't no lie. They said God dead but I know he ain't {X} and maybe he's standing here now. {NW} Ain't nobody gonna never make me believe that. Do you believe it? Interviewer: What's that? 505: Do you believe God dead? Interviewer: Are you talking about the Bible? 505: Yeah, I'm asking you if he's dead {X} Interviewer: Oh! You said God is dead. 505: Yeah, I said {X}- Interviewer: Oh. 505: I said if he were dead me and you wouldn't be sitting here now. Interviewer: That's true. 505: I ain't never believe that. Someone was going around said uh, do you believe God dead? I said no! I says who let uh, uh who letting you breathe? I say well who woke you up this morning? Who brought you to sleep? I said uh-uh. I said who uh letting the sun shine and the stars and moon? I said who let the {D: cool breeze breathe on you}? I say you sit up here talk about God dead? I just tell you what I said I {X} telling right. I said whoever print, whoever put that out on there, I say I believe with all my heart he's alive. And I do. But don't you? Interviewer: Sure do. 505: Yes I do. Ain't nobody gonna make me believe God dead. Who woke me up this morning? Who give me air? Who give me knowledge and wisdom to do things I do? The life for trying to make a living. And you talk about God do you? No. Ain't no way. You wouldn't be able to drive your car up and down the road and go from one territory to another. And God dead {D: who- then who can}? You ain't got nothing to carry yourself on. You don't have no power, {D: the more} {X} give it. If he take away from you right now you can't even move. {NS}. Do you believe that? Interviewer: Sure do. 505: Yeah I do too. Interviewer: Well tell me about, tell me about your- your parents. Where- are they from- were they raised here in uh, {NW} county too? 505: Yes. Definitely- now I can't tell you definitely {X} and tell him about how, how my grand- now they used to live up when I told you we live up in thirteen? My grand dad, my um, my grandmother's brother, he had a home place up there, that she used to {X} clean to the highway. My grandmother did. And a {X} he lived up in that, {D: number one}, number thirteen district though this was number one at the time. And uh, Interviewer: Not that far away from Covington by the way. 505: It about six miles from Cov- Interviewer: Six miles, and what direction is that? 505: Uh if you go back to, h- how you come in, the {X} way? Interviewer: Right. 505: Come from the, uh, {X}? Interviewer: Right. 505: It just about six miles either way you take it. Interviewer: Is that- was that east or west of Covington or what? 505: Be east of Covington. Interviewer: East. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: So you were all- So, did you t- I can't remember if I asked you or not but, were you were born right out here in this area then? 505: Mm-hmm. And my grandmother, and my grandmother. Interviewer: Was that on your mother's side or your father's. 505: My father's side. She was um, she knew about {D: little as a slave}. And she used to sit down and tell me about- she used to tell us that {D: we won't}, her husband was born, {D: she know you like just like you sell holes and thing now people you sell holes and things} folks back then. Like you see old {X} he used to sell them and that's where he used {X} to tell me. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: My grandmother told me I tell you how I got mine. And she said um, just like {X}, her mother {X}. And she's young but they didn't get that {X} to come back she gotta hook it. And they had to work and push, and tow logs just like men. And {D: bun burst} sometime that had, {D: get beaten and get beat} {X}. You wanted to {X}. Ya th-th-they told her that she told me that she said uh, her her great aunt told her that she uh, {X} a snake, {D: that it called was a} {X}. And she stay so long {D: that its cold} {X} when it got {X}, that snake was here done wrapped around her so tight. But she got over it somehow {X} {D: call a- call a snake a} {X}. You done heard talk of those- Interviewer: I've heard of those. 505: {X}. they told me that's what it was in, in the zoo. And uh, the {X}, {D: said you had to go through} {X} {D: things right there.} That they tell you, you won't get no supper you ain't getting none And you had to take whatever they give. You know I looked at, routes {X} {D: why I had a many different mind}. Did you know we got {D: I'm gonna still tell you} do you know we got lots to be thankful for? Your race was in it just like mine. All the poor peoples had to suffer and do just what they get, but do you know? Do you know, I was thinking one day when a man he was preaching he said uh, who was done in the dark, will come to the light. That's true ain't it? That's what the Bible said. Interviewer: {D: How} we have to account for everything? 505: Yeah. And that's good. Do you know, if I do you what to you do you know I'm gonna have to pay for it if you do you what to me you gotta pay for it? And that's a good thing you know? Everybody gotta stand all by themselves. But I mean {X} still don't know about. Don't you think that's a good thing? I know it, I want {X} what you do and you want {X} what I do. Because the {X} knows just how much we can bear And he ain't gonna put no more than you can bear. So I think that's one. My grandmother said uh, my mother, mother, she was part Indian. And I never did know nothing about my mother's people. {X} one, one sister, {X} was dead when I was a bit larger enough to realize, you know, {D: one from the other}. But on my dad's side, it was a- it's a big- it was a big family. But they all about died out now but, {X} we don't even have an uncle on the dad's side {X} {D: living now}. They all done died. They used to be in California, {D: then my uncle Ben's} kid, they are- they is born and raised in California. They's in California, some is in uh, Oakland Oakland California {D: some in Santa Monica California}. Uh, some of 'em are in Chicago some in now I got {X} lot of peoples in St. Louis. on my daddy's side. It was the large family, on my daddy {X} but I don't know too much of. We was {D: witless}. And I don't know too much about my mother's side because uh they was old. Most passed off before I was large enough to know. But anyway we all was raised right here in Tipton County Interviewer: Yeah. 505: And my granddaddy-I'm gonna tell you this then I'll be through- Interviewer: {NW}{X}. 505: My granddaddy, {X}. Interviewer: Now is this your daddy's daddy or- 505: My daddy's daddy. And a man came through here and told me he was in trouble. {NW} {NW} {X} you know a cigar box that used to be larger than they are now. So he had that box sealed up and {X} money, and he's trying to get away from some {X} {X}. {X} take nobody like {X}- {D: and here um}, he uh, {D: at the time} my granddaddy some kind of way to put this money in his will, I never woulda did that. {X} {X}, without looking at it. And he live here {X} try to get back to {X} {D: on his shotgun}. And then the man {X} some kind of, {X}, when he got it out the way I thought well nothing. And he died away from home trying to find a new {X} shotgun. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: Mm-hmm. Yeah so that um, I said, this things is so much different because now people didn't realize {D: thing they had to do now} but it's so much going in. You had to look out and think for yourself. Interviewer: That's true 505: So yeah my daddy, my daddy's side the people at {X}, was a large family. Interviewer: Now, do you think your, your daddy's daddy was a- was he a farmer too? 505: Mm-hmm. Yes he {X}. So grandmother told me. Interviewer: And they're all from this area. 505: Mm-hmm. Uh, um uh, {D: they was uh}, I don't know where the grandmother married him and I just remember {D: a son that can tell you that but I can't}. But {X} {D: she raised up} {X}, Tipton County. She had a large- she had a large {X}. Interviewer: Did they have a- do you think they had a chance to go to school any? 505: No grandmother couldn't read. I don't know how about grandaddy. Grandmother couldn't read. But uh, you- she couldn't- you couldn't be the {X} but she- she- she couldn't read. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Mm. I don't know how- how about my granddaddy but I know my grandmas couldn't read. Interviewer: And you say, you just don't know about- 505: My daddy couldn't read too much. Interviewer: Mm. 505: He could sign his name or something like that, he couldn't read too much. Because {X} he was- he was the oldest one when they was bringing him up, the {X}, a big family you know just like they, {D: so just} {X} he didn't have time to go to school. Interviewer: You don't think he got too far in school? 505: No he had barely- barely could sign his name and, now he could {X} but he weren't too much on, reading like that. Interviewer: I see. Was there- Was there a little school house or something around here that, they might have gone to, part of the year? 505: Yes, somewhere around here they call it um, well they call it {D: garden} {X}. Somewhere down, down uh, {D: down the side of someone's house} {D: they know somebody on the other side that close the garden} {X} school. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: Yeah thats what I heard 'em {X} school {X}, I just hear them talk of it. Interviewer: Right. 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You think he might have gotten to third, fourth grade or something like- 505: I really- I really don't know, I don't think he got that high. It may be somewhere about the first or second grade- you know first and second grade they had been {X} now. Interviewer: What is that? 505: When you's {X}, {D: I is} {X}, the first and third had been the fifth and sixth now. Interviewer: Right, I see what you mean. 505: {NW} {X} {D: There's this kid now} in the sixth grade or something, cause {X} {D: I been out of school for forty something year} and asked me how to spell, {D: blueberry}. {NW} I {D: I said you need to be back in your primer} Interviewer: Mm. 505: Yeah some of you kids can't spell nothing man you'd be surprised {X} with some of these kids. {D: I got} out of school forty about forty-six year. {D: And some of them here} {X}. But I used to work, {X} had my eyes worked on but I don't no more. But I- I- I {X}- I- {X} a problem I can tell you write it, while you learning {X}. {D: Now you calling on them boys I said}, you go back to the {D: primer} cuz you don't know nothing. {NW} Interviewer: Wonder what- I wonder what, could be done about that to make it any better. I know exactly what you're talking about I visited, I just happened to uh, uh, sit in on a- it was just a P-E class you know, physical education class at the high school that I graduated from about, nine years ago, and I just couldn't believe it. It had changed so much, even from the time that, I was going to school. There was just no discipline anymore, and the- the teacher couldn't handle the students they did what they wanted to. 505: And that's um, Interviewer: It is, it's just you know, gone straight downhill. 505: What school did you uh, graduate from? Interviewer: I went to high school at {X} high school in Troy. 505: In Troy. And what part of Mississippi did you say you from? Interviewer: I'm from Alabama. 505: I meant Alabama. Interviewer: South Alabama. 505: {X}. Do you uh, do you- do you know about Vicksburg, Mississippi? Interviewer: Uh yes I do. 505: Do. I {X}. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Uh-huh. Yeah Vicksburg, Mississippi. Interviewer: I ju- I came to Covington from Tupelo, Mississippi as a matter of fact. 505: How far is Tupelo from um, Vicksburg? Interviewer: Oh let's see I guess it's about, what, a hundred and fifty miles something like that. 505: I don't know. I'm- I'm um- I'm trying to make up my mind to go {D: back to} Vicksburg. That's what I was trying to do next month, I {D: be there} {X} never mentioned, but I thought you maybe- Interviewer: You gonna go there for a visit? 505: Yeah she been a- she been- well I have to tell you when my husband was sick there was {X}. She {D: moved} over for me. And {X} she is. And she move from Chicago to Vicksburg and bought a home- buying a home there. Interviewer: Right. 505: And she want me be as there now I'm trying to make up my mind to go. Interviewer: Oh that might- you might be good {D: to go} out there, for a visit. 505: And uh she been to see me here when my husband was sick she uh, {X} my mailbox I could get {X} just like she's my daughter, she {X}. So she got her {X} since she got down there. And she wrote to us and say mama- she call me mama- say mama I don't {X}. I say girl {X}. I said don't worry about it. I said darling you are too young I sat down wrote her a letter and put on that {X} {D: chicken and} {D: he said} {X}. {NW} {X} {D: and says when she get here}, when she come home, she said mama I never {D: gonna be leaving}, {X} when we come home {X} boxes of {X} back home. Said {X} {D: all the one}. {X} {D: Lord help me, Lord is proved} {X}, Said I need to be {X} I'm sending you a {X}. She said {X} what, {X} I send you. I said well {D: we ever knew each other?} I said I got what I need to eat out here. My husband {D: didn't} {X}. I said well you can't {X} I said you had to pack So when she come home sometime the maid asked her one day, hey, what in this box} {X}? You ain't give a {X}. {NW} {X} she put it on her {X}. But yeah I tell she been a real nice- she been a real nice sweet girl to me. And there ain't nothing I is- I got in my pile I can do for her that I won't do. It's {X} think that's the way people should be. Interviewer: {X} Gotta help each other. 505: Yeah. So now, all these peoples over here work, the ladies at home today. Now they {X}. Now her husband was raised around here like I was but I'm older than he is. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Uh-huh, now that's still her home place over there, and they been staying here ever since I been {D: beating on them with a} {X}. But his mother dead, and he's one of the youngest one. {D: And then uh}, the {X} he died he {X}, in the {X} house {NS}. So his brother stay there now but she ain't there now {X} thought she come home today, she stayed back forth with her kids. I almost tell {X} come home about you. I wish he had been here {D: bet you got time in that tape}. {NW} Interviewer: {D: Wait} would your father farm? 505: {X} Yeah. He raised them, he had sharecroppers cause {X} is all up and down {X} over to the next road back here. {X}, three or four sharecroppers. And I weren't big enough to do nothing then. {D: but run around eat up everything I could get} {NS} {NS} And when he move down there and yeah I think I was five years old when he moved to thirteen. Interviewer: Mm. 505: And uh he stayed up there until, on {X} farm until he came and, till he got a, they said what's what's the year that papa got sick I believe it was {D: seventy-nine} I believe it's in twenty-seven. {D: he got down sick} And he never did. Got so he couldn't work what I mean. He'd go bob a little bit and bring in something like that but he uh, he didn't do no work. And he stayed sick until we moved down here in- in thirty. Yeah. Grandmother passed in twenty-nine he passed in thirty. And uh, there weren't nobody on the home {X} at the home place and so, he give up the place {X} renting and- and move back home, after she passed. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: Yeah my daddy {D: fall in love with his life} and, don't fool yourself we had to work. Now I won't tell you what I ain't never eat no better and I think I {X}. When my daddy fed us, he worked us while we- we- we {X} kids you ever seen and {X} but we had to work. And you know I'm glad of that. I'm glad they brought me up like that. To do that thing come to {X}. Because if you can get a {X} education you don't know how to do nothing you in a bad fix {X}. Interviewer: Yeah that's true. {D: Well} there's plenty of people who have just, uh, you know, all the education in the world, who {D: gotta} start, ya just out in the streets not doing much of anything. 505: That's what I know. Cuz he don't know nothing to do. And I think that's bad {D: to go to school cuz} {D: they left in school} Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Today {D: even}? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: June the first? 505: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Uh, it's um- {D: trying} like I's tell the boys that stayed here with me this kids that brought 'em up at school. And {X} the mother separated to got good education. And they came out here {X} and come out here, {NW} {X} {D: green}. I said what? {NW} How you pick greens? I said with your hand. {NW} {X} and I said boy, you know that greens are about like that just tall you know I said no no, I said, pick that leaf over there I said oh, don't pick- don't pick the greens there {X} I said that won't be so good {X}. I said {X}. {D: Will}! And I {X} picked about a bushel. And I come back he say you wanna go pick some more I say I ain't thinking about it. I said now I'm not your {X} {D: if you gain nothing that} time I'm sorry. Interviewer: Mm. 505: {X} right there when he come back that boy ain't move {X} um, {X} boy? {X} you be dead. {NW} {X} {D: I told you I didn't know how to do nothing}, and I said well because you been doing the summer school. I said you work hard and get money to go to {X} come back and go to school? {X} And then uh, that just hit the boy {X}, and the boys know how to work pretty good, but them girls don't know nothing. Interviewer: Mm. 505: Ask me how do you put up peaches Interviewer: How you do what? 505: How you can peaches. Interviewer: Oh. 505: I told him, I said you peel 'em and I said you going- got good ripe ones and I said you gonna put them in a container and, put sugar on them, put um- put some other layer then put in sugar then put it on top I said put in {X}, {D: even better than a}, {X}. {D: Do}! I said ya. {X} freezer. He said well how do you put the peas in there? I said {X} you get- you- you going p- you going put your peas and wash them good. Put them in a container and put them on the stove I said if you want to pre- precook them. I said then take them out and let them cool, and put them in your container {D: and I said but I don't know}, {D: a container} I said girl you know what? {D: She said what}? I said been having to {X} since {D: make up your mind}. I said when you put up {X} {D: that boy}, that's gonna take some of your {X} {D: right there}. I said you'd best {X} then put them in your container put it in freezer. And when you put in there I saw your {D: body} still back in that {X}. I told my homemaker that. She looked at me and miss {B}, why is it that you- I was a {X}- why is that you don't, pre-cook your food? I said Ms {B}, She says yeah I said may I ask you a question? She says yeah. I said when you put your peas in that water, and let them come to a boil, and take them out and put them in your container, and put them in your freezer, I said you still let 'em get cool. I said don't you know that water that your peas is cooked in I said do you know that's your {D: body}? She turn around like this and looked at me like this she said, yeah That's the way she said to me little lower yeah I said well if you washed that pea, just like you gonna cook it when you get out of {X} {D: your shirt}, and put them in your container, as soon as put them in that freezer I said as though {X} pea. She said uh-huh. I said that's why I don't pre-cook mine, that's the way I {X}. She said you gotta {X}, I said dear you don't know {X} that book is {X} just like the other day. I said you had to learn some things for yourself. And so, I asked I said Ms uh Ms {B} she's at the home demonstration. children was going to school {X} had them meeting different home demonstrating different things at home. That's where I learn how to strip down furniture, home demonstration meeting. She said uh, yes ma'am. I said we be uh- we been demonstrating {X}. Is it natural that you can uh, take a sweet potato, and cook it, take it off and let it cool, and peel it {X} and pack it in a container? I put the {X} freezer and it be just as good. I ain't never get it but I was {X}. She said yes Ms uh- uh Ms {X}. Said you can. I said well I was asking for information cause I was gonna try it {X}. {NW} She said- she said how do you how do you make {X} pie? I says I guess just like most others she said, may I ask you how much sugar you put in {X}, {X} than it is now? I says I adds one cup of sugar, three eggs, I said about, three-fourth cup of butter, I said and vanilla flavor, and another teaspoon- uh- flour. I said and uh a cup of milk {X} pie. She said that won't get me a {D: pan}. {X} I said I been cooking it ever- ever since I was twelve. {NW} She said you cook it a while. I says it just enough. {NW}- {X} {D: custard pans}. So one day they had them {D: string beans}, she said to my {D: mama}, I- says {X} she say yeah {D: So what makes you think} {X} cooking that pie? Says yes {D: I wanna cook a pie} {X} that's quickest thing you ever seen, but she don't like it. She say I hate that accent. He said- she said your accent {X} I said yeah {X}. So she went to the kitchen, she say who cooked this cake? So she do want to bake it. She said my God she gonna cook me a cake {D: came home with me I'm gonna eat that pie whole}. Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: Naw}, she could {X}- I was- I had {D: been out in the field picking some blackberries} I said {NS}. She said {NS} house so clean this morning, fresh air and said I gotta ask you a question first. I said yeah? What would you charge me to cook me a uh- a cake or a {X} pie? I said Ms {X} you been nice to me I said I wouldn't charge you nothing, and I said but, {X} making that {X}. {NS} I said {X}. She said no I wanna see you cook it. I done change {X} when I went- when I went and got some detergent, clean my hands, and mother had a fire in the stove, we had wood stove at the time because we didn't have gas and nothing electric like that. {X} my crust, rolled it out- She said, you make your own crust? I said yeah. She said I wanna sit here and make 'em I said come on. And we {D: added} straight flour I put that, put a little piece of, {D: Crisco over there} {X} like that and, {X} sugar, she said you putting sugar in? I said I'm gonna make it crisp {X} put them in the pan when I made a pie {X}. She said I can't believe my eyes. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: I said what happened? She said I've tried this and every time my crust built up, the pie {X} bottom, I said {X} you had you {X}. {NW} And so {X} she meet me on the street {X}. And I said that. She said you don't mind? You say- and I said no I says my {X} I don't mind. She said, I'm coming out to your house I know you got some {X} I bet you got that freezer food. I said I don't work like I used to {X}. She said I know what I {X}. She said but my daughter come out to your house she told me you had a freezer. She said mama said that thing is {X} {D: from here}. {X}, cause that's my husband's freezer. And then uh, it's old but, I'm gonna keep it long as I can because {X}, my- my- my son and- that two sons I had that's- they don't last too long. I said {X} {D: the pastors} {X} ten years ago keep it ya I'm going to keep it. And so she came on out there she looked at it and she said, if you {X}. {NW} I told her the kids coming home {X}. So it's good to kinda put your- try to raise some for yourself. Look out for yourself. When God give you five cents he give them to you, you would say yeah trying to look out for yourself. They tell me I worked too hard {X} ain't nobody but myself but- I got no kids {D: well who else going to work}? I kept working. I {X}. So I looks after myself. Interviewer: It's good to keep working, I like to keep busy. I- I- I like to be doing something, you know all the time, this summer I just can't stand to Sit around the, motel room or something like that I gotta read or- 505: Bless your heart. Interviewer: -doing something like that. 505: You don't hear many men say that your age child, keep that in your mind yeah. You know what? When you get up in age if you sit down there, some {X} {D: people need checks}, they sit right down there, I ain't gonna do nothing when I get my social security. That's the worst thing in the world you've had in your mind. Work until the day's done. Until you ain't able to work, you done then. You feel so much better. Do you know what my son tell me when I raise him when he thirty-three years old? Said mama you can get that {X}. I said I work, I said you get down here and get- bring your whiskey I said that {X} that's not gonna kill you. Interviewer: Mm. 505: That's a bad habit. {X} bad habit {X}. {X} try to break it. Interviewer: I never had any of that stuff. 505: Well uh I hope you don't get none. And that dope you got I hope you never look back at it. Interviewer: No no I'm not gonna fool with that. 505: Boy do you know what I got to tell you? Excuse me for calling you boy. I looked at a man, on the street one day, I know him. Uh, {X} {D: meeting like that}, and he done got grown and, gone to Chicago and come back. Honest to God I'm not lying I thought he was talking to somebody. And I'm looking for the people he talking to he stand there talking like me and you talking now. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: And may I tell you yeah I was scared. Yeah I was scared of him. And they put him in, some kind of home. Interviewer: Mm. 505: But right now they say you {D: can scarce come on him}, and I know a girl, taking them {X} like she's in some {D: news} {X} Nuh-uh I don't {X}- I don't- {X} I said what is this I'm smelling making me feel sick. And that boy said {X} smoking that dope. I said no it ain't {D: said yes it is} Say if you get {X} I bet you got a {X} I said what's that? I said but I smell it, and i- it smell awful to me. I don't see how they can stand it. Interviewer: I'm the same way even about smoking cigarettes uh, I just never saw the appeal there. 505: Well that's good. That's good. Interviewer: I meant to ask you about your mother. Did- I guess she helped out on the farm too? 505: Yeah Yeah you know what I'm- I'm gonna tell you, and tell you {X} the truth of my heart. I uh- I'm just praying to God that I can be the m- woman that I thought my mother was. I had a sweet mother. {X} {D: Our daddy} belongs to that church and he was a deacon in the church, and everybody {X} preaching Sunday, first and third but {X} preaching {X}. Our house {D: a big} {X} and she just stayed in that kitchen and {D: cook}, and set table after table. And I- I- I don't care what you do you know it's some peoples {D: in your life} but, but not everybody love my mama now. I thinks about this so much. And- and I ain't- I ain't never heard my mother and daddy cuss in my life. I hear papa call their horses a bastard or something like that, but just {X}, {X} mother and father {X} I never hear anything. I don't know nothing about no cuss word {X}. Cuss word I heard I got it from somebody else {X} my parents. I told them make sure you keep me pushing the truck do the best I can cause, my mom and dad were strict on us. Then- then my mama hooked me just as quick after I managed {X} she didn't care. And don't give her no back talk baby no no. If she tell you- I come home with my husband {X} spend the nigh one night me and him, my brother in-law was going in town {X} and I want to go. He- he just playing with me he- he, did {X} mama's crazed by it. He- he, he was just- he was a nice guy. He said aw you ain't going nowhere. I said that's what you said. He know I just had got two person {X} I fixing to {X}. He said you're gonna wait until {X}. {X} mama looked at me said what you doing? I said I'm fixing to go to town with him she said no you ain't. Now I was mad she say you say {X}, I said mama he {X} he told me he won't go {X}. I better not act like I was mad ya. No no I'm not playing with you I mean that. I went on back there I said you said I'm gonna go to town so now mama don't want me to go I said now you ain't going. He said I'll stay here with you. I said no you go ahead I won't. He said mama I was just playing with you {X}. I didn't never go in that kitchen making {X} bake that cake, cause she done told me no. And I was mad. And I'm sorry I {X}, {NW} {X}. And she, she- she was- she large. {X} she large and have darker hair, she stay sick a lot, {X}. Until {X} tomboy says so I a bit of tomboy {X} one girl {X}. {X}, what my brother did I can do it. I did everything a working man do {X}. Anything my brother did, I did it. And what they did- what I do in the house, they come right back they hit me back. That's the way we raised up. That they couldn't just like I can't. They can sew just like I can {X} piece {X} together. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Uh-huh. Yes sir. Interviewer: You don't find many people- 505: {X}. {NW} Until we got a plan. I said whoop him {X}, whoop him {X}. I said don't hurt him {X}. He's got that {X}{NW}. We had to {X} the rest of the class then {X}. {X} he made it through {X} that house that blast I had kicked him {D: to the floor}. {NW}. And she got him and he {D: book} {X}, {X} she threw that helmet like a {D: player}. And he come back {X} when did he slap her? that old lady got that book and tore him up. Interviewer: Mm. 505: Mm-hmm. Ya we- we had a good mom and dad but you had to mind. And that's what you need to do, you know it? Interviewer: Ya that's true. 505: Mm-hmm. I didn't know {X} where they was, that's why the waiting for 'em {D: them habits}. We didn't have everything we wanted all the time {X} nothing but from one year to another. When we came home sometime we have two and three hands. My daddy {X}- I'd be so mad {X}, {NS} {X}. Interviewer: Oh boy. 505: Ya. Interviewer: That's something. 505: Ya. I get tired being- aw you ain't tall enough I said I ain't gonna {X} you {X}. Mama y'all better get {X}{NS}. Didn't care what we eat, and {X} {D: such as these} {X}. And that's when I say I had, ya that's probably my mother and dad. {NS}{X} I hope they rest in their dead but I hope they're resting {X} God. Ya I had a w- {NS}{X} Ya I say uh, he work in Memphis. {NS}{X} I was proud of my mother and daddy, and {X} my grandmother. I had- I had- I had a wonderful family I got {X}. We didn't have nothing. We work hard as anybody. We never did own nothing {X} but we work hard. {D: A lot a lot}. {NS} Said no lie I'd tell you I just- I just pray to God they resting in his care, because they were good to me. And look like to me everybody, everybody {NS}{X}. {X} like to buy daddy's {X}. You know, just like, I wonder about that now sometime, and I thinks about it. Just like that {NS}{X}, and you really have, sufficient some {X}. You come to my daddy house he gonna share with you. And if he {D: remember} he gonna {X}. But {D: here he had a} {X} {D: to buy them}. We started get- where you going with that bucket. Longest thing we had in Miss- {X}{NS} get it. I hate to see anybody travel now {X} {D: work} but he tell us that time after time do you know? That put me in my- that put a- that put something in my mind. To always try to have some of your own. That what he was trying to learn us there. Work and try to have some of your own. And go when you ahead going no just a little bit because I, go to store and get it. And they growed up in me you know I did. And they tell me I give away everything I got, but you know what I would have? God always got some- {NS}{X}. That's why- I guess I got that from my mother and my daddy because he's just like that. Interviewer: Did your mother have a chance to go to school like your daddy? 505: No. but ma- my mama could read good. Mama- mama- my- my ma- mama {X}{NS}, and she could read about, words we couldn't spell {X} go to school. If she could take that Bible and read just like you- ya you, she ain't dumb like my daddy Interviewer: And, you said both your parents were born and raised right here {NS}{X}. 505: Well I about done talked out for ya today {NW} Interviewer: I hope not. You getting tired? {NW} 505: I talk- {NW} {NW} I talk more than I ever talked {D: before}{NW}. Interviewer: {NW}. What about uh, can I ask you what your fir- first husband did for a living? 505: farmed. Interviewer: He farmed? 505: Mm-hmm. He worked some public work too. He knows {X} {D: archive}, {D: river} {X} {D: old} {X}. My husband could build {X}. You know those bridges going to {X} going across that bay. That's the last public work he did he had worked on that bridge. He take it a year on that same year. And he never did was able to the more public work. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: He was born in Tipton county? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about his education? 505: He had a pretty good education. Interviewer: About how far along? 505: He's somewhere about people's sixth grade. Interviewer: Did I ask you what- uh how much you went to school? 505: Who me? I went to uh- I finished the uh- I start- stop in the eighth grade. Interviewer: Stopped in the eighth grade? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS}Your first husband, his last name and {X}, 505: {B} that's his last name {B} that's his first name. Interviewer: And what about your second husband? 505: He had a pretty good education he wanted he could read and write and, but he didn't have the s- somehow that {X}, about third or fourth grade {NS} his name was, uh, {B}. Interviewer: And he's from Tipton county too? 505: Ya he's from Tipton county too district number nine. {X} in Tipton county. Interviewer: Did he farm too? 505: Mm-hmm. That's all he ever did. {NW} Interviewer: {X}. I guess, do most the people in Tipton county still farm? 505: Ya, uh, some of them do now lots of them work public work. That boy there that be- that's {X}, {D: Jordan}, {D: Jordan} {X}, {X}. But they got that farm {X} they work daily. {NS}{X} he'd be in a big home he used to live in Chicago. And his brother down below him in that- that- that old- that house, they're from that house there. There they uh {X} their sister there {X}. She had never been married. She's uh, kind of handicapped. And uh, his brother live on the other side of her. His {X} {D: sardines}. His {X} wife {X} {D: are dead}. 505: And I- I- I said uh, who live here? And uh, I said {D: Sydney} who live here? That's my cou- first cousin. He said baby I don't know who move there. {NS} {NS} When Where you {X} Someone to come in your house and introducing you and I I said I said no I wouldn't. I said I ain't ever like the city. He tried to get me after my husband passed come live with him. He got his own home in St. Louis I said but I don't {X} Interviewer: Mm. 505: I said I just done and got it {X}{NS} I said naw {D: and then you've feel} {X} I said I don't care for it. {D: Then} he say you would like that {D: view} though. If you hadn't been staying here a while I said but I it done got kind of rough and nasty that's what I said. Friend of mine came up there and called we went down there. Visiting a friend from here. Had to go down to {D: Betty called it} a tin cup ally It a street but that's the name of it. And they ain't womens there's laying out there drunk and staggering down there and cussing. I said my god take me out of here. Interviewer: Mm. 505: I said uh-uh. He said well we- we ain't going because it he said, turn here and go up the street. He said this the Wall street down in {D: St. Louis Missouri} I said {NS}{X} but I said a woman drunk, I said it hurt it hurts me cause I'm a woman myself. He said down there, he said you said that they were so pitiful? I said it's a pitiful time. I said I fear some for them cuz I fear some for the city I don't think I like the city Now if you was raised and young {D: If I was raised in the city} when I young like you? {NS}{X} You got me a good job and got {D: all to the top} but now you gonna tell {X} and, and gotta stay locked up in the house all day They've never they they front door fastened and scared to leave it open. Interviewer: Mm. 505: And then they {X} sitting there I said, who is out that in garden? This garden Go down back of his house like just back of the house like this back of the house. {X}{NS} that road. {X} just {X} I said them people's moving And he was picking strawberry he said what'd you say? I said them people's moving? He said I bet you that's somebody stealing that thing You know what he do? Interviewer: What's that? 505: Went back and come over that house and there was that truck {X}. See if there's one {X} but there isn't then well that's some- that was somebody break in and getting stuff. Interviewer: Oh. 505: And he just {X}{NS} right after that. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: He had something look what it was I don't know. He said right here and so when the man come he asked me said, I sure thank you for telling me somebody moving And I tell you cause somebody moving and I said I didn't mean to run my mouth He said he, no everybody don't know me. I said I just thought you are somebody moving. {X} and they come home come home, and when he went back {NW}, they had to move him and he had a {X}. But the man with the {X} when he come back he, see about somebody done broke the {X} {X} women. They got one of the television and one {X} and I reckon they seen him coming they know got best they could. Unfastened the back door and then he had to go in there. Call my cousin and she had the keys to the house to come fix the {NS}{X}. It was {X}, cause I didn't do {X} country don't fool yourself. And when I was working, when I {D: risk them} how I used to {X} But I use a little trouble now, unless you break in. And now when I carry the little girl home that stay with in old time, and then I got back, I had I went and had about of rows two three months {X} but I had any {X}. But they have me out {X} the most. So one night, I was working hard chopping cotton, a big car pull in between them two trees Said I don't know how he got that so good cause I been scared try to get my gun. And I hear {D: the drum} of police, and I was sleeping tired and I had {X} just like I did now. And uh, he woke me up hard cause he struck me about there they do it there all the time. he thought it was good but now I never know {X} two peoples is not a lot. And uh, car was parked up there. And he is {D: held my feet I's} jumped there and popped the light on when I pop my light on he popped his on. {NS}{D: There was people going around the building} pretending to sell rose but they was uh, they robbed your homes and come in your home taking things. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: And now I here by myself. And this {X}. {D: There was a ticket} I come back but when I put a light on he put his on. I come back look {X} at my door. {NW} {NS}{X} And I- I- I left my {X}. He like {X} that used to be, {NS} he have trees on them now {D: he didn't have to rip them trees} {X}. {NW} I {X} I was gonna {X} to pieces again cause I didn't know what it mean. He had a {X}. And the railroad there that time and it almost {X}. And he got there. {X} you ain't scared and I said ya. I used to be scared but I'm scared now got too much {X}. People breaking into your home now and you here. It don't make no difference. {D: Booking} old ladies and raped and kill and take their money. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: People used to get on with it you know? Interviewer: Some of them are. 505: That's what I'm talking about. That- that- that was dirty in here. {NS} Excuse me a minute Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 505: #2 please. # {NS} {X} Is this in your community? Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 505: Did it fall in that- in the part {X}? Interviewer: They do, it'd be {D: cropped} down there with the peanuts. Ya. 505: I bet- I bet- I bet that that's {D: pretty}. {X} got some {D: plant}. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Ya. {NS} {NS}{X} that you been through {X} good. I- I- I imagine they raise them for the the {X} Interviewer: Ya you see them coming to town and- and lining up and down there at the right at the peanut mill you know? 505: Ya. Interviewer: {X}. {X} one of them raise- 505: I heard they can get {X} from peanuts too. They ought to. Interviewer: I'm not sure what it is now but I would 505: #1 But you know, # Interviewer: #2 think so # 505: {NS}{X}. {D: It is risky}, and your condescending {X} that I've ever known in my life. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Mm-hmm and {X}, cotton {D: the first} {X}. Interviewer: Ya. 505: {X} daddy {X} he used to {X} plant peanuts that I used to get so tired of digging. We- we just raised them for the, {X}. Interviewer: Right. 505: We just raised them for the market {X}. Papa gave them away as well. {X}. They don't raise nothing like sweet potatoes nothing like that {X} in your community? Interviewer: Uh, yup. The- 505: Such little things like that like the {D: home use} Interviewer: #1 Right right. # 505: #2 something like that. # {X} uh raise my {NS} {NS}sweet potato {NS}{X} and pea patches and {D: market} patches {X}, {D: Johnny Hopper}. But here is um, market patch I used to take him to this market patch all the time. {D: Boy and you turn up} {X} you talking about the mazes in {X} last year. He ate everything last year. I don't know how- he got to {X}. Interviewer: {D: Is that a fact?} 505: Mm-hmm and I know these tomatoes fully young- young tomatoes. They're about, {X}. Cause you ain't good you, {X} potato patch with my brother and I and, {X} {NS}{X}. He come in here with his {X}. I don't know about I wanna do this but you, and you can tell {X} for you. I know you can {X} like a {X} {D: and a small blade}. Interviewer: {NW} 505: So I {X} that {X}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: And he- he gonna have um, a swell market place. He raise egg plants, {NS} and more pepper than I've seen in my life in one place he had last year. Bell pepper hot pepper, banana pepper {X} {D: with that} kind of pepper, egg plants, squash, cucumbers, and uh, what do you call that little thing I forget that little thing that he call that {X}. He had um, snap beans butter beans, and greens good {D: greens are like that} {D: I already grown and} {X}. He had greens and {X} {X} It might be {X} Interviewer: Mm. 505: Ya he- he- he- he got {X}. He {D: bought it}, {X}. He- he really has a nice tru- He- he can't hit them that good. Interviewer: Just, just good at that sort of thing then. 505: Ya uh ya and uh he- he- he has a job too. At that time he was the, worked over at uh, {NS} {X}? But he said it got so rough where he had been working now {D: a year I said give it up}. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: He said only go out sometime {D: ain't nobody} gonna come back {X}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: He told me. {D: Night} is too short now for something like that. he works there I think that's some place you {X} now. Cause he really has the market- he got a nice market patch now. Interviewer: Are you a member of any kind of church group, or any kind of clubs or anything like that? 505: Oh we have uh, yes we have missionary {X} all like that missionary. Interviewer: You got a missionary society? 505: Missionary {X}. Church and {X}, goes to Sunday school. I used to go to all of them {X}. {D: Different}, and I'm, a member of my choir. And all like that I goes like that. I used to be the secretary {X} some of the younger kids. Ya I worked in my church hard. All of my life I like that. Now I sang- you sang in a group but I sang in the cho- in the chorus now but I don't sing in the group. Since I got, by myself I don't have no transportation, making the group go. So that girls called me the other day, they thought I would sing. Some of them, {X} I said no. I said never will I give up some of my {X}. {X} remember that. The ladies keeps {X} {D: while I sang a lot}. Then that old too. Voice gone. {D: It's hard} {X}, {D: as, um} {D: the other night} {X} {X}? {NS} She {X}. So they sold {D: beers}. {X} my house? Ya she be {X}. {X}. That's all yours. I said dear Lord I do something for yourself. I said now I'm gonna be gone one day and you gonna need to know. And, you gonna be at least {X}. I suppose some of the young folks {X}. I said I been doing this ever since I {D: have a body}. Three years old. I said now, if you start at home if you make a mistake be at home. I said {X} and do it yourself. You gonna make it work {D: and I said no}. Guess {D: we never gonna stay until Monday}. That's what you got to school for. You sure tell them something {X} that's why they get it all day. {NW}. Interviewer: Tell me about- tell me something about the house that you were born in. What it looked like, and what the- 505: Well, the house I was born in was a log house, and it had um, {D: boxed in}, {X}, where I was born. And then had the kitchen was a large room. And the air room was a large room and it had, a porch from one end to the other. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Uh huh. Interviewer: All the way across the front? 505: Uh huh. It had um, on the air room in the back never had a {X}. Back porch um, I been somewhere about six, about six or seven feet, as you go out the, kitchen {X}, kitchen back there. And we had a well, a really big barn, and then we had another hay barn made out of logs. Interviewer: How long did you live in that house? 505: I live in um, {X}. {X}. Uh when we left that house I, I was uh five years old. We didn't live there too long on that side. My daddy see them uh, saw our neighbors growing you know older than I was cause I was the ba- I'm the baby of the family. And they um, {X} how old {D: Si} was when we left there. He's in his teens I know. My sister she- she's {D: there} too. {X}. She die she seventy-one. She die in seventy, {D: actually} seventy-one. Sixty-nine or seventy-one, just remember that. But anyway, now she was my half sister cause my daddy had been married before he married my mother, and my mother had been married and just like I married and my husband died that's {D: the way they did}. She- he lost his wife, and my mother lost her husband they married. And uh, sister was my half sister but I didn't know the different {X}. She- she can just like, couldn't love her no more she had been my whole sister. And I had- my mother had a boy, who was my half brother. And he just {D: passed here}, here at seventy-four? Ya {D: Joe} died in seventy-four. And he was uh, he was {D: eighty-four}. And so she had a child and he had a child and uh then he had some more {D: kids}, sisters and brothers. And mother raised all of them kids up and, {D: looked right at me and I said} {X}. We all had to do the same. Then that, our sisters {D: always brother's} {X} I got you know large enough to {D: relax} {X} but they would come back, that {X} home you know? And all of them, {X} say {D: I never would be no cow}. All of them {X} played with me you know? And still make me think I was about grown as they was but, I always wanted to be the baby so I could {X} {D: ain't come back}. {NW}. That's uh- I tell you ya I, I had- I had a- I had {D: a loving couple of brothers and sisters}. Ya after I got- now I'm gonna tell you this, after I got, when I got nine, when I got eight years old, I had a whole {X} every day. {D: Chocolate} like I do now {D: cause} I got ten. I was a washer {D: and that} at the home and we had washer on a scrub board, my mother would wash them white clothes, if she won't {X} washer. And they better be clean. {X} {D: and you don't know anything} about that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Mm-mm. See that happen when I come {D: on}. Them clothes be just snow white, washed them clothes I had and then I had to go get- get that {D: ranching} bar and {D: ranch them} till nothin- wash them {X}. Hell they better be clean. And I have to tell you my mother used to fix {X} I been fixing {X} since I was twelve years old. {D: Let's know what it} I know you can do if you try. Now I- I can cook but I- I- you know I gonna tell you no {X} I don't think I {D: contest} with my mother. Everybody says she's the cooking-est women he ever been around. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Uh-huh I ain't saying it cause she my mama. My mama- you know your mama's {X} taste better than anybody's in here, {D: to me you do}. Interviewer: That's true. 505: Uh-huh. My mama just could cook, she could cook most any common thing {X}. She used to work around white people you know? Um, back {X} washing and cooking doing for them, she could cook most anything. She raised up, her sister's child up. She just died year before last. But she died, she's eighty, a normal age {D: up}. Now that was my next mama after mother died. Mother died, my mother died in forty. And my daddy died in, in thirty. And mama raised up {D: at me}, day after mama died she, she {X} and I had to tend to her and, {X} I want to. She {X} goes out the back door. {X}, with a tub of clothes, {X}, I think that the {D: basin} {X}. And it knocked her down and, {D: broke her shoulder but} {X}. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: But she seemed to like {X} she seemed like no {X}. She called me and {X}. {D: They didn't} {X} {D: by themself} like I did {X} you said get {X}. So she stayed in the {X}. I had been at the hospital two months with my eyes. And my right eye {D: start} {X} three nights {X}. She uh didn't realize what she'd done and kept on {X} and, she'd get me out of bed and I was, I don't know I just overdid it. The doctor told me said man your eyes, {X}. {X}. She said you gotta pinch the nerves {X} you stayed there too long. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: {D: So he thought that}, I can see out of {X} it feel like something in it sometime. He says theres a pinched nerve in there. But she {D: paged} in the hospital. She never did get that phone number. She was old so didn't have no {X} and {X} and all that. {D: Walkways from- from the door}, and that door hit her and {X}, and just tripping and she fell, on her shoulder. Broke that shoulder {D: all up in there}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: She never did {D: get up}. Ya she was raised, my mama and daddy raised her. She {X} mama and papa. Interviewer: Well tell me about this house that you're living in now. You got uh, what a- what about the room that we're sitting in now what do you call that? 505: Uh this just- I don't have a two bedrooms, and the back room's the {D: tele room}. This the kitchen. Don't {D: look at it's nasty I just cleaned it}. {NW} {X} I don't mind you going through {D: up here}. {NW}. {X} I been gone all morning. {X} and everything {D: in there.} And uh, that's the bedroom, this the bedroom {X}. And the {X}. And this be the living room, {X} my rooms are too small {D: or too big as that.} Interviewer: Oh I see. 505: Uh-huh. And I- that- that was the back porch then this is the kitchen. And um, there was the back porch back there and I had {X}, into a {D: tele room} since I been here. Uh-huh. I had that- I had that {X} on here since I been here. See- see but, {D: people} {X}? Well now it's a back porch. The man {D: wouldn't take a piece out} cause that piece gonna {X} in the house {X}. Interviewer: {X} 505: He said if I take that out I make it {X} {X} be sitting on the back {D: you know whoever be}. Interviewer: Right. 505: And I had this {X}. They ain't that nice but i- when you're by yourself and you can't do it but that's all you can do. Interviewer: {NW} 505: You see my {D: bean and potato I pick this month}? Interviewer: Oh well you have been organizing. 505: Ya I pick uh- I pick them greens this {D: morning}. And I pick uh- the {X} I pick them snap beans. And I wash them beans too cause I {X} cook them greens. And I get ready to {X}. {X}. {D: To me there's} {X} sometime a day. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: And that tomorrow {D: we will}. {NS} Interviewer: How long you say you've been living in this house? 505: Uh I been here- I be here now- I be here- been here eight years going on nine it be nine years {D: of thirteen of this in coming March}. Interviewer: Nine years? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is this- Is this uh- guy right there in this picture, is that one of your husbands or- 505: No that's a preacher {X}. {NS} Mm, {D: I kinda can't recall} his name. He preach at the {D: son of} {X} in Memphis. {B}. Mm-hmm {X} {B}. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: A he- he- he used to {X} and I fix super for him at night and he give me that photograph. Interviewer: I see. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Tell me have you traveled around Mississippi very much? #1 {D: Down in} # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Tennessee? 505: I traveled all- uh a good bit in uh- Tennessee but not too far {D: out}. I been, I been uh- {X}, and um, {X} Kentucky and getting places like that and, ain't never been to Nashville don't {X} {D: ain't ever} been there. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Uh huh. I had a {D: friend} there about three miles {X}. {D: But their so bad neighborhood got that} I didn't go. And my niece go to school in Nashville now. And my niece was here yesterday and she said she couldn't live with the {X}. But I have never been to Nashville. They tell me it's a pretty place. Interviewer: I've never been to Nashville either. 505: So you haven't? Interviewer: Sure haven't. 505: And uh- {X} and {X} and {X} and- and uh- oh. What is the name of the place used to be um- mm, I played it on a station {X}. {X} gas station here? {D: I said naw} {X} I got chance to go, {X} gas station. But we had a {X}. I been all over places like that and- {X} and and um past Tennessee {D: and them place} to travel like that. And I used to live on {D: o-one of} {X}. I've been to {D: I've- I've been to the} {X} places and all like that. And I've been to {D: Pittsburgh}. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Mm-hmm. I said- I've been to someplace but I- I just said {X} like traveling if I had a chance. My husband, {D: turned to me and said}, you wanna go see {X} wanna go see {X} I said {X}. He said, you just {D: bought} your coat I get your suitcase and get your {X}. I said hell no. He said but you better stay at home. {NW} And um, believe it or not I had it, I made up my mind to go this year. And that boy died. He- he came from his son in uh- in uh- Omaha, Nebraska, and he had been here three weeks, and he and my brother had done told me some we gonna buy you a suitcase. And he said I'm not {D: standing here and then come back} {X} we gonna get you {X} as soon as you go and {X}. You ain't going {D: around} {X} {NW} He said I should just {X} thats all you gonna do. I said I ain't staying I said I'm going. And he passed even before I got the chance {D: to}. {X}. I had money to go but they was {X}. {D: They don't} {X} I was gonna tell you. And I {X}. But now I don't know when you got a house to see after nobody there {X} works the whole time, {D: sorry} he ain't no {X}. Uh he was {X} {D: not that} {X} to worry about but- but, {D: can't got some of those} chicken out of that {X}. {D: They been thinking} {X}. So {D: Si} she come in she had twelve {D: peas} and she matched them down to seven. No I glad she ain't got no more because she too big in her {X}, {X} I get rid of when she, {X}. {X} {D: see I sold her shoes}. And I {X} together cause they were together a lot, and she got too fat. You can get them too fat with them, hit her with peas like that they won't do too good, and lay on you know too lazy to get up. So she got {D: to sit with them} {X}. {X}. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: He got some fine {X}. He got some fine {D: black guy}. He sold them down last year {X} don't work them too hard. {X} their age- your age you're working too hard. You go and stop us you thought you old but, you just like that {X}. Well you work yourself to death that's what you've done. {X} you is trying to kill yourself. {NW} {D: Dear Lord} {X}. I said you {D: better be} get down {X} somebody gotta do. {X} good {X}. He think he {X} {D: better now that} {X}. Don't fool yourself. Both of them {X} but that's my dad and brother too. Ya he- he go see {D: back what I needed} {X} if- if he living. If he got a {X} he come up like that just like two twins. His wife {D: tell him} {X}, because, {D: is all} {X} I know you {X}. You know what she gonna {X}, {D: I ain't seen her}! You know what she gonna do to {X} cause boy {X}. {NW} But we come up like that. We come up together and he used to {D: be}. When we is coming up children you know {D: they and someone} would be {X}. {D: They jump on} {X}. Now I take that little child and I tie him up. Mama say I was the meanest thing when I was coming {X}. {NS}{NW} Come in house one day, {D: little white boy} {X} crying. {D: Ain't bad}. Mama said, {D: the name Elizabeth} but everybody call him {X}. Uh-huh. {X} he would {X} he have a great big {X}. I try to march {X} up his head. I said to him I said, {D: Frank}, I still push {X}. What you gonna do about it? I said I wouldn't ask no one {D: to bind} you. I said you li- lis- listen your mother didn't- {X} didn't raise you to act like that. I say you {D: either} {X}. He said, {X}. {NS} I got that {X} child and locked him out. {NW}. Ya I did! I lock him out! {X}! {NW} I said you don't call me no {D: dog}. I say we {X} I say I break your leg. So you don't call me no {D: dog}. I say I never call you {X} name I said you better not {D: call me on} mine. I say ya {D: I don't care} {X}- I say {X}. I said you don't call me no dog {X}. I say I call you Frank and you call me {X}. He {D: done gone good} and tell everybody I said you better not. He said I is going {X}. {NW} {X} I said I {X} cause he was a {D: devil}. {NW} So {X}, {X} one day, {D: and that} boy he told the boys, they said {X}. I was like get your {X}. I said {X}. We all play {X} play ball. He say {X}. I said he {D: don't I will}. I {X} {D: be a good boy} {X}, and {X} {D: them} crazy. {NW} What was it you r- you really thought you say oh {X}. I said oh no mama. I said you ain't never {X} pick a fight in my life. {NS} I- {D: he said} mama he hit me. but was it right of you to hit him back? I hit him. Ya. {X} he cut me off. I hit him. {X} you better learn how to fight for yourself. But don't think that should {X}. And Lord she did not {D: breathe a thing}. {X}- my mama had jumped on {D: Bill}, there'd be a fight. Ya I fight for her. {D: Fight for a minute}. {D: You know} I said you do that {X} I said well I- I {X} I said but I won't {X} I'm gonna tell you right now. I say {D: you is life}. But I say you try it. {NW} She said {D: you fool you}. {NW} No I been- I been {X} because that's something I don't do now. I don't care what {X}. But they {X} who was atheists. I don't like that {X}. {X} {D: like if I done mine}. That's right. If I didn't see someone {D: helping you} I'd do that. But I definitely gonna tell you this and {X} that's wrong. That's the worst thing you do in life. I seen a man got killed like that you know. He thought another man was going through the wrong farm, {X}. You get in trouble like that. I don't care what my {X} do, they gonna see the moment {X}. Now bet me on my life. Uh-uh. I love {D: Bill} but {X}. {D: I know I like} dang right. Interviewer: Ya he is better about that. 505: No no! He- he- {X} and you know what? {D: It very} {X} loving that {X} in you. And I don't see it work out? No. Mama just teach us that don't never {D: tattle}. And that's a good {D: idea}. She said have you see some going out with- I see someone going out with you. And I thought it was going to happen to you. I come up- What you's- What'd you tell me your name is? Interviewer: Mark. 505: Mark, I says uh, you be careful out there {X} you watch. {D: And if} they go tell you {X} so I'm gonna tell ya. Some say mm-mm. You find out for yourself that's the best {D: it is}. Interviewer: Is tattling about things and gossiping about things the same thing? 505: I don't- I- I- I- I don't see no different in it. Do you? Interviewer: I don't know it seems like to me it's uh- 505: But what you mean by {X} just like if I come and, tell you something that somebody said {D: then} I get the- get the next person {X} {D: unbiased to me}. Interviewer: Something like that or, I guess I always think of tattling as something that little kids would do you know? #1 {X} # 505: #2 Ya. # Interviewer: I don't know maybe your brother did something he wasn't supposed to and you go run and tell your mother. 505: Mm- uh-huh. Interviewer: And gossiping, it seems to be more of a thing that adults do you know grown ups. 505: Ya. And uh, do you notice that {X} grown ups just act like that too? {D: That's right.} But uh- uh I think {X} place, is a thing that I think a person shouldn't do. Gossiping and, you know just like if me and you sitting here talking now, I tell you, my brother sure is bad. {D: And they do to me}, do you know you- don't you know I know, {D: though} I know I'm lying? Now that's gossiping. Telling something you shouldn't, and trying to make it sound bad and, that ain't too good. Interviewer: Mm. 505: Like, one day {D: Rosa} come over and she played with me, little white girl. She says uh {X}. I said uh-huh? {D: Laura says come over there}. She loved to play with me cause I used to keep {X}. I said, I'm over here and I said- I said {D: mom}, if mom {X} tell you. She's {X} she just said- I said- {NW} I said who cares! I said you {X}, {X}. I said who care this time {D: I'll tell you). {X} {D: there's say} {X} {D: Rosa think you gonna whoop her}. {D: I love me} {X}. I said okay. I said keep that in your {X} how long you just {X}. Very long time {D: mom}. {NW} {NW} Those was a mess {X}. Interviewer: {X} 505: She a sweet little kid though doesn't {D: mean no}. {D: Don't care}- where she's growing up in Christmas time, her mama got her {X} {D: someone get me} {X}. And there's this little boy, oh he about this tall now, he the baby, {X} he didn't want to get us a Christmas present. What we gonna give {D: back to} {X}? {NW} I- uh- he said why you {X} {D: money}? Get {X} money, you working. {D: I already} tell his dad. So {D: I bought} {X} someday {X}, wrapped all them together. I said to the Smith family, Happy Christmas. {D: I is in there}, uh- Merry Christmas and a Happy new Years {X}. {D: I said it} {X}. Said ya, said that you brought me here {X}. {D: who going with} me. Mama {D: gonna}. {X} {D: all hours} {X} mama go. {X} the nicest person. {D: I will give him} {X}, I had to {X}. {X}, that she give to me as a Christmas present. {NW} So he kept them over here. He said {D: what that} {X}? And I says I'm working on my {D: sauce}. What kind of {D: sauce}? I said well I don't {D: care} my own. Did mama {X}? {D: Little boy} {X} to care. I said well I care about {D: home} {X}. What did you put in there? And I said black pepper, salt, I said {X} pepper and sage. {X} do {X} good. {X}. I say, well maybe if you be a good baby I say maybe I get you some for Christmas that's {X}. That {X}. I had to give it to him. He came to {D: thank} {X}. I said but you have to give mother and daddy {D: and those} {X}. {D: I don't care}. He got ready to go home and I fixed a little package, put that in a {D: purse that what you do}. He said I see ya. {NW} I said okay. {D: Parents} had told me the other day that {D: you've a lot of} school already you getting some {X}, {X}. Tell me there's a {X} with a brain {X}. I said {D: okay}. Even with the {X}. I said {X} in that {X}. He come in here. {X}! I went out and {X}. Come on sit down and- sit down in the chair. Hmm. I says who is this for? You. I bought you some candy. {D: I be able to} kiss the boy I said that's so sweet of you. I said you {X} some candy. Y- you always gave me some. {X} {NW} {X} {X} {X} you give me some too. {NW}. I said you the wonderful baby. And I said aw you got sweet baby. Mm-hmm. He looking around see, he looked in another room and {X}. {D: Your daddy get ready to go back out}. I said what {X} I said take this apple home. {D: Thank you} {X}. I had to get you {X}. Interviewer: {NW} That's nice. 505: You know- you know- you know, my sister no I don't think she loved Jesus as well as I do. She's- she said I {X} but you know what? {X}, the girl I used to help raise her kids {X}, {X}. I whooped her kids more than she do and you know, ain't hardly evening come to school they running {X}. It's a {X}. {X} {D: a kid when needing} and teaching, and tell them where {X}. {D: Let them know- mama never made that offer} but when she {X} I had one. You don't need to be the kid for everything you do. Teach them and tell them. And tell them what {D: bad things} {X}, how to show them things, how to treat people. And- {D: and when you don't do it you can with your time} {X}. Is you {X} {D: in your life}? Interviewer: Oh ya burned up several times. 505: Well you think, you don't even need- that you don't need me {X} {D: good}. Now I ain't ever had {X}. {D: This} {D: whooping I got} was about fighting. Now mama told me to do something I did not dare- She said when I tell you to do something {D: better go on out there and} do it. She said {D: did you go and do it or I'm gonna give} a whooping on top of it. See I know what that meant. And I think now, if the people was to teach their children, how to treat people, and how to act and how to live, to be a better world. {D: That's} {X} we need more love. I don't need your {X}. I ain't gonna speak to him and he ain't speak to me {X}? He gonna {D: call} {X}. Mr. {X} up here, he's an old man. He ask me to {X} for him {X} something for my brother gonna {X} some guys {X}. And when he got through he said uh, {D: all I want are} kids to {D: appreciate more} {X} I said now I'm doing this work for Bill. He said I don't care who you're doing it for. Say you done, what I ask you to do is no- {X} work. I said well Mr. {X} look I didn't do it {D: to suit you}. I said don't think I'm getting on {X}. I say you do it. I said {D: don't matter doing anything} I do it the best I know how. He said that what it takes. he said I know you and Bill know how to work. He said and I appreciate {D: another day you bought me}. {X} {D: pound}. {X}. {X}. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 505: #2 He said- # Interviewer: {X}. 505: Something I know you need. And I put it in the box, the keys {X} and I don't care about no {D: car}. {D: I will}, {D: a catfish} {X}. Interviewer: Ya they're good I like them. 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You like to fish {D: far}? 505: Hmm? Interviewer: You like to fish for catfish? 505: What you talking about? If I saw him and {D: heard} {X} been fishing {X}. {X} fish {X}, don't you see my poles {X} tree? Interviewer: I didn't see them when I came in. 505: {D: Ain't missing} from that old tree. {D: I want} I- I uh- I {X} big fish in the river the other day, {D: they tore the pole} {X} and I had to buy me another big pole before I go fish. Interviewer: {D: Well I haven't} been catfishing a long time. 505: {D: Say ya?} Interviewer: I like catching though but here {D: you think}, you get one in size 505: #1 Ya. # Interviewer: #2 you- # 505: {D: Georgia) said y- Are you {X} {D: head up}. a {X} pole. I said no. I said you put the pressure on me and I'll put the pressure on you. And I said you get {X} pole. {X}, held his {X} back. And {X}. You like to fish? Interviewer: I sure do I- I just don't have, seems like I don't get a chance to go very much. 505: What Bill doesn't wanna fish {X}. {NW} That guy has gone fishing everyday. A- and don't think, don't fool yourself {X} you can catch it. She {X} that she got home four or five poles. She got a call because the truck {D: that run} truck in the shop. And she got them {D: dogs} in the trunk, and {D: dogs} getting in there and acting like little children. She gonna try and make that {X} work. And her {X} my little nieces {X}. And then you woulda {X} me here {D: if I hadn't left this pain been in my side}. {X} and I won't feeling good that's why in my {D: hip} like that {X}. Cause I {D: knew} been here picking up beans there like I did but I was gonna pick them when I come home this evening. {D: Sun} and they gonna go {X}. You ever been down on that {D: local block}? Interviewer: No I haven't. 505: {D: Well they}-- they- they just {D: got on the road and} {X}. {X} {D: do}. {D: All}, Mr. {X}. They have got a {X} down there. We all preach down there. So there uh- {D: they left} I saw them going fishing {D: this}, {D: his sister} {X}. She lost her husband about three months ago and, she can {X} in the yard. They gonna, {X} fish. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: {D: That's sorry} to make a {D: sick} fish. He get a {X} and then there I'm going to the bank. {NS} Hey you ready to go? Wait I got a good bite awhile ago. {NW} {D: George} {D: ain't no} {X}. {D: You gotta get ready to go out there}. I never heard {D: of that}. I said it- it b- it's gonna rain we better get in the house {D: here}. I said we got the car, but we ain't go the trunk. I said {X} car {X}. I said we got a long ways to walk to get cars and {D: white truck} {D: and}, {D: white car} and I said we may not even get {D: at them}. That here is {D: true} {X}. And then I drive after I fish {D: tore my pole up} I could not get {D: George} {X} with rain. Interviewer: {NW} 505: And we got there and wh- when we got in rain, come and fish {X} if we had been coming from, the riverbank up there. Ya we- we go fishing. We love that. But honey you talking about something real {D: when I had} my first {D: living} husband we living up {D: in there}, {D: pre-coming} through that {X}. And he like {D: nets}. Now that's the way he fish. {D: Nets} in the {X}. Now he- he do it but he's so {X} a handful but he's like that. He likes his {D: net}. He- he ain't {X} to fish. {X} fish net. {X}. {D: Soon}, I paddle up and down the river. {D: Mama} {X}. {NW} I paddle up and down the river. Now when we {D: live at} the bottom {X}. I had a, put people's clothes and stuff {X} come to school. All his {X} he had saw {X}. Sometime that water change and the boys keep paddling keep it going, couldn't swim a bit. And I'd be still in the river. {D: A boat} by myself {X}. I never had no bad luck the Lord taking care of me. {X}. I couldn't swim but, I paddle the boat, but mother didn't want us {X}. And we got to the {D: net}. He said I {X}- I be the {X} home. I said pull that {X} out of here. He pull that {X}. I said uh-uh! I said {X}. {NW} {X} fish come back. {X} he couldn't get good {X}. I said uh-uh I said you- you- you been here with me. I said uh-uh {X}. And uh- no man {X} he said, {X} uh-uh. I said I can't see them {X}. You- don't you know I had {X}. he said I'm gonna put boat {X} fish. So he {X} everyone back {X}. Get the fish {X}. And then they put me on the back I {X} pole. And I caught a {X} like that. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: I say y'all {D: ready to do it} {X}. I finally got the fish in the- in the net and {X} tired and you know why he wouldn't {X} jump out. He didn't have no {X}. I said {D: Dean}. He said what? I said you {D: get a} {X}? {X}. I said here's a fish in that {D: long gun}. And {X} working at that {D: technisty} shop where he at. {D: It's got a minute}. {X} put my {X}. And this {D: and our} fish look look to be bigger, {D: You know those big long}. But uh, he look like he had got {X} in water like that. He was in there long but the- and everything went {D: dead}. Try that. Otherwise {D: you're gonna do} bad fish. come back some kind of way and jumped {D: out of} {X} that's a big fish. Interviewer: Mm. I bet it was. 505: It was a big fish. {D: But did he} {X}? No. He went to his nets one day, and had to come back home to one of us {X} {D: you don't have that}. Bill cross {D: trees} to get to the river you know. But they had {D: rolls} there but you know the water was there. And Bill {D: stay} {X} for {X} {D: George ya} he just said come {X}. He stayed with me and my husband. And I see him come running walking so fast and {D: I don't wanna} {X} Bill. I've been {D: getting} {X} you know. I said now I know {D: Dean ouldn't have made} Bill. I said {X} really {X}. I- I- look like it was {X} come to a {X}. She got {X} them. {NW} He s- he see me come out yard and {X}. I just come back to {X}. I said for what? {D: Shoulda mean} {X}. I say you tell me a {D: story why is Bill}? He down there. He came up here fish the {X}, that's why I {X}. He said I'm gonna put {X} {D: on the horse lawn}. Take that {D: hidden} gate out of that thing and, {X} {D: nail, put more} {X} {D: lying all day}. And did you know that everyday's a {X} day? And then Bill took some, {X}, it had lure the fishing {X} nets. Bill catch {D: cats} from here and you know how small {D: you keeping them wound nets} you don't see them {X}. {NS} {D: Maybe he did.} What was it? A hundred and- hundred and some pounds of fish. Interviewer: Mm. 505: Sure did. Cause see they- they- they {D: leaving}, {X} but they had to cross some trees. And that water, was just about up to the whole stomach deep. The creeks they had to cross {X} was a {D: road} but, you know how to Interviewer: #1 Right. # 505: #2 one of them # uh, we use- we walk on that when it's, you know {X}. {NS} {X} {D: horse} and put that, {X} because, he suggest, put that in {D: the gate and carry it on back with him}. Put that, {X}. I don't know how to fix it {X}. As he once did {D: then} {X}, put that fish in a sack and {D: brought him home}. Sure did. All my peoples used to come by, and always help cause my {X}. {D: The creek come through there} we use the {D: same} {X}, and catch fish and fry them on the back of {X} {D: and we would fix} {D: food} you know {X}? Do you know that's some {X}? Interviewer: #1 I bet it's # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: good. 505: What you talking about? Sometime we have peas, {X}, {X}. {NW} {X}- {D: we have cream in- in fridge} you know {X}. Interviewer: Right. 505: We were I- I have to tell you, I really have enjoyed my life I work hard all my life but I ain't very {X}. When I had a husband I- I have to tell you I had two {D: good of them} {X}. I know you {D: ain't} {X} I don't think I never will {X} but I don't think I {X}. It's hard to {X} they is right behind each other. Interviewer: That's true. 505: But I did. I had two good husbands. The one that, {X} {D: dive up}, {X} there he got {D: in his bed}. {D: He has}- he sold a place at the {X}. He and his sister sold it. And I sold a house {X} {D: since} I been here. I decide I gonna never {X} house. He says {D: I been here}. {D: She- I'd given her} {X}. Don't have a sister and brother {X}. She got her share and I got mine {X}. But we used to have some good time {D: at the home in} {X}. Saying {D: they got sun but you don't got that saying and big saying catch all the fish and you can}? How {X} was the one that washed the fish and, put that {D: wash} {X} that grease in there, get that great big bowl and {X} that fish {X}. {X} it was {X} you can keep {X}. Sometime we have barbecue with the fish and all like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 505: {X} {D: in} {D: gray} {X}, and- and- an- an- an- an- and the rest of us crazy about whiskey. {X} and get some corn whiskey {X} {D: whiskey} {X}. They had the thing that you need to {D: drink}. We have {X} {D: we aren't trying to} {X} my husband and me. {X}. We are always {D: family} always have stuff together like this. {D: The rest}- the most of them lived {X} we would just get together. When we had {X} {D: all four years and} {X}. We all would just {D: join in and} be at home. Interviewer: Talking about, whiskey, what do people around here call homemade whiskey? 505: Call it corn whiskey. Interviewer: Corn whiskey? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything else, besides that? 505: No. Someone- someone call it {D: white light}. Interviewer: {D: White light?} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Moonshine or something like # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 that? # 505: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: That's what I'm thinking they do a lot of in Alabama. 505: Oh my {D: child child}. {X} {D: would}. {D: I wanna hear} {X}, and all we {X} you can find a {X}. {NW} You know {X}, in the bottom of these {X} {D: in the bottom}. and here that {NS} right over there. For when I- when my first husband and I were {X}. And I wa- it {X}. Ya it was {X}. Them white peoples went out and dug holes, and see me and {X} them holes, {D: and you go ahead and {X}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: And they are {D: bad} you know? And put them {D: a pump} out there. And I'm a {X} see they had been {D: running out of their time for} {X}. And they get out one day {X} said, {X}. I had not noticed {X} back there but I {D: ever been to a} {X} you talk about getting. I ain't got to wait in there. I ain't never seen {X}. Oh ya. You {X} {D: that's round} you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: and that there on the ground {X}. That {X} use and- an- an- and another they had was harmless. You get that big old {X} put all your {X}. Interviewer: Oh ya? 505: That's what they had. {D: Should I} {X} took my little child {X} {D: through the woods} {X} {D: because I'm there}. And the next- next- next {D: week it}, {D: remember when he was coming} {X}. And when I went to get- I was {X}. I had been working. And I think {D: that} then we didn't have {X}. I was {X} {D: and I had}, my {D: farm} made out of yarn {X} I'm on the back porch. I heard some boom boom boom! {D: I} jump. I say what is that? I say Lord {D: there} I said {D: did- does this) {X}. Now, in the {X}, {X} right at the house you know. But he was shooting at this man running from the {X}. He, he had thought the man went back, down towards the house, the house for {X} that, mill house up there. He {X} back down the road. But how he come out and got in that, in that {X} by my house I don't know. I see you. and the man in {X}, he went back down and he- and he {D: lost them}. He said which way my {D: side door}. I said {X} right through that thicket. I said keep on down that hill I said {X}. {D: I said to him hit them woods}. He {D: went on}. He said {D: do you know that kid but} I say no. And I looked and looked {X} see the man until I got {D: down}. I was out here {X} a guy the other day, he come on tripping through the house. He did {D: scare me} {X} those- those um- there are two rooms, but the hole come between the two rooms you know, on the back porch. And he go out of the front on the front porch. And the kitchen was on the back but I- but I'm on the back porch by the kitchen. He said uh- he got no {X} he said I'm doing wrong {X} He said hello. I said hello. He said {X} I said {X}? He says I ain't done nothing what I {X}. He said you see the {D: man}? I said, {D: a man}? I said what about him? {X}. I didn't tell him nobody. He said, you don't think {X} {D: hidden in the barn}? I said I ain't ever been to no {X}. I said what to do that. And I know it as good as yo- you- you do {X}. He said {X} {D: make whiskey at}. I said oh. {D: What, down in the barn}? {D: He said ya}. He said I'll show you {D: a guy and say he come}, like he's coming up this hill and but, I see his tracks in the {D: dirt and}, in that {X} but I know he didn't. {D: For that} boy come out the way we didn't come we be coming fishing and he just, he'd ran so fast he {X}. Made {X} {D: track} with his old {D: track} {X} {D: track}. And I say no he not here I say you wanna look through the house? he looked at me he said I take your word. I said you {X} go on through and look. {D: He been wanting to} {X}. I said {X} look if you want. I kept {D: on lying}. He said no {D: he in here}. He {X} out there he {X} his head {X}. And just {X}. Ya he walked in {D: looks}. He- he- {X} he- he {D: better believe} I hit him. {D: Said} myself {X} ain't nobody never hit nobody {X}, and I'll be {X}, and you, you can {X}. And so the {X} {D: walked on} {X} very much different. And they {X} and then they ain't got a white man {X}. And every time it's {B} that come up. from {X}, they be {D: down the river}. {D: Hi}. {D: That's fine for you}. {X} is your husband good to you? I said he {X} {D: be there}. {NW} He said- he said that if he don't treat you right you let me know and I'll take him away from you. I said what you gonna, {D: put on my} {X} you take him away from me? He said don't he make whiskey? I said he won't make no whiskey {D: staying with} me. Your husband drink whiskey? I said I'm mad that you {D: drink. I see you drink some I know} {X} but I see him drink. I said better {X}, from um, somewhere, and {X}. I know that he drink whiskey but he- I'm gonna tell him, I know he drinked it. He said um, but if he don't be good to you let me know and I take him {D: under. You tell me}, why he got his whiskey {X}, taking {D: him out of your way}. And you go where you want. I said I'll {X}. {NW} I said- I said now here {X}. He said I don't know. You know- you know a {X}? I said yes. Well is he um I said he {X} a while a go. {D: Whatever size} a man {X} {D: heavy set}? He said {X}. Now listen {X} didn't know {X} ya he's up that home a while ago and he was talking to {D: Joe}. {NW} And {X}. {X} told them {X} what kind of clothes you have {X} I didn't know that was his brother. He said {D: I don't notice but}, he run across the field and he uh said I know why {D: you were}. He said well I'm {X}. And they thought that someone had {D: done wrong} last year so they, {X} I did tell them Joe just had come in from uh, Oak Ridge. {X} say you work there. {X} even with his {X}. {D: So the others} say well you didn't catch him now did you? So you can't take the next {X}. Said but {X} come in for {X}. So he- he- he didn't- he a- he met with some {X} one day and was {NS}{X} {D: and he was talking to} {X}. But he just didn't know it. Ya he should be {D: afraid of a playground} here child. You should be {D: lone} {X} {D: hang in the middle}. Those {X}. {NW} Make me mad {X}. Interviewer: Mm. When we were talking about the house a minute ago and you mentioned the living room? Have you ever heard people call the living room anything other than that? 505: No I don't think I have. Let me ask you a question since you ask me that. Interviewer: Okay. 505: Which room in your house is the most important room {NS} {NS}{X} Interviewer: {NS}{X} that they- family would entertain guests or some- 505: No I mean just which My- my- my- my home demonstration they'd have asked this question and uh all them were saying living room and different rooms and I says {X}. And she said I right, so I tell them {D: as you} I'm asking you which room that you think is the most important part in your- of your house. Interviewer: Hmm. That's a tough question. Uh, I guess maybe the- the place where you eat you know if that was {X}. 505: Ya you right. That's what I said. All of them was saying the living room some was saying the bed room, and uh, she said I used to {X} {B} And I said well I {D: miss} {B} {X} that could be the kitchen. I said {D: girl that's where you}- you got to prepare your food. I said the most important place and I said you gotta be, particular how you keep your {X} clean you know. I said I bet them {D: par-} part of your house is the kitchen. So it was a- but I- I {X} the living room. So it {X} said she said well, it's a furnace sometimes {X} {B} {X} she said- she said now I asked a question I had to wait and get my decision to {D: give and see what} {X} said. Say I'm gonna {D: crash this} {X} {D: boat}. I {D: thinked} about it. {X} with me. That living room over here was {X}. {NW} Someone said the bedroom cause that's where you got to sleep at. {D: And so} {X}. She- she kind of put me on the {X} like I put you over there. {NW} She said to me said um, {D: miss} {B} how come you think the kitchen should be the most important place? I said {X} when you eat, you even want your food to be clean. I said {D: why} {X} to prepare your food. You want it to be clean, and sanitary. I said cause that food is uh, it the {D: nourishment of} your body. I said you- and then uh- you have t- if you get germs in there I say you got germs. I say you have to be particular that's why I think. I said now, I could be wrong I said that would be mo- my most {D: important} {X} in there. I want all part of my house to be, clean, and I said I ain't got nothing that nice in there I said but I wanna be clean I said but I think the kitchen is most important place. So, someone woulda {X} in here when {X} {B}. I said now miss {B} may I ask you a question? Yes ma'am. I asked her which place do you think? She says I'm not, {D: assuming against} nobody but your kitchen your most important place. All of them but I would have thought the living room. I said well, it's nice to have your living room nice and all part of your house nice. I said but, that kitchen supposed to be kind of sanitary. I said now I ain't never had my kitchen {X} in my life. {X} {D: we good at home} {X} and after my husband died I, I made a {X}. Now I had {X} cause we built that house. But since I been here and been by myself I- I don't keep the house. Say I have to tell you the truth and you have to forgive me for {X} cause I ain't clean {D: today}. {NW} Ain't nobody here with me I {X} I got {X} {D: not happening}. So I'm begging you forgive- forgive me for {X}- Interviewer: No use to apologize if you- looks very nice to me. 505: {X}, I ain't done a thing gonna strip my bed {X}. I still in bed you know {D: after} day to {X}. I got him taking some medicine {D: now}. He kind of live like um, got another stool and gone pick them beans and things, and I ain't come nowhere. Now I- I'm gonna {D: mop} about forty days ago. But I sure hadn't been {X}. Interviewer: Tell me about living room. Have you ever heard people call the living room parlor or anything like that? 505: I have heard them tell me that they have a parlor. Interviewer: That's the same thing or something different? 505: I don't know. Now tell me {D: what you} {X} tell you a little story that you don't know you don't know do you? Now I'm a b- uh- they tell me come on in my parlor. Now some tell me what the- {D: that I thought} parlor. It's- it's- it's a {D: similar} to a living room they got, couches and chairs and sometime uh- {D: different} you know, types of furniture in there you know and {D: this most} but while you go and sit and talk and you know and conversation and {X}, if you got some push {D: sense of somewhere you're sitting drink some kind of} {X} {D: drinks or something like that}. Now that's what some of them call a parlor. Interviewer: Ya. 505: Now some of them {D: they have them} call them {X} rooms and got dens and different things. And so I don't know. People's got different names for different things. Interviewer: About how big would you say this room is? 505: Twelve by fourteen. Interviewer: And the ceiling's about...? 505: Seven and a half. Interviewer: Now when you were talking about the house that you were growing up in I don't remember if you mentioned it or not but did you have a- a fireplace? 505: Mm-hmm. We had that, room I tell you one room that uh goes all the way {D: other room}. Well that {X} was a {X} room. Now we had a {X} with the {X}. Double chimney. You know I- I kinda {D: we kind of run} like a {X}. Now uh, how we live. If it- if it {X} live, when I was small we had double chimney. Stack chimney {D: though}. Interviewer: Right. 505: {X} {D: sat down} mm-hmm. And they uh, a shed room on uh- that's what the {X} you know they {X}. {D: They'd have to do a} {X} too. But we always have a- have a {X} fireplace. Interviewer: You mentioned a chimney. You- you know these big things that you see on some factories where the smoke comes out? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now what do you call those? 505: They call them the stack- stacks- smoke stacks they tell me. Interviewer: Mm. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Talking about that fireplace, you know that open area right in front of it? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call that? 505: The fireplace? That's where you put your wood. Interviewer: {D: That}- the area right in front of it? 505: Oh the hearth? Interviewer: #1 Right. # 505: #2 Ya # The hearth. Ya. The uh- The foyer run into the fire- uh- wa- i- is fireplace. That's the hearth there now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Uh-huh. And sometime you have a mounting board for it. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 505: #2 {D: fireplace}. # Interviewer: Right. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And those things that you- that you put the 505: #1 Those uh- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: Urns? Interviewer: What do you call those {D: the great}- the big things that you burn in the fireplace? You'd say 505: #1 {X}? # Interviewer: #2 you'd put on a- # 505: What you mean uh- is it uh- Interviewer: You know the wood the big round things you- so you put on your you're gonna put on a big what to burn? 505: Back stick? Interviewer: Back stick? 505: Ya. Big- big round block of wood but its {X}. That's the back stick and you should've {X} here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Put your spit- put the stick wood on. Interviewer: Oh ya. 505: Keep it from being {X} and see that builds this up and then that, {X}. Interviewer: Oh ya. 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {D: Now the} stack- {D: now the} kind of wood that you use to start it that's the... 505: Kindling. Interviewer: That's the kindling. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call that anything else? {NS} 505: No. I don't think I have. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: Like just now} you can go out there and get a look, {X} {D: plank} I didn't take {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Well you see {X} if you could- if I {D: didn't have one of those} {X} you used to get {X} if you don't have no {X} Interviewer: #1 Ya. # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Right. 505: And so you start to burn this- won't be long before you got to you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: You know people {D: who like is enjoying} but they have nothing to do now when their {D: head gets} {X}? Is you paying attention to that? {D: I born in} {X} but honest to goodness if I had somebody to cut me wood, now I got a, did you see the chimney in my kitchen? Interviewer: I don't think I did. 505: It- it's a {X} built from the ground. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: You didn't see it? Interviewer: Mm-mm. 505: That's the only thing I had- I had all in this house. {NS}Here it is. {NS} {NS} {NS} Now that's built from the ground. Now that's- Interviewer: Oh ya. 505: Uh-huh. That's when it's built {X}. Now that um {D: the jack} {X} I can tell from the top of the bar because back when I was {D: got here}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 505: Now you have a {X} {D: here} and a- and a {X} in there too. Interviewer: Oh ya. 505: Ya. Interviewer: #1 Well that's- # 505: #2 Hmm. # Interviewer: that'll be- that- that'll be very useful. 505: And my sister been trying to get me to take that down. I tell her uh-uh. No I'm not neither. Interviewer: I wouldn't either. 505: Uh-uh. Now see {X} go out top of his building {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I say that {D: adds} stationary house {X}. Cause it's in the ground. Interviewer: Right. 505: Mm-hmm. It is built like that {X}. Interviewer: You were talking about kindling, {NS} when I was uh- I've been talking to you for- you know doing this interview, they'd call it light wood? Or lighter? You ever hear of that? 505: My husband would {X} call it {X}, {X} {D: shaving}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: {X} stuff to call that lighter wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: There they call it shaved or {X}. 505: {NW} He- he- he- he didn't {X} {D: like I don't know him}. {NW} If it {D: don't do like he did last year}. Aux: {X}. 505: Yeah he {D: need you}. Aux: {X} 505: He stole {D: out of that gate} when I- I was uh- uh- now you heard that {D: he stole out} {X}. And uh- {D: we ran in- she went ran in} and he said well my {X} and I didn't need no shoes {D: either}. I been here I- I was here uh {D: stripping that furniture down and} Aux: #1 {Yeah.} # 505: #2 {D: yeah.} # And I looked around and he didn't got {X}. George is on the way? Aux: Uh-uh George was {X}. I ain't been {X}. {X}. {D: She ain't} {X} {D: eight, nine} {D: either way.} 505: Well maybe she won't have too much to do today. {NW} {NS} They had good luck {D: this year now didn't they?} {D: Bill}. Aux: Right. 505: Huh? Aux: I said I don't- uh- {X} 505: No. Aux: Mm-hmm. {D: What do you call those} {D: red maples?} 505: Well, if it ain't {D: one thing though it's a nothing} so just {D: have to be tight.} Y'all {D: ain't gonna still} night tonight? Aux: No I think {X} {D: Georgia} {X} {NS} Two, about two night. {NS} {D: You got money to eat}. {NS} {D: Then he got a thing with him} Friday night. 505: Yeah. How was {D: Reed} doing? Pretty good? Lucy called yesterday morning {D: Bill}. Aux: Hmm? 505: Lucy called yesterday morning. Aux: {D: Did}? 505: Ya she uh- she uh she done found out about her {X}, and I wonder how she find out that he told him. You know what {D: Liam} was speaking to us about? Aux: {X} 505: She called me yesterday morning- Aux: Ya. 505: Ya she called me yesterday morning, was telling me about it and, said she be up here and is gonna bring it, {D: and told us about them} {X}. I wonder how it is she knew it. Aux: I- I wasn't {X}. 505: I do too I wonder how it is she found out. He must've have told them. {NS} She said don't let him never have no more. I told them don't you think we should share with him like we do you? {NS} Aux: {X}. {NS} 505: She said {X} was doing fine. And uh they was um- gonna #1 {D: cook it.} # Aux: #2 {D: You know} # {X} was over there yelling uh {X}. 505: H- How she doing? Aux: {D: Getting fat.} 505: Yeah. Aux: Mm-hmm. {X} {NS} 505: Uh, {D: I knew you} they had just said the other day {D: you know when she's looking at you} {D: she go} {X} {D: wanna come up there and she's going.} They just gonna come up here and they'll bring, {X} with 'em. So Luc- Lucy may say she be up here and, she didn't say when but she says she gonna {X} cook some food {X} Over to the {X} house. Aux: Yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Well going {X} and you get ready. I know you #1 {D: got good} # Aux: #2 {X} # {X}. {D: I'm about that} {X} {D: last year}. 505: I know- I know {D: him}- Aux: {D: Saw them} at the house. {NS} 505: If y'all {D: go and heading} down to Memphis to the, field and {D: I- I know you} leave gonna leave kind of early {X}. {D: The weight could be somehow from} by six boy. Aux: I'm thinking, {D: may need to}, {X} what George {X} {D: He} he was gonna be right I think around eight o'clock. 505: {D: Yeah be back um}, uh {D: way be} by from six to seven I expect. Aux: {X}. 505: Well that'll be better on her. {NS} Uh whatever. {X} {D: gonna appreciate} she ain't even worried about it being {D: show}. Aux: #1 Mm-mm # 505: #2 That's # one good thing because #1 {D: uh}, # Aux: #2 Uh. # 505: i-it don't make sense. {NS} Aux: I went down {X} in uh uh last night I got them {X}. 505: Yeah yeah if you got um uh i-if you got {X} you got some new {X} you just keep your own cause I {X} got a good past and. Aux: I got- I got {D: a labeled sack.} 505: Yeah save me a sack. Cause I want something when those {D: chicken} that's what I want. I wanna {D: put my} chicken. Mix it with that wheat {X} chicken. You know when you hear {when I'm winging} my chicken? Aux: If I see them {X}. 505: Yeah so that, their- their {X} and they {D: they get it} {X} by herself and then she go ahead and {D: lay and} come back out and sometimes you go with them sometimes you don't. I say {X}. {NW} Aux: You always let me {X} think I was a {D: mean} {X}. 505: Yeah she going back to {D: lay.} She come off the roof {X} and I said {D: look here} this thing going to {D: Maine}. Did you know the other night {D: our friends- all our friends} {D: admitted} they had, and they {D: larger than my chicken} {D: and all of them got drowned}? Aux: {D: How'd they drown man?} 505: Yeah I wonder what kind of {X} they have on the {D: brooding.} All of the chicken she told me yesterday, got {D: drowned and} I was coming was talking to her, She said well I say I ain't got more chicks. I said what happened? She said on the night when that big storm come said all of my chicks got drowned. And I said no {X}. I said well it better been chicken then us. She said yeah. {NW} That's right, I {D: said it} better been the chicken than us. She said yeah. {NS} I said I hate it but I was {D: saying} {NS} I know you. {NS} You done {X} Aux: Blow the top off the {D: brooder.} 505: {NS} Uh even {D: the uh} I think we got a {X} when it rain. I don't know what happened Bill. Aux: Uh is- is it large as your {D: chicks}? 505: They're larger than mine. Some of the chickens {X} {X} not to eat them when he get their {D: size} but I {D: remember he likes small} chicken like that. So I- I- I guess {NS} I guess that um, {NS} that we were talking bad or something. {NS} That's somebody out there. Aux: Mm-hmm. 505: In the truck. {NW} {D: That's that} {X} {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: {NW} Yeah {D: I see that.} Interviewer: {D: Is that Bill?} 505: {D: Yeah that's Bill}. That's the oldest one. Interviewer: How many of- how many of y'all? 505: {D: In the} three of us now. Interviewer: Three. There were how many? 505: Four? Interviewer: Four. 505: Mm-hmm. My {X} got a lots of sister and brothers. {NS} You know died when they was small. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 505: Uh-huh. Uh it ain't {D: about} it ain't a {X} before my sister died you know I told you yesterday at seventy? She stayed at {X} Bill stayed {X} Bill used to stay over in the house over there. {D: So uh} {D: So I at least stayed at- at her home place}. Aux: {X} 505: #1 And so # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 505: #1 Ain't but # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: {D: ain't but three are sleeping now}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Mm-hmm. Two brothers and one sister. {NS} Yeah. If you had been here yesterday {X} get you another taste. {NW} He loved to talk. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 505: #2 A-and- # Mm-hmm. Yeah he love to talk. Now {D: that's the}- Who you said sent you to here? Interviewer: Uh, well Mr. {B} sent me to Bill, 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: and Bill told me to go down to see if they could find Buford. 505: Uh-huh. And then Bill- and then Bill came {X} {NW} {X} no. {X} Yeah {D: but}, {D: something}, {D: son at the Savannah} {D: he got to tell other people.} His name is beautiful {X}. All got nickname. Bill's name is {D: Nathan} we call him, they {X} and we call him, Bill and call him {X}. Sometime we call him Tim. Used to be {X}. Used to go around, drive around my {D: leg and} and uh we told the son he was just like the {D: old man}. We used to- we used to call him Tim all the time. Mama made it {D: pretty}. {NW} So uh- she knew that {D: you cover the sun} cause he was. {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: Mm-hmm. Yeah you {X} You don't wanna {D: tell you this} {D: so you can't-can't take-can't take the sun.} Uh- you break out like that. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 505: Uh-huh. Aux: {X}. 505: The doctor says something you {X} on the farm {D: But I just} I don't, really believe it because he wasn't like that before he {X} because {X} Yeah they went down and come back that's when it started. {X} And he {D: we ain't never did nothing} {D: good} for him #1 and I mean he # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 505: he {D: build} he-and he did everything and cut wood and cut logs and everything. {D: Now ain't never known to break out and} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} and he picked up 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: Cause he work hard uh I think that yeah he went down and {X}. He and Bill go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I think he went in- {D: in the sun then}. {D: September October one of 'em) Something like that {D: sound when they've been in a} cold building {D: and} and the {X} and one with the two brothers on the farm. Why did I have her stop? She needs to {D: pull the} {X}. All the men people on the farm. My brother in law {D: stayed in bed} then I said well, they would {D: too}. They say they about to go get on {X} #1 they don't have to go see their brother. # Interviewer: #2 Uh yeah. # 505: {X} That's the day my {D: bo}- all- all three of my brothers. {X} Yeah. Mm-hmm. {D: They did} {X} Aux: Yes. {NS} 505: Come in. {NS} Aux: Hey. Fine how you doing? And I see you doing alright alright. My name's {D: Marvin} {B} {D: Quigley.} Glad to meet you. 505: {D: Come on in and get you a chair.} He was looking for you yesterday and I said man I tell you looking for you #1 yesterday. # Aux: #2 {NW} # 505: Yeah. People who make a regular uh {D: family.} Interviewer: {X} 505: And he uh- and he uh- he would call and what we said {D: right now. Can't get it back}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Yeah he got to a car door now. I come get you to my {D: door}. Told them they're {X}. You know what I do? {NW} I said you need to help my brother. I said that's the one where you {D: talking to me}. {NW} {D: He's everybody different.} My mother's side of people, papa's side of people in different schools and {D: thing around}. And so now you she couldn't {X} I mean help me out of my drawers and {X}. {NW} {D: Maybe}. He's actually by my grandfather. {X} {D: I told mother}. My grandmother {D: lose my} {X} in Tipton County but I did know about my grandad. He was born in {D: August some morning.} Aux: {NS} No he came from Virginia. 505: Virginia? Aux: Yes. 505: Well I know {D: I done saw him in} Virginia {X} but I know grandmother was born in Tennessee. She say. And uh, I told you that I didn't tell you. Aux: I {X} Yeah I done forgot there's {D: a lot} {X}. {NW} {D: Got ever they need} well um {D: remember things} what they used to be. Interviewer: Yeah right. Aux: {NW} 505: Now he- now he can remember my grandmother on my mother's side. Interviewer: Did I ask you about her yesterday? 505: Mm-hmm. You asked me about my- my mother {X} I told you I have a- my grandmother was uh- on my mother's side was the {D: Indian}. Interviewer: #1 {D: Oh yeah} # 505: #2 Part Indian. # Interviewer: right. 505: I- you remember me telling you that? Now he- now he remember but I {D: I- I} I ain't never- #1 I wasn't even born. # Aux: #2 Yeah she # she died before you was born. {D: Her name was Maggie.} 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {D: Maggie} # {B} 505: Uh-huh. Now see you remember- now you can go back there and {X}. What was uh, grandmother's uh, father name? Brother named {D: Deke was he named Deke?} Aux: {D: Nah uh} {D: Deke was a} he was uh, {D: that was on uh} daddy's side. 505: That's what I said, I said what was grandmother's uh, brother name? {D: Wasn't it} {D: Deke?} Aux: Yeah {D: Deke was} 505: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 {D: his name.} # 505: #1 I'll tell you that uh- # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} came. Was li- #1 little # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #1 {X}. # 505: #2 # Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} Old man. Grandmother's uh, father was named {X}. 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: And then did his {D: uh} son, {D: call him Luke} {X}. 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: And uh when he sees, that that was her brother 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: John} {X} 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} is her brother. 505: And then {D: kids is- was the} {X} that I know don't {X}. Aux: Oh {D: Aunt Lou.} 505: Oh I forgot {D: Aunt Lou.} Aux: {D: And she's}- 505: Yeah she {D: that she need you} {X}. I told you he can remember everything. {NW} Yeah {D: Aunt Lou.} Yes uh. What will {X} {D: tell the whole thing} {X} Well that's {D: just uh}, her sister's child. Aux: Yeah. {NS} 505: Well I had a {X} {D: Aunt Lou} {X} And then {X} those two I know on our grandmother's side {D: and her sister.} And uh, did you know your mother's {D: sister}? {NS} Aux: {D: Know who?} 505: Do you know {D: any more of mom's sisters}? Aux: No. {D: I just}- {D: and I} {X}. 505: Yeah I know that #1 {D: I mean that side of him.} # Aux: #2 {X} # {D: I know her} sister {X} {D: know anything about it.} 505: {D: The rest of them} #1 was dead before you couldn't ever remember. # Aux: #2 Yeah. # 505: {NS} I was telling that {X} used to be a large family of our people {X}. {NS} {D: Plenty of} cousin {D: and thing} now that all of the brothers on my daddy's side is dead. {NS} On the mother side too. Aux: Whole family #1 {D: of uh} # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: {X} {D: dead}. 505: My grandmother nearly get eighty-five. Aux: {X} You was the baby. 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: You stopped} {NS} {X} {D: and} {D: Dad} {X} {D: Doris.} 505: Over there was my daddy's brother. {NS} Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: #1 Yes. # 505: #2 Yes. # {NS} It was a big {D: family} {X} Aux: Your mother {D: or your} sister tell me {D: of my} {X} and uh, {D: Cassie}. And uh {D: and uh}- 505: {D: And visit?} Aux: {D: Visit}. 505: Mm-hmm. {NS} Aux: We grew up {D: with I never did know} uh {D: Cassie} {D: she died} {NS} before I was born but my uh other {D: two aunties} {X} on {D: daddy's} side, I've know about them. 505: I was telling him about um, all of the {D: thick settlement} that used to be around here. I didn't tell him yesterday {D: about right about} how that was a {D: gin} store. And everything {D: right there} and all ar- all around here {D: were these houses all out there} on this side already. But just {D: thick settlement.} It used to be that most of the {X} {X} Interviewer: Was the settlement called anything in particular 505: #1 No just # Interviewer: #2 or? # 505: {D: A little good ol' settlement.} Interviewer: {X} 505: Uh-huh. And um, {NS} {D: and I-} {D: and I got to hear about} the school {D: and the hall was there now}. And uh o- oh Lord the school barely have a {D: just a green lawn}, school {it didn't have no} {X} different {D: grades will separate you} {X} on the desk it's a desk with a different side. But uh two teachers teach {D: fifth}, an they had a hallway. {NS} The church was also larger then it is now before the storm wrecked it. When it tore it down. Yeah this uh, this used to be a real {D: thick settlement.} Houses all back behind them was it used to be thicker {D: than the houses all back round there.} There was roads to go into 'em you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Yeah. {D: And here was} on all through here, {D: by color} from one black person {X} {D: the smith, I told you right there}. Aux: {X} {D: to the right that is} across the road, his daddy and {X} {D: woulda put them} {D: John would} {X} and Johnny and he on, {D: the place} {D: Daniel on the gin.} Cotton gin that saw mill and {D: grist mill} all combined now together. Your father and two son. {X} They used to {D: own} back up {X} {D: Cotton Lake there}. 505: {D: Know who} they had it {D: delivered to}? Aux: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: No one} {D: been working on down there} and now this a {D: jumped up}. A sc- a sc- {X}- Aux: {X} down that is {X} Miss uh, Martha {D: Maydol} {D: is in possession now of that} {X} and about three hundred and sixty acres was in the farm {D: back then.} {D: On}, someone who {D: died out} and, moved out. {D: But all the} children {D: left in the end.} After their father and mother passed, {NS} {D: and they} their {D: chicks locked out of} {X}. That {X} they give their {D: chick's lodge} to Bill. {X} Oh, {D: it's on the uh} {NS} um {D: cornerstone} that they had to take, about the {X} and, the uh. William- well he William he was the uh, authorizer of the uh {D: bill that} {X}. Before he {D: started it having}, had {X} that is have a {D: series on there} that's {D: some bush hauling.} Then they build the little old {D: frame} {X} and, then it {D: mainly gun barrels.} 505: I told you that yester- Aux: #1 {D: It wasn't me.} # 505: #2 day. # Aux: {X} {NS} you know {D: all the night they check out the local deals} they locked out of them to build a {D: church} that, can {X} the the {D: Wiliford's Willow Road} {D: Baptist church}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: So this, feeling sick of these {X}. {D: I almost} this {D: November} now he is {D: it's all in a} cornerstone what year {D: the church} was. You know built but it's been rebuilt since that time is still going the same {D: name it was.} All the {D: trustees} and, all those other {D: church} {D: and old man resemble.} The cornerstone. Er uh er uh I remember {D: Zeke} {B} he was uh, the leader of the congregation at that time. Interviewer: Is that when it was first organized? Aux: Yes {D: sir}. And he started from the {D: bush hauling.} His granddaughter, {X} {D: mad} that uh, I mean daughter smallest daughter. Her mother was, you know a member of the church and her daddy, her granddaddy rather was the one that I said {D: about was authorized uh} {D: to be in the church}. Interviewer: Did you have as many big fields back then when you had a lot of people living around here? 505: Mm-hmm. It just be sometime the small thicket sometimes you know. None other {D: place left} and, but they didn't clean up so much {D: like they did} now. All back down there. Back from here back behind them woods back there. Now this {X} last year. Now if you just could see just a short time he {X} {D: you and I.} {X} They ran their last, sometime last summer {D: wasn't it?} Aux: Mm yeah {D: it was gonna be} last summer {X} 505: They had {X} Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: do and then cook the, {X} that was large enough, you know for so long. And {X} he's just taking {X} and, pushed it up and, wind it up and, and I see wood cut, and haul wood out of there and, then when it got {D: cool}, getting all the. {X} {NW} {X} Bring that stuff up and went {D: roll and sit at the fire.} {D: Light it} up and, and went in and broke it up. {X} I think about {D: forty hundred} {X} 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 around there. # 505: It's just about, it just about a {X} from here to the {X}. And wide. Aux: Yeah that was uh the {D: ship and} {X} and, and they sold it to, uh, the boy by the name of {X}. These boys and, cut the timber off it. {X} it up {D: and then uh} they sold it- I don't know who did {X} boys from them, after they {D: cleared it up with} the {X} {D: in a larger} county that is. 505: Mr. {B} Aux: {X} {D: on it}. 505: Mr. {B} was his name. {NW} {NS} I wouldn't have known his name but he stopped here one day he had trouble with his truck and um, come to door and knock now {X} door he says {D: cause it was raining and I said good night.} He says uh, I'm having trouble. {D: Shouldn't I}- I don't know if you- do you have a phone? I said yes I do. He said you mind me calling, to {D: repair} and I pay you for the {D: call ring} that I can call {D: connect home}. I said well come on in. You're waiting {X} be all right. So he come on in and then I, connect him to the operator- {D: the operator to see about that number}. {NS} He called one in a few minutes the truck was here. {D: He said essentially} they cut him out and one day he's in a car and I was, he's kinda look like I didn't know him. In the truck he said hi. I says fine how are you? {NS} He said uh, you don't know me do you? {NS} {NS} {NS} And I said no maybe I do. And that day I {D: hadn't} see him {D: he once} and he was walking {X} you know. He said uh, this is Mr. {B} {X}. He said I am {X} and he said I want you doing {X}. I said thank you. {NW} And so he- he said yes I don't go {X} I got {X} cold creek when you wanna go there fishing say you see my name up right next to {D: door, fishing} {X} thank you. He said well I'll be seeing you, you go along. #1 {D: This ain't} # Interviewer: #2 How # how nice {D: to say that?} 505: Yeah. Aux: {X} used to be a large uh, {X} not much colored people in {D: your large sermon} but, years later um- back then the {D: pushes} from then on up {X} uh, these people coming {D: to scatter them out and}, the uh, big {X}{C: car in background} {D: Five or eight men with} tractors. Well to begin with this {D: for all we knew.} Got my {X}, if you make the ship proper you {X} brought his own {D: team and} you is {D: ranching} and, you would {X} to get out of the stock. You would feed your stock and, fly your {D: news} and make 'em miss a crop. But after uh, {D: need} uh large rivers and, lawns and things coming and peoples buying tractors and, starts farming. With tractors why your {D: dog eat with the mules and wolves are the} {X} they- they was {X} and also the sharecropper. The one man now {D: on}- uh, I don't say {D: on} but he's {D: offering}, three and four thousand acres of land and, you know that uh will be territory. Yes but, so many people {D: are at work} and, cause them {D: they leave here} {D: go other places to find} jobs uh. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: And this}, same thing you {X} would be. And I don't think that one man own two or three thousand acres of land. But, he did uh, old time uh {D: pushing that} old time, uh, life I liked it better and it was the {X} it up for a while you know you got more {D: margin} for your labor. But, back there, we were living a lot better then we is now to a certain extent. Cause you'd own a farm and you could raise what food and stuff that you had to have. Cows, hogs and all the chicken everything like that. He was raising the, what {X} stuff {D: didn't eat it}. But now the peoples on the farm but they ain't a big farm and, well uh, he just felt like {D: man he lived in town.} Good thing he get to {D: got go buy what he}, {D: raised} nice beans and cotton. Some of them livestock {D: with}, locked up and going take time to, {D: move} the live stock {X}. Beans and cotton and, when the governor {D: of}, {X} on this cotton, and made me {C: rooster crowing} {D: pay him no} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} {C: rooster crowing} That's what, done away with a lot of the farmers. They use {D: um}, {X} I'm make the share crop with you but {D: fools}. You let me {X} that sacred land that you {C: rooster crowing} {X}{C: rooster crowing} I had to wait for years {D: while} so I'm gonna either move, and that's what a lot of people {D: ought to} place to stay. And then, {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} you wanna make it {D: in as much time} {X} you wanna work as many acres as you can work now but, {D: I helped} worked in a big {D: sum of} land and then at the end, you ain't- {C: rooster crowing} I don't know {C: rooster crowing} {D: but the end come} well that didn't profit you much. {NS} Ya. 505: {NW} Aux: And they was {D: around} six {X} {D: pull out} fifty cents {X} up a dollar depending upon what type of labor you doing. A day {C: rooster crowing} and that was a {C: rooster crowing} {D: small sum} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} {C: rooster crowing} Just, {D: tough} what you had to get, was down on a {D: mill which} you know you {D: buy it.} I know back in, {X} {D: and uh}, {NS} but then who was {D: day}? {NS} You could buy a- a {X} sack of flower or- {C: rooster crowing} {NS} That is when you {C: rooster crowing} {D: can the day}, {NS} for thirty-five cents. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: And that same type of flower today'll cost you five dollars or something.{C: rooster crowing} Now that'll, {D: that'll let you know about how much uh} they're different in their old {D: uh price} and your {D: present} price. {NS} {D: Box of matches} {C: rooster crowing} and get it for five cents a box and that box already cost you about thirty-five forty cents a box {D: now}. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: Maybe the box is smaller but, it goes there about {D: their} {X} but, it's not as, all of them old matches back then one uh one box to make {D: two of the} {D: sized boxes you got now}. Interviewer: Talking about these big kitchen matches? Aux: That's right. We call them nickel boxes {D: back is.} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} 505: It's a lot {D: to give their} Aux: #1 Aw ya. # 505: #2 {D: size}. # Aux: {NS} {NS} It was {NS} so much {D: change}, {NS} {D: and I'll tell you} some of this change in the new life I like it better and some I did not. {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} now? Used to be very larger than that. Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: Aw ya. {C: multiple speaking at one time} {X} box of matches uh make two of that {C: rooster crowing} {X}. Interviewer: Hm. 505: And cost just a nickel. And sugar {C: rooster crowing} you could get it. They used to buy it loose. Oh you could get, twenty-five cents worth of sugar. {X} {C: rooster crowing} Ten-pound bag you get now. {D: You get about twenty-five cents} {D: worth of sugar}. Interviewer: {X} {C: multiple people} 505: Mm-hm- Aux: Back then the {D: prices} you can buy a whole {D: pound} of flour for three dollars. And you can't buy a sack of flour for that price #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh what was coffee back then? {C: rooster crowing} You know that's so high now. { C: rooster crowing} Aux: About ten cents a pound #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: {D: How do you do} ten cents a pound. Aux: {D: Uh ten} to fifteen #1 {D: no value's worth anywhere over fifteen cents a pound}. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Well what is it now? Is it still up around four dollars? Aux: #1 That's right. # 505: #2 Uh-huh. # Aux: And now we're {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: the end of the uh} {D: season and it was uh} he was paying five dollars a pound for it. 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} cause I'm. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} You like coffee? Interviewer: I don't drink it. 505: Mm. Mm good. Aux: And uh- 505: You {D: had a bit then.} Interviewer: {NW} Aux: You think uh, you {D: people all} uh they had their chicken {D: and all they- they had} {D: plenty} eggs. {D: The eggs}- more eggs {C: rooster crowing} than the. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} You get 'em to the store and, they give you, ten cents a dozen for 'em. And uh, I think it's, twelve, twelve or fifteen cents and three {D: give you} three {D: dollars for you.} {D: Now you've got} {C: rooster crowing} fifteen cents {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} ten cents a dozen is what you'd get {D: for your egg}. That's why I {D: test} uh, a lots of this uh, you know, you, woulda done that in the {X} {D: I'd go along with it} and if some 505: #1 {D: I think somebody} # Aux: #2 -body. # 505: need a {D: favor.} Aux: I don't- {C: rooster crowing} I don't {C: rooster crowing} {D: see a way}. {C: rooster crowing} 505: {X} Aux: Yeah. 505: Mm. Aux: It ain't the amount that uh, you make but charge amount that you can save. The uh, like if {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: you'll}, {D: you'll walk down} and make, ten or fifteen dollars a day and, you go to store, to buy- {X} {C: telephone ringing} {X} {C: telephone ringing} when you got it- {X} {X} {C: phone ringing} Interviewer: #1 Yeah I see people going # Aux: #2 I know. # Interviewer: #1 to the grocery store at home and, # Aux: #2 Hey. # Interviewer: pay something like #1 fifty or sixty # Aux: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: dollars and I can tell you that {D: um}, one bag of Aux: #1 Sure. # Interviewer: #2 sugar. # 505: Telephone. Aux: Yeah yeah. {X} about fifteen or twenty dollars going to the store {D: you had to have} to have you {D: a wedding or something}, 505: #1 That's- that's- that's Bill. # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: Yeah. Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} 505: Uh-huh.{C: rooster crowing} Man it makes it different in times then when it used to be. I can tell you #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: They would uh, {D: I can wear it anywhere.} Now I go if I don't get me uh, Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 she told me that uh # 505: #2 {X} # {D: Three hundred and something right there.} Aux: Uh, the {X} is uh, good with going Interviewer: #1 Did you # Aux: #2 and just you # Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {D: you know and uh} # Interviewer: #1 {D: long back then.} # Aux: #2 {D: Saturday.} # Interviewer: {X} you know what those days- Aux: #1 and I don't- # Aux: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 She said she did- she is alright. She is. # Aux: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {D: Is that right?} # Aux: #1 He said she went, # Aux: #2 That's right. # Aux: #1 you can take us on and if you # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 505: #1 if she is # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 uh you know # 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: Can you tell her to come share with her? {D: That's my} {C: rooster crowing} p-people do that now. {C: rooster crowing} If you ca- if you didn't {X} over here {D: house}. {D: Of nothing they got to} {C: rooster crowing} {X} you make her take a {X} to you. Aux: But George over here said he used to {D: to-} uh, 505: And uh, Aux: said {X} she still, #1 you know whe- when we were # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: six there was} #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # and even my daddy taking care of them {D: children.} When he died he- {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # -these children up here {D: in the} {X} and come up there to meet them. He go to store and then. {X} Aux: Not a lot of power when I go back to house. #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: mind what you see}. 505: Said uh- Aux: He said if she was feeling alright #1 {D: she would.} # 505: #2 {X} # But then give him over to. {D: Don't give them a whole can} uh but you- Aux: #1 Now I, # 505: #2 {X} # {X} Aux: call and let her know when I go back to the house. 505: And that's where people live in. {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} everything you get from each other {X} most {D: out the back.} {NS} And back in them days it's just like if you got sick or something, or something happens to you- to your family, and that gift {D: in your family} {D: that they didn't work} {X} Interviewer: Mm. 505: If it's near me it's close around I mean in the community. They didn't {X} They go there and {D: sit and drink with you} and share with you. And now you can't hardly get {D: people to} {X} when they're dead {D: they help cover you up}. Interviewer: So you just don't think the people are close as they used- 505: I know they're not. Aux: Yeah I know, not by a long shot. 505: Yeah. Aux: Everybody now look like {D: it's} trying to live for themselves and forget about, their neighbors and what not. Yeah I know, I was born and raised right {D: across the one} living there now. And uh, you didn't have to be sick, you- you just, you were farming and you got behind your crop, and other people {D: was up}, they would go in there and clean your crop out. Chop it and plow it at no cost they just, {X} them, {D: duty towards} each other. {D: They didn't have those} {X}. And they didn't. {D: neighbored around through} communities. Get behind the crop and {X} and, clean that crop out and {D: rise up} {C: rooster crowing} No charges. Interviewer: You know that makes things a lot easier {D: in our days} if people would just, do that. 505: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: Ya I- I {X} uh old man {X} he rode in this neighborhood down around. {X} And uh, {D: his barn got burnt up} {D: down there and} {D: right about} {D a mile} from here. And {D: wind up} {C: rooster crowing} {X} and, corn and all this farming equipment. So in my day they ate a lot of, extra flour too and old, {C: rooster crowing} {X} {X} and bought a new one. And they, {C: rooster crowing} give that uh, {X} give that {D: old man flour} enough to, make his crops while he didn't have to buy no flour. They'd had {X} corn. He'd take that wagon and come up there and load that wagon up with corn to {C: rooster crowing} help make his crop {D: long}. Cotton seeds and all {D: like that.} And {D: goes around.} This fall if you make a good crop why you get {X} corn {D: back that I} {X} plus what they give him. They would give him some {X} and then {C: rooster crowing} if he had plenty corn, he would come out and let him have what corn could finish his crop. And you just like we- we were kids, you got behind, you say you {D: go} {X}, {D: y'all are} {D: chop} cotton over there, pick cotton over there. {C: rooster crowing} While you was over there in {D: south} {X} you didn't know nothing about whether it he was a {X} {D: you didn't know about}. {X} going chopping and, {D: if there's any pay to} come uh, do, we be the one collect the pay. Interviewer: Oh ya. Aux: {D: You'd went out} and did the job. So it is so much different, so much different. 505: But that {D: ain't have to} happen now do you think children wouldn't like it? Aux: Uh-uh. Interviewer: #1 Why's that? # 505: #2 You be # children today but you be {X} today? {NS} Interviewer: I think if they were raised with that- Aux: #1 {D: That's that's right.} # Interviewer: #2 idea. # Aux: That's right. {D: Now the} thing about it why, children are. {C: rooster crowing} It's going to, {X} that- that- {D: president} {D: did pass} have uh, {D: failed} to put this {X} on the children {NS} or {D: train them} {D: as we were.} Now back then, {NS} if I did {D: coming on}. {NS} {D: You just been} in a neighborhood and uh, {NS} and all those folk was leaving and going someplace, {NS} and {D: even that} you sh- your next closest neighbor around around and he was, watching over you just like your mother and father was. If you kids got out {X} you'd- you got that. {X} If any of them old {D: peas} {X} like, just like your mother and father would. And if there's {D: mess there} they would whoop you like they would. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: When they'd call me {X} and you were gonna get another one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And, {D: of course} there never been more peoples {D: see you did.} Don't you {X} say you didn't do it. And they'd find me every time {D: you would drag it up}. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: And {C: rooster crowing} {D: yikes}. {X} Interviewer: Yep. Aux: If people was under that same rule now. Uh the {D: general} {X} and reform school wouldn't be full of young people like {D: here}. Interviewer: Yeah I know. Aux: That's right. But what's never- you fail to train your child and at home grew up, saying and doing just about what he want to uh you know, when he come he gonna {C: rooster crowing} {D: remain a} {X}. He- he got no fear. Who's he got to fear? But, I was {X} but he didn't have to be the old persons any young person when I was a kid growing up, if he told me to do something, I did it because I thought it was right to do it you know that I was {D: I mean you had the mind the older people just} like that. You couldn't catch a young kid {D: saying now not a kid} do you nothing wrong will cuss you out and tell you something you ain't heard before. {NW} {X}{C: rooster crowing extremely loudly} but {D: And their parents it's like being in.} {X} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # Aux: #2 It's like yes # or no to their mother and father {D: is his.} {X} {NS} {X} 505: One thing they teaching that in a school and uh- Aux: Thirty- thirty years old and, I was just a {X} getting my dad and mother a- a {C: rooster crowing} {D: back wood a sharp wood} as I was when I was three year old. I think, after me and my wife married my daddy's health was bad {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} the house. {D: Me and} my mother for three years before me and my wife moved out. But what's {D: never he said do} I was taking care of the farm and you disable. {X} {C: rooster crowing} -but what's never he said he want it done. Well I liked {D: to know} I went on and did because that was his orders. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And I think that's, the way it should be now. {D: You a} kid now and {D: get up here} ten twelve years old talking about you can't do nothing {D: with you}. My dad told me he says, when you get grown enough why you can't do what I {D: uh}, tell you to do. Said I had to go to {X} Said you better hit it. Interviewer: That straightened him out pretty quick. Aux: That's right. {NW} I said uh he says I don't care how you did it. {C: rooster crowing} {D: All you} {C: rooster crowing} {D: kick down the roof} that I'm {D: uh ruin all those}, you gonna do what I said do. Interviewer: You mentioned your wife, how old is she now? Aux: My wife is uh, sixty-seven. Interviewer: Was she born in this same area? Aux: Yeah uh y-yeah {D: up the uh}, {X}. I believe she was born in {X} County. Interviewer: In where? Aux: In {X} County. {NS} And I think she born in {X} County and the, uh, mother moved her here, small kid but, she moved a lot of county over the year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Y'all both go to the same church? Aux: That's right. Interviewer: That Baptist church right there? {C: rooster crowing} {NS} Aux: {X} Baptist Church. Interviewer: So you say her people came from {X} county? Aux: Yes sir. Interviewer: Can she take- can she take them any further back than that? Maybe where her parent- her grandparents or, some of her ancestors were #1 {X} # Aux: #2 No I couldn't # now because the, the {NW} {C: rooster crowing} {X} when they moved over here, they li- they {X} uh, move in uh, what we call up in an {X} which is about three miles from here. {NS} And uh, {NS} we were living down here and, I didn't come to know her until, nineteen nineteen nineteen I think. Well we we move here up in that neighborhood where they was, that's when we got {D: acquainted with}. I do know they come from {X} county the whole year. I didn't know uh any her ancestors, others. She had uh uncles, which was her mother's brother-in-law. He just {D: Charlie Thomas.} He, he come from {X} county also. And her, father was {D: Charlie Thomas's} brother. They all was no move from {X} county over the year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how old are you right now? Aux: Seventy-two. Interviewer: Seventy-two. Y'all {D: with} that farmer? Aux: That's right. Interviewer: You're not- are you the oldest of the, children? Aux: Yes {X} I got a, sister, {D: who had} passed then seventy she was, older than I was. Two years older than I was. {D: Mary.} She was married to, John {B}. Interviewer: I see. Let me let me ask uh, uh, {D: Buford} about a few things I asked you about #1 yesterday when we- # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: we were talking about, uh, the house, and things in the house and all like that. What would you call, uh the best room in the house? That you might use for company and, for something like that Aux: Uh, which would I call the best room? {X} west room. {X} west room. 505: But when {X}{C: rooster crowing} if you had a den, um, a living room, uh what did we say that {D: that was}? Interviewer: A living room or a parlor 505: #1 A parlor # Interviewer: #2 or something like that. # 505: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: Yeah. That would be {X} parlor {D: the west room.} Interviewer: Mm. Aux: but we lived in this room and, {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: side room there.} Two room, the kitchen, and the little side room. {D: In fact} it was a back porch and we just boxed it in. Interviewer: Oh yeah. About how- about how big are your rooms? Aux: Mine is uh, sixteen by fourteen with a ha- a six foot hall between the two rooms then the kitchen sit, on the back. {D: So} the uh, east room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. About how tall were the ceilings? Aux: {D: Divided by} eight foot {D: wall}, uh. Interviewer: What do you c- what do you call that thing on the top of the house you know that smoke comes out of? Aux: Chimney and, uh, chimney on one end and the flue on the other one. The flue {D: it is} {D: he said} {X} about {D: seven in the} house the flue go from the north, look {D: through the} top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: But the chimney is built from the ground on up you know. Interviewer: You- you probably s- uh still see some houses with these stoves you know you use for heat? Aux: That's right. Interviewer: Do you what do you call the- that pipe that goes from the stove up, you know to the? Aux: That's the stove pipe. Interviewer: That's the stove pipe. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: Is that uh} on some houses the flue's outside? Aux: #1 That's right. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: We have seen them- others uh, {X} how they uh, they don't require you to build, those what we call {D: a swaying} flue. You get up in your log cut a hole about like that {X} and light I don't see why the light but {D: you look close to the wall you won't.} But he cut a hole down he got {D: stakes}, that {D: they build} along that, {X} ain't going out through the {D: log}. But then now that, if you gonna build a flue, it's supposed to be built from around, on up just like the chimney is. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: Said it's, it's, {D: danger} {X} fire getting in the log, go up there in from the pipe and, cause you know, fire and, but if it goes up from the ground and this pipe go into the brick wall, and then there's no {D: danger} that the uh, cements that fall out between those bricks and {X}, {D: spot} could get into the {D: log}. Interviewer: Mm. And talking about chimneys, what do y- what do you call that great big tall thing that you see at factories or plants that the smoke comes out #1 of? {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 That's smoke stack.{C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: That's smoke stack. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: dog howling} we call it {X}{C: dog howling} and you know what {D: same person}. 505: Yeah you {X} {D: and then come on} {X} {X}{C: dog barking} Aux: {X} {C: dog barking} 505: {NW} Interviewer: We were talking about, having a fireplace in the house yesterday. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: What do you call that open area right in front of the fireplace? Aux: {D: The uh- the uh- the uh fire department,} is uh- is right here. You've got a, you have a little {D: mounting board up there and}, {X} {D: so high that}- why you, put your wood in and you {D: heat it}, {X} fire. Interviewer: What what do y- what do you call those big chunks of wood that you put in your fireplace? Aux: Back log. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what about the wood that you use to start it you know the #1 {D: burn wood?} # Interviewer: #2 Well that's just # Aux: {D: uh}- your smaller wood #1 {D: would be.} # 505: #2 {X} # {X} Aux: It's like you got there and cut down a big tree {X} like that and a {D: larger} according to the what size, you know, fireplace you have. Put them {D: on that an- that-} {D: to hold your} heat, {D: throw your heat out}. Put that big log right there and then, {C: background noise} add your small wood to it and, {C: background noise} {NS} {D: have you a fire} {X} {C: background noise} Sit back and {C: background noise} relax. {C: background noise} {NW} Interviewer: Is that small wood the same thing as kindling? Aux: Yeah oh {D: I was} kindling and uh just like you're {D: limbs on the} tree and then {X} {D: your big wood you would}, you know {X} it up into small {X} {C: rooster crowing} You add it to that back log you call. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: That back log {D: gets} {X} {D: say uh} we're burning some of my small wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: I make {D: put on} back log that, {X} {D: today} and, you had to have mighty cold weather where you was {D: last} {X} just about all day. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: But, {C: rooster crowing} in that small wood brought out why you just {D: continue to} add the small wood onto that back log. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Maybe about, late this evening getting ready for night. That back log probably done burn enough, you pull it to the front and put another one on back there. {X} {D: saving your} smaller wood. Interviewer: Well what about those things that you lay the wood across in your fireplace? Aux: Dog irons. Interviewer: Dog irons. Aux: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: And when the- when the wood burns down, what's that stuff that's left? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Those are the ashes.{C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: What color are those usually? Aux: Uh, {D: tire} gray. Gray ashes. Uh that- {X} just like, you would uh, {NS} cut down a tree or something. {D: burn up that and} know when the, all the coals {X} {C: dog barking} you just gotta be a {X} {C: dog barking} {NW} {C: dog barking} {NS} Interviewer: And what about that black stuff you know that'll form on the {C: dog barking} #1 {D: inside?} # Aux: #2 And that's # soot. That's uh smoke {D: settling} on the chimney on the uh, pipe, {D: you on}, that uh, you know from the {D: film} where the wood was sitting on the, inside of that pipe. I uh, {D: through the} chimney. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well tell me- tell me about some of the things uh, that you'd have in the best room in your house. You know that people sit in and, things like that. Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} there'd be couches and {C: rooster crowing} {X} and, these big {D: foam} rockers and, {X} like that. TVs. 505: {X} Interviewer: What's that? 505: {X} set. Interviewer: What is that? 505: That's a set that goes in this corner {X} just, really just some- some of them big enough- just big enough for two to sit on. {X} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {D: Right.} Interviewer: Have y'all ever heard people call {C: dog barking} uh, {C: dog barking} couches anything else {C: dog barking} besides just couches? Aux: {NS} Yeah I {X}{C: dog barking} right now. 505: #1 {X} {C: dog barking} # Aux: #2 {X} {C: dog barking} # 505: {NS}{C: dog barking} Some of them call them {D: devonettes} and uh, some of them call them couches now. Just like uh, that couch I {D: got over there}, it's just a {D: hideaway bed}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: The mattress maybe thirty meter on {D: two of them} and all you got to do is unfold it then you take the pillows off. And on the floor {X} see that mattress is made onto a {D: bed}. And then they- they call them hideaway beds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: Uh yes and you is} just like a couch because you got you can fold it up. And it's a mattress is a {X} and you don't know it's a {X} until you let it out. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: Yeah you. #1 And you can call them some couches some hideaway beds # 505: #2 Uh. Uh. # and, some sofas. Different things {D: to cover}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Yeah uh the {D: there are some of the} the couches have made it {D: just} uh, you know. 505: {X} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 Sit in it. # And some of 'em well you can either pull 'em and let 'em out to make a bed out of it. Interviewer: Well what about some of the things that you'd only have in your bedroom? 505: {D: Well} mostly in a bedroom you'll have, dresser, {D: chestnut and,} TV, sitting chairs. No {X} sometime do have a {X} rocker and different thing like {X}, what size your room is. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: Yeah there are a lot of people. 505: {D: Most is that uh} just the #1 sitting chair in there # Aux: #2 {D: All of the} # 505: one big rocker in there something like that. {D: It's called} {X} what size your room. Interviewer: Mm. 505: The way they're building the houses now the room is so small. You can't get too much in one room, #1 because # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: #1 {X}. # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: {NW} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 In the front of the sides of the house. # 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: #1 You have to- # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: your space your living {D: and the stuff} according to the room you have. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Some people have just, a regular, company room just, maybe a couch and a chair a, table or something like that in there. {D: But then like} you ain't got, room enough you have to, you know, space them around the {X} {D: because of} the uh room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: You have. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the place where you hang up your clothes #1 in your bedroom, that's your? # Aux: #2 {X} # {X}, and you got the- some- you could have a 505: #1 Closet? # Aux: #2 Chifforobe # and closets and {D: hang them in}. Interviewer: Have you ever seen a- a big piece of furniture that you could use just to hang clothes up in? Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: That wasn't} built into the house. Aux: #1 That's right. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # {X} Interviewer: Well it was called what? Aux: {D: Wardrobe.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: The old one was, {X} {D: where y'all hide this log}. 505: #1 {X}. # Aux: #2 {X}. # 505: {D: teach in between}. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # Aux: #2 They- # they got them, cut down now 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {D: and why they're called} # 505: #1 sometime some of 'em got glass in the doors just like # Aux: #2 chifforobes. # 505: {X} and then some are just plain doors. Aux: But the whole- whole uh style it called {D: a wardrobe} They, they, {D: double glass is in it}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: And you say to} open up and just hang your clothes in there. Now they got, chifforobe with the one side you hang your clothes in and, the other side is drawers. #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: {NS} Interviewer: What about these things on- that you have on your window to keep the light out? 505: #1 Shades? # Aux: #2 Uh the window shades. # 505: {D: They uh- they up} there? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: {D They got little} {X} {D: but it stay up there.} Aux: {X} 505: I got 'em in all my rooms. Interviewer: Well what about these things on rollers you know, that you can pull down? 505: #1 {D: Those are the same # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: #1 things. # Aux: #2 those are the window shades. # Interviewer: Those are shades Aux: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 too? # Have you- well what about these things you know that, you can adjust 'em? 505: {D: Venetian blinds} Interviewer: {X}. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you have any other of those, blue- Aux: No I don't. #1 {X} # 505: #2 I do. But I ain't got 'em up # #1 I had taken 'em down cause I got tired of them. # Aux: #2 You? # {NW} 505: Yeah. Aux: {X} 505: {D: Couldn't} keep them {D: clean} {X} I got {D: window shades on all my windows} but I- I used to have {X} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {D: Well Venetian blinds} he got two string. One to, hold them in and the other to open them up. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: Alright.} Aux: {X} on {D: roll-roller} cause you could, put them up but, you- you would just, pull that {D: string} {D: and they would shift} like that. That let the light in then you put it {D: in their close}. {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} That's the same {D: question} uh, put it back in, window shade {D: up}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. What about some people have a place right at the top of the house, you know they climb up a ladder to get there and they might use it for #1 storing things? # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: Call that a Aux: #1 {D: That is uh}, # 505: #2 attic. # Aux: {X} where you go up in the attic. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: background noise} Aux: That was uh {D: uh so there are} some houses {D: it's been a} {X} {D: later houses} tell me they got uh- 505: Yup they got #1 that up # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: #1 there you can pull down # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 505: {X} {X} {C: recording glitch} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. {X} (C: glitch again} like that. Interviewer: We were talking about, your kitchen though {D: today.} 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {X} {C: glitch} house that who had a kitchen, built away from the main house? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah. Interviewer: Was anything, you remember that- what that was called in particular? Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: and a regular} cook kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Yeah you j- I've known 'em {X} you have a, a walkway from your {C: rooster crowing} main house out to the, kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But what about a room that was built right off the kitchen that you might use to store things in there like, {C: rooster crowing} canned goods or {C: rooster crowing} #1 extra dishes. Something like that? # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. We I had one when I lived in {X}. Interviewer: What did you call it? 505: I called it a shed room. Interviewer: Shed room? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} where I kept my {C:rooster crowing} {X} and some like things I didn't use {X}, I stowed back in there. Some folks call it a storage room. {C: rooster crowing} But that's {C: rooster crowing} {D: meaning about the} same thing it does a shed, that you don't use for a bedroom and, I just call it the shed room because uh, most of what was in there was junk. Aux: #1 Uh you don't # Aux: #2 {X} # Don't use that room for no living quarters. #1 {D: More of it to store things} # 505: #2 {NW} # #1 Yeah now that's called the shed room. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: {D: But some of 'em} call it a storage room. Aux: Mm. 505: Just like this room at the back here. This is where they're {D: deep freezing} thing in the house small. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: Now I {D: can just see} I got a {D: itch} {D: to tell you cause I don't use them like that and the} {D: heat go} {X} Interviewer: #1 So is the- # 505: #2 {X} # The house is small, and I just call it a storage room. Because that's {D: most like keeping} my old things {D: storage} back there. Interviewer: You ever hear- heard people call it just a junk room #1 or something like that? # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: Some of them call it a junk room. Interviewer: Junk room? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about, uh when you get up every morning and clean up around the house, this thing that you sweep the floors with? 505: Broom? Interviewer: Have you e- have you ever seen an older fashioned type then the one you have over there? 505: Mm-hmm. I have someone, they come {D: around} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} homemade. And {X}. {D: Then I} {X} I have seen folks that, you know, {D: poor} like myself they uh, {D: were able to} buy my broom and {D: things is} way back {D: down} when I was {D: a lonely kid}, they would {D: go to the} {X} to the field they call it- you ever seen a {D: sage} broom? You don't know what that is? Interviewer: A what kind of room? 505: {D: Sage} broom. Interviewer: Sage broom. 505: {D: Grow out in the field?} Interviewer: Uh I've heard of it, I don't think I've seen one though. {C: rooster crowing} 505: Well I have seen peoples {C: rooster crowing} {D: that won't even buy a} broom. They'll take that stuff and, put it together and {D: tie} and sweep the house {X} yeah. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: Mm-hmm. And another used to be on uh, just like we bought a broom back {X}. Well I guess {D: I'm gonna have sage broom} making brooms {X} you know? Yeah and most kept the {D: yards shaven though.} {NS} And we used to pay to keep the yard clean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Cause we had raised geeses and {D: there'd be some in the front you know they had.} {X} And so we um, {D: the stuff you} {X} {D: they was sage broom.} {D: That they get a sage} broom, tie it around {D: as a stick.} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm.{C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: They're like a} {C: rooster crowing} broom wrap it down now and {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I don't know if you- you still do it or not, but used to be that, women just on Monday would do one particular thing. Kind of house work you know? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What did you usually do just on Monday with your, clothes and everything you know? 505: Well on Monday, well I tell ya what we {D: had to do}. {X} I never coulda had that {D: privilege}. Mother and me {D: were gonna} put them clothes up and hang them up in the sh- we had that closet in there and we had a chifforobe. We would put them clothes up and this time they hung. {X} Interviewer: Oh. 505: {X} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 505: {D: Then} mother was at the house. And then she {X} because she would do the cooking, and most time she'd be in {X} with us and stay there about until ten thirty and then she'd go in house and cook. And we didn't have that people to do that you know {D: Steven had to go clean that house up and uh.} Aux: Yeah. 505: Hanging them clothes up in here they hanging them clothes up when you come. {X} {X} You ain't {X} a clothes a {X} {D: be colored clothes wherever you want it.} Interviewer: But did she usually do the washing on Monday? 505: No. She usually didn't do washing {X} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 Oh. # 505: last week and a half. Aux: {X} 505: {D: We farming like that} she'd cook you know Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {D: Well we'd} # Aux: about {D: Friday} and wash. 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: Except you know it rain then you got caught up in the {X} and that, Monday morning was, #1 the main morning you- you- you # 505: #2 Yeah. # Aux: {X} 505: {X} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Right. 505: If it's Monday she's in the garden and you're doing something don't worry yourself. Interviewer: How'd you have time enough to get all this done? Say it like you had a lot to do. Aux: Well I- {D: I} had a lot to do and uh you would get up and- {D: on time}. Interviewer: #1 Oh you had to get up # 505: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: real Aux: #1 Aw ya you'd # Interviewer: #2 early. # Aux: #1 get up and # 505: #2 Oh # Aux: #1 milk them cows and, # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: feed them hogs. And {D: at around} {D: least} seven o'clock uh both time {D: beforehand} 505: Mm-hmm we was in. Aux: you was in the field. 505: {X} Aux: #1 And, # 505: #2 {D: that's true}. # Aux: {D: chop there and} made it the {D: house} {D: why} she would, {D: quit around} about ten thirty go to house and cook dinner. And the rest of them {D: chop out there} until about eleven thirty, and then you go to house to dinner and {D: eat dinner.} And one o'clock {D: sharp} you were back out there with that hole. {X} {NS} 505: {D: She's} up in the, {D: his} {X} {D: group} {X} Aux: {D: Well} {X} 505: #1 But if I had to do it over again and place # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: {D: in} where your mother {X} I'd be {D: more like} {X} Interviewer: I think that hard work's really good for ya. Aux: #1 Y-yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You might not think it is at the time. # Aux: It's- it's- it's it was uh- a great expense. It cause a lots of people to {D: learn} how to save more, and how to earn what you want and still get out there, {D: work till you get a} real job and not {X} {D: robbing you} of what you {X}. {NS} But uh, {X} I said the older people {D: back} {D: there they} was pick on the kid, they had {D: certain} people for you to associate with, and, then when uh, up until you got grown, if you were going out, you had to let them old people know why you were going or why you want to go. You didn't dare say I'm going {D: you had} I want to go see the {X} can I go or do you care? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And if they permit you to go {D: uh} then you could go and {D: your order was} behave yourself. And you know what that meant. And if they heard it uh {D: may have been} a week after you done gone on your {NW} visit something where you a wrongdoing or acting with some other kid, uh then you had to give him. {X} Interviewer: Mm. Mm. Well let me ask you, what do y- what do you call these things that you'd have to go up to get from the yard up on the porch those would be the... Aux: Doorstep. Interviewer: Just- you call those the #1 doorstep? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Okay. Well what about if you were in a big house when you had to get from the first floor to the second you'd climb up the- 505: Stairway. Interviewer: Stairway. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: So a stairway inside and Aux: #1 Doorsteps. # Interviewer: #2 doorsteps # #1 outside. # Aux: #2 Right. # {NS} {D: Out.} 505: Have you ever did day labor? Interviewer: You mean, you know, physical labor? 505: Uh-huh. {X} Interviewer: I worked, let's see uh well I worked at a- at a packing plant. Meat packing plant and you had to do a lot of physical work #1 there and # 505: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: I worked out on a highway department you know for uh road construction Aux: Sure. Interviewer: that kind of thing. {NS} Yeah I've. 505: But you have never did no farm work have Interviewer: #1 you? # 505: #2 No # Interviewer: farm work. I was just, I wasn't raised on a farm, #1 but I- I visited # 505: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: I- some relatives on a farm and you know did some farm work when I- when I visited them. But uh, you know they were the ones who raising chickens. 505: Yes. Interviewer: I don't know if I told you about that or not but uh not a {X} period of time. 505: {D: Well I realize giving} {X}, about it, you don't know nothing about it but if- if I had to just uh, do one kind of work, farm work I {X} public work, I would really rather do farm work. Now everyday, you gotta go do your job but sometimes {D: I didn't}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And this {D: real farm}, {X} the best work on a farm that's a paying good wages {X} {D: you doesn't have to pay as you} {X} I would rather the farm. Interviewer: Well a- and again, it's something that you're doing for yourself. 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 {X} # {X}. Interviewer: So you know you take pride in it. 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Ya. Aux: {D: Nah} you take uh, 505: {X} Aux: #1 {D: If I'm} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: working on a {D: corporate} job out there I don't {D: mind if they're either} doing their job, to make the days. But {D: if I'm} out there on the farm working to my own {D: end and} I'm trying to rake that crop or {D: grew} the crop as papa would. {X} {D: If he did I'll} {D: maybe go out there and hand} chop the cotton or something like that {X} Just, {X} why not? {X} {X} Aux: {X} I have uh, work. {D: I'll probably work} cutting timber, working saw mills, {C: rooster crowing} like that but, always have been a farmer. Never, never get- work a public job. {X} Interviewer: Hmm. Aux: {D: I don't} worked up there {X} and, on the {X} job up there, but the cousin of mine he was a concrete {C: rooster crowing} {D: finisher.} {C: rooster crowing} We'd- we'd {D: pull} one bridge up there, a hundred and twenty-eight feet long. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {NS} Were you you talking about some work Interviewer: #1 {D: A pretty big one} # Aux: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I'll bet. Aux: Yeah it- {D: as a} {D: I'd say on uh} {D: let's see uh} {C: rooster crowing} highway uh, seventy {D: seven} {D: something I just can't remember what number} but anyway, it's uh six miles up {X} there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: We started on that {D: bridge there in} September. And this was in November when we, {D: got to uh} {D: uh we had to this is}{C: rooster crowing} this is a {D: ditch} {D: coming through here} we {D: went in there and} {D: had done} you know, {X} on up. Then we {D: had to} {D; go there} and {D: grade} this ditch down and then uh, set up {D: farm} and {D: fold this} {D: floor} here concrete. {D: At} where the water come through. Then, set up them farms up here, and pull the wall, {NS} and then {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} the cars and things to pass over top of it all down out here this is {D: where the water} come through, under the bridge. And we- we had that river was a hundred and twenty {D: and a half} feet long. Interviewer: Mm I'll bet you were familiar with every foot out of it weren't ya? Aux: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: from beginning to end. {C: rooster crowing} {X} And me and my brother {D: both were.} Course I, I started at, Thursday, working and my brother he was working out here {D: pulling on} at the packing plant. And uh, he always was a little weaker, because he had- had {D: pneumonia}. Now I didn't want him in that water. And I {D: told him I said was uh}, I was getting {D: a dollar} and just {D: come and labor} out there, for a dollar and ninety cents now, I think you'd get more money out of {D: that} and then {D: you} {D: won't} be in that {D: waters if} {D: I get you on} uh would you go? He told me yes. {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {D: I says I got a brother.} He was still {D: hiring.} {X} Said I got a brother uh would uh- {D: would love to get on} a job if you still hiring. {D: He said uh} {D: when can you bring him?} {D: I said well uh} it'll be Monday. It's around Monday {D: you bring him on.} I came on up there and Monday man hired me {D: and then I worked there} {NS} {D: throughout} all, the time {D: we was building those bridges.} We've, built two bridges, all {X} they would cross the road {D: there.} {D: Plus they're} {D: hard} twenty foot bridges. {D: And they} had some, {D: sewers} you know across the highway uh, {D: part of a sewer} you go through there and you put those concrete {D: caps} you know, {D: over the end of them.} At the last job we was, them was putting the caps on those {D: sewers.} And then, {D: start uh} snowing and, cold weather come. No you couldn't do no good pouring concrete #1 {D: then.} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah? # Aux: {NS} {D: So quick}. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {D: So I} got uh, pretty good expense {D: and then on the first uh} {X} job was that type I worked on. {X} It don't take you long. {X} There's nobody to pull you. When you pouring concrete {X} y- you {D: done got in the work} #1 {X}{C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: But now, uh, if {D: that's it} you uh, {D: experience} a {X} and then you can, work to your own advantage {D: on the job}. Now we had a foreman there. I don't think he had- he just had him a good job and uh, he didn't understand {D: as well as uh}- we were {X} {D: the work I did.} But he {D: all year does that}, {X}{C: rooster crowing} And when he start {D to pouring it}, sometimes he poured, you know too stiff. And you had to, take that {X} and {X} it around. {X} He had to take that {X} and {X} around, in the corners and then, level it up like {D: you want.} But then uh, I'll {D: pick} {X} it's called a {D: booster.} You could put enough water in that concrete, why it would be kind of sloppy, you know not too sloppy when it, come out of that, the- 505: Mixer. Aux: uh, shoot. It would kinda spin itself. {D: Then anything called a} {D: booster} you could drop that thing {D: there and} get it started {X} and he would run that concrete. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: around just like you {D: want it}. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: So that {D: saves} a lot of that you know hard muscle work with. {X} Interviewer: All right. Aux: So, he just didn't seem to understand it and then, he l-l-looked like uh I don't know uh he didn't understand like this {D: was a} uh to do it the hard way. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {X} {D: But in} building that bridge, {NS} {D: you gonna look out for} {C: rooster crowing} yourself ain't nobody else looking out for you. Interviewer: Right. Aux: {X}. I {D: told him} one day, I says now, we are {D: shipped} in this {X} {X} {X} concrete, {X} got a, a {D: two to three} {X} uh we call them uh {X} {C: rooster crowing} concrete {D: set from here across} over there {D: that you could}- have just one or even two or three {X} {D: before you run that}, {D: and left this} and you would have to share with that. I {D: know that's in there.} You- you had enough water come in that concrete {D: let it} {D: turn it over} till you get it stirred up good. Now when it hit that floor, it's no problem to spread it like that. And one day {NW} {D: you take} {D: you chill} I {D: went there and} got that {X} dropped it in there {D: and just started} sticking it down in there {X} concrete run just like you {D: digging} a hole or something. {X} My cousin now he was the concrete. {X} He told me he said uh, that man just don't understand it. I said well, he share the work and I'm gonna use it. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: {D: Then I got}, {X} and dropped it in down {X} better than I can take that {D: say I was scooping it.} And you know they didn't didn't even want you to have a long {X} #1 It # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # Aux: {D: uh}, in in uh, {X} getting ready to {D: pull} on the ground. You had a {D: show} {X} You had to get {D: half in.} Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {X} Yeah {X} I don't know why they didn't have long. {X} You know this {X} you could, Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: stand up with them but, {X} we had it all {X} and the {D: we'd} been over there all day. {X} Sometime, you'd, come to {X} and see that I ain't doing {D: a thing.} {NW} But {D: it's still in motion.} Interviewer: Well I mean it's pretty rough {D: for ya.} Aux: Yeah oh yeah. Interviewer: Mm. Let me ask you about this expression. Let's say if I've if I came in the do- in the- your front door and I left the door open and you didn't want it to stay that way you'd {X}{C: rooster crowing} door? What about you? Would you say the same Aux: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 thing? # Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} some say close the door some say #1 shut the door it's all the same. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Sure.} # And you said shut the door {D: a lot}? 505: Uh sometime I do. Interviewer: Sometimes you do? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about on some frame houses uh, on the outside the boards kinda overlap each other like this you know? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What kind of board do you call that? Aux: Weather board. Interviewer: {D: Call it}- that's weather board? Aux: Mm-hmm. 505: That's on my house out there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what about if- let's say you were doing some carpentry work and you know say like nailing a board uh or something like that. You'd say you- you took the hammer and you, did what to the nail? You- 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {X} or drive it up. Interviewer: Mm okay. What about- what about you- what do you call the thing that covers the top of your house the whole thing- #1 that's your? # Aux: #2 {X} # the our roofing. A good roof on the uh house. {D: Whether it's} metal or, ti- I mean uh, wood, or shingles. {D: He'd already got} what you call a, {D: a sh-} wood {D: shingle}. Then you got a- a paper {shingle.} And then it's just a- a a {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X} but you y- you I've got all three of those to {X} with your metal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: For your your roofing. {X} Interviewer: Is that what you call it too? The? 505: Mm-hmm shingles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the whole thing the- 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The roof? # 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: and put it on wood {D: shingles.} {NS} You have, {D: what we call} {C: car engine} {D: on your rafters} {C: car engine} we call {D: layers} You put them space {X} you know closed up the other while one shingle was {D: reaching} up there too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: But and then uh {X}{C: rooster crowing} your your paper {D: shingles} you got a solid wall. And then the {D: sanding} go on top {D: and} you call that your {D: decking}, for your paper {D: shingles}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Well let me ask you this you know, some houses {C: rooster crowing} {D: have}{C: rooster crowing} different slopes of the roof #1 you know? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What do you call that place where two different slopes come together? Aux: {D: That's the} gutter. Interviewer: That's the gutter? Aux: Uh-huh. Between your {D: rooms} where you start from the {D: corner} and come down {X} just like that {D: kitchen out here} the rafters were this way on {D: it.} And then {D: just put it on this one} {X} but between those two rooms you, have the- a metal piece of tin and you'd start it at the upper {D: corner} come clean down to the outer edge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And that tin is cut, {D: I mean bent in} a trench like that. And then shingling, {D: uh easier.} {X} That, sand would come clean down in that gutter and that would give that water no chance to go up out of those {D: shingles.} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Oh yeah. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: But {C: rooster crowing} each uh {C: rooster crowing} gutter would bring um, {D: each side} would bring its water down to that gutter to drain it off of the house. Interviewer: Oh yeah. So you call the the things where the slopes meet, {C: rooster crowing} that carries off the water {C: rooster crowing} that's the gutters. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 You know on- # Aux: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: on some houses right at the side of the roof they have the same thing Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 just carried along # the sides? Aux: That's right. Interviewer: Is that the gutters too? Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} the gutter. Aux: Yeah some of them go all the way around. They {D: check} the water {X} running back in a barrel or somewhere to the b- uh run the water around to the back. {D: Where it won't} run all over the front. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: But they got uh, you know just {X}{C: rooster crowing} cause I {D: said} there like it is coming over the top. He go down and he'd {D: catch that} water and going {C: rooster crowing} around through the back. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} Let me ask you before you had indoor plumbing, you'd have a, maybe a toilet out back somewhere or something like that? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What did you call that? 505: Outdoor {D: restroom}{C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: {D: The restrooms?} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You ever heard people call it anything else? 505: Yeah some call it a- Aux: Bathroom. 505: a a bathroom some call it a toilet and some call it an outdoor restroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard people call it outhouse or- 505: Mm-hmm.{C: rooster crowing] {X}{C: rooster crowing} mm-hmm. Interviewer: It's all the same thing? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS} Yeah, well what about {C: rooster crowing} y'all- y'all know a lot about farms. What about some of the the different types of buildings you'd see on on farms around here? Aux: {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: most of them} was uh just, {D: call them frame houses} {D: to some- well} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: Near the back there's a lot of them} {C: rooster crowing} {D: with the long houses.} Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 505: #2 I told him the house # {D: that he was born in was} Aux: {NW}. 505: #1 {D: some of it} # Aux: #2 Yeah. # 505: #1 {D: long.} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # #1 Well # Aux: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: what about the the buildings that you'd keep the animals in? What would? Aux: {NS} {D: That would be uh the} {C: rooster crowing} stock barn. But some people call them {D: crib} but {D: you put your} {C: rooster crowing} {X} while you put your corn and hay in but, the animal barn all built you know #1 {D: surrounded.} # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NS} Would you have anything besides a corn crib {C: rooster crowing} where you'd keep grain? Just any? Aux: Oh yeah you you had {C: rooster crowing} uh people that {X} at the time they had wheat bin, cotton seed bin. {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: all they run the same ship there} around the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: But you had bins where you'd {C: rooster crowing} {D: well you know the grain that you would harvest}. 505: Have you ever seen the? {X} Interviewer: I don't think that- {C: rooster crowing} {NS} {C: rooster crowing} 505: Well my father use to have one and he would build a shed up over it. Something to- {D: like a house top like this and}, and box it in all around there and he'd make {X} kind of like a trough but there'd be, you know {X} you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And you put that down in ground and then you go out, up through the up there by the {D: kitchen area you know.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And then he would {D: make us get}, {D: straw} and {D: corn stalks} and thing and {D: bring them and}, he would {D: pour them taters} in there and then- and then he'll put {D: 'em in and then you'd put a lid} on top of that. Interviewer: Mm. 505: Them taters stay there over and never {D: freeze.} Interviewer: Is that right? Well tell me about places where you keep grain. Have you ever heard anybody call a place like that a granary? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What- just- {D: keep}- just about any kind of grain Aux: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {D: in there?} # {NS} What about, when uh- after you got through cutting the {D: hay} {C: chicken clucking} instead of baling it, C: chicken clucking} you might just pile it up in a big pile in the field? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 What would you call # that? You'd say you had a #1 what? # Aux: #2 I # uh, not {X} with uh {D: me.} {D: But you call} uh, hay {D: shock} And some of them was uh. {X} A {D: shock} they would get them up poles, and dig a hole there in the ground {C: rooster crowing} {D: and get you a long pole} and just, put that hay all around that pole and pack it down {X} {D: why their foot} would have a bigger pole on the ground you know uh, why the water would run through under it. {D: Would ruin the hay}. Yeah you put that hay down {D: there} and pack it down there. And when you got the pipes you wanted you have most of your grass type of hay. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: Put that on top of that and just kinda you know {NS} {D: top it all while}, the grass would be on top. And that hay was set down {X} and that grass is uh {D: rain} if it were to come, would run that water off the top and you go ahead and take that top cap off, now here you gots to put them {D: right around back.} {X} Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: That's right. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: And {D: in other words} you can uh, just put down a long {X} the same way. If you'd unload it off your wagon, somebody place it on that {X} but you have it without {X} with a, a {D: follow-up to it.} Have it high {D: in the middle of all that} water would {D: drain to the outer edge.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: And when you pack it down there and it {X} put that {D: uh I see that} grass capping over top of it Interviewer: {NW} Aux: and you'd be {D: going around} in the spring year and, and after all there was, and he stayed out there and would not been {X} just that grass. And lift it up. {X} Interviewer: Do people around here have any thing- any kind of frame or- or shelter they might put hay under if they weren't gonna put it in the barn? Aux: #1 Mm yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: uh we call it} {C: rooster crowing} hay shed. {D: I've} got uh, two down there cause I don't uh {D: eat uh} well I do put some hay {D: you know.} {X} But I've mostly, bale my hay and I put it up in the {D: loft}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And then uh, have the shed that I put my cows and hogs to {NS} be in in the winter time {D: get them out of the weather.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Do you have any particular kind of name for just smaller piles of hay that've been swept up in the field or anything like that? Aux: Ya they- they call those uh shocks. Interviewer: #1 Shocks? # Aux: #2 Shocks # of hay. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: Now in years back} people used to do that but they don't {X} they don't do that anymore. You used to go out there and mow that hay down, let it lay there until you say about a day and a half depends upon what type of hay it was. {D: rooster crowing} Then you go down and rake it up in {D: windrows.} Then we'd go out there and take pitch forks and, shock that hay up in shocks, so high. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Then you'd go there and make another shock. {D: Let it set down} that shock {X} {C: rooster crowing} we were, two or three weeks at a time {C: rooster crowing} {D: alone in that}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And {D: you'd set down that} shock until you go back down and bale it. Then we would uh, have what you called a {NS} {D: take a wagon} {C: rooster crowing} unload that uh hay {X} to the baler {D: while you gonna bale it at.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Then, we uh- we had a- we call a hay ra- uh sweep rake. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: You put a {X} to it. {X} Space about as wide as this room {X} one over there, and it had, prongs on uh. {C: rooster crowing} {X} You just, run it right around the bottom of that shock of hay. Pick it up {D: and go up to the next shock} until you get about three four shocks {C: rooster crowing} {D: on there}{C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X}. Let them {D: prong} down and {D: you backs out of.} {X} Then the {D: man} at the baler would, you know, feed that hay on the bailer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Aux: And he'd call it a {D: sweep rake}. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: #1 He'd # Interviewer: #2 What's? # Aux: haul that {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} or these here gasoline presses {C: rooster crowing} wer- were stationary before we had the pick-up type of baler. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what about the building that you might keep your cows in if you didn't wanna have them outside? You'd call that just a? Aux: I uh cow stalls, stall for your cows. Lots of people have just a shed you know? {X} {C: rooster crowing} some have separate stalls {D: where you} feed your cows. I got, in mine I got a, a trough built down, where you can give them grain then. Then I got a hay rack, that goes down to the wall and put that hay in the rack. {X} {C: rooster crowing} so you can feed them grain in it {D: and either} throw that hay in the rack and, they can't pull that hay out you know just about {X} #1 {D: mostly had} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: to pull it, have slack like that and they- while they reach their mouth through there, and then they {D: uh try to eat} most of the hay they pull out {D: of their wall} #1 pull it on the ground # Interviewer: #2 {D: Right.} # Aux: {D: tramp} it all #1 under feet. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. What about if you had some horses would you keep them uh, in a separate building or #1 along- # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What would you Aux: #1 {D: That is} {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: #2 call it? {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: {X}{C: rooster crowing} each {D: view} would have a stall and when you {D: started} feeding well they'd all {X} {D: this door here} {X} {D: know his own} stalls just like, you know why you {D: slept} #1 at his own. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 and we # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 {D: had the frame} # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # Aux: {D: they'll} go in their stall. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what about your {C: rooster crowing} {D: hogs} you- you keep them in a? Aux: {D: Well the hogs} if you have a, a shed or something {D: then they all will} just go in there {D: huddle together} you know {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Well if you have some straw or something in their {D: bed and keep going.} Laying on {D: the} just the {D: naked} ground in the winter time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: And they go} {D: hell you put that straw there they'll make their own bed.} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Yeah. Well what about a farm that you just raised uh cows on you know for milk and butter? You'd call that what kind of farm? Aux: #1 {D: Uh} # 505: #2 Dairy- # Aux: dairy farm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a {C: rooster crowing} you know, before you had much refrigeration people might take the milk and butter down to a stream or somewhere where it's cool you know to keep it so it wouldn't spoil? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would- what- did you call that anything? Aux: #1 Well uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: in-in} I was growing up we didn't have a {C: rooster crowing} {D: spring} or nothing like that. {D: Mama would have us to} take a {D: tube} and draw water and then she would take that {D: churn of} milk and set it into {C: rooster crowing} this uh,{C: rooster crowing} tube of water. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: And that would the way we had to keep our milk cool. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: And we had a- a- a well cause {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: happened} to my grandmother's place that. {X} She had some wa- uh milk {NS} in a {D: jug and let it} down in the well to keep it cool, and I don't know someone {D: may be drawing water} {C: rooster crowing} forgot it and that bucket hit that jug and broke it and that {D: run the well of} the water. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: So we had to, fill up that well and dig {D: the water that's} down there, but they never did. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: You {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: put them in a} tub and set that {X} {D: of} water in the tub to keep it cool. Interviewer: Well, talking about the farm, what would you call that open place that you might have around the barn where the animals might walk around or-or something?{C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: The lot?} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: That'd be the lot? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Or what about the open place where your cows graze at the uh? Aux: #1 Pasture. # 505: #2 Pasture. # Aux: {D: The cow pasture}. Interviewer: Was that usually fenced in? Aux: Yeah. Yeah. 505: {D: And another pasture.} {X} {D: Just finished getting the} hogs and cows {D: whatever I have.} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: It's um} {D: too bad} {C: rooster crowing} {D: that uh} {C: rooster crowing} three or four {D: wire} fence, you know, for the cows with the your grazing {D: hogs} they probably have hog proof wire and uh {D: cattle wire.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: On top of your, have hogs and cows all in the same pasture. {X} {D: two of you.} {X} Interviewer: Now is that the kind of wire you're talking about that has those sharp little points {X}{C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: That's about right.} {C: rooster crowing} Mm that's the- {D: you can} {X} Aux: #1 Just the same # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: you know with those barbs on it. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: Uh it as I said uh {C: rooster crowing} {D: fence made with that} {C: rooster crowing} you would uh, {NS} see how {X} about that low to the ground and there was about six inches {D: on.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: Depending upon how you stop it} some people, {X} {C: rooster crowing} keep your cows in there and they wouldn't break out but then {D: your cows} {X} they usually have from three to four strands of that barbed wire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: And fencing.} Then, over there is in the {D: path you always nail your}{C: rooster crowing} wire on the inside {C: rooster crowing} of your pasture. So when your cows go {D: l-} {D: reach through there they} press against the poles they ain't get- press against the. {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Well what about in the days before you had much wire fence, then what kind of fences did you have? {X} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {D: Well uh}- {C: rooster crowing} 505: Rail fence. Interviewer: Rail fence? Aux: Uh yeah back {X} {D: those big rail.} Cause {X} too many people have uh, no cows to {C: rooster crowing} pasture and that type of fence {D: if you did it} was, {D: such a} a large {D: area why} you didn't have too much {D: no} finishing to do. Maybe, uh me and you live, on the same farm and, we all get together and fence in the {C: rooster crowing} {D: woodlot} {C: rooster crowing} pasture, and then {D: everybody's} cows, that's why they stay #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # Aux: If you want {D: you} a smaller pasture for mainly your {X} {C: rooster crowing} you kept them in the small {D: lodge} here at the house and the {X} {D: cows are} {D: gonna move} to the bottom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm.{C: rooster crowing} Talking about fences, have you ever seen the- this type of fence that some people ha- might have around the- their front yard or their garden. It's usually not as big and sturdy as a rail fence and it's, you know some of them painted white? 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: #1 Uh. # 505: #2 {D: Plank}. # Interviewer: {D: Plank} fence? Aux: That's right. {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: where a friend} {X} {D: of mine} used to live. {NS} He uh, bought that place, after {X} {D: died} and uh, he got him a, 505: Plank Aux: #1 a # 505: #2 fence. # Aux: plank fence. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as some people call it picket fence? Have you ever heard that? Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} 505: {X}{C: rooster crowing} {D: I heard about} Aux: #1 Ya. # 505: #2 {D: that.} # The picket fence Aux: #1 Yeah # 505: #2 {X}. # Aux: that's same 505: #1 Sometime # Aux: #2 thing. # 505: {D: now} they just, fix different ways. Some of us fix it like a "X" you know and they call it a picket fence Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 505: #2 {D: you know?} # (D: Up in there there's} planks there but they got it, got a {X} you know, {D: type} on top of them planks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: They just {D: uh you know} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: a {X} but it's. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Anyway- have you ever seen uh, {C: rooster crowing} any f- uh walls or fences or anything like that made out of loose stone or rock around here? Aux: #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # 505: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: {X} {C: rooster crowing} that much around Aux: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 here? # What about the stuff that your best dishes are made out of? You call that your? 505: China? Interviewer: Have you ever seen a an {D: egg} made out of something like that that, uh you might try- you might put under a hen to try and get them to lay? {C: rooster} 505: #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: #1 That's not a real egg? # 505: #2 {X} # #1 Yes. # Aux: #2 Artificial # egg. 505: Mm-hmm yes {X} My mother-in-law used to have a lots of #1 them yeah. # Aux: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {D: I know uh} # {D: peoples} that used to raise uh, a plant. It would grow {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: and they would, use them for those artificial egg and put them in the hen nest and take all the eggs out and leave that in there for, what you call a nest egg. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Well what about if you were going to milk your cows what would you take with you to catch your milk in? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: A bucket or what you call {X} milk pail. Interviewer: Mm. So uh is a m- is a pail and a bucket the same thing? Aux: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: You just use that for you know a certain {D: purpose or milk in there}. Interviewer: Well what about this thing that you might keep around your kitchen to throw scraps in or something like that for your {D: home}? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {X}{C: rooster crowing} Call it uh {C: rooster crowing} garbage can or {D: slop.} 505: #1 {D: Bucket yeah.} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: bucket- Interviewer: Slop bucket? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Mm. Well what about this thing that you would uh, use in the kitchen to fry eggs or ham in, something like that? 505: Skillet? Interviewer: That your skillet? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: Is that the same thing as a frying pan?} {C: rooster crowing} 505: Frying pan? Aux: Fry- #1 of course now your frying pan, it's a lighter # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 uh, uh build than your skillet is. # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Do either one of them have legs? 505: Some of them do. Aux: Uh yeah yeah they they uh 505: #1 {D: Old type do.} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 Old {C: rooster crowing} # type. {C: rooster crowing} {C: Cause there'd be} {C: rooster crowing} legs on them, but, some of them are called {D: oveners.} 505: Mm. Aux: They had legs on them long just about size of a {X} and then you had a lid top to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: You'd- the older people used to cook on them. They'd make up the {D: dough} cut out the {D: biscuit and} put it in and put that {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} on them, {C: rooster crowing} and put it down at the fireplace. And just put them on the embers on it and on top of that oven. {D: It would brown your biscuits like it would in a cook stove}. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call that a spider or something like that or a baker? Aux: Yeah. {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Well what about you were telling me yesterday about these big black wash pots, 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 sometimes # you see out back? Is there anything that's like a pot except might be a little smaller that you could use inside a, I don't know maybe a {C: rooster crowing} {D: boil tea in it and it might have a spout} {C: rooster crowing} you know something like 505: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 that? # 505: {D: soak} pot. Aux: {X} pot, and then they got the. 505: {D: Tea cup}. Aux: {D: Get your uh} cook pot's what you, cook {X} cause most people now have a {X} {C: rooster crowing} cook. {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: But those are {D: regular} {D: part} that they cooked in that we {D: raised on it.} {D: They-} we have one of them at the house down there. {C: rooster crowing} Black just like the wash pot {C: rooster crowing} is it. Put it on the f- cook stove uh, oh, {D: in uh the uh} {D: heating systems here.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Cook. And food had much better {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: {D: You're doing things now.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you- what would you c- if you have some uh- if you went out and picked some flowers or something like that, what would you call the thing that you'd put the flowers in and put up on the counter or something like that? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Vase? Interviewer: That'd be your vase? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is there any difference between a vase and the thing that you might uh grow your flowers in? 505: Yeah. Interviewer: The uh? 505: Well- Aux: {D: I'll tell you} #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: what you grow your #1 flower # 505: #2 Vase # Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 your flower pot- # 505: #2 {X} # {X} be your vase what you put {X} Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} sitting on a dresser you know and see flowers there on a table. {X} {D: Wander around there in the house} {D: getting me flowers but} your vase and then your flower pots. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what about some of the utensils, you know that you have at your table {C: rooster crowing} to eat with uh, during a meal you'd have your? 505: Spoon, knife, and fork. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: okay. Now wh- what about when you uh {NW} after you get through with a meal and you have to wash your dishes? What do you call tha- that cloth or rag that you use to wash the dishes with? 505: #1 {D: Cup towel}. # Aux: #2 {D: Dish towel.} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} {C: rooster crowing} you know to handle your hot skillets and things with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And then they got a regular cloth that they wash dishes with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Drying cloth and, then. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Is that what you call {C: rooster crowing} the ones you dry the dishes with, the drying 505: #1 {D: Cup towel.} # Interviewer: #2 cloth?. # Cup towels same thing? Well what about this cloth that you might use uh when you're taking a bath, about hand sized you know? Aux: Bath cloth. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Bath cloth? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And the big one that you dry off with thats the? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Bath towel. Interviewer: That's the bath towel? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about this thing that uh water comes out of, uh on your kitchen sink, you'd call that the what? Aux: {D: Your hydrant}. Interviewer: That'd be the hydrant? Is that what you would call it too? {C: rooster crowing} Well what about the thing that water comes out {C: rooster crowing} you know in your front yard, what would that be? 505: #1 {D: That's the hydrant, that's the outside hydrant.} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # That's the outside hydrant? #1 Or something? # 505: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 Well what- {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 Yeah I {C: rooster crowing} # {D: I want} {C: rooster crowing} my old well. We used to draw water when I got {D: you know} more of them put on there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And then I would put running water to the kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And I got a {X} {C: rooster crowing} while I was running water to get to the {D: stalk} {C: telephone ringing} and then the {C: telephone ringing} {D: same as a hydrant} connected {D: to get} water in to the kitchen. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} water in the house for washing and to put where you need #1 and, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: the other went out {D: in the lot} for the livestock. {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well you've-you've probably seen these portable water containers {D: or jugs or something like that you know} {C: rooster crowing} and some of them have #1 this little thing that you can # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 press and water will run out. # 505: #2 {D: Water faucet.} # Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you call-do you call that a faucet? 505: Mm. Interviewer: {D: Over that too?} 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: Uh- yeah it's a f-} you mean just like uh 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {D: where they keep} # the cold water {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} #1 that's the water fountain. # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: We, had one at the church uh- 505: No he mean this water {X} for the #1 kitchen you already got a little # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 505: {X} Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: You ever heard people call those things that the water comes out of on those portable containers spigots, or something like that? 505: Mm some of them call them {X} {C: rooster crowing} #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-kay. Well what about uh, you know you might get up one morning during the winter and it- it might've been so cold that when you turn on the water nothing comes out and you'd say like like well my goodness it got so cold last night {C: rooster crowing} that the pipes? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: #1 Freeze up. # 505: #2 Freeze. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: Mm-hmm. {X}- Aux: My {X} #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What happens to them usually when it- that they just uh, the pipes uh, Aux: Burst? Interviewer: Is that what causes Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 them? # 505: #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: You can get some uh container, something like a faucet {D: there's something} {D: in the hole up in} in the {D: middle of that ice and you'd break it loose and then.} {X} But when it's really cold you know it's gonna be cold like the one last month. If you just let that faucet just. {C: rooster crowing} {X}{C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Well what about if you were gonna buy a fairly large a- amount of lard or molasses or something like that what would it probably come in? Aux: Well uh, it did used to uh {D: you'd get} lard come in cans. {C: rooster crowing} {NS} {D: Lard cans} {C: rooster crowing} And they got uh you know different size now buckets. {D: Can oh thirty-five uh} pounds {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} buckets that the lard come in now. Interviewer: A lot of flour would used to come in a? Aux: {D: Oh yeah.} 505: {X} Aux: A-and the lard too. {X} {C: rooster crowing} they used to get their lard by 505: {D: Barrel?} Aux: {D: Barrel} just like they do the flour, but all that is {D: done away with.} {D: Now they} got paper bags Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # Aux: #2 and, # 505: #1 {D: And they you know they used t-} # Aux: #2 paper sack # 505: they used to call them {X} Aux: {X} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X}{C: rooster crowing} have you ever heard people call uh, uh, refer to anything as a stand of anything? #1 A stand of lard or a stand of molasses? # Aux: #2 Mm. Mm-hmm. # 505: That's the twenty-five pound stand of lard and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: and a twenty- Aux: #1 {X}, # 505: #2 five pound- # Aux: {D: years back uh}, {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X} would put that lard in {D: barrels and things} your {D: barrel.} It was substantial enough you know to hold that {D: lard but} {D: down}, {D: but anyways} the can and {D: shifting it around} it would {X}{C: rooster crowing} a wooden crate built around those lard stand just big enough to you know protect that lard . #1 And you'd # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: {D: sit in the}{C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {NW} in case it {D: throwing it} around {D: while that}- you wouldn't, you know {D: bend up your can or spill the lard}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: That wood frame around {D: would protect it.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well let's say if you were trying to pour something {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} into a {C: rooster crowing} a large container into a small mouth bottle? What would you probably have to pour it through you know to keep from spilling all over #1 the place? # Aux: #2 A faucet. # Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Faucet. {C: whispered} Interviewer: Is that the same thing as what some people wanna call a funnel or #1 something like that? # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #1 Same thing. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm # faucets. Interviewer: Same thing? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if you were driving a- a buggy {C: rooster crowing} and uh {C: rooster crowing} you wanted your horses to go faster? {C: rooster crowing} What would you use to? Aux: Buggy whip. Interviewer: Buggy whip? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Crack around} #1 {X} # 505: #2 {NW} # #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # Yeah that's, {D: take it from anyone} #1 {X}. # 505: #2 I'll bet you got many # different things in a {D: buggy ain't ya?} Interviewer: Beg pardon? 505: I meant you got many different things {X} Interviewer: Many different things is 505: #1 {D: I'm pretty sure} # Interviewer: #2 that right? # 505: I- I'm sitting here looking at you #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: I see you. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: Now did you uh did you do- did you do that book yourself? Interviewer: Oh no, this was- this was done by {D: pretty similar people.} {C: rooster crowing} The man who's {C: rooster crowing} who's the head of the project. {C: rooster crowing} 505: Yeah. Interviewer: collaborated on it. These uh- these uh basically the same types of questions have been used in these other interviews across the country like in the {C: rooster crowing} New E-New England states, the eastern states, and- {C: rooster crowing} and the Midwestern states 505: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: here}. # So you see by using the same questions in different {D: persons} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} we can {C: rooster crowing} make comparisons {C: rooster crowing} like that. 505: That's what you do. {X} Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # Aux: #2 Yeah. # 505: And you {X} I tell him yesterday I was like {D: tells everybody} {X} what you told me twenty-six? Interviewer: Twenty-seven. 505: Twenty-seven. I told him I said I know you {X} kid. Aux: Yeah. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 {NW} {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: {NW} 505: But he's got a good job and uh- what'd you say you did that for? Interviewer: I- it's a- this is a- an independent research project to- it's a- it's a study of uh, native speech, you know of people who live in- in various {C: rooster crowing} communities in- in about eight southern states. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: This is- that's what I'm doing all this summer I'm, traveling around, I'll be working in, here in Tennessee and uh Mississippi, and Arkansas, and Texas. {X} {C: rooster crowing} Talking to people like- like you two. 505: Yeah. Interviewer: Trying to find out something, you know, a few things about, various things. Aux: {D: All the words} they uh, that uh {X} with {X} a {D: kind of individual}, what type of life that he's been familiar with. Farming Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah # Aux: #2 or? # Interviewer: sure. Aux: {D: And all like that?} Interviewer: Right. Aux: {D: Whether you were} {D: experienced in life.} Interviewer: #1 Right. # Aux: #2 Different # type of work and, but not. Interviewer: Right, right how he what he- what- how he describes various things what {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Sure. Interviewer: You know that sort of thing. That's what- that's what I'm interested in. Aux: #1 Alright. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Well what about uh, you mentioned a- a sack a minute ago. What about this uh, this sack that's made out of kind of rough, heavy, coarse material uh, I don't know sometimes you might get fertilizer or something like that in it? Aux: {D: Cotton} sack, {D: and then} you got what we call a {D: grass} sack. You get uh different type of grain or something in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And your {D: cotton} sack that's what we {D: you'd pick} cotton in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: Uh} from a six to a nine foot sack. It's uh, what you call {D: that uh} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} was made out of. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: But now the {D: grass} sack it's uh about three foot or under. Got different {D: size.} {D: But} from uh, a two and a half {D: bushel} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} grain sack, up to a five bushel. {X} Oats- excuse me, the oat sack they used to bring them and {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And uh {D: I uh}, other smaller grain corn {X} two bushels. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Uh two and a half bushels {D: is.} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Now is that the kind of sack that some people call a crocker sack? Aux: #1 That's right. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Some people call them crocker sack some call them {D: grass} sack. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: It's the sa- that's the Interviewer: #1 Same thing? # Aux: #2 same thing. # Interviewer: Well what about if you had to take some corn to {C: rooster crowing} the mill, what would you call the amount of corn you'd take at one time? {C: rooster crowing} Uh you'd say that's a? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Well uh- a bushel? Interviewer: A bushel Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 or? # Have you ever heard people say something like a {D: turn} of corn or? Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: How much is that? Aux: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 A turn- # Aux: a {D: turn} of corn, is uh, {D: see if you carry a a} a bushel {D: there that's} {D: the turn} {D: you carrying} to the mill. Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # Aux: #2 But # now you got uh {C: rooster crowing} um {X} of corn. But I mean uh said you carry a bushel I uh- maybe I carry two bushels {D: I carry a barrel} of corn up there {D: a barrel of corn} that's five bushel. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Right. {X} What about the, if you were gonna going outside you know and hanging up your clothes, 505: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 let them # dry, what would you probably carry 'em out there in? 505: I have um have a basin, a wash basin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} clothes {D: pin on them} container. I take it out and I got a mat out there and I {D: hang them up}. When I hang them up I put a pin in there, clothes pin in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And they'd {D: best stay right there} until you take them {D: on loose.} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: What about if your uh, if your lamp uh went out or something like that. What would you have to {C: rooster crowing} {D: replace in it?} {C: rooster crowing} 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: You'd have to unscrew the? {C: chicks chirping} 505: Uh wick? {C: chicks chirping} Interviewer: The wick or the {C: chicks chirping} uh? {C: chicks chirping} Aux: #1 {D: Burner} {C: chicks chirping} # 505: #2 Take that {C: chicks chirping} # burner and put that wick up through the burner and {C: chicks chirping} put your oil in your {D: lamp.} Interviewer: #1 What do you call # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 what do you call # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that oil that you burn in it? 505: {D: coal oil right?} Interviewer: {D: Coal oil?} Aux: #1 {D: Coal oil or} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: kerosene. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: What about one that runs off electricity you know? You'd have to replace the? 505: The bulb? Interviewer: The light bulb? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: On one of those, yeah. Talking about barrels a minute ago, what do you call these metal things you know that run around the staves, that hold the staves together? Aux: Hoop? Interviewer: Those your? Aux: Barrel Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 hoop. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Well what about if you were bottling something in a narrow mouth bottle, what might you put in the neck of the bottle to keep? {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {D: A funnel.} {X} Interviewer: Is that the same thing as some kind of cork or something like that? Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 that's what # 505: #2 {D: most days} # Aux: you stop the bottle up Interviewer: #1 Right. # Aux: #2 with the # {D: bottle cork would.} Interviewer: Right. Aux: And {D: pouring the liquid in.} {C: rooster crowing} #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # #1 Right # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: right. You might I don't know you might've played one of these before but a lot of people have this instrument you know they play with their mouth? Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And then what do you call those things? Aux: #1 Jews # 505: #2 Harp. # Aux: harp. Interviewer: Harp? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Now a harp and a Jews harp that's not the same thing- 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 No. # 505: Jews harp Aux: #1 Yeah a harp uh # 505: #2 that's uh. # Aux: {D: Yeah} a Jews harp you pick it. {C: rooster crowing} #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # 505: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # {X} Aux: #1 It's got # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: notes on it kind of like uh {X} and #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # Aux: {D: that you play.} #1 But you # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Aux: you blow that with your mouth. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: rooster crowing} Yeah. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: A Jews harp is a uh you pick it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {C: rooster crowing in the distance} #1 Uh I # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I asked you what you'd, uh about nails and driving nails and all that, that thing that you drive nails with that's your? {C: chicks chirping} Aux: A hammer. {C: rooster crowing} Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: I wanna ask you a- uh, a little bit about wagons. You know, that thing that goes between the horses? {C: rooster crowing} That long wooden #1 thing, that's your what? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: #1 {D: Tongue.} # Interviewer: #2 Wagon # Aux: #1 {D: tongue.} # Interviewer: #2 That's # the {D: tongue.} Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what about if you had a buggy? {C: chicks chirping} You'd have to back the horse? {C: chicks chirping then rooster crowing} {X} Aux: #1 {D: Shaft.} # 505: #2 {D: Shaft.} # Interviewer: {D: The shaft} of the buggy. 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And, say a wagon wheel right in the middle you got the {C: chicks chirping} the middle of a {C: chicks chirping} Aux: #1 wheel that's- # Interviewer: #2 The hub. # That's the hub. Aux: {D: All your} spokes go #1 into. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And the spokes come out from it. Aux: That's right. Interviewer: And the- the- the very outer edge of the wheel you call? {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} #1 {D: The what is it called?} {C: rooster crowing} # 505: #2 Felloe. {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: The felloe? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And that's- that's the rim {C: chicks chirping} of the? {C: chicks chirping} Aux: {D: And then you have} {D: your tire} goes over that {X} that's the steel {C: chicks chirping} part go around that wood {C: chicks chirping} {NW} {C: rooster crowing} {D: that's in there.} Interviewer: Oh. Well what do you call the thing that the traces come back to {C: chicks chirping} {D: when attached to it?} {C: chicks chirping} Aux: #1 Uh # 505: #2 Tree the. # Aux: Singletree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} 505: #1 {D: You say what} {C: chicks chirping} # Aux: #2 {X}{C: chicks chirping} # 505: {D: the doubletree is?} {C: chicks chirping} Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Doubletree {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: #1 Two horses you have it. {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # #1 One on one side is # 505: #2 Doubletree. # Aux: Singletree fastened to your doubletree. Interviewer: {NS} Oh yeah. {C: chicks chirping} What about if you saw a- {C: chicks chirping} a man going down the road in his wagon and he had a load of wood that {C: chicks chirping} {X} {C: rooster crowing} come back a little bit later {C: rooster crowing} and it'd be empty and then he'd be going back again with another load, you'd say he's doing what? {C: chicks chirping} Aux: #1 Hauling wood. # 505: #2 Hauling wood. # Interviewer: Hauling wood. You haul a lot of wood in your time? Aux: Aw ya. {C: chicks chirping} {NW} Interviewer: {X} Okay. Well you were talking about uh uh well y- your brother is uh out in the field right now {D: doing the} {C: chicks chirping} plowing. {D: Where there- are there} different types of plows that you can use to break up the ground? Aux: #1 That's right. # 505: #2 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #1 What are some- what do you call the ones you use to break it up at first? # Aux: #2 {X} # Uh that's the uh {D: turning} plow. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {D: But that uh} we'll use them and we we use them but, {D: here and there it's} {X} {D: tractor} Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # Aux: #2 plow. # #1 {D: Waited all} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: year for this you know same type of {C: chicks chirping} Interviewer: #1 Right. # Aux: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: Well is there uh- a different type of plow you can use to break it up finer? Aux: Well uh, {NW} {D: disk it.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: You got uh {X} {C: rooster crowing} a {D: mule disc} you could take that {D: mule disc} and {D: disc} that ground, and then {D: breaking but}, now you got a {D: tractor dish} you cut it up with and then break it. Interviewer: Oh yeah. #1 Is that the same thing as a # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {D: harrow?} Aux: #1 No. {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What is that? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: The harrow #1 is what you use after you done broke it. That's # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 tear that ground up fine to keep it # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: pulverized} {D: why it won't be} {X} you know. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Get ready to {X} either. Just like if you break some ground and uh, {C: rooster crowing} {X} {D: turn dry} you go down and {D: harrow} that ground and that {D: harrow} will {D: pulverize and} farm that {C: chicks chirping} uh broke ground to keep it from, {C: chicks chirping} you know, {C: chicks chirping} {D: clodding.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. {C: chicks chirping} Aux: Mm-hmm. {C: chicks chirping} And when you get ready to {C: chicks chirping} {X} while you {X} {X} too. {C: rooster crowing} 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {D: O-over your} {C: rooster crowing} land is {D: the} {X} will, l- you know leave it. {X} But now you {X} hold that {D: more things than} {X} {C: rooster crowing} now you've got more up there. {C: rooster crowing} 505: They got some {D: little} {X} put on the tractor now they call them {D: chill} plows. {D: Or little old plows they} {X} {D: right now}. {D: This about} {D: like that.} {D: And it had tilling then and this keep it pulverized}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Be about {X} {C: rooster crowing} behind the tractor or {D: a rig and} {D: they goes down in the ground sometime} {D: and they'd be.} Interviewer: Hmm. 505: Just like if you got a {X} grass in your fields {D: see they'd} call it {D: chilled and plowing that ground.} That big {X} {D: see me have to come up that.} {X} Interviewer: Mm. {X} {C: rooster crowing} one more time about {C: rooster crowing} wagons. Wagon wheels the- the thing that the wagon wheels turn on, that's your? Aux: Axle. Interviewer: {D: That's our axle.} What about, sometimes you see carpenters use these things they're wooden frames kinda shaped like a letter A or something like that. And you can uh, you might lay a board across it and saw it or something like that? Aux: On your {D: square?} Interviewer: Is that what it is? Aux: {D: But ya} {D: you mean measure things a} #1 {D: square?} # Interviewer: #2 No this is a- this is a frame # kind of shaped like the letter A you know? Aux: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You # {X} {C: rooster crowing} table with them. Put one here and one here and lay boards across? Aux: Oh. Interviewer: #1 something like that. # Aux: #2 We- we- we # call them {D: horses.} Interviewer: Horses? Aux: Yeah. #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: Yeah yeah uh, #1 in other words that's the- # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 the carpenter's uh. # 505: #2 {X} # {X} Aux: Carpenter's uh uh {D: outfit.} 505: {D: Mm-hmm.} Aux: You uh, you got one there and one here and then you lay your planks on that and they {D: sawed} {X} on that. 505: #1 You shoulda. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 505: {X} Aux: And then uh {D: in other words} you stand on them #1 {D: made it up around}. # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Well have you ever seen any frames that were kind of shaped like this? Like an X you know? And you could take a log and put it right there in the middle of it, #1 and then saw off the end of it? # 505: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Now what would that be? 505: #1 That # Aux: #2 Uh # {X} your rafters uh either some kind. 505: Call it a wood {D: raft}. Aux: Yep. Interviewer: Wood {D: raft}? 505: {D: Uh-huh. Wish I had me that wood pile that they had to saw wood.} {X} Aux: But uh, last time uh in fixing your {D: scaffold} like you do. A carpenter, {D: usually} {X} two by four {D: up there and made it your} {D: a runout} from the wall {D: like um right here.} {D: Says here a two by four got a nail in it and one at the other corner.} Then you would take a one by three and put it in that {D: cross form.} That's {D: tying} that two by four {X} from the top of here and go to the bottom there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And cut from the top here to the bottom over here. That's cross tying your frame that you gonna be up- {D: a scaffold we call it}. Interviewer: Oh yes. Aux: You be up on {D: no} carpenter around here. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Let me ask you this it doesn't have much to do the farm or not but {D: when you get up in the morning sometimes you go in} {C: rooster crowing} the bathroom and you {C: rooster crowing} you straighten your hair with a comb and a? Aux: #1 Brush. # Interviewer: #2 What else? # And a brush and, you say when you do that you have to do what to your hair? You just? Aux: {X} Interviewer: Just say the same thing? You just brush Aux: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 your hair? # Or something like that? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 okay. # What about uh, sometimes when you went to a- a barber shop or you might have had one of these yourself, the thing that you sharpen your straight razor Aux: #1 A # Interviewer: #2 you know? # Aux: razor strap. Interviewer: Is that what you call it too? 505: {D: Mm-hmm ya}. Interviewer: Razor strap? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about uh, if you had a shotgun, you'd use a- a shell for a shotgun, but what would you put in a- a pistol or a rifle, Aux: #1 Cartridge. # Interviewer: #2 or something like that? # That'd be a c- cartridge? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Instead of a shell. Okay. I don't know if- if uh y'all ever played on anything like this or not but sometimes you see children uh playing on these things one uh there's long board you know, #1 anchored in the middle # 505: #2 See-saw. # Aux: #1 See-saw. # Interviewer: #2 and they go up and down # Aux: #1 See-saw. # Interviewer: #2 in the air in it? # Aux: {X} {NW} Interviewer: What do you say you're doing when you're playing #1 on one of these? # 505: #2 See-sawing. # Interviewer: #1 You're see-sawing? # Aux: #2 See-sawing. # {X} {D: Do you- do} get a long plank and {C: rooster crowing} get up on the fence and one or two on that end one or two on this end. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: O-One end go up the other down just back and forth Interviewer: #1 Mm. Yeah. # Aux: #2 see-sawing. # Interviewer: Well what about these things that, this was a board you know it was anchored in the middle, but, it went around you know like that? You could get on both ends and spin #1 around? # 505: #2 {D: Windmill}? # Interviewer: Is that what it is? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. Windmill go like that. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: Windmill. Even if you didn't {D: fix it with children} it'd go round and round {X} then it would go around like that. Interviewer: Well have you ever heard of something uh like a long board kinda limber that would be anchored at both ends and you could jump up and down on the middle of it or something like that? #1 You remember? # 505: #2 Spring boards. # Interviewer: #1 That a spring board? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Well what about uh, you you see that a lot of these things you know they're they're uh they hang from limbs in the trees by ropes and {C: rooster crowing} have a #1 plank of- # Aux: #2 Swing. # Interviewer: That's just a old fashioned swing? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You make those out of tires and 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: planks of Aux: #1 Chain. # Interviewer: #2 whatever? # Aux: {X} Made 'em out of chains and at the bottom where you sit on the swing where we would cut a fork in a {X} {D: strap it to} that {D: chain} and you sit on there and you {D: swing until all} #1 {D: you go up as high as the top of the.} # Interviewer: #2 Oh really? # Aux: {X} #1 {X} # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Yeah. What about uh, if you had to go get uh some coal, from somewhere, what would you call the container that you go get it in? Aux: Wagon or truck Interviewer: #1 Well # Aux: #2 or- # Interviewer: just you know something that you could carry. So- Aux: {D: Well uh} we always used to we just put it loose in a wagon {C: rooster crowing} {D: course now} they have sacks. You just #1 sack it up. # 505: #2 {X} # Sacks Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 {D: And.} # Interviewer: Well what about if you wanted to keep some of it in the house you know? Uh what would you keep it in there? Aux: #1 Your scuttle # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: we call it. Coal scuttle. Interviewer: That'd be the scuttle. Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 What do those things look like? # Aux: Well it's a- a metal container kinda {X} and, it'd come together in the front there as a uh {D: mouth} like a pitcher you know. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # Aux: #2 {X} # Putting it in {D: the stove while it won't just} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: spill all over the floor. {D: How you} just like you had your coal bin out there and you're burning coal you take your {D: scuttle and} {X} {D: you scuttle coal and} {D: bring it} to put it in your heater. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what do you call this thing that uh a lot of people use around the yard? It has to carry things in it has two long handles and a wheel one wheel in the front you know? You could put a bag of cement or something like that in it. Aux: Wheelbarrow? Interviewer: Wheelbarrow? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people call that anything besides wheelbarrow? {C: roosters crowing} Aux: Mm I- I- I don't {C: roosters crowing} remember right #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Yeah?} # Aux: But uh we have always w- I got one down {D: well it's} down there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {X} They {X} {D: around.} {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: {X} Interviewer: I don't guess you've ever heard anybody call that {D: a Georgia buggy} have you? Aux: Naw I've heard of that {D: Georgia buggy} but most of those uh the name of those {D: Georgia buggy} {D: those just the} same thing. They use them in uh you know just some contract building {D: and uh} hauling bricks uh smaller stuff in. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Yeah. And back {X} working on different jobs uh {D: look like} around the city, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: building a sidewalk, and concrete in your {D: Georgia buggy}. Interviewer: {D: Push it in a Georgia} #1 buggy? # Aux: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: What about if you wanted to put uh uh an edge on your axe or your knife or something like that, what would you use to? Aux: Well uh {X} I have used what we call a {D: sand rock.} You turn it and then you take a {D: file} and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: and file it with that} {X} to sharpen {X} and put them on {X} you know Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # Aux: #2 and # {D: file 'em down and} then take that {D: file and} {D: dress it off with a} {D: smooth edge.} Interviewer: Is that file the same thing as a wet rock or {C: rooster crowing} #1 is that something like that? # Aux: #2 {D: No you-} # that file just got those things that you- ever seen a {X} which people used to s- uh {D: sharp} {X} with #1 you know? # Interviewer: #2 I think # I know what you're talking Aux: #1 {D: But uh} # Interviewer: #2 about. # Aux: it's a {D: long day with} {X} your file is {D: raised in the same end} {X} It's square {D: each end} the file got a point on one end {D: the one you put your.} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Well th- the file is made in some uh the same {D: anyways} it's just a finer {C: rooster crowing} #1 grain then. # 505: #2 This is one of them. # Interviewer: Oh yeah. Yeah. #1 I have # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: yeah I've seen those before. Aux: Well now that {X} it's got coarser {D: grooves} then that file has. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: talking about} {D: what that} {X} {D: mule we} {D: smoothing} {D: up his hoof to put shoes on.} Interviewer: What about if your if your car was just squeaking a lot, you might take it into the service station and {D: tell them to} put it up on a rack and do what to it? Aux: Uh have it {D: grease.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you got then if you were doing that yourself and you got that stuff all over your hands you'd say your hands had gotten? 505: Greasy. Aux: Grease. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} {C: rooster crowing} Well what about {C: rooster crowing} uh {C: rooster crowing} if you wanted the mechanic to look up under the hood of your car and maybe check your? Aux: {X} When you check under the hood see what's uh {D: well what's, needed under there.} {X} 505: {X} #1 {D: All right}. # Aux: #2 {D: All right.} # Different 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: things you know {D: could happen.} {C: rooster crowing} {D: So} {D: if I had} {X} {D: why they have been checked under there.} Some {D: kind of a} spark plug wire, maybe all your motor and, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Hardly anything back there there's so many little. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: {NW} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: could do} {D: yourself.} Interviewer: Or you might be a quart low or? Aux: That's {D: right alright} like that. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of making a- a temporary lamp or a makeshift lamp out of a bottle and a Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: rag and some kerosene? Aux: #1 Yeah I # Interviewer: #2 {D: Something like} # Aux: #1 {D: did that} # Interviewer: #2 that? # Aux: #1 many times. # Interviewer: #2 # What di- did you call those #1 anything? # Aux: #2 {NW} # Uh- uh call- we call them bottle lights. 505: #1 Some of them call them # Aux: #2 You'd get # 505: {D: torches.} Aux: Yeah. You'd get {X} some {D: coal} oil and put it in a bottle and get uh some of that {D: grass sack} we was talking about oh ya. Gonna twist it and {D: till you get it that} and put your oil in there and then twist that rag down in there and turn it up until that oil seep back through it and, strike your match and then you got your light {D: right on.} Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call those flambeaus? Aux: Now I don't remember. 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Flambeaus. 505: No {X} Interviewer: Never heard of that? 505: No. Interviewer: Okay. What about, talking about cars and things, the the inside of a car tire, you know the part that inflates? That's called the inner? Aux: Inner tube. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: That's the inner tube? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What about if you had just built yourself a a rowboat, and you wanted to try it out? You might take it down to the water and and put it in. #1 You'd say you # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: going down there to do what? To? Aux: Uh go boat riding. Interviewer: Boat riding? Aux: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: But what is it you call it when you're putting the boat in the water? You say you have to? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Well uh. Interviewer: Right you know right when you put the boat in the water? Aux: Yeah you- {D: you've got} a different {D: form.} Some people you got {D: you see a} boat trailer. {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: down in} you uh {D: let it} roll off that trailer right in the water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: Uh you} {D: you go out} there to, row your boat. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} Interviewer: Would you call that uh launch the boat or something like that? Aux: Well I don't know what {X} {C: rooster crowing} proper name but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: I} {D: going to.} {X} Interviewer: Right. Right. Okay. What about uh, do you have a boat? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What kind is it? Aux: Oh a metal boat. Interviewer: Metal #1 boat? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Is it one that you have to #1 use the- # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} {C: rooster crowing} paddle boat because {X} at least that's what I use it for {X} {D: for his uh} {D: he'll} have- had a motor on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what- what shape is the bottom? Is it curved or flat or #1 what? # Aux: #2 {D: Yeah flat.} # Interviewer: Flat? {C: rooster crowing} And what about the ends of it? Are th- are the ends flat or come out to a point or what? Aux: Uh yeah they uh {X} square at each end cause {X} square but it's narrow in the front end and wide at the back end. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Mm-hmm. I get the {X} with the ridges in the bottom you know for just like it would {D: come with} {X} and water won't be all over the boat if you go down those streams to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} {D: there's nothing to get} {C: rooster crowing} over the. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Well what about if a woman wanted to buy a new dress and she wanted to make sure uh that she got the right color sometime she'd take a little square cloth along with her to match it. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would that thing be called? Aux: {D: Well} that would be uh a sample of the 505: Sample of what you're Aux: #1 pattern that she # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: already have. 505: {X}. Aux: If she want a piece to match that. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {X} 505: #1 And # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: sometime you can go in {D: places like that} and tell them what color you want {D: they have a chart you know.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: And you can uh #1 pick your color # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: from that chart but if you have a piece and you already want a piece {D: to go buy} you have {D: to keep it as} the sample. Interviewer: Oh yeah. {D: Right}. Well what about if you saw a dress that you really liked and you thought was real nice you might say my goodness that sure is a? 505: Pretty #1 dress. # Interviewer: #2 Pretty # dress? 505: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 And if # you liked one even better you might say well I think this one is even... 505: {D: Prettier than the other one.} Interviewer: #1 {D: Prettier than the other?} # Aux: #2 {D: Prettier than the other?} # Interviewer: Yeah. What do you call uh the thing that you wear around your waist when you're in the kitchen? You know you don't wanna dirty your dress #1 or {C: all three talking} # 505: #2 Apron. # Interviewer: clothes. Aux: {X} Interviewer: And what about uh oh this thing that I'm writing with right here this is a ball point? Aux: #1 Pen. # 505: #2 Pen. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the thing that you that you might use to keep a baby's diapers together that's the 505: #1 Safety # Interviewer: #2 safe- # 505: #1 pin. # Aux: #2 Safety # #1 pin. # Interviewer: #2 Safety # pin. okay. And what about uh you say a dime is worth how many cents? 505: Ten cents. Interviewer: A dime is worth ten cents and and these uh cups that you might have out by the well you know {D: to} to drink out of? What would those things be made out of? What kind of a metal do you usually? 505: Well some is {D: made out of aluminum.} Aux: {X} {D: Plastic they} {D: are} {D: plastic} cups down uh {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: drink. Interviewer: Some people have you know metal roofs on their house, #1 and that especially # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: usually made out of what kind of metal? Aux: Uh {D: aluminum}. Interviewer: #1 Mostly aluminum? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # And uh they're galvanized. Interviewer: Mm. Hmm. Is it- do you ever- do you ever see any genuine uh tin roofs or something like that {D: to} Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: instead of aluminum #1 anymore? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 Yeah. # 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would uh what would you say the a man's three piece suit uh consists of? {D: You'd have uh?} {C: rooster crowing} 505: Pants, vest, and coat. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: The pants, the vest, and the coat? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of men call their pants anything else besides Aux: #1 Trousers. # Interviewer: #2 just pants? # Trousers? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about these uh they're not trousers but they're {C: rooster crowing} {D: they cover} {C: rooster crowing} your whole body you know? {C: rooster crowing} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 strap? # Aux: #2 {X} # {D: You know} some of them call 505: #1 them overalls. # Aux: #2 Some of them coveralls # 505: and some call them {X} Interviewer: Is that right? 505: {D: Um I didn't know that} {D: know that they would be at} {D: our house.} Aux: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: And I told George that} I'd fix the {X} {NS} {D: take the} {NS} {D: I baked a cake} {C: rooster crowing} {D: yesterday.} {X} {D: I'd take it in the freezer.} {NS} {D: That would be uh.} {NS} Interviewer: Let me ask you uh let's say if you you haven't uh {C: rooster crowing} if you haven't worn a coat in about a year {C: rooster crowing} and you tried it on, you might say well that coat won't fit this year but last year it? Aux: {D: Yeah I've} {D: styled it up but the} coat is #1 {D: drawed up.} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: {X} Interviewer: Didn't fit last year but? 505: And that's if it if it- if it- it's too tight this year I've picked up weight. Interviewer: Yeah. 505: And if it {C: rooster crowing} {D: get on} {C: rooster crowing} looser then I've lost weight. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: {X} {C: rooster crowing} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about uh if there was something over on the other side of the room and you wanted me to get it for you? You'd ask me to do what? You'd say why don't you go? 505: Why don't you go there and bring me that {D: piece} {D: of that?} Interviewer: Okay. What about {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} some little boys you know they like to collect things. They pick up about everything they see and stuff it in their pockets. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And before long they have so many things in their pockets that the pockets do what? {C: rooster crowing} {NS} 505: {X} down- Interviewer: Yeah? 505: Yeah. They {D: bridge} out just like sack of {D: cotton.} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Well what about if you put uh {D: a shirt} in water that's too hot or, {C: rooster crowing} something like that? {C: rooster crowing} 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 it may # do what? Aux: {D: Draw up.} Interviewer: {D: Draw up?} {D: And} shrink or something #1 like that # 505: #2 {D: Yeah some of them} # some of the folks say shrink and some say draw up. Interviewer: #1 Isn't that right? # 505: #2 {D: It's}- # Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Well what about if uh {C: rooster crowing} if a young girl was getting ready to go out somewhere with a- with a y- with a young man? She might spend a lot of time in front of a mirror in her bedroom you'd say she's doing what? Aux: Primping. Interviewer: Primping. 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} {NW} {C: rooster crowing} She's {D: at} {D: she's at uh} making up her face. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah? # Aux: #2 {NW} # 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what if a boy is doing the same thing you know, he's getting ready to go out and 505: #1 Oh are you # Interviewer: #2 he's # 505: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 spending a lot of time. # 505: Yeah he's primping too. Interviewer: He's primping 505: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 too? # 505: {NW} Interviewer: {D: What do we} {C: rooster crowing} call the {C: rooster crowing} the thing that women {C: rooster crowing} take with them you know, to carry all their things in? 505: Handbag. Interviewer: Handbag #1 or? # Aux: #2 Some # {D: call it a} shopping bag. Interviewer: Shopping bag? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Purse or? 505: a purse. Interviewer: Something like that? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what {C: rooster crowing} what about the small one {C: rooster crowing} that you might use just for carrying change in you know? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Might have a little #1 clasp or something like that? # Aux: #2 {X} # {D: A lady purse.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Or cha- do you ever call it change purse #1 or # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 coin purse? # 505: #2 Change and # coin purse. {X} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I wonder, {C: rooster crowing} about these things that um {C: rooster crowing} ladies like to wear around their wrists you know, just look pretty? 505: Bracelet. Interviewer: #1 Bracelet? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And this thing that they wear around their Aux: #1 Beads. # Interviewer: #2 neck? # #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {D: Or a} # 505: #1 necklace. # Aux: #2 Necklace. # Interviewer: Her necklace? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And these things that {C: rooster crowing} that men might use to hold up their pants? {C: rooster crowing} They go #1 across your shoulders? # Aux: #2 Suspenders # 505: Suspenders. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: Some call them galluses. Interviewer: Galluses? 505: {NW} Interviewer: Does it make any difference what you call them? Whether they're just plain suspenders or fancy suspenders or? Aux: Well {D: I} yeah you would uh {X} for just uh {X} {D: have work suspenders.} Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: And then if you want for. {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: They- the- they have different {D: grades} of them for Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: different days. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Want to go, with a nice suit of clothes on a {D: pair of uh heavy work} suspenders #1 on. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: Yeah. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Well what do you call this thing that uh {C: rooster crowing} if it's raining you'd take with you outside and hold #1 over your head # Aux: #2 Umbrella. # 505: Umbrella. Interviewer: Have you ever heard #1 people- # Aux: #2 Parasol. # Interviewer: Parasol, that's called? Same thing. Well if you were making up your bed, what would be the last thing that you would put on your bed? {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Sheet. 505: Uh no, Aux: #1 Bed spread. # 505: #2 bed spread. # Interviewer: Bed spread Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: would be the last thing? And what about in the winter time when you have these heavy things you know if? 505: {D: Blanket} and quilts? Interviewer: {D: Be a blanket} and quilt? 505: Mm-hmm. Aux: Some of them call them comforter. Interviewer: #1 Comforter? # 505: #2 Some don't have quilts they call 'em comforter but # {D: the- they- they're} mostly {D: like that.} {D: I makes} my own, they're quilts. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: And like if you buy them at the store they already. {X} {C: noise} Interviewer: And you when you go to bed you rest your head back on your? 505: #1 Pillow. # Aux: #2 Pillow. # Interviewer: Have you ever seen these things that weren't- they're bigger than pillows. Uh some people put them on their bed I guess just for looks? 505: Yeah shams. Interviewer: Shams? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Is that what it is? # 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Have you ever? # 505: #2 (X) # My grandmother used to {D: say that.} {X} put a {X} You put a {X} you know used to be uh {D: the whole bed.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm.{C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: Old type}. Used to be {D: with} {X} at the head and them them pillows be standing up by the {X} up there. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # Oh yeah. 505: Pillow sham. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as what peop- some people call a bolster, #1 or something like that? # 505: #2 No. # #1 Uh they had. # Aux: #2 A bolster is a # 505: long thing that go across your bed. I got one {D: on my own} bed now {X}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: {D: It's the solid} {D: cross it} just like your pillows. Now I got pillows on that bed but it's most of them. {X} Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah? # 505: #2 {D: He's} # just a long thing with feathers in it {D: uh} uh {X} whatever you have in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: And then you make a long {X} to go {X} for the cover just like you would a pillow case. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Well if it was a- if it was a a long bolster you might say it doesn't just go partway across the bed it went? 505: Mines go all the way the across #1 the # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: {D: All these new beds} now they {D: got them to go} just about a a third across the bed and then it just like {D: they come by along in here and then they} {NS} spread a corner #1 {D: when take that} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 505: {D: that's where they make them knot.} Interviewer: Well what i- what if you had some company in the house that you might have to put down a temporary sleeping place you know on the #1 floor? # 505: #2 mattress # on the floor? Interviewer: A mattress? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now is that the same thing as a palate or something #1 like that? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: Yes it is {X} you can put your quilt down on the floor and then put your {D: stuff} on there that make it kind of soft if you don't have a mattress {X} Aux: #1 Taking uh # 505: #2 floor. # Aux: mattress and put it on the floor and you know and uh you say we you'd call it palate. #1 You making a palate on the floor. # 505: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Mm-hmm. #1 I have just taking the quilt # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: {D: once it's hot} when I was a kid and fold it together and got on the floor and make that's what you call a palate {D: come up with stuff} keeping cool {D: the bed} was hot. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah. Getting back to the farm for a minute, the different types of land on a farm you know? If you had a- if you uh expect a big crop from your land you'd say that your l- you expect a big crop because the land is very? Aux: cultivated. Interviewer: {D: Cultivated?} If it's real good land if it if it produces big crops you say it's what kind of land? Aux: Rich #1 soil. # Interviewer: #2 Rich land? # What do you is there anything in particular that you'd call rich soil? Aux: Yeah. Uh it's uh this here {D: dark} land and then the uh the uh {D: gray} type of land. {D: What now all} uh hill land with a lot of soil Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} but we have a different section you'll find some of this {D: gray} soil is too {D: richer soil it's kind of} {D: poor} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: soil. Interviewer: Mm. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X} some is real {D: red land, you'd have made good crop}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. It's not all {D: red land and} {X} you know {D: real poor} soil. Mm-hmm. Aux: But that {X} {D: you gonna grow look like much of anything on this} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} Mm-hmm. Well what about uh real good land sometimes it's uh it's overflowed you know by water #1 in the spring and then # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: later on you can use it to plant things on? You'd call that what kind of land? Aux: That's uh {D: made} soil. {C: rooster crowing} {NS} The soil off the hill probably done {C: rooster crowing} washed down and and that made land and that's real rich soil #1 cause the soil from # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: {X} uh land {D: done} you know filled in down there. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: It's a really rich type of soil. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as bottom land? Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: {X}. Aux: {D: Like} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} water will overflow {D: one place} and down in the low place. Well if that water come off the hill down to the bottom it's bringing a portion of your soil {C: rooster crowing} {D: off the hill down there.} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And that will {X} {D: build that} lower place build it up. And that's why your rich soil {D: of yours} down there in that little {X}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what do you call a piece of land that's really not good for much anything because you got {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} all the time? Aux: Uh that's the uh {X} like uh regular low land {D: is} {D: is where} your water settled in {D: it's} {D: sort of} water {D: sogged, know?} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: A lot of time I know a place {D: out here} going on the {X} it's uh {X} {C: rooster crowing} long time it's just look like just {X} {D: but the staves are so wet you wouldn't be able to} go on down to plow it up. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} 505: #1 {D: And yeah.} # Aux: #2 {D: But} # It's uh s- some type of land in different {D: sections.} Just the {NS} what we call a spring uh land. {D: Just a spring} {C: rooster crowing} {D: somewhere in the area} {C: rooster crowing} and that water {X} through it and just keep it soft {D: for all time while} you gonna be. {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} 505: And uh we had a place in {X} we lived up there when I first. {X} You couldn't grow nothing in that place {D: as big it is as my yard} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} it wouldn't grow. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: {D: And we had} if you planted on it it would die. And so uh finally a man come through there. I don't know what {D: nationality what he was}{C: rooster crowing} but he told {C: rooster crowing} mine father when I was {X} do you {X} why you can't raise nothing there? He said well they're telling me it's a deadly {D: a deadly} {D: place where the} {D: deer} used to p- uh {X} put soil down for {D: deers.} He said yes {D: and then sold it.} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And then finally he just {D: kept turning that plow now} I- I think you can {D: raise stuff} #1 {D: on there that share now.} # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 505: #1 {D: You used to couldn't raise nothing and now everything} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # 505: #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # 505: it would die. And so I guess by cultivating that, and the soil washing back there you know {D: what his deal is?} #1 Hmm. # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: {X} {D: That boy hey it was in the woods and} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} I got something {D: to show you then in the fields} said what? {D: He said come on. Say someday} {D: in there} there no grass. Nothing growing. I said what wrong with it? The lightning done struck or something? He said naw. {X} But you should be out planting this {C: rooster crowing} {D: crops} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} #1 {D: Come up there but it'd die}. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 505: And finally he got so {D: distressed} and then he couldn't tell where that place at. Interviewer: Hmm. Aux: {D: I see him} #1 cultivating and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: soil different type of soil. {X} {C: rooster crowing} 505: And so they call that a #1 {D: deer deer lick} # Aux: #2 Yeah. # 505: place where they used to put salt out for #1 deer. # Aux: #2 S- # #1 -salt would kill the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Aux: land why it wouldn't produce anything. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: And we was there one day and then the man he came by, we was chopping he said uh how many years have you been here? So my dad {X} {C: rooster crowing} He said it's a place up here he turn around and look he said {D: ain't welcome here.} I {D: believe he'd know it.} He said uh {C: rooster crowing} there's a good {C: rooster crowing} {D: bit of money} there. So uh my daddy said to him says uh has you ever been through here before? He said I guess I have. He said uh some of them done try to get it but they ain't ever got it. So- but here's the good {D: news} {D: there's a good bit of money} #1 {D: there said that.} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: {D: We ever get uh} if we ever be able to get it, {D: then we don't have to} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} long time. {C: rooster crowing} And so {X} and so finally {X} told him that his grandpa passed or something, {D: he's up there but} {X} on some place you know over that high hill #1 up there. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: {D: Up there where it.} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} That was the Indian territory and they drove the Indian out and they that's where they {D: hid their money} {X} {D: village and} put it in treasures like that. And they drove out and they didn't get chance to get the money so {C: rooster crowing} {D: you tell me} {C: rooster crowing} anywhere that you see uh a tree that got a {D: number} on it then that's a pointing them to the treasure. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: And another Indian notice it but now he be about the only one {D: with a know where- where to go get it.} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: I have space up here in the {D: barn.} It's in a wood {X} uh I cut timber {X} up there in, twenty-five in one of 'em. And we were {D: rafting} logs. Putting them in the river and pin them together and floating them down the river to the saw mill down {X}. And that night we had our raft fastened up to the bank and that night uh the man I was working with Mr. {B} he heard a noise and he thought his log was- had done broken loose. He went out there and he heard such a noise that the log {D: won't broken loose} and he said that it was a {D: bull coming} from across that river. Say it look like {D: fire was} {X} out his nose, ten foot on each Interviewer: #1 Is that # Aux: #2 side. # Interviewer: right? 505: {D: What?} Aux: Yeah. And he thought his raft had done broke loose while {X} just like he left it. Interviewer: Huh. Aux: Then he said he was some money was buried up there and the Indian didn't want {X} {D: bother it.} Said and they saw that bull coming at and says look like {D: fire was} {D: standing out his nose} on each side. Interviewer: I think I would've gotten out of there too. Aux: Yeah. {NW} 505: {D: Well what did he do?} Aux: {D: That Indian} {X} want back in to the {X} 505: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 505: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 505: {NS} Aux: I know why {D: it would} {X} {D: from where} uh this {D: happened at} and it's uh what you call a {D: beech tree.} It's uh kind of a {D: smooth bark} tree and and that they cut that in that tree and {D: I didn't} know what year but you can see the numbers on there now, w- on that tree {D: right.} It was cut in there. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: And it done grow but you still discover them numbers. Interviewer: That's uh something like that in the town that I'm from a street is named {D: North Three Notch} street because the Indians made uh markings on #1 trees you know with three notches # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 something like that. # I guess for #1 you know purposes of showing direction # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: or something like that. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah I was gonna ask you talking about land, do you have any swamps around here? Or anything like that? Aux: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: We have those.} Aux: Yeah yeah lots of lowland down here {X} {D: near the river that} is called {D: swamper} land. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Well tell me what would you call a a piece of land that's been kind of, cut through by some flowing water? Might be about say about ten feet across ten feet deep something like that, you know that was just, cut out by Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: flowing water? You- you'd call an area like that a what? Aux: A canal {D: uh yeah uh.} 505: Canal. Aux: {D: A wash} {D: through the farm.} {X} Interviewer: Would that be the same thing say if a- a heavy rain washed out a Aux: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 place like that? # Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Something like that? Aux: {D: Oh uh} just like you say a w- water's coming off a hill down to the bottom and the water's severe enough to you know cut a a {X} down across the {X} {C: rooster crowing} where it continue to be a canal. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: Wash.} Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a gully or Aux: #1 Yeah that's the same thing. # Interviewer: #2 something like that? # Aux: {D: Other word} the uh canal you uh {D: you'd uh} cut a canal, with- that would be just a gully, {D: wash uh wash} coming from the upper land to the lower land. Interviewer: You cut a canal to drain a #1 piece of land or something # Aux: #2 Ya that's right # Interviewer: like that? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: And these here {D: washes} where the water just cut its own way through there. Interviewer: {X} You were talking about hills a minute ago. Do you ever call hills anything else? You might say you had a little oh I don't know, you ever heard them called uh uh well s- same thing as that uh that thing that you had to turn you know to open your door? That's your what? 505: #1 Door knob. # Aux: #2 Door knob. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard hills called knobs? Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # That's right. Interviewer: Well what about when you get {D: you see in} some places in Tennessee these things are are you know just big things. Much bigger than hills. You don't have just any- Aux: #1 Mountains. # 505: #2 Mountains. # Interviewer: {D: You have} mountains? Talking about mountains what about uh the- the side of a mountain, you know the rocky side that drops off real sharp? Aux: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 You'd # call that the Aux: #1 A cliff. {C: noise} # Interviewer: #2 what? {C: noise} # 505: {D: Cliff.} {C: noise} {D: Cliff.} {C: noise} Interviewer: Or maybe up in the mountains where uh you have uh where the road might go across in a low place something like that? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call that place in the mountains? Aux: Well that uh {D: it w- uh} some people call it the uh a air pocket. You know {D: what} they call it {D: by} two mountains in between those mountains. {D: Call her} air pockets and Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: I {D: wish} my brother I never did see because I didn't go to see. He said they would uh be flying along in airplanes then they plane would be down below the top of that mountain Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: and when they get between those mountains that they hit what you call uh dead air pocket. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: {D: Until their} plane {D: would drop} #1 or certain # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: {X} down. Interviewer: I think that'd probably bother me a little bit. #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # Yeah {X} 505: When the boys stay here with me you said they was uh {D: fifteen} {hundred feet} and uh {D: he had to uh} {X} and then airplane said {X} {D: putting on bricks?} Say he thought that {D: bridge was done}. {D: And he had them filled five hundred feet}. Interviewer: Mm. Mm. Well let me ask you thi- this, do you know uh what you would call a place where boats would unload their freight? They'd unload it onto a? Aux: #1 A barge or something. # 505: #2 Barge? # Interviewer: Barge or- Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: well what about you know, this would be a, wouldn't be a, not necessarily a barge but, uh say at a sea port, you know the boats come up #1 and then they anchor and # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 the- the- the platform or whatever it is that's the? # Aux: #2 {X} # The boat {D: uh} {X} some people call it the- the st- stage {D: where} the boats land up. {X} 505: #1 Some call it loading dock. # Aux: #2 {D: Sitting dock.} # #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Dock? # Aux: The loading dock. Dock. {D: They up there}. Say this is the {X} building here and the water's not deep enough for the boat to come all the way {X} {C: rooster crowing} out of that dock {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: Why} {NW} the boat could come up {D: to it to unload}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. {D: oh yeah}. And talking about the mountains sometimes you see a place where water falls {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} long distance, {rooster crowing} do you know? What do you- what would you call something like that? That would be a? Aux: {X} Interviewer: Where the water falls over you know? {C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: I don't know no neither.} {C: rooster crowing} I- I heard Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {D: talking about how} # Aux: they call it #1 {X}. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 {D: I heard talking about it but I haven't seen it} # Aux: #2 {D: Water coming over} # 505: but {D: in that that} in the books uh. #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: Well what do you think} {C: rooster crowing} the roads around {C: rooster crowing} here in the county what are the what are most of 'em made out of, you know the material on the surface you got? 505: #1 {D: Gravel} # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: #1 and # Aux: #2 {X} # Asphalt. 505: and asphalt. {NS} {C: rooster crowing} Aux: Wish that rooster would go somewhere. #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Yo- You know where he's {D: going}? He fights that other rooster {D: long time now} {D: beats his head.} Interviewer: Oh yeah? Aux: {X}{NS} {X} Interviewer: Well tell me what you would call a {C: rooster crowing} {NS} talking about roads, what would you call a a road that would go off the main road somewhere? Aux: Well tha- tha- that was uh {X} this here's a by road leading in to the main highway. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: A cross road or something like that {X} {D: maybe it's} go on across the highway, but your main road would be you know your highway and #1 {D: you'd just be just on right top} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: a gravel road or Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: maybe a dirt road leads in to it Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: {D: the road}. Interviewer: Well what about a road that goes off the main road up to a man's house? That's the what? Aux: Uh that's the by road. {C: noise} Interviewer: By road? {C: noise} {NS} 505: {D: He fights that other rooster so bad} {D: How come I have to get rid of him?} Interviewer: Well what about if somebody- if comp- if company came by and you invited them into the room you might tell them well why don't- why don't you sit down and make yourself? Aux: {D: Comfort or} uh at home. Interviewer: Or at home? Okay. Do either one of- of you drink coffee? Aux: {D: Well I like} #1 do occasionally, not too often. # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: How- how do you take your coffee? Aux: Said how do I? Interviewer: How do you- what do you like in it, you know? Aux: White cream, su-su-sugar {D: when}- when I take a {X} {D: would call my wife}, {D: so I could get} {D: mine every morning.} {D: I just} #1 drink my milk. # 505: #2 {D: You used.} # Aux: {X} I'm a milk man. {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever- do you ever have your coffee with milk? Aux: I have- uh uh-huh. Yeah. Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: Yes. Cream {X} uh milk from our cows. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people order their coffee without anything 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 in it you know? # What do they- how do- what- how do they say they want it? 505: {D: Straight}. Aux: #1 Black coffee # Interviewer: #2 {D: Straight}? # Aux: #1 or straight coffee. # 505: #2 {NW} # My n- #1 my niece come here and just # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: #1 {D: wanders in the house and} # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: drinking cup after cup not a bit of sugar in it. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Every morning. Aux: {X} call it black coffee they don't want cream or sugar in it. #1 Just the straight coffee. # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call coffee like that uh ordering it, say I want it barefooted? Aux: #1 No. # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # {D: That means nothing}. {NW} Interviewer: Nothing in it? 505: {X}. Interviewer: What about let's say if somebody's not going away from you, do you say he's coming straight? 505: To me. Interviewer: Straight to you? Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Or straight towards you? 505: #1 {D: Towards you.} # Aux: #2 {D: Yeah.} # Interviewer: Something like that. Okay. Aux: {D: Straight home} {D: or something like that.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what about if you- if you've met somebody just, you know by accident. You didn't you weren't looking for her you might say I just sort of ran? 505: Ran up on them? Interviewer: Ran up on them, or, #1 ran across it or something like that. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Well what about if uh- if a child is is given the same name that his father has? You say that the child's been named? Aux: Junior. Interviewer: Junior or Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: he's been named in relation to his #1 father they were named # Aux: #2 Yeah. # 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: after his father or something like that? Okay. What about if you wanted one of these dogs out here to attack another dog, what would you say to him? Aux: Catch 'em. Interviewer: Catch 'em? Aux: Or sic 'em. Interviewer: Sic 'em? 505: {NW} Interviewer: What if you wanted him to stop, what would you say to him? 505: Come back here! Interviewer: Come back here? Uh-huh. What do you call these dogs that that aren't pure breeds you know? They just about a little of everything. {D: You got any} anything you call that kind of dog? Aux: I {X} just- just a dog. {D: He's} not a, you know, a full bred dog. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: No certain breed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what about a a little tiny dog that just yaps all the time Aux: #1 {X}. # Interviewer: #2 and makes a racket? # Aux: {NW} Call them a {D: faust.} A house dog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh is that what you call it? {X} 505: {D: Uh uh} {D: she got a little uh} {D: I call it a little Chihuahua} {X} {D: know nothing in the world can beat that thing.} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 505: You know {D: that poor little thing} you know long hair. {D: And you talking about that} {D: she got some of the prettiest puppies she got two}. She said her {D: husband.} {X} {D: And uh} I um sometime I goes over there {D: often and} {D: she just} right behind me {X} I said {X} thing about you. Interviewer: Yeah. 505: And she {D: there's a black} puppy and she have a {D: brown they're pretty} and they ran out with her. Interviewer: Mm. 505: {X} {D: And the little old feist} {D: keep her going but I don't think she can} {X} over that. #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well did you e- did you ever know of any dogs that were {D: bad to get after you you know}? Aux: Yeah yeah. 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 it definitely # 505: #1 {D: German} # Aux: #2 {X}. # 505: German Shepherds is bad. Aux: Uh German Shepherds and a dog called a {D: Poodle} dog. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 mean dog. # 505: #2 those. # Aux: {D: Course how you} #1 {D: get uh it's uh lot's} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: how} people train dogs. You can take a bulldog {D: which he's supposed to be a bad dog}, {D: but then I} you train him right he ain't no more then the other dogs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} some of them attack you and then again they won't. It just depends upon how they are trained. Interviewer: Has one ever gotten a hold of you? Aux: Yeah oh yeah. And he was {X} {D: probably} just a kind of uh a mixed breed of dog. He wanna {X}. I went house right down the road here one day. {D: Went down after a cousin of mine} in a buggy. The dog was on the back {NS} and I went in {D: on} had {X} {D: house.} I went in and {X} and I went on in and they wanna come back out to the buggy. My cousin forgot her purse and left it on the bed. And she said I've done forgot my purse will you go over and get it? I opened the gate and got about half way to the porch and them dogs heard me and they come around the house. Three of them. Interviewer: Uh-oh. {NW} Aux: And I didn't have a thing in my hand to keep them off of me. Then my cousin was in the house she come to the door and. {X} And them dogs were {D: running me in the house} she {X} kicking them. {X} One of them {D: run up there up and grabbed them by my} {X} leg. Just did pinch my skin. And I got a chance to kick him and by that time she hollered at them and they just {D: broke and went on} back around the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {D: And that was the only dog} {D: ever did get a chance to bite me}. Interviewer: Oh yeah? You hadn't been bitten badly though? Aux: No it was just nothing but the skin on my leg. Interviewer: What about you did one ever? 505: Uh-huh. Miss {B} dog. {D: He was going from school to teach us.} {X} She had uh Miss {B} had a package {X} she told me and another girl to go down so we know the dog went back {D: to the black door}. #1 It kinda # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: {D: shaggy and} so I was scared of the dog. I got {X} {D: and I said now} Miss {B} {D: come on in here}. So we went on in {D: and the girl jump- now if she ain't of run} I don't think the dog would've {X}. She jumped up on that step, he, {D: broke into me.} And man I {D: set down on him} with that stick. I broke it. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # {D: I sit down} {D: on me}. She got mad with me cause {D: I hit the dog.} Interviewer: Oh. 505: But he would've gotten me if I hadn't {D: hit him}- #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You have to protect yourself. # 505: #1 Yeah. # Aux: #2 {X} # 505: And he didn't get a chance to bite me cause when I- when I {D: said I don't wanna} I don't want {X}. Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # 505: And she said did you hurt him, and I said I don't know Miss {B} {D: I said} but he broke in. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 505: {X} Kill him if he bites you. Interviewer: Mm. 505: She got mad but he didn't he said don't let him bite you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And when we got ready to go I said I ain't going out there {X} go with me so she went with us to the gate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And we got outside the fence, and when we got outside of the fence he was {D: still mad at me.} {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: {D: So you can imagine why.} {X} #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # Uh uh {D: the same individual she} talk about she had that dog {D: is a black} I don't know, Shepherd and {D: cur} or some mix. The black dog had a white white ring #1 around his # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {D: neck}. # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 And he # 505: #2 {NW} # Aux: uh you could not go in that yard if he was there without somebody #1 {D: guarding you in}. # 505: #2 Uh-uh. # Aux: And the {D: man} of the house stayed there and if he put on a pair of corduroy pants {D: his wife would have to} {D: guide him in} that dog wouldn't let him in there with them #1 corduroy pants on. # 505: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh that d- that dog was rough and he he's about this tall. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: But um, I- I had that stick. That stick was a good fighting stick. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: But I told myself {X} but I had a. {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah? 505: Cause uh {NS} {D: we hardly at a gate} and he's. {NW} She said come over here {D: here boy.} She on the porch {X}. But as they {X} jumping on in front of me I {X} he was- he {X} but when he come out {D: from that house} I didn't do nothing but {D: do this here}. I did that so quickly {X} {D: I shot that dog that dog shot back and I.} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: And she didn't look like she'd like it and I didn't care if she didn't I want him to. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: I don't want that dog to bit me. Interviewer: Well tell me, talking about, getting back to farm animals for a minute, in a herd of cattle, what is it you call the male? Aux: #1 The bull. # Interviewer: #2 That would be # the bull? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Oh. And what about a little one? When it's first born it's a? Aux: A little steer. Interviewer: A little steer? Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Uh uh is there any just general term for a for a little one? Besides steer? Is a steer a male? Aux: Yeah uh-huh. {X} you know that's the small bull but he got to grow {D: you can call him} #1 {D: calf until he} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # Aux: grow up to the, you know bull stage {X} Interviewer: And uh what about a little female {D: it's a?} Aux: Little heifer. Interviewer: Little heifer? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about if you had a cow named Daisy and she was expecting a calf you'd say that Daisy's gonna do what? Aux: Gonna {X} or have a calf. 505: {D: Have her a calf.} {X} Interviewer: Have you ever heard people say that they got- they have a cow who's gonna {D: freshen} or something #1 like that? # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Mean the same Aux: #1 thing? # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # Well what about in a in a group of horses what do you call the male? Aux: A stallion. Interviewer: {D: It's a stallion?} Aux: Stallion, some people call 'em a {D: stud.} Interviewer: {X} {NS} Well what about uh the female horse? She's the? Aux: She's the mare. Interviewer: She's the mare? Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. What about, talking about horses, if you tried to get on a horse and you couldn't stay on you'd say you've you do #1 what you # Aux: #2 He throws you. # Interviewer: He throwed or you fell? Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Fell off the horse? Aux: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Well what about if a little child went to bed and in the morning he woke up and he was on the floor? #1 You might say- # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you might say to him, say well my goodness during the night mus- I must've Aux: Fell out the Interviewer: #1 Fell out the bed? # Aux: #2 bed. # Interviewer: #1 Did that ever happen to you? # 505: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 Yeah. # 505: #2 {NW} # {X} Aux: #1 Now I don't # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: remember ever falling out of it myself {D: but I'll} I had kids around me did fall. #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # 505: #2 {NW} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Well talking about horses, what do you call those things that you put on a, horse's feet to protect them? Aux: Shoes. Interviewer: Horseshoes? Aux: Mm-hmm. #1 Horseshoes # Interviewer: #2 And- # and the part of the horses foot that you put them on that's the what? Aux: The hoof. Interviewer: The hoof? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever played a game with those things, 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: you gotta throw them}? # Aux: #1 Pitching horseshoes and {C: rooster crowing} # 505: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Aux: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # {X} {C: rooster crowing} game. {NW} Interviewer: I don't suppose y'all have ever had any sheep around here have you? Aux: No there's not uh w- we have them but- 505: We haven't had {X} Aux: #1 {D: somehow} # 505: #2 {D: neighbors they} # Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {D: We raise sheep.} # 505: #2 {X} # {D: Did they every day. I don't know why} {X} number nine. {D: We had sheeps all} right in front of my house {D: and he would just uh} {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: {D: And we didn't now} I never, been around while {X}. Interviewer: Well do you know what you call the male sheep? Aux: The ram. Interviewer: The- the ram? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what about the female? Aux: That's the male. Interviewer: Yeah-huh and what is the female called? Aux: Uh let me see, {D: what was it}? I did know. 505: The ram and then I did too but I don't think I remember. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: I just remember 505: #1 {D: Yeah I don't know}. # Aux: #2 {X} # {D: The ewe, the}- 505: #1 {D: I do believe it is ewe} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # ya I think that's right. 505: I think it's ewe. Interviewer: What do you- what would you raise sheep for mostly anyway? Aux: Well uh, 505: #1 {D: For their wool}. # Aux: #2 Their wool. # 505: For their wool. Aux: {X} I'd be {X} butcher {D: and mutton.} 505: {X} Interviewer: {NS} {D: Yeah?} The meat's pretty good? Aux: Mm yeah it is. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what about, talking about your hogs, what do you call the male hog? Aux: A boar. Interviewer: He's the boar? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And a- and a little one? That's? Aux: He- he's just a pig. Interviewer: Just a pig? Aux: Just uh he {D: get up but then he} {D: the boar.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Yeah. Well what about, what would you call a a male hog {D: that's been altered} you know? Aux: A barrow? Interviewer: A barrow? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And you- you'd say you did what to it? Aux: Uh uh {D: alter him}. Interviewer: {D: Alter him}? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You ever heard people say anything else for that? They gonna? Aux: Uh cut him. Interviewer: Cut him? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: okay. What about those stiff hairs on the hog? What do you call those things? Aux: The what? Interviewer: You know those stiff hairs, on a hogs back? Aux: Uh his bristles. Interviewer: His bristles? Aux: Mm-hmm. Yeah he'd get mad then he'd throw that bristles up just like a dog. Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: {D: It hairs stand still} {D: on his back.} 505: {X} Aux: {D: He} He ready to charge you when they do that too. 505: That's the {D: it's only about eleven thirty.} {D: He's coming late today.} Interviewer: Who is that? 505: #1 {D: Mail carrier just done it}. # Aux: #2 {D: Mail carrier}. # Interviewer: Oh. Oh yeah. {D: You know} some hogs you know have these long teeth? Aux: {X}. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: The male {X} they get up, uh to, about {D: two year old uh} those {D: tusks just} grow and stick out the corner of their mouth. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: {D: Out} and one would fight cows and things. He never did challenge me but it {D: cut a} {D: mule} {X} or two of mine. Interviewer: Hmm. Aux: I'd {D: take} my hack saw and sawed them off, clean up {D: through the gum.} Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: And they they growed back out. Interviewer: Is that #1 right? # Aux: #2 Just # #1 as sharp as it was before. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Aux: The next time I cut them, {X} after they growed out I got me a {D: wire} and tie them {D: in his top} of his mouth and got my {D: wire stretchers} and {D: staked them up to the} {X} {X} {D: front feet were clear}, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And at {D: had in its top} {D: lip} he go to {D: a-hollering} I had my. {X} I {D: hit him there and} and knocked them out. They didn't come back. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh man does he {D: carry} too much for that. Aux: {D: Yeah.} {D: It's the} {D: are you gonna} break his jaw bone? I said I'd sooner break his jaw bone then he gonna kill up everything around here I got. Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {X} It's not my {X} {D: a dentist} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: {D: But didn't he come back that time}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: He was at church one Sunday and he had {D: one} that {D: tore his pen down} while he had a {X} and he can come by the church and kill us all. {X} Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {D: Uh and} the uh, {D: what was is a hog pen was sitting in the} {D: mule lot}. And the mule would go over there, eat over in the hog pin. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm. {C: rooster crowing} Aux: And broke the {D: plank} {X} my hogs {X}, come out {X} {D: where this male was}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And man he got at them hogs just like a dog at a rabbit. Interviewer: {NW} Aux: And I was in church and somebody come and told me about the {C: rooster crowing} hog was out {C: rooster crowing} in the lot with my mare, and he had them hog cut all over. That's why he could {C: rooster crowing} {D: strike him at} he struck them down {X}. And one o- of them he- he hit him {D: in his hip} {D: and cut a long gash in his hip}, and one {D: he hit it} right up behind his whole shoulder {C: rooster crowing} {D: on the side.} {C: rooster crowing} And when I killed that hog he done cut him clean into the. {X} Interviewer: Mm. Aux: {D: The) the first {D: time in} January, both times, {C: rooster crowing} I come out the church and put on {D: water he} kill them hogs. {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} been so full of {D: fear.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: So me and my brothers come out of church and I got {X} out of. {X} {D: Then we put on} {D: water} and {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: hung 'em up} {C: rooster crowing} laid them out there in the smoke house until the next morning. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Yeah I, I went to. {X} What what happened? {D: I think my} {C: rooster crowing} hog got out {D: of the lot there} and you broke the fence and they come out the {D: the lot and that male got over} to them and I had come out of church and kill them hog. He said well go ahead and kill them {X} {C: rooster crowing} I told him that's just what I'm doing. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Well let me ask you this, do you have any names for a hog that's grown up wild? Aux: Uh yeah {X} is just a wild hog #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 A wild hog? # Aux: Mm-hmm. I've never seen one but uh {D: years back} {X} about uh I'd say about four miles from here, when I was a kid my daddy and uh other friends that {D: the worker} {X} they had a {D: farm} {D: up} {D: the bottom there} {D: kind of.} {X} And uh Interviewer: Oh. Aux: they would have corn {D: plains} up there. And uh {D: along on their} {X}, {X} them on through, or maybe before then. They would uh {NS} hook up a wagon and a wagon load up with uh go up there {D: laying but then a wild hog} come out of the woods and eat up the corn up there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {D: Then they} they killed {D: some up there} and then they {D: run in on some pigs} and they caught some {X} pigs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: And saved them and a first cousin of mine had one he caught and {D: she} started {D: playing} and {D: raising them}. My daddy got a pig off of that pig. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: They were {X}, well the whole time he had her {D: was a never}, {D: she would bring pigs} and if you caught one of them pigs {D: buddy} you'd better make sure you getting out of that {D: lot} #1 in a hurry. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Aux: But she was shifty. {X} Interviewer: Get after you huh? Aux: {D: A real slick black hog.} {X} When you- you see that bristle raise up her back you better be going. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: {D: That's it) #1 that's how we # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: had them old rail fences. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: You'd have bigger locks {X} you have now but {X} that's why you kept the hogs in the {C: rooster crowing} {D: lock} {X} {D: real fence}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: But they would sure {D: get to you}. Interviewer: Yeah. Well tell me, have you ever heard a calf you know making a- a noise, like when it's being weaned or something like that? You'd say that calf was doing what? Aux: {D: I'd say} uh when it being weaned? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Bleating? Interviewer: Bleating? Aux: Mm-hmm. 505: #1 {X}. # Interviewer: #2 {X}. # Aux: Mm yeah. Interviewer: Well what about when a, you know a noise that a cow makes uh when it's being fed or something like that? 505: She'd low. Interviewer: {D: She} say she's lowing? Uh-huh. Well what about a horse when it's being fed? 505: Nicker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Well what- Let's say if you got some cows and some mules and some horses and so forth and they get hungry you'd say you have to go out and? Aux: Feed 'em. Interviewer: Okay. And what about if you had some some animals like hens and turkeys and geese and ducks, you could call all them together your? 505: {X}. Aux: Feed your f- uh fowl Interviewer: #1 Right. # Aux: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: It wouldn't be the cattle, #1 would be the fowl # Aux: #2 Mm-mm. # Interviewer: {D: like that.} What about uh a pla- the place where you keep your chickens? That's called your what? Aux: The hen house. Interviewer: That's the hen house? Is that- well what about if you had just a place that was {D: pent up} or something like that instead of being uh- Is that the same thing as a hen house or? Aux: Well uh #1 the hen house that's where your chickens # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 {D: are roost there}. # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: And then uh a lot people would have uh what you call a chicken yard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: You know your chickens not allowed to run out in the fields {D: so why you just have a} regular chicken yard Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: for 'em to stay in. But the hen house would be where they would lay at and go to roost at night. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Talking about chickens, when you fry chicken, there's one piece that uh that the children like to get you know, cause they #1 pull it # Aux: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 apart? # Aux: #2 # #1 Uh-huh. # 505: #2 {D: Wouldn't that be a} # wing? Aux: {D: No that} you know what. {X} 505: Uh drums- uh oh the breasts? Aux: {X} {X} 505: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Yeah that's right. Like that. That's right.} # Have you- Aux: #1 {D: Uh that's that's} # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: {D: that's the}- 505: {NW} Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {NW} # Too much meat. {X} Aux: Right in front of his uh chest. {X} Interviewer: Why- why do they like to you know one will grab hold #1 of one end- # Aux: #2 I I # I don't know why {X} I can't {X} {D: particular} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Do you have any uh any one word that you use to describe the say the inside parts of the hog that are edible, you know that you can eat? {D: You call all that together or anything is} particular? Aux: Uh the inside of a hog? Interviewer: Yeah that you can eat. Aux: {D: I uh the} the liver {D: or out of the whole} thing is good to eat. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # Aux: #2 And some # {D: people they say} I don't care much about the {D: lights} and Interviewer: Yeah, things like Aux: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 that. # Aux: then the heart Interviewer: #1 Ya. # Aux: #2 {D: mm.} # Uh, {D: milk}, the kidney and Interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: the uh {D: maw} and the #1 {D: chitterlings} # 505: #2 {X} # People don't like chitterlings. Aux: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Have you ever heard that called haslet or #1 something like that? # Aux: #2 Yeah. # Yeah they use that. 505: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {D: How is that}? Aux: {NW} {X} liver and the haslet is {X} you know connected together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. What about, let's say if you ha- heard your your cows mooing along towards the uh late evening you might say well I didn't realize it was so late. {D: It's right on to?} Aux: Milking time or 505: Or feeding Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 time. # Aux: #1 feeding time. # Interviewer: #2 Feeding time? # What about if you wanted to call to a cow to tell your cows to get up and come up from the pasture? How would you call to them? Aux: #1 Soo soo soo. # 505: #2 Soo soo soo. # Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: some people have a different you know method of calling them. Depend upon how the the- the cows are trained. Interviewer: Is that right? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm # {D: I can tell her come on in.} {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: #1 Some of them have # 505: #2 {NW} # Aux: cows named he can call him by his name and. 505: She come {D: trotting}. Aux: and she'll come on to the house. 505: #1 Come on # Aux: #2 Now. # 505: {X}. Aux: #1 I. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 505: She come. Aux: My hog I'll call them whoop and they'll come. And I got a a {D: barrel} out there with a a metal top to it #1 where I # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Aux: mix my feed in to feed them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: They can be up here um in a. {X} Now I go out there and just raise that top up and slam it down on that barrel, and they'll come running just like I done #1 called them. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} How do you call your hogs? 505: {D: They call her Sue}. Come on {D: Sue}! Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: Then I tell her} get in that {D: lot}. {X} Get in that {D: lot}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Sometime she come back like I'm gonna give her that switch. {X} Interviewer: Well what about if you were gonna call the calves, would you say the same thing? Aux: Yes {D: the calves.} Interviewer: #1 Same thing? # Aux: #2 {D: The calves.} # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Well what about the horses or mules? Aux: I call them by {D: name}- {D: c'mon Bill, Kate or what have you} come over here. Interviewer: {D: Mm} call them by their name? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about uh let's say if you wanted to- if you were- if you were riding on a horse or {D: had hitched} a buggy or something like that, and he wasn't moving. What would you say to him to get him started? Aux: {D: Come up}. Interviewer: {D: Come up}? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about if he was- if he was moving along and you wanted him to go faster? Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Just Aux: #1 Cluck # Interviewer: #2 {X}. # Aux: #1 to him. # Interviewer: #2 Cluck to him? # Aux: #1 Or shake their line. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. 505: Or you tell him. {X} Aux: He {D: he'll realize} the movement of them lines it means for him to go. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Now is- is that what you call uh those things that you guide #1 {D: by when you're plowing?} # Aux: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Yes your buggy line or wagon Interviewer: #1 line. # Aux: #2 Wagon line? # 505: #1 {X}. # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And if you wanted your horse to stop you'd #1 say to them? # Aux: #2 Whoa. # Interviewer: You'd say whoa to them? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about- {D: I don't guess you know any calling to sheep} or anything like that? Aux: No I- I don't know the, how they, you know go about calling {X} #1 you know participated # Interviewer: #2 Yeah I never. # Aux: with them. Interviewer: Right. What about if you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere, you'd say that you have to get out there and do what to your horses to get them #1 ready? # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And what about the- that stuff you have to put on 'em you know to? Aux: The harness. Interviewer: #1 The harness # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: and} # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: that kind of thing? {NW} What about the things that you put your feet in when you're riding a horse Aux: #1 those are? # Interviewer: #2 S- # Aux: Saddle stirrup. Interviewer: Stirrup? Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When you- when you plow with horses or, when you have two horses {D: just hitched to} a wagon, uh do you call the horse on the left anything in particular? You say that's your? Aux: Uh well uh the horse on the left {NW} that's your saddle horse. Uh that is in a {X} drive the wagon or something. Interviewer: Oh? Aux: Y- You always use it to ride your left {D: hand} {D: wheel mule or} horse if it's a {D: log} wagon or something {D: then you} ride the left hand mule. Interviewer: Oh. Aux: That's {D: use your right hand} if you're {D: riding} {D: course some people may be} {D: left-handed.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: But in the {X} you want to {D: pop} your {D: lead} mule with your whip, your right hand is free to your {X} mule or {D: the ones.} {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. Aux: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Yeah. What about if uh if something i- isn't right close to you. Not right near at hand you know? You might say it's just a little? Aux: Too far. {X} Interviewer: Or a little ways over Aux: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 or something like that? # okay. Well what about if you've been traveling for a long time and you're not yet even close to being through you know with where you have to go? Aux: Mm-hmm. You'd say that you still have? A long distance ahead. Interviewer: {X} Aux: I have so many {D: mile} {X} you know? You know {D: definitely the.} {X} You got so many miles to go {D: yet} before you know you get your {X} {C: noise} {X} {C: noise} Interviewer: Well what about if you're- if you can- if something's very common you know, and you can find it just you- you don't have to look for it in any special place? You say that you can find that just about? Aux: Anywhere. Interviewer: Just about anywhere? Yeah. Well what if a- if a man fell down in your yard and he- he fell that way? You'd say he fell? Aux: Backwards. Interviewer: And if he fell that way? Aux: {D: Forwards.} Interviewer: What about uh if you went fishing and you you didn't have good luck at all, and somebody ask you well did did you catch any fish? And you say naw I didn't catch- Aux: Didn't have no luck. I didn't catch nothing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever heard of people say didn't catch nary a one? Aux: #1 {D: Mm-hmm yeah.} # 505: #2 Yeah. # Aux: #1 I have- # 505: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 I have # 505: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 {D: many.} # 505: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: Right.} # 505: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Well what about let's say if somebody accidentally stepped on your rake in the yard and broke it? You might tell them well that's alright, I didn't like it didn't like it anyway or Aux: #1 something like that? # Interviewer: #2 Uh yeah. # Okay. Well what about if you you might see a- a child crying, and you don't know why he's crying, and you ask him {D: why. He might say well) #1 I have? # Aux: #2 What # what's the matter with you? Interviewer: Alright or Aux: {NW} Interviewer: he would {D: let}- Aux: What happened to him #1 or something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And he might say well my friend was had some candy- he was eating some candy and he didn't give me? Aux: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 None. # Interviewer: #1 Didn't give me any? # Aux: #2 Any. # Interviewer: Okay. {NS} {NS} 505: Until she got fourteen {D: and that boy what I just showed you in that picture} now I raised him from a {D: baby he's born in the house} and I raised him all the way until he. {X} And then I raised another boy {D: and he came out as a} {D: dead daddy} {D: he didn't know}, I learned how to. {X} Now he's in uh {X}? {X} {D: tell you where my Sammy is}. He got his own business, shop, nice home. He comes to see me. {D: Sew me clothes}. {D: I don't buy no clothes}. Interviewer: Well that's good. 505: #1 {X}. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: I said that, I said you know I never have the money {X}. {D: I looked uh I told you} {D: if I were to buy anything when I went to you} Come live with me {D: you've been having to work}. But you know {X} {D: I tell you we were} {X} {D: I remember you} {X} I said {X} I said I don't want no more. {X} You know how to do that {X} but you know sometime I don't want you cooking. Now when he come home he came here little before Christmas and {X} I {D: sent you the right coat}. {X} {X} {X} Said I forgot that coat. {NW} I {D: said} let me {X} I said boy they were so warm. {D: He say} {D: what you talking} {X}. {D: I'm gonna send you} {X}. They come closer and closer {X}. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: The kids {D: is gonna miss} {X} {D: uh-huh they'll buy no clothing.} And I got three {X}. And I say {D: to him} you should just some people just. {X} And then {X} think I'm going somewhere {X} I got to think of {D: thing of two three pair of shoes in there.} {X} {D: Had so many brother} {X} you ain't going nowhere but {X} {D: this church and that church}. And I got- I was getting ready to go to {X} {D: walking from there back to} {X} and that's when these {X} the boy {X}. I hadn't bought anything but my {X}, and I was getting ready to get {X}. {D: Now you got} {D: stock like that. You know above that} {X} to Vicksburg {X}. And that's where my husband grew sick. {D: I make} {X}. {D: But I thought} I don't like- I don't like {D: to travel}. Mm. Interviewer: Well let me ask you this, if- what if you knew a- a boy who'd been spoiled by his parents you know? And you thought when he got when he got older. When he was- when he got grown up he was probably gonna- he's probably gonna have his troubles? What would you- what would you tell me, you know, in the way of telling me what you thought would happen to them? You'd just say, that boy is? 505: He is spoiled. He just really {D: need- just really} {X}. {D: but here's what I'm going to tell you.} {D: And I'm telling you} {D: if you find a little boy} Parents brought him up {X} thought that he was better than other kids. And I said when he come up that's when I say he shouldn't talk too much. I said {D: he will never be} {X}. I shouldn't given him everything he want while he little. And let him have his way. I said when he get grown I said he won't. {X} Interviewer: Is that right? 505: {D: You know when that kid come up and} {X} he said {X} that he would want {D: to share} with other kids {X}- He- I tell you what he- they was a- {D: that he was adopted child}. They won't. {X} But I just {D: I had said he'd never be no good} but I sure made a bad mistake. {D: I should've not said we can make mistakes} {X}. My boy got up and got grown. He said I {D: only had everything that a kid} could have to play with. And had all kind of toys and any kind of food that I thought I wanted to eat. {X} He said now there's {X}- there's a heap of kids out there ain't got {D: changing clothes}. You know you have to think of these things {D: in mind.} She say- he said {D: now I don't have everything that I think a kid need}. He said nuh-uh, I wanna {X}. Said but I- if I have some kids I'm not gonna bring them up like a {D: grown up}. I'm gonna let them know to {X}, and they be tired of what {X} getting to know how to take care. I said well I didn't think you gonna ever have {D: assist} enough to do nothing. {X} {D: Being a man}. I said but I have to tell you I'm proud of you. He grab and hug me kiss me and he said {D: you ain't nothing but my mama} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: I says uh yeah. I said I'm proud of it. I said I said way Miss {X} brought you up and give you everything {X} and everything. I say when you mad {X} {D: gonna get you and have a hard time}. I said but {D: honest to me} I'll tell you to your face {D: I lied.} He said don't say that. I said yeah. I said when you don't tell the truth you lie. I said now you {D: done marry}, you got a family, I said you got the sweetest wife {D: and I saying you so} {X}. {NW} He said you silly thing you. Yeah and he- he grew up and he had a nice home. He had a nice wife too, {D: I'll be giving it to him}. She did- and he {D: brought her} just what he thought that she needed and his home was just as nice as anything {X} {D: a man's house.} {X} And then he went there {X} about it. {D: He would set a} place on the table {X} just a little dish {X} that table was full. Now you can. {X} He said now {D: that why- that's one thing done.} {X} E- everytime I sit down to the table {D: I could eat what I want}. He said {X} put everything on y'all's table that you could eat, and that you didn't need to eat {D: and so today you're stepping like a fool} working hard, trying to keep that same. {X} I said well you right. {D: Did I make} you want to have something {D: but your parents bring you up} decent and have a {X} you trying to have. {X} Do you think that's right? Huh? {D: They have a plenty of food}, I don't mean no expensive food I mean {D: common} food. Now me and my daddy ate no expensive food. {D: like some folks.} But he- he'd give us all {X} food but we {D: had plenty left.} So I think. {X} {D: Heap of people who are grown and got} {X}. {D: I ain't know what's my back but in my stomach.} {X} {X} I want at least a nice clean home to live in, but I ain't never I ain't never had {D: nothing to work all my life because I} I want. {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: That's right. Interviewer: {X} Let me ask you, we were talking about farming this morning, what do you call those trenches that are cut by a plow? You know 505: #1 {D: A waterfall.} # Interviewer: #2 when you? # 505: {D: Mm-hmm.} And what about if you had some land that you want- you wanted to get the bushes and the trees off of it? You'd say you need to do what to it? Well you need to go clear that up. Now sometime if it's not {X} {X} {D: That} when I first saw {X} so much of {X} {D: was in woods.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And we have. {X} Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what do you call a piece of land that's just been {X}? 505: {D: New ground}. Interviewer: New ground? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about if uh- if you have just cut off some grass or hay or something like that. What do you call it when it comes up again right after that? That's the #1 what? # 505: #2 Well that's # the second crop. Interviewer: Second crop? 505: Mm-hmm. Just like if you {X}, and my brother got some {X} {D: down here.} {D: Now if he had uh} {D: if that hadn't been earlier then he couldn't} {D: get it come back out and he} {X} second crop. Interviewer: Yeah. 505: Uh-huh. Mm-hmm #1 that's the- # Interviewer: #2 What do you # what do you call wheat when you cut it and tie it up into bundles? So you got a? 505: Well I never seen it {X}- I seen them t- I seen them tie oats up that way {D: for stock.} But wheat {X} thresh it and they. {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What was- he was talking about this morning, shocks? 505: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # could you call wheat you know that's? 505: Yeah you could take that uh {D: after you} combine that {D: wheat} that uh, that wheat often uh- {D: off the stalk.} You can take that {D: wheat store} and put it in shocks. But most people now, they used to bale it up but most people now take {D: it uh} take that uh, wheat {D: straw and bundle it up}. Now most {D: of you be around if you would} {D: round} and then cut that wheat {D: where you see.} {X} {D: They bundle} {D: wheat straw.} Now {X} because just like if you got uh {D: some uh} race horse track uh you keep {D: you have} race horses. {D: Are there broken horses?} You can use that in that stable {D; for you know}, {D: on a path} they use it {D: but then} {D: they don't use it} but they use it for other {D: pens to keep them horses} {X}, just like they have {D: means} to clean it out. They put so much of that in and {D: they never come out and have them use straw.} {X} Now the {X} {X} going in to {X} {X} {D: Jackson}. He got a- he got a race track {D: up there by the} {X} {D: walking} horses. Now I haven't had a chance to go out and {D: visit it.} Tried twice. And that's the {D: prettiest thing.} {X} They gotta {D: race} some of them horses. {X} {D: Now they come up} {X} {D: and we gotta go pick 'em up}. {D: And then is this} just like you {D: stepping}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: {D: And} {D: and after they get trained} you just wanna see them race. Interviewer: Yeah? 505: Yeah that's {X}, {D: but they ain't it}. And they get trained now. They ain't got them {D: weights on their back to break them. You know I ain't got} {X} {D: put 'em back on make 'em} {D: try to put them on the back.} {D: Well that's a pretty thing}. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well let me ask you about a few e- expressions. Let's say if uh {X} we have to do something together you- you would say not just one of us has to do this, but? 505: Both of us. Interviewer: Or what about if uh you and another man were coming over to see me, you would say that and are coming over. 505: Huh? {D: How you saying how you said that}? Interviewer: {D: You'd say} what if you just wanted to refer to another man? You know not call him by his name? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You'd do it- you just might say that 505: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 505: #1 I and my # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: friend's coming over to visit you. Interviewer: Okay. Or what about if, let's say, you came up to the door and knocked on the door? And I I knew that it was you, but I couldn't see you cause the door's closed? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And I said who's that? You'd just say oh it's? 505: Oh it's. {X} Interviewer: Or if you didn't wanna u- if you didn't just use you name you might just say it's? It's just? 505: A friend? Interviewer: Okay or, let's see uh, how else could you possibly say it? It's a friend or it's {X} or you could just say it's... you know like, like if I know who it is, and I can recognize your voice. You might just say aw it's just? 505: Me. Interviewer: Okay. What about, talking about how tall you are, comparing how tall you are to somebody else, you might say that he isn't as tall as? 505: He's not- he- he's not as tall as I. Interviewer: Well what about if uh, uh, {D: again} talking about how tall you are, you might say well, I'm not as tall as? 505: I'm not as tall as {D: he}. Interviewer: Or, talking about {C: noise} how well you can do something, you might say well, he can do it better than? 505: {D: Better than that}. Interviewer: Well what about if a man had been {D: running} for about two miles and after two miles he just had to stop. You'd say that- that two miles is a? 505: {D: Long journey}. Interviewer: {D: Most he could go or} farthest he could go or something like #1 that? # 505: #2 Yeah. # He uh- uh- uh- uh two miles is a long journey and I figured he just about had {D: give out.} Interviewer: {NW} 505: #1 And I know he would have. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: {X} Interviewer: That's true. okay if a {D: if something belonged me} I'd say that that's? 505: You'd say that's {D: mine}. Interviewer: {D: And if- if} something belongs to you, you'd say that's? 505: I'd say that's- that's mine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} Or if something- if something belonged to him, you'd say that's? 505: That's his. Interviewer: Belongs to her you say that's? 505: That's hers. Interviewer: If it belongs to them you say? 505: That's their- that's theirs Interviewer: Okay. Well what about if- if some people {X} have come to visit you, and you- and they're about to leave, you'd- what would you say to them if you wanted them to come back sometime? 505: {D: I'd say well} come back to see me again. Interviewer: Okay. Well what about if a? {X} {C: muffled speech} Interviewer: Nothing like a good ol' {D: pool} of water on a hot day. Okay I was asking you if a group of people came to see you in the same car and uh and you looked outside and noticed that the lights were on what might you tell 'em? 505: {D: What might I tell 'em?} If the light is on I said who is that? If I didn't know who they were. Interviewer: Oh well I'm talking about if they were already in your house you see and they left their car parked and you noticed that they had left 505: #1 the lights on, what would you do? # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 505: I saw yeah you had you left your lights on go out and turn 'em off. Interviewer: Do you ever say, I know you you probably say y'all {C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: Oh excuse me that's wrong} Interviewer: Oh no not necessarily. {C: laughing} If uh what about a do you ever say uh would would you pa- might you say something like uh uh the lights on y'all's car? 505: #1 The light that's on the car? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say something like is that's y'all's car? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Yeah. Interviewer: You would say something like that? 505: I would say is that i-is that's y'all's car y'all left the lights #1 on? # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 505: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Let's say that that uh some people you know at the end of a party and you hadn't been able to go 505: Yeah. Interviewer: and you wanted to know everybody who was there you would ask, what would you ask them? 505: Well uh there's uh uh someone definitely liable to know what they {X} {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: {X} You went to party? Interviewer: {D: Oh yeah.} 505: And was uh Frank at the party? Interviewer: Well what about if you were asking you know just in general, {NW} you might say you know not asking about anybody specifically {C: rooster crowing} but you might say well who? 505: Who all was at the party? Interviewer: Or let's say that you couldn't get to church on Sunday for some reason. And you were asking somebody afterwards what the preacher had to say? 505: Yeah. Interviewer: Everything they said, you'd ask 505: I would ask as uh who was this to? What was he preaching about? Interviewer: Or maybe you said you you said you might say ask who all was there, do you think you might say well what all did he say? Or what all did he have to say? 505: Yeah. Interviewer: Something like that? 505: Mm. Interviewer: Let's say this is uh, another expression. You might say well, {C: rooster crowing} if no one else will look after them, {C: rooster crowing} you'd say that they've got to look out for? {NS} 505: If no one else {X} {C: noise} what you mean uh {C: noise} it was like someone was sick or something? {C: noise} {NS} Interviewer: Right. But just say a group of people talking about 'em together. You might say about 'em well, if no one else will look after 'em, they've got to look after? 505: I'll do the best I can I'll do what I can for them. Interviewer: Or maybe just they've got to look after #1 themselves or # 505: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 something like that # 505: #2 they uh. # And then, if nobody else will care for them now they'll do the best they can for theirself. Interviewer: Or you might say uh if no one else will do it 505: #1 Excuse me here. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 505: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: {X} Interviewer: Oh! Okay. Should've brought a handkerchief or something. {NS} 505: I'm still sitting there I can't say nothing cause that's what's there. Every night {D: you been sitting there lemonade a cold.} Interviewer: Okay. 505: And I ain't been sitting in there one minute and I saw your yeah I don't know you's been {X} my sister in law she can go out there and come back in why don't you do that I said get {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah. {D: I bet about doing that.} It's something you can't help though. 505: {D: Uh um that's good for for your your your your storm- and uh} {C: rooster crowing} and you're {X} it see that's good for you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Pulling this gig. That's what Diamond told me. Used to tell me all day I said that to you on {X} {D: so I can play it up on they said it ain't good for you.} I really don't {X} {D: I said} {X} {D: you wanna sitting here this silly thing just.} you need me ready {D: I wasn't getting all sweaty and nippy and after I got up in age I went to sweating so bad.} {X} {D: Sure did.} Interviewer: Kinda cools you off you know. 505: Yeah it does it that sweat the thing that cools you off {D: and um being in front I always could shop fast.} I get out and get them with a {D: There's a nippy allowance to come up with jean doing now} {X} She could be there one of those people kind like at in the Bible {D: that's not.} both teams gonna need a piece of game. {X} {D: I need people.} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {X} {D: You ain't done nothing this time I been I beat you} {X} I said Mama one day I would have theorized if I'm being one to you I'm gonna beat you {D: I said I ain't gonna let you beat me if I have to tear my papers up.} She didn't take it up you know. She said Baby it, you ain't cut out to do everything said you riding a horse in your driveway and saw you cutting wood you do everything the boys said you can't do everything or I'm gonna beat you one of these things you got She said well I ain't got another child here to beat. Said one day there would be a be a bunch of trips at night. {X} {X} {D: Now Jordan about to leave us} some kind of {X} like I fixed it in our church and I said I needs to be kinda as oh I am so sleepy {D: she said oh maybe today's a good day for you to beat me to pick me} {X} I said well I guess so. I went back in the house I had some little ol' plates that I put them {D: plants on} {X} {D: I said well get your date night} I hadn't got a hundred {D: and eighty-nine and nine looking like I couldn't get two hundred to save my life.} {D: She Mama filled trying the day to day} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: And that day, do you know what I repeat that day?} Two hundred and thirty-two pounds tackle {NS} {C:whistle} Sure did. {D: She said I knew I knew the greenage to just wait and see you can p-} {D: so you pick a while and then you go ahead and you roll them play and see} {D: and that that means that I beat you} {NW} {C: laughter} {D: She said now that I beat you I'll get another baby} {D: and hydrate or pick which three are going} Interviewer: {X} 505: Oh Mama. {X} {D: Who's there is the back in the back yawning I know that them.} {X} {X} {NW} {D: Until I think these {X} {D: always have been selling.} She got two hundred two three things {D: my bed kinda creaking man too.} {X} If you got in very back of the house yeah I might not back in my bed see you get so much {D: trouble.} {D: They've authorized Ms. Kennedy Jacqueline's too} {D: and I was trying that children's like this and sitting on the back you know} taking him in the house. And we hit a hole and we stacked him in a tree {X} we got a heaving and he was hollering at us {D: one of his feet caught his toe caught his in the cup of his pants} {D: and now he's bringing two hundred and I'm gonna be his nothing then.} {X} {D: He's turning that chair when I turn that chair and sweeping up the kids} here before he does heart and I pulled a muscle in my back. And when I hollered son and Mama's eating suddenly he jumped up and {X} let the man out. Mama said come here let's get her and Daddy done fell and she done caught him. And then he got to the tree he said Nita said I hope you {X} {X} {X} {X} By the way there were two hundred. {X} And I {X} {X} {X} And then he knocks and he just kind of snatch me buy me a kitchen buy me bowling you know the chairs was coming with him I didn't try to catch the chair I just caught him keeping you know from hitting her hard. {D: And I hit him head on and someone got that} he said you're hurting? he said you wanna go to the doctor? {X} Got a different stuff than on my back and he kept on getting in trouble he said doctor doctor you know how he say that she's got a pulled muscle infected she got that between {X} {D: and the older she gets it must be as now in my back get me something.} {X} Every time I cough in my throat and my head here so and something some kind of color {X} I missed your back {X} {X} {NS} Interviewer: Let me ask you this. Let's say uh you might say if no one else will do it for her you say he'd better do it? 505: Hisself. Interviewer: Tell me about different types of {D: breads that stove out.} 505: Oh yes well I know about {D: this is bread, bread.} Cornbread. Flapjacks that's bread. And uh wheat bread that's light bread true enough that's wheat bread {D: that's about the biggest types I know.} Interviewer: You mentioned flapjacks, have you ever heard people call those anything else? 505: Yes, some folk call them things pancakes. Interviewer: Pancakes? {X} Talking about pancakes #1 you hear? # 505: #2 Yeah. # Yeah pancakes that's uh I see 'em make them oh I never did like none of that poppy seed like little. {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} 505: {X} But I never did like it when they put it you know you can plop 'em over that grease it {X} {D: go on top of it but} that's too much grease for me Yeah but he he liked them like that you get that solid molasses you know used to raise? And he could just take that fork and cut that bread like it {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: Uh-huh. {D: And they was crazy about.} {X} Interviewer: You mentioned cornbread uh have you ever heard of any type of cornbread that people talk about making maybe on a board at a part of the fireplace? Or something like #1 that? # 505: #2 Ash cake. # Interviewer: Ash cake? Really made it in ashes? 505: Mm-hmm. I saw it. Another famous and my grandma grandmother said that too. {X} Have a stove and things {D: to fish and cook on.} {D: She uh said you} {X} You're brewing sweeping mashing {X} and you take that make that bread up hot water bread up you make it up with hot water and uh some people put a little grease in the mound I always see grandmother {X} {X} put it down in and take them ashes then they seal them ashes between put them ash on top of there don't you know that's some good bread. Interviewer: I like it a little bit. 505: {X} That uh the mash to make that bread taste so good and then they get it and it get done good and brown they take it out and get in some film nice clean rag and wrap that them ashes on. And you you ain't never eaten that have? Interviewer: Ash cake? 505: Uh-huh. I don't believe it's ever taste good to me. Interviewer: {D: I don't believe it.} 505: {X} I'm surprised that nobody imagined it to do for your bread. Interviewer: Seems like it wouldn't do much. Seems like it would make it taste bad to me. 505: Nu-uh I did I thought it too. But it got the best taste. And uh one day uh she sitting there talking about it I said {X} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: She said Imma learn you make sure you know how to make them let you make them And uh my daddy ever stated. {X} And then that's why daddy. {X} {NW} {D: He came in just about time my grandmother got this bread.} {X} {NW} He said she said I wanna learn everything I know so when she get grown she know what to do. And when you jet out it's always good. And she told me what it means and right here where my house is now {D: this is where she get in for the cabin crossing} {D: this is why I got my spot over in their hairs so} {X} {D: I never did get nowhere.} {X} {D: She was sitting there and she said} {X} {X} she had a little strip right back to her house there's a ditch between then {D: my son now he may come in behind and} {D: Lord he just} {X} and she and this troop of {X} {D: and she'd be throwing that cat in the knife.} {X} {D: She said God bless you} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} {X} you know what people saying? I find with somebody there see she make me feel her. {X} Paula said she said {X} I'm gonna get you in the dead of night. She said now what you gonna do with the rest of your month I said uh I'm gonna buy them my man she said good. What'd you say? I said I'm gonna buy with with Mama {X} Mama and who? I said Papa and Bill's uh. She said what you gonna get there? I {D: said I'm gonna give them a half a bed and I'm gonna take the other bed.} She said {NW} {D: So they read you won hadn't you?} Usually uh {X} {X} I said now I put more money in the bank and I said when they need somebody to share it with she said I didn't think he'd even miss it. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # {D: And instead she} {D: she told Paula} she said, you know what? As long as I'm gonna be old, Lord, {D: and then she said I know because you're ready} {D: and she said she's gonna come over to your house.} Said she gonna wear everything. {D: Right to the T.} But I did her dress and I couldn't have sewed anything she {X} shoot {X} and then they paying not that deal she could cook that mess and pudding she'd make 'em put it in a painting when it get done it be ready at. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: They kept talking about doing that and I never put the} {X} Interviewer: Talking about molasses is there anything else people called that? 505: Some of 'em called it a sorghum molasses some of 'em call it syrup. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? #1 Molasses and # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 sorghum syrup? # 505: #2 Uh-huh. # {D: And then the a- all you buy now is different kind of circular some of 'em sent invitations some of them.} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: And some sets uh without I have never seen someone that'll vote it tasted just like real like sorghum molasses they have invitation now that is. {X} They have the sorghum mirror {D: pure gold thing now.} Or they're. {X} Interviewer: Talking about corn bread what do you call these big round and it's about about that size and? 505: {X} Interviewer: {D: Now would you} they cook it in a #1 pan with # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 so many holes in it? # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Well what about these aren't muf- muffins, but they're they're shaped like little balls? Have onion in them, uh #1 you know # 505: #2 oh # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {D: yes I've seen} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {X} # {X} Fish sticks though. Interviewer: Fish stick? 505: Mm-hmm. Now some of them {D: someone did some of 'em came in a ball} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And I got a little over a. {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Uh-huh. Eh? Now that's what you can cook. {NW} {X} Interviewer: I don't think I've ever seen anything like that before. 505: Oh you hadn't. {NS} {D: And and many a people been trying to buy up the rest of this antique stuff.} Interviewer: {NW} 505: And I'll use this stuff to better pack {D: that old mission in this safe here and you then use these jars in another safe} {D: Uh-huh.} Interviewer: Now this is, this isn't the same thing as uh, talking like a hush puppy is? 505: No it could {X} anything like they like you talking about them {D: long.} {D: And throwing and everything in.} {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: And you can just cook {D: straight out corn bread in here I cooked some now} the corn sticks in here. Uh-huh just like I got {X} some time I got greens or something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I could sit there I could sit in here. So one day a man asks me he said ain't you gonna break that bar shed I said mm-mm. He said I'm about to have that kitchen grill by my side {D: but I was tricking you but I'm not giving it up.} {NW} Interviewer: I wouldn't either #1 {D: I hadn't ever seen I I hadn't seen any} # 505: #2 No? # Interviewer: {D: thing like that.} 505: See him? Interviewer: {X} {C:dog barking in background} 505: {X} {C: dog barking in background} {X} {C: dog barking in background} {NS} {C: dog barking} {NS} Let me see uh {NS} {X} I missed somebody come in Aux: yeah uh I used uh my mother when my mother passed 505: just then I feel I had never. {NS} My mother had all kind of {X} {D: I had many} {X} one of them. {X} {NS} And my Mama {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {X} I won't come and everything. I'll go go somewhere and eat. Get so much trouble. {X} {X} {X} A man came on here been back. Mm-hmm he'd been about a month ago now that and I had this man he stood me up {D: tell you the truth} {X} {NW} and he you know he give me three {X} three pieces. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: {X} {D: he said he tried his best} {X} and he certainly won't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: He said if you had just let me have {D: that had a little thing no more.} {D: He called me to him and} {D: and he said if you'd just let me have} {X} {D: I'd give you ten dollars for it.} {X} And he said now do you go ahead and do you {D: and I goes} I said mm-hmm. {NW} {C: laughter} {D: He said using messages said} I said if you want it that badly. Here's a thing that looks just like it had another hole in it can of {X} just like that and it did now. {X} just to the middle of that. But he could carry three glasses on. {X} And he liked it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And he can reach {X} He said he ain't never seen nothing like it before. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: He said what are you gonna do I said {X} well now you know. Interviewer: Well let me ask you, have you ever seen any kind of cornbread that was made uh deep pan and it's pretty soft, almost as, so soft you could just kinda spoon it out you know almost like mashed potatoes? 505: Cornbread? Interviewer: You got a kind of cornbread like that? 505: No I have seen cush made like that. It's made like corn bread with onions and um banana sometimes you can put that um sage in it and black pepper. Now yes I've seen cush made like that before. Interviewer: Yeah have you ever heard of anything called spoon bread? 505: Uh-huh. Now that's made out of that's made out of sorghum molasses now that's {D: what Mrs. Norm called it.} we called it corn bread pudding. Interviewer: {NW} 505: Have you ever eaten any of that? Interviewer: {X} 505: Well now I've tried everything but that's one thing I've never tried to cook. {D: That old lady was named Mo Smith Stevis.} {X} my daddy used to eat {X} out of the woods and he died. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: She cooked she cooked this corn bread pudding and I'm telling you she would give us if you hadn't got a piece of it you'd be mowing some hope. Interviewer: {NS} 505: And my mother would cook it but I have never tried and she said that's the only thing that she know that I seen Peter cook that I didn't look like I could make it {X} I tried one and it wouldn't even come out right and I throwed it in the slop. {NW} {C:laughter} Well you see you're in a bit of a mess now. Said you didn't make it right like your Mama told you see you put too much shortening in. But mine didn't taste like hers and I never did try no more. But she could make the best corn bread pudding with sorghum molasses. She put so much sorghum molasses and she put no sugar in it. {X} And she put eggs in it. And she put the shortening. #1 It just smelled like a cake but # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: But there's sorghum molasses in that corn bread you don't know how good that taste. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of anything called a corn dodger? 505: No. Interviewer: {X} 505: {X} What is that? Interviewer: I'm not sure what it is, it's, it seems to be different things to different people what you call a uh a corn stick or uh or fish stick #1 something like that, # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: some people call corn dodgers #1 some people. # 505: #2 That's I imagine # that's about the same thing as something like a muffin like #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 505: in that I imagine so. Interviewer: What about okay. 505: Oh yeah. {X} {X} One day. {X} {D: But you couldn't hear what.} {X} {D: It's a flour bread} {D: you know I don't want no cornbread} {X} I said {X} {D: I said what I did tonight?} {D: He said nah you too.} {X} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 505: #2 {NW} {C: laughter} # Interviewer: Some people say that they're really only two kinds of bread, there's a the homemade bread and then there's a kind that you buy at the store that's called a the uh homemade bread and you got? 505: Light bread and what? Interviewer: Just light bread? You ever heard of people call that store bought bread or bought bread? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about this uh these things that you make out of out of batter? And you fry 'em in deep fat and they have a hole right in the middle of them? 505: Oh I know it {X} are you talking about uh donuts? Interviewer: Have you ever heard of taking some donut batter and just dipping it in the deep fat? and cooking it that way? 505: No I haven't I tell you what I'll be frank with you I haven't saw {X} donuts cooked in my life. {D: But if you're gonna give me the recipe then I promise you that I was gonna cook it.} But I've never tried it but I believe I can. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: I haven't had uh I haven't had gosh a home homemade donut in ages probably hadn't had it more than one or two times. 505: Well I tell you what I got a I got a niece that need a {X} {D: in a bakery now she looked at me she make.} Interviewer: Yeah? 505: She made a batch of 'em when she come here and she said to me {X} {D: did you ever make me a} {D: seminole cake?} {D: And I said I poured so much food in all that stuff} But she said I know you can cook in any kind of kitchen you want but I want you to cook this. I said no you're gonna have to show me how you cook it. Now tell me how you cook it. I said damn near tried. She said you want me to bring you on? I said. {X} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: And she cooked it. And uh she called me the other day and she says have you tried that cake I said no I haven't. {D: Since I got up in my seventies see if I cook a whole cake for myself} {D: if the kids ain't out of school they'll come by here with {X} children and eat it up. It's just a waste, and I don't do that. {D: You know just like I} {X} something like that like. Or the family that'll come for the funeral. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} This knee by myself {D: and I hardly ever bake a cake.} {D: I cooked that boy} {D: that boy what I told you} {X} and he uh {X} and he said. What did you put in this pie? I same thing I guess you put in yours mm-hmm. He said that's the best pie 'cause all you can cook. I said you said that because. {X} Until you get back. {NW} I I used to love to cook but since after my mom's husband. {X} {D: It makes a difference.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: So tell me when you make bread, what is that stuff that you put in the bread to make it rise? 505: Well if you've got straight flour you put your pinch of soda and baking powder and salt. And if you just got self-rising flour you put your shortening and your shortening in it. {X} Interviewer: Is there anything else you could put in it to make it rise? 505: No, no more than baking powder and soda. Interviewer: What about yeast? 505: Oh you use yeast when you're making light bread. Interviewer: Oh. Well what about? 505: My mother used to make light bread all the time. That's one thing I hadn't tried. Interviewer: What about the two parts of an egg, you got the white and the? 505: And the yolk. Interviewer: What color is it? 505: The the the yolk is the white and then the the yellow. Interviewer: What about some different ways to cook an egg that you know about? 505: Oh you can poach eggs. You can scramble 'em. You can uh flip 'em. {D: And then uh even if you want to poach 'em in water.} {X} {X} Then turn it over. Interviewer: {NW} 505: {X} Interviewer: What do you call that piece of meat that you make to go along into the greens? {X} 505: {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: You can have the fat off the shoulder or the fat off the head. Interviewer: Yeah I was trying to ask you if that had a lot of lean on it or not? 505: Uh th-that ham was the one that. {X} Interviewer: What about this is a a type of meat that a lot of people like to eat for breakfast it comes in slices you know and? 505: {X} Bacon? Interviewer: Now is that the same what if you wanted to buy a lot of it and you didn't want to get it sliced, you might buy yourself a whole? 505: You can there buy your whole self a whole slab. Interviewer: Now is smoked meat the same thing as bacon? {NS} 505: Well it's smoked bacon they smoke uh {X} {D: middling meat.} Now you can you can you can smoke your ham. That George and Billie used to smoke uh. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: Now I just use the {X} salt because. {X} But um uh that come with something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {NW} {C: cough} Interviewer: What what about if your meat's been kept too long, you'd say that it's now what? 505: Oh it done got strong. And then got rancid, {D: something's eating the meat.} Rancid now rancid and strong's the same thing. Interviewer: {D: Old?} 505: No it's not strong, it just done got old and here if you hang it up and my meat I've got mine in deep freeze. Interviewer: It's not necessary to spoil 'em? 505: Nah there ain't no spoiling it's. {X} {X} We had him cut some and I take mine down boil the knife. Interviewer: {X} 505: Mm-hmm. Now now now I could've uh let me see I coulda showed him {D: what's he gonna show let me see.} Interviewer: Okay. Tell me about what you can make for with uh the meat from a hog's head? 505: {D: Oh you can make souse salad} you can take the head and the ears and the feet and make souse. Interviewer: {NW} 505: Take that meat and cook it all to pieces and take it {D: you don't want to grind but it's not that you take a hand and work in it.} But when you grind it it's just falls to mush you know when you cook it {X} {X} Your sage and your black pepper if you like a little red like it hot you can put red pepper in it. Cayenne pepper. And put it squeeze it up real good then you put it in a con- in a container {D: I get it thick as you want it as thin as you want it.} And let it sit there until it. {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Have you ever heard souse called head cheese? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Same thing? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about making something by grinding up hog liver and uh cooking it, you ever heard of anything like that? 505: No. Interviewer: Beg pardon? 505: I begged pardon, I asked you, what did you say? Interviewer: Have you ever heard of making anything by cooking it and grinding up hog liver? 505: No. Or. Yes I did. I take that back. Some people would make {X} {X} we called it. We put onions and {D: vinegar} and peppers and whatnot. Take that vinegar and put it in there and they call it uh what they call that stuff? {X} Was ready to come back from uh. {X} {X} {D: But I laughed.} I said {X} I said I like beef. {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: She said I likes the way you cook it. She said I haven't been able to eat here tonight that you cook. I says that I just used fried egg and Crisco I said I made a gravy too and and put some onions in it. She says I I watched you and how you cooked that I says yeah-huh that's that's the way my mother taught me to cook it and she got this other one cooked all to pieces. {X} And uh now how she worked it up cause I {X} {D: come back up.} I imagined she had went {D: and still not gonna give you the sides.} But she put all these ingredients in there {D: and I ain't gonna tell you no story.} {X} Onions and she put sage in there. Black pepper and garlic they're in there too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: #1 {D: Now she} # Interviewer: #2 Now tell. # 505: she was fixing to. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: So tell me, have you ever heard of anybody making something out of hog's blood? 505: I have heard talk of it but I've never seen it. Well wha- what could it be? Interviewer: I don't know, it doesn't sound too appetizing to me. 505: And oh me neither but they tell me {D: they'll keep that hog blood in for something like that.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. And what about, have you ever taken or have you ever heard of anybody taking the juice from the souse and mixing it up with some corn meal and some hard meat maybe and and uh cooking it and then uh maybe after it gets cold, slicing it up and frying it that way? 505: {X} Interviewer: {X} Okay what about if if you kept your butter too long and it doesn't taste good #1 you'd say it's? # 505: #2 It's rancid. # Interviewer: {D: Rancid?} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody say that their butter had a funky taste #1 or something like that? # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # They said {X} Interviewer: Is that right? 505: {X} {X} Uh we called it {X} You {X} just like that butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And uh most of that if you ain't. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about, what do you call thick sour milk that you might keep around the kitchen to make things out of? 505: Thick sour milk? Oh you can make gravy out of it if it's not too sour. If it's too sour then your {D: bread is still soggy.} {D: You can take it round} {D: take it right out of there.} And make uh make a bread you can take sour bread that's kind of milk kind of sour and if you use a good kind of {D: good biscuit making} put your {D: you season that right you got some good fluffy biscuits.} Interviewer: You ever heard people call that clabber? 505: Yeah. That's when they {X} the cream from the top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: and the clabber is at the bottom. {D: I reckon it's just something.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: Don't go talking about that {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: laughter} # 505: #2 {NW} {C: laughter} # Interviewer: Well have you ever heard of people making stuff like can you make cottage cheese out of that? 505: Yes. Out of uh-huh. {D: You use uh} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: It's some kind of {X} get in there and get them things. I really done forgotten everything about how we made it. But uh we made that in the home {X} Interviewer: {NW} Uh-huh. Well what about after you've just uh? 505: You want some more? {X} Interviewer: No I'm okay. Uh what about after you've just uh milked a cow and you wanna get the impurities out, what do you have to do with that? 505: Well just like if you milked your milk Uh-uh when you're well when you milk your milk. {X} In the in the beginning {X} keep your. {X} And on occasion {D: make your cows so happy.} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And you should have a pile that you use to start {D: if there was some kind of} {X} {D: that you thought was} {X} you know it's really light this time of year. Let go until you milk and uh sometime they may becomes a. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {NW} But you keep to that {X} to your cows. And then if you find milk. Interviewer: {X} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what you know some people will pour their milk through a kind of a fine wire #1 mesh to get # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: the impurities out? 505: #1 {D: Yeah you could say that.} # Interviewer: #2 {D: What do you call that?} # 505: I know you using that to dairy I forget what it's called. {X} {X} But anyway they if any germ in there they're supposed to pour it through that thing in the kitchen. And uh if they're milking right they're gonna use it. Interviewer: But they they'll say that? 505: They got a thing like some momma they. {D: They'll have had their strain and} {X} {D: strain their milk.} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something that you might make out of make might make for dessert? Let's say out of, might make it in a deep dish with uh slices of fruit and it has a thick crust on top? Not exactly a pie but something like it? 505: What you mean uh what you call them things? That uh I was talking with you about that the other day {D: the one that} {X} you mean made out of fruit? Uh. Interviewer: Has fruit in it, you know just like a pie will? 505: Yeah you call them a. {NW} {X} {X} What do you call them thing? You slice it {D: real slices though.} Is this what you're talking about? Interviewer: It's like what? 505: What you talking about like when you're out here making a #1 it's like. # Interviewer: #2 It's got sliced fruit in it # 505: Uh-huh Well I mean when you go to eat it do you have to dip it out or do you slice it? Interviewer: Mm. You could uh most people most people at uh the times I've just you know dip it out with a spoon. 505: Oh you must be talking about something like a peach pie or something aren't you? Interviewer: Peach #1 cobbler? # 505: #2 A pie? # Yes or there might be a pie, something like that that's uh Interviewer: Mm. 505: that's what you're talking about here. {D: You put a crust on.} Interviewer: Yeah alright. 505: Oh That's a blackberry pie, {D: a paying pie.} And got juice in there. Interviewer: A pie and a cobbler are the same thing? 505: Mm-hmm {D: I don't know} {D: that crust just on top and here.} Yeah closer there yeah go on through there when you make a cobbler and when you make a pie you get uh {D: what is it at button is on top} and the juice and uh and then uh wherever fruit in there is in between there but you sweeten it and put your flavor and the butter in now and uh put the sugar in there and then you cause the top of it it's gonna get in there and brown and then you cut down through that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh wee. 505: {D: You like blackberry pie?} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: {D: Yeah?} I like some {X} myself. I made a cute one the other day. {X} {X} {D: I said I know where I'm gonna do with mines.} {X} Interviewer: Before I left for college. 505: {NW} Interviewer: Before I left home #1 {D: and I put some} # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: some friends and I and we picked some huckleberries. 505: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 But yeah # you can make a pie, cobbler out of that. 505: What kind of berry? Interviewer: Huckleberry. 505: Huckleberry. Interviewer: Y'all have those around here? 505: Uh-uh. Interviewer: They're kinda like a blackberry. 505: {NW} {C: coughing} Are they large? Interviewer: They're smaller than blackberries. Takes more of 'em. Little round things. {NS} 505: They're little old bitty things ain't they? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And they're black. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I saw 'em at {X} but I didn't know what they were. {NW} {C: coughing} And {X} the backyard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Uh and it was a kind of slope you know out back a house and then some of them there they {D: reached that.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And they would go down and pick 'em and make pies but I didn't know what it was too little. But may I ask you this? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Now you saw a berry when they get ripe it's white Interviewer: {X} 505: What kind of berry is that? Interviewer: I don't know that there is one. 505: I have picked it. My cousin when I was three seemed like my mother good for a. {X} And he handed me his garden but I never seen them since and before neither. When they get when they get uh uh they but just about color they take and you got when they get ripe. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: And do you know they want a green berry? I oh I I I I couldn't sit over here and name them but he had 'em in his garden. And there was a good bit. Interviewer: {D: I don't know what.} {X} 505: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: I ain't seen none of 'em before and since neither. It was at his house and he was a doctor and he had them berries. But she used to {X} and she was a colored woman and and she's dating. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Just like {X} {D: their mother and cook for it.} {D: And he said my nightmare is this.} Interviewer: Well let me ask you, what about if somebody had a a real good appetite, you might say well he sure does like to put away his? 505: His food. Interviewer: You ever hear of people say he likes to put away his vittles? 505: Yeah I sure do. [NW} {C: laughter} You sure telling the truth everybody in here uses that yeah. Interviewer: {NW} {C: laughs} 505: Yeah they sure do. {X} Interviewer: What about let's say if you had some gingerbread or something like that, what do you call that that sweet uh liquid that you might pour over it when you serve it? That's some kind of? 505: Oh uh sometime you can make uh ambrosia. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 To # pour a little of that. And then sometimes you can make a syrup. Like when my mother used to cook us a. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} {D: She would go down to cook that and then she'd have a syrup.} That she would take uh she would take milk and eggs and maybe stir it up. And uh put sugar in it and flavoring you're talking about good that's good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And I imagine that's just about what they use {D: with all that.} Yeah. Interviewer: What do you call food that you eat between meals? Say you're gonna have a what? 505: Snack. Interviewer: A snack? Yeah. And uh {NS} what about if uh you have some people over to eat and everybody was just standing around the table you might tell them well why don't you just go ahead and? 505: Serve yourself or I'm gonna serve you {X} style. Interviewer: Or if they were still standing up, you might just tell them well just go ahead and? 505: And sit down and eat. Interviewer: Okay. Well what about if somebody offered you something that you didn't really want you might say to 'em what? 505: I thank you. I would tell them thank you because I'll go ahead and have it. {D: Or if you ain't got to take it you ain't got that} just keep it if you don't want it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And sometime now if you ask {D: and just like you offered me something I have} I said well I already got this but uh if you'll give it to me I'll appreciate it. Interviewer: What do you call food that's been uh cooked and served a second time? 505: Leftovers. Interviewer: {X} And you say the food's been? 505: Reheated. Reheat. Interviewer: Or warmed over maybe? 505: Yeah warmed. {X} Interviewer: What do you do when you put food in your mouth and uh? 505: Chew? Interviewer: Chew it? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you tell me about uh anything like uh yeah you did, talking about cush? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Something like that? # The same thing some people call mush? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. What about uh oh oh I don't know this stuff that that a lot of people here in the south like to eat, especially for breakfast? Uh made out of uh oh and you know it's served with sausage and eggs and it's made out of ground corn? You know it's boiled? #1 {D: About white colored?} # 505: #2 {NW} # Uh uh it uh Says it was made out of corn? Interviewer: Yes ma'am. White colored, some people put butter on it and. 505: And it's not hominy, is it? Interviewer: Hominy, well that's kind of whole uh. 505: Whole grain. Interviewer: Yeah. This is ground up real fine you know like that. 505: I don't know it. Interviewer: Like grits? 505: Unless, I know we got a {D: peas}, and they got grits. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: They got grits, now grits is uh they tell me another {X} but I don't know what it is I got a uh. Interviewer: It's uh. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh. 505: Then there are l-lots of people like that but I I used to I used to have to eat 'em when I was in the hospital. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: But uh {D: I never did.} {X} Interviewer: Well what about uh along with your meat or a meal you might have potatoes or what else would be good with meat? 505: Oh yes certainly there's some kind of. {X} And be careful called now {D: bring us tea.} Something like that would be good. Now if you want a really good {X} {D: you'd get you some uh} cook that ham just on that pocket over that grease in there good cooked good in it and pour the most of the grease outta there and pour you a little water in there and make that brown gravy you know. {D: And then stir in them eggs like that.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And get you some good kitchen syrup you got a little. {X} Interviewer: What's something else that you might pour gravy over? 505: Fried chicken. Interviewer: Chicken or? 505: {X} Interviewer: Or what else, what kind of grain? You know it's white stuff and grains or Uncle Ben's uh? {X} 505: I still junk like that I don't I don't hardly eat. {X} {D: I have wasted for people.} Interviewer: Do you like rice? 505: Mm-hmm. {X} Now that's one {D:thing} I I used to love. Interviewer: What about if I had a belt that was made out of cow hide, it was pure cow hide and nothing else? I might tell somebody now this isn't artificial cow hide, it's? 505: Real hide. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or it's it's um {C: background noise} it's you know I might say it's genu-? 505: Genuine leather? Interviewer: {NS} This is something else that you might uh put on your biscuits besides syrup you know made out of uh different kinds of fruit, you can spread it on something like that, what? 505: {D: Simple syrup, wouldn't the type?} Interviewer: Syrup or this isn't exactly, well it might, it's kind of like preserves, but it's? 505: Jell-o. Interviewer: Or. 505: {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: {D: I have taken grapes on there like that} Interviewer: {NW} 505: Wednesday night. I mixed Jell-o and. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} I don't care for him. Interviewer: {NW} What about if uh if uh I don't know, if you were trying to tell me where somebody lived you might, might you might say well he doesn't live here, close by, he lives? 505: Further down the road. Interviewer: Or you might in telling somebody how to do something you might say well don't do it that way, do it? 505: This way. Interviewer: And what about uh if you have a lot of fruit trees say a lot of peach trees together you'd say you have a what? 505: I have 'em uh uh in a cluster's too close together. If you got 'em running at ends at least from one to the other but they shouldn't be so close they touch each other they should have a distance. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people calling that an orchard? 505: Mm-hmm. Now my son, say my grandmother used to help feed him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And he was so close to getting him to {X} {D: you're getting trees croaching in} {D: most too close together like uh pencils.} Interviewer: {X} 505: {D: And she'd come} {D: and when she was sitting in the house he was small.} {D: And she didn't give him distance growing up from under that.} {X} {X} {X} {D: Daddy come near home and told us that most of this tree} {D: has been uh} {X} {D: by the others so bad I'm gonna cut it down she said no.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: And the yard in the back yard front yard. {X} {D: It's full.} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I got me a. {X} Interviewer: What about, I'd like to say something like uh when I was a boy, my father was poor. But next door was a boy? 505: Rich. Interviewer: What what about some of the different types of fruits you have growing around here? 505: All we have are apples. Peaches. And uh plums. Some of 'em have a {D: well you mean peach trees have been built then are sun too they just pass one and they die.} And the figs and uh pears. And uh we raise them so there are {D:tame Greek around the church barrel.} {X} Interviewer: Hmm. 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear # 505: #2 And. # Interviewer: of what kind of fruit tree it was that George Washington was supposed to have chopped down? 505: Yes sir the cherry tree right there. Interviewer: What do you call it, the hard part the inside part of the cherry? 505: The part of {D:a cherry hurts?} Interviewer: That, that hard thing that you might break a tooth on #1 if you bit down on? # 505: #2 Mm-mm. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about the inside of a peach, that's it? 505: That's the core. Interviewer: That's what? 505: That's a core. Interviewer: Oh yeah. You know, there there's some kind of peaches that uh you know {NW} the fruit is real tight against the? 505: Mm-hmm that's the. {X} Interviewer: And the other type is? 505: {X} That's freestone. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} When what, and after you eat an apple, what's that part that's left? 505: Core. That's why you, that's why it's like the seeds in there you can plant that core. And uh sometime the tree will come up and then most time you just plant that whole apple here and that apple'd rot away and we'd come back and we'd, if that. {X} Interviewer: Well let me ask you, have you ever heard of uh uh cutting up some apples or peaches and letting parts dry? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is there anything special you'd call that? 505: Mm-hmm dried peaches. Interviewer: Just dried peach? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 505: We used to dry apples. Really. When we were little children we lived out {X} this way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: We all {D: would stand in a big orchard.} Love we'd get them apples and we'd peel 'em and just slice 'em kind of thin Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: We'd get up on the shed and spread some down on there and put 'em on that tin in that and them apples dried just like it by myself Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: You can dry peaches like that. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a kind of nut, I, it, I don't imagine it grows around here, but you see it around Christmastime a lot you know? They're kind of long and gray colored? 505: Uh look kind uh kind of clean and kind of blunt at the end? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: That's a peanut isn't it? Interviewer: What? 505: {D: Prune nut isn't it?} Interviewer: I was, I don't know, is that the same thing as almonds? Something like that? 505: Almonds is that's kinda kinda round. {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay what about that fruit that uh you know a lot of it grows in Florida? And uh 505: {X} Oranges and Interviewer: {D: Yeah.} 505: they tell me I I I don't know I had a friend that went there a neighbor went. {X} He went there and then they were breaking that sugarcane. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And he said uh he's sitting there talking and he said uh {X} He said you oughta been down there in Florida to see them wild snakes. I said what you say? {NW} He said you would have been down there and just see them rattlesnake said God we {D: the other day they had uh} {X} sugarcane did right. {D: They had lost some of 'em.} {X} {X} {D: Deers and things different kind of animal.} {X} {D: To the woods I don't know.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah? 505: And he {X} and the leaves and flowers see now then they came with some thickness. Just transfer from one place to another. Interviewer: Let me ask you about uh this uh this little red colored root vegetable that tastes I don't - about that size, you know tastes kind of hot and peppery? 505: {X} Yeah I guess some of 'em garden that. {X} {D: But when.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah? 505: Uh-huh. {X} Interviewer: Well what about these things that'll make your eyes water if you try to slice 'em? 505: Oh uh {NW} I don't get. {X} {NW} Interviewer: What about, what about the ones that uh you know, they're small and they have a long stalk? 505: You talking about uh shallots. Interviewer: What? 505: You're talking about shallots are you? Interviewer: Is that what you call 'em? 505: {D: Yes ma'am.} My grandmother used to have a bed {D: oh half-wide as my bed and longer.} {X} {X} I don't like I like it but it don't like me. {D: I was standing} {X} {D: you remember you'd buy me some of the.} {X} And cook me some ham. {X} When I come back I got that buttermilk in that big ol' crock. {X} {D: It's real.} {D: I used to be able could eat it.} {D: I think I've} {X} and uh I got that {X} shallots you hear me? {X} That's so good. Fried there good you know what I got that ham and those shallots and then mix together and I bet you in a half hour time. {X} {D: In my life.} Interviewer: Mm. 505: {D: Before I run my horse} {X} {D: and then you know} {D: suddenly tell you that I'm in.} {X} {D: We had a horse} {D: and they was.} {X} Uh uh everyb- {D: e-everybody sitting in there and then their racetrack ain't no farther no} and that's what I used to drive old track. Interviewer: {NW} 505: And uh they told me {X} {X} {X} {X} {D: the man's telephone was of his soul} {D: I knew we didn't call him Doctor} {X} {X} and the doctor begin that. Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: And uh} my {D: now my beauty} {D: high my} {NW} my grandmother had these old high beams you know that {D: you heard 'em talking about me haven't you?} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: {D: And she had} {D: you didn't you had to get them.} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {NW} {NW} You have not {D: I'm not I'm not} {D: baby I'm} telling the truth. Yeah. Yeah. Most time now she most time she {D: just simple building when she put a pit on that railing you know.} {D: And but now she brought the egg on.} {D: Probably told Mom we'd use it.} {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: {D: You'd get all the basics.} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And uh doctor got that. {D: He says she's a sick child} {D: at the moment he said say I don't know what to say.} {D: He got that rubber running through my nose.} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {X} {D: Round my nose and.} Mostly didn't understand our {X} Interviewer: Mm. 505: And then put 'em there. {D: And said let me.} {D: She just wanted to try this} {D: said just went in from one} {X} and just {X} {D: in between the beds really.} {D: They've got big} {D: houses big black sour houses on there} {X} {D: behind it all.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} And I got to throw that stuff outta me and went from one bed to the other he said she had a. {X} Interviewer: Yeah? 505: Obviously your {X} {X} she'll be alright. And I was just. {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: He said his money has had gold through my sister.} {X} He was sitting there with me about two hours. {D: And I know everything} {X} And when I come to myself I said. {X} {D: And then he said.} {X} {D: He got up and got some stuff and it's just like.} {D: milk when you pitch it in water.} {D: Now he puts his normal water} {X} {D: slipped 'em in.} In a few minutes them guys well that guy. {X} Interviewer: Mm. 505: It's just like a stinging {D: it felt hot that I burned it just like} {X} {D: that's where you fit it.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: {X} {D: I had done sweated some.} After then I had {D: fever and I had a weird idea.} {D: And I had a fever} {D: you know the fever would take me right here.} {D: I had done.} {X} {X} {D: He said boy} {X} another {X} {D: and my hair you just.} {X} Interviewer: Mm. 505: {D: And I said we had been waiting about a half hour.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: {D: He told mother} {D: check the junk drawer.} {X} {X} {D: From the changing the bed but} {D: part of you is.} {X} {NW} {X} Interviewer: So you were kept? 505: {D: No I didn't think one bit of it that's what she wants} {D: I said Mama you know you came to give me the day you want me?} {D: She has a kid she don't know about.} {X} She's been eating more and said her {X} and I said more I did. {D: I was peacefully} {X} {D: but I didn't need too much to me I had never} {X} much of me. {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay and what about uh some of the vegetables you might put in a vegetable soup? 505: Oh yeah you get your butter beans if you like okra in there okra is good in there if you like it in there and you can put peas in your collards and tomatoes I got some made. {X} I had made a boy a pea soup the other day Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I I {X} But just it's really good you put your tomato peel your tomatoes and chop 'em all up in there and chop all that up in there good. {X} Interviewer: What about if you left like an apple around in the sun it just gonna dry up and be {X} what? #1 Does it dry or? # 505: #2 Squish. # You can just squish Interviewer: And shrivel up? 505: Mm-hmm. Just squish it up. Interviewer: What about uh a leafy vegetable that people grow around here a lot? 505: Cabbage? {D: What?} The stalk is growing out on the {D: street and then the} {D: curves and the leaves} {X} {D: back up again.} {D: And then they would fall and saw here again.} I got some in my garden now that. {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What about if you were sending somebody to the store to buy you some lettuce? You'd tell them to do what? You'd say go get me? 505: Bring me a head of lettuce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And then. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about if man had a s- let's say about seven boys and seven girls. Yeah I was referring to the to the number of children he had and you say he had a whole? 505: {X} I'd say he had a whole lots of 'em. Interviewer: #1 A-huh. # 505: #2 {NW} # {NS} Yeah. {D: He had a whole crew of 'em} {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: Fourteen is just about a crew. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you know other people say uh he had a whole passel of children? 505: Yeah. Well he just about could have a passel because there's. {X} But I'd {D: I'd tell him to} {D: move them here to.} {X} Interviewer: Mm. Mm-hmm. Talking about vegetables, {NS} {C: rooster clucking} corn, what do you call the things on the outside of the corn that you have to #1 strip off? # 505: #2 Sh-sh- shuck. # Interviewer: {D: That's the shuck?} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And the stuff that grows out of the top? 505: Tassel. Interviewer: And what about the stuff that you have to brush off of the? That's the silk. That's the silk, hmm. What about these things that, you know, you said people uh like to get 'em around Halloween is good #1 for uh? # 505: #2 Pumpkins. # Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about some different kinds of melons? 505: Oh yes you can have uh you have a grape melon and then the yellow melon and then you have the red melon and then they have the what you call that little one melons they make pickle out of. {X} Cause yeah that's all I feel comfortable {X} {X} We didn't shake them and make up. {D: Because uh.} {X} {X} It looked just like a walnut. Interviewer: Called what? 505: {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah yeah. 505: Uh-huh. And it looks just like a watermelon so. {X} {X} {D: He said that uh} {X} {X} {D: right here annoying.} {D: Then you know what I'll sit at your feet.} I. {NW} {C: laughter} {D: I done for you} {D: wanted to have fun} {D: I went back in the house and got this suit.} He said. {X} He said I was being {X} I said yes it is. You're tough to ignore. Robert. {D: Who's there I wanna tell you I} {X} I said honey. He said I can't said he doesn't take no {X} {NW} {D: no one say} {D: no boy I say} {X} I only got {X} {D: says she poured it out} {X} {D: my mom said she know to use now.} Interviewer: Mm. 505: But we {X} see you become a {D: volunteer in the field.} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: {D: And I didn't know if it was out there or not} {D: as I walk around the} {X} I said what is this? And he wouldn't tell me and he laughed at me. I said is this what we playing? He laughed he said oh that's in the morning said there's more back up here said them things are {D: all the way up here} {D: and now you don't know the difference.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: {X} You shouldn't do me like that. {X} {D: Got him to wear a big} {X} {D: and he said nah you gonna get you're getting right now.} {D: Yeah we used to raise} {X} Interviewer: What do you call these things I don't, I hadn't seen any since I've been in Tennessee but sometimes they grow up in people's yards, they have uh kind of a slender stalk, and then the top kind of spreads out? Looks kind of like an open umbrella about, some of 'em about this tall you know? {NS} Some people eat 'em, for dinner chop 'em up slice 'em up? 505: Let's see what could that be. S- I don't know maybe I haven't been uh I haven't seen that many. Interviewer: Mushrooms? 505: Well I don't know. Now them mushrooms over here they're uh they're not big go out in the woods somewhere there be big mushrooms out there but we are and maybe I just called 'em toadstools. {D: You know I hear that people eat them.} But uh, they don't grow around here but uh a farm was in {X} like they come around {X} because they didn't use to eat 'em because it grows out big large and they {D: you know they never sent it but I} I have never eaten it. Interviewer: Oh I have and I like 'em. 505: Huh? Interviewer: I like 'em. 505: Well that's what I'm saying you {D: see the thing is that your mama fix you you never} {D: fix in your life you don't know what you eat.} Interviewer: Mm. 505: Let's just say you haven't never eaten any of those I haven't. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: A boy came here from over {X} and uh I know their their mayor, there you know and he's talking {X} {D: finally he gave the talk just like you and I talking now.} And he said to me one day {X} I said you have to tell me plain I don't know. You need a hillbilly to read your mouth just looking at you. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: He said did {B} and showed me how to and I said what'd you do with it? {NW} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And he would tell us about different things they would eat over there. But we didn't know what it was. Look over here and seen it and he said oh you could take a {X} I don't know that. {D: I'm gonna tell you the truth I really} {X} {X} {C: a rooster crows in the background} and I didn't know what he was talking about. {D: He said it} {X} Interviewer: Mm. 505: And I said sure do. {NW} {X} Interviewer: Say what? 505: {X} {C: a rooster crows in the background} Interviewer: Oh. {C: rooster crows in the background} {D: And so he} {X} I said I don't know what you're talking about. {X} {D: But I said you're talking about a turkey.} {D: But he didn't call it a turkey.}{C: a rooster crows in the background} Hmm. {C: rooster crows in the background} 505: {NS} {C: coughing} At least tell me how you make that {D: good soup out of the} {X} Now if you take a lot of cumin {D: you get that hide off.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: Scrape it.} {NS} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Okay say a say a man who {D: trying to eat a piece of meat} but uh his throat was real sore. He said I'd- I'd sure like to eat that but my throat's so sore I just can't? 505: Swallow. {NS} Interviewer: What about you know these uh things that some people smoke? Some people. 505: Cigarette? Interviewer: And the other things are? 505: Cigars? {NS} Interviewer: Well what about uh you might say somebody offers to do you a favor and you might say well I appreciate it but I don't wanna be? 505: I don't wanna be rude. Interviewer: Okay or? Maybe I don't wanna be uh? You know you {D: don't want to feel like you} {C: rooster crowing} have to do him a favor in return? You might say {C: rooster crowing} I don't wanna be a? 505: An an uh I don't know uh I don't wanna be a a. {X} Interviewer: {NW} What about uh let's say uh somebody comes to you about Sunday and asks you to do some work for 'em? You might say well now I got up and worked before sun up and I all I'm going to. {X} 505: Going out of town {NW} Interviewer: Now what about lets say that there was like a um uh just a terrible accident up the road and there {X} wasn't any need to call a doctor because the victim was? 505: Already dead? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Let's say uh let's say you go out in the field and you take a look at the corn and the corn seemed to be just kind of short, you know this year and you kinda puzzled about it because well you might say well at this time of year it? 505: Tend to be larger but the {D: dry season.} Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard a little boy uh talking maybe to another little boy and he'd s- he'll say uh well I'll dare you to go through that graveyard at night but I'll bet? 505: {D: I bet you hang a bit.} Interviewer: {NW} {NW} Well what about uh {NS} let's say if you if you got something to do that was just horrid work and you had to do it yourself and a friend of yours was just standing around without helping you #1 at all # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you might turn to 'em and say what? 505: Look like you would have to do something. That's true. {NW} Interviewer: Well what about, talking about the possibility of you being able to do something, you might say well well I'm not sure that I? 505: I'll try. {NS} Interviewer: Tell me about, what is this bird you know that's supposed to be able to see in the dark? 505: A bird? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: What kind of uh well I know uh he's a bird too that comes to the {D: dark} but I know uh I don't confuse {X} to see in the dark. Uh {D: a bat mostly.} Most other birds can because a bat I know can see in the dark when he flies. Interviewer: Well what about this {D: bird} that sound kind of like? {NW} 505: {D: Alright?} Interviewer: {NW} You hear it at night? 505: {D: Hoot owl.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Oh yes. {D: Now we're} talking about them things. {NW} {X} {X} {D: We was small growing up}, {D: the moment I saw} {X}. #1 {D: But we had a} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: {X} that we had {X} with. And that {D: those are pecan trees} {D: over there.} {X} And mama said {X} {D: screech owl is gonna get you.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: So you'd best stand away from {D: guessing young} sun and out running and the thing'd peck you {D: there.} So we're down there you gotta pick me up and come onto the things like this and go around but that's soon I guess for the younguns. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And when they come back to the senior and that bill are {X} {D: you talking about down when people bit me.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Sir a {X} a screech owl. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Now that hoot owl I'm not scared of that. Interviewer: Well talking about birds, what's that kind of bird that drills holes in the trees? 505: Pecker wood. Interviewer: What about this animal that if you mess with it it'll give off a powerful smell? 505: Skunk. Interviewer: You ever heard those called anything else? 505: No I haven't. Skunk {X} a mink is uh kinda other too. Interviewer: People ever call skunks polecats? 505: Why is a polecat and a skunk the same? Interviewer: I've always thought they were. 505: Well they tell me a polecat a- and a skunk is different. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: That's what they say. Interviewer: The way they both smell bad you know? 505: Well what is this here that cuts down these trees and? {X} Interviewer: Oh that's a beaver. 505: Then uh uh have you ever eaten it? {NW} Well they tell me it's some good meat. Interviewer: Is that right? #1 No I never # 505: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 {D: really.} # 505: #2 {D: whenever} # {D: the boys feel out there they quit answering me.} He killed one and the- and the boy said uh people go hunting and {D: places in here in here in his car.} Interviewer: Hmm. 505: It's a big but really that's some good meat. I have never seen one, you know {D: no more than one.} Interviewer: Yeah. Well I've seen them I I didn't- I didn't know you know they were eat the meat of it. 505: Well the boy the boy he go and ask you and he said he's good. Said he shot it {D: but he got itself pretty good.} Interviewer: Well tell me about what would you call just any sort of animal that that might be liable to get in your hen roost you know and kill your chickens? #1 You would just call # 505: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {D: an ol''?} 505: {D: Or how is as} good an opossum is a really good but. Interviewer: You might #1 say? # 505: #2 {X} # What is them old things skunk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And they could- they catch your chicken and just like {D: that small and she got that} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: and just cut the head off. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people call all those animals together just call 'em varmints or something like that? 505: I would just call them varmints {D: over there.} {NW} Interviewer: What are these little animals with bushy tails that you see {C: rooster crowing} jumping around in the trees you know? 505: A squirrel. Interviewer: Are there different types? 505: Uh-huh. Fox squirrel and gray squirrel and it's a white squirrel. Interviewer: White squirrel 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well have you ever seen anything that look kind of like a squirrel but didn't {C: rooster crowing} climb on trees? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Uh-huh. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Stayed on the ground? 505: Flying squirrel. Interviewer: Flying squirrel? 505: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Well one kind of animal {C: rooster crowing} looks like a squirrel but might burrow in the ground? 505: They tell me I haven't seen them. You're telling me a groundhog kind of {D: is a squirrel didn't you?} Interviewer: Groundhog? {C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: Uh-huh.} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: {NW} {C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: Now I ain't seen no groundhog} {C: background noise} {D: And I} {C: background noise} {D: I guess I have.} {C: background noise} {X} {C:background noise} {NS} {D: And I saw going in and} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {X} {C: background noise} {D: And I saw it and it was} {D: here that told me that} {X} {D: But like he would} he {D: looked kinda like a pig to me.} Interviewer: Mm. 505: {D: That groundhog I saw.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: {D: But I}- I don't know nothing {X} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Afraid not um then. Interviewer: Never heard of a ground squirrel or or something like that? 505: Uh no no I call them flying squirrels. Interviewer: Flying squirrels? 505: Uh-huh they run on the ground all the time. You won't ever see them upside a tree. And them things can get it. That's when I well that's I used to see them when I used to go to a store and when I see my grandmother down here. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: We used to {D: chop them things} {D: said I was going to down this road.} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 {D: Chop.} # {NS} Don't you want some more? {X} Interviewer: I think I'm about ready for some. 505: #1 I'll go get you some. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} What kinds of fish did you fish for? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Something. {NS} {D: I'd throw out no kind of drink but I ought to see you.} {X} Interviewer: Oh no the water's fine I'd rather have water. As a matter of fact I drank too many of those. Uh. 505: It's got a- it got none ice in there. It ain't cold {D: little knockers.} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Some is fine.} # Just one cup. 505: You was asking about fish? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Oh well the type of fish I know buffalo fish catfish {C: rooster crowing} and a cod fish. {C: rooster crowing.} {X} Sucker. And uh {D: sher} pike. And the bass and the trout and. {X} #1 Yes then uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: in a {D: year.} {NS} Interviewer: Do you have black fish up here? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Naw I have never seen that. Interviewer: It's a gosh it's been a long time since I've seen a black fish. It's a ugly old thing. #1 Looks kind of like an eel. # 505: #2 Is it? # Interviewer: #1 # 505: #2 # Interviewer: Really not not not uh. 505: Look is it dark and look kind of is he got a platy is he a cat or what is it? Interviewer: It's not a cat. {C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: Yeah yeah uh let's see you there.} {C: rooster crowing} Now an now you wanna hear something? Catfish are called uh {NS} {NS} {X} I caught one of those they make it. {X} Anything I can kind of {D: beyond some spark that's} {D: darkest parts of it.} I forgets the name of my I may have thinking of the. {X} Interviewer: Oh {D: crappie are.} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} 505: You get uh y-y'all are looking {X} seeing if y'all are looking but they got different {C: rooster noise} dots blotching on your skin. {C: dog barking} Interviewer: Like a channel cat? {C: dog barking} 505: No {D: a channel cat is sitting over here got all his quit.} {C: dog barking} {NS} {D: And fish hairs on it} and it and this appreciates trying to. {C: dog barking} {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: It's gonna do this {C: dog barking} {D: anything that these} {C: dog barking} {X} last time I wished I had kept on {D: that's a wiggly little fish} it's a catfish {D: all right up.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And he and everybody I caught one the other day. {D: But it was real} Interviewer: #1 small. # 505: #2 Speckled cat? # Huh? Interviewer: Speckled cat? 505: No we call them uh. Interviewer: Well that's okay if you remember. {X} 505: Yeah but I think {D: but I ripped him.} Interviewer: Tell me about this thing that uh it's a k- it's kind of- kind of see through it really {D: that uh} has a shell you know and {X} {D: are supposed to grow there?} 505: Mm-hmm you talking about like um {D: muscle} shell. Interviewer: What? 505: {D: Muscle} shell. {D: You don't fish with them. You gonna take them and open them up} and some peoples takes them and take 'em home using {X}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: I mean you can- you can uh {D: go on out} some place like Mississippi or sometime {X} {C: rooster crowing} right here. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Is that the same thing as an oyster? {C: rooster crowing} 505: Now now you ask me a question now I'm gonna ask you. That's what I have never understood. Some people tell me that's the same thing that you call oysters. Interviewer: I think a muscle and an oyster are different but I 505: #1 don't. # Interviewer: #2 But # 505: {X} I'm gonna be frank with ya I really don't know. Because uh never did we find one you can find {X} {D: on the sandbars.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: But they're small {D: you know like they're not} {X} and the fish bites 'em good. Interviewer: Yeah. 505: {D: The fish bait.} But uh, used to {D: bite on top of my.} {X} But I haven't been to river too many times. On the sandbar down here at the time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: But they tell me that's the same thing {D: as oysters}. {D: They got 'em on their knees.} {NS} Interviewer: I just don't know I can't tell you. 505: #1 {X}{C: rooster crowing then dog barking} # Interviewer: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing then dog barking} # 505: {X} {C: dog barking} Interviewer: About the size of your hand? {C: dog barking} {X} {C: dog barking} 505: Yeah. {C: dog barking} {X} {C: dog barking} They {X} {C: dog barking} uh-huh. {NS} When my daddy was sick {C: dog barking} {D: my mama she liked to.} Mother used to fix them for him and take him to {X} and then she would uh {D: put butter on them you know}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And he would eat 'em {D: like that}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And uh sometime {D: you cook them right there and} {X} {X} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {D: But that now you got} {D: me on that oysters I don't} I really don't know. {NS} Interviewer: Well what about this uh these things that you find around a pond? You know they make a croaking kind of sound? They can jump. #1 {D: If they just?} # 505: #2 Oh a bullfrog? # Interviewer: Bullfrog? 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about the kind of might be a? {C: rooster crowing} {X}{C: rooster crowing} 505: A toadfrog? {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: That's a toadfrog? 505: Mm-hmm and {D: there is a} spring frog {D: he can leap further} than a bullfrog can but he's {X} {D: may look a bullfrog but he's small}. Interviewer: {D: About a little?} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well you were talking about turtles a minute ago. What would you call one that lives only on- on dry land? {D: That'd get in the water}. 505: I haven't- I haven't saw one that just live on dry land. Most turtle you see here they come and {X} water. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: And do you know? Interviewer: Have you ever heard of the terrapin? 505: {D: Oh God yes I} {X}. {D: that's a goddamn terrapin.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: Their babies they'll go} they goes in what {X} and things like that. But uh. Interviewer: Have you ever heard a terrapin called by any other name? {NS} 505: No I haven't. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people calling 'em {D: gophers}? 505: No. Call them {D: gophers}? Interviewer: Some people do. 505: {D: Yeah?} Interviewer: I've heard that. In south Alabama. 505: Ya {D: gophers}. Interviewer: {D: Yup}. 505: {D: You learn it} {D: someday}. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about this uh this thing that you find in streams? It's- it looks- it looks a little bit like a a tiny uh lobster or something. It's got claws on it you know and? 505: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Crawfish # 505: {D: shrimp.} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And this is something else that it's a seafood. Uh, oh I don't know kind of a got kind of a fan tail you know? They're small, about that size? {D: You getting uh} oh, you might ask for a few pounds of 'em you know at the fish market? 505: Oh you mean uh, shrimp? Interviewer: Right. 505: {D: Shrimp.} Interviewer: {X}. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I wanna ask you about some different kinds of uh insects. What about uh you know these insects that like to fly around light bulbs? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: Who are those}? 505: {D: The most of 'em would be lightning bugs.} And some of them they uh camouflage. And some of them be. {X} {X} And them things {D: the inside is} a little bit black I mean, if they {D: backed here} {D: to the} #1 {D: place that they feel like you've been} # Interviewer: #2 Yep. # 505: {D: burned.} {D: And- in the moment.} And {D: lightning bugs'll do that too.} Interviewer: What about those things that'll get in your clothes and eat 'em up if you're not careful? 505: Uh mites. Interviewer: Mites? 505: Some folks call 'em. {X} Interviewer: What about moths? 505: Yeah that's- that's- that's the same thing. Interviewer: Same? 505: Some folk call it {D: a lot} mites and some call it moths. But uh I've been {D: advised many} moths smaller just like those {X} moths. {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: And the chifforobe got two chifforobes {X} {D: armoires} some of them and get tired of them some of them might {D: kill them}. {D: I can't} {D: so I keeps moth balls in there then they have to keep them from} the moths from getting in the clothes. Interviewer: Mm. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well what about uh this is an insect that you see around ponds a lot when you're fishing. It's got a real {D: slender} body #1 and transparent? # 505: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: {X} 505: Wings. Interviewer: {D: Alright} it flies around and sometimes it'll light on your pole and you have to shake it off? 505: Snake doctor? Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. {D: And I like to see that. I thought once you was talking about a tadpole}. Interviewer: Mm. 505: Uh what is a tadpole? Interviewer: A tadpole? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That's a- that's a very young uh frog. {X}. 505: And you know? {X} {C: roosters crowing} Interviewer: {NW} {C: roosters crowing} 505: {D: As you did}. I said how you gonna swim in the water? {X} {X} {C: rooster crowing} So it used to be some {X} I say he go {D: home.} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: And I didn't wanna believe that I really didn't I was small you know. I didn't wanna believe. Interviewer: {D: This is where he is}. 505: {X}{C: rooster crowing} I'm gonna tell you the truth I didn't. I said mm-mm. You can't {X}. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} Well tell me about some insects {X}{C: rooster crowing} 505: Well {D: a wasp} {D: lawn bee} and uh uh and yes {D: don't leave that honeybee out now.} Now some people say they wont sting but don't fool yourself. {D: And now you been running around} {X} {D: big old fish stood} right across in front of my house just like my mailbox {X} in front of my house. And it- it had a {D: hole} in it and uh {X} bees coming down that {D: had been had been years} {X} they got some. {X} {X}{C: rooster crowing} And my husband and {D: others got} {X} {D: throwing that thing and} you know kinda. {X} {D: Them things was fast}. {D: Stung} him so he didn't go {D: die.} Interviewer: Mm. 505: {X} {X} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} {D: One got his} {C: rooster crowing} his sister {X} {D: you couldn't understand them.} {D: And I'd knock him out.} And one {D: stung me on my arm} and I think one stung me on the neck too. {D: Them things.} {X} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Some people say you can put {X} stuff on your arm when you {D: going to get} {X} then they're gonna sting you. But I don't know what to do about that but I do know that if I cross. {X} Interviewer: Well what about these insects that make a big paper nest about {D: this size in the trees}? 505: Uh. {X} Interviewer: What's that? Oh yeah. 505: {X}. Interviewer: And what about the ones that'll uh build a nest in the ground {D: and swarm of them}? 505: {D: That was a.} {X} Interviewer: What about these little ones {D: you know that'll occasionally?} {X} 505: {D: Sweat bee}. Interviewer: {D: Sweat bee?} 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You have trouble with mosquitos much around here? 505: Yeah. You know {D: what} for a while. {X} And you can go down on the river {D: and a creature} {X} or a {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: and you {D: I'd imagine} and you {X} you'd better have some. {X} Interviewer: {D: Right.} 505: {D: Cause it's} got a {X} {D: too much though that.} {D: I said that} {X} the river you know is cool Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: and they don't bother you. {X} But you don't know {X} and then that {X} and mosquito. {X} Interviewer: You mentioned a rattle snake and a {D: whippet} the other day. What other kind of snakes do you know about? 505: Uh {D: stinger snake}, {X}, {D: gob} snake, chicken snake, and uh, {D: copper back}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about these things that uh they're insects, they got those long kind of legs you know and they jump around in your yard? 505: Hopper grass? Interviewer: Some of 'em green some of 'em black. 505: You know I saw the largest hopper grass here. {NS} {D: Since} {X} I had never thought I would {X}. {NS} He was bigger than my thumb I had never seen one that large. {D: Real big black one.} And they say they come in here you know {D: they said} once they had {D: but they had to.} {X} The hopper grasses in some place {D: and it was eating their crops.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And {D: they knew} {X} {D: but I have} {D: I seen them here}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: It's {X} they're large they're {X} {D: their ordinary} {D: hopper green}. {D: And that's something.} {X} {NW} Interviewer: What about uh these are little tiny fish that some people use for bait when they go fishing you know? 505: {D: A little perches}? Interviewer: Perches or these look like kind of small shiners you know? 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 Oh- # 505: #2 {D: I}- # {X} {D: and some of them a little old baby} {D: carp and} {X} and things like that. Interviewer: Some people call them minnows or #1 {D: something?} # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. Call 'em minnows. # {D: You don't} {X} now I've been uh- you catch the- {D: I know how to get these.} {X} And just like if you wanna fish {D: up there but} {D: wild catfish} {X}. And-and uh a catfish {D: are more} catching them small perch {X} {X}. I had another perch {D: on you} {D: what belong that}? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I had a little perch {D: and I was fixing everything} and he got on that {X} {D: pulling my}- I said {X}. {D: And it had been sitting out there} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} {D: near about as long as you've been.} {X} And I ain't never {D: gonna} {D: get it back} {X} {X} and when I got through {D: I was sweating}. But he too. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: Say that} {X} and say you really wanna try I said no I said I figure I can pull anything {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I said me. He tore that pole up there. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: rooster crowing} 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} She said if you hadn't got {X} it wouldn't have stopped 'til it got home. She said I. {X} But he told me {X} {D: let it get him} I don't know what {D: it was.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: She said she {X} um uh cat. Now- now you can- you can catch them uh blue cats. {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Why don't you better have you some to hold them things. Them things is really {D: something more.} Interviewer: {NS} Those things can get huge. {C: rooster crowing} 505: Hmm? {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Those things can get really huge. I know some people who fish for them around dams in Alabama. 505: Yeah? Interviewer: Oh and they talk about catching catfish they go up to a hundred pounds a piece, 505: #1 Yeah? # Interviewer: #2 something like that. # Just huge. And it's really funny what the way they catch it. {X} Some of them catch it with these, they're not really poles they're just, they're really a stump of a pole. It's only about that #1 long. # 505: #2 It's a reel. # Interviewer: Well. 505: And- and- and he can reel them in Interviewer: Yeah they have- they have these big heavy duty #1 reels. # 505: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: But what I'm talking about that the pole itself. It'd been about that long. 505: That's how long these {X} be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: #1 They can take that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And this thing is real thick #1 and uh. # 505: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} 505: #1 I- I- I saw # Interviewer: #2 {X}? # 505: some of them. Interviewer: Yeah? 505: They done pulled that thing {D: sometimes those hands} {D: with the part you hold in your hands.} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 The reel, # like you said a {D: reel style}. Interviewer: Yeah. 505: {NS} I seen a man fishing with one {D: down here now}- {D: down here now, real {D: old reel} last year. And then some place back we call. {X} I saw the fish. {X} He can take that {D: bag in} in his hand, do it just like that. {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Uh-huh. {NS} {NW} {D: My son brought me} {D: one.} My brother fixed {D: we eat it all the time} cause I never cook. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: I never did know how to {D: but he'd} {D: pay eighteen dollars sometimes} {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: I can't- I- I was scared of it. He said I'm gonna {D: throw it harder now.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And he show- showed me how to. {X} Interviewer: Mm. 505: He said uh-uh. {X} well you can't {D:you can't show your mother} if you don't know. So you. {X} And so {D: finally he got a little.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well tell me about these things you know sometimes that uh collect in the corners of your ceiling and have to get a broom and sweep 'em out you know? 505: Dirt daubers? Interviewer: Dirt #1 {D: daublers?} # 505: #2 And then # sometimes spider webs #1 {D: can.} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Is that the same thing as uh you see outside you know? Between bushes? {D: Spider webs talking about}? 505: Mm-hmm. Spider web. Interviewer: What about uh have you ever heard of a kind of a tree that you tap the uh syrup out of it? 505: Yeah they tell me you can tap a maple tree {D: to get the sap out of it} but I never saw it. I read about it. But I've never {D: seen it}. Interviewer: Well what would you call uh, a place where you have a lot of maple growing #1 together? # 505: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 505: #2 # Well {D: down near the bottom it's} they growing just as thick as they can be {X} {D: across the maple}. Interviewer: What about some- some different types of trees around here? {D: Names of 'em?} 505: Uh, there's uh {X} three kind of oak, white oak {D: dry grove}, red oak and. {X} And then there's some willow tree sycamore tree, and a pecan tree, hickory tree, and a, {D: gum} tree, ash tree. {D: And I call a maple} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: tree. Interviewer: What kind? 505: {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 505: #2 Tree. # That's a {D: little worn tree} similar to mine over there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And uh {D: apple trees and all like that.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Peach trees. Interviewer: Well tell me have you ever heard of any kind of a bush that uh has, bright red berries on it and and old folks used to use it for tanning leather or something like that? 505: #1 No I don't think I have. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Ever heard anything, {D: called a shoe make or uh} {D: sumac} or anything like that? 505: {D: Shoe make?} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: Now that's a weed.} And you'd {X} {D: called it a shoe make} but I don't. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: {D: I don't even know.} {NS} {D: This has really good } {X} {D: but I don't know.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well what about this- this stuff uh these bushes that'll make your skin break out and itch if you get into it? 505: Poison oak. Interviewer: Poison oak? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as #1 uh? # 505: #2 {D: It's a vine} # {D: like} it grows up on trees {X} {D: anything}. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: And it grows on the ground just like it grows {D: upside of a} tree. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: I didn't keep.} {X} {D: But the roots} {D: it's in the ground}. Interviewer: {X} What about these berries that have kind of a a rough surface, you know? Some of them are red and some of 'em are black? Uh. 505: Blackberries? Interviewer: Blackberries {D: and?} 505: Yeah. {D: Now, well} {D: some of them} uh, is uh {D: wild blackberries}, but the {D: tame black berries} they be red and then they turn black {D: you know?} Interviewer: Are there some berries around here that aren't good to eat, that'll make you sick you know? 505: {D: No no there ain't.} {X} I know of. Interviewer: You don't have {D: any poisonous}? 505: {NS} We just have them. {X} Yeah. I know what you're talking about. Some of them grows {D: in town} the red berries and then it- {D: but it}- you don't eat them. #1 {D: Grow on a vine like that.} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # 505: I saw 'em in a they had plenty in {D: Paris}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: It was either} {X} she said uh-uh {D: no now} you can't eat that. And then we just {X}. {D: Our} neighbors in the- in- in the woods. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about these uh these tall bushes that have clusters of pink and white flowers on 'em? Uh, {D: got blooming} late in the spring you know? 505: {D: What you mean?} {X} Interviewer: Yeah, I don't know if you have any here or not. {D: You got any} {D: laurel}? 505: {X} Interviewer: Y'all have any of that? 505: Yeah {X} {D: we got} {D: where has the} flower like you see. {D: You got a big white flower}. Interviewer: {X}. 505: And then these are. {X} And they grows on my {X} you know around the low place? And they bloom down there {X} what the name {D: would be} what the name of it is I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah. Well what about this tree that you see a- a lot of here in the south it's uh, can grow to be a pretty big tree. Has these shiny green leaves you know and, big white flowers #1 on it. # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # {D: She got one} {X} {X} small one. {X} {D: Hmm}. {D: She always give me more and she got} {D: a small one there in her yard left.} I- I {D: don't want to name them} {X} {X} from me when I was in {X}. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 505: #2 She had # {D: more} {X} {D: tree like that}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: But uh I forget the name of it now but I know what {C: rooster crowing} {X}. Interviewer: {D: Thinking of}, {C: rooster crowing} about magnolias? {C: dog barking} 505: Yeah. {C: dog barking} Interviewer: {X} {C: dog barking} 505: Yeah. {C: dog barking} Uh-uh! Interviewer: What about have you ever heard of any rhododendron? 505: No. {NS} What is that? {C: dog barking} Interviewer: {NS} Uh, it's uh, {D: you can really find it} {C: dog barking} {D: find it up in the mountains,} {C: dog barking, rooster crowing} {D: it uh} {C: dog barking} {NS} kind of got a long {C: dog barking} stem on it {C: dog barking} you know? I really {C: dog barking} I really haven't seen too many of them. I can't #1 uh. # 505: #2 Well # what did what did uh that- what i- what is something that you eat uh {D: just some kind of?} Interviewer: No no no it's just you know a- a flower you #1 plant. # 505: #2 Oh just a # flower. Interviewer: {D: Yeah.} {NS} What about uh, you know uh, a child in a family might have a, a special name you know, that the family gives him, and he- he's just called that within the family. 505: {NW} Interviewer: No where else. 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 What kind of # name is that? You say he's got #1 a? # 505: #2 Nickname # Interviewer: Got a nickname? {NS} And what is this thing that {C: dog barking} that has wheels on it you know, and you can put a baby in it? And uh. 505: Stroller? Interviewer: That's just a stroller? 505: Mm. Interviewer: Maybe say well I think I'll put the baby in the stroller and go? {C: dog barking} 505: {D: Walking}. {C: dog barking} {NS} Go walking. {C: dog barking} {NS} Interviewer: Let's say uh talking about uh maybe a person had three boys. One's twenty years old, another's fifteen, and another's ten. You would talk about 'em you know in terms of being grown up. You'd say that the one that's twenty is the? 505: {NS} He's the oldest. Interviewer: {NS} Okay. {C: dog barking} {NS} Well let's, let's see uh, {C: dog barking} you say that your children consist of your sons and your? 505: {D: How do you say that}? Interviewer: Your children would be {C: dog barking} all of your sons and all of your? {C: dog barking} 505: {D: Girls} {C: dog barking} {D: would be over there.} {C: dog barking} {D: Daughter.} {C: dog barking} Interviewer: Right. What about if a woman is expecting to have a baby? You say she's what? {C: dog barking and rooster crowing} 505: Pregnant. {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Have you ever heard of any other expression- uh things that? {C: dog barking} 505: She is. {X} Interviewer: {D: Been?} {X} 505: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: What kind of {C: dog barking} if you didn't have a doctor around to deliver the baby, {C: dog barking} what's- what do you call the {D: woman that} you might send to help? {C: dog barking} 505: Midwife. Interviewer: Midwife? 505: Mm-hmm. {X} {C: dog barking} what the doctor say {D: that you} {X} cause here they. {X} Interviewer: Is that {D: right?} 505: She doctored {D: on a white income}. And uh, got out of my bed {D: and then they} {X} {D: the one that I like broke}. {NS} {X} people just like I was a {X} {D: they was at the house. No one} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: and they had uh {D: wearing the} {D: sheet down on the floor}, {D: that really had to bring a sheet} {X} {D: and he did have a good father}. She was so sick, {D:I leave her afternoon} and it was so cold {D:you can't help the weather} {C: coughing in background} {D: He lived about two miles from us I guess} {NS} {D: well just assemble the} {X} {D: that's what she told me.} Mid day and {D: thank goodness she said and nobody in the} {D:station} I was sitting here by myself. Interviewer: {NW} {C: dog barking in background} 505: {D: She said my house been} {D: late last night so she could.} {X} {D: She begged me to do that for her but I never left.} Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call a midwife a granny woman? #1 Or something like that? # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Call her granny. Interviewer: {D: Mm-kay.} {NS} What about if a child has lost both its parents its called a? 505: {X} Interviewer: A child that's like that? 505: {D: Adopted?} Interviewer: Well might not necessarily be adopted if if the child has just lost both its parents you say its a? 505: {D: Mothers} {D: or fathers} {D: set.} Interviewer: Is that is that what you call it? 505: That's what I would say. Interviewer: Now is that the same thing as what some people might call an orphan? 505: Now yes {D: no no nah nah nah new} uh-oh. {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: rooster crowing} 505: {D: Now I take it and carry you to} {D: the place with the cohort that} well I had I had uh {NS} {D: I'd done be open to a child if I didn't have no home.} {D: And give it to the open home.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: So that I just think if uh uh you know its just like if I lost my mother and daddy and didn't have nobody I'd be the same. I'd adopt this uh orphan child. Interviewer: And what what about if what would you call the person {NW} who might be appointed to look after {D: or at these?} 505: Adopted parents. Interviewer: Or maybe uh a guardian or #1 something like? # 505: #2 {NW} # No I didn't say that adopted parents they've got the same thing. Interviewer: What about if uh if you had a lot of your your cousins and your nieces and your nephews in the house you'd say that the house is all full of your? 505: People. Interviewer: Some of your people? Anything else you might say? 505: Family. Interviewer: Your family or your? 505: {D: So seats} {X} it would be the same as. {X} Interviewer: Or maybe your your kin? 505: My kin? {NW} Interviewer: What about you might say uh talking about somebody who who looks something like you you might say well? She she looks a little bit like me and she even has the same last name but actually I'm? 505: {X} Interviewer: Well she lets say she she does favor you she might favor you look a little bit like you she might even have the same last name but you say actually I'm no? 505: Kin to her. But it but since you said that {X} I read. {X} {D: And my children everybody say she's my sister} I don't hear the preacher {X} {D: are you related to sister here?} And I say well no more sooner alike. {D: You see you're on the fence sister.} And she calls me says do you {D: you got particulars so I can make this church over here this Sunday?} {D: And she run up on me she says hi sister.} {D: She grab me and then I say hi.} Interviewer: {NW} What about can you give me just a few names of uh first names for women that begin with an m? 505: Oh Mary Martha. Interviewer: Okay what about an n? 505: {D: Nin.} {NS} {X} {D: And a bit forward I got the names coming in.} {D: Nanny Nanny.} And what. And Nell. {NW} Interviewer: {D: Nell?} 505: Yeah I'd forgotten Nell. #1 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: #2 {X} {C: rooster crowing} # Yeah my mother's named that. 505: Your mother named that? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: #1 That's where you got you know that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: {D: And I got a colored name now they hadn't thought about} #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 505: {D: They said it round to 'em.} Interviewer: What about in the bible uh the first of the four gospels you know the others are Mark Luke and John and then you got? It begins with an m? 505: {D: Matthew} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: What about a a woman who who teaches school you'd call her a what? Anything in particular? 505: School teacher. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 A school teacher? # Do you ever hear any old fashion names for a woman school teacher? 505: If I did I don't remember 'em now. Interviewer: Mm-kay you ever heard of school mom? 505: School what? Interviewer: School mom. 505: No I believe not. Interviewer: {X} {C: rooster crowing} {NS} 505: Yeah? {D: I know when you're around just to get rid of you.} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: You know it's different now.} {D: The surgeon that you know that} #1 {D: he was got giving names} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 505: #1 to different things. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 505: {D: And things that you don't hear today I never hear} {D: and things I never heard you you never hear.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: That's the way you're raised about growing up in here. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Cause I was {X} are you alright there you? How your kids? {X} {X} {D: And we used to their lives the same.} What is that? {D: Also it was just a} bang on two sticks against {D: right under there} you got uh. Interviewer: Now what'd you say this was? 505: {D: Sing.} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. That's it we used to sing {X} at night. {NS} I wish we could be I wish I could sing more but {C: rooster crowing} {D: things they'd ask me about} {D: that I didn't know of them things I could tell them that they didn't know.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: So my gross my little} cousin came from Saint Louis when he was eighteen. {NW} {D: I can check his little thing.} {D: His accent'd be up.} At that time you know trouble and things {X} {C: rooster crowing} you know shows and things coming. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {X} You ever rode the ferry here? Yes I know what is that? He said um you just as dumb as you can be {X} {D: you didn't know what a home was.} Interviewer: {NW} 505: So I said that said there's there's there you know in a city I don't know #1 if I'd put it on. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 505: Ladies you don't know the {X} {D: riding with you.} So that's a different end people some people. {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: Whether your dogs are one part one part you're not.} Interviewer: You just get together and learn something. 505: {NW} You sure said it {X} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Well tell me this you ever heard of people call it a say a preacher {C: rooster crowing} who is really not trained to be a preacher he actually does something else? And he he might really not be that good at it uh y- you you heard ever heard people call somebody like this anything in particular? 505: Jack leg #1 would be that. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Jack leg preacher? # 505: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: Thats what I hear 'em called. Interviewer: Can you have a jack leg anything else? 505: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: Maybe a jack leg lawyer or? 505: Well yeah. Interviewer: #1 Doctor or? # 505: #2 {D: I'll go party and.} # {X} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {NW} {NW} {D: Look for real I said that that but uh I didn't mean to} {X} you know what? {D: The doctors and them not near all what they used to be like.} Interviewer: That right? 505: They look look like they needed it more expensive education then uh different now type of machines and things that and to my eye when I come onto old doctors this is old you doctors this is not. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well tell me talking about uh names again can you give me the a name of a girl beginning with s? Uh. 505: Susie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm or there's a woman in the Bible? Wife of Abraham you know? Uh. 505: Sarah? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about if your uh. 505: {D: I don't know I thought of that cause that's my mother-in-law's name.} Interviewer: {NW} Well what about if your if your father had a brother named William that'd be your? 505: Uncle? Interviewer: Your uncle William. 505: Uncle. Interviewer: And if he had a brother named John that'd be your? 505: Uncle John. Interviewer: You remember in the uh what did you call what do you call the war you know that was fought between the north and the south about a hundred so years ago? #1 {X} # 505: #2 Was it the civil war? # Interviewer: #1 # 505: #2 # Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything else? 505: {D: I don't think I did.} {D: Now it's there again.} And unfortunately {D: that thing probably went a.} {X} {NS} {D: From uh} {C: rooster crowing} {X} in that on the {X} {D: the river the whole.} {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah. 505: {D: I've been in it.} Interviewer: {NW} 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Do you do you remember uh hearing about Robert E Lee? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you remember what what rank he was in the army? 505: {D: Was he a} {D: well was he a corporal?} Would be a #1 {D: corporal or something.} # Interviewer: #2 I think he was higher than that. # 505: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # {D: Uh at the end of the war anyway.} 505: {D: Ah now see he was the admiral there maybe.} And then I've read about it but I don't remember {D: ain't no nothing in my mind now.} Interviewer: General? 505: {X} I think I think you're right. Interviewer: Have you ever have you ever seen an old gentleman uh on TV ads he uh advertizes Kentucky fried chicken? 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: He wears his white suit and he's got a uh white mustache. {X} You remember his name? 505: No I don't {D: I'm mad I don't.} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: I remember it.} {X} Interviewer: He's supposed they they call him Colonel Sanders? 505: Yeah. Interviewer: You remember that? 505: Yeah. {NW} {D: I got two to} {D: send me one.} {X} {D: Um} {D: keep getting me.} {X} {D: You know he ain't got no wife beaters left and I said I know baby I say} {D: they're building over there.} How come they're gonna be {X} I mean you go you get graded and you get out the way. {X} Yeah he got them wife beaters he got 'em {X} what she told me. Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: I'm learning.} Interviewer: {NW} Well what about uh what do you call a man who's in charge of the ship he's the? what of the ship he's the? 505: A ship? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Oh he's he's the owner isn't he? Interviewer: The owner or? You know the man who act- who is actually on the ship who's in charge of it who runs it you know? 505: He's the operator of the #1 ship? # Interviewer: #2 Operator # or have you ever would you ever call him the captain of the ship? 505: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Something like that? # 505: Yeah. Interviewer: Well what about the man who uh is in charge of the county court he's the? {NS} 505: Uh he's the {NW} {X} {C: rooster crowing} the clerk? Interviewer: The clerk or the one who actually tries the cases he's the? 505: Lawyer. Interviewer: The law and the lawyer? 505: {D: Is generous?} Interviewer: Right okay. Well what about uh a person who goes to to college to study you call him a? 505: {X} {C: rooster crowing} College student? Interviewer: Okay. Well what about a man you know who who performs on a stage he would be called an actor? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And a woman # would be? 505: Called a star? Interviewer: Star or or maybe a you ever heard not an actor but a? Maybe an actress or an act or something #1 like that? # 505: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: {D: Yeah?} Now what about our nationality we're both what? We're not Germans but we're? 505: What you mean what uh nationality? Interviewer: {D: You know country that?} 505: Uh we uh United States? Interviewer: United States that means that we're? 505: American? Interviewer: Kay. Well what about um how would you refer how would what what would you call the two races you got? The? 505: Colored and the white. Interviewer: Okay. Now some some colored people don't like to be called colored do you have any idea of what else they would like to be called? 505: I don't know why they don't. {X} Interviewer: But you know what I'm talking about though? 505: Some some folks call them black. Interviewer: Yeah. 505: Yeah. And some uh its like uh {D: a white man and a colored man got into a pair} {NW} {D: and what they used to they had a song for that.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: And the boy had been worked there {X} {D: I don't know what happened between them} but that night they were out and they were all drinking and they told him to. {X} {D: And so and I} {D: they had a ton of some kind of a powder.} Joe's says I ain't seen a nigger. He said now did a nigger work for you? And did you pay that nigger? Thats a long time ago. Interviewer: Mm. 505: He said his blood is red and yours is red what difference is it? He said that uh {D: before your first back} you stay a while you'd be dark I said you'd be just as dark as these. {X} {D: See you ought to treat people like you but he never did oh.} But there is some having fun in between and you and that. {X} There it's {X} {D: say I told him but meant and he would just.} {D: But it sometimes they'd throw them off a truck.} Interviewer: Mm. 505: Then then I know if there hadn't been two or three of 'em they would have whooped him. As they're fighting {X} I'm telling you. Interviewer: Mm. 505: He tried it. He got {X} {D: and you would've hit me.} {D: Killing him hitting with his big fist.} Interviewer: Mm. 505: {X} {D: Let's run.} {D: Cause he said} {D: and he} {X} {D: and I said we all got drunk and} getting to it some kinda like moved out that you know. {D: When we get out and give up his own place and get to stand giving thanks for each other} {X} {D: to distract from each other.} And that's that's that's stuff I hope I never I never {D: uh come in and borrow that.} That's I'm sixty-five years old I've never had a {X} my life. {D: White or colored I would work well with white I worked with colored.} {NS} And I ain't never {C: dog howling and barking} I never had I never I never had no falling out with a person that I still {D: in one kind beyond thirty} {D: that there's ten years} {D: I thought you done that go around pruning and pinning things} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: I won't race to you now no like.} And I see people quarreling with people by the way. If me and you {D: are sitting here talking about all I can wait.} {D: Invite me over} I'm uh when I'm gonna gonna {X} {D: you you personally would like to waste nobody.} Your way may be different from mine and mine be different from yours. {D: That's what I was thinking about} {X} If you think I'm wrong try and put me back on the right track they just don't hate me they ain't gonna hate me because I'm. {X} {C: dog barking} {NS} Interviewer: Tell me why was why was the what were the {C: dog barking} what were the {C: dog barking} white man probably call a colored man is he if he was uh {C: dog barking} if he was {C: dog barking} gonna insult him? #1 Make them mad? # 505: #2 Uh # a nigger. Interviewer: And what might a colored man call a white man if he wanted to make him mad? 505: A pecker wood And that's that's nonsense to either. {X} {D: If you play for her I say play.} If you won't {X} {D: just because I'm a nigger.} {NS} I told her now I said now now anybody can be a nigger. Did you ever thought about that? {C: dog barking} {NS} A person who's real nasty {C: dog barking} and don't have no respect and no {D: they have no regard why thats a nigger.} I told 'em I said I'm colored I said but I ain't no nigger. {X} I said any race can be a nigger. {C: dog barking} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {D: The door is how white you is or how black you is now.} {X} {D: You can be a nigger.} {NS} A person being a nigger to my appearance {D: no having no respect you only care for yourself nobody else.} #1 Thats the # Interviewer: #2 What could # if anybody could could be that could anybody be a pecker wood too? {C: dog barking} Or is that usually just associated with {C: dog barking} 505: #1 Yeah. {C: dog barking} # Interviewer: #2 whites {C: dog barking} # 505: Just just just a word that got used on a white just like you'd use on a nigger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: Uh {D: yeah nigger oh.} I tell her anybody can be a nigger though. And a pe- a peckerwood is a peckerwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: That's a bird. And you you why you're not a pecker wood you're white. Now why they gonna call you a pecker wood? Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 505: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 # 505: #2 # Interviewer: #1 Well what about? # 505: #2 But do you know we got a # {X} {D: in here and I think that's a worse thing than niggers.} {D: You maybe introduced him maybe know his name is uh} {D: jury law.} Interviewer: The what? 505: {D: Jury law.} {D: Jury law.} Interviewer: Ah. 505: And he he's supposed to be a {X} in there and that's all he {D: call you.} {X} {D: Rubbernecks.} and I and he might've said well I think that's the worst and nastiest thing and you call a nigger {D: Jace.} And that nigger Interviewer: Yeah. 505: {D: he wrestles nearly every Sunday.} what was {X} and uh {X} {D: sad when you see them a in school year.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: And that's uh he got enough money and now he's probably. {X} Interviewer: Hmm. If I had this house for money. {X} Well have you ever heard the another person call a another person a cracker? 505: No. Interviewer: Never heard of that? 505: {NW} No. What they mean about that? Interviewer: {NS} I'm not sure exactly what they mean but you hear it hear it a lot of the times um he's nothing but an old {X} cracker. 505: Yeah? Interviewer: Kind of old? #1 {X} # 505: #2 Slang word # Interviewer: #1 {D: Something like that.} # 505: #2 I guess. # This is some kind of old slang word I guess. No I never heard of that. {X} {D: I used to help them out but since he} {D: got some} {X} {X} I get sick of that. Interviewer: Yeah. 505: You get up there you red necks be quiet out there you black folks #1 just # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: {D: asked to be quiet.} {X} {D: I think that someday as soon as we graze on the} {X} {NW} {D: but first you get in their type.} {X} Interviewer: Well tell me what have you heard of? You ever heard a person who's from the country called anything by city folks in particular? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Whats that? 505: {X} just like if I go to town and I'm on my way back {D: you're ignorant.} {NS} I can barely {X} {D: and you'd be as ignorant as I.} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 See? # Interviewer: #1 # 505: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 505: #2 {D: That's why we say they say she don't lump.} # Interviewer: Oh. 505: You haven't been here in the morning you don't know. Now now now you've been you {D: thats right speak for you to know.} {D: More about him than you do about your home.} No. {D: So you haven't been here a moment.} {D: Now I can you can take me to your own.} {X} {D: Cause I remember I'd just be going around I would know.} {D: And no doubt you'd been round and go different places down there and then} {D: people places you know down there and you could go} {D: but you had to find your way back.} {D: Because you didn't give old ray shed you wouldn't you wouldn't look however but you'd know like I know.} all these {X} {D: and sometimes you may be on the wrong old side.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: But then they're gonna lie th-they're just gonna say you eating it?} No. {D: You just don't know because you hadn't believed in me and you hadn't been} {D: the business you're just trying to do.} Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a country person called a hoosier? {D: Thinking back.} {D: he's just more hoosier?} 505: {D: I hear 'em called happy maybe.} Interviewer: {NW} Mm-hmm. 505: There's old {X} you know. Interviewer: {NW} Is that right? 505: You {D: he's hurting rubber necks he can make me some soup.} {D: Sometimes if you'd become} {X} I said I'd say he makes me angry I say I don't get mad but {X} angry for being stupid I said that's stupid. Mm-hmm. I said now you've got new something going. Cut the nicks from over there well I said that ain't right. I say he's stupid. Yeah he's we sure did call him that. Interviewer: {D: Well you ever heard anybody say he's just an old podunk?} 505: {D: Over over podunk.} Uh-huh. Interviewer: {D: Podunk?} 505: No. Interviewer: Haven't heard that? 505: No I #1 haven't. # Interviewer: #2 It's # just an expression. 505: Yeah? Interviewer: You hear it somewhere. What about if uh if somebody was waiting on you to get ready so they can go somewhere they might call out to you and say uh you gonna be ready soon? {C: rooster crowing in background.} {NS} You might say well I'll be with you in? 505: Few minutes? Interviewer: Well what about if you were traveling and you think you're on the right road but you're not quite sure you might stop and ask somebody well how? 505: How far is distance to the road or what I'd {C: rooster crowing} what does this road lead you to? {X} And my sister said she's {X} I hardly ever put any more. {X} Interviewer: What about if I'm if you're trying to show me something that's here in the room? Try to point it out to me and I'm just looking around and I can't see it but it's in plain sight you might point to it and say? 505: #1 Where is? # Interviewer: #2 Well just? # Uh-huh. 505: Look in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh or look here? #1 Something like that? {C: rooster crowing} # 505: #2 Yeah maybe that. {C: rooster crowing} # Interviewer: Have you ever {C: rooster crowing} do you ever use that expression when uh when you uh oh scolding somebody like say now look here. 505: {D: Yes what would I do.} {NW} Interviewer: Yeah? 505: {NW} Yeah. Yeah you me I {X} {D: been lots of times I have trouble saying that this lookie here.} I said the very next time you do that you get in church with. {X} Interviewer: Oh? 505: Well well well I like it don't reuse the {X} we don't we know better but we just it's just old custom I say. Interviewer: Well tell what about if uh if you want to know how many times about something you say for example going to town you might ask somebody well {C: rooster crowing} well how? 505: How often is that what you're saying? Interviewer: Yeah. or let's say if uh if you're agreeing with somebody who's telling you about something let's say that this person says well well I don't think I'm gonna vote for Gerald Ford for president and if you agree with 'em you'd say well? {NS} 505: {D: I'd say well I'll vote your way and I'll vote mine.} That's what I'd say. Interviewer: Well let's say if you just happen to uh agree with 'em though and you're gonna do the same thing what might you say? he'd says I'm not gonna vote for him and you'd say well that's right. 505: That's what {D: I'm gonna make it.} Interviewer: I wanna ask you uh a few parts of the body this part right here what would you call that? 505: Forehead. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh this is my? 505: Ear ear. Interviewer: Which one is it? 505: Huh? Interviewer: Which one is it? 505: {D: This one in through here?} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: That's the right ear. Interviewer: And this is the? 505: Left. Interviewer: {D: Yep.} And this right here what about is my? 505: It's your left. Interviewer: Okay. And these are my? 505: Teeth. Interviewer: You got one? 505: {D: Mouth?} Interviewer: You got a mouth full of teeth but if I knock one out uh I got one? 505: {D: You have a dirty mouth.} Interviewer: Okay and just one of 'em you call a? 505: {D: One teeth.} Interviewer: Okay. What about uh this part right here that bobs up and down? 505: {D: Oh that's your goozle there.} Interviewer: Goozle? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 You ever heard that # called anything else? 505: I think that there used to be. {X} {D: They pick up I just said goozle.} {NS} {X} {C: rooster crowing} Interviewer: What's that? 505: {X} some maybe call it. Interviewer: {X} 505: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {D: Know where your goozle is right here.} # Interviewer: #1 # 505: #2 # I know all I know is goozle. Interviewer: You ever heard people call it Adam's apple? 505: No. Interviewer: Haven't heard that? 505: No. {NW} Interviewer: Adam's apple. don't ask me why. #1 {NW} # 505: #2 {NW} # {X} You just beat me cause I #1 {D: sure wasn't anything like.} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: Adam's apple. Interviewer: Adam's apple. {C: rooster crowing} {NS} 505: {D: But I'm gonna try to think of any words ain't nothing what this is.} {NW} Interviewer: One fella told me he called it his go fetch it. 505: Go fetch it? Interviewer: Well that's when you swallow it goes. 505: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You know? # 505: #1 {D: Spit you down} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: #1 into. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # I guess so. {NW} Well what about if I let my hair on my face grow out I'd grow a? 505: A beard. Interviewer: Okay. And what about uh this fleshy part around your teeth that's your? 505: The gums. Interviewer: Okay and this is my? 505: {D: Well that'd be your hand.} Interviewer: Mm and I have two? {NS} 505: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And if I make a? 505: Fist. Interviewer: I got two? 505: Fists. Interviewer: Okay. Some people you know complain when they get older that they're getting a little stiff in their? 505: Joints. Interviewer: Okay. And uh let's see that's not right. 505: {D: I cooked.} Interviewer: Okay. and this part of your leg right here #1 you can call it your? # 505: #2 Calf. # Interviewer: #1 # 505: #2 # {D: Calf or you.} {X} Interviewer: Well right in front you know sometimes you hit it on something it really stings? 505: {X} #1 That's so bad. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 505: Yeah I skinned my {D: I learned froma meadow.} {D: Mean business coming from all my neighbor's house.} {D: And in the school house in the whole.} {X} Um and uh we heard the dogs all barking and up here {D: on that side over here where we're living at.} {D: And here I said I bet that's a meadow meadow.} {D: Something to do.} Interviewer: Hmm. 505: And uh I thought he was joking I don't have time to go to the to the school house still {D: well I couldn't get here no how it's just a big stump.} {D: Cross the road ride from that meadow and jump on that stump there.} Ladies and gentlemen were {D: I I kept on going on that stump I said} full speed and this you know when {D: plopped off the happening boat.} Interviewer: Mm. 505: I had a bare neck for a long time. Interviewer: Yeah. 505: And uh and I got to the house and {D: my shoes just went over there.} Interviewer: {NW} 505: And I'm laying there though see he didn't get out of his way because he didn't already he's seen me but I saw him you know {D: coming around in church because} {D: and the church they become part of the church that altered ours.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: And he said well no here's an old meadow where he went around a tree.} And now let's turn around {X} one old stump. Interviewer: Mm. 505: {D: If he ate coming there} {D: he could've gotten it.} {X} This this is {D: your full full since I lied} {D: came alone in this} {D: you know why he just come on down the road in his} #1 that truck. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 505: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 505: Then we went the house and {D: get out the doors} and locked him up in the {D: smoke yard.} And uh got um Mama said well {X} {D: round the yard bend and my sons dig in.} {D: And we got a door lock him up.} Mama said Bill said I hear that dog at that gate. {D: He jumped up and got a shotgun while she's} {D: going around my} {X} {D: got his shot and he missed it.} {D: But the hall was so} {D: take him in the king of the house he gonna bust in and} he come right back to that hallway. Right back back uh where. {X} And uh we don't know why really he did it he lived {X} not to hit him. Go right back there and then jumped on those same dogs. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: Yep yep. {D: That thing used to be baying and I'd be still trying not to be.} All this time {D: you gotta be getting my way down.} {D: It was all you could do out there.} {D: And now I'm over and I got} {D: I was really scared when there though.} Interviewer: Well yeah you should be. 505: Yeah. {X} They got a they come down if they see that dog after that didn't have money to spend on he did it he. {X} {X} And I couldn't understand just if he were a a small dog {D: he was a man who outrun a bulldog.} He just booked it. #1 And I never # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 505: did understand it but {D: my daddy said if it was sick they would carry it.} Interviewer: Hmm. 505: {D: He said that he couldn't stand that scent he carried.} Now I don't know what it was but I'm here to tell you and an old dog he's {D: old and he weighed about sixty fifty sixty pounds.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: and he was a {X} {D: color.} {D: That's the thing that the old man had uh seen that night.} {X} {D: And he would be a.} {D: Well I said make him baby train} {X} {D: and then check that thing and I'll make you look back.} Every hundred was a horse {D: of her hands you know} {D: horse and dog couldn't get out.} But our yard was fenced in and to the barn running the dog {D: or a horse with a pitchfork.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: He said look out look out {X} {D: me and Bill hold it within that gate.} Interviewer: Hmm. 505: And time he got that {X} {D: and they hit him} he tried coming to get me. {X} {NW} {D: And close the thing it back in I plan and don't tell Mama it's getting out.} Mama's boy. They hear she was hollering {X} but he kept on down close to Richard creek. {D: And we rode down to the house} {D: behind the thicket.} And the {X} {D: he coming on back.} And we all ran right across in front of that church. {D: While we stayed now that called any other church.} {NS} And they shot him shot him down over there but he {D: but he was still tall you know} {D: get along happy and you and he's smooth} and he uh {NW} he went through the {NW} {D: that night he'll come in the yard that night and Mama said} {D: J-B you'd better obey with your Papa.} Name's James {D: she called him J- J-B} see now now and he's out there tearing that dog oh. {NS} And Mama said I really have to {X} {D: I gotta go say I didn't think that the new house would look like} {X} I didn't think there was no meadow. {D: And uh uh she said if a pig was shooting at you in the meadow he was shooting you with a pistol.} {D: And but he would roll up and get his son} {D: so I shot him but he} {X} we don't know why he killed him a {X} {D: neither.} {D: And if he would've put my dogs you wouldn't have even} {D: pop him and} {X} {D: two days after then pop him down long chain.} And put him {D: on we'd put it on.} {X} But he fixed it probably couldn't get to the other dog. And tired of just {X} he done take 'em out and {D: clean up if there's a shit there you know.} {D: I love ya.} {D: He tried and then one day he went mad.} I said Mama Mama she said what {D: she pointed up.} I said come on in {D: this time or so} {D: oh my puppy gonna mate.} He said {D: whatcha do about it?} {D: I said see how he bring it} {X} {D: little guy?} {D: And she turned around and said sure go here} so I said {D: maybe you could break that call} {D: among so you couldn't} {D: move here till I get} do you need a house he said. And he just {D: this ball out here I'm fixing to just} {D: kick him and he get up and his eyes be just dazed.} He said {X} trying #1 I was I was small I was trying and all. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 505: But my {X} {D: I was just his kiddie.} My Pa would've said he can't get you {X} and they got hicks to throw away. {C: dog barking} And knock the panel off the fence. The painted. {D: And slowing down on top of that.} {X} They chain {D: and he drug him on onto that wagon.} {D: To that field and then they wrapped around} {X} {D: but you see you couldn't get in the way.} {D: And they came up in the woods and was shot.} {D: But don't you} {X} bad dog one day at the house and didn't know it. Interviewer: Mm. 505: {D: When it steps and he's up on that} {X} {D: and I thought} {X} dog. {D: Just like you know you got uh a box for your sticks.} You couldn't see me is up under there you know and they grow up on that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And better time {D: on the dog} come out of a contest with me {D: and he come up on them jump on that dog man you talking about} {D: checking them dogs and getting in their house.} I guess so. I guess so. 505: I I I I didn't have time {D: and he would he would roll the portrait in the window.} He had he had it forced {D: and he had it worked until he got off the force} {C: background noise} {D: ain't never been something about like that.} {D: And and and the and the out of the way and barely did come in with me.} {D: And maybe he get out there and bring the ch-chase in front of the dog.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {D: Now unless they want to abandon.} {D: And he could come back to the home where I had my bush.} {D: Shed no he come back to the whole and} Start there in that row {D: I brought him one.} I turn that dark dog loose on that door {D: I didn't know I'd be there.} {NW} I told him so I got him yeah I got him. This and the I said and and yes please {D: something I said I say you don't know how to turn} and I say you always {X} {D: it's a hole again.} Say hold it against your shoulder here I say. {D: We're just gonna keep it and keep it whining here and I said I'll bring it soon.} And he he got in that {X} {D: so they shot him.} {NW} Mm-hmm. 505: {D: You just turn them on.} Interviewer: Yeah? 505: {D: He said you think you're done sometimes and} as scared as I was I don't know how I did. {D: And I don't know.} He scared him. {D: So he taken out the dog's out and killed 'em cause he he done} {D: jumped on.} {X} Interviewer: I don't think I've ever seen anyone. 505: #1 {X} {C: laughter} # Interviewer: #2 {X} {C: laughter} # 505: You ask me about a beer hit a horse. And he was uh a brave man. {X} And this man though come from {D: I don't know why they don't come over you had to turn in the rain to come to my house} there on the main on the main road. This is my puppy here and {D: I did that trick catching it please don't go off the road.} And uh {D: let's do it I had just handed out that and now we'll see.} And here in all the woods {D: hatched and I didn't even have a screen over it.} {D: In it go like a field I didn't get that much sleep.} She's so honest said here come a dog. I said what. {D: No it didn't I don't run that long fence.} She said here come the dogs shut the door. {D: And she did that shut the doors on that} {X} {D: she said why are your dogs out I said I don't know they're so big.} {D: And I hollered at Bill look how they're coming up.} And I hollered at him. And I hollered at him. I ain't {X} {D: really really bad.} {D: And he reeled and went back to the road.} And I hollered at Bill look out. Back on the meadow there and then no he took his horse and loose and turned another horse loose and nobody could get out of the way. And he rode that horse to the house and got that shotgun and he rode out and steal that horse {D: until he hit that meadow.} And then that horse Old Bill shoot was shooting down there and then the scene. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 505: {D: The kind that totally laid I could see him jumping.} And then they're {X} {D: and I said Lord be the dog idea.} They say you're crazy and I say I'll be it again. He said {C: laughing} no Millie I never moved it. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 505: {X} Interviewer: So a young one? 505: {D: Yep.} That's the uh {D: we could look at his} {X} {NS} Interviewer: Well that's not Bill looks somebody else. {C: stomping in background} {NS} 505: This is black. {C: background noise} Interviewer: Oh yeah. {C: background noise} 505: That that's a black one. {D: That's Bill, hi.} {D: Are you getting rid of the scooter now?} {NS} {NS} He seems to be unenjoyable. Interviewer: Well what about that now have you ever heard those called a shin? You know you hit your shins #1 or something like that? # 505: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: What about that if you have to if you have to get down like this you know you this part right here you'd say you're squatting on your? What would you call that anything? 505: That's a roll just like you bend in half? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 505: Squatting down on your thigh. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Ever heard people call that the haunches? 505: Yeah. Interviewer: Something like #1 that? # 505: #2 Some of 'em # call them the haunches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} What about a a person who's been sick for a while but he's up and about now? But you might stay say he still looks a little bit? 505: {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of people say he looks a little peaked? 505: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Something # like that? What about uh oh you know a person who has a smile on his face and just never loses his temper you'd say he's mighty? Interviewer: Okay let's see. I was asking you the first two who is always smiling you know and and never loses his temper? would you say that he's mighty what? 505: I'd say he's um {NS} Well you know what I'd say He has a pleasant attitude. Interviewer: Or something like he's mighty good natured or something like that? well what about you know when a boy is growing up maybe a teenager? He seems that he gets uh to a stage where he's just just stumbling over everything you know running into things, falling over, tripping over his own feet, you'd say he's mighty 505: I'd say he's mighty crazy for one thing {NW} I'd say that {X} I said what's wrong with you I said you Did you lose it {X} Interviewer: Okay okay {X} 505: {X} {D: you want some icing}? Interviewer: No that's fine 505: {NW} I don't know uh Jim gets the cherry one {X} {X} {NW} {NW} {X} {D: you've been working on it a minute} {X} {D: and I see if I} I says okay sometime {X} Until it's the {D: you were right} {X} he ain't gonna be gone before you get there {X} {NW} {D: Do you remember what you said} He said I don't know if I'm being slow but I'm playing ball. She said yes that's where I started playing ball {X} About wanting to go She was just cheating you know. That he was going to be playing basketball And he's gotten good at Uh {D: and I} {X} {D: And he's}- after that I lost my husband he had to be out {X} {D: sitting in because I'm out} {D: every student long time in a class} {D: a kid admitted the whole school} {X} That boy was only thirteen years old but they knew it wouldn't take him {X} {X} And you- you- you just- you tell me what now {D: mom is going to be sick with worry} {D: and she'd be kind of glad} {X} And I ain't his real mother {X} He didn't come for a long time {X}. Interviewer: Well what about a- a person like that we were talking about would you say maybe he's he's mighty awkward or clumsy or- 505: I said he's clumsy. Interviewer: Clumsy? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: okay what about a person who has as lot of money but never spends any of it just hangs onto it you say he's just 505: Stingy. Interviewer: Ever heard a person like that called anything else besides stingy? 505: No I guess not Some people say even if you got things like that usually say what I just said You're just stingy. Interviewer: Ever heard them called a tight wad or something like that? 505: Yes some folks saying he tight and all like that. Interviewer: Yes they do When you- did have you ever use the- the word common about a person. You just say he's a common person what do you mean by that? 505: Well What I would think about it {D: Doesn't think every time} {X} Common I get why you would be Just seem to be the same thing. And some people you can meet today The one you meet today you meet a lot and the other one you just {X} {D: check that person} Because {X} Sometimes you Just like you come here today you were here yesterday You came here today and I act like I don't know you you don't think about me I was I wouldn't know anything about you. So that is common in the person And then to me just uh J- just got a whole attitude to her- towards Themselves and everybody else. That's what I would say. Interviewer: Common folk? 505: Huh? Interviewer: Co- common person? 505: I mean a person I mean you know just what I mean just didn't Every day I got there you got different ways you know Interviewer: Yeah 505: Some days you act like you don't know me Well that ain't a common person {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: And that's the only other person every time you see them trying to Treat you like you want to be treated. Interviewer: I see. what about if you knew a an older woman say about eighty-five or so but she still uh got around and did her own work and own cooking and that sort of thing? you'd say that she still Getting kinda old she was she was still mighty 505: Active And that's just what {X} {D: into the house} and just like a {X} Know what kind of breathing material and everything up until it was {X} And she couldn't see through it neither {D: but she sure kept it out so}. {X} {X} You never heard that? {D: And that's the best even with a big star student} You know {X} and all them people {D: say I'm fixing to call you} They ain't went through {D: the doctor said} {X} And then uh I wanted to tell you once you get old {X} {D: the big star is still getting credit} She helped raise up two of these kids {D: Until she died in a year} You couldn't hold her {X} Interviewer: Hmm 505: Every day After that she and her husband are seventy that's all she gets {X} {D: and lonely break-ups} Mother was old and she used to {D: see out the window} And then now you get {X} So many of those wonderful questions Said everybody {X} I said well I said guess it's a good life lived. {X} what you gonna do when you get to heaven? He said what did you say I'm telling you if you're gone now {X} {NW} {D: and so he said} You won't be able to tell nobody you was a lawyer {X}. {NW} {X} He He came in one day and I {D: I was hitting a} Do some working in his house She had done She had gotten ready to go {X} And uh she called me {X} It's going to be a working day She wasn't able to do all that So I waltzed in there and I sit down {D: and I did work in there} The woman said she wouldn't sit down She wants to be able to see what you're doing. And then You get in and you sit up You're telling me you cook at any time for him He can call my name {X} He said {D: what her name Mary} He said out her name {X} {D: remember} I said yes Miss Mary asked me {X} He said Mary you want to cook another for me and I said no I said as soon as I put this down I'm going to try to get home I said this- this I'm tired He said well wherever you did you're being {X} I'm going to tell you I said yes So I didn't think about any {X} I meant to but I just Working and working long on the farm you have plenty {X} {D: See what} {X} He said no said I know she didn't because she's been working on {X} {X} If she just got the chance but I know she didn't {D: so that got a big advantage to you} That's the one thing for those I don't want to chance it Uh {D: she helps} {X} I said {D: the color white} {D: it's going to be that good} {X} He said uh I wouldn't be a {X} {D: divide} Person actually do something you can't do just try to do you best So yeah I said only thing I ask you if you could do your best That's a lot of people out there {X} He said don't do that {X} I said let me give you a {X} I said {X} but I have to He said {D: thanks} He said I'm trying though before you ask me about a time {NW} Soon as he got that he told the {D: niece that uh} Got a smaller {X} I was about I- I was about nineteen then So you better trust me He said well that should be {X} {NW} You can just get you was different You know you just can't hold it {X} {D: come on and miss} {D: you found out} {X} I ain't paying her for the time just paying her for the {X} {D: you see me do all them things} {D: cheat me} I said {X} He says sounds like just like a {D: nigger} {NW} And something then I went bac- when she was home again {D: considering the household} He asked me to cook him a pie I said I {X} No cook it again cook it on {X} I said your stove cooks too fast. So I don't know how to adjust it just Down there they haven't ever cooked on it that's just I use my stove And then I said whenever you come back I said I don't know just {X} He said well Mary knows {X} And then she I know {X} But she don't like them And she made the pie So I cooked the pie like I was folding this dough because since she {X} {D: He'd come to pick her up he says I'm never going to get you} He said now check this {X} and I said no {X}. You'd notice and you had worked long and every day and bake a lot and baked you some pies I said well the {X} You said tell me {X} I said no I'm not. I said I got a husband I've got to go home. He he's a nice man since My husband died He told me how {X} But I won't do this Share with you his system now He said {X} That you've been mad I said you did it then {D: so how come you're saying} The contract you bought back on the {D: good so you can get it} I said well {D: she made me aware} {X} {D: I'm going to look and start taking that order} He said what did I tell you I said well then I said you're never getting nobody anymore I got my {X} certain for this and I know {X} {D: that's something to say} Interviewer: Tell me what are what would you call a person say somebody who left a lot of money lying around in an open view and he left the door unlocked you'd say he's mighty what 505: He's mighty careless. Interviewer: If I say what if you have an aunt named Lizzy and there really wasn't anything wrong with Aunt Lizzy she just acted uh oh I don't know just a little {X} every now and then, you might say about her well there's nothing really wrong with her she just always acts kind of 505: Dumb {NW} Interviewer: Would you ever- would you ever use the word queer? Like Aunt- aunt Lizzy acts kind of queer? 505: Well yeah We use it. Interviewer: {X} Well what about a man who uh who's made up his mind about something whether it's right or wrong and there's nothing in the world that would make him change his mind you'd say he's mighty 505: I mean I think he's stubborn. {X} because uh You see something wrong and you just move on {D: during the time you're just on} {X} Interviewer: Mighty stubborn? 505: Mm-hmm stubborn like Stubborn man there is about the same I think. Interviewer: You ever heard a person called mule-headed or- 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Something like that? 505: mm-hmm Interviewer: Well what about a person that you just can't joke with him without him losing his temper? You say he's mighty 505: Touchy? {X}. Interviewer: Well what about uh let's say somebody's about to lose his temper and you don't want him to you might tell him well now just keep 505: Just keep cool. cool. Interviewer: Or keep calm or something like that? Well what about if you've been working all day pretty hard you say you're very 505: Very tired? Interviewer: Or if you're very very tired you say you're all 505: Beat out. Interviewer: Beat out okay. Well what about uh if uh you might say that somebody came home from school early uh or well because he 505: {D: cut school}? Interviewer: Okay well let's just say he wasn't feeling well. 505: Ya. or uh or maybe- maybe uh say you ha- say somebody's at the hospital you might say Yeah Interviewer: You might say well he was looking fine yesterday what was it he 505: {X} And now nobody checks to see if it's still good. Interviewer: Or you might say uh let's say you're- you're going somewhere and you're taking it easy you know you're not in a hurry you say oh we'll- we'll get there 505: We'll get there in plenty of time. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say oh we'll get there by and by. 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} Well what about if a person got overheated and chilled at the same time you know and nose started running and his eyes were watering you say he caught a 505: Cold? A cold? Interviewer: and if it affected his voice you know? 505: His Tonsils Interviewer: Uh-huh So he talked he- he might say I'm a little bit 505: Hoarse Interviewer: {NS} Or if I do {NW} that I've got a little 505: Thing in your throat Interviewer: And I had to {NW} 505: Cough it up Interviewer: Okay what about if somebody has trouble hearing you say they're stone 505: Stone deaf/ Interviewer: Okay and some people get these places on their skin you know they're oh I don't know they're red places and they- they kind of hurt and you have to mash them like that sometimes and white stuff will come out? 505: Yeah they call that a ring worm. Interviewer: Is that right? is that the same thing as what some people call a boil? 505: No {X} {NS} He had uh They they you you bursted them up alright {X} {X} But a boil {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: Alright Interviewer: {X} 505: But uh A bunion is jus- just on here bumps sometimes you see it {X} And what- what we said I remember that boil Them things have you so some time you can't hardly walk {X} Interviewer: Yeah {X} What about 505: Rising as well either way Some call them boil some call them some of them rising and say Have you ever saw Person with a {X}? Interviewer: What? 505: {X} Interviewer: I'm not sure what you're saying 505: {D: a bone fellow} That's a thing that you the doctor said come from bruising your finger some kind of way And it comes from that bone and they had to split this Thing and get that collided and scoop this bone. Interviewer: Hmm. 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Thats pretty painful 505: No no no want to get that out of my house Out of the house {X} And I just {D: have been fixing things} And I know I know what I did {D: she was hurt} {X} {D: but the doctor he knew} {X} Bone bone scraped that scraped that bone. Interviewer: Well what do you call that white stuff that comes out when you mash one of those boils that's the 505: That's called {X} Interviewer: What about you know if somebody got accidentally shot or stabbed in the leg and you have to take him to the doctor so the doctor can treat the 505: Wound Interviewer: And what about if it if it didn't heal cleanly you know you'd have this kind of uh 505: Stitch it up Interviewer: Uh-huh and this this uh kind of white substance would form around it if it got infected? 505: Yeah Interviewer: #1 What kind of what would you call that # 505: #2 That's # Infection Interviewer: Infection or have you ever heard people call that proud flesh know what that is? 505: You can just take the You can take the tweezers and just And then pick this stuff under it just like Almost like butter some just to Push the middle decayed back Interviewer: Yeah 505: mm-hmm Interviewer: well what about if you if you got a little cut on your finger if you wanted to keep it from getting infected you o- you might go to your medicine cabinet and put some just a liquid on it you know? what do you call that stuff? 505: Mm-hmm Iodine. {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah 505: And then you use a band-aid and put on Interviewer: Okay and some people when they got malaria would take this stuff that's kind of a bitter white powder you know? 505: {X} Talking about like quinine Interviewer: Uh-huh what about uh say a person who died you might say about him well he's been dead now a week and nobody's yet figured out what he 505: {X} Interviewer: Okay and the place where you- where uh where people are buried you call that the 505: Cemetery. Interviewer: And the box that they're placed in that's the 505: Coffin. Interviewer: And the ceremony for the person that's the 505: Funeral. Interviewer: And the people who are dressed in black you say that they are in 505: Mourning Interviewer: What- what- what would you say uh if somebody meets you on the street and and asks uh uh how you're doing? what might you say to them? 505: I'm doing fine. how are you? Interviewer: Just on an average day you'd say something like that? well what about this is a disease that uh you don't hear about very much but children used to die from it because they'd get sores you know on the inside of their throat and they couldn't s- couldn't breathe 505: Diphtheria? Interviewer: Ya. 505: You know I heard but uh I never seen {X} Interviewer: I g- I guess 505: Do you know they say that's going around now? Interviewer: No 505: That's {X} Every time the children would get that Uh little children which you know {X} Just come to school They get all their shots and {X} Sure did. It's some {NS} You know Well you're going to talk of a I guess you've seen it on the TV but I They have each of the school children {NS} Uh {X} School With teachers and all You haven't seen that since you've been here? Interviewer: I don't think so 505: I can't think of the name of the place but it's uh {X} But then the point is to capture it in there some of them taking sick meds Then a lot of people just come in and And uh Avalanche that thing and take them away. Interviewer: Hmm 505: But uh they had uh Got them down {X} because it- some of them was sick and the name {D: fell out}. Interviewer: Hmm 505: And I guess they had some nurses sitting there they kind of assume {X} Notice them or something And they didn't {X} And they got to train {D: account of somewhere somewhere to} But people was on it {X} Interviewer: If you're talking about diseases have you ever heard of a disease that will make your skin turn yellow? 505: Yellow- yellow jaundice? Interviewer: And what about if you- somebody gets a real bad pain around right about here? you might just be having an attack of 505: Appendicitis I had it I can tell you about that. Interviewer: Okay 505: That's my operation appendicitis {X} Interviewer: Hmm. 505: I wasn't even married when I started having pains The doctor now said he can't And I wasn't those {X} {D: down with it you know}? I usually Called the doctor using an ice capsule and give you some medicine now get up. And {X} In July. I had to leave my door in {X} To go the hospital {X} And they operated on me the same day I got there. And I'm feeling good with this {X} {D: I know very many} I think they think I settled there too long And used {X} Kind of stuff you {X} {X} You get changed She was in {NS} The hallway {D: She got done that} {NW} He had a glass door he would look in it Just like you look in there and you're looking at an operating table And that's the way he saw me This is going to be {D: my answer} Right there That appendix is going to go And they had to take it out and cut it out. Interviewer: Is that right? 505: {X} {D: they may something in something like that} It's a bad little thing. Peace of mind the thought. {X} And the same day they take it out initially you go in there real sick and before you I don't know how she got in there {X} My family brought her by {X} But uh just getting ready to getting up and go ahead and bust And I saw {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: It is {NS} Embarrassing stuff Interviewer: So what about uh if a person ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up you say you had to do what/ 505: Had to take something for digestion. Interviewer: Or if it when it comes up you say he had to 505: Throw it up? Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody say anything other than he had to throw up or he had to uh 505: Well sometime if you got that indigestion {X} You can just spit it up Interviewer: Spit it up alright vomit or 505: Mm-hmm Yeah Interviewer: Same thing? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: okay, you say somebody who was like that you say he's sick where he's sick 505: In his stomach. Interviewer: Say a- a young boy like you were talking about a few minutes ago goes to see one particular girl pretty regularly 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You say he's doing what? He's 505: You mean just like if he's got the one girl Uh Well I guess he's in love with her. Interviewer: Getting serious 505: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 about her? # 505: Serious about her he's in love with her. Interviewer: You ever heard people say anything else that would describe that uh you know one boy going with one particular girl who decides uh you know being in love with her or in love with her? 505: {X} {NS} Sometimes people some say {X} They're getting attached to each other or something like that. Interviewer: Or maybe he's courting her or something like that? and he would be her what? 505: Her friend Interviewer: Girlfriend boyfriend. What if he came home one night uh his little- his little brother saw that he had some lipstick on his collar he might say aha 505: {NW} Interviewer: Say you've been 505: You've been kissing that girl right there. Interviewer: Well what if what if he asked her uh to marry him and she doesn't want to you'd say that she did what to him 505: {D: she disappointed} Interviewer: Or maybe she uh what else might you say? she uh 505: Deceived Interviewer: Well she might not necessarily deceive him she just might not be ready yet 505: Well yeah {X} Interviewer: Well that's true but you know it would be deceiving him I guess 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You might say she turned him down or something like that? A- and when he- what do you call the man who stands up with the groom he's the 505: Bride? Interviewer: The man then 505: No the woman Interviewer: Okay who's the man who stands- 505: The groom. Interviewer: Okay usually there's a man who will stand up next to the groom 505: {X} Interviewer: What? 505: {X} {X} {D: something for that} Interviewer: Alright 505: Um I know what it is the word {X} Interviewer: It's sometimes called the best man or 505: Yeah the best man {X} But he's called the best man Interviewer: What about the other girl who stands up with the bride? she's the what? 505: {D: groom} No she's the {X} Interviewer: Okay or sometimes called the uh bridesmaid or 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: matron of honor or something like that? have you ever heard of uh after a couple gets married uh a group of people might follow them back to the house and just start making all kinds of racket and celebrating and just carrying on like that? ever heard of anything like that? 505: Mm-hmm Throwing rice {X} They had thrown that rice {X} They're just throwing rice Because they're just celebrating I guess. Interviewer: Well what about let's say if uh some people are having a party and they start making too much noise and they start getting rowdy and rambunctious and the police come over and police don't arrest just one of them they arrest the 505: Whole bunch. Interviewer: And sometimes when you have a party the couples might get out on the floor you know and move around you say they had a 505: Dance Interviewer: What about if uh th- the children get out of school at at three o'clock you say that at three o'clock school 505: Gets out. Interviewer: And then towards the end of vacation time you might ask well when does school 505: Start. {NS} Interviewer: Or let's say uh a- a little boy leaves home and is supposed to go to school but he never shows up at school on purpose. you say he did what? 505: {NW} Little boy {X} {X} Yeah he he he get out {D: you got a man} But I was talking about send him. That's where she {X} Interviewer: Yeah 505: I know {X} I said {X} She said oh man I got tutored And that child is playing hooky from school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 505: And what she did {D: she went to school} But you come back She's not going to be able to go to the house to get keys to the place {X} I'm working {X} Always sending me somewhere plain I said she got no business getting on no bus {X} I said it's time to go to school. {X} I said well {X} so I got on the school on the phone call all the school mates They told her what she wanted {X} {X} {D: taught us in elementary since} {X} {D: and then I don't know} {X} Because she needed it {X} {D: she wants to} and she's going to get out {X} {NW} I told her I would talk to her {D: just might be suspended} {X} Why is it that you got on the bus You're going to school And when {X} telling people {X} {X} That's so why didn't you ask me before you went home? You were just thinking I don't know {X} I said {X} You don't want your mind just {D: and keep that mind there} {X} I don't know. I never told her {D: she got the beating I got} I've gotten {X} I gave her a good whipping {X} {D: I'm going to go by to talk to her} I said if this happens again I said that won't be the last whipping. I said now I'm I'm You honestly you just You're just my nephew's child and I said you're staying here and I'm clothing you and feeding you and sending you to school {X} I said I don't want ever this happen no more. I said it's too much to handle {X} Long end and just side I mean go to your age in both {X} And let's say she did I didn't know why she would she just wouldn't And uh She told me and said Told me {X} {X} I said {X} After I tell her not to pay face into things like that {X} {X} I said yeah well now some people will I said well {X} I said yeah they have faith. And God knows {X} {X} Interviewer: {NW} Oh 505: But she {X} And she's sitting there looking like another 7 year old. Interviewer: Yeah 505: {D: I just hope that next evening} {X} You didn't get what happened to me As somebody coming to kill me but I'm looking for you I said what had happened? I don't know. And I got through the way she took me along by this because she's not she really knew Interviewer: Yeah {X} Talking about school after high school some people go on to 505: High school. Interviewer: After they get through with high school some go onto 505: college Interviewer: Oh ya okay an-and these things that uh well if you were if you wanted to check out a book uh in town where would you go to get the book? You'd go to a 505: Book Interviewer: Uh-huh 505: You- you can- you can you can go to the bookstore. Interviewer: Uh-huh or if you didn't want to buy one you just wanted to check it out you know 505: Um you can go to the {X} You can go the bookstore, Drug store. {NS} You find different books over there. Interviewer: What about just going to the library? 505: Yeah they got libraries {X} Interviewer: Well what about if if you have to stay overnight in the town you might stay at the 505: Hotel? Interviewer: If you wanted to see a play or a movie you would go to the 505: To the movies. Interviewer: Or the some people call it the 505: The drive-in theater. Interviewer: And if you were uh if you were sick and had to go to the hospital the woman who takes care of you in the hospital she's called the 505: Nurse. Interviewer: And if you wanted to catch a train in town you'd go down to the 505: Depot. Interviewer: Um or the- some people call it the 505: Station. Don't you go down there {X} {NW} {X} Interviewer: Well what about if you wanted to catch a bus where would you go? 505: I'd go down to the station there on the highway people go on. Interviewer: S- you know sometimes uh I think Covington is this way have a place right in the center of the town you know around the courthouse? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You call that the 505: Courthouse square? Interviewer: Square okay. what about if uh let me see uh If you have uh {NW} two streets that crossed each other like this you know? one going this way and one going that way? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: and if you were standing on this corner right here and you wanted to get over here with a thing going from here to here to here and you get to a {X}? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: what would you say- how would you say you crossed the street? 505: It seems to {X} And then you go down You go straight A line like it's there for walking. Interviewer: Uh-huh 505: And you go get in between the two lines and go right on across. Interviewer: Mm-hmm have you ever heard of people who what- you- sometimes you have a traffic light there 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And it tells you when to cross? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And sometimes some people cross against the law? #1 And you're not supposed to # 505: #2 {X} # will walk when it tell you not to Interviewer: Yeah 505: We don't have a safety light in {X} You know just like if uh You get in that line If a car coming {X} They will let you get by because you It's not like there's space for two more sides {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm have you ever heard the expression catty-corner? 505: Catty-corner? Uh-huh Mm-hmm Interviewer: what does that mean? 505: It's not a {X} place. Kind of lopsided. Interviewer: Kind of at an angle? 505: Mm-hmm. I don't know if you've ever seen any of these or not but in some big cities {NW} Instead of having buses they have these vehicles that ran on rails and there'd be a wire overhead you know? Those are called street cars. Interviewer: Street cars ? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {NW} What about if you were riding on a bus you might tell the bus driver well the next corner is where I want 505: I want to get off. Interviewer: And uh you say that that the police in a town are supposed to maintain what 505: Traffic. Interviewer: Traffic or maybe uh say he's supposed to maintain -tain the law and 505: Yeah Interviewer: Supposed to maintain the uh uh supposed to enforce the 505: The law. Interviewer: Okay I-I wanna ask you a few questions about some some states uh you might not know {NW} you might know it you might not um {NW} would you know what state uh the biggest city in the country's in? 505: Well- well I think it's in in in the south. I don't know {X} And the biggest city is uh Is it California? Interviewer: Mm well I was I think California would probably have more people than anything else I was thinking about New York City you know? 505: Yes That's what {X} I haven't been there but my cousin lived there they tell me that's some some town. Interviewer: Yeah 505: Yeah Interviewer: Do you know have you ever heard of Baltimore? 505: Yeah Interviewer: Do you know what state it's in? 505: Baltimore Maryland. Interviewer: And what about uh well have you ever heard of Richmond? 505: Richmond Virginia? Interviewer: What about uh Raleigh? 505: Raleigh I don't think I remember that {X} I don't think I remember maybe it wasn't {X}. Interviewer: North Carolina? have you ever been there? 505: No Interviewer: Haven't been to either North or South Carolina? 505: Nope Interviewer: Okay what about uh have you heard of what New Orleans would be in what state is New Orleans you know that? 505: Um Uh yes New Orleans Nebraska? Interviewer: No Omaha is in Nebraska 505: No yeah yeah that's what I mean Omaha is in Nebraska and uh New Orleans is in New Orleans I don't know It's New Orleans isn't it? New Orleans. {X} I said that New Orleans Interviewer: It's a southern state 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Louisiana? 505: Something like that {X} Hometown and then Texas that's about as far as I go from now Interviewer: Okay you know where um Louisville is? you heard of Louisville? 505: Louisville Kentucky? I have a friend there Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about uh Little Rock? 505: Little Rock Arkansas Interviewer: Okay and Jackson 505: Jacksonville, Mississippi Interviewer: Okay what about uh Dallas? 505: Texas. Interviewer: Okay and uh you knew where Tulsa is? 505: Tulsa Oklahoma Interviewer: Boston is in 505: Boston uh Texas? Interviewer: No 505: oh no not no uh Boston uh Interviewer: It's up on the east coast 505: Boston is in Massachusetts Interviewer: Let's see talking about the capital of Alabama you know Mo- Montgomery 505: Montgom- Montgomery is in Alabama Interviewer: Do you know what a big sea port in Alabama is? 505: No Interviewer: {X} 505: {X} Interviewer: Okay you know where the gulf is down there on the coast of Alabama and northwest Florida do you know which gulf that is? 505: No I Interviewer: Have you heard that called anything? 505: {X} Interviewer: The gulf of Mexico? 505: Oh I know that you I told you this story yes {NW} Yeah but sometimes {X} Interviewer: Yeah what about uh some of the bigger cities here in Tennessee? like uh the big one you know that's right across the state line of Alabama? 505: Uh Memphis is uh about the {X} Interviewer: Okay 505: And uh Interviewer: Somewhere in the east uh uh Chattanooga? you've ever been there before? 505: No I've never been to that place Interviewer: What about Knoxville? 505: I have not ever been there Interviewer: Okay let's see let me ask you just a few uh foreign countries if you were in Paris 505: Paris Tennessee? Interviewer: Well there is a Paris Tennessee 505: You know I've been but the other Paris I haven't ever been there I've been to Paris Texas Interviewer: Ever hear of Paris France? 505: Yeah Interviewer: France 505: {X} Interviewer: Is that right? {X}? 505: Ya uh he took a vacation by there I don't know why he didn't go. {X} Interviewer: Where 505: {X} {X} sometimes he talks about it pretty good and sometimes he don't. Interviewer: Oh yeah 505: He was taking a vacation why he was over there {X} You take a vacation {X} Cause of the places you know he went Interviewer: Mm-hmm 505: But uh I can't call them all now. Interviewer: Okay what about when you go to church you go to hear the preacher preach a what? 505: I go to hear the gospel {X} We may and receive can go there and you hear the hear the word of God preach you know. Interviewer: What do you call it when the preacher preaches he preaches his 505: His text? Interviewer: Text yeah I was just think- {NS} thinking that there might be something else that it's called. uh you ever call it a sermon? 505: Yes Interviewer: Sermon something like that 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And usually along with the cere- with the ceremony you'll have the preaching and the choir will 505: Sing Interviewer: And they have real pretty you know pianos playing and everything 505: Oh yeah Interviewer: Music 505: Music with the piano Interviewer: Well what about if you were looking at a at a sunset that was really attractive you'd say that sunset's just 505: Beautiful. Interviewer: What is supposed to be uh the enemy or the opposite of God that's the? 505: The enemy. Interviewer: The very opposite of God is supposed to be what? 505: The devil? Interviewer: Have you ever heard the devil called anything else? 505: Satan? Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people say s- uh talking about something called the boogeyman? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Now what is that supposed to be? 505: Ya that's supposed to be the devil. Interviewer: Is that supposed to be the devil? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about uh a house that people think uh they won't go in it you know because maybe somebody died there it's supposed to be real 505: Yeah we call it {X} Interviewer: A what? 505: We call it a {D: gloomy} Interviewer: Really? 505: Uh-huh {X} Interviewer: What ghost? 505: Yeah Well now I've just {X} neither in the way because I {X} My mother and daddy {X} Uh we don't know I ain't ever seen nothing but I'll tell you one thing I did see. I ain't never been able to make it out And I wonder about it sometimes {X} School I was going home at the end And uh moving forward this cross {X} {D: mystery thirteen} {X} That thing was about big {X} Somewhere about ten eleven years old The building was had been made and {X} And I still was out {X} {X} Put him inside {X} {D: sitting here drawing his cap} I got a guy's cap and put it in the inside and I was in there as soon as I put it out {X} And Paul said wake up here He he he thought that there was probably {X} {X} Paul thought it was a dog And it was a {X} going in behind us {X} And we a {X} {D: bridging} {X} Because no one had {X} {D: and to withdraw the bridge} Lay- lay across the bridge that's in front of us Well we hit the bridge {X} His name was James but we called him Jim instead So we got back on the hunt And just by the time {X} You know this is a deep detail {X} Interviewer: Hmm 505: That thing I wouldn't tell you the story that thing was {X} About that long just stretched out And then it looked like it had nine feet on the ground {X} Man I got so scared I thought {NW} I got down into {X} {NS} And when {X} Nobody's trying to catch {X} And we was going to run about {X} When he got one of the things {X} She wasn't supposed to hold Hold on here {X} But he couldn't hold that hose {X} Just trying to shoot a {X} When we got home {X} Interviewer: Hmm 505: And he snapped {X} fits on there {X} But when we got home She just ran with it and {X} I had to run in the house even there Wanted to see more {X} And that's the only thing I ever seen that's {X} And I don't know about here Interviewer: {X} 505: Now what- no no no we don't know what it was But basically {X} And that voice {X} We're having to {X} And went around {X} That's what was {X} And probably didn't say a word until we got to that house {X} {X} {X} {NW} Interviewer: Well tell me uh if you {NW} if you saw a friend of yours {NS} That you hadn't seen in a long time? what what what would you say to him you know just in the way of greeting him 505: Well I'm glad to see you Interviewer: What about oh let's say if uh you woke up one morning in the winter and it wasn't just a little cold it was 505: {X} {NW} {X} Had to be the coldest one I've had since I've been here We had some a little less but {D: miss snow} Interviewer: Does it get real cold? 505: Why don't you tell me cold {X} We have the cold {X} That's the coldest winter since {X} I've been there since 1917 But I know it was cold Now I've seen some cold days but that sure was a cold year How was it in your hometown? Interviewer: It- it got pretty cold it was not really that bad doesn't get too bad down 505: In Omaha Nebraska? You must be near {X} Interviewer: We're southeast 505: In the southeast? Uh in Omaha Nebraska though All those things you would need what his sons {X} You got to transfer up from Omaha {X} And he's going to stay with his family {X} He come in wearing one morning hey I said how are you doing I said pretty good how are y'all {X} {X} I said what? {X} {X} I said well it isn't {X} But it's dreary cold And then I asked the stuff that's in the ground trees and things {X} When it's really cold here {X} Oo since I've been married I've been just as cold since I've been married I know I've been {X} Mm-hmm Interviewer: Well now tell me when uh when a friend says good morning to you what might you ask him you know in return? you said good morning you'd say 505: And how are you feeling? Interviewer: Would you say the same thing to a stranger somebody you didn't know? he's 505: Say good morning I say good morning Interviewer: Well what about if uh if somebody's leaving after a visit? you might tell them well why don't you come 505: Why don't you come back again? I enjoyed it {X} Interviewer: Well what about if uh somebody has done a favor for you, you might say well I'm much 505: I was uh I'm much obliged I appreciate what you do for me. Interviewer: What about if uh if you're not sure whether you'll have time to do something or not you might say well I 505: I have to fit it all Interviewer: {X} And let's say you might have to go downtown you have to get something or you say if I just stay there a while and do some 505: Work Interviewer: Or you go around different stores you say you're 505: Going out shopping. Interviewer: If you find something in a store the storekeeper might take some paper and 505: Wrap it up Interviewer: And when you get home you'll have to take it and 505: {X} Interviewer: Okay w-what would you say a if a store is selling things at uh less than what they paid for you'd say they're selling them at a 505: I'd say they must be {X} {NS} Interviewer: They'd be selling at a loss 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Oh let's say if you see a a real pretty coat that you like let's say well I sure would like to buy that but it just 505: Too high Interviewer: What do you say when it's time to pay the bill you say the bill is 505: Due Interviewer: And if you go out to a club some clubs require that you pay 505: The dues Interviewer: And if you wanted to buy a car and you didn't have enough money? you might go see your banker and see about see if you could 505: Borrow? Interviewer: You probably heard the expression that that that good workers are getting mighty 505: {X} {NW} {X} Interviewer: Mighty thin or mighty scarce or what not? have you ever seen uh some boys around the creek or water or something like that uh go jump off a board and you say that they're 505: springing board Interviewer: and what do you what do you call them doing they go in the water like that? 505: Diving. Interviewer: Diving and when do they you ever see one dive in and just land flat on his stomach just throw up water everywhere/ 505: Yes I have {X} In the swimming pool. Interviewer: What do you is there anything that you call that when they do that? 505: I don't know what they call that though Interviewer: You ever heard it called a belly buster or 505: {NS} But they would get off that board {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah 505: Do you know I see 'em down here {X} I don't want to {X} You know I see them kids getting on that {X} Down {X} Interviewer: Do a pretty good job 505: Yeah Couldn't be like you know talking out there on that ground there {NS} {X} {X} Interviewer: What about you s- probably seen children playing out in the yard and they might uh one boy might tuck his head you know down between his legs and push out his feet and go over like that? you'd say he did a what? 505: Did a flip {X} Interviewer: Is there anything else you've heard that called? 505: I guess not no Interviewer: Have you- have you ever heard of people say the term somersault? 505: Yeah Somersault {NS} I heard them say somerset call them somerset {X} Interviewer: Some- Have you ever heard of a when you if a person goes down to the store to pay off his bill or something like that the storekeeper might give him a little present or a little gift? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: and you call that a what? 505: Souvenir. Interviewer: A what? 505: Souvenir. Interviewer: Oh yeah okay what would you- what do you say a baby does before it's able to walk? It just 505: Crawl Interviewer: And let's say if a boy saw something that he wanted it was up a tree, he'd have to do what to get it? 505: Climb Interviewer: Well what about if a- if a little boy was trying to scare you you know, he'd get behind the couch and he'd have to do what so you wouldn't see him? 505: He would squat down {X} Trying to scare me. Interviewer: And then when he'd- and then he'd jump up real quick and he'd probably say something 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What would he probably say 505: Boo! Interviewer: Have you ever heard uh {D: any of them heard} somebody say peep-eye? 505: Uh-huh Interviewer: What does that mean? When when do you say that? 505: You know when children get behind you and {X} peep eye. They play like that sometimes {X} And then get behind {X} Interviewer: Well what about sometimes when uh right before a a child goes to bed he might say his prayers and before he gets into bed he was- 505: Kneeling down Interviewer: Or if let's say if you're feeling tired you might say well I think I'll go to bed and 505: Say my prayers Interviewer: Sometimes when you're sleeping you uh you know you see things in your sleep you say you're having a 505: Dream Interviewer: {NS} 505: And another thing {X} You know sometimes when you dream things and uh you didn't know what it is And it won't be long {X} Interviewer: Yeah that is kind of funny. 505: Yeah I I I I that that happens {X} {X} I may not know what it is But I said that's {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah 505: mm-hmm Interviewer: talking about sleeping and you might say well I was dreaming about something but all of a sudden I 505: Fell asleep Interviewer: Or what if you were dreaming you're probably already asleep 505: Oh you mean if I was dreaming which means Interviewer: Yeah 505: Oh yeah I was dreaming about something and I just wake up and it's It's gone Interviewer: What about if a if a boy m-met a girl at a party or something and he wanted to see her home he might ask well may I 505: May I escort you home? Interviewer: Or let's say if if you've got your car stuck out in the mud there in the road you might ask somebody to take a rope and 505: Move it out Interviewer: What about if if you had a bunch of children around the house and they got in the kitchen while you were cooking something? and you had something on the stove you might say now that stove is hot so 505: {X} Interviewer: Or in other words don't you 505: get close to it? Interviewer: Or don't touch it? what about in in some children's games what do you call maybe you might be playing chase or tag or something like that? You know the place that they could run to where they'd be safe? is there anything you'd call that? 505: What you mean if you're playing something like uh tic tac toe? Interviewer: No just a game you usually play it outdoors in the yard and uh tag or something like that. And you if you run to a certain place you're safe and he can't get you? 505: Uh-huh They call something like a base Interviewer: A base? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {NW} Well what about let's say if uh two people go meet each other in town one might say to other well if I get there first I'll 505: I've been waiting first Interviewer: Or what about if uh if let's say your husband had a had a man who worked for him who was just not doing his job your husband might say well I think I'm just going to have to get 505: Gone with him. Get rid of him. Interviewer: And then the man might come back after you got rid of him and he might ask oh then well oh why don't you give me 505: Another chance. Interviewer: And what about a man who has a smile on his face and just a pleasant word you know for everybody you'd say that well he seems to be in a mighty good 505: Mighty good mood Interviewer: Mighty good mood? you ever know a person who who really didn't know what was going on but he he's sort of uh 505: Suspicious? Interviewer: Well he's really a person who doesn't know much he just gives you tries to give you the impression you know that he does 505: Yeah Interviewer: What do you what do you say or what do you call a person like that he he just 505: Pretending that he don't know. Interviewer: What about if a boy left his desk pen out on his desk and when he got back it was gone? you might say well I'll bet somebody 505: Stole my pen Interviewer: What about if you want to get in touch with somebody you might go to telephone you might sit down and do what? 505: Write him a letter. Interviewer: And after you get through writing the letter you take the envelope and you 505: Mail it Interviewer: Did what? 505: Address it Interviewer: Okay and you might say well I'd like to write him but I don't know his 505: Number Or his address Interviewer: Or what about uh these little these things that a child likes to play with? you'd say that child sure has a lot of 505: Toys Interviewer: You ever heard toys called anything else 505: {X} {D: some word for it] {X} things like that Interviewer: You ever heard them called play pretties 505: Yeah {X} Interviewer: Okay Um what about these things that uh people grow them in pots you know they're real pretty pick 'em and put them in your house you know in vases. you might 505: Flowers {NS} Interviewer: What about if you let's say you gave your husband a watch and he just unwrapped it he was looking at it and he just kept looking at it you might say well why don't you go ahead and 505: {X} {NS} Interviewer: What about talking about maybe riding horses you might say uh well I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever 505: Since Interviewer: {NS} 505: I got thrown more than once {X} Interviewer: {NW} Just the opposite 505: {X} Interviewer: What about you might say well that wasn't an accident he did that 505: On purpose Interviewer: What about uh I might take a knife and fool around with it and accidentally 505: Cut yourself Interviewer: Is there anything that you might say besides 505: {X} Interviewer: Okay Or let's say a teacher might come into the room and got all these funny pictures on the blackboard she might turn around to the class and say well now who 505: Was drawing pictures Interviewer: Or what about if you if your husband had a real heavy weight that he had to lift up he might get himself a a block and a tackle and call himself doing what to get that up 505: He'd be a giant he'd would be uh elevating it up On the back block {X} {X} Mm-hmm {X} Interviewer: Is that right? 505: Someone {X} {X} Somebody who Don't worry about nobody else Interviewer: Force was up there 505: Yeah Yeah he does not {X} Interviewer: If you saw somebody in the daytime say about 10 o'clock what would you say to them just to greet them 505: How do you do Interviewer: Or what's the latest in the day you can say good morning 505: {D: Mid summer day} {X} Twelve o'clock that's the last time of the morning Interviewer: And the time of the day after morning is the 505: Good evening Interviewer: Good evening are evening and afternoon the same thing when you're leaving somebody what do you say to them 505: Why I'd be doing a goodbye Interviewer: Do you ever say good day 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about uh when you're leaving somebody at night you say 505: Good night? Interviewer: Maybe on the farm if you get up to work before daylight you say that you started work before 505: {X} Before the day. Interviewer: Before day or before 505: Dawn Interviewer: Maybe before sun up 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Something like that? 505: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: what about if you might be a little late to start work one morning uh because when you started work the sun had already 505: It had already {X}? Interviewer: And if you worked until the sun went out of sight you say that you worked until 505: Sun down Interviewer: Sun down? okay what about if somebody came to see you on a Sunday last Sunday you say that he came 505: {X} Sunday? Interviewer: If it is the week before 505: Sunday {X} Interviewer: And if there's somebody willing to come and see you on a Sunday after this one he's come to see you when 505: Sunday week Interviewer: Sunday week? Okay well what about if somebody came to see you and stayed for about the first of the month through the fifteenth you say he stayed about 505: {X} Interviewer: The people have you ever heard the expression he stayed about a fortnight? 505: Hmm? Interviewer: A fortnight? 505: Fort night? Interviewer: Fortnight {NS} Haven't heard that? 505: No {X} Interviewer: Okay Let's say today is today is Thursday 505: You said stayed a fortnight Interviewer: Fortnight fortnight 505: You mean just like he stayed four nights Interviewer: Uh-uh F O R T N I G H T fortnight 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Some people use that to mean about two weeks 505: Uh-huh {X} Some people haven't heard of Interviewer: Oh. What about well let's say uh today's Thursday and so Friday will be 505: {X} {X} Interviewer: Well if Thursday is today Wednesday was 505: Sunday {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay but not talking about days just like alright if you've got today that's Thursday Wednesday was 505: The day before yesterday Interviewer: Okay and so Friday will be or talking about Saturday that's the day after 505: {X} Interviewer: Saturday night or the day after tomorrow 505: Mm-hmm ya tomorrow {NS} Interviewer: What if you- if wanted to know the time of day you'd just ask somebody 505: What time is it? Interviewer: And he'd say well just let me look at my 505: Watch Interviewer: What would you call the time if it was midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say it was 505: Half past seven Interviewer: What about if it was fifteen minutes later than half past ten? 505: {X} Eleven ? Interviewer: Okay what i- what if you've been uh doing something for a long time you might say well I've been doing that for quite now and let's say in 1976 was uh if 1976 was last year {X}- Interviewer: Okay what about if uh something happened uh about this time last year you'd say that it happened 505: last year Interviewer: Or a year 505: year before {X} Interviewer: Okay {NS} now if you go outside and look up at the sky you might say well I don't think I like the looks of those dark 505: Clouds Interviewer: Or if you look up at the sky and there aren't clouds around you might say well I think it's going to be a 505: A pretty day Interviewer: But if it's not a pretty day and the sun is not shining you might say well 505: {X} Interviewer: But what about if the clouds are getting bigger and thicker and darker and you think you might be going to have some rains you say the weather is going to be what 505: {X} Interviewer: But what about if it's been cloudy and the clouds start to go away you know and the sun starts shining through 505: Well it's a little of the sun won't come back out Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about if you get a heavy rain in just a short time say about an inch of rain in just an hour you'd say you have a regular 505: We'd have a very {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of people say anything besides flood or 505: Gully washer Interviewer: Gully washer? 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Maybe downpours 505: Yeah downpours we've got a gully washer that don't seem like it'd be {X} As hard as I ever seen in my life And one day the storm is there and there's a big spot {X} {NS} {X} {NS} And the sun was shining I ain't never seen that before. {NS} Interviewer: Sun shining when it was raining 505: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You know what I've heard have you ever heard that called anything? 505: Devil beating his wife Yes He sure beats #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 505: Because he it's going to rain now {X} People got that back to the house and we've got it wait for him to get to the house Interviewer: Yeah 505: {D: whenever} {D: And nobody would come up just the fact is} Shower and then all that pours It's raining above my head {NS} Interviewer: What about uh if you have a lot of light that went along with the wind and the rain you say you have a what 505: Uh Have a a a a lightning storm Interviewer: Is that the same thing as thunderstorm? or what about uh oh if it's raining but it's not raining very hard just a few drops you know? {X} 505: {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: {D: Tell me when I get by around sitting here} {X} {D: they know where to cook} {X} on that side even far side {X} {D: they're in the morning} Sometimes you've missed them {X} Don't feed them enough {X} Interviewer: What about if you went out on the porch and one morning you couldn't even see across the road because the low hanging clouds you know say you've got a lot of what outside? 505: Fog? Interviewer: What kind of day would that be? 505: foggy day Interviewer: Okay and what if it hasn't rained for a long time you have a 505: Drought {NS} Interviewer: What about if the wind is being very very soft you know in general but it's gradually getting stronger you'd say the wind is doing what? 505: {X} Interviewer: or if it's the other way around if they wind is really strong it's gradually getting more general and so the wind is doing what? 505: No I don't know Interviewer: Well it it let's say if it's been real hard 505: Oh you said been been the {X} Interviewer: Well what about if you went outdoors in the morning and it was you know it was cold but you know not disagreeably cold you'd say it's time to 505: Wear a coat. Interviewer: Or if you go outside and there's a kind of white white coating on the ground you know? 505: Mm-hmm I suppose. Interviewer: There's some worse than others 505: Snow Interviewer: They have a severe cause too 505: Oh yeah we have {X} Last uh {NS} {D: it snowed up} {D: turns out it was out in that over that} {X} The snow {X} Interviewer: You might say in cold weather that uh 505: Or you mean it must be warm. Interviewer: It is s-stays pretty warm sometimes we have some pretty cold winters so. 505: Yeah but we have a {X} against it Then that's {X} {X} But I've been going now {D: going} {X} {X} somewhere about thirteen or fourteen. We have some of them that look like indigo we have trees in our yards grows and Spit out just like Just like {X} Interviewer: {X} 505: Yeah cedar trees go down in the ground {X} Not only {X} right here. And so I wouldn't I wouldn't think and then uh it's uh It been cold in there since 1917 That's {X} I've been keeping and I know Very well that it was {X} Peach trees and things just {X} {X} So would I {X} Interviewer: Have you ever you might say during the winter that uh it was so cold last night the lake 505: Froze over Interviewer: Or you might say if it gets much colder tonight the pond might 505: Freeze Have you ever {X}? Interviewer: I don't think I've ever seen a an entire pond that was frozen over at one time 505: Well you can you go to a lake Which is kind of like you know in {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 505: And then the lake freeze and you can catch a whole fish will come in you can catch {D: between} {X} {D: was the first to do that and I didn't freeze} Interviewer: Is that right? 505: {X} like winter And used to go over there quite a bit Didn't catch {X} If you go the water won't be so deep And when they cut that up Whole that you catch and they already cut it {X} I didn't even know I {X} Sometimes you have to do {X} {D: just eat that thing} Interviewer: {NS} 505: {X} {NS} Interviewer: If you don't mind would you count for me from one to twenty slowly? 505: One Two Three Four Five Six Seven {NS} Eight {NS} Nine {NS} Ten {NS} Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen {NS} Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty Interviewer: Okay the number after twenty-six is? 505: Twenty-seven Interviewer: And after twenty-nine? 505: Thirty Interviewer: And after thirty-nine is? 505: Forty Interviewer: And after sixty-nine? 505: Seventy Interviewer: And after ninety-nine? 505: One hundred Interviewer: And after nine hundred ninety-nine? 505: What did you say? Interviewer: Nine hundred ninety-nine? 505: Nine hundred ninety-nine Thousand Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand you've got one 505: Million {NS} Interviewer: The day of the month that the bills are due is usually the 505: First Interviewer: And after the first you've got the 505: New bill Interviewer: Okay First of the month then the next day will be the 505: It will be the Interviewer: What would you call it you called it the first and {X} It would be the 505: Second Interviewer: Okay then the 505: Third Interviewer: Then the 505: Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Interviewer: Okay you've probably heard of the expression that sometimes you feel that your good luck comes just a little bit at a time but it seems like your bad luck comes 505: All at once. Interviewer: Is that true? 505: It happens to me {NW} That's true Interviewer: What about if a man got uh twenty bushels to the acre last year but this year he got forty bushels so he would say that this year's plot crop was 505: Double Interviewer: Or is good in terms of being as good as the last one it was 505: Last one Interviewer: Okay the first month of the year is? 505: January Interviewer: And that's followed by? 505: February March April May June July August September October November December Interviewer: Okay today is 505: June {D: seventh} Interviewer: And the day is 505: Thursday {X} Interviewer: Tomorrow is 505: Friday Interviewer: Then there's 505: Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard people call Sunday by any other name? 505: Yeah They call it um What do they call Sunday? Sabbath Day. Interviewer: Sabbath day? alright at this point I'm running out of questions {NW} 505: Well I just about am run out of talking {NW} Interviewer: {X} {NW} 505: Well now gee I enjoyed Interviewer: Well thank you 505: {X} Somewhere I ain't ever did this before in my life. Interviewer: Is that wrong? 505: Now I know {NS} Interviewer: Well I'm sorry I took up so much of your time today 505: {NW} I ain't I won't do nothing else here Because I've been sitting in the back Interviewer: Uh-huh 505: I don't do nothing nowhere I've been kind of Excited about it I don't do nothing nowhere but sit around Feed the chicken and the hogs and {X} Interviewer: Yeah 505: So I enjoyed this {X} Interviewer: Well thank you. 505: {X} {NS} Interviewer: Sure are 505: {X} {NS} Interviewer: I guess that's true. 505: Yeah I know it's true. Interviewer: Just going to think about that. 505: Yeah your mother and father {X} {NS} If you don't get another chance though just remember {NS} 533: {X} uh just by {NS} you know {X} {NS} Interviewer: Alright {C: light thudding} {X} 533: Houston {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Okay and the county 533: Chickasaw {NS} Interviewer: and state? 533: Mississippi Interviewer: Alright what's your address Rick {B: should be beeped} {B} {NS} okay let's go through that business again about where you born. What was the deal? Was it a community 533: #1 down in the country or # Interviewer: #2 Well var- # 533: Vardaman is the name of the {NW} the town {NS} uh where the hospital was that I was born in. Vardaman is about ten miles eh west of here {NW} and it's in Calhoun county. {NW} um Vardaman is a town probably six hundred people five hundred something like that. {NW} Basically an agricultural economy down there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: beeping} Is that V-A-R-D-E? 533: V-A-R-D-A-M-A-N {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Now is that? You said that was right across the county line. 533: Well it's uh. I guess uh four miles you know across the county line {NW} At the time uh. {NS} I was born in nineteen fifty two. {NW} And my parents uh lived in fact in Chickasaw county then. But uh. {NW} From where they lived it was about as close to go to Vardaman as it was to go to Houston. and um {NS} so uh I guess they had a little bit more faith in the in the medical facilities down there and a you know a particular doctor. {NW} and uh {NS} That's- that's where all three of us were born. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: My two brothers and I. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} gotcha {NS} Okay and how old are you now. 533: Uh twenty-five. Will be twenty-six this year. Which ever way you wanna do it. Interviewer: Alrighty {NS} And are you a member of any church in town? 533: A baptist church {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NS} well. Getting back to to Vardaman. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When- when did you move into Chickasaw county? 533: Well I said I lived in Chickasaw county uh. Til about age four. And then we lived in uh the Vardaman area. Not really in Vardaman but in Calhoun county. Near Vardaman. {NW} uh from somewhere between the time I was somewhere between four and five 'til I was about seven. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 533: somewhere along in there. Interviewer: Then after that? 533: And then after that back to Chickasaw. I've been here all you know ever since. Interviewer: mm gotcha okay 533: mm Interviewer: Tell me something about your sc- well your occupation. Have you always done this type of work? 533: {NW} Well when I was a b- Four days after I was twelve years old I- Interviewer: started working as a car hop you know back in the American graffiti 533: #1 days and this kinda thing. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 533: {NW} and uh worked there. {NS} Graduated from car hop to cook and uh {NS} I guess you would say more less uh {NS} kinda like an assistant manager type thing you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And uh I was about sixteen then starting at junior year in high school. {NS} And we had a vocational program uh. DECA. Distributive Education Clubs of America. I don't know you may be familiar with that. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And it was it was new. Uh. Nobody else around here had heard of it. At least you know in this area. This immediate area {NW} {NS} And you know how it was back then. The whole world was you know right there were you lived. {NS} So we knew nothing about it. There was thirteen of us started out in that. and uh. For the first {NW} {NS} like six or eight weeks of the program we didn't have any uh {NS} material yet from the state department of education, so the teacher who was real innovative and just a super woman {NW} uh kept us busy on things like what do you wanna be when you grow up? {NS} {NW} and uh so we all had our you know our little thing and you know Houston Mississippi a guy growing up wanting to be a radio announcer. And there was a girl in the class wanting to be a fashion designer. {NW} So uh by golly she just put us to work on finding out what it #1 took to be one of those you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: And uh. Basically what it amounted to and like I said for the first six weeks was uh {NW} investigative uh {NS} studies I guess you would say. {NS} and uh then she'd make us once or twice we'd get in front of the class and and give a speech on that particular thing. And I'd go to the library and {NW} Dig out a book uh The elements of radio you know and stand up and talk about A-M means so and so #1 and F-M means so and so {C: clanging} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 533: #1 and impress everybody including myself. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: {NS} And uh so she called me in one day. Which wasn't unusual for me to get called over the intercom and saying {NS} something like uh you know Rick time for you to go to so and so's room. {NW} Well anyway I went down there. you know figured I was in some kinda trouble. And uh she asked me. she said are you really serious about this radio stuff? And I said yes ma'am. {NS} Sure am. {NW} uh {NS} So she told me {NS} uh {NS} These guys out here put an F-M on. They put the F-M on like September of sixty-eight. This was um {NW} The last week in September or first week in October {NW} sixty-eight when she and I were having this conversation {NW} And they had told her that you know to keep her eyes open because they had a lot of faith in her like I said she was super sharp and the superintendent's wife on top of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: {NS} {NW} Keep her eyes open for some guy who you know. had enough energy to do the job {NW} uh A certain amount of intelligence but not too smart. And uh. {NW} You know a medium to halfway decent voice that. {NW} You know the kinda guy that she would recommend. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: {NW} So anyway. She asked me a bunch of questions about uh. Do you plan to stay around here? Would you like to stay around here {NW} uh {NS} Few things about gold and this kinda stuff. {NW} and uh. So she said well why don't you go out there and talk to the men at the radio station because I think they they would like to maybe {NS} you know {NW} Interviewer: Have you around there an hour or two a week or something like that. So that's where it started. It was believe the fourth of October in 533: #1 sixty-eight. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: {NW} And I was a green horn {NW} And uh. I been here ever since. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: I hadn't missed many days. {NS} Including vacations Sundays holidays you know in the radio it's kinda like {NS} I guess it's kinda like a lot of other uh jobs where you're public service related Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Uh. People may be on vacation or they may be going to grandma's house. But they expect you to be there so. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 {NW} # Well I been here ever since like I said uh. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 533: #2 Soon be- # Soon to be ten years Interviewer: Mm-hmm sure. 533: {NW} And uh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 533: #2 So I guess you could say I've always done this # Interviewer: What would you call yourself? Uh far as your duties out here. 533: Well uh. {NS} Announcer dash salesman {NS I- probably be the proper designation. {NS} I do the typical desk jockey work too but I don't make my {NW} I don't make the big side of my #1 salary off the desk jockey # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 533: part you know what I mean? Interviewer: Right. {C: mic sound} Tell me about your schooling. Did you go to schools in this area? 533: {NW} Uh I went my first two years uh {NS} in {NS} You know elementary education in Vardaman. {NS Uh and it was kinda difficult there the first year because the um. {NS} In the- Back in the days the kinda heat they had then in the the high school building burned. {NW} Uh. The summer before. I mean the- the winter before I started school. {NS} And so my first grade year was in the uh {NS} First Baptist Church in Vardaman Mississippi. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: No desk you know we just had those little chairs like you have in Sunday school when you're a little squirt you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: And your writing tablet on your knee and this kinda thing. {NW} And then second grade we got back over into the regular {NS} elementary building. {NW} And during that year we moved to um moved to the Houston area where my parents live now. {NS} and um {NW} But they uh would take us down there. They were both working in Houston. {NW} They would take us down there to school every morning you know. To keep from switching us right at the latter part of the year. #1 you know we moved up # Interviewer: #2 Sure # 533: here like in February or March and. {NW} And school was out then in April. {NS} So you know they just took us on back down there and then I started my third grade year at Houston. {NW} And I laugh at some of the kids now you know their their mommies have to go with 'em when they're going into junior high you know. And I said golly. {NW} Uh my folks asked me said well do you need anything I said no. {NS} So we hopped on the school bus and uh never been on that bus in our lives {NW} rode to um rode to the school that we'd never been to in our lives. Went and signed up registered and went to class you know. {NW} #1 So uh you know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 Things change you know. # Interviewer: #2 Sure # 533: Things change a lot. Interviewer: What grades are covered in elementary schools around here? 533: Well you know elementary basically uh goes to sixth grade. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And then uh your junior high seventh eighth. # 533: {NW} And uh your high school nine through twelve Interviewer: I see. 533: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Was this Houston Elementary School where you continued? 533: Right. Mm-hmm. {NS} Around here most of 'em are {NS} Named after the town you know Interviewer: #1 Right # 533: #2 except for a few # W-P Daniel but New Albany and things like this. cuz we didn't have any famous people #1 born around here. Mostly just little babies # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: you know. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you had a separate junior high school here? 533: {NW} Uh do now. but at the time it was just a separate division of- of you now the main building there was like a two hundred foot hall or corridor separating 'em but yeah it was Houston Junior High School you know. Interviewer: #1 And after that where did you-? # 533: #2 And of course Houston High School # #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # {NS} And you said that was- what ninth through twelfth here? 533: Ah right. Mm-hmm. Yeah I graduated from high school in seventy. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you consider your- What do- What do you consider yourself a native of now? 533: Uh Chickasaw county. Interviewer: Chickasaw 533: Yeah right Chickasaw county native. I mean like I said I was. born in the Vardaman hospital but Interviewer: Right. 533: Well actually I consider myself a native of {NS} of you know this area so to speak {NS} Uh around here I guess you would say because {NW} I feel at home in Vardaman. I go down there and do specialty programs um {NS} M-C things speak to banquets and {NW} and uh you now I feel at home down there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: and uh I feel at home around here uh just about all the towns around #1 because # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: {NS} I guess exposure and uh {NS} uh I'm pretty much a plain regular guy you know #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 533: so I just {NS} {NW} I just kinda make myself at home anywhere {NS} So really when somebody asks me where I'm a native of I say well the the Houston area Interviewer: Right 533: Because uh Everybody around here at least understands that {NW} {NS} Vardaman is in the Houston trade area and you know Houlka there in Houston trade area and this kind a thing Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 So I'm # Chickasaw county I guess. Interviewer: How many years all together did you actually live in Calhoun County would you say? 533: {NW} Uh. about- about three #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: {X} It was somewhere between uh The time I was four {NW} and- and we left there uh {NS} Before I was eight #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: uh seven seven and a half. Something like that so. Three and a half years I guess something like that. Interviewer: alright 533: #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 533: #1 Did you have any schooling past high school Rick? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: I went to a Junior College {NW} At Wood Junior College it's uh actually a Methodist supported school and they always wonder how a good baptist like me got down there {NW} But mostly it was convenience uh {NW} uh it's located thirty miles down the road. I was working here at the time I did not wanna to be be like a lot of my friends that you know {NS} they would go to school mom and dad has to buy their car and you know {NS} whatever they do. And so anyway I was working you know the regular {NS} forty hours a week I didn't have to work that much I don't guess. And uh {NS} #1 The boss didn't make me work that much. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 533: They real good. you know real flexible and let you do what you have to do {NW} uh supplement that with what you wanna do or take that away from you. {NW} and uh but anyway it was um {NS} I lived on campus because I felt like you now I needed the uh the campus life you know to um to be a part of it. And I was used to being {NS} you know in clubs and you know president of this and {NW} representative on that and uh {NS} So anyway I went to Wood Junior College and stayed on campus but I drove up here everyday and I worked you know. and then I'd drive back down there at night and you know spend my nights. {NW} which uh didn't include a lot of studying {NW} because the time I got back you know everybody else had already taken their girls back to the dorm and {NW} and usually wound up in my room {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: uh I think uh the first- {NS} first week of school it was kinda funny I bought a carton of Marlboros you know took 'em down and put 'em in a drawer and about Wednesday they were gone. {NS} {NW} And I took a you know my old safety razor and it was gone so it didn't take me long to learn {NW} that if you smoked camels and you used a straight razor people wouldn't bum off of you Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 {NW} # #1 So uh I did that {C:laughing} {D:that} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 533: {X} Interviewer: good move 533: you know somebody come by wanna borrow your razor and they see the straight razor and they don't they don't want it anymore #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 533: but um that's where I went to college. It was uh {NS} basically liberal arts you know I got a {NS} A-A degree Associate arts I believe you call it #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: {NS} and I served uh. {NW} Really now and- and I make a lot of people mad. I'm on an advisory council for a Junior College uh in another area. and um I mean in this area but it's a different Junior College. {NW} And I make 'em mad when I point out the fact that what the What the kids learn in books {NS} is not so important as what they learn about how to deal with the people around them and uh {NW} and uh how- how they should live. How to put up with a lot a different things. {NW} I didn't really learn a lot in books. you know. Other than more or less a review of high school you know. {X} and all that #1 garbage # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: {NW} and uh King Richard's third wife's second daughter's first son and stuff like this in Western Civilization We had a real {NW} funky one in there you know man she was ah she was heavy in more ways than one {NS} {NW} But uh {NS} I {NS} I wanted to take you know some speech courses and things like this but they never would coincide with you know I just couldn't work 'em in. {NW} And uh the speech teacher there was about {NS} sixty-five {NS} seventy you know the private colleges you know how they are. Gotta get somebody they can pay twenty-five hundred dollars a year to teach. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: And she had uh a little bit of a a nervous condition and uh. I- she was fine lady {NW} and she was always after me to take her speech course you know and be in her speech club and go here and do that But I didn't have time to fool with it {NS} you know so I- I went through the first year didn't take a speech course {NW} uh and I decided After I had looked at the schedule said I wasn't gonna be able to take the second year and I felt like I just had to have one you know because I had never had one. They didn't have speech in- at {NS} Houston High School at the time. You know they had some pretty good programs. Chemistry and things like this but they didn't have speech and they didn't have. I mean they even had Latin {NS} but they didn't have speech. {NS} {NW} Uh. So I went to uh. My brother at the time was in like his last semester {NS} at Mississippi State so. Uh that summer uh one six-week session that that summer between my Freshman and Sophomore year at Junior College {NS} uh I went down to state and uh had intended to take speech and my first radio course because I'd never had a course in radio. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: Um. I left out something. Between my Junior and Senior year in high school I went to uh New Orleans to the Elkins Electronics Institute down there and got my first-class license. {NS} uh in September of sixty-nine or something like that whenever I got it first-class engineer's license you know because you gotta have that to {NW} to be sole operator of fifty kilowatts. {NS} Uh. #1 So # Interviewer: #2 You have your first-class? # 533: I am a first-class right I Interviewer: That's quite an acco- 533: got it back when I was you know like I said punk age you know. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 533: #2 {NW} # I just turned- I just turned seventeen uh. day or two before I enrolled {NS} and- but anyway. So I had that and uh that was the only quote radio end quote that I had. Was just my license and you know couple of three years experience that I'd had here on air. {NW} {NS} And so I went to state with the intention of taking a radio course and um a speech course and when I got there you know you pay your hundred and thirty-eight dollars I believe it was {NS} get in line. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 533: #2 {NW} # And uh. So I wound up in an old run down building {X} they always use in the summer. {NW} And it had been condemned twenty years before you know. {NW} But uh {NS} It was four or five {NS} six maybe in that class. and you know how professors do. They like to feel I hope a pro- professor don't listen to this. But they like to feel you know real you know important {NW} and uh {NS} And it was always funny cuz I I was probably making more money than him {NS} But- {C:laughing} {NW} but anyway you know they go around the class and they say alright. {NS} Everybody gonna stand up and tell what your name is and what you're doing in my class. {NS} So we started the room you know and this one guy was a black guy and he said you know uh {NS} Told what he- where he was from. Why he wanted to be in the class and all this and another guy stood up. My name Billy Earl Jones I'm gonna be a county agent and I gotta have this course to get outta here. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 you know. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 533: #2 And uh you could almost you know- # {NS} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 Yeah hear the snuff coming out. you know. # Got around to me and he kept looking at me and course uh. you know. Even before that time I had you know spoken to banquets like in West point. {NW} Uh I was a state officer in this DECA thing you know that I was telling you about in High School awhile ago {NW} And so I had spoken you know to clubs everywhere and all this you now and all. {NS} {NW} And I was always afraid that {NS} It- I mean at least at that moment I was afraid that this guy I've seen him somewhere he knows me and he's not gonna like me being in his class. {NW} So when he got around to me you know I just kinda {NW} Put my head down and {NW} I said my name's Huffman and I just uh wanna take this course so it enhance my career. you know. {NW} {NS} And so we went around the room a few minutes he came back and he kept eyeballing me and he looked over there and he said mister Huffman and I said yessir and he said stand up. And I thought. God it's like the army huh. {NW} And so I stood up and I said yessir and he said um. {NW} How long have you been working over there at Houston? You do work at that station in Houston don't you? Of course you know this. {NW} We cover Starfold which is {NS} forty-five fifty miles away like a local station you know fifty thousand watts Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 533: #2 Ha # {NS} On a clear channel we get in like a ton of bricks. {NW} So uh I said yessir I work there. And he said How long you been there? I said {X} figured it out right fast man I said uh roughly three years sir. {NS} He looked at me and he said well uh {NW} What do you do? {NW} Well around here you know it's not so much you do this and get outta my way and I'll do this and get outta your way. I mean we do a little bit of everything. Just like you saw out there a minute ago you know. {NW} And I don't know what I said. I don't remember, but something uh {NS} {NW} that amounted to more or less from cleaning out the john to greeting the governor you know. Which is really about what it amounts to. {NW} Uh we do it all. {NS} you have to around here because you may find yourself here by yourself someday you know. And- and if you're not prepared well {NW} you know you blew it. {NW} So he- I- I didn't really mean for it to sound cocky or smart. It's just a fact you know He said well. {NW} I guess you got some kind of license don't you. and I thought you know this guy is a radio professor? {NS} But that holds true a lot a times. They couldn't make it out in real radio so they go back and teach you know for twelve thousand a year. Interviewer: {NW} 533: But um I said yessir I have a license. And he said well what do you got a provisional? Which is kinda like a learner's permit you know. {NW} I said uh no sir I don't I don't have one have one of them. He said well I guess you got a third. And I said. No he asked me. First he said. {NW} What you got a third? And I said no sir I- I don't have a third. {NW} And he said well you got a provisional And I said well no sir and he said well and what the hell have you got? {NS} And I said I have a first. Interviewer: {X} 533: Oh man he got down. {NS} And he said uh. Mr. Huffman do you see that door? And I said yessir. And he said do you understand the mechanics of twisting the knob and pulling it back? {NS} I said thoroughly He said see if you can get outta here. He said you don't need to be in my class and uh I don't need you in my class {NS} And I argued a moment. I said but sir you know {NW} college is kinda crazy and- and you can't uh go in. {NW} I can't go in to the radio department and start out {NW} as a you know a graduate student all of a sudden just because I got experience and- and maybe know a little bit. I said I gotta have radio one oh th- one and two oh two and three oh three. {NS} He said I'm sorry. So I'd already paid my money so I wound up taking anthropology and had a ball. Man we went out #1 and. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: Uh. a slew out there {NW} North of {D: starfle} and dug up Indian bones. Had a #1 blast. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: A little bald-headed professor named Gibson. {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 533: {NW} but they did have a speech course the guy's name was {B} {NW} And I believe he was from uh believe maybe he graduated from your college. {NS} He was from over in there yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 533: He was a real itty-bitty squirt-y dude about my size you know And he was about twenty-six. Got drafted right after the class was over you know sent him to Nam {NW} Uh we didn't really. {NW} We didn't learn a lot. Uh. Lot of the people in there that you know they- they've never had a speech course and uh {NW} you know {NW} they get up there #1 and get # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 talking and they sound like # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: {X} {NW} And uh so really it was it was not really a joke but it was you know a waste. Interviewer: {X} 533: In- in a sense because I could have been doing something else probably that would've uh {NW} uh done me a lot more good. And- and the kinda things he would do {NS} is uh you know pick out somebody in the class and get up here and give an introductory speech on Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: well crap. I mean you know I- I do that twenty times a day anyway. {NW} Uh you know to a certain extent. People that I don't know anything about Gregg Allman or Shaun Cassidy either but you know I gotta come up with something. {NW} {NS} So anyway that {NS} That ended my senior college career. {NW} I went back to junior college you know sophomore in the fall and was president of the student body and a whole bunch a other garbage and uh {NW {NW} Um graduated and {NS} after that I- there was no place really around here to continue so uh you know without going a long long distance I- {NW} No radio departments around here that- that amounted to much and uh. {NS} So that was- that was all of my education. Uh. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. With that uh. I was just gonna say that first-class commercial license you could really call yourself a radio engineer with that guy. 533: Well right. That's what it is it's a first-class engineer's #1 license you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah. 533: I got one in my pocket one on the wall in there but I don't tell too many {NW} people that I'm a first-class engineer because um. That course we had was real good. It- it crammed everything down your throat you know that you had to know and needed to know. {NW} And you know all the formulas of this that and the other. But if you didn't come right back and put it to work you know its kinda like reading a book on how to fly an airplane {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 533: {NS} Uh. {NS} You- you gotta make a few landings and take offs you know. {NW} And I never really fooled with it enough. Uh mostly what I needed a license for was to be able to uh. {NW} you know to read the meters to keep the thing on the air and and have sense enough to know when to call the chief engineer to come down here and you know put things back together. {NW} {NS: knock} Yeah. Auxiliary: {X} 533: {X} Where were we I forgot. Interviewer: We were talking about your first {C: loud squeaking} class license. 533: #1 Oh yeah well. # Interviewer: #2 I can # 533: #1 Yeah {NW: grunt} # Interviewer: #2 appreciate that # because I've got a amateur license and I know how tough 533: #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: I'd like to have an amateur and I'm gonna get it someday #1 But I- # Interviewer: #2 But you don't have any # 533: {NW} Yeah. See I- #1 I'd have to learn the code # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Well yeah 533: #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: And uh that would be I guess you might say my only problem {X} well that's. {NW} {NS} Everybody's only problem you gotta get your novice. you know you gotta learn the #1 code. Your # Interviewer: #2 Right # 533: #1 beep beep bop bop bop Right # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: And uh I'm the kinda guy. I guess I'm kinetic as- as the word goes because you know {NW} you know I run about a hundred miles an hour all the time you know my brain is just {NW} like that. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And now and then you know something good will fall out of it and we'll write it #1 down you know {C: laughing}. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: {NW} But um. Well I just {NS} Same thing with musical instruments. I love music and I know how to write songs. I write poetry. I got stacks. I got a briefcase out there by my desk full of it. {NW} But uh they'll never be any good to anybody because I-I don't know how to sit down to this piano over here or to the guitar- two guitars I got at home. {NW} And- and say okay bum- bum-bump you know {NS} and uh. I wrote one the other day Called why don't we get back together. Interviewer: {NW} It's got possibilities. 533: Uh well. Interviewer: {NW} 533: #1 It was just a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: thought you know because we were talking about uh economics and I'm probably wasting all your #1 tape. # Interviewer: #2 No no # go ahead 533: But um you know we talk about a lot a things and we look around. {NW} And I don't know what brought it up. This uh this governor we have has been talking about {NW} A twenty dollar car tag. Well I said I don't want a twenty dollar car tag and everybody says. God man why are you crazy? {NS} I said no. {NS} It's the only fair tax we got. Sure I pay a hundred and fifty dollars for my car tag if I buy a new car {NW} But so does this guy out here that's on welfare {NS} and- and got a government house that cost him twelve bucks a month and fourteen kids that the government's feeding. Which the government is me really. {NW} And he's driving a deuce and quarter you know an Electra two twenty-five what around here is a deuce and a quarter. {NW} And uh. {NS} {NW} and- and {NW} when he buys his car tag he's gonna pay like everybody else you know this pro rate {NW} And if it was twenty dollar car tags that would be the only tax he paid all you know the whole year was twenty bucks because the house ain't his you know this kinda thing. {NW} {NS} Uh. He don't have to pay school taxes because he owns no land and on and on and on I said that's the only fair tax we got. {NW} And if they raise the car tags to tw-. you know lower the car tags to #1 twenty dollars you gonna raise your-. # Interviewer: #2 Lump it all together # 533: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah they- # {NW} 533: So I said well you know why don't we all get Black Together? and it was kinda you know {NW} uh. Wouldn't we be such a happy pair living so easy on our welfare. #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} {NS} 533: Riding around in our deuce and a quarter and all our friends thinking we look sorta like millionaires you know it goes on. {NS} Uh. We could be. {NS} We could just sit around and get it on forever. You and I could get Black Together. Anyway {NW} #1 but. # Interviewer: #2 Maybe we could get you sing one of your songs # 533: #1 Ah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 533: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 Well actually I'm not a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 singer either but it's the same thing # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: I {NS} I know the chords that you know on a on a guitar and this kinda thing but I just don't {NS} wanna fool with sitting down long enough. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: To try to figure it out. {NW} And uh it's a lot you know the same way with this other stuff. I uh Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 533: Um. Interviewer: I'd always wish my mother had beaten me and forcibly made me take piano lessons. 533: Me too but you know I- I was afraid that it was like wearing pink drawers #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Exactly. # 533: Make you talk funny you know. Interviewer: No. They had to those recitals 533: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 I mean. # {X} 533: I finally talked my little brother into it. Uh he's about six years younger than me. Well he's bigger than I am and all. But um. At the time. {NW} Uh but I was saying wait you know I wish that I had done something. Been made to then because like you said now {NW} you find that old adult excuse that well I ain't got time to fool with it #1 as they say # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 533: around here you know because I got so many other things to do Interviewer: I think it would just #1 be great therapy to # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: sit down and bang something out. 533: #1 Well but its # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: kinda like shooting pool or something you know to get your mind off a it. Going swimming. Guys around here all go fishing you know. {NW} They got a six thousand dollar bass boat and an eight thousand dollar pick up and they pull it all to the lake on the weekend. {NW} And uh you know they sit there and watch the worm #1 wiggle on the end of the hook and uh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 And that's all it is. Its just you know mental therapy # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Sure. # 533: Could care less really about whether or not the catch fish. Cause they're gonna throw 'em back. Uh. They could buy 'em you now a lot cheaper than that. And uh. I fly an airplane {NW} I like to fly and uh karate. you know I do karate. Been uh done that since I went to junior college. {NW} Interviewer: How far along are you? 533: Uh in karate? In rank-wise not too hot in uh years pretty {NS} you know. What've I got uh seven or eight years. But I'll I have uh the busy part of the year like you know September through March. Because I do play by play sports here {NW} And you're gone three nights a week and you miss your karate class for three months in a row and then rank test time comes up and you're behind you gotta go back. Start over. {NW} Uh so you know. {NW} But anyway I enjoy you know getting it out that way and and uh. Interviewer: you do that mostly is it for the exercise? Or is it actually a a method of defense? 533: {NW} Well it's a method of defense? But the thing about it is uh. These movies have blown it out of proportion you know. You see a guy walking into a bar you know and {NW} somebody says something to him and he jumps about eight feet off the floor you know and throws both legs out and kills fourteen people {NW} Well you know a real true uh {NW} if you're taught right. Unless you got some kinda {NS} quack for a teacher you'd never do that anyway because uh the first thing you'd learn. The first thing that my first karate instructor ever told me. He said alright son {NW} Look down just as far as you can see And what you see? I said I see the ground. He said alright look back six inches. I said I see my feet. He said that's right. {NW} He said and God gave them to you for a reason And he said the reason he gave those feet to you is to move on and he said he gave you a brain to tell you when it was time to move. And he said when somebody starts trouble run them two things together and get the hell out a there. He said don't hang around. Because he said that {NS} {NW} Especially after you learn this stuff. you learn {X} about pressure points. And he said somebody gets on your case and you'll haul off you know and whack 'em in the- in the larynx and {NW} they got like thirty seconds you know. {NS} uh going to their solar plexus and then you know they're They're dead no time or whop 'em in the kidneys and they bleed to death when they're at home eating supper tomorrow. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's # 533: #1 And he said you know you'll # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: you'll wind up in uh in the penitentiary over some idiot that flunked out a the second grade and you know and had two beers. And uh he said it's not worth it. {NW} And that's true. It's uh {NW} It's enjoyable uh to the point that you're in competition. and uh {NS} for the most part in- in karate and things like that {NW} you are equal. But then again you're not equal because you have a certain amount of uh this built in stuff you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: uh your own uh uh intelligence has a lot to do with it. {NW} Karate is- is ninety no seventy-five to eighty percent {NS} mental It really is. It- it's mental {NW} And it's not so much as uh you know being super strong and hurting a guy as it is {NW} uh that if you had to knowing how. And uh at the first of uh you know the karate thing you know when you really {NW} psyched up about it and you're getting used to it and you get it in your head you- I used to find myself- I was like eighteen then {NW} And I'd find myself when I you know like if I walked into a- to a hallway. {NW} Or an elevator or a classroom {NW} okay {NS} unconsciously {NS} or subconsciously {NW} I was sizing everybody up you know. I was looking at this guy over there and he's six four and he weighs two ten and {NW} the best thing for me to do if he you know got after me was you know take his knee cap out. you know because it was easy to reach it. You didn't have to stretch too hard and too far you know. {NW} And then the little guy over there. Well I could you know if- {NS} Or a big guy bear hug you or something like that you know it's a lot a gross stuff. You can suck their eyeballs out you know its no problem just {NW} like that you know. {NW} Interviewer: You learned that in karate? 533: you know pull the ears off. Well there's a lot a different kinds a karate you know. #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: karate and kung fu ain't the same {NW} A lot a people will lead you believe. But anyway it's uh I- I enjoy the physical contact because I- I liked football but I never was big enough. {NS} you know and uh I liked basketball there again you know everybody else got to be six two and I was still five one. {NW} Uh so I washed jocks for one {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: six week span you know and decided that wasn't for me either. {NS} But um. Well actually I think my geometry class just decided that wasn't for me cause I think I made a C. {NW} My Pa says hang up the drawers and get back to the books. #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: But uh I enjoy you know Being around uh. Uh your- your karate people uh are For the most part good folks. And the association uh {NW} All you got to do is- is Hold a hand up to a guy and say look I'll knock your block off in a restaurant somewhere and you're out You are zero man. You never get back in a karate association in southeastern United States. {NW} And uh you know it's- it's good. Like I said though it's kinda like uh. {NW} It's kinda like a {NS} Rock and roll bands used to be I guess. you know you had so many freaks in there that if you picked a guitar you was automatically a freak. And if {NW} people know that you are a- a karate student or a you know karate person. Whatever the word you wanna use. {NW} Uh they automatically. You're badass if you'll pardon the French and uh I know we uh {NW} I took in uh Tupelo and Amory This you know we'd move the class around because you know the number of people would dwindle and uh {NW} We uh I finally talked them into coming to Houston and see if we could have a class here save me a lot a driving you know. {NW} And uh so the first night I talked it around and we had Aw man the community house was full. Must of been two hundred people {NW} And we weeded out about a hundred and seventy five the first night. And- and we weeded Interviewer: How did you manage that? 533: Well there was this big black guy there named {B} he's about. {NW} {NW} Uh Jack's probably six five. He'll weigh two twenty but he's just like a brick wall you know. {NW} And uh then came in {B} {NS} who was third-degree black belt. He was the uh president of the uh karate association around here {NW} and he uh {NW} He's about my size. He's five seven or eight. Hundred and forty five to a hundred and fifty-five pounds. {NS} {NW} uh he can punch on a timing. A timed punch bag he can punch twenty four times in three three and a quarter seconds. Just to say that he's swift {NW} Ain't good enough you know what I mean? Interviewer: #1 I can't even imagine. # 533: #2 But anyway. # No that's inhuman it's {NW} you know {NS} Make Joe Palooka's old movies look bad you know. {NS} But uh. {NS} So We were trying. I say we. He was trying to explain you know some of the basics the inte- intellect part. And it wasn't so much that you know was gonna go out and beat the hell outta everybody from the the clan to the you know. Uh to the other end of the ladder but anyway so he said I need a volunteer and I'm gonna show you something. {NS} {NW} Uh he said you know I'm gonna show you. I just want to make a point to you that'll- that its right here it's- it's in your head. Course you gotta have some physical conditioning. But you got to have the drive first {NW} and so you know everybody pushed old Jack out there. you know his arms are about {NS} you know eighteen inches around and this kinda thing. {NS} I don't know why. It's- hardest thing he ever picked up probably was a baseball. {NW} Well {NS} {NW} So Greg said okay hit me. {X} Jack squared off you know {NS} Popped him in the gut. Didn't move him you know and then Jack he just kept on. He said okay hit me a little bit harder and he kept on. {NW} Well you know bunch of 'em left And anyway time went on {X} think it was like fifteen people you know. It was uh the class which is good you know you got people to work with and you you know everybody understand each other. {NW} And the police came by one night just on their regular routine runs. you know and I've known 'em all my life you know. These One of 'em anyway {NW} And uh so they were out there kinda you know sitting on the road looking through the windows seeing us you know doing our little things. {NW} And so um The instructor said uh Rick uh you know these guys? I said yeah sure and he said why don't you go out there and tell them to come in. they might like to you know join us. I mean be a part of it you know learn a little bit a this stuff {NW} And I walked out and uh I said hey Bill. {NW} I said why don't y'all come on in. He said oh man I'd a never thought you'd get messed up in something like this {NW} And you know I thought hey look man I'm not peddling dope. I'm not making whiskey. you know I mean this is {NS} It's like a football game you know. {NS} But that's you know. Like I said all he'd ever seen was #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 533: probably uh {NS} When he saw Billy Jack you know and {B: should be beeped out} Billy Jack shot the old cop {B: name should be beeped out} between the eyes #1 {NW:breathing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW:laughing} # 533: But yeah I don't know how we got off on that, but I'm bad about Interviewer: Oh that's 533: talking in tangents anyway. Interviewer: That's interesting. 533: But um. Interviewer: What uh- What else are you interested in? Are you- you mentioned that you were president of the student body. {NW} What other sorts of organizations have yo 533: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 been # affiliated with? 533: In- in high school I was uh {NW} up the ladder. I think I was {NS} reporter secretary and then president the F-F-A. {NW} Uh I was vice-president then- then president of the local local DECA chapter and F-F-A {X} we had the land judging team won the public speaking uh. {NW} Got the Dekalb agricultural award for the highest you know grade average in Vo Ag {NW} mm- I you know this I- I can't remember and I don't wanna sound like I'm bragging uh Interviewer: No no no 533: Um you know a bunch of stuff like that and um {NW} Like I said vice president of the state association of Mississippi DECA {NW} and uh {NS} One of the student of the year awards in the state that time. Uh. {NS} Outstanding young high school Americans or whatever those things are who's who in American high schools and {NW} And uh There's a lot a I- I won't say that no {D: you know} colleges weren't bargaining for me. They were just hoping I'd come you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: But anyway I fooled 'em all picked this little one down here that I wanted to go to. {NW} And I think I was you know vice president of the house council and {NW} freshman class president and- and some kinda rep to something else there. And then I got into the Mississippi intercollegiate council. Which is uh you know all the colleges and junior colleges in the state have a representative on this council that goes and {NW} represents as a group they represent all of the colleges and universities to state government and the legislature and this kinda thing. {NW} So I was one of the vice presidents on that and uh. {NW} Uh {NS} just a bunch of stuff like that and then after I got out into the real world life I guess you wanna call it that {NW} I said well I'm just gonna back off a while and assess this thing and uh you know I'm not gonna run out and get in the lines Sabbatarians the J-C's the rotaries the hound dogs you know all this {NW} So I just kinda you know laid back for a month or two there and uh I don't know maybe it was longer than that- a year I guess. Well I went into {NS} {NS} coached little league baseball team one summer. {NW} {NS} They uh. {NW} The manager here was uh {NW} I don't know president a the uh {NS} like the little league association you know {X} business man you know they usually in that thing. {NS} {NW} {NS} And uh so there was a They were back here in the- in the kitchen where we were a while ago the Station which is a heck of a place to meet but I mean um. Anyway they were back there dr smith and {B} patient manager and this one that one and the other one you know they were talking about the baseball teams and {NW] you know you- you get small town- {NS} yeah come in Auxiliary: {X} I'm fixing to run down and get them 533: {X}{NS} {NW} Uh but anyway {NS} Where were we? We were on this uh Interviewer: Your little league. 533: Yeah. Anyway I went back there and I was you know I was on the air It was like seven oh clock at night you know. Or in the evening in the summertime you know it's still daylight around here {NW} And I went back there and they were arguing and- and you get small time politics that you know you get uh you know this man coaching a team and he {NW} you know lets all the big ones play- anyways what it amounted to was {NS} They had like {NS} twelve or thirteen boys {NS} That they didn't have a team for And I walked through fixed a cup a coffee or something you know and said hello to everybody and uh. And I just picked this up. {NW} And I said hey golly you know wasn't any a my business but I'm bad about stepping in anyway uh. you know trying to help or getting in the way one {NW} So I said what's the problem? They said well we got all these boys over here we don't have a ball team for 'em we're just trying to figure it out you know and they were all taking a smoke break and scratching their head. {NW} {NS} And I got to looking at their list and what they were doing was all of the guys that were pros from dover you know I mean all the guys that knew how to play baseball and- and run your socks off playing baseball had done been picked {NS} Alright these little dudes that- that had had a glove you know since their birthday and that's all {NW} and didn't have room to play or you know their daddy uh was {X} didn't care enough to teach 'em how to play. you know just anything. They- they just didn't know how to play baseball nobody wanted 'em. {NW} And man I got just like a cobra just like a moccasin you know what a moccasin does? You can smell 'em whenever you make 'em mad a cotton mouth moccasin you walk through some a these hollers out here these valleys if you wanna call 'em that {NW} and uh. And you know when you done stirred up a bunch a moccasins cuz you can smell 'em Interviewer: I didn't know that 533: And 'em suckers will {NW} like that they'll come get you #1 That's- that's one a few snakes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: They will come and get you. Interviewer: uh 533: Well that's just about the way I got. I bowed up like a hound dog {NW} And- and I said something equal to what the hell is this anyway? It's dixie youth baseball {NW} And it's to teach boys how to play and how to cooperate and how to get along with each other and get out of the streets. And how to be a man uh you know in little boys' clothes and- and how to {NW} enjoy something even if you lose. I said it's not to get out there and see who can knock the ball the furthest necessarily. {NS} And they all back up you know and I mean these guys you know are fifty years old you know They's {NW} They been smoking a pipe thirty years. {NW} And the intellectuals you know and they looked at me and they said well Well what do you think we oughta do? And I said hell make some more teams man. Said we ain't got no coach. I said you ain't asked me. #1 And my boss looked at me # Interviewer: #2 {C: laughing} # {NW} 533: And they said alright you coach 'em. And I said alright by god I'll coach 'em And we'll play y'all {NW} and uh so you know I done stuck my neck out and went out and bought like a hundred. Paid a hundred and twenty-five dollar membership. Course the station took the took the team you know it was Interviewer: Yeah. 533: W-C-P-C's you know team. {NW} And we had some little monkeys on there Marvin, and they couldn't hit a ball. Couldn't see a ball. Didn't know which end a the bat to hold. But we had the best time. {NW} And so I coached that for a year or two you know and I didn't get into um much of anything else {NW} and then they came along and uh {NS} Somebody nominated me for uh outstanding young man of the year. uh which is uh you know the J-C's do that you know {NS} and I looked good in every category except uh {NS} civic I guess you know at least {NS} some people thought that. I mean after I got the young man of the year award here. {NW} and they said well for state competition uh {NW} uh {NS} Maybe you need a little more civic stuff you know. So I joined the J-C's kind you know. {NS} kinda that {X} but I- I never really was happy with 'em. And uh and kinda got I guess you'd say disgruntled with 'em because {NW} you know around here most of us at the station are work horses. And everybody knows they come out here and we can {NS} get together and get everything done. {NW} and they'd come up with stuff like uh {NS} you know the honey Sunday which they sell you know like honey or- or jam or jelly or something and they take all the money and give it to the Mississippi rehabilitation for the blind or something like this. {NW} So uh Well I'll be damned {NS} electricity off in the radio station. Anyway {NW} uh So the president of the local J-C's had been to a district meeting or something you know and got about half tight and said we'll sell a hundred and fifty cases a that stuff. Y'all need to send us a hundred and fifty cases. {NW} Anyway I ha- you know I had volunteered or they'd volunteered me or something to be chairman of honey Sunday Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 533: #2 Which is what they called it # {NW} {NS} And then I found out I. Maybe it was seventy-five cases? And they'd never sold more than ten or twelve cases. I mean twenty-four jars of jelly to the case you know Interviewer: {NW} 533: And {NS} And so uh {NS} What happened was there we were with like seventy-five cases of grape jelly I believe it was. in these little mugs you know its like a buck and a half a jug man. God you know you could go to the grocery store and buy five of 'em for that {NW} #1 And so # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: So uh there we were. you know we just had you know picked up loads of that stuff and I and I um being the way I am you know knowing people here and there {NW} I knew they were never gonna sell that junk in Houston. {NW} So I went to Tupelo which is You might say northeast Mississippi's metro area. you know it's a pretty good sized town Thirty-five thousand two or three malls you know and all of this stuff. {NW} And so I went to uh {NS} {B} over there who's {NS} chairman of the mall merchant's association {NW} And I begged him to let me have the space inside the mall on a Saturday when {X} they were having you know like a flea market in the mall there {NW} And she said hey that man I- look that's gonna be almost unheard of for an out of town {NW} uh eleemosynary type organization to come in here. I said just let me do it So she let me do it. {NS} So I came back to the meeting and I said alright guys we got a We got a space in a Tupelo mall. Gonna be inside. Don't matter if it rains, snows, sleets {NW} uh we in there And we gonna be the only type organiza- only one a this type. Everybody else is gonna be commercial you know {NW} They said boy that's fine that's real fine. I said I- I gotta work Saturday I come in at six oh clock on Saturday morning you know what I mean? {NS} {NW} I said so I need about four volunteers. And I said two of you you know go over there {NW} like uh when the mall opens at nine thirty and y'all stay 'til say one oh clock and then two of you be over there at one and say work 'til four and then you know I'll be off work and I'll go home and clean up and get on over there and I'll work six seven oh clock at night and we'll count the money and come home. {NS} Man I had volunteers all over the house you know. {NW} Well come time for that Saturday morning {NW} And uh they got up uh you know I- course- like I said I been here three hours you know. They were gonna come out here at nine pick up the stuff and take it on off you know {NW} and uh nine oh clock and I ain't seen a soul {NS} {NW} and uh so I started trying to call 'em nobody was home. Well I thought surely {NS} to heaven's name {NS} the guys {NW} uh that are gonna come at one you know {NS} Well uh you know I'll check in with 'em #1 before they go # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 533: so that they won't just go on over there stop by and get stuff. couldn't find them. {NS} {NW} So anyway to make the short story long. Nobody went. {NS} Interviewer: Oh 533: Had absolutely nobody Well I was totally embarrassed shoot This lady was a client of mine. All the merchants in the mall clients of mine {NW} and uh you know there was There was- their flea market was a giant success except that it looked weird because there was a space over there about twenty feet {X} {NW} and they they said okay Rick you can have that you know. {NW} And like I said here I've done stuck my neck out with some of the big wigs of northeast Mississippi man. I mean not to mention the mall but now downtown you know people that built Tupelo. Interviewer: {X} 533: {NW} And I said guys {NW} just don't let me down. God help you if you do I'll kill you. Interviewer: {NW} 533: you know {NW} uh. you know and course like I said I was- I was kidding cuz I didn't Everybody had a good excuse you know course excuses are like other things we all got one but they're not worth much {NW} and uh. {NW} So anyway that that Saturday came and nobody showed up and by this time I had gotten venomous you know I had just really it was eating my intestines from the wrong side you know {NW} And so I When I got back to the to the next meeting I told 'em. I said you can take your grape jelly and shove it I said I tried I said a chairman of a project according to to the way I read Robert's rules of orders. {NW} Is not the guy that that's supposed to go out and- and do ninety-nine percent of the work I said he's supposed to head it up set it up draw it out and get it done {NW} Now I said I maybe I didn't do my best. If I'd a done my best I'd gone over and sold it myself. which is apparently what y'all expected me to do but I said I ain't made that way and I'm sorry. {NW} Well uh you know we got over that few months went by and and me and another guy that works here {NS} {NW} uh were co-chairmen of election seventy-five or something like that had a giant election rally on the square up here you know {NS} And he and I being co-chairmen we wound up doing it all. {NS} And uh couldn't get any cooperation out of anybody one of the guys in the club's an electrician {NW} {NS} uh we blew a few fuses you know and this kinda a thing. Couldn't get him to come up there and fix it. Another guy works for the gas company. We needed gas in the concession stands. Couldn't find him. {NW} Another one has a car dealership we couldn't get him to drive a new car out to pick the uh {NW} candidates up at the airport so after that I went to one more meeting and I said {NW} goodbye Interviewer: {X} 533: you know Interviewer: {X} 533: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: {NS} so anyway that {NS} you know as far as being involved in anything in the community other than you know {NS} paying his taxes and and- and you know {NW} I do what I can you now speak to clubs M-C this that and the other and you know that kinda stuff but {NS} I- A good hardworking Sabbatarian or J-C I ain't {NS} because I've been bit. Now I'm in the the uh masonic lodge and the shrine and uh we do a lotta work for crippled children and things like this and uh that {NW} I enjoy because we are not competing we're not going out to get publicity {NW} uh we're not you know trying to see if the president of the local shrine club can get his picture in the paper five hundred times a year because the president of the local club happens to be this year my daddy {NW} and I'll keep him out of there much as I can {NW} uh you know I don't like over exposure for the family you know Interviewer: {X} 533: but uh Interviewer: {C:laughing} 533: that I enjoy you know we'll have a we'll have a road block we had one not long ago and we got uh like five hundred and something dollars and then this little kid got burned and we sent him to the hospital and you know that kinda thing you enjoy not b- Like I said you're not looking for glory you're not competing with a club in matches or Okolona or somewhere to see who can you know raise the most money and hoot and holler the biggest about it. You're just doing it because somebody needs it you know and you're helping 'em and you're you're not doing it for personal gain or anything it's just you know being human you know helping you're neighbor. {NW} that you know I guess you would say that's probably my big thing Interviewer: The Shriners where I'm from sponsored the county fair. Do you have any kinda big fundraiser's project? 533: Well {NW} {NW} uh The shrine club itself a local club is kinda young and um The club itself is young the uh membership's not necessarily young. I think I'm the youngest one in there. and course have been ever since I was twenty-one. {NW} But um We uh we're trying to establish you know a certain thing that's ours all year. And I- I've got some ideas on some things uh {NW} I'd like to have a tennis {NS} tournament you know North Mississippi tennis Interviewer: #1 Do you have # 533: #2 tournament. # Interviewer: #1 good tennis facilities around # 533: #2 Well # {NS} There's some areas where we do you know with- within the- the reach of our club Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 533: Uh the only problem is I have to get somebody still long enough to talk 'em out of you know a little bit a money. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: {NW} Uh you know to put up for this thing. {NW} Interviewer: #1 I think that # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} 533: Uh 533: one of the club's uh Lee county over on Tupelo they have an annual boat show and they make about five thousand dollars you know on a boat and ski show. and uh we have a rodeo and we made you know like eleven hundred dollars on it and it'll grow n- you know a- as time goes on. But #1 anyway # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # {NS} Sure. That's interest- 533: This is probably not the stuff you wanted to know and. Interviewer: No I need a lot a free conversa- 533: Oh {NW} Interviewer: Lot a things come out. What about- Are you in any in any sort a church group or anything like that? 533: Not really uh The way- The way I'm set up now {NW} {NW} Is uh I work every other Sunday you know like I work twelve days and off two and uh {NW} It's really hard to you know like to be a Sunday school teacher or a you know department {NS} help or anything like that when you're you know you know you're gonna be out every other week Interviewer: Right 533: and uh and chances are some a those weeks your gonna have to be gone somewhere. So no. Other than you know being a member and and and being there uh that's about it. Not like I wish I could be but then you You can't have everything you know. Used to I was off every Sunday. I got off a little bit {NS} early in the afternoon on Saturday and didn't come back 'til Monday Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: {NW} uh and then a couple of the other guys did the same thing. They were off on Saturday and came in Sunday {NW} There was one uh fella here. Wayne. Um he had two little girls like they're six and seven years old now but back then they were like five and six {NW} and um or something. I don't know four and five maybe and uh he was back there one day and he doesn't he doesn't ever say anything serious very much you know and he said you know I just got to thinking about it he said my kids are you know four and five or whatever they were and he said I never been to church with them on Sunday. Because see he came in {NW} uh worked a split shift you know and uh he missed both services you might say {NW} and I said well I tell you what I'll do I said why don't you know you work one weekend Saturday and Sunday and I'll be off and the next weekend I'll work Saturday and Sunday {NW} and you be off. So it's worked out real well you know we enjoy it when- Uh. I worked this past weekend I came in at three thirty uh yesterday morning you know. Got off at one yesterday afternoon. Uh. you know and the time you get home you're too tired to eat too tired to talk {X} you know and after a little while you know and then I- I think it was after twelve before I went to sleep last night you know which my usual habit {NW} and so I'll be groggy for a day or two. But it'll be worth it because this weekend you know it'll seem like a vacation you know two whole days #1 man. # Interviewer: #2 {C:laughing} # 533: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 {C:laughing} # 533: So it- it works out that way and you know I- I got off into that talking about church. And no I- I'm not as active as I should be and I- I'm hoping that someday {NW} In the not too far distant future that we can um you know arrange things around here where the- you know we get some part time help on the weekends or something like that where th- we can uh you know everybody could be off Interviewer: Yeah. 533: you know at least {NW} maybe work just one weekend out of the month or something like that because it's not fair uh I don't think for {NS} {NS} Well I think everybody has to have something to look forward to {NW} And I know it's bad to bring excuse me some you know young people in here and make 'em work Saturdays and Sundays but if they wanna work you know They gotta start somewhere just like all the rest of us did {NW} and then they can uh you know work up into the other stuff you know {C:beep} getting off on the weekends uh after all I been here ten years. {NS} Uh not really uh be ten years in October. I'm twenty-five years old you know an old man in the business and a young man in the in the clothes but uh {NS} uh. you know I I think people deserve a little consideration and that's what I'm hoping for anyway. {NW} Interviewer: Uh how long does this station stay on the air? 533: Well it's the A-M is daytime which is local sunrise to local sunset which varies like the devil around here. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh {NW} in the uh in the winter months a December for instance uh month of December our A-M fifty thousand watt scheduled to go off the air at four forty-five in the afternoon cuz hell it's dark you know I mean its dark and uh but then in the summer uh June and July we're on 'til eight fifteen P-M see so it's kinda weird Interviewer: {NW} 533: but uh we're working on getting a little bit of that straightened out that's just federal regulation you know {NW} The A-M co- I mean the excuse me the F-M comes on at four in the morning and and goes until eleven at night. It's licensed to operate twenty-four hours a day but {NW} It's really not that big of a market yet around here. Well {NW} we could create a market for it but uh part of the problem is I don't wanna work from eleven P-M 'til four A-M. you know what I mean? Interviewer: Graveyard. 533: Yeah. {NS} {X} I wouldn't mind it too much if you know if I have absolutely nothing else to do. If I could make enough in that {NW} ten at night 'til seven in the morning and whatever you know to sustain a living. Then I'd be fine. I'd like to go home get up about twelve noon go fish {NW} Dip a little snuff #1 talk politics and ride around you know but # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 anyway. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 533: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Sure # Okay. Tell me something about your parents where were they born? 533: Um around here uh my dad was born in uh well you know they were born at home. you know what I mean? {NW} {NS} #1 yeah uh # Interviewer: #2 Right {C:laughing} # 533: Uh dad was born in Chickasaw County. {NW} you know back then uh {NS} Your areas were different I mean yo- and- and still are to a certain extent around here because uh like even when I was in school {NW} uh some of my friends well Mike lived at Van Vleet Steve lived out on airport road I lived at Thorn you know and uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: and Dairy lived at Hot Air Interviewer: #1 you know # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 They're little communities- # 533: #2 What was his place called? # Hot Air. #1 Sure man. # Interviewer: #2 Where is that? # 533: Uh well it's Where'd you spend the night? Holiday Terrace? Interviewer: Right. 533: Alright it's about {NS} five miles east on that highway there Interviewer: {NW} 533: you know you got little communities and you know everywhere there was a store it was a community we got Sparta we got- Did you ever see the movie in the heat of the night? Interviewer: Yeah 533: Okay did you notice that the sign said welcome to Sparta Mississippi? Interviewer: {X} 533: you know when he- when he was #1 on the train you know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: Virgil {C: pronunciation} #1 Virgil was on the train. {C: pronunciation} # Interviewer: #2 I remember that. Yeah # 533: and uh nobody else noticed it. I was about fifteen we went to the movie one Sunday afternoon which was taboo anyway you know you didn't go to the flick on Sunday evening man that you'd go to hell. #1 for that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 533: and uh Interviewer: you done bad 533: Yeah well anyway. Maybe I wasn't fifteen. Must've been about fourteen and I went with some of my friends and uh {NS} uh. This was on and you know In the heat of the night {C: singing} and they were talking you know and everybody's eating popcorn which I didn't like. I never did like it stay on my teeth. {NW} and uh I looked up and I saw the sign it said Welcome to Sparta Mississippi you know just as the train went by {NW} you know Interviewer: {NW} 533: and I cackled man I just screamed my guts out and the old lady came down and like to throwed me out Interviewer: {NW} 533: but I couldn't stop laughing long enough to tell 'em what was so funny because there was like {NS} you know uh a tri-track. you know three sets of tracks. you know and uh {NW} in a town that looked more like #1 uh Pollytock in New Albany # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: you know and they were saying Sparta #1 and Sparta is like # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 533: you know {NS} one store and a beauty shop. {NW} and uh and a dairy farm you know I- that's what is the town of Sparta now. {NW} people within a three or four mile radius of there they call themselves living at Sparta {NW} it's the same way at Thorn which is where my dad uh was from there was uh a post office and a general store and you know many years ago an old school that went from grade one through eighth and after eighth grade you were a grown man you know {NW} uh so that was Thorn and my mother grew up in uh over just over in Calhoun county place called Ellzey which was the same way they had a graveyard a church and a schoolhouse you know {NW} and that was Ellzey. It was like Four miles North of Vardaman but {NW} all they had was a horse and buggy and you didn't make the trip to Vardaman but once or twice a month {NW} so you know back then it was community oriented and if I say that you know something about Thorn {NW} Well that's uh four miles from where we're sitting {NW} yonder way {NS} and uh {NW} its not People still call it Thorn. you know where do you live? {X} Thorn. you know and uh #1 I don't know it's # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 533: especially uh you know a lot of the blacks they uh they have these ball teams you know and Hey what team do you play for? I play for Una I play for Hot Air I play for Darden Sluggers you know #1 Little community called # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 Darden you know. And they got names for # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 533: {NW} and uh so community orientation around here is is still to a certain extent a thing. They had the Sparta Water Association which {NW} a federal grant from the U-S government you know. uh helped in a in a loan you know from the F-H-A or whatever {NW} and they built a water association to serve like a hundred and fifty-two hundred families you know and it's just like a just like a city water system {X} country and that's the name of it Sparta Water Association you know {NW} {NS} so uh but anyway uh my dad was from Thorn which is in Chickasaw county. Um. Little hole in the road out there {NW} and uh {NS} He was born out there uh My Aunt Dorris Kellam delivered him. {B: named should be beeped} His Aunt. {NS} you know Interviewer: No kidding. 533: Yeah you know. Cut the cord and the whole bit you know. {NW} With a butcher knife Interviewer: Oh my god {C:laughing} 533: He's still got the knife. Yeah. Interviewer: My goodness. 533: Uh and mother was born uh you know down in Calhoun County like I said little area down there called Elzey E-L- L-Z-E-Y I believe Interviewer: E-L-Z 533: E-Y right. Yeah. No L on the front E-L. No It's just Oh you've got it in parentheses #1 I'm sorry # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 533: #1 I thought that was L-E-L-L-Z-E-Y # Interviewer: #2 Right. {C:laughing} # {NW} #1 {NW} # 533: #2 Thought man I talk funny. # Interviewer: Okay 533: Uh. Interviewer: What about uh what did your father do for a living? 533: Well uh. He's kind of a jack of all trades in his- in his lifetime. Well right now he works at a pep industries. They uh They manufacture the wiring harness for automobiles you know Interviewer: Mm. 533: Get contracts you know like General Motors you know and they'll have to make {NW} you know fifty million feet of wire of a certain kind {NW} and he's uh a maintenance supervisor type over there you know. He keeps the machines running all of that kind a stuff Uh Interviewer: What about your mother? 533: {NW} She's a factory worker. She sews chairs seamstress I guess you would say huh {NS} Interviewer: Sounds good. {NS} 533: Yeah Got a little bit more class. Interviewer: {NW} 533: {NW} Uh I in-introduced My mother one time at a banquet you know You get up you know {NW} Hello welcome. And I'd like to introduce my parents. And I introduced her as a domestic engineer. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 you know {X} # What's a domestic engineer? I said that's a Interviewer: Right. 533: That's you Ma Interviewer: That's like sanitation engineer. 533: Yeah you know for a garbage man Interviewer: Right. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Sure. What about your parents' schooling? 533: Uh. {NW} Well Dad went to you know the eighth grade at that little community school out there and uh then broke loose to make a living you know. Helped raise the family. Hauling pulped wood and stuff like that. He was {NW} He was a grown man you know when he was fourteen years old. I mean he was as big then as he is now you know. Smoked a pack of camels a day and the whole bit {NW} and uh he went back and uh I think maybe he got a high school diploma. It was before G-E-D came around as- as we know it now. Where you go and take a test fo- you know #1 like a day. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # Mm-hmm. 533: It was a special thing where they went to school for like you know three or four months at night you know a couple of nights a week and uh he got a diploma must of been like in sixty-four or something like that my brother was like in eighth or ninth grade and he had to teach him how to do the math you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh. and mother graduated from Vardaman high school you know twelfth grade {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do uh. Do you know your grandparents? Uh. 533: Uh yeah most of 'em were you know dead before my time but I- I know 'em. And uh I know what they did and who they were before {NS} you know they married and {NW} uh {X} {NS} how far we go back and all this. you know we- we got some Indians some German you know just typical redneck mix you know Interviewer: Tell me about your mother's people where were they from? 533: {NW} {NS} Well they were from Calhoun County. Uh little bit further West than Calhoun County. Her dad's name was {B} which is weird. Yeah old man named Ruby guy- Interviewer: I interviewed a man named Ruby at a Union {X} 533: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: {X} {NS} 533: {NW} Uh and he uh They were from uh a little community called uh Lloyd And Old Town over in there. L-L-O-Y-D Uh that's also in Calhoun County. And uh {NW} he was born in uh eighteen ninety-eight and you know He died in fifty-six of a heart attack you know what that fifty-eight years old roughly and um I mean what- what do you wanna know? His education that kind a thing? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. What did he do for a living? # 533: #2 Just you know. # {X} Well he was a farmer you know. {NS} Interviewer: Third or fourth grade you said? 533: Yeah something like that. you know nothing nothing special. Just enough to know how to sign his name and say woah. #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. Right. {C:laughing} # 533: Like that town in Tennessee you know where they have all those walking horses. They uh. Sign at the red light says Woah on red No wait Yeah. Gee on red after woah. That's what it says. Interviewer: #1 In other words turn right on red after # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Stop # 533: #2 Sure # Interviewer: #1 Gee on red after woah # 533: #2 {NW] # {NW} you know that that's about all you needed to know back then you know Interviewer: Right. 533: {NW} and my grandmother {NW} uh {NS} She uh was born in nineteen oh three {NW} and she was from you know the same area {NS} um. The Calhoun County area over there. {NW} Actually she was from uh {NS} Let me think of the name of the pl- Well she was from Old Town. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What was that? # 533: #2 Old- Old Town. O-L-D # {X} I mean T-O-W-N two different words yeah. {NS} Which is uh {NS} between {NW} Well anyway Interviewer: #1 nevermind # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 It's between # 533: #2 {NW} # Bull Mountain and Reid #1 but that don't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 matter. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 gotcha # 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Exactly 533: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Is there # 533: #2 Uh you know and # and the typical thing you know. They get married and they have seven or eight younguns you know and one of 'em dies of pneumonia and the other one gets bit by a squirrel you know this kinda thing dies and {NW} She makes homemade beer and you know Interviewer: Yeah. 533: They farm grow a few taters. A few maters and #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 533: #1 have a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: cow that they milk and you know {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 533: {X} typical lifestyle Interviewer: Was she a housewife or 533: #1 uh yeah you know just housewife # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: {NW} She was uh {NS} She had a little bit a {NS} Well we had a quite a bit of Indian and it really uh {NW} I know uh my dad tells a tale about {NW} uh you know one little while after they got married he had just warts all over his hands. Warts. I don't know what {NW} you know they may call 'em somewhere else. Warts. The compound W- Interviewer: #1 Warts. # 533: #2 thing you know. # {NS} Wart. {NW} Frog stuff Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 But anyway # Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh so she was like I said I never knew her she died in fifty-one {NW} and uh but they always you know telling something about the grand- you know what they did and he uh he always liked her a lot she's always telling jokes keeping everybody witty-ed up Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And she said Huff. Uh that's what they call him you know his name is {B} but you know They called him Huff {NS} {NW} She said Huff I get rid of 'em warts for you boy and he was like you know eighteen or nine- nineteen I guess you know by the time they got married {NW} and he said well Alright miss. {X} any- anything you say and she said. Well I just want you to so do you just tell me that you believe that I can get rid a them warts. He said I believe it {NS} He said I believe you can do any thing you say you can do {NW} and she said alright I'm gonna get rid of 'em. {NW} so anyway Uh you know they They went back to their where they lived and a couple weeks they went back through the woods to see Mamaw and 'em you know and {NW} and his warts were gone you know I say a couple of weeks. May've been a month but anyway {NW} Here's what she did and I don't remember the exact recipe but it had something like this you know some crazy thing like this. {NW} So many feet like northeast of the well. This is all example and hypothesis. I mean it ain't you know really what she did {NW} but like you know five feet northeast of the well you dig a hole so many inches deep {NW} you put a certain kind a bean seeds in there and a certain kind a sticks you lay a certain way across those bean sticks to form something I don't know what {NW} And then you cover it with a certain kind a leaf. and then that with a certain kinda dirt and you put something on top of it you let it stay there so long and that's what got rid of his warts. Interviewer: This is the truth? 533: I- this is what got rid of his warts. #1 Now I mean # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: This is what you know she said do you believe I can get rid of the warts and he said yeah and that's what she did and and {NW} few months later or a few weeks later I mean his warts were gone. #1 So you know how that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 goes I mean you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 But anyway that's you know just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 regular old country # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 folks you know what I mean? # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # Sure. 533: you know chicken and dumplings #1 and # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: ch- you know chitlins and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Um you know sow belly and hog jowls hog jowls we called 'em back then. {X} Interviewer: Is Mamaw what you call your grandmother? 533: Right that's you know that was Mamaw and Papaw you know that was And if you had you know like one on both side it was you know Papaw Neal or Mamaw Lutie and this kinda thing you know {NW} So uh Interviewer: What about your father's people? #1 Where were they from? # 533: #2 {NW} # Uh they were from um out there in the Thorn area you know Chickasaw County They uh my grandfather {NW} Alright well let me just say it this way. Well my great grandfather was {B} uh the best dang tale. He was an amazing man there's a few people around that remember him. {NW} Uh. He and my great grandmother. She was a I believe a Cherokee. But anyway {NW} Um. They had like six or seven kids {NS} and then She died of {NS} something pneumonia something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know after having one of the kids. {NW} And the oldest one uh then great grand daddy died when he was like thirty-six years old you know. and the oldest child was a girl I mean I'm sorry. Was a boy and he was thirteen. The next one was a girl. She was twelve. {NW} And they raised each other in the old house that he built piece by piece ordering it from Sears and Roebuck It's still out there and it's still a beautiful house {NW} and people still live in it {NW} and he had a lot a land you know and he uh and he ran a little newspaper. You know he had a little newspaper you know {NW} But anyway they died and the kids you know they'd have to sell this off to stay alive and this kinda stuff you know and then. Before you know it they all had nothing and then were nobodies and one two was in California. One died in Virginia trying to save a woman from drowning. {NW} Et cetera et cetera et cetera. One joined a uh {X} 533: About rattling on anyway. Interviewer: No it's fine. 533: but uh anyway back to the to the great grandparents. You know like I said they died and uh there was um I believe six boys and and one girl and uh her name was {NS} Which being country got to be Beatrice Which was shortened to Beat. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 Ya know uh so ya know # we called her Aunt Beat. Interviewer: #1 Right # 533: #2 Uh # Which reminds you of the little red thing ya eat ya know #1 that the Indians used to paint their face with. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: But uh like I said uh one uncle um he joined uh this gosh must a' been in the like early twenties ya know. He uh even before and uh before that. I guess World War One. Yeah. Been in the teens. Anyway he ya know they were all big ya know I mean like uh ya know. They they grew fast. And uh I saw this gentleman one time. We called him Uncle Eddie. His name was Harley. But anyway they explained how he got the Eddie business uh. Uh when he went into the navy at age fifteen and uh. They had a lot of boxing and wrestling stuff like in the navy then ya know that was entertainment. Wasn't much else going on. And he he was the world black heavyweight champion of the U.S. navy. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And he was going up against one of the big shots. That was back in the jay days of Jack Dempsey and that bunch. and he was going up. He was supposed to fight somebody. I don't know who it was. I got a booklet somewhere ya know that that he wrote all his junk down in. And uh anyway a little leaflet I mean. {NW} And so they ya know they they started digging up stuff on him to tell about him and where he came from and they found out that the booger was just seventeen years old then. And hell he'd done been in the navy two years so they see he couldn't ya know they threw him out. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 533: They had to get him out of the navy and he couldn't fight. But anyway we got pictures of him ya know when uh in his navy stuff. Ya know his little navy shorts with the U.S. N on it and the little ya know the the anchor and the rope and his boxing gloves. #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 That's great. # 533: Ah ya know just like I said typical family and uh he stayed out in California. And another uncle the baby of the bunch his name was Doyle and he was a boxer too and so they changed his name from Doyle to Tommy. Ya know it was back in the days uh ya know when they when they did that kind of stuff. And uh they stayed out there and and uh Uncle Eddie died last year out there with nobody ya know he had a wife no kids. Uh Uncle Tommy uh was married once had one child and uh he's still out there. He's been back here three times I think in my life time. Uncle Eddie came back once. His hands would make two of mine and I got pretty big hands for a little guy. I wear a size twelve ring ya know? Believe that? But his hands ya know would make both ya know like this. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And I guess he must have been like sixty-five or seventy or something the time I saw him and I was maybe fifteen sixteen. I don't know. And he was showing me one time and and I thought I was tough 'course I was a squirty little guy but he hit me and knocked me clean across the living room just with a little {NS} like that ya know? So I had a lot of respect for him. Interviewer: Yes. 533: Uh but anyway that was that was my dad's background. And his daddy was one of the the footloose ones that uh uh ya know married a little while before the depression and uh after he was married awhile uh ya know like I said typical family they had a kid and it died of pneumonia. Then he had another one and another one and another one ya know and uh so ya know dad had to help make ya know help make the living. And uh. Ya know just a typical family I ya know basically education would range anywhere from grade one to five six seven and eight ya know in his ya know parental ya know his background. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Ya know something like that. Interviewer: Was your grandfather a farmer or? 533: Well no he was uh he was was really uh I I guess you would say 'course he did farm for a while ya know until the depression got so bad nobody could make any money at it. And then after that he went to um somewhere in in the North uh seemed like somewhere in Iowa ya know and was working at some kind of factory. I don't know probably some government thing ya ya know and uh sending what he could back which never amounted to much. Uh he wasn't what you'd call well he's not I don't guess he'd be the kind of grand daddy you'd look back on with a lot of pride. Uh I nothing basically wrong with him other than he just got used to being ya know working somewhere else and ya know sending the money home. Uh he wasn't a drunk or a ya know a thug or anything like that. He didn't he didn't have three or four families anywhere ya know nothing like that {D: I mean he's} ya know but um anyway even after my dad {X} was married must have been in the early fifties uh he and my grandmother got a divorce and uh years later she married again and had one more child who is ya know younger than me, my aunt. Beautiful girl. Uh she must be about twenty-three years old now. She's married. Has a child. Uh. Her dad was uh even had a little Indian in him too matter of fact more than the rest of us. And she's real dark-skinned. Has long heavy black hair and brown eyes about size of a piece of sausage ya know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: and uh the big mouth the high cheek bones the slick face and all of that. But anyway that's that's uh Interviewer: Sound like Rita Coolidge. 533: Well she's shorter than Rita. Rita's ya know she looks a lot like Rita except she's a little bit as they would say around here fleshier. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Ya know she's uh her her uh face is a little bit fuller. Interviewer: Mm. 533: And uh Like I said ya know just good ya know a tight body I mean oh strong arms ya know no flabby skin. Nothing like that. Interviewer: Yeah. And your grandmother was does she have a specific uh job was she 533: No she was a house wife ya know. Barefoot and pregnant. #1 Ya know what I mean? Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 In the kitchen. # 533: {NW} Interviewer: And you said education about uh 533: Uh I oh you know sixth grade would be a maximum. Somewhere along in there. What good grief she married when she was about fourteen ya know so she couldn't had much. Interviewer: Right. 533: Ya know how they did. Interviewer: Your grandfather bout the same correct? 533: Uh yeah I'd say fifth or sixth grade. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Just 'til he got old enough to tell his older sister that made him go to school that he wasn't going ya know? Interviewer: Right. 533: Um. Interviewer: Uh didn't ask you about your uh grandmother on your mother's side. What about her schooling. Any idea? 533: Uh. About the same ya know back then everybody was the same I I expect Interviewer: Sure. 533: ya know five six years. Something like that. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know anything about earlier ancestry? Where your people came from? Or 533: #1 Well uh yes # Interviewer: #2 anything like that? # 533: and and in the early eighteen I say early eighteen no it's like ya know in the er eighteen fifties or early sixties The Huffman crowd moved from South Carolina and ironically my mother's background did too. Uh my mother's mother was an Alexander. And if you'll shop around around here you'll find about six different sets of Alexander and they're they'll tell ya ain't no kin to him ya know. And here's the reason for that that um Well on my on my mother's side my probably be my great great great great grandfather Alexander. Um he was ya know they were living in South Carolina and his they had three or four kids and his wife died. So he married this other woman and they started moving South ya know. And uh anyway over the years ya know they stop here and live a year and move on and this kind of thing. They had three or four and his wife died So there he had like I don't remember the exact number but again it's one of my old great aunts has got it all documented somewhere. But anyway he had like six seven or eight kids ya know and he married again. Married a lady in Alabama. And they moved on over into this area. And uh she didn't live long ya know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know how it was is all this kind of stuff that went on back then. He may have delivered the kids. I don't know that could have been the problem. Uh but anyway they had a few anyway he had like seven or eight kids ya know by three different marriages and then he married a woman and they settled here in this area. And they had a house full so ya know he probably thirteen fifteen kids and you know {D: in his string} And and over the passing of generations now you've got like I said five six seven different sets of Alexanders around here that ya know really physically are not any kin anymore because it's all washed out. They had ya know the same original old daddy back there somewhere but that was five or six seven eight generations ago. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: {NW} And uh then one of his sons uh was my or some of the crowd anyway was uh ya know my great great my great grandfather {NS} and um so then my uh mother's mother was one of that clan. Interviewer: Right. 533: And uh. Now on my daddy's side they there was the same thing. Basically the Huffmans moved from South Carolina. Uh came into this area and the best that I've been able to collect it and I enjoy talking to the old ones ya know and finding out about this stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh this Mr. Huffman or whichever one he was that came down had four or five sons and one went uh a little bit south of here down a place called {X} it's about forty miles away and settled in that neck of the woods. Uh another one went here another one went yonder ya know and that's uh. Huffman is not really a common name in. Ya know now there's a lot ya know maybe some Hoffmans and Coffmans. But Huffman H-U-F-F-M-A-N and and a lot of times when I'm talking to like an agency in New York or something. What what did you say your name was again? I'll say ya know Rick Huffman. And I I say it southern so that they can understand Huffman ya know. Uh and they say would you spell it and I say look it's southern for Hoffman ya know? Put a U in there instead of an O. And they ya know get a kick out of it and everything everybody lives happily ever after. But anyway they settled in different parts and there's there's still a few Huffmans over in the um uh Water Valley Mississippi area which is like sixty miles or so uh northwest of here. There's some down in the Webster county area I was talking about a minute ago which is forty fifty miles southwest. And uh there's about four or five different clans of them in Chickasaw County. And some of them I didn't even know until I was a grown married man. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: One lived down the road from me. This guy came down knocking on my door one night. Said let me use your phone. I said look kid I don't know you. You're not coming into my house. Ah hell you know me. My name's Buddy Huffman. #1 And I said I've never seen you in my life. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: I said you smell like a Huffman. That's about all I can give you ya know. And uh Interviewer: {NW} 533: But you know like I said eh They was ya know some of this parentage that moved off to Arkansas or something. {X} You know like I said I I don't know Same thing happened at a ball game one time uh. I had a handful of uh you know electronic ya know equipment ya know radio stuff and was going in and and uh ya know knowing the people there and the principal of the high school said said something uh to the this kid at the door ya know. I say kid. He was seventeen or eighteen. He said uh Ah you can go in. Let your kin folks in free. 'Course I was getting in fr- free anyway I was ya know coming in to do a broadcast. Make a presentation too. And the guy said yeah I guess I will And so I looked over to Shorty. This the principal of the school. They they call him Shorty. He's about six five and weighs about three-hundred uh which is typical around here ya know. Shorty. and I said Shorty who in the hell is that? He said oh that's David Huffman. What do you mean boy you kidding. And I said look I never laid eyes on that idiot in my life ya know? I said David Huffman? I don't know David Huffman. So you know you you have you have that and I always laugh and I say well I know everybody in the county except the Huffmans. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And I run across a new one every few days ya know and say uh I don't know you. Interviewer: {NW} 533: But you know Interviewer: Sure uh okay. Tell me something about your wife. Is she from this part of town? 533: Uh yeah. Right. Uh her um her dad is um ya know they've uh they've always been around here. Dad and her mom too. Ya know their their family's. One was from one side of the county and one from the other but ya know uh they've always all been from around here. The Fars and the Talents. Her mother was a Far. Her dad's a Talent. Interviewer: Okay. How old is she? 533: Uh Janie? She's twenty-five. Ya know. I was trying to think yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Is she a Baptist too? 533: Well actually she was born a Methodist. So you know you can just put Methodist down there for the record. Uh. {NW} Interviewer: Uh. What about her schooling? 533: Uh you know. High school. Interviewer: Is she in any sort of uh organizations or clubs? 533: No. Not really. I well I guess that's my fault. Ya know but I mean ya know. Interviewer: It's the way it is. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Ah she probably would be but she's kind of quiet and shy which is what I need ya know uh is is ya know energetic and and I'm not saying I'm outgoing but out into junk all the time as I am. I need somebody that's not in to so many things so that they can follow along with me and help me do mine and ya know this kind of stuff. Go to the meetings with me and and ya know be a part that way ya know be my wife instead of uh you know me having to take one of the kids or something to the meeting because mama had to go ya know do something else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: I mean I'm I'm a family man. I think a family oughta be together. I think that's a lot of the a lot of the problem that we get into. 'Course I know you can discipline your kids and teach 'em everything you know and teach 'em even better things than what you know and you still have no guarantee that they're not gonna turn out to be a rotten egg ya know? Uh but you gotta try. I think a family needs to be close together because it it gives you a certain warmness and security some love ya know? And uh I think I think it's good to be dependent on somebody in in that sense. Not financially necessarily eh not even physically necessarily but I mean you know emotionally. I I think it's good. So anyway like I said I I'm a family I'm a family guy. When I go home at night I shut my door. And that's the end of it. I'll lay down the floor in my drawers and watch TV. Ya know uh light a cigar and uh ya know that's home ya know? And uh Interviewer: How many children do you have? 533: We got two. Yeah. Got a boy and a girl. And uh Interviewer: Okay. Could you describe these uh sketches that you did for me? #1 Just a little bit about both of them? # 533: #2 well # Well the old house uh the one that I did most of my growing up in it. 'Course back in in those days you know you'd live in one house while you know you rented a house and you know you'd move to another one or something but this is the one that that we lived in when we lived in the Vardaman area when I was between ya know four and seven or whatever it was years of age. Uh the reason that we moved back down there. My grandmother. My mother's mother. died in fifty-one. And uh she had ya know brothers and si- well sisters still at home. And then my grandfather. My mother's daddy. Died in fifty-six. And so there was ya know four girls at home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: That somebody had to take care of. And My mother and daddy are good people they. This kind of thing always the ya know they happened to be the ones that have to take it up like Aunt Beat that I was talking about. Daddy's Aunt Beat. She's old now and she's by herself and you know she was just always by herself and he was having to go down there and check on her so we wound up building her a house up here by their house so that he can keep an eye on her. Uh I guess that kind of thing happens to you and you wind up with that responsibility when you're man enough to take it ya know. So anyway uh Mother had an older sister and an older brother and this kind of thing but mother and daddy wound up uh we moved into to my really what was mother's parents' house down there and took care of those girls. Raised those girls. Got 'em through high school and got 'em married and all this stuff ya know? So that's what we were doing down here. Uh my dad was twenty-four years old at the time. Had two kids of his own and and four teenage girls and his wife and he was making thirty bucks a week. Ya know. So we did alright. But anyway. #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 How many rooms in that house? # 533: Let me see. One two three four about five. It was uh a fairly nice-sized house for the time. It wasn't a shotgun house or anything like that uh ya know it was a pretty decent house I mean Uh had the I don't know if you're familiar with what we call brick siding. Used to call it brick siding. Ya know it was just a rough uh asphalt really. Like uh I mean like asphalt roofing. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Ya know. {D: Sealed down step} Only came in rolls you know and it looked like bricks ya know and they stuck it on the outside of the house. Interviewer: When you say shotgun house exactly what do you mean? 533: Uh shotgun house uh basically is ya know just like if you laid those two pieces of notebook paper end to end It's just um uh a two-room house ya know? A front room and a back room. Ya know it it had no basic design. Looked like a cracker box. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh one of my uncles lived in one of those for a long time. Interviewer: Doors lined up so you could see right through the middle of the house? 533: No no no no that's that was the rich people's house. That was uh Interviewer: Uh-huh? 533: one you're talking about is ya know like the hallway in the middle ya know and rooms over here and rooms over there and a hallway in the middle with a well in the middle of the hall. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. They called it anything different? # 533: #2 Ya know. # Uh no. That was just just a house you know. Uh it's to my knowledge I never knew but one person that lived in one like that and we didn't get to go in her house very much. Had to play on the porch. Ya know because there was a a well in the middle of the floor in there uh where they got their water Cistern. Some people called them cisterns. Watch out don't let the baby fall in the cistern. Uh S-I-S-T-E-R-N I think is what that was but it was just a big well in the floor. But no a shotgun house is is just two rooms just like a cracker box and if you divided it and made two rooms out of it. Interviewer: I see. 533: But ours was not that. It was like I said it was a fairly nice house uh. On the front you know the the porch a couple of feet off the ground ya know you had a you had a porch and we kept it painted gray. You know it was a wood porch and it wasn't screened or anything but uh uh it was the length of the house. And of course it was covered by the the roof that went over the house. Uh kind of like a lot of people do now when they have a one-sided car port you know? Uh Interviewer: What are the different rooms in that house? 533: Okay you have um of course the living room when you went in. The house basically on the front had two front doors. Ya know? And uh back then you had you didn't call them locks. You called it a latch. And uh even before the latch you had a little thing called a thumb bolt. And uh you you thumb bolted the door I guess took a lot of time. Now I tell my wife I say hey don't forget to thumb bolt the door ya know And it was just a little thing. It's just what it was. A little bolt. You push it over your thumb. Ya know you thumb bolt the door. Uh So anyway had two doors there in in the front and you went in on the right side which was basically acceptable everywhere if you went into somebody's house and they had two front doors like us you went in the one on the right. Don't know why but you just did. Uh and it was the living room when you uh when you first went in and there for a while we used it uh as a as a bedroom too ya know for one of the girls. And um Then uh we had a fireplace there when you went in. Windows all across the front. And um you go past that room and uh you walk into the dining room uh which had a table and about four or five chairs and a bench. or a bench really but they called it a bench back then. And it was just a just a wood bench. And no back on it. Just a ya know two planks up and one plank across. And that's where the kids sat ya know. You get over put 'em all on the on the bench over there. And we had a had a bed in there one time too. One of the girls. And uh had a potbellied stove. Yeah. A heater in there. And you'd run a pipe out the window that kind of thing and then the next room on that particular side was the kitchen. And it was just that. We did have an elec- we had an electric stove and uh you know no sink or anything like that we drew our water from the well outside. Ya know drop the rope down in there and dodge the turtle and frog and get a bucket of water and pull it up Interviewer: {NW} 533: And a lot of people don't believe this because a lot of my friends didn't grow up that way ya know we get somewhere and we get to talking about it and they say aw hell Huffman you didn't grow up like that. But I mean you know we did I mean that's Interviewer: Sure. 533: that's the way it was. {NS} And uh then the other side of the house of course you could a' go you know from the uh from the dining room into into the one of the bedrooms and there was two full-sized beds in there. And uh. And then uh Then there was another room back up that you could a' go into from the living room. Uh there was a closet between those two main bedrooms and that was mother and daddy's room. In the front of the bedroom. There was a fireplace strangely enough there was a fireplace in in mother and daddy's bedroom and it was back to back with the fireplace that was in the girl's bedroom there ya know and you could #1 look like that ya know and see through ya know to the other bedroom. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 533: But uh that's how we kept it warm and I can't never remember getting really bad cold. Ya know I mean I don't remember freezing in the winter. Ya know people talk about hey when I was a kid you could see holes in the floor well you could see holes in our floor now and then. We'd patch 'em up and it was it was a decent tight house ya know. Glass windows and the whole thing. Uh you know the little out house outside uh for lack of a better word. with a quince tree beside the outhouse and I don't know why but I always grew up thinking everybody oughta have a quince tree beside their uh you know manure parlor or whatever you wanna call it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 And # 533: #2 {X} # We had a back porch too ya know. And a and a back porch it was high off the ground and ya know you uh that's where you threw the water out of the wash pan. We didn't have a bathtub ya know and you took a bath especially in the winter time. And then a wash pan Interviewer: Uh-huh. 533: which is you know maybe like a gallon and a half uh container And you can still get 'em at some of the general stores way out in the country around here. And you know you warm some water and have some cold water in when you warm some water you take the water out of the well in the bucket and put it over in the pan and warm it up on the stove and you know all this. And everybody just uh kinda well let's take a birdbath ya know like you would if you'd you know if you'd uh been to one uh meeting ya know and you didn't have time to take a bath you'd come back ya know and just kind of rag yourself off ya know and and change clothes and {NW} put on some more deodorant another white shirt and go back to the meeting. And so that's kinda what we did especially in the winter. Now in the summer we'd go out to um ya know we'd go out to the pool for instance and get a number three wash tub and uh and fill that full of water that's that's the two boys and my older brother and my older brother wasn't there. {C: tape distorted} And he wasn't around then. {C: tape distorted} And we'd get in that tub ya know {C: tape distorted} We'd take a bath. {C: tape distorted} And uh {C: tape distorted} {X} Weird. {NW} But anyway I'm sorry. {NS} Interviewer: I was gonna ask you since you brought up the out house You ever heard people around here call it anything else #1 you mentioned out house and manure parlor. # 533: #2 Oh yeah # Oh I just made up the manure parlor I yeah I'm bad about making up words but #1 Well Johnny # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 533: house. A lot of people called it a Johnny house. I know I had some friends that uh uh after I moved over here to Houston and they called theirs the Johnny house and they were laughing about Amanda and Sam were these twin cousins of theirs and one of them got stuck in the hole in the Johnny house ya know. And I thought what the hell's a Johnny house ya know? And of course I {NS} I knew what it was. But it just sounded funny. And uh we called it a toilet. That's what we called it. Ya know said uh ya know hey momma it's dark go with me to the toilet. And that's what it was was a toilet. And and still to this day now you know some things stay with you But I I don't like to use the word ya know toilet in reference to brute and old spice and ya know Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh oh uh what is it shower to shower body powder you know because to me a toilet ya know {X} gross association ya know there was a Sears and Roebuck catalog out there from last year that you use and and uh you know people live longer now and I know why. Because we take care of ourselves better I mean like then uh uh God no wonder ya know people that're forty fifty years now have hemorrhoids. Ya know? Interviewer: Corn cobs. 533: Well you know corn cobs and uh wet corn cobs were good but dry ones were hell. And uh Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh but you know I mean God rough newspapers and stuff like that and the way we ate uh ya know we ate uh we ate a lot of pork. Because you know pork grew a lot faster than uh than than beef did. Besides it didn't cost as much you can feed a pork uh a hog a hog as it was back then slop. We had a slop bucket. And it was by the it was over it was in the kitchen. Now which and if you were to walk into that house now if I was to go into that house if I could just you know take myself back now I'd probably gag. Because the slop bucket was a five gallon bucket that was over by the back door and in the summer it was outside the back door 'cause it got rank boy in the summer. But um and the dogs were the same way. But what you didn't eat off the table or you know the the uh peelings off the um uh potatoes ya know and cucumbers and stuff like this ya know and the coffee grounds and uh ya know the watermelon rinds. Ya know and the leftover corn bread. You threw it in the slop bucket. Well at the end of a day when you's feeding a crew like that ya know you'd have two and a half gallons of slop I mean you know potato peelings just junk. But a hog will eat anything. They say they're the smartest animal in the world. They probably are. But anyway they'd eat anything so You didn't really have to supplement a hog too much 'cause they could ya know as the old saying root hog or die ya know they go out there and root around and eat something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: We had a pig pool. Everybody had a pig pool which was a slushy uh place down away from the house where the where the hogs got down in the mud to stay cool in the summer you know. Interviewer: Is that the same as a pen? 533: Well {NW} the pig the pig pen but there was a pig pool #1 which is just uh # Interviewer: #2 Just a # 533: yeah you know it's a little pool of water. Uh you know sometimes small sometimes large. That's probably very colloquial ya know pig pool. Uh Interviewer: #1 You ever heard of # 533: #2 Some friends # Interviewer: anybody around here calling a hog parlor? 533: Hog parlor? Yeah now hog parlor now well that had a connotation of being a uh dressed up place for a hog see. A hog parlor was like uh whenever you had clean hogs I mean you know you could you had a nice clean place for them to stay you know a barn with uh some type of floor in it ya know where they could come in and that was the parlor. That's a hog parlor. Interviewer: I see. 533: Uh a little bit cleaner than a you know the pig pen. Pig pen stinks. I'm here to tell ya. But anyway and for that reason we ate a lot of pork ya know I say not a lot but when we ate meat it was pork ya know we made our sausage ya know and this kind of stuff. We had a smoke house. You know you'd you'd hang the meat in a smoke house Put salt on it it'd sit out there and flies get on it and all this but anyway Uh pork you know is greasy and it ain't good for you. {NS} And uh {NS} Interviewer: Tell me about the house that you said you just moved out of. 533: Well actually it's it's been a little while. I sold it. But uh it was uh matter of fact the original house the idea uh a guy dreamed it up in Marietta, Georgia. You could probably go out there and see it. But um {NS} Um it had a Spanish design well I I don't have any Spanish and I don't know why it did. But um Along the front I said I do not want a house where people come in my back door. Around here everybody's ya know the basic Southern style is ya know y'all come on over. And everybody's you drive you car into the car port or garage which is the slick word and you get out and go into the door there that enters the house and ninety-nine percent of the time it goes right in to the kitchen. or dining room you know the kitchen area. Ya know? And uh Then after that you go on past the kitchen and take a turn usually and you go into the living room. And I no and you know a lot of people have a sidewalk from their from their driveway to the front door. But if you drive into the car port you gotta walk back to the front of the house and get on the sidewalk to go to the front door so everybody comes in the back door. I said I don't want that. I want one door. And I said I don't want any windows on the front because every time a car comes by there are lights going #1 front windows you know? # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 533: Look up ya know thinking somebody's driving up the yard. So I cross the front Uh it was the stucco type. Ya know. The uh the mortar hanging out of the white brick the whitest white brick. And uh with these um look like uh furniture legs. I guess you would say table legs in the window to make give it kind of a cell appearance you know kind of a jail cell appearance. Uh the uh I had one window on the front. I had a little uh sunken in ceramic design there to hang things on like at Halloween you put a witch out there you know Christmas a reef. This kind of thing. And um and a light on that. Uh but you came in to the yard uh down the driveway and here ya know you made a turn and you went into the car port. Car port separated from the house. Which I guess would make it a real true to life garage wouldn't it? But anyway Uh it was separated from the house in a sense um the slab you know came down a time or two on the way. A concrete slab. And uh you went you know through the door of the garage onto a patio. To your right there is a is a flower bed built up flower bed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And uh the roof has got a you know there's a cut-out place there. To let the rain etcetera in. And uh then there's a concrete patio and you then you're you know you're walking into the door and when you went into the door I built it so that it it had a foyer. Uh with some of this Jefferson Davis floor stuff on it ya know just looked like puzzle wood. Uh because I didn't like ceramic ya know. Interviewer: Why do you call it Jefferson Davis? 533: Well that was the name of it. I don't know. Jefferson Davis was the particular style of it. Ya know the old wood put put together floors ya know? And uh {NS} Uh and whenever you came in take about three steps in to your right about a a three inch drop in the in the floor and there's a living room. And it ya know the Spanish archway you know in the living room it was uh Egyptian white walls you know kind of off-white. And uh and an off-white carpet. And then uh you know twelve fourteen feet away there was another arch and you stepped back up and it was a dining room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Mm-kay? And uh now you could go back to the foyer and go straight on through and you'd be in the den. where the fireplace and TV and a black uh not black but old nasty looking oh uh paneling was. I said I want paneling looks like it just went out here to ya know Billy Bob Fender Bender's house and and and jerked wood off his barn and stuck it in my house. So ya know that's what. You back up against it and ya know in your underwear and you stick a splinter in your rear But uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 533: And then still though you were still away from the kitchen. See what I mean? Because then ya ya know the kitchen the uh the cabinets came down on this side it was just a blank wall had some ya know old Spanish design thing there and and a little place where you could sit and eat ya know and the wife can hand ya stuff through Uh and then but to go into the kitchen you just kinda had to go around that little ya know that little bar-type area. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh. Don't mean a bar like an alcoholic bar but I mean a like you know just a bar that you eat on. Uh and the reason I did that was I said okay if somebody comes over ya know? I don't like them having to sit there and talk ya know and sit at the table ya know when you're right over there three feet away ya know dropping a hamburger on the floor. Ya know? I I just don't like it I worked in a cafe I know how it is I fed a lot of not a lot of people probably in my lifetime ten hamburgers I dropped on the floor. {NS} Picked 'em up. Threw 'em back ya know on the grill put 'em back on there ya know? As long as they didn't have a hair on them they were alright you know what I mean? {NW} Uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. But so ya know I did it that way and then I said well one of these days ya know when the kids they get grown they bring people over to have a good time you know? I said I don't like doors either. So I fixed sliding doors so that whenever you came into the house and if and if the den looked like hell which they will sometimes you can slide that door too see? And it'd look like the wall. And you set 'em down in the in the uh living room which a lot of people back in the old days would have called a parlor because it was the the fancy couch. I don't mean fancy in the sense of expensive but you know the rose floral design and this kind of thing you know the kids don't get on it you know? So uh I liked it that way. And from the other side if you were in the den you pull that too it looked just like the uh paneling you know just had a little indention there. Interviewer: {X} 533: And and uh to put the bedrooms back at the back so uh like I said I said well look one of these days I get to be an old man I don't want them over here playing Rod Stewart Records you know? Or whoever the star is you know in nineteen ninety. Uh I don't want to hear him in there ya know raising hell having a big time all night. I said I'm gonna get back here. And we'll insulate this thing and and scoot this room back so that I can go to sleep and they can sit in there and play records all night. Ya know? Or whatever it. Eh. They may be flying airplanes on the floor by the time ya know Whatever they're doing then they can do it. They won't be bugging me. {NW} And so that was the reason that was the reason that it was uh designed like it was and you can see there that the the garage see this is what you're looking at at the front. These had those um pipe-looking things hanging out. Looked like ya know #1 the Spanish fort you know the hacienda type thing. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah right. Sure. # 533: Okay and I said well if we ever need to uh to build more onto it we can build back this way or over here and never affect the original look of the house from the front see because you know it looks like garbage when you got a house that you built onto you and you have to use the same brick but the brick it faded and this kind of stuff. {X} That's the that's the reason for that. {NS} And uh this guy came along and said I bet you wouldn't take fifty thousand dollars for it would you? And I said yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And so he's got it and I ain't ya know. But anyway. Interviewer: Are you planning on building? 533: Yes something. Uh it won't be that I have uh I learned a lesson from that I think. Well I like it and and really and lotta lotta cases I wish that I was still in it. Um but I really don't I I want to go back to a to a basic simple dwelling. Ya know and we talk about this oh I'm gonna go back and I'm gonna build something. And it may look like a log cabin on the outside I haven't really decided yet but on the inside there's not gonna be any of this dining room living room den stuff it's gonna be a room. Ya know? Because of the family atmosphere that it creates. See I se- I separated too much here. Ya know of activity. I mean so what if uh if the kids uh are ya know playing ball and picking their nose on the floor sitting over there ya know five feet away from the table when you got ya know Bob Carol and Ted and Alice over and eating a steak with you ya know? I didn't mean that to be ya know {D: the rib} but I mean {NW} Ya know friends. Whoever. Uh because you know they got kids too usually and uh you know what? That adds a lot to it. I mean ya know that's family that's the way I am. There's no point trying to ya know be something else. So anyway the next one I build it'll have uh probably three bedrooms two maybe three bathrooms 'cause I got a boy and a girl and a wife and a me. Ya know you never can get in a bathroom. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And uh and uh and a two-car garage and uh you know a patio and crap that's that's all you need. Ya know? So anyway that's that's what I'll do next time. Interviewer: {X} 533: Eh. Interviewer: #1 When it comes over. # 533: #2 Oh yeah yeah # I'm sure it will thank you. Interviewer: Okay we can get into #1 those. # 533: #2 Did you find any # words there that I use funny? Interviewer: I was just no I was just jotting down some things. 533: I saw that greasy now Interviewer: #1 Right. That's pronunciation. # 533: #2 Greasy, you know? # I had a friend. We used to call him greasy. Ya know? Interviewer: {NW} Okay. We can uh start these uh urban questions now. 533: #1 Okay. Right. # Interviewer: #2 I was telling you about. # Some of these that have to do with a particular city probably won't apply. in a place uh the size of Houston but I just want to ask them for the record. 533: Okay. Sure. Interviewer: Okay. Do people around here refer to sections of the town like North North Houston North side anything like that? 533: They're they're getting to a little bit of that now with uh with ya know new new editions. Branch banks you know the North Gate Branch. This kind of thing you know and uh But mostly it's not North Houston and South Houston or West Whitton. Around here it's mostly I live South of town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Or North of town. Interviewer: Right. 533: Ya know or out West of town. Or out East of town. I don't know why but around here it's still up North down South out West and out East. Interviewer: Right. 533: And um that's uh I guess maybe that answers it there is. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh are there neighborhoods in Houston that you can identify? uh as wealthy? 533: #1 Sure. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Or less well-to-do? # 533: Sure. Uh we've gotten away from uh from talking about the quarters. Ya know. If you'll pardon the French uh you know I mean back in the old days there was nigger quarters. Ya know? And that's where the black people in town lived. I mean you you know that's where they lived. And of course you know we've upgraded a lot of that. And um there's about three sections uh I mean uh well there's a there's a part of town uh nice housing area uh that a lot of black people live in in the South East part of Houston There's also uh must be twenty-five or thirty new houses. that's uh primarily black. Uh North East of town and then one Northwest. Ya know I say Northwest of town. I mean it's in town but it's in the Northeast quadrant or whatever you know. And one uh down around the middle school down in there. So you know it's it's really not as as divided up as it once was whenever it was ya know uh the quarters. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. Did you say that one area you could identify as well-to-do black? 533: No just well-to-do. Interviewer: Just well. 533: And then some black yeah right. Interviewer: Is there anything like that well-to-do black area? 533: Well uh not really uh A lot of the blacks around here are uh ya know factory workers and all so I mean they're ya know on par as far as uh standard of living with uh a lot of other people now. Uh I was telling you about that song and I don't even remember if it was on tape or not ya know about the why don't we get black together a lot of people get galled if you'll try to figure that one out. It galls me Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: and it galls a lot of people that uh you know some of these um and there's whites that do the same thing But they you know they work in a factory you know. Basic minimum wage Barely making anything you know hundred and twenty-five thirty bucks a week Uh but uh ya know they got house full of younguns. And um They uh the wife draws welfare. The kids get free school lunches. Uh they have a government subsidy house wherein they pay a certain percent of their income for the house payment you know for a hundred and ten years. {NW} I know someone's got a house their payment runs eighteen twenty-two thirty bucks a month you know this kind of stuff. They get assistance from the federal government on their light uh their power bills because you know the power bill is inflation area and nobody can pay it. Uh they also get food stamps. From the welfare department to buy their food and and in many cases uh I'll make a good salary uh here but uh above average for this area. Well above average but uh you go to a grocery store and you see some of these particular groups that I'm speaking of now uh with you know steaks upon steaks upon steaks you know and just gobs of great foods coming out of there you know and and I got the bare minimums. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know and uh I know surely that I must uh think more of my family than they do of theirs because I I try to ya know I spend more time with them and not out in the street. But anyway this uh Interviewer: {X} 533: So Interviewer: Galled is a good adjective. 533: Yeah well it does. It just galls hell out of me if you ya know pardon the French uh but that happens. And this is the same people that I was talking about on taxes awhile ago they ya know Interviewer: Yeah. 533: They're they're not paying uh their fair share of taxes and you know they they ride around they keep their Cadillacs clean and me I gotta you know uh a Grand Prix out there that uh that a black owned before I did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Ya know and it's it's uh rusty and uh nasty and dirty but it's all I can handle man I I can't I can't do like I used to and go buy you know a new Oldsmobile every year. Um back when I was young and dumb and didn't know the difference. But anyway yeah there are there are sections of town that you can tell um you know uh who lives there what type of what category Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh I'm speaking economically. What economic category of people yes. Interviewer: What about re- uh middle class residential areas? 533: Uh there's several of those. Ya know which you would call your middle income Americans. Uh {NS} Uh several of those areas. And you can tell them too. They're nice they're clean they're they're close to the schools ya know this type thing and um um close to the major areas. Interviewer: Could you name off some streets? 533: Well South Wood Subdivision is what one of them started out to be and uh this one started like in the late fifties and early sixties and um it's um on uh basically Starkville Street which is the same street the school is on. Uh the elementary and the high school Not the middle school it's somewhere else the middle school is now what the used to be the black school you know. But um. And uh You know off Starkville Street down Carol Drive which is where {NS} this house was of mine. Interviewer: Right. 533: Um Woodland Circle. Evans Drive. Uh that area. Interviewer: Any that you would call lower class neighborhoods? 533: Well let's see. Yeah right uh Surveyor Street over ya know right in the midst of the factories and things like this you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Um basically though my thinking on that anybody that lives in a place like that now simply does not want to do any better. As my daddy would say they don't give a damn. Interviewer: I see. 533: They just sorry. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Because uh I mean we got twenty something industries in a town of uh in a county of sixteen thousand people. We must have forty industries. Interviewer: How did uh how did that happen? #1 Why is this area industrialized? # 533: #2 Just uh # Just because it's a good area to be from you know what I mean? Interviewer: Was it a cheap labor force? 533: Well yes that and and plenty of it and a good location see highway fifteen runs from one end of the state to the Gulf coast ya know. Runs from Tennessee line and go highway eight goes from uh the Mississippi River to the Alabama line. We got the good railroads here you know? And it's just a it's just a good area. Interviewer: Right. 533: People are willing to work. {NW} For the most part. {NW} The workforce anyway. Is willing to work. So uh you know people that live in those areas uh they just are destined to be there because they wanna be. They they have no desire Interviewer: Mm. 533: Uh either that or just rather spend their money on something besides living. Interviewer: {NW} Is there a black business district? #1 um # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Like 533: No. Not really. No I know what you're talking about like in the delta of Mississippi they have uh there's there's lots of different dis- because you have the Chinamans. Over there you know as they call 'em. And you'll have the Chinamans area and then you'll have the um Uh the black area where you know the blacks go and buy and the blacks run the stores you know? And you'll have the the middle class and then you'll also have some places uh some of the Eisenbergs and Rosenbergs and things like that where you know a plantation owner's wife buys her stuff. {NW} But around here you don't have much of that. Uh very few black businesses Uh at all. And even so they're small. There's some independent contractors and things like this around here but you know as far as black business Zero. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know or almost nil anyway. Interviewer: We've been talking mostly in terms of black and white. Are there any other ethnic groups at all? 533: Not not right here. In in Northeast Mississippi. Now a few miles South of here you got Choctaw Indians. But that's basically reservation and as I said over in the delta you got you know some you know Chinese. You know and this kind of thing. And uh the further South you go you get you know a few Spaniards. Uh you know a few French. But around here it's basically black and white. Really is. And we get along just fine. Everybody around here gets along fine. The blacks and whites. The only time there's ever a problem is whenever some glory-seeking idiot comes in from somewhere else. And uh you know and creates something. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Uh there's a big smell going on now in the town of Tupelo that started out because two policemen over there were accused of beating a black man while he was in jail. Okay. Well beating a man while he was in jail. First they didn't even tell he was a black. Personally I've got nothing against that. Because if my brother or my daddy gets drunk and goes out somewhere and raises hell which they won't because if they do I'll beat their brains out. But I mean uh if they did and then if somebody took 'em to jail trying to restore order and treat 'em like a human being and they continue to disobey and raise hell slap him naked. And straighten him out. That's what he would do to me. And uh So anyway but anyway this thing started you know and so the blacks started protesting The blacks in Tupelo did not protest. Your big wigs came in from somewhere else. It goes back just like it was in the in the um Civil War days to an extent you got the the scalawags you know all this you know. So the big wigs they come in They drive their Lincoln Continentals down you know from wherever. Or up from wherever. And they start you know poking the fingers and such Hey look what he did to my brother ya know and they get out making speeches and uh and so uh after that they you know they they were saying they were protesting because they wanted the men removed from the police force. Period. Okay? So cool man they moved him from the police force and put him on the fire department. So next they started raising hell about get him off the city pay roll. So they got 'em off the city pay roll. Put the two guys out of business. Put 'em out in the street. I mean I don't know ran 'em off. Whatever they did. So then after they accomplished that the blacks are still protesting and when you say why they say uh it's an economic boycott. We want more blacks hired in this area. Well I challenge you to go look and count it up and it's uh basically thirty percent black area and it'll probably figure better than thirty percent. and plummet. And uh and the people hire blacks every day and just like they do whites there's blacks and whites both and and they they'll work a couple of weeks and quit. Just long enough to draw unemployment. Or to say well I tried to work over at {D: Boy} but I just couldn't do that ya know? And uh they you know just {NS} Like that and so now they're they're protesting uh something else I can't even think now what it is. Interviewer: #1 There was something to do with the Klan you know # 533: #2 But it # Well okay but see. See the Klan see the Klan has to show their face see. To save face you know I mean this is the South ya know and hey whoopee whoopee ya know So the Klan comes in and burns a cross and they have a peaceful meeting but it's not ya know the Klan around here ya know I don't know a soul that's in the Klan. And I know everybody. Around here. And I I do not know one that is in the Klan and I know that if a lot of them that if they were I'd know about it. But I don't know anybody that is specifically I mean any of my you might say neighbors you know I'd say within a in a five or ten mile area that are Klan members but the Klan men that came were from Louisiana. The Imperial Wizard see. He came from Louisiana. And he raises you know hell over here. Ya know? {X} No problem. No trouble. It's a peaceful you know protest. But none the less he's there see and it makes us all look like dummies to the rest of the world. And these uh the black group that came in they're not from here. They are not from here they've come here from somewhere else. And okay these uh and and a lot of it is personal economics. Because For- you know Ford Foundation and people like this give money to to the United League of North Mississippi to promote better racial relationships. Okay? But and I I you know I can't document this and if you ever print this you know I'd be in jail I'm sure. Interviewer: Don't worry 'bout it. 533: But I mean uh we're just talking you know buddies here {NW} These guys are gonna take a lot of that money and go buy that Lincoln Continental with. They're getting all the publicity. You know this one spokesman and I'm not just speaking of the case in Tupelo I'm speaking of any case you wanna talk about of this nature that has happened around here. Okay? One somebody gets all the publicity. Just like {NS} You know? He gets all the publicity. Uh we had it happen uh back in uh the early sixties whenever uh uh a gentleman by the name of {NS} I don't even remember now. I was just a kid then. But anyway he died. Fighting for Civil Rights. Whether or not he was uh shot by a policeman I don't know. But if he was shot by a policeman you can bet that he probably just threw a bomb into somebody's store you know? But anyway his brother {NS} jumped on the bandwagon. And uh you know just uh you know leading the protest marches and all this stuff and all this stuff just kept on and on and all time {NS} was in the news for about seven or eight years there. Every day. Every time you turned around. Well he was elected the first black mayor in Mississippi in the town of Fayette. The city of Fayette which is a uh a Houston would make it look like a you know a big fat zero because ya know it's nothing there. I mean it's it's like Vardaman. Ya know it's maybe six hundred maybe a thousand people okay? Maybe. {NW} And it's in a solid black area. There may be five ten percent whites there. Just roughly guessing. I've driven through it once. But now see {NS} was a nobody at the time that he started riding the waves of fame and protest but now he he's the mayor of the town he owns the shopping center the car wash the service station. I'm talking about the main ones. The hotel. Okay? Interviewer: Goodness gracious. 533: And ya know it's his. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And not to mention I don't know what else you know. There's something else there. Like a community center. That he owns. See? Okay he owns all of this. He's run for governor. He' has run for representative he's run for this. Because he got all of this free publicity. And this is what I told a black guy a friend of mine the other day. I said you watch I said you and I will live long enough to see these dudes over here do the same thing. See. National exposure man. You couldn't ask for it better. I mean it's just like Ted Kennedy. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Now he don't have to do anything good or bad and even if he does it'll be overlooked because he's a Kennedy and it's the same way with this type thing down here. To me that's all it is because we all can work out our problems by ourselves. Nobody goes out treating anybody bad. Uh I mean your civil rights stop when you infringe upon mine. And uh I mean uh that's just the way I look at it. And uh I I'm I'm a redneck basically. Uh I think that if if Ya know it it caused national they'd called the National Guard in and and uh President Carter probably come down and give us {D: one of them there} speeches like he does ya know? Interviewer: {NW} 533: Jimmy Carter? Interviewer: {NW} 533: Um Interviewer: {NW} 533: But if you just go over there with about five twelve gauge shotguns and just line yourself around the city and shoot out in the crowd and probably hurt nobody but by God everybody'd go home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And you wouldn't have any more protest. Anyway I believe in an eye for an eye you know Interviewer: Yeah. 533: I think that uh I believe maybe it was Thomas Jefferson that said uh {NW} You'll you'll lose the whole thing whenever you start sacrificing liberty for justice. #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 I think the whole system # could stand to help inject #1 some common sense # 533: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Well I do too ya know we got too many judges up there. And I'm not knocking them just because they're eighty-five years old but I don't think any one man in any capacity except Jesus Christ and he's not a man anymore has uh should be able to say okay ya know everybody in Georgia Alabama and Mississippi you can't do this because I say so The president can't override it the ya know the congress won't or can't Uh I just don't like it. And uh because of things like that are going on around here now we find our find ourselves under a bunch of crazy laws of the civil rights act as enacted in nineteen sixty-four that you know Like Pontiac, Michigan you remember the the fracas they had up there a few years ago about busing? You know and making the blacks go to the white schools and whites go to the black schools? We were sitting down here going God #1 What's the big problem you know? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 Y'all came down here and laughed at us you know? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 John Chancellor came to Greenwood, Mississippi you know and made a big deal # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: you know and you came down here and and and and dug up our graveyards #1 Just to make prove point you know? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah. 533: And I said hey we're fine and y'all are up there protesting you know? #1 Eh so you know it it was funny and it still is funny you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: to think that those people have shoved it right down our epiglottis you know and and uh and then they're up there thinking {X} Interviewer: {NW} {X} 533: That's the only difference. Interviewer: Alright. Uh 533: But uh how in the world did we get off on that? Interviewer: {NW} 533: We got off on #1 the uh ethnic groups # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Right. # The neighborhood. Well what about the the oldest businesses? Where are they located? 533: Yeah you mean in Houston? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Uh well you know you've had a generation turnover. Uh in the last ten years. But the the oldest businesses are basically located in still in downtown Houston. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Ya know. Downtown. Because we hadn't yet uh mall-ized. Ya know? Larry Gross had a song. We've Been Mall-ed. You know? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Uh well we hadn't been malled around here yet so Interviewer: I see. 533: So it's basically still downtown. Around. On the square. See the courthouse is on the square and they call it the court square. And uh you know kids on on the weekends they ride around the square you know? Interviewer: Right. 533: Um it's kinda like sun riding down the strip you know? And uh so it's basically {X} oriented around downtown. Interviewer: You said that's where the banks are located too? 533: Mm-hmm. Right. Main banks. You're uh drug stores you know this kind of thing. They're all. We got. What? Three corner drug stores in town you know? The old corner drug store. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. We'll just let this tape #1 run and we'll call # 533: #2 yeah # Interviewer: {X} 533: #1 Doesn't matter. Don't matter. Don't matter. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Uh What uh are there any kind of local landmarks around here with any historical significance? 533: Well there are there are quite a few and for some reason uh we haven't had the foresight or even the hindsight in a lot of situations to uh to captivate an audience with them uh ya know there's Indian mounds around here. Uh Hernando de Soto's men uh when they were coming across uh to discover the Mississippi and all uh you know they spent the night up here you know uh well matter of fact I own a piece of land where some of them are buried you know one that died. You can dig down in the ground you know and find the uh you know the old pieces of metal and stuff. Interviewer: These mounds on private property? 533: Uh there are some mounds on private property around here but the particular ones that I'm talking about now are in the hands of the Federal government on the Natchez Trace Parkway And they're just there's just a sign there see they don't really promote it you know. Uh it's just there. Interviewer: Nothing like you ever been to Moundville, Alabama? 533: Mm-hmm. And uh there's some in Tennessee also. Ya know it's a big deal you know and private enterprise all around you know selling Davy Crockett hats and uh you know arrow heads really you know? Interviewer: {NW} 533: #1 Well but I mean, but that's you know free enterprise # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: that's that's the way it oughta be. Um Andrew Jackson when he was coming to fight the Battle of New Orleans or New Orleans Interviewer: Right 533: as they sing it in the song uh spent the night in a brick hut that was built by the Indians about eight miles through the woods up here. In the northeast. Northeast of where we are right now. And everybody knows it. And there's a natural spring there. Part of the old brick hut see back then the one of the presidents or somebody sent a some men down to teach Indians how to make bricks Interviewer: Hmm. 533: And the uh Chickasaws were the first some of the first ones to catch on and and to do this and they built a place there and that's where Jackson stayed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And uh you know Eh I could get my boss to run ya up there and show it to you. A matter of fact it was on uh it's you know a few hundred yards behind where he grew up. And uh it's on more or less on the old Natchez Trace. You know the old horse trail Natchez Trace. But uh nobody's really captivated on 'em. Ya know I guess If that answers your question that gives you both a yes and a no I guess. I sound like a political lawyer. Interviewer: {NW} 533: But um Interviewer: Any parks around here? 533: Um. State Parks? No not right in this area. Mm-mm. Interviewer: Say if an airplane were going to make a landing around here. Where would it land? 533: Now we have a we have a nice airport for a small town like Houston. Houston Municipal Airport. Three thousand foot runway. It can handle a Lear jet if the Lear jet uh pilot knows what he's doing real well. Matter of fact one has landed out there before. Uh Tupelo has uh got a pretty fair airport but it's uh they run commercial flights in there but it's a non-controlled field. which well that means that they don't have a control tower. Interviewer: Oh. 533: Eh? Interviewer: Mm. I didn't know that was done. 533: What? #1 Non-controlled field? Yup. Yes sir it sure is. # Interviewer: #2 Non-controlled. # 533: #1 Columbus # Interviewer: #2 Landing directions or anything? # 533: Well yeah you know you can say ya know Tupelo UNICOM Interviewer: #1 UNICOM? # 533: #2 Yeah. You know. When I fly # You know I say Tupelo UNICOM Cessna one six five nine Quebec uh five miles out uh twenty-five hundred feet. Uh you know uh give me an advisory. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And a guy'll come back on {NW} Uh ain't no other planes 'round here. You alright. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 We using three. You know and uh # But it's modern. I mean you know it's it's modern to the extent that I mean I'm not uh meaning to make it sound like it's backward because it's it's super modern it's beautiful it's nice but it's just a non-controlled air field. It does not have a control tower. Columbus does. But uh you come up here and uh you can call Memphis uh after about ten or fifteen miles be on Memphis radar see. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know. So anyway but they can land in Houston I mean you know if you wanted to bring over a bunch of business men. You know no problem. They come in here all the time. Interviewer: I got an airplane story I'll have to tell you. 533: Uh. Interviewer: Uh if you were coming into say uh Jackson, Mississippi 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you probably be traveling on? 533: Uh from here or the Natchez Trace? See the Natchez Trace went straight into Jackson It's uh you know you can catch it about four miles out of town here. Or you can go south thirteen miles and catch it again because it runs south for a while and then east for a while. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And I mean south awhile and west awhile. But I can go down I go down the Trace. Interviewer: What would you call something like fifty-five? 533: Uh. The interstate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: The interstate. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh ya know so-and-so went to Memphis. How'd y'all go? On the interstate. Because that's the only one. Right. 533: Um There's a lot of them over here that oughta be. Highway forty-five should be. Highway fifteen should be. It goes from uh you can get on this highway right out here and go to Jackson, Tennessee in two hours. Ya know? Or I can make it a little faster than that. But ya know I'm not supposed to. Uh and it runs to Gulfport, Mississippi. Hell it oughta be a thoroughfare it oughta be a four-lane you know? And it would be parallel to fifty-five. Take some of the load off that. Highway eight runs from the Alabama line to the Mississippi River. It you know really uh the only other one uh you got you know twenty down around Jackson you know and you got forty-nine at Vicks uh Pattysburg and fifty-nine at Meridian and things like this but around here it's the interstate you know? Fifty-five that's what you're talking about. Interviewer: You ever hear people say superhighway? 533: No. Or turnpike. No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Never do. I heard an old black lady one time call highway eight interstate eight. You know Interviewer: {NW} Whatever. 533: Ya know because I thought interstate was a four-lane ya know? Interviewer: Right. 533: There was an old guy and his name was Eddie Conettus and uh oh his his term was like when uh you know say some federal commissioner or somebody that you knew had gotten to be such a uh high faluter you know that that you never saw him anymore or that you know he wouldn't drive out to your house because you lived on a rock road and he had a Cadillac. He'd say hell he's done gone four-lane. you know. Interviewer: {NW} Right. 533: But he's the only guy I ever heard use that. Interviewer: Sure. What would you call a place along an interstate where you could stop and rest maybe go to the bathroom? 533: Mm. Rest stop. Picnic area. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Is there a 533: Now a a road like that goes out to my mother and daddy's house they live on a on a gravel road. Rock road. dirt road actually is what we call it. Live on a dirt road. Uh but For instance the the road between here and Thorn is called a blacktop. It's a blacktop road. Actually what it is it's a paved road you know. It looks just like a highway only it's uh what they call actually uh the the legal definition is a low road. In other words a low weight limit on it ya know. Uh you know uh you can't not what you would call commercial. That's a farm-to-market road. That would be the term. That they'd use. You know. Everywhere in the southeast. Interviewer: Right. 533: Farm-to-market road. But uh we call it blacktop road. You know. We used to ride our bikes and mom would holler don't y'all get out on the blacktop. Ya know? Interviewer: Are there places in Mississippi when you cross the state line there may be a place where you could stop. Get tourist information. 533: #1 No. No. # Interviewer: #2 That kind of thing. # 533: Mm-mm. No sir. Uh there's uh usually a sign and one picnic table and a garbage can. You know it says welcome to Mississippi. Mississippi welcomes you. You know uh Alabama's not much different. They got one that says George Wallace smiling up there you know it says George Wallace welcomes you to Alabama. Interviewer: {X} 533: I think George Wallace is a great man. He's uh he he's matured a lot. And um he's a good politician. #1 You feel like # Interviewer: #2 I was wondering if he was gonna run for senator. # 533: Uh you know what he could have done it would really it would have turned a lot of wheels I was thinking maybe and really in the back of my mind hoping that he would uh appoint himself to fill that unexpired term which would make Jere Beasley governor and save him a lot of sweat. and all of this running see it'll make him a shoo-in for the you know. But anyway that's that's in another statement. Interviewer: Think he's already pointed out why. 533: Uh right uh-huh right well that's I guess kind of a courtesy. You know she wanted it. He more or less had to. Interviewer: What so you don't have things #1 signs? # 533: #2 No. Tourist information center? # No. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a welcome station? 533: Only in Texas. {NW} Uh Tennessee has uh Tennessee information. Ya know. Whenever you cross a line there they got 'em you know? But around here? No. Interviewer: Okay. What about the things that're painted right down the middle of the road to keep you in your own lane? 533: Stripes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Center stripe. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now say I'm on an #1 interstate # 533: #2 or yellow line. # Interviewer: Yellow line? 533: Yeah. {NW} Don't get across the yellow line. Interviewer: Do not cross the line right? The center line? #1 Or whatever. # 533: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: What about say on the interstate when you've got uh traffic flowing in both directions? Maybe you've got oh uh concrete sort of thing in the middle or grass or some sort of metal? #1 Steel? What would you call that sort of thing? # 533: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: #1 Right smack # 533: #2 What the uh part in the middle? # Uh median. Ya know. Um Like I said around here people weren't associated with that kind of thing. For you know median you just saw it on the sign said well that's a median you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 533: Um Boulevard never used around here. You know the word boulevard. Interviewer: Does that mean anything at all to you? 533: Well it does uh since uh you know in my lifetime I've been to New Orleans I've been to Hollywood I've seen what a boulevard is you know uh But you know I just done call it a street hell it's a street I mean you know uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Um Interviewer: What exactly is a boulevard in uh 533: #1 Oh to my my conception of a boulevard? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # 533: A wide street with something in the middle. You know what I mean? Uh Interviewer: Sure. 533: You know like a What's the street? Well St. Charles. New Orleans. You know they got the trolley in the middle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And to me uh that's that was a boulevard. You know something in the middle. A lot of times it's dressed up a little bit. Interviewer: Well say if you were driving along the interstate and you have to get some gas or something like that what do you call the thing that you get off the interstate on? Auxiliary: By golly! Interviewer: You swing off #1 to the right. # 533: #2 Oh exit? # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh just you know an exit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: A lot of people call it ramps. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Off-ramps. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: That's a that's a little bit more four-lane term I guess. Interviewer: Okay. 533: {X} Interviewer: And what about getting back on? 533: Just entrance. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um are there any streets in town that you can only get on or get off in a particular place? Uh that traffic flows only one direction down? 533: No. No. {NS} Uh because of the fact that eight and fifteen are two major thoroughfares and they cross in downtown Houston they they pretty well keep traffic flowing in all directions see because because of that. Now Calhoun City {NW} and Bruce, Mississippi is two cities two towns over in Calhoun County on their court square you can only go one direction. You come up you know and there's a stop sign and you gotta go all the way around if you're coming to the store right here on you left see. Interviewer: Right. 533: That's crazy. {NW} Interviewer: What are the main streets in town? Well highway fifteen is uh Jackson Street. North Jackson and South Jackson and the north and south designation starts at highway eight which is Madison. Mm-hmm. 533: You know it goes east and west and fifteen goes or Jackson goes you know north and south Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And uh they're uh basically around here it's you know uh Jackson and Madison are the two main drags. You got Jefferson and Monroe. Uh then on down you got Huddleston. I don't know where they got that. He wasn't a president. And uh Pontotoc Street. Um then on out now that we've expanded you've got Westpoint Road. Uh Old Highway Three Eighty-Nine South. You know. Which even before that was Old Highway Fifteen South. Interviewer: Mm. 533: And that's a shortcut to Westpoint. Old Highway Eight uh runs out through the country. They call it Aberdeen Road. Because used to that was the way you went to Aberdeen. Um It's a. But Jackson and Madison are your main your main drags. Interviewer: Uh. 533: And Jefferson. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about some of the streets in your neighborhood? 533: Uh what do you mean the names of them? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Well you know there's typical stuff. Walker Drive. Uh Carol Drive uh. Woodland Circle. Um Evans Drive. You've got uh Bell Fountain Street. You know things like this. Just typical stuff. And the other the other residential areas uh it's about the same way. You know. You got Oak Lane drive. Meadow Lane. Um Hillcrest Drive. Susan Drive. Which was named after uh the guy that owned the land originally. His daughter no doubt. Interviewer: Right. 533: And uh you just you don't have any uh Escatawpa Boulevards. Or anything like that around here you know. Stone Mountain Road. Interviewer: Right. I doubt if you have a place like this around here but in some towns uh a place you have a railroad you wanna cross. 533: Mm. Interviewer: So maybe you have the tracks going over the streets so you could go right on through. Did you ever heard that called anything in particular? 533: Trestle. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Mm-hmm. Trestle. Uh {C: tape distorted} The uh railroad trestle was usually um around here it's like a bridge. The railroad {C: tape distorted} you know is a bridge in itself. You know and it goes over a creek or something you know. {C: tape distorted} We used to play down around {C: tape distorted} you know the trestle. {C: tape distorted} Interviewer: Right. Does overpass underpass? 533: #1 Uh underpass # Interviewer: #2 uh mean # Interviewer: How're we doing here. 533: Hey test one two three four five six seven eight nine One two three four {X} It does that sometimes. I don't know why. But it some of these mics pick up a little Interviewer: Okay well we were you were distinguishing for me yesterday between 533: Hold on a second. Yeah. {X} Month or two ago and he told me that whenever he was a kid in grammar school that word was difficulties {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: You mean difficulties? 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Difficulties. 533: Mm-hmm Difficulties. {C: pronunciation} And instead of English they studied elocution. Interviewer: Ah. 533: You know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: So you know a lot of times we we use words like it around here you know listen hey you having some kind of diff- difficulty {C: pronunciation} you know? Interviewer: Right. {NW} Well my grandmother says that you know severe pain down here you call that an attack of. If you have your appendix out you might have an attack of. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Oh you know. Sure if somebody had their appendix out they might have had an attack of? 533: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Oh yeah. Interviewer: My grandmother said it was used to be quite normal. Quite uh common to call it pronounce it appendicitis. #1 You ever heard of that? # 533: #2 Mm. No. # Where was she from though? Interviewer: Alabama. 533: Yeah? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Everything's different in Alabama though. Interviewer: {NW} 533: It's a nice night for a {X} #1 You know? # Interviewer: #2 Right. Okay. # 533: Anyway what what were we doing? Interviewer: You were distinguishing between overpass underpass and viaduct. 533: Oh yeah. Well like I like I was saying. Around here you know you tell a guy if he says where's the uh Chevrolet dealership you say well you go down to the to the stoplight. Well they say red light. Go down to the red light. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh you know it's also green and yellow but everybody calls it a red light. You go to the red light. Intersection eight and fifteen and uh go under one more red light. Then you'll go past. You'll go under the underpass. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And uh that's that's what it is around here. It's an underpass. Viaducts is not used that much. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: In news stories it might be but uh Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Uh kinda like a communique you know people wouldn't know what you were talking about You know if you's at a news conference uh it'd be different you know? Interviewer: Right. True. 533: Press release. Interviewer: Okay. We're talking about driving and cars in general. Could you tell me about some different types of parking that you do with a car? 533: Well uh basically just a {NW} parallel parking. You know and um and I don't even know what you would call the other regular parking. Pull in and park next to the curb you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: #1 Does that all. With the curb right. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 So parking with the curb where you parked would be parallel. # 533: Right. Interviewer: Say in a shopping center where the stripes are kind of set at an #1 angle? # 533: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: Have you ever heard any name for that kind of parking? Where you just have to swing it in. 533: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Not straight on? # 533: Yeah I know what you're talking about. Where they if you're driving this way they're pointing this way? No. Interviewer: Angle parking or 533: No. Never had a name. Just just parking place. Interviewer: Mm. Okay. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about perpendicular with the curb? You just come right on in. Any particular name for 533: No. I've I've never had the occasion to park that way. No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Let's say uh a place maybe in a larger town where you could park your car uh for a fee. You usually have to go up several levels 533: Oh yeah. Interviewer: leave it there. 533: Uh just a parking lot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Even though it's a building? 533: Right. Interviewer: Multi-level. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Ever heard parking deck or ramp or 533: #1 No. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #2 garage? # 533: Other than when I read it on the sign you know. Deck three. This kind of thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would you call a a a very large office building? In a city? Maybe like Jackson or Nashville. Some place like that. One extremely tall. Anything in general? 533: Well there's not enough of of that type thing uh in this neck of the woods to use the word skyscraper so it's just generally you know an office building. The Sillers Building the the Jefferson building you know the Wilson building. This kind of thing. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you ever call a very large apartment building a skyscraper? 533: No. I don't think so. I when I think of sky scrapers I think of New York you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: Um Hollywood really doesn't have I mean uh Los Angeles doesn't have that many Interviewer: Right. 533: sky scrapers. Now Dallas you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: But but still that {NW} that's uh Interviewer: Not common. 533: Not not common. Not a common word. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you have any kind of general name for a very large apartment building? 533: Well uh Condominium. Everybody I think pretty much knows what that is. Um. Condominium uh in a sense. But to give you an idea. I know these two old gentlemen and one of 'em had never been out of the c- one of them's really not that old I mean uh Maurice was. They live in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi. He's about sixty now. But for a long time he'd never been out of the county you know. And he and this guy named {B} who had a son named {B} but anyway Interviewer: Oh no. 533: Uh yeah. And everybody just called him Hickey. Uh hey Hickey. Well anyway #1 they they were # Interviewer: #2 Thought they were girls. # 533: Yeah right? No they were too tall and ugly. But uh they uh these two gentlemen were going to um going to Jackson Mississippi one time and I the best I remember it was to see a friend of theirs that was in the hospital or something you know and so they got on the road and took out you know driving about twenty-five miles an hour you know. Took 'em all day long and all this kind of thing and they'd never been anywhere and neither one of them had ever been there. And so they had you know rode and rode and rode. And finally one of them said by golly I think we done passed Jackson. You know well anyway so there was this little black kid on the road about fifteen years old you know. They pulled over and stopped and you know rolled down the window and said hey boy you tell us where Jackson's at. He said yes sir say it'd be about thirty-five mile back yonder way you done gone past it. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And he looked out he looked across the car and he said hell I told you we done went past Jackson I told you I saw the Empire State Building. Interviewer: {NW} 533: #1 You know. And they were serious man just just serious as cancer. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh that's great. 533: But uh you know apartment building. Office building. You know parking lot uh we probably leave the I-N-G off parking lot. You know. Parking lot. But um basically that's it you know uh Interviewer: What about high rise? 533: No. Interviewer: Don't use that. 533: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. A passageway between office buildings downtown you just call that 533: Alley. An alley. Interviewer: And what about a place in town maybe where a building's been demolished or burned and nothing's uh replaced it? 533: Uh just a vacant lot. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Mm-hmm. Vacant lot. Interviewer: Could you have something like that in a residential area? maybe a place where nothing's ever been built? 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Where kids might play? 533: Yeah. Still considered just a vacant lot. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Say if you were in a public building like the courthouse and you were thirsty. You wanted a drink of water? 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You would get that where? 533: The water fountain. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you call it the same thing if it were out in the open? Like in a park? 533: Oh yeah. Mm-hmm. Same thing. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what about some different names in general for as many kinds of cars and trucks that you know about? Nothing specific like Ford or Chevrolet but 533: You know like sizes? Interviewer: Yeah. or 533: You know like flatbed. Half-tons. Mm-hmm. Uh Four-bys. Stuff like that? Um. Generally. Probably uh some areas of the state are are of this state are more influenced by uh national advertising. You know than than what you might think. Uh some of your older people would use words like you know uh four-bys and stuff like that. But you know it's four wheel drive. You know. Or well of course a four-by or a six-by is you know a big truck you know. Like a national guard thing. Interviewer: Four-by? 533: Uh you know a four Interviewer: Four wheel drive? I'm not familiar with that term. 533: Well uh it that has been used you know. In other words you know a four-by-four. You know some people call 'em that. But uh generally I think that term uh like a four-by or a six-by uh deals with you know like I said like an army vehicle. You know with uh front wheel drive you know six wheels you know to haul soldiers. Uh a flatbed would be um for instance a pickup or well a little bit bigger than a pickup like a ton-sized truck. What they call a ton truck. With just a flat bed. With just a plank bed that you would haul your potatoes or whatever on you know or your hay. You wouldn't have any side planks or frame on the on the back part you know? And uh Uh one with uh a beam bed on it you know uh uh a metal bed to haul your soy beans to the mill that'd just be called a bean truck. You know. If you say bean truck everybody knows what you're talking about. Uh a bob truck um is a is another thing. Uh a lot of people call a bob truck a like a tractor. You know a tractor trailer rig without the trailer. You know {X} driving a bob truck. Bobbed truck. Runaround bobtail. And uh I I guess that's about all you know of course there's jeeps and things like that but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know? Interviewer: What about these uh little trucks that you see more of nowadays that the drugstore or some sort of they might use it 533: Mm. Like a delivery truck. Yeah. This this'd be a delivery truck. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You wouldn't call it a courier or anything like that I don't believe or a dray. Just a uh dray would actually be what it is you know in technical terms but uh in a sense. But um just a delivery truck. Delivery wagon. Interviewer: Sayings that are pretty popular {NS} 533: Watch the chair. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. That uh. Well people have them customized. They 533: Mm. Yeah. Like a van? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah. Just a van. You know. Bobby Lee got him a new van. No kidding. What's it look like? You know well it cost fourteen thousand dollars so you know it's pretty sharp you know. Interviewer: Yeah right. 533: Ridiculous. Interviewer: Is there any difference between a van and a panel truck? 533: Well panel truck was the old connotation. I used to call 'em panel trucks. But that was uh back when uh Chevrolet and G-M-C used to make well Ford made some too back in fifty-three and fifty-four you know. And um um it was the same idea as a van. You know of course it would the roof uh the ceiling had no uh headliner in it you know. It was just a big hot hole. Interviewer: Mm. 533: It was hell to ride in too I tell ya. Uh my uncle had one. It was just his old panel wagon. You know. Panel truck. Panel wagon. And uh. No. I don't think uh anybody would call it a panel truck anymore. I think if you said panel truck now uh I doubt if anybody'd even know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Now ten years ago they would have. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: But you know not now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about general types of cars? Like maybe according to the how many doors it has or 533: Well uh it's I think now uh I mean just in my association out uh talking to people you know it's four door. You know uh not so much as who I believe my wife asked me what a sedan was Interviewer: Yeah. 533: the other day. Uh somebody was advertising something like uh you know they put all these garbage advertisements you know buy a a Grenada Ford. You know sedan model of this that and the other for forty-two hundred dollars you know? You go to the Ford place down here and it's seventy-three hundred you know because they happen to put hubcaps wheels and wind shields on it you know? Wipers and seats. But anyway um she said uh and sh- my wife is very plain spoken she'll just come right out and say What the hell is a sedan anyway? You know she just uh she talks real soft you can't hardly hear her. And I got to trying to explain what a sedan was and I've realized that maybe I wasn't really sure that I knew. But uh it's a four door. It we don't talk about hard tops so much anymore. Um you know the hard top model. The no post in the window model you know? Interviewer: Right. 533: It's um it's a four door Ford. Or a four door Chevy or uh you know an Olds or whatever. You know. Interviewer: Mm. Yeah. 533: And uh Interviewer: You ever see the type of car that you could uh you know lift the top all the way back? 533: Um yeah let me see what you're not talking about a convertible you're talking about like uh that Ford Crown Victoria they had in fifty-seven that had the hard top on it but you could take that hard top off. Is that what you're talking about? Interviewer: I was really talking about a convertible. 533: Oh a convertible? Yeah. Interviewer: Sounds interesting. 533: Oh. #1 Yeah you know uh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # convertible crown? 533: Yeah it was it was a hard hard top convertible is what it was. It had a real um hard sh- hard shell top on it kinda like a Corvette but you could take that top off you know. And I believe it was a Ford Crown Victoria. Something and other. Funky color. It was a pea green and black you know. That kind of stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: They made a couple in fifty-eight and a very few in fifty-nine. Um that had a name too but I can't remember. For the life of me I don't know what {NW} Interviewer: Well what about a car that's uh good for large families? #1 It has the tailgate. # 533: #2 Mm. # Now wagon. Station wagon. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any slang names? Or joking uh derogatory names for very large uh expensive maybe pretentious automobiles? 533: Uh douche wagon. You mean something like that you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Uh Interviewer: Why would it be called that? 533: Be- well I think basically because it uh I heard that from a guy in Nebraska. Never heard that around here. I have a friend of mine. Nebraskan. And um you know it's got everything in it but a douche bag. You know? That was his you know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 calling it the douche wagon. Uh # Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh not really. You know just big shots. Big shot cars and things like that. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Anything that # maybe that had anything to do with the energy crisis the fact those things burn a lot of gas? 533: Oh hog. Gas hog. You know. Sweat hog. Uh sweat hog though is when there's no air conditioner. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh but you know. Gas hog. Gas drinking. You know. Interviewer: Pimp mobile. 533: Well you don't hear that too much. You might hear it in uh you know some circles but not too much. But that's uh there's a lot of pimp mobiles around when you get to talking about the caddies with the uh or the deuce and a quarters. Which is a Buick electric two twenty-five for all you dealers out there. uh You know with the extra heavy padded uh what do you call it vinyl top you know and uh coon tails hanging from it you know and Interviewer: White sidewalls. 533: You know the yeah the fourteen inch white sidewall tires you can't see the hubcaps. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And you know fourteen antennas hanging off of it you know and no radio whatsoever in it. #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Say if uh you were flying in to to Jackson. What about some transportation that you might get from the airport? 533: You'd have to get a lease car. um Rent a car. Lease car. Probably probably rent a car. Interviewer: Any kind of transportation that the airport might provide? 533: Well uh limousine service. Shuttle service. Uh which a lot of people call scuttle service {D: by the time they bounce there} Interviewer: Right. 533: But uh but a limousine service. And uh the first time I ever used a limousine service I thought you know there's limousine service available to the uh Conrad Hilton you know? And I thought damn I'm not gonna ride a limousine. It costs fifty bucks. You know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 533: But um no I'm sorry wasn't in {NW} Conrad Hilton it was in uh uh Hollywood Florida but that's where I thought you know because all these people getting off you know they had on forty-nine ninety-five neck ties you know? And there I was and uh course I was doing my best to look the part but um when I they said limousine I thought jeez you know. You know Aldo Moro is gonna come by and pick us up you know? Uh but it was a it was a panel wagon I mean you know it was a van and you know we got in there and {NW} sound Interviewer: Right. 533: But uh limousine service. You know. Uh I thought you were talking about you know if if you had to land in Jackson and drive to Vicksburg or something like that you know. Interviewer: Mm. 533: Be more or less of a rental car. Interviewer: Okay. What about kinds of uh. Do you have any public transportation here like that? 533: No. Not here. Um they have gotten some in some parts. Tupelo and over there have the Lee county transit authority but uh uh Jackson is not even uh as heavy with it as places like Memphis you know. City bus lines and things like this you know. Just catch a bus. {C: thump} Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. I have some parts of a car. What would you call the {NW} where you have all the instruments of your car like speedometer uh #1 Clock. Whatever else. # 533: #2 Well # instrument panel's probably the right word. But it's a dashboard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Dashboard. You got a dashboard and a floor board. Now a lot of this stuff uh you won't find out of a lot of people around here. More as much as you will me because like I said it uh lot of people you know grew up closer to town than I did but it's a dashboard and a floorboard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh my dad used to tell me keep your feet off the dashboard. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 You know. # And if I say dashboard now my kids get to looking for a plank in the floor you know? uh Interviewer: What about the thing usually all the way up on the right that uh has a little latch or lock? Put things in it? 533: Oh. Interviewer: Maps or #1 something # 533: #2 car pocket. # Interviewer: Mm. 533: Glove compartment. Interviewer: You ever keep gloves in it? 533: No. Interviewer: Okay. 533: I never owned but one pair of gloves. And that's when I had a dune buggy you know? Interviewer: Right. 533: Um {NS} car pocket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And uh the part that you put the spare tire in back there where it came from I don't know but a lot of people call that a turtle. Interviewer: A turtle? 533: A turtle in the turtle of the car. Interviewer: Heard it called a cooter hole? 533: No. Never heard it called a cooter hole. Heard of Cooter Brown. Interviewer: A what? 533: Cooter Brown. You know Drunken Cooter Brown. It's just an old saying you know. Interviewer: Ah. 533: I saw Jane Lee uptown and someone's drunker than Cooter Brown you know Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh Interviewer: {X} get drunk? 533: Yeah just slap-legged knee-slapping you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Rubber-legged. Interviewer: Right. 533: But uh yeah they call that a turtle. Interviewer: Alright. 533: Man you know it's a trunk. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Uh li- what a what #1 what do the other people # Interviewer: #2 There's something going there because # cooter hole a lot of people use the word cooter to mean turtle. 533: {X} I don't know. No I we called it a turtle until I was you know half-grown. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah keep it in the turtle of the car. And everybody knew what you was talking about you know? And I got to thinking one day why why are you calling it a turtle? I guess because it's the part that's always behind. You know dragging along behind. But a trunk. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. 533: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about the thing that you press down to make the car go faster? 533: Gas pedal. Accelerator. But gas pedal basically. Interviewer: And the thing up on the column that you use to change gears? 533: Shift. Interviewer: Would it make any difference what you called it if it were say in the floor 533: Mm not really. Just uh might change the connotation a little bit. Stick you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Move the stick to the D position. But um shift lever. Interviewer: Okay. What about these things. I don't know if you have any in town but sometimes around parking lots. These little elevated things that force you to slow down otherwise you'll shake 533: Speed breakers. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah we used to have a lot of fun taking those up. Interviewer: Oh really? 533: Yeah you know. Interviewer: You mean for a prank? 533: Uh well just because uh well this was back in the days when I was sixteen or seventeen. Paying for my own car. Paying the insurance. Trying to keep the wheels lined. You know and the tires on it that I spun off. People don't peel off like they used to and squeal off like they used to. You know? For good reason. I was looking at a brand new seventy-eight uh Ranchero the other day with a four barrel and a four hundred engine. Sucker was some kinda tough. Took it out on the road stomped it all the way to the floor and it ain't thrown up a rock yet. Interviewer: Well. 533: And I went down to the used car place and they had a seventy-one Ranchero with a three-fifty-one uh Cleveland engine. And no it wasn't a Cleveland. It was a Windsor. Which ain't supposed to be as hot as the Cleveland. Took it out on the same road mashed it to the floor and it didn't quit spinning until it came out of gear and went into seventy miles an hour you know? So but you know people don't peel off like they used to but anyway I was I was um you know paying for my own car and you you go around uh the mug which is the local hangout you know like the A and W that Jesse Winchester sings about. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah right you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And uh uh you hit a speed breaker. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know? Speed. And it {C: thump} just. It'll knock your wheels out of line. Especially you know in the days of mag wheels and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: chrome reverses and baby moons. It'll knock your baby moons off. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And it would uh if you hit it hard enough it'd knock your fender skirts off. Or drag your mud flaps off and this kind of thing you know? So yeah you know it's a just might as well go to the house. Interviewer: Sure. 533: And uh so you know we'd arranged for a guy to have a flat and park across that thing and we jack his car up and take a sledgehammer and a and a chisel. And uh or a wedge really. And and knock it loose and load it up in the back of his car and take it home. Interviewer: {NW} 533: You just and right break it up in pieces. Interviewer: Yeah. Public service. 533: Yeah. Speed breakers though. Interviewer: Right okay. What about this thing uh that I had around here that I had wrapped around my microphone you know well this thing? 533: #1 What? # Interviewer: #2 Right here? What would you call # 533: Oh. Rubber band. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Uh. Interviewer: What about the little metal wire thing that you use to hold papers? 533: Paper clip. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: {D: Mm-hmm.} Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything else? 533: Mm. Possibly but I have Interviewer: Gem clip? 533: No. Interviewer: {X} Okay. Alright uh Again talking about vehicles. What about some different kinds of vehicles used by the fire department and the police department? 533: I just. It's a firetruck. Firetruck. Interviewer: That's just a general term 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: for any kind? 533: It's a firetruck. Interviewer: Mm. 533: Uh you know if you're out on a highway and you know you're telling somebody about it. It's an emergency vehicle. You know? Interviewer: Hmm. Yeah. 533: A ten thirty-three you know but {X} It's it's a firetruck. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: The guy that calls on the fire line. That's. We have a volunteer fire department. And it's been cited to be the best in the south. Several times. Interviewer: Here is in {X}? 533: Mm-hmm. And uh some beautiful equipment. Got uh about you know two of the newest best trucks you can buy. A couple of uh well one three quarter ton pickup and a small pickup and a volunteer fire department and the way that works is whenever the fire alarm sounds uh we have uh we have three men on duty at all times. Uh I mean not on duty but they alternate on shifts. Eight hour shifts you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: And uh he's the fire marshal. Or whatever you wanna call it of the town. You know. The fire chief. And he'll answer the fire phone and he'll punch a little button and it'll make a recording and it says you know and this is the way he talks. There's a car on fire. Down there by the west end grocery store. And it it just repeats you know. It's a repeating tape. And everybody that's on the volunteer fire department their phone rings. Uh a real quick little {NW} And you answer it and this thing is constantly telling you in case you pick up in the middle of it or something you know. It's uh car on fire you know John Smith's house. And uh so everybody just hops in their vehicles. Turns on their red lights. And you know drives to John Smith's house. Hops in their you know their hot suit. Puts their boots on and goes in there and fights the fire. You know. Because by that time the trucks are already there. You know and they hook up. You know it's fantastic. It's amazing. Interviewer: Sounds like it. 533: But uh it's a it's a firetruck. And a lot of people that's the way of saying it. Interviewer: So you don't make a distinction say if it's a truck that pumps water or 533: #1 No. Mm-mm. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #2 or one that has ladders? # You don't say pumper truck? 533: No. It's a. If you see it coming it's a firetruck. Interviewer: Or hook and ladder? 533: No. Interviewer: Have you ever seen the type that's designed to fight fires in uh 533: In buildings? Yes. Right. Well well one of these one of these is you know you can you can hook the boom and bucket to it. Yeah. Well it's just a Interviewer: Just a firetruck. 533: Just a firetruck you know? Interviewer: What about snorkels? Are you familiar? 533: Nah. A snorkel to me is what you put on your {NS} face when you go in the water and wanna breathe you know? Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah? {NW} Interviewer: Uh what about this type of thing that uh you see going to {D: pump} in a cardiac case? Maybe a van that's wood-paneled? 533: That's just a it's just an ambulance. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Mm-hmm. You know. Interviewer: You have anything like that? 533: Uh we have 'em and uh you know they're they're equipped with everything now uh we have I can't think of the real name of it but it's some type of it's an ambulance service you know and people on duty at all times. And they have all of the C-P-R equipment and everything in there you know uh. But of course you don't need equipment for CPR except two people right? One in some cases. But I mean they have everything in there to to keep you in as good a shape as possible until they get you to the hospital. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: But around here it's just an ambulance. Uh colloquially it's a meat wagon. Bone wagon. You know. But it's it's an ambulance. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. If the fire chief drove to the fire he'd probably drive up in what would you call that? 533: Mm. Nothing in particular. He'd probably be in the firetruck. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 Yeah. {NW} # He's he's gonna be the first man there you know? Interviewer: Right. Wouldn't have the chief's car? 533: No. Uh-uh. No. Mm-mm. We're we're not that aristocratic. You know whatever. Interviewer: Okay. Just in general what about the cars that the police drive? What would you call that? 533: That's police car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Mm. Interviewer: Okay. Anything like cruiser or 533: Nah. Interviewer: Oh. That sort of thing. 533: Nah. Paddy wagon no. It's just a just a police car. Interviewer: The paddy wagon. What is that? 533: Uh well that would be the one you know that that if they had to pick a guy up you know and put him in the. You know you've seen 'em on the TVs you know where they the SWAT team has to bring in a a you know a local idiot you know and they put him in the paddy truck you know so he can't get out. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh Paddy wagon #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 533: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What about this uh # flying uh vehicle with the rotary blade. What do you call that? 533: Uh that's helicopter. Interviewer: Any other names? Besides 533: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 helicopter you might use? # 533: Chopper. You know? But basically a helicopter. You know? Actually it's a gyro. Yeah if you wanna be technical. But anyway uh Interviewer: Is that the blade? 533: That's uh you know there's gyrocopters {D: in on this that and the other but it's a} it's a helicopter. You know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Hoppy clopter I mean everybody's got their own little thing you know but. Interviewer: Right. And you call the man who fights fires that's uh 533: Uh it's fireman you know. Interviewer: Any joking or derogatory terms you've ever heard for firemen? 533: Hmm. No. Interviewer: Okay. What about the man who enforces the law? That's 533: Ah that's the fuzz. You know cop. Interviewer: And when you say fuzz how would you mean that? You mean that jokingly? 533: Yeah that's you know you know you know here comes the fuzz. You know that's just kind of a well you know the old joke is one hippie asks the other you ever been picked up by the fuzz for doing that and he said no but I bet it hurt like hell you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh Interviewer: {NW} 533: No that was just. That that that kind of went out with you know pig and fuzz you know and all of that but eh. Pig never did get too big around here because you'd somebody's slap you you know if you said watch out here's the pigs you know? Interviewer: So that was definitely an insulting term? 533: Yeah it was you know. but I don't know. It shouldn't have been. Pig is one of the smartest animals in the world like we discussed about eating out of the slop bucket. You know. Yesterday. Uh but you know the fuzz. The cops. The you know the heat is not really used around here that much you know. But he's a cop. And I always probably figured that was derogatory. You know? Until I heard one say me and this other cop you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: He said it that way and I thought well you know. Not so bad. It's like saying me and another nigger. You know uh. Interviewer: {NW} If you're saying it yourself it's not derogatory you know and uh. Because around here uh There's a there's a good deal and I it's probably the same everywhere. I know in some parts of the country it varies. But there's a lot of uh you know your Anglo-Saxon four letter words you know. Get the damn car out the way you know. And you're just kidding. I mean you know you don't mean it seriously and uh now somebody else say that to you other than a friend you know you probably bop his brains out you know? Clobber him. But uh you know that's that's just part of {X} 533: Yeah it's just a stand up where you know uh teachers used to tell us it's because you you don't have enough brain to think of the real word you wanna use so you substitute that you know. And I said well hell you're probably right. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 you know. # But uh Interviewer: Yeah. 533: This Interviewer: Since you mentioned it uh used the word of nigger why 533: Yeah. Interviewer: when you used it you said by yourself is it a completely neutral term? 533: Well you know uh it's it's derogatory to a sense. Like uh you know somebody might say redneck. But no I've heard uh you know blacks when they you know fussing with each other. I mean I you can be uptown not often but now and then and you hear a mother say I I'm gonna whoop me some little nigger soon as I get him home. You know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And uh and I've heard 'em call each each other you know that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know? But uh I think it's mostly just a consciousness. You know? And uh that you you wouldn't say nigger you know To a nigger. You know unless you know we're just real close friends but then he'd probably turn around and call you one too you know? Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh and the word honky is not really that offensive you know. But uh Interviewer: For white? 533: Yeah. You know. What the heck? You know? Proud to be an Okie from Muskogee that uh you know uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Uh blacks. You know I mean uh you know when some of them that works here you know we talk and I say {NW} and there's a lot of difference in um in some things like the way they do their funerals and stuff like that you know. A guy dies on Saturday you know they bury him the following Sunday. You know I mean not not this Sunday but I mean eight days away you know? And there's an always an old joke where they um they well they embalm him and put him in a freezer you know and let him lay there. Because the reason for that I guess is to let all the kinfolk that done moved up North rent a car and drive down here and look impressive. See? Uh they do that. You know? Interviewer: They do up these funerals pretty. 533: Oh man yeah they well uh they you know they get together on Saturday night. Look at the body for an hour you know and then get drunk and have a party. {NW} Oh what the hell I mean you know and really you should it According to the Bible it should be a celebration you know? Going on to better things but you know us white folks we have to sit around and squall you know and all of that. And we talk about I'm I'm pretty open pretty realistic about stuff like that and I you know I I say something a lot of people go God don't talk like that I say look when I'm gone I don't care you know I mean put me in a pine box zip it up and chunk me off in a river. I mean I don't really care. I'm not gonna I mean you know I don't need that junk you're throwing away. If I did I'd take it with me. And uh you know my see it doesn't really matter. You know when you're gone you're gone and uh you know. Wherever you're going you're gonna be there. You know pretty fast and uh but you know they you know they tend to play on people's sympathies. Especially in this part of the country you don't have uh you seldom hear of a cremation. I think uh once in the last five years I've heard of somebody you know being cremated but they usually do that somewhere else and uh you know unless you know if you drown or burn or get mutilated bad in an accident they won't uh you know look at the body. But otherwise you know a guy just dies they you know glue him up and fix him up and he looks pretty and he lays there and everybody walks by and sheds a few tears and uh you know yeah that's P-U-R-D-Y. Pretty. {NW} But uh {NW} anyway that's I don't know I like I said I get off on some weird tangents. #1 {D: It's a problem.} # Interviewer: #2 You mentioned # honky. Are there any other joking or insulting terms that blacks might use in reference to the whites that you 533: Well peckerwood used to be one. Uh you know I had a little black guy call me peckerwood one time I you know I just thought peckerwood. Well must be like nigger you know? Uh but not really. Interviewer: Cracker? 533: Nah. Interviewer: Redneck? 533: Yeah redneck. Whitey. I call some blacks redneck. You know? They do something silly you know and I say ah come on redneck. Interviewer: What exactly would you mean by redneck? 533: Uh redneck is uh is a term strangely enough that came from in my in my best ascertainment the word came from somewhere like Virginia. Up in there. You know? Uh where you got you know some definite you know shifts you got some definite changes in population you got you got metro areas and uh and uh you've also got you know out in the country like Waynesboro and Staunton and Stuarts Draft and places like that you know. And uh redneck uh in a sense now is used as a proud you know a proud term like hillbilly you know people are proud to be hillbillies because they know what it's like to eat pork and beans and you know turnip greens and sowbelly and uh yeah I'm proud of the way that I grew up. And I guess everybody is. And uh well we still call people from the North Yankees. People that talk you know you know they have a little {D: brog} you know and they talk like this? Uh they're Yankees. You know they don't know what corn bread is. They think it's cake. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 You know # they pour molasses on it and uh and uh syrup or something weird. That's a Yankee. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And uh I don't I don't think that they uh refer to us as rebels. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: Uh necessarily but you know hell they're Yankees and they just can't help it you know? Interviewer: {NW} 533: And uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. But I don't think uh I I can't think of a term that you know that a black would use Interviewer: Okay. 533: You know. Interviewer: What about whites that uh aren't too well off? Maybe haven't had much of a chance at education. But more importantly are kinda lazy. 533: Don't care. Sorry. Yeah sorry. That's not sorry. Like you would be if you stepped on my foot. That's sorry. Interviewer: Sorry as in 533: Yeah just sorry. And uh scum. But basically sorry. Interviewer: You ever hear of white trash around here? Poor white? 533: Uh not so much. Uh because uh well there's a lot of white trash you know in your five story in your five story houses driving four Cadillacs and you know driving sixty miles to the daycare centers you know. Interviewer: So you mean 533: It's a different Interviewer: something to do with it feels moral? 533: Well it's a little bit more moral than it is uh uh you know the fact whether or not he takes a bath three times a day. You know? uh because uh you know that old saying anybody can afford water. You know and uh so the uh the dirty part is really not you know. Now uh nowadays the way I see this thing is uh I mean hell if anybody wants to be clean and look decent they can. And if they don't want to then they're sorry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh it's not a matter of oh we just can't afford it because everybody can afford it I mean you know the people sitting at home doing nothing uh so what if they got ten kids that they have to feed? It's not coming out of their pocket. You know. Like it like it was at one time. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know. And even back in the fifties if people just wanted to they could have got commodities. They call 'em then. It was the same thing as welfare. They brought around dried cheese. Dried eggs. You know had peanut butter in a gallon bucket and this kind of thing. But um Interviewer: Is trash a white people's term or blacks be just as likely to use that? 533: {NW} Uh yeah about the same. They they would use it about the same. You know because you know trash is trash. Black or white. Indian. Dago. Chicano. Spic. Interviewer: What's a dago? 533: A dago? {NW} Well hard to say. A lot of people have different ideas of dago. Uh in my opinion it's something like uh uh that that that was created back uh that's what you see on T-V most of the time. Dagos. And we were talking the other day. I said I'm so damn tired of turning on the T-V and all you see is dagos and niggers. You know and I'm not being derogatory because I love basically all people. I don't trust anybody but you know I mean they all have their place in the world. And but what I mean is you know your your people like you know on your Kotter show you know. Yeah. Um Epstein you know. He's a half breed of some sort. Nobody really knows what. It's it's some {X} and maybe a little bit of a you know uh I don't know. Jew. You know he's got some Puerto Rican he's got some uh you know this kind of stuff. He's a dago. And I don't know what. Nece- Interviewer: Would that be a derogatory term for Italian? 533: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Yeah now Charlie {D: Deshara} went to school uh went to college with me and uh he was a dago. {D: But Deshara} that's Italian right? I think so. And uh you know little bitty short stumpy black-haired guy you know? Dark skin big nose you know? And uh if you really wanted just to kill him {D: it's alright} dago shut the door you know. And it's derogatory. It is like calling you nigger. You know? Interviewer: Is a spic Italian or? 533: Uh no a spic would be uh you know like a south of the border. You know. Jerry Ortega. Gerardo Ortega. Hernando uh Alvarez they were spics you know? A chink uh. You know. The Chinese type. It's a difference in the eye formation you know? {NW} Oh yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 533: But anyway you know uh a a dago would be something like a don't ever let anybody hear these tapes I may be calling names they hear. No. Uh you know like {B} Um like a {B} and Charlie's a super guy. Love him. He's a good fellow. But I mean you know that's that's kinda what it is. Um and like you know these these Italians you know. Interviewer: What about uh people from the country? Sometimes when they come into town they might be made fun of. 533: Eh hicks. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah hicks. Interviewer: Do you ever hear anything instead of hick? 533: Uh well it all would amount to about the same thing. Hicks. Hillbillies. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 533: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Country hoosier Do you ever hear 533: Nah country hoosier that's a that's an Oklahoman term I think I best I can figure. Interviewer: What about the word podock does that mean 533: Yeah podock holler. You know that's kinda like plum nearly. You ask a guy where he lives and he don't know you and he say I live plum nearly. Say what do you mean? Well uh plum out of Chickasaw and down near out of Calhoun you #1 know. Something like that. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: Uh yeah podock holler. {NW} That that that's kind of a reference to you know right out there where the Earth fixing to square off and if you go any further without making a U-turn you'll fall off into the {D: ether} you know? Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh but uh yeah podock holler. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a working class white man? What would he call the man who works for? That's his 533: Hmm that's his boss. You know. My boss. Interviewer: Would it be any different for a working class black man? 533: Well not so much is is what you would call a working class now. You know there's none of this master business you know? Mm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any terms of address blacks would use 533: Oh yeah. Captain. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Captain. Yes sir captain. Mm you know I mean I call some of them captain. You know? Um Interviewer: That wouldn't necessarily be some an employer though? 533: Uh not especially. You know you just meet him on the street. You know how you doing Joe? Doing fine captain how are you? You know that's just uh uh I don't know respect joking uh just something to say you know it's like how you doing? You doing all right? Well yeah you know and of course they know you're lying. You're dying of cancer. But I mean you know. It's just something to say. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a child that's born to racially mixed parents? What would you call him or any names you've heard? 533: Well {NW} course bastard I guess would be the term because nobody'd claim him you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: But um. Half-breed. You know. Uh according to how white he was he might be an albino. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Um high yeller. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know if he's real light colored. I don't know where they got high yellow. Uh I mean you're yellow low yellow and high yellow is yellow you know? But you know he's a high yeller. You know? Interviewer: Do you ever hear hear the the term bright used to describe a black that's uh especially light colored skin? 533: Blacks? Yeah they would use that. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And he's kinda light. You know. You know him. Interviewer: Bright? 533: No. Light more so than bright. You know. They might say he's got bright eyes you know. Bright hair. Instead of you know {NS} red hair but you know I get talking to them sometimes they say hey you know {B} and I say uh well I know Eddie and Joey. See that Steve but he's kind of a light one you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And I almost want to say wonder where he got that light #1 you know? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: Do like a. Who is {D: Godfry.} {B} Yeah you know they took a bath in milk for a year you know and like they turned white. Interviewer: {NW} 533: You know that? #1 You know? # Interviewer: #2 No. # 533: Yeah he put himself in a cast and all that. Well anyway Interviewer: Whatever. 533: But there's a lot of 'em around that that somehow are getting light. You know there there's some type of formula they're rubbing on. #1 You know? I don't know what it is # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: but I mean it seriously you know that Interviewer: Oh that's weird. 533: It's weird. Interviewer: Well what about 533: Like I keep trying to tell them. Look you don't want to turn white. You're gonna have to start to work. You know. Interviewer: {NW} What about mulatto or quadroon {X} any of that? 533: Nah. I mean I've heard it used in like a you know anthropology or sociology. You know. Discussions. Things like that. But Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah but you know {NS} my daddy still don't believe they went to the moon. You know what I mean? So you couldn't talk to him about a quadroon. Interviewer: See this movie that's out now. What's it called. 533: Yeah I saw the uh the advertisement. I told Janie my wife I said I'm gonna have to get daddy to go see that because you know he said well whenever they first went he said son oh he was sitting there ah hell you know kept up letting him smoking his camel reading the paper and I said Daddy don't you believe that? He said son when I was twelve years old I could pay eleven cents and go see flash Gordon walk all over Mars. He said hell if they could do it then they can do it now you know? Interviewer: {NW} 533: So anyway uh Interviewer: Sure. You mentioned the the word bastard. Would you ever use that to mean an illegitimate child? 533: Well uh yeah. You know I mean if I was in a serious discussion with somebody. You know if you get to talking and they say hey do you know about old you know Leroy? Uh and I'd say well I know he's a bastard if that's what you mean. You know that way. But I mean you know uh a guy you know throws a bottle out in your yard you know riding down a road you you hey you bastard you know it's a it's like son of a bitch you know? Interviewer: {NW} 533: Some of these others uh Interviewer: True. 533: Uh your {NS} reverend professor is probably going to get you about this tape huh? But anyway uh you know that's that's a that's a term you know just like any term like that is. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any other terms besides bastard to mean the same thing? 533: No. I don't think so. Interviewer: {X} 533: #1 Nah. # Interviewer: #2 Nah. # {D: child} 533: Nah. Interviewer: {X} 533: Nigger in a woodpile. Interviewer: You're right. 533: That kind of stuff. Yeah. Well that's that's get uh yeah I've heard that used before you know. I've used it myself. I have of course in some cases I use it white man in a woodpile you know just to kind of be funny. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh and I I'm bad about uh expressions you know. That I guess that I make up myself you know like uh well you about the cutest white girl I ever seen. You know stuff like this. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And uh you know it's you just you just get in the habit of doing that kind of thing. You know just making a making a joke #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 That's # awfully white of you. 533: Yeah you know. Stuff like that you know. And uh we'll be sitting around here doing something and I'll say boy that's that's the best pot I've seen a white man ride all day you know well I hadn't seen a black man or a green man ride one either but it's just you know it's just an expression. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Or you know hey daddy how's that look? Well pretty good for a white boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know and {NW} and I really shouldn't. You know because I find myself doing it you know with three or four blacks sitting around you know and they look around and think {NW} What the hell he be talking about man? And I say hey. You know. Then uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Well what about say if a man had a little bit too much to drink and he got uh all binge and nobody would make bail for him. He's probably going to spend the night 533: In a tank. You know. Interviewer: What is a tank? 533: Uh well I think that the tank you know that a lot of people call it the D-T-s. You know. Hey well so and so boy he got to bed. He had the D-T-s. You know? He's in a drunk tank. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: Uh the tank is just uh oh it just look like a tank. You're just in there by golly it ain't nothing in there. You just gonna have to sit and sweat off the booze you know? You know the tank. The clink. Slammer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know. He's in the tank. Interviewer: Yeah. What about #1 thing that # 533: #2 used to be called a # the uh calaboose. Did you ever hear that? Interviewer: We talking about the drunk tank or the 533: Uh well we're talking about the jail. You know? Used to be called a calaboose. Interviewer: {X} 533: Uh the calaboose uh was a a little one cell jail in Vardaman you know? It was the it was the calaboose. Interviewer: What would the big house be? 533: What? The big jail house? Interviewer: Or have you ever heard of #1 the big house? # 533: #2 Oh the big house? # Eh Not the jail. No. Interviewer: Okay. 533: If I heard somebody say that I'd think they was talking about the pen. Uh the penitentiary you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Parchman. Yeah. Cummings prison farm. Interviewer: Right. 533: You know. What's that one in Atlanta that keeps all the women? Always wanted to break in there you know and die there. Interviewer: {NW} 533: No I not really. I'm just kidding. You know. Interviewer: I don't remember. 533: Get a hacksaw blade up your nose or something you know? Interviewer: No kidding. Yeah. Well what about things that a policeman would carry with him for protection? 533: Billy club. Nigger stick. You know. Uh that the kind of thing you're looking for? Interviewer: Sure. 533: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 What about # uh 533: Well that's pistol. Revolver. His gun. Basically. Interviewer: You ever heard it called his uh sidearm? Piece? #1 Circuit revolver? Any of that kind of stuff? # 533: #2 Nah. Nah. # Nah if you ask a cop for a piece he'd think you's a homo and send you to {X} you know? {NW} Uh no it's it's his gun. Pistol. You know and people that have been to the national guard call it a weapon. Huh. Yeah. Interviewer: What about some different names for prostitutes? 533: Uh whore. That's about it. You know. Lot of people don't know how to spell it. But you know. You hear women sitting around whispering about the H-O-R-E. #1 You know it's # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 533: Uh Interviewer: {NW} 533: slut. You know that's a Interviewer: Street walker? 533: Yeah street walker. Yeah. Interviewer: Would you distinguish between a a street walker and a call girl? 533: Well I wouldn't. I wouldn't. Uh now uh realistically the term whore can be used in a lot of ways. Friend of mine. The w- guy I was talking about being from Nebraska you know. Talking about his you know uh the douche wagon. {NW} Uh he was I was talking to him {NW} I don't know. A few months ago. And he'd gotten out a radio. Running a ski resort in Colorado. And I ask him I said why? He said well I got tired of being a whore. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: And to him that meant you know he felt like he's being used all of the time. You know. Hey man come work Sunday midnight to six you know? When he gets ready to leave work two to nine tonight you know? And uh he got tired of being a whore. And uh Uh yeah. I got another friend that uh he'll call you a whore you know. You do something. You say something funny. He'll say ah you silly whore. You know. Um he called a girl that one time. He you know just he let it slip you know kind of like saying hey you know like a white saying something about a white boy you know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah and uh she was he was over at her house you know stopping there on the way home from work or something you know anyway and she said well let me fix you something to eat and uh she's a beautiful girl. And uh so she did something. He said ah you whore you. {NS} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 You know and # And she wouldn't speak to him you know. He's he got up and left. Went back a couple of weeks and you know to apologize but Yeah whore yeah you know. Interviewer: What about a manager of prostitutes? 533: Well uh course there's not much of it around here you know. Not not that. I know of one that you can go and buy. Uh two. One that you'd well neither one that you'd want. But anyway Uh the man you know. John. Pimp. If you say that people will know what you was talking about but there's you know none of it. Not enough. Interviewer: And you would use John to mean pimp or client? 533: Uh yeah well sure. John's the client you know. Interviewer: Mm. 533: Uh but I mean like I said. People would know what you were talking about. But it it's not a common #1 not a common thing. # Interviewer: #2 You said pimp. # You think of him what being black? 533: Basically. Yeah a little squirrelly black guy with a pink hat on you know and goose feathers in his hat. You know and rings hanging off his thing. Probably an earring in his ear you know with a Christ symbol on it of all things. Interviewer: Mm. 533: Uh high heel shoes like I wear. And uh {C: laughing} Interviewer: Like the the rooster on Baretta? 533: Yeah yeah yeah like a huggy bear. You know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: {X} You know. Uh basically that. Yeah. You know he's got a white caddy with a padded roof you know and uh fuzz all around the mirror. Interviewer: What would you call a building where several prostitutes were? 533: Well that's a whore house. You know. Interviewer: Anything besides that? 533: Well you know blue light you know something like that but nah it's whore house. Interviewer: You ever hear cat house? 533: Yeah. Cat house. You know. The cat house is you usually call that because all the men hang around there you know? Interviewer: Oh. 533: That's probably just you know one or two of the ladies of the evening in there. Soldier of the streets I call. Well princess of the pavement. The man'd be the soldier of the street. Couple of songs I wrote one time. Nobody knows about now but me and you. Interviewer: Okay. 533: But um yeah cat house. That'd be where all the guys go and cat around. You know what I mean? So Interviewer: What about a fellow who just hangs around the street 533: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 533: Ah you mean you know like a bum. Interviewer: Sure. 533: I don't know. {C: thumps} You know? Probably. Uh hobo. That's not around anymore. It's just a bum. Interviewer: Hobo. You mean one that travels 533: #1 Yeah you know. # Interviewer: #2 a whole lot? # 533: Uh the last of the great hobos was a guy named Marvin {B} Everybody always thought it was Marvin {B} something you know but that was his last name {B} and the gentleman. Matter of fact he was on route sixty-six one time with Todd and Buzz. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: Uh they Ah well Yeah we wouldn't make it go Well anyway uh Back to that the uh the guy and he was he was just a bum. And uh his name anywhere just about anywhere in the state of Mississippi you went uh especially in the north part of the state you know everybody if you said Marvin {B} they knew you were talking about and uh he'd spend the night in somebody's barn. Spent the night in this old man's barn out close to our house one time. mr {B} barn and saw his boys were out there playing one day playing horses or cowboys or something and we found a bag full of nickels dimes and quarters. And uh had intentions really I guess of leaving it there 'til we made up our mind you know that it was okay if you stole it from him you know. You know if you got it because you found it in the barn even though you figured it was his. Well anyway we went back the day or two or something and it was gone. So he came back and got it that's how he made his living. You know just going around and you know and picking and {X} bumming nickels and dimes and quarters and eating out of garbage cans and Uh he had seems like maybe a sister and brother and you know and some relatives and left 'em a good deal of money. But um Yeah mm-hmm. That's that's where we were I believe you know you know. uh Anyway he would be a drunk you know. One who drinks would be a drunk you know. No winos no no distinction no distinction in particular about what kind of drunk I mean if he's a drunk he's a drunk. Ah well like you said it's not that not enough of those cheap hotels you know crash houses or anything like that around here to to to really know what you're talking about but a dog house you know. {NS} Uh you know flat. Oh yeah yeah right. Be sure to go by and go by the court hou- I mean the the county jail down there which is you know like a block and a half south east southeast of the square. Get a look at the {X} Uh you know it's it's it's a real sharp when it was you know modernized and the way they caught the guy he's been doing it for a long time. But and you know it's not the first still that they got around here. But um That they you know that they found but most of the time they'll find a still way back on the back of somebody's old old farm property you know and nobody's around they just find the still and they approach the farmer about it or whoever and he'll say man I don't know anything about it I haven't been back there in five years. So you see they get the still and nobody ever but this guy had bought like a truckload of sugar you know and it's used to make the stuff and they traced it you see and they just followed him you know and he went out there and when he took the sugar in they caught him. {X} So they probably get some federal time for that you know. Uh but anyway it's it's a dandy. You know. Interviewer: {X} 533: The stuff they make in the still? Uh you know of course uh moonshine. Moonshine whiskey and uh uh white lightning and as I said home brew. Home brew is basically uh would be the kind that you would make at home for your own personal consumption. Sometimes it is {NW} Mm tough. But it's not Mountain Dew. uh I've never been intoxicated in my life on anything except my own ignorance you know uh stupidity. Natural high I guess you'd call it but Interviewer: {NW} 533: But I've tasted you know a lot of this stuff and uh Matter of fact most of it made a little bit myself you know only just playing around you know muscadine wine and when it's made right it is excellent. Uh not that not that very intoxicating well just a little Japanese friend of mine he was half Jap uh Jimmy Jap. And uh we made some strawberry wine one time and uh we put too much yeast in it. And uh whenever we want we put in gallon jugs with tinfoil around the top you know rubber band {X} when we went back in a couple of weeks it had eaten the foil off. So we decided we didn't want none so we poured it out in the grass it was right in the middle of an old uh watershed house and uh and we poured it out in the grass and the grass went {NW} you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: So it would've probably burned our drawers off you know if we would've swallowed any of it so so we didn't. {NS} You know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Oh yeah. Uh hurricane Camille that was just that would just be a hurricane you know just a a terrible storm. Most of the time it uh goes under uh the distinction of storm uh hurricane or um you know tornado. Uh some some people might call it a cyclone. But um yeah I was in Camille I was in New Orleans uh. And couldn't get out you know and the wind was doing about two hundred outside the window but eh you know I mean if you're there you're there you know if you're in the {D: towering in the front oh} you might as well make the best of the twenty-sixth floor 'til it falls you know. Cuz it's going. But we were lucky uh we didn't didn't get hurt. Uh couple of my friends that went to school with me down there you know one uh guy piano was pushed up against his sister you know in the house you know and cut her leg off and but uh yeah it was just uh just uh hellacious storm I mean you know it just terrible. Interviewer: {X} 533: Not really. Mm not not that much um with uh of course when it's winter around here it's winter you know it gets cold and you may have some sleet and snow. Uh you know which would create slush on the highway but I mean uh nothing nothing like that. No. We had an ice storm one time uh back in seventy three I believe it was. But that's what it was it was an ice storm you know. Trees fell you know houses mashed in uh antennas knocked down you know simply due to the weight of ice. Power lines something like this but it was an ice storm. And sometimes we have a little dust storm believe it or not. You get a dust storm rolling out Oklahoma Texas and it'll blow dust in here you know. But not real heavy it's just a uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Well uh dope you know it {D: still makes you think well there's} a lot of it around here it's it's more than you would think and more than I'd like to think. Uh but you know course grass everybody knows what that is. And uh you know uh I've heard of speed. And I think I saw a guy one time after he'd been using some because he kept you his his top lip seemed like it was numb and he kept rubbing it. I always heard you know that that a spre- a speed freak you know uh {NS} messed up like that. Uh but you know not much coke or cocaine or whatever you want to call it around uh that I know of but it's around here it's mostly grass you know. Uh I heard somebody mention the word Quaaludes one time don't know what they are but to me it sounded like a horse pill. You know uh. Big plastic round thing or something I don't know what it's supposed to do. But uh you know dope is dope. You know this nicotine I'm smoking here is probably dope but at least uh the the effects are not immediate. You know not injuring anybody else you know or don't have the possibility of injuring anybody else just because I fire one up. You know. Yeah. Weeds you know they used to call a cigarette a weed you know give me a weed that was before though the the marijuana thing came along. Uh cancer sticks. You know. Coffin nails. That's C-O-F-F-I-N. Not C-A-U-G-H-I-N. Uh but you know that's about it. Ready roll yeah ready roll they used to call them that. Ready roll you know because Well yeah you know it was back in the days when a lot of people still rolled their cigarettes themselves you know and they'd say hey you know give me a ready roll. You know. You know and Interviewer: {X} 533: Mm well like I said not that I know of I'm not too hip on that stuff you know I uh I I guess was lucky enough to come up in the time uh like I said I graduated high school in uh in seventy. And uh very few of my friends at that time you know maybe one or two you know fiddled with that stuff a little bit. And uh we more or less embarrassed them you know or made uh made 'em feel awful bad about it. Now though I'd venture to say even though most of my friends are grown and married uh I'd venture to say that ninety percent of 'em have tried it. You know uh in some form or the other. And uh people don't believe when I say that I hadn't because even a cousin of mine one time well you listen to me on the air you know and you gotta sound you know happy bright lively and I do and like I said to me it's natural hell I just you know That's just the way I am. But you know people think you have to be zonked out on something you know in order to uh to have a good time or to uh sound pleasurable or to uh enjoy what you're doing you know and it's just really not true and I try to prove this to people you know. That you can uh You can do just fine without some kind of stimulus you know. {D: Uh I don't} But anyway that's that's one goal I have in life to try to maybe uh show people that you don't have to be out of your mind to uh you know to have a good time you know. And uh but anyway uh no I don't I don't think of anything else you know uh pills. You know uppers downers uh red devil stuff like that I've heard of a lot of it like I've said you know. I don't know I even heard of angel dust uh not long ago. Which is something like some kind of horse medicine I don't know. Yeah kinda {D: mighty} I cannot imagine y- people doing that. No you know I I don't mm-mm. Interviewer: {X} 533: Green. Uh you know uh you know yeah you know I I'm a little bit short on green. Also the word jack you know it takes a lot of jack. {NW} um Bucks. You know. And uh you know corn. You know. You know I'd bet that cost you a hunk of gold you know {D: pot of gold.} And uh You know just stuff like that mm. Interviewer: {X} 533: {D: Worn.} Hmm. {D: Worn.} No I don't think so I might uh it might ring a bell you know if somebody said something I might know what they were talking about but I Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah not especially no. Interviewer: {X} 533: You know {D: rebel yeah} {D: Valley high} you know Uh yeah ripple you know everybody knows what that is you know ripple. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah pawn shop. {D: Now we got one} right here it's not it's not much there's one in Tupelo but around here people make a lot of money out of pawn shops I don't know how you know. Maybe they're {D: fencing} or something but you know they they uh maybe {D: fencing} really. But they they you know they got Cadillacs and you know uh Continentals and stuff like this you know. {NS} I don't know. I don't think too much of the place because I figure there's something crooked going on there. uh I bought my kid a watch there one time. Eight dollars I think I gave for it. uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah you wouldn't let your wife drive through it you know. Yeah. Well yeah no particular name. just uh you know you just don't go there it's not like you know the Bronx {D: or high up street} or you know {D: Watts Avenue} or anything like that you know you just you know. Interviewer: {X} 533: No. Mm-mm mm-mm. North side south side no. Me I'd go through there you know. Uh I'm just crazy enough to I mean I wouldn't if it was terribly bad if they were having a riot or something like that but I mean uh I wouldn't be scared to drive through a place. Matter of fact uh esp- if uh if I was by myself somebody told me one time said hey there's some guys out there you know that'll throw a bottle into you when you go past the sunflower food store and I said you know what I didn't much pay any attention to 'em after a while and I said yeah they will. And I said well I can give 'em a fresh clean windshield. Because if they blow my if they knock mine out it'll be the last one they knock down. And uh I said you know I'll just plead insanity. Self defense. Hell I'm a redneck I don't Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah well y- yeah right. But um I don't know it's somebody was just and somebody might've actually thrown uh a bottle into somebody's window but it was probably a personal fracas you know. Probably went out with his girlfriend or something and he went by and he threw a rock through the window or a bottle or whatever it was but Yeah you know. I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: {X} 533: Well that's just actually the theater. You know adult theater you know. Not many of those around here you know yeah. But I know what you're talking about like on uh what street is it maybe Peachtree in Atlanta you know. Yeah mm-hmm. 533: {D: Uh skin flicks.} You know. Interviewer: {X} 533: That's a mailman. Interviewer: {X} 533: That's the garbage man. You know. Yeah yeah. Just garbage man. Interviewer: {X} 533: Got a lot of pull. Got a lot of pull. Interviewer: {X} 533: My most of 'em yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 533: He's a politician. Interviewer: #1 A politician. # 533: #2 Yeah. # mm-hmm. uh Be a you know or a you know I don't know what term it is uh you know maybe a bum. Basically is what I'd call it. Interviewer: {X} 533: No. Interviewer: {X} 533: No. Interviewer: {X} 533: mm-mm. Interviewer: {X} 533: Right mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} 533: I'm going to the grocery store. You know. Which one? The warehouse you know. The grocery store. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Yeah part you know supermarket. Grocery store it all carries kinda the same connotation. Supermarket is a bigger place. It's a super huh market you know. But a grocery store and a supermarket could be you could be a grocery store and a supermarket but you wouldn't hardly be you know a supermarket {D: and a quote grocery store.} Interviewer: {X} 533: Like a deli. Mm-hmm deli {X} Food counter. You know. Interviewer: {X} 533: mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah condo mm-hmm yeah. Lot of people around here though would get mixed up and think you were talking about {D: prophylactics} #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: Hey man give me twelve condos you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: uh {D: You know it's what the kind you want {X} uh Yeah you know it's That's something that you read about. You know and people around here are basically are are fairly well read. They have opinions on every you know thing like that. And they watch a lot of tube David Frost uh Johnny Carson and uh and lot of 'em call him Bob Snyder Tom Snyder. Did you hear him the other night when he was talking about Dorothy Parton? Yeah he meant Dolly you know he said Dorothy Parton. He said well he said yeah. Good well he didn't apologize you know and that not then I didn't see him the next day he mighta come back and apolo- you know #1 Tom. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: Yeah that was Snyder. I love Snyder. Interviewer: Did you 533: #1 well he's from # Interviewer: #2 say that {X} # 533: Georgia you know? Interviewer: I didn't know that. 533: That's where he started out was in uh Savannah I believe in radio. Interviewer: Have you ever seen Danny Aykroyd's impression of him? 533: {NW} Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} 533: Aykroyd. Yeah he's he's okay. Uh like I said when he was doing somebody else. Interviewer: What do you mean somebody else? 533: When he's doing Jimmy Carter. Interviewer: Oh. 533: You know. Tom Snyder. Uh {NS} Nah. His Nixon's not any good. Rich Rich Little's the only one that can do mm-hmm. Rich Rich Little's the only one that can do Nixon. You know he he really is. {NW} Uh And uh Rich Little does the best Johnny Carson too. He does that about as good as Carson himself. Interviewer: {X} 533: Uh yeah. I'm gonna be in Memphis too. Not too long from now. Sure. Mm-hmm. He was also a radio man. Interviewer: Rich Little? 533: Rich Little. In Canada. Yeah. And uh you know Dick Cavett Johnny Carson and um and the other guy. What's his name? Anyway. All those guys were from Nebraska. Which is weird. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Every one of 'em. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What about a a small store that uh opens early? Stays open pretty late? Do you usually 533: Mm like a seven eleven? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Which wouldn't be early around here. It'd need to be at like five thirty to eleven you know? That {NW} Interviewer: Do pe- do people around here use that term in general? Instead of like if they're 533: Well around here it's junior food mart. Interviewer: Yeah. You know. Right. It's a junior food mart. You know. Convenience store. Uh you know. Well you just. Around here you going to the store. You know I was in Atlanta one time. Spending a day or two with some friends and uh they said something about going to get something. I said well you know anyway I I I made mention of the fact that we were going to town. You know and they laughed. Ah ha ha ha ha. They lived out at you know Decatur out there on a uh off of Shallowford you know. Two eighty-five. You turn off there at Shallowford and go down uh uh there are some of those apartments you know? I said we was going to town. Well hell you know they live right in the middle of quote town end quote. You know? {NW} 533: Town for a hundred and fifteen miles there you know? Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh But you know they they got a real big kick out of that. Yeah you know. Look hey ma I'm going to the store. You know. That kind of thing. Interviewer: What would you put some uh something we'll say food if you wanted to heat up some food something you could put it in if you didn't want to have to uh fire up the oven? 533: A boiler. You know. Frying pan. You mean you know like if you're warming up the peas? You know. Frying pan. Boiler. Skillet. Interviewer: What about 533: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 something # that's uh electrically operated? Like a skillet? What would you call that? 533: Uh. Electric skillet. You know. Uh. You know. Generally uh all the slow cookers and things like that you know they're uh uh what do you even call 'em? I forgot now. You know the crock pot you know. Interviewer: Sure. Yeah. 533: And um Interviewer: what about these things that heat very quickly? 533: Hot plates. Interviewer: Or. Well they're they're relatively new. And actually a little oven. 533: Oh yeah well that's just you know uh they got a lot of different names but you know basically just a warmer. #1 You know? # Interviewer: #2 Same thing as # these T-V {X} 533: Yeah. mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 Microwave? # 533: #2 Microwaves. # Yeah. You know. It's all a microwave. 'Course there's only one company that makes 533: Yeah well you know it's like the deep freeze Deep freeze is a brand name. I don't really remember which company it is say again maybe G-E. It may be Frigidaire but it's one of the old line companies you know and they they had the patent on the deep freeze. And uh on the rest of them especially when you're advertising it has to be called like a whirlpool food freezer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 533: You know You- you've heard 'em- the carefully selected words you know. Come get your whirlpool food freezers now on special {X} you know uh and the same thing with the word bush hog. But you know uh you think uh course a lot of people don't know what a bush hog is but you go out and you know clean up your whole pasture with a- with a mower behind the tractor and it's a bush hog. But there is a company there is a bush hog company. And you couldn't say uh for sale a John Deere bush hog because there's no such thing it's a John Deere rotary mower or rotary cutter or you know pasture clipper anything you know but it's but a bush hog is a bush hog, you know. Interviewer: Uh 533: Deep freeze is a deep freeze. Probably somebody somewhere had the patent on air conditioner. You know. Probably Lennox you know Dave Lennox I don't know but anyway. You know. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a coin-operated laundry what would you call that? 533: Laundry mat. Laundry mat. or to the laundry you know I'm going to the laundry you know. Interviewer: You ever hear people actually say wash interior? 533: Uh well yeah if that's the name that's written on the outside. You know if it's shorty's wash interior then you go to the wash interior and if it's a laundry mat you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a thing that you buy ahead in the basket until you put your dirty clothes? 533: What do you mean like a dirty clothes bucket? Dirty clothes pail? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Dirty clothes dirty clothes basket you know. Interviewer: You ever call it a hamper? 533: Well if it was a hamper. See some of them are shaped like garbage cans and it's a dirty clothes basket you know and if it's a hamper the type that's got the flip back top, well then it's a dirty clothes hamper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know you're storing the dirty clothes you know that kind of thing. Interviewer: And the thing at you would use to uh clean your rug? 533: Vacuum cleaner. Interviewer: Sure. 533: That's a vacuum cleaner. Interviewer: What about the bag or whatever it is that catches the dust and dirt what would you call that? 533: That's just a bag vacuum cleaner bag. Interviewer: And if you had to mop this floor the container that you keep your detergent water what? 533: Bucket mop mop bucket like slop bucket you know. Interviewer: {NW} Okay and these things that some people have in their kitchen to reduce the bulk of the garbage? 533: Mm-hmm trash compactor. Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay and the big container where you would put trash? 533: Garbage can trash can Interviewer: I don't recall seeing one around here but maybe uh at a shopping center on of these great bigger? 533: Oh yeah the county has those right yeah. Well it's just a garbage can. You know uh I don't really know what you would call that. They got a name you know. It's a- I think it's probably the nastiest thing America's ever done. They set those things out in the middle where people come out to throw their garbage in. They oughta leave those things for Goodwill industry. Paint 'em a different color and let you throw your old clothes in here you know because they're sit on the side of the road and they got two for like fourteen families you know. And hell, a thing would be full you know they just come by to pick 'em up third day garbage all over the road you know dogs cats breed there you know. God almighty Ah you know it's just beautiful. I didn't see anything wrong with it everybody taking it out in their back yard and dumping it you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: I mean you know nobody had to look at it except them right. Yeah it's just garbage can. {X} Interviewer: The dogs {X} 533: No. We use to have junk piles you know kind of a community junk pile you know like over in the woods somewhere and everybody took their took their garbage you know that was the big thing used to hey mama let me drive the truck to the junk pile you know. Eh huh Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a man who is in charge of a funeral home? 533: {NW} Well undertaker you know. Funeral director I guess is kinda like being a disc jockey la la radio announcer you know or a you know air time personality or something like that. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh funeral director you know. Interviewer: Where do you {X} the same as managing and preparing the body? 533: Around here most cases you know not most cases you know theres kinda around here things are a little bit they're not so categorized you know. You don't have a a uh general manager, commercial manager, operations manager. There you don't have a director, subdirector, embalmer et cetera you know. Uh they all get together in there you know and they fix the guy and glue his lips together and paste his eyes down and you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Yeah like said I'm realistic maybe I'm stupid about that stuff, huh? Interviewer: You ever call it a mortician? 533: Yeah mortician not really. You know I had a girl tell me one time I was like a mortician you know I just wanted a feel of her body, but Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 she she was just kidding you know so I got her back though I got her back. # On air one day you know when I played take me home country road you know I said this sound like what so and so said to me the other night. Interviewer: {NW} 533: You know Interviewer: Wait while you in the room? #1 {NW} # 533: #2 Yeah. # Or in the mud Interviewer: It's whatever. 533: Why don't we do it in the dirt? Yeah. That was Beatles wasn't it? Why don't we do it in the road yeah Interviewer: What about the vehicle that takes the casket to the cemetery? 533: It's a hearse. You know? Interviewer: What about any names for a building where someone might be interred above ground? 533: Well not there's not a lot of that around here you know uh. What do they call them mausoleums you know excuse me call 'em mausoleums but uh. You know Elvis was buried in a mausoleum and everybody was thinking God I thought he was a Baptist. You know? {NW} Interviewer: #1 Whats that? # 533: #2 mausoleum # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 533: #2 # Uh Interviewer: {NW} 533: Mm-hmm yeah. You know it's a casket you know you're in a casket you know they put you in a graveyard. Uh There's West Point casket company you know I mean. {NW} Interviewer: You ever the other names for graveyard? 533: Yeah cemetery. Mm-hmm Um Interviewer: Skull orchard? 533: Uh skull orchard no. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Memorial Park you know that's when you you know that's when you live in town wear a tie they bury you in Memorial Park and if Interviewer: Perpetual care? 533: Yeah mm-hmm. Like John Denver you ever heard that song? uh Oh lay me down in Forest Lawn in silver casket {C: singing} Interviewer: {NW} 533: With golden flowers over my head in a chromium basket {C: singing} Interviewer: {NW} 533: You oughta listen to it's a it's on a ah it's one of his first albums Poems, Prayers, and Promises maybe. Beautiful he sung it on Johnny Carson one night you know after he guest hosted about the tenth time. You know I've been to Forest Lawn. It's a joke. But anyway the song was about you know uh uh this little uh you know have a little man standing in the grass who will tip his hat when mourners pass {C: singing} Oh won't you lay me down in Forest Lawn in a silver casket {C:singing} Uh said uh the army will come over in a parachute and jump out and do a twenty-one gun salute you know and all that stuff. Eh it's making fun of the rich people getting buried I mean like I said what the hell? Interviewer: That sounds like it has a little bit more age to it then what I usually associate with John Denver but I'm not every. 533: Well he was yeah that's what he said after he got- he- he'd been on there several times and he said well I've been on here enough that I'm familiar enough people that I you know know I am going to offend some folks but he said by golly I'm going to sing it anyway. You know how he is I love John Denver. He may be a little weird I don't know but I think he's fantastic. I was digging John Denver and Kris Kristofferson and people like that uh I was going around like uh in sixty-five, sixty-four singing uh you know stuff like uh Ruby don't take your love to town. Interviewer: Hmm 533: That Mel Tillis wrote and uh uh loving her was easier than anything I'll ever do again and me and Bobby McGee and this kind of stuff. Roger Miller was recording some Kris Kristofferson stuff more or less his fillers on his album Can't Roller Skate in A Buffalo Herd #1 you know and uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: Engine Engine Number Nine and I really loved it and that was back uh when Janis Joplin came out with me and Bobby McGee and my h- my feelings where hurt course she was dead already you know by the time. um I really was because I thought God you know she butchers it you know because it's such a beautiful song. Kenny Rogers does the best version that ever done. How did we get on music? Jesus. Oh yeah singing songs about #1 funerals yeah graveyards okay. Man, I can get off on some dealings. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What funeral even Grace Slick likes John Denver that really surprised me. 533: Yeah well Grace Slick likes any man bout three times a week yeah mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 Alright # 533: #2 So she said. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard uh say a room in a house that is specially designed to receive a lot of sunlight can you name it now? 533: Oh you mean like the porch? You know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah the porch uh uh parlor you know a parlor we don't use that I don't know. It might use it jokingly you know take a girl by the arm and would you go with me to the parlor my dear? {C: impersonation} You know? But uh that was used you know on like especially like in the delta you know when they gotta house that's got you know eighteen rooms you know and downstairs reception area's the parlor you know. Uh Interviewer: I was thinking something like ah you ever heard of just a sun room or sun porch or 533: Yeah, there's sun porch but that's uh a little bit more modern now, you know. People will build a house with a sun porch and you think damn, he must be making twenty-two thousand a year you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh nah It's a porch you know its a back porch. Interviewer: Florida room? 533: Nah. When I think of a Florida room its one for the big black lady that plays on J-J you know? Interviewer: Oh. 533: You know the Florida room? No. Interviewer: Okay. What about a informal room of the house where you can just sit around and relax? 533: That's a den. A little guy in school one time his teacher asked him said uh you was asking about do you have a den do you have a den and he said no I don't need a den said my daddy just growls all over the house. You know he was thinking about lion's den. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: But uh yeah a den. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know family room uh has a different connotation you know. That's uh where the pool table is you know and this kind of thing but it's a den. Interviewer: What about uh room or bathroom that just has a sink and a toilet? 533: That's a half-bath. Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about things well the equipment you would use to heat and cool your house what would you call that? 533: Hmm. That's a central system you know uh depending on what it is air conditioner. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know s- you know central. You know people would say has it got central you know air and heat you know. Course when I was little central meant you know fire place in the middle of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: You know and like uh it's just central heat, air conditioner, heat pump you know that kind of thing. Interviewer: How would uh the cool air or the heat be circulated? 533: Uh by way of ducts with a T like quack quack or #1 see a bunch of little ducks out there flapping their wings # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Do you remember 533: Yea right. Interviewer: Were there? Okay. 533: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Uh Have you ever heard talking about different styles of houses uh a house may be with two big rooms that are completely separated from each other probably old-fashioned? #1 {X} # 533: #2 hmm # Interviewer: stay out in the country or something like that just uh completely separated by a 533: By hallway? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah I know the kind of house you're talking about. I don't know if it had any particular names uh you know. But you know like there'd be you know a kitchen and a bedroom over here and a bedroom and a living room over there and a hallway in the middle you know. Well like I said yesterday with a cistern and you know a well in the middle of the floor or something like that you know. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a dog trot house? 533: No. Never have used that one. Mm-hmm Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a hall and parlor house or a flying L? 533: Nah uh Interviewer: Like the elongated 533: #1 yeah I know what you're talking about yeah it turns off yeah mm # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: Nah. Interviewer: Are there any other distinctive styles for- for houses that you- come to mind? 533: Well you know um Like I said there used to be you know and I- and I despise when people say you know Joe's got his home for sale. I think my God you know his wife and his kids. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know because to me home was an atmosphere a house is what you live in. Uh but a house you know used to there were shotgun you know and there was farm house and uh you know tenant house. Tenant house was a little bit less of breed you know it was a low breed. You know. They had absolutely no paint you know no screens no porch you know and dogs running in and out you know that was a tenant house shotgun house you know farm house. Outhouse {NW} Interviewer: Right. 533: Chicken house and smoke house was another one you know but that's where chickens lived and where you smoked the meat but no particular. Whenever you say house you know of course somebody's got a nice house you say a big house it's I- I don't believe I've seen any particular distinction here that you would be looking for. Interviewer: Have you ever referred to a apartment a house or a apartment building as a tenement? 533: No. Interviewer: Does that mean anything #1 to you at all? # 533: #2 No. # Uh not really because tenant house is someone who lives on your place and helps you work the farm you know. But a duplex you know would be you know what a duplex is? That's just a duplex. But no that's an apartment house mm-mm. Interviewer: Does flat mean anything to you? 533: Uh flat to me uh kinda refers to like what we were talking earlier where a guy can go any crash you know you can get a cheap place that you and the lady that works at the other office can meet at {D: loon noon} you know. No flats around here. Interviewer: Uh 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Does row house mean anything? 533: Nah. Mm-mm Interviewer: What about a man who works in an apartment building who does minor repair work maybe electrical? 533: Maintenance man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about what one who cleans up? 533: Uh clean up women you know. {NW} Maid whatever. Interviewer: And the man who collects the rent? 533: Uh landlord, landlady whatever the case might be. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a few things that you have uh to take care of your garden and yard with? 533: You mean like a hoe? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Rake, shovel We're not too much on spade you know a spade is a spade you know a spade's a black man. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh and you call a spade a spade I sound like that daddy on that show that comes on Sunday morning you know. You ever seen where you know the guy takes a word you know and he'll say you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah. 533: Well like row hoe. Row hoe is the name of a famous rooster you know but you can't hoe a row. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 but you can't # hoe a row. I mean you can't row a hoe you know anyway uh yeah. But uh you know rakes, hoes, water hose uh and then you you moved to the other side of the street and mi- a man might call it a garden hose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: You know and- and uh and spade, but it's a rake and it's a hoe and it's a water hose. Interviewer: Mm 533: a tiller you know um a plow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm. What about something you cut the grass with? 533: A mower. Interviewer: Would you distinguish between one that's #1 small? # 533: #2 Uh # a riding mower or a push mower. Mm-hmm Interviewer: Now a push mower can that be like gas operated or 533: #1 oh yea it's just a- It's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: a mower you have to push you know man power you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: Um Interviewer: What about one that has no motor at all? 533: One of 'em {NW} things like that. Interviewer: It's actually a lawn mower but #1 it's really actually a twist # 533: #2 Yeah, yeah, I know that kind you're talking about. # Uh uh just a mower you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about something that you get uh down have to get down on your knees to use something with a handle and maybe tapered down? 533: Clippers? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 533: #2 Yeah you know. # Oh you mean um a little shovel? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah I don't know. Just a shovel. I think of a- of a sand box whenever you're speaking of that but you're talking about a little flower bed shovel. Eh it's just a little shovel. Interviewer: What if you've ever seen one that had maybe three little prongs on it? 533: Yeah. I don't know what they are. I've used 'em, but I don't know what you call 'em. Interviewer: #1 And what was that? # 533: #2 No. # I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: You mean that little rake with the blue handle you know. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if you had some hedges you wanted to uh shape up? 533: Eh you'd trim 'em, prune 'em. Interviewer: You would call the thing that you use? 533: Uh a hedge-trimmer mm-hmm or uh hedge clippers. Interviewer: Let's say if the tree had fallen down in your yard and you wanted to get it cut up there 533: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 very quickly. # 533: I'd use a chainsaw pop saw. Interviewer: Pop saw? 533: Yeah a pop saw or a power saw. Pop saw and a chainsaw and a power saw yeah it's just you know {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 You know? # Pop saw you know McCullough Homelite Interviewer: Yeah if it gets you crazy go for the chainsaw. 533: What's that? Interviewer: Well I'll tell it to you. 533: Okay. Interviewer: Ready for this? 533: Eh. Interviewer: Uh what about some different cuts of beef that come to mind? 533: Mm T-bone, sirloin uh You know. Chuck roast you know. Or shank when you get talking about you know shank portion, butt portion. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Ham Shoulder Interviewer: Talking about pork now? 533: That was you know that was pork uh but you know like steak say you got you know porterhouse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know uh T-bone, sirloin, rib eye so you know about it. Interviewer: Okay any other cuts of pork beside ham and shoulder? 533: Uh well not really like I said the butt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: The shank. You know uh well there's hog jowls, hog brains people eat brains, ears, feet, hog tails, chitterlings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: Uh but as far as you know distinguished cuts you know distinguished cuts uh let's go eat a t-bone. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Or bring me a sirloin. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What about lamb? 533: Eh no lamb around here I've never eaten lamb in my life. Interviewer: Not anything? 533: Nah. {NS} Interviewer: Say if you were going to fry 533: Guy asked me once how I was I said I guess not bad. {C: pronunciation} #1 But anyway um # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Right if you were going to fry a chicken you'd tell me to go out in store and buy a? 533: Buy a chicken. Oh or a fryer. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know but a chicken. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: What are we gonna have for supper chicken? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm are you buying # 533: #2 you know U-S-D-A # Grade A fryer's forty-five cents a pound but everybody says oh we'll get one of 'em chickens. Interviewer: Right. 533: You know. Interviewer: Anything different if you're going to broil it or roast it? 533: Eh not especially you know. Interviewer: Would you say broil or roast? 533: Well As I said technically they would if they were giving you the market reports you know broilers. You know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: Forty-five cents on an estimated slot of a million five hundred hit but you know- you know what that is but it's still a chicken. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know and if it's a turkey it's a turkey. Interviewer: Mm 533: You know. Now I don't know why because you don't go to the store and say hey give me that piece of cow over there you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: Or you don't say give me that you know that that uh cow roast. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: Which you would say chicken breast? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: {NS} I don't know weird. Interviewer: What about something that you would eat at a baseball game? 533: Hot dog Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: Apple pie and Chevrolet Interviewer: {NW} {X} 533: Mm #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 so # 533: Hot dog dogs you know um peanuts popcorn {NS} Interviewer: What about something that you would drink if you along with your hot dog? 533: Basically Coke. That's the general I think internationally accepted soft drink hey give me a Coke what kind you know. #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 Right. # So you use that term generally? 533: Yeah right you know. Interviewer: If I gave you a Pepsi then it 533: That don't make any difference you know you go to a place and say oh you know two hamburgers and two Cokes. All we have is Pepsi and I said hell give me a Pepsi I mean you know. It you know uh Interviewer: Give you an orange? 533: That ain't a Coke that's a orange yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Not a lot of kids you know give me an orange Coke. You know my kid used to I say you want a Coke she said yeah daddy but I don't want no brown one. You know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Give me one of them green ones. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh but if you want something specific you know do you have a Doctor Pepper that that type thing Mountain Dew. Um and usually um like in situations where you know like I'm heading up a- a refreshment stand at a ball game or a rodeo or something I say look I sell Cokes. You know maybe a Sprite maybe an orange for somebody that's allergic but I don't think anybody is this allergy business is like uh you know hysterectomies. Doctors do it because they know they make money out of it. You know. Uh But uh you know these people oh I can't eat that I'm allergic to flour. I say god darn. Allergic to flour then you're going to be allergic to candy you know and you know a lot of things you know bread, everything oh but all I need is wheat bread well that's got flour in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: Wheat flour but anyway uh uh thats what I I say that because you know people are gonna come up say you know give me a hamburger and a Coke. Interviewer: Yep. 533: And if you have to stop and say we don't have Coke we have Pepsi, grape, Sprite, Tab and Mister Pibb you know that takes up you could already have it poured and sold and had 'em out of the way. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 533: #2 so you know # Coke. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know. Interviewer: Mm 533: And for that reason I drink Coke the small six-and-a-half ounce thing is the only real Coke the other's are watered down you know it to me. Interviewer: For sure 533: Eh it tastes that way to me. I don't know. A real Coke isn't it's- I'd rather pay twenty-five cents for that little short Coke. The old original American Coke. Then I had to do uh you can pay the same price you know and get a twelve-ounce can but it's got too much carbonation in it and I I say good morning {NW} how you doing {NW} You know so uh yeah right. {NW} I got a tiger in my tank yeah. Interviewer: Can you explain tearing for beer you were? 533: So it's you know beer eh you know thats about it. Interviewer: What about a big sandwich with several different types of meat in it? 533: A dagwood. Yeah a dagwood. You talking about a po' boy you know and long you know with a po' boy to me uh carries the connotation of that big stupid bread you know. It takes you five minutes just to bite through the bread you know {C: music begins playing} one hunk of bologna in but yeah a po' boy. You know but eh a dagwood is kinda like when you make it at the house you know two slices, bacon, a piece of ham, mustard, peanut butter, jelly, cheese you know. Yeah you know just anything go on it that's a dagwood yeah. Interviewer: What about different things you could find at a bakery? 533: Eh donuts, cakes. Uh generally pastries you know uh these uh éclairs and all that kinda stuff I just say give me one of them you know. Interviewer: What about any special names for donuts made will jelly or something or some kind of thing? 533: Jelly donut I mean you know I don't know is there a special name? Interviewer: Oh well stuff like the long johns I think you say? 533: Nah. Interviewer: Bars? 533: Long johns is what I wear in the wintertime. Interviewer: Right. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah I know what they are yeah a cruller. You know they got the little you know funky swirls you know they come around look like a mickey twist used to a kinda chewing tobacco you could buy that was shaped like that you know twisted tobacco. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm. What about the sweet stuff you might spread on a donut what would you call it? 533: Glaze. Interviewer: Yeah what about on a cake? 533: Frosting. Interviewer: {X} 533: Mm-hmm frosting's thick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: A glaze would be like what you put on top of a uh- a say for instance a well I don't know like a fruit cocktail cake you know. You just put a little glaze across you know it's a sugar glaze. Brown sugar and cinnamon glaze or something like that. But a frosting would be you know like it reminds of you chocolate or coconut you big thick hunks of fattening stuff you know like I like. Interviewer: What about a hot frosting icing? 533: Well you know um I don't know it's about the same. I don't know. I guess it would be the same you know if I if somebody said hey you want to lick the frosting off or the icing off I don't know. Interviewer: What about these things you can get a McDonald's now they're a type of pastry? 533: Turnover. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah, apple turnover you know. Interviewer: What about a sweet 533: Or a danish. Yeah a danish. I says give me a danish and they usually say which kind do you want you know pecan or cinnamon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: Apple or you know uh see and really I'm a guy oughta be hard to please really. I read an old philosopher said that one time said a guy that that that uh neither prefers neither red nor blue should therefore have neither. You know and uh you know and I guess that's been one of my problems. So somebody say you know you want a- what do you wanna drink I said hang on I don't know just you know pour me something you know Coke anything that's why- as long as it's not a Tab or a Diet-right oh almighty you know send the drink manure and sugar. But um Interviewer: Are you familiar with coffee cake? 533: Yeah but not so much you know its you know a coffee cake uh usually doesn't have a good taste to me cause I like coffee. You know I do not like sugar and cream in it I don't like that I like coffee after a meal. I go to a restaurant you know and I say you know the lady comes around and says do you care for anything else I say yeah coffee please. So if you don't mind waiting a couple of minutes we're making a fresh pot. I say no give me the old one. You know because I like it to taste like coffee um anyway. Interviewer: What would you call that ring you're wearing? 533: Wedding band wedding ring. Interviewer: Any of the names for different types of rings {X} 533: Uh well Uh you know like I have a shrine ring, class ring, you know father's ring you know. Some people have a ring in their nose. {D: Some people have a ring around their collar.} And uh I mean uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Huh? Interviewer: {X} has one in his ear. 533: In his ear? Yeah. Oh well Interviewer: What about uh shorts mens or womens shorts that come down right about to the knee. What would you call those? 533: Well if it's a women I would call 'em pedal pushers if it were a man I would call him a sissy you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Pedal pushers that's what they used to call them you know. Uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah you know I don't know why you know they came down just a little bit below the knees and you know women rode bicycles in 'em. They were called pedal pushers. Weird term no body uses it I came in back with hula hoops you know and bobby socks and ponytails and you know high collars. But uh shorts, men cut-offs you know everybody calls 'em cut-offs now. Cut-offs goes from everything for blue jeans I wear cut-offs and when I get home I take off what I got on and I put on my cut-offs no shirt. You know I have to sometimes change drawers because the kind I got on now you know you just you know hang all out at the end of the- But uh Interviewer: Sure. 533: Eh which happened one day and I was mowing the yard you know I was on the riding mower had my little nephew there with me and uh you know had on a pair of cut-offs and some of those baggy drawers you know some people call 'em argos, baggies The kind your daddy wears you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: And he kept hollering wig, wig look and I remember looking and there I was you know half of me hanging out I put god what if you know somebody had stopped and was sitting there and talking to me you know I didn't know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: But anyway yeah cut-offs. {C: radio} Have moonie shorts I think that was in the days of uh well moonie shorts were kind of half-length. You know they came down covered up the wort you know on your thigh you know where the muscles overlap. But um I have some moonie shorts I know what you're talking about but that's the kind my daddy would've worn you know in nineteen fifty-eight you know not anymore. Interviewer: {X} 533: Short-shorts you know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Uh not really. You know not so much a question of you know women shouldn't wear 'em men shouldn't either you know that kind of thing but it's short-shorts. Interviewer: What about take uh clothes you have inherited from a older brother? 533: Hand-me-downs what I wore all my life you know. Interviewer: Would you call it any different say if you got it {C: radio} 533: Yeah its just one year older than you and all of that yeah hand me downs you know that makes sense. Interviewer: Ever heard of the {C: radio} 533: Yeah you know you know like stud clothes you know yeah uh yeah lot a lot a of terms high fashion. You know. You know uh I don't know it just depends on what you're talking about you know. Maude that used to be the word you know you were maude if you had {D: cannot find the word maude} a paisley print shirt and a funky little hat. Interviewer: Do people still say threads? 533: Yeah you know threads uh-huh. Interviewer: What about if you were going on a trip a type of bag that you might carry your clothes in? 533: Suitcase. Interviewer: What about one you know like you want to put a suit in it? 533: Uh fold over bag, hanging bag you know suit bag. Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright and a type of bag that you might store clothes in a closet you know during the winter? 533: Yeah uh storage bag you know. Interviewer: What about one that you get back to the laundry? 533: Well same thing its just a a laundry bag I mean you know on a coat hanger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. What kind of a a what you're wearing on your feet what would you call those? 533: Just boots well they're dress boots I think, but they're just boots you know. Interviewer: Any other boots? 533: Zip-up boots you know. Interviewer: Distinctive styles for mens shoes? 533: Uh you know cowboy boots, insurance shoes you know what those are? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 533: You know the the old saddle Oxford or you know the old stable saddle Oxford for like your insurance man, your funeral man, your banker wears you know. You know they got the little holes punched in them you know. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 533: Insurance shoes you know you buy one pair when you're twenty-five and don't throw 'em away until you're forty-five you know insurance shoes. Yeah. Interviewer: What about womens shoes? 533: Oh yeah high heels you know. Claudes uh clogs and you know wedges and you know just anything straps, heels. Interviewer: What about mens and womens hair styles? 533: Ah not so much as it used to be back in the days bouffant and all that stuff but eh you know flattops. curlies, frizzies, uh afros you know. It's a big joke when a white guy gets an afro you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh. Interviewer: Its like a blow-out. 533: Yeah right mm-hmm but a lot of people don't use blowout cause they afraid somebody will think it's a blow job and then you get all messed up you know. But uh yeah uh you know afros curly you know frizzy like Mac Davi- Mac Davis has got a curly but uh uh Gabe Ka- Gabe Kaplin I guess you would say has either an afro or a frizzy. I don't know. Interviewer: What about any names you've ever heard say uh a man who has womanish ways. What would you call him? 533: A puss you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Queer you know. Interviewer: Wouldn't that necessarily make him say queer. 533: Well you think homosexual is what you think someone who has you know tendencies to you know desire to be close to a man more so than a woman. But ah weird, weirdo you know. Uh. Interviewer: Any names 533: Sissy. Interviewer: for a male homosexual. 533: Uh just queer you know. Interviewer: Fag, fairy? 533: Yeah fag, fairy you know all of those you know. Interviewer: What about a female homosexual? 533: Well the the difference is I think that in- in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred and two they're harder to detect you know what I mean. Butch you know not a bitch but anyway. Eh you know. There's a lot of that around I said a lot, but you know there's equal amount I'm sure but everybody knows what a lesbian is but you know it's not as easy to spot one as it would be the guy in purple pants prissing down the road holding a cigarette high you know with his keys hanging out of his pocket you know. Anyway Interviewer: Yeah. Right. 533: A fairy. Interviewer: Would you ever say for a women nympho nymphomaniac? 533: Yeah. You know. That's uh in my opinion someone who never had a real man. Cause if she ever got a hold of one You'd stop that shit you know what I mean. This would be a- a woman who's a sexually overdriven or something like that life I said if she ever got ahold of a real man long enough she'd stop that stuff and say hey I believe I'll take you home with me. Uh you know but anyway. Interviewer: What about a man who like that uh sexually overactive? 533: Whoremonger you know. Uh I don't know. #1 not not as well # Interviewer: #2 Can you # names at all that that have anything to do with like somebody who is who thinks he's very uh 533: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Efficient. 533: Yeah who thinks he's good mm. Interviewer: He likes to sleep around. He doesn't care. 533: Cute-ass. No he's cute-ass. Thinks he's cute you know. Uh. Has uh No regard just so long as it's a woman you know. Like I told a guy one time I said well so-and-so had propositioned a snake you know. You'd hold it's head. But uh. And there's- there's- there's a lot of that around sure is you know I got absolutely no use for 'em. And uh. I don't know. My wife said something about somebody one time when I said well I just want to tell you that if he ever so much as looks at you you know he'll wish that he didn't. I just don't like a guy like that everybody he sees you know he's sizing 'em up as a sexual object you know. Uh. I mean because he's got a wife and three kids at home you know. How's he gonna like it when people do his uh daughter that way or his wife that way you know. {NW} But you know. He's a cute-ass. Actually everybody's got their own different names for it, you know. Interviewer: Any names for a woman who's kinda like that. Sleeps around? 533: Mm whore. You know. I mean you know. Kinda like being a nigger. I mean you know. You are who you are you know. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of any slang terms for very ugly boy or man? 533: Hmm. Nah. You know I mean you know I'm always saying something you know so- so-and-so looks like he caught in a fire and got beat out with a baseball shoe you know. Having reference probably to his terminal acne or something like that but um. Nah just ugly you know. Interviewer: No nouns though. 533: Nah, not- not especially you know. Interviewer: Well what about for a girl or a woman? 533: Hag. Snag-lightning. Uh. You know gag a maggot Stuff like that she gag a maggots you know. mm Interviewer: What about a dog? Is that still good? 533: Yeah dog, pig, hog. You know. That old saying a dog is a man's best friend say can be taken anyway you know. She ain't going to tell nobody she just proud to have a handsome rascal around you know. Uh Interviewer: Alright. What about a very attractive girl or woman? 533: She's a beaut you know. She's a real beauty. Fox. You know chick. Uh just everybody's got their own you know. Interviewer: Very handsome boy or man? 533: Um. I don't know. Just depends you know. {NW} Women you know what- what a man would comment Interviewer: It's either. 533: Eh a dude you know. The women would call him a fox you know and uh stud you know. That's what I'd call him you know. Interviewer: You ever heard of hunk? 533: Uh Yeah in in a sense of you know that's a mighty hunk of man there you know. But uh not so much as being a you know mister handsome as just being simply being a hunk you know. Well he's a hunk you know six, six-and-a-half and got a thirty-inch waist you know. He's a hunk. Probably also a meat head you know. Uh. Interviewer: What about the names for a very bookish person? 533: Book worm. Uh stuff like that you know nothing in particular. Interviewer: What about 533: Feel sorry for 'em you know. Interviewer: What about one who's always very anxious {X} teacher always thinking? 533: Brown-noser. No no no that's a different kind. Eh a brown-noser's the kind of guy who you know comes and say hey teach you looking good today. You know and he gets an A. Uh Or just happens to be sweet to the teacher so they happen to like him maybe he's handsome I don't know he would be a brown-noser. Uh I don't know. Teacher's pet. I mean you know that kind of thing. Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay. What kind of fence would you say you usually find around {C: radio} 533: Chain link. Chain link fence. Interviewer: And the building around the school where you play basketball? 533: That's the gym. Interviewer: What about a place {C: radio} 533: Uh restroom basement. I think it got the connotation of basement cause back in the old days the bathroom was on the lower floor you know. And uh you know even like when I was in third fourth grade the they uh did a one floor structure that you went to the basement. You know. That was cleaner then saying I got to go to the toilet you know. Interviewer: You every hear it called {X} 533: Mm not so much. No. Now you know you get up where you going going to the john. The head. {C:radio} Interviewer: {C: radio} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: {C: radio} 533: Uh yeah in general you know half-breed or you know chink mm. You know Chinamen whatever the case was Jap you know Interviewer: Alright you ever heard of anything for Vietnamese? {C: radio} 533: Well yeah chinks and charlies you know course it's depending on where you are if you're directly associated with 'em or if you're talking about 'em from three thousand miles away you know. But that was- that was you a lot of that came from {X} You know a chink. You know gook and a gong you know. Mm-hmm. Right no that's kinda the Vietnamese you know they were gooks and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about current {C: radio} 533: Yeah well You not talking about holy rollies are you? You know a holy roly is far from a Roman Catholic though Interviewer: Well I mean either. 533: Yeah. Oh yeah. I see what you mean. {C: radio} Uh. Roman Catholic uh you know {C: radio} You know. Not having much there. Holy roly like my grandmother you know. Uh You know dresses down below their- their knees. Uh Hair up on top you know this kind of stuff but if I said need for having a mustache you know that I've had all my life Uh but she hasn't cut her hair since my dad was two years old you know. Uh they'll they'll fuss about you know somebody wearing makeup but they have false teeth. You know and they'll fuss about a woman wearing pants but they have on pantyhose and high heels. And they'll you know whine about somebody wearing excessive jewelery but they dye their hair. You know so what they're gagging and {D: mat-swallowing} a camel you know- you know what I mean. At least that's what I tell 'em you know and uh they say something about this that or the other you know and whether is mall or whatever and I say well you know uh and they used to think that I was just trying to be a smart-ass but I was trying to make a point. You know that's- they- they pick out something that you do and I say well uh grandma, you had nine kids. You know. You were married to two different men. Uh you know I mean so I mean uh you know if we're going to hell you'll burn just as hot as I do and if you're going to heaven then you're going to be just as far back in the crowd as me. You know so uh you know like I said I everybody has different opinions on things uh you know basically if it's right, it's right and if it's wrong, it's wrong. You have to answer for yours and I have to answer for mine. Methodists uh I pick at 'em. You know and everybody's always talking about well I'm just like a Baptist I get on the back seat you know. But um basically ah you know they're all going to the same place and looking for the same man you know uh for the same reward. And uh if you get in a serious conversation I just challenge 'em I say okay Methodists show me in the Bible where you sprinkle you know and I say show me where they baptize and I'll sure do it you know. Oh yeah. And uh sure I know that the Bible says that women should not uh ordain their hair and all this stuff and men should cut their hair and look slick and all this uh You know But uh you know that's old testament stuff. And uh people get all carried away on uh what Paul told the Corinthians you know. He told them you know about not to marry and all this kinda stuff but if he was got to take into context that he was a telling a specific people a specific thing. UH you know which to deal just like Martin Luther King telling the blacks not to buy from you know the Jews or the you know the crazed department stores. This was a specific instruction to accomplish a specific purpose and it doesn't mean that everybody from now until the end of time is supposed to try and not to get married but it's better to marry than burn you know. You know if you get horny, get married you know that's about what a lot of people take it to mean. Uh {C: radio} and that was you know to a specific people that was having a specific problem I mean like I said a lot of people get all carried away so you have to I think take it and read your little footnotes and go back in Romans and read and see what it says there and then come back over to you know. Uh but anyway fundamentalists they're holy rollies. Dang I can get off on a subject you know. Interviewer: {C: radio} 533: None of the Jews you know. No there's not that many of 'em around here. Interviewer: What about ah Germans? {C: radio} 533: Krauts. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. They're Krauts. Germans are Krauts. Or {X} You know. Uh. That's a Kraut. Interviewer: {C: radio} 533: Yeah. Mm-hmm. {C: radio} Mm {C: radio} Nah not really. Like I said it's just so occasional around here you know. Interviewer: {C: radio} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: {C: radio} 533: {D: Yeah a Polack} {D: Polack} {D: Polack and you know people make jokes about the Polacks.} Mostly because they don't know anything about 'em. That's the way you do you make jokes about people you or things you that you do know about or things that you absolutely know nothing about. {D: Uh not enough Polacks around here to worry about there's no} {D: Raseiniskis} around here or anything like that. You know {D: Deboradnie} is about as hard as it gets around here. Otherwise it's Smith, Jones, Huffman, Davis, Dindy, you know. Interviewer: What about Russians or uh Czechs? 533: Nah. I mean a Czech's a Czech you know. But um not particular distinction unless they talk funny. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 533: You know. Interviewer: Lithuanians? 533: Yeah I don't know. They they really are something you know eh. Interviewer: What about Englishmen or Irishmen? 533: Nah. I mean you know the Irish or English, you know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Nah. Mm. Mm. Interviewer: What about Scots or French? 533: No not particular. Interviewer: Louisiana French? 533: Well you know that's a- that's a Cajun but eh where that came from really it wasn't French it was uh the Arcadia Province and course I'm sure you know about that. And uh when I got mixed with a southern drawl you know the people from Arcadia {C: radio} they were Arcadians. {D: But it's like Injuns you know Indians and } {D: Injuns} You know and uh let's say he's a Cajun he's an Injun you know and people shorten it to be C-A-G-S-C-H-A-U-N. And a real French uh kid went to I mean a little Spanish kid to him and one time and said what the hell is a Cajun. {C: pronunciation} You know C-A-H-U-N. {D: I mean C-A-J-U-N you know like a got a little hagwares and drive like gel} And he wanted to know what a Cajun {C: pronunciation} was but Cajun. Interviewer: What about Coonass? 533: Yeah Coonass. That's what they call themselves that's you know that's a pride name like hey I'm a hillbilly hey I'm a redneck hey I'm a Coonass you know they got bumper stickers Coonasses do it better But they also got 'em you know uh rodeo-er rodeo-ers do it in the dirt you know uh you know coonhunters do it in the dark. Interviewer: Divers do it deeper. 533: Yeah mm-hmm right. Truck drivers do it better you know faster. Interviewer: What about uh uh French or Greeks? 533: Nah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Cubans, Puerto Ricans? 533: Well you know that- that now started mixing it up with dago you know. You know. Interviewer: Which one or both? 533: Well just according to how they're mixed you know but a Cuban you know a spic Interviewer: Uh Mexicans? 533: Well spic uh has to do with anything that that speaks more or less Spanish you know and you know has a Spanish connotation spic somebody south of the border. Huh? Interviewer: Ever wetback? 533: Well wetback yeah but there's not that many you know. Not- not a big thing around here. A wetback around here would probably be a terrapin you know for a water turtle. You know beaver, mink or something like that. Interviewer: What about Scandinavians or Canadians? 533: Nah I mean a foreigner you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know a foreigner. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Right. 533: But um Interviewer: Eh what would you call somebody who comes into town nobody has ever seen him before? 533: Well stranger you know. Interviewer: Would you ever use that word foreigner to mean uh somebody not necessarily from a foreign country? 533: Uh not especially uh the foreigner would be used for somebody who you know would have a very strange ah dialectical you know form, that is something that's weird around here course you know we can handle the Yankees and you know and an occasional Chinese But uh you know somebody that was you know that's totally foreign to us you know. Which uh I don't think would involve you know you know um the Virginians talking about the outhouse. {C: pronunciation} And uh the Oklahomans saying I'm going to town for {C: pronunciation} breakfast you know. Uh but um I'm talking about someone really foreign you know. Yeah, super foreign Interviewer: We can get through and be done with the questions in a few minutes. Uh what would you call members of the two major political parties in this country? 533: Democrats and Republicans. Whigs and Tories. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: No. Interviewer: Joking, right? 533: Yeah, Democrats and you know Republicans you know. Interviewer: You mentioned in the conversation uh hippie um are there are there still such critters as hippies around? 533: Uh now and then you know uh Extremely long hair, greasy, dirty looking. Uh the only thing they've changed a little now they don't wear flowers anymore they wear earrings. Interviewer: Right. 533: You know. Look like they're spaced out you know it's not so much a hippie anymore you know. Interviewer: What about when you were growing up a- a friend of yours member of the same stakes you that you were very close to you'd say that's my? 533: Buddy. It's my friend, my pal. {NS} Interviewer: Have you ever heard any names for uh a surrogate parent? Like uh growing up who really who's spent a lot of time with the child although it's not his own? 533: Its like Uncle Tom you know I mean Interviewer: Do you just have a general word that you use 533: No I mean you know but ah you know just uh you know. Mm-hmm Interviewer: Well maybe not even a relative. 533: Mm-hmm. Well that's what I mean a guy that you know he maybe he wasn't married and he'd come over and he'd took you fishing and stuff like that you might get in a you know a habit to call him Uncle Rex or you know Uncle Bob. You know uh This is you know basically family orientation not you know and a lot of people you know their- their grandparents are Pa-paw Tom Pa-paw Neil, Papa John you know uh. That kind of stuff Granny Sybil you know. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of anything like a play-mama or play-daddy? 533: Uh you mean like nannies and stuff like that? Nah. Mm-mm Interviewer: Okay. What about maybe when you were growing up a group of fun that you associated with regularly and you considered yourself a group? 533: You mean like a gang being part of the gang no not really This is just me and my buddies you know what I mean? No we didn't have gangs uh now we might speak of a gang of boys meaning you know like eight or ten guys you know out doing something you know just a whole gang of 'em but we'd also use {D: passel} and slew. A whole slew of 'em. {D: Whole passel of 'em.} The whole kit and caboodle you know. Interviewer: Okay. Maybe in your neighborhood was there ever anything that a new kid who moved in had to go through before he was accepted into the group? 533: Uh maybe it was but it was no set of rules you know what I mean. Usually I took up with the new kid in a hurry because uh you know I'd been a new kid myself at one time and I had to you know take up with myself you know. {C: radio static} And like I said I just walked into the third grade class and started being you know part of the bunch you know. I got paddlings you know I told jokes. Uh I had the lead part in the two school plays that year you know. And so I knew how it was to be a new kid and so I just wanted them to feel comfortable you know. But there were no particular set of rules that they had to go through. Uh after a while you know they got to be friends with somebody you'd go spend the night with 'em. You know. Interviewer: But no kind of initiation? 533: Eh no initiation no. Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of any kind of of a verbal game that involved one person kinda without insult and the other one be with insult and this one and this one comeback and try to top it. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: And that might have been a fight? 533: Mm-hmm. Just arguing. You know proving a point. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of ranking the plays that doesn't? 533: No. Just hassling somebody. Black people calling it meddling. He's meddling with me. You know. Interviewer: What about kinds of games you play when you were a child. Maybe like hiding games or running games? 533: Eh. Hide-and-seek. Yeah hide-and-seek and of course we played war and we played cowboys and Indians you know and cops and robbers. We played hide-and-seek and chase. Chinese chase that's when somebody they touch you you've got to put your hands on the spot they touch and run until you catch the next guy you know. If they you know like a- you know they reach and get you from behind you know and just barely touch you on the tail you know and you got to put your hand on your hip and run around you know one-handed like. And the real fun part was you know to uh to have to jump and touch somebody on the ankle you know he'd have to run around holding his ankle that he caught. That was Chinese chase. Uh and we played tag and you know we had bases. And uh you know just stuff like that. Interviewer: Any kind of game that you ever played maybe when you had a line of kids? 533: Uh you mean like eh red rover red rover send Tommy right over yeah. You know we played Annie over which was you know one kid got on one side of the tin top house and one get on the over you know you hollered Annie over and then threw the ball over and I forget how it goes now if it went over it was something if it didn't go over it was something else. Interviewer: Any games with marbles? 533: Oh yeah we played marbles you know man all the time you know we couldn't they wouldn't let us play for keeps you know that was kinda like gambling you know if you if you play with a marble and a guy beat you you know you could keep that marble you know that the- the marble that you beat him with yeah you keep his marble. Uh but we played uh you know four-hole uh four-hole marbles you know five, ten and fifteen. Uh well the first hole didn't count cause you was there anyway and then it was a five-point hole, ten-point hole you know and fifteen-point hole was way over here and you made the first hole, the second hole, then the third hole {C: radio} then you had to come back without missing and then when you got the first hole again you legged for the hole that was way off and you got fifteen points you know. Interviewer: Any games with a knife? 533: Uh stretch we played stretch. Uh it's you know two guys standing face to face they pull out their pocket knives you know and you- you um you throw the knife out there away from his leg and he has to stretch to the point where the knife stuck up in the ground if the knife didn't stick then you didn't have to stretch. And then you'd get him you'd get him straight out like that see and as far as he could go if you throw it between his legs and it sticks up you have to turn around so he can throw the knife backwards. And uh you know that kind of thing. And you know you play chicken and if he was going to throw the knife into the guy's foot you know and also you you play chicken with you know cigarettes you put your arms together and you drop a lighted cigarette on your arm you know and the guy that chickened out first you know. Just crap games you know its stuff like that. Interviewer: Were there any particularly rough games that you'd play? 533: No you know just sports you know. Roughhouse was a kind of football when everybody was against everybody which uh more or less amounts to uh naked soccer I guess you would say everybody was against everybody you know they when they tackled you well then you uh everybody got behind you in a wad kinda like a huddle and you just threw the ball straight up over your head the man that got it- got it and everybody else went out to tackle him beat the hell out of him or whatever you know. And I enjoyed that one I- I still like the play roughhouse it's a lot of fun because you know it you're you know you and me against- you and the football against the world. If you got the ball son uh you know you're the target And uh But you know nothing in particularly rough uh you know we had you know our little wars you know with corn cobs and uh you know cow piles and stuff like that you know. But no particular you know real dangerous hellacious games or anything like that we you know. Interviewer: Any ring games you ever play? 533: Hmm? Interviewer: Ring games like black ring you know? 533: Uh no we used to play those at parties like you know uh spin the bottle you know boys and girls get in a circle you know and you put the bottle on the floor and you spin it and the one it landed on you you had to take 'em around the house you know Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh-huh which wasn't even any fun until I got about seventeen Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh you know. Yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: What kind of parties do you have 533: Ah you like somebody's birthday party you know this kind of thing you know. And uh uh that was about it and then the occasional birthday party you didn't have birthday parties every year. I don't even know if I had one in my childhood but I don't believe I did. Might have my brother had one one time. That was kinda girl stuff you know- you know girl have a party. Interviewer: Any kind of party that you had when you were in college? 533: Uh I never was much of a party guy you know because uh I'm an individual in this because everybody's at parties yeah they used to have 'em you know eh graduation parties and now this one guy's daddy had a lake you know and a bunch of lake houses and we'd go down there and have a party and everybody got zonked out of their minds and I'd go in and I'd just didn't you know I didn't like to get drunk I mean you know I said well if I'm going to do something enjoy it or not I at least want to have my own mind about me so the more I can say damn I won't do that anymore or hey boy I like that I want to go back and do that again. Uh yeah but you know just parties beer partied you know whatever. Interviewer: Uh yeah did you call it a beer bus? 533: Nah just a- just a party. Yeah just a party. Interviewer: What kind of music do you listen to? 533: I like it all. Uh you know I- I can stand you know Chopin and stuff like that a little Mozart every now and then but um you know country and western uh some classical. Uh rock uh all different kinds of music I'm really I like it all you know there's certain parts of all of it that I don't like as well but you know I can- I can dig any of it. There's a degree of satisfaction in all of it. Uh I like good lyrics I really I'm a lyric nut I love lyrics and uh by that I find a lot in songs that other people don't ever find you know. I said oh that what that thing's saying? God almighty. You know uh but you know I like it all. I like I especially like to dig out the lyrics you know and and uh- and see what it means to me I don't try to guess what the guy was thinking necessarily but you know. Because uh a fellow can be super happy and look back on a time when he was not and write a song like uh you know Sunday Morning Coming Down. Kris Kristofferson wrote one one time that probably nobody amount to anything ever heard except close friends of mine I'd bring 'em around I'd say listen to this listen at the pain he remembers you know The song is uh it was wintertime in Nashville down on music row when I was looking for a place to get me out of the cold to warm the frozen feeling that was eating at my soul and keep the chilly winds off me and my guitar. You know? And uh you know So we stopped I can't remember now I'd have to go back and do the whole sequence over but Anyway Um with a pocket full of empty uh with a stomach full of empty and a pocket full of dreams I dropped my pride and stepped inside a bar. Actually I guess you'd call it a tavern cigarette smoke to the ceiling, sawdust on the floor and friendly shadows And actually the devil was- he met up with the devil there you know there was an old man sitting at the bar and in the mirror I could see him checking me and my guitar and he said come on up here boy and show us what you are and I said I'm dry so he bought me a beer. Anyway he goes on telling about you know the conversation they had and uh He says the old man was stranger but I'd heard his song before back when failure had me locked out on the wrong side of the door and no one stood behind me but my shadow on the floor and lonesome was more than just a state of mind So you could still hear me singing to people who don't listen to the things that I'm saying and praying someone gonna hear Uh you know like I said uh I- I know- I know where he was. You know he was he had finally come to the realization that that uh he had met up with one of his hardest times and and he beat it- the name of the story is beat to beat the devil. And he said well I ain't saying I beat the devil but I did drink this beer for nothing. And then I stole his song and then he goes back into the song that the devil So anyways like I said I'm- I'm a I'm a lyric writer {C: radio} Interviewer: Why don't you go ahead and mention a few of those those albums? {X} 533: Yeah well you know we were talking about shoes that You mentioned what do you call- you said what do you call those that you have on and I said boots you know which is a stupid thing to say I mean you knew they were boots, right? {NW} But then I got to thinking well there's a lot a you know different kinds of shoes you know slippers and loafers and you know sandals and things like this that everybody knows but we used to have plow shoes. Plow shoes. Excuse me I'm smoking a pipe I get that junk all over me. But um But a plow shoe was like a what you might call a- a A not-so-fancy brogan you know brogans what you call a little baby's white shoes or something you know that they wear comes up to to about the ankle and a plow shoes were uh kinda a rough hard leather Uh Flexible but you know sturdy and they had a the regular eyelets up to you know about six or eight of them and then on up uh to the toward the ankle they had uh these steel eyelets you know metal anyway and you didn't lace into them you just kind of- it was a wraparound thing Anyway you know everybody wore plow shoes they had a they were durable as the dickens you know and you could wear 'em and pass 'em down to your kid brother et cetera et cetera. So you know Course moccasins you know we had moccasins and tennis shoes T-E-N-N-Y {C: pronunciation} not tennis shoes you know tennis shoes. {pronunciation} Yeah well you know it was tennis shoes I {C: pronunciation} I never knew Why they called them tennis shoes. {C: pronunciation} until I realized at some ripe age probably twelve or fourteen that there was a game called tennis and it was tennis shoes you know. But anyway on to greater things. Interviewer: Alrighty. Have to do uh some things that have to do with greetings and uh. How would you greet somebody about {X} 533: Morning. Howdy. How are y'all something like that. Interviewer: If you said morning what would be the latest time of the day you would say that? 533: Uh just before twelve noon. You know After that it's uh afternoon course not a lot of people Uh just cause I do it that way doesn't mean everybody does but You know you ask somebody say you know what time does um the Beverly Hillbillies come on they say this evening. And this evening means you know something like three oh clock you know Uh Interviewer: So there's no clear distinction? 533: No there's no distinction between say this afternoon and saying this evening. We were talking about out here and in the office today and somebody said Said something about What do they mean this afternoon? In the summer time is at six oh clock because in the winter six oh clock is dark and that would be considered this evening. You know and he was writing an article he said should I say this afternoon at six or should I say this evening at six tonight at six today at six. And uh so it is you know and people around here you know they say hey won't y'all come over for dinner some day? And that means be there at twelve noon ready to eat. Uh Then some other areas someone says why don't we meet for dinner that means you know see you at seven. You know we'll eat at eight. Uh So it- it varies you just it's kinda it's colloquial to the point that you have to know who you're talking to I mean it's- it's not a confusing thing but you just uh you can perceive for the most part what they're- what they mean. You know when they say this evening or This evening. {C: pronunciation} This afternoon tonight you know. That's kinda the way we do it. Interviewer: What would you say if you were leaving somebody for a period of time? 533: I'd just simple stuff uh you know bye see you later. You know something like that uh. If you were being proper uh good afternoon Okay. You know something like that. Interviewer: Would you ever say good day? 533: Uh yeah. Possibly you know Good day Pull the old Paul Harvey trick you know? Good day. But um Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah right right {NW} Interviewer: What about {X} good night? 533: Uh probably just good night or goodbye. You know. See you tomorrow. You know. Uh no uh good evenings uh If I were doing a newscast you know come on with that you know the heavy stuff the loud Jeffery Hendricks approach you know. Uh I'm Jeffery Hendrick W-L-S news good evening it's nine fifty-nine. {C: impression} You know this kind of thing but otherwise Good night you know. Interviewer: Uh 533: Good night is kind of a sign off I mean you know if you say good night that's it and a good evening you know has a connotation either way you know either bye bye or hello you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: Good evening. Interviewer: That's where about what I want to get to. If a farmer went out to work very early then I say he went into the field before the sun? 533: Four A-M. Right before the sun came up Interviewer: {X} 533: Risen nah but If I was out there working before the sun come up you know. Interviewer: #1 Okay. I just # 533: #2 You know. # There's an old joke about golly you must've got up before breakfast you know. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Which of course you had to do but that having reference to say you know four three or four oh clock in the morning. Interviewer: {X} Or a man might say this morning I saw the sun 533: Come up Or rise yeah. Saw the sun rise. Now the sun rise is really the sun rise in other words a noun you know something that you are looking at it is a thing or a happening as the case is. If you see the sun rise uh around here it would be you see the sun come up. But if you're going to go out with some chick and lay on the beach until the sun till you see the sun rise you're waiting to see a particular object you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: So Interviewer: And yesterday I saw the sun 533: Set Mm-hmm Interviewer: Or yesterday at five oh clock the sun? 533: Yeah the sun rose. Mm-hmm right. Yeah yeah excuse me. I am you are he is essential. Interviewer: {X} 533: Conjugations Interviewer: What about this expression say if somebody came to see you not the past Sunday but the one before that you would say? 533: Sunday before last A week ago Sunday you know Interviewer: Okay. 533: Two Sundays ago Interviewer: Right. 533: If it was on If it was on Monday or Tuesday you know you would say two Sundays ago. Ah some people get it all You know they bundle themselves down with 'em they say ah around here they say you know a week ago this past Sunday. But it's confusing sometimes when they use that because they'll say a week ago Tuesday. And you don't know if they meant the Tuesday that has just passed you know like if its on Thursday or Friday. You don't know if it was the Tuesday that just passed or you know the be a week ago from the coming Tuesday so you know. You know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What if he is coming to see you like this coming {X} 533: That's Sunday after next. Yeah. Interviewer: Sunday week? 533: Uh yeah. Sunday week they still use that and a lot of people on Sunday. You ask 'em you know are- are you going to Jackson soon? They say yeah first of next week. Which means Monday morning bright and damn early but here it is Sunday afternoon and they're saying You know first of next week. uh You know my mother and daddy used to use that you know I'd say well you know next week we'll do so and so and you do it on Monday. You know and I thought well is Sunday the start of the week or is Monday the start of the week but You know That's next- next a week That's N-E-X-T-A-W-E-E-K Next a week Interviewer: Right 533: Like after a while. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Has somebody 533: Hey Doug. Nah he's got a program he's going to the other side. {NS} Interviewer: House from the first of the week you said he's stayed about 533: Couple of weeks A while really is what I'd say. Cause if anybody stayed at my house two weeks I would soon forget how close a friend he was probably you know. Interviewer: What kind of {X} 533: Uh right I'd say uh bye. Interviewer: {NW} 533: You know. Interviewer: Right. 533: We call that wearing out your welcome. Interviewer: Sure. {X} 533: Mm Interviewer: {X} 533: Mm Interviewer: Does anybody around here use fortnight? 533: Not really. The only place I've ever the use of the word fortnight is on channel two And I watch educational T-V you know I Interviewer: {X} 533: Ah well you know Barnabas Collins You know sucking blood out of some broad for a fortnight you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: A fortnight I always thought to be an Indian term when you went to the forest and spent the night you know. Mm-hmm right. We're coming up on a fortnight. You know. Interviewer: Okay you say Wednesday is today you so Thursday is something 533: Tomorrow Interviewer: Alright and what would you say if you wanted to know the time {X} 533: Hey what time is it? Yeah. Interviewer: Say if it were fifteen minutes later than ten past ten what time is it? 533: Quarter to eleven Ten forty-five Interviewer: What if it were midway between seven and eight? 533: Eh. Seven thirty half past the hour is really not a a common thing around here but it's you know it happens uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know. Uh mostly seven thirty. Basically the simple approach I guess you know. Interviewer: Say that you've been doing something for a long time you say I'm been doing that for what? 533: Quite a while Quite some time um Yeah. Interviewer: And now the weather 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What if I go outside and I say well I don't like this cause it's dark? 533: Clouds. Interviewer: Okay. What if it's 533: Not everybody you know this you know s- According to who it is but they have different words for it you know- you know? Uh clouds you know the dark skies some people just call it the sky you know they don't distinguish between the clouds and the you know there is a cloudy sky. I don't like the cloudy sky. You know this kinda thing but uh basically it's just cloud you know. Billows yeah that stuff you sing about in church you know. Interviewer: Right. {NW} 533: But um it's just plain old clouds. Interviewer: Okay. Say if it's a day like today maybe a few clouds, sunshine the kind of day you like. You would say it's what kind of day? 533: You mean in reference to the sky? I mean you know like partly cloudy? Interviewer: No not even kind of weather. 533: #1 Well it's a nice day. Yeah mm-hmm. Yeah, it's a nice day. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 533: Now beautiful day is when there's no clouds. Interviewer: Okay. 533: You know. And a gloomy day is when there's all clouds you know. Interviewer: Alright. 533: Or nasty uh there's a certain kind of Indian summer you know an Indian summer is kind of uh the sky it's uh hazy you know hazy low hung clouds you know this kind of thing it's- it's maybe it's warm maybe it's humid but it's a it's an Indian summer day. And a dog day. It's one that's hotter than hell. You know I mean it's just hot son I mean it's hot. A few clouds hanging in there low and it's humid you go outside and you're sure suddenly it's not secret you know. And uh Interviewer: {X} 533: {NS} Right you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh You wished everybody used dye on that. Interviewer: Okay back at weather 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well it's just uh the clouds are getting thicker and darker and figure you're gonna be having some rain what would you say the weather is doing in a situation like that? You'd say it's kind of? 533: Mm-hmm. Huh I don't know weather's changing you know. Fixing to have a storm I mean you know. Just um Interviewer: It's threatening rain? 533: Yeah. Threatening weather Mm-hmm and now that's if you are you know you're gonna have a storm that's threatening weather yeah. Interviewer: Kay. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you say it's it's doing if it's like that where the clouds begin to pull away and the signs 533: Breaking off. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Breaking off breaking off back up in the north you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Now and then- after it breaks for a little while it starts clearing off Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 see. # But it's gotta break off before it can clear off. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of faring off? 533: Yeah it fares off you know. Uh faring off is kind of like you know you get up in the morning and it faring off Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 Hey you know. # {NW} Interviewer: {X} 533: Because you didn't know you didn't know there was a lot of clouds are doing at night so you don't know that it broke off. Interviewer: Sure. 533: You know and uh You can't swear that it cleared off you just know that it fared off Interviewer: #1 Alright # 533: #2 you know. # Yeah I never thought about that. That's kind of strange you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Hey it fared off last night you know. Interviewer: {NW}. 533: Sound like somebody playing uh you know golf you know. Faring off teeing off. Interviewer: Yeah. Sure. Fare away why not? 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call a a lot of rain just in a short while maybe a couple of inches in an hour? 533: Uh Interviewer: You say you had irregular? 533: Gully washer. {NW} Yeah. Frog strangler. Uh you know a flood you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: But I would say gully washer yeah downpour same thing. Everybody has their own little terms you know? Cow pissing on a pole bridge you know this kind of thing. {NW} Interviewer: What? 533: Pole bridge. Interviewer: Pole bridge? 533: You know bridge made out of poles. Interviewer: Oh. 533: You can imagine how it would run through you know just whamming or straight through right okay. Interviewer: {X} 533: Or a flat rock is the same Interviewer: #1 Yeah right. # 533: #2 thing though right? # Interviewer: God I've hear that before. 533: But that splatters a lot but the pole bridge son it goes straight through it just in hard streams you know so that was you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: There's a difference in the flat rock they're in a pole bridge {D: seriously.} Interviewer: Is it raining pitchforks and needles? 533: {X} yeah right Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And I used to sit there and imagine you know when I was a kid like four years old you know and I would sit there and imagine you know I could look out there and I could see that like when it hits the puddles you know when it comes up in little spears and all that luck Yeah oh yeah it is pitchforks you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: But I've seen it rain so hard uh that you know you could go out in the yard and find a little fish. You know a little menace goldfish you now. {C: radio} Ah {NW} Mm. {NS} No. Got some kind record on it probably over driving a little bit. {NS} {NW} {NS} That's a thunderstorm. {NS} Well electrical storm yeah you know right but uh around here you usually get some rain you know. Interviewer: Right. {X} 533: Oh yeah the devil's whipping his wife. {NS} Hey {NS} Interviewer: {X} 533: Mm-hmm. Sorry {NW} Yeah Well they we when see when- when you flip a mic on an air see it- it opens these up in here too see. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Gonna switch it back. Yeah you know the devil's whipping his wife uh you know this kind of thing. {NW} Interviewer: Uh {NW} {X} outside of the line the wind came along and {NS} 533: Blow 'em down. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Now Blow 'em off you know it's quite a which one that did you know if it blew them blew 'em down or blow 'em off. Interviewer: Alright okay. 533: Blowed 'em away. Interviewer: Right. 533: Is really what you were looking for I guess. Interviewer: I would say the wind has? 533: That's blown them d- you know. Interviewer: And the wind will? 533: {NW} Will continue to blow you know right. Interviewer: What is the uh the wind that's coming from the {NS} {NS} 533: Southerly. Interviewer: {X} {NS} 533: Blowing from the south you know. Interviewer: {D: that way} 533: And northerly. Interviewer: {X} 533: I mean you know northeast was {X} yeah. And this {NS} Yeah northeasterly southwesterly you know southeasterly northwesterly yeah you know. {NS} East-west. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh {NW} {NS} you know {NS} you say {NS} It's a westerly wind you're meaning the course that the wind is from the west you know not blowing to the west. {NS} And if you start trying to explain it people go What's he talking about you know? {NS} You know right wind blowing from the west to the east at about you know {X} hell if it's west, it's west you know. So {NS} Interviewer: About a a rain it's bound to get wet in. 533: That's a drizzle. You mean like a sprinkle? Or drizzle? You're- Interviewer: Are they about the same? 533: Well uh a sprinkle is simply that you know just drops. Just drops occasional drops but a drizzle is a light very slow just almost a a uh. What would you call it? Let me see. Well just- just a little bitty rain Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 533: #2 Just a # tiny rain you know it just- just drizzles a little bit you know? Um but a sprinkle is just drops. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Drip drip drip you know? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people say it's misting outside? 533: Yeah well a misty yeah. Misty and a drizzle. A drizzle I think is a little bit heavier than a mist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know a mist is just that. It looks like a mist but a drizzle uh is just a light light rain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about this stuff that you might drive into in a in a {NW} a in a low area dangerous to drive in? 533: Fog. Yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: And you would call that what kind of day? 533: Mm. Foggy day yeah. Low lying fog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Or as they say now there's fog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know. Interviewer: What about if you don't for a couple of weeks without rain? and you'd say you're having? 533: A dry spell. Interviewer: And if it gets more serious you'd be having? 533: Mm-hmm. Well you'd be having a drought really but it'd just be a serious dry spell. Drought I think is more or less a westerly term you know it's out there where the ground cracks open and that kind of thing. Around here it just gets dry. I know. {NW} Interviewer: Say if the wind has been very gentle but it starts getting stronger. 533: Hmm. Interviewer: What would you say? 533: Kicking up. Wind's kicking up or picking up you know uh. It's about basically that Actually what it's doing is becoming you know uh more of a weather factory you know more intense and uh. It's picking up. Interviewer: Okay What if it's just the opposite? It's been strong but it's getting more more gentle? 533: Hmm Well winds are you know getting calm you know. Becoming calm or nearing nearing calm. Um backing off it's you know it's coordinated if you're if if you're doing in a an informative manner or if you're just chit-chatting with a buddy you know. Man that wind is backing off and maybe we can go flying today you know. But if you're on the air or making a report of some type you know then the wind has you know eased to two miles an hour this kind of thing. Breeze. A light wind would be a breeze you know and a a wind uh ten to fourteen miles an hour would be a you know you might say a short gust. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know. Interviewer: How would you describe {NW} weather maybe like on an early fall morning it's a little bit on the cool side but? 533: Nippy. Interviewer: comfortable 533: Crisp. Yeah. Kind of crisp or nippy. Mm-hmm. I use the word nippy you know. Chilly things like that. It depends. Interviewer: After you go outside and you have a light coating of white on the ground you'd say you have a little? 533: You mean snow or dew? Interviewer: Snow but. 533: Hmm. Interviewer: Something else kind of ice? 533: Sleet yeah. You know like sleet? Interviewer: Or? 533: Frost uh yeah frost yeah okay. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 533: #2 Alright. # Interviewer: Are there different kinds {NW} or more severe? 533: {NW} Well there a heavy frost you know light frost uh and there's just a plain frost. It depends uh the light frost you know they kind of start with a heavy frost because you know you had seen one in six months you know. And it looks heavy. And then you'll have a light frost. Then you'll get accustomed to it and it's just a frost you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh It's kind of like the old bit about a dash of salt or dab of salt you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Or a smidgen. Uh believe it or not there's you know there's differences you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: Like you know Interviewer: {NW} 533: A smidgen goes a smidgen is how much you can hold between your you know your thumb and your forefinger and a dash is just a dash you know. A dab is a maybe couple of dashes and a and a smidgen. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And uh you know Wise man told me once and I said how- how'd how'd you do it? He said this time this that and the other and a dab dab in a half two dabs of this you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And so you know. That's that's the weather's a lot the same way it depends on how you look at it. Interviewer: Right. Somebody might say it got so cold last night that the lake? 533: Yeah, it froze over. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if it gets much colder the pond might? 533: Eh it will probably freeze over too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: But uh freezes over but it falls up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Right. Interviewer: Right. 533: Actually I- I think that it would probably fall down but they say it fall up any way. Interviewer: {NW} Okay {NW} has 533: Thawed up. Interviewer: Or? If it's a process of freezing? 533: Iced. Yeah it's just freezing yeah. Freezing over you know. And it's frozen over. Interviewer: Right yeah. Okay. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you have any any uh term for the uh for say jiff just the edges or the ponds are freezing? {X} Say it's? 533: Uh you know. That would I guess be in a state of freezing over you know. Icing up you know. Icing up around the edges I mean that's just that's just about what it we call. Interviewer: You ever skimmed over or something like that? 533: Uh well skimmed over that would be just a light light you know where you couldn't even really you couldn't see the ripples in the water you know. It's just a little skim over it yeah. Just kind of a like in an ice tray when it's been in the refrigerator you know five minutes you know it's got a little yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 533: {NW} Interviewer: Um alright we'll get into things that have to do with the house. {NS} 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I- I remember you mentioning the the living room {NS} {X} Is that kind of a fancy term? 533: Well uh I think the parlor would uh carry connotation of a you know of a big house Uh not to me in my mind When I think of a parlor I think of a you know uh big house with a separate room for you to come into. You know like off the screened porch yeah. You know you come into the parlor you know where it's Maybe like a sun room. You know or something like that you know on the south side of the house. Uh quiet and away from everything else. I also think of you know an old man and an old woman that live by themselves you know and they they have a parlor you know where they you know bring their little great nephews and things like this in to play and keep 'em off the the place in there where they got the nice china you know? Put you in the parlor. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 You know. # But uh I don't know of anybody uh anybody that I know in the last ten years that just built a house put a parlor in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Unless it was a you know a sauna a health parlor you know? Or a bar parlor. Interviewer: Right. 533: Yeah. Uh there mostly announced mud rooms you know {NW} Well the guy comes in from hunting the old lady said Why don't you take go back out there on the porch and then you come in you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh So mud rooms would be the probably I guess the next parlor. Interviewer: Are there any houses around here that have the extremely high ceilings? 533: Mm-hmm. Oh yeah. Interviewer: Just roughly off the top of your head about high how would you say? 533: About ten feet. Are you talking you know interior yeah sure ten feet. And uh some even taller up you know. I've seen 'em where that uh they're probably twelve. Depends on you know the house if it's a you know an uptown estate you know they might have a twelve foot ceiling. You know. I never really understood why because back then surely they knew that pete rose Uh you know but anyway yeah there's some- there's some around. Interviewer: Uh the house that you grew up in did you have a fireplace? 533: Mm-hmm. {D: And that was all.} Yeah that was that was that was the heating. Matter of fact had a one two three fireplaces you know. Interviewer: What did you call the thing at the top of the house made out of brick maybe that smoked? 533: Well back then I called it a chimney. {C: pronunciation} That's C-H-I-M-L-E-Y. Interviewer: Right. 533: But you know it's a chimney right. Interviewer: What about at the tall tank? 533: Might be a smokestack you know a chimney. Same thing yeah. Interviewer: Well inside a fireplace what do you call the the big pieces of wood that you burn? 533: Logs. you know. Interviewer: Ever heard of back log or back stick? 533: Uh yeah that's the big one yeah. That's the one you put on a back you know that you just kind of get getting hot in it kind of smokes and smolders all night long you know. Burns slowly the back stick. Interviewer: What about the type of wood that you would use to start a fire? 533: That's kindling. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Ever heard that called uh that lighter or light wood? 533: Nah. That's kindling. It kindles the blaze you know starts the blaze. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Kindles the fires kindling you know. Interviewer: Is that usually pine or? 533: Uh not especially you know dried just dried feathered wood. I mean you know anything you can chip up small. Hickory's good. Uh you know if you get the right kind of hickory or if you get some old good dry hickory but you don't try anything wet. I mean or green. Interviewer: What's so wrong 533: #1 The oak # Interviewer: #2 with it? # 533: bark you know stuff like that will burn fast you know. Especially when it's got moss on it you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the things that you set the logs across inside? 533: Dog irons Yeah. Or just the irons you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And you stir the fire around with a poker. Interviewer: What do you say is left when the wood's all burned? 533: Ashes. Interviewer: Yeah. What color are those usually? 533: Uh gray. Uh I would say gray the color of ashes. They're an ash color you know what I mean. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And and the black stuff that forms inside it? 533: Soot. Yeah. Interviewer: What about the thing that's over the fireplace that you might put photographs? 533: Mm that's a mantle. The mantle. Interviewer: Do f- do you just say mantle or mantle piece mantle board? 533: No, just the mantle. You know we'll put the alarm clock on the mantle you know. Interviewer: And the open area in front of the 533: That's the hearth. Yeah. I dropped my kid brother on there at one time. Interviewer: {NS} Dropped him? 533: Dropped him. Interviewer: You mean when he was like a baby? 533: Like he was uh three or four months old yeah you know maybe maybe three months old and had one of those little {X} he kicked a little thingamajigger at the bottom of the side go {NW} you know. And everybody else was eating supper you know and uh And that had his hearth by I mean had his hearth had his bed setting on the hearth way and they you know closed off the uh fireplace #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 533: And of course the fireplace on the other side I mean on the o- in the other room which joined that one so you kept it warm but you know they had its own hearth. {NS} Any who everybody was carrying the baby around and I wasn't the baby anymore and so hell I was just gonna reach in and wag him around see what's so special about this stud and you know I dropped him. And {NW} I got at least four whippings. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. You know just tore up my little rear up. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: But hey I didn't drop him anymore ran over him with a bicycle you know {X}. Interviewer: You were good to him. 533: #1 But I didn't drop him. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: No more dropping yeah. Interviewer: What do you call the uh belongings several people can sit on in the living room? 533: Well couch. Interviewer: {D: Same size there?} 533: Uh not really you know I say sofa in advertising but it's a couch Hell it's not a davenport. A davenport is a is something like my old great aunt Beat would have you know it uh you know the swirled back and the and the designs that look like a lion's head or a lion's well that's a davenport you know you know ornate. Interviewer: {X} 533: No I Interviewer: {X} 533: Oh it sound like a love s- a davenport love seat huh. Yeah I can picture them. Interviewer: {NS} In your bedroom 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: something a piece of furniture that you with a {NS} 533: Dresser. Chifforobe uh maybe yeah. Interviewer: Dresser and chifforobes the same thing? 533: No. Uh you could have a dresser but you know then you could have a chifforobe too. I had one. Interviewer: Wasn't there 533: Oh the chifforobe uh was tall you know you couldn't put any of the things you put on top of it you stored out of the way you know what I mean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know like your football things like this Uh he was tall and on a on a one side on on on either of the two sides maybe only on both sides they had a mirrored door. you know and it unlocked with a key it it didn't have a pull handle you had to unlock it with a key. {C: radio} And uh then at the top center you had a small mirrored door like that you know that unlocked with a key when you kept your super valuables you know what I mean? It had about six or eight drawers down the middle you know Chifforobe I had not a lot of them {X} A dresser usually has a mirror {X} on the middle or something like that you know. {NS} and the flat part's like a tabletop and then you know two or three lights go over the {X} Some smaller drawers you can put jockstrap socks things like that you know you know stuff that doesn't have to be laying in order you know what I mean It's stuff you can wad up and chuck in a little drawer. Interviewer: Yeah uh {NS} the thing that you mentioned the same as a chest of drawers? 533: No. Uh-uh a chest of drawers we call it a chester drawers C-H-E-S-T-E-R chester drawers. Uh no a chester drawers had about you know like four if it was you know medium-sized about four long drawers in it. you know uh I'd say you know nine ten inches deep and twenty-five to thirty-six inches long you know something like that and uh that's all it was and it was about you know breast-high something like that and you could put you know a picture on top of it or set your books on it you know but it was not a dresser and it was not a chifforobe. It was a chester drawer. Right. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Uh you know we had all three. Interviewer: What do you call that's built in part {X} 533: A closet you know. Interviewer: Used to did you have {X} in a separate piece? 533: No not really. You know you could do that in a chifforobe you know little bitty small you know stuff that you know mama wore once every five years and that stuff was kind of stuffy on the chifforobe we did not have a uh what do you call that? I know what you like a gallery type. I know what you're talking about. I can't think of the word. But no we didn't have one. I've seen 'em. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah a wardrobe that's what I was trying to think of gallery yeah. But anyway Interviewer: Do do you use the word gallery {X} furniture? 533: No no not really uh I was thinking there was a friend of mine one time that had uh he was a little bit uppity you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And they used words like that you know. Like they would um algebra you know. Interviewer: Huh just throw 'em. 533: Yeah with a spell uh-huh. Yeah. Interviewer: Just to impress people. 533: You know about the old story about the guy that went to- went to Chicago you know. To go to school and came back and his granddaddy said well tell me what you learned. Said well we learn a little French and Italian. I mean you know uh French and Latin uh. Learned to uh you know speak a little Spanish learned some algebra and said well speak me some that algebra. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Lay some of that algebra on he said pi r squared and he said hell I knew I was wasting my money. Pie is round and cornbread is squared you know so. Interviewer: {NW} 533: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 533: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 That's funny # {NW} 533: So uh you know. That's uh some people did that you know it just you know they impress you with the Instead of saying you cute they say quite impressionistic don't you think so {X} You know and Interviewer: {NW} 533: I thought shit boy. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh which which out the um the things you would put over your windows to to keep out the light. 533: Huh blinds sort of what it was that's curtains there. We would call 'em drapes. A drape was something you would see in a in a gallery you know. Uh no drape was something like uh course we had a picture window that's what we call it uh. I don't know what they call it now I guess still picture window. It looked like you know like this what we are looking at into right now you know. Uh more or less uh about a six by four window you know. Uh But we just had uh bamboo curtains across it you know. And uh had drapes was to me at that time it meant something like the velvet with the uh with the tiered sheers and things like that now that was a drape you know. And uh drape was something you also did with a long coat. She was going to put it over your head when it was raining. You know you draped it across your noggin and ran out in the water. But uh it was a curtain. Interviewer: I would 533: And we had blinds and shades. Interviewer: Now the shades are the things you 533: Yeah shades you pull down. Blinds you know you work the little string and open them up you know. They kind of wink at you when they go through. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 533: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What about a place like uh uh storage space. 533: The attic? {NS} Well the loft was the word. You know. What'd you do with that old box of Christmas stuff? It's up in the loft. Interviewer: It's in the barn. 533: Yeah you know it's just got to be I guess that's where it came from. It's up in the loft. {NS} And uh {NS} sounds weird I guess now you know. Interviewer: What about 533: But an attic to me is something that is big enough you know that you could go up and you know walk around in sit down have a playhouse in whatever you want to call it you know an attic. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Oh it was kind of like a basement. I mean under the house it was under the house you know and up in the loft was up in the loft. And that was different from an attic. Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever seen any houses round here where the kitchen was built away from the main house? You had to walk outside to get to it? 533: {NW} One or two I could show you one. And I- and I used to ask my daddy I said daddy is that where the slaves used to live? You know it's a little house uh about five times the size of a a toilet you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And it's got windows and doors. but you know just one or two not many of those around here. Interviewer: And {D: do you remember that thing?} 533: Uh Well not really except for this particular family that I know of. They own a couple thousand acres you know and I figured you know get the heat away in the summertime out there and let the old black women cook you know and bring it to the house. You know that's just kind of my thought. I really don't know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Uh Interviewer: What about a room 533: People ate chitterlings and things like that back then you know I wouldn't wanna smell 'em you know five feet from where I was going to eat either. Interviewer: Yeah um 533: {D:Stumped whooped} you know eh Interviewer: {NW} 533: They get kind of rank, but you know anyway. {NW} Interviewer: What about a room uh built right off the kitchen where you might keep extra dishes canned goods {NW} 533: Yeah uh I had an aunt that had one of those. Swear I can't think of what she called it. But just a storage room you know. Back porch you're talking bout like a cellar really uh in a- in a sense. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever # call it the pantry? 533: Yeah. Not what I guess you would. A pantry I always thought of was the same thing a cupboard. Or a cabinet you know. Keep it in the pantry. Uh Interviewer: {X} 533: No I- I wouldn't. No {NW}. Interviewer: What would you call maybe a room or a separate building where somebody can keep all their accumulated junk? 533: Junk room. You know a shop you know. After after everybody had to be a big shot it's a shop you know? Interviewer: {NW} 533: And now it's a storage building or utility building you know. Interviewer: What would say a woman does say she gets up in the morning kind of putters around the house and dusts a little bit here and straightens something there you say she does what? 533: Eh she's cleaning the house. You know. Straightening the house depends on what she's doing if she's cleaning or straightening you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: She ought to be cooking breakfast what she oughta be doing. Interviewer: {NW} We're hungry huh. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: And the thing she would be sweeping with would be called? 533: It's a broom or you know a dust mop like I said But a broom. A dustrag if she was wiping off the top of the piano you know. Interviewer: Alright. 533: It's uh uh what is it now some kind of cloth no but it was a dust rag. Back then it was you know um Dustrag dishrag washrag. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: But now it's washcloth bath cloth you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: Hand towels. You know face towels. But it was rag. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: R-A-G just any use that's what it was. Interviewer: Right. 533: Just a damn old rag you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: {NW} Nothing cute about it. you kn- Interviewer: Hand towels and bath towel that's when you're taking a bath? 533: Yeah you know mm-hmm right. Interviewer: And the dishrag that's for 533: Eh that's washing dishes yeah you know. Interviewer: What about the one you use when you're drying them? 533: That's a drying rag. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: This is difference it's a different thing. A washrag is just a thin- it could be like a piece of a flour sack you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh just something to wipe instead of with your hands while you're washing the dishes you know and then you rinse 'em off which at that time was called ranching 'em off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Uh And you you know put 'em up on the other side and you had kind of a fluffy you know towel type thing you know. Almost potholder status sometimes you know just thick soakable you know and that was a drying rag. Interviewer: Yeah. What about the big one that you dry off after a bath? 533: Well that was a towel. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 533: A towel. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: I have a friend uh that's real funny I mean of course you know I- I can't I laugh I don't really laugh. It amuses me. And sometimes we laugh together. But you know I mean we used to talk like it was a towel give me the towel. And uh the this friend of mine married a girl from Missouri. And she still you know says towel and flower you know. That's a flower towel Interviewer: Oh yeah. 533: It's got flowers on it. You know and uh we'd just get so tickled you know and the- the funny part is I'm not- I'm laughing at the fact that God you know that that we all used to do that you know and it's why don't we do it anymore you know? Hand me the towel. Alright well you know you just went to school or something you know you're just around uh different words and that's all that amounts to. You know if you'd grown if you'd been born in Spain you'd speak Spanish you know. And as they say around here the Romans. Interviewer: What about if a woman has a bunch dirty clothes accumulated. {X} she needs to do her? 533: Do her washing. Mm-hmm. We wouldn't say laundry. Surely we're not on the air. Interviewer: What now? This? 533: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 533: Hang on a minute. Fire up my pipe. {NW} Where were we? Oh yeah about flower towels. Anyway Interviewer: {NW} 533: It's kind of like wire pliers you know. And uh barbed wire. {NS} And a car tire {D: and a cartoon} Yeah you know. It's just- it's just strange when you start thinking about it. I probably already said that once you know. {D: in recent sessions} or whatever. It- it does it amazes me. It really does. Interviewer: What about uh say you were walking up the uh from the yard to get to the porch. The thing you go up {X} 533: Steps door steps. Interviewer: Now what if you're inside and you're going to the second story? You walk up the? 533: Well if you had stairs and uh you know. Interviewer: Up the stairs inside. 533: Mm-hmm. Alright, steps are on the outside stairs on the inside you know. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard anybody call the porch any of it uh anything else? 533: Hmm. I don't know for instance I mean Interviewer: Gallery veranda? 533: Nah. Interviewer: {X} 533: Nah. No. Mezzanine {NW} Uh Well mezzanine hangs over something. There's another one besides mezzanine what is it? It kind of means the same thing you know. Hanging {X} Uh I can't either. Interviewer: I can't think of it. 533: Hmm. Interviewer: What about a porch that extends out around both sides of the house. Have you seen those? 533: Yeah mm-hmm right. Interviewer: Any special term for it? 533: Just a big porch you know. Interviewer: Okay yeah. Say you owned a framed house with the porch on the outside that overlap each other kind of like that. You ever heard that called anything? 533: You mean the name of it? Interviewer: Like any kind of boarding or something like that. 533: Um I mean I maybe I'm missing the question. Interviewer: Boarding black boarding. 533: Oh yeah yeah mm-hmm. Black board yeah yeah. Interviewer: You call it what? 533: Black boarding yeah well you know so much black I mean you know it's uh uh you're talking about before the house is finished before they put the brick up? Interviewer: No I 533: Is that what you mean? Interviewer: No I was talking about after it's done. 533: Oh okay. Interviewer: The wooden boards that are 533: Nah. Interviewer: Nothing like that? 533: No particular terms just a plain house you know I mean. Interviewer: True. 533: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: What do you say you do uh uh well nevermind that. What about the signs on the edges of a roof. Those things that carry off the rainwater. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call those? 533: {NW} Rain pipes. you know. Interviewer: Okay. What about say you know a house that has different slopes in the roof. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The place where two slopes come together. 533: A gable. Is that what you're talking about? Kind of like the gable into the house? Yeah. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a place where two slopes meet called a valley? 533: No. Interviewer: What about gutters what would they? 533: Eh well a gutter is like the rain trough a rain pipe you know. Rain trough is really was the was the word for that particular type of thing you were talking about. I was thinking you know comes through the trough and comes down the pipe you know. Um no. No not really. Interviewer: What about a small building you might have in the back of the house sort of if you were on a farm maybe where you keep um stowed wood or I keep tools something like that. 533: Ah well tool shed. You know it depends like I said it depends on what it is you know. It could be a smokehouse. You know where they uh smoke the meats things like this could be a you know. Tractor shed. Uh you know we're basically similar. If it was a tractor shed it was a tractor shed. If it was a tool house it was a tool house you know. You kept the saws and then you know the hammers and the uh stuff like that you know in the in the in a tool house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And uh meats in the smokehouse. Interviewer: Right. What would be some of the buildings you'd find on a typical farm around here? 533: Well you'd uh you have tractor shed and you'd have a shop. You know. Uh might even have a tool shed. You'd have a uh a couple of barns you know this kind of thing. Uh Interviewer: Would there be a separate building where you store grain like maybe corn or? 533: Well There might be a building inside a building. For instance course there's corn how much you got if you just you know small timer you'd have a crib. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know like a corn crib that's where you it was an elev- it was elevated. The floor was higher than regular parts of the barn you know to keep away you know rats and crap like that. The ceiling was lower you know. It was tighter. That was the crib. Well you know actually it depends. But I mean if you had a you know like a fifty by fifty barn you probably had a twenty by ten or twenty by fifteen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Maybe fifteen by fifteen crib you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. 533: Course you could have the hay in the loft and you had stables down under see. Interviewer: For the horses? 533: Mm-hmm. I'd have cows horses whatever right. Interviewer: Do you ever call it the stable stalls? Would that be right? 533: Well {NW} A stall was uh just an area you know to stall them in you know. To me uh is a place where you you kept 'em you know in a holding. She put 'em in the stall you know. Like maybe when you went to lunch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: But the stable was you know more or less like a living quarters. Interviewer: Yeah. Would people ever heard of having a separate building for cows? When they were would they say cow barn? 533: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Something like that. # 533: Mm-hmm. Well you know you might have a pig barn. Cow barn you know. Sure. Mm-hmm. Especially dairy farmers you know the cow barn does this you know. Interviewer: Sure. We were uh talking about the corn crib. Would people round here ever heard to something like a granary or granary 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: A place for storing grain? 533: Nah uh-uh. That sounds Kansas. Interviewer: Right what about silo? 533: Well silo yeah. You know but that's where you kept your silage. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh say if a farmer has just cut the hay off of his field uh and he's not going to bale it. He just might pile it up and get a big 533: Uh haystack. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: But around here it's not well it's getting back to a little bit of that now because everything's so expensive. But you know I thought at first you were gonna say wind rows you know. Interviewer: And what is that? 533: They rake it up you know after they just cut it and it's just laying out there in grass. You know just grass all over the place. And they roll it up into wind rows. Interviewer: Kind of like small 533: Yeah. You know just like a it's like a roll. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 533: #2 You know # just to maybe you know two feet wide but it will be a you know half a mile long. And then you see 'em coming along with a baler see and picking up more uniformly that way. Interviewer: Right. I noticed that. I never seen it done but they have these big rolls of hay. 533: Right uh-huh right. Interviewer: Roll it up like you would a rug. 533: They have several different kinds now yeah. They have 'em uh just the old conventional haystack but they're a little bit different there. You know scientifically it's designed so that the water'll run off and all that mess you know. Interviewer: Right yeah. 533: And you'll lose about ten percent you know hay because certain part get wet and rot you know with the rest it will be okay. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you have any of these shelters outside that you might put your hay in under it. It's really nothing more than about four poles and a roof and that's about it. 533: Mm-hmm. Hay yeah hay shed. Interviewer: Hay shed hmm okay. What about a place where a farmer would milk his cows? What would that 533: That's a milk barn. Interviewer: You would have one. Would that'd be a specialized kind of building? 533: Oh yeah milk barn you know. It's a somebody might call it a milk parlor. You know uh and that's where you get into parlor see. Uh in a milk barn you'll have a holding parlor where the cows come in you know that that's the next two or three that's gonna be milked you know. They specialize you know they automatic machines yeah. The shower. Interviewer: How often do you do stuff like that? {D: speaking engagement?} 533: {NW} Quite often you know. That's you know I guess this is same with already because they think hey this guy loves to talk you know hey. Auxiliary: He used to be in the {D: war crowd} 533: {NW} You know and uh But ninety nine percent of the time in a place like this you do it for nothing see. You go to places like Atlanta and Memphis and and knew a guy in Memphis you know. He made like a I don't know twelve or thirteen fourteen hundred dollars a month on air you know working a shift on the air. And then he had a special thing he did one day a week. For like some women's club and they had a thing at Goldsmith's. And he got a hundred dollars you know every time he did that you know. And he had a couple other things on the side you know so he could mess around and make thirty forty fifty thousand dollars a year you know just {C: radio} {NS} on stuff that I give away. {NS} You know but you can't go to a club you know with thirty-five local yokels you know and they say. Uh would you come speak to us you say sure you know. Well they don't expect they might get you a cuff link you know and hope you'll come back next year and get the other one. {NS} You know uh Interviewer: {NW} 533: So I don't know uh. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Too too often really you know to make it pleasurable because I've done everything from forestry forest-y queen contest rodeos uh election rallies uh God you name it. You know bicentennial programs uh. I've spoken on everything that I don't know about. {NS} Uh. Interviewer: Do you speak is it gravely or? 533: Most of the time yes Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} {NS} {D: every speech every time} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: For many 533: Well the trick is don't speak the same club twice you know. {X} And if you do change it a little bit you know. Well you know the typical jokes {X} but once. You know about the old guy who tuned harps and cords and all that crap you know. And about thirty minutes later two or three people will laugh and they'll catch on on the opportunity knocks but once then you know. {NS} Uh you know and according to the crowd if you're in a bunch of men you know you can tell about the black girl who went to Chicago to see her cousin you know and {NS} she never been out of town and you know well out of the country. She went to see a ball game you know and she finally caught onto the baseball game and this guy got three strikes and they threw him out you know and another guy hit the ball and let him run all the way around and you know and everybody yelled and a man walks up and {NS} probably Willy Mays or somebody you know and they walked him on purpose you know. She jumped over the fence screaming and hollering and said hey man now what you mean? Just- just letting that guy that's all the way around there and didn't have to do nothing. He said look lady he had four balls on him. She said well good God almighty anybody with four balls deserves a little consideration don't it little special treatment. So you know it depends on your crowd you know you just. Uh that's a sports crowd and it's a bunch of old men and you know you can tell that. Uh photographers you'd tell one about uh you know the {NS} The uh {NS} uh the same routine you know. The black girl she went to town to see her cousin. And they went to the county fair walking around looking at all them things and the {NS} this guy went into this booth and put this thing over his head you know {NS} and said we gonna get our picture took and said okay when the guy got back you know put the black thing over his head and he was turning the knobs you know. She come says hey what's he doing said he's getting ready to focus. She said both of us? Interviewer: #1 [NW} # 533: #2 You know # So uh you know yeah. You know just little dumb stuff like that you can change it around any way you want to you know. So it don't matter. {NS} But anyway yeah we do that a lot. You know all of us. Interviewer: I guess you have a set of jokes that have to do with your audience {X} 533: Oh yeah just you know anything'll do there you know. Um you know at a ball game one time a {NS} Uh A guy from Ole Miss and a guy from Mississippi State were in the bathroom you know and uh. They were both standing there over the latrine you know just letting it fly and after they finished well they uh the guy from State zipped up his pants and started out the door you know. And that guy from Ole Miss Yeah {NS] {X} {NS} What were we talking about the Ole Miss thing? Oh yeah anyway they're in a bathroom you know {NS} And so the guy from State he zipped up his pants and started out the door. And the guy from Ole Miss you know he was over washing his hands in the lavatory. He said Hey uh Don't they teach you at Mississippi State to wash your hands off after you take a piss? And the guy from State turned around and said well don't they teach you over at Ole Miss not to be pissing on your hands? You know so you know just {NW} you know. Course you know there's light stuff and there's heavy stuff you know it's Uh there was one about a about a raccoon from Mississippi State and that raccoon from Ole Miss. That means the real live animal type not the you know the coon. You know and uh they were running out through the woods playing one day you know and the dogs got after 'em you know somebody was coon hunting so. And one of 'em got caught. They got caught in a trap {NW} you know. And they were sitting there and they looked at each other and the dogs were getting closer and closer you know {NS} One was on a trap on this side of the ditch and one's in a trap on the other side you know they're hollering back and forth. So what are we gonna do he said. I don't see anything left except chew a leg off and get free. {NS} So the little guy from you know State he li- you know the little raccoon from State chewed his leg off and went three legged out across the bushes you know. Just to running away you know. And uh after a little while he looks back and he didn't see his old pal from Ole Miss. {NS} So he just couldn't help it he had to go back so he three legged it all the way back you know. And he got up there and said what's wrong man what's wrong what's wrong come on come on they're getting close. He said well man I did what you told me. I chewed a leg off and now hell and then chewed off three and I'm still in the trap you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: So Interviewer: {NW} 533: Oh wow. Interviewer: Great. 533: Yeah {D: kidneys} {NS} Anyway {NS} How did we get on that? Interviewer: I don't 533: Boy, we get on some dealings. {NS} Don't you wish I was one of those guys that said yep. Nope. Interviewer: {NW} 533: I hate those kind of interviews you know you interview a guy on the air and said well coach how's the season going this year? Fine. How do you expect 'em to win a lot of ball games? Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Same defense as last year? Nope. You know I hate those you know. We- we try to after we get those one time we we try to learn 'em a little bit you know. And then we get to where we say This is Coach Noah McCorder of South {X} Cougar High S- you know and hand him the mic and he talks for fifteen minutes now. Well okay thank you- thank you coach and butt in and grab a mic from him and say well let's that's the end of the halftime show you know. Oh. But anyway yeah. Interviewer: In the days before refrigeration what did people around here do with milk butter stuff like that? 533: Well uh it depends on how long before refrigeration is talking about? You talking bout like with an ice box? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know and that was uptown folks, though. So uh generally if you had a pail of uh milk you'd put it in a you uh had a you know it the milk cans that you probably don't remember but they had uh handles on both sides. And a hard to put on and to take off top. With a shoot on it. Then went {NW} way down in the bucket see. You know sealed it real tight. And you could run your chain through those hooks and over the top through the handles and over the top into the other handle and clip it and then drop it down in a well. See Interviewer: Yeah. 533: They used to do their beers the same way you know. Interviewer: #1 Was there ever # 533: #2 Whatever. # Interviewer: a place where people in stores save their potatoes {X} 533: Uh well yeah it it depends like you said on on a lot on the people but you know a lot of people do that in the basement. Under the house in a smokehouse you know Excuse me in a warm spot you could put it under the house close to the hearth you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Close to the bottom of the chimney really. Uh you know because it was gonna be warm from you know about October to the first of March anyway. Interviewer: Um okay. What would you call an area maybe a round barn on a farm with animals to be free to walk around. 533: Barn yard. Is that what you mean? The lot. The lot I wanna see you could be got 'em out of the pasture and put 'em in the lot you know. And uh after you had 'em in the lot you know you caught 'em and all that kind of stuff. Interviewer: So you with the pastures around here be fenced in? 533: Mm-hmm. Yeah no ranges. Interviewer: {X} 533: No open range. Interviewer: And do you remember when I guess well that must have been 533: When uh what when it was a {X} Never can remember it around here. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Uh really I can't you know. Some of the wildlife areas you know but. Not really no privately-owned property was always you know fenced in. Interviewer: Right who kind of fences are these? 533: Barbed wire mostly. Which was then barb wire. Interviewer: Any other kind of wired fence? 533: Well hog wire. Uh hog wire was uh well the weave in hog wire was about four inches square. And it's a heavy durable wire. Uh and that there's a one section if that is about four feet high three-and-a-half four feet high forty inches whatever that is. Okay and uh And then on top of that I mean above that you had that from the ground up. And uh then after that you had you know a couple of strands of barbed wire on the top. That's also and electric fence you know which is {D: one little bitty thin string} trailing like a piece of nylon but it was actually metal you know and you had a battery operated or electric {NW} uh you know to keep your mean black angus bull in. um but that was about it not many rail fences. The rail fence had to do with uptown slickers you know. If it had a white fence around it you already make it look like a ranch house you know. and everybody giggled when they went by and said poor fool couldn't milk a cow you know. Interviewer: What about a fence that uh the top of it came to a point. Might have it around your garden or have it around your front yard. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} Usually painted white. 533: Well like a picket fence you mean. Yeah but that wasn't it wasn't many of those around you know. Like I said Interviewer: Okay. 533: It was something to be read about you know. Kind of like condominiums. Interviewer: {NW} Does the expression to chop {X} 533: Mm-hmm. Ah you're thinning it out really you know you're chopping the grass down away from it and you're chopping out the the superfluous stalks I guess you would say. You know they're thinning it out really for what you're doing chopping cotton. Interviewer: Do you pick what kind of grass uh? 533: Uh Johnson grass crabgrass you know you're nut grass things that would uh they that suck up the the nutrients and grow fast and you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Therefore dwarf the cotton plant. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What would you say corn grows in? It grows 533: Stalks. Interviewer: #1 Well # 533: #2 What do you mean? # Huh patch? A patch. Corn patch. Interviewer: Anything bigger than a patch? 533: Field You know field's bigger than a patch. Interviewer: Right. 533: You know you have a a garden a patch and then you know a field. Interviewer: Can you have a patch of anything or is it restricted? 533: {NW} You know patch of anything tomato patch potato patch you know uh corn patch pea patch butter bean patch. You know. Dog patch. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 533: No, it's in Arkansas, right? Interviewer: Right. 533: But anyway. You had a bar patch had you know a lot of those. Interviewer: If you're putting up about our fence 533: Mm-hmm {NS} Where are we anyway? God, we lost a lot of time we're back on fences. Interviewer: We can uh read through 533: It don't matter just sock it to us. Interviewer: Okay. The things that you uh dig holes for 'em and you put up a 533: Post. Fence post. Interviewer: And if one is a? 533: Is a post. Interviewer: #1 Okay. And a fence or wall made of loose stone or rock? # 533: #2 A fence or wall made of loose stone or rock. # Interviewer: #1 # 533: #2 # Brick wall. Interviewer: {X} 533: Oh yeah in North Alabama they have you know they get these things out of the river bed you know the rocks flat on the bottom cause they washed a lot but You don't have a lot of that around here. Uh you know stone walls stone fence you know I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. And {D: who wrote the bit about} the egg made out of China we call that a? 533: A China egg, but I have never heard of a China egg. Styrofoam egg uh you know plastic eggs for little kids you know at Easter. You know when you put the little doohickeys in 'em or something for 'em to play with. Interviewer: But you're not never heard of nest eggs for like kids? 533: Well uh a nest egg yeah. You know Uh which would be just an egg or maybe a. We used to to call 'em rotten eggs you know because you break 'em up and they you know they smell like hell you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: We used to get a big kick out of coloring those at Easter you know and then we'd always get in an Easter egg war. You know throw them at somebody you really didn't like is you throw the ball- the rotten egg at 'em. God and you talking about awful. Oh I gag thinking bout it. What could be worse than a rotten egg? I was hit in the face with manure one time during a barnyard war. But uh Interviewer: {X} 533: It did. It was hard you know and it had to be hard for him to pick it up and throw it you know. You could just sail 'em like a mud pie you know. {NW} you know. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. And the thing that you would carry with you to milk a cow? 533: Bucket. Milk bucket. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know it's uh not a milk pail. Because pale like I said is the color you turn when you're about to puke. You know. Interviewer: Anything that you would fry eggs in? 533: A frying pan and a skillet. Interviewer: Okay and uh you boil tea in in a spout. 533: {NW} Huh tea pot. Tea kettle. Most the most you know most of the time it was just boil it with a boiler you know. In a boiler. Interviewer: And a container to put cut flowers in? 533: Cut flowers? Vase. If you're from Nova Scotia that would be vase wouldn't it? Interviewer: I guess so. 533: {X} Crosby Still's a national you know uh power house. You picked the flowers you know. Interviewer: Yeah there's a lot 533: Yeah they say vase you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And common utensils 533: Uh fork spoon knife knives forks spoons uh what else did I say? Toothpicks you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Match stems. Interviewer: And what you say you do to the dishes when they? 533: You wash 'em. Interviewer: Uh uh and the thing over the the sink. Water comes out of it? 533: That's a faucet. Just a water faucet. If it's you know outside it'd be a hydrant. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what about all the portable containers? 533: Well you know I don't know is spout you know maybe but it's still uh a faucet of sorts. But you know the water spout. Interviewer: And the word spicket or spigot 533: Well spigot is used sometimes you know by some of the older you know folks but not really. A water spigot I think of anything that sticks up or down out of the ground or out of a wall or something and brings water to you as being a spigot you know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Could you say it was so cold last night that the water pipes? 533: Froze. Interviewer: And maybe they? 533: They busted. {NW} They grew tits you know they busted. Interviewer: {NW}. 533: No. {NW} But you know it busted. Busted open. Interviewer: Okay. And uh a container used to show flour in or packaging flour in? 533: It's a flour barrel. Interviewer: Right. Okay something smaller than a barrel? 533: It would be a keg. But that would be like a well like a nail keg or a whiskey keg you know. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what uh a fair amount of molasses or lard would come in? {C: pronunciation} 533: Come in a bucket probably a gallon bucket. You know there was you know lard bucket molasses bucket. {C: pronunciation} Uh that's molasses {C: pronunciation} S-E-Y Uh But you know it was different you know. Flour bucket lard bucket. You know slop bucket. Which we've already covered. Interviewer: And you weren't familiar with stand? 533: No. A stand of lard no. That's a a live hog would be a stand of lard right Tanner? Interviewer: And is the thing that you put in a small mouth bottle that prevents uh 533: A funnel. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Kay. What you crack around horses to do? 533: That would be a whip or a whoop. You know. Depending on how loud it was. Interviewer: Right. And the thing that the grocery boy would put your purchases in? 533: The uh you know just a sack. Grocery sack. And uh you know in some areas it might be called a poke. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Made out of? 533: Um hard paper I mean you know something between uh uh a heavy grade of notebook paper and a light grade of cardboard. You know. Interviewer: Okay. And what made out of heavy coarse rough material? 533: That's a toe sack. Burlap bags is a toe sack. Interviewer: And you haven't heard croker sack? 533: Mm croker sack? I've never heard There's there's some croakers that live around here you know like the one on the Telly Savalas's show. Man croaker you know. But not croker. One who croaks is one who dies you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: So you couldn't be a croaker. Right? Interviewer: {NW} And the amount of corn a farmer would take to the mill to be ground? 533: Huh No no particular designation as you know I mean maybe a ton a wagon load you know or something like that but no. Mm. Interviewer: That'd be amount of firewood you could take it at one time and move and move your arms. 533: No that's just a arm load. You know just a arm load of fire wood. Interviewer: Yeah. And you 533: Yeah Interviewer: And they would turn and cool? 533: No. Mm-mm. Yeah. Sure not now a court of wood you know is four by four by eight you know in a measurement but uh I don't know. I don't how much can you carry? I guess it depends on how big your arms are. You might you know hell you might carry a quart if he's a whopper you know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Hmm. Interviewer: And there 533: Paul Bunyan. Interviewer: Sure. An electric lamp burns out the thing you replace? 533: The light bulb. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And you uh carry out the clothes hang 'em up in a? 533: In a hamper. Clothes hamper. Which actually usually amounts to a basket of sorts. Interviewer: Okay. And something that you put at the top of a bottle? 533: Huh. Oh like a cork uh a stopper. You know rubber stopper cork stopper. Interviewer: And an instrument you play like {X} 533: Uh French harp. A mouth Not a mouth harp harmonica you know. Harmonica is what they play if you're in Carnegie Hall. French harp's what you play if you're in Nashville you know what I mean. Interviewer: Right. 533: And a boing boing that's a mouth organ or a Jew's harp. It's hell on the teeth if you don't know what you're doing. {NW} Interviewer: {X} 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about the thing that you got now playing? 533: Claw hammer. Interviewer: Okay. And on a wagon the long piece? 533: The tongue the wagon tongue. Interviewer: And on {NW} 533: Yeah well shafts you know. Interviewer: And the outside edge of a window? 533: The rim the wheel. Interviewer: Right. 533: Is that what you mean? Interviewer: Yeah and you said you hadn't heard of {X}? 533: No. no no. Interviewer: Just make sure there's a couple spokes 533: No uh-uh. Interviewer: {X} 533: Well see I never did see much of that because it was only like one or two of the wood wood tired wagon wood wheeled wagon or you know metal wagons uh metal wheel wagons around at that time. Uh boy this must be a visitor today who is this? I don't know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Uh yeah and probably get a dime back. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Huh no one who's taking him through. But anyway uh I'm going to have to take a break for just a second okay? {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Alright uh okay the thing that uh traces {X} 533: Single tree {NW} Or a- or a doubletree. But you know instead of basically a singletree if you had a ton on it you ain't got a horse on each side so he's a single yeah. Interviewer: Right. 533: We also used to use a singletree hanging up on the side of the smoke house. That after you killed your you know your yearling your beef your calf whatever we call 'em yearling a bull yearling year old calf. Shoot him in the head with a twenty-two. And then uh drag him out to the smoke house. And take a pulley and pull 'em up and hang 'em up on a singletree. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: Eh you know you cut him open and gut 'em and that kind of stuff you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: So you know it had multiple uses for everything back then you know what I mean? Interviewer: Sure alright {NS} okay that word {X} that you used just then. You would say yesterday I? 533: I drug him over here yeah. Interviewer: And I have? 533: I have dragged him I have drugged him you know really it's Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} What about the thing that you would use to break up ground very fine after you plow it? 533: A harrow. Yep. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And 533: First I'd use a middle buster. Well first I'd use a turning plow and then I'd use a middle buster. Interviewer: That's another type. 533: Yeah right two different types of big plows. You know. And uh then I'd for all of that all for that I guess I'd risk it. Break it up. Depends on if it's new ground or what. Interviewer: New ground you uh mean that the land has just been cleared? 533: Yeah land that hadn't been farmed very much you know maybe you know if it hadn't been cleared very long. But then once you call it the new ground it's always the new ground you know what I mean? Interviewer: Right. 533: You cleared forty acres off in the back that's new ground and hell it'll probably be new ground till the day you die you know. Go on over to the new ground. Interviewer: Right. Okay. And the the thing that you wheel the wagon down to? 533: Hmm the axle. Interviewer: Okay. And the wooden frame that carpenters use? 533: Saw horse? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Right. Interviewer: And the one that's x shaped? 533: I don't know. That's a yoke I guess. I really don't know. Interviewer: You haven't heard it. Let's talk about {X} 533: Nah. Interviewer: And on your hair you use a? 533: Comb or a brush. Interviewer: Right you say you're going to a? 533: I'm gonna brush my hair you know. Interviewer: And the thing on the barber's chair that you sharpen your? 533: That's a razor strap. Right. Interviewer: The thing that we were going around with about the tape thing. 533: Uh it's just a tape. You mean like you know like tape cartridge? I don't usually hear that. You know. Uh cartridge I don't know why but cartridge in in that sense reminds me more of the cassette type. You know. Because it looks like you know the cassette type of cartridge you know. Or the other is just a tape. Eh they're all cartridges but it's {NW} you know it's what you get used to talking about I guess. Tape is a tape. You know. Adhesive tape Scotch tape you know. Tapeworm I don't know {NW} Interviewer: Okay we're back on {X}. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh something that you played on when you were a kid. While one kid was one one end the other was on the other and they like 533: See-saw. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 533: I'm seesawing. Yeah I'd- teeter-tottered to me was something that you might do on the porch with your pants unzipped you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Teeter-totter damn uh. Interviewer: Okay. What about the ones that went around? 533: Uh that was a merry-go-round. Interviewer: You ever heard that called the flying Jimmy? 533: Well not really. Flying Jimmy I always thought uh course that was back in the days before me. But a flying Jimmy I thought tilted a little bit when you You know when you did that you know. Interviewer: Yeah. I see you still haven't 533: Yeah it- it still went around rotation but it- it tilted you know. Which gave it an effect of flying you know {NW} if the guy was heavy you know. And you could you could put like a wedge in you know on one side or something you know and whenever you got to that spot {NW} you know it'd bounce you a little bit. Makes you feel like you're flying. Interviewer: Okay. Ever heard of a word {X} 533: Yeah we used to do that across the pond you know. But uh don't reckon we had any name for it. Interviewer: {X} 533: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 533: A jump board is what I called a diving board until I went to my first concrete pool you know. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 533: I knew a guy once that uh got thrown out of a hotel for for wetting in the pool. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And uh they're- they're real country like this you know and that's supposed to stay down there about Monday you know and they come back on Sunday and uh this guy asked him said uh Willard why did you uh why did you come back so soon? And he said because sissy over here got thrown out for wetting in the pool. And he said wetting in the pool? And he said yeah man but everyone wets in the pool why'd you get thrown out for that? He said yeah but hell everyone don't do it from the high dive you know what I mean. {NW} Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah right. {NW} Oh anyway you know so. That was a jump board to me. Jump board was a diving board. Interviewer: Okay. What about a thing suspending from the limb of the tree? Seats uh 533: Oh that's a swing. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If a person had a coal burning stove what about a container you might keep next to it for cooling it? What would you call that? 533: I don't know. Interviewer: Ever heard cold scope? 533: No scuttle no. Coal bucket yeah but I mean you know. But um You had an ashy bucket. That you put your ashes in. We uh I don't know where you get all this stuff you know. Interviewer: Okay. What about the pipe that runs out the back {X}? 533: Stove pipe. Interviewer: What's that what does that go into? 533: Well usually goes into the wall which connects with another pipe and an elbow you know and go straight up through the ceiling you know. Interviewer: What's the {D: glue}? 533: Uh kind of like a damper. {NW} Interviewer: What the hell is that? 533: {D: Naw a flea} you know it's where it goes out the damper is a little there's a if you ever If you've ever seen one of about half way up the stove pipe there's a damper. There's a little doomajigger sticking out there that looks like a uh there might be a screw driver with a funny looking wiry head on it and you can turn it see and close it off. In other words cut the supply of suction off the oxygen off so that you can keep the heat down do you know what I mean? To build the fire up low and then you can {NW} let it out like that you know. Kind of like on top if you barbecue grill. You got a little thing you slide back and forth you know it works the same principle. Interviewer: Okay so what is it that you would use in yard work that has {X} might put a sack of concrete or something in it or wherever you're going with it. 533: Hmm. Interviewer: You know. 533: Yeah Interviewer: {X} 533: Oh yeah wheelbarrow. Well I was trying to think of a you know one of them little doomajiggers that you you know put the stuff out with you know like we used to line the football field with you know. Like a dolly. Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 533: {NW} Well we always say you know stuff around here like man you know get away from that you don't know nothing about wheelbarrows and other heavy machinery you know. Interviewer: That's good. 533: Yeah. But it was a wheelbarrow {C: pronunciation} Wheelbarrow {C: pronunciation} B-A-R-R-E-L. wheelbarrow {C: pronunciation} It's fun to play with too you know. It was hell to try to hook 'em to a bicycle and try to pull 'em along that was fun. You know tie 'em up high enough that uh that their elbows wouldn't drag the ground you know. And they were going {NW} like that Weird, man. Got them going so fast that the- that the wheelbarrow would run over the bike you know and scoop the guy off. It was weird. It's a wonder we didn't all get killed. Some of us did. Interviewer: Okay what about a stone or rock that you could use to sharpen a knife? 533: Well we call it a wit rock. But actually it's a whit rock. I'm sure. But it was a wit rock. Interviewer: What about something something bigger that turns around and you might 533: A grind rock? Yeah. You sharpen your ax with. Grind rock. Interviewer: Say if I start a car started started squeaking. I might take in to the station and ask the guy to put it up on the rack and do what to it? 533: Grease it. Interviewer: And if you do adjust it you say? 533: He greased it. Got my car greased. I wouldn't say lubricated. Interviewer: Right. 533: That reminds me of the jelly you use on your honeymoon you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Nah I'm kidding. That was a bad joke. I never used any of that yeah. Cause I was afraid somebody put you know a hypodermic in it and fill it full of Novocaine or something. Uh but anyway. Interviewer: That's true. 533: Yeah wouldn't it be hell? Oh lord. Interviewer: You get this grease on your hands you say your hands are? 533: Greasy. Interviewer: Right. Okay. 533: Probably G-R-E-A-Z-Y. I don't know. Greasy Interviewer: If you're from the south. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Um And if I had my in stage I might ask if he'd look up under my hood and check the? 533: Oil. Interviewer: What about old fashioned lamps? Before they have electric lamps? 533: Coal oil? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah kerosene really was a you know technical term but it was a coal oil lamp coal oil. Which was one word. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a makeshift lamp or a temporary lamp you could make with the bottles coal oil something like that? 533: Yeah I've done that. I don't know what you would call it uh You know I know what you're talking about. No. We just call it you know you know African lamp or something like that you know. Nigger rigging. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What about the inside part of the tire that inflates? 533: Inner tube. Interviewer: And say if a man has a new boat and wants to check it out and takes it out of the water. When he's putting it in the water you say he's going to? 533: Launch it you know. Interviewer: What about it? That kind of boat you would use out on the pond out here that you had to oil? 533: Like a john boat? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Paddle boat. You know. Interviewer: Is a John boat the same as a row boat? Have you ever seen that? 533: Well I don't when I think of row boat You know I think of uh you know the the uh the Roman slaves out there you know Row row row your boat you know. Ten or fifteen of 'em. Yeah you know ten on one side ten on the other. Look. Look you know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. By the way I think row row row your boat you know really. Uh there's a canoe and there's a boat you know and that's about it. Then there's a yacht. A yacht. Interviewer: A yacht. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Right. 533: A lot. Interviewer: Say if a woman wanted to make herself a dress. If she went to town to by the material by taking a little square piece. What do you call that? She's taking a little 533: I don't know. Sample. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Tear. No. Terry cloth. Interviewer: What about {X}? 533: Prettier. Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh {X} 533: That's the prettiest. Interviewer: Okay. And something that you tie around your waist in the kitchen? 533: Apron. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And this thing right here is an ink? 533: That's a pen. Mm-hmm. Ink pen. Interviewer: The thing that you use to keep the baby's diaper together? 533: A diaper pin. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a type of metal maybe uh rooves of old houses you see out in the country. 533: Tin. Interviewer: Okay you say a dime is worth? 533: Yeah ten cents. But that's ten and other is tin. Interviewer: Right. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What about a man's three-piece suit? You would say that consists what? 533: The vest pants and a coat. Interviewer: Any other word for pants? 533: Eh trousers but I had asked one of the ladies out front what trousers were the other day. And uh Trousers are the dressier britches you know like with a suit you actually get trousers you know the baggy crotch and all that stuff you know. That's trousers. And I hate trousers. Because uh I wear my pants about four inches below my navel you know. And uh trousers I can pull up right under my breasts. You know I no need to wear a shirt just wear a big tie. Interviewer: {NW} Sure okay. 533: But yeah you know trousers uh britches britches That's what I called them all my life. You know. Interviewer: The farmers used to uh wear a light {X} 533: Overalls. Mm-hmm some people call 'em overalls depends. Interviewer: Say if a if there's something around here I need I might ask would you please do that? 533: Get it for me. Interviewer: Or? 533: Eh bring it to me. Bring it to me. You just say fetch you know. Interviewer: Alright. 533: Fetch it for me. Interviewer: Yesterday I 533: Yeah, you brought it. Interviewer: Or I have 533: Uh brought it or brung it. Interviewer: Say if I'm trying on clothes say a coat I might say well that coat won't fit this year but last year. 533: It fit me yeah. Interviewer: And if my clothes are getting old and I need something to go to church in I'd say I need to go to town to buy me a? 533: Sunday suit. Interviewer: Or it's not an old one but it's a. 533: Oh a new suit yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And if I put a lot of things in my pocket. My pocket would begin to? 533: Yeah bulge. Poke out. Interviewer: Okay. And if you put a shirt that it's too hot for it it will 533: Shrink up. Interviewer: Yesterday you did 533: Yeah it shrunk. Interviewer: And? 533: Or it shrunk up. Mm-hmm. Shrunk. It had shrunk before. Interviewer: Say if a girl was getting ready to go out on a date. And if she's spending a lot of time in front of the mirror. 533: Primping. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: He's p- Interviewer: {X} 533: He's still primping. Interviewer: He's primping too? 533: Yeah. Which is you know puss technology. Boys don't primp. They shave wash their hair and you know comb their eyebrows but a girl primps you know. Interviewer: What about the thing a girl carries all those things around in? 533: That's a purse. They made that mistake one time and printed that wrong in a newspaper here. Left out the r {NW}. But anyways things like that happen. Interviewer: Okay and so 533: The same editor was also writing a story about this guy These two guys that lived on a lived there their property line was the county line And anyway one of them killed the other. Over something you know and So they never could settle this property thing and I and both of them drank all the time you know. I don't know maybe they both had steels and you know just typical old country stuff you know. {X} And uh So and they couldn't even decide if they should try the case. Because the man shot crossed the county line and killed this neighbor you know. And it down by the fence. And uh And uh the story was hyphenated went onto another page anyways And uh it said Mr. Will should have crossed the county line. {NW} And boy it was just fantastic it He got a literary award you know for the blooper of the year. It was fantastic. you know I just love it you know. Interviewer: Oh man. 533: You this is probably gonna be one hell of a interview you know what I mean. Interviewer: It's great. Talking about a thing a woman would want to wear around her wrist? 533: That's a bracelet you know. Interviewer: The thing around her neck? 533: A necklace. Interviewer: A collar uh something anything else besides a necklace? 533: Well you know chain depends on what it is. You know but a necklace of course a brooch goes on her shirt. You know a necklace Well beads if it was beads. yeah but I mean a necklace can be a necklace without it being beads. Mm-hmm and the beads beads can be a necklace. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: But this a different kind you know. Interviewer: Sure. What about these things made to use to help uh pull up their pants? 533: Galluses suspenders. Interviewer: Right. Okay. It's something that you would use to keep from getting wet over your head. 533: Umbrella. Some people call it a parasol and we used to jokingly call it a parabrella and an umbersol. You know just for the heck of it you know. Interviewer: Right. Does parasol {X}? 533: I think so I. Parasol though I think of uh you know the little bitty cute thing that the lady in Greenwood carries in the summer time you know. Ta ta ta. Right mm-hmm. Interviewer: If you're making up a bed the last thing that goes over the bed 533: That's a Bedspread. Interviewer: What about a very heavy thing you use in the winter time? 533: Uh quilt. We use those in summer too. I mean you know for the most part keep on the bed in case it gets nippy or chilly. Interviewer: Right. {NW} 533: Right. Interviewer: What about the you rest your head on? 533: The pillow. Interviewer: What about have you ever seen something a good bit longer than a pillow? 533: Hmm like a comforter? I mean Interviewer: Something like a pillow. 533: Well you know there are comforter pillows You know actually the comforter is the part the kind of covers it's got under. I don't cushion? Interviewer: Yeah. Have you heard of both? 533: No Bolster my ego now and then. You know but Interviewer: Something that you would make up on the floor for a kid whose 533: A pallet. Interviewer: This adjective if a farmer says we expect to get a big crop this year because the soil is very? 533: Rich? Interviewer: Okay {X} 533: Well, fertile? Interviewer: Sure. 533: But you know rich. Interviewer: What about uh land that {X} that might {X}? 533: Bottom. Interviewer: Yes. 533: Uh delta. You know. Round here it'd be bottom. Seventy miles west of here it'd be delta. Uh-huh. #1 Or prairie. # Interviewer: #2 Do people around here # 533: It depends you know. Like I said. Interviewer: What would people around here call a grassland? A {X}? 533: Pasture you know. Interviewer: Would they ever say another word? 533: No. Interviewer: Down here 533: Don't hear meadow. Mm-mm. Interviewer: What about land that's got water on it all the time trees growing out of it with beavers. 533: Slew. That's a slew. Marsh. Slush. Basically a slew. Interviewer: That's same as swamp? 533: Uh yeah but You know swamp is real real thick like the difference between a farce and a jungle you know. Interviewer: Different types of soil Have you ever heard anything like loam? 533: Sure there's uh I was talking about the delta seventy west uh thirty east you got- you got loam. You know black loam. It's weird. The scientists never figured it out. Why loam like out in Kansas what it's doing in a {X} 533: Since Franklin Roosevelt in my opinion. {NS} {NW} No I'm I'm a Gerald Ford I'd vote for Richard Nixon if he'd run again. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: I think he was as far as being straightforward and and helping the American people I think he was the best. {D: He got called by} being too easy with the people that work for him. You know. But anyway I s- I like him. Interviewer: What would you say uh you were doing if you had a piece of land with some water on it to cultivate to to getting water off you'd say you were? 533: Trying to drain it. Yeah. Interviewer: And the thing that you would do to take the water off? 533: Drainage ditch. Interviewer: Okay. What about a little bit of fresh water flowing along. You call that a? 533: What now? Your spring? Interviewer: Okay. 533: You know. Interviewer: Anything besides that maybe? 533: Um creek. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah you know. Interviewer: Creeks around here have names? 533: Sure every one of 'em. Even the smallest and the largest. Tell you a funny one. {X} Uh Chickasaw County has got two county seats which is weird. Uh Houston is a county seat Oklahoma's a county seat. There's twenty-five thirty miles separated. There's a couple other counties that's got that Tallahatchie has for one. Uh but the reason being basically the same. {NW} This {X} Creek separates the county you might say. It's cuts the county in half. It's not a giant creek it's just a creek you know. But back in the old old old old old days the creek would get out. {C: warped speech} You know. In other words stay flooded and you couldn't cross it with your wagon or with your horse you know for like two three months out of the year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: And so they had to build a courthouse in Oklahoma in order to you know carry on business over there too. So uh {X} I have my own definition of where the name I mean my own idea where the name came from. The word {X} is a Chickasaw Indian word that means hog corn. And I just got a mental picture of Hernando de Soto and this man coming along you know and there's a Chief Thunder Cloud or whoever down there you know {X} which means red breasted bird or robin. Uh but anyway Standing down there you know when he stops the Spaniards and they go {X} you know what is that? And a chief looks down there and there's his hogs down there eating corn in the creek bed you know he says Eh {X} #1 And they you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: from that day forward call it {X} you know what I mean? Yeah. Uh because {X} means hog corn you know. So I just kind of figure that's where he got its name and there's a lot of dumb things like that around here you know. Like uh but anyway. Uh yeah Mud Creek Four Mile Creek uh you know {X} Creek. {D: Uh Golver} Uh Long Creek Cane Creek Gordan Creek Red Sand Creek Uh {X} Creek right up here. And uh Pettigrew Creek right you know hundred yards north of where we're sitting. Uh Let's see how about some famous creeks? Well I don't know you know just all kind of names. Interviewer: What about the rivers in the area? 533: Well Not a lot what you'd call rivers uh. They all start out as creeks. Um they're all named though. Tombigbee. Uh Pearl River you know. Just a slew of 'em. You know. {X} River Interviewer: What would you call a say a place that's been gradually eroded by falling water maybe till it's ten feet across ten feet deep. 533: A gully. Interviewer: Okay. 533: #1 Ravine. # Interviewer: #2 Do people around here # 533: A lot of 'em you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: But Interviewer: Right that's what I was gonna 533: No. Interviewer: Would a ravine be the same thing? 533: Well it'd be the same thing. I think of a ravine though as being at the edge. You know. A ravine is what you might see that your car would run off. of you know besides a road whereas a gully is what you might find out in a pasture you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Well what about around the ocean. What would you call a bit of water that flows in and out with the tide? 533: {NW} Huh I don't know I don't understand. Interviewer: A whole slew of water. 533: No. Interviewer: Any of that? 533: Nah not really. I mean you know if it just hung around in a- in a low lying area you know like say in grass and frogs and stuff like that. It's slew. You know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Back water. Interviewer: Right. Okay. What if you were a slight elevation in the land? 533: Something {X} Go ahead. Interviewer: Um slight elevation in the land you would say you were on a little 533: Grade. Rise. Knoll. Hill. There's a difference in all of those. Interviewer: What? 533: Well a grade would be just a just a slight inclination. You know. Just a grade. Uh a knoll is when you're standing back here looking at a little knob of a hill over there that's a knoll. You know right over there on top of that knoll. A hill uh would be something that you have to gradually go up and it's a pretty good size. You know and uh that's Interviewer: You said a knob of a hill. Is a knob a part of a hill? 533: Uh well a knob is you know what you see sticking up you know like if you're over here and and you look out across there and there's trees and stuff you know but there's a little knob of a hill sticking up you know it look like a a bald head or something you know. A knob of a hill. A crest. You know. Point. Interviewer: Talking about here in the mountains what about the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharp what would you call it? 533: Cliff. Interviewer: Yeah the plural too. 533: Yeah. Cliffs. With an F-S. Interviewer: Right. 533: Like a cliffhanger of a ballgame you know. Interviewer: Yeah. So you're the old gun firer so every time they've shot a person they would carve a? 533: A notch. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a place where boats would stop on 533: That's a dock. Uh-huh yeah. Interviewer: They're called a wharf? 533: Well Uh the dock is where you tie the boat the wharf is what you walk on right? Going to the boat. Or going away from the boat. I don't know anyway that's the way I saw it. I can have {D: bass ackards} You know Who knows. Interviewer: Say a place in the mountains where water falls the longest that you 533: Waterfall. Interviewer: Huh okay. And uh what about the uh the road surfaces around here uh the stuff out there called uh whatever extension of Jackson what area what would you call that that surface? 533: What do you mean? Blacktop? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. The highway. It's just a highway. Interviewer: Okay. 533: The surface is you know asphalt. It's a blacktop road. Interviewer: And the sticky stuff is? 533: {NS} Uh tar really. Yeah. Interviewer: What about uh say something that the cows always walk down from the pasture but they're coming in from the 533: Path. Cow path. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard any word for a strip of grass between the street and the sidewalk? Maybe in residential areas? 533: Like a right of way? Is that what you mean? Interviewer: Uh you know you just got the street here 533: Or Interviewer: Sidewalk along it and it's just a strip of grass. back between the sidewalk. 533: Eh not especially no. Interviewer: Do you know where I'm talking about? 533: I know what you're talking about we don't have a lot of that around here because You know it's concrete roads and all and they just the sidewalk the street to side with side. What do they call that? Interviewer: {X} 533: Nah. Uh-uh Interviewer: Um Say if a dog jumped out that scared you you might pick up a 533: Stick. Interviewer: Or a 533: Rock. Interviewer: And 533: Chunk it at him. Throw it at him Interviewer: Right. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Chunk it. 533: Well actually it probably should be chuck. You know. You upchuck. Right {NW} Me I vomit. Interviewer: Right. 533: But uh chunk Actually a chunk is- is a is a description of you know how big it is like a chunk of wood. But you can also chunk it at him you know. Or throw it at him. A lot of people say throw it. {C: pronunciation} T-H O Throw it at him. {C: pronunciation} So Interviewer: You vomit uh Is that a neutral term for you? Or is it does it have any kind of joking or derogatory connotation? 533: Well There's different classes of the word actually. {D: Uh I don't know if there's any claim to what it say you know.} I have an upset stomach well I don't know if that means you know. Uh have diarrhea or if they're throwing up. You know. Throwing up is probably the uh the clean slick way of saying but uh puke uh has a connotation of being putrid I think of Pepto-Bismol and you know yuck. Interviewer: #1 Alright {NW} # 533: #2 You know when I think of puke. # Uh something totally totally unacceptable you know I say ah I puke. You know. Uh vomit. Um Interviewer: What about barf? 533: Well I've heard that but you know. That's what people say after they've had college for two years you know. I thought I'd barf. You know like a barf being a dog {NW}. Interviewer: {NW} 533: You know. Interviewer: Did you say you upchuck is that? 533: Well no I heard that. You know. Time or two you know. Thought I'd upchuck. But I basically- I vomit. You know I throw up. Interviewer: Have you ever heard flash used like that? 533: Flash? Interviewer: During that you had to go flash. 533: No. If I had too much to drink and went to flash that means I showed my genitals to some lady in the hall you know what I mean. Yeah I flashed 'em {NW} you know. {X} You know. Interviewer: Toss your cookies? 533: Yeah no. Interviewer: Where's that? 533: No or get your cookies but that was what a woman was talking about one time you know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Alright. Uh if somebody if you're in the yard and someone comes um looking for uh she wants wants to talk to your wife and she's cooking say well she's 533: She's in the house. Interviewer: Specific? 533: Nah, she's cooking. Interviewer: What room she's 533: Uh she's in the kitchen. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {X} if you like your coffee uh with nothing in it say you? 533: I like it black. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: I don't Interviewer: Typically you like it milk? 533: Cream and sugar you mean? Interviewer: Just kind of 533: With milk? Interviewer: Just put a little Alright. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: No milk you'd #1 say I like it you know # 533: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: Just a 533: Without milk. Interviewer: #1 Sure okay. # 533: #2 Yeah # without. Interviewer: Any other terms for um I don't know if we talked about this or not for for uh coffee without anything in it? 533: No uh-uh we haven't Interviewer: Yeah what would you what would you call that? 533: Black coffee. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Anything else? 533: Uh straight. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Plain. Interviewer: Kay. 533: Just coffee. Interviewer: Ever heard barefooted? 533: No uh-uh. Interviewer: Uh if somebody is not going away from me you would say he's coming right? 533: Towards you. Interviewer: Okay. 533: T-O-R-J Towards. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Right. {NW} 533: #1 Coming at me. # Interviewer: #2 So sure. # 533: You know. Interviewer: Sure okay. Um somebody that you met. You weren't looking for 'em. You say I just sort of ran? 533: I run into him. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. And if uh? 533: Run across him maybe. Interviewer: Sure. If a girl is given a same name as her mother and you say that the parents named the child? 533: Named 'em after you know. Interviewer: Okay. If you wanted your dog to get after another dog what would you say? 533: Uh sic him on him. Sic him. Interviewer: What if you wanted him to cease hostility? You want him to stop. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Come back to you. 533: {NW} I'd whistle at him I guess. {X} Bastard {NW} I mean you know just to get his attention you know. Interviewer: Say anything. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Right. What about a dog that's not a pure breed. They sell different types? 533: Mongrel. What you're looking for we call 'em sooners. Interviewer: Sooners? 533: Yeah. {D: Russian sockers.} {D: A Russian socker.} It's kind of like a sooner you know or a see more. Well {X} rush up to something and sock her nose in it before she look you know and she didn't have sense to know you know. {D: A Russian socker.} A sooner eh just sooner you know sooner eat than hunt. And um you know see more you can see more of his tail and ears than anything. You know. Uh just a mutt. Really a mutt. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Mm-hmm. Half breed you know. Interviewer: {X} {X} 533: Oh {NW} Yeah That's kind of like sooner I guess. Interviewer: Yeah what about a little tiny noisy yapping dog that always gets to be a nuisance. Can you general word for a dog like that? 533: What you mean a derogatory term? Interviewer: Well it 533: You mean like a chihuahua feist? Yeah you know like a feist he's feisty. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah you know My- my I used to be feisty and still am I guess it's part of the you know. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Uh you might say you better watch out for that dog it might? 533: He might bite you. Interviewer: Yesterday he? 533: He bit a man. Interviewer: He has? 533: {NW} Bitten a bunch of them before. Interviewer: Alright. And uh herded cattle what do you call them? 533: Bull. Interviewer: Can you remember a time when that wasn't polite usage in mixed company? 533: The bull? Well if you were talking about a you know a farm animal uh you could see some of the {NW} ladies you know turn their head a little bit. Uh but I don't know why. They wouldn't- it shouldn't bother them. unless they been out of the barn and looked at his nuts hanging down you know. Uh I mean he's a bull. I mean a bull yeah. Shouldn't bother them if I talk about it unless they look at mine hanging down. {NW} You know. I don't believe in all this you know uh uh what do you call it acquired innocence. I mean if you are you are. If you're not you're not. If you're black you're black. You're white your white. There's a few shades of gray but you know not many. But yeah I- I can remember that. Now bull when you said aw bull you know. Um Interviewer: Aw baloney. 533: Yeah baloney crap. You know. Interviewer: What about these animals big burly animals that would be plowing? 533: Ox? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if you had two of 'em? 533: Mm we call 'em oxes but you know oxen I think is Interviewer: Would you call that a something of oxes? 533: Team. Mm-hmm. But you had a team of mules. Team of horses. You know team of dogs. Interviewer: Sure. What about if you have a cow that's expecting a calf you say that cow's going to? 533: She's springing. She's going to freshen in a few days. Is that what you mean? Interviewer: Yeah sure. 533: You know a horse you would say she's going to fold. Interviewer: The cow is springing? 533: Springing. Yeah I mean you know like we run an ad sometime for you know um uh eight hundred pure bred cows some springing some with calves inside When they're springing in others words uh you know put- put these three fingers in their ribs you know you tell if they're springers. You know it the the the calves inside springing up and down you know I don't know. She's fixing to freshen in a few days so. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Uh well no just freshen Fixing to have a {D: calf I mean now} Interviewer: What about the male horse? 533: Uh stud. Well if it is a stud. Actually horse Well is it a horse or is a mare? You know. Right. You know. {D: Like a bull or a cow horse or a mare?} Interviewer: Were you going to say stallion? 533: Uh stallion would have the you know Like uh my friend that drug a stone some stallions you know he gives eight thousand and nine thousand dollars a piece for 'em gets a seven hundred fifty dollar stud fee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: You know that's a stallion. Now a stud is just like me and you you know. He just hangs around a pasture and takes what he can get you know. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {NW} What do you say you do on a horse you get on it? 533: You ride it. Interviewer: Yeah yesterday you? 533: He rode him. Interviewer: And you have? 533: You have ridden him you have rode him you know. Interviewer: Okay. If you can't stay on a horse you say you fell? 533: You fell off. He bucked you off. Interviewer: What about a kid who wakes up in the morning on the floor you can say my goodness? 533: Golly I fell off the bed. Not off from or off of. One of they- a lot of people say I fell off of the bed. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know. Double prepositions. Interviewer: What about the things you put on the bottom of the horse's feet to protect? 533: Shoes. Interviewer: You ever play a game with them? 533: Sure horseshoes. Interviewer: What about part of the horses foot they go on? 533: That's the hoof. Interviewer: More than one? 533: Well hooves. Hooves. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Should be hoof really I guess. Horse hoof. Like a house roof. Interviewer: Whatever you say. 533: Babe Ruth You know Interviewer: {NW} Babe Ruth. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What about the male of a sheep what would you call them? 533: Well ram. You know. Interviewer: What about a big ram? 533: {NW} Third grade teacher might call him an ewe {C: pronunciation} one time. {NW} Interviewer: Really? 533: Yeah. {NW} I said and of course we don't have sheep around here you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: I said boy you are a dummy. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Heard about the sheep herder that went to take his driving test and the man and the patrol man ask him if he can take a U turn. Interviewer: {NW} 533: You know. {NW} Interviewer: Oh lord. {X} 533: I guess just for the hell of it I really never saw much use in it. No no kidding you know they got the wool. Uh you know of course it's I guess it's good meat I've never had a leg of lamb. You know. I had a little leg in my time. But no. Really I- I never had I- I wouldn't know. You know if it's any good. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Yeah I've heard about that they saw the meat. Yeah. And {X} But anyway. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Yeah. Well you know the you know the you seen the old movies the sheep herder come into town and the cowboys wouldn't sit close to him you know. {NW} {NW} Oh man yeah. Interviewer: Okay what would you call a male hog? 533: That's a boar. That's just a hog. You know they had it's a hog and a sow. You know. Interviewer: What about an unbred female? 533: Well shoat I mean you know. Interviewer: You ever heard of guilt? 533: Yeah. Guilt Farrows barrows and guilts you know right. Interviewer: You mean when you say barrow you mean? 533: Well uh a barrow would be the boar hog that has been {D: castracized.} Yeah he's a boar. I mean you know. and a barrow. Interviewer: Now that you mentioned what about a very a little one? 533: That's a pig. Piggy. Interviewer: And a little bigger than that but not quite adult size? 533: Uh still a pig. Interviewer: Would you ever use shoat? 533: Well you know shoat. Yeah shoat would be kind of the size you know. Piglet you know if you're got on your white shoes and your gloves. Interviewer: Right. 533: You know that'd be piglets. But a litter they come in litters you know. Interviewer: Yeah okay. What about these stiff hairs on hog's back? 533: Bristles. Like the brush the boar bristle brush? Interviewer: Right. What about their long teeth? 533: Tusks. Tusks {C: pronunciation} you know. Whatever tusks. Tusks {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: {NW} 533: big teeth. Interviewer: It's going to be a goody to transcribe. 533: Yeah. {NW} yeah. Interviewer: What about the thing that you pour feed in? 533: Trough. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah troughs. Hog trough. Interviewer: What about a hog that's got {X}? 533: That's a wild hog. Interviewer: There's a razorback there? 533: No that's Arkansas. Yeah. They take a lot of pride in that. Not many of 'em either you know. It's kind of like rebels. There ain't many of them. Ain't have a lot of bulldogs either. {NW} Or Bengal tigers for that matter. Interviewer: Okay. What about the sound a calf makes maybe if it's hungry? 533: She's bawling Interviewer: What about a cow? 533: Huh she bawling too. You know. A mule brays. A horse neighs or sn- or nickers or snickers. {NW} You know. But um Interviewer: Okay. What about if you got 533: What- what do you call it that- that the donkey does? {NW} You know. Snort yeah. I guess yeah. Interviewer: {X} 533: No but you know have you ever heard 'em? You know a jack ass? {NW} Interviewer: You do that well. 533: A lot of practice. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Had to entertain yourself somehow you know. Interviewer: Sure. Uh what about animals like cows mules or horses you say got a lot of? 533: Well you know a lot of livestock. Huh farm animals. Interviewer: What about feathered animals ducks? 533: Fowl. Well they're fowls but it's just you know {NW} Birds. Interviewer: What about a hen on a nest egg trying to hatch out something? 533: {NW} Um setting hen. Yeah. Interviewer: And a place for a chicken to live? 533: Chicken house. And they stand on a you know uh we used to have 'em. The thing had a like poles you know like a tree you know a little bitty light tree and he bent it over and went up this way and he tacked it to the top of the chicken house. And then you tack these things on top. I think it's a roost you know. Chicken roost. Interviewer: {X} 533: A coop. A coop. Uh that's something that you know put two or three in usually to put two and you give up one at one end and one at the other you know and it was built you know from the middle out the little straps That's something you gotta take 'em over to grandma's house and yank their heads off and cook 'em for Sunday dinner you know chicken coop you know. Interviewer: What about a piece of the chicken say if you're frying it? The kids like to get something? 533: Pulley bone? Interviewer: Sure. Yeah. What's {X} to the story there? 533: Uh let me see now you put it under the table and make a wish and then you jerk it and the guy that gets the shortest part you know gets the wish. You know. There's variations on that. Some people say it's the longest part. Interviewer: Right. 533: I say hell eat the chicken and shut up. I don't care. I {NW} Interviewer: Okay um have you ever heard any general term or comprehensive term for the inside parts of a hog that are edible? You might not eat it but they are edible. 533: Chitterlings? Interviewer: Okay. 533: I mean you know. Chitterlings that's hog intestines yeah. And it Interviewer: Are these harder to taste? 533: Yeah but you know. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Have you ever heard # 533: #2 Guts # Interviewer: {X} 533: No. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 533: #2 Uh-uh # Around here see especially well a lot of people then eat they eat the brains. They eat the ears. They eat pickled pigs feet. They eat pig tails. They eat chitterlings. Yeah you know knuckles man damn. {NS} Sausage about all I can handle and a little ham now and then. {NW} But uh #1 but here we go yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Hogs # 533: Whole hog sausage you know what that means? They even got the feet in there man. You know whole hog sausage ears eyes. Well you {NS} like that a lot when you're eating it too you know. {NW} And then the heart spots out you know. Interviewer: {X} What about uh this expression that farmers Say if it's getting a little late. you might say well like it's not so late it's right on the 533: Sundown. Interviewer: Or it will say these animals are carrying over because they're hungry. 533: Right. Feeding time? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Hey you ever heard a farmer call his cattle {X}? 533: {NW} Mm-hmm Interviewer: That's the cow. 533: That's the cow. The hogs it's a {NW} Don't know why but it is. Interviewer: To get 'em to come to you? 533: Yeah. {NW} You know like that. They have a hog calling contest. Had a uncle a great uncle who one time won. I believe it's held in Missouri. They also have a bear calling contest. Interviewer: #1 It's called a bear # 533: #2 Uh # Interviewer: {X} 533: I don't know just bare necessity I guess. Interviewer: {NW} 533: But you call a horse like this {NW} That little soft whistle {NW} That way. You know. And uh you know. Interviewer: Would you call calves any different way than cows? 533: S- calf. You know just a bit lighter. You know you you call the word calf. Well I don't know I guess it's just what they get used to like teaching a kid language. A girl like said you said you- you whistle like a dog. {NW} But a horse {NW}. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: I don't know. But uh You try to go to the pasture and get one of my horses just come out there going {NW}. And they'll look at you like Hey fool I'm eating you know. They just won't do it. It's what they get used to. Interviewer: You got into this the other day uh when you were talking about making a turn in town but what you would say to the horse when you are turning your plow? 533: Well if you want to go right you say gee. If you want to go left you say ha. If you want to stop you say whoa. And uh your mule especially any of that you know you didn't have to Gee. {C: prolonged} {NW} gee you know. And they just eased to the right. Just a little bit you know to get off the top of the road. And uh you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah. What if you were riding a horse and you wanted to get him started? 533: {NW} Get up. You know. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 533: Or come up. Get up was when he was on and come up was when he was buying him driving him you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Come up Interviewer: You mentioned a call to get pigs to come to you. What if you want them to scatter? 533: Sooey. Sooey pig. You know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Why I don't know? That's weird. Interviewer: {NW} Have you ever heard people kind of talk to their pigs when they're feeding 'em? 533: Sure. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Pigs are smart. Interviewer: Would they I mean you know something that might say uh 533: Bullshit {X} Interviewer: Do you do that kind of thing? 533: Here piggy piggy piggy what's going on you know and just you know. Interviewer: Would you only say that when you're feeding them? 533: Uh no you can get 'em to come to you that way you know. Here piggy piggy piggy piggy. You know. And uh Interviewer: What about chickens? 533: Uh What do you mean how to call 'em? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You can just cluck. You know. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Cluck 'em. {NW} chick chick chick chick Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Course you know we we can do all of the sounds you know. {NW} {NW}. You know and uh you know. {NW} And you can call snakes. Yeah call snakes many of them. Interviewer: Call snakes? 533: You can call a snake. Interviewer: Oh. 533: Different ways. Interviewer: {X} 533: No there's a different way. {NW} I don't know. Snakes you know like chicken snakes and all you know they eat rats and they eat you know rabbits and all you gotta do is you know just {NW} Like that you got to be where you know the snakes are you know you gotta be in the barn down in the slew or out there where you used to throw the old rubber tires you know they're there anyway. It takes a while because snakes are pretty slick man. Well there are more ways than one. And you you know you can smell you can smell 'em. Interviewer: Right. 533: Yeah uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} 533: For a guy with no ears they're pretty slick do you know what I mean. Interviewer: Okay {NW}. What about if you wanted to get your horse ready to go somewhere? Put on the bridle and uh the uh saddle and that and say you're going? 533: You're saddling him up. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh what about if you were going to get him ready to {X} 533: Well are you still hooking him up? Interviewer: Well the harness? 533: Well you harnessing him up. You know. Interviewer: For the buggy are you? 533: Yeah you know mm-hmm. Sure. Get him ready to plow you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: That kind of. Interviewer: What about the kinds of things you hold in your hands when you're riding the horse? 533: The reigns. Mm-hmm bridle reigns. And of course if you're plowing it's plow lines. Interviewer: Plow lines damn. What about what you put your feet in? 533: Stirrups. Which rhymes with syrup. You know which means you better stick to it you know? Interviewer: {NW} 533: Mm. Interviewer: {X} 533: Oh man You know there's uh this uh this old city lady went out to the farm one time and uh and this farmer asked her said you want a saddle with a horn without a horn? She said well hell it don't seem to be much traffic out here I'm guessing I can do without one. You know. {NW} Oh wow. Sorry about that I know you didn't come here for fun and games. Interviewer: Oh no {D: It's a treat} What about {X} If you had two horses hitched to a wagon anything in particular that you would call the horse on the right? 533: Call 'em you know like lead horse? I mean if if well but that would if you had like four horses you know. You know something like that you know your lead side. Interviewer: Or which one exactly is he the one? 533: Well usually you have your pick. Yeah he is where most people put them because right's the strong side. Right I mean it's the old genealogical theory of {X} ego I don't know. Crap on Freud I don't think he knew what he was doing. Sat around and played with hisself all the time. Interviewer: {NW} 533: But um Uh You know you had old red or old Jim or old Nig Nig was the black one. You know. You got that yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh Interviewer: Okay. Say this expression if something is not right here or at hand you say it's just a little over? 533: Mm-hmm. It's a little far over. Interviewer: Okay. 533: What do you mean? Interviewer: Just a little way ways? 533: Yeah just a little ways over. Over yonder. Yonder is a big word. Interviewer: Say if you've been traveling and you're not yet finished where you going. Say you gotta go to- to Nashville and you stopped in Jackson so you still gotta? 533: If I was going to Nashville I'd stop in Jackson I went the wrong way you know. Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 533: But any way yeah I know what you mean uh. You know say I got a little piece to go you know. Interviewer: Sure. 533: It's the old joke of the guys. Wife hollers where you going say I'm going down the road for a little peace. Interviewer: {NW} 533: She didn't know right yeah. {NW} Pulled a gun and said you {D: said I bet you do you ain't going nowhere.} Interviewer: Okay something that something very common you don't have to look for it in spatial place you say you can find that just about? 533: Just about anywhere? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Or anywheres. Interviewer: Alright. 533: {NW} Interviewer: If I fell down and fell that way, you'd say I'd fell? 533: Frontwards. {C: pronunciation} Forward. Interviewer: Okay and that way? 533: Backwards. {C: pronunciation} Or backwards. Fell back. Interviewer: Uh 533: They used to now they say you know uh were y'all going summers? {C: pronunciation} Which was short for somewheres. You know. Interviewer: Uh 533: Summers. Interviewer: Say if you been fishing just had miserable luck. And the first thing somebody asks you is say how do you do? What would you probably say? 533: Not too good. Had a bad day. Interviewer: You ever heard people around here say anything like {X} 533: Yeah mm-hmm. Nary a one. Mm-hmm. Well a lot of times now we use that kind of stuff kind of a joking like manner. You know what I mean. I say man I ain't seen {X} Well you know I would say that around anybody you know. But uh they know exactly what I mean. This is the funny thing about like I was talking about with my Spanish friend a while ago. We started talking about that uh to give you an idea of how many how we Americans use words you know we got forty nine dozen words that mean the same thing. And uh {D: Benny Peacock} came up in uh {X} who was from Honduras. And I wish I could see him he was a great guy. Um had a crush on Marsha she was cute. Man she was cute. Well Benny Peacock was the kind with his hair three inches over his ears that glasses looked like the bottom of a Coke bottle. You know I mean it would've looked alright is he had combed his hair different and wore a different kind of glasses I mean you know no shame he just needed a you know look at hisself and saw ah I'm going to turn this around a little bit. His pants were up to high over his ankles you know high waters and white socks and the funky shoes you know. {D: Clodhoppers} And he said you know they played cards they played spades and setback and all that crap. I never did have time for that you know. and chase abroad chase abroad going to work go to work you know. Hmm. But um So he asked Marsha. He said hey uh play a little cards do you have a deck? And {X} come unglued. And he started to jump on Benny Peacock and I grabbed him. {NW} And I pulled him back over and say what's wrong? He said but Rick that son of a bitch know I don't have no woman have no deck. Interviewer: {NW} 533: You know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Woman don't have no deck. {X} No deck. Interviewer: {NW} 533: And uh Interviewer: {NW} 533: So oh you know and he he missed it just a little bit. Interviewer: {X} 533: But I mean you know around here you know like I said we we have our words. You know and if I say I ain't seen high in hair that booger well you know uh they know that they that means I hadn't seen him. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: And they you know if the question is have you seen Bill man he said high in hair that booger. That means tan him out to uh-uh. No. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Kind of like David {X} and Johnny Carson you know in- in Philadelphia they say Uh gee no Jew you know. Interviewer: {NW} Sure. 533: Did you eat? No did you? No. Gee no Jew. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Uh we do that kind of kind of stuff. You know and they do everywhere. And I guess that's what makes it caused difficulties right? {NW} Interviewer: Right okay. {NS} What you call the trenches that are cut out by a plow? 533: Row. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Some people call 'em furrows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 533: Huh. Interviewer: Okay. If you have a big yield you say you raise big? 533: Good crop. Interviewer: And if you got some land with bushes and trees on it you wanna put it in cultivation. What do you say you do to it? 533: You gotta clear it. Interviewer: Okay. 533: You know push it off it depends um what it is you actually gotta do you know. Interviewer: Say if uh if a farmer just cut his hay off and when it comes back again a second time what do you call that? 533: What do you mean it comes back to do what? Interviewer: Well if it's just gonna just grows again? 533: Oh he's just gonna clip it. You know. Cut it. {NW} Interviewer: You call that a second crop? 533: Oh it's a second cutting. Yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call something that uh comes up in a field even though you didn't plant it. 533: You mean like wild grass? Interviewer: No what say if gotta a field of beans a cob of corn comes up that you didn't plant. 533: Well. It's- it's still considered a wild just came up wild you know. Interviewer: Ever heard it call it volunteer crop? 533: Yeah. Volunteer tomatoes and stuff like that yeah. But you know volunteer is like you had a whole row or something. You know I mean Uh wild would be just an occasional you know and a forty acre patch you had one stalk of corn and counted three soybeans you know. Interviewer: Right. 533: That would mean some idiot down at the feed mill you know {NW} messed up on the shipment you know right. Interviewer: I don't know if you ever grew wheat around here. 533: No. Interviewer: Say you cut wheat. You would gather it and tie it up and cut up into a? 533: Uh a stack I guess. I think they call it something else when it's wheat. like a a sh- not a shook. Shank? Shack? Shock okay shock yeah. Shock around here reminds you of pancakes. {D: You know Shockleys.} Interviewer: {X} 533: Well I don't know like I said didn't have much wheat around here. Interviewer: Okay. Very roughly how much corn an acre did you say you could yield? 533: A good yield? Well depends uh you can get to seventy-five hundred bushel something like that. If you're sharp. Interviewer: What would you say you did to oats separating the grain from the {X}? 533: I what do you mean? Kind of like thinning out you know chopping cotton? I don't know. Interviewer: You say thrash? 533: Yeah you- you could trash it you can thrash wheat thrash oats yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Some pronouns I'm going to ask you about. Say we're not using names we gotta do a job together you would say that and have to do this. 533: Well it depends on if I was using the prepositional type you know subject uh you and me. You and I. Interviewer: Sure okay. 533: Him and I him and me. Interviewer: Alright what about a girl? 533: Me and her. Us and y'all. You know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What if you say that job's not for one of us but it's for? 533: Both of us. My daddy would say both. Interviewer: Okay. Say if you were going to identify yourself. Again without using your name you knock on the door. 533: Hey it's me. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 533: #2 Yeah. # Who is it it's me right. Hate that don't you? That's about as hello who is this? Who the hell you wanna talk to? You know you called my number you tell me who I am. Interviewer: Say if you were identifying another adult without using his name. You would say that? 533: I'd say Who him? Yeah. Yeah that's him. Interviewer: Okay what about? 533: Well actually that is he. That is she. But uh I'd say yeah that's her. Interviewer: What about several peoples' names. 533: Yeah that's them. Interviewer: Okay. 533: That's the Hatfields. You know. Interviewer: Right. Comparing how tall you are. You say he's not as tall as 533: He not as tall as me. Interviewer: Okay or the other way around I'm not as 533: I'm not as tall as him. Interviewer: Okay um 533: I realize that's improper but in casual conversation you know yeah that's yeah. Me and one of my asshole buddies that's how we talk. Interviewer: If something belongs to me you say that? 533: It's yours. Interviewer: Alright it belongs to both of us? 533: Yeah it's ours. And some people say {X} That's {X} There's an old man in the hospital one time he's about eighty. His old nurse come bouncing in you know and he'd been laying there three days just barely knew he was in the world. She come in good morning Mr. Jones. He said how you doing? She said I came in today I want some urine. He said man damn I been kind of wanting some of urine too but I scared to ask for it. You know {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 533: {NW} So you know it's uh different generations say different things you know what I mean? Interviewer: Uh 533: {NW} Interviewer: lord. {NW} 533: We're not getting much anywhere are we? Interviewer: Oh no we're doing fine. {X} Uh we've been talking about y'all. What about the possessive of that? 533: Y'all's. That's y'all's house. Interviewer: Sure. 533: That's y'all's car. Interviewer: Do people around here say y'all's? 533: Uh not so much. That's y'all's We don't say that any much. That's kind of like {X} You know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: {NW} Interviewer: Say this is a question if I had been to a party you didn't get to go and I was telling you about it afterwards and you wanted to know who's as the party what would you ask? 533: You know who was there? Was they there? Interviewer: Okay. 533: You know. Bill and Tom was they there? Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 533: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Now if I if I had been to your speaker. And you didn't get to go out and I was telling you about it you know if you wanted to say what would you ask? 533: You know how'd he do? You know. Interviewer: Or? 533: Or what did he have to say? Was he okay? What about him? Interviewer: Sure do you ever hear people around here say who all was there and what all did they say? 533: Yeah uh-huh right. Right. Interviewer: Could you say that for me? 533: Yeah who all was there? You know. What all did he talk about? Interviewer: Uh 533: Was that wrong? {NW} Interviewer: No. 533: Oh okay. Interviewer: Oh that's a 533: Nothing is wrong. There's no wrongs and no right, right? It's just like I said if- if people know what you're talking about it's right you know. Interviewer: Okay. Um this reflexive if if no one else will do it for him you say he's gotta do it? 533: Hisself. Interviewer: Uh would you ever say anything different for him? 533: Uh by himself. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Alone. You know. I despise the use of the word myself. You know when people say uh uh you know myself and Bob. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 533: That ain't right. That ain't right. That's just like saying me and you. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: That's shit I don't like that. Interviewer: {NW} 533: You know I mean this is people like people Walter Cronkite and Tom Snyder you know it's a Well as for myself. Well sure it's for yourself. Idiot. I mean you know as for me for me. Myself uh Interviewer: What would you have 533: It does it just {D: gull tail} out if me I You know I mean I think people in that position uh there's some words that I don't like and like I said home you know hey he sold his home. How can you do that? You know you sell your wife and kids and. You know as for myself. Well what other self do you ask for? You know. Uh as for me I mean that's a proper use of the word it's prepositional. It's the object of the preposition. It joins the phrase ah you know. As for me I just don't like when you say that. Interviewer: We associate the black usage that uh irritates you. 533: What do you mean? Interviewer: What it is. 533: Oh yeah what it is T city. Yeah well you know that's just crap. You know that's just talk. Hey brother you know. You know and I you know I carry on with 'em I put up with it. But if they get serious and say uh listen brother I say look motherf- you ain't my brother. And don't be coming and giving me that shit. Uh yeah yeah what it is you know how y'all you know and hey I don't- I don't know. you know you see that stuff I think they just see that stuff on TV and they just all accept it right quick. I don't you know. It's alright. It's ignorance. Interviewer: You know something else. What about the different types of bread that come to mind? 533: Hmm loaf bread. Which a lot of people call light bread or white bread. Sliced bread. There's cornbread and loaf bread. Rolls buns biscuits and a roll and a biscuit's different. And you know and uh And a canned biscuit is different from a biscuit biscuit. Interviewer: {NW} 533: My mother made cat head biscuits. who which you know we just call biscuits but you know she just mixes out flour passes it out of her hand {NW}. Throws it in a bucket I mean throws it in the little flat thing you know. And you know and cooks it and whenever it finishes cooking it's got little knots on it you know little places where the flour overlapped you know. Looks like a cat's head you know it got little eyes there some shut some open some dark. Uh never had a green eye but anyway. Interviewer: Right okay. Something to say that they basically there's just two types of bread. There's type you made at home. That's homemade bread. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: By the store that's? 533: Mm-hmm store bought bread I guess. Bought bread {NW} But then there's day old bread. I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Talking about cornbread what would you call the stuff made with corn meal? In round spheroids with onions and particularly with fish? 533: Uh hush puppies. They're not necessarily round. They can be oblong square flat. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Ugly yeah right. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Hush puppies. Interviewer: Yeah. What about uh Does hoe cake mean anything to you? 533: Hoe cake? I tea cake is what I think of. We used to call 'em tea cakes. Uh It's just a sometimes you know made with a peanut butter and flour base. Sometimes it's just milk sugar flour. Interviewer: Right made with corn meal. 533: No well that's a fritter. Oh that kind of hoe cake. Oh I know what you're talking about now. You're talking about a muffin. You talking Yeah uh {NW} Alright the cornbread muffin. Looks like a blueberry muffin but it's made out of cornbread. Okay? Interviewer: That's a fritter? 533: No that's a corn that's a muffin. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Alright now fritter is cornbread like you might fry on the grill you know you you know you uh you can you fry fritters. You know it's just a little bitty thin- it's like a pancake but it's made out of cornbread. Okay? Uh hoe cake That could go under the same thing I always thought of a tea cake. Which is a sweet you know something for a kid you know. Tea cake uh cookie. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: You know. Homemade cookie. Interviewer: Do people around here talk about corn pone or a pone of corn? 533: No that's what Yankees call 'em when Do you have any corn pone? You know it's corn bread. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 533: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a corn dodger? 533: No. Interviewer: Never heard of that. 533: No. That sound like a a drunk baseball player. A corn dodger. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 533: #2 Right. Yeah. # {NS} Interviewer: What about {X}{NS}? 533: Well A Johnny cake I thought of you know tea cakes too. You know just like I said a little cookie homemade cookie. Actually the raw yellow dough is much better than the finished product. {NW} Interviewer: Alright okay. 533: {NW} Interviewer: We were talking about pancakes have you ever heard them called anything else? 533: Flap jacks. Mm pancakes a lot of people call 'em waffles which they ain't. But you know flap jacks pancakes. Interviewer: Hot cakes? 533: Yeah hot cakes. Short stack. Interviewer: {NW} right. 533: You know the stack. Interviewer: About how much garbage would you take out {X} 533: Mm {NW} five pounds. Interviewer: {NS} Okay. And two words for an egg there's? 533: The yolk and the white. I mean the yolk and the yellow. Or the white and the yellow. Interviewer: Okay. What about different ways to cook an egg? 533: Uh you can fry 'em. Basically I eat 'em scrambled on my lap but you can fry 'em over easy soft hard you can boil 'em poach 'em. You know. Interviewer: Okay what would call a piece of egg that you boil? 533: Streak of lean {D: Sow Billy} Fat back. Interviewer: {D: Sow Billy} fat back. 533: Well yeah you know. It's just a term you know it's the fat part under the sow you know with within the sow's belly where there's a lot of fat you know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Fat back. Interviewer: Meat that you might slice thin to eat for breakfast? 533: Bacon. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a man who sells meat? 533: Yeah butcher. You know basically. Interviewer: Okay. Thinking about a lot of bacon {NS} without having it sliced? 533: You mean a slab? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah that's good too man. Most time though that's coming to the term of streak lean because it's got one of those streak lean down the middle of it you know. Streak lean. Interviewer: You ever heard that called middling? 533: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Same thing? 533: Mm-hmm. Yeah roughly. You know you would not uh not that much difference in 'em you know. Uh Interviewer: Could you say that for me? 533: What middling? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah it's kind of like streak of lean. Interviewer: Uh what about if you slice some bacon off a slab? You'd probably want to cut that tough part off. 533: Yeah. Skin. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah rind. {NS} The hair in 'em {NS} Interviewer: Say if you kept meat for too long you'd say it's done what? {NS} 533: Got old. I mean {NS} old meat. {NS} And depends on what it is. Some of it can sour. Some of it can turn green. I mean I have a Interviewer: Little rank I suppose. 533: Yeah. Rank. You know it's rank. {D: Asphalt burnt} Interviewer: Okay. 533: You know. {X} ruins. It ain't no good if it don't ruin. Buttermilk has to ruin before it's buttermilk see. Interviewer: {NW} What about butter it's that way? It's gotten bad. 533: Hmm well uh butter you would just say you know uh ruined. Now milk that gets that way is blinky. Interviewer: Blinky? 533: Right blinky milk is the kind you had when you milk the old one cow and she ate bitter weeds. Or wild onions. The milk tasted blinky. I mean it's like having bad breath from eating lasagna right? {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody say that butter's got a funky taste to it? It's got a funky? 533: Yeah funky but that's that's a new term. Interviewer: Yeah what does that mean? 533: Just anything that's away from the norm. Tastes funky. Uh My pipe has a funky smell. You know. So I guess I'm fixing to get funky because I'm fixing to fire that heifer up. Interviewer: Get down. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: What about what could you make with a meat from a hog's head? 533: Hmm I don't know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Oh well we don't fool with that kind of stuff. Yeah sow's I've heard of it. Sow's meat never knew what it was. Is that was it is? Hog brains? Interviewer: Well not exactly the brains but the 533: Ears eyes? Interviewer: All that. 533: The inlets and outlets. Interviewer: {NW} Sure. Anything that you could make by cooking and grinding up hog liver? {NS} 533: Cooking and grinding up hog liver? Yeah hash I guess I mean you know. Interviewer: What do you think like 533: Mix it up in with your turnip greens. You know what I mean. Interviewer: Liver sausage uh? 533: No liver cheese. #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: No. We wasn't that fancy. His liver hell is liver you know. Interviewer: You ever heard of anyone around here making a thing with the blood from a hog? Blue pudding white pudding? 533: No. I mean I've heard it but I mean you know just in talking but I've never known anyone to really do it. Knew a guy one time that drank duck's blood. Supposed to have some type of super effect and you know he still weighs about a hundred and four. Ugly. Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Uh then well his brain is what needed it. If he had poured it between his ears it would have been alright. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Fill up that hole you know. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of scrapple? 533: Yeah it's a game you play on a table. You know and you make up words. Interviewer: #1 Scrapple? # 533: #2 Oh. # Scrapple nah. No. Interviewer: What about fixed sour milk that women would keep on hand in the kitchen? 533: Buttermilk? Clabbered milk? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah clabbered milk. Uh clabbered milk's good. Lot of times what we used to call buttermilk which is clabbered milk you know. There's a difference in the buttermilk and clabbered milk. Slightly but {NW} You know. Interviewer: What about that white stuff that people go on diets eat a lot? 533: Cottage cheese? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: And say if you just milked your cow something you could do to the milk to get some of the impurities out? 533: Oh you could pasteurize it. Interviewer: Or? 533: Or you know boil it really. Interviewer: Or pouring it through a? 533: You could strain it oh like we used to. Yeah we used to strain it through an old shirt. {NW} strain it. The guy that came in and and uh wanted to take a milk bath and he said make sure it's pasteurized. You know. Damn that's a lot of milk. Interviewer: What about a 533: That's your eyes but anyway. Interviewer: A dessert you could make in a deep dish say with apple slices or peach slices and had a thick crust? 533: You mean like a pie? Apple pie? Interviewer: Not exactly a pie. 533: Maybe not a pudding? Uh you talking about a you know like Interviewer: It kind of goes all the way through. 533: It's It's more or less fried and real sugary like a cobbler? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah a cobbler okay. Interviewer: This expression someone that has a good appetite you say he really likes to put away his? 533: Grub. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Ever hear vittles? 533: Yeah vittles uh Vittles is you know kind of like terms grazing fat back. Grub is just a anything that goes under {X} crosses table you know what I mean. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Right. {NW} Interviewer: What about a sweets uh liquor you might pour over a pudding? 533: Sauce. You know. Sweet sauce. Interviewer: Food that you eat between meals you call a? 533: Snack. Nibbling. Interviewer: Okay and at seven o clock in the morning you say you breakfast? 533: Ate. We don't say ate. Interviewer: {NW} You have? 533: I have eaten. Interviewer: And I will? 533: I'll eat again. By golly. Interviewer: Uh If you want your thirsty in the summer time you might just go in the kitchen and pour yourself a? 533: Glass of tea. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh 533: From the pitcher. Interviewer: Right and if you do like so with the glass it will probably? 533: Uh it'd break. Interviewer: Yeah okay. You did that and it 533: And it broke. Interviewer: You have? 533: Busted the sucker all over the floor right. {NW} Uh yeah you've broken it right uh-huh. Interviewer: And if you're very thirsty I might ask you how much would you? 533: Drink. Interviewer: Well yesterday I? 533: I drank a lot. Interviewer: {X} 533: Drinking all my life. Interviewer: Or you have? 533: Drank. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Uh I have drunk. Which I never did like yeah {NW} you know. Interviewer: Say if you had some friends over for a meal. Uh they're all standing around the table and you don't want them to continue standing so you go ahead? 533: Y'all have a seat. Interviewer: Or down. 533: Yeah sit down. Interviewer: So they went ahead. 533: And they sat down. Interviewer: They have? 533: They have sat there all day. The food ain't ready. {NW} Interviewer: And if uh You don't want to wait until something's passed to them 533: Y'all just reach and get it. Make yourself at home. You know. Interviewer: Or yourself? 533: You know I'll pass it to you. You know. What you mean? Interviewer: Go ahead yourself? 533: Go ahead and help yourself yeah. Right. Interviewer: So I went ahead and? 533: And they helped theirselves you know. They've been helping themselves all day. Right? Helped themselves. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If somebody passed you something that you didn't like what would you say? 533: No thank you or don't believe I do. Pass it on. Interviewer: What should we say if you were among close friends or you were at a formal? 533: If it's at a formal or something like that I would go ahead and eat it. Interviewer: Oh okay. 533: Yeah. You know. Interviewer: Right. 533: There are very few things that I just simply can't stand. Uh but but then there's also an equal number of very few that I totally despise. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Among which would be dumplings and boiled okra. Interviewer: Did you say despised? 533: Yeah totally totally just can live without if they never make any more. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Boiled okra have you ever eaten boiled okra? You know I have to cross my legs man I start {NW} Right down you know. Interviewer: What about {X}? 533: Uh it's alright I ain't crazy about it. You know. Suits me. Interviewer: Alright. Just talking about food in general. {X} What do you call food that's been uh heated and served a second time? 533: Warmed up. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Warm up the peas. Interviewer: Yeah what do you call the food that {X} 533: Yeah supper dinner I mean whatever the meal is you mean peas butter beans? Interviewer: Well like leftovers. 533: Oh yeah leftovers yeah you're right. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. And you say you put the food into your mouth that you can give to? 533: Chew it up. Interviewer: What about something like cornmeal or boiled water if you add a little salt kind of soupy stuff. Anything done like that? 533: No like dumplings? Course that would dough it wouldn't be meal. Interviewer: Yeah not exactly dumplings. more like mush or cush. 533: Nah. Mm-mm. Mm. Interviewer: {X} 533: That's goulash. Interviewer: Goulash. 533: Yeah but I mean I never eat that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh thinking like peas beets carrots stuff like that they are all different kinds of? 533: They're vegetables. Interviewer: Okay. And particularly with southern food white ground up corn typically? 533: Mm what do you mean? Uh Interviewer: Well it's just ground up corn. It's white you have it usually it's just 533: Oh like oats? Interviewer: {X} 533: I mean oatmeal oh Grits. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 533: #2 Yeah. # I was thinking quite ground up corn Interviewer: What about whole kernel? 533: {NW} Interviewer: You used to boil it and wash it. 533: Hominy. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah. Don't like it. Interviewer: Don't like {X}? 533: {NW} Tastes like chewing Styrofoam you know? Interviewer: {NW} Okay. And the starchy food that's growing in flooded fields in Louisiana? 533: Oh rice. Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Say sugar when it was sold straight out of a barrel before it sold packaged it. How would you say it was being sold? 533: Hmm that's Out of the sugar barrel. Mm-hmm. yeah. Interviewer: Would you ever say it's been sold in a B-U-L-K? 533: Bulk Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah. Bulk. My daddy would call it he said bulk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 533: Uh yeah mm-hmm. But I think of bulk to mean uh you know like giant containers. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 You know. # Which I guess uh {NS} you know that would be but I thinking of like a whole bin full you know. Interviewer: Okay. And uh condiments that everybody has shakers for. 533: Mm salt pepper. Interviewer: #1 Sure. Okay. # 533: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Say if I had a bowl of oranges and apples and uh offered it to you. You might say well I don't think I care for an orange but 533: Give me an apple. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um What would you say that the opposite of rich is? 533: Poor. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you call a lot of fruit trees growing together? 533: Orchard. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} What about the inside part of a cherry? The hardest part. 533: Uh the pit? Yeah. Kind of like an olive. Interviewer: What about a peach? 533: Oh that's a seed. Interviewer: Do you distinguish between peaches say the meat of the peach is tied against the seed. Do you have to get in there and cut it out? Whereas in some other peaches 533: Just snap it open. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Nah. Interviewer: You don't 533: {NW} Interviewer: say use the term clear seed? {X} 533: Nah. Interviewer: No to any of that? 533: Well around here peach is just a peach you know what I mean? It's a {NW} just a no uh-uh. They all come from somewhere else except for the few that's grown on the delta you know? So a peach is a peach. You can have little peaches you know the dwarf looking things but good peach and a bad peach but it's a peach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Do you wanna stop? #1 What about the part of the apple that's # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: left after you 533: It's a core. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do people around here ever slice up fruit like apples or peaches and let 'em sit out and dry? 533: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Interviewer: What did 533: It's just you know just dried apples. Well uh you can use 'em for a lot of different things uh some people you know make pies out of 'em you know and jellies and they squash 'em up. You know after they've dried a while. {NW} But um And some people uh not in large quantities but they just uh {NS} you know cut 'em up in a like that for perfuming reasons you know. You know you can put 'em in like a pantry or something like that you know. If you're gonna let 'em dry you know make the place smell good. Interviewer: Right. 533: Also draw flies and neighborhood kids. {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard of {X}? 533: Mm-mm. Interviewer: For dried fruit? 533: No. I thought you were talking about a disease like diarrhea. You know Interviewer: {NW} 533: It's got a little {X} Yeah. Interviewer: What about uh different kinds of nuts that grow around here. 533: Well A hicker nut is a nut that grows on a hickory tree. and you know us Southerners a hicker nut. We had to shorten it a little bit. People kept talking about a hickory nut. Uh yeah you have chestnuts uh also acorns. Course scaly bark uh really they call them scaly barks but it's a type of tree. It's a some breed of a the hickory and the bark is scaly. It's a scaly barked tree. And it has a nut on it just like a hickory nut but we call 'em scaly barks. Them suckers man they got a hard shell. You can take a sack of 'em and run over them with a car and they won't break and you just have to beat the devil out of them. But they're good you know. Just make scaly bark pies and all that stuff. Interviewer: What about nuts that grow on the ground? 533: Oh you mean peanuts? Oh goobers yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called ground peas around here? 533: No. Ground peas? Man. Peanuts and goobers. You know? Interviewer: Any walnuts? 533: Uh well yeah yeah if you want it's not your English type you have the still black hard walnuts you know black walnuts and uh they're pretty good. If you can get all of the pieces of the whole out of them. Which you usually can't but uh you know. That kind of stuff. Interviewer: What about these nuts the squirrels are bad about eating in front of the trees. 533: Acorns? Interviewer: That or uh uh kind of a O shaped oblong You know they make pies out of 'em. Eat 'em salty. 533: Oh you mean pecans? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah well squirrels and pecans around here it it mostly you know it- it's acorns you know. It's not- not really enough pecan trees. It just took me a while to figure out what you're talking about. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Uh hmm. And uh I was trying to think of another kind of nut. But anyway. Interviewer: Okay what do you call this kind of nut that I believe a candy bar is made out of? It's called a 533: Almond? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 533: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And the citrus fruit that that grows in Florida and California? 533: Orange. Why can't blacks say that? They say orange. Notice OJ Simpson doing this advertisement for {D: Real Sweet} They only use the word orange one time. because it's you know a black just can't say they say orange. But it orange. drive that orange car. Interviewer: Right. 533: You know and they can say other words perfectly but orange they cannot say orange. Interviewer: And the plural form you'd say? 533: Oranges. Yeah. Interviewer: What about uh okay a few types of vegetables this small red colored root vegetable. Kind of hot? 533: Radish? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah radish. Radish. Interviewer: What about the plural form of that? 533: No Radishes. Interviewer: Okay. These uh do you have any of these small variety of the uh tomatoes around here that don't get much bigger than about that? 533: {NW} Well around here you can grow just about anything like that you know but uh I don't it don't ring a bell other than Interviewer: Cherry tomatoes? 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Tomatoes. 533: Cherry tomatoes you know. Interviewer: {X} 533: Mm And cherry tomatoes yeah you know you can see 'em in a place in like Bonanza You know when you get a salad you know they got a bucket of them . Don't really like 'em you know. Interviewer: Okay. What about a couple of different types of potatoes? 533: Well there's sweet potatoes mashed potatoes you know. Interviewer: Every heard of sweet potatoes called anything? 533: Yeah spuds yams you know. Poot roots. Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: What? 533: Poot roots. Uh Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah I mean you know this this that old saying an apple a day keeps a doctor away but a potato a day keeps everybody away you know. Uh I don't know why it's supposed to I guess uh probably not medically but uh a lot of raw sweet potatoes are you know supposedly gaseous to some extent I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah first time I heard that was in Arkansas from a a variation of {X}. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: for the same reason. 533: Fart fruit. Uh you know the same thing. {NW} Uh Interviewer: Sure. 533: But anyway sweet potatoes you know the sweet potato capital of the world is only ten miles down the road from here. Vardaman Mississippi. Population five six hundred maybe. Interviewer: {X} 533: Mm-hmm. And uh they grow more there than anywhere else. You know of a course a guy can plant forty acres of sweet potatoes you know. Have a good crop get two hundred two hundred fifty bushels for the acre. Damn I mean you know. And they whole sale them for three dollars and half a bushel you know. Grocery stores get seven. And uh so the {X} But most of 'em got more than forty acres you know. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Couple hundred acres and a couple hundred acres of soy beans. Couple hundred head of cows and you know twelve kids. Can't beat that. Three percent government loans damn. {NW} Interviewer: {X} You got this thing that uh when you peel it and it makes your eyes water. 533: Oh that's an onion. Interviewer: Yeah. What about the small variety that has the long stalk to it? You see these in salad bars. 533: Oh you know that's just a green onion. You know. Interviewer: Okay. Say if you left an apple or plum in the hot sun it would dry up. 533: Yeah. Wither I guess uh. Interviewer: S-H an adjective beginning with those letters. 533: {NW} Interviewer: S-H-R-I-V E-L? 533: Oh shrivel up? Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What about leafy vegetables that come to head. 533: You know lettuce cabbage yeah things like that. I guess cauliflower. I don't know. Cauliflower's is foreign to me. Interviewer: Okay. 533: So is broccoli and a lot of other things but Interviewer: What about a few different types of beans? 533: Mm Butter beans peas course there's forty different varieties of both there's uh long stem limas and the climbing butter beans and the bunch butter beans and Uh peas you got purple hulls and purple hull crowders and six week peas and English peas which I hate. And uh Course then you get snap beans or string beans and a lot of people just call them green beans. Call 'em strap uh snap beans uh because you snap 'em. You know {NS} you know throw 'em in a pan. {NW} String beans because they usually look stringy you know when you cook 'em. But in- in fact are green too so you know they go by several names. Interviewer: So you have to do to butter beans to get 'em out of the pod? 533: Oh you shell 'em yeah. Shell peas also. And some people have the audacity to shell snap beans. {NW} Interviewer: {X} 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Um if you wanted me to go to the store and get some lettuce you would tell me to go get two? 533: Go get a couple of heads of lettuce. You know. Interviewer: Ever heard anybody around here say they had uh five boys five girls refer to the fact they have so many heads of children> 533: No. Not really no. We raise our kids like we raise our crops you know. Should be rearing 'em I guess. And usually rear is where they get the most attention but uh I don't know no. Never had five head of kids. Interviewer: Okay. 533: No. Interviewer: Uh talking about an ear of corn. What part did you take off the outside covering you call? 533: Um that's a shuck. Or a husk. Interviewer: Okay. What about the stuff that grows out the top? 533: Tassel. Tassel we used to when it dried and got real black we'd roll a little piece of white paper and smoke it you know. Interviewer: Fine stuff. 533: Ah well Kind of like smoking a grape vine you know it's just do it for the hell of it. I guess if we'd went {NW} like that we'd probably would have blowed our brains out you know what I mean uh you see these people okay you know uh I I dare anybody to take a Camel cigarette and do that. You know? I've never done it you know with anything I don't dope ain't my bag but uh {NW} I had a friend one time uh he was always talking about You know man do you have any You know he knew all this stuff. And so uh this other friend pinched the uh filter off a Salem and you know crushed it up and made it look like a you know a homemade roll or whatever and uh Sean {X} And David handed to him and said here man here's here's you some you know marijuana. {C: pronunciation} And he took about two drags off that Salem and {NW} like that and fell back into the closet. {NW} Flung back into the closet and we laughed you know and I thought aw come on man he's just faking but then I got to thinking you know you take a long hard drag of a Salem or something like that or cigarette when you're not used to it any way because this guy didn't smoke {NW} And it will make you kind of eh eh in the head for a second you know. Just kind of make you a little wiggly. Or you can do it with a pipe or a cigar or anything. And he took a couple of long hard drags and it sucked it out of his anus you know. Hit the wall man he just {NW} As Bob Dylan says could not find the door. {NW} Couldn't even see the floor but anyway Interviewer: That's funny. 533: Yeah corn tassels are good to smoke. Interviewer: What about the stuff you brush off the ears the stringy stuff? 533: {NW} I know what you're talking about yeah just you know. Interviewer: Ever call it the silk? 533: Yeah it's the corn silk. Corn hair you know. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call corn that's tender enough to eat right off the ear? 533: Hmm. You mean like a roasting ear? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Yeah okay. Roasting ear Interviewer: {NW} 533: Roasting ear. Interviewer: I have this thing uh cards thing that you make jack-o-lanterns out of 533: Oh that's a pumpkin. Which turns a nickname for a lot of people pumpkin. You know. Interviewer: What about a yellow crook neck vegetable? 533: A squash? Interviewer: Yeah okay. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh different kinds of melons? 533: Uh there's watermelon mush melon. Uh Well some people would debate whether or not a cantaloupe and a mush melon were the same thing. Other people would say a mush melon is actually the uh What is the sweeter variety what do they call that? The uh Not a cantaloupe but a Aw hell Interviewer: Kind of like a honeydew? 533: yeah honeydew melon. Yeah right. But anyway to me they all smell like {NW} yeah you know I just don't like 'em. My mother used to bring 'em home from a grocery store in the car and I used to say mom please stop let me walk. God I can't stand it. I don't why I just you know just the smell of a cantaloupe just irks my essence you know {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 533: That's about it you know watermelon mush melon. Interviewer: {NS} What about these things that grow in peoples' yards that look like umbrellas on 'em? {NS} {X} 533: You know mushrooms? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah mm-hmm. I always heard those things were poison. Yeah and a few years year or two ago I heard about some guys {NW} making uh mushroom wine or something. You know out of these things I don't know this this was the same guys that'll try angel dust and you know all of this stuff you know. Uh but mushroom wine I don't know. I always Interviewer: Guy was psychedelic. 533: Yeah that's what I there used to be something that grew in the yard Uh it was just a little- like a little puff on the ground. It looked like a mushroom with no legs or something. You know and they called it devil's snuff. And you stomped it you know {NW} blow junk all over the place. But uh you know they always said that's poison you know. Interviewer: You ever heard a mushroom called anything else? 533: Hmm not right away I don't think. Yeah or a toad stool mm-hmm. Sure. Well I don't really know. Like I said uh you see 'em in some areas around here. I figured a toad stool's a little bit bigger. You know stronger so a toad can stool on it or whatever Interviewer: {NW} 533: I don't know but yeah you know it was a toad stool. Interviewer: Alright. 533: Toad frog. Interviewer: This expression somebody offers to do you a favor you might say? Well thanks but I just don't want to be? 533: Obligated. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Or obliged. Interviewer: Uh Say if a small boy is trying to dare trying to do do something. 533: Mm-hmm? Interviewer: Walk through a graveyard at night uh he might say something like well I'll dare you to do that but I bet you? 533: bet you're chicken? Is that what you mean? I bet you'll chicken out? Interviewer: Is there any do you ever do you ever find yourself {X} I'll dare you to do that but I bet you turn a dare into a negative. 533: In other words I'll bet you can't? Interviewer: Well like dare? 533: Bet you won't? Interviewer: Dare don't dare do that 533: Yeah yeah yeah No don't you dare do it. You know. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Uh None of this {X} stuff Interviewer: Right okay. Say if a m- uh someone's mother is really getting on her kid 533: Yeah. Interviewer: or something she might say something like well now you're not doing what you're? 533: What you ought to do. Interviewer: Okay. Or the boy got a whipping you might say he did something he? 533: he hadn't oughta done. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Or shouldn't oughta done. Interviewer: And in refusing to do something in a strong way you might say {X} 533: I just ain't gonna do it. Interviewer: Okay. Alright uh few birds and animals. What about this bird that can see in the dark? 533: What the bat? Interviewer: Well bird really um I don't I don't think bat's a bird. 533: A bat can't see anyway can they they fly in the dark hell they're blind. A bird that can see in the dark. Probably a hoot owl I guess yeah. Interviewer: Are there different types around here? 533: Well you know different colorings. But I mean an owl a hoot owl uh there's a hoot owl and a screech owl. Interviewer: Right. 533: And a hoot owl {NW} but a screech owl's got a {NW} to him I don't know sound like a you know sort of a panther like almost Used to have a lot of fun when we'd quote camp out Actually what we'd do is get a quilt and go out in the back of the woods you know and sleep you know it's just no air conditioning nothing was no big deal. And uh you hear a screech owl we often in distance {NW} you know. I don't know why. Interviewer: What about a bird that drills holes? In trees? 533: That's a pecker wood. Or a woodpecker. Interviewer: {X} 533: Um yeah. Red headed {C: voice distortion} well if he's a red-headed pecker wood Interviewer: Right. 533: You know. But if it's just an old black woodpecker I don't know why. Interviewer: What about a Interviewer: {NW} 533: uh you know turtle girdle you know {NS} Interviewer: {NS} alrighty yeah an animal with a white stripe would be like smell pretty bad 533: that's a skunk Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah polecat polecat and a skunk's the same thing it's a skunk I guess if you see it a polecat if you smell it you know Interviewer: {NS} 533: damn I smell a polecat I doubt if a lot of people know what you meant when you s- if you said a polecat now though but it used to you know we'd go through a holler uh you know riding somewhere in a car and somebody would have probably an hour before a s- run over a polecat you know or a skunk and my daddy roll the window up damn smell that polecat you know uh Interviewer: a polecat 533: yeah that wouldn't be too good, dead polecat, in the middle of the road stinking to high heaven Interviewer: {NW} 533: Loudon Wainwright Interviewer: you ever hear that they'd call them a uh wood kitty 533: nah Interviewer: anything round here called a civet cat 533: a civic cat Interviewer: civet cat 533: oh no uh-uh Interviewer: {X} 533: no Interviewer: uh animals that would be bad about uh raiding the farmer's hen roost killing his chickens what would that 533: fox bobcat one or the other Interviewer: what about a general time like that say somebody get me a shotgun so I can take care of those 533: moochers Interviewer: mm-hmm 533: no Interviewer: okay do varmints do that 533: yeah varmints Interviewer: do people say that 533: yeah maybe you know in some instances yeah I I could be a varmint you know what I mean Interviewer: yeah 533: you know 533: some people varmint when they get sick {C: both starting to laugh} Interviewer: {NW} 533: #1 you get sick enough to varmint you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} right okay where were we uh what about different types of squirrels out here 533: well there's a gray squirrel and a fox squirrel and a flying squirrel and uh well that's about it you know Interviewer: is the red squirrel there different 533: well #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: the fox squirrel is the red squirrel I mean um in some instances they're you know a little bit bigger they're they're they seem to have bigger bone structure but as far as being Interviewer: #1 yeah # 533: #2 {NW} # more delicious or anything like that they're not you know it's just different variety and the flying squirrels are cute but I hadn't seen any since I was twel- well I'm about two or three times in my life is the only times I've ever seen flying squirrels not a bunch of 'em I don't know you know it's kind of a bastard bunch or something I mean I don't know what the deal is Interviewer: right have you ever heard of a squirrel called a boomer 533: nah a boomer is when you kick the football you know for sixty yards or something like that you know Interviewer: {NW} uh do you have the uh 533: yeah Interviewer: You have a thing around here kind of like a squirrel that is small and stays on the ground most the time has a big bushy tail 533: you mean like a chipmunk Interviewer: sure 533: no not really there aren't many chipmunks Interviewer: what are some of the common freshwater fish that'd you go fishing for 533: catfish, bass brim perch most people don't go k- fishing for perch they just usually wind up catching 'em you know there's nothing else biting {C: interviewer laughing} uh that's about it around here you know there's not many trout you gotta get into get Arkansas to get into the trout really the white river over there uh so it's catfish and then there's a channel of cat which is different from a regular cat sort of like the red fo- the red squirrel and you know and the gray squirrel Interviewer: what about these things people are talking about eating them half shell 533: oysters oysters {C: pronunciation like oys-chers} people who say crystal {C: pronunciation like crys-chul} chandelier would also say oysters {C: oys-chers} you know but it's oysters Interviewer: and these little fantails out here also come from the ocean 533: What do you mean shrimp? Interviewer: sure 533: yeah Interviewer: you would say one shrimp to 533: shrimp Interviewer: these animals that you hear around water make a croaking sound 533: frogs bullfrogs Interviewer: around water 533: yeah Interviewer: okay 533: mm Interviewer: what about those on dry land 533: nah it's just a frog there's a rain frog and a tree frog and a frog you know Interviewer: what's a rain frog or a tree frog 533: well a rain frog and a tree frog is probably about the same thing but I don't why sometimes after a a heavy rain you know there'd be a little bitty frog up against a tree you know {NW} {NW} {NW} you know Interviewer: you ever say toad toad frog 533: yeah toad frog uh there's a difference I know in a toad and a frog but toad frog that's what we used to call them as a kid you know Interviewer: uh talking about people going fishing if they were going to use live bait what would they use 533: worms or minnows {C: pronunciation like minners} minnows minnows {C: pronunciation like minners} you know like minnow cheese sandwich {C: pronunciation minnow as minner} yeah Interviewer: do people ever say around here ever say earthworm or 533: yeah earth worm mm-hmm but it's mostly just worm people are saying earth worm now since they came out with a special not too long ago about earthworm cookies and all of that stuff you know but there's earthworms and there's grub worms people use grubs you know sometimes #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: grubs are awful squishy you get 'em on the hook and this yellow stuff starts running out of them you know an earthworm just wiggles or wriggles Interviewer: right 533: all the way through Interviewer: you ever heard of a nightcrawler 533: a nightcrawler is a certain kinda earthworm I mean there's red worms and earth worms and Interviewer: yeah 533: but uh nightcrawler is supposed to be about the best for catching catfish with him other than catfish Charlie #1 that stuff stinks man # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: mm Interviewer: they kill me I was trying to fish for catfish with that stuff and I couldn't can't keep the stuff on the hook I try to mix flour with it 533: #1 Well I guess I could pack it on # Interviewer: #2 keep it in the refrigerator # and everything well I had sack of flour with that stuff and it was still flying off the hook 533: did you have a hook with a spring on it you know that you st- Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah Interviewer: all that it felt like nothing was working there was a black dude down out a little ways and he he was using that stuff straight out of the cup I mean you know doesn't mind if I had catfish 533: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # he just grabbed a a handful of that stuff slapped it on the hook pew it stayed on 533: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 what in the world # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: maybe the constituency of your hand #1 oil didn't do it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: uh they use chicken liver around here too you know Interviewer: yeah 533: mm-hmm #1 fishing # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: mm-hmm #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 what about the # 533: I have fished with bacon Interviewer: bacon 533: you know a piece of fatback yeah when I was a kid we used to take you know fatback and uh you know used to especially if your worms were a little bit dry you'd s- chew you know we'd chew tobacco all our lives you know just a little and uh spit a little bit of that cannonball on it {NW} make 'em sweet you know and drop 'em in the water Interviewer: yeah 533: catch a fish every time Interviewer: {NW} what about this uh a kind of turtle that stays on land 533: mm just a turtle you mean like a terrapin Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah ah well terrapin would be the that kind you know and then there's a mud turtle that stays in the water you know and there's just a plain ol' damn ol' turtle I mean you know just a turtle Interviewer: have you ever heard of a turtle around here that really stunk stinking shell 533: no Interviewer: {X} 533: I know snapping turtles you know Interviewer: you ever hear people call a land turtle a cooter or a gopher 533: nah a gopher is a gopher Interviewer: gopher is a gopher 533: yeah Interviewer: {X} 533: yeah mm-hmm mm-hmm gophers a kind of match you use you know you get a gopher a pack of gophers from the bank you know they used to give away matches we call them gophers Interviewer: why 533: yeah well cuz in when you try to strike one you might as well go for #1 another one you know it's # Interviewer: #2 another one # {NW} 533: but I'm always you know hey man you got a pack of gophers on you you know I {NW} Interviewer: I heard a Twinkie called a gopher gopher this gopher that 533: oh yeah mm-hmm right Interviewer: what about out there in the woods that's got claws, looks a little like a lobster and stays in freshwater streams and swims way back some people use them in the bay some people eat 'em special 533: a crawfish oh yeah Interviewer: something like that 533: crayfish {X} crawfish {D: I have crawfish though} some people call them crawdads no Interviewer: alright a few insects these insects that you see a night that like to fly in circles around light any idea what they are 533: well there's a lot of them like that you know like candle flies Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah candle flies uh mostly course then you have um you know fireflies we used to call them lightning bugs Interviewer: right 533: {NW} #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: we'd Interviewer: one 533: #1 catch # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: 'em and put 'em in a coke bottle you know put a whole bunch of them in a coke bottle and put a stick in the top of it a stopper put 'em in the closet you know watch the closet light up {NW} you know Interviewer: a light show 533: yeah right Interviewer: okay now what about one that eats holes in your clothes 533: nah that's a moth mm-hmm Interviewer: in the plural form you'd say 533: moths you know it's like you know the story some- I can't even remember it now something about some old lady and you know the snake skin and a mothballs you know and they say I know you lying now a moth ain't got no balls but anyway I can't remember but it's something like that you know {C: interviewer laughing} Interviewer: at least you got the punchline there 533: yeah {NW} Interviewer: what about insects that got a long thing body that have length 533: snake doctor Interviewer: sure 533: yeah I don't know what they are devil's horse snake doctor #1 what are # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 what are they # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # well dragonflies 533: yeah dragonflies yeah okay Interviewer: you ever hear people around here call them mosquito hawks 533: nah they eat mosquitos or something Interviewer: Some people claim they do 533: they look like a an old-timey unmodified helicopter you know Interviewer: {NW} 533: 'em gyro bugs you know Interviewer: what about insects that sting 533: eh a wasp, yellow jacket, bumble bee honey bee sweat bee sand fly, nit fly shit fly Interviewer: what about the ones that have a vicious sting and build paper nests 533: no that's a wasp red wasp Interviewer: well these these things build I mean sure enough big paper nests in trees 533: like a yellow jacket Interviewer: alright but they'll follow you you know they'll got after ya 533: oh yeah a yellow jacket they're just like a moccasin boy them sumbitches tough Interviewer: {NW} 533: that what you talking about oh you talking about a #1 hornet # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: oh a hornet mm well hornets not so bad right a- the only thing is they g- you know they go in droves you know a yellow jacket is just you know he's a real braggart you know he'll jump out there and get you and go back to the house but uh well well yeah but hornets you know they'll they'll come and get you usually the problem is that somebody'll knock the hornets nest down you know and it's the whole shit pot full of 'em that'll get you know what I mean and they can kill you you know that can really mess you up Interviewer: what about these insects that are a bad about burrowing under your skin make the skin itch 533: the red bugs chiggers yeah mm-hmm far as I know red bug and a chigger you know when you was little you know you'd s- that's the daily routine uh you go in the house and pull your clothes off and mama or daddy one of 'em you know scratches the red bugs out of your crotch you know Interviewer: {NW} 533: I mean you know it sounds silly but it was true because you know if you left them in there you'd you know you get raw and you scratch them and they bleed and the next thing you know you'd have impetigo and um everybody think you had smallpox and nobody'd come see you right Interviewer: {NW} what about different kinds of snakes around here 533: you got just about every kind in the world around here uh you got some real funny snakes you know you got chicken snakes and rat snakes and king snakes and garden snakes and garter snakes and you know none of which are poisonous they're all s- you know scare the shit out of you uh friend of mine got bit one time he was at home by himself which lot of us were back then uh you know parents worked then now uh he got bit by a snake and he immediately ran out toward the road and we lived on a road where you know if somebody was out there they were either going home or going to town I mean you know it wasn't just high traffic you know going down through there so he run out to the road and this old man that drives about twenty happened to be going down the road and he hollered and got him to stop and he took him to the hospital doctor said what kind of snake was it and he said "man I don't know it must have been a chicken snake cause when he bit me I ran" you know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 uh # but th- some of the most poisonous snakes in the world are right around here too the moccasin the water moccasin or a cotton mouth moccasin whatever you want to call 'em uh they are something else man you can smell 'em if you're sharp I mean you know if you get in an area where there's a lot of 'em and a couple of times in my lifetime I've known guys uh you know they go out in the country and they find an old pool and they build a s- you know jump board a b- a s- diving board and you know they get up there playing and they dive off in it and they land in a bed of moccasins and uh mm-hmm yeah and this one guy over close to Okolona must have been about twelve fourteen years ag- longer than that I guess yeah about fourteen years ago and he dived off out in an old pool and and jumped in a bed of moccasins I mean they just weave together you know it's just like just like earth worms you know and they just groove around in the water and uh and they just you know attacked him and just bit him all to pieces I mean just every part of his body was snake bit and you know almost immediate death uh because one of 'em bites you and if he really gets a good hook into you got about thirty minutes you know if you don't panic and of course we got rattlesnakes and we have rattlesnake pilots uh a rattlesnake pilot is kind of like a uh well it's a rattle snake but it doesn't have rattlers there is another name for 'em what is the other name for them um I can't think hmm I mean uh the scientific name yeah we call 'em rattlesnake pilots why I don't know they don't fly around or nothing and uh course there's black racers uh and a black racer is what it is just a black snake and uh and he's scared of you snakes are basically scared of y- you know anything and anybody and uh {NW} the black racer though if y- you know a lot of people see a snake and they'll take off running well that snake just happens to have n- just barely enough sense to f- chase you and he'll get right behind you boy just a getting it you know I guess he's thinks you're running away from whatever it is he's running away from you know and he comes with you and um but a chicken snake they'll eat an egg they'll eat a rat you know and uh king snakes uh eat other snakes you know and um lot of 'em are colored the same there is a spreading adder a spreading adder which we call a spreading adder and they're poisonous to an extent uh I came upon one in a ditch one time on my bicycle and uh I saw him and I stopped and when I did his head just flattened out it's you know kinda like a cobra in a way his head will just flatten out and you can hear {NW} {NW} like that and he'll jump up there and get you I mean you know um snakes let's see what other kinds of snakes I mean that's that's about it there's some coral snakes around but they're mostly in south Mississippi and I'd hate to come up on one you know uh there are some yeah what is it red on black black on yellow he's a nasty fellow I don't know if it's a snake stomp that son of a bitch that's what I you know I don't care right Interviewer: what about these insects that are some are green some are black they hop around in your yard 533: grasshoppers yeah katydids Interviewer: you ever heard any other name for a grasshopper 533: mm probably uh {D: gonna} come right off the top of my head Interviewer: what if I turned around and said bug grass 533: no well I've heard it but I mean you know it's just don't use it Interviewer: these things that um not insects or anything this stuff that gathers in the corners 533: spider web Interviewer: yeah is that like the same thing you see outside or between two bushes 533: yeah it's about the same they call 'em cobwebs when they're up you know in the house or something like that you know cobwebs Interviewer: is that the same 533: yes well it's done by the same type of folks you know spider Interviewer: what about the part of the tree that grows close to the ground 533: roots Interviewer: you ever heard of any medicinal uses of that stuff 533: oh man yeah lots of it uh well I think I told you about my grandmother that buried some kind of roots and got rid of warts you know then there's a sassafras root sassafras tree I don't know if you're familiar with that but you can make tea out of it sassafras tea which is pretty good you ever chew the tea berry gum you know the tea berry shuffle alright that's made out it's got a sassafras taste and um um you know they used to say you could rub that on drink it you know it's kinda like uh I don't know it's some type of medicinal use mostly I think it was uh {NW} {D: alamanic} in meaning that it had uh w- a drawing effect you know kinda like persimmons you know looks to me like you could bite a green persimmon rub it on a leg where a snake bit it and it'd suck all the poison out you know {NW} #1 but I guess it wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 yeah yeah but you know it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: should Interviewer: {NW} 533: worth a try it's makes as much sense as bleeding George Washington get all that bad blood out of him kill that sucker you know Interviewer: what about the kind of tree that you keep to preserve 533: a maple tree you know no that's what Maine you know Vermont #1 New Hampshire # Interviewer: #2 what would you # call a number of those trees growing together 533: be a grove yeah or a thicket {D: it's according to} uh there's a pine thicket you know if you got a bunch of little bitty trees and they're real thick you know it'd be called a pine thicket but if it's big trees it would be a grove you know a grove of elm trees and you know uh Interviewer: what kind of trees they got growing around here 533: well you have oak you got all the varieties of oak white oak post oak water oak pin oak you know red oak black oak {NW} um you also got hickory and uh scaly bark you know pine loblolly pine long leaf pine short leaf pine white pine uh you know a few cedars uh a catalpa or two the one that grows horse apples that's a catalpa tree isn't it yeah um you know walnut trees you know locust trees they got big stickers on 'em and of course mulberry uh you know plum eh just lot of those but you don't have you have a few silver leaf maples and a few elm trees uh Interviewer: what about the state tree of Mississippi 533: hmm Interviewer: state tree of Mississippi 533: oh the state tree I thought you was talking about you know stay free I uh didn't know they grew on trees uh state tree's a magnolia you know and you have a few of those they're beautiful man it's really nice course you have mimosas and sloppy mimosas and weeping willows and uh you know the willows that grow down by the creek and that kinda stuff you know and uh Interviewer: did you have any sycamores 533: not not many no we got a few now and then but I don't know why Interviewer: can you say that for me 533: what sycamore? yeah in the sycamore tree {C: singing} Interviewer: what kind of bush grows out here crawls on the walls maybe 533: well there's a laurel tree you know and uh there's a Laurel Mississippi and I don't know if that's where it got it's name I doubt that Tupelo got it's name from the tupelo tree you know but uh there is a certain that kind of tree but I'm not familiar with it you know I wouldn't know if I walked upon it hey that's a laurel laurel is what I'm sitting on right now know you know uh that's all I know you know {NW} Interviewer: you heard of rhododendron 533: I've heard the name but it's mostly in flower shops that I've heard it you know little sprigs you know Interviewer: what about uh what about the type of tree that is in Washington you know 533: uh that's a cherry tree yeah Interviewer: you ever heard of a bush around here called the sumac or shumac? 533: I've heard of it yeah but uh sumac yeah no hmm I figure some kind of funky flower that grows in the yard like a crab apple bush or something like that you know Interviewer: what about the stuff you can get into to make your skin break up 533: poison oak poison ivy we always called it poison oak you know and then somebody invented the word poison ivy same thing grows like ivy and it looks like oak and it will make you itch like a booger boy ain't nothing that'll help except calamine lotion tell you a little story about a cousin of mine you know me I'm Tell you all kind of stories but this is true the same one who hit me in the face with a cow pile uh when we was having uh yeah when we was having a war {D: out there} in around the corn cobs you know he hit me in the face with a dried cow pile it sailed you know {NW} and hit me right in the face god I gagged you know but anyway uh you know like I said we didn't have everybody didn't have bathrooms and we were out in the woods one day playing and it was nothing to crawl up in the yoke of a tree and drop your pants you know and splatter the ground and uh so we were out somewhere you know and his time came and uh and so uh he just grabbed a handful of leaves to wipe himself clean with you know which wasn't uncommon either and as luck would have it and I think maybe he was about five or six and he got a handful of poison oak and oh that kid had the itch his poor little ass oh man it was awful I mean it was bad he couldn't wear any clothes you know he just had to lay in the house with his rear in the air you know jeez it was weird {D: but yeah} Interviewer: what about different kinds of berries grown around here 533: we have strawberries blackberries bull- uh p- mulberries blueberries and uh you know course strawberries you know possum grapes new grapes you know wild grapes possum grapes are good you got muscadines a lot of people call 'em scuppernongs I guess there may be a difference in a scuppernong and a muscadine I think something about {NW} uh the time of year that they mature you know but um muscadine wine is some kind of fine it's muscadine but we call it muscadine {C: pronunciation like musky dime} you know kinda like a {D: enkidime} I guess Interviewer: huh okay what about a raspberry 533: I don't think I've ever seen a raspberry bush a mulberry is uh is a lot like a raspberry {NS} and of course dewberries which are a lot like new grapes that they just grow on the ground possum grapes are real good if you ever get a chance to eat some possum grapes used to have a possum grape vine in the front yard in an old tree they're kinda tangy but they're little bitty you know now there's some roy- uh boysenberries and there are also some poison berries uh growing some that look like a poke salad vine but they're poison and uh that's what I always thought people was talking about poison berries you know instead of boysenberries {NW} {D: yeah} Interviewer: getting into something a little different uh say if you went somewhere with your wife someone asked her who you were she would say that's 533: that's my husband hmm Interviewer: okay any other names you have for 'em joking or otherwise you have for that a husband that's 533: well that's my old man you know that's my old lady that's my old man that's my husband that's my man that's my lady you know Interviewer: what about a woman who's husband has died what do you call her 533: well she's a widow yeah Interviewer: any term you've heard for a woman whose husband hasn't died but he's just gone he just left 533: hmm {D: well} yeah a lot of names for it cause I figure I got a reas- uh he had he got a reason for leaving you know but uh not in particular I mean just common stuff you know Interviewer: what about grass widow 533: nah no unless thats why he left you know too much grass {NW} Interviewer: so the man whose raised you that's your 533: that's my daddy and uh older people call him papa but it's daddy we don't use the word father this is my father somebody does that I think eh you know been to college huh Interviewer: what about mother 533: yeah that's mother mama #1 and a little bitty guy say # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: yeah hardly ever use the word father I don't think I've ever called my daddy father uh and I wouldn't I just I don't like the connotation that goes with father you know Interviewer: that a reading process 533: well I don't know father you know I I'd just as soon call him sire you know if I was gonna call him father {D: you know} I wouldn't call my mother damn but I might say damn mother you know if she did something but Interviewer: uh-huh 533: but uh mother uh yeah we use that some but mama Interviewer: say a name that a child is known by just within the family you would say he has a 533: he's got a nickname yeah which is ridiculous #1 I mean # Interviewer: #2 you mean the # concept or 533: well you know like uh these people in the in the church here you know they had had a kid not long ago and I don't know what the name was but it was named like and he was just born and he already had a nickname you know it was like James Robert Johnson Junior in parentheses tubby or chubby or funky or monkey or something like that you know I thought shit why don't you name him that you know what I mean uh I hate these people that uh that name their kids you know uh John Bartholomew you know Stevenson and they call him you know Franky all his life that's w- stupid man you know that they would give me a complex of course my name is Ricky Joe you know and I use Rick just for simple you know to be on the air with you know and people call me Rick but uh uh it bugs me to go somewhere and people say no I mean what's your real name and I say Rick Ricky Ricky no I said no I mean you know Richard uh you know say hell no it ain't Richard if it was Richard you'd call me Richard you know um I mean whatever I name him that's what I'm gon' call him you know if it's uh you know stud blood that's gonna be his name you know {NS} because I mean you know when a kid goes to college or even when he first starts to school you know that's what they are gonna call him and uh you know Charles Michael and all their life they call him Mikey and when he goes to college or he goes and gets in the armed services it's gonna be Charles M you know so he might as well get used to it from the start name him Michael Charles if your gonna call him mike David Charles you know Interviewer: what about the thing you can put a baby in and lie down it has wheels 533: bassinet #1 a carriage # Interviewer: #2 um yeah # 533: stroller Interviewer: uh-huh 533: yeah Interviewer: what would you say you gotta do with the baby in the stroller and go out 533: mm-hmm stroll around take a walk you know push him around really is what I'd be doing {NS} Interviewer: talking about if you had to use the 533: {NS} Interviewer: word the term growing up here it's like Matt has three children uh ones twenty ones fifteen ones ten 533: mm-hmm Interviewer: talking about in terms of being grown up you'd say one who's twenty is the 533: uh oldest Interviewer: or if you had to use grown up in there 533: hmm well the one he's the grown up one yeah yeah yeah he's got grown younguns you know right Interviewer: fine okay talking about a woman who is pregnant have you ever heard of any other term for that she is 533: uh she's expecting you know P-G uh got knocked up swallowed a watermelon you know Interviewer: those would be joking 533: yeah you know it's I'd say eh did you see Gladys Fae she swallowed a watermelon {D: you know and it was ripe} but yeah pregnant expecting uh you know this kind of thing Interviewer: what about a woman that might be called ill or delirious woman with a doctor 533: uh a midwife mm-hmm Interviewer: you say if a boy same eyes or same hair color as his father would you say their nose are a bout the same 533: he took after his daddy the man marked him up real good you know mm-hmm Interviewer: would you say anything 533: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: if the boy inherited his father's bad ethics 533: well he got that from his daddy you know and just took it natural mm-hmm got it honest that's another one {NS} Interviewer: say uh this this adjective you might say Jane is a loving child but Peggy is even a lot 533: a lot sweeter you know a lot sweeter a lot nicer #1 a lot more # Interviewer: #2 how would you # 533: loving Interviewer: sure 533: yeah Interviewer: alright now if a child lost both of his parents you'd say he what 533: hmm lonesome #1 probably huh # Interviewer: #2 well # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # a noun for it he's a 533: he's an orphan I guess yeah Interviewer: what about the adult appointed to look after him 533: eh guardian foster parent #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # alright a few proper names one for a girl beginning with an M Washington one would think 533: uh Martha Interviewer: what about a woman's name that begins with an N uh in the song goes way to the sunshine hear it every time you 533: uh Nelamie {C: interviewer laughing} Interviewer: {NW} it's short for Helen uh 533: I don't know Interviewer: alright 533: #1 nah # Interviewer: #2 N-E # double L Y 533: Nelly Interviewer: okay 533: uh Interviewer: just wanted 533: #1 thought that was short for # Interviewer: #2 pronunciation there # 533: Nelda you know Interviewer: maybe what about a male goat you call that uh 533: that's a ram Interviewer: alright what kind of goat 533: billy goat #1 here yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: billy goat and a nanny goat Interviewer: alright and a man's name begins with an M that Matt would be short for 533: Matthew Interviewer: mm-hmm whats the name 533: {NW} Interviewer: what the name begins with S wife of Abraham in the bible 533: Sarah Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah Interviewer: yeah what would you call a woman who teaches school she's a 533: now she's a teacher not a schoolmarm yeah Interviewer: what is what do you when somebody says schoolmarm do you think of anything in particular 533: well I think of an old old time you know when one woman taught a bunch of kids you know Interviewer: yeah old country 533: yeah one school one room school I mean Interviewer: yeah what about uh American author wrote the in mid eighteen hundreds his name is James Fenimore 533: Cooper Interviewer: yep how would you address a married woman who had that last name 533: mrs Cooper or Cooper depending you know I guess uh Interviewer: how do you tell? 533: well you know how they different people for different #1 {D: things you know} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: some people around here you know their kin folks one's a Peaton the other's a Peyton you know you just have to know Interviewer: yeah okay so yeah a preacher who's not really trained to be a preacher uh does something for a living really and is really not very good at it you ever heard any names for him 533: hmm yeah but probably not what you're looking for Interviewer: you ever heard of jackleg 533: {D: yeah} jack- jackleg preacher I've heard of that yeah I didn't know what they were talking about I just figured it was a guy who you know got his leg blowed off #1 or something you know # Interviewer: #2 okay # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: jackleg preacher 533: the reverend mr black that type of thing right Interviewer: right say if my father had a brother named William he would be my 533: your uncle Bill probably yeah Interviewer: or if using his full name it would be 533: uncle William Interviewer: what about one named John 533: my uncle John uncle John's outhouse {D: yeah right} Interviewer: {NW} 533: that old saying you know Interviewer: uh Robert E Lee's rank in the army he was a 533: he was a general wasn't he Interviewer: okay and the guy that pushes Kentucky fried chicken he is the 533: colonel Sanders Interviewer: and the man who's in charge of the ship he is the 533: admiral I guess or captain Interviewer: and someone that goes to school to study he is the 533: student Interviewer: right and a woman who does photography and filing and that sort of thing 533: mm secretary pornographer no I mean stenographer you know {C: interviewer laughing} Interviewer: okay uh a woman that appears on the stage you call her a 533: actress {NS} Interviewer: say if it's uh you are at a party and you look at your watch and it's eleven thirty or so you might say well uh we better be getting home it's 533: it's getting late getting close to midnight about midnight Interviewer: lets see 533: if I was joking I'd say pertineer you know Interviewer: say if it's winter and the side walks are iced over you might say something like well um I managed to to keep my balance but two or three times I 533: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 fell down # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: almost slipped down like to slip down Interviewer: if we're going somewhere {NS} uh I call up you aren't you ready yet 533: mm-hmm Interviewer: you might say well I'll be with you 533: I'll be with ya in just a minute yeah Interviewer: and talking about the number of times somebody does something might go to town might ask well how you do 533: how often you go Interviewer: right 533: how many times a day you make the trip mm-hmm Interviewer: now some parts of the body what do you call up here 533: that's a forehead some people call it the forehead and they get it mixed up and call it the forward Interviewer: {NW} 533: that bugs me you know right there on my forward Interviewer: the forward 533: you know the only thing I'd poke s- forward other than my finger you know you don't need to be seeing anyway so you know it's a forehead yeah Interviewer: okay and if I let this grow out 533: yeah beard yeah Interviewer: this is my 533: that's your ear Interviewer: which one 533: uh that's your right ear yeah left ear some people say year of corn Y-E-A-R #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 533: been washing your years? you know Interviewer: and uh I got a mouthful 533: yeah teeth Interviewer: but one 533: tooth Interviewer: okay the pink part 533: that's gums Interviewer: alright this is um 533: fist Interviewer: make two 533: yeah fists Interviewer: what about this part of the hand 533: palm Interviewer: when people get old they complain they get sore in their 533: elbow mm Interviewer: any place where two bones meet 533: oh joints yeah Interviewer: okay now that part of a man's body 533: chest Interviewer: and if it's broad 533: yeah shoulders uh Interviewer: okay that's my right 533: foot Interviewer: okay what about this part right here 533: that's your shins back of that's a calf I guess right Interviewer: what about this part 533: uh what your thigh? Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah Interviewer: say if a kid was gonna scare me like by getting behind the couch 533: mm-hmm Interviewer: jump up and scare me say he'd do what to conceal himself 533: hide Interviewer: or 533: you know slump down Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah scoot down yeah squat down I guess maybe it's according to how it was Interviewer: you ever heard anybody say hunker down 533: oh yeah uh-huh hunker down though is is kinda like if you was getting down on the ground you know just hunkering down you know not really putting your feet down you just squat down and you're you know like whittling talking chewing tobacco you know with the old man you know you #1 hunker down # Interviewer: #2 oh # 533: you know Interviewer: kinda like a catcher 533: yeah yeah a catcher hunkers down you know he keeps actually he's still on both feet but he just got his tail hanging down to about his ankles you know what I mean Interviewer: right 533: yeah that's a hunker Interviewer: you ever hear somebody in these parts called the hunkers 533: no that's your laurels ain't it you know we was talking about laurels a while ago right {C: interviewer laughing} Interviewer: {X} hold onto 533: yeah haunches I've heard that you know back on his haunches Interviewer: okay 533: yeah Interviewer: now if this expression if somebody gets sick you might say well um so its the gout but he still looks a little bit 533: mm looks a little bit pale feeling poor puny you know looks a little bit puny Interviewer: okay now if a man was able to lift heavy weights you would say he 533: stout strong {NS} Interviewer: what about a man that always goes around he's got a smile on his face and all and nice to say about people you say he might 533: {NS} friendly cordial yeah good-natured {NS} light-hearted {NW} Interviewer: a boy 533: {NW} Interviewer: when he reaches a certain age sometimes he moves around he does things tripping over his own feet 533: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you'd say he's # mighty 533: clumsy Interviewer: what about a 533: lanky sometimes you know has to do with Interviewer: right what about a person who doesn't seem to do things that make any sense you say he's just a plane 533: idiot dummy dumbbell Interviewer: {NS} what about fool just plain fool 533: nah fool has to do more with your decisions I think you know you know if you decide to go down this road doing a hundred fifty mile an hour knowing that you know there's tractors mowing the side out there then you're a fool #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 is that a # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # were you ever taught that that was a 533: #1 you do not say fool # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: you do not say fool the bible says you'll go to hell for saying fool if you call your brother a fool not necessarily meaning your blood brother but you know yeah what did I think that means you know you putting yourself in the seat of judgment saying hey you know I'm big chief and uh you a fool you know I think that's what's basically it I don't my kids say that and I thump their head and I can put the thump on 'em Interviewer: {NW} that size twelve ring {D} 533: mm I just do it with my finger kinda rattle their brain a little bit wife don't like that but it works Interviewer: what about a man that has a light 533: {NS} Interviewer: likes to hang on to it you say he's a 533: miser tightwad stingy Interviewer: say if I said this uh talking about somebody oh so and so's just as common as he could be what would you take that to mean 533: well just a regular fella I mean you know he uh just like just like everybody else {D: tryna} keep public just you know regular guy Interviewer: did you ever take 533: {NW} Interviewer: say something derogatory like I were talking to a girl and she's calling me {D} 533: no I would think of homely in that sense I wouldn't think of common property or nothing like that you know Interviewer: yeah 533: common whore now that would be something different you know Interviewer: say a person uh an elderly person maybe uh in his nineties but still able to care for himself and you'd say well I don't care how old he is he's still mighty 533: feisty uh peert pert spunky yeah uh-huh Interviewer: okay say if uh the children are out later than usual uh one might something like well I'm not gonna say anything wrong but I can't help feeling a little 533: worried Interviewer: mm-hmm you wouldn't say she felt easy about it 533: #1 nah she kinda # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: feels uneasy yeah Interviewer: say your talking about somebody who uh isn't afraid now you might say well she's not afraid now but she's 533: eh she probably will be Interviewer: or talking about the past 533: or she used to be Interviewer: sure 533: yeah Interviewer: what about uh the opposite of that you'd say well I don't understand why she's afraid now she's 533: she didn't used to be Interviewer: sure uh somebody that needs a lot of money thats lying around in plain view if the doors open you say he's always 533: that's stupid or he's you know trusting but really I'd say dumb I mean you know #1 you wouldn't do # Interviewer: #2 if he's not c- # careful about it he's 533: nah he's careless Interviewer: say if I have uh-huh uh this I might say about her well there's really wrong so and so suggesting every now and then she acts a little 533: yeah I know I have some of those too you don't really have to say anything else right {C: interviewer laughing} uh I don't know depends on how what #1 what are you # Interviewer: #2 talking # about well just odd 533: mean mentally Interviewer: eccentric no not necessarily peculiar behavior um a little unorthodox 533: eh weird you know a little spooky Interviewer: would you ever us the word queer there the word queer 533: well older people would you know uh just like uh sometimes the boss will write a write a uh commercial here about the gay colors of this that and the other you know uh you know but peculiar queer they call it queer you know boy sure is queer Interviewer: but the word required of 533: yeah they've acquired a nasty connotation now you know people don't use them anymore you know Interviewer: yeah reserved for homosexual 533: #1 yeah right you know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: queer is a queer I mean you know he could be unusual and not be a queer #1 but he # Interviewer: #2 right # 533: couldn't be a queer and not be unusual you know Interviewer: somebody who makes up his mind and refuses to change it 533: #1 hard headed # Interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah 533: stubborn bull headed Interviewer: what about someone you can't joke with without him losing his temper 533: touchy touchy Interviewer: and someone whose like that and you don't want him to lose his temper you just say now hold on 533: simmer down calm down I don't think you can simmer down that's like thawing up I mean you know uh you got the th- you know Interviewer: talking about a person being tired an extreme case of it you'd say 533: wore out tuckered out petered out shot Interviewer: uh some body you hear is in the hospital and I said well uh that's funny there wasn't any 533: got sick took ill Interviewer: say if you were going somewhere and your not in any particular hurry to get there you might say uh well get there 533: sooner or later you know just moseying along you mean taking it easy after awhile Interviewer: you ever hear people say by and by 533: yeah not really that's in songs mostly g- directly we used to work directly don't worry about it we'll get there directly you know Interviewer: what about somebody who got very hot uh outside work and came into uh air conditioned room and chilled so if I started ordering you probably say he's doing what {NS} {X} 533: took a chill Interviewer: or he talking about the combination 533: uh he got a cold you know he took a cold and he got l- laryngitis sore throat Interviewer: now he's a little bit 533: hoarse mm-hmm Interviewer: if he {NS} does that he's got a 533: he's got a ma- a cough yeah hark hark thats when you {NW} {NW} that's harking #1 yep # Interviewer: #2 okay # 533: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 533: my daddy uh used to do that a lot still does my mother was on the tenth floor of the baptist hospital in Memphis I was about ten years old you know and I kept you know she was laying there semiconscious and she said well daddy'll be here in a little while I said why and she said listen I didn't hear it I said well she said I just heard him harking and sure enough you know she got up there and he he said um he got up there and she said I hear you harking before you got come in the building he said yeah you know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 yeah you know # Huffman trait I guess Interviewer: {X} 533: yeah Interviewer: toward the end of the day I might say well I better go now I'm feeling a bit 533: weary tired sleepy Interviewer: but it's six o'clock in the morning I'll 533: wake up Interviewer: talking about somebody else who might be sleeping you might say so and so still in bed you better go 533: wake him up yeah Interviewer: say if you get some medicine uh next to your bed and you can't quite tell 'em well how about you 533: why ain't you taken it yeah probably say why you didn't why'd you not take it you know he hadn't took it yet Interviewer: somebody who um that has trouble hearing you say he's just about stone 533: deaf my daddy says deaf {C: pronunciation} mm-hmm Interviewer: and if you've been working out in the hot sun all day you might bring in your wring it out and say well who can I 533: sweated that's when you're wringing wet wringing wet with sweat Interviewer: {X} 533: Did you ever get sweat beads around your neck and under your arms? Interviewer: yeah when I was young but I don't get those anymore 533: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 I don't know why # 533: well now we take a bath about twice a day, you know back then we didn't you know Interviewer: Yeah 533: I mean you know, really we didn't the thing that you did at night you washed your hands before you ate and you washed your feet before you went to bed the hell with the rest of it you know and was a good thing there wasn't many ticks around back then you know, we'd all die but you know we used to get sweat beads, that's what we called 'em Interviewer: {X} 533: yeah Interviewer: what about uh these things you might get on your arm in big 533: wart Interviewer: or something with i think 533: oh you mean like a rise in Interviewer: yeah 533: eh, some people call 'em boils in Louisiana they call 'em boils that's a rising Interviewer: can't quite step through all that 533: pus goop you know if it's uh got a core in it then you call it a core uh you know the hard part Interviewer: you ever heard one with a lot of heads called anything they got one with multiple heads 533: I've never had one of those Interviewer: carbuncle well I've heard of the word carbuncle, I never knew what it was um if you have a blister a what about the side and all that 533: yeah uh I don't know just you know pus Interviewer: {X} 533: yeah you know {D: skiff is a} water blister you know yeah you can call it you know what is the other word um aw hell used to be a word I can't think of it but I use it all the time yeah corruption got corruption in it mm-hmm Interviewer: say if a bee stung you in the hand and it got bigger and you got to save my hand 533: swelled up mm Interviewer: or it has 533: has swelled up {NW} Interviewer: {X} 533: no Interviewer: might 533: might swell Interviewer: if uh a man got an accidentally shot or stabbed you take him to the doctor so the doctor could treat him 533: wound mm-hmm we had an old preacher one time who called it wound yeah the wounds Interviewer: It was wounded 533: it was wounded Interviewer: {X} 533: I don't know Interviewer: say if a wound doesn't heal cleanly you might get a kind of granular flesh growing around it 533: scar Interviewer: okay you ever heard it called any particular type of flesh brown flesh 533: no nuh-uh no Interviewer: can you say it for me then 533: proud flesh that's uh somebody that was you know they had a couple of million bucks that his daddy lost it all in gambling you know but he's still proud flesh kept walking high and wearing his good suit you know he didn't let it get him down Interviewer: Do you ever use that word? 533: yeah I mean on proud flesh she wouldn't give it to everybody she was proud flesh {C: laughter} Interviewer: what about this brown liquid you might put on for an infection 533: brown Mercurochrome merthiolate that's red iodine iodine Interviewer: what about a white powder that's supposed to help with malaria 533: I don't know I've never had malaria mer- Oh quinine Oh yeah, I didn't know they took it for malaria they used to take it for everything you know quinine turpentine {NS} sometimes you taste of something, God, it tastes like quinine Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah say now talk about someone who died have you ever heard any say they didn't they felt uneasy about saying died 533: uh passed away passed on Interviewer: Right 533: you know he uh he's now deceased you know Interviewer: Is there anything that you think of that is distinctively black? black usage 533: passed on passed just passed you know Jojo passed I say well Ronnie passed uh you know {D: a rotten I mean um} you know a kidney stone so what yeah they pass Interviewer: {X} what about joking terms for that somebody you don't like whose old 533: he conked out you know croaked kicked the bucket you know gave up the ghost you know Interviewer: talking about somebody who died you might say well he's been dead for two weeks now but nobody's figured out 533: what he died from Interviewer: a place where you bury people you call that 533: graveyard, cemetery Interviewer: would you make any mistakes if you say it were a a little one out in the country private on private property 533: not anymore so much used to you know way out in the country it was- it was a graveyard and up town it was a cemetery you know Interviewer: what about the people dressed in black at the funeral you say that they're in 533: mourning yeah {NS} Interviewer: if somebody asks you on an average day how are you doing 533: doing fine doing alright Interviewer: uh say the children are out late and the wifes getting a little excited the husband might say well it'll be alright just don't be 533: don't be worried about it Interviewer: what about the disease with joints that makes people annoyed 533: gout rheumatism Interviewer: yeah 533: arthritis rheumatism Interviewer: right is there any difference between arthritis and rheumatism 533: oh yeah arthritis I think has to do with the uh maybe with the muscles you know the way the muscles connect with the bone the rheumatism has to do just simply with bone against bone or something like that Interviewer: okay 533: yeah Interviewer: what about a disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow 533: {NS} jaundice yeah yellow jaundice Interviewer: you heard of a disease that children used to get they'd suffocate because they'd get sores in their throat won't be able to breathe throat closed up 533: yeah diphtheria Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah my daddy had that yeah yeah Interviewer: say if uh {NS} a person that has severe pain down here they must of had a severe attack of 533: appendicitis Interviewer: and uh say a boy keeps going over to a girls house pretty regularly folks think he's getting serious about her say he's doing what they spoke of 533: he's courting her sparking her got the hots for her you know it's- it's all in whether it's your brother that's doing the talking or your mama and daddy you know {NS} he's courting her a little bit owning up to her Interviewer: Is sparking used? 533: not so much call it more of less a joking term sparking who you sparking you know Interviewer: and you would call him her 533: {NS} boyfriend you know Interviewer: {X} 533: girlfriend no- no more of this suitor stuff and beau and brummell and all that crap Interviewer: say your little brother had been out all night and he came back with lipstick on his collar you'd say no how about 533: he's been smooching you booger you Interviewer: {NW} 533: yeah parking probably {NW} Interviewer: say he asked her to marry him and she didn't want to you'd say she 533: turned him down you know put him off jilted it really is that what you would say well when you jilt somebody just when you just you know you just jilt 'em well you just rid of 'em you know Interviewer: Right 533: they think they- maybe they just think you bad in love with 'em and you jilt them Interviewer: what about a wedding what man stands up there next to the groom 533: best man Interviewer: mm-hmm. What about the woman? mm that's the maid of honor if she's not married, matron of honor I think if she is or something like that {NS} around here have you ever heard of anything going on after the wedding except the couples might go away a lot of people might follow them back to their house and get rowdy as all get out 533: like a serenade Interviewer: yeah 533: Yeah, well we used to do that at Christmas time you know it's- they don't do that anymore they don't trick or treat like they used to and they don't serenade used to at Christmas time they'd go around you know under the auspices of singing carols you know or something like that you wind up blowing fire crackers at your girlfriend's window you know my daddy had a big time one time he had you know like six kids some of 'em teenagers when he was twenty-four I mean you know how that I told you about that, you know he's raising my mother's sisters and uh a bunch a kids come up there serenading and uh they were outside it was dark God it was dark and we had a camera which a lot of people didn't have flash attachment on it {NW} he went outside and {NW} flashed that camera you know behind an oak tree boy and they shit and left Interviewer: {NW} have you ever hear that called a sugarier 533: no Interviewer: serenade 533: no Interviewer: uh say if uh say if a group of kids got together and hired themselves a band they might say they were having a 533: throwing a party yeah Interviewer: and when they get out and start moving around on the floor 533: and dance mm-hmm {X} Interviewer: different types of dance 533: in Bruce Mississippi they have dances Interviewer: dances 533: but over here they have a dance {NW} different types of dances you mean what do you mean uh Interviewer: any kind old kind new kind nowadays 533: what do you mean like a barn dance Interviewer: yeah 533: or something like you're not talking about a specific style of dance are you? Interviewer: yeah 533: oh yeah Interviewer: {X} 533: I don't know if it's a dance uh you typically think of teenagers getting out on the floor and getting funky but you can have a barn dance and a square dance uh I guess stuff like that street dance used to have street dances Interviewer: yeah 533: yeah Interviewer: this expression say in the summer time school is not in session or in the end of the summer somebody might have the end of school 533: start Interviewer: #1 yeah # 533: #2 mm-hmm # yeah {NS} Interviewer: say a kid who leaves home supposedly to go to school but don't get there on purpose say he did what 533: he run away skip school yeah Interviewer: When you- 533: played hooky Interviewer: #1 you know # 533: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 533: #2 # oh you mean uh- I was thinking of somebody leaving home to go to college you know you don't let somebody play hooky Interviewer: sure 533: yeah Interviewer: what would you say- would you say anything different talking about a college student say he didn't want to go to class 533: mm well in college you don't so much play hooky because it's of your own you know your own volition whether or not you go to class you have the right to choose you know you screwing off you know not going to class Interviewer: you ever say cut class 533: yeah he cut class uh-huh Interviewer: and uh alright if you build a drum or want to check out a book you go to the 533: library Interviewer: alright 533: which is also known as the library Interviewer: right 533: yeah Interviewer: and if you wanted to see a play or a movie you'd go to the 533: theater {NS} Interviewer: and if you were in a hospital the woman who comes to take care of you is takes care of you she's the 533: nurse Interviewer: what about if you wanted to catch a train 533: go to the depot Interviewer: anything else 533: a train station you know no Interviewer: don't call it the railroad station 533: no not really B-J Thomas did in his song you know been there at the railroad station you know in Saint Paul you know what is that Interviewer: Where- 533: think I love you most of all you know that song sitting outside of the railroad station here in Saint Paul thinking that I love you most of all anyway Interviewer: B-J Thomas does something like that I think 533: B-J's gonna be in Grenada, Mississippi July first he's coming back you heard him yeah I wish I could hear him sing Brick Yard Blues that song Three Dog Night had on hard labor he got his head straightened out I think he got Christian you know which is good cause he was about to die Billy Joe Thomas Choctaw county Texas good I like him you know Interviewer: Yeah 533: but anyway {NW} Interviewer: okay uh talking about buildings downtown say one or {NS} right here and one right here so this ones right across from this one if you look at it like so talking about the relationship with this one 533: nah I'd say right across what do you mean across the road? the catty-cornered Interviewer: Yeah 533: yeah okay catty-cornered yeah Interviewer: you ever heard of people use antigoglin antigodlin like that 533: nah Interviewer: catty-cornered mm-mm say if you were riding on the bus you would tell the driver the next corner is where I want to 533: get off Interviewer: and here's where you have the courthouse in Houston the 533: square Interviewer: or the 533: the county seat Interviewer: sure 533: yeah the county seat mm-hmm Interviewer: the police in town are supposed to maintain 533: law and order Interviewer: alright and before they had the electric chair you'd say murderers were 533: hung yeah Interviewer: and talking about somebody's suicide you'd say he went out 533: hung hisself yeah Interviewer: okay alright so names of the cities and states just for pronunciation 533: yeah Interviewer: the state where the biggest city in this country's located 533: New York yeah Interviewer: {X} 533: uh New York New York that what you mean Interviewer: {X} from the city you would say 533: New York state Interviewer: sure 533: yeah Interviewer: and Baltimore's in 533: that's in Maryland Interviewer: and uh Richmond 533: Virginia Interviewer: Raleigh 533: North Carolina Interviewer: the state right a little bit 533: South Carolina Interviewer: okay Atlanta 533: Georgia Interviewer: Miami 533: that's in Florida Interviewer: and Montgomery 533: Alabama Interviewer: New Orleans 533: Louisiana Interviewer: Louisville 533: Kentucky Interviewer: uh Nashville 533: Tennessee Interviewer: Saint Louis 533: Missouri Interviewer: Little Rock 533: Arkansas and some people say Missouri you know and some people also say Cincinnati Interviewer: right 533: but anyway I never heard anybody huh I don't know people uh the people from Missouri call it Missouri you know cause I have two friends here in town well I'm going back to Missouri this weekend Interviewer: somebody need to write and article to sort that out 533: yeah you know what really pisses me to see someone abbreviate Missouri M-I-S-S thats ignorant man yeah sure saw a guy with a truck with you know and its you know john steel trucking company you know they'll have MISS sure you know Interviewer: uh lets see and we are here in 533: Mississippi Interviewer: and Dallas is in 533: Texas Interviewer: and Tulsa 533: Oklahoma Interviewer: Boston 533: Massachusetts which is Massachusetts you know really yeah Interviewer: what about all the states from Maine and Connecticut together you'd call them the 533: eastern sea board what do you mean new england yeah new england states yeah Interviewer: uh a big city in Maryland that 533: probably Baltimore right or Rockville {NW} which is Washington D-C {D: a la} anyway Interviewer: what about a big city in the north 533: ah Saint Louis Saint Joseph Kansas City Interviewer: and the sea port in South Carolina 533: sa - uh Interviewer: go ahead and say it 533: I started to say Savannah Georgia but I mean you know Savannah South Carolina sea port I don't know Charleston is that on the sea I'm trying to think now Interviewer: what about the biggest city in Alabama 533: Birmingham I guess Interviewer: and the capital 533: north of Alabama it's Montgomery Mobile yeah Interviewer: and the big city where Capone is from 533: Al Capone I don't know where was he from Interviewer: it's a city in Illinois 533: mm Chicago Chicago thats what a lot of people say Chicago Illinois {C: pronunciation Chicago} yeah Interviewer: talking about Mobile what body of water would you say that it's on 533: ah the gulf of Mexico I would never say the Atlantic ocean {NW} or the Caribbean sea no uh Interviewer: what about a few little cities in Tennessee 533: you got Nashville Knoxville Chattanooga Memphis um I don't know how big do you want you know yeah Gatlinburg probably the most famous union city probably the least Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what a a resort city up in the mountains of western North Carolina that Thomas Woods was from 533: Cherokee Asheville yeah you can say where the inspirations core tent was from which is talking about it or the uh well uh they're from Bryson City actually it's not the inspirations it's uh ol' fat boy whats his name Kingsmen they're from Asheville North Carolina yeah Interviewer: okay and if it was in Georgia that would be 533: uh Atlanta Interviewer: okay and what about the city that is close to fort Benning hmm it's the second largest 533: Columbus yeah Interviewer: and 533: I was thinking of Marietta Tucker Decatur you know around Interviewer: {NW} its where the auburn brothers are from 533: uh yeah Capricorn studios Macon home of the w a b g fifty thousand watts on line forty yep offered me a job once yeah uh they said one hundred and seventy-five bucks a week don't make me giggle it wasn't bad it was you know like midnight to three a.m. you know hell a hundred and seventy-five bucks a week uh or ten to one or something like that I don't know I was like I'll do your early morning for twenty thousand a year so yeah Interviewer: what about a big city in Louisiana 533: New Orleans I guess Interviewer: and the capital 533: what is the capital baton rouge yeah I want you to say Wilson has would you say has did it I say no how about has done it he said okay has done it again Interviewer: {NW} 533: they're trying to get so proper they'll be like thank you I appreciate that coke yeah Interviewer: {NW} oh man 533: come over man yeah we be singing all day Interviewer: can you tell me what the capital of Louisiana was 533: uh we did that one uh Louisiana baton rouge Interviewer: okay and the first place you see in Kentucky 533: hmm where is that Louisville yeah now we have a Louisville Mississippi spelled like the same way Interviewer: yeah heard about that 533: yeah got a Huffman in Alabama too not a bad place {NS} full of rednecks just outside of Birmingham out there sort of like you go into Leeds you know Huffman Alabama yeah yeah its out there you know Leeds and Huffman Forestdale {NS} Interviewer: {X} 533: France where the woman wear no pants you know Interviewer: {NW} {X} 533: mm-hmm I hadn't watched um Interviewer: Moscow would be in 533: Russia Interviewer: okay and Dublin 533: that's uh Ireland right yeah I was thinking of Moscow Tennessee when you said Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: alright now this expression now if somebody asks you to go somewhere with and you're not too crazy about the idea you might say well I just don't know you know 533: I don't know if I want to go Interviewer: and if you talk about somebody a friend of yours that's very sick and he probably won't get any better you might say well uh it just seems he'll never pull through 533: yeah it seems like he'll never make it yeah Interviewer: you were asked to go somewhere to look after your wife you might say well 533: {NW} Interviewer: I just wont go 533: I just won't go without if she don't go you know if she can't go Interviewer: I won't go if she goes 533: I won't go unless she goes yeah Interviewer: uh say you've been doing some work and somebody just standing around looking at you 533: yeah Interviewer: you might say well uh why didn't you uh why'd you just sit around without helping me 533: instead of helping me yeah Interviewer: in church you say the preacher preached a fine 533: sermon Interviewer: and uh 533: but you go too preachy mm you know hey whatcha all dressed up for well we going preaching you know Interviewer: you ever hear people call a sermon a mass 533: uh yeah but a sermon and a mass is just different a mass is what you get in a methodist church and I'm not knocking your university of Emory so uh no but you get a hellfire and brimstone sermon if you went to the holy rollies or you know independent baptist or something you get a message in you know because you know the Methodist they usually tell us a story related to something totally irrelevant sprinkle a few and go home you know pass around the grape juice yeah right I kidding I'm just being asinine but you know a message I consider lite you know a sermon you know is delivered you know yeah Interviewer: what is the being that is supposed to be the enemy and opposite of god 533: hmm the devil yeah the booger man Interviewer: right 533: mm-hmm Interviewer: is that the same today 533: yeah the booger man {NW} you know when you're little you know the booger man get ya you know thats uh I don't know if you help that better with your kid you could Satan you know the devil you know Interviewer: what about things that people see around graveyards and are scared of 533: ghosts spooks haunts {C: pronunciation} yeah Interviewer: what if they get in the house and they say the house is 533: haunted or haunted its a haunted house {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: say if its a and in the winter time you might say well uh better put a sweater on it's getting chilly 533: kinda sorta Interviewer: okay or if somebody asks you to go somewhere you say well I'll go if you insist but I 533: I'd rather not go rather Interviewer: if you ran into a friend of yours you haven't seen in years what might you say to um say proof 533: golly I haven't seen you in a long time that what you mean where you been yeah Interviewer: you ever hear people around here say anything like proud to see 533: yeah mm-hmm mm-hmm proud to see you um nice to see you kinda goes the same way glad ya'll got to see me yeah that's typical joke when you're leaving well I'm glad ya'll got to see me you know specially if they don't come to the door to tell you bye Interviewer: say if a man owns a thousand acres of land talking about quantity you'd say so and so are sure 533: a lot of land Interviewer: people around here would they say so and so 533: yeah mm-hmm sure would Interviewer: use it like that 533: mm-hmm well right smart you know how often do you go to town well right smart you know it means a good deal frequently a big quantity you know often {NS} picks his nose a right smart Interviewer: okay uh say if uh you were walking around downtown and you say somebody you knew you know you met them a long time ago what would you say to them in greeting 533: hey how are you doing you know Interviewer: would you ever say something like that to a person you'd never seen before 533: yeah mm-hmm sure Interviewer: what would you say 533: probably the same thing hello how are you Interviewer: how would you greet someone around December twenty-fifth 533: a merry Christmas you know Interviewer: anything else you say on Christmas day {NS} any other greeting 533: uh happy holidays you know it just depends uh merry Christmas mostly Interviewer: you ever say Christmas here 533: nah not unless I'm giving somebody that yes yeah I've heard people say that I think you dumb a Christmas gift happy yule you know Interviewer: #1 what about around here on January the first # 533: #2 you know # yeah a happy new year you know you know they could take uh don't you burn a yule log at Christmas you dye eggs in easter you think they put 'em together you could dye a log you know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 533: #2 be nice wouldn't it # I did that once going into a song dialog by Chicago we can make it happen we can make it you know Interviewer: you know one those guys in Chicago blew his brains out 533: uh blood sweat and tears was it was it Chicago yeah was he with Chicago or blood sweat and tears i don't remember they got a new song out you know now take me back to Chicago hey I guess it was written in his honor you know uh tired of all this tired of it all take me back to Chicago and lay me down you know it ain't really good Interviewer: what about uh something you might say in appreciation not sure how much 533: much obliged had an aunt once that said much a britches you know this you know been joking you know appreciate it you know appreciate it they make fun of Roy Clark and Glen Campbell and John Denver when they get on Johnny Carson you know much obliged I appreciate it Interviewer: {NW} okay what about the Interviewer: Okay. If you need some things from downtown, you say you have to go downtown to do some 533: Shopping. Interviewer: Okay, and 533: And if you was actually gonna buy something. If you're just looking, you're just pilfering around. Interviewer: Pilfering? 533: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, without actually pilfering. # 533: #2 Yeah. # Yeah, yeah, I mean you're just pilfering around, yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, and if you buy something, you'd say that a storekeeper took a piece of paper, and he 533: Wrapped it up. Interviewer: Yeah, when you got home you 533: You unwrapped it. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh, if a storekeeper's selling something for less than what he paid for it, you say he's selling 533: Hmm? Interviewer: He's selling it 533: Wholesale? Interviewer: What about L double O L-O-S-S? 533: Uh, selling at a loss? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 533: #1 Which they usually don't, you know. But they make you think that, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Only sell it at fifty percent profit. 533: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about uh if you see something that you like, you might say, well, I'd like to buy it, but it just 533: Just costs too much. Can't afford it. Interviewer: Okay. Or if you really have to have it, you go to your banker to see if you can 533: Borrow some money. Interviewer: You might say, uh well, I'm sorry, but money is money. 533: Tight. Interviewer: Or 533: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 Seems to you just # 533: Yeah. Scarce. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 533: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Say, the first of the month. You would say that the bill was 533: Mm. Due. Interviewer: Yeah. If you were at a club, you have to pay your 533: Dues. Yeah. Interviewer: Say if you run off a 533: By the way, people say people would say news. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 533: Anyway {C: voice distortion} Interviewer: Say what? 533: You know, stay tuned for the news. Interviewer: News, yeah. 533: {D: Now} Interviewer: News. 533: It's news. Huh. Just like, you know, blues is blues. You know? {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 533: #2 They get this stuff all mixed up. Yeah. # Interviewer: What about uh if you run off a spring board, go in like so 533: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Say you're going to # 533: You're going to dive. Interviewer: Yeah. Did it yesterday, you 533: Mm. You dived. I guess dove is probably the right word. Interviewer: Or you have 533: Have dived. I wouldn't say diven. Interviewer: {NW} It's uh it's mighty tempting to 533: Now you sit on a divan, don't you? Interviewer: {NW} Then, when you get in the water, you begin to 533: Swim? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, and you yesterday, you 533: Swam. Interviewer: And you have 533: Swum. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 533: #2 You know? # Swum all over that place. Interviewer: Right. 533: Uh. Interviewer: And if you get in water that's too deep for you, you might {X} 533: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yesterday, so-and-so 533: Drowned. Interviewer: {NW} And so-and-so has 533: Yeah, he drowned. Two times. Interviewer: Yeah. Yesterday. 533: Yeah, he drowned. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Uh, if you dive in the water, and you land flat, make a pop, it 533: It's a belly buster. Interviewer: Yeah. Say if a kid were playing out in the yard, and he tucked his head down between his legs and kicked out his feet and went over the one 533: Somersets. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. If you went in to pay off your bill to the store, maybe the store keeper gave you a little something for paying off your bills for free. {D: What would you call that?} 533: I don't know. I don't do that. Interviewer: Mm. Have you ever heard the word lanyard? 533: No. #1 Gratuity, you know. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: I thought that was something they put on my steak, you know? So I left her a tip anyway. Interviewer: {NW} What would you say a baby does before it's able to walk? 533: Crawls. Interviewer: Okay. And if there's something up a tree I need, I have to 533: Climb up it. Yeah. Interviewer: Yesterday, I 533: Climbed up. Interviewer: And I have 533: Climbed. I have heard clumb. Way he clumb that tree. But you know, that's not, that's not too Interviewer: {NS} Say if a child uh right before he goes to bed that he's gonna say his prayers, 533: Mm. Interviewer: you'd say he 533: Kneels down. Interviewer: Or the past form, he 533: He knelt down. Interviewer: Okay. Uh somebody who's sick, you might say, well, he couldn't even sit up. He just in bed all day. 533: Laid. Interviewer: And uh 533: Which ain't a bad idea, you know? Interviewer: #1 {NW} Oh. # 533: #2 Good feeling. Go home and get in bed all day, now. # Interviewer: {X} So you begin to 533: Dream. Interviewer: Yeah, last night I 533: Dreamed Interviewer: And I have 533: I have been dreaming. Or I have dreamed. Interviewer: Uh, I was dreaming about such and such, but all of a sudden, I 533: Woke up? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 533: #2 No? # Interviewer: If I brought my foot down real hard on the floor, you'd say I 533: Stomping. Interviewer: You you met a girl at a party, and you wanted to make sure she got home alright, you would ask her, may I 533: Take you home? {C: voice distortion} Interviewer: {X} what would you say when you're walking her in a car. 533: {D: I I don't know. May I walk you home?} {D: You know, may I drive you home or} {D: Let me take you home.} Interviewer: Alright. 533: {D: By way of the country road.} {X} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. If you had to carry something very heavy like a heavy uh suitcase 533: Huh. Interviewer: three blocks, you'd say, I'm {X} for three blocks. 533: Carried. Toted. You know? Interviewer: Does toted necessarily imply something that a real burden? Something heavy? 533: Uh, not especially. You know, he just toted it across the room, you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Say if uh the wife's in the kitchen, and she's cooking something. The children wander in, she might say, well now, that stove's hot, so 533: Get away from it. Interviewer: Or. 533: Stay away from it. Don't touch it. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: If uh you needed something that's here in the room, you might ask me, well, go me that. 533: Bring it to me. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if I throw you a ball, you're supposed to 533: Catch it. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: I threw it. You 533: Caught it. Interviewer: And you have 533: Caught it. Interviewer: Okay. If we're supposed to meet in town, I might say, well now, if I get there before you do, I'll 533: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Wait on you. Whichever, I mean, you know Interviewer: Alright. Somebody who is uh a pretty cheerful person, you might say, well, so-and-so seems to be in a good 533: Mood. Humor. Interviewer: Humor? 533: Awful good humor. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, talking about a person who really doesn't know what's going on. You say so-and-so doesn't know what's going on. He just 533: Thinks he does? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or like he knew it all? 533: Well, you mean uh like he thinks he knows it all? Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Acted like? 533: Yeah, acted like. Pretended. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 533: #2 Mm-hmm. # Made out like. We use that sometimes. He made out like knew all about what a stock Interviewer: Right. Uh, you might say, well, I'd forgotten about that, but now I 533: I remember. Interviewer: Mm. Okay. Uh, if you wanna get in touch with somebody, you might sit down and 533: Write 'em? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yesterday you 533: Wrote and Interviewer: you have 533: written. Interviewer: Okay. And if you write him, you expect to get a 533: Answer. Interviewer: Alright. Mm-hmm. Uh, after you write the letter, you take the envelope, you do what? 533: Address it. Interviewer: Yeah. You'd say, well, I'd like to write so-and-so, but I don't know his 533: Address. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, what about a child who goes around telling on the other children, you'd call them a 533: A storyteller. Liar. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 533: You know? Interviewer: Tattletale? 533: Oh, oh, oh, oh. I see what you mean. Yeah, tattletale. Mm-hmm. Tattletale. Tattletale. Run around the house sucking a bull's tail, you know? Interviewer: {NW} Hadn't heard that one. 533: #1 Yeah, a lot of people did alright, you know? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 533: #1 Things that you do around here on national news, you just think it's common all over the world. Get to be about half-grown, you know? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh. Can you tell if there's any difference between tattling and gossiping? 533: Yeah. Gossiping you're just telling what you heard. Now, tattling is when you're actually telling something on somebody, you know? Uh. Interviewer: Okay. Say if you have uh some flowers growing out in the yard, and you want to brighten up the room. You might say, well, I think I'll go out in the yard and 533: Pick me some flowers. Interviewer: Okay. And this thing that a child plays with, you say, it's a. Or a child, he's got a room full of 533: Toys? Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Play pretties? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. If I have something that you need right now, you'd say, "Give me that 533: Hand it to me. Interviewer: Or 533: Give me that. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 533: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Alright, but already 533: You already gave it to me. Interviewer: And I have 533: Given it to me. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, might say, you might get outside well, I'm glad I got my umbrella with me because I hadn't gone a block before it 533: Started raining. Interviewer: Started to rain. 533: Started to rain. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Began. Interviewer: Alright. It has 533: It has begun to rain. Interviewer: And it might 533: Might begin to rain again. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh, if you need to get somewhere in a hurry, you don't just walk, you begin to 533: Run. Interviewer: Yeah, yesterday you 533: Ran. Interviewer: And have 533: Run. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if you don't know where somebody is from, you might ask, well, where does he 533: Where does he live? Interviewer: Or what is he from? It's 533: Where's he come from? Not where does he hail from? Interviewer: Or I come from. #1 {NW} # 533: #2 He hail everywhere he is, you know? # He hail all over. Interviewer: Right. And the the past form is that yesterday 533: He came from town, yeah. Interviewer: And he has 533: He has come a lot of time. Interviewer: Alright. Uh, if you're trying to get through somewhere, somebody might tell you, well, the highway department's got all their machinery out there, and they got the road all 533: Blocked. Interviewer: Well, if they're working on it. 533: Got it all torn up. Interviewer: Sure. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh, if you get your wife a bracelet for her birthday, and she's just sitting there looking at it, you might say, well, don't just look at it. Go ahead and 533: Try it on. Interviewer: Or 533: Put it on. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Used to have a guy here who said putt. Interviewer: Putt it on? 533: Yeah, he was from Cave City, Arkansas. {NS} I'm gonna putt that thing on the floor. Interviewer: Right. Talking about unusual things that you've heard, you might say, well, I never heard of of 533: I never heard of that. No such things. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Never heard of such. Interviewer: Uh, somebody who did something say hit a {X} with it. Say, he didn't do that wasn't an accident. He did that 533: He done it on purpose. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 533: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Correct. Uh, if you need to know something, I might tell you, well, I can't help it. You better go 533: Check with somebody else. Ask him. Interviewer: Right, and yesterday you 533: Asked him. Interviewer: And you have 533: Asked him. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Blacks say ax. Interviewer: Right. 533: I don't know why. #1 Ax. # Interviewer: #2 I don't either. # If uh a couple of boys get irritated with each other, they might begin to 533: Start a fight. Interviewer: Or they would each other. 533: Hit each other? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well, same word except for form uh 533: #1 Hitting? # Interviewer: #2 Start a fight. # They would each other. {NW} 533: Oh, started to hit each other, right? Interviewer: Fight each other. 533: Yeah, started to fight each other. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And yesterday they 533: Mm. Started a fight. Interviewer: Or yesterday they 533: Uh. Fought, yeah. I see what you mean. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And they have # 533: They have fought. Like that. Interviewer: Uh, take a knife and you do that to somebody, you did what to 'em? 533: Stab him. Interviewer: Any particular names for big knives? 533: Well, you got a like a buoy knife. Interviewer: Hmm. 533: Jack knife. Scalp knife. You know, hunting knife. Interviewer: Yes. Okay. Say if a teacher comes in the room, and there are a lot of uh peculiar pictures on the board in her likeness, she might turn around to the class and say, who 533: Who done this? Who drew this? Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And if you need to get a heavy weight up on the roof of a house, you might rig up a block and tackle and caught yourself doing what to get it up there? You got a 533: Pulley? Interviewer: Up there. 533: Pull it? Interviewer: Okay. Or? 533: Hoist it? Interviewer: Sure. 533: Heist it up. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Uh, this expression uh might say, sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little bit at a time, but it seems your bad luck comes 533: All comes at the same time. Interviewer: Or it comes 533: In bunches. Interviewer: Or all at 533: All at once. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Uh, alright. Okay, just for pronunciation, would you count for me kinda slowly from one to fourteen? 533: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Interviewer: Okay. And the number after nineteen? 533: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six? 533: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: After twenty-nine? 533: Thirty. Interviewer: After thirty-nine? 533: Forty. Interviewer: And after sixty-nine? 533: Seventy. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine? 533: One hundred. Interviewer: After nine-hundred and ninety-nine? 533: A thousand. Interviewer: Okay, and ten times a hundred thousand one 533: Million. Interviewer: Okay. The day of the months that day of the month that the bills are due, that's usually 533: Uh, the first. Interviewer: And after that it's the 533: Second. And third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Interviewer: Okay. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: And 533: Must have been looking for seventy. Interviewer: {NW} 533: Seventy. I heard a national newscaster the other day saying nineteen seventy-six. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: S-E-H-E-N-D-Y. Seventy. Interviewer: It stands out. 533: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And the months of the year? 533: January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. December. Interviewer: Okay. 533: And national newscasters blow February, too. I don't know why they can't say February. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: But anyway. Interviewer: And the days of the week. 533: Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. And Sunday. Interviewer: Ever heard Sunday called anything else around here? 533: The Sabbath. Interviewer: #1 What does that mean? # 533: #2 Mm-hmm. # Uh. The holy day, you know? Day to go to church. And Saturday is sometimes called Saturday. Interviewer: Yeah. 533: Mm-hmm. Saturday. Uh-huh. {X} Interviewer: {NS} I'll just watch to see how your voice is recording. 543: One two three. Interviewer: Right. Just your ordinary voice. 543: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 543: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. {NS} Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty. Interviewer: {NS} Okay {NW} And uh would you give me the days of the week. Uh. Just Sunday Monday so on. 543: Sunday. Interviewer: {NW} 543: Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Interviewer: Okay and the months of the year. January. 543: January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. December. Interviewer: Okay fine I think we can. We can forget about this now And uh. 543: {NW} Interviewer: Uh I'd like to ask you uh About your Your birthplace you were born here in the county. 543: Yes and I was born here in uh Lafayette county. Interviewer: And uh how far out? 543: About sixteen miles out in the country. from Oxford Interviewer: Which way is that? 543: East of Oxford. Interviewer: East. 543: Right. In a little place called Lafayette Spring. Interviewer: Oh yes. {X} Yes I've been through there. Um. And your mother, where was she born? 543: She was born in Lafayette county. Interviewer: {NW} 543: Yes it's south of Oxford. Interviewer: I see, and your father was from Lafayette Springs or? 543: Yes I see where ye. Uh. That's where we they married and move out end of this spring. My daddy was a, you know, he. Was born up uh {NS} Uh, west of Oxford. About twelve miles. {NS} So we moved out to Lafayette Springs and that's where we all was raised up there. {X} Interviewer: I see. And uh, did your mother and father go to school very much um? 543: Well uh. {NS} #1 They went some but not too much cause they didn't get no education much because they didn't have a chance to go to school. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Mm-hmm. {X} And uh. Your mother was a, did she work out or was she a housewife? 543: She was a just a housewife. Interviewer: And your father? 543: He just a farmer, yes. Interviewer: And uh, your mother's parents, did you know them? 543: Yes sir I knew #1 I knew them yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 is that right # 543: And {X}. Yes sir. Interviewer: Where did they come from? 543: They was just raised right around here. Just right around Oxford all that all of us just raised up right around close to Oxford you know, some some in maybe south of Oxford seven or eight miles. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir and this Interviewer: And did they have any education very much? 543: No sir not too much, no sir. No sir. Interviewer: And uh, were they farmers? 543: Yes sir all farmers. Right. Interviewer: And on your father's side, did you know his parents? 543: Yes I did just farmers. Farmers. They didn't have no education, no. {NW} just little Interviewer: I see and uh they came from uh this. Did your father's parents come from here? 543: Yes sir, except about my. Grandfather, he was a slave. Interviewer: I see uh, in this area? In the county. 543: Uh well. Yes sir, you know. around. yes that's all anyone know just that he was in this county you see, slave, back- back in slavery time my grandfather And them my father, he did {D: you know just happened up here} you know and just still been round here all the time. Interviewer: I see. And your wife uh, is she living? 543: Yes sir, my wife's living. sh- Interviewer: How old is she? 543: She's sixty-two years old. Interviewer: And, what is her religion? Uh. Is she, Does she go to church, does she have uh 543: yes she had go to church #1 she's a # Interviewer: #2 she # 543: regular church goer Interviewer: Here in Oxford? 543: Well, uh, it's a little church out in the country there, you know. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yeah so about Four and a half miles out of the country. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 543: #2 where we live # Uh pentecostal Interviewer: pentecostal 543: Yes a pentecostal Interviewer: And uh, her education, did she have a chance to go to school 543: #1 she uh # Interviewer: #2 school very much # 543: uh yes-no sir, she just went to a little rural school. She finished eighth grade. Interviewer: I see. And uh, do you and your wife have uh You go to uh clubs or uh you have any- 543: No sir nothing but church. Interviewer: Church. 543: Right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And uh. You uh drive the school bus? 543: Yes sir, I drive the school bus. Interviewer: And uh, what did you used to do before you What are, what uh Did you farm or? 543: Yes I'm a farmer. Interviewer: Fine. 543: That's right yes. And you know, public work between crop times. Interviewer: I see. 543: Until uh the last few years then I had to quit stuff got so cheap you know couldn't make a living hardly. Small farmer. And then I had to quit and uh Get out in the public work {X} Interviewer: I bet you spent most of your life uh farming. 543: Oh yes sir, yes sir, sure, sure I spent it Interviewer: Okay now, I'd like uh have you describe. {NS} Something about the uh school days that you remember um You went to school out near where you live now? 543: Yes sir, out well well not it's way on out see, I moved up {D: closer to center} the last few years. Way out about sixteen miles out in the country. I went to a little wood school over there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you were telling me uh earlier about uh. How it was kinda hard for you to not look out the window? 543: Yes sir, sure, it's impossible to look out and not see the sun {D:with the shine}. Interviewer: {D: Alright} 543: Yes, it's either way the sun we can look out and tell about what time we was gonna turn out. Interviewer: I see. And about what time uh did your school {D: take up Monday to-}. 543: Well it took up at eight oh clock. And turned out at four. Interviewer: I see. 543: Of course there was a period, one hour between time. Interviewer: And would you uh Tell me did you ever. Did your mother ever send you to school and you just didn't get there? 543: No sir, I always went, I know to go. Interviewer: I see. What did they call it when you didn't? If some, some boy who was sent to school but didn't uh, went fishing instead, what would the, what would they call that? 543: Uh s-skipping class? Interviewer: Uh-huh, and what would happen to him? 543: Oh man, h-h-he wouldn't, he wouldn't want to skip it no more, his parents would tear him up. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yeah sir. That's right, back in them times they they didn't know better than to do that. Interviewer: And what uh, what would the parents do to him? 543: Oh man he'd double 'em plow lines up you know and man he would, he would work him over. And uh in 'em times, uh, if uh somebody else seen that you're uh doing something wrong they would tell on you. And lots of times they would whoop 'em for doing things like that. And that's just what their parents would want them to do. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir right, right. And they'd know better than to let the other parents know or see something wrong that they was doing. Interviewer: They all kind of worked together. 543: Yes right, right, that's right. Interviewer: That's a good idea. 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, tell me something about your teachers. Were they women or men? 543: They mostly was uh, men. Course one woman taught {D: write smart}, but they mostly was men. And because they would have to {X} way back in the woods where you couldn't hardly get there in a wagon. Had to go walk or horseback. And this man would live out so far you know. out in the {D: rural} until he would ride a horse back. ride an old mule back and forth at the school. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes. Interviewer: Uh, what did you call the lady teacher uh if you ever say, Uh it's just a schoolteacher or schoolmarm or what do you call her? 543: Well she, she was a school teacher you know Miss, or whatever she what her name was. {D: I can't do it}. {B} Her name was {B}. And we would call her Miss {B}. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh what would she call you, her. Her student? 543: Students She called us her scholars, scholars is right. Her scholars, that's what we were called, scholars. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh. How were the grades? Uh how did you move from one grade to the other? Did you, did you {D: call them grades then} or how did you? 543: Yes sir we would call 'em grades then you know of course you know but uh Uh we would make a grade every year. {D: the sum} would make grades you know because they would let them stay there 'til they thought they was able to move on up. And I tell you too one thing, we didn't you know. Have no more {D: change}. We all didn't have books. We couldn't get books, our parents would have to buy the books and we couldn't get books to study. And we'd have to study with. first one or the other that had a book did up in that grade. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes and we would swap {D: about} {D: to this one} and he's studying this book and maybe this one had one kind of a book and the other one didn't and we'd just study with them. Interviewer: I see. Uh what was the uh. What was the uh class, the school like, what kind of furniture did you Did you have in it? 543: We had uh mostly solid blocks to sit on. Go out and cut a tree down and saw some blocks about tall enough to sit on. And probably go around to some old sawmill place and get a piece of plank to run from one block to the other and that would be the seats we'd sit on. Interviewer: I see, what would you work on? 543: Well sometimes they'd get an old, old Well this one little table in there but we we work on our laps Interviewer: Oh is that right? 543: Right. That's right. We'd hold our books in our lap, that's what we'd work on, no desks there. Interviewer: Ah, I see. Uh when did they first start to use the desks I wonder. 543: Oh, he, he, he'd passed on up for several years, several years. {D: I'm just remembering} just what year. But uh Interviewer: Did your children have desks? Uh. 543: They, they moved up on {X}. You know, uh, these little uh. Children sitting with the desk {D: on}. But that come on up here for the last few years, not many years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But your children would have had 'em. 543: Yes sir my children had these little desk {X}. Interviewer: And uh {NW} How did they talk about the uh Civil War, uh did they call it uh the war between the states, or what did they call it? {NS} 543: Well that's what they call it, between the states. They call it the war between the states, of course. Interviewer: And uh, and of course now, most people call it the. They still say that or? 543: No sir, they just says now that this is uh, you know, the war between. Um The Nations! Interviewer: I see. Uh-huh. Would, would they. They never talked, talked about, about the Civil War? Would they ever say that, uh when you were a student? 543: Back then yonder, the Civil War, well they didn't talk too much about that because we didn't know. So much about that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But then, when they did talk about it, they said war between the states. 543: Right right, yes sir. Yes sir yes. Interviewer: {NS} Then uh Uh would you tell me uh Uh How People ever got to college, what How long would they- Go to that school and what was the next step and then what was, how would they go on to 543: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 college? # 543: Th-th-they did it so when they would finish these what we would call eighth grade. Little school {D: out}. Probably they would uh. Them that could get a chance to get off they would go to a high grade school you know. But it wasn't many of them did it you know because uh for the last year they would uh go have to be, they would have to put they children out {D: they would able}. To board with somebody. {D: Or} room with somebody you know to go to school it was uh from a you know above the eighth grade. Up until the twelfth grade, you know. Interviewer: I would take money. 543: Yes sir right right, that's right, you know, there's lots of us didn't have it you know back that end to Even do that much. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 They just had to # Quit and Go to sch- field, work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: That's all. Interviewer: And then after that school. Uh you go to. 543: Well, I tell you what, just a few of them got into college. From their high high school. They went to just a college you know, some few got to go to the college. Wasn't many of them that was able to pay to go to these colleges. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And then, uh. We didn't know to much about no university. Nothing. Interviewer: Did um. Uh. Did people regard uh Did people think that uh say the eighth grade made a pretty good education? 543: Yes, after they go out they, they went to {D: Macon}. They thought they were making a you know, pretty good education, yes. Interviewer: And, probably did, in fact. {NS} They, they really uh, they had uh. To apply themselves, and they probably did- 543: Sure sure sure, yes sir that's right, yes sir, yes sir. The made right {D: good} grades {D: then}. Interviewer: Uh, in town, {NS} What would a girl uh do {NS} If she didn't get married after she finished her education? Would she Were there, was there a chance to work in a hospital or uh. 543: No sir, no sir, no sir. Interviewer: Uh 543: They just had to sit at home. In this. Working the field, you know, yes, that, that's right. There's always work you know, if-if-if it's crop time you know, during the crop time And nothing else to do, why they just sit around if they didn't get married, old maid sitting around. Interviewer: Mm. Now uh what, what do girls mostly do? Around here 543: They moved up {D: to some now} and you know, and uh with some of 'em you know, they, they's uh babysitting And uh that's mostly all, maid. House maid you know. Interviewer: Did they ever work in hospitals or? 543: When I see them for the last few years. Some of them's got to going to working in hospitals you know. Interviewer: Do they go to school for that? 543: Yes sir, they have to go to school for that right yes. Interviewer: They they become a regular, uh. Uh they go to school and become a regular Nurse or? 543: Well yeah well uh nurse aide, yes sir, nurse aide. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Go to school for this, the nurse aide. Yes. Interviewer: And do they uh Ever work for lawyers, say uh, typing and taking notes? 543: Well they hadn't till here right lately. Just right lately. They have {D: move into that place}. {NS} working somebody's working for lawyers. All this typing you know and different offices. Interviewer: What do they call 'em What what do they call 543: Secretaries. Interviewer: And that job 543: Yes sir, that's right, now that's happened lately. There's a few of 'em about, you know. Interviewer: Much more opportunity than um 543: Oh much much much more yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: And uh When {NW} When you would come home And uh you tell your parents something Uh That would surprise them. How would they, how would they express themselves {D: they say hoowa} Whoever {NW} Suppose you came home with some, some facts that uh That would surprise your parents. Uh They would say well. I'm proud of you. Who uh. Who taught you that, who learned you that, what would they say? 543: Oh well, they just go along, go along mostly you know. And see till they till they find out, what, it is the facts or something like that you see. {NS} Interviewer: Excuse me. {NS} {X} {X} Okay 543: Yes sir Yes sir Interviewer: And uh And then, when you were not in school as a boy, Would you tell me, some of the homemade things you used to play with uh. Uh did you ever have um. Board That would go up and down? 543: See-saw, yes sir, I made a many one. Interviewer: {NW} Is that right? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And, you'd say that the uh Those children are, are are what when they are doing this? Just See-sawing 543: See-sawing Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And did you ever have a um Plank on a pole And the plank would go around What did you call that? 543: {D: Well um} we would just mostly call them a see-saw you know and uh Oh well When we start around And like what we would do was We cut the monkey {X} When we start around. We did see-saws, see-saws. {D: and took the monkey down}. Interviewer: I see. 543: That's the way we was back then. Course I don't know what they would call it now. Interviewer: That's what I'm interested in. And Did you ever have the board on the, on a pole? That would go around, not up and down? 543: Oh I see. Interviewer: Go around. 543: No sir we didn't ever, didn't ever experience that ever. That's right no sir. Interviewer: Uh, did you ever hear a, people call it anything that's that uh. Did you ever hear of it uh sort of homemade. Just a homemade thing, board on a pole? You get two children on it as I understand and you push them. They go around pretty fast. 543: Right right. Yes sir that's right, oh, no we we we just uh. We call that mostly a see-saw. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: See-saw. Interviewer: And did you ever have a {NW} A limber plank on a. Fixed on two ends. And you get in the middle and jump on it? 543: Spring board? Interviewer: I see. And you just go up and down. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Like 543: We call that a spring. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir, yes sir spring. Interviewer: And uh Does the word flying Jenny 543: Flying Jenny Interviewer: Does that uh, does that sound familiar? 543: Think that's right, yes sir, yes sir That's right, that flying Jenny right. Interviewer: Sometimes they call it a Flying Dutchman sometimes a flying Jenny. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: But around here they said Jennies. 543: Yes sir that's right, that's right. That's a flying Jenny. Yes sir. Interviewer: And um When you just had two ropes down from a tree. And a seat on it And the kids go back and forth, what would you call that? 543: We call that a swing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, musical instruments you'd play uh. {X} 543: French harps Yes sir. Interviewer: Or if you go this way. 543: That's a Jew's harp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And did uh Did you ever uh I suppose you didn't. Have a lot um of small toys uh Small things to play with, little guns and balls and dolls, and You know, the whole children, the whole family. Uh what would you call all of them together? Just uh. Your mother would say now pick up all your what? 543: Toys? Interviewer: Toys. 543: Yes sir, toys. Interviewer: Did you ever hear {D: play pretty}? 543: Play pretties? Back yonder yes sir they would, they would {X} some of them would call 'em toys of course. And some of them would call them play pretties. Get your play pretties and put them up. Interviewer: Is that right? 543: Right. Interviewer: And they were small. 543: Oh yes sir, and homemade. Interviewer: I see. 543: Oh they'd make some of them homemade. {X} yes sir. Interviewer: Could you mention some of them that you remember? Uh 543: Oh well, we-we-we'd make 'em little dolls, you know we just take the doll making you know. Even {D: down on top} of the little wagons we had. We make 'em homemade, we go out in {D: sources}. {D: Wheel} off a tree, saw a wheel down and saw a little wheels off of it you know and all And we bore a hole in that end, and we'd thrust a an axle and put 'em on just like a wagon. Put some nails down through there and get on. Make out with tongs and go in it and everything, just-just made everything. Interviewer: I see. #1 Yes yes sir # 543: #2 What did they sell? # Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh, when you went fishing, uh what would you use for bait? Um 543: We'd uh. We would uh get uh go out and dig each year old earthworms they're called. We dig in the ground of course you've seen like a We go out digging in the ground and get them earthworms we'd call 'em. And put on the hook. Interviewer: About how big are they? 543: Oh they's almost about like a Large {D: match stem} Interviewer: I see, real fat? 543: Yes sir, right right, yes sir. Some like three inches long, something like that. Interviewer: And uh did you ever use uh small fish uh? 543: Well we didn't use too much of 'em back then {D: they all tiny} But they using 'em now it look like. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: We would just use them old We didn't know enough about them fish that that's right Interviewer: What do they call 'em now? 543: Minnows Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir Interviewer: That's the real- 543: Yes sir, the little small fish right here. Interviewer: Uh did you have a a boat or anything that you could {D: wanna water in}? 543: No sir we didn't have them then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: No sir. For the last uh {D: well, well} Was just a few {D: meats}. Homemade but they wouldn't get out in this big water much {D: would they}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, what would they call 'em if they were homemade uh. Call them rowboat skips or 543: Just, just a boat, you know, that's a that's the boat. That's what they'd all call 'em then, you know, just a boat. Interviewer: {NW} Did they have a word for uh pushing the boat into the water off the land? 543: The dock. Interviewer: Just, uh a dock. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And if they get the boat off the dock in the water, they'd say let's what? 543: Um. Well, they call it a {X} {NS} {C: muttering} Interviewer: Well I was wondering, did they ever say launch? {D: launcher} or? 543: No sir, they didn't know that. Didn't know that name. Interviewer: That must come later. 543: Ah that's right, yes sir yes sir, that's right. Interviewer: And did you ever play {NW} A game with uh The uh things that you put on Horses' feet, to get them on 543: Oh yes sir, uh shoes, horseshoes. Interviewer: What would they call that game? 543: Uh, what they call a {D: pitchnew}. Interviewer: I guess pitching 543: Hang 'em round in a- yes sir. Uh, well we just call it pitching horseshoes you know, Hanging 'em around that {D: staff} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Pitching 'em, pitching 'em in the holes, something like that, you know. Interviewer: On the farm did you uh did you put your own horseshoes on or did you have to take them to some place? 543: Well uh, most of us would put 'em on ourselves. Interviewer: Would you explain how you do that? Um 543: Well, we'd get that horseshoe you know and uh. We would get it heated, put it in a little outfit and heat it you know, And take it and put it on the anvil and bend it where you put them caulks on it you know. And we'd get a {D: wrap} and we'd trim uh, draw a knife and trim the horse's feet off, smooth it off. Put that there you know, and look and see how it fits, and may need a little more angle. We'd get it and put it on the anvil and angle it till it fit just right. Then we'd put them nails in there you know Sorta bend the end of the nails {D: would only go in} so for and then come on out and then bend 'em back. Cut 'em off. Interviewer: And what were they come right out the uh 543: Hoof Yes sir Bend it and drive it on up until it come, it don't come out after a while. Makes a little crook on the end You start it in and you just learn how to make it come out the angle {X} on its hoof. Interviewer: Never knew that. 543: Why yes. Interviewer: So that's why um That's why you never would hurt the horse's feet actually, you. You'd drive it at an angle. 543: Yes sir right, at an angle Interviewer: You would drill it right up. 543: Straight up, {D: go plumb into the quick} Interviewer: I see. 543: Now he's he's got {D: right smart room} that hoof do. Before we get into the {D: quick}. Set your angle you learn to set your, bend it a little. {D: Put it} on that there horseshoe. Start it in and so after a while it gonna come out and it don't soon come out. You pull it back out and beat it a little more for it to come on out. Yes and clip it off then and mash it down. Interviewer: I never understood that uh, it sounds as if you'd hurt the horse but that's how you keep away from it. 543: Yes sir, yes sir that's right, sure, sure. Yes because that hoof has got {D: right smart a} In there before we get to the {D: quick}. And yes you set that nail up, you just keep on up until you get in the quick. Except it would come out after a little bit. Interviewer: Ah {D: seriously}? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And you just uh would shape it to fit the uh. 543: Yes sir, after the trim the foot down you know good what won't be too long not get it too, to the quick. Just trim it down a little {X}. Interviewer: And uh {NW} Did you play any games with balls? Say, like, baseball or anything like that? 543: Yes sir, we played baseball. That's right, yes. Yes sir we'd play baseball and a little basketball. Interviewer: Did you? 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: And uh Uh Did you {NS} You're real small, but I meant to ask you also when you uh When you're real small you Play games that involve hiding from each other, would you describe that uh? As little kids, might play a game that they might hide from each other. 543: Oh yes sir, hide and seek, we taught them hide and seek. Oh man We had more fun out of it, yes sir that's right. Played hide and seek. Interviewer: You'd uh, would you explain how that, that was done, you might uh. Let's say one child would be uh would be it. 543: It to base And count and the others go hide. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Hide and seek we'd call it. We wanted him to hide his face you know and count I always was Is um Ten ten double tens. {D: Four to five fifteen hundred.} Bushel of wheat, bushel of rye, all laid here on the {D: eye}, {X} hid why, then holler I. And if they all hid, why they wouldn't say nothing. And then whoever's counting you know says Bushel of wheat, bushel of clover all they hid, can't hide over. Interviewer: All that's very interesting. 543: Then you'd go out looking for 'em then, you know. And you'd get out and look around you know and people around {D: bush one way and another} wanna jump up and run and make you {X}. Interviewer: I see, I appreciate your uh bringing that up. The way that you've uh You'd holler so that you know that either. 543: Right, right, yes sir. Interviewer: Hide or not. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I never heard that. #1 {X} # 543: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Bushel of wheat bushel of clover, 543: All in here can't hide over He can't hide over then he done asking you know. Interviewer: {NW} I see, and uh In schools, what would you, somebody would do something wrong and uh another child would tell the teacher. What would you call that child? Say well he's nothing but an old, what? What would you Go ahead. 543: Tattler Interviewer: Tattler 543: Tattler yes say he's a tattler. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you wouldn't like it, right? 543: No sir, no sir, no sir, that's right. No sir. Interviewer: And uh. {NW} {NW} Excuse me if a Boy Gets on the grass and Puts his head down, turns This way 543: Turn somersault Interviewer: {D: summer set} 543: Yes sir, that's what we call it, turn somersault. Interviewer: Okay. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: {NW} And did you do much swimming? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Would you describe that uh. 543: Oh Interviewer: When you'd go, where you'd go and why you'd do it? 543: Oh man I just, I'm often thinking about that, we used to get out there And go into a, well we go into the creek you know, they didn't have as many ponds as we got now you know. But we'd find a place in the creek where the deep enough to swim you know. We'd go in there and that's where we learned how to swim. Round that big hole of water Would be a bunch of us in there swimming around And then sometimes we'd find a pond that we can get in you know out in the {D: pasture}. We go there just swim all kinds of ways look like. Interviewer: Is that right? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Um, you just uh You'd, somebody An older person there or did you just kind of. 543: Well that was the beginning yes sir. And most {D: drown} in the country then there's always some there you know that could swim good and it's like {X} one another. All those come along that end mine could swim. Since lately they'd uh There's a lots of them that don't get the chance to go to swimming. Uh they don't swim or they not interested in it or something and I notice now lots of men that's coming on that there's a young men, and they don't, and it played out back {D: young a while} look like it's a space in there Now I got some boys that I wanted to you know, want 'em to swim but they wasn't interested in it. And they didn't learn how to swim and they're grown men and they don't know how to swim. That's right. Interviewer: You really have to learn it when you're young. 543: Yes that's it, yes sir, yes sir, that's right, sure. Interviewer: It's a good thing to know. 543: Yes sir, yes sir, that's right. Interviewer: Did you ever have the chance to do much to get up on a board and jump in with your? 543: Yes sir, diving. Interviewer: Would you. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Describe that? 543: Yes sir, when we get out there you know, and we take a board, long plank you know and make us a diving board you know. And we put it back and have it a long {X} spring, that way you know. And uh of course when we finally got to it we put a big old spring. Before we hit it we'd fasten it back there you know get a spring you know We had more over we would be the heaviest you know, spring, and you would get to spring and then jump up and go down on your head and go. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Well sounds to me as if you had a pretty uh 543: And I don't, and I. Interviewer: Pretty good childhood. Must have enjoyed yourself. 543: Right man, we had {X} oh yes sir. We didn't have no {D: biggest time} back that then. That's what I'm often thinking about. And we would meet up over there We lived close to a Two families of white people. And we was all pretty well close to the same age, you know. There's three to four in each family you know. And man we'd meet them at their pond and they would sit there swimming and having a good time we had. We'd get tired get through and go on back. Interviewer: Oh that sounds wonderful. 543: It's wonderful right right yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Um When you started to get interested in girls and uh, later on how would you describe um who you uh Would let a girl know that you were interested in taking her out, how would you describe that? 543: Well I tell you Back in my time then we didn't do much taking them out. Unless, most of the time then we was with these girls was at churches. We'd meet up there. Interviewer: I see. 543: That's right. Yes sir, yes sir. And then Maybe sometime we could uh get in the wagon and ride home with them. And stay uh you know from the church sometimes we could stay if we gonna have service that night and we go back to church with them. And sit there in the house with them and they parents and play around on the porch till church time. Interviewer: What uh if you If you showed special interest in one girl, People would say well he must be what? 543: They would say, well he must be alright you know. Just interested in one girl. Interviewer: And if you uh, how would they say, "He's courting her" or he's? 543: Oh yes sir right, that's right, he's courting her, courting her that's right, yes sir. He talk like courting you see. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir, yes sir, that's right. Interviewer: And uh You would be then known as her uh If you were courting her, sh- you would be known as her what? 543: Boyfriend. Interviewer: And she would be known as your. 543: Girlfriend. Interviewer: Girlfriend? 543: Yes sir, that's right. Interviewer: And uh When you uh, would Kiss her to show uh That you loved her Uh what was that called? 543: Well just, that showing that we love one another you know. Interviewer: And would they call it kissing? 543: #1 Kissing, yeah kissing, kissing # Interviewer: #2 {X} # You ever {NS} other {D:terms}? {NS} 543: {X} Interviewer: Sometimes people call it uh bussing. {X} {NS} {X} {NW} I uh Hope that doesn't continue. {X} 543: Yes sir {NS} Interviewer: Okay uh Then {NW} If uh did you do any uh dancing? 543: No sir we didn't do much dancing back then. Of course now I tell you what Well, some few did {NS} But uh Just like we has now some folks {D: who they love to go to church}. And some don't go to church, they go to the there was dances then. But it's just different types of people. {X} Interviewer: Oh I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: But uh For those people {NW} Who uh Uh Who go to a dance, what would they call it uh There any, do you remember any special names? 543: Well they would call it a party. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yeah they'd have parties, there's gonna be a party over yonder at that Oh Back that end, they would call 'em supper, some of them would you know. Gonna have a supper, they would have fish fries and dances and everything all that was in it you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: There gonna be a supper such and such a place you know. That's what they would call them places you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Then if uh Let's say some went to the dances and some tended, tended to go to church 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Uh The people who went to dances Uh might get into trouble. And then you would say well the police came and arrested the, the what? 543: {X} Interviewer: If they arrest everybody you'd say well they arrested uh. 543: Them dancers Party {X} Interviewer: The whole uh 543: Yeah, the whole set up you know. Interviewer: I see 543: That they're dancing. Interviewer: Did that happen very often? 543: Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, that's right. Interviewer: {X} 543: Sure, sure, yes sir. That's right. Then they had to go to a held trials {X} or pay fines. Interviewer: I see. 543: And we've talked about it, and we go to church you know, we uh. Talked about it if they had been to church they said this wouldn't have happened to them. Interviewer: A dance, uh I suppose they'd sit around if they weren't on the floor dancing, they'd sit back and they'd go like this. 543: Yes like this. Interviewer: #1 Well what would they call that? # 543: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Um What would they call that when they go this way? 543: Um {D:let's see} Interviewer: I suppose they just do it with the music right? {NS} 543: Yes keeping their own {X} keeping time with the music. Interviewer: {NW} Would they call it a stomp? Um Or maybe there's a dance. 543: Maybe so. That's that's what we really just don't know too much about {D: two different kind}. Interviewer: I see. 543: Alright {NS} Interviewer: Somebody uh told me one time that uh uh If, if you stand up and just you know, beat the floor Uh that's kind of a dance. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: You call that a stomp. 543: Stomp dance. Interviewer: {NW} 543: {NW} Yes sir. Interviewer: Suppose you uh, met a girl At church and uh Uh and you, want to, to uh Go Home with her, you'd say, may I Uh how would you express that to her? 543: Well, I would ask her you know uh Could I have a date with her, to go home with her? {NS} Interviewer: Or uh, could I, may I uh carry you? 543: Yes sir, carry, carry her home, you know, something like that you see. Interviewer: That would mean you just Go home with her. 543: Go home with her, right. Interviewer: You go back to your place. 543: Yes sir, that's right sure sure, yes sir. Interviewer: And suppose she didn't like you. 543: Well she said no one's done that. Interviewer: {NW} 543: One boy asked a girl one time said he walked up and you know he was gonna get acquainted with her. And he said my name is uh So-and-so we call his name John. She said I didn't ask you your name. {NW} {X} Interviewer: I see, suppose that uh She did like you, and then she changed her mind. 543: Well Interviewer: Then what, how would you describe that? 543: Well well, she would sure {X} speak to him anymore and go try to talk to him or something {D: If she gained interest in him.} That's right. Interviewer: Then suppose she'd get mad, and she didn't like him anymore, so she'd what? 543: Oh well, she Get away, she wouldn't turn him off, she wouldn't talk to him. Interviewer: I see. 543: No she wouldn't talk to him. Interviewer: Just uh Uh Suppose though they got along real well And after a while uh Uh they decided to Spend the rest of their lives together, would you describe that uh How would, how you would Ask a girl and And how would you do it? 543: Oh well, we'd ask that if you know what, if we would uh We'd ask getting married Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: We'd get married you know and all so If uh Interviewer: Can you tell me something about getting married uh. 543: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Uh # {NS} Would you just describe how you would get married? 543: Well we'd ask you know uh Well I went and asked her you know and she uh {D: Liked a matter} And so of course, she would tell me, yes. And that would be {X}, you know, married. And uh, she'd think we can live together for life time of course, we'd believe so and so she would ask me and I would ask her. And of course we'd go ahead home and we go maybe have several visits you know, and so we uh. {NW} Showed that we has interest in one another, you know, we, didn't have no {D:fallout} we both agreed with it. And so after a while then we would set a time we would get married then. Of course we go along look like we gonna agree {D: with this marriage} Interviewer: Mm-hmm how did they uh, would you describe the marriage ceremony? Describe the wedding? 543: Well The way we would do most of it then back then we wouldn't have, we would just uh meet at the girl's house you know and then we'd put it out you know we gonna have a wedding that Sunday or whenever it be and {D: sold} Just several friends would come in you know and uh just. We you know put on the wedding gown and have us a special dress made you know, put on, so. And they'd get their lawyer, we'd get a lawyer you know. A preacher. And they would, you know, read ceremonial the place in the bible to read off you know. And so after they do that reading say would you take this Girl to be your wife? And stand by her Through thick and thin, now and now forever? Say yes. Interviewer: {NW} 543: Exactly. Join hands and take this for your wife. And this for your husband. Interviewer: And uh {NW} Did anybody stand up with you? 543: Wasn't back in them times that didn't anyone stand but lately come up, this is something else {X} Interviewer: I see. What do they, what do they call the people that stand up with you? 543: They Interviewer: oh 543: Wait Wait wait Interviewer: {D: Waitmen?} 543: I think they call it {D: waitmens now} Interviewer: Uh-huh And uh, the girl? That stands up with the wife? With the bride? She's uh 543: Uh what do they call that? The girl stands up with the boy. Listening. These two get married. He will have a boy to Stand by him, oh stand by the girl. And the girl will get another boy to stand by her. And that's the way they {D: goes there}. Oh I see. Yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Well they call 'em something or other they call them now. There's {D: always} a new name now. We didn't have 'em back that end, but we do have 'em now. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And um. After their wedding, did your friends ever. Give you a, Noisy uh {NW} party? 543: Yes sir that's right, come time, sometimes they throw, Rice, just scatter rice, all spread it out of course And you know they has a big party there you know, we call it party, you know, there'd be a lot of cake {D: and you put one stuff in another you know}. there at the wedding. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of uh, people Taking a bride and groom out and ringing bells and shooting fire crackers and things like that? 543: No sir, that happ- well I tell you what I heard of that, but I just wasn't around it you see. I heard of such as that you know. and just scream and #1 And all # Interviewer: #2 Play jokes # 543: Yeah right, right, right, yes sir. Interviewer: What, what would they call that? Uh 543: Ah, cel-uh, celebrate, I don't know what they would call that exactly. Because uh. That sort of something came up later you know, of course I mostly back yonder when I come on, that didn't happen too much then. Interviewer: I heard uh. Other people have told me that it used to be called shivaree or uh {D: horhen} Or uh {D: dellon} or uh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Do any of those sound familiar to you or no? 543: Well, I #1 don't remember # Interviewer: #2 they come from # different parts of 543: #1 Oh yes sir, sure, that's right, yes sir, yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} mm-hmm # 543: Different places yes sir. Interviewer: Serenade or. Dishpan or. {NW} 543: Yes sir Serenading, serenading, yes sir that's right serenading. Interviewer: And uh If uh When the bride uh A married woman is gonna have a child Uh, you say she's what uh. 543: Pregnant. Interviewer: Pregnant? And did you use to say that? Uh 543: No sir uh Interviewer: Say well she. 543: No, they didn't use, used to use a similar kind of word. Mostly it was going to have a child. Interviewer: Okay, anything that comes to your mind, like. 543: #1 Yes sir, that's what I mean, yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {D:interested in}. # Uh {NS} I had a, I had a feeling that they probably didn't say pregnant back then. 543: #1 No sir, that's, that's right # Interviewer: #2 More of a medical term today # 543: Yes, I call it {X}. Interviewer: Uh-huh, right 543: Educational thing. Interviewer: Right, I'm just wondering how they used to, to talk about it uh. Say she's just gonna have a child. 543: Yes sir, yes sir, they's gonna have a child. Interviewer: Uh When uh There's time for the child to come, would you describe what you do uh? No hospital {NW} 543: No hospital no sir. {D: man}, back that end, they would just call 'em granny. Granny women. It was women that you know would do, wait on them, you know. Back that end. Oh yes sir, man I, {X}. No they didn't know about no doctor, nothing. {D: with it}. That's one thing, we can't get no, {D: lotta birth}. It's hard getting a birth certificate. {D: Or a certificate holder}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Well anyway, And um um, Back then when I did, I messed up on mine. They didn't turn 'em in right and everything, they just write and didn't think they ever have need them or nothing of the kind, back that end. Yes sir, the uh, these granny women would wait on {D: me}. People were grown and young, {X} back that end. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How long would she stay uh The granny? 543: She wouldn't stay long. Probably you know, some of them would take a little longer you know, probably, most of the time it would be at night you know. Probably, they might stay the rest of the night you know, the end of the night, rest of the night. Sometime it'd be in the daytime, as soon as, that-that was over, as soon as she'd had the kid you know, Why, she'd fix it up you know and leave on out. But she would go back in a few days and dress the child and see how's it's getting along. And of course uh She would go back in about three days that navel string would come off, she would go back in. {D: brown a cloth} or burn a cloth and put on it and grease it you know, and put a {D: bandage on it}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And that was all of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If uh If the uh, child. Uh, resembles a parent, Say that the boy resembles his father, {NW} at birth you say, well that boy really. Uh How did they use to say that? 543: Yes sir, that was his {X}. He's the one that done it you know and all. {D: you, that's speaking of these young girls}. Interviewer: Well uh, yes, and what would they call a child that uh, that was born to a woman who wasn't married? What would they call that child? 543: Well they call, well I, back that end, they'd call her a Uh, bush Child. Interviewer: Bush child? Uh-huh That meant, she, the mother wasn't 543: #1 Right, right, right. # Interviewer: #2 married? # 543: #1 Right, right, that's right, yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And uh, If uh, if a young child Say, three or four years old, Uh starts to Well suppose the uh Father has uh very Piercing eyes and the little boy has piercing eyes, you say, well that little boy uh what? 543: Just like his, just like his daddy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes, he's bound to be his daddy's because he favors him in some way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And suppose uh The father is always laughing you know and happy, And the boy's always happy, you say, well that little fellow 543: Is taking after his daddy. Just like him, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: And uh Um How would you refer to uh All the children Uh Then you say now I don't have any? At home, they are all in school, now how would you refer to To all of them? Did they say kids, back in your, when you were, young? 543: No sir, they said children. Interviewer: I see. 543: Childrens. #1 Children # Interviewer: #2 Children # 543: Children. Interviewer: Ah. Kids, is not Didn't used to be used apparently at all. 543: No sir, no sir, no sir. Interviewer: Must be quite recent. And did you ever hear uh {NW} Somebody Say, we had Fourteen, sixteen children? Say, well, yes he's got a whole, what? 543: Whole bunch of children. Interviewer: Whole bunch of children. Did you ever hear a passel Got a whole passel of children? 543: I don't don't remember that right now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh If you uh {NW} The father's name is John, and the uh Child's name is John, you say, well, they must have named, 543: After his daddy, yes, after his daddy. Interviewer: And uh Uh, if both the parents uh died, I suppose that often happened. What uh, how would they describe the child? 543: Uh, of this parents. Interviewer: Let's say both of them have died. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Then how would they describe the child? 543: They would say that he's motherless, children. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would they uh, would they ever say orphan? 543: Orphan children, there's orphan children, orphan children. Interviewer: I see. And uh would somebody be appointed to look after them? 543: Well of course yes sir well uh Well back that then you know um, just somebody would take it on theyself to see after them. Somebody, people {X}, somebody would have to care for them to take them you know and see after them you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now, the court uh. 543: Yes sir, that's right, appoints somebody to someplace. Interviewer: They call them uh. they call 'em now a what? Somebody at court actually does name They call them guardian or 543: We di- that's right, they had them looking over them is the guardian, you know. Interviewer: But that didn't use to be the case? 543: No sir, no sir, no sir, no sir, nothing like that. Interviewer: {D: awful, uh-huh}. And uh Did people uh I don't suppose you did on the farm, but uh maybe you did. Uh did you have something with wheels on that you put the baby in? And uh, then you Push it or pull it? 543: Ye- yes sir, we call that a, well a Stroller. Interviewer: Stroller. 543: Stroller. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh, did you call it a stroller back then, or is that mostly what they call it now? 543: Well they called it a baby buggy back that end. Yes sir, we called it a baby buggy. Interviewer: And uh if, if you wanted to take the baby uh out to show it say to somebody in town, Just take it down the sidewalk to show it off to the neighbors, you'd say I'm gonna what the baby? 543: Gonna uh Interviewer: Just uh In the buggy, what would you do? 543: Stroll, well you say push it down the Street, in the Interviewer: You ever say roll the baby? 543: Roll, roll the baby. Interviewer: Uh, I, I've heard different things, air the baby, gonna ride the baby buggy, gonna roll the baby. 543: Well, mostly ride the baby down the ride, that's what most you know, most, ride it down, through there, yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, before it can walk, the baby will get on the floor and do what? 543: Crawl. Interviewer: Pretty fast. 543: Crawl, yes sir, yes sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: Okay, and uh, different parts of uh Of the body, anything that you can remember, that they used to say. Uh, for example this part. How did they use to refer to that? 543: The, throat? Interviewer: Well yes. Do you remember, anybody ever saying goozle? For that part? They ever say goozle? 543: Goozle. Of course, yes sir, that's goozle, yes, they'd mostly call that a goozle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's what I'm interested in, any, any terms that are, words like that. 543: #1 Yes sir, yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Remember that, {X} # 543: Yeah I remember that's the goozle. Interviewer: Did they, what did they call this up here? 543: Your forehead. Interviewer: Uh-huh And, any special name for this? 543: The hair? Interviewer: And if somebody, somebody maybe your grandfather had a big A lot of these whiskers grow. 543: They, they call them whiskers. Mustache Interviewer: Mustache? 543: Mustache? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh And would they ever say beard or, 543: Some folks would call them beards you know, but most of them would call them mustache? #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Uh-huh. And uh. Um, this would be my, 543: Ear. Interviewer: Which one? 543: The left. Interviewer: And this would be my. 543: Right ear. Yeah. Interviewer: And uh, this part, 543: Would be your mouth. Interviewer: And you say the goozle was, 543: The goozle's down here. Interviewer: Just this one. Bony part. 543: Yeah, that's right, that bone part, that's that goozle. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And this part here would be, 543: Neck. Interviewer: And you say you had one? 543: Tooth. Interviewer: But, two. 543: Teeth. Interviewer: Did you ever call this t- 543: Eye teeth, eye tooth, yes, eye tooth. Interviewer: And uh, underneath, the uh teeth, you have the red part. 543: Uh What is that that that's Gum. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just uh, take your time sir, if you can remember anything anything that you used to call it. 543: Sure. Interviewer: Uh. And uh on your hand, this part. 543: Is the palm of your hand. Interviewer: And uh, you have one. 543: Fist. Interviewer: But two. 543: Fist. Interviewer: Okay. 543: Two fist. Interviewer: And uh, uh, anything, any place where you. Might get arthritis, you call that a what? 543: Your knee. In the knee. Interviewer: Okay, and the thing that forms, your, the knee is one of this. 543: Call it what, a muscle. Interviewer: Okay, and anything moves, 543: The leader, the leader. Jerk. Interviewer: Okay, and uh {NW} This part of a man's body. 543: Is his breast. Interviewer: And uh, you've got one whole. 543: {D: liter} {D: whole muscle} Interviewer: And you have this whole thing. 543: Uh, fingers Interviewer: Okay, and uh the whole thing. 543: Would be your hand. #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Did you ever call, did you ever hear people calling them anything else? 543: The hand. Interviewer: Say, let's see your Sometimes there's somebody said They might call them, your mitts. 543: Oh, mitten, No mitten, no mitts. Interviewer: Uh Different words 543: Oh we had a say, yes sir. Interviewer: Um Okay, and this whole thing. 543: The leg. Interviewer: Did uh, would, when you were young, uh did you refer to a woman's leg, or would you likely say, that's, that's, her limb. 543: Limb, well, we would, we would just, we would say leg. Leg, yeah, that's that's what we, yes sir, her leg. Interviewer: Do you think a limb, why do people say limbs? 543: Well, That that's what they've been taught politely Interviewer: I see. 543: About the limbs. Interviewer: I see. 543: Uh Course, that's what they did teaching them now, you know the limbs you know. {NS} and this one body. {X} the limbs and the {X} {NW} that body Interviewer: I see. 543: But back that end we just said leg, that's right yes sir. Interviewer: And then you'd have one. 543: Foot. Interviewer: But two. 543: {NS} Two foots. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh this part where it hurts if you get kicked? 543: Oh man {NW} I can feel mine hurting now, that there leg bone. Yes sir. Interviewer: Do, did people use to call that shanks or what? 543: Shank, I. Interviewer: Or shin or. 543: Shank bone Uh mostly we just call it leg back at end, leg. Interviewer: Leg bone? 543: Yes sir, and this thigh bone, thigh. Interviewer: And if a man would get down, Like this, {NS} To talk to another man, you say he's down on his, what? 543: Hunkers. Interviewer: I see, and he'd say well he's hunkering. 543: Hunkering down, yes sir, that's right, that's right, yes sir. Interviewer: Okay, and uh. Then uh, more questions about just ordinary life uh People I'm sure got sick in those days, would you tell me something about uh um how you would describe their, Uh What they would get sick from and what you do for it and so on? Any recollections that you have. 543: #1 Yes sir, of course such as having a # Interviewer: #2 {D: doctors and hospitals} # 543: No, we didn't have too much hospitals then. We just doctor it at home. Course we had little doctors out in the rural you know. Ride their horses, buggy yes and come out and give you some salt or something or other We'd have the flu you know, and they'd come out and give us some, I don't know what kind of medicine, something tastes like salt, and come back in a few days. Just Interviewer: Suppose somebody, uh had been feeling okay, but at night Got suddenly, needed a doctor, you'd say, well, I don't know what's the matter, all the sudden he, what? 543: He sick. Took bad sick. Interviewer: Bad sick. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And {NW} The next day, you'd say, well how are you? And uh, the person might say, what? 543: He's, he's better? Interviewer: I'm feeling. 543: Pretty well. Interviewer: Pretty well? 543: Prett- well see, pretty well the next day. Interviewer: And uh, the doctor might say, well, you're uh You're doing much better, so there's nothing to, what? 543: Nothing to just, just wait, you'll get well. Interviewer: And you ever say now, don't worry. 543: Yeah, don't worry about it, you'll get well, gotta help 'em feel better. Interviewer: What did people used to uh smoke in the old days? 543: We, we smoked a lot of rabbit tobacco. Interviewer: Is that right? 543: Yes sir. You know what they call rabbit tobacco. Interviewer: No I don't. 543: Something grew out on the little stalks out wide you know, we'd get it and dry, and grind it up and smoke it. Of course and we used to smoke old {D: pot cob} pipes you know, homemade cob pipes. Get us old corn cobs, take a knife, and scrape it out so about the size of a {D: corn on a pipe}. Get us old cane that grew out wild, cane, cut ourself a giant {D: long} bore a little hole in that cob just like a pipe. And we'd smoke it. Interviewer: Did uh, did you have a chance to buy things to smoke, like they do now? 543: Not too much, no sir. Interviewer: How much did it cost? I wonder 543: Ah you could get a big old sack if you were able to get tobacco, I mean money. You could get a big old sack for a nickel or ten cents for a great big old sack of tobacco. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: But the thing is uh, the thing is made made up already? 543: Cigarettes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and- 543: Cigars. Interviewer: Cigars? 543: We didn't do too much of that, no sir cause wasn't able to buy 'em. And they wouldn't sell many of that, no sir. Interviewer: I suppose they're pretty expensive. 543: Well yes sir, yes sir, uh. Interviewer: The cigars in the old days used to be uh, for bankers only. Interviewer: And if uh, somebody uh, Couldn't hear, you'd say, well, he's stone. 543: Deaf. Interviewer: Uh-huh, that's uh. 543: Deaf. Interviewer: They didn't have any hearing aids or anything, you just, 543: No sir, this-this-this-that's just all, this. Interviewer: Suppose uh, somebody went hunting and uh, {C: distorted} {C: audio cut off} Got shot, accidentally. {C: distorted} {NW} What would you call a place, say a, bullet went through his arm. {C: distorted} Say well that's, he's got a big, ugly. What? 543: Hole of {D: sow}? {D: Sow}, hole, shot in it. {NS: loud rumble} Interviewer: Okay uh, and and, to heal, you'd say, well that, that hole or that. What would you call that? 543: {NW} Heal on up? Interviewer: Uh-huh a uh, would you call it a wound or a {X} or? 543: I {D:just say}, we would call back then just a sow, that sow, where you got shot {D: heal up} {C: distorted} Interviewer: If it didn't heal, {C: distorted} Right away, and I guess Old skin around it uh, what would you call that skin? 543: Well we'd just call that's uh dead skin, is you know, is uh peeling off {X} around there you know, We just call it this this dead skin is not healing up you know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody call it proud flesh? 543: I might have did, but we just mostly back that end call it {X} New names, you got lately. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # dead skin. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, you didn't have anything to put on it, did you, or did you? 543: Well, just nothing but there's something we uh, made, you know maybe put a little grease and something like that on it. Or maybe, sometime put a little, drop or two, just something {D: with weakness in it} A little grease, uh maybe make up a little grease something, uh lard, or Something like that, and put a little soda, a drop or two of turpentine or something little to make it, Interviewer: Oh I see. 543: Put that on there like that there. Interviewer: Uh, you have turpentine, but you wouldn't have uh, anything like uh, they have now to {X} 543: Nothing, no sir, no sir, no sir nothing. Interviewer: What, what uh, what did you use for your children when they were coming along? 543: Uh, own {D: sows} anyway, something while where we takes uh a little lard, and kelp, and turpentine, or something like that and mix it up. And make a salve and put on that you know. Interviewer: Did you ever have any iodine or? 543: Nothing, no sir, no sir, that wasn't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: If it was made, we didn't get a chance to get it- Interviewer: I see. 543: No sir. Interviewer: Suppose you had a, a small pimple, say on your face or on your arm, and it got to be real big, you'd, what would you call that? 543: Well we'd call that a ringworm. Interviewer: I see. And if it was more of a pimple, and it swelled up, what would you call that? 543: Well sometime, you know, woulda, maybe call it a wart. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Look like sometimes it maybe that's what we'd call that a wart, on there you know. Interviewer: And if it got red uh. 543: #1 Well I tell you, if it got red again, # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: We just take some caster oil and grease that good, and it would disappear. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, 543: Course, I, back that end, probably I don't know what they call them now, {D: councils} or what they would be, we didn't have them back then too much. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, did you ever have pimples that got infected? 543: Not too much. Interviewer: Especially children I think sometimes would have pimples and they get infected and they get real big. I was wondering what you call them. 543: Ah let's see. Interviewer: If they were full of something, you have to pinch them. Uh {X} Do you remember that at all? 543: {D: crow's eye}. {NW} {X} Rises Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: That's what we would #1 call them # Interviewer: #2 I see # 543: rises Interviewer: Now today they call them mostly, what? Instead of rising they say. Boils? 543: Boils. Of course, yes sir we- we would, we would have some boils, right. That's right. Interviewer: Now, is a boil the same as a rising? 543: Well almost {X} you know, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: What would you call that stuff inside that was inside? 543: We'd call it corruption. Interviewer: Corruption. {NW} 543: Corruption. Interviewer: And uh, if you uh, rubbed a place, and your foot um, Shoes didn't fit. What would you get on sore place on your foot, what would you call that? 543: A sole, we would call it a, {C: muttering} Interviewer: A real rough place on your foot. 543: Well mostly we'd just call it a rubbed sole on the foot. Interviewer: Uh-huh And that would be full of what? 543: Corruption. Interviewer: Uh, or. 543: Uh. Interviewer: Water or something? 543: Yes sir, that's right. {C: muttering} We'd call, still call that. My corruption is white. The infected is something. Interviewer: Uh, if you had just a, a {D:rupture}, though it wouldn't necessarily be infected, it might be a, Just some water underneath there, 543: #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever hear that called humor? # Humor? 543: No sir, we didn't. Interviewer: Not sure what that means but uh. 543: Sure, we didn't call that {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh And uh, people get older, we call it arthritis nowadays, but what did people use to call it? 543: Uh Rheumatism. #1 Rheumatism, yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Rheumatism, uh-huh. # And uh, did children have much trouble with uh very sore throats? 543: Yes sir, they had uh trouble with sore throats {X} Interviewer: And even die from, from them. 543: Yes sir. That's right. Interviewer: What did that, what would you call that disease? 543: Uh, Well. I just remember never to call it. {D: Call it sometime, call it scrap throat now but.} Interviewer: Does uh, diphtheria. 543: I believe it was a diphtheria. I remember several children That's what it was, wasn't it. Interviewer: With children uh, get very sore. 543: Right, that's right, yes sir. #1 {D: in theory} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # They might die. 543: Yes sir, yes sir, I remember now {X} Several died back over there you know when they, this- Interviewer: They give shots for it now so #1 Oh yeah, yes sir, yes sir, sure # 543: #2 {X} # Yes sir. Interviewer: I know when I was a boy, that was a real. {NS} 543: Yes sir, I remember one family where they had three small children died in one family. This, they call it the diphtheria, you know what, throat swelling and all. {D: Who} didn't have doctors like they got now, nothing. Interviewer: Kind of sad thing you see children suffer #1 Right, right, yes sir, yes sir. # 543: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And uh When you have a liver disease, what would that turn, cause you to have? Your eyes might turn real yellow. 543: Yeah, uh, diphther- was that? No I think it was diphtheria. {X} Interviewer: {D: Is it jaundice?} 543: Oh, well. {X} too much you know it is a Course, You think back in our time we didn't, some would, some would die you know and we just wouldn't know what it was. Of course. I've seen people like that. But I wouldn't know what it was back yonder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, what did you use to, as a boy, {NS} Say you ate your supper and you got sick and it came back, how would you describe that? 543: We call it {C: laughing}. We uh, uh pu- puke. Interviewer: Puked? Uh-huh And if somebody uh wanted to make a joke about it, what would you call it? 543: Oh uh, it Interviewer: Same thing? 543: Yes sir it's about the same thing, of course you just, We puked. Interviewer: And uh, uh, say well, you puked, you must uh what? #1 Ate too much. # 543: #2 {X} stomach. # That's it, yes sir, ate too much. {X} Upsetting you know, cause they have a soft stomach. Interviewer: And you'd say, well you must be sick, what? 543: Sick at stomach? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh In the old days, we call it appendicitis, now if you had a pain down here, what did you use to call it, do you remember? Uh 543: Well back yonder then, we wouldn't, we would've found we, we, we just didn't know too much about that. Interviewer: Maybe you called it uh, Did, did you have that word appendix, uh? 543: Well I believe it did back yonder, several years ago they called it a {D: penicide}. And and it's from eating blackberries, and blackberry seeds got in their appendix or something other, you know like that, inside of there, and that's what they would... And sometime they would put a ice bag to it you know and remove it and have it they have it you know. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: But uh, either you You got well or it was too bad. 543: Well, right yes sir, yes sir that's it, that's it, this, Interviewer: Alright 543: yes sir. Interviewer: How about uh, um Colds and sneezing and all that, uh you'd say, did you have much of that? 543: Yes sir, {X} Sneezing. Interviewer: How would you uh, How would it come about, uh, what would cause it? 543: Well they said you know from uh, you know, exposure, and turning you know, maybe getting wet or something or other you know, and of course uh You know, takes some uh {NW} Well you take {D: back that end} why they would uh, Get some tar, mm- homemade tar, get some rich pine. Pine wood and uh put it in a hole, And put a fire under it and burn it, let that tar drip down and get that tar. And uh, we'd put it in some water and drank that for that bad cold. Interviewer: Oh you would? 543: Oh yes sir, it's good for it too, yes sir, that's right. And I know {D: that back that end} that tar was real good you know and all, and uh. And the {D: stock} that we would get you know and it did have a {D: stample} or something like that where my daddy would get that tar and pour in them feathers, get some chicken feathers and pour it on there. Set the fire, let it burn, just smoke, {NW} I want some fire coal, put that tar in that steamer. Of course sir, that would be good for the children, of course they could smell it that bucket before he had that in a wooden bucket. Of course that would loosen that coal up you know, and breathe in hits you know. Interviewer: #1 It was good. Right! Yes sir, yes sir, that's right. # 543: #2 Oh you breathe it up. Uh-huh # Interviewer: And uh If coal affected your voice, you say, well, he's, he's what? {C: creepy voice} He would talk like it. 543: {X} Yes, right, yes sir. Interviewer: How, how would you describe that? 543: Well, of course you know, get that way you know uh, they would uh put uh a few drops of turpentine and some water. And um uh, maybe drink some that and uh gargle their throat with salt. Interviewer: Mm turpentine. 543: Yes sir, right, turpentine are real good you know. Interviewer: And uh You say the coal must have made him Sound real, 543: Yes sir, get him a sore throat and all, that's what we'd call it. Interviewer: So it's uh hoarse? 543: Yeah, were there {D: hoarses} {X} Right, they call that the {D: steble} or the {D: horse hair.} Interviewer: Oh 543: Oh yes sir, {D: their's throat} would swell up you know and {X} Uh, just started as a bad cold, they cough and go home you know. Some of them die if you didn't do nothing for them, they would. Interviewer: I see. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And the uh # The feathers and the turpentine would make uh, 543: Ye- yes sir, that's it, feathers and turpentine and that tar all together burning {X} Hold it in their mouth you know, when they breathe it in their throat and their you know, nose. And then they'd blow that out and just cut it out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir, {D: it'd good}. Interviewer: That's for {D: stembles}. 543: Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, somebody would have, have it out of his head, out of his throat, and then it'll settle in his chest, #1 Yes sir, right right. # 543: #2 what would you call that? # Uh we'd call that the {D:pneumonia}. Interviewer: I see. And uh, uh, could you get When you would strain to get something up, what would you call that? You say cough or what? 543: Cough. Coughing it. Yes sir, oh yeah, course you have extreme coughing, yeah they call that coughing it, cough. Interviewer: And uh, if his throat got sore, that he couldn't eat, you say, he just can't... 543: Can't, can't swallow anything, that's that's right. Interviewer: And uh, did you ever use uh anything from the druggist or? 543: No sir, we didn't ever, back in them times we didn't do it no sir. They didn't get nothing from the drug. Interviewer: Did uh, people in town use anything like uh, oh something for malaria or anything like that? Quinine or? 543: Oh yes sir, that's right, they would take some quinine and uh use quinine for that too, of course a little quinine to help it, you know. Interviewer: But country people wouldn't. 543: No sir, they wouldn't, they wouldn't no sir, couldn't get to town, we out in the country. Interviewer: And if you're sick and uh {NW} have a fever, And a, your clothes just get wet, you say well he... He what? 543: Sweating a fever off. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Did any kind of medicine cause that or? 543: Uh #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Just, stay warm. # 543: Just stay warm mostly would be to {X} best for it You know, just cover up you know, good and dry. And of course you take back yonder olden time then, there's a little weed out there they call a golden rod. Oh boy, we would get that you know and gather it and put it wa- put it in water and brew the leaves of it you know and put it in water and drink that and that would cause you to sweat that fever off. That's good for it, you know, yes. Interviewer: Golden rod. 543: Yes, a golden rod, what we'd call it you know. Interviewer: And if a man didn't uh get well and he, he uh. He died, what, how would you, In the old days, what would you say about, how would you describe that? Uh. You might not say to his widow, I'm sorry to hear your husband died, you say, I'm sorry he, what? 543: He dead. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Dead, yes, I'm sorry he dead you know. Interviewer: And uh. Did you ever use any other words? Uh Without dead or die in them? 543: Oh I just mostly calls you lose your husband or something, or lose your. Interviewer: Pass? 543: Pass, right, yes it's called they lose them. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir, that's mostly it. Interviewer: And uh, suppose you didn't like the man uh, Say, well I hear old such and such. 543: He, he, he dead. Interviewer: Dead? 543: Dead. Interviewer: Did you ever hear, old such and such kicked the bucket? 543: That done kicked your bucket yes. So and so done kick your bucket. Kicking the bucket. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 543: Yes sir. Yes sir, that's-. Interviewer: And say, well, I don't know what he died uh. I heard he was sick but I don't know what he died... Died of or died from or what? 543: Don't know what ail-, what, what caused him you know. Don't know what killed him you know, don't know what he died of, from. Interviewer: And uh. Did uh, would you describe the, the funeral? Would you describe how you used to prepare the body and uh. And have the funeral and bury it, would you describe that? 543: Well, Interviewer: Could you remember it? 543: I remember back yonder, I {D: helped} make coffins. Bury men. I did it. Yes sir. We'd take a big wide plank of course and saw into it and saw into it until we could bend it and put hot water, boiling water on it, the wood would bend sort of like a coffin. Just like I said, we just gonna build a house and of course, we just, look it out you know and call, and and, yeah we takes. Maybe and put two planks together if it we didn't have plumb wide enough for you know, to lay 'em in. Of course, we would saw into that you know and sawed into it and pour hot water on that, boiling water. And we could bend it in you know, to sort of shape like a coffin. Interviewer: Oh I see. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And you just bend the uh, the plank. # 543: In, yeah. Interviewer: fourths 543: That's right, they bent it, yes sir that's right. {NW} Shape it sort of like a coffin you know. You sawing that, it's a piece the way the {D: whole head} would bend you know, so it's straight that way you know sawing that and then pour hot water on that {D: whole head would} bend in and not break. Yes sir, and make that coffin you know and get some black cloth and. {NW} Put, put, put, clo- black make black clothes and put on them you know. And of course {X} Church or have the funeral you know and set them up there you know and have their funeral. Preach about how they lived and all like that you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: How we miss 'em. Interviewer: Did the family uh, with the family would grieve wear black clothes? You'd say, well, they are, well they are in what? 543: In mourn, in mourn, we say yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, The uh, after the funeral, were, would you describe how they would go to the. 543: Yes sir, they, they would. {X} Let all the visitors pass by you know and open the box up where they could see 'em you know. Showing the last respect. All march around, you know, and let this family, the whole family, then let them march around and look at it you know. And all get around then and {X} Get on to the cemetery. Interviewer: And uh. Uh, did they bury the uh, at the cemetery, in front of the family, #1 Yes sir, they buried, right, no sir. # 543: #2 Or did the family leave? # Back that end, they would just bury 'em. They'd stay right there and bury 'em Interviewer: #1 I see # 543: #2 'til the last # covered up then, all march away, dismiss them. Interviewer: Okay, that's very interesting. Um, I'd like to ask you now other things about people uh. How you describe them uh, suppose somebody's uh, real strong and a lot of muscles and so on, how would you des- Describe say uh, In the old days Somebody, some young man growing up like that? He's gonna be mighty what? 543: Oh mighty stout you know and all, yes sir. Mighty strong, strong man. Interviewer: A lot of muscle. 543: Yes sir, all that big muscle and everything. Interviewer: And if somebody uh, is not so stout. And he worked hard, At the end of the day, he would be very, what? 543: Weak. Interviewer: He would be all, He might say you uh, I worked hard to day and I'm all, what? 543: {X} {NW} Yes sir. Tired. Interviewer: And uh, If uh, If he was worse than that, uh, I'm just, I'm just, I'm just, all what? 543: All nerves to give out. Or something else you know. Interviewer: Did you, you hear wore out? Worn out? 543: Wore out. Don't you ever say this? Wore out. In a day's work. Interviewer: And if somebody had been sick um. And you saw him on the streets, and he looked, he didn't look well. He's, he's out, but he doesn't look well, how would you describe him? 543: Well, {D: he's all} he looks bad. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: He looks pale and bad. Looks weak. Interviewer: Uh-huh, did you ever hear anybody say peaked? 543: Peaked, peakish. He look real peakish. Interviewer: That that, that means uh, weak. 543: Weak, weak, weak, weak, yes, and pale, like peakish. Interviewer: And a boy that's growing up. Too fast, and he grows, he shoots up and he doesn't know what to do with his arms. 543: Right, yes I've seen it. Interviewer: How do, how do you describe him? 543: Well he just uh, Out of fashion or something a little like that you know. {X} Interviewer: Kind of awkward? 543: Yeah, awkward, yes that's right, sure, yes sir. Interviewer: And if uh, some young girl is uh, Uh, real, full of life, uh, you say, well she's, she's what uh? {NS} 543: Well Back then we'd just call them, full of energy or too fast or something Interviewer: #1 like that # 543: #2 I see. # you know and all. Interviewer: And uh,if an older person, Say somebody in his eighties, Still gets around, uh you say, well he's mighty what? 543: Super, super, yes sir, super and uh. Lively or super and all. Interviewer: Uh. Okay, and uh. Somebody who smiles and laughs a lot and easy to get along with, you'd describe him as... 543: What, uh well I tell you what, we'd call it friendly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, Somebody who's just the opposite, that you tell him something and he just won't believe it. Won't change his mind, what would you call him?, 543: No sir, that's uh, oh, well what we'd call it ignorant. {NW} Interviewer: Say he's just uh, 543: Shh! Interviewer: {X} Or bull headed or? 543: Yes sir or uh, Rebellious or something now that they call it, you know, yes sir, just. Wanna have his way you know and. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Suppose you talk about some lady, who gets mad, awfully easy. You can hurt her feelings and she gets mad, what do you say? 543: You call that ha- hot tempered. Interviewer: Hot temper. 543: Hot tempered, yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh, somebody Some man uh if you just say the wrong thing to him, he's ready to fight, what do you call him? 543: Yes sir we'd call that hot tempered, just a hot tempered they wanna fight, it just, ain't right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you hear either of them called touches? 543: Touches, yes sir, that's right, Interviewer: #1 What is that? # 543: #2 call them # Touches. Touches. Well that's all I get, it's almost like catching up with somebody says something and you know they don't mean no harm or nothing you know. Why, or he just, touches him you know, just upset him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, and uh, 543: Just the least little thing is upsetting is touches. Interviewer: And you might say, somebody's about ready to get, lose his temper and fight #1 Right, right. # 543: #2 just about now, just what? # Interviewer: What would you say? 543: Well just be, be, take it easy, be quiet, don't. Interviewer: Calm down? 543: Yeah, right right, calm down, yes sir, yes. Interviewer: And uh. Somebody uh, Oh, {NW} Not uh, Dirty, but just uh, You know, has things all over, uh doesn't pick up things, how would you describe her? 543: Well, We would mostly say they filthy. Interviewer: I see. You know, uh. Especially if she leaves uh, Food, money, people could come in and steal it. Yes sir. You say, well, she should be less, what? 543: Look carelessly that has this careless we'd call it you know, carelessly. She should be more uh, you know uh. Strict about that you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, somebody who uh. Oh, it doesn't harm anybody but he's, he acts uh, he doesn't act just like other people. Say well he's he's a little, what? Uh. 543: {NW} He could call him, he- he's a little off. Interviewer: I see. 543: Off. {NS} Interviewer: Do uh, {D:when your own days}, do they ever call him a little queer? 543: #1 Oh yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, he's a, # Interviewer: #2 What, what does that? # 543: {D: Quirme} Well there's just something like that you know, a {D: quirme, quirme}. He just, you know, he don't act like other people you see. And so, we don't know how to handle them. Because you, might do something or say something to him he wouldn't like, you know, what is this. {D: quire} And so, we just don't know how to handle them, we just don't {X} have anything much to do with him because we don't know what, Would suit him and what would not. Interviewer: I see, uh, you wouldn't uh, That's not a bad thing or is it? 543: No sir, it's not a bad thing, you see, that's just his way you see, and so just have to. Interviewer: Learn to live with it. 543: That's right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And, {NW} If uh, A woman uh, Uh Is, is really concerned about her children, But she's too concerned, she's just always, what? Uh. 543: Well Always meddling you know. In their things and not doing what she ought to do. And, you know, leaving off something, uh. Oh and you know, that this, see this, don't do what she should do by the way she should do about it. Maybe she don't understand how and what's the best of what, and do things. Interviewer: If they're away from home, and she's uh, Real upset, you say, well now just calm down and don't be so, what? Uh. 543: So hot tempered or something like that. Interviewer: You ever say uneasy? 543: Oh yes sir, that's right, so. It happened to me the other day on the bus, must I tell that? Interviewer: Yeah, sure. 543: Well, I hauls all of them, you know. I said white and the black and the mix and the {X} good to 'em all I don't make no difference And so, one lady, she, told a little girl she, so tall, about ten years old. Stay at the the school and she'd pick her up. And take her to the doctor. Of course this child, during the day, had done forgotten. And I'm gonna tell you something about that, you learn how people's trying to raise the children, who is and who's not. When you haul a bunch of them out, and so, this little child come to me, she call me Mister. {B} Mister {B} Says oh I'm in trouble and crying. She said, I, when they, well see I'll pick you up before school. And got out of second {X} She says, I forgot, I forgot. {X} And I was supposed to get my mother to pick me up at the school. She says I'm in trouble and cried, I said honey don't cry, come, we come on. We went and call for her, but we couldn't find her she, you know, before school she's going here and there. And so we decided to {X} Oxford High School out here and going home, and she gonna come at the last place and pick up we thought. We got out to her home and she sitting there waiting on her you know, she gonna come on home. And I said, I said, Miss I said don't. Uh she's left a the high school. Said she oughta come on home! But then she got confused and we didn't know what to do, and she come on in and I said lay down, I said please don't whoop this child. I'm going to do this, I'm going to do that to this child, she oughta come on home after she left. She had no business forgetting. I said lady please don't do that. I said that child act like {X} She was crying and going on, say she's in trouble, I said that'd be something to {D: cheer her inch a while}. It would kill- what is happening or going on you know, and she smile and said well I'm gonna tell her. And so I said please don't, this time I said now she just forgot, and I said she is crying. I said I see you trying to raise your child you know. But, one of the next days and I asked the child did she whoop her and she said, no, she just. {NW} {X} But some of them don't care, they just, don't know how. Interviewer: But you put a good word in for her so. 543: Sure, sure, sure, that's right, yes sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: When you uh, would see a. A um. See somebody who gets along with everybody else, doesn't put on any airs. You'd say, well, she's, she's just real, what? 543: Shoot, I would, we could call her real nice. {D: amenable} Interviewer: And uh, did you call her common? 543: Common, right, yes sir, that's right, just common. Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody mean something bad when they say, well, she's, she's no good, she's common. 543: Yeah, well, I've heard them say it but, I don' know {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Ah, there seems to be two meanings for that uh I'm not sure. It's just as you say it, I'm not sure when, when it's bad. 543: Not unless you go through with them. Interviewer: Right, right. 543: Yes sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: You say your wife is Pentecostal, Are you also? 543: Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Uh, what are some of the other churches around here that are, Pretty strong? 543: Well It's a church up here, well. There's two more churches. Well, tell you what, it's, you know, we build churches, the same church out in the country about sixteen miles, same church up here you know. {NS} They're just to be handy, the same denomination. There's another one up here on the hill, about four and a half miles, other words right on the edge of town. It's the Pentecostal church, but, They believe in paying tithes, you understand what that intends? Interviewer: Ten. 543: Tenth of it, their earning. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 543: We don't, we free wheel Pentecostal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, I see. 543: There's the difference between Pentecostal churches. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, what are some of the other churches, different denominations? 543: Different denomina-? Oh yes sir, there's all about here, oh it's about this church over here on the hill. I reckon that and then a second Baptist church right there in town, you know. Interviewer: Is that the strongest church? 543: This Baptist church probably. It's got the, you mean the most members. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Right, Church of Christ over here did have a bunch of {D: steel gotta sell}. Members, Church of God and Christ. Church of Christ, {D: Just to Christ} That's what they did. Yes, they sell churches around you know. Presbyterian {X} Is about the second oldest, man there's a lot of churches. The strongest church in town mostly was a {X} Baptist church. I don't know what kind of baptist it is. {X} Right at the edge of town, probably. Well yes, {D: I had a corporation I think}. Old peoples in that church. Still bigger and building it bigger. That's the biggest church in town. Interviewer: And in the old days, would you describe uh, uh, something about how you become a member and? 543: Well just, now I tell you what, yes it's starting, or uh I used to be a Baptist. Raised up like that, close to the church about three miles from the church out there you know. Of course, that's where I first started out you know. Oh that was an old tiny church, maybe that's what used to be meant people would come We was talking about that the other day Twenty-two miles in a buggy, or horseback, come in have church and go back. {X} See that's kind of a neighborhood church you know and uh want to go to that church and we had kinfolks and. We used to live there and all {X} Church, you know, they'd come in. And that's a big church there you know, and it's a Baptist you know, and of course they preached it you know and all. And uh, the priest had to be baptized you know and join the church you know, in, in, you know. Quit uh doing bad things you know, don't gamble, don't, you know. Wasn't supposed to drink, you know, such as that, you see. And of course, that's the way we did. And we lived about three miles, we'd walk. And, two going to that church why, back in them times, we'd go in a wagon. We were happy to get to go to church in a wagon on a Sunday. We'd get them old mules up through the summer and get them up at you know after {D: it done got through laying by that crop}. Put them in a lock so we'd have them Sunday morning. Well, about a day or two before Sunday, we'd get that wagon wheel off and carry it down there to the creek and put it in the creek and let it swell tight 'til the tire won't come off it. You ride it to church, get back at the {D: party} on Sunday. Interviewer: I see, that's how you'd uh Uh, I'd like to ask you more about that and then we'll come back to the church services. Uh, why would you have to uh soak the wheel? 543: Well see, it's it's like a wagon, see we had a wagon, when we set them up you know we wouldn't be using them probably for a week you know, and that wood would shrink up. And that tire would, you know, going along over the road You know that tire would slip off. Interviewer: Ah, that's interesting. Uh, would you describe to me more about how a wheel was made for a wagon? Uh, you have the tire and then what would be under the tire? 543: That would be the, well they'd call it the felloe They would call it, be called a felloe. Interviewer: Now that's that wood. 543: That's right, that would be the felloe, right under that tire, and then the spokes would be spokes you know, hook into that felloe you see. Bore holes in that there thing you know and them spokes go in that felloe they call it, it'd be a wooden rim. You would cut that rim and angle the wooden beams around. And put them together about so far And and you know, you'd cut it to where it would be the tire would be so large you know, and when you first put them on there, they would uh, oh they got a outfit they'd lay 'em down and drive 'em on you know. Of course that wagon would hardly drive in three or four years after being pushed, make a wagon. But when they get old that way, then that there wood would shrink up you know. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. And that tire, just a steel tire on top of that you know to keep that wood, and hold that wood together you know. {X} As I said that wood would shrink up you know that tire would slip off you know. But we would take it and have it swell put that water in it and that wood would swell up tight where that wouldn't come off for several days. Interviewer: And then the spokes would come down and into a? 543: A hoop they call it. Interviewer: {X} 543: Yes sir, the hoop, that's right. Interviewer: That's wood? 543: Yeah, yes sir that's a wooden hoop around that. {X} had a little {X} To go round that to hold that together you see. It's made out in the little, Little places you know, little pieces of wood you know and if they have small little rim go that steel rim and hold it together. Alright, and then they got a hole in that you see, and that's steel, of course the factory made that you know. And they'd drive that up in there, good and tight, you know, and maybe put some glue around it you see. And then put that on the axle, on the axle you see, and just. Interviewer: How, how would you uh keep that from, from making a lot of noise, when you're not around? 543: Oh well, see, uh, now on that there in that hoop, it's a, something sort of like. Oh yes, a piece of iron. #1 Drove up in there. # Interviewer: #2 Drove it up? # 543: Well, let's see. Well I tell you it's sorta like this, You suck the {X} up in that hoop you know. Just drove up in that hoop. Alright, here's, here's, here's steel. Alright, then it's only in this axle. There's another, big, big piece of axle. Steel made of course you know, and it goes through there. It sticks out, and so it's gotta. Outfit made on it that's that's screw a nut on it you see. Real tight, well you put axle grease in the {X}. Some old grease you know. On that there axle you know, Ten or fifteen miles, something a little like. Interviewer: #1 Oh you would? # 543: #2 that. # Yes sir, got regular axle grease, pull that wheel off and put that on that. Oh man they'd run, don't make no racket at all, Interviewer: hmm 543: just run. Interviewer: You put uh, you'd put that much, that often? You'd have to. 543: Yes sir, we would put, yes that's right, put about oh, maybe two, About two big tablespoon full of that grease in there, you know, yes sir, it runs good. Interviewer: I was never aware of being, uh, I think it would squeak a lot, but that grease. 543: Oh, no, no sir, that grease, yes sir, if you didn't, you could hear {NW} Wail it out too and making it right. Interviewer: I suppose so. 543: Yes sir, oh yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, sure, sure. Interviewer: Where would you get the actual grease? 543: Oh in town. To the stores you know. Uh we'd get a box you know. It wouldn't cost much, about 25 cents. Oh it'd last. Oh using the wagon regularly, it would last uh three or four months. Interviewer: Hmm. 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: That's uh. 543: Yes sir, there's Interviewer: #1 I didn't # 543: #2 some more. # Interviewer: I never understood. 543: Yes sir, I see. Interviewer: And it's something else I see that people are gonna forget. 543: Oh man man! Interviewer: They'll never know. 543: No sir, no sir, that's right, sure. Interviewer: {X} 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Okay, well I, I'd like to ask you more about the church. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And then. # {X} Felt pretty lucky to be able to go to church in a wagon, right? 543: Right, oh man yes sir, yes sir. Walk with us, ride on the horse or something, mules. Interviewer: And uh, how would the church uh, how would the service go on, would you describe that? 543: Oh yes sir, of course we'd go to the church you know then, and of course uh. We'd have deacons. And then a bunch of members you know. Well we had the deacons, the deacons would you know open service you know. Well we'd go ahead that then and the deacon would sing a song at the beginning. And uh, then. One would get down and pray. Uh, they'd get up there, would kneel down on their knees and pray a prayer. And get up there and sing another big song you know. And another would get down and pray, about three prayers you know. And one at a time, that's the way we did it back then, the Baptists. And then get up and sing a song and then. Well, we'd turn to service then in the hands of the preacher. Then he'd get up and sing them a song you know, and take his text, whatever he wants to preach in the Bible you know. Well he'd preach then of course. People'd get happy sometimes and shout, and so when he's preaching and talking and telling the Bible, so we'd holler amen turn you know, yes sir. Interviewer: Would you call that uh, would you call the preaching, regular, you call it sermon? 543: Sermon! Yes sir, that's right, we'd call that a sermon, he preached a sermon. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh. Was somebody uh in, Uh Charge of the uh Who selected the people singing? Could you explain that? You'd say somebody would get up and sing a song. Uh, who told, who would select the man to sing? 543: Well, yes, we'd just take it on ourself, we just, officers we'd call it, you know, deacons or officers of course. We just, somebody would, have to start of course, need to start, and we just, well, it's time to start. And want to go to singing well, make some, we'd have to get down you know, and pray, why, make some get up then and #1 wanna dance and # Interviewer: #2 I see # 543: start a song. Some of the sisters over there, if they want to sing already, sing a song they actually want to sing a song You know, and they lead a song and everybody sang you know. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh, when you were a boy, is that about the only music you heard? 543: Yes sir, it's about all the music you would have heard then, that's right, yes sir. Interviewer: Must have been, must have sounded real, 543: {X} {X} Right, right, yes sir, enjoyed it back that end because it's all we know. Yes sir. Interviewer: I see. It's fine, I suppose it was really beautiful. 543: Yes sir, that's back there in that time. Well, and then after growing up back to Pentecostals. After growing on up. And we got around and had to make Course somebody else did what started out this other way. Like the Pentecostal. And they thought they didn't know more about the Bible than the Baptist people did, I was Baptists back that end. This missionary Baptists. And now then, this Pentecostal is, is. {X} This, uh, side of, this holiness you call it you know. After Jesus come, this Pentecostal come in you see after he died. This Pentecostal come in and and said now we call it the Pentecostal. And that is what happened on the day of Pentecost back yonder when you know, the time will it come. That uh, Well, the way we got it now, we seen it all, we back on the law then. back yonder the Baptist and the first people come up they're supposed to pay the tithe then. Course the Baptist wasn't teaching it then, but some of them- after a while some of them went to teaching that you're supposed to pay And supposed to live by it you know And not do cook or do nothing on the Sunday because you're living under the law. And by the law. And of course a lot of men they wouldn't even cook on a Sunday Back then because they was obeying the law and everything good #1 You know, they obeyed it. # Interviewer: #2 Pretty strict? # 543: Right, right, right, that's right. But now, half the, after we said. Jesus died. Well, he, he, he changed that up, you not suppo- you know when he supposed to live by that. Back yonder {X} paying them tithes. {X} one thing and another and everything. But he'd done away with that, and so now you just supposed to live just live by the word, you know. Do what the word said do and uh, uh you know. Not have to pay all this stuff you know, not have to pay you know. Back there you had to pay a tenth of your earning you know, bring that up and pay it. {X} And back then. But after he died it went away you know, he said you know, he'd done away with that there {X} Course, some folks said no, they still holding on to it, of course, we don't. We, we say he'd done away with it, and now we just pay the free will. We had free will. Pay what, you know, you're able of, what you want to pay you know. Interviewer: Do you call that uh, dues or what? 543: Due- due. Interviewer: And how do you uh, is it dues or offerings? 543: No sir, no sir, no sir, free, free, we have offering. This was never, I I wanna pay I'll feel like paying you know, well I just pay that. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Now then, the people who tithed, do they have to pay? 543: Yes sir, paid a tenth of their earning. Interviewer: And do they call that dues? 543: Yes sir, right, right, right, that's right. #1 They'd pay a tenth. # Interviewer: #2 If somebody, # Come to you and say you better, you have to pay your? 543: Yeah, right, right, yes sir, {X} And sometimes most of the time they got a box there. You bring up your tenth of your earnings you know, and put it in that box, and then after the service over then preacher gets it and puts it away. Interviewer: I see. So uh, 543: #1 We are not that # Interviewer: #2 You were already expected to # That church really expects people to? 543: Yes sir, that's what they do, do, do like that you know and all. And so I asked what we said, we don't do it. We just, well we was able to do that, we were able to pay this and that and all, we'll, we'll pay it. Just and use it for the church purpose and things you know. Interviewer: Would uh, I'm interested in the kind of expressions people might used to use. Suppose the wagon broke down, and uh, you've, you'd have to fix it you know, and. {NW} And you knew, it took a lot of time. How would you say that? Uh church would be over before. 543: Well, I see what you mean exactly. here comes some more friends coming along. Of course leave out in time to be there maybe if something happened, you know we'd have time to get there of course. Well uh, here comes some more friends along, we'd get in the wagon and go on along with us. Well maybe that man may lose a little, most of his service you know trying to get his wagon fixed to get the family back you know. They'd just get in that that wagon you know and go on to church and have their service. Interviewer: I see. 543: {X} We wouldn't pass one another like we don't see 'em, no. Interviewer: I see. 543: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: How would people uh refer to. To uh, the enemy of God? The opposite of God? Devil or. How, would they say the devil or what uh? How would people uh, refer to that? 543: Yes sir, of course we said you know, that the devil was you know, he's in hell down yonder. Interviewer: mm 543: And there's a heaven up yonder. And if God, if you do like God, say do you know like he said want you to do and everything, you know, when you die you will go to heaven. But if you don't, and be mean and bad and everything of course you know, that's, that's the devil's peoples you know. And you must obey the word of God to you know, go to heaven. Interviewer: And, who is it uh, you wanna, just to kind of uh. Play a joke or be funny, you didn't mean it. Suppose you wanted to uh. Caution a child. Said, now you'd better be good or what will get you? 543: The devil will get you. Interviewer: The devil will get you? 543: Devil will get you. Interviewer: They ever say any, did they ever any other words for the devil? 543: {X} Well I tell you what, people back then, they said old boogerman. #1 They call him boogerman, that's right. Old booger- # Interviewer: #2 Boogerman? Uh-huh, I see, I see. # 543: man'll get you. Interviewer: Do you ever, do you ever hear uh, old hairy? 543: #1 Not too much. # Interviewer: #2 Or Old Scratch? # 543: {NW} Old Scratch'll get you, yes sir, Old Scratch'll get you Sure that's right. Yes sir, that Old Scratch. Interviewer: Suppose uh, that you went by a house where uh, very peculiar things, spirits and things seem to to be? Uh, you remember that uh at all? 543: I'm so scared I couldn't. {NW} Yes sir that's right, and it used to be when I can't hear it people say there's never been but there's used to be haints. Interviewer: Is that right? 543: Hai{D: -nts!} Interviewer: Would you, would you recall uh. Anything you remember about that when you were a boy? 543: Yes sir, I tell you what. I, I was scared, I was scared, I was scared to get out you know, because hither be haints you know, and it dark out, I wanted to be at home. Yes sir, and out to places where people say so-and-so got killed. {D: Oh we groaning and get these shear pains} and see the lights. And I I remember, we uh, was going to church one night. And oh they would said it were hainted you know, along the road this old place where they would call it a hainted place. We run, run on that and we children sitting down in the back end of the wagon, that's why we go at night you see. They put us closer, in the day time they let us sit up on planks across the wagon. Wanna see But at night you know, why we'd get sleepy sort of and nod you know of course and they'd put us in a quilt down in the back end of the wagon you know, and let us ride back in so we can sleep and lay down in it. Go along at one night you know, along in that wagon, jumped over and rolled over a dog and he hollered like a dog you know. And a loader was on there, it couldn't kept him from killing a dog, but it'd be having {X} went back the next day and they see nothing, no dog, nowhere around there, nothing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: People seen lights out there you know. {X} And so, they thought that this used to be something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir, we call it haints. Interviewer: I've heard uh, Other people tell me that uh, That they may not exactly believe in it, but they do remember uh, smelling ghosts, and hearing things? 543: Yes, right, right, right, that's right. Interviewer: {X} 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: {D: Where there be no lights} It'd be all dark. 543: Oh yes sir, sure, dark. {X} Yes sir, yes sir. And we went along that and we'd get a sheer thing dragging along side the wagon. Sheer dragging along the way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, would those things be uh, those haints, would they be, part of the devil or? 543: Well that's what we said, the devil's imps or something like that. #1 Yeah that's what they, right you know, call it the devil's imps you know, the devil's spirit, yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Would they? # I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh. Well, I, I know it's not uh. Not supposed to be uh anything to it but uh, there, there. We talk, we've got UFO's now. {D: Who you're famous}. And a lot of people have seen them. 543: Yes sir, yes sir, sure. Interviewer: So you begin to wonder whether really. {NW} 543: Yes sir, that's right. Interviewer: Whether it's wise to laugh at those things or not, 543: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 There might be something to them. # 543: Of course now I'm gonna tell you I believe more in them things now than I read a little bit in the Bible but I can't tell this {X} right now but anyway, about these sheer things, all them things are supposed to be seen. They gonna be seen. All of their lights, and push one thing in another in the elements and all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Well, anyway I'm gonna {X} like this. It's, it's like before the end of the time. Course, I don't know when the end of the times will be yet. A lot of these here signs that you see, it you know, it spoke about the would be. I don't know how you manage them or what. What they gonna bring about. But but that there's something. Interviewer: They're signs of, 543: #1 Yes right, right, right, yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Something. # Well there's, they seem to be around so. Uh, must be something to them. 543: Right. Interviewer: Too many people have seen them. 543: Sure, sure, yes sir, yes sir, that is right. Interviewer: Uh, when you were a boy, and you'd go into town. I'd like to know more about that uh, would you describe the different places you go and. And uh. What you do when somebody would go to town. Would you describe that please? 543: Yes sir. {X} We out in the country and that way you know and all, we get in the wagon and go to town. You know, we'd get up before day. Oh, feed them horses and get up that wagon before day. We'd get up there you know, be up there by daylight. Then we'd get to walking around trading and hunting shoes and cheap shoes to put on the children and everything and all. And then most of the time. My daddy and them would wa- drive up in the wagon and hitch the tent and of course. that was here at Oxford That's why they call it and uh in the tent and hitch it to a chain around the court house. And there used to be a chain that you drive up and hitch to that, but we children stay in the wagon. And then maybe bring us a, apple or orange or something off, the wagon. Get us some water out of the wa- tank around then, drink it man we'd just have to stand there, get around, get us some shoes and stuff for clothes and all. And and bring them and put them in the wagon. Interviewer: And what kind of uh places would you have at Oxford in those days uh? Would you uh, remember the different places of business? 543: Yes sir, one place is. One place around here must be Johnny. {B} Oh he had a big store yonder. And so, he'd sell this little of everything you know, clothes, shoes, something to eat, and everything in that store there you know. And uh. Wait now, what did that man over yonder name? Ooh. Mr Sam {B} He had a store called Mr Joe {B} He had a big store. And then {B} Over here. They had a big store there. Interviewer: These uh, sold mostly clothes? 543: Well, everything, you know. They just you see had everything in them big stores. There's a big store, you know they had this, little of everything, they could dry goods, grocer, Interviewer: {X} 543: hardware, and all such as that, yes. Me and my daddy now, I I said to call this big place and you see this big place right down here? This antique place. Interviewer: This side of the courthouse? 543: It's a new place, but a eating place now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Well, that's, that's the grandson, Mr Johnny. {B} Interviewer: Oh, is that right? 543: I look at it and think about, it used to be a gin there, ooh that's where we brought our Cotton and Gin from way out. Out in the country you know, on the wagons. Course, that, that was uh, oh I don't know just what year that was in. But several years ago. Because they used to have a, I've been going way back too far, back yonder they had no wagon, Back old gins back yonder, you put the mules to back yonder, it used to be way back yonder. When I was a boy then. {X} Move it on up, and then they had this big gin here. It's in Oxford here you know, these here big stores and all. Mister Johnny. {B} And he handed it down to his son. And then his son passed on and he handed on down to his daughter. And that's, that's what that place is there. But them. {B} They died out. And it changed over to other people's hands. Interviewer: The um. Would you uh, describe any of the other buildings around uh that you have. Uh, do you remember that colonial uh. 543: Hotel? Interviewer: Hotel. 543: Yeah, right, yes sir, that's a big, fine place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir, that's right. Interviewer: They're rebuilding it now uh. Aren't they? 543: Oh yes sir, right, right, sure, sure. Interviewer: Are they gonna make a hotel out of it? 543: I don't know just what they gonna do you know with that. Interviewer: A lot of work there. 543: Yes sir, a lot of work there you know yes sir. Of course you take upstairs and downstairs and there's one lawyer right there. And one {X} where they done got finished there. But I guess they were. I don't know what they gonna use it for next time, but you know when they get it fixed. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And. # Did they have a library in those days or? 543: Not back that end, not back in the, way back yonder. {X} Way after awhile They begin to have a little room in the courthouse over here. Interviewer: Oh they did? 543: Yes sir. Small little room over there for the library. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes and then finally they build this one over here. Interviewer: I see, and uh and uh. The uh post office, do you remember that? 543: Yes sir, the big post office here. {X} Interviewer: That's a big one uh, big building I heard. 543: Yes sir, that that old post office. Interviewer: Yes uh. 543: And I see they would-they- they gonna build a new one down here. Interviewer: Uh it's much smaller in that new building. 543: Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Who built that old building, is that uh? 543: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: {C: Name?} Interviewer: Is it uh? 543: Building, you know, yes sir. Interviewer: And the money came from uh, the state or uh? 543: State and, different parties you know. State and federal, was it federal? #1 I don't know exactly just why they'd. Yes sir, # Interviewer: #2 That's all federal. # 543: {X} It's all federal. Interviewer: It is. 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Yes. Interviewer: I see. Well then, where is the. None of the county offices are down there in the new building, they're all? 543: No sir, they they they I tell you, the county. It is part of the county down there. {X} Rented these offices. Interviewer: Oh I see. 543: Yes sir. It's the federal building, whole federal building, but they rented it you know, the county rented it, offices. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir you've met on the counter agent and Uh, the farce First one, office, lots of offices there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh, did you have any place to uh. Did people have a place to go to see plays or uh? 543: Well, not way back yonder. In our time, in my boy's time, we didn't have. But after got up A few years ago they begin to have a theaters down here. Interviewer: {X} 543: Yes sir, two theaters down here in time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, they didn't have a hospital. 543: No sir. Interviewer: But how long have they had one? 543: Well they, well I tell you what, they. Well, that, them them um hospital is pretty old. Interviewer: Are they? 543: Uh-uh, they did have two here. Doctor {B} He had a big hospital down here, pretty good size hospital. And then uh doctor. {B} He had a hospital right over here. They tearing his down cause they. After I don't know, a few years ago, they begin to They did. They got it up to build a you know, a big one down here. The county hospital. Build a new one down there. And then they, they had to go out of business. Interviewer: Oh I see. 543: Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Uh, did uh, you remember uh travel by train at all, did you have a? 543: Yes sir that's right, that's right, sure, I made it down there and haul fertilizer off the train that they brought in for the farm you know, and everything. Interviewer: Did they have passengers? 543: Yes sir, there used to be a passenger train coming through you know. Interviewer: Oh they did? 543: Yes sir, that's right, right down here. Interviewer: Where was that at that uh, out by the university? 543: Yes sir right, that's right yes sir. Interviewer: Oh is that right? 543: Yes sir, yes sir, that's right I mean they just. Interviewer: Did they have a place uh? A waiting room? 543: Yes sir, right, right, yes sir, little old place down there yes sir. Oh yeah it was, it was nice back yonder. Business business place down there. Yes it's a depot you know we call it. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh, was that the Illinois Central? 543: Yes sir, right, that's where you'd come through that's right, yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Well that's uh, suppose you have a corner, and you had two stores. One on this side and one on that side. You say this store is, what? Across the street. 543: Cross the street, that's right. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 543: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And you say kitty corner or? 543: I'd call it the England cross there. Interviewer: #1 Call it England cross the street. # 543: #2 What would you call them. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Some people uh have told me they call it cattywampus or kitty corner or. # 543: Well of course they would, you take {X} Back yonder they would call it ca- catty corner cross, that's not straight cross. Catty corner. Interviewer: Mm I see. 543: Catty corner. Interviewer: Catty corner. 543: Catty corner cross you know. Interviewer: That's why. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Was wondering uh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Okay, and and uh. If you uh, say you haul fertilizer from the station or from the railroad on there. Uh, suppose you uh, you put it in your wagon. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Um. Suppose you had a sack that was so big that you uh. Was hard for you to pick it up and get it to the wagon, you say, I can hardly, what? 543: You can hardly pick it up. Interviewer: And. 543: Hardly, surely. Interviewer: I see, did you ever say lug it? Uh. 543: Not back that end no. I guess we uh, we you know we just couldn't hit this flat back that end you know. Course, come down now and Call it different. Say hardly lug it up or something. Interviewer: You could hardly tote it? 543: Yes I can hardly tote it. Interviewer: Did they say tote? 543: Tote, tote, tote, that's right, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: And uh, if a uh {NW} Merchant sells you something and you say I don't know how this is very cheap. And you say, I don't know how he, how he does that, must be below, what? 543: Cost. Below cost, yes sir. Interviewer: Um. Say if he keeps on selling uh, at a. He's gonna go bankrupt if he sells at a, what? 543: He gonna go go busted. Go, go broke. #1 Gonna go broke, yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Sells at a loss? # 543: Yes sir, yes sir, that's right so. {X} Interviewer: And, but if somebody charges too much, you say, well, he's uh. He what uh? 543: He He's overcharging it or something like, yes sir. He's charging me too much, he's overcharging it. Interviewer: And you say, no I can't buy that, it, what? You tell him, no I can't buy this, what? 543: It's too high. Interviewer: Cost. 543: Cost too much, yes sir. Cost, yes it's too high, cost too much. Interviewer: When somebody uh, would, Have a bill, at a grocery say, Uh, the bill would, would uh, you have to pay it the first of the month. Is that right? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And you say, that the merchant says, well now, the first of the month, that bill is what? 543: Due. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: When you paid it, Would he give you something extra, to show you that he appreciated it? 543: Well, no sir. Interviewer: He wouldn't? 543: No sir, no. Well, I tell you what, back yonder. Well you you mean back yonder olden times? Interviewer: Right. 543: Of course yes sir, yes sir, right now, yes sir, that's right yes sir. Yeah when you paid that bill {X} They'll give you something to you know, uh. Shirt or a pair of pants or something other, something, yes sir, that's right, sure, yes sir. A hat. {NW} I remember that, yes sir. Nice hat or something when you paid off the big bill of course. Don't know how many times You'd paid for that. Interviewer: Uh what would you call that uh you say, you say {X} You paid it and the merchant says well now you paid your bill on time, I appreciate it. So I'm gonna give you a what? 543: A hat. Present. Interviewer: Present? 543: Present. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir, he'd give him a present. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, well it's a nice uh It's a nice system. 543: Of course, course, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Make everybody fell good. 543: Oh yes sir, right, right, yes sir. Interviewer: And uh. If you didn't have enough money to pay something and you had to Go to somebody and get some money, you'd say, well I have to, what? 543: Have to borrow some money to pay, pay off that bill. Interviewer: Cause money is so, 543: So scarce Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh. If somebody uh, wouldn't give you the money, you'd say, well, he's an awful. {NS} {NW} 543: Man. Fella. Interviewer: Tight one or what? 543: Yes sir, tight, he's tight. Interviewer: #1 He's tight. # 543: #2 {D: He who had titles.} # Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh. 543: Out in the forest where you know the people didn't go much but I don't know after a long time people smoked they killed them out. Interviewer: They did? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh were they uh just regular hogs or were they? 543: Yes sir they were Interviewer: {X} 543: They were just regular #1 hogs # Interviewer: #2 They're the worst # 543: yes sir or they get uh sometime old if they live to get old you know by how nobody done kill 'em out or nothing old tush would grow plum out their mouth you know. Interviewer: Certainly. 543: Yes sir! And if you crown them they will man they'll ru- they'll fight ya. Interviewer: They will? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: You ever hear 'em called piney woods {X}? 543: Yes sir they said we have them kind ya know. Interviewer: That's that's the same thing as a wild hog? 543: Well some it not exactly you know pine hill {D: rooters} is just uh some small look like to me small size hog they don't get too large. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Cause uh them really these wild hogs are just hogs that got out you know in just got straight away into the forest. Interviewer: Never came back. 543: That's right, yeah. Interviewer: I've been working here all year and 543: Oh! Interviewer: started over in West Side near in Hayucah places like that. 543: Oh yes sir! Interviewer: I've been working across. 543: Well I say. Interviewer: I really like the country and 543: Well! Interviewer: I'd like to settle down. 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Well I say! Interviewer: We were talking about uh somebody whose got money but he won't let loose of it. 543: Yes sir! Right! That's right! That's right This is tight. Interviewer: and.. uh... 543: {NW} Interviewer: uh when uh... when you When your mother would uh find she need something she'd say to your father "next time now you go to town" you what? Suppose she needs a knife "next time you go to town you be sure to" 543: Buy buy a knife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Would you uh would she say buy knife? and uh and then fetch it home or how would that be used? 543: Well she just tell 'em mostly I'll tell ya this about it ya know {NW} cause back then ya know you just buy a knife Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: Yes sir, buy a knife. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: A {D: whicha} knife was never there. Interviewer: and uh then they would A merchant would take something and uh you just wouldn't give them a knife? 543: No sir. No sir you'd wrap it up. Interviewer: You wouldn't? 543: Yes sir you'd wrap it up in some paper or another. Interviewer: And uh uh could you describe that lil bit more? or just uh would you use string or? 543: Ya well we would wrap it up in a piece of paper and then then they'd take a little thread string and tie wrap it around a few times and tie it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir And some call it call wrapping thread Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And when your father would bring it home would your children have a chance to? 543: No sir they wouldn't have no chance no sir back then children didn't have nothing to do with they didn't. Interviewer: They didn't. 543: No sir No sir. Interviewer: {X} 543: That was their's and children not to mess with it. Interviewer: So the wife would uh 543: She would get it unwrap it ya know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir and put it up. No sir no sir not like it do now. Interviewer: #1 I see # 543: #2 Need a # Switch to unwrap it Interviewer: Right Right 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh was oxford uh always called a uh was it always the uh the center of Fayette county 543: Yeah that's what they called it yes sir the center That's right. {X} Probably. It's always something about the center. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh was it always where the government was Where the the In other words did you always call the county seat? 543: Yes sir, yes sir. The county seat, right. It was the county seat. Yes sir that's right. Interviewer: And uh uh did you ever hear it called anything else uh when you were a boy? 543: Oxford Interviewer: No uh yes. Would you say Oxford is a county site 543: Yes, yes sir that's Interviewer: County town or 543: Well that's what we call it the town you know the c- you know its you know the county we'd call it town. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But uh what I'm interested in is whether because it is where the sheriff and everybody has would you call it always the county seat or or county site? In other words I heard a lotta different terms 543: Courthouse or courthouse in everything you know. And I always just {NW} say where would you might say the county seat. Interviewer: Would you say county seat when you were a boy or would you have a different word? 543: Well just mostly we'd say the town. Just say we'd call it going to town Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh uh Did you hear much of would you tell me something of how people acted or regarded politics when you were younger? 543: Well not I didn't know too much about it Interviewer: Was there respect uh? 543: Oh right of course there was respectable everything you know that was concerned was respectable. Interviewer: And uh what was the attitude toward toward the men in office? Did you think about the men or the government or what? 543: No well uh You well you asked me so what did you think about the men. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that good or bad good or bad mans? 543: Right, right yes sir. We thought we'd try to get the good man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and then he was the Interviewer: How did people uh Would you describe how people would uh? What their attitude was towards government? How would they say it? How would they talk about it? 543: Well I'll tell you really we didn't hear too much about it back then enough to learn about it and everything. {NW} Well we would just try to go ahead and do what they t- tell us to do what we looked like I said had to do it all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What- what I mean is it seems to me that when I was a boy uh somebody would say well this must be good because it came from the government. 543: Of course. Oh yes Interviewer: Is that how would? 543: Yeah well really, really, really yes sir. We you know that's I haven't thought about that you know yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Is that how people were saying 543: Of course yes sir It'd be good because you know conflict other men of course and we thought the government you know was more strict Interviewer: Hmm 543: than we know. Interviewer: It wasn't uh Republicans or Democrats it was somebody 543: that Interviewer: you looked up to. 543: That's it! Yes sir! Yes sir. Yes right, right. Yes sir. Yes sir that's right. Interviewer: And uh uh You hear a lot about law and order now a days uh how did you... how would you... how would you describe that when you were? 543: Back young Interviewer: Yes uh-huh {X} 543: #1 Old man # Interviewer: #2 People # Talk about it uh {NW} 543: {NW} Oh well man uh Yes sir. {NS} Well the ways back in most of the time is what uh you know the people would say and that's what would be done. Interviewer: Would? Do people talk about? Would they say law and order or 543: No sir, no sir They don't say No law and order. There's order. No law. Interviewer: Oh I get you 543: Now. Interviewer: I see I see! Uh so you would have that big difference, isn't there? 543: Right, right, right! Good point, good point that's right. Yes sir. Yeah. Interviewer: I see. Uh so you So if what wasn't an order the law was mean to 543: Th- tha- that's what I'm talking about. Yes sir yes sir of course. Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see. Well it would make a big difference. 543: Of course yes sir, yes sir. Yes sir Interviewer: Um, did uh were people punished for or did they execute people? 543: Yes sir Interviewer: They did uh and how how did they do it? There was no electric chair. 543: Uh they would uh hang 'em. Interviewer: They would 543: And burn 'em. Interviewer: They would? And without a trial? Was that uh sometimes? 543: Well they might go through with a trial but all of us. Interviewer: Hmm I see. And would they uh uh would people take law to themselves sometimes? 543: Of course, course, course, yes Interviewer: Around here? 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Is that right? 543: Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: I know I interviewed a lady around here um what county was that? Can't remember she's eighty or eighty-four, I think and her brother was a sheriff and uh somebody was accused of something and some towns people went to the jail and they got the guy and out the jail and her brother couldn't do anything about it. 543: Yes sir that that that's what, that's what I'm talking about. That's what I'm talking about yes sir. Right right. Interviewer: Phew 543: Yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: She said he didn't have the chance to do anything or they would've done the same thing to him. 543: Right! Right! Right! Right yeah. That's what I'm talking about. Interviewer: Yeah... so... that's uh 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Well that's not a very good system. 543: Well Interviewer: Yeah not a very fair system Uh, so they they uh they'd hang them uh 543: Fight 'em, hang 'em up and shoot 'em till they'd get tired and they'd come out of the car and drag 'em. {NS} Interviewer: Oh! Is that right In this? In LaFayette county? Is that right? Uh that's something else we don't know and understand you know? 543: Right, right, right, right. Yes sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: As I say you don't have to. 543: Well Interviewer: Worry about that surely I understand how you feel but 543: Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Cause I said this will go straight to the university and not to.. 543: Well {NW} I didn't know how you wanted Interviewer: Oh I-I understand what you're... 543: {NW} Yes sir. Interviewer: That's within your memory. 543: Oh! Interviewer: {X} 543: Sure, sure, yes sir, yes sir no it Interviewer: See I've read about it but I-I can't be sure never can be sure what you read in books. 543: No sir Oh no sir #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And uh # And uh I never heard uh not really heard very much from actual people until this lady talked to me. 543: Yes sure sure sure. #1 I see # Interviewer: #2 But uh # And uh I forgot how the man was accused of uh He was in jail. The towns people were after him 543: That's what they'll do they go out and Harass them and bring put them in jail. And take everything off of 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Would you like me to turn it off. Turn it off for a minute why don't I do that Well I guess there's no the thing is you never just write a letter. 543: Oh no no no {X} Interviewer: Well in years to come balance is different. 543: Yes sir that's right Interviewer: Things are right 543: Sure, sure Interviewer: Wrong 543: yes sir yes sir that's right. Interviewer: I was wondering if you could tell me how people used to speak to each other? Uh how to greet each other in the morning and say? 543: Good morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh And uh uh say you'd have a uh a meal at noon and then after that? 543: You'd say good evening. Interviewer: You'd say good evening. 543: Good evening Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh when would uh what would you say to somebody seven or eight o'clock at night? 543: We'd still say good evening cause right, yes sir it's after. Interviewer: When you'd leave somebody at that time you'd say well 543: Good night. Interviewer: Goodnight 543: Goodnight Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh uh when you meet a friend and when you meet a stranger when you're a boy how would you? Would you describe those greetings? Suppose you meet someone you've known all your life uh came to Oxford. How would you greet him? how would you greet someone who didn't know very well? 543: Yes sir Well we with men that we know well and everything we'd be glad to shake hands with them you know and greet 'em hi {NW} how you'd be getting along along and so you'd think a stranger then maybe say hi or good morning or something and that would be about all. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir Interviewer: And uh when somebody came to see you and uh you had a nice visit and you left you'd say well good to see you now? 543: Goodbye. Interviewer: Goodbye and you wanted him to comeback again what would you say 543: You say come back again. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Glad to have ya or something. Interviewer: Okay. And at Christmas what, how do you greet somebody at Christmas 543: Well you know well we call it uh Christmas gift. Interviewer: What 543: Christmas gift. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Can you tell me more about that uh 543: Well {NW} because uh you know back home we calls it Christmas. Uh just uh we just Seem like its uh different spirit during Christmas towards Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: the people. Of course we glad to meet and call it Christmas you know because it's Christ's birthday of course we call it you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh if uh would you get a gift? 543: {NW} Yes sir we get a gift and and and give a gift you know Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir. We are glad to you know change, swap the gift. Interviewer: And how about the first of January what would you say then 543: Say new year, Interviewer: {NW} 543: new year. Interviewer: Happy New Year. 543: Happy New Year. Yes sir. Interviewer: Happy New Year. Would you ever say New year's gift? Or is that... 543: Well sometimes but not no mostly say happy new year. Interviewer: Oh. I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh uh suppose um these are um um these are clocks and this the hour hand and this is the minute hand. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: How would you describe that time 543: Well by the time that goes uh see by way we call it is uh by it's fifteen minutes till eleven. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: And when that go come around again uh then it'd be fifteen till twelve Uh bout that time by twelve o' clock this hand will be up at, both of 'em will be on twelve. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yeah. Interviewer: And on this one...How would you... what time would that 543: Well it'd be seven thirty by that one then. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Do you ever say half uh 543: Oh uh yes sir uh Seven thirty a half Half after seven. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And do you ever say a quarter? 543: Quarter till eleven. Interviewer: Okay. 543: Yes sir. #1 Quarter till # Interviewer: #2 And uh # would you uh tell me how old you were when you had your first watch? 543: Watch. Oh man! #1 I was old. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: I was old. We didn't know too much about them though. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Uh I think I was about thirty years old when I had my first watch Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: because it look like I thought I could needed other things more s- Interviewer: I see. Uh-huh. And uh that was a pocket uh 543: Yes sir! A pocket watch Yes sir a pocket watch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh how did you refer to the sun Uh... You'd say on the farm, you have to get up. 543: About sun up. Interviewer: Sun up. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you finish you might not finish your chores by 543: Sun-down. Interviewer: Sun-down. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Sun-down. Interviewer: And the... you said the time after the noon? Any time after noon to dark? 543: #1 On # Interviewer: #2 To dark # 543: To dark yes sir and then after that the evening Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir good evening yes sir. Interviewer: And uh if today is Friday then yesterday was 543: Thursday. Interviewer: Thursday. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And if today is Friday then Saturday is 543: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Tomorrow 543: Tomorrow Interviewer: And 543: Saturday. Interviewer: Again I'm interested in any of these... in anything you remember, in expression or words you used to use. Uh, if somebody came on Sunday then uh uh you'd say well you come back again. And that would be the Sunday...? 543: Next Sunday. Interviewer: Next Sunday. 543: Next Sunday. Interviewer: Would you ever say Sunday week? What does that mean 543: Well that that uh {NW} You come back Sunday week the day of well so {X} if I'm speaking on a Sunday come back the day week of Probably Saturday or something other like that you see tomorrow week from that day you see About a week. A week from that day, you see. Interviewer: At this point exactly one week. 543: One week that's right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Till the next Sunday. Interviewer: Okay. And suppose you say well he was...he's been here he came uh Sunday week before how would you describe that? 543: Well he done paid that had been a week uh last Sunday Interviewer: Last Sunday. 543: Yes sir. He come last Sunday. He'd been here he come last Sunday. Interviewer: And that wouldn't be a Sunday week? That would be.. 543: No sir that would be last Sunday Interviewer: Last Sunday. 543: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh we were talking about the weather and uh say 1974 was a mild winter uh you say you had a mild winter this year? 543: Last year Interviewer: Last yr. 543: Well now This would be we're talking about this year seventy-four {NW} uh well after the winter's past last year last winter now last year last winter. We call this winter now this is This winter We had a bad winter this winter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: But back in seventy-three was last winter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and that would be a year 543: Year ago Year ago, year ago we call it. Interviewer: Okay and you'd say well it's been real warm now for for uh several days or for what? 543: This winter. Interviewer: #1 You'd say it's been # 543: #2 This winter. # Interviewer: Real warm now for quite a spell Does that sound...? Would you say that? 543: Well yes sir you could use that like that quite a spell it's been quite warm for quite a spell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: This winter Interviewer: And uh today is...? Describe a day like this. A lot of sun is is what? 543: Yes sir it's a fine day. A nice day. Interviewer: And uh if uh And if tomorrow if the sun isn't out then? what's whats gonna? 543: We call it cloudy day Interviewer: Cloudy 543: bad day, cloudy day, yes. Interviewer: And that means then that the weather is gone from a sunny day to a cloudy day the weather what? 543: Changed. changed {X} Yes sir. The weather changed. Interviewer: Suppose uh you have a cloudy day and it turns sunny you'd say well I think the weather is 543: Changed #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Changed or # 543: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Changed to a better # 543: a better day. Fair day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you ever say break in or 543: It would be the weather is breaking off. Interviewer: Breaking off. 543: Breaking off right yes sir. Bad weather to Interviewer: #1 To good # 543: #2 Pretty # Good day Interviewer: Okay and how about wind You say the wind is calm today but the storm is gonna come the wind is? 543: Raising. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Raising # 543: Raising. Interviewer: And after a storm then the wind is 543: Has ceased. Has ceased yes. Has ceased. Interviewer: And uh you say going down or laying off or doesn't sound 543: No sir. {NW} {X} Strong wind? The wind is high And so uh Well ceased it Interviewer: Uh huh okay And the different directions the wind blows or comes from? You remember any stories about as soon as the wind comes from the east what does that mean? 543: {NW} Interviewer: Uh, do you remember anything like that when you were a boy? 543: Well {NS} uh well like a we call it the wind coming from the east or going to the west you know we call it a a dry or a dry spell or something like that. Yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: That's right and it'll dry the ground out look like more coming from the east. Yes sir from the North it's cold. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir and coming from the South you know it's good warm pleasant weather. Yes sir coming from the west we call it kind of stormy weather. Interviewer: From the west? 543: Yes sir. The way they do here in this country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh if uh if you have wind that isn't exactly north or south or west or south comes from 543: Southwest Interviewer: and from.. 543: Uh Southeast, Interviewer: and 543: and Northeast. and northwest. That's right yes sir. Interviewer: And do those have any meanings or not 543: Right no sir not hardly. Interviewer: Oh okay, and would you describe different ways of talking about the rain Supposed you would have something that you just feel on your face? 543: Call it a dew. You have drizzle. Interviewer: And if its something 543: Snow? We'd have snow it's not like snow is it Interviewer: Enough rain to settle the dust what do you call that 543: Shower Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Wetter shower or rain. Interviewer: Suppose enough to flood the streets. 543: Oh we had a flood. {NW} big rain it'll flood certainly. Interviewer: Uh would you call that heavy rain 543: Heavy rain yeah we had a heavy rain Interviewer: Do you remember any terms for that when you were a boy Interesting ways of describing that. 543: Well they just called it kind of an overflow we'd call it mostly you know that that rain. Interviewer: I've heard different things for that you know gully washer 543: Oh yes sir really? Oh we had a gully washer last night of course we did Wash gullies and all. Interviewer: Wash 543: Most of the time that's what then the old people would talk and call it big rain and a gully washer. Right, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: Well he told me her family used to call it a goose rounder. 543: {NW} It's bigger. Interviewer: {X} 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And a storm with lightning? What would that be? 543: Well we'd call that electrical storm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir Interviewer: And uh if uh if the uh If the clouds are going to break and you said that's gonna clear off or clear off what did you say for that? 543: It seems stormy. It looks like it's gonna come a storm The clouds grayed up you know like that uh {NW} Maybe it's becoming a big rain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir when they cluster up like that. Interviewer: And after a big storm the clouds start to 543: Yes they look stormy look like it's going to storm you know And those clouds breaking you know It looks like it's going to be foul. Interviewer: I see... and if it's pretty cold when you get up in the morning, you say well it's cold, you say "well it's pretty" what 543: Pretty cool. Interviewer: Pretty cool 543: Yes sir Interviewer: You ever heard airish 543: {NW} Yes sir it's airish this morning. Interviewer: #1 That means its # 543: #2 Airish this morning # Interviewer: That means it's enough to make you shiver 543: Oh sure yes sir yes sir Interviewer: I see 543: Airish pretty airish. Interviewer: Uh you don't hear that very much anymore. 543: No sir, no sir, no sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh and when you get up in the morning or late at night uh you drive and you can't hardly see the road what what do you call that 543: Call that foggy foggy yes sir. Interviewer: And uh in the morning the moisture that's on the grass? 543: Call that a dew. Interviewer: And if it's cold enough to... 543: It'd be frost yes sir it'd be frost {NW} Interviewer: And uh uh if if uh its cold enough to kill your plants what do you call that 543: Ice ice cold. Interviewer: Real freeze. 543: Freeze. Yes sir. Freeze up. Yes Interviewer: Did you ever uh we talked earlier about its being colder it used to be colder than it is now 543: Yes sir Interviewer: did you ever remember ponds freezing over 543: Yes sir. Yes sir sure. Interviewer: Huh 543: That's right. And I think about it sometimes how we used to get out and walk on that ice one of broke a finger. Interviewer: Oh {NS} You remember when ice was just uh uh covered and you couldn't walk on it but it's a light 543: Sheet of ice Interviewer: Yes. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: You call that anything 543: I don't Seem like we call it maybe just a sheet of ice just only the top iced over. Interviewer: Does mush ice sound uh 543: Well probably some of 'em call it that ya know {NW} Interviewer: Well I've heard that but I'm not sure what it means exactly and.. 543: Well we just say call it thin ice ya know just a thin sheet of ice you know, yes sir. Interviewer: Okay and uh what'd ya think of the ice storm we had 543: Oh man it hit here not long ago. {NW} Interviewer: #1 January. # 543: #2 That ice # Storm {NW} Interviewer: That uh do you remember anything like that in the past? anything like that? 543: Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, yes sir. {NW} And it stayed there way so long. Man when I was a boy like a little boy {NW} Oh yes sir, we'd have to tote stop water and they couldn't get out and walk on it. Oh man. Interviewer: oh is that right 543: oh yes sir we'd have to tote the water you know. and when daddy had to you know take a axe and thing and dig dig out a road way for him to go to it after it stayed so long that for him to travel and go get the water you know to and fro from the pond {NW} and we couldn't hog wood we'd use wood back in the fireplace we'd get out there ya know and cut wood and slide it to the house on that ice. Interviewer: the ice really stayed that long 543: yes sir right that stayed longer than I ever knowed {NW} I can't remember what year we had but back several years ago Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: yes sir that's right. Interviewer: so that storm last January wasn't a surprise 543: Oh no sir, no sir, oh man {NW} not according to that but that was rough enough. Interviewer: It did a lot of damage to trees. 543: Oh yes sir, yes sir, sure. Interviewer: All right. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh if you have long time without any rain, you call that a what? 543: Drought. Interviewer: Alright and a shorter time Well say rain now pretty soon because we've had been through quite a what? 543: A dry spell Interviewer: Dry spell 543: Dry spell. Yes sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: These are uh um names of people and I'm interested in how they used to pronounce them, what they used to say 543: Oh yes sir. Interviewer: For example the mother of Jesus was how how would she be? If you were a boy how would you say that? 543: The mother of Jesus uh uh Jesus' uh mother Mary. Interviewer: and uh George Washington's wife uh was 543: Yes sir. Uh George Washington's wife Interviewer: I think there is also a person in the Bible 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Martha, would you say Marthey or how would you pronounce that when you were a boy? 543: Well now Marthey, Marthey, Marthey Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Marthey Interviewer: And uh a girls name in a song, "wait till the sun shines" 543: {X} I I forget that one {NW} Interviewer: Uh how would you pronounce Nellie? 543: Nellie Interviewer: Yes very good, is that how you would say it when you were a boy? 543: Yes sir That's right, Nellie, yes sir. {X} Interviewer: And if your boy was named William how would you call him when he was a boy You would say now William come come here would you call him Will or or Willy or Billy 543: Mostly would call Will would call Will. That's right Will. Interviewer: And uh the word Billy would you ever use that 543: Bill Bill we'd called him Bill. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Yes sir that's the word. Interviewer: Do white folks call and say Billy more often 543: Yes sir. yes sir. Interviewer: Have you seen grown men called Billy 543: Yes sir right right right sure do yes sir Interviewer: that's the difference between the two race 543: yes sir sure sure that's right Interviewer: uh-huh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and uh the four gospels in the Bible, just name the first one can you 543: I don't know four. I know John {NW} Interviewer: John is one. 543: Yes. I say. Interviewer: I was wondering about Mathew, did you, did people ever call the children Mathew 543: I remember one fellow they called Matthew and I did know someone called Mathis, Matthew one man I knew she called him Matthew I think Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir. and John. Interviewer: and uh uh was there a barrels maker, what would you call a man who made barrels when you were a boy? 543: {X} We'd make a a well Interviewer: Would you ever call him a cooper 543: No sir would would not. I don't remember like that you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Well you know back then we would just call him barrel maker of course you know? Yes sir. Interviewer: and uh would a girl ever be named Sarah or Sarey or 543: #1 Not # Interviewer: #2 Sarey # 543: back yeah then yeah it wasn't uh like how we find 'em now, is named that lately. Interviewer: How are they pronounced now 543: Well I'll tell you it's different the spelling of it of course Sherry Cherry Interviewer: Or Sarah or Sare 543: Sarah. Sarah yeah I remember one named Sarah. Interviewer: You do 543: Right Interviewer: A girl 543: Yes sir. Yes sir. Sarah. Interviewer: Fashions changed 543: Oh yes sir, yes sir. Sure. Interviewer: You hear Sherrie now but you don't hear Sarah. 543: Yeah that's right. That's right surely true I hadn't thought about it that way {X} Interviewer: It's interesting. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and uh your uh you had uh your mother's brother was named William or John you'd say well hello uncle.. 543: Uncle John Interviewer: Or uh 543: Uncle William. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and uh uh a man who commands a whole army his title would be a 543: Not a sergeant, uh Interviewer: higher than that a genera 543: general uh back in school did they teach you anything about General William no sir no they didn't teach us nothing back then no sir. nothing back then Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and uh you know a general is a lot of white people are given honorary titles they call 'em colonel 543: You call them I've heard of them yes sir that's right you know. Yes sir. No sir, no sir. See they didn't {NW} Some of them might have taught that but in my days or They didn't you know No sir. Interviewer: did you ever know anybody in oxford or here anybody in Oxford with that title 543: {NW} well you know here lately but not you know way back yonder, didn't know, you know, didn't know. No sir. Interviewer: And how do they say it now? 543: well it's different see really they don't know just what is which ones and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: You know Interviewer: Did they say colonel 543: Colonel I just really don't know remember what they was saying you know having no dealing with them to say it like that you know. Interviewer: and how about uh the term captain, would uh when you were a boy would you say captain? 543: Cap'n Interviewer: Cap'n 543: Cap'n, yes sir. Interviewer: and how? what would that mean 543: well it would mean you know just somebody over you know well I see uh well something about office holding office you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm Mark of respect. 543: Yes sir, right right, yes sir, yes sir. Interviewer: And the man who resides over the court courthouse what would you use to call him 543: Uh the sheriff or just uh Interviewer: The man when you get arrested they take you 543: {X} Interviewer: Yeah 543: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 543: as much as I {NW} What's the {NW} I I didn't well now what is it uh master how did it no or the justice {X} I don't know uh each county is different ya know Yes sir. Interviewer: sometimes they're called uh old master of the court 543: Master! Master! Interviewer: judge do they have a judge here 543: Well yes sir they have a jury down there you see yes sir that's right they have a jury down there. {NW} now most of the time when they come through this county they will you know oh well they just come through the court house and you know they got a little what you call a master in there ya see and they fix it up fair of course but if you're going to have a trial or something or other you get the juries they got juries just the juries after they have the trial. Interviewer: Oh I see. 543: yes sir. Interviewer: {X} 543: so this first coming up doing something other you know and then they pay off or something or other they just go through with that you know but if you're going to have a trial you know Interviewer: A whole trial 543: Yes sir you'll have a jury. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: is there a um these are questions about uh numbers and uh what I'm interested in is any anything that you're used to that you can remember as a boy in school Uh you talk about counting say twenty-five, twenty-six and then the next one would be 543: twenty-seven Interviewer: twenty-seven and then you go on up until twenty-eight, twenty-nine and then what 543: thirty. Interviewer: and then ten more would be 543: forty Interviewer: and uh then on up to fifty 543: fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, a hundred Interviewer: Uh huh and then the next biggest number after that a hundred is uh is one 543: Thousand Interviewer: and the next biggest number is one 543: Million Interviewer: Okay...and uh did you ever hear anybody say this years crop was it yet uh i don't know how many i don't know enough about growing cotton but suppose he has just twice he had just double the amount of cotton this next, next year this crop is just how many so you've got double the yield, well this crop is twice... 543: Much Interviewer: Twi- 543: Twice as much as it had been yes sir. that's right, doubling. Interviewer: You you say somebody came and uh uh you were talking and the clouds started up and it started to rain the heavens just opened up 543: The rain poured and poured down. #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Say it # Happened all 543: All at once Interviewer: All at once. 543: Yes sir, yes sir. {NW} Interviewer: and uh some questions about geography i don't know whether- did you study much 543: Not too much no sir. No sir because I I uh just studied just a little bit in there because we didn't have books then Interviewer: Sure. 543: Studied Interviewer: Sure 543: Studied with the few that we had. Interviewer: uh would you just name as many states as you can think of and the cities around the south here 543: {NW} It's not many. {NW} Not many no sir. Interviewer: anything that comes to you uh you mentioned going to Memphis you know any other cities up there 543: oh well oh well let's see well I just say Arkansas, Mississippi, {NW} Memphis, Tennessee uh {X} Interviewer: do you know where Atlanta is State 543: Atlanta Georgia, Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: yes sir Interviewer: Birmingham 543: Birmingham Alabama. Interviewer: And New Orleans 543: New Orleans New Orleans New Orleans, New Orleans. Interviewer: Shreveport 543: Shreveport, Louisiana. Interviewer: And uh Miami 543: Miami, Florida. Interviewer: Charleston 543: Charleston, Mississippi. Interviewer: how about the Carolinas? 543: North Carolina, South Carolina {NW} {X} Interviewer: And Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama. 543: Alabama yes sir. Interviewer: Mobile 543: Mobile, Alabama Mm-hmm how do you did you learn much about the nation's capital No sir, no sir. Interviewer: how did how did they refer to it 543: Well we just didn't learn much about it just the nation's capital would just be Jackson Interviewer: Mm-hmm and 543: Jackson Mississippi you know is just the nation uh you know then Interviewer: State's State ca- capital uh huh and the place where Nixon is uh 543: White House Interviewer: White house and that town would be 543: Washington D C Interviewer: D C did they say that uh D C 543: well that's what they said was it Washington D C Interviewer: uh huh and uh uh how about uh Dallas, Houston and Maryland did you ever study 543: no sir i never studied them but i just heard the name of them you know so so just so many different {NW} Interviewer: supposed to be the biggest state 543: Yes, sir, that's right, yes sir. because uh Interviewer: they kinda like to brag about it uh {NW} 543: Yes sir, yes sir. {X} yes sir that Dallas. Interviewer: I'd like to ask you a few questions about uh I'll tell you ya if you're getting tired I'd be glad to get a coke 543: oh that's alright I'm making it I just {X} Interviewer: its a theres a machine right around the corner and maybe freshen ya up a bit let me uh {NS} 543: I remember that he was in World war one {X} that was way back yonder Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 He uh # 543: #2 that war that # war man I can just remember that Interviewer: Is that right? 543: airplane airplane coming over there like scared us to death Interviewer: first one huh? {NW} uh did uh uh ward was uh hundred with Faulkner, did he, was he that author? was uh he the did he go hunting with the author? did the librarian tell me that or what? 543: or something I just remember what she said but you know {X} He he's well Oh well It's what I thought of and everything but I really don't know. Know he he {NW} I just don't know who that man is Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: I I don't know sir but He had a lot of dealings with the with the peoples you know and all Interviewer: Mm-hmm, did you happen to know that writer Faulkner? 543: Ooh yes sir that's one {NW} fellow yes sir. Interviewer: Um 543: that's right, that's one of those men, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: yes sir now well you been to his home, the home? Interviewer: Yes. 543: #1 Yes sir oh I see yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # What do you remember about him? 543: oh well just writing them books and all and everything and still I hear some people say now that he's uh he's really a still accommodating fellow you know cause they deal with him they was talking about him here not long ago. yes sir. Yes sir he's he he want to be doing something he wanna be doing something you know? And did. Interviewer: Nobody stopped him. 543: No nobody stopped him no sir No sir, that's right. Interviewer: somebody told me that um matter a fact i met him out at the grave and uh hes a colored gentleman and he works for uh uh funeral parlor here in uh he told me that he used to see Faulkner at the funeral parlor he'd come down to the post office in the morning and that he'd never get dressed he'd just wear his 543: #1 That's him # Interviewer: #2 pajamas and # 543: Right right {NW} {NW} Oh yes sir that is right Yes sir. Interviewer: He was a apparently if he liked you he liked you 543: That's right yes sir yes sir Interviewer: #1 but if he didn't like you # 543: #2 Oh oh man # You just {NW} Yes sir that is right. Sure {NW} Interviewer: did you ever see him around very much uh 543: Yes sir I'd see him a lot sure Yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: what did he look like uh 543: Well just just Interviewer: i never met him 543: Well you've seen his picture Interviewer: Yes. 543: Well he just he just that's that's made over Yes sir that's right the picture you see that's made over that's right Interviewer: Is that right 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: he must've been kinda small man wasn't he 543: he was! yes sir he was a small man Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: That's right. yes sir. Yes sir. And he owned a Farm out yonder had some men working out there on it and so he had a gas tank out there you know {NW} and had it filled up long so that gas would run out and so he wanna know where the gas went they hadn't used it up well that fella told him say well he used it up so alright I'll get some more and put it in there {NS} now that's the kinda fella he was you know to somebody. {NW} Yes sir. Interviewer: Must have liked him. 543: {X} Yes sir yes sir that's right. Yes sir. Interviewer: i guess he uh uh some of the people in town thought he was kinda peculiar 543: sure sure! yes sir, that's right, yes sir, that was his way. {NW} Nobody change it, that's right, he he {NW} he helped his town. Yes sir. Interviewer: do you remember when they made the movie here? 543: The intruder in the dust? Interviewer: right 543: I was in it! Interviewer: Oh is that right? 543: Right, yes! Interviewer: Well good for you 543: {NW} Yes sir I was in there, {NW} I don't know where you can look, did you see the picture? Interviewer: yes. 543: I don't know if you could remember driving the wagon I don't guess you could remember that you know just exactly. was in there driving a wagon around in that movie. Interviewer: Oh you were? 543: Yes sir I drove the wagon around there and sitting up there eating peanuts {NW} Oh man {NW} I mean that thing paid well {X} {NW} Yes sir I was in that Intruder in the Dust you know yes sir. A man from Jackson down there he was working up here before then I worked after on that library out there and of course he uh knowed me you know he was superintendent out there in the library and I worked out there so he seen it down in Jackson you know {X} He called and told me that I was the one I was in there driving that wagon he knowed me Interviewer: Is that right 543: Yes sir superintendent Yes sir {X} Interviewer: Did you meet any of the actors, they actors stayed in a hotel, did they uh uh while the movie was being made did they stay in the colonial 543: Yes sir yes sir yes sir yes sir sure sure. That's right yes sir oh yes sir Yes that's right. sure did. Interviewer: somebody told me they uh the actors gave everybody in the town a fish fry 543: they done a big thing though they did they really did yes sir I mean they {X} that oh yes sir. {NW} yes sir. Sure did. {NW} Yes sir. Interviewer: Exciting times. 543: Oh it was yes sir. sure was Interviewer: this man told me that uh everybody have a mule all {X} pull body to the cemetery but somebody said no and they just used an ordinary hearse. Did you know about that? 543: no sir I wasn't around then you know. That's right. I'll say I'll say. Interviewer: well it must've been real exciting 543: Oh it was yes sir sure that's right. {NW} yes sir Interviewer: Okay 543: {NW} Interviewer: would you tell me something about the buildings that you had on the farm when you were growing up different buildings where you keep different animals different parts of the farm things like that 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: what ever comes to mind 543: Sure. Well we had a {X} you know because we moved in it where on the boss man farm where he used to live and he had right now his barn. {NW} of course one place where we kept some of the the stock you know and the hay and the feed and stuff {NW} and so his barn made up and stalls in on it you know and there's a floor in there there was kind of an upstairs where we put the hay we cut hay out of the field hard and pack it back in there and feed the stock on yes and we'd have stalls for them to stand there and feed 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm and the part where you kept the hay did you keep it up 543: yes sir above the stalls and all Interviewer: what would you call that up there 543: well we call it back then we called it up in the loft barn loft. Interviewer: I see. 543: of course that's what we called it back then. Interviewer: where would you keep uh did you have corn 543: yes sir we had corn we had a little {NS} little pen built out there and take wide little woods and cut us some logs. So long probably ten or twelve foot long you know and build us a pen. {NW} lay them logs there and chop out a large giant cones with them make us a pen there ya know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and of course uh we take little poles then and uh if we didn't have down where the cone wouldn't come through the crack {NW} get us some little long poles and cut 'em and push 'em in the crack and nail them on there keep the cones from coming out. Interviewer: I see. 543: get out there and cut some trees down and ride boards and make boards {X} covered with them. Interviewer: and uh did you have a name for that place 543: A crib Interviewer: Crib 543: that's what we called it a crib a corn crib Interviewer: uh huh did you have a name for uh any other little sheds that you didn't have around uh 543: well we would have a hog pen yeah we'd have a little hog pen that's where we'd have our hog pen build it up so much you know and just like that you know put a floor in it for the hogs. {NW} To fatten them on you know. {NW} And then we'd get out there you know and cut rails and stack them around and build a fence put them in the pasture something like a quarter acre and a half several hogs to keep {D: feeded} {NW} summer till fattening time Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh did you ever place to keep uh things like oats? 543: No sir. We didn't have we didn't have oats like that much no sir didn't {NW} what oats we would have then we would just cut 'em like hay {NW} and this you know when they grew up we just cut 'em down let 'em kill for hay and just put 'em in barn you know just like grass hay. Interviewer: oh i see 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: you make all this very clear i appreciate it very much because a lot of this is new to me and i don't really understand 543: sure sure yes sir. Interviewer: and uh so some of the questions i ask you may not seem seem kinda foolish but 543: {NW} Interviewer: I really don't know 543: Well well well well Interviewer: uh for example 543: Yes Interviewer: i i knew that you grew oats but you actually didn't grow it as a crop 543: Oh yes sir yes sir sure now the late these late Years that's counting them years it be late years Of course they can grow them you know and then they have a A you know combine Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: or such as that you know Interviewer: but when you were a boy 543: #1 Oh no sir nothing like that. # Interviewer: #2 It wasn't a crop # 543: No sir Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: in other words we mostly cut 'em then we'd cut oats we'd sow early in the spring and that's what we feed on to have feed to feed our stock {NW} and finish the crop um because if we didn't have enough corn {NW} we'd sow the oats early in March and then we'd get out there with these old cranes and cut them oats by hand not by mule and cut them oats and make a big stroke {NW} and lay them out and then bottle them up and then haul them up like that Interviewer: how would you uh would they dry out? 543: yes sir they'd be drying up. that's right. we'd just cut 'em you'd have 'em when they'd get ripe yellow and ripe ready to cut {NW} and that's when we'd cut you know in in {X} {NW} and of course they'd be dry enough to you know put in the barn just right on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: did you ever have anything that you'd stack up to dry in the field 543: well yes sir we would cut that corn that a way ya know we'd save it for feed stuff of course ya know and cut it in uh cut the corn you know it's uh pilot that we'd get a put a bottom of it and that's the way we'd cut {NW} and of course sometimes we'd cut tops out of the corn for the ear of corn we'd cut that top out when it gets ripe before it gets dry too much and that wouldn't hurt the ear of corn just got ripe enough to mature good {NW} without that top. Cut them tops out ya know and hold 'em in your hand till you get a pile of 'em {NW} and then when you get a pile of 'em just you know just lay 'em in a pile and lay them there over a day or something and then they're ready to take care of and then you take 'em up and ball them up in a big ball you know and tie something around 'em you know and this {X} Interviewer: Hmm 543: Right out in that feed Interviewer: Is that right 543: Yes sir and it'll just shed Water off of it. Interviewer: uh where did you keep the cows if they weren't in the barn? {NW} 543: they would stay out in the edge of the woods. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and what would you call a place where you bring 'em in to milk ? 543: In the cow pen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: In a cow pen. Interviewer: and uh the uh chickens how about that would you describe that 543: you know like a can farmer like a raisin them of course We were out there we we we would pick out a chicken and make a house of it just like that. You know take them pulls and make us some housing. {NW} get out there and cook some timber you know large timber you know and split it up and quarter it up just right and make {X} and make boards and cover the chicken house. {NW} Alright and we'd get some plank and uh some poles and make us a land nest farm and put some grass in there you know and then lay in there {NW} of course they lay so long they'd be getting a um {NW} you know go to setting they lay long lots of eggs go to setting. {NW} where we'd have several nesters where we put eggs under them chickens you know and hen {NW} and three weeks they'd be done hatched out of the chicken you know and we'd take 'em off and then {NW} make us a little box out there or something to put them in there you know to huddle them and feed them you know to lay get up large enough to run around. {NW} Turn the hen in and out she'd go in there and rooster you know and we'd feed 'em till they get large enough to go there eating. Interviewer: so this uh you'd keep the chickens out of the chicken house 543: yes sir keep 'em out there ya know yes sir. {NW} We'd just let them roost in there at night you know after till they go to you know {NW} uh got a little hatch off {NW} they go to set out there in these nests ya know outside. {NW} and then when they hatch off then we put 'em in a box to make us a little box out of something or other {NW} make us some boards and dry them down around in a pen {NW} put them in there you know. {NW} Till the chicken is in the place feed 'em you know and water {NW} come in and out till they get larger turn 'em out and let them run around we feed 'em till they get large enough to go to eating them. Interviewer: mm-hmm did you ever have anything you called a chicken coup? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and what uh is that the big house or that's the small box? 543: Well that's that that's the big house ya know. The coop Well well no that's the little house the coop you know is Call it a coop Chicken coop Interviewer: Where the setting hen would be 543: with the little ones. Interviewer: mm 543: That's the coop we call it. Interviewer: I see 543: Make a coop you know to put them in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and we call that the hen nest where she's sitting Yes sir the chicken house where they roost at you know And then that hen nest there you know call it a hen nest {NW} and after she hatch off when put her in that chicken coop. {X} Interviewer: you say you keep the cows in the cow pen 543: Yes that's where we would have 'em out in the cow pen and where we milk 'em you know would be the pen around it you know that's right {NW} if we didn't have a if we didn't have a place you know to to put 'em in the stall where we would just keep 'em in that lot and feed 'em you know and milk 'em you know and dry 'em and then milk 'em you know and then they go out in the edge of the woods and then they thick woods edge of the woods you know to roost at night {X} Interviewer: I see. Did you have a place for other animals outside the barn or just the cows 543: Well uh well we'd have a a uh not uh uh place for the sto- the horses or mules you know the mules {NW} because the mules would be too rough on the cow we'd have another extra pen to keep the mules in there you know {NW} and we mostly have stay stalls for them to go in covered underneath the barn you know for the mules {NW} Yes sir and we keep 'em in that {X} Whenever next morning {X} turn 'em out in the pasture. the big pasture ya know. Uh either turn 'em in the field let 'em be stripping the field Interviewer: and uh what did you do call the time of day when you had to feed the animals 543: well see that is uh we'd feed 'em every morning. Interviewer: and uh you say well this is uh 543: Breakfast Interviewer: i see 543: yes sir we give 'em that breakfast just like we you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: as soon as morning Interviewer: i see and in the afternoon would you 543: Well uh see now when we was working 'em hard you know and making the crop why we call it dinner we'd feed 'em that dinner at twelve o clock. {NW} and we'd eat our lunch you know and call it dinner. and then in the light in the dark before about dark or something like that when the day call to give them their supper. Interviewer: i see 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: so you treated 'em like human beings 543: Of course Yes sir, yes sir. That's right we respect them when we work them. Interviewer: and uh what did you call the horses, the mules, the cows, and so on what did you call of 'em together 543: Cattle. Interviewer: Critters 543: Well uh uh see The cows would be cattle. And the horses would be stock. Interviewer: oh i see. 543: Yes sir the stock. Yes sir. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir horses and Interviewer: How about the chickens and the ducks? 543: well you see we'd call 'em fouls of course you know the fouls they was all fouls but you know we'd just say it was chickens and chickens you know {NW} uh ducks {NW} so many ducks you know so many geese you know and all that so many turkeys. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and uh you mentioned uh how you build a hog pen what did you have to feed the hogs out of 543: well uh yes sir we go out there in the woods and we'd cut a pretty good size log and we take our axe and trim out a hollow in that. we'd get away from the inner piece each end we'd trim out a hollow in there down pretty deep in there you know. that's what we'd feed 'em in. we'd put the feed in there ya know and a slot for water what ya call it ya know of course we'd have a flowing pen whenever we'd fatten 'em of course {NW} We just just put the feed corn in there yellow corn. It's in there just put it on the floor and they'd eat it. Put the water in that trough. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: i see You made them out of uh 543: Logs yes sir right yes sir. Interviewer: how many would you have? 543: Oh well according to the family you know when there's a large family you'd need about four or five large ones they'll weigh a couple hundred a piece about Interviewer: Oh they would 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and uh the cows would you have the same thing for them or 543: well uh no we we would uh you know probably cut trim out something like that for the cow to eat out you know to feed them like that you know the trough is for the feeding. Yes sir. Yes sir. and of course uh Put hay you know why we just put they hay down beside the trough you know on the ground uh {NW} most of the time Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: Yes Interviewer: uh different uh would you describe more about the hogs i mean it must have been the most important animal you had for food right 543: right yes. Interviewer: would you describe how you raised them and where the different names {X 543: #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Sure yes sir. Interviewer: Explain all those 543: Well uh uh the Well I'll start with the sow She's a sow you know she's a you know {NS} Female And of course the {NW} Now it's different in a barrow and a male this male when they castrate him hes a barrow. before we castrate him hes a male. of course the sow you know is the old sow uh young Shoat and gilt we call it you know the female young female. little male uh little borrow something like that you see. {NW} Of course you know you breed them of course with the sows there's a certain time you know they come in you know. {X} And breed them to the males you know And raise little pigs Well during the winter you take two to summer like this they don't need to go to bed you know to sleep in just a little something at least {NW} of course something out of the rain of course. {NW} But in the winter time you need to get them put on a big hay bale you know. In a little pen a little house you know. {NW} To keep those pigs warm. {NW} While they're nursing the nursing mother you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir until they get up about four weeks old then they go to eating. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: See I'm going to run out of tape but I wanted to ask you did you have any wild hogs {X} 543: {X} catch 'em nah well you know you could go out there but ain't no telling who would get 'em or what {NS} what's all out there you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: could put feed out there if you could catch 'em or get them huddled somewhere you know to catch them or something or feed 'em up well they'd be alright {NW} Interviewer: What do you call a tough {X} 543: The hair of course was uh well that's the way you do you know that's great When you get ready to kill them you dress 'em you know and kill them and put them in hot water you know and scrape that off {NW} well it's that old dead skin comes off with that hair too you know and all that scraping come clean you know Interviewer: that tough hair is that ever called bristle 543: yes sir {X} did I say bristle {X} {NW} uh bristle uh we didn't call it bristle {X} but we just called it that bristle is just uh some fat {NW} yes sir uh Interviewer: Fat 543: Yes sir that's right yes sir. #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: That's right. Su- {NS} Interviewer: and did you grow any sheep? [X] [D] [NS] 543: well back then we'd grow a few sheep you know {NW} that's right they did grow a few sheep back there in them time you know Interviewer: what would the male be called 543: a ram Interviewer: and the female 543: Uh uh yoe Interviewer: and what would you grow on the floor mostly? would you eat 'em or 543: well uh yes sir we'd eat 'em eat 'em sometime the young ones. {NW} And mostly grow them out they grow wool is what we would make these clothes out of is Interviewer: #1 they actually make the um # 543: #2 wool # wool that's right that hair that grows out of them and it'd be long {NW} when you shear them take a shear and then shear that hair off and and and and and and and sack it up. Interviewer: I see 543: yes sir that's that's right sure you shear them so often {NW} Lay them on a table catch them and lay them out on a table they'd act {D: just so long as} there ain't no trouble Interviewer: Is that 543: Yes sir, that's right. {NW} Shear that hair off of them you know and and then sack it up {NW} um I don't know just how often right now but it will be so long that hair be done growed back out on them again. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and uh how about the cattle? uh the male and female? of course the female would be the cow but the male would be 543: #1 Cow # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: bull Interviewer: uh-huh 543: and the heifers cow like that you know Interviewer: did you uh did uh when you were young did people ever say bull in front of a woman or something? 543: no sir they said a steer no sir you you're right about that they wouldn't say bull. {NW} that done got so they don't pay it or notice is that uh {D: that yelling} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: {D: Yelling} that steer or that {D: yelling.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm I wonder why that was somebody told me that uh 543: right well that bull sound that sounds like it's too {NW} what do you call it too {NW} too ugly or something or other that's what I think Interviewer: I see 543: That's the way they thought of it. Interviewer: and uh when they talk about hogs do they talk about a boy or 543: no sir a male no they wouldn't say male boy hog or something like that you know Interviewer: hmm 543: That's right. the boy hog or the girl hog you wouldn't say sow at all you wouldn't say now it ain't nothing but back then they wouldn't do it no sir Interviewer: and uh the young uh the cow the heifer 543: Heifers. #1 You would say heifers. # Interviewer: #2 Heifers # 543: Heifers. Interviewer: um 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: they ever say calves 543: yes sir the calves yes sir they would you know the young ones they was the calves yes sir. Interviewer: and if a cow was going to have a calf how would they describe it? 543: well if they know there's one going to come in Going to be fresh. Interviewer: #1 I see # 543: #2 Fresh. # Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and uh would you tell me about the dogs that you remember? different kinds of dogs 543: well yes sir I can tell you about them uh I did take the hounds of course that's what I handled mostly {NW} yes sir {NW} oh yes sir you you you teach them you know and uh by raising them you mean Interviewer: yes different kinds 543: well Interviewer: that you would call 'em that looked like that? 543: yes sir Interviewer: {X} 543: Hounds these old long eared hounds you know and all well {NW} yes sir you you takes them and you hunt something you know and I love to hunt them and {NW} train them these old long eared hounds and train them after coons and possum and squirrels and whichever you know {NW} and then it' s just a lot of different kinds of dogs ya know It'd be prairie dogs them's this {NS} I call 'em hay pounders and hay for {NW} Shepherds what they call them prairie dogs you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: And then you find old long haired ones Some of them they call them shepherds you know and {NW} oh different kind of name poodles and Interviewer: how about the ones that are noisy and 543: yes sir Interviewer: they run around a lot 543: that's right yes sir and I'll tell you what s- some of 'em called some of them that little old brown short legged dog they call them weenie dogs {NW} What And that's the only way I know And then there's some rude little noisy one them is feisty Interviewer: I see 543: yes sir them small little dogs they's feisty oh they makes a good squirrel dogs when you train them Interviewer: are they pretty uh scrappy? 543: yes sir oh yes sir man that's right yes sir {NW} they you know people used to say oh they're the most feisty they would make the big dogs fight you know oh they're so {NW} scrappy why they make the big dogs jump on the others you know they ain't gonna do nothing they can't they ain't big enough Interviewer: they just like to start it off 543: that's it they start a fight {NW} yes sir. Interviewer: oh when uh somebody when a man uh uh makes a dog mad and the dog comes after it you say well that man's gonna get 543: {NW} dog bit Interviewer: and uh uh when he picks up a rock and lets go he says I'm watching what? 543: watch him uh going to Interviewer: Just uh uh chunk 543: {X} Sure throw and hit him you know Chunking him ya know chunking him bad You know and he chunks him you know Interviewer: #1 And uh # 543: #2 Yes sir # Interviewer: the different calls to animals, can you remember how you used to call in the cows? and call in the horses and things like that 543: yes sir! sure! Interviewer: would you tell me? and here again the book is no help at all - I- uh you gotta hear it 543: {NS} yes sir yes sir Interviewer: I cant write it 543: no sir I'll say it Interviewer: {X} would you uh tell me uh how you used to do that? 543: you would call a cow you would get out there you know and we'd call a cow you know we call 'em sook {D: holler you know and call 'em sook} sook that's for cows you know and they soon learn to come you know and all {NW} Yes sir. {NW} and we whistle you know for the horses like {NW} #1 For the horses # Interviewer: #2 For the horses # 543: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: horses the horses you know. and tell 'em to come on you know and holler and tell them to come on {NW} and then feed 'em something when they get there and then it won't be long before you learn them and whenever they hear that they's coming in to ya {NW} Yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir. Interviewer: and how about the hogs 543: The hog the hog you get out there you know and holler hoo pig hoo pig hoo pig {NW} #1 They coming in # Interviewer: #2 {X} # i see 543: Yes sir hoo pig Come on piggy Interviewer: Did you have a special call for the mules 543: no mules and horses are about the same {NW} yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: and chickens? 543: chick yes sir we get out there and holler chick chick #1 chick # Interviewer: #2 and then they'd come # 543: oh yes sir they come flying and running Interviewer: and uh did you have a call for the sheep 543: {NW} {D: holler out there you know sheepy} sheepy come on sheepy sheepy Interviewer: I see Yes sir that's right. and uh the different noises that animals make uh the calf how would you say that how you would you describe the noise? 543: well of course you know they holler uh you know sort of like a cow {X} a calf holler you know {NW} {NW} That's the way a calf hollers he sounds like that you know Interviewer: And 543: An old cow holler moo Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Moo Interviewer: and how do you describe those calf uh calf somebody said calf blats 543: blates they call it blates yes sir that's right that well that's just the way it is blating Interviewer: uh-huh 543: yes sir for its mother Interviewer: and uh the uh the noise that a horse makes when hes quiet and ready to eat 543: Yes sir Interviewer: shuffling noise what do you call that? 543: Squealing Interviewer: I see 543: squealing Interviewer: And when he's mad and throws his head back 543: snorting he's snorting man yes sir we call that snorting Interviewer: alright did you ever hear nicker or flicker? horse nicker? 543: Nickels that's what we call squealing you know nickeling Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir. That's that's about the sa- it's the same thing. #1 Nickeling and squealing # Interviewer: #2 That's a pretty # Quiet 543: Oh yes sir squeal yes sir That's right or nickeling {X} Interviewer: and uh i also wanted to ask you uh when we were talking about the bore and the uh uh bull what did you call a male horse? 543: we called him a horse Interviewer: the male? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: and uh {NW} well in the older times we called a mare filly as a different as a nicer name than a mare. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: {NW} now they call 'em mare {NW} horses or stud horses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Filly a horse Interviewer: i see 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: now would you tell me everything you can remember about riding the horse and hitching him up and getting ready to go pull a buggies 543: yes sir Interviewer: Things like that would you just describe that 543: Well you got how do you say you made for them, harnesses already made for them of course you know the factory make 'em {NW} They got a collar on they put a collar on that horse and it fits his sh- neck and shoulders and comes out on his shoulder {NW} or if they got some hames they call it they put acro- over that collar. {NW} they got some trace chains to fasten to them hames they got log heads they call it {NW} fasten those traces to them hames {NW} and them traces about six foot long long enough to go back there to hitch to the trail I mean {NW} hitch to the singletree we call it you know the singletree so long there you know it got hooks on it too and traces too. {NW} well it's got a a cuff on it right in the middle you know to hook back to the buggy {NW} or to the wagon either one of course {NW} mostly hitches two horses to the um wagon you can hitch 'em both to that you know one have a tong in between that to guide the wagon you know {NW} to guide these wheels you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and so you can hitch one on one side one on the other {NW} and have some change come out at the end of the tong past to the breast down there {NW} and they just hitch up the wagon and all {NW} going down a hill why they just hold 'em back with the lines on 'em you know {NW} cross lines on 'em you know to hold 'em back to keep 'em from running or going down the hill too fast {NW} and of course you know and then they have a back band they called it crossed it back {NW} to hold the traces up keep 'em from falling down ya know. Yes sir. Then they have a called a belly band with a strap on it that come back under their belly they come up to the trace to keep 'em from ran up and just hold 'em right there you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. And they pull that wagon up there the buggy the same way. Interviewer: Uh, when you uh mention singletree did uh I'm not sure if I understand that, did you have a singletree for each horse? 543: Yes sir. That's right. Interviewer: And then they would hook on to uh.. 543: A doubletree. Interviewer: I see. Say would you join the two of them together 543: Right. Yes sir. Interviewer: I see. 543: See, yes sir. I say to hitch them to a wagon that away you know where you had that singletree {NW} when you have a doubletree on the wagon you know it's hitched to the wagon back here you know {NW} and this end sticking out here and then a chain come back to the wagon you know to keep it straight you know and guide {NW} well this tongue coming up through here you know and one horse on this side of the tongue and one on that {NW} what I mean by the singletree and then you'd have a short singletree here {NW} fastened to this doubletree here on the end. You see and that horse is over here where the shortest tree you know to come up is them traces to. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I see. Uh well you're a good teacher you really make this uh make this clear to me uh uh what what would you use to uh uh make the horse go faster uh 543: Well uh {NW} I tell you what we used back in the old times course they come on up because they did have a some few but {NW} everybody wouldn't able to use them uh a whip kind of a buggy whip oh they got some of them made you know these the long whips you know {NW} and it's kind of platted up out of leather {NW} of course we you know out of {NW} we mostly back then we go out there and cut us a hickory out of the woods. And then they'd just that was good enough to make 'em go. Interviewer: Hmm. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: That was real uh limber 543: Right. Yes sir. Small little hickory you know not one too large you know when you find 'em out there the long keen hickory you know {NW} whip 'em and make 'em go. {NW} Interviewer: And uh let's see when you would ride a horse uh when you'd ride a horse you um you'd have not a lines but you hold on to 543: When you riding him? Interviewer: Ride 543: Yes sir. You know they have a bridle on him and of course bits in his mouth {NW} and you have a line on each side in each reign you know and pull him the way you want him to go you know, yes sir. Interviewer: And uh what did you used to call things you put your feet into? 543: A s- stir Interviewer: sir 543: a saddle stir Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir. Interviewer: And if you didn't manage to stay on and came off you'd say well he fell 543: He throwed him off #1 Throwed him # Interviewer: #2 Throw # 543: yes sir. #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 And # Um, uh, I'm interested in one thing here uh in oxen and mules and horses uh what uh how would you describe two of each of those? 543: The oxens Interviewer: and mules and horses you have uh you have two horses the uh say you got a 543: A horse team Interviewer: A team of horses 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and then if you had two mules 543: Well a team of mules. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say a pair of mules 543: Pair of mules, yes sir, right, that's right pair of mules, pair of horses Interviewer: Either one? 543: Yes sir, right, they're the same thing. Interviewer: Same thing? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And did you see uh people use oxen around 543: I've done it. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Have you? # 543: I've done it. yes sir, man, yes {NW} I I just {NW} look like I wish was back there in that time {D: a long place} {NW} Interviewer: Well you look like you enjoyed it 543: Really yes sir yes sir man {NW} we trained them oxens you know uh and I've seen them haul logs with 'em {X} yes sir. oxens you know we have a {NW} a bowl {NW} alright now I've made 'em and we've and of course the factory makes 'em you know {NW} a yoke and we use a yoke oxen {NW} we have uh well we got some bowls {NW} {X} something something something like this you know this was a bowl a stick {NW} well we go trim it out you know for it to be smooth and make a stick you know and bend it and it would be straight you know we can bend it and make a bow out of it {NW} well we have a long piece of wood {NW} and we cue it out to where it would fit sawed it you know to fit his neck alright now we'd poke two holes in there on that end and we would have it long about four foot long {NW} come across over here to the next one and it would be the same thing. {NW} and we put a hole here and we put a ring here you know to fasten 'em to it {NW} {D: we'd put that bow on top of that yellin's neck that oxen's neck you know} and that boulder on his neck you know {NW} and that big bull is up there on the back of his neck just here bull go cross up there you know the yoke that's what we call it {NW} and this bull go around his neck and go up through that {NW} and man them thing can pull {NW} yeah you put that wagon tongue in between 'em there you know and fan it in that reign that away {NW} and that big yoke go across his neck you know and that bull comes up under it you know so so large about like on them you know where it won't hurt it you know. {NW} and that cows getting pulled Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh did you say you had a yolk, a oxen and like a pair of horses 543: Horses, right, right, that's right yes sir we we we trained 'em up like that. #1 Sure did. # Interviewer: #2 And uh # Did you did you call two of two of the oxen a yolk of oxen? 543: Yoke of oxens that's right. A yoke of oxen Interviewer: Did you ever hear a span of span of oxen? 543: Oh well I don't we just didn't call 'em that then span well I don't know that would be that would be more more of the yoke would it it would be the same thing. {NW} {X} Interviewer: That be so...that be so. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I just, I bet you, you're right 543: Span and I believe {NW} that just run my crazy mind a span would be I thought maybe more than one of course {NW} I've seem 'em like that {NW} and man I've seen 'em with chain and oh man they have {NW} six or eight oxens to one big wagon. Interviewer: Oh I bet that's it. A yolk of oxen would be a two over the yolk. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And a span would be more than two. 543: That's what I'm thinking Interviewer: Three 543: Yes sir they have a chain running right down through all all of them you know in a row you know. Interviewer: Okay 543: Man, yes sir. Interviewer: Fine. 543: I say Interviewer: Uh, I think we talked about oh when you talked about the you have a team and how would you say that you you have a team or how did you have a team or how did you... 543: A team of Interviewer: Uh say uh uh a horses 543: Horses, yes sir a team would just a be a wag- I mean two you know to Interviewer: And how would you describe what you were doing with 'em if they uh say uh you tell a boy you're not old enough pretty soon you're gonna be old enough to what? 543: Drive 'em Interviewer: Drive 'em 543: Drive 'em Interviewer: Yourself. 543: Yes sir, yes sir drive 'em, yes sir. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: Uh 543: And too I would like to mention too about this here becoming these oxen I meant to {X} why you know why they call this place Oxford Interviewer: No I don't... 543: Oxford. Oxford, spell that Oxford Interviewer: I see. Uh they actually use Oxford uh oxen around here that much? 543: Oxes that's what this you mentioned about this that's why they call this Oxford. It used to be here this branch down here you know that back in them olden times you know they uh was going back and forth here through here {NW} and I don't know where where first one the place another can't tell just about a way but anyway {NW} there's a Ford down here and inside the dealer's town here and that's why you know they c- there wasn't no no no creeks I mean the creeks, creeks what I mean is there weren't no bridge down and that's where they make that old Oxford cups and the water was going down through there you see and that's what they call the Oxford we watered the oxens down there you know and everything Interviewer: I see. 543: And that's the reason they call this place Oxford. {NW} Oxford they call it you know they cuts it off like but it's Oxford. Interviewer: The Ford 543: Oxford that's right and they named this little town Oxford and build it up like that yes sir. Interviewer: Uh, what do you remember about your first automobile? The airplane kind of 543: Oh man that, that's right and man you talking about getting scared when we'd meet one of them would go forwards in the road {NW} yes sir I say yes I remember when them there the little old T models come out man {NW} of course you know it was several years before I ever owned one of course but you know around with them you know and other people you know {NW} I'll say it manage in the zone some you know Would ride with them And Yeah I I like to drive them With four wheel on there you know And man I I that's one thing I still drive one of them old T models Interviewer: Is that right 543: Yeah Interviewer: Did uh you have trouble with the tires, when you first came out? 543: Oh y- Interviewer: When somebody... I heard that you had to keep patching the 543: Oh yes sir! Man that's right we patched all the time man we'd have a flat along we'd just stop and {NW} pick it up and step on a s- jack or something or other anything Interviewer: Actually it wasn't as much the tire as it was the 543: The tools the tools the main thing that's right, yes sir. Interviewer: but you would let the air out 543: yes sir I would let the air out, yes sir, that's right, that's right, yes sir Interviewer: Uh how about the gas how did you uh how much gas would they take 543: Uh it would take the right amount of gas on the T model back then yeah I wouldn't know just what but right smart of gas a whole lot more than they do now because {NW} driving along and then you'd had to take the load on 'em you know and pass by no road wasn't rough just {NW} just dirt roads and everything you know and it took a lot of gas. Interviewer: Uh how the about the oils? 543: We didn't use too much oil of course you know no sir no sir that's right. {NW} you know till it get old about wore out you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And you mentioned dirt roads, would you describe how the roads have changed? 543: Oh man Interviewer: Time uh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: {X} all of them dirt 543: right right yes sir that's right. Man we'd have to pick time when using them cars back then we couldn't just use them just any time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: And it had to be a dry time you know and all and the roads just all all the way through the woods. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir just Interviewer: How did, how did they keep up with the roads? 543: Well they didn't sir rich 'em I'd say keep 'em up was there some individual would go along and um roll the {X} or something or other some time {X} work on it their self and took on their own work on it because they're just going over it {NW} and maybe some of 'em are getting you know say let's work work on the road through here and we work so far you know and all get out there to share with the mules or something and other so work on the road and then maybe somebody else take it up and go on further you know #1 Such as that right # Interviewer: #2 So far # 543: Yes sir. That's all. Interviewer: What would you call um a road that wasn't a public road that was just narrow and ran from a public road to a farm... what would you call that? 543: Aw that's just a little old farm {X} Call it you know Yes sir just a little old farm road way Interviewer: And uh do you remember uh uh what the difference or how what the next step was after the dirt road what did they do to make it better? 543: they, well, they'd put gravel on it, call it gravel the road Gravel the road yes sir. #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 And then # Uh what's the next step...? 543: Oh well {NW} frankly what they well sir I think well most black topper road {NW} call it asphalt road you know some {NW} and then what they {NW} concrete in it put what they call the concrete road Interviewer: And uh is that fairly recent 543: Yeah right right yeah that's it, yes sir we had one for several years back yonder before then yes sir. Interviewer: A little road that wasn't public um but was just uh linked several farms what would you call? 543: Just a little old uh it's not a not a public road you know but just a Uh Interviewer: {D: Somebody told me it was a lie away or a neighborhood road or} 543: Well sir that's what they called mostly call it just a little neighborhood road you see just just connecting farms or something together it's a neighborhood road Interviewer: Okay 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: {NS} And uh if your car was uh stuck uh in the mud uh you get a mule and uh take 543: Yes sir many times, many times that's right yes sir {NW} have a good mule if it ain't stuck too bad why just go get a mule and hook to the front of it you know and start it on off and it'd go spin and get on out Interviewer: Yank and pull 543: Yes sir yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: Did you have to get behind and... 543: Well sometime they would you know of course and hot bed is stuck but hardly ever you know {NW} we had good mules back then you know and so Interviewer: No man power 543: Not too much no sir no sir, that's right of course now I'll tell you what we have pushed them a many miles though at night and get off you know that we'd get off any time it rain {NW} and uh maybe several of us in the car you know and ride a piece and then have to get out and push push till {NW} oh man Interviewer: Get out of the mud 543: Yes sir right right right, that's right Sure did. Interviewer: Uh when you have a uh something for uh sawing logs it would look like this what would you call it? 543: A rack. Interviewer: And if you use this and put planks across 543: Yes sir that's uh um whatcha call it um yes sir I know this is a uh {NW} Interviewer: Uh a carpenter 543: Man yes sir that's right what how come I can't call {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I think # You're doing fine I think this is uh.. 543: Good gracious. Interviewer: I uh somebody told me that this is a a thing that looks like this is a rack 543: Yes sir Interviewer: And this is called a bench 543: Yes saw bench man, a saw horse some call saw bench or saw horse you know Interviewer: Which do you remember calling it uh when you were a boy? Do you remember? 543: Saw horse. Interviewer: Saw horse 543: Saw horses that's what we'd call 'em you know. Interviewer: And uh would you describe other tools that you had? Things did you have uh what did you pound with? Did you have regular uh hammers or...? 543: No sir {NS} no sir no sir man that that was something {NW} we'd go out there in the woods and we cut us a hickory and we'd cut us off a block about that long {NW} and something like this and we'd trim out a handle on it right in the middle of it all the way around and leave a handle on it and that handle would be right in the middle of it {NW} handle would be so long you know we trim all this off we'd cut around the chin you know cut around it you know and uh keep that trim off and trim at hand and leave that handle sticking off {NW} without the other part long part it would be about that long you know {NW} where we get it and put it around that fly and kind of toughen it and burn it solder you know? {NW} and that would make it tough. And man we dry posters and Interviewer: Is that right? 543: and wooden wedges, oh yes sir oh it would last a good while Interviewer: Uh when you uh what other things in later on did you get for that? 543: Well we got, we finally got a you know a sledge hammer with this wooden handle in it you know and went to drive and got some {NW} steel wedges we call it you know and that's what we're using now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm but you are actually made your own 543: Yes sir, that's right yes sir good Interviewer: When you um um when have to sharpen something would you describe different things was cradle you mentioned when you were harvesting... 543: Yes sir Interviewer: how would you sharpen that? 543: Well we get a well well we would get a brick man or something like that uh sometime we'd get a file we'd have a file you know and it's got a long blade on it you know where we we'd sharpen wit that that blade you know and have that file {NW} and of course if we didn't have a file in this {X} so for the time we'd get us a brick bed and you know some sharpen good with it. Interviewer: Hmm with a brick bed 543: Yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right sure we done that Interviewer: And your razor uh at home 543: A razor well {NW} we would we would get you know some time on the hand sometime old old leather piece of leather strap or something like that you know and sharpen that razor Interviewer: And how about uh knives 543: Well knives oh man my mother had done that old cook stove oh you know metal stove {NW} sharpen that knife on that stove you know #1 in front of you # Interviewer: #2 So you actually # didn't have any wet stones or 543: No sir, no sir, no sir, no sir {NW} and sometimes we get out there and maybe you know uh {NW} old sand rock or something or other {NW} picked up {NW} and get them knives on there and man and sharpen 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh did you when was it when you finally got big round? 543: Rounded rock {NW} oh it was late, it done got late oh man I was still out in the cold {NW} and turned out that ol' rock with my daddy to sharp axes that's {NW} really I ain't got no sense in them {NW} Interviewer: Well I think... 543: Clearing up land for people you know we move on this place and we clear up land my daddy was a bad manager {NW} well in a way well he just managed and get with the wrong people and all {NW} and he just go along we work we'd get on the man place and clean it up you know he gave us the wood off of it which we got to have wood you know and and cut all the wood off the place and wouldn't have no say and wouldn't get nothing out of it {NW} that's why I worked during the winter during the winter when I would've been in school {NW} and we cleared peoples land that way and all {NW} we start grinding that old ax there you know every morning in the cold and at twelve o clock at noon {NW} and grinding that ax you know for it to be sharp and we'd go and clear up woods clear people's land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what did you uh what do you call that thing with one wheel and handles that you can push? 543: It's a wheel barrow, yes sir. Interviewer: Did you have that when you were pretty young 543: Well yes sir and we would done that we would get out in the woods and cut us a tree down saw us a wheel off you know pulled a hole through it and got a vine stuck through that wheel oh man that thing worked good Interviewer: {X} 543: Yes sir. Got us two sticks and place the binds something else got us two sticks and you know build a hole in 'em and put 'em in that rod you know and made us a wheel barrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: #1 yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Um # when you uh when somebody would start to build something and you really didn't uh wasn't very good at it what kind of carpenter would you call? 543: Well they'd call him sort of a jackleg #1 carpenter # Interviewer: #2 carpenter # I see and that meant that uh he wasn't a real carpenter 543: No sir that's right that's right. no sir he wasn't a good carpenter that's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: he's what you call a Interviewer: Did you ever hear that applied to preacher 543: Uh yes sir right I sort of believe we've got some of 'em Interviewer: And uh that means he's not 543: Not not what he ought to be you know of course He's Interviewer: It's not quite clear to me what he's not a good man or? 543: No he's just not a good man that's right, that's right, that's right. Interviewer: Or he's not educated or 543: Well Interviewer: Uh 543: It could not be the education in Oxford because all of 'em don't have it you know it is {X} {NW} of course he just uh he's not a good man Interviewer: I see 543: That's right and he's just uh going through the job Interviewer: Because you're lucky 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and likes to show off #1 I see oh I see # 543: #2 Yeah right right right that's right, yes sir. # Yes sir. Interviewer: Um and the things that you put in revolvers that you have a certain name not shells or bullets but uh uh things you put in guns 543: Uh c- I mean uh {NS} No no not cartridge {NW} You mean uh Interviewer: I think that's uh 543: #1 Cartridges # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh and you call 'em cartridge 543: That's what we call 'em cartridges {NW} you know put it in the revolver that's cartridges Interviewer: I see 543: Of course you put them in a shot gun we call them shells you know yes sir. Interviewer: And uh the uh I meant to ask you uh when you were talking about shaving did you uh did you have anything to get your hair out of your eyes? 543: No sir no sir no sir {NW} No sir, that's right, sure didn't. Interviewer: Uh did you make anything 543: Well Interviewer: Around how did you? 543: {NW} Well Interviewer: how would women for example a man gotta get a haircut real short but what would a woman do? 543: Well I'll tell you sometimes some few of them had a comb {NW} and I'll tell you man sometimes some would have a comb sometimes some wouldn't and sometimes they would buy a comb so um they'd break it in two and donate it to the neighbors or something like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Was it hard to come by? 543: Oh oh right right man {NW} it looked so pitiful in places {NW} I don't know yes sir that's what they would do back then in them times you know. {NW} and then sometimes they just wouldn't have it I am going to tell you what man it may seem funny that {NW} but too you know {NW} sometimes the husband would have a curl comb to curl the horses with probably you've seen them curly comb that you comb horses with {NW} and that's what a lot of the people would use and comb curl comb you know they got little teeth on them you know and that's what they would brush their hair with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir comb their hair with of course you take some of the women you know they just had to do the best they could combing it which way they could with that curl comb. Interviewer: Oh really had to do for themselves 543: Oh man man right right yes sir {X} Interviewer: Um 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I'd like to ask you also about the different kinds of fences you had uh do you remember the fences made? 543: Yes sir them rail fences, stacked railed fences Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear anyone call them worm fences? # 543: #2 Yes sir # Well mostly, well I'll tell you that's what they {NW} wanted to call them you know them worm fences of course you know {NW} but we just all called them stacked rail fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir stacked rail fences {NW} {X} {D: make them into them there} Thing you know and haul {NW} Yes sir. Interviewer: And what uh what were they replaced by? 543: Other, other, other rails of course you know {NW} yeah when one of them rot go cut some more and uh and uh {X} {NW} or just jack up that at that rail and put in a new rail. Interviewer: Oh, you could just 543: Oh yes sir yes sir sure sure Interviewer: the whole 543: that's right yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: Around uh the garden what would you have? 543: Well uh-huh Interviewer: {X} 543: we'd go out there and cut uh some trees pretty good sized trees you know we had {X} yeah you know of course we had large tree {NW} and cut 'em so long long as you want 'em four, five, six foot long you know and split 'em up {NW} and split 'em in a way to {X} We had a fro We had a hand an uh fro it was sort of made in an L and uh we we'd derive palings out of that. Yes sir thin palings so thick you know {NW} yes sir we learned how to do that you know rive {X} and split it open, ride them {X} you know? Interviewer: Uh you mean you'd take a tree about this big? 543: Oh, larger than that #1 big tree, large tree you know # Interviewer: #2 Large oh I see # 543: #1 and then you spl- # Interviewer: #2 And then you just uh split up like this I see # 543: pieces what you have good and then take that fro then and uh split it just {NW} just narrow as you want them {X} you know just hit it start it in start it in get about half way in split it and bust it open {NW} where you then stick your fro in there and hit it down with another little {X} made you know. {NW} split off the palings you know. Turn it each way you want to go I made a many of paling {NW} Yes sir. Interviewer: {X} 543: And then and then {NW} of course you got the posters out there so you put the posters in {NW} and cut you some old rails split rails you know {NW} and turn 'em up edge the way to where you know the s- the square would you know s- would be up like {NW} trim 'em nail 'em to them posters then nail the palings to 'em. And make some good boards. {NW} Interviewer: Uh what what's the difference between pail fence and picket fence? 543: A picket fence, picket fence, don't know about the picket fences pailings Interviewer: Probably the same thing 543: Maybe maybe a new name they give to palings {NW} we call that a pailing because you make pailings yes sir Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 When you # 543: #2 Yes sir # Interviewer: first got wire uh long ago was that? 543: Aw it's been aw it ain't been so many years ago we you know {NW} course some people had it you know, some but you know most of the people they didn't it ain't been so many years ago before they could get wire you know they still making palings you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: they was good. Interviewer: And you wired the pailings together or 543: Well we nailed 'em. We nailed 'em then you know. Yes sir. Interviewer: And how about the wire with the stickers on... 543: That barbed wire yes sir {NW} we didn't need that then of course uh that's what we put on the past the fence make it a big fence around a lot of the time and a lot of the time we put polls to make it past the fence for the cattle. Interviewer: I see it clearly you said uh... did you ever use the word metal for uh 543: Yeah, right, that's it, that's it yes sir this the metal you know that's what we call the where the Yes sir. Interviewer: Is that bad land or uh 543: Uh, well uh no sir no sir, I'll tell you what it is uh better the land is uh you know the better the grass will be the meadow will be you know Interviewer: Oh I 543: Yes sir. {NW} we just had to pick out a place you know to put the cattle you know {NW} of course they would pick out some good land you know it would be spotty you know {NW} better the land would be the more meadow the cow would have to eat Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir to graze on. Interviewer: And uh uh speaking of land I was wondering different kinds of you say you cleared a lot of land exactly what is bottom? 543: {NW} Bottom is down in the lower land down in the low country you know. Interviewer: #1 Now is that good # 543: #2 {X} # Interviewer: land 543: Yes sir that's good land that where they yes sir that's the bottom and that's the good land {NW} of course we cut on the ridge out on that hill and you know you know {NW} but that bottom land is down in the level land yes sir that's good land. Interviewer: Is uh uh is that swamp or uh 543: No sir, well I'll tell you what now you find some swamp {NW} but uh probably you gonna have you going to try to cultivate it {NW} you probably would have to cut you a ditch through that to drain it in that swamp land where it hit a drain you know and water go off of it {NW} of course you cut a ditch through it like I did my land down in what I got in there {NW} used to overflow a lot and swampy out in there you know {NW} and it got a drag line ditch cut down through there you know where it'll It'll drain the place standing up out there you know. It will soak down and drain off. You know and be dry that swampy land. Interviewer: Okay I see so I suppose you have a wet place in the middle of the field what do you call that uh? 543: Well they call it a s- sea kind of a wet place some call it kind of a spring seep you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: the water sort of {X} you know and makes a wet slash Interviewer: #1 Is that a marsh? # 543: #2 out there. # Interviewer: Or just call it a seep? 543: Yes well you call it a marsh you know sort of a marsh you know out in there you know where a kind of a wet sea place out in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and probably you'll have to cut you a little ditch down through there you know to drain it off into some lower place. Interviewer: When you were a boy did they ever talk about fertile, fertile? 543: Fertilize Interviewer: Uh, fertile land did you ever talk about, did you ever use the word fertile 543: No, no you don't you don't mean fertilize you know something to Interviewer: Uh, fertile to describe land as being 543: Fertile Interviewer: yes 543: No sir, no sir no sir we didn't know nothing about that back then No sir. Interviewer: And, um the different kinds of soil that you've got, the kind that's uh breaks up in your hands easily what what do you call that uh? 543: Well kind of a uh {NW} sandy land like Interviewer: Yeah part sand part. 543: Well it's clay, right, you know yes sir that's right Interviewer: And do you have a name for that or did you? 543: No no oh no called aluminum soil Interviewer: Let me ask you 543: Yes... Interviewer: the uh uh I heard loan and buckshot 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and gumbo 543: yes sir that's right Interviewer: Are they all the same thing? 543: Well pretty well that buckshot land well the buckshot land is kind of {X} {NW} Buckshot land has got little old small little old rocks in it Interviewer: Oh, I see 543: Just small little crumbs of rocks they call that buckshot land {NW} it don't grow to stuff too well Interviewer: #1 {X} # 543: #2 {X} # This Interviewer: Lungs pretty good is it? 543: Yes sir, yes sir that's right, that's pretty good, you know yes sir. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: Yes sir Interviewer: And uh I'll tell you uh something uh you told me how you harvested oats and you tied 'em together uh did you ever have the difference between shocks and sheers and things like that 543: Well that's that's the same thing that's about the same thing. Interviewer: And what, what do you do uh what kind of corn shock, could you describe that? 543: Well of co- wait {NW} yes sir, I'll tell you what now corn shocks is something like this {NW} of course you can cut the whole stalk if you want to and shock it up it's good much better {NW} but if you just want to cut them tops off it you can shock them you see {NW} well you can cut this whole corn stalk off {NW} yeah then you can you can put it in big shocks like that and tie you a string or rope what's the name around it you know and it'll stay out there in the field all the weather {NW} you know if you you know didn't want and of course the stalk can eat off it right there you know {NW} what these oats is is when you {NW} they got uh something fastened we did have you know something fastened on a a blade it's got a long handle in it and it's crooked you know {NW} and uh that blade you know you you you sling it but you got to get used to it {NW} and it's got a cradle on there or something that holds that metal when they cut them {NW} and sort of pulls them around in a little {X} {NW} when you throw that cradle out you know and cut them oats and take this hand and just rake them out you know {NW} in a little barn. {NW} Yes sir just cut that and rake them out and throw them down in a little barn and then you can go back you know oh there'd be the barns about like that every rake every stroke you make {NW} course that's the way you know we did because we didn't have these here things that uh mowers and a lot of stuff like that they come by some things you come by those now {NW} but that's what we did then {NW} we throw it out there you know and just rake that barn in {NW} where we {X} drop them down there you know and just keep it going rock them down where you can go back and tie them down to the old truck in the tie 'em you know {NW} and it would be in barns about like that and it would be more easy to handle you know. Interviewer: Did you stack them together uh? 543: Well you can just after you tie 'em up in the field then you can take 'em out you're supposed to take them on out and then haul them out to the barn put them up in the barn you know. #1 to feed them # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh so they just stay in the field till they dry and then you take 543: Well of course now there's there's {X} {NW} you know whenever you get them cut Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Don't cut them until they're dry 543: No sir no sir well well well you know till it gets sort of dry you know right you don't cut them till {NW} by the time and then that's in the it's hot summer time too cause they'll uh soon dry enough you know at that time of year yes you cut 'em in the bottom you know {NW} we just cut 'em and just lay 'em there and then go back and tie to where you can have them you know in the barn. Interviewer: And uh when it came a time to break the land in the spring would you describe what you do with that uh came a time in the spring to really break the land the crops what... how would you do that uh would you tell me something about that? 543: Now what they plant uh just any crop or Interviewer: Yes any any 543: Well you #1 Take # Interviewer: #2 What are the steps # 543: Yes sir, well you take you know the way they do now you know {NW} Well #1 Well you gonna take # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Back yonder Interviewer: Really more 543: #1 back yonder # Interviewer: #2 {NW} yes # Mm-hmm 543: back yonder you uh we'd get the mules up you know and we'd uh get out there we'd hitch them to a turning plow {NW} now sometimes we'd hitch two to one big two horse plow we call it {NW} and then some why we'd hitch them to a one horse turning plow {NW} and we'd get out there and we'd flat break that land good you know {NW} where we take our dragger section out and drag it off good {NW} and then we'd take our middle buster and we'd row it up and then of course you know if we're going to use fertilize {NW} but {NW} back yonder several years we didn't have to use fertilizer we just planted on that {X} {NW} and of course we {NW} if the if there'd come much of a rain after we'd get it up we'll we'd go right back there with the middle buster and throw it back and drag it off and plant it run the planter {X} {NW} drop it uh {X} {NW} most of the time we would take uh we'd bed it up we'd drag it off level we'd open it with a plow and some of us would take the seed and drop it there and it would come along with a {X} Interviewer: I see uh and you call this uh thing you cut with a plow you call that uh 543: A rope Interviewer: A rope 543: That's right that what we done flat broadcasting. Interviewer: That's just the oh I see 543: Yes sir after we done broadcasted and broke it up we we we take this middle buster and row it up in rows Interviewer: Mm-hmm and call that a row or?s 543: Rows we call that rows that's right we call that rows Interviewer: A row 543: Beds. Interviewer: Is is a row the same as a throw then 543: Yes sir, right, right, right, right, that's right Interviewer: I see 543: Yeah and in rows that way and then we take one of the little plows the smaller plows and we rip them beds {NW} and drop the seed in there whatever we got the plant and then come along with another little {X} drags over there and levels it off and then it come up. Interviewer: What did you call a horse on the left did you have a special name for him? 543: Well of course you know of course we you know there'd be different names you know of course you know {NW} uh called it maybe a a mule or horse or you know maybe named Kate. Interviewer: {D: I was thinking somebody told me that uh the horse on the left was so important because he was the weedle horse} 543: Of course. {NW} that's whenever you a wheel horse of course you know when we that's that's whenever you got maybe four. Interviewer: Oh more than two 543: Right, yes sir. that wheel horse there and that there on the left that's the one you mostly ride you know and {X} guide the other two's in front {NW} you have two to the wheel and uh then two out in the lead hitched on end of the tongue in front of them {NW} that's a four horse team Interviewer: {D: That's more than tw-} 543: Yes right, right, yes sir. And this one on the left is mostly the one that you know you use and you let them {X} guide the wagon wheel horse. Interviewer: Uh did you ever stack hay outside for the animals? 543: Many times Interviewer: And what side? 543: Shock shocks of hay hay shocks Interviewer: Did you ever build anything up on uh a kind of rack and so the animals could get under 543: Yes sir that's right we call that a pen a hay hay rack we call that a hay rack. Interviewer: Ah 543: Yes sir that's right. Interviewer: I see and uh after you planted the clover or grass and you can go back over it a second time and get a second 543: Yes sir that's right Interviewer: what do you call that second uh 543: Well well it's the second harvest over at the crop you know the second crop. Interviewer: Uh did they ever call it a after math or 543: Well they might have this late late years {X} we'd call it back then Interviewer: Second 543: Second crop yes sir. Second cutting or something like that Interviewer: And when you grew cotton uh and you want to get the weeds out the hole what did you call that 543: Chopping chopping cotton that's right yes sir. Called it chopping cotton Interviewer: What kind of weeds did you have? 543: We had different kinds uh {NW} some folks would call it rag weeds we did you know and {NW} then {X} and morning glories and all such as that. Interviewer: Uh the uh when it came time after the harvest to take a certain amount of corn into the mill what would you uh would you describe that uh want to take some corn in just enough for the family 543: Oh yes sir man I've done many that {NS} yes sir we take it uh we'd go in uh and put it in the barn of course when we get it and then we would go to the uh {NW} crib and we'd shuck it get the shucks off of it and uh we was lucky to have a corn sheller {NS} back there in some of them olden time {NS} we'd put in that corn sheller put that cor- ear of corn down in there and had it turning and it had the box on it you know that that that wheel would cut that {NW} shell that corn off of that cob and cob would drop out yes sir we'd shell it {NS} shell us a sack or barrel of corn {NW} and then put in the wagon and go to the mill grease mill they called it and uh they would uh run in and put in the mill they would measure it up in some kind of container {NW} and they would grind it for a percentage of it Yes sir probably a fifth of it Interviewer: Oh is that right 543: Yes sir that's right that's what we had to pay the fifth of it for them to grind it up in mill {NW} yes sir they'd grind it up and put it back in the sack or barrel and then we'd take off home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm did you ever call that amount turn 543: Yeah oh yes sir that's right carry a turn of corn to the mill Interviewer: About how much would be turned 543: Well I'll tell you what we we when we would call it a turn {NW} oh it's something like a bushel or sometime half a bushel and a sack that's why we ride horse back a lot of times {NW} when the family was small Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir that's a turn of corn in a sack or something like that something like a bushel about half a bushel or something Interviewer: Pretty easy to carry then? 543: Oh yes sir yes sir that's right. {NW} Interviewer: And uh the the barrel that you'd have or how did you keep the meal or the flour did you keep it in a in a barrel or did you keep in a sack? 543: Well I'll tell you what the most time uh after I grew up and my family was large and my daddy you know {X} {NW} where he'd keep it in a barrel {NW} yes sir and take the head out and of course nail some strips across the wood {NW} they stay together and you know put it on the keep it over the top of the flour barrel you know {NW} the flour barrel you know that's what he used for meal barrel after he used all the flour out he'd take it for meal barrel too {NW} and of course we'd keep the flour in a barrel or small barrel or large barrel either one you know we'd have {NW} that's what we'd keep it in till we use it out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm...I see 543: Yes Interviewer: Uh why did he meal all the time? Didn't he have anything around this? 543: Well of course you see {NW} when you turn that top out why it's it's in sections it's made in sections the planks you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and of course it's cut out around you know {NW} when you when you tear it out while they'll all fall apart {NW} you put a little strip across that and hold 'em together. Interviewer: Did they have anything around? 543: Well that was around the barrel yes they had hoops around the barrel {NW} but the head of it you know that's where we would go into it you know through one end of it we call it #1 sinner # Interviewer: #2 Oh sure I see. # 543: I see yes sir yes sir that's right set it up on the end Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Uh and what's uh what did you have uh what did you call a smaller barrel that you keep nails in? 543: Nail kegs Interviewer: That's uh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh and did uh molasses did you buy molasses or did you make your own? 543: We made our molasses raised 'em yes sir that's raised 'em Interviewer: And what would you keep the molasses in? 543: Well most of the time whenever they finally got up along we'd keep in a barrel of course sometimes we'd have kegs twenty gallon or ten gallon kegs {NW} you know just small barrels you know and that's what we'd keep them in. Interviewer: And if you had molasses on the table what would you keep it in there 543: On the table Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir we'd keep it uh um uh some kind of fruit jar or something or another back then you know {NW} we'd draw out the barrel in a gallon bucket or something or other like that and uh you set it {D: in the kitchen some place or other and then pull in that} that old fruit jar and set it on the table Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see 543: Right, yes sir. Interviewer: and uh what did you use to get the what do you call what did you use to get the molasses from the pale into the fruit jar? 543: {NW} Well uh #1 tell you what now # Interviewer: #2 Went through something # 543: {NS} Uh no sir that we didn't then sir of course now {NW} we fixed the barrel where we'd lay the barrel down and there was a hole in it you know to pull the stopper out {NW} and they would just run down into that bucket And we'd when they get a bucket full just stick that stopper back in there you know a round piece of wood that fits in there {NW} and just put it in there and it'd cut them off {NW} we'd put the get us some blocks and lay the barrel on top of it you know to where it'd be up to where we can handle it you know {NW} and just pull that stopper out and let the bucket run full Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir and then just put the stopper back in and just cut 'em off Interviewer: And then then from the pale into the fruit jar ... 543: Yes sir well we'd usually just turn it up you know and pour it gradually to where it'd go into the fruit jar you know small Interviewer: #1 Did you have anything like a # 543: #2 string. # Interviewer: um tumbler or a something with a wide mouth that 543: #1 Oh yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Taper down # 543: Oh yes sir yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right. Interviewer: Would you use that? 543: Aw yes sir now we could use that sometimes you know a faucet a funnel a faucet what's maybe you would call that Interviewer: I see 543: yeah that's the same thing. Interviewer: But was it made out of wood 543: Tin yeah tin, yes sir. {X} we could make that and just cut you out a piece of tin and put it around there {NW} and stick some holes in it and get you some short layers and cut 'em off and brad it together oh it'd be tight Interviewer: I 543: Makes it to that Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh you used the stopper in the barrel what would you use in the bottle same uh? 543: Yes sir the same thing well in a bottle you know Interviewer: Right 543: well uh {NW} that lid you could take it in the bottle mostly had a lid on it you know and you know this could uh just wreck it down over there you know and that would cut it off and screw it back there Interviewer: I see uh now other bottles did you have uh uh how did you stop up smaller bottles with uh 543: Aw man take corn cob That was good Interviewer: #1 Oh I see! # 543: #2 The corn # Cob stop works Interviewer: I see uh I suppose glass, glass stoppers pretty hard to come by 543: Oh yes sir yes sir that's right sure sure Interviewer: Did you have any corks 543: No sir well I'll tell you what there weren't not too many corks we used them you know cobs in there like yeah {NW} course might could get a few of them cork stoppers you know but it's making out uh Interviewer: You had to use what you had 543: That's right, right, right that's right yes sir Yes sir. Interviewer: Different kinds of uh sacks uh bags would you explain that for example somebody was telling me about uh a towsack and I'm not just clear yet on uh what a toe sack is? 543: Yes sir that's right uh these old some folks call them a grass sack it's the same thing {NW} made out of this here grass looking twine it's knitted you know factory knitted you know it looks like sort of a grass kind of a grass sea grass sea grass Interviewer: I see 543: {X} Interviewer: Pretty rough 543: Yes sir right right right that's right yes sir. Interviewer: What would come in that bag? 543: Well uh now I'll tell you uh feed now the most of it comes in horse feed now what they you know makes that horse feed and the cow feed too you know that makes them sacks and puts them in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and too now they're going to make them plastic bags which you take back yonder man tow sacks then {NW} why they didn't they were scarce back then {NW} did a lot of this stuff they making now we didn't have it back yonder it wasn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: No sir Interviewer: What's a Kroger sack? 543: That's the same thing Croaker sack that's the we old folks call them croaker sacks and tow {NW} the we used call it that's what we used to call it croaker sacks back yonder Interviewer: Oh that's the older 543: Yes the older name. Interviewer: I see 543: They coming on down with these towsacks grass sacks now that's the style they've got we called them tow sacks back yonder Interviewer: I see uh will you go to um the store uh when you were a boy you go trading would you have any of the paper that you said they wrap up things in paper did they have any bags or sacks? 543: Well not too much back then {NW} no sir usually we had a lot of stuff without that {NW} and maybe some kind of old paper just mostly any kind Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and that would do. Interviewer: Uh today uh you don't call you call it a paper and there's a towsack but a paper a paper bag is that uh yeah when you go to the grocery today do you... 543: Paper bag Interviewer: Paper bag 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: But uh that's so common its hard to think that you never had never 543: Right Interviewer: #1 Never had them # 543: #2 Right # That's right. Interviewer: #1 But you you # 543: #2 Sure sure # Interviewer: when you buy things at the grocery you wouldn't get bag. #1 Get a bag # 543: #2 No sir # No sir no sir maybe they find an old pace wood box yeah some of that stuff come in where they save them course this pile all this stuff in that pace wood box Interviewer: #1 I see save on bags # 543: #2 Right oh yes sir # yes sir yes sir Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir that's right Interviewer: Uh and how how would you mentioning this how would you buy oh sugar from the store how would that come? 543: Well I'll tell you what they would have a little bag of sugar {NW} we didn't use so much sugar back ya then {NW} but uh they would get us some kind of a bucket or something or other and b- we we we'd haul we'd carry sugar home in buckets {NW} of course we'd bring some see they'd have sugar in barrels of sugar at the store or maybe sacks of sugar barrels mostly {NW} and get something or another to put it in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: maybe uh some jars did Interviewer: Anything you can carry it 543: Right yes sir just anything you would have to carry mostly to put in Interviewer: You that would be uh buying a thing that's uh not packaged but in 543: books books right yes sir yes sir that's right that's why the done the mostly Interviewer: What that means is you you put it in anything that you had to 543: Right right yes sir glad to hung up something or other to put it in yes sir Interviewer: I see 543: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 Uh # Uh well I'll tell you have been I don't have very much to go here ordinarily... Ordinarily 543: #1 I say # Interviewer: #2 Don't say as much # longer uh I would like to finish with you I don't think it will take us this long but you really uh you know exactly what I'm looking for and you've been very helpful. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh so let me uh I can see you again and get a few more questions on the lion and a few questions about uh the house and food that you would eat. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh and I think we can finish it up in another session 543: Well good then yes sir cause I'm going to have to go now to get around to the where the office you know where I live I got to {NW} be there whenever they quit and take it over cause they don't shut the doors and all. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: And I'm going to get around yeah and uh when {NW} when you think you could have a change to go some more what Interviewer: Any... any time I'll arrange uh let's uh as I say you really have been helpful I would like to finish with you uh and make a complete picture of how life used to be 543: Yes sir Interviewer: So uh whenever you say uh I'll I'll arrange uh tomorrow I'd like that lady you were talking about uh 543: Oh yes sir yes right, that's right. Interviewer: You know her? uh 543: {NW} Really I don't by name but I guess I know her but not by name cause well I meet several people have come in over there you know {NW} and I'm around there fixed with a meeting sitting up front and all {B} would be a good time to meet her Interviewer: tomorrow? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I don't know but I'll check it um well you've you've become here will you be there tomorrow or you have any time tomorrow or not Or if you're free on Sunday how are you 543: No sir I wouldn't be this this Sunday because my son is coming from St. Louis down here and we are going to be tied up for this Sunday {NS} let me see Interviewer: Could I see you maybe a couple... 543: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 543: something Interviewer: I'm glad uh glad you did I just wanted to start the recorder so I can uh and he was a slave around... 543: My granddaddy was a slave back then you know of course then of course there was uh {D: PE} {NS} and uh that's the way we got our name was {D: they went over yonder both} {NS} and uh then brought my granddaddy over here you know {NS} and that family that had him. {NS} He Interviewer: Took his name... 543: Yes sir that's the way they named 'em you know after that family. Interviewer: Uh-huh...I see so it must of been well you know this county is has a French name so uh 543: we have yes sir Interviewer: they've been founded by French families 543: yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right Interviewer: long way back 543: Wasn't it well yes sir that's right sure yes sir {NW} Interviewer: okay well we were talking uh about uh land I think uh you had to leave the other day uh I was wondering what what uh what what do you call various different kinds of streams of water I know you talked to me about the creek the other day uh what's smaller than the creek 543: What's smaller than a creek a branch Interviewer: A branch 543: Branch Interviewer: Uh-huh and if uh the water cuts the heavy rain and the water cuts down and digs out the dirts what do you call that? 543: What digs out a way to go itself then we call that a gully Interviewer: I see 543: Gully Interviewer: {D: And if it cuts out of a really big service galley as big as this room what would you} 543: Call that a cave call it a cave Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And if it has a if it just cuts down on the side of it side of a hill what would you call that? A whole side of a hill has a big cut in it... 543: We would call that you know well we would {NW} mostly would be uh it's called a big gully down cross the hill or something like that's the way we would talk {X} Interviewer: {D: And uh would you ever hear the word uh {X} uh is that a big gully or uh} 543: Ravine {NW} Well I'll tell you the way we c- what we called that then was a just a big old Growed up place Interviewer: I see 543: Probably that's uh {NS} Different Interviewer: Mm where the water bends but it grew up 543: Yes sir Water was bending but you know it's done growed up you know and uh just a big ravine we'd call it you know just so thick you know you couldn't hardly get through #1 In that ravine yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And uh you don't have any uh you don't really have any mountains around here do you uh I wonder there is a town north of here called Blue-Blue is it Blue, Blue mountain? uh 543: Here's a place out north back in the north uh northeast it's called Blue Mountain it's a it's a little town there they call Blue Mountain Interviewer: I went through there but I didn't see any mountains 543: I say {NW} yes sir well they're mostly out in the edge of it this is close sort of the level part of this blue mountain you know {NW} well it's not it's not as large of mountain as it is back yonder like {X} mountain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: It's just out in there it is some little ridges back out in there in the edge of that you know {NW} and they set their little town over there in the edge of that and then they just called that Blue Mountain. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I see, Actually its more of a ridge or hill right 543: Yes sir, yes sir yes sir Interviewer: And uh different kinds of trees that grow around the Earth uh this tree that's sort of green and yellow bark and has a kind of patches on it uh uh some people call it uh a button ball, button wood, uh I'm wondering if you know tree that is 543: Well it's not a {X} I mean uh button wi- no button willow is just low Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Uh bu- a button willow, a ball willow Interviewer: {NW} 543: It's not maybe that's not the kind you Interviewer: Did you ever hear the sycamore 543: That's right yes sir. Interviewer: What's that 543: Oh that's a big old tree you know and the bark just plum slick on it you know. It grows tall and it'd have little balls on it little fuzzy balls on it like that it it it grows tall. Interviewer: It does? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I uh they have many in town here uh? 543: Yes sir yes sir but I don't know where I don't see any of 'em we do they do do have them here around here in town yes sir they grow around here Interviewer: I see 543: sycamore they grows tall Interviewer: I see a lot of oaks and things like that 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh um uh what about this uh vine turns red in the fall and its supposed to be poisonous uh 543: Well is it poison oak we haves that vine that runs this a poison oak Interviewer: Poison oak? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: And that will if you know lots of people and it's it'll very get on you very easy {NW} you know break out just puff up and break out on you Interviewer: Is that a three uh leaf 543: Yes sir that's about a three leaf that's right, yes sir. Yes sir that's right. Interviewer: And then what's the uh what's the bush that you see and that's supposed to be poison uh the bush that turns red also and its supposed to be poisonous also it'll do the same thing I guess uh 543: Yes sir oh yeah that'll will do the same thing you know that that poison oak we got that vine you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. There's a bush that does the same thing I wonder what you call that... it turns bright red pretty early in the fall 543: I just don't remember any of this right now what kind of a bush they called that because we Interviewer: Is it a shoemake? 543: Shoemake We have a shoemaker Interviewer: But maybe that's not poisonous uh 543: this this I don't know how you're thinking of it it's not that shoemaker it grows up up in a bushy place you know bunches and all but we call it shoemaker {D: I call it weedlack} {NW} but I don't remember whether that's poison or no Interviewer: Hmm, mm-hmm 543: Yeah. Interviewer: What are some of the things you don't want your cow to eat uh? 543: Them old buckeyes Interviewer: Is that? 543: Yes sir buckeye balls Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Aw that's Oh yes sir they growed in bushes about head high in in bunches of bushes and balls come on there and look sort of like a chestnut yes sir and they get dried and then they're horrible to peel over and look just like chestnuts but they're larger than chestnuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and man cows eat them things it'll kill 'em for sure Interviewer: #1 It-it will? # 543: #2 Yes sir. # buck eyeballs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Somebody said that # 543: #2 Buck eye # Interviewer: there's a road to Denver or a mountain laurel? Does that sound familiar? Is that supposed to be poisonous to cows? 543: Well that's uh I don't know sir, now they they they got a different name uh that's uh {NW} I wouldn't know just the other name but the others is would be Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: That's right. Interviewer: Anything else make cows sick that you can think of? 543: Well as far as uh vines that a way {NW} more than this uh sorghum you take where people plant this sorghum at {NW} and uh cut it and uh that sorghum will sprout out again before the frost and if the cows eat that that that will kill 'em you know {NW} just that green sorghum you know it'll sprout out on that mass stubs was cut off there {NW} and just it would get about that tall you know and all {NW} and I mean that'll really kill that cow. Interviewer: I wonder what's in it to kill it? 543: Well it's just the type the the stage that that old sorghum in it's poison to the cow you know at that stage you know {NW} of course if it were grown up and probably get uh almost ripe or something or other it was good for them Interviewer: Oh, I see 543: Yes sir, yes sir Interviewer: It's just that that particular 543: Yes sir that particular time that's right. Interviewer: Yeah I never knew that. 543: Oh yes sir yes sir and I've knowed people's cows break out in the in the field you know {NW} after well it'll do that whenever it just come up just when you first plant it and it get up so high {NW} if they get in there and eat a bite of that before you know it get ripe enough to cook why man it would kill them sure yeah. Interviewer: Hmm somebody told me that the poke berry is uh 543: Well I'm gon' tell ya now I'm gonna tell ya I-I don't know that poke berry is killing 'em now it might will but I don't know if it's killing them {NW} because I'm gonna tell ya I got a right smart that goes down in my pasture before I clear it up you know and lots of it and them cows that eat right smart of that and it didn't kill 'em Interviewer: Is that right? 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: course {NW} maybe a type of something other you know that at the time but but it it growed up in the pasture and they ingested lots of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yeah Interviewer: Somebody was telling me that uh you can you can take poke berries for medicine and its good for you if you don't take the name 543: #1 Oh yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 That the # cow uh Eats a lot why uh 543: sure Interviewer: #1 or maybe it # 543: #2 Maybe # Interviewer: Maybe it was the root 543: Well that root that that that poke berry that poke berry it's {NW} that poke berry is a little dangerous I'll tell you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: If it's not handled right Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: makes uh I've forgotten what its supposed to be good for but uh 543: It sure Interviewer: {X} 543: well really it's good I'm going to tell you It's good for your blood If you know that's right Interviewer: that's right, that's what I heard that it was a red mixed with red tea or something and 543: Well I'll tell you what {NW} I don't know about using them berries but them berries get ripe of course you know and you make a tea out of it but I didn't know enough about it uh fluid like that {NW} I used to pokes at it when it would come up you know {X} get up so much you know and then just break off them leaves and cook 'em Interviewer: Mm 543: oh yes sir they taste good Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: cook 'em you know just like cooking greens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir cause this poison {X} you know the women folks have to know how to cook it you know boil it down low and then pour the water off of it {NW} and then boil it again and then fix it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh around that subject have you ever heard about rhubarb that you're not supposed to eat the leaves uh 543: Well I'll tell ya we didn't know much about that name Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: that's right Interviewer: Uh it has a red stalk and great thick leaves which uh leaves are supposed to be poisonous 543: I say I don't know much about it Interviewer: I don't know 543: course that must be something come on lately yes sir Interviewer: This big uh tree with a real shiny dark green leaves has big flowers what do you call that? I see them in town took a walk down here there's a house down there named after it real dark green shiny leaves with big white flowers 543: Oh the magnolias Interviewer: Mag- 543: magnolias Interviewer: did you always call it magnolias what I'm wondering is somebody said called it a cucumber tree 543: Cucumber uh Interviewer: Maybe its a different tree uh 543: Oh then that's that's the well uh well back in my time as far as I can remember you know I think I just remembered as far as I can remember oh we called let's see found out they called it a little magnolia tree Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: they might have called it back then but it's to my remembering you know magnolia tree right out here in front of this building you know we got some that save two trees there {X} Interviewer: There's a house down here 543: #1 Yes sir, yes sir in love with that right? Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 There's a lot of them # 543: Down on the Interviewer: I guess they call the house magnolia 543: maybe so Interviewer: But they might 543: Yes sir that's right yes sir Interviewer: I'd like to ask you about some bugs um different kinds of bugs sting you or hurt pretty bad? 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Would you name those 543: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 and just # describe them 543: Well let's see now that {X} Be wasps you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh what uh do they live in a paper nest 543: Yes sir paper nest that's right they raised and hatches in paper nests {NW} but it's not not them big ones like that you see or some of the larger {X} them is uh hornets that that that build in them big old solid papers Interviewer: Oh really? 543: Oh yes sir Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir them was hornets. Interviewer: Then what do you call the ones that live in logs 543: Uh bumble-bees that's bumble-bees they'll cut into that you know and uh of course you take wasps were building that if it's got a big enough hole in it that way the wasps would be like if you take a bumblebee they'll cut in these walls you know uh ceilings up there something or other and they they raise in that you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: now uh and then you take them logs and them old wasps they go in there and make a nest you know and all they make some nest kind of like a paper nest you know and lay and hatch in that you know Interviewer: I see 543: yes sir Interviewer: {D: uh what do you call the stingers that make a nest that look to me like its made out of jerch instead of paper} 543: Uh dirt dauber Interviewer: okay and are they uh they sting ya 543: they they they don't sting they they'll bite of course you know if you you know catch 'em or something or other they'll just bite you no but they're not poison no sir Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: that's right yes sir. Interviewer: and the little ones that get you in the summer make 543: oh man them things hurting now the little yellow jackets Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: man them the terriblest things man they just stick all over you when you not see 'em man but they they work and reckon to go to sting you {NW} yes sir them yellow jackets. Interviewer: I guess they can actually kill you 543: Yes sir Interviewer: If they uh your they get get at you I guess they could really kill you 543: Oh yes sir Interviewer: Uh how about the harmless bugs if you have do you remember the names that you used to call those bugs that didn't really hurt when they stung you 543: Um let's see, let's see, bug let's see I don't know sir them old no we them well June bugs we don't I don't remember them stinging or nothing Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the little ones that buzz and maybe itch if they bit you 543: Well well what do you call them bugs uh yeah I remember them uh we called them scarlet bugs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: they'll I don't know what that is you know they some kind of something come out like juice {X} you know and all {NW} {D: we call the little scarling bugs} you know they might have they name them different these days Interviewer: And uh the one that uh doesn't bother you very much just scratches you when it bites you have to itch for a bit then it goes away what do you call that uh 543: Uh Uh let's see I wouldn't just remember them but Interviewer: they uh you have experience or 543: Oh yes sir well uh yes sir them's those flying bugs that's right yes sir we have mosquitoes that's right Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: some of them call them some of them {X} and in the some {NS} them little old some of them are small those fellas but man they hurt just hurt like a big one do and I can get the names of the big ones but some of them is larger than the others you know Interviewer: Uh I think I've seen them some of them get 543: Ye- yes sir that's right sure, sure. Yes sir. Interviewer: and how about the little things that if you walk through the weeds they get under your skin 543: Aw, them ants Interviewer: Well 543: It's not ants is it? Interviewer: Or uh uh if you just walk through some weeds they may irritate you through the woods get under your skin to make a little welt 543: Uh that is not a tick...is that a tick? Interviewer: Is that a tick 543: tick #1 oh yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Well is that the # same thing as as a chigger? 543: No sir {NW} no sir chigger is another little thing now that's two of them you know it's um now chigger is a small little old thing and it's red man yes sir he he get on you you know and he like he just hide {NW} other words for when he bites you know {NW} why your skin will swell up over it {X} them chiggers you know {NW} little old red things I mean it makes a large welt on you you know yes sir {NW} and then ticks is another thing it's too man it's dangerous {NW} Oh there's about like a match head oh they would grow to be larger you know if you just {X} but some of them are just small {NS} and man some of them is poison {NW} we had a lot of trouble with them you know and they {NW} seem like it's immune to you it's just a little hard brown thing you know and man them things poison you if one of them get on you, you can pull it off and man it just still stings and swells up {D: and eats you for} months Interviewer: Hmm 543: that's right yes sir. some of them say their head in there but I looked for the head that when you pull them off but I didn't haven't seen no head that's what they say about it you know Interviewer: Oh the head stays in? 543: Yes sir the head stays in they still leech on {NW} but I'll tell you what some of them do out in the country now whenever they find one of them on it they take a match and strike it {NW} and uh hold it to them and make them turn loose before they pull them off and it said it won't bleed their head. Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I see 543: And and it's it's causing a lot of trouble these ticks these different kind of ticks Interviewer: they uh they don't really come to your clothes 543: Yes sir oh yes sir that's right yes sir just walking around the yard {X} Interviewer: #1 And # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: How about uh the kind of bugs that jumps like this? 543: Well we call them uh {NS} pop bugs I don't know what {NW} yes sir we call them pop bugs popping bugs Interviewer: and if they jump uh some of the big ones they jump 543: #1 Oh yes sir sure sure # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: snap bugs Interviewer: uh-huh they ever call them hopper furnace 543: Oh now now now we we've got two of them like that we that's that's what we we do have a well we call them grasshoppers Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Yes sir oh man they can jump real grasshoppers and we always would ask and talk and send about them grasshoppers the grasshopper he dance and sing all of spring and summer and die when fall come and the ants they puts away they works all the fall and spring and summer and putting away their food and when winter time come they have food they live off it Interviewer: Does the ants eat them up 543: yes sir yes sir that's right yeah we have them grasshoppers oh man they can jump a long ways I played with them a lots of times Interviewer: I see! 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh then there's spiders make uh leave uh webs around I'm wondering what you call them in the house say up in the corner what do you call that uh? 543: We call it spider webs you know Interviewer: Spider webs 543: spider web Interviewer: you see one in the barn and it's full of dust so what do you call that uh 543: well that's not a web one. Interviewer: well if you just see a the same it looks almost just like a spider web except its full of dust you know you see it in the dark dusty place 543: Yes sir yes sir uh Interviewer: specially in barns 543: Uh no they never made no cob webs they call these little bitty ones cob webs they get around in there {NW} what I see we got the black spiders, the green spiders, and sorts of that you know and all Uh Interviewer: Did you ever call them a cobweb? 543: Cobweb cobweb sure Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: that's that's that's what that one makes makes that uh bigger {NW} oh man I've got 'em a lot of times you know {NW} some of them spiders you know they just make a long streak across you know uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and if you see a if you see a web in the morning on some plants what do you call that, outside? if its wet sometimes you'll see a web with spots of water 543: Oh oh oh right right I've seen them a many time {NW} but I'll just tell you what we call them spider web Interviewer: they're all spider webs 543: spider webs you know because them spiders build them things Interviewer: I see 543: to {NW} but probably it has a different name you know {NW} we just didn't name all of them you know different names Interviewer: Uh some people call them cob webs and some call them spider webs 543: Spider webs yes sir yes sir yes sir Yes sir. Interviewer: all same thing I guess {NW} 543: Ah that's what we thought Interviewer: and if you see uh bug that flies around with a light and can't keep him away from the light he's got kind of powdery wings and he goes he sees a light flies around it 543: many times I've seen them yes sir we has them bugs we call 'em candle flies Interviewer: candle flies 543: #1 candle flies # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: candle fly Interviewer: and uh if uh the bugs they look like the same thing if they get in your clothes and lay eggs and they eat them up what uh 543: Oh um Interviewer: what's that especially wool I guess 543: yes sir mites we call them mites Interviewer: mm-hmm do you ever have anything called moths 543: well well moths that's what we call them moths Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: yes sir they man you uh you'd be surprised how much those things do eat up your clothes and cut them up you know {X} moths you know {NW} and uh you're putting up clothes that are wool and everything you must have to put these moth balls in there and they got some stuff they called moth balls {NW} some stuff oh it smells strong and all the scent odor it stays with you {NW} and that will keep them out of them Interviewer: {X} 543: yes sir {NW} that's right Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: Yes sir Interviewer: and uh how about the bug that flies around and flashes light in his tail? 543: oh man lightning bug Interviewer: uh-huh 543: caught a lot of them and put them in bottles Interviewer: I bet when you were a boy 543: boy boy yes sir yes sir way back yonder #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yes sir Interviewer: uh and how about the kind of bug that goes over water and he has two sets of wings and he darts and hovers and darts 543: we called them snake doctors Interviewer: snake doctors 543: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 I see # does that mean there is a snake around? 543: {NW} We've looked for them around yes sir that's right we looked for them you know when they're around {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: We called them snake doctors. Interviewer: uh-huh 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and how about some birds that you have uh the uh the big bird that the guys might 543: {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 543: yes sir Interviewer: and if if the uh if they tend to get bigger and {X} and they go hoo 543: Hoot hooting owls we call them hooting owls yes sir Interviewer: and how about the uh the bird that uh that usually speaks and cuts out 543: Well some folks call them woodchucks and we call them we always call them peckerwoods Interviewer: uh-huh somebody told me that uh back he showed me that he had to trance him like that and the peckerwood just cut a hole size of my palm 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: just a neat round 543: yeah that's right they do it yes sir Interviewer: just took it right out 543: yes sir yes sir that's right Interviewer: matter of fact he shot him and kept him on the mantle 543: ye- yes sir I say good {NW} you take on these here big power lines man I've seen a hold of that and them peoples have come along you know {NW} and just big holes in there you know they cut you know and make build nestings in there {NW} they come along and nail screens over it to keep them out of there you know Interviewer: Oh there is 543: yes sir keep them replacing that pole wasn't you know bad enough but they would still need that posting too you know {NW} that's right Interviewer: they've got a lot of energy 543: yes sir yes sir sure Interviewer: and how about little animals that are oh they kill your chickens what do you call those? the uh different I mean all different kinds what do you call those if you take them in from the woods then the chicken house 543: I'll tell you them minks is bad minks will cut they throat and drink they blood and just leave them there you know and all {NW} then we have possums will come in and and and and catch the chickens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir Interviewer: do you have anything that smells pretty bad if you're scary 543: I hope we get him {NW} {X} I'll tell you now his regular name is a po- or a skunk {NW} we called him polecats back them you know yes sir that's right Interviewer: any of them ever catch it? 543: {NW} oh many times {NW} I used to hunt a lot you know and all {NW} man be down digging in the ground and they couldn't tell what he was till he come up there you know and then I'd know. {NW} Yes sir. Interviewer: that is cool if you hit them on the road they really 543: Oh man man yes sir Interviewer: {X} 543: yes sir not long ago yeah uh we drove close to one where somebody done run over it {NW} yes sir Interviewer: what do you call all of them put together if you see uh say a possum a hull cat together what do you call those do you ever call them garments or 543: well uh varmint well we we mostly called them uh uh uh game Interviewer: oh that's game 543: game yes sir yes sir game Interviewer: what's what kind of animals would you call garments 543: well such as a bear or panther or something like #1 that you know # Interviewer: #2 Oh bigger # 543: Yes sir oh yes sir yes sir that's right such as them {NW} maybe wild cats or something or other like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm but you're used to having them? 543: Oh yes sir yes sir yes sir Interviewer: You did 543: Yes sir sure did that's right Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir used to have them around in there Interviewer: and the different kinds of squirrels 543: well we have two different kind of squirrels here uh and all I ever know the gray squirrel {NW} and they called it fox squirrel the fox squirrel is much larger than the gray squirrel yeah the gray squirrel is smaller squirrel. Interviewer: and uh do you happen to have something that looks like a squirrel but he doesn't go up in the trees he just runs on the ground and 543: Yes sir we has rabbits. Interviewer: I see uh but they 543: something else Interviewer: yeah these are almost exactly like a squirrel about so big and they run along the ground in fact I think they may live in the ground or 543: oh yeah we got Interviewer: logs 543: weasels we got some little things like we- yeah look like squirrel they weasels they're small little ani- uh {NW} you know game and so we had something like that like a weasel. Interviewer: but uh ground squirrel or gopher or if you don't have them here 543: no sir we don't have them you know around this part of the country no Interviewer: south Georgia they tell me that uh a lot of them there 543: yes sir Interviewer: but uh that may be this far north 543: no sir I think not I haven't been down there a lot you know Interviewer: would you tell me uh something about the different kinds of frogs that you remember uh 543: well I'll tell ya I can tell you about some of them some of them we got is bullfrogs we call them red big old things bullfrogs we call them {NW} and then uh course some of them is larger than the others of course I think mostly some of them just larger than other a lot older they get then we have some toad frogs they little old rough toad frogs around they stay around the house mostly around the yard around out that way {NW} and uh excuse me I don't know some of them is reddish looking and then some of them is kind of gray-ish looking Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: them toad frogs {NW} then we have some little old we call them street frogs little old slick frogs you know that gets up in trees in little old sh- sh- holes or something like that low places you know and sticks around on trees Interviewer: uh have they ever are they supposed to sing when it rains? 543: oh yes sir man {NW} yeah yes sir they really sing. Interviewer: then they're supposed to be a sign? 543: sign of rain right yes sir you hear them hollering man it ain't going to be long before it's raining Interviewer: I see #1 how about # 543: #2 yes # Interviewer: the uh the animals with a hard shell on their back 543: yes sir now we got uh several kind of them {D: we got some tabbin we call them tabbins} {NW} some of them you know not so large you know snow while its kind of round you know not round but just almost round Interviewer: about as big as your hand 543: yes sir that's right sure yes sir and then we have some turtles with the large shells on them. Interviewer: they're the ones that live near the water 543: yes sir that's right yes sir they stay around the water mostly Interviewer: and the thing that you uh find in uh oh if you turn over a rock and there's a stream he's got claws and he swims away what uh 543: well we uh now uh we have some well we call them uh {NW} uh uh l- lizards lizards we call them lizards we call them some of them is uh {NW} water dogs we call it you know people {NW} some of them like that {NW} they get some fish with them {NW} do they they have some of them you know they got feet but we may not be talking about the same thing but we {X} Find them you know {NW} did uh they sort of like a little old we got four feet you know sort of like a lizard {X} Interviewer: is that the same as a crawdad? 543: {NW} well no sir a craw dad is we call them craw fish and some say crawdad {NW} uh crawdad is a kind of a they got got feet you know in front them large feet you know man they can paint you {NW} and then they got a lot of small little feet there on the toward the back end of it Interviewer: is it just the two big 543: two big up there yes sir Interviewer: {X} 543: yes sir and so they have a tail come back you know {NW} and man they can coil that tail up you know and turn push one way or another and they can crawl off you know {NW} and they gets in the water {NW} of course they bites the fish hook some time if you {NW} they go to bite bite like a fish {NW} and uh if you raise your hook up while they stay on it you can bring them out of course you know they still stay on that hook you know Interviewer: and uh do you eat them uh 543: well I'll tell you peoples eats them now yes sir that's right now you take uh off in these big waters and where they grows lots you know and all the people catch them and eats them that a way {NW} and then of course around on these little branches and around with places you know they small and just ain't large enough to fool with but we we feed through them a lot we caught them and pull that off you know and they got some small little places of meat on them you know always putting clean looking meat on them we put that on a fish hook and we catch fish with them but you know what in these big waters you know and all they're larger they eat some you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: yes sir. Interviewer: uh you uh have any uh did you ever eat anything when you were a boy like uh oysters? 543: well uh yes sir uh oh man we found lots of them in these creeks and all Interviewer: did you? 543: oh yes sir that's right yes sir big old thing that oyster shell you know and he's in there Interviewer: is that right? 543: yes sir yes sir yes sir Interviewer: you don't find them anymore do you? 543: well not too much no sir you can get off in some of this back water you know and all the way it goes back down you know and you'll find a good many once in a while but not say like you used to you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir. Interviewer: um that's good eating! 543: oh ye- oh yes sir! man they pull that shell open you know sort of like a sort of like a peanut but they you know just more straighter {NW} busted open man these in there you know Interviewer: uh-huh 543: yes sir Interviewer: speaking of eating uh its about noon uh can I have something set up would you like a sandwich or 543: well I could take on a sandwich #1 I reckon # Interviewer: #2 Okay let's see what kind of a # 543: {NW} Interviewer: well we've got uh ham turkey ham and cheese and a hamburger which one of those sounds 543: you don't have barbecue sandwich? you don't have that they ain't got it listed barbecue sandwich? just just get me a ham sandwich I mean not a ham sandwich but a hamburger Interviewer: #1 hamburger...okay # 543: #2 yes sir that's fine # Interviewer: and uh let's see they don't list anything but we can get a coke out here 543: yes Interviewer: Or I can do 543: that'll be #1 plenty # Interviewer: #2 I believe # We got coffee 543: no sir that well that's {NW} I'm waiting there man I love it {NW} Well Just say {X} Well yes sir I'll I'll just take a coffee just #1 a hamburger and a cup of coffee that'll be fine # Interviewer: #2 Coffee okay # Mm-hmm 543: yes sir Interviewer: this phone is uh I'd like a couple of sandwiches sent up to room 234 please right a hamburger and uh a slice turkey and coffee for both of us uh what would you like on your hamburger uh? 543: mayonnaise and pickle Interviewer: okay pickle and mayonnaise thank you now this phone was ringing the other day 543: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 and uh # uh the other night at four o' clock in the morning it starts to ring 543: man Interviewer: and this morning at five o'clock so I called and said what's uh goes on and uh seems that this number is the same number as oxford 234 all oxford numbers 543: yes sir 234 right yes sir Interviewer: so everybody who tries to call an oxford number gets this number first 543: yes oh good well I say #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 It's pretty aggravating # 543: oh man I know it is yes sir {NW} I say Interviewer: {NW} 543: yes sir Interviewer: well we can go on I suppose it'll take them a while to get up #1 Get up here # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: um we were uh were talking the other day about uh about the differences between white colored attitudes 543: #1 Yes sir yes sir # Interviewer: #2 and uh # uh I was wondering I forgot to ask you at that time uh what were some of the some of the words that uh you might use in the old days uh what would a colored man say to what word would he use about a white man if he didn't like him what would a white man likely call a colored man if he didn't like him or if they were good friends how would they describe each other? 543: now you asked if they was good friends I'm glad you asked that {NW} if they was good friends why the uh {NW} well the the the colored people they would call uh {NW} mostly boss. Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: yes sir boss Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: mister so and so That's right. Interviewer: and what would the white man call the colored man how would he 543: well he would mostly call him a colored fellow uh you know a colored fellow named such and such a person you know a name you know yes sir that's right {NW} yes sir Interviewer: and if they didn't like each other what would they uh 543: {X} Interviewer: {D: uh I- I'll tell you I hear some of the words I picked up one man told me if he was when he heard his father would say talking if his father didn't like white men he would say he's just an old country hoocher} 543: {D: yes sir old hoocher or something like that or} Interviewer: Uh is that 543: old old peck of wood you know or something like that and that's what they would {NW} alright the white men they'd call us niggers you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: old niggers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: that's the well you know that's just that's just the way you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Of course Interviewer: that's the way they 543: right just come along right right yes sir Interviewer: how about uh what would a white man call another white man if he didn't like him 543: oh he I'll tell you mostly him they'd call him old woodpecker or something like that that with pecks {NW} Interviewer: #1 I see # 543: #2 Yes sir yes # that peck you know of course Interviewer: call each other rednecks 543: oh yes sir oh now that's two names they'd call them that you know Interviewer: is that a bad name redneck 543: Well {NW} Interviewer: and would they get mad if 543: oh yes sir oh sure sure sure see that's that's some kind of a slander name or something you know yes sir you know that's the way they took it you know and all Interviewer: how about a how about a negro calling another negro 543: well I'll tell you what now man that's just the same way that's right you know {NW} this people you know that uh you know let's call ourselves respectable and acts you know they just you know call them colored people you know and all {NW} but just some of them would say oh nigger so and so that's just that's just the way the people grew up Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: yes sir they didn't like it Interviewer: ever hear um the word old swamp nigger 543: all of that saying yes sir man just just a lot of different names just something Interviewer: that's pretty #1 {X} # 543: #2 that's low grading yes sir # that's right yes sir sure some kind of a {NW} low grading they call it you know. Interviewer: a man told me that he he was a carpenter and he kept up his place real well across the road there was a whole family and they stole from him and everything else 543: yes sir Interviewer: you know just a bunch of old swamp niggers 543: swamp yes sir yes sir yes sir yes sir Interviewer: #1 no swamp around there but # 543: #2 Sure # Interviewer: {NW} 543: that's the style over there it's this low place a swamp is a little place Interviewer: uh-huh I guess he just wanted to say something uh 543: sure #1 sure sure # Interviewer: #2 What he thought about it # 543: {NW} yes sir Interviewer: well the different races with uh how do you refer to your nationality? we are all? different races but uh we're all how do you refer to the nationality say we're all...Americans or 543: of course that's what we always call them around all Americans you know American people you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: yes sir Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: Americans Interviewer: and did you ever hear the term Caucasian? 543: now the yes sir Interviewer: and that's that's what when would you use that? 543: well I'll tell you what now that that I've heard that you know and that's what some I guess we call 'em {NW} um more red people or something or other like that {NW} I've heard this man out yonder and all sometimes would go calling them that {NW} well they say that's the name of the white people that's that's what they is or supposed to be called you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Caucasians Interviewer: I see uh that's not a good term or bad term 543: no sir no sir no sir no sir no sir that's right that's right but they just didn't you know start to call them that you know Interviewer: what would they call a child who had maybe a black mother but a white father what would they what would they call a child 543: well uh they would just call him you know I'm going to tell you this I I did call them they call them you know a half a a white child Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir. half white half black Interviewer: would they talk about it 543: oh yes sir yes sir Interviewer: They do 543: right yes sir yes sir yes sir {NS} scandalize Interviewer: cause it is 543: yes sir yes sir yes sir of course {NW} in fact in that time we couldn't say nothing much we we couldn't say nothing much about it Interviewer: would the child uh to the colored people be welcomed or not so much? 543: oh not so much no sir no sir now that's just it not so much Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: that's right Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh how would you refer to the people who were related to you? you'd say well he's uh 543: just uh related to that child Interviewer: well related to no I'm changing the question how would you how would you refer to your parents I'm changing the question now I'm wondering how families refer to each other people within the family 543: oh well I see yes sir that's right well they would think hard of them of course you know and all but they go ahead and oh they would they would s- uh you know what I mean is uh wouldn't think as well of him you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: they they wouldn't no sir Interviewer: and uh the child born out of with to a woman who wasn't married #1 What was # 543: #2 Yes sir # Interviewer: what would she be called or what would the child be called 543: well uh most of the time they would call them you know they called them the old people back then a wood colt uh Interviewer: Is that right 543: and then uh you know some of them would say he was a ba- it was a bastard no daddy Interviewer: mm-hmm and how would if a mother if a man and woman were married how would they uh how would the married couple refer to each other in the family uh how would your some people say well my mother always referred to my father as Mr.Jones uh and other people would say she always referred to my father as my old man 543: yes sir Interviewer: #1 I wonder what kind of # 543: #2 Yes sir # Interviewer: what does your memory how does your parents refer to each other? 543: Well they they would say you know that well that's that's my husband you know of course and the {NW} now some of them they were different different you know some would say {NW} mister so and so you know and then some would say uh just call them by their name you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: just say whatever he was Interviewer: how did your how did your father say refer to your mother to somebody else uh would uh would if he were say if he came to town somebody said you ought to buy such and such well I'll have to ask 543: Wife Interviewer: oh wife 543: Wife Interviewer: uh-huh 543: yes sir Interviewer: I see 543: yeah oh yes sir that that's that's would they would call you know you're my my my wife or my husband you know to one another you know {NW} yes sir Interviewer: some some people tell me uh I have to ask the Mrs. or I have to ask the Mr. 543: I'll tell you Interviewer: All different kinds of terms 543: yes sir yes sir that's right {NW} that mostly come down there but they didn't say that you know so much back yonder just said my wife or my husband you know and all {NW} Interviewer: If a woman's husband dies how would you refer to her? 543: uh if he was to die Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: well they say my husband is dead uh well we'd still call her in his name in his name you know family name of course Interviewer: and she would be a what? 543: A widow she would be a widow Interviewer: and uh if somebody comes to town as I came not knowing anybody how would you refer to him in the old days uh 543: Well he'd be uh uh stranger Interviewer: uh-huh 543: yeah we'd call him a stranger you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: yes sir Interviewer: and uh how did your grandparents how did you refer to them how did you call them 543: oh my grand da- grandpa grandma Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: #1 granddaddy # Interviewer: #2 And uh # and uh your parents how did you 543: well well back then we call them uh uh momma and daddy Interviewer: #1 nice # 543: #2 momma and # daddy Interviewer: mom and daddy 543: momma and daddy yes sir Interviewer: and how about uh your mother's sister what did you 543: we call her auntie whatever her name was you know {NW} it would be aunt so and so Interviewer: and then you would be her what? 543: a uh nephew I'd be her nephew Interviewer: uh-huh 543: yes sir Interviewer: and uh your did you have a particular way to referring to both your mother and father say these are my say you wanted to tell somebody about both your mother and father you say well my 543: father Interviewer: and if you wanted to refer to him together 543: my mother and daddy Interviewer: uh-huh and they'd be your parents? 543: my parents yes sir I see yes sir that's that's what that would be our parents you know my momma and daddy Interviewer: any other words there that you just your mother and daddy or 543: well of course that's my mother and daddy they didn't it it was sort of making acquainted you know cause I'd call them by their name you know you know to let them know you know what their name was Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh uh they they uh the children would you give me some idea how uh about your family how many brothers and sisters were in the family 543: my in my my my brothers and sisters yes sir Interviewer: I don't think we mentioned that the other day 543: no sir sure {NW} well I have um three brothers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: and five sisters Interviewer: five sisters uh-huh and uh the the your sisters then your parents would say these are my little 543: children Interviewer: uh and if they wanted to say say daughters or 543: yeah just these are these are my daughters here {NW} my little daughters here and these are my sons here boys Interviewer: I was wondering do they ever say these are my boys and these are my 543: girls Interviewer: uh-huh or daughters 543: daughters yes sir yes sir Interviewer: okay now we can get back to uh we can back to uh to questions on food while we are waiting get our appetite worked up 543: maybe it'll be here Interviewer: did uh did you ever call food in the old days by any other name say uh well let's sit down and eat our 543: dinner Interviewer: uh dinner 543: dinner Interviewer: dinner they call it uh uh somebody who eats a big dinner they say well he sure likes his likes his what? 543: Dinner lunch food Interviewer: {X} {NW} 543: I can see like I can hear my daddy talking about {D: vilts come on children eat your vilts} Interviewer: is that 543: {D: vilts right right right} that's right that that sound just as natural just as I can get now Interviewer: I really appreciate 543: {D: vilts yes sir} Interviewer: because I that's not spelled that way and I was never sure how to pronounce it 543: oh well well well that's that's what and so I don't know we never did have to spell it or what we just taught it and everything Right yes sir yes sir yes sir we knew what what it meant Interviewer: and uh so you put your food in your mouth and you 543: chow it Interviewer: Uh-huh 543: chow it chow your food Interviewer: and if you had something a little bit of food between your meals what's what would you call that uh say you ate something between 10:00 between breakfast 543: we call it a snack a snack between meal snack Interviewer: and uh if your mother cooked a big supper for a good big dinner for Sunday and then Monday she would use that food again 543: Yes sir Interviewer: serve it hot you would call that 543: yes uh re-heating it uh re- re- re-serving it you know the food you know {NS} Interviewer: Oh hey right here want me to sign for that no {NS} Thanks a lot {NS} Food here is really awfully good 543: I say Interviewer: they um 543: yes sir Interviewer: they really work hard at uh 543: {NW} I say. Interviewer: {X} 543: {X} {NS} Interviewer: give you a good size that's kind of a jumbo hamburger there 543: es sir I didn't know it was that large might cost too much Interviewer: No no not at all they're very reasonable here that's good 543: Well Interviewer: It's good 543: I say Interviewer: I suppose if they're giving us the room gonna help them out 543: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Got to help them out # 543: Yes sir yes sir that's right I say I can just hold that in my lap Interviewer: Okay just put it right over here 543: #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 543: yes sir Interviewer: I don't know of any other place in Oxford that's uh good place to eat except this 543: No sir Interviewer: by far the best place I think 543: Sure #1 I say # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 543: yes sir {NS} yes sir {NS} It is Interviewer: I got some uh I was surprised out of the university they have a cafeteria for the students 543: oh yes sir yes sir sure Interviewer: they don't have much of a place to eat 543: No sir no sir Interviewer: a lot of university people come in here 543: I say sure good thing {NW} Interviewer: they 543: yes sir {NW} there's a place right down there that antique place you noticed it they got some kind of eating place they done re-modeled that it used to be an old gym in there you know {X} Interviewer: I don't know where that is 543: just across from the library there just across that parking lot there Interviewer: Hmm 543: old antique place there {NW} I hadn't been in there since {X} years ago and put it in there you know. Interviewer: well I've seen that house uh yeah they call it uh what do they call it 543: county what country what is that country something Interviewer: what an interesting name {X} I forget what that is country something or county something I see it down here but yes country something over there 543: you have to tell me you know and then then no floor just old plank floor you know just inside you know and walk down through there and hear the plank move and all but man the peoples were poor in there for some co- {NW} they have soup and stuff in there they tell me you know Interviewer: hmm 543: yes sir but I Interviewer: I might try that 543: yeah sir Interviewer: I knew they sold antiques but I didn't know about the 543: oh yes sir it's two or three different places in there you know for things Interviewer: mm-hmm 543: they named places yes sir Interviewer: well I they can build a couple new motels out there on six by-pass 543: Yes sir Interviewer: and I suppose they'll have restaurants in there 543: Yes sir I'm sure they will Interviewer: and on the weekends you can hardly get in down there 543: #1 I say I it looks like it yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yard's full {NW} Yes sir Interviewer: the way groceries cost is almost cheaper to eat out then sometimes 543: man you're right yes sir Interviewer: you got to buy a few things in groceries and you've got a big bill 543: Yes sir that's right {NW} {NS} Interviewer: well I went out to the Kroger the other day to buy some oranges and they seem to be pretty reasonable out there in that shopping center 543: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 That brand # 543: Yes sir, sure. Interviewer: where do you go um 543: {X} We we do have {X} There's a Kroger Interviewer: so just about as reasonable as 543: oh yes sir sure sure sure yes sir {NS} Interviewer: another grocery called the liberty 543: yes sir Interviewer: #1 {X} # 543: #2 {X} # yes sir Interviewer: but uh their prices are pretty uh pretty steep 543: yes sir sure is that's right {NW} where well I heard you say it appears I forgot it but where is your where is your home Interviewer: I grew up in Ohio 543: Ohio yes sir I see {NW} Interviewer: I'm kind of a gypsy and I've uh taught in New York and Chicago and now I'm working out of Atlanta 543: yes sir yes sir well well I say Interviewer: so many days I like to settle down you know 543: Oh wow wow Interviewer: not move around so much 543: sure sure yes sir {NW} Interviewer: I enjoy this work 543: yes sir Interviewer: and so I don't mind going from town to town 543: oh no sir no sir {NW} Interviewer: but I don't think I'd like to be uh I wouldn't like to do this for the rest of my life next year I think I'll pick one place and stay 543: oh yes sir yes sir sure sure I say {NW} yes sir {NW} Interviewer: my parents are still living in Ohio {NW} 543: yes sir Interviewer: near Toledo about forty miles south of Toledo 543: yes sir I say Interviewer: got a brother in New Orleans 543: I say Interviewer: he uh his work took him there about 15 years ago 543: oh yes sir Interviewer: and he never left he really likes it 543: well I say sure {NW} I used to work for a young man who lived over here in Oxford you know he oh he growed here and everything young man {NW} he went to law school and everything and finished and and uh you know he got him a job his job called him to New Orleans you know {NW} and he left and moved and went down there {NW} but he stayed there probably a couple years but he moved back to Jackson and now he's working in Jackson #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 543: {NW} Interviewer: uh people in New Orleans really like to enjoy themselves always something going on 543: #1 aw # Interviewer: #2 Parades um # um celebrations, holidays 543: Yes sir well I say {NW} Interviewer: {X} 543: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Mardi Gras 543: yes Interviewer: two weeks ago a parade everyday 543: #1 good # Interviewer: #2 they # march around bands and 543: oh yes sir well I say {NW} Interviewer: long party theirs 543: well I say {NW} yes sir {NW} Interviewer: you have any children living with you now or are they all gone? 543: they all gone now yes sir yes sir they're closer {NW} you take uh {NS} there's uh I have two in Memphis they living up there working now and one in Detroit {NW} yes sir one in Chicago {NW} I have uh {NW} three living there with me close around they be up in my house there close to me Interviewer: Well that's nice 543: oh yes sir mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: I see one of your sons came to see you this weekend 543: yes sir yes sir Interviewer: where where is he from? Memphis or 543: Uh uh St. Louis I mean uh yeah St. Louis St.Louis, right, yes sir St. Louis Yes sir Interviewer: Well that's what about a hundred well that's more than that must be a couple hundred miles 543: yes sir, yes sir Of course I haven't been there but {NW} He he says there's good pizza up there {NW} yeah {NS} yeah he was leaving out some time in the morning this morning going back Interviewer: Mm-hmm How does your son like Chicago? 543: Oh well I have a daughter there. Interviewer: #1 Oh a daughter # 543: #2 Well she # don't like it too well {NS} but her husband he likes it up there. Interviewer: Does he 543: Yes sir he has a sister there and he likes it. Interviewer: Hm. 543: First man second man third man and fourth man Interviewer: Okay if you just keep going up. 543: Fifth sixth man seven man eight man nine man ten eleven. Interviewer: Okay um say well we'll start uh I did wanna get some I don't have your initials {B} uh your what's your first name? 543: It {NW} It's James {B} Interviewer: James {B} and your address here is? 543: Hartford {B} {B} {B} Interviewer: Um and let's see {NW} you are I think I asked you this the the first day but I'm not sure I put it on tape your um mother and father were both born here in uh Lafayette 543: Lafayette county yes sir yes. Interviewer: And uh your uh did did you say that uh your parents had a chance to go to school very much or? 543: Not much no sir. Interviewer: Neither one of them? 543: No sir no sir. Interviewer: #1 About how far would you say they might go? # 543: #2 Sure didn't # Interviewer: About the same as you or? 543: Uh it was about well my mother went to about sixth grade and father he went to about seventh grade. Interviewer: Oh and your father was a farmer? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And your did your mother ever work out or? 543: No she just owned the farm that's right yes. Interviewer: Okay and uh your grandparents I think you said your mother's grandparents uh your mother's parents would come from where? They came from the county too right? 543: Oh yes sir yes sir that's right sure Lafayette county sure Interviewer: And {NW} they were farmers? 543: Yes sir yes Interviewer: And then your father's parents um also came from Lafayette? 543: Yes sir yes sir yes Interviewer: And they were farmers? 543: Yes sir all were farmers. Interviewer: Which one which a grandparent was the slave? #1 Your mother or your father? # 543: #2 Well yes sir from my father's side # Interviewer: Only? 543: Yes Interviewer: And that was your grandfather? 543: Grandfather yes sir. Interviewer: And um your wife uh her religion is pentecostal? 543: Yes sir Interviewer: And did she get much education in school? 543: She finished the eight grade. Interviewer: Eight grade 543: Right yes sir Interviewer: {NW} And that was here in the county? 543: Yes sir in county yes Fayette county. Interviewer: And uh how old is she? 543: Sixty-three years old. Interviewer: Sixty-three okay I think that's uh takes care of that. Uh I wanted uh first to ask you if you would draw just make a kinda sketch of your home that you remember as a boy. 543: Ah Interviewer: How the rooms were uh something like this uh it doesn't just so I can just if y'all can remember what you told me about it. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: If you would like to uh 543: Well uh let me see now I ain't much of a drawer. {NW} Interviewer: Well this is so I can the house layout. 543: Oh I could you could mark it off Interviewer: Uh 543: Maybe make it a little plain. Interviewer: Alright 543: {X} I guess this is the small side of the place {X}. Interviewer: And uh this is the house where you grew up right? 543: Yes sir Interviewer: Is that kind of a hall through the middle there um? 543: Yes Interviewer: Um 543: There's a hallway through the middle of it. Interviewer: Was that open on on either end or? 543: It is open from through. Interviewer: Oh 543: Yes sir open from through. That sure that's it. {NW} Them doors {NW} well anyways ask Alice she would make that and then see you know. And a door and about the same on each side. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: All the rooms open up into the hall. 543: Main hall right yes sir yes sir yes sir. Uh well this was the kitchen up here well we would call it cook room you know and that was the dining room around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm would you just mark that uh with a K or cook room or 543: Yeah with a K. Interviewer: It is a dining room. {NW} 543: And {NW} {X} it was an out that I just drawed there. And you know so this here that hallway went went plum through just the open hallway you know. Course there's less seen out there's a little porch on this. And it would well if I marked it some way know you know it would be a porch wouldn't you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: And those steps went down. Interviewer: Which was the front uh 543: This was the front up here and this was the back up here. Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir and the kitchen room back here on the back up here. That's the front and the house was sitting in the north south and the north. Interviewer: I see uh what did you use those other rooms for? 543: These here? Interviewer: Yes the other rooms what? 543: These are bedrooms oh yes sir that was bedrooms. Interviewer: Uh what room did you usually spend most or your time in uh? 543: Well uh this room over here because that's where my mother and father stayed we mostly stay in there you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Of course they still weighed in you know. Interviewer: And that was beside the dining room? 543: Yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right. Interviewer: And all the others were uh were bedrooms? 543: Bedrooms did your mother and father have their bed in their? Interviewer: Yeah yes sir their their bed's in there. Yes sir yes sir. 543: Okay and mostly kept that room for company and children sleep over here. Interviewer: Oh I see uh what you call that uh uh your mother would say come in come in now and go to this room what would she call that? 543: {X} Come on in just in our room let's come on into our room they say. Interviewer: Uh huh 543: Yes sir course uh that {X} back that in you know yes sir just come on in our room where they're bed was in there see. Interviewer: What what did you call this room? 543: Well that's the company room. There you know when somebody come and stay over night well that's when they would go in that room. Interviewer: I see 543: Spend the night or awhile. Interviewer: If the preacher came where did you talk to him? 543: Well there's sitting here and talking until bed time you know if he's gonna spend the night and then he went in that room. Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir Interviewer: So use 543: And when the preacher come you know if uh sometimes you know if the small children make a racket well y'all go in y'all's room. Interviewer: Oh I see. 543: #1 Go in and stay while they was talking. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Uh huh Yes so this room was the one you use most of the time? 543: Most of the time that's right yes sir. And that's where we'd go right on in there to eat you know in the kitchen right on there. Well it was door there I mean I said there's a door in this and go in that room you know. Oh yes Interviewer: {X} 543: Yes Interviewer: But uh there weren't any door through here? 543: No sir no sir there wasn't any doors through here you know uh except there was this one here. You were in that room over there on the side Interviewer: Uh huh 543: and uh that's the easiest if you come out of here you know. Interviewer: And uh you this uh this is a pretty good sized porch back here. 543: Yes sir it it go all the way mostly across the building you know, probably stop about two feet from each side you know. Interviewer: If somebody had a a smaller porch just sorta over the the the hallway there. Uh what would you call that uh a real small porch just something that came out to keep the rain off. 543: Well sort of a well we called it just just kind of a water shed just you know just on the small place like that. Interviewer: You ever call it a stoop? Here anybody call it a stoop? 543: Stoop stoop well they do some of them would call it that but we just mostly call it just a little water shed but there's a stoop you know coming off just to keep the {X} from over that door you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Hallway Interviewer: Okay well that's fine. 543: Well it's so rough to Interviewer: Well it makes it clear that's what I 543: Oh I see #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 it's around there see? # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And uh {NW} the um did you have a another another floor on there? 543: Floor? Interviewer: Could you have another uh set of rooms on top of this? 543: No sir no sir no sir that is all just the set on the bottom. Yes Interviewer: If uh people when they had a first floor and then a second floor what what would they call? 543: Upstairs we'd call it an upstairs. Yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: And how how what would they say about the steps? 543: Stair steps they'd call 'em stair steps going up stairs. Interviewer: Uh okay and above the second floor right under neath the roof what what would you call that? 543: Call it a loft up in the loft. Interviewer: Same same thing as a barn? 543: Oh yes of course yes Interviewer: Loft 543: Yes that's right yes sir yes sir Interviewer: And uh {NW} your parents room would you describe uh what they had in there {X} and beds. 543: Yes sir they had two beds in there yes sir two beds and um oh maybe uh little old ta- homemade table siting over there you know a few little old glasses or something on it you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Just wasn't much you know yes sir. Interviewer: What what did you sit on? 543: Well {NW} nail kegs mostly and then we saw some light wood you know something that had blocks With us children you know sit on. Now my daddy he would make 'em a chair he he could make a few chairs you know for it sit in. Interviewer: Did did you have anything um like they have today where a couple people could sit together? 543: Well not too much like that no sir they just mostly just just single single yes sir yes. Interviewer: What do you what do you call that uh when 543: What? Interviewer: later on when you uh got uh something that two or three people could sit on? 543: We call it a settee chair Interviewer: Settee? 543: #1 Settee chair # Interviewer: #2 Ah # I see 543: Yes sir #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Um that's that would be oh about enough to for two or three people? 543: Yes sir yes sir yes sir Interviewer: Mm-hmm and uh how about the the rest of the rooms what do they have in 'em? 543: Well they had a bed about a bed in your room you know and um maybe some kind of little table or something little like that you know in there you know. Interviewer: Oh about when did you uh did you start to buy um things for the house? Well well you made most of the 543: Well made made yes sir that is good yes sir sure would of made it mostly. Interviewer: Uh huh when did you start to to buy go to the store and and did they have a store here in {X} 543: No sir well not not not much now if did you know back that in we didn't know much about it didn't get 'em you know and all just a few peoples might would get something like that. But you just just they just wasn't make that then. You take people that's out in the country that they people that you know that they would learn how to make chairs and things had a lot of homemade chair now you would get some chairs like that you know from the people that you know out of their job and they would made 'em nice you know on that job you know. Interviewer: There wasn't just a bunch of stores then. 543: No sir no sir right right yes sir sure. Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir Interviewer: What did you call the um um tables and chairs and beds and everything together what did you call that? 543: Call it uh uh a bedroom suit. Interviewer: Ah 543: That's what we called it you know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called um fixings or furniture or? 543: Oh furniture furniture you know really that's what we called it you know. House furniture yes sir. Interviewer: Everything? 543: Yes sir chair bed house furniture. Interviewer: And uh how did you keep uh light out of the windows? 543: Oh way we would get up there you know and uh make us a shade out there you know. Uh uh uh so like an ol' door you know and uh shut 'em. Really that's most the windows we had back then and this uh something like a door you know and hinges on it and take 'em ol' white shoes and cut the sole off of them and make hinges out of it. Boy they'd last long. Interviewer: I hadn't seen that. 543: Right that's right. Interviewer: So actually you didn't have glass uh? 543: No sir no sir no sir no sir. Interviewer: I see 543: No glass no sir sure. Interviewer: And discarded shoes would give you the hinges and you just make a board that you could 543: Yes sir just just a little plank you know and make a make a board as wide as that there you know and and nail in the wall you know until that and open the shade. {X} And so didn't use all that much light. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: That's right. No sir if it's too cool or cold out there you know uh we would uh you know might light the ol' coal oil lamp you know uh something like that you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh when you had we you started to have glass in the windows how did you keep the light out to uh from them? 543: Well we would take uh uh {NW} my mom made tow sack you know take a croaker sack these old tow sack you know and get you know and half 'em and uh rip 'em open and make make shade to go that's right and maybe frazzle some and tie string around 'em oh they'd be pretty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 543: And down you know they keep the light out you know oh out the window. Interviewer: Uh huh if um people had something on the outside that they closed and opened up to keep the light and the wind and things out what would you call? 543: We would call them shutters. Interviewer: Oh I see. 543: We would call them shutters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir to the window. Interviewer: Uh shades inside the house? 543: Oh yes sir yes sir yes sir Interviewer: About uh how how high were those rooms uh about how 543: Well I'll tell you back that then they made 'em about uh eight foot high. Interviewer: They did? 543: Yes sir yes sir Interviewer: In the bedroom uh did you have anything to keep your clothes in or uh when you were a boy and when if you didn't when did you start to? 543: No sir didn't have nothing in there much just uh put 'em mostly oh just hang 'em up in there you know what you well no it wasn't using no just just nail {X} you know in some corner you know just nail 'em hang 'em up there. Interviewer: Now later on what kinds of things did you use for um? 543: Well uh later on well I you know well I don't know about you but just some trunks they call 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: And and and uh you know put the clothes in you know trunk sorta like a little box you know with a lid over it you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: And keep the clothes in there. Interviewer: Did you ever have a thing that's er I'm sure you do now uh things with drawers and a mirror? 543: Dressers you call 'em dressers you know chifforobe dresser. Interviewer: That's the right word I've heard that a chifforobe. 543: Chifforobe Interviewer: Uh what is exactly uh difference between a a uh chiffonier and a wardrobe? What's the difference? 543: Well they just about the same thing that's right yes sir. Wardrobe is yes yes sir. But that you got doors there you know the {X} you know and then on one side they got drawers they Interviewer: That's a chiffonier? 543: Yes sir yes sir yes sir yes sir Interviewer: Kinda a combination 543: Oh yeah or so yes sir. Yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: And uh the wardrobe did you ever have one of those uh big uh big things? 543: We had later on you know why we got a hold of a few you know somebody else they done decided they wanted a different one something other you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: And uh maybe go any work for them for several days to get one of them. Interviewer: Is that right? 543: Yes sir yes sir Interviewer: And and they were pretty big were they? 543: Yes sir they was tall they's tall you know yes sir. Interviewer: But how um about how big would they be? 543: uh something like about so wide you know maybe five six about six foot tall something like that oh yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: Good size 543: Yes sir yes sir Interviewer: And uh if you did did most people or did many people have built in closets like you have now or? 543: No sir no sir no sir just didn't didn't know about 'em or something no sir. Interviewer: I've heard that over and over again uh people didn't seem to to uh have closets at all. 543: No sir no sir. Interviewer: Up in Holly Springs they've got uh huge uh great big mansions and room after room there's just no closets. 543: No sir no sir Interviewer: They just didn't build 'em. 543: That's right no sir. No sir Interviewer: Oh it's interesting how um uh that's a that's a big things in houses now isn't it? 543: Yeah right right yes sir yes sir. Sure sure Interviewer: Uh where did you keep things that you that you didn't want to throw away but uh you weren't actually using did you have a room for that? 543: Well uh most of the time we would uh you know probably have a little building out in the ho- in the yard and uh well call it a smoke house well in one side we could put these other things in it you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes sir we'd call it a smoke house just a little building a log building out in the yard. Interviewer: What did you call the things you set you saved like that uh? 543: What we call? Interviewer: Yes you'd call it uh? What did you call uh just junk or? 543: Oh yes sir yes sir that's right we would put the junk junk we'd call it junk like that you know too. But after awhile we'd go in there and get that junk. Interviewer: And use it? 543: That's right Interviewer: Uh did you did you have anything uh call- you ever call it plunder? 543: Oh all that in there we moved the plunder out in the plunder house and such and such. Interviewer: Oh that's 543: In a part of it you know. Plunder well just something like that maybe a broke down chair or something uh something out in the house like that you know uh maybe some clothes that just tore and you didn't have time to fix and you know we put 'em all back there to later on when they have time they put it in that plunder. Interviewer: So uh 543: Junk Interviewer: and it was either plunder or junk? 543: Junk yes sir {X} comical but you know the phrase that's what it'd be we knew what it was. Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir #1 yes sir anytime. # Interviewer: #2 And uh # the things that uh your how would you make up a bed? Would you uh tell me about that? 543: Making up a bed like we had down here? Interviewer: What did you have to sleep on and pillows and things like that. 543: We man ain't it funny we go out there you know on them way out hills where that ol' crab grass grow that you know well fore it died down you know {D: uh to you know when it gets so brickly of something another} well you'd have to get going out there and probably it would be knee high something like that man we'd pull that grass you know and uh in a in a in a ball it up course it wouldn't be long before it'd be dried up and that's what we'd use and bring home you know and and store it away to put in our bed ticket. That's what we slept on. Yeah yes after you unball it you know and put it out in there you know ah ah in ticket we'd call it a bed ticket. We'd get some old ducking or something c- another you know my mother would you know Interviewer: {X} 543: You know make a ma- a bed ticket it we called it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Stuff it full of hay you know and man that stuff would sleep good. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Did they sew up # 543: #2 And the # pillows sometimes we would go {NW} when they had cotton you know . Why probably after we get together you know uh maybe be allowed a {D: bolt of cotton batting to feel. Well you} go get that you know and uh put in a sack and before they get through ginny you know go and let 'em gin it out in the ginny for the seed that was in it. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 That # scrap. Interviewer: Cotton seed? 543: Yes sir and then go back and then my mother would take some kind of old cloth and make some pillowcase and shove it full of cotton you know. Man them things #1 slept good. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. {NW} # Good? 543: #1 Yes sir yes sir really I like 'em now. # Interviewer: #2 Aw good. # Yeah better than uh #1 feathers? # 543: #2 Yes oh oh # man yes. Yes sir that's #1 right sure. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And uh what did you put over you to keep warm? 543: {NW} Oh my mother would make quilts. #1 Oh yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: Take some ol' clothes if you didn't have cloth {D: from the old and some white clothes that you couldn't pass in and maybe just} cut out good pieces of it. And maybe somebody else you know that uh they had some old clothes that maybe was in uh in a little better shape {D: than all those} they give 'em to 'em you know cut 'em up and make make blocks you know out of 'em and and then sew 'em together. Man make it large enough for a quilt you know. Well they'd get some kind of old cloth or something you know to make a lining to go on it. And man get that cotton like I said like that quilting {D: cotton that end uh with the wood} and uh spread it out you know after it's done gin. Just spread it out so thick you know all over that there quilt you know. And then she'd get there you know and hoop it down. Put both of them lining together you know the lining and the top hoop it together. {D: And then we'd get her quilting holsters} we'd call 'em. So like these {D: soft benches you know.} #1 And then a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: long strip where she'd baste that on each side {D: that and sh-} pull it over and tie strings to it and it'd be tight. And she'd set up there man and quilt #1 Ooh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # {NW} 543: Yes sir #1 one was after one # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 543: man makes some good cover. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: quilt that you know just sews it in blocks {D: a patch you know and the order stays} #1 together. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # kind of a design? 543: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: right right #1 right. Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 543: yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Oh I see # 543: #2 Yes # sir that's #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 Sounds # like a lot of work #1 Yes # 543: #2 Exactly it's # a lot of work man I don't {NW} peoples wouldn't do that now. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 543: #2 {NW} # #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 And how about # uh did you have something you put over the quilt? Uh #1 Uh like a? # 543: #2 I wouldn't c- # A spread #1 you know. Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Like a spread or? # 543: maybe they'd find some cloth you know and make 'em some bedspread #1 you know just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: {D: a little different looking} cloth you know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Just # spread over that that that quilt you know. Interviewer: And did you ever see anybody have uh a pillow that went all the way across #1 the bed? # 543: #2 {NW} # Bolsters. #1 We call them bolsters. # Interviewer: #2 I see. {NW} # Uh-huh. 543: Bolster pillows #1 yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And how # about a a bed uh on the floor that you might make for children who came to stay with you you just didn't have room for 'em. 543: Yes sir we'd make pallets down #1 there. Yes # Interviewer: #2 On the floor? # 543: sir that's right. #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: pallets on the floor. Interviewer: And uh it the kitchen would you tell me uh about what you have in the kitchen and how your mother would uh uh. Well I'll just let you explain what you had in the kitchen and how she cooked and things #1 like that uh. # 543: #2 Oh yes sir. # Yes sir. Well we'd have it {NW} you know like I said you know we'd have in meal barrels that held meal in one you know and maybe uh flour in the other one. Small barrels you know. When she'd go in there you know and uh get a sifter {NW} get her so much meal out and you know get a dish pan and sift it in there you know. Well she'd get her salt and soda and put it in there you know and uh make it up good and r- you know put it together good and all. {D: And then they put in the pan.} And we had a old cook stove there you know. We put wood in you know to cook with. Yes sir get that stove hot and uh put it in there to cook or either that's the way she would take it and make biscuits. She'd get that flour you know and she'd take her hands and wash 'em you know wash 'em good and get her hand and you know go to making up that flour you know and put that salt and soda in there you know make it up good. And uh {D: back that then she'd} find an old bottle. That's what she used for a rolling pin. {C: laughing} Interviewer: I see. 543: She'd measure the dough out {D: put it thin} and then take that bottle you know and roll it out. Put it as thin as she want it. {D: Take ol' salve and cut and} cut them uh biscuits out and put 'em in the pan. #1 And then cook 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Oh I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh sh- you didn't have room enough for a table out there what did she work on? 543: Well she'd mostly have uh you know move stuff over you know on well we'd have a little table nailed upside the wall on one side. Called it a cook cook table. #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: {D: where would she you know she'd set the eggs} #1 some to cook things # Interviewer: #2 To work. # 543: and stuff you know. #1 Yes sir on that there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: the table nailed upside {C: laughing} the wall over there. Interviewer: How'd you keep uh your milk cool enough so it didn't uh? 543: Well man I don't see how milk stayed like it did. #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: No sir. We just just set it over there and uh uh well in the safe. We had an old safe you know like that you know. In with shelves in it you know. Open the door and set in uh stuff all up in the shelves you know so like uh. A- and uh now during the the summer if we we had a well sometimes we'd have a well and then we'd have a spring off there down the hill. And in that well we we'd draw up water you know. And put it in a tub and put it over in the shade and set that milk in it. And so that that's the only way of Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. I see. # 543: #2 keeping milk. That's right. # Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: Uh did you ever hear anybody uh having a house or a little um shed or something for that uh? 543: Well now some folkses would you know. #1 What everybody did was. # Interviewer: #2 Down the # spring uh? 543: Yes sir that's #1 right sure. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And what did they call those uh? Do you have anything? 543: Well uh let me see I don't know hardly what let me see what they would call them little houses. {NW} Coolers they mostly would you know someone would call 'em coolers you know. They'd just but just just a few of them had #1 them. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Did you ever hear any body call 'em a dairy? 543: No sir I don't remember a dairy. Milk dairy. No sir I don't don't remember that {D: back that in.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And uh # you kept most things in the safe uh in the kitchen. Did you have another little where room you could put pots and #1 pans? # 543: #2 Oh yes # sir we called it a little closet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: We'd nail up you know something back there you'd take it in build 'em in like that you know but just get in that corner over there and wall up a little place over there you know for the closet. Interviewer: #1 All right. # 543: #2 That's the # {D: way you do that.} have a little door to it to put the stuff back in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um would you uh tell me more about uh how your mother would keep the house clean and uh where she'd keep the broom and things like that uh? Um how she must've been a big job to keep the {NW} #1 keep up. # 543: #2 You're # right. Yes sir well she'd {NW} tell you what man we'd go out in the in the old fields {D: around these there} {D: ring that old} broom straw. And man {NW} trim off the bottom of it them bottom leaves there. Man they'd be long brooms you know man we'd get it {D: by all fours and bring up.} To u- that's what we'd sweep the floor with you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir. Sweep the floor I mean they sweep good. It looked like we oughta {X} Interviewer: It really would? 543: Really #1 man. Yes # Interviewer: #2 Really? # 543: sir that'll sweep the floor you know like that. But when you get ready to scour the floor of course my daddy would get a board about something like about as half big as this you know and take an ol' log {D: or you know} with a bent top on it and stick a stick through there and that's the kind of auger we'd use. {NS} Bore big holes in there {D: so like} about thataway you know. Over there. And uh go to the barn and shuck some corn. {NW} He'd twist some shucks together and stick through them holes and they'd be sticking through them holes you know. The tough part would be up you know and then the uh bushy ends would be down there. And man be sticking down there and oh man. Wet them things you know and wet that floor man. Ooh you just shine that floor with them #1 shucks. That's the # Interviewer: #2 That's how you do it? # 543: {D: skein} mopped with. Interviewer: #1 I see. I've never heard of that. # 543: #2 Oh yes sir yes sir. I # {D: say that} #1 good. # Interviewer: #2 Good. # 543: #1 Really good? {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yes sir yes sir that's right. # 543: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 So # 543: you know of course now {D: as long as that it didn't get uh} those uh long sticks straight stick you know and bore holes in it {D: toward} See it'd be sorta sloping in there in the m- in one side of it you know and oh man {NW} it Interviewer: Sure. 543: it was handy. Interviewer: {NW} 543: It'd do the work. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: On the floor? 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's # that's that's I never heard of that. 543: #1 Well I say. # Interviewer: #2 {X} And # And you you put um put the the um soft part 543: #1 Down you know. # Interviewer: #2 through that # board? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And that would just free the #1 {X} # 543: #2 Yes sir that's right. # the holes would be close enough together where it would after you pull it through {D: on the other side of that sprawl out you know.} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Well yes sir. # Man it'd be. Interviewer: Did um it was that kind of an invention of your father's or um? 543: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Did many # #1 people have that a? # 543: #2 Uh # well uh most people had #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Did they? # 543: Oh yes sir that's #1 right. Yes # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: sir. That is all we knowed you know about them mops and things #1 like that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 543: Sure. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's a # good idea. 543: #1 Yes sir and then you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: take some few that you know didn't have that. Why they'd get 'em ol' tow sack or something another like that you know and wrap around a hole. And just make a big #1 mop out of it. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: #1 Yes sir yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I see. Uh-huh # 543: That's the way my daddy did {D: did it.} Interviewer: Uh-huh or people had to use their? 543: #1 Oh man yes sir right right right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: {NS} Sure #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: And man uh {NW} let me tell you about this you know. Spinning that there cotton man. well I told you a little about that though. Making them uh spinning cotton. We take you know we has an ol' spinning wheel you know and {D: cords and cord and} and and spin and making rows and spinning 'em into thread. And uh my mother would knit our stockings Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 543: #2 Uh # and socks. All all of us. That's the way we got our socks you know and all. Interviewer: And uh she would make the thread? #1 Uh. # 543: #2 Yes sir # take that cotton you know and them {C: cord} you know {D: cord. We'd mark you know} sure that that cotton {D: not} good you know. And then she could make a roll. Roll about {D: the longest thing} about ten inches long. Make up a pile of that. Well she had that ol' spinning wheel you know. and she'd get it started up there on the side of it you know {D: where it was made up} you know add a spindle to it you know. And wrap it around there and she'd get to spinning that thing man and just make thread. Well when she got that and then she'd ride it back up there and she'd get another roll stick on the end of that man {D: caught that thread you know.} Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 543: #2 Get # a lot of thread made up man then she'd get them knitting needles. {D: Put in there man and} knit that there socks. That's the way only s- way we got our socks #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Did you did she use wool or mostly #1 cotton? # 543: #2 Well uh mostly # cotton you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Mostly cotton. # 543: #1 Yes sir. Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Okay uh. # 543: Course now she would have used {C: engine starting} some wool because my daddy you know we didn't have very many sheeps you know. {X} Now she uh m- my mother and daddy would wear wool socks. But the children would wear cotton #1 socks. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Now see # that wool is pretty valuable. {C: laughing} Interviewer: I bet it was. 543: You right #1 right yes sir yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Right. Mm-hmm. # 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Cotton # was easier to #1 come by. # 543: #2 Oh yes sir sure sure. # Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # how bout uh washing your clothes uh did you uh did did you have any time to iron 'em or she'd? 543: Oh yes sir she'd take {D: the night more she uh she'd} she'd iron 'em you know. Set them ol' smoothing irons up to the fire you know and get 'em hot and get 'em ol' plank and set up there you know. {NW} Put the clothes on there and iron 'em. Then far as washing the clothes. She would uh take these ashes out of this fireplace and put 'em out there in some old barrel. and cover 'em up. And maybe just get 'em washed enough to just {D: stay lye} and get strong. And uh made {D: a ash hop out there.} Ol' big ol' box. {NW} {D: I know how she made you know} And my daddy cut a trough out you know like a whole trough you know. And get some ol' planks or poles that stand down you know and uh fix 'em to where them ashes wouldn't go through. And and and let 'em {D: stand} down into that trough. It's cut out like that. We'd put them ashes up in here about four foot or six foot long you know. {D: A tr- uh I would fit} it'd come up so four about four foot high. Put maybe a couple of barrels of ashes in there {NS} you know. Pour water in there {NS} and let that {NW} that water run on down you know and and and when it come out you know in that trough it's just lye #1 I mean. Strong. Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Real strong. Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir. Sometimes you'd have to weaken it or uh then she'd put uh {NW} some oh some grease or something another you know in there you know uh. Somebody you know had some oh spoiled meat or something another uh get 'em some ol' grease or something another and put in there you know. And they'd put that grease in there and boil that stuff and man make soap lye soap some of the prettiest lye soap. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 543: Yes it'd get real thick you know and all. Interviewer: #1 Could you use it on your skin or was that too strong? # 543: #2 Well you could use just a little bit. # {X} You know just a little bit on your skin you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Couldn't use too much of it. Didn't need too much of it. #1 That's right yes sir. Yes # Interviewer: #2 Um. Pretty strong. # 543: sir yes sir that's #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: And then they'd {D: put them in} clothes and I mean that that that made that dirt come out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: Yes #1 sir. # Interviewer: #2 And uh # uh use a a pot {X} 543: Yes sir that's right. When you put that you know r- run that lye {D: through you} take the wash pot you know and boil that stuff you know. And yes sir that there the some grease in there you know would make it you know uh ol' grease or something another like that it'd make make soap make #1 thick soap. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And uh where did you wash boil the clothes? #1 And s- stir it? # 543: #2 Oh yes sir. Oh yes sir. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 543: #2 You. # Uh no sir see in other words she would wash the you know {D: w- would} heat the water you know and pour in there you know and then she'd take that soap you know and then smear it on the clothes and got a old rub board you know. Interviewer: Oh. 543: Oh that's the way oh #1 man. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 543: Smear that there over them clothes you know and wet 'em you know and then wash 'em out like that #1 on that rub board. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # I see. 543: Yes #1 sir. # Interviewer: #2 That's # more hard work. 543: #1 Oh man yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 543: Yes sir. {NW} Interviewer: Around uh outside the house uh where did you uh what did you use for the toilet in those days what uh? 543: Well uh uh just go out there and uh uh dig dig some {D: four} holes down you know. And uh n- now that's that's the way {D: you just had to use 'em.} Interviewer: #1 Right. # 543: #2 Just # {D: just dig 'em that hole there you know and just wall it up.} You know and just put a little top on it you know and put a door to it. And uh have {D: a lid} place back there you know for {D: uh plank cross you know} for you know a stool. And this on the back back there it'd {D: be olden.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: That's right. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: And #1 that's the way. Yes sir it's covered. It's covered you know and # Interviewer: #2 But it was covered so you {X} # 543: walled up you know Interviewer: So you go out there in the rain right? 543: #1 Well you uh that's right yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 543: Yes sir that's right. {NW} Interviewer: Uh what did you call it? 543: #1 Toilet. We called it the toilet. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} Toilet. Are there any joke # joking names for it? #1 {X} # 543: #2 Well yeah. # But my daddy used {C: laughing} to be you know call it a private {C: pronunciation} #1 house. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 Uh-huh. # 543: #2 {NW} # Private {C: pronunciation} you know. That's the old {D: there they just push one name and} another you #1 know. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh around uh uh outside uh what was this house built of um? 543: #1 Built out of? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yes. It was? 543: #1 Logs. Oh yes sir I often # Interviewer: #2 Oh it was? # 543: #1 Oh yes sir. I often # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: think about that yes sir them eh built out of logs you know. Yes sir. #1 built out of logs. # Interviewer: #2 And uh uh # later on if you'd put uh boards around those logs what would you call those boards? Uh. 543: {NS} Well I'll tell you what we mostly back there then of course you know they they improved but I just {D: tell my way back yonder when that} in in that time you know when we'd just go there and build it i- in them logs you know and we'd uh stuff them ch- cracks with uh mud uh uh mud and grass. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Just # slap in there and man it would stay in that out of clay and grass. Make a batch you know and just man {D: stuff them} cracks you know with it with grass you know. Of course we would get some uh {NW} {X} go out and cut us some wood you know uh and make something like {D: pale ins right. Pale in you know to gable it up with.} Yes sir {D: gable it up} and break the cracks in it you know. Interviewer: Mm. 543: And of course that's what we would cover it with. Boards you know. Get out there and cut out some two foot boards you know. Oh man that's right. #1 yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Which # way would the boards run up and down or or this way uh? #1 Across? # 543: #2 Well # {D: -ee it'd be slanting back there.} No sir run 'em straight down. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # {D: Yes it'd be on across the boards you know cross yes sir.} All running down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 543: {D: Yes sir stow it} down to the bottom and that way and and oh man yeah. Now e- a lot of peoples wouldn't know how to start that down there on the bottom. They'd just put uh uh a cross there you know and then put a board over that crack to break the {D: joint.} Whole board but they ain't supposed to do that. Supposed to cut it 'em half in two when you first starting off down there. And that'll keep it from you know being just a big {D: board.} Oh yes. {C: laughing} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 All right. # 543: #1 It's good yes sir oh yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Weren't supposed to do that. Um. # What did they call those boards in the outside uh? Uh. 543: Weather boards. Interviewer: Is that is that uh what they called 'em? 543: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 And uh # over the roof how did they keep the how'd they keep the rain out uh what did you have for the for for over the roof? 543: Over the roof? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Oh yes # sir that's that's what I'm talking about these here boards we'd call 'em. Interviewer: #1 Oh that's oh. # 543: #2 {X} # To cover it with. #1 Keep the water out # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 543: Oh yes sir. Interviewer: I see now they um. That's not weather board though? 543: #1 {D: No sir not say} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: weather board no sir no sir no sir that's not to say weather board up there. That's just the roof you know. {D: Layer} now we we have {D: layers} under that there you know. {D: To nail 'em} them too we called 'em {D: layers.} Uh well I'll tell you what you now some folkses got to where they'd build 'em houses that have lumber you know and they stand it up and build that way. Well they call that weather board on the outside there you know that uh. Interviewer: #1 I see. Yes that's right. # 543: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 And those boards go # 543: #2 Yes sir right right right. # Interviewer: #1 around the house # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 All the way around the house you know. # #1 Yes sir the weather board. # Interviewer: #2 And uh you you make # uh shingles yourself for the? 543: Top. Interviewer: #1 For the roof? # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 Yes sir # #1 for the roof. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And if you had uh somebody had a roof that uh you know with an L shaped building and the roof would come like this. #1 What did you call this? # 543: #2 Gutter. # You call #1 them gutters. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # A gutter? 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yes. Interviewer: And uh uh did people ever catch the rain at the end of the roof in anything uh? 543: {D: Oh man in them ol' cisterns.} Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir that's right. Interviewer: Oh. 543: Yeah they'd make I'll tell you they'd make 'em out of little troughs you know. and uh catch that water you know going down and dig 'em a big system out there you know and that's what they had for #1 wells. {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. And they # call 'em the thing that caught the water around the roof would be a? 543: Gutter Interviewer: #1 That would be gutter? # 543: #2 Gutter. That # that that's what the #1 {D: I mean uh.} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: Uh now now trough. #1 A trough we # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 543: call that uh you know a trou- water trough you know. we catched that #1 right at the roof. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # So in a roof like this uh #1 this would be the gutter? Rain would # 543: #2 Gutter. Yes sir. # Interviewer: fall down there and be caught in the trough? 543: Yes sir Interviewer: And that would run off to the? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 543: #2 {X} # come on down that gutter you know and right underneath that roof {D: didn't have it turn it to go out into that there.} #1 cistern. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: Oh yes sir and that that's water good you know catch it. #1 Keep it strained. # Interviewer: #2 I bet it's {D: soft.} # 543: #1 Yes sir right yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 For washing. # 543: Yes sir that's right. Interviewer: And uh you had a wood stove in the in the kitchen uh what did you keep the wood in? How did you handle that um would you just tell me about not only the wood stove but about the fireplace in fact uh how how where were the fireplaces uh #1 did you have uh? # 543: #2 Well. # {NS} #1 Well it just mostly on one # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: side you know. We probably would have a fireplace uh Interviewer: #1 Go ahead. # 543: #2 built # right in here. Somewhere somewhere right in here you know. {NW} yes sir right in along in there you see. That uh we'd call that a stacked chimney. We'd have a fireplace on you know on this side and one on this side. Interviewer: {X} #1 I see. # 543: #2 Come into this room. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And then uh you # had a regular stove out in the #1 kitchen? # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Yes sir sure did. That's #1 a stove # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: over here in the kitchen. Interviewer: And uh did uh would you tell me how you made how the chimney was built? Uh. 543: {D: Yes sir left that in there you know that that} space in there you know and uh {C: coughing} I'll tell you what. We built up that chimney thataway out of out of out of dirt. We built it up to the bottom of the house. I mean up to the floor in dirt you know. {NW} Well uh we would take in you know and and makes these here mud {NS} uh {NS} {NW} things you know out of that mud. And that's where we'd build that there chimney up you know. And and put a partition in there you know between there. And build it up out of uh clay #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: grass. Interviewer: #1 Clay and grass? The same way that you # 543: #2 Oh yes sir. {X} # Interviewer: you plugged the holes in the logs right? 543: #1 Yes right right right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: what did you have a name for that did you ever hear that called cats? 543: Yes sir that's what that's what that's what they was the cats. They call them cats you know. Interviewer: I wonder where that word came from. 543: Oh that's some of them old folks named that. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 It's just named it. Oh. I see. # 543: #2 {NW} Just named it. That's what they was. # #1 And it just come up # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # 543: you know just like that yes sir. #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir. Mud and grass {D: that'll pull that ol' grass and} man get it up there. {NW} Get that mud clay mud made up there and it it'd stick to it #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Any # kind of any special kind of grass uh? 543: Well mostly crab grass would be yes sir crab #1 grass. That's right that's {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Did you ever # have anything called cattails? 543: Yes sir we Interviewer: #1 In the ponds. # 543: #2 we we. Yes sir. # Yes sir. we still have some #1 of them cattails. # Interviewer: #2 I wonder uh # I wondered if maybe they uh uh the cats the word cats came from the cattails uh whether #1 {X} # 543: #2 Well # maybe so but cattails is round though and kinda fluffy like. Well it might have. That might been the idea of of naming them that #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: back in them #1 times. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And um {NW} then would you explain uh where you kept the wood and how you uh how you kept the fire in both the stove and the fireplace. 543: Oh yes sir man we'd go out there and cut that wood you know in two foot pieces. That's mostly go in the fireplace you know. Yes sir and cut that in two foot pieces and haul it up you know out there to the wood pile you know out the do- g- gate out there somewhere out close to the house. And tote it in you know and lay it on. Well we'd mostly {C: laughing} find us some ol' rocks that wouldn't shoot so to lay on each side you know. To lay that wood cross to keep it from getting smothered down you know. #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Up just about so high you know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 And # and build a fire in there on it. Man and that thing would keep the house warm. {NW} Interviewer: Um would you explain how you built the fire and what you used to build it? 543: #1 Yes sir back that then we # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: could go out there then and uh and {C: coughing} get some ol' uh old dead trees that died back there you know and maybe if blowed down fell and they're rich. I mean rich. And and uh got that pine rosin in 'em you know and rich you know. You bring 'em up there and cut 'em up you know. And and put splinters there and man it would burn just like almost like gas. Yes sir and we'd stick it under there and you know and set um s- match to it. And it'd burn and get that wood to burn in there. And after it go to burning then man it's just keep on some wood and it {NW} keep fire in in the fireplace. Interviewer: What did you call a a a big log that you'd #1 use? # 543: #2 Call 'em # backlogs. Interviewer: #1 Backlogs? Oh. # 543: #2 Yes sir. Put some # backlogs on the back you know and then the smallest ones in front and so that ol' back one it'll still burn you know and it wouldn't burn up so quick and man it'd throw the {D: hip} throw the heat out. Interviewer: I see. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh in the kitchen where did you where did you #1 {X} # 543: #2 Well in the s- # in the stove the cookstove there. We'd cuts {D: and uh stow it would} run about that long you know. Split it up so small and so we'd bring it in. It'd have a door on it you know to put in there and it about that large you know. Well we'd fill that full of and we'd take some of that pine needle and we {D: called it} make a fire there in front of it you know and start it to burning. #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 And then every # 543: time it get low put in some more. And man that ol' cookstove on the side there. You put that bread in there. {NW} Cook it. Interviewer: Did you uh uh did you have did you build a chimney up through the? 543: Yes sir #1 on up through there. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Um. How # about over in the kitchen? Uh. 543: Well uh most time we're over here. we would uh just uh I tell you back in them times {D: it is sorta it is dare.} We'd just take some stove pipes we'd call 'em. {D: Stove.} Were just tin pipes you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And uh r- just let 'em go just start to stack them here on top of the stove. And let 'em go on out. Cut a hole up yonder you know. And let 'em go out the top of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And that's the way you did back in them times you know. Interviewer: Uh would you uh break it in or? 543: #1 No sir we'd break in no. Well # Interviewer: #2 or just just regular now. # 543: now I'll tell you what. We acquired you know {NW} you know {X} We'd get up there you know about to the loft you know. Well we'd brick it sometime on out through the top of the house. But these stovepipes goes up to the loft of the house you know up there. Yeah and we'd get up there you know {D: and when it} loft isn't {D: yeah} nailed to something another up there you know {D: put some lines across} and start them brick. and go in on out. Interviewer: I see. Uh you call that a uh uh #1 chimney? # 543: #2 Flue. # Interviewer: Oh that's a #1 flue? # 543: #2 Stove # flue. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Stove flue. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh {NW} you used rocks uh to hold the logs up later on what did you uh did you get anything made of iron? A regular thing to hold it? 543: {D: Yes sir we have twine you know.} Interviewer: Oh. 543: Well my daddy learned then how to make a iron. He could make some irons you know and bend 'em you know. Ole buggy axles or something like that you know and man he could make some firedogs we called it. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 And set 'em in there. # Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 Oh they was # {D: extra.} Interviewer: And above the uh the fireplace #1 what would you have there? # 543: #2 Yes we'd # have some ol' {D: white} wagon tires. We'd put up there you know. The the start that stack it on cross up there you know after we get out first you want to go in come across. You set 'em up there you know. {D: And then s-} and then start to build it on up. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 And # build on out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The in front of the fireplace would you keep would you h- what was the same level as the floor what what did you have in there? 543: Down to the same level as floor? Interviewer: Yeah. uh did you have uh bricks or stone or something coming out into the room? 543: Oh yes sir. {D: Uh we} call that a hearth. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 Hearth. # Yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Now I'll tell you what. # 543: #2 {X} # Now my dad {D: I just remembered just as well.} Well back there then you didn't have these brick to get in there you know of course and he would just take that there dirt out there you know and wet it and bring it in. Just pack it real hard and tight. And I mean smooth it off with the clay {D: dirt} and that thing. Yes sir. A dirt hearth {D: We'd uh we'd call it a} #1 the hearth. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # And I suppose uh the heat would make it uh as hard as pretty hard. 543: #1 Oh yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yes sir. That's #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: {D: Have to pack it} together and then that heat you know would make it hard. Just #1 just uh y- yes # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: sir. Interviewer: #1 You practically have a brick. # 543: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh. 543: Well uh after a while no sir w- we didn't have nothing then. Interviewer: #1 Uh but I # 543: #2 See uh. # Interviewer: mean that dirt would be almost 543: #1 Just just right because # Interviewer: #2 uh look like a brick. # 543: oh you know these bricks is made out of dirt #1 you know of course yes sir that's right yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I see. {X} That's just uh # the clay? 543: #1 Clay yes sir yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 the heat and uh. # 543: That's right. Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 543: #2 Sure. # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 543: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: People would just uh would discover those things and and do it. 543: #1 Oh right right right yes sir oh yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: {D: Didn't have me someone to work ahead and} {NW} #1 Tell you how to make something yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Tell you how to work around. # Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 And # {NW} How about uh how did you drink water or how did you get to keep the water? 543: Well it's mostly uh if we {D: didn't have a} spring you know uh we'd just have to drink that water. We didn't have nothing to keep it cool in you know. No sir. Interviewer: What did you keep it in uh? 543: Well in a water bucket you know we called it a water bucket you know and all. And man we'd work 'em ol' make 'em ol' dippers you know. and gourd grow them gourds you know and make them {C: laughing} #1 gourd dippers. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # #1 Uh. # 543: #2 Yes # sir that's right. Interviewer: And uh would the bucket be made of of metal or um? 543: Well I'll tell you what uh we could find uh maybe I'll tell you what back there then they they made s- made some buckets fella out of some wood. They would split wood and they'd make buckets out of it. Of course it'd take some time but you know just something uh to hold water in and trim 'em off good and put some big heavy wire around 'em you know or something another. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 And man # it'd hold water too of course you'd had to keep water in it. Keep it from drying out you know Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 leaking. # Interviewer: #1 I see. And you swell up and? # 543: #2 Yes sir. That's right. Yes sir yes sir that's right sure. # Interviewer: Same thing as you're tell me about the wagon wheel? 543: #1 Right right right yes sir yes sir. Me and the ol' # Interviewer: #2 {X} Same principle. # 543: fellas talked about that the other day. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Um later on {NW} did you get metal pails? 543: #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: later on we got metal pails. That's right. #1 To put 'em in. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # What did you call those? Uh uh. 543: Well we'd call 'em uh galvanized buckets you know. Interviewer: I see. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: and you use that for water or milk #1 or {X} # 543: #2 Well we # used it for water mostly. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 And after a # while you know we went to getting some tin buckets we'd call 'em you know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 {NW} # Sometime we get lard in 'em you know. Back there then you know. Uh {D: well whosoever wouldn't ha- uh would have to buy some lard.} But I'll tell you the- them buckets {D: were even down} scarce back there then #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir #1 because # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: people just mostly raise their lard and stuff you know. Interviewer: Mm. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: I bet they became valuable. 543: Oh oh right right. Yes sir that's right sure. #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 And uh # speaking of buckets what did you keep um the uh food in the kitchen that you were going to throw out to take to the hogs what what did you keep that in? 543: Well we would get an ol' uh some kind of {C: audio distortion} old bucket. Just any old thing you know the old. Sometime we'd get a hold a old piece of pot or something other. {D: And it was} broke or something another and hold it you know to get in there but uh uh you ta- back there then uh we'd probably have some ol' {NW} see they made these here barrels and things. First one little ol' keg and another something another like that. There's homemade stuff all right {D: in there up you know.} #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: you take some people. It it it wouldn't wouldn't cost much you know to make some uh. Some of these people would make this stuff you know. Some of 'em was good about making this here homemade stuff then. #1 Back there then. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Course you know it wouldn't wouldn't cost much and wouldn't cost much to make it and you didn't have nothing else to do and all. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 And # maybe that fella had something over there he wanted done. Somebody else would go over there and work a day or two for him. {X} A a wooden bucket or something another like that. {C: background noise} Interviewer: #1 I see made an exchange. All right. Uh-huh. # 543: #2 I know he made. Right right. Yes sir. Yes sir. # Interviewer: #1 # 543: #2 # Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh what did you #1 call them that? # 543: #2 Slop # Interviewer: #1 slop buckets. Yes sir to take. Yes sir. # 543: #2 {X} # Take it to the hogs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh did you you mentioned a coal oil lamp. Did you uh have anything else uh to make a light at night? Uh. 543: Well I'll tell you what. {C: laughing} This pine I was #1 talking about. We # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 543: made lights with that. #1 That's what # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: {D: Fact of the matter that was the biggest thing.} Now we have little coal oil lamps. We'd save that coal oil. We'd have them coal oil lamps to eat supper by. Interviewer: Oh. 543: Yes sir. Set on the #1 table to eat # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: supper by. Interviewer: What did you call the pine uh in fact would you describe that? 543: Well I'll tell you what now yes. {NW} {D: Just like it wood.} It's timber was not like it is now. Used to go out in the forest and all out there just anywhere and find ol' ol' trees you know. And the limb then broke off and they has a lot of heart in 'em. And a lot of 'em would blow down and maybe somebody cut some trees and got some logs off of it. And them limbs and that ol' log is man just a lot of heart and it's rich. {D: And just rolls 'em in it.} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Yes # sir. And you cut that you know. Oh man I just look like I can see them hills we'd been in back in there you know. And maybe the stump is rich you know and cut that stump out a- and cut pieces about so thick you know and about like that. Put 'em in the fireplace. And man that'll light up the house. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Really that? #1 {X} # 543: #2 Oh # really really. #1 Man # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 543: that's right. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # What little studying we done is by pine pine light. Put another little piece of pine in the fire. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 And that # #1 that you know about. You know about # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: {D: how what kind of a light} #1 it is. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 But if # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever # carry uh could you carry those around? 543: #1 Yes sir. {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 543: {D: Get out} you know and that's what if you're doing traveling at night or something another get you a piece of pine pine torch. #1 Man you could # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: travel with that you know. Interviewer: Really bright? 543: Oh yes sir. #1 Yes sir it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: {D: did.} Interviewer: I see. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And # uh when you uh after you got through with using the pine torches then you got to coal oiled lamps? #1 {X} # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Right right. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And # uh then how long ago was it when you got electricity uh? 543: Oh man it ain't been very many years ago. {C: laughing} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Course you know some people's had it. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Electricity. # Yes sir. Interviewer: But not out in the country? 543: #1 No sir no sir no sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: no sir #1 no sir # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: that's right it ain't been many years ago. Interviewer: What did they call these things when you first started to buy 'em uh? 543: Well we'd call 'em light bulbs. Interviewer: You did now? 543: #1 Yes sir. Right. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Do # and you still do? 543: #1 Oh yes sir uh really still call them that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yes sir light. Interviewer: {NW} I was wondering if they called 'em lamps or uh 543: Well they'd call #1 this # Interviewer: #2 bulb? # 543: {D: here li-} lamps such as this but then this call that there there #1 above # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 543: a light bulb. Interviewer: And uh {NW} what would you buy for say ten cents uh uh what would cost around a dime back then? 543: #1 Back there then? Oh # Interviewer: #2 {X} Mm-hmm. # 543: man ooh we'd get ooh man you'd get a lot of stuff for a dime then. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Oh # yes sir man. Interviewer: {X} Not uh not inflation in those days #1 right? {NW} # 543: #2 Oh man. # Ooh. oh fella yes sir {X} or these box of sardine man. Nickel a piece. {NW} Oh yes sir and big uh the salt these cans salt {D: on} boxes you know. {NW} {D: They they're for} nickel a package. Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 543: #2 Oh # soda man yes sir. Nickel a {D: packet.} {D: Oh this} just just just lots back there then. Interviewer: So you thought really more about nickels and dimes than you did #1 {X} # 543: #2 Well oh # right yes #1 sir yes sir sure. # Interviewer: #2 {X} Uh-huh. # 543: Sure that's right. Interviewer: And uh {NW} the thing that you put uh I think you said your mother had time to grow flowers. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 too uh. # 543: #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # And uh and then she she grew the flowers in the house in a what a? Uh. Did you say she grew the flowers in a pot? 543: Well um I'll tell you we didn't have pots back there then. She'd uh get herself a old bucket. Some old #1 bucket # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: you know. It ain't no good for nothing you know and that's what we'd mostly grow 'em in or maybe get a oh a fruit jar or something another like that you know done cracked and w- ain't good to use for you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 uh # canning or something another like that you know. Interviewer: And the the fruit jar would be for cut #1 flowers? # 543: #2 Oh yeah well # cut flowers you know of course maybe have some other little ol' flower you know to put in that you know. Maybe it growed it wouldn't get large or something another like #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir them cut flower you know that's what they'd use for these here vases and #1 things. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: #1 They'd they put flowers in. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # By the way did you have to uh take care of all those flowers over at the? 543: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 I thought of you the other day # 543: #2 You say yes sir. # Yes sir that is right. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And uh # in the uh in the kitchen uh uh what did she use to to cook eggs in uh? 543: Egg? Interviewer: Yeah. 543: Well {D: she maybe have have a ol''} skillet you know. {D: There they'd ha- they'd get a hold} a skillet you know to cook eggs in. Now I've seen 'em cook 'em in s- in uh just some kind of a little ol' pan. And but sometimes they'd have 'em be eh uh you know a lot of 'em have cooked 'em in just pans #1 just some kind of. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Did # Does skillet have legs on it or uh? 543: #1 Well now I'll tell you what now that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: come on that come on way on up you know man. Uh people who {D: glare like that} skillets. Now skillets is got them legs on 'em like little legs on 'em you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Now man I remember back there then when they would eh had you know back then we never could get 'em. Everybody would have 'em they want 'em need 'em you know {D: but them did have 'em you know.} They'd set 'em on the fireplace you know and cook stuff in 'em you know. And of course you uh set 'em on the cookstove {D: while you'd mostly take the eye out} you know and let it go down closer to the heat. Interviewer: Uh what what is that uh thing that you'd uh put down in the eye uh take the eye out and then what what did you call that is that a pot? 543: Pot well now yes sir. Yeah that's a pot. That's right. {C: background noise} #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Kettle or? # 543: Well you got kettles and pots. Interviewer: #1 I'm not sure about the difference uh. # 543: #2 It's different than a pot. # Oh yes sir. Interviewer: Uh. 543: A little pot it come up so high you know and this wide you know. And then it's got a lid you know. {D: the the} is made just set down on it. And them kettles they's kind of rounded you know and come up and they got a lid fastened on it. Just screw around like that and fasten the lid on it. Them ol' #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: kettle you know. And then it's got a neck to it. You pour water out of it you know. Interviewer: I see 543: Yes sir now #1 that's a that's a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: #1 tea kettle. # Interviewer: #2 Mostly # #1 for # 543: #2 Tea kettles. # Interviewer: water? 543: #1 Yes sir yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: for water uh mostly #1 yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: And that pot is just a open top you know. It sets down in there {D: uh in the} same eye that kettle sets in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Did you uh # uh did you ever in later years uh say did your wife ever have that real fine uh dishes that you would almost see through they're so thin? 543: Metal? Interviewer: Uh no uh these this made out of? 543: #1 Glass. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 Glass. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: What you call that {D: f- for.} Glass or fiberglass like. Oh I was did she ever have anything that she called china? Well no we didn't no sir we didn't but I've seen it you know. they have that at some people had that chinaware. Interviewer: Uh back when you were uh #1 child? {X} # 543: #2 Yes sir just a few people # had it. That chinaware. But back there then you you hardly ever see any of #1 it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: No sir. Interviewer: Did you ever see anybody uh uh use it in a nest to fool a hen? 543: Oh yeah well uh yes sir. Man #1 that's right. # Interviewer: #2 Oh really. # 543: {D: C- nest egg.} #1 Nest egg. That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Nest egg. Did you ever # call it china? 543: No sir #1 we didn't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: back there then you know but oh that's what it was I guess. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 But. # We just called it a nest egg you know. Interviewer: And how about the uh things you eat with um a knife and 543: Fork. Yes sir knife and fork you know. Interviewer: And 543: #1 Spoons. # Interviewer: #2 and spoons. # 543: Spoons. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 And did you have uh # uh something they call case #1 knives? # 543: #2 Yes sir. # We had some case knives small knives you know. Interviewer: Okay what uh I'm gonna change that. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I'm gonna ask # you about that. 543: #1 Yes sir yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 543: sure that's right. Interviewer: And you said um you said just a second ago there that they had wooden handles #1 handles and? # 543: #2 Yes # sir they had wooden handles that's right. {D: Just the knife and a} little ol' piece of wooden wood on each side of 'em handles on 'em. Interviewer: And uh said they had keys? 543: {D: Yes sir they had keys too they had hole that} metal had holes in it. And put some little #1 keys # Auxiliary: #2 Michael. # 543: through it and uh #1 grind it down. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 543: #1 And all them had wood on 'em han- hand # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 543: {D: knives.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then the really sharp knives what would they be called uh? 543: Butcher knives Interviewer: Uh-huh. And 543: {NW} Interviewer: uh later on when you uh got water in the house running water uh what did you what do you call the things you turn off and on with? 543: Faucets. Interviewer: #1 Uh when you first # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: first got it? 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh and uh if you have the same kind of thing on a barrel what do you call that? Uh. 543: Well that's a faucet. Faucet too. Same thing in a barrel #1 faucet too you know. # Interviewer: #2 Now did you have if # somebody has one out in the yard they can hook a hose on while they are gardening. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Is that uh? # 543: #2 Yes sir that's the # that's about the same #1 thing you know. Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Right. # 543: That same #1 thing. {X} # Interviewer: #2 Ever hear anybody # call uh those uh spigots? Or are they all #1 faucets? # 543: #2 Well I'll # tell you we would {D: uh just buy the ol''} faucets you know. {D: Yes sir come turn the faucet on out there.} Hydrant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh in in the house uh without running water it must've been a chore to do the dishes uh 543: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 can you tell me # about that uh? 543: Well I'll tell you yes sir. Uh you did have to bring water in in in buckets or something another. Uh fruit jars or {C: laughing} something another. Jugs or something like that you know and bring in there you know. To put in the dish pan. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir. {D: Get the} #1 dish # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: pan in there. We'd well you know a big pan. And put the dishes in there then and put the water in the kettle and {X} tea kettle and uh heat it you know and pour it in there and then get some cool water and cool it off to what you you know could put your hand in and wash 'em. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 543: Get you a rag you know and wash them dishes you know {D: out and then have 'em uh} rag there to dry 'em off. #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # did you put 'em through a second water then or #1 {X} Too too hard? # 543: #2 No sir. No sir. No sir. Just just # just just that's right. Just one water mostly. Interviewer: How about clothes uh after they did you have uh a second water? 543: Yes sir yes sir they have two two buckets or two tubs {D: and once a day we had to} put 'em in #1 you know that's right. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir. {D: Wash 'em out in the shed water you know then and put 'em over there in the rain shelter.} Interviewer: #1 I see. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh for uh what did you use for towels? Uh mostly uh? 543: Well we would use uh after we went well we didn't use {D: the fertilizer} but I remember us {C: laughing} using fertilizer sacks after we went to getting fertilize. But back then we didn't have none and so just uh {NS} {D: for} sometime we could find some uh uh cloth or uh just a white cloth there you know that they has in the store you know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 And it's # just some kind of ol' thick cloth you know. {X} And then my mother would get it cut up you know for towel just in a small #1 piece. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And the uh what did you use on your body would that be these fertilizer sacks? 543: Man yes sir. #1 Yes sir after # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 543: went to getting them there fertilizer sacks. That's right yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Mother would # make 'em there shirts out of them there fertilizer sacks #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And and would would she make shirts uh I thought would she make towels or uh #1 or? # 543: #2 Well after # {D: they} after went to getting that you know made shirts and uh Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 543: #2 Yeah you # takes uh well back there then {D: well my man well} she'd take that there ol' uh stuff you know and I forget the name of that {D: cloth. And they said ducking.} But uh {D: domestic.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: They call it {D: domestic. Yeah that's some} thick cloth you know. My mother made eh um clothes out of that you know underclothes out of that you know. And then maybe some of it you'd take it you know and uh maybe some kind of a dye something another. {D: Cannot seem to} get out. And uh make us some pretty yellow shades out of clay. Interviewer: Is that right? 543: Right. Yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Out of clay. # 543: #2 That's # dye. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 543: #2 {X} # keep it from being so white you know and all. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # There would be something in the clay that would #1 uh? # 543: #2 Oh yeah # clay get in there good you know you can get out {D: there and uh just} in them some of them clay {D: gulleys that cut} what kind of color clay you want you know and weigh it you know. and put that cloth in there you {D: know and swaddle it around.} {D: and the- ta- and} she'd sorta put a little salt on it uh keep it in there and that I mean it'll stay soft. Interviewer: It would? 543: Yes sir it #1 it wouldn't wash # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: out. #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Um # Somebody uh told me that that they dyed cloth with walnut uh. 543: Oh yeah man she'd take oh man yes sir. She took that and sh- and she took oak bark. and trimmed it and make make dye out of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: I mean and them walnuts man yes sir they just just different colors #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 It # would be the um see the #1 the outside is green? # 543: #2 Outside outside. # Right right yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: Uh what do you what do you call that uh? 543: Hull the walnut hull the. Interviewer: And uh is that a green or would it be a brown? 543: {D: No here it'd} be brown. {D: That uh} you know. course the outside would look green on the outside but in that hull you know why it's brown. I mean that get on your finger you can't hardly #1 get it off. Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 I see. # 543: #2 Brown is # you know on the inside {D: of it.} Interviewer: And uh she dyed clothes with that? 543: Yes sir. #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: sir sure that's right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: You know after them walnuts get in a certain stage it well it's it's pretty well brown all all the way through you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: {X} They ripe then you know. Interviewer: And uh if she took a little piece of cloth to the store and uh to show what kind of she wanted it for a dress what would she call that uh? 543: A pattern. #1 They would take a # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: pattern to you know to see what kind uh you know they would want like that #1 then. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And if uh if it would be just not uh so much a pattern as just a little piece like #1 that? # 543: #2 Oh yeah # just a little ol' cloth you know. {X} Interviewer: #1 Ever call that a? # 543: #2 Sample. # Interviewer: #1 Sample. {X} # 543: #2 Sample. Something like that. Yes sir. # Interviewer: So a sample would be small and a pattern would be? 543: Yes sir lar- #1 lar- that's right. Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: uh what would she wear outside the over her dress to keep it clean uh? 543: Apron. {C: laughing} #1 Apron. # Interviewer: #2 Uh did # it come up? 543: {X} Oh yes sir yes sir that's right. They'd wear them aprons {D: on.} Interviewer: #1 Up to their shoulders? # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Yes sir. #1 Sure. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: That's right. Interviewer: And uh other things that women would would uh use uh what if your mother went to town uh what would she keep her coins in? Uh. 543: Oh {C: laughing} {D: ol' bag or sack} or something like #1 that. A little ol' # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 543: sack. Uh yes sir homemade sack or something #1 another yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Um and that # would it be just the same now as a 543: {D: Pi-} uh purse #1 or pocket b- # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 543: billfold #1 or something there you know like that uh. # Interviewer: #2 And it would be uh # sturdy enough you wouldn't loose the coins out? 543: Oh you see they they they'd know how to you know fold it down over the top and put um a drawstring in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: That's right. Yeah put um a drawstring in it. They they'd fold it o- over the top and and and sew it down around there and and and run that string through around there you know and they'd pull it too you know. And it I mean it'd stay in there you know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Maybe # tie it there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: #1 Yes sir it {X} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Did she uh have anything she'd wear around her #1 wrists or around the neck? # 543: #2 Well some of 'em had a # Interviewer: {X} 543: bracelets you know. Bracelets on the arm you know and then some beads. Interviewer: Did uh anybody did you ever hear anybody say talk about a pair of beads? 543: Pair of beads yes sir. Interviewer: #1 What is {X} # 543: #2 That's just one # string of beads you know. {X} You got on a pair of bead. {D: Just} call 'em a pair {D: but they just} Interviewer: #1 beads. # 543: #2 Just one # Interviewer: #1 one s- # 543: #2 One # one string #1 of bead. You # Interviewer: #2 string. # 543: got on a pair of #1 beads. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 That'd mean the same # thing as a pair of {D: mules} huh? 543: {NW} Yes right right yes sir. {NW} Interviewer: If um somebody uh if a woman liked to oh spend a lot of time in front of the mirror especially a young girl and she'd uh do something with her hair and you know all the rest. What would you des- how would you describe that? 543: #1 What? # Interviewer: #2 Say she # sure likes to? 543: {X} Comb her hair. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # {D: We'd uh} combing her hair fixing her hair you #1 know. Fixing it. # Interviewer: #2 Fixing it? # Would you ever call that uh primp? #1 Uh. # 543: #2 Primping. # Primping of course {D: that's that's} #1 that's what # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: they {C: laughing} mostly doing there. #1 They're # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: primping their hair #1 you know too uh. # Interviewer: #2 Uh would you ever # say that about a man? {D: Won't you uh} would you ever say that about a man? 543: Well uh no when back there then {D: when you know and all so he'd} just say combing his hair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir cause he he wouldn't do much primping. He'd have it cut. Interviewer: I see. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: Yes #1 sir. # Interviewer: #2 And # uh the thing that you'd use to keep the rain off when you're go walking? 543: He'd call it a umbrella. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And keep the sun off what uh #1 uh what would you use? # 543: #2 A hat. # Interviewer: #1 # 543: #2 # Interviewer: Well 543: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 you # carry some ladies used to carry things to keep the sun off. 543: Oh yes sir. Uh we we call 'em #1 umbrellas. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # #1 And para- # 543: #2 Parasol # that's that's what they call 'em parasols now. Interviewer: Oh I see this #1 parasol for {X} later I see. # 543: #2 Parasol is the umbrella. Parasol. Yes # sir yes sir #1 that's right. # Interviewer: #2 Now would you # call them uh umbrellas? 543: #1 Umbrella we # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: called them umbrellas #1 back there then you know. Yes and they c- uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 543: got a style they call 'em #1 parasol. # Interviewer: #2 I # #1 see more fancy. # 543: #2 Oh # sure yes #1 sir yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Uh yes sir. Interviewer: And uh a uh the things that you uh now hold babies' diapers together with? You #1 pin 'em? # 543: #2 Safety # pins. Interviewer: And uh did you ever in school uh oh let me show you this {NS} what did in school what did you use to write with um? Miss {B} gave me this #1 uh. Uh-huh. {X} # 543: #2 Good grace. {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 543: #2 That's # {D: my ink pen.} Interviewer: {X} 543: Called it a fountain pen. {NW} Yes #1 sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 543: Fountain pen good {D: grace.} {NS} Interviewer: Hello? No you wanted to dial uh zero or three. {NS} 543: Oh man that's that ink #1 pen. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yeah man. {D: that seem like way back yonder would be.} Interviewer: That's uh seen some use too I can tell. 543: Sure sure sure #1 and it'll # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 543: still write you know. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 543: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Dip it in there and {D: take.} #1 Well I see an ink pen. # Interviewer: #2 I see uh explain # how they used to use that in #1 school. # 543: #2 Would she # call that a ink pen? Interviewer: Yeah. 543: #1 Yeah uh that's right that's right yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh uh-huh. # 543: {D: And and we we want to} call these here fountain #1 pens you see. That's right. Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh and uh-huh. # Did you use those when you were in school #1 or? No. # 543: #2 Not # too much no sir. No sir we just used more pencils #1 of course. I'll # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: tell you what now uh back there then they'd use them at home writing letters to people you know and all but #1 we didn't use 'em # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 543: in school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Now of course some of 'em might have did. Interviewer: Um uh do you happen to remember how you mentioned writing letters how how did they uh how did they write what did they write on the envelope? Uh did they have a did you use the same kind of thing that you do now? 543: Oh well yes sir yes sir that's right. Sure. You know they back you know put their name on there and you know and where it all to go you know. #1 and all. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Didn't have any zip codes then but uh? 543: No sir. #1 No sir # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: there no no zip #1 codes. # Interviewer: #2 Did you have # have did you have to have a whole {NW} would you use your box number and uh uh did you have a route number or box 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 number? # 543: #1 Yes sir yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 543: {D: Yes sir after uh} Interviewer: And you you'd call that {X} say you sit down and you what? 543: #1 Address # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Address the address #1 the envelope you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And # uh the that information there would be called uh so you address the envelope then that that information would be called? Somebody your mother might say now don't forget to put on the? 543: Envelope? Addre- Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 543: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: I see. Or she? 543: Address. Interviewer: You'd use the same word that you'd use use today right? 543: Well yes sir yes sir. #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 543: sir yes sir. Sure sure that's right yes sir. Interviewer: Okay. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And now talk about men's clothes for a minute uh how about uh different parts to um say you go to the store you buy uh a new uh a whole new outfit what would you call #1 that? # 543: #2 Suits. # Interviewer: #1 # 543: #2 # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And what would that what parts would you have? 543: Well uh if you want just uh a suit of #1 clothes? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir. You'd have a coat and a pair of pants with a with a s- suit. Interviewer: Would you have anything under the coat? 543: Uh a vest. Interviewer: {X} 543: #1 Called it a vest. A # Interviewer: #2 {X} vest. # 543: vest yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Uh with # no sleeves {D: in it loop.} Come together with #1 buttons. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yes sir the pockets #1 on it. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: Yes sir we call that a vest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: That'd go where the most of the people back there then you know and all. {D: They they that'll} took that to make that suit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Course you can find suits now you know that no don't have it. Interviewer: Uh I I think vests are coming back. #1 Uh I noticed # 543: #2 Well maybe that's. # Interviewer: uh noticed these young young people #1 walking around with uh. # 543: #2 I know several of 'em. # Yes. Interviewer: {NW} 543: {D: Yes sir like that old.} {NW} #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # How would you keep your pants up? How did you? 543: Well uh well they'd get us a belt. Uh most of the time back there then they'd use these suspenders you know #1 to hold 'em up. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: But you know then some of 'em would have these belts in 'em you know around their waists #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: {D: They} put through in there. Interviewer: And uh what did you wear to work? Uh what would you use at work uh 543: Well you mostly wear old overalls Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 to # work in. Them come plumb on up you know that bib on 'em. #1 you know. Yes sir them gallus # Interviewer: #2 Oh you have a bib on 'em? {X} # 543: come over here and fasten on #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: I li- like 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Uh did you did you ever have anything that you'd call uh jeans? 543: Yes sir. Blue jeans they call 'em you know back there then #1 you know cause # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 543: just waist pants you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: {D: They're kind of} made out of the uh cloth what this overall cloth made out of #1 you know. Ducking. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Uh so it'd be the overalls would be with the bib and the jeans would #1 {X} # 543: #2 be be yes sir pants yes sir this # {D: chai-} uh jean blue jeans #1 they call 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And if somebody uh would fill up his uh coat so the pockets would go like this what would you say well look at his pockets? 543: Sticking out or puffed out sticking #1 out you know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: Yes look at his pockets sticking out Interviewer: #1 there on his # 543: #2 Uh # Interviewer: #1 coat. {X} # 543: #2 Say uh what's # Interviewer: what's making your pockets bulge? Have you used that word? Uh what's making your pockets bulge so? 543: Bulge out. Interviewer: #1 Bulge out? # 543: #2 Yes # sir what's making your #1 pocket bulge out? # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And when would you uh when your mother stopped making clothes and you started to uh buy 'em at the store. If you buy a new oh say a new shirt and first time you would wash it why uh it wouldn't fit anymore. 543: No sir. #1 It's uh it's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: done drawed up. Interviewer: #1 Is that uh. # 543: #2 Yes sir # done {C: laughing} drawed up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Did you ever use a word like uh shrink? #1 Uh. # 543: #2 Shrunk # up. It's #1 done shrunk up to where it won't fit. # Interviewer: #2 {X} Uh-huh. {NW} # {NW} 543: Too little. Interviewer: I bet that happened. 543: #1 Oh lots of times yes sir them shrunk up. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Lots of times. Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Um # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # are you getting I can't believe it's this time #1 already. # 543: #2 Man # how did that pass off thataway? Interviewer: Uh I was going to at one oh clock I actually I wanted to ask ask you if you wanted a #1 sandwich. # 543: #2 No no # {D: no no no I'm making} fine. No sir. Thank you. #1 Thank you. If # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: you'd make it. Interviewer: I hear I really can't believe it's #1 uh # 543: #2 Well. # Interviewer: it's so late. 543: #1 I see # Interviewer: #2 I expected to # stop at one oh clock and uh ask you if you wanted a sandwich. #1 I forgot to. # 543: #2 {X} No sir # thank you thank you. {D: We've make it} #1 no sir. {D: I said.} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Well # you got a few minutes yet. Uh would you like to did you think of anything that uh that we haven't covered uh um that you'd like to to tell me about? #1 Anything {X} there that uh. # 543: #2 Oh well. # {D: No and to} and and and I just um thought about {D: mentioning by then} building them houses you know and all. We'd get out there and cut them logs you know and and and trim 'em you know. Square 'em up you know and then cut notches in 'em that fit. And in some places we would cut you know them trees about eight or ten inches through them poplars some poplar. I've seen a lot of 'em. And they split 'em half open And stand 'em up edgeway. Take that ol' auger {X} and then got a just got a stick. Just stick it through there and that's what we'd bore holes in. Man you know it'd take a time to bore a hole through something {C: laughing} #1 like that. And then put # Interviewer: #2 Yeah I I uh # 543: {D: dry I drum a} peg to stick down in there you know. I mean them logs would stay there. Interviewer: Hmm. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # uh you mentioned that would that be that one other you mentioned that before how you used to make your own augers. 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # do I understand you made 'em out of a hard wood? 543: #1 Well uh. # Interviewer: #2 Or {X} or what uh? # 543: Uh now now that's that's what w- we'd we'd {X} I mean uh we'd might have to buy one of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: {X} It's steel. Interviewer: Do you uh they you you bought the #1 auger? {X} I see. # 543: #2 Yes sir. We'd buy the auger you know. It'd # be probably oh different sizes about about you know size of that or something another. And then it have a hole in it up there. {D: Just} stick a stick through it and that's the way we'd go around with it #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: #1 That's that's the way we'd do. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: We didn't have that {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 543: neither no. {NW} Interviewer: #1 I see. And uh # 543: #2 Electric drill or nothing. # Interviewer: So in order to to join two two planks you you'd uh draw uh you drill those wholes and then just put a #1 a peg in it. # 543: #2 Peg # in it yes sir. #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 It would # really hold 'em? 543: {D: Trim.} Oh yes sir. They'd #1 stay there. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 That's right yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Mm-hmm. 543: And too I wanna {C: coughing} mention about that uh you know I couldn't think just {D: the other thing} about you know about how people you know would call one another you know and talk you know we'd talk to #1 one another and everything. # Interviewer: #2 Yes I'd # I'd like to uh #1 {X} # 543: #2 Man it's # funny I laugh about it you know {C: laughing} back in that there time. Course that's all I ever know you know and all you know how people you know I said what the white people that you know said about us if we if they liked us you know and uh how we'd say about them if we #1 liked them and then all you # Interviewer: #2 Right. Right. # 543: know what we'd call 'em you know {C: laughing} and all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And so if I {C: laughing} said we did call us you know niggers of course we'd {D: kid around when we could. We'd} call them all rednecks or #1 something another. Pecker wood # Interviewer: #2 Redneck. # 543: or something. If you didn't like one of 'em. #1 But if you liked # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: one of them. Here's here's the funny part about it was that uh {NS} we would say mister and yes sir and no sir to 'em. Mister so and so you know {D: and that was all then.} But the way they would say it to us {NW} man {C: laughing} is uncle or auntie. {NW} Interviewer: Is that right? 543: That's right. #1 yes sir. Uncle and aunt. Yeah the that's the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. They they showed respect {X} # 543: that's the way they would show their respect you know. #1 Of course and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: sorta always it wasn't funny because that's #1 all we knowed you know the way. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 543: They wouldn't say yes sir no sir to us you know you know. But I'll tell you but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: you know yeah no and so {D: uncle. It would be you know put age before it you know.} {NW} Or they'd say uncle or auntie. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do they do that uh today yet #1 uh? # 543: #2 Well I uh # {D: mean you know what they gonna} well sir man that started it. {C: laughing} This started d- man yes {D: sir now look at this.} The way they done started saying you know mister. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And miss. But there's one thing about it I I can't {NW} I don't like about it is that the young peoples and they don't treat 'em t- teach 'em to say it. Mister. And yes sir and no sir. #1 They don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: do that much. Uh of course {D: they I mean another word they even say mister} pretty well you know about like that. But I'm saying yeah they say yeah no to you. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 I d- # I just can't get used to it. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 {X} Yeah no to everybody is. # 543: #2 Yeah no. Right right right. That's what # I mean you know. {D: But then yous going to stand there mister.} #1 They call you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: mister you know mostly. #1 They they uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: most of 'em {D: gonna} teach them in saying that you know. That they didn't back {D: there} you know of course. Interviewer: Did you uh did they use the word kids #1 when you # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: were young uh? 543: Children. #1 Children. Chillun. Chilluns. # Interviewer: #2 Children. {X} Chilluns. # 543: Chilluns. Interviewer: Uh kids is not uh you didn't hear that #1 word. {X} # 543: #2 No sir. No sir. # No sir that's that's that's style. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. {X} # 543: #2 {NW} # That's style now. {C: laughing} Kids. {NW} #1 You call 'em # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: chilluns. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Do anything uh do any other expressions come back to you that you used to use uh especially colored people with other colored people so that uh oh just different jokes and expressions and things like that. Uh any of those things come back for you? 543: Well I'll tell you whatsit I've had several you know that come around but uh you know like I had some of 'em left me you know that I thought I would mention about it but. Yes sir And to back there we were talking about the law and all you know. {NW} And uh back there in them time if uh I say I call 'em colored fellow must be working for {D: or a} white man or living on his place or something what he'd tell them. #1 And that's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: the way that it went. {D: They were} you go there and if you get into it over there why make it back over here. says if you stay out of the cemetery I keep you out of the plantation. Interviewer: I see. {C: laughing} 543: And that did do it. #1 {NW} That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. Uh-huh. # How did uh how did they work uh? Was that share work or #1 sharecropping or {X} # 543: #2 Uh that that that was the # ooh that was the biggest thing. Yes sir that's right. Sharecropping. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Give them half they make you know. Live on a fella's places you know like that and give 'em half they make. Interviewer: Then then out of that half you you buy your #1 food. Or that you use it for your clothes. # 543: #2 Yes that's sir right. Uh right that's what you'd live on. Right. # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh {NW} suppose you you just stay there in the house as long as you and the other man got #1 along? # 543: #2 Yes # sir that's right that's right. #1 Just on and on # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: Man stayed for years people have #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir that's #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 Would # they ever uh would you ever have your own mule or or um? 543: Mm man not much. Not all that much. Now there there would be be a some few you know would buy a place out you know. Small place or something like that you'd you know. They'd have for their own you know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 But # they just the most of 'em man just live on the other fella's place you know and just just stay there and work work work #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: and give 'em half they make well. {NW} Uh and probably they wouldn't make enough to pay out. Or they part. Just stay on and on and on. That would just {D: be up} on and on and it would just. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So it'd be pretty important to to uh have a good man uh. #1 Good. That's right. That's right. Yes sir. Yes sir. That's right. # 543: #2 {X} Otherwise he could # Interviewer: he could cheat #1 you uh. # 543: #2 Uh. # {D: Oh yeah.} {NW} He did a lot. {C: laughing} #1 Uh they uh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: That's that's the way. that's right yes sir. Interviewer: Just part of the. 543: Yes sir well what else could I do? Just stay on there. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Go # {D: beyond well that's that's} that's that's about the way it is. Yes #1 sir. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: And um oh man. {D: And I know} my daddy done it one time and that's the reason I'm I'm saying it to you. {NW} He we- that's the way we did is he he he a lots work on the other fella's place {D: that's where you and I say. We'd} go on the fella's place and clean it up and everything and all. And well they get it cleaned up and everything well. {D: Yeah.} {NW} They didn't have much more to do with this work well. Uh he'd say well you owe so much and you never pay it and all so well they got it fixed up there. And he'd go somewhere else. He bought a place over there from a fella. And we was going ahead and working and paying for the place and bolts and stocking everything and then pay the lots on it and said well the man just come in and say well George say you just can't pay for this place. {D: You just will uh} let me have it back he said. I just I'm gonna just take it back. #1 Took it back # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: {D: and that's the way that it going on.} Interviewer: #1 And you couldn't do anything? # 543: #2 Oh n- # never what n- {D: you go beyond well that's you and that man. That's all of it.} Interviewer: {X} That's just. 543: Oh well well that things that's just the way things #1 works that's all. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. But they treat uh do you think that they treat white farmers the same way uh #1 uh sure. # 543: #2 Yeah they did. # Yes sir. #1 yes sir you know # Interviewer: #2 {x} # 543: poor people's poor people. Right yes sir. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: {D: Done been around 'em.} Interviewer: #1 So # 543: #2 Right. Yes sir. # Interviewer: just uh just #1 got a meanness in 'em uh. # 543: #2 Oh yes sir # that's all I know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 You know # just that's just their way of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Kind of would take a lot of uh a lot of Christian charity {D: would it.} #1 {NW} # 543: #2 Right right right. # That's right. {D: That's where I says} things changed up so so much now. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: Okay if you had it to do over again would you like to grow up now or would you just as #1 soon {X} # 543: #2 Well # it's hard to tell. {C: laughing} In {D: waves} you know. Well you said just take it the whole way round. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Oh well. # Oh well I'm gonna tell you. I'd go back. {C: laughing} Interviewer: You would go back. 543: I'd go back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Well probably oh well {D: this is to good there's a lot to that though.} If I was helped back in you know in everything oh wealth and uh able bodied and everything you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And but up now uh I couldn't go through couldn't go through now what I have went #1 through. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 543: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh yo- young people oh don't have that kind of thing that somebody cheating them all the time though. That's they #1 the way that you have a chance to get ahead wouldn't you? # 543: #2 {X} Oh yeah uh that # man as much of a chance. #1 and they don't use # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 543: it a lot of them. That's what that's what #1 ooh gets on me. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: {D: Give you a} chance now man that's #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It's different in that way but uh on the other hand there. 543: {NW} #1 That's it that's it that's it. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Yes sir yes sir. Interviewer: #1 Innovations # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: that you had to put up #1 with uh uh today {X} # 543: #2 Sure sure sure. That is right. # Yes sir. Yes sir. Uh-huh. Interviewer: So your children uh all left and and and n- none of your children are. 543: Well there's none. Other words #1 they are not in the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: house with me. {D: Oh there there is} some there you know close to around live on the place you know I give 'em a acre a piece there you know. Interviewer: Oh. 543: It's uh three three living right there. Yes sir. #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: they they they got their little ol' house there you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: {D: And that's it public working.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And your wife is she in pretty good health? 543: No sir. No #1 Oh she isn't? # Interviewer: #2 sir. No sir. No # 543: sir no sir. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 543: #2 No sir. # She stayed in the hospital last spring good bit. #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: in bad health. And she just stayed around the home now she tending to two of the little grand chillun there you know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #1 # 543: #2 # Interviewer: And your health seems to be very good or #1 {X} # 543: #2 Oh man that's # what people will say but I ain't near well as I look. {C: laughing} #1 Then I'd be # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: some old {X} some kind of construction work now. Interviewer: Oh. 543: Oh I've done a lot of it just for little or nothing. Ooh man. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 That's right. # And I know what to do and how to do and everything you know and all. Could get a job anywhere anytime but it wasn't paying nothing. And so now it's paying something and I ain't able to do it. Interviewer: {X} 543: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 543: That's right yes sir yes sir #1 sure. # Interviewer: #2 I # guess the the good wages 543: #1 Right right man that's # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: what I look at you know. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 543: #2 And these people that # can do it won't do it. Interviewer: There uh you look around Oxford and this building up so fast 543: #1 Right right. Oh man that is right yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 construction all around. {X} Go up # up to highway seven 543: {NW} Interviewer: and there's this great big uh developments there. 543: Yes sir. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Sure. Interviewer: Um I don't know where all the money comes from is a lot of it #1 {X} # 543: #2 I don't know. # {X} It look like it is. Man. I think sometimes {C: laughing} I don't know what the government gonna do directly. {C: laughing} I mean oh man way back out here {NW} I'd say about three miles back in here on a little dirt road on the camp ground road we call it you know. And man they building houses and they're big houses. {C: drawn out} {D: Cutting those} roads to 'em you know. just building that country up. It'll be in town. {D: Here's a} town over here #1 directly. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # In fact uh it seems to me Oxford is all the way out practically to Taylor. 543: Yeah right right right yes sir it's moving on out. #1 Just keeps building on both ways # Interviewer: #2 Just keep building out. Mm-hmm. # 543: all the way up. Yes sir. Interviewer: You mentioned um uh ms {B} out on the campground road. I never did get out there #1 is? # 543: #2 Well. # Interviewer: Uh is she uh does she have let's see did you tell me she has a high school education or? 543: I believe that woman do have. Interviewer: Uh would you tell me more about her uh I what I'm what I'm thinking is this uh I have just just one uh I've got two white uh interviews and just one black #1 and uh # 543: #2 Yes sir. # I see. Interviewer: I'd like to have somebody uh maybe a woman. And uh since you're a man it's probably a good thing to have a woman and have oh uh uh you you've done a lot of farming and so if you could think of some woman who would uh well you're working uh maybe a teacher or work in the post office or something like that 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Would be # an interesting kind of balance uh. 543: Sure. Interviewer: Or just like I interviewed {NW} a school teacher a white school teacher and then uh a white farmer. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: And I interviewed you now I'd like to balance so if you can think of any. 543: A teacher she's she's #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Or # or uh it doesn't doesn't have to be a #1 teacher but # 543: #2 Well # Interviewer: doesn't matter if she's. What is this ms {B} done uh? 543: #1 Uh she # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: farmed most of the time you know. #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 She farmed? # 543: And then she's just a midwife. And I'll tell you what now my I got a sister in law out there she taught students she done retired now. and I would just oh if you just had time to go out there and just talk with her and see whether you would you know wanna wanna use her you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: I she done retired. Interviewer: #1 She did huh? # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: Is she uh did she grow up in this county? #1 {X} She did? # 543: #2 Oh yes sir right right just # raised right over here in the edge of town. Right over here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh I'd like to uh if you tell me how to uh to uh get in touch with her. 543: Oh yes sir {D: yes she's still right outside of ms} not very far {D: out on the other side of ms} {B} around there. Corner of Montgo- well in other words his na- Her name is {D: Uneeda} {B} {D: Uneeda} {B} and her husband name {D: Quinum} {B} Her husband. Interviewer: And they're on the {B} 543: I tell you what {D: though if y- you} go out there uh you can go either way. Uh well you can go out this a way I this way I'm gonna tell you this way. you just go out there and hit {B} road and know about where it is over here you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And go in down there about oh easily about about a mile from thirty round {B} road you get down that way sir. Interviewer: And that's it? 543: to the right Interviewer: #1 Go off to the right? {X} # 543: #2 Yes sir go out # here you know. {NW} little John's store where you know where that that place is there you know. That little ol' {D: cream colored like about this that's} {B}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: You turn there it's just about a mile around that road there. And he lives on the right side you get around that where you see some trucks and trailer and tractors. And he live in a white house to the right there. Yeah you'll see a lot of ol' truck a lot of trucks and tractors and to the left there in front of it is two or three trailers there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 543: And of course {NW} uh if you wanna call her and talk to her you could do that you know. Interviewer: I I was gonna say is she in the phone book? 543: #1 Oh yeah her hu- uh her husband # Interviewer: #2 Uh. Here? # 543: has a phone uh you know yes sir. {X} {B}. Interviewer: {NW} 543: And I can call her and tell her so she {C: laughing} you know how some peoples be you know but #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 543: think she'd be because she she's uh {D: Q let's see see.} It's it's in the it's in the M's. {D: Quinum} {B} Interviewer: Let's see. Maybe I'm not spelling it right. 543: {D: Quinum} {B} See now I have to {C: laughing} get the #1 glasses see. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 543: {B}. Oh yeah oh I don't know let me see now. I can't keep it in my head this is in the M's and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 543: M to E M uh M-C. let's see let's see Wait now wait now. Where would the M-C {D: be now.} {X} {B} {X} #1 Uh here's {X} right there. # Interviewer: #2 Oh there he is. There he is. # 543: #1 Right there. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # {B} 543: That's right. Interviewer: Uh. {B} 543: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Um # would you have time to call her now or is it about two oh #1 clock? # 543: #2 Well uh # I c- I could have time to call her now and tell her you know just uh. Interviewer: Okay. 543: just uh you know you think you'd #1 go out when uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 543: sometime uh and if she would #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Whenever # she uh would like. 543: She's babysitting too around there everyday. {BEEP} Interviewer: {X} Okay uh #1 {X} # 543: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: {X} house? {BEEP} {NW} {NW} 543: {X} how you doing? Oh I'm getting old. {NW} You done got old before? {C: laughing} {NW} {NW} Oh yeah. {C: laughing} Oh yeah I'm going through this exercise talking about these old {NW} {D: Uneed} listen I'm I'm I'm finishing up my tape here telling back in them olden times with a man here and he wanna know somebody you know probably that you know out you know and you know old peoples like us {NW} to talk about them olden times. {D: And Uneed} would you be interested in talking with him and he wanna tape it you know. {D: He gonna share it} Chicago. {C: laughing} {NW} Yeah. {C: laughing} Yes yes uh-huh yeah. Yeah and some of 'em told him about ms {B} and all so we just got to talking about peoples and everything you know. And uh about you and how you used to teach school and all and but. Uh huh. {D: Uneed yeah.} And I yeah. Well listen I you know thought I'd ca- call you know cause so much junk going on {D: you know we I that that's right.} {NW} {NW} I don't blame you. Yes and uh well listen then if you will then I'm gon- I'm I'm here in his office now. And or well his office here in this uh you know in the motel. No in the motel uh. Yeah. And so listen if you would talk and you know and he'd tell you about what it is here and he I'll I'll let him talk to you now and so it it's all right because I done been up here and put up my hours. {NW} All right dear. Well now listen I'm gonna let him talk to you now. All right. Interviewer: {X} #1 Thanks very much. # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: Hello ms {B} uh my name is mister {B} and uh right I'm interviewing uh people who grew up in this county and uh I'd like to ask uh a lot of questions about oh family life and uh school life church life and farming and things like that. And I certainly would like very much to talk to you if you've got any time. Well we are putting together a uh what's called uh an atlas and we ask about the same questions in different parts of the country and we're comparing the different terms and expressions and words that uh we we find. New England has been done and uh we're now doing the southern states. And uh I I should explain to you as I did to uh mister {B} I'm I'm not selling anything. And uh I'm just trying to collect this information and take it back to the university. Right uh the Emory University in Atlanta is collecting it and the University of Chicago is the headquarters. Eventually it eventually it will yes the New England states uh yes in fact I'll bring you the book out if you'd like to see it. It has been published and uh there are a series of maps and charts to the terms and expressions and uh it's really an exercise in language history as a matter of fact uh trying to compare the different uh regions according to their settlement patterns and and uh the south is really the most interesting place because it's one of the oldest uh settled areas in the country. Well I appreciate that very much uh would this afternoon {NW} be good or? {NW} Excuse me. Uh All right uh I'll try to be out there around say three oh clock. Three thirty. All right I'll see you then. Thank you very much bye. {NW} Yes I really {X} #1 {X} # 543: #2 I see yes sir. # #1 And uh. # Interviewer: #2 She sounds # uh just an ideal {NW} kind of uh uh person to talk to because then I can #1 balance up you know a man and woman and # 543: #2 {X} # Interviewer: your interests are #1 different and. # 543: #2 That's right. # Sure sure. #1 sure. # Interviewer: #2 {X} very # good. 543: Yes sir I #1 love talking to her # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 543: myself now. That's #1 that's my sister in law. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # 543: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Three thirty. 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: This afternoon. 543: Well listen did you you got about uh all the white folks that you was wanting or you gonna try to get some more? Interviewer: Well {NW} I think uh I've got {NW} I think those two would probably be #1 enough or did you have some others # 543: #2 Be enough. # Interviewer: #1 somebody else in mind or? # 543: #2 Oh no I'll tell there's a # a man and me and this man around here worked in around here in this food stamps center. Of course we growed up together some but he's much younger than I am. and it's a white man down at {X} spring. I don't guess you know where it is. Out #1 these here about # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 543: sixteen miles. Interviewer: Mm. 543: And he's a big talker and man and talked way back. He's a old man now done retired and everything. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 543: #2 I # tell you he's a talker. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Well that's uh uh. I #1 {X} # 543: #2 Well I'll # tell you what if you think you might need him sometime then I could the way he live #1 and everything. # Interviewer: #2 Well that'd be fine. # 543: #1 Well yes sir you know if you think you might would I'll be ready. # Interviewer: #2 Alright uh-huh uh. # mister {B} I really can't thank you enough for your help I mean 543: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 Anytime I {X} # Interviewer: #2 Not only uh {X} # help but I really enjoyed 543: #1 Well of course of course yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right. # Interviewer: #2 working with you. Uh yeah. # Very clear and very interesting and I certainly #1 can't thank you enough. # 543: #2 {X} # #1 Yes sir sure sure you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: welcome welcome. yes #1 sir. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Um. # And I certainly wish you the very best and I hope you uh #1 your health improves and {X} # 543: #2 Yeah. {X} Yes sir I I I # hope so then yes sir. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I suppose # you'd get more sympathy if you didn't look look so healthy. 543: #1 Well maybe so # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: {D: yeah uh uh that's right.} Interviewer: #1 I know you looked uh big and # 543: #2 Yes sir that's it. # Interviewer: strong and vigorous. #1 {NW} # 543: #2 Sure. # that's right I've been telling 'em I was gonna retire start to retire two uh sixty-two. {NW} And and some of 'em well the ol' lady work there on the other side no no no I wouldn't quit work I was you I say why you look you look like you so healthy and everything #1 I said # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: I don't feel it {D: oh I wouldn't be able to keep on you know we trying to make it to sixty-five.} {NW} Interviewer: Well 543: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 you're uh # you'll be sixty-five say next month. 543: Uh to uh May yes sir. #1 May. May. The twenty-ninth of May # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. {X} # 543: yes sir. #1 And really I'm gonna # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: tell you what too man that's another thing. I believe in the way I always c- come up into here not long ago I went out here to get my school {D: ce- uh} {D: uh uh} my birth c- {NW} birth certificate. It got b- blowed away in a storm out yonder. Married license everything you know. so in my mother's house. And so I didn't have any had to go in and get the school record. and man they got it messed up up there you know and uh and that's what showing it now. This coming May I'll be sixty-five. {D: Well I I'm} I'm I think I'm a year older than that #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 543: And they they they tried to find you know my name there you know and everything but as a child between me and one of my sisters you know and it's not and that of me you know that would make me a #1 year year older. But I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Oh. Yeah. {X} # 543: {D: this these old people and just} just didn't have it fixed up #1 right and that's just how they. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. And there's # probably nobody left to uh 543: No no no no no #1 sir no sir no sir that's right. Sure no sir. # Interviewer: #2 {X} Uh-huh. {X} # 543: Yes sir. Interviewer: Well when you do retire I sure how you enjoy it. 543: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: #1 Well I'll still # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: try to work #1 as long as I can do it can though. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Uh uh-huh. # 543: {NW} Interviewer: Well I uh #1 uh # 543: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: hope you have real pleasure out #1 here. {X} # 543: #2 Well all right then thank you # so much then yes sir. and I think you can find that place out there. You just go on up there until you get to some tractors #1 and uh you know. # Interviewer: #2 Tractors on the right. # 543: #1 Yes sir there there's a house there's a white house there on the right there. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. White house. Uh-huh. # 543: Right there at them trucks and. Interviewer: #1 How I probably {X} probably. # 543: #2 Yes sir. Oh no sir no sir. # No sir. #1 I don't think you want {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 543: {X} #1 that's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 543: Well I go then Interviewer: #1 All right. Well thank you. {X} # 543: #2 and so I'll be seeing you {X} you take notes and # {D: go with that man or} #1 something uh. # Interviewer: #2 Very very much. # 543: #1 You can you can come around and try that. # Interviewer: #2 All right. I I'll do that # #1 I'll do that. Okay well thanks again. {X} # 543: #2 And yes sir. Yes sir. All right. Well I'll see you. Good luck to you. # Interviewer: Bye. Thanks a lot. Interviewer: {D: That's better} 548: Okay Interviewer: {D: Let's see} {NS} You say that you were brought up out in the country 548: Uh-huh Yes sir Interviewer: Do you remember anything about the house that you were brought up in 548: Yes sir it was a big Florida house and Out in the {NS} Edge of the woods And um And we always worked on A new ground {NS} Interviewer: What does that mean new ground 548: {NW} indignant I don't guess you know what that is Interviewer: No ma'am 548: But it's just woods that's growed up you know and you go in there and clean out them bushes and trees and {NW} Haul the logs and pile the bricks and {NS} And burn them and {NW} Clean it off and ply it up and plant and Interviewer: And that's new ground 548: Uh-huh that's new ground And um Plant it And raise you a crop in there Interviewer: Uh-huh and did you say the new ground was the same as {D: dead end} 548: Uh-huh it's the same thing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But uh In there is where we got Most of our wood Plowing up them roots you know {NS} When they get dry we go pick them up Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And burn them for wood Interviewer: That's what you used for heat 548: Uh-huh And to cook In the cook stove Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And That's the kind of Life that we lived when we was coming up Interviewer: Yes ma'am did uh did you use any particular kind of wood to burn in the fireplace 548: Huh We'd just go out in the field and pick up {NS} Uh them roots that was the already dry you know after you {NW} Plow them up they get dry Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But when But They ain't no good until they get dry and then You burn Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And then Well there was three of us girls And um we didn't get to go to school none that's one thing hurting me Hurt us all Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And we had to work in that dead end all the time And we were brought up by our step father Boy he was rough on us Interviewer: Is that right 548: And So We was the one that had to do the work in the field And So we really had a hard time Interviewer: Yes ma'am he he made y'all work on raising the crops 548: Yes sir We plowed Whole On middle busters and everything else Interviewer: What's a middle buster 548: It's just a Type of plow Interviewer: Hmm what did it do 548: It takes a man to handle it But but Whenever we was put a hold to it we knowed to handle it Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I don't know it's this A middle buster You go along and throw your rolls up when you leave a A middle about that big And then you come back for that middle buster a different kind of plow {NW} Just splits that place right half open Throws it out that way and leaves a big middle down through there Interviewer: I see when you do it the first the time it leaves a middle about a foot long 548: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Something like that # 548: And then you come back for that middle buster and Just cut Cut that little place about {NW} Half into and throw it each way and well that leaves a big middle down through there Interviewer: Yes ma'am what did y'all grow mostly 548: Cotton and corn Back in them days Interviewer: Yes ma'am how big a field did you have 548: Well sometime we had a Um Seventy-five maybe a hundred acres My step papa rented his land you know And he'd Rent just different {X} But anyhow sometimes he'd rent a Whole lot sometimes he wouldn't rent so much Interviewer: Yes ma'am did y'all just have to work all the time did you ever have the chance to play much 548: Uh-uh {NW} We had house work to do and field work to Us three girls did We didn't have enough time to play uh-uh We had to take care At least ten mules And Hogs And two cows {NS} And uh Uh Well {NS} Chickens and I can't Nothing else if I remember {NW} But We just Had to take care of all of them and Step daddy didn't have to do nothing Interviewer: Hmm I guess you got pretty tired at the end of the day 548: I mean Uh we'd all Pick our cotton And then we'd get ready to go Pick Out by the hundred And One place we we had to walk Five miles to work To pick cotton in them days Which you couldn't I couldn't do it now nobody else wouldn't But them days we walked five miles from standing there when daylight would come to go picking cotton Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh So we'd uh Way out by a match When we quit to go home Okay we walked home and the time we got home then And um And cooked supper and ate And Got into bed it was way late then And Oh I wasn't but about No more than seven or eight years old myself And but Um I was supposed to get up and wash dishes that morning My sisters cooked One milked the cow and one cooked and I washed dishes And I was about seven or eight years old Man I took that I couldn't take it One morning {NW} One morning they got me up to wash dishes When they got up to cook breakfast And I just could not hold my eyes open {NW} I crawled under the table under the couch and I mean under the bench and went to sleep And my sister went on to cook the breakfast she wouldn't wake me up They'd call breakfast and boy when my step daddy would come in I really got it I didn't crawl under that bench and go to sleep no more {NW} Interviewer: He didn't care for that huh 548: Uh-uh I'll tell you too though nowadays it's so much different than it was then Interviewer: We don't have to do as much hard work as you had to 548: Nobody I know of around here Me and my sisters We was just raised by a step papa and he didn't care Interviewer: Where was your place was it out um a ways from Greenville 548: No this was back up around road going through And uh So then my husband worked over at Chicago mill Interviewer: Worked where 548: Chicago mill over here Interviewer: What's that 548: Where they make crates to put Jeeps in and different thing It's right over here Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: On eleventh And um So he got Sick to where he couldn't work on a public job And so he said uh Well he said we can move out to the country and about With the children helping us you know why maybe we could make a living Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: So we moved down here way side {B} place And uh so we stayed down there about twelve years And uh So the biggest part of the time he was sick And me and the children we we'd hope For three dollars a day to give us something to eat Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you remember how old you were when you moved down there 548: Not how old I was uh-uh Interviewer: Were you a little girl 548: Oh no a matter of fact I had some Was Married and had children Interviewer: Oh oh I see 548: And um So uh I I was talking about my husband worked over here you know Interviewer: Oh I see yeah 548: And he got sick Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And we moved from there down to west side Interviewer: I see yeah 548: And uh I don't {NS} Don't remember much else Interviewer: Um when you were growing up out in the country did you ever go into town much 548: No We didn't know what it was to go to town Or get a Piece of candy and I got one pair of shoes In my life before I married Interviewer: Hmm 548: That's right One pair I'll never forget it Interviewer: Where did you get those 548: I was living in Ruleville then We was out on the farm And my Papa Step daddy thought you know we was going to start to church and that's how come he gave me a pair of shoes Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Got us all a pair of shoes And uh So I I got to go to church one time And so he didn't go back to church We didn't either if he didn't go we didn't go Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Oh no Interviewer: Do you remember how old you were when you got those shoes 548: Nine or ten I think And that was the first pair I know I ever had in my life Interviewer: So were were you uh were you born in around Ruleville that part of the country 548: Uh-uh I told you when I was talking to you I was born in uh Silver pines in the hills Interviewer: Silver pines 548: But I was took away from there when I was two years old I didn't know no more about it Nothing but Mississippi Ruleville and Drew well I say Mississippi if you know where it's at Interviewer: Ruleville 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: So y'all when you were about two y'all went to Ruleville 548: Mm-hmm And Drew and Moorhead Morgan City In fact So when Uh we lived way out in the country Out from {X} And I'll tell you man things got so hard out there we couldn't even get something to eat Well we wound up Um We moved to uh Greenville but the meanwhile it had been several days We hadn't had anything to eat but parts of corn Interviewer: Oh 548: And that wasn't that wasn't way back you know You know that was after I married {NW} After we got to Greenville we made we made it pretty good Interviewer: About how old were you when you moved here to Greenville 548: {NS} Oh I wasn't over Thirty something I I had one child Well I had three when I moved to Greenville Two of them was dead And So I had three children while I've been here I was about Thirty something Interviewer: Yes ma'am {X} I mean were they all boys or 548: Five boys and two girls Interviewer: So what happened to the ones that died 548: Well One of them we lived way back in the country And Way back in them days Seemed like a Well people didn't know nothing about no doctors didn't Really didn't care enough about no doctor Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh {NS} So If if you lived on a man's place you had to be dying before he would get you a doctor Interviewer: Oh 548: You know you didn't have no money now Not Not if you lived {NW} Out making a farm {X} Crop on somebody else's farm Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh So this here baby taking sick And we was picking cotton And its grandma was keeping it And she says I give this baby a piece of bread and um It was trying to eat it Left some blood on the bread Interviewer: Hmm 548: Said you ought to take it to take a doctor Well so we We couldn't carry it to no doctor really never Never thought really We just went on back to the field And um {NS} That evening sure enough it takes sick Interviewer: Hmm 548: Real sick Well our boss man carried it to the doctor And So he'd had done taken a lockjaw Interviewer: Oh 548: It was tonsillitis and uh lockjaw And uh So the other Who was born in twenty-six died in twenty-seven Of It it taken colitis And it died in twenty-seven you know during that overflow Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: So anyway I've got five living Interviewer: Do they live around here 548: I have two sons you know lives here in town Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And I have a daughter that lives in {X} Morgan City Louisiana And a daughter that lives in Dayton Texas And a S- And a son that lives in uh Dallas Texas Interviewer: Hmm do you ever get to see them do they ever come down here much 548: Uh-uh Not much {X} Interviewer: What do your sons do for a living 548: Well the one in Dallas Texas he's got a A car bike shop And he's the oldest boy Of mine He worked here at a plant now what plant I don't know But the baby boy he works on the boat on the river Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Uh that's That's what my boys doing Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Of course the girls they don't work Got a house full of young ones Interviewer: Right yeah right did did you ever uh have a job in something or were you a housewife most of your life 548: I was a housewife All but working in the field {NS} Interviewer: So everybody had to work in the field 548: {X} Everybody {NS} I'd go up to the field when they did After I married I'd go up to the field when they did And then I'd come to the house when they did And I didn't have time to cook you know But I'd just make me a skillet of Meal Thick and brown I don't know what you ever saw any or not Interviewer: What's that like 548: {NW} Well Interviewer: #1 You said it's # 548: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Thick and brown 548: Yeah Interviewer: Tell me about that 548: You putting that on the record Interviewer: It's okay 548: {NW} Interviewer: Doesn't matter 548: {NW} Anyway I I'd come in I didn't have time to cook so anyway I'd uh Just put me on a skillet A little grease in it Brown me some meat on in that you're making bread I know you know that Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Brown me some meal in there And uh When it got good and brown Um Pour me some water in there and it would be good and thick Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Good and thick and cook me a pan of bread that's what we had Go up to the field when they did Interviewer: Is that uh you said that's called thickening {D: bread} 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Did you ever make much uh bread made out of corn meal 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: How'd you make that 548: Well I'd always get the kind that's Already seasoned you know And uh So I just Put a little milk in it or water Stir it up and a little grease Put it in the stove and bake it And So That that's what we had to do Interviewer: Did you make that in a skillet too 548: Cornbread Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Uh-uh I make it up in a bowl you know and then Get my skillet good and hot I generally sprinkle me a little meat all around the bottom of the skillet won't stick Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: If you brown that meal first And uh So then Pour it out of my bowl over in that hot skillet set in the stove Cook it Interviewer: Is that the same thing as corn pone 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Is that what you call it 548: It's the same thing Uh-huh Only I just Put mine in the skillet you know Just Quickest way to get it done Interviewer: Right {NW} Did they did they call it corn pone or a pone of corn or what 548: Uh-uh Cornbread's all I ever called it Interviewer: Just cornbread I see 548: {uh uh-huh Interviewer: Have you ever called of any kind of corn bread called a {D: hoecake} 548: Cooked a many of one Interviewer: {NW} Could you tell me how you did that and they look like 548: Well I just Stir my meal up in a Bowl you know my Like I was going to make corn bread But I get my skillet hot And I put just a little bit in that skillet Enough for Wasn't so thick you know {NW} And then when it cooked on that side I'd {NW} Stick my knife under the edge of it and stick And put my plate under That a way Then I'd turn my whole cake over this way Slip my plate under the bottom And then grease the skillet Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And then turn the whole cake over back in the skillet {NS} I cooked a many of them I love them too Interviewer: Yes ma'am did you put anything on them when you ate them 548: Eat it with you know just With greens or anything I was eating I generally put a right smart grease in mine make it taste good Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: My hoecakes {NW} Interviewer: Right did did people when they cooked greens ever cook a little cornbread along with them 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: What'd they do that for 548: Well they They just Cooked greens in the pot and they cooked the corn bread in the stove You know like I was telling you Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Make it up and cook it in the stove I always do want cornbread bread with my greens Interviewer: Yes ma'am but you didn't cook the cornbread #1 In with the greens # 548: #2 With the greens # Uh-uh Interviewer: Didn't do that 548: Uh-uh {NS} I've heared of it but I ain't never done it Interviewer: Yes ma'am did you ever cook anything along with the greens 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Did you ever 548: Piece of meat I love meat in greens That's all Interviewer: What kind of meat is that 548: Just old salt meat {NS} Plain old salt meat Baked but I don't like eating greens Interviewer: You don't 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Why not 548: I don't know somehow it ain't got the same taste Interviewer: {NW} 548: Not to me Interviewer: Yes ma'am the salt meat gives it a better flavor 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Have you ever made potlicker how'd you 548: What I call it Is uh what I call potlicker is just You know soup of uh Greens or for beans you know The soup {X} Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Now that's what I call a potlicker Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But I do love a tub of cornbread Interviewer: Right it's pretty good did you ever hear of people back in the old days making cornbread in the fireplace or cooking any kind of bread in the fireplace 548: Yeah I heard my Mother-in-law talking about that {NW} She had an old Big old skillet with eggs on it And a lid And uh She'd uh make her her bread up and put it in that big old skillet But she cooked it in the fireplace And she'd get her some coals you know and put on that Top of that skillet Shoot that cooked good bread Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I saw her cook some after we was married {NW} She still had the skillet so she cooked some in the fireplace {D: that time too} Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: {X} Interviewer: And that thing had legs on it 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: How many did it have 548: Oh it was a big old skillet And it was just about that deep Interviewer: About three or four inches 548: Yeah Just about that deep Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh So it had legs on it about that long Interviewer: About two inches 548: Three Interviewer: Three 548: I I mean three legs about that long And then a good heavy lid on it It just Better than cooking it in the oven didn't take near as long Interviewer: Hmm 548: And So I saw her cook bread and then One Several times Interviewer: Yes ma'am have you ever heard of a skillet like that called a spider 548: No Interviewer: It was just a skillet 548: Honestly I don't know what it was but I All I know was a skillet that's what she cooked in Interviewer: Looked like a skillet yes ma'am I see did you ever hear of any kind of uh cornbread these round things you know got onions in them 548: Muffins Interviewer: Right how'd you make those 548: Well now the truth I ain't ever made them Interviewer: Oh you haven't I see 548: I ain't really ever taken the time to do that I Make a skillet of bread and go on Don't want to have a skillet Interviewer: Yes ma'am when you make that is that uh pretty thick in the middle 548: Yeah used to be But now it'd just be one uh-uh But now if I cook a If I cook cornbread now I wrap it up in uh Uh this here cellophane paper you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And Put the nice box and eat off of it two or three days you say um Soup or potlicker or whatever you want to call it you know I warm up my stove And put it over my cornbread and it's just as good as it ever was Interviewer: Yes ma'am what kind of things do you like to eat 548: Well I I don't know too much about it {NS} Now for breakfast I like uh Sausage and eggs Grits And for lunch Um I ain't supposed to eat no dry beans nothing like that Interviewer: Why 548: High blood and And uh Hernia and First one thing and then the But I'm not supposed to Eat no dried beans so I I mostly make soup or Sometimes I Buy me Some Chicken that's already cooked or Or fry me a piece or two of chicken or Fry me some squashes or you know first one thing then the other might be Interviewer: Yes ma'am what other kind of vegetables besides squash do you like 548: Well I like tomatoes I like tomatoes and And uh Green butter beans I eat them I love them too Onions I like lots of onions {NS} Interviewer: My grandmother does too she likes to eat a slice of raw onion with her lunch 548: Yeah but I can't {NW} I've got teeth but I can't wear them Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: That They ain't never been fixed right Interviewer: But they don't fit 548: Uh-uh They don't fit Interviewer: Hmm 548: So Anyway I can't wear them But I was I was Thirty years old When all of my teeth was pulled Interviewer: Hmm 548: And I haven't had any teeth since Interviewer: Is that right 548: And I had me some made on Medicaid Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And on Medicaid uh In Texas They don't do that here But they will in Texas Interviewer: Hmm 548: You know In Texas They made me some but I couldn't wear them Interviewer: Hmm 548: Seems like they're too Deep you know My my gums don't even pinch it My gums Top of the gums around my teeth here Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They just Cut along along that up there that's too deep {NS} Well Interviewer: So you like squash and onions and butter beans any other kind of beans you like 548: Well Yes I like pinto beans but they've got to be cooked you know Pour water on Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Whenever they boil a little bit that water begins to turn black Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And then you drain it off And put a little butter in it Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And they won't hurt me I love them too Interviewer: Mm-hmm did you ever buy yourself a a a lot of beans or butter beans and have to sit down and you know 548: Pick pick the rocks out Interviewer: Right 548: {NW} Yes sir lots of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Lots of them Interviewer: You had to get them out of the pot you had to 548: Hmm Interviewer: Those butter beans you had to get them out of the pot 548: Oh oh yeah Shell beans Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: We called Yeah We had uh We had to shell out green beans Peas or whatever we'd get We had to shell them Interviewer: Does that does that take very long to shell them 548: Uh-uh No It don't take long {X} About uh Seven years ago I had taken sick And I already I'm making a mess out of that Interviewer: No this is okay go ahead what was the matter with you 548: Well I went to a Doctor Doctor Hurst and he didn't know what was the matter with me Well I was just Just like I was in a bed of ants Interviewer: Hmm 548: Oh I was just stinging all over And uh So I went to {NW} Uh {B} Skin specialist Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: He was supposed to know But no He didn't know what was the matter with me Okay He wound up sending me to the psychiatrist Interviewer: Oh 548: {NW} When I got there I didn't know where I was going Uh he just called this man made an appointment well I went on {NW} And I sat down and just looked him at so funny I know I did he looked funny to me And uh I said well what kind of doctor are you anyhow He said psychiatrist {NW} man That got me {NW} And uh Just think now that skin specialist done that Interviewer: Hmm 548: Okay Well I went to {B} And he told me it was black heads Interviewer: Uh-huh 548: And it was all over me then Interviewer: Hmm 548: And uh So Well I went to nearly every doctor the biggest part of it None of them didn't know what it was Interviewer: Hmm 548: So I went to one doctor he says Well you've got the itch Well I didn't have that either {NW} So okay I went to Texas to my daughters hoping I'd find a doctor could do something for me Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Well I went out there To One of them big sure enough one of them big clinics you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh Where you send people from hundreds of miles in there you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I went in there and they they didn't know They put me in the hospital twice {D: they never could tell} Well fine I'll just give up said well I'll just go back home So I come back to Greenville {NW} Went to doc {B} And man I was covered in skin cancers Interviewer: Oh 548: And that's what it was Interviewer: Hmm 548: And uh So I told him about uh This doctor {B} Sending me to the psychiatrist He just laughed And he looked at my arms he says I don't think a Psychi- Str- -trist will do that any good Interviewer: No {NW} 548: And he had to burn them off Interviewer: Ugh 548: Man he burned them off and burned them off One time he burnt thirty off across my shoulders back there Interviewer: Ew 548: I mean And my neck I was just like I was worse than I was {X} But now then I'm just about to get well Interviewer: Well that's good I'm glad to hear that 548: Finally found a doctor that knows what he's doing Interviewer: How long did they give you pain before you got it taken care of 548: Oh it was about Between six and seven years Interviewer: Oh 548: Man they just {D: light me up telling people I'm crazy} Interviewer: They hurt all the time 548: Just itches yeah Uh I don't know just go to itching you know and you go scratching and just itching {NW} And maybe Oh I'd uh I put everything on it rubbing alcohol and everything else made It just flattened down a little bit and then in a little bit it'd start again But I couldn't sleep at all at night Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But I never got nothing done for me until I got back over here to doctor {B} And that's the one doctor I didn't go to before I left here I didn't go to him I went to the other skin specialist {B} Didn't work though Interviewer: Do you still go see him every now and then 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Well I can't see any trace of that stuff on you 548: {NW} No Interviewer: Okay 548: There's some Hard not too long Interviewer: Oh yeah 548: Hard not to scratch too much Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh Little Little spots all All over me Interviewer: Oh yeah 548: And all I mean Bumps and bumps all all over me it was worse than they are out here Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And the doctor that was caused by me being out in the hot sun when I was young Interviewer: Is that right 548: That's what he said Interviewer: Well I'll be I'm glad you got that taken care of 548: Yes sir And I had a bunch of them taken off around my neck I know you can see them Interviewer: I see 548: Not fading Interviewer: Yes ma'am I know that must have been painful 548: {NW} Wasn't no sleep for me at night day or the night neither Interviewer: You were talking about uh raising cotton what uh could you tell me about what you did when you raised cotton 548: Well I I didn't know too much about what What they did way back then Back yonder or now Interviewer: Back yonder 548: Well I didn't do anything but break it up and Plow the ground good and then plant it Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And then hold it And plow But Nowadays they don't have to even hold it Nowadays they just Got some stuff they put in the dirt you know For the planting Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And then they don't They don't hoe it now Interviewer: I didn't know that 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Sounds like an improvement 548: It is Them back yonder them days you couldn't keep it hoed to save your life It would just keep growing all the time The grass and weeds and vines {NW} But nowadays you don't even have to hoe it uh at all Interviewer: What kind of grass did you have trouble with huckleberries or something like that 548: Yes Back in them days you did but not now Because they They don't grow on that land nowadays you put that Stuff in that dirt you know before you plant it Huckleberries and everything Nothing don't come up in there no kind of Watergrass or nothing And they dropped the They dropped the cotton about this far apart The seed About that far apart Interviewer: About two or three feet 548: Mm-hmm And They'd just just come up just like that and dropped it you know and There ain't no weeds no grass You just go in there and plow And then when they get ready they go in there in one of these mechanical pickers and pick Interviewer: Yes ma'am do you ever have to chop cotton 548: Oh of course Many a day Interviewer: Tell me what you did what what you had to do when you chopped cotton 548: Well During that time I I was talking about making that gravy during that time is when it was chopping time Uh For three dollars a day To feed my family And I don't know you just {NW} Uh you cut the Them Them days they just Sold the cotton picked And you go through and chop that cotton You've got to hoe {X} Chop it out a hoe's width apart And Chop that cotton out and all that grass and weeds out from around the cotton And then somebody else comes along and plows Interviewer: Is that the same thing as thinning it thinning it thinning the cotton out 548: Yeah thin the cotton out yeah Interviewer: Is that the same thing as chopping it 548: Well No you Well it is the same thing because you just Thin the cotton and cut the grass and all at the same time that That's how I went in and chopped me two it don't make no difference Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see you were talking about an overflow uh that y'all had what was that exactly 548: Well that was in twenty-seven Um We lived down here near the Memphis City Then Interviewer: Down near where 548: Near Memphis City Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: That And uh So we had to leave home on account of Man water got Got way on up in our house We had to leave home And uh I went out to my Sister's She lived up in Drew Drew Mississippi Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh We went out down there to stay until the water went down And uh My brother in law told my husband says uh You just come on and help me in the field says if y'all need any doctor any medicine I'll get it Well my husband went on went to work For him And I already was sick had Typhoid fever or something Interviewer: Oh 548: And uh So I couldn't tend to my baby It was just crawling And it crawled over that floor and And just Nobody to tend to it and it just cried all the time not {NW} I couldn't even pick it up and put it on the bed much less something else And there was a lady Just married A young Girl And she comes down there and she says uh What about me taking the baby down to my house And says I'll clean it up and And I'll Feed it its dinner and give it its nap {X} And I'll bring it back I said okay So she carried the baby on down to her house And uh And so she fed the baby When Come {NW} She got it to sleep {NW} When the baby woke up I reckoned she thought She was doing the baby a favor She took it out to the dewberry vines Had dewberries man you've never seen {X} Dewberries And she picked them things and fed them to that baby and it had four teeth Interviewer: Oh 548: And he was swallowing them whole Interviewer: Hmm 548: And So That night he had taken colitis Interviewer: Hmm 548: And that's what killed the baby Interviewer: Oh 548: That brother in law of mine didn't ever get me a bottle of medicine A doctor or nothing Interviewer: Hmm were there any doctors around there 548: No You see we missed We went on out there but we had uh Just come on out of Town there Of sunflower With the rest of the people that come out of the water I would have had a doctor you see But I didn't Uh I went on to my sister's I would have not done it but I did Would have invited her to come on out with the rest of them I'd have had a doctor Interviewer: Yes ma'am kind of rough back then wasn't it 548: {NW} And just think Just Now How much the Interviewer: Hear people talk about the good old days they really don't know what they were talking about I guess weren't always so good 548: {X} Well We didn't know in them days it was so hard though We didn't know the difference We just thought it was normal we didn't know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But of course nowadays we know the difference Interviewer: How big of rooms were there in the house that you grew up in 548: {NS} Well I moved in so many houses I don't know Interviewer: What about the one that you lived did you live in one longer than the others when you were growing up 548: Yeah I believe uh I believe we lived at uh Drew longer than than we did anywhere else We lived on {B} Lane I I It was a big four room house uh Interviewer: Was it shotgun 548: Uh-uh Big four room house Shotgun's a three Three room house you know Interviewer: So 548: Straight through Interviewer: Oh I see what were the different rooms that you had in it 548: Well we had a A Kitchen Dining room And two bedrooms That's what we had Interviewer: So you say you moved around a pretty good bit when you were growing up 548: Seemed like uh I don't know nearly every year we had uh Go through that same thing of cleaning the Uh place to make a crop You know different places Interviewer: What uh what county are we in right now 548: {B} {X} Still in Mississippi is all I know Interviewer: Is this Washington County 548: This Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: It is I reckon Uh-huh Interviewer: Is that is that what they call it have you ever heard it called that before Washington ever heard it called that 548: I really don't know Interviewer: How old did you say you told me on the phone yesterday you were 548: Sixty-nine Interviewer: Do you go to a church around here 548: Uh-huh Little Pentecostal church down here on eighty-two Interviewer: Do you go pretty often 548: Yes sir I go every time somebody wants to come and get me Interviewer: Oh {NW} 548: I haven't got any way to go Interviewer: Oh I see 548: My children they don't go to church Any they wouldn't carry me You know they won't come and get me and carry me Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They don't go Interviewer: But do you have a friend of yours who comes and takes you 548: {NW} No so when I get to go uh The preacher up there him or his wife the one that comes and gets me That's the only way I get to go Course they'll come when I call them Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They'll always send somebody Interviewer: Have you always gone to a pentecostal church 548: Yeah When there's one you know close enough I can get to it {X} Interviewer: Do you enjoy going to church 548: Mm-hmm Sure do Interviewer: Did you do a lot of singing or 548: I try to Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 548: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Right uh do very many people go there 548: Well no not not too many it's a new church And there ain't too many going out there now They They have a good time Interviewer: Yes ma'am do they get new members every now and then 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Is there anything that you have to do when you become a member of the church out there 548: Not down there That kind of That kind of Pentecostal down there Uh They don't go by no church books or nothing you know Because when you When you Baptize and get the holy ghost then that that's it They don't have a church book Because they say that church book's going to burn up anyway And So they just don't have no church books Interviewer: Is there anything that happens during the church service when somebody becomes a member or anything 548: No Uh Interviewer: They they don't go down in front or 548: Yeah they they go to the altar and pray yeah But sometime sometime they don't even go to the altar and pray they They get the holy ghost without going up you know In the audience they just Get the singing you know They get the holy ghost But they don't They don't keep no record or nothing uh-uh Interviewer: You were saying that you didn't get a chance to go to school very much when you were growing up do you remember going to school at all 548: Mm-hmm One little place I remember And we went to school on {B} Place {NW} Just Just a few days {B} Place Interviewer: And that was all you went to school just a few days 548: Uh-huh Never did even get out of the first grade Interviewer: What is the what is the first grade 548: Well You know you start in the primary And then the next the first three Interviewer: After the primary 548: Yes {NS} Interviewer: Was this when you were living around Rueville 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 Or Drew # 548: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Around Rueville 548: Mm-hmm Yeah I had studied yeah that was it {NS} Interviewer: In the primary did they teach you how to read in the primary 548: Uh-huh Teach you to read They don't teach much though I know you You went through the primary yourself Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: It don't teach you much Interviewer: What were you supposed to learn as a first grader 548: Well mostly how to Interviewer: Arithmetic stuff like that 548: I don't think so Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: {X} I don't remember Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Uh what kind of tables Did they work back Multiplication tables Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Something like that Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh Read {NS} And Sort of Figure a little not much Interviewer: Did you have a a man or woman teacher 548: Woman Interviewer: Was it a a one room school house or 548: Yeah Just one little old Room sitting off {X} Interviewer: How many children were there during school do you remember 548: Well there was A good bunch of children there And you know them days what we carried for lunch Interviewer: What was that 548: {NW} We wouldn't eat with the rest of the children But some of them carried Just about what we did but we wouldn't eat With them {NS} We carried turnip greens and corn bread Or milk and bread or Just Whatever we could get that's what we had Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: When we got to go to school Uh Interviewer: Why wouldn't you eat with the rest of the kids 548: Didn't want them to see what we had {NW} What we had to eat Interviewer: Nothing wrong with that it's just regular food 548: Yeah I know it is But you know You didn't find very many eating that kind of food uh Interviewer: What would they eat 548: I don't know we'd be off in one place #1 And they'd be # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 548: At another Interviewer: Uh-huh I see 548: And Mister {D: Pebbles} His kids Grand kids They'd always go home and eat dinner Interviewer: Hmm 548: They always had good dinner Interviewer: This was the man who owned the place 548: Mm-hmm We was living with him Interviewer: I see have you ever been out of Mississippi 548: Yeah I've been Interviewer: Well you said you were in Texas 548: Mm-hmm I went to Texas that time Interviewer: And that was to visit uh your son 548: Uh-huh And daughter Interviewer: Have you ever been any place besides Texas 548: Uh-uh I was always scared to get out and travel by myself Interviewer: Is that right 548: Mm-hmm Hmm If I wasn't scared to I'd just I'd be gone half the time you know just go to my Sons and my daughters you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: On the bus Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But I don't know I'm just afraid I can't make it If I get on the bus Interviewer: Did you did you ever learn how to drive 548: Mm-mm Never learned how to drive none of that But when my husband died Uh we had bought a little old Volkswagen If I could uh drove If I could have drove it wouldn't have done me no good my children that are done away with it anyway They done away with my Volkswagen Interviewer: {D: Yeah} 548: {NS} So Me and my husband was baptized the same day {NS} Over here in the blue hole Do you know where it is Interviewer: No ma'am I just got in town the other #1 Day # 548: #2 That # That's the place that's over there that you think it ain't no got no bottom in it Interviewer: Is that right 548: That's right Interviewer: What it's just along the river 548: Uh-huh And uh So There's places in it that ain't got no bottom in it they tell me But we was baptized that day And my husband He He had come out of the water I don't know whether you believe in holiness or not But But he used He lived a hol- good holiness life Uh Ten years And uh so we just Got back you know and quit going to church and So Anyway when He went back though me and him was baptized again that day And So he died Right there where he was baptized at Interviewer: Hmm 548: And So That's been about Seven Seven or eight years ago So he died right there on the Banks Interviewer: Hmm what is that holiness you said he lived a good holiness life what does that mean exactly 548: Well {NW} I don't know Some folks Believes in uh Going to church you know and just sitting there you know not saying nothing Not get up and testify you knowing or nothing And you may be one of them I don't know But anyway Um A woman's got a soul to save the same as man has And I and I think it's right that a woman should get up You know and speak How she feels towards the lord you know During service and And uh Just Get up and And talk Just like she feels Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But Now Baptist Methodist Well lots of churches you know they don't believe in that they believe in {NW} A woman sitting still not saying nothing But I still think a woman ought to have her say Because she She's got her soul to save too And uh So A holiness just You know they don't Go to Out they don't Drink they don't dip they don't smoke And They They just clean their life up completely You know and they just {NS} Live a clean life that's all I can tell you Interviewer: It's okay for a woman to testify and all that at the Pentecostal church 548: Mm-hmm Yes sir yeah And a woman gets up and preaches in a Pentecostal church #1 Too # Interviewer: #2 Is that right # 548: That's right Interviewer: I didn't know that 548: That's right Interviewer: Do you go up to where the preacher is or just stand up where you're sitting 548: Well When they give you a They give them all a chance to testify you can just stand where you're at and #1 Testify # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # 548: You don't stand Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And testify But down here where I go it's a woman preacher Interviewer: Oh 548: It's a woman preacher and a man preacher Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But But if you haven't ever been to one of them kind of churches I'd appreciate it that you'd go Interviewer: I went to one in Arkansas 548: You did Interviewer: The fellow I was talking to there they invited me to come 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: It was interesting 548: Well did you like it pretty good Interviewer: Uh it was I had never been to one like that before 548: It was just Sort of Odd but Interviewer: To me it was since I had never been #1 To a place like that before # 548: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # Well it's alright now because if if you live in that If you live the life you're going to live it clean Interviewer: Yes ma'am nothing wrong with that 548: No sir Interviewer: Uh have you ever been in any kind of uh club or anything like that any kind of uh well this six- sixty plus is that a club 548: Well I reckon it is But you don't join it you just Just the sixty plus like we go over there and eat dinner Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And sit just the sixty plus They go there and eat Well they have uh Golden age Clubs Well Um Some some of them goes over there Did I ain't hear They don't now I don't think And they go over there you know and play dominoes and of course one thing and another over there But I ain't hear from that and I don't think they do that now Interviewer: Do you ever play any games in the sixty plus club or any #1 Things like that # 548: #2 Uh-uh # Interviewer: Do you ever go on any trips or anything do they 548: No Interviewer: Have that kind of thing 548: Yeah they do have that kind of thing but I don't know they ain't never got around to me {X} Interviewer: Hmm 548: So I don't know Yeah they go off on trips Interviewer: How far away is this sixty plus thing where you eat 548: It's not Hmm It's not far at all You just Go Down Broadway you know where them red lights is down there Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: On eighty-two you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Well you go straight on across the road there And {X} Up a highway over yonder and turn that down it's just a Just a little piece down there Interviewer: I see 548: But But what I do here if uh Miss Pool over there you know they don't eat lunch over there they Interviewer: {X} 548: Uh-huh I imagine they will tomorrow Now for knowing I don't know but I imagine they will {NW} But it'd be mighty nice if you Walked in there She took a lot of older folks {X} Maybe they could tell you a lot more than I could Interviewer: Oh you're doing just fine I'm finding out just what I want to know from you 548: {NW} Interviewer: Was your uh your dad was a farmer then #1 I guess # 548: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: He was a farmer all of his life 548: Yeah mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you have do you think that he was uh he was brought up around uh seven times or around Rueville #1 Where you are now # 548: #2 Uh-uh # Interviewer: Do you know where he was from 548: I ought to know but I don't Interviewer: But you don't think it was around Rueville or that area 548: Uh-uh He he was born in the hill not around Silver Pines Interviewer: But you think he was a Mississippi man 548: Well Far as I know he was yeah Just say yeah that He was as far as I know Interviewer: But you say he was from the hill 548: I say he was born in the hill Interviewer: Born in the hill 548: Some part of hill Interviewer: And your mother I guess she helped out on the farm too 548: Mm-mm No sir Interviewer: Housewife 548: That's right Interviewer: Exactly how many uh children did your mother have 548: Well she didn't have but five Five by her first marriage I mean three by her first marriage And two by her last marriage Interviewer: I see oh that's right you say you had a step daddy how old were when your father died do you remember that 548: Two years old Interviewer: Just two uh was your mother do you think your mother was from the same part of the country your father was where she was born not sure about that did your do you think your your mother and father had a chance to go to school any 548: Mm-mm They didn't Interviewer: Didn't have a chance to go at all 548: Uh-uh Well they couldn't write Couldn't read and write Interviewer: I guess it was pretty hard back then to be able to go to school {X} 548: Or or either Well that's all all you could look forward to is farming Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Uh you know there was a few you know That could Do other things But {X} Folks uh didn't have much education all they could do was farm Interviewer: Yes ma'am yeah a lot of people I talked to said that you had so much work to do on the farm that uh just couldn't afford to go to school 548: Well that's the truth too That's the truth too And really You didn't have clothes to wear you went And really you were so far away from the school house you couldn't {NW} Probably couldn't walk that far so Interviewer: So that's a that was just a regular thing back then 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: The fact that people didn't go to school much just the way it was I guess 548: Yeah that's the way it was Interviewer: Did you ever did you ever know your grandparents did you ever see them 548: Well I I was small I remember seeing my grandfather Just seeing him and that's all Interviewer: Was that your on your father's side 548: Mm-hmm On my father's side Interviewer: Did you know anything at all about him 548: No Interviewer: Like where he was from or anything like that 548: No lord I didn't know Interviewer: {NW} 548: I was quite small Interviewer: Yes ma'am I guess he was a farmer too 548: Yeah mm-hmm Yeah he was a farmer Interviewer: Did you ever meet your grandmother 548: On my mother's side I did Interviewer: Did she live uh close to where you are on the farm 548: No Uh I I I really don't know where she Was born nothing like that Only thing I remember is uh She picked cotton with us children Interviewer: #1 Is that right # 548: #2 When we were # Little And that's all I remember about her Interviewer: She was probably a housewife though 548: That's all she ever was was a housewife Interviewer: And you don't know anything about her husband #1 Your granpda # 548: #2 Uh-uh # Interviewer: On your mother's side 548: He was dead already Before we Interviewer: Did you ever hear your mother talk about uh times when she was growing up 548: Not too much Interviewer: You say uh your husband died about seven years ago 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: How old was he when he died 548: He was about I don't know exactly but he was Seventy I'll say seventy-three {NS} Interviewer: {NW} Ah let's see you were telling me about your husband and you say he was a he was a member of this Pentecostal 548: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Church too # Do you know anything about his schooling 548: {NS} He didn't have any Interviewer: Didn't have any schooling 548: Mm-mm Interviewer: Was he was he able to read and write 548: No all he could He could figure and keep up his cotton weights and such as that you know Just figure just a little bit that's all Interviewer: And you say he worked well was he the one who worked at this mill 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Was he in any kind of uh church group or any other kind of club or anything like that 548: Uh-uh Sure Interviewer: Was he from around here is this where he was brought up 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: In Greenville 548: No not in Greenville uh Around Rueville and through up in there And I lived in Rueville when he met me Interviewer: Is that right how did y'all meet 548: Well My s- My step-daddy wouldn't Wouldn't let no Boys come Around Around to see us girls And he went to the gin with a bale of cotton And my husband Uncle Brought This My {NS} This boy to my house While he my Step-daddy was going to the gin And uh so oh we talked a little bit you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But I mean my Husband's uncle He went back by the gin and told him says I I carried the old sacks yonder to see your daughter While you was gone So Of course my step-daddy didn't say nothing to him he waited until he got to me And So he He says that boy ain't coming back here no more And Says if he does then you're going to talk in the same room where I am I says I ain't going to talk to him And uh So anyway My step-daddy take him to You know before But we had our date Set But before he had come back to talk to me my Step-daddy had hematuria And he was shut up over there in one room he couldn't get out You know he was in such a bad shape Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Well he was He was dead inside for two days after he had taken hematuria Well he had come back My husband {NS} Come back and talk to me that That time And uh You know we just the whole house was only So anyway We he asked me to marry him the second time he had come Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: So I told him yeah And my step-daddy done told me Um If uh After he had taken sick he told me said well If you want to marry that boy you marry him since it's your bed if you make it hard you're the one you got to lay down on it Interviewer: Hmm 548: And uh But he wouldn't give up when he got sick And when he got sick and He told me I could go ahead and marry him Interviewer: You say he got hematuria what 548: Hematuria Interviewer: Hematuria what what what's wrong with you 548: Kidneys just turns to blood Interviewer: Ugh 548: Just blood and doctors can't do nothing about it Interviewer: Goodness bad 548: And he had hematuria seven times Interviewer: Whew pretty rough 548: Yeah Your blood will be gone and you That's it Interviewer: Did you get along with your step-daddy very much 548: Yeah I knowed to get along with him I know not to back Talk him uh-uh Interviewer: Did you like him didn't like him too much 548: I was scared of him Interviewer: Did he give you spankings a lot or 548: He didn't spank none of us I'll tell you Uh When he when he would woo he'd get a buggy switch Or a {X} Interviewer: Hmm 548: Maybe you know what that is I don't know Interviewer: That sounds like it probably hurt 548: Uh-huh Man he cut the blood every time he hit you Interviewer: Hmm 548: We was scared of him So I don't know Interviewer: Yeah that's pretty 548: Well Before he died Before he died uh he had a chill He had chills about two weeks And went on picking cotton every day and had three sixes In that pot Interviewer: Had three what 548: Sixes A medicine Interviewer: Oh 548: For he For chills Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And every once in a while he'd just open his bottle and take him a Swallow of that you know No time of day of course you're supposed to take it right And That day he had a chill on him and He'd come into the Stove where I was cooking dinner We went in for dinner And He was sitting there watching me and He said Claire Bell if I asked you something will you tell me the truth I ain't going to whoop you Well I knew when he said that he wasn't going to whoop me And he says I ain't I ain't going to say Say the rest of it not on that thing But anyhow He He says ain't you girls said lots of times you big enough you'd kill that old And I I said I said yes sir we sure have We says we was big enough we'd just kill you and get you head off Interviewer: Hmm 548: Then he began to try to Um Explain things So I I couldn't see No good in what he was talking about So I never gave my apologies to him But he laid corpse in two days Interviewer: Is that right 548: That's right Always have felt bad though I should made apologies Interviewer: Well that's just the way it goes 548: But if it ain't from your heart well it ain't no good anyway Interviewer: Yes ma'am that's true {NW} Uh talking about your house what about uh the room that people used when they had company you know 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: What did they call that 548: Back in them wasn't nothing like that #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 What # 548: Course there was a front room where you went in but generally they had beds in that front room And in the middle room Because if you got a three room house and you had a You know there was four or five of you you had to have beds anyhow Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They didn't they didn't keep a room just like we do now uh-uh {NS} Interviewer: What would you call a room like that nowadays 548: {NS} Nowadays Interviewer: Yes ma'am say the best room in the house 548: I don't know what they called it back in them days Interviewer: What about now 548: What about now Interviewer: Call it the living 548: The living room I reckon Interviewer: Do you ever hear people call it the parlor 548: {NS} Yeah I sure have #1 Since you said that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Does that mean the same thing 548: Mm-hmm I hear them call it that Interviewer: What 548: Parlor living room or Different things I Like I told you starting there's so many things I done forgot Interviewer: That's okay have you ever been in a house that had a real high ceiling 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Kind of old-fashioned house 548: Yeah And you'll freeze to death in that house #1 during the winter time # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Is that right 548: You bet Takes so much heat you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: To go up to that Fill that room Now this in here won't be hard to keep Interviewer: About how high are these ceilings here 548: Uh I don't know They ain't high though Interviewer: You reckon they're about ten uh 548: I imagine about ten foot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Now for knowing I don't know Interviewer: That looks about right I don't imagine you have any trouble keeping this place heated do you 548: I don't imagine I will Interviewer: Oh that's right you haven't been in here 548: {NW} Interviewer: In cold weather 548: {NW} Interviewer: That's right yeah 548: We see that uh They pay their They pay the water And the gas here anyhow And I pay the electric {X} Interviewer: I see where'd you live before you moved over here 548: Eight nineteen south of {X} Right over there Three room Shotgun outfit Interviewer: Mm 548: Just three room Interviewer: Yes ma'am they had uh had you been trying to get in over here for a while 548: Mm-hmm yeah You have to Sign up and wait a good long while Finally when they get you on into it then you can get it Interviewer: Back when you were growing up did y'all use a fireplace 548: Sure did Interviewer: Could you tell me about how you built a fire in one of those things 548: Well Yeah I made a mini one {NW} But in the evening I'd always pick up {NS} Get me kindling Little Little limbs or kindling little stuff that's easy to light Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh So I tried we tried to keep a little coal oil And put a little coal oil on that kindling And uh Put our wood on the fire and then set Set the kindling on fire you know and then That's all we'd have a fire Interviewer: Did you burn big pieces of 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Wood 548: Yeah Called back sticks great big Sticks about that big around you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And lay that in the back of a Fireplace over there And then put littler wood in the front That would throw the heat out now Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Oil Them things good too Interviewer: Right 548: I still like a fireplace Interviewer: I do too would those back sticks burn all night 548: Yeah Probably be part of it there in the morning Interviewer: Hmm 548: Still have some fodder Start my fire with Interviewer: Yes ma'am was there anything inside the fireplace that you laid those back sticks on 548: Mm-hmm We called them fire dogs Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And Anyway it {NS} I guess you've seen them Interviewer: I haven't seen too many of them what did yours look like 548: Well it's a Big old tall piece of iron It's heavy And then Uh Down here It'd spark that way and it stands up on the And then there's a Piece of iron runs out from that back To the back of the fireplace And you lay your wood on that Not lay it down flat then it wouldn't burn anyway Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Lay your wood on {NS} We called them fire dogs I don't know what they are Interviewer: Yeah I've heard them called that was there a open area right in front of the fireplace 548: Uh-huh down under the wood Interviewer: Did that have a name 548: No I was just talking about the wood that's up here you know it's open down under there Interviewer: Oh 548: Where you Put your kindling and stuff #1 Set the # Interviewer: #2 Right # 548: Fire Interviewer: I was thinking maybe that there was an open place right in front of the fireplace 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Called the hearth or hearth 548: There was a hearth down there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: There was bricks A a brick place you know around in front of the fireplace to where You know the floor won't catch fire Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see was there a place right over the fireplace where you could put pictures or stuff like that 548: A mantle That's what we called it a mantle Interviewer: Yes ma'am when you burned a lot of wood in your fireplace that stuff that's left after it's burned down 548: Ash Interviewer: What color were those usually 548: Well sometimes it was Black Or just Corner of the kind of wood you'd burn Interviewer: I see you know when you burn a lot of wood in a fireplace do you get this black stuff inside 548: Smut {NW} Yeah But uh Um We used to slack our water I burned hickory wood If we could get hickory wood We would burn that Uh Wood and then Put the ashes in the flower sack And uh Drop it in the barrel fill up with old pumped water And it would slack that water For us to wash our clothes in Interviewer: Oh 548: That old nasty pump water you couldn't wash your clothes in And we always had to slack it But Just put them ash in the sack and drop it down that barrel Fill it full of water shoot we got some good wash water {NW} Interviewer: When you say you slacked the water 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: What did what did that do to it 548: I don't know what they just old hard water you know and it just Well you wouldn't get your clothes clean Interviewer: Hmm 548: And Interviewer: Would those ashes help out 548: Uh-huh I don't reckon you even know what pump water is do you Interviewer: No not really I sure don't {NW} 548: Well it ain't good I don't like it But But anyway why We had to slack before we washed Interviewer: Some people have told me that that smut can catch fire have you heard that 548: Yes It can Burn the chimney out and boy that Fire will go way up there Interviewer: You ever seen that happen 548: Uh-huh yeah And uh And so I've always heard to go Throw salt in fire you know when your chimney catches fire And the dampness of that salt you know will put it out Interviewer: Huh 548: And we've done that many a time too Interviewer: It works 548: Yeah it worked uh-huh Interviewer: That's interesting I haven't heard of that before 548: It did though Just Go get you a big handful of salt and pour it in the fire And sometime I'll do my chimney sweeps and burns {X} In the chimney Boy I mean when You know whenever you start making a fire in winter time They have to go Interviewer: {NW} I guess they do what about {NW} {NS} This thing right here what would you call this 548: Couch Interviewer: Ever heard it call it by any other name 548: No Interviewer: What about sofa 548: {NW} I reckon so Interviewer: Call it that would that be the same thing 548: Yes It would answer for the same thing Interviewer: For what 548: It it would answer for the same thing yeah But I just always called it a couch Interviewer: But you've heard that other word used 548: Sofa uh-huh It's both the same thing though Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: It's got to be Interviewer: What about what you're sitting in what would you call that 548: A chair is all I know Interviewer: Were there when when you were growing up did y'all have a couch in the house 548: Uh-uh Might have had Three or four little straight chairs like this Interviewer: You mentioned I think uh a bench in your house where was that 548: Bench Interviewer: #1 Right # 548: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Whereabouts was that 548: Well that was on uh Mister Pebbles' place Uh Yeah Top My step-daddy and I made a Bench To go down one side of the table For us children to eat On the bench And I was so small I had to set a bucket on the bench and me sit on the bucket To be high enough to eat Interviewer: Is that right 548: Yes Yeah We we had a bench in the house biggest part of the time Around the table Interviewer: Did you have anything in your bedroom that you didn't have anywhere else in the house like where you kept your clothes 548: No There wasn't no closets them days to hang them in neither Um Um #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Where # Where'd you hang your clothes 548: Just hung them on the wall Interviewer: Just had to hang them on the wall 548: Yeah Put a nail on the wall Interviewer: What would you call that thing right there with drawers 548: I just call it a nightstand Interviewer: Would it have drawers in it where you put clothes in 548: Mm-hmm But it's in the wrong place it belongs in {NW} Interviewer: Do you have a thing with drawers that's got a mirror on it 548: Mm-mm Hadn't got a dresser Now a dresser belongs with this but I didn't get the dresser Interviewer: Yes ma'am and you would call that a nightstand 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: It's got about four drawers to it 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: No mirror 548: Yep Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call something like that a chester drawer 548: Yep Interviewer: Is that the way they say it 548: Yes Chester drawers or either Nightstand I just call it anything Interviewer: Same thing 548: Yep Interviewer: Yeah we were you were talking about uh places where you would hang the clothes uh you know some people before they had closets in their house 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: They had these great big old things with doors that would have hanging space inside like it was a separate piece of furniture 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Have you ever seen anything like that 548: Yeah Yeah I've seen them but I I hadn't ever owned one Interviewer: Where did you see it 548: Oh I don't know Out In Other people's houses I saw some up there in the store too It's got a mirror Come comes all the way down there The Door Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And you open it and you hang your clothes in that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: You re- 548: We didn't have nothing like that back in them days Interviewer: {NW} 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Do you remember what they called those things a wardrobe or 548: Wardrobe I don't Interviewer: Okay um these things that you have over your window to keep the light out what would you call that 548: Drapes Curtains {NS} Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I just say curtains Interviewer: Yes ma'am have you ever had these things that are on rollers and the top is where you pull them down 548: Just uh shades #1 You know to pull that mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Right right # 548: {NS} I had some before I moved over here but after I moved here they won't fit these big windows Interviewer: Oh they won't 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Do you like those shades better or do you prefer these curtains 548: Well being up on the Seventh floor I just prefer the curtains I like plenty of light Interviewer: Yeah I do too 548: {NW} Interviewer: Don't like dark houses 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Uh did you uh have this all of this at your other house 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Just moved it over here 548: Mm-hmm Well when I had come back from Texas I I didn't have anything to go to housekeeping on not one thing And uh So in the house The woman had to go had to move Because she stayed drunk all the time Interviewer: Oh 548: And they made her move And uh So I went in In there and uh I ask her About About buying her ice box and stove And she was going to sell it for a hundred dollars for both of them But uh she had done sold it But she said uh she'd sell me that couch The chair And uh Bed stand and springs for ten dollars So I give her ten dollars and there's where I got that at Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: You know I just pick up a piece here and a piece yonder wherever I can get it you know like that Until I've got enough I can get by Interviewer: Do they have a store in town where you could buy chairs or couches or 548: Oh yeah There's plenty of places you can buy them but I didn't have money to buy new ones Interviewer: What what kind of store would that be 548: Furniture store Interviewer: They have those downtown 548: Mm-hmm Yeah Interviewer: {X} Furniture's pretty expensive nowadays 548: Yeah Interviewer: Out of sight 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Just like everything else 548: Yep Well So anyway that that's the way I got what I got in my house just Buying it Picking it up that way a piece or two at a time right out of there Interviewer: Yes ma'am is the house where you were living before you came over here was there a up above right underneath the top of the house you know some houses have a place that people use for storing things in #1 Do you know of anything like that # 548: #2 Uh-uh # Uh-uh Uh-uh sure would Interviewer: Have you ever seen a house like that 548: No don't think so Not that I remember anyway Interviewer: Didn't have an attic or anything like that is that what you would call it 548: Yep That's what I would call it but they that didn't They just Just three rooms Straight through and that was all Just an old Cheap apartment that's what it was Interviewer: But you've heard of a place 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Called a what was that 548: Attic Interviewer: Yes ma'am and that was right underneath the 548: Where the uh {X} Comes down Uh Over the edge of the house there Is that the attic Interviewer: Yes ma'am it's right underneath the roof 548: But Yeah there Well there there's bound to have been a place A attic there Where bird spills around the edge of the house Interviewer: Yes ma'am right um talking about the roof of a house you know some houses right on the edge of the roof they've got these things that'll carry off rain water 548: Yeah Interviewer: Do you know what people call those 548: Uh-uh I never did know Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called a gutter 548: Uh-uh I've seen them but that's all Interviewer: But didn't have any particular name for them 548: Uh-uh I've seen them yeah that that's good they're good too Carry all the rain water down in your barrel where you wash too Interviewer: Right right people used to have barrels to catch that rain water 548: Uh-huh To wash with Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see yeah you know on some houses the house has different slopes to the roof 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Have you ever a place where two different slopes come together kind of like this 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Have you ever heard of that place where they come together called anything in particular 548: No Interviewer: Like a valley or anything like that 548: No Interviewer: Uh-huh 548: But but I've I've seen in places where that water Hits the ground And just washes a big hole in the ground Interviewer: Right 548: I've seen a place Interviewer: Mm-hmm be nice if you had a barrel there to catch it 548: Yeah Be nice if you did Interviewer: {NW} Sure would uh-huh yeah uh around here some of these old houses have you ever seen them where the kitchen was built away from the main part of the house 548: Yeah uh-huh Interviewer: Whereabouts have you seen that 548: I saw one uh Last Friday We went to A picnic Sixty plus Uh gave us a picnic But we went way back way down {X} Or down through yonder And uh On the way out to this place wherever it We went to to have a picnic we passed one up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That house that's sitting here In that little old Kitchen I always called it was sitting right off out here Well there was just a little Walkway between the house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Kitchen Interviewer: Reckon why they had it that way 548: Don't know Well it used to be alright but I I wouldn't like it now There's too much mess going on I wouldn't want to go up in that house in the kitchen before daylight Interviewer: Really 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: You got a lot of meetings going on here in Greenville 548: Good lord me Interviewer: {NW} 548: They'll kill you for a dollar Interviewer: Really I didn't think Greenville was big enough for that 548: They will too Right right here lately Interviewer: Huh 548: Been here lately They they beat one poor nigger to death and went out to the Garbage Well Would have been Big things like that to put garbage in Interviewer: Oh it was a big green 548: #1 Out out # Interviewer: #2 Thing # 548: Edge of the country Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And he went out there to empty the garbage and somebody knocked him in the head Thought he'd just got to check you know Interviewer: Oh 548: Knocked him in the head and got About thirty cents off of him Interviewer: Hmm 548: When he paid his Bills you see he didn't have no money Interviewer: Didn't kill him did it 548: Yeah they killed Interviewer: Oh really 548: And uh So I I heard of another one here in town They killed him and got two dollars off of him Interviewer: Oh hmm 548: Man this place is rotten Interviewer: Was it another colored person that killed him 548: Yeah They killed {X} Both both of them Yeah they was colored people But white people around here that's a bad bunch anyhow too Interviewer: Is that right do they uh is there anything open in downtown after night or where do they where do they hang out these people just all over 548: Yeah Uh Oh there's all kind of old drinking places and Juke joints and things like that There's all kinds of places for them to hang out Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I don't do it I stay in the house {NW} Interviewer: I don't blame you well what would you call a little room right off the kitchen where you might store extra dishes or canned goods stuff like that have you ever heard of a place like that 548: Cupboard Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Is that it Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a pantry 548: Yeah Uh-huh Same thing Interviewer: Has a separate room or is it just like a cabinet 548: Oh it's a Something like a cabinet Mm-hmm Interviewer: But you can call it either a cupboard or 548: Pantry Interviewer: Same thing I see 548: Yeah mm-hmm Interviewer: What about you know some people have a lot of things that they really don't need maybe like a broken down chair or something like that 548: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 That they # Just don't want to get rid of it 548: Yeah Interviewer: What would they say they've got they've got a whole lot of my house is just full of 548: I'd say junk Interviewer: Uh-huh 548: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 548: What would you say Interviewer: Same thing just junk have you ever heard of people that had a separate room in the house where they kept all their junk and stuff like that 548: Uh-huh Always called it the junk room Interviewer: {NW} Have you ever had one of those 548: Mm-hmm Because uh You know uh Several times I've had lots of Stuff that the Children would Didn't need They wanted me to keep it for them or they'd buy them a trailer or something and then I'd wind up with all their junk Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 548: #2 And I # Have to pile it back had to take it somewhere to take care of Interviewer: Yes ma'am when when you uh you were married and your children were still at home 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: What did you do every morning after you got up out of bed 548: Well first thing I done when I got up I cooked my husband's breakfast and got him off to work Then I'd get the children off to school And uh So I had one boy was sick James That was my baby boy Oh I was out in the yard washing on an old Rub board And tin tub Out in the yard I guess you know what that is Interviewer: Uh 548: Boiling my clothes in an old black pot Interviewer: {NW} I've never seen that done 548: And uh So A rub board Interviewer: Uh-uh 548: You haven't s- Interviewer: I've seen one I haven't seen anybody use it though I think I saw one in uh #1 {NW} # 548: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Did you did you use that rub board while you were washing them 548: Uh-huh Uh you wet You wet your clothes you know And then you Rub them on that rub board And then when you get through you put over here into your pot and boil Interviewer: Hmm 548: Big old big old black pot Interviewer: Yeah what was the rub board supposed to do to it 548: Get the dirt out of the clothes Interviewer: Oh oh those things those ridges #1 Were supposed to knock the dirt out # 548: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # Yeah Supposed to get the dirt out And uh So I was out there washing and I left Raymond my oldest Son in there to take care of of the younger one while I washed I heard a big commotion in the house and when I got in the house {NW} James was laying on the floor didn't know nothing But Raymond had him up on the bed with a Box over his head running around and around on the bed And James fell off Off the bed Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: He knocked a A nerve Come right down this way And it went back to his kidney main nerve went to his kidney he knocked it Uh loose Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh {NS} So He didn't know nothing I carried him to the doctor They couldn't do nothing for him But Oh just just looked like he was going to die anyhow And he So I I just Done all I could for him but And then get to having those Convulsions Interviewer: Hmm 548: And uh So Carried him to the doctor and he said He said it was uh Uh But an- But anyway I can't think just now But it's kind of Epileptic That's what it was Epileptic but it wasn't it was causing that nerve And it kept getting worse and kept getting worse and then he {NS} Just got to where he just stayed on the ground just waving his eyes Up in the top of the house And just having one convulsion right behind the other Interviewer: Hmm 548: Well the doctors couldn't do nothing about it And uh so my One of my daughters was born she's three days old And I carried her I mean my neighbor had come in And she says why didn't you carry this baby to the chiropractor I said well I don't know nothing about no chiropractor She said well get up and get your dress on I got up And she carried me to the chiropractor And he They got a Little board with a thing with a hole in it And they laid him down and stuck his Nose through that hole And uh So he was Drawn off His eyes all rolled back you know And I mean just just {X} Interviewer: Hmm 548: And uh He got out and run and played and Hollered and jumped all over that place Interviewer: Is that right 548: And uh I'll tell you if if a nerve ever gets wrong that's the only thing that'll do it Is a chiropractor Interviewer: Hmm 548: And uh So he I said well doctor what do you think about it Do you think he can handle it he says me and the lord too can And So It had taken him two years To wear that off Interviewer: Hmm 548: You know and get that nerve back in place where it would stay And Probably I'd have He'd take one of them spells and I'd have to Carry him up there by the time I get home then another was ready Interviewer: Oh 548: Look up this or either look down that way and that would pull that thing out again Interviewer: Hmm 548: And So I'd call Doctor Irving and here he comes And So he jumped up one night and Put on his uh Robe and And house shoes And was heading for my place You know I called him if the boy had uh Had one of them spell Not one but one right behind the other And my husband Uh he he had a bunch in there you know praying for him When the doctor come in And the doctor just But the doctor What I started to say though the law stopped him and For speeding Made him pay a Fine before he got there Interviewer: Hmm 548: But when we got there he knelt in the door and he said his prayer And he went on around to the bed where that boy was And he And he He just Cocked His head you now he just {NS} Snatched him around that way {NW} Looked like he Looked like he pulled his head that far off his shoulders Interviewer: Hmm 548: You know he was that nervous fast Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But he knowed how far to pull it And {NS} And so James just opened his eyes and went to talking Interviewer: Hmm 548: He's alright Long as you can keep But it's taken that man two years to {X} Well I'll tell you He says well I've got to go away for Two weeks I'm going to get married I said uh-uh He says why I says I might need you before you get back and nobody else won't do Interviewer: Hmm 548: And he said oh you guys don't need me I says I don't know He says bring him in Friday for a check-up I carried him in Friday And He laid him up there again on that little old table thing Put him to sleep Just just that quick you know just one little nerve that'll put you to sleep I don't know where it is And So he he just walked the floor and I know he was praying And he walked the floor and prayed and walked the floor and prayed And I got scared I said Said to myself I said well I said lord if he's If he's going to die let him die easy You know I told God I need him But directly he just went back there and woke him up like that James got crawling up just like You know he'd been asleep And He He took a bottle of oil Just like a Holiness people Anoints people and prays for them And he anointed that boy from the Top of his head bottom of his feet Interviewer: Hmm 548: And from that day to this he didn't have another one Interviewer: Is that right that's amazing 548: And he was our chiropractor He don't give medicine He ain't allowed to give a shot or nothing But he just works up and down levels with the spine Interviewer: Have you ever been to one yourself 548: Uh-huh They make you feel good Interviewer: What kind of trouble did you have 548: Well I I had headaches Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And uh A lot And And uh So he I called him out to one of my sons he had pneumonia he didn't know nothing But he can doctor anything but I I didn't think he could but I called him out there and And He just give Carter enough Adjustment You know worked up and down them leaders around Jerked his head way off of his shoulders and you could hear his neck when it'd pop you know Interviewer: Hmm 548: And So Carter just laid there like he was dead he didn't know nothing And So Directly he The doctor got up and give him another adjustment Carter just opened his eyes and went to talking just like he always did Interviewer: Hmm 548: He had so much fever he didn't know nothing Boy I mean he cooled that doctor cooled his fever right now Interviewer: Hmm 548: Didn't give him nothing neither Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Just done it with his hands Interviewer: That's interesting the way they can do that I've never been to one 548: Well I'll tell you right now there's There's things gets wrong with you like that they're really good To For Slipped disc or anything They'll put it back in place Where any of these other doctors are going to cut on you Interviewer: Okay a lot of them like to do that 548: Uh-huh He ain't allowed to do nothing but use his fingers Up and down and then up Uh {D: bleeders} Interviewer: Hmm 548: Nerves and things Interviewer: Yes ma'am talking about what you did uh during the day did you how often did you have to you know sweep up the dust and that kind of thing did you do that every day or just 548: No Not everyday But uh now we didn't work on the field in the field on Saturday We We toted water And scrubbed The house from one end to the other Uh You know uh We'd get an old hoe and uh Twist us a You know what a crocker sack is Interviewer: Sure do 548: And double it about four times and get us a piece of water And fasten it around the hole And that's what we scrubbed that floor with Interviewer: That was a mop that was a mop 548: And it sure cleaned that floor too Interviewer: I bet it did 548: {NW} Interviewer: You know when you were cleaning a house did you ever get these this stuff that would gather in corners and your ceilings and you'd have to get a broom and get it out 548: I don't remember I don't think so though Interviewer: It looks kind of like this stuff that spiders make you know 548: Spider web Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: No I don't Don't remember I guess we did but I don't Don't think Interviewer: So you used this hoe with a crocker sack tied around what did if you were going to just sweep what did you use 548: Oh we we had {X} Well Sometime we used a straw you know There is a straw that you can cut and make a broom But it's not good like these Now But But uh generally we had just an old Straw broom Interviewer: Whole thing was made out of straw 548: Uh-huh Oh it grows up about that high {NS} And I guess you've seen it I don't know whether you know what it is or not Interviewer: Uh let's see is that is it called broom sage or something like that sage broom I'm not sure 548: It might be I But straw is all I would Call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: So anyway when we cut it Make us a broom out of it Just a big wad of it you know and tied it with a spring good and tight you know Sweep for that And fresh brooms to Sweep the yard off with Interviewer: What kind 548: Fresh Interviewer: Oh yeah 548: Broom Just get you a a bush bushy Something you know and Fresh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Leaves and things off your yard Interviewer: Yeah back then were there certain chores that you did on certain days of the week like on Mondays you always did something in particular 548: No Interviewer: Like with all your dirty clothes 548: Well It's just Well yeah if uh There's days that I had to go to field or days I didn't Uh But uh You talking about way back yonder Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Well No Uh That had to be on rainy days Or either on Saturday That we done our washing and And uh Scrubbing the floor and you know {NS} switches out Because we had all that other work to do and go to the field So We had to do our washing on Saturday Interviewer: I see there wasn't any particular day when you did your a lot of cooking or 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Or anything like that 548: Back in them days there wasn't a lot of cooking done We cooked three meals a day alright just Such as it was yeah Whatever we'd get our hands on what we cooked Interviewer: The house that you used to live in before you came over here did that have a place right in front of it where you might sit and rock or something like that 548: Had had a little old Supposed to be porch wasn't no bigger than that chair there Interviewer: Oh 548: Just comes right out in front of the door So wasn't big enough {NW} Interviewer: {D: Bet you guys turned around all the time} 548: Uh-uh You couldn't put a chair out {X} Interviewer: Hmm 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: People used to have big long porches didn't they 548: Yes they did But them little old things Well they're right over here right in front of this church if you go back by that way then you can see From this side of the road right in front of that white church over there Just Wasn't wasn't no bigger than that chair Interviewer: Hmm 548: You just walk up the steps on that thing you go in the door Interviewer: Doesn't give you a lot of room does it {NW} 548: {NW} Interviewer: What did people used to call those long porches 548: Gallery {NW} Gallery Interviewer: Oh yeah do you ever hear people call it that anymore 548: Huh They call it a porch now But they used to call it a gallery Interviewer: Do you want to go sit down on the gallery 548: {NW} Yeah Uh-huh Interviewer: Did the house that you uh grew up in did that have a gallery 548: Uh-huh It had a good long porch Interviewer: Hmm do you ever see any houses around here that have a porch on an upper story on the outside 548: Uh-huh Well not right around here but Yeah I've seen them near the lake Interviewer: That still would just be called a porch 548: Uh-huh I guess it would You know now upstairs you know Interviewer: Right 548: Where it comes out upstairs and you sit Uh Up there Yeah I I saw one here the other day but it wasn't Here it was Between {X} And somewhere Interviewer: You know some of these houses are made out of boards these {D: green} Houses on the outside of those borders kind of lap over each other like that you know 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything in particular boards that do that kind of overlap each other 548: Are you talking about the roof Interviewer: Well not the roof but the side of the house the side you know 548: I've seen them Interviewer: {X} 548: I've seen them but I don't know what they are Interviewer: Uh have you ever heard people call them weather boarding or clap boarding something like that 548: I believe I've heard them called weather boarding Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I believe that's what I heard them call it Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see okay 548: Back way back yonder nowadays wasn't nothing like that though you could chuck a chuck a cat out the crack {NW} Interviewer: That's a pretty good sized crack 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Hmm I imagine that was kind of rough in cold weather right 548: You you know I don't think so Uh we we didn't know no different Uh But you know back in them days we was Wasn't sick all the time And and I believe that That's one reason Because we got plenty of fresh air Interviewer: {NW} You were air conditioned before they had them 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: {X} 548: I believe that's one thing that Caused us not to be sickly back in them days There's so many more cancers and everything nowadays than what there was back in them days Interviewer: Yeah I know what you mean maybe it has something to do you know people eat all this junk food nowadays that might have something to do with it I don't know 548: I I believe one thing it's uh Poison You know that they're using nowadays Interviewer: You mean on crops 548: Uh-huh That That's one thing and then they put it on your garden too And then they get it in your dirt where you plant your garden And then they The meat you eat They give it something to blow it up Hogs or Or {X} Or whatever they're going to kill to sell They'll give it something to blow that meat up you know Before they kill it Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And That Just such a mess as that I believe that's what What is doing it A big portion of it Interviewer: Did you ever keep a garden 548: Uh-huh Down here wayside Where where I we lived twelve years my husband got to where he couldn't work Yeah I kept a good garden down there And Hoed and picked cotton out there and it'd Come a- Come across for that old poison and just cover us Interviewer: Hmm 548: And uh Interviewer: This on the plain 548: Yeah And then they'd come Come up with the come out there to knock the leaves off of the cotton you know where we pick the cotton We'd be already out there picking cotton and they'd {X} With that stuff {NW} But I Sometime I believe that's the cause of these skin cancers Interviewer: Oh yeah yeah could be 548: But the doctor says it's because of Sunshine Interviewer: Hmm 548: But I still don't believe it Everybody would have Interviewer: Would have it that bad as you did 548: But well they ain't bad out here They're really bad under On across my shoulders back of my neck Have been But they're about gone now Interviewer: What did when you had a garden what'd you usually grow in it 548: Cabbage Onions Tomatoes Okra Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Pepper Interviewer: You like okras 548: Oh boy I love it Interviewer: {NW} Because some people don't like to eat that unless it's fried 548: I love it boiled in beans Interviewer: I do too 548: I love okra any way you fix it Interviewer: Did you ever grow these little tomatoes that don't get much bigger 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Yeah 548: Oh boy that makes the best soup Interviewer: What do you call those little 548: Tommy toes Interviewer: Yeah 548: That's what I always called them Interviewer: Yes ma'am I heard that before 548: {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever uh what would you put in uh I guess you made a lot of vegetable soup 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: What would what would you put in a good vegetable soup 548: Well as I always heard everything but the dish rag {NW} Uh I put beans Tomatoes And cabbage And And uh Part of Pepper you know if it ain't too hot Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh Corn {NS} Well everything in the garden English peas anything I can get out of my garden And then a chunk of meat And boil it all up and make a pot of soup Interviewer: Sounds pretty good yeah 548: I would eat a bowl of that right now Interviewer: Right 548: And be be sure and put A whole lot of okra in there Interviewer: Yeah 548: Boy I love that okra in there too Interviewer: Did you ever grow these little onions that had the long stalk to them 548: These little white onions that makes these big bunches Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: What were they called was it just green onions or 548: Nesting onions I believe Interviewer: What now 548: Nest Nesting onions I always hear them called Interviewer: I see 548: And uh And shell oats Interviewer: Yeah 548: That's another different kind of onion Interviewer: Does that have a stalk to it 548: Uh-huh Blades And stalk But they're red These others we were talking about is white Interviewer: I see 548: White you know And the top falls over in that little white little white uh Little white onions on the bottom Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They multiply just lots of them under there Interviewer: They pretty good to eat 548: Yeah oh man they're good Interviewer: {NW} Did you ever try to grow any kinds of melons in your garden 548: Yeah One time I did Didn't do me no good though Um Down at wayside I had uh Old Salem Hills watermelon But didn't do any good there so people got to coming in there At night getting them I never did get none Interviewer: Oh hmm do people around here grow any other kind of melons besides watermelon 548: Well Um cantaloupes or mush melons I guess anybody's that got room would I know I would Interviewer: Is are cantaloupes and mush mellows are they different 548: Mm-hmm Cantaloupe to You know small But some mush mellows get that long Interviewer: Oh about foot and a half 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Is one any sweeter than the other taste any better 548: I believe I'd rather have a Cantaloupe Interviewer: Yeah my grandmother liked to have a slice of cantaloupe every now and then for breakfast 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: I never got in the habit of eating 548: Some folks call them breakfast melts But I call it cantaloupe Interviewer: Yeah 548: They're a little round melt Interviewer: Are those the ones that are orange inside or green or 548: Yeah they're green uh-huh Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see what about potatoes have you ever grown potatoes 548: Yeah {NS} Yeah I growed uh Ash potatoes and then green potatoes I mean uh Sweet potatoes I ain't ever had no luck with them {NS} Interviewer: Ever heard of people around here calling sweet potatoes anything else what about yams 548: I have heared that somewhere {NW} Oh me Interviewer: Is that the way they said it 548: Yam Yellow yam Interviewer: Uh-huh same thing as a sweet potato 548: Yeah Interviewer: You like sweet potatoes 548: Yeah Interviewer: I never could eat those things 548: Oh boy I do Interviewer: {NW} Oops did I knock something down 548: Uh-uh Now there's some of your papers Interviewer: I don't think anything's under there I just heard something slip I don't know what it was 548: I see {NS} Here's the paper that wasn't no good Interviewer: Uh-huh thank you uh on uh you know some houses out in the country there might be a a little building back of the 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Where you might keep stove wood or tools or something like that what would you call a little building like that 548: Utility house Interviewer: Yes ma'am sure would a utility house be the same thing as a shed 548: Yeah it would Mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you have one of those 548: Uh-uh Uh-uh I haven't ever had one Interviewer: But you would call it a 548: Utility house Interviewer: Or a 548: Or junk house if I was going to keep wood in there Interviewer: Nice 548: {NW} Interviewer: You know used to before people had indoor plumbing 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Was there a place outside where they had the toilet 548: Yes sir Some places they didn't even have a toilet #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Is that right # 548: That's right Had to hunt the woods {NW} Interviewer: What did they call the place like that if they had a little building 548: I reckon you'd still call it a toilet I guess Far as I know Interviewer: What about outhouse 548: {NW} That'd make it too yeah Interviewer: Called have you heard it that 548: Yeah I said I've said that to Yeah It don't matter it's all the same Interviewer: All the same thing true could you say that for me just to get a record of it since you have heard it 548: Outhouse Interviewer: Yes ma'am right some of them 548: House Interviewer: Uh have you ever heard of people calling them a one-holer or a two-holer or anything like that 548: One-holer or a two-holer no Interviewer: Haven't heard that or what about a privy 548: No Interviewer: Haven't heard that 548: No Interviewer: Okay just outhouse or toilet 548: #1 Or out in the woods # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 548: #1 Like you said # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 548: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 548: That's all I know Interviewer: Did y'all have an outdoor toilet when you were growing up 548: Uh-huh Down at the wayside too Interviewer: {X} 548: Down at wayside Interviewer: How far away was that 548: Oh it's about nine miles down above here Before we left there they had They had them toilets in the house Plumbing and all And a shower The government made them Made them put them in there Interviewer: Yes ma'am I haven't been I can remember going being in one of those outdoor toilets 548: Yeah Interviewer: When I visited some of my grandmother's relatives out of town they lived on a farm that's what they had 548: Well we had one down yonder And an old bachelor lived down the yard {B} And when he He went out there {NW} One night And uh So Right on the edge of leather you know and it Leather It's all growed up Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Lots of snakes out there Interviewer: Hmm 548: And And so He he went out there and uh I I don't know but he {X} Right into a snake Before he Got in there But after got in there he found out there was one Down down under there you know Interviewer: Hmm 548: Shoot you couldn't get him to go back in that thing at night Interviewer: I guess so 548: He's crazy I wouldn't go in there the first time not at night Interviewer: What kind of snake do you reckon it was 548: But there's lots of king snakes in there I saw them I wouldn't hurt one of them for nothing Interviewer: Why not 548: They won't bite you Interviewer: They're not they won't hurt you or anything 548: Uh-uh They'll run from you You you can pick at them they won't bite you Interviewer: What kind of snakes do you have around here or did you have 548: Down there we had uh Rattlesnakes {X} And uh Well they tell me wherever there's rattlesnakes there's {X} Too but there I know there was down there And king snakes and Cottonmouth moccasins any kind you wanted was down there Interviewer: That's enough to satisfy most people I imagine those moccasins if they bite you they'll 548: Now they're poison The rattlesnake either {X} But there ain't but one that I know of that won't bite you That's the king snake Interviewer: Have you ever heard anything kind of unusual about a king snake 548: Yeah Only thing I I heared them use it Uh You can put them in your barn If you had one And uh they'll keep the rats and things caught of your Crib And uh So uh If if they haven't bite you they ain't going to hurt you And they'll kill every poison snake that comes around there Interviewer: I've heard that that's that's 548: They'll do that Uh They'll sure do it Uh My daughter over yonder Said they moved in a house And said there was A Black snake Uh Well it in the house There was two of them in the house Well one of them was after the other {NS} 548: {NS} About all I know Interviewer: Yeah you know a lot you know more than you think you do uh you were talking about the barn and the crib out on the farm what did you keep in the crib 548: Kept corn in the crib Potatoes in the crib And And kept a Hole cut to where the cats could go in and out there you know Catch the rats and {NS} Things and keep them out of the crib Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And I Reckon that's about it Interviewer: Was there any other place on the farm where you could store grain 548: No Interviewer: Have you ever heard people talk about a granary or grinery 548: Yeah But it wasn't It wasn't out there though You see now that's all people that raise it a lot of it you know can take it up town and put it any place But we didn't ever raise that much Interviewer: And they called it what 548: Granary Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see yeah what about the part of the barn where you kept the hay what was that 548: A stall That's what I called it Interviewer: Yes ma'am did they ever keep any hay upstairs in the upper part of the barn 548: Yeah they was upstairs that they did yeah But in the In a stall where they kept They'd uh fix a place all the way up to the top And they'd just put bales of hay piled on up to the top and then Mules and things would just stand around and nibble off that hay #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm was that upper part of the barn called anything in particular 548: What Where they Put the hay Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I thought about it a while ago Now I done forgot it Interviewer: A loft 548: No this is a loft up here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That's a stall Interviewer: Oh yeah 548: Over there Yeah they keep the hay up there with the mules They have to put it down over In the stall for the mule to eat Interviewer: I see what kind of animals would have on the farm besides mules 548: Well not much of nothing We used to have cows and mules and Hogs and Well that's all I reckon Interviewer: Did you ever have any riding animals 548: nuh-uh {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever ride anything when you were coming up 548: No {NW} We had a young mule there And oh we was {NS} All loved that mule Old Beck I'll never forget Uh We was Had gathered some corn had it laying on the porch just an armload of it And She'd come up to the porch Hadn't nobody never rode her she was a young mule Hadn't been broke And uh So I I was going to give her a ear of that corn And I come up to the edge of the porch On on the side of her Was handing her that ear of corn And when she reached that that ear of corn She reached back this way no and just knocked me clear right off that porch And I knowed not to hit the ground under her feet {NW} I grabbed her around the neck {NS} And that Mule run And and and me just just flock Interviewer: {NW} 548: And that mule run and she run and I I don't {NS} I I don't know how in the world my step daddy finally got me off that mule Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But I knowed not to hit that ground under that mule Interviewer: So she was taking off with you huh 548: She did too You finally caught her I don't know how he got me off from it Interviewer: Mm-hmm hmm 548: But I held on #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Right 548: You can get in some terrible places sometime Interviewer: But you didn't have a horse or anything like that 548: nuh-uh Nothing that you could ride Interviewer: Mm-hmm have you been ever been around a place where they raised them 548: nuh-uh Interviewer: I tried to get on one one time and I slipped right off the other side 548: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 548: Oh lord I never did try it Interviewer: Didn't have a saddle on him or anything you know 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Skin was real loose 548: Yeah uh-huh {NW} Interviewer: Talking about you say that you kept hogs on your farm 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: So what would you call a little one when it was 548: Pig Interviewer: Yeah did you call them anything different when they got bigger 548: No because all we raised them for was to kill Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Uh No uh Interviewer: You ever heard of one called a shoat 548: Shoat Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: That's middle-sized Interviewer: Middle-sized I see and when he's full grown you just call him a hog 548: You called him a sow or Anything you want to Interviewer: Sow is that a female 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Yeah I see what about a male 548: Well that's a boar Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: What about if a farmer didn't want didn't want his male hog to grow up to be a boar what would you what'd he do to him 548: I don't know with that pig he just Kept one in one pen and one in the other I don't know Interviewer: Would he like would he cut him or something like that 548: #1 Yeah you can # Interviewer: #2 Mark him # 548: Yes mm-hmm Interviewer: Is that what they said they were doing 548: Yes I've heared of them doing that yeah Interviewer: What do they call it 548: They They just cut them I don't know what they called them Interviewer: Yes ma'am what do they call a a hog that had been cut what was his name was it barrow or barrow or barred or something like that 548: A boar I guess Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That's what it was Boar Interviewer: Do you know some of these hogs have just stiff hair on their backs 548: Yeah Interviewer: What would you call those like bristle 548: Bristle Interviewer: Mm-hmm have you ever had to help clean the hog when you were killing it 548: Yeah Interviewer: What did you do about those bristles 548: Well What what You had to scald them good you know And then then if you Couldn't Couldn't sort of You got to scrape them with a knife and then if you don't get them off that way you have to singe Them off Interviewer: Have to do what 548: singe them off Interviewer: What is that 548: With fire Interviewer: Oh 548: With fire But uh That makes them bad can't do that Uh My my We always just put {NS} a toe sack Crocker sacks that you called over the hog you know two or three of them And then And then pour hot water over them And That stuff will just {NW} Scrape right on off Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And you scald them good Interviewer: Yes ma'am that kind of loosened it up 548: Yeah And then it'd just scrape off Interviewer: Have you ever seen of these bigger hogs that had these long teeth 548: Oh good lord yeah Interviewer: {NW} 548: They was wild hogs ain't they Interviewer: Yeah 548: I don't want them to get after me Interviewer: Have you ever seen one 548: No I seen them on TV But they Uh my sister went over here in Arkansas somewhere Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And with a bunch of people And They They go in packs you know bunches And uh you shoot one of them you better get gone because they're going to get you Interviewer: {NW} Pretty mean no 548: Yeah She said they'll kill you in a minute Interviewer: Hmm 548: But you shoot one then you got to Go back later and pick it up Interviewer: Uh-huh 548: Because you can't get it when you shoot it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: You better shoot it and get gone Interviewer: {NW} 548: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call those long things that a 548: Tusk Interviewer: Yes ma'am I bet you they could tear you up pretty good 548: Uh-huh I bet they could Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: A man wouldn't last but a few minutes Interviewer: Yeah sure wouldn't what about uh talking about the farm have you ever been on a farm where the farmer grows all the hay 548: No I don't believe so Interviewer: You know after they cut instead of baling it would they ever just take it and pile it up out in the field you ever seen them do that 548: Yeah they they cut and they wait to let it cure they called it before they'd bale it uh-huh Uh I saw my niece's husband doing that And then they'd go back and bale it up in bales Interviewer: You know you don't see too many of those stacks of hay around anymore around here is that what they used to in your day 548: Uh-huh Uh Yeah they used to I seen them put up just big old high poles You know And just stack Stack hay way up yonder Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Just loose hay you know Up there for In the Pasture or something for cows you know stand around and eat those Interviewer: Yes ma'am nowadays you see {X} 548: {NW} Interviewer: I've never seen it done 548: I haven't either Interviewer: It just looks like you took a rug and rolled it up 548: Uh-huh That's what it looked like Interviewer: Exactly where do people uh have you ever seen a place outside where they would uh store hay the bales some kind of shelter for it outside 548: I don't think I have Interviewer: Or have you ever heard of a farmer just sweeping up little piles of hay in the field 548: In the field Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Yeah that's I I I've seen them uh The south {X} Hay Uh I've seen big Fields of that And they go in and cut it and And And it lay there a few days and then they would Bale it up or Or Break it up and Haul it in like it is and let them eat it like it is Interviewer: Yes ma'am ever heard of anything called a wind rose 548: Wind rose Interviewer: Wind rose 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Uh say if you had some cows where would you keep them inside would there be a building you could keep your cows inside on a farm 548: No we didn't We kept ours in a lot With the hor- Well The mules and things was in the front the cows was in the back Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And come a terrible cloud one night we had two good milk cows {NS} And both of them had baby calves And uh So it had come up with a bad cloud that night and uh Lightning struck them two cows Interviewer: Oh 548: Killed them both Interviewer: Hmm 548: And the next morning I got we got a And I told my older sister I said well I ain't hear the The cows I hear the calves Just uh Going on out there you know they was hungry And So I went on out there To see about the cows and there was both of them laying there dead they was standing side to side they fell this away Their feet together this away Interviewer: Lean leaning against each other 548: Uh-huh And And milk just Spewing just like that Interviewer: Oh 548: Them poor little calves out they just bayed Interviewer: Hmm that's pretty bad 548: Had to drag them cows off and Our step daddy killed them calves Interviewer: Hmm do you ever have do y'all have bad weather around here ever bad storms 548: No not Uh Ice storm is about the worst storm we've had here Interviewer: Hmm 548: But we really had two bad ice storms Interviewer: I've never been in one of those 548: Man You just Just hear it just Just Just like stuff breaking in the air you know all the time Just like an old creaking chair you know or something like that Interviewer: Oh 548: You know it was it was the limbs that move on trees you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And Limbs just freeze and break off Just in piles and trees Fall they just get so heavy loaded they couldn't stand Interviewer: Hmm 548: Man we really have them through here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Two of them Interviewer: Yes ma'am you ever had any bad winds 548: No Not not no really bad ones Of course we thought we was going to have tornadoes several times but we didn't Interviewer: Hmm 548: We have got way down right in the edge of town but I've never it's never have come on up the town Interviewer: I've never been in one of those either don't care to be 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Would be pretty rough 548: I don't know but I hear people say that levy over there Protects this place a whole lot Interviewer: Probably does 548: You know Interviewer: Wouldn't break anything coming over 548: Mm-hmm {NW} We see a a storm Like that follows the water And of course when it leaves the water Probably hit that levy and it might knock it up and it go over us {NS} That's the only thing I can see Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But we sure ain't have no real bad one here Interviewer: You ever have any heavy rains around here 548: Yep We've had some Good heavy rains around here Going on up towards town there I've seen it where they couldn't even go down the street Nobody couldn't they'd have to Turn around and go back You know it Water would be so deep in the street they'd {D: kill} cars Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's what it did the other day you know when it rained the other day afternoon 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: The motel where I stayed at the parking lot was like that deep in water {NW} Had to get around it you'd soak to try and get through it 548: Hmm Uh Talking about Miss Sweet do you know her or did she #1 How do you ever get a hold # Interviewer: #2 No I just # Let's see A lady that I talked to down at the library Named Miss Miller knew Miss Sweet and told me to get in touch with her because she thought that she might know the type of person I was looking for so I just called her up and told I was looking for somebody who had been around here a long time 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And she suggested you no I never met Miss Sweet just talked to her on the phone 548: Mm-hmm Well I I didn't know of course nowadays you sort Interviewer: Oh sure sure 548: And uh So I call her this morning and asked her did she know anything about That man you know was calling me yesterday Interviewer: Uh-huh 548: She said no said he's since been arrested And uh Talking to somebody You know about that man said he call me back later And told me that he thought you know that I was the one that he was hunting Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And I said well Good then Interviewer: {NW} Yeah do people around here what would they what would you call the a good heavy rain uh you'd say you were having a 548: Generally say a wash out Interviewer: Wash out 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Would that be a lot of rain 548: That'd be a lot yes Interviewer: What would you call just a little bit I mean you could go outside just barely get wet 548: Sprinkle Interviewer: Yeah 548: {NW} Interviewer: Ever heard people say it's uh had a drizzle kind of a drizzle outside 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Would that be the same as sprinkle 548: Mm-hmm yeah Interviewer: And you called it a 548: A drizzle Interviewer: I see or maybe it's misting outside you ever heard of that 548: Yeah that'd be all the same thing Interviewer: #1 All the same thing # 548: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} Have you ever uh been riding along maybe in the morning and you come to a low place in the road and you get in this stuff you can hardly see through it 548: Fog Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Fog uh-huh That'll cause you to wreck Interviewer: Sure will do you have a lot of it around here much 548: Uh-uh Not that I know of Interviewer: What if you were in a lot of fog what kind of day would you say it was you'd say you're having a 548: Bad day Interviewer: Or a fog- 548: Foggy day Interviewer: Sure 548: {NW} Interviewer: Foggy day yeah yeah have around here do the farmers ever uh lose any crops because it hadn't rained for a long time 548: No They got stuff now they can put in that dirt it don't matter whether it rains or not That stuff will work just the same Interviewer: Wow 548: Still stay just as pretty as green Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would you say you're having if it hasn't rained for a few weeks 548: Drought Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That's what I would call it Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see {X} Is that would that like uh be the same as a dry spell 548: Uh-huh same thing Interviewer: Same thing I see I see you know you were talking about those cows that got struck by lightning uh have you ever heard a farmer call to his cows to get them to come to him 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Like he wanted them to come in from the pasture 548: Yeah Interviewer: What would he say #1 How would you call to them # 548: #2 {NW} # {NW} Soo cow Soo cow Interviewer: And they'd come in 548: Uh-huh they'd come in Interviewer: Did it take very long to get cows to figure out what you want 548: No not after you know Say you're a cow You can get them used to coming to you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But It'd take you a good little Take them a good while I imagine to get used to it I don't know Interviewer: Would you Would you say the same thing to a cat if you were calling him to come to you 548: Yes Uh Yes if you was going to call the cat but I ain't never called one because I don't think you can get them to do nothing #1 Nothing # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} You ever heard people say something like soo cat #1 Or something like that # 548: #2 Yeah # Yeah Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Yeah I've heard say soo cat but A cat won't I don't know Interviewer: Kind of temperamental 548: Huh Interviewer: What about if you were calling a hog 548: Piggy {NW} Interviewer: To get him to come to you 548: If you got a bucket of slop Interviewer: Right 548: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Why'd I even have to call #1 {X} # 548: #2 Uh-huh # No you You got a bucket of slop they'll come anyway {NS} Interviewer: What if you wanted to scatter them get them to 548: Soo wee Interviewer: Yeah {NW} Do you ever call the chickens 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: How'd you call them 548: Chicky Chicky chicky Interviewer: And they'd come to you 548: Yeah Interviewer: {X} 548: They know I have something for them to eat Interviewer: Would you say anything to scatter them 548: Mm-hmm {X} If I wanted to scatter them I'd say shoo Interviewer: Right have you ever heard of a farmer that he was plowing his mules would he say something to him to get them to turn 548: Yeah Gee Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Or haw Interviewer: Yeah which is which do you remember 548: Gee is right I believe Interviewer: That's right 548: And haw is left Interviewer: Uh-huh 548: I think Interviewer: Yes ma'am I think I've heard that too yeah ever heard anybody call to horses like if they wanted to get a horse's 548: No I don't think so Interviewer: {X} Well what about if you were riding the horse and you wanted to get him started 548: {NS} I say get up Interviewer: Uh-huh yeah 548: Get up and if they didn't get up I'd kick him on the heel #1 And he'd go # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Right what about uh to make him stop 548: Whoa Interviewer: Have you ever have you ever milked a cow 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Did you ever have to say anything to it to get him to hold still 548: Yes Yes Interviewer: What would you 548: Saw Interviewer: Saw 548: Saw Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm what about to move a leg back 548: I {X} Seems like I say uh Back yeah Uh push the Hip and say back up And She she would back up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But uh I don't know Interviewer: Did your did your brother teach you how to milk a cow 548: I done forgot who told me how But I used to milk Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah {NS} Uh-oh {NS} Yeah 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Get it cranked up 548: Sure did Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Let's see y'all didn't have anything like a cow barn on the farm where you kept the cow 548: Uh-uh Uh-uh we had to keep them staked out by the head You know chain around their horns and Just move them from place to place let them eat the grass Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah what's the head oh the head of the cow I see 548: The #1 Yeah the horns # Interviewer: #2 Keep them chained up # Yeah 548: Just hooked it around their horn Interviewer: Right I see {NS} What about your pigs where'd you keep them 548: Had to keep them in a little old pen {NS} And uh So we stacked the cows out one morning And we had to go back by the same place going to feed them Wasn't Just a few minutes We started back by before we had them tied and one of them had done fell And had stuck one of her horns in the ground {NW} And her head was Oh her neck was just almost broke when we got to her Interviewer: Hmm 548: And had to cut Had to Get her up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And Boy she liked to Broke her neck Interviewer: Hmm that's bad really do you you said you had a little pen for the hogs 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Did that have any cows sheltered to it 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Just over 548: And we'd get ready to stacking them we'd put them on a floored pen Uh you know sort of tight tighter pen And put a flooring in it And Feed them and boy they'd get so fat Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} 548: But as long as they're out you know where they can run around any at all they won't get fat Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see was there a place where you'd milk your cows 548: No In the You know Lot where we kept them Or in the cow pen if we didn't have them in the lot With the horses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: We'd always bring them up and water them and take them in there to milk Interviewer: Yes ma'am how often did you have to milk 548: Twice a day Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: In the morning and at night Interviewer: I see about how many cows did you say you kept 548: Two Interviewer: About how much milk would they produce 548: I don't know {NS} But Two or three gallons a day at least I I couldn't tell you for sure but Interviewer: Something like 548: Whole lot uh-huh Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see have there ever been any farms around here where they raised milk cows 548: Not that I know of Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Oh they got uh dairy farms Where they keep cows you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am got some of those around here 548: Yep I have I've seen them I see a gang of them every once in a while but I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Not really in town uh-uh Interviewer: Hmm what what did y'all do with your milk and butter in the days before you had a refrigerator 548: Well One thing One thing we {NS} Well we Had ice box You know about chunks of ice a big chunk of ice put in a little old box Refrigerator {X} {NS} Electric refrigerator is not And we'd keep it in there or either we'd Go Tow us up some water out of the pump cold water out of the pump And sit in it Help Keep it cool we'd Just done everything You know that we could Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But we had plenty of milk and butter You know and to give our friends and whoever wanted it Interviewer: Yes ma'am did you ever hear of people putting it down a well to keep it cool 548: Mm-hmm My sister lived in hills she did that And She'd She'd uh I know something Drop it down in that good cold water in that well Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: When she got ready to eat then she'd Go get it put it on the table Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: It'd be so good and cold Interviewer: {NW} I bet it was was there any special place where you put your potatoes and turnips during the winter 548: No we didn't have to put up no turnips Some people did but we didn't But you could do it yeah Uh We We uh dug potatoes a few times and We didn't have no corn in the crib we just scattered them out in the crib you know You pile them up they'll rot Interviewer: Yes ma'am but have you ever heard of people digging out a place where they put their potatoes or something like that 548: Mm Sweet potatoes No I Now for actual potatoes Um Yeah I seen them Dig out the place and put shovels all in there Or grass or something and then put the potatoes in there And then put grass over that and then cover it up with dirt Interviewer: What'd they call that place anything 548: A potato hill or a potato keel Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Hill I believe Interviewer: Yes ma'am what about um you were talking about working in a field like is a field the same thing as a patch 548: Mm-hmm It's the same thing Interviewer: Same size same thing growing in it 548: Yeah Interviewer: Like you could have a 548: Well a patch the only difference is you You'd have to have plant your little spot of peas or something Or a little spot of beans where you You done planted your pea patch out there you know Um You know that {NS} J-just Plants still {X} It's the same thing Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see uh talking about the pasture where you let the cows graze 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: Was that usually fenced in or was it over 548: Fenced in Interviewer: Can you remember a time when it wasn't fenced in 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Always has been 548: It's fenced in or either we had to tie them out by the Like I said by the Just tie them with a chain out there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Let them eat off {NW} Place and then go get them and move them and let them eat off another place what they could get you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They from here and yonder Interviewer: Right 548: I saw plenty Hogs tied out right there But We didn't ever do that we didn't ever try it But I have seen it done Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see what kind of fence would you have around your pasture 548: Well you know what a barbed wire fence is Barbed wire But it was just three strands you know Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They had uh posts In the ground And they would draw that Uh Wire tight And three strands around that Pasture And that's what kept the cows Interviewer: Mm-hmm what what about what kind of fence did you have before they had barbed wire 548: Let's see what'd they call that cross tied fence or what was it They Put {X} I seen it Interviewer: What were they rails or something 548: Uh-huh some kind of rail Rail fence Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But I I know uh Of up yonder Tops Between here and Oakland I've seen one of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Still there Um Interviewer: Don't see too many of those nowadays 548: Uh-uh That fence Still there Interviewer: Those things built so that they're kind of zig zagged 548: Oh yeah Interviewer: Yeah 548: Uh-huh Sure do Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you say that uh have you ever seen somebody put up a barbed wire fence 548: Yeah Interviewer: Do they have to string the wire tight across the 548: Um They got some kind of Long Tweezers there That they can catch that wire with you know and pull it Pull it tight And then they Somebody They pull it real tight and then they Nail it down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Staple it down Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They can't slip Interviewer: What do they use to string it across the thing that they dig the hole for 548: They use post hole diggers to dig them holes Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see do you ever have to use one of those 548: Uh That's one thing I didn't have to #1 Use # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Didn't have to use the post hole digger 548: I might You know if uh If my step daddy hadn't have died I might have had to use Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But uh I was still young when he died Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But anyway I was about Sixteen Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Fifteen between fifteen and sixteen But I married He was buried on Monday and I come in Saturday evening and I married Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see talking about fences have you ever seen these fences that some people have around their garden or might have around their yard they're usually painted white the top of them kind of comes to a point like that 548: Yes Uh Yeah It's just a A a slant like a slant like that comes up and comes up to a point #1 Like that # Interviewer: #2 Yes ma'am # 548: Uh-huh Over here on Grove Street where my sister lived Interviewer: Right 548: There's one right there Interviewer: Yeah 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Is that do people around here call that a picket fence or a paling fence or 548: Paving I guess Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 548: Sounds more like what it What I used to They used to call it Interviewer: Yes ma'am did people around here ever make walls or fences out of loose stone or rock haven't ever seen anything around here 548: I seen some houses made out of rock They're some kind of nice rock I don't know Interviewer: Yes just not the stuff you'd get up out in the field 548: Uh-uh {NS} Interviewer: Probably bring it in from somewhere else 548: Yeah It was made just you know just for a {X} I guess Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay what would you call the stuff that a woman's best dishes would be made out of real fine dishes 548: Dishes or cooked {X} Interviewer: Dishes 548: Really I don't know Really I don't know I Interviewer: Something like china 548: Yeah I That's the only kind I've ever known Interviewer: What's that 548: That's the only kind I've ever known was china dishes Interviewer: Yes ma'am have you ever seen an egg made out of something like that 548: A egg Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: No Interviewer: Like something that a farmer would put in a chicken's try to fool it to lay 548: I I saw these here little glass eggs you can buy them and put in the nest Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Is that what you #1 Talking about # Interviewer: #2 Right # Right do those things work 548: Uh-huh They them chickens don't ever pay it no attention Interviewer: {NW} 548: {NW} Interviewer: Did y'all ever use one of those 548: Uh-huh Or or little egg gourds you can raise The little gourds about the same Size Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Uh you can just raise a bunch of them all at one time You can Put them in the nest They're about the size of an egg they don't ever pay it no attention It's going to get on that egg and lay again and never going to Interviewer: Right yeah I've never seen one of those I've seen the things but I haven't seen people use them 548: Uh-huh yeah we used them Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah when you went to milk the cow what did you take with you to bring the milk back in 548: A bucket A lard bucket eight pound lard bucket Interviewer: What was that made out of 548: Just old Tin back in them days And Well I would take two It would be uh What we called a four pound bucket And uh And a ten pound bucket Well a gallon bucket Then a half-gallon bucket {X} Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And so I'd Scare the cat kick it out of something and I'd milk in the little bucket and pour it over the gate Interviewer: Right that's a pretty good idea 548: It is Interviewer: Did y'all have a well 548: No We didn't have a well My sister had one up in the hills Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But we didn't have one Interviewer: Mm-hmm did well when if people were going to go get some water from the well what would they take with them to bring the water back in 548: Well the these old big water buckets or lard cans or Anything they could get Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see 548: Sometimes they'd just Two two would go you know and bring it back in an old lard can or something Interviewer: Mm-hmm yes ma'am do you ever hear of people around here use the word pail instead of bucket 548: Yeah I hear that too Interviewer: Are there any difference between the bucket and the pail 548: No Ain't no difference it's It's a {X} A pail or a bucket it don't make no difference Interviewer: Just the same thing 548: Used to be buckets now it's pail Interviewer: #1 Right # 548: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Right okay did you ever keep a a bucket around the kitchen where you would throw scraps in for the hogs 548: Mm-hmm Sure did Because Because I'll tell you I got into that Got into it one time back there Interviewer: What happened 548: Well W- As I told you we had to feed the hogs Us girls And uh So We just Picked some cabbage you know and it had these old big old long worms in there Interviewer: Hmm 548: And And we had poured it over in the slop bucket and had to give it to the hogs And uh My step daddy fell in there and found it and was going to make us get a spoon and eat it Interviewer: #1 Oh goodness gracious # 548: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Don't think I would have cared #1 To do that # 548: #2 Oh man # Interviewer: Hmm 548: Yeah he was going to make us eat it But I But he He said he wasn't going to have to whoop me I went and got a spoon And uh So then after he said he was going to have to whoop the other two to make them eat it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: He told me he says Said never mind I'll let y'all by this time if I ever do catch that bucket full again Y'all going to eat it Interviewer: Hmm don't think I would have liked that 548: {NW} Man I'll tell you too We went We went out to pick us up a load of roots to cook with Out in that den And When Right out in the back where he could see us Every minute And we'd be gone one minute longer than he thought we ought to be He'd be standing in the door with his belt when we come in Interviewer: Hmm 548: He'd whoop us Interviewer: Sounds like he was pretty strict 548: Hmm He He was pretty strict I thought he was But I look at kids nowadays and I wonder Course now I do know he was too strict I know that But There's some young ones nowadays I wish somebody had some hog {X} Interviewer: {NW} I know what you mean 548: I got a grandson up there in Oakland right now I wish {NW} I wish something could be done Interviewer: Hmm just a little out of hand at times 548: He sure does Well not that he's doing to so much He just won't stay put And uh {NS} Serve his time outs you know uh He ain't eighteen yet And So they sent him off and To stay until he was eighteen And and then he'll be {X} At the whole thing or nothing When he's eighteen he'll be out on his own But no he he won't stay Interviewer: Hmm 548: He'll run away and come back to Greenville Interviewer: Hmm 548: So right then they'll pick him up and Make it that much harder on him Interviewer: Hmm you were talking about getting some roots a minute ago do you remember if people ever used roots for any kind of medicine or anything like that 548: No they used to use it to make tea Interviewer: What kind of tea 548: Sassafras tea Some say sassafras tea Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: #1 Make # Interviewer: #2 Was that # 548: You don't know Interviewer: Well what's that good for 548: Drinking {NS} Make it and Sweeten it and drink it It's good Interviewer: Do 548: The roots off of it Interviewer: Do sick people drink it or is it #1 Supposed to be good for sick people # 548: #2 Just anybody # Interviewer: Yeah just for regular #1 Drink # 548: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Yeah 548: Like tea you know I like to drink tea Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: It's good Interviewer: You were talking about a big black pot that you boiled your clothes in 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What was that called 548: A pot's all I know Interviewer: Wash pot or 548: Wash pot A wash pot it was a big one Interviewer: People used to have it outside their yard 548: Mm-hmm I've boiled many old pots of clothes Interviewer: Did you have something that you boiled tea in with a long spout to it 548: Tea Interviewer: Or did you have anything that you boiled inside on the stove 548: No uh I I put my tea or whatever I was going to Make in a boiler and set it on the stove Interviewer: Hmm you didn't use a kettle or anything like that 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Where did those come along 548: I don't know Uh Yeah we used to have them old arm kettles they're heavy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Maybe you've seen them I don't know Interviewer: Those are like the ones you use in a fire place 548: Mm-hmm Iron yeah Interviewer: Oh yeah 548: Them's the kind you used in the fire place And uh I I don't know what's went with them but they Hardly ever you hardly ever see one now Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see back then did you have anything a container that could put cut flowers in inside the house 548: No Uh regular flowers of course we put them in a glass But now first flower pot then a vases or something Interviewer: Didn't have that 548: Wasn't nothing like that Interviewer: Did you ever keep flowers in the house 548: Yeah when we could get them So much of the time you know you couldn't Ain't have no luck raising flowers Interviewer: They wouldn't grow around the house 548: Sometimes they wouldn't it's according to the weather Interviewer: I see okay what about when you ate a meal the utensils that you used to eat the meal with what did you have yeah the things you used to eat the meal with 548: To eat it with Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: Oh well We had a Plate and a fork like we have now or either Well I I remember when we ate out tin cups and bucket lids Interviewer: Hmm out of bucket lids oh 548: Uh I know some Pails we're talking about Interviewer: Right 548: Eight pound buckets Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: The lids off them You know beat that A rake ladder at the bottom of it and then it'll be deep Interviewer: #1 Yes ma'am # 548: #2 And that's what # I remember a time we had a lid too Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see 548: Sure did Interviewer: Hmm 548: And we'd take a Potted meat You see you know what that is Interviewer: Potted meat 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Them little old can And we'd keep one of them to cut out Uh little cookies with you know Interviewer: Oh yeah 548: And things like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And I don't know We just got by don't know how but we did Interviewer: Right when you got through with the meal and had all the dirty dishes what did you say you had to do with them to get them cleaned 548: Had Had to put them in the dish pan Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And And had some Hot water on the stove in the kettle if we had one And if we didn't had to have hot water to boil To pour in that pan over them dishes Interviewer: Hmm 548: And wash them Interviewer: Hmm I see what did you do to get the soap off of them 548: Well we had to Back in them days I don't I don't remember whether we rinsed them or not Interviewer: Hmm 548: Seems like we just washed them and dried them and put them up Interviewer: I see did you have any kind of rag or cloth that you used #1 When you washed them # 548: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh Yeah there was a cloth Interviewer: What did you call that 548: Dish rag Interviewer: Dish rag 548: {NW} Interviewer: Did you have one that you used to dry with 548: Uh-huh That was a drying rag Interviewer: I see 548: Drying rag Interviewer: What about something that you held that you used to wash with wash your face when you took a bath did you have that 548: Yes That's Some kind of rag yeah Wasn't no real wash rags back in them days Interviewer: I see 548: Just piece of sheets or anything that you could get your hands on Interviewer: Yes ma'am did you have a big thing that you dried off with 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: All of it 548: Uh-huh A piece of a piece of sheet or Anything that we could get that's what we used Interviewer: Did you have a regular towel 548: Mm-mm I don't remember the day I get it Interviewer: But you you say you didn't you just used a piece of sheet instead of a 548: Mm-hmm And mostly flower sacks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: There ain't none nowadays I wish there was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: {NW} I liked them things to make rags out of Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: Very soft Interviewer: Would you rather use one of those to dry off with though than a 548: No to wash dishes with yeah Interviewer: But you would prefer to use a 548: A towel uh-huh Or a wash rag Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: But now for dish rags and And uh Lifting rags and things in the kitchen I need to have a flower sack Interviewer: Yes ma'am back then y'all didn't have running water in the house did you 548: Uh-uh Sometimes we had to tote it a long ways Interviewer: Hmm water's pretty heavy 548: Yep It is And then there's {X} Wash as I said I had We had slacked at first Interviewer: Yeah oh that's right 548: {NW} Interviewer: Right I remember that yeah well nowadays in your kitchen 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: That thing over the sink that the water comes out of 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: What do you call that 548: Hybrid Interviewer: Yes ma?am now what out outside the thing that you can hook a hose up to that the water comes out of like if you go and water your glass what would you call that thing 548: The hybrid or the hose Interviewer: The thing that the water comes out of 548: Hose Interviewer: Or yeah you hook that up to a hybrid 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: I see okay has it ever gotten into other places that you lived when it gets real cold around here did you ever have any trouble with your pipes 548: Uh I didn't ever have no trouble Interviewer: Did you ever hear of people that did 548: Oh yeah man Interviewer: What would happen to them 548: Well some of at least part of the time they'd have to have a plumber come out and Uh well And uh {NS} Draw them up and They may be busted and they'd have to do something about that Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: Around here now But Where we where we lived about four or five years My husband had him to come out and wrap the pipe under the house you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Where it wouldn't freeze {NS} But over there I said I hadn't had no trouble But over there where I moved from over there {X} Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: My hider Froze time in the hand sink in the bathroom And me and my sister went off And I don't know why I turned that hider on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But it thawed up while we was gone Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: And talking about water Man It had done run in that bathroom and it was Wasn't like it here it is here Um it was just soaked it just went by on through the bathroom you know Interviewer: Hmm 548: And they're just Just run off down at the other end of the The other woman's apartment down yonder and I mean just running down there just like a Busted pipe Interviewer: Hmm 548: And that's what that's what they thought it was until I got home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: When I got home and went in the house Oh I tell you if that thing hadn't made a mess in that house Interviewer: Hmm 548: Done thawed up though But it didn't budge Interviewer: Yes ma?am I know you hated to see that 548: Yeah I did But I had a mess to clean up Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: Course I didn't pay for the water over there I don't pay it here and I didn't pay it there either Interviewer: Yes ma'am I see you know years ago if you wanted to buy a pretty good bit of molasses what would that come in 548: A keg You could get a barrel Interviewer: Whole barrel of molasses 548: Mm-hmm But they bought mostly kegs you know they got about that high Interviewer: Yes ma?am what about lard 548: Hmm You you could buy that in big Fifty pound can People now got to where they don't eat much lard because that ain't healthy Interviewer: No ma'am you ever heard people talking about buying a stand of lard 548: A stand of lard Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: No Interviewer: Some okay or talking about a barrel you know these metal rings that go around the barrel to keep the stage in place 548: Yeah Interviewer: What would you call those things 548: Hooks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That's what I'd call them Interviewer: Did people ever play with those things 548: Mm-hmm Mm-hmm Kids back in them days played with anything they could get to play with Interviewer: What were some of the things you played with besides that 548: I I didn't play with that because I didn't have no time to play with nothing But uh Uh We'd Uh we'd Get Save old baking powder cans and old baking powder Can lids and {NW} Snuck bottles and All silly junk as that to make a playhouse out of We didn't ever have nothing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: No can lids just what We just Saved something and if we ever got time to play that's what we played with Interviewer: Mm-hmm did you ever make yourself one of these things where you had a long board and one kid could get on one and one on the other 548: Seesaw {NW} Uh-uh Interviewer: Didn't have that huh 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Did you ever play on one 548: Uh-uh Uh-uh Interviewer: Never did 548: Uh-uh And after I got older I didn't want to I was scared to get on one Interviewer: Hmm what would what would they say they were doing if they were on one of those things 548: Seesawing {NW} Interviewer: What about one that uh has a long board that goes around and around did you ever play on one of those 548: I don't know what you call it I've seen them but I don't know Interviewer: You ever heard it called a flying Jenny 548: Oh yes Interviewer: {NW} 548: I heared of flying Jenny Interviewer: Were those home made could you make them yourself 548: No I couldn't Uh-uh I couldn't make them myself but I've seen them Interviewer: Yes ma?am what about these things that you have ropes from the limb of the tree and you got a seat to it 548: A swing Interviewer: Sure did y'all make those 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Didn't have any of those 548: Mm-mm We just didn't have time to fool with it Interviewer: Just had to work a field all day 548: We wasn't working in the field we was working in the house Interviewer: Hmm I imagine that got kind of old after a while doesn't it 548: It got old but we know better than to say anything Interviewer: Yeah 548: We didn't say nothing Kids nowadays will get you told on Interviewer: {NW} That's true well say if you wanted to put some liquid into a bottle that had a narrow mouth 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What would you use to keep from spilling it all over the place 548: Well You can take a Piece of paper And roll it up you know and make a funnel And Stick one down in there And you won't spill A piece of paper Interviewer: Didn't have one of those metal funnels 548: Mm-mm We used a piece of paper many a time Interviewer: Works just as well nowadays when you go to the grocery store and buy something what does the grocery boy put it in for so you take it home with you 548: Puts it in a A large paper sack grocery sack Well anyways just about that high Just about that wide Interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Paper sack Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: Paper bag Interviewer: Right 548: Whatever you want #1 To call it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah uh say if a man had some corn that he wanted to take to the mill 548: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh the amount of corn that he could take in his wagon at one time about how much would that be 548: That he could take or he wanted to take Interviewer: Well either one 548: Um Well he could take a lot Could do it But generally they didn't take but maybe Two or three bushels at a time Interviewer: Hmm 548: Which they had to give the man at the mill you know Interviewer: How much did they have to give him 548: {NS} Well I I don't know a certain toll {X} But I don't know {NS} Interviewer: Y'all getting papers on the fourth of July 548: I don't know {X} Interviewer: Hmm 548: This has been the first fourth of July I've been here Interviewer: Is that right oh that's right I forget you've only been here about a month or so do you ever hear of people taking a turn of corn to the mill 548: No Interviewer: Haven't heard that 548: But what does that mean Interviewer: It's just an amount that you can take at one time 548: Any amount that you want to take I guess Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: Well that's the way it is Way back yonder Just take Whatever you want to take Whatever you want to keep if you wanted to keep about I imagine about two and a half bushels You carry three and give that Man at the mill about half a bushel I imagine to grind them Interviewer: Mm-hmm yes ma'am I see 548: It seems like it was that way Interviewer: Right 548: I think it's right Interviewer: What did what did y'all do for light back then before you had electricity 548: Man that was rough Interviewer: {NW} 548: Oh we thought it was alright we didn't know no better cool all our lamps Well I know you've seen it Interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: But we we thought we was doing alright But nowadays You can tell the difference {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever see somebody make uh one of those homemade they just take a bottle and some coal oil and something for a rig 548: I I really gotten burnt one day with a bottle With a I bet it was a piece of rope or something Twisted down in there you know Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: Had coiled in And we was all Thought we was going fishing And I had up my arm this way And and that bottle Turned Interviewer: Yes ma?am 548: And man it burned a great big place on my arm right in there Interviewer: Hmm did y'all call that anything in particular 548: No Interviewer: Homemade thing 548: No Just made it to go fishing with #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Yes ma?am # 548: No we didn't call it Interviewer: You wouldn't call it a torch or flame anything like that 548: Come near being a torch Interviewer: Sort of 548: Because it made good light Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see did you go fishing much 548: Uh-uh We thought we was going that night but Really we never did go but a few time I remember my step daddy in mind telling me Well we're going fishing now who d- Who don't catch a fish don't eat no supper And I caught the I caught fish Interviewer: {NW} 548: What I caught a Grinnel About that long One of the most scaly grinnel fish I don't want to I don't like Interviewer: Not good to eat 548: I love catfish and that's all Interviewer: What else did you fish for besides catfish 548: Well We fished anything we caught But But in them days You hardly ever caught any catfish You know where we lived there anywhere Interviewer: Hmm 548: Just a little old lake you know went in through by our house And I went out in the yard this I was {X} And found a little old dead chicken And uh {D: I hung the line} I I was just doing something I put it Stuck it on a hook And there's no trout {X} Uh come across the Little old bough behind our house And I went out on that thing and set that hook out With that little chicken on it And the next morning I went out there to it and man I had ripped the {X} That long Interviewer: {NW} Could you have had it by yourself 548: Uh-uh I I kept hollering until I got my mama out there And then boy she liked to tore me up for being there Getting out over that water She didn't whoop me but she comes very near doing it She was scared because I got out there with that water Interviewer: Hmm yeah 548: But I really caught that fish Interviewer: Is that like a gar have you ever heard of that 548: Uh-huh Interviewer: It's a grinnel 548: Yeah it's something like a gar But you uh Split a gar Uh down and Its uh Front there You split it and then skin it Skin the meat out But a grinnel you don't you scrape off the scale Interviewer: Hmm 548: And eat the whole fish Interviewer: Hmm 548: {NS} But as I say don't give me no scaly fish I'm okay Interviewer: You don't like bass or 548: Mm-mm Interviewer: That kind of thing 548: Mm-mm Interviewer: Have you ever caught one 548: Uh-uh Interviewer: Have you ever seen any carp around here 548: Yeah uh There's a woman over there who caught one and was going to give it to me One of those {X} Interviewer: What's that 548: A carp fish And uh So I didn't want it I told her to give it to my sister I didn't want it So she did Interviewer: I've heard those things aren't very good to eat 548: Too many bones man Interviewer: {NW} 548: Just like just pouring little needles Interviewer: Yeah it's bad 548: I don't want to get choked on them thing Interviewer: Hmm when y'all did go fishing did you ever have were you ever bothered by insects 548: Yes sir Red bugs and mosquitoes You See lots of snakes Well uh We lived on {X} And we heard the terriblest hollering one morning And uh There was six Uh niggers Going to work And they Go across that little old bough in the boat To the work And they got uh in Started across there and they got hung up on these little old cypress knees Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 548: {NS} funny um things that comes up well there's lots of cypress trees around out there. But peas don't get no higher than this some of 'em ain't no higher than that. You know this little old well they ain't bushes. When talking about cypress knees it looks more like a knee than anything else. interviewer: Yes ma'am I've seen that. So you mosquitoes will bother you and red bugs you say? 548: Yeah yeah they used to they used to get made short {NW} interviewer: What about do you have insects around here that are really bad to sting ya? Really hurt 548: {X} not that I know of. interviewer: What about these things you know that make these little nests that look like they are made out of paper on the sides of your house? 548: Dirt dauber I have seen one of them things and I don't know when. interviewer: Well now they make nests that look like they're made out of mud don't they? 548: Uh huh interviewer: Is there something else that makes one look like they're made out of paper? 548: Wasps interviewer: Yeah yeah 548: And them wasps man will sting you. But I don't see none of them I don't know. Or they keep this house sprayed good. interviewer: I don't think I'd miss it anyway. {NW} 548: They sure do keep it sprayed. interviewer: What about these insects that are bad about getting in your clothes and eating holes in 'em? 548: Moths interviewer: You ever seen one of those? 548: They tell me they're so little you can't see 'em I don't know. I ain't never seen one. interviewer: Do you you know you see 'em at night you see these insects that are blink on and off? 548: Lightning bugs interviewer: Mm-hmm I haven't seen many of those recently. 548: No I haven't either. interviewer: Have you ever seen these uh insects that make a great big paper nest in a tree? They like a {X} small napkin. 548: Bees honey bees I sure have. And uh I has don't don't forget these old bumble bees will sting you too. Um I have a I've seen somebody tell me that I did a washing and didn't have on the clothes I wanted to have on you know when they come in. I had done done washed my dress and hung it out. On my barbed fence I seen um my neighbor's coming. I run out there and grab that dress of the fence and run in the house and and as I start to put it on there was a bumble bee tangled up and in my threads in there. interviewer: Uh oh 548: And I mean it was just like a pen scratched me all the way down. when I pull that dress on it. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Just like a pin I mean it just scratched. And talking about some hurting but I got that bee out as quick as I could. interviewer: I don't blame you wouldn't be too comfortable. 548: But they sure will they'll sting ya smart interviewer: Are there any hornets around here? 548: Not that I know of. interviewer: You never heard of any around here? 548: Sure do. interviewer: Is that what people call 'em? 548: Yeah hornets build their nests in the ground. They tell me to do I ain't never seen one. interviewer: What about yellow jackets you have any of those? 548: Haven't heard about 'em. interviewer: Is that what people call 'em around here? 548: Yeah that's what they would call 'em I guess if they was here. But I don't I don't think there's more around here. interviewer: What's that? 548: Yellow jacket interviewer: Now I didn't see any lately either. You know when you went fishing did you ever see a insect that had kind of a long thin body and he liked to lie on your pole and you'd have to twitch it to get him off. What was that called? 548: You know what we'd call 'em? skeeter hawk. interviewer: Skeeter hawk 548: Now what do you call 'em? interviewer: Well I'd call it a dragonfly you ever heard of that? 548: No {NW} we called it skeeter hawk. interviewer: You ever heard it called a snake doctor? 548: Yeah interviewer: And they're the same thing? 548: Yeah that's the same thing yeah. interviewer: That's the word you say it? 548: Mm-hmm skeeter doctor or interviewer: Snake? 548: Or snake doctor or what ever you want to call it it's all the same thing. interviewer: The reason they call it uh snake doctor 548: Uh huh {NW} interviewer: Did y'all see 'em eat mosquitoes? 548: Well I I maybe they do now I don't know. interviewer: They call it a skeeter hawk you would think. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: It might {NW} What about uh have you ever heard of any birds around here that can see in the dark you know and they make this hooting noise? 548: Hoot owl interviewer: Mm-hmm you got those around here? 548: No uh uh interviewer: Do you have 'em out in the country? 548: Well I'll tell you the truth I don't think that there are no more but that in the zoo or some where like that. There might be some way out in the country I don't know. interviewer: Mm-hmm Have you ever heard of a lulu they have a real high pitched voice? 548: Bird? interviewer: Yes ma'am or a kind of owl. 548: Screech owl interviewer: Right 548: screech owl You know uh momma used to tell us to go tie a knot in the hen house when they'd go {D:hog} interviewer: Why's that? 548: She said it say it would choke on that that quit hog. interviewer: {NW} 548: And we'd do that. interviewer: Did it work? 548: Sometimes interviewer: {NW} 548: sometimes it didn't. interviewer: uh huh 548: And then sometimes she'd tell us to go put the broom across the door. interviewer: Hmm 548: Oh that was as I say sometimes worked and sometimes didn't and they already had to know if she would quit or at least that didn't do no good I don't know. interviewer: Yes Ma'am Some people had told me that those thing sound just like a baby crying. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Is that right? 548: Yeah they sound so pitiful you know. Oh interviewer: What about those birds that drill holes in trees? 548: Redheaded woodpeckers they ain't here no more. interviewer: Oh Don't see it in town? 548: Uh uh I don't know where in the world they went to and it's a yeller black {D: checkity} looking bird pecks holes in wood too but I I ain't see that. interviewer: Hmm Have you ever heard people call a woodpecker a pecker wood? 548: Yeah I've had um to this out in the country coming right on my wall all that pecking they'd do it right up on the sides of the wall. interviewer: And you'd call it uh and you call that thing a red headed? 548: Woodpecker interviewer: Or pecker wood 548: Pecker wood {NW} I get so mad at that thing I get out and try to hit it. It flies and then comes back. interviewer: Did you ever see this animal that's got a white stripe down it's back and it smells bad {X} 548: {NW} Yeah in a zoo. Uh oh I know what it is and why can't I say it. Skunk interviewer: Sure 548: {NW} interviewer: Is that the same thing as polecat? 548: Same thing now I said I hadn't seen one except in the zoo but I did. Down at wayside this bigger old man you know and I was talking to you about being down there um he went out that morning and we had a pump house and the pump was in that building it was a big old round pipe and and it ir- irrigation pump. And there was two of them things in that pump house. interviewer: Uh oh 548: I can't tell you he didn't pose with 'em. interviewer: {NW} That's probably a good idea. But you have heard people call 'em pole? 548: Polecat interviewer: And that's the same thing? 548: Yeah um interviewer: Do you ever uh have any trouble with animals getting in uh breaking in where your chickens were and killing 'em? Eating 'em? 548: What breaking in? interviewer: Any kind of animals getting after your chickens. 548: Yeah um one one time uh we lived close to the woods and uh we had a hen took steal her nest all and hatch a big old bunch big bunch of chickens in the old stump. And something caught her you know I made them eggs with just hatching caught her and left some eggs there. And we found some of 'em we done save some of 'em. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And uh we had two or three hens sitting on a nest and something come up and just cut the throats you know suck the blood and leave 'em sitting there. interviewer: What do you reckon it was? 548: Some people say it was a mink. interviewer: Huh 548: Now Lord I don't know. interviewer: Mm-hmm have you ever heard people call an animal like a mink or something like that a varmint? 548: Uh huh I've hear them called a varmint. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But what you can call 'em lots of things I guess. interviewer: Sure. You were talking about that hen {NW} if a hen was on a nest of eggs trying to hatch out something what would she be called? That would be just an old? 548: Chickens all I know. interviewer: Well something maybe like call it a setting hen or? 548: Setting hen that's about now that's what that's what it should be setting hen. interviewer: You got a bunch of these chicken then? 548: Oh yeah interviewer: How many eggs could you expect to get everyday from 'em? 548: Well we didn't get none too many um um we never did get to feed 'em like we should feed 'em but oh I don't know I used ten maybe a day. interviewer: Mm-hmm that's not bad. Uh 548: We had plenty of eggs to eat. interviewer: That would be enough for a family. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Did you ever see these little animals with the bushy tails around here running around in the trees? 548: Plenty of 'em {X}. They run come down that tree and go across that dock um or climb across that road there and go up to trees over yonder. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And out on the front you can just see 'em all up in these trees out there. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: They're squirrels. interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you have different types? 548: Well yeah there's some different types but these little bitty brown squirrels. What you what I'm seeing out there is a bunch of young ones they're small. But they're pretty. interviewer: Have you ever heard people call 'em gray squirrels or red squirrels fox squirrels any of that? 548: Yeah interviewer: Which ones what do they call 'em? 548: Well they these I'm talking about is um well those brown I guess would be a fox squirrel. interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} squirrel 548: Mm-hmm fox squirrel interviewer: Do you have these little animals they are not as big as the squirrel and they stay on the ground mostly. Don't have that big bushy tail. 548: Rat? interviewer: Well not exactly a rat it looks kind of like one. Something like a chipmunk or ground squirrel? Don't have those in this area? 548: No but I've seen flying squirrels. interviewer: Oh really? 548: One interviewer: It's been a long time since I've saw one of those things. 548: It's been a long time but I've seen one. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Our cat caught that thing and brought it in the house and I choked her until she turned that squirrel loose interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: and uh I had it in my hand and it was so tiny he couldn't bite me. {X} Little bunch of skin here That thing might beat me up but I but I took it away from that cat. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And put them in bucket tied me a rag over it and oh boy thought I had something. It was it was sturdy. And my step daddy come in I run and got it and showed it to him and he called the cat and then just poured it out of the bucket down there and let the cat get it and eat it. interviewer: Mm-hmm You went through a lot of trouble for nothing. 548: That's how mean he was. interviewer: Yeah that's too bad. 548: But the cat eat it after I'd done got eat up through him. He was a little putting back {X} interviewer: Mm-hmm Mm-hmm What about these animals that you hear around ponds at night that makes these croaking noise you know? 548: Bull frogs interviewer: Yeah those are the big ones aren't they? 548: Mm-hmm Yeah lots of folks likes to eat 'em but I don't. interviewer: Yeah I heard that the legs. 548: That's all you can cook. interviewer: I never had any. 548: Ain't nothing to the body. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Well no I'll tell you leave 'em out won't do it. interviewer: Why's that? 548: They would you you'd kill 'em. I mean you'd clean 'em tonight and put 'em in an ice box and in the morning when you put 'em in grease hot grease boil them things and my neck jumps {X} interviewer: Yeah I've heard that. 548: Ain't dead interviewer: Mm-hmm still twitching. 548: I I don't know. Whether they're dead or if it's just the nerve or what. But don't give it to me I don't want it. interviewer: Yeah I've heard that. I've heard it tastes like chicken. 548: They tell me it's good too but I don't wanna taste There's some good meat in turtle meat too. interviewer: Where are they? 548: No not me. interviewer: What kind of turtles do you usually usually use for to eat? 548: Well I don't know we we tried to we never did use but two and it was just called a loggerhead turtle you know. Out and a {X} you know they came good turtles you know in big water. Soft shell turtles and {D: ally} interviewer: I've heard those loggerhead turtles can smell bad. Or don't smell so hot. 548: But they didn't they didn't smell good I didn't even know it. Now you clean a turtle the today and put put all the other junk and leave the heart in it. In ever we cleaned 'em out you just leave the heart in that shell. And go ahead and cook and eat that turtle today in the morning that heart is still beating. interviewer: How? 548: It's still beating interviewer: Uh 548: I done seen that don't give me no turtle uh uh. interviewer: That's strange. 548: It's strange but it works. interviewer: Did you have turtles around here that stayed on the land mostly instead of the water? 548: Yeah uh down at one side of the woods they I found one one day way off away from the water. You know she was uh making her nest. Dur- during high heat you know digging out a hole that's back up under them weeds. interviewer: Uh huh 548: And uh so she made her nest there a laid a pile of eggs. And they hatched. We watched. And they hatched. But when a turtle lays their eggs they don't never go back and see about the little. interviewer: Hmm 548: And if they make it to the water or {X} interviewer: {NW} 548: {NW} interviewer: That's just the ways it goes. 548: Yeah interviewer: Those land turtles would people call 'em terrapins or tortoises or anything like that? 548: I believe they call them terrapins I'm not sure. interviewer: Ever heard anybody call one a cooter 548: Yeah I've heard them called cooter interviewer: The what? 548: Toot {NW} tooter interviewer: You know what a lot of people call 'em where I am from? 548: Uh uh interviewer: {X} Ever heard that? 548: Don't believe so. interviewer: {NW} Yeah What about these a when you were talking about bullfrogs. Do you have a kind of frog that will stay around your garden a lot? Eat insects you know stays on land mostly. 548: Toad Frogs interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And they tell me they cause warts on you but they won't. interviewer: I've heard that. 548: Hmm they won't interviewer: {NW} Have you ever seen any frogs that real tiny they ain't much bigger than this? 548: Mm-hmm rain frogs ain't it? Little green frogs? interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Rain frogs interviewer: Why do they call 'em that? 548: I really don't know. But when ever they go holler have you ever heard 'em? interviewer: I don't think so. 548: They'll holler just before it rains. interviewer: Oh 548: And they'll just holler and holler and holler when there's when there's one around you would know it. interviewer: {NW} He's pretty loud huh? 548: Uh huh interviewer: When y'all went fishing what did y'all use for bait? 548: Red worms earth worms some people call 'em. I guess you know what I'm talking about. interviewer: Well about that size? 548: Yeah you dig out of the ground. interviewer: Yes ma'am Have you ever heard being on a {X} for worms? 548: No {NW} Uh uh interviewer: A {D:job} of wooden posts in the ground and run something over the top of it and those vibrations will make the worms come out. 548: No I have never. {NW} interviewer: Gone {X} for worms 548: No I never did hear tell of that interviewer: Have you you ever hear of ever heard of a worm called the night crawlers? 548: Night? interviewer: Mm-hmm great big old black ones. 548: No well you mean the big old black bustling worm? I guess I've seen 'em but I don't know. What about night crawlers I don't know. interviewer: Do you know can y'all get any seafood around here in the stores? 548: Yeah yeah you can get it. interviewer: Okay {X} 548: Well really I don't too much about it but I've counted between {X} um between {X} they sell um catfish and uh lobsters all all kinds of stuff like that between {X} you know the place out there. All kind of stuff I don't know. interviewer: What about this these things that people talk about eating with a half shell they say that pearls grow in them. 548: I don't know I imagine they got them. interviewer: Yes oysters? 548: Oysters interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Oysters that's right. Over there where my daughter lives they gather them things by the truck loads interviewer: Really? 548: and sell 'em. interviewer: Hmm 548: Where they don't they are opening shells you know and uh they allowed to get just so many but they do boil 'em mop up them things. interviewer: {NW} 548: And they're high too. And they got their own factories you know the shelling things out and channeling buckets and carrying 'em out and sell 'em to stores. interviewer: Have you ever eaten them? 548: Uh uh interviewer: Don't like those? 548: Uh uh interviewer: I think I can eat 'em fried but uh not raw. {NW} Yeah some people eat those things raw. 548: Yeah that's what they tell me. interviewer: I don't think they have much taste to 'em. Doesn't feel anyway. 548: I don't believe I'd swallow. interviewer: {NW} Well what about talking about seafood you know these little little tiny fan-tailed animals that people eat called shrim- 548: I'll tell ya in a minute. Crawfish interviewer: Okay yeah or something else. 548: Shrimp interviewer: Right do you like either one of those? 548: Man I don't I don't like much of nothing like that and uh Chicken I won't eat nothing but the breast of a chicken. interviewer: Why's that? 548: Or legs. I don't know I just don't wanna. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That's yeah for fish I'll eat a piece of catfish you know. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I like catfish and hushpuppies interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But after a piece of that don't give me no fish interviewer: {NW} Do you do you ever make your own bread? 548: Yeah I I make my cornbread just me I don't never make no biscuits. I make cornbread every once and awhile. interviewer: You don't make anything besides cornbread or biscuits. 548: Uh uh interviewer: You know some people say that they just two kinds of bread the kind that you make at home call that homemade bread the kind that is bought at the store is called what? 548: Store bought bread interviewer: Which do you prefer? 548: I like homemade bread. But I'm too lazy interviewer: {NW} 548: You know there ain't nobody but me {X} I just hardly ever cook. interviewer: Uh huh Have you did you ever make it before? Homemade bread? 548: Good gracious yeah interviewer: How do you make it? 548: Uh well I get me a bowl and I would pour myself rising meal in there. Maybe break an egg in there cook me a little grease a little buttermilk or water stir it up and have the skillet hot. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Sprinkle me a little meal in there and let it brown and then pour my bread over in that skillet so it can {X} Let it get up. interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you have to uh put something in it to make it rise? 548: Uh uh No I get the I get the self rise mix. It's got all that rising stuff already in it. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I buy self rising. interviewer: Have you ever heard of people who put something in it to make it rise? 548: Man I used to do that when I had to. {NW} interviewer: Yeah what did you put in it? 548: Baking powder and soda mostly baking powder. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Cause soda you might ruin my bread with every time I used it. interviewer: Was there anything else that would make it ri- rise besides? 548: Yeast interviewer: Oh yeah 548: them days if I hadn't used buttermilk to make it up with it wouldn't be any good at all. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I don't want no more plain meal and the more plain flour. interviewer: Mm-hmm About how much flour did you usually buy at a time back then? 548: Well when I was raising my children I I I had to buy at least a twenty-five pound sack every week. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And I'll tell you kids eat. interviewer: How much did you say? 548: Twenty-five pound sack every week. interviewer: Whoa a lot of flour. 548: Yeah I I made a lot of biscuits then I I put the rest of the flour in the cornbread. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Always put flour in my in my cornbread. interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever make up a this this stuff you made up your batter and you pour it around and cook 'em four or five at a time people like to eat 'em for breakfast? 548: Hot cakes interviewer: Yeah 548: I love them too. interviewer: Mm-hmm And I did too. Have you ever heard people call 'em anything besides hot cakes? 548: Hoecake? interviewer: Is that the same thing? 548: I think it is the same thing only there's there's something little hoe cakes {NW} interviewer: Yeah yeah 548: I guess that's where it goes. interviewer: Is that like a batter cake? 548: Yeah interviewer: Same thing? 548: Hoecake is one of them that you turn over you know like I was telling you know before. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: The way I cook my hoecakes. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I guess one of them little batter cakes it'd be the same thing. interviewer: Or pancake? 548: That sounds different don't it? {NW} I mean you know more about cooking than I thought you did. interviewer: {NW} Not too much I am not much of a cook. What about do you ever make these things homemade you made up some batter and you put 'em fried them in these stacks and they had a hole right in the middle of 'em Like a donut? 548: No I never did make no donut. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I never did learn how. interviewer: Mm-hmm My mother made them occasionally maybe once or twice I can remember but they so much trouble it is easier to buy 'em at the store. 548: Yeah interviewer: {NW} 548: But I never did learn how. interviewer: Mm-hmm What what about the two parts of an egg what do you call that? 548: The yolk of a egg is yellow. And the white interviewer: Yeah 548: is the other part of the egg. interviewer: That's it. Is it the white that you use if you are making a cake or something like that? 548: Uh huh dif- you know it's dif- different cakes yeah. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Sometimes you can use the whole thing . But if you gonna put it on top of the cake it's a white of egg. interviewer: I see 548: Put in your plate and beat it interviewer: Right 548: 'til it {X} interviewer: Why not? {NW} That's a 548: I don't what nothing but no raw egg in it. interviewer: Oh You need to well what kind of egg do you eat? How how do you like 'em cooked? 548: Scrambled and I mean real done. interviewer: {NW} 548: That's the only way. interviewer: None of this none of this runny stuff. 548: Uh uh uh uh can't stand that. interviewer: What about some other ways you can fix an egg that you know about besides scrambled? 548: Well I can't I can eat uh once in awhile I eat a couple of boiled eggs. But now first you know fixing 'em many other ways I don't know. interviewer: Is there some way to fix 'em using uh you have a little cup over boiled water and you crack the egg and you put it in the cup and then you cook it that way? 548: Yeah that that's sea folks eat that. interviewer: What do you call that? 548: I know but I can't just say it right. Poached interviewer: Yeah 548: Poached interviewer: yeah why's that why does just sea folk do that? 548: I don't know anybody that wants to but generally a doctor will tell it's patient or not eat no grease. interviewer: #1 Oh oh oh # 548: #2 Eat your eggs # poached you know you {X} interviewer: I see 548: and that's what I was talking about. interviewer: Yeah that makes sense. 548: Course it's been done anybody wants to eat. interviewer: Mm-hmm yep 548: But that's doctors orders. interviewer: Right 548: If they don't want you to have no grease you just eat poached egg. interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah You say that you didn't like to boil bacon with your grease. 548: Uh huh interviewer: Yeah what about if you wanted to buy a lot of bacon and not have it sliced you'd buy yourself a hole? What would you call that? 548: Slab interviewer: Yeah Ever heard ever heard people call that the middling? 548: Yep that's what it is it's the middling of the hog but some folks say it's a slab of bacon or a slab of meat or interviewer: Uh huh yeah well you know when you slice the bacon off that slab you probably cut off that tough edge to it what would that be called? 548: Scraps I guess. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That's what I'd call it. interviewer: That tough edge that's hard to chew? 548: Yeah they they they have to leave that out. Not put that in. interviewer: Yeah like big skin or rind or something like that? 548: They can't put that in there. I bought big boxes of {X} you know like we we talking about. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Big boxes for {D: a dollar and something} interviewer: Hmm 548: and man they's they's lots of good eating in that box. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But I got high blood I ain't supposed to much of that. interviewer: {NW} I see Have you seen you have a men who sell meat just sell meat and nothing else? 548: Uh huh interviewer: What would they be called? 548: I don't know. interviewer: Uh would it be a butcher? 548: A butcher? I guess that sounds right yeah. interviewer: Do do you still have butchers Or 548: I I believe yeah around these stores you know. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: They they cook the meat the pieces of meat. And I don't know I don't know where really that they kill them animals {X} I don't know. interviewer: Yeah Have you ever heard of well what would what would you say was wrong with meat if you kept it too long and it didn't taste good? You'd say it's? 548: Tainted interviewer: Yeah Is that the same thing if it's spoiled? 548: Uh huh that's the same thing. interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah as what? 548: It's tainted if it's spoiled it's the same thing. interviewer: Yeah what about butter it's got like that 548: What is? Well I the way I'd say it you it just ain't good. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Too old that's what I would say. interviewer: Yeah if you know some people say that uh meat gets strong 548: Yeah it does. interviewer: Now does that mean it's spoiled? 548: #1 No # interviewer: #2 If it's strong? # 548: really really it don't mean it's spoiled interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: but they just kept it too long but they're taking care of it but it's just stronger than it's supposed to be and it don't taste good. interviewer: Is it alright to eat it though? 548: Yeah interviewer: You can eat it? 548: You can eat it. interviewer: Mm-hmm I see. Talking about butter that's no good have you ever heard people say that butter's got kind of a funky taste to it? Tastes a little funky. 548: Uh huh interviewer: Is that the word they would say or? 548: Yeah that's the way they'd say it I guess as far as I know. interviewer: Like how? 548: that say it had a funky taste to it. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Smell or something. interviewer: Mm-hmm kind of peculiar {X}. 548: You can tell when it ain't no good. interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the kind of meat you make from a hog's head? 548: Souse I don't know it too good they have all the meat off of it's head in there and all that I mean {X} interviewer: Don't like it huh? 548: Huh? interviewer: Don't like souse? 548: Uh uh interviewer: Yeah 548: and one thing it's so greasy. interviewer: Oh yeah Have you ever heard people call that souse head cheese? 548: Yeah interviewer: Same thing? 548: Some kind of cheese. I guess it's head cheese it's some kind of cheese they call 'em. interviewer: Yes ma'am. I see. Does people ever make anything out of a hog's liver? 548: Hash liver and lites. interviewer: What's that? 548: And boil them together and make hash. interviewer: Yeah 548: They cut it up uh onions and hot grease and um put sage well I don't know what all they put in it but they then they cook it up together in that skillet to make hash. interviewer: Hmm 548: It's good. interviewer: Mm-hmm I see. Did they ever make any kind of um liver pudding or anything like that? 548: Not up to my knowings. interviewer: {NW} Yeah 548: I wouldn't be in that in that {X} if I found one I wouldn't eat it. interviewer: Yeah Well you're not going to like this but I've heard some people say that they make stuff out of hog's blood. Have you ever heard of that? 548: I've heard 'em making pies out of hog's blood. interviewer: Uh 548: Man I wouldn't eat it. interviewer: Heard they did that around here? 548: Not that I know of. interviewer: But you've heard of it? 548: Uh huh and uh and uh I do know they can grasshopper you know what that is? interviewer: They can grasshoppers? 548: Yeah They've got 'em right here in town in cans. And I've heard the can rattlesnakes. interviewer: Uh 548: But now with me knowing I don't know. {X} But I do know they can grasshoppers. interviewer: I don't think I'd care to try that. 548: {NW} Anybody would be crazy to eat that. interviewer: I think I would just let them hop around the yard {NW} leave 'em alone. 548: I don't want nothing to do with them. interviewer: Yeah Do do you ever keep uh thick sour milk around the kitchen to make things out of? 548: Yeah I used to keep uh soured milk to make bread or biscuits or something. interviewer: What was that called? 548: Sour milk for us. interviewer: Is that the same thing as clabber? 548: Well yeah well you let it clabber. When it clabbers ain't no sign it's sour. interviewer: Oh I see. 548: So you can eat it. I love clabbered milk. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Then if it sets long enough to get sour I don't. interviewer: Yeah can you just eat that? {X} 548: Yeah that clabbered milk man that's good. interviewer: Mm-hmm Can you make anything out of it like uh you know those black stuff people eat when they're going on diets? 548: Maybe could but not that I know of. interviewer: Cottage? 548: Cottage cheese? interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: They might could. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I really never did know what it was made out of. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Cottage cheese interviewer: Yes ma'am. You know after you milked your cows did you ever do anything with the milk to get some of the interiors out of it? 548: Strain it through a cloth. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: In a in a churn. One of them big tall uh churns you know like we used to have. interviewer: Yes ma'am. 548: You've seen? interviewer: I have seen 'em I've never seen one anybody use one. 548: Well an- anyway in that big old tall churn thick it's thick head and then it got a dasher you seen them? interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And so when they are in that clabberous state let it get warm some where. Don't don't make it stay cool let it get warm and then you gonna clabber and then you take that um dasher put that in there and put that lid on it and churn it. Make you a big old bowl of butter. interviewer: Is that homemade butter pretty good? 548: Oh boy I wish I had some of it now. interviewer: Is it better than what you'd buy in the store? 548: Yeah it is. A lot better. interviewer: Mm-hmm I bet it was better. Did you ever make something for dessert in a deep dish with maybe apple slices or peach slices it'd have a nice thick crust to it? 548: Not that no that's uh what fruit pie? It's all kinds of fruit ain't it? interviewer: Could be I guess. I was think about something like a cobbler. 548: Oh good gracious yeah I've I love a cobbler. That's for apple pie. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I love that. interviewer: What can you make a cobbler out of? 548: Apples you need a little spice you know on your apple. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Roll you out a piece of dough put it on when you're done mash it down all the way around. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Stick some holes through it if you put that in hot grease you know without sticking holes in it it would just swell up and bust. Well if you stick holes in it before you put it in that skillet of hot grease it won't bust. interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I see. You were talking about a pie can you ever did you ever pour over some kind of sweet liquid over a pie? Maybe milk with cream or nutmeg or something like that? 548: Yeah cream over pie is good. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I I usually {X} interviewer: Mm-hmm would that be like a sauce for the pie? 548: Uh huh interviewer: That's what you would call it? 548: It's good yeah. interviewer: Mm-hmm and you call it uh? 548: Cream interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: sweet cream. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Or either just cow cream is good on it. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: All that sweet milk. interviewer: Yes ma'am it's kind of a sauce for it. 548: Uh huh interviewer: That's what you would call it? 548: Yeah interviewer: What what would you call a food that you eat between meals? You say you're having a? 548: Lunch? interviewer: Well between meals maybe between lunch and supper. 548: A bite? interviewer: Sure {NW} 548: A bite. interviewer: Alright just have a bite to eat? 548: Yeah interviewer: Do you uh drink this hot stuff that a lot of people drink for breakfast? 548: Chocolate? interviewer: Well not that but uh 548: Coffee? interviewer: Yeah 548: I love coffee interviewer: Mm-hmm how do you drink yours? What do you like in it? 548: Well I generally put a little milk sweet milk in it. I don't put no sugar cause I got high blood and I ain't supposed to. interviewer: Yes ma'am Do you ever hear people if they wanted coffee but they didn't want anything in it at all how would what would they say? How would they say that? 548: I want my coffee black. {NW} interviewer: How's anybody stand that with nothing in it. {X} Have you ever heard any people say I like my coffee straight? 548: Uh huh yeah I've heard 'em say I want it straight then I hear him say I want my coffee like my women I want it black {NW} interviewer: Oh I don't know about that. 548: I've heard that before. interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody say they wanted this coffee barefooted? 548: No interviewer: With nothing in it. 548: Uh uh barefooted no. interviewer: I asked you about an expression you know if you had a lot of people over at your house for a meal. 548: Yeah interviewer: And if they were all just standing around the table and you don't want 'em to you'd tell 'em to go ahead and? 548: Go ahead and sit down. interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And say after they were already seated at the table if you didn't want them to wait until supper was passed to 'em you'd tell 'em to go ahead and? 548: Go ahead and help yourself. interviewer: Okay what would you say if somebody passed you something that you just did not like? 548: I'd pass it on down from me. interviewer: {NW} 548: That's what I'd have getting by interviewer: Right you wouldn't say anything though? 548: Uh uh interviewer: Like I I don't care for that or 548: No I don't I don't think I would say it. Well I'd get by and pass it all around the table . interviewer: Oh Mm-kay What what would you call a food that's been heated and served a second time? 548: A left over. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I do that lots of times. interviewer: Oh yeah? Supper that you had? 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: The day earlier or something like that? 548: I was eating if I cooked you see need one I don't need much to have. So I can't cook just what I eat. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: So I just warm it over and eat it again. interviewer: Mm-hmm Have you ever heard of eating something that was just cornmeal a boiled in water and maybe a little salt in? 548: Mush interviewer: Is it good? 548: Yeah it's good too. Back in the old days they made a lot of that. interviewer: Is that right? 548: My momma did made by pots full and we wouldn't stop 'til we eat it up. interviewer: Hmm it was pretty good? 548: Yeah now-a-days nobody don't never do that no more. interviewer: Hmm 548: Not that I know of. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Back in the old days momma sure made a lot of it. interviewer: Yes ma'am What about uh something that's a real starchy food and it grows in flooding fields around here. 548: Rice? interviewer: Yeah does any of that grow around here in this area? 548: Yeah not you know not around here in town but out in maybe in some country. interviewer: Mm-hmm Well I I never seen that growing until last summer I was in Arkansas and I was riding along and I saw these fields and I was {X} and I say boy these people have had good rain out here 548: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 all these fields covered in water. # {NW} I didn't know that's what it's supposed to be. 548: Oh and we were talking about snakes they're in them places. interviewer: Yeah 548: I mean interviewer: Have you ever been around a rice field? 548: No I ain't been around it but uh my sister's husband is. interviewer: Hmm 548: And she'd be out there at night watching the pumps you know that pumps that water in them. One night he's out there and a snake got in his boot. interviewer: Uh 548: I don't reckon it had room to bite him. interviewer: {NW} 548: He had pull that boot off pour that snake out. interviewer: Whoa I think I would have gotten out of that boot pretty quick. 548: I think I would too. I'd be so scared I don't know whether I'd try to throw it off or not. interviewer: Yeah 548: {NW} interviewer: Have you ever heard of people around here make a homemade liquor you know and instill used to make it up in the hill. 548: Oh I've heard it. interviewer: What they call that stuff? 548: Moonshine interviewer: I understand that that's not very good stuff. 548: I don't imagine. interviewer: Yeah 548: I never did try it. interviewer: You ever heard call it white lightening? 548: Uh huh I hear that song about white lightening but I reckon it's the same stuff. interviewer: {NW} I guess so. 548: That white lightening is power wasn't it? interviewer: I I think it was. I don't know I never tried any. 548: Well I hadn't either but going from that song I'm talking about. interviewer: I don't think they make that stuff in a very sanitary condition. 548: Uh uh I don't think so. interviewer: I asked you about this expression you would say that when you put food in your mouth and you began to? 548: Chew interviewer: Mm-kay we were talking about molasses a minute ago is that is there something like molasses but just a little bit different? 548: Honey? interviewer: Okay or something else besides that? You could pour on hotcakes? Like syrup 548: Yeah well I always called it all molasses. {NW} interviewer: So there's not any difference between 548: Well there's different kinds but I just say molasses and get it over with. interviewer: {NW} Alright so as far as you're concerned molasses and syrup is the same thing? 548: Mm-hmm syrup's just a new name that's all. interviewer: I see. What about these expressions say if I have on a belt and it's made out of cow hide and nothing else. I might tell somebody well now this isn't imitation cow hide this is? 548: Real cow hide. interviewer: Or I might say this is gen-? 548: Genuine cow hide. interviewer: Alright You know before sugar was sold packaged like it is now-a-days. They might sell it uh maybe out of the barrel or something like that? How would they say they were selling it? 548: By the pound interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Is that right? interviewer: Yes ma'am would that be the same as saying you selling it uh bulk sugar? Bulk sugar 548: That's the same interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: cause you so much a pound for it it don't matter how many pounds you get. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And it's got to be the same thing. interviewer: As what? 548: As uh bulk sugar. interviewer: Pardon bulk sugar? You've heard it called that? 548: Bulk? interviewer: Bull or bulk 548: Bulk of sugar uh huh It don't matter how big a bulk it is interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: if it's one pound or two. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Uh huh interviewer: I see You said that you didn't cook biscuits very much anymore. You know some people when they cook biscuits they like to spread this stuff on them they butter 'em and spread this maybe strawberry or grape? 548: Jelly interviewer: Mm-hmm do you like to do that to yours? 548: Oh boy interviewer: {NW} 548: If I can get somebody else to cook 'em I do. {NW} interviewer: {NW} I guess so what kinds of jelly do you like? 548: Well I like grape jelly or an apple apple jelly well I like almost any kind of jelly. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But them buttered biscuits are so hard {NW} interviewer: I know what you mean {X} What would you say the opposite of rich is if a man don't have much money you say he's real? 548: Poor interviewer: Mm-kay Say that uh talking about something else if you had a lot of fruit trees growing together what would you call that you'd say you had a big? 548: Orchard interviewer: Right any of those around here that you know of? Hadn't seen any? Yeah 548: {X} interviewer: Do people grow any kind of fruit trees around here? 548: Uh uh uh but do you know do you know we from a one tree you can have um like peaches apples and pears made just from one tree. interviewer: From one tree? 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: I didn't know that. 548: You can interviewer: Hmm 548: well you see you can cut off a branch and um well the way I've seen it done they cut off the top of just any finer tree you know just any kind of tree it don't have to be uh a fruit tree. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And cut if off to a big um {X} about that high. And then they took a saw and sawed it down in there. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And and along that thing they'd stick uh uh peach tree branch in there and on the other side an apple tree branch you know around like that. It had four or five different fruits on that one tree. interviewer: Huh 548: When they get it in there they would see that they have to uh take a tape I reckon it look like white tape made to fasten {X} where you cut it down there. Fasten it together right tight on that branch and it will grow right on up and made their fruit just the same but it was a different kind of tree. interviewer: {X} That's pretty convenient to have everything in one tree. 548: Uh huh interviewer: Yeah sure is. 548: You can do it I've seen it done. interviewer: Do you remember what kind of tree it was that George Washington was supposed to cut down? 548: Cherry tree. interviewer: Do you believe that? 548: Do I believe it? interviewer: That story about that. 548: Yeah it's got to be {X}. interviewer: What what do you call that hard inside part of the cherry that you might crack a tooth on if you bit down on it? 548: A seed? interviewer: Mm-hmm What about an inside part of a peach? 548: You can eat that anyway {NW} interviewer: What do you call that? 548: That's a seed interviewer: That's a seed? Do you have these peaches around here where the meat of the peach is real tight against the seed? 548: We get 'em every once and awhile interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: It's so tight and you can hardly get enough of it off the seed to do no good. interviewer: What do you call those kinds of peaches? 548: Man I don't know. interviewer: Have you heard them called plain peach or fresh peach anything like that? 548: No no I ain't never hear them called nothing but really if I know what I'm getting I just go and get one. interviewer: {NW} You have that other type where the seed comes out real easy? 548: Clear seed interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Them them's nice interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I bet they are. What about that part of the apple that's left after you've eaten around it? 548: Core interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever hear of people around her cutting up uh apples and peaches and setting them out to dry? 548: We used to do that. interviewer: What did you use that for? 548: Well we we we cut 'em cut the apples and peaches and you know peeled 'em and cut 'em put 'em on a sheet and had a tin you know pieces of tin out in the yard. {NW} We'd take 'em out there and spread the sheet out on that tin and scatter them out then at night we'd bring 'em in and in the morning we'd carry 'em back again. interviewer: Hmm 548: Until they dry. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Then we would put 'em up and cook. interviewer: Would they would they {NW} say if you left a whole apple out in the sun say it dried and get real wrinkled you know {X} 548: Just shriveled away. interviewer: Something like this is not good for anything is it? 548: Uh uh interviewer: Just have to throw it away. 548: That's right. interviewer: Are there any kinds of nuts that grow around here? 548: Nut? interviewer: Like uh where I'm from these nuts that grow in the ground uh hard shell on 'em. 548: Peanuts interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: {NW} interviewer: Yeah do those grow around here? 548: Well they would if somebody had a garden that would plant 'em. interviewer: Hmm 548: Yeah they would grow. interviewer: But there not a money crop for the farmers or anything like that? 548: Uh uh I don't know when I've seen any peanuts grow. interviewer: Mm-hmm Have you ever heard people call 'em anything besides peanuts? 548: Goobers {NW} interviewer: Right yes 548: Yeah interviewer: Yeah that's a big crop where I'm from. Some farms make their money off 'em. 548: Well where are you from? interviewer: Alabama That's peanut country down there. Sure is. Well what did the farmers around here grow mostly? 548: Well mostly wheat or or cotton or corn or rice other words I think that's about all they grew. interviewer: Yeah 548: There's a place down here {X} where they plant all kinds of stuff you know um {X} a lot of them got but anyway these boys and girls you know they's picks what to raise. The one that raises the best cow or the best uh peanuts or the best whatever it is interviewer: {X} 548: {X} something like that {X} They plant them down there and they give away by truckloads. interviewer: Uh 548: You see I after they raise 'em and grow all kinds of stuff down there. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But I never can find out when they gonna give 'em away I can't get none. interviewer: It would be nice to know. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Yeah {NW} 548: When they get through with 'em maybe just give 'em away to anybody that comes get 'em. interviewer: Do you have any kind of uh these trees that you know got nuts growing on 'em uh sort of like {X} 548: Hickory nuts? interviewer: Got some of those trees around here? 548: Um I seen none in years I don't know what. interviewer: Hmm What about pecan trees? 548: Yeah there's lots of pecan trees around here. But I don't know just every two or three years they make pecans. interviewer: Hmm 548: Then there's a year or two they don't make none. interviewer: Hmm Got any walnut? Don't have any of those? 548: Not that I know of. interviewer: What's that? 548: Walnuts interviewer: I see you ever heard of uh uh nut called an almond? 548: Almond? interviewer: Yes ma'am {X} 548: No I don't I don't hear {X} well I haven't seen none I don't think. interviewer: When you were telling me about your garden uh you did mention a little vegetable usually kinda round and red got a hot peppery taste to it some people make this horse uh? 548: Radish interviewer: You ever grow grow those things? 548: But interviewer: Before they're radishes Right here? 548: That ain't what that's made out of is it? interviewer: What? 548: Horse radish made out of radish. interviewer: I meant I meant horse radish you ever heard of that? 548: Yeah I heard of it. interviewer: Uh Do you have uh this citrus fruit growing around here uh got a lot of seeds in it. Like a lot of it grows in Florida. 548: No interviewer: Yeah 548: Not that I know of interviewer: Mm-hmm Don;t have any oranges growing here? 548: Uh uh not an orange tree in this in Mississippi not that I know of. interviewer: Hmm I see. You what about the different kinds of berries that grow around here? 548: Mm-hmm dewberries interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: or black berry interviewer: Got any {NW} Excuse me got any strawberries? 548: Yeah some people's got a few strawberries. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: They will grow here yeah. interviewer: Mm-hmm Let me ask you about this expression say {NW} if a man had seven boys and seven girls in his family you'd say he sure had a whole? 548: Bunch of interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah a whole bunch of children? Or something else you might say um he's gotta whole? 548: Crowd of children. interviewer: Yeah 548: I'll tell you {X} interviewer: {NW} What's the most children you ever heard of in one family? 548: Twenty some interviewer: Twenty? Just one family? 548: Uh huh interviewer: Is it somebody you knew? 548: It's uh huh Mr. Park and Ms. Park Mr. Park married and um him and his first wife had a bunch of children and he married another woman and they had another bunch by her. interviewer: He had twenty children? 548: Mm-hmm he did by them two women. interviewer: I wonder if they were all at the house at the same time. 548: No uh uh interviewer: {NW} 548: {NW} No I {X} interviewer: Mm-hmm man I can't imagine that. 548: There's uh man goes over yonder I I forgot how many he has but he's got just about that many {D} He said you know they give the old folks the oldest man that comes over there Father's Day they they give him a treat of some kind and he had to tell how many kids he had he told his wife that I wish I hadn't come today and she say why because I had {X} kids interviewer: Yeah 548: And she said well you not ashamed of them are you? He said no I ain't ashamed of 'em but he had the most kids of anybody there. interviewer: Mm-hmm You ever hear somebody say or so and so just got a whole passel of kids? 548: Yeah I've heard 'em say that too. interviewer: Is that they way they would say it? 548: Yeah interviewer: How's that? 548: Uh oh oh oh so and so's got a whole passel of kids. interviewer: {NW} Well say if you on the way to go to the store to get you some lettuce you'd tell me to go get? Two or three? 548: Heads of lettuce interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah Have you ever heard somebody would say that he has so many heads of children? 548: No interviewer: Hadn't heard that? 548: No interviewer: Talking about corn when corn's growing that stuff that grows right out of the top of the stalk what do you call that? 548: Silk interviewer: Hmm 548: Corn silk interviewer: Is that like the stuff you have to brush off the ear? 548: Mm-hmm you know it comes out of the ear you know while it's making uh {X} interviewer: Right what about the stuff that grows right out of the top of the stock? 548: I always called it tassel. interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah and {X} {X} that's your neighbor? 548: Uh-huh she was going in over there {X} 548: And she had been to the store to get the kids a cold drink interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: and on the way back there was um a grown negro boy had grabbed her purse interviewer: Oh 548: and so she wouldn't turn loose and he wouldn't turn loose. So he had snatch her down cause she wouldn't turn that purse loose. And so they snatched backwards and forwards and broke her cold drink finally he got the purse. interviewer: Hmm 548: And she said people were standing there and were looking at her and nobody wouldn't offer to help. interviewer: Really? 548: That's right. interviewer: Hmm 548: And then there was a woman a working at night and back down here at the old mill road um anyway she started getting through that going home and her gas give out. She got out and walked from there to the service station at night to get her some gas. Then on the way back she met a bunch of teenage boys niggers. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And and they uh made her pour that gas all over herself interviewer: Hmm 548: and then they struck a match to her. And she she couldn't get nobody to help her she run in a nigger juke joint. interviewer: Hmm 548: And a nigger man pulled his coat off and wrapped her up in it interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: and put it out but she's she was burnt so bad. Well she lived to tell you know what happened interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: but she died. And there's several things that went on here just like that. {NW} Bad I'm tel- you feel bad. interviewer: Terrible 548: And bad interviewer: What do you reckon colored people would want to be called now-a-days? 548: Blacks or colored people. My God don't call 'em a nigger not to their face. interviewer: That get 'em mad? 548: They don't like that interviewer: Yeah {NW} 548: They say a nigger is a low class um people. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I don't see where the no lower class uh no none the rest of them now are niggers. interviewer: Have you ever heard one get mad at a white person and call them anything? 548: Um I don't believe I have. interviewer: Like um peckerwood or cracker or something like that? 548: No I haven't but they would but they do they call 'em everything but I don't mess with niggers. Cause I know they're dangerous. {X} sometimes um or keep the salvation army place they have well more niggers than they did whites up there in little old colored boys would tell 'em a white man's boys that would run in the salvation army tell that white man's boys God'll forgive you cause you're white. You know you talk to them white boys that way. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I tell you people had to take a lot off of and the government stands up for 'em and takes care of 'em. A white person does not hurt no nigger. Or they'll hang you up on the {X}. interviewer: {NW} Get into it huh? 548: Yeah interviewer: Have you ever heard of a you know like if uh white a white man married a black woman something like that if they had a baby. Have you ever heard it called anything in particular? 548: Well all I know it's a half nigger and half white. That's going on right here in this town. interviewer: Yeah? 548: That's right. interviewer: Hmm 548: And they got it look like nigger hair but it ain't that straw you know it ain't it's just as soft. When you just look at it it looks like niggers' hair. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Net and in the in the kids look like you know mixed got a white woman for a momma and that nigger man's as black as tar. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Oh wee lord have mercy. interviewer: But the babies are real light skinned? 548: Uh huh real light. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: You can't tell much difference in 'em except in their lips. You know a colored person's got thicker lips you know. You can tell. That's just about the only thing you can tell about 'em interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: and their hair. interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah You know uh have you ever seen have you ever been in town when cun- people from the country were coming to town maybe on a Saturday or something like that and the peop- the city folks would kind of make fun of 'em? 548: Yeah interviewer: #1 Cause of the way they looked or something like that? # 548: #2 Uh huh # interviewer: #1 # 548: #2 # Cause they wasn't dressed right or something. Yep I've seen it happen lots of times. People make fun of other people I don't I don't believe in that. interviewer: Have you ever heard 'em call 'em anything like he's just an old? 548: Country boy or country girl or something like that. Or maybe different things I don't know. interviewer: Have you ever heard people say something like he's just an old country hoosier? 548: Yeah I hear that too. interviewer: How would they say that? 548: He's nothing but an old country hoosier. interviewer: It's not very nice is it? 548: No interviewer: Hurt your feelings. 548: Uh uh cause ain't nobody can help out the {X} ain't right. interviewer: So have you ever heard the word redneck used? 548: Oh good gracious yeah. interviewer: What does that mean? 548: Well these a I really don't know but one thing it's uh people from Louisiana they tell me they call them rednecks now what what it means I don't know. interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you reckon a redneck is somebody from the country? Or just from Louisiana? 548: I don't know that but they call them rednecks {X} interviewer: Have you ever heard people call 'em Cajuns? Is that the same thing? 548: Yeah that's the same thing. {X} they called them everything I guess interviewer: {NW} But mostly you've heard just what are the ones you hear mostly? 548: Mostly hear redneck. interviewer: Redneck 548: My daughter married one of them. interviewer: He's from Louisiana? 548: Yeah Morgan City Louisiana. interviewer: Is that where they live now? 548: Uh huh interviewer: {NW} What does he do for a living? 548: He's a welder. interviewer: A welder I see. Well before we got off on that I was asking you about corn. What do you call that outside cover over your corn? 548: Shuck interviewer: Mm-hmm is that good for anything or? 548: Yeah interviewer: Just 548: Good for cow feed mule feed or anything like that. Or I have stripped it up and made necklaces out of it. interviewer: Really? 548: When they get dried you know. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: Of course you had to strip it up you know and get that hard knot out of there. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Get that out and make your necklace out of it. It lays good. interviewer: Hmm Have you ever made up something on the floor for children to sleep on over night? 548: Uh padded uh huh interviewer: Did you make that out of corn shucks? 548: Yeah uh huh you would put down your {X} um you know {X} like mattress. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Make it down in the floor interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: course if you put them shucks down there they scatter so they wouldn't have {X} interviewer: {NW} Have you ever slept on one of those? 548: Yeah and I've even got out in the field and pulled grass and made mattresses out of it. interviewer: Hmm 548: That's actually a good mattress. interviewer: Mm-hmm Yes ma'am 548: But now-a-days you don't have to do that. interviewer: Yeah you ever see these great big orange things growing around here that people make jack-o-lanterns out of at Halloween? 548: Pumpkins interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: No they don't grow around here but you see them up there in the store everywhere. interviewer: Have you ever eaten any pumpkin pie? 548: I bet you it would be good though. interviewer: It is it's pretty good. {X} for dessert not bad. Do you ev- ever see these little things growing wild in your yard its gotta silk stalk to it and kind of wide at the top? 548: Mushroom interviewer: Yeah 548: {NW} interviewer: Can you eat those things? 548: I wouldn't interviewer: Not good to eat? 548: They's wild that grows in the yard um but they you can get 'em canned mushrooms that's already canned but they're not them. Cause you raised them. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: There's a difference I don't know how much but I'd be afraid to eat 'em anyway. interviewer: Have you ever heard people call them anything besides mushrooms? 548: Toad stew. interviewer: Yeah {NW} Is that the same thing? 548: Same thing toad stew. interviewer: Yeah what about these things that some people smoke they're not smokey they're? 548: Cigarettes? interviewer: Mm-hmm or these long brown thick ones kind of those 548: Cigars interviewer: Right Do you ever smoke? 548: Never did interviewer: Me either I don't see the appeal to tell you the truth. 548: Mm-hmm I used to do snuff. interviewer: Oh really? Is that is that tobacco? 548: Yeah it's tobacco but it's ground up it's in a box. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: You ain't never seen none? interviewer: I've seen it I just didn't know exactly what it was. 548: It's it's ground up and powder but it's in the box interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: and it tastes different than tobacco. I used to do it through the 90s and did that stuff {X} I had to have that good snuff. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But when I was baptized uh uh interviewer: So you had to cut that out? 548: Yes I did. interviewer: Was it just cause it's not good for you or what? 548: Oh snuff ain't too bad on on you but I don't think I had the right knowing. interviewer: Oh I see. 548: Um cause the Lord says what you loosed on Earth will be loosed in hell. But if you what ain't loosed on Earth you gonna carry to heaven with you so if you go up their and still are habit to that snuff you still got that habit to carry with you. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: I've got {X} to mine. {NW} interviewer: Does your husband ever snuff? 548: He sure did dipped snuff and chewed tobacco me and him both drunk beer. We laid it all down though. interviewer: Oh he stopped smoking too? 548: Yeah he stopped smoking and and got got uh the holy ghost back got resaved again and the very day he got it back he died. interviewer: Hmm 548: The day he's baptized. Well the preacher said there that night before he died the next day he says well the preacher told me say there that the Lord showed me something tonight I got to tell Bud that was my husbands brother he was the holiest preacher and his wife says uh he in their don't go in and bother him he's sick and Henry said well I got to tell him since my Lord told me too. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And uh so he went down and told mules my husband he said well Bud says the Lord showed me tonight you need to be prayed up packed up ready to go and be baptized at the quickest minute because he's coming at it. interviewer: Hmm 548: And so that was Friday night and uh so my husband couldn't wait 'til Sunday and there wasn't gonna be baptize 'til Sunday he just couldn't wait just looked like he just wired just couldn't wait 'til Sunday but he did. And uh when he's baptized he died right their on the bank. interviewer: Hmm 548: But that uh holy expression say the Lord told him to tell him that he's coming after to be baptized as quick as he could. interviewer: MHmm 548: Sure died just wait to be baptized. interviewer: Hmm Had he been going to church all along uh 548: Uh uh we had just quit church. And we had just started back two or three times and uh so he went in the church with me two or three nights before he died and he got up and started down the church and he was in bad shape sick you know. And I started out with him and he kept bothering me to go back go back. Well I went back in there and half the church had gone out I went on out before he even left and he says you know if I hadn't gone out right when I did the devil would have killed me right there on the floor. interviewer: Hmm 548: He didn't go back in the church to ask the Lord cause he went from there uh to the he didn't go back in that church anymore but he went was baptized. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: So when he's baptized he got back to the Lord anyway. interviewer: Have you ever heard of these things that people claim they see around graveyards and they're afraid of 'em? 548: Haunts interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Haints or whatever interviewer: Do you believe in those things? 548: Yes I do. interviewer: Mm-hmm You ever seen one? 548: I bet you don't. interviewer: No I don't really {NW} You ever seen one? 548: Yeah interviewer: Where about? 548: I've seen things that didn't look didn't look right. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: um well us us three girls were sleeping in one bed and my momma was sleeping off in another room my mom and dad and um so their was a woman come in the middle door out of mama's room and we thought it was her and so where I was laying I was the middle I was the brave you know and I I punched my other sisters you know to look and we {X} seen it. No I told them what I seen and they went to {X} But I I laid right there and watched her come. Had a big old shiny thing thing around her head you know. It looked like she was floating she wasn't walking She was floating you know with a great big long white dress on. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And she come up on my older sisters side of the bed and just as just as she stood like this I hollered mom just as loud as I could. Oh she gone just like that. interviewer: Hmm 548: But momma she answered and I ask her was she was she in there and she says I ain't been in there. She got up and come on in there {X}. It wasn't momma. interviewer: Hmm that's strange. 548: That's strange interviewer: Is that the only one you've ever seen? 548: That's the that's about the only one I ever seen yeah. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Um but they tell tell me there is people that's born with a v- veil over their face they can see things And there's people that hadn't been born with a veil on their face that can't see. So I don't know. interviewer: Hmm 548: But I know I have seen I've seen that and I know it wasn't real too. interviewer: Have you have you ever heard of those things getting inside a house? You say the house was? 548: Haunted interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Uh huh momma told us more things about such as that. When when my grandpa died before my grandpa died um he had lots of horses and uh big farm and oh just had plenty of everything and he had a lot of money then and uh so he had the old shop but he built him a new one and grandma said uh he was working on that new shop and she went out to get her some chips to cook with and see him sitting down against the wall and one leg straightened out and the other drawed up cause he had dropped over between his legs. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And she {X} around to keep waking him up. And she got near back to the house and she she couldn't go past she had to turn around and go back and when she did he had a bleeding hemorrhage you know out from his head now and he was like near dead and in a few minutes he did die interviewer: Hmm 548: and um so he always had his mules and cows and things brought in at night put in the barn and taken care of. And after he died they never did bring them up or nothing and um so in that yard I was about two years old or uh not over three. And uh so something come out behind the rose bush like a white dog and we just go right over that big old pile of wood you know and hills you know they just kept big piles of wood just floating over that wood you know didn't ever use {X}. interviewer: Hmm 548: And go out there and hammer in that shop all night long and uh so my my daddy says I have found out what what it is tonight and so sure enough here he went up there with his gun and it loaded interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: and uh so that night from around that same rose bush come a little um like uh wild {X} or something just a little white thing looked like a pocket hand a little white thing out and around that bush and papa shot it and it turned to uh a man and and that was stolen and I ain't telling no story. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And then and then after it turned to a man it just kept floating right on up over that pile of wood you know right on in that shop and hammered all night. interviewer: Hmm 548: Papa he went out and fell across the bed you know he liked snuff tobacco. interviewer: Hmm 548: He said I've never seen nothing else last night I know what it is. He said back then he shot something he know. He didn't have no business to. {X} choked it instead. interviewer: Strange 548: Yeah but it he didn't believe it either until he shot it he knows then it wasn't real. interviewer: Yeah Hmm I meant to ask you a minute ago when were talking about going fishing some people use these little fish for bait. Uh huh 548: minnows interviewer: Mm-hmm do you ever do you you said that you went fishing some? 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Do you do you like to use worms or minnows? 548: I never did use minnows. When I went I always had to use worms. interviewer: Mm-hmm They were a little bit better? 548: I believe they stay on the hook longer. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Cause a fish makes one dash and a minnow it's gone. interviewer: {NW} yeah that's true. You have some you have some of the worm left. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Yeah 548: Yeah they nibble and nibble on that worm. More than likely he will get caught while he's getting that worm off. interviewer: Right {NW} that would be right. So you were telling me about the different kinds of trees that grow around here uh I meant to ask you if you had any sycamore? 548: I don't know if there know of interviewer: Is that what people call 'em though? 548: Yeah interviewer: You've heard them called that before? 548: Yeah there's sycamore trees but I don't know is there none around here. interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah What about these trees that had these shiny green leaves and these big bright flowers? {X} 548: Dogwood interviewer: Well yeah dogwoods or uh uh magnolia. 548: There's lots of magnolia. And there's dogwoods over yonder in that church yard where we eat lunch everyday. interviewer: Mm-hmm I see have you ever heard of a bush around here called a sumac or sumac or shumake anything like that? 548: Seem like I've heard about shumaker bush interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: seem like I have. interviewer: Does it got red berries on it? 548: Yes there's several bushes around here with red berries on 'em. interviewer: Mm-hmm called shumake? 548: Uh huh interviewer: I see have you ever gotten any of this stuff that uh you get into it and it'll make your skin break out and itch? 548: Poison ivy interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah have you ever gotten any of that stuff? 548: No it ain't never hurt me interviewer: Hmm 548: it hurts my sister but not me. interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that the same thing as poison oak? 548: Yeah poison oak or poison ivy is the same thing. interviewer: All the same thing I see. I meant to ask you when we were talking about the different kinds of berries that grow around here do you have any raspberries? 548: I hadn't saw any. interviewer: Is that what people would call 'em? 548: I reckon I have never saw any I don't know. interviewer: What's that? 548: Raspberry interviewer: Oh have you ever heard of any kind of plant called the rhododendron? Hadn't heard of that? 548: No interviewer: Okay I'm gonna ask you a few things that have to do with family say a woman whose husband had died 548: Yes interviewer: you say she's a? 548: Widow interviewer: Have you ever heard of any name for a woman whose husband hasn't died he just up and left? He's just taken off. 548: She's still a widow. interviewer: Really? I guess so {NW} yeah 548: I don't know whether that's {X} or not. interviewer: Have you ever heard people say a grass widow? 548: Grass widow yeah I heard of that. interviewer: You heard of that. Yeah I see I wonder why they call 'em grass widows. 548: {NW} I couldn't tell you. interviewer: Yeah what about uh a little boy that's uh is known by a name just within his family? 548: Uh huh interviewer: He say that they gave him a? Not a real name but they just call him something else. 548: Nickname interviewer: Yeah Did did you have one or any of your brothers and sisters? 548: Uh uh interviewer: Didn't have any like that? 548: Uh uh none of us did. They called us by our name and we better answer. interviewer: {NW} Right yeah. Have you ever seen these things that uh they have wheels on 'em and you can put a baby in 'em and take 'em around you know. 548: Baby buggy yeah. I didn't ever own one but I've seen lots of 'em. interviewer: You see people going around? 548: Uh huh baby buggy interviewer: If you had one what would you say you were going to do? Uh I believe I'll put the baby in the buggy and go out and? 548: Go out and ride the baby awhile. interviewer: Uh huh I see yeah. Let me ask you about this expression say uh a woman who's about to have a baby 548: Uh huh interviewer: you say she's? 548: She's pregnant. interviewer: Mm-hmm Can you remember a time when it wasn't polite to use that word? 548: Yes sir I I remember back yonder when it wasn't polite at all. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Now-a-days they'll say anything. interviewer: {NW} So what did people say back then? 548: She might've kept her mouth shut. interviewer: Oh {NW} just didn't say anything about it at all. 548: No not kid wasn't supposed to know nothing about that. Well maybe the maybe the husband or maybe one of your neighbors or but don't say nothing around no kids or around no men or nothing. No that was terrible. But not now-a-days. Somebody's going around I don't know. interviewer: Did you ever hear of people say she's in the family way? 548: Uh huh I heard that too. interviewer: Is that the way they'd say it? 548: Yeah interviewer: Like how? 548: She's in the family way. interviewer: I see. You know if you if somebody was having a baby and there wasn't a doctor around or was there ever anybody to help out? 548: Midwife. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That that's all I ever had. interviewer: Is that right? 548: Midwife interviewer: When you had your children? 548: I had several and all I had was a midwife. interviewer: Is this just a neighbor or somebody that lives close by? 548: No it was just a real uh midwife she waited on herself with two sets of twins. Herself and then they give a license. And uh interviewer: Oh you mean she delivered her own 548: Her own babies interviewer: {NW} 548: Two sets of twins. interviewer: I don't see how she managed that. 548: I don't know either. She just kind of {X} a hand of this and a hand of that. So she she tended to her own them babies herself. interviewer: Wow 548: And then she called her doctor. And he come in and give her a license. interviewer: Really? 548: To be a midwife. interviewer: Well did you pay those people something for helping out? 548: Very little at that time you know about ten or fifteen dollars something like that is all they'll charge. And that that's why I had to have midwife I didn't have money for to go to a doctor. interviewer: Mm-hmm I see. Did they do you are these midwives still around? 548: Yeah some of 'em here. But this one I know she's gone for now. But they sure do help out though. interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} if that's the one person you have. 548: Ain't that the truth. But but she called a woman in trouble you know and she couldn't have that baby she'd have to call the doctor. interviewer: Oh yeah 548: And the doctor had to come to her. interviewer: Yeah I see. Let me ask you about this expression say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father 548: Uh huh interviewer: and maybe his nose is shaped about the same you say that that boy? 548: Favors his daddy. interviewer: Yeah alright. Would would you say the same thing maybe if the boy uh inherited his daddy's bad habits? 548: Yeah he's just like his daddy. interviewer: Just like his daddy yeah. {NW} Alright what about this um a child that's born to an unmarried woman. 548: Uh huh interviewer: What would that be? Have you ever heard him called anything in particular? 548: Well I I don't know whether they're lying or not but I've always heard 'em called a bastard. interviewer: Sure 548: That's what I all I've ever heard interviewer: Mm-hmm right have you ever heard anything besides that uh oh maybe like people call it an outside child or {X} 548: No I ain't hear them say nothing like that I hear them say say woman just you know that child the momma just got out and just picked 'em up you know. interviewer: Yeah 548: Or everything all kinds of things. interviewer: Mm-hmm What about 548: And it's not the child's fault to start with. It's his momma. interviewer: Mm-hmm that's true sure is. Somebody was telling me something about that one time I don't know I can't remember what she said. But it had to do with what you were talking about it wasn't the child's fault it was the parent's fault. 548: Yeah interviewer: I can't remember what she said. {X} Oh if I think of it I'll tell you. 548: They didn't they didn't ask to be brought in this world I imagine that's what she's thinking. interviewer: Yeah something like that. Okay what about this say if uh if you had a brother and he had a son that son would be your? 548: Mm interviewer: Like if you had a brother and he had a daughter that would be your niece. 548: Yeah interviewer: So the boy would be your? 548: Nephew interviewer: Sure what about the child you know both of his parents had died what would he be called? 548: Orphan interviewer: What about an adult that's appointed to look after him that would be his? 548: Guardian interviewer: Yes ma'am What and say talking about people like your uh uncles or cousins and people like that say if you had all those people in your house you'd say that the house was full of your? 548: Kin folk interviewer: Mm-hmm alright You got a lot of kin folk? Not too many? 548: I have two here I have two boys here in town you've seen whether they'll be here today or not. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Maybe they {X} interviewer: Did I ask you if you had any brothers or sisters? How many do you have? 548: I haven't got but two living. interviewer: Two living yeah. Where do they live now? 548: One of them lives over there on grove street {BEEP} and um {BEEP} that's my other she lives over here on the south {X} where I moved from. interviewer: Oh yeah 548: That's about all I got left two sisters. interviewer: Do y'all ever visit each other much or anything like that? 548: Not much interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: When that one when that came she works on a boat she's younger way younger than I am but she cooks on a boat and and drank she drank so much I just don't think she interviewer: Hmm 548: And Willy may down there she ain't uh well she's married again but she's got um sugar diabetes and high blood you know. Well she ain't able to visit and her husband can't seem to drive anyway. But she don't get to come see me. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But here I am I ain't got no way to go up there. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: But we don't get to visit either. interviewer: Yeah I see. But what about this expression if I was telling you about somebody that I saw that looked a lot like you you might say well that maybe so but actually I no to her? 548: No kin to her. interviewer: Mm-hmm And what would you call somebody who comes into town that nobody's ever seen before you say he's a? 548: Stranger interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah sure. What about someone from another country who's come in? 548: Still a stranger I guess that's all I can think off. interviewer: Would you ever call 'em a foreigner or something like that? 548: I might. interviewer: Mm-hmm Mm-kay I want to ask you about some names for women say a woman's first name begins with a M? Say for example the mother of Jesus in the bible? 548: Mary interviewer: Uh huh Mm-kay do you remember what George Washington's wife was named? 548: No interviewer: Yeah Martha 548: Martha? interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: I don't know uh I don't know much about the Bible I can't read it. interviewer: Okay what about what about a woman's name that begins with an N? 548: In the bible? interviewer: Well not necessarily just anybody. 548: Well for N Nancy. interviewer: Uh huh sure or {D:Neb}? 548: Yeah Nancy interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Or Nell interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah 548: Well there's lots of things that could go with that. interviewer: You know anybody named Nelly? 548: No interviewer: Or anybody with that name? 548: No interviewer: How would you say that? 548: Nelly interviewer: Mm-hmm that's right. What about a boy's name that begins with a B? 548: Bobby interviewer: Sure 548: Or what what is it they call a male goat? A what kind of goat? Billy interviewer: {NW} 548: A billy goat interviewer: Yeah Have you ever known anybody that raised goats? 548: No interviewer: I usually hear those things really smell terrible. 548: I bet they do but I don't know. interviewer: I knew somebody who kept 'em just to keep his grass cut. But uh 548: I wouldn't put up with that just to keep my grass cut. interviewer: Right okay What about a mans name that begins with an M? Like maybe Matt is the short for? 548: Matt? interviewer: Matt like you know in the Bible the four gospels were Mark Luke John and? 548: John? interviewer: Or Matthew? 548: Matthew yeah interviewer: Did you ever know anybody by the name of that? 548: No interviewer: Okay 548: I sure am. interviewer: What about a woman's name that begins with an S? 548: Suzie interviewer: Mm-hmm Suzie or uh 548: Sue um I guess that's all I can think of right quick. interviewer: Sarah? 548: Sarah that's right. interviewer: Okay hav- have you ever heard of uh well what would you call a woman who teachers school she would be a? 548: School teacher interviewer: Have you ever heard anyone call it a schoolmarm? 548: Mm-hmm I sure have. interviewer: Is that kind of an old fashioned name or you still hear it? 548: It must be old fashioned. interviewer: How do you say it? 548: Schoolmarm interviewer: Yes ma'am Don't hear it much anymore? 548: Sure don't. interviewer: Have you ever heard of uh say a preacher who really wasn't trained to be a preacher he does something else for a living and he's really not all that good at it have you ever heard him called anything in particular? 548: They try to make a living as a preacher? interviewer: Yes ma'am but not all that good at it and he does something else for a living too. 548: I don't believe I can tell you that. interviewer: Have you ever heard people say a jackleg preacher? 548: Yeah I've heard that. interviewer: {NW} How do they say that? What would they say? 548: They say he's a jackleg preacher. interviewer: What does that mean? 548: Well it means he just just don't know what he's doing. interviewer: Yeah yeah 548: And when I hear a preacher I know whether he's got {X} or not. interviewer: Have you ever heard a jackleg preacher? 548: Uh huh interviewer: {NW} Where down at your church? 548: No I hadn't heard one down there in yet interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: um I heard uh several um oh I can't think of it in in the valley they said that um they would rule the world some day. Catholics uh other words uh one of them Catholic boys said um said that he went with a bunch of boys to Jesus named church one night well I and says I went down there to give 'em told He says I was really gonna tell 'em something He says I went down there with um and said boy when I opened that door says I know God wasn't gonna tell on them. interviewer: Hmm 548: He said I had half what they got. He said I went right at that alter and got it. And now he's a preacher. interviewer: Hmm 548: He's a good too. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And so there's another {X} and that was uh another woman Catholic boys you know other boys you know just a bunch of boys. Some of us going to church and kept on and got these boys to go. And when they went they got to all go. interviewer: Hmm 548: And man you ought to hear 'em. What are you? interviewer: Me? 548: Yeah interviewer: Methodist I'm not Catholic {NW} 548: And uh you just ought hear 'em talk about you know uh what they do in that Catholic church. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And said that they wasn't allowed to do nothing just slip in there and just sit down and be quiet you know and not say nothing. And uh that little uh I reckon it's what they think about Jesus. Jesus ain't dead he's alive. But uh that little thing he says well nobody allowed to handle that or touch it no no. But the priest and then he put on those big old long robe you know and put them things over his hand and he can handle it you know. interviewer: Right 548: And he said the priest come in that day and ta- told him to go put on uh that what ever they call it that old long robe and things over his hands and come to hold his hat. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And he says I was privileged to hold his hat that day. interviewer: Yeah 548: And uh and he says I thought I was really something cause I got to hold his hat. And so he wound up down there and and taked off those shirts {X}. {NW} interviewer: It works in strange ways doesn't it? 548: Yes it do. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Sure do. But man it's awful. Anybody well it's it's alright they think they get by with it. That's up to them. interviewer: {X} {NW} What what relation would my mother's sister be to me that would be? 548: Your mother's sister? interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Be your aunt. interviewer: Okay and say if my father had a brother named William that would be my? 548: Your uncle interviewer: Yeah and if his name was William it'd be my? If I wanted to use his name I'd call him my? 548: Uncle William. interviewer: Sure and if I had one named John that would be my? 548: Uncle John interviewer: Do you remember uh what do people around here call the War between the North and the South that happened you know over a hundred years ago? 548: World War One interviewer: Well earlier than that. 548: Well really I don't know. interviewer: Well have you heard people call it the Civil War? 548: Oh yes I be hearing that too. interviewer: Is that the way they say it? 548: Yep Civil War. interviewer: I see 548: Yeah I've heard it uh but I just forgotten what it was. interviewer: Do you ever remember hearing about a man {NW} who fought in it named Robert E Lee? 548: Yep interviewer: Do you remember what they called him for his what he was in the army his rank? 548: No interviewer: Like uh General Lee or do you remember hearing that? 548: No but he was a general wasn't he? interviewer: Yes ma'am yeah and did you ever watch TV and see this advertisement that comes on for Kentucky Fried Chicken? 548: Yeah interviewer: Do you remember that man who the old man in the white suit with the beard? 548: Yeah interviewer: Remember his name? 548: Not {X} interviewer: Was it Sanders uh 548: Colonel Sanders interviewer: {NW} Well uh do you watch TV much? 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: What do you like to watch mostly? 548: Well them old quiz shows like Let's Make a Deal and uh Price is Right you know. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And uh Family Feud things like that. interviewer: Do they come on in the morning or? 548: In the morning uh huh. They come on in the morning. But then uh them other shows day time I don't like. interviewer: Oh soap operas? 548: Uh huh I don't like them. But at night at night uh like uh the Wolf boy and um and that old oh what's it that old man that that plays with them animals. I can't think of his name. interviewer: Uh Wild Kingdom? 548: I like that too. Well any way any kind that's got wild animals on it I like that. interviewer: My brother got started watching those soap operas he would he would just come home from lunch you know and he'd seat down in front of the TV and after awhile he got hooked on 'em {NW}. He started following 'em and watching 'em regularly. 548: Oh interviewer: I kid him about it. 548: Yeah well by the well now he'll come just as natural as he you won't miss 'em. interviewer: {NW} My grandma was like that. She liked to watch her 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: her programs or soap operas. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: I don't think they're too interesting myself really. 548: No well what do you do anyway? interviewer: I'm a student. Going to school still in school. 548: Well this gonna help you out. interviewer: Sure is 548: I hope so interviewer: It will. What would you what would you call a man who's in charge of a ship you'd say he's the? 548: Captain interviewer: Mm-kay and what about a man who's in charge of the county court? You'd say he's the? 548: Judge interviewer: Mm-kay And a lady that works for a man she does his typing and filing and all that? 548: Book keeper interviewer: Mm-hmm or anything besides that? 548: Secretary interviewer: Mm-kay {NW} what about a a lady who appears in movies or on TV or on stage you'd say she's a? 548: Actor interviewer: Mm-kay or what about somebody like you and me who's born in the United States you'd say we are both? We're not Germans or Russians you'd say we're both? 548: You've got me again. interviewer: Amer- 548: Americans interviewer: Okay {NW} Okay I want to ask you about what you call some parts of the body. Like this part right here what do you call that? 548: Forehead interviewer: Mm-hmm okay and all of this this is my? 548: Hair interviewer: And if I let it grow out on my face I'm growing? 548: A goatee interviewer: Okay or if I let it all grow out? 548: Whisker interviewer: Sure or something else that begins with a B? 548: This is side burns. interviewer: Right okay 548: And this is whiskers. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And this is goatee. interviewer: Goatee or what about the whole lower part of your face? 548: I don't know what you'd call the whole thing? interviewer: {NW} Beard do you call it that? 548: Call the whole thing just beard huh? interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Okay interviewer: What about this right here that's my? 548: Ear interviewer: Which one that's my? 548: Right ear interviewer: Yeah and this is my? 548: Left interviewer: Okay and {NW} this right here? 548: Throat interviewer: Yeah what about this thing that moves up and down? That you can see on some people. 548: {X} Let me see it move Oh {X} interviewer: Hmm 548: What I always hear it called. interviewer: Do you ever hear it called the Adam's apple? The goozle 548: Yeah I heard oh yeah. interviewer: Which one? 548: Ad- uh Adam's apple. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: That's what interviewer: Have you ever heard that word goozle? 548: Uh uh interviewer: Hadn't heard that 548: No {NW} you went all up in the books before I start interviewer: {NW} Okay what about this right here that's just one? 548: Teeth interviewer: And just one of that be a? 548: Tooth interviewer: Okay what about this part of your hand right here? 548: Palm interviewer: Uh huh and you make a? 548: Fist interviewer: And got two? 548: Two fists. interviewer: Okay when sometimes when people get older they complain that they're getting stiff in their? 548: Joints interviewer: Yeah do you have that problem? What do you call that disease uh? You get the that affects your joints? 548: Arthritis interviewer: Mm-hmm Have you ever heard that called anything else? 548: neuritis or I reckon I reckon that's about all. interviewer: Rheumatism? 548: Yeah well it's been it's called lots of things but it's all the same thing. interviewer: Mm-hmm Rheumatism is the same thing as? 548: Arthritis neuritis all are the same thing. interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah Have you ever heard of a disease that made your skin turn yellow and your eyeballs turn yellow? 548: Yeah uh hepatitis interviewer: Called what now? 548: Hepatitis interviewer: Hmm 548: That's what they call it here. interviewer: Hmm 548: a ja- jaundice that's what it is. interviewer: But they called it? 548: hepatitis interviewer: hepatitis here 548: And it was yellow jaundice back in the early days. interviewer: Huh did you ever did you ever no anybody that got that? 548: Yes I've got a grandson over there that had it. And he had to stay in the hospital three weeks with it. interviewer: Hmm 548: He already had um I can't tell you what it is something eating his lungs up you know like a cancer but it's not cancer. It's just the doctor said he rather have a cancer. He said it would let you die But said this here won't do that linger on and linger on eating eating his lungs up you know. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Uh interviewer: Not leukemia? 548: Uh uh interviewer: {X} 548: Uh uh I often remember what it is but I can't I can't remember when I ought to. interviewer: Did you ever hear of a disease that children used to get they'd get these sores in their throat and their throat would close up? Wouldn't be able to breathe. 548: Diphtheria interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you did you know anybody that got that? 548: Yeah I knew way back yonder but not lately. interviewer: Mm-hmm they don't get that anymore. 548: Uh uh not as I know of. interviewer: Yeah say if if I had gotten a real bad pain right about here I might be having an attack of? 548: Appendicitis interviewer: Yeah do did you ever have that or anything like it? 548: I hadn't had no operations of no kind. Thank the Lord for that. interviewer: Yeah okay getting back to the parts of the body you call the upper part of the man's body that's his? 548: Chest interviewer: Yes ma'am okay. And this is my right? 548: Hand interviewer: Yeah uh what about that that's my right? 548: Foot interviewer: Mm-kay do you ever call this part of your leg near right here anything? 548: Shin interviewer: Yeah did you ever bump that into anything? 548: Oh my goodness did that hurt. interviewer: {NW} Yeah it sure does. It really stings. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Yeah what about this part of your leg right here you ever heard that? 548: Calf of the leg. interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah what about say if a little boy wanted to try to scare me if he was gonna hide behind the couch you'd say he had to do what so I couldn't see him? 548: Hide where you can't see 'em. interviewer: Right sorta so he had to do what? He couldn't stand up he'd have to? 548: He'd have to hide where you can't see him. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And then he would scare you. interviewer: In other words he had to squat? 548: Yeah interviewer: Is that what you would say? 548: Yeah interviewer: Do what? 548: He'll have to squat where you can't see him. interviewer: He'd have to squat down on his? 548: Knees where you can't see him. interviewer: Ever heard of that part of your leg called your haunches? 548: {NW} interviewer: Or your hunkers? 548: No {NW} interviewer: Hadn't heard that? 548: No interviewer: You haven't heard somebody say instead of squat down he had to hunker down? 548: {NW} I believe I hear that a time or two somewhere I don't know where. interviewer: Which one? 548: Hunker down interviewer: Hunker down? 548: Uh huh interviewer: Yeah sounds kind of funny doesn't it? 548: Yes it does {NW} interviewer: Okay yeah. What about this expression you have a friend of yours that had been sick for awhile you might say well oh so and so's up and around now but he still looks a little bit? 548: Bad interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: Or a little bit sick. interviewer: Yes ma'am. Do you ever hear people around here use the word peaked? 548: Uh huh interviewer: Looks a little bit peaked? 548: Yeah interviewer: What about puny? 548: Well that that's okay too. interviewer: Is that the same thing? 548: Yeah it's all the same thing. interviewer: Okay you were telling me awhile ago about these coal oil lamps coal oiled lamps. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Say that electric lamp burned out the thing that you'd have to replace that would be the? 548: Bulb interviewer: Mm-hmm that's right. Mm-kay and when you lived over at your other house did you have a place out back where you'd hang up clothes? 548: Uh huh interviewer: What would you take the wet clothes out back in? 548: Dish pan interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: my little dish pan back there interviewer: Mm-hmm is there anything else you'd seen people use for that? 548: Yeah clothes basket interviewer: Clothes basket 548: I didn't have one interviewer: Oh so you used a dish pan. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Yeah were those clothes baskets made out of wicker or something like that? 548: Plastic interviewer: Plastic oh yeah 548: Beat their easy tore up interviewer: Hmm 548: made out of plastic. interviewer: Mm-hmm do you ever see those wicker one's anymore? 548: Uh huh now-days now nothing but plastic. interviewer: I see yeah what about uh if you were had a a bottle with some liquid in it that something you could put in the mouth of the bottle to keep it from spilling out? 548: A stopper interviewer: Sure or what could that be made out of? 548: Well you could use a piece of paper or uh stopper a regular stopper that'd fit it. But you as I said you could just wad a piece of paper up and stick it in there. interviewer: What about a cork? 548: Corks good too if you can get one to fit it. interviewer: {NW} Did you ever see anybody play one of these things that you blew on it and moved it back and forth like that? There's a musical instrument kinda long and you blew on it and it moved it back and fourth across your mouth? 548: Well I think so. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: A juice harp? interviewer: Could be yeah Mm-hmm is that like is that like a harp or French harp or harmonica have you ever heard of that? 548: Yeah I heard of them too. interviewer: Which one? 548: Uh um harmonica oh I know I know what that is and it it's a long one you know. interviewer: Yes ma'am 548: And and uh a fr- so uh uh that Jew's harp you put in your mouth and kick it around interviewer: It's got a twiny noise? 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Yeah you ever try to play one of those? 548: Uh uh I ain't tried to do nothing much. interviewer: {NW} Me either yeah. What do you call this thing that you beat nails with that's a? 548: Hammer interviewer: Mm-hmm okay now I wanna you a a few things about a wagon. #1 Did y'all have a wagon when you were growing up? # 548: #2 Uh huh # interviewer: #1 # 548: #2 # interviewer: Yeah what did you call the long wooden thing that went between the horses? 548: Tongue interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah 548: A wagon tongue. interviewer: Yes ma'am and those the thing that the traces came back and hooked on to? 548: Single tree interviewer: Yes ma'am right. Did what if you had like two horses and each one had a singletree. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: They'd both be hooked on to a? 548: I know what that thing is that goes there but I don't remember. I don't believe I'm gonna think of that. interviewer: Would it be a doubletree? 548: Yes that's what it is. interviewer: That's what you called it? 548: Double tree interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: that's right. interviewer: Yeah what about on a buggy? Those things that you'd have to back the horse between? 548: Shafts interviewer: Yes ma'am did y'all have a buggy? 548: Uh uh uh uh interviewer: Did many people back then have 'em? 548: Uh uh interviewer: They'd have to 548: Not even back yonder when I was little uh uh. Very few people even had buggies let alone anything else. interviewer: Yes ma'am I see. What about the the outside edge of a wagon wheel you'd call that the? 548: The rim interviewer: Yes ma'am I see. And you were telling me uh this morning about a middle buster you said it was a kind of plow. 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: Was there something else that you could use after you use the plow to break up the ground real fine? 548: Yeah you'd use um but after you'd roll it up with that middle buster you yes you can you can still use top part interviewer: Mm-hmm that'd break it up even finer? 548: Uh huh that'll level the roads off you know and then you can go behind it with a plow. interviewer: Mm-hmm I see Mm-kay what about that thing that the wheels of the wagon fit onto you call that the? 548: Axle interviewer: Yes ma'am Mm-kay have you ever seen these things that uh well carpenters use them a lot these wooden frames that uh well you could take two of 'em and lay some boards across 'em and make yourself a temporary table? 548: Horses? interviewer: Sure right yeah. Have you ever seen another kind of frame that's kinda shaped like an X? You could put a log right in the middle of it and brace it and saw it off? 548: Yeah I've seen 'em but I I can't think right now what you'd call 'em. interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a saw buck or wood rack or something like that? 548: Wood rack I reckon. That's what you'd have to call it. interviewer: Okay and what about something that you would use on your hair you might use either a comb or a? 548: Brush interviewer: Yeah and you say you were going to uh? 548: Brush my hair. interviewer: Mm-kay did you ever see these things you know when barbers used to use straight razors? They had these long leather things they sharpen 'em off. 548: Mm-hmm razor straight. interviewer: Yes ma'am I've heard to tell people say that they their parents kinda gave them a few licks of those things when they misbehaved. You ever heard of that? 548: Yep I didn't ever get that though I got worse than that. interviewer: Hmm what's worse than that? 548: Horse whip or buggy switch. interviewer: Hmm 548: Either one of 'em is worse. interviewer: That sounds 548: My step daddy didn't want me to {X} interviewer: That does sound pretty rough. 548: I'll tell you what I'm getting sleepy. interviewer: Okay let me just ask you one or two more questions and then we'll stop for right now if you want to take a break. 548: Okay interviewer: Okay what about the these things that you could fire in a pistol or a riffle? 548: Cartridges interviewer: Yes ma'am Have you ever shot a gun? 548: I think I shot a gun one time in my life. interviewer: Just once? 548: And my husband's trying to make me learn how to shoot it interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: and I never would shot it no more. interviewer: Yeah they can be dangerous those things. 548: Yeah they are interviewer: What were you telling about making bread? 548: Uh well um when you making cornbread it uh back in the old days or now even you had you had if you hadn't got a little oil or something to put in your bread just put a little mayonnaise in and that sure do make good bread. interviewer: Hmm I never heard of doing that before. 548: Oh well it's it's good sometime you try it it's good. interviewer: Who told you how to do that? 548: Mrs. Grimes interviewer: Is that one of your neighbors? 548: Uh huh interviewer: Okay {NW} well let's see did y'all ever have a coal burning stove? 548: Mm-hmm interviewer: What did you did you have any kind of container you kept next to the stove with coal in it? 548: Yeah we had a a tin pan on a a oh a can of things we kept coal in it. interviewer: Mm-hmm 548: And smut {NW}. interviewer: Have you ever heard of anything called a coal scuttle? 548: Yeah interviewer: What? 548: Yeah it burns coal in it. interviewer: To burning? 548: Yeah you burn coal in the stove. interviewer: Oh yeah I was talking about if you ever heard of anything called a coal scuttle something to keep coal in. 548: Uh uh interviewer: Hadn't heard of that? 548: Uh uh no we just put coal in what we could find. interviewer: Mm-hmm I see. What did you call the pipe that ran out the back of the stove? 548: Goes out through the wall? Elbow interviewer: Mm-hmm is that the pipe that goes out back the stove? 548: That elbow that carries that pipe outside back of the house you know. Somewhere it goes up through here. interviewer: Hmm 548: {X} interviewer: I see 548: It's the elbow. interviewer: Yeah is the stove pipe the same thing as the flue? 548: Uh uh uh interviewer: What's the difference? 548: A flue is brick you know it's built on top of the house. It's something like a chimney but it's just got two little openings one on each side. It ain't all the way open like a chimney at the top. And that's a flue up there. interviewer: Yeah that other things is a 548: uh huh interviewer: just call that a stove pipe? 548: Yeah yeah that's a stove pipe goes from the stove up to that and that's a stove flue on top of the house. interviewer: I see what do you call this thing that you can use for yard work it's got two long handles and a wheel there on front? 548: Wheelbarrow interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah and what about something that you could use to sharpen a knife on? Interviewer: {NS} Some kind of rock or stone you could sharpen a knife on? {NS} 548: Wet rock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Have you ever seen a bigger one? {NS} That turned around and you could sharpen an ax on? 548: Mm-hmm. {NS} I sure have. {NS} Grind rock. Interviewer: Grind rock. Yeah. Did y'all have one of those? {NS} 548: Nuh-uh Interviewer: Just seen one of those? 548: Just seen 'em. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh {NS} That thing that I just drove up in you call that a? 548: A car. {NS} Interviewer: Anything besides that? {NS} 548: Automobile. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And uh. {NS} Say that uh {NS} if you were going to cook something {NS} you were gonna maybe make a {NS} pie or something like that. {NS} What would you say you did to the pan so it would not stick to it? {NS} 548: Greased the pan. {NS} Interviewer: What do you use? {NS} 548: I I use an oil. {NS} Or butter. {NS} But I like to sprinkle my meat in that pan and then let it brown you know before I put my bread in there. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. That's good. Did y'all ever make a a temporary lamp or a makeshift lamp? Just take a bottle and some coal oil and something for a wick? 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: For a light? {NS} 548: Did that one time I remember. {NS} Interviewer: So did you have a storm or something or? 548: Nah we thought we was going fishing but we didn't go. {NS} And that's what we fixed it for. But a I I I can take a button and a piece of cloth and make a light just as good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: but you put tie that button in that piece of cloth and put it down in a glass. {NS} And or a jar or something and pour grease in that glass {NS} up up to the top Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: and just set that set that rag a fire. {NS} And that will burn and burn and burn. Just pure grease. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever call that thing that bottle with a coil in it anything like a torch or? Flame or something like #1 that? # 548: #2 Yep # It would be a torch. Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: What would you say toothpaste comes in? It comes in a? 548: Tube. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh say if a man just had bought himself a new boat. And he was going to take it down to the water and try it out. {NS} When he's putting the boat in the water you say he thought he did what? He's going? 548: Try out his boat. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. Could you say anything else there or like uh he's going to try it out or he's gonna? 548: Take a ride. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Ever hear people say they are going to launch their boat? {NS} 548: Mm-hmm. I hear that too. Interviewer: How would they say that? {NS} 548: They say uh {NS} So-and-so is going to launch their boat. {NS} Interviewer: What kind of boats would people use to fish in? {NS} 548: Well it's mostly just {NS} just little old ones. {NS} Uh. {NS} Flat boats like with a motor on it. {NS That's the kind they use to fish in. Interviewer: {NS} Do people ever use row boats? {NS} 548: Uh-huh. I don't know when I ever see a row boat. {NS} One that you paddle? Interviewer: Mm-hmm {see any of} those around here? {NS} Ever heard of thing called a Jon boat? 548: No. Interviewer: {X} Okay. Uh when you are working in the kitchen what might you wear around your waist? 548: Apron. Interviewer: Okay. And uh this thing I am here writing with you call that an ink? 548: Ink pen. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you would say that a dime is worth how much? 548: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. What would you say uh when talking about clothes. What would a man's three pieced suit consist of? 548: Well shirt and coat and pants. Interviewer: What about something that he might wear between his #1 shirt # 548: #2 His vest! # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. You ever heard a man call his pants anything else? 548: Trousers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. What about britches? 548: Well I'll be too {NW} Interviewer: Would you say it like that? 548: Yeah. Britches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about these things that farmers use to work in that had the straps that came over {and had a }? 548: Gases Interviewer: Yeah #1 well # 548: #2 suspenders # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah I know what you're talking about. {D: go ahead} and have something to cover it you know? The the things had straps on and a build to 'em. And he wore the whole thing to cover his clothes. Over 548: Ov- Overalls. Interviewer: Right right. Your daddy wear those? 548: My husband Interviewer: #1 did. # Interviewer: #2 Husband # still do? Yeah a pretty handy thing. 548: Yeah they sort of cooler than anything else. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Say a guy was trying on a coat. I might say well uh this coat won't fit this year but last year it? 548: It did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. It fit this year but last year it? 548: Last year it fit. But not this year. Interviewer: Okay. And say if I needed some more clothes to go to church in on Sunday. Uh my clothes that I had are getting old I'd say I need to go to town to buy a? 548: A suit. Interviewer: Not an old one but a? 548: A new suit. Interviewer: Okay. And sometimes you see little boys they pick things up and put them in their pocket 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: their pockets begin to? 548: bulge out. Interviewer: Yeah. Right. Right. Okay. What would you say would happen to a shirt if you put it in water that was too hot for it? It would do what? 548: It'd draw up. Interviewer: {NW} Did you ever do that? 548: I sure did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: It wasn't a shirt though. It was a a one of my dresses. Interviewer: Mm. 548: The kind of material it was and it was hot water. Woo boy it drawed up. Interviewer: Did it draw much? 548: I couldn't I couldn't use it no more. Interviewer: {X} What if you if a young girl was getting ready to go out somewhere on a date. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: And if she was spending a lot of time in front of the mirror.You know. What would you say she was doing? 548: Primping. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Wha- what would you call a boy who's getting ready to go out and he was spending a lot of time in front of a mirror too. What would you say he was doing? 548: Fixing his hair. Interviewer: Fixing his hair. Yeah. Would you say the boy is primping? 548: Well I don't know whether to say a boy primps or not. Interviewer: Yeah. 548: But they do like to look in the glass when they're getting ready to go. Interviewer: Right. {NW} Sure do. Okay. What do you call this thing that some women like to wear on their wrists? 548: Wristwatch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or something else? 548: Bracelet. Interviewer: Okay. And something they might wear around their neck? 548: Necklace. Interviewer: Mm-hmm or? 548: Locket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay or some kind of beads maybe? 548: Yeah could be beads. Interviewer: {NW} Would you just call 'em that? Beads or? String of beads or something like that? 548: Yeah. Yeah uh a big part of 'em is wearing beads. Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. And wha- wha- what would you call something that you would take out if it was raining, cover your head? 548: Parasol. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Hear that called anything else? 548: Umbrella. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there any difference? 548: Nuh-uh. Interviewer: Same thing? 548: Same thing. Interviewer: Okay. When you make up your bed what's the last thing that goes on it? 548: Bedspread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And what about something heavier than that? 548: After I make it up? Interviewer: Well maybe in the winter time people used to get together and patch #1 these? # 548: #2 quilt. # Cover. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And #1 did you ever # 548: #2 is that # Interviewer: did you ever make one of these things were you put different squares and material and? 548: Quilt. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. You got one of those? {NW} 548: {NW} Interviewer: Do you still hear about people making those things? 548: Oh yeah. This woman down there in the front makes 'em. She's got about eight or nine made already. Interviewer: Hmm. Yeah that's nice. What about the thing you rest your head on in bed? 548: Pillow. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard of something that was a longer than a pillow? Maybe about twice as long and people would put it on their bed maybe for looks? 548: I've seen it but I. I really forgot what it was. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called a bolster? 548: Bolster? Interviewer: Yeah. 548: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever use one? #1 Was it just # 548: #2 I don't I # I don't think I've ever owned one. Nuh-uh. Mm-hmm. But I've used it. Interviewer: Yeah that's it. Was it just for looks or can you sleep on it? 548: You can sleep on it but it's mostly for looks. You know it goes all the way across the bed. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. Okay. What about this expression. Say if a farmer might say that Well I expected to get a big crop this year because the soil is very? 548: Rich. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Or something else he might say besides rich? It's very a? Oh fertile? 548: Fertile? Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Meaning is good soil 548: Good soil uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh low lying land. Maybe across a stream around here. What would that be called? Might have had water on it at one time but plowed up later on and things planted on it? 548: I reckon you call it a slew. Interviewer: A slew? 548: A slew you know used to be water there ain't none there now. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as bottom land? 548: Mm-hmm. I think it is. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of that? Bottom land. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that the way people would say it? 548: Yeah. Bottom land uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay but what about a place that's got water on it all the time? Got trees growing in it and bushes growing in it? 548: {NS} Well I think that'd be a lake. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. You ever hear people around here say swamp? 548: Yeah. Well yeah it could be a swamp. Either yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. {NW} What about the marsh? What would that be? Do you ever hear that used? 548: Yeah but I seem many like that so a bayou of a thing or place stays mighty muddy and nasty. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. I see. 548: Y- Interviewer: So like about 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Have you ever heard of any kind of soil called buckshot? 548: Oh yeah. Interviewer: What is that? 548: I don't know. Some kind of black land that gets so hard that you know? Your stuff don't grow good on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And they call it? 548: Buckshot. Interviewer: Yeah uh. What about gumbo? 548: Well tha- that's still hard. And you know hard to do anything with. Interviewer: Mm. 548: But nowadays they got something you know they put in like dirt and it comes on out. You know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So that's not so good for growing things on? 548: Uh-huh. It- it's pretty good now but used to you couldn't. Interviewer: And you call that? 548: Uh Interviewer: Buckshot or 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Some 548: Well buckshot buckshot or gumbo-dirty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Okay. Say if you are going to drain some water off a piece of land. What would you have to do to take the water off? 548: If you wanted to drain it off? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: You would have to dig a ditch. Interviewer: Oh yeah dig a ditch 548: Mm-hmm. Alright. What what would people around here call the little bit of freshwater flowing along? {NS} {NS} Well sounds like a spring. But it wouldn't be around here. Interviewer: Hmm. 548: {NW} It would have to be a ditch or just just some clear water flowing along? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: {NS} I don't know. Interviewer: What about a creek? 548: Yeah. Yeah it could be a creek. Yeah I hadn't thought of that. Interviewer: Do creeks around here have names? Uh Nah. No ma'am. 548: Nah. Uh Interviewer: Okay. What would uh you call a place that's been uh eaten out by water? So that along so it's about ten feet deep and ten feet across? Place in the land? 548: I don't know a gorge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Gorge or ever hear people say around here gully? 548: Gully. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: Yeah I've heard lots of people say gully. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And it would be something like that? 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Just a washed out place with water? 548: Mm-hmm. Yeah Interviewer: Okay. Ever heard people around here use the word ravine? 548: Yeah I've heard that too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would that Would that be about the same thing? 548: Well really I don't know. Interviewer: Mm. But you've just heard the word? 548: Yes. I just heard it but I think it's the same thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Alright. And what about something that's a great big old thing not a hill. Much much bigger than a hill. You call that a regular? They're around they're around here really. 548: Much bigger than a hill? I don't know what it would be. Interviewer: Mountain. {NW} 548: Yeah. {NS} A mountain that's right. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever been to a mountain? Been in the mountains before? 548: I believe I did go through there one time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: Going to Harrison Arkansas to my niece's house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah you probably did. 548: There's one big one up in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Do you happen to remember what you call that rocky side of a mountain that drops off real sharp? Have you heard people call it a cliff? 548: Yeah. What you see I I I don't know much about the mountain part. Interviewer: It's okay. Just wanted to ask you anyway. 548: Mm-hmm. Well Interviewer: Could you say it for me since you've heard it? 548: A cliff? Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 548: Well that that's what it is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever seen a place in the mountains where water falls a long distance you might have seen it on TV. 548: Mm-hmm. Waterfalls. Interviewer: Alright. Those can be pretty can't they? 548: I saw one between here and Arkansas. That was pretty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They sure are. And what about a place maybe along the river where boats would stop and unload their trade What would you call that? 548: The landing I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. With a dock would you think so? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh most of the roads around here. Are they pretty good the surface? 548: Well nah. Some of them is some of them ain't. Some of is 'em real bad. Interviewer: What what are most of them made of? 548: Well some of 'em have haven't even got no uh concrete on 'em yet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh. You know going way out of town. And each {D:slipping} road to go down they're bad. Mm-hmm. You got any uh gravel roads around here? {NS} 548: Mm-hmm. Yeah I believe they they got one way down there. Way out from uh Between here and Le- Leland you know out on back in there Somewhere. But I know I've seen one back in there somewhere. Yeah lately. Interviewer: What's that? 548: Gravel roads. Interviewer: Okay. If you were driving along out in the country and you came to a little road that went off the main road 548: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call that little road? 548: Side road. Interviewer: Side road. Okay. And what about a a road that goes off the street going up to a man's house? 548: I I'd still say a side Interviewer: #1 side road # 548: #2 road. # Interviewer: Okay. What about a driveway? 548: Well. Interviewer: Or something like that? 548: Yeah that'll be that'd really be what it was. Driveway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And if you are on a farm sometimes when the cows come in from the pasture They walk along the same way. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And they'll beat down a place. What what would you call that? 548: Pave. Interviewer: Pave. Okay. And a a I didn't notice any around here but sometimes around residential areas and towns there will be a place where you can walk alongside the street. 548: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Yeah. Is there ever a a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? {NW} Around here. 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that called anything? 548: I don't know. But it just belongs to the city. That's all I know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: That part from the sidewalk that place of grass that that belongs to the city. Interviewer: They don't cut it or anything do they? 548: Yeah they're supposed to keep it cut. Interviewer: Oh really? 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I see. 548: From the sidewalk to the road. Interviewer: Yeah. I was just wondering if you've ever heard people call that a banquette or a tree lawn or anything like that Okay. 548: Mm-mm Interviewer: Alright. Say this expression. Somebody's not going away from you he's coming straight? 548: To you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or straight toward? 548: Towards you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright and if I was telling you about somebody that I met in town. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I might say well I wasn't looking for old so-and-so I just sorta ran? 548: Run into 'em. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 548: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright. Do that a lot? 548: I do. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. 548: Sure do. Interviewer: Say if a if a child was given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child? 548: After its mother. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever have any pets? Keep any pets? {NS} {X} Which one were you talking about? 548: The woman that we rent from. Interviewer: Oh I see. Yeah. Thought it might have an effect on your rent? 548: Mm. I thought we had to go and uh you know and let her know. We got a raise cuz more than likely they'll raise our rent. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. But you don't have to? 548: Mm-mm. Well she said they couldn't raise it nohow in a year. Not on me. Interviewer: Yeah 548: You know sixty plus. Nuh-uh. Interviewer: Well that's good. 548: We signed up for a year and we th- they can't do nothing about it. Interviewer: That's good. Okay. I was asking you did you ever have any pets? 548: Yeah. Well I remember we had some old white rats. Interviewer: {NW} 548: Oh man them things. We about never got shed of them things. {NW} And and they just kept well finally we got them away from the house. And uh there was some a {D:brace} pile something pile at the barn And and they went a denned it up in there and I'm telling you they kept uh having rats {NS} and you've never seen such a bunch of rats in your life. {NW} And Interviewer: When was the last time you had white rats? 548: No. I didn't want no more. {NW} But we I always had dogs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: Well plenty of cats out in the yard but I don't want no cats in the house. Interviewer: Mm. Did you ever a hear of a dog that wasn't a pure breed but he was just a lot of different types all mixed up? 548: Yeah. But I don't know. I don't know what you'd call 'em Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a mongrel dog? Or cur dog or? Something like that. 548: Oh yeah I hear all kinds of dogs but. Just a mixed up breed I don't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: I see. What would people say to their dog if they wanted it to get after another dog? 548: It's get it. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} Uh okay. And if he is a bad dog you might tell somebody well you better watch out for that dog cuz yesterday? 548: He bit somebody. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And he's a lot of people? 548: He he might bit you. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Have you ever gotten? 548: I ain't gotten bit {D: by a dog}. Uh-uh. I watch them things. Interviewer: {NW} Keep your distance. Yeah. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about in a heard of cattle some call the male? 548: A bull. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Can you ever can you remember a time when it wasn't polite to use that word? 548: That's right Sure do. Interviewer: What did people say? When they didn't say bull? 548: I really don't remember what they said. And I I just don't remember but they sure didn't say that. Interviewer: Yeah. Maybe male animal or 548: They might say male. Interviewer: Yeah they wouldn't say bull? 548: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. Say if you have a cow and she was expecting a calf? 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You'd say my cow is going to? 548: Going to have a calf. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Ever heard people say she is uh gone fresh or come fresh? 548: Yeah. Gonna come in fresh. Interviewer: Come in fresh. Means she's a? 548: With calf yeah. Interviewer: I see. Okay. And what about talking about horses. What would you call a male horse? 548: A jack. Interviewer: I think that's a mule. {NW} 548: Well you got me now. I {D:know} Interviewer: So you ever heard it called a stallion or st- 548: Stallion yeah. I heard that. Interviewer: Okay. And what about the female? 548: She's mare. Interviewer: Mare. Yeah. Okay. What have you ever gotten on a horse and? 548: No. Nuh-uh. I never did try to ride a horse cuz I was scared I would fall. Interviewer: Hmm. If you were telling you did do it though so if you were telling somebody about it you would say yesterday I? 548: I rode the horse yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. And if you couldn't stay on you'd say uh I fell? 548: Fell off the horse yesterday. {NW} Interviewer: Alright What do you call those things that you put at the bottom of their feet to protect 'em? 548: Shoe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Did you ever play a game with those things? 548: Mm-mm. I saw people that did but I didn't Interviewer: What did they call that? 548: Horseshoes. Interviewer: Yeah. Just horseshoes? 548: Uh-huh. I see. Wha- what do you call the part of the horse's foot that those things go on? Hoof. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. And you say a horse has four? 548: Four feet. Interviewer: Or four? 548: Legs. Interviewer: Yeah when you are talking about a hoof. 548: Four shoes. Interviewer: Have you got one hoof but four? Where you said it you called it 548: He's got four hoofs. Interviewer: Yeah right. 548: Four shoes. Interviewer: Alright. Are all those shoes the same size? 548: Mm. {NS} They fit all their feet you #1 know? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah I # 548: They make um to fit. Interviewer: Yeah I was wondering about that. Were they all the same size. Do people around here raise sheep? 548: Oh well I see a few of 'em way out in the country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But not too much anymore though? 548: Not too much. No. Interviewer: Do you remember what uh people raised sheep for around here? 548: For their wool? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about their meat? Do they ever eat 'em? 548: I don't know. What they do with that cuz I wouldn't eat it. Interviewer: Why not? 548: {X} I don't believe in no uh-uh I don't want it. Interviewer: Say what? 548: {NW} They tell me you just gonna lay 'em down there and just lay there and let you cut the head off. Interviewer: Oh. 548: They won't move or nothing. Interviewer: Hmm. 548: And if they are I don't want none of their meat. Interviewer: Mm. I didn't know that. That's interesting. Do you remember what the male sheep is called? 548: I never did know. Interviewer: Mm. You ever heard of a ram or buck? 548: Ram. Interviewer: Yeah What about anything else? 548: Mm-mm. Interviewer: You ever heard it called a {D:hue} or {yue} or something like that? 548: Not really hear that. Interviewer: Anywhere? 548: I just hear sheep. Interviewer: Just sheep. Okay. {NW} Alright. {NW} Yeah and we were talking about hogs yesterday. 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You know these things that you pour the hog's feed in? 548: Trough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. And if you had three or four of those say you had three or four. 548: Hog troughs. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Did y'all have those on your place? 548: We sure did. Interviewer: Would they hold a lot of feed? 548: Mm yeah. Interviewer: Pretty good bit. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. Hogs will eat a lot of feed, won't they? 548: Oh boy. They they never knew when they get enough feed. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. What would you say if a if a cat was hungry? And it was making a noise? You'd say listen to that cat? 548: A bell Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about a cow? That's hungry. You'd say listen to that cow? 548: Mooing Interviewer: Moo? Yeah. Right. What about a horse, you'd say? 548: {Neighing Interviewer: That horse neighs yeah okay. Uh say uh If you have a lot of animals like horses and mules and cows and so on you'd say you got a lot of? 548: I got a lot a I got a lot of animals I reckon the way I'd say it. Interviewer: Okay. Or maybe a livestock or something like that? 548: Well that'd be the best. Got a lot of a lot of livestock. Yeah. Interviewer: That'd cover the whole thing? 548: That'd cover the whole thing. Yeah. Interviewer: What about animals feathered out like chickens and ducks and geese. You'd say you got a lot of? 548: A lot of chickens and geese I guess. Interviewer: Ever hear people call it a fowl? A lot of fowl. 548: Yeah they are fowls yeah. {NW} Well anyway I have a lot of fowls. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Right. Okay. # Where where do chickens stay on a farm? 548: Well they just stay out there scratching in the dirt or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: and then they at night they come in and a go in a little house and there are some roost polls you know they get up on there. at night and sleep and get down in the morning {D:to walk} Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a coop or chicken coop? 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's that {D:like}? 548: That's what that's a little chicken coop. You talking about you put your {D:babies} in. Interviewer: Oh. 548: Young chickens. Well you can put big ones in there but mostly for young ones. You take 'em off the nest when hatch put that old hen and the little ones in that coop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: And keep now your little ones gets old enough to keep up with the mama. Interviewer: I see. Okay. You know when you're frying chicken there is usually a piece that the kids like to get so one can grab one end and one grabs the other way 548: #1 Pulling bone. # Interviewer: #2 Right # {NW} Why do we like to do that? 548: I don't know. I alway heard you make a wish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: And uh so uh hold it like you I take one end and pull the bone and you the other and pull it pull it and break it. And the one that gets the shortest end will get married first. Interviewer: Oh {X} 548: #1 That's what I heard. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay. Yeah. What about the inside parts of the hog that you can eat? What would you call that? 548: Liver and likes. Interviewer: Liver and likes. Yeah. Yeah. Ever heard of people using the word hassle it or {D:hassle} it or something like that? Hassle it? 548: And and uh chitlins Interviewer: Mm. 548: That kind of hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever eaten any of those? 548: Mmm uh-uh. Interviewer: Don't like that huh? 548: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Why not? You ever heard, you hear people that like it? 548: Yeah. I know several at least. My sister over there man she loves it. And uh Bobby one of my son's step- stepsons Interviewer: Yes ma'am. 548: They just gather up and buy a lot of them things and cook 'em and eat it. They invite me over sometimes but uh-uh. Interviewer: Well. I heard those things don't smell too good when they cook it 548: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Pretty bad huh? 548: Just a scent gives me a no. {NW} Interviewer: Is it talking about smelling bad is there a paper mill around here? I smell something and it smells kind of like a paper mill. Early this morning I didn't know what it was. 548: Well it ain't no paper mill. You know right around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I can't figure out what it was. Well say if you are on a farm and hear your cows mooing and horses carrying on they probably getting hungry. You might say well my goodness I didn't know it was so late. It its getting right on to? 548: Dinner time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if your animals are hungry it's getting right on to? 548: Supper time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or you got to take care of the animals you say its just about? 548: Lunch time. Interviewer: Alright. Or feeding time for the animals? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that what you would call it? 548: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: You would say what it's? 548: I- I said well it's getting feeding time for the animals. They are getting hungry. Interviewer: About what time of day was that? 548: Well that that would be over in the evening or? Or early in the morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 548: At least they look for two meals a day. Interviewer: Alright. Alright that's it. Okay. Say if I wanted to get my horses ready to go somewhere if I had a buggy. What would you say I had to do to get my horses you know? 548: Put the gear on the harness on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 548: Harness on the horses. Interviewer: {X} If you're plowing with mules. 548: Yep. Interviewer: what do you call that thing that you hold in your hand to guide it with? 548: Pl- the plow or the line? Interviewer: Yeah right the line. I see. And what if you ride the horse. Those things you hold in your hand. 548: Bridle reins Interviewer: Oh reins. I see. And those things you put your feet in? 548: Stirrups. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Say if you got two horses hitched to a wagon. You ever heard the horse on the right called anything in particular? 548: What when you say yee-haw one? #1 Is that what # Interviewer: #2 No. # 548: you're talking about? Interviewer: I meant you know something like you ever heard it called the lead horse? 548: Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: Which one is that? 548: The one on the right. Interviewer: The one on the right? And he's called the? 548: The lead horse. Interviewer: Okay. Say uh if I accidentally fall down in the yard and I fall that way say I fell? 548: Backwards. Interviewer: Right. If I fall that way? 548: Forwards. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Alright. And talking about plowing what would you call those things that are cut out by the plow? Those are the? You know those trenches that are cut out? 548: Oh. {X} Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Say if a man has been growing some hay and he's cut it off for the first time and then it comes back up again the second time. Is that called anything? 548: I don't know that now. Interviewer: Mm. Like second cutting or second growth or? 548: Second cutting it'll have to be second growth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Have you ever heard the like uh something that comes up easily even though you didn't plant it? Ever heard that called anything in particular? 548: Nothing but weeds or grass or Interviewer: I was thinking about like if you got a stalk of corn coming up in your uh bean field or something like that 548: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 548: Or stop oh free or something like that. Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. What would you call what would you call that? Volunteer? 548: Yeah that's what it is a volunteer. Interviewer: Yeah. Quite a lot of people say that. That uh 548: Uh as a a volunteer stock open you know or? Two or three stocks open or Whatever come up down there in the field. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Does that happen often? 548: It happens pretty often. It sure do. Interviewer: {NW} Do people ever grow wheat around here? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: What do if they just cut their wheat you say they tie it up into a? 548: Bundle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Does the term {D:sheaf} mean anything to you? A {D:sheaf} of wheat or they're {D:sheafing} wheat? Haven't heard that? Okay. Alright. What about uh Talking about oats. What would you say you did the oats to? You know you have to grain uh away from the chaff 548: Thrash 'em out. Interviewer: You ever done that? 548: Mm-mm. Interviewer: I don't I don't know anything about it so. 548: You have to thrash it out though. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Say uh if your comparing how tall you are you might say well he's not as tall as? 548: as I am. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or the other way around you might say I'm not as tall as? 548: As he is. Interviewer: Okay.Or comparing how well you do something well he can do it better than? 548: Better than I can. Interviewer: Okay. What about this expression? Say if if we have to do a job together. 548: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 You'd # say that and have to do it? 548: You and me is is going to do a job. Interviewer: Right. Okay. In other words the job is not just for one of us its for? 548: It takes two. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Not just one of us but 548: It takes me and you to do one job. Interviewer: Okay. Say if uh you and another uh say when your husband was living Say if you and your husband were coming over to see me. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: And he was in the room. You'd tell me that and what for coming over? 548: That that me and my husband is coming over. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. And if you were say knocking on the door 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Coming to see me. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: And you knew that I'd recognize the sound of your voice. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: And if I said who's that? Instead of calling out your name you might say well open the door it's just? 548: It's just me. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. {NW} Alright Uh. Say if something belongs to me you'd say that's? 548: I I'd say that belongs to you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Right. It belongs to me you'd that's? 548: What I said it belongs to you? Interviewer: Yeah you wouldn't say it's his you'd say it's? 548: It's yours. Interviewer: Right. Okay. If it belongs to you you'd say that's? 548: That's mine. Interviewer: Right. And if it belongs to him you'd say that's? 548: Mm that's his. Interviewer: Sure that belongs to her you'd say it's? 548: It's hers. Interviewer: Right and if it belongs to them you'd say it's? 548: Belongs to them yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh let's see. You were telling me uh yesterday about different kinds of cornbread. What about other things you can make with flour? Not necessarily bread. 548: Well I don't know too much about flour. Cuz I never did have no time to mess with it much. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 548: No more than this biscuits or whole cakes or {NS} Things like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: Batter cakes. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. You ever make muffins? 548: Mm-mm I never do do that. Interviewer: Never make muffins. Okay. Alright what about this expression? If a man can lift real heavy weights 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You'd say he sure is mighty? 548: Stout. Interviewer: Alright okay. Or what about somebody that always has a smile on his face and he's got something nice to say about everybody. You'd say he sure is? 548: Friendly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Nice to find people that way you know? 548: Oh that's nice. Interviewer: Yeah. What about a boy when he is growing up? Sometimes he just reaches an age where he just trips over things and runs into things and stumbles over his own feet you know? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: You'd say he sure is mighty? 548: Clumsy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah right okay. What about a person that just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense. You'd say he's just a? 548: Well I'd say he's just a he's just terrible that's all I know. Interviewer: {NW} Alright. Have you ever heard people use the word fool like that? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: He's just plain fool. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that a strong thing to say? 548: Well it's sort of a strong thing yeah. But it's a it's alright to say it I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. Nothing in the bible about that thing? 548: Nah. Uh-uh. Interviewer: What what how have you heard people use that? They'd say? 548: Oh. Well I don't know too much about fool but hear 'em say crazy all the time. Interviewer: Crazy. 548: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 548: Well that's all the same thing. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Alright. What about a man who's got a lot of money but he likes to hang out it? You'd say he's a? 548: Stingy. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Ever heard of a tightwad? 548: Oh good lord yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. {NS} Is that the one you 548: Tightwad yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What about if I said this? Talking about somebody. Uh say old so-and-so is common as he can be. What would you what would that mean? 548: Well you just just plain you know and friendly and That's all I would say. Interviewer: Just an ordinary average {X} 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What about an older person? Say in his nineties? That can still do for himself like cook and get around #1 pretty good? # 548: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: You'd say well I don't care how old he is he's still mighty? 548: Spry. Interviewer: Yeah okay alright. Yeah. Or what about somebody that leaves a lot of money lying around with doors unlocked and it's just in plain sight? You'd say he sure is mighty? 548: Oh I don't know. My mind ain't working right today I don't reckon. Interviewer: No it's okay. Uh Careless? 548: Careless. That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Say if I had an aunt named Lizzy I might say well there really is nothing wrong with aunt Lizzy it's just that every now and then she acts kinda? 548: Silly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. {NW} Have you ever heard people say well so-and-so just acts kinda queer? 548: Yeah I guess Interviewer: Is that the way they'd say that? 548: Yeah. That weird. Interviewer: Or queer? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Would that be alright there? 548: Yeah that would be alright. Interviewer: Did you say it like that? 548: Yeah. Say that that queer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Meaning they act kind of strange 548: That's what it was. Interviewer: Has that word changed meanings? Over the years does it mean anything different nowadays? 548: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Just strange? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What about somebody who makes up his mind? And just won't change it. You'd say he's just? 548: Bullheaded. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} Alright okay. Or what about a person that you just can't joke with without him losing his temper? You might say he sure is? {NS} 548: Mean I'd say. Quick-tempered. Interviewer: Quick-tempered yeah sure. Talking about somebody like that you might say well uh I was just joking with him. I didn't know he'd get? 548: Mad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Or somebody's about to get mad lose his temper and you don't want him to? 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you might say well now just? 548: Just a minute. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Alright. And say at the end of the day you've been working hard all day. You'd say I sure am? 548: Tired. Interviewer: Okay. But what if it's you know just an extreme case of it? You'd say I'm just all? 548: Tuckered out. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Okay. Alright. Or Say if somebody's a got overheated and then got chills and their eyes started running and nose started running you'd say he probably did what? 548: Got too hot. Interviewer: Or he caught? 548: A bad cold. Interviewer: Alright okay. And if it affects his voice you'd say he's a little? 548: Got a sore throat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or I'm a little bit? 548: Horse. Interviewer: Right. That ever happen to you? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay or it'd be {NW} {X} 548: Cold. Interviewer: Or? {NW} He had to? 548: Cough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And at the end of the day you might say well I'm just gonna go to bed. I'll see you in a little bit. 548: Sleepy. {NW} Interviewer: Right. Right at six o'clock in the morning I'll? 548: Get up. Wake up. Interviewer: Okay. What about somebody that can't hear anything at all. Say their stone? 548: Deaf. Interviewer: Yeah. And if a man has been working out in the hot sun all day he might come in take off his shirt lay it out and say look how I? 548: How wet my shirt was. Interviewer: Or look how I? 548: How tired I am? Interviewer: What what was he doing? What did he in that hot sun and began to? 548: Wipe his sweat. Interviewer: Yeah 548: Look how he's sweating Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Have you ever seen in any of these places people might get on their skin? They've got a a a lump with a big hole in it you know? 548: Oh lord yeah. That's rise. Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call that anything else? 548: Boil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. What about a carbuncle? 548: Yeah. They're called that too. Interviewer: Is that all the same thing? 548: Mm-mm. I don't think so My husband had a carbuncle along the back of his neck. Had eight heads on it. Interviewer: eh. 548: On the back of his neck. Now they call that a carbuncle. But a regular rise has one. Interviewer: Oh. 548: Head on it. Interviewer: I see. 548: You know one pore in it. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Yeah. And that white stuff inside it. You call that? 548: Corruption. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Say if I got stung in the hand by a bee and my hand got bigger. I might say well. Look how my hand. 548: Swelled. Interviewer: Right. If I get bit again my hand is gonna? 548: Get bigger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or it's gonna? That same word swole say my hand is gonna? 548: Swell again. Interviewer: Right okay. Yesterday my hand? 548: Is better. Interviewer: Okay. You know sometimes when people get uh blisters on their hand? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: There is some kind of stuff inside that thing? 548: Water. Interviewer: Yeah. Water blister. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Ever heard of a blood blister? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: What is that? 548: Well it is blood isn't it? In a blood blister. Interviewer: Just got blood instead of water in it? 548: But you pin- pinch your finger with a hammer or something you know? An and you miss. Miss whatever you hit and pinch your finger. And that's be a blood blister. Interviewer: I see. 548: But you do have to hurt yourself to make a blood blister. Interviewer: Alright. Okay Say in a war somebody got shot or stabbed. You taken 'em to the doctor so the doctor could treat the? 548: The wound. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Yeah. Have you ever heard of a type of {D:broom} that people clean with? Uh maybe it gets kind of grainy around it you know? What kind of {D:flesh} would you call that? 548: proud flesh Interviewer: Yeah. Is that what that is? Got infected or something? 548: Yeah. It's infection but I call it proud flesh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: It it gets worse yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. What if I got cut my hand and I didn't want it to get infected 548: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you put on it? To keep it from getting infected. Some kind of brown liquid 548: Yeah uh. AUX: #1 What time is # 548: #2 I put the on it # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. AUX: {X} 548: Something like that AUX: Now we are going to Interviewer: Do you ever hear people give you the eye? 548: Iodine. Interviewer: That's right. 548: Well that is good that that I believe that. Well I do know its good. Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You keep any around? AUX: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Have you heard have taken any white bitter tasting powder that people used to get for malaria. {NS} 548: Mm-hmm. Quinine. Interviewer: Yeah. 548: Oh lord that quinine. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. Pretty rough stuff. 548: {NW} I just wonder what they haven't done about uh you know People don't have malaria now like they did then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Probably just better sanitary conditions or 548: And we all take shots. Interviewer: That's true. {X} 548: That might be it. Interviewer: Let me ask you about this. Talking about a person who had died. Have you ever heard of somebody a talking about it kind of joking about it if it was somebody he didn't like? 548: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 He might # say well a that old that old tightwad finally? 548: Kicked the bucket. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. {D: alright alright} And you might say well old so-and-so has been dead for a week now and nobody yet figured out what he? 548: What he died with. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Okay. What do you call the place where people are buried? That's a? 548: Graveyard. Interviewer: Anything besides that? Cemetery? 548: Yeah cemetery. Interviewer: Same thing? 548: Yeah same thing. Interviewer: Okay. What about the box that they're buried in? 548: Coffin. Interviewer: Mm okay. And the ceremony for the dead person you say that you're going to so-and-so's? 548: Funeral. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. And people who are dressed in black at a funeral. You'd say they are in? 548: They're mourners. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And they're in? 548: In their family. That is you see that is one of their family that's dead. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: And like if some of my family I am supposed to wear something black but I do not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say those people who were dressed in black are in mourning? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: That how they say it? 548: Yeah. They say they were mourning for their dead. Interviewer: Do people still do that? Dress in black. 548: Yeah. Some of 'em do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: But really {D: people hardly don't now} They just wear what they got and go on. Interviewer: That's it. Okay. Say if uh. Somebody met you on the street in town uh just on an average day and said how are you doing? What would you probably say? 548: I I say doing alright. Interviewer: Whether you are or not? 548: Yeah. I just I just say well I am Interviewer: Yeah. 548: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 said # 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Say this expression. The children are out late at night. And uh the wife is getting a little bit excited. The husband might say well they'll be home aright just don't? 548: Don't worry. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Say if uh somebody ate something that disagreed with 'em and it hadn't come back up You'd say he had to go? 548: Vomit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Have you ever heard anybody say anything else? For that? 548: Yeah. Uh-huh. Puke. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Alright alright. Is that a is that kind of a joking word? 548: I don't know but it's both the same thing. Stands for the same thing. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. What about throw up? 548: Yeah that's the same thing too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Another way you'd say it? {X} 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {X} 548: I say vomit. Sounds a whole lot better. Interviewer: Then what? 548: Then puke or {NS} or Interviewer: Throw? 548: Throw up either. Interviewer: Okay. And somebody who's that way. You'd say he's sick where? 548: Sick to his stomach. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Okay. {NW} What about a boy who keeps going over to the same girl's house pretty regularly? You'd say he is doing what? If maybe he was serious about her. You'd say he's? 548: Yeah. I I say I say well must be getting serious about her or he wouldn't stay over so much. Interviewer: Would it be would it be right to say maybe he was courting her? 548: Well that'd be right too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How would you say that he is a? 548: I say well I say well he's a he's a courting uh girl over behind there. They're getting mighty serious about it. Interviewer: Okay. And you would call you would say that he was her? 548: Boyfriend. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and she would be his? 548: Girlfriend. Interviewer: Okay. What if the boy came home late at night and his little bother stayed up to catch him? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: When he came in he saw that he has lipstick all over his collar. {NW} Uh-huh you've been? 548: Kissing somebody. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. What if the boy asked the girl to marry him but she doesn't want to? You'd say she did what to 'em? 548: Turned him down. Interviewer: Okay. But uh say if they went ahead and got married and they were having the wedding the man who stands up with the groom. You call him the? Ever heard him called the best man? 548: Mm-hmm. I've heard it. Yeah. He's best man alright. Interviewer: Okay what about the woman who stands up with the bride? Ever heard her called anything? 548: Bridesmaid. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Around here do you ever hear of a kind of a noisy celebration? After the wedding a lot of people will follow 'em back to the house and kind of get a little bit rowdy? 548: Yes sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And and throw rice on 'em and tie tin cans kettles and everything else they can find to the car you know? Uh-huh. Yeah. What is that called? Anything in particular? 548: Just married. Interviewer: {NW} Have you ever heard of shivaree or serenade? 548: I've heard of serenade yeah. Interviewer: What would that be? 548: Well it'd just be a bunch used to just a bunch get all tin pans or buckets or whatever they could get and go around somebody's house. Beating them buckets and tin pans and things till the night was over {NS} {X} you don't know music you know that's what they had Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But it wasn't necessarily have to do with the wedding? 548: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Yeah. 548: They'd just serenade somebody anyway. {NW} Interviewer: That's just for gentlemen? 548: Uh-huh. That was way back then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. What about uh your boys and girls just getting together and they're playing music and they get out on the floor and they begin to move around and say their having a? 548: Dance. Interviewer: Yeah. That's right. Did you ever do much of that? 548: Yeah when I got married I did. Interviewer: What kind of dances did you like to do? 548: Charleston mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: But I never I never did even see a step of dancing done 'til I got married. Interviewer: Is that right? 548: My brother-in-law kept trying to get me to dance but I wouldn't do it cause I couldn't. I thought I couldn't but he pulled me out there on the floor and I went straight on to dancing from there on out {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: My husband played music for dancing. {X} so I wouldn't hit 'em. Interviewer: I see. Yeah. Let me ask you about this expression. Say if uh if at three o'clock in the afternoon 548: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 the # the children get out of school. You say that at three o'clock you'd say school? 548: Bus. Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 548: Bus. Interviewer: Oh well. You say school does what at three o'clock? It 548: School's out at three o'clock. Interviewer: Okay. And say if it's uh. If it's been in the summer time and school hasn't been in toward the end of summer somebody might ask well when does school? 548: Start. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Well say a boy left home and he was supposed to go to school 548: Okay. Interviewer: But he never got there on purpose. 548: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 You # say he did what? 548: Played hookie. Interviewer: Yeah. Alright. {NW} And uh sometimes after a person finishes high school he might go on to? 548: College. Interviewer: Okay. And in a schoolroom each child sits behind his own? 548: Desk. Interviewer: Yeah. You got a room full of those things you say you have a room full of? 548: Desks. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Okay. Ask you about a few buildings around town. If you wanted to check out a book you'd go to a? 548: Library. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to mail a package? 548: Go to the post office. Interviewer: Alright and if you had to stay overnight in a strange town? 548: Go to a motel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about if you wanted to see a play or a movie you'd go to the? 548: Theater. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Okay. And if you got sick and had to go in the hospital the woman that would look after you would be called a? 548: A nurse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And what about if you had to catch a train here in town? 548: You have to buy your ticket. Interviewer: And go down to the? 548: Bus station. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or the train? 548: Oh. Train station. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Uh here in town. Well I don't know if you have it here in {X} but in a lot of little towns where you got the court house 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Sometimes you got the businesses arranged around the court house. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call that area? Right in the middle of that stuff? 548: Well I don't I don't know. Court house is all I know. Interviewer: You ever hear people call it the square or court square or courthouse square or something like that? Haven't heard that? 548: No. Interviewer: Okay. What about if you got a building sitting right here. And you got another one right over #1 here # 548: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: you'd say this one is right across from it. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: But what about if it's sitting over here? You'd say it's? 548: In front of that building. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But it is not exactly in front it is off to one side. You'd say it's? 548: {NW} It's off to the side of the other building. Interviewer: Okay. Ever hear people use the the word catty-corner? 548: Yeah. Catty-corner. Interviewer: Would that be right to say that there? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever seen these things people used to use 'em for transportation? They run on rails in town have something like a wire overhead? 548: Yeah. Uh streetcar. Interviewer: Ever ridden on one of those? 548: Nah. I've seen 'em but never did ride one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Or your riding on a bus you might tell the bus driver the next corner is where I want? 548: Want off. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Okay. What about uh what would you say the police in a town are supposed to maintain? 548: They're they're suppose to maintain peace. Keep peace in town. Interviewer: Okay or law. {NW} 548: Uphold the law in town. And uh keep keep the people well just keep peace in town. That's all I can say. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. What about in the day before they had the electric chair. You'd say murderers what? 548: Hung. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Or talking about a man who committed suicide and say he went out and? 548: Hung himself. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Talking about church again. 548: Mm. Interviewer: So you might say after church was over that preacher sure delivered a fine? 548: Message. Interviewer: Okay. Ever heard people call it anything else? 548: Sermon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And talking about if you were listing to the music in a church or something like that you might say that sure was 548: Nice. Interviewer: Or it was beau- 548: Beautiful music. Interviewer: Okay. 548: I love music in my church. Interviewer: What do you have uh to make the music? 548: Well they they got a organ and a they got two organs. And three or four guitars and and a bass guitar and a drum. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. 548: They really make music. Interviewer: {X} 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Let me ask you about this expression. Say if somebody has said something about a another woman? 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And she hears about it and she doesn't like it. She might say well the very? 548: Idea. {NW} Interviewer: You ever said that? 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Oh okay. What would you say if you met a friend of yours you were just walking along downtown and happen to meet a friend of yours. 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about you say in the way of greeting them? You know? Asking about their health. 548: A friend of mine? I'd say well h-how you feel? Probably hug their neck. You know. Shake their hand. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. What if you were walking on downtown and suddenly you met somebody walking the other way that you didn't know would you ever say anything at all to 'em? 548: Uh-huh. I'd say hi. Interviewer: Okay. A lot of people won't say anything. 548: Yeah but I do. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 548: If they look like they'd speak back I will. {NW} Interviewer: Right. 548: They look like they got their head stuck up in the air I don't say anything. Interviewer: Yeah okay. What how would you greet somebody around December the twenty-fifth. Say you hope you have a? 548: A good Christmas. Interviewer: Or merry? 548: Happy new year. Interviewer: Or hope you have a merry Christmas? 548: A merry Christmas. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard people say Christmas {D:gift}? Or Christmas morning? 548: Yeah I've had it pulled off on me a few times. Interviewer: How do they do that? 548: They'd say Christmas gift And they'll They'll say Christmas gift and then I'm supposed to give them something. Interviewer: Mm I see. 548: That They generally get that on me I don't never get to get that off on somebody else. {NW} Interviewer: Way too quick huh? Okay. What about if somebody does you a favor you might say well I sure am much? 548: Surprised. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or if you're expressing you know the fact that you appreciate it. You might say I sure am much to you? 548: Much obliqued to you. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And say if you have some things that you want to get in town you say you need to go up town to do some? 548: Shopping. Interviewer: Okay. And if you bought something you'd say the store keeper took a piece of paper and he? 548: Wrapped it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when you got home you? 548: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: Alright okay. And say if a store is selling things for less than what they paid for? you say they are selling at a ? 548: At a bargain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Or I guess maybe that would be a loss? 548: Yeah. They're taking a loss. Interviewer: Okay. Thank you. {NS} Interviewer: I was saying if uh You see something that you like you'd like to buy it but it's just too expensive. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: You'd say well I'd like to get that but it just too much? 548: Costs too much. Interviewer: Okay. And you say when it's time to pay the bill you say the bill is? 548: Too high. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or when it has come time to pay it. You say the bill is? 548: Too much. I can't think. Interviewer: Or a let's see. {NW} The bill is due. 548: Yeah the bill is due. Interviewer: Okay. And some people who are in clubs they have to pay their? 548: Dues. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Do you want uh {D:house out there}but you haven't got enough money, Maybe you go to your banker and try to? 548: Borrow it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And he might say well I like to give you the money but nowadays money is mighty. 548: Expensive I guess. Interviewer: Or if you haven't got a lot of if you'd say money is mighty? 548: Mighty low. Interviewer: Or scar-? 548: Mighty scared. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about if you were going swimming? When a person runs down the end of the board and goes in like this? 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You'd say he's going to? In the water. You know dive? 548: Dive. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And if he did it yesterday you'd say yesterday he? 548: Dived. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 548: #2 On the # diving board. Interviewer: Right. And he has? Off the board? 548: He has dove off the diving board. Interviewer: Okay. And when he gets into the water he begins to? 548: Swim. Interviewer: Alright. Yeah. Your telling me about it you say yesterday I? 548: Yesterday I went swimming. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or yesterday I? In the water. 548: Yesterday I dove in the water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. You ever seen anybody dive in the water and land flat? Make a popping sound. 548: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Haven't heard that? 548: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Just land flat. Have you ever heard that called anything? 548: Bully-buster. Interviewer: Yeah. Right. 548: Well they tell me that hurts. Interviewer: It does. It hurts. {NW} 548: Man I can't swim. Interviewer: Oh. I see. I see.Okay. 548: But they say that hurts. Interviewer: It sure does. It stings. And maybe if somebody gets in water that's too deep for them they don't know how to swim they might? {NS} Might do what? 548: Drown. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. And you talking about somebody that happened to yesterday you'd say yesterday so-and-so? 548: Drowned. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Yeah. Have you ever heard of around here if you go into the to the store and pay off your bill uh maybe the storekeeper gives you something a little extra. For paying off your bill. 548: Oh yeah they. They you can go pay your bill off they give you a little bit extra on your bill. Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. You ever heard the word lagniappe used that way? 548: What? Interviewer: Lagniappe. Meaning a little gift or something. What is that? Okay. What about if a boy is playing around in the yard he might tuck his head between his legs and kick out his feet and roll like that? #1 You'd say. # 548: #2 Somersault. # Interviewer: Right. Okay. Sure. What would you say a baby does before it is able to walk? It? 548: Crawls. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And if there is something up a tree that I need to get I might have to 548: Climb. Interviewer: Yeah. I did it yesterday I'd say that I? 548: Climbed that tree yesterday. Interviewer: Right. And I have? Plenty of times? 548: Mm. And you have climbed it plenty of times. Interviewer: Okay. Say if uh {NS} talking about somebody who's just really sick. You might say well old so-and-so couldn't even sit up. He just in bed all day? 548: Lay in bed all day. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And sometimes when you go to sleep you know? You begin seeing things in your sleep. And you say that you begin to? 548: Have a nightmare. Interviewer: Or maybe it's not a nightmare you just begin to? It's nothing scary you are just having a regular old? You just begin to dream. 548: Dream yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You were telling me that last night I? About so-and-so. 548: Mm. I I had a dream last night. Interviewer: You dream much? Nightmares? Yeah. 548: No I don't dream much. Interviewer: Okay. What about you say I did if I brought my foot down real hard on the floor? 548: Stomped the floor. {NW} Interviewer: Or say if a boy meets a girl at a party? and he wants to make sure she gets home okay. He might ask her well may I? 548: Walk home with you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Or uh say if you were cooking in the kitchen and there was small children standing around. You might tell 'em well that stove is real hot so? 548: Stay away from that stove. Interviewer: Or don't? 548: Don't touch. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever play uh tag when you were growing up. 548: Yeah. I remember that I Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How did that how did you play that? 548: Well a a bun a bunch of us uh we just stand around you know and uh around in a ring one would get no that was {X} Interviewer: Right. 548: That was playing {X} that is what I'm talking about. Uh-uh we never played tag. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard if you were playing tag there is a place you could run to and be safe? They couldn't get you. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: What was that called? 548: Base. Interviewer: Yeah. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Say if you were going to send me for a knife? You'd tell me go me the knife? 548: Go bring me a knife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Or if we were going to uh meet in town. I might say well if I get there before you do I'll? I'll 548: I'll get here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or I'll we were supposed to be there together you might say I'll wait? 548: I'll can't I'll wait and you go ahead and get {D:it} Interviewer: Okay. 548: Whatever it is. Interviewer: Or say if uh if I think I'm gonna get married before you do 548: Yeah. Interviewer: I'd say well that's okay you don't have to hurry. I'll wait 548: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {D:What do you} a man who's got a smile on his face all the time. You might say well he sure seems to have a good sense of? 548: Humor. {NW} That's the kind of people I like to see. Interviewer: Alright Yeah they're pretty pleasant. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say if uh a little boy left his desk pencil lying on his desk. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But when he came back it was gone. He might say alright who? 548: Who's got my pencil? Interviewer: Yeah okay. Everyone thinks that they are not gonna give it back. You'd say? 548: Who stole my pencil? Interviewer: Okay. Say if uh you want to get in touch with a friend of your's you might sit down and begin to? 548: Write 'em a letter. Interviewer: Maybe you did it yesterday so yesterday I? 548: I wrote I wrote him a letter yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. Alright and I have plenty of times? 548: I have wrote to 'em plenty of times. Interviewer: Alright and after you write the letter you take the envelope and you do what to it? You? 548: You back it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. You might say well I like to write so-and-so but I just don't know his? 548: Address. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Say if a little boy has learned something new like how to whistle between his teeth. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: You might ask 'em well who? 548: Who learned you that? Interviewer: Okay. What about the when you were growing up was there ever a little kid that ran around telling on the other children? 548: Yes sir. Tattle-tale. Interviewer: Tattle-tale. {NW} Yeah. Nobody likes a tattle-tale. 548: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Get in trouble. 548: Mm-mm Interviewer: To you is there any difference between tattling and gossiping? 548: I don't see were there is none. Interviewer: Just the same? #1 thing? # 548: #2 Same thing. # Interviewer: Okay. Say if you've got some flowers growing outside and you decide you want to brighten up your room a little bit? You say I believe I'll put outside? 548: Get me a bouquet I love flowers. Interviewer: Yeah. I do too. What about a these things that children play with you say they got a lot of? 548: Toys. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Ever heard that called anything else? Play-pretty? 548: Yeah. I hear that too. {NW} Interviewer: How would they say that? 548: I that they say well we got a lot of uh a play-pretties. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Say if I have something that you need right now. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: You'd say me that? 548: Give me that. Interviewer: Right. Okay. But I might say well I already? to you. 548: Already gave it to you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Alright. {NS} {NW} {NS} Yeah if your in a hurry you don't just walk somewhere you begin to? 548: Run. Interviewer: Yeah. You'd say I was in a hurry yesterday. Yesterday I? All the way to town. 548: I run all the way to town yesterday. Interviewer: Yeah. And I have plenty of time before? 548: {NW} I have plenty run to town plenty of times before. Interviewer: Okay. Uh say if uh oh if somebody if a little boy was playing around and hit a ball through your glass window. Might say well so-and-so that wasn't an accident. He did that? {NS} That wasn't an accident. He did that? 548: On purpose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And if you want to if wanna know something and you come to me I might say well I'm not going to be able to help you. You better go? Somebody else. 548: Yeah. Go to somebody else. Interviewer: Yeah or? He might come up to me and say well let me you a question. 548: Let me ask you a question. Interviewer: And I think he might I might say well yesterday you the same thing. 548: You asked me the same thing. {NW} Interviewer: And you have? plenty of times before. 548: And you have plenty times before. Interviewer: You have me? 548: Asked me the same question. Interviewer: Yeah okay. And if little boys get mad at each other they might begin to? 548: Fight. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say yesterday they? 548: Yesterday they fought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And they have always? 548: And they and they fought before. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Say if somebody took a knife and did that to somebody you say they did what? 548: Stuck 'em with a knife. Interviewer: Or stab? 548: Stabbed 'em with a knife. Interviewer: What do you have any names for big knifes? 548: Nothing but a butcher knife. Interviewer: That's pretty big. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. But say if a little boy went into the school before a teacher went into the school room {NS} And there were funny pictures of her all over the board. You she might turn around and say well who? 548: Who put them on the board? Interviewer: Uh-uh or who? 548: Who did that? Interviewer: They didn't write the pictures. They? 548: Oh they wrote it down there. Oh who wrote that on the board? Interviewer: Or who drew? 548: Who drew that on the board? Interviewer: Okay. Say if uh a man had a sailing uh a sailboat. And he wanted to get the sails up. He'd say he would say he has to the sail? 548: Wind. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Ever heard of people call that a hoist the sails? {NW} Excuse me. Never heard that expression before? 548: Nah. Interviewer: Hoist the sail. 548: No I don't know much about sailboats. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Alright so about ten o'clock during the day time what would you say to somebody just greeting them? 548: One that I already know? Interviewer: Yeah. 548: Say good morning. You doing alright today? Interviewer: Okay. What would be the latest in the day you'd say good morning? 548: Twelve o'clock. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And after that you'd say? 548: Good evening. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Is that what you call the part of the day after morning? 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 They evening # 548: #2 Evening uh-huh # After twelve. Interviewer: You ever say call it the afternoon? {NS} 548: Yeah sometimes. Interviewer: You call it? 548: I I afternoon I call it evening. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Afternoon evening. Same thing? 548: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Excuse me. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm. What do you say when you are leaving somebody in the day time? 548: Well if I am going a long ways I'll say goodbye or when I get up or if I am going home I say well I I'm going home. Come when you to see me when you can. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What do you say when you are leaving somebody at night? 548: Well so my friends well come on go home with me. {NW} Stay all night. Interviewer: Right. Or otherwise you would just say good? 548: Goodnight. Interviewer: Okay. 548: I'll see you tomorrow. Interviewer: Alright. What about if uh a farmer started working the field? {NW} Before the sun came up 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You'd say he started to work before? 548: Before sun up. Interviewer: And if he stayed out till the sun went down you'd say he stayed out till? 548: Sun down. Do you want? {NS} Interviewer: Yeah do you? {NW} 548: You got a pretty car. Interviewer: Oh thank you. I got to put a lot of miles on it this summer. 548: I bet you did. Interviewer: Riding all around. 548: Are you married? Interviewer: No ma'am. Still single. 548: How old are you? Interviewer: Twenty-eight. {X} {NW} 548: Very few you see. Twenty-eight that ain't married. Interviewer: I know it's true. That's the way it goes, right? 548: That that's good though watch how watch him do it. Interviewer: {NW} I'm not going to jump into anything. 548: No sir. Interviewer: {NW} 548: Watch out what you do. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {D:This morning} my voice is about to give out. Okay. What about uh if you were a little late getting out in the field you might say well by the time we got in the field the sun had already? 548: Come up. It was hot. Interviewer: Yeah. Or it had already risen? 548: Risen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. And you would say uh yesterday at five o'clock the sun? 548: The sun went down at five. Interviewer: Well if it was in the morning? You'd say at #1 five o'clock # 548: #2 Oh. Yeah # Interviewer: the sun? 548: Rise at five. Interviewer: Okay. And if you want to know you might ask somebody what time is the sun gonna? 548: Set this evening. Interviewer: Or what time is it gonna? 548: Rises. Interviewer: Okay. 548: Today. {NS} Interviewer: Let's see if uh if today is Wednesday then Tuesday was? {NS} Today is Wednesday that means Tuesday was? 548: Mm. Uh. Fourth of July. Interviewer: Okay. But was not tomorrow it was? 548: Yesterday. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. What about if somebody came to see you not this last Sunday but the one before that. You'd say that they came to see you? 548: Sunday before last. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or if somebody is going to come see you not this coming Sunday but the one after. You'd say he's coming? 548: Sunday week. Interviewer: Sunday week. Okay. {NW} And if somebody who had company and they stayed from about the first to the fifteenth. You'd say they stay about? 548: A week. Interviewer: Okay or have you ever heard people around here use the word fortnight? Okay. Say if you want to know the time of day. You'd ask me? {C: lots of background noise} 548: What time of day it is? Interviewer: Okay. And I'd say uh well just let me look at my? 548: Clock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about if it was midway between exactly midway between seven and eight o'clock? What time would you call that? {NS} 548: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What if it was fifteen minutes later than half past ten? What would you call that? 548: Mm. Ten minutes later than half past ten. Interviewer: Fifteen minutes later than half past ten. 548: It'd be. fifteen minutes till eleven wouldn't it? Interviewer: Okay. And say something that you have been doing for a long time. You say I been doing that for quite? 548: Quite a while. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And say if nineteen seventy-seven was last year then nineteen seventy-eight is? 548: This year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And something that happened on this day last year. You'd say it happened exactly? 548: On this day last last year. Interviewer: Yes ma'am you'd say it happened exactly? 548: On that day this year. Interviewer: You'd say it happened a year? 548: A year ago. Interviewer: Alright. Okay. Alright somethings about the weather. Uh somebody might go outside and look up at the sky and say well I don't like the look of those dark? 548: Clouds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about a day like today that you know the sun is shinning and just the kind of day you like. You'd say it sure is a? 548: Pretty day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What if it's not like that you got a lot of dark clouds and think it's gonna rain. You'd say it looks like it's gonna be a? 548: If it looks looks dark Oh it looks like it's going to rain. Interviewer: Okay or what kind of day would you call that. Is not not a nice day. It's gonna be a? 548: A nasty day. Interviewer: {NS} Yeah yeah. What would say if clouds are getting thicker and darker. You expect it's gonna rain. You say the weather is doing what? 548: Weather is getting rough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: The way I always say it. Interviewer: Right do you ever hear people say it's threatening? 548: Threatening rain yeah. Interviewer: Threatening rain. Yeah okay. But if it's been cloudy and the sun starts shinning through and the clouds pull away. You say it is doing what? It's? 548: clearing off Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Okay. {NS} Alright. What if what kind of storm would you call it if you have a lot of lightening and thunder going on? 548: Lightening storm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. 548: Or a thunder storm. Interviewer: You might say well I just got my clothes hung up on the line when the wind came along and? 548: Blowed 'em off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh you might say that wind sure does hard? 548: Blow hard. Interviewer: It has everything down? 548: It has every everything down. Blows my clothes line down. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} What what would you say if the wind has been very gentle but it is gradually getting stronger? You'd say the wind is doing what? 548: Wind is rising. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or if it's if it's been strong but it's gradually getting more gentle. You'd say it's? 548: It's it's getting more weaker. Interviewer: Okay. What about if you go out in the morning during the fall and it's just the kind of weather that you like to be out in. It might be a little on the cool side but it's not uncomfortable. 548: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say it's kind of out here? 548: Nice out here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. 548: I love it out there. Interviewer: I do too. Ever heard people use the the word airish. It's kind of airish? 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What is that like? 548: Well that's when it's just a little bit average. It's not plum cold and it ain't hot either. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: When it's just a little bit cool. Interviewer: Is it uncomfortable? 548: Well it is if you ain't got sleeves on. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Say in the winter time when it's getting colder you might go outside and there will be a light coat of white on the ground. It's ice particles and say you had a little? 548: Snow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or if its not exactly snow. 548: Ice. Freeze. Interviewer: Or a frost? 548: Frost yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Or some frosts are worse than others? 548: Oh yeah man. It's just they call 'em some of 'em killing frost. Everything is just you know pretty and green till you have that killing frost and then it just kills everything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. You might say it got so cold last night that the lake? 548: Froze over. Interviewer: Okay. And if it gets much colder the pond might? 548: Might freeze too. Interviewer: And it has? plenty of times before? it has? 548: It has froze before though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Alright. 548: Would you rather have tea than water? Interviewer: Oh this is fine. It is really preferable. It's fine. Okay just. {NW} Just to get uh pronunciation would you say kind of slowly for me the months of the year? 548: I couldn't to save my life. Interviewer: {X} Do you know what month this is right now? 548: No. Interviewer: Okay well uh let's see. Well what about if I just say 'em and you repeat after me. Would that be okay? Okay. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: January. 548: January. Interviewer: February. 548: February. Interviewer: March. 548: March. Interviewer: April. 548: April. Interviewer: May. 548: May. Interviewer: June. 548: June. Interviewer: July. 548: July. Interviewer: August. 548: August. Interviewer: September. 548: September. Interviewer: October. 548: October. Interviewer: November. 548: November. Interviewer: December. 548: December. Interviewer: Okay. What about the days of the week? Could you say them for me? 548: Mm-hmm. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of people around here call Sunday anything else? 548: The sabbath. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. What does that mean to you? The sabbath. 548: Well that's the day the lord made to be holy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: And that's why they call it sabbath. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Okay. What about this expression you might say well sometimes you feel that your uh your good luck comes a little bit at a time but it seems your bad luck comes? 548: All at all at once, Interviewer: Right. {NW} Right. Uh and then again just for pronunciation. 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh. Could you count for me from one to fourteen slowly? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 548: One Two {NW} three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen. Interviewer: Okay and the number after nineteen is? 548: Twenty. Interviewer: Okay and after twenty-six is? 548: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Alright and after twenty-nine is? 548: Thirty. Interviewer: And after thirty-nine? 548: Is forty? Interviewer: Okay and after sixty-nine? 548: seventy. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine? 548: It's a hundred. Interviewer: Okay and after nine hundred ninety-nine that's one? 548: thousand. Interviewer: Okay and big number ten times a hundred thousand is one? 548: Million. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. The day of the month that the bills are due is usually the? 548: First. Interviewer: And after that is the? 548: Second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth. Interviewer: Right around our fingers? 548: Ten. Mm-hmm Interviewer: I want to ask you about uh again just for pronunciation. 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: The names of uh {NW} some of states and cities. If uh you just repeat them after I say 'em. Okay. Uh and tell me if you ever been there or heard of 'em before. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh New York state. 548: I've heard of it but I ain't been there. Interviewer: Okay. Could you say it for me? 548: New- New York state. Interviewer: Yeah okay just repeat these after me. 548: Oh. Interviewer: Maryland. 548: Maryland. Interviewer: Oh Okay Virginia. 548: Virginia. Interviewer: Okay North Carolina. 548: North Carolina. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay South Carolina. 548: South Carolina. Interviewer: Georgia. 548: Georgia. Interviewer: Ever been there? Okay. Uh Florida. 548: Florida. Interviewer: Okay. Alabama. 548: Alabama. Interviewer: Have you been to Alabama? I'll have to get over there sometime. 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh Louisiana. 548: Louisiana. Interviewer: Ever been there? Uh Kentucky. 548: Kentucky. Uh-uh. Interviewer: Tennessee. 548: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Say that for me. 548: Tennessee. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Missouri. 548: Missouri. {NS} Interviewer: Ar- Arkansas. 548: Arkansas. Interviewer: Ever been there? 548: Yeah. Interviewer: Been there. Okay. Uh Texas. 548: Mm-hmm. Texas. Interviewer: Okay. Oklahoma. 548: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Okay. Massachusetts. 548: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Okay. Ever heard of uh the New England states? 548: I've heard of it. Interviewer: Okay. Can you say that for me? 548: Massachusetts. Interviewer: New England. 548: New England. Interviewer: Okay a few cities now. Baltimore. 548: Baltimore. Interviewer: Okay Washington D.C. 548: Washington D.C. Interviewer: And Saint Louis. 548: Saint Louis. Interviewer: Okay uh Charleston. 548: Charleston. Interviewer: Birmingham. 548: Birmingham. Interviewer: Chicago. 548: Chicago. Interviewer: Okay. Montgomery. 548: Montgomery. Interviewer: Mobile. 548: Mobile. Interviewer: You know where that is? Uh have you ever heard of uh the Gulf of Mexico. 548: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Body of water. Say that for me. 548: Gulf of Mexico. Interviewer: Alright. Um Nashville. 548: Nashville. Interviewer: Okay. Knoxville. 548: Oxville? Interviewer: Knoxville. 548: Knoxville. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Ever heard of that? Chattanooga. 548: Chattanooga. Interviewer: Okay uh Asheville 548: Asheville. Interviewer: Or uh Memphis 548: Memphis. Interviewer: Okay then okay. 548: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Atlanta. 548: Atlanta. Interviewer: Savannah. 548: Savannah. Interviewer: Macon. 548: Macon. Interviewer: Columbus. 548: Columbus Interviewer: New Orleans. 548: New Orleans. Interviewer: Okay. Baton Rouge. 548: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Okay. Cincinnati. 548: Cincinnati Interviewer: Louisville. 548: Louisville. Interviewer: Okay and just a few foreign countries uh. You ever heard of Moscow? 548: I've heard of it. Interviewer: You know where it is? 548: Moscow uh-uh Interviewer: Russia. 548: Ru-Russia. Russia. Interviewer: And what about Paris? 548: Paris. Interviewer: Okay France. 548: France. Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay and Ireland. 548: Uh Ireland uh-uh. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: You must have stayed in Mississippi all your life? 548: I have. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Don't like to travel too much? 548: Yes I like to travel but when I raised my children I didn't have the money to travel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: My husband he was sick a lot of the time. So didn't get to travel. Interviewer: You said you'd been on a visit to see your son in Texas though. 548: Yeah. I got sick and had to go out there. Interviewer: Oh is that right? 548: And that's how I could I be out there. He come got me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you get over at the sixty plus thing today? 548: You know I missed that. Interviewer: I heard that happened. 548: Uh my daughter in law brought me in. I've been trying to get out there and pay my rent. And they were going to charge me overtime if I didn't pay it. This morning. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: And so I uh got a car and went out there and paid my rent. And as I got upstairs I tried to open the door I heard Ms. Pool blow the horn out there. Interviewer: Oh. 548: And before I could get down and get out there. Then it was fifteen till twelve. She was in a hurry. She was gone. Interviewer: Uh. 548: I didn't get to go. Interviewer: Mm. And they have that everyday of the #1 week? # 548: #2 everyday # Everyday. But now uh there's a church brings some people like you know blind or really unable to get out Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: they bring them lunch on Saturday and Sunday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: But now we go out and eat. Uh five days a week. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 548: But we don't get none on Saturday and Sunday. We have to cook. Interviewer: I see. That's not bad two days a week I guess. 548: No that ain't too bad. I sure would have liked to go today though. Interviewer: Do they usually have pretty good meals?. Over there. 548: Yeah. Biggest part of the time they do. Now they had a good meal there Friday. And uh so they were gonna give us a cold pack and for two days. That we was off. You know through the fourth and we didn't go back. Well they got some uh lunches in cold packs like that. Apples and oranges and you know? Look raisins you know? Well a little bit of whole lot of different stuff you know? And you get two of them. But you know I didn't even get to go. The one that was supposed to carry didn't carry. Interviewer: Mm. 548: And uh so I didn't get mine. Which I wouldn't have had to cook yesterday. I'd have me something already cook. Interviewer: Do you like to cook? 548: No. {NW} I had to do too much of that when I was raising my family. Interviewer: What's the hardest thing you have ever had to cook? {NS} 548: Really I don't know. Only talking about uh uh. Interviewer: The reason I asked is maybe something like cakes. My mom I was talking to my mom on the telephone last she said that she tried to make two and they both fell. So that sounded like it would be pretty hard to me to do right. 548: Well uh well my cakes used to fall if I made 'em up you know. from scratch I caught 'em you know you put I I always put when I had my family three cups of sugar and about half a dozen eggs. And uh so I I make my cake up seven layers. It would be about that high. Interviewer: Seven. 548: Seven layers. Interviewer: That's a pretty big cake. 548: You you know layers. You know what I am talking about? Interviewer: I thought I did but I guess I don't. 548: There there thin you know you make 'em thin. which you stack 'em up on top of one another. Interviewer: Oh okay. 548: Seven of 'em. Interviewer: I don't cook. I don't know. 548: Well I know you saw homemade cook cakes cooked. And uh so that's what I had to cook when I was raising my family I mean uh. I used to cook a no little one. Interviewer: Yeah I see. Yeah. Did you ever make birthday cakes and stuff like that? What kind of cakes did you even make? 548: Well really I didn't ever fool with none hardly on Christmas or something like that. But one time one of my boys he was sick the whole time I but anyway I cooked a a coconut cake and that is what he liked. And we had one of those old ice boxes that you could buy a chunk of ice put it in that box and then you set down what you set down onto there little old place down there. I went to cook my cakes early that Christmas. So I cooked me a nice coconut cake. It looked so good you know. And he kept begging me for a piece of that cake. Now I wouldn't give it to him. And around that porch we had a a wide plank nailed to where the children couldn't get out the back you know? And so I went out there looking for my cake and it was gone. It pickled me. I thought you know next door just took it. meaning to give it back you know it was frank for somebody going to do that. And so I I don't know. Late that evening early the next morning I noticed and that boy had gotten that cake out of that ice box. And he couldn't get the door open and he set it up on the edge of that plank While he opened the door and it just {X} Interviewer: Oh god. 548: Man Sticky sticky mess. {NW} He never got my cake Interviewer: That's terrible. That's terrible. Mm. You reckon it's gonna stay hot outside? 548: I imagine. This month and next is supposed to be the hottest month we have yet. Interviewer: Has it gotten over a hundred here yet? 548: I ain't got nothing to keep up with it with. Interviewer: I was in driving around in Arkansas last summer about this time and I drove into {D:El Dereo} Arkansas and it was one-hundred and eight. 548: Oh gee. Interviewer: Oh goodness gracious. The hottest place I've been yet. 548: You have got air conditioning {NW} I thought you better have Interviewer: Either that or be packing ice. {NW} {NW} It's rough. 548: I know. Interviewer: Sure does. 548: It gets rough. {NS} Well I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: If uh if you would in just your ordinary, conversational voice count up to twenty, please. Uh watch this, and see how it's recording. 556: One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty. Interviewer: Alright, sir. And uh would you say the days of the week and the months of the year? 556: Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. December. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} That'll do very nicely. {NS} Ignore it. These are wonderful gadgets. They're really uh much better systems of recording this 556: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 material than trying to take notes. # 556: As president found out. #1 I have a I have his book I've got I got the book. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah, so that's uh. I uh this thing is the same tape machine that Rosemary {NS} uses. 556: The eighteen minute gap. Interviewer: A pretty refined recorder, but it does act up occasionally. And uh I was struggling with it one day and the lady I was interviewing a lady who was very patient {X} watching me work this knob, but it still wouldn't pick up the voice. She said, "Oh the more I look at you, the more working the tape recorder more, I think you must be a Republican." 556: {C: laughing} Well, I tell you I I like to vote for the man and not the party. Friend says I voted for Eisenhower. {X} Oh I voted for Goldwater. #1 So I don't think # Interviewer: #2 This uh # 556: party business. Interviewer: Most unfortunate uh thing I I don't know how it strikes you, but it really does uh. I read this morning that {X} six months. 556: Sixteenth one that's gone to jail. That miserable? Interviewer: It really is. Uh. And you well it's {X}. It really does. It's it's a bad thing to live through. 556: I know it. It's Interviewer: Hard to uh take. 556: Political expediency. Interviewer: {NW} Now those apparently there's no no end in sight it's 556: No, no, it just keep on going worse. Bad to worse. Interviewer: I'd like to start with uh some questions about the farm. 556: Right. Interviewer: Well, that uh there were some items yesterday that uh we were talking about that I'd like to get on tape. In case we don't uh get uh we don't get them again. You said that you used to take um shell of a corn and take it to the mill. And one day they couldn't take care of you. Uh cause he was what? Uh. 556: #1 Uh, are you recording now? # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # Yes, we're all set. 556: Well, uh the miller told me I couldn't get any meal that day because Uncle Abner was pecking on the rock. Well, I had no idea what pecking on the rock meant, but I I heard this noise inside the mill house, and I went in there and this old nigger had the mill stone out. This enormous mill stone weighed probably two-hundred and fifty pounds, and he had a hammer and a coal chiller and it was He was sharpening the rock, see? There was uh indentations on the rock that we could smooth in time and wouldn't grind the corn well, so he had to sharpen 'em with an empty just about all day to sharpen the rock. I'll show you the rock out there when we get through. Interviewer: See, I'd like to take a picture of it. 556: And that's that's what he was doing. so I had to go back the next day and get the meal. Interviewer: And I think uh at the time we ask you uh whether you used the word turn for that amount 556: Oh yeah. We used to uh I've often heard my grandfather tell one of the nigger hands to bring in a turn of wood. Armful of wood. and he often used that term. {X} was a common term turn. Interviewer: It just meant a certain amount, uh depending 556: Well, just an arm or- #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Was a turn. # 556: He'd say bring in a turn of wood. Well, that just meant an armload of {D: starting} wood for the fire. {NS} Interviewer: And uh you also mentioned uh talking about birds and the peckerwood song. 556: No. {C: laughing} Well, the old slaves and the old uh niggers on the place, they still sang these old songs dating back I don't know how far and that particular song I remember some verses of different I I'm sorry I didn't write 'em all down at the time. But this particular song ran like this. Peckerwood, peckerwood, peckerwood. What makes your head so red? The jaybird stole my Yankee cap, and the sun done burnt my head. In other words, after the war the confederates or um federal soldiers who we had a uh This was occupied town for several years, a company of soldiers. And when they got rid of the old uniform, they just threw them to the side, and the niggers put them on. And the blue caps they'd said half the niggers in town had on a a federal army cap. It was a blue cap but with the the. The blue jay has a blue head, you see and so that's where that came from. Interviewer: That's peckerwood song. 556: Yeah. My Yankee cap. Interviewer: And uh you also mentioned that interesting how a change in patrol 556: Oh. Yeah, well, they used to sing this old song. I remember one verse. It ran run nigger run The patrol will catch you. Run nigger run. It's almost day. That nigger run, that nigger flew, that nigger tore his shirt in two. Run nigger run. The patrol will catch you. Run nigger run. It's almost day. Well I was just a child, I used to ask what was a patrol, and they'd say oh now that's bad folks they get you. You gotta watch out for the patrollers. And afterwards learning what it meant was the patrols. who patrolled the roads at night to see that the slaves didn't run away or get into A slave couldn't had to have a pass, in other words. If he had a pass, it was okay. If he had a pass from his master to visit another plantation, that was fine. They just let him go. But if he didn't have that pass. They took him back home. Where he belonged so. Interviewer: {X} 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Patrol the runaway. And uh. I'd also like you to uh to recall your your mammy and uh the Uncle Remus. 556: Oh. My dear old Aunt Jane. My old colored mammy. And she was up in her eighties at the time. I was a child and her father was a African savage brought over here and she was one of the finest, nicest, cleanest old Christian women I ever knew in my life was my dear old Aunt Jane. And at night the people all went over to the church about a mile away and left me at home with Aunt Jane and we'd sit in front of the big old log fire and she'd tell me these Tales Br'er rabbit and the tar baby and so on and so and uh she would string 'em out. I imagine it'd take an hour to tell some of 'em. It's just entertaining me, see? so I find after I got up some years in age I bought a copy of Uncle of George {X} Chandler Harris' Uncle Remus. and lo and behold, out of all the tales, I knew 'em just about by heart cause old Aunt Jane had told me. She could neither read nor write, so they were bound to have been handed down to her from previous generations, but there they those tales were just exactly like George Chandler Harris had written them down. and I knew 'em all. Interviewer: I think you also uh made an interesting comment on uh how Aunt Jane's uh sometimes a determined woman and uh {C: laughing} uh you said that she where did she worship uh? 556: She went to our church. She wouldn't go to the colored church. I remember one night about a mile from our house they had a The colored folks had a big protracted meeting up there, and persuaded Aunt Jane to go, much against her will, but she went one night with the rest of 'em and the next day she came back and I heard the other cook the other nigger say, "Aunt Jane, what happened to you last night?" Said uh You like to broke up the meeting. And I said, "Aunt Jane, what'd you say?" Oh, nothing. I said, "What was it?" She said, "Well, I'll tell you." Said It was a hot night and in August and one of the big, fat sisters got to shouting. Jumped up and shouting, "What must I do? What must I do? What must I do?" She said, "I'll tell you right quick what to do. Mama said you go home and wash." Said, "You stink!" Interviewer: {C: laughing} 556: And that just brought the house down, and she didn't go back up there anymore. Interviewer: {NW} 556: Said I'll tell you right quick. {C: laughing} So she'd come down here to visit us quite often. She'd come down. Her daughter was our cook here in Macon, and she'd come down to visit us. and on Sunday morning, she put on her She had a a brooch she wore that my grandmother gave her and little white collar round her satin black dress and she'd put that dress out and go just as walk just as straight as this First Baptist Church here as anybody. Just stepped and nobody asked her a question. She'd always gone to white church, and she didn't know any better. And she was always welcome. And she walked as a straight in that white church up there and take her seat. {NW} I remember the first time I went in there one day and went to sit down, looked down, there sat Aunt Jane and was very much embarrassed. But {NS} it was alright. {NS} She was some character, I'll tell you. She was quite a character. Interviewer: Alright. 556: And a tiny little woman. She couldn't have weighed over a hundred pounds. Barely just. Interviewer: Very uh spirited and intelligent woman. I uh I'd like to ask you to answer questions about the farm that you remember. The uh different buildings outside in addition to the home. 556: Well, of course, down down a slight incline was a big barn probably possibly two hundred yards from the house was a big barn which had a loft where they put the hay in and uh on the right as you entered was a corn crib which is a room well probably big as this where they kept the corn and then the horse stalls and mules were down each side of the barn and the hay and the fodder was kept up in the loft which is a lodge place up there, and that's where all the hay and fodder was kept. Interviewer: Do you have uh did your grandma sit in any small greens? 556: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: No, before my day they use used they formerly raised a lot of wheat. There was there were wheat mills that the farmers around here never bought flour. They all raised you on wheat. And there were a lot of wheat mills that ground the wheat. But when I came up, they they had discontinued the wheat mill but the corn mill was still running. Some of them ran by water power and some by steam power. And they were still running and that's where they got all the meal from, and it was good meal. You take water ground corn meal. That's the best bread in the world. It's It's ground cold you know it don't heat up like this This uh meal they got now? Interviewer: I was wondering uh whether you had anything called a granary, greenery, something like that. 556: No, the corn was all uh stored in the crib unshucked and when they wanted to go to the mill, they had to get it out and shut it and put it in sack take it down to the grist mill. Interviewer: Did you have uh small sheds for tools or {X}? 556: Well, yeah. You had a shed for the tools and the main building out in the yard was a smokehouse. Now that was the important place. That's where they kept all the hams and bacon and sausages stored and and the barrels of molasses and the niggers would come up on Saturday, and they'd get their meat and meal and molasses, whatever it was, you know and And that was good meat, too. Stored uh. These hams and shoulders and bacon and sausage. This old aunt of mine, I thought she could make the best smoked sausage in the world. Stuffed it, you know, and Interviewer: Where'd she stuff it in? 556: Stuffed it in the intestines or the, you know. Had to stuff 'em. {NW} And then she'd Tie it up about like in a oh maybe three feet long and Hang it over the Beams and smoke it uh with hickory smoke. Boy, that was good sausage. Interviewer: Uh, speaking of sausage. Uh, did you ever hear of liver sausage or blood sausage? 556: Yeah, but that's that's uh German. I've heard of it, but we didn't have anything like that. All I saw it was made out of Interviewer: Or anything called a cheese or {X}? 556: Well, they made what they called uh Hog head cheese, which was souse. You know, so you know what souse is. That was that's that's what the souse that we called it. Interviewer: But nothing of the blood or? 556: No. Uh. Interviewer: Uh. {NS} The place where you keep the cows uh where were they kept inside and out? 556: Well, they had what they called the cow pen. They the cows were driven up at night to be milked and the calves were kept away from them, you see and during the day the calves were kept in this pen and they were driven up at night from the pasture and milked and and then when they got through milking 'em they turned 'em out with the calves. Calves got what was left. I used to I had six calves to milk day and night. {NW} Interviewer: Um when they uh the cow would be uh separated from the calf. {C: coughs} What what words would you use to describe the sound that the two would make with the uh with the calf uh? Cow would low. 556: Oh, the cow low. Oh sure, they'd call their calves. You see, you kept the calves separated from the cows during the day because the calves would get all the milk if it's if they ran with the cows. So you'd you'd you kept your calves in the pen during the day and And turned the cows out to pasture. Well, they came in that night. You're still you let the calves for just a short while start 'til the milk came down. Then you're not getting any and push the calf off, got through milking him, then you turn it back, turn your calves back in. Interviewer: When you separate the calves from the cows, what kind of sounds would the calves make? 556: Oh they would of course they would. The calves would low and so were the cows. They would Yeah. That was Interviewer: The reason I ask a question like that is that some places I'm told the sound was described as a bleat. That point that the cows would bleat. 556: Well, the calves now they they have a different tone from the cows of course. The cows would low, you know, and the calves would uh Well, it was just a small imitation of the of the adult low one. Interviewer: And uh how about the hogs? Where did you keep {X}? 556: Oh boy, that hog killing was something. Yeah, they uh kept the hogs. Uh long in the fall, they'd build a big pen and put the fattening hogs in this pen. Some eight or ten and and pour the corn to 'em and just get 'em just as fat as they could be. And my grandfather would actually watch the weather, you know, whether there would be a cold spell. He had no refrigeration. And he would figure well it's gonna be cold. Alright, we'll kill hogs, so everything came in now that was a big day. All the colored folks came in and their hands and they had a hog killing. Scald him and scrape the hair off of him. You know, that was a big day. And we loved to eat the liver on a stick over the fire. And we'd take the bladders and blow 'em up and make balloons out of 'em. But that was a big day and oh lord it would be terrible if the weather turned hot and lose all your meat. And we just prayed it would stay cold 'til we could get it all cut up and salted down and then after a cer- certain time in the salter, put it in the smokehouse and smoke it. It looked like the house was on fire the the smoke you know boiling out of every crack and crevice in the roof in the sides. Interviewer: What kind of smoke uh what did you 556: Hickory smoke. Hickory smoke. {C: coughing} Interviewer: The uh you mentioned the uh scraping uh the hog. Did you have a special name for the hair that stood up at the back if it got mad? 556: Bristles. Interviewer: {X} 556: Called 'em bristles. See they had a big pot there with the boiling water and you'd put the hog in that boil after you killed him and then that'd loosen the hair and you'd scape the hair off of him. You never skin a hog. You scrape the hair off it, you see. You scraped it off. Interviewer: The two uh long teeth. 556: Niggers called 'em tushes. {NW} We had wild hogs down in the swamp. We could live close to a swamp. And the niggers would go down quite often wild hog hunting. And I remember one uh one night one of the niggers brought me back he said I brought you something I said what is it I got you a pair of tushes. Tusks. They were about that long. They were vicious things. He'd knocked them out with an ax and brought 'em to me. I kept 'em for years and I let 'em get away from it. Those things would turn back outside the mouth. Interviewer: Now these would be would they have long {C: coughing} excuse me uh long snouts? 556: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Yeah, so they really were 556: Called 'em pine rooters. Long snouts pine rooters and uh they could run and lean and lanky. Vicious, too. Uh, we had an old nigger named Scott Howard but one of the hands there They came back laughing at Scott the next morning One of these hogs got after Scott and he ran to the little tree and right up the little tree and the little tree bent down with him. And that hog said it was just missing him by inches. He was hanging at the top of the tree. And that hog was snapping at him. One of them ran up and shot him. Interviewer: Uh I've heard that they actually can kill a man. 556: Oh, they can. They're vicious. You take up in the mountains of North Carolina where they have those wild boars. They're vicious things, especially if you get around where the where the young are. I had one it wasn't a wild hog jumped on me knocked me down one day I was squirrel hunting and I got too close to where she had pigs. And that sow made a lunge at me, knocked me down. Didn't bite me anything, but boy. Interviewer: It's really ambitious. Uh, I'd like to ask you more questions about the uh different kinds of meat {NW} later on maybe about the about the hog meat. How about the chickens? Did you keep 556: Oh yeah. Chickens, guineas, turkeys, ducks. Interviewer: Oh, where did you keep the chickens? 556: Just turn 'em loose. Let 'em fend for themselves. Interviewer: If uh they if you had a setting hen or chickens would you keep her in a certain place? 556: Oh we had a we had a big chicken house with a nest rows of nests down each side with the roosts uh in the middle. Interviewer: {C: coughing} Did you have a smaller place to keep uh keep the chickens uh small chicks? 556: No, we just turned 'em loose. We had uh what we had out in the backyard was what my mother called a fattening coop. It was in two stories. And we always kept the chickens these chickens to eat in this coop where we fed 'em. And there as the top one would They would progress. See? The top coop was the oldest chickens. They were the fattest. And then they would slow down, you'd move them up. Move these from the bottom up there. Interviewer: {D: fryings or?} 556: Uh frying sized chickens and I remember one day. We had a good friend in Mobile with the name Abe {NS} He ran a big liquor store. By the way, I have some of his jugs right there now. Abe {NS} was a big friend of our family's and one day during the hog killing day course for hog on hog killing day all you had for lunch was bare spare ribs and backed bones and liver and so forth. And just before lunch, Abe drove up in a buggy. This big he was a Jew. Hundred percent Jew. My mother said, "Oh, there's Abe. He can't eat all this pork and hog meat." And she told the cook, "Run out to the coop fattening coop quick and get a couple of chickens and fry for Abe." So the cook tore out out there, killed two chickens, and had 'em all fixed and Abe didn't touch chickens. He he was grinning from one ear to the other with those spare ribs. And we thought he didn't touch the chicken. I thought that was ridiculous. That Jew sitting there eating that hog meat. He said {D: shucks, did I eat} He said I haven't got that much religion. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Bet he enjoyed it. Uh {C: clearing throat} the the hen uh uh nest of eggs uh you would call do you remember the hen that would sit on be on the nest. 556: Yeah, she was a setting hen. Interviewer: Setting hen. 556: And it marked the eggs. Always mark the eggs. My grand- my grandmother would take the egg and a pencil and mark 'em all the way around. I can still mark that egg just like she did. To keep to tell them from the fresh eggs, you know. You know sometimes the hen might drop a little egg in the nest, but she'd mark these eggs with a pencil. Put twelve or fifteen eggs under each hen. And they had little coops for them at night to go in. Little egg coops. Looked a bit like the letter A. A and the coops out in the little yard. Course they'd when the hen would first hatch, he'd put her in that coop and shut her up. For maybe a day and so she'd get used to that particular coop and at night she'd go back there with the chickens, and she'd let the door down at night. So they Interviewer: How about the uh to to feed the hogs, you you penned them up only to fatten them. 556: Just to {C: phone ringing} trap 'em. Just {NS} Excuse me, I {NS} Interviewer: Would you {C: clearing throat} feed the hogs scraps or table? 556: Oh yeah. Interviewer: And and how would that be 556: Slop, they called it. Yeah, just table scraps that uh had a big uh can out the kitchen window and anything edible that was left over had a trough uh you know uh shaped like a But their main fare was corn. To fatten 'em up. Fatten 'em on corn. Oh, they got the scraps from the table and anything like that that they would eat. Interviewer: When you fed the animals, did you have a certain name for the time of day? Was that uh around {X} 556: Well, they generally fed the hogs at the in the late afternoon, night. Interviewer: I mean, would you call it feed time, chore time? 556: Yeah, feed. That's feed time. Hog feeding time, we called it. Hog feeding. Interviewer: And uh while we're on the subject of hogs, would you explain the different names like uh gilt and choat and barrow and 556: {NW} Yeah, well Course uh uh At a castration uh that was one of the main things. We had an old neighbor who did mostly castration, and she also spayed the sows. And they were to be fattened, you see. But the others. And uh and of course. Some of the some of the men and some of the people that turn their hogs loose in the swamp. And the cows a big swamp there and they would mark the hogs by cutting a certain mark in the ears, you know. Swallow fork in the left ear and a crop in the right one. Each farmer had his own And so he could tell his hogs by his marks on the ears. And uh well I had one old uncle who lived down there he never did get his cows out to stay in the swamp all the time. Went down to the swamp to milk 'em. That was a river swamp. He had a big pen right close by. Right on the river. I've gone down there with him, helped him drive up the cows in the swamp. He'd milk 'em. He had two five gallon cans across a horse's back. It was about two miles down after where he milked. And when we'd get back to the house with those two cans of milk, I've often seen pieces of butter floating around in that milk. It would churn up the horse's Yeah, and a lot of people don't believe that, but I've seen that butter and that milk Interviewer: It's reasonable uh these words uh gilt and uh shoat if you've ever used them. 556: Well a shoat yeah a shoat was a young hog. Anything was called a shoat. In fact, I got a first cousin whose nickname is shoat today and he's still called him shoat. He looked like he looked like a little pig when he was a kid and we got to calling him shoat. {NS} His nickname today is still shoat. Interviewer: Gilts or barrow? 556: Well, a barrow was a castrated boar. Interviewer: And a gilt? Do you remember that term at all? 556: I remember that term. I think that was a sow that had been operated on, I believe it was. Interviewer: Did you uh feel free to say boar around uh women? 556: Sure. Interviewer: You did? 556: Just like a bull, ain't no difference. Interviewer: Yes. 556: A bull. Interviewer: What would you use for the male horse? 556: Stud. Interviewer: Stud? 556: Stud. Interviewer: And this was spoken freely around women. It was not, there was no 556: #1 Well, I # Interviewer: #2 Temptation # 556: I don't I don't remember any I know a bull was a bull and a male hog was a boar. As far as I can remember there. Interviewer: There are some areas of the state uh people recalled a great sense of delicacy about around women they'd never say anything but male. Uh male horse and male male hog. 556: Well, that might've been so, but I I don't remember that. Interviewer: Well, this this region may very well have been more sophisticated and not uh 556: I know we felt no inhibitions at all about talking about a bull. Uh. This, that, and the other. I I can't I can't remember any Interviewer: I think she uh uh this is a little bit off the subject, but is there a difference is you sense in the big sense of social difference between the hill country and plantation country and uh uh are you 556: Well, I up up where you see this prairie section runs through here. You know, from Tupelo down through here, we live in this here what they call a black prairie section. The niggers call it prairies {C: pronounced prayers}. I heard Dr. Cook make a speech. He was president of Mississippi, the University of Southern Mississippi. Down in Jackson, he said, "Now I was born up in the prairies" {C: pronounced prayers} He said, "Now listen, I'm not making a grammatical error." Says in the west is prairies, but he says where I live near Crawford, Mississippi, it's prairies {C: pronounced prayers} And said and the niggers still referred to this area as the prairies {C: pronounced prayers} As opposed to the hills out on the On the western part where we're living. Interviewer: I bring it up because uh my impression is that the hill people in the hill country uh may have had uh more inhibitions about this than uh 556: Well, it it was it was slight, but uh there was uh people you know lived in the prairie section, they thought they had better land and uh you know, and it maybe it was better land. This black land you seen it between here and Columbus. It is a different land. Now, that's called the sandy land. The niggers referred to it as the sandy land and the prairies {C: pronounced prayers}. And see this Seminole railroad was a pretty good dividing line. If you'll notice. You go over this way you get in the sandy land over here is the prairies {C: pronounced prayers} And there was maybe some slight Interviewer: I did some interviewing in uh Ponotoc, and uh I got the impression there that there was pretty sharp social differences. 556: Well well, it was, but it was uh Interviewer: Planned people looked down on the the gray land and 556: Well, you're right. It was some slight I'll say it was it was some slight Interviewer: And to carry this out uh the religious uh and moral feelings may have been much more strict and {X} people who wouldn't use boar, bull, stuff like that. 556: I know the niggers They had, they didn't have much use For the ones who lived in the sandy land. I live in the prairies {C: pronounced prayers}, rich land. Black land, a nigger live on sandy land. Interviewer: I see. 556: Oh boy, there, it was more marked among the niggers was than white people, to tell you the truth. Yeah, because they didn't have much use for a sandy land nigger. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Those those things are fascinating and yet uh they were very hard to understand and define out there. 556: Well, unless you lived with it and lived through it. Interviewer: Did you have any sheep, uh? 556: Yes, we had uh one of my grandfathers raised quite a few sheep. And I had an old uncle up lived just a mile up from us uh a couple of mile up the road from us who sheared some sheep and they sent that wool to {D: Zatarila} who's up in Virginia. And they spun that wool and sent them back two suits of clothes made out of that undyed and it was the warmest clothes you ever saw. They made him a coat and pants and vest out of their own wool. And and sent those suits and they wore around you know just every day. Terrible looking things, but they were serviceable. And very warm. Interviewer: The uh male and female of the uh sheep. What'd you call? 556: Ewe. E-W-E. Was a ewe. Interviewer: Alright, and the male? 556: Buck. Interviewer: Buck? 556: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 556: And you had to watch that buck or he would butt you down. My grandfather had a big red pole bull one day and I saw that he and that one of the big old bucks got into an argument there and that buck backed off about fifty feet and took a flying start and he hit that bull inside with his head and knocked him down. Interviewer: Did you hear it? 556: Yes sir. He He really knocked him off his feet. He just turned the head, long horns, you know. He hit that bull in his side, boy and, over he went. Interviewer: The uh I've often heard people talk about the uh problems they had with dogs, the sheep. Do you remember any uh? 556: Yeah, they dogs were bad on sheep. They would kill 'em. Just for meanness, evidently. Uh, they would kill 'em. And kill another, just kill 'em. Just for Course to try to keep 'em controlled, grandfather would take his shotgun out and kill every one he could see. But that wasn't so so terribly bad. But it did happen. Course but dogs we kept at the home when you know during the bird dogs, pointers, and setters because of my father and all they liked to hunt quail and they All the dogs we kept were bird dogs. Interviewer: And a short dog or a small dog like that it's makes a lot of noise and very 556: Well, we never had anything but bird dogs. Interviewer: Uh, I was wondering about the term feist. 556: Yeah, well there's a feist. But we didn't fool with anything but bird dogs. Some of the neighbors now were Were like to hunt foxes and They had hounds. But we never had no hounds. My daddy he was a fox hunter. He loved to hunt quail, and he and my uncles So we always kept some nice bird dogs. Interviewer: Do you remember, as a boy, uh what you'd say to a dog to put him on on another dog or what you'd say to get him 556: Sic him! {C: laughing} Interviewer: About getting? 556: Sic him. {C: laughing} I remember that sic him. I know {X} We sent one of our niggers down to the store one day, and he came back says, "I can't go that road no more," and I said, "Why?" Said I passed a house down the road and they told me the next time I pass by, they're gonna sic a dog on us. I'll have to go a different way. Sic a dog on me. Interviewer: Oh. And there's a dog, and it's bit a man, you'd say uh that man he got 556: {NS} Got dog bit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh I didn't ask you this earlier. How about a cow {C: clearing throat} going to have a calf, what was the term for that? The cow was in 556: Cow well uh you would say she was going to drop a calf in a certain date. Drop a calf. Interviewer: And uh you remember the calls that you would make to cows and to calves and mules and horses? 556: I remember how they used to call the hogs. You'd call hogs you could hear them a mile As far as the cow's concerned, we'd just drove 'em up and get on a horse. And drive the cows up. But most the cows would come in without being driven up. Now sometimes some wouldn't, and you'd have to go look for that cow but most of 'em at milking time they had calves and they would come in on their own on their own accord. They didn't have to be driven up, but sometimes one wouldn't come. We'd have to get a couple of boys on horses. And go out the pastures and find and drive her up. But that didn't happen often because most of 'em would come up to their calves at night. Interviewer: Do you happen to remember this call that they would make uh to uh 556: Call the calves? Interviewer: Call cows or pigs or whatever, yeah? 556: Yeah, I remember the I remember the pigs very well. Interviewer: What what? 556: Woo pig, woo pig. Interviewer: {X} 556: Oh boy, there we had one nigger, you could hear him a mile. Woo pig. And we didn't call the cows. They they they- they would come at their own accord because as I say, they all had calves and they'd Interviewer: And how about the horses and mules that you'd you'd call them by name or? 556: Oh I had all of 'em a name, sure. Every one. Every horse. My grandfather has two carriage horses named Prince and Dickey. Couple of Matt bays that drove the carriage. Prince and Dickey. They were fast trotters. Interviewer: How do you call sheep or chickens? 556: We had different ways of call the chickens. I know one thing my mother would take a bucket of feed out and she'd hit on the bucket with a piece of metal, and those chickens would come to that. And they would go out and call them. Chick chick chick, and they'd come up to feed 'em. But she would hit on that bucket with something and chickens would Come running, see? Interviewer: The uh {C: coughing} mentioned the cow lows what did you have what name did you have for the quiet sound the horse makes that 556: They would neigh and whinny. There's a neigh and a whinny. Interviewer: And which is the loud one, which is the soft? 556: Well, a whinny was a soft one. You know, just soft whinny, but a neigh was pretty loud. Interviewer: Did you ever hear a knicker? 556: Yeah, yeah. Interviewer: What is is 556: Just a little little knicker, yes. It's uh very- not very loud. Interviewer: Same as a whinny? 556: About like a whinny. Interviewer: Uh, and uh {C: clearing throat} when you go riding {D: Talking about your pa about} Riding horses as a boy your first uh first horse, did you ride bare back or did you uh 556: Oh, I don't know. The first my father put me on a I couldn't even I was two or three years old the first time he ever put me on a horse. I got to be a good horseman. And in breaking breaking in new colts and horses was quite an event. We had one nigger that did most of the breaking in. And he boasted there never was a mule or horse he couldn't ride. And I remember one day a neighbor brought a mule over, "Now here's one you can't ride." Oh yes sir, I'll ride any horse. So he vaulted into the saddle. That mule gave one buck and threw him out about twenty feet and he landed right on his stomach, and he says, "That's the way to ride him!" Says when you see they're gonna throw, you get off of 'em. {C: laughing} Look like it busted him open. {NW} Interviewer: Never lost uh. 556: No sir. He boasted he could ride him. Well he was pretty good. He they generally couldn't throw him. He had a big Texas saddle he'd put on him and {NW} Anyway, we broke the young mules. We'd take three take a four mule wagon. And put the young mule. By or the one behind, see. You know, they rode with a saddle on on the left-hand mule. And they put this young mule out, but the three old mule, he couldn't do anything but wait. They'd harness him up and put him in there and Nothing he could do. Had two old mules in front and another old mule beside him, so he Interviewer: Uh, that reminds me. Did you have uh you had two mules uh how would you refer to that? 556: That was a team. Always referred to 'em as teams. Interviewer: And uh did you ever use the word pair? A team of horses? 556: That was Interviewer: A pair of mules? 556: It was, yeah, that term was used. Yeah. Pair of mules. And they it referred to four to four horse team. A four horse or four mule team and generally used four in hauling heavy loads, taking cotton to the gin and roads were muddy. They'd always hook four. Interviewer: How about the oxen? You remember 556: Oh the oxen, I broke 'em. I broke a yoke of oxen. Yes sir. My father and my grandfather raised red poled cattle and And they uh but the big saw mill down in the swamp. He sold his place off and they would pay fifty dollars a pound for a yoke of broken oxen. And I'd take a pair of those steers. First we would put a yoke on 'em and tie their tails together 'til they got used to that yoke and just turn 'em loose in the pasture. And one day my grandfather he had a nice, little plot of fine plum trees. And I turn those steers loose without any they went through the plum trees and knocked every green plum off it. Hit the trees, you know, and back up. Oh, it made him mad. But anyhow, we had put the yoke on him, and tie the tails together and just turn 'em loose, and they got used to that yoke. Then we'd tie a log on it. On the yoke, and they can drag that log around a while. They got used to that. Then we'd progress then to what we'd call a slide. A sled. And we'd work 'em on that sled for maybe a week or so. They got used to that. In the meantime we would uh get 'em accustomed to the commands, whoa and back. Gee and haw, right and left. But with oxen you said whoa and back, but with mules you said, gee and haw. But with oxen it was whoa and back. And we'd finally graduate 'em to to wheel or we had a two two wheeled cart. And when they got used to that and used to the command, we'd sell 'em to this gunnery for fifty dollars. Two enormous steers for fifty dollars. Pick maybe a month to break 'em to get fifty dollars. Oh, we thought that was big money then. {NS} I still have that. I got a couple of yokes down at the museum now. I'll show 'em to you. Interviewer: {C: clearing throat} Did they use the uh use oxen for field work or? 556: No, they were used mostly in in hauling lumber and logs. And uh back in those days, I'll never forget the favorite name for oxen. Ben was quite a favorite name for an oxen. Spot, Blue, Red, and Baldy. If a oxen had a spot in his fur, he was always Baldy. And if he was red, he was called Red. And they called another one Blue. Blue, Spot, Baldy, Red, and Ben. Any yoke oxen, you're bound to find a Ben in there somewhere. And why Ben was a favorite name for an oxen, I never I never learned. But that was a favorite name. Interviewer: I just uh saw somebody in Bolivar, Tennessee, and he had found his grandfather's yoke for oxen and uh his aunt told him that the oxen, Ben was one of 'em. Uh, up there. 556: That well that was a favorite name for an oxen. And at and these niggers skinners down in the swamp {X} Well my grandfather owned this Wood uh virgin timber cause it never had a saw in it. And he sold it to some big saw mill company, and they sent in this crew to cut and haul those logs out. They hauled it to Crawford, which was the nearest railroad point, and they took one cut of logs on a little eight-wheel log wagon. Just one cut is all he could take. And he had uh six to six uh six oxen to each wagon. It had taken practically all day to haul that one log to Crawford and get back. And coming across it was a small levy they had near Fairport, Mississippi. Little old country village. And it was hot day. It was in August, and my uncle was putting up a grist mill, and he had the boiler came into Crawford, and he says, "When you take the log in, bring the boiler back, and I'll pay you for bringing it my boiler back." So they loaded the boiler on the wagon and coming across that levy water on each side with {X} you know. And those oxen turned off and it was hot, and they just turned off into that water and turned the boiler over, and the wagon Of course the nigger mule-skinners was hooping and hollering trying to stop 'em but they couldn't stop 'em. They went right down into that water. Turned the boiler over, and what a mess. Interviewer: Did he get it out? 556: They finally got it out, but oh boy. Interviewer: {NW} 556: That was a job. Turned over a big steamed boiler. Interviewer: Uh. Go back to riding horseback when you were a boy. Uh do you remember the uh did you have any special way the stirrups were fixed to keep your feet warm or? 556: No. No, we I used when I was a kid, I had a McClellan saddle. Sears-Roebuck used to sell 'em for five dollars apiece. You know, the little I guess they were Army surplus saled, I don't know. But I always I got I liked a McClellan saddle. And I oh gosh I ridden a thousand miles on the McClellan. The only way we had of transportation was horses. And I had a good saddle. I was always getting the good horse. And I use a McClellan saddle. Interviewer: And uh {C: coughing} you the things you hold in your hand would be the 556: Reins. Interviewer: But if you were on a wagon, it'd be the 556: Lines. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And that must've been pretty common or pretty standard usage. When you start uh to talk about a wagon and buggy, the difference is the wagon would have uh one thing that would go between two horses. 556: Tongue. Interviewer: And the if you had one horse, a buggy 556: Shafts. Interviewer: The shafts. And uh would you explain how you would hook up or what word you'd use to attach the horse to the buggy or the 556: Or the shafts? Interviewer: Yes, I mean, would you explain that? 556: Well, of course you put the harness on the horse first. And there was two types. You could either use a collar or breast strap. Some some uh some people preferred the collar. Others, a breast strap. Well, you uh you put the harness on the horse first. And you'd backed him into the shafts, and the shafts went through two collars on each side, and you fastened the tracers to the singletree. Now if it was a double team, it was a doubletree. The doubletree had two single trees, but a a single horse buggy had one singletree and you snapped the shaft the a uh Tracers onto the singletree, if it was just one. And you'd then after putting on either the breast collar or uh the breast strap or the collar, then you hitched up or you fastened him. Lines to the horses bits, got in it. Interviewer: Uh. What is used for a whip? 556: We had buggy whips. Regular buggy whips. Interviewer: Anything on the end to make noise? 556: Had a small cracker about that long. That was a buggy whip, now. The bull whip was a different thing. The ones we used for those bulls we had a cracker you could sound like a pistol shot. Interviewer: Did you the cracker was it ever called a uh was that ever made out of sea grass or? 556: No, we used it's it's a common we'd take a Grass rope and unravel it and make those crackers. About that long. Of course, the crackers didn't go out and you had to plant you another one. Planted 'em. Interviewer: See. Uh could you explain the the different parts of the wheel? Say the seat of the buggy or the wagon wheel. 556: Well, of course, the hub, the spokes, the rim, and the tie. That middle part was the tie that went around it. Interviewer: You used the word rim. Did you ever hear anyone say fellow for that? 556: Oh, a fellow. Yeah. But mostly that was the blacksmiths and people who did the work referred to that. Interviewer: {X} 556: Yeah, they uh. It was the hub and the spokes, rim, tie, buggy tie. Interviewer: How did you keep the uh wagon wheels from squeaking? 556: You greased 'em. Axle grease. Interviewer: {X} 556: Alright, I had a question here you see, I got a library out there on the Civil War. One of the questions was, "They didn't have petroleum during the Civil War. What did they use to grease the cannon wheels with? They used lard. Interviewer: I was gonna ask whether you ever heard of anybody use uh tallow? 556: They used lard and tallow. Course they still, and when they'd run out of axle grease, they'd I'd still use lard. If the farmer ran out of axle grease, he always kept his homemade lard, made a lard up in twenty-five pound buckets. Grease it with lard. Pretty good. Interviewer: It would actually hold up? 556: Yeah, it was pretty. That's all they had until they discovered petroleum. Interviewer: {NW} 556: You'd take during the Civil War all the cannon wheels were greased with lard. All the wagon wheels because they had no petroleum. It hadn't been discovered. So they used lard. Interviewer: Your uh first recollection of an automobile. 556: Oh boy. We heard of such things. I remember back when I was a child Well, my grandfather had what he called wage hands, you know. He paid these niggers so much a month and fed 'em and clothed 'em. And our house sit in a big. {D: Pad up. That the old stocks where Lewis would stage rover went by our house, but it was probably} maybe a quarter of a mile up to the road where they call the big gate. And one of the stake one of the wage hands well they heard an automobile coming down the road and he said I believe I run up to the big gate and see there see that automobile go by, so he put out up there and he came back. I said, "Did you see the automobile?" He said, "No." I say, "When I got to that thing it was hotter than Mr. Morehead." That was the neighbor down about a mile. Said when I got there that thing was hotter than Mr. Morehead. Interviewer: Uh by the way, what uh how did you refer to the board between the house and the big gate? Was that a lane or a byway? 556: No it was just just just the road. You see the house was surrounded by a big fence like this and it was probably twenty acres in there. There was one big gate over he had another over in this road. One road came by and went like this and the other that was just Interviewer: Uh, did you use the word lane? Uh, what would it mean? 556: Well, it often often have a lane between two of the pastures. They would put uh fences you know maybe twenty feet apart to transfer the cows from one pasture to another pasture. Cause they'd eat out of this pasture, run them into the next one. See and let the grass grow over here. Interviewer: Well, he was always uh fenced. 556: Lee? speaker#3: Yeah? 556: Excuse me. {NS} Interviewer: Back to cars uh did you what did you first call 'em when they first came out? Uh, cars, automobiles, motor cars. 556: You know, there was quite a discussion as to what to call 'em. I know some of the Lot of people called automobiles. Automobiles. {NS} I remember that term and then auto and machines and all kind of they finally took 'em a long time to finally settle down what to call 'em. I know some of the high and mighty people all referred to automobiles. Automobiles. Interviewer: Uh, what about the tires? Uh, did they hold up? Did you? 556: Well, you see I went to work for my uncle. He had who had the Ford {D: age} this part of state in nineteen fourteen. And we thought we were ruined when Sears-Roebuck came out with a thousand mile guarantee on a tire. They were thirty by threes in front and thirty by three and a half behind. And there wasn't very much skid, those tires. Especially ones that came on the car. And Sears-Roebuck and we sold tires. But when they came out with that thousand mile guarantee, we thought we were ruined. How in the world a tire gonna run a thousand miles? And just think I got on that car that had twenty-nine thousand miles on those tires. Nearly twenty-nine thousand. Interviewer: How about the uh thing that was inside the tires? Did they 556: Tube. Inner tube. Interviewer: Did they guarantee you on that? 556: Oh no. Boy, the trouble we had. I used to drive a taxi over the county when I was going to college during the summers. And punctures and blow outs {X} You had to carry your Patching out equipment with you and patches and the little old vulcanizer and Boy, these punctures. Punctures and blow outs. Interviewer: Uh, would you trace the development of roads since you remember them? 556: Well, when I was a child, of course, all the roads we had was dirt roads. And they were kept up by uh each section of the road would be turned over to a road overseer, some farmer would have a certain section of road and And they they they either had to work the roads or pay. And most of 'em preferred to work the roads rather than pay, so he would turn out on a certain and go out and summons a hand he'd call 'em. Day before he'd ride around over the different places and summon some of the hands to be of a certain place and they They'd get out there with mules and scrapers and shovels and try to fix the old roads up, generally, left them in a worse condition than when they found them. Pile of mud out in the middle of the road, and you'd stuck. Well, they were no roads. And I remember there weren't a good road in this country. Course then they can see this idea of gravel in the roads and they graveled them there. That's the way that's the way they started, with the gravel. Interviewer: And the next stage would be uh 556: That's the black top. Concrete roads. Interviewer: This uh old forty-five must be a pretty old road, is it? 556: One of the oldest roads in this You mean the old forty-five to Columbus? Interviewer: Yes. 556: Yeah, that was that was graveled at one time. And I remember it wasn't graveled. There was a section up there called Joe's Creek Swamp. You never went to Columbus without first finding out the condition of Joe's Creek Swamp Road. You'd get stuck when you get in there. That was a bad section of road. Interviewer: There's a fire tower up there and the concrete is uh pretty given away. I wonder what caused that. Maybe that's Joe's Creek Road? 556: {C: coughing} {D: I don't know dirt settles.} Interviewer: The uh is it it looks looks to be an old road. Different uh kinds of uh items on the farm something like this that you put a log in to saw. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: What was what was that then? 556: Well, we used a buck saw in sawing. What did you call that? I know what you mean. Interviewer: Or the thing like this {C: coughing} perhaps? 556: It it well you put the you put your log in and sawed it uh you know I forgot the name of that now. Interviewer: Uh. 556: But I remember sawing the logs. Interviewer: The thing that's sort of an A frame use two of them carpenters used two of them to put a plank across to saw. 556: Well, a saw horse. They they called it a saw horse. Interviewer: That's the A frame? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: And the other, did you call it a buck or a rack or? 556: A rack, as I remember. It was more it was called a rack, I suppose. I'm sure it was. Course we uh you had burnt burnt firewood all together in the fireplaces and Course in the summer we'd uh the hand would cut up cords and bring up you know and stack it for winter. And mostly use ax to course he used cross-cut saws to cut down the bigger trees. One on each end of the saw and he'd saw it up into links for the fireplace. That was stacked during the summer, so it'd be dry by winter. Great stacks of it out of the yard, you know getting ready for winter. I used to my grandfather used to pay fifty cents a cord to have it cut. Interviewer: Uh, you did measure by cord? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever need other way of measuring? In other words, was was the sort of wood that you measured by cord was it still {X} 556: Well, now it it if it was two different kinds of cords. Stove wood and uh fire wood. Now the stove wood was made the same way. Eight feet long, four feet hight, four feet wide. But they got more for cutting a cord of stove wood than they did for cutting a cord of firewood. As I remember I think it paid maybe a dollar a dollar and a half a cord. But that still had to be eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet wide. That was the stove wood. And it was cut and quartered the same way. Uh course then you wouldn't link the cut the stove wood then wood burning stove. Interviewer: When uh somebody would kill something in the farm and it wasn't really a carpenter or might be kind of uh not too fresh on the job, you'd say, "Well, it doesn't look too good. He's just kind of a 556: Jack leg. Interviewer: Jack leg? I was wondering if you've ever heard that applied to lawyers or? 556: Oh yeah. I heard it applied to everything. Jack leg preachers, jack leg lawyers, carpenters, jack leg brick layer anything. It's a amateur or or wasn't an expert was referred to as a jackleg. Interviewer: It was a kind of a joke that it was not 556: Oh yeah, that's Interviewer: Uh, you mentioned the uh the grain rock how about a smaller stone or rock like this that you would uh how in fact would you sharpen knives 556: On the grind stone. Interviewer: On the grind stone? 556: Yeah. You had a you had a grind stone on a on a rack with a handle. And up here with a little can of water with a little hole in the bottom that'd drip water on the grind stone. I've had to turn that grind stone a many a time while my my grandfather would sharpen holes or size or Interviewer: Axes or 556: Axes, anything was on the grind stone. Interviewer: How about smaller things in the kitchen? 556: Well, I had a whet rock for that. We called it a whet rock. Rough on one side, smooth on the other, and you put oil on it and Sharpened it on the wet rock. But all the big things were sharpened on a grind stone. Interviewer: When you started to shave, would you describe that {X}? 556: Well of course all I'd ever heard of was a straight razor. Interviewer: And a sharpening knife would 556: Oh, had a different home. That was a home for the razor. It was much smoother than the regular. Regular uh whet stone. Very smooth on one side, it had a strop Interviewer: A strop 556: and a strop hitches on every time your razor would turn, you'd cut your strop half in two. Well, that's that's what they'd use. They'd hone it and strop it and make it smoother. Interviewer: So you've heard that much was made of the muggers. 556: Oh yeah, I'll show you my collection in a minute. Interviewer: It's something like uh 556: Yeah, you see the old barbershops I had one of the racks they hung up. Shaves were only ten cents in those days and so each customer had his own mug with his name on it. And they were all mounted and beautiful and by the way, they sell them for twenty-five dollars apiece now, those old mugs. And as a farmer, as a customer would come in, the barber would go and select his mug and brush and shave and clean it and put it back. I'll show you my collection. Interviewer: See it to uh drive posts in the ground, what would you 556: Mall. Interviewer: Uh, anything anything's drive through in the mall would be made of what? 556: Wood. Interviewer: And anything smaller than a post, you'd use you'd have uh anything out of iron? 556: Oh yeah, but had a well you see the reason you used a mall was to keep from battering the posts. You know, a wooden mall. It was you'd take a big log, you see Leave this end and cut the other into a hammer. See that was hammer. You'd leave it leave this much of it at the end. Cut it down, see? Interviewer: In other words, about a foot. 556: Yeah, that was a yeah Interviewer: Uh sledgehammers and 556: Well, then he had a sledgehammer, too for Interviewer: Uh, would be the harder thing 556: Yeah, yeah. Interviewer: And different fences that you remember or? 556: Barbed wire fences. I'll show you my collection of barbed wire. I have twenty different types down there. Interviewer: How about the kind of fence that goes like this? 556: Well, on my grandfather's place when I was a child, it was much of it was uh fenced with rail fences. It was split by slaves. And that old those old uh oak rails was as hard as this. {NS} And much of that place was still fenced with those old rails. Those railed fences. Wood that I had some of 'em now. Interviewer: Did you ever hear those called Virginia fence? 556: Yeah, old Virginia fence, sure. Yeah, yeah, that's a certain way you build it. Old Virginia fences, yeah, yeah. Interviewer: You're the first first man I've ever talked to who knows what a Virginia fence is. 556: Oh sure, yeah, that's yeah you know this a way. I draw you a picture of one right now I suppose I could. Interviewer: Did you ever call them uh worm fences? 556: Well a worm fence is made out of log out of split logs. Interviewer: And a stake and rider? 556: No. Interviewer: Use those? 556: No. I don't remember that. Interviewer: Uh you never had any enough stone to make 556: No, no, no stone. I've seen all the old stone fences up through New England and New York state, all through there they fit 'em together, you know. Interviewer: They uh around a a yard or garden, what kind of fence would you have? 556: Uh, split palings. They uh were split out of wide oak with a fro. {X} We had we had an old nigger on the place. That's all he did was {X} boards and palings and they called 'em palings. And uh split 'em. They'd get fenced. Interviewer: Around the garden or 556: Yeah, and all the cabins and barns and everything were covered with those split boards. I'll show you my fro. I got it down here, too. You know what a fro is? Interviewer: Uh yes uh 556: With a Interviewer: With a handle, right? 556: Handle, upright handle. The blade to the bottom. And you hit it with a Mole a wooden mole see to keep from You couldn't hit it with a metal because it would run in the back of the probe, so you used a wooden mole. To ride the boards with. And all the bonds and outhouses and smokehouse Nigger cabins were all funny covered with those split boards. The post office yeah down here if you look at this post office, they're trying to imitate split boards, but it's made out of clay. Petrified clay. And that what that's exactly what it looks like the old boards on the post office. Interviewer: #1 The uh split boards would run pretty quick, right? # 556: #2 Yep. # With the grain of the wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now if uh if it ran horizontal, you'd call it uh around the house we'd cover the house. 556: Well, they didn't use that to cover out there because of anything but boards and palings that I. It wasn't used for anything else. Interviewer: I mean it, the word is weather boarding. 556: Weather boarding, but that was yeah Interviewer: Later 556: Yeah, that was sawed lumber. Interviewer: These were they called anything other than split boards and peelings? That's not what {X}? 556: No, they didn't never referred to them only as palings and boards. Interviewer: Did you uh you mentioned swamps uh did you ever use the words uh marshes or meadows? 556: Uh, let's see, yeah, we used the word meadow but it was generally referred to as the hay field. Interviewer: I see. Not necessarily low lying. 556: No, it was generally referred to as a hay field where they kept the hay until they Interviewer: When they cleared land uh how did they get rid of it? You mentioned bottom it's uh quite desirable right? 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Bottom land. When you clear land, how would you get rid of uh water that would be in the bottom? 556: Well, it it they'd ditch it off. You called it new ground, you know. You'd clear up a new ground. You'd go in there and cut all the trees and cut the stumps down as low as you could, and each year you had to cut what you'd call cutting the sprouts. You'd just sprout it, and it'd it'd be ditched and you'd take a take a a a middle buster cut you a trench down with it maybe two or three times ditch it, run the water off with a middle buster. You know what a middle buster is? Interviewer: Yes uh. It'd be a would the water ever back up or 556: Oh yeah, if it was low enough and creek or ditch would overflow, it would back up, but it run, it wouldn't take it long to run off maybe after a heavy rain it might back up. But uh it didn't take it long to run off. Interviewer: You mentioned a levy. You ever have uh anything around this area B-A-Y-O-U? 556: Bayous? Well, a bayou was mostly in Louisiana and southern Mississippi. For instance, Fort Gibson is on bayou pier. But they never referred to bayous up this part of state. Interviewer: {X} 556: It's all in south Mississippi and Louisiana. Down there the word bayou bayous is very common. Just like out west you speak on a rio, a rio or a canyon we never use that word never used here. Interviewer: The uh different kinds of land touched on this the other day the gumbo and buckshot would you explain those the prairie here? 556: Well, this prairie land of course is uh is is uh black the black black prairie land and course that buckshot wasn't just very good land. This black prairie land of course as I say out the western part was called the sandy land, which was more of a loam and a clay and a sand mixture. But this black land You couldn't you walk try to walk on it when it was wet, you get a load on each foot. {X} I used to hunt birds out here. You just gotta start and get stuff off your feet. You can't carry it. It just keeps boiling up on it. There's a different texture altogether from this. Type land out west which was uh as I say was called uh sandy land. It's an entirely different type of soil. Interviewer: You ever call it gumbo? 556: I've heard it referred to as gumbo, but that wasn't a very I don't know it wasn't a very prominent expression. I've heard it referred to as gumbo, yes sir. Interviewer: But you actually didn't use it very much? 556: Not much, no. Interviewer: Um mentioned a middle buster. Would you tell me a just go through the process of {C: clearing throat} in the spring how you get to prepare the land and 556: Well, of course the first thing you did was you took a turning plow and whatnot the old rows a mole wood plow. With one with one flange. You'd turn it and that left the middle in the middle, see? You then got the middle buster, which was shaped like this and threw it back and made the rows. They're all row crops. My mother never did plant anything flat. It always a row. And that middle buster middle as they said, busted out the middle. See, the first plow that went down was- had a single wing on it. On each row. Well, that left the middle, see? Well, you went through in the middle but about two-hundred each way. That made your rows. Interviewer: And uh if you broke your brown, what would be the next thing? 556: Well, my my grandfather used to use a harrow then to smooth the top of the- Interviewer: About the harrow. Uh by using the harrow. 556: That was smooth off the top of the rope. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh they did you have names for the different {X} with two mules or two horses? Did you have a name for the left? One for the right? 556: Oh yeah, all the horses and mules had a Interviewer: I I don't mean a proper name, but uh uh did you call the left or lead horse? 556: Yeah, lead horse lead horse always on the right. Interviewer: On the right? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh and how about {NS} you said that you didn't uh have much to do with small greens. Uh did you ever grow must have raised oats? 556: No, my grandfather never he he uh he he raised corn and cotton. Peas and peanuts. Watermelons and of course he had an enormous garden, everything in the world in that garden, but he never he never raised oats for some reason. Neither one of 'em ever fooled with oats. They raised cotton and corn and of course cotton was a cash crop and corn was to feed the stock on. Always had a lot of mules and horses Interviewer: Did you ever watch uh any threshing going on in those days? 556: Didn't have a thing to thresh. No oats, no oats, no wheat. Nothing like that. Interviewer: {D: The uh probably seen big steam} 556: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Things since then. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh. {C: clearing throat} To harvest the uh the grass, uh would you explain how that was done? 556: We had a mowing machine. He had a mowing the earliest mowing machines with the pad horses, you know? You you see how to work this use this mowing machine to cut the grass let the grass dry and then take or a big rake and rake it up into stacks. Make hay stacks and and you'd stack it you know out on a pole and it was impervious to water. And Interviewer: Yeah, when you before you raked it up, did you have it cut in certain 556: Wind rows. Interviewer: Wind rows? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Then you break it up. What would be the next step? 556: Uh uh rake it up and stack it. Uh you'd putting up by putting it a lot of it was put in the barn. And see when you filled the loft up, then you stacked it. Big pole maybe twenty feet high. It was stacked around that pole. Interviewer: But you never stacked it in the field itself? 556: Yeah, yeah. Interviewer: First. 556: In the yeah. Interviewer: It serve as 556: You put all you could in the barn, and then what you had left over, you stacked it. Interviewer: I see. 556: And the cows eat off it in the winter. They'd go down and eat it off, you know. Interviewer: And did you ever have poles say four poles like this and four like this? To make a kind of shelter. 556: #1 No, nothing just # Interviewer: #2 It's uh # And you mentioned growing uh cotton. Did you uh what exactly is does it mean to chop cotton? 556: Hoe it with a hoe. Interviewer: Uh. 556: #1 When I was about # Interviewer: #2 Just to cut the weeds out # 556: Oh yeah. And then the plow and the sweep came along, got the middle. But when I was a kid, I kept after my grandfather that I want to raise some cotton this year on my own. I ought to make some money on my own, so he said, "Alright." And by the way, we'd kind of make it and say I'd go back each summer, spend the summer up there. So he'd I'll have the cotton, I'll have you two acres plowed and planted and when you get here, you take over. So I did. And I worked myself to death out. He gave me a mule and a plow, and a I chopped it out myself and plowed it. And it was beautiful cotton you had about that high. And one night the army ones crossed the road. Interviewer: {NW} 556: And the next day, I didn't have any cotton. They ate every living millions and millions of 'em. So that was the extent of my farming on my own. The arm of the ones. Those things came across the road in countless millions. You could the road will be covered with 'em. And they ate up every leaf off of my cotton and I, instead of making three or four bales like I thought I was going to make, I think I made less than a bale. I had to put put mine with one of his bales to make a bale. Oh, it broke my heart. Interviewer: Uh you spoke of grass. Uh how about how many crops uh or grass would you get off a field? 556: A cutting? Well, it would depend altogether on the weather we had good rain lots of rain, we'd get two or three cuttings it off the grass. It was Johnson grass, and Interviewer: Johnson. 556: Yeah, and you'd get two or three cuttings. You want to cut it before it went to seed. And also Another thing was they fodder 'em off of the corn stalks. They would pool the fodder, as they called it, and put it up into hands like the back of hands. Bend the stalk over and hook that hand on the stalk until it cured. And then they would go then and tie it up into bundles. Four or five hands made a bundle of it. And that was a bundle. So many bundles of fodder. And I told you about a year and twelve years of calling it a bundle of fodder for each mule that was wasn't a bundle. They liked that uh stock liked that fodder. They'd eat it. Was mule it cured. Corn leaves off the corn. Interviewer: You mentioned uh having barrels of uh molasses. Did you keep anything in uh in smaller barrels uh or how would you keep nails? How would you buy nails? 556: Nails? Interviewer: Yes. 556: Well, of course nails came in kegs, but we never did we'd just buy a few pounds of nails. You never bought a keg never had much use for that many of 'em that's same they're all the same size in a keg. Interviewer: And then uh speaking of molasses barrel, how did you get the molasses out? 556: Had a bum. A wooden uh you your had a wooden faucet. See they made molasses a normal way where you had a molasses mill, see? {NS} Where the keen was ground. And it was uh with a mule you know. Round and round. Somebody had to drive that mule in in a circle. And they fed the keen into between two steel steel rowers. And the juice ran off into a barrel. And then when the juice was then put in the pan. A big A big copper pan I reckon it's four feet wide and maybe eight feet long and you built a fire under there, and that had to be an expert to know just when to turn the molasses out of that pan. If you panned it if you let it out too soon, it was sour. If you let it any too late, it would turn to sugar, so it had to come out just as and we had an old nigger who was expert on it. He would skim it, you know and watch it and taste it and said, "Alright, it's ready!" Let it pour out. And we used to take cold biscuit to the mill and eat that hot molasses with cold biscuit. We thought that was good. Interviewer: Uh, how did you get rid of the smoke uh in the heat? 556: It had a at the end it was see it was built up by brick, you know. The pan was on top of that and it was stack on the end. Went low, just a crude. So the smoke went out the stack and you fired it with just wood just keep throwing wood on under there. And it would boil and simmer and foam and it had to keep it skimmed, had a skimmer. They would skim the foam off, you know. {NS} And this old nigger would he'd watch it very closely and there as I say if you overcook it, it would turn to sugar. And if you undercooked it, it was sour, so it had to be just exactly right. Interviewer: Right. Where did you get the barrels and how were they made there? 556: They were just wooden barrels. You know, I don't know where he got those barrels from. We got uh I imagine those barrels full had vinegar in 'em were wooden barrels. And it was uh Had uh Put a big funnel at the top and poured it in those barrels and then The barrels were kept in the smoke house and molasses and Had a wooden spigot on it, you know to let molasses out at the bottom. Interviewer: The the barrels or how were they made? Just the regular 556: Just wooden barrels. Interviewer: Staves? 556: Mm-hmm. Staves. Now had two kinds of molasses. Sorghum and ribbon cane. That that sorghum molasses when it was fresh, it was pretty good. But we that's the niggers usually used the sorghum, and there wasn't much ribbon cane, you know that uh Blue ribbon cane, that was very fine molasses uh I still like it. Interviewer: Wait, does that grow around? 556: #1 Yeah, oh yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: {NS} Ribbon cane, he called it. Sugar cane. Same as the canes grown around in Louisiana. Interviewer: And uh {NS} the {C: clearing throat} different ways of stopping up uh bottles. What uh 556: {C: laughing} Cobs. Interviewer: Cobs? Uh-huh. 556: {X} Interviewer: {X} hard to come by or? 556: Chalk was hard to come by. Cob was so had and so plentiful you'd just Interviewer: Ah. 556: Or you'd use a cob Interviewer: You have any uh to ever stop anything up with glass? 556: Glass? Interviewer: Yes. Glass stoppers. 556: Well, we had ground glass uh vinegar cruets, for instance. And think that's I still got some of the old vinegar cruets. I I've got three there right now. The vinegar cruets always had a ground glass stopper. Interviewer: {NS} The different sacks uh do you remember kinds of sacks and bags? 556: Well, the bags are made out of Ozenberg. We made 'em. Buy so much Oz of the cotton sacks, for instance. Then that they pick cotton in. They made 'em. Right there on the place. They'd buy Ozenberg and make these sacks with a big strap that'd drag out behind you, you know. Interviewer: And how about the uh things that you'd buy in the store? Uh feed or fertilizer or potatoes or uh 556: Hmm. Well, I tell you we raised practically everything on a place we had to eat. Had everything we had plenty of potatoes, all kinds of vegetables and onions and stuff and dried. Uh. Cause our nearest uh Store was about a mile and a half, a little place called Fairport, Mississippi, and we we bought sure well we used to buy sugar by the barrel to keep sugar at home. But sometimes we we bought coffee and we just uh. {NS} Just common groceries. Grow coffee and flour and sugar and stuff. Interviewer: Uh, what kind of thing uh thing it appears to in here are toe sacks, croaker sacks. 556: Yeah, we yeah we used those we'd we'd get stuff in 'em. Interviewer: Well, which is which uh. 556: Well uh we called 'em croker sacks. Interviewer: Croaker sacks? 556: Croaker sacks. But now the other sacks that we used for for picking cotton in and different things like that were made right there on the place. My grandfather would buy this Ozenberg, which was a coarse, heavy, cotton fabric, you know? And just sew up these sacks with but then for the cotton sacks, put a strap about that wide and went over your shoulder and its sack drug out behind him, maybe six feet long. Interviewer: And how about uh in a store, did you have things made out of paper? Or in other words, how how were 556: Things packed? Interviewer: Yes. 556: Of course things were mostly packed in bulk in those days. For instance, crackers or any or mostly in bulk dried fruits everything in the package hadn't come along that time. It was mostly everything in bulk. Interviewer: And you'd buy things and put them in the paper bags? 556: Yeah, oh yeah. Paper bags. And I used to buy we used to buy thirty pounds of coffee in the crack. Put it in a big paper bag. Thirty pounds. And it it had to go in the grinder, you know. Coffee mill. Grind. {NW} And my grandmother times would buy green coffee parch it herself, but she that was supposed to be much better coffee, you know. Partial little it'll be fresher, you know. Partial little at the time and grind it but I don't know, we finally got Interviewer: Lot of your family drank coffee uh how? How, put anything in it? 556: Oh yeah, cream and sugar. Interviewer: Uh, if they drank it uh Someone would drink it without cream 556: Some of 'em drink it without anything. Black yeah, I know some of 'em would but Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody call it barefoot or 556: {NS} Interviewer: Barefoot coffee? 556: I've heard the expression, but we didn't use it. Interviewer: Have you uh you've heard the expression? 556: I've heard the expression. Interviewer: Uh, it means straight or black. 556: Straight, drink it straight. Interviewer: Rich with aurora and uh the west, what's uh the closet thing to an aurora around this area? 556: There's plenty of 'em out here in right on the edge of the county between here and Winston. While there's some you could throw this house in out there. Bigger than that some of 'em a hundred feet deep right out here. Interviewer: What I'm interested in are the terms for 556: Gullies. Interviewer: Gullies? 556: Yeah, that's they're gullies. Interviewer: You ever call them a ravine? 556: Ravines and gullies. Yeah, they've called 'em ravines and and gully in fact there's a post office in this county that's called Ravine, Mississippi. {X} Interviewer: And {C: clearing throat} something smaller than a creek it would be a 556: Well up in Virginia, they call them runs. Interviewer: Runs? 556: I still have lots of relatives up in Virginia up there a few years ago and this we wanted to go out to the chase and one of the {NS} relatives say well the runs out of the bank. I didn't know what he was talking about. A run. It's a creek. I said, you mean a Interviewer: Still use the word branch? Yeah, I use branch. Branch and creek. 556: A a branch is smaller than a creek. Goes a river. River, creek, branch. Interviewer: Different kinds of trees uh walnut trees 556: Well, cause we had worlds of pine trees and by the way, my first cousin told me he had just shortened it at the old pasture. She was over forty-five-thousand dollars of those pine trees in that pasture. And yeah, they were covered with pines. We had pines, oak, hickory. Scaly barks we used to rub together. Scaly barks. {NS} Nuts and of it. I still think that's the best nut in the world, the scaly bark. Interviewer: That's the small 556: Yeah, I've got some out there now. Interviewer: {C: clearing throat} Uh, any walnuts? 556: Oh yeah. We raised lots of walnuts. I we had a lot of walnut trees and my grandfather had a barrel with a hole cut in it the top we'd when the walnuts fell, we'd dry 'em through this hole and take the outer hub off. Put in that hole, take a hammer. And I'd take off that outer hull. We'd get all stained up with that walnut juice. Interviewer: Way to dye uh. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Ever had pecans? Uh 556: Yeah, we had pecans. Yeah. The paper shells hadn't come along at that time. We just had the small native pecans. Interviewer: You call uh a tree sycamore or buttonwood or? 556: Sycamores. Uh now button buttonwood or the bush it grows around the edge of Lakes. Buttonwoods. Interviewer: And {C: clearing throat} things that are poisonous uh 556: Poison ivy. Interviewer: And bush and bushes that turn red in the fall. Those could be poisonous. Or or is it not? 556: The only poison I knew was poison ivy, and that was terrible. And for some reason, I was immune to it. It didn't bother I never would never bother me at all. {NS} But I've seen them get that poison ivy and man it was horrible oh oh yeah boy. Interviewer: Did you have sumac or shoe-make? 556: Yeah, yeah. Interviewer: Which do you say uh? 556: Sumac. And the first time I called I heard it called shumoc, my wife had a breaking out and went to a skin specialist and really he said you know honey, you really been around shoe-make. And we did have some he called it shumoc. We always called it sumac. Interviewer: Uh. 556: This doctor called it shumoc. Interviewer: Uh, know that used to call it shumoc. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Regularly and and in fact they'd say that uh Uh it was used to dye for leather. Shoe-makers use it. 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: As a dye. Uh and uh the cucumber tree. Are you familiar with that? Uh 556: Not a tree. {NS} A vine. Interviewer: {C: clearing throat} The uh anything that cows eat that are supposed to be poisonous? 556: Buckeye. Interviewer: Buckeye? 556: Yeah, buckeye's very poisonous. {NS} My father always carried one of his {X} Interviewer: Oh, I've {X} 556: He he just as soon go out without his trousers as without his buckeye. Interviewer: {X} 556: And I still got that superstitious care. Interviewer: It'd be good for arthritis also. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 It's to uh uh I grew up in Ohio, which is the buckeye state and you're supposed to keep off arthritis with # 556: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah, that's right. # Well, that buckeye's my father always carried one in his pocket for good luck. Uh that's the native buckeye. And that tree was poison if a cat ate that tree, it was it was poisonous. Interviewer: You have anything around by the name of uh laurel or anything like that that? 556: No, laurel trees mostly up in the into Tennessee and Virginia. Lots of laurels up there, but we have very few here. {C: clearing throat} Interviewer: And {C: clearing throat} insects that uh sting 556: Oh boy, did a hornet ever sting you? An insect at a wasps. Hornets, yellow jackets. All them yellow jackets. They all would sting. But a hornet is I think it's the most painful sting in the world is a hornet. You see he pops his stinger in you, and you can't get it out. Like a hook. You have to pull him off. I had one to sting me right there, and he just buzz and couldn't get loose. It's just like ramming a hot iron in your arm. Interviewer: The uh hornet has the uh nest 556: I I have I have if you have time to see my museum, I'll show you, too. I've got one cut open. Over sixty-thousand to each one of 'em. Interviewer: That's right. And how about the uh the ones that made have nests in uh logs and {X}? 556: Wasps. Interviewer: Is that the the wasp? 556: There there's several different varieties of wasps and yellow jackets. The different varieties and nests in different places. I destroyed two out there in my carport yesterday. Wasps nests. By the way, I got stung several times right there last summer so I want to avoid it this time. So I sprayed 'em yesterday. Interviewer: Uh the uh other bug that's carries malaria, what's is it usually called? 556: Well, that was the stegomyia mosquito carried yellow fever. Yellow yellow fever was the uh Stegomyia you know mosquito. And uh. {C: bird noises} Course they finally found out what caused yellow fever. Took 'em a long time. {C: bird noises} They didn't know what I remember the last yellow fever scare we ever had in Macon. I was just the child. They had guards on all the roads and, they didn't know what they were doing till they found out what caused it was um it was um it was the stegomyia mosquito. Interviewer: Said you used to keep everybody out. 556: Yeah, they didn't want it wouldn't have by the way, I still have uh Uh certificates to get on the train here cert a doctor would certify this man hasn't been exposed the nigger the niggers called 'em stiff tickets, certificates. They'd go down to the station. You got your stiff ticket? Certificate, and I had one of those doctor certificates right now. That would issue this man has not been exposed to yellow fever, signed so and so, M.D. Had to have that before you got on the train. Interviewer: Ticket need to get out. 556: {NW} Interviewer: Little bugs uh that uh burrow into the skin and raise up a welt. 556: Ticks. Ticks. Interviewer: Ticks? 556: {X} {C: laughing} I got a scar right there from one. Interviewer: Now uh is do you have anything that's smaller than a tick uh 556: Red bugs. Chiggers. Interviewer: Alright they they it's they burrow under 556: Yeah, chiggers. You get covered with those. I've had a million on me. Especially go out in the weeds and grass and you get 'em on you and then and then the thing to do is to get in a bath of extreme salty water get rid of 'em. They'll they'll just eat you alive, little tiny things. Chiggers. We called 'em red bugs when I was a child. That and boll weevils and army worms. Oh boy. Interviewer: {C: laughing} Uh, bugs that uh jump uh 556: Crickets. Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Now do uh did the colored people call uh grasshoppers, did they refer as that? 556: They would call them hopper grasses. Interviewer: #1 Now am I is this right the the uh whites would call them grasshoppers consistently. # 556: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. Interviewer: But uh negroes would call 'em 556: Hopper grasses. Interviewer: Hopper grass 556: Just like they wouldn't say woodpecker. They'd say peckerwoods. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh-huh. You have any idea of why that was or any? 556: I don't know they well you take the term butterfly the the the original name for it was flutter by. Butterflies were flutterbies for a hundred years. I don't know how it got turned around into butterfly, but they were flutterbies. I don't know how they got that peckerwood and hopper grasses turned around. Interviewer: And uh difference between a spiderweb and a {X} web and cobweb {X} 556: No, we called 'em spiderwebs or cobwebs yeah when they There used to be an old lady here called 'em cobwebs. And she'd get 'em out of the chimney and she's if you cut your hands, you'd always get some cobwebs out of the chimney and put that with the soot on that cut. She claimed that was the best remedy there was for a cut. Cobwebs out of the chimney. With the black soot on it now. I don't know how that worked, but I've had to put it on my cut on my arm. Slap it on there and wrap it up, you know. That'll cure it. Interviewer: {NS} How about uh {C: clearing throat} bugs that flutter around the light. 556: Candle flies. Interviewer: {C: clearing throat} And the ones that uh in their one state they eat your clothes, especially wool. 556: Moths. Interviewer: Moths? 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Sure, are the young candle flies, are they? 556: I don't know I I've had several suits ruined by moths. Of course, they lay their eggs. If a if a if a piece of cloth is absolutely clean, it's it don't affect it, you see? Grease spots that they Interviewer: Oh. 556: That they eat. They'll lay the eggs in and that moth hatches out, and he'll eat that cloth with a grease spot. If you if a suit of clothes if perfectly clean, though, they won't bother it, although it is made out of wool. Interviewer: And the bugs that fly around with the light off and on? 556: Fireflies. Lightning bugs, we called 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: We still have 'em. Interviewer: They're not the same as June bugs? 556: Oh no, June bugs oh boy June bugs we used to tie strings to 'em play with June bugs around fig trees we You can find plenty of 'em around fig trees. They eat ripe figs. We'd catch 'em, tie a little string on her leg, you know. Go around with a June bug. Interviewer: These bugs that hover over water. 556: #1 Mm. We called 'em snake doctors. # Interviewer: #2 {C: clearing throat} With two sets of wings and # 556: #1 Dragonflies, what they are. # Interviewer: #2 Ah uh-huh. # 556: Snake doctors. Interviewer: And different owls? 556: Oh yeah, we had screech owls and By the way, you see that tree right there? Three nights ago, two of 'em got in that tree, and they put me on a concert. Interviewer: #1 Were any of them still around? # 556: #2 Oh man. Are they? # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: They get up in that tree right there. I love to listen to 'em. They like to get up and hoop there. And practically every night you can hear 'em. They come they don't seem to be afraid of town. I've seen 'em downtown. I saw one light in the street right under a bridge at light one night I been out. Sitting up on the bank there and he flew down into the street, I reckon, he's catching a bug or something. But they're very calm. Interviewer: #1 Big ones, uh? # 556: #2 Screech owls. I used to have a caged one. # Sir? Interviewer: The big ones? 556: {D: Yeah, they all out there.} I had one in a cage up a couple of months about that high. {X} Had a country flew in his chicken house one night and told me to come out and get him. {D: At our was that at our haunts?} It's about that high. Interviewer: That's about three feet high. 556: Yeah, he's an enormous thing. I kept him in a cage several months about to break me free. We turned him loose one day. Buy meat down at the store. Interviewer: Make a difference between the hoot owl and the screech owl? 556: Screech owl was a tiny owl. Very little. Interviewer: And uh did you ever hear anybody say a squinch squinch owl? 556: Squinch owl. Niggers called 'em squinch owls. Interviewer: Squinch owls. 556: I don't that's fairly recent they never said screech just squinch owls. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh things that would go after chickens uh 556: Well, there's chicken hawks. Interviewer: And how about animals uh small animals? 556: Well, they they kept rats. Interviewer: Alright. 556: Uh um in fact, hawks are beneficial birds. They catch a few chickens, of course, {NS} but they live mostly on rats. Cotton rats. Field rats. And they're really beneficial, and they shouldn't be killed like people every time they see a hawk that want killing, they shouldn't do it because hawks and owls, as a rule, are very beneficial birds. I found a a owl nest and it would be full of rats, mice, lizards, and snakes for the young. Interviewer: The uh different kinds of squirrels. You say you've gone squirrel 556: Well, uh yeah I've uh they are fox squirrels, red squirrels. I've killed many red squirrels in fact and gray squirrels and every now and then you see an albino squirrel or a black squirrel. They very rare, though. Interviewer: If uh things look like squirrels and run on the ground real quiet, they 556: We don't have those, no. #1 Uh, chipmunks and they don't they're not uh. Yep, we don't have those at all. # Interviewer: #2 Chipmunks. Much as they're called gophers. # And uh the kind of small animal who's after chickens, I guess. Uh, smells bad if you scare 556: {NW} Pole cats. Interviewer: Pole cats? You ever have a a a word that uh you use for pole cats and possums and weasels and rats, and call 'em, put together, a single word? What I'm thinking of is varmint. 556: Varmints? Oh, sure. Interviewer: Now how did you miss did you ever buy that people would joke and say that or not? 556: I'm afraid so. Low-down varmint. Yeah, I've heard that you Interviewer: Is that a uh a kind of joke or is it serious or uh 556: Well, maybe both ways I've heard it referred to both ways. Interviewer: Ah. 556: Some low-down fellow. He's a low-down varmint. I've heard that expression many times. Interviewer: We uh mentioned a pretty word how did you we talked about this yesterday and uh people who call pecker uh peckerwoods. Somebody's called a peckerwood, what's the response there? 556: It means a very small kind of a man. Interviewer: Uh. 556: Peckerwood. They have pecker wood saw mills the little old portable saw mills they call peckerwood saw mills. And they they small maybe like two or three people. Yeah. #1 They are. # Interviewer: #2 What's interesting is # whether peckerwood it means the same thing as redneck or cracker or uh. In Georgia, it's 556: Cracker Interviewer: A man can call another man cracker if they're good friends. Or uh it's a kind of term of endearment. Now is uh I think redneck is a little bit more serious, isn't it? 556: #1 Yeah, it is. It's uh. Had a different connotation, per perhaps. # Interviewer: #2 Like the word? Uh-huh. # How about peckerwood? 556: It's same thing. Interviewer: {NW} 556: They about the same as a redneck. Interviewer: So uh it can be a serious word. You you wouldn't uh 556: You can use either way, you know. You can use it in a friendly way, a joking way. You can Course if you use it in a serious way, you don't tell it to the man himself. #1 {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh another word that I'll ask you, you have you think of any other words that negroes would call whites that they didn't respect? 556: Very well. I've heard of a thousand they referred to 'em as poor white trash. Interviewer: Oh. 556: I was up there of course I was really country up there. Now all the people are gone, the farm houses are burned down, and I picked up one of my old niggers at the old nigger friend of mine, and his name was Percy. They called him Percy. I said, "Percy, any people still living around here now that we used to know?" And he said, "Nah, it's nothing but a bunch of poor white trash in here now." Poor white trash. I you will admit, so Interviewer: Did uh they ever use the word uh hoosier? 556: No, no, that's we didn't use that word at all. Interviewer: What uh what would a poor white call a negro that he didn't like? 556: Well, I don't I don't #1 No, you see # Interviewer: #2 Anything in particular? # 556: Uh now nobody ever referred to poor whites out except the colored people. Now a white person never referred to anybody else as poor white trash, but that was strictly a colored person's word. Interviewer: Suppose a a white person wouldn't have any respect for another white person. What would he call him? Is that where the peckerwood comes in? 556: That's where the peckerwood and the redneck come in. But I never heard a white person refer to another white person as poor white trash, but that was very common among the niggers. They had up where I lived where people were prominent. They had money and and they had the utmost if they'd see a white man working the field, chopping cotton, he was poor white trash. He wasn't supposed to be out there chopping cotton. And a white woman working in the field. I remember one of 'em told me one day, "As you know, I saw that man's wife out in the field chopping cotton. His wife?" I said, "You did?" Said, "You ever hear such a thing?" I said, "No, I never did." But they must be poor white trash. That man's wife out there chopping cotton. He was horrified at the fact that Course as I say our family, we weren't wealthy, but we, you know, got along alright, and but the idea of a white woman out in the field chopping cotton. That nigger just couldn't he just couldn't take that at all. He just thought it was horrible. Interviewer: When you were a boy, what uh what would you call or what would uh would a negro how would the negro address you or your father? 556: Well, he always used the term mister of course uh as you got older now when I was a boy see when I was on the plantation, I didn't have anything to play with but nigger boys. We were just building {D: tongue} with one another until We hunted and fished and camped, and there were no other white kids on the place. And my devoted friends were all niggers, really. We no, and we used to camp together and hunt and fish Interviewer: {D: The term mars has died out before} 556: That died out. It's I hear 'em on television saying master. That that that that wasn't a word at all. It was muster. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: They used the word mu- it wasn't master or marser. It was muster. Interviewer: Muster? 556: That was the old slave expression. Muster. Interviewer: I bet it was gone by the time. 556: It was dying out. I've heard it used many times, though. It was is was it was a word that was dying out at the time, but I heard many of the old niggers use that word many, many times. Interviewer: Were they uh do you remember any terms applying to the woman? To the 556: Old miss. Interviewer: Old miss. 556: Old miss was the No matter whether she was young or old, she was old miss. No matter uh that was the wife of the owner was old miss. Always old miss. Interviewer: What term of uh respect would white people use to toward say older negroes? Uh 556: Always aunt and uncle. Interviewer: Uh. 556: Oh yeah. Always aunt and uncle. Always called the old ones Uncle Ben, Uncle Sam, Uncle John and aunt this uh my old My old aunt know I remember telling you about Aunt Jane. I never called her anything in my life but Aunt Jane. Never. And all the rest of the family called her Aunt Jane. Interviewer: We gonna get back to where we were before with bugs and things. Uh, what kinds of frogs do you remember? 556: Well bullfrogs were very common. I used to kill 'em and eat the legs. Very and I used to love these bullfrogs. We had lots of big bullfrogs. They were enormous things. We used to catch 'em and Jig gig 'em and um dip 'em up in nets. You know, we'd even shoot 'em with a twenty-two rifle here. I was going out at night and put your flashlight right down the barrel of your rifle and shoot him right between the eyes. The eyes would shine like diamonds in the water. And yeah they were quite something. I used to love then um Got up and got traveling around. Went to cafe down here in Jackson. Once I saw frog legs on the menu four and a half I like to fall out of my chair. {NS} Million dollar one time and didn't know it. Interviewer: {X} They're a delicacy. 556: Oh yeah. They were quite a delicacy. Interviewer: And smaller frogs that uh 556: Well, we had uh toad frogs and tree frogs. We used to have a lot of {X} vines growing up around the house and little tree frogs. We used to catch 'em cute little things. Interviewer: And uh hard-shelled 556: Turtles. Interviewer: Things uh turtles near the water or 556: Well, uh uh the terrapin's a dry land uh type. Uh but the turtle's are soft-shelled turtles and they had uh flat-shelled turtle they lived in water and by the way, I caught one just last week out here on the bank of the river about that big. He'd gotten out of the water, but they had various types of turtles. But the terrapin, as I say, is a dry-land. He closes himself completely up. Uh, there's an old nigger out here who used to have a fish trap across the river and I've seen him bring in turtles weighing sixty pounds. Interviewer: Okay. 556: Sixty pounds. Yeah. Forty, fifty, sixty. Biggest number I saw is sixty pounds. Interviewer: What do you remember about these things that uh you'd stick uh put a stick down in the hole or a rat hole and stick 556: Doodle bugs. Interviewer: Those doodle bugs. 556: #1 Doodle bugs. Caught a million of 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Oh uh. # But what are the ones that you find in fresh water? There are pinchers also. Crawfish, you mean? Yes. 556: #1 Crawfish? Yeah, crawfish. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 That what they call 'em? Crawfish? # And uh, they're good to eat, right? 556: Yeah, yeah. Yeah, when we was kids, we used to catch 'em, fry 'em. And first got 'em to a shrimp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Now they have there's different types of crawfish. Down in Louisiana, they have the red crawfish, which is quite a delicacy. They make crawfish crawfish bisque. In fact, I have some canned crawfish bisque here right now my daughter brought me from New Orleans. Interviewer: Oh, I wonder if you would give me a sketch of the house where you grew up uh 556: Uh, let's see. Maybe I can. Interviewer: If I can remember, {X} 556: Now, see my say my two grandfathers played for {C: distant} {X} I grew up{C:distant} See now, that's what{C: distant} {X} {X} Interviewer: We're doing a good job of forgetting the tape recorder, which is what we want. But I almost forgot to bring it over. 556: Uh that's out of out of proportion. Wait a minute. This home this is my grandfather Kriegler's home. Here was a house back here like this, see? It had a hall through the house back there. Room in a room here. Interviewer: #1 And your hall was closed or open? # 556: #2 Room here. # Well, there's an open door here and right on through the door's these rooms. And right here you talk about a plunder room. Well, right here was a Kind of a store room you could use. And out here Like this was a kitchen. Interviewer: I see. 556: And there was a wing in the building. About like that which had three rooms and that was other side of the house. That's the way it looked. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Um. There was a kitchen back there kind of it wasn't detached, but it was Interviewer: Yes, let's uh. Let's indicate what those rooms were. This is the plunder room. 556: That was the plunder room. This was a bedroom, of course. That was a bedroom. And this was, {D: wait a minute.} That was the dining room, I believe it was. I know it was. And wait a minute. It has been a long time ago. Interviewer: Sure, uh. 556: Uh, now these were bedrooms. This was up here was a kind of a sitting room and it had this horse hair furniture, you know. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 556: I used to sit on it, you know. And that's uh and by it was beautiful furniture, you know that. That furniture disappeared, and they told me they found out an old house it was rotted. It was beautiful stuff. But nobody ever sat on it because it {X} new. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 556: #2 Well, that was my grandfather. Right here now was his uh # Uh office his this this was his uh it had drawers all around it in here, you know, and that was his consulting room back there. Had a place where they could lie down their patients, and that then that'll be Paling fence around all of it, you see? Interviewer: I understand uh where where would the parlor this would be a 556: Up here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: See, it was uh this was colored, see? You walked in, and that was the parlor and whatnot in the corner. Now that was this that was grandfather {X} home, and this other was a big old home built way back before the Civil War. It was a big house like that, and the kitchen was right here like that. I remember the kitchen, it had a hall that went right through it. A big hall. A big double-doors, you know? And it was on the a bedroom there. That and that was a dining room. Interviewer: This would be a kitchen, and this would be the kitchen? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright, and did you have a little room of the kitchen where you'd store things uh? 556: Well, no. Interviewer: Plunder? 556: Well oh but back here they had this there's a building they used for storing stuff in and also it doubled as a salt house I was back then and behind way back here was an enormous barn. Interviewer: The thing that you call a pantry. 556: Well, they had a pantry here in the dining room. There was a had big double-doors on it with shelves right in here. That was a pantry right there. And these were all Interviewer: In other words, it was built in or anything more than a room? Was it something built into to the room? 556: And it stuck out into the room. Interviewer: Uh. 556: And right over the dining room table was a poker. You know. Interviewer: Mm. 556: And and the right out the window here. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 556: #2 {X} # Their momma then was you know, supposed to fly, keep it cool. Keep the flies off up the screens. And they thought it would slow down my grandfather. Help her! You know, {C: laughing} the nigger boy would forget about it. {C: laughing} He'd turn around and holler out the window. See the thing out there a pulley, you know? And uh, it'd help him down. speaker#3: Did you put down this window? 556: #1 I'm watching # Interviewer: #2 How are you? # 556: Did you did you meet Patricia? speaker#3: #1 No, I didn't. How are you? Good to see you. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: I was watching this in here. speaker#3: Put it down. Get so down. Waited an hour for him when I Interviewer: Took a shower coming down. speaker#3: Yes. Interviewer: The uh weather's awesome to predict. The uh newspaper this morning said nice, sunny today, tomorrow, but speaker#3: It's all the editorial says is what's so rare as a day in June. Interviewer: #1 That's right. An hour before # speaker#3: #2 You can tell what it'll be # 556: I see this park it was like that. It had streams of paper. Papers oh down here. And that thing worked on a pulley up here in the ceiling, and the string went up the pulley and out the window. The nigger boy would stood out there on the ground, and pulled it between every meal. And that's the way the thing had uh P-U-N-K-A-H, I believe. And How you how you spell punkah Louise? speaker#4: What? 556: Punkah. speaker#4: Like a cook up here? 556: The punkah the punkah over the dining room table we used to have. speaker#4: Oh punkah. 556: Yeah. speaker#4: P-U-N-K-A. 556: {C: laughing} I knew it was punkah. Like with the punkah. And then then there was a big porch. You know, I forgot about the porch. Interviewer: Is there a porch on this house? Uh. 556: Yeah, I forgot about the porch. Yeah, here's the porch. Stuck a way out like this, and this porch still out like this with columns, you know. And the steps here when one steps up here to right up steps. Interviewer: And this uh talking about a porch, uh suppose you'd have a little uh roof over a door uh you would have a name 556: Entry. That was the entry. Interviewer: Entry, uh? 556: Entry. Interviewer: They didn't they didn't use stoop? 556: No, they didn't use stoop. First time I heard stoop was when I went uh up to Pecusa to school. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: And I remember coming back from church coming back from school one day one of the girls sat out and old Aunt Lily come out. Who's that girl sitting out there on my stoop? {NW} And I'd never heard the word stoop before until she said stoop. I tell you you mean the steps? Stoop. Uh cause this was none of this was this was the back porch. Oh, I forgot about the back porch. The back porch. And then the steps came. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And that house is still standing, and it's in terrible shape. It's gotten up to falling out there last time it's terrible. Nobody lives in it, nobody since. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Now that's the way it looked. Interviewer: How uh and what would be the parlor? 556: #1 In this house we had no parlor. We had no parlor. # Interviewer: #2 This. Uh this uh. # Where did you spend most of your time as a family uh? Uh. 556: You mean where? Of course we had big chairs on the porch in the summertime. We set out on the porches and on the back porch. And and and uh on this is one my grandmother and grandfather's bedroom. We spent a lot of time in there. And this was my room back here. That room back here. I had it I had lived back there. Interviewer: Did you have anything called the big room? 556: Not in this particular house. This this was a bedroom and that was a bedroom. Interviewer: Told her in the Kriegler house. Did you have a big room? 556: Well, mostly we used one of these rooms up here. We this was a sitting room right here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And. Interviewer: Uh, would you tell me a you mentioned the whatnot. What other things would you have in the other items 556: Sits right in the corner. Well, just little uh I remember she had little seashells on it that somebody brought up from the coast and Uh {X} Interviewer: You told me that you remember some kind of warning that she'd give you 556: Oh well she'd say you mustn't touch anything on it the whatnot. I couldn't touch anything a little little glass figurines and various little uh things she'd collected, you know, little glass uh figures and vases and seashells and And uh little various little things like that, you know she'd collected over the years and Interviewer: What other things would you have in the parlor uh what items, furniture? 556: Well, on the part in the middle there was uh always a uh marble top table. Generally the Bible and a copy of Pilgrim's Progress was on it, and one of these things I still got it uh one of these viewing outfits, you know. I have it up there now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I I just played with it when I was a child. I still got it. That was on the table, and course there was paintings around the wall that my old aunt did when she went to college as a girl. She studied painting. {D: I'll show you one of them now whether I get around to it} Interviewer: And the items that they uh sit on uh what what what was made out of horse hair? 556: It was uh the chairs. There was a straight chair and a cup maybe a couple of straight chairs and a rocking chair and a couch. All house horse hair. And you sit on the things, and the horse hair would stick you, you know. You had short pants on. Sit down on that horse hair, and there's a consequence those that furniture {X} nobody would sit on it. It was beautiful stuff. It was walnut carved walnut, and I've often wondered what came of that one, and I asked him for advice. I said that stuff still out in an old lighthouse somewhere and rained on it and rotted it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well they uh they would use word couch rather than sofa or would there be some 556: The word was couch. I never heard the word sofa. I never heard of a sofa or a sofa. Interviewer: You have anything called a loveseat? 556: Uh, no they didn't have. I knew what a loveseat was, but we didn't have one. That was a outfit like that we didn't have a loveseat. Interviewer: And in the bedroom uh what different items would you have? 556: Well, of course there was a big bed. I used to sleep well by the way, I forgot to tell you this is a two-story house. Interviewer: Oh! 556: This in here was Yeah. Interviewer: How would you where how would you get up? 556: The stairs, the stairs. Interviewer: And where were they then on 556: The stairs were right here and they started right here. Interviewer: Right through the front door. 556: Yeah, right the back. Now, wait a minute. Interviewer: {X} 556: This is the front of the house. The stairs were right here. Going up to the two rooms upstairs. And then the bed I slept in was up there. Only four posters with a {X} and I fell a bed. I ain't got out of that bed's the kind of I'd sleep up there sometime, but this was my room. I slept down there mostly. But when company came, you know, they'd {NS} Sometimes have to go upstairs. There was two rooms upstairs in this house. That's what a two story house is. I'd rather get to calling it a story and a half because it wasn't strictly two story, but it did have two rooms upstairs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What other {C: clearing throat} items would you have in the bedroom? Uh Places. 556: Well, of course there's a bed and a big dresser. Interviewer: Did the dresser have a mirror? 556: A big mirror over it over it yeah a big mirror and the dresser and around by the way I have a round paved one in there right now. I'll show it to you. Interviewer: Oh. 556: But they kept their books and papers and stuff in it. Interviewer: What would you keep your clothes in? 556: {X} Uh. I know there was a there was a in here There was a pantry yeah they kept stuff in. And as I remember, they kept the clothes hung on racks behind the bed. The whole bed. Interviewer: I see. 556: There were hooks on the wall behind the bed. They kept their clothes speaker#3: I got these things down the hall {X} 556: {X} speaker#3: I'm going to {X}. Where you think I'm going? 556: Oh yeah, that's right. speaker#3: I just excuse me {X} I don't want any money. I don't want any 556: #1 {X} # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 556: She's going out to the country club to the ladies' night. Interviewer: See well, that's fine. I I enjoy switching for one. Did you have anything called a wardrobe? 556: Yeah, we did. That's right we did have a wardrobe. Big wardrobes, that's right. I forgot all about the wardrobes. In this room here, had a marvelous wardrobe right there. with a and by the way I had it here. And uh the beautiful thing. But it was so big we had two of 'em here, and my cousin came up from Florida here last summer And went to take and the whole thing collapsed there's not a nail or a screw in it. It just fitted together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And so he loaded on top the station wagon and took it to Florida. Beautiful thing out of walnut. That's right, there was a big wardrobe right there. Interviewer: And uh. 556: That's where she kept a lot of her clothes in that wardrobe. Interviewer: Did you have anything that was made just of drawers? 556: No. Interviewer: Without a mirror? 556: No. {NS} Interviewer: Or anything called a chifforobe? 556: No. {NS} No, they didn't have nothing except that that uh I forgot they about the wardrobe. They did have two big wardrobes. They were enormous things. Interviewer: Or a chiffonier? 556: No. Interviewer: Just called it a dresser? 556: Had a, in the front hall at this grandfather, they had a A hat rack, a thing that stood up with you know, where you put stuff on. And on the wall was one of these things that you let out, you know. You hung hats on. I that was in the front hall and also an organ, an old pump-organ set in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh {C: clearing throat} in the kitchen you uh in fact when we were talking this morning you mentioned a safe uh. Would you 556: Yeah, well that was in the dining room. It was a Interviewer: Oh, it was the dining? 556: Yeah, it was a a thing with two doors metal with a little hole that popped in it's you know it's designed so that's where they kept all the cakes and the pie and stuff like that. Interviewer: #1 The purpose of the safe was to keep bugs away that or flies that {X} that uh # 556: #2 Right, right. # Had little tiny holes in the middle. It was a metal um Tin, I suppose. And designed worked on it you know flowers. With little tiny holes, you know to get the air in. That's where I think we kept the cake and the pie and the preserves and the pickles and all that kind of stuff. All homemade, of course. Interviewer: You uh mentioned this morning also how you kept the uh The milk cold. 556: #1 Down in the cistern. # Interviewer: #2 Where was that uh? # Where would be the cistern? 556: Cistern was and at this at this grandfather's it was just out by the behind the kitchen. A deep cistern and that water was just as cold So you put the milk in they called them coolers was about that big around and maybe three feet long. And let it down in that cold water, and that milk was delicious. It was cold as can be. Interviewer: How did you fill the cistern up? 556: Gutters from the house. See the house had gutters all around it, and and of course a lot of it you didn't have to fill it. The water came in but I remember sometimes my grandfather wait after a big rain and after they got washed off thoroughly, he'd turn the gutter into the cistern and let the rainwater run into the cistern. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But uh Interviewer: Somebody told me that uh they never collected water for their cistern during the summer because they're afraid of mosquitoes. It would be a 556: Well, you kept you kept fish in the water to take to heat up the {X} see? Interviewer: {D: wash}? 556: You drop a few fish down there, and they they would keep Interviewer: #1 Take care of it. Uh-huh. # 556: #2 They take care of the mosquitoes. # Interviewer: And uh and a kind of situation like this. What would be this part of the roof or it'd go like this. 556: #1 And this roof like # Interviewer: #2 # 556: that and this went like that. That's the way. Interviewer: And uh it would form would it form a kind of a thing like this? 556: Well, the gutters went all the way around it, you see? A wooden gutters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And uh. Had one going to the cistern, which wasn't connected until he wanted to get some water, now. Uh. And you wouldn't you'd wait until the rain rained a good deal to wash all the dust and stuff off the roof. And then if you wanted to turn it into the well, you could turn this gutter into the well. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But this water in this well at this grandfather's house must've been subterranean water because that well never did go dry. We always had plenty good water. But this grandfather quite often had to turn some water into the well. Interviewer: I see. 556: And we Interviewer: Uh, did you did you ever call this a valley? The valley of the roof? 556: Yeah, sure. {X} Interviewer: Uh, {C: clearing throat} the reason I ask that question is that uh where it was where that was called a valley, then the place to the things to catch water would be called gutters. 556: Well, we called we usually well the gutters were what these were gutters, and the valleys was Down in in between where the roofs came together. Interviewer: Other people would call the val- what you would describe as the valley, they call that a gutter, and they use these as eavesdrops. 556: Well, our gutters were made out of wood shaped like that, see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And right around there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And they they'd carry the water off the roof. Interviewer: How did you heat uh would you tell me about your heating arrangements? 556: Just enormous fireplaces was all. Interviewer: Alright. And in each room? 556: Each room had a big fireplace. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how would you start uh start the fire? 556: In the morning? Interviewer: Yes, you have a recollection of how 556: Yeah, well one of the niggers would come in and start it. Interviewer: Mm. 556: They always kept a big backlog there had a backlog that they'd put on at night. The last thing he'd put is a big log behind and and it would put ashes up over the fire. And the next morning was very simple. They'd just bring in some kindling and in just a few minutes, they'd have the fire going, raked the ashes back and that would be the coals. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: We smoldered all night this backlog big enormous log, and just throw on some fresh fuel and off she went. Interviewer: Uh. You had you had pine when you were Oh yeah. 556: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever call that # Uh, fat pine or 556: Oh yeah. Fat pine. We'd use that to start the fire with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: By the way this house, these floors that we're standing on are fat pine. This house is nearly a hundred years old. And that porch out there had it buffed off here a couple of months ago. And the fellow said this floor is made out of fat pine. Do you know it? I said, " Sure, I know it." And this whole house is made our of hard pine and cyprus. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: It wouldn't have been it wouldn't have been nearly a hundred years if it hadn't been made out of good stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But it is good lumber in this house and it's been here a long time. This house was built in eighteen eighty. Interviewer: Eighteen eighty. Mm. The uh {C: clearing throat} different parts of the fireplace that you uh you recall uh 556: {C: clearing throat} Well, we had a big pair and each one of them had a big pair andirons and as the niggers called 'em dog irons. Big iron andirons and one of them at this grandfather's house was beautiful things come up and brass, big brass top stove. But all of 'em had andirons or as they called 'em dog irons. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And a place that's that was built out in the floor, what was that? 556: #1 Hearth. # Interviewer: #2 # 556: That was the hearth. Brick. Interviewer: Brick? Uh. 556: Yeah, big big brick hearth. And you That's why you never you never burned green wood in your because it popped. Pop at you and burn your coffee. So you always tried to use cured wood. It wouldn't pop at That green wood would pop and splatter and burn good. Interviewer: And above the fireplace, what 556: A mantle. Interviewer: And where did you have one that? 556: Oh boy. Well, my grandmother used to make her own lighters. She'd get pretty paper and roll out a big vase for always Vase full of lamp lighters up there on in a big vase. She liked to get pretty paper and roll 'em about about that long, you know. Bend 'em at the end and keep unrolling, and she always kept us. And on each end was a couple I still got the brass candlesticks. I'd show 'em to you. They'd sat on each end of the mantle was these big brass candlesticks. And she kept this lighters and various things. And grandfather kept a box of tobacco up there for his pipe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did you use for {C: coughing} in the lamps? Uh. 556: Kerosene. Coal oil. Interviewer: Did you? Uh, do you since you had fat pine, do you recall any use of pine knots or oil? 556: No, well I've got some pine nuts down on the museum. We didn't use pine nuts out there. We used strictly kerosene lamps. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I got one in there electrified. I'd show it to you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That's a very beautiful lamps I wish I had 'em now. Interviewer: And when uh you first uh got electricity, what uh 556: We didn't have electricity in the country. We never did get it. Interviewer: Ever mean to? 556: No. Interviewer: When it first came to town, what did you call the things that uh give off the light when they first came in? 556: Light bulbs. Interviewer: Did you always call 'em bulbs? 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} 556: I remember very well when the first electric was built here in Macon. Only had night had night current never turned on at daytime. At dark every just about dark everyday they blew a wildcat whistle down there. That meant the lights were on. Turn on your lights. Them old bulbs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, well, this is fine except I told I've forgotten the great many things there. Uh how are you doing for for time uh {X} I have uh a great many other things I'd like to ask you. You have a marvelous memory, and I would like to Spend some more time with you. 556: #1 Go right ahead. I've got all day. My wife has gone to the country club, so we're not bothered with her anymore. # Interviewer: #2 My question is uh what are you doing alright? Oh. # Well, let's uh you're comfortable there, then I'll just keep the recording here, and I'd like to uh ask you some other questions about the house. How did you keep uh the light out the windows uh {C: clearing throat}. In fact, uh did you have anything to keep the. Did you have shutters or? 556: Not a thing. Nothing. Not one thing. There were no blinds on that house. Uh, the old blinds. This house used to have 'em. We took 'em down. But the old blind you know shut right through there we didn't have 'em. Interviewer: #1 Now uh the blinds would be on the outside or the inside? # 556: #2 On the outside. # And this house it was equipped with both. I have one in the house now. The inside blinds. And the outside blinds. This house had both kinds. I still hadn't built in the house now. Interviewer: And uh the uh did you have anything like shades? 556: Had window shades. But In this particular house yeah, there was absolutely nothing on those windows. We didn't have any anything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Nothing. Interviewer: And in the {C: clearing throat} house with the second story did you have something uh above that? That you can in fact, in either house, did you use any of the area under the roof but above the the ceilings? Uh, in other words, would it be a did you use uh the attic or the loft? Uh {X} 556: #1 Well, I am # Interviewer: #2 The loft and the barn. # But in the house would it be an attic or a loft? 556: It was it was an attic. We called an attic. And the and these two rooms up here upstairs each one was open right there and the story was tough up there, outside those rooms the eave under the uh roof. It was unfinished. And we stored all kinds of stuff up there. And uh these two rooms upstairs each one of 'em had a big closet. A big closet in each one of those rooms. Interviewer: {C: clearing throat} And they had a a built-in closet? 556: Yeah, a big closet a walk-in closet right big things. Kept all kind of stuff in there. Interviewer: You mentioned a feather bed uh what else do you remember on it uh what did you have on the bed and what did you use to keep warm and what would you use to 556: #1 Homemade quilts quilts. # Interviewer: #2 Display. Uh. # 556: Quilts and then they used to have quilting parties there. I showed you my grandfather's office his room back here. Interviewer: Yeah. 556: About once a month, they'd have a quilting in there. All the women would come around and they had a frame they'd let down from the ceiling. And they'd sit around that thing and do the quilting. Mostly a gossip party what it was, but they sewed right along. I don't know what more maybe a dozen women sit around that thing working on these quilts. Beautiful quilts now. Interviewer: Did you have um anything that you'd keep on the bed for display uh sort of like that? #1 Uh, that that was just for display. # 556: #2 Oh yeah they had a counterpin. They called it a counterpin. Yeah. # Counterpin yeah that was just to cover that's to cover the quilts. Interviewer: And um 556: You took the counterpin off when you went to bed. Interviewer: I see and did you have a pillow that went all the way across? Uh. 556: Well there was such thing, but we just had no we And by the way, they often used shuck mattresses. Now, if you ever slept on a shuck mattress {C: laughing} Lord, I remember {D: I used to have to sleep behind it's fine a shuck mattress for tents shuck mattress made out of shucks.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Corn shucks. Interviewer: What were the uh {C: clearing throat} how were the pillows made and 556: Pillows were mostly goose feathers. Um they had geese you know they'd pick the geese and stuff the feathers stuff those. They made fine pillows, too. Interviewer: #1 Uh you said you had seen those pillows that went all the way around? What's what did they were they for display or? # 556: #2 Yeah. # Bolsters, they called 'em. Wasn't it wasn't that the proper name? Interviewer: That's where what some people call 'em, but I'm not sure whether they actually were used or whether they 556: Nah, they didn't use Interviewer: Uh. 556: As I remember, they didn't use that bolster. They put it up there just to make the bed up and at night you had your own separate pillow. Interviewer: How about the word pillow sham? 556: Oh yeah. Pillow shams and Interviewer: That's not the same as a bolster. 556: No, a pillow sham is what we call a pillowcase today. Interviewer: I see. 556: See, the pillowcase. The shams went over the pillow. Pillow was made out of uh. What they call bed {X} And stuffed with goose feathers. And very fine feathers. They were good. I'd like to have one now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: #1 These things # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # The sham then was not the was in for to make it look nice rather than 556: The sham pillow sham is the same as a pillowcase. Interviewer: Okay, I see. So you actually use it uh 556: Interchangeably as pillowcase and pillow sham. I'd have 'em call a pillow sham, some call 'em pillow case. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if did you ever as a boy uh sleep on the floor on anything? 556: Oh lord, man. A pallets oh boy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: I'd uh A lot of times we'd have a lot lots of company, nowhere else to sleep. On a pallet. I'll make him a pallet. Slept a many a night on the floor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Nothing but a quilt and a pillow. Interviewer: #1 Uh do you have any recollections of the how the women uh how the uh the help would keep the floors clean and where they'd keep things, how they'd do dishes, how they'd do laundry? # 556: #2 Well, yeah once # Once a week I believe it was a cook would what you call scour the kitchen floor. Scour it with lye. She'd use lye and a brush broom and man and scrub that floor with that lye, you know. Call it scouring the floor. She'd scour the kitchen floor about once a week. No, she'd say I got to scour today. I got to scour now everybody get out. I got to scour. Well, she'd rub that floor. {C: laughing} Interviewer: How about doing uh washing and ironing? 556: Well, they had a big wash pot out in the yard. In a tub and a rub boat they'd call 'em. And this big wash pot they'd build a fire on it and get the water hot and And put it in the tub with the iron with the scrubbing boat and wash the clothes and the tub of water and hang it up on the line to dry. Interviewer: How'd they get the uh soap out? Would they boil it and scrub it? 556: Well, they used different water. You see, you'd wash it with soap first. You'd pull water out then put fresh water in the tub. And that'd get the soap out of the clothes. And you wrung 'em out, you know, in your hand, and hung 'em on the line. It's where you got the soap out in the water. Interviewer: Do you have any recollection of ironing? 556: Oh yeah. Yes uh yeah one of 'em right there. Interviewer: Oh yes? 556: Yes sir there. The wash woman. Yeah, the wash woman. And by the way, some of the old nigger women were {X} I wish I had 'em now to do my shirts. Do beautiful washing and ironing. Starch 'em beautifully. And then we had one woman who could do a shirt just perfect. Better than anyone launder in the United States could do 'em today. Could iron 'em perfectly. That's that's one of mine right there. And we heat it in front of the fire. Interviewer: In front of the fire? 556: Yeah, set 'em around the fire. Now three or four or five of 'em lined up. {NS} Unknown. Interviewer: Oh yes. 556: #1 They'd have # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: They'd have four or five of 'em lined up in front of the fire and for one, put it back and pick up a hot one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh The doing dishes things like that uh 556: Had what they called the dish pan. Washed 'em in the dish pan. Interviewer: Where'd you get your hot water uh? 556: {D: Off the each little old souls had a reservoir.} They kept the warm water on the one of 'em. On the side of the store, the niggers called 'em reser boil reser boiler. The reservoir, of course. We call it a reser boilers. {C: laughing} Reservoir. And it held about uh maybe three or four gallons of water. It was hooked on the side, and the water didn't get especially hot. It just got warm. And they use the water out of the reservoir to wash the dishes in and in the dish pan, a big pan. Interviewer: Uh, if you if you had a smaller iron uh container on the stove, uh I think sometimes they fit it down in an eye. 556: Well, quite often they would heat the iron on the stove. But when there wasn't no fireplace, they just set the irons on the stove and built a good fire on the stove, you see. Let down the heat from the fire of the stove. Interviewer: Uh I wonder was this a uh this was a kettle or something you'd heat water in or the reservoir be just be for the dishes? 556: Warm water. Then you had a kettle for boiling water. Interviewer: {X} 556: If I got the whole story of it. Interviewer: I think that's uh {NS} be a good thing uh to uh have on the tape the uh these these are Choctaw. This is Choctaw. 556: #1 Choctaw. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} And I'm not sure I understand uh uh the difference between this area and Philadelphia and what uh 556: Well Going the difference is in Philadelphia, they govern supervisor he takes care of any over here these are on their own. Interviewer: I see. 556: They have probably a couple of hundred living in a county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And they all strictly on their own over here. And if they would go over there, they they could go to school. They had a church and the school, a hospital. It'd be a wonderful thing if they'd go, but they won't go. Interviewer: And you said you knew the chief who uh 556: Oh yeah. Interviewer: instead of uh sending sending uh his people over there in fact he snatched a few away from you. 556: well now and then he'd slip a family out of there, so the agent told me. And but he was very anxious to get these Indians to move over there, but the old chief And by the way, I think he was largely a self-appointed chief, but the Indians had a great deal of respect for him, and and he had a great influence with 'em. Back in about nineteen back in the fifties, I don't know probably one day. I was sitting in the office and this gentleman from the courthouse brought a note in. I still have the note. Says, "Please come see me. I'm in jail. Bring me a watermelon and a bottle of snuff." And I thought maybe they picked him up on some little charge, so I got him a bottle Levi Garrett snuff and a watermelon, and I went down there he was very indignant. Sitting up in the cell. They locked him up. I said, "Chief, what have you done to lock up?" Oh, he killed another Indian. And he said, "He needed killing, and I killed him and tried to break into my house, and I killed him. He was drunk, I think." And he said, "Uh the white man of course not supposed to try me," he says, "According to the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit, I'm supposed to be tried by Indians, and not white people." Well, I said, "I don't have a copy of this treaty, but I'll get it and we'll read about it." So he said, "Aw, alright so {X} when we get a copy of the treaty." And got a photostatic copy of out of the state department, and I went down there and read it to the Indian. And one of the clauses said, "You Indians who refuse to go to Indian territory." That the treaty hung up on that subject. Some of 'em wouldn't go. Said, "We'll die before we'll leave our homeland here in Mississippi." So the next day, they had a addition to the treaty. And those Indians who desire to live in Mississippi can stay. But they shall become citizens of the state amending with all the laws of the of Mississippi. And now here was a trick. To each family who so stays, we shall give a section of land to the head of the family. To each child over ten, I believe it was, we'll give a half a section. Each child under ten a quarter section. If you decide to stay, that's what we'll give you. But you'll become citizens of the state of Mississippi. But you must make application for this land within six months. Or you'll be barred. Well this was a big country. Indians had nowhere of communication. And lot of 'em just didn't make the application, didn't know how to make it, or where. There were was a drunken land agent here at Mayhew by the name of {NS} And they grow up out of {X} and you'd either not be there or be drunk or he'd curse him out and run him off. So many of 'em didn't get the land, and some of these Indians here right now if they had their desserts, they'd be millionaires. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: So this old chief ah he might have been a self-appointed chief. I don't know, but anyhow he killed this Indian, and now he was sitting up in jail, very indignant that the white men had arrested him and put him in jail like a common criminal. And uh as I uh as I read the treaty to him, he said, "Well, I didn't know that. I thought I didn't know I could get tried." But anyhow, I said, "We'll have to get you a lawyer." He said, "I haven't got any money." I said, "Well, I'll probably get you a lawyer." Maybe won't charge you anything. So there's very good lawyer named Mr. W.B. {NS} He's died now, but I went down and explained it to him and told him he'd get some publicity out of it. And I said let's take the old Indian's case and help the old Indian out, you know. I'll just do it. So he dropped everything and went down had a conference with the chief. That was long about the first of August and August the court was coming up right away that month. So he had several conferences with him and they had a big trial and at that trial all the big city papers it it the newsreel news media had picked it up and they had reporters here, and I was at 'em. {X} section of the New York Times had put a photographer here. They put in special lease telegraph wires because the local operator couldn't send 'em fast enough this press. And Indians flocked in here from as far away as Oklahoma to that trial, and in Macon just about stood on his head everybody about a week or two while the trial was going on. Interviewer: About how many years ago was it? 556: That was back in the fifties. Interviewer: Fifties? 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And you uh how old was the chief and 556: Well, he was a hundred-and-four when he died in nineteen-seventy. He was he was pretty up in years and even then Interviewer: Must've been. 556: But anyhow, we got this lawyer, and the courtroom was packed. All the reporters were there with their notebooks at the ready. Photographers everywhere. Crack reporter named {D: Megso} {NS} from New Orleans item came up, and he made a big deal out of it in the headlines and all the papers. And by the way, the pictures were in there {X} section of the New York Times. I remember that very well. And he the uh district attorney presented the case. The evidence against the Indian. It had to all be done through uh interpreters. So this {NS} got up, and he made a speech. Man, it must've lasted an hour. Uh, he dwelt on the injustice that the Choctaws had been submitted to by the white people and all. He just raved, and the jury wasn't not ten minutes. Not guilty. Turn him loose. Interviewer: {X} 556: Mm-hmm. Not guilty. He proved it. He shot him in self-defense. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You say you have uh you found a lot of Indian relics. 556: Oh yeah. There's still lots of 'em here. I have found five. Been picking 'em up ever since I was a kid. All sorts of stuff. I'll show you down in here. Have you got time to go by the museum today? Interviewer: I would like to try tomorrow. 556: Well, alright. We'll go tomorrow. I have quite a collection down at the museum. Lots of other old things down there. You talked about lighter nuts. That's what they used to use in the old cabinet. I have some of those. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: They smoked and flared, you know. Till they'd burn out. Interviewer: I wonder we could ask you some more questions about the house uh while it's fresh in our minds uh. Did you ever uh you mentioned the stove in the kitchen. That burned wood? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: You never burned any coal? 556: No, never heard of coal. We burned wood. Kalamazoo range. Interviewer: Kalamazoo. 556: Old Kalamazoo. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you uh people had coal, what did they keep the coal in? 556: They didn't have any coal. Interviewer: Didn't have any. 556: There was no such thing as coal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Had the wood box sitting by the fireplaces. Kept the wood in. Interviewer: And {NS} you mentioned the smokestack on the uh evaporator 556: Molasses mill. Interviewer: Molasses mill uh the difference between a uh floo and a chimney some sometimes I hear floo and sometimes it's chimney. 556: Well, a flue was generally a small chimney, as I understand it. It was uh just a small chimney. Interviewer: #1 Uh. Now would that be these types you see on wood houses? Just to the roof? # 556: #2 Yeah. # Yeah, just a small one. And front of this house had chimneys on it. Enormous chimneys. Interviewer: Which come would start 556: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Start on the ground. # 556: All the way from the ground up. Interviewer: Outside. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. You mentioned a slop bucket or slop what was it you had it outside? 556: Outside the kitchen. Well, it Interviewer: Can of 556: That's right anything that was left over that was edible the cook dropped in there for the hogs. Interviewer: Uh. 556: He went out and put that in the hog trough. Interviewer: Where would you keep water? Uh. To drink? 556: Every time you wanted a bucket a a drink of water you drew up a fresh bucket out of the well. Interviewer: Uh, what kind of bucket was that uh? 556: Well it was it was just a metal bucket. Had a witness had a witness on the well, you know. And I know every time my grandfather wanted a drink of water. "Get me a fresh bucket of water." So I had to go draw fresh bucket. Of course, I'd set down a bucket with a dipper, and soon got warm, see? Get a fresh bucket cold. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Every time company came, fresh bucket of water. Interviewer: What did you uh you said you milked six cows. Uh what did you milk the cows into? 556: Water bucket. A stool and a buckets. Interviewer: Same same type bucket. 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You don't remember cedar buckets and they were not 556: We yeah we had cedar buckets. We used a cedar bucket for the water. {NS} That we drank out of. Everybody drank out of the same dipper. Never heard about uh uh germs in those days. Well, that dipper floated on that bucket of water. Interviewer: By the way, you mentioned uh milking. Would you explain the different uh how you'd milk the uh cows in the bucket. Then, what would be the next step? 556: You know, when the bucket got full, you went poured it in a big in a larger container. Interviewer: Uh. 556: Get it into the house and poured it into this uh Interviewer: Did you strain uh? 556: Oh yeah, I strained it. Yeah, sure. I strained it through a strainer. Interviewer: Was that uh made of what was the strainer made of? 556: It's very fine mesh wire. Copper, seemed to be copper. Very fine and You strained it and then you uh {NS} The milk was to be churned you put down earthen wear container for it to turn to clabber. Then, you'd churn it, the butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: #1 I still have two of the churns down at the museum. # Interviewer: #2 I know. # Mm-hmm. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Do do you remember uh anything made out of the clabber? 556: Well, we made uh we used to have a Jewish friend called it {D: smilkees} It was uh We used to my grandmother would uh put the clabber in a in a sack and hang it up and let it drip. And then that would very good uh was say that with sugar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do your did your family say uh spare case or 556: No, we didn't call it smilkees, but this Jewish friend did call it smilkees. But we didn't call it smilkees. Interviewer: #1 That's uh that's an eastern Pennsylvania term. # 556: #2 Uh. Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh. By the way, that's uh German. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} What did your family call it? Uh. 556: Well Interviewer: Recall? 556: No, we just called it clabber, but this old German, he chopped onions up in his. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: He put pepper and salt and onions. Interviewer: #1 And then he said I smilkees and he'd chop all this onions up. See in the duh. # 556: #2 I see. # Interviewer: In the uh kitchen {NS} what would you use to fry eggs in? 556: In in a skillet. On a skillet. Flat skillet. Interviewer: If the skillet had you ever see a skillet with legs? 556: Yeah, and there's one right down there. {NS} You had on there see right on the end of that. Interviewer: Oh, sure. 556: See, now we had a top to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: And now the negroes used that. They cooked everything in that skillet. It had a top on it, and they put corn on the bottom and on top of it, too. I don't have the copy yet, but that's the skillet. Interviewer: I hope the rain goes away, so I can get some pictures tomorrow uh. 556: That's a three-legged skillet. That that there. Interviewer: And do you ever call it an oven? 556: No, but we had a Dutch oven. #1 Had a Dutch oven. # Interviewer: #2 Is that something different? # 556: That was you set it in front of the fire. Interviewer: Oh. 556: My grandmother had a Dutch oven. It was, you know, semi-circular. Set on three legs. And she'd put bread in there and set it in front of the fire and reflect it against that, and it'd cook perfectly in that Dutch oven. Interviewer: It didn't have legs on it. 556: Had three legs on it. Interviewer: Well, the difference then between the Dutch oven and a and a three-legged skillet I wonder is it would be the same thing or 556: No, a three-legged skilled had fire under it, and on top of it, too. You see, it had the niggers called it the lid. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 556: That you put coal to fire on top of it and under it, too. But the Dutch oven, you see, it had no fire. You set it in front of the fireplace. Uh when there was a fire in the fireplace. And she would put biscuit in that thing and and it was uh shiny inside in the heat, you know. Interviewer: I see. 556: It would have solved the heat. You sit that thing in front of a roaring fire and a biscuit would cook perfectly in that Dutch oven. Interviewer: Uh. You mentioned uh in the chickens. Did you ever put anything in the nest to fool a hen? 556: Had nest eggs. Interviewer: Uh. 556: Chi-China. Interviewer: Then you have {X} 556: China nest eggs. And a lot of people used uh gourds. Interviewer: Oh, little gourds? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: That 556: Yeah. That's the hens the hens thought that was an egg. They'd put those gourds in there or China nest eggs, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: and see it looked like an egg. Interviewer: Sure. 556: #1 That was a gourd. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Same size. # {NS} Different uh things you different kinds of knives and utensils used at the table. Uh, for example, uh case knives that were uh 556: Yeah, were case knives mighty well. They had a bone handle to 'em. Interviewer: Bone. 556: Yeah, we didn't use those for company. We used 'em every day. For company, we got out the silverware. Interviewer: Oh, I see. Case knives was the ordinary thing. 556: Just the ordinary, everyday knife. Interviewer: And the knife uh the other utensils you recall from the kitchen or you could use at the table. 556: Or of course, we used knives and forks and spoons just like we do now. By the way, I have one of my grandfather's tablespoons and now he sent three-hundred silver dollars up to Philadelphia. And had him a had him some uh tableware, but it was so soft. I have one of the tablespoons and one of the teaspoons made out of that coin silver in there right now. But it was very soft. It would break, you know. And so we don't use 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I had this repaired. It was broken. He sunk these three-hundred silver dollars and had this coin silver set made out of it. Interviewer: How bout the uh sharp knives in the kitchen. What would you call 'em uh? 556: Butcher knives. Interviewer: They would be 556: Oh yeah, we had several butcher knives. They keep those sharp and on the wet rocks cut meat and stuff like that. Interviewer: In town, I understand the at least in some sections, you bought met meat, you wouldn't go to the butcher shop. You'd go to the uh what was a place you'd go 556: #1 Well, # Interviewer: #2 {X} county # 556: When I first remember, the farmer was coming around in buggies door-to-door, selling out of the buggy. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 556: They had they would uh kill a beef and get to town as quick as possible with it and go from door-to-door and cut it off right then, so it had the scales on the buggy. And they'd sell it out of the back of the buggy. That was before they had a meat market. And that was quite common and that and milk. And there used to be an old man here had a kind of a hat, and he had his milk in five-gallon cans. He'd come down this street, holler milk milk milk. You'd go out with your bucket. Sweet milk was twenty cents a gallon. Buttermilk was five cents a gallon, and butter was twenty cents a pound. That was a standard price of buttermilk. Five cents a gallon, and you'd go out with your bucket, and he'd measure out what you wanted, and you'd pay him, and he'd drive on to the next house. {NS} But most people in town in those days kept a cow in the backyard. Interviewer: I see, so they made their own. 556: Yeah, they all kept a cow and chickens. Of course you couldn't buy milk or butter in the stores. Interviewer: Oh. 556: That was unheard of. If you didn't have a cow or the cow went dry, this old man would come by. He worked the town every morning with his milk wagon. Interviewer: {NS} The uh {NS} natural uh spigot on a barrel uh when you first got water pumped into the house, what did you call this thing on uh the sink uh? Did you call that a spigot? 556: Yeah. Well, a faucet. Interviewer: Faucet. 556: Faucet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And in the yard, if you have something that you use the hose, uh what is that out there? 556: Faucet. Interviewer: That's a faucet, too. {NS} And uh kinds of uh things to use. For example, for dishes, to wash them, dry them, or the bathroom for yourself. Are there any terms that you'd use for that? 556: We didn't have a bathroom. {NS} Interviewer: Uh, I mean that or {NS} Uh, you had. Well, what did you use on your face to dry with? 556: Towel.{C: rustling} Interviewer: {D: Uh. Idaho's the same fussy} 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright uh. 556: Sears-Roebuck. Sent me a reward. We had a now the tub with children we had a big tin tub uh shaped kind of like a hat. And we'd set it out in the yard and let the sun warm the water, we never. Or we didn't sit in it. Sun would shine on it, it would burn you. Had a place to sit on it. We'd forget about that and sit down. That hot melt. You'd get up Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Set it out and in the uh you know the summer uh let the sun warm the water. Course taking a bath you had to get in the winter you had to get it out of this reservoir instead of around the stove. Oh boy. Interviewer: Uh, {NS} the thing you use in your face would be a wash 556: Yeah, a wash rag. Interviewer: And a rag on the dishes? 556: Dish rag. Interviewer: Dish rag. And uh 556: The towel you washed the dishes was called a cup towel. Interviewer: Oh, that's a cup towel. 556: That was a cup towel that you dried 'em with. You dried 'em with a cup towel, and you washed 'em with a wash rag. Interviewer: I see. The uh I didn't ask you this before. The uh place where you go to the toilet. Do you have any joking terms for that outside? 556: Well, you know uh when Chick Sale came along. Of course, uh yeah they said way back you know, had the half moons on it, and also lots of washing better watch that. It stunk. Kept the Sears-Roebuck catalog hanging out there and a bucket of cards over there bottom box. Interviewer: The uh did you call it an outhouse? 556: Outhouse. Interviewer: Outhouse. 556: Back house, outhouse. Interviewer: Any other joking terms, more or less, that you remember? 556: Remember anything. I can't remember anything else we called it generally called it an outhouse. Interviewer: And uh some questions about uh what a woman would wear in the kitchen. What would she wear to protect her dress? 556: Apron. Interviewer: And how high would that come? 556: That apron would cover. It went up most some of them were tied at the waist, some of 'em went up to their shoulders. Interviewer: The whole way? 556: Yeah, all the way with most of 'em, as I say, were at the waist, but they all wore aprons. It was back about apron the whole time then. Interviewer: And uh if a woman would take a piece of cloth to a merchant showing the kind of cloth she wanted, she'd call that a she'd go to town with a 556: Sample. Interviewer: Sample. And 556: I seen a many colored woman going in to buy a piece of cloth to cutting off a piece just a little piece, and she'd chew it. Said, "I'm trying too see if it would fade." I seen that done a many a time. They'd take that piece of little piece of cloth and chew it, you know. Trying to see if it fades. If it fades, she wouldn't buy it. Interviewer: Now, I see. 556: They'd chew that piece of cloth. I seen that done many a times. Interviewer: How bout uh buying some cloth and boiling it and then uh having what to they call that? If say a new shirt that they couldn't get the collar button after they boiled it. They say the cloth 556: Would shrink, you mean? Interviewer: Would shrink or they'd say shrink? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Wouldn't say draw up? 556: No, it's it's well either either term. Uh, I've heard them uh use that often. Draw up. Either draw up or shrink. Uh, but a lot of that cloth, that especially the cheap cloth would shrink. Draw up badly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And and the colors went fast. That's why they chewed it, to see if it would fade. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: You'd see a many piece of cloth after it'd got washed a couple of times. You wouldn't know what color it was to start with. Especially cheaper cloth. They bought a called it was calico. Five cents a yard. It couldn't have been very fine cloth then. And the colors were evidently stamped on it because they would fade badly. Interviewer: The thing that's uh the woman would carry to town uh with uh money a large thing or small thing just for the coins 556: Did you know there wasn't no such thing as purses as we know it today back in those days? Interviewer: I was wondering. 556: These big purses they carry now. They never heard of such a thing. Interviewer: She'd carry what instead? 556: Uh. My grandmother had a little thing little like a little suitcase a little about that long with a handle on it. Looked like a little bag, but as far as the bag like the ladies use now, they never saw or heard of such things. She had a little bag a little looked like a little suitcase. Interviewer: And how about uh jewelry around her wrist, uh? 556: Well, lot of 'em had bracelets. I remember bracelets and also breast pins. They wore breast pins, and Interviewer: You mentioned a brooch that uh 556: #1 Brooches. # Interviewer: #2 Your Aunt Jane and uh # 556: Yeah, Aunt Jane, my grandmother gave her her brooch eventually. Boy, she admired that brooch. She I never seen her without that brooch on. It was about bout that big. Beautiful thing. She loved Interviewer: The neck, around her neck 556: Well, they wore necklaces. Uh most mostly out of glass beads. Interviewer: I'm curious about a term, pair of beads. What does that mean to you, and 556: A pair of beads I Interviewer: Did you ever hear that? 556: No. I never heard that. Interviewer: And if a woman might do uh spend a lot of time in front of the mirror, you'd say well she's 556: Primping. Interviewer: She's primping. 556: Primping. Yeah, oh, she's primping. All the girls primped. Interviewer: And if a man uh was liked to look pretty nice, say he he liked to get all 556: Well, they called 'em dudes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: They were dudes. They'd like to get all gussied up. Interviewer: It's gussied. 556: They got gussied up, and then he was a dude. Interviewer: I see. 556: {NW} Interviewer: And the thing that a woman would wear to keep the sun off uh 556: Sun bonnets. Interviewer: And uh would carry. 556: Parasol. Interviewer: And would the thing she used to for rain be different from what she used? 556: Well, that was an umbrella, now. You carried a parasol to keep the sun off and an umbrella to keep the rain off. Interviewer: I see. 556: Parasol would carry more in autumn, but summer wasn't that big. They were they were long hell, they were strictly ornamental. Interviewer: Ornamental. 556: Yeah, you see 'em walking along with them cross their shoulder. Very small. Interviewer: You mentioned uh the suits that uh relatives from Virginia sent made out of wool. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: You sent them. Uh how did the men keep up uh their trousers? 556: How to keep 'em pressed? Interviewer: Or how did they hold them up? 556: Oh, with suspenders. And kept them pressed under the mattress. Interviewer: Oh, under the mattress? 556: Yeah, you take 'em off at night and put 'em under the mattress. Crease 'em. Put your creases in 'em. And lay 'em under the mattress. Interviewer: I see. 556: And {C: laughing} Seen my father many night put his pants under the mattress. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if what do they wear for for to work in? 556: Overalls. Interviewer: And that would come 556: #1 Yeah, with a bib. With a bib. # Interviewer: #2 Be the {X} # Did you ever hear the word uh jeans used? 556: #1 Oh yeah. Blue jeans. # Interviewer: #2 # 556: Jeans, yeah. That was a favorite cloth of the colored hands to wear jeans. Jeans. Interviewer: Now jeans did not come up to 556: No, they were just regular trousers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Wore those with suspenders. Interviewer: And if a man would have wear his coat to church with a lot of things in it, say his pockets would all 556: Bulge out. Interviewer: Bulge out. If any other terms come to your mind, uh like that I appreciate your. As a matter of fact, I if anything comes occurs to you uh perhaps put 'em on tape tomorrow. Uh the vest was a regular part. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: But uh. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh. 556: Yeah, when you dressed up, you always put on a vest. Is that was. They have hardly went somebody put the watch the watch with the chain across the vest. Mm. Interviewer: Uh, did you ever use the word uh vittles? 556: Oh yeah. Uh vittles. Oh. Vittles, sure. Interviewer: And that meant everything 556: Anything to eat was vittles. Interviewer: And you ate between meals uh you were said to have a 556: Snack. Interviewer: And if you had something that you couldn't eat uh too much of it, then you'd have it the next day. That would be 556: Leftovers. Interviewer: Leftovers. And uh would uh the things that you'd have, you mentioned the vinegar cruets and the pepper sauce. Uh what other things would you have on the table to season 556: Salt and pepper and the vinegar cruet was about all. Interviewer: About it? 556: That's all we had. Interviewer: Did you ever have uh anything for molasses? 556: Had a molasses pitcher with one of these snap tops {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Press it down, then you turn it loose, and slop. Interviewer: They wouldn't call that a stand. That was a pitcher. 556: A molasses pitcher. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if somebody {NS} if somebody's cooking something and you and it uh looks good and fresh, and you say it's you used to say it's sniff and you'd say it just what? 556: You mean when I smell it? Interviewer: Yes, uh just they say just smell it or smell that. 556: I guess so. I don't remember any particular word for that now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And {NS} you mentioned uh the making butter. What would you say when the butter was was old and you couldn't eat it? You'd say 556: Rancid, stale. Interviewer: Rancid. 556: Of course the butter after you churned it, you took it out of the churn, put the cold water on a big pan, and worked the water out of it. Then you put it in the mold. Butter mold. {NS} Held about a pound. I'll show you some of the molds. Then, you had little individual molds about that big for each plate. Interviewer: Alright, see. 556: A little pat at each plate. Course when cold water the butter became all that stiff, so you got to you put it in the mold. It was popped out of that mold. And then if you had the, you know, maybe six, eight people around the table, eat and gave each one a little a little individual butter mold. I'll show you to got a couple, each individual. Interviewer: Do you recall making hominy? 556: Oh yeah. Uh. Oh gosh, yeah. Interviewer: How uh comment on that? 556: Well, first, my grandmother had a vat that they put wood ashes in. That and a with a a receptacle that came out as lye, you know. And also made some lye soap out of that. But they would take this lye and a big pot of corn and put that lye in this pot of corn, and that would remove the husk from the grain, see? But after you got all the husks of it. Then you had to wash them because that lye was poison, see? And you had to wash that corn very thoroughly through several uh washings of of clear water before you cooked it. Then you cooked it, and it was delicious. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And that's the way they made hominy. Interviewer: I see. 556: And now I knew I grits now a lot of people referred to grits as hominy. Hominy grits. Well, we never heard of such a thing. Interviewer: I was gonna ask you 556: Grits was grits, and hominy was a whole grain. Interviewer: A whole. 556: The whole grain and with butter and salt and pepper, it was delicious. I did love the stuff. Interviewer: And uh how would were eggs cooked mostly? Uh 556: Well, they they have several ways of cooking 'em. They they'd scrambled 'em, boil 'em, soft boil 'em. And uh of course, fried eggs and Interviewer: Did you uh ever poach? 556: Poached eggs, oh yeah. That was very common, poached egg poach it in a bottle of water. They put and a big skillet like that the water would boil and you'd break the egg in the skillet and poach it. Interviewer: The uh inside of the egg would be known as uh 556: The yolk. Interviewer: They always said yolk. And the {NS} they never referred to the yolk as the yellow? 556: Oh, they yeah, the kids always got the yellow and the white. #1 The yellow and the white. The yellow and the white. # Interviewer: #2 The yellow and the white? # 556: The yellow and the white, yeah. Interviewer: You were mentioning uh uh corn dumplings that I don't believe the recording was on when were were talking about that uh would you 556: Corn meal dumplings? Interviewer: Yes. 556: Well, my grandmother would take a big big iron pot. And generally with a hog jowl. I don't know why with a hog jowl, but she generally used a hog jowl. And these uh corn dumplings, the secret was to keep the dumpling from disintegrating. Just to hold together. And it was cooked in this pot. After the water got to boiling with the hog jowl, and then you drop these dumplings in. And uh as I say it uh a good cook's dumpling's never separated. And it would be seasoned up good with salt and pepper and maybe a bit of onion. And I thought they were the best things in this world. They just they would hold together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: They were really good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you comment on other uh things that you made out of corn meal uh? {NS} 556: Well, our favorite was uh as we called 'em, batter cakes. Our favorite breakfast was uh stacks of batter cakes with {NS} with uh we called it Louisiana molasses. Ribbon cane molasses. {NS} And either fried ham or bacon out of the smokehouse with sausage. And of course coffee but I usually think those hotcakes cook would keep constantly coming with 'em. The kitchen was next to the dining room, and it {X} she'd come with a fresh batch. Plenty of butter. Hotcakes. I bet that cook could cook up a thousand hotcakes every morning. Keep her trotting with hotcakes all the time. Oh cakes. Interviewer: How bout a uh {NS} the difference between a hotcake and a ho cake? 556: Well a ho cake was made on top of the stove with nothing but salt and meal and water. My wife makes it all the time right here right now. That's made on top of a stove. The word ho cake they used to make it on the ho. On a on a metal ho. That's where we got the term, but a ho cake now if just a cake made with made with uh meal and water and salt and and a little grease. Bacon grease they. On the top of the stove on a flat skillet. And by the way, we had some done just the other day. Interviewer: That right? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: You said that you don't remember corn dodgers, right? 556: Well, they call corn meal corn dodgers. Yeah, I remember that term very well. Corn dodgers. Interviewer: Would would that be something fried or? 556: No, it was just a smaller ho cake. Instead of making one big cake, you'd make it in small pieces like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And a hush puppy or 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Would that be the 556: Yeah, we had hush puppies, too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The hush puppies uh it's like a dodger except that it's 556: Except it's seasoned different. A hush puppy's generally had onion, uh salt, pepper, and something like that. They were seasoned different. Mostly with onions in 'em. And they got the term well you could throw a piece of bread out to make the puppies hush barking. That's where the term came from. The cook would throw out several pieces of cornbread. They'd get the dogs would get to barking and howling, she threw out this Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That's where they got its name. The term hush puppy. Interviewer: Again, I we talked about this but not while the recording was on. The difference between mush and kush. 556: Well, kush I guess you'd call a spoon bread today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But it was a It wasn't as as thin as mush, and it wasn't as thick as cornbread. It was in between. I guess you'd call it spoon bread. Made in the deep skillet. And served with butter and thought and we thought that was good eating. That was kush. A lot of these old things were were a relic of the war when they had to improvise, and as I told you, my grandmother had to do all kind of things uh to get by. And by the way, my grandmother stayed on that plantation, not a white person on the place, surrounded by nigger slaves, not a lock on a door. Not one slave ever did anything in this world out of line. They stayed there and ran the place as best they could while my grandfather and all the other men were off at war. Not one slave in the entire South, I don't believe, ever got one inch out of line. Now that's something. And she lived out on that place out in the country by herself with four little children surrounded by these slaves. Now, had they had they been downtrodden and beaten they had the opportunity of their lifetime to get even, didn't they? Not one slave Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: ever got out of line. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And they worshiped the family and do anything in the world to took care of them. They why I grew up with all the old niggers out there. I loved 'em, man, I'm telling you I We just we don't have it today, but people don't realize uh how we loved those old niggers and how good they were to us and we were to them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I remember the old slave told me once that a slave trader. He was a they had two or three different types. There was a body servant, the house servant, the field servant, you see? And they were widely separated. This house servant wouldn't have anything to do with these field servants. They were so far above 'em. So this was a house servant. Old Uncle Ab uh Uncle Nelson Buck He wore a silk hat and a as he said on a white shirt and a long-tailed coat and he drove the carriage. He was a house servant. And one day a slave trader came along and tried to buy him, offered his master several thousand dollars. And he says, "You have insulted me and my family live my house leave my house at once. Get out of my house!" Says oh, "You've insulted me." Said, "We don't sell our people. Now, leave here. Get out of here." Insulted him by trying to buy one of his people. Said, "We don't sell our people. What are you talking about?" And ordered him out of the house. {NS} "Get out of my house," he said. Interviewer: Mm. 556: And so they. But as I say, there was a wide social difference between the house servants and the field servants. And in fact, they rarely spoke to 'em. There's nothing they could do with 'em. They were so far above 'em. They stayed in the house. They stayed dressed up, you know, and and uh I my grandfather went to the war. He carried his old body servant with him. Named {D: Comps} And he brought him home when he got wounded and he And by the way, I meant to tell you, out here in the backyard, he built him a house right out here. {D: Comps} lived out and he died out in the backyard. He never left it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Although he was he wasn't a slave as he was free then. But he stayed with him till he died. In fact, all of 'em did. He didn't let 'em let 'em leave. He told 'em free go ahead if you want to. Oh. {X} #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 You mentioned uh how they used to tell how old they were {NS} for growing up. # 556: Everything was dated from the surrender. You'd ask one old negro, "How old are you?" "Well, I was born two years before the surrender." And another one, "I was born five years after the surrender." Uh during the surrender, at the time of the surrender, everything dated from the surrender. Everything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And of course they you asked what the surrender was they didn't know. And but that's the way they dated it. Interviewer: {X} time. Um I have some more questions here about uh foods. Did you uh did you use wheat very much or flour? I think you said uh you mentioned butter uh 556: Yeah, well before the war, flour milled was quite common through this country. And uh all the planters raised lots of lots of uh the wheat. And had they own their own uh flour ground at these wheat at these mills. But that went out of that seemed to have gone out about soon after the war. And oh my grandfather used to tell me about how about how he carried his wheat down and they see it like they sifted through silk. Some kind of a silk cloth. But anyhow, he said it was very fine flour. Cause it was soft wheat, and he said every you never bought any flour at the store. We had our own flour, but that went out and by the way, there's still wheat a lot of wheat a lot of wheat raisers in this county now. They gone back to it. But at that time, there were no wheat mills. And only and we had to buy our flour and bought it by the barrel. By the barrel. Didn't think much of a person who bought less than a barrel of flour. Then, they got out this half barrel and then sacks. Well, lord, I We always bought a barrel. Bought a barrel of flour. Interviewer: Did you uh comment on that letter that you 556: Well, I have this letter written to this old water mill, and by the way, it was in existence up until a year or so ago. This uh there's still some ropes this mill and told him he had plenty of wheat but no flour and said you said you're so busy grinding flour for the confederate army, you can't take care of your regular customers. Said I've got plenty of wheat and not a ounce of flour in the house. and I said, "I wish you'd take care of some of your regular customers. Stop a day or two a day or two and grind some wheat for your regular customers. Forget about the confederate army." And he was just uh you know I berating the man for not waiting on his regular customers, and the fellow I know what he was on. They put him on a hundred percent war. Grinding mill, grinding wheat for the for the army. Interviewer: Did you uh did your mother bake uh uh wheat bread uh 556: Yeah. Interviewer: what did you call that? 556: We just called it homemade bread. Interviewer: Homemade? 556: Yeah, she yeah, we uh she'd bake up these loaves of bread. Very good. Interviewer: With the light bread? 556: Light bread. Only ours was homemade bread to lighten in. Now you could buy lightened bread. When you come to town, you go to the store and buy light bread, but we we looked down on that stuff. Wouldn't buy that kind of stuff. We'd make it at home, so Interviewer: #1 So the light bread was something you buy in the store? The same this as home homemade? # 556: #2 Yeah. # Homemade bread uh, which we thought was way better than this cheap light bread you bought for a nickel a loaf in the store. Interviewer: By the way uh uh, how would you make that distinction uh in clothes or anything else? Uh, it's something 556: Back? speaker#3: {X} 556: Uh. Interviewer: If something came from a uh store, felt it was cheaper, you'd say, "Well, that's just 556: Well, the niggers referred to it as store bought stuff. Anything store bought. Interviewer: And they the that implied that it was cheaper uh 556: Yeah and inferior quality Interviewer: #1 I see. # 556: #2 Something like that. # You'd take this bread we made at home. It's gonna sit much better than this uh they called it store bought bread. Interviewer: And uh did you did you make any uh any desserts or things say in a deep dish? 556: Oh yeah. Yeah, sure. Interviewer: #1 Oh yes. Uh-huh. # 556: #2 Had apple cobbler and peach cobbler and there's sticky I was telling you made out of # biscuit dough and molasses cooked in a big iron skillet, and course we had plenty of peaches in the orchard and we had uh fresh peaches and cream quite often. And app- I apples we had apples we had it made oh apple pie was We had lots of apple pie. Apple pie and peach pies. Interviewer: If you uh had a pudding, did you put anything over the pudding to make it more interesting or? 556: You know we didn't have much pudding. I we just didn't I don't remember thinking about I don't think we had much pudding. I don't remember anything about much pudding. Interviewer: #1 How bout uh fish and seafood? # 556: #2 Mm. # Well, we had course living near the river and the lakes, we had lots of fish, quail, squirrels, {NS} lots of quail. Quail were very common, step outside the door. As we call, kill a mess of quail right quick. Wild turkeys. My father was He was quite a he was a wild turkey hunter, and he'd kill lots of wild turkeys. And fish. We had plenty of fish. Fish anywhere. We were big fishermen. Interviewer: When do you remember uh having imported things? See, for example 556: Never heard of such things. Interviewer: Oh. 556: We used to get oysters every now and then, and she'd ship 'em. They would ship uh a keg of oysters in the shell up from Mobile up there on the railroad, which was built in eighteen what? Fifty-four. They're we would get At end, we would get a keg of oysters in the shell packed in ice from Mobile. But that was the only seafood. It was oysters. Interviewer: The uh is shrimp {X}? 556: Never heard of shrimp. Never heard of shrimp. Interviewer: It didn't get popular? 556: No, never heard of shrimp, but we did get oysters at intervals. Rarely was maybe Christmas or Thanksgiving or something, we'd get a keg of oysters. Interviewer: You uh mentioned some things about uh some different meats that you'd get off the the hogs. Uh. Did the is the fatty meat the ones 556: That was you was had making the lard. Interviewer: Oh, I 556: All the fat was used in rendering the lard. They made lard and packed it in twenty-five pound cans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Oh, that was used all the fat was used in the rendering the lard, and sure a lard. Interviewer: And and what would you make uh uh what would you call what you made what we call bacon today uh, what did you call? 556: Sides. The side meat. That was sides, they called it. Interviewer: Now, they had a lot of you salted it, right? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: And you had a lot of fat in it? 556: {D: streakaline} Interviewer: I see. 556: Called it streakaline. The more streaks it had, the better it was. Interviewer: And {NS} the uh stuff that you'd have to trim off before you could eat the streakaline, cut it off and you call that the rind or the skin? 556: Rind. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: She took the rind and opened. We left the rind on, and sometimes we cut the rind. Most times we'd leave it on. Interviewer: I see. 556: We boiled by cutting the rind off of it. Interviewer: You mentioned uh sauce and uh I don't think I asked you did did you did the white people and the colored people, either one, have names for all the organs? They'd use all the organs. 556: Yeah, there was liver and the lights. Interviewer: Mm. 556: The liver and lights. I remember that very well. Which was it? The liver and the lungs. And the niggers were they liked the liver and the lights. They made hash out of it, they called it. Interviewer: I was gonna ask you that uh it's uh a they call it a hash. 556: Hash. Interviewer: Uh. 556: They'd chop up this liver and lights altogether and cook it in a big pot, you know. Called it hash. Interviewer: {NS} And the uh intestines we'd call 556: They's clean and stuff sausage except the sausages and that was Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you uh eat chitterlings? 556: Oh yeah. Had chitterlings. I never did like chitterlings, but boy, the colored folks really went for the chitterlings. Interviewer: And I think I asked you about the sausage and pudding uh or cheese liver cheese liver pudding? Uh, blood pudding. 556: No, didn't have any of that. Interviewer: And if meat uh kept too long, then you'd say it's 556: It was either rancid or stale. {NS} But you know that meat, I've seen it three years old. That's just #1 Uh, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Three years? # Uh-huh. 556: I remember one of the old niggers out there. And he was eating and I said, "What are you having for dinner today, Percy?" I see him eating some of that yeah full ass ham and bacon. Yeah, full ass, he said. Other words, it was two years old. That's still good. It's good as ever. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Somebody you got a full ass ham. You know hanging out in the smoke house, it it's so much of it, you just couldn't get to it you know, you're supposed to Interviewer: And we'd keep it in the smoke house? 556: Yeah, hang it up there and it would keep forever, you know. After it was smoked. And uh. Interviewer: How bout when you ate chicken? Do you remember a bone like this? 556: Pulley bone. Interviewer: And do you have any names uh for the big part that you'd pull off? #1 The small part? # 556: #2 Pull, the pulley bone. # Interviewer: Yeah, it's suppose you broke the pulley bone. Did you have a name for the big 556: Yeah, there was a short pulley bone and a long pulley bone. You always when you ate the pulley bone, you turns and pull. And whoever got the short piece is supposed to have bad luck. And whoever got the long piece had good luck. You always pulled the pulley bone. Interviewer: You ever call that long piece the boy bone? The pull bone? 556: No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I remember the pulley bone very well. I was over at uh Warm Springs, Georgia. We're in the kitchen of Little White House Interviewer: Oh yes. 556: And the old cook was still at it, used to cook for President Roosevelt and on the wall there's a turkey pulley bone, and she had written under there, this is the first turkey I ever cooked for this is the pulley bone out of the first turkey I ever cooked for the Roosevelts. And that pulley bone stuck on the wall with a thumbtack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: The first turkey I ever cooked for the Roosevelts. Interviewer: Well sir, I I uh certainly appreciate uh the time you give me today and would tomorrow be acceptable time? 556: Alright. Interviewer: About the same about the same time uh nine or ten. I'm staying there and sometimes I have to wait a long time for breakfast. You can't really predict uh what 556: Where where are you staying? In Columbus? Interviewer: Yes. 556: Why don't you stay here? We've got a good motel here. Interviewer: Well, I uh I didn't know about it or I I would have stay checked in here. 556: Good food up there. Interviewer: And uh would have been much more 556: Well, anytime you come along would be alright. Say, nine thirty? Interviewer: #1 Well, that would be a satisfactory time for me. # 556: #2 That's fine. # Interviewer: The distinction then between the the uh Is that a distinction between what the negroes and the whites say? 556: Well the niggers called it hash, and the white people called it haslits, as I remember. Haslits. Interviewer: Alright. 556: This is was a mixture of the liver and the the lights. Interviewer: I see. 556: Boiled together in a pot with onions and salt and pepper, and that was called haslits. Interviewer: Did they use the heart to 556: #1 Oh yeah. Whole thing. # Interviewer: #2 And # {X} 556: They used the heart in uh in this sauce, you know. You just cut up everything in there for the sauce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And it gelled kind of you know when you sliced it. And fried it in batter. Interviewer: I see. 556: Yeah, it was very good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: #1 Course I I understand that stores sell that same thing, but they'd call it hog head cheese, I believe they called it. Yeah, it was # Interviewer: #2 Hog head cheese? # It was always sauce. 556: Nothing but sauce. 556: Ready? Interviewer: Alright, sir. 556: First man. Second man. Third man. Fourth man. Fifth man. Sixth man. Seventh man. Eighth man. Ninth man. Tenth man. Did you? Interviewer: Sure {X} That'll do it. If I can remember exactly where the setting was. I'd like to ask you a couple questions. First, uh uh I passed patches of very light ground uh almost a white now and I also passed this limestone that uh or lime plant that is that the same thing? Is that a line kind of? 556: Well, the proper name for that stuff is chalk. It's the same material as it is in the White Cliffs of Dover over in England. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 556: It's chalk. It's not uh what we'd call limestone. It's the chalk formation. Interviewer: So if if people talk about white dirt, uh 556: Well, that it's in meant a place you see we're sitting on three-hundred feet of that chalk formation. This was the bottom of the ocean at one time. It's been in and out of water three times in its geological history. The upper cretaceous geological period is what we're in what we in. And there's three-hundred feet of that stuff, we're sitting on it right now. And it was formed at the rate of one inch every hundred years. So you can figure out how long we was underwater here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: You can find all kind of sea animals and sea materials. Oyster shells, shrimp all ossified of course. I have a collection down at the museum I'll show you. Picked up right here. And, as I say, the- they go from Mexico {D:for far north} to St. Louis. As far north as St. Louis. And this country's been in and out of water three times, in it's geological history. Interviewer: What does that do to the farming? Uh is that 556: #1 Well, it course it's a lot of the land # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: needs lime and a lot of it don't. A lot of it's got it already. That's why you see all these lime plants here. They dig this stuff and process it and it's and they sell it to farmers who don't have lime in their soil, you see, you've got to have lime in your soil to sweeten it. Interviewer: Now which is the post oak? Is that the post oak, line is? 556: That's just kind of a clay land. Uh, of course, that's mostly west of the river, and all over this side mostly is black land. Interviewer: I see. So this this chalk really is a monster kind of outcropping. 556: Yeah, it's sometime it's close to the surface. Sometimes it's a good ways down. But a lot of time, it's right on the surface. You'll see just a skim of dirt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And can you grow anything in it? Uh 556: Oh yeah. Well, if it's enough soil there. If they've got enough soil it's it's good for grass. You notice on the way from here to Brookswood you notice all these grasslands on your right coming down. Interviewer: Yes. 556: That's good pasture land. It makes good pasture land. Of course, they fertilize. So. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: They fertilize it by uh plains. Liquid fertilizer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Course if you've got enough salt on it, course. Oh it's under all this soil for that matter, but some of it is a good ways down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Out here at these uh mine plants they do it's just strip mining all it is. They pushed the surface dirt off and then they got three-hundred feet of that inexhaustible supply. Interviewer: And then uh how the soil is on top of it now or it's in the black belt. That would be the gumbo? 556: That's the gumbo and it's and it's it's very deep soil, see the the line the uh chalk is a good ways down and some of it and this out here especially it's it's very deep. Interviewer: I see. #1 Oh, second question I uh I've seen some people around town here in Macon and in Brooksville and then Columbus who appear to be Mennonites or Irish people. Is there a settlement? # 556: #2 Right. # Oh yeah, they're pouring in here. Oh yeah, they got a lot of Mennonites coming in. Interviewer: So where uh that's interesting and surprising uh fact to me. Where where do they come from? 556: Uh, they come from the north where Wisconsin, Indiana. Some of 'em as far away as uh Oh, the northern tier of states. They all flocking down here, and they're all good farmers. They by this land, they're very close-knit people. They won't They don't uh mingle much. They don't vote. They don't take any part in civic affairs, and And uh Interviewer: And why uh why? I'm familiar with the Amish settlements uh in Pennsylvania and 556: #1 And yeah, well these are Amish. They off-shooted 'em. # Interviewer: #2 And uh # Why would they come here? I 556: To buy this cheap land. They first in South and they think is cheap now, compared to what they sold there as far up there. Course land up there got very high, and they first started coming down and buying this land when it was so much cheaper. They'd sell out up there for you know a big price, and come down and buy this cheap cheaper land they thought because it's getting pretty high now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: There's a place sold out here long ago. Six-hundred-and-forty dollars an acre. Interviewer: Six-hundred-and-forty. 556: And I remember when you could buy the best land in {D: Knoxford} county for not over fifty. Interviewer: {X} 556: Twenty-five to fifty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: #1 But they # Interviewer: #2 You say even this rich black belt uh # 556: Yeah, you could buy it fifty dollars an acre. That was considered a good price for it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And uh these Amish they an offshoot of the Amish. In fa- we have three different groups of 'em right here. Of a different and they all uh Mennonites, but they're three different groups, but they that's two {X} here. One group has a school out here on old forty-five, and another has one. And they have their own churches. Uh. I guess they're good citizens, but they won't they're very clannish. They won't take any part in civic affairs Or as I said, they don't won't vote. And uh only marry one another. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now Indiana, they won't drive automobiles. They drive horse and buggies. 556: Well that's the old orthodox Amish. Interviewer: Oh. 556: These are Interviewer: These will {X} 556: #1 Yeah yeah they're. Oh gosh, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 They used machinery # 556: They're very progressive. But up they use all kinds of machinery. Tractors and {NS} automobiles and they they are they're not the Orthodox Amish. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Although they're related to 'em cause I've seen some of those Orthodox Amish coming down in visit 'em. Interviewer: I see. Are they they women have these little 556: Oh, they all wear have wear that cap, and the men all wear beards. Interviewer: Beards and plain clothes? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Well, that's uh some sociology and geology, which 556: And another thing, they're hardworking people. They sure do work out here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And they're good people. You if you get in trouble for instance if this house were to be burned, there would be a group of 'em here in the morning to help you put it back to the rights. They uh the motel up here had a fire here some months ago, and next morning there was a group of 'em up with their tools saying we want to help you and and when they had they Camille and on the Gulf coast, a group of them went down there and worked they whether you pay 'em or not they they just want to help, they say. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So they're uh in while they don't vote or participate in civic affairs, they are they are uh they're willing to give 556: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Their talent to # 556: And they're very religious people. Very religious. Uh. They are {X} preachers. In fact, one of the best mechanics in town works at the Chevrolet place down here, and when he went to work, he says, "I'll have to have Saturdays off. I can't work on Saturday, have to prepare my sermons on Saturday." So he don't work on Saturday. He spends Saturday preparing his sermon for the church the next day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And {NW} very unrelated question here, but we talked about uh cars yesterday. When the first Fords came out, what were they known as? Uh 556: Tin lizzies. It so happened my uncle got the first agency first Ford agency in this part of the state now. I I worked for him. And at the time we had well of course nobody knew how to drive 'em of course and we had that's the first thing we had to do was teach somebody to drive. That was my job. They had no front doors. The first one had no front doors at all. And they had carbide lights on 'em and we'd have to take some old fellow been used to driving a pair of horses and try to teach him to drive, and the funny thing we'd sell some old fellow a car, and I knew he would be hard to teach uh young fellows are easy to teach, so I'd try to tell him, "Let me teach your son. One of your boys." "Oh no, teach me how to drive this thing." Well, I'd fool with the old fellow a month or so, and he'd finally give up in disgust. Interviewer: {NW} 556: And the young twelve or fifteen year old boy in the backseat would jump over and drive right on. How'd you learn to do that, boy? Probably been watching you for a month, and you easy. Fords were very simple to drive. Interviewer: Oh. Did they call 'em uh T-Models or Model? 556: Well, they were Model T's of course and you got a tin lizzy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: He called 'em tin lizzies. Interviewer: I've heard uh that many people refer to them as T-Models. 556: They were Model-T. That was a Model-T. Interviewer: Yeah, cause I wonder why they they say T-Model rather than Model-T. Did did they say that in this area, or 556: Both ways. Interviewer: Both ways? 556: Yeah, the colored folks all called 'em T's. Interviewer: Oh. 556: A T-Models and course the next one was a Model A. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But my uncle had this forty-inch there for years, and when we first started to sell 'em, they the uh philosophy was if you wasn't able to pay for a car, you had no business with one, see? And so That kind of limited to the sales but finally got such a big pressure for deferred payments that um he said, "Alright, we'll do this. You pay a half of this car down as spot cash exactly half then we'll make equal notes for the balance, and the first note you miss, now you bring in the car." And we never had to repossess a car. Interviewer: That alright. 556: So that went on for a good many years, and finally this trade-in business started. But he refused the trade-ins. Said, "No, I'm not gonna take that old junk car. Or do anything with it." And that caused a source of trouble but he didn't ha- between him and the Ford motor company. They want him to trade, and he wouldn't trade, so he made his {X} So he said, "Well, you just take these I'm not trading for these. These old bricks and he never did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That's where most automobile dealers lose his shirts, you know, in these trade-ins and Interviewer: Uh. 556: He never would trade. Interviewer: {X} 556: And they got down to where one they sold for three-hundred and sixty-four dollars apiece here in Macon. Less than the air conditioning on a Ford costs now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And those were the uh the T or the A? 556: The Model Ts. Interviewer: The T. 556: See, when when they discontinued the Model T {NS} there were eighteen months till the Ford motor company was out of production. They had no cars at all. And that's when Chevrolet caught on. In the meantime, I went to work for the Chevrolet dealer when they when Mark was sold out. And Chevrolets were one popular car then. And the my old uh Ford ninety wasn't much a car. They came out with a model called Superior K. And we had plenty of 'em, and they couldn't get a Ford. And uh they'd go uh, "Well, I don't want this car, but I can't get a Ford. I'll take it." And they found it was a good car. Interviewer: Mm. 556: And Ford is the very man who gave Chevrolet the leg-up. {NS} If Ford had never been out of production, Chevrolet never would have gone as far as they did. Interviewer: Why did he go out of production? 556: Had to change models. Interviewer: In eighteen months? 556: In eighteen months to change over and it had all new machinery, everything had to be built from the ground up, see? And it's quite a deal rate take the day when you change models. It's quite a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But just think, been making Model Ts after twenty years and had to scrap every bit of the machinery had see and start all over on a new model. On this Model A. Interviewer: Say, and Chevrolet just happened to be there. 556: Chevrolet was right there. We had a showroom full of cars and get plenty cars and {NS} that's exactly what gives Chevrolet they gave Chevrolet that popularity. The fact that they couldn't get a Ford. I don't know because I was right there a man come in and say, "Well, I don't want one of these things, but I I got to have a car. I can't get a Ford, so I'll try it. I don't want to, but I'll try it." And it turned out it was a good car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: So that's the way Chevrolet got started. Interviewer: Well, it's very interesting. I'd like to ask you a series of questions on uh on how people express themselves. Uh, the up to this time we uh have been asking questions you know, what are your name, what do you call this, and what do you call that. Uh this {NS} 556: Now, uh my wife's sick. Sick as in the bed {NS} Interviewer: Very uh sorry to hear it uh 556: Bring it I'm bringing her some medicine. {NS} Interviewer: Uh what I'm interested in trying uh to do with you uh is this you you have a really excellent ear for language, and you your imitations are uh are uh are really very good, and I was wondering is is since you've had this experience uh with so much experience working with people, if you would try uh to give uh try to recapture just the way that people used to speak uh if you if say a farmer came into buy a car or he came into the post office with a complaint or uh however you used to deal with people you but not on a formal basis and not always with educated people, and if you could uh try to recapture that kind of expression uh that's what it's extremely difficult to try to uh to find those things, and I'd like to try it with you uh. For example, if you were pointing out something uh that's sort of surprising, uh uh nearby you'd say, "Well, I just just" what? I just look. And you'd say well just look here or. 556: Well, uh course I was automobile salesman a long time before I went in the post office. And I think I just about communicated every type of person in the county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Blacks, Indians. Uneducated white people, educated whites. Practically all types. Interviewer: And and what what I'm interested in is how you would adjust or your speech you know to talk to some, say uneducated white uh, or excuse me uneducated white uh who who came in and you had to convince him uh of something Uh if if you pointed out something to him, for example, uh how would you say uh well now just just look Look here, or? 556: Well, I had an old farmer come in once and the uneducated old fellow told me that the hind end of his car was torn up. He meant the rear end, of course. The differential. Told me the hind end was torn up. And wanted to know what it'd cost to fix it. I said, "Well uh depending on what's broken back there, we just repla-." "Well, I want you to tell me first just what this is gonna cost." I said, "We can't tell you until we take it down and see what we need. You may need a rain gear, a {D: pinon}. We don't know what you need." "Well, I don't like to do things unless I know what it's going to cost me," he said. In fact, I don't know what it's going to cost me, I don't want to go into it. I said, "Well, we can't tell you now until I don't know, it may be." "Well, what you think it would be?" I said, "Well, it could be fifteen, twenty, twenty-five, or maybe fifty dollars." "My god almighty," he said. "Fifty dollars?" I I I said, "Well, I'm just guessing. I don't know. I can't tell you." "Well, I hate to go on anything like that unless I unless I know what it's going to cost me." Well, let us take it down and see, and if you don't want to pay it, you don't have to do it. "Well, it won't run without it, will it?" I said, "No, it won't run unless we fix it." "Well, I don't know what to do. I I I ain't got no much money, but I I don't know." And he stuttered and stammered around here awhile Finally he said "Alright, tear it down. Lets see what it's going to cost." So we tore it down, and it didn't cost him terribly much. I think around twenty dollars to fix it. Ford parts were very cheap, you know, in those days, and the mechanics were only a dollar an hour. So he said, "Alright, go on and fix it. Damn it." And we're we were able to see, so we fixed his car, and he went away happy. That hind end though he'd call it. Interviewer: And of the horse uh Hind end of a car 556: {NW} Hind end, he called it. Interviewer: If uh he said damn it uh what would a woman likely say in a in the same kind of 556: Well, now back in those days, that was a long time ago. Women didn't use those expressions. They do now, but they didn't then. It was considered Interviewer: What what would she say instead uh 556: Well, she might say my lands or oh lord or something like that, now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Goodness gracious uh Similar expressions, but they didn't They didn't use. They thought it was very scary to use language like that. Of course, now they don't make a difference. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: But back in those days, they didn't. I remember the first woman they saw on the street smoking a cigarette. Why, they just thought it was horrible. A woman smoking a cigarette right out in public. Everybody could see her. They just thought that was terrible. Interviewer: She was pretty uh 556: Oh she was far but Interviewer: Pretty loose 556: Yeah a loose woman. Smoking a cigarette in public. Interviewer: I think uh you told me about uh common. Would she be known then as as uh common woman uh if she smoked in public? 556: Well, they could would consider her very much lower in the social scale. I don't know about being common, but Interviewer: What would they mean if they said common? Would that be a good thing then, or? 556: No, that would be kind of a common common people they were considered as I told you yesterday, the current expression was poor white trash. Interviewer: Uh. {NS} Uh there wasn't anything about the morality or 556: Oh no. Nothing derogatory at all in that way. No, they didn't mean that at all. They just uh Interviewer: Common folks. 556: Common folks. Take these Mennonites, now. They they don't believe in education. They uh eighth grade is that's all you should know. That's plenty. So they cut 'em off at the eighth grade. They don't believe in higher education, although I don't no I don't know of any that are that are have gone to college. But they don't they don't believe in going above the eighth grade I believe here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And they would be thought of as uh pretty common, then uh in that sense? 556: Well, not necessarily, but still they people don't understand that why they don't want more education, and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But they have their own rules and rights and regulations. Course, that's the way they want it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I'd like to some other questions on just uh how people would express themselves in conversation. What was an old farmer couldn't hear what you said? How would he? 556: He'd say, "Heh?" Interviewer: I see. 556: Put his hands and says, "heh?" Interviewer: All 556: "Heh?" Interviewer: He said, "I I'm you have to speak up cause I'm kind of 556: I'm deaf. Interviewer: Uh. 556: He called it deaf. And you know that was an Old English word, Old English expression that was perfectly proper at one time to say, "deaf." People up in the mountains in Tennessee still use it. Interviewer: Mm. 556: They say, "deaf." They say {X} Shoes and socks. Shoes and stocking. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Old English. Interviewer: By the way, how about uh different ways to say eat. Uh how about to when they wanna say, "Yesterday, I. Today I eat, but yesterday I 556: Yesterday, not yesterday. Yesterday. Yesterday, I ate dinner at one o'clock. Interviewer: I see. 556: And uh they had a sign here in a nigger cafe, said, "If you ain't got no money, you don't eat." {NW} If you ain't got no money, you don't eat. {NW} Interviewer: Well, that's uh those are the very expressions that we're interested in collecting. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh, how about uh somebody'd uh who died in an in an accident, and you'd say, "Well, don't don't uh don't bother calling a doctor. He he already 556: Well, the current expression is, "He's passed." Interviewer: Uh. 556: They never say, "passed away." They say, "He's passed." In other words, "He's dead." My uh daughter's a sociologist down in New Orleans, and And she had uh a letter from a a very literate uh they had a colored colored minister who died. And she wrote to wrote to him, and she got a letter from his wife who was a college graduate, and says the reverend has passed some time ago. Interviewer: Mm. 556: And now that was a literate nigger who wrote that letter. Said the reverend has passed. Instead of passed away or died, she said in fact, she showed it to me and said, "Look at that." But she still can't get away from {X} I had a colored there was a colored a colored preacher here. Did I tell you about it yesterday? Named Moody. Interviewer: #1 No. # 556: #2 Was a graduate of Cornell. # Interviewer: No. 556: He's a member of the he was a colored pastor in the Baptist and he was a well-thought of. He was a prominent and was a good man. As black as tar, but he was a very good man, and he was highly educated. He was a graduate of Cornell University. And it we used to talk. He told me one day, he says, "You know, I'm supposed to be an educated negro. I'm a graduate of Cornell. But they have never taught me not to believe in ghosts and haints and spirits." Says, "Right the day I wouldn't pass a graveyard at twelve o'clock at night by myself for nothing." Now he said, "Now, I'm educated," but said, "just but I's just uh I just got it in me. I can't help it. Sometimes I just hand it down." Says, "I'm still afraid of ghosts." Said, "I know there's no such thing, but that don't make a difference." Interviewer: Feels it 556: I'm afraid uh I had a letter from the University of Maryland not long ago. Professor was writing a book on colored people, and he says, "The white planters instill the fear of ghosts and spirits into their slaves to keep them from running away." He says, "Will you elaborate on this for me?" I wrote him back, I said, "I won't elaborate because there's no such thing no matter what the truth in it." I says, "These niggers brought those superstitions over here from Africa as slaves." And I say, "They still believe in it right today." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: For instance, fellow was telling me about they had an open grave out here and he walked in and fell into it one night. Well, this is a true story now he told it. Fell into it and tried to get out and couldn't. And so he just said, "Well, I'll just have to spend the night." {D: He backed up yet early 'em just leaned back and he did a nigger felt the other end of it.} And this fellow saw him trying to get out, he said, "You'll never get out of here." Said, "But he did." Says he did get out. {NW} He said it scared him to death, but he got out. Interviewer: Uh. 556: And he couldn't get out, and says when he saw when he said it dark as pitch, you know. Interviewer: Oh. 556: Said, "You'll never get out of here." Interviewer: #1 That uh that reminds me # 556: #2 But uh the # Interviewer: Did you do you have you heard any ghost stories uh uh people who have seen ghosts? Uh and who have associated smells and things with uh with the ghosts. Have you ever heard, for example that if you see a hand or there's a uh there's a smell of a ghost around uh 556: No, I hadn't heard that. I know we had an old cook once. I saw her take the lid off the stove and put some salt in it right quick. But I said, "What'd you do that for?" Said, "Do you hear that jaybird out there?" I said, "Yeah, I heard him. What about it?" Said, "Every time you hear a jaybird out the kitchen window, you'd better put some salt in that stove or something going to happen to you." Said, "You know, they all take sand to the devil on Friday." I said, "No I didn't know that." Said, "You'll never see a jaybird on Fridays cause they ta- take sand to the devil on Friday." But she said, "If you heard a jaybird holler outside, you better put salt in the stove." Says uh it's bad luck not to. And I didn't know what she was doing. I saw her loosen the lid off and put salt in there. Interviewer: Uh. You mentioned uh if you don't have any money, you don't eat. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Now, how about uh somebody who uh has as I started to say, might've been injured and died at the scene. Uh somebody who comes along and say well don't call a undertaker because he uh already done 556: He done passed. Interviewer: Done passed or done 556: Uh deceased. Some of 'em said ceaseded. Interviewer: Ceaseded. 556: That's another word they used is ceaseded. Interviewer: Were they were they use this word done? Uh, in other words, at this point manage to how would uh I done worked all day? 556: Oh yeah. Yeah done. That's quite a day. I've used that. Interviewer: And and I wonder how they use it. Uh, what does it mean? 556: #1 Well, alright # Interviewer: #2 Instead of saying # I worked all day. I done worked. 556: You'd ask somebody uh you'd ask to see well you want something to eat? Uh you want some dinner? He'd say, "No, I done eat." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I done eat. Uh. One of our senators was going through Mississippi once with a Northern Congressman. And they passed this little town, and he was talking about the illiterate niggers and he said all niggers speak two languages. Said I'll prove it to you the next station. And they they stopped this old nigger's leaning against the station, he stuck his head out the window and says, "Hey, old man." Said, "Wahee." This old nigger says, "Wahoo." Say, "See there? Choctaw." {NW} Said, "Wahee." They use the word war. Wahee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Or wahoo. You see there? {X} It's Choctaw. {NW} Interviewer: Uh what uh what was being said there was what was being exchanged was uh who is he? 556: When he said, "Wahee," he meant, "Where is he?" Interviewer: I see. 556: War wahee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: And wahoo. {NW} Wahee. Interviewer: And if one If somebody were to say uh well people think that uh so-and-so uh if there's a crime committed, people think that so-and-so what uh he 556: They'd say, "I suppose so-and-so done it." Interviewer: Done it? 556: I suppose. They use the word suppose a lot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: #1 Instead of suppose it's suppose. I suppose he done it. # Interviewer: #2 And somebody might shake his head and say uh # What uh what make what make him or makes him do it? Or how would they say that uh 556: Different ways of expressing it uh Why he done it uh. What for he done it. Things like that. What for he done it or why he done it. I I've often wondered what some of these illiter- the very illiter- the average illiterate nigger only has about a vocabulary of two-hundred-and-fifty words. And they get by with it. And I've often wondered what an educated Englishman could do when he got out in the country and tried to talk to one of 'em. He couldn't understand a word he's saying. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. 556: Like these French down in Louisiana. I wonder what a Parisian would do if he get down there. And you those those colored people don't speak English. I know down there one day somebody asked this old nigger, met him down in the wood country and asked him a direction. He said, "No speak the English." That's all he knew. He spoke French, but oh boy. What French. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I've just often wondered if a educated Parisian was deciding to drop down in that country and tried to talk to one of 'em. Interviewer: Would he be lost? 556: That's terrible French they used, but Interviewer: Uh how about uh different ways of saying yes and no and adding sir and ma'am and 556: Yes sir. No sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh. And uh how about the uneducated white uh how would he indicate uh as a matter of fact this whole business of using sir. Um, either by whites or blacks. But especially in whites where uh is that a mark of uh 556: It's just a mark of respect. That's all. You see, I was in the Navy and we never addressed my officer, you know. If you were in the Army, you always said sir. It's just a mark of respect, that's all. It's uh not a subservient attitude at all. It's just a mark of respect when you Interviewer: Do you withhold it from somebody uh that you don't respect? 556: {NW} That's a rather hard question I Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I suppose it is done. Yes sir. But it's it's merely a mark of respect. Not necessarily, uh as I said, subservient attitude. It's just a It's just a polite way of talking to a man. You if you Like General Lee once was going down the street in Richmond and after the war, and this old nigger tipped his hat to him. General Lee tipped his hat back to him. He said, "I can't let an illiterate old nigger be more polite than I am." It's just a it's just it not only a mark of respect, but of politeness. If you want to be polite and nice, you you say sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And it's but now the illiterate would say no sir, yes sir. Interviewer: I see. 556: No sir. Yes sir. Interviewer: But now is that the black man uh #1 Could you imitate an uneducated white man? # 556: #2 Well that's blacks I'll tell you # A lot of these whites have lived and worked on these plantations with niggers so long, that they have just about adopted the nigger terminology. Because that's all they talked to, see? And to make 'em understand, they get down and talk just like they do. Because if you use different type, they wouldn't understand you. So you take a lot of these um Foremen and uh On on farms on plantations, these big plantations. They they deal with 'em all day and talk to 'em all the time and and you they just I know one man who can't who couldn't tell and I know he's an educated man. But he's got and he's talked with 'em so long and worked with 'em so long, he sounds exactly like one of 'em. Just exactly. Interviewer: Well he if that's the only way he could communicate. 556: That's right. To communicate, you gotta get down and speak their language. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And I can do it, too, fairly well. I was raised with 'em. Interviewer: Oh that's that's really what I'm very much interested in. It is so hard to find and record those things that 556: Well, as I say, the average illiterate, and they're getting scarce now, by the way, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: has a vocabulary of not over two-hundred, two-hundred-and-fifty words, and some of those words unless you know you wouldn't understand like a foreign language. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um if you ask uh some argue are you going someplace uh next week and he doesn't say yes or no. He wants to say, well maybe uh how would he say that? "Well, I 556: Well, I don't know I expect I will, I expect I won't. I don't know. I might, maybe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Expect so. Interviewer: Would uh how did they uh how was reckon used? I reckon so. 556: I reckon so. That's a very popular word. That means I guess. Interviewer: And it was reckoned, uh the negro might say expect, but the 556: I say I reckon so. Reckon. Interviewer: So. Mm-hmm. 556: First {NS} when I went to school up in New York {X} New York met a boy there from Texas, and he's use that word reckon and this fellow just died. Did, "What did you say?" He said says he didn't know what the word was. He'd never heard it before. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: You say, "I reckon." What do you mean, you reckon? He's aw, he said, "I think so. I'll put it where you can understand. I think I'll go." Interviewer: Uh. 556: He was talking to me when he said, "I reckon so," cause I knew what it meant. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's still used, isn't it? 556: Oh yeah. Interviewer: What? 556: #1 Quite common. # Interviewer: #2 And not neccesarily by lower classes? # 556: Used by everybody. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But as I say, we See, this county we outnumber now there's five niggers to one white in this county. And is has been as high as ten to one. And associating with 'em all the time and talking to 'em and working with 'em and working with and they're working for you. They picked the so just picked educated whites. They just picked that stuff up and You would hear a PhD using that talking that way, and now you know they know better but it's just uh Interviewer: Well, that's what's reported. 556: They just have solved it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I know I do. Interviewer: And I think people do that uh and have to do it deliberately or they they don't belong in the community. They have to or to adapt uh the #1 Speech {X} # 556: #2 Well it's you have to do it # to make 'em understand and that's the thing they you have to Interviewer: And if uh you were say selling a car, even to an uneducated white, wouldn't you have to uh use his language? 556: Get right down there with him. I sold an old nigger a car here. A second-hand car. And he said now I'm gonna bring my son in tomorrow, and you teach him how to drive. So he came in the next day and I got the boy on the front seat by him, and he was on the backseat. And I said look boy. Now I'm a show you how to start this car. When he I said that, that old nigger jumped straight up said wait a minute, wait a minute. Said you got that thing backwards. Say show that nigger how to stop that car first. Said you got it backwards. {NW} {X} Interviewer: He probably felt like a prisoner in the backseat. 556: Yes, said you got that thing backwards boy. You show that you show that nigger how to stop that car first. {NW} Out down here in the country, uh a couple of years ago and a man owned a plantation down here, and he was out of he was gone. And one of his colored hands came up to the store and asked his brother said I don't know exactly how to do so-and-so down here, so I Tell me what to do about it. He said do you know how to d- how you would do it? Yes sir, I know exactly how I would do it. He said well you do it just sit just backwards from that and you'll have it right. {NW} I'll never forget that. She said of course I do it wrong every time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Said you do it just as he said the word backwards. You just do it backwards from that and you'll have it right. In other words, just the opposite, he meant. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How bout the uh use of be how you well I 556: Well Uh first thing they'll say is how you doing today. I'm okay I guess. Well, how all the folks? Oh, they well. Except so-and-so, she she's kind of polar today, but rest of 'em get along pretty well I guess uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But so-and-so, she's polar today. But I the doctor with her last week, and she she come out alright I expect. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do they do they say uh I uh I be pretty good? Does that sound right or no? 556: Well, no. They say I'm doing pretty fair, I guess. Interviewer: Uh and the they use the word be and I be pretty good or not? 556: No. No, I that's used in some sections, but that's not that uh Interviewer: And if you say uh {NS} 556: I remember one time all the colored people's cabins was live or were out behind our house and they set the night jars out to air during the I was walking I was I couldn't have been over eight or ten years old, and I threw a rock at one and hit it and broke it all to pieces. {NW} The old woman got very indignant. She went to my dad and told him and said said, "Your son broke my thunder jug." {NW} And said, "I I be scared to go out at night," and said, "I have to have one," and she said, "You're gonna have to find me a new one." And I remember you never said I be scared to go out at night and said Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: I just gonna have to have a new one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. By the way, what would she say that she did uh to the thunder jugs, she you picked up a rock and you what? 556: She said I throwed a rock at it. Interviewer: Throwed. 556: #1 Said I throwed a rock at it, I say. # Interviewer: #2 {D: said a chunk} # 556: No, she said a rock. It was a rock. It was a brick a a piece of Interviewer: You ever use chunky chunked a rock at 556: Oh yeah, chunk is great. Chunk that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Oh yeah, that's quite a word. Chunked it. Interviewer: And that means that means throw or 556: I never forget when I broke it. Remember the day I broke that thunder jug. {NW} Oh boy. Interviewer: Uh. If uh somebody says uh your fence needs uh fixing uh uh when you gonna do it? And and once you say well I'm thinking about it now I may do it uh next week. How would he say that? What's uh um I'm I'm uh fixing to do it or? 556: Yeah, he'd say well I I'll get your fence fixed sometime. I'm fixing to I'm getting ready right now and I'm I'll have it fixed for you about this time next week, we say. Interviewer: Do do people uh say I'm fixing to do it? 556: Oh yeah. I'm fixing to do this and I'm fixing to do that. In fact, I heard a preacher said in one of his sermons not long ago said he was fixing to go to the convention. {NW} A preacher with a PhD degree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Said he was fixing to get ready his He's fixing to go to the convention. Interviewer: Well, it's uh it's interesting these words uh um survive. Uh I I hope myself I hope they do because it's it makes uh the language rich and and varied and interesting. How bout uh do people uh add and if they were talking about singing at church uh they were singing. Would they say I's singing? A-laughing, a-dancing while they were dancing. Does that sound alright? 556: That sound alright. Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Alright. Interviewer: And uh if they say uh well if you need money, I'll give you some. And they say, no, I don't wanna be what to anybody? 556: Will no be beholden. Interviewer: To anybody. 556: The word is beholden. Interviewer: Oh. 556: Yeah, a lot of 'em. I don't wanna be beholden to nobody. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: In other words, I don't want to be any obligations. For instance, you'd pick up you go out in the country and you pick up some journalists and poor white They give you a ride? Yeah, they gave me a ride maybe a mile or two down the road. He gets out of the car, and he'll invariably say, "What do I owe you?" Don't owe me anything. Glad to take you. Alright. I asked a fellow not long ago I said what why do they say that? He said well, I'll tell you why they say it. They don't want to be under any obligations to you. He's offered to pay it, you've refused it, so that that clears it. He don't owe you a dime. You don't want to be beholden to, you see? But they'll always push that they probably hadn't got a nickel. Say what do I owe you? Nothing. Glad to have you or glad to ride. Alright. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And he's under no further obligations. He offered to pay you. You refused it. So he's home free. Interviewer: I see. 556: And that's why they do it. Now, I had never thought of it in just that light, but that's exactly why they do it. Interviewer: And say, uh it's kind of a courtesy uh. 556: That's right. He offered to pay you. {NW} And you refused it. Interviewer: So he's not beholden uh how about somebody saying now I've forgotten about that but I now but now I now I recollect, remember, mind 556: Well now the older people use that word recollect a whole lot. I was down here at the courthouse one day, and there was a big tree's uh growing this old man was looking says, "You know, I recollect the day those trees was planted." I recollect. That was a That was used quite frequently by the older people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: {X} Interviewer: What's the reverse? Now I don't uh 556: I forgets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: I forgets that I forgets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh the road uh as it's under repairs, so we can't go through there. The road's all 556: All tore up, and they working on the road. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: The road all tore up. Interviewer: And if um if you give uh a poor man gives his wife a necklace say or some beads, and for his her birthday and and he'll say well now don't just look at them. What put 556: Put 'em on. Wear 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh the opposite of that is the uh the opposite uh if if a child says now don't lose them. Before you go out, you better take 556: You mean to take care of 'em? Interviewer: Uh-huh or you you you better their beads little girl she's home before you go out to play, you better 556: Put 'em up. Interviewer: Put 'em up? 556: Put 'em up. Interviewer: I see. 556: In other words, put 'em in a safe place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Put 'em up. Interviewer: If something belongs to me uh in conversation uh you'd say well that's that's 556: That's mine. Belongs to me. Interviewer: Alright and if it belongs to you, it's 556: It don't belong to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or how bout this or you say this is mine. It's 556: Yours. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if it belongs to both of us? 556: Ours. Interviewer: And uh to to them it's not ours it's 556: Another thing some of the older people used is uh I I've heard it way out in the country. We-uns and you-uns. Interviewer: I was wondering about that. 556: You don't hear that much now, but I used to it used to be quite often that's another from the Old English we-uns and you-uns, but I used to hear it a {X} the farther out in the country you get way out. But uh I know I went out there one day hunting A couple of us did, and we stopped at this little house, and the woman asked us have you-uns had dinner? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. 556: Or you-uns and we-uns. You don't get that much now. Interviewer: That reminds me uh uh would you explain now how uh this uh how the expression y'all used to be used and how it is used now? 556: Who, what, y'all? Interviewer: Yes. 556: Well uh, it's a funny thing. Lot of people think when we use it well we still use it Y'all should But you never refer to one person. Now they think uh so many people think when you say y'all, I heard 'em People who didn't know any better. That means a group. It's used in the Bible many times. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: In it many times. You all. Interviewer: Mm. 556: I've got a list of the quotations from the Bible. Where that word you all is used. It means a group. It don't mean one person. It never has. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: For instance, you may be talking to one person, but they're but they're referring to one or more people uh more people than one. A group. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And this usually this is very common in the South. Everywhere today. But then it's never to one person because that's the plural. Interviewer: And there's no uh No prejudice against it there here, is there uh? 556: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Uh. 556: If it was, half the people would {NW} Interviewer: The reason I ask, is I was interviewing a very elegant lady and she was the uh most elegant lady in town in Northern Mississippi and uh she said, "Well, we never say that," uh. She says only country people say that. 556: What, you all? Interviewer: Y'all. And just at that moment, her sister came in and says, "Y'all still taping?" 556: {NW} There you are. They may d- they may do it unconsciously, but you all is always is a group. For instance, Well all we are. My brother and his wife were here a few Sundays ago, and my wife I know she told 'em, "Y'all come back to see us." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But she meant both of 'em. She didn't mean one of 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh would you use all in combination with uh who if somebody uh if you went to a party and came back and your wife uh might say 556: Who all was there? Interviewer: Who all was there? 556: Right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Who all was there? Interviewer: And uh if you talked to somebody for a long time, she might say well what uh did he say? Would you say, "Well, what did he say?" 556: Quite frequently that's used. "What all did he say?" Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how about this word right smart? Would you explain how that's 556: Yeah, right smart. Yes. {NW} That's that's used quite frequently, right smart. Interviewer: Would you give me some examples uh 556: Well uh it generally means quantity. You'd say uh, "How many strawberries did you raise?" You say, "Well, I raised a right smart of 'em." Interviewer: Oh. 556: It generally it refers to quantity. A right smart, a right It means quantity, see? Like you you raise a right I got a right smart right smart number eggs today or raise a right smart the crop of potatoes or strawberries or whatnot. It's used in that in that sense of quantity. Interviewer: Would you does this sound right to you? Over in the delta, an old man said that his daddy had a right smart of Indian in him. 556: Yeah. Quantity. Interviewer: {X} 556: That's perfectly alright. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: A right smart of Indian blood you'd say. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: A right smart of white blood. A right smart of yeah that's alright. Interviewer: And uh uh how about uh that somebody somebody would say if nobody else uh will look after him, you're gonna have to look after uh how would how would that be said? Nobody's going to look after them. They're going to look after 556: Have to look out for themselves or shift for themselves. Interviewer: Selves. 556: Yeah, look out for themselves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if he wants it done right, he better do it. He wants it done right, he better do it him. Himself, his self. 556: Yep. That's right. Interviewer: Well how how does that come out it 556: If you want it done right, you better do it yourself. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Uh, something like that. Interviewer: And how bout uh his or him? His self? 556: His self is used quite often to himself. They know better, but they'll say it. Interviewer: Well, actually I I don't think in conversation there are right forms. It's just a matter of what people actually say, you know. It's uh yeah I've seen uh many regions 556: Well, I as I say the the the speech or the of the educated people here has been so diluted with the negro idiom that it's pretty sad. I know every time I go off I go to all these conventions and trips all over the country. I been all over the United States, and my wife will always warn me now, "Remember where you are." You forget this stuff that you use at home. Cause you remember they won't know what you. She always warns me. Interviewer: Alright. 556: "Remember now don't say so-and-so. Don't say this, that, and the other." Interviewer: But you know actually in in the communities in New England where there aren't many blacks at all, never have been Uh there are some fascinating expressions, which may actually have their roots way back in England ago. They just carried over. 556: But you take this word ain't cause everybody knows that that's not correct. I told you about the paper yesterday {X} {D: said well give me a thousand dollars to inquire to the word ain't} but of course you know it's not correct, but they just get into the vernacular and use it. No one is wrong, but Interviewer: By the way, I was that a commercial appeal? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: I looked for it. 556: Well, it was in there. It was in Sure it was commercial. Uh, the full is the list of the full appropriately in May to delve into {X} absolutely senseless. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I uh I have looked for it, but I guess Well, it was 556: At least in my edition uh Well, I I it was either yesterday's or the day before because I just read it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Twenty-three thousand dollars to Interviewer: investigate 556: That's why children fall off of tricycles Interviewer: {NW} 556: And the and they came up with the fact they need the tricycles turned over and ran into something some inanimate object. Interviewer: Um. 556: I tell him any mother could have told him that. Uh it's Interviewer: Uh same thing as during a certain time. Say uh bats uh don't fly in the sun. They fly only 556: They don't fly during the daytime. They flies at night. Interviewer: Night? Uh 556: In during the day. Interviewer: During the day? 556: In during. Interviewer: And you can find a if you look around for something and and uh say, "Well, I just can't find anything quite {X}." You say, "Well, sure you can. You can find something like that any." You say anywheres or anyplace or? 556: Most anywhere. Interviewer: Most anywhere. 556: Had it most anywhere. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh how about uh almost midnight, by midnight? 556: Near about Interviewer: Near about midnight? 556: Near about. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Yeah, near about midnight. Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you uh if you say now I'm not going to do that and your friend says, well, if you're not, then what? 556: Then who is? Interviewer: Pardon? 556: Who is? Interviewer: Who is? Do they say neither or neither? You if you're not gonna do it 556: {NW} Neither. And neither am I and this and that and you never used the word neither. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Either, either. Neither, neither. It's either. Interviewer: By the way, that's not everything I wanted to ask you but I've heard colored people say neither and but is that an affectation or 556: Probably is. In fact, if a white use it, it's an affectation. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Now how bout the uh negro you used the word or I should ask you this um how would the negro refer to his mother's sister? 556: That's his that's his auntie. Interviewer: And that's his aunt and not aunt. 556: No, auntie. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Auntie. Nah, I've never heard the word aunt used, by anyone. Interviewer: Never heard 556: Just like you heard some white say uh Half That's affectation. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Half a pound. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh how bout uh sure? How does that you 556: Sure. Interviewer: {X} 556: The word is sure. Interviewer: Sure and and uh 556: Sure, sure. Interviewer: Uh, how is that used? Does that intensify something? 556: Yeah, if anybody say uh you gonna do something? So sure, sure I'm gonna do it. Sure. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And by the way, We had a friend. He up and married a girl from Montana and she was the very precise talking girl. I heard her use that very expression not long ago. Somebody says, "Are you coming to the club meeting," and I said, "I sure am." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Now that girl had never heard that word {X} says, "I sure am." I thought that was very Interviewer: How bout uh combining uh sure with enough. 556: Sure enough. Sure. Perfectly proper. Interviewer: And what is uh in what context is it used? 556: Uh well you'd say uh Are you sure you're going to the party tonight? Said, "Sure enough I'm going." Sure nuff. N-U-double F. Sure nuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Sure enough I'm gonna do it. Like I said, you sure enough gonna do so-and-so? Sure I am. Interviewer: I um it reminds me uh uh of another lady I interviewed um {X} in town who's in her eighties, and her husband been dead for well, I asked her these questions, and she there's another lady who said well that's lower-class. Country people say, "Sure enough." But uh I went out and then after the interview, we were talking and her husband, been dead for twenty years, he really did bear a very strong resemblance to my father and I said, "And you know your husband looks just like my father," and she says. "Sure enough." 556: Mm. Interviewer: And and uh that's why I wish that these interviews could be conducted the way I'm talking to you, you know? I would like to have a real feeling for the language that 556: Well, that's a very common expression. Sure enough. Interviewer: There's no {X} 556: But it as I said, the reason for all of this is that we've associated with the colored so long, and and worked with 'em and talked to 'em and businesses and stores and working with 'em. It just rubbed off on 'em. That's all. Like I told you about Doctor Cook. President with a string of degrees behind his name that long. Said he was born up in the prayers. Said, "Now that's now I'm not making a grammatical error." Says, "That's what the niggers called it, and that's what I was raised to calling it. The prayers." That's this section through here, see? The prairies. Said it's not he said, "It's not prairies. Prairies are out West. This is the prayers." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I heard him say that. Interviewer: I think it's a healthy attitude uh to kind of preserve these differences and 556: Well, sure it's Interviewer: How bout uh uh some way of saying cold or good and intensifying? It's do you say real cold or? 556: Sure nuff cold. Interviewer: Nuff cold. 556: Yeah, sure nuff hot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Sure nuff. Interviewer: Is real or really used very much uh 556: Well, uh yeah it's it's used uh a good deal. Real. Interviewer: In in what context? 556: Well, I had a lady down at the museum the other day, and I was showing her some different things and now this article here is a hundred years old , and she said, "Really?" Look like It seemed like every other word she said was really. "Really, you really, that real, uh really?" She kept using that word really she was a dozen times. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh how bout the uh use of something, nothing. If you give me sentences for 556: Well, He'll never amount to nothing. {NW} How's that? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: He'll never amount to nothing. Interviewer: And uh 556: He'll be something some day. Interviewer: I see. 556: Keep on going like he's going, he'll be something some of these days. Interviewer: And uh you how bout catching fish? Do you catch any know what 556: What is that, now? Interviewer: If if you're talking you ask somebody if he caught any fish and he has such bad luck he didn't catch any, and might say you know just in conversations that no 556: No {X} I heard a lot of them say, no it was a washout or I drew a blank or they wasn't biting or something like that. Interviewer: How bout nary a one? 556: Nary one. That's that's not used very much {NW} with the white people. Uh they I've heard I heard a fellow say the other day, everyone Says I haven't got everyone. Now, what did he mean? Instead of saying nary a one, he said everyone. I haven't got everyone. Uh I hadn't heard that but once or twice. But I did hear that man say everyone. Interviewer: And uh with fish or with what? No but some somebody asking me to have some any 556: I forgot it was. You got so-and-so? I got everyone. Everyone I suppose he would Hitting that, but he said everyone. Interviewer: That's interesting. 556: {X} The horses ain't got everyone. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh the uh if you say well the teacher blames a little boy for something, and uh are she says did you do that and uh what did you do and uh he might say now I uh I ain't done nothing? 556: Yeah, he could say that. I ain't done nothing. I didn't do it uh. I ain't done it. Uh he could say it. Sure. Interviewer: What do you think is when you were in school does that sound uh 556: Well I guess it was used, but I don't remember using it a great deal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh 556: Journaling when we made a grammatical expression, the teacher would jerk us up right quick. Interviewer: {NW} 556: If we was if we made an error. I remember one day we had an English teacher. This was a ridiculous thing. And she was a very strict-laced old English teacher. She just tried to teach perfect English. And we were going to school one day, and we had this boy he was always up to something. And she says his name was Lewellin. Lewellin All. She says, "Lewellin, have you seen greater farm?" He said, "Yes ma'am I seen him and taken after him." And of course she just liked to blow him up. He did it just for meanness. "Yes ma'am," he says. "I seem him and taken after him." Oh, she just bristled on him. Oh, it just made her so mad. It was one of her English students she Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: I'll never forget that. "Yes ma'am I seen him and taken after him." Interviewer: That's strong uh strong notions. 556: Oh boy she liked to {X} Interviewer: Would you uh sort of create a kind of conversation that would happen if somebody came unexpectedly at uh mealtime uh how uh I mean again uh without any kind of social feeling about it uh just how people would ask them to come in and and uh 556: Well, I've often heard this done that Well, you're getting here right at dinnertime. We ain't got much, but what we've got, you're welcome to it. We got plenty of it. Such as this is and be glad to have you come sit awhile with us and eat something with us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: There you go. Wasn't looking for company but uh we just got what we'll eat if you was here. I mean you can eat what we can eat, so come in and eat with us. And of course there would be a bountiful table that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: They always apologize these I used to go out and these big dinners that and the host at the table would be literally covered with anything above everything. She'd like to apologize for the sorry meal {X} That would be turkey and ham and chicken and beef and just I didn't have much today. Of course, all she was doing was fishing for compliments. Oh, I just did the best I could. I just that's uh Interviewer: If you want uh uh someone to start to eat right away, you say, "Well, just help 556: Help yourself. Interviewer: Self. 556: Help yourself. Interviewer: And you uh If you offer somebody a certain dish and he doesn't want it, how does he decline it? Says I 556: You generally don't. You go on to take it and don't eat it. It it's uh you it's kind of a reflection on the hostess when you turn something down, see? Interviewer: I see. 556: So if you don't like beets, we'll say, and they're passing the beets well You may not like beets. But it's a reflection on the hostess cooking if you don't take some of it and uh um uh Try to uh try to eat uh you don't have to necessarily eat it, but you should take it along on your plate anyhow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever say I don't like 556: No, don't say never say, "No, I don't like beets," or, "I don't like this." No. You're gonna take a little of it and then don't eat it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Suppose uh you come for somebody and she's not quite ready, uh she'll say, "Not just 556: Y'all set awhile. Dinner will be ready directly. Interviewer: Alright, or if she said, "Just just a minute uh I'll be with you just 556: {X} He'll say, "Well, well, I'll be through in a minute. Y'all just set down now and we'll uh dinner will be ready in directly." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then you would say 556: #1 There's no hurry. # Interviewer: #2 Don't hurry I I'll wait # 556: Take your time. We got all day. Don't make a you never get in a hurry, see? Interviewer: Uh. 556: No, no, we ain't in no hurry at all. Just take your time. Interviewer: We'll wait. 556: We'll wait. We'll sit here and talk. Interviewer: Uh do you say we'll wait for you, we'll wait on you, we'll 556: We'll wait. You go right ahead. Take your time. We're in no hurry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Got all day. That's what you generally say. You got all day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if somebody comes uh for your wife and she's at the club, you say, "Well, I'm sorry. She's 556: Just a minute. It's what they always say. "Just a minute." And course it may be thirty but still that's what they say. Just a minute. Interviewer: See uh. You said she's not at home or someone calls comes to the door and asks for you wife and she's not here, you say, "Well, I'm sorry, she's not 556: She's not at home. Interviewer: Uh. 556: What we'd say. She's not at home right now. Be back but they all want to know when she'll be back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: So you try to estimate it. Not at home right now, but probably be back in fifteen minutes to twenty minutes or thirty minutes. Ther- Uh as the case may be. Interviewer: What's a standard greeting for someone grew up in Macon and comes {X} 556: Well Interviewer: Well, you haven't seen for a long time. You say, "Well 556: Well, uh that happened to me just the other day. A boy that I grew up with here I've forgotten just what I did tell him. I told him I was glad to see him. Glad you're back home again. Looking well. Course you always tell 'em how well they look. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Looking well. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Hope you'll stay. This, that, and the other. Just a few pleasantries. Interviewer: And and you say, "Well, when you come back again, I'll be sure 556: Sure and drop around to see us. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh, we'll be glad to see you or how how would you change glad. We'll be glad to see you. How glad? Uh, we'll be 556: Well, I don't know. Interviewer: Uh, there are a couple things here that I'm looking for is right glad. Does that sound right? Be right glad to see you. 556: That or very glad. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Generally be very glad. Interviewer: And how is this word proud used? 556: Proud to see you. We had a Sunday school we had a Sunday school teacher here and by the way he's got his master's degree in English from the University of Mississippi. And I ask a question at a Sunday school class one day. He said, "That's a good question. I'm proud you ask it." {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Said, "Now somebody laughs, it'll be okay." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Said, "I'm proud you ask it." Interviewer: Are there some other word that's he's a younger man is he that 556: #1 Yeah, yeah, he's in his forties. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Mm-hmm. 556: And he says, "That's a good question. I'm proud you ask it." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I remember that rather happened just a short while ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh it's how about before uh this tape's about to run out another question coming up. Interviewer: We were talking about uh {NS} before {NS} you're you have a piece of furniture and you uh it doesn't fit in the house and so somebody says, "Well, don't throw it away. I'll be glad to take it." And you say, "Well, I'm glad to 556: Glad to get rid of it. I have a letter from one of my relatives from the University of Mississippi. He's a senior at the University of Mississippi. That letter was dated in 1893, I believe. He was writing to his father down at Byram, Mississippi. Says, "I wish you'd send me six gallons of good molasses." Says, "I can get shut of it very easily." Shut. S-H-U-T. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: He meant shed of it, I guess, but there he was, an educated man saying, "I can get shut of it." Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And it's very plain. S-H-U-T. Interviewer: Are there words uh now it means more than just to be rid of it. He would say, "I could sell it." 556: #1 He was gonna sell this molasses. # Interviewer: #2 {D: For sale} # Uh-huh. 556: He says, "The boys up here want molasses, and I can get shut of it very easily." And with and he was an educated boy. See, University of Mississippi. Interviewer: Uh, do you still hear that uh very much? 556: Very seldom now. It it was it used to be uh uh uh used a great deal more than it is now, but occasionally you'll hear it. Get shut of it. {NS} Interviewer: And uh. {NS} Uh uh if someone {NS} said wants to say the opposite or even he might say, "Well, we're we're glad to see you. And uh won't you stay?" but actually wants wants you to get shut of you uh, so you'd say, "Well, he acted uh he acted as if I I knew he wanted me to go, but he acted as if," what? Uh. 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Would he say uh he didn't want him to stay, but he Uh, he made out like a 556: Well, that's that's quite an expression. Made out or make like. Make like I know I, I heard a fellow says not long ago let's make like we gonna do so-and-so. He made like he wanted him to stay when he didn't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. And uh different ways of expressing distance uh say how far is it well say to Columbus uh how Uh, would you say And you remember any other way of saying that uh 556: Well, they'd say, "How far?" Interviewer: To to uh to Columbus? 556: Yeah, how far to Columbus? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And {NW} somebody might say, "Well, about thirty" 556: Thirty mile Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Lot of 'em use don't use the plural, they would say mile. And I'll notice uh so many people would say anything is three foot long, four foot. Instead of four feet, they would say four foot mile or thirty mile to Columbus. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Uh. {D: High} Well that that expression is being discarded more now than it used to be because everything was either three foot deep or four foot deep. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But you don't have much of it now with the younger people. It's always three feet or four feet. Interviewer: And if uh you say, "Where's the church?" or "Where's the baptist church?" 556: Where's it at? Lot of 'em put that word 'at' on the end of it, which of course is wrong, but so many people will say, "Where's it at?" {D: And about} other day, the fire whistle, fire alarm sounded down here and he run out here and says, "Where's the fire at?" {NS} I started to tell him "Right behind the at." Interviewer: {NS} 556: But he wanted to know where the fire was at. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you say uh, "Where is the baptist church?" Well, you say, "Well, it's just over 556: Oh, on the corner. Interviewer: Uh, or uh Well, by the way when when uh someone told me I asked where you lived and they say, "Well, his house is just catty-wampus to the baptist church." Now uh does this uh would you explain the difference between catty-corner 556: #1 Well, he meant he meant # Interviewer: #2 and catty-wampus? # 556: Catty-cornered. Of course, catty-cornered. Catty-wampus. {NS} Well, that that may be used a little but not much. It's generally catty-cornered across. Interviewer: Now what is antigodlin? {NS} 556: Oh boy. Interviewer: I'll explain how I heard that. 556: How'd you hear it? Interviewer: I checked to see whether this uh #1 sounds familiar. # 556: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Somebody says that uh that they used to use a roads a mule-driven road-scraper. 556: Mm. Interviewer: And the blade was was antigodlin. to the road, 556: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 so not only uh you know like this, up and down, but on an angle like this. # 556: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 In other words, you could, # you could set it this way 556: Mm. Interviewer: and when it 556: Well, if you had antigodlin, you turned it slightly up. See, they used the old road-scrapers and mules usually a scraper would have handles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: If it's antigodlin, it would turn slightly up instead of being parallel with the road. In other words, it meant diametrically opposed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Uh just opposite. And anything antigodlin is it's uh opposed to the proper way. For instance, that scraper should be parallel with the earth, but if you wanna when you wanna aerate it you bear down on the handle and it goes up, you see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That would be antigodlin. Interviewer: You you we talked yesterday about the jackleg uh carpenters. Suppose that he made a windowsill, and you looked at it and you say, "Well, look at that sill uh it looks and and it's on an angle. If it isn't square. What's the word there? 556: That'd be a good way to express it right there. Antigodlin. Interviewer: That that's antigodlin? 556: Anything that's out of proportion or out of the natural sequence, that'd be antigodlin, and it's uh opposed to the right way of doing things, in other words. Interviewer: Now, catty-wampus then doesn't uh 556: {NS} Interviewer: You wouldn't say, "Well, he's got that all 556: Well, he just coined the word there I've heard the word cad it it's uh means the same thing as catty-cornered. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Same thing. Interviewer: So that a piece of furniture would be in the corner uh would fill a corner 556: antigodlin it. {NS} If it was put that away instead of this away. It just means opposed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Those are interesting terms. 556: Opposed to way the the opposed to the proper way of doing things. #1 It's that's what they mean by it. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. So that so that's always # 556: #1 Yeah, off. Off-center. Right. # Interviewer: #2 Sort of off-center, so {X} # Uh. How about the word the use of yonder or yander? Uh. 556: Yonder. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Way off yonder. Interviewer: Uh. And do you combine that in any special way with back and over? 556: Oh yeah. Back yonder, over yonder, over yonder. Sure, yeah. Interviewer: Yeah, what's is that is that a long way or a short way off? Uh in other words, to talk about the church 556: Not necessarily. We say the church is over yonder. Wouldn't necessarily mean a long way. Interviewer: And what else? 556: Over yonder or back yonder, back it's maybe it's behind, it's back yonder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: So here is over yonder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: This away is out yonder. And different expression or you'd think the Air Force hymn in the wild blue yonder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Uh, it means As I say, if it's back yonder is behind you, say over yonder, but out yonder is in front of you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, what is uh different ways of saying a little way and a long way? Uh, I'll go with ya a little way. 556: Little ways. Interviewer: Or piece? 556: Piece? Yeah, a piece of the way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Yeah, that's used. Piece of the way. Little ways. Interviewer: How bout a fair piece? Uh. 556: Fair piece. {NW} Interviewer: I'll go with you a 556: I was down at the Daytona Beach and we were going on to Miami. And my cousin's wife, who said, "Where y'all going?" We said, "we going to Miami." She said, "Well, it's a fair piece down there. I'll tell you that," and of course and she's an educated college graduate, but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That was in Daytona Beach. She said, "Well, it's a fair piece to Miami, I'll tell you that." Interviewer: Hmm. 556: And it was. It was the long way. Interviewer: #1 Somebody uh # 556: #2 That's # Interviewer: Uh, might walk down the sidewalk and find some ice {NW} not see it and uh you know lose his balance and might say, "Whoops, I" what? 556: Slipped up. Interviewer: Uh or or I what to fell? 556: Slipped up and fell. Interviewer: Uh-huh, suppose he didn't actually fall, but he he almost did. He might say, "I what to fell?" He'd say, "I like to fell there?" 556: I'd liked to have fell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Liked to have fallen or like, yeah that's used, liked to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: {NW} Almost, which means all the same as almost. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if he uh slipped and fell this way say he fell 556: #1 Foremost. # Interviewer: #2 He actually got # Foremost? Alright. Or if he slipped and he went this way 556: Back, he went backwards. #1 Backwards. # Interviewer: #2 Backwards. # Backwards. Uh-huh. 556: Liked to {X} "Just do it backwards," he says. Interviewer: {NW} 556: He fell backwards. Interviewer: Uh, somebody might say well Suppose you happened to have been in Jackson, and they say, "Well, I haven't seen you all week, where have you been?" You say, "Well, I was I was what? 556: Well, it would depend on what he was doing down there. Uh, what I'm wondering is would you say, "over in Jackson" or or uh Interviewer: #1 Up in Knoxville or # 556: #2 Well # I you know uh up in the New England states they say down East. Interviewer: Yes. 556: I've often wondered why they said down East when they it it would be up East up if it would be up to me. Interviewer: Alright. 556: Of course, if we'd say going to Jackson, we'd say down to Jackson. #1 Or up to Memphis. # Interviewer: #2 Down to Jackson. # 556: To over to Birmingham. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Over to Greenville, Mississippi. But uh I I've heard 'em use that expression up there. Down east some ways. Interviewer: {NW} 556: When it was North. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Never could get that why they meant down East when they're are people in New York say they're going down East. Well, it was I was going in on a in an airport at Kennedy and the bus there were two bus drivers and they were talking. One of 'em says where are you gonna spend your vacation? Says, "I always go down East on my vacation." Says, "It's very beautiful up there in October." Interviewer: {NW} 556: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Not an up. # 556: Anyways, he was going he was going up in New Hampshire. Interviewer: {NW} 556: #1 Now how do you figure he went down East when it was when he was. Right. # Interviewer: #2 Now that's a that's a wonderful example of uh of what's called idiomism. # I went down East because it's beautiful up there. 556: He said he always went down East because he seen it was so beautiful up in New Hampshire during the fall. It was in October. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: And it was so beautiful up there in October. He always went down East #1 for his vacation. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 556: Well, if if down would've meant coming South to me, but Interviewer: God, and to him apparently he was not aware of the fact that he was talking about how beautiful it was up there. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Going down. 556: #1 But he was going down East to see it. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Mm-hmm. 556: Always went down East, he said, in October to see the beautiful scenery and the colors, these two bus drivers. Interviewer: If you uh see someone uh coming no let's something like that. Suppose you were up in Memphis and uh say well, I haven't seen him for a long time uh I um you might say to somebody I guess who I saw in uh in Memphis Andrew Smith and say yes I what in Memphis. I ran into him. 556: I ran into him. I Interviewer: We're at a crossing. 556: We're at a crossing. That that would be okay. I ran into him. I ran across him. I met him. Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody say I ran afoul of him? 556: Oh yeah. Yeah, that's ran afoul of him. Sure. Interviewer: But what does that mean? Uh. Does that mean that uh you didn't get along too well? 556: Well, you can just say like I had a fella not long ago I ran afoul of a highway patroller man down the highway. He missed {NW} He wasn't exactly looking for him, but he ran afoul of him and stopped him and gave him a ticket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: #1 Well, it it I mean it wasn't it wasn't such a happy meeting, but it uh you ran afoul or something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Too happy, huh? Mm-hmm. # And then suppose you uh eh you'd wanna say yes, I saw him on the street. He was coming 556: Coming at me. Interviewer: Uh, coming at or towards. 556: Coming at me. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 556: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you say well, where does he he where does he live? You say well, now he lives and I'm interested again in up, down, over. 556: Well, depend on where he lived that uh Interviewer: And supposed he lives with a family the Brown family. Say well, he lives 556: Well {NW} Interviewer: He lives up with the Browns or 556: #1 Over. Over at so-and-so's, depending on how # Interviewer: #2 Over the Browns. # 556: the direction of where they were, I guess it would be it was uh this way, he'd live up there with the Browns or over there with the Browns or as the case may be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh suppose you say do you know him. And he says no, I've never met him, but I've I've what? 556: Heard of him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh have you seen uh and you say no, I haven't or I 556: Not lately. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Haven't seen him lately. {NW} Interviewer: Child is uh is about to be punished {NW} he'll beg and he'll say no, no, don't punish me. Give me another what? 556: Another chance. Interviewer: And uh say well now you want to uh the door's open you want somebody to do something to it uh you say well now what the door? 556: You mean shut the door? Interviewer: Door. 556: Shut the door. Course you never hear much close the door. It's generally shut the door. Interviewer: I was wondering uh I was wondering and {NW} You mentioned uh your mother used to say to you when you came up to the whatnot now belt. 556: Don't touch anything on that whatnot, now. But you can look all you want to, but don't touch. Interviewer: Don't touch. 556: Don't touch. Interviewer: And if uh you somebody asks uh for an apple, a child you see let's say, give 556: Give it to him. Interviewer: Uh, give me a apple. 556: Give me an apple. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then you might cry and say why are you crying? Well, he didn't, he didn't give 556: Didn't give me the apple. Interviewer: Didn't give me any or any didn't give me none. Uh. If you ask somebody can he do something, would you explain different responses that you might might get? What was he he's not sure? 556: He would say well, I don't know. Do the best I can I'll think about it or maybe. Interviewer: Maybe. Would uh he ever say well, suppose he talked to an older man he said do you think you think you could do it now or or your health good enough? He say well I might. 556: Might get to it later. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. I was wondering uh might could. Do you ever hear that? Oh, I might could do that. # 556: #2 Oh yeah. # Maybe it might could. That's used, but generally it's maybe could. Interviewer: #1 Maybe could. # 556: #2 Maybe I could. # Interviewer: {NW} 556: And never perhaps I could. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: The word perhaps is used very very infrequently. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the might could is what's interesting. 556: #1 Yeah, well, that expression's used. # Interviewer: #2 I might could do that. # 556: I might can do it. Yeah, sure that's used quite often. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if an if you were to say something like this uh I I wish that you had done that uh I didn't know that you could and he would say, yes, I might 556: Might could've done it. Interviewer: Might could've done. 556: Might could've done it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: I'm gonna make some coffee. Interviewer: Alright, sure uh 556: Just give me just a minute. {NW} Interviewer: I haven't had any coffee this morning. {NW} 556: Now I tried to put it back together, but it it didn't work so good. Interviewer: Oh yes. 556: #1 It broke. The pieces were too tiny. Uh. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. Uh, that's too bad. # That's too bad. 556: I couldn't it was too small sometimes I get things back. There's my grandfather's Bible {NS} old family Bible's dates back to 1880. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 556: #1 Sure. # Interviewer: #2 There are if I could just ask you a few more questions. I just this business of doing things uh now if he wants to be more positive, you say something more positive than might could. Can you do that, he'd say why # He he wants to be sure that you know he can and he will. How would he express that? {NS} Can you do that? You say why 556: Why sure I can. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: #1 Sure, I can do it. # Interviewer: #2 Or # {NW} if he's um uh does he make a distinction between uh whether he wants to or whether he's physically able? If he wants to, he'll say well, 556: Do the best I can. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Best I can but uh of course if he's not able, he'll some kind of excuse. Feeling kind of poorly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: #1 That's used that's used a lot of people, poorly. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, I I # I can do it. Uh, what does that mean? If if you ask a man uh will you do this and he said well, I I can do it. 556: I can do it alright, when I get to it. Interviewer: #1 {X} to count on it. # 556: #2 When I can # Say I can do it okay. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Or if if he turns you down, you say no I 556: No, I can't do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Can't do it. Either can or he can't. Interviewer: Uh, you avoid saying I won't. Is that right? 556: Uh not going to refuse just say I can't get to it. Got us some work down at the legion building right now. Been asked if I would do some concrete work down there, but said I'll do it just as quick as I can get to it. Quick as I can get to it. I haven't forgot. I'll get to it sometimes. You'd say when? Oh, I don't know I'm busy I'll get to it just as quick as I can. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Just as quick as he can he'll get to it. Interviewer: In other words, uh he he'll never tell you 556: No, he's not gonna #1 {D: ever say} # Interviewer: #2 I won't. # 556: No, he won't refuse, but he just never gets to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: There's a colored painter here in town. {NS} He's been promising me he's gonna come here and paint my bathroom I know for six months. Every time I see him. I'll get to you next week. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Well, that's been going on now since uh I'd say May. And he still hasn't gotten to it. I'll get to it, though. I'll get there. You don't get me out. Don't get me out, he said. Don't get me out. I'll get to it just quick as I can. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And I say well you been saying that now for uh since May. Yes sir, but I just been so busy. I just haven't been able to get to it, but I'll get to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: So he'll probably finally get to it, but in his own good time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh if somebody uh gives instructions for doing something uh no, don't do it that way. Do it do it what? 556: Uh. Interviewer: Uh, don't do it that way. Do it 556: Mean in a different way? Interviewer: Yeah, or do it this way. Or this away. 556: This way or that away. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: That away is {NW} Interviewer: That away. 556: That away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That away is a is quite an expression. Interviewer: Uh if that uh that away is wrong do it 556: This away. Interviewer: This away. 556: This away or that away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: This away or that away is the way you want it done. It's wrong, but this away I want it done. Interviewer: Some uh something happens that looks like an accident. You say, no, it was no accident, he 556: Done it on purpose. Interviewer: Purpose. Uh-huh. And uh how bout uh you tell a child {NW} well, let's put it this way. Suppose the crops are held back by the rain, and you say well uh, the uh corn isn't as tall as it 556: Oughta be. Interviewer: Oughta be. Uh but uh suppose you say uh to a child now you didn't do that the way you 556: Oughta have done it. Interviewer: Oughta have done it. Mm-hmm. 556: They didn't do it like they ought to have done it. Interviewer: And how how is should uh used uh you to a child you say now you 556: You mean the you mean when you wanna say you should've done it? Interviewer: Yes, uh. 556: Well, you ought to have done it this way. Interviewer: I see. 556: They use the word oughta a whole lot. Oughta, you oughta have done it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the uh opposite of ought to is No, you 556: Like I heard I probably heard the expression she never done a thing that she hadn't oughta. Interviewer: I see. 556: Never done anything that she hadn't oughta. In other words, that she had had not transgressed the rules of propriety, we'll say. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: She'd never done a thing that she hadn't oughta. {NS} Interviewer: And how would he say uh the the opposite uh he does everything that he 556: Oughta do. Interviewer: Or or what how would you say the opposite? Uh. Oughten could. 556: Ought not have done. Interviewer: Ought not have done. Mm-hmm. 556: Oughta not have done. Interviewer: If uh if you if you see somebody who's been very sick and you say well {NW} I don't know they say he's getting along, but uh I it just seems to me that he don't ever 556: Yeah, he's getting along poorly. He's not done good. He's poorly. He's uh something like that. Interviewer: It seems as as it seems to me that he seems like 556: Ain't getting any better. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And {NW} if uh you say something like that to a to a man what what go fishing with me, and he'll say well {NW} No, I I won't go with any of he's trying to tell you he wants his uh brother to go along or friend. Says I I won't go unless 556: Can't go myself lesson you take so-and-so with me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Lesson you to take someone. Lesson you to do this. Unless is where he's driving at. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh you say instead of sitting around uh uh you uh you should you should help me uh. Um does that sound that you could use help you say why did you sit around uh 556: You coulda say I coulda used you. Interviewer: Uh. 556: Coulda used you. In other words, you coulda helped me. I coulda used you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You did something {NW} instead of playing uh I could've used you in the house. 556: #1 Yeah, that's right. # Interviewer: #2 Could've done. # Mm-hmm. And how about uh she isn't afraid now, but uh you might say she now that she's grown, she's not afraid, but she sure, as a child, she 556: She was a fraidy cat when she was a child. Interviewer: She used to be uh. 556: Fraidy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the old gray mare, she ain't what 556: Ain't what she used to be. Interviewer: And the opposite of used to be is uh um 556: Uh. Interviewer: Now I don't understand why she's afraid now. She {NS} 556: Wait. {NS} You don't use cream, do you? Interviewer: No sir. I don't. 556: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Alright, thank you. # 556: {NS} Oh you're gonna put it on tape? Interviewer: Oh, the 556: {NS} Oh, you see? Interviewer: Ain't that right? Uh. {NW} I would have a cure for a or either kill or a cure if uh you put that down #1 down her back. That's # 556: #2 {X} # Yeah, these fool remedies. Interviewer: Uh. 556: I went in one's house up here one day, and I noticed on the mantle was a glass full of hooves off a hog's foot. I mean that they slipped just the hoof off. And had that glass full of those dried hooves. I wanna know what are you saving those hooves for. Said let me tell you one thing, Mr. Crigley. Said that's the best stuff in the world for pneumonia. Say if you takes pneumonia, you parch them hooves and grind them up. And put 'em in water and drink it. Said it'll cure any case of pneumonia in the world. That's what we'd say is if we had a case of pneumonia. {NW} Hog hooves. Interviewer: Uh. By the way, didn't as a matter of fact uh isn't that a dish uh boiling the uh the hooves and making a kind of uh 556: Uh, you'll make a pig's foot jelly. Interviewer: Jelly. 556: But that's you take the hooves off before you do that. That is a is a it would be a nail like a nail you know that slips off. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 556: #2 And they're hardened. # A nail is not to put itself, you see. Interviewer: #1 Well, when they were born in Houston. This they old # 556: #2 They slipped # They slipped that they they said they grind that up and boil it and drink the water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And I had the whooping cough. Oh, I was gosh I was grown I thought I was gonna cough myself to death, and I went down the street one day, and I One of those {X} hit me. You know. You ever had whooping cough? Interviewer: Yeah. 556: #1 It's awful, especially when you're grown. # Interviewer: #2 It is. # 556: And I was coughing, this old nigger came out in the summertime he had an old coat. {NW} And said wouldn't keep out the heat. It'll keep out the cold anyhow. He stopped and looked at me like he might fare the last time. He says got the whooping cough, ain't you? He say I sure have. Well, he say I tell you what'll cure it. I said well, I've tried everything else in the world. What do you say? Say backs says back in slavery time Always referred to slavery time My ma had eight children and said we all had whooping cough And says you went out in the woods and found an old hornet nest And brought it home and cut it up with a shears and boiled it in a pot of water. And gave us a gourd dip and said now drink all you can hold and says we did and we never coughed another time. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: And I came home and looked all over the country for a hornet nest. {NW} Interviewer: Was uh power of suggestion is pretty powerful in many of those things, don't you think? Uh. 556: I imagine so. These old But you know they'd found that some of those old remedies have a basis of Interviewer: #1 Medical {X} # 556: #2 Medical fact uh behind 'em. # And I don't know about the hornet nest or the pig knuckles but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Or the bowls would, but {NW} Interviewer: Did you uh did you ever have to drink uh sassafras tea? 556: #1 No, but I but that was quite a remedy back in my younger days out in the country. # Interviewer: #2 It's very uh # 556: Lot of the old people did drink it. Interviewer: What what was that supposed to be for or 556: Coughs, colds, anything. Any pulmonary troubles uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Supposed to. Aren't they used it for tonic too I understand. Spring tonic. Interviewer: Did they grow or does it does 556: It grows wild as a thickets of it. I've just seen woods of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That uh it grows wild. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: {X} Used for various purposes. Interviewer: I have just a few more of these uh to to ask you uh Suppose that uh somebody says that her neighbor hardly got the news when she came right over and then how would she she say to tell me? Uh, she hardly got the news, and she came right over {NS} Uh, would she say for for to tell me? 556: Well, that expression not used much now. I came for to tell you so-and-so. That that is that's just about gone out, but formerly, that was used. I've heard it used. Came for to tell you so-and-so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But that that's not used much now. I haven't heard it in a long time. Interviewer: Hmm. And uh if somebody does something that doesn't make much sense uh what would people 556: Outlandish. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Outlandish and they'd say nah now just look at that what? # Okay, what kind of word would you use for an adult who had done things that you know didn't make much sense? 556: #1 Well, that's a good word that outlandish. That's used quite # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # Well, what would you call him? The person doing it. Say, I just look at that fool? 556: Well, you could say that. Interviewer: Or is is that too strong? Uh. 556: That a little too strong. Call him a idiot. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 556: #2 {NW} # {NW} Idiotic. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Idiotic, say. Interviewer: But uh if you'd say that fool is really a really pretty strong. 556: Yeah, that's you know a little strong. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: {NW} Interviewer: And uh suppose somebody smiles a lot. Ordinarily kind of grouchy, but he smiles a lot. You say well, he you're you seem to be in good what 556: Pretty good humor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh if how how would you uh talk about getting a an envelope ready for a letter? What I'm looking for is the different ways to use address or address 556: Back it. Interviewer: Back it. 556: They I'll back it to you. That's the illiterate expression. I've heard a many one of them come to the post office and say wish you'd back this for me to so-and-so. Interviewer: Uh. 556: They mean address it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: I had a nigger girl come in the office one day and ask me to back this letter to Washington, D.C. I said well you have to have some person to back it to. Who do you want to send it to? Oh, nobody special, just Washington, D.C. I said well that's just foolish. You you don't want to who would they give the letter to after it got to Washington, D.C. And she never would tell me. And she went on out. And reckon I saw her slip back in and the letter was addressed to the president of Washington, D.C. Now, she wouldn't tell me that, see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But she got somebody to do it. She but uh It was addressed to the president of Washington, D.C. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But she wouldn't tell me that at all. Interviewer: Do you remember any uh any words for uh an answer I has should they might 556: They generally say write right back. Interviewer: Write back. 556: Write right back. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. They wouldn't write in the letter I expect a I expect a 556: Reply? Interviewer: Reply. 556: #1 Well, they'd say write me right back. # Interviewer: #2 Back? # Uh-huh. 556: #1 Write me right back. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # And uh if if they back the letter, what would they say or what did most people say for the uh for the name and the street and so on itself? 556: You mean the address? Interviewer: Yes, uh did it have a name? 556: No. Interviewer: {X} Special or. The words back {NS} means uh the act of doing it. 556: #1 Yeah, backing into whole thing. # Interviewer: #2 Back the # Mm-hmm. 556: They'd ask you to back it for 'em. That meant the whole deal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} I'd heard or read about that, but I never heard that uh. 556: #1 I've heard it a thousand times. A # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: I was in the Navy once, and you re- you know Senator {X} Senator from Mississippi? Interviewer: Yes. 556: He was in there. It was two of his nephews. {X} Jay, and they were two of the most illiterate boys I ever saw. And one of those {X} boys asked me one day to back a letter home for him. Asked me to back it he he could hardly write, but he wrote the letter. But he knew he couldn't write well enough to address it, so he asked me to back it for him. Interviewer: Mm. 556: And that's been fifty years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Back it. Interviewer: Well let's switch over to uh some to some other words that you use for vegetables uh I think that's what we were talking about food yesterday, and and uh how bout uh different things that people grow in their in their gardens or homes in the first place. 556: Garden sass. Interviewer: Garden sass? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And that would be their {NW} their uh what kind of things? 556: Any kind of vegetables. Anything in the garden. Interviewer: What would be the the more familiar ones? Just name them off. 556: Oh, taters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh, sweet? 556: #1 Uh, yes. Uh some of the colored people say spare-a-grass instead of asparagus. Tomatoes. # Interviewer: #2 Asparagus? # Uh-huh. How bout uh Do the do people used to talk about uh yams or is that a more recent term? 556: No, it was sweet po- sweet taters. Irish potatoes what they. That yams was that was never a word used. I never heard of the word till I got grown. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: They didn't call 'em yams at all. They was taters. Interviewer: And uh. 556: Like those fellows say had one day I didn't raise much corn and cotton, but lord guard the taters. {NS} Interviewer: They never grew any rice here, did they? Or how would they use the rice? Uh In what kind of dish? 556: Or didn't uh nothing. They used the rice and gravy. They would make a bowl of rice and then some kind of gravy or butter. Interviewer: Mm. 556: I don't know the way they ate rice. Interviewer: Hmm. How bout different kinds of onions uh? 556: Well, of course the onions now the on- the ones you buy in the store don't have a bit of authority. We used the old onions we used to raise was hearty as five. The old red onions. They were they had some authority. But these mild onions you get now don't have a taste of them at all, do they? Interviewer: #1 No, what what are did you have these big sweet ones? Spanish? # 556: #2 Spanish Spanish onions. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Uh, any Bermuda onions? 556: Yeah. {X} Had those, too. But we liked we always liked the red onions because they had uh a strong flavor to them, you know. They were Interviewer: I like the little green ones. Uh, what did you call those 556: Spring onions. Interviewer: Spring onions. 556: Yeah, they were I raised had a row of 'em out there in my garden this year Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That spring onions. Interviewer: Uh how did people say uh okra or 556: Okra. Interviewer: Okra, uh-huh. 556: Okra. Interviewer: And that was used mostly for soups and 556: Yeah, I believe. There was all kinds of ways to fix okra you could uh you could boil it, of course. And you could chip it up and you could fry it and you could make it and put it in vegetable soup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: So different, and my grandmother as a holdover from Civil War days, she used to dry it. Interviewer: Dry it? 556: She cut it in little slices Spread it out on a sheet on the roof and dry it. That was I say that was a holdover from Civil War days where they had to extemporize more or less, you know. She still dried apples and peaches and okra and made hominy like we explained yesterday and sauerkraut. Of course, molasses. Interviewer: How would she use the dried hominy? 556: #1 Eh and and uh and boil it up not the hominy, they didn't dry the hominy. Okra? # Interviewer: #2 Didn't they uh. # 556: Oh, generally in soup. Vegetable soup. Interviewer: After it was dried? 556: Yeah. You put it in you put it i- i- you put it with water, it comes right back, you know? Interviewer: And the flavor's still there? 556: Yeah, sure. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: It was alright. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now what uh little radishes uh you have? 556: Yep. Interviewer: What types of those do you remember? 556: We had the long ones and the little round ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Two types. One was long and we used to grow big ones great big things. They'd grow about that big. I don't know what you'd call them, but we used to have some big radishes. Interviewer: And how bout uh {NW} different greens and did you call 'em greens or uh 556: Yeah, greens. Mustard greens. Collards. Collards, cabbage, kale. {NS} Um. Interviewer: What did you call the greens when they were very young? 556: #1 Still greens. # Interviewer: #2 Still greens? # 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Does this word salad have much? 556: Yeah, well salad salad was uh a preparation of different vegetables cut up together. They cut up lettuce and tomatoes and cucumbers. Interviewer: You never used the word salad for the greens? 556: No. Interviewer: Poke salad. 556: Now poke salad they did use poke salad because but that grew wild. You went out and gathered that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Called it poke salad, yeah. Interviewer: But you're you're saying the salad was a dish rather than the greens? 556: Right. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 556: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 And how bout these little wild tomatoes about the size of your hand? # 556: #2 Yeah, mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What uh Did you ever call 'em tommy toes? 556: Called 'em vol well they generally called 'em volunteers. My grandmother told me that she remembered when tomatoes were called love apples, and they thought they were poisoned and wouldn't eat 'em. And they uh all were very small then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And uh They still grow these little tomatoes as far up here {X} little things. And they're nice in soup and things like that. Those tiny tomatoes. Interviewer: Would you uh explain about uh beans, different kinds of beans and how you'd harvest and how you'd 556: Well, we had pole beans and bunch beans. The pole beans you had to stick 'em. They grew up on and you generally got keens out of the swamp and stuck 'em in they grew that was a pole bean which considered much better than bunch beans. Bunch beans came in earlier. But of course they never let 'em mature, you know. They picked 'em green and snapped 'em, as they called 'em and And generally cooked 'em with with uh pork. Piece of ham hock or bacon or something like that. Interviewer: How how bout uh dried beans? Did you dry 'em? 556: No. No, they never they never dried 'em, but they let 'em mature. Interviewer: Or if uh you had butter beans inside, how did you get them out? 556: Butter beans were different now you picked the butter beans in {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: #1 That's a different. No, never dried it. Not a # Interviewer: #2 Ever dry any uh # Different uh parts of uh corn in the first place corn that you grow for the table would be different from what you grew from the hogs? Uh. 556: Well, yeah. There was a sweet corn Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: that was for table use, and they called that other horse corn. Interviewer: I see. 556: They didn't They they grew this corn Was a sweet corn for the table. Interviewer: But you'd eat it at the table uh hold it in your hand. 556: Yeah right {D: I had a like a good hour end up beside he'd get it all} {NS} She'd hold about two passes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh, what was that called? Say, it's a sweet corn. 556: Corn on the cob. Interviewer: Corn on the cob. 556: Then they had it fried and fried corn too and they made corn fritters. Interviewer: Corn fritters? 556: Fried, yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Uh. Cut the corn off the cob, and make it into fritters. And fry it, you know, and pretty good. Make corn fritters about like that. Interviewer: How bout uh the word roasting ears, did you? 556: Rosin ears. Interviewer: Uh is that the same as corn uh corn on the cob? 556: I'd say it. Interviewer: Oh. Which is the earlier term, you'd think? 556: I had a letter from a nigger friend of mine up at our old home place. Told me to come and get some W-R-O-E-S-I-N. Say the way he spelled it, wroesin is W-R-O-E-S-I-N. I didn't know what he talking about. Said his wroesin ears was ready. Come up and get a mess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How bout uh mutton corn, did you ever hear that? 556: No. Interviewer: And {NS} the stuff that's at the on the end of the ear that you have to pull off. 556: Tossels. Interviewer: And 556: I mean the silk. {NS} And they called it the tassels or called tossels. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Yes, well some people have have told me that the that they in other words that they use tossels for silk, so I'm interested in what you would say there. # 556: #2 No, no the # tossels were up at the top. The silk came out of the ear, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: and that the uh that's the way they were fertilized, you see. The tossels fell down on the silk left to the corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But the tassels up at the top of the stalk, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 556: Uh, they called 'em tossels. Interviewer: The uh the people who call that stuff at the top of the stalk uh spindle will call the silk tossel. 556: Well, they got it. Interviewer: Uh, that's those not familiar 556: No, they got that backwards. The tossels are up at the top, and the silk came out of the ear. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh around the corn of course did you did you mention uh using uh uh stuffing sausage into anything other than the intestine? 556: No. Interviewer: You you never smoked sausage in uh the husks? 556: No, no it always no. #1 It was all. Shuck. # Interviewer: #2 Well did you say the outside the ear of corn is is a shuck? # Shuck. Uh. 556: Yeah, no shucks were were dried and often used for cattle food. Cows will eat it. And they made used to make shuck mattress as a matter of fact the colored people all used those shucks they dried 'em to make shuck mattresses. Interviewer: Mattresses. 556: Fact I slept on a shuck mattress one night, and I thought I'd never go to sleep. Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 556: #2 Up all the rustling they care. Shucks. # They cut the end of it off and just keep the shuck. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Shuck mattresses. That was quite common back years ago. Interviewer: And uh things that you'd find in the woods uh have a stalk, a stem, and a cap? 556: Yeah toadstools. Frog stools, we called. Interviewer: Frog stools, and if you could eat 'em, what 556: Uh. We didn't. We didn't know which one was poisoned, which one wasn't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: We had heard of such things as eating them but we were also told they were poisonous. Unless you know what you're doing you'd better not eat 'em. Interviewer: Uh different kinds of squash uh and melons that you remember. 556: Yeah, uh we always had a big patch of watermelons and cantaloupes. Lots of watermelons, oh boy, the watermelons. Big water every afternoon about four o'clock we'd bust open cut about half a dozen watermelons. My grandpa especially good one big one it'd be a fine water- he'd say listen save the seed for this one now. So we'd always carefully save the seeds from that big watermelon, put 'em up to dry and then put 'em in an envelope to be planted the next year. Interviewer: Mm. 556: If there was especially good melon you know it's you may wanna save the seed out of this one, now for next year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And that is selective planting, you know, by getting the best seed. Interviewer: Sure. 556: So we'd save those seeds, dry 'em out in the sun, and put 'em in an envelope, and write on there what kind of a watermelon it was a Kleckley sweet or a Georgia rattlesnake or whatever it was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Had different names for all those watermelons. I remember my grandfather was very partial to a watermelon called the Kleckley sweet. And this Georgia rattlesnake. Interviewer: Georgia rattlesnake reminds me for some reason of uh of a word I heard for wheelbarrow. Uh what did you call the thing with handles and 556: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Wheelbarrow. And did you ever hear that called a Georgia buggy? 556: No, I've heard the expression, but we never used it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh, to get back to vegetables here, how bout uh squash what kind of squash did did you use? 556: Just ordinary squash. We never heard of this uh this newfangled squash they got now um We just had a regular squash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Round they were round we had two different types. One was round, one was looked like gourd, long-necked squash. Called it a long-necked squash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You mentioned cantaloupe, uh are the did you have cantaloupe and mush melon or? 556: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Are are are they the same? 556: No, they're different. They're different melons. Different varieties. They're first cousins, but we had both kinds. See, the the mush melons are pretty big. About this size, and #1 cantaloupe's round. # Interviewer: #2 Are there # The bigger the I see 556: The big one is the mush, they call it the mush melon. Mush k-melon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Uh. Interviewer: And how about the big uh fruit oh may get this big. Kids like it at Halloween. 556: Pumpkins? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Oh yeah, we raised pumpkins. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: And different up in Pennsylvania they raised I went through Pennsylvania last October. And they had shocked the corn, something they never do down here. And in the after they shocked that corn, thousands of pumpkins all over the field. And they feed 'em to cows and hogs. I never heard of that before. Interviewer: No. 556: They bring that there the farmers bring whole truckloads and dump 'em over in their hog pen and those hogs eat they bust 'em open and the cows eat 'em. I never heard of it before. But in Pennsylvania, that's what they were doing. They were feeding those pumpkins to cows and hogs. Interviewer: I never heard of that. 556: #1 Well I saw it. I know they did it. I didn't know they # Interviewer: #2 Well, I seen pictures # But I never knew what they used the uh used the fruit for. 556: Well, that's what they used it for. Cattle feed and hog feed. Interviewer: Fact that's a very attractive scene, is it? 556: #1 Yeah, and seeing those big fields. And they plant the pumpkins in with the corn. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Mm-hmm. 556: Make two crops on one field, and they shocked the corn. Something they never do down here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: They gather the corn what they do here they pull the leaves and make fodder out of it, see? And then tie it up into bundles, which makes good horse feed and mule feed. But up there I don't know why they shock it or what they do with it after they shock it. Interviewer: What uh region was that? 556: That was through Pennsylvania, I saw was Interviewer: Well, what area in Pennsylvania was it? The uh 556: Well, it went right through the center of the state. It went by Beaver Falls and Interviewer: I wondered if it's the reason I ask is uh if you're talking about Amish uh people, and they're 556: #1 Now, this wasn't the Amish section # Interviewer: #2 It wasn't? Uh. # 556: No. But they say that's quite common. They they shock the corn all through there. Interviewer: It sounds like an old fashioned way of doing it, doesn't it? Uh. 556: Yeah, they they go through the field, pull the corn off first, and then cut the stalks down and tie 'em into great shucks. {NS} There they are, you know. Look look like an Indian tepee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: There they were, all over the fields all shocked. In every farmhouse you pass hot pumpkin pies. We stopped at one farmhouse. It was a cold, dreary day, and I was tired of driving, so we drove in this beautiful farmhouse and they had golden {D: gurns} of cream and hot p- pumpkin pies and I went there and there wasn't nobody there but us as big a living room, a big fire crackling there. It was very nice. She served us hot pumpkin pie and with golden {D: gurns} of cream. Very good. Interviewer: That is rare. Hard to find whipped cream now, genuine. 556: The lady said she made fifty pumpkin pies every morning, and she was not gonna make any more. That's all I'm gonna make. And she says she sold fifty of those pies a day. Just that little sign out on the gate out on the highway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, when we had coffee yesterday you said uh that you had not heard uh drinking coffee uh for a how how do you express drinking coffee without milk? 556: Straight. Interviewer: Straight. And you never heard of barefoot drink it? 556: No, straight. Interviewer: Colorful terms. The different uh names you'd have for for homemade whiskey. 556: Oh rot gut. {NW} Interviewer: That's that's something bad, is that? 556: #1 Rot gut. White white lightning. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And was that good whiskey, or 556: Mm. Interviewer: No. 556: Yesterday the day before yesterday we had this meeting with the Indians down here. Upstairs this Indian I mean um deputy sheriff came up stuck his head in the door, and I went out and say what do you want? Say we just got a still we raided. She'd like to look at it. Said we still got the niggers operating we come down here you can see them both. {NW} And I went down there and they had this very crude still. Horrible thing. That odor was {NS} just literally vile And they had that thing. There was a copper wire that went down a fifty-five gallon metal barrel. The crudest thing you ever saw. And just think, people drink that stuff. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's why it's called rot gut, huh? 556: #1 Rot gut, white lightning. # Interviewer: #2 You ever hear of the stout whiskey? # 556: #1 Oh yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Call's to # 556: Yeah, that's called it that. Stump water. Interviewer: Stump water? 556: Mountain dew. Rot gut. White lightning. Interviewer: And how bout different kinds of berries that you recall? 556: Well, of course we had blackberries and dewberries and strawberries. That's about all. Interviewer: You never had uh you never called blackberries raspberries? 556: Uh well I've had raspberries myself uh down in my other home I had some raspberry bushes but we didn't have thing. We'd go out and pick edible country'd be covered with blackberries. The dewberries come on first, you know. Early in the spring. And the blackberries come on way later. Blackberries are much superior to dewberries. So we used to go out and pick 'em by the bucketfuls and out grandmother and mother would make blackberries jam and jelly and all that kind of stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how bout nuts uh 556: #1 Well, we had uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} barks # 556: Back in those days we had uh There were lots of um chestnuts but you know that some disease killed every chestnut tree in this country. You can't find a chestnut tree now, but they were we could pick up a lot of chestnuts. And of course you can associate a box of pecans and chinquapins. There are lots of chinquapins. And the best of all of 'em, though, is scalybobs. Interviewer: Uh. What name do you remember for peanuts? Uh. 556: Goobers. Interviewer: Did you always say 556: Goobers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh the flat, old-shaped nuts uh they're used use 'em often at Christmas 556: Oh. Interviewer: Grow around 556: You mean nigger toes? Interviewer: Uh. 556: Almonds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: The black ones. You call Interviewer: Yes, you don't grow any of those? 556: No, they don't grow here. We can buy 'em for Christmas. Interviewer: And uh what do you remember about growing fruit commercially, and uh did you have any 556: We didn't grow it commercially. We had my grand both my grandfathers had big orchards, peaches and apples and plums, but just for the family use. We never tried never sold had nobody to sell 'em to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: We didn't try to sell 'em. We just had all we wanted. Interviewer: And uh how bout the uh the cherry? Did you have any, did you grow any? 556: Wild cherries only. We had several wild cherry trees on the place. I remember climbing that tree and picking those. They were little, tiny things. Interviewer: #1 Smaller or # 556: #2 But they # Yeah uh They wasn't very sweet. They were wild cherries. Interviewer: What uh how did you refer to the hard thing inside the cherry uh? Was that? 556: Well, you mean the pit? Interviewer: That for the pit? 556: That was the seed. Interviewer: Uh. Now, {NW} that's what I was interested in. Whether you had cherry pits in what you had inside a uh a peach. What would that be? 556: That was a seed. Interviewer: That'd be a seed. 556: We never referred 'em never called 'em pits. Interviewer: Oh. And to to tear a peach apart, what would you call it if it would stick to the seed and 556: Well, one was a frees one was a cling and the other was a freestone. Interviewer: Freestone? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 You ever hear the # 556: #2 Why it came apart. # Interviewer: The cling called a plum peach? 556: No. Interviewer: Mm. And uh Mentioned your grandmother drying things. Uh, how would she dry apples? Would she take 556: Slice 'em. Interviewer: #1 Slice # 556: #2 In thin slices. # Interviewer: Would she take the uh center out? 556: Just straight through. Didn't take out anything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Just cut 'em straight through in thin slices and spread 'em out on a sheet. Interviewer: #1 Ever hear those called snits? # 556: #2 And dry 'em. # Mm. Interviewer: Snits. 556: Never heard that word. Interviewer: And uh. 556: Also, we had a lot of mulberries. We had an enormous mulberry tree and by the way {NW} I you asked me. {NW} {C:I think this is mic feedback from 556 moving around} Almost forgot it. #1 That's the best that's the best I could do is these sketches. # Interviewer: #2 Yes, oh that's fine. # Yes see. 556: Now let's see which one was this one this was my grand what was I saying? Interviewer: Harvey. 556: Alright. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: That was one grandfather's house. Now here was the cistern now. And right here was a big farm bell up on a post way up in the air. That bell that probably weighed two or three hundred pounds. That he rung the bell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: It was rung at daylight in the morning and and rung again and twelve o'clock to come to lunch and then at one o'clock to go back to work. And it was also used to signal various things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I've pulled that rope a many a time. Interviewer: Now these are fine 556: No, those are front steps. Now these are the columns cross the front. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Of the porch. And now the cistern now was down there. And that's why he ran the gutter down when he need a little water. At intervals. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Yes, you put that in and # 556: #2 See, and this was a back porch and this was a kitchen and that was a dining room. And the poker I was telling you over the dining room table it went. Those are windows there. # Interviewer: See. You mark where the poker was? 556: Put that over the dining room table. Interviewer: Um. It ran out the 556: Ran out the window. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Window. 556: That's that's it was a pulley up in the roof. Interviewer: There was no H in the end there? P-U-N-K-A. 556: K-A. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Those are the front steps, and here's the back steps and that was the back porch and the kitchen right close to the dining room. Those are hall and that's the four rooms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Now the other one it's a kind of a strange looking house, but this was put on later. That was the original house. #1 This little passageway from the kitchen to the dining room right through there see that room on each side, the store rooms. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 556: Thunder rooms. And this was put on later and that's the porch all the way around it. Those three rooms there. Course you walked right off the porch right into those. Right onto this little porch. Interviewer: In uh earlier times did they was the kitchen separated from the house or? 556: To here altogether it was out in the yard in case of fire, see? Interviewer: Oh, I see. 556: And they want to get the kitchen as far away from the house as possible. If the kitchen caught on fire, they probably could try to cut the fire off here see. They wanted to get the kitchen as far away as possible. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: See, they put it way out here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: #1 In this case in this other one it was detached, see? # Interviewer: #2 By the uh porch. # 556: Yeah, the porch and it was away. Interviewer: Mm. 556: And sometimes it wa- was out in the yard, but of course that brought on complications of bringing the food into the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: In many of the older homes the kitchen was entirely detached had a covered walkway. So in case there was a fire, it wouldn't Now this was my grandfather's it was a doctor's office there. That was his office. That was his consulting room back there. That was out in the corner of the yard. Interviewer: That's where the ladies quilted. 556: That's where they did the quilting in this Interviewer: #1 You must have kept the frame. # 556: #2 They used that for the quilting. # Interviewer: #1 Couple of nice # 556: #2 Well they you could put it up # against the ceiling, see? And then they'd let it down when they needed it. Otherwise, it was up. Had uh pulleys, you know, on each corner. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 556: #2 Pulled it up and it # out of the way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And when they wanted to use it they would they lowered it. Interviewer: Well, those are fine. I really appreciate your taking the time to do that. Cause it's 556: This was a chicken house, and and I'd smoke outside of of course the smokehouse and the smokehouse was much larger than that, but that's why it was located back over here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And that was the cistern had you know all covered with a roof and a wall around it with a windlass that you wound the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: bucket up from the well. Interviewer: No, we'll keep these right with the uh tapes, and uh it's an interesting record. And {NW} people will hear the tapes can can uh follow this this 556: Now that old home there is burned. It's gone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They uh thank you very much indeed. 556: Of course the numerous outhouse and carriage house stood out there and the barn and the back house and all that kind of stuff. They was out, too. Didn't have room to show 'em on that sheet of paper. #1 Oh boy. # Interviewer: #2 Okay good. Leave them here with the tapes, put them together. Uh, and {NW} and a few more questions. When uh {NW} do you remember first getting fruit from Florida or Texas? Uh what was it an occasion for Christmas or? # 556: Yeah. The first fruits we got was lemons. We used to get 'em by boxes and they're from Italy. Those lemons lemons were always Italian lemons. The first one that I saw shipped in here were from Italy, and each uh lemon wrapped up in a little piece of tissue paper. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: You got 'em in boxes and and we used the boxes for hen nests, never got through with 'em. They we'd always go to the store and beg a lemon box for hen nests. You know they would divide it in it's two squares together, and you could put a plank across the bottom and make a good hen nest. That's uh that's my earliest recollection of shipped-in fruit was those Italian lemons. Interviewer: And uh later from Florida. What uh 556: The oranges. Then we got to getting in oranges by the boxes from Florida. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And they were numbered according to the number of oranges in the box. Always had a number on 'em. So many box of oranges to the box. And but uh you only saw oranges at Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: My uncle lived way out here in the country. Pickens county, Alabama. {NW} And they always got a orange in the stocking at Christmas for the toe of the stocking. And he said one August they went to Columbus, which was there about twenty miles. They went to Columbus. And he came back and he told the boys said out there in the country they sold oranges in the stores in August. Well, they couldn't believe that, and he said he never did live that lie down. They wouldn't believe it. Said he knew they only had oranges at Christmas. Interviewer: At Christmas that uh 556: Yeah, they could sure. Interviewer: {NW} People {NW} have sugar maples around, but did did they ever uh tap for 556: Uh no. Interviewer: Uh. 556: No, never heard of such thing as maple syrup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if if they had some uh if they would refer to to uh syrup that came in from New England, say. {NW} They'd say is this is this genu- 556: Genuine. Interviewer: Genuine. {X} 556: Map- and they didn't and they didn't like it either. They didn't like it, maple syrup. Interviewer: They didn't? 556: No, they didn't like maple syrup. They liked that old Louisiana molasses. Interviewer: I see. The uh your relative is he uh you always called your what uh you'd say well we have the same name, but she's no 556: No kin. Interviewer: Kin. Uh and uh your grandparents you mentioned uh you mentioned the aunt and oh um do you remember any uh significance {NW} to niece and nephew any confusions there were the terms used for uh very loosely for relatives or were they pretty 556: Yeah, well you know. The word coudin instead of cousin. They used coudin. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 556: #2 Coudin so-and-so. # Interviewer: #1 That that that would mean any relative? # 556: #2 Yeah, any relative was a coudin. # No matter how far off, they was your coudins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if uh a grocer said uh you outghta buy this to a man, and he said well, I might but I'll first I have to ask and he meant his wife, what would he say? 556: Ask the old lady. Interviewer: The old lady? And if if you said that to her, she's say well, perhaps or maybe I'll I'll ask 556: Ask the old man. Interviewer: The old man? 556: Mm. Interviewer: And a woman who lost her husband was 556: She's a widow woman. Interviewer: And if if he just left her then 556: She's a grass widow. Interviewer: Grass widow. 556: Mm. As opposed to a sod widow. Interviewer: I see. Sod widow. 556: Sod widow meant he was dead. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Under the sod. Interviewer: I see. And uh a stranger come to town, what would he be known as? 556: Newcomer. Interviewer: Newcomer? 556: #1 By the way, they had to live here thirty years before they're before they'd be before they were anything but a newcomer. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 556: Fellow lived down here on the corner. I know he lived here fifty years, and they still look up at him as a outsider. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Like a fellow told me in Columbus A run that's that gentleman's let's see what's that runs a clothing {D: Byers and McGrath} There's a clothing store I bought a suit from not long ago, I said how long have you lived in Columbus? Oh, he said, I'm a newcomer. I've only lived here thirty-five years. Says they still haven't accepted me here yet. Says I've only lived here thirty-five years, so I'm a newcomer. Interviewer: I I uh just a couple weeks ago talk was in Tennessee ran into the same thing and a woman said you shouldn't talk to me. You oughta see Mrs. so-and-so. I I've just came here. I've been here only since 1915. 556: Well, this McGrath told me said they still haven't accepted me yet here in Columbus. I lived here thirty-five years and said I'm not even accepted at all. I'm a stranger, newcomer. They have a they have a s- by the way I talked to this group a year or so ago. The origina- they're descendants of the original settlers of Columbus. The original families, and these are the offspring of the original settlers, and it's terrible. You can't get into they had some applications out for people who wanted to get in. They said no, we would have to delve into this further. We can't take that or we had to check on 'em. And they wouldn't wouldn't take them in. They Interviewer: Now is this the club called the Pioneers? 556: I believe that was what it was. {X} Interviewer: I've interviewed a couple of the Pioneer ladies. 556: Maybe it was. I've forgotten the name. The one lady, very charming, and she hardly looks like a Pioneer. She Interviewer: #1 More like a duchess. # 556: #2 Well, she she's a descendant of what was her name? # Interviewer: Uh, she was a {B}. 556: Oh, I I know who you're talking about. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Now her husband or her grandfather was at the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit out here. And he's written a book. I have it. She gave me the book on the signing of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit. All this country was taken away from the Choctaw Indians. And {B} yeah, I know I know who she is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm. 556: {B} Alabama was named after her grandfather. Interviewer: I see. 556: Well, the first first lock of was Tombigbee waterway's in {B} Alabama. It was named for her grandfather. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well, he had a very lovely woman, very 556: Oh yeah. Interviewer: gracious and uh and very dynamic, as well. 556: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Talk about Pioneers you think is 556: #1 Well, I know it was hard to get in that society because they had several applications from ladies who had # Interviewer: #2 Ninety years old. # 556: But they hasn't given their ancestry quite correctly and they and no, we can't no look they can't go on today. We'll have to check into this further. Interviewer: Mm. 556: Have to do some more research. Hard to get into. Interviewer: Old home was it was 556: Well, see Columbus and Macon was the only two towns on the Mississippi that were never captured during the Civil War and they wasn't burned. That's why they have these old homes out here in in Columbus they wasn't burned most of them were burned to the ground. The whole town. And this town would've been burned. {X} Interviewer: {NW} Uh, as you were explaining the switch engines. Are you they have 556: Well, you you explained about all the old homes. Antebellum homes in Columbus and here in Macon. And the reason we have 'em is that these were the only two towns of any size on the Mississippi that were ever captured or occupied by the federal forces. They had {D: earthquakes} around Columbus. Eight miles long from the river north of town that's entirely encircling the town. {X: Well, Columbus} had no military value, so rather than the loss of life they would have been by the way those embankments were built by slaves. And rather than incur the loss of life to take a town that had no military value, they just bypassed it. And Strait's raiders when he's in his raid from Memphis to I believe Baton Rouge, Louisiana through Mississippi burning, destroying, and and he sent a he went some miles west of Macon, but he sent a company over to burn Macon or destroy it or do whatever he could do. And they camped about they got out here about a mile or two from {X: town and they} camped there that night. And these old men and boys here in town heard about it of course all the ones of military age were gone. Anywhere from seventeen to forty-five were in the army. And there was a couple of old switch engines and this was a railroad center kind of. And these old men and boys got those old switch engines and puff and rang the bell and blew the whistle where they could hear it and bellowing out these commands. And they thought that was a quite a number of Confederate soldiers here, and they only had one country, so they thought best not try to attack 'em, so they went the other direction. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And Macon was saved for that reason. Interviewer: {X} Striking. What is the uh the big white church on the the highway there? 556: That's the methodist church. That's the original methodist church. The original church was built in about I'd say 1840. Back in there. Interviewer: Mm. 556: But it's been added to and Interviewer: It's almost like a mission that's 556: The original center is is original, but they've added wings and another story and so forth. Interviewer: Does it uh have any relation to the Indians or it looks almost like an old uh? 556: No. Interviewer: Mission style. 556: No, it was built after the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh I wonder if you'd just reminisce uh, you know, for a while about school uh how the schoolhouse was uh uh built or how it was furnished uh 556: Well, the first school I went to was out in the country near my grandfather's when I was a small boy. I started school in a just a one-room country school with one teacher. And the grades already always I mean uh went from the primary up through the eighth or tenth grade. They were grown people in that school. They called it {X} School. And course the little the teachers teacher did the best they could course they were mostly just high school graduates. So my sister and I went to school there. That one-room school until we got up well pretty good so To go to a better school that they moved down here to Macon. Interviewer: How was that one-room school furnished? Uh and 556: Very crudely. We had a a up on a long table across the back of the room with benches down the side and they sat on these benches Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: with a table. The teacher had a table up in the front of the room. And a {NW} wooden fired stove in the middle. We had to get the wood out of the woods. And all the boys brought the dogs to school with 'em everyday. And they'd get into fight under the school. Interviewer: {NW} 556: Heifers sent some of the boys out to stop the dog fight. So much noise. And it recessed or {NS} Noon, lunch, and we'd all go rabbit-hunting. I remember one day at noon we went rabbit-hunting. We got so far from school and had such good luck, we forgot all about going back to school. It's nearly four o'clock when we got back to school. Interviewer: What was that called? 556: What, what, what? Interviewer: Uh, being absent like that. 556: Well, we'd uh It wasn't called in much of anything. Interviewer: Was that hooky or? {NS} 556: Well, we wouldn't use that word hooky till I came to town. We had never heard that word before. We just got so enthralled with the rabbit-hunting. Caught so many rabbits we just didn't go back to school. Got there about four o'clock. Of course the teacher balled us out, so we didn't mind that usually. A little girl weighed about a hundred pounds. Interviewer: {NW} 556: I'll never forget the way we used to go rabbit-hunting. We'd all carry our dogs to school. Interviewer: And then uh when you came to town 556: Came to Macon Interviewer: How how was how were the rooms furnished? Uh. 556: Oh, the were very they had a nice school. The school was very it had a very nice school. Yeah. Interviewer: It still have benches? 556: No, no. It was furnished correctly. It had desks. {NS} Each child had their own desk and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: It's a it was a fine school. I when I out of the third grade when I came to Macon. {NS} Interviewer: And uh {NS} What uh you say you played the word here was play hooky and 556: Oh yeah the yes sir you got a beating Monday morning. We When we was kids, a couple of boys would say we'd we would Was just a week of slow torture for us in school. And we could make it to Friday noon. And Friday afternoon, we'd always play hooky and go out in the {D: season} Come in Monday morning, the teacher would give us a good whipping and that was it. Well, we figured it was worth it, so Mm. Whipping didn't hurt us, you know, so hurt. We figured a half a day out in the woods was worth a little switching. Interviewer: Did you ever call uh playing hooky uh {D: boltening} or bojack or 556: No. Interviewer: Played out of school? 556: We just called it playing hooky is all we called it. Interviewer: Oh. If you got sick, would they uh out for two or three weeks, would you say you had to lay out of school? 556: You had to lay out. Take it, you had to have a good excuse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: See that scar there? When I was in about the fourth or fifth grade, my horse kicked me there and crushed my whole jaw and I was out of school I guess for three or more three months. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: So I just missed it. Interviewer: How was the uh how did they teach you about the war? Uh, did they call it the war between the states all the time or? 556: Well, they tried to get away with that term Civil War because Civil War denotes uh uprising among people of the same nation, see? The Confederacy was a duly organized and functioning nation before the first shot was ever fired. Organized down to the last detail. And it was a separate nation altogether, which they had the right to do. When the states entered the union, they entered with the understanding that if they didn't see {NW} they could withdraw. {NW} Excuse me. Huh? {NW} Interviewer: Uh, again some of the expressions that you recall um did you call a teacher uh uh if she's a woman, what did you call her? 556: Miss. Interviewer: Uh, miss uh. Or if you didn't address her by her name, she would be known as a school 556: School mom. Interviewer: School mom? And uh if she would refer to you as her 556: Scholars. Interviewer: Scholars? Uh-huh. 556: And Holler well out in the country, she'd when time came to holler, he'd hit on the wall or hit some holler books, books, books! That'd mean get in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Books. Interviewer: Get the books. 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh 556: Time for books. Interviewer: The uh {NS} The kinds of things that uh that girls might become uh for example if a girl came into town to work to for lawyer or a a merchant as a what would she be known as his secretary or a 556: #1 Well, uh stenographers they called 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Stenographers. # 556: If if she worked in there as a typist, they were all stenographers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 556: And they weren't called secretaries until way later. They were stenographers. Or saleslady. #1 They worked in a store, she was a saleslady. If she works at all, she's a stenographer. # Interviewer: #2 Saleslady. # Mm-hmm. And if uh uh this is an interesting question. {NW} If uh you had hospitals for one thing, did you have a hospital in Macon? Uh. Uhh. 556: Didn't. Back in those days, you had to either go to Memphis or Mobile to a hospital. Interviewer: Go that far? 556: {D: Amarillo.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Mostly went they went to Memphis for that {X} you know. When they did start, they wanted to know what an append a attack of appendicitis was. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Until they finally found out and then you had to rush off on a train to Memphis. Interviewer: #1 I see. Uh, what was the attitude toward um women that became nurses? Uh. # 556: #2 Alright. # It was alright. Interviewer: #1 Uh, there was no stigma attached to # 556: #2 Not, not no whatsoever. # In fact, they were encouraged to become nurses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 556: Uh. Florence Nightingale started that, you know? Interviewer: Oh, made it respectable. Uh. 556: Yeah. She made it respectable. Or possibly before that time, it wasn't so respectable, but she made it respectable. Interviewer: That's great. And uh {NW} regarding these this school term and the school day, uh how would you after vacation, they'd say uh when does school 556: School was out. Interviewer: #1 School was out? Uh-huh and when uh when did it # 556: #2 Yeah, school was # Took up. Interviewer: Took up? Uh-huh. And the day uh School was out at the end of the day. Or what how did they say that? 556: Uh. Interviewer: The end of the term. It was out and 556: End of each day? Interviewer: Yes. 556: Well it I know a kid asked me one morning He was late for school. He asked if school turned in yet. {X} School turned in yet? I said, yeah, it's turned in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Turned out. It turned out at three o'clock and turned in at eight. Interviewer: I see. I see. Uh. 556: In fact, that expression's used in some poem. I see I read a poem by who was it? Yeah right about the school turning a school turn out. That term must've been used a hundred years ago. In this particular poem, I forget {X} Would hear a {X} to have me some school turn out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And {NW} asking some question about homemade toys over there. Do you remember the uh the plank that went around? 556: Oh yeah. We had one our backyard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Had a big uh. A big block of wood. Uh. It must've been about a twelve by twelve. It had a iron spike driven right in the middle and the big hole in this It would the plank they used on it was about a two by twelve or fourteen feet and get a kid on each side his feet could touch the ground and you could really spin on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And we had that and we also had a ferris wheel. Two big four by fours were put up by like the ceiling, an iron bar was put through that, and then it was a two by sixes came down with a swing on each end of it. Over and over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: The uh the seat would also had an iron bar through it, and it was held to hold its position as it went over, see? And we had more fun with that thing. Interviewer: I see. What did you call the thing that went around? Uh, did you call it a flying jenny, too or? 556: It was a imitation of flying jenny, yeah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But they call it a flying jenny. And then there's the ferris wheel over there. My mother figured that thing out and got it carved to the right. The backyard, and we had more half the kids in town came around to ride on that ferris wheel. Interviewer: Mm. 556: Had lots of fun. You had to get two balanced just right. The same weight, you see? You got one too heavy on one end, and the other would fly up in the air, you see? Interviewer: {NW} 556: Couldn't get down. Interviewer: #1 So # 556: #2 You had to get two about the same weight. # Interviewer: Sounds wonderful. You ever have anything that was a limbered board that would be fixed on either end and uh you'd jump in the middle and it would come up and {X} board? 556: No. Interviewer: Uh. And the other thing we mentioned over there was the uh 556: #1 See-saw. Yeah, we had see-saws. Still but this # Interviewer: #2 See-saw? # 556: When we when we built this ferris wheel, the see-saws went out. People When they used that ferris wheel, they wouldn't use a see-saw. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Another thing homemade toy they used to make was they call we called it a jumping jack. Made out of wood with loose legs and you could tap him on the head and he'd dance. Or either sit on a board, you know? And hit this board. #1 Maybe you've seen the things. A figure made with loose legs. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Work it sometime and squeeze him. 556: And you could stretch a string and hit him on the head, and that thing could really Our niggers used to make 'em all the time. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: Really dance. Interviewer: And uh the thing that you would put on the uh limb of the tree and suspend it with ropes? 556: Swings. Oh boy. Interviewer: #1 People ever say swing swang? # 556: #2 We'd swing. Swing. # Interviewer: Say always. Swing. 556: Swung. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh something that you blow through? 556: Whistles. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 556: #2 We used to make flutes out of cane. # Take a hot iron, take a jar of cane used to be {X} canes in the swamps. {D: And pack those things and rode enormous heights.} And we'd take a a jar of that cane. Leave this jar there and then cut this one off and take a hot iron and drill a hole up here and six little holes down here. And you could really make music on those things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Uh. The niggers er all of 'em had a flute. And they used to have a tune they played on it called Lost John. Ha. I seen a nigger come out wrote a minute out at midnight and walking down the road playing Lost John. Interviewer: Lost John. 556: Oh, they could really play. Interviewer: Mm. 556: And it you burned a hole in it with a red hot iron. Get you a red hot small piece of iron and burn a hole in it. Interviewer: I'm gonna test this thing out. I see. {NS} 556: You know what she told about the dolls? Interviewer: Yes. 556: They were rag dolls, and and they would use different colors thread for the hair. Red hair, yellow hair, and they'd paint the faces on. Interviewer: Um. 556: And then dress 'em. Interviewer: She referred to uh her toys as uh as playthings. 556: #1 Yeah, playthings. # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever hear play pretty? # 556: Play pretties. They niggers all called 'em play pretties. Interviewer: #1 I don't see why a white term. # 556: #2 They # They called 'em play pretties. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Play pretties. But there they used to call 'em play pretties. Interviewer: #1 The uh musical instruments uh that that in addition to the flute {NW} that you'd play through uh by moving it back and forth. # 556: #2 Yeah, harp. # Interviewer: Or the one that uh you pluck. 556: That was a Jew's harp. Interviewer: Jew's harp. Uh-huh. 556: Well, we used to have some experts on that Jew's harp. Oh boy. Especially among the niggers. They could really play that thing. We had one nigger he could take a A mouth on a Jew harp or what they call a French harp And he had a lot of pieces. It took him sometimes fifteen or twenty minutes. He had one piece called the uh what is the name of that train leaving Mobile and went to St. Louis? And that man that nigger could play that thing just like a train running. He could imitate sound. And he could start that train off puff puff and he'd pick up and whistle. It was really something. He'd come to town here and he'd for thirty cents, he'd play each on of his piece. If you gave him thirty cents, he'd play it. He had another one he called one uh The Slave Had Escaped and the Blood Hounds Were After Him. And uh and he could put that thing on, those dogs baying, and by the way, a bloodhound is a very inoffensive animal. Don't let anybody tell you the bloodhound tears people up. They're the gentlest animals in the world. And they when they catch you, they don't do a thing but lie down and lick you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: A a bloodhound is the most inoffensive animal on earth. The gentlest animals. They just have that ability and that knack of following scents. But when they catch you, they don't do anything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: If you take some of these books they have you think they'd tear you up course they don't do it. #1 They're perfectly gentle. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. 556: And even-tempered. They're not vicious at all. The finest bloodhounds are the most I guess the most even-tempered dogs you ever saw because they're not vicious at all. #1 And this # Interviewer: #2 It uh it couldn't be high-spirited, or they wouldn't be so the dog ended up the trail on your scent. # 556: Well, he would put on this piece. This slave had escaped and it would trail him with bloodhounds, and his old mother would be crying and whooping. The dogs are barking, and the nigger running. The dumbest thing you ever heard. You it must've taken him about twenty minutes to play that piece, but he got thirty cents for it. Interviewer: Mm. 556: #1 Thirty cents. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What we'd do for a tape recording of that. 556: Oh boy, I've often wondered. That and that train that he he could put on that train to start off puff puff puff puff and it was finally get to going fast, you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And he'd trot far all the way St. Louis. I'd {NW} under this shed in St. Louis, he'd say. And whistle you can get a whistle for the cross and you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The uh that was a uh uh GM and O train 556: #1 Yeah, from Mobile to St. Louis. That # Interviewer: #2 Mobile to # 556: train was called uh I believe he called it the cannon ball. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: This was a fast train cause it only stopped at certain stops. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: The cannon ball. Interviewer: #1 By the way, did they rebel? Was it a a few trains that was that uh # 556: #2 Yeah. # And Mobile to St. Louis. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: And then on to Chicago. They finally went all the way to Chicago. By the way, I rode a cab. {D: And that train was put on like it was ride a cab to Mobile and back.} Apparently it's an experience. Interviewer: Yes, it certainly would be. 556: I blew the whistle. {X} Quite a day. Interviewer: Well, the uh southerner way has five working steam locomotives. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Including one large one running excursions in Kentucky, in particular, and then Virginia this summer. 556: It's coming into {X} sometime this summer. One of those railroad buffs asked me not long ago if I'd come down ride to Mobile with 'em. I'm looking forward to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. When you went uh fishing I don't think we talked about uh did you use boats? 556: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Or? # And what did you call the boats? Were they 556: Skiffs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the the bait for the fish uh 556: Well, we we used crickets and roaches mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: My father was a great fisherman, and we grew up on the lake and the buggy. He was a travel when he was a traveling salesman, I had to paddle the boat, and that's where I got my distaste for fishing. I had to sit in that boat all day and paddle that boat while he would catch the fish. We we'd leave here on Friday. Take along a skillet like that went out there maybe two or three of 'em. Sack of meals and salt and lard and coffee. And we'd go up there and fish all day and catch strange fish about that long. We'd come back to the campsite and clean those fish and he started cooking 'em. Make a big {NS} whole cake of bread and a big pot of coffee and those fish and boy were I seem him eat twenty of 'em. Interviewer: You use any kind of worms? Or what I'm wondering is 556: #1 Well, we did use red worms. We used those, but crickets # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Would they be the uh small 556: #1 The red one was the small ones. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. 556: These other old worms are earthworms. They were the big ones. The red worms were much better if you could get 'em. But it you know it was hard to get 'em. They were hard to find. But we used mostly crickets because they were so plentiful. Crickets and roaches. Interviewer: #1 How bout uh little fish uh what are they called? # 556: #2 Yeah. Minnows? # Interviewer: Yes. 556: Yeah. We used minnows. That was for trout fishing. But he he loved to fish for brim. He'd rather fish for brim than anything cause you'd catch so many more of 'em. You could just you could find a brim bed and you could catch twenty or thirty right quick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: While they were nesting, you know, they what do you call it when they Interviewer: School? 556: No. Interviewer: New school of fish. 556: Fawn spawning. Interviewer: #1 Spawn. Mm-hmm. # 556: #2 When it was spawning. # That's the time to catch 'em. Or could you catch 'em. Interviewer: Uh, what do they how do they what word do they use to get the boat into the water? Do they use the word launch or? 556: Well, they've already launched. They're already in the water. Tied up to a tree or something. The rowboats would be tied with a chain around a tree. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: They're already course you could when you'd put 'em in you you'd launch them, but they were there {NW} already in the water. The boats were already there. Interviewer: And did you play with horseshoes or? 556: Oh yeah. We had horseshoes. Interviewer: Mm. 556: Horseshoes and washers. Interviewer: Did you ever head anybody call a horseshoe game quates or quoits? 556: No. No, not that we just Interviewer: Quates. 556: Yeah, that that is a game alright but they never referred to it by that name. Another thing used to play is cut holes and use these big washers about that long and pitch 'em to the holes. Had three holes and then pitched the washer, these big washers Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 556: #2 That was quite a game. # Interviewer: What uh Uh what which of these terms did you say is a game that you that you know about? Uh. Did did you say kites or quoits or 556: #1 Kates? # Interviewer: #2 No. # 556: We didn't call it either one of those. Cause it was horseshoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And in playing tag, what was uh what was safe? What did you call the place that was safe? 556: Uh bay home base I guess. Interviewer: Base? 556: And uh and whoever was it {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: It If somebody was it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh if you played hide and seek 556: Home free. Interviewer: Home free. And uh what would you do if you got behind a bush and hid. Say, how did you get down? 556: What we would do we all boys all wore hats in those days. We'd get down a bush and swap hats. Interviewer: {NW} 556: Sticks and hide it just the the hat I aw you for one, two, three for so-and-so, and you raise it up and it wasn't that at all. He was home free, see? Interviewer: I see. 556: We swap hats and fooled it yeah up here, you know. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 556: #2 We used to do that all the time and swap hats with # {D: somebody say have a brown hat and somebody black hat and you swap hats with him and poke just the hat out around the corner, right around a bush.} Call one, two, three for so-and-so. Mm-mm, you're wrong. I'm home free. {NW} Interviewer: And and how did you describe your act of getting the behind the bush? Getting down uh the thing I'm looking for there is is scrooch down, scrunch down, hunker down, squat down 556: We'd call it squatting. Interviewer: #1 Squatting? Uh. # 556: #2 We'd squat. We'd squat. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. While we think of this, did you, do you the act of uh men getting down in this part of, you know, down like this at uh not kneeling in this act, to be specific. 556: That was squatting. Interviewer: #1 That's squatting. You never used the word hunker? # 556: #2 Yeah, that's # No. Well, I have heard the term term used hunker down. Interviewer: Hunker down? 556: Hunker down. I've heard that term, but that was used occasionally. Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-mm. 556: Hunker down. Interviewer: What if you saw a man do that today and that that'd be squatting down? 556: That'd be squatting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh if a child went to the teacher with some stories about another child, that child would be known as 556: He was a tattletale. Interviewer: Tattletale? 556: Yes sir. Tattletale tit, your tongue shall be split. Interviewer: #1 Huh. I see. # 556: #2 {NW} # Yeah, tattletale tit's your tongue. That's what we'd holler at him and he {X} Tattletale tit, your tongue will be split. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 556: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And uh the act of turning on the grass over and over. 556: Somersets. Interviewer: And uh. 556: Somersault. Interviewer: How bout uh Oh, it's going swimming Uh what uh how what word did you use for swim? I swim, I swam, I swum. 556: Swum. Interviewer: I swum? 556: Yes. Swum across the river. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And how bout dive? What 556: Dove. Interviewer: Dove? 556: You dove in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And I heard one fellow say he div in. 556: #1 {NW} This this little boy # Interviewer: #2 Div in. Well I I'm interested in # 556: The high water got up around his house down here. He throw one right out I said how was the high water. He said man I could've div in off the back porch. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 556: #2 {NW} Could've div in. # An illiterate, uneducated verb Interviewer: As a matter of fact, uh those verb forms go back 556: Uh, they do. Interviewer: Uh seventeenth century. Uh they're I think what's happened is uh people simply use them and they've been handed down and they just haven't been changed. Uh corrected 556: Well that by the time could've div in the river off his back porch. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Yeah, div in. Well that's a good word up in the up in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Div Interviewer: Sure. 556: And and there's Interviewer: Uh, you can trace it by rhyme schemes. Uh to England and they they were um perfect 556: And there's no such word up there as dev as deev. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: It's uh deev. You take the famous Texan Texas scout Walker Mexican independence was Deef Smith. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: By the way, he's written up to this much magazine. Deef Smith. Interviewer: Yeah uh. 556: And he wasn't Deaf Smith. It was Deef Smith. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Same as scout. Spy. Interviewer: Guess it's odd how uh people will preserve architecture and be really very proud of old forms, you know. But uh they I guess a schoolteacher's uh twang and old forms in language uh tend to be pushed out. 556: #1 Well, they got so engrossed with this speaking. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: Good English, they pushed all those old words out of the language entirely. Interviewer: Right. Uh. 556: #1 Like I was telling you # Interviewer: #2 All all over the country. It's # 556: It was like I was telling you about the boy the He's seeing him and taking after him. Well, that teacher was horrified. Oh boy, did she light him up. And of course he knew better. He was just uh meanness. Interviewer: When it came time to uh meet girls, uh what was the process known as if you became interested in a girl somebody would say well, well I hear he's he's what uh? 556: Make he'd either shining up to her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Or courting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Uh, what else did they use? I know shining up, they used that term. Uh. Now, what else? Interviewer: What would she be known as? Uh, his 556: Well, it's we used the same word then as steady as they use now. They were going steady. Use the word steady. Interviewer: And uh she would be his girlfriend or sweetheart or? 556: Yeah, well, yeah. Interviewer: I wonder what she what he would be to her. How would you refer to him? 556: I've often called heard 'em say He's her boy Friday. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 556: #2 {NW} I've heard that one. Her boy Friday. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Robinson Crusoe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: He her boy Friday. Interviewer: Would you think they use uh girlfriend or boyfriend or not so much? 556: We never use back when I was we didn't use that expression girlfriend and boyfriend. That came on later, I suppose. Because we didn't we didn't use that word those words. Interviewer: So uh he would uh be her steady, and she might be uh 556: There's a there's a and his girl we were just refer to it as his girl But that we didn't say girlfriend and boyfriend. That's I don't know. We just didn't. I don't know why. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How about uh words for kissing? You have any joking words for 556: No. I don't remember any. Interviewer: And going to dances uh what do you remember about them? Were they held in homes or? 556: Yeah. All different places. Home uh had a hall down here they used to have 'em in. Over the bank there was a big vacant hall up there they used to have their dances in that hall. Always had a nigger orchestra. With a bull fiddle and a mandolin and a couple of guitars and possibly a banjo. And always a fiddle. A fiddle player generally carried the solo part and the rest of 'em just joined in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But these wandering colored orchestras used to come through here all the time. They'd get out on the street and get together and start playing. Some guy would jump up always down and dance for that night cause we had no local musicians. That is, no local band. But these wandering nigger orchestras. They just Every so often they'd come through and drop off a train come with always with a big bull fiddle on his back. They'd get on the street and start playing. Of course, the crowd would congregate and the leader of the band would say how bout a dance tonight? We'd like to play for you. How much? Oh, well we'll just take up a collection. Whatever we get will be alright {D: which is what I said} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And they would play and take up a collection. Make a few dollars and move onto the next town. Interviewer: The next town. That's uh. where again that's one regrets the lack of a tape recorder. It'd be great to record those things. 556: Oh boy. Interviewer: Um. How about uh if you ask a girl to a well if you met her at the dance and asked to take her home, how would you say that uh? May I? 556: How bout seeing you home after the dance? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Seeing you home. Interviewer: I'll see you home. 556: Yeah, not take you, see you home. Interviewer: Would you uh ever say carry? You ever carry? 556: Quite often. Let me carry you home. Uh especially if you had a buggy and a good spanking horse. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 556: #2 It was # carry if you could get her in the buggy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: And. 556: By the way, buggies if you didn't have a buggy, you could rent one for fifty cents an hour. Interviewer: Fifty cents? 556: Spanking horse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Had to be uh very careful, though to watch the time because right over to the second hour, it would cost you another fifty cents. {NW} Delivery see we had three big delivery stables staying with us at the time and every Sunday afternoon the boys would wrap nice red-wheeled buggy and a high-stepping horse and take your girl out for a ride. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But as I say, you gotta watch your time. You didn't have a fifty cents, you better watch it. Get back, they'd charge you a dollar. Interviewer: And if uh you proposed {NW} and she said no, people would say I hear she 556: Turned him down. Interviewer: Um but if you got uh uh if she said yes, then you would get what? 556: {NW} She'd took him up. Interviewer: Take him up the? 556: Took him. Interviewer: Uh, what words do you remember for uh married uh say hitched? 556: Got hitched. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh. Any uh dignified term uh what would you say #1 Say the preacher's # 556: #2 Oh, they became engaged first. # And then they were united in marriage. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 556: They became engaged. Interviewer: And uh 556: A long engagement was quite the rule back then. That was a Interviewer: In the wedding, uh who would stand up with you? Uh. 556: Well, uh the wedding party. You would select the best man and the girl would select a ring bearer and a maid of honor or matron of honor. Plus the ushers. The whole crowd was down there. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of waiters or wait men or groomsmen? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Now, 556: Groomsmen. Interviewer: Groomsmen. 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Were they is that synonymous with uh best man? 556: Yeah, any man any who of them who the the groom selected was groomsmen. Whoever he selected uh ushers uh. Best man. I hope not. Interviewer: They were all groomsmen? 556: They were the groomsmen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And they up here the women they uh that the wife would select the girl would select would be. 556: She would select the girls. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you uh recall any noisy celebrations after uh after a wedding? 556: Well, of course they'd have a reception somewhere after the wedding. And sometimes they probably got a little out of hand. Maybe they have especially if they had champagne. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: If I ever got down to watch. Generally were very dignified affairs, though. Interviewer: Would that be true of country weddings, as well? Uh. 556: Yeah, they they kept 'em under control pretty well at our. I only went to but a few, but uh They were pretty dignified affairs it depending on whose home they were in. If they were in some hard-boiled father of the bride's home, they they were pretty pretty dignified. But of course, I guess the especially as I say if they had a can of champagne. Of course, some of the boys would slip have a flask in their hip pocket. But they it didn't get out of hand. Everyone Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a shivaree or a serenade? 556: Shivaree. Interviewer: Shivaree. 556: Shivaree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Oh yeah. They had shivarees. Interviewer: Uh now what was on at a shivaree? 556: Well, generally some Uh uh. Quartet would go around singing over town and maybe have a mandolin, a banjo, or so. They'd go to a house. Generally it wasn't even looking for 'em. They'd drop in, you know, and start the music. Just a little party just Interviewer: How rowdy uh 556: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 556: Nothing rowdy. Call 'em another name for 'em was storm parties. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: It wasn't there wasn't supposed to know they were coming. But generally they did. They called 'em storm parties. And the would storm 'em with the quartet and the orchestra or whatever musical instruments they had, and And Interviewer: That's interesting, and in some sections they got to be very rowdy. 556: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 All kinds of # 556: #1 As I say, it all depended altogether on whose house it was. And had you come in my father's house started a thing this rowdy # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: Would've got thrown head over heels of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I had a good-looking sister and they {NW} They were very decorous around there because he was a big double-jointed man and they I guess they dared not get rowdy with him because they didn't know what'd happened to 'em. When they got thrown out on the air. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When uh the wife became pregnant, what was the word that they'd 556: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 use {NS} # 556: Boy, she never showed her face out of the door for months. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How would they re how would people refer 556: #1 They'd tell they'd tell you she's not going out. # Interviewer: #2 to her? I hear that she's # She's not going out? 556: They use that word. She's not, you know, she's not going out. Interviewer: #1 She's not # 556: #2 That meant she's pregnant, see? Yeah. Not going out. # That that meant she was pregnant. Interviewer: And uh. 556: And uh and as most of 'em said in a family way. Interviewer: I see. 556: There in a family way course the that uh the class would say she's not going out, but others would say she's in a family way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Especially the colors they use out on the they still use it the Interviewer: And if uh she had a an older woman attend to her while she's 556: Well, they had midwives or and course after after a number of years of midwives they got they were put under the jurisdiction of the state health department. They they uh were very strict on it. They had meetings and they uh. They informed them what to do, you know. All kinds of things. They didn't some registered nurse would talk to them and They have a license. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And it was just hit or miss back for years, but uh they formally they got 'em into uh groups and would uh some rested nurse, some state nurse would talk to 'em, and unless they they uh they weren't gonna let ya unless you were doing and you were gonna do it properly. Interviewer: Did they every use the word granny? 556: Oh yeah. Yeah. Granny. Granny woman. Interviewer: Granny woman? 556: Yeah, she's granny woman. That was used. Interviewer: #1 And on both plates in {X} # 556: #2 Yeah, that was uninstructed midwifes. Right before they some kind of regulation on 'em. Yeah, they were granny women. # Interviewer: {D: And did they uh did a woman uh fetch a grace rear?} What the children 556: As I heard it a fellow say once he was jerked up. {NW} He wasn't raised; he was jerked up. Interviewer: I see. 556: And they had They had different classes of babies. They had lap babies, knee babies, yard babies, dirt babies. Interviewer: I see. 556: Yard babies he'd looking around the yard, you know. Lap babies, you couldn't put him down and the floor baby would crawl around the floor. Yard baby go out in the yard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh did you remember people uh calling their children kids? 556: Oh chaps. Interviewer: #1 Chaps. # 556: #2 Kids, yep. # They still use that word chap down here in the country right now. I heard a fellow say the other day he got an Indian family living on his place And said they didn't have a heating house. Says yes, sweetheart, what about your chaps? Don't they get cold? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 556: #2 Being children. Called them chaps. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh the word pacile? 556: Pacile. That means a whole lot. Pacile of a thing. That means a heap of 'em. Pacile. Interviewer: You would name a child what uh after for or if a child was named for a he had the same name as his father, you say you named the child 556: After his daddy. He'd be a junior. Interviewer: And uh. The child is illegitimate, what was a polite word 556: He's a woods colt. Interviewer: Woods colt. Uh-huh. 556: He's a woods colt. Uh oh boy. Interviewer: And uh the uh child without parents? With both parents dead. 556: Well, course I guess I don't know if I have a name except for orphan. Orphan, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: All that I know about that one. Interviewer: And did uh the court appoint someone to look after 556: Well unless unless yeah well unless he was formally adopted. Of course a lot of well I tell you the way the niggers they just give their children away. Did you know my grandmother and grandfather owned the Harvey House there? This this woman had a whole flock of she did my grandfather, too. Two children. Just take care of them. She couldn't take care of them and course they just became a little boy and girl. Brothers and sisters. She just gave 'em to 'em. Says I can't take care of all these children. And they lived with 'em till they were grown. Interviewer: Mm. Mm. They um 556: They trained 'em, you know, to do various things. They train the girl to be a good cook and a laundress and the boy the grandfather took him and he got to go he was one of the best farmhands on the place. Expert at plowing and handling horses and mules. Riding. He was a wonderful rider. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: He and I one night I thought it was about the smartest thing in the world. So one night we had a tent and we went over and camped out one night way out in the back of the pasture. A beautiful moonlight night and He woke up about midnight and called me said let's take a ride. I said what we gonna ride on? There's plenty of horses out there in the field. I said what we haven't got a bridle. Said we don't need a bridle saddle, so I got a rope. We went out and caught two of those horses and tied the shorter rope around their lower jaw. {NW} I'll never forget what a fool thing we did. We got on those horses, and we galloped across the fields. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Went by a house, and I remember a clothes line got caught and flipped me off the horse. But of all fool things, me and that nigger would jump and got those two horses and we just went flying. Bare back. Nothing but a rope. You can keep a control of a horse with just a rope. Sort of loop around its lower jaw. Just a short rope. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Fool thing we did. Interviewer: Um. To put a baby in something {NW} to uh take it out on something on wheels, what was that called and what was the act uh 556: Well, of course there were go carts and baby carriages and And there were perambulator. We never heard of that one. Interviewer: What about later? 556: They were called go carts. Now how they got that name, I don't know. Interviewer: What did uh you do? Put the baby in the baby carriage and what would you do? Take him out? 556: Take him out of Interviewer: Uh. You wheel a baby or ride rolling? 556: We'd take him out yeah you could wheel him around the block or uh round the road. Interviewer: You never heard anyone say roll a baby? 556: Yeah. I did. They rolled him, wheeled him. Yeah, I've heard that used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And different parts of the body uh here this part. Any distinctive name? 556: We used to call it the goozle. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 556: #2 {NW} # You ever hear that word? Interviewer: Uh. I'm not sure what it means. I have heard it, but I'm not sure. 556: Adam's apple. Interviewer: It is the Adam's apple. 556: Yeah, the same as Adam's apple. Interviewer: I see, and this part uh above the 556: Well, you know when they said forehead, we thought they were kinda didn't know what they're talking about. Forehead, you know. A lot of older people called it forehead. And I guess they still do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I"ll bet it's used right now. Forehead. That's a good word. Interviewer: Other than brow. 556: Yeah, brow or forehead. I guess that's a good word. Forehead. It is the front of your head. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This part of a man 556: That was a chest. {NW} Interviewer: And uh the part that the the teeth go down in. 556: That's the jawbone. Interviewer: And and the flesh above the bone. 556: Oh when it hung down I've heard it called a waddles. #1 {NS} Like on a turkey {NS} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # And the on a man is this pink flesh 556: #1 Uh gums. # Interviewer: #2 Cheek, tooth. # Uh-huh. 556: And they always said if a blue-gummed nigger bites you, he'll kill you. {NW} We got blue-gummed nigger. You know, if you if you ever read uh William what's that book that guy wrote about William William didn't tell. They got a cook called aunt blue-gum tempy. {NW} Cook was named blue-gum tempy cause he had blue gums. Named blue-gum tempy. If a blue-gummed nigger ever bites you for they'll kill you. {NW} And I think they're right to believe that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: The blue-gum tempy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. This part uh 556: That's the palm of your hand. Interviewer: And uh a boy would raise one 556: That's his fist. Interviewer: And two 556: Hmm? Interviewer: And he'd raise one fist or two 556: Well well that was just that's just your fist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Think did you ever hear uh anyone say two fistus? 556: #1 Oh yeah. Theys they'd alway refer to a powerful # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 556: Powerful man would alway call he's a two-fisted man. He was a powerful big strap. Never heard it called something of a little fellow. It was always a big man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Them two-fisted fellow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh this part uh where you don't wanna get kicked? 556: That's your shin bone. Interviewer: Shin. Would you ever hear anyone say that that was your uh shank? 556: Oh yeah. Yeah, that was Interviewer: Is that the shank? 556: Very common expression. The shank. Interviewer: From the 556: I always thought the shank meant the back back of your leg. Interviewer: Between the knee and 556: Yeah, right between the knee and the ankle. Interviewer: I see, and uh How about the the entire leg for uh was there a blank name for that? 556: Hmm. I heard 'em referred to as your pins. Interviewer: Your pins? 556: Underpinning. Interviewer: Would uh would you remember anyone saying limb for that as a more delicate term? 556: Well, maybe the educated ladies said it, but we never used the word limb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: If I'd have said it, I right right right Interviewer: There was no embarrassment, but uh 556: #1 No, you're leg. # Interviewer: #2 Talk uh # Could either man or woman uh 556: No, not that I that I ever heard of. Interviewer: And if uh someone been well and suddenly uh became ill, you say I heard that she suddenly what sick? #1 {NW} # 556: #2 Well, yeah. # Interviewer: Suddenly uh took sick or was took sick. 556: Well, the illiterate ones say taken sick. Taken sick or in fact, the niggers still say that use that word taken sick. Interviewer: Mm. #1 Taken down? # 556: #2 Or taken down. They use the words taken down. He's taken down. He's tooken # He's took down with pneumonia or took down with smallpox, as the case may be. Interviewer: I see. 556: Down with something. They always use that expression. He's down with it. Interviewer: Do you uh remember some old uh responses to the familiar question how are you? 556: Oh gosh. Interviewer: Uh uh any interesting uh 556: {NW} One one expression used to use they'd say I heard my grandfather use it. How you feeling, doctor? He said I'm on a mighty low limb. They used that expression. I'm roosting on a mighty low limb today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: #1 That meant he was kinda down. Roosting on a mighty low limb. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} That's a wonderful expression. Uh-huh. # Uh, anybody say middling? 556: Oh, I just middling. Middling fair. You know, you get grade cotton. You know, the different grades of cotton. And middling cotton is uh just average. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: #1 And you say I'm just middling and that meant you were just average, see? # Interviewer: #2 Just average. # I see. 556: Like the graded cotton, middling cotton is just uh probably the average cotton. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Oh, I'm middling he'd say. Oh, I'm middling fair or Pert as a cat bird. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Different expressions like that. Interviewer: Uh, I like that uh Mighty low limb. 556: Yeah, roosting on a mighty low I heard my grandfather say it many times. Oh, I'm roosting on a mighty low limb today. Interviewer: I think I'm gonna use that from time to time. 556: #1 And the word pert. I'm very pert. You very pert today? Oh yeah, I'm pert. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. 556: Very pert. Interviewer: By the way, if a young girl were uh very lively, what would they call her? That'd be pert or? 556: She would be pert, yes sir. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Very pert. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That's right. Interviewer: That's a tiny squirrel over there. 556: #1 There's a lot of # Interviewer: #2 Baby # 556: Got a lot of 'em around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Yeah, she was this was just as pert as she could be. Interviewer: And uh if you have a 556: A other uppity was another one they used. Uppity. Interviewer: Now how was that used? Uh. 556: If anybody got a little high, you know, and kind of lorded over somebody, she's getting mighty uppity. Interviewer: I see. 556: She's thinks she somebody. Went off to college and come back now here she's all uppity. Thinks she's smarter than we are. Uppity. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That was quite a common word back in the old days. Uppity. You never hear it anymore, but I heard that word used a many a time. Interviewer: And if you had a deep cut, the uh and it became infected and you had this kind of uh raised up area around it, what would that be called? 556: Well, I it used to get what they'd call proud flesh in a wound. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: And all we had an old woman out here was a practical nurse, and she was always telling me about proud flesh and I never found out what exactly she was talking about. Interviewer: What'd she call it? 556: Proud flesh she'd say in a wound. I guess that was Interviewer: That's good. Was did she happen to be colored? 556: #1 No, she was white. Old Irish woman. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. Uh-huh. # A um colored man said well that's hard fresh. 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh he {X} Transposed the R and the L uh. 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I been wondering if you ever heard 556: No, I never heard that one. Interviewer: {NS} And uh did you use something to paint scratches uh as a child when you were young or 556: There well what we used mostly was turpentine. Interviewer: I see. 556: They had no I that I never heard of iodine. We used tur- eh turpentine was in there you cut yourself with anything, hurt yourself, you put turpentine on it right away. Interviewer: I see. 556: I used to I've cut my foot and I've cut my hand And this old same old woman this same old Irish woman would get uh She'd get cobwebs out of the chimney with soot on it and put on it and wrap around it. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: It worked alright, too. It always got well. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: But we uh turpentine was our standard remedy for everything. Interviewer: And if a pimple uh got very large and very sore, 556: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That'd be a 556: You mean a boil or we called 'em risings. Interviewer: Risings. 556: Rise, that was a rising. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And inside the um Boil Was the core and uh the material in there around the core was would be all 556: Pus. Interviewer: Pus. 556: Mm-hmm. Yeah, you get your core. I had 'em a many one boil. I got the scar there right now. Had a dirty one right there. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: {X} But you gotta get the core out he would try to Interviewer: Uh. And uh in a blister, what would be the material in a blister? 556: They usually used to some doctors used to blister people. You know that? Interviewer: No, I didn't. 556: Yeah, they blister 'em. Blister blister their chest. Terrible blisters. They used some sort of mustard plasters on 'em. Interviewer: Mm. 556: Uh, and these mustard plasters would raise a terrific blister. I know I saw a first cousin of mine blistered once with 'em. Golly. I don't know what they thought it would do just like they used to bleed 'em. Fact, that's what killed George Washington. Bled him four times in one day, and all he had was a little cold. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did uh you ever hear that the material inside a blister called uh water or humor? 556: Or the water is called water blisters. They called 'em water blisters. Interviewer: And the old name for arthritis was? 556: Oh gosh. They didn't know what arthritis was. It was all rheumatism in those days. Any pain you had in the world you had was rheumatism. Interviewer: How would people was describe the part of the body where they get rheumatism? Would they say my my 556: Joints. Interviewer: {X} 556: Or joints. I got rheumatism in my joints. Joints. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You mentioned the whooping cough. Did uh youngsters have much of that uh very sore throat like going 556: Well, I had uh a one of my grandfather's other children died of diphtheria. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Yeah, they had diphtheria. One of 'em choked to death on a butter bean. My grandfather had nine children. The first four died before they were twelve years old. Whooping cough, diphtheria, one of 'em choked to death on a butter bean. I've forgotten what the other one had, but Interviewer: And how about uh some ailment that would make your skin turn yellow? Uh, the eyes yellow. 556: Oh, that was yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Jaundice? Uh-huh. 556: Yellow jaundice, yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: And uh if somebody ate something {NW} didn't agree with him, you'd say, well, he got sick where? 556: Uh. You know, they they they didn't know what food poison by by the way back in those days, they felt you could get tin poisoning. If you opened the can, you had to get it our right quick, you'd have tin poisoning. Course it's ridiculous now. But my mother used to open a can of salmon. Get it out quick. You'll have tin poison. {NS} She'd have been horrified today if she could see us get a can of salmon hash and put it in the refrigerator and leave it in the can. They had the idea the tin would poison you. Course it didn't. The food Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 556: #2 spoiled and you had food poisoning. # Interviewer: Mm. 556: #1 But they thought it was the tin that caused it. # Interviewer: #2 Tin caused it. # 556: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Mm-hmm. 556: It's not a tin can at all. It was steel cans, maybe it had a skim of tin on it, but they had the idea that this tin poison was deadly stuff. Interviewer: If they got food poisoning, they would get sick. 556: Oh, they had the belly ache then. Bad. Interviewer: Would they get sick on the stomach or to the stomach? 556: Well, they they they'd say sick at the stomach. Or sicks to some of 'em would say sicks to sick to the stomach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh 556: Sick of the stomach. Interviewer: If they would bring food up this uh what was a serious word and what was a joking word for that? 556: Well, the serious word was regurgitate, I suppose. And they would say everything you eat comes back. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: In fact, I was talking to a fellow with that sure do that right now His wife told me the other day she says I just can't make him go see a doctor says everything he eats comes right back. So Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I guess that meant regurgitate the food. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. The uh different uh references to colds uh uh suppose you lost your voice, you'd say he's mighty Um. He lost his voice. How'd he talk? 556: Yeah, I got that got that way myself once. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Uh. Mm. Interviewer: After you lose your voice, what would you call it? 556: Trying to think. Interviewer: {X} Common term is probably hoarse, but uh I was wondering 556: I know they were hoarse, but hoarseness is not the same thing as losing your voice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: You got hoarse, your voice got raspy, you know, and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Of course, they used the word hoarse a whole lot. {NS} Interviewer: And would he uh catch a cold or took cold or? 556: You take a cold, yeah. Take a cold. That you Interviewer: Then you'd get a something in your chests {NS} Any words for For a cough a cough uh 556: Well, you have a chest you have a chest cold. Interviewer: Mm. 556: And a rasping cough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Well, they used to call it a cough. A rasping cough. Interviewer: And if you were throat was so sore, you could hardly take medicine, you say you can hardly 556: Hardly swallow. Interviewer: {X} swallow. 556: My grandfather used to say He was a doctor he'd say as long as you got a moving pain, don't worry about it. Said as long as it moves, don't worry. Says if it stops, then you got to worry. Interviewer: I see. 556: The lower your pain moves, there won't be Interviewer: Uh. And what would they give for malaria? 556: The quinine. Uh he he had saddle bags on his car on his horse, I mean. You know behind the little bottles were stuck in a kit leather case. He sold leather cases and give my If I just knew what came of it. But his {X} Quinine, cast oil, and a tonic he prepared himself. But Everybody had to take a course of calomel. Horrible stuff. But there in the spring yard they had a good course of calomel. Course and for fever, quinine was about all they had. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Me and one of 'em I used to fill the cap stools right. We'd pour we bought the quinine in bulk and would pour it out on a marble slab and take the little cap stools. You seen cap stools. Put 'em in a little round box. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: That was a sovereign remedy for a fever. Any kind of fever. Quinine. We Interviewer: That'd break the fever by making you what? Uh Would you say he sweated hard or he sweat hard? Or 556: Yeah well yeah I would sweat the fever out. Now, we went to see a colored family one day and I'm sure it's time for a fever. And they had him on the bed packed in green peach tree leaves. They had gone out and gathered and it was cover the mattress with these leaves and covered him with leaves. He was such burning fever and by the way, back in those days, they never called a doctor till they were practically dead. So we drove about ten miles over to the place and they had him packed in peach tree leaves, and I'm sure it was {X} But I ask him I said grandpa, what good in Well, he said well It cooled his body off. It might have helped him. That it uh He was hot and burning up and it cooled him off with these leaves. Interviewer: Hmm. 556: Yeah, and he'd give him a good dose of quinine and {NW} it would generally break the fever. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Course a lot of times it didn't. Interviewer: Uh, you mentioned uh the negro term pass. Uh, what would be the more general term the white man would use? 556: Well, they say died. Interviewer: He died. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Even though he'd widowed? I'm sorry, John. 556: Passed away. Interviewer: Passed away. 556: But the niggers left that away off. They just said he just passed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: They didn't put the away on it at all. Interviewer: And any uh joking or crude terms for dying uh {NW} 556: Well, yeah. I remember one. They used to say turned up his toes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Still? 556: Turned up his toes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: I remember that one. Interviewer: And what was the box they put them in? Uh. 556: That was a coffin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And did they put the coffin in something in the grave or was it just? {X} 556: Well, it generally well the cheap ones were just a caught and they put it in just in a pine box. It went inside a box, a pine box. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And the top was screwed down on it. Interviewer: And uh {NW} someone died, say what is the matter? You say well I don't know what he died. 556: {NW} Died of or with even. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Or what killed him. Interviewer: And uh if his widow wore black, she was showing 556: She was in mourning. And they always wore black. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: In fact, all white people yeah put on black immediately. Now they they were weren't {D: Indian} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Well, they they didn't some black clothes, get 'em right quick. Interviewer: And the ceremony would be called uh 556: Well, they they used to have a wake, you know. They'd sit up with 'em all night did it before the days of funeral homes. You know, some of the neighbors come and sit up all night with 'em with the dead person. Done do many night. Interviewer: Well, was the ceremony ever ever called a burying? 556: Well, yeah. It was called a burying and and right the day the colored people called preaching the funeral. And it may be a month after the man died. Or three weeks. It don't make any difference. They gonna bury him, you see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And then they preach his funeral. I talked to a colored friend of mine who went to one out in the country and said I believe he said they had six it was very prominent that they had six or eight preachers out there. And I said well what'd they talk about? He said I don't know. Said I went to sleep before the first one got through and said I don't know what he talked about. He said there's so many and they took so long, said I slept through most of it. Said he went to sleep. And they had six or eight and they all had to get up and talk about him. And he went to sleep. He didn't know nothing about what they said when he woke up he said they were about through about two or three hours later. {NW} That was called preaching the funeral. Interviewer: Oh. 556: And maybe only met him once. See? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: And but they have a big day of preach the funeral. Interviewer: And the place where he was buried 556: #1 That's the graveyard. # Interviewer: #2 the old days # Graveyard. Now, a cemetery's pretty much replaced that. 556: Yeah, a cemetery now sometimes it was called a bone yard. Interviewer: Oh, is that right? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: That would be a kind of joke, wouldn't it? 556: Yeah, that's yeah that meant it was a graveyard, but I heard it referred to as the bone yard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Took him to the bone yard. Interviewer: Different ways of of commenting on characteristics of people a young man who's very muscular, uh you say well he's 556: Strapping. Interviewer: Strapping? 556: Yeah, he's a strapping fellow. Interviewer: And somebody who worked very hard. Very tired. Say I'm all 556: Tuckered out. Interviewer: And uh somebody who's been ill uh and first time you see him out, you say well he's out, but he looks mighty 556: Oh yeah. Yeah, what is the word they use that looks mighty Well, they use the word weak or shaky or spindly or different expressions. Interviewer: Like peakered do you ever hear 556: Peakered. Yeah, they use the word peakered if he's pale. Interviewer: Uh {NW} 556: Peakered. Interviewer: #1 And if a # 556: #2 Shaky # Interviewer: teenage boy is growing so fast uh 556: He's feeling his oats. Interviewer: I see. And if he's sort of awkward, you'd say he's awfully 556: #1 Yeah. Bumblefooted. # Interviewer: #2 He's awfully what he's what but he'll grow out of it # I'm sorry I 556: Bumblefooted. Interviewer: Uh, bumblefooted? 556: Yeah, bumblefooted. He's awkward, he falls over everything with his feet. Interviewer: And you mentioned the word pert. Uh 556: Pert. Interviewer: #1 If an old person gets around very well, you say for his age, he's mighty # 556: #2 Yeah. # Yeah, mighty pert. Eh pert. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. It'd be the same thing. Somebody who's uh very likable uh 556: #1 Well, he's a hail hail fellow well met. # Interviewer: #2 What's his position? # But on the other hand, if he's difficult to reason with, he's 556: Well, I've heard them say he often is a jackass. Interviewer: I see. 556: {NW} Interviewer: Uh, you ever hear pig-headed? Uh 556: Oh yeah. Pig-headed. I've heard that plenty. They still use that. Interviewer: Mule-headed? 556: Pig-headed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Mule-headed. Yeah, they still use pig-headed all the time. Still use that. Interviewer: Would they ever call him bunctious? 556: Yeah, if he got too streperous. Same word as obstreperous. Interviewer: #1 It is. Was bunctious is that a bad sort of? # 556: #2 {X} # #1 Oh, that's not as not at all you say some fellow is just obstreperous or uh bunctious. # Interviewer: #2 Is that a {X} characteristic? # Uh-huh. 556: Same thing. Interviewer: And uh if he's pretty short-tempered {NW} either man or woman is very easily hurt, he's gotta better be careful with him because he is awful awfully 556: Touchy. Interviewer: Touchy? 556: Touchy or got to be handled with kid glove like a fellow told me once this fellow has to be handled with kid gloves. He was touchy. Interviewer: Did you ever hear touchous? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} Is that the same? 556: Touchous same as touchy. He's touchy, very touchy. You mustn't say these things to him. He's so touchy, see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: He'll get offended. Interviewer: And if he gets more than offended, then he might get 556: #1 He get he gets mad then. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. And you might say to him alright just I was joking just keep 556: Well, you keep And now they say keep your cool, but we just we had had never heard of that expression and we didn't we just said then keep your shirt on. Interviewer: #1 Keep your shirt on. Keep calm. # 556: #2 Yeah, yeah. # Keep your shirt on. That meant calm down. Keep your shirt on. {NW} Interviewer: And if uh if a woman uh didn't keep house very well, 556: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 Or if # the man left money around uh lost it say they're awfully 556: Well, they were awfully careless. They uh Interviewer: Uh what what other word do you use for that? 556: Of course a bad housekeeper was just about the worst thing they could be uh were bad housekeepers. You didn't keep a good house, didn't keep the beds made up or the dishes washed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Oh boy. She got talked about. Interviewer: I see. The uh do people ever {NW} you were hesitant to say uh hesitant to call anybody or say even somebody else uh he's a fool with that fool Uh what about the word queer? Is that uh 556: {NW} Well, queer, you know, was two different ways, you know. Now, they the queer the way we speak of a queer, you know what they're talking about. {NW} But back in those days, the if anybody was queer they were just it was peculiar, see? Just a peculiar person. Interviewer: How disagreeable a term was that? Uh, were there 556: #1 It wasn't especially disagreeable. It just meant that they had # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 556: They were different from you. Interviewer: Mm. 556: #1 Anybody that was different from you was considered queer or peculiar. They didn't look a thing like you did or I, that's a queer person. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I see. 556: I believe so-and-so and he's uh he believes the opposite, so he he's queer person. Interviewer: So it really wasn't a serious 556: No, it wasn't serious. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Back in those days. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh uh if somebody was anxious, you say well she's always she always seems to be so very 'un- Uh would you say uneasy or Or 556: Well, like I heard a nigger say once that he tried to write but it was such uneasy business he never couldn't do it. Interviewer: Uneasy. 556: It's uneasy, he said. It was uneasy business. {X} Interviewer: In other words, business that uh 556: Kinda questionable {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: Uh he said it was uneasy business. Trying to write, he said. Interviewer: I see. 556: {NW} Uneasy. Interviewer: The um the um different parts of the church service um um the uh music, sermon, any recollections about that in the old days? How long would they preach? Was it called a service? I mean 556: Well, yeah it was called a sermon and the old some of those old preachers would put them on and you know I used to suffer through them when I was a kid and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: So a preacher went on, and I despised him when he got up and said firstly and then I knew there was a secondly coming and a thirdly and and a fourthly. Oh lord. A fellow told me the other day. He said now {D: this you know this Cary College down here} And he spoke at this college. He was he had gone to school at Cary College, took up each one of the letters. C for courage and on down. He took about an hour and a half to get through Cary. Said he walked down the hall and had a fellow on his knees praying. Says son, what you praying for? Said I'm just thanking the lord you didn't go to the University of Southern Mississippi. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 556: #2 We would've been here all night. # {NW} C for courage, A for attitude R for righteousness, and each one would take about thirty minutes. Thanking the lord he didn't go to the University of Southern Mississippi. {NW} Interviewer: You take care. 556: Will this will this interfere with that? Interviewer: I don't think so. Uh I can I can uh 556: #1 I can see. We can get a little clip. # Interviewer: #2 Clean it up # 556: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Interviewer: Did you ever hear that uh {D: clock towers} used X? 556: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Oh yeah, black-eyed peas. Interviewer: New Years. 556: Yeah, you'd take a last New Years away down at Whiteman's Cafe in Richmond they brought us a side bowl of {X} black-eyed peas. Without ordering it. They serve it every New Years. Interviewer: I see. 556: And many of the cafes do that. Without ordering. Supposed to be good luck. Interviewer: I see. We talked about uh about the uh use of of uh of pictures that either away a professor when you went to college. Still uh walked past a graveyard uh were the we used the word candid, right? Haints. 556: Haints. Interviewer: Haints and uh haunts. 556: Haints and never say haunted. It hainted. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh this and haints used agents agents of the devil. 556: No, no. That's no. A haint is merely the de- the spirit of the departed person. Say you're hainted. That don't mean no. #1 It just means # Interviewer: #2 I don't think it # {NW} necessarily evil. 556: No, no. Haint's good folks. Depending how good the man was before he died. Interviewer: I see. 556: I've heard it many one say if you don't do so-and-so, I'm gonna haint you. Interviewer: I see. {X} 556: Gonna haint you if you don't behave. {NS} Interviewer: Did the uh {NW} a person refer to uh what they would use for devil? 556: Hoo doo. You know, the voodoo. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: I never heard it called hoo doo. They called it hoo doo. {NS} Oh yeah. They Interviewer: What would uh you say to a child? You better be good, or 556: Better be good. Uh. Well, they generally had somebody that was that passed away that was rather evil. I know this nigger boy I tell you my grandfather the man that formerly owned his house was a man named Smith. Old man Smith. {NS} And he was always telling him you don't look out, old man Smith's gonna get you. Interviewer: I see. 556: See him upstairs. {D: I tell you by the second third it was handy.} Old man Smith's up there. If you don't watch out, old man Smith's gonna get you. {D: Either of us could've put a rough tack.} Interviewer: The uh ever seen the {D: boogey man} or? 556: Mm-hmm. Boogey bear. That was a favorite term to the kids. Boogey bear. Boogey bear'll get you. Interviewer: They talked about a force of evil in the church. What was how did they refer to in church. It'd be God versus 556: Well, they used to refer to him as Satan, the Devil, and the lower regions, and so on. {NS} Interviewer: A trip to uh town was see might go to uh they call places for books uh. Names or that special word? 556: For what? Interviewer: A place where they can check out books or read uh 556: There's no such place. Interviewer: There wasn't? Well, I looked around today. Is there a library? 556: Oh yeah. Fine library now. No such, no such thing in my day. Interviewer: I see. 556: You bought your books you wanted. Interviewer: And uh how about the railroad station? Uh is it known as uh right to be a train or? 556: Depot. Interviewer: {D: That's a de-?} 556: Yeah. Depot. Was quite a place in its day. We used to have a one time we had six passenger trains nearly everyday. And numerous freight trains. Course, back in those days a freight train wasn't so many cars. Now they put on just as many units as they want to. I saw a train a freight train coming the other day must've been two miles long. Had on five units. Each one of them was twenty-five hundred horsepower. And one one engineer had synchronized his throttle, so he could control all those engines with one throttle. Interviewer: Break that up, you get plenty 556: Oh. Interviewer: Smoother. 556: Well, you you'd see the old locomotive you take a sixty-car train with a steam engine, that was a pretty good train. And eighty cars were exceptional. That felt uh crowded. P-E-C crowded. Pull eighty cars crowded. Frame was called the rain road then But eighty cars, you never saw unless they were empty. Interviewer: The uh if you have uh a town of hotels X 556: Yes, we had a always had a good hotel until it burned about two or three years ago. Had a fine hotel and cafe. It burned. Interviewer: {D: A place where your tailored coat uh.} 556: That was a lyceum. Interviewer: Lyceum? 556: Yeah, and they had one here. It built back well I remember the first show. The first traveling shows in the old lyceum. I remember my grandfather taking me in there. I couldn't have been over five years old. The lyceum. And by the way, that that that cut in that word lyceum was cut into marble. It stayed there. They tore that old building down. The post office is there now. That was where the lyceum stood. And they had many traveling traveling shows and musicals before the days of the movies course the movie knocked all that out of business. Interviewer: Can you talk about going to the theater or what or how was uh 556: Going to the show. Interviewer: Going to the show? 556: Yeah. It was in a theater, but this was called a lyceum. Interviewer: Lyceum. And if somebody had to carry something, it was very heavy. It was so heavy, you could hardly 556: Lug it, tote it, pack it. Interviewer: Uh. 556: Different terms for Interviewer: A person who sold something uh for less he paid for it so well it's it's real cheap, the person who's selling it had a 556: What is that? A discount. Interviewer: Or a loss. 556: Loss, yeah. Interviewer: Or on the other hand, if if the price was too high, somebody might say no I can't it it's uh 556: Out of my reach. Interviewer: Out of your reach. 556: Yeah, out of my reach. They're reaching too high. Interviewer: First day of the month, the bill would be 556: Due. Interviewer: Uh and you paid the bill would you give uh give any merchant to somebody if somebody paid a large bill. 556: Oh yeah. Yeah. Lagniappe Interviewer: Is that right? 556: Uh lagniappe. Interviewer: And to one of those difficult things to {D: whistle} Uh that true? I don't believe I ever People remember but they can't remember the term. 556: Lagniappe for sure. It's a lagniappe. Lagniappe uh that's very uh when you Well, I know at events, the niggers all the always they bought something, they they wanted lagniappe had to give 'em give 'em something. Interviewer: Would they use that word? 556: Well, they didn't not possibly not, but they'd always hold out their hand you know just yeah they knew the system alright. They'd buy something, you'd have to buy them a stick of candy or a cookie or something, you know. But lagniappe was they expected a lagniappe go ahead and trade five hundred dollars a man paid it by give it past due I remember the first set of clothes I ever bought, you know. Back in my day, putting on long pants was quite an event in a boy's life. So I decided one day after school ended in June that I was gonna put on long pants in September. So I worked the whole summer trotting down to this clothing store decided the night and gave the fellow two or three dollars. And finally one day he said well you've got enough now for your suit. Don't know what I paid him for it. So I went down to get the suit, and he got the suit and he threw in a shirt, a neck tie, and a pair of socks. Lagniappe. But the socks was only ten cents a pair then. And the shirt was fifty cents. And the tie was a quarter, so. Wasn't so much a lagniappe. Interviewer: {X} if you bring {X} if you bring somebody whoever it be, {X} if a sister {X} his grandfather had something his grandfather used to give. It was a very handsome uh piece uh with his merchant's name {X} 556: Yeah. Well they had they had things like that that's I have something down at the museum now. A hardware merchant gave her a little bank in the shape of a pig. Piggy bank. Pay your bill, he'd give you a piggy bank. Different things like that. You, just little things. Interviewer: You ever hear that uh called {X} 556: No. Interviewer: {X} delighted to uh that was a custom and it was widely uh widely 556: Pretty widely used. Uh this is uh Up until a few years ago there's the man had a store had a store sign in front of his store and he'd say each time you'd pay your bill, he'd uh draw you a Coca Cola lagniappe. Always gives you free but no matter what the bill was. Two dollars, three dollars, or fifty dollars you'd always have a Coca Cola. Do it in a glass, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You said that yesterday that a customer's still uh 556: No, it's the beautiful old customers died about died out now. Interviewer: Uh, if you didn't have money, you'd go to somebody and try to 556: Try to get credit. Interviewer: Credit uh 556: Trust me till so-and-so. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If they used the term borrow, how would they say it? 556: Borrow. Interviewer: Loan, uh. 556: Loan. Uh take a loan. Loan it to so-and-so. Want to borrow so much. Interviewer: And if you asked somebody for money, they say no, I'm sorry, money today is so 556: Money is scarce. Hard to get. Money is scarce or tight. Money is tight. I heard 'em use that word. Money is tight. Interviewer: Was tight. If somebody uh had money but he was uh reluctant to ever uh give it away, he was known as a 556: As a miser. Or stingy or words to that effect. Interviewer: Tight wad. 556: Tight wad. That was a good word. Yeah, I told you about the old man around the church up there. Uh, near the church. We called his still grab-all because he grabbed everything he could get. Grab-all. Interviewer: Go ahead and on the table uh how would people talk X church or the whole community? 556: Finally the whole thing got to being known as grab-all. Fact, in fact I didn't the the right name of the church was Bethesda. But that place was known as grab-all the whole time I was growing up. Where are you going to church next Sunday? Going to grab-all. Interviewer: It became known in the community. 556: The story long since these exist burned down and the that old man was gone, but they still called it grab-all. Fact, they still do. Still referred by some of the people. It's still called grab-all. Like they say country settlement it's the proper name is Prairie Point, but everybody calls it Ho Guy. Interviewer: {X} 556: Well, it how it got the name, I don't know. But it's Ho Guy. {NW} Interviewer: And uh the if if you uh a woman wore a dress and you were raised in X, that'd be paired or take home. 556: They wrapped it in in uh paper. With string around it. Just lay it on the counter, fold it up, tear a piece of paper off the roll and rip it off. Put a string around it. Interviewer: And uh the term fetch and kempt and by and X those you'd say a fetch be 556: Yeah, still use it. My daddy always hauled his he'd ever kill a bird, he'd haul it to his dog and say fetch! That dog knew what he meant. Say fetch, the dog'd go pick up the dead bird and bring it. Interviewer: Would go to the name, place, offer to go fetch it. 556: Oh yeah, he'd fetch it. Yeah, that's it's it's still used. Interviewer: Still uh. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: Saw him The uh the place where the X} 556: I was gonna say the niggers use another word fotch. Interviewer: Fotch. 556: He fotch it to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That 556: Fetch. Past-tense of fetch, fotch. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 556: He fotch it. Yeah, that he still use that all the time. Fotch. Interviewer: Fotch. 556: Fotch. Uh yeah. He fotch it to me. Interviewer: And uh did the {X} elements in those days {X}? 556: There was a county seat. Interviewer: County seat. Always? 556: Yeah, always a county seat. Not sight. Move the seat. Interviewer: People uh talk about X day were those words used X ten speech somebody said it, used that phrase. 556: Well they they were put into law-abiding towns. Uh but law and order I course the lawyers used that term. I heard many lawyers use that term law and order. They referred to it all the time, law and order. Interviewer: When {NW} man was executed, uh a noose was used. 556: He was hung. Interviewer: How, uh? 556: Uh, it's yeah. Interviewer: And 556: For anything. There was a colored man out here on Mr. Sam {B} crazy killed his wife. In fact, he took a ax and cut her head open. He held his foot on her body and cut her head open. Several licks. And he was trying to term a court here, and they were taking him over to the old jail. Mr. {B} he worked for a guy who got late. And his name was Sam. He says Sam, have you had the trial? Said yes. Said what they gonna do to you? He said Mr. {NS} gonna hang me. Said I wouldn't mind being sent to the penitentiary for life. Said I sure do despise to be hung. He actually said that. He sure do. Despise to be hung. {NW} But they hung him. Interviewer: So is he {X} 556: Uh, I despise to be hung. Interviewer: {X} reads to times of the day. What were those? 556: Oh lord. The Indians had one word. They're better off than we are. The Indians had one word. {D: Autotone.} Interviewer: Oh? 556: When Indians said aw that's morning, it's good morning. In the afternoon, it's good afternoon. If you leave or leave, it's goodbye. And if it's at night, it's good night. But they had one word. While we have all these hello, hi, how's tricks, how's everything, all that stuff. Interviewer: Uh they time of day you you change 556: That's the afternoon. Interviewer: {X} 556: Yeah, and there's so many people who don't know. It gets 'em confused. Interviewer: Right 556: Southern people always use the evening for after lunch, after dinner. Interviewer: That's still pretty much why 556: Yeah, yeah, they still use the evening means afternoon. Interviewer: And uh to to uh met a good a good friend and {X} be you met someone for the first time, what would your formal greeting be? 556: #1 Well, the form # Interviewer: #2 And again, I'm thinking about the old days here. # 556: Well, they they used to say I'm glad to make you acquaintance. Interviewer: I see. 556: That was the old that's of course today it's I'm please to meet you. I'm glad to know you, but it's I'm glad to make your acquaintance. Interviewer: Did did they say how do you do or how how you doing? 556: Howdy. Interviewer: Howdy, uh. 556: Howdy. Interviewer: But uh that would be uh that would be a less formal way. Howdy. 556: Yeah, howdy. Interviewer: Uh would you duplicate {X} you and conversations {X} 556: Hiya. Interviewer: Just so that in other words, it really doesn't have meaning, does it? It's just tone of voice. 556: Hiya. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: That's it. Interviewer: It's friendly. 556: #1 Yeah, hiya. # Interviewer: #2 Establishes # 556: Hiya. Interviewer: Friendly. 556: {D: Yes, slurry.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 And people uh some someone like this shops all the time uh you all come back is that something that's known or uh do you say that do you # 556: #2 Yeah. # Oh yeah. Y'all come. That was it was y'all come. Interviewer: Y'all come. 556: Y'all come. Interviewer: #1 Or if uh it's children or young people and uh X a service station y'all come back that's # 556: #2 Yeah. # Especially good today. Y'all come back. Interviewer: How how would they say again? Again or again? 556: It's again. Again. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Not again. Interviewer: And how about the greetings for Christmas and New Years? They're called 556: Well, that's just about the same right then as it was now. Merry Christmas. Happy New Year. Interviewer: Did you say Christmas gift? 556: Well Now that was an expression that started with niggers. If they met the first time they met you on Christmas morning, they hollered Christmas gift, you had to give 'em something. And if you if you said it first, though, whichever one said it first got the gift, see? Interviewer: I see. 556: They were very X catch you first. Interviewer: But uh Christmas X morgans X say or 556: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Christmas gift. # 556: Only among friends. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: I remember the niggers would come to the house. It would be dark. Wouldn't even know they were there, and you'd walk out and then Christmas gift, Christmas gift! They all they what do you call they caught you. Interviewer: I see. 556: {D: Say they caught you.} Interviewer: I see. 556: And of course you had to get some give 'em candy or cake or something. #1 They caught you. They caught you. They called it I caught you Christmas, see? I caught you Christmas. Well, they did. They said it first. # Interviewer: #2 I caught you Christmas. # And uh if uh this is the minute hand {NW} and this the hour hand, this would be a quarter 556: It's a quarter to eleven. Interviewer: And this uh the minute hand. 556: That's eight thirty. Interviewer: Or half? 556: Half past eight. Interviewer: Half past eight. 556: Yeah, it's half past eight. Interviewer: Uh. How bout the use of uh the sun? You had to get up before 556: Oh, by the sun. Interviewer: Uh. 556: By uh the by the sun. Or by sun up. Oughta see you sun up. Interviewer: Was that before 556: Before sun down. And did you know that many of 'em can look at the sun and tell you the time to by golly we we had no {X} They would get they didn't own a watch need a watch. And he could look up at the sun and come within just a few minutes tell you what time it was. No matter what time of day it was. Look at the sun. Tell me right. He wouldn't miss it but a few minutes. I thought that was a marvelous thing. Way he could tell the time by looking at the sun. He'd look up there and go {X} Interviewer: Any time of the year? 556: Yeah, he could tell you. They didn't need no watch, all he had to do is look at the sun, he said. Interviewer: We talked about uh paying bills, and I have to ask you do people go trading or shopping? 556: Well Back in the old days, the farmer always took something to town to trade, see? I was talking to a farmer just yesterday. He runs a story in town to talk about the high prices of everything. Oh, he says, I remember back in the old days my mother she'd say uh Go out and gather up some eggs, go around the store, and get me a bar of soap and this, that, and the other. Gather the eggs and take 'em. Said I'd go out to the chicken house and get all the eggs maybe three or four dozen eggs take 'em and trade the eggs. We never had any money. We traded something with the store. Eggs, butter, or something. And said I she'd say gather up the eggs and go get me a cake or soap or whatever she wanted. And he said he'd go out and get ten cents a dozen except for the eggs and trade. Interviewer: Pass. 556: Yes, there he was out yesterday. He saw me and told me egg yeah beaters Forty-nine cents a dozen and fifty-nine. That's a lot of difference. Oh yeah. Said I know it so well. Mother would say go out to the store. Gather up the eggs and go out to the store. Something different. Interviewer: And that was trading? 556: That was trading. Interviewer: And would town people uh I guess take that term? 556: Well, they had nothing to trade, so they had to buy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But would they still say I'm gonna trade? 556: I trade with so-and-so. Interviewer: Trade with so-and-so. 556: They'd say I what's who do you trade with? I trade with so-and-so's store. Yeah, still they had still say it. Interviewer: Our different terms for time. Uh how about the X say well, I can't see you a week from now because because somebody's coming. What's another way of saying next Wednesday? Or next Saturday? A week from Saturday. I get again say come Saturday 556: Yeah, Saturday week's quite an expression. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Uh now the niggers use the term. They use it altogether. They would say the second Saturday or the third Saturday or the or the third Saturday before the first uh before the first Sunday. And they it's the darndest thing and they that's they way they expressed it. Now, I when I used to live up there in the country, see the the niggers they they just one day for Christmas, that was no good. Say it's Christmas here on Sunday. The next day would be the first Monday of Christmas, the first Tuesday, that whole week. It'd be the first Monday, first Tuesday, on, and the next week, it'd start over again. The second Sunday into Christmas, second Monday into Christmas. Interviewer: Into? 556: Lasted about two weeks. Interviewer: Months? 556: Into Christmas. Interviewer: Mm. 556: First Sunday into Christmas. Second Sunday into Christmas. First Monday into Christmas. In other words, around around stretched around about two weeks. Interviewer: That's 556: Of course they had to take get off that time. You know not to work. Interviewer: I see. 556: Had to be off then. Interviewer: The uh reason for 556: To celebrate the whole couple weeks. Interviewer: Uh, different terms regarding the weather. You'd say the uh the daylight today is is mighty 556: Mighty fine. Interviewer: Uh. 556: Mighty hot but mighty fine weather. Interviewer: You look up uh at a stormy sky, and you say it's looking black uh making me nervous uh. You need any uh any particular words? 556: Well they had cutter clouds and clabber clouds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 556: Yeah, they talked about cutter clouds. I don't know what kind Interviewer: X clabber? 556: Clabber clouds. Clabber clouds looked like clabber. You know a lot of 'em could tell you looking at clouds what they weather was gonna be. Interviewer: Uh, what were the expressions they'd look up and they'd say uh I think the weather's uh pretty fair, but weather's uh 556: Sure enough. Interviewer: Yeah? 556: Sure enough bad. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh or it was getting stormy, you might say well, I think it's time the weather 556: Break. Interviewer: Break? And the wind's been down that's starting to blow, you say well, the wind is 556: Rising. Interviewer: Well, the reverse. Uh, the wind has been blowing hard, but it's 556: Going down. Interviewer: Uh, and different kinds of words for rain uh something that just settles the dust 556: Yeah that's. Well, you know they had different ways. They had chunk movers. That's a hard rain. Interviewer: Now that's a new one. 556: Chunk mover. Interviewer: Chunk mover. 556: And a gully washer. Interviewer: That I hadn't seen. 556: Now, that's a hard rain. A gully washer chunk mover and a gully washer. That's hard rain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: You look at the river that is full of chunks, you know? Heh. Interviewer: I see. 556: It rises and peaks. That's a chunk mover we had last night. Or a gully washer. Yeah, that's Interviewer: Uh, X rain or not so much? 556: We called it a seize. We had a good seize last night. Interviewer: Uh, what would be a drizzle or a shower, was that the same or? 556: About the same. A drizzle was just a small shower. Shower was a pretty good rain. Interviewer: The uh did they used to refer to electrical storms or what else how did they used to or the storm would go under like? 556: Well that they'd call it a thunderstorm. Interviewer: A day that is uh it's say November. It's cold. 556: #1 Cold as flusions. Did you ever hear that word? # Interviewer: #2 No, I didn't. # 556: Cold as flusions whatever fly I ever heard find out what flusions were, but I've heard it a thousand times. Cold as flusions today. Whatever that meant. I Interviewer: Or uh cold and uh cloudy and rainy. It's sometimes it's what kind of day? 556: I've heard it referred to as foul weather. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Foul. Or lousy. It's a lousy day. Interviewer: You step outside and uh in the morning you've been shivering you say well this morning is mighty 556: Uh. If it was cold? Interviewer: X 556: Well, they'd refer to a lot of days as overcoat weather. Interviewer: Overcoat? 556: Yeah, they'd say we got overcoat weather today. Interviewer: Would they say airish? 556: Yeah, quite airish. I've heard that term and still use it. I still use that. Airish. Interviewer: #1 Now does that uh mean windy or cold or? # 556: #2 Windy. # Cold wind. Interviewer: Cold wind. 556: It's airish, it means there's cold wind. Interviewer: And uh the a long period, say two weeks, without rain, very hot 556: Dry drought. Interviewer: Alright a long say a whole summer uh without a bit of rain 556: Now, that's a dry drought. {NW} Interviewer: The uh wet stuff on the the plants in the morning. 556: Dew. Interviewer: Uh, and if it freezes, it's. If it's cold enough to turn the dew white. 556: #1 Yeah, frost. # Interviewer: #2 Frost? # And uh if you uh the white stuff the cloudy stuff uh in the road that makes it very hard to drive. 556: Snow? Ice? Interviewer: Or or it's cloudy, filmy 556: Fog. Interviewer: Or any term that you remember fog, dew, frost. How bout uh if a pond uh or small body of water has it freezes over just a slight. 556: That's skim of ice. Interviewer: That's skim of ice? 556: That's skim. Interviewer: I see. X much ice. 556: No, not much. It was either no but it's skim of ice. That's quite a common {D: phrase. That was skim of ice.} Interviewer: A uh picking up mush ice. 556: Yeah, well I they used mush ice for the lawn, they do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Why they have it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: We don't have much mush ice. That's when it's just salt and mush is. Interviewer: Freezes farther down. 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh. Let's see. The uh I see in the hall that you are under a one of the things that I wanted to check. 556: {D: I I'll have to take you I have a fifth to lure in my room.} Interviewer: Is that right? 556: A fifth. That's what my wife tells me. Yeah. That's the governor of Georgia. Last three governors of Georgia. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: They were currently on his staff. I have a number of those things scattered around. Interviewer: And uh it's one of the things to uh to check on. An honorary commission. 556: Yeah. Honorary kind of on the governor's staff of Mississippi, the governor of Georgia and Arkansas and High private into Tennessee militia. All of these are confirmed by the governor. {NS} I have the keys to the city of New Orleans, a golden key to New Orleans and Birmingham and I believe Little Rock, Arkansas. And some kind of honors from the city of Memphis. They all out on the wall. Interviewer: Uh, other ranks in the army. 556: Yeah, I was a s- In World War one, I was a radio operator. Used to what you'd call a private in the army. Interviewer: Uh and uh ever hear this word captain uh in the army is a mission uh you ever hear it outside the army? 556: Captain? Interviewer: Yeah. 556: Oh yeah. That that's that that's the title they had. Title of respect you give to some old man. Captain. Captain A's. Not captain. Captain. Interviewer: #1 Would the wife uh use it for wife or? X # 556: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Term he. 556: #1 Well, when the niggers still refer to a man, he'll call him captain. Or say captain, can you tell me where so-and-so is? They still say. # Interviewer: #2 With respect. # 556: Yeah. They still say it. When they want something. You know, when they want something. {NS} Captain. Interviewer: And uh what were these the Southern states as you learned them as a boy? Or what did you consider to be the South. Would you uh say? 556: Anything below the Mason-Dixon line, I guess. Interviewer: Is that right? 556: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you uh try to duplicate the X set for example it isn't Mississippi. Mississippi, right? 556: Mississippi. Interviewer: And uh it isn't Tennessee, it's tennis 556: Tennessee. Missi- They don't string out Mississippi. They call it miss Mississippi. Interviewer: Mississippi. 556: Mississippi. Whereas it should be Mississippi. Interviewer: #1 Not well spelled that way # 556: #2 Yeah. # That is too long. They oughta say Mississippi and let it go. Interviewer: Oh. We would try to duplicate the language associations with the other states' major cities. 556: You mean the Southern states? Interviewer: Yes. 556: Well, there's Georgia, and as they call it Georgie. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Louisiana. Louisiana. Not Louisiana. Louisiana. Alabama. South Carolina. North Carolina. Virginia. Arkansas. Arkansas now, not Arkansas Some of 'em say Arkansas. It's Arkansas. Interviewer: And uh by the way the Arkansas River X is you ever see it. 556: Yeah, that's right. Interviewer: Or uh was Texas part of the South? 556: Yeah, oh sure. Yeah. Texas. See, there was thirteen states in the Confederacy. Texas was one of 'em. Interviewer: So your sense of the South included Texas? Uh your feeling about the South included Texas? 556: Oh sure. Interviewer: Lots of people tell me no, that's West. 556: That's alright. Texas Texas was one of the Confederate states. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Course their governor Sam Houston was vilely opposed to it, but they passed their own reason. Passed it over and they seceded. Along with the other twelve states. Um, Texas was one of the original Confederate states. Interviewer: The major cities when you were as a boy? 556: Memphis, Birmingham, New Orleans. By the way, the first time I I went to New York once. I heard a lady call it New Orleans. You never heard it called New Orleans what's she it's named after the province of Orleans in France. Of course, it is New Orleans, but it in New Orleans, you call it New Orleans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 556: You know how they call it in New York. Memphis, Birmingham. Mobile, Little Rock. Jackson. Uh, Richmond. Charleston, Savannah, and so on. Interviewer: And you refer to the nation's capital. It was 556: Washington. Interviewer: With the D.C., or? 556: #1 Washington or well we said well we used to say Washington state when we meant the state of Washington. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 556: When you said Washington, you know you meant Washington, D.C. Interviewer: What about the city in southern Ohio on the river? X 556: Which city? Interviewer: Uh, not Cincinnati and Louisville. 556: Cincinnati and Louisville. Interviewer: Louisville. 556: Louisville. That Louisville we see you're out of town Louis radius. Just twenty-five miles over here to Louisville, Mississippi And we said Louisville. Interviewer: Uh, you hear about Cincinnati? 556: It is, yeah. Interviewer: How bout the state where St. Louis is? Where was that? 556: Missouri. Interviewer: {X} 556: Missouri. Interviewer: Which which sounds the way it used to be? Missouri or Missouri? 556: Missouri. Interviewer: Missouri. 556: Not Missouri. Missouri. Interviewer: {D: Uh. Couple of uh part of the South uh.} 556: Well, it was more or less. They it never did formally secede, but they furnished many soldiers to the Confederacy. Hope your home would never uh well you'd take uh Kentucky. And uh Maryland never formally seceded, although they had half the men in in those states, half the men went to the federal army and half the Confederate army. And they're included in the Southern states because they're either had two legislations. One legislation voted to secede. The other voted not to. So for that reason and and so many soldiers from both states fought in the Confederate army that those they put those stars in the flag. They're included in the thirteen states. Although they never formally seceded or formally joined the Confederacy except on by the action of this {D: rump legislation.} And I'll have a many a boys from Kentucky and Maryland, both. Fought in the Southern army. Yeah. Interviewer: The uh the word that uh the words that you'd use for for pronunciations or all the words that you use for someone from a European countries studied geography in school, what would they be? Uh. 556: Well, of course, a lot of these modern countries wasn't even there when I studied geography. We had England, France, and Germany. And Romania and Bulgaria and Russia. I guess Guess all these new, little countries been carved out since. Austria and Hungary. Interviewer: Let's see, you uh often mentioned Wales and Scotland and England. They uh mention Ireland 556: Ireland? Interviewer: Yes, uh. 556: {NW} Course, yeah that was a country. Ireland, Scotland, England, Wales. Interviewer: Uh you rarely find uh you can trace your ancestry say it goes back to Ireland. 556: And millions of 'em came over here from Ireland. I know at the navy yard in New York, we had a bunch of Irish laborers. Playing uh uh drainage tiles. A whole bunch of big, old, husky Irishmen were doing that. Picking shovel work. They wasn't really Irish. Interviewer: You uh earlier mentioned down East what are all how did you study those states uh you say above New York? 556: Well, we studied the New England states as uh up East. All the states. Interviewer: And the states were uh the state where lost East what 556: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Would you say it again? 556: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 556: Of course. Massachusetts, Massachusetts if you wanted to say it correctly. We we slurred it over and called it Massachusetts. Interviewer: I think that you know you ever you ever checked the pronunciations that only say it as Massachusetts. Uh say the ch. It's interesting it occurs there and occurs often. It's familiar it's all Massachusetts. 556: They don't say the chu, huh? Interviewer: No, they don't. 556: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Yes. 556: Well, I tell you I went to school up in New York state, and it's never called that at all. No, it's Mass. Pittsfield, Mass, Boston, Mass. You know, they never They never pronounced the whole name. It's Mass. Pittsfield, Mass, and I went to school as a boy. Pittsfield, Mass. {NS} Like Poughkeepsie, New York. I up there they don't spell it out. They spell it P-O-K-P-S-I-E. Whereas it's Pough. Nobody's up there ever spelled it out. P-O-K-P-S-I-E. Interviewer: It's near uh by the way the the cough drops when you were there. 556: Smith Brothers' cough drops, yes sir. Smith Brothers' cough drops or Smith has a very fine restaurant there. And the same old steam-driven fans or in that blew up there a few years ago and I we were in New Jersey up to see our daughter. And I I said let's drive up to Poughkeepsie. I wanna see the old place. So I went up there and lo and behold, all these new highways I just got lost and befuddled. But Smith Brothers, and I said let's go to Smith Brothers restaurant. I want to go there. And I had a roll of Confederate money and I took a roll of Confederate money with me. And we went at old Smith Brothers restaurant, and it was still there. Going strong. And when I got through, I tipped the waitress a five dollar Confederate bill, and she was just enthralled with it. And I went and paid the check to the cashier, the girls found me outside, said give me one of those bills that you gave the waitress. I would be delighted to have one. I pulled out the roll and handed her a ten Oh, just charming. I take that roll of Confederate money, and I use it for tips. Parking lots. {NW} Well, I got by beautifully with that Confederate money. They uh they just ate it up. Interviewer: Uh. It's Hyde Park is a good area. 556: Oh yeah, we went up to Hyde Park. Drove the bus home. Went up Saw the graves out in the yard. Home. Interviewer: You ride the 556: {D: Yeah, they had us three of us arrive arrive Robert forge the Washington and Henry Hudson steamers.} Used to you could go round-trip to New York and back for a dollar and a half. Interviewer: On steamers? 556: On the steamer. We all went out round-trip on it. I believe it was a dollar and a half. Wasn't much anyhow. I think it was a dollar and a half. The day those steamers. Uh, they were wonderful things. They could come flying into the wharf and hit the dock without they didn't use turbs, they just bore right in and tie 'em up, unload the passengers and freight, untie it now. We took a ride on and we had a course mask convention in New York, and we took a ride on one of 'em up sixty miles. Oh, did we go. Uh, a considerable distance. I forty, fifty miles. We took this Had twenty-five hundred horse matches. We shattered the boat. One trip was. Interviewer: X see the river or matter of fact, X railroad 556: #1 Yeah, right up the track. # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 556: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 556: New York Central was on one side. And on the other side's what's that other? The New York Central was on the Interviewer: East? 556: West. Probably. Interviewer: As a matter of fact, X I went to school in New York X called the uh 556: Cornwall is the city right across from Poughkeepsie. Interviewer: Oh. X 556: East shore. What did they call that road? I know they the one along one's this parallel. One across the river and one on this side. And that river flows over in one of the you to the automobile traffic, trucks, whatnot. Course the roads get so deep in snow, and he couldn't use 'em until he cleared off just get off the river. Up that ice they'd go. Wonderful highway but the straight ice about three or four feet deep. Old engine. Interviewer: Well, sir. It's uh almost five o'clock. I certainly uh X {NS} {NS} 579: It's on that card there. It's hard to spell it. interviewer: mm-hmm How do you pronounce it? {B} {B} John John {B} 579: John-O mm-hmm interviewer: and your address? {B} and the county? 579: Warren W-A-R-R-E-N Warren County interviewer: and state? 579: Mississippi, born and reared here. interviewer: Right here in Vicksburg? and your age? 579: Eighty-seven, as we used to say when we were children, going on eighty-eight because in three months, the Lord willing, I'll be eighty-eight. interviewer: mm-hmm um tell me about the work you've done. 579: One year in the Delta Trust and Banking Company interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and fifty-eight years in the Merchants National Bank. interviewer: Did you help to start this bank? 579: No, it was organized in eighteen eighty-six the year I was born. interviewer: uh-huh Do you still have a position here? 579: No, I retired in uh nineteen sixty-four. interviewer: uh-huh What position did you hold? 579: Vice president and trust officer. interviewer: And what church do you go to? 579: First Presbyterian a block up the street incidentally. interviewer: And tell me about your education, the names of the schools you went to and, 579: Unfortunately Vicksburg did not have a high school when I finished the public school. It was about ten grades I should say. interviewer: What was the name of the school? 579: Warren Street School. interviewer: uh-huh You went through the tenth grade there? 579: I finished there but then I did not provide a sufficient uh high school education or public school education to- at a college. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: So I went to preparatory schools for two years. interviewer: What were the names of those schools? 579: One was Chamberlain C-H-A-M-B-E-R-L now how did the spell it L-A-I-N interviewer: uh-huh 579: hyphen Hunter Academy interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Port Gibson, Mississippi. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Then one year at D-I-X-O-N Dixon Academy. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Covington, Louisiana. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Then two years at Centre C-E-N-T-R-E College. Danville, Kentucky. Old school, eighteen nineteen and that was all. interviewer: mm-hmm um You mentioned you had done some traveling. 579: Yes, I've traveled all over the United States except those two states and uh interviewer: Which two states? 579: Florida and Hawaii. and I went to Europe let's see uh four times and to England only one time. interviewer: uh-huh 579: to Bermuda one time to Canada mostly the Canadian Rockies five times. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That's about it. interviewer: That's quite a lot of traveling. 579: I loved it all too. interviewer: How did you get to do so much traveling? {NS} 579: Well it's because I never married and had a wife and children to support. {NW} That's really at the bottom of it besides which I loved it. interviewer: uh-huh um Tell me um you've been pretty active in this community I suppose. What 579: Oh yes I've been secretary of this, treasurer of that, chairman of this ever since I was about eighteen years old, say about nineteen. No, a little older than that about nineteen-five. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And I've been chairman of the board of trustees at the YMCA or a director for fifty years. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And uh Oh at one time or another I've been on the boards of the Red Cross, the Boy Scouts, what else, let's see, I've been an {X} in in pres- pres- Presbyterian Church for sixty-two years. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: {NW} I've been treasurer of the {D: Senastor Lab for} fifty-six years. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That's most of it. interviewer: Uh-huh Tell me something about your parents. Where they were your parents where they were born and, 579: My father came here from South Carolina. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Well, my grandfather did about eighteen fifty-two and well Father was a boy came along with him at the time. Yeah and uh Mother's family were local people lived out in the county her her mother was {B} interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and uh her father came down the river from Mansfield or Manchester, Ohio about nineteen I mean eighteen, eighteen, let's see, eighteen fifty-one. Something like that, don't know exactly. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I often wonder what his uh position, his status was during the Civil War interviewer: uh-huh 579: because anybody who lived North of the of the Mason-Dixon line was to us a Yankee. interviewer: uh-huh 579: but evidently, he was avowedly a supporter of the Confederate cause because I found a document headed {NS} Caught Amnesty and Pardon A-M-N-E-S-T-Y Amnesty and Pardon. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Signed by Andrew Johnson, President of the United States setting forth that he was granted amnesty as a citizen of the Confederate States and uh he was pardoned for it. I often wonder what- how he felt about his his status here interviewer: mm-hmm 579: because on my mother's side they'd been in around {D: yonder} Warren County for many years. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and I thought maybe he would uh be in uh a delicate position. He couldn't side against the uh Confederacy interviewer: mm-hmm 579: because he'd been living here some time and he was in love with one of them but anyway he was recorded as a Southerner and as a rebel and he received an amnesty and pardon from the President of the United States. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Now, Grandfather {B} had lived in Charleston and Aiken, South Carolina for a long time so there wasn't any question about it on which side he belonged. interviewer: Was where was your father born, was he born in Charleston? 579: He was born in Charleston. eighteen forty-nine interviewer: mm-hmm Is that where your grandfather was born? Charleston? 579: I don't know. Somewhere in South Carolina, may have been in Aiken A-I-K-E-N. He was a superintendent of a railroad up there. interviewer: Your grandfather was? 579: Grandfather {B} yes. And evidently his men liked him because when he left they presented him with a picture and cup engraved and also a two foot folding rule- ruler um marked with the inches on one side and meters on the other mounted in gem and silver and engraved to show that it was given to him by the men of the railroad in eighteen fifty-two. interviewer: Do you still have that? 579: Hmm interviewer: Do you have that? 579: I gave that to my nephew in Natchez. He'll be here longer than I will so I gave it to him. interviewer: um How much education did your parents have? 579: There's a little story to that. Mother I guess schools were rather uh uh There were many {X} around here about that time She was born in eighteen fifty-two. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: My mother and her cousin went to a girls' school, they probably called it a seminary in those days, in New Orleans. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and in eighteen seventy-six they were ready to come home. My grandfather- I'm going too fast for you. interviewer: No it's okay, go ahead. 579: was in a sort of wholesale grocery business and he shipped quite a bit of freight by the uh anchor line, that was uh uh the best boats were anchor liners. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And when the girls were ready to come home in June, eighteen seventy-six, that's not right, seventy, seventy-six was the year of the cut off. eighteen seventy. Mother was eighteen. Her cousin I imagine was about the same age, I don't know, but anyway, my father went down to bring them home and he persuaded the Captain of the Robert E. Lee to bring him and the girls home to Vicksburg during the famous race. So they were hustled off with that dorm's tough trunks You know interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and all the way and won the race. interviewer: So you think your mother had about a college education. or 579: I doubt it I think it was a interviewer: Preparatory school? education 579: It was just a girl's school, I don't think it was as high as a college education. Many of them interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 579: #2 had # just no more than a boarding school education in those days. There weren't too many colleges that were near by. They were in New England and way up in Virginia and what not and travel was difficult in those days. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: So not many of them had a college educations as far back as eighteen seventy. interviewer: mm-hmm What about your father? 579: Don't know. {NW} They lived in South Carolina and now let me see, eighteen not sure about the year, I think they moved here about eighteen fifty-two. interviewer: mm-hmm Your father had at least a high school education though? 579: Don't know a thing about it. I think he did though. interviewer: He could read and write anyway. 579: Oh certainly yes, held pretty many books. interviewer: uh-huh What work did your parents do? 579: What? interviewer: What work did they do? 579: My father sold eagle cotton gins interviewer: mm-hmm 579: made at Bridgeport, Massachusetts and parts for them. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Also uh {X} {B} on my mother's side had acquired three plantations in what we call the Delta the flat land up in the country North of us here when you get past our hills interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and he looked after those plantations. interviewer: Your father did? 579: Yes. interviewer: Three plantations? 579: Well two a good size one was rather small. There wasn't much overseeing necessary for that it was rented out. interviewer: Um What about your mother? Did she ever work outside? 579: No. To the best of my knowledge she was born in Warren county and I know she never worked. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Never heard of it. interviewer: What um tell me some more about your mother's grandparents- your mother's parents. um You said your grandfather came down from Manchester, Ohio. 579: Manchester, Mansfield, I never have been sure. interviewer: uh-huh You figure that's where he was born? 579: {X} interviewer: You figure that's where he was born? 579: Just presumably, I don't know. We've never been able to find out much about them {B} side of the house. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: He probably came down the river on a a boat that just floated with the current a good many uh people did come down that way some men loaded the boats with merchandise and they would stop at this landing and that and lay over and sell some of that interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and then when they got as far as Natchez which is about eighty-four miles South that was they would dispose of the boat, sell it most likely. and Have you ever heard of the Natchez Trace? interviewer: I've heard of it. I'm not sure what it is. 579: huh? interviewer: What is it? I- 579: A road that was built through the wilderness from Natchez to Nashville. And it wasn't safe to travel on it because a good many brigands who held people up and robbed them. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But uh it has become a national road now. One of the prettiest drives in this state paved grass and weeds cut. Just a beautiful drive all the way from Natchez up to uh oh about uh let me see uh Kosciusko, named after the Polish patriot. K-O-S-C-I-U-S-K-O They left the z out of it when they named this one. K-O-S-C-I-U-S-K-O Kosciusko. and it's been further from there Northward to- toward Nashville. Uh the- ther- there wa- there is an old inn that was restored down not very far from Natchez off on one side of the road. Very crude accommodations such a thing as uh you know spring mattresses and running water and uh air conditioning, so forth hadn't been dreamed of. interviewer: {NW} 579: there are one or two of those inns two or three of those inns on the way between Nashville and Natchez interviewer: mm-hmm um What sort of work did your grandfather do? 579: My grandfather {B} was in the railroad business, superintendent. interviewer: mm-hmm What about your mother's father? 579: He was the one who came down from Ohio. interviewer: What sort of work did he do? 579: He had a uh general merchandise store aimed particularly at furnishing the needs of people on plantations within a reasonable distance of Vicksburg. They had many negro tenants and they had to have all the things they needed clothing and shoes and food and what not. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Of course in the early days, they were slaves. Now I hope the Lord'll forgive people in the South for owning slaves. That was monstrous inhumane, barbarous, I just hope the Lord'll forgive us for owning them my ancestors I mean. That, that was outrageous. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: You know what that makes me think of? Visiting the iniquities of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generations of them that hate me and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments. Sometimes I think that all this negro trouble we have is some of that. Visiting the iniquities. Cause that was a monstrous thing, goodness. interviewer: Um How much education do you think your your grandfather um the one that ran, ran the store how much education do you think he had? 579: I have no idea what education either grandfather had. interviewer: uh-uh 579: Never learned a thing about it. interviewer: What about your grandmother? Do you know where she was born or? 579: On my father's side, She was born somewhere in South Carolina when, I don't know. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Don't know what education she had. interviewer: What about on your mother's #1 side? # 579: #2 On # my mother's side well there were very few educational facilities in existence then because my mother was born in eighteen fifty-two and say go back uh thirty years from that, eighteen twenty-two, or nobody knows, interviewer: {NS} 579: now living. interviewer: Do you know where your grandmother was born? 579: I think in Warren County. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Not certain. interviewer: Do you know much about tracing your ancestry back um beyond well several generations? Do you know what, what country they came from or anything like that? Or ha- have they been in the United Sates for long? 579: No very little. I have a distant cousin who is a member of the faculty of {NS} that college at Williamsburg. interviewer: William and- no it's not 579: Oh, I know it uh. {NW} {NW} {X} On July the fourth I was picked up o- off the floor in my apartment having lost a great deal of blood and I find myself groping for names ever since. I spent three months in the hospital and two months in nursing homes. interviewer: Mm 579: It just did something to me um uh um uh William and Mary! Old, old college. He has some information on my mother's side of the house. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: His name is Warner W-A-R-N-E-R {B} interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Now the {B} came from England. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: One of them was a director in the Bank of England in the sixteen hundreds. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Whether related to us I don't know might've been. interviewer: What about on your mother's side? 579: I know very little. I think they lived most of their lives right here in Warren County. interviewer: mm-hmm um you say you- you never married? 579: No never married. interviewer: Tell me something about What this- um what Vicksburg is like. How- how much it's changed um the most, what different types of people live here, that sort of thing. 579: Good gracious. Well it's changed alright, in many ways for the better. Being on the river and on a highway that goes from East to West from uh Georgia to Texas it has grown. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And many suburbs have sprung up. There's streets that I encounter every now and then I don't have the faintest idea where they are. There has- don't want to go too fast for you- interviewer: No, go ahead. 579: There's always been a substantial negro population here. interviewer: Would you say fifty percent? or? 579: Not quite I think. If I've ever seen any figures on it I don't remember them. But certainly thirty-five to forty percent I'd estimate. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It's largely been an agricultural community here. Cotton mostly. #1 Uh # interviewer: #2 Because of the # the Delta the Delta being around it? 579: {NW} This is you might say the end of the Delta. interviewer: uh-huh 579: And that what is now called the Delta is not really the Delta that's way down there below New Orleans. Waters- rivers spread- land spreads out flapping streams in different channels of the river and all that but {NW} what we call a- the Delta is from here to Memphis. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The hills are nearly all on the East side of the railroad and highway. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and we've had some terrible times with floods. Good gracious alive. Of course, building levies made a great deal of difference. It just protected millions of acres of land from being overflowed every year. interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: Not just once in a while but every year. The government keeps those levies up, although in a few sections there are levy districts. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and I'm not sure about this but I think that the districts get considerable financial help from the U.S. government. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Because after all that river drains what {D: three other} states I guess. And it's not a local problem interviewer: uh-huh um The types of people that there were um I guess well I've looked around and seen some of these houses, you know these, beautiful old houses. um Did the war in Vicksburg, there- was there sort of a- an Aristocratic class or what- what different social classes were there and how would you- you say your family fit in? 579: There's always been a good element here composed of educated people, church-goers, interviewer: mm-hmm 579: uh good business men, professional men, and we've had some foreign element, mostly Lebanese. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: uh Let' see uh Syrians interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Italians Jews a few Irish and a few Chinese. On the whole our citizen- citizenry I guess we'd say has been a high class one. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Our folks have always believed in giving good educations to their children and it's uh I say the exception rather than the rule that a boy or girl who finishes high school goes doesn't go to college interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Most of them go and they go to good colleges too. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Now, mine was a small college but they have graduated some very distinguished men. and uh some have gone to Yale, Harvard, Princeton University of Virginia a great many of course to Mississippi colleges. interviewer: mm-hmm Is your family one of the older families of Vicksburg? or 579: Yes, it is. interviewer: Your mother's- on your mother's side mainly or? 579: Yes, they were here before my father's side came in. interviewer: mm-hmm Were there a lot of plantation owners back um fifty years ago? Did they still have large plantations? like they- 579: Not quite as many because in a good many cases the original owners died and the large plantations were cut up into smaller ones. interviewer: mm-hmm Do many people living in Vicksburg now still own land in the Delta? 579: Still what? interviewer: Still own land in the Delta? #1 Do they still # 579: #2 Not as # many as sixty years ago. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Oh older than- farther back than that really but there still are some. However, managing a plantation from eighty miles away, a hundred miles away is not a wise thing to do You've got to be right there with it. So mostly the plantations are now owned by people who live on them or nearby interviewer: mm-hmm um I'd like to just uh I'd like to get an- an idea of the house that you grew up in. {X} Did you move around very much when you were young? 579: No, thank the Lord. Our house is right across the street here, diagonally opposite. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Ten room house, air cured, hard cypress, and long leaf pine the like of which couldn't be bought or thirty years later. It was just a fine temper that did grew in those days and it wasn't used so fast that lower grade lumber went into buildings. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It was a ten room house and finished in eighteen eighty-six. I'm not sure about this but I have a recollection of seeing a paid bill of the builders showing that the contract price was forty five hundred dollars. Well, that was uh before the business district contracted on this neighborhood. It gradually contracted on it and uh when I saw I acquired the uh ownership by buying the interests of my brothers- I had four brothers. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and uh meantime well the main business street is only two blocks down the street here. {B} ask and on uh Crawford and South and Veto and Monroe and Cherry all, around us mercantile businesses were moving in. Well, I knew I was not going to have a really difficult time selling a house when I decided to move to an apartment. So, I just put an ad in the paper and I got three very acceptable bids and took the best one. And uh moved to the apartment about three blocks away. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I didn't want you to come there because I'm such a poor house keeper I didn't want you to see it. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 579: #2 {NW} # interviewer: um I'd like to get an idea of the um what that house looked like. Do you think you could make a sketch of the floor plan? 579: Now, let's see. interviewer: Just the floor plan, you know. 579: North. South Street. Well, this is really a boulevarded street now. Monroe Street. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Now, the house had- getting this to scale's gonna be difficult- there was a little offset there. Here, that extends where only one room is. Then, the front room had a bay window. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and there's a story connected with the kitchen in this house. My grandfather- mother's folks lived in a house just behind it that's now swallowed up in that big cinder building over there. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Just built all around it and the kitchen was out in the yard as it is at Mount Vernon interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and {X} and other old time houses so as to keep the odor of food out of the house. Well, I- in our house- this was added on later- the bedroom sans a door porch and now, let's see, yeah that's- this house was added- the room there was added on. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: This was the the front room and this was the dining room. Oh, I'm leaving out the hall. Go ahead, I haven't come far enough. Yea, that's about it. There was a door there. And that's a door there and that's a door there and above is a small room here and a pretty large room here and well, there was a porch beginning here porch came over to this part. Porch. Well, when they- when my mother and father wanted to build a house they bought the lot from grandmother {B} interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and she said now that the kitchen must be out in the yard so that you won't have the odor of food in the house well, my mother said 'Well, mother people have changed their minds about that now. Different attitude. It's too much trouble to have the kitchen out in the yard and bring food through all sorts of weather.' interviewer: mm-hmm 579: 'Well then it must be at the end of the porch and no connection no door between that and the house.' So that's the way it was. So all the food was brought - {NW} brought along this porch into the dining room. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It wasn't too bad but it was pretty unhandy. Roughly that's it. interviewer: mm-hmm Let me try to label these rooms here. This was the kitchen here? 579: The kitchen would've been interviewer: No You had it facing this way. 579: That's North. The kitchen would've been about along here. and and no door between that and the rest of the house. interviewer: This- this was the kitchen here? 579: Yes interviewer: uh-huh Seeing and this well, could- could you just mark- mark off the label. 579: Now let's see, this is the dining room. This is a hall. Oh, I've moved that up too far No, that's right. That's right Uh living room interviewer: Did you used to call that the front room? 579: huh? interviewer: Did you used to call that the front room? 579: Upstairs we did but not downstairs. Used to call this the sitting room really, sitting room. That's where that offset was, yeah the dining room. Well there was a an- a little room in here called the pantry. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Hall interviewer: Is this a wall here? 579: This is a hall here. And this is a- I skipped a room, now, let's see, dining room, dining room Well, this is really the dining room. Although that offset window was in it, I remember that. I'm not very good at drawing plans, I see. Well anyway, that gives you a general idea. Well, that's North. interviewer: mm-hmm What- What was this room here the- the porch? 579: Well, there was a a long hall. Yeah, that's the hall long hall. and this the stairs went up- {NW} I made a mess of this plan- the stairs went up from the lower floor to the second. Really in that offset, that's where it was. interviewer: mm-hmm. Which- what about this room here? 579: That was a bedroom that was added on, well, I haven't got it right though. That was a bit later on when one of us married. One of the others, that is. interviewer: mm-hmm What about the- the upstairs? 579: The what? interviewer: The upstairs. 579: The what? interviewer: Upstairs. 579: #1 Upstairs. # interviewer: #2 Is that the-? # Could you sort of make a sketch of that? 579: Second floor, now, let's see. Big rooms, high ceilings. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Porch. Bedroom. Bath and storage. Porch. Bedroom. What we call a bay window. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Bedroom. Then, that's right, the porch ended at that hall- the hall ended at that porch. And on this side, let's see, the porch came out about there. On this side That represents a door. Bedroom. Porch. Porch here. {NW} That's not much good at that. interviewer: Well, that's fine. Pretty large house. 579: Ten rooms. And such material, my goodness. The termites wouldn't- they just didn't like that good cypress; they wouldn't eat it. interviewer: {NW} um You know you, you mentioned a porch. Do you remember different names for porches? 579: One other: gallery. interviewer: Did that- what- what did gallery mean? Just any kind of porch? 579: It's really not a porch interviewer: uh-uh 579: But everybody had a gallery, not a porch. interviewer: #1 OK # 579: #2 {NW} # That is most people did. interviewer: uh-huh um Did you have a fireplace? 579: In every room. That was the only way of heating them. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Later on, we discontinued many of the fire places and put in gas heaters. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and also now let's see, about uh see the lower floor, hall, dining room, hall somewhere about in there uh. That's an F. U-R-N-A-C-E interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Furnace, right? Under a partition between a room and a hall. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: but mostly every room had its fire place That was all there was back in eighteen eighty-six. interviewer: {NW} 579: One closet in the house. About that deep. interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: Old wardrobes sitting around everywhere interviewer: What was a wardrobe? What was a wardrobe? 579: Well some of them call them armoires, armoires (C: pronunciation} and well, that was it, the armoires (C: pronunciation} which is not the exact term, or wardrobes. They- some of them were single and most of them were double. Two doors to the double ones, one door to the single ones. {X} That's where people put the clothes. interviewer: You could hang your clothes up in it? 579: Oh, it had a shelf up at the top for hats and what have you and hangers for clothing and provided the moths didn't get it- get in there, it worked pretty well. interviewer: {NW} 579: Incidentally, I was forced {X} sold the contents of that house. One old fellow in Natchez bought six of those old wardrobes that I thought I'd have a hard time selling. He bought six of them! interviewer: {NW} 579: I don't know what he did with it- he- he handled- he was a dealer in antique furniture. Natchez is a hot bed of that, good gracious. You can get some- You can still get some superb antiques down there now. interviewer: uh-huh 579: I had already sold them all when I heard he died last year. interviewer: um Tell me about the fireplace the part that the smoke goes up through. 579: Chimneys went up through the roof and the fire- the chimneys had what were called flues F-L-U-E-S interviewer: mm-hmm 579: One flue took care of the downstairs fireplace, another flue took care of the upstairs fire place. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: We burned coal which was pretty cheap and left the powdery residue of ashes. We always had kindling on hand to start fires and old newspapers. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: You crumpled up an old newspaper and put some kindling on top of that and a coal on top of that. Made a great deal of work for the servers. interviewer: mm-hmm um What do you call that uh part on the floor in front of the fireplace? 579: The hearth H-E-A-R-T-H. It was generally paved with some kind of tile. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Uh usually glazed tile. Also, sometimes around the fireplace would be something of the same material a frame. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I suppose that was a measure of fireproofing. interviewer: mm-hmm What about um the part above the fireplace you could set things on? 579: Yeah they always had a large mirror there. interviewer: uh-huh 579: And some shelves along the side and on top interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Small shelves. interviewer: But that long shelf that went across do you remember what the was called? 579: Oh it was mostly put vases and ornaments on. interviewer: uh-huh 579: In a few cases the narrow sections alongside each end of the mirror had small shelves and little things would be put there too. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever call that shelf a fireboard or a mantelpiece? 579: Fireboard? interviewer: Or mantelpiece? 579: Oh there was a mantelpiece, always a mantelpiece. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Some of them iron, cast iron. The older ones. interviewer: Iron? 579: Uh-huh interviewer: I never saw one of those. 579: Thank goodness they were safer too. Not so likely to catch fire. interviewer: Huh um What about the um things you'd set- have in the fireplace to lay your wood across? 579: They had grates G-R-A- G-R-A-T-E-S interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Some of them are rather smaller which meant that you had to constantly add fuel to the fire. Some of them were pretty large, they didn't take so much tending. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and uh many fireplaces had uh mesh frames around to prevent living coal from flying out and setting a- burning a hole in the interviewer: mm-hmm 579: carpet. interviewer: Did you ever see something long though, um sort of, I don't know exactly how it'd- it would be but something kind of long; it'd go back. Like that and you'd- you'd need two of these and and you could lay the wood across. 579: They were called andirons. interviewer: uh-huh 579: They were entirely for wood fireplaces. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: You can still see a great many of them around here- in the old ones I mean. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: A few older ones and newer ones just laid across this andiron. It left room underneath for a draft to go throu- through and give it a good burning. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear an old fashioned or- or a more common name for andirons? Did you ever hear it called anything besides andirons? 579: Don't recall it, no. interviewer: Firedogs or dog irons? Did you ever hear that? 579: I guess they were but I don't I don't recall that ever- In fact, I doubt if they called them andirons, I don't know what they called them. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 579: #2 {NW} # Been a long time ago. interviewer: Uh-huh um You know if you build a fire a- a wood fire now um you might take a big piece of wood and set that sort of toward the back of the fire place and maybe it would burn all night long. 579: mm-hmm I'm sure {X} interviewer: Do you remember what- what that was called? 579: Uh they called that the backlog. interviewer: mm-kay What about the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 579: Oh my goodness It just poured out after the air and settled on the roof some of it interviewer: uh-huh 579: and on the lawn. And my goodness I remember one time a lot of swallows came down the chimney of my mother's bedroom; there was no fire in it. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: {X} that is lined with soot and all those countless wings beating like that a large fan-shaped deposit of soot stretched out all the way from the fireplace five feet into the room. interviewer: Gosh. 579: I remember what a time we had getting that mass of soot up. interviewer: {NW} um Tell me something about, um, well, tell me about furniture in a house, um, the thing that I'm sitting in now, you'd call that a? You'd call this thing a? 579: They really didn't have that exact type. Much of it was made of walnut which is now quite scarce. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Might pretty wood, too. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Most of it was made of walnut and not so much oak as you see now. More oak now because uh the walnut trees were attacked by some sort of worm or insect or something and there just isn't as much walnut as there used to be, which is also true of chestnuts. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: If che- if the chestnut trees were ever used for furniture I do not remember. But I remember nearly all furniture, including wardrobes interviewer: mm-hmm 579: was walnut interviewer: mm-hmm What different um furniture did you have in- in your living room? 579: We'd have rocking chairs and perhaps a big reclining chair with a footstool. Mostly, that's it. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The dining table was often walnut and the chairs walnut. interviewer: mm-hmm What about something longer um longer piece of furniture that two or three people could sit on. 579: Sofas, oh I was about to forget the sofas. Oh yes, we had those. interviewer: uh-huh 579: but some of them were made of rosewood. They're better fur- pieces of furniture- more expensive and you still see some of them. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: People who are taking care of them had them reupholstered, and a great many of them are still in existence and in use. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But they had to be reupholstered two or three times maybe. interviewer: mm-hmm Were there different names for sofas or- or something similar to a sofa- or? 579: Now let's see, settee. interviewer: uh-huh What was that like? 579: Mostly, just a different name for a- a porch- uh- uh- for a sofa. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and sometimes there'd be what they call a lounge. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It had no arms, no back, it sloped up somewhat at one end and a person stretched out on it, that was {X} somewhat in the nature of a pull. interviewer: mm-hmm um What did you have besides um you had the wardrobe now for hanging your clothes up then. What would you have just with drawers in it that you would have to fold your clothes up and put it in? 579: You had- what did they call them? a freshwood chiffonier. C-H-I-F-F O-N I-E-R interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Or I can't think of the other name. They were not often called chests or drawers in the old days, that was a that was a later expression but that's what they were. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear them called bureau? 579: Oh, yes, yes, yes. Well bureau. Yes that's right, I forgot about the bureaus, yes. They generally had a mirror on top. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Uh, dressing tables for women were not really made in the old days; they came in later. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Specially, those with one mirror and two wings that could be changed. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They were later. Well, some of them were called dressers but mostly they were chiffoniers. interviewer: mm-hmm Did that have the mirror to it? 579: The uh what we now call chests or drawers did not have mirrors. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They had more drawers from top to bottom than some of the others did. interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 579: #2 but no mirror # interviewer: Is that what you used to call chiffonier? 579: Not exactly because some of the chiffoniers uh were didn't have quite as many drawers and had room for a little mirror on top. interviewer: mm-hmm um and then something on um rollers that you can pull down keeping a window pulled down to keep out the light? 579: They were treated cloth. They- we called them shades. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and my goodness they gave us much trouble. Something would- the ratchet would get out of place and you'd hear a whirring sound and all that interior spring, they'd go, and their raising and lowering would be loose. And you'd have to find some way of tightening that up again and the little ratchet on the other side was inside. You had to hold that back while you were winding that spring up again and then put the ratchet in place to hold it after you got it there. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Oh, I've done that many a time. interviewer: {NW} um You mentioned um uh the roof of the house what- what would you call those things along the edge of the roof to carry the water off? 579: Valleys. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They were in the nature of a trough interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and down-spouts carried them down to the ground and also to cisterns. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: In our yard, we had an old cistern there. and up to the time I sold the house and a bulldozer filled in the system it was in good order. A remarkably good job of brick-laying shaped like a jug. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and uh I remember my father used to shut off the downspouts during the summer provided there was enough water in the system. We had no running water in the house. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and then in the winter when there was much rain after there'd been enough rain to wash the soot and dust off the house, the roof that is- interviewer: mm-hmm 579: the valve would be open and the water would go into the system. And when the system was full, the valve would be turned the other way and the water would go out into the street. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And oddly enough we drank that water for years on end and nobody had typhoid fever. Why? Just good luck I think. interviewer: mm-hmm Was uh this valley- was it built in on the roof like that 579: Built in, mm-hmm. It was shaped like a a square with uh one side- one- with the top out. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Say about it was pretty wide, on our house they were about that wide. interviewer: About eight or nine inches? 579: About nine inches. And the sides sloped a little bit. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And the downspouts which were large, about five inches in diameter interviewer: mm-hmm 579: brought the water down from the valleys to either the street or the cistern interviewer: mm-hmm What about when you have a house in an L? You know that low place where they come together? 579: mm-hmm Well, {D: the tinners were pretty skillful about that, they just} sawed it in a corner there and- and gave it to proper grade so it would run off. interviewer: Well, what- what did you call that? That low place? 579: It had no special name Just- just part of the valleys- one of the valleys. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and Our house had a tin roof on it and it must have been a high grade of tin because it was heavy too, thick metal. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: We didn't have to renew that roof for about let's see, eighteen eighty-six, nineteen forty years I'd estimate. Then it began to have some leaks in it. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and had to put another roof over it. interviewer: um You know, some houses had a little room up at the top of the house. 579: You can see some of them around here now. What good they were, I don't know. interviewer: Well um not really a a regular room just a small 579: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 sort of # room you could store things up there, something. What would you call a place like that? 579: We called the part under the roof where there were no rooms, the attic. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and were they hot in the summertime! particularly if you had a tin roof. Good gracious! There was a house a little over a block round the street it has one of those little top rooms on it. They are generally similar to what they call the widow's lookouts in Massachusetts. {X} interviewer: Widow's lookout? 579: The widow- the widow's lookout, interviewer: uh-huh 579: or widow's something. interviewer: huh 579: So many men lost their lives at sea interviewer: uh-huh interviewer: um, Say, um, you had a lot of old worthless things that you were going to throw out you'd say, um, "Oh, that's not good anymore; that's just-" What would you call stuff like that? Just old, worthless, broken-down things. 579: We just called it rubbish or trash. interviewer: uh-huh What- and what about a a little room that's used to store um odds and ends in? Things that you don't know what to do with? 579: We had three of them. {NW} And they had, uh, old disused- disused furniture and old pictures and cracked, uh, china and, uh, old books, old window shades, remnants of wallpaper. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: All sorts of things that eventually were thrown away. interviewer: mm-hmm What- what did you call the- that room? How would you refer to it 579: Oddly enough, we'd call one of them the big room. {NW} It wasn't any bigger than the others, but that's what we called it. #1 The big room. # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 579: And when we added a room to the house, when one of my brothers married, That was a- we'd just call that a plunder room. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That had a great deal of space in it compared to the others. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Let's see, there was one on the East side downstairs two on the East side downstairs. There was only two of them. That's right. Two of them. interviewer: mm-hmm um Talking about the daily housework that a woman would have to do say if- if her house was in a big mess, you'd say she had to? 579: There was plenty of colored help in those days, I mean post-slavery days. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They didn't earn much but it didn't cost them anything like what it costs anybody to live these days. interviewer: mm-hmm You had plenty of- of servants at your #1 house? # 579: #2 Nearly every # household had a cook and a maid. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The cook did the cooking, and the maid cleaned up and made fires and cat-eyed the ashes and so forth. interviewer: mm-hmm um and the thing that you'd sweep with, you'd call that a? 579: The what? interviewer: The thing that people use to sweep with. 579: Sleep in? interviewer: Sweep with. 579: Oh, sweep w- brooms. interviewer: uh-huh And say if- if the broom was in the corner and- like in that corner there and the door was open so that the door was sort of hiding the broom, you'd say that the broom was where? 579: Behind the door. interviewer: mm-kay 579: Although, there are people that- very few people that careless about it; they'd rather put the broom in a closet where it wouldn't show. interviewer: uh-huh You had a lot of closets in your house or? 579: {NW} In our house we had one. interviewer: uh-huh 579: and a little one under the stairs that- {D: well, that was the name before then we changed it} a little one under the stairs you had to stoop to get under it. {D: mm-hmm} It was very small. It would hold rubber shoes and umbrellas and what not. interviewer: mm-hmm um And to get from the, um- you mentioned the stairs. What would you call it outside, um, from the ground up to the porch. Would you call that the stairs too? 579: Stairs. interviewer: mm-hmm But would- would you use an- um would you call it steps? or stairs? or? #1 Stairway? # 579: #2 Well, usually # to correct myself, the- the steps from the {NW} inside walk in the yard up to the porch were called steps. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Inside, from the first floor to the second, were stairs. interviewer: mm-hmm And um you say years ago, on Monday, women usually did the what? 579: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 The clothes # were all dirty. You'd say they have to do the? 579: Oh, a washwoman came and got them interviewer: uh-huh 579: Took them to her house and washed them and ironed them and starched them and brought them back. interviewer: Did you ever see anyone wash the clothes? Did you see how that used to be done? 579: Oh, yes. There was a big round tub and they'd- and a washboard #1 Corrugated # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 579: surface on it and they'd rub the garments and towels and what not on this corrugated metal washboard. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And of course they didn't change the water often enough and uh they really were not very clean. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Incidentally, a careful housewife would never bring- never put the wash when it was brought home on a bed because there was a chance that there might be bed bugs in those garments or towels or what have you. interviewer: Really? 579: Yes, indeed. interviewer: From the washwoman's? 579: From the washwoman's house. interviewer: #1 So you # 579: #2 And once you got # those things, interviewer: uh-huh 579: their name was Legion when they got a start. interviewer: {NW} um What would you call a place now where, um, well, maybe where you could send your shirts to be cleaned? 579: Excuse me while I yawn. The laundry. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They were- they were called steam launderers. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: We had uh Oh, I don't remember more than two Chinese laundries here, everything done by hand. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I remember only two of them. interviewer: Did people used to use that word laundry to mean washing and ironing? Would they ever say I have to do the laundry? Or would they say- 579: No, they would refer to it was the washing. interviewer: uh-huh 579: and things that were brought- that the washwoman brought back was called wash. interviewer: mm-hmm um and say if um if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd tell someone to? 579: Shut the door. interviewer: mm-kay 579: Usually said shut rather than close. interviewer: And, uh, you know, in some houses they have boards that lap over each other, like this. 579: That's what ours had; they call it a weatherboarding. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Ours was weather-boarded with air-cured seasoned hard cypress. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: If you keep it painted, it'll last two hundred years. And, well, we kept ours painted alright but it didn't last that long. eighteen eighty-six to nineteen sixty- uh- eight interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Eighty two years. interviewer: That's a long time. 579: But that cypress, no wood like it in the world, it's just almost eternal. interviewer: mm-hmm um say if- if you were gonna hang up a picture you'd take a nail and a? 579: Hammer. interviewer: and you'd say I- I took the hammer and I what the nail in? 579: The old style nails were pretty substantial. They were what were called cut nails. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Not round ones. Our house had- was built with cut nails. They were just for the name any case they were cut out of metal. interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 579: #2 So # They were square or slightly oblong interviewer: mm-hmm 579: in shape. Several sizes, of course, and they were the very dickens to get out too, oh my goodness. um The- the- the floors were generally hard pine, almost as hard as oak. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Beautiful grain in them and, in the winter, carpets were put down and, in the summer, most people put down what we call matting, made in China, I think. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Strips about a yard wide. Tacks, no end of tacks in them, that ruined the floors. Once you've discontinued the use of the matting and used rows there were rows and rows of scars in the floor made by these big tacks. interviewer: mm 579: God, it was dreadful. Well these- oh, I forgot to tell you about these, uh, picture nails. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They were about two and a half inches long. Very sharp point, they were sharpened by a machine. And, the top was threaded and there was a porcelain, uh, Metal-bound cap that screwed on after you got your picture hung. interviewer: mm-hmm um But tell me about, um, putting the nail in- in the wall. What word would you use to describe that? You'd say I what the nail in? 579: A careful person would hammer on the wall lightly and just move across in a straight line and try to estimate where the joist was interviewer: mm-hmm 579: by the difference in the sound. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It was a bit uncertain but you wanted that in order to get a good surface to support the picture. And some of them were pretty heavy. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Because you y- eh, behi- uh, behind the walls was what we call lath, L-A-T-H. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They were about four and a half feet long and about, uh, an inch and a quarter wide and about quarter inch thick and once the joists were in place carpenters would nail these little laths on there and then plaster was put on top of that. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The plaster would go through the cracks in these laths and run down a little bit inside which acted to put it securely. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Then the surface was plaster Paris, smooth and white, and that was usually covered with wallpaper. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Not paint. It wasn't until a good many years after the old houses were built that some people took to painting the {D: plaster Paris} instead of putting on wall paper. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: So if you were hanging a picture and you drove a nail in the space between two laths, you didn't get a good foundation for it. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It might pull out and fall. interviewer: um What different- Where did you used to keep your stove wood? #1 Did you- # 579: #2 Stove wood? # We had our separate little house out in the yard. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Sometimes it would be divided: stove woo- wood on one side, used in the kitchen interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and coal on the other. Coal was used on our little house and sometimes we used it for cooking. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But very often oak wood was used for the cooking and coal for the heating. I guess the wood was cheaper. interviewer: mm-hmm What did you call that- that house that you kept the wood in? 579: The coal house or the wood house. interviewer: mm-hmm um What about well, you- you had a bathroom inside your house. 579: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 Did # 579: We did, I remember the first one {X} It had a built in tin tub. Ours was one of the early houses in town to have one of them. Up in the attic was a- an iron tank about six feet square. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: A pipe led from that to the cistern. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And there was a pump with a long handle on it and my two brothers would get on this pump and pump water from the cistern up to that tank. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It flowed by gravity down to the built in tin tub but there was no way of heating it so in the bathroom we had a little stove which furnished heat and also a great big saucepan or pot of some kind to heat the water to pour into the tub after you had let the cold water in {NW} That's the best we could do. interviewer: {NW} 579: Oh, that was crude. My goodness, that was crude. interviewer: {NW} 579: There were no- there was no electricity. There were no electric fans. There were no screens. And mosquito bars were used in the summer time. You had to keep the mosquitoes off. Heavens, you couldn't sleep if you didn't have some protection from mosquitoes. And some nights were stifling. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: You'd have no electric fan. You would've been burning a gas light which turned out a great deal of heat. {NW} And then when you went to bed you had to get under this mosquito bar. interviewer: Mosquito bar? 579: Bar. B-A-R. interviewer: #1 Wha- wha- what was that? # 579: #2 It was a netting really. # interviewer: uh-huh 579: And there was almost no air circulation under it. Good gracious, it was just dreadful! I don't know how we stood it. interviewer: {NW} You know, I guess most people in town weren't as lucky as y'all to have bathrooms inside. What did they have? What did they call the the building outside? The bathroom outside. 579: There were no window or toilets and there were outdoor privies we called them. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They called them Chic Sale's Edifices later on. {NW} And uh Oh, that was crude too. Heavens and Earth that was just- I don't know how we lived through it. interviewer: {NW} um 579: One side is for the colored folks and one side for the white folks. interviewer: Mm-hmm Tell me something about the different buildings you'd- you'd have on a farm. Were- were you ever around a farm much? {X} 579: Uh, buildings on farms? interviewer: uh-huh 579: Well, I don't know a thing about that. Never lived on a farm. interviewer: You're- 579: #1 What did-? # interviewer: #2 They would have a corn crib # 579: and a cotton house interviewer: uh-huh 579: and an implement shed to put things like plows- didn't have any tractors in the early days- and, uh, cotton wagons and, uh, {NW} wagons drawn by mules and horses, mostly mules. Ther- there would be, uh, uh, cabins, we call them, all over the plantation. and that's where the colored folks lived. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Very, very crude. Usually there was a pump out in the yard. Up in the delta you can go a certain distance and nearly always find water. But some of it reeks of iron and I don't see anybody stands it. interviewer: um What about the place- the place where the- the animals would stay, the big building? #1 Where you- # 579: #2 Where what? # interviewer: #1 # 579: #2 # interviewer: What about the big building where you could store hay or keep the animals? 579: They were called sheds and barns. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Some of them were just sheds for the, uh, horses and mules. Some were barns with room upstairs for hay and corn. interviewer: What did they call that room upstairs? 579: That was just the loft. interviewer: uh-huh Say if um- if there was too much hay to put up in the loft Oh {X} I'm beyond my depth now. I don't know a thing about that. 579: #1 Well, # interviewer: #2 Well, # 579: I think that they stacked it outside. interviewer: uh-huh 579: And, uh, I do not recall having anything like tarpaulin which is- in the old days was heavy canvas or plastic was unknown, there were no- no plastic covering for haystacks. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That's comparatively modern. interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know, um, what'd they call it when- when they'd cut the hay and dry it and then rake it up in little piles Did you ever hear a word for those little piles of hay? 579: Don't recall any. #1 No # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 579: #1 # interviewer: #2 # What about, um- tell me about the different animals that they had on a farm and- and where they'd be kept. 579: Some of them stayed outdoors, summer and winter. We had mules, which is a habit animal, combination of a horse and a jackass. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Incapable of reducing, uh- reproducing themselves. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Uh, we had hogs and in some cases, uh, sheep and goats interviewer: mm-hmm 579: but mostly horses and mules. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The mules, did they have a work! And they really did it too. interviewer: What- if you had two of those mules working together what would that be called? 579: A team. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Team of mules. interviewer: um did- now you- did you go out very often to- uh, you said your father owned {X} you said your- 579: He managed the p- the- the- the- he managed the plantations that were owned by my mother's father. interviewer: uh-huh Did- did you visit those plantations very often? 579: No, very seldom. He went right often because he had to keep up with what was going on. I went with him once or twice, not often. interviewer: mm-hmm Where were the cows kept? 579: Well, there was nearly always a- well, there had to be, pastures for them. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Because they didn't acquire a great deal of feed except maybe in a severe winter. And there'd be a cow lot where they were milked but, uh, interviewer: Where would the #1 cow # 579: #2 no # hmm? interviewer: Excuse me. Where would the cow lot be? 579: Generally, right next to the barn. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But usually, the- the cattle stayed outdoor summer and winter. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: because we don't have very severe winters here, except rarely. interviewer: mm-mm What about a- a small fenced in place out in the pasture where you could leave the cows overnight for milking? 579: Oh, I don't know too much about that but I th- I think that if there were a great many cows they just stayed outdoors, summer and winter. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a milk gap or cow pen? 579: Cowpen? interviewer: uh-huh 579: People who lived in towns had a cow so they had cowpens. interviewer: uh-huh 579: And what is the other one? Milk what? interviewer: Milk gap. 579: Gap? interviewer: uh-huh 579: G-A-P gap? Never heard of it. interviewer: um What about the hogs? Where would you keep them if you were gonna um, fatten them? 579: They were allowed to run in fields but there had to be a mighty good fence to keep them from getting under or through and running away. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Generally, they just stayed outdoors somewhere in winter. That's been my observation. I never lived on a plantation. interviewer: mm-hmm Well, did you ever see them put in a small or fenced in area? or? 579: For feeding maybe. mm-hmm And these pumps could be found in several locations on the plantation because the stock had to have water. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I don't know how far they have to go to strike water Probably not much more than, uh, thirty feet perhaps. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Sometimes at a more shallow level than that. interviewer: mm-hmm What about, um, the place- where did people used to get their milk and butter? Before they had refrigerators? Or used to keep their milk and butter? 579: I really don't know. My earliest recollection of that is ice refrigerators. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The ice man would come around and bring in a big block of ice and put it in there. And it gradually melted, you know, and the refrigerator would lose its, uh, efficiency. And generally, there was a funnel beneath the refrigerator and a pipe leading down through the floor interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and the dripping just went through that into the ground which was bad practice because that encouraged termites. interviewer: mm-hmm What about- what would you call a farm now where you had a lot of milk cows and sold the milk #1 and butter? # 579: #2 Dairy. # A Dairy. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Well, there were several of those around here and they would come around in a one horse light wagon with the milk in, uh, large milk cans. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And they would have a long handled dipper. They might ring a bell when they got to {X} a hand bell. And you go out there and carry your vessel, you take one of these long handled dippers and draw up milk from the, uh, big can and turn it out into your vessel interviewer: {NW} 579: You could never be too sure about how clean it was either. interviewer: {NW} um You mentioned, um, a field. What would you call a smaller area? Where you had uh, maybe just a little bit of tobacco planted or just some 579: #1 No tobacco # interviewer: #2 {X} # 579: in this country. I think the winters would eat it up before it got strong. Uh, or a garden. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Or a patch. interviewer: uh-huh 579: For example, on the plantations All the negroes who were worth anything had a- had a- a garden patch. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And they would grow greens and, uh, corn and maybe okra and, uh, snap beans and butter beans. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Some of them were not energetic enough or enterprising enough to do that. interviewer: mm-hmm What about, um, what kinds of fences do you remember? 579: They were barbed wire or wire netting with very large {X} probably five and six square but you couldn't use those for pigs because they would get through or dig under. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see a, um, wooden fence that went in and out like this? 579: Very, very few. You don't see those until you get up about Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, up that way. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Not many of them down this way. I have seen a few. interviewer: What are they called? 579: um Zig-zag fence. Maybe called them a zig-zag fence, I don't remember. I never saw many of them. interviewer: Did you ever see, um, a- a fence or a wall that's made out of loose stone or rock? 579: A few. In this particular area, there is what is known as Vicksburg limestone. And it was deposited eons ago when the gulf of Mexico extended as far off as Montana. And the way I happen to know about that is that one time I went to Glacier National Park in Montana- go there some time if you can, beautiful scenery- and the, uh, ranger said eons ago the Gulf of Mexico extended as far up as Montana. But in this particular area along the river Vicksburg limestone was deposited. It's, uh, relatively soft. There's a house on Cherry Street up here, about three block away, the yard is higher than the street and the wall, retaining wall- wall, is that old Vicksburg limestone. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And on the National Cemetery road going straight out Washington Street to the National Cemetery, interviewer: mm-hmm 579: you can see it in the wall on the right hand side of the road. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I walked along that one time. There used to be a ledge ab- above the road, about twenty feet. And I found some of the most exquisite little shells. Exact replicas of the large ones you find on seashores. interviewer: mm 579: There's a man at our apartment whose son is an oceanographer and, uh, he visited him one time and I said wait a minute, let me show you something. I went to my apartment, I got these exquisite little dainty shells and he was very much interested in them. I forgotten how many million years old he said they might be. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Pretty fragile too. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But this limestone is concentrated so much in this particular area that the geologists call it Vicksburg limestone. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: If you get back from the river say, uh, half a mile, you don't see as much as you do close to the river. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever say, um, what sort of fences did people used to have around their yards? 579: Eh, wh- what about the yard? interviewer: What kinds of fences did people used to have around their yards? 579: Usually, they had cast iron fences. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Particularly in front. Sometimes out the side and the front both. They didn't rust. They just lasted and lasted. Sometimes they were made of wrought iron which could be bent Cast iron can't be bent. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And they would have curved designs. Sometimes what we call picket fences, wooden fences and it the- the upright pickets were sharpened like that. they weren't good for boys to play on {NW} interviewer: um 579: The fences- have you ever visited Kentucky? interviewer: No. 579: Ah, that's my second home. Up there they have fences made of wood and the longitudinal pieces- the horizontal pieces are probably uh fifteen feet long and posts another piece and another post, and so on, always white washed. And they just make the place look picturesque behind that are some fine horses. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But we don't see many of those down this way. interviewer: You never lived up in- well, except for when you went to school up there. 579: That's all. interviewer: You've never 579: Two school terms interviewer: uh-huh um You know, when people raise cotton, um, and they get out there and they thin the cotton out, do you remember what term they use for that? When they-? 579: Thinning the cotton out? interviewer: uh-huh 579: Just that. And the picking was all done by hand and machine picking cannot excel hand picking because when the hand picking is done the cotton is clean, that is to say no trash in it. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: but when these big machines go along and suck it out of the bowls they get pieces of bowls and pieces of leaves and oh, some, uh, oh little twigs and what-not. They can't compare with handpicking for the- picking out clean, high-grade cotton. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But the handpicking is too expensive now. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It's pretty hard to get pickers also. They would walk through the fields with a long sack about six feet long trailing behind them, pick cotton, stick it in there, and at the end of the day what they picked was weighed and they were paid so much per 100 pounds for the cotton they picked. That's just out of the question now. You can't get the pickers for one thing. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear the expression chopped cotton? 579: Yes. At a certain stage, when the crop is growing up you have to chop out the weeds. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Else you would have more weeds than cotton, and that is called, uh, Wha- what? interviewer: Chopping. 579: Chopping, yes. Done with heavy hoes. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Now, they have chemicals that just kill that stuff before it gets a start. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Some of it is put on before the cotton comes up, we call that {D: pre-merge} chemical, that is pre-emergence of the cotton. interviewer: mm-hmm What types of weeds and- and grass would grow up in the cotton? 579: Principle enemy is Johnson grass. Heavens and earth it grows thick and hard and strong and, oh, it's just dreadful. Also, what they call tie vines interviewer: mm-hmm 579: which grow all over the place if you don't stop them. And what else I don't know. Those are the two principle ones. interviewer: mm-hmm and um if you wanted to make a hen start laying, what might you put in her nest to fool her? 579: To make her what? interviewer: If you wanted to make a hen start laying? What could you put in her nest? 579: Oh, that's way over my head, I don't know a thing. interviewer: um A little while ago you mentioned, um, a china dish did, um, did you ever see an egg made out of-? 579: I've seen many of them. Uh, that either induced the hen to lay eggs or you could steal all her eggs and she wouldn't- didn't have no sense to notice it. She saw this white china one left there and it didn't disturb her. interviewer: uh-huh What did- what did you call that, a? 579: A nest egg. interviewer: or the ch-? 579: Made of china. interviewer: uh-huh So you'd call that a- a china? 579: We usually just called it a nest egg. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Well, they'd call it a china nest egg. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Because sometimes we'd leave a real egg as a nest egg. interviewer: mm-hmm um and what did you use to carry water in? 579: Water? interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Big buckets. interviewer: What was that made out of? 579: Tin. Enamelware came later. interviewer: What about wood? Did you ever see-? 579: You mean fire wood? interviewer: Or, um, a bucket? or? 579: Oh, wooden buckets? interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Mostly tin because the wooden buckets were not as durable. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Little heavier, too, I guess. interviewer: mm-hmm What about something they could use to carry out food for the hogs in? 579: For the hogs? interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That's over my head too. I don't know. interviewer: Okay. um and something you could cook in, maybe fry eggs in? 579: Excuse me while I yawn. Mostly iron skillets. interviewer: mm-hmm Did that have little legs to it? 579: Little what? interviewer: Did you ever see a skillet that had little legs to it? 579: A little what? interviewer: Legs. #1 So you could set the # 579: #2 Now # Yes, uh. {X} 579: {NW} interviewer: uh What did people used to use to heat up water to make hot tea in? 579: To make what? interviewer: Hot tea. 579: That was generally done on the kitchen stove interviewer: mm-hmm 579: which was fired by wood. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Split and cut in lengths, convenient lengths. interviewer: What would they heat the water in? What would they call the vessel? 579: Most stoves had what we call firebacks which was a cast iron chamber and, um, my recollection is that the water circulated because some of it was hot and some of it was cold and it went into a sort of reservoir so that there'd always be some hot water. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: In fact, we even had some hot water from such a source in our bathrooms after some time had passed. And late at night that would run out. {NW} Wouldn't get a fresh supply until the cook came the next morning and built another fire. interviewer: mm-hmm um Did you ever see a a thing that had a sort of a spout to it and a a handle, maybe made out of iron? 579: A- a spout? Ma- made out of what? interviewer: Well, it's made out of iron, it had a a spout #1 to it. # 579: #2 Kettle, # yes. interviewer: What's that? 579: Cast iron kettle. interviewer: uh-huh 579: That was- very often they were set on top of stoves so that the cook would always have some hot water handy, just pick it up with a cloth and pour some out of the spout. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: For cooking vegetables or making tea or something like that. interviewer: mm-hmm um And did you ever see- this may have been before your time, but did you ever see people wash- maybe some of the poorer people- uh, wash their clothes out in the yard and then they'd take a big, um, vessel made out of iron and heat the water? 579: I never saw them except for many years later. There's one right down this street here. At, uh, another boulevard at a street such as Monroe is. Monroe ran North and South; Jackson street ra- ran East and West. And, in the old days, where that big old pot is now- it's used as a fountain now, interviewer: mm-hmm 579: the town was pretty well quartered. Oh, it was more than bisected, it was quartered. This street was named South Street because it was the southernmost street in the town. Out there were hills {X} and what not, forests. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And there's one of those there. Huge thing. They were on legs although I believe this one isn't Might have been used for a- for making syrup or rendering sugar or interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 579: #2 out of # cane and what not. Anyway, that's the only one I can remember. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Now, of course, I never saw it in use. But on on wash days, very often, a huge vessel like that would be out of the yard with a fire- a wood fire underneath it to provide hot water for washing. interviewer: mm-hmm You mentioned the syrup. Is there another name for syrup? 579: Molasses. {NW} Although there's much difference between molasses and syrup. Syrup's thin, molasses is thick. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: There is also a syrup called sorghum. S-O-R-G-H-U-M. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Which is a separate plant, it's not the- not sugar cane. But it's generally similar to it. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And the syrup is right good. I don't know when I've tasted any. Long time. interviewer: Did you ever hear syrup and molasses called short sweetening and long sweetening? 579: No. There is a substance that is halfway or part of the way between the original rendering, after heating the cane juice to the finished syrup or molasses. It's called quete. Q-U-E-T-E. Not much known in this state, but it is in Louisiana. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And it's delicious. It has- it's very thick, and it has gobs of half formed sugar in it. You get some of that on a hot biscuit! Good. interviewer: hmm 579: I haven't seen any in years. Q-U-E-T-E. Quete. interviewer: It's between the- the molasses and the 579: It's between the time when the, uh, juice from the cane is started in the cooking process and the final rendering into syrup or molasses is completed. interviewer: mm-hmm um Say if- if you were setting the table, um, for people to eat with, you'd give everyone a next to the person's plate, you'd give them a? 579: I was yawning; I missed some of that. interviewer: Well, the- the utensils that people eat with 579: Pretty much the same as now. Except, that some of the old cooking implements such as forks and spoons were pretty clumsy compared to modern ones interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and the tableware owned by the better class of people were made of what is called- was called then coin silver. Practically, the same as sterling silver today. interviewer: hmm 579: Of course, there was plated ware too. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But the better families had what was called coin silver. interviewer: mm-hmm You'd say you'd have a a spoon and a fork and a? 579: Spoons, forks, knives, table spoons, teaspoons. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: About the same as we have now but not as exquisitely made. interviewer: uh-huh To cut your food with you'd use a? 579: Oh, there were knives. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They were not as thin and sharp as modern knives and they didn't have as high-grade metal in them. interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call that- the big, um, kind that you could use for cutting meat? You'd call that a? Do you remember a really big? 579: Uh, they called them, uh, I think choppers or interviewer: Did you ever hear bu- 579: butcher, uh, cleavers, that was, uh, a more modern term I think, yes that was a more modern, uh. Now I don't remember what they called the big ones that butchers used. I don't think they called them cleavers in the old days. If they did, I don't remember it. interviewer: What about just the- a long one that did that have- did you ever hear that called a butcher? 579: That was called a butcher's knife. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It might be, uh, over two feet long. interviewer: mm-hmm And say if the- if the dishes were dirty, you'd say I have to? 579: Wash the dishes. interviewer: And you say "after she washes the dishes, then she" what them in clear water? 579: If they did it properly, yes. There were- came a finer rinsing and then clear water. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Get all the dirt and fragments- get all the, uh, soap and maybe any little fragments of food off that way. interviewer: So you say she- she does what? She- she runs clear water over them then? 579: Rinse. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Rinsed it. interviewer: and um What would you call the- the cloth or rag you use when you're washing dishes? 579: The what kind of bag? interviewer: The cloth or the rag you use when you're 579: Oh, it's just called a dishrag. interviewer: uh-huh What about when you're drying them? 579: What? interviewer: When you're drying dishes. 579: A towel. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Dishtowel. interviewer: And to bathe your face with, you'd use a? 579: Well, they were called wash rags. They were not really rags but they were always called washrags. interviewer: uh-huh 579: They were small. interviewer: What about to dry yourself off with? 579: Towels. interviewer: And do you remember, um, what flour used to come in if people would buy about a hundred pounds of it? 579: In {X} barrels, I think they weighed one hundred and ninety-six pounds. My father had one in the- what we called the store room at home. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: A barrel of flour, a fifty pound can of lard, interviewer: mm-hmm 579: a wooden tub of butter, oh gosh. Pretty strong by the time it got down to the bottom interviewer: {NW} 579: for the lack of refrigeration. And, uh, big slabs of bacon. Nothing like as good as modern bacon. You had to slice across it and then run your knife underneath it and leave the rind, which was the hogs hide. {NW} And we always had a slab of that hanging up in this store room and the store room always had bars on the window. That was to prevent colored folks from getting in and stealing your food. All old houses had barred windows in the storeroom. interviewer: Was the storeroom kept locked? 579: We locked it, of course. Mother was very careful. When she was upstairs she locked the store room. Oh, it was obviously {X} We didn't pay them enough. It was outrageous. True, it didn't cost them as much to live then but still. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: We didn't pay them enough. interviewer: Do you think most Southerners would agree with you about that? I mean you 579: The better class, yes. interviewer: uh-huh Who do you think was- was the most, um, do- do you think the better class of people generally treated negroes fairly well except for not paying them enough? but 579: I think that they treated them well. My mother used to tell me about that. Her mother would- if one of them was sick, she would go and take care of a negro just as much as if it were a white person. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Not all of them, but the better class took good care of their slaves. interviewer: mm-hmm So you think it was just the- the lower class of white people that that really were the most racist and most? 579: There's an interesting side light on that I've had charge of our church records for fifty years or so and I've had access to old minute books and record books. And years and years ago, before the Civil War, of course, slaves were received into the Church under the names of their owners. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Well, say that, uh, a man owned a a male slave named Ben and his family name was Jones. Ben Jones, slave of Mr. Benjamin Jones, was received into the membership of this church upon profession of faith. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And they had uh their own place to sit in the Church. I think it was in the balcony in our old church, down there where the hotel is now. And, uh, the minutes showed that one time a negro applied for membership in the church and he was examined by the church board. For some reason, I don't know what, the Church board having charge of that sort of activity in our church is called the session. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The session is composed of the elders, of which I'm one, and the minister. And he- he appeared before the session and, of course, they questioned him about his convictions of what he believed why he felt impelled to join the church and they concluded that he was not yet ready for it. So, they did not receive him. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Now, whether he came back later and qualified it would take a great deal of searching to find that out; I didn't care that #1 much # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 579: about it. interviewer: Would they used to have integrated churches? 579: It had what? interviewer: They used to have integrated churches 579: #1 No, no # interviewer: #2 way back? # 579: indeed. I still don't like them; that's between you and me. {NW} uh No, they had their own churches. Mostly, which is still true, the ministers were illiterate. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They couldn't compose or deliver a really elevating sermon. They just hadn't had the education. Don't have the intelligence. But most of them love the churches. They like to get in there and, uh, get emotional about it and get to moaning and groaning and yelling and what not. Not as much of that as formerly. There's still a little especially at funerals. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I've gone to one or two of them. The, uh, porter in our ch- in our bank died and I went to the funeral. And it was- it was enlightening to me. They wanted or they- or rather, they liked they liked to have letters of praise for the deceased and tributes to them and so forth and, uh, this person here would have one and that one there would have one and they'd stand up and read them. I had one for our- our porter. He was really a superior negro. Much more intelligent than most of them. And I went into the back door of the church and gave it to an usher, I said "Give this to the preacher and ask him to read it at the proper time." interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I was petrified, I came back in about five minutes said "Mr. {B} we have a seat for you on the platform." So I had to go up there and read it myself. {NW} But they every now and then said "Yes, Lord" "Ain't it so, Lord" and so forth The- they like to let them go at this- at the funerals. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: There's not as much of that as formerly; they're a little more sophisticated now. interviewer: Yea. um If you wanted- in a- nowadays you'd have a kitchen sink and if if you wanted to turn on the water you'd turn on the? 579: Faucet or spigot. interviewer: uh-huh Which- which word to people used to call it? 579: Faucet. interviewer: uh-huh What about, um, out in the yard? What you could hook the hose up to, you know? You'd turn on the? 579: The hose came much later. We'd have an outlet in the yard and hose. By that time of course, we had waterworks indoors. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But before that there was just the cistern, generally in the side yard. At our house, we had had a long handled pump I was talking about right at the edge of the back porch. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: So, my older brothers could stand on it; it had a long handle. Both of them put their weight on it together and forced water up to the tank that fed the tin tub in the bathroom. interviewer: {NW} 579: But, generally, the the- the cistern was in the side yard and had a cistern house built over it, mostly covered with vines to keep the sun off and keep the water fairly cool. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And it was pretty cool, too, down there in that, uh, underground cistern. interviewer: mm-hmm What- what would you have nowadays for turning on the water outside? 579: We would have, uh, a spigot or a faucet outside. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Part of the pipe. interviewer: mm-hmm What about, um, on a say on a water barrel what you could turn and let the the water out would you call that a faucet or spigot too? 579: Oh, you mean in the tub? interviewer: No, on- on a barrel. 579: Oh, a barrel. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Very few persons had just barrels, they had cisterns. The barrel didn't last long enough. interviewer: Well, di- did you ever see a container though that had water in it and do do- you remember what the thing was called that you could turn and let the water out? 579: We generally called it a faucet. interviewer: uh-huh What about the things that run around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 579: Hoops. interviewer: And, something smaller than a a barrel that maybe nails used to come in? 579: Keg. interviewer: mm-hmm and say nowadays if if the, um, light wasn't burning if the electric lamp wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new? 579: Still do, except for fluorescent #1 tubes. # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 579: #1 # interviewer: #2 # What- what do you have to screw in? 579: What? interviewer: What do you call that? You have to screw in a 579: #1 So- # interviewer: #2 new? # 579: The socket. interviewer: uh-huh 579: They were threaded in on the bulb and you screw that in to the socket. Still do. interviewer: And, um, if you were carrying wash out to hang it out on the line you might carry out in a clothes? 579: Basket. Big clothes basket. interviewer: uh-huh And if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster you could hit them with a? 579: Oh, I don't know anything about that. interviewer: Well What'd you call that, that you could? 579: A whip. interviewer: mm-kay and nowadays if if you, um, went to the store and bought something the grocer would put it in a? 579: Paper bag. interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever, um, what about something that flour used to come in, maybe 25 pounds of flour or so? 579: The cloth sack. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And most housewives found some use for those sacks when they were empty, cleaning cloths or something like that. interviewer: mm-hmm What other kinds of sacks or bags did did there used to be maybe made out of rough material? 579: No, those thour- those bags contained flour or sugar or a fairly closely wool one. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Oh, I guess you'd call them, uh, oh, domestic maybe. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and I'd {X} muslin, muslin. interviewer: mm-hmm What about that, um, kind of bag or or sack that feed used to come in? That rough brown cloth, you know? 579: We called it sacking. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Or burlap. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear any other name for that? Tote sack or gunny sack or? croker sack? 579: Both, gunny sack and croker sack. interviewer: uh-huh And say if if you wanted to take some corn to the mill to be ground do you remember the- what they would call the amount that they'd take at one time? 579: Don't know about that, I never lived in the country. interviewer: Well, say if you went out and got as much wood as you could carry in both your arms and say you had a? 579: An armful. interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you ever hear the expression a turn of wood? 579: A turn? interviewer: Uh-huh 579: No, the neighbors all called turns two thousand p- pounds. A turn. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That's the only way I ever heard that used. interviewer: mm-hmm And if you opened a bottle and then wanted to close it back up, you'd stick in a? 579: Well, that has changed over the years. It used to be a cork stopper. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Now, of course, they have, uh, caps that screw on. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Was just a cork or a cork stopper. interviewer: mm-hmm And, this is a musical instrument you'd blow like this. 579: Mouth harp. The- the real name is harpsichord I think. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Or or we just called them- there were also- no, there was another thing that required both hands. It was shaped like- rather pear shaped interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and had a flat blade in the center and the blade stuck out beyond the frame about an inch, I suppose. And I have seen boys interviewer: Playing it? 579: Flip that thing with their fingers interviewer: uh-huh 579: and shape a tune wi- by the mouths, the way they shape their mouths. interviewer: hmm 579: They called- we called it a Jew's harp. {NW} But it, uh, there were not many of those because not many boys were skillful enough to shape their mouths to make a recognizable tune. interviewer: {NW} um And you mentioned you had coal. What would they carry coal in? 579: Hods or coal buckets. interviewer: mm-hmm Was that the same thing? 579: Same thing. interviewer: Did you ever see a fancy thing that would sit by the stove to to hold the wood in? #1 You wel- {D: words} # 579: #2 Lay them {D: words} # They are largely modern. We just had boxes for coal and wood. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Some of them were fancy, overlaid with brass and had lids on them. And, uh, in the early days, the coal buckets were swung in a frame and the the axle, the pivot- which didn't go all the way through, it was just sticking out one on each side- was near the top and you would tilt it to get some coal out of it to put on the fire. interviewer: hmm um And what runs from the stove to the chimney? 579: A stove pipe. interviewer: mm-kay 579: Always a sort of blue-steel color. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And they were very durable, too. They lasted for years. They got full of soot sometime. interviewer: mm-hmm What about, um, this is something you could use if you were going to move bricks or something heavy? It has a little wheel in front. Two handles. 579: Truck. interviewer: Or- 579: We call it a hand truck. interviewer: uh-huh Well, this has a- one wheel though, in front. 579: Wheelbarrow. interviewer: mm-kay The- the truck and the wheelbarrow are different aren't they? 579: Quite. interviewer: mm-hmm and, um, you mentioned, um, plows a little while back. Do you remember there being different names for different kinds of plows? 579: Different what? interviewer: Plows. That you could use to plow up a field. 579: Pile? interviewer: Plows. P-L-O 579: Plows! Oh, they're all called plows. Although, later on some were called harrows interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and some were called disk harrows. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They were quite different. There'd be a row of six or eight of them and then circles with sharp edges and they would have different functions from plows. interviewer: mm-hmm and You remember on- on a wagon did you were you- did you ever? 579: If it was a two handled wagon it had a tongue interviewer: mm-hmm 579: right in the center, one animal on each side. If it was for one horse or mule, it had tongues and, uh, the animal would be right between these two tongues. one on one side, one on the other, lightly built. interviewer: mm-hmm What about, um, on the wagon wheel, um, on the inside, you know, you'd have the- the hub and then the spoke would come out from the hub and that'd fit into the? 579: Rim. interviewer: mm-hmm Wh- Go ahead. 579: The, uh, the wooden wheel- the wooden part of the wheel wa- was what the spokes fit into and that was covered with an iron tread. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Before they got rubber tires. interviewer: What did- the rim was wooden? 579: It had to be because the wooden spokes had to fit into something that would hold them rigidly interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and they could cut slots all around this wooden rim for the spokes to fit into. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Then, the iron rim covering the wooden part interviewer: mm-hmm 579: would be fastened with, uh, bolts or nails of some kind so it wouldn't come off. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see, um, on- when the horse is hitched to a wagon the things that the traces hook onto? 579: The- the traces oh they were fastened to a collar on a horse or mule and it came back to what was called the singletree. interviewer: uh-huh 579: A singletree was a- a- approximately the same width, a little less, just long enough to fit between the two tongues. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and, uh, shafts rather, shafts and, uh, Yes, {NW} there was a singletree #1 at the back # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 579: just beyond the seat of the driver interviewer: mm-hmm 579: fastened in the middle with a pivot so it could turn as a horse or mule turned to go around a corner. interviewer: mm-hmm What about when you had two horses? 579: How many? interviewer: When you had two horses? You'd have 579: Well, most of them that did use two horses or two mules, each one had a separate singletree. interviewer: And then what would hold the two single trees together? It would be the? 579: Oh, uh, a cross member there. I don't know what they called it now. But they were pivoted on that. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Big bolts would go through the singletree and through this which was fastened securely to the shafts for a single one or or to this member that went across which was centered by the tongue. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And one tongue that went out. Oh, they called- they called the one for single animals shafts on each side interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and the tongue was for two animals. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a doubletree or? 579: #1 Yes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 579: That's what I'm talking about now. If the animal was the only one drawing the- the vehicle the traces wait a minute now- is that- the side straps? What are they called? were fastened to a singletree. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: which would turn as needed and for a two team outfit there were two singletrees. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Each one about half the length, a- a doubletrees rather, about half the length of a singletree so that they could move independently {NW} as the horse went around the corner or what not. interviewer: mm-hmm Say, um, if there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a chain to it and I what it out of the way? 579: A log across the #1 road? # interviewer: #2 Yes. # Say if there was a log bl- blocking the road you'd say I tied a chain to it and I? 579: Oh, sometimes they dragged logs for something. I don't know what that was. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Something I never saw. interviewer: mm-hmm Well, talking about doing that, you'd say, um, they have what that log out of the road? They have? If they did that, how would- how would you say that? They have? 579: They pull the log out of the way? interviewer: uh-huh or talking about dragging it you'd say they have? 579: Well, there were some things they called a drag. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: What they did with them, I don't know. But I I know they have them; I've heard of them but I don't know what the function of them was. interviewer: mm-hmm Say if, uh, what would you say someone was doing if he was filling up his his wagon at the wood lot then driving back to his house and unloading it driving back again and filling it up? What would you say he was doing? 579: Don't know about that. interviewer: Well, if someone had a load of wood in his wagon and was driving somewhere, you'd say that he was? 579: Well, he would- he would just be delivering a load of wood. interviewer: uh-huh Would you say he was hauling wood or drawing wood or carting? 579: Cordwood. interviewer: hmm? 579: Cordwood. mm-hmm Or else stove wood. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Cordwood was a pretty uniform length and so was stove wood so it could fit into the fire box on the stove. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They were quite different. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see something, um, an X-shaped frame that you could lay a log across, um, if you were going to chop it? 579: No, never saw that. interviewer: What about something that carpenters use. It's it's built like sort of like that A-shaped frame. You'd need two of these and you'd you'd lay a board between them. 579: Don't know. On- on most plantations in the old days they had what's called sleds. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Well, they were just that. Two runners and, uh, to save the expense of buying a wheeled vehicle and also because they had long lives and it had a platform between the two sled- uh, runners and they would haul things on the dirt roads on plantations on a sled. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: It served the purpose alright. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see something called the sawbuck or sawhorse or? 579: #1 Yes. # interviewer: #2 rack? # 579: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 579: It's made Where were you drawing that picture? interviewer: that? 579: Well, now, if you, uh, if you turn this I don't know how to draw the, uh, the angle but the the sawhorses were made just like that and, uh, there was this piece at the top then down here there'd be cross members interviewer: mm-hmm 579: but you look at this right flat in front, whereas in order to get the cross-eye that I'm talking about you would be facing the edges of these triangular things. And, uh, usually always the tops would extend beyond like that so you could put a board across there to saw in two. interviewer: So you'd just need one of those? 579: No, you'd need two. One on each one. Uh, where the- where the legs crossed that made a notch. interviewer: Oh, #1 it's # 579: #2 and # interviewer: sort of X-shaped where it crossed? 579: Yes, the- the- the sawhorses would be X-shaped and the edge of it would go beyond so as to put a piece of wood interviewer: uh-huh 579: in there. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: #1 but # interviewer: #2 Oh, I see. # 579: you looking at it from, uh, in front and I'm talking about it from the side. interviewer: mm-hmm I see. 579: Same thing but from the side. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I wouldn't know how to draw it. interviewer: And a woman would- would fix her hair using a comb and a? 579: Comb and brush. interviewer: And if she was going to use that she'd say she was going to what? 579: #1 Comb her # interviewer: #2 {X} # 579: hair, brush her hair. interviewer: uh-huh 579: No change in that. interviewer: And you'd sharpen the straight razor using a? 579: I use them. I have one for every day of the week. And you can use what's called a hone which is a form of stone. It has to be a different texture from an ordinary honing, uh, sharpening stone. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and a strop S-T-R-O-P not a strap but a strop. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: which generally has one side for beginning to sharpen the razor and the other side for finishing it. interviewer: mm-hmm What else did- what did people have to sharpen their knives on? 579: Butcher knives- not- I- I mean carving- carving knives were always provided with a long narrow stone and if you knew how to handle the thing properly you would rub it up and down both sides of the, uh, knife and sharpen it- the blade that way. interviewer: What would they call that stone? 579: They just called it a sharpening stone. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear whet? 579: What? interviewer: Whet rock or whet 579: #1 Whet stone. # interviewer: #2 stone. # 579: That's a little different. Uh, sometimes, they were grindstones and sometimes they were flat ones for finer work like sharpening pocket knives or or table knives, that would be a whet stone. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and they the other would be a grindstone and would be a disk of coarser stone and it'd be used to sharpen, uh, hatchets and axes and things like that and it sometimes was operated with a foot pedal. interviewer: mm-hmm and what would people- what would you put in a pistol? 579: In what? interviewer: In a pistol. 579: Iced tea or iced interviewer: #1 or # 579: #2 water or # interviewer: No, a pistol that you shoot #1 with. # 579: #2 Oh, # pistol interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Oh Well, back then in the Civil War days they used paper cartridges. I never saw one of them. But within my time nothing but metal cartridges with the powder inside and a bullet on the end. interviewer: mm-hmm and This is something that children play on. It's a board and it you lay it across the trestle. 579: Uh, We call that a seesaw. interviewer: uh-huh If you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were doing what? 579: Oh, just playing on the seesaw. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: We also have what we call joggling boards. which were about, uh, fifteen feet long. and on uprights, not like that. Flat. They, uh, the side members did not cross each other like that. They were apart. And stout pieces ran across and the board fit inside of that and you'd get in the middle and jump up and down and get some pretty good exercise and fun out of it. They were called joggling boards. interviewer: The board was fixed down at both ends now? 579: The board was what? interviewer: The board was fixed down at both ends? 579: #1 It- it was # interviewer: #2 Not like the seesaw. # 579: It was, uh, it was they slid they slid the board between these two upright pieces holders which were stout and well made and the board fit between two cross pieces at the top. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: So, it wouldn't just fly off. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And they were always called joggling boards. We joggled on them. interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 579: #2 up and # down and interviewer: That's kind of interesting. That, um, I didn't know they had those in in this area. I know they had them in Charleston which is- is where you said your 579: #1 Oh yes, we had them when we were boys. # interviewer: #2 your mom was from. # Did most people in this that was pretty common in this in Vicksburg? 579: #1 Yes # interviewer: #2 Joggling # #1 boards? # 579: #2 Quite. # mm-hmm interviewer: Huh, that's interesting. Um, do you think your- your mother had them when she was little? or would you know? 579: I shouldn't be surprised. I don't know. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But I can remember a good many when we were boys. interviewer: So- so it wasn't just your family? It was 579: What? interviewer: Most of the the children in the neighborhood played with 579: No, I wouldn't say that most of them had them. Sometimes, the yards were not large enough. Although, in some cases they were so large that cutting the grass in the summer time was quite a job. interviewer: {NW} What about something that you'd play on that'd, um, spin around? Take a board and 579: I don't remember any of those. They came later. Merry-go-rounds, I believe they're called. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But there- there were very few of those. interviewer: mm-hmm And you could take a a tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on that and make a? 579: Swing. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Usually there were two ropes and a seat between them. Very popular. They still are at the Catholic Sister's school up here a block and a half away. That's one of the most popular things. They get in those seats and swing way up and they seem to enjoy it hugely. Sometimes, there's only one rope and the seat had a hole bored in the middle and the rope goes through that and is knotted or something. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But they prefer the ones with two ropes and a seat that doesn't require so much skill and balancing. interviewer: mm-hmm and the thing that- that people drive nowadays they don't drive horses and and wagons they- everybody has a? 579: Car. interviewer: mm-hmm Any other name for car? 579: No, just auto or automobile. interviewer: uh-huh And, if something was squeaking and you wanted to lubricate it, you'd say you had to? 579: Oil or grease. interviewer: hmm? 579: Oil or grease. interviewer: But what if you put the grease on it you'd say you? 579: Oiled it or greased it. interviewer: mm-kay and um if, if your car needed, um, to be greased you'd you'd ask someone to take it in and and you'd ask them to do what to it? 579: We'd take it to a service station and say give it a good lubricating job. interviewer: mm-kay or and if grease got all over your hands, you'd say your hands were all? 579: Greasy. interviewer: mm-kay and what did you used to burn in lamps? 579: Kerosene, although we usually called it coal oil. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see a, um, someone make a lamp? themselves using a rag and a bottle? and some of this kerosene? 579: Make a what? interviewer: A lamp. using a rag #1 and a bottle? # 579: #2 No # I'm told that colored folks used to do that and here's an interesting little item on that. We had yellow fever here in the South oh, for years. I don't mean year after year but just crop up every now and then. And, uh, it was not known in those days that a certain species of mosquito transmitted yellow fever. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: So, everybody who could just left town and went somewhere else where there were no mosquitoes and they stayed there until we got word from home that the yellow fever had died out. And why did it die out? Because the cold weather killed the mosquitoes. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They just knew that after two frosts say, or three the yellow fever died out. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And the colored folks would burn rags or paper, generally rags because it burned more slowly, in their yards and uh they didn't know that it was because it killed the mosquitoes. The smoke killed the mosquitoes or drove them away. interviewer: hmm 579: and it was not until uh, uh, oh, a government doctor. {D: G- Gallus?} um Don't know who he was. He experimented with some soldiers in Florida or the canal zone. I think it was in the canal zone. And found out what caused yellow fever to be transmitted. It was this mosquito. He would bite a person who had it and then go and bite another one and then that person would have it. So, from that time on houses were screened and, uh, if they were not screened then mosquito bars were used. And, in time, they made a great deal of progress in coating ponds or ditches with some kind of, uh, generally some kind of petroleum based preparation interviewer: mm-hmm 579: in which the mosquitoes could not breathe and live. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And that was when we began to control yellow fever. interviewer: hmm 579: But up to that time we just knew that after two frosts or so it died out, but we didn't know it was because the mosquitoes were killed. interviewer: mm-hmm Where would you go? 579: Where did we go? Well, we went to, uh, Danville, Kentucky, my college town one time and Elk Park, North Carolina another time and Clarksville, Tennessee another time. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And we just stayed until the mosquitoes- until the yellow fever died out. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: In one of our church minute books, eighteen forty something the minister preached a historical sermon one time. It was in the eighteen seventies that he preached it but he referred to this terrible yellow fever epidemic of eighteen forty-something. And he was very flowery about it. He said "for six long and weary weeks we bore the dead to their graves in an almost unending stream" uh, "the heads of families perished the eloquent orator and the learned lawyer the" can't remember- "the the maiden was cut down in the bloom of her youth and beauty the heads of households were swept away leaving weeping widows and desolate orphans." Now he- he spread himself on that. It was interesting. But at that time, nobody had any idea that mosquitoes were transmitting it. interviewer: mm-hmm um this- this lantern or that, um, the colored people would make, did you ever hear that called a flambeau? 579: No, a flambeau was for light as I understand it. interviewer: What- what was the flambeau like? 579: Never saw one. But another name for it would be a torch. interviewer: mm-hmm Do you- wha- how do you- you picture that? You say it was for light? 579: I just guess now that it was cloth or cotton fastened on the end of a pole or an iron rod moistened with kerosene, petroleum, some kind of oil that would burn interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and it was set fire and that would create some light. Flambeau is a French word I believe. interviewer: mm-hmm um and inside the tire of the car you have the inner? 579: The what? interviewer: Inside the tire of the car you have the inner? 579: Tube. interviewer: mm-hmm and if someone had just built a boat and they were going to put it in the water for the first time, you'd say they were going to? 579: Launch it. interviewer: What different kinds of boats did people have for small boats for fishing? 579: Usually skiffs or bateaux. Bateaux is a French word, too. B-A-T-E-A-U-X. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And, uh, most of them the large- all the larger ones had seats and oarlocks for two sets of oars. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: If you- especially if you got to the curb {D:Words} You would need two good stout oars. One to buck that curb. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The boats were usually flat-bottomed skiffs we called them. Later on, two pretty well-to-do men here built a- had built rather a steam launch. It had a little upright boiler and a steam engine in it. It was pretty large by that time And they would go up and down the river in that and go over to, uh, Bear Lake in Louisiana for hunting and fishing during season. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and uh I recall only one, the Rambler. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Some friends of mine that lived around the corner were interested in it {B} and mistook {B} Mister {B} son is down at - grandson- downstairs at the bank there. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But that was the only one I can recall around here. interviewer: mm-hmm This- this bateaux, was it pointed? at each end or? 579: #1 No, square. # interviewer: #2 flat or? # 579: A skiff was pointed at the front end but not at the back. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But bateaux was square at both ends. interviewer: Did you ever hear of a pirogue? 579: Yes, I've heard of them only in use down in the Louisiana bayous. I don't think I ever say one. interviewer: mm-hmm say um if a child was just learning to dress themself the mother would bring in his clothes and tell him here? 579: I don't know. Never had any children to dress {NW} interviewer: Well, would you say here are your clothes or here's you clothes or? #1 How would you say that? # 579: #2 I don't # interviewer: #1 # 579: #2 # Don't know. I suppose eventually said "now, it's time you learn to dress yourself." interviewer: uh-huh and say if- if you went in to a food store and they had a new kind of cheese and they wanted you to try it, they'd offer you a free? 579: Very often they would cut off a piece and give it to you to try it. interviewer: and they'd call that a free what? 579: um, um No. I think it's just called a sample. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But way back yonder when I was a small boy they used a French term, lagniappe. L-A-G-N-I-A-P-P-E. Which was something that they gave you as a gift in addition to what you bought. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And it got to be a custom, especially in Louisiana and particularly in New Orleans. People expected a lagniappe of some kind or other. interviewer: Did they use that term around here in Vicksburg? 579: They used to when I was a small boy. the custom died out. interviewer: hmm interviewer: hmm #1 That's interesting. # 579: #2 But in # New Orleans, oh, that was regular procedure. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Give 'em something for lagniappe. interviewer: uh-huh And what might a woman wear over her dress in the kitchen? 579: A woman what? interviewer: What would a woman wear over her dress in the kitchen? 579: Usually, nothing but an apron. interviewer: mm-hmm And to sign your name in ink you'd use a? 579: Pen. interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place? 579: Safety pins. interviewer: And a dime is worth? 579: A what? interviewer: A dime is worth? 579: Ten cents. interviewer: mm-kay And 579: And nickels became known as jitneys after a while. interviewer: Jitneys? 579: J-I-T-N-E-Y. interviewer: hmm Wh- Well, how did they get that name? 579: {NS} Can't imagine. We had street cars years and years ago and after they'd discontinued- well, before those we had horse drawn cars. They were not as large. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But after the street cars were discontinued, eh some men r- operated what they called jitneys around here. It was a form of public transportation which would could carry a few persons. Maybe uh one in the front seat and three in the back. The fare was pretty low and they called 'em jitneys. interviewer: mm-hmm Was the fare a nickel? Is that 579: I don't remember. I think so. Must have been a nickel. Don't see how they made any money on it. Gasoline was not ex- as expensive then. interviewer: And say if a man was going to go to church on Sunday, what what would he wear? 579: Generally, a blue suit. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And sometimes and very frequently blue serge, S-E-R-G-E, suit which, in time, grew shiny and slick on the seats of the trousers. {NW} interviewer: Th- this used to be a three part suit, didn't it? 579: The what? interviewer: Used to be a three part suit, didn't it? Three piece suit? 579: Coat, vest, and trousers. There are still some. interviewer: uh-huh Is there any other name for trousers? 579: Pants. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Britches. interviewer: And say the if a man was out, um, working around the, uh, barn or working outside he might wear something, it'd come up all the way? 579: Overalls. interviewer: uh-huh And say if you went outside without your coat then you got cold and you wanted it you might tell someone would you go inside the house and what me my coat? 579: Put on a coat or a sweater or a jacket. interviewer: Or if it's inside you your coats inside, you'd ask someone else to go go inside and what me my coat? 579: Uh i- uh, if you were outside you want to send somebody inside? interviewer: uh-huh 579: You just tell 'em what you wanted and where to look for it. #1 Coat # interviewer: #2 Okay # 579: jacket, sweater, what it might be. Although, the term jacket is comparatively new. interviewer: mm-hmm And say if, um, if you came home from from work and, um, say a man came home from work and there was a a package there, um, You ask where did it come from? Uh, his wife might say well, the delivery boy what it here? 579: Usually, the delivery boy'd bring it from a store. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Grocery store, clothing store, what have you. Hardware store. interviewer: So, she'd say well, um, this afternoon the delivery boy? 579: Most likely she would say, uh, say Jones's Jones's grocery store sent it or Smith's hardware store or uh interviewer: Or talking about bringing it, you'd say they what it here? 579: Never used the term fetched. They'd say bring. interviewer: mm-hmm How how would you say it? You'd say this afternoon they what it? 579: Brought it. interviewer: hmm? 579: Brought it. interviewer: mm-kay And um and or another way of saying that, you'd say they have what this package here? They have? Using 579: Oh, you're speaking of of the person who sent it or the person who brought it? interviewer: Well #1 talking about # 579: #2 Well # interviewer: bringing it, you'd say they have what it here? 579: Brought it. They have brought it here. They brought it here or have brought it here it just interviewer: mm-kay 579: Colored folks would say toted. interviewer: Wh- white people would never say tote? 579: Oh, yes, some of the, uh, less educated ones. interviewer: uh-huh What about fetch? 579: About what? interviewer: What about fetch? Fetch? 579: Fetch. Seldom used. Mostly in the north and east. #1 Mainly in # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 579: the east. We al- almost never use it down here. interviewer: mm-hmm And you'd say, well, that coat won't fit me this year but last year it what perfectly? 579: It fit perfectly. interviewer: #1 And # 579: #2 Or # we might say fitted. interviewer: mm-hmm And say if a man had an important interview and his clothes weren't in very good shape, he'd go out and buy a? 579: Well, he'd hardly do that just for one interview even when clothing cost less. He'd probably, uh, put on his Sunday suit. interviewer: uh-huh Well, if he had just bought it, it would be a brand? 579: Brand new. interviewer: What? 579: Brand new suit. interviewer: uh-huh And if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets, it makes them? 579: Bulgy. interviewer: And you say, well that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it? 579: Shrank. interviewer: And you'd say every shirt I've washed has? 579: Has shrunk. interviewer: And I hope this new shirt won't? 579: Not shrink. interviewer: And if a woman liked to put on good clothes, she'd say she likes to? 579: Dress up. interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 579: Yes. interviewer: What if she likes to spend a lot of time in front of the mirror and straightening her hair and putting on make up? 579: Primping. interviewer: Well, would you say that about a man? 579: What? interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 579: No. interviewer: Okay. And what do people use to carry their coins in? 579: Purses. interviewer: mm-hmm And something that a woman might wear around her wrist? 579: Bracelet. interviewer: And around her neck? 579: Necklace. interviewer: Or, talking about beads you'd call that a? 579: Well, they would mention beads, yes. interviewer: You'd call that a what of beads, a? 579: String of beads. interviewer: mm-kay And what did mean used to wear to hold up their trousers? 579: Galluses. #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 Okay # 579: No, suspenders. interviewer: uh-huh 579: But, uh, again, the persons who were not so well educated would call them galluses. interviewer: mm-hmm What about the last thing that you put on a bed? You know the fancy cover? 579: Counterpane. interviewer: How was what was that like? Was that made or? 579: Well, it's called a spread today. interviewer: mm-hmm What about something that would be put on the bed for warmth? A lot of little things sewn together and? 579: Quilt or #1 a # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 579: comfort. interviewer: Are those the same thing now? 579: Quilts are quite different from a comfort. They are or used to be made of uh odd pieces of cloth that women sewed together but they didn't have anything like the warmth that a down filled comfort or wool filled comfort has. interviewer: mm-hmm And at the head of the bed, you put your head on a? 579: Pillow. interviewer: Do you remember seeing something about twice as long as a pillow? 579: About what? interviewer: About twice as long as a pillow? 579: Bolster. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That stretched a whole length of the top of the bed. interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear the expression around here it went plum across the bed or clean across the bed or? 579: Both. interviewer: What- would you use either? 579: Oh, I don't know which was most used. Clean, I guess. interviewer: How how would people use those expressions? 579: What? interviewer: How would gi- give me examples of how they'd use those expressions? 579: Well, the bolster stretches clean across the top of the bed. interviewer: uh-huh What about plum? Would? 579: It would most likely be clean instead of plum. interviewer: mm-hmm What you heard both around here? 579: Yes. Mostly clean. interviewer: Would you use that word yourself? 579: I guess so. Yes, I've used it. interviewer: mm-hmm And say if you had a lot of company in over and didn't have enough beds for everyone. For the children, you might make a? Down on the floor, you'd make a? 579: Well, there's a term trundle bed but I don't think I've ever heard it used. Usually a cot. interviewer: mm-hmm Well, something I mean just directly on the floor by spreading the quilts on the floor. 579: That'd be a pallet I guess but I've never heard it used around here. interviewer: mm-hmm Where where did you hear the word? 579: What? interviewer: Where did you hear that word? 579: Pallet? interviewer: mm-hmm 579: In books. interviewer: mm-hmm And talking about, um, land, you might say, well, we expect to get a big crop from that field because the soil is very? 579: Fertile. interviewer: mm-kay And what different types of land are there? 579: What? interviewer: What different types of land are there? 579: Sandy loam. L-O-A-M. Buckshot. Miserable stuff. interviewer: Is sandy loam good? 579: Yes. That's about all I can think of. Buckshot and sandy loam. interviewer: What about gumbo? 579: Oh, gumbo! Certainly oh. That's dreadful. If you're if you get caught in a in a gumbo section of road, that is, if you did get caught in the old days before they were paved, sometimes your wheels would just spin around and you'd stay there. interviewer: {NW} 579: Very sticky and slippery and interviewer: mm-hmm 579: not fertile land anyway. interviewer: What's the difference between gumbo and buckshot? 579: I don't know. Pretty much alike I think. interviewer: Neither of them is much good for growing anything? 579: What? interviewer: Neither of them is much good for growing things? 579: I'm not enough of a farmer to answer that. I from what I've heard people say over the years they prefer sandy loam to either of #1 the others. # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 579: One of 'em, I think buckshot, would get into very hard cakes if there wasn't much rain and I just don't see how any tender young plant could work through those cakes of hard mud. interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call, um, the flat land maybe along a stream? 579: Uh, flat land along a stream? interviewer: mm-hmm #1 Or a river. # 579: #2 A bottom. # interviewer: Hmm? 579: A bottom. interviewer: mm-kay What about a a grass land that uh, well, a a field that's good for clover or alfalfa, something like that? Just a a grassy piece of land? 579: We call it pasture land. interviewer: mm-hmm What about meadow or prairie? {D: Dago} 579: Meadow is very seldom used down this way. It's generally a pasture. interviewer: mm-hmm What about, um land that's got water standing in it most of the time? 579: {NW} Well, it might be called swampy land or boggy land. interviewer: mm-hmm Does does a swamp have trees growing in it? 579: Yes, mostly cypress trees. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And some others. But, usually, second growth or third growth cypress interviewer: mm-hmm 579: grows where water is standing almost constantly. interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call it down around, um, the sea? Sort of uh, where you have salt hay, you know? 579: Near the sea you #1 say? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Wet wet ground near near the gulf maybe? 579: There's some grasses that grow down there and palmettos. interviewer: Would you call that a swamp or marsh or? 579: Both. Mostly swamp. interviewer: mm-hmm And say if you were draining a swamp, the things that you'd dig to get that water out you'd call that a? 579: Ditch or sometimes a drainage ditch. interviewer: mm-hmm And something along the side of the road to carry the water off? 579: A ditch again. interviewer: mm-hmm What about if if you had had kind of a a heavy rain {NW} and the rain water had had cut a little sort of a cut a a channel you'd? 579: We'd call it a a wash or a gully. If it's very large, we call it a gully. interviewer: mm-hmm If it's small it's a wash? 579: Maybe call it a wash, yes. interviewer: mm-hmm and If you had some water flowing along you'd call that a? 579: You mean alongside a road for example? interviewer: Mm well, just anywhere just out in a field just it's from well, you could have a river. It'd be pretty big. 579: Uh we'd call it a, oh, sometimes a creek. but usually a bayou. interviewer: What's the difference? or is there a difference? 579: Don't know exactly. I always think of a creek as having clear water in it. A bayou, never. interviewer: What do you mean clear water? You mean a a bay the water's been standing in a bayou? 579: No mud in it. Clear water. There's very little of that in this country. interviewer: Very little clear water? 579: Uh clear water. Mostly b- muddy water. interviewer: mm-hmm What are some of the, um, anything smaller than a creek? Or bayou? 579: Can't think of anything, no. interviewer: mm-hmm What are some of the names of some of the streams in this area? 579: Well, we have the Big Black River which is neither big nor black. It's muddy. Winds a great deal. Originates up here in the northeastern part of the state somewhere and it empties into the Mississippi about, uh forty miles below Vicksburg. And the Yazoo River, an Indian name, which came into the Mississippi, or was led into it by the U-S engineers, and flows past Vicksburg right now for the reason that in eighteen seventy-six the river in its uh meanderings would cut across instead of going around a long bend like that, it cut across. General Grant tried to do that when he was besieging Vicksburg but he didn't make it in eighteen sixty-three. But, in eighteen seventy-six it cut through there. Well, that left Vicksburg on a part of that bend right here that filled up with mud in the low water stage and steamboats couldn't come up here. So we had uh a floating wharf board down here in the river interviewer: #1 You had a what? # 579: #2 And they had to go # there. And they would go through the cutoff and skip this part that used to be the old bed interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 579: #2 because # it there was not enough water in there to float a boat. I walked across the old bed of the river right down there many time over to what we call Centennial Island which was left after the cutoff flowed around the bend and left that a island sticking out into the old river. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And, uh, in high water, steam boats, and we used to have as many as, uh, I read about it in the paper every now and then, many as six coming in in one day right at the city front there. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But, that was before the cut off. But in high water they could still come there and that big boat down there, the, uh {D: sprig} have you seen that? An enormous tow boat formerly owned by one of the standard oil companies. It pushed huge barges of, uh, barrels of oil and tanks of oil and what not and it was, uh, found obsolete after diesel engines were developed. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: So it's tied up down there they gave it to the city. It's now it has a now h- now has a restaurant on it {NS} and is used as a theater by the little theater for presenting a melodrama. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Called gold in the hills. Very entertaining. interviewer: mm-hmm What, um, what do you call that place where the boats stop? When the freight's unloaded? 579: We call it a landing. interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 579: #2 And they # call that the city landing down there. It's paved now. interviewer: mm-hmm What what about something smaller than a river? What, um, are there different what are some of the names of some of the creeks? or bayous in this area? 579: Let's see, there's Chickasaw Bayou and, uh, let's see, the Sunflower River, well, that's larger than the Yazoo. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: uh Bayou Pierre down near Port Gibson thirty miles south. That's a little smaller than the Big Black. uh Oh, yeah, up north of Vicksburg about ten miles they have what they call Skillikalia Creek. But that country is a little stony. Some of that Vicksburg limestone I was talking about. interviewer: mm 579: The water is clearer. That must be an Indian name. Skillikalia. S-K-I-L-L-I-A-H S-K-I L-K-I-L L- I-A-H. Skillikalia, that's about it. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And uh well, let's see, Glass Bayou. Don't know how it got that name. Let's see, the Sunflower, the Tallahatchie River the Sunflower River, both of them are larger than the Big Black River. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: None of them is right in the immediate neighborhood. Many of 'em have Indian names. interviewer: mm-hmm Is, uh, you mentioned a port. Is a port the same as a landing? 579: Is what? interviewer: You mentioned Port Gibson. Is a port the same as a landing? 579: {NW} Well, Port Gibson {D: may on the r-} may have been on the river once but it changes its channel so often that it hasn't been on the river in a long long time. I don't know whether that was ever on the river or not. It might have been. Otherwise I #1 don't know # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 579: why it'd have been called Port Gibson. A very old town. They've had schools and there not colleges, schools oh, for more than a hundred years. interviewer: mm-hmm But is what's the difference between a port and a landing? Or is there any difference? 579: Yes. A landing is a very simple affair. It's any place where a boat could pull up and put a gangplank ashore. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And a port is, well, we have a port up here. at the north end of what used to be the river. and is now accommodating the Yazoo, diverted through by the U-S engineers. But that's quite a sophisticated affair. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: They have storage eleva- uh, storage spaces and elevators. and, uh, uh, a towboat factory and, uh, oh, a number of different uh industries up there. That's interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That's much more sophisticated than a landing. interviewer: mm-hmm and If you had a stream of water that was flowing along and suddenly it dropped off and went on over you'd call that a? 579: We have mighty few of those here. There's one in the Yazoo River. About ten miles north of us. That limestone I don't know what they call it, falls, I guess. But we have mighty few of them here, mighty few. interviewer: mm-hmm and To open the door, you take hold of the door? 579: Sometimes we say shut it. interviewer: For the door the thing you turn on the door, the door? 579: Well the handle. interviewer: Or? 579: Knob, knob. interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever use that word knob talking about land? To mean something like a hill or? 579: Never heard of it. Or if you get up into uh Kentucky for example they have low mountains they call knobs. interviewer: uh-huh 579: None in this country. interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp? 579: A precipice. interviewer: Or, say someone jumped over the #1 the? # 579: #2 pr- # precipice. interviewer: Or the overhanging thing would be the? 579: I think we'd call it a precipice. We don't have 'em in this country. interviewer: uh-huh And say, um, what different types of roads do you have around here? 579: Roads? interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Asphalt. Concrete. Years ago, we had nothing but dirt roads and gravel roads but, oh, its been many years since we replaced those. interviewer: What did they use in the asphalt roads? 579: They are the dark colored roads you see without any seams in them. interviewer: uh-huh 579: And, uh, they are easily repaired. Not quite so durable as a concrete road. But they've improved the quality of the material they put into them a great deal. They last a pretty long time. They're quiet, quieter as the car rolls along than a concrete road would be. interviewer: mm-hmm um what would you call a, um, little road that goes off the main road? 579: {D: Excuse me while I yawn.} A side road. interviewer: mm-hmm and what about a road that has a fence or trees on both sides of it? 579: Well, in some parts of the country they would call that a lane. But that's seldom used down here. interviewer: #1 Well # 579: #2 A lane # is generally short leading perhaps from the main road to somebody's property. interviewer: mm-hmm And a road in um town would be called a? 579: A road what? interviewer: A road in town would be called a? 579: Street. interviewer: And along the side of the street you have? For people to walk on? 579: Sidewalks. interviewer: You know, there's a a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street. 579: No, because the sidewalk is strictly for pedestrians. interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 579: #2 And it's # it runs along the edge of a street. interviewer: Well, sometimes there's a some grass growing between the sidewalk and the street. #1 It's- # 579: #2 Grass # plot. interviewer: mm-hmm and say if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say, well I guess he's not? 579: At home. interviewer: And, um, if someone was walking in your direction, you'd say he's coming straight? 579: Walking in what? interviewer: In your direction. You'd say he was walking straight? What? 579: Toward me. interviewer: hmm? What was that? 579: T-O-W-A-R-D. Toward me. interviewer: uh-huh and if you went into town and happened to see a friend of yours that you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say, oh, I just happened to run? 579: I'd say what? interviewer: I just happened to run? 579: Into. interviewer: mm-kay 579: Jim, we'll say. interviewer: uh-huh And if a child's given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child? 579: Well, that's a little confusing. For example, I have a sister-in-law named {D: Daniella} and sh- she's always been called Danny. She has a daughter named Danny who has a daughter named Danny and her sister has a daughter named Danny. All of 'em {D: Daniella} is shortened to Danny. interviewer: uh-huh 579: So we just have to sort of {D: vary everything else} just a little bit in a case like that. interviewer: uh-huh Well, you'd say say they named she named her daughter? 579: Named what? interviewer: You'd say that the daughter was named? #1 What? # 579: #2 Dan- # Danny. interviewer: What her mother? 579: Her mother's named Danny too. {NW} interviewer: Would you say they named the girl from her mother or? After her mother? Or? 579: After. interviewer: Uh-huh 579: We don't say named for, we say named after. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: May not be right, but that's what we say. interviewer: {NW} and If you were walking along and an animal jumped out and scared you, you'd say I picked up a? 579: You're walking along and what? interviewer: And an animal jumped out and scared you. You'd say I I picked up a? 579: We wouldn't use that term, picked up with. We'd say a dog ran out and scared me. interviewer: And then I I did what? I picked up a? 579: Well, we'd say a rock but that's not the proper term. A rock is a huge thing interviewer: mm-hmm 579: We'd pick up a stone. interviewer: And and I what it at #1 it? # 579: #2 And # throw it. interviewer: Anything you'd say besides throw? 579: Anything what? interviewer: Any other expression people would use besides I threw it at him? 579: No. Some people say shy and some say heave but we don't. interviewer: mm-hmm and something that people drink for breakfast? 579: Coffee. interviewer: And if you wanted some coffee um You'd say I want to go what some coffee? 579: I want a cup of coffee. interviewer: Well, if there wasn't any ready, you'd say I have to go? 579: Have to go? interviewer: Have to go what some coffee? If there if the coffee hasn't been prepared, you'd say I have to? 579: I have to go now. interviewer: Have to go what some coffee? Say I have to go cook some coffee or? boil some coffee or? 579: Oh well usually if the coffee was not ready you'd say I can't wait I've got to go now. interviewer: uh-uh Well, what expression would you use? Would you say I have to make some coffee? or boil some coffee or cook some coffee? 579: You mean the person who's going to serve it to you? interviewer: uh-huh 579: Yes. They would say make. interviewer: Okay And tell me about putting milk in your coffee. You'd say some people like it? 579: Black. interviewer: What? 579: Black. interviewer: What's black coffee? 579: Without any milk or milk substitute. interviewer: uh-huh And you said some people will eat corn flakes dry but most people like them? 579: With milk or cream. interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say this morning I what breakfast at seven oh clock? 579: I what? interviewer: This morning I what breakfast at seven oh clock? 579: Ate breakfast. interviewer: mm-kay 579: Ate breakfast. interviewer: and yesterday at that time I had already? 579: Eaten breakfast. interviewer: And tomorrow I will? 579: Will eat breakfast. interviewer: And something that people eat for breakfast made out of ground up corn? 579: Made out of what? interviewer: Ground up corn. 579: There isn't much of that but we have corn flakes well grits, of course, grits. interviewer: uh-huh 579: We've eaten grits around here ever since I can remember. Scores and scores of years. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Makes a good breakfast dish too if you have enough butter in it. interviewer: What about something that, um, that'd take the corn and soak it in lye water? 579: We call that, uh, hominy. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Sometimes it's called big hominy. Sometimes grits are called hominy. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: But usually just grits. interviewer: mm-hmm What about something that's white. It's made from inside of a grain and it grows in wet places. It grows in Louisiana a lot. 579: Made from the inside of what? interviewer: A grain. It's a it's a #1 starch. # 579: #2 Mush? # Mush is made with a meal #1 corn meal. # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Well, no, this is its something its real common it's it's white and it grows in Louisiana. 579: It's a breakfast dish? interviewer: Oh no, no, its not a breakfast dish. It's just something people eat. It's a starchy food. 579: I don't know. interviewer: It starts with an R. 579: What? interviewer: It starts with an R. 579: R? interviewer: uh-huh It's real it's real common. People in China and Japan eat it a lot. 579: Can't think what it is. mm Begins with R. What time is it? interviewer: I'm not sure. 579: Whoop, twenty minutes after five. We'll be locked in here the first thing we know. I gotta be going anyway. interviewer: Well, do you want to wait until this tape runs out or it's it shouldn't be too much longer 579: Well how much longer do you think it'll take? interviewer: Probably about ten more minutes. 579: Ten more minutes? #1 Yes. # interviewer: #2 I think so. # 579: Well, I can't imagine what that i- R. Begins with R. A white interviewer: I was #1 thinking of # 579: #2 Does it # come from corn? interviewer: No. I was thinking of of rice. 579: What? interviewer: Rice. 579: Rice. interviewer: Do they grow that around here much? 579: Very little rice grown around here. I don't know of any. Up the delta, some is grown. Around Greenville. Um I don't know. Can't think of it. interviewer: mm-hmm Uh, well rice is what I was thinking of. 579: What? interviewer: Rice was what I was thinking of. 579: Oh. Rice. Oh yes, we eat a great deal of rice around here. My father was a South Carolinian and we had rice every day. interviewer: Oh really? um, Say if you were real thirsty, you might say I you I went over to the sink and poured myself a? 579: Glass of water. interviewer: Then you say the glass fell off the sink and? 579: Broke. interviewer: So you'd say somebody has what that glass? 579: Somebody has what? interviewer: Somebody has what that glass? 579: Broken. interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say but I didn't mean to? 579: Drop it. interviewer: And? Drop it and? 579: Break it. interviewer: mm-kay And, if you were real thirsty, you might say I what a glass of water? 579: Swallowed. interviewer: Or I? 579: You might say guzzled. interviewer: mm-kay um, or, if someone was thirsty you might say would you like something to? 579: Drink. interviewer: And you'd say, um, So he what? 579: Drank. interviewer: And You might ask me, how much have you? 579: Drunk. interviewer: And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog, what would you tell him? 579: Sic 'em. interviewer: mm-kay And what would you call a mixed breed dog? 579: A what kind of dog? interviewer: Mixed breed. You don't know what #1 kind. # 579: #2 Mongrel. # interviewer: What's that? 579: M-O-N-G-R-E-L. M-O-N-G-R-E-L. Mongrel, mongrel dog. interviewer: uh-huh What about a a little noisy small dog? 579: Uh, oh now, what's the expression? Oh Yes I stay away from dogs as much as I can um interviewer: Do you ever hear feist? 579: Hmm? interviewer: Feist. Did you ever hear that? 579: Well, that's mostly Well, the yes. Uh F-E-I-S-T, feist. interviewer: mm-hmm {NW} #1 What's # 579: #2 I don't # know what exactly what a feist is uh. It's a mixed breed for one thing, I think. interviewer: mm-hmm What about, um, any other kinds of dogs who what about a worthless dog? Just #1 That's- # 579: #2 What # kind of dog? interviewer: Just a worthless dog. 579: Curs. interviewer: mm-kay And, say if you had a mean dog. You might say yesterday my dog? 579: Bit a man. interviewer: mm-kay And then the person had to go to the doctor after he got? 579: Bitten. interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you ever say after he got dog bit? Do they use that expression dog bit? 579: That's not proper. Dog bitten. It's used though. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Dog bit. interviewer: What about, um, tell me about cows, what do they call the male? 579: The milk? interviewer: The male cow. 579: Bull. interviewer: mm-kay Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 579: Is what? interviewer: Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 579: I think so. You had to distinguish between the bull and the cow. interviewer: mm-hmm What would call a little cow when its first born? 579: I don't know whether a heifer. I think a heifer is always a female. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Pretty sure that's right. interviewer: What about the male? 579: Don't know. What they called the the young bulls. I don't know what they called 'em. interviewer: mm-hmm Or just a young cow whether male or female. It'd just be called a? 579: Well, one time I referred to, when I was down at Port Gibson to school, to a male heifer and one of the boys who knew something about cattle roared with laughter. He said a heifer's always a female. interviewer: mm-hmm So I don't know what they call the young bulls. mm-hmm Well, just, um, if you're just a a talking about cows the baby is called the? 579: Calves. interviewer: uh-huh And if you had you had a cow that was expecting a calf, you'd say the cow was going to? 579: Oh, I don't know. There's a term for that, I don't know what it is. Drop a calf maybe. interviewer: mm-kay And what did they call the male horse? 579: Male what? interviewer: Horse. 579: Just a horse. Or eh uh sometimes a stallion. interviewer: mm-hmm What about the female? 579: A mare. interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses? 579: Swap horses. #1 Ride # interviewer: #2 {X} # 579: horses. interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say last year he what his horse every day? 579: Did what? interviewer: Last year he 579: Rode every day? interviewer: mm-kay But I have never? 579: Ridden. {NS} interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on, you'd say I fell? 579: Off. interviewer: And A little child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning. He'd say I guess I must have? 579: Fallen out of bed. interviewer: mm-kay And the things that they put on the horse's feet? You call those? 579: Horseshoes. interviewer: And the parts of the horse's feet you put them on? 579: The what? interviewer: The parts of the horses feet you put the 579: Hooves. interviewer: What's that? 579: H double O-V-E-S. Hoofs or hooves. interviewer: mm-kay And just one of those. You'd call the horse's? 579: H- hoof. interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever see a a game played with something like horseshoes only, um, it was played with rings instead of horseshoes. 579: Yes. Not often though. That takes too much skill. interviewer: Do you remember what that game was called? 579: Not quoits, I guess. Q-U-I Q-U-O-I-T-S, quoits. interviewer: Did people call it that around here? 579: {D: You} Very, very s- see that I think they call them quoits. Q-U-O-I-T-S. interviewer: uh-huh 579: It's not so hard with, uh, horse shoes. I don't know much about the game. But if you hit the iron pin at all you've got something. But getting a a hoop over a pin, that's something else. #1 Extremely # interviewer: #2 {X} # 579: difficult to do. interviewer: Uh-huh What, um, you mentioned people that had sheep. What did people raise sheep for? 579: For wool and hides. interviewer: mm-hmm And what did you call the male sheep? 579: A ram. interviewer: And the female? 579: Ewe. E-W-E. interviewer: mm-hmm And tell me about the hogs. When they're first born, you call them? 579: Is it gilts? G-I-L-T-S? interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Piglets. #1 I think # interviewer: #2 {X} # 579: it's G-I-L-T-S, gilts. interviewer: uh-huh. What about the the female? When she has pigs, she's a? 579: Sow. interviewer: And the male? 579: Boar, B-O-A-R. interviewer: uh-huh and If you had a, um, pig and you didn't want him to grow up to be a boar, what would you say you were going to do to him? 579: Slaughter it. interviewer: Or you're not going to kill him, but you want to? 579: Slaughter it. interviewer: Well, uh you could say castrate. Yeah. 579: Oh, it doesn't oh I see what you mean. Castrate, yes. interviewer: Is there any other term for castrate? 579: If there is, I don't know it. interviewer: Uh-huh. What would they call him then, after he'd been castrated? 579: I don't know. interviewer: mm-kay And the stiff hairs that a hog has on his back? 579: Bristles. interviewer: And the teeth? 579: Tusks. interviewer: mm-kay and what you put the food in for the hog? 579: Trough. interviewer: And if you had three of four of those, you'd say you had three or four? 579: Troughs. interviewer: And what what would you call a hog that's grown up wild? 579: Well, they have wild boars in foreign countries. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Uh, but I don't know what they uh, term they apply to a domestic hog that's grown up wild. interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Don't know. interviewer: Say if it was time to feed your stock and do the chores, you'd say that it was? What time? Would you call that chore time or fodder time or feeding time #1 time? # 579: #2 Oh # that's outside my province. I don't know a thing about that. interviewer: Okay. Um, and what if you were going to feed the hens and turkeys and geese? What general name would you have for those animals? 579: We just say feeding. interviewer: mm-kay 579: I better open that door just in case the cleaners think this room is empty. interviewer: And a hen on a nest of eggs would be called a? 579: Setting hen. interviewer: And, where would you keep hens? 579: What? interviewer: Where would you keep hens? 579: Where would you keep 'em? interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: A shed, I guess. I d- I don't know much about that sort of thing interviewer: What about a small place just for the mother? #1 Hen. # 579: #2 Pen. # interviewer: Or a did you ever hear of a 579: A pen. interviewer: Or a coop or coop? 579: Oh, a coop, yes. We call 'em coop. It ought to be coop but we call them coop. interviewer: mm-kay and the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned you'd say, the calf began to? 579: What was that? interviewer: The noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned. You say 579: A cow? interviewer: A yeah a calf. 579: A cat, mew. interviewer: No, a 579: A cat? interviewer: A calf. 579: Spell that. interviewer: C-A-L-F. 579: A calf. Moo. interviewer: mm-kay 579: Or bleat. interviewer: uh-huh What about the cow? What does 579: The cow moos. interviewer: uh-huh and the horse? 579: Neighs. interviewer: Or, the gentle noise. 579: What? interviewer: The gentle noise that a horse makes. 579: Whinny. interviewer: mm-kay And when you're eating chicken, you know there's a bone that goes like this. 579: Wishbone. interviewer: mm-kay any stories about that? Pulling it apart? 579: Oh there wa- is a legend that if one person grasps one end and one the other the one getting either the short end or the lo- the long end, I don't know which, is going to have good luck. interviewer: uh-huh 579: Nothing to it. interviewer: um, did you ever hear anyone call a cow? 579: Only on T-V. {NW} interviewer: Okay. But did you ever do you know what you say to a cow to make her stand still so you can milk her? 579: I certainly don't. interviewer: What about a calf? 579: You mean calling a cat? #1 Kitty kitty # interviewer: #2 A calf. # 579: kitty. #1 Huh? # interviewer: #2 Cow. # 579: Call it? Calling a cow? interviewer: Yeah. 579: I don't know. interviewer: Well, what about a to get a mule or horse to turn left or right? 579: Well, now, when they had oxen it was gee and haw. interviewer: mm-kay 579: But I don't know about mules and horses. interviewer: Did you ever hear anyone call a horse? 579: No, I think not. interviewer: uh-huh What would you say to a horse to get him started? 579: Get up interviewer: mm-kay And to stop him? 579: Whoa. interviewer: And 579: W-H-O-A. interviewer: To make him back up? 579: Back up. interviewer: Did you ever hear anyone call hogs? 579: Only on T-V. interviewer: What about sheep? 579: Never. interviewer: Chickens? 579: No. interviewer: Um, say if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere. You'd say, I want to? Before you hitch them up, you have to? 579: Test them. interviewer: And 579: Harness them. interviewer: mm-kay and when you're driving a horse what do you hold in your hand? 579: The reins. R-E-I-N-S. interviewer: When he's when he's hitched to a a wagon, you call it the reins? 579: Get when he gets what? interviewer: When he's hitched to a wagon you call it the reins? 579: If you're riding it's still the reins. interviewer: Uh-huh If, I mean if if the horse is pulling a wagon. you've got him with the reins? 579: Yes. interviewer: uh-huh What are your feet in, if you're riding on him? 579: What do you feed him? interviewer: What are your feet in? 579: If you're riding, in stirrups. interviewer: mm-kay and if you're plowing, you know, the trenches that a plow cuts you call those? 579: Furrows. interviewer: And would you know what they call the horse that walks in the furrow? Would you? 579: No. interviewer: mm-kay and talking about distance, you'd say well, I don't know exactly how far away it is but it's just a little? 579: Distance. interviewer: Or just a little what over? 579: I've never heard anything expec- but distance used. interviewer: #1 What about # 579: #2 Oh # sometimes feet. Interviewer: You're still- so, you're still involved with the bank here? 579: What? Interviewer: You're still pretty well involved with the bank? 579: Oh, I come every day almost. Interviewer: Um, we were talking about, um, 579: Would you speak a little louder please? Interviewer: Sure. {NS} There. Um, we were talking about distance. You'd say, if- if something isn't- um, isn't- you'd say, well, I'm not sure exactly how far away it is but it's just a little? 579: You mean about the approximate distance of something from where you are? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: A little distance. Interviewer: Or just a little what over? 579: Well, we usually say distance. I don't know if white people do say piece. Like as the colored do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Ho- How do they use that? 579: But they would say it's a short piece from here or a far piece from here. Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 What would they # 579: #2 Most of them would. # Interviewer: What would a white person say? For a long- longer distance? 579: We'd call it a long distance. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: Oh, I've been trying to think of a more or less illiterate older person. I know one. Interviewer: uh-huh 579: She murders the King's English, oh, good gracious! And she'll talk as long as you'll let her lalk- let her talk. Uh, but she lives in- on the upper floor of a century old house on the corner around the corner. Interviewer: Uh-huh 579: And, uh, I don't like the looks of those out stairs. outside stairs. They look to me as though they could collapse any time and I don't want to let- want you to go there. Besides which she'd take too much of your time. Interviewer: Well, heck. 579: And inside is the most fascinating spiral staircase I ever saw. It goes up from the lower hall floor through the floor of the second floor Interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: and there's no central shaft in it. I wouldn't walk on it for anything, it's- I think that the house was- I know it was built before the Civil War. I wouldn't walk on that thing. It might have dry rot. What is fascinating is he- what a beautiful piece of carpentry work it is. No central shaft. I never saw before a spiral staircase without a central shaft to give it- give real support to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: But I wouldn't want you to go there. Interviewer: I'd like to go- go see her if I'd like to go see her. 579: What? Interviewer: I'd like to go see her if you could 579: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 get me her name. # 579: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 579: Alright. Write, uh, uh, you got a piece of scratch paper there? Interviewer: Mm-hmm It's here. 579: Nine hundred. 579: I don't know how you're easily going to have access to her apartment. Because she has paranoia, which is a delusion as to persecution and what not. Now, I'm sure that's what it is. She tells me that people walk on the floor up there on the second floor and knock on the wall and knock on her door and try to get in her window. It's all imagined. Well, she got tired of that so she moved to another house in another part of town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: Stayed there about six months and now she's back there. Still talking about these delusions. Interviewer: Is she crazy? Do you think she's crazy? 579: No. Just, uh, Oh, I'd say, uh, deterioration of the arteries of the brain. She's not really insane though. I- I knew another old lady who had delusions like that. She thought people were trying to break into the house and that's- I'm sure that's what it is. Interviewer: Hmm. 579: But she's- she's eighty-six or something like that and, uh, I guess she attended the Sister's school. Catholic school across the street from where she lives. But, beyond that almost no education. However, I believe that her memory is pretty good about the old days. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well, I might run by and see her. 579: You'd be entertained by the way she murders the King's English. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 579: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um, say if something was was real common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place. You'd say, oh, you can find that just about? 579: Any place. Interviewer: mm-kay. 579: Anywhere. Either one. Interviewer: And, if someone slipped and fell this way, you'd say he fell over? 579: Backward. Interviewer: This way would be? 579: Forward. Interviewer: And, say if you had been fishing and I asked you if you caught anything you might say, no what? 579: Since- since what? Interviewer: If you had been fishing and I asked you if you caught anything, you might say, no? 579: No. Interviewer: What a one? 579: What? Interviewer: No, a one. 579: Well, you'd mention the number or the approximate number if there were a good many of them. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would you ever say no, nary a one. 579: What? Interviewer: N- nary a one. 579: Oh, the colored say that. White folks don't. That is, educated ones. Interviewer: How do- how do they say that? 579: Well, a colored person would say I ain't caught nary a one. Interviewer: mm-hmm And say if, um, if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land, you say you? 579: Cleared it. Interviewer: And Do you know what they call it when they cut the hay off a piece of land and then enough grows back so you can cut it again? 579: Cut the hay what? Interviewer: So you can cut the hay a second time? Do you know what they call that? 579: They would call it a second crop. Interviewer: mm-kay And wheat is tied up into a? 579: Wheat? Interviewer: Is tied up into a? 579: Sheafs or sheaves but we don't have any Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: in this part of the country. Interviewer: Whe- where do they have those? Did you see them? 579: I was told that some was grown up in the Delta about about 90 miles from here, I guess, but I never heard of its being grown on any other piece of property. I think that was an experiment. Interviewer: mm-hmm And talking about how much wheat you raise to an acre, you might say we raised forty? What of? 579: Bushels. Interviewer: mm-kay And what do you have to do with oats to separate the grains from the rest of it? 579: Thresh it. Interviewer: mm-kay And say if, um, if there was something that we had to do today, just the two of us, you might say we have to do it or you might turn to me and say? 579: Most likely we'd say I've got to which is not correct. Interviewer: What- what would you say? 579: We'd- most likely we would say I've got to do this or that. I've got to go here or there. I have to would be better. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well, what if you're talking about both of us having to, um, you might say we have to or you might say? Would you say me and you or? 579: We do not say we or us. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: We say you all. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: That's the only, uh, way in which we use all. You all. We don't say we all. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would- say if- if you were talking about say if a group of people was at your house and you were asking them about their coats 579: Now what? Interviewer: If there was a group of people at your house and you were asking them about their coats 579: Coats? Interviewer: uh-huh How would you ask that? You'd say where are? Would you say you all's coats? #1 Or y'all's? # 579: #2 mm-mm # Your. Uh, you all is used just in addressing more than one person. Interviewer: mm-hmm You don't use it as you all's? You don't use it? 579: In a- in a case like that we would use the proper word your. Where are your coats? Interviewer: Meaning 579: All of them. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about say if there was a group of people group of children playing and they obviously belonged to more than one family, um, how would you ask about that? You'd ask, well, would you ever say who all's children are they? 579: No, we'd say whose. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to you were asking about the people that had gone how would you ask that? 579: How did you enjoy the party? Interviewer: uh-huh Well, would you ever ask who all was at the party? 579: Rarely. We'd say- usually, we'd ask who was at the party? Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear it who all? 579: Oh, I can't remember when I have but it probably has been put that way. Who all was at the party? Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: There'd be a little pause between who and all. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about- say if if someone had made made a speech that you hadn't been able to listen to you were asking about all of the speaker's remarks you know every thing that he said how would you ask that? 579: Most likely we would say Did he make a good talk? Or did you enjoy his talk or speech? Interviewer: Or asking what he said, would you ever say what all did he say? 579: No, I can't recall that. That would be asking to much of the hearer anyway. Interviewer: Well, how have you ever hear that what all? um used 579: What? Interviewer: The expression what all? Have you ever heard that used? 579: Don't remember it, no. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you probably say? 579: Uh, if you were going to inquire about the content of his speech we- well that- what you have- what- I most- I say the most likely way would say what did he say? Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: What subjects did he cover? Interviewer: mm-hmm Say, um, if you were talking about the two of us having to do something would you ever say me and you will have to do it? Or? 579: You and I. Interviewer: mm-kay What about if- if it was another man and you? You'd say 579: If we knew him well, we'd call him by his first name. Bob, Jim, what have you. Or mr so-and-so and I have to or have got to which would be wrong. do this or that Interviewer: Well, referring to him as he or him How would you say that? 579: Properly, where we'd ought to be. We'd refer to them properly as he or him. Interviewer: Uh, uh, would you say him and me or? 579: Mm, no. Not an educated person, no. Interviewer: What would an educated person say? We'd say he and I are going to or have to. mm-hmm 579: But, we wouldn't say him and I, no. Not an educated person. Interviewer: um and say someone wanted to get some work done. You'd say well, he doesn't want just you or just me for this job, he wants... 579: Some help. Interviewer: mm-kay Would you say all two of us or? Both of us or? 579: Say what? Interviewer: Would you say he wants all two of us or? Both of us or? 579: Both. Interviewer: mm-kay And talking about how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall? 579: As I. Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall? 579: As he. Interviewer: And he can do that better? 579: Than I. Interviewer: And if, um, if you knocked at the door and, um, and they called out and, um, said, 'who was there?' and you know that they- they recognize your voice you might, instead of calling out your name, you'd just say, 'it's'? 579: John. Mary, what have you. Interviewer: Or they'd say, 'is that you John?' and you'd say? 579: Oh, yes, yes, yes. Interviewer: 'Yes, it's' what? 579: Is that you John? Is that you Helen? Interviewer: And you'd say 'yes, it's'? 579: You would answer- the person would answer 'yes.' Interviewer: 'It's'? 579: Just 'yes'. Interviewer: 'It's me' or? 579: No, just yes. Interviewer: Well, which sounds better: 'it's me' or 'it's I'? 579: Oh, 'it's I'. Interviewer: mm-kay 579: Yes. Interviewer: You don't ever say 'it's me'? 579: Oh, some careless people do. But, people who are the least bit particular about their speech wouldn't say that. Interviewer: mm-hmm What if, um, say I asked you, 'was that Jim at the door?' you'd say, 'yes, that was'? 579: 'It was.' We'd just say 'it was.' Interviewer: Well, using he or him. How would you say that? 'It was'? 579: He. Interviewer: And if it was a woman, you'd say, 'it was?' 579: What? Interviewer: If it was a woman, you'd say? 579: 'It was she.' Interviewer: And if it was two people? 579: We'd say it was Jim and Bob or Jim and Bill, what have you. Interviewer: Or them or they? Which would you say? 579: We'd say they. Interviewer: mm-kay 579: 'It was they.' Interviewer: Say if, um, if a man who'd been running two miles and didn't- had to quit- wasn't able to go any- any further than that you'd say 'two miles is the'? What? He could go? 579: His limit or as far as he could go- run. Interviewer: uh-huh Would you say the fartherest or the furthest or? 579: S- say what? Interviewer: How would you say it using the word far? You'd say, 'two miles is the'? Would you say the-? 579: As far as he can run. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well, would you say the farthest or the fartherest or? Furthest? 579: Farthest. Interviewer: What's that? 579: Farthest. Interviewer: mm-kay And if something belongs to me, than you'd say it's? 579: Uh, Bel- It belongs to- to you. Interviewer: uh-huh 579: Is this yours? Interviewer: mm-kay And if it belongs to both of us, then it's? 579: This is ours or is this ours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to two people it's? 579: Theirs. Interviewer: And to him it's? 579: His. Interviewer: And to her? 579: Hers. Interviewer: And you'd say, 'if no one else will look out for them' you say 'they've got to look out for'? 579: Themselves. Or himself or herself. Interviewer: mm-kay And what's made out of flour and baked in a loaf. 579: Wh- what's made? Interviewer: Made out of flour and baked in a loaf. 579: What's made out of it? Interviewer: Out of flour. It's baked in a loaf. You call that? 579: You mean before it's cooked? Interviewer: Well, when- after it's cooked it's called. 579: Well, it might be biscuits. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Or it might be, uh, cake or waffles. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 579: Whatever the finished form would be is- is what we would mention. Interviewer: mm-hmm If it comes in a loaf it's? 579: Loaf, of course, that'll be used Interviewer: uh-huh um What can you put in bread to make it rise? 579: Yeast. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you call bread that has yeast in it? 579: Light bread. Interviewer: mm-kay and You say, there's two kinds of bread, there's homemade bread and then there's'? 579: Bakery bread. Interviewer: mm-kay What sort of, um, and this is something that is fried in deep fat and it has a hole in the middle? 579: Donut. Interviewer: mm-kay Are there different names for different kinds of donuts? 579: Yes, some of them have one flavor and some of them have another and some are covered with a chocolate coating. Interviewer: mm-hmm Are they all called donuts though? 579: They're still donuts. Interviewer: What about something you'd- you make up a batter and fry these for breakfast? 579: That would most likely be. well, we would always call them batter cakes but the real name is pancakes Interviewer: mm-hmm any other old fashioned name for that? 579: Oh, we boys called 'em patty cakes. {NW} um, Interviewer: Did you ever hear flitters or fritters? 579: Fritters can be made with a with cooked corn in them uh, uh corn that cut off the ear and cooked they're good too if they're properly made corn fritters Interviewer: how, how do you make them? 579: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Are they like a # a batter cake? in? 579: You you make up your batter and mix that in their somehow. I don't know a thing about that. Interviewer: But it- it looks the same as- as the pancake or batter #1 cake? # 579: #2 Yes, also # Sometimes they put cooked Irish potatoes in them. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I ate a couple of them the other d- other day. Interviewer: huh-huh um and talking about how much flour might be in a sac you might say you had twenty-five what of flour? 579: Cups. Interviewer: Or in a sac? would contain twenty-five 579: Oh, you mean a sac that's been almost used up? Interviewer: Or the- the- the weight of it? 579: Oh, weight, pounds. Interviewer: mm-kay and What sort of things do you make out of cornmeal? 579: Ah, you can make cornbread and, if it's properly made, it's good too, as you know. Also, corn cakes. And, uh, corn fritters. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Well, of course, uh, {NW} The national or, rather, Southern, traditional breakfast dish is grits. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: The cornmeal, which is ground much finer, is used in making mush. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: No more attractive than it sounds. Um, that's about it I guess. Interviewer: What about something made out of cornmeal that you can fry and eat with fish. 579: Eat with what? Interviewer: Fish. 579: That would be corn cakes. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 How would- # 579: #2 You say with meal? # Interviewer: Well, it's made out of cornmeal. 579: {NW} Interviewer: And you fry it in deep fat 579: Mm, I don't know. Interviewer: And, well, did you ever hear of hush puppies or? 579: Oh, yes, yes That's a comparatively new term with me. Interviewer: What's that? 579: We didn't have hush puppies. We didn't have them when I was a boy. Interviewer: You didn't have anything like that? 579: Hush puppies? No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of corn dodger? 579: No. Interviewer: mm-kay And the inside part of the egg is called the? 579: Yolk. Interviewer: What color is that? 579: Also called the yellow. Interviewer: Mm-kay And if you cook them in hot water you call them? 579: You could have either soft boiled eggs or hard boiled eggs. Interviewer: mm-hmm What if you cracked them and let them drop out the shells into hot water? 579: Poached. Interviewer: mm-kay. And did you ever see a hog butchered? 579: {NW} No, I saw a young cow butchered once and I don't want to ever see anything like that again. No, I've never seen that. Interviewer: Well, do you know- when they cut the- the side of the hog do you know how they refer to that section of meat? 579: Assume they is called spare ribs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: Good too if there's not too much fat on them. And, uh, well, a a fresh ham as we call them- that is, hasn't been seasoned and salted and all that Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: is the hind leg. It's just, uh, roasted and eaten as pork. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: and they call it a fresh ham. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Used to, anyway. Interviewer: What other parts of meat are there from the hog? 579: Well, they pickle the feet. {NW} I don't- I don't think I ever ate any. Pigs' feet. Um, oh, I don't know. That's outside the realm of a bank. I don't know anything about that. Interviewer: You mentioned- earlier, you mentioned bacon. 579: Oh, the bacon! I about to forget that. What about it? Interviewer: Well, um, do you refer to when you think of bacon do you mean the the whole section that the cut of meat 579: I don't know where it comes from. Probably from the hog's side. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would you call it a- did you ever hear the expression middling? 579: What? Interviewer: Middling. 579: No, I've heard of chitlins. {NW} The real name is chitterlings but the niggers call them chitlins. Interviewer: uh-huh 579: I don't know exactly what they are. I imagine it's, uh, very much the least desirable portion of the hog. Interviewer: White people don't eat them? 579: What? Interviewer: White people don't eat them? 579: If they do I never heard of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um, would you what about the kind of meat that you buy sliced? To fry with eggs? 579: Buy what? Interviewer: Buy already sliced. To fry with eggs. 579: Sliced bacon. Interviewer: mm-kay And What about the kind of meat that it's salt pork I guess um it's sort of fat and you can cook it with greens for seasoning food. 579: It's called salt meat or side meat. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Mostly salt meat. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of fat back or sow belly or? 579: Yes, I don't know what it is though. UH, uh, sow- is that s-o-u-r or s-o-w? Interviewer: I think s-o-w. 579: Or whatever it is, is an inferior meat. Interviewer: uh-huh You never #1 had experience with- # 579: #2 I don't think I ever ate any. # Interviewer: mm-hmm. What different, um, and say you might take the trimmings and slice them up and grind them and make? 579: I don't know. Interviewer: Well, something you'd st- well, it's real common. You'd stuff it in- have it in little lengths or have it in patties? 579: Oh, I don't know what that it. Interviewer: Well, what else can you have besides bacon or ham? For breakfast in the morning? 579: Sausage. Interviewer: mm-kay 579: Oh, I for- bout to forget the sausage. Yes. Uh, patties. Interviewer: uh-huh Um, and what would you call a person that kills and sells meat? 579: Butcher. Interviewer: And if meat's been kept too long, you say that the meat has? 579: Spoiled. Interviewer: And do you know what inside parts of the hog you eat? 579: What what? Interviewer: What inside parts of the hog are eaten? Or would you have a general name just for the inside parts that you eat? 579: I think that's where the chitlins come in. I'm not sure. No, I don't know much about that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Anything about it. Interviewer: What can you make from the uh with the meat from the hog's head? 579: Brains. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And, uh, properly cooked and fresh pretty good too. Cook them usually with eggs. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of, um, Hog head cheese or souse or? 579: Yes. Yes. Uh, that is, uh, probably brains under a different name and probably cooked a little differently. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well, that's that called around here? 579: Those same things. Interviewer: What? 579: Hog's head cheese or souse. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of, um, pannhaas or scrapple? 579: A what? Interviewer: Pannhaas or scrapple? 579: Yes, I don't know what it is though. Interviewer: You just heard about it while you were traveling around or? Did they have it around here? 579: Oh, I've just heard country people talk about it. Interviewer: Well, what do they call it? 579: What you mentioned. You don't often hear the word scrapple around here. Interviewer: mm-hmm What what do you hear? 579: What's the other one you mentioned? Interviewer: Pannhaas. d- did that sound #1 familiar? # 579: #2 p- p- # Interviewer: Pannhaas. I think it's a German- 579: Don't know that one. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of anything made out of the liver by cooking and grinding up the liver? 579: No. I think the liver is cut into chunks and the colored folks buy it. But white folks want calf's liver. Interviewer: mm-hmm What's the difference between calf's and hog's liver? 579: My guess is that the calf's liver is better flavored. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of making anything out of the blood? 579: Making what? Interviewer: Anything out of the blood? 579: No. Interviewer: And Say if you had some butter that was kept too long and it didn't taste right. 579: Rancid. Interviewer: mm-kay and thick sour milk? 579: What what milk? Interviewer: Thick sour milk. 579: Clabber. Interviewer: What do you make from that? 579: People eat clabber sprinkle sugar over it and avoid the whey and eat the, uh, quite congealed part Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of making a kind of cheese from it? 579: Cottage cheese. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Yes, I've seen it made. The milk is poured into a cloth sack fairly loosely woven the whey just filters through and falls into a bowl and what you have left is cottage cheese. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Nobody bothers to make it except out in the country. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Because you can buy it in neat little cartons in almost any store. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: that sells food. Interviewer: What's done with the whey? Anything? 579: What? Interviewer: Is anything done with the whey? Do they just- 579: I never heard of anything being done with it. Interviewer: um and the first thing you do after milking to get the impurities out you have to 579: Strain it. Interviewer: mm-kay Did y'all have a cow? 579: Yes, we had one oh, about, um, seventy-three years ago or something like that. Interviewer: {NW} 579: We kept it in the backyard. Well, I believe we did have a house that protected it from the cold weather. A shed. people had them Oh, There were many people who had a backyards large enough to- to handle a cow Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Had them. But as efficient dairy service developed that sort of thing disappeared. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did y'all have chickens too or? 579: Yes Chickens and turkeys and guineas. Interviewer: mm-mm What were the guineas for? 579: people ate them and ate the eggs. Small brown speckled Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And the guineas had a most discordant cry. The roosters were the most objectionable ones because they would harrow the coming of day entirely too early. Interviewer: {NW} You must have had a pretty good sized yard then 579: Yes 300 feet deep. fr- from the South straight back and 150 feet wide. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did most people uh, when you were, uh, young did most people have most of the families have cows and chickens until they got good dairy services? 579: I'd say no. Less than half. Interviewer: Just people who had a big enough yard. then? 579: And didn't mind {D: bathing} with animals and fowls. Interviewer: um This is something that's kind of like a fruit pie. only it's got several layers of fruit and dough in it? 579: Oh, I don't know a thing about cooking. Interviewer: Well, you know you could have a maybe made out of apples. Have, um layer of dough and then a layer of apples 579: Oh, I see what you mean Oh, that is called a covered pie. Interviewer: mm-kay 579: And Those without covers or with just little laces of dough across are called, uh, open faced pies or were in my day. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about cobbler? 579: About what? Interviewer: Cobbler. Did you ever hear of apple cobbler? 579: mm-hmm Yes yes, we had that when we were boys. Interviewer: What what did that look like? 579: I don't remember Seems to me it was, uh, Oh, what do they call this Every since that dreadful thing happened to me n- names escape me. Some soft gooey batter and the fruit what do they call it? Cobbl- uh, no. I can't think of the name of it. But we had it. Interviewer: mm-hmm um say if What would you call, um, milk or cream that's mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you could pour over pie? 579: Made with cream or sugar and milk and what? Interviewer: Um, well just a sweet liquid you know maybe cream and sugar something that you could pour over pie. 579: It's part of the pie? Interviewer: No, just- just something you could mix up to pour over 579: Pour over it. Oh. Don't know about that, I never heard of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well, would you call it a- a dressing or a dip or a sauce? 579: For- for a pie? Interviewer: UH-huh, or- or pudding, just- just a sweet liquid mixture. you could make to pour over. 579: I never knew of anything to be poured over a pie. Interviewer: mm-hmm and food taken between regular meals you'd call that a? 579: Now, we'd say a snack. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I don't know what they called it in the old days. I don't remember. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Anytime is unwise to do it. Interviewer: {NW} Um, if someone had a good appetite, you'd say "he sure likes to put away his"? 579: Food. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the word vittles used? 579: Only among the colored and the illiterate. Interviewer: How would they use that? 579: Same way, vittles. Not victuals but vittles. Interviewer: uh-huh and if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table you'd tell them to go ahead and 579: Well, at our house we'd say, "wait a minute and let's say grace." Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: And, uh, then after that "Be seated." Interviewer: mm-kay and if someone walked into the dinning room you'd say "won't you"? what "down"? "Won't you?" 579: Join us or have dinner with us or have supper with us or whatever it is. Interviewer: Or, he's standing up. You'd say "won't you?" what "down"? 579: We'd just say won't you have some dinner with us, supper with us what not then we'd proceed to find a seat for the man Interviewer: uh-huh 579: plate and eating implements for the person. Interviewer: Would you say won't you sit down or set down or? What- how would you say that? 579: Oh, won't you sit down Interviewer: uh-huh So you'd say "so then he went ahead and" what "down"? 579: Uh, the- the person who was invited? Interviewer: uh-huh 579: Well, he would just sit down and proceed to eat as the food was brought to him. Interviewer: But using using the preterite of that word you'd say, "so then he"? 579: Ate. Interviewer: Or or y- you ask him to sit down and you'd say "so then he" 579: Then he sat down, yes. Interviewer: okay 579: mm-hmm Interviewer: Then you'd say "nobody else was standing because they had all" 579: No- nobody else is staying what? Interviewer: Was standing up because everybody had what down? 579: Had sat down mm-kay Interviewer: And if you want somebody not to wait until the potatoes, say, are passed over to them you tell them, now just go ahead and 579: uh- uh- yo- about a person waiting for what? Interviewer: Well say, say if you have food on the table Um, I might tell you now Um don't wait until everything's passed over to you- you just go ahead and 579: Well, unless things were passed to him he wouldn't have anything to eat Interviewer: well, if they're- if they're sitting right in front of you I tell 579: Oh, help yourself. Interviewer: mm-kay and so you'd say, "so then he went ahead and" what "himself"? 579: Helped himself. Interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say then I asked him to pass them over to me because he had already? 579: Asked him to pass it over to what? Interviewer: I asked him to pass the bowl over to me since he had already? 579: Helped himself. Interviewer: mm-kay And if someone offers you some food that you don't want you'd say no thank you I don't 579: Well, you just it'd be more careful to say "no, thank you" without stating your dislike Interviewer: uh-huh Or Would you say I don't choose any or I don't care for any 579: Well, you might say "I don't eat, uh" asparagus" we'll say mm-hmm Or "asparagus doesn't agree with me." That would be more tactful to say Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Or, "I can't eat asparagus" Interviewer: uh-huh and, if food's been cooked and served a second time you'd say that it's been? 579: that food would be called left overs oh, you mean it's the same meal? Interviewer: No, If you have for um that night what you had at noon, you'd say the food had been? What? 579: We'd say it this is a leftover from dinner Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Or, lunch Interviewer: and You say you put foot in your mouth and then you begin to 579: Chew it. Interviewer: And you'd say well, he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 579: Chew it up. Interviewer: Or, he could chew it but he couldn't? 579: Swallow it. Interviewer: and Would you have a um special name for vegetables that you grow yourself? for your own use? 579: Home grown Interviewer: mm-kay and what different names are there for um, whiskey that is made illegally? 579: Uh, moonshine. Interviewer: uh-huh 579: That's all I've ever heard. Now, let's see rotgut. Interviewer: What does rotgut mean? 579: Such a miserable whiskey that it rots your guts. {NW} Interviewer: Um What about beer that you make at home? 579: Home brew. Interviewer: mm-kay and Say if something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils you might tell someone just 579: my that smells good! Interviewer: Well, you'd tell him Would you just that? 579: Might- might tell him what? Interviewer: You might tell him "would you just" "that food?" 579: Smell it. Interviewer: mm-kay and 579: or sniff it usually smell it. Interviewer: uh-huh You would never say smell of it, would you? 579: No. We wouldn't use- use the word of in there. Interviewer: uh-huh and you might say, "well, this isn't imitation maple syrup, this is"? 579: The real maple syrup. Interviewer: Or "this is gen-"? 579: Is what? Interviewer: "This is gen-"? "Genui-" 579: Genuine. No, we'd say real. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: Most likely. Might say genuine. Interviewer: mm-hmm And sugar was sold weighed out of the barrel, when you'd- when you'd buy it in big quantities you'd say you were buying it in? 579: Large quantities. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear the expression in bulk or in bulk? 579: In in business circles where a person is a wholesaler or a large dealer it's referred to that way. In bulk. mm-hmm mostly wholesalers. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear the expression, sugar was sold loose? 579: Sugar what? Interviewer: Loose. 579: Yes. That would be where the grocer would measure out say a pound or two pounds into paper bag and tie it up. Interviewer: mm-hmm and you'd say you were buying it 579: Retail. Interviewer: Or the other word, buying it? Loose 579: Well, yes. You would say that. Mm-hmm Ho- how would you say that? That way. Interviewer: well Brute could you say it? 579: What Interviewer: Woul- would you say it? 579: Well If you were buying it from a large container Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: And it's poured into a sack or can or jar or what have you. That would be loose. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: As compared with. The sugar put up as we have it now, in strong bags marked one pound, three pounds or what have you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I see. And A sweet spread that you could put on toast in the morning. 579: A sweet what? Interviewer: Spread. 579: Spread? Molasses, syrup jelly preserves Interviewer: Mm-kay And what do you have on the table to season food with? 579: To do what? Interviewer: To season your food with. You have 579: Salt, pepper, vinegar. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it was a bowl of apples, and a child wanted one, he'd say 579: A bowl of apples what? Interviewer: There was a bowl of apples, and a child wanted one, he would say give 579: Give me an apple or I want this one. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And You'd say it wasn't these boys that did that, it must have been one of 579: The boys next door. Or one of my friends. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say, he doesn't live here, he lives 579: Down the street. Or around the corner. Interviewer: Do you ever hear over yonder? 579: Over yonder? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: Oh yes. My boys used to use that expression frequently. Interviewer: Is it mean farther away than just- 579: Farther away. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you might tell someone, Don't do it this way, don't do it that way, do it 579: This way. Interviewer: Okay. And if you don't have any money at all, you say you're not rich, you're 579: If you was picking yourself you say I'm broke. Interviewer: Or if you Um just never had any money you'd say you were born a rich person, you were 579: We would most likely say I'm not a rich person rather than say I am a poor person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Because nobody likes to say that. Interviewer: {NW} And If you had a lot of peach trees, you'd say you had a peach... 579: Orchid. Interviewer: And you might ask somebody if that's his orchid, and he'd tell you no and he'd point to somebody else, and he'd say he's the man 579: I don't, I don't quite understand that question. Interviewer: Say I asked I see a man and I ask him if that's his orchid. If that's his peach orchid, and he'd say. No I'm just a neighbor, and he'd point to another man and say. 579: He owns it. Interviewer: He's the man... 579: Oh yeah it's his orchid. Interviewer: Or he's the man... 579: Who owns it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And You say when I was a child, my father was poor, but next door was a child 579: When I was a child, my father was poor what? Interviewer: Next door was a child 579: Whose father was rich. We seldom said wealthy. Interviewer: And 579: Have I got to go through all the rest of that? Mm-mm. {NS} That's gonna take too long. {NS} Interviewer: This is an index back here. 579: Oh. Interviewer: It's not, not as long as that. The inside part of a cherry. 579: Inside part? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: Well the bottom part is a seat. Oh the stuffing. Or what. Upholstery. Interviewer: Uh-huh and a cherry though a cherry that you eat. 579: Just cherries. Interviewer: Uh-huh. In the peach, the inside is the... 579: We may call it the meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or the, the part that you don't eat is the... 579: The skin. Interviewer: Or the... 579: Or the peelings. Interviewer: Or the inside part. 579: Or the, the seed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: Sometimes called the stone, usually the seed. Interviewer: Uh-huh, what about in a cherry? Would you call it the seed? 579: Pit. Seed or pit, either one. Interviewer: And the kind of peach that you have to cut the seed out of. 579: A cling stone peach. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about the other kind? 579: Freestone. Interviewer: And The part of the apple that you don't eat. 579: The core. Interviewer: And When you cut up apples and you dry them, you say you're making 579: Don't know about that. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What kinds of nuts did people have around here? 579: Pecans, delicious. You have, probably have some better ones in Georgia than we have, but ours are uh mighty fine. Also. Hickory nuts, which are too hard and don't have much meat in them and they're not worth the trouble of cracking. Also. Black walnuts. Delicious flavor. But even harder to crack, my goodness they have the thickest hulls on them. Interviewer: The hull is, is the A walnut has two coverings on it you know. 579: Yes. Interviewer: There's one that you can take off real easy it's soft. 579: Oh yes, that's when it's in its green, more or less green state, or it dries up. Interviewer: What, what do you call that? 579: The hull. Interviewer: Uh-huh, what about the harder thing that you have to crack? Is that the hull too? 579: I suppose it is, but it's just the What do we call that uh? Shell. Shell. Interviewer: What about the kind of nut that's shaped like your eye? 579: Kind of what? Interviewer: Nut that's shaped like your eye? It doesn't grow around here, but you can buy it. 579: And that is shaped as what? Interviewer: It's a nut, it's shaped like your eye. 579: Your eye? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Well very few chestnuts. And Let's see. Interviewer: What about almonds? 579: I don't know what that can be. Interviewer: Almond or almond? 579: Oh yeah they don't grow around here, they grow in California and Florida. Interviewer: And what do you call those? 579: We call them almonds but some people call them almonds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a kind of nut that grows under the ground? 579: Peanuts. Interviewer: Any other names for those? 579: Goobers. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and kind of fruit about the size of an apple grows in Florida. 579: Grows in Florida? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: About the size of an apple. Some of our peaches are about as large as apples. There is also one that I haven't tasted in decades, persimmon. If you Really want to enjoy a persimmon, you have to wait until it's been exposed to a frost or two. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: And if you don't, the 'un-matured persimmon is very astringent, your mouth just draws up into a knot. I haven't seen one of those in goodness knows how long. Delicious too, big seeds inside I believe the Japanese still grow them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: They pretty well disappeared around here. Interviewer: What about a citrus fruit? It's pretty common in well, in Florida. 579: Orange, apple grapefruit. Interviewer: Talking about the 579: A lime. Lemon. Interviewer: Talking about the oranges, say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are 579: You mean if you had a bad one left? Interviewer: No there weren't any left, you'd say the oranges... 579: are all gone. Interviewer: And what sort of things did you raise in a garden? 579: Any number snap beans or string beans okra sweet potatoes possibly because of It's a little trouble to raise them. Interviewer: Are there different names for sweet potatoes? 579: Can't think of any. Interviewer: What about yams? 579: Now what? Interviewer: Yams? 579: Oh yes yes. They are usually lighter in color. And not as sweet as a sweet potato. Yellow yams, they're usually called. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Yes they're grown and uh Oh let's see, I don't know much about that when I had a garden. Um. Interviewer: What about a little red thing. 579: Butter beans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Hot peppers. I mean they are hot too. Oh That's about all I can think of course, we never had a garden. Interviewer: What about a little red thing that grows of root vegetables? Grows down in the ground It's about this big or so. It's red. 579: Can't think of what that is, we had onions too of course. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you have reddish or radish? 579: Oh yes, I'm forgetting two or three things. Mustard greens, collards, butter beans. That's about it I guess. Interviewer: What about radish or reddish? 579: I don't know of anybody that ever grew a- they're not very popular. Interviewer: What did they call it around here? 579: They call it radishes {C: pronunciation} but I think the real name is radish. Interviewer: Uh-huh, what about something that um is red, it grows up on a bush that you have to stake up? 579: Oh eggplants. Interviewer: Or it's red. You'd have it in a salad. 579: Oh it's red. Don't know. Eggplants are black and shiny. Interviewer: Well this is something you'd, grows on a bush and you'd stake a 579: Oh tomatoes of course, of course, of course, yes, many of those were grown. Interviewer: What do you call those tomatoes that don't get bigger than this? 579: I don't know. They grow them in England and they are delicious. That is they're much smaller than our tomatoes. But better flavored. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the kinds of onions that you pull up and eat before they get real big? 579: They call them spring onions. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And Say if you wanna get the beans out of the pods by hand 579: Shell 'em Interviewer: Mm-kay. 579: Oh also corn is grown in gardens. Interviewer: Uh-huh What do you call the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 579: The colored folks call them {X} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: We called them just corn on the cob. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about that um the outside part of the corn? 579: The the uh husk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: And of course the silk is in there too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the little thing that grows up in the top of the corn stalk? 579: The tassel. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And talking about lettuce, if you wanted to buy some lettuce, you'd ask for two or three... 579: Heads. Interviewer: Would you use that word heads talking about children? Say if you had five children? 579: Only illiterate and negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: We have heads of cabbage too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if someone had fourteen children, you'd say he really had a... 579: Big family. Interviewer: Did you ever say a passel? 579: Colored folks would. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How, how would they say that? 579: They would use that very term, passel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: And I might add, fourteen head. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And little crooked necked vegetables, yellow crooked 579: Squa- Squash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Well that's another- two varieties of squash. One is a well maybe uh five inches across and shallow, not deep from top to bottom. Both of them are good if properly cooked. Interviewer: Are they both just called squash? 579: Say what? Interviewer: Do they have special names? Or are the both called squash? 579: They refer to the yellow squash as such. They don't mention the other by any name except squash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about uh something you can make pie out of at thanksgiving? {NS} 579: Pumpkins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Well I see a great {X} many other nights the stores around thanksgiving time But I don't believe they grow in this climate. I think they were brought in from somewhere else. Interviewer: What kinds of melons are grown around here? 579: Uh Watermelons And cantaloupes Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: I believe the correct pronunciation of that is cantaloupe. But I always called them cantaloupes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: And uh illiterate {X} people like colored people call 'em the cantaloupes or cantaloupes mushmelons. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um what about little umbrella shaped thing that springs up in the woods or fields after it rains? 579: Toadstools or the real thing is a mushroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And something that people smoked, made out of tobacco. 579: Oh cigars, cigarettes. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if someone offered to do you a favor, but you didn't want to accept it because you didn't want to feel like you owe that person something then you'd say, well thank you but I don't wanna feel... 579: You would say no thanks and then maybe you would explain why you didn't want the person to do it and. You might say that if the person's offering you something I have that. Or I can't eat that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: But we would not be too viable about not accepting, it'll just Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Usually if you had a legitimate reason for not accepting accepting, even though it wouldn't embarrass you, state it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say if you might tell someone, well I'd like to help you but I just 579: If somebody asked you to just for help? Interviewer: Uh-huh, you'd say I like to but I just 579: Haven't the time. Or I've got a sore arm or sore leg or what have ya. Interviewer: But if you're not able to you'd say They'd ask you, can you do that? And you'd say no I... 579: That's too heavy for me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Would say. Interviewer: And 579: If that was the case. Interviewer: If someone was um There's something that you really didn't want to do You'd say uh no matter how many times you ask me to do that, I just what, do it? 579: Well you wouldn't go too far into that. You would just say sorry I can't do that for you. Interviewer: What, they say will you do that and you say no I 579: Usually you say sorry I can't do that for you. Interviewer: And Say if a boy got a whipping, you'd say I bet he did something he 579: Shouldn't have done. Interviewer: Or using the word ought. You'd say bet 579: Ought not to have done, either one. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um And Say if I asked you if you'll be able to do something for me next week you say Well I'm not sure but I might... 579: That'd be a good way to express it. Interviewer: Would you ever say might could? 579: Like? Interviewer: Might could? 579: No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: That's redundancy more or less. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And talking about kinds of animals. The kind of bird that can see in the dark. 579: Uh animals what? Interviewer: The kind of bird that can see in the dark. 579: The kind of bird? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 579: Don't know of any. Interviewer: Well it has uh big eyes 579: Oh owls. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the little owl? 579: The real name is owlet I believe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: I'm not sure. I've never heard anybody speak of 'em. Interviewer: Well I mean the, the smaller um species of owl that has 579: Oh yes um I don't know about that owl, barn owl. I don't know a thing about owls. Interviewer: Would you ever hear squinch owl or 579: Oh yes. I have heard of squinch owls. Interviewer: A screech owl or 579: Uh Both. {D: Scrinch and sq-} Squinch and screech. One of them is wrong, I don't know which one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the big kind? That has a deep voice? 579: Just an owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And Kind of black and white animal that has a real strong smell. 579: Oh. Skunks. Pole cats. Mm-hmm. And Interviewer: A kind of bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees. 579: Uh We call them possums, but their real name is opossum. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something that even you see in the city? 579: Even what? Interviewer: You can even see in the city. A Maybe a grayish sort of animal. 579: It may be an opossum. Interviewer: I'm thinking of squirrels. 579: Oh! Course of course of course. In the trees yes, squirrels. Interviewer: What different kinds are there? 579: The only kind I ever heard mentioned was well two kinds the gray squirrel and the flying squirrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Incidentally, in this part of the country we do not pronounce that name properly. We call 'em squirrels. You can't spell it. {NS} Squirrels is proper. Two R's in it but we just call 'em squirrels. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the little kind that stays on the ground? 579: Chipmunks. And uh ground squirrels. We don't see, well Well I don't know {X} I don't know whether there are any around here or not, I think I have seen them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say some animals have been coming and getting your hens. You didn't know exactly what kind they were, you might say I'm gonna get me a gun kill those... 579: Owls. Just owls. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word varmint? 579: Not much in this part of the country. Mostly in uh the East I say, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, up that way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Or it might be more wester Interviewer: What do they say up there? 579: A few persons might use that word, varmints or pests or nuisances, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And A bird, the kind of bird that drills holes in trees. 579: A bird that, oh oh a woodpecker. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other name for that? 579: Peckerwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Which did you use to call it when you were little? 579: A person who cares about his speech would say woodpecker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever seen those big woodpeckers? 579: No. I've never seen any very large ones. Interviewer: You ever heard the word peckerwood used about people? 579: Only in books. Not around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what different kinds of fish did they get around here? 579: White perch. Bass. A species of trout. Uh let's see now, I haven't been fishing in more that seventy years uh. Bass, trout Catfish of course, uh Interviewer: What about from the gulf? 579: There's another little fish I can't think of the name of it. What about what? Interviewer: What about from the saltwater, down at the gulf? 579: Saltwater fish? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: Oh heavens I never fished in saltwater. The list is very long. You'd have to ask somebody down at the gulf coast about that. Interviewer: {NW} Well what um what did they get from the gulf that isn't a kind of fish exactly but 579: A shrimp Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: {X} Everybody likes 'em. Interviewer: If you 579: Oysters Interviewer: If you were gonna buy the shrimp, you'd ask for two or three pounds of 579: Pounds, most likely they'd be frozen in a package with the weight marked on the package. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd, maybe it'd be five pounds of what? 579: That'd be a mess of shrimp. Now they would generally be about One to two or maybe three pounds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What might you here uh making a noise around a pond at night? 579: Around a pond? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: A frog croaking. Interviewer: What about, what do you call a big kind of frog? 579: Bullfrog. Interviewer: And the little kind that stays on land? 579: If they're making a sound I never heard it. But they're tree frogs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: That actually live in trees. And they make a a strange long drawn out cry about sunset. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um what do you call the the ones that come out after it rains? 579: If they ever had a name I never heard it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the kind that pops around in the garden? 579: Toad frogs Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you were to go fishing, what might you dig up to go fishing with? 579: That's changed since I went. You had a long can for just pieces of bamboo Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: And a {X} float {D: set} for water. Interviewer: okay 579: when a fish tried to swallow the bait Interviewer: {NW} 579: you would feel a little tug and the cork would go under the surface or part of the way under the surface you had to watch your cork Interviewer: {NW} um 579: now course it's all different they have rods and reels and artificial bait we used worms and crickets Interviewer: {NW} 579: and it's quite different now Interviewer: um are there different kinds of worms or different names for worms 579: some of they service stations selling bait they refer to alfalfa worms I couldn't tell one from another usually just earthworms go out in the yard and dig and find some Interviewer: {NW} what about a kind of fish you could use for bait 579: minnows very small fish minnows Interviewer: and this is something you might find if if you picked up a rock in a stream it's got two little pinchers on it 579: crawfish Interviewer: okay and something that has a hard shell they can pull its neck and legs into its shell 579: you know I speaking of a turtle for you Interviewer: {NW} 579: we have them round here various sizes Interviewer: when you talk about a turtle are you thinking of something that's in water or on land 579: Both for example one day I was walking along a side street off of Cherry which is up here and there was a turtle a about four and a half inches in diameter walking along the paved street Interviewer: {NW} 579: but usually you find them around water Interviewer: {NW} 579: they one I saw had a rather high shell the ones who stay in the water most of the time have a more fattened shell Interviewer: {NW} 579: softer Interviewer: have you ever heard of them called a a cooter or terrapin or 579: Cooter yes heavens been long since I've heard that terrapins they're huge things you never hear that term used around here possibly we don't have any of them. Interviewer: {NW} what's a cooter 579: A cooter is just a small turtle it to the best of my recollection I haven't heard that expression in so long Interviewer: {NW} do you think of it being in water or land or 579: them oh that's amphibious the ones who spend most of the time in the water come out on the land too looking for food I suppose Interviewer: {NW} and talking about kinds of insects the kind of insect that flies around a light tries to fly into the light 579: we refer to them as moths Interviewer: okay um 579: or light bugs Interviewer: {NW} 579: that's not the real name for them that's what we call them the streetlights would have huge light bugs flying around them Interviewer: {NW} now you just call it a what 579: moth M-O-T-H Interviewer: {NW} what about an insect that has a little light in its tail 579: lightning bugs we call 'em Interviewer: okay 579: the I guess it's real name is a firefly Interviewer: {NW} what about an insect that'll um bite you and make you itch 579: make you itch well let's see uh Interviewer: or a little tiny I don't know if it bites you little tiny red insect that'll get 579: oh yes uh Interviewer: if you go blackberry picking maybe 579: oh what's the name the uh things uh yes I know what you mean Interviewer: you can hardly see it's it's real small 579: tick Interviewer: {NW} what what about red bug or chigger 579: oh red bugs that's what I'm trying to think of yes Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 579: #2 {NW} # the burrow under the skin and can make a {X} troublesome {X} it itches like everything Interviewer: uh huh and an insect that hops around in the grass 579: grasshopper Interviewer: have you ever heard those called hoppergrass 579: oh yes some people refer said call 'em hoppergrasses Interviewer: who who does that 579: those who are less careless about their speech who have not been well educated Interviewer: {NW} and kind of insect that might be flying around damp places you'd maybe see 'em around a stream it's got 2 pairs of shiny wings on it some people would say that they're a sign that snakes were near 579: oh yes oh there's also an insect that stays in trees and puts out a strange cry about sunset the real name is cicadas C-I-C-A-D-A Interviewer: {NW} 579: I don't know what we call 'em we used to refer to tree frogs I mentioned that Interviewer: {NW} 579: I haven't heard of those in a long time and and I don't see many lightning bugs as we call them because for the past 12 to 15 years we've been spraying the streets in the evening to kill mosquitoes Interviewer: {NW} 579: and they kill the other bugs too Interviewer: {NW} did you ever see something called a snake doctor or 579: yes oh now what's the scientific term for that oh they call 'em uh preying mantis {D: M-A-N-T-I-S-P-R-A-Y p-praying and mantis} oh uh uh de-devil horse Interviewer: what did you call them when you {X} 579: i think we called 'em devil horses Interviewer: uh huh what about snake 579: ooh so we have several varieties garden snakes moccasin snakes rattlesnakes Interviewer: uh huh what about snake doctor the kind that {X} 579: snake doctor that's it that's it snake doctor yes Interviewer: that's the same as the preying mantis now 579: what Interviewer: that's the same as the preying mantis 579: the preying mantis is the cousin of those Interviewer: well the preying mantis doesn't have wings does it 579: I don't know we never mentioned them around here but I think I know there's some kind of uh insect that's called a preying mantis Interviewer: {NW} 579: we never mentioned them that way Interviewer: what about um a mosquito hawk or dragonfly do you ever hear of that 579: I couldn't identify one to save my neck I heard them spoken of Interviewer: around here 579: yes Interviewer: what do what do they call them {NS} 579: come in Interviewer: {NW} england 579: {NW} Interviewer: you've been to England pretty 579: oh 3 or 4 times I like to hear them talk they're so much more precise than we southern people are Interviewer: {NW} which section of of England did you like the best did you get 579: #1 is # Interviewer: #2 out # in the country any 579: oh yes I like London best because it's steeped in history and just f-featured in so many books and articles I just enjoyed London you may have Paris I like London Interviewer: {NW} um what kinds of insects will sting you 579: wow we have two wasps and bees Interviewer: {NW} 579: A strange characteristic I've noted about wasps if you get near one get net where its nest is maybe the thing will fly around you and then make for your nose or maybe your eyes I remember one day we were playing tennis and it son of one of the players was there and that things zoomed in and st stung him on the nose it hurt like everything and he let it be known too Interviewer: what about a kind of insect that builds a nest like this 579: hornets Interviewer: {NW} 579: we have those too Interviewer: and something that builds a nest out of dirt 579: we call those dirt daubers Interviewer: okay 579: I think it's a variety of wasp Interviewer: {NW} um do you know if they sting or not 579: what Interviewer: do you know if they sting 579: No I don't. Interviewer: {NW} What about something that's um builds nests in the ground it's got 579: {NW} Interviewer: it's yellow and black 579: I don't know what that is Interviewer: you ever hear go ahead 579: years ago we used to try to catch what we call doodle bugs Interviewer: {NW} 579: we take a straw from a broom and mix a little mud on it and stick it down in there and if we saw it move a little bit we'd pull it up and here was a doodle bug a pale colored sort of thing with a little hump Interviewer: {NW} 579: near they head and that would they would use that hump to get up and down the the little hole Interviewer: {NW} do you ever hear yellow yellow jack 579: oop yes indeed I was about to forget the yellow jackets Interviewer: uh huh how do they build their nest 579: I don't know I have an idea that they lay make theirs pretty much as the wasps do Interviewer: {NW} up somewhere 579: what Interviewer: up some 579: yes and a sort of papyrus uh material it's not not always mud it's sometimes this uh sort of parchment like material such as wasps make Interviewer: {NW} 579: the not oh not uh yeah that's right wasps you find 'em hanging a big clump on a tree sometimes yellow jackets and wasps both Interviewer: {NW} 579: and you better leave it alone too Interviewer: {NW} 579: of course we we know that the bees make their cells of wax remarkable little insects we we have a few horseflies here too and if they bite you you know it Interviewer: say um if you hadn't cleaned a room in a while up in the ceiling in a corner you might find a 579: cobwebs Interviewer: okay what about something like that outside maybe across a bush 579: across what Interviewer: across a bush maybe 579: a across what Interviewer: a bush 579: bush oh they would just be called webs Interviewer: okay and the parts of the tree that grow under the ground are called 579: roots Interviewer: did you ever hear of using roots or vines for medicine 579: Yes and oh let's see years ago some people living in the country would come around selling sassafras I don't know whether the part of the root or part of a stem coming out of the ground but anyway you could steep them and make sassafras tea out of them Interviewer: {NW} 579: some people liked them just because there was something to drink and some thought it had medicinal qua qualities I don't know now Interviewer: {NW} and what different trees do they have around here 579: oh an endless list we have some of the finest hardwood that grows in this country oak, ash, hickory, gum, pecan, walnut which is getting scarce um let's see softwoods we have pine and cottonwood and sycamore Interviewer: {NW} 579: the one that's probably most used in building and in making furniture oak and gum next to that {NS} Interviewer: um and the kind of tree that um you tap for syrup 579: kind of tree what Interviewer: that you tap of syrup 579: we don't have any that I know of Interviewer: you know what it's called 579: well that maple tree is in New Hampshire Vermont Maine up that way Interviewer: {NW} 579: but we don't have those Interviewer: um did you ever live up there or did you just travel 579: no I've just visited up there on summer vacations Interviewer: uh huh um do you know what they'd call a big group of those um maple trees growing together 579: a grove Interviewer: {NW} and the kind of tree that George Washington cut down 579: George what Interviewer: the kind of tree that George Washington cut down 579: cherry tree is what we have very few of those they grow in the more northern climates Interviewer: {NW} what about um do you this is a bush or shrub the leaves turn bright red in the fall and it's got little clusters of berries on it 579: there are 2 kinds blackberries and blue and uh and uh dewberries Interviewer: {NW} do you have something called sumac or shoemake 579: yes the leaves turn a beautiful red color that's about the only vividly colored shrub we have in this climate Interviewer: uh huh what what do you call that 579: sumac Interviewer: okay and do you have a a bush or or shrub called mountain laurel or spoonwood 579: Not here that grows in the mountainous country. Interviewer: {NW} what about rhododendron or 579: No North Carolina is thick with them but we don't have them down here that's a mountainous Interviewer: {NW} 579: tree shrub. Interviewer: what about the the state tree of Mississippi what's that 579: Magnolia oh we have a good many of them and they they {NW} blooms were very large and they're right fragrant too Interviewer: Mm-hmm um do you ever hear those called anything else um do you ever hear it called a cow cumber or cucumber tree 579: No I never have. Interviewer: um what kinds of of bushes or vines will make your skin break out if you touch 'em 579: oh good gracious 2 of 'em {NW} uh poison ivy and poison oak Interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: Some people are very allergic to them I'm one of them. I don't want to touch any poison ivy oh well you hear more of poison ivy than you do with poison oak. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what's how can you tell the difference between them 579: I can't but the one that I recognize as being very harmful to me has a trifoliate leaf usually 1 petal goes up and 1 on each side and you can tell it's a vine alright and not a young tree or shrub Interviewer: {NW} 579: if you if you are allergic to them they can really make the contacts unpleasant painful Interviewer: what um kinds of berries do they have around here 579: blueberries and blackberries and I think there's some called gooseberries but I don't know when I've seen a one of 'em Interviewer: what about a red berry that you make shortcake out of 579: make what out of Interviewer: shortcake it's a red berry 579: don't know that Interviewer: you know straw 579: huh Interviewer: straw 579: shrub Interviewer: strawberries 579: strawberries oh heavens they grow across the ground delicious if you get them when they're ripe and put enough sugar on them Interviewer: {NW} 579: we don't have a great many of those around here mostly in the southern part of the state and in Florida Interviewer: they have well what do you call those 579: strawberries Interviewer: {NW} what about a a berry some of 'em are red and some of 'em are black they've got sort of a rough surface to 'em 579: blackberries are like that when they uh red they're not ripe Interviewer: {NW} what about rasp 579: what Interviewer: rasp 579: spell that Interviewer: R-A-S-P-B- 579: raspberries no we don't have them Interviewer: say if if you saw some berries and didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those they might be 579: poisonous Interviewer: and if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind she'd say I have to ask 579: some of them refer to their husbands as papa some of 'em as daddy Interviewer: {NW} 579: some by they names Jim George what have you or some will say my husband Interviewer: uh huh what would a husband say he'd say I have to ask 579: wife by given name or just wife or some uh joking way my better half Interviewer: uh huh and your father and mother together are called your 579: parents Interviewer: what did you call your father 579: papa when we were young father when we was older Interviewer: {NW} you called him father to 579: when we grew older papa when we were young Interviewer: {NW} what about your mother 579: she was mama when we were young and mother when we were older Interviewer: {NW} and your fathers father he's your 579: sometimes grandpa usually grandfather Interviewer: {NW} what about his wife would be 579: grandma or grandmother Interviewer: uh huh and if you had 2 children you might have a son and a 579: daughter Interviewer: or a boy and a 579: boy and a girl Interviewer: and something on wheels that you can put a baby in and it'll lie down 579: well everybody just call those a perambulator or pram but we call them a baby carriage Interviewer: uh huh and you'd put the baby in the carriage and then you'd go out and 579: Push it. Interviewer: okay and to get something to come towards you you'd take hold of it and 579: Pull it. Interviewer: okay um and if a woman was gonna have a child you'd say that she's 579: is expecting or pregnant Interviewer: did they used to use that word pregnant when you were growing up 579: i think that grew in usage past my boyhood Interviewer: {NW} it wasn't nice to say then 579: I don't know why it just wasn't in general use when I was a boy Interviewer: {NW} and if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you might send for would be a 579: a midwife Interviewer: and if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has and the same shape nose you'd say that he what his father 579: resembles his father looks like his father Interviewer: {NW} what if he has the same mannerisms and behavior you'd say that he 579: has the same ways as his father Interviewer: {NW} and if a woman's looked after three children until they're grown you'd say that she's what three children 579: well most people say raised I don't like it I say reared Interviewer: {NW} why don't you like raised 579: what Interviewer: why don't you like raised 579: I think raising hogs cattle chickens what have you Interviewer: {NW} and if a child was misbehaving you might tell him if you do that again you're gonna get a 579: spanking Interviewer: what would you say to an older child 579: It you're going to be punished. Interviewer: okay would you ever hear whipping or thrashing or 579: #1 what # Interviewer: #2 tanning # whipping or thrashing 579: Oh hairbrush or raise a strap? Interviewer: uh huh 579: or uh a rod or some kind small piece of wood Interviewer: if you were gonna use that you'd say you're gonna give the child a 579: Whipping. Interviewer: okay um what does biking do with your hands {X} 579: Spanking was generally done with a bare hand on the rear end of a very young child. Interviewer: okay and the child that's born to a woman that's not married is called a 579: Bastard. Interviewer: any other names for that more common 579: well they might be referred to as by older or more mature persons as an illegitimate child Interviewer: {NW} did you ever hear something like woods colt or bush child 579: what Interviewer: woods colt or bush child any sort of common expression 579: wo-wo-wood what Interviewer: colt 579: no I've never hear that term Interviewer: okay and a person who's supposed to look after an orphan is called a his legal 579: look after what Interviewer: an orphan is called 579: oh legal guardian Interviewer: and if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my 579: you say this town this what Interviewer: this town is full of my 579: your relatives or kinfolks Interviewer: okay and you say well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no 579: kin Interviewer: and somebody who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before he'd be a 579: stranger Interviewer: and what if he came from a different country 579: a foreigner Interviewer: would you ever use that word foreigner to refer to someone who didn't come from a different country but came from a different section of this country 579: I've never heard such Interviewer: okay and these are some names um the name of the mother of Jesus 579: the name of the mother is what Interviewer: the name of the mother of Jesus 579: the virgin Mary Interviewer: okay and George Washington's wife 579: well most people lose sight of the fact that her name was Martha Custis that's referred to as George Washington's wife mostly Interviewer: {NW} um did you ever hear the song wait 'til the sun shines 579: yes good gracious long long ago Interviewer: do you remember what the name was in that 579: no a woman's name Nelly? Interviewer: okay that that would fit 579: {NW} Interviewer: um and a a nickname for a little boy named William 579: Named who? Interviewer: named William a nickna- 579: William Bill or Billy Interviewer: okay and the first book in the New Testament 579: Ge-Genesis Interviewer: or the New Testament 579: oh the new oh oh uh what is it um Interviewer: Matt 579: Matthew Mark Luke Matthew Matthew Interviewer: and um the name of the wife of Abraham 579: Sarah Interviewer: and um 579: I'm skating on thin ice now I have too many magazines Interviewer: {NW} 579: not enough time to read the bible Interviewer: um you take magazines pretty much you subscr- 579: I have about 5 of 'em more than I oughta have can't read all of 'em properly Interviewer: what sort of magazines do you read 579: Which ones? Interviewer: {NW} 579: the Geographic National Geographic the Smithsonian magazine the Readers Digest Time and my church paper Interviewer: so you're a member of the Smithsonian um the that group they have of people 579: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # to how is their magazine I've never seen a copy of it 579: Very interesting and the place itself is fascinating I believe that you could go there every day for a week and still not see all the interesting things Interviewer: {NW} um someone nicknamed Bill his full name would be 579: William Interviewer: and if your father had a brother and by that full name you you would call him 579: Well my father had a brother named Harry and he was uncle Harry to us. Interviewer: {NW} what about if if his full name was William he'd be 579: He might be called Will or Bill or William. Interviewer: or unc- he if he's your fathers brother he would be your 579: uncle when we were young we'd refer to uncle Bill uncle Will uncle William or might be Interviewer: okay and the last book in the New Testament I mean the the last before gospels is 579: John Interviewer: and if your father had a brother by that name he'd be 579: he might be John or if Interviewer: he's your fathers brother 579: Yes uncle uncle John or maybe uncle Jack. Interviewer: {NW} 579: Usually though they wouldn't refer to an uncle by such an informal name as Jack. Interviewer: {NW} and do you know what they used to call a barrel maker 579: A boiler maker? Interviewer: barrel 579: {X} Interviewer: #1 ba- # 579: #2 ba- # Interviewer: barrel 579: spell that Interviewer: B-A-R-R-E-L 579: Oh a cooper. Interviewer: okay and what would you call a married woman who had that last name 579: A married woman what? Interviewer: with that last name she'd be 579: Well she'd be Mrs. Jones Mrs. Brown what have you. Interviewer: or the last name Cooper she'd be 579: whatever the family whatever the family name of her husband was she'd be Mrs that whatever name Interviewer: if if her family name was Cooper or Cooper or 579: incidentally we always call that Cooper down here which isn't correct Interviewer: {NW} what what would you call her she'd be 579: Mrs. Cooper Interviewer: okay and a preacher that's not very well trained just sort of preaches here and there isn't very good at preaching what would you call him 579: A poor preacher. Interviewer: do you ever hear the expression shade tree or jack leg preacher 579: No. Interviewer: {NW} and what relation would my mothers sister be to me 579: Aunt and a strange thing has developed among the colored folks they refer to an aunt as auntie Interviewer: {NW} 579: where they got that I can not imagine it years ago when I was a small boy she was auntie now shes auntie Interviewer: {NW} 579: I can't make it out Interviewer: {NW} well um say if your mother's introducing you to her brother and and sister she'd say this is 579: Uncle Jim and Aunt Mary Interviewer: or this is your uncle and this is 579: your aunt Interviewer: okay and um say the highest rank in the army is 579: some kind of general I don't know which one Interviewer: {NW} well what about someone beneath the general 579: colonels majors Interviewer: okay 579: lieutenant colonels Interviewer: #1 have you ever # 579: #2 oh oh # I I believe the general of the army is the highest ranking general Interviewer: uh huh were you ever in the army 579: No I've never been in the army I was above age for the first World War Interviewer: {NW} 579: by a few months. Interviewer: {NW} 579: my mother was getting old and my brother was an invalid and they needed me more than my country did Interviewer: {NW} 579: So I didn't volunteer. Interviewer: {NW} what do they call a a man in charge of a ship 579: Master or Captain. Interviewer: okay who would say master 579: What? Interviewer: who would say master 579: well the colored folks of old used to say marster but we call 'em masters or usually captains Interviewer: to people in charge of a ship or people that they worked for or what 579: people in charge of a ship Interviewer: {NW} 579: well Interviewer: #1 the the # 579: #2 you mean a # Interviewer: steamboat 579: huh Interviewer: you mean the steamboats I guess 579: steamboats Interviewer: uh huh 579: we don't have the ships here Interviewer: um what did um colored people used to call the people that they worked for 579: way way back yonder a century ago or more {D: massa M-A-S-S-A} Interviewer: {NW} 579: or sometimes boss Interviewer: {NW} 579: eve uh even to this day boss is frequently used he's my boss Interviewer: uh huh 579: my boss says this and so forth Interviewer: do they use that word captain um still 579: {NW} when I was a boy there were more captains whom I thought were not entitled to the title Interviewer: {NW} 579: and I don't know how they got it some of 'em were retired steamboat captains Interviewer: uh huh 579: Some were captains in the civil war. Some were captains in the national guard. Interviewer: {NW} 579: but I think it was a sort of title of respect in a good many cases Interviewer: what would the colored people say would you ever hear them call 579: cap'n or cap Interviewer: {NW} and the person who presides over the court is called the 579: {D: judge way back yonder they colored folks called 'em jej-} Interviewer: {NW} 579: {D: a shovel was a shivel} Interviewer: {NW} okay and a person who goes to school is called a 579: scholar or pupil or schoolboy or schoolgirl Interviewer: what about if you're college age would you still call 'em a pupil college pupil or 579: students Interviewer: okay and person who works in an office and does the typing and so forth would be called a 579: clerk typist Interviewer: or sec 579: stenographer Interviewer: or sec 579: Although with the coming of tapes stenographers that took notes in short hand are becoming obsolete. Interviewer: {NW} well um another name for a person like that be someone who does the typing and takes care of the mail and schedules the appointments and so forth would be called a 579: clerk Interviewer: or sec 579: what Interviewer: sec 579: clerk Interviewer: what about secre- 579: What? Interviewer: Secretary 579: oh what oh yes yes yes a great many female employees are called secretaries but they aren't really that the employer just wants to sound important so he calls them secretaries Interviewer: who has a secretary 579: what about Interviewer: you think of a secretary as being a more elevated position for more responsible 579: yes a secretary might make notes of certain appointments that her employer has to meet or make notes of what transpired at certain important meetings Interviewer: {NW} 579: not just the routine typing and filling out of forms and so forth Interviewer: {NW} and a man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a 579: actress Interviewer: and if you're born in the United States then you say your nationality is 579: {NW} I-in the United States? Interviewer: your nationality is 579: American Interviewer: okay and what different um words were there for the races what what did they used to call black people 579: Niggers. Interviewer: {NW} 579: They hated it. In later years they did. Or darkies or coons. Interviewer: was coon a a derogatory term or jocular 579: oh bout like uh uh uh darkies Interviewer: {NW} 579: no that wasn't used as much as the other terms Interviewer: {NW} are any of those terms used now 579: You very seldom hear the word coon. Interviewer: {NW} 579: I don't like the word blacks they're not all black some of them are chocolate colored some of 'em are yellow. Interviewer: what do you mean yellow 579: Very light colored. Interviewer: {NW} 579: Result of some um indiscretions among persons of different races so to speak. Interviewer: {NW} um what about white people what're they called 579: White people. Interviewer: any other terms for whites 579: No since this term of blacks and whites has come up you find 'em referred to as whites in newspapers and magazines and on TV and so forth. Interviewer: {NW} 579: We just refer to them as white people. Interviewer: {NW} What about um a child that's um born with with one parent's colored and the other parent's white? What would you call a child like that from a racially mixed marriage? 579: No particular term for that except that since the person would be pretty light colored might be referred to as a high yellow. Interviewer: {NW} 579: They are generally more intelligent than the brown negroes or the black negroes because they have some white blood in 'em. Interviewer: What would you call a really dark skinned negro? 579: Just a negro or the well if you describe it you say he's very dark or very black. Interviewer: {NW} and what would you call white people that aren't very well off but they don't care much they don't try to work they don't have much education 579: White trash. Interviewer: {NW} is that a word white people use to call 579: That's the way white people refer to no count as they say other white people. Interviewer: {NW} 579: No ambition no education willing to live in rather primitive conditions. Interviewer: {NW} 579: White trash. Interviewer: um what did um negroes used to call white people like that did they 579: I don't know I've never heard them express themselves on the subject Interviewer: {NW} did you ever hear the terms cracker or hoosier to mean white 579: The Indiana people are referred to as hoosiers. What was the other word? Interviewer: cracker 579: George {NW} Georgia crackers Interviewer: uh huh but did you ever hear cracker just meaning any white person 579: No. Interviewer: low down um what about someone um from Louisiana the French people from Louisiana 579: A certain section in a certain section and or speaking of a person from that section they're called Cajuns C-A-J-A-A-N-S. Interviewer: {NW} 579: C-A-J-A-N-S yeah which is a corruption of Arcadians Interviewer: {NW} what about um any more vulgar term for Cajuns 579: Any what? Interviewer: another a more vulgar term for Cajuns 579: Don't know of any. Interviewer: did you ever hear coonie or coonie ass 579: What? Interviewer: coonies 579: Coonie? Interviewer: or coonie ass for Cajuns 579: I've never heard of them. Interviewer: okay what about someone who lives out in the country and doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town everybody sort of knows his um and sort of laughs about him you know being from way out in the country 579: We used to call 'em country Jakes. Interviewer: okay um any other terms like that that you can think of to refer to groups of people 579: No I can't think of anything else. Interviewer: {NW} and say if um if you were at a party and you look at your watch and it's around eleven thirty or so might say well we better be getting home it's what midnight 579: might say it's time to go {NW} course it would be Interviewer: it's it's not 579: #1 oh it's getting # Interviewer: #2 quite midnight # 579: late or might say it's getting late Interviewer: uh huh it's not quite midnight yet but it's 579: not quite what Interviewer: it's not quite midnight yet but it's 579: would say it's getting late Interviewer: uh huh 579: or late for me Interviewer: {NW} and say if you were walking outside on some on an icy area you'd say well I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I like I didn't actually fall but I slipped and I like like to 579: Have fallen. Interviewer: how say the whole thing 579: to have fallen Interviewer: uh huh I slipped and I 579: almost fell Interviewer: {NW} and if someone was waiting for you to get ready so y'all could go somewhere and he calls out and ask if you'll be ready soon you say I'll be with you in 579: A little while or few minutes or five minutes or three minutes or what have you. Interviewer: or just I'll be with you in just 579: With you in what? Interviewer: ju- you mean just one minute you'd say I'll be with you in 579: In a minute. Interviewer: okay 579: Which is foolish. Interviewer: and um 579: Are we getting near the end of this? Interviewer: um pretty near the end 579: You know what I think well I'll tell you later go ahead. Interviewer: okay um this part of my head is called my 579: Huh? Interviewer: this part of my head is called my 579: Forehead. Interviewer: and 579: {D: It really is forehead but we call it forehead.} {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: uh huh and this is my 579: Hair. Interviewer: and on a man hair here would be a 579: Beard or whiskers. Interviewer: okay and this is my 579: Ear. Interviewer: which one 579: Left ear. Interviewer: and this is 579: The right ear. Interviewer: and 579: Mouth. Neck. Throat. Interviewer: what do you call this thing here 579: That's where I bled let's see uh oh shucks um well your windpipe goes down there uh epiglottis comes in there somewhere Interviewer: {NW} 579: and the other word uh Interviewer: esoph- esophagus you mean 579: yes the esophagus. Interviewer: did you ever hear goozle 579: A what. Interviewer: goozle 579: Spell that. Interviewer: goozle G-O-O-Z-L-E I guess 579: {X} Interviewer: goozle 579: How you spell it? Interviewer: G-O-O-Z-L-E 579: {D: Zoozle?} Interviewer: goozle 579: Goozle. Interviewer: uh huh 579: Well I've heard of a guzzle where you just gulp down a water fast when you're very thirsty or beer or what have you Interviewer: {NW} 579: but no goozle no. Interviewer: okay and these are my 579: Teeth. Interviewer: and one 579: Front teeth. Interviewer: this is just one 579: Oh yeah I've forgotten. Interviewer: well I mean you the singular of teeth is 579: The what? Interviewer: the singular form of teeth is 579: The what kind of form? Interviewer: the singular 579: Spell that. Interviewer: uh these these are two teeth this is just one 579: Tooth. Interviewer: okay and the flesh around your teeth 579: The what? Interviewer: the fl 579: Gums gums. Interviewer: okay and this is my 579: Hand. Interviewer: two 579: Left hand and right hand. Interviewer: so I have two 579: Two hands. Interviewer: and this is the 579: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: and this is one 579: Fist. Interviewer: two 579: Fists. Interviewer: and the place where the bones come together you'd call a 579: Come together? Interviewer: uh huh you know where 579: Joints. Interviewer: okay and on a man this upper part is called his 579: Chest. Interviewer: and these are the 579: Shoulders. Interviewer: and {NS} you have a what you walk on 579: Feet. Interviewer: and this is my 579: That'd be your your thigh or your upper leg and your foreleg Interviewer: uh huh 579: and your ankle and your foot. Interviewer: and if you get down in this position you say you 579: Full knee bend. Interviewer: or you what down 579: Squat. Interviewer: did you ever hear another way of saying that that you're down on your hunkers or haunches 579: that's what you were a moment ago {NW} Interviewer: what's that 579: on your haunches way down Interviewer: uh huh 579: full knee bend Interviewer: {NW} what do you call this sensitive bone right here 579: shin bone Interviewer: okay and if someone had been sick for a while you say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 579: we might say puny Interviewer: okay 579: most likely would say puny Interviewer: uh huh someone who's in real good shape you'd say he's big and 579: husky Interviewer: okay 579: which is a slang term you won't find that listed among scientific terms Interviewer: uh huh 579: I think Interviewer: what about someone who's real easy to get along with doesn't lose his temper you'd say 579: friendly congenial likable Interviewer: okay and someone like a teenage boy that is just all arms and legs you'd say that he's 579: awkward Interviewer: okay and a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you'd say he's just a plain 579: keeps on doing things that don't make sense Interviewer: uh huh 579: we might say nut Interviewer: would you ever use the word fool 579: fool Interviewer: {NW} 579: oh yes uh huh Interviewer: that's alright to say 579: the bible says you should not call a man a fool {NW} {X} says it's in danger of hell fire Interviewer: {NW} 579: I never took that literally though Interviewer: well someone who has a lot of money but won't spend a cent you'd say that he's a 579: tightwad or stingy mostly a tightwad Interviewer: {NW} and when you say that a person is common what does that mean 579: person is what Interviewer: is common 579: ordinary or just common either one Interviewer: is it insulting 579: what Interviewer: is it insulting to say 579: well it's certainly not uh something to be proud of you wouldn't tell a person to his face you're ordinary you're common Interviewer: {NW} 579: but that's what they are Interviewer: when you say that a girl is very common what does that mean 579: you would keep quiet about it you mean uh you modest Interviewer: well uh what what do you think of if you if someone said that a girl was common would it take on a would it take on a slightly different meaning 579: no ordinary be the other word I'd think of Interviewer: okay and someone like an older person that still gets around real well and doesn't show his age 579: active spry Interviewer: okay and say if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 579: anxious Interviewer: or a little you wouldn't feel easy you'd feel 579: uneasy Interviewer: and you say well it'll be alright just don't 579: you giving consent to a child to do something Interviewer: no you say well the children will get home alright just don't 579: worry Interviewer: and a little child might say well I'm not going upstairs in the dark I'm 579: scared of the dark Interviewer: okay 579: now they wouldn't say afraid I'm scared Interviewer: uh huh and you might say well I don't understand why she's afraid now she what 579: well if a child is afraid now it's unlikely that they were not afraid at an earlier age but you might say she will outgrow that Interviewer: {NW} well if she hadn't been afraid earlier you'd say well I don't understand why she's afraid now she 579: something must've frightened her Interviewer: how would um what's the opposite of used to be you say I 579: present Interviewer: I don't understand why she's afraid now she would you say she used not to be or didn't used to be or how would you say that 579: yes oh but a better expression would be she formerly was not Interviewer: {NW} but using the expression used to be how would you say that 579: just that way Interviewer: how 579: she use we'd say she use to to be Interviewer: uh huh and you'd say there's there's nothing really wrong with aunt Lizzy but sometimes she acts kind of 579: might say nutty or foolish or silly Interviewer: {NW} {D: what about queer or quar} 579: what Interviewer: Q-U-E-E-R 579: queer Interviewer: uh huh 579: well if we use that term it would really be a bad situation uh somewhat demented Interviewer: you mean she would just mean she's crazy or 579: bordering on it Interviewer: uh huh is that word changed meanings recently 579: {X} what Interviewer: has that word changed meanings recently 579: what queer Interviewer: {NW} 579: I should say yes now it as I understand it indicates a person who is more than eccentric but not insane Interviewer: {NW} and say a person who who makes up his own mind and then there's no use arguing with him you can't make him change his mind 579: you'd say he or she has a mind of his or her own Interviewer: uh huh or he won't ever admit he's wrong you'd say that he's 579: is stubborn Interviewer: okay and somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper you'd say that he's mighty 579: I just can't get along with him or her Interviewer: {NW} what you'd say you better not tease him about that um because he's when it comes to that subject he's still mighty 579: you might say obstinate Interviewer: w would you ever say something like touchy or testy or touches or 579: catchy Interviewer: touches touchy 579: spell that Interviewer: T-O-U-C-H-Y 579: {D: pouchy} Interviewer: no touchy 579: touchy oh yes yes don't mess in that that's a touchy subject with him Interviewer: {NW} and say well I was just kidding I didn't know he'd get so 579: mad Interviewer: and 579: twitches is not the right word angry or annoyed or what have you Interviewer: and someone's about to lose their temper you might tell them now just 579: might tell 'em what Interviewer: someone's about to lose their temper you tell them not just 579: tell 'em what Interviewer: what would you tell them 579: now don't get mad about that Interviewer: or just keep 579: calm yourself Interviewer: {NW} and if you had been working very hard you'd say you were very 579: tired Interviewer: any other words people would use 579: worn out Interviewer: okay and say if a person had been well and all of a sudden you hear they've got a disease you'd say well yesterday they were fine when was it that they what sick 579: you should say fell ill but we say got sick Interviewer: okay and someone went outside in bad weather and came in and was sneezing you'd say that he 579: catch a cold Interviewer: or if that had happened you'd say yesterday he 579: caught a cold Interviewer: and if it affected his voice you'd say he was 579: hoarse Interviewer: {NW} and if you do that you have a 579: sore throat Interviewer: or a 579: cough Interviewer: and say you'd gotten someone some medicine you'd go in there and you see the medicine still lying by their bed you'd say why haven't you 579: taken this medicine Interviewer: and they might say well I already what some 579: the person might say I don't like the taste of it or I forgot it Interviewer: or you'd say well an hour ago I what some 579: what Interviewer: you might say well I did an hour ago I what some medicine 579: you might say I did take it but it didn't do any good Interviewer: okay and if you can't hear anything at all you'd say that you're 579: stone deaf Interviewer: and say if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet you'd say look how much I 579: perspired some might say sweated Interviewer: okay and a sore that comes to a head is called a 579: a what Interviewer: a sore that comes to a head is called a 579: a store that Interviewer: a sore 579: sore oh a boil or a carbuncle Interviewer: okay are they the same thing 579: no a carbuncle is worse and as I understand it goes deeper below the surface Interviewer: {NW} and when a boil opens the stuff that drains out 579: is generally called pus or matter Interviewer: okay what about in a blister 579: they have a an almost clear fluid in them Interviewer: {NW} 579: and if they're punctured that runs out Interviewer: what do people refer to that as 579: I never heard it mentioned as anything except water Interviewer: okay and you say a bee stung me and my hand did what it got bigger you'd say my hand 579: a bee stung me in my hand and what Interviewer: and my hand did what where it stung me my hand 579: swelled up Interviewer: and you say it's still pretty badly 579: swollen Interviewer: and they say if a bee stings you then your hand will 579: swell Interviewer: and if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you'd have to get a doctor to look at the 579: place Interviewer: or the 579: wound Interviewer: and you know sometimes a wound won't heal back right and it's got a it gets sort of a skinless growth on it it's gotta be cut out or burned out 579: a a growth on the skin Interviewer: well it doesn't heal back quite right 579: doesn't grow back quite right Interviewer: uh huh 579: oh I don't know I never encountered that Interviewer: did you ever hear some kind of flesh 579: proud flesh or granulated flesh Interviewer: {NW} and if you cut your finger you could put a few drops of 579: if you cut your finger Interviewer: uh huh 579: antiseptic Interviewer: or a brown liquid medicine that stings 579: oh iodine Interviewer: and a real bitter medicine 579: {D: quinine} Interviewer: and if someone was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he 579: was killed Interviewer: okay any nice ways of saying that a person died 579: passed away or transpired Interviewer: what about a crude way of saying that 579: died is the only one I can think of Interviewer: {NW} you'd say well he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died 579: of Interviewer: and a place where people are buried 579: cemetery Interviewer: and any old name for that 579: what Interviewer: any old fashioned name for that 579: burying ground or burial ground Interviewer: {NW} and what they put the body in 579: coffin or casket Interviewer: and if people are dressed in black at a funeral you say that they're in 579: mourning and you know what that reminds me of Interviewer: what 579: if a womans husband died way back yonder about eighty years ago Interviewer: {NW} 579: a woman she might have a box full of good stationary you know that's set aside she gets mourning stationary which has a black border around the note sheets and a black border around the envelope and they use those for what they thought was a proper length of time before going back to their regular stationary Interviewer: I never heard that 579: also Interviewer: just say 579: a widow way back yonder would wear a mourning uh um what do you call it cap or hat whatever it was I saw a turtle shelled affair Interviewer: {NW} 579: plain black didn't rise up high didn't have any frills on it and a long black crepe that went down behind to the waist and she wore that for what was thought a proper length of time in respect to her husband Interviewer: huh that's interesting um say on an average sort of day if someone asks you how you're feeling what would you answer 579: {NW} you might say pretty good pretty well fine Interviewer: okay and when you're getting old and your joints start giving you trouble you call that 579: well they used to say rheumatic now they say arthritic Interviewer: okay and what's the noun they say you've got what 579: arthritis or rheumatism Interviewer: okay and a very severe sore throat that children used to have dip 579: tonsillitis Interviewer: or dip 579: strep throat Interviewer: where they'd choke up and die from it 579: croup Interviewer: or dip- dipther- 579: what Interviewer: dipther- 579: strep throat Interviewer: {NW} 579: {D: streptococci} Interviewer: did you ever hear um something that children would die from they'd choke up they'd get blisters on the inside of the throat 579: I don't know what they got but croup a good many of them those days Interviewer: what about it starts um it starts with a D dipth- 579: oh oh diphtheria Interviewer: uh huh 579: yes I forgot about that Interviewer: and a disease where your skin and your eyeballs turn yellow 579: skin and what Interviewer: your skin and your eyeballs turn yellow 579: jaundice Interviewer: okay 579: I know I had it once Interviewer: oh really 579: it robbed me of all my energy I just couldn't do a thing Interviewer: {NW} and when you have a a pain down here and you have to have an operation 579: appendicitis Interviewer: and if you ate something that didn't agree with you and it came back up you'd say you had to 579: vomit it or what's the other word uh throw it up Interviewer: {NW} both of those are nice ways of saying that 579: what Interviewer: both of those are nice ways of of saying that 579: both of 'em what Interviewer: are nice expressions to use 579: vomit would be better Interviewer: {NW} what about a really crude way of saying that 579: puke {NW} Interviewer: and if if a person vomited you'd say he was sick 579: at the stomach Interviewer: and if a boy kept on going over to the same girls house and was spending a lot of time with her you'd say that he was he was seriously interested in her you'd say he was 579: you might say in love with her or he's soft on her Interviewer: would you ever say he's courting her or sparking her 579: {X} often when marriage was contemplated Interviewer: then what would you say 579: he's courting her Interviewer: {NW} 579: very seldom said wooing her Interviewer: uh huh 579: always courting her Interviewer: uh huh and he would be called her 579: lover beau Interviewer: and she would be his 579: girl or if it was known that they were going to marry fiancee Interviewer: okay and if a boy came home with lipstick on his collar 579: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 you'd say # he had been doing what 579: smooching or necking Interviewer: okay and when a girl stops letting the boy come over to see her you'd say that she 579: if the thing was really serious we would say that she had rejected him Interviewer: {NW} like if she asked him to ma he asked her to marry him 579: yes Interviewer: {NW} 579: or if she uh either was evident that he had serious intentions she rejected him Interviewer: what about um say they were engaged and all of a sudden she 579: broke it off Interviewer: {NW} but do you ever say turned him down or gave him the sack or 579: turned him down yes Interviewer: uh huh but if she didn't turn him down they went ahead and got 579: married Interviewer: um any joking ways of saying that 579: hitched Interviewer: okay and at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called a 579: the best man Interviewer: and the woman that stands up with the bride 579: the maid of honor Interviewer: and do you remember a long time ago um if people would get married other people would make a lot of noise fire off rifles and 579: we called it shivaree but the real word C-H-I-R C-H-I-V-A-R-A-E shivaree French I think chi no C-H-I-V-A-R-I-R-I-E Interviewer: {NW} 579: I forgot the exact form of it shivaree is a count is a corruption Interviewer: {NW} um say if you had gone to New Orleans last weekend you'd say last week I went 579: to New Orleans Interviewer: would you say down or up or over 579: down most likely Interviewer: how do you use down and up and over 579: down'd be southward north would be upward up to Interviewer: {NW} 579: over to Monroe or over to Jacksonville Interviewer: {NW} and say if there were some trouble at a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the 579: whole bunch Interviewer: okay and when young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you'd call that a 579: they used to call it dancing but it's not dancing now Interviewer: {NW} do you remember what they'd call the dances that that held at home 579: the dances what Interviewer: that that hold at home 579: just a home dance Interviewer: okay and if children get out of school at 4 o clock you'd say 4 o clock is when school 579: lets out Interviewer: and after vacation children might ask when does school 579: after vacation what Interviewer: they might ask when does school 579: they might what Interviewer: children might ask when does school what again 579: started to school again Interviewer: okay and if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up in school that day 579: played hooky Interviewer: okay and after kindergarten you go into the 579: oh I'm old my deaf now Interviewer: {NW} 579: being a bachelor Interviewer: well what was the the um the grade or class that that you went into when you were six years old you call that 579: they didn't have any fixed er- limits those days Interviewer: uh huh 579: primary school or grade school later on Interviewer: what what was the first grade or class you went into you call that the 579: oh I went to a private school conducted by my aunt when I was quite young Interviewer: {NW} 579: and there were no fixed specific names for them in those days the grade Interviewer: what would you call it a primary or first reader or first grade 579: we used to have readers {X} first second third and so on reader I don't know whether they have it now or not Interviewer: when did you use the first reader 579: when did we use it oh I don't remember Interviewer: um and years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at 579: desks Interviewer: and each child has his own 579: desk Interviewer: and if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 579: library Interviewer: and to mail a package 579: to the post office Interviewer: and you'd stay overnight in a strange town at a 579: {X} 579: I could start at Jackson Street on the north end and go out to Harris Street on the south end one side and then the other and record a great many things about people I knew who lived in those houses I said- I said you might needed {X} someday when somebody dies or gets famous. he said yes we'd like to have that so I said I'll send Gordon {B} up there with a recording tape. so I- I did just that and some day they may find it useful because I couldn't think of another person my age who doesn't have a soft or anything arteries in the brain or just plain senile Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: and I hope it doesn't prove useful someday. Interviewer: very interesting I um you stay overnight in a strange town at a 579: hotel. Interviewer: okay and if you had to go to the hospital the woman that would look after you would be called a 579: nurse I had 'em bout three thousand dollars worth Interviewer: {NW} um that's when you were in that convalescent home after your fall? 579: let's see I went to the hospital on the fourth of July and I had nurses three a day for a long time and then two a day up to the thirty first of August. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: thank goodness they had some insurance and good old Medicare. Interviewer: um you catch a train at the 579: depot or station usually depot. Interviewer: or the full name for that would be rail 579: railroad. Interviewer: okay and say if if two streets cross and well I could sort of make a sketch of it um {NS} say if two streets cross and you're on this corner and you want to get over to this corner instead of walking like this and this 579: diagonally across. Interviewer: uh huh is there any expression you can think of to describe movement like that? 579: oh yes uh catty corner. Interviewer: okay how else do you use that word catty cornered? 579: what about it? Interviewer: how how can you give me some more examples of how you'd use catty corner? 579: well that was it you're going in a diagonal direction. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: and I don't know how to spelled it well it's cat a cornered or cat uh cornered. Interviewer: mm-hmm. and 579: either one is risky. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 579: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you'd tell the bus driver this next corner is where I want if you were riding a bus you'd say this next corner is 579: is where I get off. Interviewer: okay or where I want 579: want to get off. Interviewer: okay and here in Warren county Vicksburg is the 579: county seat. Interviewer: and the police in the town are supposed to maintain 579: peace. Interviewer: or law 579: well yes maintain the law. Interviewer: what there's an expression for that you know they say if politician who thinks that police should get tougher he'd say that he's for 579: he'd say the police were what? Interviewer: if if someone wanted the police to get tougher they'd say they were for law 579: well I can't conceive of a situation like that it might come up but I I-I've never known of such Interviewer: well I'm talking about order and law and you'd say the um the police in the town are supposed to maintain law 579: enforce the law Interviewer: and talking about order too you'd say 579: law and order both they go together. Interviewer: okay um and before they had the electric chair murderers were 579: hanged. Interviewer: and you'd say the man went out and what himself? 579: the man what out? Interviewer: and 579: hanged himself. Interviewer: and are there any other terms for the civil war? 579: yes the war of the rebellion Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: #1 thats the # Interviewer: #2 the thing is # 579: only other one I can think of. Interviewer: do people refer to it as the war of the rebellion? 579: no we just refer many years we refer to it simply as the war that was before world war one Interviewer: {NW} 579: or after that the civil war to be more exact. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and 579: sometimes referred to by writers as the war between the states. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 579: the most tragic thing that ever befell this country. my goodness. Interviewer: do people around here remember that very much? I mean do they 579: #1 not not # Interviewer: #2 have a # 579: not now they've all died you see that was beginning in eighteen sixty-five remember rightly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: which be uh which would be a hundred and three years ago and there not many left who remember it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: #1 My mother was uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 579: eleven years old no yes eleven years old when Vicksburg was besieged besieged. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: {NW} and let's see I think they went out into the county somewhere and it was not as I remember in the path of the union army. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: I just don't have much knowledge of that. Interviewer: Does your mother remembers that remember that um being 579: she what? Interviewer: your mother's people lived close enough to Vicksburg so that when the war on Vicksburg came that that they had to to flee? 579: Let's see eighteen sixty-three she was eleven years old they probably lived in town then right around the corner here. {NW} Interviewer: Um these are some names of some states and some cities um the biggest city in this country is in? 579: New York state. Interviewer: Okay and Baltimore is in? 579: Maryland. Interviewer: And what are some names of some of the um the states in in the south or the states around here? 579: Kentucky's on the border Missouri's on the border there are Virginia the Carolinas Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Tennessee Interviewer: and Little Rock is the capitol- 579: Arkansas capitol of Arkansas yes abouts forget about Arkansas Texas oh well that was on the other side of the river but they were really in the south. Interviewer: mm-hmm and Tulsa is in? 579: Oklahoma. Interviewer: and the biggest city in Maryland is? 579: Baltimore. Interviewer: and the capitol of the United States is? 579: Washington District of Columbia. Interviewer: Okay how's that usually referred to as? 579: Washington D.C. Interviewer: Okay and the capitol of um or the biggest city in Missouri? 579: St. Louis. Interviewer: And the old seaport in South Carolina? 579: Charleston. Interviewer: and 579: charming city have you ever been there? Interviewer: no I haven't 579: oh you must go there sometime been there's not good English Interviewer: been there's what? 579: have you ever been there no have you ever visited there have gone there? Interviewer: do you still have relatives living there? 579: no they left there about eighteen fifty eighteen fifty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 579: my father and his family. Interviewer: you don't have any cousins or distant relatives that you know of there? 579: not that I know of. Interviewer: um and the big city in Illinois? 579: Chicago of course. Interviewer: and what are some of the bigger cities in Alabama? 579: Birmingham Mobile they're the largest two. Interviewer: and the capitol? 579: Montgomery. Interviewer: and the city up in the mountains in North Carolina? 579: Asheville. Interviewer: and what are some of the cities in Tennessee? 579: Memphis Nashville Jackson that's not so very large uh Chattanooga. Interviewer: and in East Tennessee in the mountains? 579: east Tennessee Knoxville. Interviewer: okay. 579: about to forget that. Interviewer: and some of the cities in Georgia? 579: Atlanta Macon Savannah Interviewer: and uh the city where um Fort Benning is near? 579: oh yes Fort Benning that's a military establishment exclusively isn't it Interviewer: uh huh what what city is that near or town? 579: don't know Columbus? Interviewer: okay and the big city in Southern Ohio? 579: Cleveland is the northern part of Ohio Columbus Akron Interviewer: and Cin- Cin- the the city on the Ohio River 579: oh Cincinnati. Interviewer: and the biggest city in Kentucky? 579: Louisville. Interviewer: and the biggest city in Louisiana? 579: New Orleans. Interviewer: and the capitol? 579: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: and um these are some countries um Belfast is in? 579: Ireland. Interviewer: and Paris is in? 579: France. Interviewer: and Moscow is in? 579: huh? Interviewer: Moscow. 579: Russia they can have it. {NW} Interviewer: have you ever been to Russia? 579: no and I won't go. the first thing you knew you'd be aiming a camera at somebody and there'd be a hand on your shoulder and you'd be put in jail. no confidence in them. Interviewer: I guess you've known people who have gone who didn't 579: what? Interviewer: I guess you've known people who have gone and had bad 579: oh yes I know a number of persons who been there. I see from a friend a newspaper clipping and it had a long picture taken with two or three cameras and the pieces put together showing uh Moscow and the river what's that river uh I forget Moscow River maybe and I thought well now I wonder if his guide saw him taking these pictures or how he got by with it no indeed they may have Russia I don't want to go there. Interviewer: {NW} and um say if someone asked you to go with them somewhere and you're not sure you want to you'd say well I don't know what I want to go or not. 579: I would rather that indecisive I'd say I don't want to go there or I want to go there I'd like to go there. Interviewer: okay 579: I wouldn't be indecisive about it I'd I know what I feel about certain places Interviewer: uh huh 579: Spain for one the treatment they accorded Protestants and pastors were simply barbarous had no use for that country. Interviewer: I've heard that they've been pretty tough on young Americans going there too. 579: I don't know haven't heard anything about that but the attitude towards pr- toward Protestants has relaxed a great deal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: and a good many of them visit Spain. Interviewer: mm-hmm say um if you want someone to to go with you somewhere you might say well I want to go what he goes? 579: I would say yes or no. Interviewer: well if you want him to go with you you might say well I won't go what he goes. 579: I I won't go what? Interviewer: If you want him to go with you you'd say well I'm not going what he goes too. would you say I'm not going without he goes or lessen he goes or 'un- 579: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 less he # 579: quite understand your question. you you ask a person whether he would like to go to such a place with you? Interviewer: no um if you're not going some place um by yourself if you want somebody else to go with you you might say 579: let's go to England. Interviewer: or you might say well I won't go what you go 579: unless you go. Interviewer: okay and you might say well I had a choice of two things and at first I was going to do this but then I decided to do that what of this I decided I'd do that and 579: instead of the other or in preference to the other. Interviewer: and one of the largest Protestant churches in the south is the? 579: in the south {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: well what are some there's a methodist church and 579: oh you mean the denomination? Interviewer: {NW} 579: baptists. Interviewer: okay and if two people become members you'd say they 579: immersed. Interviewer: or they what the church 579: uh baptized. what? Interviewer: or they become members of the church you say they they what the 579: I just say become members of or joined. Interviewer: okay and you go to church to pray to? 579: God Interviewer: and the choir and the organist provide the? 579: music Interviewer: and the enemy of God is called the? 579: the what? Interviewer: the enemy of god is called the? 579: the devil or Satan. Interviewer: okay what would you tell children who was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave? 579: what if they had children what? Interviewer: what what would people tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave? 579: you behaved very badly you were bad. Interviewer: or the what's gonna get you if you do that? 579: wh- the what? Interviewer: did you ever hear um a grown person tell a child if you do that the devil will get y 579: oh yes yes Interviewer: would they say the devil or? 579: yes wouldn't say a Satan they'd say the devil. Interviewer: uh huh what about the bad man or the boogerman? 579: I think the boogerman's generally for just some imaginary evil person in the dark. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: but uh sometimes they would say the bad man but usually the devil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 579: there's seldom Satan. Interviewer: what would people think they'd see around a graveyard at night? 579: what do people think of what? Interviewer: they see around a graveyard at night. 579: they would think that you might be ghoul g h o u l Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: or I don't know what else they'd think up to some mischief. Interviewer: uh huh and a house that people are scared to go in? 579: a haunted house. Interviewer: what would people see in a haunted or think they'd they would see in a haunted house? 579: ghosts. Interviewer: okay 579: or as the colored folks say ghosties. Interviewer: okay. and you might tell someone well you better put a sweater on it's not really cold outside but it's 579: it's chilly Interviewer: or it's getting what chilly? 579: what? Interviewer: would you say it's getting sort of chilly or kind of chilly? 579: you might either one of those or rather Interviewer: okay 579: rather chilly. Interviewer: and 579: or quite quite chilly. Interviewer: mm-hmm if you uh what would you say to a friend that you hadn't seen in a long time? how would you express your feelings about seeing 'em? 579: glad to see you. Interviewer: okay would you ever say proud to see you? 579: no I don't. {X} know of any persons who do. Interviewer: uh huh say if someone had about a thousand acres of land you'd say he had a what of land? he had a 579: well down here we might refer to that many acres as a plantation not a farm but a plantation. Interviewer: mm-hmm well would you ever say he had a good deal of land or a right smart of land? 579: not right smart, not educated persons. a good deal of land. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: uh a great many acres or a large plantation. Interviewer: mm-hmm but uneducated people refer to it as a right smart? 579: yes mainly colored folks. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 579: this here young lady how much more of this is there? Interviewer: it shouldn't take more than about thirty minutes more at most it's not much more. 579: heavens it's ten minutes after twelve alright let's go. Interviewer: okay um in when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask 'em then? 579: how much what? Interviewer: when a friend of yours tells you good morning what might you ask him then? if you're asking him about his health 579: oh it's just a greeting. Interviewer: what would you ask him then? 579: how are you feeling? Interviewer: okay and when you're introduced to a stranger is there anything you'd ask him? 579: glad to meet you happy to know you. Interviewer: okay. 579: usually the first one. Interviewer: mm-hmm and if some people were leaving your house you might say well I hope I see you? 579: soon a- again soon. Interviewer: okay and how do you greet someone around December twenty fifth? 579: {NW} that's easy Merry Christmas. Interviewer: okay any other expression you've ever heard? 579: no might say happy Christmas. Interviewer: what about Christmas gift? 579: that goes back to the negroes of s eighty years ago. they would be expecting a handout and they'd see a white person and hold out a hand say Christmas gift. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 579: and generally coin or something was forthcoming that's not done much now. Interviewer: what do you say on the first of January? 579: happy new year. Interviewer: did you ever hear new years gift? 579: no Interviewer: mm-hmm and you'd say I have to go downtown to do some? 579: {X} uh shopping. Interviewer: okay and say if you had just bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and? 579: wrapped it up. Interviewer: and when I got home I 579: unwrapped it. Interviewer: and if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you have to sell it at a? 579: at a loss. Interviewer: and if you like something but don't have enough money for it you'd say well I like it but it? 579: I can't afford it. Interviewer: because it what too much? 579: cost too much. Interviewer: and on the first of the month the bill is? when it's time to pay your bill you say the bill is? 579: mighty big. Interviewer: or it's it's time to pay it you'd say it's? 579: it's due now. Interviewer: okay and if you belong to a club you have to pay your? 579: dues. Interviewer: and if you don't have any money you could try to go to a bank and? 579: borrow. Interviewer: and you say he ran down the springboard and what into the water? 579: dived some people say dove which is ridiculous. Interviewer: uh huh what about um you say several children have already? 579: dived. Interviewer: uh huh but I was to scared to? 579: dive that's me. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 579: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} and when you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a? 579: belly buster. Interviewer: okay and you'd say he dived in and what across? 579: well years ago when we were first learning to swim that was called dog dog dog style. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: but later on they turn on one side and then the other and that's called a cross stroke I believe isn't it? Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: much more efficient. Interviewer: mm-hmm you say he dived in and what across the? 579: swam. Interviewer: what's that? 579: swam. Interviewer: and I have? 579: swum the lake. Interviewer: and someone didn't know how to swim and got in the water you might say that he? 579: might drown. Interviewer: and you say yesterday he? 579: almost drowned. Interviewer: and so if that after he went down the third time you'd say that he had? 579: drowned. Interviewer: and um a child puts his head on the ground then turns a 579: puts his head on the ground. Interviewer: yeah and turns a and rolls on over on puts his head on the ground and then turns a 579: rolls over? Interviewer: uh huh on land not not in the water. 579: I don't quite get that. Interviewer: well a children out playing they'd its uh you put your you squat down you put your head on the ground and then you roll on over you say. 579: oh a somersault. Interviewer: okay and what does a baby do before it can walk? 579: crawls. Interviewer: and you'd say that would be a hard mountain to? 579: climb. Interviewer: but last year my neighbor? 579: climbed it. Interviewer: but I have never? 579: climbed it. Interviewer: and you throw a ball and ask somebody to? 579: catch it. Interviewer: and I threw it and he? 579: missed it. Interviewer: or he? 579: caught it. Interviewer: and I've been fishing but I haven't? 579: caught anything. Interviewer: and if you want to get someplace in a hurry instead of walking you might? 579: run. Interviewer: and you say he what all the way home? 579: he what? Interviewer: he what all the way home? 579: ran all the way home. Interviewer: and you say they have what the mile? 579: they have run a mile. Interviewer: and if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he what from? 579: come from. Interviewer: and you'd say he what in on the train last night? 579: {X} he what? Interviewer: he what here on the train last night? using that word you'd say he 579: traveled? Interviewer: or talking about using the word come you'd say he? 579: rode. Interviewer: or using the word come? 579: oh came. Interviewer: okay and you'd say he has what? 579: come. Interviewer: and you say with your eyes you? 579: see. Interviewer: and I what her outside? 579: I what? Interviewer: yesterday I what? 579: saw. Interviewer: and you say we have? 579: seen. Interviewer: and um talking about driving your car you'd say I have never what? 579: driven a car. Interviewer: and say she walked up to the altar and she? 579: to the what? Interviewer: she walked up to the altar and she what down? 579: the author? Interviewer: the altar in a 579: altar oh yes bow down. Interviewer: or got down on her knees she 579: knee kneel Interviewer: okay what was that? 579: kneel? kneel before the altar? Interviewer: okay um and you'd say yesterday she walked up there and she? 579: knelt. Interviewer: and if you were tired you might say I think I'll go over to the couch and? 579: sleep lie down. Interviewer: okay and you say he was really sick all morning he just 579: said what? Interviewer: you say he was really sick he couldn't even sit up just all morning he what? 579: lay down. Interviewer: and tell me about things you see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 579: dreamt. Interviewer: and 579: or dreamed. Interviewer: often when I go to sleep I 579: have dreams. Interviewer: or often when I go to sleep I using it as a verb 579: I dream. Interviewer: but I usually can't remember what I have 579: dreamt I dreamed. Interviewer: and you said I dreamed I was falling and just when I was about to hit the ground I 579: I I dreamed that I was falling? Interviewer: uh huh but 579: just before I hit the ground I woke I woke up. Interviewer: okay and if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you? 579: stamped or stomped. Interviewer: okay and if a boy sees a girl at church and wants to go home with her he might ask may I? 579: go home with you or take you home. Interviewer: okay and you might tell a child now that stove is very hot so. 579: that what? Interviewer: that stove is very hot so 579: don't touch it. Interviewer: and do you remember um oh say if you needed a hammer you might tell someone go what me the hammer? 579: a hammer? Interviewer: uh huh 579: you you would you would say that you needed a hammer to drive a nail is that it? Interviewer: well if if you needed a hammer it was inside the house you'd tell someone go what me the hammer? 579: oh go and bring me a hammer. Interviewer: okay 579: we always say fetch now {X} Interviewer: uh huh um and you remember a game that children used to play where one child would be it and the other children would hide? 579: hide and seek yep. Interviewer: uh huh 579: we had another name for it I've forgotten it. Interviewer: do you ever hear hoop I spy or? 579: yes Interviewer: {D: hoopie high or something} 579: high high spy. I don't remember much about that don't remember if that was the same as hide and seek or not. Interviewer: uh huh what would you call the tree that you could touch and be safe? 579: a tree what? Interviewer: the tree that you could touch and be safe when you were playing. 579: home wasn't it home base? Interviewer: and in football you run towards the? 579: football you just what? Interviewer: in football you run towards the? 579: goal. Interviewer: okay and you say there's no need to hurry if I get there first I'll? 579: wait for you. Interviewer: and if you were about punish a child he might ask you not to punish him just give me another? 579: chance. Interviewer: and if a man was in a very good mood you could say he's in a very good? 579: humor. Interviewer: and you might say well we have termites now but I'm sure the exterminating company will get? 579: rid of them. Interviewer: okay and you say um I don't smoke cigarettes but he? 579: does. Interviewer: and you say 579: and might add he smokes like a furnace Interviewer: {NW} and you say well he didn't know what was going on but he? 579: soon caught on or learned. Interviewer: okay and say a child left his best pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there he'd say I bet somebody 579: swiped it or stole it or took it. Interviewer: okay and if a child learns something new like maybe learned to whistle you might ask well who? 579: taught you to whistle. Interviewer: okay. 579: or they might say how to Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: which I don't believe is right. Interviewer: uh huh and say if I ask you when are you going to Miami you might say well as things stand now we're what to go next Wednesday? 579: planning. Interviewer: okay do you ever say we're fixing to go? 579: say what? Interviewer: do you ever hear 579: oh fixing oh yes I don't think that's good English though. Interviewer: what does it mean? 579: preparing. Interviewer: mm-hmm and you'd say I have just what him a letter? 579: have just written him a letter. Interviewer: and yesterday he? 579: wrote me. Interviewer: and tomorrow I will? 579: write him. Interviewer: and you say well I wrote him and it was time I was getting a? 579: reply answer. Interviewer: and you say well um you put the letter in the envelope then you take out your pen and you? 579: address it. Interviewer: do you ever hear back the letter? 579: oh yes but uh oh good gracious that's not used in good circles. Interviewer: who would say that? 579: the persons who hadn't had much education and colored persons. Interviewer: how would they say that? 579: back then ago. Interviewer: uh huh and you said well I was gonna write him but I didn't know his? 579: wha- write him what? Interviewer: I was gonna write him a letter but I didn't know hi 579: his address. Interviewer: and what would you call a child that's always running and telling on other children? 579: tattletale. Interviewer: okay would you use that word about a grown person? 579: {D: either that or tailbarrow.} Interviewer: mm-hmm. and if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot of things growing in your yard you'd go out and? 579: and pick some flowers. Interviewer: okay and something that a child plays with you'd call a? 579: plaything toy. Interviewer: do you ever say play pretty? 579: what? Interviewer: play-pretty. 579: oh I've heard that expression but not having had children around me I don't know exactly what it means. Interviewer: {NW} what what would people say? 579: would a play-pretty be a noun or a an a verb? Interviewer: I think it'd be a noun I don't I don't know is it used as a verb here? 579: it could be I don't know I just don't know that expression at all. Interviewer: uh huh and 579: I think it means a toy. Interviewer: mm-hmm you say that's the book that you what me? 579: sent me. Interviewer: or that you? 579: the book you say loaned. Interviewer: or um for Christmas you? 579: gave me. Interviewer: okay and say if you had borrowed something you say well when I'm finished with it I'll what it back? 579: return it or bring it back. Interviewer: or or when I'm finished with it I'll I'll 579: I bring it back or return it. Interviewer: or another word for that um I'll give? 579: don't know any other. Interviewer: well for Christmas you what each other presents? 579: for for Christmas? Interviewer: well if you heard the expression it's better to what than to receive? 579: give than to receive oh yes. Interviewer: and you say um you have what me that book you have? 579: given me that book Interviewer: okay and you say I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it what to rain? 579: began to rain. Interviewer: and you might ask um what time does the movie? 579: start. Interviewer: or r 579: or begin. Interviewer: and you say it must have already? 579: started. Interviewer: or it must have already? 579: begun. Interviewer: and say you give someone a bracelet and you wanna see how it looks on her you'd say well why don't you? 579: a bracelet you say? Interviewer: uh huh you say why don't you? 579: put some bangles on it. Interviewer: or you wanna? 579: fasten it. Interviewer: you want her to um you wanna see how it looks on her wrist you say well why don't you? 579: look at it? Interviewer: okay the opposite of take it off is? 579: put it on. Interviewer: okay and you say you can't get through there because the highway department's got their machines in and the road's all? 579: blocked. Interviewer: or all tor 579: #1 what? # Interviewer: #2 using the # expression tear up you'd say the road's all? tor 579: torn up torn up. Interviewer: okay and say um that wasn't an accident he did that? 579: accidentally. Interviewer: or he didn't do it accidentally he did it? 579: he was in an accident? Interviewer: no something that someone meant to do. 579: oh Interviewer: it did it intentionally you'd say he did that? 579: accidentally or unintentionally. Interviewer: or if he did it intentionally you'd say he did it? 579: purposely. Interviewer: or would you say a purpose or for purpose or on purpose? 579: on purpose. Interviewer: okay and say if you had a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go what somebody else? 579: ask someone else. Interviewer: and you'd say so then I went and what somebody else? 579: what? Interviewer: so then I went and 579: asked someone else. Interviewer: and you might say you're the second person who has? 579: told me that or Interviewer: or who has? a 579: asked me that. Interviewer: okay 579: oh {NW} Interviewer: and and you say those little boys like to what each other? 579: fight. Interviewer: okay and every time they met they 579: every time what? Interviewer: every time they met they 579: they fought. Interviewer: and ever since they were small they have? 579: fought. Interviewer: and you say she what him with a big knife she? 579: with a big what? Interviewer: with a big knife she 579: you mean one person striking another? Interviewer: uh huh 579: cut it. Interviewer: or would you say stabbed or stobbed? 579: well colored folks would say stobbed Interviewer: mm-hmm. 579: but you wouldn't have that motion for a stab a stab would be like that. Interviewer: it'd be direct {X} um say if if a teacher went in the classroom and found a picture on the um blackboard she might ask well who? 579: did this or drew this. Interviewer: okay and if you were gonna lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to what? 579: lower it or let it down. Interviewer: or to get it up you'd? 579: oh to get it up Interviewer: uh huh 579: raise it or get it up. Interviewer: would you ever say hoist or heist? 579: we always said heist here which was incorrect. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: yes we used the expression heist frequently. Interviewer: mm-hmm and now could you start counting slowly? 579: what? Interviewer: would you start counting slowly? 579: doing what slowly? Interviewer: counting. 579: spell that Interviewer: count to 579: oh counting? Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: we would just say counting slowly Interviewer: well would would you do that count to fifteen? 579: I don't wait I don't get your question Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 579: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: would would you count to fifteen now slowly? 579: you want me to count to fifteen slowly? what's the sense of that? Interviewer: well it's just different pronunciations you know? 579: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen. Interviewer: okay and the number after nineteen? 579: what about nineteen? Interviewer: the number after ninet- 579: twenty. Interviewer: and 579: now this girl out here when she was in England say twenty which is correct t w e n one syllable t y twenty that's correct we don't say that. Interviewer: {NW} 579: we say twenty thirty forty and so on. Interviewer: uh huh and um the number after twenty six is? 579: twenty seven. Interviewer: and after sixty-nine? 579: sixty. Interviewer: sixty-nine is 579: se- seventy. Interviewer: and after ninety-nine? 579: one hundred. Interviewer: and nine hundred ninety-nine? 579: one thousand. Interviewer: and ten times one hundred thousand? 579: one million. Interviewer: and if you had a line of people standing somewhere the person at the head of the line would be called the? 579: if you want to do what? Interviewer: if you had a line of say eleven people the last man in line would be the eleventh man um the man at the head of the line would be the? 579: the first man. Interviewer: okay keep going. 579: what? Interviewer: behind him would be the? 579: the the what? Interviewer: behind him would be? 579: the second man. Interviewer: keep going. 579: what? Interviewer: {NW} 579: third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth Interviewer: #1 okay # 579: #2 thirteenth # fourteenth fifteenth. Interviewer: and you say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all? 579: at the same time Interviewer: or all you say all at 579: at once. Interviewer: okay and if you said something two times you would be saying it? 579: twice. Interviewer: and would you name the months of the year slowly? 579: January February March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: and the days of the week? 579: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday. Interviewer: is there another name for either Saturday or Sunday? 579: other names? Interviewer: uh huh 579: {D: well the color folks call Saturday used to saday.} Interviewer: uh-huh 579: uh the old timers a hundred years ago would refer to Sunday as the sabbath or the sabbath day. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: but I never hear that now. Interviewer: mm-hmm and if you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting? 579: good morning even though it might be one minute before noon. Interviewer: uh-huh. um if were leaving someone around eleven o clock in the morning would you have a greeting you'd use when you were leaving them? 579: we'll just say m- m- if I'm meeting someone you say? Interviewer: if you're leaving. 579: leaving just goodbye. Interviewer: uh huh 579: any time of day or night. Interviewer: do you ever use the expression good day? 579: there no I never use it or sometimes I get pretty particular to say good forenoon but that s- sounds rather stilted. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 579: or good afternoon is more likely to be used. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: or good evening Interviewer: mm-hmm what's it- excuse me go ahead 579: or goodnight. Interviewer: uh huh what's the difference between afternoon and evening? 579: that's open to question I should say after six o clock it's evening. Interviewer: mm-hmm and if you had to get up and start work before the sun was shining you'd say we had to get up before? 579: sunrise or sun up. Interviewer: and we worked until? 579: sundown or sunset mostly sundown. Interviewer: and you say this morning I saw the sun? 579: rise. Interviewer: and at six o clock the sun? 579: was up. Interviewer: or the sun did what? 579: rose. Interviewer: and when I got outside the sun had already? 579: risen or set. Interviewer: and you say um today is Thursday so Wednesday was Thursday is today Wednesday was? 579: yesterday. Interviewer: and Friday is? 579: tomorrow. Interviewer: and if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday but a week earlier than that you'd say he came here? 579: last Sunday. Interviewer: not last Sunday a week 579: oh Sunday before last. Interviewer: okay and if someone was going to leave on a Sunday not not next Sunday but a week beyond that? 579: Sunday week. Interviewer: okay and if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about? 579: two weeks or half the month. Interviewer: okay and if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody? 579: if you want to what? Interviewer: know the time. 579: what time is it? Interviewer: and you'd look at your? 579: wristwatch. Interviewer: and if it was midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say that it was? 579: seven thirty. Interviewer: or half 579: half past seven. Interviewer: and if it was fifteen minutes later than that you? 579: four-oh-eight. Interviewer: and if you had been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite a? 579: while. Interviewer: and you'd say nineteen seventy two was last year 579: last year Interviewer: what's that? 579: was last year. Interviewer: nineteen seventy-three is 579: oh nineteen seventy-three is this year. Interviewer: okay and if something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly. 579: a year ago today. Interviewer: okay and if a child's just had his third birthday you'd say that he's? 579: is three years old. Interviewer: okay and talking about how tall rooms are you'd say this room's about maybe fifteen? 579: about how tall what? Interviewer: how how tall this room is you'd say it's about? 579: twelve feet. Interviewer: okay and talking about the weather you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black? 579: clouds. Interviewer: and on a day when the sun was shining and there weren't any clouds you'd say that's a? 579: a beautiful sunshiney day. Interviewer: okay and when it's real cloudy and overcast you'd say it was? 579: threatening. Interviewer: what do you mean threatening? 579: it threatens to rain. Interviewer: uh huh what about a day that's just um the sun is you the sun isn't out you can't it's not shining it. 579: well you might say it was murky or overcast or Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: slightly cloudy. Interviewer: mm-hmm and if it had been cloudy then the clouds pull away? 579: it's cleared off. Interviewer: okay and a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down? 579: we call it a downpour or a heavy shower. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: or thundershower Interviewer: if it's got thunder and lightning in it is it {X}? 579: well wouldn't wouldn't call it a thunder shower unless there was thunder and lightning. Interviewer: mm-hmm is a shower lighter than a downpour? 579: lasts a shorter time and is generally not as heavy there could be light showers and heavy showers. Interviewer: what about something um that just a little rain that just lasts sort of all day? 579: generally called a drizzle. Interviewer: okay what about real fine rain? 579: a mist. Interviewer: okay 579: now that is used as a verb and I doubt whether that's correct it's misting outside. Interviewer: mm-hmm 579: I just don't believe that's a verb. Interviewer: mm-hmm what about if you get up in the morning you can't see across the road you'd say you had a? 579: still dark. Interviewer: or you had a 579: can't see across a Interviewer: yeah because this heavy mist that settled down. 579: oh Interviewer: you'd call that a? 579: across the room you say? Interviewer: no you you can't see outside. 579: oh foggy. Interviewer: or you'd call that a? 579: a fog or a mist. Interviewer: okay and you say all night long the wind? 579: blew. Interviewer: and the wind has what? 579: stopped. Interviewer: or it- it was pretty hard last night but in years past the wind has what harder than that? 579: fallen or decreased. Interviewer: or talking about um the wind blowing you'd say the wind has? 579: died down. Interviewer: okay um and if the wind is died down for if it's getting weaker 579: yes Interviewer: what about if it's getting stronger? 579: rising. Interviewer: okay 579: or getting stronger. Interviewer: and you'd say it started to rain and the wind began to? 579: blow. Interviewer: and the wind has what those clothes off the line? 579: the wind was what? Interviewer: the wind has what those clothes off the line? 579: those last words the wind has what? Interviewer: if you had some clothes out on the 579: oh Interviewer: the wind has what them off? 579: we might say blown them away. Interviewer: okay 579: or that'd be the main thing Interviewer: mm-hmm and if 579: or off the line. Interviewer: mm-hmm if the wind is from this direction you say it's? 579: from the east or east wind. Interviewer: and a wind halfway between south and east you'd call a? 579: southeast. Interviewer: and between south and west? 579: southwest. Interviewer: and east and north? 579: northeast. Interviewer: west and north? 579: northwest. Interviewer: and if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you say you're having a? 579: a drought. Interviewer: okay and if it was um cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a? 579: frost. Interviewer: what if it's harder than that you'd call it a? 579: freeze a hard freeze. Interviewer: okay and you'd say um it was so cold last night that the pipes? 579: burst. Interviewer: because the water? 579: froze. Interviewer: and you'd say so you say the pipes have? 579: frozen. Interviewer: or and the wa- and since they? 579: bu and burst Interviewer: they have 579: burst. Interviewer: okay and if it gets much colder the pipes might? 579: freeze again. Interviewer: and 579: burst Interviewer: and you say it was so cold last night that the lake? 579: froze. Interviewer: would you use the same word if it just sort of froze around the edges? 579: no Interviewer: what would you say? 579: we would just say that it froze around the edges. Interviewer: okay well that's all I wanted to ask you. Interviewer: Your name? 595: {B} {NS} Interviewer: and your address? 595: {B} {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} um where were you born? {NS} 595: I was born right here in Jefferson County {NS} Interviewer: Right here at Norman or 595: uh {NS} I believe now that would be in um {NS} no {NS} I don't know There ain't nothing no community at all didn't have no {NS} no name to it Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 595: #2 It just # {NS} Jefferson {X} in general is all I can say {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm About how far away from here? {NS} 595: About {NS} ten miles {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Whats the name of this community? {NS} 595: Norman {NS} Interviewer: and state? {NS} 595: Mississippi {NS} Interviewer: and how old are you? 595: Fifty {NS} Interviewer: Exactly fifty? 595: mm-hmm {NS} I was fifty in October. {NS} Interviewer: and um tell me about the work you do or what work you have done {NS} 595: Well {NW} I've not been {NS} employed besides wife #1 all # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 595: Nothing after that {NW} Interviewer: You uh you did farming and 595: Yeah now I did work in the field when I was a kid Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Do y'all farm any at all now? 595: Well we raise a little corn in the garden is about all {NS} Interviewer: Oh and what church do you go to? {NS} 595: Fellowship Baptist {D: over here at the} {NS} Interviewer: Over where? 595: {X} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Tell me about your education. What school you went to how far you got? {NS} 595: Well I went {NS} to Union Church but that has been discontinued now. Interviewer: mm-hmm. {NS} Where was it? near where you lived? {NS} 595: um {NS} I don't know. Have you ever been out that way? {NS} It's good little piece from here Interviewer: It's down past Redlake or? 595: uh-huh Yeah way down {NS} Get on twenty-eight {NS} out there and then {NS} twenty-eight runs right through. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 595: #2 Union Church # Interviewer: {NS} Uh how long did you go there? {NS} 595: About seven years I imagine Interviewer: uh-huh up through seventh grade? or sixth grade? 595: Sixth Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: I got in about a half a year {NS} before I was old enough to go to school Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} um Have you done any traveling? 595: huh-uh Just visiting around a little bit Interviewer: Mm-hmm where have you gone? 595: Well I went to Louisiana {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: Texas a couple times {NS} Interviewer: Are you very active in church or any clubs? 595: No but we do go to church. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: We're not any {NS} club members Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about uh your parents where were they born? {NS} 595: They were born here in Jefferson County Interviewer: Both of them? 595: uh-huh {NS} hmm {NS} Interviewer: Over near where you 595: {NW} Interviewer: Over near where you were born? 595: mm-hmm Yeah sure was. My grandfather Ross um {NS} had his place out there well and we were all born on the same place on his place {NS} Interviewer: This was your mother's father? 595: My daddy's daddy. Well my mother's father was born here in Jefferson County too {NS} Interviewer: Hmm you sure were {NS} um {NS} Do you know {NS} anything about your parent's education? If they could read and write or? 595: Yeah they could read and write but now as far as me knowing how far they got in school I I couldn't say Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What sort of work did they do? {NS} 595: Daddy farmed some when he was younger and {NS} and public worked Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about your mother? {NS} 595: Well she didn't hold {NS} a job either {X} has one Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} um And your grandparents let's see your mother's parents they were {NS} 595: Well now I didn't know {NS} much about them {NS} mm-hmm Grandma Davenport died when {NS} I was just a kid Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: And I never did know grandpa Davenport he died when mother was {NS} a small child Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know where they were born? {NS} 595: No I I don't think I do {NS} but {NS} they were all born here in Jefferson County. Interviewer: oh your {NS} mother's parents #1 were both # 595: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: born in Jefferson county? 595: uh-huh Mother and daddy both both sides of the family born in Jefferson County Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Do you know what um sort of work your mother's parents did? {NS} 595: Well no now my grandfather on mother's side Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Had a cotton gin {NS} and if I remember right {NS} he ran the post office {NS} just a little hole in the wall I guess you could call it. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} So he's he could probably read and write pretty well. 595: mm-hmm yeah {NS} What about your um grandmother {NS} you know about her education? No uh I don't Interviewer: mm-hmm {NW} um {NS} And your grandparents on your father's side? 595: Well now I can barely remember my grandpa on daddy's side but grandma died when I {NS} shortly after her last child so Interviewer: mm 595: Oh that'd be a hundred years ago {NW} because I think grandma Davenport was {NS} I believe now she was right around ninety-two when she died {NS} Aux: {NW} 595: I never did get to see grandpa Davenport Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Do you know anything about your father's parents um like what sort of work they did or 595: {NW} Well now grandpa Ross was a farmer {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about your grandmother? {NS} just housewife or 595: mm-hmm Yeah she was a housewife {NS} Aux: {X} Interviewer: Would you know about their education? 595: No Interviewer: {NS} mm-hmm 595: I wouldn't {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear um anybody say where um either of your parent's people came from way back a long time ago 595: No but I think um {NS} I think uh let's see know was it grandpa Davenport {NS} Was it {NS} Scott's descent Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Is this your mother's? 595: uh-huh {NS} Mother's daddy {NS} Interviewer: What about your husband how old is he? 595: He's fifty-five {NS} Interviewer: And he goes to {NS} a baptist church too? 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about his education? 595: Well now I think he got a third grade education Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} what sort of work does he do? 595: He works with {D: R-E} {NS} Interviewer: Is it rural electric 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: What does he do? for R-E {NS} 595: Well he used to be {D: a line} {NS} he does {NW} now just anything in general here if they need him out on the lines they'll send him out {NS} and if they don't need him there well they'll put him in the shop to Aux: what 595: repair the trucks and anything that has to be done Interviewer: mm-hmm What um where was he born? 595: He was born here in Jefferson County. We're all homesteaders {NW} we didn't stray off very far {NW} Interviewer: Do you think his parents were born here too? {NS} 595: Well now I don't know but I have heard his mother Aux: {X} {NS} 595: Speak of um {NS} I don't know I believe they were all born in Franklin County {NS} Interviewer: Where's that? 595: {X} {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: No I think that's in it's either Franklin or Wilkinson County I don't know just which. Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: but Aux: {X} 595: I don't think now they were born here but they all migrated from way down it's not far {NS} Interviewer: um Is your husband very active in {NS} clubs or church or 595: uh-uh He's just uh lodge and legion member and Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Outside of that that's all Interviewer: What's what lodge? your son's lodge 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What legion? {NS} 595: The American legion. Aux: {X} {NS} {X} Interviewer: are you in {NS} anything like that or you just go {NS} 595: uh-uh uh well now we uh {NS} we attend the suppers and that's how that and the installation of the officers #1 that's all # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 595: {NS} Interviewer: um Tell me something about what this community is like how much it's changed since well when did you come to Norman? 595: I think I lived here in Norman about well thirty- two years #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 595: And it hasn't changed much {NS} some of the old buildings has been sold and the older people have died out and {NS} some of the buildings has been sold and the only thing new around is the post office Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: And it's not completed yet but it's Interviewer: What? {NS} they're building a new post office 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: where's that? 595: uh just across the highway on {X} {NS} But it used to have a hotel that's been discontinued as it's about to fall down {NW} {NS} {X} {NS} Interviewer: uh {NS} When you were growing up did you live in did you move around a lot or? 595: uh-uh No um we was out here in the eastern part of the county {NS} and I married and mother and daddy now the young one's all lived Vicksburg Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and {NS} we was all born and raised here and we settled here after we married Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} um I'd like to get an idea of what the house that you grew up in looked like you think you could um sort of make a a floor plan of it you know to show me where the rooms how many rooms there were and and where they were? 595: I can't I don't even remember Barbara it's been so long and that house has been all torn down Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: So I wouldn't I wouldn't know how to start anything like that Interviewer: What about for this house here? do you think you could 595: well Interviewer: sorta make a 595: I'll let you do the drawing I'll let you look and um {NW} Interviewer: well you tell 595: You can draw it Interviewer: You tell me how it is 595: oh well Well you could very well take it here Interviewer: no 595: Well it's just uh you wanna sit over here or Interviewer: No you just go sit down I'll {NS} 595: It's just a four room house. Interviewer: just is it longer than it is wide or 595: Yeah I believe it is uh-huh {NS} and we built this extra room on over on the other end of it {NS} Interviewer: Do you know what the how many? 595: #1 the dimensions are? # Interviewer: #2 feet there are # 595: I think this is uh {NS} twelve by fourteen I think Interviewer: twelve feet wide 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: fourteen 595: fourteen long {NS} Interviewer: oh 595: Now this room the living room and that bedroom in there they're both the same size Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and the this junk room and kitchen are the same size Interviewer: so so like you just divide it right down the middle 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: okay {NW} um {X} where where do I put them all {NS} are these four rooms all the same size? 595: Uh well what this one and this one are these two are and this supposedly bedroom and the kitchen are all the same size but they're smaller than Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I think they have nine and a half feet wide Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and eighteen feet long Interviewer: for what footage 595: this uh bedroom in here Interviewer: uh-huh 595: kitchen I measured the kitchen here not but two or three years ago I was going to put some linoleum on it Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and I never did do it after Woodrow started with the tile in here I said, "well we'll be going all over it" Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and pay as we go {NS} Interviewer: um let's see this {NS} scattered I'm gonna {NS}{X} gets too low {X} 595: Yes it does {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Let's see now there are just four rooms in this 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: house? 595: And um we built this other one on over on the other side Interviewer: Where? Where is that? Over here? {NS} 595: uh Interviewer: If this this is the room we're in now 595: mm-hmm {NS} Well now it would be over on this side then {NS} Interviewer: Wait a second {NS} yeah over how far out does it go? {NW} 595: mm {NS} It's either a twelve {NS} or a fourteen by sixteen {NS} Interviewer: So it {NS} is it does it go back as far as this 595: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 room # 595: uh-huh sure does Interviewer: Something like that then? 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: You say each of these rooms this room here is twelve by fourteen? 595: mm-hmm {NS} Of course the little boy here going to the bathroom {NS} now that would be the bathroom and the foyer would be behind that other room over on the other side Interviewer: how you sorted all that huh? {NS} how are the bathroom 595: well the {NS} Interviewer: let's see 595: Plus it uh {NS} that other room and really cut it off some {NS} oh no little boy room gonna be like this Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: And uh the bathroom is whole width of this room I'm I'll mess it up for you {NS} and it's a little Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 595: #2 little # space maybe that is wide that doesn't extend as far as the kitchen does Interviewer: mm-hmm what was the foyer? {NS} 595: Well um then you come out of this room {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Go through there uh I said I'd mess you up guess I did {NS} and uh go on in the bathroom and then um come out of the kitchen Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and to the bathroom Interviewer: This is is just sort of a little space 595: uh-huh mm-hmm something little like a little hall Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} This is the bathroom? 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about this room here? 595: Now that would be the kitchen. {NS} Interviewer: And this? {NS} 595: That would be the this bedroom in here Interviewer: What was the junk? 595: Junk room that's my bedroom. Interviewer: Of this #1 okay # 595: #2 mm-hmm # {NW} If I had anything to hide I'd go poke it in there Interviewer: {NW} What about um {NS} this room here? 595: Now that's a bedroom. {NS} Interviewer: Oh this is the room we're in now 595: Oh yeah well this is the bedroom then {NS} Interviewer: oh {NS} 595: {NW} This this would be the living room Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Any old fashioned name for living room? {NS} 595: I don't know unless it's called it a parlor Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever call it that? 595: uh-uh Sure did Interviewer: What about this room here? 595: Well now that one uh would be the uh bedroom and we would Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Built on {NS} you said there was a closet Interviewer: #1 somewhere # 595: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: where? 595: Yeah there's a little closet in this other bedroom in here {NS} Interviewer: hmm 595: Closet between {NS} the bedroom and the bathroom Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} So here or something in this bedroom here? the new one? 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: Just like that or? {NW} 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: um What about the doors where are they? {NS} 595: {NW} Let me see now well we have a front door to that other room out yonder I don't understand this you know in a {NS} outlay or anything like that but the {NS} door is long in here Interviewer: uh-huh 595: but it uh we're pretty close to it Interviewer: right here? 595: mm-hmm And then {NS} one I guess you could say it's out this way Interviewer: It goes to outside? 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about {NS} and you say there's a door here? 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: There's that one there. {NS} and {NS} what about uh {NS} uh the doors back here? {NS} 595: Let me see um bedroom and the kitchen {NS} well I guess you would put your door right along there then. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about {X} can you get {NS} from this bedroom to the kitchen? {NS} Is there a door here? 595: mm-hmm {NS} Yeah I reckon so {NS} there's one there and one back in there Interviewer: mm-hmm What about from this one kitchen to the bathroom is there a door? 595: mm-hmm yeah {NS} Interviewer: Or does it is it there or {NS} is it come from this foyer? 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: Like that? {NS} 595: Let's see now {NS} I imagine so yes uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: Is this door from this foyer too? should it come {NS} 595: Well as you go through the kitchen you'll take a {NS} take the left Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: No you don't you take the right {NS} and you go in the bathroom {NS} and you take a left as you {NS} in the foyer you go into the bedroom Interviewer: Oh so this {NS} {NW} {NS} okay is there a door from these two bedrooms to each other? {NS} 595: {D: let me get this uh} Interviewer: #1 you can't see? # 595: #2 from {X} # Interviewer: Can you see now? from that bedroom in there to the bedroom you #1 got # 595: #2 oh huh-uh # uh-uh Interviewer: okay 595: No you have to go have to go through the kitchen or on the porch Interviewer: Where is how is the porch come? {NS} 595: Let's see uh {NS} Interviewer: Does it go all the way across the front 595: mm-hmm Well no {X} {NS} stops off I imagine about mid ways between that window and door and that {NS} Aux: It can't get to the window Interviewer: oh it it goes just like about to here or 595: mm-hmm I imagine so about half way {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: Well {NW} I don't know {NS} I guess it's all the same but the porch on this room goes all the way the porch is all the way on this extra room Interviewer: how oh the #1 porch should go all the way to this room? # 595: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # mm-hmm all the way down past that bedroom that that's the new bedroom there Interviewer: uh-huh wait {NS} 595: It would stop off about half way {NS} from the living room well it's not quite Aux: is that like that 595: #1 uh # Aux: #2 isn't it? # Interviewer: {NS} oh so it goes like that 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: and cuts off here? Aux: {X} Interviewer: #1 okay # Aux: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # 595: #2 okay # Small porches {X} Interviewer: #1 What a # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: is there a back porch or? 595: mm-hmm Yeah we do have a back porch it {NS} comes out {NS} from the kitchen {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and it stops off right at the kitchen door {NS} and it goes all the way back to the {NS} Interviewer: is where's the kitchen door behind us? {NS} 595: Well I imagine that would be right along in there Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: and part in the back porch is uh walled up there's just part of it opened and the rest of it's built up so high in the screened room Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Which part is that? {NW} 595: Well I I would say you've got that about right {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Do you remember um? let's see to get from the porch to the ground you have uh {NS} How do you get from the porch down to the ground? {NS} 595: Well just just the steps would be all Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: That Aux: three 595: uh uh I think there's {NW} two or three #1 steps # Aux: #2 three steps # 595: uh-huh #1 There's three steps. # Aux: #2 Three # 595: {D: uh he only halfway} {D: talk so} {NS} uh You take all that kinda stuff for granted Interviewer: {NW} um 595: Been here so long told you {NS} you just kinda get set in your ways and you just take that for granted. Well it's there {NS} and I know it I don't pay it no mind Interviewer: yeah {NS} Do you remember any old fashioned name for porch? {NS} 595: Yeah a gallery. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: Other than uh that's about all I know Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Used to used to call them gallery {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} How did you get how was the house that you grew up in heated? {NS} 595: Fireplace Interviewer: uh-huh Tell me about the fireplace the thing that the smoke goes up through you call that the? 595: the chimney Interviewer: okay What about this this thing down here? 595: You call that the hearth. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you ever remember cooking on that? {NS} 595: um yeah {NW} We'd roast potatoes {NS} sweet potatoes in the fireplace {NW} Interviewer: #1 What would you # 595: #2 That's about # All that the we cooked we always had on the wood stove Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: Cooked on that {NS} Interviewer: What would you use to cook in on the fireplace? {NS} What would you cook the food in? 595: An iron skillet I guess you'd call it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: uh {NS} I want you to {NS} Aux: #1 I know what y'all are talking # 595: #2 {X} # Dutch oven iron {NS} looked like an iron pot with it's top on it Interviewer: Did this skillet have legs on it or? 595: uh-huh Some of them did yeah Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the thing you'd use nowadays to fry eggs in? {NS} 595: Well ours would be the just the old plain wire and skillets Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: They wouldn't have legs on them. Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and no tops Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Is the thing that um {NS} you set the wood on in the fireplace {NS} 595: They call those andirons. Interviewer: Any other name for those? 595: Well uh {NS} The old folks would call them dog irons {NS} sure would {NW} Interviewer: #1 What about um # 595: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NS} This thing here {NS} 595: Now that's a mantle {NS} and they have different shapes and sizes Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Some of them are I don't know you might could call marble top or stone I don't know #1 just what they'd # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 595: Would call them nowadays Interviewer: did {NW} you ever hear it called anything but mantle? {NS} 595: uh-huh sure have Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um {NW} the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 595: That's soot. Interviewer: Okay {NS} And the stuff that you have to shovel out of the fireplace 595: That would be {NW} that's what we'd call the ashes {NW} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: {NW} Interviewer: Say if if you were gonna start a fire what kind of wood would you use? {NS} 595: Well just most any kind I reckon {NS} Interviewer: Well #1 You know # 595: #2 Something like the # Small kindling Interviewer: uh-huh What's kindling? 595: {X} well we'd always build our fires with pine, fat pine Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} That's what you call kindling? 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What about say you might take a big piece of wood and set that sort of towards the back of the fireplace {NS} it'd burn for a long time 595: That's the back log Interviewer: okay {NS} Tell me about things that you'd have in the house um this thing that I'm sitting in you'd call a? {NS} 595: Well that's my dining chair but {NW} Interviewer: Okay 595: {NW} I have to bring them to the living room because all our rockers {NW} when we get all of the rockers in here we don't have room for ourselves. Interviewer: Yeah {NS} What about um that thing there that {NS} two or three people could sit on? {NS} 595: Well a couch would be all I know {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh Any other name? 595: Well some people call them a davenport. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about sofa? 595: Sofas? Interviewer: mm-hmm Is that all the same thing? 595: mm-hmm {NS} I would imagine so. #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {NS} What might you have in your bedroom to keep your clothes in? {NS} 595: Well we have a chest of drawers. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: And the rest of our things are hanging on a hanger on the wall. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever see something that's built that um {NS} you can hang your clothes in? {NS} 595: Well some uh {NS} Cedar robes and a chifforobe Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Well we had an old chifforobe in here {NS} Interviewer: What's the difference between the cedar robe and the chifforobe {NS} 595: Well the only difference I'd know would be that cedar robes are made of cedar Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and {NS} people say that that cedar protects that odor protects the clothes from moths {NS} Interviewer: hmm 595: But I I wouldn't know myself {NW} I never did #1 have one # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 595: I wish I did Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 did you ever hear of another name for um # {NS} Cedar robe or did you ever hear of armoire or? {NS} 595: No I don't guess {NS} don't guess I have Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Anything else besides a chest of drawers {NS} that people maybe used to have? {NS} 595: Well um {NS} some people called them wardrobes {NS} Interviewer: And what's that? {NS} 595: Well we've got one in here. {NS} And it was here when we moved {NS} and uh it's a place where you can uh {NS} you know fold and stack your quilts away {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and there's a top shelf I guess you can call that {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and a shelf to put your linen in Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 595: #2 I don't know # {NS} I never did see one like that {NS} Interviewer: but you can't hang things in it 595: uh-uh no not this uh-uh {NS} Interviewer: What about something um {NS} that you might have in your windows to pull down to keep the light out? {NS} 595: Well the blinds would be all {NS} {D: that I can think of} #1 but I don't uh # Interviewer: #2 is that a # 595: I don't have any Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Is blinds made of solid material? 595: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 or {X} # 595: {NW} {NS} yeah {NS} Interviewer: You just pull? 595: Yeah that's a shade a window shade. Interviewer: uh-huh The blinds are different from the 595: uh-huh {NS} The blinds are different you can pull a string and {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um 595: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call all the things that you have in your house? {NS} say the table and chairs the couch and {NS} 595: Well I guess I would call it just about that Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What kind of 595: dining table Interviewer: {NS} What kind of store would you go to if you were going to buy some? {NS} 595: Well I guess I'd go to the furniture store Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: {NW} Interviewer: and the {NS} the top part of the house is called the {NS} 595: roof Interviewer: okay {NS} and the little room at the top of the house just under the roof {NS} 595: Now that would be the attic #1 I guess wouldn't it be? # Interviewer: #2 okay # {NS} What about the things along the edge of the roof to carry the water on? {NS} 595: That would be the eaves {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} how are they {NS} um on the roof are they built in or? 595: mm-hmm well ours are Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and the top just extends little bit over Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about you know when you have a house in an "L" that low place where they come together? 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: that make a {NS} 595: now I don't know what you'd call that {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: I have no clue. {NS} but we used to live in a little house like that {NS} Interviewer: Oh really? 595: A bit {NS} across this way and then a little ways down this way {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} You never heard the name for that though 595: No I sure didn't {NS} Interviewer: um Did you ever hear {NS} of different kinds of kitchens maybe a kitchen built separate from the rest of the house or? {NS} 595: mm-hmm {NS} Like that uh {NS} same kind of thing. Did you pop my fingers little boy? {NS} That's the same kind of kitchen that uh {NS} My grandpa used to live in grandpa Ross used to live in. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: his kitchen was built {NS} out from the house Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: No {NS} plank walk {NS} up on uh {NS} Well they'd saw logs and cut the blocks so high {NS} Interviewer: Did that plank walk have a special name? {NS} 595: Just a plank walk is all it was. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: As near as I remember {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: just a plank wall {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of different names for kitchens? {NS} cook house or cook room or? {NS} something like that? {NS} 595: No {NS} I guess not. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about a little room off the kitchen where you could store canned goods and dishes and things? {NS} 595: Well I don't know unless they'd call that a smokehouse Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: {D: would that be what it was?} I don't I don't really know {NS} Interviewer: just {NS} it's in your house though it's just a little room next to the kitchen 595: Oh I reckon that'd be called a cupboard wouldn't it? {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} say um {NS} Do you have a lot of old worthless things like old broken furniture? {NS} That you're about to throw away? What might you call that? {NS} Say, "That's not good anymore that's just" {NS} 595: Well I'd call it junk I reckon Interviewer: okay 595: {X} {NW} get rid of it {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Say um {NS} A woman might say if her house was in a big mess she'd say, "I have to" {NS} do what to my house? {NS} It's all dirty I have to {NS} 595: Well just get on in there and clean it up but I'd call mine a disaster area Interviewer: #1 okay # 595: #2 {NW} # {NW} Which it usually is {NS} {NW} Aux: Can we go check out the puppies? {NS} 595: Sugar you don't have a {NS} jacket to put on Aux: I know where my {X} thing is {NS} Aux 2: a sweater? {NS} Aux: mm-hmm 595: Just wait a while maybe momma will come on down and {NS} pick you up and bring you a shirt too or a jacket {NS} Aux: I want to see the picture of the baby {NS} 595: Well they'll bring that too. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 595: They sure will. {NS} So you you just stay inside {NS} while it's warm. {NS} Or where it's warm {NS} Aux: Cold out there 595: #1 yes ma'am # Aux: #2 with the puppies # 595: Goodness it's cold out there where the puppies are Aux: poor puppies are freezing {NS} 595: Well they momma go out there and stay with them {NS} {NW} {NS} See she'll tend to those puppies {NS} Aux: I know 595: We're wasting Barbara's tape. {NS} {NW} Doesn't matter does it? Aux: She said {X} he wanna talk {X} 595: hmm {NW} oh Aux: that's why I kept making noise 595: Well she she has to hang onto that so we better get on back to business. {NS} Okay let's go again {NW} Interviewer: The thing that you'd sweep with would be called a? 595: The broom. {NS} Interviewer: And say if if the door was open {NS} If the broom was in the corner and the door was open so the door was kind of hiding the broom you'd say the broom was {NS} where? {NS} 595: I'd just say it was behind the door. Interviewer: okay 595: It'd be there {NS} Interviewer: And if you had a two story house to get from the first floor to the second floor you have the 595: The stairs or the steps Interviewer: okay you call it steps if it's inside the house or? {NS} 595: Well I believe {NW} more often called stairs Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um {NS} years ago on Monday women usually did what kind of work? 595: That was the usually their wash day Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about on Tuesday? {NS} 595: Well they probably ironed. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} So they'd say I this week I have to do the {NS} 595: washing and {NS} ironing Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um {NS} and the place where a bachelor might have his shirts done in town that'd be called a? {NW} 595: Laundry I guess Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Did people used to use that word "laundry" to talk about washing and ironing? {NS} Did they ever say {X} 595: I guess so {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: Uh {NS} more likely than that'd be what they would call it Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and {NS} if the door was 595: Are you marking that up? Don't do it. Interviewer: If the door was opened and you didn't want it that way you'd ask somebody to 595: to close it {NS} Interviewer: Or another word you could use 595: shut {NW} Interviewer: okay {NS} And you know some houses have boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: You'd call that? 595: uh clap board I guess is what {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: {NW} {NS} That's the way this was when {NS} Interviewer: #1 any other name? # 595: #2 it's first # #1 built # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 595: {NW} Well now if it is I don't know about it {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: {NW} Clap board is all I know. You? Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: {NW} Interviewer: And say if if you wanted to hang up a picture you'd say I took a nail and a {NS} 595: And a hammer #1 {D:on tack} # Interviewer: #2 and # 595: {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and I took the hammer and I what the nail in? {NS} 595: Drive it I reckon. Interviewer: okay #1 so I took # 595: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NS} took the nail and took a hammer and {NS} 595: Hit the nail Interviewer: or {NS} talking about driving 595: {X} Aux: {NW} 595: {X} in the wall Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} You say yesterday I took the hammer and {NS} 595: drove it in Interviewer: okay #1 and # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the nail didn't get in far enough you'd say it's got to be {NS} 595: #1 driven more # Interviewer: #2 what # okay 595: {NW} Interviewer: before they had {NS} bathrooms inside they used to have {NS} 595: the outdoor toilet Interviewer: okay 595: {NW} Interviewer: What did they call those? {NS} Aux: {NW} 595: Well Johnny has {X} {NW} We always called it the outdoor toilet Interviewer: uh-huh any other #1 names for it # 595: #2 or the toilet # {NS} Well in slang I reckon it'd be the john. Interviewer: uh-huh anything else? {NS} 595: Not that I know of {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about a a building that's used for storing wood? {NS} 595: uh well that would be the wood shed I reckon Interviewer: okay {NS} What about tools? {NS} 595: tool shed or tool house {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What different buildings did you have on the farm? {NS} 595: Just a barn {NS} or a crib some call them barns and some cribs {NS} Interviewer: What would you keep in the crib? {NS} 595: corn Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: hay {NS} Interviewer: Where um {NS} in you know that upper part of the barn where you could keep hay you'd call that a 595: the hay loft {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about if you had too much hay to put up in the barn you could leave it outside in a? {NS} 595: uh now let me see I never did uh we would call that a haystack I reckon Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: uh {NS} I guess um a silo would be {NS} a {X} {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: but we never did {NS} I've never seen a silo. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: Used to be one up here but it {X} I'd never seen one inside Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: but {NS} a crib or a barn {NS} is all we ever called it. {NW} Of course we had cribs and barns too I reckon {NS} but {NS} never a silo Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} When you first cut the hay and you dry it and you rake it up and {NS} in little piles what do you call those those little piles that {NS} you rake it up in? {NS} 595: I don't know about the {NS} about the piles after it's baled Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} well before you bale it what's #1 that called? # 595: #2 I don't know what # they call it {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um 595: {NW} Yeah grass I reckon {NW} Interviewer: huh? 595: {NW} He said, "grass" I said, "yeah grass I Interviewer: #1 reckon" # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} um {NS} Did you ever have a special building for storing grain besides a silo did you ever hear {NS} any special place for grain? {NS} 595: #1 Well yes # Aux: #2 {NW} # 595: but I don't #1 they call them grain bins I reckon # Aux: #2 {NW} # {NW} 595: I've seen some but I {NW} really I don't know what they're called Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} #1 Did you ever hear of a granary or a grainery # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # Aux: #2 {NW} # {NW} 595: mm-hmm uh-uh {NS} yeah {NS} I guess that's what you would call them then {NS} there's some down here {NS} below Fayette {NS} that they'd store their corn in. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and had an opening right at the bottom {NS} so I guess that's that's what it is {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} #1 What does # 595: #2 I haven't seen # them but I don't know #1 it you know? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {NS} What different animals did you have on the farm? {NS} 595: little sheep cattle {NS} hogs goats {NS} horses {NS} Interviewer: Where where did you keep the horses? {NS} 595: In the stalls in the {NS} barn Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about um the cattle? {NS} 595: Well they just {NW} get under the sheds Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Get under the sheds and slept? 595: At the barns Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Did you ever have a um {NS} Where would you turn them out to graze? {NS} 595: The pasture. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Did you ever have little fenced in places of pasture where you could leave one over night for milking? 595: mm-hmm {NS} I had to call that the catch pen. Interviewer: uh-huh 595: {NW} Call that the catch pen. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What about # 595: #2 or a lot # Interviewer: {NS} the or the 595: a lot {NS} Interviewer: Where was the lot? {NS} 595: Well it would be a little pen next to the if the barn had a fence around it {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: well it it would be a smaller place just big enough to hold one or two cows out #1 at night # Interviewer: #2 {NW} the # fenced in place #1 around the barn # 595: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: would be the lot? {NS} 595: uh-huh {NS} But it this would be a little a smaller {NS} pen just {NS} #1 a {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about 595: {NW} Interviewer: the hogs where were they kept? {NS} 595: Well they'd all always kept in a pig pen we called it Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and um {NS} say if you were {NS} um {NS} raising {NS} tobacco and you didn't have a large area planted you'd say you wouldn't call it a field you'd just call it a {NS} 595: A patch I reckon. Interviewer: okay What sort of things did you grow in a patch? {NS} 595: well {NS} Aux: {NW} {NS} 595: just vegetables I reckon Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} any {NW} you talking about tobacco {NS} patch {NS} any {NS} 595: Hmm let's see now when {NS} truck patches {NS} Interviewer: What's a truck patch? 595: That well that's just what they called a little garden. {D:why} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: and um well it's {NS} They call that the truck patches I guess because uh what they raised in the truck patches they'd sell that. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Would they have a special name for the stuff they raised in the truck patches? {NS} 595: {D: mm-mm} {NS} just a vegetables Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um {NS} What sort of fences did they used to have? {NS} 595: Well as far back as I can remember they called it hog wire. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: they'd put that down at the bottom post {NS} and put barbed wire on top {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um {NS} kind of wooden fence {NS} that you could have around your yard or your garden {NS} 595: That was the picket fence {NS} Interviewer: What's that? 595: Picket fences. {NS} Interviewer: How did how are they built? {NS} 595: Well they'd {NW} run from a {NS} board from one post to another and tack that {NS} nail that pickets to the boards. {NS} Interviewer: Were the {NS} pickets pointed up at the top? 595: uh-huh {NS} some were yeah Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: some {NS} Interviewer: They'd need more than {NS} say say if um if you're setting up a barbed wire fence you'd have to dig holes for the {NS} 595: a post {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about a {NS} a fence that would go like this? {NS} {X} 595: Now {NS} yeah I've seen them now what do they call those? {NS} I did {X} Interviewer: {D:she} {NS} 595: aw {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of rail? {NS} 595: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 fence # or snake fence or {NS} 595: Now that could be what that is {NS} {X} {NS} I guess so if I used Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} you called it a {NS} 595: a radio piece I reckon Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Did you ever see a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock? {NS} 595: mm-hmm {NS} yeah {NS} Interviewer: What was that? {NS} 595: Uh I don't know unless it's a stone fence Interviewer: uh-huh 595: {D: that's what they're calling now} {NS} there's one out this way not very far from here but that's made of brick {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: which is not stone {NS} Interviewer: and the place um {NS} a farm where they have a lot of milk {NS} cows sell the milk and butter you call that place a 595: dairy Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever hear that word, "dairy" used to talk about anything besides this commercial farm? 595: huh-uh {NS} Interviewer: Where did y'all used to keep milk and butter before you had refrigerators? {NS} 595: In our safes Interviewer: mm-hmm What was a safe? {NS} 595: um well we put put the dishes on the top shelves {NW} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: and the milk and big old crocks on the bottom Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: on the bottom shelf {NS} Interviewer: Where did people used to keep potatoes or turnips during the winter? {NS} 595: in their cellars or pump the potatoes {NS} Interviewer: or pump? 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: What's that? 595: They'd dig a hole in the ground and put pine straw and dried broom's edge {NS} Interviewer: hmm 595: put the potatoes in that Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and uh {NS} put some more straw on it Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Cover it up with dirt {NS} and turn an old tin {D: tub} down over the top of it Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 595: #2 to keep # the water from coming in it Interviewer: and you call that a 595: pump potato pump {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} 595: and I have heard of them {NS} using the same {NS} method to store turnips {NS} Interviewer: hmm 595: {NW} {NS} okay {NS} put {NS} Interviewer: What would you use to milk in? {NS} 595: Well we just had a regular old bucket Interviewer: mm-hmm What was the bucket made out of? {NS} 595: tin I reckon Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Did you ever see one made out of cedar? not for milking it but {NS} for carrying 595: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 the milk # 595: I've seen them {NS} cedar buckets and that oak {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What's the difference between a bucket and a pail? {NS} 595: I don't know they all be about the same thing Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: or I would classify them same thing {NW} Interviewer: Do people ever use the word pail around here? 595: mm-hmm once in a while {NS} but it's mostly bucket Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about the thing you could use to carry food out to the hogs in? {NS} 595: Slop buckets is all we ever called it. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and {NS} big thing that you'd have out um {NS} in the yard for {NS} heating up water to boil the clothes in {NS} 595: We called ours our black pot Interviewer: okay {NS} any other name for that? 595: a wash pot Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and something you could have to heat up water to make hot tea and that has a spout to it and {NS} 595: Well yeah a teapot or tea kettle to heat the water in Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} do you ever use that word kettle to {NS} refer to this wash pot? {NS} 595: sometimes but not often Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and um {NS} say if you cut some flowers and wanted to keep them in the house you could put them in a {NS} 595: in a vase or a some folks called them a vase Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Who calls it a vase? {NS} 595: Well the proper people Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 595: #2 and I know # country do I'd call it a vase {NS} Interviewer: and say that you're setting the table for everyone to eat with you give everyone a {NS} #1 next to each # 595: #2 a # #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 plate # 595: the forks and spoons {NS} Interviewer: #1 and # 595: #2 or # place setting Interviewer: uh-huh well you have the give everyone a 595: plates and {NS} forks and spoon napkin Interviewer: and to cut their meat with 595: oh yeah and the knives sure Interviewer: huh? 595: a knife {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um {NS} say you have {NS} give everyone one knife and {NS} one 595: fork {NS} and one spoon Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and say if you serve steak or something and it wasn't very tender you might have to put out steak {NS} for people cut their meat with steak 595: steak knifes I don't {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and if the dishes were dirty you'd say, "I have to go" {NS} 595: wash the dishes {NS} Interviewer: and the cloth or rag you use when you're washing them {NS} 595: we always called them the dish cloth {NS} Interviewer: okay What about when you're drying them? {NS} 595: We call them the drying towel Interviewer: What's that? 595: a drying towel Interviewer: uh-huh What about the {NS} piece of cloth around you use to bathe your face with? {NS} 595: wash cloth what we call them {NS} Interviewer: and to dry yourself with {NS} 595: towel {NS} Interviewer: and um {NS} Say I knew she washes the dishes then she what them in clear water {NS} 595: rinse {NS} Interviewer: okay after she washes them then she {NS} say say something after she washes the 595: oh well uh {NS} rinses Interviewer: okay {NS} and say if you were gonna pour something from a big container to something with a narrow mouth {NS} to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a {NS} 595: funnel Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} some {NS} something that um maybe fifty pounds of lard would come in you'd call that a {NS} 595: well we'd call it a lard can {NW} Interviewer: what about um do people around here make molasses? {NS} 595: {NW} there's no mill around here that's close by that I know of {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: but {NS} I think there is one down here in Franklin County {NS} Interviewer: that they make 595: make syrup {NS} Interviewer: what's that? 595: they make syrup at that mill {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh What's the difference between syrup and {NS} molasses? {NS} 595: I don't know unless it's just the name I can't tell the difference in it Interviewer: uh-huh What what would you call it? {NS} 595: I'd call it syrup. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about um {NS} did you ever hear the name long sweetening or {NS} short sweetening? {NS} 595: {D: huh-uh} I don't reckon {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I don't recall it {NW} Interviewer: What about black strap {NS} 595: molasses yes I've heard of heard it called black strap molasses yeah Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Is there a difference in {NS} in the cane they use for black strap and {NS} or do they make black strap from {NS} 595: #1 I really don't know. # Interviewer: #2 cane # 595: {NS} uh well there is a difference but {NS} I don't uh know what the difference could be Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: What I would go by or what I go by is that {NS} different color of the cane Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: What they call the Louisiana cane that's has a purple-ish color to it and uh Interviewer: that's the {X} 595: uh-huh {NS} and uh that other {NS} they call that sorghum Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: and that's a green color {X} {NS} Interviewer: Well if you bought molasses what did it come in? {NS} 595: uh a bucket or a pail Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Did you ever hear of a stand of molasses? 595: mm-mm {NS} a {NS} stand? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: {D: mm-mm} Interviewer: say it's a {NS} little container that {NS} 595: Oh we'd always call that a syrup pitcher Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} say um {NS} something that flour used to come in was a? {NS} 595: a barrel I guess {D: haven't heard them talk about none} a barrel of flour at the time {NS} Interviewer: What about the things that run around the barrel that hold the wood in place? {NS} 595: um let's see {NS} I don't remember now what they {NS} what they called that {NS} but the wooden pieces are called staves Interviewer: mm-hmm but the metal piece that holds {NS} the wood the staves 595: unless that would be a metal band then I don't know {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh What about hoofs or hoofs? 595: Yeah? What about that they could be called either one Interviewer: called {NS} 595: hooves Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} something smaller than a a barrel that nails used to come in 595: that's a keg Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Did you ever speak of a or hear {NS} of a um {NS} water barrel or water keg? {NS} 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: You know this did that have a little thing on it that you could turn and get the 595: #1 water? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {NS} What would you call that little thing? {NS} 595: faucet I reckon Interviewer: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 what's that? # 595: faucet I reckon Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} what about something um out in the yard that you could {NS} hook your hose up {NS} to and turn and get the water out? 595: uh {X} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and {NS} and the kitchen sink what you could turn {NS} 595: um you know {NS} {NW} a tap isn't it? {NS} okay {NS} uh yeah the thing about {NS} that I just I turn the water on {NW} Interviewer: um {NS} 595: um {NS} {X} {NS} Interviewer: Did people around here raise cotton much? {NS} 595: Well some farmers does but {NS} not very {NS} they're few and far between Interviewer: uh-huh 595: now I've been to {X} and that's about all they do {X} cotton {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Are you familiar with cotton farming at all yourself? 595: {NW} a little bit {NS} Interviewer: You know when they get out there with the {NS} um {NS} hoe and they're going to thin the cotton out they call that {NS} What do they say you're going to 595: {NW} well now I did know {NS} scraping I believe I've heard it called scraping cotton Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} what about 595: thin it out I guess Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: cotton chop it Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} The kind of grass that grows up in your cotton field 595: oh well that's just all kinds Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} any {NS} special kind that comes to mind? {NS} 595: Well Johnson grass coco {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: crab grass {NS} Interviewer: #1 what about # 595: #2 Bermuda # Interviewer: huh? 595: Bermuda Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} When you're {NS} first going to rake the ground up um {NS} for planting you break it up with a 595: disk {NS} Interviewer: okay what else? 595: a tractor {NS} Well it'd be something that have {NS} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 595: #2 a plow # {NS} would it be a plow? Interviewer: uh-huh {NW} What different kinds of plows did they have? {NS} 595: Well I never did see but {NS} one kind and I'd have a {NS} turning plow and it's what they'd call it cultivated it's {NS} {X} work Aux: {X} {NS} 595: #1 wheat and {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about something that has little teeth in it breaks up the ground finer than the plow does? {NS} 595: I don't know what that would be {X} {NS} there's some {NS} {D:hair} Interviewer: uh-huh are there different kinds of {X} {NS} 595: well I never did see but one {NS} and that was um {NS} {X} {NS} {D: had his and} I have heard them called section hairs Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: that's how the {X} that's about all {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um {NS} When you're plowing then {NS} little trench thing that the plow cuts that's called the {NS} 595: the middle isn't it a furrow Interviewer: okay {NS} um {NS} 595: furrow {NS} when it's {NS} Interviewer: plow with two horses what do you call the one that walks in the front? {NS} 595: the lead one I guess I {NS} {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} if you're draw any horses and want {NS} to go faster you {NS} can hit them with a 595: reins Interviewer: or it's is the reins what you have when you're driving the horse? 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about when you're riding on a horse? {NS} 595: well that would be the bridle {NS} reins {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} what your feet are in is the {NS} 595: when you ride then you feet would be in the stirrups Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: that's {NS} Interviewer: just a second {NS} 595: think it's on {NS} Interviewer: try to just figure out {X} 595: alright Interviewer: if you don't mind {NS} um {NS} say if you have a horse hitched to a {NS} a buggy {NS} you the thing you could hit them with 595: a horse whip Interviewer: okay {NS} and {NS} if the {D:ramp} on the porch wasn't burning you might have to screw in a new 595: bulb Interviewer: okay {NS} and um if you carried the wash out to hang it on the line you could carry it out in a clothes 595: basket {NS} Interviewer: And say if you opened a bottle then wanted to close it back up so the liquid wouldn't spill out you could stick in a {NS} 595: cork Interviewer: okay {NS} say if you um {NS} went and bought some apples at the store the grocer would probably put them in a {NS} 595: bag {NS} Interviewer: made out of 595: paper a paper bag Interviewer: uh-huh what about something that um say fifty pounds of flour used to come in {NS} 595: a sack or a barrel Interviewer: #1 okay # 595: #2 half barrel # Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: I don't recall what that was {X} called Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} what about the kind of bag or sack that feed would come in? {NS} 595: we'd call those grass sacks Interviewer: mm-hmm any other name for that? {NS} 595: feed sack {NS} yeah {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: feed sacks Interviewer: what about croker sack or tow sack 595: {NW} #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} sack # 595: {NS} uh-huh {D:that} {NW} croker or gunny Interviewer: uh-huh is is that what you used to hear it called? 595: uh-huh {NS} sure have heard 'em called that Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} say if um 595: {NW} Interviewer: #1 the amount of corn that you could take to the mill to be ground # Aux: #2 {X} # 595: shh #1 shh # Interviewer: #2 the amount that you would take at one time # you could call that a 595: #1 usually a peck # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # Aux: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear any expression referring just to the the amount though? {NS} 595: {D: mm-mm} {NS} I don't think so {NS} Interviewer: what if you went out and got all of the wood you could carry in both your arms you'd say {NS} you had a 595: arm load Interviewer: okay {NS} did you ever hear a turns the turn point or turn of wood? {NS} 595: mm-mm I've heard of cords {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: a cord of wood Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} what about um say a wagon that didn't have a full load you'd say he just had a {NS} 595: a half load Interviewer: okay {NS} and {NS} this is something that {NS} children who'd play with {X} would {NS} well a musical instrument you blow on 595: harmonica {NS} Interviewer: any other name for that? 595: harp Interviewer: uh-huh what about the one that goes {NS} like this? 595: that's a Jew's harp {NW} Interviewer: okay 595: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} on the talking about the wheels of the wagon {NS} the thing that {NS} connects one wheel to the other is called the {NS} {NS} 595: axle isn't it? Interviewer: okay {NS} and {NS} starting with the inside of the wheel you'd have the hub Aux: {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 and the spokes would come out and they'd fit into the # Aux: {NW} 595: #1 now I don't know what you # Aux: #2 {X} # 595: call that but I know what you're talking about Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} what different parts of the wheel are there? {NS} 595: just the spokes {NS} and the hub is all Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: the rim Interviewer: what's the rim made out of? {NS} 595: steel I guess Interviewer: uh-huh What about the wooden piece that the rim goes over? {NS} #1 you ever hear # 595: #2 I don't know what # what you call that Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} say a man had a load of wood he was {NS} driving along you'd say that he was {NS} 595: hauling wood Interviewer: okay {NS} and if you have a wagon and two horses did somebody {X}? 595: mm-mm I don't think so {NS] Interviewer: the long wooden piece between the horses {NS} 595: oh that's the wagon tongue Interviewer: okay what about with a buggy you have the {NS} 595: well now let me see I don't remember what they called that Interviewer: do you know the wooden pieces that come 595: uh-huh {NS} I don't remember now what they did call that {NS} Interviewer: {X} {NS} 595: I don't really remember Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} what about um {NS} the thing that the traces hook on to? {NS} the bar of wood {NS} 595: uh {NS} singletree Interviewer: okay and if you have two horses then you have a 595: doubletree {NS} Interviewer: and say that there was a log across the road you'd say I tied the chain to it and I what it out of the way? 595: pulled it out of the way Interviewer: or another word you could use besides pull you could say I {NS} 595: drug it out Interviewer: okay you say we have what many logs out of the road {NS} 595: pull would be about all I'd say {NW} Interviewer: or using that other word you could say we have {NS} 595: dragged them out Interviewer: okay and you have to tie a chain around the log if you want to {NS} what it out 595: drag it {NS} Interviewer: what's that? 595: drag it Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} something that um {NS} you could use for {NS} laying a log in if you wanted to chop the log you could use set it in an egg shaped frame you know take two boards and cross them like that set the log in that you did you ever see one of those? {NS} 595: I don't guess Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I don't recall Interviewer: What about something you could use for um {NS} you wanted to saw some {NS} boards {NS} something you could a wooden frame you could set the boards across on looks sort of like that Aux: {NW} 595: We'd call those saw horses Interviewer: okay {NS} and Aux: {NW} Interviewer: what you put in a pistol {NS} 595: a bullet cartridge Interviewer: okay {NS} and so you'd straighten your hair using a comb and a {NS} 595: brush Interviewer: and if you were going to use that you'd say you were going to {NS} 595: brush my wig Interviewer: huh? 595: brush my wig {NW} Interviewer: okay 595: {NW} Interviewer: and um {NS} something that you could use {NS} um if you were going to move bricks or something heavy like that it's got one wheel in front and 595: wheelbarrow Interviewer: okay {NS} and um the thing that runs from the stove up to the chimney {NS} 595: stove pipes {NS} Interviewer: What did you use to carry coal in? {NS} 595: We never did {NS} Interviewer: You never burned coal? 595: huh-uh {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} the thing that people drive nowadays you'd call that a 595: automobile {NS} Interviewer: #1 or a # 595: #2 car # Interviewer: huh? 595: car Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and if something was squeaking to lubricate it you'd say you had to 595: {NS} oil it {NS} Interviewer: or {NS} if you put that hard stuff on 595: grease {NS} Interviewer: yeah you'd say you have to 595: grease it {NS} Interviewer: and yesterday he 595: greased it {NW} Interviewer: and if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all {NS} 595: greasy {NS} Interviewer: and um {NS} inside the tire of a car you'd {NS} have the inner 595: tube {NS} Interviewer: and if a door was squeaking you could put a few drops of 595: oil on it {NS} Interviewer: and say someone had just built a boat and they were going to put it in the water for the {NS} first time you'd say they were going to? {NS} 595: now and then {NS} I would say put it afloat Interviewer: okay {NS} What different kinds of boats did people used to have around here? {NS} 595: well now motor boats would be about all Aux: {NW} Interviewer: What about wood #1 boats # 595: #2 {X} # Aux: {X} Interviewer: people used to have say if they were going to go fishing or something {NS} 595: well {NS} they just call them boats and motors {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} did you ever hear of a a {D:bath tow} or a pea row? {NS} 595: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} something that um {NS} you could sharpen {NS} a straight razor on a leather 595: strip or stripe Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} how did people use it what did they use to call that? {NS} 595: they'd hone their razor Interviewer: uh-huh 595: {NW} they had {NS} to do it {NS} Interviewer: what what about something that was used for sharpening a knife on? {NS} 595: Well now what do they call those things? {NS} a wet rock isn't it? Interviewer: mm-hmm and something bigger they can use for an ax maybe? {NS} {D:could} turn around {NS} big old thing 595: oh aw {NS} I know what that is {NS} an Emory wheel isn't it? Interviewer: well bigger than that {NS} is a {D:grind} {NS} did you ever hear of grind? {NS} 595: #1 huh-uh I don't reckon so # Interviewer: #2 grind stone or a {X} rock # 595: {NS} I don't guess so Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} something that um {NS} children {NS} will play on you take a board and {NS} 595: see-saw {NW} a see-saw Interviewer: uh-huh if you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were 595: see-sawing Interviewer: any old fashioned name for see-saw? {NS} 595: not that I know of Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something that'd spin around and around? {NS} 595: uh we'd always called that the merry go round Interviewer: any other name for that? 595: mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: and um {NS} even if you make it at home {NS} just taking a board and {NS} 595: that's that's all we ever called it they may have another name for it but I don't remember I don't know what it'd be Interviewer: yeah what about um {NS} Did you ever hear of taking a board and fixing it down on both ends and children would jump on it? {NS} 595: What is it Belinda? {NW} Aux: I heard of it 595: Whatcha call it? Aux 2: {X} Aux: no {X} 595: I don't know what it is though {NS} Aux: I know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of {D:joclin} board or? Aux: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 anything # like that? 595: mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} you say you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a 595: a swing {NS} Interviewer: and something that um people used to burn in lamps would be {NS} 595: coal oil {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: any other name for that? {NS} 595: kerosene Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} did you ever hear of anybody um hear of anybody making a lamp using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? {NS} 595: mm-hmm {NS} {NW} some some people would call them flares now that Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: then I guess they would use them for a light Interviewer: mm-hmm how would they make it? {NS} 595: I don't know I {NS} I've never seen Aux: {NW} 595: {X} I'd always think it would blow up Interviewer: {NW} 595: so {NS} I never have seen one like that Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} say if a child was just learning to dress himself the mother would bring him the clothes and tell him well now here's {NS} your clothes here {NS} 595: I tell him to just get dressed or try it {NW} Interviewer: or you hand him and the clothes and say 595: get dressed Interviewer: or here {NS} what your clothes here 595: here are your clothes {D: yeah} Interviewer: okay {NS} and say if a {NS} child was going to the dentist he was scared the dentist might tell him there's no need for you to be scared I {NS} what gonna hurt you 595: he wouldn't hurt Interviewer: huh? 595: he wouldn't hurt say I'm not going to hurt you Interviewer: okay and {NS} say if um If I asked you was that you I saw in town yesterday you'd say no it 595: wasn't me {NS} Interviewer: and if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she'd take along a little square cloth to use as a {NS} 595: sample I guess {NS} Interviewer: any something that you might wear over your dress in the kitchen 595: apron {NS} Interviewer: and to sign your name in ink you'd use a {NS} 595: pen {NS} Interviewer: and to hold a baby's diaper in place? {NS} 595: safety pin {NS} Interviewer: and a dime is worth? {NS} 595: ten cents Interviewer: and if it was real cold before you went outside you'd put on your 595: coat {NS} Interviewer: What would a man wear to church on Sunday? {NS} 595: a suit {NS} Interviewer: okay do you remember when they had a three piece suit? Aux: {NW} 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What would that be? 595: vest Interviewer: uh-huh 595: coat trousers and vest Interviewer: okay Any other name for trousers? {NS} 595: pants or slacks Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about something that a man might wear if he was working out around the barn? {NS} 595: {NS} there's rubber boots I reckon that's all {NW} Interviewer: well the thing that would come up {NS} 595: overalls Interviewer: okay {NS} say if you went outside without your coat {NS} 595: probably is too loud {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} it was getting cold and you wanted it you'd ask someone would you go inside and 595: get my coat Interviewer: or what it to me? 595: bring it to me Interviewer: and say you say so he went in and 595: got it Interviewer: and 595: brought it to me Interviewer: and say here I have {NS} what you your coat? 595: brought your coat {NS} Interviewer: and you say that coat won't fit this year, but last year it 595: did Interviewer: it what perfectly 595: fit {NS} Interviewer: and {NW} say {NS} a matching coat and pants would be called a 595: suit Interviewer: and if you had just bought it it would be a brand 595: new suit Interviewer: what's that? 595: brand new suit Interviewer: okay Aux: {NW} Interviewer: #1 and something # 595: #2 Woody # Woody Woody Woody Woody {NW} be quiet {NS} Interviewer: If you stuck a lot of things in your pockets it makes them {NS} makes them what out? 595: bulge {NW} Interviewer: and you say well that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it 595: shrunk {NS} Interviewer: and seems like every shirt I washed recently has {NS} 595: shrunken {NS} Interviewer: but I hope this new shirt won't 595: shrink {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} if a woman likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to {NS} 595: dress up Interviewer: okay what if she liked would you say that about a man? {NS} he likes to dress up? {NS} 595: well I don't know {NS} Interviewer: does that sound funny to say that? {NS} 595: well not necessarily {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: they could dress up sometimes I reckon Interviewer: uh-huh 595: {NW} Interviewer: What about a woman's likes to stand in front of a mirror and you know 595: preen and primp {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh Would you say that about a man? {NS} 595: I wouldn't think so Interviewer: uh-huh it sounds a little sissy 595: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 or something # {NS} What about something that a woman might wear around her wrist? {NS} 595: a watch or bracelet Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and say if you have a lot of little things strung up together {NW} put around your neck as an ornament you'd call that a 595: necklace Interviewer: or a {NS} 595: pendant Interviewer: or if it was beads you'd call it a {NS} what of beads {NS} 595: string {NS} Interviewer: huh? 595: string of beads I reckon Interviewer: okay {NS} and something that men used to wear to hold up their pants {NS} 595: suspenders Interviewer: Any other name for that? {NS} 595: some call them galluses Interviewer: okay {NW} and {NS} Something you'd hold over you when it rains 595: an umbrella {NS} Interviewer: and something that um people used to carry their money in {NS} 595: wallet and billfold {NS} Interviewer: What about a long time ago? little leather thing {NS} that had a clasp on it {NS} 595: I don't know {NS} change would be change purse? Interviewer: okay {NS} and the last thing you put on a bed the real fancy cover {NS} 595: would be the spread or the coverlet {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um {NS} what you {NS} put on the bed for warmth? {NS} 595: well a blanket {NW} quilts Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: Now I have made a few quilts {NW} Interviewer: Do you still make them? 595: {NW} Every now and then I will uh-huh {NS} have something to do Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about the thing you put your head on that's the 595: That's the pillow. Aux: Can I go outside just for a few minutes? 595: You can go out there and see the puppies for just about that long but now don't stay here #1 because it's cold out there # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} I already know everything you tell me {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever see anything um about {NS} twice as long as a pillow {NS} 595: mm-mm I don't reckon {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um something {NS} say if you have a lot of company and you didn't have enough beds for the children you might make a? 595: pallet Interviewer: okay {NS} and {NS} If you raised a lot of corn, you'd say this year we raised a big? 595: crop {NW} Interviewer: What's that? 595: A big crop of corn Interviewer: uh-huh You'd say we expect a big crop from that field because the soil is very {NS} 595: We'd always call it rich soil. Interviewer: Or another word meaning rich you'd say the soil is very {NS} {NW} 595: well fertile Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What different types of land do you have? {NS} 595: Now I wouldn't know about that. it's just {NS} poor soil and fertile soil Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 595: #2 is all I know # Interviewer: {NS} {NW} well the land along a stream or river that's overflowed and grow {X} you'd call that {NS} 595: I don't know Interviewer: mm-hmm Aux: {D: what all do I have to put on grandma?} 595: Well sugar you just can't go out there it's cold #1 you stay in here # Interviewer: #2 you want him to wear this # sweatshirt? {NS} 595: He can put Grandma's sweater on in there he wore it yesterday and then last night {NS} We just going to have to get on that momma about being careless about your clothes {NS} It was hot when she brought him down here and {NS} turned all cold and he hasn't been home since the day before yesterday {NS} he came in {D:there thinking} that you were here {NS} Interviewer: hmm {NS} that was Thursday then 595: mm-hmm {NS} Aux: Grandma {X} {NS} {NW} 595: Now don't stay out there long now {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of low land or bond land or? {X} 595: uh-huh yeah {NS} {D:low line} {D:airiers} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: low line {D: airiers} pastures {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about uh a place that {NS} it's got water standing on it {NS} 595: We call those sloughs Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: I think Belinda has gone out there without a sleeve on too {NS} Interviewer: What about um What's a slough like now? {NS} 595: Well now don't think I'd know say how it's be a place low line place that would never dry up Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about a a place that's kind of wet that has trees growing in it? {NS} 595: That's a swamp Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and um {NS} place that field that might be real good for grass, but not much else {NS} good for grazing cattle {NS} 595: Well now I don't know if I know what that's called or not {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a {D:mannow} or {NS} um {NS} 595: yeah {NS} a {D:mannow} {X} #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 What's a # 595: {NS} grazing area Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What different kinds of soil are there around here? {NS} 595: I don't know about that. {NS} Interviewer: well say that real sticky {NS} kind of soil {NS} 595: Yeah but I don't know what you'd call Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 595: #2 it # Interviewer: Did you ever hear of prairie or um gumbo or buckshot? {NS} 595: mm-hmm The buckshot now we have that down in the swamp Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: here {NS} Interviewer: What's buckshot like? 595: it's just old {NS} sticky mud Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and the more you walk on it, the taller you get {NW} It will stick to your shoes and or your feet and it just won't come off Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: You can't shake it off It would stick You walk along the farther you walk, the taller you get {NW} Interviewer: Is it um good for planting? {NS} 595: huh-uh {NS} Interviewer: What is good for planting? {NS} 595: Oh I really don't know. {NS} Fertile soil would be about all I know to call it. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} say if you had some land that was a little swampy to get the water off you'd say you had to? {NS} 595: Drain it. Interviewer: Okay. And the things that you'd dig {NS} to drain that water off {NS} 595: Well we'd call them ditches. Interviewer: okay {NS} and say if there had been a heavy rain {NS} fall and the water had cut out a little? {NS} 595: trench Interviewer: okay {NS} is that what you'd call it? A trench? 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What about um something along the edge of the road to carry the water off? {NS} 595: That's the road ditches. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} say if if the rain had washed out a big area real wide and deep {NS} big enough for you to get down in there just {NS} just a 595: Well now I don't know that I know what you would call that. well we'd just say it washed out a big hole Interviewer: mm-hmm I was thinking something like gully or ravine or {NS} 595: Yeah a gully Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What's a gully? # 595: #2 {NW} # {NS} It's just a big wash out Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} um {NS} Something say if you had some water flowing along you'd call that a? {NS} 595: stream Interviewer: okay what about something um {NS} pretty big that would be a? {NS} 595: Well we call those creeks. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something smaller than a creek? {NS} 595: a {D:branch} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: that's what we call them here. {NS} Interviewer: Anything smaller than a branch? {NS} 595: mm-mm I don't {D:reckon you} just a ditch I reckon Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 595: #2 is # Is what we'd call them. {NS} Interviewer: What about um bigger than a creek that'd be a? 595: Be the river wouldn't it? Interviewer: mm-hmm Say if you had a string of water that was flowing along and suddenly {NS} dropped {NS} fell for several feet 595: a waterfall Interviewer: okay {NS} and a place where {NS} boats stop and {D:breaks} unload it that'd be a? {NS} 595: A dock or a pier {NS} Interviewer: What's the difference? {NS} 595: I don't know. {NW} I don't know. unless they have put ramps out in the water Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um {NS} What are some of the streams or rivers in this area? {NS} 595: Well what do you mean, the names? Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: What they call some one there's one between here and Natchez now they call they call it Cold's Creek Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and it forks and they got {NS} the North fork and the South fork Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: Let me see is that the South fork? {NS} I think so, but I'm not sure I don't pay it no mind #1 no more # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # {NS} What else besides Cold's Creek? {NS} 595: Well there's a Dabs Creek down near Rodney {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: {NS} and a little bigger stream {NS} up in Port Gibson they call that by a pier it's {NS} Aux: {X} 595: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: They call it what? 595: #1 Big {D:pa} pier and little {D:pa} pier # Aux: #2 Big {D:pa} pier and little {D:pa} pier # Interviewer: {NS} little 595: by pier bayou Interviewer: What's a bayou? {NS} 595: Well it's a little it's a {D:string} of water just a little bit bigger than a creek but it's not river size Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: I guess you could call it a pretty good sized creek Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: but outside of that {NS} Interviewer: What river do these {NS} streams flow into? 595: Mississippi {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} all all of them around here 595: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 go to # the Mississippi? 595: yeah {NS} Interviewer: And a small rise in land would be called a? {NS} When the land goes up {NS} be a little 595: uh dune wouldn't it? {NS} Interviewer: anything else? {NS} 595: a hill is all I know Interviewer: uh-huh what's the difference between a dune and a hill? 595: I don't know {NS} Interviewer: Did do people use the word dune around here? 595: uh-uh not much Interviewer: uh-huh 595: seldom ever hear it {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} To open the door you'd take hold of the door 595: knob {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? {NS} 595: huh-uh {NS} Interviewer: #1 What about um # 595: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NS} something a lot bigger than a hill that'd be a? {NS} 595: a mountain {NS} would that be what it is? {NS} Interviewer: and uh rock you saw in a mountain that drops off real sharp {NS} 595: I don't know {NS} Interviewer: Well say somebody jumped over the {NS} jumped off the {NS} Like it comes out and sort of hangs over 595: oh {NW} a ledge I reckon is what that would be Interviewer: #1 okay # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about um {NS} say um on television there's gun fighters for every man they kill they'd cut a little {NS} 595: notch in your gun Interviewer: okay {NS} What different types of um {NS} roads do you have around here? {NS} 595: Well black top and gravel {NS} Interviewer: What's the black top made out of? 595: tar Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and what else is it? shell I reckon slag {NS} slag I think is what it is Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the kind of white hard paved road? that'd be a? {NS} 595: concrete wouldn't it? Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: I really don't know I guess that's what it would be concrete Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} And a little road that goes off the main road would be a? {NS} 595: That would be the gravel road I reckon. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What if it don't even have gravel on it? it'd be a? 595: Be a dirt road Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} say um the road that turns off the public road and goes up to a man's {NS} um {NS} house {NS} that's be his? 595: private driveway Interviewer: okay {NS} and a road that has a {NS} trees or a fence on both sides of it {NS} 595: Wouldn't they call that a lane? Interviewer: okay {NS} What about um {NS} something along the side of the street for people to walk on? 595: sidewalk {NS} Interviewer: and the strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street {NS} Do you ever hear a name for that? 595: mm well {NW} we always called it the median Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: is that what it is? Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Did you ever hear of #1 another # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: name for sidewalk? {NS} 595: mm-mm I don't reckon so Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} say um {NS} If you went up to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say well I guess he's not 595: here or home Interviewer: huh? 595: not home Interviewer: uh-huh 595: or would be out Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and you'd say someone was walking your direction you'd say he's coming straight {NS} 595: toward me {NS} Interviewer: and if you went into town and happened to see a friend of yours that you hadn't {NS} counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to run {NS} 595: into so-and-so Interviewer: okay {NS} and if a child is given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child {NS} 595: I don't know what that would be that Interviewer: what her mother? they named her {NS} 595: I don't know what you'd call that. {NS} Interviewer: well say if um {NS} if you were given the same name that {NS} you know your {NS} your mother's sister had you'd say that you were named {NS} 595: after so-and-so Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and if you were walking along {NS} and an animal jumped out and scared you you'd say I picked up a {NS} what? 595: a rock Interviewer: and I 595: threw it {NS} Interviewer: any other thing you'd say besides I threw it? {NS} 595: I don't believe I would {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: I'd say I threw it at him #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever hear of # chunked or flung it at him? 595: oh yeah {NS} chunked {NW} Interviewer: uh-huh {NW} 595: That wouldn't sound right I guess it would be though {NS} Interviewer: would would you ever use the work chunked? 595: I might would {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} what about um {NS} something that people drink for breakfast {NS} 595: coffee {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} and if you wanted some coffee but there weren't any ready you'd say I guess I have to go 595: and make some {NS} Interviewer: and tell me about putting milk in your coffee you'd say some people like it {NS} 595: cream and some don't Interviewer: or some people like talking about milk you'd say some people like their coffee {NS} 595: straight {NS} Interviewer: okay what's straight coffee? 595: just {NS} no sides {NS} of cream and sugar Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} just {D:no} {NS} 595: no cream and sugar Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} any other name for straight coffee? {NS} 595: Uh I I don't know {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of 595: #1 black # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 595: #1 black coffee # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # What about barefooted? Drinking coffee barefooted? Did you ever hear that? 595: huh-uh {NS} I sure haven't Interviewer: uh-huh 595: {NW} That's a new one {NS} Interviewer: say if if you like um {NS} you say {NS} some people eat corn flakes dry, but most people like them {NS} 595: With cream and sugar Interviewer: or talking about milk you'd say most people like them Aux: with milk Interviewer: if you don't use if you just have milk you'd say most people like them {NS} 595: straight {NS} Well I don't know just a which way you want that? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Most people like them what milk? 595: sweetened {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} or if you put milk in them you say you eat them {NS} with Aux: milk 595: hmm? {NW} I don't know what you're trying to get me to say now. Aux: I do {NS} Interviewer: say if {NS} if you like milk in your hot tea you'd say you drink your tea {NS} how? {NS} 595: With cream Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} you might tell someone now you can eat what's put before you or you can do 595: without {NS} Interviewer: and something that people um {NS} you say this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock 595: I ate {NS} Interviewer: okay and yesterday at that time I had already 595: eaten {NS} Interviewer: and tomorrow I will 595: eat {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} say if you were real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a {NS} 595: glass of water or a drink Interviewer: okay and you'd say the glass fell off the sink and 595: broke Interviewer: so somebody has {NS} 595: broken the glass Interviewer: okay but I didn't mean to 595: break it {NS} Interviewer: and um {NS} If you were real thirsty you might say I what two glasses? 595: drank {NS} Interviewer: and you'd ask me, how much have you? 595: drunk {NS} Interviewer: and you'd say we certainly do {NS} 595: drink Interviewer: okay {NS} and um 595: shh Interviewer: something that people eat for breakfast made out of um {NS} corn {NS} ground up {NS} 595: pancakes? {NS} Interviewer: Well something that's white {NS} they eat along with eggs or {NS} 595: bread {NS} Interviewer: okay what else do you have? 595: biscuit Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I make my biscuits {NW} and we have bread white? {NS} Interviewer: Well it's made out of ground up corn it's ground {NS} real fine 595: oh grits Interviewer: uh-huh 595: Is that what? {NS} Interviewer: #1 yeah that's what I was thinking of. # 595: #2 {D:you were talking about?} # Interviewer: {NS} 595: {NW} Interviewer: What about something else made out of corn? {NS} it's {NS} bleached um {NS} you soak it in lye water {NS} 595: hominy {NS} Interviewer: okay 595: Is that what you want? {NW} Interviewer: and something that um {NS} white is you don't eat it for breakfast, but it's white, it's made from a grain, and it grows down the delta or in wet places. {NS} 595: rice Interviewer: okay {NS} and {NS} talking about distance you'd say well I don't know exactly how far it is, but it's just a {NS} 595: maybe short way or a short distance Interviewer: okay and if you've been traveling and still have about five hundred miles to go you'd say you still had a {NS} 595: a long way to go {NS} Interviewer: and if something was real common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place {NS} you'd say, "oh you can find that just about" 595: anywhere {NS} Interviewer: and if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell over 595: backward {NS} Interviewer: and this way would be {NW} {NS} Interviewer: {NS} say if {NS} you had been fishing and I asked you if you had caught any fish you might say no {NS} 595: I didn't catch any. Interviewer: Or no what a one {NW} no {NS} 595: not a one Interviewer: uh-huh Would you ever say nary a one? 595: mm-mm {NS} no I wouldn't think so Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} who Did you ever hear that? 595: uh-huh I sure have Interviewer: How would people say that? 595: nar {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: they would call it nar or not nary a one Interviewer: uh-huh who would say that? old people or? {NS} 595: Well mostly I imagine {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} say {NS} if you got rid of all of the brush and trees on your land you'd say you do what to the land? 595: cleared it Interviewer: okay {NS} and When you cut the hay off of a piece of land and it comes up then again the same year enough so you can cut it again you'd call that the 595: Second crop Interviewer: okay {NS} um {NS} and a crop that hadn't been planted but comes up anyway would be a? {NS} 595: That would be a {D:metal} wouldn't it? {NS} Interviewer: #1 a what? # 595: #2 Don't they call it # a metal? {NS} Interviewer: for the hay you mean? 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about just any crop that hadn't been planted but comes up {NS} #1 it it # 595: #2 volunteer # Interviewer: okay What sort of things are volunteer? {NS} 595: Well there's several things I suppose and {NS} some flowers and {NS} different trees and {NS} acorns drop from the oak and they come up volunteer Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: oaks and this old elm tree here is a good thing to reproduce Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: it it's a lot of them and {NS} Interviewer: talking about um flowers if you if you have some flowers growing in your yard you want them to {NS} brighten up your room you'd go out and {NS} 595: cut some {NS} Interviewer: or if 595: or {NS} Interviewer: you didn't actually have a knife to cut them you just say #1 you'd # 595: #2 break them # Interviewer: okay {NS} uh {NS} and tell me about how much wheat you raised to an acre you might say we raised forty {NS} 595: bushels Interviewer: okay and {NS} you'd say {D: fotter} is tied up into a {NS} 595: bundle {NS} Interviewer: and then then the bundles are piled up into a {NS} 595: {X} {NS} well now {NS} I don't know what they'd call that {NS} Interviewer: What about wheat? bundles of wheat are piled up into a {NS} 595: I don't recall what that would be called {NS} Interviewer: What do you have to do with those to separate the grains from the rest of it? {NS} 595: I don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} say um if there was something that you'd {NS} if there was something that you had to do today just the two of us you might say we'll have to do it or you might turn to me and say {NS} You say you and I or me and you or {NS} 595: could do it together or Interviewer: uh-huh how how would you say that? you'd say {NS} 595: We could do it together I reckon Interviewer: yeah well instead of saying we you'd say {NS} would you say me and you or you and I? 595: you and I would probably be the {NS} right way Interviewer: Well what what would you probably say though? {NS} 595: well being me I'd say me and you Interviewer: okay 595: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What if you're talking about # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} {NS} you'd say? {NS} 595: I believe I'd say he and I Interviewer: okay Aux: {NW} Interviewer: and 595: {X} {NS} {NW} Interviewer: You'd say well he doesn't want just you or just me for that job he wants {NS} 595: I'd say both of us {NS} Interviewer: and if you knock at the door and they ask um {NS} who's there they recognize your voice you might say it's {NS} 595: me {NS} Interviewer: okay and if it was a man you'd say it's {NS} 595: him {NS} Interviewer: and if it's a woman {NS} 595: she {NS} Interviewer: and if it's two people {NS} you'd say it's 595: them I imagine {NS} Interviewer: and talking about how tall you are {NS} he's not as tall {NS} 595: as me Interviewer: okay or I'm not as tall 595: as he {NS} Interviewer: and um {NS} he can do that better {NS} 595: than I {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} say if something belongs to me then you'd say it's {NS} 595: mine Interviewer: #1 or # 595: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: it belongs to me you'd say 595: yours {NS} Interviewer: and if it belongs to both of us it's 595: ours {NS} Interviewer: and it belongs to them {NS} 595: theirs Interviewer: and to him? {NS} 595: his Interviewer: and to her? {NS} 595: hers Interviewer: Did you ever hear of his'n or her'n 595: uh-huh {NS} his and that's his'n {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Would you ever say that #1 to anyone? # 595: #2 huh-uh # I don't think I would Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um {NS} say if {NS} a group of people had come to visit you and they were fixing to leave you'd say well I hope {NS} what come back {NS} 595: I hope you'll come back. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh Would you say you if you were talking to a whole group? {NS} 595: I'd say you all that's the {NS} Interviewer: {X} 595: the southern {NW} {D:it's wrong to say} Interviewer: uh-huh would say I hope you all 595: you you would all come back Interviewer: okay Aux: {D: You need to not just lay up in the bed but I'm still cold in there} 595: Why sure the whole house is cold {NW} Interviewer: um {NS} say if there was a group at your house and they were fixing to leave and you were asking them about their coats {NS} all of their coats you know you'd say well where are {NS} 595: {NW} Would it be in each individual or all of them together? Interviewer: all of them together you'd say? 595: I'd say well ask them where were their coats? Interviewer: uh-huh well would you How would you say that to them? You'd say where are 595: Where are your coats? Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever say you alls coats or? 595: uh-uh {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} say if um {NS} there was a group of children that {NS} um obviously belonged to more than one family you'd ask about them while {NS} Would you ever say who alls children are they? {NS} 595: I imagine I would {NW} Interviewer: How would you say that? {NS} 595: I'd I'd just probably say who alls children are here or Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} say if there's been a {NS} there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and You asked me about the people who had gone you'd say well {NS} 595: Well now how would you mean that? Interviewer: You'd say well was at the party you'd ask well {NS} 595: ask who all was at the party or? Interviewer: okay {NS} and if you were asking about all of the speakers remarks you know everything you said you might say well {NS} 595: Well how would you mean? {NW} criticism or? {NW} Interviewer: Well if you hadn't been able to hear the speech {NS} You wanted to know the contents you'd say well {NS} 595: I'd just ask what was it about. Interviewer: uh-huh Would you ever say what all did he say? {NS} 595: I might would {NS} might would ask {NS} what he said {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh Would you ever say what {NS} what all did he say? 595: oh I'd just I ask what did he say? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and you say 595: {NW} Interviewer: If no one else will look out for me you'd say they've got to look out for 595: themselves Interviewer: and if no one else will do it for them you say he better do it {NS} 595: himself {NS} Interviewer: and um {NS} something that's made out of flour {NS} baking a loaf would be? 595: bread Interviewer: okay What different kinds of bread are there? {NS} 595: Well I'd say cornbread and light bread Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What do you put in light bread to make it rise? {NS} 595: yeast Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} um {NS} What other kinds of bread is made out of flour are there? {NS} 595: Well I wouldn't {NS} Well maybe the light bread would be all I know maybe a biscuit make biscuit with flour Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} you say there's there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's {NS} the kind you buy 595: the loaf bread Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} #1 or the kind you buy at # 595: #2 the light bread # Interviewer: the {X} {NS} What you buy at the store you call that 595: light bread Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What different um {NS} kinds of things are made out of cornmeal? {NS} 595: Well bread as far as I know would be {NW} the cornbread Aux: {X} 595: you are? alright {NS} cornbread would be all about all I would know to know to make myself corn meal Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something that um {NS} you can make to {NS} eat with fish {NS} 595: hush puppies Interviewer: okay 595: That is {NS} What we do {NW} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NW} anything else like that? {NS} 595: huh-uh {NS} Interviewer: What about something thats um {NS} Aux: {X} Interviewer: made out of cornmeal and salted water? {NS} you eat it with a spoon {NS} 595: Would that be gruel? Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Do you ever hear of mush or kush {NS} 595: mush {NS} seem to me like I do remember {NS} corn meal mush is what they call it isn't it? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} seemed to me like I did remember Aux: {X} 595: people talking about corn meal mush Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: but I've never tried it {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Did you ever hear of a corn dodger? {NS} 595: mm-hmm yes {NS} Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 595: #2 {NW} # just cornbread Interviewer: uh-huh they call it a? {NS} 595: corn dodger it's just slang word for corn bread I reckon {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} 595: Well Barbra I reckon we're going to have to stop and let me fix Interviewer: sure 595: oh let me fix him a bite of {NS} lunch Interviewer: okay {NS} um {NS} something that is round and it's got a hole in the center and you fry it in deep fat {NS} 595: That would be the fryer deep fat fryer {NS} Interviewer: Well we're talking about kinds of bread things this is something that's round and has a hole in the center 595: oh well {NS} cake pan wouldn't it be? Interviewer: well not I mean the thing itself that you eat {NS} it's sort of a {NS} a pastry or {NS} type of bread {NS} 595: I don't know Interviewer: It's sweet and it's it's round like this {NS} about this size and it has a hole in the 595: oh donuts! Interviewer: uh-huh are there different kinds of donuts? {NS} 595: Well there'd there's some plain and some glazed with {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: the sugar {NS} Interviewer: What about um something that {NS} you make up a {NS} a batter and fry three or four of these at one time {NS} 595: those are waffles {NS} Interviewer: Is how do you make those? 595: I've never made any {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh what about something that you make um you just pour the batter in the frying pan or skillet 595: pancakes? Interviewer: okay any other name for that? {NS} 595: We call them flapjacks Interviewer: okay 595: {NW} flapjacks {NS} Interviewer: and talking about how much um {NS} flour might be in a sack you'd say a sack might contain {NS} ten {NS} 595: and twenty-five pounds Interviewer: okay {NS} and the inside part of the egg is called the {NS} 595: the yolk and the whites Interviewer: okay what color is the yolk? 595: yellow {NS} Interviewer: and if you cook them in hot water you call them? 595: boiled Interviewer: boiled 595: boiled eggs Interviewer: uh-huh What if you cracked them and let them fall out of the shells in the hot water? {NS} 595: I don't know I never {NS} never called them anything Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: just {NW} broken Interviewer: yeah {NS} um did you ever see a hog butchered? {NS} 595: mm-hmm yes Interviewer: how would you do that? {NS} 595: well you kill him and {NS} stab him Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: so he'll bleed {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and uh {NS} scald and scrape him Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} did what {NS} What are the parts of the meat that you eat? {NS} 595: Well hams {NS} and {NS} part of it you if you want to make sausage Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: with it {NS} the ham and the shoulders and the {NS} pork sides Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: that's where the bacon comes from Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} did you ever have call that middling a {NS} 595: uh-huh yes middling Interviewer: uh-huh Do you call that a side of bacon or a middling of bacon or? {NS} 595: Well we always called it a side of bacon Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: and when it's fresh you know not cured {NW} they called it middling Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about 595: {NW} Interviewer: the outside of the bacon {NS} 595: The rind Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: we call it the rind Interviewer: and the kind of meat that you buy already sliced thin to cook with eggs {NS} 595: that's the bacon Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about the {NS} fat on {NS} salt pork you could oil with grease {NS} 595: Well we {NS} I call that my cooking meat Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: but uh {NS} it's {NS} we always called it pork fat Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Do you ever hear of um sowbelly or white meat or? {NS} 595: uh-huh {NS} sowbelly and {NS} we'd call it sowbelly too Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 595: #2 to # cook with {NS} Interviewer: any {NS} anything else besides sowbelly? {NS} 595: uh we mostly call it salt meat Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um something that you could make from the {NS} um {NS} What what are the inside parts that you eat? {NS} 595: You call that the chitlins Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: {NW} and I can eat a bushel {NW} You ever try any? Interviewer: huh-uh 595: They're good if you get them seasoned right. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: I love the things {NS} Interviewer: What about other inside parts besides the chitlins? {NS} 595: Well the liver {NS} and the lungs but we call the lungs the lights Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and we will eat those once in a while Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: but I love the liver. {NS} Interviewer: do you ever um {NS} heard of um {NS} something like made by cooking and grinding up the liver {NS} Do you ever make anything that way? 595: {NW} no {NS} sure haven't {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} someone who um kills and sells meat would be called a {NS} 595: slaughter {NS} Interviewer: or that person would be called a? 595: a butcher {NS} Interviewer: and if meat has been kept too long you say that the meat is {NS} 595: Well now we have different names for that. {NW} it's either ruined or stale or {NS} not fit to eat Interviewer: or is it's already {NS} 595: ruined Interviewer: okay 595: {X} ruined {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} Well so what would you say about a child that always gets his way? {NS} 595: We call them brats. Interviewer: or say that he's {NS} what? 595: unruly {NW} Interviewer: What about spoiled? 595: he's spoiled Interviewer: uh-huh 595: a spoiled brat is all he could be Interviewer: okay {NS} do you ever hear of um {NS} something called scrapple or pannhaas or {NS} something made from a {NS} hog meat {NS} 595: no {NS} now we use the head {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: of the hog and um make souse Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: from that {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of anything made out of the blood? {NS} 595: huh-uh {NS} sure haven't {NS} Interviewer: say if you had some butter and that was kept a long and it didn't taste right. you'd say that the butter was? {NS} 595: I'd say it was rancid. Interviewer: okay what and thick um milk you call that? 595: clabber {NS} Interviewer: What can you make from that? {NS} 595: Well now some kind of cheese Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: I think {NS} cottage cheese I think it is Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} what's the first thing you have to do after milking? {NS} 595: Well you strain it first {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and then put it away {NW} in the country {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: we let the cream rise {NS} we'd strain it, then put it away and let the cream rise {NS} skim the cream from it {NS} churn the cream Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and drink the milk Interviewer: {NW} {NS} um {NS} this is something kind of like a a fruit pie only it's got several layers of fruit and dough in it. {NS} maybe if it's made out of apples you have a layer of dough then a layer of apples then and some more dough and some more apples {NS} 595: Would that be a cobbler? Interviewer: okay {NS} um {NS} and say you might take milk or cream and mix that with sugar and nutmeg and pour it over pie or make a sweet liquid to pour over pudding or pie you'd call that a? 595: Would that be a sauce? Interviewer: okay {NS} and if someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his {NS} 595: food Interviewer: #1 okay # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Did you ever hear of vittles? {NS} 595: yes {NS} that's the slang for food {NW} vittles Interviewer: uh-huh would you say that yourself? {NS} 595: I wouldn't huh-uh {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and food taken between regular meals you'd call that? 595: a snack I guess {NS} Interviewer: and Say if dinner was on the table {NS} and the family was standing around waiting to begin you'd tell them, just go ahead and 595: be seated {NS} Interviewer: or go ahead and what down? {NS} 595: sit down Interviewer: and you say, so then he went ahead and {NS} 595: helped his plate Interviewer: #1 or {X} # 595: #2 or that # Interviewer: what down? {NS} 595: hmm? Interviewer: that he was standing up and then he? {NS} 595: would sit down Interviewer: okay and you say no one else was standing because they had all 595: been seated Interviewer: or they'd all what down 595: sit sat down Interviewer: okay and if you want someone not to wait until the food is passed over to them you tell them, just go ahead and 595: help themselves {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} say I asked him to pass them over to me since he had already {NS} 595: Well I would say served himself Interviewer: or since he had already 595: helped his plate Interviewer: okay {NS} and if something someone offers you some food you don't want you'd say? 595: #1 no thanks # Interviewer: #2 no thanks # I don't {NS} 595: wouldn't care for any {NS} Interviewer: and food that's been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been? {NS} 595: reheated Interviewer: okay Did you ever hear of warmed up or had over? {NS} 595: uh-huh had-over Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I've heard that a many a time Interviewer: Would you say that #1 yourself? # 595: #2 no # I wouldn't {NS} Interviewer: you'd say 595: I'd say warmed over or reheated Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 595: chew {NS} Interviewer: and you'd say, he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 595: swallow {NS} Interviewer: he said he could chew it, but he couldn't {NS} what 595: Couldn't swallow? {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} um {NS} and um {NS} {NW} whiskey that's made out in the woods {NS} illegally you'd call that? 595: that would be moonshine {NW} Interviewer: any other name for that? {NS} 595: let's see now {NS} That's all I can think of. {NS} moonshine {NS} or it has been called briar patch Interviewer: briar patch? 595: uh-huh {NS} briar patch Interviewer: What about beer that people make at home? 595: {NW} home brew that's home brew {NS} Interviewer: and if someone was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just {NS} that 595: just smell that Interviewer: okay {NS} and you might tell someone this isn't imitation maple syrup this is {NS} gen- {NS} 595: would be genuine Interviewer: okay and when sugar wasn't sold in a package but when it was weighed out of a barrel you'd say it was sold 595: loose Interviewer: okay. Any other expression for that? {NS} 595: not that I know of huh-uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear of in bulk or in bulk? 595: oh yeah {NS} bulk Interviewer: uh-huh did that mean the same thing as loose? {NS} 595: I would think so. {NS} Interviewer: okay {NS} and a sweet spread that you would put on toast or biscuits in the morning 595: in the what? Interviewer: that you could put on toast or biscuits {NS} that'd be jam or 595: or jelly Interviewer: and something you have on your table to season your food with? {NS} 595: the salt and pepper Interviewer: and say if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one he'd tell {NS} 595: Well he'd say I want, I want one or can I have one? Interviewer: can or can I have? what? 595: an apple Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and {NS} You say it wasn't these boys that did that it must have been one of {NS} 595: one of those or one of the other Interviewer: okay and you say he doesn't live here, he lives 595: over there or lot of times we'd say over yonder Interviewer: okay {NS} and {NS} if you have a lot of peach trees you'd say you have a peach 595: orchard Interviewer: and you might have somebody that's his the orchard and you say no I'm just a neighbor and you'd point to someone else and say he's the man 595: that owns it Interviewer: okay and you say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child {NS} 595: well I believe I would say he would be better off than I am Interviewer: but talking about his father you'd say When I was a child, my father was poor but next door was a child 595: that was rich Interviewer: okay {NS} and {NS} something that um {NS} people 595: {NW} Interviewer: people um {NS} smoke made out of tobacco would be? 595: cigarettes and cigars Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} say if someone had a {NS} a really um say if you were eating some soup and it was really hot you'd say that soup's so hot it's all I can do to {NS} 595: {NW} Interviewer: It's all I can do to what? 595: to swallow it Interviewer: okay 595: {NW} Interviewer: and if someone asked you if you were able to do something you'd say well sure I {NS} do it sure I 595: can or will Interviewer: okay When they ask if you can do it you say, sure I {NS} 595: sure I can Interviewer: uh-huh or if you're not able to you'd say well I'd like to but I just 595: I'm just not able or I can't Interviewer: okay {NS} and if you just refuse to like they say will you do that and you say, no I 595: No I won't. Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} say there was a really bad accident up the road there wasn't any need to call the doctor because by the time you got there the person was {NS} 595: Well probably dead or {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: had been picked up Interviewer: Would you say he was done dead or already dead? {NS} 595: I believe I'd say he was already dead. Interviewer: uh-huh 595: or had died Interviewer: uh-huh You would never say done dead? 595: hmm-mm No I wouldn't. Interviewer: and you might tell someone um {NS} You're not doing what you {NS} 595: should Interviewer: or what you what to do? 595: could do Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} say if um {NS} If a boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 595: shouldn't have Interviewer: okay or say that another way uh you'd say I bet he did something he 595: had no business maybe Interviewer: uh-huh and you say {NS} you say if you think um {NS} the corn is a little short this year you'd say {NS} at this time of year it what {NS} to be taller it {NS} 595: Well it maybe it should be taller or {NS} Interviewer: or it what to be taller? {NS} you say it belongs to be taller or it ought to be taller or? {NS} 595: I would think it would shouldn't it should've been taller Interviewer: uh-huh well would you say it ought to be taller? or if you didn't use the word should {NS} 595: I probably would uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: How's that? 595: Well I'd probably say it ought to be taller. Interviewer: uh-huh and using that word you'd say, if someone got a whipping you'd say, I bet he did something he {NS} 595: ought not Interviewer: huh? 595: ought not {NS} Interviewer: okay 595: that {NS} that expression is used quite a bit Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and um {NS} say if you wanted to make a a hen start laying what might you put in her nest to fool her? {NS} 595: Well you can get I've seen glass eggs and um {NS} I've seen some uh {NS} little gourds that they call that they has been called nest egg gourds Interviewer: mm-hmm What about say if you had a really good set of dishes they'd probably be made out of? {NS} 595: china Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever see an egg made out of that? {NS} 595: I don't believe I have Interviewer: well what what would that be called? it wouldn't be a plastic egg it would be a {NS} 595: I reckon you would call it a china egg wouldn't you? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Where do you keep chickens? {NS} 595: mm they should be penned Interviewer: mm-hmm in a? 595: chicken yard Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a place for the mother hen and the little chicks? {NS} 595: They should be in a coop. Interviewer: mm-hmm What does that look like? {NS} 595: Just a little small like a small bird house Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} you know when you're {NS} a a hen on a nest of eggs is called a? {NS} 595: sitting {NS} Interviewer: hmm? 595: sitting hen Interviewer: mm-hmm when you're eating 595: or probably laying Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} When you're eating chicken the bone that goes like this {NS} 595: that's {NS} we call it the pulley bone Interviewer: uh-huh are there any stories about that? {NS} 595: Not that I know of. Interviewer: not even the 595: oh yes it is the they called it some called it the wish bone Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and um two will break it apart {NS} and {NS} and they say that um whoever gets the biggest part will be the one to get married first Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: huh? {NS} Interviewer: Nick have you heard of it? {NS} 595: either way {NS} it's it's their difference of opinion {NS} {D: it's yours are} Interviewer: {NW} 595: If you say so {NW} Interviewer: Say um if you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth they were getting hungry you'd say you have to go? feed the {NS} 595: stock Interviewer: okay What if you're talking about hens and turkeys and geese and so forth you'd say you have to go feed the? 595: foul I'd I'd say {NS} Interviewer: um and it's time to feed the stock and do your chores you'd say it was? {NS} 595: Now repeat that Interviewer: If it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you'd say that it was {NS} 595: Time to get the work done I reckon Interviewer: uh-huh Would you call that fodder time or chore time or feeding time? 595: We'd we call it feeding time. Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: time to go feed {NS} Interviewer: um and you say before um {NS} you could hitch a horse {NS} to a buggy you have to {NS} 595: put the harness on it Interviewer: okay {NS} and um kinds of {NS} the kind of animal that barks would be called a 595: dog {NS} Interviewer: and if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him? 595: I'd tell him to get him or sic' him {NW} Interviewer: okay 595: {NW} Interviewer: What different kinds of dogs are there? {NS} 595: oh there's many kinds {NS} you mean breeds? Interviewer: Well not breeds exactly but just like what would you call a little {NS} noisy dog? {NS} 595: I'd I believe I'd call him a little house dog Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and a yard dog for the larger ones Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} did you ever hear of a feist? {NS} 595: yes I have. {NS} that little red thing out there is one Interviewer: is a? 595: feist Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What else what other kinds besides feist are there? {NS} 595: hounds {NS} chihuahuas {NS} beagles bulldogs Interviewer: are there different kinds of hounds? {NS} 595: Well I would seem to think that that all hounds would run about the same thing Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What would you call a just a mixed breed dog if you didn't know what kind he was? 595: They would just be a cur to me Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a a worthless dog? {NS} 595: Well I'm I don't know what you'd call him {NS} Interviewer: just a dog is just 595: just just dog is I all I'd say Interviewer: okay 595: just a dog Interviewer: and say if you had a real mean dog you might tell someone you better be careful that dog will 595: bite tell her he's a bad dog Interviewer: and yesterday that dog 595: bit {NS} he bit someone Interviewer: and the person had to go to the doctor after he got {NS} 595: after he got bit Interviewer: okay do you ever say after he got dog bit? {NS} 595: I imagine I have used that expression sometimes Interviewer: How how would you use it? {NS} 595: uh say he {NW} he got bit I reckon {NS} Interviewer: You wouldn't say dog bit? {NS} 595: mm-hmm I probably would say he was dog bit Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: but it wouldn't be right Interviewer: uh-huh 595: be bitten {NS} the dog bit him. {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} and the kind of animals that you plow with would be called {NS} 595: mules Interviewer: and two of those hitched together would be a? {NS} 595: We call those a double team. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} how many is in a double team? 595: two Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: here {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um {NS} the kind of animal that you milk? {NS} that would be a cow {NS} What do you call the male? {NS} 595: a bull {NS} Interviewer: Is that word nice to use or? {NS} 595: I don't know we always said bull Interviewer: uh-huh no other expressions that 595: Well we'd call them a papa cow Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: {NW} Interviewer: What about the little one when it's first born? that's a? {NS} 595: Well the females would be a a heifer calf and uh male we'd call them a bull calf Interviewer: okay {NS} And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you would say she was going to {NS} 595: Oh let me see now {NS} We would always say that she'd soon drop the calf Interviewer: okay {NS} and the animals um {NS} other animals besides mules that you'd {NS} have {NS} 595: well if it was a mare we'd say she was going to have a colt Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and Interviewer: a mare is a? {NS} 595: female Interviewer: female? 595: horse Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} You'd say everyone around here likes to what horses? 595: ride Interviewer: and yesterday he {NS} 595: he rode his horse Interviewer: but I have never 595: ridden {NS} Interviewer: um What do you call the male horse? {NS} 595: Well um {NS} the male is a stallion Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} any other names for him? 595: Well if he's been castrated I reckon you'd call him just a horse Interviewer: uh-huh Is there any other do people say castrated or do they use another expression? 595: Well they sometimes {NS} they say they mark them Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um say if you were riding a horse and you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell 595: off {NS} Interviewer: say the whole thing, I fell 595: I fell off {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: or I fell off the horse Interviewer: and say if a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I guess I must have? 595: fallen out of the bed Interviewer: okay {NS} and the things that they put on the horses feet are called? 595: horseshoes {NS} Interviewer: and Do you ever see a game played with those? 595: uh-huh but I never did play Interviewer: Did you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 595: uh-huh sure have Interviewer: do you remember what it was called? {NS} 595: no {NS} I don't {NS} Interviewer: What about the parts of the horse's feet that they put the shoes on? 595: that's the hooves {NW} Interviewer: so you'd take the horse and then you'd {NS} nail the shoe to his 595: hooves Interviewer: or just one {NS} 595: hoof Interviewer: okay {NS} What do people raise sheep for? {NS} 595: mutton and wool Interviewer: mm-hmm What do they call the female sheep? 595: an ewe Interviewer: okay what about the male? 595: a ram I think {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} 595: Am I right? Interviewer: yeah that's 595: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 595: {NS} The male goat they call him a billy goat yeah Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I'm right I'm right {NW} yeah they're rams Aux: {NS} Interviewer: um 595: {D: he comes and goes} {NS} Interviewer: and the {NS} the kinds of um animals that you get pork from those are? 595: shh {NS} pigs and hogs Interviewer: uh-huh when they're first born you call them? 595: piglets Interviewer: okay and then when they get a little older they are? {NS} 595: Well some calls them shoats Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and if they're female they're? 595: sows Interviewer: if they never had pigs they're? {NS} let me see now {NW} aw shoot I {NW} can't think of what they're called but I do know Aux: {NW} oh Interviewer: what about? 595: gilt Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about the male? Aux: {NW} {NS} 595: Well now I don't think I know about that Aux: {NW} Interviewer: What do they call the male {X} {NS} 595: oh yeah boar Interviewer: uh-huh and any other name for him? {NS} 595: I don't think so Interviewer: or is is 595: {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: or there's Interviewer: um what if he's been castrated? Aux: {X} 595: uh I think they call those bearers Interviewer: uh-huh 595: bearers I believe {NS} Interviewer: and the {NS} the Aux: {NW} Interviewer: The stiff hairs that a hog has on his back? {NS} 595: Now I don't know what they call that Interviewer: #1 gonna get # 595: #2 {X} # Interviewer: angry at when it comes up {NS} and {NS} 595: I don't know what they call that. {NS} We'd always say raises his hair on his back Interviewer: uh-huh Well what about you know on a hair brush {NS} 595: oh bristles bristles bristles Interviewer: and the big teeth that a hog has {NS} 595: uh we call those tushes Interviewer: and the thing you put the food in for the hog would be a 595: a hog trough or a feed trough Interviewer: okay and if you had three or four of those you'd say I have three or four? 595: Troughs I reckon {NW} Interviewer: What would you call a hog that's grown up wild? {NS} 595: I believe we'd call those wild boars Interviewer: okay What about the kind that grows up in the woods and {NS} it's got a long snout and kind of skinny {NS} did you ever see 595: well I yes I've seen some and uh and I've heard them called razor backs Interviewer: okay {NS} um {NS} And a noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? you'd say the calf began to? {NS} 595: Blate I guess Interviewer: What about the noise that a cow makes when she wants her calf? 595: she lowes Interviewer: okay and when she's hungry? {NS} 595: I believe she'd still lowe Interviewer: uh-huh What about the noise that a horse makes? {NS} 595: They whinny Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} How do you call cows to get them in out of the pasture? {NS} 595: Well we don't have any certain way we just go to the pasture {NS} holler call one of them by name and just say come on here and then they {NS} when they hear it they come running Interviewer: You never heard of a special way? {NS} of calling them? {NS} 595: Well some folks will get out and they'll holler "soo cow" Interviewer: How do they holler it? 595: oh just {NS} have them raise their voice or a shrill voice Interviewer: can you do that? 595: huh-uh {NS} I never have called a cow Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: I just tell them to come on here and they'll come Interviewer: How do they call the calf? have you ever heard? 595: huh-uh {NS} no {NS} Interviewer: What about um what you say to a cow to get her to stand still while you're milking her? 595: Well then you say {D:sow} cow {NW} Interviewer: okay 595: What's the difference? um I mean uh why use that expression "sow cow"? Interviewer: {NW} How do you get her to move her leg back? {NS} 595: um put your hand on her hip bone I used to milk a cow. I put my hand on her hip bone and tell her to back her leg and give her a little gentle push and tell her to back her leg and she'd kind of step it back a little Interviewer: mm-hmm um {NS} What do you say to a horse to get her started? you tell them? 595: Tell them to get up or get up here Interviewer: okay What about to stop him? 595: Tell him to whoa Interviewer: And to back him into a buggy? {NS} 595: I don't know I I never Interviewer: or to make him go back 595: I'd tell him to back up Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: or back up here or get in there Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about um to make them turn left or right? {NS} 595: Uh I think you tell him to gee to go right and haw left Interviewer: uh-huh How do you call a horse in out of the pasture? any special way? 595: uh oh we don't have any special way we just call them by name Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: We we just had one at the time Interviewer: uh-huh What about sheep? is there a special way to call sheep? {NS} 595: I don't know I never had any experience with sheep Interviewer: mm-hmm What about hogs? {NS} 595: We just call him piggy piggy and here he'd come Interviewer: {NW} do it call it 595: piggy piggy piggy Interviewer: uh-huh 595: {NW} Interviewer: What about chickens? {NS} 595: Well we never did have to call ours well we'd call chick chick chick here they come {NS} Interviewer: um 595: they always usually be around waiting on their feed Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and the inside part of a cherry the part that you don't eat you call that the? 595: the pit or some people say they calls it a pip Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and we called uh pit and a seed Interviewer: mm-hmm that's the same thing? 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: #1 What about # 595: #2 I # I guess it is Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: the seed or the pit Interviewer: What about in a peach? {NS} 595: We always called it a peach seed too Interviewer: What about the part inside the seed? {NS} 595: Well I would call that a kernel I believe Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} You know there's one kind of peach that you have to cut the seed out of {NS} 595: Yeah but I don't know what kind you'd {NS} call that {NS} Interviewer: Do you know what I mean? 595: Yeah I know what you mean uh-huh {NS} but I don't know what you'd call that one well now {NS} there's another there's some that you can break those open and the seed comes right out Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: That's a cling free I think that's what they call that Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} do you know the 595: I don't know I don't know what they call those. {NS} Interviewer: What about um the part of the apple that you don't eat? 595: That's the core. Interviewer: okay and when you cut up apples and dry them you say you're making? {NS} 595: Well dried apples is all I would know Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: I {NS} I've seen very few dried apples. Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: I mean I don't know what they {NS} would call them other than dried apples Interviewer: never heard of schnitz did you? 595: huh-uh sure hadn't Interviewer: What kinds of nuts do they have around here? {NS} 595: Well we call them pecans and some people call them pecans Interviewer: uh-huh 595: or pecans {NS} that's {NS} Well we have hickory nuts but {NS} very few people eat those Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: but I like the flavor of them and walnuts Interviewer: uh-huh You know that walnut has got two coverings to it? {NS} 595: uh-huh Interviewer: What do you call the soft outer one that you can 595: I don't know what you call that Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: but all that comes off I Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and {NS} Interviewer: What about 595: it gets down to the actual hull Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um what about a kind of nut that shaped kind of like your eye {NS} 595: I don't know what that would be Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} did you ever hear of almond or almond? 595: almond almond uh-huh yeah Interviewer: What do you call those? 595: We just call them nuts Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um {NS} they kind of {NS} you'd say the skin of that {NS} um if well say you leave an apple or a plum lying around it'll dry up and {NS} do what or get smaller you'll say it'll dry up and? {NS} 595: I don't know what you'd call that I {NS} {X} Interviewer: bacon when you put it in a when you cook bacon it {NS} 595: uh it's cured isn't it? Interviewer: Well it gets smaller you'd say that it 595: shrinks Interviewer: okay and um {NS} 595: {NW} Interviewer: fruit that grows down in Florida {NS} 595: oranges Interviewer: okay say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are {NS} 595: I'd say they were all gone Interviewer: okay what sort of things do you have um you grow in a garden {NS} 595: you want just different kinds or {NS} {X} {NS} butter beans and then string beans {NS} Interviewer: Is there another name for string beans? 595: Uh snap beans Interviewer: uh-huh What about green beans? 595: Well that's they're the same thing uh-huh Interviewer: uh-huh 595: green beans string beans snap beans Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: then uh Interviewer: Is there another name for butter peas? {NS} 595: limas {NS} lima beans Interviewer: That's all the same? 595: uh-huh {NS} and uh they have these uh Florida speckled but they are they are still butter beans Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: Florida speckled butter beans is what they are but they they're all in the butter bean family Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} {X} 595: and um {NS} we always have some green onions Interviewer: What's green onions? 595: radish and uh well um {NS} they don't get real big not the big ones they just small ones Interviewer: They don't get big like the big? 595: huh-uh {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: and we have some Interviewer: #1 {X} # 595: #2 multiplying # Interviewer: {NS} multiplying? 595: onions Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: put one at a time when you set them out put one out at the time {NS} when the time comes be just big bunches of it Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and then mustard, turnips, radishes carrots {NS} squash {NS} Interviewer: Are there different kinds of squash? 595: mm-hmm {NS} um {NS} I don't know if I can say one they the zucchini I guess that's the way you say it Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and we have a variety of white squash and the yellow {NS} summer crookneck Interviewer: What does the white squash look like? {NS} 595: It looks kind of like a powder puff Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: it's uh it's got the edges around it Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: um What about something that it's red it grows up on the um vine 595: tomato Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: shut shut the door Interviewer: What about the ones that don't get any bigger than this? 595: Well now a lot of people calls them the little tummy toes and some calls them the plum tomato Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about um We'll say along with your meat you might have a baked 595: potato {NS} Interviewer: okay Are there different kinds of potatoes? {NS} 595: Well yeah don't sit there uh We have the red {NS} I think the red potatoes are the regular sweet potatoes and the white ones are called the yams {NS} Interviewer: The white ones are called the yams? 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: It's not a sweet potato then? {NS} 595: uh well they of the same family Interviewer: the yams 595: but they just have different names {NS} Interviewer: #1 what? # 595: #2 the yams # are the white ones Interviewer: They are white sweet potatoes? 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What about um there's sweet potatoes and then there's? {NS} 595: and the yams Interviewer: uh-huh What about the kind of um potato that you like to have along with meat? you might have {NS} the kind of potato that you have is a baked potato {NS} 595: Well um we bake Irish potatoes sometimes Interviewer: mm-hmm that's not the same as the yam? 595: huh-uh no Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about something that's um green and {NS} um {NS} grows up sort of well on a bush or vine sort of {NS} it's kind of bristly on the outside and sticky inside you could use it in a soup {NS} 595: I don't know Interviewer: {X} 595: okra Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: some people calls it okra and some calls it okra Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: but I say okra Interviewer: okay {NS} and you say you take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a medicine {NS} 595: call them greens mess of turnips Interviewer: What other kinds of greens do you have besides turnips? 595: mustard kale {NS} and oh there's uh rape and a collard {NS} Interviewer: There's a rape? {NS} 595: rape uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What's that like? {NS} 595: {NW} It's something oh I believe I would be safe to say it was a {NS} kin to the collard family Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: only it the rape doesn't get as high as a collard will Interviewer: mm-hmm what about poke? 595: poke yeah that's poke greens is good too {NW} of course there's cabbage Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} tell me about um the cabbage {NS} say if you s- um saw some you'd say these I like these {NS} you saw maybe three or four of them, you'd say I like these 595: I think I would say that they're still say they were cabbage Interviewer: uh-huh 595: some would say probably cabbages Interviewer: uh-huh or you'd say these cabbage {NS} What very many of these cabbage? 595: Well some aren't very big and Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: some are small Interviewer: What if um if you were talking about lettuce you'd ask someone to buy me maybe three {NS} 595: I'd say three heads of lettuce. Interviewer: okay Would you ever use that word heads talking about children? you say you have five 595: huh-uh I wouldn't {NS} Interviewer: okay I'd say I had five children. 595: uh-huh What if someone had about fourteen children? You'd say he really had a? {NS} had a lot of children. I wouldn't say no heads. Interviewer: uh-huh do you ever say passel {NS} 595: #1 huh-uh # Interviewer: #2 a passel of children # 595: huh-uh {NS} Interviewer: um and if you want to get the beans out of the pods by hand you say you have to? 595: {NS} shell Interviewer: okay and the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off of the cob is called? {NS} 595: corn on the cob Interviewer: Okay, any other name for that? {NS} 595: I wouldn't I don't think so unless it would be boiled corn but that would be the same thing it would still be on the cob Interviewer: Do you ever hear of roast {NS} roasting ears? 595: yeah uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What's that? 595: that that would still be the same thing Interviewer: uh-huh 595: to me it would Interviewer: You'd call that 595: corn on the cob Interviewer: or 595: roasting ears Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} And the outside of the ear of corn is called the? 595: Shuck {NS} Interviewer: and the stringy stuff that comes off? 595: corn silk Interviewer: and the thing that grows at the top of the corn stalk? {NS} 595: the stalk tassel Interviewer: okay 595: {NW} Interviewer: This is um something you can make pie out of at thanksgiving {NS} it's a large 595: pumpkin Interviewer: okay {NS} this is a little umbrella shaped thing that grows in the woods or fields after it rains {NS} 595: mushroom Interviewer: Any other name for that? {NS} 595: toad stool I believe it is isn't it? Interviewer: okay {NS} What kinds of melons do you have around here? {NS} 595: Well the watermelon Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and the cantaloupes now some people calls them {NS} a muskmelon Interviewer: mm-hmm it's the same thing? cantaloupes 595: cantaloupes uh-huh {NS} They're I believe I think they are because I they both have the same flavor and Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and there's some banana melons {NS} now they have a flavor like a banana {NS} Interviewer: hmm 595: #1 they're they're # Interviewer: #2 What do they look like? # 595: they'll grow long about like that Interviewer: about eight ten inches? 595: uh I imagine so Interviewer: uh-huh 595: They'd be about that big around Interviewer: about four or five so inches {NS} wide 595: uh-huh {NS} yeah {NW} but they have the flavor of a banana Interviewer: What color are they? 595: They are yellow just like the cantaloupes are. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What different kinds of watermelons are there? {NS} 595: Oh I don't know just um {NS} you mean the color or the names of them? Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: Well some some are solid green and some are lighter green with little {NS} dark green streaks running through them I don't know what they called them. {NS} some are striped Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: but I wouldn't know what the names of them are. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} um {NS} say if I ask you if you'll be able to do something you say well {NS} I'm not sure but I {NS} I might {NS} 595: I think I'd say I would try Interviewer: uh-huh or you say I might 595: could {NS} Interviewer: What's that? 595: I might could. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Say if you were doing something that was hard work you were doing it all by yourself and friend was just standing around watching you without helping {NS} when you get through you tell him, you know instead of just watching me you know you might {NS} 595: help might try helped Interviewer: okay {NS} or you you've already finished you'd say you might {NS} you finished working so you say you might have 595: might have helped Interviewer: okay {NS} And the kind of bird that can see in the dark? {NS} 595: That's the owl Interviewer: okay What do you call the little one? {NS} 595: Owlets I believe is Interviewer: #1 well # 595: #2 what they # call them Interviewer: I mean the little kind of owl {NS} 595: Oh screech owl and there are barn owls {NS} Interviewer: What about the big one? {NS} 595: We always called them hoot owls {NW} Interviewer: it's What's a barn owl? {NS} 595: Well they uh now I don't know but they say I've heard that they stay around the barns or close by at night and catch rats Interviewer: How does that differ from the hoot owl? 595: I don't know. Interviewer: uh-huh 595: na- unless it's just the size of 'em the barn owls are not as big as {NS} the hoot owl Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and a kind of black and white animal that has a real strong smell {NS} 595: Well {NS} we call them pole cats and skunks. Interviewer: uh-huh Is that the same thing? {NS} 595: I imagine so Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} say some animals have been coming and getting your hens what general name for would you have for an animal like that? {NS} 595: Uh I'd think you'd call that a fox Interviewer: uh-huh Well you don't know if it's a fox or coon or possum you just 595: We just call them a varmit Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} kind of bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees {NS} 595: um wouldn't that be a raccoon? Interviewer: or a 595: we call him a coon Interviewer: or something else you were telling me about in the kitchen {NS} 595: oh Lord what did I say Interviewer: a little thing {NS} 595: what did I say? {NS} What did I say Belinda? {NS} uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: that {NS} the little thing you can {NS} you said you shot several of them 595: oh squirrels {NW} Interviewer: uh-huh 595: a squirrel shoot yeah. I would shoot a squirrel any day. {NS} Interviewer: What different kinds are there? {NS} 595: Well um some calls them red squirrels Interviewer: mm-hmm {NW} 595: We always called them a fox squirrel and another gray squirrel Interviewer: The gray squirrels smaller? 595: smaller. yeah the gray squirrels are smaller and Interviewer: uh-huh 595: and some people calls them gray squirrels which I do Interviewer: uh-huh 595: and some calls them cat squirrels Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about something kind of like the squirrel only it can't looks like it's got little stripes down it's back {NS} 595: #1 Well that is, that's a chipmunk I think. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Can it climb trees? 595: oh yeah {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a big squirrel called a boomer? {NS} 595: no I sure haven't Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a kind of um bird that drills holes in trees? {NS} 595: That's a woodpecker. some called them a peckerwood and some called them woodpeckers Interviewer: Any other name for woodpecker? {NS} 595: Well now there's different varieties {NS} some striped, we always called them sapsuckers. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What about the big one? {NS} 595: Well now I have heard those called a woodcock Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} those big ones? 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: Have you ever heard that word "peckerwood" used to talk about people? 595: Yes, I have {NS} Interviewer: How would people say that? {NW} 595: If they was going to make the remark they'd say, well you peckerwood or you woodpecker. {NW} Interviewer: Would that be would that make the other person mad then? 595: huh-uh sure wouldn't Interviewer: It'd just be teasing? 595: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: what different kinds of fish do you have around here? {NS} 595: Well we have the blue cat Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and the yellow cat {NS} 595: {NS} White perch, bass brim {NS} striped bass {NS} and several more that I couldn't call their name because they're French {NS} the French gave them that funny name or that's what they called it but they could be a our same kind of fish and they called it a different name in French Interviewer: mm-hmm do Do people refer to them by their French names? 595: Once in a while they will Interviewer: Do you remember what any of those names are? 595: um {NS} the white perch {NS} I have heard them them called a sac au lait {NS} now what it means I don't know. Interviewer: uh-huh any other names besides sac au lait? {NS} 595: not that I know of. Interviewer: Are there any other French names you could think of? 595: huh-uh Interviewer: hmm that's interesting. um What about a small fish you could use {NW} say what {NS} What about a small fish you could use for bait? 595: Well we call those minnows Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something you could dig up to go fishing with? {NS} 595: the earth worm Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and grubs {NS} and we have trees. I've got some trees down here that {NS} during the summer they have a worms on them Interviewer: What kind of worms? 595: a Catalpa worm Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I imagine you've heard of those Interviewer: there not many in Georgia that I know of 595: There's not? I've got some {NS} out there in a freezer in a pint jar in some mead {NS} Interviewer: The worms? 595: mm-hmm Interviewer: What for? 595: fish fish bait {NW} fish bait {NS} the catfish will bite the socks off of those things. {NS} and those little old naked trees down there {NS} usually when we have a good crop every year they they'll start on their fourth crop. They'll eat those leaves off the trees and when they get grown they'll drop off Interviewer: uh-huh 595: they {NS} the worms when they get grown they'll drop off. They say they go in the grounds {NS} and when the leaves comes back on the trees we'll {NS} we'll have another crop Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: and that little bitty things. But it doesn't take but just a few days for those things to get up there moving up the fish some of them will get that long Interviewer: As long as your finger? 595: uh-huh got big old long things and they'll be big around as your little finger Interviewer: hmm 595: and the catfish will eat the socks off of those things {NS} Interviewer: What sort of things do they get from the um salt water {NS} 595: {NW} What do you mean? {NS} live? Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: well salt water Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: well just salt water fish is all I know Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something that um they go out and {NS} in these boats and drag nets {NS} get these things #1 little white # 595: #2 shrimp # Interviewer: uh-huh Say if you wanted some of those you'd ask for two or three pounds of 595: shrimp {NW} I say shrimp Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: but I've heard people ask for shrimps. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: I don't I don't know whether I'm wrong or they're wrong but usually it's me {NW} but I'd say Well let me have five pounds of shrimp. Interviewer: uh-huh 595: Which I'm probably wrong but I say shrimp Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 595: and the others say shrimps Interviewer: Who says shrimps? old people or? 595: older people Interviewer: uh-huh What about um something that pearls grow in {NS} 595: uh oysters Interviewer: okay {NS} this is something I'm you might find {NS} if you picked up a rock in a stream it has claws on it and you touch it it'll swim away backwards 595: We call those things crawfish and some calls them crayfish Interviewer: uh-huh 595: but I imagine they're the same thing Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um something you might hear making a noise around a lake at night? {NS} 595: bull frogs and toad frogs {NS} Interviewer: Where do toad frogs stay? on land or in water? 595: in th- on land Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the little one that comes out after storms? {NS} 595: Well um We have two or three varieties of those well some calls them spring frogs and some tree frogs Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you call them? {NS} 595: Well sometimes I call them either one just whichever comes to mind first Interviewer: What about a a hard shell thing that can pull it's neck and legs into a shell? 595: a turtle and a well a turtle won't be too quick to do it because I don't think he can but I think what you're talking about are terrapins Interviewer: mm-hmm Where does a terrapin stay? 595: I think he's mostly a {NS} dry land fellow Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} um what about the turtle? {NS} 595: Well the turtles'll {NS} they will go in water they're {NS} they are land and water {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and now if you class him as an animal Interviewer: mm-hmm anything else besides a turtle and a terrapin? {NS} 595: Well there's a tortoise but I don't know whether we have any of those here or not Interviewer: What's a tortoise? 595: he looks kinda like a {NS} well either one Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 595: a terrapin or a turtle {NS} I don't know whether he can close himself up in his shell or not Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you have something around here called a cooter? or 595: cooter Interviewer: gopher {NS} 595: I don't think so Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: If we have we may have and I've never seen one Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} uh you'd say that the kind of insect that flies around the light and tries to fly into the light {NS} like if you if it was at night and you left the porch light on {NS} you see these 595: We always called them light bugs Interviewer: okay 595: or moths {NS} Interviewer: #1 Do they # 595: #2 there's all sizes of them # Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about something that'll get in your wool clothes and eat holes in them 595: uh the moths they'll eat them up Interviewer: Well you'd call that a 595: moth Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Something that flies around and has a little light in it's tail. {NS} 595: We call them lightning bugs Interviewer: okay What about something that {NS} This little red thing you'll get in your skin if you go blackberry picking. {NS} 595: a briar Interviewer: an insect though 595: oh some people calls them chiggers and some calls them red bugs Interviewer: What would you say? 595: I call them red bugs Interviewer: uh-huh and something that um hops around in the grass {NS} 595: grasshoppers or Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} Did you ever heard those called hopper grass? 595: uh-huh {NS} they just say it say it backwards instead of a grasshopper Interviewer: they say? {NS} 595: they say hopper grass Interviewer: uh-huh Who says hopper grass? {NS} 595: well several will use that expression just running on their foolishness Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: I've heard the expression at least {NS} Interviewer: What about something that um flies around at night and bites you and makes you itch? {NS} 595: mosquitoes Interviewer: okay this is something that um {NS} you see around damp places maybe around a lake or stream {NS} it's got four shiny wings on it two pairs of wings and it's got a long thin beak some people say that if you see one of these it's a sign that snakes are near {NS} 595: I don't know what you'd call that. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of something um {NS} called a snake doctor or a mosquito hawk 595: uh-huh yeah Interviewer: what 595: a mosquito hawk and a snake doctor too I've heard the expression {NS} lots of times Interviewer: are they the same thing? {NS} 595: {NW} Well they could be but there's different colors of them here Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and some larger than others {NS} Interviewer: is the the snake doctor or mosquito hawk is one of them larger than the other? 595: I think the mosquito hawk that we have here is larger than the snake doctor Interviewer: What does a mosquito hawk look like? 595: Well they're different colors at least their wings are and well some of the bodies are too um a bluish color and some are a grayish color Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and then the edge and around their wings is a it can be black or a little pink tint Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the snake doctor? 595: well he's not as big or those that are here are not as big as the mosquito hawk his body is blue Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: with a black trim Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What kinds or insects will sting you? {NS} 595: Well a honey bee and a wasp and a hornet Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: yellow jacket {NS} Interviewer: Where does a yellow jacket build his nest? 595: in the ground Interviewer: uh-huh uh you mentioned that wasp how many of those would you see in one nest usually? 595: oh gracious heavens {NS} some of them nests gets real big {NW} I it has never dawned on me to {NS} really estimate the {NS} number of {NS} cells in the nest Interviewer: uh-huh 595: you better to turn that off Interviewer: say maybe they'll be thirty 595: or more Interviewer: what? 595: uh cells in the Interviewer: #1 or {X} # 595: #2 wasp eggs # Interviewer: they'll be thirty of what? 595: oh it won't be that many maybe twenty five or thirty Interviewer: thirty? 595: maybe that many Interviewer: of? twenty five or thirty {NS} what? 595: #1 wasps. young wasps but that they have worms in them we call them worm # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NS} um say if you had a uh something similar to a wasp that builds a nest made out of mud or dirt {NS} 595: that's a dirt dauber Interviewer: okay do they sting? 595: uh-huh they sure do Interviewer: What about um say if you haven't cleaned a room in a while of the ceiling in a in the corner you might find a? 595: dirt dauber nest Interviewer: or something that stretches from one stretches across the corner {NS} 595: Well a dirt dauber will build a nest with uh several Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: cells Interviewer: Well I I don't mean that um something real light that stretches from one corner to the other {NS} 595: then would it be a spider web? Interviewer: okay and something like that outside across a bush you'd call that a {NS} 595: um I think that would be one too Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: #1 call that a web? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh-huh {NS} and um parts of the tree that grow under the ground are called a 595: the roots Interviewer: Did you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? {NS} 595: Well um sassafras Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: They dig the roots of that and make a tea with it Interviewer: uh-huh anything else? 595: That's all that I know of. Interviewer: uh-huh What about the kind of tree that they tap for syrup? Do you know what that's called? 595: um sugar maples I think Interviewer: uh-huh What if you had a group of those growing together you'd call that a? {NS} 595: I don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: Well what kind of trees do you have around here? {NS} 595: Oh there's lots of 'em oak, pines, cedar {NS} pecan Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: hickory ash just just lots of them Interviewer: What about a kind of tree that has long white um limbs and has white scaly bark {NS} and little {X} 595: oh That would be a sycamore wouldn't it? Interviewer: okay and um 595: I think that's what it is {NS} Interviewer: Do you have a a bush or shrub around here that the leaves turn bright red in the fall it's got berries on it? {NS} 595: no I don't have that kind I've got a red maple but it's right small amount Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: but that's all the shrubbery that I've got except that cape jasmine out there Interviewer: mm-hmm Well do you have something around here sumac or shumac? {NS} 595: Well now we have some that they're called a shumac Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: but they don't get very big Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What does um what's that look like? {NS} 595: well they uh trunk of it would be {NS} I think would be kind of slick with little bubble like spots on it Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and uh the leaves are green in the summer but they turn a dark red in the winter. Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: or in in the fall they are pretty {NS} Interviewer: What about uh Do you have a a shrub or bush around here called a laurel or rhododendron? #1 or mountain laurel # 595: #2 uh no # um I don't have any but they could be some around here that does have Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} the state tree of Mississippi? that's the 595: That's the magnolia. Interviewer: okay {NS} and the kind of tree that George Washington cut down 595: the cherry tree Interviewer: mm-hmm what kinds of um berries do you have? {NS} 595: Well we have the dewberries and the blackberries Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a kind of red berry? {NS} 595: the strawberry Interviewer: uh-huh the one that it has a rough surface some of them are red and some of them are black {NS} 595: uh I don't know unless it's the blackberry Interviewer: what about red? 595: the raspberry? Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I don't think we have any around here if we have I've not seen any Interviewer: mm-hmm say if you saw some berries and didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those they might be 595: they may be poison Interviewer: okay What kinds of bushes or vines will make your skin break out if you touch them? 595: Well poison ivy and poison oak I don't know what the difference is Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} and um {NS} say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say I have to ask {NS} 595: Well I'd rather believe she'd ask her husband she'd have to ask her husband Interviewer: okay and he would have to say I have to ask {NS} 595: usually he'd tell me make up my own mind Interviewer: well he would 595: #1 he would say referring to her # Interviewer: #2 I don't know who he'd be # or he would say I have to ask {NS} 595: I don't know that Interviewer: if he's talking about her he'd say this is my this is {NS} 595: if I ask him Interviewer: well no say if a married man um {NS} didn't want to decide something for himself he might ask he'd say I'd have to ask {NS} 595: somebody Interviewer: Well talking about the woman he's married to he'd say I have to ask 595: oh he'd have to ask his wife Interviewer: uh-huh any joking ways they'd refer to each other? {NS} 595: any joking ways? Interviewer: mm-hmm besides saying my husband or my wife 595: well I call him pop sometimes Interviewer: okay And a woman whose husband is dead is called a 595: widow Interviewer: and if her husband just left her she'd be a {NS} 595: If she was divorced I'd reckon she'd be a divorcee Interviewer: okay did you ever hear of grass widow? 595: uh-huh but I don't know just really what it means Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} the man whose child you are is called your {NS} 595: father Interviewer: okay and his wife is your 595: mother Interviewer: and together they're your 595: parents Interviewer: What did you call your mother and father? {NS} 595: mine? Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: mother and daddy Interviewer: anything else people call their mother and father? 595: mama and papa Interviewer: okay and your father's father is your? 595: grandfather Interviewer: and his wife is your 595: grandmother Interviewer: What did you call them? or what do people call their grandmother and grandfather 595: grandma and grandpa Interviewer: okay and if you had two children you might have a son and a 595: daughter Interviewer: or a boy and a {NS} 595: girl Interviewer: and something on wheels that you can put a baby in and it'll lie down {NS} 595: carriage I reckon Interviewer: okay and you put the baby in a carriage and go out and what the baby 595: stroll Interviewer: okay and uh {NS} if a woman was going to have a child you'd say that she's 595: pregnant {NS} Interviewer: Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 595: no it sure wasn't Interviewer: what would people say? 595: expecting Interviewer: okay any joking way or any funny expressions? 595: huh-uh I re- I don't guess Interviewer: uh-huh 595: I don't remember any {NS} Interviewer: um if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you might send for would be a 595: the a midwife Interviewer: and a child that's born to a woman that's not married is called a 595: must I say it? Interviewer: huh? 595: must I say it? Interviewer: oh go ahead 595: a bastard Interviewer: uh-huh any other any other expressions besides bastard? 595: Illegitimate I guess Interviewer: uh-huh 595: is what it would be Interviewer: Did you ever hear of woods colt or? grass colt or Sunday baby? 595: huh-uh Interviewer: um {NS} you'd say um she had a hard life her husband died and she what six children all alone 595: was left with six children Interviewer: and then she {NS} she took care of them until they're grown up you'd say she 595: she raised them Interviewer: uh-huh and if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has and the same shaped nose you'd say that he {NS} what his father? {NS} 595: favored his father Interviewer: okay What if he has the same mannerisms and behavior? {NS} 595: Well I guess that would be the same thing wouldn't it? Interviewer: okay And if Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob what a lot in one year? 595: grew a lot Interviewer: and you'd tell him, you certainly have 595: grown Interviewer: and Bob came up so fast you could almost see him {NS} 595: grow Interviewer: okay And if a child was misbehaving if you do that again you're gonna get a 595: spanking Interviewer: anything else you'd say to him? {NS} Would you say spanking to an older child? {NS} 595: I don't I wouldn't think so Interviewer: What what would they probably say? 595: um {NS} punishment punish him another way maybe make him stand in the Interviewer: #1 okay # 595: #2 closet # Interviewer: um your brother's son would be called your {NS} 595: nephew Interviewer: and a child that's lost both parents would be a 595: orphan Interviewer: and the person appointed to look after the orphan 595: would be their guardian Interviewer: and if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my 595: kin Interviewer: okay any anything else you'd say? {NS} 595: or relatives Interviewer: okay you say well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no 595: not any kin Interviewer: mm-kay and somebody who comes into town and nobody has ever seen him before he'd be a 595: a stranger Interviewer: and um what if he came from a different country? {NS} 595: I believe that would be an alien Interviewer: okay {NS} would you ever use um the word alien to talk about someone who didn't come from another country? {NS} 595: I don't know I don't know how I would say that Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} a woman who conducts school would be called a 595: a teacher Interviewer: and these are some names of the name of the mother of Jesus? 595: Mary Interviewer: and George Washington's wife? 595: Martha Interviewer: And do you remember the song, Wait Until the Sun Shines? 595: uh-huh Interviewer: what was the name of that? 595: Nelly {NW} Interviewer: and {NS} um {NS} the first book of the New Testament? {NS} 595: Matthew {NW} Interviewer: and the name of the wife of Abraham {NS} 595: I think that was Sarah. Interviewer: okay and um {NS} A boy named Bill whose full name would be? 595: William Interviewer: And if your father had a brother by that full name you'd call him? 595: Junior Interviewer: He's your father's brother 595: oh uncle Interviewer: uncle what? 595: Uncle William Interviewer: okay And the fourth book in the New Testament 595: John Interviewer: And if your father had a brother by that name he'd be {NS} 595: Uncle John Interviewer: and Do you remember what they used to call a barrel maker? {NS} 595: no {X} Interviewer: Do you know the family name Cooper or Cooper? {NS} Have you ever heard of that as a last name? 595: oh yeah uh-huh Interviewer: What would you call a married woman with that last name? She'd be 595: a Mrs. Cooper Interviewer: okay and What relation would my mother's sister be to me? 595: Your aunt Interviewer: okay {NS} and a preacher that is not very well trained doesn't have a regular pulpit just sort of preaches on Sunday here and there makes his living doing something else and is very good at preaching you'd call him a {NS} 595: I don't know assistant Interviewer: Well if he's not very good at preaching {NS} 595: Well he'd just be a dud {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of yard ax or shade tree or jack leg {NS} 595: jack leg? Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever hear of that? 595: I don't don't reckon Interviewer: okay the highest rank in the army would be {NS} 595: I don't know {NS} Interviewer: Well Robert E. Lee was a {NS} 595: was he general? Interviewer: What's that? 595: general? Interviewer: uh-huh And the man who introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken he was a 595: colonel Interviewer: and the person who presides over the court is a {NS} 595: judge Interviewer: and someone who goes to school is a 595: a student Interviewer: and um the person who works in an office and does the typing and so forth would be a 595: typist Interviewer: or a answers the phone and everything 595: receptionist Interviewer: or a sec- 595: secretary Interviewer: And a man on a stage would be an actor. A woman would be a? 595: actress Interviewer: and if you're born in the United States you'd say your nationality is {NS} #1 You're not connect # 595: #2 Amer- # American Interviewer: What's that? 595: American Interviewer: okay and uh the man in charge of his ship is called the? 595: captain Interviewer: okay did you ever hear that word captain used in other situations? {NS} 595: not that I know of Interviewer: okay um and talking about names for races um {NS} someone of your race you'd call {NS} 595: Well uh how do you mean? Interviewer: Well okay what would um {NS} the race of the um the mayor of Fayette he's 595: negro Interviewer: okay What other terms are there for negros? 595: well a nigger Interviewer: uh-huh is that pretty insulting or 595: yes it is Interviewer: uh-huh 595: it is insulting to them Interviewer: What other terms are there? {NS} 595: Well used to they rather be called a colored people Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and they soon resented that Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: and now if they're be going going to be called anything they'd they'd rather be called a negro Interviewer: mm-hmm um any terms that are sort of joking or joking words for them? {NS} 595: Well not that I know of unless they just call him a black man Interviewer: uh-huh um {NW} then someone of our race? we'd say we're not colored we're 595: We're white Interviewer: okay any other names for white people? {NS} 595: I I guess that's about all that's all I've got Interviewer: what about um a child that's born with one parent's um black and the other parent's white? {NS} 595: Well I don't know if is it mulatto Interviewer: okay 595: mulatto I can't say it Interviewer: What about a um a negro whose a really light skinned negro? {NS} 595: uh now I don't know what they {NS} I don't know what they call that {NS} I don't remember {NS} If I've heard it I don't remember it Interviewer: What about um {NS} white people that um well well what did black people used to call the men that they worked for? {NS} 595: Their boss uh I guess be boss Interviewer: What about um white people that aren't very well off they hadn't had education they they don't work they're {NS} um too lazy to do anything {NS} 595: Illiterate aren't they? Interviewer: Well but people that they don't they don't seem to try much they don't they don't care much white people that you sort of look down on you call them 595: I don't what you would call them I guess I do too I don't know who I don't know what they'd call them Interviewer: I'm thinking of something like poor white trash or redneck or 595: #1 Well yeah # Interviewer: #2 cracker. # 595: oh I have heard them called poor white trash but rednecks I I don't know Interviewer: uh-huh 595: if I've heard that Interviewer: Who would call them poor white trash? 595: Well those that probably had a little something and Interviewer: uh-huh #1 and these would be white people calling them # 595: #2 and didn't uh-huh and wouldn't want to # socialize with them Interviewer: mm-hmm what about um {NS} Words that negros would have for white people that they look down on? {NS} 595: I don't know what that would be that hasn't come up until here lately but Interviewer: uh-huh 595: they no don't know if they'd {NS} whether they w- colored would call the white people uncle Tom or whether it was reversed Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: they that Uncle Tom was Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: a big word for a while but I don't know I don't remember now who they were referring to Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um you know down in Louisiana you have some French people down there do you ever hear a name for them? 595: Yeah coonies Interviewer: uh-huh any other name 595: um no I reckon that must be all the Frenchmen Interviewer: uh-huh do you ever hear of coonie ass? 595: yeah sure have Interviewer: What's that? {NW} 595: coon ass? Interviewer: uh-huh #1 it means # 595: #2 that's what they # {NS} that's just a slang for Interviewer: uh-huh 595: French for a Frenchmen Interviewer: mm-hmm is it an insulting word? {NW} 595: Well it might have been at one time but I think they have kind of gotten used to it Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: they don't seem to it doesn't seem to bother them now Interviewer: mm-hmm What about someone who lives out in th country and doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town everybody notices him you know? you could tell that he's from way out in the country What might people call someone like that? 595: well that's maybe nine times out of ten they'd be called a country hick {NW} Interviewer: okay {NS} do you ever heard of the word hosier or? {NS} 595: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 595: I have but {NS} I wouldn't I don't know what they Interviewer: uh-huh 595: mean about it Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} say um {NS} if you're at a party you looked at your watch and saw that it was around eleven thirty or so you'd say well we better be getting home it's what midnight it's 595: be close probably be close to midnight Interviewer: okay and um say if it's icy outside you'd say well I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I liked 595: liked to have fallen Interviewer: okay and if someone is waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon you'd say I'll be with you in 595: just a moment Interviewer: okay {NS} and um {NS} this part of my head is called my 595: forehead Interviewer: and this is my 595: hair Interviewer: and on a man hair here would be a 595: his beard or mustache no a beard Interviewer: and this is my 595: ear Interviewer: which one? 595: left ear Interviewer: and this is my 595: right ear Interviewer: and this {NS} 595: my lips Interviewer: but the whole thing is my 595: mouth Interviewer: and this is my 595: neck Interviewer: and 595: throat Interviewer: what about this part here? {NS} 595: oh now {NS} well I think that's called a Adam's apple Interviewer: uh-huh 595: on a man Interviewer: what about goozle? 595: Yeah I've heard it called that too a goozle Interviewer: but what is the goozle? {NS} is that that thing that sticks out or is what you swallow by 595: it's I think it's inside your throat {NW} what you swallow through Interviewer: mm-hmm 595: called the esophagus I this is what it is Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 and # 595: #2 same thing # Interviewer: these are my 595: teeth Interviewer: and one 595: tooth Interviewer: and the flesh around your teeth is your 595: gums Interviewer: and this is one 595: hand Interviewer: two 595: hands Interviewer: and the 595: palm Interviewer: this is one 595: fist Interviewer: two 595: two fists Interviewer: and the place where the bones come together is a 595: joints Interviewer: and on a man this is his 595: chest Interviewer: and these are the 595: shoulders Interviewer: and this is my {NS} 595: leg Interviewer: and one 595: foot Interviewer: and I have two 595: feet Interviewer: and this sensitive bone here 595: is the shin Interviewer: okay and if I'm getting down to this position you say I 595: squatted Interviewer: okay any other expressions? {NS} 595: knelt down I reckon Interviewer: do you ever hear down on your {NS} 595: knees Interviewer: or hunkers or haunches 595: uh-huh sure have haunches anyway Interviewer: u-huh what's your haunches? 595: I don't know unless it's ju- down on your knees and Interviewer: uh-huh 595: all bent up {NW} Interviewer: okay 595: or down on your knees and call your knees haunches Interviewer: uh-huh say if someone has been sick for a while you say well he's having up and about now but he still looks a bit 595: peaked Interviewer: okay anything else? 595: well some says peaked Interviewer: uh-huh What about puny or? 595: yeah puny on the puny side Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Someone who's in, in real good shape who's {NS} you know {NS} muscular and so forth you'd say he's big and? 595: Stout or Interviewer: Mm-hmm 595: {D: hailed and hardy.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um would you ever use that word stout, talking about butter that was turning bad? 595: No I wouldn't I'd say it was rancid. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about someone who's always smiling, doesn't lose his temper. You'd say that he's? 595: Easy going I would say. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other? 595: Well could be another expression but {NS} I would mostly say he was easy going. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about someone like a a teenage boy who just seems to be all arms and legs? 595: I'd say he was lean and lanky. {NW} Interviewer: Or what if he's always knocking things and stumbling? You'd say he's? 595: Clumsy. Interviewer: And a person that just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense, you'd say he's just a plain? 595: I don't know what you'd call that now. I don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: Well he just he does things that there's no sense in them at all? He goes ahead and does 'em and? 595: I would say it was senseless to do such Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 595: #2 things. # Interviewer: Do you ever call him a fool? 595: I wouldn't uh-uh. Interviewer: Wouldn't? 595: Uh-uh never. I don't think that would be nice to do that. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would, would people say that though? 595: Some would. I imagine some would yes. Interviewer: How how would they use that? 595: Well m-, they'd probably say he was a fool for doing such things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a person who has a lot of money but never spends any money he'd be a? 595: A miser I'd say. Interviewer: Mm-kay any other? Expression for him? 595: Tightwad. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And when you say that a person is common, what does that mean? 595: Well, the way we would express it it would just mean plain ol' everyday person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you say that they're? 595: Just an everyday person. #1 {D: That's all.} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Huh? 595: Is all. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} How how would you use that word, you'd say? 595: He would just {NW} be a plain everyday person. Interviewer: Uh-huh if he's a? So you'd call him a? {NS} A co-? {NS} 595: A common. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: Everyday person I guess is what it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if you said that a girl was common? Would that have a special meaning? {NS} 595: {NW} I wouldn't think so. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say an old person maybe around. 595: Robert. Robert. Get your feet off the book. Now quit. Interviewer: Maybe around eighty or so still gets around real well, still does all their work. Still, you know real active for their age you'd say that that they're awfully? 595: I would say they would be awfully active for their age, yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what else might you say? 595: #1 Mm well # Interviewer: #2 You know always # busy, always doing something. 595: I'd say they'd be very active. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about spry or brash or chipper? 595: Well I have heard the expression being spry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What does that #1 mean? # 595: #2 {NW} # Well active. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um you say well a child might say, well I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark, I'm? 595: Afraid Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 595: #2 or probably # scared. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. You say well I don't understand why she's afraid now, she? {NS} What? Meaning in the past she wasn't afraid, you'd say, I don't understand why she's afraid now she? 595: Wasn't before. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} Would you say she used to be or didn't used to be or? How would you say that? 595: Well I hadn't thought about that. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 595: Hadn't thought about that. Let's see now. Interviewer: You'd say I don't see why she's scared now she? 595: Hasn't been in the past. #1 I think I # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 595: would say. {NS} Robert Lee. Robert. Imma send you home now. Now quit. Interviewer: And say if your children are out later than usual, you'd say well, I don't guess there's anything wrong, but still I can't help feeling a little? 595: Uneasy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone else might say, oh they'll get home all right just don't? 595: Don't worry about it. Interviewer: And someone leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes out and doesn't even lock the door. You'd say he's mighty? What with his? 595: Brave or tempting. Interviewer: Or with his money he's awfully? 595: Loose with it. Interviewer: #1 Or awfully care- # 595: #2 That's what we. # Mm-hmm careless. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And someone who makes up his own mind and then won't listen to anybody else, won't ever admit he's wrong. You'd say, you'd tell him, don't be so? He's gonna do things his way, you know. 595: I don't know what I'd say about that. Interviewer: Well say if if I was gonna do go about a certain job, you know, doing it one way. And you said look you know that's that's not the way to do it but you know my way would be better, but I wouldn't listen to you at all you know I I was just gonna do things the way I wanted to do them 595: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you know? # And even if I was wrong I wouldn't ever admit it. You'd say that I was awfully? 595: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Would you ever say # 595: #2 {X} # Interviewer: sot or stubborn or ornery or pigheaded or? 595: Well, {NW} maybe stubborn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: That would probably be the most Interviewer: Mm-kay 595: used word. Interviewer: And somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper you'd say that he was mighty? 595: Let me see now I've got a brother-in-law like that. Auxiliary: {NW} 595: {NW} Oh well I would say that uh Auxiliary: {NW} 595: uh he can dish it #1 out # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 595: but he couldn't take it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say that there was one subject that Auxiliary: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 you couldn't # Auxiliary: {NW} Interviewer: that you couldn't tease him about. You'd say that um well you'd better not mention that subject to him because when it comes to that he's still mighty? 595: Let's see now. Sensitive, I reckon. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about #1 to touch? # 595: #2 {NW} # Well, he could be touchy about it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so? 595: Upset. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or all of a sudden he got really? 595: Mad. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if someone's about to lose their temper, you might tell them to just keep? 595: I'd just say tell him to keep quiet. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 595: And just wait a little bit. Interviewer: Or another word you'd say just keep? 595: Calm. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And you say there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy, but sometimes she acts kind of? 595: I don't believe I believe I know what I'd say there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well you could say she acts kind of funny but, any other words? 595: Well, another word I guess would be kind of goofy according to the way Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 595: #2 it was done. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the word queer or {D: quare?} 595: Queer, well now I've heard that expression. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What does that mean? 595: Um well just n- acting in a different way than I would, I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear people um say so-and-so is a queer? Do you ever hear it used that way? 595: Yes. I have. Interviewer: What does it mean then? 595: Well, I guess you would say that it would be uh different than any other person. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Has the word? 595: Out. Interviewer: Hmm? 595: Outrageous I {NW} #1 {D: I would} {C:laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 595: {D: seem so.} Interviewer: Has the word changed meanings recently? 595: I've not heard about #1 anything. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Does I was wondering if the word, you ever use the word to mean homosexual? You ever heard heard it used that way? 595: No {D: I'm sure it had.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say if you had been working very hard, you'd say you were very? 595: Tired. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other expressions? 595: Well, some would say pooped. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Or # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you'd say or I'm just completely? 595: Given out. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or using the wear out, you'd say I'm just completely? 595: Worn out. Interviewer: And say if someone had been well and suddenly you hear they have some disease you might say well, yesterday when I saw them they were fine, when was it that they? What sick? When wa-? 595: Took sick or had taken sick. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone who went outside in bad weather and came in with sneezing and eyes were running, you'd say that he? 595: Was taking a cold. Interviewer: Or if that had happened you'd say that he? 595: Took the cold. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it affected his voice you'd say he was? 595: Hoarse. Interviewer: And {NW} if you go like that you have a? 595: Cough. Interviewer: And say if you got someone some medicine, you went in there and {NW} saw the medicine standing by the bed you'd say, why haven't you? 595: Taken your medicine? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone might say well I already? 595: Have. Interviewer: Or I already what some? 595: Taken some. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And in another hour I'll? 595: Take another dose. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And somebody who can't hear anything at all, you'd say they're? 595: Deaf. Interviewer: And say if a man had been out working in the sun, and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I? 595: Sweated or have sweated. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a um sore that comes to a head is called a? 595: A boil. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other? 595: Well some calls them a carbuncle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that the same thing? 595: Mm-hmm. Yes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the stuff inside the boil it drains out? 595: Well, {NW} we always called it pus. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about in a blister? 595: Now I don't know what you'd call that, we always called it water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say I'm if you say a bee stung me and my hand? 595: Swelled. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And my hand's still pretty badly? 595: Swole. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if a bee stings you your hand will? 595: Swell. Interviewer: And if someone got shot or stabbed, you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the? 595: Wound. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You know sometimes a wound won't heal clean, and you get a sort of a granular substance around the edge that's gotta be cut out or burned out. {NS} Do you know what I mean? 595: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Sort of like a # 595: #2 {X} # Interviewer: skinless growth over the instead of healing back right, the the skin doesn't grow back right. Do you ever hear some kind of flesh? 595: {NW} I've heard it called proud flesh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: But that's all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if you had a cut on your finger, a brown liquid medicine you could put on it would be? 595: Iodine. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a real bitter medicine people used to take? 595: Quinine. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if someone was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he? The doctor did all he could but the man? 595: Died. Interviewer: Any nicer ways of saying that? 595: Well, I I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 595: #2 Or # passed away Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 595: #2 is # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: maybe the nicer words. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any any crude way of saying that? Any way of saying that that's not very nice, or just sort of joking or something? 595: {NW} No, I guess not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You say, well he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died? 595: Of. Interviewer: And a place where people are buried? 595: Cemetery. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 595: Oh yeah. I don't know if I know how to say it or not. {NW} Interviewer: Well is is cemetery what you used to call it when you were little? 595: {NS} Well, graveyard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about what they put the body in? 595: Well, some says casket and some says coffins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you say he was an important man, when he died everybody went to his? 595: Funeral. Interviewer: And if people are dressed in black, you say that they're in? 595: In mourning. Interviewer: And um on an average sort of day, if someone asks you how you're feeling you'd say I'm? 595: I'm fine. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And when you're getting old, and your joints start giving you trouble you'd call that? 595: Arthritis or #1 rheumatism. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Mm-kay. And 595: {NW} Interviewer: a disease that children used to get um they'd get a real bad sore throat, and they'd choke up. A lot of children died from it. 595: {NW} Uh diphtheria, I think. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a disease where your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 595: That would be the yellow jaundice, I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um if you have a pain down here and you have to have an operation, you'd say you have? 595: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if um you ate something that didn't agree with you and it came back up, you'd say you had a? 595: Sick stomach. Interviewer: Or you did #1 what? # 595: #2 Vomited. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is vomit a very nice word to to use? 595: Well, I believe that would be the appropriate {NW} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 595: #2 word to # say but some says upchuck. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is upchuck nice to to say? Or does it sound? 595: Well, the first time I heard the expression, I didn't know what they were talking #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 595: cause we always said vomited. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If a person vomited, you'd say he was sick? 595: On his stomach. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um say if someone had about five hundred acres of land you'd say he really had a what of land? 595: I would say a nice plot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever say a right smart? 595: Uh-uh. I don't think so. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear that expression around here? 595: I don't no. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl, he kept on going over to her house and seeing her, you'd say that he was? 595: {D: Seeing how} I would say he was wearing out his welcome. {C: laughing} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 Well what if he was # 595: #2 It it may not # be what you wanted. Interviewer: Well if he was seriously interested in her, like #1 maybe? # 595: #2 He was # courting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is is courting sounds like they're seriously interested? Or is it just? 595: I wouldn't think so. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other terms besides courting? 595: Wooing maybe. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did people used to say that? 595: Long time back they did. I #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # {NS} And he would be called her? {NS} 595: Fiance. Interviewer: Or? 595: Boyfriend. Interviewer: And um she would be his? 595: Oh, now what do they call that? Well if they had planned on marrying it'd be his bride-to-be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But what if they were just, you know good friends? 595: Well he'd b- she would be his girlfriend. #1 I guess. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar, his little brother would say that he had been? 595: {NW} Well, uh he'd probably say they had been smooching. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # And when a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her, you'd say she? 595: They had broken up, I #1 guess. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # And he asked her to marry him but she? 595: Refused. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other expressions? Turned him down, or {D: threw him?} #1 {X} # 595: #2 Well maybe in- # jilted him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And they were engaged, and all of a sudden she? 595: Well, she probably jilt him then. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # And but if she didn't jilt him, you'd say they went ahead and got? 595: Married. Interviewer: Any joking ways of saying that? 595: Or hitched. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is the? 595: Best man. Interviewer: And the woman that stands up with the bride? 595: Well she'd be a bridesmaid or maybe um Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: matron. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um do you remember a long time ago people would get married other people would make a lot of noise, fire off rifles and ring cowbells and do things like that? Do you remember hearing about that? 595: I don't believe so. If I did, I don't remember what they called it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um talking about the words up and down and over say if um you had been in New Orleans last weekend you'd say last week I went? 595: Went to New Orleans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you use down or up or over? 595: {NW} I- I don't believe I would. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: I don't think so. Interviewer: Do you use those words at all talking about traveling? 595: Well yeah, I probably would. Went over to so-and-so. Interviewer: What what would over mean? 595: Well, maybe if I say if I crossed the river, I'd say I went over the river but I- #1 I know that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 595: or we crossed the river Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: to so-and-so place. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say um if there'd been trouble at a party, you'd say the police came and they arrested the? They didn't arrest just one or two of them, they arrested the? 595: {NW} I would say the troublemakers. Interviewer: Or now they didn't arrest just just a few of them, they arrested the? 595: They arrested all of 'em. Interviewer: Or the what group? They arrested the? 595: I'd probably say the whole group. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other word besides group? 595: Or the whole gang. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 595: I'd probably say. Interviewer: And when young people go out in the evening, and move around on the floor to music that'd be called a? 595: Dance or dancing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you remember um what they'd call a a dance that they'd have at home? 595: Well, a party. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: I guess would. Interviewer: And um say if children get out of school at four o'clock, you'd say at four o'clock school? 595: Lets out. Interviewer: And after vacation, children might ask when does school? 595: Start. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up that day, you'd say he? 595: {NW} Oh, now shoot. {NW} He skipped school or. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: Now what do? Interviewer: Did you ever hear play? 595: {NW} Yeah, played hooky. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's if you're trying #1 {X} # 595: #2 Playing hooky, # yes it is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: Sure is. Interviewer: And you go to school to get? 595: An education. Interviewer: And after high school you go on to? 595: College. Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into the? 595: Elementary #1 school # Interviewer: #2 Or which- # which grade or class? 595: First. First grade. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that what y'all used to call it when you were going to school? First grade? 595: Mm-hmm. We did. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And years ago children sat on benches, but now they sit at? 595: Desks. Interviewer: And each child has his own? 595: Desk. Interviewer: And if you wanted to check out a book, you'd go to the? 595: Library. Interviewer: And to mail a package? 595: Post office. Interviewer: And you'd stay overnight in a strange town at a? Motel or a hotel. And you'd see a play or a movie at a? 595: Theater. Interviewer: And if you were real sick, you might have to go to the? 595: Doctor. Interviewer: Or go into the? 595: Hospital. Interviewer: And the woman that'd look after you? 595: Was a nurse. Interviewer: And you catch a train at the? 595: Depot. Interviewer: Or you might call that the rail? 595: Railroad station. Interviewer: And um say if two streets cross, and you know instead of you're at at one corner and you want to get over to the other corner. {NS} Say if you're at this corner here, you want to get over to this corner. Instead of walking like this like you're supposed to, you walk just like this, you say you're walking? 595: Jaywalking, I believe is what we call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear catty-wampus or antigodlin or kitty-cornered or? 595: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh before they had buses in town, they used to have? 595: A taxi. Interviewer: Or something that would run on a {NW} tracks and have run on rails and have a wire overhead, that would be a? 595: Wouldn't they call that an L? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do they have those around here? 595: Uh-uh. They- that's the reason that I don't really Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 595: #2 {NW} # know what I'm talking about. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 595: No, we don't have those around here. Interviewer: Where did you hear it called an L? 595: Read it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd tell the bus driver this next corner is where I want? 595: Want to get off. Interviewer: Huh? 595: Get off. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you're in um Jefferson County um Fayette is the? 595: County seat. Interviewer: And if you were a postmaster, you'd be working for the federal? 595: Government. Interviewer: And the police in town are supposed to maintain? 595: Law and order. Interviewer: And um before they had the electric chair, murderers were? 595: Hung. Interviewer: And you say that man went out and what himself? 595: Hung himself. Interviewer: And the fight between the north and the south was called the? 595: {NW} Let me see now {NW} I don't- {NW} #1 don't recall the # Interviewer: #2 You know it woulda had the Confederates # and the Yankees and? 595: Yeah, but I don't remember what they called it. Interviewer: It was the Civ-? 595: Civil War? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other names for that? 595: {NW} Not that I know of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. These are some names of some states and some cities and the biggest city in this country is in? What state? 595: Would it be Washington? Interviewer: Or up? 595: Oh the biggest city in uh a state would be the capital, I guess of the state. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well, what's um {NS} you know the the state where um the state up north uh where they have {D: let's see the} well Fifth Avenue and Wall Street it's? 595: New York. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And Annapolis is the capital of? 595: Maryland, I think. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What's the biggest city in Maryland? 595: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: #1 It'd be Balt-? # 595: #2 I don't # Baltimore. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um and Boston is in? 595: Massachusetts. Interviewer: And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the? That section of the country is the new? 595: New England states. Interviewer: And um Tulsa is in? 595: Oklahoma. Interviewer: What are some of the um Richmond is in? 595: Virginia. Interviewer: What are some of the states in the South? 595: Well, Louisiana Alabama Texas Tennessee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: Florida Georgia, and I imagine the Carolinas. Interviewer: Which #1 {D: did your?} # 595: #2 North # and South Carolina. Interviewer: Uh-huh. North? 595: North and South Carolina. Interviewer: {NW} Say the full name is? 595: Oh North Carolina and South Carolina. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the state um just above Tennessee, that's? 595: I think that's Kentucky. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And this state is? The state you live in is? 595: Mississippi. Interviewer: And Little Rock is the capital of? 595: Arkansas. Interviewer: And the state just above Arkansas is? 595: Missouri. Interviewer: What's the largest city in Missouri? 595: Would it be Kansas City? Interviewer: Or another one is Saint? Saint Lou-? 595: Saint Louis. Interviewer: Huh? 595: St. Louis. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 595: #2 Or # some say St. Louis. Interviewer: Okay. And the capital of the United States is? 595: I guess that would be Washington D.C. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the big city in Illinois? 595: Springfield, I believe. {NS} Interviewer: Or another one is Chi-? 595: Chicago. Interviewer: And the old seaport in South Carolina? 595: I don't know that. Interviewer: Do you know any of the cities in in South Carolina? 595: No Interviewer: It'd be Char-? 595: Charleston. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What are some of the cities in Alabama? 595: Well, Montgomery and Birmingham and Talladega, I guess you would say it that way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the the one down on the Gulf? {X} 595: Uh. Interviewer: Starts with an M? Mo-? 595: Mobile. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the city up in the mountains in North Carolina is? 595: I- I don't know that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the the biggest city in southern Ohio? Starts with a C. 595: Cincinnati. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What in Kentucky? Biggest city there? 595: Mm. Interviewer: Where they run the Kentucky Derby? 595: I don't remember now what they call that. Interviewer: #1 That's- # 595: #2 What it is. # Interviewer: Lou-? 595: Louisville. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um some of the biggest cities in Tennessee? 595: Well, be Nashville and Memphis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And in east Tennessee? Up in the mountains? 595: I wouldn't know what to. Interviewer: It'd be Kno-? 595: Knoxville. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about where Lookout Mountain is? 595: I don't know, I'd have to get my map and look at it. {NS} Interviewer: Well, that'd be Chat-? 595: Chattanooga. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about some cities in Georgia? 595: Well, there'd be Macon and Atlanta I guess would be the capital of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: Yeah. Oh. Interviewer: The one um the seaport in Georgia is Sav-? 595: Savannah. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the city um Fort Benning is near? 595: Fort Benning {D: why} I know. Interviewer: Or the the name of the person who discovered America? 595: Um Columbus. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the biggest some of the cities in in Louisiana? 595: {NW} Well, Baton Rouge New Orleans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And Belfast is in what country? 595: Ireland. Interviewer: And Paris is in? 595: France. Interviewer: And Moscow is in? 595: Now I know that too if I. Interviewer: You could call it USSR, or you could call it? 595: Russia. Interviewer: And say if you want somebody to go with you somewhere. You might say well I won't go what he goes. I won't go? 595: Unless he goes. Interviewer: And um say I had a choice of two things I- I was gonna do this but I decided to do to do that? What? 595: This or the other. {NW} Interviewer: I was gonna do this but I decided to do that in? 595: Instead. Interviewer: And one of the um largest churches in the South is? One of the large Protestant churches denominations is? 595: The baptist or #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 595: Baptist. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if two people become members you'd say they? 595: Joined the church, I guess. Interviewer: And you go to church to pray to? 595: God. Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a? 595: Sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the? 595: Music. Interviewer: And if you really liked the music you'd say the music was just? 595: Grand or fine. Interviewer: Or just beau-? 595: Beautiful. Interviewer: And the enemy of God is called the? 595: Devil. Interviewer: Any other names for him? 595: Satan. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you tell children was gonna get 'em if they didn't behave? 595: {NW} Boogeyman. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-kay. 595: {NW} Interviewer: What do people think they see around a graveyard at night to scare 'em? 595: {NW} Ghosts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: Or spooks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear of a house that people were scared to go in? 595: Yes, they're you'd call those haunted houses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And say if you hadn't seen a friend of yours in a long time. What might you say when you see 'em? How might you express your feeling? 595: Well it would one way would be it's nice to see you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or I'm? What to see you I'm? 595: Glad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever say proud to see you? 595: {NW} Um {NW} I seldom ever hear it #1 said. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. 595: It was mostly always glad to see you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um {NS} you might tell someone, you better put a sweater on it's it's not really cold, but it's getting? 595: Cooler or cool. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other expression besides cool or? 595: Well, we say nippy sometimes. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And um you'd say I might ask you if you know a person. And you might say, well no I don't know him but I've? 595: I've heard of him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um I might say well some- talking about something that you do every day. If I ask you do you do it frequently, you'd say yes I? 595: Do most every day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you wanted to know if he does you'd say? 595: Yes, he does. Interviewer: Or you'd ask me? If you wanted to know whether he does that sort of thing you'd say? What if he did that you'd ask? 595: Does does he do that? Interviewer: Mm-kay. You say well, I don't smoke cigarettes but he? 595: Does. Interviewer: And um s-say um you might say well I I think that's right, but I'm? 595: I'm not sure. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you wanted to know um why someone did something, you'd say well what? 595: I I believe I'd say what caused him to do that or why did he do that? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say well, I don't know if he actually did that or not but people? 595: People says he done did. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um if a child's just had his third birthday you'd say he's? 595: Three years old. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um talking about um rooms and in the house it this room here you'd call the? 595: Living room. Interviewer: Any old-fashioned name for that? 595: {NW} Uh, not that I know of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: Yeah #1 it could be. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Mm-hmm. How tall would you say this room is? It's about? 595: Mm. About twelve feet Interviewer: Mm-kay. 595: high. {NW} Interviewer: And if someone says something kinda shocking and you sort of resented them saying it, you might say why the very? What? 595: {D: Idea.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say, it wasn't just a little cold this morning, it was? 595: Cold. Interviewer: Or it was? What cold, it was? 595: Real cold I probably say. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And when a friend of yours says good morning, what might you ask 'em then? 595: How are you or how are you feeling? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about when you're introduced to a stranger? What might you say then? 595: I don't know, I don't think {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 595: #2 think I've seen # {NW} many new strangers. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um and if some people had been over to visit you, when they leave you might say well I hope y'all come back? 595: Again. Interviewer: And how do you greet someone around December 25th? 595: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And happy? 595: New year. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say? 595: {NW} Well, I don't think so. About That would #1 that'd be it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Do you ever hear people say Christmas gift? 595: {NW} Oh yes. That sounds to me like asking for something. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 595: {NW} Interviewer: #1 How would they say that? # 595: #2 {NW} # Well, they'd just say Christmas gift. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Who would say that? Would would you ever say that? 595: I wouldn't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did? 595: Cause the way it sounds to me, I I would imagine it would that it would sound like that to another person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Who would say that when you were young? Would colored people say it or white people or? 595: {NW} Both. Both races. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: Both races would say it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You might say, I had to go downtown to do some? 595: Shopping. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Say if you bought something, you'd say the store keeper took out a piece of paper and? 595: Wrapped it. Interviewer: When I got home I? 595: Undid it. Interviewer: #1 Or he wrapped it and then I? # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I 'un-? 595: Undid it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it, you'd say you had to sell it? 595: {NW} Well, for less I guess or. Interviewer: Mm-kay. #1 Say if you like # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: something but don't have enough money for it. You'd say well I like it, but it what too much? 595: Cost too much. Interviewer: And on the first of the month, the bill is? 595: Due. Interviewer: If you belong to a club, you have to pay your? 595: Dues. Interviewer: And if you don't have any money you'd go to the bank and try to? 595: Borrow some. Interviewer: And you say in the thirties money was? 595: Scarce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say you ran down the springboard and what into the water? 595: Dove off. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And several children have already? What off? 595: Well I believe I'd say they. {NW} Interviewer: They've already? 595: {NW} Well would it be right to say {NW} diven or dove off? Interviewer: Well what what would you probably say? 595: I might would say dove off. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say but I was too scared to? 595: Dive. Interviewer: And if you dive and then hit the water flat, you'd call that a? Hit the water just flat and? 595: Oh well we call that a belly splash. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 595: {NW} Interviewer: And um say he he dove in and what across? 595: Swam across. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And I have what there myself? I have? 595: {NW} Um I'd probably say I s- {NW} swam across. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Huh? You'd say I have? 595: Well I'd probably {D: let's see} I have I don't know. {NW} Swum some would say. #1 But I # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 595: I don't know what I would say. Maybe the same thing. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 595: {NW} Interviewer: Um you say children like to? 595: Swim. Interviewer: And if you can't swim you get and you get in the water you might? 595: I would sink. {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: Usually go under. Interviewer: Or if you die in the water you say you? 595: Drowned. Interviewer: Huh? 595: Drowned. Die in the water? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. If you if you can't swim you get in the water and you might? 595: Drown. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say yesterday he? 595: Drowned. Interviewer: And um I wasn't there so I didn't see him when he got? Or when he was? 595: When he was drowned maybe? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a child puts their head on the grass and then turns a? 595: Somersault. Interviewer: And when you buy something or pay your bill, some storekeepers will give you a little present and say that it's for? 595: I don't know, that never happens either. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Did you ever hear of lagniappe? 595: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What does a baby do before it can walk? 595: Crawl. Interviewer: And um you'd say that'd be a hard mountain to? 595: Climb. Interviewer: But last year my neighbor? 595: Climbed it. Interviewer: But I have never? 595: Climbed I, I guess. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say she walked up to the altar and she? What down? 595: Knelt. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you were tired, you might say I think I'll go? What? Go over to the couch and? 595: Lie down. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say he was really sick he couldn't even sit up all morning he just? What in bed he just? 595: {NW} I think I he laid in bed I reckon would. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And talking about things that you see in your sleep, you'd say this is what I? 595: Dreamed. Interviewer: And often when I go to sleep I? 595: Dream. Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I have? 595: Dreamt. Now I've heard that expression, but now {NW} whether it's right or not Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: I don't know. Interviewer: Is that what you would say? What I have? 595: I'd {NW} I'd say I always say I dreamed this that and the other. Interviewer: You'd say I have? 595: Dreamed. #1 That's the way I # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 595: that's the way I say it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} You'd say I dreamed I was falling, but just when I was fixing to hit the ground I? 595: Woke up. Interviewer: Mm-kay. If you bring your foot down heavy on the floor, you say you what the floor? {NS} 595: Stamped. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 595: Or stomp. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And to get something to come towards you you? Take hold of it and? 595: Pull. Interviewer: And the other way would be? 595: Push. Interviewer: And say if you um had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say I picked it up and? 595: Carried it. Interviewer: Any other word you'd use besides carry? 595: Well, tote is a slang word I guess you'd call it. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # And if a boy sees a girl at church and he wants to go home with her, he'd say may I? What you home? May I? 595: Escort or #1 maybe # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 595: accompany. Interviewer: What if he had a a car? He'd say may I? 595: Drive you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: #1 Drive you # Interviewer: #2 {D: What if} # 595: home. Interviewer: What about carry or take? 595: {NW} Well, {NW} take. May I take you or could I take you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um you say I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it? 595: Started raining. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you might ask what time does the movie? 595: Start or begin. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say um it must've already? 595: Started or begun. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And it what ten minutes ago? 595: Began maybe. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say that's the book that you? What me? 595: {D: Say what?} Interviewer: That's the book that you? 595: Gave Interviewer: Mm-kay. 595: me. Interviewer: And you say you have what me many books? You have? 595: Given. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And when I'm finished with it I'll what? 595: Return. Interviewer: Or what it back, I'll? 595: Bring it back #1 or. # Interviewer: #2 Or? # What it back to you? 595: Give it back. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Say if there was something bad that you had #1 expected to happen, # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: like say if there's {D: a child is} walking along the top of a fence, and you had expected him to fall off fall off. {NW} Then someone comes running in the house and tells you they just fell off, you'd say I just? What that was gonna happen, I just? 595: I just knew it was going to happen. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and have a lot of things growing in your garden, you'd go out and? 595: Gather flowers. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something that a child plays with you'd call a? 595: Toy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other expressions people use? 595: Playthings. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about play-pretty? 595: Well yes a play-pretty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does that mean the same thing as a toy? 595: I think so uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And say if I ask you um {NS} when are you going to Miami, you might say, well right now we're? What to go next Wednesday we're? {NS} 595: Planning. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else? {NS} 595: Well, I believe that would be about all. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 595: #2 {D: I believe.} # Interviewer: Do you ever say we're, we're aiming or fixing to go? 595: No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What about #1 fixing? # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Would? 595: Well, I guess that expression is used. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you use it yourself? 595: Very seldom. I may but I probably don't catch myself {D: at it.} {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: Or maybe don't uh think anything about it when I do say it. Interviewer: When you say? 595: Fixing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um. If a child's just learned something new, like maybe learned to whistle, you might say well who? You want to know where he learned it you'd say who? 595: Who taught Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: you to do that? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 595: #2 Maybe who # taught you to whistle or. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a child that's always running and telling on the other children, you'd call him a? 595: Tattletale. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 595: {NW} Interviewer: And um you'd say horses gallop, but people? 595: Jog. Interviewer: Or. 595: Maybe. Interviewer: He didn't walk, he? 595: Ran. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say, they have what a mile every day this week? 595: Have run a mile. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um to get some place in a hurry, instead of walking you might? 595: Run. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say if you give someone a bracelet and wanna see how it looks on her, you'd say why don't you? 595: Try it on. Interviewer: Or why don't you? The opposite of take it off is? 595: Put it on. Interviewer: And um you'd say, you can't get through there cause the highway department's got their machines here and the road's all? 595: Closed. Interviewer: Or all? Tor-? 595: Torn up. Interviewer: And um you'd say, well he moved here in nineteen-sixty and he's been living here ever? 595: Since. Interviewer: And that wasn't an accident, he did that? 595: On purpose. Interviewer: And you might tell a child not that stove is very hot so? 595: Don't touch it. Interviewer: And you'd throw a ball and ask somebody to? 595: Catch. Interviewer: And I threw the ball and he? 595: Caught. Interviewer: And I've been fishing but I haven't? 595: Caught. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um {NW} say if you needed a hammer, you could tell someone go? 595: Go bring me that hammer. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um do you remember a game that that children used to play, where one child would be it and the other children would hide? 595: Hide-and-seek. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything you used to call that? 595: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: That's all we ever called it here. Interviewer: What um what about the tree maybe that you could run and touch and be safe? You'd call that? 595: That'd be the base. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And in football they run toward the? 595: Goal. Interviewer: And say if if we were planning to meet in town, you might say well, there's no need to hurry, if I get there first I'll? 595: Wait. Interviewer: Wait? 595: For you. Interviewer: And um if you were about to punish a child, he might tell you not to punish him just give me another? 595: Chance. Interviewer: And if a man was in a very good mood, you would say he's in a very good? 595: Mood I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about someone who always catches on to a joke, you'd say he has a good sense of? 595: Humor. Interviewer: And you say well, we've got termites now, but I'm sure the exterminating company will get? 595: Rid of 'em. {NW} Interviewer: And say a child left their best pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there, they'd say I bet somebody? 595: Stole it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else? 595: Took it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say, I have just what him a letter? 595: Written a letter. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And yesterday, he? 595: Wrote. Interviewer: And tomorrow I will? 595: Write. Interviewer: And you'd say I wrote him and it's time I was getting a? 595: An answer. Interviewer: And you put the letter in the envelope, then you take out your pen and you? 595: Address it. Interviewer: Any old-fashioned expression for that? 595: Well, I have heard the expression of backing a letter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that pretty old-fashioned or? 595: Oh yes. #1 Long ago. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 595: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 595: {NW} Interviewer: You'd say well I was gonna write him, but I didn't know his? 595: Address. Interviewer: And you say well, I don't know the answer to your question, you better go? What somebody else? 595: Ask. Interviewer: And you said, so then I went and? 595: Asked. Interviewer: And you say, you're the second person who's? {NS} You say, why you've already? 595: Asked. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you say, those little boys get mad and what? 595: Fight. Interviewer: And ever since they were small, they have? 595: Fought. Interviewer: And yesterday they? 595: Fought. Interviewer: And you say she what him with a big knife? 595: Stabbed. Interviewer: Say if a teacher walked into a room and there was a funny picture on the blackboard, she might ask who? 595: Drew. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say if you were gonna lift something heavy, like a piece of machinery up on a roof, you could use pulley blocks and a rope to? 595: Hoist it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And now could you start counting for me slowly? 595: Just just count? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen #1 Fifteen. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # And the number after nineteen is? 595: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six? 595: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Twenty-nine? 595: Thirty. Interviewer: Thirty-nine? 595: Forty. Interviewer: Sixty-nine? 595: Seventy. Interviewer: Ninety-nine? 595: One hundred. Interviewer: Nine hundred ninety-nine? Is one? 595: One thousand. Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand is one? 595: Million. Interviewer: And say if you had a line of people, the person you'd say if there's eleven people in line, the last man would be the eleventh. What about the person at the head of the line, he'd be the? 595: First. Interviewer: And behind him would be the? 595: Second. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Keep going. 595: Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time, but your bad luck comes all? 595: At once. Interviewer: #1 And. # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Cause say if, last year I got twenty bushels to the acre, this year I got forty, I'd say this year's crop was? 595: Better. Interviewer: Or was? What as good? 595: Just as good. Or probably best. Interviewer: Or you say it's two times as good, you'd say it was? 595: Twice as good. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And would you name the months of the year slowly? 595: January February March April May June July August September October November December Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the days of the week? 595: Does it make any difference which one I start with? Interviewer: Doesn't make any difference. 595: I'll just start Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Interviewer: Mm-kay. What does sabbath mean? 595: {NW} Well, it should be the day of rest, #1 but it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 595: seldom observed here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: It's just a regular work day with the light on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Which which day is it the? 595: Well we always observed Sunday. Interviewer: As? 595: As the sabbath day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you meet someone during the early part of the day, what do you say as a greeting? You'd tell them? 595: Good morning. Interviewer: Mm-kay. How long does morning last? 595: Well here it lasts 'til twelve noon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then you have? 595: Evening. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um how long does evening last? 595: {NW} Well, I guess till dark here. Interviewer: #1 And then you'd call it? # 595: #2 {X} # Night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you were leaving somebody around uh eleven 595: {NW} Interviewer: in the day, would you have any special thing you'd tell him as you were leaving? 595: {NW} I wouldn't think so. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what about good day? Do you ever hear that? 595: Yes {D: good day.} Interviewer: Well when do people say that? 595: {NW} Mostly in the evening. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 595: #2 Cause # {NW} the day's gone. Interviewer: When they #1 see the person, or when they're leaving? # 595: #2 {NW} # {NW} When they're leaving. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you say that yourself? 595: Sometimes, uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about when you're um leaving somebody after dark, you'd tell 'em? 595: Goodnight. Interviewer: And you say, we have to get up and start work before? 595: Daylight. Interviewer: Or before sun? 595: Sunrise. Interviewer: And we worked until? 595: Sunset. Interviewer: And you say, this morning I saw the sun? 595: Rise. Interviewer: And at six o'clock this morning, the sun? 595: Rose. Interviewer: And when I got outside the sun had already? {NS} 595: Risen. {NS} Interviewer: And say if someone came here on a Sunday, not last Sunday but a week earlier than that? It would be? You'd say he came here? 595: Well, I'd say a week ago today. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or to know if it was say not not last Sunday, but a week earlier than last Sunday. It would be? In other words two Sundays ago it would be? 595: Two weeks ago. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever say s- Sunday a week or Sunday before last or? 595: No. I I always say Sunday was a week ago. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if someone was gonna leave on a Sunday, not next Sunday but a week beyond that, it would be? 595: A week from Sunday. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever say Sunday week then? 595: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth, you'd say he stayed about? 595: Two weeks. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say today is is Tuesday, so Monday was? 595: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Wednesday is? 595: Tomorrow. Interviewer: And if you wanted to know the time, you'd ask somebody? 595: We just say what time is it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you might look at your? 595: Watch. {NS} Interviewer: {D:And if it was} midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock, you'd say that it's? 595: Well, half past seven or seven thirty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if it's fifteen minutes later than that, you'd say it was? 595: Either seven fifteen or a quarter after. Interviewer: Or it's it's seven forty-five or? 595: Quarter 'til seven. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you've been doing something for a long time, you might say I've been doing that for quite a? 595: While. Interviewer: And nineteen-seventy-three was last year. Nineteen-seventy-four is? 595: This year. Interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year, you'd say it happened exactly? 595: A year ago today. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And talking about the weather, you'd say you look up at the sky and say, I don't like the looks of those black? 595: Clouds. Interviewer: And on a day when the sun's shining and there aren't any clouds, you'd say that's a? 595: Clear day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} What about a #1 day like today? # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You'd say it was? 595: Partly cloudy. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 595: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And a day that's real cloudy and overcast would be? 595: Cloudy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or real the sun isn't shining, you'd say it was a? It's a real dark sort of it say it was a? 595: {NS} {D: I don't know} Interviewer: Would you ever say gloomy or? 595: Well, we usually say mostly overcast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker, and you think maybe it's going to rain in a little while, you'd say that the weather was? 595: Bad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever say gathering or threatening or changing? 595: Well, threatening yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Meaning it's fixing to rain? 595: To rain, uh-huh. Interviewer: And say if it had been cloudy and the clouds pull away? You'd say, oh it looks like it's finally going to? 595: Clear. Interviewer: Hmm? 595: Finally going to clear. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you'd say all night long the wind? 595: Blew. Interviewer: And you'd say, well the wind was bad last night, but in years past it has what even harder than that? 595: Had blown. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say, it started raining the wind began to? 595: Blow. Interviewer: And if the wind's from this direction, you say it's? 595: From the south. Interviewer: And a wind halfway between south and west, you'd call a? 595: {NW} Well we'd always say southwest Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: wind. Interviewer: What about between south and east? 595: Southeast. Interviewer: And east and north? 595: Northeast. Interviewer: West and north? 595: Northwest. {NS} Interviewer: And um {NS} if the wind had been gentle and was getting stronger, you'd say it was? 595: Rising. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it was had been s-strong and was getting weaker, you'd say it was? 595: {NW} Beginning to calm down a little. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um Say if you have a choice of two things, you'd say I what do this and that I? 595: Rather or prefer. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Say the whole thing, I'd? 595: I'd rather do this. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say it was so cold last night that the pipes? 595: Froze. Interviewer: And? 595: Burst. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And {NS} you say um the pipes have already? {NS} 595: Burst. {NS} Interviewer: Because the water has already? 595: Frozen. {NS} Interviewer: And if it gets much colder the pipes might? {C: background noise} {NS} 595: Burst. Interviewer: Or the water might? 595: Freeze. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And um {NS} say it was so cold last night that the lake? 595: Froze. Interviewer: What if it, it wasn't a real solid ice, but just thin ice around the edge, you'd say that the lake? 595: {NW} Partially froze. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers, you'd say last night we had a? 595: {NW} Frost. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it's harder than that? It'd be a? 595: Freeze. Interviewer: And a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down would be a? 595: Downpour. Interviewer: Any other expressions for that? 595: Well, a flood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 595: We call it if it rained real hard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 595: {NW} Interviewer: What if there's thunder and lightning in it? Then it'd be a? 595: Thunderstorm. Interviewer: And if it's lighter than a downpour? It would be just a? 595: Shower. Interviewer: Anything else? {NS} 595: Sprinkle I reckon. Interviewer: What's the difference between a shower and a sprinkle? 595: Well, one be- wouldn't be as hard as the other. Interviewer: #1 Which one? # 595: #2 Just a few # drops of rain would be a sprinkle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if it's real fine? It'd be a? 595: Mist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And if you get up in the morning and you can't see across the road, you'd call that a? 595: Fog. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a day like that would be a? 595: Foggy day. Interviewer: And if no rain comes for weeks and weeks, you say you're having a? 595: Drought. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} Well, that's all. {NS} Interviewer: {B} Yea well this is kind of thing we don't think ought to be allowed to die out. We realize that there are people that won't be interested 596: That's the truth Interviewer: But there are people who are 596: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 And you know # pretty soon there's gonna be whole generation of people gone that knew all 596: #1 you know that # Interviewer: #2 this # 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Right # um i probably didn't get a record of that but you said that these stacks would be out where? You said you it wouldn't have to be at the barn #1 The s- keep the stacks out where? # 596: #2 That's right # Um. Interviewer: You said they could be at on the lot or out? 596: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Hay stacks. # 596: #1 Yeah yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 That would be where? # 596: There'll be out in what you call ah a lot You know we call in the pen where you keep your animals in round here we call that a lot. Interviewer: Would that be around the barn or #1 just any fenced pen? # 596: #2 Well you, any pen. # In around anywhere, you just throw them out anywhere since its enclosed with a fence And you put hedge shocks all out in there bout in there When you get ready, for the animals you just you know let them go in there and eat And if you want them to eat as long as they want to you just the get out of there and close the gate uh the gap or what you call it. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: Uh about a gap you know that's something I've seen all my life and never really thought about. Describe a gap for me what's a gap? 596: Well what a gap is, it Is {X}. You take a, a gap you that's {X} where you can drive you gonna drive a car truck a wagon through there, And uh while you make it there you take you some wire maybe about three or four strands of wire and Put it across there and pass them on the end something like on in here On your uh on another post while you like you got a big post then you fasten this to it Kinda with a kinda {D: a little hook over it}. It's the minute you got you got {X} you know. Interviewer: I see i- it's at an opening in the fence. 596: Yes, there's an opening in the fence what you call that gap. Make an opening in the fence. Barbed wire. Interviewer: I see. 596: Barbed wire, you know what barbed wire Interviewer: #1 Oh yes # 596: #2 is? # Interviewer: sir, I'm afraid so. {NW} Uh there's a place on the farm sometime that I've seen that you can drive your car across Where there's you know the fence would come up to here? 596: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 And then the # fence would start again 596: #1 Yeah. Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 here. And your road # comes here? 596: #1 That's right {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And there are # these these pieces of wood. 596: #1 That's right yeah that's right # Interviewer: #2 In the ground what's that? # 596: That's called cattle gap. Interviewer: A cattle gap? 596: Yes, that's cattle gap. Interviewer: And its uh what why uh why doesn't why don't the cows come out? 596: When they scared they come out Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 596: #2 there. Yeah # See that that you you you cattle gap you dig a place down the ground maybe about 2 foot deep down there a hole down in there. And you put you some pieces across there and on and Cross label pieces. Not close together, wide apart see if an animal start to go through there he look down that hole well maybe he'll {X} {X} misstep or miss that piece step on that hole And so he'll back up. He won't go across there. Interviewer: And you don't like to put the wire 596: #1 No ma'am no. # Interviewer: #2 there? # About how far apart do they have to be to scare them? 596: Well something like about width of your hand like that. {X} when you see that hole, he ain't gonna stick his feet down in that hole now. Interviewer: Well now would this work with cow, it works with cows. 596: #1 Yes cows # Interviewer: #2 It'd work with horses # 596: Yes ma'am #1 that's right, that's right, that's right # Interviewer: #2 horses? It work with horses too # 596: Well now if some mule is stubborn I had one would go over it Interviewer: {NW} he'd jump it 596: No yeah he'd jump it Interviewer: Or just walk over it? 596: Jump it jump it yeah. Interviewer: Would a mule go over it? 596: This is a mule I was talking about. Interviewer: Oh it was a mule? 596: Yeah. {X} Well I'll be. Well I never though about that, I've see them you know never thought about them why they worked or anything about them. Interviewer: Uh was there ever something, that um you ever hear of a hay rack? 596: Yes. What's that now? Um well I'm that um what I'm talking about what th- what the- round them pole that's the hay- that's hay rack there. That's a hay rack? Ya that's hay rack. Interviewer: #1 That's # 596: #2 rack. # another name Interviewer: #1 for them? # 596: #2 That's right yeah. # We use to call them ha- ah shocks, we called them. {X} shocks we called it shocks of hay. But it's a hay rack that's what it was. Interviewer: Okay, I wondered if a rack was somewhere where where it kept it off the ground or something? 596: Well, it can if it wants to yes. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what was th-, did you have um, well let me try again, where did you keep the cows on the farm?] 596: In the pasture. Interviewer: Alright and did they have any kind of shelter 596: #1 No, # Interviewer: #2 out there? # 596: {X} if you just wanted one out there maybe it {X}, He come up maybe to the barn and maybe it's a shed there maybe he going in but {X} we didn't, {X} build nothing special for them. Interviewer: Okay, you didn't have anything called a cowshed or a loafing #1 shed? # 596: #2 N- well # sometimes we Big farmers did, you know big farmers they had all that. Milk farmers, diary farmers, they had all like that but- Alright, have you ever heard the term loafing shed? Well {X} heard of it yeah. Uh loafing shed but I don't know what it why they call it a loafing shed. Interviewer: {X} either. Uh where do you keep your horses? 596: Well he had a, he in the stall. Kept the horse in the stall. Well in that stall maybe the building in that in that barn or that shed in that barn. Why we where we call them stables. Interviewer: Alright now is that a part of the big barn? 596: Yes ma'am maybe you got Stables uh stored all in there under s- underneath. maybe as many as you wanted and as many animals as you got {X} you got a stall for all your horses or mules. For cows, you never particularly have to have them for cows. Interviewer: I see. 596: Ya. Interviewer: Uh where did you milk the cows? Well {X} uh we always milk this out there in the lot. {X} maybe sometimes Under the shed of the barns and ma- maybe the big shed maybe 596: #1 sometimes. # Interviewer: #2 You didn't have any special # #1 place where you brought them # 596: #2 No got no special place. # Interviewer: to milk them? Where'd you keep the- did you ever have any hogs? 596: Yes. Interviewer: Where did you keep your hogs? 596: Well I keep mine in the pen uh maybe uh when we used to let them run out you know they'd run out and be anywhere they wanted to but Nowadays you have to confine them in a pen or something or I- maybe I uh patch a lot, would still it'd be a pen. I {X} it's a pen {X}. {NW} Interviewer: Ya a pen wasn't something that you'd put them in to fatten them? 596: No, Not exactly at all times, but you have a fattening pen when you get them ready to fatten. Maybe you'd have a place, a closed place there with a floor in it or something to keep them from being in the mud so much. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 Yea. # Interviewer: I see. 596: I still raise hogs. Interviewer: Oh do you? 596: Yes {X} I got some right there now. Interviewer: Have you? What- what's this pen out here that I see under these trees? 596: Well that used to be a cow, that's a cow pen where I'd milk {X}. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 {X} # Interviewer: It's a nice shady pen, do you have any cows now? 596: No well we {X} no we don't have any. Interviewer: Um what's the place enclosed around the um uh around your barn? Was there a fence around the barn? 596: Yes and we call that the lot Interviewer: The lot? 596: Lot, we call it that- that's the lot. Interviewer: Alright was it but you would also call you know another place fenced off a lot too? 596: Pasture? Interviewer: That'd be a pasture, away from the barn? 596: Yes, and I put the cattle in or the cows cows they run in. Ya that's pasture. Interviewer: Did you ever raise any cotton? 596: Yes ma'am {X}. Interviewer: {NW} What is it that you do to cotton when you when you wanna get the weeds out? 596: I done everything to it. Interviewer: {NW} 596: plow, hoe, done everything like that. Interviewer: Di- was there something though that you called it when you were getting the weeds out? Scraping cotton or-? 596: Yea scrapping cotton now that's the first And get it worked up, {X} two scrapers while you you scrap it, you got a {X} {D: then you scraping cotton}. then after a while When it gets {D: big enough} clean out, eh you call it uh hoeing cotton. Interviewer: Hoeing 596: #1 Ya # Interviewer: #2 cotton. # 596: Healing cotton old folks used to say healing cotton. Interviewer: Uh did you ever hear it called chopping cotton? 596: Yes and well that's the same #1 thing. # Interviewer: #2 That's the same # thing as what hoeing cotton? 596: Hoeing or scrapping. Interviewer: Either one? 596: Either one yes. Interviewer: What kinds of grass grow in a cotton field that you don't want in there? 596: Why we call it crab grass, crab grass well we don't none of it in there. But just wild grass, crab grass, uh cocoa grass, anything like that. {NW} Interviewer: Okay 596: But in some places badly infested with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm I imagine so. Uh you go your corn in what? In- in what, what would you call it? In a what? 596: Why we call it, you mean in how when you {D: uh a corn} in a bed we'd call it you know {X}. Interviewer: Uh and the whole big area though you'd say- 596: oh a field. Interviewer: Ya now and then I saw you, a whi- uh a while ago you used another term. You grow um a smaller area like maybe a- 596: Oh you talking about a garden or something? Interviewer: Ya uh a while ago you said a patch. 596: A patch? Ya the small patches. Interviewer: #1 {X}. # 596: #2 Ya. # While I {X} a patch that I just s- we say a small field. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 but that's a # patch. That's just a little old n- you know maybe a half acre, or two acres, or something like that uh, 3 or 4 acres. Interviewer: #1 Could you have a- # 596: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Could you have a corn patch then? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: And it would be smaller 596: #1 Yes, that's right that's right. # Interviewer: #2 than a acorn fields? # I see. 596: Well when it's small we call them patches. But when they big field then we call them fields of corn. Interviewer: Right that's what I was interested in. Um we talked a little bit about the fences around the farm and you mentioned the the barbed wire in the gap. 596: Ya. Interviewer: Uh what are the kinds of fences where the corn, what they were made of? 596: Well use- we used to have what's called rail fences. Rail fences I don't know where you ever heard of or seen a rail fence or not. Interviewer: Only the you know the ones they use now sometimes for decorations. 596: Yes. {X}. Interviewer: Well what did a rail fence look like? 596: Well it's a it's a if your rails are stacked like that you see on top of one another ya. Interviewer: #1 So that they cross # 596: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: #1 at the ends? # 596: #2 Yeah you kind of # And uh triangle now you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 596: And of course now you have to go to the woods and get them rails out and bust it, cut the timber make them rails, split them rails, then you make your fence. Uh we used to have for miles and miles that was just a rail fence. Interviewer: Was there anything that you know when they crossed here in the end was there any upright pieces? 596: Well sometimes we took {X} we get this top then we get the fence built like we want it maybe you put a, maybe it's up the hillside we put some pieces like you said up there up there. That's to keep the rail from sliding off down the hill. but going to level ground {D: yeah no} we didn't put nothing up there. Interviewer: About how high would they be? 596: Well about sometime it get that high, yes ma'am. Interviewer: Mm. 596: S- so animal wouldn't yeah just some animals you'd take would take advantage of you {X} and jump over. Interviewer: Oh really? 596: Yea something like that. Interviewer: Uh did you ever have uh a fence around your garden? 596: Yea some we had fence around the garden. Interviewer: What was it made of? 596: Well s- we all had to use wire, like that, {X} a wire fence, and and then uh then I have that around my garden what you call a picket fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what's a picket fence? 596: Well it's made o- made out of {D: slatch} about so high you know? #1 About 5 feet high? # Interviewer: #2 Yep yes, # 596: and you put railings around there to nail them on all the way around there. Interviewer: {D: So the- the slatch would go up and down?} 596: Ya that's right yes. Interviewer: Uh then what what would um or what'd the tops look like where they pointed or? 596: Sometime he'd point them sometime he wouldn't. Yes ma'am that's right. Well if you want to kind of make it decorated and you ki- you'd point them maybe like that. Interviewer: You know somebody told me that they put- pointed them around a garden to keep the chickens from setting up on the fence from 596: #1 Well I reckon so, well I, well I # Interviewer: #2 being able to get up on the fence, get down in the garden. # 596: #1 Well that's right, # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 596: #1 I reckon so. # Interviewer: #2 I hadn't heard that before # 596: Well I imagine it's that way. Interviewer: I thought it was for decoration and they said we never didn't have time to do things for decoration. {NW} Um let's see those um those upright things you know when you putting up a wire fence? 596: Yes and posts. Interviewer: Yeah that you stick the you stretch the wire- 596: Yes ma'am yeah. Interviewer: Did they ever build fences around here out of stone or rock? 596: Well yes ma'am I've seen a few back over there. Now man now you got some that'd be a lot like that. Interviewer: What would you call one of those? 596: I don't know I don't know what kind {X}. Interviewer: Okay. 596: I wouldn't know but I see they got them stone posts and I even don't even know how they fix the wire on them or how they get the wire to Interviewer: #1 Oh you mean # 596: #2 stay # Interviewer: the posts are made out of 596: #1 Yea stone that's- that's right. # Interviewer: #2 stone. Ya and then the wire's # 596: #1 Ya. # Interviewer: #2 strung between. # 596: That's right Interviewer: Oh that is I don't know how you'd stretch the wires. 596: No I don't how they stretch that wire on but they got them like that. {NS} Interviewer: If you wanna make a hen start laying 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: what do you put in her nest to fool her? 596: Well some folks put in what's called a nest egg in there. Ya. I've seen people that maybe we know do it {D: course old hen lay it} when she get ready to lay it. And if she didn't she didn't. Interviewer: {NW} An- would a nest egg be a uh a fake egg? Yes ma'am yes ma'am. 596: #1 Look like- # Interviewer: #2 It wouldn't be a real egg? # 596: No, glass something like a glass maybe it looked it look like an actual egg but it ain't, was not. Interviewer: I see 596: Anything about somebody had a nest egg when in the hen nest like that and the snake is uh bad about swallowing eggs you know Y- you seen {X} you swallow it. So you swallow that nest egg and it was stone. Interviewer: You're kidding? 596: That's true he done that now, he did. Interviewer: {NS} What di- what happened to the poor snake? {NW} 596: I don't know Interviewer: #1 Would that kill # 596: #2 what happened. # Interviewer: #1 the poor snake? # 596: #2 But he use- # {X} all that stone. Aux: Swallowed that nesting egg {X}. 596: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's funny. Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NS} You're talking about things that go in a chicken house you know to get the eggs or get the chickens. 596: #1 Ya. # Interviewer: #2 What kind of # animals go in there? 596: Well mink, he'll do it and old possum. Interviewer: They have any minks around here? 596: Well they- yes ma'am a few around here, weasels, raccoon. I killed a big coon in our chicken house out there about two years ago? Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Big coon, raccoon. Interviewer: Oh, sometimes people talk about all of those animals you know and they- they call them something, you know kind of a general term for all of them they say I gotta get some poison get rid of those? 596: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Anything come to your mind? # 596: Well the rodents I reckon. Interviewer: Ah varmints? 596: Varmints yes ma'am that's right varmint. Interviewer: Now would uh I wonder when you say varmints are you talking about possums? 596: Yes mean you talking about possums or anything like that. Interviewer: Would- would you ever thi- if you had something big like a bear would you call that a varmint? 596: Yes ma'am we'd call he's be a varmint. Interviewer: He'd be a varmint too? 596: Yes he's varmint. Interviewer: You ever hear people referred to as varmints? 596: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody call people you know a certain person a varmint? 596: Yes ma'am I've hear them call 'em that, this nickname you know call it like that. Interviewer: Uh would it s- Would it be a insult? 596: Well sometimes, you wouldn't want them to know that you called them that all the time. {NW} Interviewer: Uh, would that mean that- what would that mean about? 596: Well i- it's sort of s- uh it's sort of s- s- sort of slam, you know a slam a little bit but you don't mean for them to know it you just say that old coon done so-and-so like that you know you don't mean to call them old coon but you just you just. Interviewer: I'm talking about varmint If you said tha- that- that man's a varmint Would that mean he's dishonest or would that- 596: No that mean he's he- he he's {X} or something like that. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 He's a varmint # {X}. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: If you have a nice set of dishes it might be made out of what? 596: China or something like that? Interviewer: Alright and you mention this bucket that you had on the water shelf and you said I think it was cedar right? 596: Ya it was cedar that's right. Interviewer: Alright uh what would you use to carry milk in? 596: well that'd be a milk w- uh you mean a what'd you cow milk {X} milk in or something like Interviewer: #1 No what # 596: #2 that # Interviewer: when you milk, what would you milk into? 596: Oh uh milk bucket yeah. Interviewer: And what would it be made of? 596: Well it'd made out of um oh it's tin I guess it would be {X} or something like that. yeah. Interviewer: {X} 596: What that? Interviewer: {D: Usually aluminum} 596: Well alum- a- a- a- aluminum ain't been here always. Uh-uh no well you know what the- plus it was tin way back yonder when it was tin, and he made of out of tin, but they made the shape of a milk bucket. A milk bucket be you know it'd be uh lying at th- at the bottom ] and come up to y- come up taking uh wide at the top That way a milk bucket be. But it be tin though way back yonder. Interviewer: Now would a- a- a wa- a water bucket wouldn't wouldn't come out at the 596: No no my water b-, no my water bucket not like that water bucket just uh like any other bucket you see now a days with cedar. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 {X}. # Ya made out of cedar. and uh a cedar bucket, water really tastes better out of cedar bucket than any kind of bucket you can get. Ya that cedar tastes somehow I know they just I don't know it seem like it just makes the water taste good. Interviewer: Oh that's good. Uh this I- I'm interested in this difference between the milk bucket and the water bucket 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the ones at the milk {X} called a pale #1 instead of a bucket? # 596: #2 Yes that's right # Pale, milk pale {X} that's milk pale it's the same thing. Interviewer: Same thing? 596: Ya, milk pale we just say bucket but it's a- it's a pale milk pale. Interviewer: I see, would you ever say a water pale? 596: Well, you could say that if you want to. Interviewer: What do you carry uh the food to the hogs in? Or to the 596: #1 I call that # Interviewer: #2 pigs in? # 596: the slop bucket. Interviewer: {NW} what would it be made out of? 596: Well any kind of old bucket you get anything that you eat or surplus bucket you might say you don't use. In the house or anything this old bucket call that the slop bucket. Interviewer: Ah 596: Yea Interviewer: WHAT KINDS OF BACK IN THE OLD DAYS, WHAT kinds of utensils? What kinds of things did your mother have to cook in? You know like what did she fry her eggs in? 596: We call them skillets. Interviewer: Skillet? 596: Yea skillet. Interviewer: What would it be made of? 596: Well it's made out of iron, and that iron skillet. Interviewer: Okay uh was there ever a kind that had legs on it? 596: Yes ma'am that's a pot. Interviewer: That was a pot? 596: Yea Interviewer: What did you use it for? 596: Well to boil vegetables in yes. Interviewer: Alright now would she'd put that, where would she put that on the stove? 596: On the stove, and back {X} have a bit of coals there live coal Sit that pot on there and put a lid on top of the pot and get some of them coals put on top of the lid Interviewer: Alri- alright how big were the, how tall were the legs on this pot? 596: Oh they be about that long Interviewer: #1 About 3 inches? Kind of? # 596: #2 something like that. Yes something like that. # Interviewer: Okay, w- was there ever anything that looked kinda like a skillet that had legs on-? 596: Why I- they use to have some skillets when you had legs on them when you cook on the fireplace. But as you got the stove the- uh skillets don't have no legs now {X} w- when you find an old skillet like that now {X} it's worth something to find something like that now. Interviewer: D- did you ever hear those called ovens? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Was that what what 596: When I had the oven it has the lid it- that oven it had a bottom and a top. that oven it had a bottom and a top to it. Interviewer: When you say a bottom and a top you talking about 596: Why we call- we call that a cover. Interviewer: Okay. Yes that cover.That's all. Hmm what was the kind you put the coals on top of? 596: Yea that's right Interviewer: {X} 596: That's right. Um there was something that, i- if you wanted to boil water you said on the stove you would use the pot to Interviewer: #1 boil water in? # 596: #2 Well I call it # kettle. Interviewer: Y- was that the same thing? Ya no. 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They were different. # 596: Ya different. a tea kettle we used to call that. A tea kettle. Did it have a spout #1 Yea it had a spout, # Interviewer: #2 then? # 596: had a handle and a spout pulled out you know had a lid on it and you pulled out a spout. Interviewer: I see 596: That's right. Interviewer: If you were washing what did you boil your water in outside? 596: Well we used to have what's called wash pots. {X} wash pots. and boil the clothes. Interviewer: And I ran acro- I- I've run across something else over here too that interests me. When you you boiled your clothes 596: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 right? You # wash them then what did you take them out and put them on? 596: I used to put them on a battling what's called a battling block. Interviewer: Now that really interests me 596: {NW} well a battling block about oh about so high. Interviewer: About four- four and a half feet high? 596: And you take a Interviewer: What was it made of? 596: It's wood. Interviewer: W- was it part of a tree? 596: Yes Ma'am that's right part of a tree and you'd have your battling stick maybe a big old paddle. You dip them clothes out of there and put them on top of that battling block and you take that paddle and you battle. Dirt be just uh flying. Interviewer: Really? 596: yeah Interviewer: I just can't imagine- 596: #1 then you'd turn it over- turn it # Interviewer: #2 It seems to me that would've ruined your clothes. # 596: No uh it wouldn't now I'd turn them over and battle and battle them turn it over and battle and battle. and you get through and {X} them clothes white. They clean. Interviewer: {NW} 596: Ya, and and the other thing i- in them day these people didn't have no what you call now uh s- soap like you know have now. Interviewer: Yes sir? 596: They had it called make lye soap. Called lye soap they- they- folks made that soap. You see take uh take uh ashes oak ashes or hickory ashes and put them in a barrel or something or another and on uh kind of put them on a slant some board under it and pour water in there on top and why you see the lye coming out running down {X} and it's strong you better not taste it {X} burn your tongue up. Interviewer: I bet 596: that lye come running out while you take that lye and put in a old barrel or something or a tub or you will put it in amongst your old bones or any kind of animal bones. Anything old meat you didn't want anything. And you put that lye in there where it {X} and that would eat that stuff all up and just eat it all up. And put that i- take that stuff put there in a pot, cook it, cook it and it'll come thick soap make thick soap, and they wash with that. Interviewer: You bathe with it too? 596: Well no. Interviewer: Or you washed with it? 596: Washed clothes with that Interviewer: I wondered if person could use it 596: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 on himself? # 596: he do he- he be sorry {X} I expect. Interviewer: {NW} Oh me Ya I imagine. {NW} Uh 596: Then- then they had uh actually then they could had a soap what they call uh bar soap. Oh yellow soap I- you might have seen it. Ya then they gonna- had a name for it {X} octagon soap they call it. Interviewer: My mother washed with that. Ya and so I'd buy the same soap {X} used to have make it in {X} these square bars like that and folks use that a whole lot Really? 596: Didn't know much about {D: toilet} soap. Interviewer: No I guess not. 596: No. Interviewer: Uh if you cut some flowers outside in your yard and you wanna bring them inside you'd put them in water in a what? 596: In a maybe a bucket or some something or some kind of container {X} something to hold water. Interviewer: Okay any- any- like a vase? 596: Ya some water in that's right. That's where you gonna put them inside the flowers inside the house you'd have flower vase. Interviewer: Alright and if you were putting them in like here in dirt you'd say put them in a what? 596: Well maybe into some uh a flower pot or something like that maybe. Like that had them what you call homemade flowerpots there {X}. {NW} Ya. Interviewer: They're the best kind. 596: Ya. {NW}{NW} Interviewer: Uh when you sat down to eat a meal you had your plate in front of you then what are the things you have to eat with? 596: Knives and forks, spoons like that. Interviewer: Alright. 596: {X} we call them. Ya. Interviewer: Okay and what's the thing you cut your meat with? 596: Knife Interviewer: I didn't know- You may have said that. 596: Yes. Interviewer: {X} If your dishes are all dirty your wife might say mm I gotta get up from here and go do what to them? 596: Uh wash them clean up the dishes. Interviewer: Alright and after a woman washes the dishes then she does what to them? 596: She rinse them. Interviewer: Alright- 596: and dry them. Interviewer: What's the cloth that she might use to wash them? 596: Well I call that the dishrag. Interviewer: Alright {X}. {NW} And what might she dry with? 596: Drying cloth {NW} Aux: {X}. Interviewer: Now listen here well I grew up saying dish rag all my life. Aux: {X} rag Interviewer: That's right. Aux: {X} 596: Well um I'm gonna tell it like it is Interviewer: #1 That's right # 596: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's right Mr. {B} you tell it like it is. Aux: {X} 596: Well yeah yeah that where we come up with certain things that used to talk about the old time thing now Interviewer: Right right. {NW} Uh let's see and if you were washing your face you'd use a what? 596: Uh well a towel we use a towel. We used to say wash rag we used to call it. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and what do you turn on the water with at the sink? 596: A faucet you mean? Interviewer: Uh suppose it were out in the yard? 596: #1 oh I- # Interviewer: #2 It would be a? # 596: {X} we uh we got I call it {X} call it a faucet where you turn turn the water on {X}. Interviewer: Alright you thi- I'm wondering though if you'd ever call it a hydrant when it was- 596: Well yes I may have hydrant of course that's hydrant. turn on the hydrant why you eh eh why I call that the faucet on the hydrant what I call it. Interviewer: Okay the faucet thing would be the 596: #1 Yes yes # Interviewer: #2 handle part? # 596: with the handle part that's right. Interviewer: Alright and th- the hydrant itself would be what? 596: Well it'd be that pipe or uh Interviewer: #1 the pipe that comes up # 596: #2 It would extend up # there and all like that. Interviewer: I see. 596: {X} Interviewer: That would be out in the yard? 596: Yes ma'am in the yard. Interviewer: Right okay good. It was so cold last night that our water pipes did what? 596: Froze, they freeze up last night they just froze up. Interviewer: And then they what? 596: Bursted. Interviewer: {NW} Do you ever have any does it get that cold around here? 596: well yes ma'am it gets that cold here {X}. Interviewer: Does it? 596: It sure do. I find that hard to believe see I think uh Interviewer: #1 It's pretty far south # 596: #2 It sure do # Whenever it gets cold here and you see people getting I'm gonna wrap my pipes tonight or I might keep my waters continuing running tonight keep it from freezing. Why you keep it running continually why it won't freeze that w- that water coming out that warm water'll keep it won't let it freeze. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 596: but if you stop 'em now they freeze. Interviewer: Uh what did molasses used to come in when you bought it? 596: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 A long time ago. # 596: Barrels. Interviewer: Barrels? 596: Yes Interviewer: Uh what about lard? 596: Well they was in barrels too long time ago. Interviewer: Do you ever hear um was it- was lard did lard ever come in cans? 596: Yes ma'am come in cans- cans Interviewer: Uh do you ever hear those cans called a lard stand? 596: I'd call them lard cans Interviewer: Lard cans? 596: Yes, lard can. Interviewer: Alright. Uh if you wanted to pour something into a coke bottle say you might have to use something in the top? 596: In a funneler. Interviewer: Alright. 596: Funnel. Interviewer: And what do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're driving? 596: Whip. Interviewer: Alright and if you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put them in a what? 596: Bag. Interviewer: What would it be made of? 596: Paper. Interviewer: Alright what would flour come in? 596: Sack Interviewer: Alright and it'd be made out of what? 596: Cloth. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what would feed come in? 596: They come in a grass sack, we call it a grass sack uh um what the name we call them uh we don't say grass sack all the time. We call it a croker sack I believe. Interviewer: Ah. You'd be more like to call it say a croker sack? 596: Yeah a croker sack. Interviewer: Alright. Um do you remember when you used to carry corn to the mill 596: #1 to be ground? # Interviewer: #2 Yes ma'am # 596: Yes ma'am, yes ma'am I carried that many time. Interviewer: What was the amount you'd carry at one time? 596: Well maybe we'd carry um maybe half a bushel. And maybe the larger family carry a bushels at same time and some of them would carry two bushels like that. With a big family was. Interviewer: Ever hear that referred to as a turn of corn? 596: Yes ma'am that's what a turn of corn yes. Well that's just uh any amount we'd call it a maybe say a turn of corn. Interviewer: What about a turn of wood? Have you ever heard that #1 expression? # 596: #2 Yes I have turn of wood # Ya I say oh you could get in your arm bring it in the house. Interviewer: I see 596: That's what you call a turn of wood. Interviewer: {NW} If a light burns out in an electric light you have to screw in a new what? 596: Bulb Interviewer: Alrig- they sometime call it a light? 596: Light bulb Interviewer: Ya. 596: Ya. Interviewer: Alright. When you carry out the washing to hang it up on the line 596: Ya. Interviewer: you carry it out in a what? 596: Well in a pail or a pan whatever you uh what you got- got- what you put your clothes in. Interviewer: Now they have a kind of a like when you go to- to do your washing maybe you have a clothes something- 596: Oh a basket Interviewer: Okay there- 596: {X}. Interviewer: Did they have baskets in the old days? 596: Yes, um no they didn't have no #1 basket # Interviewer: #2 They didn't # they used something else? 596: Anything they get the hands on. Interviewer: {NW} What did nails come in? 596: Nails? Interviewer: Yes sir 596: Well uh it's like this nails always is been in a uh I don't know what you call it. Interviewer: Uh looks like a little barrel. Aux: Or a keg 596: Well yeah keg that's right keg, nail keg that's right. Interviewer: Alright, and what runs around the outside of a barrel? The metal pieces? 596: Well hoops. Interviewer: And they hold it 596: #1 Yes that's right # Interviewer: #2 together right? # 596: hoop. Interviewer: What would you put in the top of a bottle to keep something from spilling ? 596: Stopper. Interviewer: What would it be made of? 596: Used to be made out of cork but you don't see that now. Interviewer: Now uh- what would you, wha- if you didn't have a cork stopper what might you use? 596: Oh we use to make take some paper you know and wad or twist it all up and and make a paper stopper and put it in there. Aux: {X} 596: Well I ever use that {X} for making a stopper and all like that. Interviewer: How? 596: Maybe if the b- if it's a big {X}. Have to use a {X} maybe. Interviewer: It had to be a have a certain size neck though to use the {X}. 596: that's right. Interviewer: Uh there's a musical instrument that children play that they blow in and move back. 596: Um French harp. Interviewer: And was there ever one you remember that you held between your teeth and you plucked? 596: yeah the Jew's harp. Interviewer: Did you ever play one? 596: Nah I tried to I never could do much playing. Interviewer: {NW} I'm always hoping that somebody will say yes I blew one and they'll show me 596: Ya I had a brother could play 'em though. Interviewer: Really? 596: Yes ma'am I had a brother could play those what you was talking about, oldest brother. Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Yea. Interviewer: Uh what do you pound nails with? 596: Wait? Interviewer: Wha- when you putting you know if you're doing 596: #1 Oh you- # Interviewer: #2 something hard? # 596: #1 Oh hammer. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {D: Alright and if you got a nail you say you're gonna do what to it in a wall, I'm going to take a nammer a- a hammer and?} 596: Drive it in the wall. Interviewer: Alright and if you don't get it in far enough you say I've got to do wha- I've 596: I've got to drive it some more. Interviewer: Alright, and I- I just didn't 596: Drive it far enough. Interviewer: Okay and it'll have to 596: #1 Have # Interviewer: #2 be # 596: to be drove up further. Interviewer: Alright 596: Driven up further. Interviewer: Talking about the uh parts of a wagon 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: The part that goes up between the horses is the? 596: Ya that's the tongue of a wagon. Interviewer: Alright if you had the horse uh buggy the two pieces? 596: Share shares. Interviewer: Alright now thinking about the wheel part of the wagon 596: Ya Interviewer: the center part is the? 596: And why that is the? Interviewer: the hub is that what you? 596: Yes ma'am or the wheel center part the hub. Interviewer: Then it- then the what? 596: The spooks goes up there. Interviewer: they go into the what? 596: go into the rim and to filler we'd call it. Interviewer: Ah-ha {NW} you know tha- you are one of the few people in the world who knows that word? 596: that's right going to the filler. Yeah we call it that's the filler up there and and the spokes go in there and the spoke would extend back to the hub yeah. Interviewer: And the outside part, the steel part it touches the ground 596: #1 That- # Interviewer: #2 and stuff? # 596: that's the rim. Interviewer: that's the rim? 596: Yea that's the rim. mm-hmm Interviewer: The part of the wagon that the horses actually pull on 596: Mm-hmm. While he pull w- with the {X} the singletree it stays on to the doubletree while the horses he pulling them with them single trees the weight on that doubletree that draws the wagon that's pulling the wagon along. Interviewer: Alright if you've got one horse pulling a wagon would you still have the doubletree? 596: No I mean you've had have some {X} have a {X} for him to pull that {X} buggy. Interviewer: Oh so you could use just a one singletree? 596: No no you just if you, no you just have one singletree if you if your horse is pulling by himself. It just one it just one uh a wagon now is one singletree but a buggy you got some {X} he's pulling it by the {X} the {X} is doing the bringing the wagon along. Interviewer: Uh what I'm trying to figure out about the wagon though is you know you say you've got the doubletree and then the sing- two single trees fastened on to the double 596: #1 Yes ma'am mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 tree right? # Now if you've got that's for two horses- 596: Yes that's right. Interviewer: suppose you got one horse Pulling the wagon- 596: Well then o- a one horse wagon. Interviewer: still be on there? 596: Yes ma'am, one a- uh one horse wagon he got sh- still he got {X} put on a {X} but still he's got one singletree up there he's got {X} with his {X}. Interviewer: #1 Ya they're fastened # 596: #2 fastened to- # Interviewer: on to the singletree. Would there be a doubletree for that singletree? No. I see so there would just be the singletree in that case? That's right. Okay fine. Uh, if a man were going back and forth all day with wood in his wagon, you'd say he was doing what 596: #1 to the wood? # Interviewer: #2 He's # 596: hauling wood. Interviewer: Alright. Suppose there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a rope to it and what it? 596: Uh I dragged it out, I drug it out or something Interviewer: okay and we have quite a few stumps we have dragged or we have drugged quite a few stumps. 596: Ya we have Interviewer: Have you ever used snaked? 596: Ma'am? Interviewer: Have you ever used snaked a log? 596: Yes ma'am that's right that's right yes ma'am. put a chain on it get your pa- animals to it and uh {X} {D: what you got} and just snake it along {X}. Interviewer: Ah what do you break the ground with in the spring? 596: Well I used to break it with a plow, with a plow but now you got tractors and all who can do all that but back in the then would, you would take a plow and maybe we'd one them we call or maybe one horse plow. maybe there are two horse plowing like that. Then they get a {X} we take a middle splitter. that's a two horse plow, that throws the dirt each way making your rows for planting. Interviewer: And those those trenches that a plow cuts are what? {X} Um what kinds of plows, you've mentioned the middle splitter what other kinds of 596: #1 Well theres a # Interviewer: #2 plows? # 596: two horse plows, it's a two horse plow it's a big plow that you take uh make them plowing a big bulk out. Why you carry half this time and half next time but a middle splitter well you gonna hold {X} clean it out as you go. Interviewer: Uh and what do you use to break up the clods? 596: Well we- clod masher we call it. Interviewer: Ever hear it called a harrow? 596: Yes ma'am a harrow, that's right to level off Interviewer: #1 That's the same thing? # 596: #2 stuff like that. Yes ma'am yeah # {X} harrow I either just um call them a harrow {X} one horse harrow something like that. Interviewer: Okay. What do call the X shaped frame that you put a log across to chop it up? 596: Well I- Interviewer: Was there ever a frame? 596: #1 Yes ma'am,I don't know what you # Interviewer: #2 you know that you put them in? # 596: call it I just pick me something like that. put a little log between and saw it or something like that but I don't know- Interviewer: You didn't call it anything? 596: No ma'am I didn't. Interviewer: What would you put a plank across to saw it? 596: Well hor- uh we call horses. Interviewer: Horses? 596: Yes ma'am horses. Interviewer: Alright uh you sharpen a straight razor on a leather? 596: Well I'd sharpen, you- you'd sharpen a straight razor on a hone, you honed it first on a rock. Interviewer: Yes sir 596: On th- then as you get honed while you have your uh strap strap {X} that strap on your razor. Interviewer: Ah 596: Put an edge on it keeping a fine edge on it. Interviewer: Oh 596: Ya. Interviewer: I don't see how anybody ever shaved with it 596: Well that's what I shave with now. A straight razor Interviewer: #1 You're kidding? # 596: #2 all the time. # I don't ever Interviewer: #1 Right now? # 596: #2 use # {X} Now, everyday I use I- uh- twi- I'm use it twice a week. I shave with my straight razor. Interviewer: I'd slit my throat Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NW} How in the world- 596: You'd cut it one time, you'd cut it one time, you wouldn't cut it no more, you- you'd be protecting it Interviewer: {NW} Well I guess you've probably been doing it a long 596: #1 Ya well that's right # Interviewer: #2 time so # 596: Ever since I be old enough to shave that's what I use.\ Interviewer: Oh my 596: I've got a razor I been had twenty-two years. Same razor. Interviewer: Same straight 596: #1 And it's as # Interviewer: #2 razor? # 596: good as it was when I first bought it. Interviewer: Is that right? 596: That's right. Interviewer: My goodness. What do you put in a revolver to shoot it? 596: Well called cartridges. Interviewer: Alright and somehow people straightened their hair with a comb or a? 596: Uh straightening comb you call it {X} Interviewer: Well no they just you know they- they ge- fix their hair with a comb or a bru- 596: {X} comb. Interviewer: Uh huh or a what a bru-? 596: A brush. Interviewer: Okay if you say you're gonna use a brush on your hair you're gonna do what to your hair? 596: Aw you gonna put some {D: more} maybe uh uh grease I mean uh- Interviewer: Or just like brush your hair- 596: Brush your hair or just something like that. Interviewer: Alright {X} 596: Hairdressing or something like that. Interviewer: Alright when you were a child it might have been some things you found to play with. Um did you ever put a plank across a horse and one kid go up and down? 596: Up and down that's right. Interviewer: What'd you call that? 596: I don't know we called it #1 ridding r- # Aux: #2 Seesaw # 596: See- I- we called seesaw, we would, be seesaw. Interviewer: Alright if you were- if you were doing that what would you say you were doing? 596: Well see-sawing all I can Interviewer: #1 Okay that's good. # 596: #2 tell. We were seesawing # {X}. Interviewer: And suppose there was a plank that was say fastened in the middle like to a tree stump 596: Yes ma'am uh. Interviewer: Going around and aroun- 596: Round round and round, I made a many of 'em Interviewer: Did you? 596: Yes. I eve- I even have went to cut off a a tree by its {X} tucked the stump of it and {X} fetched me a pole between there and go make it around. Interviewer: Is that right what did you- 596: Called a flying Jenny Interviewer: Flying Jenny? 596: Yeah flying Jenny. Interviewer: {NW} what about something where you would um hang say a rope or something from tree and put a plank on it? 596: Yea, that's a swing. Interviewer: Alright did you use vines sometimes for that? 596: Yes ma'am, yes ma'am used some vines, we used some of those vine we used to have one and cut a vine and we could just swing way out over the swamp. I mean a {X} come back to where we started at. Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Ya. {X} well we tried it. Interviewer: {NW} In- in this part of the country did the children ever play or you know when you were growing up 596: Ya Interviewer: did they ever play something where they had a long limber plank 596: Yes. Interviewer: And they fastened both ends and jump up and down on it? 596: Yes. I dunno what they call it but th- but they'd have that though I don't know what that what name they used that. Interviewer: Did they ever er- did you maybe hear it called a jumping board 596: Well it might have been. Interviewer: #1 Or juggling board ? # 596: #2 though. Might have # been something like- Interviewer: But you di- didn't really, you don't really 596: #1 remember? # Interviewer: #2 No # 596: don't know what the name was, I just don't know. Interviewer: What would you carry keep coal in beside a stove? 596: Keep what? Interviewer: Keep coal In if you had a coal stove? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: There's a container sometimes you'd keep it beside the stove. 596: Well I don- wouldn't- I wouldn't know what you'd call that either. Like you have 'em coals what you gonna put 'em inside the stove? I don't know what you Interviewer: #1 {D: Ever hear of a scuddle?} # 596: #2 call. # Ma'am? Interviewer: {D: Ever hear of a scuddle?} 596: Well yes ma'am I reckon so I guess so. But I didn't know what we'd call it. Interviewer: Alright and thinking about the stove wh- that maybe your mother cooked on, 596: Ya. Interviewer: What was the part of the stove that came up from the stove up to the chimney? 596: Oh uh you mean the stove pipes you call it? Interviewer: Alright. Ya. And what did it face into in the wall or in the ch- ceiling, wherever it went? 596: Well now way back in on them forty when they making these things your stove pipe come from your stove on up that's straight on up the top of the house and what went through the wall up the the boards on top of the house. They call her uh roof plate. Interviewer: Roof plate? 596: Ya roof plate and you'd fix her all round the roof plate so water wouldn't run in round the stove pipe. That's called a roof plate And {X} went to fix them where they have uh {X} the flu. {X} that flu. And tha- that flu made out of brick and that- that would take your uh smoke and everything on out. {X} Interviewer: With a brick the flu made out of brick- 596: Ya. Interviewer: be on top of the house? 596: No maybe it'd come through the through the roof of the house down to about what you call a the loft up there we'd call it. Interviewer: I see. 596: And rest on some cross pieces up there. I- Well it started going out but you pro- you still probably go up in you go up in that flu stop up there and- Interviewer: I follow you, I see what you're saying. Alright uh you talked a minute ago about the hone that you used to sharpen the #1 razor on? # 596: #2 Yeas ma'am # yes ma'am. Interviewer: Alright was this something that you'd carry in your pocket to shape- to sharpen knives? 596: No you could sharpen knives with them but I use a hone. Oh it be about that long and its a solid smooth {NS} and you take it and put some oil on it and take a razor and just Interviewer: Mm 596: sharpen on that. Interviewer: Well what would you use to sharpen a pocket knife then? 596: Well you use a po- pocket knife you take a rock of some kind maybe um what you call a piece of old uh grinding stone. They like to do sharpen pocket knife on. just old piece of grinding stone. Interviewer: Right now a grinding stone, wh- what would it be like? Uh- 596: Grinding stone is a round maybe a uh uh something like a wheel that round with {X} timber through it with a handle on it. You turn your axes to sharpen your axes and all that- Interviewer: It'd be mounted somewhere- 596: Yes ma'am, draw knife, uh a cane knife, anything you want sharp any kind of instrument you want. that's what a grinding stone is. Interviewer: Alright did you ever hear the kind that you could carry around with you called um a wet rock or wet stick? 596: Yes that's right. Well wet rock, we always call it a wet rock just any old piece of grinding stone anything it gets broke or anything we call that a wet rock. Interviewer: Oh you'd pick that up and take it around with you if you wanted to if you wanted to?Yes, yes that's right. But you couldn't carry a grind stone? 596: No. Interviewer: {NW} Alright um there's something that you carry uh say bricks in uh that you push around has two handles and one wheel- 596: Yeah I know wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Alright and this thing parked out here is a? My- what I drove in? 596: Oh- oh you mean a car yeah. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word automobile? 596: Yes automobile, that's when they first come out you know. Interviewer: Yea but if you were just talking about it would you be more likely to say automobile or car? 596: we usually mostly say car now Interviewer: I think everybody 596: Everybody says car now. Well I remember the first day I ever saw it in my life. it was just it was just nothing like we got now. Interviewer: Mm. 596: Course I, when I come in this world it wasn't no c- such thing as a car. Interviewer: Oh no I guess not. 596: There was no such thing as a car. Interviewer: You got a pretty truck out there. 596: Yes ma'am. {X} I'd rather use a truck now to gather in the food the car cause I but all time I was picking up something, you know something like that then {X} better than a car do. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 596: Ya. Interviewer: Well there are a lot of times I think I need a truck. 596: Yes. Interviewer: This isn't mine I rented that one because my husband doesn't like me to drive all the way to Georgia yes. No. So I fly over to Jackson and then drive out there uh. Uh if my car started getting squeaky 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I might say I need to go do what to it? 596: Go ahead catch the garage, have it checked. Interviewer: Alright, and while he's there he might say it needs um you need to do what to it, you need to gre-? 596: You need to grease it uh maybe need greasing uh uh checking on it some whatever the matter'd it be. Ya Interviewer: So I left it with a mechanic and he? 596: Yea. And he and he greased it uh done something to it whatever you call it. Interviewer: And um when he got through he was so, his hands were all? 596: All gre- greased up, and something like that Interviewer: You use a kind of a, a thick 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: uh grease when you're lubricating a car but there's something thin like if your door hinge was squeaking what would you put on it? 596: Well we call that w- we call that um sometimes we call it three in one oil something like that where you, That's not uh that's just a smooth oil that is. Ya, three in one oil um, then we got a, some oil we call a {X}. {X} oil. That's {X} put on any kind of uh nuts you want uh to get it loose, it won't come loose well that- that- that uh- Interviewer: Oh yes, I seen that 596: Yes Interviewer: Back in the old days they used to just melt something they'd melt lard or something to use- 596: Yes, and all like that yeah these folks used to grease the wagon all time but- Interviewer: {X}. 596: {X} just anything {D: pine rolls or mortar} Interviewer: #1 Of really? # 596: #2 anything. # Yea Interviewer: Uh the kind of stuff they used to burn in lamps? 596: Coal oil now they call it kerosene oil, they don't it anything now much {X}. Interviewer: Did they uh ever did you ever make a lamp? I mean you- have one no- not a bought lamp but make one using coal oil or? 596: Yes ma'am, I made a {D: many of 'em}. Interviewer: How did you do that? Well I'd- I'd take a little old {X} bottle and put some oil in it and take uh {X} cloth {X} twist it good and twist it put it down i- in that oil soak in there and you- all you got those lighters 596: hold your torch at {D: this angle}. yeah, same as a lamp. Interviewer: well did you ever call it anything, what would you call it? 596: I used to call it a lamp, homemade lamp I'd call it. Interviewer: Okay. 596: Homemade lamp. Interviewer: Uh {NS} toothpaste comes in a? 596: Tubes Interviewer: If you'd just built a boat and you about to put it in the water for the first time you say you're gonna do what to it? 596: Pitch it or something like that. Interviewer: Alright or launch it? 596: It was something like that yeah. About the same thing. Interviewer: Alright what kind of boats uh do you think, uh what kind of boat would you use to go fishing in? 596: I don't know {D: my net it'd go} {X} boat {D: in order to} fishing. Interviewer: Ah 596: But but her uh I wouldn't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Alright um the kind of boat that has a pointy, what's a canoe look like? You know, have any idea about a 596: #1 No, # Interviewer: #2 canoe? # 596: no ma'am I ain't been {X} waters too much. Interviewer: Yea, I- there are a lot of these questions that maybe people who don't uh- maybe it would really apply to somebody over next to the 596: #1 That's right. That's right . Yes. # Interviewer: #2 river but over here it may not. # Alright um if you met a little boy on the street and he was afraid of you 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you might tell him you weren't gonna hurt him by saying now don't cry I, 596: Yea I ain't gonna bite, now don't cry son I ain't gonna bite I wouldn't hurt you for nothing I'd him something like that. Interviewer: That's- If a woman wants to buy a dress that's a certain color, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: When she goes to the store she might take along a little piece of cloth 596: That's right. Interviewer: That'd be um? 596: That'd be a sample of what you wanted maybe uh I guess. Interviewer: Alright, if she sees a dress that she likes very much, she might say that's what kind of dress? That sure is a? 596: A beautiful dress. Interviewer: Or a pre- 596: A pretty dress. Interviewer: {X} {NW} Are you the one who can draw the flowers? Aux: yes, ma'am. I could Interviewer: Wandering Jew look at that well, what do they call that over here Aux: yeah, yes ma'am they call it a cane Interviewer: that's what Mrs. {B} said. #1 She called it something like that # Aux: #2 yes ma'am # {X} Interviewer: and i have some, but they told me it was called Wandering Jew Aux: maybe, I mean Interviewer: it changes, you know, from one place to another. What you call some plants Aux: I just called what the, I first heard it by Interviewer: yeah, that's what what I do too but it sure is pretty Aux: thank you Interviewer: you've got a green thumb my ferns die Aux: yes I know {D:Words} but they come back out after you get warm again in the spring Interviewer: they told me mine shouldn't have any sun Aux: So this one sitting right there and it's got brown all over them {X} i think the sun was too much on it Interviewer: yeah, this hot sun, it really #1 {X} # Aux: #2 i have one on the back porch # they've been pretty too now but it was looking real quiet out here Interviewer: do you water them very often? Aux: about three times a week well Interviewer: it's outside Aux: yeah Interviewer: and it dries up pretty quickly Aux: when the inside of the house that's when it gets dead to me i just can't hardly have a look if it's inside the house {NS} put them in in the winter and they look terrible when I, once you put them out {X} Interviewer: well, you know, I can't, I can't keep anything over the winter Aux: #1 that's hard for me # Interviewer: #2 because my house is very dark # Aux: #1 my house is little and dark # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 real small # Interviewer: #2 and it, I never get enough light or I'm getting too much water or something # Aux: too much heat. there's something in the house. I don't know {X} Interviewer: yeah, I've {X} all over again Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aux: look so bad when they take them out {X} almost ashamed to put them out in the front Interviewer: the pick up again Aux: they pick up again after you get them out #1 of the house # Interviewer: #2 my God # Aux: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 there's no looking candy about that # Aux: #1 mine did that, I lost some of mine # Interviewer: #2 mine are dead # really Aux: sure did Interviewer: you know, I found out I could keep geraniums over though Aux: no {X} {NS} Interviewer: is those photinia Aux: this is photinia Interviewer: oh this is Aux: yeah, yeah, geraniums. she sent me this Interviewer: oh yeah I- I wasn't sure which one you were pointing at and I know that Aux: piece out on the back porch is a long vine that hangs down Interviewer: what's this Aux: cactu- {X} Interviewer: oh, is that a Christmas cactus Aux: yes ma'am Interviewer: oh Aux: they're a pretty thing for Christmas I put them in a dining room {X} and just let them sit inside the house there but that's be so crowded, but I put them in there cuz I don't want to lose them, you know and when Christmas come they just be so pretty Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 I bet they are # Aux: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: I've never seen one bloom #1 you haven't oo # Aux: #2 I've heard them # I have one on the back in blooming {X} Interviewer: oh really Aux: yes, big paint block Interviewer: {X} I didn't know about it Aux: {X} Interviewer: well, i guess i better get started here. Excuse my bag Aux: alright, I'm tryna {X} cuz I was in the kitchen here Interviewer: hey this is cool Aux: I was in the #1 kitchen # Interviewer: #2 feel that breeze # 596: that's nice breeze Aux: he went to the washer this morning and just got back from washing I always wait till he come back to cook him a little breakfast Interviewer: oh, have you had breakfast 596: yes, ma'am I've had #1 breakfast # Aux: #2 yes, he did # Interviewer: #1 that's good # Aux: #2 eating breakfast # #1 {X} # 596: #2 I never want no early breakfast # Aux: #1 {X] # 596: #2 {X} # Aux: sit with you {X} Interviewer: did you- did you, you said something about you used to be a farmer 596: yes ma'am, I used to be a farmer Interviewer: yeah, did you eat early breakfast then 596: yes, ma'am. I used to eat early breakfast then sometime {X} Interviewer: really 596: #1 he wouldn't want nothing to eat # Interviewer: #2 he knew you wouldn't wait, he knew you wouldn't wait for him # 596: I wouldn't wait for no breakfast Interviewer: would you come back and eat it later or 596: well, probably I would. Yeah maybe a cup of coffee or something like that Interviewer: well, I thought all farmers got up real early and ate a huge breakfast #1 {X} # 596: #2 well, no, I never could # #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 596: #1 but dinner and supper I # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} 596: #1 don't want no breakfast much, but dinner and supper # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you're just not a breakfast person #1 huh # 596: #2 yeah, no I'm not boy # Interviewer: uh, would you tell me your name please so I can have a record of it 596: yes, ma'am Hosmer {B} Hosmer, H-O-S-M-E-R Interviewer: alright 596: ain't many folks got that name Interviewer: no, i haven't heard that before I don't #1 believe # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: um, where is it somebody else that's named in your family or 596: yes ma'am. I've got a I've got a son and a gran- and a grandson named Hosmer that's the only three here Interviewer: is that right. well who were you named after 596: well, i don't know him Interviewer: but they do, it just was a name that started #1 with you # 596: #2 yes, yes ma'am, that's right # it used to be a bookkeeper in the Franklin County no in Summit {X} in Pike County Aux: {X} 596: uh, he was named Charlie {B} so my daddy named me after at least, the last part of the name Interviewer: I see. How many children were in your family when you were growing up 596: uh, my family, let's see my my parents let's see how many Aux: {X} 596: hmm? I think it was ten Aux: #1 it was then, seven boys and three girls # 596: #2 yeah # #1 yeah, that's right # Aux: #2 {X} # 596: yeah Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {NW} # 596: yeah, that's right. I forget Interviewer: um, and your address please 596: my address now? Interviewer: yes sir 596: um, Brookhaven route six {B} Interviewer: {X} 596: the latter part of my name {B} did you get that Interviewer: yes {B} 596: that's right {B} Interviewer: and this is what county 596: this is Lincoln county Interviewer: alright, and then would your your address be uh box {B} route six 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: Brookhaven 596: yes ma'am, Brookhaven Interviewer: Mississippi 596: Brookhaven, Mississippi Interviewer: alright naturally 596: that's right Interviewer: i just wanna get make sure I get #1 all of this # 596: #2 I see, yes # Interviewer: uh and where were you born 596: I was ra-I was born in Franklin County Interviewer: yes, that's what she said #1 yesterday uh # 596: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: about how far from the county line were you born 596: well, where i was born at is about ten miles from the county line that was that was Mid county and Lincoln, and Pike they all kind of connected right together and so I was in Franklin - Franklin yeah alright, I saw on the map that there's kind of a little place in Lincoln where it kinds of juts out that's right Interviewer: that i guess was where you were born 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: was it close to any community 596: well little springs old little spring little spring used to be a place well, in them days, people recognized little spring like they would Brookhaven now Interviewer: really 596: everybody in that community come to little spring yeah it was just a big, it was just a big store there and a sawmill and that's about Aux: post office too 596: post office Aux: mm-hmm 596: while everybody go to little spring, little spring and so easily recognized like Brookhaven is now Interviewer: wow 596: seem to me like big community Interviewer: well then, where did you, you said you were born there. Then where did you move after that 596: well I {X} come this way until I got to Lincoln county yes Interviewer: did you um move um. I mean back how old were you when you started moving away from that area 596: well, back when I left there I was thirty-five years old when I left out of Franklin coming out, I was thirty-five years old by the time I got to Lincoln, yeah Interviewer: I see, you said you started moving this way 596: yes, my {X} I was moving back in in the community, back and forth {X} got on out in there Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh Mrs. {B} said something about that you were you lived pretty close to the county line there for a while she said like three or four miles from the county line or something like that 596: yes, that's when I was in Aux: in franklin 596: in franklin county, yeah Interviewer: I see, is this when you grew up as a child 596: yes ma'am, that's, I started in Franklin county Interviewer: okay 596: yeah, started out in Franklin county yeah Interviewer: alright, then when you got in Lincoln county, where did you live in Lincoln county when you were thirty-five 596: I was living in the community, what do you call uh uh, Arlington Interviewer: yes 596: Arlington community yeah Interviewer: that's over near Bogue Chitto 596: yes, ma'am that's right Interviewer: right, oh 596: that's right Interviewer: and then how old were you when you came to this area 596: I mean uh {X} Interviewer: well I guess what I'm asking is, how long have you lived right here 596: about twenty-six years yeah, twenty-six Interviewer: where did where did you live when you were farming 596: well I farmed since I've been here when I farm, come as a farmer when I when I left for Franklin county then i come to to Lincoln county as a farmer then I {X} uh about eight or ten years ago I quit trying to farm {X} Interviewer: um 596: I quit trying to farm Interviewer: do you do anything now 596: well yes I do a little a little ol' patch farming and gardening such as that, raise vegetables like that Interviewer: mm 596: yeah Interviewer: that sort of thing, that helps now too 596: yes {X} Interviewer: oh yeah, you know a lot of people in Georgia are starting to dig up the backyards #1 and plant things # 596: #2 oh yeah that's right # Interviewer: i have three tomato plants, ain't that grand 596: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: I've got chickens, i can't cook nothing in my backyard Interviewer: oh i guess not Aux: we got chickens 596: well, I, we used to just raise all any on a farm, just buy- see an advertisement in the paper of something and I wanted you, I just harvested that seed in them maybe and just try it out I remember I had some tomatoes, you know it's called oxheart tomato while they'd, all they'd get that big right, you know tomatoes Interviewer: they good? 596: yeah, they were good, they were all right Interviewer: uh, let's see and would you tell me your age please 596: my age now if I love to see one month tomorrow I'll be seventy-eight Interviewer: oh really 596: yes Interviewer: my goodness 596: first day of October, I was born eighteen-ninety-five Interviewer: my goodness, you don't look seventy-eight you shouldn't tell anybody you're seventy-eight {NW} and uh have you ever done any kind of work other than farming 596: yes, ma'am I've done some public work long by chances {X} Interviewer: some what, I'm sorry I didn't hear 596: I said I've done some public work, let's get on the railroad like that Interviewer: oh 596: yes, a little bit yeah some Interviewer: what did you, what kind of work did you do on the railroad 596: well I have to do a I was working on a steel game, kind of on steel Interviewer: oh, laying track 596: yes, laying track, yeah laying track yeah Interviewer: I see 596: and I done work as a helper for brick masons I don't like that, I don't like that building like that Interviewer: did you ever uh. I know that this was a lumber country Did you ever work in a saw mill at all 596: no, not much. I didn't work much in a saw mill Interviewer: I see 596: not much I worked in a saw mill Interviewer: and uh what religion are you 596: Baptist, Missionary Baptist Interviewer: alright and uh did you attend school in Franklin County 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: uh what school did you go to 596: uh i forget the name of the little school we had Interviewer: right 596: well little springs yeah {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm 596: yeah yeah, that's right a little springs it was called Interviewer: alright, and how far did you get in school 596: oh about eighth grade to {X} I didn't get very far Interviewer: alright and um, let's see, do you belong to any clubs or any #1 organizations # 596: #2 yes yes and that's right # Interviewer: what what sort of clubs do you #1 belong to # 596: #2 I've gone to Masonic # Interviewer: #1 are you # 596: #2 yeah yeah Masonic yeah # Interviewer: my father was a Mason 596: i see, yeah Interviewer: alright, anything else you belong to 596: well no I'm not Interviewer: alright that's fine uh, we're just tryna get a picture of of you as a person. that's what we're doing 596: wha-wha-what you say Aux: {X} 596: oh yeah yeah well yeah that's right {X} yeah I'm a member of of them Interviewer: oh, alright, what about your parents. uh do you know where your mother was born 596: yes, but she was born in Franklin county Interviewer: alright and your father 596: he was born in franklin Interviewer: alright, and your mo- do you know anything about your mother's education do you know how far she went in school 596: no, I just don't know Interviewer: #1 or your father # 596: #2 but she but # no, I don't know but then but they both could, they both could read, write, and do anything that I can my bible was uh, I mean to say my father was a good bible scholar Interviewer: was he 596: he was a real bible scholar but now, I don't, I don't know how anything {X} he could do it himself. he didn't have to have to get nobody else to do it so I don't know how far, what grade #1 he got to # Interviewer: #2 alright, that's fine # what is that I just heard out there 596: that's a mule out there Interviewer: that's what I thought 596: {NW} Interviewer: #1 I haven't seen a mule since I was a child # 596: #2 {NW} # [NW} well, that's one out there Interviewer: she have a name 596: no, that mule ain't got #1 no name # Aux: #2 she's just a mule # 596: #1 just a mule # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # i thought that's what I heard uh, what kind, what sort of work did your father do 596: well, he farmed {X} i Know he farmed all his life Interviewer: alright, do you ever do, you mentioned he was bible scholar. Did he ever do any preaching 596: no, he didn't preach, but he was a teacher. you know #1 teacher # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 596: that's right Aux: oh my, do y'all mind me putting in {X} 596: that's all right i forget Aux: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Mr {B} Aux: he's supposed to get some {X} Interviewer: he can repeat so I'll get in on the tape #1 because I don't think I'll pick you up # Aux: #2 {X} # tryna get things to remember things. If I'm- if I'm interrupting Interviewer: no, not at all #1 not all # 596: #2 no that's fine # Interviewer: just cause my back's to you Aux: your father was a deacon of the church 596: oh yeah, he was a deacon. He was a deacon Aux: just like you are now 596: yeah, that's right mm-hmm Interviewer: are you a deacon of #1 the church # 596: #2 yes ma'am that's right # Interviewer: wonderful 596: that's right yeah all #1 works like that I'm I'm in it # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that's fine that's fine uh where is the church that you go to where is it located 596: right over between in town in town eighty years {D: Shent Marks} I imagined you passed it just coming out here this morning Interviewer: I might've 596: and to the right Interviewer: I'll look as I go back, I really don't know 596: yeah Interviewer: I'm usually looking for where I'm going and I 596: I see Interviewer: I don't look at the landmarks 596: yeah Interviewer: I know where Jones is 596: well this church is above Jones and Marks to the right, just in between in town just above Jones and Mark Interviewer: I'll look 596: yes Interviewer: I'll look 596: to the right Interviewer: uh, do you know anything oh and your mother, did she do any sort of work outside the home 596: no, no, not outside the home Interviewer: alright, did she do any day work or anything of that sort 596: no morning on the farm {X} Interviewer: alright, do you know anything at all about your grandparents 596: no, well I know my mother, my mother's father uh, grandparent. I know him. I remember him. I used to go to his house when I was a little, just a little kid yeah Interviewer: do you know anything about where he was born or what he did for a living 596: well, I know he was born in Franklin county he's old home place was called old St. Luke but that's over there now on Mississippi central railroad over there in Mc-what's called McColls this little place called McColl, but he was born there that was his home right in there {NS} he stayed there until back in them days had called white caps see the white caps run them, run all the colored people out from that part of the country Interviewer: what were white caps. I haven't heard that before 596: well, that's that's some sort like the Ku Klux Interviewer: oh really 596: yeah, like whi- in them days we called white caps so they'd come in the community after you know and give maybe the colored people orders, give them time to, we want you to be vacated from this place in a certain length of time, if you don't, we gone come back and see why you ain't gone well, that's right, we could do that and so and so if we hadn't gone when they come back wild, they'd come in they'd they'd put you away in there Interviewer: #1 oh # 596: #2 put you away # shoot in your house, shoot you too {X} hadn't got out when they by that specified time Interviewer: oh 596: yeah Interviewer: does the Ku Klux do much around here now 596: no, we don't hear about them very much Interviewer: you don't hear anything #1 about them # 596: #2 we don't hear very much # {X} Interviewer: we don't in Georgia anymore either 596: no, no we don't hear no Ku Klux {X} but back in them days what you call white caps now they was rough Interviewer: now they weren't the Ku Klux 596: no Interviewer: they were another organization 596: yes most of them are Interviewer: another group of people 596: yes, most of them are Interviewer: well I hadn't run across that before, that's interesting 596: well, I was about seven years old when that happened of course my father, they didn't run him out, they told him yes {X} he be quiet, he wouldn't be bothered if he didn't be out talking so much, saying something about you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 596: they didn't bother him, sure enough see they had white caps, they had captains you know and, what they go by, leading you know Interviewer: uh, you uh, you just talked about they had captains 596: yeah Interviewer: and that reminded me, do you remember a time when uh well see I guess maybe black men would address their employer as captain 596: yeah Interviewer: or captain or something like that 596: yes, ma'am and uh it's like now there's a group of men uh i don't know how many it be in a squad but be warned that's their captain, that's the lead arrest them, tell them what to do Interviewer: I'm sick uh, let's see. I need to ask something about Mrs. {B} do you mind my asking how old Mrs. {B} is 596: yeah, you should go ahead and ask, yes Interviewer: alright, you, let her say it and you say it so #1 I can get it # 596: #2 yes ma'am, yes ma'am # Aux: I'm seventy-three 596: she's seventy-three Interviewer: seventy-three 596: seventy-three Interviewer: and what's her religion 596: Baptist Interviewer: alright and uh how far did Mrs. {B} go in school Aux: eighth grade 596: eighth grade she said Interviewer: alright and do you belong, does Mrs. {B} belong to any organizations? 596: yes {NS} Interviewer: what does she belong to 596: uh Aux: Heroines of Jericho 596: Heroines Heroines of Jericho Interviewer: alright is this a religious 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: organization 596: yes a religious organization Interviewer: alright, and does she, do you know anything about where Mrs. {B} parents came from 596: well now her Aux: lived in Franklin 596: her, well uh her parents Aux: and and my mother was in Lincoln county 596: yeah her mother her mother was born in Lincoln this county, way years back in this county Aux: and they married 596: and her her father was he born in Aux: he was born in franklin 596: Franklin? Aux: mm 596: yeah mm-hmm Interviewer: how long have you all been married 596: me me and her? Interviewer: uh-huh 596: fifty-five years Interviewer: i thought maybe, that's why i asked {NW} that's a long time 596: that's a long Interviewer: for two people #1 to live together # 596: #2 that's the truth, that's right # and some, and we never we never did fight, never did quit cause one going ain't coming back and all that. we we ain't never did do that Interviewer: oh, that's beautiful 596: that's right Interviewer: oh that's terrific how many children do you two have 596: we have seven children was it seven seven children Aux: lost two, we got five 596: we got five Interviewer: oh, that's beautiful where do your children live, do they, any of them live in this area 596: uh Aux: three 596: three of them do two boys, one girl live in this area yeah Aux: the other two live in Interviewer: where do the others live 596: live in Natchez, yeah Natchez, Mississippi Interviewer: I've worked in Natchez 596: #1 sure enough sure enough # Interviewer: #2 that's a beautiful little thing isn't it # 596: yeah, thats right Interviewer: do you ever get to go visit them 596: once in a while you visit them, but not as often. i ought to but still you can visit them once in a while but they come too themselves {X} Interviewer: do they 596: yeah Interviewer: what about uh any other traveling. how much traveling have you done? any? 596: no, i ain't done much traveling Interviewer: you gotta stay close to home and farm 596: yes, i haven't done much traveling Interviewer: alright, uh we're talking about the house where you were born 596: yeah Interviewer: do you remember what it looked like, how it was laid out on in the inside 596: well, I'll tell you the house I was born in, it was a little, log house just a little old peel- you know take pole, take log and peel them you know, peel the bark all off and stack them notch them, stack them well, I-I it was a log house where i was born in and I stayed in that little log house I reckon about uh, I was three or four years old and then and they built a box house right in front of the log house and I lived in that box house there until I was twelve years old Interviewer: now this this house, the log house, was it one room or how many rooms did it have 596: I- it didn't have but one room it didn't have one room and a and a kitchen we had little log kitchen and it was out on the had to go out out of the house and walk on the ground out to the kitchen Interviewer: it was out in the yard 596: out in the yard that's right Interviewer: do you ever call it anything, just the kitchen or did they ever call it a summer kitchen 596: well, i don't know {X} #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: and did you still use that kitchen when they built the box house 596: no, they built another kitchen over there good little old box kitchen but it didn't join to the house Interviewer: it didn't join #1 either # 596: #2 no # had it sitting off, got a walk on a walk going out to the kitchen Interviewer: was the walk covered in any way 596: no Interviewer: just little walkway 596: when it rained you had to put something on your head and run out there Interviewer: {NW} where did you eat then, in the kitchen? #1 or in the house # 596: #2 yes ma'am in the kitchen, in the kitchen, that's right # Interviewer: alright, talking about this um box house 596: yeah Interviewer: okay, suppose I I drew a little square 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: can you show me where the rooms were 596: well Interviewer: the kitchen was over here somewhere 596: yes, ma'am, that's right Interviewer: okay, can you show me how many rooms were there 596: well, the house didn't have but two rooms, maybe one room, one large room and the other one kind of a smaller room Interviewer: uh, kind of like this 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: okay and what was this room called 596: well, I don't know, bedroom I reckon Interviewer: it was it was where you slept #1 though # 596: #2 yes, yes # Interviewer: alright, and what about this one, what did you 596: well, we had a bed in that, they had a bed in that, and then everything else we had was it's round about in the rooms, you know just round about in there Interviewer: okay, so it was pretty much a two bedroom 596: then finally, they built a uh porch out there Interviewer: which side was the porch on. this 596: it was on the front side yes Interviewer: and this is the front #1 side # 596: #2 yeah, mm-hmm # {X} and then put little room on the porch, cut off Interviewer: uh, like over here 596: yes, ma'am Interviewer: and what was that room for 596: well, that's you put a, we boys they put us in that room Interviewer: oh, so it became a bedroom #1 too # 596: #2 yes, ma'am, that's right # Interviewer: okay, and how would you uh, where was the front door, right into this #1 bedroom # 596: #2 yes, yes ma'am that's right # that's right Interviewer: okay, if you had company where would they sit 596: well, I mean, where did they si- Interviewer: yeah where. You know which room would you have your company come to 596: {X} it'd be in the large room Interviewer: the large room okay, um, did you do you have a porch off the back or anything 596: no, we didn't have no porch Interviewer: didn't have a back porch 596: no, we had a little kitchen set behind, right behind that that little room there Interviewer: oh, the kitchen would be over here 596: yes Interviewer: I see 596: of course you had to Interviewer: but farther away I see 596: farther away Interviewer: like over here 596: yeah Interviewer: and then there'd be a walkway 596: that's right Interviewer: this way 596: that's right yeah Interviewer: okay, did you ever know of a house in where they had the front porch and they had something over to the side of the porch where people came in and watched where they keep water 596: yes, yes Interviewer: what was that 596: uh. Addison, my father, the last home he he lived in before he died, well that's the kind of house he was in Interviewer: was it 596: {X} we called it a {X} we called it a watershed with a copper lattice made across you know Interviewer: uh-huh 596: and protect it around here Interviewer: yeah, do you know I ran across that the very first time in this area 596: sure enough Interviewer: and I'm asking everybody about it cause I had never heard of it on a house 596: sure enough Interviewer: that's the kind of thing I'm #1 interested in finding out # 596: #2 yeah # now, {X} i had those things set right between like the kitchen off from the house to pee Interviewer: mm-hmm 596: and that set off, that right between the house and the kitchen where that little where we kept the water Interviewer: alright, now was it built separate from the house or was it attached to the house 596: no {X} built separate from the house Interviewer: it was built separate #1 from the house # 596: #2 separate from the house # Interviewer: like a little shed or 596: yes, something like that it wasn't very tall you know but it it's kind of uh Interviewer: you couldn't walk into it? 596: no, you'd walk up to it Interviewer: up to it and it be #1 kind of like # 596: #2 so so like that little # {X} Interviewer: I see, but it had a roof on it 596: yes ma'am, that's right, sure did Interviewer: hmm, that's interesting I hadn't heard that and what would you usually find in there 596: well, it just be your water buckets and your pan, what you bathe your face and hands you sitting in there that's about all it would be in there, just that it wouldn't be no more off from that post after that Interviewer: oh, would you um have something there to drive in with or dry your hards of 596: yes ma'am, that's right, they'd, they'd have it hanging on the wall, maybe a towel hanging on the wall back there Interviewer: and soap or anything like that 596: oh, that's right, have a little old, what you call it, soap box Interviewer: a soap box 596: yeah, put your soap in there Interviewer: ah 596: yeah Interviewer: um, I forgot to ask one thing about this the house, the way way the house was, how was it heated 596: why I just, we just nothing but just a fireplace we call wood it's wood and and have a chimney uh, chimney, you've seen chimney Interviewer: yes 596: yeah, in them days it was day chimney back in them days, some of them was day chimney and if if you didn't have no brick, well they didn't worry about no brick just go out there and make a frame, stack up like like you building a little house {X} mud all the way up way up there Interviewer: well, which room was the fireplace in, the big bedroom 596: yes, that's where the fireplace would be Interviewer: okay, would it have been this is the front porch, can you see what I'm drawing on that this is the porch 596: yes Interviewer: would it have been back here #1 or over there # 596: #2 yes, it # it it it'd be back here Interviewer: it'd been back here 596: that's right that's right Interviewer: alright 596: that's right Interviewer: did you ever have to build a fire 596: oh yes ma'am, i used to build a fire Interviewer: how do you go about building a fire in a fire place 596: well, you go out and get some splinters we we caught all the splinters you know Interviewer: {NW} 596: yeah, pines is made out of pine you know Interviewer: uh-huh 596: and we split them up kind of fine stick a match to them and {X} put them down and begin to add more wood to them Interviewer: was there a big piece of wood that you 596: no, we started with little wood, small wood till it get it fire started, then you get your big wood to begin to put on in there Interviewer: I wondered if there was a, you know, sometimes they would have a great, big log they'd put in the back of the fireplace 596: well, I Interviewer: called it a back log 596: that's what they called a back log yeah that'd be a bigger stick of wood than the rest of it you know the biggest you put on the back and build a fire right in front of that and then you add to it, just add to it so Interviewer: uh 596: you get through, you had a good fire Interviewer: I'd imagine #1 so # 596: #2 you'd be warm # you could've been way back warm Interviewer: uh, what did they put the wood on to hold it in the fireplace 596: it was, what you call a dog iron yes, it is iron on each side like that what you call a dog iron, but when they didn't have no dog iron why they'd get old thimble out of a wagon, old fashioned wagon old thimble what you call a thimble with the wheel roll on Interviewer: mm-hmm 596: they'd take that, put that on each side there, make make five dogs we carved them out of them old thimbles, come out a wagon yeah Interviewer: I'll be 596: that's what they have Interviewer: the dog irons that would be the bulk kind 596: yes ma'am they'd be the bulk kind Interviewer: would you call, ever call that fire dogs if they were bought 596: well, if you could, some folks #1 made them # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 596: some folks used to take a blacksmith to make them, you know, just make them and {X} we call them dog irons, fire dogs are what we call them Interviewer: how about that 596: yeah {NS} Interviewer: uh, there's a open place wasn't there in front of the fireplace on the floor 596: yes, ma'am that's called a hearth yeah Interviewer: did they cook on that or 596: no, they didn't cook on it when people used to have to cook on the fireplace why they, that hearth was good for them to set the vessels on you know like that while it was cooking yeah, but after you got where they got them s- you'd get stoves while they didn't have to use, cook them Interviewer: what did your mother cook on 596: she cooked on the stove Interviewer: you all had the stove 596: yes, yes she did Interviewer: so she didn't have cook #1 anything # 596: #2 no # she didn't cook on the fire not as I can remember, I don't remember when she cooked on the fireplace she always cooked on the stove ever since I knew anything about it Interviewer: alright, and sometimes there's a piece of wood up on the fireplace, on the brick fireplaces where people set a cloth 596: yes, ma'am, yes ma'am we always called it the shelf, we called them shelves Interviewer: uh-huh 596: yeah but that's a mantelpiece, nowadays that's the mantelpiece Interviewer: uh, up in the chimney after you've been using the fireplace for a while, you get some black stuff 596: that's smut, yes Interviewer: alright 596: soot Interviewer: alright 596: we call it smut, but it's soot Interviewer: {NW} Aux: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: alright, go ahead um and after your wood is uh burned out you'll have some stuff left in the fireplace 596: yes ma'am, ashes Interviewer: alright, and this is kind of one of those questions that's gonna seem obvious, but what am I sitting in 596: chair yeah Interviewer: alright uh there's another piece of furniture, we're gonna talk about furniture that you might find in houses then and now 596: yeah Interviewer: there's another piece of furniture, not a chair, but it's a longer piece that maybe two or three people can sit on 596: bench, something like that Interviewer: well, um, you might have one in your front room now uh, has some cushions on it 596: oh, a sofa Interviewer: okay, anything else you call that maybe a long time ago or something 596: I didn't have nothing like that much then way back then Interviewer: no, i guess not 596: no, they didn't, they weren't able to get nothing like that Interviewer: okay, so is it the same as a couch 596: yeah Interviewer: a sofa the same #1 as a coach # 596: #2 yes ma'am, same thing as a couch # Interviewer: have you ever heard those called a duvet 596: yes ma'am I've heard of them, I sure have Interviewer: what is that the same thing I ran across that the first time up near Jackson and I don't really understand if that was a brand name or if it was looked different or what 596: well, I don't I don't know, I thought just about the same thing, I don't Interviewer: okay, just another name #1 for it # 596: #2 yes, yes # Interviewer: okay, that's what I was wondering uh, sometimes you have a piece of furniture in your bedroom that you put your clothes in 596: yeah mm-hmm well that's a wash den I reckon Aux: wide rule 596: wide rule, wide rule Interviewer: well, that's the kind that uh stands up isn't it #1 yours # 596: #2 yes that's # yeah, wide rule Interviewer: alright, suppose you have something that has drawers in it 596: well, I, we call, we used to call them dressers such as that dresser Interviewer: okay 596: a bureau Interviewer: a dresser and bureau the same thing? 596: no, not exactly. no not exactly {X} but they ain't exactly the same thing Interviewer: uh, does one of them have a mirror and the other one doesn't 596: well, they both, the both of them have mirrors Interviewer: they both have mirrors 596: yes yeah Interviewer: okay do you have any idea what the difference is between them 596: no, ma'am, I don't know why they call one a dresser and the other #1 a bureau # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # that's what I was #1 wondering too # 596: #2 I don't know, I don't know why they call it a different one # Interviewer: alright, good, um, the things that hang in a window to keep out the light 596: uh, shades you mean Interviewer: alright, now are shades the kind you pull up and down 596: yes ma'am, yes Interviewer: alright, what would these you have here be on your Aux: blind 596: a blind yes Interviewer: alright, and they are the tilting 596: yes Interviewer: kind 596: that's right Interviewer: alright, um, when you're talking about your fur- your um tables and your chairs and everything you say, they're all pieces of fur- they're all pieces of furni- 596: yes, ma'am, that's right Interviewer: pieces of what would you say 596: furniture Interviewer: alright 596: yes Interviewer: uh, if you have a little room built off your bedroom, you know in the old days people had wardrobes 596: yeah Interviewer: certain dressers, but now we might have a place where you hang up your clothes a little little room 596: that's right, in a closet Interviewer: alright the room at the top of a house um between the ceiling and the roof uh, you know if you have a one story house then you've got a space between the ceiling and the roof that would be the what 596: uh {X} Interviewer: okay, uh, in in this house maybe, you know you have a ceiling 596: yeah Interviewer: in there, alright, isn't there a space betwee-up-up above it 596: yes Interviewer: alright, what would you call that #1 space # 596: #2 well, we used to call it a-a-a # in our days, we called that up in the loft Interviewer: uh=huh 596: the loft, we'd call it up in the loft of course now if it's a {D: anoth- another uh} if somebody somebody lived there we called it {X} another room or storing we'd see Interviewer: right, but if nobody lived up there it'd be a loft 596: that's right Interviewer: would you call it anything different now 596: no, well I don't know {X} Interviewer: I heard Mrs. {B} say attic, would you say attic now or loft Aux: normally have up in, up overhead is if you store away things 596: well probably so I don't know Interviewer: alright Aux: {X} Interviewer: that's just fine and how would you get, if you had a two-story house, how would you get from the first floor up to the second floor 596: well, we have a stairway Interviewer: alright and to get from the ground up on the porch, you come up the what 596: steps Interviewer: alright, there's little room off the kitchen now they may've had them in the old days where you stored things like flowers 596: yes ma'am mm-hmm we call in the old days, called the store room Interviewer: store room 596: yes Interviewer: was it in the kitchen, I mean was it off the kitchen 596: no, it'd be, it kind of be uh it wouldn't be in the kitchen, it'd be kind of uh just like before you go into the kitchen where ours was, before we went in the kitchen there's a little room on the side Interviewer: built on to it sort of 596: yes, yes Interviewer: and what sorts of things would you keep in there 596: well, such as {X} and your flower, once you have such as that and cooking utensils or something like that Interviewer: okay, did you ever hear that called a dairy or pantry 596: yes Interviewer: which which one or both {NW} 596: well, I don't know uh dairy, that was before people uh that thing like you got it now it used to have when they built them out and out in the yard, out there on the shade tree cause it didn't have no electricity, nothing like that and, a maybe a good shade tree they'd build that little old that old building they build out there where it could keep cool it could, yeah it could it'd put your milk and stuff in there, store it away in there through the day but, then you fix something around on the ground, around there to keep it anxious {X} Interviewer: oh really 596: yeah, Interviewer: would ya, I haven't heard of that. what would you fix around on the ground 596: well, it would, maybe you put uh maybe a a tin lid, or probably a little old box of some kind with a whole water and sit the legs of it over in the air Aux: {X} 596: pour the water in and around {X} you know you wouldn't Interviewer: oh, I hadn't heard of that before 596: that's right Interviewer: that's clever, did it do the job 596: yes ma'am, maybe {X} maybe I ain't see learned sometimes how to swim {X} {NW} Interviewer: I hear they have fire ants around here 596: well they got plenty around here, ooh, they're rough Interviewer: mm 596: now, we got fire ants yeah Interviewer: mm 596: yeah Interviewer: um, this dairy though would not be the same as the store room 596: no ma'am, Interviewer: it would be built diff- at a different place #1 for a different thing # 596: #2 yes different, that's right # Interviewer: what do you call a lot of old worthless things that you really oughta throw away 596: I call that junk Interviewer: {NW} and where would you keep your junk 596: well, just put it out somewhere just until you can get rid of it Interviewer: would you ever have a shed or something 596: well Interviewer: would you ever have a room where you put it all 596: well, yes, sometimes we do have a room where you put stuff in you store it or throw it away maybe right then but you just throw it away until you make other arrangements {X} Interviewer: would you ever call that a a junk house 596: yes, that's my junk room, a little room for junk yes Interviewer: uh, every morning, just thinking of the work that a woman does every morning you'd say around the house, you'd say every morning she gets up and she does what to the house 596: well, she would sweep it up {X} the best she can, sweep it up and make up the beds maybe sometimes they'll cook breakfast before they make up the beds and all like that Interviewer: okay, thinking of all that, would you say that she cleans up or 596: yes, Imma say cleans up, cleans up before everything {X} Interviewer: alright, and what would she sweep the floor with 596: broom yes, in the you know, that way people start off with brooms but nowadays they got something else nowadays vacuum cleaners and all like that or we use a broom yet here, we use brooms Interviewer: if you had a broom and you-you were, you know maybe you wanted to keep it out of sight 596: yeah Interviewer: you had door, you know how you pull a door open and kind of leave it pushed open 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: you put the ro-broom 596: broom behind the door Interviewer: right 596: that's right Interviewer: uh, years ago on Monday, what did women usually do 596: well, that's sort of hard to tell Interviewer: was that the day they did their wash 596: no, back in them days people had to {X} Interviewer: oh #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: oh, okay 596: {NW} they didn't wash it, they didn't wash that latter part of the week Interviewer: uh, what day did you usually wash then 596: well about Friday Interviewer: really? 596: yeah but on a Friday, and sometimes when uh work push it up real and really well, now of course I never was hard on my folks either way, I didn't do that it's been washed till Saturday morning, but no I didn't do that. My wife always washed on Sat- on a Friday or any day she wanted to wash, she said {X} boy she'd wash that thing Aux: {NW} 596: i wouldn't always like that, I didn't {X} Interviewer: oh what uh after a woman does the washing, then she has to do the what 596: {X} Interviewer: yeah, would they do that on the same day #1 usually or not # 596: #2 well if the clothes dried # {X} but sometimes the clothes wouldn't be dry {X} Interviewer: mm uh do you own this land around here 596: no, i leased it Interviewer: you leased it, and then when you were farming, I'm I'm trying to get a picture of how, you know, farming was 596: yes Interviewer: did uh, then a black man would lease land to farm on 596: yes ma'am that's right Interviewer: I see 596: yes, that's right Interviewer: uh 596: he'd have his own tools and everything, stock, I mean the animals, his ply tools, his wagon, all like that and so he was own manager then Interviewer: i see, so you always leased your farms 596: yes ma'am, I'd always been my own man {X} Interviewer: yeah, that's what I was driving at if if you worked on chairs at what you do 596: I never worked on chairs Interviewer: then what of the lease arrangement you would have would be you would pay a certain amount and it didn't have anything to do with how much you grew 596: no, no ma'am, that's right Interviewer: I see alright, uh, can we talked a minute ago about porches 596: yes Interviewer: can you have a porch on a second floor of a building 596: yes, ma'am, you can have a porch on a second floor Interviewer: would you call it anything other than a porch 596: uh, well I don't know what would or not Interviewer: do you remember what a law, a old word people used for porch 596: what's that Interviewer: gallery 596: gallery, that's right, yeah gallery Interviewer: it it, did a gallery look different than a porch 596: no, that's the same thing Interviewer: same thing 596: that's the same thing Interviewer: this could be a gallery 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: to to an old #1 {X} # 596: #2 that's right, that's right # Interviewer: alright if a door is open and you want someone to close it, you might tell them to what 596: shut the door, close the door Interviewer: {NW} alright 596: {NW} Interviewer: uh, sometime you'll build a house and you'll have some boards on the outside of the house that kind of lap over #1 {X} # 596: #2 yes, yes ma'am # Interviewer: those are are, are what, do you have a name for those 596: on the eve of the house Interviewer: on the out- on the sides 596: on the side Interviewer: on the outside 596: let's see what you mean {X} that's called weather board Interviewer: that's what I'm thinking of 596: yeah, weather board, that's right, weather board Interviewer: alright um, and the part that covers the top of the house is the {NS} 596: {D: yes ma'am, shingles} Interviewer: or, and it makes up the what the roof 596: yes, makes the roof Interviewer: alright, when you're building a roof that's like this 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: you have a piece that goes across the top 596: that's right yeah Interviewer: do that have a name 596: well, we uh call it a saddle board, we we call it the saddle board that make them {X} they fit over the top, shed the water each way, oh that's saddle board we can call it yeah Interviewer: would that be on a shingle roof as well as a {X} 596: well, yes as well as Interviewer: on any roof at the top 596: if you, if that is if you go back way back and then people use to lift the boards {X} like that like here the first come up then the {X} like that but now when it got where they cut these off like that then I can use a saddle board Interviewer: oh so when they they used to lift one side it steamed out 596: {X} Interviewer: yeah and then when they started cutting them both off at the same place they had to use the #1 saddle board # 596: #2 use the saddle board then # Interviewer: what would the saddle board be 596: made out of shingle roof well made out of plank or lumber of some kind where it wouldn't rot, hard lumber, something you'd last a long time when you put up there wouldn't build it out of sap lumber because it would rot too quick Interviewer: well what's hard lumber, what kind 596: well, I I , that's pine you see that's the inside of pine, some pine got a big heart in them Interviewer: mm-hmm 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: oh, it's heart lumber 596: yes heart lumber Interviewer: oh, i follow, i follow what you're saying then that would be pine, the inside of a #1 pine # 596: #2 inside of a pine # {X} big hear in it that won't rot, that'll last but like a a cypress or something like that you know uh, fir wood or something like that but just a heart of a pine inside that's what you use this part of the country all the time Interviewer: i hadn't heard that either 596: sure enough Interviewer: yeah, you're giving me a lot of stuff I hadn't heard before 596: {NW} Interviewer: uh, what do you call uh the little things along the edge of a roof that carry the water you know the water will come down, hit the roof, and then it'll run into what, the little 596: we call them gutters in them days but this is trough what they is Interviewer: oh, well they say troughs now 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: then the water comes down the troughs 596: valley, valley, quick between there two rooms you always come out, water come out between, that's a valley Interviewer: that's the valley 596: yeah that's the valley Interviewer: and it comes down the valley and then to the troughs and the gutter 596: that's right Interviewer: and then what about the part that goes down to the ground 596: well, I don't know Interviewer: would that still be part of the troughs or 596: yes ma'am, where it just pools off at Interviewer: alright uh, what would you call a little building that you use to store wood 596: well we always called it the wood house or we would call it Interviewer: alright, what about a place where you store tools 596: well that's a tool shed, toolhouse Interviewer: okay, is there uh, would a shed be different from a house 596: no, just since you build a little old , little old building closed all around, just some, you have somewhere to go ahead and put the tools in that's all Interviewer: I see, it would, a shed wouldn't necessarily have to be built on to something 596: no, no Interviewer: it could be built out of way 596: that's right yes Interviewer: {D: alright now back in the old days when they had the the days of the water shelf, I know they didn't have any inside plumbing} 596: no Interviewer: so where, what did you call the the place where people went instead of to a bathroom 596: uh, well they called it a called it I-I {X} outdoor Interviewer: yeah, now, I know one man told me over near Jackson, he said lady that's called a tree 596: yeah Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and I I assumed that originally it was the [X} 596: yes Interviewer: you know, but then they built, started building little things 596: {X} we call them toilets, we call them outdoor toilets yeah Interviewer: alright, did they ever have any joking names they used about it that you can remember 596: no Interviewer: like a johnny house 596: johnny house, that's right, that's right, johnny house that's Interviewer: you remember now 596: old folks call them so many different things you know Interviewer: well they had a lot of names [X} so did you ever hear said, hear them call a chick sail 596: no Interviewer: now I ran across that once, it might've just been a family 596: yeah, mm-hmm Interviewer: okay, um, someone might ask you did you {X} did you, just fill in what you think, did you hear hear 596: ma'am Interviewer: did uh, someone might ask you did you hear that noise, did you what would you say, did you hear, would you say did you hear that 596: I'd say, well sir did you hear that you just say, I say I did, if I did, if i heard it I say I heard it Interviewer: okay, that's fine that's exactly i have a few little expressions like that that are kind of hard to get 596: yes Interviewer: {NW} in a question form alright, you might say here that you lived in a frame 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: how 596: yes ma'am in a frame house, a frame building either way Interviewer: alright, and if you had uh are there any other kinds around here 596: you mean around Interviewer: yeah, what kinds of houses are around here other than frame houses 596: well, there are brick buildings and all like that and yeah frame house box house, we'd call them well i don't know what Interviewer: okay that's fine uh the big building behind the house where you store hay 596: yes that's right that's a barn Interviewer: alright uh is there a special building on a farm where you store corn 596: that's, we call that the crib Interviewer: was it a part of the barn or separate 596: well, would it be best for it to be separate but we all would use it use it there maybe uh use the same thing yeah Interviewer: oh, but you, it would be part of the barn 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: and you're 596: that's right yeah Interviewer: alright was there any kind of special building where you stored grain or would it just be in the barn 596: well, that'd be the same place as a barn yeah Interviewer: alright, the upper part of the barn where you stored hay 596: yeah, we called that up in up in the loft Interviewer: alright was it uh, what did it look like 596: well, it's like your, like your barn built with, like that with a roof like that well you got a get above so where you got a floor in it you see and maybe your hay go up in the upper part of that when you yeah Interviewer: and did it have openings at each end or one end 596: well, each end they have openings or you could close them, the openings, of course you could uh you could find a closing though if the only way you could close it but it would have a opening so you could put your hay in each end of it Interviewer: and were there, was it more than one room or 596: no, not hardly, unless you just wanted some little more a little rooms down at the big barn you could have some more of that room down there where your, by your {X} we call your crib and where you put other stuff in under the same shed you might well see Interviewer: okay, uh if you get too much hay gathered to get in the barn uh how you would you keep it outside 596: well in our old days back then we used to take a, maybe put up a pole way up there if you didn't want to put it around the tree we stack it just pack it around, start packing it packing it packing it pack it way up on the side of that tree and Interviewer: you'd call that a what 596: uh, I know we called it a hay shock, what we call shock of hay Interviewer: okay 596: and it'll stay right there just loaded in one of the barns {X} water, it wouldn't get wet in the b-b-barn because we'd fix it to a water but shed off when the rain on it Interviewer: would you cover it in any way 596: no Interviewer: just seems like to me that they would've, it would've gotten soaking wet 596: no, it wouldn't get wet if your feet can get up the top while you running up the sharp like that and something like that and it kind of, put a what you call, a cap on it it would hay and shed the water off at all times see the cattle begin to eat that {X} slide down the pole, come on down as they eat Interviewer: so this was a place where the cattle could go to eat too 596: yes ma'am without you going out there, throwing it out there to them like that Interviewer: oh Interviewer 1: okay...Um How would you, if you had some cows now, how would you call 'em to come in? 596: #1 Well # Interviewer 1: #2 To...uh be # 596: Well we use to long time ago we would tell a sou cow. Sou cow! I just call ol' cow now by name and the milk cow you know I just call it by name. Come on ya so and so! Whatever the name is. Well if she'd wanna come she'd come. If don't, ah she just won't come. I had to go get her. Interviewer 1: Oh really! {C:laughing} Well back in the old days though, tell me exactly how you'd call them. 596: We'd call 'em sou cows- Interviewer 1: #1 Yeah now but yeah but I know you just didn't just walk out there and say sou cow. How'd ya do it? # 596: #2 No. We would say Soo! # Soo! C'mon so and so! Woo! C'mon y'all! {NW} Interviewer 1: And when you were milking them, to get them to stand still- 596: We them say saw! Interviewer 1: {NW} And suppose you-you wanted her to move her leg back- 596: Back of the leg! Interviewer 1: #1 Really?! I love those calls. I think they're beautiful. # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer 1: How would you call the horse 596: Let me see now, a horse We w-whistled here ain't it- Interviewer 1: How would you whistle? 596: {NW} Over here! {NW} Interviewer 1: How do you call your mule? 596: Well that's a mule, I don't have a- Interviewer 1: #1 You got 'em there where you want him {C:laughing} # 596: #2 No. You don't have to call that mule # Uh-uh #1 Mule be calling me if anything. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer 1: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer 1: Uh let's see. How would you call 596: hogs? Yeah there were hogs and we use to- When there's like hogs and they use to be out, we just hollered Woo! Piggy, Piggy, Piggy. Something like that ya know. Ole hog, he gonna come if he thought he heard ya. Interviewer 1: {NW} In fact, the you-the ones you have now probably come- 596: Nuh-uh. That's right. Interviewer 1: Well if you-is there a way in which you could call and get the little ones instead of the big ones? 596: Yes. Well I well all of is when you call one out, all of them is coming. Interviewer 1: They all come. So you just-then you take what you want. 596: That's right. Interviewer 1: Okay #1 Uh how- # 596: #2 Cause all the piggies, they all of them piggy. # Interviewer 1: How would you call um chickens to be fed? 596: I would just Chick! Chick! Chick! Chick! Chick! Something like that, ya know. There arent'-I was just wondering if any of them are going to show up #1 {D:I hope they aren't looking for me.} I don't have to call them. I have nothing. They already there. Already. # Interviewer 1: #2 They come anyway. # 596: You have seen the- They just looking for that feed Interviewer 1: Did they grow any sheep around here? No. No. Nobody no growing sheep around here #1 You wouldn't have any cause for sheep that you'd know of? # 596: #2 No No # If folks use it though they call them coo sheepy. Coo sheepy! That's what they call them. Interviewer 1: Oh would they? 596: Yeah. Coo sheepy. Yeah But I never did-we never did had no sheep Interviewer 1: Alright um what do you put on-Well let's see I-I didn't quite finish this. To hold a baby's diaper on, you use a what? 596: Safety pin Interviewer 1: Alright. And if a nickel is worth five cents, a dime is worth what? 596: Uh ten cents Interviewer 1: What do you put on when you go out in the winter time? 596: #1 Uh {D:ya mean}- # Interviewer 1: #2 Over your clothes # 596: Oh ya mean a overcoat? Interviewer 1: Alright Uh There's also a three piece suit that a man will have. And the top will be the coat- 596: yeah Interviewer 1: then the bottom part will be the 596: Pants Interviewer 1: Alright and what about right under it 596: Vest? Interviewer 1: #1 Yeah. Vest # 596: #2 Yeah. Yeah. A vest # Interviewer 1: Um A vest isn't the same as um a jacket. 596: No. No, but a coat is just, of course a jacket is around Well it's about the same thing as a jacket is. It's about the same thing as a coat Interviewer 1: About the same thing 596: Use to call them different names ya know Coat ya know it's made. You know how a coat made. Ya put on a jacket and maybe it zip up or something like that Interviewer 1: Oh really? Well I see. What about something you would wear to work in the barn? 596: Well, overalls you'd call 'em like that-that over your other clothes Cause we have fashion and we just take 'em and use 'em and just sometimes when you out there on the farm, just use 'em as clothes ya know, clothes or whatever, course the overalls though Interviewer 1: Now did they have sleeves in them? Oh them coveralls you talking bout Yeah now that's coveralls. Overalls just had what? 596: ya know I mean, it just um galluses on made it all onto the pants {C: pronunciation} Interviewer 1: Alright those things that you just mentioned ya know that men used instead of a belt 596: yes Interviewer 1: What was it? If you don' have a belt to hold your pants up, you use-you use to wear what? 596: Well- Interviewer 2: They come up over your shoulders 596: Galluses! {C: pronunciation} Interviewer 2: Okay 596: Yeah. Galluses. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer 2: Now they were built into overalls? 596: Yes ma'am They built in overalls Or now you weren't aware You have galluses, to hold your pants up! {C: pronunciation} You wants to just Without any {NW} Interviewer 2: Right. They-They're same sort of thing but 596: That's right. Interviewer 1: Um {C:Vehicle passing} If a man were about to get married {C:Vehicle passing} and his mother say looked at his clothes and she'd say Oh this suits you have just look awful {NS} you better go downtown and get yourself um a what? 596: A new suit! Interviewer 1: All right! If you stuff a lot of things in the pockets of you're coat so that they're kind off stick out and all lumpy, you say those pockets sure do what? 596: Baggy, you say those all full Interviewer 1: they bul- 596: they're bulky Interviewer 1: or bulge out 596: yeah, that's right bulge out ya say What's in your pockets got 'em all bulge out like that? Interviewer 1: Do you ever hear them also use the term pouch out? 596: Yes ma'am, that's right Interviewer 1: How would you use that? 596: What I would-I know I'd just say I cause they pouch out or uh or uh bagged out or something anyway I'd call it something like that Interviewer 1: Okay 596: All I know is it didn't look right ya know {NW} Interviewer 1: Um I tried on a coat and it won't fit this year but last year it me just fine it- 596: yeah it fitted last year Interviewer 1: but it sure doesn't this year Alright um Talking about washing something, if you wash it in too hot of water, it's liable to do what? 596: {Draw up Interviewer 1: Alright and if something, another word that people use sometime about instead of draw up, they might say its likely to 596: shrink up or something like that Interviewer 1: Okay and you might say I washed it-I washed my shirt in too hot of w- using the word shrink, 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: I washed my shirt in too hot of water and it did what? 596: And it shrunk up Interviewer 1: Okay And every time I've done that it has 596: Every time I do it, it shrink. Interviewer 1: Alright. If you're talking about a girl who likes to stand in front of the mirror and fix her face and her hair you say Ah she sure likes to to what? 596: Primp! {NW} Interviewer 1: Right? Would you ever say a man likes to primp? 596: Well, some of them, the like to primp too sometimes {NW} Auxiliary: {X} 596: {NW} Interviewer 1: If you talk about um a woman who likes to put on clothes, now when you say primp uh you really think about her face and her hair, 596: Yeah That's right Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Okay You say she likes to put on her good clothes and go downtown, she sure likes to what? Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. 596: Dress #1 yeah yeah # Interviewer 1: #2 Okay # What do you carry coins in? Say uh, now I know men just let them go down in their pockets, but a woman might have something- 596: A purse! Interviewer 1: #1 Alright that's what she puts her coins in # 596: #2 Yeah. That's right. Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: What might a woman wear around her wrist? Um Watch! Or something else. 596: A bracelet! Interviewer 1: Alright. Suppose there are a lot of a little things all strung up together around a woman's neck, you say 596: B-Beads? Interviewer 1: Uh-huh. Would- 596: Necklace? Interviewer 1: Yeah that's right. If thinking about beads, you say she has on a what of beads? 596: Uh Um beads Interviewer 1: Would you say a string of beads? Or a string- 596: A string of-Yes that's right! Interviewer 1: Or have you ever heard of 'em say a strand of beads? 596: Yes that's right. Yeah Interviewer 1: Which would you say more likely? 596: Well, I say string of beads. I don't {D:strand of beads} Interviewer 1: Alright. Thank ya. What do you hold over you when it rains? 596: Parasol. Umbrella. What do you call it? Interviewer 1: Uh Is a parasol used when it rains too? 596: #1 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer 1: #2 {D: Mean there the same thing.} # 596: Same thing. Interviewer 1: When you go to sleep at night, at the head of the bed, you put your head on a? 596: On a pillow Interviewer 1: And there used to be a kind of a big long pillow 596: Bolster Interviewer 1: What were they? They- Well that's just a-a bolster is just go across the bed long enough for two people to put their head on. 596: But a pillow, that's divided. Interviewer 1: #1 I see. How long was a bolster? # 596: #2 Pillow! # Well, it go across the whole head of the bed. Yeah. That's for two people. Yeah Interviewer 1: Alright. And what is the last thing, when your making up a bed, what's the last thing you put on a bed? to make it look pretty 596: The bread spread now we use. We call it bread spread! Interviewer 1: #1 Okay # 596: #2 Yeah. # Spread! Interviewer 1: And something that you'd put on a bed to keep yourself warm at night 596: Well I have quilts, a blanket- Interviewer 1: Alright now a quilt is the kind that's made out of little pieces 596: Yeah its made out of pieces, sow it up and something like that A quilt is by fingers, by hand something like that Interviewer 1: Was there something heavier than a quilt? 596: Well- Interviewer 1: Might not of been-might not have been pieced 596: Well I um a blanket, a comforter or something like that Interviewer 1: Okay a comforter. 596: yeah Interviewer 1: What was it like? 596: A comforter that's something-a comforter ain't anything but a boughten made quilt which you buy Interviewer 2: Ma'am-I mean Sir, it was-it was the same thing as a {D: bought quilt?}- 596: Yeah it was a quilt It just-it may call it a comforter But it ain't fixed as good as a quilt to be fixed or it just ain't Interviewer 1: Would it be heavy as well? 596: Well about the same, but the {X} you better not- comforter you better not wash one or it'll fade over everything, or maybe you hot night you happen to I wanna get rid of this sweat. Well {X} down everything comforter is, they just ain't Interviewer 1: Were they sof-were they pieced like a quilt? 596: Yes it's kind of like a quilt yeah pieced like not too much pieced {X} or so then like a quilt. It wouldn't be pieced up like a quilt Interviewer 1: Oh okay. Do you ever sleep on a bed on the floor? 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: What was that? 596: Pallet. Interviewer 1: Alright {C:laughing} Now we are going to talk for a minute about types of land on a farm. You might say we expect a big crop from that land because its ver- the soil is very 596: they very rich Interviewer 1: or very fertile 596: yeah. Fertile! Interviewer 1: Alright. What are some of the types of land. Now your talking about you know you'll have, for example, you'll have a kind of land that you refer to because it's down low along a creek. 596: That's a bottom land. Interviewer 1: Now that's the kind of- what I'm talking about. What other types would you refer to? 596: Well ya see that's bottom land or valley land, land in the valley or something like that we call it It's not no hill that we-It's not no hill land we call it. We call it that the bottom land Interviewer 1: Right, now hill land would be 596: On the hill, left top land heavy I mean hill side land you might say on top not no bottom to it so much Interviewer 1: Um what about land where water stands all the time? 596: Well, that's m- mucky we call it mucky land, (X) something like that. Interviewer 1: Do you ever hear it swamp? 596: Swamp land Interviewer 1: swamp land? 596: swamp land. Interviewer 1: Do you ever hear of-would marshy land be the same? 596: Yeah to me that's the same thing but it then you could if you gonna cultivate that land it would have to be drained some kind of way, to get that water drained out- Interviewer 1: How would you do that? 596: Well they got some way that I'll drain land and swamp land and Ditches! Canals cut for it to drain out in ya know Interviewer 1: Mm 596: so they use that land now as well as any other land Interviewer 1: Uh would a swamp have uh trees in it? Could it have trees? 596: Yeah ma'am that's right Trees grow in the swamp in the world so it's not only here, its anywhere That's right Interviewer 1: What about grassy land? Low lying grassy land? 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Would you call that anything? 596: Yes that's alright low land low land grass land Interviewer 1: Do you ever call that meadow around here? 596: Yeah meadow that's a meadow, that's the pasture land ya know meadow right it's just pasture thats what that is Interviewer 1: That means it's good grassy land? Good grazing! It's for cattle to graze in. Would it necessarily be low land or it- 596: Well yes, mostly it would be lower land Interviewer 1: #1 Okay # 596: #2 That's right # Interviewer 1: Uh you mentioned-oh, for another thing about soil, what would you call very rich black soil? {C: vehicle passing} Is there a name for it? {C: vehicle passing} 596: Well I don't know when you just said that's a very rich land or very fertile land or something like that Interviewer 1: What's lawn? 596: Lawn? Well Most any kind of land Interviewer 1: What I mean is it rich or is it poor? 596: Well that's something you got poor lawn and you got rich lawn Interviewer 1: Oh! 596: That's right. That's right Interviewer 1: {D: Oh you want huh} {C: laughing} 596: Yeah. That's right. Interviewer 1: Alright {C: laughing} Um, you mentioned a minute ago that they would dig ditches to drain a swamp. 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: And then I noticed that earlier, you used a term that I wanted to ask about. You said you were on a swinging, you swing out over a gully. 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: Now is a gully bigger than a ditch? 596: Well it is about the same Interviewer 1: Alright would a man dig a gully? 596: Well it- Interviewer 1: O-Or if you- 596: W-What I was talking about where we swam it's already dug it just come Interviewer 1: Now that's where the water washed- 596: Yeah. That's right. Interviewer 1: That's where the water washed a soil away 596: That's right, that's right. Interviewer 1: Okay um what are some names of streams that you have in the neighborhood? So you know flowing water that you have around here, what's the smallest one around here? 596: Uh we call it little ol' branch or something like that we call it the ol' small branch. Uh creek! We call some creek, we call 'em rivers, creeks- Interviewer 1: Okay now branch would be smaller than a creek right? 596: Yes ma'am. That's right. Yeah Interviewer 1: Um what about when I say stream, does that mean anything particular size? 596: Well {X} large streams and the small streams. That's right. Interviewer 1: Uh what are names of some of the, does the branches around here have names? 596: No No Interviewer 1: Do the creeks? 596: Yes some of the creeks do. We call-one creek we call {D: Bogue Chitto} creek And then one back there where I use to live was a creek we called Goober creek {D: Magese creek} Cotton creek and all like that and different names Interviewer 1: These were where back when? 596: Yes when I was a boy Interviewer 1: When you were a boy 596: Yeah, back then. Interviewer 1: All right And um what are the rivers around here? 596: Well these rivers are {D: Bogue Chitto river} and we call it {D: Bogchitta river} and um Mid river Homachitto river That's right Interviewer 1: {D: That name chitta-} 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: Keep showing up. I wonder what it meant originally. 596: Well um {D: Bogue Chitto, that's-that's little ol' town out here about} Ten miles from Brookhaven {D: Bogue Chitto} They tell me that's from uh Irishman {D: I don't know where the chitta part come in at but Irishmen} When he said bug he means a bug. Interviewer 1: Oh! Really!? 596: Yeah. yeah He means a bug. Now when he told his town a bug a loose, that's where its name after. Interviewer 1: Really?! 596: Some said he caught a big ol' turtle once and put 'em into some place and he got loose and gone and then they went there to look for him and he was gone and he once said the bug's a loose! Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: The bug's a loose! So they named that town {D: Bogalusa} Interviewer 1: That's in Louisiana right? 596: That's right. yeah. Said the bug's a loose. Interviewer 1: That's terrific! {NW} Auxiliary: {X} 596: {X} Bug's a loose. Interviewer 1: That's a pretty big bug. 596: That's right Interviewer 1: Does the turtle uh live near the water? 596: Yes. Well some of 'em yeah he'll sit right around the water little ol' water turtles he gonna sit around the water Interviewer 1: Is there a kind that lives on the land? 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: Would you call it a turtle? 596: No. We call 'em terrapins. The main ones live on the land, we call them terrapins Interviewer 1: They look different is the shell- 596: Well, they look different They a round back it is. round back- Interviewer 1: The terrapin has- 596: Yes An ol' turtle he's more flat Interviewer 1: Oh the terrapins kind of stick up on top 596: Yes ma'am. That's right. Interviewer 1: Okay. Um To open a door, you turn a door 596: Yeah knob #1 something like that # Interviewer 1: #2 alright # Do you ever hear knob used to refer to a rise in the land? around here? 596: No {X} I don't reckon I do. I don't reckon #1 {X} # Interviewer 1: #2 Alright # Uh something bigger than a hill 596: Mm-hmm mountain or something like that Interviewer 1: alright. Is there anything a little bit bigger than a hill that doesn't get up to a mountain? 596: Well I don't know. Let's see I don't know Well now I was raised in the hills, #1 in the hilly country, I was raised # Interviewer 1: #2 Yes. I was wondering if you were raised # in a hilly country what- 596: And uh well we have big hills and small hills Interviewer 1: They never called them anything like a mound or a dome or- 596: Yeah an ol' mound, right a mound we call anything kind of elevated up maybe we call that a mound, maybe it don't have to be as big as a hill we'd call it we'd call that a mound yeah a mound yeah Interviewer 1: um its not as big as a hill? No ma'am These fire ants in here, when you see all this fire ants you'll know its fire ants cause you see a mound You see a little mound about so high, well that's them fire ants is in there. #1 Ah I see # 596: #2 That's right # Interviewer 1: Uh since you live in the hilly country, um your talking about if your driving along a mountain, and there's a steep rocky thing that goes down to the side, there what? 596: Well I don't know What do you call that? Interviewer 1: Over here we call it a cliff 596: Cliff, yeah, a cliff, that's right Interviewer 1: Okay you had more than one of those you'd say those are 596: yes ma'am Interviewer 1: those are steep rocky 596: rocky cliffs yeah more and more, that's right Interviewer 1: If you um, a place where a boat stops and unloads freight, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: that's a 596: Well, Let me see when a boat pulls up to the what did they call that where a boat pulls up there to unload The docks I believe it was. I believed they call that there I mean a dock where they unload, and I think what they call 'em Interviewer 1: Okay. Fine. Um When a man's eaten a big dinner, he might say Oh I'm so full I'm gonna have to let belt out of 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: of what? Talking about that hole in the belt. 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Gonna have to let my belt out of 596: {D: Uh yeah buresis something like that I don't know what} Interviewer 1: You ever hear notch? 596: Nah Interviewer 1: Let my belt out a notch or two Yes ma'am 596: That's right. Mm-hmm That's right some times I eat and I have my belt on and I have to Let my belt out maybe a couple of notches or something like that Interviewer 1: Did you ever hear the place between two mountains called a notch? 596: Yes ma'am. It's called a notch. Interviewer 1: That's-that's what now? Where two mountains come- 596: Two mountains I guess come together, I guess you know come nearly together Interviewer 1: Is it the same as a gap or a pass? 596: I reckon so I just don't know Interviewer 1: What would you call a place where a lot of water falls a long distance? Ya know you're going along on a river and all of sudden it drops off and the water goes falling down 596: Uh Niagara falls? Interviewer 1: Alright And would you call that a falls or a waterfall or- 596: It doesn't matter we call that waterfalls Interviewer 1: alright Uh thinking about what roads are made out of, what would you say this road out here was made of? 596: Well that at first was a put gravel there and next time you take uh fine gravel and um tar and um spread it on that, spread the gravel on that, and then you put the then you put that tar on it call that the black-call it the black top Uh something like that Interviewer 1: Okay uh what about a road uh what's that quite hard road that you have over there like say on highway fifty-one or fifty-five. What's that stuff you'd call? 596: Well that's uh well that-that's cement and I would call {X} made out of cement Interviewer 1: Um how would you refer to this road out here? Now would you call it neighborhood road, or a country road or a highway or- 596: That's just a neighborhood road, thats a neighborhood road going through here, its a local neighborhood road Interviewer 1: Yeah that's what I was trying 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: trying to get Um On a farm, Suppose you came down the public road to a farm, ya know, and you saw the road that turns off going back to the farmhouse, you'd call that the what? 596: Well I would call it them country road, turnoff road Interviewer 1: Alright, like up here at mrs Navel's 596: yeah Interviewer 1: ya know what's that thing that turns off and goes back to her house 596: Well, I-I call it just a road I call it Interviewer 1: Would you ever call it a driveway or lane 596: yes ma'am. That's right! Driveway, it's just a driveway A driveway, I mean just a, that's right, call it a driveway. Interviewer 1: You ever use the term lane? 596: Yes ma'am. Lane Interviewer 1: Now what would a lane be? 596: A lane would be between two fences Interviewer 1: Yeah I'm discovering this is what people think of when you say lane 596: Lane well that's Interviewer 1: a fence on each side 596: between them buildings or something like that between them buildings on each side maybe that has a building on each side and you go up the lane-up that lane #1 Something like that # Interviewer 1: #2 If your on a # Farm, going from the house out to the barn, would that be a lane? 596: Well if you got two fences there it's a lane Interviewer 2: If you got two fences laughing 596: It's a lane It's something you're gonna walk on, you'd call it a well it's just a walkway, a little walk on Interviewer 1: or a path? 596: yes ma'am Interviewer 1: You wouldn't drive on a path? 596: No ma'am. No not a path. That's right. Its just a little small path, its a walking path. Interviewer 1: Alright if I say a path though you don't think about having fences around? 596: No ma'am. No ma'am. You don't think about driving. If you drive on it, it's a road. Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: Right Can you drive on a lane? 596: Yes ma'am If it's a lane, if its a road Interviewer 1: Fences are the thing 596: That's right. If it's a lane-if a road up through there you can drive. If it's a road up through there. Interviewer 1: Good. I just want to make sure I understand #1 what's going on. # 596: #2 That's right # Interviewer 1: I never thought about that before- 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: #1 That's interesting. # 596: #2 That's right. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer 1: Um. When you go into town the part of the street you walk on, ya know you walk along the what? 596: Pave Pavements Interviewer 1: #1 Alright. That's the part by the stores that you walk on. # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. That's right. # Interviewer 1: If you're walking along a road a dog jumps out at you and scares you, what would you do? 596: Well I don't know what some people do. I'd get a club, and if I had one, and knock 'em out but I don't know what some people-some people be running and holler Interviewer 1: Yeah well I might run and holler Something I'm looking for here now, if you pick up a rock, what do you do with the dog? 596: Well you threw it at 'em Interviewer 1: alright I still want you to say something else. 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: Ever hear of chuck? 596: Yeah sure I'd chuck it at 'em- I'd chuck Interviewer 1: Would you ever say that? 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: Alright how would you say that now? You'd say you did what to the dog? 596: #1 Well I'd- # Interviewer 1: #2 using chuck # 596: Well see dog run at me and I picked up a big rock and I chucked it at it Interviewer 1: Okay. {C: vehicle passing} That's what I'm trying to get the way. That's an interesting word now- {C: vehicle passing} 596: That's right Interviewer 1: #1 I wanted to know the way it was used in a sentence. {C: vehicle passing} # 596: #2 yeah. yeah # Interviewer 1: That's interesting I've never heard of- 596: That's right. That's right Interviewer 1: much Alright uh if you go to somebody's house to see 'em about something, you knock on the door, and they don't come you say Oh well I guess he's not 596: Mm-hmm. Yeah I guess he not here. Ain't nobody-nobody at home. I knocked on the door and nobody didn't say anything. I guess Interviewer 1: #1 Alright # 596: #2 Nobody here # Interviewer 1: Somebody might say to you, well you ought to try again cause I know he's 596: Yeah he's bound to be there because I-I seen him ah Interviewer 1: Somebody, talking about in relation to the house, you'd say he's what the house? He's 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: He-If he's inside the house 596: Oh yeah he, I might be saying, he's in the back room or #1 something like that. Mm-hmm yeah. # Interviewer 1: #2 Yeah that's what I was thinking about # Talking about putting milk in coffee, uh people usually either like it with milk or 596: without. Yeah Interviewer 1: Alright do you ever hear any terms for black coffee? Do you ever talk about drinking a coffee? Yeah {X} 596: Black coffee. Some folks just want the just black coffee #1 Not-Not # Interviewer 1: #2 Do you ever hear- # hear somebody call that something though? uh slang term for black coffee? on how you drink black coffee? 596: I hear so many things about black coffee We call it Louisiana coffee maybe, so black that we- we just say people you want your coffee like people do in Louisiana Interviewer 1: Is that what you say? 596: Yeah. That's right. Interviewer 1: Uh I'm wondering if you ever use the term drinking coffee, we're talking about black coffee, you ever use the term drinking your coffee barefoot? 596: Well yes. That's right. That means nothing in it just-just just coffee just like just like it come out the pot Interviewer 1: Now how you say that? How would you use that then? You drink your coffee how? 596: I want my coffee to stay naked you see Interviewer 1: Oh naked!? 596: Yeah I want my coffee naked Interviewer 1: #1 I like that {C:laughing} # 596: #2 I don't want a thing # I don't want a thing in it {NW} Interviewer 1: Oh I like that! {C:laughing} If someone is not going away from you, you say he's coming 596: towards you Interviewer 1: Alright if you go into town and you see someone that you haven't seen in a very long time, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: you might come home and say to your wife, well guess who I ran Yeah. Guess who I seen? I bet you can guess- you can guess all day and you won't guess it. {NW} She began to say I saw so and so and so and so, and I say no no I just have to- I just have to tell you who it was Okay. There's another kind of-of expression that I use all the time. Guess who I ran 596: Mm-hmm ran into or something like that Interviewer 1: Yeah but my husband lies cause he thinks he says you know in your car, did you run into 'em with your car {NW} That's one of those expressions that you know you use #1 all the time and you never think about it # 596: #2 That's right. That's right. Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: The kind of animal that barks is a 596: dog, he's one of 'em wolf fox Interviewer 1: Okay I'm thinking about a dog. I wanted to talk to you about a dog for a while If you watch a dog, do you have a dog? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer 1: Did I see him tonight? 596: Normally hes- Interviewer 1: I don't think I saw him 596: He all time going somewhere Interviewer 1: Usually they come out and greet me Sniff me over 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: Um if you wanted your dog to attack another dog, what would you say to him? 596: {NW} You say catch 'em! {NW} Catch 'em! Catch 'em! {NW} Catch 'em! {NW} Interviewer 1: What would be a dog that you might have, that's no special breed? 596: Mm Interviewer 1: How might you, what would you call him? He's no real breed he's just an old 596: No just an ol' just and ol' curry dog Interviewer 1: curry dog? 596: Yeah. And that way he just an old curry dog Interviewer 1: Suppose he's just a worthless old dog? 596: Well that's- that's a curry dog? #1 Yeah. That's a {D: curry dog} # Interviewer 1: #2 Do you ever hear anything # called a potlicker hound? 596: Yep. Potlicker hound. He's not just a hound It's-It's um it's a potlicker hound. He's that breed Interviewer 1: Yeah now this is something-I heard the term first and I thought it meant a curry dog but apparently it's different 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: It's a breed 596: That's right Interviewer 1: What does a potlicker hound look like? 596: Well he's just a um big ol' hound ya know he just- Interviewer 1: Is he a certain color or No. He don't have to be no certain color but he just a-a certain-he just is that type of hound built like it- I mean he just around that's his breed, that's his make up, called a potlicker. Then you know some of 'em called a walker hound. A walker hound? 596: walker hound. Interviewer 1: What does a walker hound-what's the difference say if you looked at two dogs, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: how would you know the difference? 596: Well you would-well some folks just-just naturally know the difference in the two dogs Interviewer 1: I'm I'm trying to find out you said there's no color difference 596: no ain't no color difference but it- Interviewer 1: Is it in the way he's built 596: yeah. The way he's built and they just know how he's made, what-what he look like. A walker hound and uh-and uh and uh what other kind of hound we just mentioned? Interviewer 1: potlicker hound- 596: potlicker hound. Yeah. Well they just different ya know and then some folks just know them, know the difference in 'em Interviewer 1: Now they're not necessarily worthless dogs though 596: #1 No. They good, they hunting dogs. # Auxiliary: #2 It's a hunting dog. # 596: yeah #1 They hunting dogs # Interviewer 1: #2 I see # Any other kind of good hunting dogs? 596: Well yes there some good hunting dogs See you take some of them and you mix you know Uh We use to have a called some hounds-called them blue tick Interviewer 1: blue tick? blue tick hounds-blue tick well he just is a blue dog ya know sure enough he got blue spots all on 'em, but he's a- he make a good hunting dog #1 Now the-are # 596: #2 Bluetick. # Interviewer 1: Are these dogs good for hunting anything or are they specialize- 596: Well some of 'em-some of 'em good for deer ya know or maybe Interviewer 1: #1 What would a potlicker hound be good to hunt for? # 596: #2 Coon or fox or something # Potlicker hound Well he's good for most anything, {X} coons, anything like that Interviewer 1: What about walker hounds? 596: Well he-he's uh-he's uh good for coons, but he ain't fast. Interviewer 1: Oh he's not? 596: No He not fast- Interviewer 1: A potlicker hounds fast? 596: Yeah he more faster, but a walker hound, he's more more do his trail in the walking long, boy I could walk 'em long {NW} Interviewer 1: Do you do any hunting? 596: Well I use to when I was able. Can't get around fast like I use to, but I love to hunt. Interviewer 1: Do you? 596: Yes I love to hunt Interviewer 1: What do you love to hunt for? 596: Well what we have here so it's just um maybe rabbits and squirrels and {X} what we have here in this country Interviewer 1: Did you um ever hunt the deer around here? Is-is this deer country? 596: Well a few deer here now was brought in here, a few deers here, but they-it's not plentiful {X} I saw one come cross out there walking-I mean going out across there but nah it's not- it ain't real plentiful like that in some country ya know Interviewer 1: I see What about uh are there any big animals around here you know like, 596: No ain't no nothing Interviewer 1: like bobcats or anything 596: Well I did some bobcats yeah Interviewer 1: I think of them as being big 596: Yeah there is bobcats But ain't no bear Nothing like that. No leopard uh mountain lion nothing like that. We don't think there is, we don't know there is Interviewer 1: But there not anything of a problem or anything- 596: No no that's right Interviewer 1: #1 Alright um # 596: #2 Maybe # Interviewer 1: Oh about dogs, before we go on, what is a small noisy yapping dog 596: Well I call them {X} I call them Interviewer 1: Uh-huh Is that a breed of dog? 596: Yes- Interviewer 1: Or is that any little noisy dog? 596: {D: No some of 'em call little ol' rat terrors} Interviewer 1: Now that's a breed isn't it? 596: Yes. Yes miss that's right, but any little bitty ol' dog is just little ol' fuss making dog I call them Interviewer 1: Okay Uh if a dog liked to bite, ya know you might have to keep him up when people came around and you would say to somebody watch out you might get 596: You might get dog bit Interviewer 1: Alright 596: Some of 'em will still {X} like that Interviewer 1: Um You'd say that dog will anybody 596: That dog will bite you Interviewer 1: And yesterday he #1 somebody # 596: #2 Yeah # Interviewer 1: yesterday- 596: yeah yesterday he would've bit so and so somebody but I happen to be standing there to watch him or something #1 like that # Interviewer 1: #2 Okay # and he had- all in all he has about thirty people he has 596: he has bit Interviewer 1: about 30 people I-I'm checking it out because I like that dog bit #1 expression # 596: #2 yeah # #1 that's right # Interviewer 1: #2 that's uh # That's what happens to ya. 596: #1 That's right. Yeah # Interviewer 1: #2 You get dog bit right? # 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Uh. In a herd of cattle what do you call the male? 596: Bull Interviewer 1: Do you remember back in- maybe back in the old days when a man would be very careful about saying that in front of a lady? 596: Yes ma'am. That's right. I remember that Interviewer 1: What would he say to avoid saying the word bull? 596: He just say a male Interviewer 1: A male? 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Would a women be also careful about saying the word bull. 596: Then they would but now they'd say about most anything to one another. {NW} Interviewer 1: Let me ask a little bit more about that because I think this is kind of important Um The way you know it changes over the years Now say you and your wife were discussing your male, would you use the word bull to your wife back in the old days? 596: Well maybe since we've married we would Interviewer 1: since you were married? 596: Yeah but before hand probably I wouldn't have used that word in the presence of her like that Interviewer 1: But after you were married it was you would you would feel a little freer about it 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: #1 Alright # 596: #2 That's right # Interviewer 1: Uh and the uh Let's see. Where was it? {NW} If you're driving um a wagon or something with two mules, you'd say you had a what of mules? 596: I didn't understand- Interviewer 1: I didn't get do that very well 596: No Interviewer 1: If you were, uh say you were plowing 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: #1 with two mules or two oxen # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. That's right # Interviewer 1: You'd say you had a what of- 596: Double team! Interviewer 1: Okay That's two of 'em? 596: Yeah two. That's double I-I was plowing double, uh I had a double teams of wagon ya might say uh double team I-I know you got two instead of uh one Interviewer 1: Right. Now would you use that- did you ever have any experience with oxen? 596: No Interviewer 1: #1 No yours were with horses or mules right? # 596: #2 Yes that's right. # Interviewer 1: Okay I wondered if you'd use the same expression with oxen and I guess you probably would 596: Well I would yes ma'am You say yolk of oxen if you got two, you'd say you got a yolk of oxen Interviewer 1: Oh that's right. 596: Yeah. Course you say you got a yolk. Well if you got maybe four oxen, you got two yolks of oxen Interviewer 1: Two yolks of oxen? 596: If you got six oxen you got three yolks. Interviewer 1: Oh so you measure 'em by yolks? 596: That's right. That's right Interviewer 1: And if you have-let's see, would you ever do anything with four horses or four mules? 596: Well we got four horses you can call 'em a four up team Interviewer 1: A four up team! 596: Yeah we call it a four up team Course now one is just a pair of horses, a pair of mules is just a pair of 'em, but if you got four, you call that a four up team Interviewer 1: Now's a pair the same as a team? 596: Yes ma'am. A pair you just got a- No a pair just a pair But when you got four, you say you got a team Interviewer 1: Okay now four is a team? 596: Yeah. Four up team you call it Interviewer 1: Okay and uh, if you were pulling a wagon with two, 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: that'd be pair? 596: Pair Interviewer 1: Alright would you ever, when you had six, would you've anyway of naming 596: Well, that'd be hard of you to see six animals six uh-uh Interviewer 1: Yeah that'd be kind of 596: mules pulling the wagon but you will see four and you'll see so many yolks of oxen you can see much as five yolks of oxen you might well see #1 you got ten of 'em pulling- # Interviewer 1: #2 I'm so glad you said that # I hadn't heard that before either 596: That's right Interviewer 1: Now the uh you can use the team-the pair and the team to talk about #1 horses and mules # 596: #2 Yes yes # Well sometimes these mules are uh the third uh horse, a mule, pulling a wagon Interviewer 1: Then that would be a what? Well you-you could call that a three- you could say that's a three up team you could say three up team So your using three on a wagon, 596: Well Interviewer 1: How, what happens to the doubletree singletree arrangement 596: Well now when you got three and when you have one in the lead where you done you got two that's side to side a tongue on each side- one on each side of the tongue I mean #1 One on each side # Interviewer 1: #2 One on each side of the tongue # 596: and one right in the lead, put there right in the lead Interviewer 1: At the front of the tongue 596: front of the tongue Interviewer 1: Oh and what's he hitched to then? 596: Well he's hitched to, got a singletree hitched to in the end of that wagon tongue Interviewer 1: #1 Oh out at the front of the wagon tongue # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. That's right # Interviewer 1: Oh none of this I've heard before 596: #1 No well that's right # Interviewer 1: #2 I'm so glad you're telling me that # Um when you're plowing, you just reminded me of something else, when you're plowing now, is there a name you have for the horse that walks in the {D: furrow}, you refer to him as the 596: #1 What # Interviewer 1: #2 Something horse # 596: Well no I don't know it might be Interviewer 1: Ever hear of the off horse 596: Yes. But oh that's right the off horse that's right of course some people you have to know what you talking about {D: The corn roll horse which-which side you call the off horse on} Interviewer 1: Yeah that's what I'm trying to find out. How do you know which one is the off horse? 596: Well that off horse he's {X} yeah I don't know what you'd call him I figured the outside horse called off horse Interviewer 1: Okay let me ask you about something that some one told me once He said that in the way he grew up it 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: That if you were plowing with two horses, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: you had to walk behind one or the other, 596: That's right Interviewer 1: you couldn't very well walk in the middle 596: Nah Interviewer 1: so he said the horse that you were not walking behind was the off horse 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: If exactly you were walking behind the one on the right the left horse would be the off horse But if you were walking behind the one on the left, the off horse would be the one on the right 596: Probably so Interviewer 1: What do ya think? Do you think that fits #1 what you've done? # 596: #2 Well it could fit alright # But now when a mule plowing with uh {X} two horse plow or plowing you just immerse behind one of them horses cause you gotta hold the handles to plow Interviewer 1: That's true You are kind of behind 596: You just as immersed behind one as is the other. That's all Now, I have had three animals pulling side by side ya know or maybe say on a disc disc is number three side to side Well you got to have a long durable tree cross there with three single trees on it Right now as you walk along behind and if you were walking, while you was behind the middle horse you might as well say call these the three of them together Interviewer 1: Yeah so you wouldn't use-think about an off horse #1 in that # 596: #2 No no # Interviewer 1: #1 that way # 596: #2 That's right # Interviewer 1: I see Um thinking about cows, a little cow when it's first born 596: call that a calf Interviewer 1: Then when it gets a little bigger you call the female a what? 596: yearling Interviewer 1: Alright you ever call it a heifer? 596: heifer yeah Interviewer 1: Is that any different from a- a yearling could be either a boy or a girl? 596: Yes ma'am either one, a yearling, could be either one Interviewer 1: Alright now- 596: But if-But if its a little um female it'd be a heifer Interviewer 1: If it's a little male 596: We say its a little bull, a little male and we say it that way Interviewer 1: Alright if you have a cow that's expecting a calf she's going to what? 596: Uh {X} {D: Pression} Interviewer 1: {D: Pression?} 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Alright. Um school bus? {C: bus passing} Oh they get out this week in the middle of the day I forgot that {C: bus passing} 596: Yes ma'am. That's right. Interviewer 1: Uh what did they call the male horse? 596: Stud horse Interviewer 1: Would they have said that in front of a woman? 596: No Interviewer 1: What would you have said? 596: We just say a male horse Interviewer 1: a male horse? 596: That's right Interviewer 1: Um A female horse is called a 596: Mare Interviewer 1: If you didn't know how to ride you might say I have never what a horse? 596: rode a horse Interviewer 1: Alright if you couldn't stay on, you might say I fell 596: I fell off Interviewer 1: If a little child went to sleep in bed and in the morning he found himself on the floor, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: you'd say I must've 596: fell out Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: Fell out of the bed Interviewer 1: Things that you'd put on a horse's feet to protect them from the road? 596: Yeah their Shoes Interviewer 1: Alright. Is there a game people play with those? 596: Yes ma'am. That's right. Interviewer 1: What would they call that? 596: I don't know. I saw some other day people playing with them horseshoes like that. Throwing them I don't know what kind of game you call that but I seen- Interviewer 1: You've seen them do it 596: yes ma'am I seen them playing that the other day Interviewer 1: The parts of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on are the 596: Hooves Interviewer 1: Okay And uh one of those would be a 596: {NW} Interviewer 1: If he has four hooves and then he has one 596: Oh you mean a {X} Interviewer 1: No I'm thinking about just one of 'em Ya know, a hoof, would you say, what would you say? He has one 596: One hoof, one shoe Interviewer 1: Yeah that'd be fine. 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: That's fine Uh do you happen to know, I know they don't have sheep around here but do you happen anything about what they would call male sheep 596: Ram Interviewer 1: Alright, were they, well I guess maybe you may not know about this but I wondered if men were just as careful about using the ram 596: Well they didn't, didn't sound so much #1 Ram is No. It sure don't. It don't no # Interviewer 1: #2 But it didn't as bad as bull # Uh Female sheep is a 596: an {D:oar} Interviewer 1: Alright. What do sheep have on their back? 596: wool Interviewer 1: Okay now If you had a pig and you didn't, lets see, what's a male pig? 596: Boar pig Interviewer 1: Alright if you had a male and you didn't want him to grow up to be boar, you'd do what to him 596: Castrate him Interviewer 1: Alright would you say that your were gonna do that to a horse or would you call it doing something else 596: No its about the same thing Interviewer 1: Alright would you, what about a cat? 596: well Interviewer 1: Would you do that for a cat? 596: About the same thing Interviewer 1: I wondered if you ever used the term alter or work on or fix 596: Well they use-that use-thats what they work on Interviewer 1: work? 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: What kind of animal would you say work on go work on a what? 596: Go work on a um, male animal you see Interviewer 1: a horse or a 596: a male horse work on a horse hog or something like that Interviewer 1: Would you say I'm gonna work on a bull, I mean a No. Work on a boar 596: Yes. We say we going change him we say Interviewer 1: change him? 596: Yes {D: That's we say that we going to change him.} Now that's about a boar Yes Interviewer 1: right 596: yes Interviewer 1: alright good Uh. Then, after you have changed your boar, he is a 596: He's a bar Interviewer 1: When um a little hog is first born you'd say it's a what? 596: pig Interviewer 1: Then when it's a little older you call it a 596: A little shoat Interviewer 1: Now that doesn't mean either male or female 596: No that's right. That's right Interviewer 1: But then you start calling them what? 596: Well meat hog we call them Interviewer 1: Okay now that'd be about 596: {D: butching} Interviewer 1: What weight? 596: anywhere from hundred and fifty pounds to two hundred, anywhere like that Interviewer 1: Okay. What-How much would a shoat weigh? 596: about fifty sixty pounds, that's a shoat Interviewer 1: #1 Now when you say shoat you gaging by weight aren't you # 596: #2 Yeah. something you talking about so yeah # about fifty sixty pounds like that small hog just a shoat Interviewer 1: What about a female that hasn't been bred? you'd call her a 596: gilt Interviewer 1: And then after she's bred she is a 596: sire Interviewer 1: The stiff hairs on a hog's back are 596: {X} Interviewer 1: What are the stiff hairs on- 596: bristle Interviewer 1: Alright. And those big teeth a hog has 596: tush tush Interviewer 1: How many does he have? 596: four two big ones in the bottom and two at the top But mostly mostly he got two big ones at the bottom That's where it's dangerous But them at the top they ain't that big ain't that big but them at the bottom as long as your finger Interviewer 1: really? 596: yeah he dangerous too Interviewer 1: You say then he's got four what? four- 596: {D: tushies} Interviewer 1: alright 596: I say tush but they tusks yeah Interviewer 1: are they? 596: yeah Interviewer 1: I've heard both so I don't know if it matters one way or another Um the thing that you put food in for a hog would be a 596: trough Interviewer 1: Alright. If you had three or four of them you'd say I have three or four 596: uh you mean uh Interviewer 1: the same thing 596: hog trough, hog trough Interviewer 1: alright if you had several of them you'd say I have three or four 596: hog troughs yeah Interviewer 1: Alright. Is there anything you'd call a hog that's grown up wild? 596: Yeah {X} Anything call a hog besides a real hog? Interviewer 1: Yeah one that's grown up wild outside- 596: that's a wild hog Interviewer 1: that's a wild hog? 596: it's wild hog Interviewer 1: anything else you'd call him 596: No not that I know of Interviewer 1: alright let me explore this with ya. What's a piney ridge rooter? 596: Well that's this old hog he just raised out there in the wood and go long miles about so long, he ain't got to breathe at all. Interviewer 1: he hasn't? 596: no Interviewer 1: Now is he wild? 596: No he don't have to be a wild hog to to be a piney ridge rooter he just be this ol' common hog that ain't got no breed ya know he's just just a hog Interviewer 1: just a hog? But people would-somebody would probably own him 596: Well yes maybe somebody own him {X} Piney ridge rooter out there {X} Interviewer 1: I see Well he just a hog, he ain't got no breed, {D: He ain't no Poland China, no Berkshire, no landrace} Uh 596: No that red hog, about to get ready to call him, but still he just a nonbreeding hog Interviewer 1: Oh okay. What about a razorback? Is that a breed? 596: Well no. that's an ol' one like the piney ridge rooter. It's an old hog out there Interviewer 1: Is it the same thing as a piney ridge rooter? 596: Yes. Same thing Interviewer 1: Okay 596: nonbreed hogs Interviewer 1: The sound that a calf makes when its being weaned Mm-hmm you'd say a calf begins to 596: wean Interviewer 1: yeah when he's being taken away from his mother you'd say the calf-what noise does he make? 596: blate Interviewer 1: Okay 596: begin to blate Interviewer 1: What does a cow do, when she gets hungry, what noise does she make? 596: Well they call that she mooed, they call that cow moo Interviewer 1: What about a horse that's hungry, what does he do? 596: He whicker Interviewer 1: You got some horses, and some mules and some cows, and you're talking about going out to feed them, say going out to feed the talking about ya know the whole group, you say well I've gotta go out and feed the 596: feed my animals Interviewer 1: Okay. Do you ever use stock? Do you ever use stock? Gotta go feed the stock? 596: yeah feed the stock. yeah feed the stock. Interviewer 1: alright 596: {X} all of 'em Interviewer 1: In the same line then, if you're going out to feed all the chickens and the geese and the turkeys, would you say I'm going out to feed the the what? 596: going out to feed the fowl to my chickens and turkeys we'll feed them, my fowl Interviewer 1: Okay, a hen that's on nest of eggs is called a 596: brood hen Interviewer 1: alright, ever here it called a setting hen? 596: Yes ma'am that's a setting hen. That hen on nest of eggs, setting hen course Brood hen and setting hen course she not a brood hen and she'll hatch Interviewer 1: Okay now wait a minute let's see a setting hen's on the eggs 596: Yes ma'am. Setting Interviewer 1: And what is the brood hen? 596: {D: Well that's she done sat and cut the little old bitties} Interviewer 1: That's after 596: And that's her brood. That's a brood hen Interviewer 1: {D: Now where might you keep the mother with her little bitties?} 596: Ma'am? Interviewer 1: Where might you keep 'em? What kind of shelter? 596: In a coop, call it a coop Interviewer 1: Alright now where would you keep all the rest of the chickens? 596: Well in a chicken house, hen house Interviewer 1: Now that's a big, that's bigger Alright what does the chicken coop look like? 596: Ah something that look like nothing according to how you get a maid {NW} Interviewer 1: Is it built up off the ground? 596: Well some of 'em is, some of 'em ain't. Some folks just, some people just stack up a stack of boards ya know and just make a little ol' pen like that and put 'em in there but you know Interviewer 1: What's the purpose of keeping them separate from the other chickens? 596: Well if you let 'em grow with other chickens the ol' big chickens will stomp 'em, step on 'em, bruise 'em up and kill 'em all like that Interviewer 1: Oh is that right? 596: #1 That's right # Interviewer 1: #2 I didn't know this # 596: So we had to keep them to themselves Keep them other chickens form injuring them Interviewer 1: When your eating, uh chicken there's a bone that the kids like to play with after you eat fried chicken 596: Yeah we call it pull-bone Interviewer 1: Alright What is there-What-What-How do they play with it? Is it some kind of superstition? 596: They take it and go and take it inside and pull on it When they pull it who get the biggest piece ah when they break off one that got the biggest piece, why we calls that the lucky one. Interviewer 1: Ah 596: Yeah one got the biggest piece and one got the little piece why He wasn't lucky but he, we tried to break to get the biggest piece of it off {NW} Interviewer 1: Oh my Did you ever know anyone who nailed one up over the door for any-? 596: Yes ma'am. That's right Interviewer 1: What-What does that suppose to do? 596: Well they claim put a pull-bone up over the door and first one come in I forgetting how be that go, first one come in is your friend or something like that I forgetting how that went Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: somebody know Interviewer 1: Uh the part of an in-the inside part of a hog, that you sometimes eat, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Ya know you fry 'em up- 596: Yeah. Mm-hmm {X} talking about chitlins I reckon Interviewer 1: Okay, now {X} Interviewer 1: Thinking about all the insides of a pig or a calf {D: um do ever hear that called haslet or} 596: #1 Yes Yes ma'am # Interviewer 1: #2 {D: harslet or. Which do they call it?} # 596: Yeah that's right. {D: Well they call 'em the haslets.} Interviewer 1: Now what that refer to? What parts? 596: Well some folks uh take it and uh take the liver some parts of the liver and before folks start quit eating the uh whatcha call it the lights they'd use that but they don't eat them now actually Interviewer 1: Those were the lungs 596: Yes ma'am Don't eat them now but use to eat them and the liver and piece it together someway another {D: it make that way for the haslet style} Interviewer 1: Did they ever eat the lungs of a calf? 596: No No Interviewer 1: They only ate the #1 lights # 596: #2 No # Interviewer 1: of the hog 596: of a hog yeah Interviewer 1: I see 596: and they stopped 'em from eating that which I think is right they oughta do that Interviewer 1: really? 596: Yes ma'am I think that's- Interviewer 1: Why is that I wonder I never ate- 596: Well they say it's in any event any disease by the hog at all say starts in his lungs Interviewer 1: oh really? 596: yeah say it starts in his lungs Interviewer 1: I see Did you ever eat any chitlins? 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: Are they good? 596: They good yeah Interviewer 1: I always- 596: when somebody else fix 'em and clean 'em. Interviewer 1: {NW} Somebody told me you could buy them in the grocery store. 596: Yeah I know but somebody had to clean them then. You can buy 'em and you can buy 'em in grocery stores, but still somebody had to work to clean them things but I say if I had to clean them I just Interviewer 1: you'd just soon not. 596: No just would not and throw 'em all away. Interviewer 1: {NW} Um if it's time to feed the stock and do your chores you say- your talking about what time it is you say it's getting on toward 596: feeding time Interviewer 1: Okay. That's about what time of day? 596: Well uh on the farm like you say we sit around and talk well it's getting feeding time because late evening. Well maybe if the days is short it must be only about five o clock or something like that but if the days is long, maybe it's about seven o clock or something like that because it's feeding time. You get up and go feed Interviewer 1: Okay what is um the time of day of evening? Now when would you-when would you just kind of roughly say that evening begins? Well af-after twelve oh clock 596: #1 we say after-yeah afternoon # Interviewer 1: #2 afternoon you mean # 596: well the evening starts. Interviewer 1: When is afternoon then? Ya know when you say it's in the afternoon? 596: In the afternoon right after you done eat dinner we call it after twelve o clock Interviewer 1: Okay then would afternoon and evening be the same thing? 596: Yes ma'am Afternoon it's since it's afternoon. Interviewer 1: Okay and then you could say one oh clock would be in the evening too? 596: yeah and you say one oh clock in the evening then say well it was in the afternoon what time about in the afternoon well about one or two oh clock or something like that maybe three Interviewer 1: I see so- 596: but it's in the afternoon. Interviewer 1: Uh would six oh clock be in the evening? 596: Well yes that's still in the evening that's not night yet. Interviewer 1: Alright now evening goes right up to night? 596: Right up to night yeah Interviewer 1: and when does night start? 596: Well in the short I mean when the days are short, uh night can start as long by six oh clock but when the day is long night as long as seven or eight oh clock before night starts. Interviewer 1: Okay so it depends on when it gets dark? 596: that's right. Interviewer 1: I see and then when would you say um when would you say morning starts then? 596: Well I mean about after daylight after-after a while by break of day daylight something like that morning starts morning. Well of course you know morning starts anytime after twelve oh clock at night Interviewer 1: Mm-hmm 596: that's when it starts in the morning. Interviewer 1: Oh when you use the term? 596: #1 Well we start # Interviewer 1: #2 would you say # 596: We start at because we usually get up around there. After we get up in the early morning we call that the morning ya know but still we done start a lot of times before we get up Interviewer 1: Oh yeah What time do you wake up in the morning? 596: Well I don't know I generally wake up around about five o clock or something. Sometimes I wake-I don't get up at the time I wake up sometimes. Interviewer 1: And that's why I was asking ya know they're two different things #1 aren't they? {laughing} # 596: #2 Yes ma'am yeah # Sometimes I don't get up when I wake up I just just fool around I just don't get up If I got something to do and I'll get up Interviewer 1: oh yeah 596: but if I ain't well I just fool around and won't get up. Interviewer 1: Alright then if your using talking about saying wake up ya know and then get up 596: yeah Interviewer 1: If your wife was still asleep after you woke up, you'd do what to her? You'd say I'd go 596: Well maybe I tell her wife you better wake up {X} you got enough sleep yet or something like that. {NW} Interviewer 1: In other words you'd wake her up #1 right? # 596: #2 yeah # that's right Interviewer 1: Okay one call that I missed a couple of calls here when we talk about how you call things 596: yeah Interviewer 1: How would you call a calf? 596: calf? called a soo calf soo calf soo calf yeah like that? Interviewer 1: And um what do you say to mules or horses to make them turn right or left when you're plowing? 596: Well I wanna go right, I tell 'em gee. Wanna go left tell 'em haw. yeah that's I say plow Interviewer 1: How do ya tell 'em to back up when you're plowing? 596: Well back up, I'll get on Hal I be pulling on him out there {NW} Yay! Yay! Yay! means back up Interviewer 1: #1 Oh # 596: #2 Going yay! # Interviewer 1: #1 Yay? # 596: #2 That means back up # Interviewer 1: Ah How do you tell 'em to stop? 596: Whoa Interviewer 1: I see 596: Whoa Interviewer 1: Whoa Um how do you get 'em to start? 596: Come up! Interviewer 1: Come up? 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: Alright suppose you want 'em to go a little faster 596: Well you can Come up! You just gonna flash them with your line ya know maybe sort of flash them or or if you got a whip sort of wave the whip at 'em or sort of touch them with the whip something like that he know what you mean. Interviewer 1: He got the picture {C: laughing} 596: {X} {NW} Interviewer 1: Do you ever- If y'all around here do you ever cluck to 'em? 596: yes ma'am you click-yes we cluck to 'em Interviewer 1: #1 Say # 596: #2 That's right. # Interviewer 1: #1 {NW} or what? # 596: #2 {NW} # #1 Come up! yeah like that. # Interviewer 1: #2 I see # 596: Well it's Sometime he drag around don't wanna go and you gotta holler at him and make him move up Interviewer 1: Oh do you? 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Do you ever plow with the lines around your neck 596: No I they didn't practice that Interviewer 1: That seems like kind of dangerous doesn't it? 596: Oh it's too dangerous Yeah you got a mean animal he taking over the run Uh-uh he might Interviewer 1: Did you ever have one that took off from you? 596: Yes ma'am I've had all kinds yeah I use to didn't {X} If I did have one it was practice wanting to go and all like that I learned better than that Interviewer 1: You did? 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Um where-where do you put your lines when your plowing? 596: Well I have my lines on my hands you see have a loop in the lines me working in my hands and {X} as I plow Interviewer 1: #1 I see so you think # 596: #2 That's right # Interviewer 1: you could let your hands slip out of 'em? 596: oh yeah anytime I got ready let my hands slip out Interviewer 1: I see 596: that's right Interviewer 1: Um If you want to get your horses ready to plow you say your going out to do what to them? 596: {D: I'm going out there to feed 'em or curr 'em.} Interviewer 1: talking about putting the stuff on you know the lines oh 'em 596: Oh putting my harnesses on 'em Interviewer 1: Alright now you say you're going to do what to 'em? 596: Yeah well I'd harness up my animals go go out to catch my animals and put the harness on 'em Interviewer 1: Now that's to plow 596: That's for plowing or used for wagon Interviewer 1: #1 for wagon? # 596: #2 for a wagon # Interviewer 1: Either one? 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Do you ever use the term gear 'em up? 596: Yes but I gear 'em up that's the same thing. Interviewer 1: That's the same thing? Would that-would you say gear 'em up if you were gonna hitch them to a wagon? 596: Well no that more sounds like you go hitch them to a plow. Interviewer 1: #1 Ah that's what I'm driving at your getting the picture there in a hurry {C:laughing}. # 596: #2 Yeah. yeah. yeah. # That's right. Interviewer 1: Alright um if you are driving the horse on a wagon what do you hold on to? {C: something knocking against wood} 596: Uh driving a horse on wagon? Interviewer 1: Mm-hmm 596: I hold the line that's about all I'm driving the wagon- Interviewer 1: Alright, when I say lines what are line made of? 596: Well sometime you got plow lines and if you plowing, you got cotton lines Interviewer 1: Cotton lines? 596: cotton lines you plow. Course now you driving a wagon you got leather lines #1 you see # Interviewer 1: #2 I see # 596: you got leather lines. Interviewer 1: If you're riding a horse what do you hold onto? 596: Well you got the rein, bridle rein. Interviewer 1: Alright 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer 1: #2 Uh # you put your feet in the what? 596: Stirrup Interviewer 1: Um If something is not right near at hand you'd say its just a what down the road just a little 596: just a little piece down the road. Interviewer 1: Alright {C: laughing} Is that any special distance? 596: No Not no certain distance just-just a little piece down the road Interviewer 1: Okay can you say that it if you're talking about that it's pretty far or something's pretty far away {C: vehicle passing} 596: Yes Interviewer 1: say that's a f- {C: vehicle passing} 596: Well they say that's well that's about a quarter from here or half a mile or Interviewer 1: Would you ever say a far piece or a fur piece? 596: No we never did use that word Interviewer 1: That-that-when you say piece though it really means small 596: yes ma'am that's right just a piece not none no maybe a couple a couple hundred yards you say something like that Interviewer 1: I see Okay if something if you're looking to buy something and you could-you don't have to go any special place every store would have it 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: you can say ah you'll find that just in any 596: Yeah just any of these stores you'll find that. Interviewer 1: or just anywhere 596: anywhere you'll find that just anywhere. Interviewer 1: Alright If someone falls and they fall this way ya know back this way, say he fell back 596: yeah mm-hmm Interviewer 1: How-how what would you say he fell? 596: He fell backwards. Interviewer 1: Okay or he fell 596: forwards Interviewer 1: Okay ever hear people say frontwards? 596: No not so much you say forwards. Interviewer 1: Alright that's fine Um Thinking about farmland, ya know if you have uh- if you got rid of all the brush and the trees you say you did what to the land? 596: I cleaned it up. #1 yeah yeah # Interviewer 1: #2 alright # Do you ever say cleared? 596: Cleared up well that's right cleared up clean up thats about the same thing. Interviewer 1: Okay I'm just interested in what you #1 would say that's all or if you've heard # 596: #2 Yes ma'am yes ma'am that's right. # Interviewer 1: #1 people say # 596: #2 That's right # Interviewer 1: Uh what would you call a old dried dead grass that's left over on the ground in the spring? Ya know after you mow I guess when do you mow in the fall. #1 fall? # 596: #2 yeah # uh-huh Interviewer 1: Uh you have something leftover sometimes on the ground in the spring, what would you call that? 596: We'd call it some dead grass. Interviewer 1: You ever call that the second cutting? 596: That's right yeah Interviewer 1: Have you heard that? 596: yes Interviewer 1: Would you be likely to say it? 596: yes um second cutting of old grass. Interviewer 1: Okay they ever grow wheat around here? 596: No they didn't grow no wheat in this part of the country. Interviewer 1: Alright would you happen by any chance to know what wheat's tied up into when you cut it?? 596: bundles Interviewer 1: Okay you do know 596: #1 yeah # Interviewer 1: #2 about wheat # 596: #1 well I know-I know about what it # Interviewer 1: #2 {NW} # 596: oughta-oughta be done how it was done but I didn't never seen no- Interviewer 1: but you never did grow any 596: no never did grow none. Interviewer 1: Uh then you gather the bundles into what? 596: um after you gather the bundles I guess into the reaper I reckon. Interviewer 1: Okay 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Ever grow any oats around here? 596: Yes we grow oats around here long time Interviewer 1: What do you do with oats after it's grown? Do what to it? 596: Beat 'em and take 'em and cut 'em where they harvest 'em and uh and uh course you put 'em in bundles like that yeah. Interviewer 1: Um oats is-oats-you did what to oats to get the grains away from- 596: Well ya thrash 'em yes ma'am thrash oats Interviewer 1: alright um {NW} Comparing how tall you are to somebody else you'll say well he's not as tall- 596: No he's not as tall as I am but he's-he's a tall person but I don't think he's quite as quite as tall as me something like that Interviewer 1: Okay if you compare again you'd say on the other hand I'm not as tall as 596: Nah I'm not as tall as he is. Interviewer 1: Okay 596: he's taller man than I am Interviewer 1: If a man has been running for two miles and then he had to stop, you'd say well two miles is as he could go. 596: Mm-hmm that's two miles as far as he could go. Interviewer 1: #1 Okay fine # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: Uh comparing how well you can do something 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: you say well he can do it better than 596: better than I can! yeah Interviewer 1: If something belongs to me and I say whose book is this, 596: mm-hmm Interviewer 1: you'd say it's 596: yours Interviewer 1: alright or if it belongs to your wife you'd say it's 596: it's hers Interviewer 1: or a man it's 596: that's his Interviewer 1: or two people it's 596: both of 'em Interviewer 1: {NW} both of them {C: laughing} {C: pounding in background} {NW} {C: pounding in background} You're sneaky {C: laughing} {C: pounding in background} Alright when people had been to visit you {C: pounding in background} and they're about to leave you might s-what might you say to them? 596: Come back! Interviewer 1: Alright or something else you might say. 596: Yeah come again yeah something like that I enjoyed ya something like that. Interviewer 1: Alright you ever-would you ever say y'all come back? 596: Yes ma'am that's right that's right. Interviewer 1: How would you say that? 596: Y'all-I just say y'all come again when you feel like it. Interviewer 1: Alright {C: laughing} alright now would I-I'm what I'm of course exploring here is how we use that term y'all 596: I say you- Interviewer 1: ya know #1 is that # 596: #2 I say # Interviewer 1: would you ever say that just to one person? 596: No I mean that if there's two I say you all if there's one I just say well you come back again when you feel like Interviewer 1: Okay you wouldn't-they always accuse us of using that for one person we only use it for more than that. 596: That's right that's right yes. Interviewer 1: Alright if um if you had several people who came to visit you that had coats you know and they maybe left 'em inside on the bed, 596: yeah Interviewer 1: would this sound right to you to say where are you all's coats? 596: No well #1 if there's more than one, # Interviewer 1: #2 y'all's coats? # Uh huh if there's more than one 596: I'd say well I-I-I might ask them that where are you all's coats?. Interviewer 1: Okay so it would be possible #1 to use it # 596: #2 yes # Interviewer 1: that way 596: yes ma'am Interviewer 1: Um then if you were talking about people at church you know and maybe your wife went and you didn't, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: would it sound right to you to say who all was there? 596: Well well- Interviewer 1: Who all was at church this morning? 596: Well I wouldn't say who all was there I'd say is there any special person I wanna know about that was sitting in church this morning Interviewer 1: Okay 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Um would the expression who all's children were there sound right to you? 596: Well no I wouldn't say it like that who all's children- Interviewer 1: you wouldn't say that? 596: No Interviewer 1: Alright uh talking about what the preacher was saying, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: would you ever ask anybody what all did he have to say? No I wouldn't ask that {X} 596: You can think about what all he said unless there was a tape recorder. Interviewer 1: Okay thanks. If no one else will look out for them, you say they've gotta look out for 596: for themselves. Interviewer 1: And if no one else will do it for 'em, you say he better do it 596: better do it for himself better do it hisself. Interviewer 1: okay What kind of bread is made of flower and and baked in loaves? 596: um We call it light bread Interviewer 1: #1 alright # 596: #2 wheat bread. # Interviewer 1: Sir? 596: Wheat bread we call it yes. Interviewer 1: Which would you say? 596: I call it light bread. Interviewer 1: That's what I call it too. {NW} Uh what other kinds of bread do you think of that are made from flour? 596: Well I-well I-I don't know. Interviewer 1: You might-your wife might bake a pan of 596: Well cake you talking about cake? Interviewer 1: No I'm thinking about bread #1 really, not cakes. # 596: #2 Bread? # Interviewer 1: She might bake a pan of what for #1 breakfast? # 596: #2 Biscuits! # #1 Oh yeah biscuit! # Interviewer 1: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary: {X} 596: She- I almost thought about that because that what she do all the time. Interviewer 1: Ah you a biscuit maker? 596: #1 Ah she makes biscuits. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer 1: #1 Does he? # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: Can you make biscuits Mr.- {B} 596: Yes ma'am I can 'em but I'd hate to do it ya know #1 but I can. # Interviewer 1: #2 Really? # 596: I just hate I would hate to {X} but she can-she can just ya know right now make 'em right now. Interviewer 1: Ah 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: What do you bake in a large cake that's made out of cornmeal? 596: Uh a large cake that we- folks used to call it griddle cake. Interviewer 1: Griddle cake? 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Now how do you ma-make those? Are those a fried on a griddle or 596: I don't know they call it griddle cake but I don't know how that's done. Interviewer 1: There's something else you make out of cornmeal that we eat a lot of. 596: Oh cornbread. Interviewer 1: Alright now what-how is it made? 596: Well cornbread w-well it's made ya take your meal you course-you take your meal ya sift ya meal. Maybe you uh scald it and put a little milk in it salt, or bacon {D:parts} or whatever you gonna do egg in it or whatever you gonna wherever you wanna fix it. Well then stir it all up and put it in your skillet in your bake oven whatever you gonna bake it in. I-I use a skillet. Interviewer 1: Do you make cornbread? 596: Yes ma'am I make cornbread. #1 Pour a little # 596: #2 Ah ha! # grease in the bottom of the skillet ya know and and Auxiliary: #1 {X} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer 1: He can't what? {C: laughing} #1 What are you giggling about? {C:laughing} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # so well {NW} Interviewer 1: I noticed you were giggling over here in the background at his description {C: laughing}. {NW} Auxiliary: He can make good bread but he can't {X} {NW} Oh Lordy Interviewer 1: {NW} But you bake it right? 596: I bake it. Interviewer 1: Ah! 596: I just throw on about three hundred or something like that {NW} Interviewer 1: Do ya always put an egg in it? 596: No you don't have to put egg in it, you don't have to. Interviewer 1: If you don't put an egg in it do you still call it cornbread? 596: Yes ma'am right on. Interviewer 1: Do you ever hear that called hot water bread? 596: Yes ma'am I've heard that. Interviewer 1: Is that the same as what I'm talking about? 596: Well it's pretty way of The hot water you use that to keep 'em so it won't be so crumbly when you get it cooked. Interviewer 1: Alright in that case you-the liquid you put in is hot water 596: Yes ma'am That's right Interviewer 1: I see Uh ever hear of any kind of cornbread that you baked in the ashes? 596: Yes that's right. Interviewer 1: It have a name? 596: yes ma'am ash bread Interviewer 1: ash bread? 596: yeah that's right Interviewer 1: Um the-is there any kind that um Oh let me find out this though, you cook yours round in a #1 skillet right? # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. That's right. # Interviewer 1: {D: Alright now do you call that a pong? What's a pong?} 596: {D: Well that's what a pong, it's a pong or you cook it in} {D: in ya know in a square pan it can be a pong but-} Interviewer 1: {D: That can be a pong?} 596: {D: Yeah but ya-any kind of thing you cook it in, it could be a pong.} Interviewer 1: Oh 596: yeah Interviewer 1: {D: A pong just means that it refers to the whole big piece.} 596: That's right. Interviewer 1: Did you ever #1 make cornbread # 596: #2 {D:corn of bread} # Interviewer 1: between your hands like this and either fried or bake it? 596: I've seen it like that. I've seen folk cook it like that. Interviewer 1: Would that be called anything different? 596: No I reckon not I don't know just {NS} Interviewer 1: #1 Okay # 596: #2 bread. # Interviewer 1: Um there's a kind of bread that's made with cornmeal that they put onion in and maybe some green peppers #1 but they fry it # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: in fish grease. 596: yeah mm-hmm Well I don't know people use to call that- ol' folk call that cush something like that. Interviewer 1: Cush? 596: cush Interviewer 1: I wanna ask you about cush. {NW} Um th-that's wh-what how do you make cush? #1 What does it look like? Is it- # 596: #2 I don't know I-I-I # Interviewer 1: Does it look like bread or does it look like cereal? 596: Well it looks like- it looks sorta like cereal something like that. Interviewer 1: Now if you took #1 cornbread # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: and you put it ya know in a pot 596: #1 with water and you stirred it around- # Interviewer 1: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. Mm-hmm # cornmeal right? 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: 'til it got kind of thick, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: what would that be called? 596: That'd be called-call that gruel they use to call it. Interviewer 1: Gruel, suppose it was thicker than #1 gruel. # 596: #2 yes # that's right Interviewer 1: Suppose it got real thick like oatmeal. 596: well yes ma'am I don't know. What else you all it? Interviewer 1: They ever call that mush? 596: Yes mush or something like that. Interviewer 1: Alright mush? 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Um then cush doesn't look like mush. 596: no Interviewer 1: Okay it looks like 596: I didn't know how they made it ya know but Interviewer 1: What did it look like I guess when you saw it? Just 596: Well you know cush and dressing what you call dressing Interviewer 1: yeah 596: that's about the same thing #1 just about it # Interviewer 1: #2 Ah # 596: Yeah. They're about the same. They cook-they fixed about alike Interviewer 1: Now Mrs. {B} down here mentioned that #1 and she said # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: that as she remembered that it was something like maybe crumbled up cornbread and you add something some seasons to it and then add water or #1 some kind of liquid # 596: #2 well that- # Interviewer 1: and bake it. 596: That's right. Interviewer 1: #1 Now does that kind of sound like what your thinking like. # 596: #2 That's right yes yes ma'am that's right. # Yeah that way they make dressing {X} Interviewer 1: Yeah 596: They would call it dressing yeah. Interviewer 1: Right okay good. Uh what I was thinking of a minute ago was hush puppies. 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Have you ever had hush-made hush puppies? 596: No no I have probably seen them but I don't- I don't know how they're made no sure don't. Interviewer 1: Okay there's something else that I'll question about that you make probably with cornmeal 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: and you put down in with greens to cook 'em there put 'em in little bags #1 sometimes. # 596: #2 Yes I've heard # talk of that too I sure heard talk about- but I never seen none of it. In all my days coming up never did eat none of 'em. Interviewer 1: You don't know what they were called? 596: No I sure don't Interviewer 1: Is that-what about when I say dumplings, what do you think of? 596: Well I hear-well I dumplings course now you can make that out of flour. Interviewer 1: #1 yeah now that is # 596: #2 Now in this day and and time # Interviewer 1: I was gonna ask 596: #1 yeah # Interviewer 1: #2 was # that flower? Well I used to hear my-my parents talk about meal dumplings and I asked them how did they do it they say like you said while ago ya put 'em in little bags or somehow another and cook it somehow or another I don't know how they done it 596: #1 but I hear 'em talk about it. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 596: Meal dumplings but I never did eat none. Interviewer 1: Have you eaten the flower dumplings? 596: Yes ma'am {X} Interviewer 1: Now how-what are they cooked with? 596: Well if you going with chicken uh #1 uh maybe # Interviewer 1: #2 Did they # 596: #1 uh fresh backbone # Interviewer 1: #2 you just drop that in regular- # 596: or something like that. Interviewer 1: If you're gonna drop that in-you drop it into the-the liquid you don't put it in bags? 596: No ma'am. No ma'am. You just make that out-make your dough up you know make it out of whatever you know and cut them little blocks and take it up while its-while its cooking you take a little block and drop it in there ya know and time to get another piece {D: that hasn't cooked} like {NW} Interviewer 1: yeah I-I know what you're talking about. My mother cooked them but {C: others laughing in background} #1 she made hers # 596: #2 that's right # Interviewer 1: she made hers #1 with flour # 596: #2 and don't and-and # and-and don't ever stir 'em #1 Don't stir 'em # Interviewer 1: #2 No! # 596: #1 {D: due to their} # Interviewer 1: #2 {X} # 596: due to their stickiness stick or lump up or something like that. Interviewer 1: I tried to make 'em one time 596: yeah Interviewer 1: and mine were like glue. 596: #1 What?{C:while laughing} # Interviewer 1: #2 You know # you bit into 'em and they stuck to your whole mouth and it would taste like paste it was terrible {C: others laughing in background} {NW} Oh I don't know. {C: others laughing in background} My mother was one of those you know you all-we were laughing at it ago at Mr {B} he could do it but he couldn't tell how to do it, well now my- you know a lot of cooks, good cooks, are that way {C: others laughing in background} #1 and they can't # 596: #2 That's true! # Interviewer 1: you do it by the touch #1 and uh # 596: #2 that's right # Interviewer 1: by knowing how to do it. 596: That's right that's right. Interviewer 1: Uh talking about there are two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's 596: yeah-yeah Interviewer 1: there's the kind you buy you call it what kind of bread? 596: uh Interviewer 1: you might say there's a lot of difference between homemade bread and 596: a-a-a-and-and um homemade bread and bought bread might-may say homemade biscuits and bought biscuits whole lot different. It's a whole lot different than that. Interviewer 1: Oh have you had those canned biscuits? 596: yes {X} Interviewer 1: {NW} {D:there} {NW} 596: but th-th-they and I don't care how they in them can or like when ya burst 'em and all like that they jump out and all like that. Interviewer 1: {NW} You don't care whether they jump out? 596: Nah they but they ain't good as these homemade biscuits, just ain't as good. It ain't. Uh-uh. When one gets hard you get a- I mean when it gets cold, it'd be hard to knock a dog down with it ya know Interviewer 1: (NW) 596: and there ain't no softening to it neither. Interviewer 1: {NW} Oh that's funny {NW} 596: But now these homemade biscuits won't do that Interviewer 1: No! No. 596: They won't do that. Uh-Uh. Interviewer 1: They stay fresh longer don't they too? 596: Ma'am? Interviewer 1: The homemade stay softer- 596: oh yeah that's right Auxiliary: Some don't need hardening and #1 some need # Interviewer 1: #2 yeah well # when I make 'em #1 {X} # 596: #2 If you don't make 'em right they will # if you don't make them right. Interviewer 1: I've gotten to where I can make biscuits, but I couldn't-I don't want try dumplings again. That was-that was too-that was a shock. Auxiliary: #1 You love dumplings? # 596: #2 Sure enough # Interviewer 1: Um I loved them when my mother made them, but I-you know after I tried it and it didn't work {NW} 596: Now she make 'em {X} She make 'em and anybody eat 'em if they eat dumplings at all. Interviewer 1: Oh really? #1 Are you a good cook Mrs # 596: #2 That's right # Interviewer 1: {B} a good cook? 596: Oh she's a good cook. Yeah yeah she's a good cook. Now I tell ya right before her face she's a good cook. Interviewer 1: Ah that's- 596: That's right Interviewer 1: #1 That's good. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah Interviewer 1: Uh did your mother or anybody you know ever make donuts? Auxiliary: No Do you want a fan? Interviewer 1: No ma'am I'm fine I'm just fine- 596: No my-my mother didn't make no donuts. Interviewer 1: Have you ever seen anyone making any? 596: No I ain't seen nobody making 'em. I just ain't seen {X} Interviewer 1: Um sometimes you'll make up a batter, this might be what you thinking about a while ago, some times you make up a batter and you fry some little #1 {X}. Three or four at a time # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. {X} # We call them muffins Interviewer 1: muffins? muffins Auxiliary: you fry muffins? yeah I think we muffins yeah we fry 'em Interviewer 1: Okay how are they made? Auxiliary: Sort of like you're talking about made so like a donut ya know uh you know I don't know how they call it 596: #1 {NW} # Interviewer 1: #2 Okay # Are they fried piece of {C: laughing in background} {B} Are muffins fried? Auxiliary: yes ma'am Interviewer 1: Now I don't know how you do that because I think of muffins as you know put 'em in the oven and bake 'em Auxiliary: I have fried 'em and make 'em and bake 'em in the oven to do 'em {X} Interviewer 1: What-What type of flour do you use? Auxiliary: Just same kind- Interviewer 1: I mean its like wheat flour white flour? Auxiliary: yes ma'am flour that you like to make biscuits with Interviewer 1: Well I didn't know that! 596: That's right Interviewer 1: No I haven't really cross that before. How do you eat 'em? What do eat 'em with? Auxiliary: Eat 'em with anything You can eat 'em as dessert {C: vehicle passing} you can eat 'em with any kind of dessert {C: vehicle passing} {X} {C: vehicle passing} 596: I remember long time ago I use to go to school Interviewer 1: {X} 596: momma picked up a muffin like that ya know and split 'em open and put jelly in 'em ya know like that and Auxiliary: Mm yeah I could hardly wait 'til dinner time comes. Interviewer 1: I'll bet {NW} Auxiliary: they fluff way up they look they're real big but they ain't nothing in 'em 596: Nah they ain't nothing to 'em Auxiliary: #1 you measure them out as # Interviewer 1: #2 and you fry them? # Auxiliary: #1 thin as they can be # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm # Auxiliary: then when you put 'em in that hot grease and they just puff right up 596: yeah that's right Interviewer 1: That's interesting Auxiliary: #1 yeah # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: No I've never run across that before When I think of muffins you know I think of the kind you put in the-in the muffin {D: tin} 596: yeah bake 'em in Interviewer 1: #1 the oven. # 596: #2 yeah Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: These sound good. 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Um well what I'm thinking of maybe is something a little bit different from that, what I was originally thinking of, and that's something that you'd fry maybe on a-a griddle #1 not fry that really- # Auxiliary: #2 You thinking of batter cakes. # Interviewer 1: #1 yeah that's what I'm thinking about. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. Batter cakes # Auxiliary: {X} salt 596: yeah Interviewer 1: #1 what were they? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer 1: What do you call those? Auxiliary: They call them glitters 596: glitters yeah Interviewer 1: #1 glitter? # Auxiliary: #2 flapjacks # some people call 'em flapjacks 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Oh now you were calling- you said something else before that. 596: Uh Interviewer 1: battered? 596: uh uh batter cake! Interviewer 1: Is that the same thing #1 as glitter? # 596: #2 Yes # yes that's the same thing. Interviewer 1: They're all the same thing? 596: #1 same thing # Interviewer 1: #2 What do you # eat those with? Or how do you eat- 596: I eat 'em with syrup like that- Interviewer 1: eat 'em for #1 breakfast and that or # 596: #2 yes ma'am # Interviewer 1: #1 not necessarily- # 596: #2 Well I eat 'em anytime while they're hot. # They to get cold you can't eat 'em. Auxiliary: can't do that 596: No it gets cold you can't eat a cold batter cake. Got to eat them while they hot. Interviewer 1: Uh what is it that you put in bread, that's not baking powder or soda, to make it rise? You put in a #1 cake of- # 596: #2 yeast # yeast Interviewer 1: #1 alright # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: Uh you have an egg and you crack it and there are two parts of it 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: You have the 596: white and the uh Auxiliary: yellow 596: and the yellow and of course the yolk Interviewer 1: #1 okay- # 596: #2 one # they call the yolk {X} {NS} yolk I believe they call 'em Interviewer 1: okay 596: I never did no which is the yellow or the white is called the yolk. Interviewer 1: No {NW} 596: one of them called the yolk though Interviewer 1: okay Uh talking about the way you buy flour now you buy it in packages of course 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Uh with about one pound you know you'll have a pound or more {C: vehicle passing} 596: Yeah Interviewer 1: You say I'm going to the store and I bought two what of flour? {C: vehicle passing} 596: two packages of flour Interviewer 1: or two pounds? {C: vehicle passing} 596: or two pounds or something like that Interviewer 1: alright If you have eggs and you um put them in water and let the water boil and cook the eggs without breaking the eggs Mm-hmm when you're through you have what? 596: A soft boiled egg? a broach egg soft boiled egg Interviewer 1: Alright now suppose you let the water come to a boil and then you crack the egg and slid it down in there. Then what would you have when they were done? 596: I don't know I wouldn't know I thought-I didn't know you crack the egg and uh put it in the boiling water Interviewer 1: yeah the water comes to a boil #1 and sometime # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: you take the water off #1 for sometime # 596: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer 1: you don't and you crack the egg and let it kind of slide down in there. 596: Mm-hmm I don't know I always call it soft boiled or either hard boiled egg one way or the other Interviewer 1: alright did you ever hear of porched eggs #1 or poached eggs or- # 596: #2 yes ma'am yes # I've heard that Interviewer 1: Have you-would you know what that meant? 596: No that's just a-it's a egg I think you-you put some-you hot water you break the egg and cook it in hot water steal the grease Interviewer 1: Okay Auxiliary: put in in water and steal the grease 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Alright what would you call that? 596: A broached egg. Interviewer 1: That's the broached egg? 596: yeah broached egg yeah Interviewer 1: okay Fat, salt, pork is #1 called # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm Fat soft pork? Interviewer 1: Fat, salt, pork 596: Oh that's uh we call that uh-I call it salt meat that what I call that. Interviewer 1: Salt meat? 596: Salt meat. Interviewer 1: Alright uh that's the kind that you cook with turnip greens? #1 or some kind of greens # 596: #2 yes ma'am. that's right # Interviewer 1: Alright, what would you call it if it had a good bit of lean in it? 596: call that there uh bacon Interviewer 1: Bacon? 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Alright now is that the same- what would you-what is that that you buy that's sliced real thin- 596: that's sliced bacon Interviewer 1: okay that you fry #1 with the eggs, that's what you're talking about. # 596: #2 Yes. Yes ma'am. That's right # Interviewer 1: Alright now this other is a little bit different # Interviewer 1: #1 isn't it? # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. # yes ma'am. Interviewer 1: Okay um {NS} When y-you say um Hmm what was I going to say? Oh! The hard outside part of this-of bacon ya know that you-if you buy a whole piece of it you gotta cut it off 596: yeah Interviewer 1: That's the what? 596: Rind if the skin on it Interviewer 1: Alright that's the same thing? 596: Yes Interviewer 1: Alright uh if cut out the whole side of the hog 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: That's the what? 596: That's the bacon cut out the midland we call it- Interviewer 1: yeah midland is #1 what I was thinking of. # 596: #2 yeah-yeah. # midland Interviewer 1: Do ever hear of the bacon called midland meat? Or hear anything called midland meat? 596: yes ma'am that's right Interviewer 1: What would that be? 596: Well I just-that is just a that-that like we talking about that whole slide of bacon. Interviewer 1: That'd be the whole 596: yes ma'am Interviewer 1: a slab of bacon? 596: yes ma'am Interviewer 1: Alright 596: midland the meat {X} Went to town and bought a whole midland of meat and then he got a whole side. Interviewer 1: he got a whole side? 596: yeah a whole side that's right Interviewer 1: Alright um if the man at the grocery store that um cuts up meat 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: He's a 596: meat cutter Interviewer 1: or al- 596: butcher Interviewer 1: And there's a kind of meat that it's ground up hog meat #1 and you # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: stuff it inside the 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: the-the hog's intestines #1 sometime # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: That's what? 596: That's sausage {NW} Interviewer 1: You like-you sound like you might like some. {C: laughing} 596: Ooh yes! Auxiliary: That's what he does {X} 596: I make sausage every winter. Interviewer 1: You do? That's right. Still make sausage? 596: Yes. Every winter. Interviewer 1: Really? {D: I wonder if a lot of question I ask you here about sausage.} or about what you do with it ya know. You kill hogs? 596: yes Interviewer 1: {NW} I'll get that in just a second. If meat has been kept too long you say the meat has done what? 596: Well it got strong Interviewer 1: Alright after it gets strong then it finally-it's no good at all and you say it did what? It 596: No ma'am it's no good Interviewer 1: It's {NW} 596: spoiled Interviewer 1: Alright now that's worse than strong. 596: Well that's spoiled that's that-that's #1 worst than- that's right. # Interviewer 1: #2 {NW} # Have you ever heard the term rank 596: #1 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer 1: #2 about meat? # 596: That's right. Interviewer 1: Now is rank not as bad as strong? 596: No it's about the same thing Interviewer 1: about the same thing 596: about the same thing Interviewer 1: but spoiled is 596: oh it's gone it's Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: ain't nothing to it spoiled is just spoiled Interviewer 1: And when you kill hogs do you make anything out of the head? 596: Yes I make hog head cheese Interviewer 1: Alright is that the same thing as sous? yes ma'am. same thing Um do you ever make anything out of the liver? 596: no no more than just fry just cook it ya know Interviewer 1: Alright. You didn't ever make any liver cheese #1 or liver sausage or anything # 596: #2 No. No # Interviewer 1: {D: that took}? 596: No Interviewer 1: Did you ever know anyone who made anything out of the blood? 596: I am sure that make pudding out of the- no but I didn't see no-I never did see none Interviewer 1: Mm Think you'd ever eat any? 596: No Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: I don't think I ever want any. {NW} Interviewer 1: Um Did you ever take the juice that y-you make ya know from the hog head cheese and stir it up with some hog meat and fry it Come out with anything um to eat? 596: No not that I know of. Well you mean the-the-the grease which you press out of the hog head cheese? Interviewer 1: I think so yes 596: Yes ma'am I have it's as good as anything ya know I- Interviewer 1: What do you use it #1 for? # 596: #2 Well you # use that grease almost anything. It's hot and it got all kinda flavors in it and it's good, it's good to use Interviewer 1: What have you used it in? What sorts of things #1 have you used it on? # 596: #2 Well you can yeah # anything most Auxiliary: {X} 596: Anything else where you gonna cook ya know maybe {NW} some of the meat you gonna fry any kind you put that in that makes a good flavor to anything you cook Interviewer 1: Does it? 596: any kind of meat you gonna cook it make a good flavor to it. Now she can make hog and cheese well. Interviewer 1: Can ya? 596: She can make hog head cheese. Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: I'm telling ya! Interviewer 1: {NW} Uh when-you do this in the fall #1 don't you? # 596: #2 yes ma'am # in the winter, that's right. Interviewer 1: Well I'll tell you something right-right now I wish I were gonna be here Cause when I was a child my family killed hogs about Thanksgiving 596: sure enough Interviewer 1: #1 not my father but my uncle ya know # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. Yes ma'am # Interviewer 1: and we would go out there and I tell you there is nothing like, well I called-grew up calling it souse 596: Yes ma'am that's right. Interviewer 1: and it was-oh it's either ya know #1 either term but my family # 596: #2 oh yeah yeah # Interviewer 1: happened to call it souse and um there's nothing like homemade souse. 596: No Interviewer 1: Nothing like- and the stuff you buy at the store is terrible 596: {X} Interviewer 1: Mm 596: Now I guess that we had um uh you see the set of three number three tubs that we had it full of souse and it wouldn't last you don't know what time cause somebody be hearing about it and come #1 pouring in looking for ya. # Interviewer 1: #2 flying # Right. 596: #1 They would they'd come # Auxiliary: #2 {D: I'll bet} # 596: pouring in looking for it Interviewer 1: Uh did you ever hear of scrapple? {D: Scrapple or cripple?} from that something you cook. 596: No I don't know Interviewer 1: Haven't heard those terms? 596: No I hear about scramble. Scrambled eggs Interviewer 1: No I'm thinking about scrapple uh some case- it's something made with corn meal and hog juices 596: No I just don't know nothing about that Interviewer 1: Alright. 596: Sure don't Interviewer 1: Uh if you kept your butter too long so that it didn't taste good you'd say the butter 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: what would you say about the taste of it? 596: The butter done got strong, the butter done got old. something like that Interviewer 1: Alright. Did you ever say rancid? 596: Yes butter got ra-well I call it done got the rank of strong or somebody call it Interviewer 1: Okay 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: Thick sour milk 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: that people drink or eat, is what? 596: Well it got to much acid in it I would call it. Interviewer 1: No it's something people really like. or clabber? yeah that's what I was #1 thinking about. # 596: #2 Cla- # Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: Clabber or buttermilk. Interviewer 1: They're not the same thing now #1 are they? # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer 1: They are the same thing? 596: Yes ma'am. Well uh course buttermilk is-is-is a milk which you as-you churn get the butter out of it then you know that's why it's called buttermilk but clabber that's a milk where it just turn getting ready for its churning. Interviewer 1: I see 596: yes ma'am #1 I see # Interviewer 1: #2 It's getting ready # 596: for it to churn that's clabber milk. When it's thick ya know its ready for a churning. Interviewer 1: I see 596: but then Interviewer 1: Did you ever make cheese out of the clabber? Anybody ever- 596: No I never-I have eat it though but I-I never did see it. We did make none here. I've eaten it though. Interviewer 1: Alright. Uh what's the first thing you do to milk when you-after you milk? Auxiliary: Strained it, first thing we did. Interviewer 1: Alright There's a dessert I'm thinking about that's baked in a deep dish that's made with apples and has several layers of apples and crust. 596: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: #2 And it # ya know one after the other. 596: Yeah. {X} Interviewer 1: Sometimes called apple something. 596: Applesauce something like that apple? Interviewer 1: Um #1 No ever hear- # 596: #2 No not sauce but apple # {NS} I don't know Interviewer 1: Ever hear of apple cobbler? 596: Yes that's right I #1 started to say # Interviewer 1: #2 well- # 596: Well I was started to say apple pie started to say well a while ago but now I didn't need to say it Interviewer 1: Now when you say apple pie 596: Well Interviewer 1: uh does it have two crusts with the apple between or can it be made different ways? 596: Well you make it different way you can have you don't have but one crust at the bottom if you wants to or you can have crust on top if you wants to called apple pie. Interviewer 1: Oh how would a- you make apple cobbler then? 596: Well that's same thing #1 Apple-a-apple cobbler # Interviewer 1: #2 It's the same thing? # 596: ain't a thing but just- Interviewer 1: Mrs. {B} here is saying something w-what she what she giving instructions from? Auxiliary: Dumplings is apple #1 cobbler # 596: #2 Right! # I was fixing to say that #1 just need some dumplings in there. # Auxiliary: #2 (X) # {X} #1 I just couldn't say that # 596: #2 {X} # what the cobbler is. Auxiliary: good that way. 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: Now what you say it to me so-say it repeat what she said so I can get it. 596: Yeah see the apple is apple {X} uh cobbler when the thing but just some apples just like you can make like go make peach cobbler or something like that Interviewer 1: Uh-huh 596: You see you put your dumplings in there and ya play with it you know whatever and the ingredients in there what you call 'em Interviewer 1: and then what she said something about you drop the crust of the pastry down into it like dumplings 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer 1: Now that's apple #1 cobbler # 596: #2 apple # apple cobbler Interviewer 1: and apple dumplings are the same #1 thing # 596: #2 same thing # Interviewer 1: same thing 596: same thing Interviewer 1: Okay #1 If somebody has a # 596: #2 same thing # Interviewer 1: good appetite you say- Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer 1: Oh you put a crust on top of it then Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer 1: Oh you put a crust on top of the pie then and-on top of the dumplings and the apple #1 mixture # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: I see If someone has a good appetite you say mm that man sure likes to put away his 596: {NW} his food? Interviewer 1: Alright you ever use {D:bittles?} 596: {D: Yes bittles that's right.} Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: That's the truth yeah Interviewer 1: Uh what do you call a sweet liquid that you pour over pudding? or over cake? 596: uh you ain't talking about jelly is you gel? Interviewer 1: No I'm you know people use to make a kind of dessert where they'd make a cake you know just a plain cake then they'd cook- 596: pour syrup over it or some kind of Interviewer 1: Yeah or sometime they would take it and mix up um milk or cream and some or sometime they'd make uh a kind of a custard like thing they poured over it. 596: I don't know. We call it icing we use call it. We put over cake and just made it all over just covered over it. Interviewer 1: Yeah that's not quite what I'm thinking about though. Do ever hear that referred to as sauce? 596: something or I know what you talking about Interviewer 1: My mother used to make what she'd call a one egg cake two egg cake and then she'd cook up um a kind of sauce that was like lemon sauce or she puts 596: put over it to uh Interviewer 1: poured over it 596: keep it make it {D: plime} I know what you talking about alright but I don't know what the name of- Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer 1: that would make it what? what'd you just say? That's interesting. 596: {D: Make it plime, make it soft you know make it} moisture Interviewer 1: {D: Alright you said plime?} 596: yes ma'am #1 {D: plime} # Interviewer 1: #2 That's an interesting # word I haven't heard that #1 one before # 596: #2 {D: yeah plime} # {D: That's right, that's plime.} Interviewer 1: That's talking about making foods soft? 596: Yes ma'am {D: A kind of lubricant ya know what they call plime} Interviewer 1: Would you say that about anything other than food? #1 {D: Anything else you'd say that makes it plime?} # 596: #2 No No No No # Interviewer 1: #1 That's interesting I hadn't heard that expression before # 596: #2 No No that's right # Interviewer 1: Okay um food taken between regular meals, you call that Say I'm going in to get a little 596: Uh get a little snack Interviewer 1: Alright is that very much food? 596: No it ain't much Interviewer 1: Suppose you were going in and have a right-good bit of it? 596: Well you say I'm going to get lunch, going to eat, going to eat my dinner or supper at break so you- Interviewer 1: That would be a regular meal? 596: Yes regular meal but you going in just a little {X} going to get a little snack Interviewer 1: Okay 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: The black liquid that you drink for breakfast is 596: coffee Interviewer 1: Alright and how do you make coffee? 596: Well I-well I use Interviewer 1: Now you use instant I bet. 596: No ma'am #1 No No # Interviewer 1: #2 No you don't! # 596: #1 No No # Interviewer 1: #2 {NW} # 596: Don't use no instant I-I got enough making instant coffee when I was in the hospital. Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: Our uh-the way I make coffee I just take uh get my coffee and put them in my uh percolator and pour that hot water over it just pour that hot water over it the amount that I want and sit it there and let it begin to steam I think it's about made well I take it and somebody pour it back over water and pour in That's coffee already done made then {NW} Interviewer 1: How did they make it back in the old days do you remember? 596: Well in the old days we use to take coffee and buy grain coffee ya know and take it and {D: potch it} Put them in a container and {D: potch it} while it's stirring ya know and put in just a little oh I used to see my mother put just a little ol' pinch of grease in that-in that coffee and kind of I don't know {D: keep it stirring while it's potching} That's when they just burns where you got it parked Interviewer 1: Uh-huh 596: And uh Then she didn't have at them times, you didn't have no what'd you call uh coffee meal. We had to grind it. You take a bottle and put it out there on 'em and roll it ya know. {NW} crack it pop it {NW} Interviewer 1: I like that Auxiliary: Well you got {X} ya know {X} you take it and put it in like you just like that other coffee But as you got a coffee meal she telling you to take a coffee meal ya know ya know and I did love when tell me come grind the coffee Interviewer 1: Oh did you? 596: I did ya know last bit ya know I just #1 shake it in my hands and put 'em in my mouth # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer 1: You eat it? 596: I would Interviewer 1: Ground coffee? 596: Ground coffee taste good Interviewer 1: #1 Really? # 596: #2 for homemade coffee # Interviewer 1: Aw I didn't know that 596: And then so I say if I ever got grown I was gonna drank coffee. Well I did I drank coffee. Course now I ain't drank coffee and I even not drink it It don't make no difference to me it's-it's I ain't got no habit of it. Interviewer 1: Does it keep you awake when you drink #1 it at night? # 596: #2 No # it don't bother me. Take no effect on me at all. {NW} I drank it or not drank it Interviewer 1: Hmm uh What do you drink when your thirsty? 596: Drink water {D: There's nothing takes place of water.} Interviewer 1: Ah and what-what did you drink it in? What was that she brought you? 596: Oh in a glass. Interviewer 1: #1 Alright # 596: #2 yeah # {X} Interviewer 1: If I drink, if-if I drink,if I drop a glass it might 596: break. Interviewer 1: Alright now I might say yesterday I two glasses 596: Yeah I broke two glasses Interviewer 1: and I sure have a lot of glasses #1 I sure have # 596: #2 Yeah that's right. mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: have what? have bro- 596: yeah I have a number of glasses and if I keep on dropping 'em I won't have none {NW} Interviewer 1: No what I wanted you- I'm using the word #1 break I want to say I sure # 596: #2 Yes ma'am, yes break. # Interviewer 1: have done what to 'em I sure have bro- 596: I sure have broke my glasses. I sure have broke a heap of glasses. Interviewer 1: Right 596: yeah Interviewer 1: and I do 596: Mm Interviewer 1: If I ask you how much water ya drink 596: #1 Mm # Interviewer 1: #2 ya might # say well I 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: I what? 596: Well I drink to uh so many glasses of water in a day's time or something like that. Interviewer 1: Alright 596: Maybe somedays I drink more than do at others. Interviewer 1: and then you might turn around ask me how much have you 596: How much have you drank? Interviewer 1: #1 Alright # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: When you have uh your family here and the family's standing around waiting and dinner gets ready 596: yeah Interviewer 1: How do you tell them to come to the table? What do you say? I tell 'em to tell 'em dinner's ready. y'all make ready for dinner #1 Okay # 596: #2 or # come out to dinner or whatever I say to 'em like that Interviewer 1: Alright do you tell 'em to- you ever tell 'em to sit down or to draw up or anything like that? 596: No ma'am I just tell 'em that dinner's ready when they come to the table. I'd like them to have a seat round you take your seat Interviewer 1: I see 596: round the table Interviewer 1: Alright Uh somebody comes into the dining room and you ask him won't you sit 596: yeah won't you sit here or won't you wanna have a seat? Interviewer 1: alright so then he did what? 596: He sit down he had a seat #1 he sit down. # Interviewer 1: #2 Alright and # nobody was left standing #1 they had all # 596: #2 nobody left standing # #1 that's right everybody was sitting down # Interviewer 1: #2 they had all # Alright they had all sat 596: all-all sit down Interviewer 1: If you want someone if there's some potatoes on the table 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: and you want someone to go ahead #1 and get some you might # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer 1: say go ahead and do what? 596: yeah get the potatoes Interviewer 1: or help 596: or-or or help yourself to the potatoes yeah that's right Interviewer 1: Okay you ever hear people say take out for that instead of help yourself go ahead and take out? 596: No ma'am I never hardly use that word Interviewer 1: #1 Sometimes you'd find that in some parts in the country # 596: #2 Yeah. That's right. Yeah. # Interviewer 1: So you told him to help himself so he went ahead and 596: and helped himself Interviewer 1: alright Um if you decide not to eat something, and somebody offered you for example some blood pudding, Mm-hmm how would-if that-you know you want to be nice about it #1 how would # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: you refuse it? 596: I just no I thank ya I wouldn't care for any. Interviewer 1: alright 596: that's right I tell him I thank ya I wouldn't care for none Interviewer 1: Food that's cooked and served a second time 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer 1: #1 is # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: is what? 596: Well uh food cooked and served the same as Interviewer 1: its cooked and then y-you know ya eat it one #1 meal then you have it again # Interviewer 1: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # You say its what? 596: It's cared over food. Interviewer 1: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Would you call # it like that? Interviewer 1: That's fine. 596: yeah Interviewer 1: You put food in your mouth and then you begin to 596: begin to chew Interviewer 1: What is this southern food that's, it's especially known for being in the south, that's often served with eggs? It's made out of brown corn. {C: squeaking noise} 596: Uh cornbread. Interviewer 1: Uh no I'm thinking about something a little different this time. It's made out of brown corn, it's kind of like cereal. 596: cereal? Interviewer 1: It's white and you put butter on it 596: Uh-huh Ah we call it, wouldn't call it hominy would you? Interviewer 1: You could is- 596: hominy Interviewer 1: Now is hominy big or is it all ground up #1 real fine # 596: #2 it's ground up fine # hominy is fine yeah Interviewer 1: Would it be the same thing as grits do you think? 596: Yes ma'am well they're the same thing. Hominy and grits about the same thing. Interviewer 1: Okay 596: Cause hominy just a little bit coarser than grits Interviewer 1: Oh it is? 596: yes just a little bit coarser Interviewer 1: It's a little bit #1 coarser # 596: #2 yes ma'am # That's why it's called hominy. Interviewer 1: People use to make hominy #1 using # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: #1 lye didn't they? # 596: #2 that's right # Well yes ma'am and she use-she used to make what's called lye hominy. See that is grains of corn and they take it and put that lye and somebody shell down and get that husk off of it. Interviewer 1: Mm-hmm 596: Husk come off the corn and that there leave the kernel of the corn there and that's what-that's what they eat. But that-first husk they come get it off somehow or another why they {X} wash it off someway or another. Interviewer 1: You call that what? Lye- 596: Lye hominy Interviewer 1: I see 596: Lye hominy Interviewer 1: That's cause it was made with lye? 596: #1 yeah # Interviewer 1: #2 You sure? # Um there's another kind of a starchy vegetable that people eat. They eat it a lot in China comes in long grains. 596: Yes ma'am I don't I #1 may not # Interviewer 1: #2 ri- # 596: #1 # Interviewer 1: #2 # 596: May not know about that Interviewer 1: ri- Auxiliary: rice 596: rice? Interviewer 1: #1 Yeah that's what I # 596: #2 Oh # I thought you said rye. Oh I didn't know I #1 I-I-I # Interviewer 1: #2 I was just giving ya # 596: I wasn't thinking about China making or growing so much rice Interviewer 1: I was just kind of giving you the #1 first sound of the word trying to remind you # 596: #2 I yeah yeah yeah yeah # Oh I know rice. Yeah we use to have it in this part of the country #1 Yeah I {D:understood that} # Interviewer 1: #2 raised right here in this country # I didn't know that. 596: sure did Raised rice #1 right there # Interviewer 1: #2 Um # In fact that's probably what I should've asked but I you know I'm not used to being in a place where they grow rice 596: yeah Interviewer 1: Um what are some terms that you remember or that you know of that people used to talk about Whiskey-you know that's made by people that don't pay taxes on it 596: Well they call uh what you mean their whiskey they make? Interviewer 1: yeah 596: Bootleg whiskey? Interviewer 1: Ah {C: laughing} {NW} Now is that the kind they make off in a still somewhere? 596: Yes ma'am that's what it is. Interviewer 1: #1 Alright # 596: #2 And then # now if you were talking about just steal whiskey somewhere or whiskey I say oh bootleg whiskey that's what it is. Interviewer 1: They ever have anything else they call it, that you remember? 596: No let me see. I don't know I might ask about- Auxiliary: white lightning 596: I m- yeah white lightning and all that kind of ol' stuff different things. Interviewer 1: Okay um what about beer, that they made at home? 596: Well- Interviewer 1: What would they call that? 596: homebrew? Interviewer 1: {NW} 596: homebrew. Interviewer 1: and I'm getting some very good smells coming from the back part of the house so you might say {C: sniffing sound} just that, just #1 {C: sniffing sound} # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: If it really ya know if it really smell good #1 to you # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer 1: ya might say to somebody #1 Just # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: #1 {C: sniffing sound} # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer 1: #1 that just # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Just {NW} well it smell good out you know what you would call that I- Interviewer 1: Would you say to somebody just take a whiff of that or 596: yeah Interviewer 1: smell that? 596: yeah yes yes that's right the scent of it or something Interviewer 1: What would you say? 596: I Oh I say oh come as I sure some- I smell something surely it smell good. {NW} Interviewer 1: Alright there's-you've-we've talked about this syrup. {D:It's something that they used to make out of cane} 596: yes ma'am that's right. Molasses what we call it In plain words molasses is syrup. Interviewer 1: It's same thing? 596: Yes ma'am they're the same thing. Interviewer 1: There's no difference in them at all? 596: No No Interviewer 1: Okay. Um if you talk about something-what of what's the-is-is there a kind of something like that that comes out of tree? {NS} 596: {X} But she made the bread. Interviewer: Oh I see, I see. Well I think after that description you gave for making bread I'd I'd at least make you made it one time. Oh my {X}. Yeah that is funny. {NW} Uh we're talking about weather. You know, we were just talking about it being hot. #1 I guess now is a good time to ask you about that. # 596: #2 You you. # Interviewer: #1 Oh thank you. I just might do that. # 596: #2 Can you? # Interviewer: Hey that feels good. Uh those white fluffy things up {NW} there in the sky are {NW}? They're what? 596: Uh we call them our uh thunderheads. Interviewer: Ah. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: And what does that usually mean? 596: Why thunderhead means thunder some time or another {X} but we call them thunderheads. Interviewer: #1 Thunderheads? # 596: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 Okay anything.. # 596: #2 Lakes are uh # Lakes are something like that. Yeah. Interviewer: Absolutely. If you if everything up in the sky were kind of black looking you might walk outside and say Mm I don't like the looks of those black... 596: Yeah. Why you'd be looking for a storm of something come up then. Interviewer: Um when it's been real sunshiney 596: #1 You know a real fair and happy day. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah yeah yeah. # And then all the sudden it gets dark. You'd say the weather is doing what? 596: It's changing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Suppose it's the other way. Suppose you had been having a storm and all of the sudden it's the it began to get light again you'd say the weather is doing what? 596: Moderating. Interviewer: #1 Moderating? Okay. # 596: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: On a uh nice day when there's very few clouds in the sky you know the sun's shining. You might say it sure is a what kind of day? 596: Ah a nice day. Interviewer: Yeah when it's when the sun shining you know and it's not too hot. 596: #1 The kind of day you'd like to be outside in. # Interviewer: #2 I I see. # You could say it sure is what kind of day? 596: A pleasant day. Interviewer: Alright. 596: A pleasant day. Interviewer: And the opposite kind of day when it's real dark and threatening and or cloudy you might say it's what kind of day? 596: Why we say uh we say it's we call it backwards weather. Interviewer: Hey that's interesting. What does that mean? 596: Well backwards we say well the weather's not it's not in our it's not in our favor {NW} Interviewer: Backwards weather. 596: Yeah we just had backwards weather. Interviewer: Oh I like that. Now that would look like what? 596: Well I don't know. it just it just. Interviewer: #1 Wouldn't be... # 596: #2 Would it be raining? # Well it would it's just in the rain or maybe sleet or snow or just do anything more. Interviewer: Just any kind of a 596: Yeah. Interviewer: Bad looking. 596: Yeah. That's right I turn any kind of way. Interviewer: I see. 596: We call that backwards weather. Interviewer: I see. um. If it is raining if you have a very heavy rain You know, hard rain, but it doesn't last very long. What do you call that? 596: Why if it rains and don't last long. Interviewer: uh-huh. It's real hard but 596: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 For just a few minutes. # 596: #1 Why we'd say. # Interviewer: #2 You'd say we had a real. # 596: We'd say we had a real hard rain but it didn't last long. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Do you have a name for it though? Do you ever hear it called Oh you know something like a goose-drowner or some kind 596: Well sometimes if it's hard enough we call it a cloud burst. Interviewer: #1 Cloud burst? # 596: #2 if if # If it's not hard enough we won't call it that. We just say it was a moderate shower. We just say it was a big sh- sharp rain but it didn't last long. Interviewer: And if you say shower that means it doesn't last real long? 596: Yes. Interviewer: But it's not real hard. 596: No, that's right. Interviewer: Okay what about a rain. If you go outside and it's raining a little bit but not very much just a few drops. You'd say it's a? 596: What we say is we get a drizzle rain and then we call it a drizzle. Interviewer: And that. You'd it's drizzle. 596: Yessum. Interviewer: Uh what do you call a storm that has thunder and lightning? 596: Electric storm. Interviewer: #1 Alright we've had a lot of those lately. We have one # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. That's right. # Interviewer: every afternoon. 596: Yeah that's right. Electric storm. Interviewer: If the wind is coming from let's see I think from that direction you'd say the wind is? what? 596: High from the south we'd say back this way. Interviewer: Alright and suppose it was coming kind of that direction. 596: Well we kind of south east. Interviewer: Alright and about that 596: #1 direction. # Interviewer: #2 north uh # 596: South west. Interviewer: Alright and then that direction? 596: North east. Interviewer: And that 596: #1 direction? # Interviewer: #2 North west. # Which of the four directions do you get the most storms from? 596: Seem like get the most storms out of south west seem like. Interviewer: South west? 596: Yeah. Seem like to me they do. Might be wrong. Interviewer: Are there? Some people have said that they seem to come from one 596: #1 direction more than another # Interviewer: #2 yes yeah yeah. # Um if the wind was very high during the night you might say all night long the wind just? 596: Yeah. Mm-hmm. It just blew all night. The next morning it's kind of a moderate yeah. Interviewer: Alright if if the wind has been blowing really hard and then it starts to get less you'd say the wind is doing what? 596: Ceasing. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 596: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: That wind was really bad but it has what even harder than that? That wind was bad but it has? 596: Let me see how would I fix that now? The wind was bad but it could be worse. Interviewer: {NW} Okay {NW} Auxillary: She said yes. Interviewer: Yeah um using the word blow 596: #1 Blow yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # The wind blew hard yesterday but it has... A lot harder than that. 596: Yeah well it has blew harder than that. Interviewer: Okay that heavy white mist that comes up out of the ground you know you walk outside and you cant you cant see across the road. \: Yeah. {C: 596 speaking but the program won't let me change it} Interviewer: That is? 596: Fog. Interviewer: And you might walk out and say look how... 596: Yeah that's fog it's gonna disappear. Interviewer: Or it sure is what this morning? 596: It sure is cleared up. Interviewer: No I'm talking about it being there. 596: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 You say it sure is fo-? # 596: Foggy. Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. 596: Sure is foggy. Interviewer: If no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say we're having a real? 596: Drought. Interviewer: Alright if I said dry spell would that be less than... 596: Well it would be a dry spell. I'd use it about as well as saying a drought. Interviewer: No I like drought. {NW} but I'm trying to find out if if somebody I'm wondering if it you can have a dry spell for a certain length of time and then you know if it doesn't rain say if it went on if you if it hadn't rained for two weeks {NW} would that be a drought? 596: No, that would be no drought. Interviewer: What about three weeks? 596: Well it would begin to be dry then sure don't call it drought but two weeks... well it it's not really some time we can hardly stand two weeks some time if the if the plants use the water and all the sudden it quit and right at the time the plants are trying to make why two weeks is a pretty good while see now got you a rain each week we think we think it'd do better but we never know when to think that Interviewer: #1 yeah # 596: #2 I see. # Interviewer: Does it rain does it get dry here very much? 596: No. Yes I m- at times it do but this year we haven't had no long drought this year. The longest we had was back there in June I think. Ah wasn't it about well about three weeks. We haven't had no long drought this year. Interviewer: It must rain fairly much then. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah um we were talking about the wind a minute ago and I asked you the question about if it had been blowing real 596: #1 hard you'd say it was ceasing. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah. # Suppose it hadn't been blowing at all and then it started to blow you'd say the wind is doing what? 596: Rising. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: And thinking about that word you just said the wind is rising. 596: Yeah it's rising. Interviewer: What do you say the sun does in the morning? 596: Why sun rises. Interviewer: Alright do you ever say comes up? 596: Why sometimes we say the sun's coming up. Yeah mostly we say the sun rising. Interviewer: Alright and you'd say thinking about that. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: You'd say every morning we go out to work before 596: Before the sun rise. Interviewer: #1 Or before the sun come up. # 596: #2 Alright and then. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 596: #2 Okay and... # Interviewer: we work until... 596: The sun go down. Used to do it, don't now. Interviewer: Well {NW} Do you ever call that sundown? 596: Yessum. Sunset. Interviewer: #1 Sunset, that's be what you'd say probably? # 596: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Sunset. Interviewer: I'm gonna work 'til sunset. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: Or I did. Um what kind of weather would it be in the fall... There's a big car. 596: Yeah it sure is. Interviewer: Um in the fall you know there are some pretty days that come where the sun's shining and the weather is nice and cool and you say it's the kind of weather you like to be outside in. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: You'd say um this morning it's rather... 596: Um it's the weather's yet pretty. Interviewer: It's pretty yeah. 596: Yeah we why we say this morning the weather is beautiful. Interviewer: #1 I guess we'd say we use it like that # 596: #2 I guess I'm not asking that very well # Interviewer: What I'm thinking about is an expression like uh the weather is brisk 596: #1 {D: or chilly or snapey or airish or} # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah that more that's right, yeah. # 596: Yeah. Interviewer: Which one? What would you be like? 596: Sometime if it it's a little cooler than usual. We say it's kinda snappy this morning. We say. Interviewer: {NW} Good. Good. If it was cold enough to kill your tomatoes and your flowers you might say last night we had a... 596: A cold night or we had a freeze last night. Interviewer: Alright and uh talking about that white stuff you know that comes #1 appears # 596: #2 uh frost. # Yeah. Interviewer: Alright is there a frost that will kill and one that won't? 596: Well according with how the weather'd be now a moon shining night all night. Frost don't do much killing. But now if it's a dark night it'll kill it or if it's a wet night. You know just like it rain that day and throughout the night cold why come a frost that night it'll kill most anything. Interviewer: I see. Would that be a killing frost? 596: That what you call a killing frost. Interviewer: Alright and would you call the other one any kind of 596: #1 frost a certain kind or just a frost? # Interviewer: #2 No no ma'am now the white # 596: moonlight night we call it a jack frost but it didn't hurt nothing much Interviewer: I see. 596: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever # heard the terms white frost and black frost? 596: Yessum I heard that. Interviewer: What does that refer to? 596: Well I uh black frost it mean I think it's just like I was talking about a while ago it's just all a sudden it come up after a rain or something like that and clear out all. And they call that a black frost. Yeah. Interviewer: Does it kill? 596: Yes ma'am that's killing. Interviewer: That's a killing? 596: Yeah that's a killing frost. Interviewer: I see. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: Um it was so cold last night the lake did what? 596: Higher than I? Interviewer: It was so cold last night that our lake? {NW} what? Did what? 596: Let me see it was so cold last night. That I'd like to freeze or froze or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah would you ever say froze over? 596: Yessum I'd say I liked it. I'd say if it cold That I thought I would freeze Interviewer: #1 or something like that # 596: #2 Well I'm thinking about water right now. # Interviewer: Say you have a pond. 596: Yessum. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say it was so cold last night that the pond froze over? 596: Yessum that's right. Interviewer: Well now I'm trying to kind out if froze over means all really all the way across or just around the edges? 596: Well... Interviewer: If you had just you know like a little skim of ice around the edges would you ever say froze over? 596: No'm that wouldn't be froze over. That'd be froze but it wouldn't be froze over. That'd be froze in part. But it wouldn't be froze over. Interviewer: Okay froze over means 596: {NW} all over the whole pond. Froze over. Yeah. But now you see ice around the edges, which it will freeze around the edges first well that's, that just froze. But it didn't freeze over. Interviewer: Okay and uh the room in some houses people have a special room where they my goodness what's that? He's just a little kid isn't he? 596: Yessum that's right he riding though. Interviewer: {NW} I don't think that's too safe {NW}. In some houses they have a room where they entertain company. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: You know you'll have a special room. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: And you know we were talking about in your house 596: #1 House right I see # Interviewer: #2 that that they had the # bedroom back in the old days {NW} but now what did they what would they have now? 596: Oh just a room they call it a I forget so much when I'm at my age slipped up on me Interviewer: I don't think you've forgotten anything. I don't know what you're excusing yourself for. 596: Uh uh living room. Interviewer: #1 Okay that # 596: #2 That we call living room. # Interviewer: Living room. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. 596: That's what I was trying to say the whole time but I didn't got. It got away from me. Interviewer: You haven't forgotten a thing I don't know what in the world you're excusing yourself for. You remem- remember more than I do. about from yesterday um But the house that that you grew up in. 596: #1 People didn't have just a house # Interviewer: #2 No they didn't have living room # 596: #1 couldn't have extra room # Interviewer: #2 anywhere # 596: Anywhere in there was living room. Anywhere you could get to living. Interviewer: {NW} That's right. {NW} Okay um if something happened on this exact day last year you might say it happened exactly 596: One year ago. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: You move over here where I was alright we were talking about um syrup and you might say that's not imitation syrup it's 596: Pure syrup. Interviewer: Or it's gen- 596: Genuine syrup. Interviewer: Alright in the old days sugar used to be sold loose 596: #1 mm-hmm that's right. # Interviewer: #2 And you say it was sold in # 596: #1 in # Interviewer: #2 what in # 596: In pound packages you in book uh in book packages. Interviewer: Okay and that was referring to it was loose. What do you have on the table usually to season food with? 596: Well salt as most things. Season most anything with salt. Anything that needs salt in it. Yeah you can just hardly eat it without the salt being in it. Interviewer: Okay you usually have two shakers there. 596: Yessum salt and pepper. Interviewer: Alright. If there's a bowl of fruit on the table and there's an apple there and a child wants an apple he might say to his mother Mama gi-- 596: Give me an apple that what he'd say. Interviewer: Alright. 596: Any more he would say give me an orange give me the apple. Interviewer: {NW} Alright um if you have {NW} pardon me if you have a lot of peach trees for example or apple trees you'd say you have an apple what? 596: An apple tree. Interviewer: Yeah a lot of them in a group would be a 596: Uh you mean to say uh Interviewer: A group of 'em together you'd have um Mrs.{B} referred to hers one day to me she had a bunch of uh pecan trees and she said she had a pecan 596: Oh you orchard. That's what you was talking about. Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's what I was thinking of. # 596: #2 Orchard. Orchard yeah. # Interviewer: Oh do they have any maple trees around here? 596: No. Not no maple trees around here. Interviewer: You wouldn't know a name then possibly for a group of maple trees. 596: No'm I sure wouldn't. Interviewer: Inside a cherry talking about now fruits inside a cherry there's a little hard thing that you don't eat. 596: That's right yeah. That's the seed. Interviewer: And the inside of a peach? 596: The seed the kernel. Interviewer: #1 We call it... yeah that's the kernel. # 596: #2 That's the kernel? # Interviewer: Alright um inside an apple. 596: Why they have the small the small seeds in that. Interviewer: The part you throw away. 596: Oh that's a core of the apple. Interviewer: Alright there are two real kinds of peaches based on how they, how the seeds are. 596: Yeah. Uh I mean different kind of peaches Interviewer: Yeah two different kinds not talking about varieties. 596: no. Interviewer: But two kinds talking about how easy it is to get the seeds out. 596: {D: Why oh you mean the clair seed. We call it clair seed.} and the clingstone. Interviewer: Yeah that's what I was thinking of. {D: Now the clair seed is the} 596: One that you burst open and the seed pre- yeah Interviewer: comes right out. 596: Right yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever cut up any apples or peaches and lay them outside to dry? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: What do you call those? 596: Dried apples or dried peaches. Interviewer: They ever call 'em snips in this part of town? 596: Yessum or they call them maybe they call them something like that yeah. You have to get 'em dry. Of course more so we just call them dried apples and dried peaches. Yeah. Interviewer: What about the kind of nuts that you pull up out of the ground and roast? are what? 596: yeah that's peanuts. Interviewer: Alright any other names for those? 596: {D: Pindars. {NW} Googlers.} Interviewer: If you went to the store to buy them what would you expect them to be called? 596: Peanuts. Interviewer: Right. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright um There's another. What kind of nuts do they have around here let me ask that question 596: Uh you mean Interviewer: Just that grow around here nuts. 596: Well we have peanuts and in this part of the country that's about all they grow around here Growing pecans or like they have pecans and a few why no no walnuts you don't find no walnuts in this part of the country. And hickory nuts a few of them. That's not like it used to be. Interviewer: There's another kind of nut that you find at 596: #1 Christmas a lot of times little flat. # Interviewer: #2 chestnut. # 596: Oh it's an almond. Interviewer: Alright do they they don't 596: #1 grow around here # Interviewer: #2 no ma'am no ma'am. # Oh a walnut when you start to get down to the goody the first thing you have to take off is a soft 596: You gotta take off that all that hull often a walnut you take the hull off first then better be sure to dry when you do that Interviewer: Really? 596: Yessum because when you go to bust into it why uh you can't stand all that. Interviewer: Mm. Uh the uh then the hard part that you actually take the hull off then there's a hard part that's the 596: That's right yeah. Interviewer: That's the um {NW} 596: uh what's you call it the meat of it's in that hard part Interviewer: Yeah what's the hard part called? 596: I don't know who to ask that I don't know I don't know whether you call that a shell well that first thing you take off is a hull I reckon. And the next is the shell. Interviewer: Okay and then you go to the goody. 596: That's right. Interviewer: Alright there's a kind of fruit about it's kind of the size of an apple only the skin is kind of like a lemon you squeeze them to get juice out. 596: Well that's a lime yeah I reckon. Interviewer: No it's bigger than a lemon or a lime. It's not a grapefruit but you squeeze it to get juice. 596: Well I don't know let me see you talking about an orange Interviewer: Yes that's what I'm talking about. 596: {X} I started to say I don't know where you're going with it. Interviewer: If the uh if mrs.{B} sent you to the store to get some and you didn't find any there you'd come home and say well I didn't buy any became the oranges were all 596: Well they's all gone or they's all out. Interviewer: Do you know something I think we're gonna have another rain. 596: It's gonna be a shower baby. Yep right back there sure is. It's coming. Interviewer: Sure is isn't it Uh what kind of vegetables do you grow in your garden here 596: Well first thing I'm gonna think about okra. beans different kind of beans butter beans pole beans collards wild tomatoes and uh maybe turnips mustards just anything like that Interviewer: okay good um you've mentioned tomatoes is there a special name for those tiny little tomatoes? 596: Yessum those little old we uh oh I we call 'em little old what now? Plum tomatoes we call them plum tomatoes. Interviewer: Plum tomatoes yes. 596: That rain done got ya. Your glasses... Interviewer: Oh I do have my {X} out there too 596: Got here quick. Interviewer: Sure did. I been wasting your` time. 596: No we just we just come on back. Interviewer: What would you call this thing? 596: A quick shower. Interviewer: Okay. 596: This a quick shower. Interviewer: Very emphasis on the quick. 596: Yep that's right. Quick shower. Interviewer: I guess I need my sunglasses anymore do I? 596: I didn't have any time to run my glasses up like you. {D} Interviewer: Yeah mine's out there getting wet but I'll just let it get wet and dry it off. 596: Mm-hmm I see. Interviewer: I don't think this is gonna last 596: No'm I don't think oh look at the flowers broken all back here you come right back here Interviewer: Did you ever hear those little tiny tomatoes called tiny toes? 596: Yessum yes. Interviewer: {D: Are they smaller than a floam tomato?} 596: No you ask me about the size no You'll hear some of them a little smaller than others little old tomatoes. These sour than the others these too. Interviewer: Is it? 596: Yeah these got a lot of acid in them. Interviewer: Ah. It's a kind of vegetable that grows underground and when you um chop it up sometimes it makes you cry. 596: Um artichoke? Interviewer: No this is uh um some of them are big and some of them are little when you slice them they sometimes make you cry sometimes. 596: You ain't talking about Irish potatoes? Interviewer: No but I am going to ask you about those. What are the two kinds of potatoes? 596: Well uh one is called a triumph. And the other one's uh A white potato I don't know what you call that You about to get wet ain't ye? Interviewer: No I'm doing fine just as good. Are you? 596: No'm I just know the water comes Interviewer: It's just running across here I'm not getting wet in fact it feels good. uh the um I'm thinking about another kind of potato other than an Irish potato. 596: A sweet potato. Interviewer: Yeah now um Did you ever hear a special name for a sweet potato that had a kind of a dark purple skin? 596: Yessum Yes I hardly forget the name of it now you take your um sweet potato {X} then have a Puerto Rican triumph and all like that you know Interviewer: I see. What's a yam? 596: Well there's different kind of yams you know. Interviewer: Are they different from sweet potatoes? 596: No'm they all the same. They's all sweet potatoes but they've just got a different name. Interviewer: I think but if I said yams and sweet potatoes in general would be the same thing 596: Yeah. Some's yellow yams some's white. some's kind of a a kind of an orange color. But they all sweet potatoes Interviewer: They are. 596: Y'all all sweet potatoes now. Interviewer: okay um there's a little red vegetable that people sometimes put in salads. When you bite into them they kinda burn your tongue 596: You talking about peppers? Interviewer: {D: no this is round and red.} grows underground. 596: Under the ground? Interviewer: Beg your pardon? 596: They actually grow under the ground? Interviewer: Yes sir. 596: That might be something we don't grow in this town. Interviewer: Oh I bet you do. Radish? 596: Radish exactly. (NW) Radish. Interviewer: You do grow them. 596: That's right we grow radish yeah. oh dear. Interviewer: I still haven't found out about th one that has the strong odor. and it um makes tears come to your eyes when you slice them sometimes people cook them or fry them with liver 596: Let me see. One thing. Do we grow that here too? Interviewer: I don't. I would think so. You can put 'em you start them out with sets 596: Oh onions. Interviewer: Ah-ha. 596: Onion oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah that's right # 596: #2 {D: It was the set that did it didn't it} # And onions you cry in the eyes. They sure will make you cry in the eyes. Interviewer: What would those little onions, you know the little ones the little ones that have the green tops You eat some of the green, what what are those 596: They multiply. Interviewer: Yeah what how do you what do you call those 596: Well they just little onion it it grow up there and it get up there so far it makes a bud them onion might flower right there on top of it Interviewer: When you're talking about growing those do you call them though green onions or spring onions or 596: I guess so. Yeah but they have to get up so high the others make another bunch of onions you see multiplying onions Interviewer: Did you ever hear the uh term evergreen onions? 596: Yessum evergreens. Interviewer: What is that 596: No ma'am evergreen onion is just a green onion and it stays green might well say year round it would it gets so hot you know it would stay green they stay green longer than the average onion would Interviewer: And this how big is the onion part 596: Well it don't get it's kind of a long onion It's gonna be that big around but he's long got long roots Interviewer: I see. 596: Yeah got long roots. Interviewer: Do you ever eat any of the top of it? 596: Yes we eat the top of it Yeah it would be pretty good very good. Interviewer: Alright um if you leave an apple lying around You'll say that the skin of that apply will what 596: Will rot Interviewer: Or before that it'll get it will 596: It will shrivel up or ruin like this Interviewer: Alright fine uh have you ever heard of the pie plant? 596: What kind of plant? Interviewer: A pie plant. 596: A pie plant pie plant Interviewer: That bring anything to your mind? 596: Pie plant. I might have or or or you grew a small plant Interviewer: Uh I don't know I just ran across the term and uh nobody knew if it was another name for something else or or it was something you grew apparently 596: No a pie plant it ain't nothing to that I don't think. We call them we call them sheeps (X) The little ol' plant just grow about just grow in the ground a little old Interviewer: About six inches high or so 596: Yeah something like that and little old spotty leaves looks like a leaf and them little leaves is sour Interviewer: They are? Do they have a fruit on it? 596: No it don't have no fruit on it. And some call them um people make pies out of them you know Interviewer: Pies out of what? The leaves? 596: Them little leaves out from under that little plant Interviewer: Really, now what did you call that? 596: We call them sheep soil Interviewer: Sheep soil 596: Yeah sheep soil it might be just we shouldn't before we heard that we didn't know any better we'd just say it Interviewer: Well that's what I'm looking for that 596: Sheep soil Interviewer: And they they cook the leaves? 596: Yessum and it is sour as any kind of just as sour as a quince Interviewer: Ma'am {X} doing it used to be fine to eat really? Eat the leaves raw? 596: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: Uh let's see there's another kind of vegetable I don't remember your mentioning it but um there's some what are some leafy vegetables that come in heads 596: Uh cabbage, lettuce and um Interviewer: Okay if you were gonna describe the fact that you had um the cabbage in your garden and you were gonna talk about how big they were you'd say those 596: Those cabbages X I got some cabbages out there the biggest ones the heads of 'em as big as my head or something like that Interviewer: Okay. I noticed you just used the expression and I use it a lot too out yonder 596: Yeah that's right that's right Interviewer: You're thinking about yonder 596: Yeah out yonder Interviewer: Could you say my car is out yonder Would that sound right. 596: Well it wouldn't sound right but we could use it like that out yonder well it that would be alright Interviewer: okay um if I ask you where Mrs. lives like I did you could say that she lives Would you say she lives right up yonder? 596: Yessum I'd say she lives right up yonder in that house the next house up there Interviewer: Okay would you ever use yonder to talk about something real close to you? like say this plant right here 596: #1 That's about four feet away from you. Would you ever say that plant right yonder? # Interviewer: #2 No. No. # 596: Well I would say it like that maybe yeah. Interviewer: Talking about that one you'd say that plant right yonder 596: Yeah. Interviewer: Like that to point it out. 596: yeah. Interviewer: Alright I was trying to figure out you know how far yonder might be \: Well that's right because it's made you you know {C: 596 speaking but the program won't let me change it} 596: It could be right at you or something like that right yonder. Interviewer: What about saying in Brookhaven? Would you say over yonder in Brookhaven or down yonder in Brookhaven? 596: Well I'd say over in Brookhaven. Interviewer: You would, you wouldn't think yonder 596: No I wouldn't be I wouldn't say over yonder Interviewer: Okay. 596: That's over in Brookhaven. Interviewer: Would yonder be something maybe if it's out of your sight? uh like say well I don't know how to say it but Say there's a house up that road because there probably is but you can't see it from here. Would you ever say that house up yonder? 596: Yessum say it like that. Interviewer: Even though you couldn't see the house? 596: But I'd be telling you that house up yonder beyond those trees up yonder Interviewer: I see okay that's fine uh The things I get let's see which way when you're talking about where something is now you said over in Brookhaven right and you say I'm thinking about up down over you know 596: And out and all that yeah. Interviewer: Uh huh where would I what's out? From here. 596: Well let's see. Interviewer: I don't know the places around here so it's kind of hard for me to say. You said Mrs.{B} house would be up yonder And would around this road up there be up yonder too? 596: That's right anybody up yonder from here to where you turn yeah. {NW} Interviewer: {D: Uh what about Bubbachetta. If someone was in Bubbachetta you'd say he?} 596: {D: We we we say down in Bubbachetta.} Interviewer: {D: Down in Bubbachetta?} 596: {D: Down to Bubbachetta.} {D: It's down from here. it's between here and McComb.} {D: We say down in Bubbachetta.} Interviewer: Alright what about Jackson? 596: We say up. Up in Jackson. Interviewer: okay. That's right. 596: Out in Monticello. Interviewer: Out in Monticello? 596: Yeah out in Monticello. Interviewer: Which way's Monticello from here? 596: It's east from here. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 596: #2 East from here is out # South-East like yeah Interviewer: #1 I see. Monticello. Out in Monticello. # 596: #2 Out in Monticello. # Interviewer: Is there anything else you'd be out in? How's summit? Summit would be where?` 596: It down. Interviewer: #1 Down in summit. # 596: #2 Down in summit. Uh. # Interviewer: What about um 596: Weston up at Weston. Weston. Interviewer: Weston's up this way? 596: Yeah that's right yeah. It's up it's just like going to Jackson all time on the road. Interviewer: I see. {D: Uh what about Hattiesburg?} 596: {D: Well that's out. Out in Hattiesburg.} Interviewer: And Laurel? 596: Out in Laural that's right that's right. Interviewer: I see so things going back East tend to be out. 596: Out that's right. Interviewer: Alright now talking about things though just in this area. Does it have anything to do with whether they're you know up a hill from you you know you said around here everything seems to be up 596: Yessum that's right. Interviewer: Is there anything higher really than 596: #1 right here. # Interviewer: #2 Yessum yessum around here most # 596: We well this house is is kind of a is kind of sitting in kind of a low place and any way you leave this house you kinda going upgrade this way uh this way uh maybe any way Course no roads go up that way but still it's upgrade any way you leave this house. not this you is going at due south back that way. Interviewer: I see. Alright um you mentioned beans. When you want to get beans out of pods you have to do what to them? 596: Why you have to shell 'em if you're gonna get them out of the pods. Interviewer: Uh you mentioned butter beans. Are they the same as lima beans? 596: Yessum butter bean is a lima. Butter bean is a quite butter bean is called a lima bean quite butter bean. Interviewer: And what do they call those yellow green beans? You know those string beans? 596: Yessum. uh that's right. Maybe Kentucky wonders or maybe a crease back. Or something like that. Interviewer: They're all varieties of what kind of beans? 596: Um. You mean what variety are they? Interviewer: Yeah they're all varieties. But you'd say talking about them just generally you'd say they're all what? 596: All yessum they's all varieties of beans that mean different kinds. Interviewer: Would you just say beans or would you say snap beans? 596: #1 While we would say # Interviewer: #2 Or string beans or green beans # 596: If we was talking about pole beans we'd say pole beans That way you've got they run up on a pole. Interviewer: beans or you get green beans on. 596: Well that's pole. Pole butter beans you say. Yeah and there's pole string beans. And they're bush string beans. Bush. You know the little old bush by the house. Well now that's... Interviewer: You'd call those bush string beans? 596: yessum that's right. bush string beans. but the string bean but it's still the bush bean it don't. instead of reaching up you've gotta reach down to get it. Interviewer: NW. Uh you take the tops of turnips. and cook 'em and you make a mess of. The tops of turnips. 596: Yes that's right. {X} before they get them the roots on 'em they call them uh salad. Yeah. The salad farm. Before the roots is on 'em. When they get the roots on they call them turnips. At the same time it's a turnip from the beginning. but you just call 'em turnips as they get the root on 'em. Interviewer: I see. 596: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: When you're talking about lettuce. you know to think that it comes in a head. if you've got two bunches of lettuce you'd say you've got two what of lettuce? 596: Two two heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Do you ever hear anyone use that expression about children? I've got three head of children. Anyone you ever use that or hear anything? 596: Well folks usually say I've got I got three head like that they don't really You could have said I've got three children. instead of i got three head they got bodies too. Interviewer: NW Would sir have you ever heard anybody say I got three head referring to children? 596: Well I've heard them say I got three head. They got the whole body. Interviewer: If somebody has a lot of children you might say he has a whole what of children? 596: I think he got a whole group of children. Interviewer: Okay what about a word that begins with a p. he's got a whole p- of kids? 596: Oh I- Interviewer: Or children. 596: I don't know. You can call children so much different thing you Interviewer: You ever use I got a whole passel of children? 596: yessum that's right yeah. Interviewer: Oh I just wondered if you would ever use that. 596: No'm I never did use that word. I just say he got a whole bunch of children I'd say. Interviewer: okay. 596: Got a bunch of children. Interviewer: Talking about corn. the stuff on the outside of an ear of corn are the 596: That's the shuck. With enclosed air shuck. Interviewer: Alright and what's the kind of corn you eat on the cob? 596: Well that's uh sweet corn we call it that's uh it's sweet corn we call that sweet corn. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called roasting? 596: Yeah roasting yeah. Yeah roasting yeah. Interviewer: Same thing. 596: Same thing. Interviewer: Ever hear of mutton corn? 596: No'm I don't believe I did hear no mutton corn. Interviewer: The top of a corn stalk is the? 596: see the top? Interviewer: The top of the corn stalk. 596: Well the top of the corn which tosses the toss would be at the top Interviewer: Alright and there's some stringy stuff on the ear of the corn that you have to brush off? 596: Ah that's silk. Interviewer: Alright. Uh there's a large round vegetable or fruit I don't know which that children at Halloween make Jack-o-Lanterns out of. That is a.. 596: that's an old pumpkin. Interviewer: And there's a small yellow crook-necked vegetable. 596: Yeah that's old squash you eat the cushion off Interviewer: okay they're not the same thing? 596: No. No. Interviewer: What kind of melons do you raise around here? 596: uh Watermelons. Yes it is. What you call jar of the rattlesnake and anything like that. {B} collectively sweet and. Or that good kind we use late out of date now. Congo. And all sorts of this and that Interviewer: Do they ever have ones that are yellow on the inside? 596: Yes ma'am yellow-meat watermelons. Interviewer: Are they good? 596: They're good. Really better than the red meat melons. Interviewer: Are they? 596: Sure enough. Interviewer: Uh what about uh uh a kind of melon that had a kind of uh yellow skin on the outside? 596: A mush-melon, mush-melon. Interviewer: Alright. 596: Yeah cantaloupes. Interviewer: Are they the same things? mush-melons and cantaloupes? 596: Yes ma'am about the same thing. Of course a cantaloupe is a little old round melon about as big as uh little bigger than a grapefruit. and a cantaloupe is um I mean a mush-melon uh pretty good size but a cantaloupe thats a little something like a grapefruit. That's a cantaloupe. Interviewer: Are they the same color? 596: yessum bout the same. 'Bout the same color. But one a mush-melon just grow bigger than a canta- than the cantaloupe. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a pine melon? 596: Yessum I Interviewer: What are they? I just ran across them 596: It ain't nothing to them much. It look like a watermelon they got you fooled you think you cut a watermelon you can't stick a knife in it Interviewer: {D: Somebody said you have to use an axe to split 'em.} 596: Why they do is chop 'em over there you got to chop 'em or you ain't got nothing. Interviewer: Why would you want to chop it open? 596: Well it's. Well they say they make pie out of them but I eh. Yeah I wouldn't make pie. Interviewer: What's what do they look like on the inside? 596: Well they look like a watermelon, green watermelon. Interviewer: You mean they're g- the inside if green? 596: Yes when the watermelon not ripe. Well it look like watermelon not ripe you know. you see it's just white inside just like a but it ain't no it ain't no... Interviewer: Does it grow wild or do people.. 596: no there's folk they plant 'em they raise 'em pine melon. You see a patch of them you think you see got a patch of watermelon but it ain't a thing but pine melon. Interviewer: Pine melons? 596: You can't bust one hardly, you just can't bust one. I ain't got no need for 'em. Interviewer: I get it anything you can't eat like. 596: No'm I hmm-mm. Interviewer: Uh there's something that springs up out in the in the yard after it's rained you know little things little small things that are white and kind of umbrella shaped. 596: Mushroom. Interviewer: Ah is there anything else you call, what do you call the kind you can't eat? 596: We used to call them frog stools we used to call them. I don't know what they was now we named them frog stools. Interviewer: now can you eat mushrooms? 596: Well they say that some people in Atlanta eat 'em but I don't know. I ain't never eat no mushroom. They say they're good they they say I don't know they may they cook um some kinda way but I don't know I don't. Interviewer: Alright now if you saw one out in your yard you think you'd be more likely to call it a frog stool or a mushroom? 596: Well we and a mush a mushroom come up anywhere out there a little mushroom come up if you want to see them other thing you just oh I don't know it would take your time to grow. It won't grow up overnight like a mushroom will. Interviewer: Oh they won't. 596: No they uh grow along slow and then they get hard there. And you can hardly {X}. Interviewer: How big are they? Are they bigger than mushrooms? 596: Yes ma'am bigger than mushrooms. Interviewer: Do they grow on trees ever? 596: No'm they generally you see them grow around in the ground. Around next to an old bush or old stump or something. Like that. Interviewer: I see. 596: Yeah. Yeah they sort of like if you ever used to see a a stirrup where you from people used to step up in a buggy you might never seen no buggies I don't know. Interviewer: Only in movies as I recall. 596: Yeah. Why to have a stirrup we'd step up onto a buggy. Well old frog stool grow up on something like that. It got a stem on it. it got a kinda hollow thing in it yeah. Interviewer: I see. 596: You don't see that now though. You used to see it a long time ago. Interviewer: I think maybe we had one in our back year once. Because my son took it to school and it was about this high. And it had a pretty thick stem on it. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: It was a big heavy thing. 596: Yeah they grow like that sometimes. Interviewer: Um if a man had a sore throat so the inside of his throat was all swollen. You'd say uh he couldn't eat that piece of milk- meat because he couldn't... he could chew it but he couldn't... 596: But he couldn't swallow. Interviewer: Alright. {NW}. Alright. {NW}. What two things do people smoke mostly? Not pipes but two other things? 596: A cigarette? And um Cigar. Interviewer: Alright um. If someone offers to do you a favor you say Well I appreciate that but I don't wanna be... 596: You say well I appreciate that offer but I don't care for what you're offering me. Maybe offer you a maybe you didn't smoke or something. They offer you a cigarette or cigar or something. Well I think just the same or I just don't care for the cigars you got. Interviewer: Alright I'm thinking more about an expression you might use when somebody offers to do something for you. 596: Yeah. Interviewer: But you don't want to have to pay them back. You might say well thank you but I don't wanna be 596: Well I'd say this Thank you for your kindness or maybe like that but I can make out without you or something like that. Interviewer: Alright would you ever say I don't wanna be obligated or 596: Well that's right you could say it like that yeah. Interviewer: How are you likely to say it? 596: Well I'll be alright I just don't wanna be obligated. Well you know you were the one telling me you didn't wanna be obligated telling 'em like this. Interviewer: Yeah I guess that's something maybe you don't want to say. 596: Yes. {NW}. Interviewer: Alright did you ever hear the the older people use beholden? 596: Yessum. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Beholden instead of obligated. 596: Yeah that's right they show you what I ain't gonna be or I ain't beholden to him or like that yeah I hear them use that word. Interviewer: Alright uh and something else you might say to someone when you're thanking them you might say th- to make it you know a little bit more than just thank you. You might say well uh thank you I much I'm much uh 596: Much obliged. Interviewer: Alright. Alright. Um. Someone might say to you Will you do that? And you might say no I... 596: Then I would say no I won't do that. Interviewer: Alright if you had to do something all yourself that was hard to do and a friend was standing there watching you but he didn't help you {NW} Well you might get a little mad at him and you might turn around and say... Well instead of standing around there you might 596: You didn't loan no helping hand you just stood around you seen I was couldn't hardly make it and you didn't offer to help me. Interviewer: Alright if someone asks you about doing something you might say I'm not sure but I 596: I'll try. Interviewer: Alright do you ever use might could? 596: Yessum I might can I might could but I'll try then they say it sometimes. Don't say you'll try. Just say you're going to do so and so I say well I don't know what I'm gonna do. {NW} But I will if I can. Interviewer: What kind of bird that can see in the dark? 596: Owl. Interviewer: Alright are there several kinds of those? 596: Yeah some of them is horned own and screech owl and and uh thats about all I know. Interviewer: And what's the big kind that goes who who who? 596: That's a horned owl. Interviewer: That's the horned owl? 596: Yeah horned owl. Interviewer: Alright have you ever heard let's see the the the other kind was the what? 596: #1 The shivering owl. We call it the shivering. {D} # Interviewer: #2 The which owl? Yeah. # yeah I was gonna ask about that expression. 596: Yeah little old little old screech owl. Interviewer: And they're the same thing? 596: Yeah a little old screech owl and a shivering owl they about the same thing. They uh they uh fly around over your head and snap and move on like that but he ain't gonna bother you but then he may pretend like he gone do do something to you. Interviewer: Is there any kind of a superstition about those shivering owls? 596: Well what they say. Interviewer: What do they say? 596: Well they say when you hear a shivering owl holler come by that is something gonna happen to you or that kind of stuff you know. Interviewer: I take it you're not too superstitious. 596: No'm. {NW}. No. I generally when one come around me like that I make something happen to them pretty quick. Interviewer: Oh. {NW}. Oh my. What kind of bird drills holes in trees? 596: Ah that's a pecker wood. Interviewer: Alright are there ki- different kinds of those? 596: Yessum. There's different kinds. Interviewer: Uh what is that great big one? 596: That's a yellow hammer. No it ain't uh uh {D: henwood we call him.} Interviewer: {D: A henwood?} 596: {D: Henwood.} Interviewer: Now is this? What what does he look like? 596: Why he's a long he's a some got a top knot. with a long beard long legs and... Interviewer: Has he got a red head? 596: Yessum a red head. Yeah that {D: That's what we we call henwoods.} Interviewer: {D: A henwood?} 596: {D: And or a ginnywood hen.} Interviewer: {D: A ginnywood hen?} 596: {D: Ginnywood hen. That's right.} Interviewer: {D: Hmm. I've gotta write that down.} I hadn't heard that one before. 596: {D: A ginnywood hen.} Interviewer: {D: A ginnywood hen.} 596: That's right. We might have made that name but that's what we've always called it. Interviewer: That's a good thing. I heard someone up around Jackson tell me that they referred to that big one as the lord god. 596: #1 Well our folks call. Yessum I heard that. # Interviewer: #2 Have y'all heard that expression? # 596: I sure heard them saying one. Interviewer: Have you? 596: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 I've heard that. # 596: #2 Ma'am. # Auxillary: We call 'em good gods. Interviewer: Good gods? Auxillary: Tell you to remember always good you say well {X} {D}. Good gods. 596: And that and that little old one that gets on the house and pick away {NW} on the house. That's a woodpecker. Interviewer: That's a woodpecker? 596: That's a red-headed woodpecker. got them little tip on his wing. White tips on his wing. That's it. Interviewer: A a woodpecker and a pecker wood then are two different things? 596: No I thats about it. Well no, that's right. A woodpecker. And it and it little yellow hammer he pecks wood too. Interviewer: #1 He does? Is he a kind of woodpecker? # 596: #2 Yessum. # Interviewer: #1 Yessum he pecks wood. That's right he # 596: #2 Or pecker wood? # pecks wood too. Interviewer: What color is he? 596: He's a, he's a kind of a brown-yellow. Yeah. We call him a yellow hammer bird. And he's a kind of a Auxillary: They make the hole in the tree. 596: {NW}. Auxillary: He's the one that make a hole in the tree. 596: Well he makes in that old yellow hammer he pecks it just like that old red-head pecker wood. Interviewer: Another uh term that I heard about those big ones {D: you know the the ginnywood hen?} I heard someone call it a Indian hen. 596: #1 have you heard that expression? # Interviewer: #2 Well well I did, I don't know. Most... # 596: People call them most anything but that's talking about... Interviewer: but you haven't, you haven't heard that 596: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 particular one? # 596: No'm, that's the same bird though. Interviewer: Yessir. Do you ever hear people called peckerwoods? What would that say about people? What kind of people? Are called peckerwoods? 596: Well... {NW} Kind of a a trashy person. In a way they's call him a peckerwood. Interviewer: Really? Did you ever use that expression or hear it used around here? 596: Ma'am? Interviewer: Did you ever use that expression? 596: No'm. I didn't. I don't, I don't... Interviewer: Okay. What kind of little animal has a bushy tail and plays around in the trees a lot? 596: A squirrel. Interviewer: What kind of those are around here? 596: Well the cat squirrel. And the fox squirrel. And little old flying squirrels. You know you seen a flying squirrel. Interviewer: No I haven't. I heard about them. 596: yeah. Interviewer: That's all. 596: Well he may stretch his wings out to fly and fly down way out yonder but he can't fly up. He got to crawl up a tree. Then fly out. Interviewer: I see. 596: That's right. He can't he can't fly up them trees right up in that. He got to crawl up that tree. Run up it. And fly out. Interviewer: {X} 596: You know right he's just like other squirrels though right but he can fly. Interviewer: What color is he? 596: He's brown. Interviewer: Brown. 596: Yeah little old brown squirrel. Ain't no bigger than a big rat but he's a... Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Yeah about like {X}. Interviewer: {NS} Cuz I've seen that truck go up and down 596: Yeah {NW} Whole lot of passage {X} It works on each end {X} Interviewer: Oh really it has it has been a lot {X} Um do you ever hear a squirrel called a boomer? 596: I don't know not in this part of the country No Interviewer: And there's a kind of black and white animal that has a powerful smell. 596: That's a polecat. Interviewer: Are any other names for it? 596: Skunk. Interviewer: Alright they the same thing? 596: Yeah they the same thing. Interviewer: You ever hear them called a civic cat? 596: Yeah he's the same thing he stink as bad as an bull God damn Interviewer: Is he that same thing? 596: Yeah the same thing civic cat. Interviewer: He doesn't look any different? 596: No you can tell him you see {X} Interviewer: Alright there's something that looks a little bit like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees real small and he has little stripes down his back. {X} 596: They don't climb tree there ain't many little thing that don't climb a tree Interviewer: A chipmunk. 596: Chipmunk that's right but I thought he climbed a tree too. Interviewer: I don't know does he? I mean I was told by someone that they didn't I was just checking {X} 596: See a chipmunk ain't a thing but a little monkey he just a little ol' monkey. You know a monkey can go up a tree if he wants to Interviewer: #1 oh yeah # 596: #2 # Well that's what a chipmunk is it's a little monkey. Interviewer: Does it have anything right here called a ground squirrel? 596: Yessum {X} a little brown strip he stays in the ground more or less and then but he comes out once in a while. Interviewer: Alright does he do they live around here? 596: Yessum around here briar patches you can find him round. Interviewer: Does he look like a squirrel? 596: Yessum he looks like a squirrel and a little {X} squirrel a little {X} squirrel he {X} he go in the ground {NW} {D: When he gassing he go in the ground a great to the ground that's where he goes} Interviewer: What kind of fish do they have around here? 596: Well what we have they called uh they called uh bass that's a trout fish, catfish and uh what you called these they have now {D: Brima uh brim brims uh} That's right different kind of fish like that. Interviewer: Okay did you go fishing very much? 596: No not much I used to but I don't hardly every go fishing now {NW} Interviewer: Uh there's a kind of seafood that um mixed pearls inside its shell those are 596: Yes uh You talking about of course {X} Oysters uh uh a mussel Interviewer: Yeah I was talking about they oysters 596: Yeah the mussel Interviewer: Oh there's another kind of seafood that's good to eat that you buy by the pound. 596: Yes uh tuna fish Interviewer: Well this is a kind of shellfish and they have them down along the gulf. 596: Yes and I heard it talking but I didn't see one Interviewer: Okay shrimp? 596: Yessum ah shrimp Interviewer: D'you ever eat any? 596: Yes ma'am I've eat shrimp Interviewer: Alright what croaks down around a creek? 596: Uh Well a bull frog does Interviewer: That's what I was thinking of 596: Yeah Interviewer: What are the different kinds of frogs that they would have? 596: Well we have we got toad frogs {NW} And we call them uh bull frogs most like cuz we got the little bull frog and we got the little big bull frog We got them with long legs Interviewer: Uh is a toad frog different from a bull frog? 596: Yes ma'am a toad frog he's the little ol' frog that hops around here warm nights Little bit ol' spider little bit ol' brown frog will hope around here at night. Interviewer: Does he live near the water? 596: No he hadn't used Interviewer: #1 He doesn't live near the water. # 596: #2 to the water # No he only had {X} Eggs and he lays eggs in the water but if that he through with them Interviewer: Oh um what about those little small green frogs 596: Uh tree frogs we call them Interviewer: Yeah are they the ones that are supposed to come out after a storm or 596: Yessum that's right Interviewer: Yeah uh 596: He like them vines you know they'll crawl out You see them sticking on the side of post or something Interviewer: Are there about a inch or a couple inches 596: Yessum Interviewer: long? Do hear those called thunder frogs? 596: Mm yeah thunder frogs I don't know Interviewer: Or rain frog 596: Rain frog yeah Interviewer: You hear of rain 596: Yeah you can hear them hardly that's that little ol' tree frog Interviewer: That's the same thing 596: Yeah that's the same little ol' frog Interviewer: Is there a superstition about them? 596: No I don't think Interviewer: Alright 596: I don't think Interviewer: When you go to uh go fishing what do you dig up? 596: Worms Interviewer: And what kind of worms? 596: Why do you call we call them earth worms We call them earth worm little ol' slimy little worm That's what we use to go fishing with Interviewer: Yeah did you are there different varieties of those 596: Yessum Now there's a one ol' worm you dig him up he he jump fast he jump you call him a jumper or something like that he Interviewer: Oh really 596: Yessum but now a regular ol' fishing earth worm he just a little ol' Common side worm Interviewer: I see, oh, What about um I forgot something about frogs 596: Yeah Interviewer: I ran into um a man over near Jackson told me that there was a kind of frog called a spring frog 596: Yessum Interviewer: Now what what's 596: Well that's a bull frog he spring way out when he jump That's what you call a spring Interviewer: Alright have you ever heard them called spring frog? 596: Yessum Interviewer: Is that the big bull frog? 596: No that's the little bull frog Interviewer: That's the little bull frog Are they green? 596: Yessum they're green Interviewer: Alright there's something that you find down in a creek A little thing with claws that runs backward in the water You're giggling what is that? {NW} 596: Craw fish {NW} Interviewer: People eat crawfish? 596: Yessum that's right Interviewer: Mm-kay you said that you had eaten shrimp 596: Yeah Interviewer: If you were going to buy some you'd go to the store and you'd say um Give me a few pounds of 596: Shrimp {NS} Interviewer: You know they have a law in Georgia about young kids riding minibikes or motorcycles. 596: Yeah Interviewer: They'll arrest them if they catch them out like that in the public road. 596: Sure enough Interviewer: Yeah 596: Now they passed a law here You've got to have a helmet on that he got on yeah {NW} Interviewer: Mm well that's a good start 596: Yeah that's right Interviewer: Uh there's an insect that flies around a light and sometimes tries to fly into it 596: Yeah mm-hmm We call them cow flies Interviewer: Okay and there's an insect kind of like that that sometimes gets in your wool clothes 596: Yessum it has their own balls Interviewer: Okay if you had a group of those you'd say we had a whole bunch of 596: Of balls Interviewer: Alright what flies around at night with a light in its tail? 596: That's a lightning bug. Interviewer: Alright and there's a long thin bodied insect that you'll see with filmy wings that you'll see hovering over a pond 596: Yessum we call them mosquito hawks Yeah Interviewer: Okay 596: He's catching all the insects when he's done he's tryna catch insects {X} Interviewer: They do? 596: They sure do. Interviewer: Did you ever hear in this part of the country do they ever call those snake doctors? 596: Yes ma'am I've heard Interviewer: You have heard of that? 596: Yes ma'am. Little green snake he call um doctor snake Interviewer: Oh really 596: Yeah a little green snake. Interviewer: Um what kinds of insects do you know of that sting? 596: Sting Interviewer: You've got mosquitoes and what kind sting? 596: {D: Well some folks call them gitters} But we call them sandflies yeah sandflies we call them {D: Yeah nah jigglers I mean what they're called jiggler} but we call them sandfly Interviewer: What do they look like? 596: Why he's a little ol' thing he got white wings you just can hardly see He's sneaky he slip up and bites you A where he bites he leaves a welt Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Yeah that's right and he just got little bitty white wings And he he ain't no side but he hurt you Interviewer: Where does he live does he have a nest? 596: No he just breed just like all the insects are regular Interviewer: I see 596: {X} Interviewer: What about something that might have a stinger? {NW} 596: Well You can take a wasp or a yellow jacket Something like that they got stingers And there's a little bitty ol' insect when it gets real hot If y'all around sand He'll have a little hole all in the sand he come out and he get on he'll sting you too Little ol' fly Interviewer: Are there different kind of wasps? 596: Yes ma'am That ol' big black wasp Big red wasp and a little ol' straggler called a guinea wasp Interviewer: Mm 596: That's right. Interviewer: Does he sting? 596: Yeah he sting Interviewer: Does he build a nest 596: #1 Yes ma'am # Interviewer: #2 like other flies? # 596: He builds a nest sure do Interviewer: Um is there something kind of like a wasp that builds a mud nest? 596: That's a dirt dauber Interviewer: Does he sting? 596: Yeah he sting too but he don't sting like a wasp but he'll sting you though Interviewer: oh 596: He sure will. Interviewer: Uh you mentioned yellow jackets 596: Yeah Interviewer: Now where do they have their nest? 596: In the ground. They have their nest in the ground or in an old stump or maybe in the corner of a old house or something anywhere he can keep dry yeah that's where he builds his nest Interviewer: What about do you have any hornets around here? 596: Yessum they have hornets once in a while you'll see them at this time of the year flying around maybe he come around once how you catch a house fly catch a fly while he have his nest Interviewer: They must be pretty big. 596: Who that? Interviewer: Hornets. 596: Yeah he's pretty {NS} Interviewer: Big as that of your finger 596: Yeah you better not let him sting you now. Interviewer: What color are the 596: He's kind of gray with a black head Interviewer: What kind of nest does he make? 596: Well he makes a long nest that get to be that long sometimes hanging up in the tree he's like a barrel like a little gray barrel hanging up in the tree something like that a sack of some kind but nah he goes he have his well when he in there when he going up in there if you can catch them all in there well you can you can you know stop that hole up lift the nest off but you better be sure though {NW} Interviewer: Thinking about now hornets and yellow jackets and wasps 596: And bumblebees Interviewer: Oh yeah and bumblebees 596: Yeah bumblebees Interviewer: Now which one has the worse sting 596: Well I don't know which is the worst I just don't know they all hurt you now I'm telling ya They'll all hurt ya Interviewer: Does one kind of wasp has a worse sting? 596: {D: Yeah might that ol' red wasp he worse than that little ol' guinea guinea wasp they'll all hurt you} Interviewer: Mm 596: And a bumblebee They bumblebee will fly around you and {X} air almost but he won't hurt you he won't sting at all that's what you call a white head bumblebee but now a black head bumblebee would suck those flowers Now you better leave them alone if he gets mad with you he'll follow you 'til he catch you Interviewer: Really? 596: That's right. {NW} Interviewer: There's some little insects that burrow down in your skin maybe you're walking in the field 596: Yes I know what you talking about that's a tick. Interviewer: Okay and there's another kind that's even smaller than that 596: Yeah that's a seed tick Interviewer: Okay and something that's not a tick just a teeny tiny little thing it's a 596: Flee Interviewer: Uh oh ever hear of a red 596: Red bug Interviewer: Red bug 596: Yeah Interviewer: Is that what they 596: Yeah that's a red bug he's just a little ol' red something When you're first wildly fresh get on you He may be white if he get to bite you soon you'll get red {NW} Interviewer: Um did you ever hear those called chiggers? 596: Yessum that's sand flies I know about Interviewer: Yeah now sand flies are the same thing 596: Yessum yeah Interviewer: Now are sand flies and red bugs the same thing? 596: No sand flies are just a little ol' flies little ol' bugs that'll bite bite you at night {D: He's the same thing but they call him jig or chigger or what do you call it} Interviewer: {D: Sand flies are the same as a chigger} 596: Yessum Interviewer: {D: Jigler} 596: Yessum Interviewer: Or chigger or whatever Okay good I hadn't run across a sand flies before I have to check that too And she um how far it goes around here There's a kind of small fish that people use for bait 596: Yeah Why they call some call them uh Well now and days they call them {NS} Shiners I believe Believe them call them shiners yeah Interviewer: Alright did they call them something else a long time ago? 596: Well now we call them top miners Interviewer: {D:top miners} 596: Yeah that's what we call them top miners Interviewer: Alright 596: Yeah top miners Interviewer: Did you somebody told me he called them hot {D: gutted miners} 596: Wow he uh he ain't nothing but Yeah he just got a whole big stomach you know Interviewer: It's a different it it refers to a special kind of 596: Yessum yessum But nah we just call them top miners Interviewer: What's that um insect some are green and some are brown when you're walking along in the grass you'll see them hopping in front of you 596: Why them are little ol' Grasshoppers Interviewer: Okay 596: Yeah little grasshopper Interviewer: Have you ever heard people call them hoppergrass? 596: Yessum they call it reverse just backwards Interviewer: Who who calls them that? 596: Why some people just don't {NS} you know I don't want to say they don't know any better now but they just {NW} Interviewer: Let's see if you were walking around outside um Let's see if I can find one to point out You keep to clean a porch making it all difficult for me usually I can find one right quick in the summer Uh what would you call this filmy stuff right here? 596: Oh that's spiderweb Interviewer: Alright suppose you saw one inside up in a corner what would you call it them? 596: Why it's still a spiderweb Interviewer: It's a still a spiderweb? 596: Yes ma'am still a spiderweb Interviewer: Oh they are did you ever hear anyone call them a cobweb? 596: {X} that's right that's for it same thing Interviewer: Same thing 596: Same thing Interviewer: Alright would you be more likely to say spiderweb then I guess 596: Yessum that's right Interviewer: The part of a tree that goes underground are it's 596: Uh Well that's a root. Interviewer: Okay 596: Under the ground Interviewer: Alright now I wanna ask you do you remember any root or herbs or weeds or anything that people used to use for medicine? 596: Yes ma'am {X} Interviewer: Alright tell me what they were and what they were good for 596: Why not you takes {D: takes saspiras} Interviewer: Uh-huh 596: {X} Spring medicine claimed to purify your blood it claimed Like through the winter you blood would be think and in the spring you drink that and your kind of get your blood thin where you Won't get so hot like it is now Interviewer: Maybe that's what I need {NW} 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 That's why I misses it this spring # What else? 596: Well then there um You take this ol' black hall it's a different kind of hall it's a red hall then there's black hall Takes root of black hall that suppose to be good for different kind of medicine Interviewer: Is that a weed? 596: No it's um tree Interviewer: It's a tree 596: Yeah now root Uh call it a black hall a black hall tree Has holes on it where the fruit of the tree is yeah I mean you know Black you know Interviewer: Oh I haven't run across that Black hall tree 596: Black hall tree Roots are really good for make medicine different kinds Interviewer: And you said there was another kind of there's a black hall and 596: And a red hall Interviewer: A red hall 596: Yes red hall it's a have holes on it be red Interviewer: And the fruits 596: The fruits red Interviewer: The fruit is called a hall? 596: Yessum Interviewer: I don't think I know what that is I don't think I've run across that what does the fruit look like what does a hall look like? 596: Well it's about the fruit as quite big as a bout like a little huckleberr- Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Now when it's red. Interviewer: Tiny 596: Yeah Interviewer: Do you eat them? 596: Some folk eat them yes Used to be during something Interviewer: It wont hurt them or anything? 596: No But the usual kind of hall you eat is it's called a possum hall Interviewer: Possum hall 596: Oh possum hall {X} Interviewer: And you don't want to eat those cuz they're what? 596: They claim the paw a possum hall Course now I used to be down there Down there I know every kind of tree on the woods I could tell you know we were told just what kind of tree it was Interviewer: What kind of trees are around here? 596: Well all kinds all kinds of trees just any kind of tree you can mention more Interviewer: What's the most common one? 596: Well pine, sweet gum Hickory, oak, iron wood, dog wood, {X} Horn bean Interviewer: Gee I 596: Just any kind of tree Interviewer: I don't think I know a horn bean {X} What's a horn bean? 596: Well a horn bean is a tree grow in the swamp all the time and it don't get so Interviewer: Does it have things on it? 596: No a horn bean don't Interviewer: What's this? 596: Uh that's well that's what you call a Interviewer: I mean what does it come off of? {X} 596: {D: I don't sure we call we call them hindum trees what that come off of} Interviewer: You call them what? 596: {D: Hindum tree} Interviewer: {D: hindum tree} {NW} That's great 596: Now that that that what we call that come that part come off Interviewer: Uh huh 596: Yeah Interviewer: Is that the kind that have the kind of um oh what kind of a fringey 596: Yes {X} Interviewer: Think I would probably call them a mimosa tree 596: #1 Why # Interviewer: #2 Is that mimosa tree? # 596: Why {X} Interviewer: Yeah that's what that's what I would call a mimosa 596: Yessum that's right mm-hmm Interviewer: {D: Okay how a hindum tree is different} 596: Something like you know feels that fruit Auxillary: {X} 596: Ain't that big Well may not I don't know Auxillary: {X} 596: Now any kind of tree you see if the wood you see grow gotta have a mass of some kind Interviewer: Gotta have a what? 596: A mass gotta have a fruit Any tree you see in the woods it has a fruit of some kind Think a dogwood tree you seen them Interviewer: Yes 596: Why the have um you see they have a red bear on it Interviewer: Yes that's right {X} 596: Any tree you see grow in the woods have some kind of a fruit on it Interviewer: Oh 596: Even a pine tree anything sweet gum tree now ain't no gum like that Interviewer: You know a sweet gum tree is that the kind of has those little kind of a spike 596: #1 yeah right right right mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 balls on them yeah I know I know that one # And um you said another kind I forgot what it was I got carried away there with the {D: hindum} tree That's the life I never heard that before you mentioned another one that um 596: {D: calcum} Interviewer: Yeah now is that the same thing as um let's see Is that what about the tree that's the state tree in Mississippi that has those big white flowers on it 596: Oh that Magnolia Interviewer: Now a {D:calcum} is not 596: No that's Magnolia you talking about A Bull Bay or something like that A Bull Bay Interviewer: Yeah so Bull Bay the same as the Magnolia? 596: Yeah about the same tree yeah but they have big flowers on it Then the flower leaves it makes a great big ol' bear big bay that flowers Interviewer: That's on a Bull Bay? 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer: Bur after the flower um 596: {D: And the calcum tree is um} it's a saw wood tree Have big leaves big ol' leaves on it we used to go down to the in the summer take the leaves make a dipper and drank water out the branch Interviewer: Really? 596: Yeah that's right make a dipper Interviewer: How big were the leaves? 596: Oh the leaves were like bigger than this you know Interviewer: #1 Oh jeez they're big then # 596: #2 we take and fold them # Make them something like a dipper and dip water out of the branches, spring branches and drink water out of them Interviewer: Oh gee it'd be about a foot long or a foot wide 596: Then When uh they have a big ol' foot big as my fish {X} Interviewer: Can you eat it? 596: No ma'am Interviewer: Do animals eat it? 596: No Interviewer: Nothing eats it {X} Do they have a kind of tree around here that has um it's a good shade tree I'm told and it has long, white limps and scaly bark 596: That's sycamore Interviewer: Do they have those around here? 596: No not many of them around here. Interviewer: Alright and what um there's a kind of fruit tree not a apple and not a peach but it has little round red fruit 596: Mm-hmm Well you talking about a plum Interviewer: No a chi- 596: {D: Chinky?} {X} Interviewer: No this is just a common one just a cherry? 596: Cherry, cherry tree. Interviewer: They have those around here? 596: Yes ma'am cherry. Interviewer: Would grow in this area? 596: Yes ma'am cherry. Interviewer: Uh there's a bush and in fact it gets to be a pretty big bush like a tree 596: Yeah Interviewer: That turns red the leaves turn red in the fall and they have berries on it that people use to tan leather 596: You talking bout you talking about poke berry? Interviewer: No I I know what a what I know that that's um That's kind of a weed almost isn't it? 596: Yeah Interviewer: This this is a pretty big thing it's a bush and it gets to be a tree almost Um it has little white flowers on it And uh a lot of times you'll see them along by the fences on along side the road 596: Were you talking about the shoe makes money? Interviewer: Yeah that's what I think 596: Sure enough there's one right there {X} Right there the shoe make had to move Put them fruit on this year and a them bunches of berries on them I didn't know they use that Interviewer: A long time ago they did 596: #1 Sure enough yeah but that's shoe make # Interviewer: #2 I don't know if anybody still does but a long time ago they did # 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: I guess that's right 596: Shoe make that's right Interviewer: Any kind of bushes or vines that is you brush up against them it'll make your skin break out? 596: Yessum That's right It's poison oak something like that Interviewer: Any others? 596: Ivory, poison ivory we call it Interviewer: They the same thing? 596: Yes ma'am that's the same that's what it is poison ivory that's poison oak Interviewer: Anything else that makes you break out? 596: No oak will make me break out if I get my arms on it {D: When I get oakry} {X} Interviewer: What kind of berries do people grow around here? 596: Well blackberry, raspberry, and uh huckleberry that's about all the berries around here Interviewer: Alright there's another kind people sometimes plant uh there, you eat them with sugar and cream their red 596: Uh that's um Strawberry Interviewer: Oh they grow those around here? 596: Yes ma'am once in a while they grow a few Once in a while Interviewer: Do they have any uh Laurel around here? Trees laurel bushes or trees? 596: No I don't think Interviewer: A mountain laurel a rhododendron 596: No we don't normally {X} Interviewer: They're usually in the mountains but I thought 596: Yes ma'am yes Interviewer: Um if a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind about something she'll say um I gotta ask who? 596: Ask my husband Interviewer: Alright {NW} And you a man on the other hand would say I've gotta ask 596: Ask my wife about it she what she says about it Interviewer: Did older people ever refer to each other in other ways? 596: I don't know Interviewer: Like the missus or the mister 596: Well that's right Interviewer: Or the wife or the old lady 596: Yeah yeah that's right Interviewer: {NW} 596: That's right Interviewer: You ever call mrs {B} the missus? 596: Well I don't call her I I {X} talking with somebody about her you know? Interviewer: Yeah that's what I mean if you're talking about her 596: Yes Interviewer: What are you likely to call her? 596: Yeah I I say my wife so and so my wife so and so Some folks say the old boss you know so Interviewer: Oh really {NW} about the wife? 596: Yeah I gotta ask my boss about something that's my boss Interviewer: Would a woman ever say that about her husband mrs {B}? {X} Oh Auxillary: I didn't have a boss 596: {NW} Interviewer: Ma'am? Auxillary: I never did have a boss Interviewer: You never did? Auxillary: No {NW} Interviewer: A woman who has lost her husband is called a 596: Widow Interviewer: Alright and um You're you're male parent was your 596: Uh a widower wouldn't it? Interviewer: No I'm talking about you have two parents 596: Yeah Interviewer: the male one is your 596: Uh uh male one that's father Interviewer: What did you call him when you were a child? 596: Uh we call him papa Interviewer: Papa 596: Yeah papa That's what we call him Interviewer: And um your mother what did you call her? 596: We call her mama Interviewer: Did you ever call them anything else? 596: No we never did chillun we just say papa and mama we never did call the mother and father {X} Interviewer: What do your children call you? 596: They call me papa just like I used to call him just like I used to call him Interviewer: And what do they call mrs {B}? 596: They call her mama Interviewer: Mama 596: Yeah Interviewer: Just like you cal your parents 596: Now our grandchildren they call her Mama Interviewer: Mama 596: Yeah they called her mama Interviewer: And what you they call you? 596: They call me papa. Interviewer: Papa. 596: That's right {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever know your grandparents? 596: Well yessum I know I know of my grandparents on my mother's side but my father's side they were dead before I knew anything about them Interviewer: Alright what did you call your grandparents on your mother's side? 596: We call him grandpa, grandpa and grandma Interviewer: You did? 596: That's what we call them Grandpa and grandma {X} Interviewer: And you father and your mother together are called your Pa- 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer: Called your what? 596: Parents yessum that's right Interviewer: Uh your sons and your daughters are called your children 596: Yeah Interviewer: Did you ever call them anything else other than children? 596: No might've said my daughter or my son or something like that Interviewer: Right did you ever call them chaps? 596: Well sometimes I just be talking about them I'd say maybe all around me here I'd say these chaps here are mine {NW} It's like that Interviewer: Uh when a child let's see A name that a child is known by just in the family you know something you'll name it one thing {X} but then in the family you'll be known something else what would you call that kind of name? 596: A nickname Interviewer: Alright when they are little and you'd call it any other supposed you were calling him sugar lump or sugar pie 596: Yeah Interviewer: Would that be a nickname? 596: Yeah that would be a nickname that wouldn't be his name that's a nickname that's right Interviewer: Okay with that what would a pet name be would you use that term? 596: Well I don't know what a uh pet name you could anything you could call it for a pet name just little ol' Something like that well sugar pie's a pet name Interviewer: That's a pet name? 596: Yeah that's a pet name Interviewer: Okay then if you had a boy named William you might call him what 596: Will Interviewer: Or 596: Uh Will or Bill Interviewer: Or Billy 596: Yea Billy or something like that Interviewer: Alright now that would be a nickname? 596: Yessum well now well now in a way That's just part of his name William They call him Will that's just part of his name Interviewer: That's part of him name 596: That's just part of the name I don't know whether you call that a nickname or not Interviewer: Alright {X} 596: Maybe the name John but you call him Jack you know like that something like that's a nickname Interviewer: #1 That's a nickname that's not part of his name # 596: #2 That's a nickname # No that's a nickname Interviewer: Suppose you had a son you know a lot of times you'll have a boy and you'll end up calling him sonny or buddy 596: Yeah Interviewer: Is that a nickname or a? 596: Well no I don't I don't know if that's a nickname or not Interviewer: Okay 596: Call him sonny or buddy Interviewer: If his name were say John 596: Yessum yeah yeah Well I other people they would call him buddy {X} and maybe other people wouldn't know what his name was Or they'd say who is I just called him buddy or what I know or something like that Interviewer: I see 596: But I suggest they call him by his name you know who it's talking about Interviewer: Did you call all of your children by their name? 596: Yes We got one, one time we called him instead of baby boy we called him brother Interviewer: Ah 596: Yeah we called him brother Interviewer: You know it's easy to do to get in the habit 596: Yeah Interviewer: When my little one came along my oldest boy's name is Roo he has an unusual name like yours And um I didn't think oh you know I want to talk to the baby about Roo so I called him Buzzy this is your Buzzy and heck it's caught on 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: I've got to be very careful cuz Roo cuz suddenly be Buzzy the rest of his life 596: Yeah it's true that's right mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh something that you that has wheels on it that you can put a baby in uh to push it around, it'll lie down and you push it around 596: You call that a baby carriage Interviewer: Alright and if you're gonna take the baby out it in you'd say I'm going to do what to the baby? 596: Well Imma tote the baby or I'm gonna take the baby out Uh feed him Something like that {X} Uh whatever you want to do with it Interviewer: Okay well I'm talking about putting him in there just going to drive the baby or wheel the baby Or if you go put him in the baby carriage to take him out 596: Take him out for a ride you'd say Interviewer: I see okay you just said tote And I think that's an interesting word 596: Yeah Interviewer: Um it does it can you tote anything? Or does it have to be something heavy for you to say I'd tote it 596: No it don't have it be heavy Interviewer: It doesn't? 596: No it don't have to be heavy {X} My pocket all the time or something like that Interviewer: I see so it wouldn't have to be a sack of flowers 596: No no no that's right Interviewer: Okay um if you're talking about your daughter you'd say that she's not a boy she's a She's not a boy she's a 596: Girl Interviewer: Alright now If you have a group of children you might say Well I'm talking about the fact that their grown up 596: Yeah Interviewer: and they act grown up you know that they're um mature 596: Yeah Interviewer: Acting You'd say well their all grown up but of them all calm is the 596: Wait now how you have {X} Interviewer: Okay talking about that they're all grown up meaning they all act with responsibility they're all mature 596: Yeah Interviewer: you know sober, level headed young people but one of them is even more so than the other one 596: I see Interviewer: Now using the word grown up about them you'd say he's the what of all of them? 596: Well uh he Was the baby of all of them would you say? Interviewer: No I'm thinking about would you this is really hard to ask 596: Yeah Interviewer: but it's an interesting word would you say he's the grown-upest of all of them? 596: No my wife I'd say if he's oldest or something like that Interviewer: We're talking about how mature he is 596: #1 I understand, I understand # Interviewer: #2 How you know how he has a good # 596: I understand what you talking about Well I know it is sort of hard to say it tell anybody else about it if he's in that condition You'd say he's all grown except one we would say that he's sort of off or something Interviewer: No I'm I'm talking in the other direction really uh I'm talking about if all of them you know were grown up 596: Yessum Interviewer: And but there's one of them that seems ready to take on responsibility 596: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 And do the work # even more than the rest of them 596: That's right yeah Interviewer: Would you say that he's the grown-upest of my children? 596: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 most grown up # of my children or the 596: Well I would see I would I mean I see how grown up is one of them I may say that one's got more responsibility than the rest of them I'd say something like that Interviewer: Okay 596: even if he seems to be more responsible than the rest of them Interviewer: Okay 596: Yessum Interviewer: Fine that's kind of a hard thing 596: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 to ask somebody # about 596: Wow that's right Interviewer: Some of these are harder than others 596: Yeah that's right it's harder than the others Interviewer: If one of your children has misbehaved you're liable to say to him you better watch out you're gonna get a 596: That's right Interviewer: You're gonna get a what? 596: You're gonna get a whooping Interviewer: {NW} 596: Something like that yeah Interviewer: Um A mother has looked after three children until their grown up you say she did what to those children she 596: Well she done her part you see maybe we'll say Well she raised those children Interviewer: Okay fine uh if a women is going to have a child you'd say she is what 596: Pregnant Interviewer: You ever hear any joking words used to refer to a women being pregnant? 596: Yes {NS} Interviewer: Alright come on {NW} Come on you gotta tell me {NW} 596: She's big Interviewer: She's big 596: Yeah {NW} You knew that word Interviewer: Would both women and men said it? 596: Yes some of them you mean you ain't got no any uh manner ain't got no you know he just come up {X} say it right to the girl say hey girl is you big {NW} Interviewer: They didn't hold it back did they 596: No you see some of them would do like that you know just like that Act like it was any his business {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you know in the old days they didn't and maybe I guess maybe now they're coming back too they don't always have doctors to deliver babies 596: No Interviewer: still have a women 596: Yeah that's right midwife Interviewer: Alright did back in the old days did they call her something else? 596: Well no maybe Auxillary: Granny 596: Yeah they call her granny something like that granny You didn't see any midwife might say granny that's what they say granny Interviewer: Yeah that's what I kind of wondered about Uh if a boy and his father have the same appearance you'd say the boy what his father? 596: He like his father Interviewer: Alright you say looks like his father? 596: No he act like his father you'd see it all he said he just like his father Interviewer: Okay now if you say he acts like his father does that mean how he looks or how he 596: No his ways Interviewer: His ways 596: His ways Interviewer: I see Alright um If a child if you see a child and we say this a lot if you see a child you maybe haven't seen him in a while and he's gotten taller you'd say my goodness how you've 596: How you've grown oh you have grown since I seen you last Interviewer: {D: A child that's born to an unmarried women is a?} 596: I would call him a basket child Interviewer: Alright are there any joking names? 596: {D: Well he jidimus he jidimus or something like that they call it} Interviewer: Alright did you ever hear them call a wood's coat in a kind of a joking way? 596: No I never ever know them of that way I never did know him like that bastard or either {D: a jidimus or something like that} Interviewer: Uh your brother's son would be your he his uncle he'd be your 596: Nephew Interviewer: Alright and a child that has lost both father and his mother is a what 596: Orphan child Interviewer: Would that be a child um whether or not he was living in a home I mean in a institution? You know they have an orphan's home 596: Yeah yeah Interviewer: would you call him an orphan even if he wasn't living in an orphan's home? 596: Well we call him that but he would be an orphan {X} If he's his child he done lost both mother and father why he is a orphan child If he was uh he if ain't old enough to take care of his own self Interviewer: Yep that's what I was and if he's not old enough to take care of himself sometime the court will appoint somebody to take care of him 596: Yes a guardian or something like that Interviewer: Alright um if a women has been away from home for a long time she sometimes goes back to visit all of her 596: Uh relatives Interviewer: Alright um yes she has the same family name does look like me but I'm actually no 596: No kin to her Interviewer: Alright do you ever use the learn kin folks 596: Yessum Interviewer: uh or people my people 596: Yessum kin folk yes that's right are my people are my kin folk or that's my blood or something used like that you know or that's my kinnery Interviewer: Kinnery? I hadn't heard that before 596: Well that's right in my kinnery Interviewer: How far would kinnery go you know like through how many cousins? 596: Uh maybe about fifty in the fourth generation Interviewer: I see 596: Played out when you get about the fourth generation about played out Interviewer: Now they're all kin folks or kinnery 596: Yessum while we Interviewer: Would they suppose would someone who say is about them an eighth cousin 596: Well some of them would claim it anyhow it's claimed that's my blood ain't no better kin there {NW} Interviewer: Has the same name and that's it 596: That's all some of them some people just wants to claim kin to you {NW} It do some of them just wanted to claim kin Interviewer: They should've got some money 596: Yeah {X} That's my folks that's my folk ain't no bit of kin to them Interviewer: Um Someone who has come into town and no one has ever seen him before so he's a what? 596: Stranger. Interviewer: There's a common name for a girl that begins with um an m um The mother of Jesus was named 596: Mary. Interviewer: Alright and I'm sure I get just some some um names here and how they're pronounced in this part of the country um Do you remember the the two sisters of Lazarus you know 596: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 there's Mary and # 596: And Elizabeth Interviewer: And uh Martha 596: Mary, Martha mm-hmm Interviewer: Right and the first of the four gospels the first book of the new testament this isn't a bible quiz I was just tryna get the 596: I see mm-hmm Interviewer: It's ma 596: {D: Mm-hmm ma, Mathus, Mark, Luke, and John} Interviewer: Alright and there's an old song uh that says wait 'til the sun shines remember the name of the girl 596: Where, wait 'til the sun shines I might know Interviewer: Nelly 596: I might not know Interviewer: Nelly Do you remember that that name Nelly 596: No I don't believe I do I don't. Is that in the bible question? Interviewer: No that's not in the bible question 596: Oh I see yeah Interviewer: I'm just find out if you knew the girl's name Nelly 596: Yessum yeah that's right Interviewer: Alright there's um a family name that I haven't seen much around here um but um it's um Cooper for example 596: Yeah Interviewer: If if there was um mr Cooper and he had a wife you'd address her as who? 596: Uh mrs Cooper Interviewer: Okay and if you said that slowly how would you say it? 596: Slowly? Interviewer: Uh-huh 596: mrs Cooper? Interviewer: Yeah I'm wondering cuz we tend to say mrs then when we talking in a hurry we say ms Cooper 596: That's right mrs Cooper mm-hmm Interviewer: {D: Right um a preacher who's not really trained and doesn't have a regular pulpit} and uh he preaches here and there and makes his living doing something else if he's not very good at preaching you'd call him a what? 596: Uh a jack league Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh what other occupations would you use to jackleg to refer to # 596: #2 (NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 596: Anything is just pretending to be and wants to be and you know can't do it well cuz that's a jackleg Interviewer: {NW} Would you say a jackleg lawyer? 596: Yessum jackleg lawyer, jackleg doctor, jackleg anything Interviewer: Jackleg anything 596: Yeah Interviewer: Just say jack leg governor 596: Well yeah jack league governor {NW} Interviewer: Alright what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 596: Auntie. Interviewer: Yeah who's that? 596: {X} My my mother Interviewer: No my mother 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: My mother's sister would be? 596: Your auntie. Interviewer: Alright 596: Mm-hmm your auntie Interviewer: Um If there were a man in the army and he was a general 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And his name were Lee You'd address him as as what? 596: Uh You said if a man Interviewer: Yeah lemme let me give you and example if there was a man in the army and he was a sergeant and his name was Smith you would call him Sergeant Smith 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright now if there's a man in the army with the name Lee and he's a general you'd address him as 596: Well I call him I'd reckon Interviewer: No you'd you'd say General Lee 596: General Lee, General Lee Interviewer: Yeah now this, that's the kind of thing I wanna try for just a minute 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: If there's a man named um Smith and he's a colonel how would you address him? 596: Uh well now you'll call him Colonel Smith wouldn't you? Interviewer: That's that's what I was deriving 596: Yes Colonel Smith Interviewer: If there's a, the man who presides over a hoard is a what 596: Um a lawyer, a judge Interviewer: Alright and if you had a judge who's name was Marshall you would call him 596: Judge Marshall Interviewer: Okay good if you had an uncle named William you'd call him 596: Uncle William Interviewer: If you had an uncle named John you would call him 596: Uncle John Interviewer: And um Let's see there's um a girl's name that begins with an "S" Sally sometime a nickname for it 596: Mm-hmm yeah mm-hmm um Sally Interviewer: Uh-huh it would be a nickname for Sarah 596: Yeah when uh I don't know that nickname for Sally Interviewer: No I mean it would be a nickname 596: Yessum Interviewer: What would it be a nickname for? What girl's name do you remember? 596: No Interviewer: Uh Sarah? 596: Sarah I think so Interviewer: Okay that's fine 596: That's right Interviewer: Um what do they call the man who's in charge of a ship? 596: Ship master wouldn't it? Interviewer: Alright um something else I'm thinking of a cap- 596: A captain Interviewer: Alright now would that be also in the army? 596: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 There would be one # In that white cap group that had captains 596: Yeah that's right he'd be, that's right that's right he'd be a captain Interviewer: Alright suppose uh when you worked with the railroad you know 596: Yessum Interviewer: What did you call your foremen? 596: Well uh Well let's see I worked in the rail {X} whoever he be you know I call him mr so and so or something like that Interviewer: You never addressed him as captain? 596: No no no no Interviewer: Alright you know there was a time when black men address white men as captain 596: As captain yeah sure would call him captain so now the wouldn't say captain they said cap for like captain it's like that Interviewer: Was that a a suppose to be in those days was that supposed to be an address to show respect? 596: Well that's what it's for yes that's to know you're over me I'm, you're over me Interviewer: I see it said to someone then who has some power over you 596: #1 That's right yeah that's right # Interviewer: #2 Authority over you # Oh I see {x} 596: Where is so and so? Can I do so and so? See captain there {X} Interviewer: Do they ever use um any other terms like that to for to show respect for say a black man to show I don't want to say respect cuz that's not what I mean but any other terms like that that you think of that a black man might use to his white employer? 596: Well they call him boss Interviewer: Boss 596: Yeah boss like that boss Interviewer: Would a black man ever call another black man captain? 596: Well Interviewer: If he if he would that black man was over him 596: Oh he he he usually wouldn't do it but he will now he'll do it now he'll call him captain he may not want to do it but he will do it Interviewer: But in the old days 596: Yes In the old days he wouldn't do it Interviewer: He wouldn't 596: They wouldn't even recognize one another Interviewer: They wouldn't? 596: No they wouldn't now they wouldn't recognize one another When they all he wouldn't do it no Interviewer: I see 596: That's right Interviewer: Um 596: But now he will, he'll recognize him Interviewer: What um are some terms that you think of that are used to refer to black people? What's the nicest way that you can speak of a black person? Let's take it if you don't mind let's take it by races cuz I this is something I think that it you know is important to look at too if a if a white person wanted to refer to a black person in the nicest way what would he call him? 596: Uh they used to would say darker Interviewer: It, was that nice? 596: No but Interviewer: But he would say it anyway 596: He would say it he'd just say I'm darker {X} Interviewer: You know they used to say colored people {X} and that an attempt I think 596: Yeah Interviewer: As I understood it to be nice 596: Yessum mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright then they there, what would they say now do you think to say something that would be you know just a nice way of referring to black people {x} 596: Of course in jail they did something most blacks they don't say who it is when you made you read about some something happened you don't say whether it's colored or whites now they don't something now they don't say you just wonder was he colored or was he white sometimes they you might find out just what it was and but they used to you know {NS} how'd they call us Interviewer: Well I was thinking about the changes you know that take place when I teach 596: Yeah Interviewer: My students are all young black people 596: Well that's right Interviewer: In inner city Atlanta now they wanna be referred to as black people 596: Yessum Interviewer: Black man, black women now you know the black now this group is eighteen, nineteen years old 596: Yeah Interviewer: Now and they don't want to be called negro 596: No no that's not Interviewer: Now what what do, would you say is the black people in this area would want to be called? 596: Why they want to be called is called they want to let you know who it is calling the Interviewer: If you had to say you had to say {X} 596: They'd say black folks Interviewer: Black folks 596: They'd say black folks he's a black he's a black male or black female or whatever you're called let you know, they'd let you know how it is you know who you're talking about Interviewer: Yeah I'm talking about instances where it's necessary to make the distinction then um I was told by one black man that the term nigger was still used by black people to each other 596: Why they do do like that they do that they'll do it Interviewer: Well he was saying that it was still used to um say ah he's a no count nigger 596: Why they do that Interviewer: To talk about somebody who's no good 596: Why they'll do it, they'll do that they'll you know disrespect his own color some will do it Some of them will do that yet some of them will disrespect him own people yeah Interviewer: Do you hear um the white man referred to as the man ? 596: Sometime they do yes {X} Interviewer: Now when he says that who do he mean does he mean boss? 596: He mean the boss man he consider that man over him he go see what he says about it what the man say about it Interviewer: Have you ever met Curtis {B} over here? 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer: He and I had a long, long chat in the middle of this week {X} Interviewer: {NS} And especially after you tell me about all the {C: laughing while speaking} all those children. 596: {NW} {C: laughing} Interviewer: He says he comes in at night counting noses. {C: slight reel distortion starts} {NS} 596: #1 You know that'd be what you call a passel of kids right? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. That's right. # A person who goes to elementary school you'd call him a what? 596: Uh #1 go to elementary school # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 or go to high school you'd say he's a what? # 596: #2 Yeah. # {X} somebody call him a senior or you'd call him a according how high he got hi- his grade. Interviewer: Alright what about going to college you'd say he's a college 596: College student. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh a girl or a woman in an office who takes care of #1 her employer's mail and takes his dictation and time she's his? {C: reel distortion ends} # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. {NW} {C: crack noise in background} # She uh She's the office girl we c- w- we would call her an office girl or Interviewer: Or a se- 596: {NW} {C: grunt} A self- employed or something. Interviewer: {B} is over there whispering. {NW} {C: name is said and should be beeped out, laughing in background} #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 Well I {NW} {C: starts laughing} # I might didn't understand what you who takes care of Interviewer: She takes care of uh does his work she's his sece- 596: Well I me uh office me I would call if you take down ah you would mean a bookkeeper. Interviewer: No that's not what I mean. 596: #1 No? # Interviewer: #2 Tell him what you mean Mrs. {B} {NW} {C: laugh} # Auxiliary: Secretary. 596: #1 What? Sec- a secretary oh yeah a secretary. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laugh} # 596: #1 I couldn't think of secretary. # Interviewer: #2 You know you've really only had to tell him about one answer. # 596: I c- I couldn't think of secretary. Course it ha- course it is a secretary. {C: auxiliary talk in background} #1 It just gets you know. {NW] {C: grunts} # Interviewer: #2 You've only had to tell him one thing one thing. I think he's fantastic. # Uh #1 anyone born in the United States talking about your nationality anyone born # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: in the United States is a what? 596: Well h- he he uh he's uh Interviewer: Ame- {NS} 596: Uh born in the United States #1 he's American. He's American. Yeah. {NW} {C: grunts} # Interviewer: #2 Right. That's what I was looking for. # 596: I thinking about you someone who was born out of the United States and come in here. Interviewer: No I I wasn't. 596: Oh no I I just thought you asked me about {X} or something. Interviewer: #1 No no that's not what I'm thinking of. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: grunts} # Interviewer: Uh I'm gonna go back to this or that people again and ask you about what you call #1 people if you ever call them peckerwoods or anything. # 596: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Uh how would you refer to white people who are just you know just 596: #1 Just- yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 uh aren't well off and they're lazy and don't work # #1 they're what? # 596: #2 Now that wha- that's what you call a peckerwood. # Interviewer: #1 That's a peckerwood ah ha. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 I knew I'd get that sooner or later. {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: continues to laugh} # #1 {NW} {C: continues to laugh} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} white people # 596: They call one #1 yeah th- they call one they call one another that. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} a cracker. # 596: #1 Yeah they call one another that but I don't I don't I I don't. # Interviewer: #2 Wha- # what would a white person call another one? 596: #1 He call 'em call 'em pecker- we call them peckerwood. Call 'em a cracker. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah and she said something else. # 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay w- would uh # #1 you be likely to call 'em a cracker? You call 'em a peckerwood. You wouldn't call 'em that. {C: laughing from both interviewer and auxiliary} # 596: #2 No ma'am. No I I d- I don't call I ain't gonna call 'em that I ain't gonna call 'em that. # No. Interviewer: #1 Oh my. # 596: #2 No I ain't gonna call 'em that. # Interviewer: Uh well one more one more term here. Anyone um who from out in the country and he goes into town and he kinda stands out #1 cuz he doesn't know about town ways. He would be a what? # 596: #2 Yeah {NW}. {C: grunt} # Well if he come he go to town he's standing around and he don't know much about it well I don't know what you would call that kind of person. Course sometimes I might be talking about myself {X}. Standing around and I don't know nobody in a strange place and you standing around. Interviewer: Well th- you know it kinda he kinda sticks out you have any ideas about that Mrs. {B}? Auxiliary: No ma'am. Interviewer: Every year I'm called a country hoosier 596: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 Or a # #1 a redneck or. # 596: #2 Well some- well something like that yeah yeah mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um #1 if someone's waiting for you to get ready so you can go somewhere with them # 596: #2 {NW} Mm-hmm. {C: grunt} # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. {NW} {C: grunt} # 596: #2 he says hey you gonna be ready soon you might say I'll be with you in ju-. # Just a few minute- just a minute. Interviewer: #1 Alright. {NW} {C: laugh} # 596: #2 Just a minute. # Sometimes that means it's a long minute but still. Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: laugh} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laugh} # Interviewer: Um if you know you're on the right road #1 and you aren't sure of the distance # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 you know like to Jackson # 596: #2 Yessum. # Interviewer: #1 you might stop at a filling station and you'd say how is it to Ja- how # 596: #2 {NW} {C: grunts} # #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 how what is it to Jackson? # 596: Yes say how far you know to Jackson or how or something like that how far you call it from here to Jackson #1 you say yeah. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 596: How far would you call it from here to Jackson. Interviewer: I see that that's 596: Why you wouldn't you wouldn't want him to know you just directly just didn't know so I mean you just #1 You say how far would you call it from here. # Interviewer: #2 Oh ho. # 596: #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 I'm glad you said that that's interesting. # #1 That's so you kinda cover up. # 596: #2 {NW} that's right. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 Ah. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: Um #1 if someone said how often do you go to town you might say oh I don't go very. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Well how often do you go to town? Interviewer: I don't go very. 596: I don't go very regular or that often or something like that. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Now I need to ask you about some parts of the body. 596: #1 Mm-hmm. Yessum, mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Names parts of the body. # #1 What would this part be? Just look at and I'll point to them this part right up here. # 596: #2 That's the forehead. # Interviewer: Right and this is one. 596: Hand. Interviewer: And two 596: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: #1 two what. # 596: #2 Th- thumbs. # Interviewer: No just tell me these are two what? 596: #1 A hand with fingers on them. # Interviewer: #2 And this pa- {C: cuts off laughing} # 596: #1 Yeah. Palm of the hand. # Interviewer: #2 And this part is the what of the. # #1 Alright. Um # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: these are my. 596: Shoulders. Interviewer: Alright and this whole thing is my 596: Uh loins from then on down. Interviewer: #1 Alright now would that be all of this down to here? # 596: #2 {NW} {C: grunts} # Well that'd be uh thigh Interviewer: #1 The whole thing though including. # 596: #2 Limb. # One of yo- one of your limbs. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 596: #2 Yessum. # Interviewer: Would you ever use leg? 596: Yessum leg yessum that's right. Interviewer: Alright would you be more likely to say limb or leg? 596: Well I'd say leg. Interviewer: Alright and this is one. 596: I would call the first {X} the leg {X} this is the leg. When I see the l- uh the whole here I wouldn't call from here on down the leg. Interviewer: Oh you wouldn't? 596: No cuz that is the leg though but still that's that's that's one side of it. But now the here your leg here thigh here knee here you know like Interviewer: #1 I see so you n- you think of the leg really as being from the knee down. # 596: #2 Yes ma'am that's right. # Interviewer: Okay uh would the whole thing be the limb? {C: background noise} 596: Well {X} no. #1 Cuz {X}. Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah that's right. So they'd be arms or legs. # 596: Why you s- if you just say a person's limb well you talking about the legs thighs arms and all. Interviewer: #1 Ah. # 596: #2 Those are his limbs. # #1 Yeah. {X} # Interviewer: #2 That would be the whole. I see. # This is my. 596: Hair. Interviewer: #1 Alright and if I were a man if I didn't shave I might have a # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. {NW} B- beards. {C: grunts} # Interviewer: Alright and this is my. 596: Ear. Interviewer: Alright which one. 596: That's your that's your right ear {X} #1 It's right. # Interviewer: #2 It don't matter I'm gonna get both of them. # 596: #1 Yeah. Yeah. Left ear {X} # Interviewer: #2 And this would be. # #1 {NW} Doesn't make any difference I just wanted both of them. {C: laughing at first} # 596: #2 Yeah. No. That's right. # Interviewer: And this whole thing is my. 596: {X} your face. Interviewer: #1 No right around here. # 596: #2 A mouth. # #1 Around the mouth. # Interviewer: #2 And one of these is a. # 596: Teeth. Interviewer: #1 Alright one would be a. # 596: #2 Tooth. # Interviewer: Alright and the things that hold your teeth in are #1 your. # 596: #2 Gums. # Interviewer: Alright uh I have one. 596: One thumb. Interviewer: No one. 596: Eh one arm. Interviewer: #1 What I'm hitting you with. # 596: #2 Oh fist. # Interviewer: #1 Okay and I have two. {NW} {C: laughing after phrase} # 596: #2 {X} Two fists. I do. {NW} {C: laugh} # Interviewer: Um at any place where you can bend your hand is a. 596: Joint. Interviewer: On a man 596: #1 {NW} Mm-hmm. His body {C: grunt at first} # Interviewer: #2 this part wo- right here would be his. # No this this right through here. 596: Oh his breast. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 And the front part of your leg from here right to here would be your # 596: #2 {NW} {C: agreeing grunts} # Shin we call it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Now have you ever seen a man sitting down in a funny way he's kind of squatting down. 596: Yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: And his #1 he's kind of folded up the way I look at you say he's down on his what. # 596: #2 Yeah {X}. # #1 Eh on his benders we call that. Yeah. {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 On his benders? {NW} Okay. {C: laughing} # 596: {NW} {C: laugh} Interviewer: #1 Someone has been sick a while and they're still kind of # 596: #2 {NW} {C: grunt} # Interviewer: #1 pale and thin you say you sure still look # 596: #2 Yeah. # You look you look sallow w- we call that sallow. Well I don't wait I wait a minute like we call that word sallow that means he kind of a pale kind of uh he don't look good. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 596: #2 Yessum that's right. # Interviewer: Would you ever use the term peaky? 596: Well that's a peaky looking peaky. We use that word. He looks peaky. That means you don't look good. Interviewer: Uh that would mean would that mean the same as sallow? 596: Yessum something like that yes. He looks peaky {X}. He don't look like he oughta look. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {C: background noise} if I say to you that girl is very common. 596: Mm-hmm {NW}. {C: grunt} Interviewer: What would you think I meant? 596: Mm-hmm. Why you oh you know where you mean she look common or she just got common or what? Interviewer: Alright now wha- what would that mean she had uh she she didn't always behave herself? 596: No sometimes you look common {X} how you behave yourself. Interviewer: Alright what what does it mean when you look common? 596: The way I see it you just don't look tempered or something like that you just look kinda #1 uh you know you jus- well you just # Interviewer: #2 You look ugly or? # Trashy? 596: #1 Something I don't know what you'd call that. {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. {NW} Okay. {C: laughing} # 596: Sometimes th- th- they just look common just common looking. Sometimes they're not a bad or nice person but you just kinda look common. That's all just kinda common. Interviewer: And a person who can um who is very a man for example who's very big and muscular {C: faint grunt in background} #1 you say he's very. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 He can lift he- things he's what kind of man he's a very. # 596: #2 Oh yeah. He'd be # Be husky. We call 'em husky. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Yeah {X}. # Interviewer: Um if he's kind of #1 slightly overweight or or a little fleshy you might say that he's a what kind of man? # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Well if he kinda o- overweight uh well I don't know what you'd call him. #1 He's stout I would he's stout. Yeah he's stout he's a stout man. # Interviewer: #2 Uh yeah now that's what I was thinking of that was the term I was thinking about. # 596: #1 Yeah. Yeah he sure is getting eh that man getting stout. He's getting stout right there. # Interviewer: #2 When you uh say stout you {X}. # #1 Alright so. # 596: #2 That mean he's getting overweight. {X} That's right. # Interviewer: Alright that's what I was thinking about that term. {C: faint grunts in background} #1 Somebody who's easy to get along with is very. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: grunts} # #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 He has a good disposition you say # he's very he's always. 596: Yeah humble kind or something like that. Interviewer: Or a good. 596: Yeah got a good disposition or something. Interviewer: Alright about a horse that was easy to get along with you'd say a horse was what. {C: grunts in background from 596} 596: He's got a good conditioned horse. Interviewer: You ever say good natured? 596: #1 Yessum well that's right good natured that's right. # Interviewer: #2 The horse. # #1 He's a good natured horse? # 596: #2 Yessum mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Would you ever say that about a person? 596: Well a good natured person we say {X} he's good natured. Interviewer: Alright. 596: That's all you knew about him you just every time you see him he seem like the same thing good natured. Interviewer: And a boy who's in his teens is likely to be all arms and legs #1 so he can't go through the room you'd say he's awfully # 596: #2 {X} # He's tall. Interviewer: #1 I'm talking about the fact that he bumps into things. {C: something drops in background} # 596: #2 That's right. # #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 He's awfully what? # 596: Awkward. Interviewer: Alright. 596: Awkward. Interviewer: #1 And a person who gets some money but never wants to spend it you call a. # 596: #2 Well he's stingy. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} Right. {C: laughing} Um. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #1 So w- suppose he's someone who's always trying to get something out of somebody. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah he's just a bummer. Interviewer: He's a bummer? 596: #1 Yeah he's a bummer. {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Alright {NW}. {C: laughing} # A person who keeps on doing things that just don't make any sense you say he's just a plain {C: grunt in background} 596: Yeah he's just a regular uh he keep on {X} you mean doing something wrong? Interviewer: No just doing silly things. 596: Well I see a silly thing h- he just Interviewer: That guy's just a born. 596: He's just a fool I would say {X}. Interviewer: Would ever have any would you feel kinda funny about calling someone a fool? 596: No'm you ought not to call 'em just put that off long as you can. Don't tell him to his face unless you just have to. Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: continuous laughing} # 596: #2 He's a fool. {X} You tell somebody else why he's a fool. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Beautiful beautiful. {C: while laughing} # 596: {NW} {C: still laughing} Interviewer: Oh my. If um if an old lady is still you know she's quite elderly. But she's still very #1 quick and active and gets around a lot you'd say she's mighty. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. {NW} {C: grunt} # Spry. Interviewer: Alright you'd s- ever say spry about an old gentleman? 596: Well active. Interviewer: #1 You say active about an old gentleman you tend to. # 596: #2 Yeah very active he's active that's what you say. # Interviewer: Alright do you ever say spry about young people? 596: #1 Well {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever? # 596: No'm why {X} uh. Maybe if you use uh if it's a female you say she well you say well she's kinda a womanish you wanna be uh you know a spr- little too spry. If he's a man uh male we could say he's spry something like that a mannish or something like that. Interviewer: Mannish? 596: Yes. Interviewer: Alright what were you saying over here Mrs.? Auxiliary: I said frisky. Interviewer: Frisky? {NW} {C: laughing} Alright um the children are out later than usual 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 so you say I don't guess there's anything wrong # 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 but I just can't help feeling a little. # 596: Uneasy about it. Interviewer: Alright. 596: That's right. Interviewer: I don't wanna go through a graveyard in the dark because I'm. 596: #1 I'm a little {X} going down there. Little {X}. # Interviewer: #2 You're a little what? # #1 {X}? Haha {NW} {C: starts laughing} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # #1 Wouldn't say I'm afraid just I'm kinda a little {X}. {NW} {C: laughs} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: continues to laugh} # Oh and a person who gets afraid easily is kind of. 596: Yeah all the time finding boogers. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say what about him he's. 596: Well he's I don't know. I wouldn't know what you call that person always finding a booger. I don't know Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 what you call it. # #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever say he's scary? # 596: Well he's scary or crazy or Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 596: #2 uh # Foolish or just what would you call it? All the time finding a booger. Interviewer: Uh someone who is not careful {X} that he is mighty. 596: #1 Um is he he's not careful. # Interviewer: #2 He's not careful so he's. # 596: {X} He's mighty unconcerned about himself or something. Interviewer: Alright if he's m- if he's not careful so he's care-. 596: Careless. Careless. Interviewer: There's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy but sometimes she acts kinda 596: Act kinda foolish act kinda curious. Interviewer: Alright do you ever say queer? 596: #1 Yessum queer that's right queer. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 596: So many things you can put there instead. Interviewer: Alright y- would you would you use queer now? 596: #1 Yessum she usually acting a little queer. # Interviewer: #2 She acts a little queer. # #1 If a man is very sure of his own ways and # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: never wants to change 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you might say just don't be so. # 596: Silly. Interviewer: Alright or don't be so what in your ways. 596: Yeah don't be so well if he he got a way and he just got that way all the time and nobody can't tell him worse or not but he just gonna hold that one thing well I don't know what you'd call that kind of person. Interviewer: Did you s- ever say don't be so sot in your ways or? 596: #1 Yeah well something. Something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Don't be so pigheaded or. # #1 Okay. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: grunt} # Interviewer: Somebody that you can't joke with 596: #1 {NW} {C: grunts} Well that's right. # Interviewer: #2 unle- without him losing his temper. So he's mighty what? # 596: Uh he can't joke w- w- without him losing his temper. Interviewer: And he's mighty what? 596: Well I don't know what you call him {X}. Yeah I if he {X} to joke with him I just gonna warn him no joking with me. Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 If I find him like that and he gonna lose his temper # I said well {X} right quick you gonna lose your temper so you can't joke with me. Interviewer: Would you call him fractious or 596: #1 I wo- yeah I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 596: no'm I wouldn't call him ei- either he's a fool {X} Interviewer: Okay I know you said fractious about that {X} 596: #1 Yes that's right he's fractious alright. # Interviewer: #2 {X}. That doesn't mean he lost his temper. # 596: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 That just meant that he. # 596: He just active you know just wants to. Interviewer: He'd do i- he'd do his own thing. 596: That's right. That's right. (C: laughing in background) Interviewer: Um I was just kidding that man I didn't know he'd get so what? 596: Get so mad get so angry. Fly off the handle we'd say. Interviewer: Alright {C: laughing in background) Uh somebody's about to lose his temper #1 you might tell him now just keep keep. # 596: #2 Yeah. {NW} {C: grunts} # Hold your temper don't lose your temper now be careful. Interviewer: #1 Or keep calm. # 596: #2 You keep silent. # Don't lose your temper. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: If you've been working very hard you say you are very 596: {NW} {C: grunt} {X} that you were very tired or something like that. Interviewer: Alright and what's just the worst you can say about that you're very very very #1 very tired. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What's the how do you express if you just can't get up out of the chair? 596: Well you just you just fatigued you just you just don't feel like getting up. you just go out. feel like you just gonna go out. Interviewer: Okay. {C: mutter in background} And Mrs. {B} over there said give out. You ever say that? 596: #1 Well sometimes I'll do that yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # If a person has been quite well and you hear that suddenly they have some sickness 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you'd say # well last night she {C: grunts in background} 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 she what sick? # 596: La- last night well let's see well when I seen her she was bad spry. She was bad active. Interviewer: Mm-hmm but last night she did what? 596: Well she taken sick. Interviewer: #1 Alright. Now # 596: #2 Mm-hmm all of a sudden. # Interviewer: #1 If she has to go to bed you know someone goes to bed for a long illness you'd say # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. {NW} {C: grunts twice} # Interviewer: she did what sick? 596: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 It was last year that my mother what # sick? 596: #1 Uh well taken sick {X}. # Interviewer: #2 Okay I was wondering about the expression got down sick. # 596: #1 Well that's a- that's right got down sick that's right. {NW} {C: grunt} # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever use that? I wonder if got down means you know that you're bedridden. # 596: Well. Interviewer: Would you say you wo- you got down sick if you took a cold but you didn't have to go to bed? No'm I wouldn't say that no'm I wouldn't call that got down sick. Well I'd say we- if you got down sick that just like you just taken sick and just kept on until you had to go to bed with it. 596: #1 That's called got down. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 596: Some kind uh {X} you don't have to get down {X} why you just you not down sick yeah. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 596: #2 You just sick you just ill. # Interviewer: What did you say about a cold? You say you know I #1 uh set in a draft yesterday and last night I started coughing so I did what? # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah {NW} I # I'd taken a cold. Interviewer: Alright. #1 If it affect your voice you'd say I sure am? # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah hoarse. # Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughs} And if you {NW} {C: makes coughing noise} 596: You've got a cough. Interviewer: Alright {C: grunt in background}. Uh if someone is supposed to take medicine. 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 And it you walk in the room and it's still there you say why haven't you # 596: #2 {NW} taken that medicine. {C: multiple grunts} # Interviewer: If you can't hear anything at all you say you're stone. 596: Mm-hmm crazy. Interviewer: #1 Stone well if you can't hear. # 596: #2 Deaf. # Yes ma'am deaf. Interviewer: #1 If a man has been working hard outside # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: and he comes in and he just wet 596: #1 Mm-hmm. {NW} Ah {C: grunt} # Interviewer: #2 you know take his shirt off and he say look how I. # 596: Look how I'm sweating or perspiring or what you'd call it. Interviewer: Alright uh and yesterday I but using sweat {C: grunt in background} 596: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 yesterday I # what all day yesterday I. 596: Yeah I sweated all day. Interviewer: Alright. Do you remember when children a lot used to have a a big sore #1 come on their arm. It had a core in it. What were they? # 596: #2 {NW} that's right yeah. {C: multiple grunts} # We call that a riser we call that a boil. Interviewer: Ah. 596: Yessum. Interviewer: If {C: grunt in background} you opened one of those what was the stuff that came out? 596: Call that a core corruption. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Yessum mm-hmm. # Interviewer: If you have one of those on your hand 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you hand gets bigger than it oughta be you say my hand is what? # 596: Swolled up. Interviewer: Alright and um {C: grunts in background} #1 i- it got all swolled up yesterday and it's still pretty badly. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Yes # still swolled up some today. Interviewer: If you get a blister 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 now # the stuff that comes out of a blister is? {C: grunts in background} 596: We call that a watering blister. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: In a war if a bullet goes through your arm you say you have a bullet. {C: grunts in background} 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Bullet what? 596: #1 In the in the arm? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah fo- if you get a # um a bullet in your arm in a war you say you have a bullet what? {C: grunts in background} 596: Uh bullet wound. Interviewer: And if it doesn't heal right {C: grunts in background} there he goes again. {C: background noise} #1 If it doesn't heal right you'll sometimes get a little raised # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: place around the the what the wound 596: #1 Yessum. {NW} {C: grunts} # Interviewer: #2 and some white stuff around it and some kind of flesh. # 596: Yeah. #1 Proud flesh we call it. # Interviewer: #2 Aha. # 596: #1 Yeah proud flesh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughs} # Do you still hear about that much? 596: No'm not so much you know. {X} they soon go to the doctor now. They don't take no chances on it. Yes we go to the doctor now and th- the doctor gives something to us. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer: If you get a little cut on your finger what do you put on it? To keep it from getting infected. 596: Well we put some kind of disinfect on it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Something to kill the poison out or something like that. # Interviewer: #1 Some people call it {X} some people. # 596: #2 {X} or iodine or something like that. # Interviewer: Alright and there's some medicine you used to take for malaria. 596: Yessum. Uh for malaria fever. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 596: When I well I remember I had malaria fever {X} strong medicine called Oxidine oxidine I believe yeah. {Gave us those. Bitter just bitter as gall. But it's good for that malaria. Interviewer: Does malaria come back after you've had it? 596: #1 Well it la- no'm. # Interviewer: #2 When you get rid of it. # 596: what do you mean like come back it takes so long for you to get it out of your system. Interviewer: #1 Really? # 596: #2 Takes so long for you to get it out of your system it just # stays with you long time. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 When did you have malaria? # 596: Ma'am? Interviewer: #1 When did you have it? # 596: #2 Oh it's been about # #1 now that was nineteen thirty three I believe it was. Yeah thirty three sure was. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 596: Nineteen thirty three I'd taken so much medicine. Til I went to a a dru- a drugist one day a doctor He said when I don't take more medi- you've done taken enough. Just try just try quitting. When I quit well I got better. Interviewer: #1 {NW} I think you were sick from the medicine. {C: laughs while speaking} # 596: #2 {NW} I did. {C: laugh} # Well I was taking so much of it I I I I I told him I done taken so much and nothing ain't turn no good and he said why don't you just try quitting? Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 I just quit. # And sure enough I didn't I I got better. Interviewer: #1 Oh that's funny. {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 That's right. Right. # Interviewer: Alright um if {C: background thumping noise} a man was shot {C: background thumping noise} and he didn't recover you would say he did what? 596: #1 Well he died you'd say. # Interviewer: #2 Alright is there a # nice way of saying it so as not to t- to spare people? 596: Well you'd say he passed. Interviewer: Alright is there a joking way that people refer to it ever? 596: N- well let's see let's see if he got shot and didn't get well and he died or he he passed or some folks use an old word well he croaked. #1 But I didn't say anything. Yessum. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} That'd be kinda rude. {C: laughs} # #1 Say he croaked. # 596: #2 Yessum. # Interviewer: #1 Alright um # 596: #2 Something like that. # Interviewer: I don't know what he died talking about you know the disease I don't know what he died what? {NS} {C: birds chirping} 596: #1 Y- you say well I don't # Interviewer: #2 Uh talking about the disease he had {C: bird chirp in background} # 596: #1 Yessum. Yeah. {NW} {C: grunts} # Interviewer: #2 somebody might say well you know what caused him to die and you say I don't know what he died. # 596: I don't know what he died with. Well he h- h- he de- he dies. I don't know what he died with but he dead. Interviewer: Alright. Uh and a place where people are buried 596: {NW} {C: grunt} Interviewer: is 596: Graveyard or cemetery y- you'd call it. Interviewer: Alright suppose it was a little family plot. 596: Well that's a little family cemetery we'd call it. Interviewer: Alright suppose it were next to a church. 596: Well that's a church cemetery church graveyard you'd say. Interviewer: #1 So the cemetery and graveyard are the same thing. # 596: #2 Yeah it's the same same thing. # Interviewer: What about one of those great big ones in the city? 596: Well I I'd guess it'd be about the same thing. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever call it a graveyard? # 596: Well a big cemetery I'd call it. Interviewer: Or you wouldn't tend to call those big the ones in the city. 596: Well I #1 that's just a big cemetery {X}. # Interviewer: #2 You wouldn't tend to call it a graveyard? # 596: Well no'm I reckon not in a way but I don't know what else to call it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Alright that's {C: laughs while speaking} # 596: #2 Yes I wouldn't know what else to call it. {X} # Now what would you call it now a a big place right there in the city with the buried people? Interviewer: It depends. Um i- generally you tend to think of a graveyard most people tend to think of a graveyard as not being #1 one of those big commercial things. # 596: #2 Sure enough. # #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 A graveyard they tend to think of as being something # more #1 private like a church owned graveyard or something. But it varies # 596: #2 I see. Yeah mm-hmm. # Interviewer: from place to place. 596: Sure enough. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 You don't often find anyone referring to the one in town as a graveyard but # 596: #2 No mm-hmm. # Interviewer: there are some people who do. 596: #1 Yes ma'am. No no no I see. # Interviewer: #2 There's no correct answer right or wrong about it. # #1 It's all on how we get it in our heads. # 596: #2 That's right that's right. # Interviewer: When a person dies you put him the body in a. 596: In a coffin. Interviewer: #1 Alright uh # 596: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: Is that the part now this is the part that you carry it's not the the part that's down in the grave 596: #1 {NW} {C: grunts} # Interviewer: #2 before you put before you bury. # 596: When a person dies they're put a funeral home first. Interviewer: Yeah I'm thinking about the box. 596: Yessum the box yessum. Yeah you well you put 'em in a {C: bird chirp in background} When you get 'em ready {X} next thing they got to lay 'em out They put them in th- the coffin now they do. {C: bird chirp in background} And uh and around we call 'em coffins but it's {C: background thumping noise} Interviewer: #1 Forgotten anything. # 596: #2 Yessum that's right. # Interviewer: Is that the same as a casket? 596: #1 Yessum casket that's what I was trying to say all the time trying to say casket but forgot it. # Interviewer: #2 Alright now coffin and casket though are # 596: #1 N- ah no'm this is a little different. # Interviewer: #2 exactly the same thing. # 596: #1 What's the difference? # Interviewer: #2 Your uh coffin that's what folks used to make when all them person died they make that coffin # 596: and put him in as a coffin it's made kinda you know Interviewer: #1 It's shaped kinda like the person who died? # 596: #2 but yeah yeah that's right. # But a casket is more than a scrape. Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Ah the casket is the kind you buy then? Aha. # 596: #2 Yessum that's right that's a casket. That's a casket. # Interviewer: {D: Did you ever hear one of those called a pento?} 596: Well I don't know I might have. Interviewer: But it doesn't bring anything to your mind. 596: No no. Interviewer: Alright have you ever heard of the term wooden overcoat? 596: Mm yes ma'am {X} Interviewer: Which one would that be? 596: #1 Well that's a tha- that's what they home {X}. They used to make 'em you know. # Interviewer: #2 That's that coffin? # 596: They call 'em {X} #1 I have you putting on that wooden overcoat on like that you know yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 596: I didn't know a nickname for it you know. Interviewer: Alright and the cem- the ceremony at the cemetery or at the funeral home is it is the what. {C: grunts in background} 596: Well the ceremony it's jus- just like you #1 Long {X} of some kind. {C: bird chip in background} # Interviewer: #2 No I'm thinking about after someone's died. # 596: Yessum. Interviewer: What's the ceremony they hold? #1 The preacher preaches his. # 596: #2 Yessum he preach the funeral. # Yeah preach the funeral. Interviewer: And if people are dressed in black 596: #1 Yessum yessum yessum # Interviewer: #2 you say they're in they're in what? # 596: Well mourning. Interviewer: Alright and suppose you know sometimes you'll hear someone will die and then the family's really just extremely #1 grief stricken. And they cry you know for a long time and you said the family's really # 596: #2 That's right. {NW} {C: multiple grunts} # They're in mourning still in mourning you know they {X} they may have some kind of sign a long time they'll know that they's in mourning and I forgot #1 you know they not {X}. # Interviewer: #2 Alright you ever hear the term taken on? # 596: #1 Yessum yessum. # Interviewer: #2 And what does that mean what does that refer to? # 596: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 I hear it sometime th- the people # #1 the women were really taken on. Now what does that mean? # 596: #2 Take on over the dead people that's # crying over 'em hollering over 'em screaming over the dead folk. Taken on that's what you talking about. Interviewer: Is that during the funeral or? 596: Well sometimes before the funeral come on. Interviewer: Before the funeral? 596: Yeah and sometime then after in the time of the funeral if y- you like that y- you say people sure they take on. then you know that's what they talking about. Interviewer: If somebody asks you just on the ordinary day how are you feeling today you'd say what. {C: grunts in background} Well I'd be a pretty fair I use that word myself. I'd be a fair that's what you'd call a fair. #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Well I feel pretty good I don't feel bad I feel uh right as usual feel you know I feel fair. Some say I feel pretty good. {C: bird chirp in background} Some I feel very well and all like that. #1 You gotta have something to say. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. Yeah you do don't you. # Did you ever hear something like {C: bird chirp in background} fair to middling? 596: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: #1 Have you ever heard do you ever use that? # 596: #2 Yessum I no'm I didn't use it never did. # Interviewer: If the children are out late and your wife's getting a little upset you might say to her now they'll get home alright just don't 596: Yeah don't worry just don't worry now kinda be quiet they be there after a while. Interviewer: #1 Uh the disease # 596: #2 You hoping yourself # #1 ain't nothing happen to them. That's right {NW}. That's right. Well you just tryna {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} You're comforting them. {C: laughing} # 596: cheer up or something like Interviewer: Right. #1 A disease that you get in your joints is? # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. # {NW} Well joints we call that uh fever or something like that or now- nowadays we call it uh rheumatism or arthritis or something like that. Interviewer: #1 Are rheumatism and arthritis the same thing? # 596: #2 Yessum that's about the same thing. # Interviewer: Children used to have a disease that uh in their throat where their throat got all full of blisters 596: #1 Yessum. # Interviewer: #2 it was called dip- # 596: Diphtheria. That {X} that's rough. #1 We had a child had diphtheria. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Oh did you? # 596: And then #1 the doctor gave him a shot {X} cured him of it. Cured him of it. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # #1 That's good. # 596: #2 Gave him that shot that evening and said now if you living # by morning you come back and report it. Next morning he was living and went back and reported it. He said well he wrote it down put it down he said well that's another case that we was able to stop. Interviewer: Is that right this must've been a long time ago. 596: #1 Yessum it was. # Interviewer: #2 Back when they were trying out cures for it. # 596: Yessum that was around that was nineteen twenty nine I believe it was. Interviewer: #1 Oh that was when they were still finding it and {X}. # 596: #2 Yessum. That's right yeah. # Interviewer: Good. {C: background noise} Uh there's also a disease where your skin and yo- or or your eyeballs or something turns yellow. 596: Yes ma'am yellow jaundice. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 Yessum. # Interviewer: Um #1 when you have a pain down your right side you mi- you might have what. # 596: #2 Yeah. # Mm-hmm appendix or something like that. Interviewer: Alright did they used to call it cramp colic? 596: Yessum cramp colic or something like that. You was willing it to be camp cramp colic cuz yo- you wouldn't want it to be appendix cuz {X} to be operated. Interviewer: #1 Yeah then c- cramp colic is not the same thing as {X}. # 596: #2 No ma'am. No {NW}. {C: grunts} # Interviewer: If a man eats something that's not that won't agree didn't agree with him. 596: #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And it just wouldn't stay down he said he had to what. # 596: Well he uh he had a {X}. Interviewer: #1 Yeah but if he had to you know if it wouldn't stay # 596: #2 Oh yeah he vomit. # Interviewer: #1 Alright. {C: laughs while speaking} # 596: #2 Yeah he vomit. # Interviewer: Is there a nice way of saying it what's the nicest way you can say that? {C: grunts in background} 596: Well you say he puked you s- Interviewer: #1 Now that's not the nicest way I know is it? {NW} {C: laughs} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughs} # Well now vomit {X} Interviewer: #1 Vomit's better than that? # 596: #2 Uh heave or something like that. # Vomit or heave. That's about a nice way you can say it wouldn't it? Interviewer: #1 Okay and puke is not too g- great. # 596: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm no that's a I think about a buzzard when you see that. # Interviewer: Oh really? 596: #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Why do you think about a buzzard? # 596: Well that's what he do you know. Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 596: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: I didn't know that. 596: Oh yeah buzzards that's what he yeah he puke that that's that's that's about the only thing they do on a regular. {X} Interviewer: #1 Is there a # 596: #2 That's just an old word we use you know. # Interviewer: Oh sure. And then if if you say a person vomited talking about his stomach 596: Yeah. Interviewer: you say he was sick. 596: Yes. Sick on his stomach. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Yessum. # Interviewer: Um the boy is very much interested in a girl. 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And he goes to see her a lot and he hangs around you'd say he's doing what? {C: grunts in background} 596: #1 {X} courting {X} # Interviewer: #2 Ah. # 596: #1 {NW} {C: grunt} # Interviewer: #2 Is that what they would have said about you? # 596: #1 No no. # Interviewer: #2 Back in the old days? # 596: My daddy my own daddy wouldn't say that he wouldn't say it like that. Interviewer: #1 He wouldn't? # 596: #2 No he wouldn't say that he wouldn't say it like that. # Interviewer: What would he say? 596: He call he call he he he call it boy I say he said that boy's kinda smelling around #1 seeing just his girl. {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # #1 He's smelling around. {NW} {C: laughing while and after speaking} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # #1 Yeah I know he kinda smelling around that girl. {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # #1 Oh that's great. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Auxiliary: Or knocking around. 596: Yeah but he wouldn't say knocking around he just messing around. Interviewer: #1 Oh that's cute. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: Well and then if they're going together you know if he's smelling around or {C: grunts in background} #1 you'd say- I like that. {C: breaks into laughter} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: you'd say that he was her what? 596: Yeah uh nowaday they say I say that boy has a girlfriend. Interviewer: What'd they say in the old days? 596: Oh back in well they'd say this is my beau. Interviewer: #1 Beau? # 596: #2 I'd say beau {X} beau is what they say then. # Interviewer: And what would the girl be then he'd be her beau and she'd be his what? 596: Uh I don't know what di- what did they call the girl? {X} uh #1 I forget now just what'd they call them girls. # Interviewer: #2 I don't know. {C: mutter in background from auxiliary} # 596: #1 {NW} {C: laughing and a whoop at the end} # Interviewer: #2 No telling now. {C: mutter in background from auxiliary} # #1 That's right. # 596: #2 Well I don't know what # #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 But you got him didn't you. # 596: #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 And you've had him a long time. {NW} {C: laughs} # 596: Woo my {X} Interviewer: #1 Oh my goodness. # 596: #2 I'm telling you. {NW} {C: grunt} # Interviewer: Uh if he asks her to marry him and she didn't want him what would you say she did to him? {C: grunt in background} 596: Well she just if she didn't want him {X}. Interviewer: #1 Eh back a long time before huh? {NW} {C: laughs at end} # 596: #2 I'm telling you that's right. # Interviewer: Well suppose that uh he asked her to marry him. 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And she didn't wa- she decided she didn't want to marry him so you'd say she did what to him. 596: Well I say she just decided she didn't wanna marry you wouldn't couldn't say it if they're around. She fooling. Because you know. Interviewer: An wha- what would it mean that she fooled him? 596: Why if h- if she pointing at him and didn't marry that's fooling. Interviewer: I see. 596: #1 Yes that's fooling. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # #1 Well would you say she turned him down or she threw him over or. # 596: #2 Well yeah something like that or # something like that. You see she put him down or something like that. Interviewer: Alright. Uh but if she said yes then they'd go ahead and get 596: Mm get married. Interviewer: Alright what's the uh at a wedding who's the man who stands up with the groom {NS} {C: bird chirp} what do they call him? 596: Uh groom the man he's called a h- h- he's called a be- a groom. Interviewer: The man but and the bride but then who stand when you got married what did you call the man that stood up with you? {C: grunt in background} 596: {X} Ah I can't think now what do we call we call now one that walks out with him. Uh the best man ain't it something like it we call #1 Yeah. Yeah best man I think. # Interviewer: #2 That's one thing you call it right. # What about the girl who stands up with the bride? 596: Mm-hmm. Well I she called the best lady too I think we call her. What's that? Auxiliary: Bride maiden. 596: Well I something like that I don't know I I. Interviewer: Okay Mrs. {B} said the bridesmaid. {C: need to bleep out name here}. 596: #1 Probably so. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 So that's one thing that they call it right. # 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you ever hear after a wedding 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: of people coming round the house where the couple was #1 and banging on pots and pans. # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer: What's that called? 596: Called shivaree. Interviewer: #1 Ah. # 596: #2 I used to be good at that. # Interviewer: #1 Did you? Tell me about it. # 596: #2 Ooh. {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: What did you do? 596: Oh we go round them them rang bells and shoot guns and do other things. Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 And jus- just # Yes. {NW} #1 {NW} {C: continues to laugh} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah Mrs. {B} says you were were a main leader of that. # 596: Woo. Interviewer: #1 Was this done the night uh after the wedding? Wedding night. # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. Yes ma'am the wedding night. # Interviewer: Okay then wha- what would make you stop did they have to invite you in or do anything to you? 596: No we just stopped maybe we'd have sense we'd have the sense maybe just after a while. Interviewer: {NW} {C: laughs} Do they ever give you anything for doing it? 596: No not a thing. #1 No not a thing. # Interviewer: #2 And it didn't indicate th- th- that you didn't like the fact that they got married. # #1 You just a a way of teasing 'em. # 596: #2 Yes ma'am. I just # why in fact I just reckon I know one couple got mad and we didn't shivaree him. He #1 he didn't like it a bit. {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # #1 Oh I like that. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # He didn't like it he says uh I thought y'all was gonna come around and {X}. No we ain't getting around I bet y'all was scared I wasn't gonna bother you. No we didn't know what you might do we know #1 We just didn't get a round to him {X} but he didn't like that a bit he thought. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You insulted him. # 596: well he #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Did were you all shivaree when you were married? # 596: #1 No'm did the shivaree? I don't believe they did I I # Auxiliary: #2 No. # 596: That's one time I didn't have to reap what I sow. Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: Laughing} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: Laughing} {C: auxiliary mutter in background} # #1 {NW} {C: continues to laugh} # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? {NW} {C: continues to laugh} # Oh that's a shame. That's really a shame {C: laughing from 569 and auxiliary in background} Auxiliary: #1 {X} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: Oh that's great {NW}. {C: continues to laugh}. Did you do it after you were married did you still 596: #1 I did I did I kinda # Interviewer: #2 {X}? # 596: kept you know still carried it on for a while. Interviewer: Oh that's cute I like where was this uh #1 this was in Franklin County? # 596: #2 Yes ma'am it was in Franklin County. # Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a {X} done around here? 596: No'm I never did no'm I never hear of it not nowhere. No'm I just heard it played out Interviewer: #1 Yeah things do don't they. # 596: #2 {X} # Oh we used to spend some time shivareeing wouldn't let nobody get by. Interviewer: #1 You wouldn't now. {NW} {C: laughs} # 596: #2 No. # Nuh-uh they can sit up late if you want to but they gonna go to bed after a while if they don't we gonna ease up on top of the house and pour water down the chimney and put the fire out #1 and all that. And all that and all. # Interviewer: #2 You're kidding. # #1 You put water down the chimney and put the fire out? # 596: #2 Down the chimney and put the fire out you know {X} # The only thing would be with the lights all lights and nothing like that put the fire out and leave 'em in the dark and oh all them bells rang guns a shooting and all like that. Interviewer: Oh tha- that's great. Uh if talking about you know a whole uh a lot of people #1 all together you know # 596: #2 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: and they were doing something bad. 596: {NW} {C: grunt} Interviewer: #1 you know r- raising a ruckus you might say the police came and arrested the # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. {NW} Mm-hmm. {C: multiple grunts} # So many of them like that. Interviewer: #1 Or if they arrested all of them you'd say arrested the what. # 596: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # A whole bunch of 'em he caught 'em a whole bunch #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Uh when people a long time ago people used to to have entertainment maybe in houses and they'd have something called maybe a square a square what? Where they you know had music and um 596: Square dance? Interviewer: #1 Yeah did you all ever have any dances in the house? # 596: #2 No no sure didn't. # Interviewer: #1 You didn't do any square dances you have any kind of dances? # 596: #2 No. # No'm we didn't back it around here where we was just sometime on Saturday night just have a we call a break down #1 something like yessum. # Interviewer: #2 Break down? What was that like? # 596: Oh that was some dancing and going on like that like that maybe start selling something you know a little party #1 {X} dancing or something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Was that at a home or- # 596: Well maybe at a somebody's house locally at somebody's house you know. Interviewer: You spent your time shivareeing. 596: #1 Yessum that's right. {C: loud sharp background noise} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laugh} # Oh my. Uh if a boy left home to go to school and he didn't show up at school 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: is it getting late for you? 596: #1 Yes no that's alright. # Interviewer: #2 We're just almost through. # 596: That's alright. That's alright. That's alright. Interviewer: #1 What time do you # 596: #2 I ain't got nothing I ain't got nothing to do but sit here twenty five minute past six. # Interviewer: #1 Oh is it that late? When do you eat dinner though? # 596: #2 Yessum. # We since you live here we. Yessum. Interviewer: It's not getting around toward time to eat again? 596: No it's alright no that's alright. Interviewer: You said it was it was what time I'm sorry? What time did you tell me it was? 596: Uh it's uh twenty-five past six. Interviewer: That means it's almost what it's what. 596: Yessum it's going on toward seven. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 596: #2 Yessum {X} six-thirty. # Interviewer: Would you ever say {X} into another question 596: #1 {NW} {C: grunt} # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever say half past six? # 596: Yessum I say it sometimes ha- half past six. Interviewer: Suppose you know suppose it was six-thirty 596: #1 Well that's # Interviewer: #2 and it was fifteen minutes # later than that {C: grunt in background}. 596: #1 Mm-hmm. Well I say I say it's uh # Interviewer: #2 How would you tell me what time? # 596: uh six forty-five. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say quarter to seven? 596: Yessum quarter to seven something like that just the same like that six forty-five or quarter to seven. Interviewer: Either one. 596: #1 Yessum. Yessum that's right. # Interviewer: #2 You wouldn't use one more than the other? # Alright. 596: That's right. Interviewer: Uh #1 let's say I started to ask you a boy left home to go to school he didn't get there you say he did what. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Well he we call that uh {X} we call that now? uh there was a boy who used to do that round here in this country. #1 I think- # Interviewer: #2 Played. # 596: Ma'am? Interviewer: He played. 596: Uh I can't call I know what I'm talking about but I can- I just can't #1 can't call that what y- what you call that. # Interviewer: #2 Is it played hooky? # 596: #1 Well no- now that's what I'm trying to say. # Interviewer: #2 Aha. # 596: #1 That's what I'm trying to say but it just got away from my mind. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laugh} # #1 Oh that's only two things. I think you're still pretty good. # 596: #2 Yeah. Played hooky. Yeah. # Played hooky that's what I was trying to say but it just wouldn't #1 my mind wouldn't say hooky. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah well I'm st- I found that problem # 596: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 even with me. # You go to college in order to get a good what. 596: Uh get a good college learning. Interviewer: Alright or a good e-. 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 A good edu-. # 596: Education. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: Uh and after high school you might go on to 596: Yeah you go on to college and you finish your twelfth grade we call that no go on to entering college. Interviewer: Alright and what's the first uh when a child enters school 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 first time you'd say what's the first thing he goes into? # 596: Well it used to be way back in my day alphabet. Interviewer: Really? 596: Yeah it used to be in my day and time. Interviewer: What do they call it now? What is it try- is there a a grade or 596: Call call it uh uh primer primer or primary who do you call that first little grade. Auxiliary: Kindergarten. 596: Hmm? Auxiliary: Kindergarten. 596: Kindergarten? Why do y- why that kindergarten means that you just not started. Interviewer: You know after kindergarten. 596: Yessum. Then you go to school after kindergarten. Interviewer: Yeah would that be the the first reader or the first #1 class? # 596: #2 N- well I first grade yessum wouldn't be the first p- primer I reckon. # Interviewer: Okay. 596: We used to call it primer. Interviewer: #1 Used to call it primer {X}. # 596: #2 Yeah. Yeah. Yeah we used to call it primer. # #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 596: If you leave your your A B C that what we call um. alphabet the next with the primer Interviewer: When you go to school you sit at a you sit down at a 596: Y- 'em at a desk you mean? Interviewer: Uh-huh if you have more than one of those the room has thirty-five what desks? {C: grunts in background} 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Thirty-five what? 596: Uh seats. Interviewer: Or {X} and desks. 596: #1 Yessum. # Interviewer: #2 There's thirty-five. # 596: Desks. #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Um #1 you sta- if you go into a strange town you stay overnight at a what? # 596: #2 {NW} {C: multiple grunts} # Well at a hotel. Interviewer: #1 Alright. And you # 596: #2 Or a motel. # Interviewer: #1 might go see a movie at a at a what. # 596: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # At a picture show. Interviewer: Alright or is there anything else they would call it a thea-? 596: Let's see a movie sure #1 A theater. Yes ma'am. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Alright good. # Um when you went to the hospital your doctor was there but there was a woman too who looked after you. 596: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 She was a. # 596: Nurse. Interviewer: And where do you catch a train? 596: Ma'am? Interviewer: #1 You catch a train at the # 596: #2 The station. # Interviewer: Alright you might call it the rail 596: Railroad. The railroad station. Interviewer: Alright. Uh do you ever call it a depot? 596: #1 Depot yes ma'am. Yes ma'am. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Depot now? Alright. # Is that an old word you think? 596: Ma'am? Interviewer: Do they still use depot? 596: No'm they don't call it no no depot. Interviewer: #1 That's an old old. # 596: #2 Yeah that's just an old way of using it. # Interviewer: Alright if you are walking say this is a room. 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If you walk across the room this way you say you're walking across it how? 596: Uh angling. Interviewer: #1 Angling? Alright. # 596: #2 Yeah angling. Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 Suppose there was a piece of furniture sitting in a corner you know across the corner. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Yessum. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: How would you say the cor- furniture was sitting? 596: Across the corner. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 596: #2 We call it catty corner. # Interviewer: #1 Alright. {NW} {C: laughing} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 You like that? {NW} {C: continues to laugh} # 596: #2 Yeah.{NW} {C: continues to laugh} # Interviewer: #1 I like that word. # 596: #2 {NW} {C: continues laughing} # Interviewer: Um back over in Jackson I'm told they used to have some things that you rode on in town that had tracks 596: Yes. Interviewer: and a wire. 596: #1 Ah that's right that's right. # Interviewer: #2 That wa- those were what? # 596: Street car. Interviewer: If you were riding on one of those and you saw your stop coming up you might say to the conductor I want. 596: Yessum. Interviewer: I want what? 596: On uh uh I want a street car I want a ride. Interviewer: If you were on it though. 596: Yessum I wanna stop. Yessum I wanna stop. Interviewer: Alright I wanna get 596: Yeah I wanna get off here. You rang that bell {NS} {C: sound of fist pounding} like that he'd stop Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: laughs} # 596: #2 and let you off. # Interviewer: Did you ever ride 'em? 596: That's right. Yes ma'am I ride 'em oh down in New Orleans. And in Nashville. I used to go to Nashville. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Uh in Lincoln County talking about where the government is you know you'd say in Lincoln County Brook Haven is the what of Lincoln County? 596: Capital of Lincoln County somebody will say. Interviewer: Alright. Um and if you are a postmaster you get paid by the federal 596: Government. Interviewer: And the police in the town are supposed to maintain what? 596: Uh uh peace yes ma'am. Interviewer: Alright and there's something else kind of a catch word that people start using. Uh you so- sometimes put it together with order. They're supposed to maintain what? 596: Uh order. {X} Maintain Interviewer: The law. 596: Let's see. I don't know what you call it but he's that he's that Interviewer: You can say it a little louder if you want to. 596: He gotta keep peace. And uh Auxiliary: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Very good. # #1 You can say it louder so he can hear you. # Auxiliary: #2 I said law. # Interviewer: Law and 596: Oh lord yeah that's his business Interviewer: Law and order? 596: Law and order why sure that's right. Interviewer: #1 You ha- you know when these political candidates get up they say we're get tough and we're gonna have # 596: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 better what law? # 596: #2 Yeah law that's right laws and all of that. # He say that he gonna do that until he get in. Interviewer: #1 {NW} Right. {C: laughs} # 596: #2 {NW} {C: laughs} # Interviewer: Uh the fight between the Northern and the Southern states uh that was called around here they call that the what? 596: Uh between the North and the South? Interviewer: Yes sir. 596: Why they used to have what'd they call 'em uh uh the Mason-Dixon line was crossed there uh uh between the whites and the and the coloreds. Interviewer: No I'm thinking more about back in the eighteen hundreds about eighteen sixty-five. 596: Yes. Interviewer: They had the war you know the North fought the South. 596: Yessum well tha- well that was was that the Civil War? Interviewer: #1 Uh would tha- would that be what they call it around here? Alright. # 596: #2 I think so yeah the Civil War. # Yeah that's the Civil War. Interviewer: Alright I need to try to #1 to wor- to get you to say some state names for me. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And we'll just play around with this and see how it works out. It's not I'm not #1 testing you in any way. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 And I want to get you to say the state for me so I'll see how they pronounce the state here. # 596: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Example New Orleans is in what state? 596: #1 Uh in Louisiana. Louisiana. {NW} {C: grunts} # Interviewer: #2 Okay you know in some parts of the country. Around here they say Louisiana. # 596: #1 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer: #2 Well in some parts of the country they pronounce it Louisiana. # 596: #1 Yessum. Yes ma'am. # Interviewer: #2 You've heard that haven't you? # Okay so what this is the point of this little group of questions to see how they pronounce {X} {C: reel distorts and fades into silence} Interviewer: uh up in the the East there's a state the city is Baltimore 596: Baltimore Interviewer: What state would that 596: That's in Maryland, ain't it? Interviewer: alright and Roanoke is in 596: Virginia? Interviewer: Raleigh? 596: North Carolina Interviewer: Charleston? 596: South Carolina. Interviewer: Atlanta? 596: Georgia. Interviewer: Uh Tallahassee? 596: Florida. Interviewer: Birmingham? 596: Alabama. Interviewer: Uh Louisville? 596: Kentucky. Interviewer: Um Memphis? 596: Tennessee. Interviewer: Saint Louis? 596: Missouri. Interviewer: Little Rock? 596: Arkansas. Interviewer: Uh and this State is 596: uh Interviewer: What we're in. This- 596: Uh I mean uh our state is in uh Mississippi #1 Jackson Mississippi Jackson Mississippi # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh you were doing so well I sure hate to trip you on your own state 596: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 596: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 596: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # Dallas? 596: Texas. Interviewer: Uh Tulsa? 596: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Boston? 596: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Alright and Albany? 596: Georgia Interviewer: Okay that's what I was afraid you were gonna say. {NW} there's another Albany 596: {X}. Interviewer: Uh-huh up in what's the big state up north where they been having the power problems lately um the state and the city have the same name it's new 596: New Hampshire or New Jer-Jersey or Interviewer: Keep trying you're right next to it 596: New Hampshire New Jersey new Interviewer: New Yo- 596: New York or Interviewer: that's what I was looking for- 596: #1 Yes I'd say # Interviewer: #2 okay # you'd call that new- instead of saying it's New York City you'd say it's New York what 596: N- New York City? Interviewer: Or New York 596: Albany New York Ne-New York or uh Interviewer: New York state? 596: Yeah New York State now Interviewer: okay to make the difference 596: that's right yeah Interviewer: Alright and then if that group of states up there Maine Connecticut Vermont New Hampshire they're all called the what states the new 596: Where what states? Interviewer: Yeah the new england 596: new england yes ma'am Interviewer: Yeah they- they're called the what states? the new england states? 596: yeah the new england or new england I think I heard it Interviewer: That's fine 596: Yes Interviewer: Alright now I'm gonna give you um a state and try to get what do I hear down there 596: Crows Interviewer: Really what are they there for 596: Ah they chasing something maybe a hawk or just something the other day that's chasing 'em around maybe a bird or something Interviewer: Oh really I hadn't heard 'em before 596: Yeah them's crows Interviewer: your mule has been quiet 596: Yeah Interviewer: Do you have to feed him at night? 596: No ma'am I feed him every morning but I see he been getting up here all day I I I just he he's a sport you now right Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright now we'll go backward until I give you the State and Let you you know play around with trying to give me the city 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay the city we were talking about in Maryland is Bal- 596: Baltimore. Interviewer: Alright and Missouri? Saint 596: uh St. Louis? Interviewer: Alright I'll give you the first sound of the 596: Yeah Interviewer: In South Carolina it's Charl- 596: Charleston mm-hmm Interviewer: In Alabama it's Bir- 596: Um Birmingham Interviewer: In Illinois it's 596: It's Chicago Interviewer: In Alabama there are a couple of them #1 there besides Birmingham there's Mont- # 596: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Montgomery Alabama Interviewer: and mo 596: and mobile. Interviewer: Alright and in North Carolina there's a place called Ash- 596: Ash Ashton wasn't it? Interviewer: Uh Asheville? 596: Asheville yeah Asheville Interviewer: in Tennessee 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: there are four big cities 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: There's Mem- 596: Um Te- Memphis? Interviewer: Uh-huh there's Nash 596: Um oh uh um Interviewer: Ah you have company 596: no ma'am don't know who that is Auxillary: can you tell me where {X} is {NS} 596: Who that? Interviewer: Clarabelle {B} Auxillary: Clarabelle {B} 596: no ma'am I don't know- I don't believe I know ms. it's on the smith lake road? I don't believe I know 'em Auxillary: {X} 596: yes ma'am. Interviewer: You're in a handy place for people to ask directions 596: Yes for sure {NW} Clarabelle {B} Interviewer: Never heard of her cause {X} 596: I don't know any Interviewer: They may be on the wrong road 596: Yeah that's about what there Auxillary: {X} 596: #1 No uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 That's true # 596: But I don't know no {B} around here. Interviewer: Mm Uh Let's see we were talking about cities in Tennessee 596: That's it Interviewer: Alright there's Memphis 596: #1 In Me- Memphis Tennessee, Memphis # Interviewer: #2 In Tennessee there's cit- and Na- # 596: Nashville Tennessee Interviewer: and Kno- 596: Knoxville Tennessee Interviewer: And Cha- 596: Chattanooga Tennessee Interviewer: In Georgia there's Atlan- 596: Atlanta Georgia Interviewer: And Sava- 596: s- uh Sava- S- uh Savannah Georgia Interviewer: Good 596: And a Interviewer: Colum- 596: Uh What that? Interviewer: Colum- 596: Columbus Georgia Interviewer: And what about Ma- 596: Mm Mac- uh Interviewer: Macon? 596: Macon Macon I'd say Macon Georgia Interviewer: Alright 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And in Louisiana or Louisiana new 596: Well now New Orleans Interviewer: And Bat- 596: Baton Rouge Interviewer: #1 and yeah # 596: #2 {D: and Bogalusa} # And all in a Interviewer: in Ohio there's Cin- 596: Cincinnati Interviewer: In Kentucky there's Louie 596: Louisville Kentucky Interviewer: And the city where the government's located you know in the Federal government that's what? 596: #1 um # Interviewer: #2 what's the # place where the federal government's located? 596: mm-hmm the federal- the federal Interviewer: wash 596: Washington DC? Interviewer: Alright 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Before they had an electric chair, murderers were 596: uh before it had electric chair? Interviewer: Mm-hmm What'd they do to murderers 596: Why the hung used to hang 'em #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay # You'd say that um the murderer was what was 596: Wha- the murderer Interviewer: was 596: mm well I let's see we I understanding {NS} now you- you'd have they got electric chair now Interviewer: uh-huh back in the old days we're talking about hanging him 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: you'd say the murderer was what? 596: well I well I don't know what you'd call the murderer. Interviewer: Hung 596: Hung yes we say he was hanged Interviewer: he was hanged #1 yeah that's what I was trying to find out # 596: #2 yeah yes well he was hanged # Interviewer: And if he did it to- if a man did it to himself #1 you'd say # 596: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: he did what himself 596: Well you'd say a- a murder he he he committed suicide Interviewer: yeah but he- would you say he hanged himself 596: well hanged himself yes. yeah Interviewer: or hung himself? 596: well he hung himself or hanged himself either one and we- either one that'd do Interviewer: okay uh talking about um on Sunday morning you go to on Sunday morning #1 Sometime # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: People go to 596: I'd go to Sunday School Church Interviewer: #1 Alright # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: If someone becomes a member of the church they'd say they did what? 596: #1 ch- # Interviewer: #2 They- # 596: he join the church yes ma'am Interviewer: Alright in church you pray to 596: pray to the Lord Interviewer: or G 596: you'd pray to God yes ma'am Interviewer: and if you're not serving God who are you serving 596: You serving the devil and serving his heart. Interviewer: Alright {NS} uh in church the preacher preaches a 596: Sermon he yes ma'am preaches them. Ought to preach a a message Interviewer: Alright and there- in some churches they have a choir and an organ {X} 596: Yes ma'am Interviewer: #1 and they # 596: #2 that's right # Interviewer: provide the what? 596: music Interviewer: right. If you had a flat tire on the way to church 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You might say ah church is gonna be over 596: Gonna be late I'm gonna be late for church {X}. Interviewer: It's gonna be over what 596: Over that's what church'll be over before I get there Interviewer: Alright 596: {X} get there before they say the benediction Interviewer: Is there any joking way that people refer to the devil? 596: Yes in all kind of Interviewer: #1 what do they call him? # 596: #2 ways # Well they call him call him Devil that why they call him boogeyman Interviewer: Ah 596: tell little children that the boogeyman gonna get you and all like that and call him Satan And they always call him all kinda names you know mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright what ab- People sometime think they see them at night around a graveyard 596: Well I dare say I seen a gh- gh- ghost or something like a bat or something like that. Interviewer: Alright and a house where these thing's might l- 596: Yeah call that Haunted Interviewer: Uh-huh 596: They called haunted house Interviewer: Do you ever call a ghost haunts? or haunts? 596: Yes ma'am but they call a ghost I guess so #1 I mean but # Interviewer: #2 I mean did # People ever use that term back in the old days? 596: Yes ma'am he did he did they'd say a spirit that what they say. Interviewer: A spirit? 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: {C: laughter} 596: he wouldn't say a spirit be a spirit {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: a spirit {C: pronunciation} #1 That's interesting # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright if a man owns a five hundred let's say five hundred acres of land 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And somebody says how much land does that man own? You didn't know it was five hundred acres #1 Exactly # 596: #2 no, mm-hmm. # Interviewer: and you just wanted to tell him that it was a good bit you might say well he owns a what of land? he owns a 596: yeah he's got maybe five hundred acres or more #1 um something like that # Interviewer: #2 if you didn't # Know though that he owned five hundred acres you'd want to illu- you know tell the person 596: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 that he owned a # You know some land 596: yeah Interviewer: and that it was uh good bit of land 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: you might say well he owns a what of land a right 596: well uh uh well you see he owns a whole I don't know how you would call it Interviewer: Okay I- I- what I'm trying to g- find out if you say is right smart 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Does he own a right smart of land? 596: Yes ma'am right smart that's right he own a right smart of land don't know how much it is exactly but you own a right smart of land Interviewer: You'd be likely to say that? 596: yes. #1 More than I like # Interviewer: #2 would you say # 596: yeah Interviewer: I'm exploring how we use that would you say he was in a right smart pain? 596: In a right smart what? Interviewer: Right smart pain? 596: No ma'am well yes actually something like that yeah I'd say he's in right smart in a right smart or so and so Interviewer: I'm talking about pain but talking about pain 596: Yeah Interviewer: And I'm trying to find out i- under what in what ways we'd use right smart. 596: now Interviewer: a man you know who's suffering would you say well he's a right smart of pain? 596: Well uh no ma'am I'd say he's in right smart misery Interviewer: misery? #1 Okay # 596: #2 yeah yeah # How he's in the right smart of misery. Interviewer: alright would you say he has a right smart of money? 596: Yes ma'am I say it like that Interviewer: He has had a right smart of trouble? 596: Yes ma'am that's right {X} say it like that. Interviewer: He's had a right smart of good luck? 596: Well h- well he has been well I could say it like that Interviewer: #1 you could # 596: #2 you see yes # Interviewer: #1 alright # 596: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: what about- would you say he's had a right smart of bad luck? 596: well yes ma'am I could #1 say it like that. # Interviewer: #2 And one more # thing would you ever say it's rained a right smart here? 596: yes ma'am that's right I say it like that. {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} {NS} Uh when you meet someone o- on the street you know that you know well 596: yeah Interviewer: friend how do you great them? 596: Well uh if I meet 'em I know or I maybe I walk up and shake hands with 'em and something like that. and I'd speak to 'em well I'm tell 'em I'm glad to see 'em or something like that uh or I wasn't expecting to see you or something like that. Interviewer: Would you say anything like how you doing or how you getting along? 596: that's right yeah Interviewer: What would you be saying? What would- 596: Well I- would I be mean all the time Interviewer: {NW} 596: Yeah how you getting along how you feeling today or something like that or just you know let 'em know that I'm appreciating it. yeah Interviewer: When you're introduced to- to a stranger what would you say? 596: well if I'm {X} I walk up and tell them {NS} this is like so and so Interviewer: someone says this is mister {B} 596: #1 Ya that's right # Interviewer: #2 and you say what to the other person? # 596: Well they a a I a Interviewer: they tell you this is mister smith 596: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Then what do you say/ # 596: I say well I'm glad to shake your hand mr smith or something like that Interviewer: okay um {NS} December the twenty fifth what do you say to people? 596: Well this is Christmas Interviewer: Uh-huh and what do you say? how do- what do you you wish 'em? 596: Well I wish 'em a- a Christmas and a Christmas gift and tell 'em both of 'em I say {X} put that to the hymn you know. Interviewer: uh-huh 596: Christmas Christmas gift Interviewer: and he has to what 596: yeah he- well you had {X} he something maybe, maybe he tell you about well you you have to wait {D: till I} get to Christmas or something like that you know. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Are they supposed to give you gift when you say- 596: well they- they don't want to you just tell 'em Interviewer: #1 Well I mean # 596: #2 that # Interviewer: back in the old 596: Yes ma'am in the old days probably they Interviewer: #1 might use something # 596: #2 Was that the- # But {X} let you know {X} thinking about Christmas time. Interviewer: I'd say. Do you ever wish um a merry #1 Christmas? # 596: #2 Oh yeah. # that's right wish you a merry Christmas. Interviewer: alright um what do you say on the first of January? 596: we- well I the new year. Interviewer: Uh-huh What do you wish people? 596: well I wish you happy new year. Interviewer: Is there anything um {X} if theres anything- is there any um superstitions you know you eat something special on new years day or 596: that's what they say yeah Interviewer: do you? 596: No ma'am I don't think nothing about it {X} sure we have something to boil that day {X} black eyed peas and all like that that day so you have a you would maybe be lucky all the year to have vegetables and meat and all like that. Interviewer: ah. 596: but people you know an it is {X} Interviewer: Alright If you um have to go buy some things you say I have to go downtown to do some 596: shopping Interviewer: did they used to say something else? 596: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 Like trading? # 596: trading yes ma'am Interviewer: alright If you were gonna get groceries what do you say I'm going downtown to do what 596: make groceries hear 'em say now Interviewer: yeah now that's interesting I- I just ran across that 596: Well make groceries. Interviewer: that means to buy them? 596: Gonna buy 'em but talking about he's gonna make groceries or buy groceries what he gonna do. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 And if you # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if you ma- if you buy something the store keeper will take a piece of paper he took a piece of paper and he what? 596: well he wrapped it. Interviewer: and when you got home you 596: you unwrapped it. yeah Interviewer: if you have to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say You had to sell it what? 596: Well I had to sell it below cost. Interviewer: Alright if you like something real much #1 that you see in turn # 596: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 you'd like to buy it but you don't have the money you said oh it what to much it co- # 596: #2 mm that's right mm # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: It what too much? 596: Yeah it is- is cost too much you'd say it cost too much. Interviewer: Alright and on the first of the month the bi- all your bills come 596: come due. Interviewer: and if you belong to a club you have to pay the 596: {D: you have to} pay the club for it. Wi- Interviewer: Alright you have to pay the club what dues? 596: Club dues thats right. Interviewer: you don't have enough money you have to go to the bank 596: #1 yeah and # Interviewer: #2 and # 596: borrow some. Interviewer: But it might be hard to get because money is really 596: that's right Interviewer: really what? 596: hard to get and money is something hard to get and sometime if you {X} if you can't get it yourself you gotta get somebody to identify you or something like that. Interviewer: okay, if something if something like that is hard to find you might say that it's really sca- 596: They are scarce. yes Interviewer: Alright, talking about children playing in the water 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: you'd say um the boy ran down to the board and he what in? 596: Ya he dive off well now dived off of there and we say dive off {X} Interviewer: okay 596: uh-huh Interviewer: and lots of boys have what off that board 596: {X} dived off that board Interviewer: #1 alright # 596: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: uh if you dive in and hit the water flat or on your stomach you call that a 596: um uh I don't know what it called we call it a flat dive Interviewer: #1 a flat dive? # 596: #2 is when # yeah Interviewer: alright um the boys wanted to get acro- well the boy wanted to get across the river so he dived in and he what? 596: swimmed on across. Interviewer: Alright and the children sure like to in that creek sure like to 596: play in that creek Interviewer: or swim 596: or swim in that creek. Interviewer: alright and I have what there myself I have 596: swim in that creek. Interviewer: #1 alright # 596: #2 {X} # Interviewer: if a child puts it's head down on the ground and picks up his feet and goes over you'd say he turned a what? 596: turned a somersault. Interviewer: #1 alright # 596: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: When you buy something or you pay your bill sometimes a store keeper will give a little present and he'll say it's for 596: Mm yeah that's for appreciation Interviewer: yeah but there's something else lan- 596: uh lagniappe Interviewer: Aha 596: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 596: {NW} Interviewer: Do you still use that term much? 596: yes ma'am lagniappe Interviewer: #1 what di- what does lagniappe mean? # 596: #2 {X} # well I don't lagniappe I don't know it is that just old something or other Interviewer: do people ever give you lagniappe? 596: no no we don't get no lagniappe now no lagniappe giving now. Interviewer: #1 I see # 596: #2 Well you just # pay for- you- you- you pay for it now that's all I know. Interviewer: I see. 596: no lagniappe now. Interviewer: What does a baby do before he's able to walk? 596: well he crawls some of 'em do. Interviewer: alright. If a man wants to hide behind a low hedge he's got to what? 596: well he's got to get down behind. Interviewer: yeah what's the- what do you say he's doing down? He's what? 596: he's squatting down. Interviewer: alright or you ever say scrooch down #1 or hunker? # 596: #2 Well # scooch down or something he's down there some way Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: okay and if a child a game that you play with children {NS} if you'll get down behind a chair and then you'll hop up and #1 look at him you know you say he's # 596: #2 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: playing what? 596: It's peep eye. Interviewer: #1 peep eye? # 596: #2 Ya # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: okay um if i- when he jumps out what does he say? 596: #1 well you jump out # Interviewer: #2 well what do you # say 596: why we jump out he'll laugh at me {X} you know and when you playing peep eye {X} you gonna do everything in between trying like that. Interviewer: Do you- does one of you say peep eye or boo or anything? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Which one- who 596: #1 One of you jump out and you say say # Interviewer: #2 which one says- # 596: boo like that. Ya. Interviewer: he says it- he jumps out and says boo? 596: yeah maybe I'll tell the little child that Interviewer: #1 okay # 596: #2 like that # Interviewer: either one. 596: {X} Interviewer: which one says peep eye? 596: Mm-hmm. well m- uh maybe the little child maybe maybe I be saying to the little child I say peep eye peep eye is what I say or boo like that. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: did your children ever play that? 596: oh yeah that's right. Interviewer: my little boy's doing that now and I heard myself the other night saying peep eye 596: {X} Ya. Interviewer: Uh talking about someone swimming again someone who got in the water and couldn't swim you'd say he what? 596: He drowned if you don't- if you won't get him out if he can't #1 swim. # Interviewer: #2 and that's # what I meant. I wasn't there I didn't see him- 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: didn't see him what? Dro- 596: D- I didn't see him drown. Interviewer: okay. do you ever say that he got drowneded or was 596: #1 drowneded? # Interviewer: #2 well you see # 596: yeah they see {X} got drowned you hear 'em say {X} got drownded. Interviewer: okay. 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: um you saw something up a tree and you wanted to take a closer look at it so you went over the tree and, what? 596: {X} peeped around Interviewer: Or we're talking about going up {X}. 596: Oh I climbed up the tree. Interviewer: alright, and that would be a very hard mountain to 596: to climb. Interviewer: alright and I have never what a tree in my life? I have never 596: climbed a tree Interviewer: alright now what about um I know what uh- still we use the old form of it it's clumb 596: Yeah clumb that's right clumb a tree I never clumb that tree. {X} I never did clumb a tree like this that's right. {X} word like that. Interviewer: alright {NS} uh at some churches you get down on your knees to pray 596: That's right Interviewer: you say the woman walked in the church and what to pray? she 596: bowed to #1 pray # Interviewer: #2 talking about # getting on her knees. 596: well they uh she got down {X} well you see she's going to church well you see she got down and bowed down on her knees we say #1 that or- # Interviewer: #2 or she # kne- 596: she kneeled down? Interviewer: alright fine if you're tired you'd say I think I'll go over the couch and 596: and rest right and- and relax Interviewer: Or l- 596: uh lay down {X} Interviewer: alright all he- he really didn't feel good all morning he just 596: He just drug around. Interviewer: talking about staying in bed the- all morning he 596: yeah he just lied around all the morning Interviewer: would you say he lied in bed or- 596: well he just he just he layed arou- we'd say he just laid around in all the morning. Interviewer: Fine. talking about something that you saw in your sleep, 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you would say let me tell you what I 596: What I dream Interviewer: Aha. 596: let me tell you what I dream Interviewer: often when I go to sleep I 596: I dream something. Interviewer: but I can't always remember 596: #1 no what I # Interviewer: #2 remember what I # 596: what I dream Interviewer: alright or what I've 596: what I seen in my dreams Interviewer: what I have 596: dream dreamt about dreamed about we we said dreamt about. Interviewer: yeah I was just wondering which- if- if dreamt you know is kind of like clung 596: yes kinda like past tense Interviewer: it's there in use right and wondered if you still 596: #1 Yes ma'am. # Interviewer: #2 used it # um if a man meets a girl at a dance or a party and wants to go home with her he says to her may I 596: May I go home with you or something Interviewer: Or if they're walking? 596: May I walk with you? Ya. Interviewer: If he has a buggy? what- 596: may I may I ride with you? Interviewer: alright w- 596: or you ride with me. Interviewer: okay will do you ever say carry you home? 596: oh that's right carry her I say Interviewer: Would that mean that he had something to 596: #1 to take- yes ma'am # Interviewer: #2 put her in? # 596: that's right that's right Interviewer: {NW} okay um when you go in a door in a bank you use or some public #1 building usually have # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer: two doors 596: that's right Interviewer: two little signs 596: that's right Interviewer: one says to open this door you gotta 596: push one of them push or other pull Interviewer: right 596: that's right one way or the other. Interviewer: right um if you needed a knife from the kitchen you'd say to mrs {B} go what me the knife? 596: you go and get me the knife. Interviewer: #1 Alright # 596: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh in playing did you ever play hide n' seek as a child? 596: #1 yes ma'am yeah I used to # Interviewer: #2 what was the place # that you ran back to? 596: uh maybe playing with them outdoors somewhere maybe I'd run behind some places or like that. Interviewer: what's the place you run back and touch though to be safe? 596: I don't believe I {X} Interviewer: okay what other out door games did you play when you were a child like that? running around outside? 596: I don't know all I would do anything {X}. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay Um if some children come into your house and they're not very well behaved maybe they start playing with some things that you're afraid they're gonna #1 break? You might # 596: #2 Ya that's right # Interviewer: say to um don't you 596: uh-uh don't you break that put that down don't break that uh-uh. put it down. Interviewer: {NW} okay you throw a ball and you ask somebody to? 596: yeah Interviewer: to what it? 596: yeah to catch it. Interviewer: alright I threw the ball and he 596: #1 He # Interviewer: #2 what? # 596: caught it. Interviewer: and I've been fishing for trout but I haven't 596: I haven't caught any Interviewer: #1 Alright if someone # 596: #2 haven't caught a one. # Interviewer: says um I uh uh oh if someone says for you let's go to town you know when you're getting ready they'll say well there's no need for you to hurry I'll 596: Mm I- I'll carry Interviewer: I'll wait- 596: I'll wait. yeah {X} I'll wait. Interviewer: okay would you say I'll wait 596: I'll wait for ya. Interviewer: Alright. If a child has been yelled at or he's about to get a spanking he might say that to his mother oh mama give me another 596: Mm-hmm give me another chance. Interviewer: Aha 596: yeah Give me another chance. Interviewer: If somebody has a smile on his face and a good word for everybody 596: #1 go out there # Interviewer: #2 you'd say # well this morning he seems to be in a good 596: good humor. yeah Interviewer: if you have some um {NS} some bugs or something and you have to call somebody you know to spray for 'em 596: #1 yeah um-hum # Interviewer: #2 um or something # you'd say he's going to do what to those bugs #1 he's gonna # 596: #2 well # H- He's gonna spray 'em or he gonna t- uh Interviewer: he's gonna get what of 'em 596: he gonna get rid of 'em Interviewer: okay 596: gonna go get rid of 'em Interviewer: #1 {X} # 596: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: um talking about I know if your children are around town they you know you can't always call 'em 596: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 sometimes # you have to send a letter 596: yeah Interviewer: and you'll say I have just what him a letter 596: I just mailed him a letter Interviewer: or wro- 596: I wro- I wrote him a letter or something like that Interviewer: alright talking about the writing 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: you'd say yesterday he what me a letter 596: #1 yeah he wrote it he wrote me a letter # Interviewer: #2 yesterday # 596: he wrote me a letter. Interviewer: and tomorrow I'll 596: I'll get it Interviewer: I'll what to him 596: I'll mail it uh Interviewer: I'll 596: I'll mail it one back to him Interviewer: or I'll wr- 596: I'll write him one Interviewer: Ha-ha. 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: okay uh and now that that um now that he's got my letter I expect to get an- 596: another one Interviewer: or an a 596: an answer yeah friend Interviewer: alright and once you get the letter ready you'd put it in the envelope 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: then you take your pen and what do you wri- what do you do on 596: You back it Interviewer: #1 alright and once your writing # 596: #2 back it down # Interviewer: on the letter on is 596: that's your address. Interviewer: #1 alright. # 596: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: is there anything you say other then back the letter? 596: Ma'am? Interviewer: is y- can you say something other than back the letter 596: uh well I don't know what you'd call it back the letter you would you would you would write the letter and you back it Interviewer: #1 okay that's fine # 596: #2 yeah # Interviewer: If a little boy has learned something new like how to whistle 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: and you didn't know he knew how to do that he might come in doing it and you could say well who do that 596: aw yeah yeah who yeah who learned you to I didn't know you could whistle. who learned you how to whistle? all that yeah Interviewer: If you wanna- to have some if you want a bouquet for the dinner table, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: you go out in the garden and you do what? 596: you pluck it. Interviewer: okay you pluck some what? 596: flowers. Interviewer: alright. something a child might play with 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: is a and not- and not- not any thing specific just something general. 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: a child might play with a 596: a child- something a child may play with/ Interviewer: uh-huh you give him something- say one of your grandchildren came and he had to have something you know he's messing around so you say here I'll give you 596: Give you- ya I'll give you one to play with I'll give you something here you something yeah right here {X} just to pacify them. Interviewer: did you ever say play pretty? 596: Yes play pretty that's right I'll give you a play pretty that's #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 Aha. # 596: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh what would a play pretty be what would 596: #1 well there must be something other than that # Interviewer: #2 is it necessarily # a toy? 596: no ma'am it wouldn't be a toy just something where you imagine that child would love to play with. Interviewer: something you own. 596: yes ma'am and since you give it to him {X} maybe a child and maybe you take that and- but it it ain't like the one that the other one has what he want where he's trying to take from that other one Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 596: #2 and you'll take it sometimes # Interviewer: #1 sometimes # 596: #2 yeah # Sometime, sometime there he throw it down Interviewer: {NW} I can tell you had some children around. 596: {NW} Interviewer: Um in a play pretty- would it be something small? 596: #1 yeah something like we- something # Interviewer: #2 pretty small that you can play with? # 596: we could play with in the house {X} Interviewer: I see 596: That's right Interviewer: Okay would it- um would you give- um say I give a play pretty to a older child? 596: no Interviewer: #1 would it be a little- # 596: #2 would would would it'd be a little child. # Interviewer: #1 little child? # 596: #2 little child. # Interviewer: alright 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: um thinking about the word give 596: yeah Interviewer: you'd say that's the book you what me 596: what you give me. That the book that you give me. Interviewer: alright and I'll gi- what it back when I'm through 596: yeah when I through with it I'll give it back to you Interviewer: #1 alright # 596: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: and I'll be glad to do that because you have what me some many of 'em 596: yeah that's right Interviewer: you have what? 596: you have uh given me so many books I'll give them back to you. Interviewer: I'm glad I carried my umbrella 596: #1 we call it- # Interviewer: #2 we hadn't gone # half a block when it 596: it began to rain. Interviewer: Alright do you ever use commence? 596: rain or sunshine or Interviewer: #1 You ever use commence # 596: #2 {X} # Interviewer: to rain? 596: yes commence to rain {X} well I I oh- didn't go half a black before it it started raining what I'd say Interviewer: #1 is that what you'd say? # 596: #2 yeah # #1 before it # Interviewer: #2 okay # 596: started raining. Interviewer: Uh think about the word begin 596: #1 yeah that's right # Interviewer: #2 though # you would say what time does the show 596: begin. Interviewer: alright and the usher might tell you well it must have ten minutes ago 596: yeah Interviewer: it must of b- 596: yeah it must have been ten minutes ago sense it start. Interviewer: um why are you so out of breath well I was feeling so happy I what all the way home 596: #1 Mm-hmm I- # Interviewer: #2 I- # 596: I- I- well maybe I walked fast or I run all the way home or Interviewer: alright 596: or something like that. Interviewer: horses gallop thinking about the word run horses gallop but people 596: um Interviewer: ru- 596: they run. Interviewer: alright and those men have what a mile every morning 596: yes ma'am they have run a mile every morning {X} or say walk a mile. Interviewer: alright uh if you don't know when a man was born you might ask where does he 596: yeah were was he born there where do you- where does he live at? where was he raised or #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 okay and # thinking about from where did he 596: Where'd he come from Interviewer: Aha 596: Yeah Interviewer: and somebody said well he what in on the train last- 596: yeah he come in on the train last night that seems to be time of night. Interviewer: he has to our town every month 596: #1 yes ma'am # Interviewer: #2 he has # 596: He- he have come to our town every month been to our town every month or something like that Interviewer: alright 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh you can't get through that road cause the highway {X} got the road all 596: All blocked Interviewer: or to- 596: or torn up or something. Interviewer: aha 596: that's right. Interviewer: if you give somebody a bracelet you say to her here take it in there and what pu- 596: and put it here. Interviewer: or put it o- 596: put it on or put it away or something. Interviewer: alright. thinking about the word see 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: like with your eyes you say um I what her outside a while ago I 596: I seen so and so out there awhile ago Interviewer: And I hope to you again soon 596: I hope to see you again soon yeah Interviewer: we've what so little of you 596: yeah we talk so much of you Interviewer: or we talking about see we've what so little of you this year we've se- 596: mm get you there Interviewer: using the word see 596: y- yeah Interviewer: You'd say we've 596: we have seen yeah we've seen you th- here I'm glad to see you w- uh w- well we ain't been seen you the I say it like that Interviewer: okay 596: we haven't been seeing you so often this year Interviewer: alright fine uh thinking about the word do 596: yeah Interviewer: do my sister yesterday my sister met yesterday 596: Mm-hmm. uh do? Interviewer: uh-huh my sister what that yesterday? 596: my sister done that yesterday. Interviewer: alright uh and if you might- watching somebody you might say can you that? 596: you'd say can you do that? Interviewer: Alright and you say sure I well sure I 596: sure I can sure I can do it I can do it. Interviewer: or sure I that all my life. 596: yeah I've done that all my life. mm-hmm mm-hmm Interviewer: um and I came here to what you questions? to 596: to ask you questions. Interviewer: alright so I have 596: have asked you now I- now I- why you got that worry Interviewer: #1 is there # 596: #2 and talk # Like that now? neither worried now I notice I notice them Interviewer: is that Mrs.{B} 596: I notice the most cause I {X} I notice some more stuff about preachers nowadays they don't say ask ask they says axe all them says axe Interviewer: #1 is that right? # 596: #2 yes ma'am. # Where now- why- wh- where they take that at where they get that at? Interviewer: um I don't know it may be that ask is a little hard to say. 596: well hid- anybody could've say ask e- ask- ask you know. but what they wanna say axe for? Interviewer: I don't know 596: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 But you- I've # noticed that too. I think It's kinda- well of course you know if- if one person finds it hard to say then I guess everybody start saying it 596: #1 well I used to have they you you you just used to have it just a habit. # Interviewer: #2 the way they say it you know it probably is # 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 596: well it did say- well anybody oughta say ask in- in- instead of saying axe. Interviewer: Yeah I do hear that though my students say it a lot 596: Well I just don't know- I don't know where they #1 get that # Interviewer: #2 does your preacher say that? # 596: yes ma'am a lot of them say it. Yeah they say it more than I say {X} hear the other one's say it. Interviewer: well that's probably true and if I'm at- wouldn't you imagine that some people would hear a preacher say it and kinda think maybe well you know he knows what he's saying maybe I'll say what he said? 596: well probably so. Interviewer: You think that's possible? 596: Yes that's right Interviewer: I know what you mean though I- I- 596: But I- I d- I- I d- I just don't I don't s- what'd make you do that? I don't know. Interviewer: well when you say ask I- I noticed you don't say axe. 596: No ma'am I don't say axe. Axe what you {X}. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Try telling that to your preacher though. {NW} Uh thinking about the word fight 596: yeah Interviewer: you'd say every time those boys got together they 596: they fought. Interviewer: alright and they sure do like to 596: like to fight. Interviewer: they have ever since they were little 596: yeah they have fight every time they meet up they got to fight. Interviewer: alright 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: they have what? 596: fought Interviewer: they have fought ever since they were little? 596: yes ma'am Interviewer: Did you ever hear the old people say they fit 596: yes they fit oh that old folk yeah they fit {X} yeah they sure use that word {X} they know no better Interviewer: #1 well # 596: #2 see they'd had # Interviewer: you know not really because that was or- that was the original 596: #1 that's right that's right. # Interviewer: #2 word. # and now it's changed you know 596: yes ma'am. Interviewer: that's not the word people are using anymore. he did what to the hog with a big knife? 596: well he stabbed it. Interviewer: alright and was there a name for those big knives/ 596: butcher knives. Interviewer: alright any other names for big knives? 596: {D: oh oh you call 'em brewery knives} Interviewer: what now h-? 596: {D: brewery} {D: brewery knives.} Interviewer: ah 596: now the old folks call 'em brewery knives Interviewer: same thing 596: #1 yes ma'am as a # Interviewer: #2 as a- # 596: butcher knife call it the brewery knife. Interviewer: how about that? 596: that's right. Interviewer: uh he stabbed the hog and then he what out with the blade? he 596: yeah he he stabbed the hog and- and- and he- and in its head Interviewer: he 596: and pull it Interviewer: the blade pulled 596: oh oh yeah yeah yeah he stabbed the hog why then he {X} all together you know. Interviewer: yeah 596: and he stabbed and while that's bleeding him. That's to let the blood out Interviewer: and talking about getting the knife out you'd say he what out the knife 596: he pulled the knife out. Interviewer: alright 596: pulled the knife out. Interviewer: and if you were going to lift something very heavy like maybe a piece of machine you'd use a pulley and some ropes to what it up? 596: or uh to pull it up with it Interviewer: or ha 596: and hoist it Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 596: #2 yes ma'am # to hoist it up with Interviewer: #1 alright # 596: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: and um let's see I'm down to the very last couple of questions now believe it or not uh if if something is two times as good as something else you'd say it's what as good? 596: twice as good. Interviewer: Alright. now would you say just for pronunciation again would you say the days of the week for me? 596: days of the week? Interviewer: uh-huh 596: well I start at Sunday Interviewer: okay 596: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: alright do you ever hear any people use sabbath anymore? 596: yes ma'am I use Interviewer: #1 which day would be the sabbath? # 596: #2 sabbath # well sabbath the day well any day that you set apart for the Lord {X} pick what day it is in the week but we use we u- we use Sunday for sabbath day. Interviewer: I see so it refers to 596: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 you're # you're setting aside that 596: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 for the- # 596: yep Interviewer: for God. 596: yes that's right. Interviewer: alright then would you give me the months of the year? 596: yes ma'am. January February March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: alright if you had ten men in a line 596: mm-hmm Interviewer: the last man would be which man the 596: he'd be- be the tenth man Interviewer: alright and the next in front of him would be which man- the 596: um behind him? Interviewer: going 596: downwards backwards? Interviewer: toward the front of the line. 596: ninth. Interviewer: and then the 596: eighth Interviewer: and then the 596: seventh sixth Interviewer: the seventh or the seventh man? 596: seventh Interviewer: #1 is that what you said- I didn't understand # 596: #2 I said seventh. Yes. Yes ma'am I said seventh. # Interviewer: I didn't hear you. #1 I'm getting a little deaf over # 596: #2 yes # Interviewer: I think I've got good ears but I'm not sure. I'm not sure. 596: why you wh- wha- wh- uh w- {X} come back with it now. Interviewer: #1 right # 596: #2 like we went forward. # yeah. Interviewer: no we're at the seventh 596: mm yeah Interviewer: then who's in front of him? 596: sixth five Interviewer: uh the 596: uh seven? Interviewer: yeah the seventh- you'd say the seventh man then you got the for five you'd say the which man? 596: yes ma'am. Interviewer: he was the- if he was number five he'd be the which man 596: he he he he'd be the fifth Interviewer: #1 aha # 596: #2 man # yes ma'am fifth man. Interviewer: alright the- with the number four would be 596: would be the fourth man Interviewer: #1 aha and # 596: #2 and the # three be the third man and two be the second man and one be the first man. Interviewer: Yeah. My little boy says the tooth 596: {NW} Interviewer: for the second one you know and I get {X} and you know we picked that up and we say it in our family Auxillary: {X} Interviewer: Ya I have run across that wh- that's why I wanted to make sure #1 what you were saying # 596: #2 that's right. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Alright. Would you count from one to fourteen for me? 596: Ya one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen. Interviewer: alright and the number after nineteen is? 596: twenty. Interviewer: number after twenty-six is? 596: twenty-seven. Interviewer: the number after twenty-nine? 596: thirty. Interviewer: the number after thirty-nine? 596: forty. Interviewer: the number after sixty-nine? 596: sixty nine you said? Interviewer: mm-hmm. 596: seventy. Interviewer: the number after ninety-nine? 596: one hundred. Interviewer: alright and then another big number a thou- 596: one thousand. Interviewer: and then another big number another mi- 596: Million? Interviewer: alright that's it. 596: that it? Interviewer: that's it. feel like you been through the mill don't you? 596: Well I expect you asked me a million questions. Interviewer: #1 That's right I did indeed # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 you know how many # 596: #2 no I didn't m- no it wasn't no million # Interviewer: #1 you know how many # 596: #2 questions I had- # Interviewer: there are? eight hundred. 596: eight hundred. Interviewer: would you believe you've answered when I- some of them I got in conversation you know you were talking to me about various things. And I picked up as we went- I didn't really ask you that many questions but you gave me about eight hundred answers. 596: Why now how- what percentage did I give you of the answers you asked me about? Interviewer: #1 um # 596: #2 {X}? # Interviewer: #1 very few that # 596: #2 you # just like you were asking me a hundred questions what percentage did I give you? i- in answers what did I give? fifty of 'em or Interviewer: when I- actually you answered them all. 596: Wow. Interviewer: I wanted to ask you about this um If I- if y- did you teach your children to say yes ma'am and no ma'am? 596: #1 yes sure did. # Interviewer: #2 and yes sir and no sir? # Alright to whom did you tell them to say yes ma'am and no 596: I tell 'em to older people or any grown- grown ups Interviewer: #1 any one older than they were # 596: #2 grown ups. yes # {X} grown ups. I taught 'em- teach 'em to say yes ma'am and I don't care if it's white or black. yeah yes ma'am and yes sir. Interviewer: Alright oh I noticed you said yes ma'am to me once 596: #1 yes ma'am # Interviewer: #2 and that's just a way # of showing respect for another person? 596: right that's right I do that. Cause I know- I know I'm older than you. Interviewer: #1 right # 596: #2 But I # I- I gotta- I gotta right to respect you. Interviewer: right it's not because I'm white 596: no no ma'am that's just naturally feel called I got that right to do so. Interviewer: #1 well this is a something # 596: #2 when you stand for something # Interviewer: #1 well # 596: #2 that's right you said # Interviewer: this is the way I was brought up but I wanted- that was one of the questions I- You know was optional when I 596: yeah Interviewer: I intend to ask about it as I went along but I wondered if that was as I was brought up you said that yes ma'am and no ma'am- anytime you wanted to indicate that you respected someone you especially said it to people older than you were. 596: that's right especially. Interviewer: especially 596: yes ma'am that's right then I- I will um on anyone who still I will I r- I r- I mean to say I respect anybody who respect themselves. I sure will. now I- we- I told my children say yes ma'am and yes sir to people, but now in this day and time they got {D: yeah} Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 596: #2 no # and all like that. well that don't sound too good to people like that. no to me. Interviewer: no I it 596: #1 It don't seem if you know that way it has to ensure respect. # Interviewer: #2 and maybe they don't mean anything by it but # 596: seem like that or something like that. Interviewer: yeah I like yes ma'am and no ma'am and no sir and yes sir. 596: Uh now and they can talk to one another and call 'em by their name just a yes and no one another but when they come you know {X}. why they don't hurt {X} but still I don't just talk that way Interviewer: you know the funniest thing is I found myself saying it to my husband you know he'll ask me something and I'll say yes sir 596: yeah Interviewer: and then I think it sounds a little funny. 596: yeah Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 596: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: would you say yes ma'am to your wife ever? 596: may- Interviewer: would you ever say yes ma'am to your wife? 596: no we don't now we just don't- no we don't say yes ma'am we just say no or yes to one another cause we- we know when the- Interviewer: fifty five years I guess 596: aw shoot that's right {NW} {NW} Interviewer: oh my well I sure do appreciate you're taking up my- this time with me and uh I would like very much to see you again somehow I certainly hope that day comes. 596: yeah if you {X} write or something we- we- we gonna have to get you know Interviewer: Well I'd love to I like to come back to Mississippi and just see people again that I talked to because with this much talking you almost get to be a member of the family. {NS} 596: Now I know Winter time we- like what we said we we have the time here we put on {X} Interviewer: oh yes 596: Ya. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # And in fact th- th- the best time that you get me back here would be when you make {X}. 596: yes and where I- we make some when we killed hog and we make sausage here Auxillary: thick sausage and honey 596: oh yeah and just have just people here come here looking for sausages like you gonna {X}. Interviewer: #1 is that right? # 596: #2 that's right. # {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} oh I like that # 596: #2 {NW} # Auxillary: I've been wanting to eat this #1 {D: uh you're the one that likes to eat} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Well I better get on the road and get packed so I can get off early in the morning. 596: I see. Interviewer: You know the water the water is still standing out here. it sure seems to. {NS} I'm sure I will I'm sure I will. Interviewer: {B} Your name? 604: {NS} age? {NS} and your address? {NS} and name of this community? Greenville Interviewer: How you said its its longer to 604: {X} Interviewer: isn't this closer to Baxterville? 604: They don't have post office there anymore. Interviewer: I see so okay. Greenville's not on my map. 604: Well that's this is just a Greenville community we used to have a big school up here {NS} and a church {X} people just lives around you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and that that was Greenville school and Greenville church Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and so this is Greenville community. Interviewer: About how how far away is it from {NS} from the other cities here? 604: Well it it's uh fourteen miles to Purvis it's sixteen miles to Columbia it's seven miles to Baxterville and it's about twelve miles to Sumrall. That's all the way around. Interviewer: {NS} That's pretty much right in the 604: uh-huh yeah on the Purvis and Columbia road this is a little cutoff through here to Baxterville Interviewer: This road goes to Baxter- #1 ville # 604: #2 uh-huh # uh-huh goes right into Baxter Interviewer: I was wondering about that #1 I got lost # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: The only way I knew how to get back out was {X} and Purvis 604: mm-hmm. Well when this hit this road right up there you go into Purvis. Interviewer: {X} this road here 604: Leads to Baxterville you know it hits thirteen about two miles outside Baxterville. Interviewer: mm-hmm I see Where do you go in to do your shopping? 604: at Purvis Interviewer: that's uh 604: That's for groceries now when I go to buy other material I used to go to {X} Columbia. Interviewer: So Baxterville is is just a a little commun- 604: yeah just like Greenville. Interviewer: I see. um Where were you born? 604: Well I was born here in {X} county. Interviewer: mm-hmm Where? 604: It's about four miles up here in the Bay Creek community Interviewer: Bay Creek community? 604: Uh-uh Interviewer: About four miles toward going toward 604: #1 Perks # Interviewer: #2 Perks # Is this where you've lived all your life? 604: mm-hmm Yeah Interviewer: When did you move out here? 604: Um well I married when I was nineteen Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: And um moved right {NS} on this same farm Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: right down there and then we bought this place up here and lived here for um about fifty-two years Interviewer: That's a long #1 time # 604: #2 been # been living here Interviewer: and you just built this new house 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: recently Uh how is old did you say you were? 604: um uh seventy-eight last April second Interviewer: And tell me about um the work that that you've done. 604: Oh {NW} Well I've worked on the farm most of my life but I've worked eleven years in factories. Interviewer: Oh really? 604: uh-huh I've worked five years at Columbia and I worked seven years in uh {D: Gulfport} Interviewer: In what? 604: {D:Gulfport). Interviewer: Oh so you lived down there? 604: No I've just well I come home every weekend Interviewer: Oh I see 604: done my week's chores {NW} {X} ya know cleaned up clothes and {NS} washed and ironed and things like that checked on the children this year in school Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Their grandparents live with us so I could go {X} my husband is here too. Interviewer: mm-hmm Gulfport's pretty far away isn't it? 604: It's about eighty mile. Interviewer: So so when you were working at Columbia that {D:wasn't} any problems you could just 604: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Um And then what what else did you do besides the factory? 604: It's all I ever done away from home except I'm a member of the welfare board and I've been on that now about twenty-eight years Interviewer: What do you do on the welfare board? 604: Well well we um hear the complaints of the people {NS} needs welfare Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then we pay {X} Interviewer: Also you 604: whether it'll be ya know whether we think it's right well we put it down when we know it's right Interviewer: so 604: help 'em out Interviewer: oh I see Um Then you you mentioned that you did some teaching or 604: Well just ya know when a teacher'd be sick or out for a funerals and things like that maybe be gone for a week or so well I'd teach ya know in their place. Interviewer: What church do you go to? 604: Greenville Interviewer: Greenville 604: Baptist Interviewer: The one right 604: #1 right up there # Interviewer: #2 up there # 604: mm-hmm not quite a mile Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And um tell me about um your education what's if you remember the name of the school you went to and how far you got 604: Well it was Greenville school Interviewer: mm-mm 604: and I just got me I mean I just finished eighth Interviewer: mm-hmm Was that as far as that school went? 604: Yeah Interviewer: Wha- what was the school like? was it a 604: It it was a {NW} pretty nice school ya know when I first started to school I was little started to school well it was just a a church house and where I went to school in a church house for a few years {NW} then we built I mean they built a school house {NS} the community did so I went to school there {NS} Interviewer: Did you um did you go how many months did you go out of the year? 604: {NW} about six Interviewer: uh-huh Do you do much reading now or 604: Not too much {X} just papers {NS} Interviewer: What is that 604: {NW} I had to spend times {X} read the home life and that's a church paper ya know Interviewer: Tell me some about um well you mentioned you were on the welfare board Are you active in any other organizations? 604: No that's the only one. Interviewer: What about church are you very active in church? 604: No I just go {NW} they got so many young folks that can teach now so good ya know Interviewer: What um {NS} Tell me some about the the traveling that you've done 604: Traveling Interviewer: yeah 604: {NW} Well I've been in seven different states. Interviewer: Oh really? 604: uh-huh I've been in uh New Mexico and uh Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. {NW} Interviewer: That's pretty wide traveling. 604: When I was out in uh New Mexico went down {X} caves ya ever been {D:down} you oughta go sometimes that's wonderful oh I don't know if it's like it used to be or not but I've been through three times it's wonderful sight you go down down down I don't know how How far it is down don't remember but um when we's going down they stopped us ya know way down in {X} and turned out all the lights so we could see total darkness. and I'm telling you you felt like you could almost taste it it was so black {NW} it was {NW} so dark and then um we went on down and uh a piece above them they'd turned out the lights where we was and showed us a place back in there and called it uh New York City Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and it really looked like a city back there but of course they just had it fixed with lights and things and it it was beautiful then we went down on {NS} went around to all the {NS} scenery {NS} we first started after we got down they uh seated everybody on a rock they had seats made up on this rock and they seated us there and sung I mean they played the rock of ages that put a feeling on you you know you way down there you know see all these things and hear it too and but oh how I enjoyed it {NW} Interviewer: {X} 604: {NW} {NW} I have {NW} a daughter that lives in Abilene, Texas. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and so uh we went from her home that's out on {NS} {X} you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: high plains I call it so went out there and went down oh I said I would never go again you know you see the mountains up down there and people just are passing just flying by up there {D: and} oh I hope I don't have to go up that high {X} {X} oo I hope I don't have to go down that far {NW} {NW} oo It's it just really {X} I remember we was going down the {NS} steps and uh {X} caves and they was a bunch of boys there {D: they'll send sixty{ {X} and oh they was having the best time looked like and uh my daughter was with me she's my youngest one {NW} she says I want my Momma and it sounded like it went plum to the bottom of the {NW} and them boys just {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 604: #2 {NW} # Everybody just laughed we all had a lot of fun. {NW} just things like that {X} when I went down in Florida I went with uh-uh the Father's Day I went down in Florida. I been in Florida more than once {X} when I went with one of my nieces that lives in uh Houston, Texas. She's uh she hunts rocks Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh we went down on the coast line and for her to pick up rocks and I'm telling you I don't remember how far we did go {NW} but we went a way down. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: but uh {NS} then I've been two three times more and then I been in when I went over in Georgia My son was in service over there. Interviewer: Where was he stationed? 604: at um Macon Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and they called it camp Wheeler out at the camp Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: camp Wheeler I didn't go out to the camp I just went to Macon and he met me there. Spent a week with him. And he's supposed to leave then go overseas well when uh I come home. I he call me and told me he says well I'll be leaving tomorrow to go overseas and when um the next day he called me Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: just a little after nine and he said wouldn't go wouldn't go overseas I said well what's wrong? What happened? He said well I have developed asthma since I've been over here and he says uh They say I can't stand salt water So he says they carried me out yesterday afternoon {NS} I developed asthma and they brought me back. So he says I won't go overseas Well I was proud he wasn't going overseas but I was just so upset about him having asthma. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Oh my goodness that just worried me. But {NS} He's still going. {NW} He works at uh {X} {D: data.} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {D: outside} {X} for the American sand and graphite people. Interviewer: mm-hmm Tell me about your parents. Where was your mother born? 604: In {X} county in Mississippi. Interviewer: {X} 604: {X} Interviewer: Where where is that? 604: It's uh ya know where {X} Mississippi is? Interviewer: No 604: {NW} Well it's about a hundred and sixty miles north of here Interviewer: What about your father? 604: He was born {X} they married up there before they ever moved down here Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They called this the pinewoods back then up there don't grow big pines and things like it do down here used to be big big pines here you know but it's all been cut out. Interviewer: And how far did they get in school? 604: They both stopped. I don't know Interviewer: mm-mm 604: but they both taught school Interviewer: Did they do any other work besides teaching? 604: Oh yeah You know back then didn't teach but about six months in the year and they um farmed and he made jewelry and {D:different} things like that. Interviewer: He made jewelry? 604: Yeah Interviewer: That's unusual. 604: {NW} He uh he made earrings and uh necklaces and cufflinks and hairpins and hatpins and uh watch chains all kinda things he ordered his wire from some company and And I guess it was gold because it still don't {X} I was little. And he done that kinda work. And he built it for the weekends lots of times ya know he come home Sun- Saturday nights but he'd leave Friday and go off to town and he'd come home {NW} really help us out Interviewer: Yeah. 604: {NW} For him to make that jewelry {X} {D: Sunday.} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Ma- Mother always stayed home with the children. Interviewer: What about um your grandparents on your mother's side? 604: Well Interviewer: {X} 604: Uh I remember her a little bit but my grandfather on my mother's side got killed in the war. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and my grandmother married again She married a feller {D:Baget} And um They was {X}. my mother was a {X} and um Then she married a {D:Baget}. And she lived up here {X} it's about twelve miles {X}. Interviewer: Your grandmother? 604: Uh-huh my grandmother. Interviewer: And how how did it happen that your your mother was way up in North Mississippi? 604: Well they was up there too. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 they # 604: They lived up here though. They moved down here. They was from up in {X} county. They all moved back down here #1 see # Interviewer: #2 oh I see # Your your grandparents #1 {X} # 604: #2 mm-hmm # Yeah on both sides. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: mother and daddy Interviewer: They were from that 604: Uh-huh Interviewer: up in North Mississippi? 604: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: and they moved down here in Lamar county. {X} and that's where raised their families. Interviewer: When did um when did your parents move down to this county? 604: Oh honey I don't know {X} where I was born I {X} don't have no record of it. Interviewer: You think they were grown then? 604: Grown? They was married. They married in {X} county. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Then they moved down here. Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: And uh I think they had one child when they moved down here and lemme see lemme see how oh shoot {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: {X} 604: {X} I've got a record here somewhere I wanted. {NS} Found out just how old she was {NS} Well don't know what I've done with my little book. {NS} Interviewer: Well it's not that important I just wanted to get an idea {X} {NS} 604: Well it's {NS} {NS} Interviewer: What work did ya 604: {X} It had a been about eighty out ni- ninety years ago when they moved down here. Interviewer: uh-huh What work did um did your grandparents on your mother's side do? 604: Well they farm's all I know {NS} Interviewer: Do you know where their family came from before that? 604: uh-huh uh North Carolina Interviewer: Oh I see. {NS} Uh-huh Do you know where North when that was that they came? 604: No I don't. I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: What about your grandparents on your father's side? 604: Well they was they was Mississippians {NS} Interviewer: They were from that 604: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: I think so Interviewer: What um work did they do or how far did they get #1 in school # 604: #2 just {X} # Interviewer: just fourth? {NS} 604: all I ever knew of {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Do you know where they came from before that? 604: No I'm not sure but I think they all come from there. It it mighta been North Carolina where they come from. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 604: I just I'm not sure but it was Carolina the Carolinians where they come from both of 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: all them Interviewer: Um {NS} I guess you were married. 604: {X} Interviewer: {X} You've been married? 604: Oh yeah That was my husband's picture right over there. Interviewer: I see. Is he dead now? {NS} 604: Yeah he's been dead twenty-four years this past June. Interviewer: How old was he when he died? 604: Fifty-seven. No fifty-nine Pardon me. Interviewer: Does what church did he go to? 604: {X} Interviewer: Is that a baptist church? 604: Mm-hmm yeah just two miles right over here. Interviewer: Was he born from around here? 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: What work did he do? 604: Well he worked in uh {X} and he worked on the roads uh running graders on the road and all just different things and always had his farm. Interviewer: yeah {NS} How far did he get in school? 604: About like I did. Interviewer: About eighth grade? 604: Yeah Interviewer: And um was he very active in church or? 604: Pretty good. He is a deacon. Interviewer: Oh I see. Did he travel much or belong to any clubs? 604: Well he um belonged to the Masons and um {NW} that's about all he gone to except just the church. Interviewer: What about his parents? What do you #1 know # 604: #2 oh # They come from the coast down here. they Interviewer: Do you know what work they did or 604: no Interviewer: anything like that? 604: Just farming I imagine. Interviewer: mm-hmm Now I guess this community's changed pretty much #1 since # 604: #2 oh # {NW} Interviewer: Tell me about 604: #1 Oh I I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: Well just ya know just people moving in and out that's Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: makes a big difference in the community. what it used to be of course we have ways traveling now we used to didn't have Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: We had to go in a buggy or a wagon or something I guess ya know? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Now it's cars, motorbikes, bicycles, {NW} things like that it makes a lot of difference. Interviewer: mm-hmm Was this um do people still do the same type of work that they did? 604: Oh yeah it's farming all #1 through here. # Interviewer: #2 Still farming? # 604: Well it's not uh it's not making crops like you used to it's mostly uh pastures for cows now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Raise cattle instead a getting out there and farming like we had to making cotton and corn and stuff like that. Interviewer: um One thing I kept noticing um they are people not required to have their their animals fenced in? 604: No this is free range out here. We have free range. {NS} We got {NS} {NS} sixty or seventy handy cattle anyway ain't none of 'em shut up {X} calves were {NW} where we {NW} milk the cows {NW} Interviewer: That seems so so strange to me to be driving along and have these cows in the road. 604: Oh yeah I guess so. Yeah Everybody that lives through here though knows you know whenever they get out the country where they cattle has open range. Now {NS} it's not all over it's not all over the counties it's part of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm You said um you had places fenced in for the cows? 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: What do #1 you # 604: #2 pastures # Interviewer: Oh I see. Um I'd like to get an idea of the house that that you grew up in. Could you sort of make a sketch of it for me? 604: {NW} Oh wow. Interviewer: Just for the {D:royal} tour ya know just just to get a general idea or the house that you lived most of your life in 604: Well 'til I got married I lived in {D:um or a} a house that had um a front porch to it and on each end of the porch was a bedroom there's twelve of us children Interviewer: {X} 604: {NW} I can't draw. And um then there was a a porch ya know between these two rooms and it went into what we call a living room is big fireplace room there and I had a bed in that room and then there's a bedroom back a that and it had uh two beds in it and uh that made five beds and then there's a long part of the house back there that had the kitchen and dining room and a back porch to that. Interviewer: mm-hmm Let me try to draw that and you tell me 604: {NW} Interviewer: bout what shape was it? rectangular or 604: Uh-huh it's long. Interviewer: uh-huh {X} {X} 604: uh-huh Interviewer: Something like that? 604: Yeah Interviewer: Okay then you said it was a porch? #1 {X} # 604: #2 uh-huh # There's a porch across here and there's a room here and a room there. Interviewer: Oh the end of #1 the # 604: #2 and # Interviewer: porch? 604: Uh-huh on the end of the {X} Interviewer: How far out did the porch go? 604: Well it was far enough out it had a bedroom on it. and then this um Interviewer: So there was a 604: This room over here now it was a a post office one time. {NS} {NW} It was named {X} post office. Interviewer: uh 604: and this there's a road come across here in front of the house and that was the road from Purvis to Columbia and the mail carrier brought the mail through here and uh this {X} post office. It's the only one he had to stop at Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: between Columbia and Purvis. Interviewer: What um how how big was this? I just make a line here? 604: Uh-huh Come on up here and leave it {X} porch {X} Interviewer: What direction is this right here? 604: This {NW} now this is East and this is West. Interviewer: I see 604: And back a the Interviewer: {D:do this with me} So the house faces South? 604: Yeah Interviewer: And then the Southeast corner is that room 604: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 where the post # 604: post office was Interviewer: uh-huh 604: This is bedroom but after they moved the post office {D: something here} we used that for a bedroom Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: And then there's a a partition through here and there's a room that went through here into the kitchen. dining room Interviewer: There was a room {D:how}? 604: There's uh up here was the kitchen and this is dining room and then that was the back porch back there. Interviewer: Oh this was a 604: uh-huh Interviewer: This was a porch here? 604: uh-huh. Interviewer: and where was 604: that's the dining room Interviewer: #1 oh I see # 604: #2 and # this is the kitchen Interviewer: So you have a the {D:petition} 604: #1 and this is # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: and this is the living room there's {X} right here {NW} Interviewer: So living room then is #1 the Southeast? # 604: #2 and then the yeah. # Then I had bedrooms on down through here. #1 and the door # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: uh-huh and the doors went through here the middle Interviewer: So you have a bedroom you have three rooms in the South corner 604: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 South end # of the house in the East Southeast is the living room 604: yeah Interviewer: then in in the middle is the bedroom and then the #1 Southwest # 604: #2 bedroom # Interviewer: is the bedroom? 604: Yeah yeah so bedroom and we use this for a bedroom {NS} after the post office moved out. Interviewer: and the Northeast is a kitchen? 604: And right out here we had a well and that's where we got our water. Interviewer: and the dining room is the 604: uh-huh Interviewer: uh Northwest in the 604: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 house? # Just West of the dining room's the back porch? 604: yeah Interviewer: Oh I see. {NS} {NS} How long did you live in this house? 604: Til I married. I was nineteen when I married. Interviewer: Then what what house did you move into? 604: I moved down here. right down there Interviewer: that house you have 604: well that house burned Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: when we lived in it got uh we sold that and built up here Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then uh after they sold it that house down there burnt We moved up here to this house and Interviewer: Did um did you have any hall in this house? 604: Hall? Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Yeah we had a little hall from the living room here 'til you come in at the doors there you didn't go into the bedroom you just come down this hall and uh #1 from the living room # Interviewer: #2 halls {X} # 604: uh-huh just a went in that way {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: come out that way um Interviewer: um 604: That's {X} that live in there. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: You mentioned um you had a fireplace. 604: Oh yeah Interviewer: um that open open place on the floor in the front of the fireplace what was that called? 604: Well it was a chimney ya know and then the fireplace is down Interviewer: uh-huh 604: you see right back here Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 604: #2 That's # that's a fireplace with a chimney but {X} just flat level with the floor. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about that where those bricks are you call that {D:uh} you know that {x} what what I mean is this um this part down there 604: uh-huh I called it just called it fireplace all I ever called it. Interviewer: uh-huh Did Did you ever cook on a fireplace? 604: No I never did. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of anybody? 604: Oh yes hear a lot of folks cooking on the fireplace and mother used to have an {X} she baked potatoes on the fireplace. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: but just to cook her meals she never did. Interviewer: Tell me about how she'd what this oven was like and how she 604: Oh it's big {X} hold a half a bushel of sweet potatoes and uh she'd wash her potatoes and put 'em in there and then put uh coals under that oven and on top of it Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh {NS} the potatoes'd bake and they was so good. They'd just be so soft ya could hardly peel 'em. just real good Interviewer: um You know there's the part of the fireplace that that you'd put this oven {NS} down in 604: It was just part of the fireplace we'd just move the fire to one side and put the oven on the other side then sometimes the oven would be over on the other side. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Big ol' pot of a thing Interviewer: But you know there is a sort of a a stone or rock type um 604: Our wasn't it was just a dirt chimney. Interviewer: Do you know what that's called? 604: clay chimney uh-uh Interviewer: When you have that stone or rock thing in front of the fireplace that Have you ever {X} or hearth? 604: hearth yeah everybody calls it a lot of 'em calls 'em that Interviewer: Well what's 604: down on the hearth that's where you build a fire Interviewer: mm-hmm I see. {NS} said you were gonna build a fire if you put the wood on the 604: down on the hearth Interviewer: uh-huh 604: {NW} yeah It'd start ya fire. Interviewer: Did ya ever have anything to to lay the wood across on? 604: Uh-huh. {X} Interviewer: okay 604: #1 and um # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about say say the kind of wood you'd use to start a fire with what would that be 604: We called it kindling {NS} or splinters. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is there any other 604: start it Interviewer: other type other name for that other type of wood 604: Not unless ya poured a little coal all on the wood #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Do you ever hear {D:lightered}? 604: Well that's kinda wood we burned was {D:lightered}. Interviewer: What's the difference between {D: lightered} and {D: kindling}? 604: Well uh kindling ya bust it up and just have little pieces of it Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and {D:lightered} just throw big ol' chunks of it on the fire {NS} and it makes a big fire Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um when you talk about chunk what are you talking about? 604: Uh big ol' pieces of wood ya can't hardly lift Interviewer: uh-huh 604: {NW} Interviewer: And um the the big piece of wood that you might put toward the back of the fireplace burn for a long time what would that be? 604: it'd be a big chunk of wood that's all I know {NW} Interviewer: um and the the thing up across of the board {X} up above the 604: mantle shelf Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: Any other names for that? 604: {X} mantle shelf what I've always called it Interviewer: mm-hmm What about that black stuff that that um you know to clean out of the chimney 604: smut {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything else? 604: uh-uh Interviewer: {D:soot or soot}? 604: yeah soot or smut or whatever ya wanna call it Interviewer: mm-hmm and things that ya ya have to take a shovel and 604: ashes Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um tell me about things that that you might have in a room? the thing that I'm sitting in 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: it's called 604: chairs Interviewer: okay and um what about something that you might have in a living room for three or four people to sit on? 604: a couch. Interviewer: Are there any other types of besides a couch? any other names? 604: Oh yeah. lotta folks don't call 'em couches they call 'em ya know what I can't think right now. {NW} Interviewer: You ever hear {D: sofa}? 604: yeah sofa Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: uh lotta folks calls 'em that Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 604: Yeah same thing. Interviewer: What about what type things might you have in your bedroom to keep your clothes in? 604: Well I call it a wardrobe. Interviewer: {X} What does that look like? 604: Let me show you one. {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: That wardrobe would be something that doesn't have a a mirror to it. 604: No it doesn't have a mirror to it. Well now there are some that has a doors. all the way with the mirrors in 'em. Interviewer: What are they called? 604: They're called the same thing. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: But uh Interviewer: This one you open the drawer open the doors and you have drawers 604: No, the drawers is at the bottom down there. It's just shelves up in #1 there # Interviewer: #2 oh I see # So you don't have a place then for hanging up clothes? in that 604: Yeah {NW} the shelf stops in place of the hang up {X}. Interviewer: What about some things other things that that have drawers in it that you might have in the bedroom? 604: Well dressers and um {NS} I can't think now. I guess {NW} Interviewer: What's a dresser like? Does it have a mirror to it? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: What about um something like that only without a mirror? Did ya ever hear bureau or #1 dresser drawers # 604: #2 yeah # Interviewer: or {X} 604: Some folks called 'em bureaus like that in there Interviewer: That wardrobe? 604: uh-huh that wardrobe uh yeah dresser drawers {D:wash stands} dresser drawers, bureaus all kinda things {NW} Interviewer: Something now a days though in new houses they'll lots a times they'll they'll build a little room of the bedroom for you to hang up clothes #1 in. # 604: #2 mm-hmm # closet Interviewer: okay I guess you've got those #1 {X} # 604: #2 {NW} # and we got a little pantry right there. Interviewer: Where did you used to keep what do you keep in the pantry? just canned goods and things? What'd you use to keep 'em before you 604: {X} We had uh {NS} like this only it was closed in {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear {NS} you say you had shelves built around Did you ever have a {NW} 604: here in the closet the in the kitchen here {C: bad sound quality} {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a safe or anything like that? 604: A safe? yeah used to have safes to put food in Interviewer: What was the safe like? 604: {NW} Well there's different kind there's a we had two we had one that had um uh {X} and we had one that had metal and then the metal had uh ya know little holes that {D: made} a picture Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {NW} {X} {NW} Interviewer: What about um something that you might have in um have in in a window to cool down to keep out the light? 604: shades Interviewer: okay 604: window shades Interviewer: That's something solid now {D:is it}? 604: uh-huh yeah Interviewer: And um the top part of the house is called a 604: loft {D: or the} ceiling Interviewer: What's what's the loft? 604: It's that's place up there we uh upstairs I call it now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: uh it's floored up there and we got lots of stuff up there ya know Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: that we couldn't have down here. But we it was {X} {X} Interviewer: mm-mm 604: and we put it up in the loft of the house Interviewer: I see. um 604: Some folks it'd call it upstairs I guess. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: they call it {X} {NS} Interviewer: What would you call a a room like that that that you you just use to store things in that you didn't know what to do with? 604: Closet I guess. Interviewer: okay um and um all these things that we've been talking about the the dresser and wardrobe and so forth just a general name for those would be 604: what {NW} Interviewer: what what would you just 604: well well I just call it a bedroom suit Interviewer: okay and if you wanted to buy something like that you'd go to what kind of store? 604: furniture Interviewer: okay So would you use that word furniture? 604: {X} Interviewer: talking about Any other word would you say house fixing's a {X}? 604: Oh I guess you could call it that I just call it furniture store. {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever see kitchen's built differently from from how they are now? 604: Oh yeah I guess I have. {NW} Oh a I seen kitchens built off from the house Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: just another little house out there and a walkway to it you know from the house you lived in I never did I wasn't raised in one like that. {D: here comes} somebody {X} my daughter {X} Interviewer: and um what would you call a lot of old worthless things that you were about to throw away? 604: garbage Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay # Any other names? 604: {NW} uh Well I might call it by its name if I knowed what I was gonna throw away but Interviewer: uh-huh think of something like junk or #1 rubbage or trash # 604: #2 uh-huh # yeah I don't like that. Interviewer: And um tell me about daily house work you said that a woman has to do what every morning? 604: Well the- they supposed to but lot of 'em don't {NS} {NW} I get up in morning and fix some breakfast and then wash dishes making beds sweep the house {NS} Got company I forgot your name what is it? Interviewer: oh {B} {B} {NS} 604: {X} chair went right {NW} Interviewer: Say if if you have a a two story house to get from the first floor up to the second floor you have a 604: stairway Interviewer: okay and um something out- outside of the house say from the the ground up to the porch would be a 604: steps Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um 604: She's got me in school this morning {NW} and I can't think. Interviewer: Do do you remember on different types of porches seeing maybe a porch off the 604: #1 Well there's some # Interviewer: #2 the second floor? # 604: some closed in and the some that's open Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: some's got banisters and some don't Interviewer: Did you ever hear of um different names for different kinds of porches? 604: mm-hmm {NW} uh Used to be an old lady over here called 'em uh I don't know if I called it or not tell me what it is. Interviewer: oh I don't know {X} you ever 604: I don't know Interviewer: balcony or 604: uh-huh. balcony pass something like that passing I just always call it the porch or gallery. Interviewer: What's a gallery? 604: That's a porch. Interviewer: Is is it the same thing? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: Would ya talk about you know like that back porch you had at small back porch 604: uh-huh Interviewer: Would that be a gallery? 604: Yeah a little gallery back there. Interviewer: I see. #1 and um # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you said years ago on Monday women usually did what kind of work? 604: Wash day. Interviewer: okay Could you tell me what that was like? 604: Oo yes. {X} {X} {X} tubs get ya water in the pots and boil the pot {X} wash your clothes out first and put 'em in the pot get the dirt all ya can with your hands out and then put 'em in the pot boil 'em and then ya take 'em out of the pot and {X} {NW} then hang 'em up {NW} Interviewer: And then what? 604: {X} dryer there wasn't no such thing as a dryer back then ya had to hang 'em out and let 'em dry Interviewer: mm-hmm Then what would you do? 604: Bring 'em in iron and fold and put 'em away. Interviewer: uh-huh What might you call both washing and ironing together? 604: cuz it all goes together you can wash and if you don't uh iron some of ya clothes {X} {NS} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: there one word you use to refer to washing and ironing? 604: {D: Well I just} Interviewer: Is there one word that that would mean both washing and ironing? 604: Yeah get up and get ya week's work done. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um would you ever use the word laundry? 604: Oh yeah. {NS} {NS} that's whenever you start {X} get it all through with and you {NS} done ya laundry and got it put away. Interviewer: uh-huh I see. and um you know some some houses have these kinds of {X} that sort of lap over each other 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: What's that? {NS} 604: Can't think What is it? Ya know where the the {x} {X} on top always over the bottom one (X) Interviewer: Well that you'd have on on a farm and the buildings that 604: They put 'em in? Interviewer: {D:huh}? 604: The buildings they kept 'em in? Interviewer: Yeah. 604: Well um {NS} We had {NS} two horses on our farm and um had two boys that plowed 'em and #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 604: and so we had a big barn though and uh had several uh stalls under that barn and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: some cribs too. In some of the cribs we put cotton in, some we put corn in and different things like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: and kept feed in ya know we care to {D: the meals} and get {D:fixed} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: in some of the stalls in {NW} uh Interviewer: What other animals did you have #1 in the # 604: #2 oo we had # cows in the lot We had a lot built onto the barns. Ya know that? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: and we had cows and one time my daddy had a few goats. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D:oh} # 604: {NW} They said that only way to keep them goats from uh jumping in the field was just put up a ladder and let 'em walk over. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: {NW} They just go anywhere they want to. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 604: #2 goats will # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # So he didn't keep these goats long but uh we had chickens and turkeys geese Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: Things like that out the back ya know down by the barn. Interviewer: What other animals did you have? to to eat maybe? 604: Oh such as hogs? Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: Yeah we had hogs turkeys and chickens that we use for meats and cattle.{NW} #1 We always # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: {X} a beef every year. Interviewer: Where'd you keep the hogs? 604: In the woods just like these cows {X} out there 'til we get ready to fatten 'em then we pen 'em up. Feed 'em corn and sweet potatoes water things like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: Get 'em get 'em real fat and kill 'em. That's where we get our grease and meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you um ever have any special what what was this place you'd keep the hogs in? What did it #1 look like? # 604: #2 We'd call 'em # pen. Well the way my Daddy always made his he made a pen and floored it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: So the hogs wouldn't be down in the mud and uh um they could get their feet out of the troughs up on that floored pen. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you um where where would you turn the the cows out to graze? 604: Just in the woods like they are here. Interviewer: What if um {X} in some areas though where you'd have to 604: #1 Well I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: I had never lived in where they had to keep in pasturage ya know. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: There some places here in Lamar county that's that they have to keep 'em shut up but we have free range out here. Always have that. Interviewer: Haven't you had any trouble from that #1 it seems like # 604: #2 Oh yeah we get # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # I believe we done got two killed this year. Interviewer: mm 604: Ya know people with their cars run into 'em. Interviewer: Who's fault is it then? 604: Well uh it's the one that's driving cause they know this is open range. Unless it'd be somebody like you come in here and didn't know that it was open range ya know and was making lotta speed Interviewer: yeah 604: and trying to get to somewhere right away. Well the people through here that has open range they don't um charge you nothing for killing their cow but you have your own expenses to fix your car. Interviewer: yeah 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: #1 it's {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: that's free range. {NW} Interviewer: Say you got going to someone's house someone's house and tell them you know hey gee you know your cows have gotten out. 604: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: {X} We don't have to tell nobody about {X} we open the gates every morning and let 'em go. Interviewer: yeah Did you ever hear about anyone having a a fenced in place in a pasture? Where they might milk the cows? 604: Mm oh yeah. People that don't have uh free range. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They put 'em in pastures all the time. and that's where the that these dairies around they all have pastures. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: for just milk cows ya know Interviewer: mm-hmm Did did you ever hear say if you were gonna milk your cows um you might milk 'em in the barn or or you might have a a fenced in place. 604: Yeah a lot. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: put 'em turn 'em in the lot have the calves in the lot and turn the cow in and milk. Interviewer: mm-hmm Oh I see. um where Where in the barn um did you store hay? 604: uh upstairs Interviewer: What did you call that upstairs? 604: Well uh ya know ya had the the stables and uh hay and everything down here. and up there well uh That's where you'd put the upstairs where you'd put the feed for the cows. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you call that anything besides upstairs? 604: Yeah we'd called it up the barn. {NW} Interviewer: um What did it look like up was it just a a #1 floored in place # 604: #2 a big uh-huh just # floored in place Interviewer: and um suppose you had too much hay to to put up in the barn 604: Well if you don't have enough room to put ya hay in the barn you have to stack it in the field and put a plastic cover over it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see a any different types of of hay stacks? 604: mm-hmm I've seen 'em stack it around poles. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {NW} Have a pole sticking up out of the ground and put hay all around it and then just cover the top of it and the cows would eat this hay down here where they can get to it #1 ya know # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: and as they eat that out it keep coming down. Interviewer: Oh I see. and um When you first got hay you know and you you let it dry 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: or at least you used to now they #1 bale it but # 604: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: um and it rake it up in little piles 604: Yeah they'd rake it up and uh {NS} rolls across the field that way and then ya'd take it truck or wagon whatever you was hauling it in with a pitchfork and put it on the wagon and haul it 'til the barns {NS} #1 or stack it. # Interviewer: #2 What would # 604: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 604: #1 in the field # Interviewer: #2 what was # 604: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # What would you call that um {NS} amount that you'd take um those little piles that you'd take up with your pitchfork? 604: Just a load of hay on your pitchfork's all I know. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Got about all you can carry with or {X}. {NW} Interviewer: yeah 604: {NW} Interviewer: I was wondering if you had heard of a shock or a 604: Well that's where you shock it around this pole ya know? you put it around there and they call it a hay stack shocked it up around this pole Interviewer: What do you mean by shocked then? 604: Well that's stacking it up there to where it it won't fall{NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh you put a load and you get up there and you drop it down Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and make it be real tight to where it won't be blowing or falling or anything. It's shocking it. Interviewer: and um Do you ever have any special place for storing grain? 604: Oh yeah. {NW} Well {NW} we just had corn cribs Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: throw the corn in the cribs. Interviewer: Did you ever hear a grainer? or anything like that? 604: Yeah I've hear that but I've never we never had one. Interviewer: mm-hmm um 604: Yeah we put our rice in we used to raise our own rice. Interviewer: Oh really? 604: Uh-huh Interviewer: I didn't know the climate was 604: Oh yeah We raised our own rice and we had a big boxes with a lid to it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and we carried it to {X} and get it to cleaned and bring it back and put it in this big box. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: let it down have rice all year Interviewer: hmm Did you ever raise cotton? 604: Oh yeah. It's how {X} with this place we raise cotton to pay for it. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Tell me about what that's like what sort of work you have to do. 604: Well ya have to fix ya ground{NS} {NW} ya know and plant ya seed and then you um after ya cotton comes up ya chop it. They call it chopping cotton. Just leave it in {X} along ya know where you have room to {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and make a a stalk and then ya then ya used to pick cotton in sacks but now they pick 'em with machinery. Interviewer: mm-hmm um What do you call that grass that grows up in the cotton field? 604: Oh different kind {NW} some uh they crab grass and there some um oh I guess crab grass would be the worst. oh just all kind old grass and weeds. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: You have to hoe it out. Keep it clean so it won't be in ya cotton. Interviewer: You mentioned uh first of all you have to fix your ground. 604: mm Interviewer: How do you do that? 604: Well they ah they they get out there and plow it up ya know and then uh they call it flat breaking it #1 it just break it # Interviewer: #2 flat? # 604: all every bit of it just break it up ya know and just let the plows go through and break it up and then they streak it all with a plow. Interviewer: What's that? 604: That's where you plow the row. just straight make a straight row across this field ya got broke up and then they they put their row down through there and another row {NS} {NS} {X} plant ya put ya fertilizer out and then put ya throw ya ground back on that fertilize and take a little plow on top {NS} well your planter get up on top of the little ridge and and ya planter as ya go along and put out the seed and the fertilizer {NS} Interviewer: What um different types of plows are there? 604: Oh they're turning plows and sweeps and {X} uh scooter plows and Interviewer: What's a sweep? 604: A sweep is a {X} and it's just about as wide as ya hand. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: It's like that. Interviewer: Also {X} shaped? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: {X} 604: and you plow out the middle and just leave it as clean and pretty as you please with a sweep then you now have a hairs side hairs around that cotton Interviewer: Are there different kinds of {X}? 604: uh-huh There's some ya put on machinery and some ya put on horses. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Do you know names of # of some of the {X}? 604: No we only just called 'em {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh What and what was the scooter plow? 604: A scooter plow's what ya lay the row on with. {NS} Interviewer: What does it look like? 604: {NW} It's uh oh about like that Interviewer: Like you have your hands overlapping {X} 604: It's just kinda {D:narrow} ya know. Just about like that it's just a {NS} a little plow goes down in the ground. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {X} off the row. Interviewer: Oh I see. Have you ever heard of the gee whiz? 604: Yeah Interviewer: What's that? 604: I've heared that but let me think what a gee whiz Uh {NS} I don't know if I ever seen one. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: But I've heared {NS} people say it. Interviewer: yeah 604: gee whiz {NS} They gotta gee whiz or something like that but I I {NS} don't know. I wouldn't know what that was.{NS} Interviewer: Tell me about um how you used to keep milk and butter and what you had refrigerated. 604: Well we didn't we didn't try to keep it. Interviewer: What? 604: We'd just milk everyday ya know? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: um We skimmed the milk off next day and what milk we didn't use um We'd put the cream every two days we'd churn. Sometimes we'd have to churn everyday in the summertime ya know. and make the butter and so we'd if we had more than we needed well we just let the cow go on to the woods with the calf. We just shut up so many so we'd have plenty of milk and butter. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {NW} Interviewer: But did you ever have any place for for keeping it cool? (X} 604: Oh yeah I've seen 'em um let it carry it to the spring we call it the {X} and put it under the water. Interviewer: Oh I see. Um did you have a little house sort of built there or just lower it down in there? What about um water that'd you carry from the well would you put that any place that was closer to the house or? 604: Uh the well was just right out in the yard if we wanted fresh water we'd just go draw some {x} and get fresh water. After it sat there a while you wouldn't want to drink it ya know. It'd get hot in the summertime. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh We'd just go back to the well and draw a fresh bucket of water. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of the water house or anything like that? 604: I've seen 'em where they had sheds over them. well Interviewer: uh-huh 604: We never did have one over our wells. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: We had a trough that'd come up to the well um pour water in that trough then {X} outside to where you could water the cows or horses or anything. We didn't bring 'em in the yard ya know. We just poured in this trough it'd run down there in their trough. Interviewer: I see. 604: Just made a trough didn't hold a lot of water ya know. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: {X} draw the water out and pour it in the trough and had to run down on the outside into another trough. Interviewer: yeah 604: cows and horses could drink but we lived among water we didn't have no trouble with that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Plenty of springs and rivers, creeks and things around. Interviewer: um You mentioned the while they mentioned that the dairy Does that word have any other meanings? Do you ever talk about a dairies being anything besides just this farm? 604: The dairies is uh you know the uh we used to didn't have dairies through here. Long time ago when I was a child but uh now they have 'em oh I don't know tween here in Columbia. Guess you'd {X} about three or four anyway. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: And uh They'd keep their cows in the pasture and they milked but they just machines that they got they put on the cows ya know and Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh they put the milk in tanks and then big trucks comes by and pick it up ya know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: pump it into their tank and carry {NW} {X} {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Where did you used to keep potatoes or turnips in the winter? 604: {NW} Well we called it uh banking 'em. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: we uh clean off a place on the ground and put straw down there pine straw Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then pile the potatoes up way up so high #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 over # 604: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: yeah yeah some of 'em would be in uh we'd put straw over that then put a few corn stalks right up at the top for the they claimed the potato could breathe keep it from just Interviewer: uh-huh 604: getting too hot and um go to sprout something like that get it air and so um then over top of that they'd just spread a little something over it or turn an ol' bucket or something over top of them stalks and {NW} Interviewer: I'm not sure I understand, would you have to dig something first or? how would you you couldn't It doesn't seem like you could just pile potatoes up on top of each other and not have it all fall over. 604: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 how would you # 604: Well it it goes up like that you know you start down here in the big place Interviewer: uh-huh 604: and uh oh then you fit just keep piling it up 'til it's sharp pointed. Interviewer: Like a pyramid 604: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 sort of? # 604: {NS} and uh they keep all year {X} in the Spring well you have your bed that you put the little potatoes in for seed next year Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh you tear them down and you bed 'em out on the ground and put straw over them and just a little bit of dirt first thing you know they just come up and they nice potato {D:draws} ya know{NS} take the potato {D:draws} stick 'em out in the field and they call these little plant {D:draws/straws???} Interviewer: {D:draws?} 604: uh-huh potato {D:draws} and they've uh plant them out in rows and make potatoes. Interviewer: Oh I see. Did you ever store have to store turnips in the winter? 604: Well we didn't have to but we have few times. just like ya did potatoes. Interviewer: Just a {D:bank}? 604: Yeah just a ol' {D:bank}. Interviewer: What um what kind of fences do you remember seeing? 604: Oh well uh rail fences and uh picket fence and uh bar fence {X} fence just about ever since I remember Interviewer: What kinds? 604: Huh? Interviewer: What kinds? of {D:wire} fences? 604: Well ya know it's like that. and then ya put a barbed wire across the top. Interviewer: What do you call {X} squares? 604: You know how you see through it you know it's a little square. {NS} Interviewer: What um what was the rail fence like? Were there different #1 type # 604: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: rail 604: Uh no they rail fences all aligned{NS} {NS} built like this ya put one rail there and another here and then this one come on top of that and then I dunno on top of that got it up {X} Interviewer: Did you ever see um if if you wanted to um put a an extension if you wanted your your fence real fence to be higher? 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: Something you could build? 604: Yeah you can just keep building just as high as you can reach. Interviewer: uh-huh But did you ever see anything built like {X} like this and {X} like this and then lay a board across? 604: Don't believe I ever did. Interviewer: okay And what what was the picket fence like? 604: Well uh that's just uh pieces of uh material about has wide as one of them {X} about like that door facing there. Interviewer: About three inches? 604: uh-huh about three inches wide I guess and uh then they'd put up two um strips down here closer to the {NS} one down close to the ground and one a way up here Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then they {X} ya know {NS} that was picket fence {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever see them built different from that? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: how? 604: Oh well it they {X} well not just for a feet on the I've seen 'em around people's houses where they would fix 'em different. Interviewer: {X} they're still picket fences? 604: they're still picket fences. Interviewer: um You said you were gonna put up a barbed wire fence you'd you'd have to do holes for the 604: mm-hmm post Interviewer: uh-huh and how how many would would you use? 604: Well um if you wanted a real good fence you'd put it every ten foot. But if ya just got it up there just to {D:hold} uh cows and calves back from trying to tear it down or you could put it good long ways from post to post ya know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: but uh to have a real good fence you have to have it about every ten foot ya have to have a post to nail that wire to. Interviewer: Oh I see. And um did you ever see a fence with wall made out of loose stone or rock? 604: Uh what kind? Interviewer: uh something you'd take stone or a rock from 604: I have never seen 'em only just uh {D:round} homes ya know like on the coast or some place like that. I seen 'em One or two in the country but it's where they is {D:save} the old stones they'd plow ya know and used 'em for fence stack 'em up Interviewer: And um Suppose you had a real good set of dishes chances are they'd be made out of what? 604: China? Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see an egg made out of that? 604: Any what? Interviewer: An egg made out of that. 604: A China? Interviewer: uh-huh. What what would that be called? 604: I don't know. I don't know is I ever seen a egg made out of China. Interviewer: Well something that you could put in a hen's nest. 604: yeah I've seen a lot of them. I didn't know if they was China or just old {D:crock} or what. #1 Ya know? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: Like you make jugs and things out of just painted white. {NS} I seen lots of little old {X} that they use for eggs ya know. Interviewer: uh-huh What do you call those little {X}? {X} 604: No just a little vine that grows a little {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 604: {NW} Interviewer: What did you use to carry water in? 604: Buckets. Interviewer: Wha- what were they like? 604: Water bucket. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Well uh they was usually made out of cedar wood. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: with a brace band around 'em to hold 'em up ya know and then they had a handle. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: To carry Interviewer: What did you um milk into? 604: Uh well we had milk buckets. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They was uh I call 'em tin. They was uh great big round bottom to 'em and then they {X} made a big bucket at the top. Interviewer: So a bucket could be something either made out of 604: Yeah Interviewer: metal {D: or wood} 604: Yeah either way. Interviewer: What um what would you use to carry carry food to the hogs in? 604: Well a bucket too. {NW} Interviewer: What would you call that? 604: Slop bucket. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: And uh what sort of things cooking utensils do you have? 604: Pots and pans. Interviewer: mm-hmm What um what did people used to have when they'd cook on a #1 {X}? # 604: #2 Oh # They had iron pots. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something that um 604: Ovens They had uh no ovens {X} baked {D:potaters} in Interviewer: uh-huh 604: And uh bread too I think but we never did have We never did use that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: When I was a little girl they had uh uh home comfort ranges. And uh mother had uh raised turkeys and bought her one before I was ever borned I guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: And uh whenever you raised anything like that to get anything out of it you had to carry it down on the coast to sell it. You know she'd raise a big bunch of turkeys and then Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They'd take a wagon, load 'em all and sell 'em. She took uh I mean {X} rode off one time and bought her {X} range. and um {X} I don't before I was born {X} So I was raised with a {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see what what would you use nowadays um say if you were gonna fry eggs? 604: I I use frying pan or a skillet whatever will be able to call it Some folks calls 'em skillets and I call 'em frying pan. Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: {NW} Interviewer: And um what would people use to to um to heat up water to make tea? 604: kettle Interviewer: okay. Did you ever use the word kettle talking about um the big thing you use for um boiling clothes in? 604: Wash {D:pile/pot} Interviewer: Wash pot? You've never called that a kettle? 604: {NW} Some folks might have. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: We always just said wash pot. Interviewer: uh-huh What would you call that thing that you use to um hit the the coals with? to to beat the coals with? 604: {NW} A battling block. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: with a battling stick. Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: but I never did use one then. but I know the older ones did. Interviewer: uh-huh What um suppose you you went up and cut some flowers and wanted to put 'em in the house you might put 'em in a? 604: Vase. Interviewer: okay and um say you set the table you'd give everyone a plate and then you'd give everyone a? 604: Knife and fork and spoon. Interviewer: okay and you say um if you serve a steak and it wasn't very tender you might have to put out steak? 604: Knives. Interviewer: Okay and um {NS} 604: See a set 'em right over there. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 604: {NW} Interviewer: Say um after she washes the dishes then she what them in clear water? 604: Scald 'em I called it. Interviewer: okay or or another word? She just takes clear water and? 604: {X} {X} Interviewer: okay and what do you call the the cloth or wet rag that you use when you're washing dishes? 604: A dish #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 604: and a dry cloth. Interviewer: and uh what about the the little cloth or rag you use to bathe your face with? {NS} 604: Washcloth. Interviewer: mm-kay #1 and um # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: to dry yourself off with? 604: Towel. Interviewer: And um say you went want to turn on the water at the sink you'd you'd turn on the? 604: hot one? Interviewer: yeah but the thing you turn. 604: Oh you mean to spray the dishes? Interviewer: No just just the 604: Oh the faucet. Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: What about something like that that's outside that maybe you could hook your hose up to? 604: uh-huh Two or three hydrants out there. Interviewer: uh-huh you call that a hydrant? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: and um {NS} Do you remember {NS} say if men would would work out in field and people'd bring water out to 'em in a wagon of something and and it the water would be in this this big container um what the the thing that you'd you'd turn to get the water out on that that container. What you call that? 604: I guess that's faucet. Interviewer: okay and do do you remember? 604: Well no we never had nothing like that. {NS} {NW} We'd just take a {NS} uh jug or a {NS} jar or something like that ya know Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: carrying water to the field wasn't no big bunch to carry it to you it was just a Interviewer: yes {NS} 604: If we was a several of 'em we'd just carry a bucket. Interviewer: Did how much land did you have? Did you have a 604: My daddy had a hundred sixty acres. Interviewer: Pretty good size. 604: mm-hmm Lot of it was in town {X} uh {NS} creek across it and some spring branches and things Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Now I don't know just how many acres he had in farm. {NS} Interviewer: You mentioned um creek and branch and so forth 604: uh-huh Interviewer: Could you explain to me what the 604: Creek is? Interviewer: Yeah what 604: uh ya know um you cross one right up there a little branch Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Well now that's what I call a branch. It's just a small stream. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and a creek is a little bigger. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: just the other side uh uh the little grocery store up there Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: it {X} now that's a creek. We call it {X} {X} creek. and then when it gets on down here where all these streams comes together it's a river. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and the river's right down there. Interviewer: There anything else besides the creek and branch of the river? 604: Spring. There's some springs along here. Interviewer: What's the spring? 604: That's where water comes up out of the ground and Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: and comes Winter and Summer it don't never dry out no matter how dry the weather gets. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Springs {X}. Interviewer: What um what would you call a a stream that that drys up when it's and it hadn't been 604: I just call it a branch. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: like {D: tween} right down the hill there. Now that runs water during all the Winter months here but sometimes in the Summer we have a dry spell and it dries up. Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: And that's just the old branch down there Interviewer: um 604: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What is the # the names of some of the the streams in this area? 604: Well this is Little River. #1 and # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: back across over on that side of the river is oh what we call a {X} No {X} {X} That's {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {X} {X}. and um {X} uh {X} {X} little bay and uh the spring branches all come through to this one stream and that makes a river. Interviewer: What what river? 604: Little River. Interviewer: {X} 604: Uh they called it Upper Little River. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Then there one on the towards Columbia called Lower Little River. Ya know where the streams all comes together. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: goes on ya {NS} {X} into {D:Pearl} River and {D:Pearl} River goes into New Orleans down there. Interviewer: Down to the #1 Gulf? # 604: #2 yeah # uh-huh at the Gulf it uh that's Slidell It starts in down there they call it Lake {X}. {NS} Lake {NS} {NW} Interviewer: What did you use to buy flour in? 604: {D:barrels} Interviewer: mm-kay What about um if you didn't buy that that much flour say if you bought 604: Yeah they always sell 'em in sacks. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: You could buy it in sacks. Interviewer: And um what um so well say now that if you went to the store and bought some apples or something the grocer would probably put it in a? 604: Paper bag. Interviewer: okay. 604: {NW} That's about all ya get in the grocery store. Interviewer: Yeah 604: It's in paper ba- {NS} {NS} Interviewer: What did what did feed used to come in? 604: The feed? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Like we buying cow feed #1 or # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: It was in sacks. Interviewer: Wha- what kind of sacks? 604: Um Well some folks calls 'em croaker sacks. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: I tell ya that's what they call 'em. Interviewer: What about the thing that potatoes were shipped in? What was that called? 604: Crates. Interviewer: Any sort or sack or bag? 604: Hampers? Crates is I to ship 'em #1 ya know? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: Is what they called 'em {NS} I guess they sent 'em in sacks too they did {X} croaker sacks #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: sacks Interviewer: {D:pee} 604: Feed Interviewer: feed sacks. um say if you wanted to to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth like a coke bottle you'd pour it in through a? 604: Well {X} to strain it or if ya wanna just put it through a little funnel. Interviewer: mm-hmm and um {NS} say if you were driving horses and wanted to go faster you might hit 'em with a? 604: {X}. Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: What else? 604: little {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh um What if if you were in a buggy? What would you have? 604: You mean a switch or? something like that. Interviewer: Something 604: A buggy whip. Interviewer: okay 604: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 A switch # is different from a whip or? 604: uh-huh a switch is something you break off of a tree Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: or a branch and uh uh buggy switches they make 'em subtle. Interviewer: yeah and um suppose you want to um {NS} to carry corn to the mill to be ground you might carry well you might carry one or two bushels or ya know whatever the amount but would you have a way of referring to that? You say you are going to take a something of of corn to the mill? 604: A bushel of corn. Interviewer: okay um say if you didn't know that it was a bushel you didn't know how much it was or would you have an expression just do you ever say 604: Just taking the {D:meal} and the corn I guess what you say. Interviewer: a {X}? 604: A {X}. Interviewer: {D:milling}? 604: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What {NS} was 604: It wouldn't it wouldn't matter if it was two bushel or one bushel or half a bushel or a {D:peck}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: A {D:milling} of corn. Interviewer: Do you ever hear a turn of corn? 604: A what? Interviewer: turn. 604: Oh yeah. uh that's all you can carry {NW} {NW} It's a turn. Interviewer: uh-huh So that's a a pretty big amount? 604: Uh-huh that's well that's some folks can take a big turn and some can can't pick up much ya know can't carry it It's a turn. Interviewer: You carry it in your arms? 604: Uh-huh or on your shoulder Interviewer: Oh I see. um What would you call the amount of wood that you could carry? all the wood you could carry 604: A load. Interviewer: Okay. of you might say an arm? 604: Uh-huh arm load. Interviewer: uh-huh Would you ever call that a turn of wood? 604: uh-huh #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: yeah Interviewer: How else would you use that word turn? 604: Oh {NS} It's a turn anything you could pick up just about it. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} And suppose someone had a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood you'd say that that the wagon the person just had a 604: Part of a load. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say a change or a jag of wood? 604: I have never heard it like that. Interviewer: And say if if the lamp on the porch wasn't burning you might say you had to screw in a new? 604: {X} Interviewer: Okay. and you carry the the clothes out to hang on the line you carry them out in a? 604: Basket. Interviewer: and um something that nails use to come in? like a barrel only smaller. {NS} 604: {X}. Interviewer: huh? 604: To carry clothes in? Interviewer: No no that nails used to come in . 604: Oh nails, {D: tags}. Interviewer: Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: And um thought about a barrel what was what'd you call those those things that run around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 604: {D:hutch}. Interviewer: Mm-kay. and um say if you opened up a bottle and did didn't wanna the liquid to spill out you wanted to shut it back up again you'd you'd stick in a? 604: Cork. Interviewer: Okay. Um do you ever see no when you talk about a cork is is there What would you call something like made with glass? Would that be a cork too? 604: It'd just be a stopper. Interviewer: Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: So a cork is {NS} #1 {X} # 604: #2 is a stopper. # Interviewer: uh-huh. and um this is a musical instrument that you'd play like this 604: harp. Interviewer: okay any other name for that? 604: Well there are French harps and uh Jewish harps and Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: uh what all kind of harps Interviewer: What does harp mean then? just something that you 604: uh huh, Blow. You blow it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: to make music. Interviewer: Oh I see. and um the thing that you use to pound nails with would be a? 604: Hammer. Interviewer: And if you had a horse and two wagons and you if you have a wagon and two horses #1 {NW} # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do you call the long wooden piece that comes down #1 to a # 604: #2 the tongue. # #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: {NW} Interviewer: And um if you have a horse pulling a buggy then what do you have? 604: {X}. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um what what are the is the thing that that the traces are hooked onto? 604: um um hmm Interviewer: You know what I mean? That that bar of wood that 604: I know what I know what it is. I just can't think right now. Hadn't thought of such things {D: a long {X}}. Interviewer: Something tree. Is that something? 604: Uh-huh. {NS} Singletree. Interviewer: okay. What if you have um {NS} two horses? {NS} What would the singletrees be hooked on? {NS} 604: A doubletree.{NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um tell me about the the parts of the wheel {NS} starting with the inside you'd have the {X} 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Then the spokes would come out and they'd fit into the {NS} what? 604: The {NS} {NS} The rim of fits into the rim and then they got that steel band around 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um what are the what goes then across the what are the the wheels fit onto? 604: Axel. Interviewer: Mm-kay. and suppose you were going to um chop a log or saw some wood you might use a a frame to to put the wood in it could either be an X shape frame like that you know and you just lay the the log in down there. 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Or it could be a did you ever see one like that? 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What was that called? 604: {NW} I don't know what to call it but I've seen 'em put it up there and uh and saw the wood off at the #1 ends ya know? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Did you ever see something like that and you'd A shaped and you'd take two of 604: Oh yeah that's um What you call it a horse? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um {NS} You say you straighten your hair using a comb and a? What? {X} If your hair was messed up you'd you'd use a comb and a 604: And a brush. Interviewer: Okay. If you were gonna use {NS} one of these you say you are going to? 604: Comb ya hair. Interviewer: Or {NS} 604: Brush ya hair. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd What would you sharpen a straight razor on? 604: A {X} they call 'em. It's a little old um some kinda stone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something made out of leather? 604: Out of leather? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Razor strap. {NS} Interviewer: And what would you put in a pistol? 604: Bullets. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: Shelled Interviewer: uh-huh. Any- anything else you say? 604: {X} Interviewer: Say maybe um say the shotgun you had shells and in a rifle you'd have 604: {D:cartridges} Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever um what sort of things did did you play on when you were a child? things maybe that 604: {X} and riding horses {NW} Interviewer: what's 604: and sticks and broomsticks and #1 things like # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: that when we was little{NS} Interviewer: what's a um riding rid- what's that you mentioned riding horse? 604: Riding horse. Interviewer: What was that? 604: It's uh {NS} piece of material laying a {NS} across here and {NS} {X} {NS} over here and it comes across that Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and you'd {NS} go down over here this one comes up and {NS} this one goes down {X}. Interviewer: Oh I see. {NS} What if you saw some children playing on that what would you say they were doing? 604: Just riding horses. Playing riding horses. Interviewer: Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: and 604: Did you ever see a flying {X}? Interviewer: I am not sure. What does it look like? 604: It's um {NS} uh got a whole board in it and piece of mate- um {NS} timber Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh {D:hue} off the stump you cut off the tree or stump and then you {D:hue} that off to a place just big enough to fit this hole it's #1 in # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: {NS} piece of timber put this timber over that hole and one gets on this side one on that side and around and around flying {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Did you ever see {NS} um {NS} anything you take a a board and fix it down at both ends and children would jump on it? or bounce on it? 604: Uh springboard. Interviewer: What what's that like? Is that fixed down at both ends or just 604: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: one end. {NW} They have springboards ya know at uh {D:swimming holes}. Interviewer: mm-hmm but do do 604: They run out {NS} there and {NS} up and down on little bit throws 'em way out. Interviewer: Did you ever see anything though that was was fixed down at both ends children would jump on? joggling board or bouncing board or jump board or? 604: I reckon I seen jump boards I guess {NS} call it {NS} jump up on this and then {NS} over here on that. #1 Is that what your talking # Interviewer: #2 How how is it # How is that built? 604: It it it had it's not it's just laid across this {NS} {D:material}. Interviewer: It's sort of like the riding horse now? 604: It's kinda like {NS} the riding horse but the riding horse got a hole in it here ya know. flying {X} I call it. {X} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 604: Then uh Interviewer: I see. {NS} Or you might take a a tree limb and tie a long rope to it and #1 put a seat. # 604: #2 Make a swing. # Interviewer: Okay. and uh what did you use to carry coal in? 604: {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm You never had coal? What um say you want to to move some bricks or something heavy like that you might put them in something that's got a little wheel on one end and 604: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. and um What would you use to sharpen tools on? 604: Uh grind rock. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something smaller than that? That you would hold in your hand? 604: Uh {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm any- anything else? Did you ever hear wet? 604: Wet rocks? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: Yeah. Wet rocks you usually sharpen knives and things on. {NS} Interviewer: and um say something was squeaking to lubricate it you'd say you'd have to 604: Well it'd uh grease it. Interviewer: Okay. You said yesterday I {X} 604: Uh-huh yesterday I greased it. Interviewer: okay. and if grease got all over your hand you'd say your hands were all? {NS} 604: had uh {NS} Interviewer: My hands are all? what? 604: Messed up. Interviewer: Okay. #1 You got me. # 604: #2 {X} # Interviewer: grease on 'em #1 then you'd say # 604: #2 yeah # Interviewer: your hands were all? {X} 604: Greasy. Interviewer: Okay. and um what's those things that you use to burn in lamps? 604: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever see a a lamp that that was made? A homemade lamp? 604: Uh-huh. Interviewer: what what was that like? {NS} 604: Well uh I don't know is I ever seen a homemade lamp but I seen when you used to use torches. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: splinters and make a light with 'em build it up on something ya know and have a light. Interviewer: What's a torch? 604: It's {D:fat splinters}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Full a tar ya know. and they'll burn make a pretty light. Interviewer: Did you ever see anyone take a rag and a bottle {D:'til} this coal or grease or something like that 604: You make a light. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: {X} Interviewer: And um inside the tire of the car you have the inner? 604: {X} Interviewer: okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um if someone had had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water for the time you'd say that they were going to? 604: Uh see if they seal it off good. Interviewer: uh-huh. Or they're gonna put it in the water you say they're going to? what the boat? 604: Come ride in it or whatcha mean? Interviewer: {X} wondering if {X} launch 604: Oh yeah. {NS} launch your boat off. Interviewer: uh-huh. 604: {D: and} then he'd read the bible. {NS} and then he'd a explain it to us. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and have prayer. and then we could just go ahead and play 'til we all got sleepy and tired. well {X} we had to go get our bath. {NW} We had some big old tubs that had water in 'em ya know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: The girls would go one place and the boys the other. So we all know what to do and we a we never had nobody in our house in the family that ever {X} ever heard {X}. Didn't have no bad words like they do now a lotta folks would say oh my lord ya know and my God look at that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Oo we never had nothing like that in our home. Everybody I believe was all raised Christian to start with but of course whenever you get older and realize{NS} {NS} you got to give yourself to the Lord well that means a difference. {NS} You belong to a church? Interviewer: My parents are Methodist. That's the church that I grew up with. 604: Was what? Interviewer: Methodist. 604: Uh-huh. {NS} I've been to Methodist churches and hear them preach but I'm not I just don't know nothing about their rules or anything. I'm Baptist. Interviewer: That's a pretty big church around here. 604: Uh-huh. {X} to the Southern convention Baptist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: our church {X} {NS} and I said there's one thing or two or three things that I would never have to ask the Lord to forgive me for. That's for cursing. I've never had to curse. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: I've never had to use the tobacco nothing like that in my life. and uh uh never had never did drink coffee. Several things like that I just Interviewer: You don't 604: but you gonna pray for them that does ya know. #1 That they get # Interviewer: #2 You don't like # 604: #1 forgiveness. # Interviewer: #2 # Drinking coffee? 604: {NW} Never. Interviewer: That's kind of unusual. Why? 604: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: Yeah all my people drinks drinks coffee. I never did like it I just never did drink it. My husband who he said if anything {NS} {X} back coffee's thinking there's some left in the pot. Interviewer: {NW} 604: {NW} Uh not me drink coffee. Never did. {NS} Interviewer: Did you have a very large family that you grew up? 604: Uh-huh there's twelve. Twelve children Mother and Daddy made fourteen a family. but the baby died when he was seven months old. He had uh I believe he said he had whooping cough and developed pneumonia with it and he died. and he died on Christmas. and my Daddy lived to be eighty years old. He died on Christmas and he was two years older than my Mother and she lived to be eighty years old. She died on Christmas. {NW} Christmas always just puts a little sad #1 feeling ya know? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 604: #1 In ya # Interviewer: #2 I could # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: Especially if there's somebody sick. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Sounds like your family was just a 604: There's eight girls and four boys. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: The baby was a boy there's just three boys that lived to be grown. They all dead now but four. I got a sister out of there. She's eighty-eight. and uh I'm seventy-eight. I got a brother that lives right across back over there and he's seventy-six. He's younger than I am. I got a sister that lives in {D: Poplarville} and she's eighty-two. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} {NS} 604: Rest of 'em alls gone off. Interviewer: How would you 604: But I don't have a thing to worry about everyone of 'em was raised in a Christian home and they lived Christian life. Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: So Interviewer: It it sounds to me that that your family was just a I'd say a little above just the 604: Well I wouldn't say we was above nobody. I say though I'm as good as anybody. Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: But I ain't no better than nobody that can get forgiveness. Interviewer: Uh-huh Welp I was thinking in terms of ya know if your family could of well you never had to cook on a fireplace #1 or anything # 604: #2 no # Interviewer: sounds sounds like that you know that even though you had a large family #1 that that # 604: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: you were always comfortable. {D:would} Was that true did 604: yeah just {NS} Never did have no trouble I guess was no {NS} to get out and work. Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: Make a living and make it honest. Interviewer: Uh-huh Was that 604: Now when we was all kids we'd pick cotton for other people. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 604: #2 We'd # uh mother could take us children out in the field and pick a bale of cotton a day and that was when they was about eighteen hundred pound to the bale. Course they improved the cotton you know and got to where it's {NS} they call it half and half and um {NS} but uh she could take us {NS} get out in the field and pick a bale of cotton a day for people. {NS} Back then they didn't get much for picking but we could buy our own school books and Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: get us new dress or two and things like that with our cotton picking money. We's just kids. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: and of course we'd I don't know always raised eight or ten bale. {NS} Interviewer: Most people in in this community {NS} do work like that and #1 did everyone # 604: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: ya know support #1 themselves? # 604: #2 They did. # {NS} Way back now ya know uh it's all together different. They all work away from home just about it and Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Everybody can hold a job was off somewhere working. Back then we all worked at home. Interviewer: Where do most people work nowadays? Is it oil field? 604: Men works in the oil fields and on these highways and uh in machine shops and in these air condition places and uh making that air condition Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: ya know and uh the women works in factories and hospitals and just something. Interviewer: yeah 604: In factories where they made clothes and things ya know? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They don't nobody stay home much no more. Interviewer: Yeah What kind of um we were talking about boats um what kind of boat would you go fishing on in a small lake? What what that boat be like? What are some different #1 types of boats like? # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # Ah I just don't know I never rode in a {NS} boat and I don't want one. I I can't swim and I don't wanna get in a boat but uh they have boats for all these little ol' ponds around. Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: Folks going to and from they have these electric uh boats and they have the ones that they paddle ya know in the water Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: move around where they please {NS} Call 'em just boats Interviewer: #1 yeah # 604: #2 I call 'em # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # Most of 'em nows got a big motor hung on to their {NS} {X} Interviewer: um The thing that that a women would would wear over a dress in the kitchen you'd call that a? 604: A apron. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay # Interviewer: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and um to sign your name in ink you'd use a? 604: A pen. Interviewer: and um to hold a baby's diaper in place you'd use a? {NS} 604: uh gotta have a bag now and not a bag but a uh one of these old plastic things you put 'em in when you take 'em off of 'em wet ya know {X} and then carry 'em to the washing machine. Interviewer: but um when you're #1 putting # 604: #2 {X} # Interviewer: putting the diaper on the baby 604: oh Interviewer: You fasten it together with a 604: pins Interviewer: okay 604: Safety pins. Interviewer: and um soup that you buy usually comes in a can made out of 604: soup Interviewer: uh-huh 604: tin Interviewer: okay and a dime is worth 604: A dime is worth ten cents. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 and um # 604: #2 {NW} # supposed to be but it don't go nowhere no more #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What um what would a man wear to church on Sunday? 604: Well he's supposed to wear a suit if he wants to dress up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: in the summertime wear a shirt and pants #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: what ya call it Interviewer: What um any other name for pants? 604: Britches. Interviewer: Okay #1 Does that # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that mean the same thing? 604: Huh? Interviewer: Does that mean the same thing? 604: Ya huh. Interviewer: What um what would a man say if he were working out in in round the barn? 604: Overalls. Interviewer: Mm-kay. and um you mentioned a suit um a suit would consist of a what pants and then the 604: Coat Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: Shirt a tie Interviewer: What about a long time ago they used to also wear a closed sleeveless? thing that they'd put on on over their shirt just before they put their coat on? 604: Oh a jacket. Interviewer: Okay 604: {NW} Oh that's been so long {X} Interviewer: {NW} 604: wearing them things Interviewer: Yeah say um that coat won't fit this year but last year it what perfectly? 604: Now say it again. Interviewer: I said that coat won't fit me this year but last year it 604: Oh well just got to large or you fell off Interviewer: uh-huh 604: lost weight #1 gained weight # Interviewer: #2 so you say # 604: lost weight Interviewer: uh-huh 604: if it don't fit. Interviewer: But you say last year it it what perfectly? last year it how'd you say that? 604: Woulda had the suit that just fit him fine. I guess I would say {NW} I don't know what you would say. Interviewer: and say if if a man had an important interview and his clothes weren't in very good shape you'd say he'd have to go out and buy a? 604: A suit. Interviewer: Okay and and it wouldn't be old it would be a? #1 brand # 604: #2 new one # Interviewer: Huh? 604: A new one. Interviewer: A new what? 604: Suit. Interviewer: {X} You said he he has to go out and a brand 604: new suit. Interviewer: Okay 604: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 and um # Say if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them? 604: Oh my goodness just ruins your shape and figure. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: {NW} makes it look awful. Interviewer: But what do you say it does to the pockets it makes them? 604: Bulge out. Interviewer: okay and you say well that shirt used to fit me 'til I washed it then it? 604: {X} Interviewer: or another word you might use? I washed it and it? 604: Faded out. Interviewer: but a word meaning drawed up? 604: Drawed up oh it just got too little for me. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you say it {X} or {X} or shrink? 604: Shrinked? Interviewer: yeah 604: {NW} Yeah some kind of material is like that. It will shrink. Interviewer: Uh-huh So you'd say I washed 604: if you especially if you put it in hot water Interviewer: uh-huh So you say I washed it and it? 604: shrink Interviewer: and um say seems like every shirt I wash recently has 604: shrunk Interviewer: Okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um if a if a women likes to put on good clothes and spend a lot of time in front of the mirror you'd say she likes to? 604: Primp Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 604: Yeah They was some of 'em that primped like women do. Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} and uh what did you use to carry coins in? 604: Purse I guess. Interviewer: Mm-kay. and um what's something that a a women might wear around her wrist? Bracelet or uh Mm-kay. {NS} and uh what did men used to wear to hold their pants? 604: Suspenders Interviewer: Any other name for that? 604: galluses Interviewer: Okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um what about something that you'd hold over you when it rains? 604: Umbrella Interviewer: Is there any other name for that? 604: Parasol Interviewer: Is is that the same thing? 604: Uh-huh parasol and umbrella Interviewer: and um what do people call it now? 604: I don't know. Interviewer: Which which word would you be more likely to use that? 604: Parasol Interviewer: okay and um the last thing that you put on the bed when you make it up? 604: Spread Interviewer: #1 What's # 604: #2 bedspread # Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you remember something that people used to make? 604: On the beds? Interviewer: that's a a bedspread sort of thing that people would would sew together by #1 hand? # 604: #2 quilts # Interviewer: What's that like huh? Are there different types of quilts? 604: Lotta different types of quilts. Interviewer: What are some of the types? 604: Well there's some fancy ones and some that's just made out of anything {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: um I got some I'd like to show you before you leave. Some I made. Interviewer: I'd like to see them. 604: {NW} Interviewer: Did do you still make them much? 604: No I hadn't made none {X}. for {X} years. I used to makes lots of 'em you that's the way we mostly paid for our church over here. We made quilts and sold 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: paid for the church. paid a lot on it Interviewer: Are there different ways to make 'em like um say 604: You can make 'em on machinery or sew 'em with your fingers. Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: We made 'em needle and thread Interviewer: Do you ever see quilts that are sort of tied together? instead of There are all these {X} 604: I never have seen those. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: Looks like that. Interviewer: Do you ever um hear of a county? 604: Counter? Interviewer: {X} thing or counterfeit? 604: Counterpane? That's a bedspread. Interviewer: What's What is that like? Is that something that? 604: A counterpane? Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: Well it's just a a bedspread like they used to make long time ago. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They don't make 'em no more they make bedspreads now. #1 They used # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 604: to make counterpanes. Interviewer: And um up at the head of the bed you put your head on a? 604: Pillow Interviewer: Do you remember that looks longer than a pillow? 604: Uh-huh boat. boaster? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: {NW} Interviewer: What was that like? 604: It was just a long pillow it went all the way across. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um {NS} say if you had a a lot of company over and didn't have enough beds for the children you might make a 604: pallet Interviewer: okay and um what kinds of lands land did you have on on a farm? 604: Land? Interviewer: mm-hmm what different types? 604: Well we have a something they call it too stiff to plant some things in and some that's sandy Interviewer: mm-hmm what do you mean too stiff? 604: Well it it's where the water all stand a good long time and make it hard when it dries out. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh sandy land ya know you can always work that it's not too hard Interviewer: What do you call land that that's real good for for planting? 604: Well it's been highly fertilized or {NS} it's uh uh good soil like um Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you ever hear low? 604: a what? Interviewer: Low kind of soil 604: Oh yeah I've heared that that's what I call sandy land. {NW} Interviewer: But what's that? 604: Sandy land? Interviewer: I mean what what do you call sandy land? 604: That's what I call it. Sandy land. I don't call it this like you called it. #1 They just # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about um flat low land a- along the #1 street? # 604: #2 Ya that's # what I call stiff. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um you call 604: It's uh some ya know there's some clay and there's some uh it's um I call it crawfishing. It's low and they uh It's stiff no crawfish will mate. {NS} Great big ol' {NS} {X} Stiff land I guess you'd call it. Interviewer: Did you ever speak to bottom land or #1 low land or # 604: #2 uh-huh # Bottom land's that kinda stiff low land. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Unless it's got sand washed in it. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um a field that might not be good for anything besides raising grass or clove or {X}? 604: It may fit for nothing but pasture. Interviewer: Okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: And um what about land that's got water standing in it most of the time? 604: Drowned out ya crop. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would you call that anything we- well you mentioned a crawfishy land. 604: uh-huh it's kind of crawfishy. Interviewer: Any- anything else? 604: Stiff I guess you would call it. Stiff land. Interviewer: What about swamp or marsh or? 604: Swampy land's where it's uh ya know where the trees used to grow thick. water run through it Interviewer: mm 604: things like that marshy land is where they been old pondy places and it's dried away it's down in the marsh. Interviewer: Oh I see. um what what's marsh is that 604: It's uh {NS} well it had been underwater in time. Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: But it's um maybe been ditched off or something ya know and then that's marshy land left down there. Interviewer: What do you mean ditched off? 604: Ya know {X} a place where the water to run out of it. Interviewer: What do you say when you that you're doing when you did that? 604: Ditching it? Interviewer: uh-huh you you say #1 you wanted # 604: #2 you just # cut a ditch down there for the water to run off. Interviewer: uh-huh Would you say drain or drain? 604: Well yeah that's what it does when ya cut a ditch it drains out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. and um what about something say say if you had a real heavy rain and the the rain it the water cut 604: The ground up. Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: It's uh washed away. Interviewer: mm-hmm What if it it continues to do that for a long time and you have a 604: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. what's is a gully something very big? 604: Well it'd be small or big. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something along the the side of a a road for 604: ditches Interviewer: Okay and um Do you know anything about um well say um a a small rising land you'd call a? 604: A hill. Interviewer: Okay. and um any other names for for types of hills or? 604: It's a small hill that's little hill over there and the big hill and the uh then it gets on up to where it's a mountain and it's {NW} and it gets back down in the flat to where it's a water stay in there. Interviewer: mm-hmm you say to open a door you'd take hold of the door 604: knob? Interviewer: Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? knob or know or? 604: Oh yeah well that we never did use but then I know what you mean. Interviewer: mm-hmm and um when you talk about a mountain the rocky side of the mountain it drops off real sharp like 604: paved off like Interviewer: yeah say somebody jumped over the 604: oh bluff the mountain. Interviewer: Okay what what about another word for that? say if it's a bluff can just go straight down ya know? 604: yeah Interviewer: if it come hangs over sort of and {X} a cliff? 604: A cliff? #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: oh yeah. Interviewer: and several of those would be several? 604: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Several what? 604: Uh going up the cliff to that top of the mountain. Interviewer: uh-huh. and um a place where boats stop {NS} freights are unloaded 604: for freights unloaded? Interviewer: uh-huh? Well where boats stop 604: Oh boats. Down at the harbor or anchor or what Interviewer: What's what's a harbor? 604: It's over there where they uh boats all parks. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: {NW} Interviewer: okay And um what kinds of roads do you have around here? 604: Roads? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: We have um paved roads and we have uh uh gravel roads and we have dirt roads. {NS} That's about it. Interviewer: What would you call a um 604: Black top roads. Interviewer: Black top roads? What's what's that made with? 604: Uh asphalt. Interviewer: mm-kay and um what about that black sticky stuff that has a pretty strong smell? 604: Well concrete uh Interviewer: It's kind of like asphalt I guess. 604: yeah Interviewer: or something that maybe that you you use to put on on animals say if if you horse or something had a cut on 'em you'd put some of this black stuff on call that? 604: {NW} {NW} Can't think. What is it? Interviewer: {X} tar. 604: What tar? Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Do they use that in in roads? 604: Think they do. Interviewer: What um What'd you call a little road that goes off the main road? 604: A little dirt road. Interviewer: Okay. and um suppose you came well to to the road that that turns off of the public road and then goes down to a man's house? 604: Gravel road. Interviewer: okay the 604: or concrete. Interviewer: Uh-huh but the the turns off the the road that turns off the the main road and leads to a person's house 604: I just call it a road. {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay and um what if if a road has um trees on both sides of it? 604: Uh-huh They all do. {NW} {X} part of the country Interviewer: yeah Would ya have a special name for a road that's that's so small that uh just one car could go on it at a time? 604: Just near about a path huh. Interviewer: okay and um say a road from um from the house to the barn just big enough to drive drive ya truck over {NS} 604: I don't know we don't have one we just got the whole yard out there. Interviewer: yeah 604: {NW} Interviewer: and something along the side of the street for people to walk on? 604: Sidewalk Interviewer: Okay and um say if you were walking along the road and an animal jumped out and and scared you, you might pick up a? 604: Rock Interviewer: Okay you say I picked up the rock and I 604: Chunk it Interviewer: Okay 604: Hit him or something. Interviewer: and um say if you went to someone's house and knock on the door and no one answered you'd say well I guess they're not 604: Not home. Interviewer: Okay and say someone came to to um visit say a man's wife and he he met the person out in the yard he might tell her um well she's what the house? she's 604: She's in the house. Interviewer: Okay or she's what the kitchen making some cookies 604: {X} Interviewer: She's 604: What all ya might tell if #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: Tell him where she's at #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay # and um talking about coffee um you say some people 604: Likes coffee and some don't. Interviewer: Okay 604: I don't. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 and um # 604: {NW} Interviewer: talk about putting milk in your coffee then you say some #1 people # 604: #2 {X} # Some folks puts milk in it and some put sugar and um some don't put any. Interviewer: What do you call it when they don't put anything in it? 604: Drink it black. Interviewer: Okay and um you say some people will eat cornflakes dry but most people might like them 604: Milk on 'em. Interviewer: Huh? 604: Milk and sugar on 'em. Interviewer: Okay so most people like cornflakes how? 604: With milk and sugar. Interviewer: okay and um say if you've gone to town and and happen to see a friend of yours that you hadn't counted on seeing you say well this morning I just have to run? 604: into {X} or somebody like that. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and um if a child's given the same that her mother has you say they named the child 604: After its mother. Interviewer: okay and um talking about kinds of animals now {NS} the kind of animal that that barks 604: Dog Interviewer: Okay and if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you say? {NW} Sic 'em {X} okay Would you whistle something to him? 604: Uh-huh Just whistle to him or say go get him. Interviewer: uh-huh and um What different types of dogs are there? 604: Oh I don't know. They just all kind of hounds. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {NW} Interviewer: What do you mean a hound? What's a hound? 604: It's a just an ol' dog. That's a dog. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: They're bulldogs and shepherds and hounds and uh all kind. Interviewer: What would what about those real #1 small things? # 604: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # uh beagles Interviewer: But those those real real small noisy dogs that 604: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 people # keep in their houses. 604: Oh I know. uh I just call 'em dogs I just can't stand a dog in the house. No I wouldn't {X} {X} my friend to come bring a dog. Not that has to get in my house. Interviewer: Yeah 604: I don't have dogs and cats in the house. {NW} Interviewer: {X} Thanks to me our dogs are practically part of the family. 604: {NW} I know some that'll just pick up little dog. {X} I can't stand that. {X} get on my bed like does some folks I'd be washing everyday. Interviewer: {NW} 604: Everyday I couldn't stand that. and I change if dog get up on me I could change my clothes right then. Oo I can't stand dogs. {NW} Interviewer: Well well you just hadn't met my dog. 604: uh-uh Interviewer: Um what about a a little um mixed breed dog you don't know what kind he is Would you have a name for that? Well what about a a 604: {X} dogs Interviewer: A worthless dog? 604: He ain't no good. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Just no count for nothing. Interviewer: okay and say if you had a real mean dog you might say um 604: It bites you. {NS} Interviewer: and you say yesterday he 604: Bit somebody. Interviewer: okay say that person had to go to the doctor after he got 604: Bit Interviewer: would you ever um say dog bit 604: uh-huh Interviewer: Someone got dog bit? 604: Got dog bit. Interviewer: uh-huh and um the kind of in a herd of cattle what do you call the male? 604: Bulls Interviewer: okay was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 604: Uh-uh {NW} We called 'em magnolias. I don't know what made us {X} Daddy just got us to called 'em that. Interviewer: Magnolia? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: For the bull? 604: uh-huh We hear no magnolia {X} You know we can hear {X}. Interviewer: Was that um now magnolia was that a name for one particular bull or? 604: No uh-uh just always the bull. We called them magnolias. You know there are magnolia trees and Interviewer: uh-huh 604: {X} and things. Interviewer: How did you ever get that name? 604: I don't know. That's why I say I guess me mother and daddy just didn't wanna us say bull ya know? Interviewer: uh-huh 604: and that just taught us that as magnolia. Interviewer: Was that just something that that your family calls 'em #1 or # 604: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # {X} Interviewer: That's unusual I never heard that before. 604: {NW} They didn't let us say things that was embarrassing to 'em ya know? Interviewer: mm-hmm You know what other people called it? who They didn't wanna say bull but 604: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They didn't say # 604: they just called bull {X} {X} Interviewer: what um What about the the animals that um that that you'd plow with might be? 604: Horses Interviewer: or 604: mules or Interviewer: okay and if you had two of those hitched together 604: It's a {X}. Interviewer: okay and um a little cow when it's first born is called a? 604: calf Interviewer: and the the female's called a? 604: calf Interviewer: okay and the male? 604: calf Both calves. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: When they come here. Interviewer: When they what? 604: When they first come here they're Interviewer: #1 calves # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: got to grow into being a bull or a heifer. Interviewer: {NW} Okay and um If you had a cow that was gonna have a calf you'd say your cow was going to? what? 604: uh bring a calf or {X} She's springing like she's gonna bring a calf Interviewer: #1 ya know # Interviewer: #2 okay # 604: she's showing a Interviewer: and um the thing um talking about horses now the females called a 604: A horse and uh the other is called a mare. Interviewer: uh-huh The male is called a horse? 604: Horse. Interviewer: Any other names for him? 604: Stud. Interviewer: Was was that word nice to use or? 604: uh-uh {NW} We just called 'em horses. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: We didn't say stud. Interviewer: yeah 604: but some folks did. Interviewer: Say if if you were riding a horse and you couldn't stay on you say you fell 604: uh-huh Interviewer: what the horse? 604: Fell off the horse. Interviewer: Okay say a child went to sleep in bed woke up found himself on the floor in the morning say I guess I must have 604: I rolled off the bed. Interviewer: Okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um {NS} {NS} the things that you put on a horse's feet 604: shoes Interviewer: Okay or the full name of that {NS} is Did did you know a game that that they'd play with those? 604: Mm-hmm play with horseshoes. Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever see instead of using horseshoes um that they'd use rings? 604: No I don't {X} ever did. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: I seen 'em play dollar with dollars ya know and then I play seen 'em play with horseshoe. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Bring the thing that ya stick up out there bring it with horseshoes. Interviewer: I see and um parts of the horse's feet that ya put the shoes onto would be called a 604: hoof Interviewer: and in all a a horse would have 604: hooves Interviewer: huh 604: All horses would have hooves. Interviewer: Okay and um 604: Mules and horses and jennies and jacks and {NW} Interviewer: You have some some jennies or jacks around here don't you? 604: {X} the two out there. Interviewer: What do you use 'em for? 604: They plow. They don't {X} here. They they plow their gardens with 'em. Interviewer: Why do they use those? 604: They good. They plow just like a plow horse and they don't take a lotta room to turn 'em around. #1 ya know # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: in the garden. Interviewer: I thought they were pretty hard to to get them to do anything. 604: {NW} I don't know but that's what they use 'em for. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever have sheep? 604: Uh-uh Interviewer: Do you know what people do have sheep for? 604: Uh-huh the wool. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: and a lots of folks eats lamb. Interviewer: I don't see how people could do that. 604: Huh? Interviewer: I don't see how they could do that. 604: I don't eat it. Don't want me no lamb. Interviewer: um 604: I've heared a lamb chops and lamb legs and {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 604: and I don't want it. and I don't want no goat either. Interviewer: You never ate goats? 604: uh-uh Interviewer: Even after you raised them? 604: My Daddy had some one time he didn't keep 'em long but he had some he never eat 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 604: We would. Interviewer: What do you call the the female sheep? 604: Uh {X} Interviewer: mm-kay and what about the male? 604: No {X} no buck. Interviewer: mm-kay Was that word nice to use? 604: I think so. Interviewer: You never really talked about #1 sheep much I don't get? # 604: #2 uh-uh # We didn't have no trouble with sheep. {NW} Interviewer: um talking bout hogs uh when it's first born it's called a? 604: pig Interviewer: and then when it gets older it's a 604: shoat Interviewer: bout how how big does it have to be to be a shoat? 604: A well about time it weans. Interviewer: mm-hmm and um 604: shoats Interviewer: Then after that the female's called a? 604: A gilt. and a an old sow Interviewer: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: {X} little boy hog. {NS} boar Interviewer: uh-huh Was that word boar not nice to use? 604: No we didn't use it. {X} Interviewer: People use that much now? 604: I think so they you know then say anything now. Interviewer: Yeah 604: Boo hoo. Interviewer: {NW} Say if if ya had a pig that you didn't you didn't want to grow up to be a boar what would you say you were gonna do to him? 604: Trim him. Interviewer: Mm-kay Would you use that same word talking about a horse? 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about a tom cat? 604: Yeah I guess so. Interviewer: Okay and um say if um after he'd been trimmed then he'd be a? 604: Just a a horse. Interviewer: We're talking bout the 604: Oh uh #1 he'd be a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: {X} Interviewer: okay and um the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back 604: bristles Interviewer: Okay and those long teeth 604: um {NS} it's got hmm tusks. Interviewer: mm-kay 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um Do you have any names for a hog that's grown up wild? 604: Wild hog. Interviewer: uh-huh did anything else? {X} or ridge runner? 604: Yeah {X} hog {X} rooter or anything you want to call it it's out in the woods. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 um # 604: #2 I # would just call it a wild hog. {NW} Interviewer: The noise that that a cat makes when it's being weaned you'd say the cat began to? 604: Wean the calves. Interviewer: uh-huh what the noise that a cat makes? 604: They {X}. Interviewer: Okay 604: {X} and {X} and Interviewer: What are So are these all different noises? 604: uh-uh {X} Interviewer: uh-huh What about the noise that a cow makes at feeding time? 604: {X} Interviewer: mm-kay and the noise that a horse makes? 604: He'll uh whicker. Interviewer: Okay A hen on a nest of eggs would be called a 604: sitting hen. Interviewer: and where do you keep your hens? Well if you had place built for 'em. 604: In a chicken house. Interviewer: mm-kay What about a place just for the mother hen and and the chicks? 604: A coop. Interviewer: What did that look like? 604: Well different people makes different looking ones. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 604: #2 {NW} # {NW} Oh you can uh make you a pen {X} Put 'em in it. Some of 'em uh has ends to 'em like cat strips across here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: The biggest can get out and no hen's gonna stay in there #1 to let # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: babies is big enough to follow ya know and then let 'em go. Interviewer: mm-hmm and you know when you're eating chicken that the bone this like this 604: mm-hmm #1 Fortune bone # Interviewer: #2 What's that? # huh? 604: Pulley bone. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Fortune bone or what you wanna #1 call it # Interviewer: #2 fortune bone? # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: Some folks calls it fortune bone I always call it pulley bone. Interviewer: uh-huh Are there why is called fortune bone? 604: Oh you know they used to a long time ago claim that if you pull a fortune bone the one got the short side Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: If you stick it up over the door if it was a girl got it the first boy comes under that'd be ya husband. {X} {NW} If it was a girl that'd be ya wife if it was a boy ya know put it up there #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 604: {X} {X} Wasn't nothing to it. Interviewer: Did they um 604: They just called it fortune bones. Interviewer: uh-huh Did they call that short short piece anything? That they put up over the door? 604: No {D: nots} I know of. Interviewer: okay and um the inside parts of a pig or a calf that you eat Was do you have just a general name for for them or? 604: For the cows? Interviewer: #1 the the inside # 604: #2 the beef cow # Interviewer: Yeah the the inside parts that you eat. 604: Such as a liver? Interviewer: mm-hmm what else? 604: Uh that's about all I ever ate and I don't care for that. {X} They have chitlins out of hogs and I Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: don't like that. Interviewer: Wha- what's a chitlins? 604: It's the guts. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {NW} and uh people eats uh {X} and they call it {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and they eat uh uh {X} and call it {X} uh yeah liver and {X} and Interviewer: #1 Is this this is all # 604: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # {X} it's in That's uh I call it a spleen. {NW} Interviewer: You talking about a hog or 604: No #1 cat # Interviewer: #2 cat # cat you eat the the liver and {X} in a cow? 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: I don't but ya know people does they sell #1 it # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: at the market. Well I guess I just kind cruise about my evening Interviewer: {NW} what um Do you ever see a hog butchered? 604: Oo yeah Interviewer: how how would they do that? 604: They'd shoot it or knock it in the head and then they stick it with a knife in its throat and let it bleed all it would. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then uh put the ones it kills usually knows where to hit the right vein to let the blood all come out hog Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then they take it and put it in a barrel of water and scald it Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: scape the hair all off of it then hang it up and cut the {NS} intestines out. Interviewer: mm-hmm What what meat would you have? How would you divide that up? 604: Well you cut the hog in two and uh you get the backbone out Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then ya take the shoulders off and then the hands off and It's then you have the middlings they called 'em. Interviewer: What's that? 604: That's those whole side of the hog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: That they make bacon out of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: and uh Some folks take a a leaves the ribs in it and some folks takes the ribs out. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you um when you talk about bacon or um Well what are you talking about exactly? Are you talking about something that's already been sliced or? 604: We didn't have it sliced. No you don't have it. the whole side You can have it uh cured Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then you'd have it cut just as much as you want. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Sliced into bacon. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} {NS} what um {NS} What do you call the outside part that edge that 604: skin Interviewer: okay and um {NS} what kind of of meat might you use to boil with greens? 604: bacon Interviewer: mm-hmm What if it's got more fat to it than bacon does? 604: uh-huh Well if it's got more fat than it has {X} well that's just just boil that in vegetables to season it. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you call that? 604: I call it bacon. Interviewer: mm-hmm I'm thinking of the- there are other kinds of things that you might use like um fat salt pork or something 604: Yeah well it's all uh bacon. Salt pork is bacon Interviewer: uh-huh 604: and uh dried pork is bacon. {NW} and uh fats is just what ya cook out {X} uh cracklins Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh get the fat out of it and that makes grease. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would you ever talk about um side meat or salt belly or fat backs? 604: Yeah they called it all that I just called all bacon that's all the same piece. Interviewer: uh-huh what what are those other words that that people use for 604: bacon? Interviewer: Yeah besides bacon what else are they called? 604: bellies I don't know they call it that or not. Interviewer: uh-huh um then you might take um take the trimmings and and slice 'em up and grind 'em and season it and 604: Make sauces. Interviewer: okay and uh what do you call the man that sells the meat? 604: uh man that works in the market? #1 is um # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: I don't know. Works at the slaughter house uh Interviewer: What would you call a man that slaughters the meat? 604: Butcher I guess. {NS} Interviewer: and if meat's been kept too long you say that the meat is 604: rancid Interviewer: okay or but the meat has 604: {X} spoiled Interviewer: okay and What can you make with the meat from the hog's head? 604: Uh hog head {X} #1 cheese # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: Some folks called it hog head cheese and some calls it {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is there anything made by cooking and grinding up the liver? 604: I don't know unless it's gravy. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you ever hear of anything being made out of the blood? 604: bladder Interviewer: The blood 604: Oh no never have Interviewer: What about um did you ever hear of scrapple or {X} or anything like that? um and suppose you kept butter too long and it didn't taste right 604: It would be rancid. Interviewer: okay and um think sour milk that you keep you call that? 604: claver or buttermilk Interviewer: okay is um talking about the claver is there anything that you make from that? 604: Yeah you make bread with it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Any kind of cheese or something like that? 604: Yeah yeah you'd make cheese too. Interviewer: What kind of cheese? 604: I don't know what you called it. We used to know but uh Interviewer: say um something the first thing you have to do after milking is you have to 604: strain the milk Interviewer: okay and um something baked in a deep dish it's sort of like a a pie well it's got several layers of prune and dough 604: pies Interviewer: uh-huh like you might put down a a layer of dough and then put down some apples and then keep on going 604: Make apple pie or Interviewer: mm-kay and um {NS} What kind of um bread are there? 604: bread? Interviewer: yeah 604: {NW} Well that's kinda Interviewer: What are some kinds that you remember making? for your parents 604: Corn bread and biscuit bread and uh light bread shortening bread Interviewer: What's what's light bread? 604: light bread loaf bread Interviewer: uh-huh What do you put in it to make it rise? 604: Oh ya have to have yeast. Interviewer: mm-hmm um what what else is made out of cornmeal besides cornbread? 604: What ya mean dressing and Interviewer: just 604: chicken or turkey or #1 something # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # but say something that you might um "O" shape in your head like 604: Oh uh ho cakes Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Bake ho cakes Interviewer: uh-huh 604: I've heared of that. Interviewer: How is that made do you remember? Interviewer: {X} they were made from um cornmeal? What what might you make um out of cornmeal to to have with fish? 604: Um What ya call 'em? {NW} I guess I ain't got no sense. Uh What ya call them round things? {NS} {X} Interviewer: {X} 604: Hush puppies. Interviewer: Okay. That that's what what you'd have with the little things? 604: Uh-huh hush puppies. Eat with fried fish. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of corn dodgers? 604: {NS} Yeah I've heared folks call 'em corn dodgers that's just bread. Cornbread's all I ever knowed it #1 to be. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um What about something you'd take use cornmeal and salt and water? then boil it and then 604: Oh I don't know. Interviewer: Makes something sort of soggy that you you could eat with a spoon or something. 604: Grits? No, grits don't have eggs in it. Um Hush puppies? What do you call that? Interviewer: Do you ever heard of mush? 604: Mush yeah I've heared that I never did try cooking mush. Interviewer: uh-huh um you say there there are two kinds of bread the homemade bread then the kind you buy at the store called? 604: It's uh loaf bread that you would get from the store. and homemade bread's biscuit. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 604: {X} you can make uh lot of bread from the at home is about as good as you can buy it already cooked. Interviewer: mm-hmm um what's fried in deep fat with a hole in the center? 604: Oh hmm Some kind a cornbread too I don't Interviewer: um not made out of um corn- cornmeal 604: Oh you talking about doughnuts? Interviewer: Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um what about something that you'd make up a batter of and and fry three or four of these at a time? 604: Uh pancakes? Interviewer: Mm-kay is there any other name for that? 604: uh-huh flitters. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # and um say um the the inside part of the egg it's called a? 604: Yolk. Interviewer: Okay what what color is that? 604: Yellow or white. Which ones the yolk? Interviewer: Which how how do you usually speak speak of the 604: I just break egg and my bread stir it up when I'm making cornbread. Interviewer: okay and um if you cook 'em in hot water what do you call 'em? 604: Oh I don't know. Dumplings. Interviewer: Yup eggs though you cook them in hot water. 604: Oh boiled eggs. Interviewer: Mm-kay and what about if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells in the hot water? Did you ever make anything like that? um and um say if it was time to feed the stock and do your chores you'd say that it was? 604: Getting late we'd better get out there and get through it. {NW} Time to feed the hogs time to feed the cows. It's milking time or something like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: What else? Interviewer: How would you call now now how would you call cows to get 'em in out of the pastures? 604: {X} Interviewer: Would you go ahead and do that? 604: I goes oh come on Interviewer: Go ahead and do it like you're calling them. 604: Oh {NW} {NW} {NW} Interviewer: okay #1 and um # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # Interviewer: What do you say to make 'em stand still so you can milk 'em? 604: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay 604: Back your foot. {NW} Interviewer: You tell 'em back your foot? 604: uh-huh {C: laughing} Interviewer: Do you do you hit 'em then on the #1 leg? # 604: #2 Just # {NS} just push ya hand again and say back foot and they'll put it back Interviewer: and uh how do you call a cow? 604: Well {X} if you used to talking to it you call her by her name She'll come. Interviewer: Mm-hmm a calf you mean? 604: Oh calf I call them {D: soo cow soo cow soo cow} Interviewer: Okay {C: laughing} um and what do you say to a mule or horse to make them turn left and right? 604: Gee and haw. Interviewer: Which is which? 604: Gee is to the left to the right and haw's to the left. Interviewer: mm-kay and how do you call horses? 604: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear anyone call 'em? 604: I've heared 'em holler for 'em somewhere another but I don't remember what how they'd call them Interviewer: You ever heard coke or {X} or 604: Yeah I've heared folks say coke coke coke getting there horses to come Interviewer: uh-huh What would you say to a horse to to get 'em started? 604: Get up Interviewer: okay and what if he's moving and you want him to go faster? 604: Get up Interviewer: mm-kay and how do you stop 'em 604: Whoa Interviewer: and um to back them into a buggy? 604: Just take 'em by the bits and back 'em in {NW} {NW} back 'em in between the {X} Interviewer: Is there anything you say to 'em? 604: Mm-hmm back up Interviewer: mm-kay and how do you call a hog? 604: Pig Interviewer: mm-kay and um could you do that like like you're doing one like you're calling him 604: Pig pig pig {NW} Interviewer: #1 and um # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about sheep? 604: I don't know. Interviewer: you never had 604: uh-uh never had no Interviewer: What about chickens? 604: Call chickens {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay and um say if you wanna get the horses ready to go somewhere Go saddle him up or go ride Go put the {X} on him and bring him in let's harness him up okay and um when you're riding a horse you guide him with the 604: uh the reins Interviewer: mm-kay 604: to ride Interviewer: and your your feet are in the 604: stirrup Interviewer: and um {NS} When you're plowing the the trench sort of thing that the plow cuts is called the what 604: plow Interviewer: yeah but the thing that the plow cuts 604: Oh the handles to the {X} Interviewer: yeah but but in the ground the 604: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # the little trench or ditch sort of thing 604: off road i call it little uh plows the plows is called um scooter plows Interviewer: but that the thing that it it um it digs out this trench you don't call it a trench you call it a 604: oh You don't call it a road huh? Interviewer: think about fur 604: Oh they gotta foot to put the plow on. Interviewer: uh-huh I was thinking about furrow 604: Furs is Interviewer: furrow 604: oh fur yeah you plow fur Interviewer: uh-huh what what is a fur exactly? how would you describe 604: Well um it's kinda you if you're plowing your garden you'll plow down this side the row and throw the fur up to the {X} to the vegetable whatever you want and then you come back the other side throw fur from that side and that covers it all up except the vegetable it's sticking out at ya Interviewer: mm I see {NS} and uh when you're plowing with two horses what do you call the one that walks in the furrow? 604: Two horses Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Never plowed two {NW} I never had plowed two. but uh what you'd call it Interviewer: Seeing that lead horse or horse or line horse or something like that 604: I don't know. I don't know nothing about plowing. I never plowed. {NW} Interviewer: you say I don't know exactly how far away it is but it's just a a little 604: on the horse? Interviewer: no say talking about distance say if I ask you how far it is to Baxterville you might say well it's just a little 604: uh-huh little piece over there Interviewer: okay and um say if you'd been taking a trip somewhere and you stopped for lunch you might tell others now we can't stay here long because we still have a 604: good long ways to go Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um if something was real common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you can find that just about 604: anywhere Interviewer: and if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say fell over 604: oh fell backwards Interviewer: this way would be 604: front Interviewer: or not backward 604: forwards forwards Interviewer: okay and um {NS} say if you got rid of all the the brush and trees on your land you say you 604: got it cleared Interviewer: okay and um weed is tied up into a 604: Bundle Interviewer: okay and then the bundles are piled up into a 604: I never been in a whet field wheat field in my life but I guess they carry it to the mill. Interviewer: uh-huh um what {X} what do you have to do with those to separate the grain from the rest of it? You have to thresh it. okay and um say you might take a milk or cream and mix that with sugar and {X} and pour it over pie You'd call that a 604: {D:filler} Interviewer: huh 604: a filler Interviewer: okay but um you know you might just take some sweet liquid and pour it over pudding or pie you don't do that 604: {X} {X} Interviewer: Say if you were real thirsty um You might go to the sink and get yourself a 604: Drink of water. Interviewer: or if you'd you'd pour the water into a 604: glass Interviewer: okay and you say that glass fell off the sink and 604: broke Interviewer: They say so somebody has what that glass somebody has 604: Stepped on it or broke it or Interviewer: okay and you say but I didn't mean to 604: hurt didn't mean to break it Interviewer: okay and food taken regular meals you'd call that 604: Just snacking or Interviewer: okay um and um say if if dinner was on the table and a family was standing around waiting to begin What would you say to them 604: Tell 'em to come on let's get through. Interviewer: or if you're standing around the table you tell 'em to 604: Hit the sails. Interviewer: okay and um if someone offered you some food that you didn't want you might say 604: Thank ya I wouldn't care for it. Interviewer: okay now if food's been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been 604: Warmed over Interviewer: and you say you put food in your mouth and then you 604: Can't swallow it Interviewer: okay or if 604: #1 Oh you chew it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # okay and um peas and carrots and beets and so forth you call those 604: vegetables Interviewer: and um you'd grow them in a 604: garden Interviewer: and um you might take um corn and and take some {X} water and 604: Make {X} Interviewer: okay and um did you ever hear anything about people making whiskey themselves 604: I heard 'em bout making whiskey but I don't know how they do it Interviewer: Do you know what they call that whiskey when they make it themselves? 604: Whiskey still um Interviewer: If they called whiskey did that they make 604: uh white lightning Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Just call them whiskey. Interviewer: What about beer? 604: I don't know nothing about it. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people making that themselves? 604: Oh yeah I've heared of it. making it with potatoes and making it with uh uh fruit juices things like that Interviewer: and uh something that that you might pour over pancakes would be 604: syrup Interviewer: okay and you say um this isn't imitation maple syrup it's 604: A homegrown huh Interviewer: or it's gen 604: or what Interviewer: it's not imitation it's 604: It's real. Interviewer: or gen say say if you had a leather belt it would have something on it it'd tell ya that it was made out of leather you'd say that it 604: Genuine leather Interviewer: okay and um something that you might spread on toast in the morning 604: butter Interviewer: okay or 604: um margarine or or jelly Interviewer: okay and um say if there was a {NS} um there were some apples and a child wanted one you'd say 604: He wanted the apple. Interviewer: okay and um you say he doesn't live here he lives 604: Down the next house over cross the branch or up the road or Interviewer: mm-kay 604: just anywhere {NW} Interviewer: and um if you don't have any the opposite of rich is 604: Don't have no what Interviewer: Yeah the opposite of rich is If you don't have any money at all then huh 604: Poor folks Interviewer: okay and um if you have a lot of pastries say you have a peach 604: Uh-huh orchard Interviewer: okay and um the inside of a cherry the part that you don't eat 604: seed Interviewer: What about on a peach? 604: Seed ya don't eat that either. Interviewer: uh-huh and the kind of peach that 604: oh Interviewer: what kind 604: {X} and {X} Interviewer: mm-kay 604: {NW} clean peach or whatever you want to call it clean Interviewer: Clean peach is the same as 604: #1 presses # Interviewer: #2 presses # Mm-hmm what about the part of the apple that you throw away? 604: Seed and the peeling {NW} Interviewer: um 604: Core. Interviewer: core is the same thing as the seed? 604: The core is what holds the seeds you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Ya don't eat that. Interviewer: what um and what kind of nuts go in the ground 604: peanuts Interviewer: Is there any other name for them? 604: mm-hmm uh peanuts and goobers and uh {D: penders} and {NW} Interviewer: Those all the same thing? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: Okay what um What nuts do you have around here? 604: We have peanuts and hickory nuts uh walnuts pecans Interviewer: mm-hmm You know on a walnut they got those two {X} to them? 604: uh-huh One's a little hull on the outside and the uh then the one that's next to the meat is uh a little hard {X} Interviewer: That that nut that you we were talking about earlier what what was that called again? 604: uh uh tongue nut. Interviewer: uh-huh You said that you couldn't eat those 604: No they're poison. They make oil out of 'em. Interviewer: and that that 604: They ain't nothing that eat them not even cows nothing. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of of anyone trying to 604: uh-huh There was a somebody come through here not well about two or three years ago and they found some tongue trees on the highway down {NS} they seen 'em and they just they stopped they got about two a piece for them and their children and they went about four miles they eat them things I don't know how they taste but they eat 'em and they found 'em up there just above Purvis on the road and they didn't know what in the world was a matter {D: no manners} had sense enough to tell 'em that they eat some um nuts they got down the road {X} and they picked 'em up and brought 'em back to the doctor there in Purvis and he said they'd eat tongue nuts so he had to give them some kind of shots to kill that poison. Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} What was the matter with them {X} What were they how they acted when they 604: They just passed out. They just well they went to vomit to start with and vomited 'til they they'd all just passed out but the old man. and he just didn't hardly know nothing they said he's just limber as he could be. {NS} Interviewer: Seems awfully stupid just to eat something you don't know what it is 604: uh-huh Looks like a {X}. I have never have tasted one but they must be been tasting pretty good. Interviewer: I guess. {C:laughing} 604: {X} Interviewer: Enough to make 'em that sick. 604: I know it. Interviewer: What kind of of things do you grow in your garden? Or have you grown in a garden if you don't have one this year. 604: We had um peas and okra and squash watermelons and pepper and uh Interviewer: What about some things that grow 604: turnips lettuce and radish Interviewer: uh-huh 604: um cabbage and collards Oh just all kind of mess Interviewer: You say um ya take your turnips and cook them and make a {X} 604: turnips Make a mess of greens. Interviewer: What others greens do you eat besides turnips? 604: Collards cabbage Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: lettuce and mustard Interviewer: What about {X}? 604: No Oo I'm scared of that poison still. Interviewer: Poke is poison? 604: Oo yeah you have to boil it and take all the juice off of it and then reboil it and Then when you flavor it up to eat it a lotta folks eats that stuff Interviewer: What do they call it when they eat it? 604: uh poke we call it poke salad. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Yeah we don't never fool with it here. We just let it go to seeding. {NW} Fall off Seed for the birds. Interviewer: What um what goes something that's got a strong odor that makes tears come to your eyes goes down in the ground 604: Grows under the ground Interviewer: {X} you pull it up 604: Onions about all I know Interviewer: What about those kind of onions that you eat when they're still young? 604: Green onions Interviewer: mm-kay and um something red that that grows on a bush that you {X} 604: Tomatoes Interviewer: okay you know there's tomatoes that are bigger than that 604: uh-huh It's little plum tomatoes. Interviewer: mm-kay 604: {NW} Interviewer: and the kind of fruit that that grows down in Florida that's about the size of a 604: oh down in the Florida oranges Interviewer: okay say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went to get one there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are 604: gone Interviewer: okay and um say what kind of a beans do you have 604: Well Snap beans Shell beans butter beans and Interviewer: Is there any other name for butter beans? 604: well there different kind of butter beans ya know there's some that makes on vines and then there's some that makes on bushes {NS} bush of 'em and there's some speckled and some white and some large and some small Interviewer: mm-hmm what what about lima beans ? 604: Lima beans is what butter beans. Interviewer: Oh I see 604: {NW} Interviewer: um say if you wanted to get the the beans out of the pods by hand you'd say you had to 604: shell 'em Interviewer: okay and um outside of the ear of corn is called the 604: shell Interviewer: and that that stringy stuff you have to take off 604: Silks Interviewer: and the the thing that grows up at the top of the cornstalk 604: It's a tassel Interviewer: okay and um corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob is called 604: {X} Interviewer: okay and um something that um well you mentioned you had watermelon so there's different kinds of watermelon? 604: mm-hmm There different kinds. yellow ones uh red ones some lime ones a streak in 'em, some green ones I mean some just solid green ya know? on the outside Interviewer: Do they have different names? 604: I reckon so. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of um something that's similar to a watermelon that um 604: Citron A citron? Interviewer: What's that? 604: That's something looks just like a watermelon but you can't tell tell it apart hardly but ya can't cut it hardly Interviewer: Citron 604: Uh-huh citron Make preserves out of them. Then I have the cantaloupes and um marsh melons Interviewer: What's the difference between them? 604: Well uh cantaloupes is little bitty fellers like this. usually Interviewer: just about as 604: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 big as your # 604: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 your # 604: and marsh melons are get to be great big Interviewer: but but they're both round? 604: yeah both round and yellow when ya get them when they're ripe Interviewer: uh-huh And a citron you mentioned is It's real hard to open you say? 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: and it looks like a watermelon? 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a pine melon? 604: mm-hmm They's just about the same thing as a citron. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: They Interviewer: What's the difference? 604: Well it uh citrons is a little harder to cut than pine melon It's the only difference I can tell. Interviewer: You call that a what melon? 604: a pie melon pie melon and a citron Interviewer: A pie like the thing that you eat? 604: They call it pie melon. And it's uh Interviewer: um what about something that would spring up little umbrella shade thing that spring up in the woods or fields after it rains? 604: Uh mushroom Interviewer: okay Can you eat those? 604: uh-uh I don't. {NW} Interviewer: Is there anything similar to that that has a different name ? 604: I don't know. Interviewer: Thinking of toad stool or frog fin. 604: Well that's a mushroom. That uh toad stools. It's a mushroom. Some grows out of the ground and some grows on wood rock and wood and different ways ya know Interviewer: but it's it's all the same thing? 604: It's all same thing Interviewer: And uh 604: All mushrooms. {NS} Interviewer: Say if um if a boy got a whipping you say well I bet he did something he 604: ought not to Interviewer: okay and um if if you're refusing in a very strong way to do something you might say No matter how many times you ask me to do that I just 604: Not going to do it {NW} Interviewer: and um talking about kinds of animals now the kind of bird that can see in the dark 604: I guess it's a bat. Interviewer: okay but what about the one that they can make that scary noise 604: um I don't know uh Them old screech owls. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: make a freezing noise no hoot owls can make a loud noise And the old Think about that about the old howlers at night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what um 604: lot of birds Interviewer: What about the kinda birds that that drills holes in the trees? 604: That's an ol' woodpecker. {NW} a red head uh woodchuck or whatever you wanna call it. Interviewer: um Are there any other kinds of wood- woodpeckers? 604: That's Interviewer: A woodchuck and a woodpecker is the #1 same thing? # 604: #2 uh-huh # Woodchucks woodpeckers and woodhens Interviewer: Is one of 'em male and one the female or? 604: I don't know Interviewer: woodhen and woodchuck? 604: I imagine. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: But there woodhen is a big um bird Interviewer: Oh the woodhen is bigger than the? 604: uh-huh It's the biggest. bird {X} that I know of except uh less it was eagle or crow or buzzard or something like that Interviewer: mm-hmm Have you ever had um woodpeckers called peckerwoods? 604: mm-hmm Some folks calls 'em peckerwoods and some calls 'em woodpeckers. Interviewer: Who calls 'em peckerwoods? 604: I don't know. just a lotta folks Interviewer: uh-huh 604: peckerwoods I heared some peckerwoods down Interviewer: Have you ever heard that word peckerwood being used to talk about people? 604: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: I mean did no one ever say he's just an old #1 that old peckerwood # 604: #2 {X} # just peckerwood Now I imagine I've heared that plenty of times. {NS} Interviewer: Do you know what it it means to 604: It just wasting time I guess. Interviewer: Yeah 604: {NW} Interviewer: um what about a black and white animals that's got a real strong smell 604: Polecat. Interviewer: and um 604: a stunk Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: um 604: polecat or a stunk whatever ya wanna call him he really put out the {NW} scent. Interviewer: um what kinds of talking about um say some animals have been coming and and raiding your hen roost and you didn't know exactly what kind they were You might just say I'm gonna get me a gun and {NS} shoot does what? 604: Whatever it is {NS} stealing my chickens. Interviewer: uh-huh {NW} 604: Except we used to have chickens here and the foxes eat 'em up. Interviewer: Oh really? 604: Mm-hmm. and we had uh some little old {X} and they could rise and fly this down in the swamp there up to the house or they was down in the field down they could rise and fly get away from 'em we kept them pretty good while. There so many of 'em got killed after on the road by cars so we just quit trying to have 'em. Interviewer: did um talking about the animals that would come and kill things like like hens Would you ever have just a general name 604: Fox. and uh they tell me coons will and um wild cats and possums {X} I don't know what else. Interviewer: Would you ever just call 'em varmints? 604: mm-hmm Call 'em varmints Interviewer: What does varmints mean? 604: That's means any kind that comes out of the woods. Interviewer: mm-hmm and um a little bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees 604: squirrels Interviewer: okay what different kinds of squirrels are there? 604: There are red squirrels and gray squirrels here. Interviewer: mm 604: and uh they claim there have been few white ones #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 white squirrels # 604: uh-huh Interviewer: Never heard of those 604: Real white. Interviewer: What's um what about something that looks sort of like a squirrel only he can't climb trees? 604: I don't know unless it be a polecat Interviewer: Mm-hmm Have you ever heard of chipmunk or brown squirrel? 604: Yeah but they can climb trees can't they? chipmunk Interviewer: What what does a chipmunk look like? 604: Just a {X} {NS} just an ol' kind of a squirrel I'd call it Interviewer: mm-hmm is it smaller than a regular squirrel or larger or what? 604: Mm-mm. Yes. Bout the same Interviewer: Uh-huh. and um something that pearls grow in? 604: What now? Interviewer: pearls something you'd get down from the gulf people eat 'em raw sometimes {NW} 604: I reckon you all 'em oysters huh? Interviewer: okay Do you eat those? 604: No Interviewer: {NW} 604: Oh there are several things I can't eat. Just don't eat. I guess I'm just kinda curious. {NW} Lotta folks likes {X} oysters and shrimp and um all that kind of stuff Wouldn't give you four bits for all that's underwater everywhere. Now I can eat fish if they're fresh but don't bring 'em here and put 'em in the deep freeze. I don't want 'em. Interviewer: Do you think that ruins the taste? 604: I don't know I just Reckon it does, it just don't taste right. I can eat 'em when they're fresh yeah I just, I ain't no hog about it. But {X} whenever they uh can you get salmon sardines or what What have you, if it's canned, don't bring 'em to me. {NW} Interviewer: You don't like oysters at all? 604: uh-uh No {NS} Interviewer: um what about something that you might hear making a noise around the pond at night? 604: Frogs {X} {NW} Interviewer: What do you call those big ol' frogs? 604: um We called 'em spring frogs {X} well they A lotta folks eats them old big frogs. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you call 'em spring frogs? 604: I think so. Interviewer: Is there there any other kinds of frogs? 604: Yeah there are the little toad frogs and there are the uh little old um tree frogs and there um Interviewer: Any other name for tree frogs? 604: I don't know. Interviewer: You ever heard of thunder frogs? 604: No. Interviewer: That's another name I think that someone told me that. uh what might you dig up to go fishing with? 604: Uh earthworms Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: So there are different kinds of worms? yeah Earthworms and grub worms ya dig up Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Then you can get {D:sawyers} off old dead logs and and Interviewer: Then you can get what? 604: {D:Sawyers} Interviewer: What's that? 604: That's something right under the bark when a tree falls. and uh gets to where the it gets wormy Interviewer: uh-huh 604: When you peel that ol' bark off get you a bunch of {D:sawyers} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: they look like a grub worm but they real flat heads as flat as a {X} goes under the bark Interviewer: What about 604: real good fish bait Interviewer: What about a a small fish you might use for bait? 604: Minnows Interviewer: mm-kay and um something that little hard shell thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell 604: {NW} Well it's a gophers and terrapins and uh uh Interviewer: Do they stay on land or in water or? 604: Both There some terrapins in the water and there are some hard shells they call 'em on the ground. {C: Lots of noise} {NS} travels on the ground. Interviewer: What about a gopher, what's that like? 604: It's a big ol' hard shelled outfit and he pull his head and legs in too. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is there anything special about him? 604: Not a thing that I know of. He can really make a hole in the ground. Interviewer: Oh he can? 604: I heard that people would eat 'em and I never seen it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. um Name something that talking about insects now and kind of insect that'll fly around a light 604: Ooh horse flies and bees and bumblebees and uh wasps and dirt daubers mosquitoes and all kind of bugs are gathered to a light Interviewer: uh-huh um what about something that builds a stinging insect that builds a a nest sort of 604: Hornets. Interviewer: mm-hmm and um Do dirt daubers sting you? 604: uh-uh They bite but they won't sting. Interviewer: They'll bite? 604: uh-huh They don't don't make no {X} bite Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: but they'll clench ya a little bit Interviewer: yeah 604: and a wasp will really stick it to ya yellow jacket Interviewer: What where does a yellow jacket build its nest? 604: In the ground Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh what about something that flies around a light at if you grab it powder would come off in your hand 604: light Interviewer: uh-huh an insect if you grab this insect 604: butterfly Interviewer: okay and um so something that's similar to a butterfly but not quite the same thing 604: um these old uh catalpa trees out here has uh uh a big ol' things like butterflies but their bodies bigger than a butterfly Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and they lay eggs on them leaves and {NS} first thing ya know the trees just eat up the worms Interviewer: What do you call those things 604: {NS} The catalpa worms. Interviewer: Oh the things that that {NS} like a butterfly 604: We'll call 'em catalpa flies. Interviewer: mm-hmm um what about something that'll get in your wool clothes? 604: um 604: little ol' blue fish {NS} and little old uh moths and Interviewer: That was a what? 604: A moth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 604: little other things that'll cut up wool clothes Interviewer: uh-huh What about something that, that has light in its tail? 604: Lightning bug. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um a long thin-bodied insect that's got two pairs of shiny wings 604: Mosquitoes I, mosquito hawks. Interviewer: Okay. Is there any other name for them? That you ever have? Snake something? 604: Mosquito hawks all I ever heard 'em called. Interviewer: And a little {NW} insect that would get in your skin if you went blackberry picking. 604: Redbugs. Interviewer: Okay. 604: And ticks, seed ticks. Interviewer: Seed ticks? 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call those those big ticks? 604: Uh well, speck backs and blue ticks. The blue ticks get some nubs that get to be great big things. And the speck backs they is just a little old hard tick. They get on dogs. People too, if you get close. And the red bugs will just eat 'em up, some folks call them chiggers. Interviewer: What's that? 604: Chiggers. Interviewer: I see. What uh, what about the uh, that blue tick you mentioned. Now, what color is it? 604: It's an old blue looking outfit, it gray looking. Interviewer: Yeah. 604: Gray. Interviewer: I think I know what you mean and they, they get to be as big as say 604: yeah. Interviewer: As your fingernail. 604: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah, I've heard them called cow ticks. 604: Yeah Interviewer: But uh I didn't know, I guess that's where you get blue tick from or something I guess. Um what about an insect that hops around in the grass? 604: What a frog? Interviewer: Uh an insect. 604: Oh, insect. A grasshopper. Interviewer: Mm-kay have you ever heard them called hoppergrass? 604: Uh-huh. I just stopped {NS} I didn't know how to say that. {NW} Grasshoppers. Interviewer: And say if you hadn't cleaned a room in a while up in the, in the ceiling, in the corner. 604: Oh spiders. Interviewer: Or are the thing you'd find stretched up there would be 604: Spider web. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh what about something like that outside maybe across a bush? 604: Mm-hmm. Spider webs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh The part of the tree underneath the ground those are called the... 604: Roots. Interviewer: Okay Did you ever year of using uh roots or vines for medicine? 604: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What, what would you use {X} 604: Well it used to be, we called it scurvy grass. Interviewer: Scurvy grass? 604: Uh-huh some folks called it bluegrass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: And {NS} you could take it and make a cup of tea and it was a good {D: pergatea} {NS} and uh then {D: old field} pine. It's a little old bush it grows on the ground that's uh {NS} you can make a tea out of that. {NS} And sweat a fever out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: And uh you can take uh {D: Pollypotus} Interviewer: {D: Pollypotus}? 604: Uh-huh. {D: Pollypotus}. And you can uh chew the root of it up and spit the, just drink the juice out of it. You spit the root out. And it cures {D: pies} And uh Interviewer: It cures what? 604: {D: Pives} If your, people seeing guts going out Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: They call it uh what is it? Thyroid? Hemorrhoids Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. {NS} 604: And They have a lot of different little old things like that. Interviewer: What does this {D:pollypotus} thing look like? 604: Well it's just a kind of a {D: brogue} leaf {NS} little old thing it grows in the woods. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: And it makes a {D: touch} comes up I mean the stem up. And it has just a few leaves on the stem. Then it has a noble thing on bulb or thing on top and when it opens up, it's kind of a fuzzy looking flower. And it soon gets uh dry, dried up. And it just blows fuzz all over. Everywhere. Interviewer: Hmm, I see. Think I've seen those before. Uh what kind of trees do you have around here? 604: We have oak. Pines. Pecans. Uh Redbuds. Uh Poplar. Black gum. 604: Magnolias. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: Oh and a lot of different kinds of trees. Interviewer: What kinds of bushes do you have? 604: Woo {NW} We have uh Huckleberry bushes and uh coralberry bushes and {NS} Tongue tree bushes Interviewer: What's that? 604: Tongue tree bushes. Interviewer: Tongue tree? 604: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Oh it's the same? 604: Uh-huh tongue or tree bush. Interviewer: Yeah. 604: And uh we have the {NS} {D: crate murdem} We have the highland {D: murdem}. We have a Interviewer: Did you have a red bush a bush that turns red and gets berries on it and 604: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's that? 604: It's a mulberry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh what about a bush that might grow along the road {NS} by a fence and the leaves turn bright red in the fall. Um it has clusters of berries on it. 604: Um Possum holes. Interviewer: What? 604: Possum holes. Interviewer: I never heard of that. {NS} 604: And uh it's just a little bush that grows along the side of the road. Interviewer: Did you have sue or shoe? 604: A what? Interviewer: Sue or shoe? 604: Shoemake. Oh yeah a lot of shoemake. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um What about a tree that it has long white limbs and white scaly bark. 604: Sycamore. Interviewer: Okay. And um the kind of tree that George Washington cut down. 604: Was that a sycamore? What was it? Interviewer: Tree that has a little 604: Oh yeah. Cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay What kinds of um berries do you have around here? 604: Bright berries, Huckleberries, and um gooseberries and uh highland {D:myrtle} highland uh Huckleberries and uh We have all kinds of bush berries. Interviewer: What about a red colored berry? 604: Cherries? Interviewer: Yeah but uh something you make shortcake out of? 604: Strawberries? Interviewer: Okay. And what about a berry that has a rough surface? And some are red and some are black? Did you ever have ras- 604: Raspberries? Interviewer: Uh-huh, do you have them around here? 604: No we don't grow them around here. Interviewer: What kinds of uh bushes or vines will make your skin break out if you touch it? 604: Uh gold berries not gold berries but uh mm Some kind of poison berry let me see. Interviewer: Well, not necessarily berries but just what kind of bushes 604: Oh. Interviewer: or vines. 604: Oh um 604: I can't even think. I know there's some that you don't touch though. Can't call it now. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear ivy or poison oak? 604: Ivy and poison oak, both grows here. And they're known well. The kind of vines that grow up the trees it poison you too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's the poison oak look like? 604: It's just a little old bush. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: Has leaves. It don't look like a oak leaf but about the size of a oak leaf. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Do you have a {NS} laurel or 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What's the laurel? 604: It's a green, it's uh just a bush has green limbs, green leaves on it. And the leaves is kinda thick. Interviewer: Does it have flowers? 604: I don't believe. Interviewer: Uh say if a If a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something, she'd say she had to ask her 604: Husband. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} And the man would say I have to ask 604: His mother. {NW} Interviewer: Talking about her 604: Oh have to ask her, his wife. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a woman whose, whose husband is dead is called a... 604: A widow woman. Interviewer: Okay and if um if he just left her, then she'd be a 604: Widow. Interviewer: Yeah, no he left her. 604: Oh. Then she'd be a Oh uh Interviewer: He's still alive. 604: Oh yeah. Interviewer: You say grass? 604: What? Interviewer: Grass widows? Do you 604: Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Uh-huh I'm trying to think of that. {NW} She's a grass widow. Interviewer: Okay. And the, the man who's child you are is called your 604: Daddy. Interviewer: Okay or another name. He's called your 604: Father. Interviewer: Okay, and his wife is your... 604: Mother. Interviewer: Okay and together they're your 604: Parents. Interviewer: Okay. What did you call your your father? 604: Called him uh pappy. Interviewer: Okay. 604: And we called our mother mommy. Interviewer: Okay. 604: Mommy and pappy. Interviewer: And. 604: And no one nobody else ever done that around here. They always said dad and mother. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: Some things like that. Maw and paw and so on but we always said pappy and mommy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: That's the way they taught us and we {X} so we always called them that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about your father's father? What did you, what would he be? 604: He'd be my grandpa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did you call him? 604: Grandpa. Interviewer: Okay, and uh Interviewer: Just say your full name too. {NW} 625: My name is #1 Fel- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Just- just sit back in your chair 625: Yeah.{X} Interviewer: and relax. That'll pick it all up. 625: Uh. {NW} {B} Interviewer: Okay now go ahead and tell me the story. Start from the first. Relax. Sit back in your chair. 625: {D: I-} I was born August twenty-first eighteen-ninety-three. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And I was uh- there was {NS} seven we were nine childrens. Seven boys and two girls. and I was the youngest one of the f- nine. Interviewer: Okay. Now will you tell me the story about- about how you uh got elected to county treasurer. 625: Oh I- uh uh I went to public school 'til up 'til the eighth grade and I was out of school for the nearly for three years. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And I had never- I wasn't able to go, my father had been sick and he stayed sick from January the first nine- uh 'til uh July the nineteen fourteen. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And And he had, I heard him say once that there was a there was talk about county treasurer and they said it didn't pay but twenty-five dollars a month, I said what do they do, they {D: doing it} {NW} more money that. Well he said all they had to do is to sign a report that their bank uh kept kept the money for the county they call it the deposit store for the bank. And they make the report and the county treasurer had to sign it. Every three month he had to sign a report. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And so he died uh in {NW} July fourteenth and I'd I had been wanting to go to sc- high to school, high school and I was able. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then I decided after he died I wa- I decided that I'd uh {NW} I'd try it and I decided to run by for for treasurer. If I could get that pay twenty-five dollars a month at that time I figured I could {X} but for ten dollars a month in my sc- uh laundry'd cost me two or three dollars a month. And my schoolbook would cost me three, four dollars a month at a schooling. {NS} #1 Anyway # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 625: I decided to run and uh there was eight of us running. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh out of the eight I was a head man. I r- I I led by n- ninety-three, there wasn't but thirteen-hundred and vote in the county at that time, there women didn't vote just uh just uh men. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And um the first party we had Interviewer: {D: Now Roy} tell me the story about the well they were digging first. 625: Well. Well. Uh. So I had been thinking about it me- my buddy and I was waking after stayed with me about two weeks after my father died. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he stayed with me there and he was working outside about two weeks and I h- h- had him to help cut some weed off or something the field that I wanted {X} and potatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And I happened to think about that about running for county treasurer and going to school then and I sat down on the stoop and told him about it he said well that sounds good but the think about talk about doing it is two things. So I went home and I told my mother about it after dinner and she said she was in very enthused to think that if I could and would be successful. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And she told me to talk to one of my some of my uncle around there and the neighbors and and see what they thought about it so I never had mentioned then there was uh three men that had been working this part {NW} for the {D: Edward Heins lumber company and the mill had closed down and while they were doing it- doing some repair work and a lot of repair there} they got in our fitness putting down a well for one of my uncles. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And I went there one uh Friday morning and I knew everybody was there and there was one man who lives up at Leetown and he was working behind and there's a him and a two more uh men there {D: it w-} it was together in the in the rig and he asked me what I wanted {X} to dinner I told him well I would but I had nothing to run him with. Said well I could use Big 'Q' a man named Indian 'Q' they called him. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} Interviewer: Go ahead and get that. 625: It's just a salesman guy. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Let's see uh I {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Well you were telling me about your your father dying. 625: {D: Uh-huh.} {NS} and uh well my father died and uh then after two weeks laid around there working and cutting some weed in the grass to fix the plot again and I told my brother about it then went home told my mother and the {D: next day then I was out and about} when they was putting down the well. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And there's a man there uh by the name of {D: Harvey Restler} that lived up at Lee County, he had me run him up up there back to dinner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Which I did and uh I- I told him I didn't have no way but he said I could use any of his Q's horse and buggy, I said alright. And on the way I begin to tell him the story which is the first man I told to outside my mother. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And I asked him what he thought about that said I want to tell you something I want you to tell me what you think about. And after I got through telling him about uh running for that and going to school he said well he said don't a- don't ask nobody else what they think about it just go ahead and run and you gonna be elected. And he said I'll help you out, and I said I know you be elected. So Monday morning they all gathered around there and about eighteen or twenty men and they were more just a spectator for the very community neighborhood there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And I walked out there and uh and spoke to 'em and after a while they said uh {B} {X} call everybody's attention, they had me up {NS} {D: Give me a minute} Interviewer: {D: Okay will you tell me about Mister Reston?} 625: {X} Let's see I I left off a uh {NS} I was telling you about it eh. Interviewer: {D: Yeah you were telling me about Mister Reston or somebody like that.} 625: Yeah. {NS} And uh {D: Mister R-Reston} called everybody's attention and told me he had something to tell 'em. And it and they did and they it kinda made me feel kinda funny he said gentlemen said I want to introduce you all I want to int- introduce the candidate to y'all {B} who is running for county treasurer. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he said he told me he- {D: wanted} {X} told me yesterday Friday when he took me home he was telling me he wanted ask me something or he wanted me to tell him what to do he said that he was thinking about running for county treasurer and if he got that he'd pay twenty-five dollars a month and he thought he could go to school and pay his board and his his tuition and the uh laundry out of that twenty-five dollars. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And at that time what cost twenty-five dollars would go to a lot more money than uh probably a hundred dollars would today though. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 625: And he said I want to te- I want everybody here to that is supporting to hold their hand up and they all held their hands up to the air {D: and up 'til right here to the lecture.} {X} and I got to telling people about it and uh I made the campaign all over the county {X} {D: but owe to one of my brother} {D: I'd more} uh I ride miles and miles like go maybe I'd spend the night somewhere the next evening I'd come home and change clothes, the next day and go out. And I I I didn't have to pay nothing to stay there a lot of people'd go tell me in the evening they'd tell me to go around see these people is tell me who they were and then come back that night put up and stay with 'em that night and my horse and they'd feed my horse and then my horse'd and so I showed up in the runoff. There was eight of us in the run I was the lead man I I I beat a prominent man there and and uh uh Bay Saint Louis uh ninety-three who were the head of 'em. There wasn't but thirteen-hundred vote in the county at that time though men women vote. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: So uh Thursday after they announced after the first primary they announced who was in the race but my one of my uncle's was on the committee and he went down there and a fella by the name uh {B} uh told him to tell me to meet him there the next next day, he wanted to go to the bay and he tell me to go with him. So I went with him and he told everyone to go see Bill Blaze if he wouldn't come down help run this thing with me. and he goes in front of this place and he stops says you stay here, if I need you I'll come back. {NS} And h- and he went in there and he he wha- he just went in there and come right back out. {NS} He come out and he he come in and he sat down in the in the car and he said that son of a bitch. {NW} I said what's wrong Mr Willy? He said I I told him I said I come here to speak to you on behalf of {B} said if you {D: would} if you wouldn't run the second primary you'd save a hundred dollars or two or more money. Says he he he he whole board don't have the money. Wasn't- hadn't been working. And his father just died. And he couldn't hear good, said can't help that. You haven't got the money I have. He said I slapped that man on the {NW} {NW} And me I got up and said it it takes money to get it {X} says that says that investors got it. Says that if he hadn't got the money {B} had. And he t- he didn't tell him, that's what he told him. He come and we he come he told me that and he says Tell {X} I got a hundred-thousand cash cold dollars and I could be made in the bank. I want you to beat that man if it- regardless how much it takes, if you need someone to go you call me, I'll send a chauffeur with you. And said I want to help you, get out and work and then I go to a {D: lot of face} people that I knew had a lot of influence. And he'd uh talked to 'em and they'd tell me {B} {D: get} around there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he had a brother-in-law that had been elected the year before that. Uh uh and he was a doctor too and and a good doctor, a lot of people didn't vote for him on account because they'd rather have a doctor than a uh {D: circuit} court but he was uh mighty good man and and he was elected. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And after the second time uh he was running for reelection. and {D: one of} men running for {D: cessor} told on Willy one day cuz Willy says you know you're going too strong for silver and she liable to hurt {D: dark places} He says I know all about regular {D: damn things} said I don't care if he gets elected or not just so I get {X} elected. Interviewer: {NW} 625: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 625: {NW} So I went out and when after the election was over then uh the {D: if I can find me a} elector so then the next day I the the the {D: clan there would say} I I figured my duty's to go and se- and meet and see him you know visit him. We Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 had # the store and office there. And uh In the meantime I had went that one time and he told me one Sunday. He said today is Sunday. And he said uh you come here one day in the week find out {D:he had Kelly} Clark and you come here says I want to set you up with some clothes if you have enough to go out when you come back change clothes and go out I want you to be Fixed up nice to go. So I went that one day in the week and and went to Bug and he saw it, he didn't actually watch {X} Asked me what size shoes I had, I had a pretty good pair of shoes. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: You got your brand new pair of shoes. About a ha- a half dozen soft {D: half dozen on their clothes} their half dozen shirts pants and everything #1 toge- # Interviewer: #2 Wha- # 625: -ther Interviewer: Did anybody's knew would did did you have a suit? 625: Bo- bought me a suit and everything ge- picked me up with a suit clothes everything and he and he said I'm a put this at course here I'm not gonna charge you any and he says uh anytime I meet you anywhere you need any money you let me know and that uh that I told him I says uh he he said you got any money now I- I- I- I pulled out a out a fifty cent piece and said that's all the money I got to my name. He pull out his bill fold he give me ten dollars. I said I don't uh really, I said I can go travel for a week and don't spend any money them days y- they except for when you went to a picnic a party you know and they hadn't had any yet. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I say if you go to a picnic or party anywhere you need any money he says you look me up or come by, he said I'll pick you up. Any time I'd need him he'd ask me {X} You need money? I said yes. He'd pull out maybe get me ten- fifteen to twenty dollars you know? Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 625: And uh so I- I- I- I got elect uh I went to school and so- uh when I went to see him the after the second primary and he call uh the- uh as much as Maggy had to telephone to Bay Saint Louis and a fella by the name of George Rig was cashier there and he was a little friend of mine too. And he said George says I do treasurer the elected treasurer ya and you have to {D: that silver you know?} and they talked about it. And they just ask me when I was going to start going to school I say you know I won't get a check 'til the first of February. Go in the first year. He never said a word, he said uh he'll be down there wh- when school starts September you said you let him have what money he needs to buy {D: things} books and school and everything. When I come down there I'll sign the note. Just 'til he gets his money. {NS} Uh February. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Now I go there the bank anytime before I leave you the twenty-five thirty dollar {X} before he give it to me he put it down he signed the note, you know? And he was uh I guess he was wes- {NW} A lotta money and and uh I went to school in the ee- uh I went to school three years in the p- money got uh everything went going up so high and I got to crash a little bit one way or another. But I took {NW} {NW} uh {X} {D: your course} And the first job I had {D: by hand} wor- But uh {NS} {NS} little grocery store there worked there a while and then uh I uh A steel logger in the saw mill there about three months then uh man by the name of McCloud running the little saw mill and run the commissary, they wouldn't {D: send their men right} church and I asked he asked me what I was doing I told him. He said come over and see me Thursday night I want to talk with you. Then tell #1 me # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 625: what he want and I went there and he wanted me to keep his books and run the commissary. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Well I did that that was in uh in uh {NW} {NW} nineteen eighteen and I I just went uh school two years high school Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 I- # 625: And then I I worked up on the 'til the uh the last part of eighteen uh no the {NW} about uh last part of nineteen nineteen nineteen. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And I had a letter one day from uh a friend of mine He was up {X} at a log camp and bought a a a barge up there and uh he told that {D: Petti- Mister Pettybarn he was assistant general manager told him to write me a letter.} {NW} And tell me be down to kill a few days and you {D:use some of the} call m- on me to keep a set a book that we camped down there there was long {D: canvas see them} look in the mirror Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: W- When {D: they was going to} {NS} order m- the set a book at the camp and they did. By the week after he come to the {X} call me and told me to meet him there. Seven o'clock that night and I met him there and he then they- he had me to go s- spend a week with the man that {NW} at {D: Numberton} To see what kind of system they had and all that. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And h- he brought me to {D: Poplar} village that day after that. And I stayed there a week and he told me to tell mr McCloud he wanted to hire me not {X} but he thought I had a better future with him you know than I did with him. So the next morning I told mr McCloud about it I kinda hesitated but he was su- such a good man and uh he he was fond of that and he he {D: twice} He didn't say too much, he'd always try try to say the right thing when he ought to you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: We got he I I stayed with him at the house and there they had the um he- had meals there and slept in the {NS} front room {D: that he mailed} {NS} So the next morning we got out {X} walked out I said Mr Mac I says that I have something to tell you this morning and I hate to tell you. Says what's that? And I said that a- a- A I had to meet mis- {B} that night at the the office there and he said he wanted me to you oughta work for him the first and next month and and uh {NS} {D: Over he said} keep a set of book at the loan camp at {D: Reed} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: He studied a while and I said I hate to leave you this quickly {NW} He said after a while he {D: spoke it up} He spoke quietly. {NS} Is it instead of {D: washing migraines the old man said} {D: he said} I'm sure glad to hear that. Though he said that his business was getting kind of slack, saw mill business is bad and the timber's hard to get where he was and all that and he said he'd been wanting what he was going to do w- he'd been figured set owners a contract for a slack stay {D: bale} slack {D: bale} state you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he said if he got that though he says uh he could pay me as much money as Heinz could. There then they said he'd want me back {D: But he said tell mr Pettybarn if you want a written letter of recommendation I'll write him new} uh recommendation that you been fair and square and honest in all you're dealing with. And uh so he did and I went up to spend a week come back and work another week with him and then he had another week to go and he payed me in full let me go to the end of the month. And I worked behind then I kept book for them 'til they closed {NW} uh {NW} then 'til they closed down in nineteen On the sixth day of February nineteen thirty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 625: And uh then uh Interviewer: Why'd they close down then? 625: The the the the cutout the number what they had to Hancock County they still had some in Coal River County. And this {X} they sold some to H. Weston Lumber Company, sold some timber. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: You wonder} Weston run a train up to there (NW} train uh rolled that didn't it? Buy some timber from 'em and they sold enough timber to Hein- uh to {X} {D: lumber} company where m- part of Mississippi. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And I was working uh keeping, I kept books up there mill after uh five years. And I was trying to keep that {X} {D: dead end there} I was keeping book at the turpentine camp up at the uh a new place there up above there. And run the {NW} the kept the books and the uh time keep and all that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And {X} come there one day and told me to go over there a place where they {NW} sold that timber to, they was {X} me uh uh a time keeper there and to tell him he sat me there and I went there, the men told me if I'd had went the day before they was sent there was a man on the way there and he coming there. And {D: he} that boy said tell him if he wants to find out something about you just call me. So I knew when they closed down then I went to work for went down there and the uh uh I had worked for mr {D: Mctodd} before he died in the meantime he died he'd had a son-in-law knew something about turpentine and uh th- one of his wive nephew they raised him from a baby, his mother died when he was a baby and she raised him. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he's a finished high school and he's uh little younger than I was, then he has son-in-law was working turpentine in Alabama. So he come over there and and {NW} old man mr McCloud was still running turpentine but he he {D: he'd hurt his comp-} and then uh he had a a colored man there w- working he was a good turpentine man and he {D: got paid} and do everything an- and uh when they sell the gum in the {D: roses} m- McCloud'd get they'd give him seventy percent he'd get the check, give him seventy percent and he'd keep thirty percent you see for the operation and he get thirty percent and uh I worked there with him from that was about thirty thirty-two I believe 'til uh thirty eight. And then from that I went to uh {X} {D: Louisiana and run a store there for hash wood} Hash brothers {X} two brothers. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I worked there a little over a year. Interviewer: That was in Hancock County right? 625: {NW} Well uh that was in {D: Full River} Louisiana where I worked where I worked for that Hash brothers Interviewer: Yeah n- okay. 625: But uh uh uh they orig- them boys was originally from Hancock County w- {D: Norton is}. Still there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then {D: Theodore's} brother. And then when I come back uh in forty-eight uh forty-seven fella by the name of {B} was elected uh sheriff in Hancock County and uh when d- uh {X} when I think between Christmas and New Years he was looking for somebody to keep his book and I had a cousin down there {NW} out from Bay Saint Louis by the name of {B} so at one Sunday it was {D: Sunday} and I believe Wednesday was the last day of the month. The following day December And he was taking off with some uh the next day you see and uh about nine o'clock that night I heard a call Florida ou- outside, I went out and it was {X} Johnson and this fella I said y'all get down and come in. {D: So Fitt said no he says uh get in says uh} I want to talk with you and he told me that uh he's been looking all over the county for a man to keep his books, his record you know? And he said uh you couldn't find nobody and he said he he went {B} and he was a good friend of mine a cousin he lives just a little bit out of Bay Saint Louis. And he told Joe he says you know I can't find nobody keeping my my record in there. Joe said that ain't no trouble to find a man to that said {NW} why? And he said go up there and get {B} says he'll he'll kee- he's he'll he'll keep it right he'll keep your record and keep it right too. He said well you know I never thought about {X} and he comes {D: toward} said if we can get together and we- {NW} I want you to work for me, we talked all I told him I'd I'd do that. I was getting some poles. I had a truck and uh {D: pack mule} and uh I had a {X} I'd bought some timber and I was hauling but I'd haul all I b- {NW} {NW} Uh I had about {NS} seventy-five or eighty poles in the wood and it was so wet that I had to haul then in the mud so I said well that should come in handy. So I went to work for him, I had a nephew drive the uh truck for me so I I told him whatever dried up to haul those uh poles and turn 'em in and then uh {NW} quit and I was gonna sell the truck and I worked there kept the record there four years for 'em and never had no trouble at all. And from that on uh then after that the the another man {NW} sell the land they got like shares and I worked for them for a while but in meantime {NW} tha- the- uh while I worked for him the- NASA come over there and took my property in in the in sixty they come there in sixty-two when they put up that NASA business in Gainesville and {D: its} sixty-three before they got {X} think they didn't give the people what they n- {NW} {D: popped} his word to give 'em what they wanted you know? {NS} But I choose to ride with 'em 'til I I did get a little more than some people did because I don't know if the way I went at it or what you know? And uh then after that I moved over here and I still worked with the sheriff {NW} uh then my wife pa- moved here in sixty-four, May of sixty-four. And I had to tear down all my building over there, I was working in the in the when I quit when I had to quit, I was working in the {D: Commaté} room there with a fellow by the name of Frank Cline. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I had to quit to tear down all my building and w- take 'em down you know? Interviewer: Yeah. {#random speaker?} 625: then after I'd come here and went my wife passed away on the third day of February nineteen-sixty-five. And uh {NW} {NW} then I- and Hash boy got me to do some work down there with the books and I went down there at about six uh five or six week and uh their due before I got to them one of the girls work with the sheriff then uh work wi- wi- uh worked with the two she told me s- sheriff wanted to see me so I before I left I saw him he said he wanted me to go to work for him so I worked for him again, I worked there about I worked all together sheriff's office about uh eleven or twelve years uh and maybe more and I- I kept the books for the county. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I also kept books for the county there for fellow by the name of Mitchell he was {X} all together I worked about fourteen fourteen years this year {X} and they sh- {D: ruled} in the courthouse there. Interviewer: Here in Gulf Port? 625: In in Hash- in Hancock County Interviewer: Oh h- Hancock County. 625: And I move here in sixty-five in uh April February we moved here in in May of sixty-four. My wife died third day of February sixty-five and then I worked I worked some in the sheriff's office there {X} and I'd go and come from from here you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Yeah. 625: And I rang it of course I had I- I'd made a going with the {X} I used- when I worked in the Mill off {D: Stack Hill} I'd get up at four o'clock and I'd go feed my I'd go hitch him a horse and I'd plow from about seven o'clock, my wife would call me and I'd go on and get washed take a bath see {D: it what} washed, need raking, go to work go to work by eight o'clock see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And when I worked in the Bay I- I s- I {NW} {NW} {NW} I'd still do a little gardening, farm a little, sometime I had to hire one of my buddies to help me you know to do some plowing when I couldn't couldn't do it myself. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But I always raised uh chickens {NS} one time I went and uh back there in uh nineteen forty. There wasn't much work done in going on and {NW} went in the dairy business {NW} I h- I I started at I'm the one that started, I started hauling milk there and uh {NW} first milk I hauled I hauled it to Lee town and uh about half way to {D: Pink Mule} and the man that hauled it into Big Mule he get paid for it and I wouldn't get paid for it 'til about uh uh six weeks after I got a truck. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then we got more milk and I'd haul it all away and and the first uh first hauling I made {X} I got three dollars and sixty-five cents w- wor- for one day's hauling you know? And uh worst thing ever happened there's a bunch of politician and uh uh people got up they wanted to put a creamery in Bay Saint Louis then. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And at about {D: the last in} in four it went up in in forty-five. {B} fella he's he was dead and gone he was king. They called him King Fisher County. At one time there whatever he said went. Nobody else could say or do anything if he had control of the board of supervisor and for some reason or the other the the voters you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: He uh {D: I know'd they vote for} Uh {NW} I did I vo- when when he run you you run for both supervisor he was a young boy I mean he run for {NW} Uh clerk and a fellow {B} he was uh h- h- h- he was he had been sheriff twice and was second clerk and then and uh the {D: the cessor died.} And he'd run for that and he was elected and when {D: ref} when it come time to run for regular election he run against {B} and beat him. While the he had done uh- a favor really because then {NW} was out for about a year and then he went to work for some {NW} uh runner uh a boarding house in in in um Alabama there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And the first year he worked there I saw him after that he told me he had he had {D: had} six-thousand dollars cash and money and beside he'd bought 'em two or three-thousand dollars worth of y- {D: utensil} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And and when he run out he was {X} all the time he served as a a politician there he he he's always in debt. And they and they and when he died he had he owned the a lotta property over there he he worked there five or six years. And he retired and lived several years before after that and he had money and {B} got elected {B} come to me one {X} he wanted to know if I was gonna vote for him or {B} I said red I stayed a year with your momma and d- daddy'd went to school one year. They treated me like one of the family. I stayed in {B} one year and he- they treated me l- went to school and I says uh I'm not going to tell you I'm going to vote for you {X} and I'm gonna you I'm gonna vote for {D: Van} and I was in the race for both supervisor there and he said well that's all I wanna know if um if you if I'm gonna get elected the first time if you're in the second you don't have minimal work on your side, I says I don't care what you do but I'm not going tell you. But I did vote for him and uh now I didn't tell nobody but I figured I'd done Vander a favor and I did because if he'd have stayed in there he'd he'd done like Red he'd died a proper. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh so few years after that I went back down there I was {X} {NW} {X} country man he needed some money we need somebody to buy some tool there they were training boys {X} {NS} Went down to see {B} well he told me he said man he said yeah nerve to come in there ask me to help you when you didn't help me? I says well Red let me tell you one thing uh I know he didn't tell this to nobody but I says if I voted for you one time but if god'll forgive me for it I will never do it again. He says I no- I'm not worried about what you can do against me, I said well I always had the pleasure of fa- of fighting you when I win the north And uh but when I went to work for Red for {D: Fitt} Johnson {B} run into {D: Seeko Stanko} there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh I gave 'em to the job to pa- the p- uh the {D: receipt book} for four years and all that time Red wanted me uh {B} and wanted me to give it to somebody else. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I've had people and Red'd come there it'd be seal this seal that, people says man you wait on Red like that after he all he done to you? I said wait a minute I said just cuz you you go stick your finger to find no reason why I'm gonna do it. And then and uh {D: and when he died I had some patricies made.} He come there about a week before that before he died. Maybe two weeks and he asked me if he'd come in there one night if I'd make his tax receipt uh stay after {X} I said yes. Before he saying he sold some property and he said only by going on the record he could tell tired of making it see he wanted to make it in this fella's name so he could collect for him you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Say yeah I'll do it. He come there and we got to {NS} and after the {X} he said you wasn't signing them things put 'em in their vote and hold 'em 'til I get the money and I he took their amount you know. I say yeah I thought {X} no harm if they didn't pay him all that to did it to guard him {D: stick the bachelor} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: So about two weeks after that he died. Dropped dead. So about I didn't say nothing about two weeks after that I called his wife. I told her I says I'm sorry to hear about Red's sudden death I know I says I wanted to call you before but I thought I'd wait a while I said I have you you have my deepest sympathy I know what you're going through. We talked for a little while. I says uh {D: did he did he mention anything to you about some patricies I had} for him in the vault? {D: say to find} She said yeah just call by {B} at the {D: Mission} bank and tell him he'll send you a check. So I called and they they sent me a check you know? And uh so it went over I guess so uh Interviewer: Ther- 625: {NW} So what he'd done me? I'd done him a favor a favor which you don't Interviewer: Yeah. What about mr Quaid, when did you first meet him? When did you know mr Quaid? {B} Yes. 625: Oh I been knowing mr {B} ever since I was {D: just} just ever since I could remember for when we first {NW} we moved from out w- west Bay Saint Louis t- in nineteen-fifteen up 'til {X} I lived there I moved away there to here you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: My daddy owned some property there, that's where he was born and raised you see. Interviewer: What what was that now? {D: Ginn River?} 625: Jordan River. Interviewer: Jordan River. 625: Bu- above Jordan River above Kiln, we lived about {NW} three and a half to four miles uh northwest to Kiln you seen him? {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 before # called Kiln Mississippi there. Interviewer: Yeah right, I know where Kiln is. {D: Killan} 625: You know why the where the Kiln got its name from? Interviewer: Yeah that's where they used to uh bake the bake the stuff the wood didn't they? 625: They {NW} {NW} {D: caught or cut} one {D: coal} {NW} coal. It {NW} and uh charcoal they call it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And Kill "K" "I" "L" "N" Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: That's uh some peoples Kiln is something like {NW} something like killing somebody but k- ki- kill "K" "I" "L" "N" Kiln they they they they built {D: round} somebody some people that I don't remember the names built uh Kiln right close to to the landing there where they wouldn't have for the move it to put it on a boat you know. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 They'd have # to put it on a boat to ship and ship it to New Orleans. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: It wouldn't get but about ten sets of stacks in there you know? And uh {NW} They cut they claimed they put the the the the four tiers high. And they cut that water about five foot four and they had a five foot pole Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they'd stack it round the pole and then they'd uh put dirt around it you know? And they'd put uh a pole from the they put one pole in the center and put that one round there and they put one from the ground there out They put a lotta {X} uh around there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then they'd uh they put a long pole all the way out And they'd have it far enough that when they got ready to set it a fire they'd take a they'd take a long pole set it on the fire and {D: twirl the slickers} way up in there you know? And left that {D: fire hot} where they put a lotta small wood pieces around it. {NW} Green wood first you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then when that'd catch it they that keep on burning that lighter but burning the the the they'd keep dirt and they had to stay with that thing day and night because they had what they called time they'd blow out you know and they had to put some uh they'd have to have to have have charred wood there ready to throw in there and then fill it up with that and then put some more dirt on it you know? {D: They} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 {D: did it} # just make a blaze and burn out. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then they used to ship that by schooner loads and New Orleans that's all they use then they didn't have no gas that they used after iron to cook and warm and heat and everything at one time you know? Interviewer: Wood? 625: The coal. Coal. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: They call it charcoal. Cuz when you burn it it was heavier lighter than wood you see. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But you and then They even had furnace they call it with holes in the botttom and you could put that in there and people on the schooner or you go camping put {X} you make coffee milk cook dinner cook anything on there you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: They'd call that a furnace you know. It had a little hole in the bottom and charcoal and then you raise the {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # People used to use uh they u- uh they used to use that even to iron with it. Put the irons on there you know? Get 'em hot and they'd clean 'em hot and iron with it. It didn't have no in the summertime in the wintertime they'd put there in front of the fireplace you know and uh heat it from the from the fireplace But in the summertime it's hot they'd you could put it out on the porch somewhere and you go there and get 'em and come in and ironing from back in there and they'd keep 'em hot you see. Interviewer: Yeah I see. 625: They didn't have uh what they call uh They didn't have no gas iron or electric iron them days they didn't know what that was you see. Interviewer: Yeah. Well uh okay you were telling me about um about about {D: Kiln no} and and uh {D: about Kiln.} And {B} {B} 625: {D: lived at old} when he {D: caught sitting there on Barley tab} between Kiln coming Kiln going to uh Brockwood there it's a little {D: she met Brachel there now} That bridge that's right about where the the store used to be there. Roll your {X} just a little bit above there and the little bri- bridge small bridge over there you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And I guess uh bridge uh was built there about thirty years ago Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 And # see that bridge there, I guess you crossed all that. Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh. 625: And if and when you go up and {NW} the Kiln and {X} that big house to the right up there was uh {B} {D: how} he built that Interviewer: Huh. 625: It's not all that big a house but them days it good About right were that right where that bridge sat there they had a warehouse a store there and right next to it in that store must have been about eighty foot long by forty thirty or forty foot wide. And they had another warehouse just below it. Was about that low. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I- and and and the the schooner would come right up in {D: you wouldn't think I'd see that day} And the mill was right there next door, there wasn't uh two hundred feet from that building there where the saw mill was. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And the schooner would come up there and load would bring the grocery they'd get groceries from New Orleans on there. And he'd chip his lumber at the yard as schooners schooners'd come in load that lumber right by that mill there right {X} you wait across from this place. But if you'd go up about uh from {X} to there about eighteen mile up there where they called {X} I remember crossing that dam where they had a bridge there just about thirty foot wide and you go there nights it's about a hundred-and-fifty feet wide, they call that Sand Creek there that's well named. It's sa- it's sandy all the way up there that place is about I bet you two-hundred feet wide right now where they used to have a bridge was about thirty foot wide. Interviewer: Is that so? 625: See them days they didn't have the they had rain {X} they didn't have the entire uh {NW} {D: ways} ditches and thing and the run the water in the creek so fast it the creek uh it'd take it take maybe a a hard rain'd take it a week for the creek to come high enough to get out of bank. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And and uh then it wouldn't wash the dirt so fast but the sand Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But since they put these uh highways ditches that run all these into these branches that run there it washed that place there {NW} it'd be amazing if you'd go there and see that how wide it is. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And this sand on that place I bet you down there uh like I said the {X} used to come right there where that bridge is there. #1 Me # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 625: big schooners loaded down with the lumber. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And you couldn't {X} wade across there. Right now. All and and Interviewer: #1 Because # 625: #2 the # Interviewer: the sand all washed out of it then? 625: The sand washed out of it. Uh that's it washed somewhere up above you see. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: Yeah.} Interviewer: So you think that's good or bad? 625: Well uh it's uh Interviewer: You can't get schooners there anymore. 625: You can't get schooners in there no more well the the {D: there is} no more uh need for schooners {X} have no use for 'em. But a little further down in it it run into uh I don't know, I haven't been down there but I {NW} about a I guess uh about a mile further down there they used to have a turpentine place there and the and {NW} same same bayou run down there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And it's deep there. I remember {D: kneeling} Doctor Craig in there {D: carry I stayed the school I} at his place {D: at the bay one} you hadn't went to school with him. And when I worked uh uh running by a cemetery there one day and we went in the {X} across to the boat there and we tied it coming back summertime he says that He says {D: pleasure} let's go swimming. I say Doc this place look mighty black he said there ain't nothing here We we got in the place there there wasn't no road around there nobody {X} pulled our clothes off and jumped in went swimming {D: that man that} I kinda uneasy but the {NW} you could be {NW} dive down there and never hit bottom you come back up you know. Dark as it could be you know? I wouldn't go in there now for no money in the world. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 {NW} # We uh we swim during the summertime hot we stayed in there and after a while we got out and {X} got in the boat, put our clothes on went uh over in where the car was got in went home. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 625: He was a good he was a good sport {D: he good} {NW} mighty good man. I stayed at his place one night one m- {NW} whole year and went to school he had two boys three boys two of them would be big enough we'd come from the from the school we'd stop at the courthouse, we'd record deeds by on the typewriter, them days they wouldn't that's the way we'd do it write 'em and then {X} and we'd take 'em with {D: compare} we'd we'd write the one'd read and the other followed. {NW} And if we {NW} The one'd read the deed and if we had a mistake we'd put a symbol there and make the notation correction you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: within} there And uh we did that that whole year there. {X} Interviewer: Huh. {NS} Now {D: can you do} where were you where were you born though? Were you born at Kiln? 625: I was born {NS} uh uh {NW} At Kiln, just above Kiln there on o- on what they called {D: Offered} Creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {X} Yeah. {X} Interviewer: But did you say you lived some at Bay Saint Louis before that? 625: I {NW} I uh I was at born there in eighteen-ninety-three and ninety-five we moved down to we moved down to uh uh E- Interviewer: Were you were born okay? {NS} 625: {D: What's that} what what {NS} {D: that's} what was the last thing I told you? Interviewer: You were telling me where you're born. 625: Well. Interviewer: Where you was born. 625: {X} I was born uh {NS} just above about three and a half four miles above Kiln Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh in eighteen-ninety-three, in eighteen-ninety-five my daddy sold a hundred and sixty acres of land there he went down {NW} eight and a half miles west of Bay Saint Louis and bought a hundred and sixty acre there on what they call the old Gainesville road. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And that road run from Bay Saint Louis to Gainesville where the where the {test site is now {D: since} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh the reason he did that {NS} at that time the {D: Elenden} railroad was just going through there and there's a lotta work going on there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh he had uh couple of ox team and they'd h- they'd {NW} {D: they they'll} plan a business for piling and the saw mill logging and things like that you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh. He lived there 'til the nineteen fifteen. He sold his timber, some of it. And then he moved back up to where uh uh {NW} uh where his daddy used to live there where I was living when them there moved me out of there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh so he and then he died in nineteen uh fourteen. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Yeah. 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And # 625: my {NW} at one time I don't know if you got this down, at one time Pearl River and Hancock County was one county. Interviewer: Is that so? 625: That's right. And the and the county seat was at Anna They call it Anna up at at uh at where they call Caesar up there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And and the and uh I think it's in the must have been in the early in the late nineteen hundreds. That they built that they separated two county I I I tried to find out and I don't know what year they did. But the first county seat in Hancock County was at Gainesville. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then uh the other uh- made {NW} the other ones at Poplarville you see in Pearl River County. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And {NW} the the record uh the county seat {D: in in d- in uh Jamesville burnt up.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then after it burn up I don't remember what year that was but it must've been in uh right around the just before the nineteen hundreds because I remember going to to the Bay Saint Louis and I just can remember they had a a wooden building in front of the courthouse. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they had a big uh porch on the front. And I went there with my daddy and the only thing {X} I can remember of that building the first time is going there with my daddy and going up there on th- on that s- {NW} front porch and looking out. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I don't remember how we got there, when we got there I was s- so young I wouldn't know a difference but how old I was but I know I wasn't very old so It was built in the late {D: opposite end of} in the late nineteen hundred I- uh right at I don't I wouldn't say when. {D: And then then} they went to county moved county seat from Gainesville to Bay Saint Louis and they had to get all a lotta record they had to get it from Washington {D: sorta record} you know and Jackson {X} reestablished the record in Hancock County there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well um this morning can you tell me a little bit about the history of Hancock County? About uh you know what you know about Hancock County? {NS} Wa- when it was founded and who who founded it and everything? 625: No I I I I didn't I don't remember the be- the only I think the best I can remember a fella by the name of uh Hancock uh settled there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And that's why {NW} uh in in Bay Saint Louis. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay uh. Now w- can you do you know where your grand your grandfather was born? Your father excuse me, le- let me start with your father. 625: Yes. Interviewer: Uh. Your father, where was he born? 625: He was born he was born up right up there uh where where we moved from in section fifteen township seven south {D: ray} fifteen. Interviewer: {NW} 625: {D: First} {X} and and uh uh his daddy owned his daddy owned thirteen forty there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And five of 'em was in section uh section fifteen and uh eight of 'em was in se- sixteenth section. Interviewer: So your father uh your father and your grandfather both lived in the same place? 625: {NW} {X} That's where my father was raised there and and uh uh {NW} my daddy my granddaddy lived there and and {NW} then my f- father when he worked built there he built over in section twelve about about two miles from there kinda nor- north east from there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And {D: you spent} a hundred-sixty acres there. And that's where he he {D: boosted hid debt} he sold it and went down down to uh um {X} Interviewer: #1 Now this # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # west to Bay Saint Louis and he bought a place there from a fella by the name of Charl- {B} sixty acres of round timber you he sold it two-hundred acre over here for two-hundred dollar and he paid three-hundred dollar for it and sixty acres {D: of it} uh timber uh land down there all all the timber. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Now where was this where was y'all's place now in relation to the rest of the rest of the town you said? {NW} was it near Kiln? 625: It's about three and a half miles west of northwest of Kiln. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you said he uh homesteaded it? 625: Yeah. Homesteaded hundred-and-sixty acres. It's about {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Uh now your grandfather, you know anything about him? Was he born there? On your mo- on your father's side. 625: On my father's side. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I I I don't know I I n- {NW} I do know wha- I know some of his uh uh brothers' names. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: It was uh {D: one by the name of John Mooran, he lived at} {D: Mandalay} way down at {D: Ansley} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: He had one by the name of Edward, he lived right there not too far from that big hotel is on the uh {X} there on the {NW} on this side of lake you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh and he had uh {NS} {NW} My grandfather's name was {B} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh he had uh he had an- another one by the name uh {NW} {NW} the only thing I remember now they used to nickname people I don't know if you i- if if you're familiar with that or not. They even had he even had one brother {NW} {D: they call him Uncle Mooran that's why they call him Mooran you know?} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And that's all I ever did know him h- and he was dead so long I never did ask nobody what was his name. And uh he had a sister name of that was married to a man {D: Callow Slander} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he lived up down below uh between here and and and and Poplarville up toward Poplarville there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he had a sister that uh I can't remember her family name or who she married, used to live in in in Biloxi there. In Biloxi. Uh uh I went there to visit her uh with {D: Carn} my s- one of my sister and someone else but uh uh to tell you her family name I couldn't tell you that. Interviewer: Okay. So your father and your grandfather both did timber work on that land? 625: Well yeah Interviewer: #1 Around # 625: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Kiln? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. They were both timberman. 625: The reason was my grandfather he bought half of sixteen section west of his place, he had at one time {X} I said he had around ten twelve hundred head of cattle. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And three four h- thousand head of sheep. {D: Arrow} there was a {NS} few big stock over there and Old Man Callows {D: lather} had a lot of he- cattle and sheep and uh then there was uh uh my granddaddy there and then that's below {D: may} there was a fella by the name of of j- uh Jack Lot live across Jordan river. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Across the Jordan River, he had as much cattle, they passed when they start painting they started Old Man Callow a slap me. They come to {D: my grandfather Mooran.} And then there's there's {X} uh Old Man Jack Lot called Jordan River. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then from there they go to {B} is my great uncle la- Andrew and then they go to {B} Lake Shore Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And all them fellas uh and uh the did uh {NW} {D: At at at Pullington a fella by the name of R-} {B} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: He get} {D: bored with} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he had uh he had uh {NW} thousand twelve-hundred or more head of cattle. And uh then from there they go to my uncle {B} down at {D: Auntmade} they they he's better known by the people who used to know him by the name of they call him {D: Rockfille} now where they got that name I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But i- he's uh he's buried in the tombstone right there in the {D: Rodden} uh cemetery Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Alright now so um so your grandfather and your father were both lumberman and farmers right? 625: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. And uh w- what about your mother? Can you tell me where she came from? {NS} 625: Well uh my mother {NS} my mother was a {D: doogason} and uh {NW} her father's name was Joe {B} and uh he was he was born on the nineteenth day of January eighteen-twenty. He died on the fifth day of Januar- uh but he was born on the eighth on the nineteenth uh of of March did I say January? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 Grand- # -dad, on the nineteenth day of of March eighteen-twenty. That's correct. Interviewer: That's your grandfather? 625: My grandf- {B} Interviewer: On y- okay 625: And then he died on the tenth day of January nineteen-twenty-two. If he'd have lived that following March nineteen he'd have been a hundred and two years old. Interviewer: Whoa! He lived to be a hundred and one? 625: But died on the tenth day of January. He'd have been January the tenth in March of nineteen he'd have been a hundred and two. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. Well uh now about y- your your mother you said w- where was she from? 625: She was raised right here on {NW} between here and the Kiln over there on the on on the Rotten Bayou they call it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh now let's see what about your uh your maternal grandparents? That's your grandparents on your mother's side. Do you know anything about them? 625: Well Interviewer: Where they came from? 625: Yes. I can tell you a story about that. Interviewer: Okay. 625: When I I uh in nineteen-thirty-eight when I tur- uh I was working in in {NW} uh Paul River running the store for them Hash boys Interviewer: Yeah. 625: They come in the paper there one day it said that uh there's two uh {NS} Now I I I I s- I started this wrong. Uh one day after I worked I worked for {X} and the- there but them Hash boys didn't come back {NW} I had a one of my grandfa- Billy's son brother lived at {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he died, he was seventy-five years old when he died. I went I was there to see him him twice, my mother visited him there several times. And uh after he died and uh uh let's see about uh I guess about eighteen years ago then I got a letter from one of my my my oldest brother got a letter from one of our cousins over there, from one of my uh uncle uh {B} granddaughter you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And same as our generation you see? And uh {NW} she she wrote him a letter and told him that uh that the {D: Doogason} had the lawyer told her that the {D: Doogason} had a Spanish {D: train} between uh {NW} Lake Pontchartrain and and uh and uh Covington there. It had nine hundred acres in it that a lawyer told her that it belonged to the {D: heir to Doogasol} and he says uh all they had to do was go put a claim for it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: So I went over there and so I took 'em one day and went over there with the letter and found them. And she told us all about it. And uh she had a book she got from the customer out from New Orleans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And that book said that there was a there was uh a a man by the name of {B} and a fella by the name of {D: Doogalné} That came here from France. To get her. And they bought him bought a piece of the bought some land right there {NS} uh not far from Lake {NW} Pontchartrain there and it {NW} cuz this is nine-hundred acres. And it said where the Spanish grant was it's what a man'd walk around I don't know how in how many hours. How many time and mark it. And and uh describe it and uh Spanish'd give him a {NW} deed for it you know and they'd call it a Spanish grant. Interviewer: Hey I didn't know that. 625: {NW} And they they did that. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Alright. And uh she said she they said the lawyer told him didn't see why they didn't go ahead and put a {D: train in it.} {NW} All they had to do and uh it was between uh Lake Pontchartrain and Mandeville. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And I'd went through Mandeville most of all and uh so so what you did when I come back after that I I went around and made a few dollars and I got a lawyer to go up there with me. Fella by the name of {B} here's a lawyer there in the Bay. We went over there and checked and uh before we went I talked to a fella by the name of {B} He was a freshman live at {D: DeLille} there. And he's a lawyer. And he and and me and one of my cousins he died I said down there in New Orleans. We went there and talked to him about it. Well he said that uh at one time his Spanish grant he said he wrote him one for some people there in in in in Mississippi. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But he says since then he said they change the law and he said what it was when they give you a grant they were free from being taxation the the government the United States government there had nothing to do with it you Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 know? # Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But later on uh the colonize and had {D: on} {NW} control all over the United States and the government and all that established so so then they they made this land subject to taxation even subject for us say for taxes, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he told us that when we would talk to him he said we can go check into him but he was pretty sure that there wouldn't be nothing to it {D: says that} {X} {D: the western boy ain't see} Interviewer: In other words the government had the government had taken it? 625: The government passed a law where it could be sold you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: When they get paid that grant they realized they couldn't sell it you see? Interviewer: Uh- 625: #1 They # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 625: had to go stay the family for generation after generation you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But then they went ahead like he told us, said they done told us that that they'd they'd changed the law {D: you hear?} And he had one number before they {X} he won one before they changed the law. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And so we went over there and then when we and uh {NS} so this lawyer now we found and they they uh changed they had a different way of system there they uh we asked the man there and they explained to us then after they told us we both woulda to look into it. I said man you oughta check here you go by section and index you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But old daddy go by name every day but so we looked it up. It's uh {NW} anyway {D: Doogan} there and and {D: Doog's} son bought that place and they had a difficulty mis- mister mr {D: Grayman} and {D: New sons} bought {NW} {D: Doogal they} out you see. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: So later on the then uh in the second generation I believe uh {NW} {D: Doogason} sold out. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: He after he died his heir sold out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he give the name of everyone that s- that's signed the deed and one of them signed it in {X} his name was {B} and right today I I had a first cousin died last January and his mother was a {D: Doogesol} and she was raised at the past {D: Christian} they lived there. And uh I heard before people say before that they was two sets of {D: Doogesol in here}. But this Eugene is one of the great heirs of {B} uh {NW} {D: Doogesol} to first come here you see? And he come over here and settle in in uh {D: Dellilia} Well. And uh this idea was two cent but the children there {D: all that} {D: ripened that} {B} sh- sho- uh sign his uh deed in in the in {D: past Christian} They had two schooners they had uh they took inventory of everything in the house. Clock and house- gun and household goods whatever it was they valued it and they sold it to the schooner and everything. So the lawyer that was with me said not He knew the law and and Louisiana you had to have a power of attorney to to complete the sale you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Now I said if we can't find a cu- the power of attorney he said we might have some. So he asked uh we went in there and asked one of the man {X} {NW} where could we find a power of attorney, he brought it there and he showed us in what Everyday we found it and we looked and we found it you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: So it's we showed where they had the power of attorney to sell it and there was things so that completed it you see. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh that uh so there was nothing to it you see that uh it said there was law to it but {D: they're} not uh uh Interviewer: So they'd already sold it? The government had already 625: #1 sold it. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 625: It was legally sold too you see. You in- inquired the law there in Louisiana said it was at that time it was legally sold. See? Interviewer: {D: So Doogesol was your grandfather?} 625: Yeah. {X} {B} was the great great great grandfather you know? Interviewer: Oh I see. Now uh so your mother uh your mother's parents had lived in Hancock County for how long then? 625: Well i- uh uh uh uh they had {NW} my mother house my grandpa's house I don't remember I believe that that I believe the house was in hou- house was in Hancock County and the and the kitchen was in in in Harrison County. {NS} And and the line run back between and they had the house made in the porch face {NW} most face north you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And the line run right half right halfway between the two houses. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: That's as I guess you'd call that a coincidence in the in the building, you never did hear of it before or since Interviewer: On that line? It ran right on the line? 625: {X} {D: the Harrelson} {X} and the and the Hancock line r- run half between the hou- house and the kitchen. Interviewer: {NW} Uh do you know how long they had lived there? Like do your had your grandparents been born there? {NS} 625: Uh my uh no my well no my grand uh all my mothers and her family was born there and th- I believe they had uh in fact I even remember, I believe they had eleven or twelve children in the family. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} And uh A- and what did mr Doogisal do? 625: My grandfather? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Well he he farmed and r- raised cattle and uh {NW} done a little farming. That's about all he did all his life. He'd probably done a little public work them days people do a little work outside Interviewer: {NS} Um {NS} and your your mother what did she do? Did she {D: foster} was she a housewife? 625: Yes uh she {NS} my mother couldn't {D: very} speak very good English. In fact uh one of them schools she went to she went to public uh to a French school. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} So she didn't have much education? 625: Not very much, no. {NS} and uh uh the there was uh {NW} I believe one of the school teacher's she went to uh {D: Bear Dare Rock Byrn} uh no he died before that I believe uh maybe anyway his name is Sydney. And he was {X} had been buried there not long ago I looked at over a hundred and twenty-five years ago. Interviewer: Whew. How much education did your father get? Did he get any? 625: Well uh Interviewer: Could he read and write? 625: He could read and write pretty good, he write a newspaper, he write pretty good but uh I'll tell you what school and he went there and most of what was what they call it blue back {NW} speller I don't know if you know Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 anything # about that. That's wha- that's what most of them people them days got education and I don't know but they lot of 'em got was pretty smart {D: and} Interviewer: Yeah. Uh. 625: #1 He could # Interviewer: #2 {D: Can} # 625: read, write. Read and write good and figure good too. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: What uh what was the blue back speller? 625: Well the blue back speller uh I'd give it to you if I could find one. {NW} it it would {NW} teach you. It had maths English. Arithmetic I mean uh uh spelling and uh I don't what it it I believe it taught a little of everything. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I believe if you went through one of them you you'd uh you'd have a pretty good education. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah right. Um. Now uh what religion, was your family always uh is your are you uh what religion are you? 625: Uh Catholic. Interviewer: Okay. 625: All my family on on both sides were Catholic. Course there's some of 'em intermarried and uh {NW} very few of 'em though. Interviewer: Alright. Um {NW} now what is this town you're living in now? 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What's the name of this town here? 625: Right here? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Well this is uh uh that road there they call that John Clark Road. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: That runs from the where you leave on you come off {NW} highway ninety {D: at} {D: forty ninety} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: From there 'til it run into County Farm up this way. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: They got the those {D: really} {X} the only name I know of it here they call it John Clark. Interviewer: Road? 625: #1 Road. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh okay. Well what's that little community out there, the one closest to it? Isn't there one out there? I forgot the name of it. 625: Uh let's see there's uh they got uh Interviewer: Um. 625: Northwood Village Interviewer: No 625: #1 down # Interviewer: #2 it's um # 625: in uh Interviewer: {D: Daypierre} is that the name of it or? 625: I don't know that. Interviewer: Eh there's a little little thing up there but I can't 625: There they're three uh three subdivisions right out here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Or maybe four. Wait I'm gonna fi- I'm gonna find out. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 625: Monday, I can't think about that nor any other time {D: whatever} Interviewer: {NW} 625: {X} Call it whatever ya know? Interviewer: I got it written down cuz when you gave me directions 625: You did? Interviewer: Yeah uh to get out here I I {NS} you gave me that name so I got it written down somewhere. 625: Well it, there are three you find out, there's three three three or maybe four subdivisions right out here. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um didn't you t- you play the fiddle don't you? Can you tell me about when you picked it up and started playing it? 625: Well uh you know I was on the radio here one time. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh (C: phone beeping} {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: You better hang that up. Or else you'll get you get that noise. {NS} 625: Yeah. Uh I I {NW} we had a interview there first and talked with the uh a man that was uh {D: she uh} uh she was secretary of this uh uh festival they gonna have here and and the man was the vice president. And she asked me how how long I been playing the fiddle. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I said about and I was about seventy years ago. She says uh y- y- that put you way up there, I said yeah, I said yeah. That was uh I was eighty-two then. I said that's I was about twelve years old when I started play the fiddle I said and she asked me how I said I pl- I learned how to play {NW} with my daddy. He could play them old pieces good as {D: Roy Coffler} or any of 'em play right now. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh {D: my} one of my brother work for {D: one of} my uncle live way down there at {D: Annes} I telling you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he had bought a little fiddle about three-quarter {D: little} smaller than three-quarters. And for his son and he never did learn how to play and the my brother couldn't play and they were tussling with it one day trying to take it out of each others hand, they dropped it and it broke it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh so {NW} I really paid fifteen dollars for it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And one day my brother said asked him he said how much you want, you gonna sell that fiddle? Said say yeah, he said who wants to buy it? Says me. He said how much you want for it? Said give me a dollar and take it. And the case and everything so he brought it home. And I asked somebody and I had a one of my daddy's first cousin lived there on Lake Shore They told me he could fix it and I brought it out to him had him to fix it. He I brought it to him said yeah he can fix it and he glued it up and put it together and got string and {NS} bridge and {NW} that was {X} and I went there and got that thing Man I would take a million dollars for that. And uh I learn how to play that {NW} I learned how to play with my daddy, he'd play some pieces I'd uh learn how to play with him you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then uh when I went to school {X} I went there three years {D: the} the first year I was there not long {X} uh I talked to the music teacher there one day about taking violin said yeah. So I I went there I started taking violin, I took music {NW} and uh I took it at two years. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And I could play the thing, I played in the church, play over there you know? And then uh I bought a piano from my oldest daughter and she could play and her and I both would play then. And then uh I lost a little girl there that, {D: actually} that was after I was married that that's before I married. And I played in church, I could play just anything by note. And I lost a little girl I stayed out of played the violin and my daughter she went to school with she le- she got to where she could play pretty good but she {D: and then} she went to work and {D: I just} lost interest in I just done forgot all my notes I never did practice it you know {X} playing still play it some of them old pieces but lot of 'em I can't hardly think of you know? Forget a lot of 'em. I got a I got a son I got a my granddaddy Moran's violin, he bought it when he was he a young boy, he paid fifty-five dollars for it. And he give it t- and my granddaddy give it to one of the other boys and m- my daddy traded something for it, I don't remember how that and uh my his one piece {D: back} {D: And I} my youngest boy can play the fiddle, he {D: second} the guitar, he can pick any guitar, he had one of these steel guitar he played played it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he he got to where now he played the fiddle. {NS} And I bought a fiddle in the school when I was going there to go to the he got that. And that that old fiddle is so old the the I I made a last set of key for it {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh {NW} he brought it up there to Pop- to {D: Hannahsburg} cuz man up there said he could fix it. And he fix it and then he build that up but I told that boy {D: don't get your hope} And he had it they had {NW} some scratches on it, he had to fix that and he put a new fingerboard, it was {D: warped} so bad you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh {NW} and he put a new set of string, a bridge and a everything on it. And a set of keys. It cost him a hundred and ten dollars. And uh uh my daddy give it to one of my brother he died a few years ago there and uh {NS} then uh one day he was uh h- there was a man from New Orleans had some horses down by {D: Tally} there and my brothers would uh uh take care of during the week, he come out weekends. And he was telling about this {D: violin} one day and his wife said she wanted to see that {D: violin}, she come there and looked at it she asked him would she let would he let her take it to New Orleans there {X} Said yeah. He took it there and she said uh that man there sent him a note back that violin was worth a thousand dollars, anytime he wanted to bring it there he'd give him a thousand dollars for it. I said well should take it down there and tell her, let her take it down there and get a thousand dollars for it. He said you wouldn't take five thousand for it let alone a thousand. So that youngest boy of mine learned how to play it a little bit They say he wanted him to have it but he wanted me to keep it {X} until he was big enough, old enough to take care of it, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he brought it up there and they had the new fingerboard put on it fact that he still said that {D: something} not right, he told me to go bring. He charged him a hundred and ten dollars. And he'd go weigh it up there and he brought that other {X} there that he got there. And I got one here uh {D: Stradivarius} Say it's a {X} something I don't know. But uh I {D: played} that fiddle he got, I wish you could hear that thing, it's a one piece back. I I {X} say one of the best fiddle there is right there, anywhere. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And I I bet you you wouldn't take five thousand dollars for it. Interviewer: Hmm. 625: And the one I got there now is the {D: Stradavarius} made in seventeen twenty-two. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he sa- some people says it's a {X} some said it's a {X} {NW} and uh Anton Stradivari died in seventeen thirty-seven. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I had bought one aft- {NW} before that, a Stradivari made in seventeen forty-two. I paid uh forced to pay twenty dollars for that, I gave the fella five dollars waiting for. When I was working then he left it {X} had the weekend, {D: to} sent him to a boss. I didn't want to buy the violin I had this sort of a {NW} He told me he'd sell it to me for twenty dollars if I'd give him five dollars and send him the rest of it up there. He went up there in two week to find it. And he called me said the man told me if I'd uh get him eighty dollars that day that he needed {X} he'd give me a receipt for it paid in full you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And so I'd call up Doctor Craig I told him go to the courthouse and Doctor Craig was there, I'd get him to play. {NS} And I called Doctor Craig and then {NS} told him that a man by {D: what} told him his name is {D: sign} description everything and I said if he come there give him eight dollars and get a receipt. {X} {NS} Paid {D: me} in full for a Stradivarian violin made in seventeen forty-two. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he did. And about a year after that I sold it for about a hundred dollars. Interviewer: Huh. 625: And I had a fellow wanting to buy this other one I got there, I told him I wouldn't sell that one. And I sold it to a man for a hundred dollars {X} He wanted it for his daughter and he brought it to one of these music store and had it fixed, it cost him cost him seventy-five uh fifty something dollars. And then about a year after that the fella told me he sold it for a hundred and seventy-five dollars. {D: So he} {NS} Interviewer: Huh. 625: {D: Wasn't} I I I didn't figure it was as good a violin as the one I had even {D: had known that} might have been a {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: because the} oh I read the record of uh Antonio Stradivarius. He died in seventeen thirty-seven. And he and he had a son that learned the trade. And had the same pattern, same wood, the same everything {D: but} Anton had a a secret himself that he didn't know. That he because he t- he he {NW} he didn't compared to his uh son because he didn't know himself. He didn't know what he was but {D: there's a} the Stradivari violin said that uh nothing uh nothing'll beat it. And that uh Anton didn't know himself what it was but the vi- his son makes 'em good violin but they're not as good as the one that he made. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And that's what makes the difference. Interviewer: Yeah. Huh. 625: I got this uh little violin there you want {NS} you wanna see it? Interviewer: Yeah I'd like to see it. {NS} That's it. Yeah. 625: You see the reading inside there but it's Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Saturday night I heard a two girl play them fidd- uh piece there Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I hadn't heard, I used to play that, me and one of my cousins. {NS} And uh I got my violin and played it. With a guitar, could have played it just as good as {X} I I'll play it for you. Interviewer: Okay. 625: I don't know what they call it. {NS} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 {NW} # I I don't remember what they call it though you know? {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. That was good though. 625: I'll play you one uh I been knowing it as uh {X} but some fella told me not long ago there that played it, said it was soldier's joy. I I Interviewer: Okay. 625: But I played it Jackson one day la- la- wo- last year there over there. And there's a fellow played a fiddle he come by he said, he asked me to name it out I sa- he said that's the prettiest piece of music he ever heard. But it uh {D: song is just} {X} it makes a difference he had to uh somebody {D: sang} it you know? {NS} That's one of them old timers Interviewer: Soldier's joy. 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 That's # a good song. 625: Yeah. {NS} I'll play you ano- another one of them old war s- {NS} {C: playing violin} {NW} Interviewer: That's great! 625: Yeah. {NS} It'd be so much better though if {D: my son would join us} taking the guitar you know? And it'd make better times, sound better and all you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Well thank you, th- that's that does sound good mr {D: Varner} That's great. I appreciate you playing that for me. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: That's quite amazing. 625: Hey. Play the {X} it's kinda hard, I can't move my fingers like I used to you know? Interviewer: Okay. Alright, there it go. Go ahead. 625: {NW} {NW} {D: I would} {D: cost you will hear} play one I bet I don't think anybody ever heard it. I'm gonna play Old Joe Clark for us. Y- y- know you you know that one? Interviewer: Yeah I've heard it before, I've heard it before but I'd like to hear it again. {NS} 625: {NW} That's Old Joe Clark. {NS} {D: Now this one go} {X} {X} the guitar though. {X} {NS} Now I call that uh uh rye and whiskey. And uh what do you call this uh {NS} Now that was uh {NW} uh bot- uh {D: Jack of dime} and this is uh what they call Rye and Whiskey. {NS} I I never I never heard nobody play uh tune with fiddle like this one. Play it like that uh uh I never did {NW} {D: Sometime uh} {D: one} I never did hear nobody tune a fiddle play that before. Have you? Interviewer: No I hadn't. That was great. I enjoyed it. Thank you a lot. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Do many folks around Kiln play? 625: Well uh I got {D: uh two} I've got a nephew and he's got three boys they they got a band you might say they own, they got uh one of 'em plays lead guitar there, the guitar and the bass and he plays the fiddle. I saw my my nephew and they got a fella plays with 'em what plays the piano you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they got a another nephew of mine, a great uh nephew of mine that plays the fiddle with 'em too, he's good. I got two great nephew plays the fiddle good. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh Interviewer: Did uh did you ever play in a band or play for a dance or anything like that? Play for dances? 625: I played for dances with fiddle and guitar but uh I never did play in a band you know? I seen a lotta time {X} I never knew how to tune a fiddle, I knew the places. And I'd rather dance in the than play a fiddle you know? And the somebody that maybe could play a little or some of 'em couldn't play and I had to do most of the playing, I'd rather dance than to play the fiddle and dance you know? Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Yeah. {NS} 625: But I used to play in church a lot, I used to play all the time in church at Kiln, I played there for years and years. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 625: I went to Washington two years ago last {D: Thursday} July this year and uh and up to December {X} two years ago. And my oldest daughter I didn't know I was gonna go 'til the day sh- Sunday I called her and uh {NS} when there was a third of the evening I told her she was here we'd go to Washington, she asked me what I had to do, I said I got some paper here just to sign to send 'em in. {D: But I said seven minutes} she'd be here {NW} Tuesday instead of Tuesday sh- they left us that Sunday to come here Monday you see. We got ready and uh they'd give me a name of in Washington to call one in Jackson, I called 'em and told 'em that I'd go and I called Jackson they said that uh they had uh one {X} on the plane there and if I could go up there I'd go but uh my daughter could go from here and meet me up there, I said no if I if sh- sh- if I'm gonna go with she's gonna go with you, {D: you know I wanna} go on the same plane, says well go ahead and take a plane here. And they'd reimburse me you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And we went and uh we uh we went down the third and we come back on the seventh. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they all expenses {D: room and eat and uh} then when I got back I got a hundred and twenty-five dollar check for {X} festival that was for Mississippi that year, you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh my {X} some people up there enjoyed it though. I really enjoyed that trip. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And last year we went uh to headed for to Jackson. We stayed there uh seeing it four days and three nights and they give us ten dollars a day and all our expenses and uh and uh fare. Mileage too you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But them people made money up there man, they had cars coming in there, they'd c- charge uh ten dollars as much as ten dollars a car to park it in there you know? Interviewer: Huh. 625: Ain't no telling how much how much money they made there, I bet you they had {NW} five six thousand cars parked there. And those days they charged ten dollars, they charged so much and they they {X} how many people in there you know? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 625: #2 They # made money up there. mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But they washed and they had they they had everything else {X} they had something at Jackson too but nothing like they did up there. They had this {X} everything that people made {D: one} fella brought uh uh truckload of wood {D: they were making some} {D: yolls and bolls} in it and showing and showed how to make it you know and they'd make {D: Chris} there they'd make {X} they'd make Just anything could be made there you know? They'd make it there. Interviewer: Yeah. Huh. Um. Now can you tell me about your wife? {D: mr} Sylvester? Uh di- wou- you you said {NW} How old was she? When she 625: She died uh on the third day of February nineteen s- sixty-five. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: She was born in uh first day of April nineteen uh six uh eighteen se- uh ninety-four. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you met her where'd you meet her? Can you tell me? 625: Well we raised right close by together there. Not too far down {X} We went to school together. Interviewer: I see. 625: {D: Yeah} {D: Uh-huh.} Yeah. Yeah she died sh- she died in a heart attack, she died one night well we usually wait {D: just} for the n- uh the news. And one night I was reading a magazine sometime {D: right} and she's listening at the news and she had a down all ready to go to bed and and I was reading about {NW} story about Cassius Clay you know that Muhammad Ali there and Cassius Clay and him and this uh other nigger had a fight or something about him, I I read the whole story. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And when I got through {X} sometime we wouldn't go to bed 'til ten oh clock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And it was after uh eight, nearly eight thirty I guess, I figured you know I'm getting sleepy {D: I said you ever want to} go to bed, she said she was too. So usually we'd talk {X} I was reading that all that time that she was listening that television and since she had clicked {D: it too and went} went to bed we sa- we'd usually say the rosary, we'd say the rosary before we go to bed you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And we said the rosary and we went and laid down and I rest- {D: wasn't gone} to bed thirty minutes. Sleep I mean. When she wake up and call me, she said to get up and do something for her, she asked something she never had and I got up. It was wasn't all that cold but I got up and run the heat lit the heater you know. First. And uh it was in February but it wasn't all that cold. And uh then I I went to the she said her arm was hurting and everything {D: she got} I called my daughter she live just a just two story {X} down back there and then we lived over there on in the second county and on uh County Farm Road On the highway fifty-three. Uh my brother had my son had bought that place and I moved there a while we I moved my house on this side and I spent nearly three thousand dollars put a new roof on it and put a back porch, a front porch and all that. Then after my she died I quit, I didn't do nothing no more. So I called my daughter and told her to call the doctor and she called the doctor, the doctor said to give her some {D: Paragolic} if she had some and and sh- and uh she called my neighbor my niece my nephew lived right across the road, she called her and and uh she said she had some. She come over there and she give {X} by that time my daughter'd come. And I don't know, they said well let's take her to the hospital. We picked her up and uh brought her there and by the time we got there she'd passed away, you know? Interviewer: I'm sorry to hear that {X} 625: {D: A sad tale.} {D: It's one of them thing I tell you} it life had never been the same you know except that nobody knows it, you know? We raised, we had six raised six children, we had seven but one of 'em was first first one was a girl. The next one was a boy and the third one was a girl and the little girl died when she was four and a half years old. And uh very hard to thing to get over, you know? So I I had I still have three boys and three girls. Living you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: My oldest daughter live in Minnesota, I just got back from there last Saturday, I went over there and I went to a male's clinic. While I was up there. {D: Boy that's something for a person that uh that's} it's worth something just to go there and just look at that state. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I went through it and had a treatment, I went lucky uh {NW} we went there Friday before the sixteen then my daughter done most the talking, she told 'em that uh I went up there and visit and and {D: then there went the nurse} uh Y'all sick? {X} which I did, I felt bad and I'd like to go to the clinic. And they they ran the- they run you through drill then but they get through with so the first thing I knew they're the they call up they'd call {NW} They put {D: Emory} put three twenty-four hundred peoples a day through that place. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh they they called my name after you want to go there you give 'em the name of your register and to give me the name. They tell you were to go and where they where you wait and they call you and they tell you where to go. And they uh they call us {X} I had an appointment at nine oh clock about eleven oh clock they called me and told me that to come back to uh fri- uh on the sixteenth. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 At # nine oh clock. And then sixteen seventeen and eighteen and I heard some of 'em tell 'em to come on the fifth of July, some on the seventh, some on the sixth, some on the eighth. But I went through there and on on three days and it was through. I'm telling you, when they get through with it {X} they know what's wrong with ya. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I been {X} the trouble is I found out {NW} I think my biggest trouble I was taking too many medicines. {X} I sh- I had prescr- copper and a prescription, all my medicine he coughed him all out except the cough medicine and the and a and a {D: noxin} a white tablet for skip heart skip. I don't have heart trouble, I just use skip to and another one is uh {X} {D: quine} medicine I take a tablespoon once in awhile for digestion. That's the only thing he left. To eat off all the rest of it, I been sleeping and eating better since I come back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um. Can you tell me about did your wife's folks. Did she live did her folks live uh in Hancock County? 625: Yeah. They they they uh they were born they were raised right there {X} about four miles from the Kiln. on {D: Jill Pickian} Road. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh they're they pretty well {D: on.} Uh now the two oldest boy there the oldest boy he he he just went to public school something and the next one, that's all he did too. He went one year in high school to {X} uh to uh {D: Haddenburg} and then his daddy opened up a little store there and a little place by {D: Taller} there. Uh he runned it there for a while couple years, two or three years, then he close it he done pretty good, he didn't lose no money but uh then uh then he went to work {D: for different} one he worked for contractors and first one thing then another. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And those boy he he worked around in the saw mill there and and the {NS} Done a little farming. He raised cotton and he he work and do a little farming. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh then uh the second uh the actually there was four boys and two girls. And the other two youngest boys they went to a- actually a public school, they went to high school at {D: Plankeston} And uh one of 'em finished and he graduated there. And and {D: they both} one of 'em graduated {D: eh uh} before he went there. And then he enlisted he enlisted from in the service. Right after {D: he} in World War One you know? And the unfinished too I mean they both finished same year and all the other finished a year after and then he fi- and he enlisted from there, he didn't even come, he enlisted in the Navy you know? And they we- they both went through the war and and uh {D: they were in the/ they won the} First World War. He was in the army. He enlisted all the time he was over there they'd they'd write him and they'd send him boxes of fruit and things like that. He never did get nothing, he was gassed one time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: You know that gas and uh the only time they ever heard from him is a nun. Catholic nun. Wrote a letter for him. And they said that he was he had been gassed but he was improving and he was out of danger and not to worry about him, they would take {X} {D: investive} care and he would soon be alright, he would get to where he said he said it had affected his eye but he was getting to where he could see and he could see good {X} that he was uh that they she would keep 'em in for him and not to worry that he was doing good. And they knowed {D: they get a l-} that's the only thing I ever got from him until he uh was discharged and come home. Uh-huh. And then when he come home he went to college he went to where they worked at up up up {D: Fergus} then it was just {D: Surilly} High School you see, they went through eighth grade and they went to {D: Finny} high school there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then y- then he went to four year college and and he took uh agriculture and and uh he worked for the government. He inspected these fruit and things coming over seas you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh the youngest one he took veterinary. He went down there Alabama {D: there} and uh and completed course there and and he worked uh {NW} {NW} {D: no no} the one that was um {NS} {X} he lived to be he was about eighty-four eighty-three eighty-four years old when he died. And uh the other two was, one of 'em the oldest one was seventy-two when he died and the next one was seventy-seven and then this one was eighty-three. And the youngest one there he was uh seventy seventy-eight or seventy-nine he was a veterinarian. And he he worked he he worked up in {X} state of the union you know he he'd uh {NW} he must have been good because he'd go around and sent it he'd send 'em they'd send him around and he'd go round and then and and then and test cattle, they have people go with him and test {D: for a bang} and different thing you know? And if they needed any vaccination then he'd get the veterinarian round locally there to do it and he'd go round and have people there, have their cattle pinned up you know to to do the work. And {D: Indian} Mississippi in United States. I mean uh in Mississippi and up above here he had trouble with some people, some people told him they that they there's nobody gonna {D: pin his up} their cattle. And uh and when you don't pen the cattle they to dip 'em and to vaccinate 'em, one of 'em said they weren't gonna disturb the cattle and {X} so he went and talked to 'em, he told 'em he says well he said he was sent there by the gov- federal government and he said its wrong they had to do it but it benefited the cattle and a benefit for them if they could understand it. They tried to explain to 'em and he talked with 'em and he'd get somebody to communicate that uh would uh {X} pretty good, and he'd talk to 'em and he'd go out there and talk to these people 'til he convinced them you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Some of 'em would uh they would threaten, if they'd do that he'd uh go stand there and shoot at him while they pinned the cattle. Well she said they you you never did get to the point of where he had to do that but he always get around and uh and uh ask somebody to help him talk to 'em and they'll get 'em to {NW} uh convince 'em that they ought to do it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Y- you know I know when they started dipping in this country for for ticks. Man there's some people, I had a brother he was uh uh wood rider, he'd you had to brand 'em on the shoulder you know and and and he'd ride the one, find some that wasn't branded he'd had he pinned 'em you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he worked uh one fella there one time he {NW} pinning cows there and he pin him there and the before he come out there with a pistol. And they tell man he told 'em says he said he didn't come there for no trouble but he said if you put that gun down he says I'll w- I'll whip you before you can say scat. Said I ain't got a gun but he said if I have to come back here again he said I uh I'll have a gun. Said I don't bring a gun with me but I said that if I'd come back here I'd have one. Then I said I'm gonna use it too. Well he said you put that gun down, let me show you how quick I can whip ya. {NW} But he didn't and uh he went ahead doing uh he made a charge against him. And they he had to go there and withdraw the charge and and then they'd come and and and and tend those cows too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: It's funny I a man I thought the world of uh I was surprised of doing something like that you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Some people are you find some people they don't understand say {X} you know and they won't listen to anybody explain to think nobody knows anything but them, you know? Interviewer: Yeah. What do you call people like that? 625: Uh I call people like that like the fellow was working for the old man {X} one time he told me about a fella coming there to take his place and he was so sarcastic. One day he call me says uh {D: Vess} says uh uh what you call something like that? I said mr Magner there's a name for something like that, right now I can't uh call it, he said it {NW} it started o- off. I said you got it I said it's an albatross And I said that that's somebody that don't uh don't agree with anything anybody {D: has to} do. He s- he said that's it. So he went home, he looked at the dictionary he come back he said boy he said we got it right. He said that's the way that fella is, he don't agree with anything. We had a uh I'd get letters from the townkeeper in {D: Lomaton} you know, he address it to me you know? And uh one day I got a letter that from up there and it said uh this should be your authority hereafter not to sign to not to give anyone of them a work card to be examined {D: or} on the twenty-one years of age or over fifty unless you have a s- a okay from the {D: mr C-J Pettybarn} and the undersigner. Interviewer: #1 The # 625: #2 Uh-huh. # The undersigner was the auditor you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And and uh let's see, Jeff Pettybarn when he hired me he told me I'd be strictly working under the auditor you know? And I showed this man this uh letter like I did over in {X} O- uh when I {NW} so about a week after that they come to uh uh time sheet in there with a boy named {D: Annuelle} he was about sixteen years old you know? And uh I put a a a I erased the total, I le- I I ran a pencil through it and I erased the extension. I left the name, the hours, and the rate there, you know? And I made a little symbol down {D: in him} down there made a symbol, I made that withhold name from payroll 'til he get an okay from mr Ba- Badger or mr Pettybarn. {NS} Man that fella went and I told the next morning I told that man, I said you tell {D: Frank Cheena} that he was assistant he'd make the time for you assistant time uh shipping clerk. Say you tell Frank I'm not putting that boy's name on the payroll 'til I get an okay from mr Pettybarn. And then he even had a {D: two three} run in. This fellow {D: Hein} had hired from Prichard, Alabama was sent down there. He come in there, I could tell when he come round there {X} {D: stole that} man what's this they tell me you're not putting all my men on the payroll? Working out there. I said mr Warren I'm putting all your men out there on the payroll except that boy. I said I said you sure I showed you the letter I got from mr Badger the other day. Telling me not to put a man o- over fifty years old or under twenty-one on the payroll but I first have a a sign okay from mr Badger or the the mr Pettybarn would {X} to sign it. Which is the auditor. Said it's a hell of a damn place. For a man can't have nothing done in the office. I said no and you and uh you never will either, I said {X} when mr Pettybarn hired me I he told me I'd be strictly working under the auditor {D: that's just not to be a right} And uh I sa- uh before that I uh {D first all I'd ask them about that month} about two months I was {D: stan} assistant timekeeper I mean timekeeper and I'd check the time. Went around there and one day I got a letter says this'll be your authority hereafter any man who has not have his badge w- on his body in a conspicuous place to lay him off. And I showed {D: everyone} in the Kiln says {X} {NW} and I went out there the first day I told everybody. You got to have your number on you where I can see it and I said I sure don't I even took the letter, showed some of 'em. And there's one nigger that's standing up on the wood pile, I said where's your {D: badges} He said it's over there on my cap under my cap Where's your cap? Over there by my lunch. I said well today I'll check it but tomorrow you got to have it on your shirt where I can see it. I said that's not my order, it's the order from the auditor, from Lomaton, I got a letter. Today the man didn't have his number on his person where I could see it, not to give him time. H- he kept working you know. So the next day I went there {X} I says where's your number? Says it's on my cap. I said where's your cap? By my lunch box. He was tall, black, kinda sarcastic nigger. I said well you worked this much for nothing, it was about ten thirty. I said you might as well go home, you're not getting for nothing for what you done today. I I put a zero there you know? {NS} And I got to the other end of the {NS} the the yard foreman was a white man, he had a a nigger for an assistant, he had a blind one eye blind, he was good good man, he was a nigger. And he he whistled at me, he come by that fella told me {X} he come there he said mr Moran says uh let Will, give Will that time today, I'll see that he wears badge I said well I told him yesterday in plain English. And his father there'll tell you that today I said it wasn't my order order from the Lomaton au- auditor. And I says I'm not giving his time at all I said if you wanna pay you can pay it {X} So he was shorter, {D: they paid the} shorter this nigger wa- this Will was sister to the yardman that went to old man {B} he was a nice fella, he told him about it says I I I I give him didn't give him a na- a date at first He says how come, he says because the man didn't have his number. He said you gonna see mr Moran about that, he's running that job, said I ain't got a damn thing to do with that. mr {NW} mr Moran {D: has everything to do with it} And he never did get paid for it either. The next day I went there though he had his number on him you know? If I'd let him by, I'd let the rest of 'em you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he never did get his money for it either. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um mr Moran uh wa- uh what about uh your wife's education? Can you tell me how much education she had? 625: She had about uh eight eighth grade education, she went to public school. Interviewer: Okay. 625: She had a chance to go to high school here but her brother's went but she didn't want to. Interviewer: Yeah. You said uh you said your you had, you went to the same s- {X} didn't you? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you go all the way through? 625: No I went three years. I didn't finish. And I have some important job in the county there I kept books for the county which was a very tedious thing. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And some people finish high school today, they can't spell can't hardly spell to figure. Interviewer: That's the truth. 625: I I I I learned my multiplication tables to twelve in the third grade, when I went {D: Standersloff} I could s- I learned to twenty-five. You can ask me anything, nineteen times nineteen, nineteen times seventeen or anything, I could tell you just like that. And and I could tell you fractions everything in fraction one after the other, now I can't you know like twelve and a half is one eigth. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Sixteen and two third is one sixth or something like that, I could tell you all that. But now I I {X} you you ask {X} uh a high school {X} what the fraction now they they won't know what you're talking about. They don't know what you're talking about fraction. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: mm-hmm Interviewer: Yeah. Um. Well can you tell me, where you ever in any clubs around the Kiln? {D: That were that} did they have any, you didn't have any did you have any social clubs or anything like that around there? 625: Well for a while there uh they had the Woodsmen of the World there and I was the last uh clerk of the Woodsmen of the World there around the {D: Kiln there.} Then they had a Knights of Columbus in Bay St. Louis that belonged to us. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And your wife, was she a member of any clubs or organizations? 625: Don't think she was, she was she's a housewife raised, we had six children and uh seven but six of 'em {X} they were about like step children you know and she she done a good job housekeeping and not bragging on myself but I raised six nice children, I remember fella by the name {B} {D: Banker} there. I done business for thirty-seven years when I moved down to there. And uh {NS} After I moved out I was still doing business with him. About six months after I went back there, I was talking with him. He said Sylvester you know you're gonna quit uh business with us, he was working for the merchant bank, you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Been there thirty-seven years I said no you're I says uh I'm not gonna quit ya, you've been too good to me. I said you done me favor when I needed it and I'm gonna stay with you. He said well Sylvester you's lay down and die happy, you raised a family to be proud of. And he says you been a man that always done what you said you would do. I {D: seen me} I was in the boat business there one time, I bought a truck and a had a truck, a trailer, and I bought some timber there from a man there. I didn't have a dime, I went there, I taked to the man, I says he had a hundred-sixty acre {X} timber. I I went to see him one Sunday I told him I I I after I'd been hauling milk five years, I had the truck last in good shape. I went to see him, I told him I went to see him I thought I'd I I had a truck, all I needed was a trailer, I'd buy his timber if he wanted to sell it. I No he said I don't believe I want to sell my timber. I said well let me make an estimate of it and tell you how much I can pay you for it. And he said one fella working for Crosby there by the name of Mitchell went there one day and told me he'd give him seven hundred dollars for his timber. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: He said he told if he didn't have more than seven hundred dollars worth of timber he wouldn't give him he'd give 'em to him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Then about two months after he come back and offered him fourteen hundred. Well I said I'll tell you what I'll do His name was {X} I said I'll go up there and check I said I'm gonna go {X} I says I I checked every trail on your on the on the uh land that'll make a pole. And when I get through I figure out and tell you how much I can pay you for it. And I said I ain't got the money but I says before I cut the first tree I'll I'll c- I'll pay for everything uh I promise you, before I cut the first tree. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Well he says. Sylvester I believe you're a man wants to do the right thing, you go ahead and make an estimate and if if I don't sell I'll pay you for the estimate. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I said no if I if I make the estimate you know I don't you don't sell I won't charge you for it. And a fellow by the name of {B} told me that if I could find some timber to buy he'd pay for it, you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: So I went ahead and I made the estimate that day and and I went there that {D: summer summer} Sunday I said I'll be here Wednesday. I had a nephew knew something about timber and I knew something about it, had a car. And I had a boy, that one that lived here. He was young boy, he was just finished high school, he was working I got a big stick and uh uh {X} stick about that long, a {D: drum} stick and I tied a rag around it, put some lime in it. And I had a I had a board with different numbers on it. And I'd that boy, it was easy to figure I could do it he measured about up to {D: hine sight and} all that you didn't have to measure, you could tell what he'd make. What he'd make seven thirty-five or three forty-five or nine forty-five or {NS} whatever I {NS} and uh we'd and every time he'd check one he'd hit in on {D: Simon's door} so we wouldn't count 'em twice you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And when I went out there that that that there's a fella Mitchell that sent 'em out {NS} uh uh fella there and a boy he went there about nine oh clock. They were there just about an hour, we got there about nine thir- nine thirty, they got there about eight thirty nine oh clock. And they went out there and we started it was about ten oh clock when we got started. And at about two oh clock they were through and they finished and left. And we started Wednesday, I got through to Saturday at twelve oh clock. Friday we s- eaten dinner right at these old place there, wife was dead and he stayed there, he'd eaten dinner. He'd often stay there and go off you know? He'd come there and and uh I told him, I figured at Friday at noon, I said I'll be with you through here tomorrow sometime He went out there he asked me what I {NS} a pole a a tree like that would bring him. I told him. He said well says Sylvester, I believe that my timber's cut {D: you the one who gonna cut it.} And uh so when I got through Saturday I told him I says, well I went by his house we got through about twelve oh clock I says uh it may be a week or ten days before I come here, I says I got to figure all this out. And I says I'll come back I says and see you before I go up {D: and see Croft there and I says then I go up.} So I went up there and he said if you don't come in a month I s- two months he said don't worry I won't, it wo- won't sell it 'til you come back. So I went there and I told him how much I'd give him from the and before that, before I told him I said uh I said these fella come Ben Lee and that boy come here and e- they estimate your timber. I said I got the figure down here I can't change 'em. I says I can let you look at anybody else. I said I want you to tell me what they offering. I I he told me I showed him the {X} owed him three hundred dollars more than what they offered me. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh Tha- I had twenty-one hundred and some pole. Twenty-one hundred and thirty something. And uh there's one man his daddy was getting timber, he went there and he offered them twenty-five cents a stick, wood and all. {NW} I'd get it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he said he wouldn't sell it to him or nobody else. And uh so I s- when I went down told him I said now tell what I'm gonna do. I said I'm gonna go have a timber deed made and I'm gonna have uh Judge Prudice come here and sign the timber deed and I said he's a justice of peace and I wanna hear him as witness. When he s- when he's when he signed that, when he signed that timber deed from me he borrowed the money on it. And he'd be witness that it's not my timber until I pay you for it. I said is that alright? Said that's fine Sylvester, that I know you gonna do the right thing. So I did, I had the timber deed made and I took Judge Prudice with me, he was uh justice of peace. He's been there for years. {NS} Now I went there and I told him I said {X} w- uh timber deed, I said I want Judge Prudice to read it to you first. He read it. And Judge Prudice told him he said it's a regular timber deed and he says uh mr Moran tells me he wants to sign it, he he b- he need that to borrow the money. And he says uh he won't cut the timber until uh he he pays you for it, says and if I'll be witness it's not legal until he pays you for it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: So I said nah I come one day next week and we go to Crosby. I'll meet you and go to {X} So I did and a fella at told me he'd give me the money he was working for. {NS} So I took him and went over there and uh th- this fellow starts yelling dealing with him {D: come body} and he called me on the side {NS} he says and that fella turn, he was there and he told me, he said I'll be {X} a wrench in the cog wheel told me he's not gonna put out the money. And uh he told me on the side he said mr Moran, why don't you let me buy that timber and and and you let you cut it? I says mr {D: Starksteel there and mr Holder} you go there and buy it said you perfectly well to go there and make him an offer and if he wants it you you buy right nine, get money for it, says if Crosby got the money, he can pay for it. He said yeah but he said you won't sell it to nobody else but you. Well I said how come he said I ain't got no money pay for it. So after a while I told {X} Said I want to go up there and talk {X} {NW} he told me {X} told me he said I know Bee Crosby gonna let you have the money. And he told me after I talked to {D: Starksteel} he says uh {D: Starksteel} told him about it and uh I went I said let me go talk to him I said hell he ain't no better than me, he's got money but that's all. I went there and I talked with him and he told me he couldn't do it. I said well mr mr Crosby I said let me tell you one damn thing, you're not doing it man, you got the money? I got a friend that's got money. So the next day I went to the {D: b...} talked to {D: Wallard James}. {X} {NS} his {D: daddy'll} they had control interest in the merchant bank there. And one day I showed him the figure I said Walt I need I need uh I need twenty-five hundred and something dollars there. To pay for that timber. And I said I need, I want to get right away Walt says you come back tomorrow he says I'll I want to take it up with the committee, not because I do- {X} you know but said now you got to have something to tell 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {D: Said I} {X} see John {D: LeWheat} or somebody so the next day I went there he said you know John we didn't come in the other day. I says what if I get {B} {D: one of you do} said {D: do just well} Says I'll go get him. I go over in front of the courthouse and then I go there {B} come there to {D: way of stop} to get out the call call him I said come here George, I said get in the car with me, I'm with you. Said what you want? I wanna go to the bank {X} bank and Walter was there I says yeah {D: he's Walter} {D: George} And George walks over and says uh Sylvester tell me he bought, {D: I told him here} all this timber. He says you want so much for it, then he sell that {X} I want somebody to tell me the timber's there beside him. Joy says the timber's there every bit of it is there, he said you have the finest timber I know anywhere in this county right now. Well he says that's all I want, says come back tomorrow. Next day I went back there and I got the money. And uh when I left there that day with a {D: hole there} I didn't tell him about it, if I'd told him {X} uh uh Mitchell. I started off I told him about it. {NS} Boy, he was hung. He said if you had told me that Sylvester, I just wanted to walk out that door and says I did that {X} so hard that I'd hurt him. And uh {X} Klein told me he's the one called it, you know? I said that's the reason I didn't tell you, I didn't want you to do it. So. So I went uh and when I went there that next morning that uh {NW} he told his sister to give me a check for twenty-five hundred and thirty dollars be in full. And I told him I'd sign him an audit {X} for them to haul out what a forty percent of it until it's paid, until I could sell some it to someone else and I sold most of it to a man {X} Company in in New Orleans you know, I hauled it down to Lakeshore. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh I didn't have no troubles {X} he let me have the money and I didn't have to fool with {D: Coffney} Interviewer: Huh. Uh Can you tell me something about life in the Ki- around the Kiln? Uh mean {X} I heard there were some pretty rough characters there in the thirties. That so? 625: Well they wasn't all that bad. uh uh some what I tell you what it was. Back in the thirties there was a a little before that they had a community {D: Kiln} they had one at {D: Scranton} up above {D: Deedo} they call it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: There {D: wa- had a standard} And up there where we lived was kinda {D: north ways of} {D: County Hooter they call it, the little turpentine.} {X} the the people with the money would go to the other. Bunch of boys they get in there, they'd get in a fight you know? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 625: #2 {D: Younger} # people from Stanton uh Deedo {X} come to the {D: Kiln.} They'd get in a fight well they had {NW} they never let nobody gets crippled like that. But uh they'd get in a fight, {D: see} a few licks past somebody stop it {D: and be at} you know? But you know what's done more good than anything else uh when they started that consolidated school. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: They done that uh uh let's see that must have been u- up in the in the right at the beginning {D: the} right into the maybe in the late twenties. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: They consolidated maybe must have been in the twenties. {D: They co-} they uh I knowed a fella by the name of {D: John Crash who} {X} and there's a fella by the name of Andrew Lott was a trustee there and he had a brother by the name of Tony. Andrew Lott. {X} {D: little visit} {D: there in the Kiln} and he was in favor of consolidated school and the old man told him Lott had some land out there, he couldn't really write. And uh uh so he was against it and they had they had {X} they worked on it and they had the the s- the day they had the the school board declared declared that they would have consolidated schools, they'd they'd buy land and build the school right there at the Kiln you know? At just uh {NW} Must have been the early twenties, wasn't long before Heinz opened {D: up there} {D: Cuz when Heinz furnishes them all} {X} They first the uh uh lower building there and uh so Tony Lott was against it, Andrew was for it {NW} a- and and uh {X: John Crash, the superintendent of education). And uh old {X} {D: So they say he was out there and {NS} and uh Andrew Lott said uh uh {X} the old {D: crafts} {D: about Andrew} he said he says Andrew we got him we got him and 625: {X} this morning I just eat some cereal. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Milk and cereal. Corn flakes, you know? I usually do that sometimes. Breakfast when I don't {D: do} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {NW} Interviewer: Um {NW} Well can you tell me about the first house you lived in mr Moran, what it what it was like, what it looked like and and everything 625: You mean when I was young or Interviewer: Yeah when you were a young kid. When you were a young man. 625: Well the first house I lived in was made out of {NW} of course out of lumber. It was uh uh it three bedroom and a living room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And a made out of {NW} uh black board but it was sealed inside, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh we had a kitchen uh you know backwards you know? Where it was facing north and then south the kitchen separate. Facing {D: running} south you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} course we'd come on the porch and then the porch would come all the way on through to the house. {X} Them house them days was built it was {X} uh bedroom you might see two beds in the front room. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And that living room and there and and the side there was an {X} between the two rooms like that, before we used to {D: make 'em like that lot} you understand what I mean? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: Like this it'd be all} {X} {X} And then uh that room go in that house the doors would be from the outside you see they would go in there from the inside. {D: from way back there} that room We found most of the houses I remember going in were built like that, that way. {NS} O- on one they had two you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh my mother had a them days they used old iron pot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And she had a a shelf right outside the window there. And a shed over it. And she'd uh had a she'd uh wash her pots and turn 'em put 'em in there you know? {D: Then happens that way} {X} {D: pot and pans} {D: in fact they all have it} iron pot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And this uh fellow here had a pot {D: fellow here too} And uh I remember she used to have big old iron pot {X} {D: cut} full of {X} full of sweet potatoes put them wood put fire under it and found toppings and bake 'em and it seem like they'd taste better than they do when they cook 'em so. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I mean when they'd {X} {D: they were wild down too when they} {X} seem {D: maybe he's been out here but} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: So {D: he he} you can have an idea about what a {X} Interviewer: #1 O- okay # 625: #2 {X} # nothing like the drawing you know? Interviewer: Thank you lots. 625: {X} Interviewer: Wha- how long have you lived here in this trailer? In the trailer? {NS} 625: I been living here about {NS} oh I guess about I I'd say I think if I remember about five years. Interviewer: I see. Uh when your wife was living, y'all lived in a house down there right? 625: That's right, on the right on the interstate in County Farm and fifty-three over there, the southeast corner you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh my son had bought a place and and the man he bought it with had just {X} leave {X} {D: had uh} renovated the house and everything and {NS} {NW} {X} a stove in there. {NS} And uh a few dishes and things. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But that's all he had in there. I moved some of my things in there and live in there 'til uh after my uh {NW} Had the house that was gonna, I was gonna put a well there and and move over there and my wife passed away, that man just uh Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Didn't do anything else, you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Um did you have a name for the that little kitchen when it was off to the when it was off from the house like that? 625: You mean when we What did I do there? Interviewer: Yeah in your first house. 625: Uh no there because really what it was a kitchen and dining room together. Because uh my mother used a stove in there and there's a it was big enough for us to sometimes it wasn't too cold we'd just sit there and eat supper and after after that we'd go to bed, {D: we'd build the houses and the hou-} real fine house, you see? Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. 625: We s- we spent most of the time in there. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} there was a porch in front of it and then right on the uh as you wa- walked out in the front end there was it had a pump there for water. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh then my daddy built a shed over it. See? You can go there and pump water and uh {C: coughing} rain or shine and the them days we had shelf and had bucket water bucket and we had wash pad in there they'd wash with you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Towel hanging in there and everything it was everybody pretty well all over the country that's what they did, you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay uh but the kitchen was a little bit off from the house right? 625: A little bit, about I'd say six, seven feet, something like that {X} I can't even remember, you know? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um now mr Moran what would you you said you used to burn wood right? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: So uh you burn it in a uh well you burn it in in a fireplace right? 625: Right. Right we burn lighted wood. In the fireplace we'd store uh uh {D: lone leaves} trees and and and save it for stove wood. You see we used stove wood. Tha- that's what we used for stove wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um now the smoke would go up through what'd you what would go up through the what? You had a 625: {NW} Interviewer: Can you tell me about the fireplace? About all the, you know, all the parts of the fireplace? 625: Well the fireplace we had them days and and uh and everybody else that I know of out through the country. Did uh and they'd get {NW} a full piece of uh hard timber and they'd hew it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they'd drill holes in two of 'em uh one they'd put one up against the wall {D: of the} house and they'd c- bring it to close it top level And then they'd put the they'd pi- they'd put in the uh put make make hard pieces and round it. And put in between in those holes and then the others they'd just put on top of it like that, inside of the wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: So uh then they'd dig a hole back in there where they gonna put the fireplace and dig a big hole {X} take the top surface {NW} dirt off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then they'd get that we'd go out I remember when I was a kid they'd be on the chimney, they'd send a bunch of kid out. Get a lotta sage grass. And just pull it up you know and come and put it in the wagon. I remember one day we had we had so much on the wagon was coming {X} And then uh they hit a bump and it kinda rolled and I rolled snap off it some of it rode off with me, we had to stop and reload it and get back on it you know. They had to get on it to hold it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh we you you we we pull our shoes off and get in then the water and and make mud with our feet. With that dirt in there. And then we'd take it and throw it throw it to someone on outside the mud hole and then they'd throw it to the one on the making the fireplace and they'd start from the bottom and lay a place, put a fireplace and everything and they start put these stick as they go up you know? And they'd make sure that all the wood was {X} to take it with dirt and with mud inside {D: to keep} And in- Interviewer: #1 Wha- # 625: #2 side {X} # Interviewer: The grass was {D: free} for what? 625: The grass was to hold uh the the dirt together. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Cuz once it it'd get hard it was just like cement over there. And then there's the the {X} build a slow rock {D: bind} in it and let it kinda dry slowly you know? And when that clay was uh dry, baked just like they'd fix the fireplace there and the uh {NS} {D: the} {D: It last} just like a almost as good as uh ce- cement. You know? If you knew how to do it you know? And they'd had those fireplace there's some of 'em would drill in {X} put a big piece of wood in it, you know? And they'd and the the outside I guess it'd be outside and and inside would be about that high from the {X} {D: corridor} Interviewer: Okay. 625: And I I I remember my {NW} we'd always {X} here and we'd have nails o- nail up above the {NS} And they'd take what they call a s- a spare rib and tie 'em with string and hang 'em up there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And and cook 'em by the fireplace. Heated it fire you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And once the wire had turned around you'd put a pan or something under it to catch the fat that had dripped you know? We'd put sauce on it. {X} was good, they talking about barbecue now but {D: they didn't} have us eating that way you know? Interviewer: Huh. Uh now mr Moran what would you call the thing that smoke went up through? 625: Well that they'd call that the well the chimneys uh but uh Interviewer: Okay. 625: Its uh its you had to kinda know how to build it {D: first to go some} some people had built 'em and they'd I don't remember how you do it, the way they you had to build a little bit inside Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: form of form of grass you know to {D: to go with smoke} Interviewer: Okay. 625: And uh some of 'em if you didn't build 'em right the smoke would come back in the house you know and it'd smoke smoke {X} get in there and do 'em over you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But most of the people that uh uh build 'em before they learned how to uh they knew how to build 'em you know? Interviewer: #1 Um # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What what was the open place in front of the fire? What was that called? 625: Well it it becomes we- we'll say this is a a fireplace here you see? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} It was {D: come here further} on the board you know? 625: #1 It # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 625: it it make a sub floor down there and make put dirt in it and left uh that put some of that way down further inside so the the the the the board wouldn't catch fire, maybe six eight inches you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: So the the the boards wouldn't catch fire so much you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And so the fireplace was way back there but them days they didn't they they uh we used just lighted wood only. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Uh course the last year lately people's got chimney now {D: they they they} use little lighted wood up. Or some dry wood to start a fire and they use hardwood. We don't have no lighted wood, it's all burned up in the wood you know? But people would use to burn every year and they'd and uh it'd burn maybe for two or three weeks. Any time people would just light it, burn it, millions and millions of dollars worth of wood burning in this country, you know? Interviewer: Well what what'd you call that open area there? You call it the 625: {NW} well it it really is a firepl- uh {NW} Interviewer: The the floor there, do you call it the hearth? 625: I really just call it uh far as I know they call it fireplace, I remember my mother used to even cook uh corn bran ho cake in there in the fire i- in the in the fire there sometimes you know? Interviewer: Yeah will you tell tell me about how she used to cook that. 625: Well in the in the like cornbread she'd she'd pick it and put it in there and put a little fire under it sh- she knew how much {D: well then} she'd put a little on top. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And she knew about how much to how long to let it stay there and she'd take it take that lid off the always had {X} uh cast iron right there, little thing she had a I think she put a had a little handle she put uh iron piece she put in there and take it off, turn it over {D: and throw the} fire over it and then uh {NW} had something to potholder that you take th- that had its own handle you know? Take it and put it off and then she'd let it cool a little bit and take the potatoes out and the cornbread too, she'd cook cornbread in there. Interviewer: So what was the hoecake? How did she make hoecake? 625: Make make that out of flour. Call it uh people'd call it galette {NS} just dough make dough you know and roll it flat Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: cook 'em in soup} In fact uh course we'd had the stove sometimes she'd uh she'd do the same thing make biscuits put it in the stove and cook 'em you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But we uh what we always uh liked for her we'd rather have that hoecake {D: to} think it had a be- better flavor you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um so you you uh you never called it the hearth right? You never call it that? 625: No I I people build they'd build thing outside, they'd build a put four poles there about four feet square and they'd bu- build a good solid foundation bottom and they'd put about seven or eight inches of uh uh clay in that you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then they'd uh they'd cook and they'd build a shed over it and they'd put a smoke stack or something to draw smoke up the top and {D: when the then the} they'd be open you know? Smoke would uh wind'd blow the smoke and they'd even go out there and and uh cook something like that on there, then they had the they did have what they used them days they'd build something like that and maybe another about four f- foot square. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they'd take a they had what they call these uh uh wooden barrel there you know, like flour barrels? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: They'd take it and put it in there and they'd they'd take that clay and then they'd put all over it you know? And they'd put about four inches thick and start all the way down and and uh {X} they'd fix front there so they could put a a a gate up or something there then close it, you prop something up against it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh and they let it sit there for a few days and when they'd taken {X} they'd they'd they put a fire in there in that barrel all them {D: wood} to burn you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then that thing get hard and they'd make {D: then he make} uh when they want to make they make l- light grass {D: that owned it} {NW} they got ready to cook it and they were gonna cook it that day out in the morning, go there and build a big fire and then put a big {X} would have piece of iron they'd put it {D: though} And uh they'd get that thing good and hot had a place for the smoke to come out and uh when they'd get through they'd take all that fire out and sweep it all out and they'd put the bed in there and the {D: say that's all on and} they'd cook it. They they they cook uh uh bread like that uh uh bake uh rolls chi- uh pork rolls make chicken and everything in it. It'd stay hot, it'd keep the heat that long you know? They'd put about I guess four to six inches uh clay all around it, when they get all that {D: hardened} stay hard a long time and later I'd say the nineteen uh {NW} {NW} fifties I was working in {D: New Yearn} over there. We'd make anything outta ci- outta cement like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they'd put a ga- uh a door on it or something and they they they heat that thing they'd build a fire in there and heat it. And then they'd uh make make cook anything in it. But back then they'd done it with a barrel and they'd burn it up and they'd play guitar and they had a shed over it you know? They if it rained it didn't hurt it you see? Interviewer: Um. What would you call the things in a fireplace you'd lay the uh lay the wood across? There were two 625: Uh they call them firedogs. Interviewer: Okay. Um and up above the the thing you'd have a a place where you'd set a clock or something like that, up above the fireplace? 625: Yeah they call that uh uh m- mantel mantelpiece. Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh what would you call the stuff you know that came up through the chimney and you'd get it on your face maybe, you'd call it? 625: That's smut. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Smut {X} Interviewer: And uh and then also you know the stuff you have to clear out of the out of the fireplace out of the fireplace after every fire. It's white. 625: Well the ashes you have to scoop out most of the people used to they'd take the ashes out of there and they'd put it around the fig trees, you know {D: fruit tree there} {X} {D: Thank mr Willard which I be that too} Interviewer: Is that so? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Huh. Um. Yeah um what'd you call the big piece of wood that you uh you know that you put in after you got the lighted going? 625: Well {NW} we would {D: we'd usually} call that a a choke you know? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # right now they'll cut some uh uh {X} they go ahead and chunk the wood and put it in the fire you see? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um. Now uh I want to ask you some questions about some of the stu- some of the stuff in the house. What would you call it all the stuff in the house you know? 625: Well we had uh uh uh {NS} a dresser there we had a I guess it's a kind of a marble-shaped piece on top of it, but it must have been a neat stick or something you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh them days we didn't have uh uh screens or screens you know way back there? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I remember when I was a little boy we had a we raised a rooster there I don't know where he cou- could how {D: he he} he was {D: fighting the} {X} {D: by himself} and uh they had the we always raised our own {X} chickens you know? Interviewer: {NW} 625: Daddy got two three rooster and brought that one. {D: so he keep it in there} He had to get rid of it The only way that he'd kill 'em you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he got in the house once or twice he got up on that dresser. And we had to watch him, we had to keep the front door closed sometimes. Uh where he come from, where the door he come in from you know? He He get up there in his uh in he'd get in that glass there and fighting the glass with himself you know? He's always fighting another rooster. He broke a many pitcher and glasses we we put him on there and forget about him you know? And then we had Oliver. Uh what they call {D: those army} you put clothes in and you hang something you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh do what we had to places and uh those that room we had the little uh cabinet like {X} to hang clothes in and then shelf on it to put clothes in you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Course then they were all homemade and uh now days people buy them all you know? But they were all homemade and the just handy as the one uh you find now you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh well you sit of course on a what would you call this? 625: We'd call that {D: why} I I believe a a a sofa they call 'em, we had some is small one they call 'em loveseats you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: Alright. And uh and then maybe what you're sitting in would be called a 625: Well to tell the truth I don't believe they had a chair uh re- reclines like this {X} most they all had rocking chairs you know? Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh. 625: Had {D: good rockers} {X} and different kind they had had some uh {NS} um a lot of people we had some chair made out of wood with cow hide seat on it you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: There's a man up there on this road uh this road {D: cannery rows they have back there now} They they can differ but he used cow hide for the bottom. He makes rockers he se- there he sell twenty-seven he did sell 'em twenty-seven maybe more now. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay all this stuff you know all the stuff you'd sit in, your tables and chairs and everything, you call what? The 625: Uh. Interviewer: You call it the {NS} 625: Well it I ain't gonna tell you what my mother had a when she married her daddy made a a a dining room table. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh it was made out of cypress. There wasn't a nail in it. Every every t- t- table was the the leg was the pieces was {D: more then} you couldn't hardly tell it. And you drill little hole and you drill a piece of cypress through there. And then you cut it off real smooth. And uh you couldn't tell it and and uh I that {D: they'd just like to} drill a I I last one had it and I had been there house and old house I had there and uh and I was off, I had a chunk and another thing there and somewhere and another and I was off working and they'd call to find everything {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But that the the tables {X} he made it himself. Interviewer: Um yeah and you call all this stuff together that you say you had to move from one house to another house you'd have to move your Do you have a name for it? You know all the st- fixings in the house? Everything? 625: Well uh Interviewer: You ever call it the furniture? 625: From what I saw in the uh in in uh the I I I I think that what mostly they call it household goods. Because uh {NW} {D: Bresten I've read in} in in the in the on the record and too and the book and years gone by on {X} the one in Louisiana over there and {NS} checked uh on some land there. Talking about people selling they {X} them days they had to take a inventory of all the household goods. Socks. Gun. Bed chairs and furniture um of all kinds they all this f- f- Interviewer: Okay. 625: We call that house all household good had to be uh listed Interviewer: Okay. Um did you ever have did you have a room at the top of the house say um just under the roof? {NS} What would you call that? 625: Well uh we call that an attic. We had a place there where we had to fix so we we could put some things up there through the window you know and we Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: we had some {D: mortar} over there {X} and we figured {X} we didn't use one year for {D: Maryland} we put it up there, we had a ladder to go up there. {D: pull it see?} We call that the attic. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh what'd you call a a where where'd you store all your useless stuff? You know, you had a bunch of useless tools and stuff like that, furniture what would you do with it? {NS} 625: Well uh I remember since I was a kid my daddy had a always had a place out in the barn, a little with a floor in it he'd keep all things like that in you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then the tools, he'd hang 'em up and some of it on the on the floor. And uh then the next {X} he had a fee- feed room you see? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And we kept he kept a lot of thing in there if we wanna and I remember when I got big enough I I built one myself {D: before I could uh my dad was get} getting older and I built one just off the ground like that and the {X} big enough that I could put things in there they wouldn't have to go in and I could hang it all over the place and {D: on the} inside and the what I wanted to put on the floor and I could just stand and get anything I want you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And some thing cuz it's too big to put in there well then I'd put 'em in the uh in the in the shed I had had the feed room out there you see? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Wouldn't be so much uh you couldn't put all that in the feed room and be be too messy, I never would put nothing like that in my feed room you see? Interviewer: What'd you call all that stuff you know, useless or leftover stuff? Did you have a name for it? 625: Well uh the only thing is uh is is uh anybody'd ask something I'd say it's in the supply room I guess, that's where we'll keep all the tools and everything, tool room I guess we'd call it mostly a tool room you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um yeah. Did you ever call it junk or or 625: Well uh I I guess a lotta the time they was mentioned was built you know go there and ac- actually use you'd get a place uh {X} {NW} our son got a a garage where sometime he keep, put his car in there you know? {NS} {X} {NS} He'd he'd bui- he'd be working on something build something there and he'd keep the car out for a while and they he'd go in there somebody's {X} course he clean it, when he get through he cleans it out, he put everything in its place and then he he got some things in there and I wanted to build a po- a porch out there for me, he had all of them just {D: back in there} He got to see me and I want him {X} {D: sitting on their} swing porch out there you know so I could sit out there and in the evenings when the sun come from this way now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And out there and keep them mosquitoes out you see? Interviewer: Yeah. Um did you have a little room off from the kitchen where you'd store canned goods mr. Moran? Canned goods? 625: Well yeah we had a place in there {D: we} uh canned uh put up a lot of stuff {X} shelf and some of the bottom put the heavy stuff, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But at that time {NW} people didn't can anything. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: You know? {X} when we began to can stuff. Course what we {D: raised and then the keeper'd be} we'd raise uh them days you could raise peas of all kind and cook 'em year round. We we raised red beans raised we raised peas, raised uh uh all kinds of beans and peas and {X} and we had dry bean and peas black beans year round. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 {X} # You know? Interviewer: What'd you call that little room? Do you have a name for it? 625: Well uh Interviewer: You call it the pantry or? 625: I think uh I I guess that's what we'd call it you know? Because we kept all that stuff in one little room there and then in another place we'd keep stuff for the in the what we would buy and put in there, you know? I remember {D: a gal} my daddy used to raise sugar cane make syrup and he had a big place he'd have a place he'd put in in the in the place where in the kitchen he had a place put there, put it on the floor. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And he'd put some in {D: 'em} sometime out there in the feed room where he was uh {D: having} {X} place to put it in there and we'd carry it in as we needed you know? We'd have syrup year round you see? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um. Now what would you sweep with? 625: Sweep the floor? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Well I remember they used to go out and get some sage and make a a broom where they used to get pine straw it wasn't too dry they'd get 'em and make a it wasn't about that big around and take an old broom handle and stick it and that's uh just good as anything but a- any broom you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh but my mother would always keep a broom with that and uh and I see they made a lot of it. She'd sweep the floor with it and sweep just as good as a uh a w- a w- {X} And you could buy a broom then {NW} uh six {X} broom would be thirty cents. That is {D: for the lesser and nobody wrote before} and now when I get it it cost you about a dollar and a half two dollars. Interviewer: Uh. What'd you call a um where'd you keep the broom? I mean #1 Was there # 625: #2 Well # Interviewer: a place where you keep it or just 625: well they had a always had a place to uh to keep a broom and she would never let anybody put a broo- uh the broom down on the broom she always make 'em stand up uh o- o- {X} always put the handle down and the broom up you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {NW} some people, I've seen people sweep with a broom it it wasn't all that wire just cook it like that you know, they'd sweep sideways they'd s- lay down there on on the on the floor like that you know and they'd they'd bend it over. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But I've got a broom here, I've had since I been {NS} {D: and uh} {X} {NS} {D: pretty awesome isn't it?} It's getting wore a little bit but it's just uh Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} Interviewer: {X} 625: If I put it down then it'd be all crooked {NS} {X} {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I sweep here sometimes and {D: people'll} come here and and and sweep and uh {X} never I have uh I have when it's raining but uh {D: North} I'd go up {X} and that door'd be open there {D: the rain in into the yard} sweep that water out and then I'd I set it out in the sun and let it dry you know? I wouldn't let {D: I put put it} {X} soak in the bu- {D: in down} you know? Interviewer: If uh if the broom was say if the broom was behind the door and you wanted me to go get it you'd say uh the broom is where compared to the door? If something was behind the door you'd say the broom is where compared to the door. 625: Right you'd say the broom was back of the door. Interviewer: Okay. Um years ago on Mondays women used to do what was it they used to do? Say on Mondays or one day a week? 625: Well a Monday or Tuesday they'd generally take uh ha- there'd be a big wash day. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. And I remember uh one time we had a spring {X} {D: little} and I had uh {D: this} wo- lotta wood around there and my mother had a washpot, them days they used a washpot. She done washboarding. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh she'd always send me uh wasn't wasn't that uh about uh uh about as far from here to there that household there {X} back of the house she'd t- she'd have the clothes ready, she'd take take help me take clothes and and uh go go bring it down there and build a fire and I had, there's a bucket down there and I'd always take the axe and the some matches, I'd go down there and put the water water in there and I'd I'd build a fire on it, put the water in, put the clothes in it. And by the time that she come there the water was hot and she'd give me some washing pot {X} put it in it you know? it's it's water little bit and she'd come there and then she'd uh rinse it out. And uh that'd help with the for us to clean the clothes you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um what would you call washing and ironing done together? I mean Did you ever do did she ever do 'em both in one day? I mean she'd say she was going to do the {X} in one day she did the washing and ironing say she did the what? 625: {X} one day s- {NW} do the washing maybe next day or the following day she'd do the uh ironing and fold up the clothes you know? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # the same day. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you use um what would you call what you got uh I mean if you're in a two-story building and you want to get from the first to the second floor what would you use to get there? 625: We had uh steps. Steps to go up you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: But} Interviewer: Yeah and they called it a they call those those things from the first to the second floor they call them the what? 625: They call 'em a a upstairs {X} Second floor. {X} the second floor and upstairs. Interviewer: If the door was open and you wanted you didn't want it that way what would you tell somebody to do? 625: Tell 'em to to close the door. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now what would you call boards on the outside of your house that would lap over each other? 625: We call them weather boards. Interviewer: Weather board? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the part of the roo- the part that covers the house you call the 625: The the roof. Interviewer: Okay. And uh mr Moran what would what would the little things that were run water off the roof there on the edge of the roof? 625: Uh they call them gutters. Gutters you see, they go up, run all around and come {X} and go down you see? They run run all around the down on the around in the house. And at one time people used to have uh uh big old system made of maybe eight foot in diameter then about eight seven eight foot tall. They had a faucet down there and people would catch and then they had the water all the gutters, water'd run into there. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 You # use that water for for uh scrubbing and washing and {X} even uh {X} the washing and scrubbing you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Some people would have a top to put on it and they'd even use it for drinking water you know? Interviewer: Is that so? 625: They'd they'd fix it so that nothing could get in it you see. And use it for drinking water. Interviewer: Yeah. It was a you call it a cistern? 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Big old barrel right? 625: It it's made outta uh {X} cypress {D: David it's} uh I I I think {D: they're} call them water cisterns you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: I know {D: I I} worked at the well several places I've seen 'em {X} {D: with them trying to} {X} And they found a deep well there and they had big one water all over they had turpentine in a lot of the {X} {D: they made quarters you know all alone} before they could get water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they had a cistern up there {X} {NW} I don't know how many, it must have been about uh ten twelve for the dime {D: and turn} about twelve fourteen for the hide you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And the pump {X} all the time working uh pumped so much and when he get his {X} stops you know? It it kept taking water uh put water all the time Interviewer: Huh. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Um now what'd you call the place where the behind a house see the top of the house would end in L. What'd you call the place where the two roofs come together? And and you know the water would run down 'em? On top of the roof? 625: Yeah. Well that they had uh uh when they have two roof coming together like they they it it it call that a valley and it it it run it {X} {X} so the they had to put a till behind us so that the w- water wouldn't get up and then run and uh I know they'd always have it fixed it looked like so it would run out the one end and the other. Interviewer: Huh. 625: And well sometimes it run out from both ends. But I w- man there was too many houses build like that, they built I I see 'em built sometimes where they're close like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they they have a roof that leak but they wouldn't be too full, but I have seen the {X} say that uh Interviewer: Um did you have a did you have a little house where you'd store wood? Or or tools? A house where you store wood, what did you call that? 625: Well uh {NW} no we we didn't have we had a box on the porch where we'd uh always when the weather was good we'd put a lot of wood in it you know? On the on the back porch somewhere there was {D: one of these} kitchen one in the the house {NW} and the w- we- we would {D: dry and wet 'em} and uh wood we cut a lot of wood and put in there in order {X} come rain or something we'd have plenty, and we'd always keep that full of wood you see? Interviewer: Okay. 625: And then the all we had to do was just go outside the door uh on the porch to get it you see? Interviewer: Okay. Um what'd you call outdoor toilets? 625: Well uh most people {X} call 'em a little outhouse. You know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: Some of 'em call it a toilet {NW} outhouse you know? Interviewer: But y'all did have your toilet outside? 625: We had we uh {D: had} people #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 625: then they uh and uh They'd build 'em and some people dig dig a big hole {D: giant} deep you know? And they'd tore that dirt out and then they'd build a a toilet and then when they'd build it they'd put that dirt all around so the water wouldn't run in there. From the rainwater you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And of course uh people would go in there all the time and there'd always be a little water in there and uh but then uh the odor wouldn't be too bad you see? Always had the {NW} most of the people had a a cover on it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: Where you with} hinges on it you go there and you graze it and when you'd get through you'd put it down there, keep the odor from and with a lotta water there there's always a little water going next to seep in, it could be {D: barely} so it wouldn't, wouldn't seep enough to always keep it closed, it wouldn't run over you know? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Can you tell me about some of the buildings on the farm? Uh like you know some of the buildings? Some of the places where you keep things. Keep the animals? 625: Well {NW} {D: well there were} well everybody had uh uh maybe two to three buildings. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And sometimes more, one of 'em some of 'em had uh a cool trim maybe on the side of the barn and some of 'em had it {X} barn you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: It {X} went on the back end, it tore the corn from his back end you know and then they'd uh they go and they had the window and they'd they'd go up in {X} go in the barn, he go in there and get the corn you see? That's for the they'd they'd have {D: corn} on each side for the horses you see? And uh we some of 'em had {X} we had a big old bunch {D: corn sweeping barn} just big shelves and the the big loft. We'd put hay in there and the put the cattle in there you see? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: In the wintertime you'd come in there like in in and we'd {D: get us all} uh put 'em in there, they'd go in and out, we wouldn't shut 'em in the barn but they had a lock, they could walk in and out. Cuz uh when they'd come, sometimes they wouldn't come every night you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then in the spring of the year we'd gather {X} people had cows, when I was a boy uh they'd have cans of they had cows that give uh as much as two gallons of milk or more she'd feed him the plenty of piney wood cows you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I remember we used to have cows {D: we could} as soon as we began to find {X} so old we'd uh we'd start milking them you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh we'd get up in the morning early and my mother'd we we'd go in there and she'd milk 'em, we'd tie the calf and and she'd milk 'em. We'd have milk, {X} And uh in the following year sometime we'd pick one to milk and the {D: I don't know what else} and feed it, she'd come at night and we'd feed it and milk it and put the calf out and uh we'd have milk sometimes. Through the winter. Interviewer: Did you have a place where you'd feed 'em? 625: Well yeah we had a stall we'd put 'em in you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um well uh what about um did you have a place where you'd store grain? mr Moran? 625: Well we had a call it corn crib there beside the old side Interviewer: Yeah. 625: feed room, it wasn't separate from the feed room you #1 see? # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 625: But the c- {D: the corn though} and the we'd always make pretty good bit of corn and the the then we didn't need no we didn't buy no fertilizer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: We did our own fertilizer. {D: We'd use} you know? Interviewer: Um well uh what about the uh if hay, if you had too much hay in the barn you had to keep some out in the field what you keep it in? What would you call it? 625: We s- stack it. Put a s- s- a hole in the ground and stack it round the put it round this and stomp on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But I I've seen the, I've done that. And I've seen people one of my wife's brother one time his daddy died and he come there and took over and he had two big boy named Charlie and {D: Hubful} And uh the rest of it he'd cut while he had hay coal stock and everything. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And he just uh hauled that stuff, he got some help. He c- he just pile it up that coal stock and everything and he stomped it. And in the following year he start putting cows in there and do you know spring come, there wasn't a piece of straw there uh {X} So after that I said why in the world you wanna uh put it in the barn and stamp it? Rain or shine, they stayed there they uh they wouldn't put 'em in there with wet and they'd {D: dry to put in it} {D: There wasn't} a bit of it, there wasn't a piece of corn stock there. That shows you what people do when they try it you know? Interviewer: Huh. Um what would you did you ever see a uh did you ever see a um well when you first cut the hay and it was lying out in the field in little piles what'd you call those little piles? You have a word for them? 625: Well uh uh it was uh I was a married and had children before all of the the uh when they started using lawnmowers on on more more machines you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh and we'd uh no we'd cut first we had some what we call {X} they were about that tall you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And sometime we'd call and cut the corn stock and {D: stark 'em and} cut that hay. And then we had the native clover. {D: And they were strollers} with the I've seen the {X} and the picking up a hill like that, hold it straight up like that they'd {D: help} and still {D: hold} touch lay down on the ground you know? And uh that clover you didn't have to cut it. It {X} this one on there right there the way you'd cut and start cutting {D: yeah?} Maybe you'd wind up way over there and you'd have all this other cut {X} we had to come back and cut another wedge, start again you know? But the way it {X} this one you had to cut from it you see when Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: And about} I don't know we'd just let 'em call or I don't know we'd just call 'em {X} Uh and I I we'd start cutting out out {X} get one of my brother and start cutting, they {X} by the I guess the neck of the cut. {D: Ain't it clover} we started one morning {X} cut all day that day and the next mor- the next day we'd cut through about uh four o'clock that evening and then them boys come up hard rain and it and and that flow was {X} He'd cut it and you can't cut it all the way except {X} when you went through you cut it and it's in the fire you know? And when another fire lit up it still breathes and it rained for two a couple days hard too and and uh and the sunshine come out stayed about two days, I went there about the second day and I took and I began to {X} {X} about ten o'clock. Then uh {NW} That evening I went there and I made a {X} The next morning about ten o'clock I went there and the {D: note that again boarded steam} {D: I couldn't get ready} You could see smoke coming out of it. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 625: Sprayed it again and that night I I made a bigger pile and the next day I went there about ten o'clock and over a month we was seeing smoke all over that place it was steam coming out of it you know? And then that uh that evening about two o'clock I got {D: help} {X} spread it out very thin you know? And the gr- ground was {X} hay {NW} just pure and green the leaves of uh fell it it'd been dry. And and wet but yet the leaves was falling off you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But none of it fell off and and I got some help took that hay in and we just {X} as it could be. Interviewer: Huh. Um did you ever have a did you ever see a covered haystack that had four poles maybe and a slight roof? You never saw one of those? 625: No. Interviewer: {D: Not the fifth?} Okay. Um now what can you tell me about some of the places where you keep the animals. You said uh did you have any did you have any uh what animals did you have on the place? And where would you keep 625: Well I had a I had a horse, I had it {D: with} sometime. {D: I had a bunch of} {NW} I had two pair of mules two different times uh and and then {NW} uh three and four horses. {X} you know had always had one good plow horse and I had {X} one time I had uh {X} {X} {NW} {D: care for another yoke} steer for my boy one time and we traded off uh a mare and a colt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then I had a a an old mare and a and both of them they raised the colt with 'em so we had them two and had that old black mare and then bought a pair of mules. And one of 'em died and I sold the other one and then I bought another pair of mules. {NW} And uh we used them to plow with, we had the old mare {X} she was I'd always use her to plow my gardens and things like that, she could plow without her {X} she just talked to you, she'd go you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: One of the best plow horses around in the country. The mule was good too but I could h- if I wanted to plow little stuff like {D: to hold my} nine times she {X} to walk you know? And if I say gee gee I didn't want to say it too loud she {X} Interviewer: To go to the right? 625: She she go to the left gee and haw she'd come right. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And she knew that just as good as anybody. I could {X} but just taking one at the other end and one here and I'd move it every time I'd {D: go} I'd pull on them two stick I'd I'd look over I'd I'd I never pull the line just talk to her and I'd keep the hay right uh them stick right between it. I'd get there and {X} stretch on that thing and never touch the ground. Interviewer: Huh. 625: {X} They told me about {D: wood I had} {NW} when I was I guess when I was about twelve thirteen years old I I had {X} My my one of my older brothers made a a wagon one of them wagons caught a fire one time, the iron wheels burned up and the {D: front uh} was working out there and come to dinner. My daddy had a a wagon out there and so when the was loading some pine trees and my father woke up and he saw there was a hole there was water there. The iron wheel was burnt and the someone took the one of 'em caught the shaft and run into that hole of water and put it out {X} we wasn't hurt too much but they uh {X} so one of my older brothers cut the middle of the axe and then doubled it that way and put some bolts in it and made a a tongue on it. I'd I'd hold the wood. {D: with} all with all the {X} {D: with them} wheels got to place 'em and uh in the corner just like {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And now you sit down in the wagon and drive just like you would oxen you know? And we had all the wood we wanted um {D: decide that we} {D: branch we lived} {NW} {D: ah and maybe that old} go to the other side of the branch, I'd go over there and load that thing and it'd come through that mud just the same as {X} you know? I believe that it was {D: strongest than when} i- i- i- it was from that side you know? And the I was working up there {X} across the river there one fellow was one of {X} I met a man on the road {X} I stopped and asked him what he's doing he said he's putting wagon wood on the ro- road there for the company. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {X} and he said uh {NW} that night he had a pretty big he'd feed him corn and give him hay and and water there. He said he was making money with them goats. {X} He'd even stain the water tray. I wish I had a uh picture of him {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Um well what would you call uh did you have a shelter for cows where they could go under when it started raining? 625: Yeah we had a this bull we had here Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: About uh {D: I didn't} there there wasn't {X} come all the time, even in the wintertime. Interviewer: Okay. 625: We'd uh we'd have a {X} uh we'd leave it open and some of 'em would come, we'd shut 'em up in the in there, sometime we'd just leave it open and they'd come in there but they Interviewer: Okay. 625: Them days they they didn't come too much because they had no shelter out there {X} you know pine trees and all kind Interviewer: And and uh where would you keep your horses? 625: Well we kept them uh we had stables to keep them in and some of them we got uh we {NW} turned 'em out they'd stay around, they wouldn't go and {D: for} if we {X} always had little bale room. {D: Wanna} find 'em get out there and {D: find where they're raising} find 'em you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: Sometime had the little pastures that would keep 'em in but sometime I'd put 'em out in the {X} {X} Interviewer: Um what what where would you keep your hogs and pigs? 625: Well they stayed out in the woods, we raised 'em raised 'em in the woods. We generally had a {X} had a pen uh {X} out on the {D: cotton somewhere there the} always had a pen with a w- with a roof on it and a floor and I never {X} never did have a hog on the ground in fact. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And I'd always make it leaning and the {D: hog is} it's a it's a we call 'em a hog and you think they're dirty but they {isn't so} they had one place they use for the bathroom, they'd go in this one place and that's all. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: The rest of the pen was just as clean as the as anything keep it clean, there isn't anything on it. Interviewer: Okay. Now was the shelter open? Was it open or was clo- enclosed? 625: It was enclosed. Interviewer: Okay and you called it a what? 625: A a a a pig pen. Interviewer: Okay. 625: One time I had one of the other one in y barn, I put it right in the corner like that you know? Interviewer: Um did you have a place mr Moran where when you milked the cows you'd put the milk maybe it would be a cool running stream or something like that? 625: No not {D: for the} {NW} when we'd milk just for our own like that course I wa- I did uh milk cows in there it was in there four or five years you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: #1 Yeah but # Interviewer: #2 Is that so? # 625: we had a cooler then had running water. It would come up in a funnel like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: About that big. And about that high. And the water'd run through there. {X} I had artesian water. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: We had coil in there running. And then on top there was another one go up like that. And just on the outside of that place they had holes all around it you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they'd work in there and they'd run down on that uh on that water on that coil that was filled with water there. And you'd catch a glass of milk there and drink it just almost like the ice water. They call that {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um this so a dairy was may you might say dairy was where you kept your milk cold? You call it that? 625: Yeah well {NW} we'd run it through there and then had a a I also had a route from where I lived there and {X} {NW} with the {X} and then we'd figure I'd bring maybe about ten ten {X} before I get through the creamery but it it'd never be none of it never spoiled you see {X} and once it kept that take that animal heat in there then it it it be cool and keep the the {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now uh what would you call the place where you let your animals out to graze mr Moran? 625: Well it's just a open wood, we had very little that's the reason I didn't stay in Dairyville too long we didn't have enough {D: uh ground} to make uh enough uh {D: the waving} {X} well I finally realized {X} and something like that uh and the a friend of some uh {X} {X} and anyways you know what that's good for. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {X} Interviewer: Yeah you you you call that the what? A you know you call it the 625: Well it's a {NW} {D: plan that Austin Rivers} for grazing you know? I had planned out in the fall and the man told me to uh early the fall and we'd generally have a the cows come in in the wintertime you see? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And the and the friend told me to put the cows in there, didn't have very big place I had about two-and-a-half acres up there and and he said put the uh where the cows and get ready to come fresh put 'em in there, that green stuff I would never have n- no trouble {D: Ben did deliver it} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # just make 'em deliver it clean you know and Interviewer: #1 How fresh # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what is it? 625: Comes fresh it comes but they have no trouble you know? Interviewer: You mean have when they were pregnant or 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Alright um what would you call uh 'un- you know grass that grew up in your field that you didn't want? {D: surp} sort of any sort of grass, do you have a name for that? 625: Well yeah we had uh we had some uh I had some {X} grass grow in the field. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Which I had uh when I'd plow {NW} {NW} it started in two or three other places. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And every time I plowed I would have turned the plow back there and the horse {D: turn the plow} I have a way and I'd t- take her from one place to the other and I'd I had a {X} I I'd take her take her and put {X} I'd take care of her {D: best} I could and put on there and they'd stayed out, trot out in the woods some of 'em and the neighboring cows would eat it you know? {X} #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. 625: Finally got rid of it too. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And then they had what they call {X} I'd I'd dig that up even take a shovel and try and dig it up and {X} {X} Interviewer: Um can you tell me about the types of fences you'd see I mean you had around here? All the types of fences you had. 625: Well the first type of fence I've I've seen was the was rail-to-rail. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh they'd cut the rails about uh they had uh yellow pine they'd cut about eleven foot long. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they'd spray the then they'd {D: tie tangle} tree they'd try to take a tree by {X} uh in twelve inches {X} in there about. And then they'd cut 'em about eleven foot in length and they'd {D: strip} {X} easy to strip They'd strip one about four feet and then they'd strip uh uh w- uh {X} like that and then split another one {X} you see Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 On the # sap. And uh {NS} they'd {X} split hard pieces {NW} and uh they'd call them binders. And they'd take the they'd sharpen one end and the top end they'd tug it with a {X} and they'd s- split some uh cypress piece uh they'd cut it about twelve inches like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then split it about make a stick like that maybe {X} and they'd just split it off of there {X} and they'd dig a had a {D: awl} about an inch-and-a-half. {D: That big old} drill a hole through that and the top of these binders they'd they'd put uh {D: lighted this} stick in the ground and they'd put it about the same size, they'd put that on top and there they'd put uh I don't know if I could give you a Interviewer: What do you call those things that they that they put the in the ground? 625: Uh I guess you'd call them s- standard binders you know? Interviewer: You call 'em the uh well you have to dig a hole for 'em for the what? 625: You wouldn't dig a hole, you'd uh you'd uh you'd uh {D: you'd put} they'd be sharp and you'd stick 'em down there stick 'em down on your uh you had to work it down to where you could take a stick and stick it down and have a sharp uh {D: go in the same} {X} Interviewer: What would you call these things? 625: That {D: they} {NW} I guess you's call them uh Interviewer: The post right. 625: The post or binders you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: See you see the uh Interviewer: One of 'em would be one of 'em would be a a post right? 625: Uh uh both of 'em you see there this this cap you would have a hole in it and the top would be taped to hold it together. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Now they put this this {X} stick it in there and pull it back over here you see and then they'd put all alone then they'd come back and put one on the on on top like that you see? Interviewer: I see. 625: I I should've started from the bottom. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But you see it it it if I had some matches, let me see if I have some matches I can show you better with with some matches {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And you could slip the railing over that. Uh each way like that you could slip one end one end for the other one and you pull the lay all the way. Interviewer: I see so the {X} would go be- it would go it would go through the what what would you say? The railing would you had those two posts and the railing would go 625: In between them like that you see? Interviewer: Okay. 625: And that'd hold 'em see and uh and uh I I I guess you'd call it uh the binder or the fence post to hold the railing up you #1 see? # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # But what about other types of fences mr Moran? Did you have a what about the wire fence? 625: Well they then from that they went to uh uh net uh net wire. First that wire was started off about thirty-two inches and they had some twenty-four inches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Then one then they went to thirty thirty-nine inches Interviewer: #1 what was # 625: #2 and then # Interviewer: that net wire? 625: Net wire Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 It was # Interviewer: Was that barbed wire? 625: No barbed wire was that one was uh is a s- uh s- uh uh {X} the wire. The bottom was just about big enough for the {D: BB} couldn't go through there and then they'd Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 dig # {X} had to go up and get {D: stuff} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Well after they got a steel wire about {X} uh six inches like that, some of 'em closer you know? And there they'd make it through small wire and some heavy wire and big just uh now they they have they make this {X} wire which is six and seven foot tall you see? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you call that wire that you catch your cl- you know always catch your pants on, you try and get over it? 625: That that's barbed wire. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. 625: {X} careful with how you handle that uh scratch your hand or burn yourself. Interviewer: That's the truth. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: What um now did you ever have a little kind of fake egg that you'd put in a hen's nest to make it start laying? It wasn't a real egg, it was a fake egg. Do you have a name for that? 625: Yeah we call that a nest egg. Interviewer: Okay. 625: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. 625: mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um and uh well they also call it the the china egg too, some folks do. 625: {NW} Yes and the and in French you call it a chinois. {C: French} I don't know where they got that word from. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I remember fishing that {D: lyric from a} used to g- goes church he he'd call me {X} over there it's chinois {C: French} you know it's French, use the French phrase you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: The preacher he was {X} And French too. He he he Interviewer: Call that a {D: chinois} huh? 625: Uh-huh. Yeah. Interviewer: Um now what would you et out of that your wife you know you used to call it did you ever have you know you used to call what you ate out of the what? 625: A a pla- plate plate. Interviewer: Yeah but you you used to call it the 625: Dishes. Interviewer: Yeah all the dishes together you call them the 625: Well we'd call 'em chinaware. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. um and you'd eat with a uh what utensils you ate with? 625: We eat with a fork a Interviewer: Yeah. And a you cut with a 625: A knife. Interviewer: And you'd eat your maybe a dessert with a 625: With a spoon. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Now two more than one knife would be called say you had {B} 625: {NW} Interviewer: Coo- 625: {NW} Well sometimes you'd have two if you had butter or something like that to use you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But most of the time you have just one knife park in the school you see? Interviewer: Yeah but you might have two knives right? 625: Yeah. At times yeah. Interviewer: Uh. Okay Can you say that for me? Just say that word knives. 625: Knives yeah. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Alright. Um now what would you put flowers in Mr Moran? You you might put flowers in a you'd bring 'em inside in a what? 625: Uh w- we'd have a regular vase for it you know for the vase? Interviewer: Okay. 625: And vase put flowers and put water in it. Interviewer: Okay um what was something big a big black thing your mother used to boil water in, you said to wash? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: You call that the what? 625: They they call it the washpot. Interviewer: Okay. 625: I got one I I had one I wouldn't take a {D: penny} I paid at least seven or eight dollars, I wouldn't take uh a hundred dollars for it. Interviewer: I'd like to see that. Um now what would you cook in? You'd fry something in what would you fry in? 625: Well we had uh after I married we had a an iron skillet we'd fry eggs or meat in it or something like that you know? Interviewer: Did did you ever have one in the fire that had legs on it? 625: M- my mother did but after that I didn't {X} I don't know what ever become of all her dishes. Course well now they got 'em I guess and people quit using them you know I don't know what {D: that was} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I know that some of 'em did burn up when the the house burned up, I had a lotta things all my school book and everything burned up in it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Would you call that a a a the one with the legs on it, did you have a name for that? 625: Well uh {NW} Interviewer: Spider? You ever call that 625: No the at that time I believe they've called it a it a skillet. Best I remember. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now what kind of bucket would you, what kind of container would you use to slop the hogs with? You know when you go out to slop the to feed the hogs? 625: Well we had all kinds of we had maybe an old water bucket we use and and then again uh people use to use uh lotta uh axle grease they'd buy in tin g- {NW} five-gallon cans you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then that'd be use to wash it in, make good uh feed bucket. You had a lotta the to feed the cattle and oxen and thing like that you know, people use to use lotta uh oxen work oxen then they'd use a lot of them you know {D: we used that} A wagon and whips you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well uh could you tell me the different sort of things you'd use to carry stuff in? You know carry all the stuff in. You told me about a a bucket. What else? Did you have 625: Well people used to when I was a kid there was {D: injuns down there} they'd make basket. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And u- use basket {NW} uh handy to go pick uh pick beans peas in and thing it Nearly everybody had that. There are some like that like you gotta beans, peas, okra and thing and use they'd use them you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: You could make 'em here, they had some with the handle on, you could take it lay it down, pick it up. And uh they'd last a long time. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: They'd make 'em out of bamboo. Use uh uh spin you know at about four five to four foot long and split 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And let 'em dry and they'd paint 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Make I know how they made 'em they they used to walk ten twelve miles maybe more and some of 'em would bring their babies on their shoulders and the others would they'd put 'em in sack and put on their shoulder. Interviewer: Uh they what's they do they {D: towed they} 625: No they'd they'd cut a hole in the sack and put it on the uh on each arm and just carry them on their shoulders like that, I've seen 'em carry it {D: they went from} down there w- up to Jordan River there was Jordan River, they'd come up to Jordan River there {D: where they'd there's was} there was bamboo that grow tall you know and get the stem? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they'd uh s- s- take 'em to the strip and they'd go, it'd be the same size then they'd paint 'em. Make basket. They'd walk in the bay and sell 'em. That's what they made a living at. Interviewer: I see. Uh okay now what would you carry milk in? {D: Mr Jordan} You say you carried milk in a 625: Now you mean at the house or in the uh creamery? Interviewer: We- yeah at the creamery and the house? 625: Well {D: what we would do} for the creamery we had ten-gallon tins. They'd hold and they'd fill 'em up they'd hold supposed to hold eighty-five pounds of milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh uh we always I I always when I had a when the creamery} would always pick one cow and milk uh and and save the feed for the house you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And when she went dry pick another one {D: there} I used a cow {NW} same cow all the time {D: you see?} Same cost for the milk {D: the hotel} had changed you know? And uh Interviewer: #1 What about # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: I'm sorry go ahead. 625: I I run it through that cooler and then I'd take it to the house and my wife would uh uh she still she's she'd strain it and we of course we had a strainer we put a strainer in that uh in the right where it run through there and that's {D: to go through it} But my wife would still strain it and put it in in in a big uh containers and put it in the box you know? {X} -fridga- re- refrigerators Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 We # have we have milk all the time you see? Interviewer: Yeah. What about uh at the house you say you'd you'd carry milk y- you were talking about a different thing you carry the house in. You carry it you carry it in a what? 625: Uh we had a s- a special uh bucket container for that for the to to carry the milk in the house and we'd catch it right from the {X} where it come through that {X} {D: old black} cooler you know? We kept it separate. Interviewer: Okay. 625: It wouldn't go in the it wouldn't go in the can. Interviewer: Okay and it was made was it made out of metal? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay it was a little thin little thing made out of metal then right? With an open top? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Yeah what # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {X} what would you call it? Do you just call it a do you call it a pale maybe or 625: Yeah {D: a} {D: a} {D: a} we use it from uh milk milk pale you know? Interviewer: Okay. Okay um now uh what about some of the things you use to haul bigger stuff in? Like flour, what what would you keep flour in? What would you buy it in? 625: Well uh when I was a boy my daddy'd buy flour by the barrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: With them ninety-eight pound barrel you know? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 When # sometime you'd buy half a barrel but most of the time you'd buy uh a whole barrel. Interviewer: What about sugar? Did you buy sugar? What'd you buy sugar in? Well Oh he'd buy sugar I don't know about uh ten pounds I guess at a time you know a big bunch of it, rice. Uh a a Did you buy it did you buy it in the sack? {D: Or?} 625: N- no {NW} well I guess he did we used to we raised a lot of our rice so I remember when I was a kid I'd w- we'd raise rice. We would get my daddy's plow's about that high, he'd send his son there one on each side and pull all the grass out {D: they'd be over there getting cover} you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh then when it was ready to cut he'd cut it and lay it down and and let it dry and then we had to go there and tie it, roll it up and tie it and roll it, take it in and beat it. And then we'd have a a {D: mole} {D: it's} made outta light {NW} yellow pine they'd drill hole in it and and set it to fine burn and then they'd take some that had {X} {D: working round} And they they make now the about that long and uh about that big around and the end'd be round and the hole in that {D: now would} would be round that mole would be round. And uh this uh right in the middle they'd make it small, you could take man one man could take two and beat 'em like that {D: there two point} one'd take one the other one {D: hand you} off and down like that. Interviewer: What would you do you'd What would you do? 625: Beat beat that rice in that in that {X} 'un- Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Until they'd get all that {D: cuff off} And uh then when they'd get it all out {D: you'd} we had these some of these basket these Indian make some flat like these fan 'em good you know? And get all that stuff out. All that {D: cloth} {X} pick it out and put it back in there and l- later on we'd put it on the side uh beat it again but you could beat it and and and pick on it take all that {D: puff} out And then uh you'd clean it that rice tastes better than what you get now. It was really good. Telling you people just it was hard to believe how much better that rice tasted. It Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 have # full taste of rice. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Now um did you uh um did you buy uh mola- what'd you buy molasses in? Maybe. What would it come in? 625: It would uh Oh at one time I remember they used to put it in jugs. Interviewer: I see. 625: And they'd put the cork on it and then put little {D: rosses} on there. To keep it sealed you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh {NW} then not too long they'd begin to use the {X} somebody come out with tin they begin to use tin then you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um now what would you use to pour it from a you know from a in something into a narrow mouth bottle? It it was one of these big things and you'd pour something into it, you'd you'd use it to pour into a narrow-mouth bottle. 625: You know they had funnels. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Yeah # they had funnels {C: mumbling} Interviewer: Alright. Um and you what would you use to urge your horses on when you were when you were driving along? 625: Well some of 'em used {D: didn't have to have mine but} just a line uh if you drive 'em, just a line you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh they got {X} before I was married they got to {X} horse down in the bay. And uh that son of a gun would saddle I I'd go out at night and I had to run the rope around the tree about It was kinda cold and run it around the between between the {D: her} and the tree. I always keep 'em 'til I can get 'em and then I'd get the rope and that thing'd buck like a bucking horse y- you know? And uh I had a buggy I finally got a bi- uh uh top {D: Barnsville} top buggy Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And one day I w- when the I was on the creek swimming I found me a long switch and I cut it and I put it on that thing and then I come and I {D: uh he stopped and I shook shook that} switch man uh that thing like to run away with, I had to {D: tore} it off I didn't I didn't need no switch, oh I had to hold him down. All the time {D: I have a} Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh back to stuff that you put stuff in if you go to the grocery store and bought some fruit the uh the grocer would put 'em in maybe in a what? 625: They had uh bag paper bags to put 'em in. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: Um did you ever uh did you ever see like um stuff that was put in a what would you what would you put sugar in? Like big pounds of sugar would come in a what? 625: It it'd come in a uh Interviewer: Well maybe potatoes. 625: Potatoes, they'd come {D: there} they'd come sugar {D: you'd get 'em the} I know people used to they had uh they had wooden wooden container made outta cypress with a lid on it #1 you know? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Uh-huh. 625: And a handle on it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: We used to use uh that to put a lotta thing in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I remember I remember my mother had something and there was a lot of people that {D: see} and uh and they'd uh they'd they had s- some uh something like that, some of 'em they'd put sugar in it you know? They'd uh get sugar and put 'em in there. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And there they and uh Interviewer: Well alright go ahead I'm sorry. 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What # about corn meal? Y- you know corn meal might come in a would come in if it didn't come in a barrel it would come in a 625: Well well I actually remembered most of the people had had {D: whispmeal} around where they'd gri- grind corn you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they'd bring corn in and have uh uh grinder and just take so much corn {D: Bertoli} you know? Interviewer: #1 Have you ever heard # 625: #2 We were da- # Interviewer: {X} {D: Bertolin?} 625: We have Interviewer: That was uh and what amount was that about? 625: They'd take about uh uh I don't know bushels they'd take about a a gallon I believe. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Wouldn't # take much but just a little bit you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um now did you ever use sacks for anything? What what would you kinda what kinda sacks? Would you ever use 625: Oh yeah there's uh there's uh there's s- {NS} coca sack they call it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they use that to I know {D: here in labor the bay and} make now don't they don't use they're no use to them. They're they're just made out of uh one of the sacks are made out of uh I can't ca- I can't call it right now. But they call 'em coca sack I know the {X} what they're made out of I I Interviewer: Burlap? 625: Burlap. Yeah.{C:mumbles} Yeah.{C:mumbles} Interviewer: Okay. Um uh now when a light burned out you have to put in a new whe- when a when a light burns out in an electric lamp you have to put in a new 625: Bulb. Interviewer: Yeah what kind of bulb a 625: Well {X} At one time they didn't have electricity you know they just have lamp, kerosene lamp. And Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 they # kerosene lamps in room you know they have Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But uh of course uh let's see {X} it was nineteen- I believe it was nineteen- thirties when it started {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Uh little electrification {D: over in the} I was born the first may in the few, the first may and we got uh light uh in Hancock County when it started you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um well going back to what you talking about what do you used to burn in lamps? 625: Kerosene. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what would you call maybe a makeshift lamp that was made out of a rag and a bottle and kerosene? Did you ever have a name for that? 625: I I no I well I wa- I was using them and they'd see seen a lotta people use 'em. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 You know? # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: #1 They # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you know they're called a would you call it a torch or? 625: Uh well I I {NW} I that's what I they'd call 'em yeah torch {D: cuz uh} I have seen camping like that and we'd run outta kerosene we'd go use a skillet upside down put put a put a light on it you know {D: they see} {D: you need the lamp} on the table you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {NW} I I don't know if you ever saw that or not but Interviewer: Yeah. I see. 625: I seen that. Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh if you have a door hinge that's squeaking you'd put what on it? Or 625: We we'd uh well uh I I I {D: I let we kept a} we'd always have a a {X} machine oil that'd we'd uh use {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh when you take your clothes out and hang 'em up on the line you put 'em in a take 'em out there, you'd put 'em in a what? 625: Well the some of 'em would uh would pick 'em up put 'em on their arm, come in and then uh fold 'em and then some uh {D: one} {X} Some of 'em didn't need to be pressed, just fold 'em and some of 'em'd they'd uh put it there and and and press 'em you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Or sometimes they'd lay 'em there and press 'em and {D: then} one time uh I've seen people my mother did, she'd press everything and fold and she'd press it and put it away you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And most people used to do that. Interviewer: Um yeah but you you put 'em in something to carry 'em out to the line maybe. You call that a what? 625: Well uh {D: the the thing they usually} at at one time I remember they had a a big basket. Interviewer: Okay. 625: That they'd put 'em in that {D: to} take 'em out and then they would take 'em out and bring 'em in {X} they had some of them things uh take that long. And they were that big you you know? Interviewer: Okay. Now, you know what nails came in? You know you used to buy nails in these 625: Oh yeah they come in uh keg. Wooden keg {D: handmade wood with the handmade binder} {X} Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} then they'd come in two-hundred pound kegs. Interviewer: And what did you say would run around the barrel to keep the s- staves in place? 625: Hoo- hoops we call them hoops. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh what would you put in the top of a bottle maybe? 625: Well at one time we used cork. Interviewer: Okay. 625: We- now they use caps. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Different thing you know? {D: we we} used cork. Interviewer: Okay. Um and uh didn't what would it be made out of? 625: {X} made out of dry wood they tell me, they get it out of the swamp certain kind of wood it'd be {NW} dry enough and it's spongy like just enough when it it'd work it out. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 625: They they'd dry up and and and it it it {D: It broke there} Interviewer: Okay. Uh now when you're when you're over at the sink water comes outta the what? What is that thing you call it comes out of? 625: Faucet. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if it was outside you know something outside like that would you call it a you have another word for it? 625: Well uh no it's a a we got one there by the house there uh Interviewer: Yeah. 625: A faucet. {D:straight} faucet Interviewer: #1 Okay # 625: #2 over there # by that. Interviewer: What about um Mr Moran when you ever when you had barrels and uh you had to you had to get in the barrel you maybe knocked one of these things in there and you'd turn it on? What would you call that? and the the stuff wha- whatever the liquid that's in the barrel would come flowing out? Do you have a name for that? 625: No I don't uh {D: know that we} uh I would have anything in liquid they'd go over there drill a hole and put a a a a faucet in it so the Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # take it out you know? Interviewer: Alright. Okay. 625: {D: Wouldn't go we'd we'd} I've had my daddy'd made syrup and they had some syrup made and they put it in barrels. And then when we did we had to drill a hole and put a faucet in it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um and what would you do with a ha- with a what would you can you describe the act of say driving a driving a nail in for me? You you'd say you what would you use? 625: We use a well uh just the ordinary thing it is, we use a hammer. And of course it's it depend on some of these uh hammer uh some of these big nail you might need a bigger nail uh hammer you know? That'd have a at least six uh number six the nail's about that long you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} And when the hammer put in you really need a heavy hammer. {D: What happens} Interviewer: Yeah and you you say I took the hammer and I 625: Pulled the nail. Bent the nail over. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Alright. Um now I wondered uh oh, let me ask you a couple of questions. What would you call a little musical instrument that children'd play, you know you hold it up to your mouth? You play it like that? 625: They call that a French horn. Interviewer: French horn? Uh okay. Um now what was thing you held between your teeth and plucked on? 625: A harmonica. Let's see it's it's a uh I know it's {D; something probably got a} little thing the sound hole. Interviewer: Yeah you put it in your mouth you hold it between your teeth and pick it with your fingers to twang. 625: Oh well I think one of them things uh I I used to Interviewer: You know {NW} like 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 that? # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 625: Um {D: I I said uh one} {X} they'd use the French horn, they call 'em harmonicas too there Interviewer: #1 Yeah okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: But this here is a I couldn't take {X} it's been so long since 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Jew's # harp, you ever call it 625: I believe that's what it was something like that. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay Mr Moran, can you tell me about uh all about wagons and and the parts of a wagon and and what you'd you know what you'd use for the wagon? 625: Oh yes. Well you see you got, used to have a hub to make a wheel and the spokes you'd put in it and the rim to put around it uh and the iron. And then we had to heat that iron to shrink it down in and know just how you got to make the ir- w- wood wrench solid enough that you got to have a little wooden wheel between two little slot like that, and on the ground and {X} on it and know how fast they go. And then you tug run it around your iron and tell how much you got for to expand it so it will shrink up from there {X} wheel smaller than that rim when it shrinks. Interviewer: Okay. Um well what would you call the uh uh the thing you put the wheels on? 625: {X} well you got to have an axle with a with a um hub hub on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: With a wheel and and uh and another one on the end to hold it. Interviewer: Okay. Um and uh and what would you call the what'd you call the wood on which the tire was fixed? 625: The it's uh it's made outta rope. Interviewer: Oh I see. When you speak of the felly you ever heard of that word? 625: The what? Interviewer: Do you know what the felly is? 625: Don't believe I do. Interviewer: Okay. Um when a horse is hitched to a wagon what do you call a bar of wood that the traces are fa- fastened onto? 625: shaft. shaft. Interviewer: The shafts? 625: Yeah. And they got the uh the the piece of chain that hooks to it. There's a a there's a singletree on the Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # on the cross piece on the sh- on the shaft. Interviewer: Okay. If you had two horses and each one has a singletree what do you call a thing that both of these are hitched to? 625: Well that's a that's a Interviewer: In order to keep the horses together. 625: That's uh one tow and that's you've got a you've got another tree in the front of the horse. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And a and a doubletree in the back. And the and and the {D: tools tools} singletree on that doubletree you see? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {D: It got} # it got a chain from each uh yoke in the front you got a yoke and it it hook from the collar of each uh uh horse uh ho- hold 'em together. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # And if you pull back that keeps the wagon in position they can't uh they uh roll forward and they back it up {X} Interviewer: Alright um uh now what would you say uh what would you do with a wagon you'd say if uh if there was a log in the road you'd say he'd tie a rope to the log to get it out of the road and you would do what? 625: Well either that or if he had a s- a saw and uh and you knew it was gonna be there you'd take a saw {D: along} and cut it. Roll it out the way. Or either tie uh get the horse to {X} if it's a tree that you could handle and just pull it out of the way. Drag it out the way. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say I tied a rope to it and 625: Tied a ch- uh a rope or chain to it and and and and drag it out the way and and but a lot of times people would go around one until somebody would go there and move the tree. You know they wouldn't take the Interviewer: Okay. 625: They'd get when they'd get tired of going around somebody'd claim firewood. Uh and use it to move the log, just go there and maybe cut it and and uh tie a chain or a rope around it and pull it out the way with a horse you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um now can you tell me about the different sort of things you'd use to rake the ground with in the spring? 625: Well yeah. We use a turning plow. {X} We and there was I they'd always have a two-horse plow and {X} I'd give to one time before the next But we'd use a hor- uh turning plow about just s- seven six seven and eight inches turning plow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then uh we'd do that in the spring and and uh first and then later on we'd uh turn it over in the garden and especially in the garden, we'd turn it over with what they call a hand shovel. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And they'd make the ground better and then they'd plant the garden there. And then they'd {X} by the second time, sometimes the third time they'd plant the corn you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {X} cuz all that stuffs a lot stockpile it early. Interviewer: Okay what would you use to break the ground up finer after 625: Uh uh a half-shovel they'd call it. Interviewer: Half-shovel. Okay. Or uh a harrow? Did you ever use a harrow? 625: Well we'd run that over sometime but {D: a harrow uh} but a few thousand turns {X} with a half-shovel they call it. {X} you'd turn it Interviewer: #1 Ye- yeah. # 625: #2 up uh up and # and actually it it wouldn't it would just be just as {X} Interviewer: Did you ever have a cu- a a double shovel? What'd you call that? 625: Well it Interviewer: Did you ever have a double buster? 625: No I had {D: was it} I had two raised plows, still got it, it's here somewhere. {X} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # Two piece uh piece iron comes uh off like that and they got two plows, one one there close to the {D: coon} one there for the behind. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And they steered the plow {D: corn with} When the corn is little you it that first one there it would uh {D: it'd} you'd raise it up a little and put a little bit of uh dirt and the other one'd uh bring it up a little further. And keep uh all that big carpet grass out you see? Interviewer: Okay. 625: And {D: then run it} one time you'd have it maybe whatever it would cover the grass {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um now what would you call an X-shaped frame that you'd lay logs across to cut 'em into stove lengths? You know maybe uh the you'd you'd put a sawbuck on it? I mean you put a saw uh I mean a a you you'd use it to saw logs. 625: #1 {D: lay it across} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: Cross-cut saw. You'd use a cross-cut saw, when I I I never put put 'em on top of just cut a tree down and cut it to length {D: raise it to length} {D: wood and} cut cut the fire blocks you know? Choke and the whole Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # {X} Uh the hogs the {D: hounds} they'd split it up and stack it there, let it dry. Interviewer: Yeah well these this thing was a type you know it was the type thing you might put on you might use for the foundation of a table, a couple of 'em. You'd you'd have a couple of 'em and you'd lay something across it maybe. And cut 'em. What do you call those things you lay 'em across? With an X- 625: #1 Well well # Interviewer: #2 shape? # 625: I know what you're talking about, it's a it's a a crosspiece. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: I got} and uh and one in the center. And the one at the bottom to keep the legs straight you know for the {D: moon} there. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh uh you could cut 'em up uh uh {D: out of the} use 'em like they're blocks. Something I'd have as much as three like that you know? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 And # two of 'em would be close {D: without} {D: if the wood had} {D: had to short it} cutting that short piece there. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Do you have a name for it? 625: Well it's a a I I'd call it a three-legged uh Interviewer: Sawbuck or sawhorse? 625: Yeah th- thr- thr- three-legged sawhor- sawhorse is what we call it, that's what we call it with three legs on it. Interviewer: Okay. Alright um now uh you what would you use to straighten your h- to to fix your hair? 625: A a comb we used to comb with a brush. Interviewer: Okay. Um. They used to say you would you'd take that and you'd what would you do? 625: Well I'd comb my I'd comb my hair and then use the brush and brush it freshen up Interviewer: Okay. Um and what would you use to sharpen a razor on? 625: A a a well they call a regular razor rock you know? And it's uh {X} razor on it. It's smooth as it could be you know? Interviewer: Razor {D: hummer?} Yeah. Okay. Um did you ever call it a {D: strawhook} {D: my mother had} that they had a razor strop too. I I I h- I still got one somewhere I don't know where it is. I got that thing about thirty thirty some years. Okay. 625: {D: well worn} I've always worn uh uh razor like that then strop it. And uh I I wore it I worn many a razor, I've never did have somebody sharpen it, I'd do it my own there. Every time I'd shave I'd rub {X} just a few times and I'd take that strop and and then I'd wipe it good and dry it good. It wasn't no trouble with that. Interviewer: Did you uh did you have a name for what were the the types of things you would uh you would maybe sharpen an axe with? You had one was kind of a Well a grindstone. t- t- turn it you know {D: wheel on} grindstone one at a time {X} {D: get the axe it} Yeah. Okay. The the one that would turn? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: You call it a grindstone? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have a name for the one that would just sit flat and you'd you know you'd use turned over on the 625: Well the the they still have them, they call them uh uh Interviewer: Like to sharpen 625: Wet uh rock, a whetrock. You know? Interviewer: Whetrock? 625: Yeah I got I got two of 'em now little knife rocks with that loam you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: You use to sharpen knives on. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what would you use to put in a gun? What what do you call the ammunition you put in a gun? 625: Well the first gun I ever used I used, it had a muzzle on it, put a little powder in it and put a wad in it and crank it good and then you'd put some shot in, you'd put another wad Interviewer: #1 Inside # 625: #2 in it. # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # And pack it good and then you put a cap on the the a cap on it and you had to put the {X} take it and shoot it. And uh I've I've I've done that, load that a many times. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # And uh we had one in that double barrel. {X} then uh I'd guess he'd gone on to some {D: bunch of stuffed up} {D: Put in in the ground and} and then he'd load it and he'd didn't know it and when shot it, it busted just about that far from the end you know? Because it stopped up the dirt. Interviewer: Uh-oh. {NW} It busted huh? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Um well what'd you call, what do you call the stuff you use now? That now they use in a shotgun they might put 625: Uh they use shells now. Interviewer: Okay. But in a in a uh in a in a maybe a a rifle you'd use 625: Bullet. Interviewer: Bullets or did you ever have a na- another name for 'em? Did you ever call 'em uh well what would you put in a revolver? 625: Cartridge Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um can you tell me about some of the games I mean some of the things you used to have to play with when you where a young kid. Uh 625: Well we played ball, we played marbles. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Uh I don't know, we'd play games at school, all kinda games. Interviewer: Um did you ever have a plank maybe that was laid over a trestle at school? 625: Well we'd cut down a tree {X} I'd cut down trees and cut the {D: top uh} around the top. And and maybe a straight tree, long tree and try to balance and {D: grab a hold of} {D: violet} in the center Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And maybe with a little curve in it and drill a hole in the stock and put a {D: book} in that {D: paying and} we'd ride that thing, push it around you know? Interviewer: Oh 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What'd you ca- # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 625: We call them uh s- uh uh s- s- uh uh ridey-horses. Uh or uh sea- {D: seashores.} And uh Interviewer: They went around? 625: Went round and round as long as somebody push it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then uh then they'd get on and and somebody else would change around and push around. Interviewer: You call that a ridey-horse? 625: Yeah. And uh then we'd sometime we'd just {D: threw that one who'd} get on there and just ride up and down on it you know? Interviewer: Yeah 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 and what'd # what'd you call that? 625: Well we'd just uh call it uh a just balance up and down and and then we'd we two would just slide one foot one way and finally we'd swing another one {X} I two at a time you know? That's Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: two. Interviewer: Did you ever call it a seesaw or a 625: Yeah we'd call it seesaw or riding horse {X} Interviewer: Ridey-horse okay. Um Mr Moran, did you ever have a board say that was fixed on both ends, it was a loose limber board, you'd get in the middle and jump up and down on it? You ever see one of those? 625: No I don't think so Interviewer: Okay. Alright um now you say about when you're talking about going around on that thing or or uh jumping u- or going like this on it you'd say you were doing what? You have a word for it? 625: Yeah. {D: Well never see it} now the up and down you go just uh Interviewer: Yeah. You were teeter-tottering or swinging 625: Something like that you know I don't know {X} just what we did call it {D: I believe} we'd uh sometimes somebody'd say that {X} {D: wagon horse.} sw- swa- swing or it it called different things you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um did you have a name for the things that were that were you know, you'd tie over a tree limb and get in 'em and they'd go like this? 625: Oh yeah. We had them. {NW} {D: child would} roll 'em over {D: and} swing we'd call that a just call that a swing you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And some of them were maybe twenty to thirty feet long you know? Some people'd climb up on a big old limb and tie them thing and go so far that they that thing would go {D: glance} swing back down you know? Interviewer: {NW} Um uh Mr Moran what would you call, what would you use to carry coal in? What was it you use to carry coal in? 625: I- in the in sacks burlap sack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um did did you have something you'd bring it in from the pile maybe in? Uh if you had a coal pile when you bring it in in a 625: Oh in we usually had a a bucket or something to bring it in you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: A regular bucket {X} call it a coal bucket, you'd carry it in from the you'd take coal and things you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um now what was it that runs from the stovepipe to the chimney you were telling me? What do you call that? It runs from the stovepipe up to the chimney. 625: Uh It'd be a flue it's be they'd call that. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Well um what's the difference between this flue and the stovepipe? 625: Well the flue went up the stovepipe goes through you know? Interviewer: I see. Okay. And uh so this runs from the stove to the chimney? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: What what'd you call that? You call it the stovepipe? 625: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah the stovepipe and then you got elbow if you go in the to the chimney you see? But most of uh mansion mansion people were the only ones who that's uh chimney. Now there's some of 'em did {X} go all the way through the ground on up and then they'd run uh four or five {X} the smoke would go on up you see? Interviewer: I see. And uh they'd put a elbow in it and run through there. And uh and uh then s- some of 'em would would put in through the window. They'd put a piece of tin around cut it fit the stovepipe through the window and put basing outside and run the stovepipe through the window you see? 625: Okay. Interviewer: And it worked good. And then they'd put a elbow and run it up, put a cap on the top of it you see? Okay. Um let's see, can you drive a a one of the things now uh C- can you drive a car? 625: Yeah. I can drive a car. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh if something is squeaking in the car, you gotta lubricate it, you take it in and you'd say they you want it you ask 'em to do what? You ask them to 625: Ask them to check the car and see what's causing it. Interviewer: Yeah but s- specifically if you knew what it was you'd ask 'em to do what? Grease it? W- 625: Oh yeah I'd I'd uh uh I- I'd tell 'em I want a have it greased, lubricated or can change the oil too you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: I usually do that sometime uh change the before I do hardly ever {X} never let never let it. Always have 'em so often I have 'em change the oil and grease such you see? Interviewer: If grease got all over your hands you'd say they were 625: Gr- greasy. Interviewer: Okay. Um now toothpaste comes in a what? Toothpaste? It comes in a 625: Tube. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you said if you said you were going to put a boat in the water you were going to what were you going to do to that boat? You'd just 625: Well if we do what? Interviewer: If you had just made a boat you were going to put it in the water you'd say you were gonna do what to it? 625: Uh you know usually these big boats they put 'em in there and usually they push 'em and ca- Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah and you'd call it uh what would you say about the boat, you were 625: {D: I} Uh they'll baptize it I'm guessing. I don't know Interviewer: #1 No non # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I wasn't talking about that I just I was just saying uh if you you know just the process of putting say maybe a boat in the water. Any sort of boat, you know not a big boat. You'd say you were uh launching it? Did you ever say that? 625: Oh yeah well yeah launching boats yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: We have them} {D: see that now} {D: think about it} Interviewer: Okay. Can you tell me the kind of boats you'd have? What what would you call a boat you go fishing in a small lake? 625: Well call it a s- a s- a s- a skip most of 'em they'd call Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 625: #2 them # skips. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah but what in na- where those the ones that had really uh flat bottoms? What would you call those? You know the little boats kinda squared off with a real flat bottom you'd get in? You call that a skip? 625: What they usually do here they then they put it out and put water in it you know they Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: {D: Yeah.} They put it a well {X} weren't supposed to use {X} {X} you know? Interviewer: Yeah the- these were made out of wood. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Cypress. {X} Interviewer: Did you ever call it a pirogue? 625: We ah uh I seen pirogues yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I've rowed 'em once or twice but {X} Interviewer: Uh what are they called, what are they what's the difference between them and a 625: A pirogue is a little old round thing and the the you move each of the things out of it turn over you know? Interviewer: Oh is that so? It's smaller than a flat-bottom boat? 625: Oh yeah it is almost round. {D: Pirogue.} Interviewer: Huh. Was it was it usually was it a hollowed out log or? 625: No uh well uh I think uh they have uh have been made some outta hollow logs. And uh I remember going on the creek to find the some {D: but} trees there about run all the way put 'em in the water and and get on 'em and and ride 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But they're {D: one} piece you know they'd there {D: they'd hold a sap for me and they get a} {D: big hull a lapped top of wood burn the inside} you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh {NW} you couldn't use it for we just built it for and run it down the creek the creek was high you know? Interviewer: I see. Um 625: What in the world {NW} you gonna do with all that? Interviewer: I just want to ask you questions about you know what you call these things. Uh. What would you put on when you go out in the wintertime? 625: I'd put heavy under-clothes and wool clothes. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Suit and and usually wear a overcoat. Interviewer: Okay. Uh um sometimes between your coat and your shirt though you'd wear a what? 625: I'd wear a flannel shirts. Interviewer: Okay but did you have maybe when you're wearing a suit 625: Uh-huh. Interviewer: You had a three-piece suit, what w- 625: {D: the} Interviewer: What were the three pieces of a suit? 625: Well {NW} well there's but that's been a long time since they uh {X} you don't have no vests on over it. Interviewer: B- tho- those are coming back in now. 625: I noticed that with some of the fellas recently I noticed that. Interviewer: {NW} 625: Yeah. I have met I used to uh have a vest that's been a long long time ago. Interviewer: Okay you wear the vest and you'd also have something to go over the vest, you'd call that the That would be the #1 what? # 625: #2 The # coat. Interviewer: And then you'd have 625: Pants. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Trousers. Interviewer: Trousers. 625: {D: Trousers} #1 {D: they call 'em} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. Um if you said that you'd got to {D: in my coat} won't fit me this you say this coat won't fit me this year but last year it perfectly 625: It perfectly fit. Interviewer: Fit 625: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 me? # 625: but it's Interviewer: Okay. So this year it doesn't um if you go outdoors without your coat without your coat somebody might run out and say uh um somebody might bring you your coat, you'd say here and he'd run out and say here I brought you I what I 625: I brought your coat {X} {D: out there.} Interviewer: Okay. {D: Okay} Okay. Um if your old clothes wore out you'd have to buy if your old suit wore out you'd have to buy a 625: A new suit. Interviewer: Okay. And if you stuff a lot of po- things in your pocket it makes 'em 625: Bulge out. Interviewer: Okay. Um now did you ever wear um things on the farm or that were that that were that came all the way up and had you know had built in suspenders on? 625: Oh yeah I wo- I wore suspenders. Interviewer: You wore 625: #1 wore # Interviewer: #2 su- # suspenders? 625: I wore I wore one I bought one overall in my life {X} Interviewer: {NW} 625: One overall. Interviewer: Okay. 625: I'd wear it when I'd uh work around the house garden and things like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: That's the only one of it {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um if you put maybe a sweater in hot water what would it do to the sweater? 625: If it's wool it'll draw it out. Interviewer: Draw it up? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say um you'd say uh this shirt isn't uh you'd say the the sweater I washed yesterday 625: Drawed up {X} Interviewer: Draw it up okay. Um what would you hold over you when it rained? 625: An umbrella. Interviewer: Okay. And uh a woman would wear around her wai- uh around her wrist she'd wear maybe a 625: A wristwatch or a Interviewer: Yeah but if it was just for decoration? 625: She'd just wear a a wristband or {D: whatever} {NW} rou- around it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever call it a bracelet? 625: Bracelet something Interviewer: Okay. And what would she use to carry her things in her you know her coins in when she was going somewhere? 625: {X} you have a a purse or {D: you carry all of them} Interviewer: Okay. Mr Moran when a girl uh was going out to a party or going out somewhere you'd say something about her maybe wanting to look good or something like that what would you say she would do? 625: how's that? Interviewer: Um If a girl had to go out to a party or she wanted to put on some good clothes what would you say she was doing? 625: Well she's dressing up she's dressed up. Interviewer: Dressed up. Okay. Alright. 625: {NW} And I'll tell you {X} you're not making it testing me for the government there see what the first {D: girl no} {NW} Interviewer: I wouldn't be asking you these questions if I was. 625: {NW} Interviewer: I just ask you you know I just you know asking about things. 625: Uh Interviewer: {D: You know kinda} Um now what was the last thing you put on a bed? 625: Well you see you put it on a bed it'd be a a a quilt. Interviewer: Quilt? Uh-huh. 625: Or or blanket now I use a I use a blanket blanket cuz on the uh {D: steel for the} blanket or it's spread over. Interviewer: Okay. Um well and you lie your head on what? 625: Pillow. Interviewer: Did you ever have a long pillow that used to go all the way across the bed? 625: Yes. {NW} my mother used to have something like that you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you have a name for it? 625: Well it's been so long I don't know but I I bet she did but but I know it was uh mighty handy you you you had it it was as long as the pillow {X} bed was they didn't have no trouble to find a pillow. Interviewer: Yeah it just went it started on one end of the bed and went 625: All the way across. Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: {D; Did you yeah} did you ever call it a bolster? Or 625: And I I wouldn't remember but I I it it's been so long and my Interviewer: Okay. 625: If we got bigger then she'd be in the make pillows out of uh goose feather she'd pick 'em you know and uh scald 'em and then uh she made the pillows {X} Interviewer: Goose feathers? 625: Yeah. She even had a a a a bed that was all made out of uh goose feathers. Pick 'em two or three times a year. Interviewer: Hmm. 625: {D: Unfortunate.} Interviewer: Um what would you call you know maybe a makeshift bed on the floor that kids'd sleep on? 625: Oh it they'd call that a pallet. I used to like to sleep on it when I was a kid that's what is {X} they'd lay down there, boy I could sleep better than I could in a bed {D: at night} Interviewer: That's why you grew so tall and straight? 625: Maybe so. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: How tall are you Mr Moran? 625: Uh I think I'm about six-foot-one. Interviewer: You a tall man, I bet you were considered tall for your day. 625: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: Because I mean you know now I'm six-foot-seven. 625: Uh-huh. Interviewer: But and I'm considered tall for my day but back in your day there weren't that many people taller than you. 625: No. {D: No the} had a few or some of the {D: Bill} not too many, I went to school {D: Santa's Lodge} there's a a fella there and he was seven-foot-six I believe. Interviewer: #1 Seven-foot-six? # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # He was all around athletic. everywhere he run he won and he was run and doing his Interviewer: Where was he from? Africa? 625: No he I {D: knew knew uh} he was uh six-foot-seven, I said seven-foot-six. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 No # I had it backward. Six-foot-seven he was. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. That's pretty tall. I got a nephew a grandson {D: okay} he's six-foot-four there. May he just finished four-year college {X} got a scholarship from high school and then went to college four year play uh uh basketball. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: He got two more years to go you know, he wants to be a veterinarian. Interviewer: Um well uh could you tell me about uh all the can you tell me something about the geography of the area? You know what about the land and stuff like that. 625: Well uh how you mean in the change uh {D: really} change it around here. Interviewer: No I I just wanna uh ask you some stuff about you know how the land uh what would you call parts of the land and and uh you know you'd have a name for a certain part of the land and then another part of the land depending on you know what was on the land or its elevation or or you know was there water standing in or things like that. Can you tell me about stuff like that? 625: Well we have what they call here a rural land and and uh hill there Interviewer: Okay. 625: And uh some things just uh we have uh places yellow and high where it's rigid a little bit and it's sandy, and when it rain it washes uh out you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And some and some places where it's uh low land and there's uh different soil uh where it not so sandy and won't wash away so bad and the they wash away a little not enough to hurt. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And it's it's good farming land as long as it's not too wet and when it dries it'll stand there and do uh stand more dry water than where it's sandy {X} black loam land they call it. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And uh this heavy uh it's hill and land and here it's sandy it washes back. It it does good and sometime you have uh if it washes too much you have to work it several time before you rub back the soil you see? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Several years. Interviewer: Okay you'd say land that was good land you'd say it was yeah 625: It your land is not {X} too flat to it's it's just a little a little rolling to it. You know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: Never spot} green uh you find whether farm land. And if uh it's slope if that slope there little uh what is where it's it's hilly and uh uh ups and down the hill. I- it makes it bad to farm. Interviewer: Okay. Um w- what would you call that land, that low-lying grassland, did you have a name for it? Where you couldn't maybe raise anything? 625: Uh they call that a f- a flat flat yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Okay um 625: Yea- Cu- and and you can't absolute can't raise nothing in there. A place like that. Interviewer: Cuz it was it wha- what would it have in it? 625: It it just uh uh uh there's there's no uh there's no soil in it at all {X} I don't know what it is it just a Interviewer: #1 Sand {D: dune} # 625: #2 {X} # Not even sand, there wasn't no sand there's in it there there there's nothing there that grow anything, the people tried it you know? Interviewer: It's not uh not fertile? 625: Not fertile. There was nothing fertile in it no. {D: And if you} put fertile in it it's got no foundation, it'd go right through {D: they want it} {X} It it wash out and seep in it does you know? Interviewer: I see. 625: {D: Yea} there's no there's no uh subsoil on it to hold uh the the soil and the fertilizer you see? Interviewer: Okay. Um what what did you call the uh what would you call a place that had water standing in it all the time? Maybe you know a place that just had water in it all the time? 625: Uh you'd call that some of 'em a pond and some of 'em a spring {X} water comes out of a spring and then Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # that's another place that uh #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah but this # this was maybe where it would rain and it would flood this area? 625: Uh Interviewer: And uh you know they'd have grass and all sorts of stuff growing there but it it'd just be flooded all the time, what would you call that? Did you ever have a name for it? 625: Well uh yeah we have somebody call it a branch you know? Something like that you know {D: a hollow} Interviewer: Okay. 625: But branches you know? Some some places. Interviewer: Alright. Um 625: And you have place where they grow {X} they grow a lot of timber {D: and stuff} look like a hardwood and say you'd call it {X} you'd clean that up it's good farm land. {D: that's what it is} Good {D: barn up} there you see? Interviewer: Okay. Um now can you tell me places about tell me about the places where water would flow. All the different names you'd have for the places where water would flow. 625: Well there's uh uh uh creeks is one place they have {D: these days} creek and then these branches. And uh {D: slow pace} between the hill hills they have places uh run from one place to another and uh Interviewer: Okay. 625: Mostly they have little what they call branches li- like {D: snooze snooze right there} Interviewer: Okay. If there's been a heavy rain maybe and uh the rain has cut a channel across a road or a field 625: That'd be a wash-out {X} {X} it it does happen sometimes when they uh they'll have people {X} {NS} {D: call it} {D: they'll call it down} to refill it and use it for the {D: carpet and things for to clean the carpet you know} Interviewer: Okay. What if there was a deep narrow valley that was cut by one of those things, what would you call that? 625: Well I guess they'd call that a a a a wash-out you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Or um what about what about {D: shallow arm of} the sea? Where uh the water would come in and flow out and flow in with the tide? Do you have a name for that? 625: N- No {X} tide they usually have tide, tide rolls up and down the {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: And well it} Interviewer: yeah but these were little these were little places where you know the water might flow in and flow out again. Did you ever have a name for those? 625: Uh no not that I know of I know they'll come up the water come up and fill in in some of these spots around there and then they'd go down there {D: hold at it} {X} mud hole I guess it {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um what a- what about did you have any names for any different types of soil Mr Moran? Like I know you know in your in your days of uh of uh surveying lumber and things like that you must have taken a look at the types of soil you had. 625: Oh yes well they had uh what they call uh {NW} uh sandy soil and heavy uh {D: loose} soil. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Black black soil you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} this soil here uh you got out there uh when it dry the places it's right around here this place here you go out there it's it's {D: petty moisture} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: It's heavier {D: the new soil} will hold moisture {D: longer} {X} It's sandy soil uh on there {X} in Hancock County it was uh {NW} sandy soil it was some of the best soil in the country. But when it got too dry it it it it's bad on the anything you planted you see. Interviewer: Okay. 625: It was wo- worst when the with the years when it get too dry. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what would you call a little um narrow rise in the la- a little rise in the land? Did you have a name for that? Maybe a little place where the uh where land would kinda come up if there wasn't lowland you say the land was 625: Uh uh it was uh highland or uh little ridge uh. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Ridge you know? Or hill they call it, some of 'em call a little hill a ridge. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if you wanted to get water off a marsh you would you'd say they were, if they were getting water off the march you'd say they was doing what to the marsh? 625: They was uh drained it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # They had gullies here places. Interviewer: And what what would you call the things that you dug to to do that? 625: Well you'd dig ditches {C: tape distorts} {X} go out there with a machine and uh {C: tape distorts} {X} 'em. {C: tape distorts} And uh drag drag {C: tape distorts} {D: down in big holes} {C: tape distorts} They done that all over the coast yonder {C: tape distorts} around the big and {C: tape distorts} {D: rough} {C: tape distorts} {X} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape distorts} Did you have a name Mr Moran for something that was higher {C: tape distorts} Interviewer: Uh what would you call mr Moran a something that is larger than a hill? Something higher than a hill? 625: Uh well I I guess a a a mountain would be one thing. Interviewer: Okay. And if you came to the edge of a mountain and it and it drops off real sharply you know and there was a big long drop what would you call that it's rocky and everything? 625: Well uh I guess you'd call it a a steep steep {D: hallway} no steep s- slope {D: down} Very steep uh {X} place where you couldn't hardly c- climb up you know it's too call it very steep place mountain is steep you know? There's some place on one side that'd be steep the other place they'd be side may be level you see? Interviewer: Uh up in the mountains if you found a road that went through a low place between the mountains would you have a name for that? Or you could al- this would also be the name of a maybe a a deep hollow you cut out of a piece of wood. 625: Well u- usually they call that between two hill like that a valley you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: A valley goes through, between two mountains. Interviewer: Okay. Um well if it okay if it was kind of winding around 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a place where boats stopped and were unloaded? 625: Uh dock. Interviewer: And what would you call a place where a large amount of water would fall over? A long distance. 625: Uh well a waterfall. Interviewer: Um now can you tell me about the types of roads you had? What would you call a a hard white paved road? 625: Well at at one time of course you know they had nothing but a wagon trail. Then after that we had they built push out the stump then some of 'em would cut 'em out and and grate it up and uh put put gravel over it, that's all that and a good road. And later on they'd come along and uh and uh built better roads that uh {D: travel} tear up those roads and get the rest of the stump that didn't get out there before you know? They'd dig 'em up with a big machine Aux: Is Donald here? 625: What? Aux: {X} Is she over here? 625: No ain't nobody here. Aux: I'm gonna get my pictures while I'm here. Interviewer: Okay well go ahead you were you were talking about roads. 625: Yeah. And uh the- then they at later then they come along and they'd they'd tear up this ground and built it up make sure that uh the big old soft place in it. They'd tear they'd uh {X} uh start a little bit harsher then he glide down and plow it and tear it up get all the root and everything out and then they'd uh uh uh build uh the gravel road and they lay it on, they'd come and they finally come and then uh and then wind these road and do the same thing that they'd put uh uh gravel on it and let it set good and then they'd come back maybe a year after and put blacktop on it but and uh some {X} later after putting there they'd put some {D: finer} gravel in it uh call it oh maybe ten months a year after there they'd uh put a little tin {D: put a car on it} uh tar on it and put some uh fine pea gravel over it you know and they they'd call that uh uh uh when they sh- finishing touch to it you know? And then they'd seal it, they'd seal the wo- the dirt the water wouldn't go through it there the tar you see? Interviewer: Um what would you call a little road that goes off of the main road? Say maybe a road that went off the main road somewhere. 625: Well they'd call that a little little c- country road you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose you went to a man's farm or his house and you got off of a public road and came to the turnoff going down to his house or it was on that man's land, what would you call that road? 625: Well {D: it} you'd call it a some of it would be a private road for his house, a a community road you know? Maybe past two or three houses and get to his house. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh what would you what's what what is it on the side of the street that people walk on in towns? Do you have a name for that? 625: Well they have a maybe a cement walkway you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: That's special for people to walk on. Interviewer: Okay. And did you have a little name for the wha- I mean did you know what did you ever see a strip of grass between the between the sidewalk and the the cement walk and the road? What'd you call that? Did you ever have a name for that? 625: Well uh if it was uh black uh if it was a cement a blacktop road there usually wasn't nothing growing in there to grow the the the road'd be {X} kept the grass from growing in the ditch you see? And that uh then they usually pull that every year the sand and then they pick it up they'll pull the ditch a little even with the up to the gravel and then they'll have a scoop and come and pick that up you see? Interviewer: Um if you were walking down the road and a dog jumped out at you but you didn't have a stick or anything like that what would you do? 625: Well I Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 tell ya # I I wouldn't run from it I'd I'd charge him I'd I'd get after him. I'd I'd get right {D: down} fighting I'd take my hat a- and and uh run ou- run him and run him out out the way or {D: shake them} I have went in every yard in Hancock County and part of Harrison County there {X} and Hancock County from three to five six different times and I never stop at the gate, I'd {X} a dog uh one went to one place one guy told me he wouldn't go in the house for nothing in the world, that yard and the dog was sitting on the there was nobody there. {D: he} wanted to go there and put them things {X} cuz I'll go in there I went in there and I opened the gate that dog was sitting on that porch and I told him get out there, you go back in the back go it get out get away from here, he went on the {D: magnum} {X} and he I never did see him no more, I never stopped at the gates for a dog in my life. I neve- a dog know just as well as you do when you're scared of him. Interviewer: Would you might pick up a rock and you'd 625: No I never picked up nothing I just get out, get after him and get I said get away you Then he he maybe there was a act straight up and he'd get away from that too. {NW} He never did now some people won't go in the yard for nothing in the world but I had done that a many times. Interviewer: Okay. Now if but if you wanted to scare off a bird or something like that a bird from a tree you might pick up a rock and what would and you would do what? 625: Oh yeah you'd {D: thr-} throw it at him and and naturally that'll run him off. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you went to someone's house and uh and they weren't there or you went to someone one's house and he isn't there if someone came to the door of the house they'd say no he's he 625: He's not home? Interviewer: Okay. Um or if they let you in the house and you were in the front room say the living room and they were the and sh- they were in the back maybe it in the kitchen they would say to you she's 625: She's uh she's in the kitchen come on come on back in the in the back she's in the kitchen. Interviewer: Um now talking about putting milk in coffee some people like like coffee 625: They call it they like th- black without sugar in it some of 'em would take sugar. Coffee with sugar. Some of 'em would take coffee with cream and sugar. Interviewer: Okay. Some of it li- some people like it with and other people like it 625: You mean coffee? Interviewer: Yeah. Some people like it with milk or sugar 625: #1 Oh yes some # Interviewer: #2 some people li- # 625: people like it with milk Interviewer: And others like it 625: With s- with sugar and milk. And some people liked it without sugar. Interviewer: O- 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 -kay # 625: or mil- or milk either one. Interviewer: Okay. If someone is not going away from you they're coming 625: Coming to me. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Or coming tow- 625: Towards us. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Um if you hadn't seen someone in a long time and uh you uh you met him in town, instead of saying you met him you'd say I ran in town I ran 625: I ran ac- across a friend of mine. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if a child is given the same name as her mother you would say that they named the child 625: After his mother. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh if you were gonna call your dog to attack another dog what would you say to it? Do you have a word? 625: Yeah I'd call him by name, I'd say come here c- come here followed by whatever I call him I said come here and I'd say and then he'd come uh he I say get him, I'd put him right in and say get him, {D: get him} I mean he he take action too. Interviewer: Did you ever have a name for a mixed-breed dog? 625: Uh well uh I guess I have. Interviewer: You know a worthless kind of dog or one that was kinda offspring of two different dogs? 625: Yeah. I had one offspring with two uh had a little puppy about two weeks old and my oldest grandson dropped it and it fell on his head and and uh {X} that that his head swole a little bit. And I told him he'd busted he'd just learn to talk I said and everybody was was trying to pick him up and telling me leave that poor boy you'll hurt him then And that dog's name stayed Bobo, we called him Bobo. And then he had a we had offspring from him two of 'em and everybody then they called him Bobo from different dogs you know? They was three different dogs went by that name. Interviewer: So so uh you might call it a dog a worthless dog or a dog that you just found or something that was wandering around you'd call them a what? A mongrel or a bobo? 625: No no uh uh uh we'd call them a stray dog you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: This is one I raised I mean I some I'd raise, I had another one {D: them} I'd call him Ned and at night he'd wake me up if possums come round there and he he he wake me up so I could I'd go out there and he he never attacked 'em when I got out there, when I'd get that I'd say get him Ned. He'd never stop me kill that possum too, he'd get to where he'd kill 'em. Interviewer: If uh if a dog was fierce and always like to bit peo- bite people would you say if a boy came up to him and you'd say the boy was 625: Bit by the dog? Interviewer: Yeah or you say he got 625: He got scared of the dog. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Um now in a herd of cattle what would you call the male? 625: Well uh that is uh {X} the room we used to work in we'd have a a a a bull and had oxen then they would castrate it a- and and uh {X} and feed 'em they call 'em steer steer you see. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Then uh uh uh one they'd keep a male they'd keep for breeding they call him a bull. And the one of course that they they usually I know a lot of people up there now will keep the steer 'til about a year old and they'll castrate him and they call them steers then they feed 'em good and then they sell 'em to the butcher you see? Um did you ever have another name for a for a for a bull around a woman, you'd call 'em around a woman? You ever have a polite name you'd use around woman women? For a for a bull or do y'all just always call them a bull? Well uh some some of 'em would ca- call 'em a a male y- ya know? Interviewer: Okay. Now uh a little one when it's first born is called a 625: A a calf. Interviewer: Um now riding animals are called 625: Well horses mostly what they'll Interviewer: #1 Okay and # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: a female is called a 625: A mare. Interviewer: Alright. And a male is called a 625: A horse. If he's uh castrated if he's kept a horse well maybe he's called you call a stallion or a stable horse you call 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um If a little child uh well uh now the things that you put on horses' shoes on horses' feet to protect 'em would be called their Used to hammer 'em in? 625: Uh they call them they call them horse shoes. Interviewer: Okay. And what part of the feet would you put them on? 625: They'd put 'em on their and drive a nail sideways so it come on the edge of their hoof there there'd be no feeling in it you know? Interviewer: Okay. And you call the things they put them on you call their 625: Sh- shoe and the the other was a {D: regular uh} nail they put on and Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {D: you know?} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: I I'm talking about the the part of the horse's foot, you called it the horse's 625: Oh hoof. Hoof yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Um did you what was the game you used to play with those things pitching 'em? 625: Well it uh they'd have sticks so far apart and they'd they'd uh they'd they'd throw them uh call it game of pitching horseshoe you know? Interviewer: #1 Okay # 625: #2 and the # one uh the one'd ring it uh cl- uh hit the closest to it would win a point you know? Interviewer: Okay. If a little child went to bed in the morning and woke up on the floor he'd say well I guess I must've fell 625: Fell off the bed and went to sleep on the floor. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the male sheep? 625: Call them a ram. Interviewer: And the female sheep. 625: A ewe. Interviewer: And what do they have on their backs? 625: Wool. Interviewer: And the male hog? 625: Call them a boar. Interviewer: Okay and what about a hog that's been castrated? 625: A a a barrow Interviewer: Okay. Um now a little little one when it's first born you call a 625: A pig. Baby pig. Interviewer: And uh did you have a name for wild one of the wild hog that'd been uh that had grown up wild, a hog that had just been out in the woods? 625: Well you you call 'em a a wild hog you know a Interviewer: Okay. 625: Well that's the only {X} uh down to where they all just come and be a hog too you know? They would Interviewer: Um what was the stiff stuff a hogs had on their back? 625: Well it was a {D: pear} It's {X} back when they'd get mad or something like that them things would be too too two two or three inches long some of 'em you know, they they'd splay 'em right straight up you know? Interviewer: Yeah they was stiff-haired they called 'em what? Did they have a name for 'em? 625: Well uh if they did I don't remember Interviewer: #1 call 'em # 625: #2 but # Interviewer: bristles? 625: Bristles. {X} Well uh I guess they call 'em that too, bristles but they {X} mostly. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the big teeth a hog has? 625: #1 We call them # Interviewer: #2 What'd you call # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 625: tushes. Interviewer: Okay. And uh now the thi- the thing you put the feed for the hogs in you call that a say those were called 625: Well some of 'em w- uh uh troughs. Troughs you'd put the feed in you see? Interviewer: Okay. Um now what about the noise a cat would make when it was being weened? You'd say the cat began to 625: Began to {D: low} {D: low} you know? {D: It sound the cat mighty low like a} momma there. That's where you Interviewer: Yeah. 625: where you start you know? Interviewer: Well did you have a different name like you might a cow might uh you'd say a a noise made by a cow during feeding time you'd say it began to began to low? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Well did the did the cat maybe make a different noise? 625: Well yeah he made a just a uh kinda s- solid dry or {D: noise it light} mighty noise you know? Interviewer: Okay. What would you say it began to to bawl or? Or did you have another word for it? 625: No it was just like a no like a child it's like when you cry the want to he want to low but he could just make one noise you know? One {D: I've seen} {X} had something like that you can hear it you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the gentle noise a horse would make during feeding time you'd say the horse began to you know he'd go {NW} 625: {D: Dodo} w- whicker. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah whicker. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you got a bunch of hungry animals you're going out to feed did you ever have a word for 'em, you'd call all of 'em saying you going out to feed the 625: Well uh uh uh I guess you'd call it g- going out to feed the stock you know Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {NW} # had more than one to feed. Interviewer: Now if you're gonna feed all the feathered animals all the all the turkeys, geese, and chickens you'd can call them the 625: Poultry. Interviewer: Okay. Um a hen did you ever have a name for a hen on a nest of eggs? 625: Oh yeah the the uh s- s- {D: satin} setting it'd be setting. Interviewer: Uh what about the place where they live? 625: Well they have a chicken house and a rooster {X} Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: Picked to cause} when they'd roost, they roost {X} Interviewer: Alright. When you eat when you eat a chicken did you ever have a little bone {D: that you} two kids grab a hold of and try to pull apart? 625: Oh yeah call that the wishbone. Interviewer: Okay. Um What about the inside parts of the chicken you'd eat? Did you what'd you have a name did you have a name for those? 625: Yeah you you you'd eat the the gizzard and the liver. About all that you'd eat inside. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um did you ever have a part you'd stuff sausage with? 625: Oh yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Get get uh uh entrails from hogs wash 'em out turn 'em uh turn 'em uh inside-out. Scrape 'em good and then scald 'em and then uh wash 'em good and put 'em in there and then later on you you you they got to now like now you can buy those things. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: You don't have to do that. But at one time they didn't have them, you had to make 'em yourself. Interviewer: Okay. Um now when it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you say it's when it was time, when there was time of day you had to feed the stock and do the chores you'd 625: #1 {D: Oh yeah} # Interviewer: #2 say it # was 625: Lunch time and s- some people uh always say it's t- time to feed up and some of us down there say it's time to go do the chores you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um now did you ever have a call to cows 625: A Interviewer: you'd get in from the pasture? 625: Oh yeah I had {D: yeah} Interviewer: Cou- could you do it for me? 625: {NW} I don't know if I can do it or not. Uh I used to I'd get out there I'd say {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} and you could see 'em running. Interviewer: {NW} 625: In fact I had a bunch in the woods {D: and called it creek} I'd go there with a sack of corn and throw it a couple after a while they'd follow me home just like the {D: butcher} dogs would those chicken and I'd bring 'em home like that. Interviewer: Okay. Did you have one when you were calling a calf? Maybe a different one? 625: Yeah sometime we had some if we had a calf, especially if we had a cow about that time there they'd c- call 'em they'd come up to you you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: They knew it was about time. Interviewer: Did you do the same same sound? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 about something like that. # something the same Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Now um you told me you said gee and haw to a to a horse or a mule to make 'em turn one way or the other. What about a horse when you're calling a horse to get 'em in from the pasture? What would you call to 'em? Do you have a word you'd call to 'em? 625: Yeah I'd call 'em I'd say {NW} come on then I'd call 'em by name you know and they'd and they'd come out. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh What would you say to a horse to urge him on? 625: I'd say get out. {D: And uh} {X} go right up to him. Interviewer: Okay and to stop 'em you'd say 625: Whoa. Interviewer: And now what would you use to to call a hog if you're feeding them? What noise? What sound? 625: I don't know if I can do that. {X} Sounds like uh calling a {D: cows uh} {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} only louder you know? Interviewer: Um how'd you get your sheep in from the pasture? 625: Well uh sheep we something we'd yell at when I had a sheep I I'd we'd pen him up, we'd pen him up with the horses something we had sheep are fairly hard to pin up. And um we we pin 'em up with the horses. and and when we fed 'em first mark the lamb then a little later we'd {D: pan 'em to} uh sheer it, cut the wool off of 'em you know? And {D: nearly} there's someone {D: barge in it's still working} you know? Sometimes there's something {D: going at the} something's trying to march over there. Sheer them you see? Interviewer: Did you have a a a word you'd call to get 'em in from the pasture? 625: Well t- uh {X} some people had pasture they they call {X} herd a herd a you know? Herd {X} sheep trying to herd the sheep you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about a call to chickens when you were feeding them? 625: Yeah you call them they come in a hurry {D: usually uh} Because they're hungry. Interviewer: Yeah what sort of call would you use? 625: Well I'd say {NW} Interviewer: Um if you say if you want to get the horses ready to go somewhere you'd say you wanted to what would you do with 'em? 625: Well uh I'd I'd wanna get the horse, saddle him up or hitch him up to the wagon, one or the other. Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose you uh now what do you put your feet into when you're riding horseback? 625: The stirrup. Interviewer: And uh if you got two horses when you're plowing the uh one that walks in the furrow on the left you'd call him the what? 625: Well uh he'd be o- on the on the near side. Then there'd be a on the off side. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Or you'd say on the left and the right side you see? Interviewer: Okay. Um uh if uh if no one else will do something for a person you'd say he's got to do it 625: He's got to do the best he can. Interviewer: Yeah if no one else will do something for it for him you'll say he has to do it 625: Himself. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if no one e- else will look out for for them they've got to look out for 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: for} # 625: for themself. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now if you've been traveling and you hadn't finished your journey you might say that before dark you had to go 625: {D: Had to go on.} Interviewer: Yeah well if you're just going, traveling somewhere and you're on a journey you'd say you had to go 625: Well I I'd have to go to go to the house or go to the hotel where we're staying you know? Interviewer: Okay. And if that was a good ways away you'd say that w- you'd have to go a 625: A long way, be late getting home. Interviewer: Okay. Um if something's very common like say if somebody was gonna ask you about where to get a magnolia tree, if something was common and easy to find around here you'd say oh that's not very hard, you can find that just about 625: A- find that a- a uh just about any place up some of those creeks over there {X} Interviewer: Okay. 625: They usually grow. Interviewer: Yeah right. Um if someone slipped on the ice say if they were on some ice or if they were on a wax floor or something like that and they slipped and fell this way you'd say they fell 625: They fell backwards. Interviewer: #1 And if they # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 fell # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the other way 625: Fell forward. Interviewer: Okay. Um now wha- if you were out fishing uh somebody might say to you um did you catch any fish and you'd say no 625: {X} I didn't have any luck, didn't catch any. Interviewer: Okay. 625: They wasn't biting {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um uh if uh if a schoolboy was was speaking of a scolding teacher he'd say now why did she bother me I be speaking of his innocence or 625: #1 Yeah I don't # Interviewer: #2 And he didn't do any- # thing he'd say I 625: I don't do that, I don't do anything wrong. Interviewer: Okay. Or I 625: I'm I'm uh always quiet. Interviewer: If he was speaking of the past though he'd say about what he what he did or didn't do he'd say I 625: I I {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} I haven't done anything. {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} Interviewer: Okay. 625: If he thought that {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} {D: if he wouldn't do anything} {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} Interviewer: Um the crying child might say uh he was eating candy and he didn't give me 625: Give me a a piece of it. Interviewer: Okay. Um or he didn't give me 625: Any of it. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if a boy is spoiled and whe- when he grows up you might say that he'll have his trouble 625: Ahead of him. Uh he'd always have trouble. Interviewer: If you were speaking about the possibility of him having trouble you'd say he'll have his trouble 625: In the future. Interviewer: {D: like he's not or} Okay. 625: Well more likely to have a lotta trouble in the future. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what do you call the trenches cut by the plow? 625: Well uh I I they call that a furrow you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um if you if you had a good year and the Lord has been plentiful to you you'd say we raised a big 625: Big big crop. {D: yeah} Interviewer: Um if if you got rid of all the brushes and the trees on your land you'd say you did what? 625: You cleared up the land {D: raised the cultivator} Interviewer: Okay. Um what'd you call a crop that came up that that you didn't plant that year? 625: Well that's uh a crop uh a crop of hay or grass. Sometimes uh {D: some} Interviewer: Or so- well the second cutting of clove or grass, what would call that? Call that a after you cut it the first time and the second one came up. 625: Call that the that would be the second cutting of uh clover. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: And uh well what if you didn't plant this maybe? You know might like maybe uh you had something else planted in a field, this came up instead from where you planted it last year. Do you have a name for that? 625: Well most of the time it'd come in there uh old sage grass they call it. Interviewer: Okay. Well maybe there was another crop like maybe you had peanuts planted in a field and you had corn coming up in the middle of it. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Where you planted corn last year, what would you call what kind of crop would you call that? 625: Well Interviewer: You have a name for it? 625: Uh no there wouldn't be much name to it, it just uh something just growed up there you know uh wild it grow you might say it grows wild, it it come up itself, a seed was, a seed was left in the ground you see. Interviewer: Um now wheat is tied up into what you call a what do you tie wheat up into? Do you ha- 625: Well the- they used to cut 'em uh like rice and they'll they'd tie it in bundles and {D: leave it} to dry. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. And bundle and then they'd take it in and dry it. But now they don't do that, they thrash 'em right in the field you know and take a {X} quit doing that. Interviewer: Okay. Um now when you're speaking of a of a bushel or of wheat or something like that or measuring how good you did in a field you'd say we raised forty to an acre. Forty 625: For- forty forty forty-five forty-eight or maybe fifty bushels to the acre. Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh what kinda what is made of flour and baked in loaves? 625: Uh well i- use flour you put uh yeast in it. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And make it rise you know and then uh le- let it rise so long then the {D: let it bake} Interviewer: Okay. Um now and th- what'd you have a name for it? The the kind of stuff you made with it? 625: Well they call it light bread or homemade bread some of 'em Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Alright and um what about uh other kinds of bread made with flour? 625: Well they made make biscuit Interviewer: Okay. 625: And uh some of 'em and make uh like I said it make dough and roll it and cook it in a a skillet {NW} some people'd call it hoecake, some would call it galette, fresh made you know? Interviewer: Galette? 625: Galette you know? Galette. Interviewer: Alright. Uh now what about did you ever make anything with potato maybe? With mix some potato stuff in there? 625: {X} used to people made a many times we'd take sweet potatoes and and had a grate grate it and then put syrup with it and put some {D: flame} in it and c- cook for the call it potato {D: foam} Interviewer: Potato foam? 625: Put it in the put it in a bread pan, put it in the stove and cook it. It's some of the best thing we ever eat. Interviewer: Okay. Um any what about the bread you'd cook with yeast? 625: Well at one time it they uh they had uh yeast and baking powder and uh plain flour, you had to put it you can get it now and you had to put that baking powder in there, they'd call that yeast. But then they'd mix the yeast, what they call yeast to make uh they'd save it. Uh some of it when they'd make the dough. {D: they'd} {X} fresh they'd save some of the dough when they made it mix it to a certain extent then they'd save that and dry it and use that to to put in bread when they made it again you know? Interviewer: Di- uh now did you what'd you make out of corn meal? 625: Well they'd they'd grind it and and make that they'd cook what they call cornbread with it. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright now did you ever have now you mentioned cornbread about cornbread did you ever have any other stuff you'd make out of cornbread? Um did you ever have anything i- did you ever make anything that just had cornmeal salt and water in it? 625: Well uh I remember {D: way back the} people use to cook a little cornmeal and and they'd uh put a little water and cook it good and put a little sugar in it, something sweet in it and and give it to the baby, they didn't have baby food like they have now you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: They call it uh cornmeal gruel. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 625: #2 {X} # give that to the baby. Interviewer: Alright. Now we talked about the kind you cooked in ashes and the kind you cooked in a skillet you called a hoecake. Uh what about if it was small and made kind of round ball and you had onions or green peppers in it used to eat them with fish a lot, did you ever have a name for those? 625: Yeah they call that they made out of cornbread uh made uh Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Cornmeal uh pup- they call that puppy dogs. Interviewer: Puppy dogs? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And you know where that puppy dog come from? Interviewer: Where? 625: They used people used to make them to feed their dogs with you know? Interviewer: Is that so? 625: And uh they'd make 'em just like the people do uh does now {D: like} and then make uh they'd go camping go hunting and make that to feed their dogs. And they finally got to where they find out they were good to eat so they'd make it and eat it themselves, that's where where they come from, they call 'em puppy dogs. Interviewer: Okay. Um did you ever have any that you boiled maybe in cheese cloth or in beans or greens? And uh or something with chicken that was made out of cornmeal? 625: No I never did. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the type did you ever have the cornmeal you'd cook in a deep pan and you'd come out uh dish it out, you'd dish it out like mash potatoes on your plate? 625: No. No, never Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 did that. # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Okay. Now let's say there were two kinds of bread uh the homemade bread and the kind you buy at the store, you call that the kind you buy at the store you call 625: Well you call that the light bread you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: And of course they'd sell it we'd call some of it called light bread and uh homemade bread you know? Interviewer: Okay. Now um did you ever have something that was fried in deep fat and had a hole in the middle of it? 625: Oh yeah. Interviewer: U- 625: That's a a a donut. And uh and then speaking of that I'll people used to roll uh flour uh make a dough with flour and take a roll it out and cut it in {D: different} cut like that and then fry it in deep fat. A- and uh then they'd uh ea- when uh cool off well they'd eat with make coffee and eat that with and that's uh that you really enjoy that, something good it, you never eat some of that you you missed a whole lot. {NW} Interviewer: Um what uh if you'd take a um well did you ever have any other names for it? Like maybe a long round thing that had sugar all over it? Lo- I mean a long kinda round thing or do you just call it a donut? 625: Well i- i uh you uh people'd make that and call 'em donuts and some of 'em I I I've seen them they make a roll and and and cook and make a make these uh like these jelly cookies they cut you know Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 {X} # buy in the store I've seen 'em make like that. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And uh some people I've seen people take a a a regular five six loaf of bread and it's soak it good and mix it and put some uh I don't know what all they put in it and they bathe it good with cinnamon. And and roll them thing up together {D: maybe like} {D: fort} bread and and put it in a in the oven and cook it. I- it makes it make the best cinnamon rolls then you can buy {D: so there} Interviewer: Um what were the things you'd mix up in a batter and you may have three or four of 'em when you breakfast for breakfast sometime? maybe made outta syrup and butter. I mean you put syrup and butter. 625: {D: right} pancakes {D: make} pancake uh Interviewer: Okay and it did y- were they always made outta wheat flour, did you ever make 'em out of anything else? 625: Yeah made 'em out of grain flour and uh used uh {X} {D: buy a weekly mix} pancake mix you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay. You might say uh if you went to the store to buy uh some flour and you bought two pounds you'd say you bought two pounds of 625: Uh Interviewer: you bought what? How many 625: Two pounds of flour. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what do you call the inside part of the egg? There are two parts of the egg one's a white and the other one's a 625: Uh other one is yellow. Yellow and white. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what color would you say it is? You'd say it was that color? 625: Y- i- yellow and yellow and Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Now if you if you cook 'em in hot water what do you call 'em? 625: Poached eggs. Interviewer: Okay. Uh yeah but if you let 'em stay in the shells you call 'em 625: Oh oh if they stay in the shell you boiled eggs. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. mr Moran uh talking about hogs now um what do you call the part of the hog you might use to put greens when you eat 'em? You know you get put greens to give a little flavor? 625: Well you can uh eat the backbone and put uh uh a little uh uh flavor it and be good you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: It'd cook cook that or co- coo- cook the bony piece you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. So that'd be part of the bone right? 625: Yeah. Like uh if you were some people'd uh some people'd cook um a uh hog meat and the the bony piece the the I have seen 'em put 'em down in cook 'em down and put onion in it, kinda make a gravy with it you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: But then of course they'd take the other like chops and fry them. Interviewer: What about uh maybe the fat saucy part of the pork you put in there, what do you call that? 625: Well uh that'd be the fat unless you'd take it out separate and boil it then make lard with it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: So- some a lot of people used to when they'd butcher a hog they'd take all that fat off first and Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 you know? # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: What if it had some lean in it? You know, just kinda fat lean. 625: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Uh d- to put in with some greens what would you did you have a name for it? 625: No uh that's more than uh {D: porch I'm guessing} put it in Interviewer: Um 625: {X} Interviewer: When you cut the the side of a hog what would you call that? 625: Well that'd be the the the the the slab the side uh you'd make bacon outta that. Interviewer: Okay. Um now the kind of meat yeah the kind of meat you'd you'd eat uh thin sliced thin to eat with eggs you'd call 625: We call that bacon. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the outside of the bacon the edge before you cut it off, what do you call that? Did you ever have a name for that? 625: Well that uh that'd be the fat the the skin and then the fat'd it'd be the fat through the skin and the meat. Interviewer: Yeah well this was the sharp kinda outside part. The edge of the bacon you have to cut it off before you slice it. The rind or the you know you might call it the the rind? The skin you call it? Okay. 625: Yeah the skin, yeah the skin that's uh Interviewer: Okay. Um uh now who whose the fella that kills the meat and cuts it up? What do you call him? 625: The butcher. Interviewer: Okay. Now if a meat's meat's been kept too long and it's spoiled you'd I mean the meat's been kept too long you'd say it's the meat's done what? 625: It spoiled. {D: Spoil.} Interviewer: Okay. When you butcher a hog what'd you use to make from the head? Can you tell me about butchering a hog? What you'd use with the with the various parts of the hog? 625: Yeah you you clean the head and and you had to know how to clean it {X} and and uh make hoghead cheese out of it. Boil it 'til you get all the all the meat off of it clean the ears, cut the inside of the ear off and d- {D: drill} that all that side and cut the solid piece off you know and them things and you done put the head and then then bottom jaw you'd take all that skin off of it. And you you make sure that the hog was scalded good cuz you don't have that {X} at all you know? And you'd clean the {X} you had to work on them to get one clean too and you and uh then you'd boil that head 'til the the the meat and the skin and all of it would come to pieces so you could run it, some people run it through a a little meat grinder and some of it is so tender you just you'd take they'd take the head and just mash it all to pieces you know? And they put onion and seasoning in that thing and then they'd uh they'd uh they usually put the feet in there too uh they clean the feet Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Take all the hoofs out there then throw that in there and that'd give it a kind of {X} a a gel gel-like and then you'd put that together and first you you'd le- let it sit over and take all that fat off you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: After and then you you'd put that in there and and uh {D: let} that's when you'd take the meat off the bone and make the put the seasoning the onion the flavoring and whatnot and then uh uh the the after like boiling them feet in there it kinda form a gel and make it a stick together {D: but} That's some of the best eating you ever you ever eaten any country-made hoghead cheese? Interviewer: I never have. 625: Oh boy you better eat it one time. Y- you got you'd say it's the best thing you ever eaten. Interviewer: Um now what'd you do with the hog's liver? 625: Well uh uh um we'd usually usually eat it eat it eat it slice it eat it some {X} Interviewer: #1 Grind it up? # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You ever grind it up and make something out of it? 625: No never did. Interviewer: Liver pudding? 625: No some I've heard of people doing it but we never did. Interviewer: Okay. Um did you ever use its blood for anything? 625: Yeah. Made what they call blood sausage with it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Did you ever take the juice of the head cheese uh and stir it up with cornmeal? 625: No. Interviewer: Maybe and make something out of that? 625: No never did. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh talking about butter and stuff like that if you kept your butter too long and it didn't taste good you might say it got 625: It got rank. Interviewer: Okay. Um thick sour milk that you kept around you called 625: Sometime they'd they it it form a a uh what they call clabber. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: We used uh used to take that sometime we'd take it and just take the the {X} {X} uh weighing it they'd call it you know? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 You'd # take that out and take that clabber and and I'd p- put heavy cream on it and a little sugar and that's that's like it's better than this cottage cheese that you can buy now in the store. Interviewer: Alright. Um did you call what'd you did you have a name for it, the stuff you made out of 625: Well we make uh call it clabber and then my mother and I've seen m- my wife did it we'd take she'd put it in a in a cream sack and hang it. Let it drip you know? Put it somewhere and let it drip. And uh then when it'd be dry. She'd uh take it out and put it and she'd put cream and and and uh sugar on it, it'd be just like this cottage cheese better than this cottage cheese here. Interviewer: Um what'd you do with the milk, the first thing before milking it? 625: Before milking it? Interviewer: Before after you got it after milk. 625: Oh well we made a {D: pound of butter} my wife would really to uh had the always have a thing called this {D: famous} you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um now did you have a what was the dish you used to make you'd make in a in a deep dish and it was made outta apples but it didn't have a bottom layer like an apple pie would. It just had a top layer to it. Did you have a name for that? You put apples or some sort of fruit in there. 625: Well uh the the the only thing I know {X} is that with apples is {X} call call it apple pie. Peach pie you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And some of 'em call it the uh Interviewer: #1 Cobbler or # 625: #2 Bla- bla # {D: black} cobbler. {D: That's it.} Interviewer: Okay. 625: Black cobbler. Peach cobbler and uh they they used to call 'em all together peach pie you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: I guess there's two ways to make it. Interviewer: Um if and what was the sweet sort of stuff you'd pour over the over uh uh a pudding or something like that? You call that a 625: Uh well it it usually make a s- s- sauce out of it. Sugar and {D: syrup and} thing like that and and pour it over it yeah. for flavor you know? Interviewer: Um now food taken yeah between regular meals say you ate food between regular meals, you call that a 625: Snack. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Uh # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Um if somebody had a real good appetite you'd say he sure like to put away his 625: His food. Interviewer: Okay. Um now let's say you say in the morning I I get up and I 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what # what do I do? I 625: Get up Interviewer: #1 break- # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: fast I get up and I 625: Put on my clothes and I get uh I fix fix breakfast. Interviewer: Yeah but you you speaking about eating breakfast you say I alright in the morning I get up and I 625: Eat breakfast. Interviewer: Okay. And uh yesterday when I got up I had already at this time I had already 625: Eaten breakfast. Interviewer: Okay. And last week I every day I I had breakfast 625: #1 I had # Interviewer: #2 so I # 625: I I I had breakfast in the morning. Interviewer: Okay. 625: After I get up. Interviewer: I yeah but you speaking about eating 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 you # say I 625: Eat breakfast. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what do people usually drink for breakfast? 625: Well th- uh {D: trying to think} coffee with and uh Interviewer: Okay. 625: sometime milk. Interviewer: Okay how do you prepare coffee? You might say you 625: Well you you boil your water and uh you have {D: somewhat} you put it in a percolator {D: at most} uh uh uh percolate it and put coffee in there and pour your hot water on it and let it drip. And then Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 uh # after it drip it's hot and it's ready to drink. Interviewer: Okay. You put water in a 625: I- in a pan or re- regular uh little {X} pan for that purpose and then it come to a boil you know? Interviewer: Okay if you were gonna drink water you say you'd put it in a what? A {D: howdy} say you'd put you'd put it in a you'd put the water in a 625: In a {X} but put it in a a glass. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say uh if y- you say somebody dropped the glass and it got 625: It got broke. Interviewer: Okay. Um 625: How mu- how much more of that stuff you got? That whole book you got to go through? Interviewer: Well no not all the book, we just gonna go through some more. Uh 625: I still can't see where you where where where uh Interviewer: Um now if if I was asking you how much you drank you'd say 625: I well I'd say I don't drink much. Interviewer: Yeah okay but you say speaking of how much you did drink you'd say I 625: I have drank some but I Interviewer: Okay. 625: don't drink {D: whatsoever} Interviewer: Um then you'd say then you might ask me how much have you how much have you 625: How much have you been drinking? Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you say we certainly do drink or what would you say, we certainly do 625: {X} S- say did you drink uh Interviewer: Drink a lot okay. 625: Drink a lot. Interviewer: Okay. Now if dinner was beginning and the family was standing around waiting uh what do you say to 'em? 625: {X} Come on let's eat dinner, it's ready. Interviewer: Yeah and you'd tell 'em to you might tell 'em to if they were standing up you might tell 'em to 625: sit down. Come on sit down. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had company would you say 625: Well if I'd say di- uh dinner's ready, come over here so we can eat dinner. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if somebody comes into the dining room you ask him won't you please 625: Sit down. Interviewer: And so then he 625: He would he would sit down. Interviewer: And uh you know if everybody else uh was also down you uh probably everybody no one else was standing you'd say they had also 625: Yeah. Well {X} let's all sit down, come on Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 sit down. # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Um now you're passing the food around the table you'd say uh if you want someone not to wait 'til foo- until the potatoes are passed you'd say to 'em go ahead 625: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and so and so you'd say he he went ahead and he got some or he went ahead and 625: He {D: wait his turn} he he helped himself. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you if you didn't want anything to eat or you didn't want something a certain thing and somebody passed it to you you'd say no thank you, I don't 625: I don't care for any. Interviewer: Okay. Now mr Moran uh when food has been has been cooked and served a second time you'd say it was 625: It was {X} Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say you put the food in your mouth and you begin to 625: {D: to} chew it. Interviewer: Okay. Now um uh what would you call all the {D: day} you got the meats then you got the say you got desserts or fruits and then you also had this other type of food you call you know they're peas, beans and and tomatoes and things like that you call them the 625: Uh I guess you'd call 'em a a reg- regular {D: hoop} meal, vegetables you know? Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might grow vegetables in a vegetable 625: Garden or Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um Now what's that di- did you have a southern food you know this is served mostly in the South it was the type of food you'd uh it was made outta cracked corn wha- and it was white you know you had it with breakfast usually. With eggs and bacon or something like that, you call that 625: {X} {D: store by the} hominy. Interviewer: Okay. Alright um did you ever have a nickname for it here in the South? 625: I no that I tell you I say never did go to the store {X} I I never did I never did use it at all. Interviewer: You never did like it huh? 625: No never have, tried it one time. Interviewer: Um what about a name you'd have for a for illegal whiskey? Do you have a name for that? 625: Yeah. That was uh bootleg {D: whiskey} Interviewer: You called it bootleg? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Um 625: Course they at one time there they called it white lightning. Interviewer: {X} 625: {X} make it {NS} you know? {NS} Interviewer: Alright. Um if something's cooking, it makes a good impression on your nostrils you might say somebody just 625: Cooking something smell good. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say okay. You just you'd say just 625: {NW} that's just that s- that s- that smell oh gonna have something good to eat. Interviewer: Just smell that. Would you say this 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Smell that. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if you were {D: mention} syrup and molasses the difference between the two of 'em you'd say that syrup is kinda you know syrup might be thinner but molasses s- molasses 625: Well uh that's uh uh that's a {X} uh it's uh uh you might say there's two separate word but practically mean the same thing. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Because I've heard them call it that all my life, syrup and molasses. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh to me I don't know the difference between molasses and syrup because it's all made outta sugar cane or or uh uh some of it makes out of maple. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they call that the- they call that syrup. So uh call it's syrup m- make outta sugar cane. Uh they call that syrup and some of 'em call it molasses most either one. Interviewer: Really? 625: They do. Interviewer: They both mean the same thing? 625: Well to me I don't know what makes the difference to be frank with you uh uh I uh raised molasses sugar cane and made syrup with 'em. And you'll see it on the you'll buy all uh jar of syrup on the on on uh market. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 625: {D: Passive} they call that syrup. {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} And you call it molasses too. {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} {X} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um now if something yeah but didn't you have a, that's an imitation maple syrup. You also had the {X} you had something that was uh that was not imitation you'd say it was gen- You 625: #1 Gen- # Interviewer: #2 say # 625: Genuine maple Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 That's # supposed to be two percent uh maple and seven-and-a-half percent uh {X} syrup. Interviewer: Okay. Now um sugar sold retail is put up in packages but uh whole sale you said you'd say it's sold 625: I- in uh hundred-pound bags. Interviewer: Yeah and you'd say about that type you'd say it was say it was sold 625: in in sold in in places too you know i- in boxes. So many pounds, hundred-pound boxes so many. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And and uh hundred hundred pounds burlap. Interviewer: Okay if you were selling it by weight like say selling sugar or selling lumber by weight, you're selling anything by weight you'd say it was sold 625: So much a pound. By the pound. Five pound, ten pound uh Interviewer: Okay. 625: Or Interviewer: Did you ever say it was sold in bulk or or loose or 625: Well it's uh {X} they used to sell it in s- and sell it loose you'd have to weigh it all but now they come all in packages in bulk you know? In five pound Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} ten pounds. Interviewer: Okay. Now what would you have on the table to season food with? You'd say pass me the 625: Well it's uh sugar is one thing. Interviewer: Yeah but you'd also have these two spices you could say pass me the 625: Y- you have salt and pepper. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you have what do you call that sweet spread you'd make and you put on bread? It's made uh by boiling fruit. The juices of fruit say 625: Oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 sugar # 625: #2 {X} # that that's uh jelly {D Jelly.} Interviewer: Um now if there was some apples and the child wants uh one he s- he says 625: I want an apple. Interviewer: Or he'd say he was tell- asking someone he'd say 625: G- g- give me an apple. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if you were looking at certain two groups of boys you'd say it wasn't these boys it was 625: Those other boys. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're pointing to a tree way off yonder way off you might say it's well uh if you're pointing uh to a tree it's uh some distance from you you'd say it's 625: How how much longer will you take today? Interviewer: Oh uh maybe a couple hours. We ain't got much more to do. We can get another hour done. Just a couple hours. Um 625: Well another hour now that'll be five oh clock, that's gonna be Interviewer: Okay alright. 625: Ma- make it about thirty minutes {D: to do it} Interviewer: Okay. Now you might say s- don't do something that a way do it 625: Do it do it this way. Don't Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 do it that # way. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody was saying something and you didn't hear it you might to make him repeat it you might say 625: What do you say uh? Interviewer: Okay. Uh if a man has plenty of money y- you might say he doesn't have anything to wor- to worry about but life's hard on a man 625: That don't don't have any money. Interviewer: Okay. Or you'd say who has a hard life you'd say that Or poor you'd say 625: Yeah. Uh A p- a poor man who has a hard life. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Um if you have a lotta fruit trees you'd call those a 625: #1 orchard. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 625: #1 An orchard. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah. You might ask somebody who owns owns it you'd say he's the man 625: that that own the orchard. Interviewer: Okay. Um Uh when I was you- you'd also say when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 625: Boy whose father whose father was well off. Interviewer: Okay. Um Now the inside of a cherry the part you don't eat you call the 625: Uh the the s- the seed. Interviewer: Okay. And the inside of a peach. Uh the inside part of a peach you didn't eat 625: Well that they call that a peach seed too. Interviewer: Okay. A peach seed? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Now what about the kinda peach where the flesh is real tight to the stone, it's hard to get away from. From the stone just kinda 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: That's a clean stone they call that. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And the and the one that breaks loose is free stone. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: See?} Interviewer: Now when you eat an apple the part you throw away is the 625: The the the uh the heart the core. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Core. # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Um when you cut up an apple and dry 'em you're making you ever cut up an apple and dried it? You're making what? 625: {D: Well what} cut 'em in it pa- pans {D: kinda} and and uh and cook for breakfast you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} But uh {D: and I sole 'em and they} call it a apple, dried apple so you only make five of it you know? {X} Interviewer: Okay well a dried part of a pear you might call a did you ever dry a pear? 625: Uh yeah dried pear too uh they call it Interviewer: They called 'em dried pears? 625: Yeah. And {D: cook 'em} just like you would dried apple. Interviewer: You never call it snitz? 625: Yeah I don't believe Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 I can't remember. # Interviewer: Now uh what about the kind of nuts that you might pull up out of the ground and roast? What do you call them? 625: Peanuts. Interviewer: Okay. Um can you tell me about any other kind of nuts you had around here? 625: Well uh I don't know any other {D: that they got around there} {X} Interviewer: Okay. Just well just some that came in trees. 625: Some in trees yeah oh yeah. There's pecans. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: An acorn a acorn and they always eat that} pecans. Some of 'em trees and uh chestnut. And they had chinquapin they call it uh some grows on trees. Interviewer: Chinquapin? 625: Chinquapin. {D: Mixed like something like that} Acorn I didn't think they good to eat. Interviewer: Okay. Now um another kinda nut you might came in a perforated shell you call that a 625: {X} they got uh walnut. Interviewer: Okay. Now 625: #1 {D: they had} # Interviewer: #2 um # 625: they got what they call a hickory nut. It the hardest thing in the world to break but the best flavor you ever eaten. And and at home you can break 'em you got to have a hammer to break 'em. They grow wild. {D: Yeah} Well you get some out of it, it's the best way we {D: you could eat them} Interviewer: What do you call the outside of a walnut, you know that you have to peel away? You might get your hands all dirty? 625: Well uh they call that the hull. Interviewer: Okay. Okay uh what about the other nut you know you'd put in a praline? You said pecans you'd also put this other nut in a praline. What do you call it? 625: Uh peanuts. Peanuts and pecans. Interviewer: Yeah {X} 625: #1 They've got a # Interviewer: #2 You ever got a # 625: walnut Walnut. That some people use that. Interviewer: You ever grow almonds? 625: Yeah almonds. Interviewer: Okay. Um the kinda fruit that grows in Florida if they're not um you might say if there're not any more of {D: 'em} left you say the oranges 625: Oranges {D: they've uh} {D: faded out} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: clean out} Interviewer: Alright. What about the little red vegetable that's peppery? You know the little small red vegetable that you it had roots in it grow in the ground? 625: Radish. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Radish. Interviewer: Now I noticed you had a bunch of uh tomatoes over there what would you call a little old tomato like this? Maybe the you know 625: Well I I {D: know some terms from back days uh} big as a sausage they all call 'em small tomatoes. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Some of 'em grows like a a a grape like you know? {X} maybe a five or six of 'em on one stem like that just like grapes. {D: Yeah} {X} uh uh a grape tomato you know? It'd be it wouldn't be very big just a little round one you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: No I seen some of 'em pla- planted in places they they look like um they use 'em in in in in yards around the vegetable places. {D: They make} {D: they'll} {D: put} put a little thing but they good to put in {X} say uh just round as they could be you know? I don't know really though don't know what they call 'em but they're pretty Interviewer: Um now along with your meat you might have a {D: ba-} 625: Baked uh chicken? Interviewer: With your meat you might have a baked 625: Potato. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh th- the kind of potatoes with yellow meat you call them a 625: A red a red potato. They have some red and some white. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Uh {D: and there's} two kinds of potato but sweet potato you have uh what you call a white potato and a red, when you cook 'em those white ones they kinda and they're no- they're not exactly white they're kinda brownish-like but they're really white and white and brown like. And they good and then the uh the other this red potatoes when you cook 'em they red right through you know? Just like hash potatoes. {D: They most} potato you buy in the stores is white potatoes but the people here pass mostly red potatoes you see? Interviewer: #1 What about # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: yams? 625: Yams. Well {NW} we used to plant a lotta yam here but they got quarter didn't raise none but a quarter-week and then they back there. They got stayed there so many in there to where they got to for a while keep {X} carry so many {D: pumpkin and uh} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Bring ye- carry to some place, had them burned, just scattered around. Hard to get rid of 'em once you get 'em in the field. Interviewer: Okay. Now what was the the the vegetable with the small with a makes tears come outta your eyes when you cut it? 625: Onion. Interviewer: Okay. Now did you ever did you ever have little fresh ones? Little ones? 625: {D: Oh yeah} Interviewer: to eat? 625: Well yeah. Interviewer: What'd you call them? 625: We we call them shallots. Interviewer: {D: Charlottes?} 625: {D: Charleton} Interviewer: #1 Onions? # 625: #2 {D: See it} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # The little small ones, C-H-A-R-L-O-T I believe they call it. Little small one you know? And then they got some they call 'em {D: mother flies} {X} pull all but one and they'll stay there a couple weeks they'll be there a dozen'll grow grow around you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: But these uh {D: charlots} they'll make just one one little um {D: three four the way} around when they they good {D: store onion} Interviewer: What um mr Moran what'd you call that vegetable you put in a in a gumbo? 625: Well uh when they cook gumbo you you put uh what they call gumbo filé made outta uh sassafras. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} dry the leaves and they let 'em dry good and beat 'em down to a powder and you put so much in there and it gives it the filé taste you know? Outside of that you only put uh put uh make a brown gravy and then put uh onions and uh fre- seasoning in it you know? And uh {D: with only} Interviewer: #1 Um # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: did what about a little green vegetable uh that you put in a in a soup or or that did you ever hear of okra? 625: Oh yeah okra yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you leave and apple or a plum around you say it'll dry up and 625: And rot. Interviewer: Well no maybe if it if it didn't rot, if it just dried up you'd say it would 625: Dry up. Interviewer: Or Shr- 625: Shrink. it'll shrink. Interviewer: Shrivel or? 625: Sh- shrivel and Interviewer: Okay. Um now what were the kind of vegetables that had large leafy heads? 625: Uh uh cabbage cabbage had the lo- collard green have large wide {X} and cabbage have {D: very come from} head and Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Particular size leaves {D: they do} Collards have larger leaves they do. Than cabbage. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if you wanted to get beans out of a out of the pod like those there you'd say 625: You shell 'em. Have to shell 'em. Interviewer: Okay. What were the large yellowish flat beans that 625: Butter beans. Interviewer: Okay. Um did you have any different varieties of butter beans? 625: Oh yeah we had the have what they call small white butter bean, the big white butter bean then you have the uh the sm- the speckled butter bean. {D: inside} you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: They have uh {D: there} oh they have some they call uh I don't know know name just {X} you know? Interviewer: Okay. Now what about the kind of beans you eat pod and all? 625: They they that's a English peas. Interviewer: English beans? 625: They call beans. Interviewer: Yeah I'm talking about beans. 625: Oh snap beans. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Snap beans # they call 'em. Interviewer: Wha- uh go ahead you were talking about 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # peas? 625: Tender green now this English pea I thought it was one thing it grows early and you shell them it {NW} you cook them. And then we we got peel peas. That uh Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 Uh # that's what they shell in here you see? Interviewer: Yeah 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 right # okay. {X} yeah. Now did you ever have little peas that had kinda black eyes in 'em, what do you call those? 625: #1 Black # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: black-eyed peas Interviewer: Okay. Um if you take the tops of turnips maybe and cook 'em you'd cook up a mess of 625: Uh they call that turnip greens. Interviewer: Turnip greens? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what was the green stuff that you'd put in salads? 625: Uh lettuce. Interviewer: Okay you'd say if you put two bunches you'd say you got two 625: Two two head of lettuce in there. Interviewer: Okay. 625: They usually use uh uh uh the white cabbage to make a slaw with too you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um the outside ear of the ear of a cor- a piece of corn you'd call the 625: The shuck. Interviewer: Okay. Um what's the kinda corn that kinda {D: you know the} corns tender enough to eat off the cob you'd say those were that those were 625: That's uh uh {D: roast ears} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um what'd you call the top of a corn stalk? 625: The uh tassel. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the stringy stuff that you'd have to clean off when you were cleaning the corn 625: Call that silk. Interviewer: Okay. Now um what was the big round fruit that you'd have for Thank- for uh Thanksgiving or you might you might cut holes out of it at at uh Halloween? 625: Pumpkin. Interviewer: Okay. Can you tell me about the squa- uh the kinda yellow-necked vegetable you had? 625: Yeah we have yellow squashes. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And uh then we have uh white squash too. Interviewer: Okay did you ever have a name for that? 625: Only one I'd know is uh uh squash whi- white and uh yellow. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what kind of melons did you raise? 625: Well the most me- melon I raised I raised a lot of 'em, I used to raise the {D: congo} I found that was the best melon that you could raise. Interviewer: Is that a watermelon? 625: Yeah. I raised 'em uh about that long I guess all I could do was pick 'em up and I sold a many of 'em for a dollar. A piece. Interviewer: Okay what different kind of watermelons do you know about? 625: Well they got uh combo {D: they what} they got the Dixie queen and the uh uh uh they got one they call rattlesnake if it's shaped the way color's shaped. And they there's uh there's uh these what melon the uh sell in these {D: store here} early they come from Georgia, some from Florida they call them Charleston. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And and uh all they have a number of I never planted but one kind of watermelon but I've seen people pay as much five {D: rows you know} {D: one} different different kind of melon each row you know? Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever have another kind, a little smaller melon? 625: Yeah they had the these uh uh ice ice box melons. Interviewer: Icebox melons? 625: Yeah I've planted a few, I've planted them one time when {D: they was through with 'em you know?} Interviewer: Okay. You ever have another word for 'em? Uh musk melon or anything like that? 625: Oh yeah we had mush melon yeah. Course that's a different thing it they have mush melon and and cantaloupe {X} just I guess there the mush melon was the small end of cantaloupes, some of 'em would come that long. And bigger you know? Interviewer: Okay. What other melon with yellow meat are shaped like that? You ever 625: Well there's there there's some kind of I've I have planted melon they call 'em yellow m- yellow-meat melon. Interviewer: Uh- 625: #1 They # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 625: instead of getting red they'd be yellow but they just as sweet as they can be. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what was the little white umbrella thing that would sh- that would spout up in a field after a rain maybe? You call that a They grow in damp places. 625: Yeah some some some you boil {D: also} they chew 'em too they call that uh what they call that uh I don't know. Ah shoot I keep one in the yard just the other day I saw Interviewer: #1 Mushroom? # 625: #2 {X} # Mushroom yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Mushroom. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 {X} # you know them things {D: grow well} {D: use to} cow manure and and boils 'em. Some people course out in the field {X} they'd break that off and chew that and and {D: they give 'em the} I don't know they they {D: taste 'em} make 'em feel funny you know? Interviewer: Some of 'em are good but other ones are 625: Well some of 'em are good to eat but {X} grows all uh {D: bar- uh} {X} {D: cough drops} {X} I won't put won't chew one of them things for nothing in the world, you know? {NW} And they claim they got something in there that give you a little {X} I know a lotta people grow 'em out their field there you know? Interviewer: Um you say it those kinda melo- those kinda uh mushrooms are 625: Well uh they're they're dangerous {X} Interviewer: Poi- 625: Poison and dirty. You know? Interviewer: Okay. Okay um now what about the the poison ones you can't eat? What do you call them? The ones you can't eat. 625: Well uh they call 'em the same thing uh mush melons you know? They call 'em the s- same thing. Interviewer: They ever call call 'em toadstools? You ever call 'em that? 625: {D: I don't know} why you'd call that. I guess {X} that's a good name for 'em though. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh if if a um if a man has a sore throat so the inside of his throat is is sore you'd say he couldn't if he was eating food you'd say he couldn't 625: Couldn't swallow good. Interviewer: Okay. Now what do people smoke? 625: Well Interviewer: They smoke pipes uh other some smoke pipes, others smoke 625: Cigarettes, some ci- cigars. Interviewer: Okay. Now if there were a lot of people at a party having a good time you'd say they'd all be maybe standing around the piano and they were 625: All all happy and having a good time. Interviewer: Yeah and you'd say they were 625: They singing. Interviewer: And uh 625: Dancing. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody offers you a favor and you say I appreciate it but I don't want to be 625: Obligated. Interviewer: Okay or obligated to anyone. Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: Um If uh if somebody asked you about doing a certain job you'd say sure I 625: Would be glad to do it. Interviewer: Or I if you were able to do it you'd say I 625: I I can do it. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you couldn't do it or or you'd say no I 625: I I I'm not able to do it uh I can't do it. Interviewer: Okay. Um if uh if somebody asked you if you got up before sun came up to work and you'd worked all day, somebody asks you to do a job you say no I've I went to work before sun up and I 625: I'm tired and unable to do it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: But you speak about about the work you've done you'd say all day uh you'd say I 625: I w- I worked all day {X} Interviewer: Okay. 625: Not able to do anymore. It's it's thirty minutes after four now and I have to Interviewer: You wanna call it? 625: Yeah. {X} I'd like there him them to tell me how they gonna get this unemployment down with the the i- i- increase and growth in population Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 625: #2 And # they taking think of the thousand millions of uh high school kid that drops out at eighteen nineteen and they go to work. Alright now how many million {X} probably a million or two uh uh uh college graduates finishing every year. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: The the the the demand for employee is is growing faster than uh than uh the the the employment is. Interviewer: That's true. 625: You know it's it's not it's not that uh the the uh the there's as many women working as men. And and the people and and {D: Honeyoak} {X} uh cut that {D: I'll say this} in court I don't care who gets elected they gonna have more people on on the uh this uh welfare Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh then the other did then they don't have to feed 'em on that. Now how they gonna find this employment if {X} they they got to have people to manufacture things. They got to do all that before they can put people to work. Now {X} before they vetoed a bill there the other day they wanted to put what eight eight six eight billion dollars. Collect that to give people work at work. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Well if you give that much money away what they doing? They just helping uh they just {D: running} the country and {X} and uh uh course a dollar today ain't nothing much but about twenty-nine cents you know that. {X} Interviewer: Twenty-nine cents compared to when? 625: To to {X} compared to I'd say back there thirty forty years ago. Uh when the during the Depression. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: You could buy more with a dollar than you can now for for I guess forty or fifty dollars. I seen people go to the store and buy two dollars when they had hell I couldn't {D: hold} carry it all to the car just by the time, I had to go back and get it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Pay forty-five cents I've sol- uh sold three myself I worked in commissary stores but then {X} you sell the uh forty- forty-five pounds of flour for forty-five cents. Now a- uh th- five pound cost you about a dollar and seventy-nine cents or eighty cents. Five pound {D: would} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh uh so you see the difference in price and whe- what they gonna do about that? How they gonna reduce the price? Bi- uh {D: Wallace this older man now who made a statement {D: that I said they said} uh th- this summer a year ago he they had the governor's convention in New Orleans. And he was on there nearly every day, somebody say something he said uh we ain't never {X} nobody want to know wha- {X} what he's gonna do. He said uh uh the only thing he said he had to say that uh the government was trying to beat inflation by raising the the cost of living and h- i- uh high cost of li- employees, salaries and wages, thing like that He said they gotta stop somewhere he said where they going? They gotta stop somewhere then that's got to stop, you can depend on that. Cause inflation we we only {X} uh you {D: won't be able to reason} {X} the farmer's getting the bad pay to where they can't bo- buy have get the equipment {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: So we can go ahead and start, if you wanna put that on there you can if you don't let us {D: down} Interviewer: Well that's okay, I wanted, I'd liked to hear that. Um well let's see. Go through some of the animals with you. What'd you what'd you call the kind of bird that can see in the dark? You know 625: Them uh uh uh them uh hoot owls they call 'em. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Owls. # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Do you have any different kinds of owls? 625: Well uh they they got I've heard 'em c- call horn owls hoo- uh and uh hoot owls and there Interviewer: #1 Okay # 625: #2 {X} # there's uh there's another Interviewer: Is there a little kinda owl that maybe makes a s- 625: Yeah. There's another little k- owl, what do they call that? Interviewer: Makes a shrill noise, has a real shrill 625: #1 Uh uh # Interviewer: #2 voice? # 625: scre- screech owl. Screech owl yeah. Interviewer: Alright. What about the bird that drills holes in trees? 625: They call 'em woodpeckers. Interviewer: Okay. And the kinda black and white animal with the real powerful smell? 625: Polecat. Interviewer: Okay. Um what kinda what kinda bushy-tailed animals do you see in the tops of trees? 625: Uh I guess the coons about the biggest Interviewer: Yeah. But {X} may these maybe eat pecans or something like that. 625: Oh like squirrels. Squirrels and and uh Interviewer: You have any different kinds of squirrels? 625: Oh yeah they had uh what they call red squirrel, they call 'em fox squirrel. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And the gray squirrel. Interviewer: Okay. 625: The other one take a a a pecan, a acorn then run up on them and eat it. And a a the coons will go up too uh uh tree you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: They'd eat the I don't know if they uh they eat nuts much but they uh go up there and ge- and get something different. Pecans they can get hold to 'em they'll eat 'em. They'll get on the trees and crack 'em. Interviewer: Have you got a little have you got a little thing around here that might run around the ground? Uh it looks like a squirrel but it doesn't have a tail and can't climb trees. 625: Uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 The only # the only thing uh that hasn't got a tail? Interviewer: Yeah. Chipmunk or a you know what those are? 625: {D: Forget it} they have chipmunk yeah yeah. But they have a little uh mole they call 'em yeah that runs under the ground. And they'll dig holes {X} them things are they they just as {D: smallest} I I I have finally found some of 'em pull 'em out. They call 'em a mole, they done run in the garden, they get in the garden they'll tear up the garden, they get in there and run a hole in it. Raise the ground and them thing they they got two little paws like that right in front of their mouth there. They can get under a ground, hit hard ground and uh you ca- it'll raise the flower up. Just people now days raise it {D: you can see that ridge up} They call them a little mole. Interviewer: Um now what kind of animals would you get that might raid hen houses? Might might raid a hen house. 625: Well you got possum. Mink. And uh uh Interviewer: Did you ever have a name for 'em like you say did you ever call 'em anything? I'm gonna go get me a gun and go out and kill those 625: Um we- well uh uh possum yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} you hear about a you hear 'em a lotta times they'll wake a fellow {X} possum gets in or they mate you know? They get in the chicken house it'll scare the chickens and {D: get out} And then uh uh chicken {D: homes} I mean uh owl {X} these big owl ow- I remember had a old some chicken roost about maybe seventeen eighteen feet fly up there and they'd get up on that roof and uh yeah sometimes I'd hear them I- h- hear 'em {D: cackling} and I knew, I'd get up and put my gun and take my shoes on and go out there and I'd get and I could tell that they uh he'd he'd what his intention was to move toward that chicken and get that chick {X} he couldn't pick her off the roof. But if she once she went down to fl- fly he could pick her off and carry her off you see? Interviewer: Okay. 625: And I'd uh I'd kill the many of them {D: like that} Interviewer: Wow. 625: I could see 'em {D: circling} I could tell {X} leave them chickens to roost. You didn't have to see them {X} {NW} Interviewer: Um did you ever call all those things varmints? Did you ever hear that word used? Varmint? 625: Yes. {D: They used uh} uh w- uh {D: more today} word they use. For for thing like that va- va- varmints of all kinds you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the kinds of fish you might have around here mr Moran? Can you tell me about 'em? 625: Well we have uh uh in freshwater you've got uh uh perch uh uh some of 'em uh {D: gargalyles} they call 'em Interviewer: {D: tug a lines?} 625: {D; Gargalyles} Interviewer: Why do they call 'em that? 625: I don't know, it's kind of a big perch you know and Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # they grow big. And some of 'em kinda they're they're dark green and then they'll have others uh uh red {X} red-belly like {X} {D: you know} c- call them perch you know {D: the other one named perch} Interviewer: Okay. 625: Perch but they call 'em {D: gargalyle.} And then you catch a green trout in this freshwater too you know and and uh some um {D: we have carps} and uh some uh uh jack fish they call 'em in waters you know? They come about that long Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh the- they're good fish they uh you have to gig 'em or catch 'em they they usually live in freshwater. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have any saltwater types around here? What kind of saltwater might you catch? 625: Well uh saltwater you got uh oh you got uh Interviewer: Wh- 625: mullet. For one they got uh uh flounders. And uh I guess you know what a flounder is. Interviewer: Yeah {D: allal} had flounder last night. 625: You uh you caught any? Interviewer: {D: Didn't} catch and pay. 625: You know they're flat and I wa- their eyes are just on one side. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh then they've got uh uh that and mullet and you go far out there and ya usually catch some green trouts, pecker trout sometime they'll come {D: they'll} I've caught some pecker trout and green trout. And sometime you go out fishing once in a while you catch a mullet but not too often. but its pecker trout this time of the year when its dry and hot and the saltwater comes up in the river you can catch 'em up in the rivers you see? Interviewer: Mullets good eating fish huh? 625: Oh yeah mullets just as good a fish as you gonna eat. Interviewer: That's what I hear. 625: And then uh you have also you have crabs. I don't know if you ever eat crab? Interviewer: Uh-uh. Never have. 625: Y- yo Interviewer: But I've had well I've never eaten them whole, you know I've had little little part of their meat. {D: something} 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # but not not they're good I like I like the taste of 'em. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: what do you call those little uh things that pearls grow in? They come in a shell. 625: Uh that's a a snail. A small little snail you know? Interviewer: No these'll grow out in the ocean a a pearl might grow in 'em. They're called they got a shell you eat 'em on the half-shell sometime. 625: Yeah. Yeah they got uh I I I tell you I don't remember {D: just} how they call them. What they call them. Interviewer: There's oyst- 625: Oh you mean oysters. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 Oysters # yeah oh they got that down o- on the ground yeah. You you {NW} have to rake for them rake you know and the Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Now what's that thing you hear in the marsh at night, it goes {NW} like that real got a real 625: A bullfrog. Interviewer: Okay. And do you have any other kinds of frogs? 625: Oh yeah we uh we got toad frogs and the uh s- the wha- spring frogs they call 'em, now spring frogs when it's rainy weather sometime you hear them thing around {D: pond and you and the} {X} Man you hear 'em sing all over the place {D: but it's} {NW} They can holler and holler and then the old old toad frog you hear around the place uh around a a house mostly you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And I have read where they have taken frogs a frog and r- {D: rammed it} and I forgot where it was and a m- mailman carried it seventeen miles. How true the story was I don't know but he said there that he'd {D: bringed} that frog somewhere that he uh recognize and then he come back home. Interviewer: Yeah? 625: Now whether that's true or not I read that i- in the newspaper. Said the man's name and everything. Interviewer: Uh now what might you fish with? Um did you ever have, what would you fish with maybe? What sort of {D: thing} 625: Well people go out here in these pond and uh uh on the lake uh rivers some of 'em'll fish with a r- a rod and reel. {X} cast a rod and reel, go out and have a a a pole uh pole a fishing pole with a line on it you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And then uh people go out there sometime at uh {NW} at night and late in the evening or early in the morning and even at night and uh some people can tell but what time the mullet going to come in they catch 'em with nets You know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Catch a net, and throw out there and they catch 'em. Don't take long to fill up a get all the uh fish you want there. Mullet you wants you know they come out there by they come by school they call 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I seen {D: me} cross the river {D: out uh} the lake there {D: the pay there} and on the uh uh the summertime I stop and I said look over there. They they {D: toll grace} Said that {D: you can see 'em} {X} just like coming like that in the water he said {D: if I} and he said he didn't have his net, said if he had his net on him he wanted one throw in there he that's all he'd need. {X} {D: mullet take} {X} they go by school they call it. Interviewer: Yeah. Um well I'm talking about what might you fish with, you might dig something out of the ground to fish with. 625: {D: Oh yeah} {NW} get uh earthworm fish them down in the ground, an earthworm to fish. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And uh some people'll get shrimp you know they use shrimp {D: on the} {D: water ain't} dropped by those small shrimp you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And use that. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what about those what about those animals that crawl along the ground that have a hard shell and when you touch 'em they might pull back into the shell, what do you call them? 625: Well the they have some they call them a little wood terrapin. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they got one that they call a a {D: gulf} {D: them things'll run} these wood terrapins they'll uh travel all over the ground. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I've I've found several in the {D: route} put 'em here. And turned 'em loose in that field and I've seen several of 'em back {X} you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then the gophers, they'll dig a hole down in the {D: there's mice} dug a hole down here and they and they crooked, they go way over there they might be s- uh eight ten feet from there they might not be but four or five feet under the ground but they get dig a hole. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh some people'd they uh take a bamboo and put some hooks on it and uh they'd go in there and twist 'em around there and get down in there. {D: kill the} get a big old catfish hook, five or six of 'em 'til they hook it up pull pull 'em out you know {X} Interviewer: {NW} 625: They they good to eat those gophers they call 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then they had uh what they call a streaker head that stay in water. And then the they got a Interviewer: #1 Streaker head? # 625: #2 uh # Interviewer: Okay. 625: Streaker head and they have uh uh uh an old uh snapping turtle. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: That lives in the water {D: in the water} you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: Uh streaker head are good and they have what they call a soft shell soft shell {X} sh- turtle li- lives in the these uh uh creek. They're freshwater. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: They lay their eggs on the ground and then they hatch and I've seen about this uh {X} first part of May they gone in in the creek down in the creek there and you can see some places that they'd be {D: pools of 'em} about the size of a dollar {D: or five dollar round} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} They young they they'd hatch. They'd hatch on the they'd make the they laid eggs right on the sand bed on the sand right close by the {D: assuming} they'd hatch and then they'd get in that water. They'd live {X} it must not take much {D: for them to live} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they'd also catch some catfish out of those fresh waters too you know? We #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Um # what about things you might see in a freshwater creek? Mayb- they're little things, they look kinda like shrimp but you see 'em in freshwater creeks. 625: Uh they call them minnows. Interviewer: Yeah but no these were, these look like shrimp but they they go backwards they 625: Oh they're crawfish. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Crawfish. Interviewer: Alright. Now um talking about insects what about those insects that might that would fly around a light? Can you tell me about some of the insects you might have here? 625: Well uh uh the the light will draw uh {D: just the} what you call a light bug uh it's a it it it's a bug that used to come around a light it won't they won't bite you but Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 they'll # give you uh right around your {D: four} around your if you standing under a light outside you Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {D: know} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Especially on the lighter uh electric light then they know nothing {D: over it} And it'll also draw mosquitoes, mosquitoes come now too they'll {D: give you the devil} too you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: And uh Interviewer: What about that kind of bug that gets in your clothes might lay eggs? You have to put balls in your clothes maybe to stop that them from eating your stuff? What do you call them? 625: Uh uh well uh Interviewer: They like to eat wool. 625: I I Interviewer: #1 moth # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: uh you ever have any 625: Uh m- moths. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Mo- mo- moth moths they call 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Mo- uh Interviewer: Um did you ever have a little bug that might light up at night? You know you'd come out 625: Oh yeah. they call call that a light bug. I'll never forget {D: I just see} young boys at the {D: wake} one time here, my son would go there. About the same age and I was kinda timid like you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh uh let's see one girl asked me says uh {D: I rep-} what was the bravest thing in the world I said I it'd be hard for me to tell. One girl said it's uh a a a light bug. Interviewer: Why? 625: {X} Said it strike the light and let you see everything you got. Interviewer: {NW} 625: {NW} And we laughed and I never forgot that, I saw them girl later and uh same girl I I I I got them back to {X} that you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Um what might you call a little a long thin-bodied insect that had shiny transparent wings? Sometimes it would hover around a lake. And it would hover you know and then it'd just take off real fast. They'd used to eat mosquitoes a lot. 625: Uh well i- Interviewer: They used to 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # a lotta the 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: what little things uh live around and all over they call 'em a m- a mosquito hawk. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Alright. Now what about the sort of stinging insects you know? The ones that fly. 625: {NW} {X} Yellow jacket, the red wasp, they'll {D: stang} you, honey bees sta- sting you too they'll fly. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And also got a a uh a long green hornet about that long they live in the dirt, they call them di- dirt fl- wasps. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And boy when them wa- them things sting you they sting you and then they have the horne- hornets. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Make a big nest in the uh in the uh I've never been s- stung by one but I'll tell you when them thing hit you they kno- they nearly knock you down. Interviewer: Yeah. They're bad. Um now what about those wasps that build in in dirt, now you know they might build mud houses 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} what'd you call them? 625: Uh uh well they uh they call them uh dirt daubers. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: wasps} Interviewer: Alright. Um what about those little insects that burrow into your skin and make it you know, make it red and cause welts? 625: {X} let's see uh uh re- red bugs. Interviewer: Okay. Now did you have a little insect that would hop along in the grass during the summertime? 625: Well uh you you you you you had some that you {D: something reed breaks} where there're lotta open trees and sometimes uh you you'd stand around walking some {D: wishes} she'd get with a a a {D: pick on you} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 {D: you know?} # It'd get on you and it uh has uh some of 'em are {D: really} before you'd know it they had uh this s- s sting you {X} way down in in your leg and uh nearly full of blood before you'd realize it you know and Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # I have seen {D: call} so- some people sores on your back that big from the infection of it. Interviewer: Yeah it'd just their back would just swe- swe- 625: swelt- I guess and uh them things'd get in there and before they know it there was a big sore you know? Interviewer: Swell up. 625: Swell {X} Interviewer: Um di- wha- now these were harmless insect but they would hop around in the grass and you know they might eat a lot of stuff uh 625: {X} they had what they call grasshoppers. Interviewer: Okay. Alright um and what go ahead. 625: Uh well that's that's the Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 the on- # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 ly # Interviewer: Alright what what about the little things you might be out in the garden, you might back into 'em you know and the they'd be made by insects, you'd have to get 'em off of you. 625: That'd be a spiderweb. S- Interviewer: Yeah okay. 625: Sp- spiderweb. Interviewer: Okay. Now um talking about trees and bushes uh what do you call the part of a tree that's underneath the ground? You call them the 625: Roo- the roots. Interviewer: Okay. And uh can you tell me about some of the trees you have around here? 625: Yeah we have uh dogwood trees. Interviewer: Okay. 625: We had uh blackgum tree well sweet sweetgum trees. We had white oak. We have live oak we have water oak. We have uh Interviewer: Um have you got a kind of a white tree with a white scaly bark here? 625: We got uh uh what they call white berry. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: It's a a bottom of the leaf is white, the top is green. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And their bark is kinda smooth and {X} {D: light} And they got wa- uh they got two uh sa- what they call sassafras trees. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: They got that and then they got uh Interviewer: You got sycamore? 625: They got sycamore. They got uh they got uh cedar trees and uh oak trees. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of tree was it that old George Washington chopped down? 625: Uh cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay. Have you got a have you got kind of a shrub here that gets real red in the fall mr Moran? They used to use 'em to tan leather some folks. 625: Well uh we have uh uh uh some kind they call it hickory trees here that In the fall here that thing is just as red. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And {D: some days} you won't see it. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what about this was this was poison, this was kind of a bush it was poison to some people. It'd turn red in the fall, it was a big shrub. Uh you ever had sumac? 625: Now they had what you call uh uh let's see what they they got a weed that grows uh uh {D: now I I} a real simple name. That uh Interviewer: It make you break out? 625: Make you break {D: down} face your face would swell as well as I know that uh uh Interviewer: Poison ivy? 625: P- uh poison ivy, I was about to get poison ivy. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um you don't have sumac here? You'd ever heard of that? 625: I know if but I have I don't remember. Interviewer: Okay. What about some of the local berries you might have around here? That are good to eat. 625: Well we have blackberry Interviewer: Yeah. 625: We have blueberries. We have uh s- strawberries, {D: blueberries} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they had uh uh Interviewer: Did you ever get kind of a red berry around here that had a rough surface to it? It was like a strawberry it was 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 625: we have uh wha- {NW} down below uh {NW} in Hancock County down there towards uh {D: Lakeshore} and there they uh and around what they call {D: Miles Phillip} there he used to have a lotta tree in front of the back there wha- red something uh {D: mayhaw} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Just like uh Interviewer: Sounds good. 625: There there was a bunch of 'em in the yard Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 they # they made the best jelly you ever saw. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then they got these blueberries. Berries you know that make good good jelly too. Interviewer: Do you get raspberries here? 625: Uh some not too much, I don't think I don't know of too many, they might uh lotta people might raise I don't know too many people that raise 'em {X} Interviewer: What's that ra- 625: R- uh raspberries. Interviewer: Okay. 625: And they had what they call gooseberries but I never did raise them, I never did see any. Interviewer: I thought gooseberries were poi- I thought they were bad, they you couldn't eat 'em. 625: No I see 'em uh listed in the book and thing like that but never did I never did r- raise them. Interviewer: Okay. What about s- now some berries that grow in the woods you say you can't eat 'em because they're they're what? They're 625: {X} uh they're they're good and poison {X} the uh uh Interviewer: Okay. 625: Gom- uh they call 'em the mulberry bush. Interviewer: Okay. Now what do you call that big flower tree that's the state tree of uh Mississippi? 625: A a magnolia? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um do you ever have any other flowery plants around here? Any other types of flowery plants? 625: Oh yeah. {D: Uh there's uh} {D: one three hundred bush then they} {X} they call it jas- {D: jasmine} Interviewer: Ja- 625: {D: jasmake} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And there's another name too they call it but I can't think of it now. Interviewer: What do they call, you ever heard of any laurel around here, any sorta laurel? 625: No I haven't {D: if I have I don't know what they are} what they got rose bushes and Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um um if a married woman doesn't doesn't wanna make up can't make up her mind about something you'd say she had to ask her 625: Her husband. Interviewer: Okay. And uh a man might say I might have to I have to ask my 625: My wife. Interviewer: Okay. A woman who's lost her husband is called a a a a a widow. Okay. Now a man whose son you are is called your? Say a man whose son you're you are is called your? 625: Uh my my daddy. Interviewer: Okay alright. Did you ever have any terms like that that you'd use for your mother? Did you ever ca- what'd you call your mother? 625: Oh yeah I'd call uh my mother Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 Yeah # {X} my mother Interviewer: Yeah. You ever just call her, you ever call her you know when you were saying something to her you'd say 625: #1 Well if I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: speaking to her uh a question I'd say uh call her momma you know? Interviewer: Okay. Now your mother and your father together are called your 625: Parents. Interviewer: Alright. Um did you have a name you used to call your your grandfather uh any sort of term of endearment? You know maybe if when you were talking to him you'd say 625: Well I'd say grandpa you know? Interviewer: Grandpa? 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And your mother? Your 625: I I we used to Interviewer: grandmother? 625: Grandmother {D: right but right there especially} everybody that's what they called her. Interviewer: Okay. Now your sons and daughters you call your 625: My my children or m- my my family chi- my children or Interviewer: Okay. Um now something you'd put a baby in and and uh wheel him around in you call that a 625: A baby carriage. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and you might say you'd take the baby out for a 625: For a walk in the sunshine. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now let's see your children are your sons and 625: And daughters. Interviewer: Okay. And you might call 'em your boys and 625: My boys and girls too. {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now if a woman's going to have a child mr Moran you might say she's 625: Pregnant. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Or fa- uh some people usually used to call it family way but now people got to where they call it pregnancy. Interviewer: In a family way? 625: I don't know but when I was young they'd come up that's the way they {X} call it you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Now they call it pregnant. Interviewer: Okay. What what would you call a woman who who when there wasn't a doctor around she'd deliver the baby? 625: Uh that that that uh they'd call that a midwife. Interviewer: Okay. Now if a boy and his father have the same appearance do you say the boy 625: Resembles uh his father. Interviewer: Okay. Um and uh if a mother has looked after three children until they're grown you say she's 625: Well she's she's uh rai- she raised 'em the children 'til they're grown. Interviewer: Okay. Um to a naughty child a child who's been naughty you might say you're gonna get a 625: {D: A a} well a punishment they'll get a whipping if you do. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: Using} {D: your arm} Interviewer: Alright. Now if Bob say if one of your sons is growing and and he when he was young you say he might he one year he might've gotten he might've gone up in one year he might've say five inches he had 625: Growed uh uh Interviewer: He 625: Grown five inches {D: in a year?} Interviewer: One year. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: And you say to him you cer- my you certainly have 625: Have grown Interviewer: Grown up. 625: Uh grown up. Interviewer: O 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 kay. # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # You'd s- you might say why he he uh he came up so fast you could almo- almost see 625: See him growing. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Now did you have a name for a a for a child that was born to an unmarried woman? A child that was #1 born # 625: #2 Yeah. # to an unmarried woman? Interviewer: A let's see I think that they'd call if I'm not mistake they'd call them a little bastard baby. 625: Okay. Alright Interviewer: And and they that uh they they they they didn't have no parents you see? 625: Okay. Did you have any maybe um any names you might use you know uh other names or or names for a mixed mixed kid? A kid of mixed you know of uh different races or {D: more} Mixed breed? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: What what'd you call 'em? Well do you have another name for 'em? 625: Well uh you mean that that would be somebody between two two nationality. Interviewer: Well two two races maybe maybe. Somebody 625: Well {X} the real name for that would be creole. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: If it's two ne- uh two uh mixed thing were its two of uh white or black or an Ameri- American or Frenchman or Frenchman and Englishman. Interviewer: Okay. 625: The uh the name would be creole. A mix between two two different uh nationalities. Interviewer: Okay. What about a mix between two different races? Say black and white. 625: Well that'd be that'd be what you call creole too. Interviewer: Okay. Alright 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 um # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 625: I I I I like {D: the untroubled I run the store around here and the} {X} around here at one time and there's was uh {X} they both creole people there and they'd I I was born to talk French all my life you know? I studied French. Yeah? Interviewer: My mother was half of French and uh they were talking there about {X} uh Frenchman and the white and colored, the people around there. And they'll said the- them niggers over there they all creole. I said they a not only are them nigger I say you a creole too. Mean like uh all you people {D: you hear?} a- are are creole. {D: as well as myself} Man some of 'em got I thought they were gonna kill me. I said wait a minute I said uh I said you don't know what creole mean? And I sa- yeah. Say that to mean {D: it's a quick mix} between the black and the white. Uh-huh. 625: Alright I said what suppose suppose the French and the Englishmen married, what would you call that? Well they'd be white people. I said you can call that creole too. The word creole, I said look up your dictionaries {X} creole means uh uh people whose parents uh {X} are of different nationality. From different nationality. It doesn't say a lot about only color but different nationality. Interviewer: I didn't know that. 625: Well it you look it up and see, you'll see. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. 625: {NW} Interviewer: Now your brother's son is called your 625: Ne- nephew. Interviewer: Okay. Now a child that's lost its father and mother you call that a 625: A a uh a a {D: mu} uh uh uh Interviewer: Or- 625: Orphan orphan. Interviewer: O 625: #1 Orphan # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 625: children. Interviewer: Okay. Now a person who would be appointed to look after that child would be called its 625: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay. Now if a woman gives a party or somebody gives a party she might invite all the people who are related to her she said she'd asked all 625: All her relatives and friends. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} Did you ever have another name for it maybe you call 'em you know when you're speaking about all the folks that were 625: neigh- they might {X} neighbors. Interviewer: Well no you'd speak of all the folks that uh {NS} were uh related to you you'd say you'd call them your 625: A- all my family? Uh Interviewer: Okay. Yeah 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {D: when} # 625: members of family or rela- close relatives. Interviewer: Okay. Now did you have if somebody has the same name as you like Moran is a pretty common name by that I mean you know there are a lot of people that have it around here. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: But uh they're not they're not like you in other words you'd say they weren't they're they're what they're 625: They they weren't related to me? Interviewer: Okay. 625: Or were they Interviewer: you'd s- yeah 625: You might say they're distantly related. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now somebody comes into town, you've never seen him before he's a you call him a 625: {X} he he he'd be a stranger {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um would it make any distance how far he came from? 625: No. It it'd be uh {D: a ma- uh} well he'd be a foreigner. Interviewer: Okay. 625: He Interviewer: Came 625: Straight from overseas or or another country. Interviewer: Okay. Now 625: Another state. Interviewer: I wanna ask you some common names uh {D: and I'll j-} the mother of Jesus was 625: Uh Blessed Virgin Mary. Interviewer: Yeah. And uh George Washington's wife was named 625: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah. 625: Uh Interviewer: You had it 625: #1 Mar- # Interviewer: #2 right. # 625: Marthy? Interviewer: Okay. 625: Martha. Interviewer: Now um uh the ni- what was a nickname for Helen beginning with N? Do you have a nickname for Helen beginning with N uh 625: Helen that begin with N? Interviewer: A nickname from Helen beginning with N. You ever call 'em Nel- You ever call anybody Nelly? 625: Yeah. Yeah it a lot of people uh call Nelly they'd call 'em Nell you know? Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now a nickname for a little boy named William beginning with a B would be 625: Uh they call him Bill. Interviewer: Yeah but with a Y on that it'd be they might call him with a uh B-I-L-L-Y which would be 625: Billy. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Now the who wrote the first of the four gospels? The other three were written by Mark, Luke and John. The first one was 625: {X} uh Interviewer: Um well 625: Luke John and Interviewer: Mark, Luke, and John and uh let's see, Matt is a short name for 625: Matthew. Interviewer: Okay. Now a woman who uh a woman who's in charge of a schoolroom in charge a teaching some kids you'd call her a 625: A teacher. Interviewer: Okay. Um now let's see what would you call maybe a a a carpenter who hadn't been trained um you know who didn't have a lot of experience. You might you wouldn't trust him to build anything but a chicken coop maybe. 625: Well he'd be a a a helper. {X} helper. Interviewer: Yeah. But you'd you might call him what? If he was 625: Uh a a a uh jackleg carpenter. Interviewer: Okay. Alright do you have 625: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: Um can you pronounce that name for me? How would you say that in a 625: {D: Mrs Cooker} Interviewer: Okay. Alright. I just wanted to it's easier to go ahead and write that out before we mention 625: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: the husband} Um now what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 625: She'd be your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. Now um let's see the wife of Abraham was uh well what's a girl's name beginning with S? 625: Sarah? Interviewer: Okay. Very good. Now um if your father had a brother by the name of William you'd call him Uncle Willy. 625: And if he had a brother by the name of John you'd call him Interviewer: Uncle John. Okay. Now um if you were talking to the to a a military man named George say George Patton you wouldn't call him mr Patton you'd call him 625: Uh uh well if if he was a general you'd call 'em General captain you'd call 'em Captain. You know? Interviewer: Okay. And uh who was the fella who invented Kentucky Fried Chicken you'd call him the guy who invented Kentucky Fried Chicken. 625: Well he'd be he'd he'd be one that discovered the fried chicken. Yeah. Now b- right below a general is a what a A colone- Interviewer: Colonel? 625: Yeah o Interviewer: #1 kay. # 625: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Alright. Now a man who presides over a county court he's a 625: Judge. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call a person who goes to college to study? 625: A student. Interviewer: Alright. Now a person employed by a business man to look after his correspondence is called his private 625: Private secretary. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a woman who uh appears on the stage you call her a 625: An an actor. Interviewer: Yeah that's a man, you'd call a woman an 625: Actress. Interviewer: Okay. Now your we just celebrated our two hundredth anniversary. And uh now anyone born in our country is called an called 625: A- an an a an a an aggressor? Interviewer: Everybody's who's bor- anybody who's born in our country, you and I, we're called 625: Uh {D: citizens} citizens of the Interviewer: Yeah. You might say 625: United States uh Interviewer: uh of wha- 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: {NW} 625: of a new states area. {NW} Interviewer: You might say you and I are proud to be 625: Oh uh uh American. Interviewer: Okay. Now um {NW} uh did you ever have any word you might use for a a you might use for a um for a poor white man or a man who just uh didn't have a lot of you know didn't have a lot of opportunity like you or #1 {X} # 625: #2 Well # 625: Yeah they had they call 'em some people'd call 'em lazy {D: some of 'em} {D: tribal} and someti- some of 'em you'd say they were s- sick, unable to work you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Did um did you ever uh hear any derogatory terms used for 'em? Slang words or anything like that? You know by that I mean words that you know s- did you ever hear 'em called uh maybe uh you know any wo- any words, ordinary words you might have for white folk you know white folk? 625: Well yeah they would call 'em crackers. People you know? Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 625: #2 Yeah. # 625: Or uh Interviewer: Yeah you might call 'em you might call a black man a nigger but you you'd call a white man, did you have any names like that for 'em? When when when folks would get angry they'd talk about 625: Well uh I don't know just how you what you {X} I don't know if I understand Interviewer: #1 Do you ever call 'em # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: peckerwoods or Never heard that? 625: Well I heard some of 'em call they'd call some people troublemakers and thing like that you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear anybody call people poor whites? 625: What? Interviewer: You ever hear them call 'em poor whites or or 625: Oh yes I've heard people call 'em uh you call that people they the white people say they uh poor people you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Poor people, didn't have no no uh no uh energy to even get out and work some of 'em and and uh of course and I do know some {D: terrible people that} knew people like that and they were they were they were really {X} people they have what they call Brides Disease. {NW} And now they call 'em what they Brides Disea- Interviewer: Uh what was that word? {C: distorted pitch} 625: I said they used to uh people w- uh white people in Mississippi call them people from Virginia redneck. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But I guess they call 'em the Mississippi peoples don't say anything but a name you know? Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um now what would you call the man you worked for maybe a 625: Well they be the uh boss or Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um and uh let's see now um what did you ever hear negroes call black men call a a white man you know a poor white man a different name? Um 625: No. I I've always heard a a nigger uh a nigger call a white peop- white man mister all my life until the uh lately as far as I know on the coast here there were people uh niggers raise they still do. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: You know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: They still do. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you call a man who lived out in the country and who never got into town? You know somebody maybe who lived up way outside of {D: Kiln} 625: Yeah. Interviewer: You uh you know who never never came into town or something like that? 625: Well I've heard 'em call people like that country hoosier you know? Interviewer: Country hoosier? 625: Yes. Country hoosier who never would go anywhere. {X} never been to town, nowhere you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: I had a store one time whe- back when I was a little boy there's the {X} boy uh about twelve years old. Something like that that had never been to town, you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And one day when I went to town with his daddy you know? And they uh they they parents had always tell them people those boys not to use tobacco, anybody use tobacco wasn't smoke chew or uh smoke the type of things wasn't a gentleman. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And the boy went with him went to his daddy one day and he come back the next day he him and the the boyfriend he's telling him all about it. He said you know I counted a hundred and five men today and counting they were just five gentlemen in the bunch that the all the others uh hundred were smoking. They're just five gentlemen out of a hundred-and-five. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um so did you ever have any other words for it maybe? Did you call just anything like that? {D: not that} #1 {X} # 625: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Alright, a country hoosier you know a might call 'em a you ever call 'em a hillbilly or? 625: Well s- something like that yeah. Hillbilly. {X} uh they come from way out in the sticks the country. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Okay. Now um if it's not quite midnight, somebody was asking you what time it was and it was just it was getting near that time you'd say it's 625: Nearly twelve, nearly midnight. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um now you slip maybe on a on a wax floor and you catch yourself just before you hit the ground, you say this is a dangerous place I 625: I slipped and and hurt my my back. Interviewer: Yeah 625: #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 or # 625: hip my hip. Interviewer: I- if you didn't hurt yourself but you just barely caught yourself you'd say this is a real dangerous place I 625: I slipped. S- slipped down and Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Or or I almost or I 625: Almost broke my hip or Interviewer: Okay. 625: Leg. Interviewer: Now if somebody was waiting for you to get ready so uh you had to go somewhere he'd say uh will you be ready soon and and you you might call back you might say I'll be with in 625: Just a few minutes. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now if you know you're on the right road somewhere but you're not sure how far the distance is uh you see somebody you might call out uh to the next town you'd say hey uh how 625: How far is it to the next uh {NS} place I'm going to? Interviewer: Okay. Now if you're pointing out something nearby to somebody you might say uh you might say to 'em uh you'd say loo- you know something like 625: {X} Look a- look a- look at this over here. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you wanted to know how often somebody did so- I mean uh how many times somebody did something you might say how 625: How often do you do you do uh do you do do that thing? Interviewer: Okay. Now you might wanna agree with a friend when he's saying to you uh when he's saying something like I don't wanna do that uh you say well 625: Uh if that's the way you want it uh Interviewer: Okay 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 or # you wanted to express your approval with that friend you'd say well 625: I'll I'll Interviewer: Uh 625: If that's the way you want it, I'll I'll go along with you. Interviewer: Okay. Alright say you know say you were out somewhere uh and uh you were out with a couple of couple of men and couple of them wanted to go to a go to a bar uh one of your friends didn't want to go and he said he didn't want to go and you you wanted to express your approval that you didn't want to either you say well 625: Well y- I I I Interviewer: Well 625: I'd stay with him I I Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 I # would go I'd stay with him and I don't care about Interviewer: #1 You ever # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: say need it? 625: Need it ah Yeah. Care about going Interviewer: Okay. Might say uh me 625: Me too, I don't care about going. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now um uh what do you call this part of your head? Uh part of your this 625: Fo- forehead. Interviewer: Okay. Now this is your 625: Skull. Interviewer: Yeah but 625: #1 hair. # Interviewer: #2 this # 625: hair. Interviewer: Okay and if you had some on your face you'd call that your 625: Beard. Interviewer: Okay. Now which ear is this? This is your 625: Left ear. Interviewer: And this is your 625: Right ear. Interviewer: Okay. Now if somebody's mumbling you might say take that chewing gum out of your 625: Your mouth? Interviewer: Okay. Now you might say somebody got a chicken bone stuck in his 625: Throat. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call this your this is called your 625: Your neck. Interviewer: Alright. Um uh what about the you know what goozle means? Uh 625: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: Okay what's that? 625: That goozle right here. They call 'em Adam's apple too. Uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 {X} # {X} Yeah that's what they call the Adam's apple. Interviewer: Okay. Now you might have the dentist look at your 625: Your uh your your pallet? Your uh throat Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: the dentist looks at your 625: Your your your tongue your your mouth your throat and make your Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Hold your mouth you know? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you chew with your 625: The teeth? Interviewer: Okay. And uh say you you might go to the dentist and he says I've got to take out a 625: A tooth out of your mouth? Interviewer: Okay. Um now what do you call this? This is the 625: Palm of the hand. Interviewer: Okay and if you double it up you might make a 625: Fi- fist Interviewer: And two of 'em you'd say you made two 625: Two fists. Interviewer: Okay. Now what about any place where you bend your finger or your hand or arm you'd call that your 625: {X} elbow. Interviewer: Yeah but any place where you'd bend you 625: Joi- joint. {D: and uh} Interviewer: #1 okay. # 625: #2 Call that # a joint. Interviewer: Now the upper men's part of his body is is 625: chest. Interviewer: Yeah you might say he's got real broad 625: Broad shoulders. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh Mr Moran, don't they measure the height of a horse in how 625: By hand yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: How many hands high. Interviewer: Alright. Now if you got a pain in your toe maybe you say it ran all the way up through your through your 625: Through the foot. Interviewer: In all 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 the way up through your # 625: uh uh it went through my {D: foot there} of my leg. Interviewer: Okay. Now you say you have two {NS} two 625: #1 three # Interviewer: #2 You got # one foot two 625: two shoes. Interviewer: Yeah but if you got one you got one foot and you got two feet. 625: T- two feet. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Now um you might say I stumble over something in the dark and I bruised my 625: #1 My ankle. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: my ankle or my Interviewer: Yeah what do you call this area right here? Your 625: My my leg? {X} the shin? 625: #1 Shin # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: #1 bone. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Alright. Um when you're squatting down you say you squatting down what do you call this area right here? You 625: Oh the hip. Interviewer: No you might say you're getting down behind somewhere you're you're you're kinda you're doing what? If you if you're waiting for a friend to come by and you're gonna scare him you say you're 625: You squat down. Interviewer: Squat down and and you call this your what? Your back here you might call this your 625: Rump. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: your your okay {NW} alright. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} Um let's see if somebody had been in bed for a while and you say they didn't look well uh they'd been sick but they just got up again you'd say he might he still looks kinda he looks a little bit 625: He he look he still look a little bit {NS} pe- uh uh peaked but he he he I I think he'll pick up again. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um but a person who's big and strong you'd call him you might say that he's 625: A big robust man. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what would you call a man who was real easy to get along with? 625: Well he you uh you you you call him a good kind man. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: He's good natured. Interviewer: Yeah. Alright. Um now uh a boy who's say in his teens and he's apt to be knocking things over all the time this there are you know who's always tripping over things you'd say he was 625: Rou- rough-and-tumble-guy. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah but if he didn't mean to do it, he always did it on accident you know? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you say about him if he was if he was just a little bit 625: A lil- little bit full of mischief. Interviewer: Well no if he if he didn't mean to do it you know he was always just accidentally bumping into things or 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 running over # 625: be careless. Interviewer: Careless 625: #1 careless # Interviewer: #2 or # Interviewer: Careless or you might say he was he was awkward or 625: Yeah you could say he was jealous or awkward or uh not realizing what he was doing. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} now {C: tapping on microphone} a person who just did things all the time that didn't make any sense just never seemed to make sense you'd call {NS} you say he's just a plain 625: Plain ignorant person. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Okay you might say uh {NS} you ever just say he was just just a a outright uh maybe a you ever say fool? 625: Well uh uh no personally I never did call anybody a fool, uh because I Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} according to the Bible says not to call anybody a fool you know? Interviewer: Is that so? 625: That's right. Thou shall never call a person a fool. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Alright. Um {NS} well then would you have any other names you might {NS} you'd say well other names you might call him? Call a person like that? 625: Well uh that'd that'd be a person that uh careless and not uh they might not realize what they're doing and not good uh sound judgment or something {X} a lack of little uh judgment. You know may- Maybe not {NS} necessarily normal you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: Maybe just a little off, not crazy but just be not normal. Interviewer: Okay. 625: I've heard 'em talk of people like that, say that person is not normal but they at that time they'd be alright but then they uh at the same time you could tell that people {X} they wouldn't know what to be doing you see? Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever call somebody uh maybe they were just a little bit queer or anything? 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You ever say # 625: Yeah we had a yeah. That's what we called people there {X} like that you know? Queer you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {D: but} Interviewer: Um his i- when you say um he is uh he's a queer fellow he w- uh would you mean he's just a bit what? He's 625: Well uh {X} I've heard 'em used a lot of times more uh than any other way to say he's a peculiar person. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: You know? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Well gimme a few examples give me can you give me an example maybe of the way you'd use that word? You'd say 625: Well you find somebody w- uh people that like uh uh not too many but you'd you'd talk to 'em about something it look like they're always uh would want uh would rather be uh a little bit uh different. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: That disagree with you. Like one time a a man told me about I was working for a man and another man was about to take his place. And he uh uh {X} and this friend uh about to leave he's he's uh retired. And this a guy he was uh he come there and he was hired by the big shot, the headman. {NS} And he was kind of peculiar. It'd take me too much to tell you about all but uh uh and this fella uh been working there with him for about fi- four years and uh he and I n- never had a cross word and he never told me I'd done anything wrong but and uh we was talking about it one day, he says you know what? He says he was he was a peculiar man, he says you got a need for a for a man like that. And I I say yeah, I said I can't what it is it's all uh I started to say it's arbitrary. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: He said he he says what the hell you talking about, {D: And I says} somebody uh just disagree with him and say he ain't different than anything you {D: want} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh later he went home, he looked in the office {X} dictionary he find, he come back and say's you right. That's what it is arbitrary, just different than anybody else. Interviewer: Okay and you might call a man like that you'd say he's just a little bit would you call him kinda queer or what 625: {X} no I I'd I I'd call him a a l- a just different than any- body else, see? He's Interviewer: Okay. 625: peculiar it would be pecu- peculiar, uh more peculiar than ordinary of course. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the word queer about somebody? 625: Uh personally I don't remember that I ever did. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. What about a man who never spends any money? Never spends of his any of his money you'd call him a 625: Oh they call him a a a tightwad. Interviewer: Okay. What about somebody who could was able to get money out of somebody else all the time, he'd be called a 625: A a bum. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Or or just a man who you know he had a lot of money of his own but he always just liked to try and get money outta other people you'd call him a 625: I don't know, I never {X} Interviewer: You ever call him maybe a a 625: I never Interviewer: Chisler or? 625: I don't remember anybody had uh too much people that had little money trying to borrow something from anybody else. Unless it's some fellow h- uh had a little money {X} uh Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Uh most people now would know that they wanna borrow some money with somebody to drink whiskey with or something like that you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Now when you use the word common about a person, what would it mean? 625: Well i- {NW} just common, ordinary they just uh {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Ordinary per- 625: #1 Ordinary # Interviewer: #2 son? # 625: person just like you know ordinary person you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: #1 common # Interviewer: #2 If you # said maybe a girl was was very common you'd #1 say # 625: #2 Yeah. # Yes yeah, very common just like ordinary people {X} just common people you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um now if an old man like you is still strong and active uh doesn't show his age people might say you're still 625: uh Interviewer: still quite 625: uh uh quite uh physical in good shape. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: #1 {D: Some of 'em} # Interviewer: #2 Di- # Interviewer: Did you ever have any adjectives you might use for it? You know you might say they're still 625: #1 A lotta # Interviewer: #2 Still # real 625: young a lotta life left in y- left in you uh Interviewer: Yeah or 625: Or Interviewer: Still quite lively or 625: #1 quite # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: quite uh 625: Just qui- still getting around good for your age. Interviewer: Okay. Alright um did you ever say maybe spry or? Quite ne- never used that? 625: No if I was tell me you still uh look very active and young I've had people {D: not like} uh here lately that I've seen they still look good and get around good, I say yeah but I say you know looks uh s- uh {X} a look is deceiving sometimes. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} Okay. {C: tapping on microphone} Now uh {NS} if somebody he might say to you I don't want to go upstairs in the dark I'm {NS} I hate to go upstairs in the dark I'm 625: Scared to go up there? Interviewer: Okay. Uh and you might say she's not she isn't afraid now but she {NS} she isn't 625: #1 she she # Interviewer: #2 afraid now # 625: #1 but she's # Interviewer: #2 but she's # 625: afraid at night? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Alright. You ever say she the old gray mare, she ain't what she 625: Oh yeah the old gray mare is not what she used to be. Interviewer: Al- 625: #1 right. # Interviewer: #2 That's what # 625: Uh there is a song played about that you know? Interviewer: Yeah. I know, I bet you can play it on that violin too. 625: I I I If I could think about it, I I know I could, I do know. Interviewer: Uh {NS} now you might say uh um {NS} she uh she's she's not afraid of the dark any uh wait you you might say I can't understand why she's so afraid she 625: she uh uh afraid of the dark he's uh Interviewer: She 625: she she's not afraid in daytime. Interviewer: Okay or well maybe uh she you might say now she's afraid of the dark but she 625: She used to she wasn't afraid. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um now if a man is very sure of his ways and never wants to change or never uh never wants to listen to anybody else you'd say he was 625: He's an old grouchy. Aux: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Grouchy? # 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah but you know if he was just he was real set in his ways and he never wanted to never wanted to listen to anybody else or or do something he always wanted to do it his way 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 you'd say he # was 625: He he was contrary. Interviewer: Contrary? Okay. You might say he was obstinate or or 625: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: I've heard people call people that wouldn't agree with people call 'em contrary you know Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 and uh # uh just uh you different than anybody else and they'd Interviewer: #1 O- # 625: #2 call # 'em contrary or disagreeable. Interviewer: Okay you ever hear 'em called stubborn or 625: Stubborn, they call 'em stubborn yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else any you know any other words along that line? 625: Hateful. Interviewer: Okay. What would call a person you never could joke with without him losing his temper all the time? You'd say he he uh somebody loses his temper when they get when things get {D: wrong} real easily you'd 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 say # he's he's awfully 625: He- he's awfully easy to get mad, he don't take can't take a joke. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 too # selfish Interviewer: O- 625: #1 He's # Interviewer: #2 kay # 625: too independent. Interviewer: Alright. Now you might say somebody like that you'd say uh I was just kidding him, I didn't know he'd get so 625: Uh so so mad about it or get offended. Interviewer: Okay. Now if somebody's about to lose his temper you might tell him you might tell him to just 625: Just quiet down and uh Interviewer: Okay. 625: uh Interviewer: Or j- 625: Be be calm. And Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 uh # Interviewer: Alright. 625: Well now wait 'til you understand me good. Interviewer: Alright. Now if you've been working very hard all day you might say you you're very 625: Very tired Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 and you # Interviewer: #1 You # 625: #2 You # Interviewer: you're very very tired you just say you're all 625: All give out. Interviewer: All give out okay. Um and uh you might say somebody's completely I'm just completely 625: Relaxed. Interviewer: Yeah or #1 {X} # 625: #2 or completely # completely give out. Interviewer: Okay. Or wor- or you 625: #1 w- # Interviewer: #2 might say # 625: worn out? Interviewer: Okay wo- worn out. Now if a women had been, I mean if a person has been quite well and suddenly you hear that they have taken some disease they they got some disease you might say last night they 625: They they took they t- took sick all at once? Interviewer: Okay. All at once? 625: Uh-huh yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um now you might say somebody is sick now but they'll be well by 625: by tomorrow, the next day. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um or by 625: By a few days a a week or so. Interviewer: Alright. 625: It's Interviewer: Uh you might say uh if somebody sat in the {D: draught} or sat out in the rain and began to cough you'd say last night he 625: He he he he caught a cold and made him sick. Interviewer: Okay. Now {D: if there thing in his voice} you'd say he was 625: Hoarse. Interviewer: And uh you you might say {NW} I've got a little 625: A cough. Interviewer: And uh then now you might say I better go to bed I'm feeling a little 625: Little sleepy. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And uh then the next morning you say uh I'll the next morning you'd you'd 625: Uh I well {X} you uh uh I'll have s- {D: seen me down} about to get up I said I've I slept so hard last night I I I still feel sleepy. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 And # sometimes on the other hand sometime I I'd say I felt pretty good last night but uh I didn't I didn't rest too good, I slept didn't sleep too good. Interviewer: Okay. Now what if you were what if you were sleeping in there somebody would be in here they'd say well it's about time for him to to uh get up, I'd better go 625: Uh wake him up. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Call him. # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Alright. Um if the patient if the medicine is still by a patient's bedside you might say to him why haven't you 625: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: Okay and and he would say to you uh well yesterday I 625: I forgot. Interviewer: No. 625: Yesterday I took Interviewer: I took 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 some # and I'm going and I will and tomorrow I'll 625: Take some more. Interviewer: Okay, can I turn the light on? 625: Yeah that's right Interviewer: {X} alright. Um now a person a person who can't hear at all you'd say he was stone 625: Stone deaf. Interviewer: Alright. Now a man begins to sweat when he's out in the har- hot sun you'd say by the time he'd finished he had 625: {X} uh what, how does that end? Interviewer: If a person person begins to sweat while he's out in the hot sun you'd say by the time he's finished he had 625: he's uh uh wet with sweat? Interviewer: Okay he had by the time he's finished he had sure s- 625: Sweat a lot. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh you might take off your shirt and you'd say look how I look how much I 625: I sweat. Interviewer: Okay. Now what would you call a a discharging sore that would come to a head? 625: Call them a rising. Interviewer: A rising? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay and what would you call the stuff that would come out of it Mr? 625: A core. Interviewer: #1 Core? # 625: #2 {X} # 625: Core uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh this stuff that you know the white stuff that might come out of the 625: Of a a rising. And sometime you had to cut one open you know and they'd come a big core outta that. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} Interviewer: That stuff would ooze out it would 625: Yeah. Interviewer: You call 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 that # the core? 625: Core, you had to wait and you had to wait 'til they'd get ready to open it too you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: I had one on my leg there one time, right along here somewhere that and I was riding horseback. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: I had a horse and I I could uh uh get on the saddle and ride pretty good. It wouldn't hurt me. But uh when I went uh I was out in the woods looking at some cows, cattle and the when I got on it something or other the horse turned turned left with me. When he did it just throw me to the right. And I fell right on that thing and boy it popped. I heard it pop you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: When I got home I had to change clothes, all that stuff come out but I tell you one thing, the next morning it was alright. Yeah. 625: It healed up. I found out that was the good way to s- uh get rid of 'em but I never did try it Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Now if you got an infection in your hand and it got bigger your hand got bigger than it's supposed to be you'd say my hand 625: Infection is swelling. {D: it's moving a lot} Interviewer: You say my hand did what? It it my hand just 625: Got got sore and it just Interviewer: Yeah. 625: swollen and {X} Interviewer: Okay. If it's not infected you'd say it wouldn't it wouldn't 625: It wouldn't be uh it wouldn't be too bad if as long as it's not infected. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call the uh the water in a in a in a blister um inside the blister you get a liquid and it forms 625: Well it it uh it well they form a type of kind of a bloody bloody sh- water you know? Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: put 'em out} Interviewer: Alright. Um In a wound if a boo- in a in a excuse me in a if a bullet goes through your arm you'd say you got a 625: A bullet hole through your arm. Interviewer: Yeah you call that a you call that a what a 625: Well uh a a shot uh through through your arm. Interviewer: Yeah in a war maybe you'd get a bullet through your arm you'd say I'm I got me a w- 625: A bullet through my arm? Interviewer: Yeah did you ever call it a wou- Wound? 625: Wou- wound a wound yeah. Interviewer: Okay. What was the kind of skinless growth that might grow on a wound and it's got to be burned out? Did you ever have any of that? You know did you ever 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 hear of # some kind of flesh? 625: That's a war again Interviewer: No it's someth- kind of a skin growth that would you ever {NS} had 625: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: You talking about a skin cancer? Interviewer: No um this was some kinda flesh you'd call it p- did you ever hear of proud flesh? 625: Oh yes yeah proud flesh. Yeah. Yeah. We had uh they have to do something for that and then uh Interviewer: Okay um now if you got a little cut {NW} in your finger you might put what would you put on it, you'd put 625: You uh put a little salve in the cut that'll ease it adhesive tape over it. Interviewer: Okay. What about a little brown liquid, you'd call that 625: Oh mercurochrome? Or iodine. Interviewer: Okay. Now did you ever have to take anything, what was it you'd take for malaria? 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You might # for malaria you might take what? What was that qui- did you ever have to take it? 625: Uh uh I don't remember, it been so long I don't remember Interviewer: #1 Did you ever have # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: take quinine? 625: Oh yes we used to take quinine fill that with capsule. #1 You know? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 625: {X} Yeah I forgot about that we I took a many of them Interviewer: Um now if a man was got ill and didn't recover you'd say he what he {NS} 625: #1 You'd say # Interviewer: #2 He'd uh # the doctor did everything he could 625: {D: And I} doctor did everything he could and then he couldn't couldn't save his life. Interviewer: Yeah you 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 say the man # 625: couldn't get his well Interviewer: You'd say the man finally 625: Died. Interviewer: Died okay. {NS} Um did you ever have any other words for that? You know maybe a crude word or something, you might say he well that old guy he finally 625: He finally served his time well but he passed away. Interviewer: Okay. Um now you might say uh he's been dead a week but nobody's figured out what he what he 625: What he really uh what he really died with what had caused him to die. Interviewer: Okay. Now what do you call a place where people are buried? 625: That's a graveyard. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and the box people buried in 625: Coffin. Casket. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now you might say he was an important man, everybody turned out for his 625: Fun- {C: unnatural speech} for his funeral? Interviewer: Okay. The people dressed in black you'd say they're in 625: uh they're in mourn mourning. Mourning for the people. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} If somebody if you meet somebody on the street {C: tapping on microphone} and {NS} and he says well how are you today? If you're feeling just about average you'd say oh well I'm 625: I'm I'm I'm feeling {NS} fine, how are you feeling? Now talking about mourning if they have to put a black uh uh sling around they're arm too you know? Like a coat or something like that a Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # 625: Put that around Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} I hear they don't do that as much anymore. 625: No one even put it around a hat you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And people used to now they don't even wear black or nothing you know the {X} Interviewer: Okay. 625: Whatever just an old custom but still it's not thinking it was a good one myself, I think the old uh uh it was bad that you had to quit it you know? Interviewer: Yeah. Um now if if somebody is uh is is troubled you might say oh it will come out all right. You might say oh it'll come out alright. 625: Yeah everything will work out all right. Interviewer: Just just 625: Take time. Interviewer: Just don't 625: Don't rush it. Interviewer: Or don't well you might say don't uh or 625: Don't aggravate too Interviewer: #1 It'll # 625: #2 much? # Interviewer: be okay just don't you know don't wor- 625: Work too hard. Interviewer: Or worry, you ever say don't 625: Don't worry about it too much. Interviewer: Okay alright. Now the disease of the joints you call that what? 625: Rheumatism. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Or uh uh they used to call it that, now they call it arthritis. Interviewer: Arthritis? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what was that disease that folks would get they had children'd get it, you know real severe blisters in the throat? 625: You mean a {X} Interviewer: Yeah no blisters in the throat get a blisters in your throat and uh they used to choke to death? D- 625: Diphtheria. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Now what was the disease that made your skin turn yellow? {NS} 625: Uh yellow fever. Interviewer: Okay. Yellow 625: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Y- # Interviewer: your skin and eyeballs turn yellow you'd say you you got yellow 625: Yellow fever. Interviewer: Well what about jau- uh did you ever get did you ever get 625: Yellow jaundice. Yellow jaundice. Yellow Interviewer: Okay alright. Um if you got a pain down here you gotta have an operation you say you got what? You got a real big pain down here you know 625: #1 It- # Interviewer: #2 when # 625: it'd be a a uh be uh appendcit- uh uh apen- appendicitis way down there. Interviewer: Okay. Now if somebody swallowed something that didn't agree with him you'd say he had to he'd have to do what with it, he had to 625: Have to vomit or throw it up. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you ever have any uh any crude na- words for that or you know any words about you can say you went to he had he ate too much lunch and he had to go in and and uh 625: And throw it all uh throw it up. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um which is the which is the more crude term vomit or throw up? You'd say 625: Well uh I guess uh vomit would be most Interviewer: Most what? Most 625: Most uh commonly you know and you don't Interviewer: Commonly used? 625: Yeah. Common- Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 -ly # Interviewer: It would be more polite? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um now if a person vomited you'd say he was sick 625: To his stomach. Interviewer: Sick on his stomach alright. Um if if a boy comes home with a with lipstick on his collar his little brother says you've been 625: He he he he's been loving a girl he's been kissing a girl or she been kissing him with red lip- re- red uh uh Interviewer: You might say they've been what? They've been 625: Been uh uh loving each other. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {D: Or they} # Interviewer: Did you ever have any old-fashioned terms for it maybe? 625: Well if if you see it on a boy's face you'd say you been kissing your girl with red li- lips. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Alright. Now uh um you you might say a boy who's paying serious attention to a girl you'd say he's he's doing what with her, he's 625: He's courting her. Interviewer: Courting her? Okay. Did you ever have any other terms for it? Maybe you know your grandmother might say well 625: Well they they the the this this uh {X} her sweetheart you know? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Sweetheart? # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {D: yeah and they'd be} # Interviewer: Okay and uh what was what did he call her? He is her 625: {X} her Interviewer: She is his what? 625: She uh his his sweet darling Interviewer: Okay and 625: #1 {D: His darling.} # Interviewer: #2 what would she # 625: Or girlfriend they they use that term yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: Girlfriend} they might say. Interviewer: What were what would she call him? He she he would be her? 625: Uh her sweetheart. {X} Interviewer: Okay or or her 625: her her boyfriend, they usually use sometime one to 'em but mostly now they use, they'll say it's my boyfriend you know? Interviewer: Now if a child was misbehaving you'd say to him if you do that again I'll 625: I'll spank you. Interviewer: Okay. Now if a if a girl doesn't want to marry a man what would she do with him, she's she doesn't want him you'd say she 625: She tell him she don't want to get married or {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} Interviewer: Um did you ever have any uh did you ever have any words for it or you know she'd say she she just kinda what? 625: Well I don't know if she just decided I guess she just decided she decided she wouldn't marry, she Interviewer: #1 Okay or # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: she'd turned you down or sh- 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 -e # what? She 625: She turned him down cause she uh didn't know if she she ought to marry him or not. Interviewer: Okay. You ever say maybe she she {D: upted} him or 625: Yeah. Well yeah maybe she sh- sh- {X} maybe sometime she decided well she didn't know if she really love with him she was {X} best thing to do is to not to marry him you know? Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh what do you call that big noisy party maybe you have a big noisy thing for after a couple's been married you might get a bunch of people to come around the house and play a band or shoot off a gun 625: Uh tha- tha- that's uh that's uh chivalry. Interviewer: #1 Chivalry? # 625: #2 {X} # if it's {X} that you have a wedding and d- don't invite everybody {D: you see?} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Did it did it so it's often sometimes it might be you know the people that are made that that don't that weren't invited? {D: Threw out there that did that?} 625: Well they they they they they'd end up mad that {X} real friends you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Sometime you know if if a couple of girls and get married but they don't they don't expect it and the the because they'd always have a whiskey at the house. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh {X} went off for a couple days. And they knew when they st- {X} always knew when they come back, as soon as they come back they'd get they'd uh they'd get ready that night and the next night they might give 'em a {X} time to prepare for it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: But they could get ready and they knew it was gonna go and they'd have a big old tub {D: fill} somebody come round they'd g- gather round them, the first thing they'd do is they shoot a gun and then they'll shoot a rifle shotgun you know and go all around the house and all and shoot ring bell, hit tubs and holler and Used to hear it for miles. I got a uh I got a ca- uh {D: art fill} there that {D: sing me outta Bruin's} you could hear it five miles. And uh and uh I had my m- my daddy used to take it, my brother used to take it to chivalry you know? And things like that. And they'd they'd make racket you know? Then they'll they'd uh they'd make a few round they'd come at the door and knock and they and asked if we were gonna open it, we'd say no. They'd go around again. Well finally after a while there when they'd come they'd open the door said well put all your bells away and come on in and they'd have everything ready for them to eat and drink and you know? And the whiskey the wine and the cakes and everything. Interviewer: #1 Well I'll # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: be. Now uh 625: {NW} Interviewer: If you're talking about seeing somebody in say in Jackson, Mississippi you'd say well I saw him where? Would you say I saw him 625: I saw him in Jackson, Mississippi. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say up or 625: I- up yeah I s- I'd saw him up in Jackson, Mississippi. Interviewer: Okay. When would you say you you saw somebody down in you might say 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 say I saw him in # 625: down in in in New Rockport. Interviewer: Okay. Alright or or you might say you saw him over you saw him where? You saw him did you ever did you ever see if you saw him in uh in you saw him say in in Vancleave you say you saw him 625: Oh yeah I saw I saw him over in Vancleave or Interviewer: Okay. 625: Uh over in {D: Wakin} something like that. Interviewer: Alright okay. Uh now what would you call you say there was trouble at the chivalry and the police came and arrested the whole you might say they arrested 625: Well uh I know they s- uh never had knowed that to happen but they {D: give you they ha-} have {D: been uh} {X} they'd have to arrest the whole crew you know? Because Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 we # all, all implicated. Interviewer: Okay. Um did ya what would you call the thing where wo- young folks would go out to eat and then all get together, did you ever have any of those uh? 625: Well uh I we'd have call that a party I guess. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: They might all get together and and do what? They'd all 625: {D: Well} get together and go some of them play games or even get together and go to a place and have a dance. Used to be a school dance, you know? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Did you ever play any you played those uh didn't you a lot? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Did they ever have any other names for 'em, those dances? A 625: Well when I was a young boy up until uh uh people out in the country they could get out on a Saturday morning and they'd go to a place and ask them if they could have a dance there that night. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And they'd and they'd tell 'em alright, they maybe they had a big room and and uh people'd at one time they had pretty good size room there and they'd two uh uh {D: partition} a and uh it was easy to take partition out. And they'd make a big place for them to dance and they had rooms on the side you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh they'd go there and and used to let the words outta uh few places and by that night there'd be a lotta people there {X} would be a lotta people there and and uh they'd dance all night. But like myself, I played a fiddle and uh uh Interviewer: You never played a hoedown? 625: Oh yeah. We know that I I'd I'd I call 'em {X} breakdown, square dance they call it. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And we you'd we there'd there'd always be five or six people could play the fiddle, somebody's taking the guitar. We didn't hire but nobody got paid but back then they they just played uh uh for fun you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And I seen 'em many time, I wished I never knew how to tune a fiddle. For I'd rather dance than to play you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: There weren't any wasn't too many people that could play and I had to play that made it bad you know? Interviewer: Yeah. What'd you call those? Uh you know where people would all get together and and have one of those things where you have a fiddle? You w- you call that a 625: We used to call that a frolic. Interviewer: Frolic? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Everybody'd gather there and you'd communicate and and uh and they had us one uh and on the s- on the sixth day of January they used to call that old Christmas Day. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And uh many time we'd have a dance on that night. And it never went by when I was a boy and uh uh {X} before I old enough to go to dances {X} for years even after we I was married. And while I was a young boy many time uh uh the girls would take a little piece of ribbon about that long and a pin and they'd pin it to a a boy's coat you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 625: And uh they'd call that his uh that'd be her her king and she'd be the queen you know? And they'd get yeah they'd be get even couples they'd get eight, ten or twelve. Well right then the people would get together. And uh they'd uh they'd give these girls uh money, they'd make uh what they call teacakes. And they'd uh ma- and and they'd buy sugar coffee and some of 'em would make punch and things like that. And they'd have these teacake and coffee and punch, somebody didn't want to drink coffee, they'd drink punch. And uh a- all night we have enough uh uh of those things to last all night and when we danced all night long and then that night the first dance danced the square dance and of course the man the {D: gre- then then} girls would make a big old bow like that and pin it to the king the night of the dance you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: {X} they'd dance together for a square dance, the first thing they'd do and then of course then they'd dance with one another you know? But they they had that and the girls had one on 'em too to represent the who they were you see? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then uh they'd they'd they'd pin that on s- on New Year's Day, I mean the sixth of January three or four week they'd find a place where they'll have a dance and they'd and uh get all that {X} have an and then dance all night, sometimes they'd drink coffee, they'd be alright and go home Interviewer: {NW} 625: The people in the people used to enjoy themselves better than they do now but you tell some people there they'd think you were crazy. Interviewer: Really? 625: Some people wou- would some people would walk three or four miles to go up to a dance the other day. Now then uh some people well they they couldn't join that and {D: going to these strumhouses uh uh now that's} uh {X} they don't enjoy themselves like we did when the uh we went to a dance like that. But you tell some people that night they think they enjoy themselves, they get in the car, they brought the girl, they {D: going over to the wheel, to the Kiln} to a dance and go some place you know and {X} all they do they spend their time with her in the car {D: going uh} in the car you know they call that a good time, you know? People used to enjoy themselves better than they do now. Cuz they'd walk three or four miles to go up to a dance, when the dance was over they'd go back home. Interviewer: Now uh if children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say uh at four o'clock school does what? 625: C- close. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: Let's out.} The children Interviewer: Now uh after vacation you might say what time does school 625: Start again? Interviewer: Okay. Um now if a boy left school or or didn't show up for school for a class one day you might say he did what? 625: He he uh uh he he he played uh uh Interviewer: Hoo- 625: What? What? Uh he played hooky that day. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Hooky hooky alright. Interviewer: Alright. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Now you might say people go to school to get a 625: Education. Interviewer: Alright. And uh after kindergarten you go into the what? The 625: The {X} they go into {D: preliminary} Interviewer: Preliminary? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # or uh I believe now they call it the first grade, {X} well back then they didn't and uh it started with prim- but now days they they'll after kindergarten they go to Interviewer: #1 To primi- # 625: #2 {X} # 625: To primary yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Now the classroom has what is i- what do you have have in a classroom? You have The children sit in 625: In desks. Interviewer: Okay. You might say somebody let him left a note on my 625: My desk. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call the building where you keep books? 625: Uh library. Interviewer: And you mail a package at the 625: Uh the post office. Interviewer: Okay now in a strange ho- in a strange town you'd stay overnight in a 625: Motel. Interviewer: Or a 625: Or a hotel. Interviewer: Okay. You see a play at the what? At the What do you go to see a play at? Or maybe a 625: Uh at a Interviewer: A movie? 625: Movie theater or movie uh Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Uh # 625: ball ball game? Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever go to see a movie? What would you call that when you go see a movie? 625: A picture show. Interviewer: Okay. Um you have a hof- an operation in the Where do you go to have an operation? 625: Uh the hospital. Interviewer: Okay and who takes care of you there? You're looked after by the woman who is a 625: A nurse. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 {X} # I would've know I've had s- uh six of 'em. Six operations in my life. Interviewer: You have? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: What'd you have? 625: I had two hernia operation, I had a gall bladder operation, I had a uh uh dropped retina in my left eye. Operation and uh and I had a cataract removed in my right eye and I've had a prostate operation. Interviewer: Okay. Now you catch a train at the 625: Depot. Interviewer: Okay you might call that the rail the ra- 625: Railroad. Interviewer: R- 625: The railroad. Interviewer: #1 Railroad # 625: #2 {X} # depot. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. What would you call an open place maybe in the middle of a city where right near the courth- court yard you know court- right near the courthouse? It was all green and uh had grass with trees around it? 625: A a Interviewer: You have a name for that? 625: A a a a Interviewer: The place 625: Yeah Interviewer: #1 the center of # 625: #2 uh # Interviewer: town around 625: #1 yeah the # Interviewer: #2 the courthouse? # 625: Uh wha- what do you call that I I I that's a uh my goodness alive. I I I don't I don't remember it. Don't know what that is, I can't Interviewer: You know old folks maybe get out there and 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 sit in the # 625: Place for recreation area it's a it's a {X} I don't know, I can't think about things anymore Interviewer: You call it the townsq- town uh 625: {X} uh uh uh town park? {X} Interviewer: #1 Park # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: or a squa- did you ever call it the public Okay you call it the park? 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Town # Interviewer: Okay. Um now if two streets cross like this like this and you started on the end of one street you know and you walked say you walked from from one street across through the other uh let's see if it's a vacant lot maybe uh we- uh say if if two streets cross and a man starts out at one corner of the streets and he walks across to the opposite corner of the streets you say he walks how? 625: Uh across the way street? Or intersection? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah you say the streets are like this and the man walks through 'em like that. Straight through the middle of 'em. 625: {X} walks across the street? Interviewer: Yeah but how would you say he walked across the street? Would you say catty maybe you say walked catty-corner to 625: Yeah. Uh well yeah catty-corner if he went across there yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: Alright. Now what'd you call those vehicles tho- those one that used to run from Biloxi and run all the way down to Gulf Port? You know, it had electric wire? Uh overhead. 625: Streetcars. Interviewer: Streetcar? Okay. Now you might tell a bus driver in the streetcar uh if you're riding it you say the next corner's where I want 625: Wanna get off. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh Gulf Port is uh uh Bis- of Harrison County, Gulf Port is the 625: The the county seat. Interviewer: Okay. 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Now # if you're an FBI agent you work for the 625: #1 feder- # Interviewer: #2 federal # 625: federal government. Interviewer: Okay. And the police in town are supposed to uphold law uh uphold 625: city law. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Up # hold the law of the city. Interviewer: Yeah they're supposed to the word order goes with it you're supposed to they're supposed to uphold la- 625: Law. Interviewer: Yeah and then what would you say wha- order you know kinda, what do they say? 625: Or- law and order? Interviewer: Okay. Now what do call the the war between uh the northern and the southern states? 625: #1 Ci- # Interviewer: #2 A # 625: Civil War. Interviewer: Okay. Now before they had an electric chair murderers were 625: Hung. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: You might say the man went out and 625: {X} and uh hung a man? Interviewer: #1 {D: They} # 625: #2 They # got hung? Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh what do you call that big state up there? Albany's the capital of it. The biggest city in the country is in is in where? 625: Is in uh New York? Interviewer: Okay. And Baltimore is in 625: Maryland. Interviewer: Okay. Now Richmond is the capital of 625: Virginia. Interviewer: And uh Raleigh is the capital of 625: South Carolina? Uh Interviewer: #1 No the one # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: north of that is It's a Carolina it's 625: North Carolina. Interviewer: Okay. Now um what's uh uh Sherman marched across what state? He marched through uh this state has Atlanta in it. What state is has Atlanta in it? 625: Uh Interviewer: Geo- It's it's two states across from here. 625: California? Interviewer: No Atlanta is in what state? 625: Oh Georgia. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Had to think of it. Interviewer: Now Tallahassee is the capital of the state uh th- goes down that peninsula down there. Near here. 625: Geo- Florida. Interviewer: Okay and George Wallace is the governor of 625: Alabama. Interviewer: Now Baton Rouge is the capital of 625: Louisiana. Interviewer: And the Bluegrass State is 625: I- Al- Alabama. Interviewer: No the one that's north of it north of it. Here. 625: Uh uh Tennessee? Interviewer: No 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 just # north of Tennessee K- the Bluegrass State? Ke- It starts with a K. 625: Kentucky? Interviewer: Okay. Now Little Rock is the capital of 625: Arkansas. Interviewer: Okay. That's good. And uh what's the capital of this state? 625: Uh Jackson. Interviewer: Okay. Now the two states to the directly to the west of us are first comes 625: Uh Louisiana. Interviewer: And the second one is? 625: Uh Tennessee? Interviewer: No we're the second one past Louisiana is Uh Texas? Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Now Tulsa is where? In what state? 625: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Okay. And Boston is in 625: Baltimore. Interviewer: No Boston 625: Maryland. Interviewer: No it starts with an M, that's close, it's up in Mass- 625: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: that's right} Interviewer: Now the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the of what? The New 625: New England states. Interviewer: Okay. now the biggest city in Maryland is what? It was that city you were talking about, Ba- 625: Boston. Interviewer: No Bal- 625: Baltimore. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: #1 And # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: and the capital of the U.S. is ? 625: Uh uh Washington, D.C. Interviewer: Alright. Now that big city in Missouri is uh called what? 625: St. Louis. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh 625: I landed there uh uh the second day going to Minnesota and coming back on the twenty-sixth I landed in St. Louis, Missouri. Interviewer: You did? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Hey. Now what's that big steel-making town in Alabama? 625: Uh uh it's in Birmingham. Interviewer: Okay. And the place where Al Capone used to run the rackets that's called it's in Illinois, it's called Ch- That big big western city. Chic- 625: Chicago. Interviewer: Okay. Now the capital of Alabama is Mo- 625: Montgomery. Interviewer: Okay. Now what's that one on the on the gulf here? The uh 625: The Interviewer: one on the gulf right next to us is no- it's past Pascagoula it's Mo- you ever 625: Mobile? Interviewer: Okay. Now what do you call that big body of water south of us there? 625: Uh uh the the Pacific. Interviewer: Yeah but it's the Gu- 625: Gulf. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 625: #2 {X} # Florida. South is the Gulf of Mexico. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call that big resort city in western North Carolina? You ever heard of that? 625: {X} Interviewer: #1 A- # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You ever heard of Asheville? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: What what's the name of that city? Can you pronounce it for me? North Ca- A- You ever heard of Asheville? 625: Yeah I believe I did uh {X} I I can't remember exactly but I guess that what it is Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now uh can you tell me some of the cities in Tennessee you know about? 625: Well Memphis, Nashville Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 and # uh Interviewer: What about Chatta- you ever 625: Chattanooga? Interviewer: Okay, you ever heard of Kno- 625: Knoxville. Interviewer: Alright. 625: Tennessee. Interviewer: Okay. Okay and Georgia uh you know any cities in Georgia? What about one by the sea there in Georgia? Sa- 625: Near Augusta. And uh Interviewer: You ever heard of Sa- Sava- 625: Savannah, Georgia? Interviewer: Yeah Ma- Maco- 625: Macon, Georgia. I've been through there, I've been through Interviewer: Colu- 625: Columbus. I've been through Columbus. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Georgia. Interviewer: Alright now on the Ohio River there are a couple of big cities, one is Cin- 625: Cincinnati. Interviewer: Okay and the other one is where they run the Kentucky Derby that's Lou- 625: Lou- Louisville. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh now one of the biggest Protestant the biggest Protestant church in the south is what? It's the Bap- 625: Baptist. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if two people become members of a church you'd say they just 625: Uh uh joined joined the church. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh in church we all pray to 625: God. Interviewer: Okay. And the preacher delivers preaches a a 625: Sermon. Interviewer: Okay. Now som- somebody might say I don't go to church to hear the sermon, I go to listen to the 625: The preacher. Interviewer: Or I don't 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 go to # hear the sermon, I go to listen to the what? The You might sing a hymn and you'd call that the The The mu- 625: Music? Music yeah. Interviewer: Okay. And you say that you might say that that service, that preacher sure preached a beau- 625: Beautiful sermon. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now if you had a flat tire you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one Sunday morning you might say church will be over 625: When we get uh uh tire changed and get to church. Interviewer: Time I get the tired changed, okay. Now the enemy and the opposite of God is called the 625: Uh the the uh the the idiot Interviewer: The who? 625: The idiots and uh Interviewer: No. uh The enemy and the opposite of God. D- 625: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Be called the # De- 625: The uh The Devil I guess. The: Okay. Did you ever have any other names for it? 625: Old Satan. The: Okay. Um now people at night, they might see things that'd frighten them something you'd say the what would you call them? You know white things maybe? 625: Oh th- they call them ghosts. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # Yeah. But there's no there's no so such thing as a ghost, you know? Interviewer: Oh really? 625: No there's no there's no such thing as that. Interviewer: You know there are a lotta folks from down around this area that that claim they get picked up by 'em or they 625: I know. But uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 {X} # I think a lot of them is in their head. {X} they believe in one of those things. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um you might say if you had a dream at night you say uh I can't remember what I 625: I I I I can't remember what I dreamed. I had a dream but I can't remember and th- and that's the truth too, I get to where I dream I can't {D: like that} Here lately I make some dreams I really don't don't remember 'em well. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. {D: I make something that I can't remember.} Interviewer: Okay. Now if there's a lonely house out in the dark you know or people think strange noises come from it at night you'd say the house was 625: Was haunted. Interviewer: Okay. Um you might say to somebody if you insist I'll do it but I'd I'd 625: I'd prefer not to. Interviewer: Or I'd ra- I 625: I'd rather not. Interviewer: Okay. Um Now what would you say to a friend that you hadn't seen him in a long time? 625: I'm sure glad to see you. It's been along time since I saw you. Interviewer: Okay. Or uh if somebody owned a lot of land uh uh you might say uh he he owns five-hundred acres of land you might say he owns a 625: A a a lo- a uh a lotta land. Interviewer: Okay did you ever did you ever say hear right smart or 625: {X} Interviewer: Some might say he owns a 625: Uh yeah, some people say he own right smart of land. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now if you wanted to say something more enthusiastically than yes you might say why 625: Why of course. Interviewer: Okay. Uh or 625: With joy. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you say to a to a uh you're introduced to a stranger, how would you meet him? You might say 625: I alw- I usually always says uh uh good to meet you. It's Interviewer: Okay. 625: Mighty glad to meet you. Interviewer: Okay. 625: #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 Now # 625: uh uh uh one of the best words to say uh always practice. Meeting in a a person, I think about the best thing you could tell a person, it's really good to meet you. Interviewer: Okay. And if you see an old friend and you're inquiring about their health you might say 625: How have you been doing? Interviewer: Okay. Now if if somebody had come to visit you and enjoyed you enjoyed their visit you might say come 625: Come back again, I really enjoyed having you. Interviewer: Okay. And if you saw what would you say to somebody if you met 'em on Christmas, you might 625: I'd Interviewer: You say to 'em 625: I'd first say I I I s- good morning. I wish you a merry Christmas. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. And then on the first of the year you'd say 625: Uh I'd s- same thing I say good good morning I w- I wish you a happy New Year. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now any way of anyway something you might say uh something you might say by way of appreciation besides thank you? You might say I'm much thank you, I'm much 625: You don't know how much I thank you for Interviewer: Alright 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 did you ever say # I'm much obli- 625: Much o- much obliged to you. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Yeah much obliged to you.{C: mumbles} Interviewer: Okay. Now um if you're not sure whether you're gonna have time to do something or not you might say well I'm not sure but I 625: I I'll try my best. Interviewer: Or I think or I s- sp- I What? 625: I think I'll probably be able to do it. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um you might say I gotta go downtown to do some do some what? 625: Some shopping. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you make a uh a purchase, the storekeeper takes a piece of paper and he 625: He he and he puts that thing down then total it up. Make a l- make a list of it. Interviewer: Yeah but if you're gonna give a gift to somebody the storekeeper takes a piece of paper and he 625: Oh he wraps it up good. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh when you get home with the package you might you might do what? 625: I might {NW} fix it up good and Interviewer: Okay and you'd give that to that person and he he what's he doing? He 'un- he 625: He uh open it up and see what's in it. Interviewer: Yeah. But in the to open it up you might say he unwra- 625: Unwrap it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Now if you had to sell something Mr Moran say at that Full River Grocery for less than you paid for it 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 you had # to sell something for for less than what you paid for wha- you say I had to sell it 625: At a reduced price. Interviewer: Or if it if 625: #1 Discounted. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: Or discounted. Interviewer: Okay. It cost you in other words you had to sell it for less than you 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 paid # 625: #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I had to sell it 625: Well for less than I paid for it. Interviewer: Or uh you might say um you were selling it 625: {NW} Interviewer: Below 625: Below cost. Interviewer: Okay. um now you might say uh I admire that or I- I'd like to buy that but I think it it just it's a little too 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 expensive # it it 625: A little too expensive. Interviewer: It uh it co- it what? 625: It cost too much. Interviewer: Okay. Now time to pay the bill {D: what is it} you say the bill comes bill is 625: It's due the first of the month? Interviewer: Okay. Now if you belong to a clu- club what do you have to pay? You have to pay your 625: Your dues. Monthly. Monthly dues. Interviewer: Alright. Now a banker might refuse a loan to somebody he'd say money is just uh these days money sure is 625: Ha- hard to get hold to. Borrow. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Or borrow. Interviewer: Money sure is scar- 625: sure is scarce Interviewer: Okay. Now uh you might say um what would you do if you wanted to get across a lake? You'd take you might run to the edge of the lake and you 625: You'd have to take a boat to go across it. Interviewer: Well if you didn't have a boat you'd say you had to run {X} you'd run to the ledge of the lake and you'd jump and 625: And and swim {C: telephone ringing} swim across. And s- and s- {NS} and swim a- {NS: telephone ringing} Interviewer: Well uh uh 625: {X} Interviewer: a little bit. {X} Hell I don't know any Fr- you know French? 625: Sure uh {D: studied} French all my life uh she asked me uh uh sh- she asked me I was {D: young I said ah and she had me to} She asked me did it rain the other day, I said "no" I says I g- I told her I had to come there, called her right back. She said alright. Interviewer: Okay. Um alright. Now uh if a boy say puts his his head between his legs and jumps off the ground you say he turns a he does a what? He 625: Tu- a tumbleset. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay now you did you ever have uh something you might pay your bill yo- you when somebody paid their bill on time some storekeepers might give 'em a a present? What'd they call that? 625: Uh Interviewer: If you pay your bill on time some storekeepers might might give you a little present for paying it on time. 625: Yeah uh what uh well they Interviewer: They call it a lagniappe 625: Oh oh lagniappe yeah. Interviewer: Yeah? 625: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 625: I I had forgot that been so long since I heard that word forgot about it. Interviewer: Okay. Now talking about swimming you'd say the children liked to 625: Liked to swim. Interviewer: And uh in the big creek I have often times I have 625: Swim in the creek. Interviewer: Myself. #1 {X} # 625: #2 Myself. # Interviewer: #1 # 625: #2 # Interviewer: Alright. Uh you might say somebody wanted to get across the river so they they did what? They 625: They swim across. Interviewer: Okay. Um now speaking of diving in you might say he ran down the springboard and he 625: Dived in the water? Interviewer: Dived in the water and lots of boys like to like to 625: Like to dive off of Interviewer: #1 Off of that # 625: #2 springboard. # Interviewer: board. 625: A springboard they call it. Interviewer: I've seen nine or ten of 'em 625: Going right after the other Interviewer: #1 dive # 625: #2 just # Interviewer: They like to dive in okay. 625: I've seen 'em climb about thirty foot up in the tree and and uh and dive uh down in there. {D: Cold} Interviewer: Yeah. 625: #1 Twenty feet # Interviewer: #2 Um # Interviewer: If somebody got caught in a whirlpool maybe and they didn't get out you'd say what would happen to 'em? They'd get 625: {D: They} Interviewer: They got what? 625: They they got caught in the whirlpool. Interviewer: {X} 625: They it's hard for 'em to get out of it. Interviewer: Yeah if he didn't get out he just ca- he went down for the third time you'd say he he got 625: Drownded. Interviewer: Okay. Now what does a baby do before it's able to walk? How does it get along the floor? It just 625: Uh it has to crawl around a little bit, when they get down to where they can Interviewer: Okay. Now you might see something up a tree, if you want to take a closer look at it you'd go up to the tree and you'd you'd 625: Cli- climb up o- climb up a {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now um you might say last last week I saw I saw a coon up that tree and I I 625: I climbed up. Interviewer: Climb up to get it? 625: {X} Interviewer: you say but uh that big old tree over there, I've never never in my I've never in my life have I 625: Been able to been able to pull up. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now um when you walk up to the alter you what do you do? You 625: They generally hold hands together Interviewer: #1 Before you # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: walk up to the altar you say she walked up to the altar and she she what? She walked to the altar and to pray and she 625: Kneeled down? Interviewer: Okay, she kneeled down to pray. Okay. Um if you're feeling tired you might go into your room and you say I'm gonna 625: Relax. Lay down lay down and Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 relax # Interviewer: Okay. Now um you might say somebody if somebody was sick that all morning he'd just he stayed his bed or he 625: been uh in bed all morning Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Stayed # sick. Interviewer: He lay he just 625: Laid in bed all day. Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Now talking about something in your sleep you you you saw in your sleep and you say this is what I 625: This is what I dreamed? Interviewer: Okay. Often when I go to sleep I dream but I can- when I wake up I can't remember what I'd 625: Uh Interviewer: What I dreamed. 625: Often I I s- I'll dream and after I wake up I can't remember what I dreamed. Interviewer: Okay. You might say I dreamed that I was falling but just before I hit the ground I 625: I woke up. Interviewer: Alright. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Now if you bring your foot down real heavy on the floor like this you'd say you were doing what? You were 625: Knocking on the floor. Interviewer: #1 Yeah or # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: s- 625: #1 {D: you want} # Interviewer: #2 you we- # 625: stomping hard on the floor. Interviewer: Okay. 625: I'll Interviewer: #1 {X} # 625: #2 tell # you what I dreamed. I used to dream but I haven't dreamed in a long time. I dreamed that I'd be out on top of the house trees all around and thought to myself, how in the world am I going to get down? And then this I talked to myself oh yeah I just fly down, I'd get down and I'd fly I'd fly over the people like that and I'd holler and then uh boy that's the easiest sailing thing I ever had in my life. And I'd holler and they'd be looking at me and I'd just fly all over around there. The best feeling I ever had in my life, I had. Been a y- long long time since I dreamed that. Interviewer: Really? 625: Yeah. I'd I Interviewer: #1 That's a # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: beautiful feeling to feel like you're flying, isn't it? 625: I'd I'd realize I was on top of the house talking to myself. How did I get here? And I'd just {D: tuck off and leave} I'd tell you i- if that's the {NW} best feeling in dreaming you'll ever have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It is kinda quite a feeling. 625: Did you ever dream that? {NW} Interviewer: I used to dream that I flew, yeah. 625: You did? Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Oh Lord, that's that's a good feeling. Interviewer: Okay. Now to get a boat up on land you'd take a hold of a rope and you you 625: Pull it up. Interviewer: Okay and 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 then # to get it back out in the water you'd take it 625: You'd push it out. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a man meets a girl at a dance and he wants to go home with her he says may I 625: May I take you home? Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh if you carried something a long way you say man I really I just I 625: Just give out, my shoulders giving out. Interviewer: Okay but did did you ever have a one other word for you say I lugged it or I 625: {X} {X} Oh yeah you Interviewer: #1 Put that # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: bag on my shoulder 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 and I # 625: I lugged it all the way. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now if the chi- if a child's getting near a hot stove you might say to her you might say that stove is very hot so 625: Stay away from it. Interviewer: Okay or uh speaking you didn't want him to touch it you say didn't want 'em to touch the stove you might say 625: Don't put your hand on that, don't touch it's hot. Interviewer: {NW} Alright. 625: Speaking about that uh uh carrying something a long way remind me of a fellow one ti- {D: in high school} went to s- store w- store over there he had a quarter of a hog, you know? And uh he brought it there and he put it down says uh you {X} says that's heavy. He says uh what you talking about heavy? Didn't weigh but forty-five pounds. He said yeah but it wasn't heavy when I left home, he said you let it stay on there for a while. Wouldn't last me when I g- left home with it I {X} {D: still that's still bother way more} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 625: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. Now if you needed a hammer you might say to somebody 625: Well uh uh do you know where my hammer is? Or go get me a hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Or go br- go did you ever say if you knew if you knew where it was you say you say to somebody you'd say to a kid {D: you're} sitting out there run 625: Ru- run and get my hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh now at the end of a football field what do you call those big uh things that would stand up at the end of a field? You call them the what? The 625: The goal. Goal. Interviewer: Okay. You might go out wi- and uh take a ball and you'd throw the ball and you'd ask somebody to 625: Catch it. Interviewer: Okay. You might say I threw the ball and he 625: Uh and he caught it. Interviewer: Alright. I ha- I'd been fishing for trout but I haven't 625: I haven't caught any. Interviewer: Alright. Now if you and I go to town and uh i- you might I might say if I get there first I'll 625: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: Okay. Um now say you talking uh you punish a child or or you punish somebody that's working underneath you he comes up to you and says I'll be good if you'll just give me give me another 625: Ano- another two minutes to Interviewer: Yeah okay, just give me one more 625: Chance. Interviewer: Okay. 625: One more chance. Interviewer: If a man's in a very good mood you say he's in a good good somebody's got a smile on his face, he's in a pleasant 625: He's he's a pleasant condition. Interviewer: Okay. Humor or 625: Good humor. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Good humor. Interviewer: Now if you got a hired man who keeps on loafing and everything you might say to a friend of your's you say I think I'm gonna get 625: I'm gonna get rid of him. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now somebody might might not know what was going on but he he didn't know what was going on but he what? He acted 625: Acted like he did. Interviewer: He acted like he did, okay. Um if somebody stole your pencil you might say he what? He uh did you ever have a name for it? 625: #1 He # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 slang # name? 625: He swiped my pencil. Interviewer: Swiped my pencil, okay. Uh um you might say to somebody uh well you sure got a better memory than I do because I just I sure 625: Sure can't remember that. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay you sat down with a pencil and paper and you might get a letter and you might you say I just I wr- I what? I I 625: I j- Interviewer: I got 625: #1 {D: it just} # Interviewer: #2 piece of # paper and I 625: #1 Just # Interviewer: #2 I # 625: wrote a letter. Interviewer: Okay I just wrote him a letter. Yesterday he he wrote me a letter and tomorrow I'll 625: {D: I ran to} I'll write him a letter. Interviewer: Okay. And uh on the envelope you put you put the guy's 625: #1 na- # Interviewer: #2 what? # 625: uh his name and address. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Post office. Interviewer: You say I want to write to somebody. Do you know his 625: Uh his name and address? Interviewer: Okay. Um now if a little boy learns something new say maybe he learned how to whistle and you didn't you didn't kno- know where he learned it you'd say who who uh who 625: who who who learned you how to do that? Interviewer: Okay. Um if you're if you're thinking about doing something or you're intending to do something you might say somebody might say when you going to uh to the Kiln? You might say well right now we're we're what? We're 625: We're uh uh doing something. We're busy, we can't go right Interviewer: Yeah but you might say you'd made you'd made plans to go to the Kiln you y- you might say well uh um right now we're we're what? We're somebody might ask you when you're when you're going somewhere, you say well I'm not going uh now but uh I 625: {NW} I I to I have to go later. Interviewer: Okay or I'm I intend to or I 625: I intend to or I plan on Interviewer: O- 625: #1 going later. # Interviewer: #2 -kay. # Plan on going later, okay. Now what would you call a little kid who who used to tell on people all the time? He was called a 625: Tattle-tale. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. If you wanted a bouquet for the dinner table you might uh you might go out in the garden and and what would you do? You'd 625: Cut some flowers and lay 'em put 'em in the uh vase put a little water in Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: You'd you'd pick 'em or you'd okay. Uh what would you call something a child might play with? 625: Well uh a ball for one thing. Interviewer: #1 Yeah but # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: something you know just any any little thing he might play with a 625: Toys. Interviewer: Toys okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: If something was gonna happen and you thought you just you were afraid something was going to happen and uh it finally happened you might say well I you might say 625: I Interviewer: What? 625: I I I was afraid that was gonna happen. Interviewer: Okay, I just 625: Just thought thought it would. Interviewer: Okay I 625: I Interviewer: Or I just 625: Knew it was gonna happen. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um {NS} um {D: tapping on microphone} now you might say to somebody uh what time does the show 625: Gonna be tonight? Interviewer: Yeah what time does the show 625: {D: Start} gonna take place uh s- Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 start # tonight. Interviewer: Okay. You know what time say uh and and somebody might say oh it it ten or fifteen minutes ago it 625: {X} it al- started a- it already started. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. What what about be you know something uh begi- would you say what time does the show b- 625: Uh what is the time the show begin? Interviewer: Okay. And he says it it it started it must've it must've 625: Started at Interviewer: Or it must've beg- 625: Been nearly over. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now somebody might ask you, why are so out of breath? And you say I was feeling so happy I r- all the way home I 625: I I I w- I w- walked so fast. {D: Tell me} Interviewer: Yeah or if you if you walked if you did more than walk fast you 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 say you # 625: Run. Interviewer: You- 625: Yeah. I I run home. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Run all the way home. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh you might say two people are are always mad at each other whenever they get together every time they meet they just they always 625: {X} Interviewer: A- 625: {X} fighting? Interviewer: Okay, they're always 625: They wanna fight. Interviewer: Okay. {D: tapping on microphone} 625: Or getting in fights. {NS} Interviewer: They they ever since they were small they 625: Fight every time they'd meet. Okay. Now uh somebody uh if somebody got mad real mad at somebody they'd pull out a big knife and they'd Uh {NW} {D: stack} at 'em. Cut 'em. Interviewer: Okay. You might say he he got a big knife and he s- 625: Stab him. Interviewer: He stabbed him with it? Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Now uh {X} somebody might come in the room uh the teacher might come in to look at the blackboard and see a funny name or a picture on the blackboard she'd say who 625: Who wrote this on the blackboard? Interviewer: Or who dr- 625: #1 Who # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 625: drew this picture? Interviewer: Okay. Okay now if you're gonna lift something from uh uh from the top of the barn you might get a a block and tackle and you'd what? You'd 625: You'd pull on the {X} pull on the chain, it'd pull it up. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 It would # {D: har- harness} hoist it up. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh now if you lived in town all your life and somebody asks you have you lived here long? You might say why I 625: I I've lived here all my life. Interviewer: Or I've a- You ever say al- 625: I've always lived here. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now you might give your wife a you might give somebody a bracelet and you'd say why don't you 625: Why don't you wear it wear it? {X} Interviewer: Why don't you you know she's you asked her to if you wouldn't ask her to take it off you'd say why don't you 625: Put it on. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Now somebody might say to you can you do that and you would say why sure I 625: I've I've done it before I know how to do it. Interviewer: Uh my sister my sister she 625: Sh- she knows how to do it too. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um now uh couple more questions here. Um let's see now the number after twenty-nine is 625: Thirty. Interviewer: And the number after thirty-nine is 625: Forty. Interviewer: And the number after after sixty-nine is 625: Seventy. Interviewer: Number after ninety-nine is 625: be a hundred. Interviewer: Number after nine-hundred-and-ninety-nine is 625: A thousand. Interviewer: And ten times a hundred-thousand is 625: A a million. Interviewer: Okay. Now if there are a line of men standing uh the the man at the front of the line you say he's the 625: He's the headman. Interviewer: Or the 625: Or the leader. Interviewer: Okay you say if you're speaking of the men in line you'd say he's the 625: He's the first man. Interviewer: Okay and the man after him is the 625: Second. Interviewer: Then comes the 625: Third. Interviewer: And then the 625: Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth, tenth. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Oh. Interviewer: Um sometimes you'd feel your good luck comes a little at a time but your bad luck comes your bad luck 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 just comes # 625: {X} hard when they come. Interviewer: Yeah it just comes 625: All at once. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you say something more than once you would be saying it 625: Twice or more. Interviewer: Okay. Okay can you can you say the days of the week for me? 625: I believe I can Interviewer: Okay. 625: Uh uh Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday S- Sunday Interviewer: Okay. Now what do you call the what does sabbath mean? 625: Sunday. Must keep holy the remembering what's {D: beautiful} {X} Interviewer: Yes. 625: Su- uh holy uh Sunday the Interviewer: You must keep the what? The s- 625: Uh s- Sunday uh uh holy sabbath day. Interviewer: Okay. Now 625: Sabbath day holy I mean. Interviewer: Okay. Can you can you say the months of the year for me? 625: Oh I believe I can. Interviewer: {NW} 625: I said 'em a few times in my life. Interviewer: Alright. 625: January February March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: Okay. Now what do you call the part of the day before noon? 625: Uh m- mo- morning. Interviewer: Okay. And the the part of the day after noon is called the 625: {NW} the evening or afternoon. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now if you get up before the sun comes up to start work you say you start work at 625: {NW} a- at at at daylight. Before the sunse- before sun up. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say what time did the sun rise this morning? You say the sun At six oh clock the sun 625: Rise. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Say the # sun sun rise at six oh clock. Interviewer: Okay. Uh we were a little late this morning, we got out in the field and the sun had already 625: Come out? Interviewer: #1 Sun had already # 625: #2 Shi- shine # uh shining. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you worked until the sun went out of sight you'd say you worked until 625: {D: Uh} sun went down. Interviewer: Okay or s- or #1 what? # 625: #2 {X} # {D: w- went went uh} got dark? Interviewer: Okay. You'd call that sun what? Sun- 625: Sunset. Interviewer: Okay. Now today is Sunday so Saturday was 625: The day before Sunday. Interviewer: Which was 625: Yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. Now if somebody came today is Sunday if somebody came say not last Sunday but Sunday the Sunday before that you'd say he came the Sunday 625: Two weeks. Interviewer: Okay. You say he came here Sunday what? Not last Sunday but Sunday 625: Sunday a week Interviewer: Okay. 625: a week ago. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if somebody came on the first and stayed until about the fifteenth you'd say he stayed what? 625: A half a month? Or fifteen days. Interviewer: Okay, did you ever call that a fortnight? Did you ever hear it called a fortnight? 625: No. Interviewer: Alright. If today is Sunday then Monday will be 625: The next day. Interviewer: Or to- did you ever say 625: The following day. Interviewer: Or t- 625: Or tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay. Now um what do you look at uh what do you look at on your on your wrist? You look at your 625: Watch. See what ti- time of day. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you asked wanna know what time of day was you might ask somebody 625: What what time do you have? Interviewer: Okay. Um now midway between seven oh clock and eight oh clock is 625: Is uh half uh uh half past seven. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's ten forty-five you'd say it's 625: Uh uh quarter to eleven. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you've been doing something for quite some time you might say I've been doing this 625: For a long time. Interviewer: Okay. Or for quite 625: Quite a quite some time. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say the farmers got a pretty good crop last year but they're not gonna have such a good one 625: This year. Interviewer: Okay. If something happened on this day this day last year you'd say it happened exactly 625: A year ago today. Interviewer: Okay. Now you look up in the in the sky and if it's a bad day you say you see a bunch of 625: Uh clouds. Interviewer: Okay. 625: In the sky. Interviewer: What would you call it in a day when it was real nice and the sun was shining? 625: A bright day. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a nice day 625: #1 nice # Interviewer: #2 or # 625: nice beautiful weather. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever say it's # fi- 625: Fine day. Interviewer: Okay. And on the opposite kind of day when it was all overcast you'd say it was just a 625: Cloudy and bad weather bad-looking weather. Interviewer: Okay. A gloomy day or? 625: Yeah. Gloomy bad day. Interviewer: Okay. Now if the w- if it's been fair for some time and the clouds come and you expect you know as the weather's starting to cha- uh change you say the weather is is what? It's 625: It's cha- it's it's changing. Interviewer: Okay. 625: Weather's changing. Interviewer: Okay. But if it's been cloudy and uh and the clouds pull away and the sun comes out and you say it's 625: Clearing up Interviewer: It's fair enough. 625: {D: that's a} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 {X} # gonna have nice weather. Interviewer: Now what would you call a real heavy rain that lasts only a short time? 625: Uh a just a l- uh uh a a hard rain {X} {D: where it starts} just on a short while. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever call it a just a 625: Downpour. Interviewer: Okay, downpour? 625: Downpour. Interviewer: #1 Now if it had # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: thunder and lightning with it you'd say it was a 625: Real hard rain. Interviewer: Thunder and lightning though 625: {X} it's thunder and lightning and and just a downpour. {X} Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: good rain} Interviewer: Did you ever call it when it had thunder and lightning with it what'd you call it? A when it had thunder and lighting with it. 625: S- s- stormy weather. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you call it a s- uh a storm? 625: Storm a it's thunder and uh thu- thunder and lightning and raining. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever get any bad winds around here? 625: Oh yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. You might say yesterday the wind 625: {D: Was} it was blowing hard? Interviewer: Okay. 625: {D: Yeah.} Interviewer: Uh the that wind was bad but it is it is even in recent years it's it's even 625: Even been worse, we've had more wind through here {X} two-hundred-and-ten miles an hour. Interviewer: You mean the wind the wind blew the wind it it what it? 625: In sixty-nine uh the hurricane coming outta uh outta the Gulf uh the wind went here {D: reached it} two-hundred-and-ten miles an hour. Interviewer: Is that so? 625: That's that's a fact, you can put put that on that record. Interviewer: Did you lose your any any possessions or anything from that? 625: Well uh I had a a when I moved from uh Hancock County over there, I had forty-nine {D: band} pecan trees. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And and every one of 'em was down and uh the w- the wind was coming from the south but they had uh they had tornadoes in that and and every one of those trees blowed down and they headed straight south. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And I lo- uh every one of my pecan trees broke down. Interviewer: Huh. 625: {D: And the some of 'em joined uh} close by there the- there was an {X} barn there big smoke something calls it but they the the register here to pay for it uh st- uh uh the {D: red civway} said the wind was blowing two-hundred-and-ten miles an hour. {X} Worst wind we ever had here. Interviewer: {NW} Wow. that's that's really bad. 625: They put a uh they put a big old steel barge up there on the front uh street and {D: the preacher done base and} {D: Gulfport} here. Interviewer: Huh? Really? 625: They had to bu- they had to build a sand uh big old sand uh hill around it all around it to to to s- to s- s- {X} send it back in the ocean. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: Yeah. {X} nowhere they could move it. Interviewer: Good grief. 625: {D: I didn't} tell uh hauling all the sand bag all around it and {D: they} done everything, they put water in it and flowed it out there. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if if somebody if you if you heard- if you if you thought you you something went on over there you thought you a noise was going on you might say you might ask me did you did you 625: Did you hear that racket out? Interviewer: Okay. And I'd say yes I yes I I might say yes 625: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 I # 625: Yeah I heard it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now speaking of uh your troubles you might say well if if you if you had some troubles you were telling me about uh you might say well I my troubles too I I 625: Tro- I I had trouble too but I don't know if you can help me with 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Now if a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color she might take along a little square piece of cloth to use as a 625: Sample just like she wants to use Interviewer: Okay. If she sees something she likes a real lot she might say why that's a very 625: Unusual? Interviewer: Or very that's a I really like that dress it's really 625: Really beautiful. Interviewer: Really pr- 625: Pretty. Interviewer: Okay. What might a woman wear in a in the kitchen around her? Uh around her dress? 625: An apron. Interviewer: Okay. And to sign your name in ink you use a 625: Ballpoint pen now. Interviewer: Okay. To hold a baby's diaper you use a a a what? A A safety 625: Safety pin, now they have little clip they put on 'em you know? Something they put on it but they usually uh still use some of 'em use pins you know? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 Safety # pin. Interviewer: Um now a dime is worth is worth what? It's worth 625: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh uh let's see a cup you use to drink from in a pump or a well it was it was made out of what? What metal? It might be made outta 625: Ti- uh tin. And {X} uh I have seen 'em made outta gourd {X} with a handle and they scrape 'em out go- good and clean and then they'd use that for drink from {D: a round bucket} Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh you might say that boy is spoiled, when he grows up he'll have his trouble or he's 625: He'll he'll ha- he'll be in trouble all his life. Interviewer: Or he's he'll have trouble like like {D: he's not} or say he'll have trouble 625: He he'll he'll get he'll he don't change, he'll get in bad trouble. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh what would you s- what would you when you get rid of all the brush or the trees on a land you might say you did what? You 625: Cleared the land? Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you call the second cutting of clover or grass? The old dead grass that's left on the top maybe. 625: Well uh you you generally have cut hays and second or third time you you clip it you y- cut it the second third time. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um did you have what about a crop that hasn't come up? I mean you didn't plant it that year, it just came up. What would you call that? 625: Well that'd be uh uh uh {X} some of it would would be uh ha- hay or Interviewer: Did you ever call it a 625: #1 wheat. # Interviewer: #2 vol- # Yeah did you ever call it volunteer? 625: A volunteer weed a uh something Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now wheat is tied up into a a what? You ever know what wheat was tied up into? 625: Wheat uh in bundles. Interviewer: Okay. And the bundles {D: or a sheath} they're piled up into a what? 625: {X} A bundle of what? Interviewer: A bundle or a sheath is piled up into a a what? A 625: I don't know a Interviewer: Okay. 625: bundle uh uh A {X} Interviewer: Okay. 625: {X} Interviewer: You speak uh when you speak of how much wheat you raised to an acre you say we raised forty 625: Forty bushels to the acre. Interviewer: Okay good. Now what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? You have to 625: {X} does it a a a {D: corn binder} up before they cut it you know? Interviewer: What does it do? It it it {X} it 625: It it there's a thing that roll and it comes out and it takes all them seeds and uh and hits it uh on a conveyor there that takes it in the back and then it takes it all the way and put it in a in a in a truck come in behind. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And Interviewer: A- and you say it's doing what? It r- it's you say it gro- uh 625: It it's it's uh made uh thing that {X} made on a big roller and it it uh when it rolls like that it hits the uh it just knocks that and there's something under it. Under there that when it hits it and knock them seeds from it it falls in the on the on the conveyor there and that thing keeps throwing 'em in there, rolling it and bring it to a truck in the back. Interviewer: Yeah. 625: And then they get that truck loaded, they unhook it and they hook another one and someone take that and then bring it to to to put it in the {X} {D: bins} {X} Interviewer: So to separate the do you have to thrash it you say? You say oats? 625: Yeah. Interviewer: Oats? 625: They they they thrash it with a a {D: combine} they call it. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now if you and another man have a job to do when you told him about it you'd say you and 625: You and I? Interviewer: You and I got this job 625: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 to do and # 625: {D: just} {D: do it} Interviewer: And you say this job is for it's for 625: For us to complete. Interviewer: It's for it's for both it's for what? For 625: {X} Interviewer: All two of us? Or both of us? 625: For both of us to to Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 625: #2 complete. # Interviewer: Alright. Now uh comparing how tall you are you might say he's not as tall as 625: As I am. Interviewer: Okay. But uh then now you say I'm not as tall a- I'm not as as 625: Tall as you are. Interviewer: As 625: As he #1 {D: is} # Interviewer: #2 Or # Okay as he is okay. Now comparing how you might do something you might say he can do it better than 625: I c- than I can. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. If something belongs to me you say it's 625: It b- it belongs to you. Interviewer: Okay. If it belongs to both of us you say it 625: Uh uh it it belongs to both of us. Interviewer: #1 You say it's # 625: #2 Or it's ours. # Interviewer: Okay. 625: It's ours. Interviewer: If it belongs to them you say 625: It belongs to them. Interviewer: Okay it's 625: It's their it's their's. Interviewer: Okay, if it belongs to him you say 625: It belongs to him. It's his. Interviewer: And if it belongs to her you say 625: It's her's. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh people come to visit you and they're about to leave, you might say now blank come back now or 625: Well Interviewer: You're speaking of you're speaking to all of them you might say 625: {X} y'all come back s- and see me again. Interviewer: Okay alright. Now uh um if somebody's at a p- you've been at a party and it's starting to leave you you might ask about where your hat is you might say where all your hats are, you'd say where are 625: My ha- where's my hat? Interviewer: Okay. Um asking about the people at the party you're asking somebody about a party, maybe you weren't there you might say uh {X} uh blank was there? Or 625: Who who was there? Interviewer: Or okay. 625: Who all was there? Interviewer: Okay. Now if you're asking about a speaker's remarks you might say blank did he say? Or 625: What did he say? Or did they have to talk about? Interviewer: Okay. Now if nobody else will do something you'd say he has nobody else will look out for him you say he has to look out 625: #1 uh for # Interviewer: #2 for him- # 625: himself. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um you might say uh if somebody gave you a book you might say that's the book you 625: You asked me for. Interviewer: No. You might say 625: {X} Interviewer: if somebody 625: uh that's the book you wanted wanted to give to me? Interviewer: No. Somebody g- uh a present was sent to you you might say and they came over to your house later on you might say that's the book you you 625: You gave me? Interviewer: Okay. And you might say I'll when I finish with it I'll 625: Give it back to you. Interviewer: Okay, because you have so often before you have 625: #1 You # Interviewer: #2 you # 625: uh you been nice to me and let me have a book to read. Interviewer: Yeah and here other there are many other books that you have 625: Uh let me read. Interviewer: Or 625: Uh uh Interviewer: y- 625: uh use le- loaned to me to read? Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he 625: W- whe- where do you come from? Where were you born? Interviewer: Okay. And uh somebody might say well last night he it on the train he he last he {D: why didn't} he get on the train last night? He 625: He went to sleep? Interviewer: No. Speaking of you you might ask him where he comes from you say last night he blank on the train. He 625: He uh he he told me w- train where he's from? Interviewer: No. You'd say maybe he what? Speaking of how where a person comes from you say he 625: He can- he told me where he came from? Interviewer: Yeah he came in on the train okay. 625: Came on the train. Interviewer: Okay um now speaking of of uh whether where you know seeing people you might say uh uh I a few minutes ago I s- 625: I saw some Interviewer: I saw her outside okay. And you say I hope to 625: To see 'em again. Interviewer: Okay we we s- this year we this year we 625: We Interviewer: we 625: w- have been together Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 625: #2 quite a # bit. Interviewer: Um we saw you a lot last year and this year we 625: Oh this year we didn't see you too much. Interviewer: Okay. We okay. If you can't get through there the highway department's got their machines in and the roads all 625: Tore up, you had a detour. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um if it wasn't an accident then you might say he did it 625: Accidentally? Interviewer: if he didn't do it accidentally he did it 625: Yeah purposely. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Interviewer: {NS} Things first um {NS} first of all your name? {NS} 647: My name {NS} {C: lawnmower running throughout beginning} Alexandrine {B} {NS} you can just put ms Richards {B} if you want. {NS} Interviewer: How do you spell your first name? {NS} 647: oh lemme see, A-L-E-X {NS} Wait make a guess cuz I don't know how to read no {X} {NS} A {NS} L {NS} E {NS} X {NS} A {NS} N {NS} D {NS} R {NS} I {NS} N {NS} E {NS} {B} Interviewer: And your address? 647: {NS} box uh {B} {NS} box what box {NS} Boxin- {B} {NS} Interviewer: And the name of this community? {NS} 647: Boothville. {NS} Its on the route and I gotta put a route {B} here. {NS} Interviewer: And the name of this parish? 647: {NS} Plaquemines Parish. {NS} Interviewer: And the state? {NS} 647: The state? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Well the United States huh? {NS} Interviewer: But {NS} it's Boothville {NS} 647: That's all know it Boothville. Interviewer: {NS} mm-kay {NS} Where were you born? {NS} 647: Homeplace. {NS} Interviewer: Homeplace? 647: {NS} mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: That's just up this road isn't it? {NS} 647: Yeah up the road a bit back. {NS} {NS} Interviewer: And your age? 647: {NS} Seventy-Seven {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} Tell me about the work that you've done? 647: {NS} The work I done? Interviewer: Yeah what sort of work you've done. 647: {NS} I work for myself in the garden picking bean hoeing {NS} planting beans {NS} I work for myself. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Have you ever worked? {NS} 647: Out? {NS} Interviewer: Out? 647: Oh when I was a little girl and I was about fourteen #1 fifteen. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 647: {NS} A nurse {NS} minding children. {NS} Interviewer: You were a? {NS} 647: Minding children yeah when I was a little girl. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm {NS} Interviewer: And your religion? {NS} 647: Baptist. {NS} Interviewer: Tell me about your education if you got a chance to go to school what 647: {NW} No when we come up they didn't have no school for colored people {NS} No school at all whatever. {NS} They had one white school house up here {NS} it was on this side of the river. {NS} And we didn't go to we didn't have no school to go to my mother paid {NS} for my brother and thing to learn to go to school. {NS} Well me and my oldest sister my {X} {C: name} just stayed here. {NS} Well we didn't get no school which after they got married they went to school but me I didn't. {NS} I didn't go. {NS} Then you said no school for colored after I got married you ain't got no school for colored people down here. {NS} I lived on the other side of the river {NS} and uh {NS} my father in law used to ran run run for school {NS} until he got to school and they used to have school in the church except they couldn't find no teacher. {NS} So I don't reckon know the Rileys in the in the sunrise? {NS} {C: mower stops} Interviewer: huh? {NS} 647: The Rileys do you know the Rileys Julia Riley and them? {NS} Interviewer: I don't think 647: You don't know her name? {NS} Well his he uh her brother {NS} had a little education he wasn't no graduate but he had a good learn but he had graduated after he went to school. {NS} And my father I told him well was he knewed enough to teach the children. {NS} So that's where um {NS} that's where they opened school in the in the church. {NS} Then I had to go I had to give things to get our own school house we had to give {NS} prayers and thing and pick up our own money to buy a school house. {NS} And they broke the white school house on this side do you see where they got that school there now? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They had a school house there and they built that school house and they sold that school house. {NS} And they got together and got the money and they bought that school house and broke it down and brought it across the river and they built it up theyself. {NS} They didn't give us no school. {NS} Not one bit of school. {NS} They used to pic- give the white school and pay 'em to go to school but they didn't give the black people no school but they got {NS}{NS} they got their learning in a ways. {NS} Cuz my da- my husband my da- husband's daddy {NS} used to go about and judge the lesson {NS} If I would ha- if the if {X}{C: name} wouldn't have took all those um {NS} Who is it? Interviewer: It's the boy. {NS} 647: What's the matter you can't start it no more eh? Aux: I finished. {NS} 647: You fin- {NS} You didn't go back of the house there {NS} by my peach tree. Aux: {X} 647: Alright grab my own lawn mower there by the peach tree too. {NS} You can't start it no more I don't guess Aux: Oh right over there? 647: mm-hmm Aux: I caught that. 647: You caught that over by my peach tree and that rain tree? {NS} You caught them clovers right on the other side there? {NS} Aux: {D: Where?} {NS} By um- 647: Halfway yeah you caught it? {NS} Go catch them clovers and all around my flower around my {NS} all around my flower there let me see. {NS} I don't like the boy. {NS} Interviewer: Ha {NS} 647: Who is th- the young children some are lazy. {NS} My children was not lazy like that. {NS} Interviewer: Is that your gran- {NS} 647: uh-huh great-grandson. {NS} mm-hmm {NS} I got great great-grandchildren. Interviewer: Gosh. {NS} um {NS} You said you lived on the other side of the river? {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: How many times did you move around out here? {NS} Oh nah I didn't move around. {NS} 647: You see they caught they call that the spillway. {C: mower restarts} {NS} You had to move for spillway they don't have to make a spillway. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: But they ain't never did make no spillway. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And that's why we bought over here. {NS} Interviewer: So you you lived in Homeplace #1 did you- # 647: #2 No no # when I was smaller I even don't remember when my mother stood there. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I even don't don't don't remember it mm-mm. {NS} Interviewer: Where {NS} 647: {D: Then we mov- well I was raised down in Nailor.} {NS} Interviewer: In where? 647: {D: Nailor.} {NS} Interviewer: Where's- 647: {D: A place they called Nailor you know down by H. Cumin and that?} {NS} Interviewer: No. {NS} 647: Right above that the lumber yard. {NS} Well were you from down here? Interviewer: No I'm not from down here. 647: You're not from down here? Interviewer: I'm from Atlanta. {NS} 647: Oh {NS} Interviewer: Is that in this parish? {NS} 647: Huh? Interviewer: Is that- {X} that's in this parish? 647: Yeah mm-hmm. {NS} {D: They call it they don't call it Nailor no more.} They call it Port Sulphur everything go i- {NS} everything it Port Sulphur now you know. Interviewer: Uh- what? 647: {D: No more Nailor Port Sulphur.} {NS} Hey there! {C: child shouts} {NS} Aux2: {X} 647: You can shut the door yeah. Aux2: What do you want shut? {NS} 647: I don't know I just had it shut me. Aux2: Where you going you don't want to lose that {X} {NS} 647: Who lawn mowing? Aux2: Oh but he's still mowing. 647: Yeah I got him mowing my lawn. Aux2: Yeah I know well you coming up this way {NS} march him if you have to. {C: child noise} I told her I told my sister no. 647: Huh? {NS} Interviewer: You were telling me about where you had the the different places you had been. {NS} That you lived in around Port Sulphur? 647: uh-uh {NS} Across the river they call it Point Pleasant {NS} on the other side of the river. {NS} Interviewer: Point Pleasant? {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} That's the only place I lived down here {NS} where I growed up. Interviewer: #1 Did you tell me outside # 647: #2 no mm-hmm # Interviewer: you went up to New- 647: Hmm? Interviewer: Did you ever live out-outside of this area? 647: No {NS} A long time ago I tell you before the spillway I stood across the river. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about New Orleans? {NS} Didn't you say you- 647: Oh yeah I stood on the but only two years and three months I believe. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Before I got married I got married and I left New Orleans. {NS} Interviewer: Have you ever been in any clubs or been very active in #1 church # 647: #2 Nope. # {NS} mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: Um tell me about your parents where they were born. {NS} 647: Oh mama was born in up there in Port Sulphur they used to call it Little Texas. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: But now it's Port Sulphur. {NS} Aux2: {NW} 647: My daddy I don't know where my daddy was born at. {NS} But I know my mama Little Texas they used to call that where your grandma and them had up there. {NS} Port Sulphur they used to call that Texas before. {NS} Interviewer: huh {NS} 647: And after they call it Port Sulphur. {NS} Interviewer: Could they read and write your parents? 647: My daddy not my mama. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} How much education do you think he had? 647: I don't know I ain't never did ask him. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't guess he had that much at the end with the school in that time. {NS} Interviewer: um 647: And in the old time them old time people didn't know how to read or write can't have neither white neither colored. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Could um {NS} what sort of work did your parents do? {NS} 647: Oh used to farm {NS} {D: they raised} rice. {NS} Interviewer: huh? {NS} 647: Grow rice. {NS} Interviewer: They grew rice? {NS} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: I didn't know that {NS} they grew rice in this area. {NS} 647: Not here it was up {X} in uh Homeplace. {NS} {D: in Homeplace} Yeah used to grow rice. {NS} Interviewer: um 647: Yeah they used to grow rice across right across the river over there too. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Yeah they used to grow rice. Interviewer: Do they still grow it any here? 647: No nobody grow no rice down this way. {NS} Interviewer: What about um your grandparents on your mother's side {NS} Where were they born? {NS} 647: I don't know where my grandmother was born. {NS} Interviewer: Do you know any #1 thing about them? # 647: #2 huh? # {NS} A little. {NW} I don't know where I don't know where my grandma was born at. {NS} I don't know where grandmother was born at I never did ask mama. {NS} Interviewer: Did she live around here though? 647: No she lived up in Port Sulphur. Interviewer: uh-huh {C: child} 647: I don't know too much about my grandmother back then. Interviewer: Could she read and write? {NS} 647: I don't know I don't believe. {NS} I know about my my my daddy's uh {C: baby screech} father used to live there out in uh {NS} {D: Nailor they call it.} {NS} Interviewer: Your {NS} 647: My daddy's daddy {NS} Interviewer: Used to live where? {NS} {D: In Nailor.} {NS} {D: They call it Port Sulphur now it's no more Nailor.} uh-huh {NS} {NW} 647: My grandfather was a hundred and ten years old when he died. Interviewer: Gosh {NW} Um what sort of work did did your grandparents do? 647: Oh honey I don't know. {NS} I don't know cuz my grandfather was old and I didn't {D: I knew his of work.} {NS} I guess his children was taken care of but {NS} I don't even know. {NS} Aux3: {X} 647: Come back he don't like the setting down. {NS} Oh he's fixing to cry. let {NS} Push it further this way we're gonna leave him {D: pass. } {NS} Oh look there. Interviewer: Does he want- {NS} 647: Hook the door Grant. Bar hook the door. {NS} Who need to go save {X} {NS} Set her right back there. {NS} Interviewer: What about your husband? {NS} um {NS} where was he born? {NS} 647: {X} at Point Pleasant {NS} over the river. Interviewer: At Point Pleasant? 647: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: I guess he's dead now that- {NS} 647: huh Interviewer: I guess he's dead now? 647: Yeah dead two years ago. {NS} Two years and three months. {NS} Interviewer: How old was he? {NS} 647: Seventy-seven {NS} when he died. {NS} Interviewer: Was he a baptist too? 647: mm-hmm {NS} yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Do you know about this education? {NS} 647: Yeah I don't know what he went to fifth grade I believe. {NS} I think that's all he had. {NS} Interviewer: Was he very active in {NS} clubs or organizations or church? 647: He didn't like none of that no {NW}. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What sort of work did he do? # 647: #2 He's # like a carpenter {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Carpenter used to farm for hisself. {NS} We used to have orange trees raise orange trees {NS} They had trees growing in the front yard all the way to the back to the back canal but the cold killed them all. {NS} Interviewer: Uh were his parents born around here? {NS} 647: hmm? Interviewer: Were his parents born- {C: cough} 647: Across the river in Point Pleasant. {NS} {X} {D: for me out here.} {NS} They all dead too. {NS} Interviewer: Tell me what this {NS} this area's like how much this this area has changed since {NS} 647: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 you know that # you remember {NS} growing up. {NS} 647: How much did it change? {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 647: Lord I saw some big good big big change here with the people and everything else. {C: baby} {NS} The people ain't nice like they used to be. {NS} Everything done change this was nothing but orange trees over here they ain't got no more. {NS} Nothing but Johnson grass now. {NS} Half the way is gone for you to eat. {NS} 'cept of the Johnson grass. {NS} Interviewer: People used to grow oranges in this area? 647: Oh yeah all over here yeah. {NS} There ain't nothing but orange trees down here. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What does most people do for a living now? {NS} 647: Trawl. {NS} Work on tug boats. {NS} Aux2: Come on back give it here come on. {NS} Give me a kiss. {NS} 647: I guess that's gonna be stopped after a while. Aux2: {NS} What? {NS} 647: Trawling. {NS} Interviewer: Why's that? {NS} 647: I saw I guess that's gonna be stopped after a while. {NS} Interviewer: How come? {NS} 647: I was looking at it last night on television somebody's going to keep them out of the {NS} Aux2: #1 Terraforming. # 647: #2 the trawl # Huh? Aux2: Terraform. 647: That's what? {NS} Down here too yeah. Aux2: Yeah I know. 647: A- and the man said a lot of white {D: come down and said} they don't know what they gonna do if that law pass. {NS} Say gonna starve and they families gonna starve they they families gonna starve {NS} {D: if they pass that law.} {NS} They ain't doing nothing but passing all kind of laws. {NS} that starve the people out {NS} that's all they doing. {NS} A lot of people try sitting here have to get rid of their boats they won't be able to trawl no more they have to sell their boats and {NS} seek new jobs and that that ain't they ain't they ain't given no they ain't got no jobs. {C: baby} {C: screech} Anything they laying off a lot of people but they ain't hiring nobody to work. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 647: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} I'd like to get an idea of what the house that you grew up in looked like. {NS} Do you think you could you know where the rooms #1 are? # 647: #2 The house # I grow grew up in? {NS} Interviewer: Could you sorta 647: #1 Lord child tell you the truth # Interviewer: #2 draw? # 647: I don't know how that house was. {NS} Interviewer: You don't remember it? {NS} 647: No. Aux2: {X} Interviewer: What about this house here? {NS} 647: Well this house here yeah this house just a la- a put up house. {NS} My other house I had six rooms to it. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: It had uh a porch on the roadside {NS} and a big screen porch in the front. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Now {NS} do you think you could sorta draw it? 647: #1 No I don't know how # Interviewer: #2 or you tell # 647: to draw. Interviewer: Well you tell me and I'll try to draw it how {NS} 647: Oh-ho Interviewer: What shape do you know what it looked like? {C: 647 laughs} {NS} {C: baby} 647: Ye- yeah I remember my house there. {NS} Aux3: Yeah I remember grandma. 647: Oh girl you should remember my house. {NS} What come you's took away from me there. Aux3: The green house? 647: Huh? Aux3: #1 The green house? # Aux2: #2 The green house. # 647: Yeah what other house. {NS} That's the only house I ever stood in. {C: baby} Aux3: You had a {D: Garrett}. {NS} 647: A front porch. {NS} Aux3: A front a uh {D: Garrett.} 647: #1 Yeah and then I had a # Aux3: #2 You had a porch. # 647: a back porch. Aux3: You had living room. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Aux2: You had a bedroom. 647: I had two bedroom. {NS} Aux3: A kitchen. {NS} 647: That's right. Aux3: And a room on this side 647: Yeah Aux3: And the bathroom's over this way. #1 I had six rooms # Aux2: #2 I think you had a room back this way. # Aux3: #1 {D: the room was back there} # Interviewer: #2 What # 647: #1 The bathroom was # Interviewer: #2 How # What shape is it is it just a square? {C: baby} {NS} #1 House tha- # Aux3: #2 Well it was # #1 shaped like this. # 647: #2 Old # #1 time house. # Aux3: #2 I mean no # Interviewer: Like like you're doing the floor plan. Was it square? #1 or # 647: #2 Old # time house. Aux3: Old house. Interviewer: So it was longer? Aux3: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 going # 647: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NS} When you first {NS} say if it went something like this? {C: baby} Aux3: It was in a {X} {NS} Interviewer: What {NS} say if this is the front which {NS} There's a porch in front? 647: #1 mm yeah # Interviewer: #2 Did it go all the way across? # 647: All the way across yeah. {NS} Interviewer: And then when you went in #1 {D: Where where would the door be?} # 647: #2 Through the front door. # Interviewer: Where right in the middle here? 647: Yes {NS} Interviewer: And what room- {X} {C: scream} Would that be just one big room? 647: #1 The live- yeah living room. # Aux3: #2 Yeah # 647: big living room the next room was a bedroom. Interviewer: Just right behind it? {NS} 647: Yeah behind the living room. {NS} Then the next room {NS} Was was a a {NS} a small kitchen. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} #1 Right behind the bedroom? # 647: #2 {X} # Yeah. {NS} #1 Then I had another big room behind the kitchen # Aux2: #2 {D: you kick that boom oh!} {C: playing with child} # #1 Look at it turn on. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 647: mm-hmm Aux2: Time to {NS} {X} Interviewer: #1 Just looking like that then just # 647: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NS} One room right behind the other? 647: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: #1 This would be a small bedroom? # Aux2: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Behind the kitchen? # 647: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # {NS} going up the side to keep them in a small bedroom. {C: baby} {NS} Interviewer: Where? {NS} 647: You see like this here with the {X} {C: vehicle} Interviewer: What? {NS} Like {NS} #1 like # 647: #2 like # This room my kitchen was {D: shaped like} {X} And uh {NS} {NS} Interviewer: So {D: Like this} {C: screech} 647: Yeah that's right. {C: baby} Aux2: Stop that. {C: she doesn't} You can't mess with that. {NS} 647: They alright? Interviewer: So which which side would the #1 kitchen be on? # Aux2: #2 Look who is that? # 647: {NS} The kitchen was on the low side. {NS} Interviewer: Over here? Aux2: {X} 647: Yeah just like that. Interviewer: And this was a bedroom? {NS} 647: Yeah uh-huh Interviewer: And there was a bedroom here? 647: No it was just a big living room I had back there. {NS} Interviewer: Well if this is the living room here? 647: Yeah then I a dining room I had in the back of the kitchen. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about the bathroom? {NS} 647: The bathroom was on the {NS} the bathroom was on the upper side of the {NS} the dining room. Interviewer: The bathroom's here? 647: mm-hmm {NS} Aux2: {X} Interviewer: You say there was the {NS} two porches? {NS} 647: Yeah one porch on both sides. Interviewer: Where? 647: I had a porch about here. {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: On the lower side {NS} And the front had a big porch {NS} Interviewer: #1 A porch just going # 647: #2 {D: a front porch} # Interviewer: #1 How just like that # 647: #2 Yeah a ways yeah uh-huh just like that. # mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What did you wha- what {NS} did you call this porch here? {NS} 647: hmm {NS} Interviewer: Was this the screened in porch? 647: no uh-huh the front porch was a screened porch. Interviewer: uh-huh Aux2: {X} {NS} Aux3: {X} Interviewer: Do you ever hear an old fashioned name for porch? 647: mm {NS} Interviewer: huh? 647: They used to call it a gallery. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: They used to call it the gallery {NS} but now they calls it a porch. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {NW} {C: coughs} {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} a little room you could have off your kitchen for keeping canned goods and? 647: Oh I didn't have none I had a cabinet I used to keep my things in a cabinet. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Did you ever see people have a little room though? 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What'd they call it? {NS} 647: That was a {X} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever hear of pantry or a kitchen closet or? 647: Pantry no I ain't had no pantry I didn't have no pantry in my house. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever ever see kitchens built different like built separate from the rest of the house? 647: Oh you had to used to have that. Interviewer: {D: They did?} 647: You had it built separate {NS} from the house and you had a little porch used to walk {NS} you had to walk between the between the kitchen. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What'd they call that part did it have a special name? 647: No I don't think it. {NS} {C: crying} That used to be an old time house they don't make no more house like that now. {C: crying} {NS} But I ain't never I ain't never did {C: wails} live in nothing like that though. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {NS} I haven't seen. {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} How did you have your house heated? 647: {NS} With heaters. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {X} {C: others} Did you ever have a fireplace? {NS} 647: No. mm-mm I ain't never did have that. {NS} Interviewer: You know on a fireplace the thing that the smoke goes up through? 647: Yeah I know I never did have that I had a stove though. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: It was a stove pipe. {NS} It'd go through the wall I had that. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about on a fireplace? {NS} 647: I ain't never did have no fireplace. Interviewer: Well what did they call that? {NS} they? 647: They used to call it a fireplace. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Well that they'd build maybe out of bricks to carry the smoke up 647: Yeah fireplace. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} They call that the chim- {NS} 647: Chimney yeah. Interviewer: huh? 647: Call yeah they call it a chimney. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Yeah Interviewer: What about the the open flames on the floor in front of the fireplace {NS} that you could set things on. {NS} 647: Oh the mantel piece across the Interviewer: uh-huh 647: uh {NS} made across the the fireplace. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: We used to call it a what a shelf. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about down on the floor {NS} what'd they call that? 647: Oh I don't know. {NS} Where you make the fire? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Oh I don't know that's just a fireplace I guess {X} you never would set nothing on that. Interviewer: Uh-huh do you ever hear of a hearth or hearth? {C: Vehicle} 647: {D: what?} Interviewer: {NS} um {NS} {X} a hearth? 647: A horse? Interviewer: A hearth or hair or something like that. {NS} 647: I don't know nothing about that. {NS} Interviewer: What about the things that they set the wood on in the fireplace? {NS} 647: Oh {NS} I don't know what they call it. {NS} I don't know what they call it's a piece of iron they had set on each side of the fireplace each side {NS} and put the wood I don't know what they call it me. {NS} mm I don't know what. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What kind of # 647: #2 {D: Well} # put charcoal or stone coal you could burn it in too. Interviewer: uh-huh you burn coal? {NS} 647: Yeah we burn coal in the heater. #1 uh-huh # Aux2: #2 Excuse me. # Interviewer: {NS} What would you carry the coal in? {NS} 647: Little buckets. {X} {C:background chatter} Stone coal you can burn that in here. {C: cont} Interviewer: um what {NS} What about the kind of wood that you'd use for starting a fire? {X} {C: child} 647: They used to call it kindling wood. Interviewer: uh-huh {C: children} 647: Start it by little pieces you call it {C: children} kindling wood. Aux2: shh be quiet. Interviewer: Just a little piece of wood? 647: Yeah you cut it all by little pieces in order to light the fire and you put your big one on the top of. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm Interviewer: Say you could take a a big piece of wood and set that toward the back of the fire place? 647: Set a piece of wood uh {NS} yeah its called a back log. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You set back in that and it would keep fire all night. {C: interference} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Yeah mm-hmm Interviewer: Well you sound like you're pretty familiar with fireplaces after all. 647: Well yeah. {NS} In the city them houses in the city a long time ago that's all they had fireplaces {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: But now you don't see that much no more. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They uses heater now. {NS} Interviewer: What about the um black stuff that forms in the chimney? {NS} 647: What that soot? {NS} Interviewer: And what you'd shovel out of the fireplace? 647: You had to take um {NS} You'd have to get on top of the house and fix {NS} a sack of some branches you know? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: And let drop it down and knock all that soot down and you take that out. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 What about # 647: #2 {D: That's how} # we had to clean them fireplace. Interviewer: {NS} What about when you burn wood all you have left is the? 647: The ashes. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You have to take a bucket of something and m- shovel take that out and throw it out. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} you know when a um {NS} in a two story house to get from the first floor to the second floor? 647: I ain't never I ain't never been in {NS} I never did stay living in a story a two story house. {NS} Interviewer: Well what what would you have to walk up? {NS} 647: The step. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about outside? {NS} You call those? Aux4: Mama! 647: Steps {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay 647: {NS} Yeah Aux4: Yeah! 647: steps outside. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call these new houses set up on {NS} 647: Those piles. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} How come? {NS} 647: huh? {C: screech} Interviewer: How come? {C: screech} 647: They put that up there for the storm {NS} for the water. {C: screech} {NS} Interviewer: Does the water get very high? {NS} 647: It'll get high when the storm come. {NS} No storm {X} {C: child} not yet since they put this up. {NS} But for Camille this was {X}{C: child} you couldn't see nothing {C: baby} you just could bare- -ly see {NS} top of the houses. {NS} Interviewer: Gosh 647: Camille {NS} That's no for Betsy But Camille they ain't had nothing left here. {C: screech} Nothing nothing just a just like this school here. Interviewer: Camille did- 647: Camille took everything over here every house. {C: baby} {NS} Yeah Camille {NS} didn't left a thing didn't have a plant left. {NS} {C: super screech} My house ain't never find a picture my house. {NS} Interviewer: Really? {NS} 647: The furnitures and nothing else that's right. {NS} Interviewer: mm {NS} {NW} 647: And we put everything over here. Interviewer: Is Camille the same one that hit Biloxi? {NS} 647: I don't know {NS} {X} {C: screech} Betsy hit Biloxi Camille hit Biloxi? {NS} Wasn't that Betsy? {NS} Betsy hit hit Mississippi where all them people got a loss {NS} what they were celebrating cuz Betsy and Betsy came and pick all of them away? {X} Betsy hit Mississippi but I don't know where else Camille hit. {NS} Camille didn't hit in town. {NS} Betsy hit New Orleans. {NS} Theres a lot of people got drowned in in New Orleans now they got more people got drowned {NS} in the city than we got drowned down here for Betsy. {NS} After coming here we got a few of 'em that drowned cuz they didn't want to leave. {NS} They didn't have {D: tuning. } {NS} Interviewer: I guess it's pretty bad when the they get bad weather here there's just one road out. 647: Yeah it yeah you just got to {NW} they notify you to leave. {NS} Interviewer: yeah {NS} 647: Yeah you have to leave some time when you leave the course it's just like this bumper to bumper. {NS} Lot of time getting out so slow. {NS} mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Um talking about things you'd have in the house this thing here you'd call a {NS} 647: What a chair? Interviewer: okay {NS} What about the longer thing y'all are sitting on? {NS} 647: Sofa {D: duofold} they made it. {NS} I {X} I call it a sofa some people call it a {D: duofold.} {C: baby} {X} {C: screech} {D: duofold} something. Interviewer: {D: A big} 647: uh-huh {D: Irma please do something} {C: screech} Aux2: They call them things before {D: duofold} this- 647: They they call 'em sofa now. {C: baby} Aux2: Come on 647: {NS} This is a sofa. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's a sofa chair. {NS} Interviewer: huh? 647: And that's a sofa ch- {NS} Interviewer: What what? {NS} 647: Chair sofa chair Aux2: #1 and this here is a long sofa. # Aux3: #2 Y'all ever gonna stop that baby? # Aux2: {X} 647: And this here is a Aux2: Why you crying? 647: What they call them chairs that? {NS} Irma what they are they call them chair {NS} Aux2: Reclining 647: A reclining chair. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You throw that back. {C: baby} Interviewer: Is a sofa chair a special kind of chair? {NS} 647: I don't know. Aux2: {X} 647: Must be. {NS} Aux2: {X} {NS} Interviewer: What sort of things did people used to have in their bedroom to keep their clothes in? {NS} 647: Oh we used to call it an armoire. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm armoire or chifforobe. {C: baby} Aux2: {X} Interviewer: Could you hang things up in an armoire? {NS} 647: Yeah in a chifforobe too. {NS} Interviewer: What was the difference? {NS} 647: What armoire and a chifforobe? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: An armoire is just a a you fold your clothes on one side Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: and hang it on one side. {NS} And the chifforobe {NS} got drawers down on one side my chifforobe got three drawers on one side. {NS} and a place where you put your hats {NS} and on one side is for hanging clothes. {C: baby} {NS} I got a chifforobe now that's old time you hardly seem that no more. {NS} {NS} {NS} You hardly see a chifforobe no more. Interviewer: ha {NS} What about something that just had drawers in it so you couldn't hang things. 647: Chest of drawers. {C: screech} Chest of drawers just with drawers. {C: baby} {NS} Interviewer: Any anything else besides a chest Aux2: Leave them alone. 647: mm-mm Aux2: let Interviewer: What about something they have nowadays built into the {NS} a little room {NS} built into the house? {NS} 647: Lockers you call that. {NS} Interviewer: huh? 647: A locker. {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} anything else? {NS} 647: A locker is like {NS} {D: just like that} {NS} See that? {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Oh yeah that {NS} 647: That's a locker. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Staying clothes up in there it's just staying clothes up my husband made shelves so I could fold my clothes and put them in there. {NS} You wanna see how it's made? {NS} Interviewer: Sure. {NS} Um you know those things {X} {C: children} 647: huh {NS} Interviewer: Those things that you can put in windows to pull down and keep out the light? 647: Window shade? You got window shade you got windo- and blind. Interviewer: Okay the shades are the solid 647: Yeah mm-hmm that's a window shade there. {NS} mm-hmm Aux2: down right there. {NS} Interviewer: Say if you had a lot of old worthless things like old broken down furniture and stuff like that {NS} that you didn't have any use for 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What would you call that? {NS} Say it's not good anymore #1 or it's just # 647: #2 I'll call it # junk me. {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about a place where you could use to store things that you don't know what to do with {NS} 647: Well you put it in a barn if you want to store it away. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Yeah a barn they call it. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear or a junk room or lumber room {NS} 647: mm-mm Interviewer: or store room? {NS} 647: mm-mm {NS} Aux3: {X} 647: {NS} I have a barn. {NS} I call it a barn me. {NS} Interviewer: What about um the {NS} say if a woman's house was {NS} in a big mess she'd say I have to {NS} do what? 647: Have to clean it up? {NS} Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} And the thing that you'd sweep with? {NS} 647: A broom. Interviewer: okay {NS} Say if the broom was in the corner there and the door was open so that you couldn't see the broom 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: you'd say the broom was? {NS} 647: In the corner. Interviewer: Or {NS} in {NS} relation to the door it was where? {NS} 647: I'll call it in the corner. {NS} Aux3: {X} back just behind the door. 647: Oh that's what you's talking about you mean behind the door? {NS} You say back of the door. {NS} Interviewer: And um {NS} you say years ago women would would get all the clothes together. {NS} and then go out and do the {NS} On Monday women would get the clothes together and they'd do the? 647: The washing. {NS} Interviewer: Okay and on Tuesday they do the? {NS} 647: Ironing Interviewer: uh-huh {C: 647 laughs} {NS} What about nowadays {NS} um you could send your clothes to the? 647: To the laundry. Interviewer: uh-huh Did people ever used to use that word laundry {NS} to talk about washing and ironing? {NS} 647: Yeah sometimes mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Would they say I have to do my laundry 647: I have to iron I have to wash {NW} {NS} that's the way they say that. {NS} mm-hmm Interviewer: What about the big {NS} black thing they have out in the yard? {NS} 647: With the warm water to wash? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You know about that the big {X} pot. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Is that what they call it 647: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 a pot? # 647: uh-huh {NS} Yeah it's it had three little legs on it uh-huh {NS} All you used to call them pot {NS} Interviewer: What'd you used to call it {D: brown} {NS} 647: Boil {X} Interviewer: What about something that it has a #1 spout # 647: #2 Go give him # a piece of bread. {NS} Go give him a piece of bread. {X} {D: I feel they don't got to be jealous looking through that glass there} give both of them a piece. {NS} Interviewer: Something you could 647: Your mama just brought in you brought me some bread? {NS} Interviewer: Something you could use for heating up water to make hot tea in {NS} something that has a spout to it? {NS} 647: Oh a kettle. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Do you ever use that word kettle #1 to talk about the wash box? # 647: #2 Yeah mm-hmm yeah. # I had a kettle Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: I used to set on the stove my kettle come here took my kettle away from me. Interviewer: ha 647: A man beg me for that kettle {NS} A lawyer from in town that man beg me for that kettle. {NS} And I wouldn't sell it but he wanted to give me a um {NS} a pint of whiskey for it. {NS} He said he'd give me a pint a a pickle of good whiskey {NS} I told him no I don't use no whiskey. {NS} He begged me for that kettle I wouldn't sell and give him that kettle {NS} and come here and took my kettle ain't never find my kettle. {NS} {D: A large} black iron kettle. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Do people you know that pot they had out in the yard {NS} do people ever call that a kettle? 647: No uh-uh {NS} A kettle had a sprout on it Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: and a pot that was a big old {NS} Interviewer: big 647: old iron pot mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: And the {NS} the top of the house {NS} the covering on the house? {NS} 647: Some of it was covered with slate some of it was covered with zinc. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} They call that the? 647: Some time they old long time they used to cover it with shingles. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: But the they call that part the? {NS} 647: The what the roof of the house? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: yeah Interviewer: What about the things along the side of the roof that could carry the water off? {NS} 647: Oh gutters. {NS} Interviewer: Okay {NS} and you know when you have a house in an L. {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: You know that low place where they join? {NS} 647: Yeah Interviewer: Call that the? 647: {X} a house made in a L. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about that place up on the roof that low place? {NS} 647: Sometimes they'd call it the roof we have a hip hip roof. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of the valley of a roof {NS} or the alley? {NS} 647: mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: And um {NS} say if you wanted to {NS} to nail up a picture {NS} you say you'd take a nail and a {NS} 647: And a hammer. {NS} Interviewer: You say I took the hammer and I what the #1 nail in? # 647: #2 Nail yeah # and hang the picture up. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: And um {NS} {NW} {C: child} {NS} Where did people used to {NS} um {NS} keep their stove wood? {NS} 647: Put they in a corner in the house I had a box put they in a box. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Did they ever have a special building that they'd use? 647: uh-uh no Aux3: {X} 647: You keep out of the way. {NS} Aux3: Oh what's wrong? {NS} Interviewer: What about for keeping their tools? do people ever have 647: Toolbox {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Make a box and put the tools in it {NS} Interviewer: What about um before they had {NS} toilets inside what did they call that {NS} the outdoor toilet? {NS} 647: Outdoor {D: style?} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: They used to call it a closet. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Anything else they call it? 647: mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear any joking name for it? 647: No {NS} uh-uh Interviewer: Or any sort of vulgar names? 647: mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: What dif- 647: Irma sit down you just like a {D: Mageline} Aux2: {X} {NS} You go and see if Daniel wants some water. {X} 647: {D: Give him a plastic cup get one of them green plastic cup} {C: screeching} {NS} Not the blue one now look in the white cabinet. {NS} Give him one of them plastic cups {NS} uh-huh {NS} Aux2: {D: I don't need you} {NS} 647: You'd better leave that boy alone that boy get a little bigger and he'll whip y'all. {NS} Interviewer: ha 647: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What what different buildings did they have on the farm? {NS} You mentioned a barn what else did they have? {NS} 647: That's all I know {NS} Oh I thought you were shutting them up. {NS} Interviewer: Where would rich people store their corn? {NS} 647: Oh in their barn. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: In the barn. {NS} Interviewer: Was it a special place in the barn? {NS} 647: Yeah sometimes they had a a corner separate to throw the corn. {NS} Interviewer: huh? {NS} 647: Sometime they separate the place to throw the corn yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 What # 647: #2 Stack # it up in a pile. {NS} Interviewer: What'd they call that place? {NS} 647: Just call it the barn and its place to throw the corn #1 the corn in. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {NS} Do you ever hear of a crib {NS} or corn barn or {NS} corn crib {NS} 647: mm-mm {NS} That's what a horse had to eat in. {NS} Interviewer: What's that? {NS} 647: A star a stall was for the horse to eat in. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh Was that part of the barn? {NS} 647: uh-uh yeah the bar- those horse they in their barn for they self. {NS} The horse be in the barn they in a stable to theyself and the corn to theyself. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {X} {NS} Interviewer: What about the grain where would grain be kept? {NS} 647: What grain? {C: baby} {NS} Interviewer: Was there a special place- 647: Mustard green and thing like that? Interviewer: Grain. {NS} 647: I don't know hear talk of that. {NS} Grain. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a grainery or granary? 647: uh-uh {NS} Interviewer: What about the {NS} the upper part of the barn where you could store the hay? {NS} 647: Oh yeah that place and you could story hay up at put up um {NS} a fence like in there for the store the hay. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} You know that that upper part of the barn though? 647: Yeah up in the loft Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: What about the {NS} You know when you first cut the hay out in the field and you let it dry #1 so you break it # 647: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: up in little piles? 647: mm-hmm Call it a stack. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} #1 How big # 647: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: is the stack? {NS} 647: Oh sure you can make it big. {NS} They'd be round Interviewer: uh-huh 647: big round {NS} {D: point it up} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} But what about the little piles of hay just about this big? {NS} Do you ever hear of a doodle or a cock or a shock of hay? 647: mm-mm no Aux5: that's what I want. 647: A shock of hay that must be that what they bundle up. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm We never did put to have that down here. {NS} Interviewer: What about you know when you cut the hay off a piece of land then enough grows back so you can cut it again #1 the same year # 647: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NS} what did they call that? {NS} 647: Call it hay that's all. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: {D: Harving} up the hay for the animal. {NS} But we never did raise that like that. {NS} Interviewer: What different animals did y'all have? {NS} 647: Horse and a cows {NS} we had cow and horse. {NS} Interviewer: Where did you keep your cows? {NS} 647: On the back levy {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: the horse you can keep 'em in the tie 'em anywhere on the road. {NS} Put him in the stable at night Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Close 'em up in the stable. {NS} Interviewer: Did you have a shelter for the cows? {NS} 647: No {NS} too many. {NS} Interviewer: How many did y'all have? {NS} 647: There's too many for thirty eight cattle {NS} and we lost them all with the {D: shovel.} {NS} Interviewer: huh {NS} 647: Lost them all. {NS} Interviewer: When? {NS} 647: It was couple years a good while ago. {NS} He just would holler and he just {NS} fall down dead. {NS} Interviewer: mm {NS} 647: Sickness was {D: in them} {NS} Interviewer: The place where you turn the cows out to graze you call that the? {NS} 647: Turn 'em loose you just call it you call it nothing. {NS} Interviewer: huh? {NS} 647: I said we just turn them loose that's all ain't nothing but turning 'em loose. {NS} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: We had no farm we'd just turn 'em l- just let 'em go in the back let 'em {C: baby} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: stay out there all day and all night. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever call that the pasture? {NS} 647: We didn't have no pasture for 'em. {NS} Interviewer: What's a pasture {NS} 647: That's well that's when you {NS} uh put posts and you fence make uh {NS} a fence a wire fence for 'em to stay in. mm-hmm {NS} But we didn't need that over here we didn't need that. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever see a little fenced in place with {NS} out in the pasture where where you could um shut the cows up and leave them overnight for milking. {NS} 647: Oh yeah mm-hmm {NS} Yeah we had pasture to shut 'em up at night. {NS} Milk 'em and turn loose the next day. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Yeah we had pasture to shut 'em up. {C: baby} {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a milk gap or cow gap? {NS} 647: Yeah a cowpen that's just a little pen for the {NS} when you milk your cow. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about um you know on a house {NS} the room up between the {NS} the roof and the top of the house you call that the? 647: I ain't never had no house like that what two story building? {NS} Interviewer: Nah I was thinking did you ever hear of the {NS} the garret or the attic or the loft. {NS} 647: Well that attic is just like this here. {NS} Now we calls that a loft and people call that up in there the attic. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: You call it the loft. {NS} 647: I used to call we used to call it the loft a long time ago but now people calls it the attic. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about {NS} um the kind of animals that they get {NS} bacon from? {NS} 647: That's hogs. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: They make bacon out of hogs. {NS} Interviewer: Do you care if I shut this door cuz 647: Oh no you can shut it. {NS} Interviewer: the noise. {NS} 647: It ain't gonna do to much good for the noise though. {NS} Y'all going? {X} You going Scott? {NS} Shoot let her go let her go play with him. {NS} They ain't gonna go on the road they ain't gonna go on {NS} {X} That boy's scared of them um {NS} that boy's scared of the trucks. {NS} He said turn they {C: baby} {D: gonna roll over. } {NS} Say uncle Turner gonna kill him on the road. Something gonna roll over. {NS} Interviewer: Where would where would you keep hogs? {NS} 647: Hogs in the pen I never did fool with hogs. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Don't fool with no hog too much trouble. {NS} Interviewer: What about chickens where would they be? {NS} 647: In the pen in they chicken in the pen the wire things I got chicken out there. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about a little place just for the mother hen and the little chicks? {NS} 647: You call it a {D: brooder.} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about something you could use for shipping chickens {NS} you put them in a? {NS} 647: You puts 'em in a crate when you ship 'em but I don't ship no chickens. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about a coob or coop? {NS} 647: Yeah some people put them under a coop. {NS} Interviewer: What's that look like? {NS} 647: That's made just like this {NS} and you got slats across it. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {D: mm-hmm that's just about a coop. } Interviewer: When do you put them in that? {NS} 647: The hens with the little chicken. {NS} mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} a hen on a nest of eggs would be called a? 647: Setting. Interviewer: mm-kay {NS} What about what you could put in a {NS} if you wanted to make a hen start laying what would you put in her nest to fool her? {NS} 647: Put in to lay with? {NS} Lay on? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Put straw hay. {NS} Interviewer: Or {NS} you put in a 647: In the nest for them to lay the eggs on. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: #1 mm-hmm # Aux3: #2 Glass # eggs. (C: whispering) 647: Oh them glass eggs that what you talking about glass eggs? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: I don't use them I used to use them before but I don't have none no more. {NS} You don't see them glass eggs no more. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh say if you had a real good set of dishes {NS} your dishes would be made out of? {NS} 647: China. Interviewer: What about an egg made out of that? {NS} Did you ever see a {NS} 647: Egg made out of what? Interviewer: China. {NS} 647: Oh them china egg yeah I done seen that. {NS} What's? {NS} Interviewer: What did people use those for? {NS} 647: For put in the nest for the chicken to lay. {NS} uh-huh {NS} {C: bad screech} Interviewer: You know um {NS} when you're eating chicken there's a bone that goes like this. {NS} 647: Yeah um Aux2: Wishbone. 647: yeah the wishbone. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Any stories about that? {NS} 647: Yeah {NS} yeah somebody'd pull on it and um {NS} How do you say that? {NS} you're lucky {NS} Aux3: Oh you make a wish. 647: You make a yeah you make a wish and you don't tell 'em about what you wishing. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Two people pull on the bone you know {NS} the one get the biggest piece got the wish. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} {NW} {NS} 647: Well no any true that just people talk. Interviewer: Ha {NS} um {NS} You know {NS} on the {NS} the barn {NS} a fixed in place around the barn where the animals could walk #1 around? # 647: #2 mm-hmm # {NS} You call it a pasture. {NS} Interviewer: Well just just around the barn. 647: Well yeah that's a pasture. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Do you ever hear of a cow lot or a barn yard or {NS} a stable lot? {NS} 647: Yeah hear talk hear talk about stable yeah. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Where you shut your horses at night. {NS} Interviewer: Say if uh {NS} if you had a {NS} cotton planted you'd call that a cotton? {NS} 647: Cotton farm? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Or you'd plant the cotton in a big? {NS} 647: {D: Growing farm needs} {NS} big lot of ground huh? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Well if it's a big lot of ground you call it the {NS} 647: A square of cotton uh {NS} You call it a square of cotton. {C: Vehicle} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about if you planted sweet potatoes {NS} you call it a sweet potato {NS} 647: Oh I don't know {D: somethings} {NS} There are sweet potato farm but we don't have that down here. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Do you ever hear of a patch? {NS} 647: Yeah {NS} they call go out in the patch {NS} Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 647: #2 {D: You go out in the} # {D: patch mm-hmm. } {NS} Interviewer: What about something a whole lot bigger than a patch? {NS} 647: Well I don't know. {NS} {D: I don't remember what you call it now. } {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} Say if {NS} a kind of fence that people used to have {NS} a wooden fence it'd go in and out? {NS} 647: Oh you talking about the little picket fence. {NS} Interviewer: What did the picket fence look like? {NS} 647: Well thats just a wooden fence they cut out pointed {NS} and they about this far apart. {NS} Interviewer: About four inches 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: apart? {NS} 647: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Would it be {X} {C: screech} 647: Would it be what? {C: baby} {NS} Interviewer: #1 Would it be # 647: #2 Yeah # you nail it you nail it on a cross piece yeah you got to. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about a wooden fence that would go in and out like this {NS} around the pasture did you ever see one of those? 647: mm-mm {NS} I seen maybe the wire around the pasture but not with the planks. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um {NS} What kind of wire would y- 647: Barbed wire. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: They call it barbed wire with stickers. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} You take the wire and then you tail it to a? {NS} 647: Yeah {NS} you nail it to the posts. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {NS} {X} {NS} I hope they don't mess with my lawn my lawnmower there. {NS} Interviewer: To set to set a fence up you'd dig hole and put the 647: You got to dig a hole and put the posts down yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: You got to put all your posts down before you put the fence {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: before you put the wire on it. you hungry? {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever see a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock? {NS} 647: mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} If you wanted to get a an area ready for {NS} for planting what would you break the ground up with? {NS} 647: Well a plow or tractor now they they break the ground up with a tractor they don't use no more horses. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: They use tractor now. {NS} Interviewer: What'd what did 647: What he had he drop it he looking for what is stuck to his foot? {NS} He mess his gum? Aux6: mm-hmm 647: He had chewing gum? {NS} Aux2: Well I'll get it. {NS} 647: {D: look at it little boy} Ha {NS} He walked on it and had it on his foot. {NS} What's that? {NS} Interviewer: What different kinds of plows did people use to have? {NS} 647: Different what? {NS} Interviewer: Different kinds of plows did people use to have? {NS} 647: They just plow the hole with their hands. {NS} You spent all the stamps eh? {NS} I don't have this. {NS} I don't want that. {NS} Tell him he can keep that. {NS} Interviewer: What about something that had a lot of teeth in it to break up the ground 647: A harrow. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Was there different kinds of harrows? {NS} 647: No. {NS} Just a just a with the teeths on it the iron teeths. {NS} Interviewer: Did um {NS} People ever raise cotton or sugar cane in this area? 647: No mm-mm mm-mm {NS} Only thing they used to raise beans snap beans. {NS} Butter bean. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Just raise thing like that. {NS} Corn. {NS} I raise chickens people don't raise that no more. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They don't raise nothing no more. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear people talk about chopping or scrapping {NS} #1 mm-hmm # 647: #2 cotton? # {NS} Cotton? {NS} Interviewer: Or sugar cane or {NS} 647: No {NS} That's something I never did fool around is sugar cane. Interviewer: What does it mean to to scrape something or to chop it what is? {NS} 647: You chop it first then you plow it make your rows up. {NS} Interviewer: What do you mean chop it what do you do then? {NS} 647: Huh? You chop it with a chopper {NS} and the tractor. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What kind of grass would would grow up. {NS} 647: What kind of grass grow here now? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh Aux2: There's a s- 647: Johnson grass clovers all kind of old bad grass. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh Aux3: Today is the eighteenth. 647: Nothing but Johnson grass around here now. {NS} Today is eighteenth? {NS} Well {NS} Aux3: Cuz tomorrow the big concert {X} 647: You going eh? {NS} Aux2: Today is the eighteenth. {NS} Tomorrow is nineteenth. 647: I believe my my my watch got the go get my watch I believe my watch got the eighteenth look see. Interviewer: Yeah it's the eighteenth. Aux2: Today's the eighteenth. {NS} 647: Look see my watch is right I think got the eighteenth look on the dresser. Aux3: Where it's at? {NS} 647: Look on the dresser. {NS} I think it's the eighteenth was on it. {NS} Was it the eighteenth? {NS} That's old calendar Irma get my calendar new calendar in here. {NS} You don't see that {X} do you it's not in that it's on that it's on the {NS} look see there Irma you know where I got my watch. Aux2: You got the nineteenth today's the eighteenth. {NS} 647: What it's got the nineteenth? Aux2: Yeah {NS} today's the eighteenth. {NS} 647: It's too fast- {X} {NS} Aux3: I been writing the wrong date I had to get a seventeenth. {NS} 647: What you make checks you make checks? {NS} Aux3: Seventeenth is {X} {NS} 647: Why don't you look at you calendar so you be straight? {NS} Aux2: {D: Okay they about seven hours late now} {NS} 647: Where it's at? Aux2: {D: pitching with y'all} 647: Huh? Aux2: Back with y'all. {NS} 647: {D: Back with who?} Aux2: With y'all. {NS} 647: With y'all? {X} Oh Beth I know what you give Irma seven {D: late hours show you seven late now} Aux3: {D: Why she give you seven hours} {NS} {X} {NS} 647: Quit your crying for your Irma take him. {C: baby} Aux2: {X} 647: Take him Irma. {C: baby} {NS} Irma! {C: yells} {NS} Ah you're more right with your grandma than what you do with your mama huh? {C: baby} Aux2: {X} 647: Huh? {NS} Aux2: {X} 647: Yeah real cool. {NS} {X} That's as far as I can go I don't think I can't answer no more now. {NS} Interviewer: ha okay. 647: I don't be out no no more. {NS} About a week or so. {NS} Well I got a bird a little parakeet. {NS} I don't never take my bird out of the cage take my bird out of the cage and turn it loose {NS} {D: and tell Carter} tell open the door so he can get out of here open the door. {NS} I say Glen I'm gonna take this club and I'm gonna knock you over the head with it. {NS} {D: He wasn't waving he's just} {X} I don't like him to fool with my bird. {C: vehicle} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 647: You know you don't turn loose 'em when you get 'em out of the cage they bumping all over the walls just hitting they hurt theyself {NS} and nearly kill theyself. {NS} And I like those little birds. Interviewer: You still have one? {NS} 647: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: {D: Can I see? } 647: {D: Sure you can you didn't see that bird he pass in that chair.} {NS} I need a what you got to hang a cage up I keeps it on a chair a big chair. {NS} mm I got two I lost one my brother he give me that. {NS} And I lost one of 'em {NS} and I got one left. {NS} I wanted to get me another one but they so high they sell 'em for eight dollars that's too much money I can't put money like that now. {NS} Used to could get 'em for a dollar ninety-eight cent {NS} but now they eight dollar for one parakeet. {NS} I don't know. {NS} And he's just a little tiny little bitty bird go look in there. {NS} He's tiny. {NS} If he just start singing. {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} If you're talking about a farm you know a {NS} a large farm where they have a lot of milk cows {NS} and they sell the- 647: They don't have that here. {NS} Interviewer: What do they call that? {NS} 647: A pasture I guess. {NS} Interviewer: But just a large place where they have milk {NS} cows. 647: Yeah call it a range something. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Where would- 647: We don't have that down here. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: They has a lot of cattle but they got 'em turned loose on the back levy back there. {NS} See that big levy back there? {NS} Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 647: #2 You have # gang of cattle back there. {X} {C: vehicle} They calls it cattle on the pasture I guess. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about um {NS} where do the stores around here buy their milk from? {NS} 647: Uh what kind of milk cow milk? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: See that milk come from Mississippi all over I think {NS} not from here. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What do they call the place that they buy it from? 647: I don't know honey. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} um 647: {D: I don't know.} {NS} Interviewer: I was thinking of a {NS} 647: They calls it a dairy Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 647: #2 eh # milk dairy. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear that word dairy used to mean any thing else other besides {NS} 647: #1 mm-mm mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 {D: that kind of farm} # {NS} Where um {NS} did y'all use to keep milk and butter before you had a refrigerator? {NS} 647: Oh girl we just used to keep it inside. {NS} They didn't used to have no refrigerator a long time ago. {NS} Interviewer: What would you- 647: You'd milk your cow and you'd boil it {NW} and set it in your {D: sink} or something. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: They used to have those icebox you know? {NS} What you buy the ice {NS} and uh you put the uh buy ice and put it in the icebox and then {NS} but you couldn't get no ice around here like you can now. {NS} Now you can go out the ice house and get ice down in Venice. {NS} But here you'd have to buy ice on the boat when the boat would pass you'd have to buy. {C: gets up} You had to run out to the other river {D: the Elsie} and you buy a box a hundred pound of ice {C: distant} {X} {C: moving away} {X}{C: doing dishes} {X} {NS} The storm uh {NS} Bessy took that. {NS} And in my first house I had bought {C: vehicle} {NS} I used to have bought them icebox I call them. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: What you put ice in you have to buy ice. {NS} but uh {NS} you seen here lately come out they didn't used to have all that before. {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} how they keep potatoes or or turnips during the winter. {NS} 647: I- they don't plant no turnips to keep. {NS} When they do so turn around and there was a honey they they {NS} plant plant the turnip {NS} they'd bunch 'em and bring it to the French market. {NS} But you don't see that here no more. {NS} Interviewer: What's the French market? {NS} 647: In in New Orleans {NS} around Decatur street. {NS} You don't ever seen the French market? {NS} Interviewer: I think I know where it is. {NS} but I don't think I've ever been. 647: Oh yeah I don't that's where they bring all kind of stuff there. {NS} Oh they bring melon {NS} potato all kind of things in the market tomato {NS} apples pear plum. {NS} All kind of thing strawberry. {NS} That's where they go and get they stuff {NS} at the French market. {NS} They used to farm here they don't farm no more. {NS} They used to plant plenty of beans around here and snap beans and {NS} butter bean and bring that to the market in truck {NS} pack it up and then bring it to the market. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They don't do that here no more. {NS} Can't raise it no more Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What um {NS} you mentioned the snap beans {NS} is there any other name for snap beans? 647: mm-mm {NS} Not that I know of. {NS} Interviewer: Green beans? 647: They got all kind of beans there they they call them green beans you got {NS} you got all kind of snap beans you got {NS} black valentine they got companion. {NS} You got something they call refugee beans. {NS} They have all kind of beans we used to plant all kind I got {NS} golden wax bean that's a yellow bean Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: uh we don't they don't plant no more beans here {NS} you even can't get people to pick beans. {NS} Interviewer: What about um lima beans. {NS} 647: Oh that's uh {NS} that's a butter bean you call lima beans. {NS} You ever seen them butter bean what they call butter beans Interviewer: So butter beans are are 647: Flat. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {NS} Um that's what you call lima bean. Interviewer: It's the same thing butter beans and lima beans? 647: Yeah it's the same kinda bean. {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} You say he'd take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a mess of? {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} He didn't cook the turnip top with the bottom {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: cut the bottom and the tops together and cook it. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What do you call it? # 647: #2 It's good # you ever didn't eat that? {NS} Interviewer: #1 Oh I haven't eaten the tops yet. # 647: #2 I don't know. # {NS} I don't know what you call it me. {NS} Just call it cooking turnip and the bottom together. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What else besides turnips do you cook? {NS} 647: Carrots. {NS} Radish you don't cook that you just eat that like that I don't like that. {NS} Interviewer: You don't like that? 647: mm-mm I don't eat no radish {NS} you just eat that raw {NS} you don't cook that. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 647: Like a salad mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Well you talk about 647: beats you boil that #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 cook that # 647: slice it up mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Would you talk about turnip greens or turnip salad {NS} or what? {NS} 647: Turnip green. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What other kinds of greens besides turnips? 647: Mustard greens Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: They got um {NS} tender greens. {NS} They have um {NS} collard greens. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: That's almost like a cabbage but {NS} it just grows straight you know you cook the leaves it just make leaves. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: I don't care for that either. {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} something that {NS} grows down on the ground and makes your eyes water if you cut it? 647: Onions? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What do you call the little ones that you {NS} you eat when they're still {NS} small? 647: I don't know. {NS} They have little bitty onion what they puts in salad I don't know what they call it I think salad onion I guess. uh-huh Interviewer: What about um {NS} something you could use in a gumbo? {NS} 647: Oysters. {NS} Shrimp. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about a k- 647: Crab. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What about a kind of vegetable? {NS} 647: What you use what in gumbo? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Parsley? That's all I know and onion. {NS} Interviewer: What about okay- {NS} 647: Okra? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: I know you can make gumbo with okra too like when you make a shrimp gumbo with crab and ham and different thing. {NS} Some people I guess put okra in but I puts file in it gumbo file. {NS} Interviewer: What's that is that that sassafras {NS} the file 647: mm-mm the the {NS} The file tree {NS} is uh that's sassafras the roots. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: It's a leaf and you got to dry then you mash 'em up you beat 'em up. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about um you know the tomatoes {NS} what do you call the little tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? 647: I don't know what they call them little tomatoes. {NS} You know one day I went to the grocery and I seen th- {NW} {NS} you know them little basket like they put strawberry? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Saw them and I said what's that little plums? {NS} And my daughter said no that's little tomatoes and I said I ain't never did see little tomato that small. Interviewer: {NS} ha 647: I never did I go and I see things that I ain't never did see like uh {NS} purple cabbage. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: The color of a eggplant like {NS} in the grocery I never did see them make them kind of cabbage before. {NS} I don't believe I could eat them. Interviewer: ha {NS} 647: I don't believe I wanna no I don't believe I wanna eat that. {NS} And they got some kind of bean they call horse bean {NS} they grow long like that. Interviewer: What a foot? {NS} Two feet long 647: Yeah great big old beans they make. {NS} That's more {X} people use that they tell me. {NS} We plant they come high like that the bush. {NS} and the bean be that long great big old long beans. {NS} Interviewer: What about if you want to get the beans out of the pot you'd say you have to? 647: {D: Haul it. } {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} #1 And # 647: #2 When they # dry {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: You know {NS} um talking about lettuce if you wanted to go to the store and buy some lettuce you'd ask for three? {NS} 647: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # three what? {NS} 647: Head of lettuce. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Would you ever use that word head talking about children? 647: hmm? Interviewer: Would you ever use that word head talking about children? {NS} 647: Children? Talking about children? {NS} Interviewer: Say if someone had five children would you ever say he had five head of children? 647: mm-mm {NS} Just say five children I hear them talking about five or six head of cattle but not {NS} not the children. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about if someone had about fourteen children you'd say he really had a? {NS} 647: A whole gang of children. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear {NS} people say a passel of children? {NS} 647: mm-mm {NS} No we was um {NS} we was thirteen of us. {NS} Interviewer: Gosh. 647: My mother had thirteen she had nineteen children {NS} and she raised thirteen. {NS} And uh {NS} last year I got two brother die we were six brothers and seven sisters we still seven sisters. {NS} Now we got four brothers. {NS} {D: This year}{C: names} five six we lost two. {NS} I lost a brother in the the twentieth of July in California he was visiting. {NS} and I lost one in New Orleans. {NS} September the thirteenth it'll be a year coming September. {NS} And when be dead a year {NS} July coming on the twentieth. {NS} {D: and right behind her.} {NS} One of 'em was seventy one with making his seventy on the fourth of July he would make him seventy. {NS} And the other one he was eighty years old. {NS} He had {NS} lost his eyes he had lost his sight. {NS} And he took sick and he died. Interviewer: hmm {NS} 647: He had three children but they all was grown up children. {NS} He was married four time. {NS} He had lost three wives he had buried. {NS} And {D:name} this uh this wife buried him. {NS} He had children with first wife with his second wife third wife and he had none with his fourth wife three wife {NS} he didn't have none with her neither because she's already old. {NS} See my mother's picture up there? {NS} Interviewer: Oh yeah I notice that. 647: That's my mother. {NS} She was ninety years old when she died. {NS} Interviewer: Gosh {NS} 647: Used to do all her work all her scrubbing her ironing nobody couldn't iron for her {NS} neither wash. {NS} She used to wash {NS} before she got a machine she used to wash on the washboard. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: And she'd wash them clothes in two waters {NS} and she'd rise 'em in two waters Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: before she'd hang 'em up. {NS} And she'd iron our own clothes and she didn't want a wrinkle in our clothes none of 'em couldn't iron no {C: vehicle} {X} here's a mop and wax the floor with soap and everything. {C: vehicle} {NS} See nobody don't do nothing for me neither no I don't leave nobody do nothing for me. {NS} I do my own work. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 647: My mopping {NS} my washing {NS} hoeing when I was getting ready to hoe {NS} pull the side blade and mow. {NS} See my onion I got back there? {NS} I got {NS} melon plant all back there yesterday I went to clean my row of potatoes. {NS} But I got all to rise I can't wait so good it worry oh I put two weeks out there. {NS} Dragging with them all how they could pick him up oh but I was feeling bad up in here yeah. {NS} But I ain't throw none of them children {NS} Oh I'm gonna hurt me so bad I hate get up. {NS} I used to get up in the morning go feed my chicken give 'em water come back inside and clean my house up. {NS} Yesterday morning mop all up in here. {NS} This morning I pass the deck mopping here again. {NS} I don't even I don't I can't keep still. {NS} Interviewer: What different kinds of potatoes do you have planted? {NS} 647: Oh you can plant the pink potatoes and the white potatoes I plant some pink potato. I didn't plant white they're just a little piece I have for myself. {C: mumbles} {NS} I can't wait like I want in no garden no more {C:mumbles} {NS} I count my own with my legs. {NS} and out there riding in my knees and out there riding in my shoulder. {NS} Sometimes I come right when I have to come my head up. {NS} I gonna be hurting so bad. {NS} Right up in there see up in {X} that Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Look like something be up in there I don't know what something be rolling up in there. {NS} I take medicine for it and I have sugar in the blood {NS} I went to the doctor twice and I ain't got no more sugar. {NS} Well I'm a diet I don't eat nothing sweet. {NS} Let me see my rice if I cook rice I have to boil it and strain it. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call those pink potatoes? {NS} 647: Orange potatoes Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} #1 What oth- # 647: #2 Just call 'em # {D: orange.} {NS} Interviewer: #1 What oth- # 647: #2 Pink # orange potato. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What other # 647: #2 And they got # the white orange potatoes. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What else besides orange potatoes? {NS} 647: You got sweet potatoes. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Are there different kinds of sweet potatoes? 647: Yeah there different kind but I don't know I know they have some white orange potatoes and they have {NS} I forgot what they call them yellows um {NS} potatoes. {NS} {D: I gone forgot more potatoes} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of yams? {NS} 647: Yeah that's right them yam potatoes them yellow potatoes. {NS} Interviewer: Yellow sweet potatoes? 647: uh-huh and they have some sweet potato. {NS} It's white inside just like orange potato you don't see that no more. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} do you know on corn {NS} the outside of the ear of corn they call that the? {NS} 647: Corn shell? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 What about # the stringy stuff they take off the corn? 647: What the hair? {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: There's the hair on the corn. Interviewer: uh-huh And the thing that grows on the top of the corn stalk? 647: The tassel. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: The corn tassel. {NS} Interviewer: And you know the kind of corn that's {NS} tender enough to eat {D: on the cob? } 647: mm-hmm {C: vehicle} {NS} With you boil it like that its {NS} when it's tender when you {NS} when you boi- to eat you break 'em tender and going for the chicken you give 'em dry. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Do you call it sweet corn or roasting ears or? {NS} 647: I don't know what they call it. {NS} I just call it corn me. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They have white corn and they have yellow corn. {NS} I guess they got a name for them but I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: What about when it's tender enough to eat then you call it. {NS} 647: Oh just corn. Interviewer: uh-huh. {NS} um {NS} What about a little {NS} yellow crooked necked vegetable. {NS} 647: A little yellow pumpkin? A squash? uh-huh {NS} mm {NS} 647: A squash. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {D: And the yellow squash and the other white round squash is a scalptine.} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: what about kinds of melons? 647: Ooh girl you got all kind of melon I can tell you a melon I don't know nothing about the melon. I already got the {X} they call rattlesnake melon it's a striped melon. {X} melon it'd be a little melon about this long about that big around. we call 'em ice box melon I don't know what kind I don't know nothing much about the melon. Interviewer: What kinds of melons do you have planted? 647: I plant some rattlesnake melons some other kind of green melon I don't know what the name of it. I just plant it. {NW} Interviewer: Those are all water- 647: Watermelon. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What else besides watermelons are there? 647: I planted those in the lawn. Now what they call 'em? {NW} You know those {X} {D: little mushmellow now what they call that?} Interviewer: can- 647: cantaloupe Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Yep like that. Interviewer: {D: So cantaloupe is little mushmellow?} 647: Ah and he's sweet. Interviewer: uh-huh um {NS} What about {C: Vehicle} {NS} something that {C: Vehicle} spring up in the woods or fields after it rains little thing shaped like this? 647: I don't know what that is. Spring up after it rain? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't know that. Interviewer: Do you ever here of mush-? 647: Mushroom? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Thats what? {X} talk a' mushroom, but they don't um you don't see that. {NS} yeah you can {X} mushrooms they eat all everything that's come up in the rain there. They ain't no good to eat that's poison there. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Those black mushrooms that just comes up in the ground there Interviewer: uh-huh 647: that's poison they tell me. {NS} Now you can {X} mushroom that mushroom in can. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: but its good to eat but that's kinda {NS} {D: think I might} throw up and they ain't no good to eat. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear of them called anything else besides mushroom? 647: {NS} No. {C: Vehicle} {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever of {C: Vehicle} toadstool or frog bench or 647: mm-mm Interviewer: devils cap or anything? 647: mm-mm What that is? Interviewer: Just a kind of a mushroom. 647: Oh yeah, I don't know nothing about that. {NS} I don't know much about the form and things because uh there's so many different kind of things that you can plant, you know? Interviewer: yeah 647: That I don't know what it is. {NS} They got plenty of things in the uh {NS} in the French market what I ain't never did see was good to eat and I ain't never did see {D: 'til the elder years} I ain't never did see it when I was a girl coming up. {NS} mm-hmm Yes many thing. Interviewer: Did you go into the French market much when you were young? 647: No uh-uh {NS} I pass by the French market more in my than what I ever did cuz I didn't used to know where the French market was Interviewer: uh-huh 647: 'til after I got married {NS} and we didn't used to go no ways. {NS} Mama didn't leave us go no where but keep us home. Interviewer: yeah 647: mm we didn't visit no one we didn't go about no where. {NS} see I didn't dance of all in and all that I ain't never did dance never did visit no {X} Interviewer: so you used to have dances a lot? #1 a lot # 647: #2 yeah # and she never did allow us to {NS} play cords and didn't let the children do nothing Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {NS} I don't know how to do that never did play cord. mm-mm {NS} Don't know how to dance I ain't never did dance in my life and I'm seventy-seven years old. Never did dance. You see when we comed up {NW} we didn't come up like these children here Interviewer: uh-huh 647: These children they goes all over {C: rooster} {NS} come in all hours of night. We didn't eh we used to play in our yard with one another it was a {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: and we used to play with ourselves we ain't go of and play over no one. {C: bump} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: and we didn't visit nobody. And when people old people would tell us something we couldn't we was not allowed to answer nobody whoever we was regardless to what color we couldn't we couldn't sass nobody. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: and one thing we ain't I ain't never did sass at nobody when I was small coming up. But these children they'll sack you out they'll curse and everything now we wasn't allowed to use that kind of word. {NS} We mama didn't allow us to call one another a liar we could say you're foolish and you're crazy or something like that Interviewer: uh-huh 647: but not using no word of liar uh-uh. {X} oh you're a liar {X} {NS} we couldn't we couldn't use that. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't use that word now. If you say I say oh yes go ahead you spelling a story Interviewer: uh-huh 647: but I never call nobody no liar. One time I called my husband a liar oh what he done he tell something he tell me and we ain't married. I said you're a liar then I had to I said oh you see that you made me call you a liar I ain't used to I ain't never did call him a liar never meant to call my husband a liar. I felt sorry I {D: that I called him} but he made me angry at the time you know? Interviewer: yeah 647: mm-hmm No well I use them when I make them {X} oh no no Interviewer: What is it we used to use to carry water in? 647: A bucket. {C: buzz} {NS} A water bucket. {C: buzz} Interviewer: What was it made out of? {C: buzz} {X} 647: as well for a bucket. I have a tub I have a washboard. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You ever seen a washboard eh? Interviewer: {X} 647: You never did use it eh? I hear you young people tell {X} use again had nothing else to wash with had nothing else to wash with you had no washing machine or nothing. {NS} and uh A lot of them after they come here after they move down here they had no washing machine they use to go way in to town and wash their clothes but not me I took my washboard and washed my clothes and put them on my line. I ain't run to town with no clothes. {D: They don't want to do nothing but ditter young people.} You see the like them young people you see like them making a little bit {X} And children can be here sitting down they won't come in help me with- I asked one of 'em to come help me plant some melons He has to go play ball. I said alright. My son he was sitting out right there {NS} he wouldn't come help me plant no watermelon I just make them watermelon come up. and there I ain't even put their foots up again Interviewer: yeah 647: I mean that I ain't even {X} cuz he wasn't feeling nothing he could help me. Last time I planted some I gave the little boy some. to sell I give you them selling keep the money for yourself. {NS} And I couldn't get none of 'em to help me the {D: whole week.} you see I be sitting down doing nothing {NS} those children be sitting down like that or be sleeping all day I would rather get out there and plant my little gourds. Interviewer: yeah 647: mm-hmm Plant gourds and plant flowers {C: Vehicle} you see I see not near enough people around here with flowers. {C: Vehicle} Me and that old lady over there we got a us two nice garden here with flowers. No they won't try to plant my flowers A little boy bought some um {X} and planted them in a hole out there {X} oughta be coming up. Cuz my daughter got some of them high that high. And you don't see none here ain't nothing but {X} in March lucky if they ever come up. He said he didn't know how to plant I tell him if he'd have called me I'd have showed him how to plant those things. I raise chicken I raise chicken I got my own eggs got my own onion for me to use I don't have to buy no onion. First year I plant beans {X} beans I ain't plant no beans this year. {X} Interviewer: You know, that bucket did you ever see one made out of wood? 647: Yeah I used to have wooden pail Interviewer: uh-huh 647: they used to call him a pail Interviewer: #1 They ca- # 647: #2 a wooden pail. # Interviewer: They call it a pail if they were made #1 out of wood? # 647: #2 Yeah # uh-huh a wooden pail. Interviewer: What about the thing they'd use to carry food to the hogs in? 647: Oh you can carry it in near anything, a bucket, a wooden pail, anything. {C: Vehicle} {NS} Interviewer: What'd they call it? {C: Vehicle} {NS} 647: A pail wasn't a pail you need a trough to feed the hogs in. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: You need trough to feed the hogs. Interviewer: Do you ever hear that called a slop? 647: You know what you call slop? Interviewer: What? 647: You see when you saving food for the hog Interviewer: uh-huh 647: like your potato peel and your old rice and things Interviewer: uh-huh 647: you have a can of something and you dump that in Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: then you give it to the hog. Add the rest of it you can give them meat and bread and everything Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: bring it to your hog Interviewer: So they call that the slop? 647: Yeah that's what they call slop. Interviewer: The slop can or #1 slop bucket # 647: #2 mm-hmm yeah # slop bucket yeah Interviewer: uh-huh What about um if you cut some flowers and want to keep it in the house you put it in a? 647: A glass a vase? {NS} Interviewer: and {NS} something that you'd use for frying eggs? {C: Vehicle} {NS} 647: A frying pan? {C: vehicle} Interviewer: uh-huh Is that what they used to have? 647: Yeah they got right now. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever see one of those little legs on it that you could use for a fireplace? 647: Oh an old time pot? Interviewer: uh-huh {C: bump} 647: yes {X} {NW} They used to call it an oven. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Mm-hmm th- they'd put three legs on it. mm-hmm I had one I don't know what happened to my pot had one about this high. I just got to remember what happened to my pot my pot got lost in a storm once or what. It had four three little legs about this long {C: Vehicle} {NS} mm-hmm an old drying pot. Interviewer: What about if you were setting the table? What would you put next to each plate for people to eat with? 647: A fork and a spoon a fork and a knife. Interviewer: uh-huh and If you serve steak nowadays and it wasn't very tender you might have to put out steak- 647: knives Interviewer: And when you're washing dishes {NS} the cloth or the rag that you use? 647: Dear I call it a dish towel. {NS} Interviewer: Those you use when you're washing it? 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about when you're drying them? 647: I use uh {X} when I wash I use uh a little something like a little washcloth a dishtowel it's small. And the long and then what you're drying is {X} dishtowel it's a drying dishtowel they all dishtowels. Interviewer: mm-hmm and 647: But the little one that you wash dishes with is small and big uh the larger one is to dry the dishes. Interviewer: uh-huh Say if you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a- 647: A funnel. Interviewer: uh-huh And {NS} if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster you'd hit them with a- 647: Um a buggy whip. Interviewer: uh-huh and nowadays if your light wasn't working you'd screw in a new- 647: mm-hmm You screw in a bulb. Interviewer: uh-huh and um {NS} You mentioned uh well something that that flour used to come in that would be uh? 647: Flour? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Flours you make bread with? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Come in the white sacks in {X} used to now you buy it in a bag I guess they still sell 'em in sacks. Interviewer: What's the difference between a sack and a bag? 647: Well a a a sack is made out of cotton you can use that for anything you can wash 'em and use it but the bag you throws it away a paper bag. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: What about if you bought a whole lot of flour what would it come in? 647: Some of it is in bags some of it in sacks I don't see no more sack flour no more. Interviewer: What about a big wooden thing it'd come in? 647: What the flour {X} you used to get it in barrels before. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: When we come up that's what my my mother used to buy it in barrels. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: But I don't see no you don't hear about no barrel flour people don't buy no flour out of no barrel no more. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: There five pound flour and ten pound flour in bag. {NS} Interviewer: What about the things that would run around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 647: The metal hook. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in? {NS} 647: Oh in barrels nail? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {X} Interviewer: Well they wouldn't call it a barrel they'd call it a- 647: Oh I don't know they'd have called it a barrel to me. That's a barrel of nails ain't that? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: You call it a barrel I would call 'em barrels I don't know what other name they call 'em you know? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a keg or kag? 647: Beer in keg yeah. Interviewer: huh? 647: Keg of beer. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} You know on a keg of beer the thing that you turn to get the #1 beer out? # 647: #2 the faucet. # Interviewer: Huh? 647: A faucet. Interviewer: uh-huh What about out in the yard what you can hook your hose up to? 647: That's a faucet. Interviewer: And at the sink? 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Same thing? 647: Faucet inside and faucet outside yeah. Interviewer: um 647: They're the same thing. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} And if you wanted to carry clothes out to hang them on the line you'd care them out in a clothes- 647: In the clothes basket. {NS} Interviewer: and if you opened a bottle and wanted to shut it back up you stick in a {NS} 647: You don't see them {C: Vehicle} kind of bottle no more no when you open a bottle {X} want to shut it up again. Interviewer: What did they used to have? 647: They used to have them cork stoppers for bottles. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Might have had those little tin you know those funny stoppers that you had to pick up and they're hard to put back. Interviewer: yeah 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: um {NS} 647: You could go to the store you could go to the grocery and buy those cork stoppers. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: A bottle you'd break your you have a bottle of wine or something and you'd break your {X} or your jug. The stopper would break you could go to the grocery and buy some corks but I don't see that no more me that's all done away without me. {NS} All new things now all all old things is done away with. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: The young people done throw all them old things aside. mm-hmm {NS} Every thing you {NS} {X} people doing so much that they. Interviewer: yeah 647: They got it so good tell 'em they just don't know what to do. {NS} They here they doing things they got no business. {NS} Interviewer: What about um you know sugar cane what did they make out of the sugar cane? 647: They make sugar out of it and make syrup. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: And they use the after they get the syrup and thing out of it they makes wha- they make um lumber out of it they makes lumber like um {NS} {NW} like like furniture they they put their little cheap furniture that's made out of sugar cane. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: {NS} And they make the roofing for the houses I believe out of it Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: and and things to put inside your house like sheet rock and things. {NS} They use that plywood. Interviewer: What do they call that part of it? 647: The sugar cane? Interviewer: That they make the lumber out of. 647: Oh I don't know I don't know what they call it. Interviewer: {D: Do you ever hear of ba- bagasse?} 647: mm-mm I ain't never did here that. {NS} Interviewer: What about um something a little bit thicker than the syrup? {NS} 647: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of black strap? 647: Black syrup? Interviewer: or black strap 647: mm-mm Interviewer: molas- 647: Oh molasses like black molasses Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm I can talk about that. Interviewer: How's how's that different? 647: That's made out of sugar can too. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: How's that different from the syrup? 647: huh? Interviewer: How's that different from the syrup? 647: I don't think it's no different it's just a darker syrup. Darker molasses is more thicker. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They had the thick kind of molasses and they had the thin one. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Cane syrup is good. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called long sweetening and short sweetening? 647: uh-uh Interviewer: What about if you wanted to buy some molasses what would it come in? 647: You can buy molasses in bottles you can buy it in cans. {NS} {X} bottles and cans. {C: Vehicle} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a stand of molasses? 647: mm-mm Interviewer: What about lard did you ever hear of a stand of lard? 647: What you cook with? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What did it come in? 647: You used to buy it in cans they used to have it in barrels to in the grocery a long time ago. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And we had uh uh a scoop they used to take it out and put it in a paper if you want to buy or bring your bucket and they put it in your bucket. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever hear of it coming in a stand? 647: mm-mm They have it in boxes Interviewer: uh-huh 647: brown boxes. {NS} Cans they have it in cans now. {NS} Interviewer: What about what feed used to come in? 647: What? Interviewer: What feed used to come in? 647: What kind of feed? Interviewer: Just feed for the cows or horses 647: Sacks sacks Interviewer: #1 What kind of- # 647: #2 big sacks. # Interviewer: huh? 647: Big sacks big brown sacks. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Couldn't do nothing with them but it you know {X} and everything. You'd buy um a hundred pound of oats that was in great big sacks. Interviewer: What do they call those sacks? 647: hmm? Interviewer: You know that brown cloth? 647: Yeah Interviewer: What did they call those sacks? 647: What'd they call it? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They just call it sacks that's all I call it. Interviewer: You ever hear of a toe sack or a gunny sack or grass sack 647: mm-mm Interviewer: {X} sack 647: mm-mm {NW} I never hear talk of that. Interviewer: uh-huh and Say if there was a log across the road. You say I tied a chain to it and I- what it out of the road. 647: Pull it out of the road. Interviewer: Or another way of saying it I- 647: Oh I don't know. You can roll it or you can pull it. Interviewer: But talk about dragging it you say I- 647: Drag it? Like that mm-hmm. Interviewer: You say I tied a chain around it and I- 647: Drag it out of the way. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: This is something that um you can play you can blow on it like this. 647: A little mouth music? Interviewer: huh? 647: Mouth music. Interviewer: What's that? 647: Mouth music. Interviewer: How'd you what'd you what do you play? 647: Blow it. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Maybe rubbing it like that and blowing it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I call it a mouth music me Oh we got a lot of names for {X} for {X} {NS} I forget. Interviewer: What do you call the thing that you blow on? 647: What thing? Interviewer: That you blow on? 647: Oh I don't know. {NS} Got me about that. What you talking about those uh Music what you blow those horns? Interviewer: No the it's a little thing that's about this big. 647: Oh the mouth music. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't know what you call it. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a mouth harp or a French harp? Or a harmonica? 647: Oh that's what they call music which you blow in your mouth yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 647: A harmonica that you say that just now. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about the thing that you blow like- 647: Oh a harp I don't know. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I just know about a harp. I ain't seen anything else {X} more to hear Interviewer: What's a harp look like? 647: mm-hmm eh? Interviewer: What's a {X} 647: {X} my daddy used to by 'em from my brother but I just don't remember how they looks. Interviewer: What you called it is that the thing you'd put between your teeth and you'd- 647: I don't remember but I know my bother used to want that all the time a harp to play with. But now I admit I just can't remember how it was made or how it made. and then so long I ain't seen anything ooh I can't thought of the last time I see I was small when my daddy used to buy it from my brother. He always wanted a harp to play with. mm Interviewer: You never wanted one? 647: No indeed. mm-mm me just mouth music I ain't worried with {X} {NS} See that television there? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I put that on and I get tired sitting there. Sometime I be sitting on in here listing to the weather and I don't know what they say. I don't be paying it no mind. {NS} Interviewer: Say if a if a a man had a load of wood on his wagon and he was driving along and unloading it and going back and filling up the wagon again you'd say that he was 647: Hauling wood. Interviewer: uh-huh and do you remember um a long time ago when you'd you'd take the corn to the mill and have it ground up. 647: We never did do that. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} #1 Did you ever hear # 647: #2 I never did # see a mill with {X} Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever hear people talk about a turn of corn? 647: uh-uh a {X} of corn Interviewer: uh-huh 647: uh {NS} Interviewer: What about if you went out and got as much stove wood as you can carry in both your arms 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: you say you had a- 647: A load of wood. Interviewer: or an arm- 647: {X} Interviewer: huh? 647: Yeah an armload of wood. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and on a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood you say you just had a- 647: A half a load. uh-huh Interviewer: And you know if you had a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses. {NS} 647: Long wood you couldn't put no long wood between the horses. Interviewer: #1 well # 647: #2 You could # put it out and let it hang out on the back of the way and what not. Interviewer: #1 No I I mean the part of the wagon that goes between the horses. # 647: #2 Oh # Oh now I don't forget what you call that thing. {NS} {D: Is that what you} call that you you got to hook that up between the horses when they pulling it. Yeah I don't {X} what you call that. I don't {X} what you call it then. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a pole or a tub or a spear for the wagon? 647: mm-mm Interviewer: What about on the buggy? What you have you know those wooden pieces that come on each side of the horse? {NS} 647: I used to know it I forgot how you call that thing. {NS} I forgot what they how they what they call that. {NS} We used to have a {X} that we used to hitch up to the horse but I forgot what you call it. {NS} Not me I didn't do it my father was. {NS} We lead the horse and we gotta pull it it sit between the horse a horse on either side of it. I forgot what you call that I done forgot. {NS} Interviewer: You know on the wheels of the wagon the thing that goes across and holds on wheel to the other. {NS} 647: {X} the axle {C: vehicle passing by} {X} {NS} 647: {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {NS} And uh you know I had that yeah but where they had big cattle far where they sell that well that's where they had all them kind of things you see but yeah they don't have that. {NS} {X} {C: name?} used to milk cow a long time ago. They'd milk cow in bucket and they'd milk they cow with they hands you know pull her teat. But in milk dairy they had those machines Interviewer: uh-huh 647: and they hook some kind of s- machine to they cow and pump the milk out. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {D: yeah} {NS} You had those big can like that {X} and they have some pipes and they'd they'd put it in the machine milk the cow and fill those cans up. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm And they strain that milk with something they'd sterilize that milk and but when we'd milk cow we'd milk it with the the our hand and we strain our milk and we boil our milk. You see? Interviewer: Didn't the milk taste funny after you boil it? 647: Uh-uh it was good. Boiled milk was good. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Now you see this milk here what they buy at the {D: dairy oh-} I don't drink that milk I don't like that milk. {C: Vehicle} {NS} Interviewer: You don't like it? 647: I don't know how they got {X} {C: name} to me say if you would only see how they milk them cow in the dairy say you wouldn't want to drink that milk. And that milk what they sell that ain't no pure milk no. {NS} That milk gives me {X} {D: powder power milk.} That ain't no real pure milk. {NS} Now when you milk your own cow you get some good milk but when you got buy that milk you ain't gonna have no pure milk. Interviewer: yeah 647: mm-hmm {NS} That milk sour it don't clabber. It just tastes sour and be bitter {NS} stink. {NS} Now when we would milk our cow we used to make clabber milk cream cheese {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Used to be good. mm-hmm {NS} Could make your butter {NS} took your milk then take the cream out of it then make butter. {NS} But now we don't get nothing like that no more and I ain't got no more cattle. Interviewer: This kind of milk won't clabber? 647: Not quick like that that not like the store bought milk. If it clabber you could eat but clabber milk but yeah you can't you can't buy any milk {X} clabber for you to eat. It ain't no good. {NS} mm can't eat that. {NS} Interviewer: Um you tell me about the wheel you said the the rim 647: Hmm? Interviewer: You said the- 647: A buggy wheel? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: It's an iron rim Interviewer: uh-huh 647: it's not no uh no ain't got no uh rubber on it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: It had those spokes you know? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: You know that wooden part that the iron rim fits on? 647: Mm I don't know the name of it I gone forgot the name of that how they call it? Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called a felly? 647: mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear- What about you know in the buggy before you hitch your horse up you have to back it between the? 647: Back the horse up between I don't know what they call that honey {X} and the horse sat in the middle of it and they sat on each side of the horse. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I forgot what they call that. Interviewer: {D: Did you ever hear thills or shafts or?} 647: Shaft? Interviewer: Shaft- 647: Yeah that's what they call it huh might be a shaft yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: On the buggy with the horse set between it. Interviewer: What about the the piece of wood that they hook the traces to? {NS} 647: mm The harness? Interviewer: You put you know what I mean? 647: #1 mm # Interviewer: #2 the- # 647: The cross piece? Interviewer: There's a piece that- 647: When you hook a horse to uh uh Interviewer: That they hook- 647: to a wagon a horse have like like britches like straps. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And those straps you set your the side of your buggy into those straps you have straps that fit your horse and they fit back of their tail {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: and the horse is just sitting in there. And then poses his on to them uh they had rings on there and then straps onto that uh strap was across the hall. Interviewer: What did they call that 647: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: thills with rings on it?} # 647: I call them britches me horse britches I don't know what the name of it that's what I call it. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever hear of a singletree or a swingletree? 647: Oh when you're plowing singletree? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: A singletree that's for one horse Interviewer: uh-huh 647: and the doubletree would be about that long that's for two horses. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I got one of them under the house there now. Interviewer: You do? 647: Singletree from our horse yeah. mm-hmm My husband used to plow with his horse I got an old plow like that. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 647: #2 I have a # {D: color banner.} You need a {X} with salt water to set it up. And the handle got broken the plow got one handle on it the {D: color banner} had one handle we ain't got nothing left. {NS} He had give it to his nephew his nephew was to take it and he never did come get the {D: color banner}. {NS} The rust just added up it ain't good no more now. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You wanna see it? Interviewer: Yeah I'd like to see it. 647: You wanna see how it looked like? {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} You know when people were gonna chop logs 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: You know they could make a frame like this and set the logs in it? 647: yeah Interviewer: Do you remember what they call that? 647: I don't know what they call it we used to my husband used make it when cut wood with a big uh two man sa- uh saw. One that one one that you know and pulling it like that and cut wood then you split it up. Interviewer: What- 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: what did you husband have uh if he wanted to saw a board? 647: We had trestles I got four of um under the house there now. Interviewer: They cal- what did the trestles look like? 647: mm-hmm huh? They got mm they made like this. {NS} They made like this with a a piece in the middle and two piece on the- four piece on each side on each end. {NS} Interviewer: For A shape frame- 647: And put the bowl on top there and saw it Interviewer: uh-huh 647: and you have to hold 'em both down. mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever hear those called a saw buck or a saw horse? 647: mm-mm Saw horse? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-mm Interviewer: #1 and uh- # 647: #2 what that mean? # Interviewer: huh? 647: What is that? Interviewer: It's a- I think it's what some people call a trestle. 647: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 They call it a # horse. 647: Oh yeah. I don't know. Who call it a horse eh? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Yeah that's what he call to what I call it a trestle. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Yeah that's what they call it. Interviewer: And something you can #1 put- # 647: #2 Them's the # same thing. Interviewer: uh-huh something that you could put in a pistol? 647: What bullets? Interviewer: Or another name for that- 647: A bullet what you shoot? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} or you call it a car- cart- 647: Nah I don't know. Interviewer: Well- 647: I call it bullets me. Interviewer: uh-huh You know with those kind of ink pens? That you you have a little ink thing that you stick in you know? 647: The old kind of ink pen that you put down the {C: Phone ring} {X} Interviewer: {X} 647: Let me see. {NS} {D: And Oima would go but Oima called and Oima was scared but} {X} call. uh-uh daughter's mill oh what you call {X} {X} {C: More Creole?} Someone will go get her. Interviewer: No one's going out to get her? 647: No {NS} mm-mm Her mother didn't call nobody to go get her. I told her all right {X} go get her {X} ought to call back then my daughter Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: and um my granddaughter back at the highway and my daughter on the other side of the highway there by gree- and high house. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They'll go get that to her house back there daughter's mill go get her if you got her a call. {X} You don't want to worry nobody {C: Vehicle} {NS} See that the while now they don't come 'til three oh clock. You talk about that a little while that's a long while. {NS} Interviewer: yeah {NS} 647: You know my clock ain't no more good I need another clock. Interviewer: That one doesn't work? 647: It might be though clock ain't not quite five minutes 'til ten. You think that's the right time? Interviewer: uh-uh 647: What time you think it is? Interviewer: I don't think I got here 'til about ten I think it's more like ten-thirty or eleven. 647: Yeah. I had a clock {D: I thought I'm} set that clock right yesterday {X} buy me another clock. I don't think {X} keep the right time. {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} Talking about something that you put in a pistol you say in a in a rifle or in a in a shotgun you use shells 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: in a rifle or pistol you use- 647: I use th- I am talking about bullets me. Interviewer: uh-huh What about cartridge? 647: hmm? Interviewer: cartridge or cartridges 647: I don't know. I don't know. {NS} I just call 'em bullets me that's all I call 'em. {NS} They might have another name for it. Interviewer: uh-huh You know if your hair was messed up you'd use a comb and a 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: and a what? 647: Brush. Interviewer: And if you were going to use that you'd say you were going to? 647: Brush your hair. Interviewer: And this is something you could use if you had to move bricks or something heavy like that its got a little wheel in the front and two handles it the back. 647: I don't know. What that is? Interviewer: Well you know something if you wanted to move bricks or something. 647: If you gonna move bricks? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Oh a wheelbarrow? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Yeah {NS} I know what you is talking about. mm a wheelbarrow. {NS} Interviewer: What would people use to sharpen a um a straight razor on? 647: A razor strap a strap. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh What about something you'd sharpen a little knife on? 647: A stone? Interviewer: mm-hmm What kind of stone? 647: I don't know I just call it a stone me. Interviewer: What about something big that you'd sha- 647: You mean a grindstone which you turn? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Grindstone you call it. Interviewer: And um something that children play on they take a board and it- 647: seesaw Interviewer: uh-huh If you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were- 647: seesawing. Interviewer: What about if they take the board and fix it down at both ends and children would jump on it? Did you ever see something like that? 647: mm-mm where they jump in the water? Interviewer: No it they just jump up and down on it. 647: Oh yeah I never did see nothing like that. Interviewer: What about something that they'd fix down the middle and it would spin around and around? 647: Oh I I've seen that but I don't know about what they call it. It's a board that go round and round when it go. {NS} Merry-go-round they call that. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put 647: jump rope Interviewer: and put a seat on it. 647: A swing. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: and um {NS} So say if something was squeaking to lubricate it you'd say you had to do what to it? 647: If something was squeaking Interviewer: uh-huh Like the wagon wheel 647: #1 oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 you'd have to # 647: put oil on it. Interviewer: or if you didn't put oil on it. 647: Then it'll stay squeaking. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: #1 mm- # Interviewer: #2 Well # this hard stuff you could put on it. 647: A- Axle grease Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: So you'd say um that's squeaking you'd better- 647: Put axle grease on it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: yeah Interviewer: and To keep eggs from sticking to your pan what's the first thing you do before you cook you have to? 647: ah- when the grease get hot and it won't stick on the pan. Interviewer: uh-huh you have to do what to the pan? 647: I don't know I just put the pan on and leave it get hot me. Interviewer: Well to keep things from sticking when you're say when you're baking a cake? 647: Oh you grease your pan. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: and you'd say um Yesterday he {NS} what? If he did that to a car you'd say yesterday he? 647: If you did what to a car? Interviewer: If you put this grease on it you'd say yester- 647: Well yesterday uh you greased it you oiled it something. mm-hmm Interviewer: And if you got grease all over your hands you'd say your hands were all? 647: All greasy? {NS} mm-hmm Interviewer: And inside the tire of the car you have the inner- 647: Inner tube? Interviewer: And what do people use to burn in lamps? 647: Kerosene. Interviewer: uh-huh What else do they call that? 647: Some of them used to call it curl harbor its called the proper way is kerosene. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever see people make a lamp themselves using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? 647: No Make a lamp? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: No you? Interviewer: Did they take the- {NS} the bottle and they fill it with kerosene and they twist a rag down in it. 647: Oh yeah and they can use that? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Doesn't it uh uh they explodes eh? Interviewer: Well if they had the rag in tight enough if- if the rag fell in it explodes. 647: Oh yeah I never did see that. {NS} Interviewer: What um- say if someone had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water for the first time you'd say they were going to? 647: They {X} the boat and then put it out. Paint it and then put it out in the water. Interviewer: uh-huh What different kinds of boats do people have around here? 647: mm There's the little log boat {D: mode} and there's big boats. There's big boaters here. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: There's skiffs with other boat in the water. Interviewer: What does a skiff look like? {NS} 647: A skiff is I don't know what it's made of. It's it ain't got no top on it no more you know? {NS} You got a skiff Mr. and Ms. May got a skiff {X} I can't explain how a skiff is made. Interviewer: Is it pointed or flat at the- 647: In the front it's pointed. One end is pointed one end pointed it makes end it makes square. Interviewer: uh-huh What about something that's just one person can get in? 647: Pirogue. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever hear of something called a bathtub? 647: Bathtub? Interviewer: Bathtub the kind of boat they call a bathtub? 647: I don't know. I don't know honey maybe may- they might call 'em like that I don't know. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You haven't heard that # around here though? 647: uh-uh I don't know too much about no boat. I don't know too much about boats. Interviewer: And say if a child was just learning to dress himself- {NS} the mother brings him the clothes and tells him {X} she hands it too him and says here- {C: Vehicle} 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: your clothes here. how- 647: your clothes on. Interviewer: huh? 647: Dress yourself? Interviewer: Whats as she hands him the clothes she says here. 647: Here are your clothes for you to dress yourself? Interviewer: Okay and If you were taking a child to the dentist and the dentist and the the child was scared the dentist might tell him you don't need to be scared I? 647: Ain't gonna hurt you. Interviewer: And say if I ask you was that you I saw in town yesterday? You might say no it? 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: I didn't go into town so it what? 647: You seen someone else. Interviewer: uh-huh but it? 647: Wasn't me. Interviewer: And if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a? 647: A sample. Interviewer: And if she sees a dress that she likes a lot she'd say the dress was very? 647: Pretty. Interviewer: Or even better than that she'd say it was just? {NS} 647: I don't know. {C: mumbles} {NS} Interviewer: If she really likes it she'd say the dress was just? {NS} 647: mm Interviewer: just beau- 647: Beautiful? Interviewer: And something you'd wear over your dress in the kitchen? 647: Apron. Interviewer: And to sign your name in ink you'd use a? {NS} 647: Ink pen? {NS} Interviewer: And to hold a babies diaper in place? {NS} 647: Safety pin. Interviewer: And you say a dime is worth? 647: A dime? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Is what? Interviewer: is worth- How much? {NS} 647: I don't know {C: mumbles} a dime is just worth a dime that's all. Interviewer: Or another way of saying that it's worth? 647: I don't know. Interviewer: ten- 647: Ten cent. Interviewer: and If it was real cold before you went outside you'd put on your? 647: Your coat. A sweater. Interviewer: And if you were outside and you were getting cold and you wanted your coat you'd ask someone would you run inside and- 647: And fetch my coat for me. Interviewer: and what it out to me and- 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: How would you say that? 647: What? Run inside and get my coat. Interviewer: and what it to me? 647: Bring it to me. Interviewer: Okay so you say so then he went in- inside and he what it to me- he got my coat and he? 647: mm hand it to me? Interviewer: Or he what it out to me? 647: uh he gived it to me something like that Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And What would a man wear to church on Sunday? 647: What he wear? Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: His suit. Interviewer: And if he just bought it it would be a brand? {NS} 647: Brand new suit? Interviewer: and did you remember when they had the three piece suit? {NS} 647: A vest and a coat and uh and a pant. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 {X} # 647: #2 You can # get it like that now if you want. {NS} Interviewer: You can? 647: Yeah sure you can buy a vest. But people don't worry some people buy uh buy a vest too. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Any other name for pants? 647: mm-mm not that I know of. Interviewer: What about something that a man would wear if he was working out around the barn? {NS} 647: Overall. {C: Vehicle} Interviewer: huh? {C: Vehicle} 647: Overall. {C: Vehicle} Interviewer: uh-huh And you say that coat won't fit this year but last year it- what perfectly last year it? 647: It fit? Interviewer: And if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets you say it makes them? 647: Make holes in your pockets. Interviewer: Or it makes 'em stick out 647: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you say it makes # 647: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 them # makes them do what? 647: I don't know me. Make 'em stick out or something. In purses pocket put many things in. Interviewer: uh-huh Say if a woman um {NS} Likes to put on good clothes you say she likes to? 647: She likes to dress. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 647: Men likes to dress too. uh-huh Interviewer: What if she likes to stand in front of the mirror and 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: you say she likes to? 647: She likes to stand in front of the mirror. I had a son I had a son and he uh was gone in a way he'd be just like a lady. {NS} He'd get in front of me and I had to glass the armoire the armoire those with glass {D: you talking about a} top down. If he buy a pair of shoe he'd try 'em on and get in front of the mirror and look down at his self he'd turn around to the back and Interviewer: {NW} 647: anything he'd buy and he's using that mirror. He'd powder his face like a lady take that he'd powder his self all over. My husband used to tell him you just like a woman you are never seen a man like you like you be putting powder like that you just like a woman. {C: Vehicle} Interviewer: {NW} 647: Yeah sure he used to like to be in a mirror and fix hisself up. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: He don't stay down here no more he stay in town now. Interviewer: If a woman likes to do that um you know put on make up and 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: everything you say she likes? 647: She likes to fix herself up #1 pretty. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Do you ever hear people say she likes to doll up or she likes to primp? 647: mm like to prince up yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? {NS} 647: I guess so. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What would you call a man like that that likes to dress up a lot. 647: Just a just a man like to be fixed up he particular with his self that's all. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh You ever them called a jelly-bean? 647: mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: And something that um people use to carry their money in they call that a? 647: A wallet. Interviewer: uh-huh And what would you carry nowadays? 647: hmm? Interviewer: What would you carry now? 647: What would who carry? Interviewer: What would you carry your money in? 647: Me? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: A pu- uh {C: Vehicle} {NS} What they call 'em? {C: Vehicle} {NS} A purse. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it? 647: And you spoiled it. Interviewer: Because the shirt did what? {NS} 647: I don't know ruined it or something spoiled it something #1 ruined it by water. # Interviewer: #2 Well if the shirt # got smaller you say it? 647: Oh it shrinked eh? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And every shirt I've washed recently has done what? 647: What's that with you what you saying? Interviewer: Every shirt I've washed has 647: oh I don't know. {X} You can't wash shirt without shri- without shrinking them eh? Interviewer: Well If you washed it it did you say every shirt I've washed has done? 647: They shrink up. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And something that a woman a piece of jewelry a woman would wear around her wrist? 647: Bracelet? Interviewer: uh-huh What about something she'd wear around her neck? 647: um {NS} I forgot what they call it. I forgot what they call it. A locket? Interviewer: uh-huh Well say if you talk about beads you call that a- what with beads? 647: I just call them beads me. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear a string of beads or #1 pair of beads? # 647: #2 Oh yeah # mm-hmm Prayer beads. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That what you saying? Interviewer: No a pair of beads 647: #1 oh yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 or a string of beads. # 647: yeah Interviewer: What's that? 647: That's beads what you wear on your neck. Interviewer: uh-huh what did they call it? {NS} 647: Beads that's all I call it me. Interviewer: uh-huh What about something that men used to wear to hold up their pants? 647: Belts? Interviewer: or 647: Suspenders. #1 ha # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {NS} And something you could hold over you when it rains. 647: Umbrella? Interviewer: And the last thing that you put on a bed you know the fancy cover? 647: A spread? Interviewer: uh-huh What about something that people used to make? 647: Quilts? Interviewer: Uh-huh do you ever make those? 647: Oh yeah. There's two that I made mm-hmm. I don't make no blocks though. I buy the material and sew it up together and cov- and make my quilts with but I don't make no quilt blocks. Nah I can't no patient with that I made one quilt with blocks. It was a sail boat it was pretty. Then I started me a fan and made like a fan. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I made a ways and I thought now I'll give it to my sister. Interviewer: ha 647: Now my da- my daughter was here yesterday and my oldest daughter she makes quilt blocks but not me. I don't fool with that I buy the material buy the yarn make that seam straight put the pieces on each side of it. And make them quilt and let 'em {X} piece of rags together. Interviewer: {NW} 647: Too slow {NS} {D: I don't like nothing look go} slow. {C: Bump} {D: Oh it never would nothing go slow.} I ain't go- ge- do things in a hurry. Interviewer: yeah 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: And at the head of the bed you put your head on a? 647: Pillow. Interviewer: Do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow? 647: A bolster? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Yeah you don't see that no more. They don't make that no more. Interviewer: How far across the bed did they go? 647: clean across. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Just across the bed. They be made round about that big. {NS} You put that on to dress your bed. But now you use the pillow I use pillow I hadn't had me a bolster a long time ago. It was when I first got married. and I ain't made {X} using pillows on my bed. Pillows what I see by {X} see all them pillows there on my bed? There's not enough pillows over that spread. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Say if you had a lot of company and didn't have enough beds for everyone {NS} for the children to sleep on 647: On the floor. Interviewer: What was your name for it? 647: Take a mattress off the the bed Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's all I'd do take a mattress of the bed and sle- sleep on the box spring and put the mattress on the floor. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Oh I done that so many time yeah. Interviewer: What would you call that? 647: I'll make a pad on the floor. Interviewer: A what? 647: Pad on the floor. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And um say if you were talking about um corn say you'd say we- this year we raised a big? 647: Crop of corn. Interviewer: uh-huh And the corn would grow out in the? 647: In the field. Interviewer: uh-huh and you say we expect to get a big crop from that field because the soil there is very? 647: The what? Interviewer: The soil is very? 647: Oh rich rich soil. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What different kinds of soil? 647: What different kind of soil? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Oh I don't know I don't know. You got good soil and you got bad soil and things you plant and good soil isn't that good when the soil ain't good don't {X} good. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Me I use fertilizer. #1 um # Interviewer: #2 What di- # Did you ever hear of a soil called loam or loom? 647: mm-mm Interviewer: What about that real sticky kind of soil? 647: Oh an old black soil stick to your foot that's some bad soil there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: I don't know what they call it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of black jack or gumbo? 647: mm-mm Interviewer: What about um the kind of land this kind of flat it's next to a river. 647: Sand? Interviewer: The kind of land 647: Next to the river? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You call that the sand. Interviewer: uh-huh Well I mean did you ever hear of a lowlands or bottomland or 647: #1 mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 bottoms? # 647: No. Interviewer: What about uh a field that may be good for raising hay but not much else? You call that a hay 647: I don't know honey I don't know. Cuz they don't have that here where {D: we landscape. } Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear of a prairie or meadow? 647: Oh yeah a prairie that's out back on- that's in the marshland. You don't plant nothing back there nothing in them in the prairie. Interviewer: What does it look like? 647: Just the land full of water. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Water on the on the land. Interviewer: Is the marsh land is anything growing in the marshland? 647: Mm-mm nothing. Sometimes grass would grow there sometimes. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: But there not no grass nothing in the marshland. Interviewer: Is is salt water or freshwater? 647: Must be salt water I don't never go back there must be salt water yeah. Interviewer: What about where you have um water standing on some land um but you've got trees there growing there. 647: You don't let land trees grow though. It's uh on the flat the river and willow trees willows what {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: willow trees. Interviewer: Well what about that real a wet sort of place? um Say if you wanted to go hunting where would you go hunting around here? 647: In the marshland back there in the marsh. Prairie they call it. They call it the prairie. But they go hunting most of the down the river than what they do here cuz there ain't no hunting around here. Interviewer: {NW} 647: Ain't got nothing down on on that end but down the river. Interviewer: What else besides the marsh do you have? 647: mm? Interviewer: What about something that looks kind of like a marsh only it has trees growing in it? 647: I don't know I ain't never seen that like. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a swamp or swamp? 647: Yeah I hear talk about swamp. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} What's that like? {NS} 647: There's nothing but trees in the water. {C: Knocking} Who is this? Aux1: Earl. 647: Come in. {NS} folks they be going. They don't know what they going to do their families going to starve. {NS} Sure this is no good time here. Interviewer: And say if they cut out those? 647: Closing the bayous yeah. Interviewer: Why are they going to close the bayous? 647: I don't know they want to stop them from shrimping on the #1 inside. # Interviewer: #2 oh yeah # 647: You see? They have to go in deep water and to go in deep water you need big boats. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Big boat you can't go in deep water little boat cuz it'll get downed they got to have big boat until everybody's able to buy them big boat and big boat cost so much of money. See? Big boat cost money. I don't know what they going to do. See me I ain't worried me cuz I know I'm gonna make it. Interviewer: yeah You made it #1 so far. # 647: #2 That's right. # That's right. I made it this far I know I'm gonna make it I tell 'em I'm going to make it me. Cuz I ain't I ain't particular in what I eat I ain't particular in cuz I like to wear you know good clothes. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: But my stomach come first. Interviewer: yeah 647: Yeah stomach come first. Aux2: {NW} 647: Bring it here baby. {NS} That's my little great grandson there. {C: Door closes} Interviewer: {NW} 647: {C: Door} The bad thing. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 647: He gonna follow his grandpa now. All of my children have grandchildren except for one. The baby boy. Interviewer: Say if you had some land that was swampy and you wanted to get the water off the land {NS} what would you say you were going to do to it? 647: Nothing to do to it honey but leave swampy land there. Like the land out back there outside the canal Interviewer: uh-huh 647: can't do nothing with that but leave it there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: You even can't put cattle on it. Can't put nothing on it. It's just a marsh land and you can't do nothing with it. Interviewer: Well if they get the water off #1 the this # 647: #2 even the # Interviewer: #1 # 647: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 647: #2 Yeah buy how? # How they gonna get the water off? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: No way of getting the water off. No way of getting the water off that marsh land back there. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm I mean the water stay on it. They used to have willow trees grow back there they ain't got no more trees grow no more there. All dead all of 'em died. You got nothing that was clean. Interviewer: Cuz of too much water there? 647: I don't know I don't know what the cause of it nobody know what the cause of it. Our {X} used to be full of trees out there But then they bulldozed those trees down to make the levy bigger a long time ago the trees ain't never did grow back. They even planted trees out there but they didn't grow. That would help the levy you see save the levy. {X} let the levy out. They raising the levy up there going down for the water. See me I don't leave nothing worry me. Needed a high river and nothing else I ain't leaving it worry me. I don't worry about nothing. Everything gone up you had to pay a dime som- for five pound of flour. dollar and thirteen cent will get you a dollar fourteen cent {X} for five pound of flour. Used to get that for forty-nine cent thirty-five cents. And meat ah that's gone up sky high. Interviewer: Say um if you had a if it had rained and the water it cut out a little thing like this you'd say? 647: mm Interviewer: You'd call that thing a? 647: A little creek. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about something they have along the side of the road um to carry the water off? 647: A ditch they call it. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 What about some- # 647: #2 That's # supposed to be a ditch out there but that ain't no ditch out there them people got there. Interviewer: {NW} 647: Ditch be dug deeper than that. Interviewer: uh-huh What about something deep much deeper than a ditch where the water is washed out of a big area. 647: Oh I don't know what to call them {D: corn I guess.} Interviewer: uh-huh {D: Do you ever hear of a gully or a holla or a wash?} 647: A what golly? Interviewer: Gully 647: I don't know that gutters? Gutter on a house? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm I got gutter on my house there now. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I ain't through putting gutters I don't know piec- I don't I ain't putting none in the front. I got one piece to put in the back there I asked my son to put it up. Keep on forgetting about it strap put my gutter I got a strap what you put it together and I keep forgetting I need two straps. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I gonna keep forgetting about my gutter just when it go to rain and the rain fall all over my step I think about the gutter. Interviewer: {NW} 647: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Say if you were um # uh cooking something {NS} in a lot of water and you wanted to get the water out. 647: You just leave it boil out or you throw it out. Interviewer: Or you'd you'd 647: Throw it out Interviewer: #1 Turn it up and and # 647: #2 yeah mm-hmm. # If you got too much water throw it out. Interviewer: uh-huh would you say you were draining it or draining it or? 647: mm-hmm Draining the water out of it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: This you mentioned a canal is that something that people dig or does that? 647: #1 A canal? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # uh-huh 647: Canal is uh is big. Interviewer: Is do people dig it or does it? 647: uh-uh dig by drag boat nobody can dig no canal. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm yep send a drag boat dig canal. Interviewer: It's big enough for a big boat to go through there? 647: Oh a good sized boat can go through. A good sized skiff but not a big boat. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm Interviewer: What about a bayou. 647: Oh by anything can go in a bayou. Interviewer: Except not a big boat. 647: Except a ship. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Can't go in that. {NS} Some of them big enough for deep enough for a tug boat to be in. Interviewer: How much how much water does a tug boat need? It doesn't look like it's deep at all. 647: A tug boat don't need that deep I don't believe they need much water for a tug boat some of them maybe. There's some big big tugboat and there's small. There good sized boat passing that canal back there but not the inside canal nor the outside canal. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They got two canal that levy set between two canal back there. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm I ain't never did see the outer canal what they dug back there. Cuz uh you got to cross and uh {NS} they ain't got nothing to cross with you see? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You got a canal to cross to go see the over the levy to see the other canal. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I ain't never did see the last canal they made back there {NS} mm-mm Interviewer: This you mentioned a creek what's the difference between the creek and the bayou? {NS} 647: Well the creek that's just a little bit of place where the water done cut and run in you see? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: A bayou is a big {NS} a bayou is a big big place. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: There have some little bayous and they have big bayous. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {X} in bayou {C: yawning} {X} {C: yawning} {NS} Interviewer: What are the names of some of the creeks or bayous? #1 {X} # 647: #2 What the name of them? # Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Well I don't honey I don't know. You'd ask my son he can tell you the name of all the bayous and creeks back there. But me I don't know I really don't know. Interviewer: What about where you were growing up? 647: Oh where I was growing up I don't know nothing about the bayous there. Interviewer: {NW} 647: I don't know a thing about the bayous I never did go in a bayou 'til after I was married. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Went in bayous with my husband across the river. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: #1 and I rode me with him # Interviewer: #2 Which was- # 647: when we was living on the other side of the river. Interviewer: What's the name of this river? {NS} 647: The Mississippi River. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {D: It's a very Mississippi River.} mm-hmm We used to go cross the river we used to go across the river in a skiff you know. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Pulling the oars like this. And uh {NS} now you don't see that no more nobody got no skiff to go across the river. Interviewer: Is that current very strong? 647: Yeah the current and when the river high {NW} you gotta start cross here and when you hook you might be way down the road or something like that you have to pull up on the other side. Is the current strong in that river when the river high. Now when it's low it ain't got no current not too much. Interviewer: Is it low now? 647: No indeed the river high. Interviewer: It doesn't look like it's that strong. 647: Eh? Interviewer: It doesn't look strong to me. 647: What the current? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Cuz you on the land that's why. But you get in there in a skiff and you find out. Interviewer: {C: Laughing} 647: Not even a big boat not in a gasoline but in a pulling skiff Interviewer: uh-huh 647: you get in there and you see where you going to be at when you get back. Interviewer: {NW} 647: You might start here and end up way down there. Interviewer: I guess nobody tries to swim in there huh? 647: Oh the children in the summer time. The children get out there and swim in the river but they don't go way out you know. It's dangerous swimming in that river. They tell me they gonna they gonna drive a canal around there some day soon but I ain't never hear nothing no more about it. {D: Gonna draw it down the ways somewhere in the canal.} My little grandson almost fell in there. Interviewer: huh 647: Some little bit of boat he was in. {NS} Interviewer: Um say if you have a a screen the water is flowing along suddenly it drops off and goes on over. You call that a? 647: Running over? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of pour over or waterfall? 647: Pearl Pearl River Interviewer: Or pour over or waterfalls. 647: I don't know me. #1 I don't know what you're talking about. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # What's the Pearl River where's that? 647: That's in Mississippi that's in Mississippi if you're talking about Pearl River. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: But yeah this is uh a different river from Pearl River. It flow down they call it the Gulf of Mexico. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: It come into there from the sea. They come in but going out they go into the Gulf. They be in the river Mexico river and go into the Gulf. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Gulf of Mexico. Interviewer: What about a place where the boats could stop and they could unload? 647: Well they're not I don't think they have it down here. They have it up around Ostrica they do all that over there at Ostrica. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: But up in Buras around Buras it has a wharf in Buras and uh {NS} both ships stops up there. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Stop on the other side of the river and load up with all of it and they go back go back to the gulf with it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm They talking about building up um wharf down here somewhere in Venice where the boat the ships to load up Interviewer: uh-huh 647: but I don't know when that gonna be. {NS} Interviewer: You know if if the land goes up like this you have a little rise in land. You'd call that a? 647: Except where the land don't go up here. Interviewer: Well 647: #1 The land # Interviewer: #2 if # 647: downward it not up. Interviewer: uh-huh But just a small rise in land- 647: But the land here they say it's below sea level. It's more low than what the water there. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: The land here there's no rising for this land here that's #1 for sure. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 647: Now if you go up in Mississippi and Alabama all that they have hills they tell me I ain't never did go that far. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: The furthest up {C: yawning} {X} Baton Rouge {X} {NS} {X} school in Baton Rouge Interviewer: uh-huh 647: and I went to um Morgan City with my daughter. It's been a long time {X} people in the city. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Say if you wanted to open the door and you take hold of the door? 647: Kit and open the door. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear of a knob as being something like a hill? 647: mm-mm Interviewer: What about something a whole lot bigger than a hill? They'd call that a? 647: I don't know. Interviewer: You know something really big they wouldn't have it in this area. 647: Mountains? Interviewer: uh-huh #1 And do you kno- # 647: #2 Some # different places going up north have them mountains. Interviewer: uh-huh You know the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp. 647: mm-mm Never been on no mountains. I seen they show 'em on television but I ain't never been around them. Interviewer: uh-huh What different kinds of roads are there around here? 647: Different kind of roads? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I ain't know noth- about different kind of road but they call this here the road let me see they call this road a service road in front here. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And back behind is out back with a highway they call it a four ways uh four ways drive road. They got four ways road out back there. Interviewer: What do you mean a four ways road? 647: Eh? Interviewer: What do you mean? 647: It's a four way {NS} where they goes down on one side they go up. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: On the right side they go up. The left hand side they go down. You see we got two road back there. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You got one on this side and one on the other side. And one on the one on this side you got one on this side goes up and one on this side to go down. On this side they go up on this side on the other half of the road they goes up. And then they have some turn out if you're going if you're going down you got um {NS} places you turn out. {X} for down. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And on the other side of the road one side going down and one side going up. {NS} They call that a four way drive road. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And this one here they call that a service road just don't go all the way up. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: This was a place they called Dead Man Lane up there. Interviewer: They called dead? 647: Dead Man Lane yeah. Dead Man Lane and it go it goes far as the service road round far as Dead Man Lane. Then you catch Dead Lane Man uh Lane and catch the main road Interviewer: uh-huh 647: go up or down. {NS} Interviewer: Why's it called Dead Man Lane? 647: I don't know. I don't know. Interviewer: What is a lane? 647: You see like this right away I got here by my place Interviewer: uh-huh 647: well that's what they call it. Interviewer: It's just a small road? 647: Yeah just a small road. Interviewer: Doesn't have anything on either side. 647: They got pave they got pave on it but it's uh yeah Dead Man Lane is paved. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: just like back there. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Yeah but it's a {X} You want to come to the front here and come to front road on and be over to the back where you can go to the back road on. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's all {X} run from road to road. Interviewer: What do you call the white hard paved roads? 647: What you call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh with that white stuff on top. 647: That's paved in front just black top. Interviewer: uh-huh What is- 647: Out back it's paved road. Interviewer: What do they um make the blacktop out of. 647: Tar. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That made out of tar. Interviewer: And 647: Tar and some kind of other stuff when they put that down there there's there's hot there's hot hot hot. Interviewer: mm 647: And they pass roll on it while it's as hot cuz if you leave it get cool you can't do nothing with it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: While it's as hot though {C: Dog barking} they try to big try to with a roller they rolling it down flatten it down uh-huh. And you can't stand your feet on that neither when it's like that down. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: It be well and hot. {C: Dog} mm-hmm {C: Dog} Interviewer: What about if they don't pave a road? 647: That just be a mud road. Interviewer: Or if they put little 647: Or if they black top it or or if they don't put nothing on it they put {C: Dog} the road before had just shell you see that my rattle we got back on back there. It use just used to be shells then they pave it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: {C: Dog} What about uh uh Something uh along the side of the street for people to walk on? 647: um They call it a shoulder the road. Interviewer: No in town something along the side of the street. 647: Oh the banquette? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm a banquette. They calls it a banquette. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Do they still call it that? 647: Yeah they still call it that. {NS} Nothing where the cars pass is the street and where the people pass is the banquette. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Yeah they still call it that. Interviewer: Say if um if you're walking along the road and an animal jumps out and scares you you say I picked up a 647: Who's gonna pick up any- you ain't nothing to pick up. Interviewer: uh Something hard you say I picked up a 647: A stone or something? Interviewer: and I 647: Pitched it at him. Interviewer: mm-kay and If you went to someones house and knocked on the door and nobody answered you say well I guess he's not? 647: Not home. Interviewer: And if someone is walking in your direction you say he's coming straight? 647: mm in my direction? Interviewer: he's walking straight 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: what me? 647: Towards me yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh And if you went into town and happened to see someone you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to run 647: Run across one I wasn't expecting to see. Interviewer: uh-huh Say if a a little girl is given the same name that her mother has you say they named the girl? 647: After the mother. Interviewer: And something that people drink for breakfast? 647: What milk? Coffee? Interviewer: uh-huh Say if if you wanted some coffee but there weren't any ready you'd say I guess I have to go? 647: Make some. Interviewer: uh-huh And talking about putting milk in your coffee you'd say some people like it? 647: Some people like milk and some don't. Interviewer: uh-huh Some people like their coffee 647: With plenty of milk Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 647: #2 and # some of 'em don't. Interviewer: #1 What do you # 647: #2 Some # like it black and some like plenty of milk. Interviewer: uh-huh What do you call coffee that doesn't have milk in it? Besid- 647: Black coffee. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people say drinking coffee barefooted? 647: mm-mm Interviewer: Or black coffee? {NS} 647: No I'm you say I'm gonna drink it black I don't use no milk. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: You say most uh Some people will eat cornflakes dry but most people like 647: Like milk in. Interviewer: uh-huh most people like them how? 647: With milk. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 And you tell # 647: #2 Milk # and sugar. Interviewer: uh-huh You tell a child now you can eat what's put before you or you can do 647: Do without. Interviewer: mm-kay 647: hmm Interviewer: And You'd say this morning I what breakfast at seven-oh clock? 647: mm-hmm Fix you some grits and butter uh grits and uh bacon and eggs and they don't want that well. Interviewer: mm-hmm 647: Nothing you can do for 'em unless you give 'em some cereal. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And sometimes they don't want that. Interviewer: But if they did want it you'd say well he finally? 647: Finally make up his mind to eat it. Interviewer: And so then he 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: He went ahead and 647: Yeah Interviewer: What did he do? 647: Do without {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {C: Vehicle} {NS} 647: You don't want it you do without it that's all. {C: Vehicle} {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {C: Vehicle} {NS} You say I 647: #1 hmm? # Interviewer: #2 I got # up at about six-oh clock this morning. 647: And fix you breakfast. Interviewer: And then I sat down and I I fixed it then I sat down and? 647: Relaxed? Interviewer: uh-huh And something that is made out of corn it's kind of like grits #1 only # 647: #2 The # cornmeal. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You got cornmeal and you got cream of wheat. Interviewer: What about something where they grind the corn up coarsely? 647: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever hear of lye corn or hominy? # 647: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 647: Yeah I hear talk of that. You ever ate that? Interviewer: Why's that? 647: Corn hominy corn you cook it. Interviewer: I haven't. 647: It's kind of big cross big corn is crack corn like. Interviewer: huh 647: Oh I had seen that when I was smaller I wouldn't know how you fix it no more now. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I forgot a lot of things I done forgot you get old and you forget the. Interviewer: Yeah 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Say if you were real thirsty you might say I went over to the sink and I poured myself a? 647: Glass of water. Interviewer: And you say the glass fell off the sink and? 647: Broke. Interviewer: So somebody has done what to the glass somebody has? 647: mm I don't know. Interviewer: Well you say that glass has been? 647: It was dirty? Interviewer: Or it's it's someone dropped it so now it's what? 647: Broke? Cracked? Interviewer: And if you were real thirsty you might say I what a glass of water? 647: Do what you say? Interviewer: If you were thirsty you'd say I? 647: Drank the glass of water. Interviewer: uh-huh And you'd ask me how much water have you? 647: Drank? Interviewer: And You know when you're plowing 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: you know the the things that the plow cuts you call those? 647: The mud? Interviewer: huh? 647: The mud. Interviewer: What? Well I mean the ditches sort of you call that the? 647: A ditch. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You can't make no ditch with no plow. Interviewer: Well you know it goes up- 647: Make they're for making rows. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: You know when you're plowing 647: Yeah and you making rows to plant things on. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: When you're plowing with two horses What do you call the one that walks in the furrow? 647: I don't know you uh you hardly can plow make no rows with two horses you got to use one horse I believe. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear people talk about an off horse or a nigh-horse 647: mm-mm Interviewer: or lead horse? 647: mm-mm I didn't. Interviewer: When you're plowing with the horse what do you have to guide him with? 647: There plow line on each side. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {C: Vehicle} Interviewer: What about when you're riding on him? {NS} 647: You got to have a bridle. A stiff bit Interviewer: uh-huh 647: they call it. Interviewer: Or you you hold the 647: mm-hmm the stiff bit Interviewer: uh-huh Do you have lines when you're plowin- when you're riding him or 647: mm-mm Interviewer: reigns or? 647: You got a stiff bit and you got a strap on it that you hold. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What do you put your feet in? 647: The saddle the strap on the saddle. Interviewer: uh-huh Or there's a little thing that you you put your feet in you call that? 647: I don't know what you call honey. I don't know what you call it. I don't know the name of it but I know it's on the saddle. Interviewer: Yeah. 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: You might tell someone well I don't know exactly how far away it is but it's just a 647: A few miles. Interviewer: Or just a little 647: About a half a mile a half a {D: league} or something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh You say he lives just a little what down the road just a little? 647: Just a little piece down the road? Interviewer: uh-huh And if you had been traveling and you still had about {NS} five-hundred miles to go you'd say you still had a? 647: A long ways to go. Interviewer: uh-huh And if something was real common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you can find that just about? 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: just about 647: Yeah {X} You can find it yourself just by walking and looking. Interviewer: uh-huh {X} 647: I asked somebody or asked someone somebody for it. Interviewer: uh-huh Or you can find that just about any- 647: Anywhere? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And if someone slipped on the ice and fell this way you say you fell over? 647: Fell over on the ice. Interviewer: Or he fell in this direction you say he fell over? 647: Backwards Interviewer: And this way? 647: Frontwards? Interviewer: And if you had been fishing and I ask you if you had caught any fish you might say no? 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What a one no 647: No I didn't catch no fish today. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever say nary one? 647: Huh? Interviewer: Do you ever say I didn't catch nary one? 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: How would you say that? 647: I didn't catch nary on- nary a fish today. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you say you did what to the land? 647: Clean the land up. Interviewer: And you say wheat is tied up into a 647: Wheat? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't know what tied up wheat up I never did made grow no wheat. Interviewer: What about fodder? 647: hmm? Interviewer: Did you ever pull fodder? 647: What that is? Interviewer: The corn? 647: Oh corn no Interviewer: ha {NS} 647: uh-uh {NS} Interviewer: Talking about {NS} how much wheat you got to an acre {C: Vehicle} {NS} you might say{C: Vehicle} {NS} we raised forty {C: Vehicle} {NS} 647: Forty what forty {X} Interviewer: We're talking talking about a bushel you'd say we raised forty? 647: Forty bushels? Interviewer: And what do you do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 647: Honey I don't know. Interviewer: {NW} 647: I don't know nothing about oats. Interviewer: They never had that 647: #1 mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 647: No. Never grew no oats here. Interviewer: Say if there was something that we had to do today just the two of us you could say we'll have to do it or you could say? you say you and I will have to do it or me and you will have to do it. 647: mm-hmm you and I will have to do it. Interviewer: uh-huh What if you were talking about some man and yourself? You'd say? 647: mm I don't know. {C: mumbles} Interviewer: What do you say? He doesn't want just you or just me for this job he wants. 647: Want more than uh more than me for that job. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 You say he wants # 647: #2 That he # needs someone else. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 647: #2 for the job. # Interviewer: Well you say he wants all two of us or both of us or 647: mm-hmm both of us. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And if you knock at the door and somebody asks who's there and you know they recognize your voice you'd say its? 647: It's here? Interviewer: huh? 647: It's here? Interviewer: #1 or # 647: #2 Or you're not here? # Interviewer: Or they ask you who's there you'd say its? 647: mm I don't know that {NS} Interviewer: You say it's I or it's me? 647: mm-hmm You say it's me I don- um it's me. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh And if it was some man you'd say it's? 647: It's a man. Interviewer: Or if I say is that Jim at the door you'd say yeah that was? 647: It was- I don't know. Interviewer: Well you say that was he or that was him or? 647: I don't know honey how to say it {X} I don't know. {C: mumbles} I don't know. {NS} Say that's him I guess. Interviewer: mm-kay and if it's a woman you'd say it's? 647: Well it's her. Interviewer: And there's two people. 647: Well you say it's both of 'em two people at the door. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: #1 two # Interviewer: #2 And talking # talking about how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall as? 647: He's short. Interviewer: Or talking about yourself you say he isn't as tall as? 647: As me. Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall? 647: As him. Interviewer: And he can do that better? 647: Better than I can. Interviewer: And if something belongs to me then you'd say it's? 647: It's mine. Interviewer: And I might say uh this isn't mine this is? 647: Yours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to both of us it's? 647: Then it's for both of us. Interviewer: It's not just yours 647: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 or just mine it's? # 647: For both of us. Interviewer: It's ou- Who's is it it's? 647: For both of us I say me. Interviewer: uh-huh And if it belongs to them then it's? 647: It belongs to them. Interviewer: So it's it's not ours #1 it's? # 647: #2 it's not ours it's yours. # Interviewer: Well if it's belongs to them then it's it's not ours it's? It's thei- If it belongs to him then you'd say it's? 647: It's his. Interviewer: And if it belongs to her? 647: It's hers. Interviewer: And if you were talking to a whole group of people say if they were fixing to leave your house after visiting you. You'd say well I hope? 647: Come back again. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 I hope- # How would you say that? 647: I hope you come back again. Interviewer: Would you say you if you were talking to a whole group? 647: No I'd just tell 'em that I hope y'all come back again. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: So it'd mean for all of them. Interviewer: uh-huh would you ever say y'all to just one person? 647: No. When it's just one person you say well you can come back again whenever you get ready. Interviewer: uh-huh And if there's a group of people at your house and you're asking them about all of their coats you know everybody's coats you'd say well where are? 647: Where are your coats? Interviewer: Would you ever say where are y'all's coats? 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: {NS} How how would you say that? {NS} 647: Aw I don't know just I'll say your coat which is your coat? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Which one is your coat cuz everybody know their own things you see? Interviewer: mm-hmm And if there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and you were asking about what people had gone you'd say well? 647: What th- how the party went on or something I don't know some kind of thing like that. Interviewer: Or asking about the people you'd say well was at the party you'd say? 647: Who was at the party? Interviewer: uh-huh Would you ever say who all was at the party? 647: mm-hmm Ask who all was at the party. Interviewer: uh-huh Say if there was a group of children that obviously belong to more than one family. You'd ask about them children are they you'd say well? 647: Who all the children is for? Interviewer: huh? 647: Who all the children is for? Interviewer: uh-huh Would you ever say who all's children are they or who's children are they? 647: Who's children are they yeah. Interviewer: And if there had been a a speech that you hadn't been able to hear {NS} and you're asking about you know everything that the speaker said {NS} you'd ask well? Did he say? You'd say. 647: I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever say what did he say or what all did he say? 647: I guess I would. {NS} Interviewer: How would you say that? 647: Well what did he spoke about? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't do what I say what did he what did he spoke about? Interviewer: #1 And # 647: #2 What # was the speech that he said? Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Talking about kinds of animals the kind of animal that barks? 647: Barks? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I just know a dog barks me. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 Say if you- # 647: #2 The only # thing I know that barks is a dog. Interviewer: uh-huh If you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him? 647: I don't know. I don't get in dog fighting me. Well if you wanted your dog to attack a person what would you tell him? Tell him catch him. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Them get him. Something like that. Interviewer: What would you call a mixed breed dog if you didn't know what kind he was? 647: mm-mm {X} I don't know what kind of dog I got back {D: that time. } Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Some of them tell me he's a poodle I don't know what he is. I know I had a collie. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {NS} And a car killed it that sure was a good dog. Interviewer: {C: sighs} 647: I had a cow and you see when I turn loose that little dog Interviewer: uh-huh 647: he would take that dog he'd a hold that chain in his mouth and he'd walk that dog all over. If he's go over there with it he's go over bothering cattle and I tell him {D: and he'd be- I say Hexter go get my puppy.} Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {D: Go get him and bring him here Hexter.} {NS} He'd go and get that dog and bring him there by the chain. And he'd lay down and he'd put he'd hold that chain in his mouth and he'd put one foot on top of that chain {NS} and the puppy couldn't go he had to stay there. Interviewer: huh 647: And it went right from here it went behi- out back and a car killed my dog. Interviewer: {C: sighs} 647: And my daughter call me and tell me a car hit my dog. I was putting my coat on to go and see about my dog and she say he dead mama. I said well get the children to put him on the side 'til they come from school. And they push him on the side {X} and roll over. And when they came back my little grandson buried him back there. Interviewer: {NW} 647: My daughter gave me that little dog on mother's day. He was black and brown. It was a good dog that dog {D: sure do miss him} {NS} Interviewer: What uh what would you call those little r- 647: Oh lord! {C: Yawning} {X} {C: Yawning} Interviewer: huh? 647: Some little bitty dog? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: A chihuahua dog? Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear of a feist? 647: A what? Interviewer: Feist. 647: mm-mm Interviewer: What about just a worthless dog who wasn't much good for anything? 647: He couldn't do anything? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {D: Isn't a cayoudle like that? } Interviewer: Does what? 647: {D: They call him a cayoudle.} Interviewer: uh-huh What did they look like? 647: Common dog. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} {D: What does a cayoudle look like?} 647: It's just like a dog but it's a rough dog or eat anything and run all over. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Say if you had a real mean dog you might tell someone you'd better be careful that dog will? 647: Will bite you. Interviewer: You say yesterday the dog? 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What somebody? Yesterday he? 647: Bite somebody got after somebody. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: mm-hmm {D: Yeah them dogs.} Interviewer: uh-huh You say that the person had to go to the doctor after he got? Got bite? Got bit. uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you ever say after he got dog bit? 647: Yeah You got to go get a shot when you get bite from a dog. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: If he didn't take no no uh no rabies shot. Interviewer: uh-huh And the kinds of animals that you plow with you call those? 647: You don't plow with no animal but a horse. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's all I see plow with. Interviewer: Well what about those animals that have the long ears? 647: What you talking about a mule? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: {NW} That's a mule. Interviewer: Say if you had two of those hitched together you'd call that a? 647: A mule. Interviewer: Or if you have two of them? 647: Two mules. Interviewer: You'd say you have a? 647: A pair of mules. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: It's a pair. Interviewer: And talking about the horses you'd say everyone around here likes to #1 what? # 647: #2 Rides # a horse. Interviewer: Because they like to what horses? 647: Ride horses? Interviewer: uh-huh You say yesterday he what his horse? 647: Rode his horse. Interviewer: You'd say but I have never 647: Rode a horse. Interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on you'd say you fell 647: mm-hmm I never got on a horse back then. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: Never ride no horse. {C: Vehicle} {NS} Interviewer: Well say somebody who couldn't stay on you'd say they fell? 647: Fell down fell off the horse. Interviewer: uh-huh Say if a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I guess I must've? 647: He fell out of the bed. Interviewer: And you know the things that um you put on the horses feet you call those the? 647: The shoe what you put on the horse? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Leave it on the horse feet. Interviewer: uh-huh What about a game that you play with those? 647: I don't know nothing about no game there never did play no game with that. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Which I never did play no kinda games me Interviewer: What part of the horses feet do you nail the shoe on to? 647: hmm I don't know. I don't know where they nail 'em in but I know they they put 'em on there with nails. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: What foot they nail them on I don't know somehow they help. Interviewer: uh-huh So before you put the shoes on you have to trim all of the horses? 647: Hoof. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I never put the shoe. Interviewer: How many talking about this hoof how many does this horse have? 647: You have four four foots. Interviewer: And four? 647: Four shoes. Interviewer: There talking about this hoof he has four? 647: Four hoof {X} on each leg. Interviewer: uh-huh um The kind of animal that you milk you call that a? 647: A cow. Interviewer: What about the male? {NS} What do you call him? 647: A bull. Interviewer: uh-huh Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 647: I don't know that they used to use they used to call them an ox. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: But their name is a bull. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: An ox is when you castrate him. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's what you call an ox and a bull when he not he not castrated you know. Interviewer: Then say you were gonna castrate him what how else would they say that? 647: That's the only way I know it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear prim him or mark him or cut him? 647: mm-mm You can mark a bu- mark ca- animal with uh with an iron with you initial in and you have to warm it an mark 'em with it Interviewer: uh-huh um The little cow when it's first born is called a? 647: A calf. Interviewer: And if it's a female it's a? 647: They call it a heifer. Interviewer: And if it's a male? 647: A bull. Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say she was going to? 647: Getting a calf is all Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Gonna get a calf. Interviewer: And a female horse is called a? 647: A mare. Interviewer: And a male? 647: A male that's a that's a a stallion. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about the male sheep? 647: Oh got me no I don't know nothing about that. Interviewer: Do you know about the female? 647: mm-mm Interviewer: #1 What if- # 647: #2 I never # did see no sheep. Interviewer: uh-huh What do people raise sheep for? 647: I don't know. They make clothes with the wool. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: What you cut off her. Interviewer: um {NS} The animals that you get bacon from you call those? {NS} 647: Hog. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's hog meat. {C: distant} {X} {C: walking away?} {NS} {X} They tell me to be in school I don- what's wrong with those children? Here's what I tell you things have changed. And see my children I tell them never to be out of school I raise ten eleven children one grandson. Ten of my own and one of my grandson {NS} and children went to school and children never was put out of school for nothing. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Never was put out of school. And yet these children here now they all time out of school. They all the time put out of school for something. Sometimes a whole bunch of 'em out back there is out of school. The siste- those sisters the big sisters they all out of school. It's so bad. Interviewer: Their mother just doesn't make them go? 647: That's what it is these mothers don't raise their children right. {D: The children ain't raided like they used to be raised.} They go and the fight the school teacher I tell 'em they ain't got no business fighting no school teacher. You go to school to learn you ain't go to school to fight or be sassy. I don't like sassy children. {NS} Me and sassy children don't go. {NS} Interviewer: ha {C: Vehicle} {NS} 647: {D: I don't like no children with sassy. } {NS} I like good children. {NS} Interviewer: um {NS} You know the hogs {NS} when they're first born you call them a? 647: {D: A cork} Interviewer: Huh? 647: {D: A cork} Interviewer: Oh the hog. 647: A hog? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Oh you call them a little pig I know. Interviewer: uh-huh What about when they get a little bit bigger? {NS} 647: I guess they still a pig. {NS} Interviewer: And if they're a female you call them a? 647: {NW} {C: Laughing} {NS} You know what they call them. Don't you know what they call a female hog? Interviewer: What? 647: A sow. Interviewer: uh-huh Does that word sound kind of bad to you? 647: I don't like that word mm-mm You? It how do it sound to you? Interviewer: Huh how does it sound to me? 647: Yeah saying a sow. Interviewer: I didn't grow up hearing the word. So I mean it doesn't sound you know. 647: It don't sound bad to you? And how about a a female dog call them a jib that don't sound bad? Interviewer: I didn't he- learn that word until recently 647: You didn't learn that word? I likes to say a she dog me. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't like to say no jib. Interviewer: What about the male hog what do you call him? 647: A boar hog. Interviewer: uh-huh Does that sound bad to you? 647: mm-mm that don't {C: bump} sound so bad. But I don't like all them old kind of word me I don't know. Interviewer: What if what if the boar hog what if he's been castrated then you call him a 647: A hog. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: A hog I believe. I think that's what they call 'em. {NS} Interviewer: And you know the stiff hairs that a hog has on it's back 647: hmm Interviewer: #1 What # 647: #2 What's that? # Interviewer: You know the #1 same # 647: #2 They gives a # hair is all I call it a hair me. Interviewer: uh-huh What about on a hair brush? You have a? 647: Real stiff hair brush? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That looks like that's hog hair here it's so stiff. Interviewer: uh-huh They call those the bris- 647: I don't know what they call it. Interviewer: And the big teeth that a hog has 647: {D: They call them tudges.} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} And the thing you put the food in for the hog? 647: There's a trough where you put for hog. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What would you call- # 647: #2 {X} # Interviewer: huh? 647: You feed the hog in a trough. Interviewer: uh-huh What would you call a hog that's grown up wild? 647: A wild hog that's all. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: A wild hog. {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth {NS} and they were getting hungry you'd say you had to go feed the? 647: The horses and the mules. Interviewer: uh-huh Would you ever call them the critters or the stock? 647: I hear people call them stock too. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What if you were talking about turkeys and chickens and geese and so forth? You'd say you had to go feed the? 647: Go feed uh sa- uh go feed my chickens I ain't never fooled with no geese and turkey. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Go feed my chicken but not no turkey near no geese. {NW} {C: Sneeze} Interviewer: If it's time to {NS} to feed the s- stock and do your chores you'd say that it's? 647: It's time to feed him. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear people say it's feeding time or fodder time? 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What did they say? 647: What they say about what time to feed your animals? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's what I say me time to feed the animals. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Time to feed your horses or something. Interviewer: And you know the noise that a calf makes when it's being weened? You'd say the calf began to? 647: The calf make noise? Interviewer: uh-huh What kind of noise does a calf make? 647: I don't know me. They hollers I know. {NS} Interviewer: huh? 647: They hollering but they don't I don't know how {D: you know hollers} Interviewer: What about a cow what noise does she make? 647: Oh she make a funny noise too. Interviewer: You say she does what? 647: Oh I forgot how you say it. I forgot how you say that. Interviewer: What about a horse? 647: A horse hollers. Interviewer: mm-hmm Say if you wanted to call a cow to get her to come to you how would you do that? 647: Well you call her by her name and she come to you. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Well I ain't never had nothing to cal- that I had to call I call them me. Interviewer: uh-huh How would you call a calf? 647: How you call a calf? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You don't call them I don't think you call no calf. They comes to their mother when you when they want to come to her. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: What would you say to a to get her to stand still so you could milk her. 647: Well you just tell 'em to keep still. For you to milk 'em you tell 'em to keep still. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} What do you say to a mule or a horse to make them turn left or right when you're plowing? 647: Honey I don't know I don't know. {NS} I ain't never did plow no horses #1 {D: just had mule}. # Interviewer: #2 Ha # {NS} Did you ever hear anybody call a horse? 647: uh-uh Interviewer: What about to get him started you tell the horse? 647: Get up I guess something like that. Interviewer: And to stop her? 647: Move. Interviewer: And to back up? 647: Tell him back up. Interviewer: And ho- #1 did you eve- # 647: #2 You # pull on the rope Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 647: #2 tell 'em to # back up. Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody call sheep? 647: No I ain't never did see a live sheep. Interviewer: What about hogs? 647: I seen hog but I ain't never seen no sheep. Interviewer: How would people call hogs? 647: They don't call 'em they they have 'em in a pen you don't have to call 'em. Interviewer: uh-huh What about chickens? 647: Oh I used to call chicken but I don't call no more chicken now. Interviewer: How did you use to call them? 647: I don't know I forgot. {NS} I don't ever call my chicken I just throw feed time and let 'em come get it. Interviewer: ha. What different um kind of bread do people make out of flour? 647: You can make biscuit bread and you can make light bread. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And you make cakes. {NS} That's all the different I know. Interviewer: What do people put in light bread to make it rise? 647: Oh you got to buy you got to make yeast for it. #1 And then make # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 647: your bread. And put your bread there and let your bread rise and put it in the stove put it in a pan let it rise and put it in the stove. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And bake it. I don't even know how to make no more bread I ain't make bread in so long. Interviewer: ha You say there's two kinds of bread there's home made bread 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: and then there's What you buy at the store you call that? 647: Bread buying from the baker. uh-huh That's not homemade bread Interviewer: #1 that's? # 647: #2 No # uh-uh Homemade bread you make your bread yourself. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: And bake it yourself in your stove. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's what you call homemade bread. Interviewer: What about the other kind of bread? 647: Biscuit bread? Interviewer: No that you buy at the store. You call that? 647: Bread buying it from the baker Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 647: #2 I # call it baker's bread me. Interviewer: uh-huh And talking about how much flour you might buy you might buy a sack that has five? {NS} 647: Oh I don't know I don't buy no sack of flour. {NS} Interviewer: How much how much flour did a sack have? 647: Ninety-eight pound. Interviewer: uh-huh What about something that you make up a batter and you fry three or four of these for breakfast? 647: Pancake? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: You like pancake and syrup? Interviewer: Yeah. 647: I don't eat that. I used to like that I don't like that no more. Interviewer: uh-huh What about something people would make they fry it in deep fat and it has a hole in the center? {NS} 647: What it is? I don't know. It has a hole in the center? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: What they frying in what? Interviewer: In deep fat. 647: I don't know I never did s- Interviewer: Do you ever hear of doughn- 647: Doughnut that's what you talking about? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: They fry doughnuts in fat? Interviewer: How do you make doughnuts? 647: I don't know I buy doughnuts {X} me I don't make no doughnuts. {C: mumbling} Interviewer: #1 What sort of # 647: #2 If I don't # know how to make uh-huh I don't guess. Interviewer: What sort of things do you make out of cornmeal? 647: {NW} {C: Yawning} Cornbread. {C: Yawning} Just about all I make out of cornmeal. Interviewer: What about taking just the cornmeal and salt and water and making something that you can eat with a spoon? 647: I don't know I ain't never did make that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of mush or cush-cush? 647: Yeah I hear talk of that but I ain't never did made that I don't know how you make it. Interviewer: What's that? 647: Cush-cush I made it cornbread I know how to make cornbread. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 647: I use that. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of mush? 647: uh-uh Do you ever hear of a corn dodger? {C: 678 yawns} No what that is I don't know what that is. I don't know what kind of what that is {X} I don't know I don't know much about them things. {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} the inside part of an egg you call that? 647: The yolk of the egg. Interviewer: uh-huh What color is that? 647: The egg is yellow. Interviewer: huh? 647: The egg is yellow. Interviewer: uh-huh And if you cook them in hot water you call them? 647: Boiled egg? Interviewer: What if you #1 Crack # 647: #2 Well break egg # break egg in ho- in warm water? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Poach eggs? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Shoot I don't eat that. Interviewer: ha {NS} 647: That's too nasty ew. I don't eat poach eggs. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: That's what the doctor told me poach eggs I don't {X} {NS} I don't like boiled either you see boiled eggs everyone. I'm supposed to eat two boiled eggs for breakfast. Oh {D: I ate meat when I then stopped to eat meat I don't eat no egg} boiled eggs. I get tired of all this stuff. Poach eggs I don't eat that at all. Interviewer: You know um the kind of pork the kind of salter um pork you can use for boiling with greens 647: What's that? Interviewer: the kind of meat you use for boiling with greens. 647: What kind of meat I don't know I don't know about that. Interviewer: You know that real fat salt pork? 647: Oh. You use that for putting in greens? Interviewer: uh-huh What would you call that kind of meat? 647: Fat meat. Interviewer: uh-huh What about when you cut the side of the hog? What do you call that? 647: I don't know. Cut the side of the hog? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't know. Interviewer: Well the kind of meat that you buy sliced now to eat with eggs. 647: Oh bacon? Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear people talk about a side of bacon or a middling of bacon? 647: mm-mm I just go ahead and buy bacon here I don't know if it's the side or middle or what. Interviewer: uh-huh What about the edge of the bacon what they cut off before they slice it? {NS} 647: I don't know I ain't never seen it. {NS} Interviewer: And you could take the trimmings and slice them up and grind them and season them and you'd make? 647: That makes a pork sausage? Interviewer: uh-huh What about the person who kills and sells meat he's called a? 647: Butcher. Interviewer: And if meat's been kept too long you say that it's done what? 647: Spoiled? Interviewer: And what do you make with the inside parts of the hog what inside parts do you eat? 647: I don't eat nothing like that sure. I don't eat pork at all I don't fool with it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: I don't worry with no pork meat. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of the chit? 647: Chitlin chitlins that what they call? Interviewer: uh-huh 647: Yeah I don- yeah I don't eat that either you eat that? Interviewer: I hadn't ever had it. 647: I don't eat that. {NS} Interviewer: What about um {NS} the other inside parts that they eat? {C: Vehicle} {NS} 647: What inside parts? {C: Vehicle} Interviewer: Of a hog. {NS} Do you ever hear of a harslet or haslet? 647: mm-mm I don't ever hear talk of that. Interviewer: What can they make with the meat from the head? 647: hog head cheese. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear of anything called scrapple or pon haus? 647: uh-uh What I don't know what that is. Interviewer: What about something they can make from the liver? 647: I don't know I never knowed nothing to make with no liver. Interviewer: Do you ever hear them make anything out of the blood? 647: Blood sausage yeah. Oh my lord. {C: yawning} Interviewer: How did they make the blood sausage? 647: I don't know. I don't know cuz I don't know where I was at. Interviewer: uh-huh Say if you had some butter that was kept too long and the butter didn't taste right you'd say the butter was? 647: Rank. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And this is something like a fruit pie only it has several layers of fruit and dough in it? 647: What a fruit cake? Interviewer: Of course maybe if you made it out of apples you call it a? 647: Apple pie? Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever hear of an apple cobbler or an apple slump or? 647: Yeah I hear talk of apple cobbler. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And you might take milk or cream and mix that with sugar and pour it over pie you'd call that a? 647: Put milk and sugar over pie? Interviewer: uh-huh Just a a sweet liquid. 647: I never seen it. Interviewer: uh-huh Say if someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his? 647: His food. Interviewer: And food taken between regular meals you'd call that a? 647: mm I don't know. Interviewer: Well say you've already eaten dinner but then you go in and {NS} 647: Eat between meal? {C: Vehicle} {NS} Interviewer: And fix yourself something to eat around the middle of the afternoon {C: vehicle} 647: oh {C: Vehicle} Interviewer: you'd call that a? 647: Eating between meal. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Do you ever call that a bite or a snack or a lunch? 647: Yes uh yeah lunch or a snack. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table you'd tell them to go ahead and? {NS} 647: Eat your dinner. Interviewer: Or they're standing up you tell them? 647: Sit down and eat your dinner. Interviewer: mm-kay So you'd say so then he went ahead and what down. 647: And he wha- what you say? {NS} Interviewer: You s- say he was standing up and then he? 647: Sat down. Interviewer: mm-kay And you say {NS} nobody else was standing because everybody had done what? {NS} 647: eaten their dinner eaten their meal. Interviewer: Or had what down no one else was standing because they had all. 647: Sat down. Interviewer: And if you want somebody not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to them you tell them just go ahead and? Say there's the potatoes on the table you might tell someone just go ahead and? 647: Help yourself. Interviewer: So you'd say so he went ahead and? 647: mm Interviewer: and what himself? 647: Served his self Interviewer: Or you told him to help himself #1 you'd say then he? # 647: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: He went ahead and and what himself to the potatoes? 647: I don't know honey. {NS} Interviewer: Say if someone offers you some food that you don't want you'd say no thank you I don't? 647: I don't want it. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm Interviewer: And if food's been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been? {NS} 647: has been served already. {NS} Interviewer: uh-huh {C: Vehicle} {NS} You say it's {C: Vehicle} {NS} yet over or warmed up? {C: Vehicle} {NS} 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: You put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 647: Say what? Interviewer: huh? 647: What? Interviewer: You put food in your mouth and then you do what? 647: {NW} Interviewer: Or with your teeth? {NS} You put the food in your mouth and then you do what to it? 647: Eat it? Interviewer: Well with your teeth first of all you? 647: First of all with your teeth what? Interviewer: You go like this you. {NS} 647: You eating it. You eating your food. Interviewer: Or you're breaking the food up you say you're? 647: mm-hmm Chewing your food. Interviewer: uh-huh You say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't? 647: mm-hmm It's hard something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh You say it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't? 647: Couldn't swallow it. Interviewer: uh-huh And peas and beats and carrots and so forth that you grow you call those? 647: {D: See I remember peas. } Interviewer: Or they're all different kinds of? 647: Frui- uh um vegetables. Interviewer: huh? 647: All different kind of vegetables. Interviewer: uh-huh um And whiskey that's made out in the woods you call that? {NS} 647: Got me about that whiskey cuz I don't make that. Interviewer: Ha Did you ever hear of people making it? {NS} 647: Not down here. Interviewer: What about beer that people would make themselves? 647: {X} {NS} Nobody ever make beer down here I don't think. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Say if something was cooking and it made a good impression on you you'd tell somebody just? That just? 647: {D: what?} Interviewer: You walk into the kitchen and tell me just that food just? 647: Good? Interviewer: uh-huh Would you say just smell it or #1 smell of it? # 647: #2 Smell # good or. Interviewer: uh-huh 647: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say this isn't imitation maple syrup this is? This is gen- This isn't imitation this is? 647: mm Oh lord I don't know. {D: you got me I don't call that. } Interviewer: You'd say this is real this is genu- You say it's genuine or genuine? 647: mm {D: I don't} {NS} Interviewer: Want to stop and check and take me just minute to make sure it's recording alright. Now first of all would you give me your full name? 657X: R-E-H-N-R-I A Interviewer: And your home address? 657X: And down in the {X} which is one of the oldest sections in the city. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm And where were you born? 657X: In New Orleans. Just above the {X}. Interviewer: Your age? 657X: Eighty-six. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh see what parish is this? 657X: This is Orleans. Interviewer: And state of course? 657X: Louisiana. Interviewer: And your occupation? 657X: Well I've uh right now I um really am a mentor and adviser to the uh consulates. But uh I was originally a salesman and vice president at the corporation which sold to the uh Stuart Enterprises. And uh I still do selling occasionally when they have some special {D:counts}. Interviewer: What is Stuart Enterprises? 657X: Stuart Enterprise is a holding company that owns about six four about twelve or fifteen cemeteries. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: And also several funeral homes from Florida to Texas. Interviewer: Oh And your religion? 657X: I'm Roman Catholic. 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Could you tell me something about your education? What schools you attended and what grades? 657X: Well I uh went to the uh I was educated in public schools. And I attended {X} sixteen which was the elementary school. And then I graduated from Warren Easton Boys High School in New Orleans. The balance of my education was self-inflicted. Interviewer: mm What particular areas were you interested #1 in? # 657X: #2 History. # Interviewer: mm-hmm Particularly local history? 657X: Well um the general uh I'm pretty well versed in uh Louisiana and New Orleans uh history but uh I'm quite interested in the English and French history. Interviewer: mm-hmm What sort of organizations do you belong to? 657X: Several of the preservationist organizations. The Louisiana Landmarks Louisiana Historical Society. I'm a member of the uh society of the war of eighteen twelve. Interviewer: Does that mean that you had ancestors in the #1 {X} # 657X: #2 My # My uh grandfather fought in the Battle of New Orleans at the age of nineteen. Interviewer: mm-hmm Have you traveled much? 657X: Yes I have done some traveling. I've been over the greater part of the United States and uh and Mexico. And then I've been in uh Europe uh Spain France England and Ireland Italy. And now I'm preparing to go to Germany and Austria. Interviewer: mm That will be your first trip there? 657X: It'll be my first trip to the {X} countries. Interviewer: Ah Where was your mother born? 657X: In New Orleans. Interviewer: Do you know how much education she had? 657X: Yes she um went to private schools and was uh went uh to a part {NW} a short time to one of them public uh high schools and then to the {X}. Interviewer: And um did she work outside the home? 657X: No she was always a housewife. Interviewer: Where was your father born? 657X: Also in New Orleans. Interviewer: And what kind of schooling did he have? 657X: He went to Jesuit's through high school. Interviewer: What was his occupation? 657X: He was a co- commercial traveler which in those days were called drummers. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But he was a traveling salesman. Interviewer: What about your mother's parents? Where were they from? 657X: Uh my uh grandmother um was from New Orleans. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But her father her mother was uh well mamma's grandmother was uh from New Orleans. But her grandfather was from New York. Interviewer: This is your mother's. 657X: My mother's my mother's father and my mother's father was born in {X} Louisiana. Interviewer: mm 657X: And her mother was born here in New Orleans. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And her grandparents the grandmother was from New Orleans but the grandfather was from New York. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the um your mother's father's parents? 657X: Uh they were um #1 {NS} # 657X: #2 {X} # {C: phone rings} Excuse me a #1 Moment. # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 657X: Hello? {X} {X} uh just a moment I'll see if he's in This is 657X: Just a minute. Uh he's at uh {NS}. Yes. Okay. 657X: Um my grandfather's parents originated a- ancestors originated in Canada. Interviewer: mm 657X: In sixteen thirty-four. Simultaneously we've got uh uh {D: eradicates} Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {NW} ancestors. And uh they um as near as I know they uh let's see his mother. His mother was born in New Orleans. His father was from the the uh parish of uh Saint {X}. Interviewer: mm 657X: And um my grandfather was born in the the parish of Saint {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm Are they ultimately French ancestors? 657X: Uh they uh my mother's my mother's uh ancestors except for the Yankee Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 from New York # 657X: #2 {NW} # were all French. Interviewer: Do you know where the Yankee was from #1 originally? # 657X: #2 Yale. # Interviewer: Well I mean in before #1 New York. # 657X: #2 {X} # No I'm trying to check up on him. I have a uh there is a possibility that he may have been uh the son of a revolutionary soldier. Interviewer: Oh. mm-hmm 657X: The uh the names are spelled differently but they both have the the same given name. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Hails from West Point and in a New York regiment during the Revolution. Interviewer: mm 657X: So I'm trying to work that out. Interviewer: um 657X: By then Alright you were gonna ask me? Interviewer: Well do you know how much education your grandparents had? Your mother's parents? 657X: Um my grandmother was educated in the public schools and taught in the public #1 schools. # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: uh My grandfather was educated in the parish schools and then came to New Orleans when he was twelve. He started at the parish school and he was educated in the public schools here. Interviewer: What did he do? 657X: He was a company broker. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh he had a he was not like the uh the uh draftees of today. When the civil war broke out he was {NS} in Paris uh in connection with his business. And in order to get back 657X: to the states he had himself 657X: uh naturalized as a French citizen. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I still have his #1 naturalization # Interviewer: #2 Ah. # 657X: paper. So that he could come back through the blockade and join the Confederate army. And he was in the Confederate army until the surrender in North Carolina. The surrender of Johnston's army the second army. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: He was in the Georgia campaign. Interviewer: Huh Uh what about your father's parents? Where were they from? 657X: Uh they were they were both u- uh well my father's mother was born in New Orleans. His uh father was born in on the island of {D: Manaucher} In this in the town of {X}. And uh hi- his mother brought her children over here uh in eighteen about eighteen forty-two. uh Because uh my great-grandfather uh served in the United States Navy and was drowned in line of duty he was uh {X} on the uh on a uh the {NW} {X} {X} and he was drowned in {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Coming from the {X} with a {X} to be shipped then. Interviewer: mm 657X: Somehow or another he slipped Interviewer: #1 mm # 657X: #2 and # would drown. Interviewer: mm 657X: And uh now on uh my father's mother's side the family originated in France. Came to San Domingo and their properties first was seized by the seized by the Revolutionary government. And then confiscated of course by the slave rebellions when they fled {D: to the king} to this #1 country. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # And your your grandfather's family were {D: the North in} for a long time? 657X: My um w- well my uh grandfather's uh no my grandfather's family was mixed. Interviewer: mm 657X: The um the mother was from {D:Iroquois}. But the the uh father was from Naples. But he was evidently a naturalized American citizen. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh do you know uh how much sch- schooling your father's parents had? 657X: Well uh I don't know definitely but they must have been very well educated in the private schools that existed in New Orleans at that time. Because as a family {X} to the effect that uh the uh French Consul came down and was talking to the to the ladies and when he left he put he said these are the French people who still speak in the past definitely. #1 {NS} # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 So # 657X: #2 {NW} # they must have had it pretty good. And judging from his library there were thoroughly cultured. Interviewer: What uh what did they do? 657X: He was a a broker in {D: capital} who handled capital that brought was brought in from the western part of the state into New Orleans which he disposed of to the uh the uh {D: a- abattoirs} or the um slaughterhouses. Interviewer: And his wife work? 657X: No. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: No creole {D: they didn't} worked in the old days. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: That would have been entirely out of place. Interviewer: Are you married? 657X: No. Interviewer: Have you ever been? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. Well uh as I very briefly said in the letter this interview is to determine various speech patterns in in New Orleans. And it's by interviewing a lot of different people and getting them to say the same words. And we learn what words are used and how they pronounce #1 different # 657X: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: words. So just to begin the very beginning this is strictly for pronunciation. Would you count to fifteen? 657X: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen. Interviewer: And a few more numbers. The number after nineteen is? 657X: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six? 657X: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: After twenty-nine? 657X: Thirty. Interviewer: After thirty-nine? 657X: Forty. Interviewer: After sixty-nine? 657X: Seventy. Interviewer: After ninety-nine? 657X: One hundred. Interviewer: After nine hundred and ninety-nine? 657X: That would be a thousand. Interviewer: And um ten times a hundred thousand would be? 657X: Um I know it would be a million. Interviewer: Yes mm-hmm and um if there were a line of men you would say that the man at the head of the line is the? 657X: Is the when he's the first in line? Interviewer: Yes so counting back from first. 657X: {D: Right.} Interviewer: Count back from the first ten. First. 657X: Uh first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth. Interviewer: mm-hmm And you might say you feel you get your good luck a little bit of time but your bad luck comes all at? 657X: {X} Interviewer: Well all at? 657X: All at once. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh if of course you do something one time that's once if you did it two times it's? 657X: Twice. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would you name the months of the year? 657X: {NW} January February March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: And the days of the week? 657X: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday and Sunday. Interviewer: mm-kay Now if you met someone in the early part of the day what would you say as a greeting? 657X: Good morning. Interviewer: mm-kay And if you met someone after lunchtime what would you say? 657X: Good evening. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: {X}? Interviewer: mm-hmm What would what you say when you're leaving someone in the daytime? 657X: Goodbye or see you later. Interviewer: What if you were leaving them after dark? 657X: Goodnight. Interviewer: Okay. And if a man had to get up very early and start work before the sun came up you'd say he had to get up before? 657X: Before sunrise. Interviewer: And if he worked until the sun went down, he worked until? 657X: Until sundown. Interviewer: Okay. Uh let's see today is Wednesday so Tuesday was? 657X: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Thursday will be? 657X: Tomorrow. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um if someone came to see you not the Sunday three days ago but the Sunday before that one you'd say he came? 657X: Sunday before last. Interviewer: And if he's leaving not the next Sunday but the one after #1 that? # 657X: #2 Sunday # after next. Interviewer: Okay. If he stayed about uh well from the first of the month to the fifteenth about how long is that? 657X: That would be about fourteen days. Interviewer: Would you ever say a fortnight? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you had to know the time of day what would you ask? 657X: What time is it? Interviewer: And then I look at my? 657X: Watch. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if it were about halfway between seven and eight what would you say? 657X: Say half past. Interviewer: Suppose it's fifteen minutes later than that? 657X: Oh that's quarter 'til. Interviewer: Great. mm-hmm Uh if you've been doing something for quite a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite a? 657X: been doing that for quite a while or forever. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh if you might say the farmers got a good crop last year but they won't get a good crop? 657X: This one. Interviewer: This? 657X: This year. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um if a child has just had his third birthday you'd say he's how old? 657X: Three years old. Interviewer: Yes. And if something happened on exactly this day in nineteen eighty-two it happened exactly? 657X: #1 A year ago. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Then you might look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black? 657X: Clouds. Interviewer: K. Alright on a day like yesterday where the sun was shining and there weren't many clouds what would you call that kind of day? 657X: Was a bright day. Interviewer: What about a day like today? 657X: Today is a dull gloomy day. Interviewer: Good. If it had been fair but then the clouds were coming up what would you say the weather is doing? 657X: Very changeable. Interviewer: Suppose it had been cloudy and then the clouds were going away? 657X: It's clearing up. Interviewer: Alright. And what would you call a heavy rain? 657X: A downpour. Or it comes down in buck- in buckets. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm Suppose there were a lot of thunder and lightening? 657X: well {X} {X}. I don't uh I don't know just what I would say then. Interviewer: Do you say thunderstorm here? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um 657X: Lot of thunder and lightening but we don't. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The only storms we refer to are the hurricanes {X}. Bless us every once in a while. Interviewer: Do you have a lot of uh wind here? 657X: We do. Yeah. Interviewer: Does it do a lot of damage? 657X: Millions of dollars. Interviewer: mm If it's raining but not very hard What would you say then? 657X: Drizzling. Interviewer: Okay. And what is the white mist that it's hard to see through? 657X: Foggy. Interviewer: Okay and the mist itself you call? 657X: Mist. Interviewer: Well the mist or the white stuff itself is? 657X: I just call it a mist. Interviewer: Alright. mm-hmm Um if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you're having a? 657X: A dry spell. Interviewer: Is there anything any longer than a dry spell? 657X: mm A drought. Interviewer: Alright. If the wind had been gentle but then it was getting stronger What you say it's doing? 657X: Picking up. Interviewer: Suppose it had been strong and then it's getting gentle? 657X: Dying down. Interviewer: Good. Uh suppose that it's not really very cold outside but it's a little cold what might you call it? 657X: Frisky out there. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm And it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers and there was white on the ground, that's a? 657X: That's it's really freezing. Interviewer: Well it's. 657X: Cold. Interviewer: Maybe it's not quite freezing but there's some white on the ground so you'd say you had a? 657X: I had a frost. Interviewer: Yes. And um if if tha- I don't think it gets that cold here but in some places it gets so cold that the lake might. 657X: Freeze. Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} um 657X: And we would we would even say there's ice over on the lake Interviewer: Something I need to ask you to do. I need your pencil {X}. Use to draw a little floor plan of the house where you grew up. Just so we can get an idea of where the rooms were and so forth. 657X: The place that I only lived in eighty years. Interviewer: Oh eighty years? #1 I {NW} # 657X: #2 {NW} # {NW} 657X: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 It can # be very rough. If you just tell me about it as you go? And where was it located? 657X: Now this is on North {X} #1 street. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: and uh {D: has} one two three {X} {D: it's long enough for me to} {X}. Interviewer: That's alright. 657X: Then there's this whole big room here that goes all the way across. There's a doorway Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Now the be- the rest of the house I'll have to draw over here. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: Out back of this room are two other rooms divided down the middle not like this. Then here and then there's a door opening here. And then we {X} {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: This is a front gallery. Interviewer: Okay can you write in the names #1 for me as you go? # 657X: #2 Yes. # {D: Now when} people are beginning to call them porches. I was raised with a gallery in the front of the house. Interviewer: That's part of the first floor too isn't it? 657X: It's all on the first floor. Interviewer: Is it all #1 on one floor? # 657X: #2 All on one floor. # Interviewer: Now just tell me what the rooms are and what they were #1 used for. # 657X: #2 Yes. I'll tell you. # And this goes onto this. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Okay. 657X: Um our lot is a hundred and twenty feet deep. {X} {NS} This is the front gallery. Interviewer: Yes. 657X: There's stairs steps up to it Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: This is the main entrance to the house then that's a long hall forty-five feet long. Interviewer: mm 657X: There are three fifteen foot rooms fifteen by fifteen. Now this room is still that anachronism a parlor Interviewer: mm-hmm. 657X: And it's only used when uh yeah we used to have {X}. Interviewer: mm 657X: This is a bedroom. This is a bedroom. And this is a big living room which is also the main dining room. Interviewer: hmm 657X: Then after that were these two rooms. It was split right down the middle there these two rooms. Interviewer: Yes. 657X: And one was a bedroom originally. And one was my grandmother's sewing room. Interviewer: mm 657X: But we've uh in the course of time we changed that. We brought the kitchen into this one. We have the bathroom in here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And there's a little hallway between the leads out to the back gallery. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Here we have the shower. Interviewer: Ah. 657X: And then this is a passageway other passageway to this building. which is attached to this. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 657X: Which was the original kitchen and everyday dining room. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 It # It was divided into two but it's not just one. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 657X: {X} There was an idea that cooking in the main house was out because it left odors and it was. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: It had no place in the house. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The food was all prepared in this kitchen and at the back {X} into the big dining room. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: {D: instead} Interviewer: Um did you have a fireplace in the house? 657X: We have yes we had uh we still have two fireplaces. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Which are not used but are still there with the mantel {X}. Then in the um in the the back there was there was one that was between those two small rooms. And uh they {D:would be} uh the two in the front part of the house uh would still be operative if we wanted to use them. But we have four furnaces now. Interviewer: mm What do you burn in the fireplace? 657X: Uh we used to burn burn um uh stone coal as we called it uh the hard coal you know. And uh they'd start the fire with uh kindling wood and newspaper and and had the big coal scuttle. Right there at the next to the fireplace fireplace {X} right in our house had a slate hearth and then with built in brick {X} mantle piece and the iron fittings that close it off and uh. You could close it off in the summer and take it off and put in the {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Operate it in winter. Interviewer: Then what are some more words connected with the fireplace? The smoke goes up through the? 657X: Flue Interviewer: Okay um is that that carries it all the way outside? 657X: All the way out. #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # And uh and you you burn coal but in a fireplace that burns wood what would you lay the logs across? 657X: There was um well we didn't have a u-uh one that burns wood we it was different from coal. You started out with with the kindling at the bottom. There was a grate. A regular grate that received the uh it was shaped like this. 657X: Then what they'd put they'd call it a basket. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And then the bottom would cross Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: like that. Interviewer: Do you know what people call {D: that was it} burn wood? 657X: Uh Interviewer: {D: the the faces} {X} 657X: Um {NW} I know very few wood burning uh grates in New Orleans. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But they couldn't been called an open fireplace. We did have an open fireplace in the um in the back room on one side that uh you could have {D: used for that uh purpose and} roasting on a spit or something of that sort. Interviewer: Do you know what people call the big piece of wood they might put in the back of the fireplace? 657X: Just a log. Interviewer: Okay. Uh so 657X: {D: tire log} Interviewer: What do you call the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 657X: Soot. Interviewer: And what's left after the fire burns down? 657X: Ashes. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the thing that I'm sitting in is called a? 657X: An arm chair. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call a piece of furniture that's about twice as long for two or three people? 657X: Well one is a sofa. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The the wide one is a sofa And we call the other sofa that people call the loveseat now we call that the little sofa. Interviewer: Oh mm-hmm 657X: We didn't use the word loveseat. Interviewer: What do #1 you # 657X: #2 {D: in our area} # Interviewer: What do you call a piece of furniture in the bedroom that you fold clothes and put them in drawers? 657X: Armoire. Interviewer: Is that a big piece? 657X: That's a big piece. Interviewer: Does it have a place to hang clothes? 657X: There are there are two types of armoires. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: One would have shelves all the way up with one shelf with drawers on to it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And then there's another armoire that has shelves on one side and across the top and that has what they called the {X}. I think that what is used in English also. Interviewer: I've heard the word but I don't know what it means. 657X: {X} is a is a place where you can hang clothes Interviewer: Ah. 657X: Full length. Interviewer: I see. What about a piece of furniture that's just drawers and perhaps has a mirror all over it? 657X: uh We usually call that a bureau. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But it's also called a dresser. Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay. um The um things that would hang #1 {D: in a} # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm The things from the window that would be on a {D: roller} and would pull down. 657X: A shade. Interviewer: And what #1 would you call # 657X: #2 {D: window shade} # Interviewer: What do you call this kind of thing with slacks? 657X: Venetian blind. Interviewer: Okay. What if um you had a little built in room to hang your clothes what would that be? 657X: A locker or a closet. Interviewer: Do you have those in your house or? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh What is the room at the top of the house under the roof? 657X: Would be the attic. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh what would you call a little room for storing canned goods or? 657X: A pantry. Interviewer: If you had a lot of old worthless things you wanted to throw away what would you call that? 657X: Call that junk. Interviewer: Yes. {X} And what would you call a room where you might keep your junk? 657X: The junk room. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you say a woman is doing if she's every day dusting and sweeping and? 657X: She's well she's uh always doing housework. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what would she sweep with? 657X: A broom. Interviewer: Okay. And on many years ago I think on Mondays women usually did their? 657X: Washing. Interviewer: What would they do on Tuesdays? 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 um # Well to get the wrinkles out what they have to do? 657X: To get what? Interviewer: The wrinkles out of the clothes. 657X: Oh to uh iron Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: press. either one. You you press the suit but you iron the the uh wash clips. Interviewer: mm-hmm To get from the ground up to the gallery what would you climb up? 657X: The steps. Interviewer: Suppose you had a two story house? 657X: You had stairs Interviewer: Inside? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: Yes. mm-hmm Okay um if the door were open and you didn't want it to be what would you tell someone to do? 657X: Shut the door. Interviewer: And what do you call the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other? 657X: Weather boards. Interviewer: mm-hmm And the part that covers the top of the house? 657X: Is the roof. Interviewer: And little things around the edge that drain water? 657X: The eaves or the gutters. Interviewer: Are they the same thing? 657X: Well the eaves are what stick out and the gutters are the receptacles that catch the water and guide it down. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you call that place where two {X} come together on the roof? {D: And the leaves would collect in there}? 657X: That I don't know because {D: under} our roof was a just one. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Okay. What you call a little building for storing wood or tools? 657X: Shed. Interviewer: What um would you call an outdoor toilet? 657X: A toilet. Interviewer: Did you have one in your time? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: mm-hmm Were there many nicknames {D: or a joking names}? 657X: Well they used to refer to it as the throne and ours was uh ours had three seats to the throne. # 657X: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Ah. # 657X: Two two adults and one child. . I never did see more than one person {D: in at a time}. {D: That's the way it was} That's the way it was built. We had a very nice one. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And it had a wooden vent went up the top and a crescent cut into the door and it was plastered on the inside and painted. And the fitting itself was cypress and the floors of course were were of a pine so that they and were uh {X} so that they could be taken up when necessary to clean the place. Interviewer: I don't know whether you know anything about farm terms I suppose you don't know? 657X: Very very little. Interviewer: I'll just ask a few things and if you don't what things are called just Say so what's the big building on the farm? 657X: {X} a barn. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know where they would store corn? 657X: In a silo. or in a in a crib. Interviewer: Okay how about grain? 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: Alright. Uh where would they put hay in the barn? 657X: In the in the top in the hay loft. Interviewer: Okay. If they couldn't put fit all of the hay in the barn they made a pile of it in the field that's a? 657X: They made uh haystacks. Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay. Uh do you know where they feed the cows? 657X: In the uh in the um I don't know the term {X} in the {X} I- I don't really know. Interviewer: How about horses? 657X: In the stables. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know where they would milk the cows? 657X: In the dairy. Interviewer: K how about um where they would keep the hogs? 657X: In the pens. Interviewer: #1 And uh # 657X: #2 In the # pig pen. Interviewer: Where would the animals go out to graze? 657X: In the uh in the pasture. Interviewer: Do you know anything about raising cotton? 657X: No except that I've seen them hoeing and uh making the hills and hoeing the rows and picking cotton. Interviewer: Do you know what they call it when they hoe between the rows to thin the cotton out? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay then what would they call undesirable grass that grew up in the field. 657X: Weeds. Interviewer: Okay um what cotton or corn you would say would grow in a? 657X: In a field. Interviewer: And when there was small things small area? 657X: In a well we would call that a a yard. Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm what kinds of fences did they have? 657X: They had the um split rail fences them wire fences with uh barbed wire. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh well that would be about it. Interviewer: And other kinds of wooden fences? 657X: Well they would have uh wooden fences with the with the board fences and there were also picket fences. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: Picket fences were the upright things made with cypress {D: slip} and then the board fences were the flat boards {X} boards. Interviewer: And when when you're setting up a barbed wire fence you have to dig holes for the? 657X: For the posts. Interviewer: mm-hmm And you would how would you attach the wire? 657X: with um with a stapler Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {D: that you drum into the} wood. Interviewer: mm-hmm Alright uh you have any fences or walls made of {D: roof} stone or rock? 657X: Not around here. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: We have no rock around this part of the world. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you have chickens by the way? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: Um what would you do to make a chicken lay what would you put in the nest? 657X: You put in um {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {D: and uh that's it.} Interviewer: uh Where uh did the chickens stay? 657X: We had we had a little uh chicken yard. At the back of the house there was a shed where my father kept his tools {X}. And then in between that and the uh and the kitchen building there's a small pen where the chickens were kept. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: With a shed where they could roost. Interviewer: What would you call a hen on a nest of eggs? 657X: She was uh sitting. Interviewer: mm-hmm would you call anything a chicken coop? 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: What would that mean? 657X: Chicken coop would be a a small area in which they would put them in especially if you were going to take them away. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh what would you have carried water in? 657X: A bucket. Interviewer: What about for milk? 657X: A milk pail. Interviewer: Is that the same as a bucket? 657X: L- little bit different. Interviewer: Is it smaller? 657X: Yes. It has a slightly different shape there is a {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I've never milked a cow. Interviewer: What would they use to feed the hogs in during the {X}. 657X: Well usually what we said slop the hogs. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you carry the food in? 657X: In a normal bucket. Interviewer: What did they fry eggs in? 657X: In a frying pan. Interviewer: What's it made of? 657X: Iron. Interviewer: And what is a big black container that might be in the yard for boiling clothes? 657X: That was a boiler. Interviewer: Okay. um I think they might have made sugar in one too. 657X: That was a that was a sugar boiler. But uh that was different from what you boil the clothes in. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm and what 657X: was a sugar kettle Interviewer: Ah. 657X: call that. Interviewer: What would you keep um put flowers in that you cut? 657X: In a vase. Interviewer: Alright. And what would you call the eating utensils beside the plate? 657X: The knife and fork and spoon. Interviewer: mm-hmm um What would your best dishes be made of? 657X: Of uh of uh china. Interviewer: Alright if the dishes were dirty, what would you say you had to do? 657X: We had to wash them. Interviewer: And to get the soap off what would a woman do you'd say she? 657X: Now some people pronounce it rinsing it was rinsing. Interviewer: You say rinse? 657X: I say rinse. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would what kind of cloth or rag do you use to clean the dishes? 657X: Uh a dishrag. Interviewer: And to dry them off? 657X: With um with a a towel a dish towel. Interviewer: And what do you use to wash your face? 657X: A face cloth Interviewer: #1 And um # 657X: #2 or # Interviewer: a wash rag. And to dry yourself off? 657X: A towel. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: Face towel or a bath towel. Interviewer: Okay in the uh kitchen to turn the water on what's the thing you turn? 657X: We always called it a faucet. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about out in the yard where you might screw in a hose? 657X: The faucet hose {X}. Interviewer: Suppose it's on some sort of a container with water or some? 657X: A tap. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh there's a a big wooden container that flour used to come in that's a? 657X: Barrel. Interviewer: There's a smaller kind that {X} came in. 657X: keg. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know what molasses used to come in? 657X: In a barrel. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever hear of a stand of molasses? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to pour some liquid into a narrow mouthed bottle you put a? 657X: A funnel. Interviewer: mm-hmm And to urge the horses to go faster you hit them with a? 657X: With a whip. Interviewer: mm-hmm If uh you went to the grocery store the grocer might put the food into a? 657X: Well he'd put butter into a scoop he'd put other other things into a bag. Interviewer: Made of what? 657X: Paper. Interviewer: mm-hmm Suppose it um it's a bag of something like sugar what would it be called? 657X: It would be a bag of sugar. Interviewer: Well what would you-? 657X: Would sometimes call it a sack. Interviewer: mm-hmm What's it made of? 657X: Of cloth. Interviewer: What is a kind of sack made of rough cloth for perhaps potatoes or feed? 657X: That uh that would be um I haven't used one in such a long time that would be a gunny sack Interviewer: Do you have any other name for that? 657X: Yeah there's another name I'm trying to think of it Eh I haven't had occasion to use it in such a long time. Interviewer: Did they call it croker sack around here? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: I've heard it as {D: whatever} not around here. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of grass {D:sight} here? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. um Do you know how much corn they would take to the mill to be ground? 657X: No. Interviewer: How about the amount of wood you could carry in your arms? 657X: Um we would we'd bring a load of wood. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear the expression turn of corn or wood? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. If um your light burned out what would you put in? 657X: A new bulb. Interviewer: Okay. um What runs around the barrel to hold the {X} #1 in? # 657X: #2 Ropes. # Interviewer: mm-hmm And to put in the top of a bottle to keep the liquid in? 657X: A cork or a stopper. Interviewer: What's the difference? 657X: A cork is a cork a stopper can be made of another material. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm What's a little musical instrument children #1 play? # 657X: #2 Harmonica. # Interviewer: Did you ever call that anything else? 657X: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called the {D: French hawk}? Okay. #1 um then what? # 657X: #2 Not in living # New Orleans where everything is French. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something you hold between your teeth and pluck? 657X: That was a that was um Jew's harp but we called that we had another name for that a kazoo. Interviewer: Oh mm-hmm. 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what you pound nails with? 657X: A hammer. Interviewer: Alright. If you have a wagon and two horses what's the wooden piece between the horses? 657X: The shaft. Interviewer: And what is what um if you have a buggy what are the two pieces the horse is between? 657X: The uh well I know the French name but I don't know what you you call it the shaft. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you grow up speaking French by the way I didn't ask you? 657X: I spoke French before I spoke English. Interviewer: Oh really? mm-hmm What at what age did you learn English? 657X: Uh I started learning English when I was five years old. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: When I went went to public school I kn- I knew English before. um They tell me a story that when I was still had to stand up on a stool to look into the kitchen sink that the maid was reporting to certain uh seafood and I told her It's not {C: French} it's shrimp. Interviewer: {NW} mm mm-hmm 657X: So I knew it I knew English growing up but we spoke {C: French} in French entirely. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Although my mother and father grandmother and everybody in the family spoke English correctly and grammatically. My grandmother had a slight French accent to her English. And they said the words that my father would say that were definitely had the French for instance he didn't say Thursday he said Thursday. {C: French} Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And an angel was angel. {C: French} Interviewer: mm-hmm mm #1 Where # Interviewer2: #2 You # you mentioned a um two shafts you said you knew the French term for are there French terms that you use? 657X: The French term would be {C: French} {D: B-R-A-N-C-A-R-D} Interviewer2: I just wanted to know French terms that you used for some of these things that #1 we've talked. # 657X: #2 Oh yes we uh # A great many of the things that you asked me I've some of the words some of the French words I might have been able to to come up with more quickly. Interviewer: Told me that there are some where he thinks #1 of the French word # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: first before he thinks of the English. 657X: I do too. As a matter of fact uh I uh I think in French. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And you can see it in my writing. I I have subjects and predicates that are a little bit different in English and in French. Interviewer: mm-hmm When you started going to school was there any pressure to force children to speak English? 657X: Well in in school they had it was English. {X} The the only French schools were private schools. Interviewer: Were the children punished for speaking French? 657X: No by the time they went to school they still were able to speak and they were speak able to speak English. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I spoke in both languages as a child. My my little sister who died when she was only about two years old spoke fluently both French and English. And uh my younger brother too. Interviewer: mm 657X: We we spoke both languages alternatingly in the family but in the family in the family context I don't think I ever heard my father or mother uh have a a long conversation in English They always spoke to one another in French. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And when I tell people that I that I {X} French they think it's funny. {NW} But a lot of the people that I went out with Uh sp- we spoke French in in our social life and unfortunately it's gone. Interviewer: That is a shame. 657X: It's a shame. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I st- I still speak French and I'm delighted when I can speak to somebody in French. Interviewer: mm 657X: But uh I didn't ever have a long conversation with mama. I ne- I always addressed her in French. We spoke French as as a natural thing it was {X}. And we spoke English as a natural thing we just Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: were bilingual completely. Interviewer: Is the French that you speak Creole? 657X: Yes. French French #1 it {D:originated in} {X} # Interviewer: #2 mm ah # I see. mm 657X: I uh had an experience in Paris once. I was uh asking a man directions on the street and the man standing next to me said uh {C: French} um {C: French} Interviewer: mm 657X: and no he said #1 {C: French} # Interviewer: #2 Ah. mm-hmm # 657X: I said no {C: French} He says {C: French} Interviewer: Ah. 657X: Our beautiful lost #1 properties. # Interviewer: #2 Yes that's nice. # 657X: I thought that I I just cherished that a- as as being uh uh such a a reflection of the feeling that probably still exists about #1 Louisiana. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Yes. Well to get back to the wagon uh what is the outside of the wagon wheel called? 657X: The rim. Interviewer: Do you have a #1 term? # 657X: #2 and # and the {X}. The iron outside the the {X} On the on the rim that surround the spokes. Interviewer: Do you have a term that something uh for something that the {X} would hook into? #1 No? # 657X: #2 Yeah. I don't. # Interviewer: Okay. uh If a man was counting a load of wood somewhere putting it down and picking up more what would you say he was doing? 657X: He was uh picking it up and he's uh moving that wood pile. uh he's he's piling the wood somewhere. Interviewer: Alright. Um if there was a log across the road and you couldn't pick it up you might say I tied a rope to it and I? 657X: And I dragged it. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would the farmers use to break ground {X}. 657X: Um a plow. Interviewer: Do you know any different types of plows? 657X: No all I know is a plow because I we weren't in we weren't in the country to any extent. {D: Just just uh just uh just} just uh looking when we pass when we went in the summer somewhere you know just superficially. Interviewer: Do you know what they use after they use the plow to break the ground up more? 657X: They used a hoe or a or um {X}. Interviewer: How do you know that? 657X: I uh don't know what the {D: harrow} is but I know that it's one of the things it was used for breaking up the ground. Interviewer: mm-hmm And then under the wagon there's a wheel on each side that would be the? On a car too. 657X: Oh the #1 axle. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer2: Yes uh what would you call an X shaped frame to put a log on to sow it. 657X: A sawbuck. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what if there's an A shaped thing be two As and a board on top? 657X: An A frame. Interviewer: Okay. Then um you straighten your hair using a comb or a? 657X: Or a comb or a brush. Interviewer: And to to do {X} to do that you'd say I'm going to? 657X: Uh comb my hair and and uh s- stroke it. Interviewer: Using the other word I'm going to? 657X: To uh just comb my hair. Interviewer: Using brush I'm #1 going to? # 657X: #2 Use a # brush. Interviewer: mm-hmm Alright. You'd sharpen a straight razor on a leather? 657X: You you'd hone it. Interviewer: #1 What would you describe # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yes. And to sharpen a knife or a small thing? 657X: Yes on a on um stone for instance. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And I I use the word sharpening and I uh. Interviewer: What would you use to sharpen an ax a big wheel that #1 turns? # 657X: #2 A # filer. Interviewer: Is that a wheel? 657X: No I don't know what the wheel is. Interviewer: It's. 657X: Oh wait a minute yes I know what you mean uh uh. I can't think of it we used to have a have a smaller one that we used to used to sharpen. Interviewer: I would call it a grindstone #1 but # 657X: #2 A grindstone. # Interviewer: There are other terms for it 657X: That I think I would call it a grindstone. Interviewer: Okay. What do you put in a revolver? 657X: A bullet. Interviewer: Any other term? 657X: um Well load it with the cartridge. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um then {X} the things that children would play on a plank that has a child on each end? 657X: Yeah a seesaw. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call it when they're playing on one they're? 657X: They're um well that we just had they they're playing on the seesaw. Interviewer: Okay. Do you did you ever see a board that was fixed at both ends and the child jumps up and down in the middle? 657X: No. Interviewer: I wouldn't think that you would have in this part of the country. How about something that's anchored in the middle and it spins around and you ride on it. 657X: A merry-go-round. Interviewer: Are there any other names for that? 657X: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Okay. What's something that is attached ropes from a tree limb on a seat. 657X: A swing. Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay. Uh what runs from the stove to the chimney? 657X: A stove pipe. Interviewer: Okay. Now the what is the difference between a flue and stove pipe and a chimney I'm not quite? 657X: Well the the uh chimney the opening in a chimney is a flue. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And it has to be built a certain way so that the draft will bring the sm- the smoke up. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The draft that from the passage of that hole where the opening of the chimney. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh the making of the flue and the chimney was quite a a a {X} so that they would get the proper uh draft in it. Interviewer: mm 657X: And you had on the stove pipe you had a little thing that you turn to uh adjust the draft on it. And it went up into a chimney or it went through the uh through the uh wall and up through the stove pipe went up with a cap over it. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm What would you call a small vehicle with two handles and just one wheel? 657X: A wheelbarrow. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh and then the thing that you would drive that's a? The vehicle which you drive? 657X: Well a buggy. Interviewer: Well um today? 657X: Well they still called it a buggy if it was with with a horse. Interviewer: Not with a horse. 657X: Not with a horse. Interviewer: With a motor. 657X: With with a motor Uh I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: #1 What is the th- # 657X: #2 I don't # Interviewer: The thing people drive around in. 657X: the automobile. Interviewer: Yes. What's another word for that? 657X: The car. Interviewer: Okay. If something was squeaking what would you do to lube or paint the car? 657X: Oil it. Interviewer: Or? 657X: Lubricate it. Interviewer: The word beginning with a G. Th- the waxing and it's a thick substance. 657X: Goop. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh I was # thinking of grease. #1 {D: that you were gonna} # 657X: #2 oh grease yeah # Interviewer: What would you say you do if you put grease on the? 657X: Grease it. Interviewer: And if you got grease all over your hands they'd be all? 657X: All greasy. Interviewer: mm-hmm What did they burn in #1 labs? # 657X: #2 O- o- # on uh TV they say greasy. Interviewer: mm-hmm What did they burn in labs before they had #1 {D: black} # 657X: #2 The- # It was {X}. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 That's what # they called it. Interviewer: told me that too I never #1 heard that before # 657X: #2 Yeah. {X} # {X} Interviewer: Why did they call it that? 657X: Well uh I don't know. That may have had something to do with the uh fire codes that we had in New Orleans. The city burned down a couple of #1 times. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 657X: During the Colonial period. Interviewer: mm 657X: And then the Spaniards made us the best roofed city in the United #1 States. # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: They required by law that the roofs had to either slate or tile. And for many years New Orleans was the best roofed city you didn't see tar paper roofs in #1 New Orleans until # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: we became modernized. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Do you have a term for a makeshift lamp lamp that would be made from a rag and a bottle and oil? 657X: um No. I don't think that ever was used much around . Interviewer: What is the word flambeau to you? 657X: Flambeau is a uh is something that's enclosed with with a fire in it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh it's um much more formal thing than just a just a torch. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Uh toothpaste comes in a? 657X: In a tube. Interviewer: Alright. If you just built a boat and you're going to put it in the water for the first time you'd say you're going to? 657X: Launch it. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of a boat would you use to fish on a small lake? 657X: A skiff or a pirogue. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Either one. Interviewer: Okay uh what's the difference? 657X: That the uh skiff is more of a flat bottom the the pirogue has a rather curved bottom and is more delicate to handle. you're li- more likely to fall into the water. Interviewer: mm 657X: If you don't know how to handle it. Interviewer: mm-hmm If a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she might take a little piece to use as a? 657X: A a sample or a swatch. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if she sees a dress she likes she might say to me that's attractive that's a very? 657X: That- that's a very becoming v- very pretty dress. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then what might she wear over her dress in the kitchen? 657X: An apron. Interviewer: Okay. And you would write with a fountain? 657X: With a fountain pen. Interviewer: And you put a baby's diaper on with a? 657X: With a diaper pin. Interviewer: Okay. #1 And # 657X: #2 A # safety pin. Interviewer: Okay. And uh a soup can would be made out of? 657X: Out of t- out of tin. Interviewer: mm-hmm And a dime is worth how much? 657X: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would you put on in the winter time to keep you warm? 657X: I know a coat. Interviewer: And then in between the coat and the shirt you might wear a? 657X: A vest. Interviewer: And what is the {D:bottom} part of the suit called? 657X: The pants. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 657X: Trousers. Interviewer: Okay. um What would farmers wear? 657X: Overalls. Interviewer: And you might say the coat wouldn't fit this year but last year it? 657X: Uh last year it well last year it was just right. It was it did it it fit. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if your old clothes wore out you might have to go to the store a buy a? 657X: A new suit. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you stuffed a wad in your pockets it would make them? 657X: Uh uh baggy. Interviewer: It'll make them do what? 657X: {D: It uh uh uh} puff out. Interviewer: Okay. mm-hmm If you washed a shirt in hot water and it wasn't {X} what might it do? 657X: It would shrink. Interviewer: mm-kay and If you did that in the past and say it has? 657X: It has shrunk. Interviewer: mm-hmm And yesterday you washed it and it? 657X: And it and it shrunk. Interviewer: Okay. If a woman likes to put on good clothes what would you say she likes to do? 657X: She likes to dress up. Interviewer: What would you say about a man? 657X: Well he he likes to {NW} well we we had this expression {NW} he likes to sh- show off. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: He likes to put on the dog. Interviewer: mm-hmm that's a good one. 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: What um do call the little container a woman might put coins in? 657X: um Purse. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what does a woman wear around her wrist as a decoration? 657X: A bracelet. Interviewer: And around her neck? 657X: um Necklace chain. Interviewer: Suppose she were wearing beads would what would you call that what are the beads? 657X: A string of beads. Interviewer: Did you ever hear pair of beads? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: Would you use it? 657X: That's a pair of beads is what Catholics refer to the Rosary. Yes Interviewer: You would never call a #1 necklace? # 657X: #2 As apparent. # Interviewer: Okay. What do men wear to hold up their trousers? 657X: Suspenders. Interviewer: mm-hmm And to hold over you when it rains? 657X: An umbrella. Interviewer: And on a bed what's the top cover called? 657X: um It was a the bedspread was usually the decorative thing. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Because for for uh warmth they used a a a quilt or a a blanket. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But the bedspread was the ornamental. Interviewer: And then you put your head on? 657X: On a pillow. Interviewer: Alright. And um do you have a term for something that's about twice as long as a pillow? 657X: Yes a bolster. Interviewer: Yes. {NS} #1 uh # 657X: #2 We don't # use it anymore Interviewer: Not much #1 anyway # 657X: #2 No. # Interviewer: Uh what would you call it when you may make up on the floor for someone to sleep on? 657X: Um make um well we had carpeting on the floor. I don't know that I ever slept on the floor at home. {NW} Interviewer: If you j- put just mattresses quilts on the floor #1 would you? # 657X: #2 Well # make a make a bed on the floor. Interviewer: Do you ever call that a pallet? 657X: Now they they use that word in French though a pallet. {C: French} Interviewer: What does it mean? 657X: It it means uh means uh a low cot almost at the floor. Interviewer: mm mm-kay mm-hmm Um if you could get a good crop from a field you'd say the soil is very? 657X: Very rich. Interviewer: {D: I say} another word meaning? 657X: Fertile. Interviewer: Yes. {NS} What would you call flat low lying land along a stream or river? I- it might flood and then be planted later. 657X: Well that's that is really on a on a big river that's the {X} land. But I don't think that's the word you'd use ordinarily. It would be the uh. Interviewer: Would you call it bottom? 657X: No we have no bottom lands here. Interviewer: mm #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 You only # have that in Georgia because you have hilly country. Interviewer: Yes. 657X: But here the lands are all bottom. Interviewer: Oh. 657X: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call low lying land that nothing but grass grows on? 657X: Prairie. Interviewer: K. And uh what about land that's very soft and has trees growing in it? 657X: Marsh. Interviewer: How does that differ from a swamp? 657X: A swamp has plenty of water showing. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Whereas a marsh land the water doesn't show except at certain times. But be careful where you where you go. Interviewer: mm 657X: And then they have uh they have little elevations where trees will grow. That's my conception the difference between a marsh land and a swamp. Interviewer: What kinds of soil do they have here? 657X: We have principally the black {D: humus} soil that grows almost anything. And uh uh then then further further up from New Orleans you run into the clay soils like you have in Alabama Georgia. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm If you were getting water off the lodge what do you say you're doing? 657X: Draining it. Interviewer: To to uh what do you dig to drain it in? 657X: Ditches. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a shallow arm of the sea that runs in and out with the tide? 657X: Uh. {D: I don't know} Interviewer: Alright. What do you call a floating water? 657X: Well that's either a river or a creek or a bayou. Interviewer: How what's the difference between a creek and a bayou? 657X: A creek has more active water more running water. A bayou is more sluggish. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm What are names of some creeks or bayous in this area? 657X: Well we have um we had that used to run up right at the front of this property was the Bayou {D: Minery}. Interviewer: mm 657X: Then the Bayou that you probably crossed at some time it travel in New Orleans that's still in existence is Bayou Saint John. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: That came from {X} or it started uh in the swamps back of the Mississippi River. And went into the {X}. It uh kn- kn- knowingly did it ever go into the river. Then we have uh five {X} {D: T-E-R-R-E-B-O-N-E} {X} That's uh on the west bank {D: by the forest} which is really {D: a the norm of the Mississippi}. Its name comes from the fact that it was an arm of the river that went out into the gulf. And the French meaning of that is fork. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: {X} And the bayou of course was the the interior fork of the Mississippi. {D: And as far as the gulf} and went out into the gulf. And the bayou there but the bayou's on the on the northern shore of the lake that are called {X} B O G U {X} {X} which are {X}. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a deep narrow valley cut by a stream of water? 657X: {X} Interviewer: You may not even have that #1 {X} back here. # 657X: #2 No. # Interviewer: How about just a very shallow thing cut by heavy rain in a field? 657X: That that would be uh I don't know we uh We have big ones when the river breaks in #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you call a small rise in the land? 657X: A hump or a or a a hill. Interviewer: How about a very big rise? 657X: Would be a hill. Interviewer: Even bigger. 657X: Well that would come to a mountain. Interviewer: Okay I don't think you have any #1 mountains here. # 657X: #2 No. # Interviewer: No. What do you call the steep edge of the mountain that drops off? 657X: A bluff. Interviewer: Anything else? 657X: A cliff. Interviewer: Okay. And how about up in the mountains where the road goes across that's a mountain? 657X: Well uh th-that'd uh be a mountain uh pass or a or in Tennessee they call them a a notch. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 657X: And uh what's the uh they call it {D: newfound gap}. Interviewer: mm-hmm A place where the roads stop and {D: phrase unload it would be a}. 657X: {D: A wash} #1 or a care. # Interviewer: #2 mm mm-hmm # And how about a place where the water flows along and then suddenly drops? 657X: A waterfall or a or a {X} the waterfall would come down Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh what are um the road surfaces here? 657X: Uh we have everything from just plain mud up to uh finished concrete road we have a lot of of uh asphalt roads #1 brick # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: used to have brick streets in New Orleans. One building behind me we can see that {D: they in the street with} {X} wood blocks. And in the first rain the street floated away. {NW} And uh we had a lot of gravel roads but mostly now they're black topped. Interviewer: I'm watching the tape which is about to run out so I need to change it. What would you call a small road that runs off the main road? 657X: Um A side road. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a road that was on a person's private property that goes up to his house? 657X: A private road or a well a private road. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what do you walk on in the city beside the street? 657X: Well in New Orleans we if you wanna use we used to walk on {D:banquettes}. {D: B-A-N-} Interviewer: In case that didn't get on the other side of the tape would you repeat the term again? 657X: In uh New Orleans in the old town New Orleans we referred to them as {C: speaking French}. B-A-N-Q-U-E-T-T-E. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Because we had a very unusual name for city blocks in French the blocks are referred to as {C: speaking French} I-S-L-E-T which means a small island. An island that has all of our blocks were surrounded by {X} with crossings at simple places. In other words each each uh block was a little #1 island itself. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # 657X: and the {C: speaking French} was the bank. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Or the Interviewer: I see 657X: or the uh wa- waterway surrounded the blocks. And I loved the new use of the word {D: banking} much better than sidewalk. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What do you # 657X: #2 It's a # pity they don't use it #1 anymore. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # What do you call the strip of grass between the banquette and the street? 657X: The um the lawn. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you knock on someone's door and there was no answer you'd say he's not? 657X: Not home. Interviewer: Okay. Um then what are how do people drink coffee around here? 657X: Now that's a th- that's a source of great deal of contention. Interviewer: K. 657X: We drink our coffee with milk or we drink it black. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And there are many different ways of making coffee. I still make it the way my grandmother made it maybe a hundred years ago. I drip my coffee drop by drop and I use pure coffee. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh they tell you that uh that coffee with chicory is a Creole custom that's a lot of {X}. Interviewer: mm 657X: My my two grandmothers {X} heresy. Interviewer: mm 657X: T- talk about having uh chicory Interviewer: mm 657X: in the coffee. And I still make coffee that's strong enough just pure coffee. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I wouldn't think of getting chicory because I was sure both grandmothers would would haunt me. Interviewer: {NW} 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Alright. These are uh some expressions if someone is not going away from you you'd say he's coming straight? 657X: He's coming right right up to me. Interviewer: Or he's not going away from you he's coming? Toward? 657X: He's coming toward me. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you stop somebody you haven't seen in a long time and then were telling me about it you'd say this morning I just happened to run? 657X: Run into. Interviewer: And if you're giving a child the same name as her mother you'd say you named her? 657X: They named her after mama. Interviewer: Okay. I've got some animals the ki- the animal that barks is a? 657X: A dog. Interviewer: What would you say to make a dog attack? 657X: Yo- well you'd uh you'd we use uh to say sic 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you uh call a mixed breed dog? 657X: A {C: speaking French} Interviewer: You know how to spell that? 657X: I would say K-Y-O-O-D-L-E. {NW} Interviewer: Interesting question about the spelling of that #1 word. # 657X: #2 Or # #1 D-E-L one of the two. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Did you ever hear of a feist dog? 657X: Yes I've heard talk a- a- a a feist that's a a little dog. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-kay um What do you call the male in a herd of cattle? 657X: The bull. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it say that that was not polite to use around women? 657X: No. Interviewer: In some parts of the country they wouldn't say bull 657X: Is that right? Interviewer: That's right. 657X: What they call the boy cow? #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 They said they have a male cow. # 657X: The male cow. Interviewer: #1 The big # 657X: #2 No we've # always do. Because in French we had a very definite word for it. A bull is a {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And a cow is a {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh we always used the word uh bull. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you call the baby? 657X: A calf. Interviewer: Do you know the names for male and female calves? 657X: Well uh there's the {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And and the and the calf. Interviewer: Is calf a female? 657X: I think calf is female. Interviewer: Alright. If a cow was about was going to have a calf you'd say she's going to what? 657X: She's going {X}. Interviewer: mm {X} Okay. Uh what do you call the animal that has long ears that was used in plowing? 657X: Mules. Interviewer: If you had were working with two of those what would you call that? 657X: A team of team of mule Interviewer: Alright uh-huh what do you call a male horse? 657X: um {D: I don't know I don't} {X} I know I know a mare. {NW} Interviewer: Female horse. 657X: That's a female #1 horse. # Interviewer: #2 Yes okay. # um 657X: And a colt is a is a young Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: male horse. Interviewer: If you couldn't stay on the horse you'd say I fell? 657X: I fell off. Interviewer: And if a child was in bed and then woke up on the floor you'd say he fell? 657X: He rolled off the bed. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what are the things you put on a horse's feet to protect them? 657X: Shoes. Interviewer: What do you call the horse's foot? 657X: The uh the hoof. Interviewer: mm-hmm And you'd say he has four? 657X: Four hooves. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh the thing that you play with the shoes would be called? 657X: Horseshoes. Interviewer: What do you call a male sheep? 657X: A yew. Interviewer: A female? 657X: No a female ram ram the the yew is a female. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: The ram. Interviewer: And what do you raise them for what do they have on their backs? 657X: For the wool? Interviewer: mm-hmm What is a male hog? 657X: Boar. Interviewer: What would you call one that had grown up wild? 657X: A wild boar. Interviewer: Uh what would you call a male hog that would had been castrated? 657X: I don't know I {X}. Interviewer: Probably only on the farm that they #1 know that. # 657X: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: Do you know a name for a female? 657X: mm A sow. Interviewer: How about a young one? 657X: um {X} Interviewer: Okay. Is that when it's first born? 657X: When it's just a young {X} piglets. Interviewer: Okay. mm-hmm um What are the stiff hairs on the hog's back? 657X: Bristles. Interviewer: And the thing that uh that that long teeth or? 657X: Tusks? Interviewer: And you would feed them while they're? 657X: In a trough. Interviewer: Uh if you had a pig and didn't want him to be able to breed what would you say that you would do to him? 657X: Castrate him. Interviewer: Any other term for that? 657X: No. Interviewer: mm-kay 657X: Nothing polite. {NW} Interviewer: Well um the whole thing isn't very polite to begin with. 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Uh these are some animal noises and calls and if you don't know just #1 say so would you # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer2: say that a calf Interviewer: does? 657X: {NW} Bawls. Interviewer: Okay how about a cow? 657X: She bawls too. #1 but louder # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Um a horse? 657X: Neighs. Interviewer: If you had some horses and #1 {D: hens} and cows # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that were hungry you'd say I'm going to feed the? 657X: Feed the animals. Interviewer: Alright suppose you had some chickens and turkeys and geese you're going to feed the? 657X: Feed the chickens. Interviewer: Does that mean turkeys #1 too? # 657X: #2 A- # anything that's out in the barnyard. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what do you call the little bone that children break? 657X: Wishbone. Interviewer: Would you ever call that a {X}? 657X: Never heard that. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh what do you call the inside parts of the chicken or calf that you eat? 657X: Well there's the there's the chicken there's a gizzard there's the um the um in a calf you have the liver the the uh kidney. Some people raise their nose when you talk about kidneys too, but I love it. Interviewer: mm 657X: And uh the um well there's brain and the um um what you think I'm {X} the sweet breads. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {D: very sharp} Interviewer: Well in a pig there's something there's a part that some people eat. I think it's the intestine. 657X: Oh yes it is. Interviewer: Yes did you ever eat those? 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: Are they good I never #1 had any # 657X: #2 They're good. # They're very good they have to be they have to be cooked just right. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: They're u- u- uh they c- cook them to a crisp and they they can be very good. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm If it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you'd say it's what time? 657X: Well I I don't know because I've never been Interviewer: right 657X: farm a farm. Interviewer: Do you know how to call cows? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. {X} 657X: No. Interviewer: Do you know what to say to a horse to make it turn left and #1 right? # 657X: #2 Yes. # Yeah that's gee and haw. Interviewer: Which is left and which is? 657X: Uh that's {X} I haven't driven a horse in in ages. I used to go with my father when he went up the river in a buggy. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know what to say to get a horse to come in from the pasture? 657X: {NS} Interviewer: How about to make a horse start moving or go faster? 657X: giddy-up Interviewer: And to make him stop? 657X: Pull the reins {D: I don't know}. Interviewer: Okay. uh 657X: Whoa. Interviewer: Do you know how to call pigs? 657X: No. Interviewer: Or sheep? 657X: {NW} Interviewer: How about chickens? 657X: {X} make noises. Interviewer: What kind of noises? 657X: {NW} Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere what is all the stuff you put on the horse? 657X: Put on a harness. Interviewer: mm-hmm When you're driving a horse what do you hold in your hands? 657X: The bridles. Interviewer: And if you're riding what do you hold? 657X: Well um the bridles is when you're riding the reins are when you {X} the way. Interviewer: Okay and what do you put your feet in in the saddle? 657X: The stirrups. Interviewer: Do you know what you'd call the horse that it walks on the left if you were plowing with two? 657X: No. Interviewer: mm-kay If something's not right in your hands you'd say it's just a little? 657X: Little off a little. Interviewer: That's good enough i- if it if it were not just a little ways and was still quite a distance you'd say we still have a what to go? 657X: Have a way to go. Interviewer: Alright. If something's very common and you don't have to look for it you'd say you could find that just about? 657X: Anywhere. Interviewer: Alright. If you slipped and fell that way you fell? 657X: Down back. Interviewer: And that way? 657X: Forward. Interviewer: Okay. If you uh went fishing and had no luck I said did you catch any fish you'd say no {D: blank a one}. 657X: No, not a damn once. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # What do you call the trenches cut by a plow? 657X: The uh the rows. Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm and if you had a good field you'd say we raised a big? 657X: Big crop. Interviewer: And to get rid of all the brush and trees you were doing what? 657X: Clear the land. Interviewer: If you uh cut the crop once and it enough grew back to cut it again what would you call that? 657X: Second cutting. Interviewer: Okay uh what would you call the grass that was left over? 657X: Now that I don't know. Interviewer: Alright. Um if um you a crop came up that you had not planted that year what's that? 657X: That's a volunteer. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Uh wheat would be tied up into a? 657X: Into a sheaf. Interviewer: And you pile sheafs into a? 657X: Into a stack I don't- I don't Interviewer: Okay uh-uh and um Measure we raise forty what of wheat to an acre? 657X: Forty bushels. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you do to oats to separate the grain from the shaft? 657X: You uh you y- you {X} it you uh I- I- I've seen pictures but I don't know exactly what. Interviewer: You know the term flash or #1 thread? # 657X: #2 Flash # yeah. Interviewer: Alright uh. 657X: Honestly I hadn't associated that with with oats I associated that with with wheat. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm If uh several people had been to see you and they were leaving you might say well I hope? 657X: I hope you'll come again. Interviewer: Would you ever say you all? 657X: Oh yeah. Interviewer: How would you use that? 657X: Well I'm I'm glad you all came. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would you ever say you all to one person? 657X: No. I don't anyhow. Interviewer: mm-kay um You might say if no one else will look out for them they've got to look out for? 657X: Themselves. Interviewer: And if no one will do it for him he's got to do it? 657X: For himself. Interviewer: Okay. uh If I were talking about some kinds of food what is made of flour and baked in a loaf? 657X: Bread. Interviewer: What some types of bread made from flour? 657X: Well there is um there is a french bread there's a a a b- b- br- bread that uh comes in in square sort of square little rectangular loaves. There's uh there used to be a great deal of difference in loaves. There was a French loaf which was one kind of of bread {NW} but uh it's just a loaves I would would say according to the type of bread. Interviewer: Do you make any bread out of cornmeal? 657X: No. Cornmeal is not looked upon as being bread. It's uh it's used for muffins and uh corn sticks #1 and {X}. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Did you ever hear of a corn dog {X}? 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 657X: But I don't know #1 {D: what it is} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # okay. um Bread that you made at home what would you call that? 657X: Homemade bread. Interviewer: And suppose you bought it in the store it would be? 657X: Well it would be just a loaf of bread. Interviewer: Okay. And what is the kind of pasty that's fried usually round with a hole in the center? 657X: Donuts. Interviewer: Now I think in New Orleans they have 657X: #1 square ones? # 657X: #2 Square ones. # Yes. Interviewer: What do they call it? 657X: Th- those are really uh not exactly donuts. we call those beignets. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm And if you make up a batter and five three or four things on a griddle and eat them with syrup that's? 657X: Uh hotcakes. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh What would you put in bread to make it rise? 657X: Yeast. Interviewer: K and what um if you went to the store this is a weight to buy it you buy two what of flour? 657X: It was {NW} i- it uh two packs. Interviewer: Well weight. 657X: Oh. Well two two pounds. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um the inside part of the egg is called? 657X: The yolk. Interviewer: And the color is? The color of the yolk is? 657X: It's the the color of the yolk is yellow. Interviewer: mm-hmm If you cook eggs in hot water what are they? 657X: Hard boiled. Interviewer: Suppose if you cracked the egg and let it fall into the water? 657X: That's supposed to be poached I s- I think but I never did it. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 It is. # Yes. Uh what do you call salt or sugar cured meat that you might boil with greens? 657X: Um. That would be u- uh sometimes pickled meat. sometimes salt meat. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But the salt meat is usually uh scalded so as to get the heavy salt taste out of it. Interviewer: If you cut the side of a hog what would you call that meat? 657X: Side meat I don't. Interviewer: Alright that's fine. What would you call meat that you bought unsliced and then later on you'd slash it and fry it with eggs? 657X: That would be uh the yeah that would be uh slicing. That would be a a st- steak {D: rare and vetted} steak. Interviewer: What do you call the meat that's already sliced and that you fry with eggs in breakfast? 657X: We buy it as a round as a as a round steak and then cut it up into pieces and fry it with a with a vat of eggs and dip it in in uh bread crumbs and then fry it. Interviewer: What would what do you call that? 657X: We call those {C: speaking French} #1 in in New Orleans. # Interviewer: #2 I don't know that word. # Interviewer2: #1 {D: Is that is that beef or pork}? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 657X: No that would be that would be the beef or veal. Interviewer2: Oh okay. Interviewer: {C: speaking French} is a is a French word strictly. It's a piece of meat that would be say about this big. mm 657X: You dip it in the the the beaten egg. Interviewer: mm-hmm And then pass it in bread crumbs and then fry it. mm-hmm 657X: And then the {C: speaking French) also {X} with gravy. Which are about the same size they sear it first and then they They cook in a in a brown gravy or a tomato gravy whichever Interviewer: mm 657X: people prefer. And that's served with grits #1 was a # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: was a very standard breakfast amongst the creoles. Interviewer: {D: Say} that sounds good how do you spell {C: speaking French}? 657X: G-R-I-L-L-A-D-E Interviewer: Okay I'll. 657X: S for the plural. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh well to get back to this I was talk about something from pork although I'm glad they had that. 657X: Pork chops. Interviewer: What's something you eat for breakfast very commonly today. It's strips of? 657X: Bacon? Interviewer: Yes mm-hmm 657X: Oh yes. Interviewer: Too obvious. #1 What might you call the # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the outside the outside of the the bacon is 657X: Ba- bacon rind. Interviewer: mm-hmm What is the kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain? 657X: Sausage. Interviewer: And the man who cuts up the meat in the store? 657X: Is the butcher. Interviewer: Alright. And if meat has been kept too long you'd say it's done what? 657X: It spoils. Interviewer: What about butter that's kept too long? 657X: Butter gets rancid. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you make from the meat from the head of the hog? 657X: A hogshead cheese. Interviewer: mm-hmm How about a dish? 657X: I think you call it souse. Interviewer: Yes. #1 {D: that's good enough} # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Oh okay 657X: {NW} Interviewer: I don't eat it so I don't #1 know. # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What is a dish made from cooking and grinding up all the liver? 657X: Oh that's a a a sausage. That's uh we call that now I don't think it's made with liver though. No I don't I wouldn't know what that is. Interviewer: What were you about to say? 657X: I was going to tell you about the sausage that they make but it's mostly blood #1 sausage. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: It's called in French {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay that was my next question {X}. Uh did you ever hear a {X} let's skip this question cuz you haven't. Uh thick sour milk that you keep on hand would be called? 657X: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what kind of cheese would you make from that? 657X: Cream cheese. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you had just milked a cow in order to get the impurities out of the milk what might you do first? 657X: That I don't #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Well you # might pour it through a still. 657X: Through a sill. Interviewer: To do what to it? 657X: I I don't know. Interviewer: What if a woman was cooking vegetables she might pour it into a column to to do what? 657X: To strain it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um what would be baked in a deep dish made of some sort of fruit layers of fruit and crust 657X: That would be a {NW} that would be a form a pie. Interviewer: mm-hmm Alright. Do you know the word cobbler? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 657X: A little different. The cobbler is uh generally more juicy than a p- than a pie and {NW} would never the pie is uh served in a in a round pan but you'd make a cobbler in a large pan and serve it in #1 pieces. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # What would you call a sweet liquid that you pour over a cake or pie? 657X: Uh syrup. Interviewer: Alright. mm-hmm And what is food taken between regular meals? 657X: Snacks. Interviewer: Uh if you're running uh some water what would you drink it out of? 657X: A glass. Interviewer: K if the people were all standing around the dinner table and you wanted them to be seated what would you say to them? 657X: Would you sit down? Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you wanted them not to wait until the potatoes were passed what would you say? Go ahead and? 657X: G- uh go ahead and help yourselves. Interviewer: mm-hmm If you decided you didn't want to eat something what um would you say? 657X: Uh thank you I don't care for that or I can't eat that I'd find some excuse. Interviewer: mm-hmm If um you had too much to eat on Sunday and then you warmed it up again on Monday what would you #1 say you had? # 657X: #2 Leftovers. # Interviewer: Yes. You put the food in your mouth and then you? 657X: Chew. Interviewer: And then after you chew it you would? 657X: Swallow. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you make anything out of boiled cornmeal boiled in salt and water? 657X: No. Interviewer: I'm thinking of mush are you familiar with? 657X: Yes I've heard of it but I've never. Interviewer: Alright. Do you have anything called a type of food called cush or cush cush is a different way of saying cush 657X: um No. I I uh I do I've heard it's talked of but uh I don't uh Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call peas and beats and beans and all those things together? 657X: Th- that would be um {X} Cuz I didn't I don't like it Interviewer: #1 Well I don't mean # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: cooked together I mean just #1 what's the general # 657X: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: word for all that kind of thing? 657X: Oh um vegetables. Interviewer: Yeah and vegetables would grow in a? 657X: In a garden. Interviewer: mm-hmm um The grain that is grown in Louisiana and Arkansas is the white grain? 657X: Corn? Interviewer: That the Chinese eat. 657X: Rice. Interviewer: #1 Yes mm # 657X: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: Uh what #1 would you # 657X: #2 They never # had that in Arkansas. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What type do you call corn in whiskey? It's illegal. 657X: That's uh um that's um I'll tell you what they call it around here sometimes rotgut. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {NW} Interviewer: I said it's is it bad? 657X: It's bad. Interviewer: #1 Suppose # 657X: #2 Otherwise # otherwise it's moonshine. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would you may call homemade beer? 657X: {D: home growth} Interviewer: mm-hmm And what would you make out of sugarcane? 657X: A rum. Interviewer: Well I'm not necessarily alcohol but. 657X: Oh. Interviewer: Just to use to pour on something. 657X: Well uh that would be syrup. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um anything else? 657X: Well there's also uh maple syrup #1 uh but uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # We're out of {X} cane. 657X: Out of sorghum cane but sorghum doesn't grow down here. Interviewer: mm 657X: {NW} this is cane country. Interviewer: Do you call anything molasses? 657X: Molasses is what comes in big barrels {D: at least} and use uh use more in commercial. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: But uh you'd have to when um at the um the grinding season you get molasses and uh it's used in homes. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh the opposite of imitation you'd say it's? 657X: Genuine. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh if something was bought in a large quanta you can say it's sold in? 657X: Wholesale. Interviewer: #1 Or? # 657X: #2 In # in bulk. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call a sweet spread that's put on toast? 657X: Jam. Interviewer: Or? 657X: Or jelly. Interviewer: mm-hmm And then you'd season your food with? 657X: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: And if there were a bowl of apples and a child wanted one he'd say? 657X: Give me an apple. Interviewer: mm-hmm And this is uh 657X: Or if he had been told not to say it to ask for things he would say mm I like apples. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Uh just some questions about fruits and vegetables the inside of a cherry is a? 657X: Is a pit. Interviewer: And the inside of a peach? 657X: Is a stone. Interviewer: mm-hmm What uh kinds of peaches are there there? The kind where the meat is tight to the seed? 657X: Well there's uh {D: cling} peaches and free stone. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then what do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 657X: The core. Interviewer: Do you have a term for little pieces of dried apples? 657X: I don't think. {NW} Interviewer: Then uh there's some kinds of nuts first of all the kind that Jimmy Carter is famous for? 657X: Peanuts. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know any other name for peanuts? 657X: Goobers. Interviewer: Anything else? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then what are some other common nuts? 657X: Well we have here pecans walnuts uh and uh I'll tell you the uh the common name for the Brazil nuts they were used to be called nigger toes. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm I've heard that # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh then there's another kind of nut that starts with a A it's flat it's eye shaped? I don't think it grows here. There's a candy bar called something joy. 657X: I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Starts A-L. 657X: Oh almond. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Yeah. oh I should've known that I s- I saw enough almond groves in uh in Spain. {NW} Interviewer: I I didn't know where #1 they were from # 657X: #2 Yes. mm-hmm # Interviewer: Uh what is a kind the kind of fruit from Florida I suppose that you squeeze? 657X: The grapefruit. Interviewer: Or a smaller one. 657X: The orange. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh there's a little red vegetable that's peppery? 657X: Radish. Interviewer: And uh the big red vegetable is a? 657X: Beet. Interviewer: Um bigger than beet. 657X: Bigger than a beet #1 is # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Used in salads #1 or sliced. # 657X: #2 Yes that is # There's uh a red uh {X}. Interviewer: Well this is more this a a common vegetable used in salads. It's a mushy kind of vegetable. 657X: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Yes. 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Do you know the {D: known names for} the little ones? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then along with uh meat you might have a baked? 657X: They call them cherry to- tomatoes. Interviewer: mm-hmm With meat you might have a baked? 657X: A baked potato. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of potato that has orange meat or yellow? 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: Sweet potato? 657X: Oh sweet potato yes. Interviewer: Is that the same as a yam? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: Uh what is the kind of vegetable that makes tears come to your eyes when you cut it? 657X: Onions. Interviewer: What are the smaller ones called? 657X: They're shallots and uh green onions which are the with the stems. Interviewer: mm-hmm And 657X: They're the little onions that the use for pickling. Interviewer: Is that something different? 657X: They're still onions they don't {D: I don't think there's anything} I don't know of any name for them other than. Interviewer: Uh then the uh kind of vegetable that's long and green and used in gumbo. 657X: Okra. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then let's see {X} cabbage. What's another kind of vegetable that comes in a head? 657X: Lettuce. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you wanted to get beans out of the pod you'd say you would do what? 657X: You'd uh well you'd split them. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what i- what is the kind of bean that you have to take out of the pod? 657X: That's those are uh lima beans Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: and uh some green beans {X} the black eyed peas. Interviewer: What are the beans that you don't take out of the pods you just break up and cook the pod? 657X: Well that's just a green the um green beans. I don't know what the other name there is for them. Interviewer: {D: Do you go with snap beans?} 657X: Snap beans. Yes. Interviewer: mm-kay alright And then you uh if you cook the tops of turnips that would be? 657X: Turnip tops and uh well that uh {NW} that would be pot {D: dinner} Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} 657X: {D: do ya} Interviewer: Uh if you had a lot of children like fourteen you'd say you had a whole? 657X: A whole draft of kids. Interviewer: Okay. On the outside of an ear of corn what's that called? 657X: The uh corn shell. Interviewer: And what is what grows in the {D: top of} 657X: Husk. Interviewer: And the stringy stuff that has to be picked off? 657X: The uh I don't know, what I always called them {X}. Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm what do you call the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 657X: Um {D: I'm just just uh} eating corn out of a I don't know if there's any particular name. Interviewer: what is the big round orange thing that's used for jack-o-lanterns? 657X: Pumpkins. Interviewer: What's a yellow {D: crook necked} vegetable? 657X: Well we used to call that we always called that a pumpkin too but it's a {X}. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm What about a smaller one? 657X: Smaller ones are uh {NW} {NW} as a squash. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: A squash family that comes with a neck. Interviewer: mm-hmm What kinds of melons do you have here? 657X: We have uh cantaloupes watermelon that is one of the best melons that they've lost track of I don't see it anymore. We used to call it muskmelon. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: With the slices and uh they're some of these other melons that come from. That's where those uh honeydew melons. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {D: And that's all.} Interviewer: What's the little umbrella s shaped thing that grows up in the woods? 657X: Mushroom. Interviewer: Do you have a name for the poison kind? 657X: No it's {X} poison mushroom. Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm and the things that people smoke are? 657X: Cigarettes or cigars. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what do you call the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 657X: An owl. Interviewer: Are there different varieties of those? 657X: Yes. There are uh there are th- the smaller {X} the large um um um owls that are birds of prey. Interviewer: mm-hmm How about a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 657X: uh Woodpecker. Interviewer: Are there different types of those? 657X: I think they are. There's a red head woodpecker the ivory bill woodpecker and just the ordinary kind who gets up and drums on trees. Interviewer: Do you have the great big one? 657X: No so ours are rather small. {X} I guess this is about the largest. Interviewer: Did you ever see the very big one? 657X: No I not except in a in an exhibition of a stuffed bird. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm um What is the kind of animal that has a bad smell? 657X: Skunk. Interviewer: mm-hmm what would you call the ki- animals that would come and get your chickens? 657X: Uh well you have uh they would be the um I don't know. Weasels. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh there's there's another one that's probably more common than a weasel. I don't remember the- Interviewer: Do you have one general name for all kinds of pesty animals? 657X: No. Th- e- except that uh you refer to them as varmints. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm Uh what's the bushy tailed animal that lives in trees? 657X: Squirrel. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of squirrels here? 657X: Um yeah some gray Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 and red. # Interviewer: mm-hmm how about a little animal that looks a little like a squirrel ? But it doesn't have a bushy tail and it has a stripe down it's back and it runs on the ground and I don't think you have them here. 657X: That's a skunk. Interviewer: No. 657X: No oh a chipmunk. Interviewer: Yes. #1 uh-uh # 657X: #2 chipmunk yes # Interviewer: Are there any here? 657X: No they're more in the f- further North than here especially in the mountains in in the West they're just all over the place. Interviewer: mm What kinds of fish do you have here particularly? 657X: Well we have everything in the fish pond from trout to to uh red fish {X} mackerel Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: um mullets um white trout um. Well there're so many of the sea fish {X} {X} a heavy sea fish {X} the uh yellowtail {X} in the uh definitely um sword fish and sharks. Where all that Interviewer: #1 mm mm # 657X: #2 {D: in in the} # area of the gulf Interviewer: mm What other kinds of seafood are there? 657X: Oysters crabs shrimp. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What is # 657X: #2 and # Interviewer: the uh fresh water thing that looks a little like a lobster but it's small? 657X: Crawfish. Interviewer: Yes that's currently famous in #1 Louisiana. # 657X: #2 Yeah. # They're not seafood. Interviewer: #1 not that they # 657X: #2 They're # swamp food. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Really? Okay. # 657X: But I'll tell you they are great. Interviewer: What kinds of snakes do you have? 657X: Uh well we have the rattlesnakes D: North of the lake {NW}. We have uh kingsnakes around here little grass snakes and I don't know of any other poisonous snakes than the case of the rattler. But uh most of the snakes down this way are rather harmless. Interviewer: And uh the animals that croak would be? 657X: Frogs. Interviewer: What do you call the big one? 657X: Bullfrog. Interviewer: What do you call the small one? 657X: Just a little frog. Interviewer: How about the kind that lives in the garden? 657X: Don't have them in New Orleans. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would you dig up for fishing? 657X: Worms. Interviewer: What kind? 657X: The um the lo- long ones that uh that you get in uh in uh for instance in uh {X} {D: I put two leaves and uh}. What do you call that that pile that you get the garden uh stuff out of? Interviewer2: #1 It's compost. Composts. # Interviewer: #2 Composts. mm-hmm # Uh then the animal that has a hard shell and can draw in it's head and legs? 657X: Turtle. Interviewer: Do you have uh several kinds of turtles? 657X: Yes there're the big sea turtles then there are the uh the um {NW} the turtle that's used for uh making turtle soup which is a very special turtle. We have a a strictly French name for it they call it a {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: How do you spell that? 657X: Uh nobody can tell #1 you that. Then # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 657X: not even not even the next {X} {X} who is an authority on French he still has never discovered how to spell it {C: speaking French} Interviewer: {NW} 657X: But that's a that's a a French water turtle That is the um very much sought after for making turtle Interviewer: #1 soup. # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: See- then there are the little uh box turtles that can close their- their shell up {X} Interviewer: They're dry land. 657X: They're dry land. Interviewer: Are there any other dry land turtles? 657X: Uh I don't know. Interviewer: Would you ever call a {X} a gopher? 657X: No. Interviewer: I didn't think so. What would you call an insect that flies around the light. 657X: I I wish you would tell me because I haven't seen many in so many years but for the the uh ordinary ordinary insect is a moth. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But there was a there was an insect that flew around the electric glass {D: they caught in electric lights}. That used to be think about this big a repulsive looking things with a black wing and stripe on it. And they would fly around those carbon lights. {X} {NS} don't see them any more with the with the carbon lights going out of use and you don't see those insects anymore. Interviewer: mm 657X: We used to call them electric bright bulb bugs. Interviewer: mm mm-kay What uh has a little light in its tail? 657X: That's a firefly. Interviewer: Um what is a long thin bodied insect #1 that has a # 657X: #2 And we also # call that a lightning bug. Interviewer: Okay yeah that's what I call them. 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: A long thin bodied insect that has two pairs of wings and you find them around water? 657X: Would that be the uh the uh what we call uh mosquito hawk Interviewer: mm-kay {X} what kinds of stinging insects do you know? 657X: Wasps bees Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: and uh the {C: could be the IO caterpillar} caterpillar get sort of {D: they use that as a sort of a} of a triangular shape. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Uh it's called some kind of moth but it can really poison you. Interviewer: mm What's the insect that bites and used to carry malaria? 657X: That was the mosquito. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what is the little insect that burrows in your skin? 657X: Uh tick. Interviewer: Well there's another kind too that I I think may be smaller. Interviewer2: Sometimes associated with Spanish moss. Interviewer: Well I don't know if they have Spanish moss here. 657X: We used to but we never #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh-uh # Well would you call it a chigger or a {X}? 657X: I thought chigger was out in the country more than- Interviewer: Maybe. 657X: um yeah I've experienced chiggers in Tennessee. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Would would you call them chiggers here? 657X: Uh no they usually they don't usually call them chiggers here I don't think they use the word very much I've heard people use it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But uh it uh They're very common in the in Tennessee and the mountains I'll have chiggers on me Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 on {X} # Interviewer: I haven't and I don't want to. Uh what do you call the kind of insect that hops around in grass? 657X: The the um the um the grasshopper. Interviewer: mm And a little fish you'd use for bait would be a? 657X: {X} Interviewer: If you haven't swept or cleaned your house and in this corner you might have a? 657X: Cobwebs. Interviewer: Okay. What are the parts of trees that grow under the ground? 657X: The roots. Interviewer: Okay. {X} sugar maples I think if you had a group of sugar maples what would you call that? 657X: A grove. Interviewer: And what kinds of trees do you have around here most commonly? 657X: Well we have the oak cypress elm myrtle and uh um Interviewer: Sycam-? 657X: Sycamore #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: Sycamore's a nuisance. Interviewer: mm 657X: and they Interviewer: And that does the big tree that has the big white blossoms? 657X: and uh #1 Magnolia # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: and Hackberry which is also a nuisance. Interviewer: mm Uh what's the kind of tree they say George Washington cut down? 657X: The cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: We don't have cherries here. Interviewer: And a kind of bush that turns red early in the fall and has red berries and some say it's poisonous. 657X: Sumac. Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm and what what kind of poisonous vines do you have? 657X: Uh poison ivy. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 and um # That's about the the only bad one. There's also poison oak. Interviewer: Is it the same thing? 657X: No it's a different vine it it is a vine but it's different from poison ivy. Interviewer: mm-kay What kinds of berries are there? 657X: {NW} Blackberries Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: strawberries Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: uh there's some uh {NW} some huckleberries in the woods North of here but uh. Interviewer: There's a kind that begins with an R that I don't think #1 it grows. # 657X: #2 Raspberry. # Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm um and then these are some terms for members of the family if a married woman were referring to the man she's married to she she would say I have to ask my? 657X: Husband. Interviewer: You'd say I'd have to ask my? 657X: My wife. Interviewer: Okay um a woman who's lost her husband is a? 657X: A widow. Interviewer: Do you have a term for a woman whose husband has left her? 657X: um Well they refer to her as a grass widow. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: as a- a- a- as a grass widow and the other one is {D: the sun widow}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah that. What did you call your father? 657X: Papa. Interviewer: And your mother? 657X: Mama. Interviewer: And your father and mother together would be your? 657X: My parents. Interviewer: What did you call your grandparents? 657X: Well we used the French term {C: speaking French, the word is probably Maman} Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 which is gran- granny # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: #1 {C: speaking French} and {C: speaking French} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm {NS} # mm-hmm okay. Uh then your sons and daughters would be your? 657X: Children. Interviewer: And a name that the child is called by just in the family would be his? 657X: Well his uh would be a nickname. Interviewer: mm-hmm and what would you put a baby into that has wheels and you can push it? 657X: A go cart. Interviewer: Alright. If you 657X: Or a or a baby buggy but we called it a go cart. Interviewer: If you put the baby in a buggy and then took it out what would you say you were doing? 657X: For a walk. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um your children would be your sons and your? 657X: Daughters. Interviewer: Or your boys and? 657X: Girls. Interviewer: Uh if a woman was going to have a baby what would you say she is? 657X: Well not that many interesting ways of saying that. #1 In French we refer to it as # 657X: #2 {NS} # 657X: #1 {D: being in an interesting position}. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: mm 657X: {C: speaking French} Interviewer: {D: What} 657X: #1 U- u- uh she's she's pregnant. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 Anything else? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: uh They uh they refer to it {C: speaking French} bigness. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And that's uh {C: speaking French} Interviewer: If you don't have a doctor to deliver a baby the woman who might help would be a? 657X: A midwife. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if a boy and his father have the same appearance you'd say the boy? 657X: Is a chip off the old block. Interviewer: Good. Uh if a woman has taken care of children till they're grown you'd say she has? 657X: She has raised them. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh if a child were about to be punished you'd say yeah you're going to get a? 657X: You're going to get a good licking. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a child that's born to an unmarried woman? 657X: Well he's either illegitimate or a bastard. Interviewer: #1 Alright um your brother's son is your? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: My brother's son is my nephew. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # A child who's lost his father and mother is an? 657X: Is an orphan. Interviewer: And the court might appoint someone to look after it a legal? 657X: A legal u- uh tutor or a or a guardian. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um all the people who are kin to you would be your? 657X: My cousins or my relatives. Interviewer: And if somebody was not kin to you you'd say he's no? 657X: He's no kin. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call someone who came into town that you've never seen before? 657X: A stranger. Interviewer: Suppose he's from a foreign country? 657X: A foreigner. Interviewer: Would you ever call somebody a foreigner from this country? 657X: Well in joking we would but {NW} {D: but not that.} Interviewer: How far away would he have to come from to be a foreigner? 657X: Canada. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the name of the mother of Jesus is? 657X: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington's wife? 657X: Was Martha. Interviewer: And there's a whole song wait 'til the sun shines? 657X: Nellie. Interviewer: Okay. And then Jimmy Carter's brother is named? 657X: Billy. {NW} Interviewer: Uh first of the four gospels is? 657X: Matthew. Interviewer: mm-hmm A woman who conducts school is a? 657X: School teacher. Interviewer: mm-hmm um # Interviewer: #1 If there was a a married woman named Cooper # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # and you didn't know her first name you'd call her? 657X: Now what was that? Interviewer: A married woman named Cooper you wanted to address her and you don't know her first name so you call her? 657X: Mrs Cooper. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call a carpenter who was not well trained and didn't do a good job? 657X: Is a botch. Interviewer: Oh yeah I've heard that one. 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you know the term jackleg? 657X: Jackleg yes. Interviewer: Is that just for a 657X: Jackleg applies to a carpenter as well as to somebody else who messes up things. Interviewer: Such as? 657X: Such as a stone cutter who uh doesn't cut the stone right or uh or uh or they're putting in concrete that doesn't mix it right what can you expect from a jackleg like that? Interviewer: Would you use jackleg for somebody like a doctor or a lawyer? 657X: Yeah not for the lawyers but for a doctor. Interviewer: mm-hmm okay um What relation 657X: For a lawyer you would call him a shyster. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # What relation would my mother's sister be to me? 657X: Your mother's sister would be your aunt. Interviewer: mm-hmm The wife of Abraham would be? 657X: Well well that he had a couple of them {X} Interviewer: How about his his legitimate wife I guess his main wife? 657X: Was Zipporah or- Interviewer: Well the one the mother of Isaac. 657X: Was it Leah? Interviewer: Begins with an S. 657X: Sarah. Interviewer: uh-huh um If you your father had a brother called John you would call him? 657X: Either Johnny or Jack. Interviewer: Well he was your father's brother you'd call him? 657X: Oh uncle. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if um {NW} he had a brother called William you'd call him? 657X: Bill. Interviewer: #1 No uncle # 657X: #2 but he would also be # he'd also be my uncle. Interviewer: You'd call him uncle? 657X: Uncle Bill. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then the the commander of the army would be? 657X: Commander in chief. Interviewer: The highest rank in the army would be what title? 657X: Would be a general. Interviewer: And what would {X}? 657X: #1 Well you have the gra- graduation as a general # 657X: #2 {NS} # uh a major general the brigadier general or the lieutenant generals comes at the top {D: lieutenant} general major general brigadier colonel Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: lieutenant colonel um captain Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: first lieutenant second lieutenant who is who we refer to as the {X}. Interviewer: {D: yeah you why this why that}? 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. That's that's as far down as we need to go. The man who presides over the court would be a? 657X: A judge? Interviewer: And a child in school would be a? 657X: A scholar or a student. Interviewer: What's the difference there? 657X: Well a scholar would probably come up higher. Interviewer: Okay. And then the person that does the typing and the filing in an office is the? 657X: Stenographer. Interviewer: Or? 657X: Secretary. Interviewer: And a woman on the stage would be an? 657X: An actress. Interviewer: mm-hmm And your nationality is? 657X: M- mine? Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I'm an American. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a person whose skin was black you'd say is what race? 657X: Negro. Interviewer: What would you call a negro how do you refer to them? 657X: Well nowadays we're supposed to refer to them as blacks. Interviewer: Was there a different term when you were growing up? 657X: Yes. They didn't want to be called blacks. In those days they were colored people. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh and we uh called them we we referred to them if I was writing or speaking formally I would refer to them as a negro. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh {NW} if I were belittling him I'd call him a nigger. Interviewer: Okay. And your race is? 657X: I'm I'm caucasian. I'm a white. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh what would black people say to a belittle white people what would they call them? 657X: Call them a honky. Interviewer: mm-kay Uh what would you call a child born of a racially mixed marriage? 657X: He's a mixed breed. Interviewer: mm Okay this probably a good point for me to ask you what a Cajun is. 657X: A Cajun is uh is a descendant of the Acadian refugees who were driven out of Nova Scotia by the British. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The British had habit of driving people off in no direction. They came down here to Louisiana and they settled in the bayou country around Saint Martinville and that area. And their descendants are the Cajuns now they're not the same thing as creole. Interviewer: mm-hmm What are creoles? 657X: Creoles are descendants of French and Spanish um p- people not necessarily original uh colonies but descendants of French and Spanish people who settled here in Louisiana. They are not black. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Now everything that was supposed to be the best was creole Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: For instance creole tomatoes the best tomatoes. Interviewer: Ah. 657X: Uh and various things were called creole th- they were better and a good nigger was a creole nigger. Interviewer: Oh mm-hmm 657X: And that's where they get the id- that's where people get the idea that creoles are that they're uh half uh negro Interviewer: mm 657X: That is wrong. I'm proud to be a creole. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I'm of a mixed Latin ancestry. Interviewer: mm 657X: I got all the worst. Interviewer: {NW} Do creoles have to have a mixture of blood? 657X: uh Yes. Well now it's not th- th- they're not necessarily pure French or pure {X} usually are but uh they really could be more descendants of the colonials. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: For instance we have a lot of of uh creoles with uh German ancestry. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: Because the Germans came here settled in the river parishes. And uh since the priests were all French and the majority of the people were French they they Gallicized their names. And one of the strangest examples you might be interested in this story A German by the name of {X} Z-W-E-I-G came to marry a creole girl a a French girl. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh the priest when the priest asked the name he was told Nicholas Zweig and he says {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm 657X: And then somebody in the congregation held up the branch of a tree Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: a a a sprig of. Interviewer: mm 657X: And oh he said why didn't you tell me that in the first place? Your name is {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm 657X: And the {X} family has come down 657X: all from Zweig and are known as {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: #1 So the German family? # 657X: #2 Had # a German u- u- they have a German background and. Interviewer: The name is not translated 657X: Well the name was translated as Zweig in German is a branch. Interviewer: mm 657X: And from th- from that the {X} family stems. Interviewer: mm 657X: Although the original name would've been {X} Interviewer: mm 657X: And they've done the same thing with a lot of names uh the R-O-N-E family originally was R-O-H-N. Interviewer: mm 657X: The uh {X} family H-Y or H-I-M-E-L were originally {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm 657X: and uh {X} H-E-Y-D-E-L was {X} H-E-I-D-L. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {NW} And all of those names had been come from their German ancestry. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm 657X: And some of them consider themselves Cajuns some of them consider themselves creoles and {X} Interviewer: Yes. {X} What would you call white people who are not well off and they don't try to better themselves? 657X: Poor white trash. Interviewer: #1 Okay uh-huh what would you call # 657X: #2 And # that applies in Georgia as well as Interviewer: Oh yes. #1 All over the south. # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do you call the people that grow up out in the country? 657X: Um well we'd call it country- folks are Cajuns. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm um These are some parts of the body that I'll just point to what do you call this part of your head? 657X: Forehead. Interviewer: Alright what do you call this? 657X: The head. Interviewer: And that's a? 657X: The beard. Interviewer: uh-uh uh this is b- is what? 657X: The ear. Interviewer: Which one? 657X: That's the left ear. Interviewer: And this is the? 657X: Right ear. Interviewer: Okay this is my? 657X: Your mouth and your lips. Interviewer: And this the whole thing is my? 657X: Your neck. Interviewer: And you swallow down your? 657X: Throat. Interviewer: And this part on a man is the? 657X: #1 That's the Adam's apple. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # And the dentist would look at your? 657X: Teeth. Interviewer: And he'd fill one? 657X: He'd fill a tooth. Interviewer: mm-hmm and the flesh around the teeth? 657X: They are the gums. Interviewer: And then this part is the? 657X: That's a palm of your hand. Interviewer: And now the whole the whole thing both of them you have two? 657X: Two hands. Interviewer: mm-hmm and this is a? 657X: Fist. Interviewer: You have two? 657X: Two fists. Interviewer: Uh the place where you bend is a? 657X: Elbow. Interviewer: Or any place where you'd bend? 657X: Is a joint. Interviewer: mm-hmm And the other part of a man's body is his? 657X: His chest. Interviewer: And these are his? 657X: Shoulders. Interviewer: And uh the limb at the bottom is the? 657X: Your leg. Interviewer: mm-hmm And at the bottom of the leg is the? 657X: Is the ankle and the foot. Interviewer: And you have two? 657X: Thighs. Two uh calves. Interviewer: At the bottom your two one foot two? 657X: O- one uh one right foot one left foot. Interviewer: There are two? 657X: And uh toes. Interviewer: Or one foot. 657X: Feet. Interviewer: Two feet okay. #1 Um # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the top part of the leg is the? 657X: Is the shin. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you got down like this you'd say you're getting down on your? 657X: {X} Interviewer: Okay th- what how do you describe that action? 657X: Squatting down. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody had been sick and now he's getting better you might say he still looks a little bit? 657X: He still looks a little pink. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what do you call a man who can pick up heavy weights he's big and? 657X: He's big and hefty. Interviewer: Okay uh what would you call someone who always has a smile on his face and a nice word to say? 657X: Um well he's I don't know I guess it's from being old it's pleasant. Interviewer: mm-hmm that's fine what about a teenage boy who's always stumbling and dropping things? 657X: He's awkward. Interviewer: mm-hmm And a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense he's just playing? 657X: Playing goof. Interviewer: Okay how about the word fool would you use? 657X: Fool yes. Interviewer: mm-hmm And a person who won't spend any money is a? 657X: miser. Interviewer: Okay. Um #1 if you said a person # 657X: #2 Or a # or a penny pincher. Interviewer: if you said a person was common what would you mean? 657X: {D: Okay well they would} that they acted uh cr- crudely or rudely Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 and had no finesse about them. # Interviewer: #2 If # if an old person was still very strong and able to get about you'd say he's still awfully? 657X: Still awfully good Interviewer: K 657X: for his age. Interviewer: #1 And um if a # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: child didn't want to go upstairs in the dark he might say well I'm? 657X: Afraid. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh And if someone left some money on the table and left the door open you might say he was being very? 657X: Careless. Interviewer: Um if you said there's nothing wrong with Aunt Lucy but sometimes she acts a little bit? 657X: Just a little uh flighty she. Interviewer: Would you ever say queer for that? 657X: Now the word queer has been had been very badly treated. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But she would have been she's she's a little bit queer. Interviewer: What does it mean now? Queer? 657X: Now it means the homosexuals. Interviewer: mm-hmm if uh somebody #1 {X} # 657X: #2 There are two words # that it's a shame that they've uh degraded it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Gay and uh and queer. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Because they they are good words Interviewer: Yes. 657X: Especially gay it's a It's a shame that it's given that connotation. Interviewer: I- I agree completely with that. Uh if somebody will never change his mind you'd say don't be so? 657X: Don't be so stubborn. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if somebody can't take a joke you might tell him don't be so? 657X: Don't be so disagreeable or don't be so uh Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm 657X: so silly. Interviewer: mm-hmm and Then you might say Well I was just teasing and I didn't know he'd get? 657X: Mad. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if there was a fire in the building you might tell everybody {D: now} don't get excited just? 657X: Just calm down. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you were you've been working hard you'd say you were? 657X: Tired. Interviewer: And if you were very tired you're all? 657X: All worn out. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh if a person has been well and suddenly you hear he's got a disease you'd say oh when was it that he? 657X: When was it that he that it hit him or when was Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: that he uh that he got sick? Interviewer: Yeah. And uh if he started sneezing and his eyes were watering you'd say that he did what? 657X: Caught cold. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if it affected his voice and it got very low you'd say he's? 657X: Got a frog in his {X}. Interviewer: Or. 657X: Hoarse. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you go {NS} you've got a? 657X: You have a well that would be a cold or Interviewer: Well you'd be doing what? 657X: Cough. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh And if you can't hear anything at all you're stone? 657X: Deaf. Interviewer: And a man might take off his shirt after he'd been working and say look how much I have? 657X: Sweat. Interviewer: mm-hmm A discharging sore that comes to a head is a? 657X: A boil. Interviewer: And what comes out of a boil? 657X: um {NW} {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm um Then what what does a blister what kind of liquid? 657X: Water. Interviewer: If a person was shot in the war he'd have a bullet? 657X: Wound. Interviewer: What would you call flesh that doesn't heal right around the wound? 657X: A scar or a Interviewer: It has to be cut out sometimes. 657X: I- I don't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Do you know the term proud flesh? 657X: Yeah. Yes I know proud flesh. They're usually associated with the things around your fingers that get annoying. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Uh what is the brown liquid {D: medicine} that stings that you put on a cut? 657X: Iodine. Interviewer: And then a pack of tonic they used to take for malaria? {NS} 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: See what else I know about it. I don't know much else about it. um Starts with a Q. 657X: Oh quinine. Interviewer: uh-huh um And then if a person was sick and didn't get well you'd say he? 657X: He's uh Interviewer: #1 Well he didn't # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: He's not living anymore. He? 657X: Oh if he died. Interviewer: Is are there other ways of saying died? 657X: Yeah croaked. Interviewer: Any other? 657X: Kick the bucket. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh #1 If you # 657X: #2 Or as the uh # as the uh black ones say they took the journey. Interviewer: #1 mm mm-hmm # 657X: #2 They've taken # #1 they've taken the journey. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay. If you don't know the cause of his death you'd say I don't know what he? 657X: I don't know what he died of. Interviewer: mm-hmm And a place where people are buried is a? 657X: Cemetery. Interviewer: And the box in which they're placed is? 657X: The coffin or the casket. Interviewer: Is there a difference? 657X: Well {NW} It's a technicality. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The coffin was the old time coffin that uh had a smaller octagon and and tapered narrowed down to the feet. And uh nowadays they call a casket it's more it's square it a more ornate Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 affair. # Uh actually a casket is a is a container for jewels. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 But uh # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: they call these uh things casket. Now there are there were also uh coffins that were made of uh cast iron that uh well like an Egyptian uh money case Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: that uh they used to use. but they were referred to as coffins. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um what is the ceremony when a person dies? 657X: The uh the uh funeral Interviewer: #1 Right. # 657X: #2 rites. # Interviewer: Alright and um when people are wearing black you'd say they're in 657X: In mourning. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um 657X: Here we have three different grades of mourning. We have full mourning where the widow will put a veil over her face and a long veil hanging down. And uh then there was a second mourning where they uh would wear black and white. And then finally they would go back to colors. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I don't think my grandmother ever was e- e- entirely out of mourning in all her life. Interviewer: mm 657X: She was every time somebody died there was they were very strict on mourning on wearing mourning clothes. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Um if uh the children were out late and your wife was getting upset you might say don't worry yeah they'll they'll they'll be home alright just don't? 657X: Don't worry. Interviewer: mm-hmm And she might say well I can't help feeling a little bit? 657X: {D: Feeling I I've} worried about them. Interviewer: The opposite of easy would be? 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: Not feeling easy #1 but? # 657X: #2 But I've # I can't help but feeling uneasy. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then the uh disease that old people get in their joints is? 657X: {D: We- the new} well it was rheumatism now it's arthritis. Interviewer: Alright. Uh there's a sore throat that children used to get that they #1 die of? # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm And a disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 657X: Hepatitis or yellow fever. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then If you had your appendix taken out you've had an attack of? 657X: Of appendicitis. Interviewer: If you eat something that doesn't agree with you and it come back up you have to? 657X: Indigestion you have to vomit. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is there another way of saying that? 657X: Upchuck. Interviewer: Is that is upchuck a polite term or {D: crude term}? 657X: uh I don't uh think uh I think the thing is uh probably vomit is more proper but I don't think upchuck is too bad. Interviewer: Is there a very bad way of saying that? 657X: Oh yeah he in th- we have a wonderful one in French. And he just he just threw threw up his guts. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's not pleasant. # 657X: #2 {NW} # That's very unpleasant. Interviewer: If you are feeling as though you might need to throw up you'd say I'm sick where? 657X: I'm sick in the stomach. Interviewer: #1 Okay uh # 657X: #2 Now # some people say sick to the stomach Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: but uh. Interviewer: I say sick at the stomach. 657X: Yes. Interviewer: People say all kinds of #1 things {D: don't they}? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Uh if a boy keeps going over to the same girl's house all the time you'd say he's doing what? 657X: He's courting. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what would you call him he's her? 657X: He's her boyfriend or he's uh her sweetheart. Interviewer: And she's his what? 657X: Sh- his sweetheart. Interviewer: Alright and if he came home with lipstick on his collar his little brother might say he's been? 657X: You been kissing? Interviewer: mm-hmm And if he asked her to marry him and she wouldn't have him you'd say she did what? 657X: She turned him down. Interviewer: Or she just told him not to come over any more you'd say she did what? 657X: She told him to take a walk Interviewer: #1 Huh ah. # 657X: #2 forever. # Interviewer: How about if they were engaged and all of the sudden she? 657X: She broke the engagement. Interviewer: Alright. But if she didn't break the engagement they went ahead and got? 657X: Got married. Interviewer: And um the man who stands up with the groom? 657X: Is the best man. Interviewer: And the woman with the bride? 657X: The maid of honor. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh do you have a name for a noisy party after a wedding? Not the reception but they go over to the house and shoot guns. 657X: Well they had a big blow out and uh uh they they really really w- went wild. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: There's so many expressions you can use for a thing like that. Interviewer: Well there's one in particular that's comes from a French term the English version of it is chivalry. 657X: Oh a chivalry that's that's a different kind of wedding. Interviewer: What kind is that? 657X: Well that's where uh uh an older woman and an older man suddenly decides to get married and there's a there's a varia- variation in their ages. Or in other words she probably most people thought well that old gal she'll never get out Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: get a husband. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh then they have a chivalry {NW} And then get uh they when these people get to their house the whole troop comes along there with with cans and horns and whistles and whatnot. And makes uh as the French expression is {C: speaking French} Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: But that's for a special kind of a wedding. Interviewer: #1 mm Let's stop a minute and get this # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 tape changed because it's about to run out. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: Have some accent, but I don't think it's very #1 strong. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: Um well I think compared to some other people I think well you have {D: more of an} accent when you {NS} for instance. 657X: Is that right? Interviewer: mm-hmm uh What would you #1 call a? # 657X: #2 {D: Now you see} # he didn't speak French as much as o- a- as much as I did. Although a bunch of French people here would not know this {B}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: He was {B}. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: And when I first met him I asked him if he was of the {B} and he said You know nobody has asked me that in #1 years. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Oh mm} # 657X: I haven't. And it turned out then that we had #1 a mutual ancestor. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Um When young people go out on the floor and move around to music that's a? 657X: Dance. Interviewer: Do you have a special name for a dance at home or party at home? 657X: uh {NW} Yes there- well you have a- a- a house party house where you invite just certain you call it, we call that a soiree Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Uh you said a four o clock school does what? 657X: Lets out. Interviewer: And in the fall school does what? 657X: Closes. Interviewer: Well it not the fall it would close in the spring. 657X: But it well here we close uh here we close in uh in the spring yes and in the summer. Interviewer: So what happens in September it? 657X: In in September school takes in. Interviewer: Okay. If a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up you'd say he? #1 {X} # 657X: #2 Played # hooky. Interviewer: And uh what if he was in college he? 657X: I don't know I wasn't in college. Interviewer: K. Um you go to school to get a what? 657X: #1 To get an education. # Interviewer: #2 {D: mm} # #1 And after high school well after # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: kindergarten you go into the? 657X: Into the grades. Interviewer: Alright. Then uh the teacher sits behind a? 657X: A desk. Interviewer: And each all the children have their own? 657X: Th- their own desks. Interviewer: mm-hmm A building especially for books is a? 657X: A library. Interviewer: You mail a package at the? 657X: Post office. Interviewer: You stay overnight in a strange town in a? 657X: In a hotel Interviewer: #1 Yes. # 657X: #2 or a motel. # Interviewer: You see a play in a? 657X: At a theater. Interviewer: An operation in a? 657X: Hospital. Interviewer: And the lady that looks after you is? 657X: Is a nurse. Interviewer: And you catch a #1 train at a? # 657X: #2 {NW} # At the railroad station. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 And then an # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: open place in a city maybe around a courthouse where the where the grass and trees grow? 657X: Is a park. Interviewer: Alright. If you're crossing the street and you don't go straight across but you go at an angle that's walking? 657X: Diagonally. Interviewer: Alright suppose there's a piece of furniture that's not sitting against the wall but sitting across a corner? 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you know the term kitty corner or catty corner? 657X: I heard of catty corner yes. Interviewer: mm-kay mm-hmm And then the vehicle that runs on tracks and has wires is a? 657X: Is um{NS} a- a street car.{NS} Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 {D: the street car} uh # Interviewer: #1 And then you say to the driver that corner is where I? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: Want to get down. Interviewer: And if the cat run over to the door and meowed you'd say the cat? {D: what?} 657X: The the cat wants to go out. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh Then the the main town in a parish would be called the? 657X: The the uh parish seat uh o- or a county seat. Interviewer: Would you use county seat for the #1 Louisiana? # 657X: #2 And # frequently use county seat when they're referring to the parish seat. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # #1 {X} # 657X: #2 County # s- seems to go better with seat Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 {D: than parish.} # Do you know why we got the name parish? Interviewer: No. 657X: Because when du- during the colonial times the churches were established in certain places and the the uh population came along where the church was and uh each church was a- was a parish. There's you still find parish churches in uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Catholic and Episcopal Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: church if they have a #1 parish. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Well when the ca- time came for a for dividing up the state into counties and {X} the first constitution called them counties. Interviewer: mm 657X: But they were the counties were had been built around the area that was governed by the church parish. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And so that's and so one of the later legislatures came up and said that we should call them parishes and that would make it more distinctive which was what they were historically. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: So that's why we have Saint John's Saint James Saint Charles Assumption Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: Ascension and one uh Uh my uh captain in the first world war asked me what did they assume that they called the place assumption? I said well since you're not Catholic I'll tell you what it is {X} in uh celebration of the assumption of the blessed virgin Mary in #1 in Heaven. # Interviewer: #2 mm mm-hmm # 657X: And he said well that that's {X} we have ascension where Christ #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yes. Uh-huh. # 657X: and then the other's all by saints. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 What's Orleans # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # #1 parish? # 657X: #2 Orleans # was named for the Duke of Orleans. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-kay 657X: Rotten ra- rascal Interviewer: #1 he was # 657X: #2 {NS} # and uh If uh if you don't mind I'll tell you that we have uh we have uh two streets named in New Orleans for the royal bastards. The sons of Louis the four- uh Louis the fourteenth. Interviewer: mm 657X: {C: French Name Toulouse} and uh and uh {C: French Name} Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: No {C: French Names Toulouse and Dumaine} Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Now we call the street Dumaine which is wrong. It should be main street Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: because when you say the {C: French phrase} you're saying the duke of the main. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And it should be but they these Americans called it {C: Dumain} #1 {NW}. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 657X: And the duke of main and the count of Toulouse were illegitimate sons of uh Louis the fourteenth. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And when the streets were named they they first had Saint Louis Saint Ann Saint #1 uh Saint Phillip # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: and uh then they ran out of patron saints they decided to {NW} {X}{NS} illegitimate dukes Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # There's nothing wrong with that. 657X: No. Interviewer: Uh let's see the an F B I agent would work for the federal?{NS} 657X: Government. Interviewer: Uh-uh. A police is supposed to maintain? 657X: Order. Interviewer: Or an? Well you you try to obey the? 657X: {NS} {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 Um the # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 war between the north and the south is called the? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: I call it the civil war and most people do.{NS} But the daughters of the confederacy call it the war between the states. Interviewer: Yes. Uh. 657X: But you see since I had a I had a great grandfather in the federal army and a grandfather in the in the uh confederate army. I feel that it was definitely a civil war. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm Um before they had the electric chair murderers were? 657X: #1 Hung. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: Alright. These are some cities and states which I'll run over very quickly {D: if} Albany is the capital of? 657X: New York. Interviewer: And well Annapolis is the capital of? 657X: Maryland. Interviewer: Richmond? 657X: Virginia. Interviewer: Raleigh? 657X: North Carolina. Interviewer: Columbia? 657X: South Carolina. Interviewer: Atlanta? 657X: Georgia. Interviewer: Tallahassee? 657X: Florida. Interviewer: Um Montgomery? 657X: Alabama. Interviewer: Now the bluegrass state is? 657X: Kentucky. Interviewer: The volunteer state? 657X: Tennessee. Interviewer: The show me state? 657X: Missouri. Interviewer: Little rock is the capital of? 657X: Arkansas. Interviewer: Jackson? 657X: Mississippi. Interviewer: The lone star state? 657X: Texas. Interviewer: Tulsa is in? 657X: Oklahoma. Interviewer: #1 Boston is in? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: Massachusetts. Interviewer: The states from Maine to Connecticut are the? 657X: New England states. Interviewer: Uh the biggest city in Maryland is? 657X: Baltimore. Interviewer: The capital of the United States is? 657X: Washington. Interviewer: Uh the biggest city in Missouri is? 657X: Saint Louis. Interviewer: The old historical seaport in South Carolina? 657X: Is Charleston. Interviewer: The big steel making town in Alabama? 657X: Birmingham. Interviewer: The big city in Illinois? 657X: Chicago. Interviewer: mm-hmm Capital of Alabama? 657X: Is is Montgomery. Interviewer: And the one on the gulf is? 657X: Mobile. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh resorts in in western North Carolina? 657X: Western North Carolina would be Asheville. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Yes. {NS} Interviewer: Do you have somebody here? Auxiliary: We need to go to the airport. Interviewer: #1 Yes at four thirty. # 657X: #2 Yes # Auxiliary: Taxi is here. Interviewer: Well it's only four thirty. We're not ready. 657X: It's only four fifteen. And we're having a grand time so. Auxiliary: Okay whatever I was just to let you know. 657X: #1 {D: This is uh, this is-} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Thank you very much. Would you let me know?} # 657X: This is Paula {NS} is the very efficient secretary. Interviewer: How do you do glad to meet you I'm Susan {B} Uh let's see the oh we just got Asheville didn't we? Two big cities in east Tennessee are? Knoxville and Nashville and Memphis. And one more beginning with a C in east Tennessee. 657X: In east Tennessee? There's Knoxville and uh Chattanooga. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um the biggest seaport in Georgia is? 657X: Savannah. Interviewer: And the capital of Georgia? 657X: Is Atlanta. Interviewer: Do you know of two other very large cities in Georgia? 657X: Well there's uh Macon Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: and Interviewer: One right on the Alabama line in south Georgia? 657X: In south Georgia there's uh I don't know I know west point {X} #1 and then {X} # 657X: #2 {NS} # 657X: #1 uh # 657X: #2 {NS} # {X} in Alabama. And uh in south Georgia. Interviewer: It's the same name as the man who discovered America supposedly. Christopher? 657X: Columbus. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Columbus, Georgia. I didn't think Columbus was such a big place. Interviewer: It's not that big but there's not much in south Georgia that is big. 657X: No. Interviewer: Uh. Let's see then the #1 big # 657X: #2 I should # know Columbus because they do um they had big mobile company Interviewer: #1 mm # 657X: #2 there. # Interviewer: The biggest city in southern Ohio? It's in? 657X: Ohio would be #1 Cincinnati. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # And the biggest city in Kentucky? 657X: Would be Louisville. Interviewer: And Dublin is the capital of? 657X: Of Ireland. Interviewer: Paris? 657X: France. Interviewer: Moscow? 657X: Russia. Interviewer: Okay let's see. The uh biggest denomination in the south is? 657X: I would say the Baptists. Interviewer: mm-hmm I think so. And if two people become members of a religious body you'd say they? 657X: They are uh they are members of the of the church. Interviewer: When they become members they do what? 657X: Oh they are baptized. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the in church you pray to? 657X: #1 Pray to God. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: And um the preacher delivers a? 657X: A sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the? 657X: The the hymns the music. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you wanted to compliment the organist you might tell him today the music was just? 657X: Beautiful. Interviewer: mm-hmm And the enemy of God is the? 657X: Satan.{NS} Interviewer: #1 There's another name. # 657X: #2 Devil. # Interviewer: Any other name for him? 657X: Satan the devil or the uh well I- isn't that bad enough? Interviewer: #1 Yes there is {NW}. # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Anything you would # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: tell children was going to come and get them if they were naughty? 657X: The devil's gonna get ya. Interviewer: Alright how about boogeyman or boogeymen? 657X: Oh boogeyman he's he's th- he's is not in the bible though. Interviewer: Is he the devil? 657X: {NW} No he is not the devil. We consider him as being some strange creature who uh scare who scares children Interviewer: #1 and who can # 657X: #2 mm-hmm # who would be bad for them to come in contact with. But I don't think he's the devil. Interviewer: mm Uh then what are things that are supposedly in grave yards that scare people? 657X: Ghosts. Interviewer: And a house that had ghosts in it? 657X: Haunted. Interviewer: Alright. Um {NS} If something shocking were reported to you you might say why the very? 657X: The very idea. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what would you say to ask someone about his health a friend? 657X: How are you feeling? Interviewer: And if you're introduced to someone what would you say? 657X: {D: That I'm} pleased to meet you or uh. Interviewer: mm-hmm alright. If you'd enjoyed someone's visit you might say to him please come? 657X: Please come back again. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you say as a greeting on December twenty fifth? 657X: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: And um on January the first? 657X: Happy new year. {NS} Interviewer: And you might say I have to go downtown to do some? 657X: Shopping. Interviewer: Alright. And if you made a purchase the storekeeper took a piece of paper and he? 657X: Gave me a bill or Interviewer: Well he in he put the purchase in the paper. 657X: Oh he'd wrap the. Interviewer: #1 And then you # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: when you got home you? 657X: Unwrap it. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh if you sold something for less than you paid for sold it the less than you paid for it you're selling it at a? 657X: At a loss. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um and on the first of the month the bill is? 657X: #1 Due. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 And you have to pay your you belong to a club you? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: #1 Gotta to pay your dues. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 Okay if you had no money you might go to a bank and try to? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: #1 Buy or make a loan. # Interviewer: #2 And # the banker might say meaning there's not much money money is? 657X: Money is tight. Interviewer: Or it's? Meaning there's it's almost gone money is? 657X: Well money is short. Interviewer: Or scarce? 657X: Scarce. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um if you dived into the water and landed on your stomach flat you'd say that's a? 657X: Belly buster. Interviewer: What if you're a little boy put his head down on the ground and rolled over that's a? 657X: Make a somersault. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if uh you bought something the storekeeper gave you something a little extra he'd say that's for? 657X: That's for lagniappe {C: French} here Interviewer: #1 Yes that's a a good Louisiana term. # 657X: #2 {NW} # #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 What # does a baby do before it can walk? 657X: Crawl. Interviewer: Alright. #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 {D:let's see} I'm going to # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 I have to skip over some of this because we're about to go in just a minute. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # If a man uh asked met a girl at a party and uh wanted to escort her home what would he say? May I? 657X: May I uh see you home or and if he wanted to come back he'd try to make a date. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you {D: there's} a little boat you wanted to get on land you'd tie a rope to {D: it and}? 657X: {NW} and pull it Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} If your car was stuck in the mud you'd get #1 behind it and? # 657X: #2 And # push it. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewer2: {X} Interviewer: Good okay. If the children were about to get too close to the stove and it was hot you might say don't what? 657X: Don't d- don't touch the stove or watch out. Interviewer: Good um if you needed a knife you might say to me go? 657X: Go get Interviewer: mm-hmm If you're playing tag or hide and seek what is the tree or thing you would touch #1 to be safe? # 657X: #2 Base. # Interviewer: Okay. Um If we were going to meet somewhere you'd s- I'd say if I get there first I'll? 657X: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: mm-hmm If a child is trying to escape punishment he might give me another? 657X: #1 Chance. # Interviewer: #2 mm # And if he always sees the point of the joke he has a good sense of? 657X: Of humor. Interviewer: And if there's somebody you really you really would wish would go away you'd say I wish I could get? 657X: Get rid of that guy. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 Um # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: If uh you wrote somebody a letter you'd say it's {X}? 657X: An answer. Interviewer: And then you might write on the envelope you write his? 657X: His address. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of anybody say {D: back the letter} to mean address the letter? 657X: Well I've heard that but very rarely. Interviewer: What do they usually say? 657X: Uh u- u- back the back the letter and they seal it in Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: to to send it off. Interviewer: mm-hmm Does that mean address the letter? 657X: Well I thought it was not so much that as to s- seal it. Interviewer: mm oh okay. Uh what would one child call another child who told on him? 657X: Tattletale. Interviewer: mm-hmm If you wanted to get a bouquet for your dinner table you'd go out in the garden and? 657X: Uh pick flowers. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What would you call something a child plays with? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: #1 A toy. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 Have you heard that called a play pretty? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 Um mm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # I have a feeling that in view of time that we will need to call it a day. I certainly thank you very much for all your help. 657X: Well I enjoyed it I hope you got something out of my chatter. Interviewer: Yes ver- very good. uh-huh all 657X: But uh I was wondering if uh probably you shouldn't talk to someone who is still decidedly more French. Or do you find I have an accent? Interviewer: I think you have some accent. 657X: Yes but not not very great. Interviewer: #1 Not terribly no certainly # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: very fluent English. 657X: But uh Interviewer: {NW} 657X: this uh this man that I know he's president of a big sugar company. Interviewer: mm 657X: And he comes from Lafayette Louisiana which is where the southwestern Louisiana uh university is. But uh he was uh came up in a French family he speaks French. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 Also some Spanish # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 657X: but uh his speech is is very very interesting #1 The way he pronounces and his intonation # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: mm-hmm It would be nice if we could interview some more people #1 but we're really # 657X: #2 {D: Yes} # Interviewer: have got to stop at this point. 657X: Yes. Interviewer: Because well we really should have finished all our interviewing several years ago The New Orleans sample just needed some more. #1 So that's the reason I've come to do the interviews here. # 657X: #2 {NW} # There was a a girl who lived in um #1 in Daphne Alabama which is right across from Mobile. # 657X: #2 {NS} # And uh she was from Scotland #1 and I # Interviewer: #2 hmm # 657X: told her I said for goodness sake never never lose your Scotch burr because it's so charming. It it it was was delightful to hear her speak. And I said I hope you never lose it and if you could only transfer it to your kids it would be Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: It would be so nice. But the mi- great misfortune of New Orleans is that we have practically given up French. #1 {D: It is} time to restore it but # 657X: #2 {NS} # it's nothing like the natural French that I learned at home that all the friends I all the people I went out with you see the great The sad thing about it is that for many years uh the creoles live within a close area Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 in # #1 in the city. # 657X: #2 {NS} # And their associations socially and business and so on was uh close. And as the city spread out and they began to move to other parts of town. They lost the contact. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The church I used to go to uh downtown was uh uh used for the the cross section of creole society there uh on uh Sundays. But it's all gone. Interviewer: mm-hmm Interviewer2: What church did you go to? 657X: I went to Saint Augustine. on uh on um #1 {X} # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But one day I wanted to go to mass on a Saturday in order to have Sunday free and I went there. And I was the only white face in the place. Interviewer: Oh mm-hmm mm-hmm 657X: It's gone entirely black. Interviewer: #1 mm # 657X: #2 And it was a # beautiful church. and was designed by one of the great architects of New Orleans uh {C: name of the architect} {D: designed th- th- this} {X} Interviewer2: What French do you think influenced uh the development of the language here? Other than the {X} French and German. 657X: Well th- the Spanish left very little impact on us. Um because uh you find there are few for instance Spanish tombs in Saint Louis cemetery. But uh the the uh French the French impact was complete. And {NW} the the uh I don't know I would say that they there was an influence from the Interviewer: #1 blacks or the {X} languages # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 because they have a a dialect all their own. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Now when my grandmother {X} {D: uh was running her house} she could speak this black patois (C: French}. Interviewer: mm 657X: And she could also talk to the Cajuns but she was educated in French. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And in the family we always spoke French. My father and mother all their conversations were French. At my father's uh family as I told you these those old ladies spoke a French that was just beautiful it was French academy. And uh that's where we learned our French from people who spoke the real French. Now you have some few people here there's a family of {X} {B} that still still uses French as the family language. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: And uh but very few very few you find people with essentially French names who haven't uh no a word of it. Interviewer: mm 657X: And yet they tell me that my grandfather spoke French. That's no credit to you at all. {NW} Interviewer: {X} It's 657X: #1 I'm very I'm very happy that uh # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: my grandmother was a captain. When she said something it went. Well that was the matriarchal uh society. The uh the uh women of the family operated the house the men worked on the outside they would uh they brought in the money and they did the work. But the house was run strictly by the women. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: It was I think a matriarchal society {D: in that day} which is good. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well again thank you #1 very much # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Now we must go # 657X: #2 {D: Yeah} # Interviewer: #1 catch our flight. # 657X: #2 I could talk all night. # Interviewer: How do you spell your last name? {B} {B} mm-kay And your address? 662: P-O box {B} Schriever Interviewer: And the name of this Parish? 662: Teraborn {NS} Interviewer: And the state? 662: Louisiana Interviewer: And where were you born? 662: Schriever Interviewer: You've always lived here? 662: I've lived in Thibodaux and I am right back in Schriever again. Interviewer: How long did you live in Thibodaux? 662: ah {NW} seventeen years Interviewer: How far away is that? 662: three miles {NW} um And your age? thirty-five Interviewer: And Occupation? 662: Domestic Engineer Interviewer: Okay Have you ever worked outside of your house? 662: Yeah Interviewer: What sort of work did you do? 662: Uh I worked for the newspaper I did different jobs I was a proof reader Interviewer: What newspaper? 662: {NW} The Daily Common in Thibodaux Interviewer: And religion? 662: Catholic Interviewer: And tell me about your education and the name of the school you went to. 662: Uh went to Thibodaux Elementary. Interviewer: #1 You were living in Thibodaux? # 662: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 662: #2 In Thibodaux # Interviewer: #1 # 662: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 # 662: #2 # Then I switched over to Mount Carmel academy in high school and I graduated from Mount Carmel. Interviewer: So you went to Thibodaux Elementary through the seventh? 662: No I switched over in the 10th grade at Mount Carmel. Interviewer: mm-hmm Mount? Car 662: C-A-R-M-E-L Interviewer: and have you ever been um active in clubs or groups or very active in.. 662: I belong to home demonstration club and the P-T-C Interviewer: What about church? Are you very active in church? 662: I'm not active in church organization. Interviewer: Have you done much traveling? 662: I went to San Diego for three months and the only other place I went to was in Florida Tampa. Interviewer: And tell us some about your parents where they were born and 662: My parents were born right here in Louisiana. One in Thibodaux one in Schriever Interviewer: Which? 662: My mother was born in Schriever and my father was born in Thibodaux. Interviewer: And what about their education? 662: My father graduated from high school and he went to business school. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: My mother quit in the seventh grade in Schriever. Interviewer: mm-hmm What sort of work did they do? 662: My my father still working he works for um a company in Thibodaux he's um office clerk. My mother sells Avon. Interviewer: What about your grandparents on your mother's side? 662: I never knew my grandfather on my mother's side I knew my grandmother. um I don't I don't think grandma {B} had any education. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: I know she couldn't read. She could tell time she could give change you know things like that. Interviewer: um 662: She ran a boarding house on a plantation for years. She was an excellent cook. Her cooking was well known Interviewer: Was she from Schriever? 662: She {NW} Grandma was born around Labadieville. Labadieville in nine miles from here. Interviewer: Lab? 662: L-A-B-A-D-I-E-V-I-L-L-E Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} That's in this parish? 662: That's in Assumption Parish Interviewer: What about um your grandfather. Do you know where he was born? 662: uh uh I don't know Interviewer: And What about on your father's side? Do you know where? 662: I think they were both born in Thibodaux. I'm really not sure because I never knew my grandfather on my father's side either. And my grandmother died was I was very small. Interviewer: Did you ever hear about what sort of work they did or their education? 662: No not really. Interviewer: What about your husband? How old is he? 662: He's thirty-six Interviewer: And catholic too? 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about his education? 662: He quit in the ninth grade and went on into the Navy {NW} in the fifties. Interviewer: Where was he born? 662: He was born in Grandal. Interviewer: #1 Where is # 662: #2 and he # he was raised in Homer. Interviewer: What parish is Grandal in? 662: Grandal is is Jefferson Parish believe it or not. Interviewer: It's right it's right down from New Orleans? 662: #1 Oh no it's # Interviewer: #2 {D: is?} # 662: you have to go down by Lafourche. you know which they claim is the longest street in the world and right after you get at the very end you have to cross a bridge and then you you're in Jefferson Parish. It's not Lafourche Parish anymore Grandal is Jefferson Parish. Interviewer: Jefferson Parish is also goes up to New Orleans. 662: Yeah Jefferson Parish is on the west bank you know the west side of the river. So like if someone has to have any legal matters done or anything like that they have to go all make the round go all the way around you know through Lafourche Parish through St. Charles Parish and go to the parish seat which is right there by New Orleans. Interviewer: {NW} 662: So they are out of the way. Interviewer: They don't have those roads down there are really funny. I mean you can't just they don't 662: #1 You have to follow by Lafourche and turn off in Raislin. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 662: You see? Interviewer: Yes I see. 662: There isolated really and there's just one road going down there that's why its hectic when the hurricane hits down there because that is the only excavation route I mean that is it. And the cars are bumper to bumper getting off that island. Interviewer: Do they have hurricanes down here very often? Hurricane warnings 662: uh Were always tense at hurricane time because we had a few bad ones you know and if we don't get the full force of it sometimes we get the gale winds like if it's hitting ah Texas. If you are east of the hurricane you can get the gale force winds. If you are west of the hurricane you hardly feel anything. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: See when the hurricane hit Galveston or Lake Charles on that part. Well we still get bad weather. Now when Celia hit Biloxi and just about flattened down Biloxi a few years ago we hardly got anything at all because we were west of the hurricane. Interviewer: mm-hmm When is the hurricane season? 662: Hurricane season starts June first and it ends in October. But they start getting bad around September. That's that's the month you have to watch. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: August and September Interviewer: What is that area like down um around Grandal? 662: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Is it mostly shrimping or # 662: Uh The people in Grandal are they like to keep to themselves but they can't really because they have the biggest fishing rodeo. The Tarpin rodeo they have people from all over the place that come to Grandal for the Tarpin rodeo. They have red fish rodeo and then what keeps Grandal alive well the oil companies because I mean you have your humble dock down there and you have you know because they can get to the rigs out there Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: and uh seven miles off of Grandal is the sulfur platforms it's the only sulfur mine over water. uh free port sulfur constructed that my husband worked on that one time. Interviewer: Isn't there a place called Port Sulphur? or something 662: Port Sulphur is in Plaquemines Parish. That is by Burus and Triumph and {NS} down there below New Orleans. By the mouth of the river. Interviewer: What's that area like? I was thinking about going down there. 662: Ah Orange country. They grow a lot of orange trees and they have like I said it is in the mouth of the river they you know they have docks and everything for the ships to transport the sulphur an what have you I- I- I'm not too familiar with Plaquemines Parish. Interviewer: um So you are telling me that your husband what sort of work does he do? 662: He is a welder Interviewer: And is he very active in church or clubs or anything like that? 662: uh uh The only thing he does is {NW} When he leaves work he likes to come home and do the same thing he's getting he's started last weekend to build a little shop in the back to build a little welding shop so we can clear up his back and he wants to start welding on weekends trying to make a few extra dollars. That's what he likes to do. That's his main interest. He loves to fool around with machinery and welding and stuff like that. Interviewer: um Were his parents born in this area? Were they 662: His mother was born in Grandal and his daddy was born in Gibson. Which is a small community just a few miles from here going toward Morgan City. Interviewer: mm-hmm Tell me um what this area is like how much it has changed in the past few years or what you know most of the people do for a living here? 662: Well like I said before most of the people depend on oil Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: you know oil, seafood, and sugarcane That's that's the main industries down here and ah well you have a lot of shrimpers you have ah ah men that catch fish you have oyster fisherman um and then you have your sugarcane farmers. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And then like I said oil is related to so many things you have your wire line services you have your fabricators you have um oh ah food services that thrive on oil industry well you have now further along the river you have a lot of chemical plants because of there location on the Mississippi River. I have a brother-n-law that works a chemical plant American {X} Interviewer: Is this um what is the plantations like here? Are they mainly owned by large companies or individuals? 662: Uh large companies. Your smaller farmers lease land you know but most of them are owned by large companies. Interviewer: And you said it is about fifty percent black here? 662: Not well I don't the school is you know because of I don't know how to describe it. The school right now is at just about fifty fifty. Interviewer: What about just in general? Just in Schriever 662: Well like the black people are concentrated in three different areas around here you know they are not spread out they are concentrated. Like in the little community of Gray then they have Johnson Ridge and then they have Levi {D} town. Interviewer: So this this general area #1 would you say it is about forty or fifty percent # 662: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 black? # 662: #2 I would # Interviewer: Um I would like to get an idea about what the house you grew up in looked like just sort of the floor plan just sort of sketch it and tell me the names of the rooms. 662: {X} that was on McCoy street {NS} um let me see {NS} I might be off a little bit. This was the living room and this was the dining room right there Interviewer: Right behind it? 662: uh-huh There was a little petition there this was a hall. Okay this was the kitchen. This was one bedroom. Well I goofed this was the bath right here and the door went there this was my bedroom and this was the little sun porch back here. Our a third bedroom Misspelled porch this was a patio back here and the garage. She also had she had a front porch here. {NS} There were the box wood hedges we used to always Interviewer: {D:this is the front} What about the house you live in now can you sort of sketch that? 662: This house is seventy years old. It was an old hotel. We bought this from my aunt I'm goofing up somewhere. Let me see this is the boy's bedroom and this is the girl's bedroom and I'm not in proportion at all there this is a hall this is our bedroom. No that's off that's off something terrible. Living room except our bedroom goes all the way like this. I am off real bad. This is the living room this is wall here and that is the bathroom this is the kitchen this is the table and the hall is right here {X} I was really off this is the porch. Interviewer: Which? 662: This bedroom goes all the way across. Interviewer: Which room are we in now? 662: We're in the living room right here. {NW} This way {NW} Interviewer: What what's this? 662: This is the sewing area right here. Interviewer: And what about this? 662: This is the rest of the living room. Interviewer: Oh so this shouldn't be here? 662: Right right just disregard that {NW: laughter} {NW} Interviewer: Okay {NS} 662: As many times as I drew my house plans I don't know why I goofed up because I want to build a hall in the front. Interviewer: Do you remember a hearing an old fashion name for living room? 662: Parlor? Interviewer: uh-huh What about for porch? 662: Veranda Interviewer: What's what's a veranda now? 662: I don't know but {NS} you know {NS} all I know is that we call it a porch. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a gallery? 662: A gallery yeah my grandma used to call it a gallery. Interviewer: Was Did that mean just any kind of porch or was it a certain kind or what? 662: Ah I don't {NS} it was just a porch you know that's all that I know. Interviewer: I noticed you um talked about a a sun porch or a patio. 662: Well a sun porch is enclosed and has just you know like windows a lot of windows. Interviewer: What about the patio? 662: A patio is open. {NS} When you talking about a patio down here mostly you talking about just a cemented floor you know and and furniture and a barbecue pit Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} 662: you know Interviewer: Um Did you ever have a house that didn't have a fireplace in it? 662: Yes. This one we tore it out Interviewer: What about um you know on the fireplace the the part that the smoke goes up through? You call that the? 662: Chimney Interviewer: And you know the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace? 662: No Interviewer: You ever hear a name for a maybe it be made out of rock or bricks or something that place down on the floor. 662: The hearth? Interviewer: uh-huh 662: yeah Interviewer: And what about the thing that you set the wood on in the fireplace? 662: I am not familiar with that. Interviewer: Did you ever see little iron things that? 662: #1 I have seen it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 662: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 # You've never heard a name for it? 662: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 662: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 # What about the thing up above the fireplace? 662: #1 The mantel # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 662: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 662: mantel Interviewer: okay and say if you were going to start a fire what kind of wood would you use to start it with? 662: I wouldn't know {NW} something {NW} that would burn easily I guess I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people talk about kindling or lighters #1 anything like that? # 662: #2 mm-hmm yeah # Interviewer: What what did you hear them say? 662: Well I you know like someone will talk about you'll hear these things but it doesn't soak in you know. Firewood that's all I know is that you need firewood and that's it. Interviewer: Did you ever um this may be way before your time but uh did you ever hear uh people take a a big piece of wood and set that sorta towards the back of the fireplace they would burn maybe all night? 662: I am not familiar with fireplaces that much. Interviewer: Okay I was saying do you ever hear of back stick or back log? 662: No Interviewer: And the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 662: Soot Interviewer: And what you have to shovel out? 662: Ashes Interviewer: And talk about things you'd have in a room um something that you could have to sit on something you would have there to sit in? 662: A chair Interviewer: okay what about something longer than a chair that? 662: A sofa Interviewer: Any other names for that? 662: I always call it a sofa some people call it a couch. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever hear an old fashion name? 662: I can't recall Interviewer: Divan or davenport or? 662: Not down here. Interviewer: What about the sort of things you could have in your bedroom for keeping clothes in? 662: A closet Or an armoire Interviewer: Okay what that's that's a 662: #1 That's an armoire yeah # Interviewer: #2 That's # What about something smaller than an armoire? 662: A chest of drawers. Interviewer: mm-hmm The the armoire you can hang things in can't you? {NS} 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: Is there anything similar to an armoire that you can also hang things in? 662: A closet Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a chifforobe? 662: A chifforobe yeah Interviewer: What's that like? 662: A chifforobe to me in in my opinions some people might disagree a chifforobe is like an armoire but not as ornate as an armoire. Interviewer: Is it about the same size? 662: A chifforobe is usually smaller. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: It's plain. Interviewer: What about um wardrobe? Did you ever hear of them? 662: I've heard of wardrobe being used but not often not down here Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Usually they will either say armoire of chifforobe. Interviewer: mm-hmm but a wardrobe is something like the the chifforobe? 662: It would be. {NS} Interviewer: And um What else besides a chest of drawers would you have with just drawers in it? 662: Dresser Interviewer: How's that different from the chest of drawers? 662: Well a dresser has a mirror Interviewer: mm What about you were telling me about 662: That's a side board Interviewer: What's that used for? 662: I really don't know {NW} {NW} I went to a meeting not too long ago and we um with a guest at a furniture store {NS} and this guy is an interior decorator and ah he says all these people that have these hundred year old monsters in their house doesn't have anything well naturally he's trying to sell furniture you know he is trying to sell um Tell City and Ethan Allen and all this stuff but down here uh old furnitures really getting more popular. Interviewer: mm-hmm I guess it went in the 662: I think it went in the dining room really A mirror is supposed to go in the back of that thing. We have to get it resilvered but I guess it would be used in the dining room. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of old pieces of furniture called chiffonier or bureau? 662: A bureau would be like a chest of drawer. Interviewer: Is it just an old fashioned name for a? 662: I think it would be Interviewer: What about something that um that you could have in your windows so to pull down to keep out the light? 662: Shades Interviewer: mm-kay and the top part of the house with covering on the house is called a? 662: roof Interviewer: What about the little things along the edge of the roof that carry the water off? 662: Gutters. Interviewer: And something that if you have a house in an L the place where they come together. 662: The ease Interviewer: mm-kay and a room at the top of the house just under the roof? 662: The attic Interviewer: And um You mentioned the kitchen um did you ever hear of different kinds of kitchens like a kitchen built separate from the rest of the house? 662: A kitchen built separate from the rest of the house? Interviewer: Like a kitchen out in the yard or something? Aux: Yeah I know 662: uh uh Aux: {x} In case the kitchen catch on fire cause they used to have these open fireplaces you know they would have to cook in there. If the kitchen would catch on fire it wouldn't burn down the whole mansion or the whole house. Interviewer: uh huh 662: I never heard of {NW} Aux: Mostly in mansions. Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear an old fashioned name for kitchen? {NS} A cook house or anything like that? 662: It was always the kitchen to me {NS} {NS} Interviewer: And the little room {NS} 662: It's the train {NS} Interviewer: off the kitchen {NS} um where you can store can goods and things? {NS} 662: Pantry Pantry Interviewer: mm-kay and um you said you have a lot of old worthless things like old broken furniture and stuff you said well that's not good anymore that's just? 662: Junk Interviewer: okay and a room that you can store things that you don't know what to do with? 662: I had one like that I called it the junk room. Interviewer: okay and um if you had a two story house to get from the first floor to the second floor you'd have uh? 662: the stairs Interviewer: What about outside to get from the porch to the ground? 662: The steps Interviewer: And um talk say if your {X} Say if your house was in a big mess you'd say you had to do what to it? 662: Clean it up Interviewer: okay and the thing you'd use to sweep with? 662: A broom Interviewer: And say the broom was in the corner and the door was open so that the door was sort of hiding the broom you'd say the broom was? 662: Missing Interviewer: Was where in relation to the door? 662: Was behind the door. Interviewer: And the 662: Cause I couldn't {NW} it would be missing cause I couldn't find it {NW} {NW} I wouldn't think about closing a door to look. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: um say a long time ago women would maybe on Monday women would get all the dirty clothes together and do the? 662: Laundry The laundry Interviewer: huh? 662: The laundry Interviewer: uh huh Did they used to call it the laundry? 662: Do the washing. Interviewer: Then after they do the washing they bring the clothes in and do the 662: {NW} Interviewer: and get the wrinkles out and do the 662: Ironing yeah Interviewer: uh huh Do you remember um hearing about something they had out in the back yard to use for heating water to boil the clothes in you know a big black thing they had out in the yard? 662: uh uh Interviewer: What about um something you could you could use to heat up water to make hot tea and all that up a tea? 662: #1 Oh a teapot # Interviewer: #2 or # 662: #1 or a tea kettle # Interviewer: #2 # okay Did you ever hear of a wash pot or a wash kettle? 662: mm-mm no Interviewer: And um say the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd ask somebody to? 662: Close the door. Interviewer: Or another word you could use? 662: Shut the door. Interviewer: And you know some houses have have boards on the outside that lap over each other. Do you know what I mean? 662: Siding? Interviewer: uh huh any other name for that? 662: wood siding is all I know Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear of weather boarding or clapboard? 662: Yeah Interviewer: clap 662: Yeah Interviewer: What did you hear it called? 662: Weather board Interviewer: uh huh That that's the same as the siding? 662: That would be. Interviewer: And say if you wanted to hang up a picture you'd take a nail and a 662: Hammer Interviewer: And you say I took the hammer and I what the nail in? 662: Hit Interviewer: Or I what the nail in? 662: Drove Interviewer: mm-kay and if it didn't get in far enough you'd say its got to be what in further? 662: Driven in further Interviewer: mm-kay and you say you take the hammer if you want to what the nail in? 662: Hit the nail {NW} Interviewer: What the nail in? 662: Draw the nail in {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And before they had um bathrooms inside the villas that they had outside they called a 662: Outhouses Interviewer: Any other name for that? 662: Outhouses hmm outdoor toilets Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear any joking names or sort of crude names? 662: {NW} yes {NW} I prefer not to say what it is though. {NW} Aux: {NW} Interviewer: What about a building that could be used for storing wood? 662: A wood shed. Interviewer: Okay what about tools? 662: #1 # Aux: #2 # 662: #1 A tool shed # Aux: #2 Tool shed # 662: #1 That's what my husband has. # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What different buildings would they have on a farm? 662: On a farm? The thing that comes to my mind first is a barn. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would be kept in the barn? 662: Just about everything down here. Aux: pig tools Interviewer: Did did you grow up around a a farm? 662: No Interviewer: You always lived right 662: Right in town #1 in Thibodaux. # Interviewer: #2 Wait # wait your you were born here and then you moved to Thibodaux? 662: To Thibodaux right now I am back over here again Interviewer: That is a pretty French area isn't it? I mean the 662: Oh yeah everything is French down here. Interviewer: Your parents spoke spoke French you said. 662: mm-hmm Aux: mm-hmm Interviewer: And your grandparents just spoke French. 662: Right Interviewer: What about um the name Schriever sounds German to me do you know if it is or not? 662: I don't know where the name Schriever came from really. {NW} I know Thibodaux was named after scholar Thibodaux you know who founded the little town but I don't know how Schriever got it's name really. Interviewer: Well the way 662: Well Schriever first was first a farm project you know Interviewer: What do you mean? 662: Well a lot of people would lease property and uh they would farm out here and then then they got a little bit bigger and a little bit bigger but mostly it was a farm project first Interviewer: The people who who live here if they need to do some shopping or something they just go into Thibodaux. 662: Right Interviewer: Don't they? I mean this is it's the same parish as {X} but it's 662: Right Interviewer: It is really closer. 662: We are closer to Lafourche Parish. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: In Thibodaux I mean you know that's where all of our money is spent in Thibodaux. Interviewer: yeah 662: mostly. Interviewer: This is then right just on the Parish Parish line. 662: Yeah right it's close to it. Interviewer: um What different animals would they have on the farm? 662: cows horses pigs chickens ducks Interviewer: Where would they keep the cows? 662: {NW} Out in the field and bring it in the barn at night I guess. Interviewer: uh huh What about the horses? Where would they stay? 662: Well they would graze out their in the field to and come back in the barn at night. Interviewer: uh huh and the hog the pigs 662: #1 Well the pigs usually are in a pig pen. # Aux: #2 in a pig- # Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And the chickens usually have a chicken house. Interviewer: What about a place just for the mother just for the uh mother hen and the little chicks? You know a little small place just for the? 662: Well down here usually chickens are just like in the little yard all of their own you know. With with with a fence made out of what they call chicken wire. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And then they have a little small house for the hens to lay in and everything. Interviewer: Well what about something that maybe would be built kind of pointed up like this just a small thing for shutting the little chicks up in. 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a chicken cub or coop? 662: a chicken coop yeah. yeah Interviewer: What would that be built like? 662: uh would be a chicken coop it would be like a small room and um they'd have like nests built up about three feet from the ground and it would have hay in it straw in it you know for the chickens to ah lay their eggs. Interviewer: mm-hmm and it would just be for laying. 662: That's what I think of a chicken coop. I don't you know I might be wrong I don't know I am not too familiar with farm animals. Interviewer: And a hen on a nest of eggs you call her a? 662: A hen on a nest of eggs? Interviewer: uh huh you know whose waiting for the eggs to hatch would be a? 662: She'd be a hen. Interviewer: Well did you ever hear of a setting hen or? 662: Oh yeah yeah Setting hen. Interviewer: okay and something um you could put to get a hen to start laying something you could put in her nest? 662: Now I remember that my aunt had one she used to have a glass egg. Interviewer: uh huh 662: And it would look just like a real egg. I think it was glass or porcelain or something like that. Interviewer: What about if you had a real good set of dishes they would be made out of? 662: China Interviewer: What about an egg made out of that? 662: An egg made out of china? Interviewer: mm-hmm It wouldn't be a glass egg then it would be a? 662: {NW} I don't know . I don't know what you call it. An egg made of china. Interviewer: uh-huh It would just be a china? 662: A china egg? That doesn't sound right does it? An egg made of china. Interviewer: And you know when you are eating chicken there is a bone that goes like this. 662: A wish bone. Interviewer: uh-huh Any other name for that? 662: Just the wish bone. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any um sort of superstitions about that or? 662: Yeah you each one wraps its little finger around each side the one they break it the one that gets the longest piece they would first you make a wish and if you get the longest piece your wish comes true. Interviewer: mm-hmm And um a place where where you could store corn that would be called a? 662: A bin I guess Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a corn barn or a crib? 662: I have heard of it but it I don't think it is used down here too much. Interviewer: What have you heard of? 662: Mostly it is in stories Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Corn crib Interviewer: What about a a place for storing grain did you ever of a? 662: A a silo. Interviewer: mm-hmm what about a grainery or granary? You ever hear of any? 662: No. Interviewer: And the upper part of the barn where you could store the hay? 662: Loft Interviewer: And um you know when um when you first cut the hay you know and it's you let it dry out in the field. Did you rake it up in little piles? Did you ever hear a name for those little piles? 662: Hay stack Interviewer: uh huh Wha- what's a hay stack like? 662: It's just a mound of hay. Interviewer: mm-hmm It's something that with a hole in the center or? 662: No just piled up and just a mound of hay. I've never seen one but I you know other than in stories television what have you. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a a hay shock or hay tumble? 662: No Interviewer: cock or anything 662: uh-uh Interviewer: And um did you ever hear of any other way of keeping the hay outside besides the hay stack? 662: The only thing I have ever seen is the little machines that come along and neatly bundle them and wire and everything else and you have bails of hay. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um you know when when you cut the hay off a piece of land and then enough will grow back again so you can cut it again that year? What would you call that? 662: I don't know. A second crop. Interviewer: mm-kay and um a place where you would turn the the cows out to graze? There would be a? 662: A pasture Interviewer: And do you ever hear see a fenced in place out in the pasture where you could leave the cows over night for milking them? 662: uh uh Interviewer: Did you ever think of a milk gap or 662: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 a cow pin? # 662: uh uh Interviewer: And the place around the barn the fenced in place around the barn where the animals can walk around? 662: I'm thinking of a corral I don't know if that would be the same thing. Interviewer: What is a corral like? 662: A corral when you think of a corral you think of horses enclosed by a fence. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And that would be close to a barn too. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a cow lot or a barn yard? 662: No A barn yard. The barn yard would be in general the barn yard though. As far as I am concerned you know. I'm not famil- Interviewer: The barn yard something around it would be the barn? 662: Yeah to me in my eyes it wouldn't necessarily have to be enclosed. Interviewer: uh-huh 662: You know? Interviewer: Just just that area. 662: Yeah the general area right. Interviewer: And um say if you planted a just a small area of say sweet potatoes you'd refer to that as a sweet potato? 662: Patch Interviewer: What else would grow in a patch like what other kind of patch can you have besides a sweet potato patch? 662: Strawberry patch Blackberry patch anything would be a patch because it would be a small area. Interviewer: And what different kinds of fences um did people used to have? 662: Wood Interviewer: mm-hmm How what kind of fence would you have around your yard? 662: Now y- you you mean like a picket fence? Interviewer: mm-hmm What's a picket fence? 662: Pickett fence is a small slats of wood. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is it pointed? 662: Pointed at the end. Interviewer: mm-hmm How's is it woven together or nailed together? 662: It's nailed together and most of the time the design is saw tooth at the top. It is in different lengths. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of that called the tail end fence? 662: uh-uh Interviewer: What about the kinda of wire fence they have around the pasture now a days? {NW} 662: Nowadays? Interviewer: Yeah it would catch your crows on it. 662: Oh a barbed wire fence. Interviewer: uh huh and if you wanted to put up a barbed wire fence you'd have to dig holes for the 662: For the posts. Interviewer: And you'd take the the wire and nail it to the 662: To the posts. Interviewer: mm-kay and um Talking about several of those you'd be talking about several? 662: Posts Interviewer: mm-kay um What about a fence that went in and out like this? 662: Basket weave. Interviewer: No it's it's made out of wood the real old fashion kind. 662: I don't I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a a worm fence or a rail fence or? 662: Oh a rail fence yeah. Interviewer: uh huh 662: That would be like small logs. Interviewer: uh huh 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did they used to have those in this area? 662: uh I- I don't know I think so I'm not really sure. Interviewer: What about um you know uh um a big farm uh now a days where they have a lot of um milked cows and they? 662: A dairy farm? Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear that word dairy used to mean anything else besides a commercial farm? 662: Dairy products. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um a place where where you used to keep where people used to keep milk and butter before they had refrigerators? Did you ever hear of people talk about that? 662: Before they had refrigerators? Uh uh no Interviewer: And what about potatoes and turnips? They'd be stored in the winter. Did you ever hear? 662: uh uh No Interviewer: And did you ever see a fence or wall made out of loose rock or stone that you could get from the field? 662: A wall made with that? Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: {NW} Yeah I have seen a stone wall. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do they have those around here? 662: No not really. Interviewer: What about um you know when your um if you wanted to to plant something to break up the ground to get it read for planting? 662: Plow it. Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear um of different kinds of plows people used to use? 662: No Interviewer: What about something that had a lot of teeth in it and would break up the the clots of dirt break up the ground finer than a plower would? 662: The only thing I know that would have teeth and it would be a rake. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: But that wouldn't be a large are Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a {D: hara} or harrow 662: mm Interviewer: What about um you know when you are plowing the the trenches where they are cut by the plow you call those the? 662: I don't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Well you know the the deep sort of the ditch thing that it cuts. That would be the? 662: I I don't know I really don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a fur 662: uh-uh Interviewer: Fur? 662: No Interviewer: What about um you know the um some of these questions they they might not be. 662: I'm really not familiar with farm terms too much. Interviewer: Um I am just going to go ahead and ask you. 662: Yeah Interviewer: just in case in case you have ever heard of 662: It's sad how we don't know that much about you know things that were not too many years ago right? Sad Interviewer: um Did you ever well I know they didn't raise cotton in this area. 662: No Interviewer: Is sugar cane um when they used to um you'd have to get out there with the hoe and sort of I don't know if they would exactly thin it out or do try to kill the grass thats that's growing up there. Did you ever what would they say they were doing when they'd get out there with the hoe? They'd say they were going to? 662: To get rid of the the you mean the weeds? Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: It would be weeding it Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear them talk about um chopping it or scraping it? 662: Of with a hoe yes scraping it. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about chopping did you ever hear that? 662: Chopping the dirt yeah. Interviewer: uh huh um what what different kinds of grass would be growing up in the? 662: The only thing that I can think of is Johnson grass. Interviewer: What does that look like? 662: uh It gets tall Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: and I've never seen wheat up close you know just in pictures but it kind of has the characteristics of wheat you know it has like a bloom it it's green and then right in the middle is like a bloom and it has like little uh greens on it. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the that flower sort of that they that yellow flower I see it everywhere you know? 662: The ones that are blooming right now? I don't know what you call that I know there's some that comes out later in the spring they call railroad daisy's Interviewer: Railroad daisy's? 662: uh huh Interviewer: Do they have to kill those? 662: Yeah Interviewer: I guess they would they 662: Yeah Interviewer: they can't let anything else grow there. 662: Everything looks pretty clean by the time it's time for planting. They clean it up pretty good. Interviewer: um What did people used to use to carry water in? 662: A bucket Interviewer: Made out of what? 662: Wood Interviewer: mm-kay What about something they would use for milking? 662: A milk pail. Interviewer: mm-kay What's a milk pail made out of? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Is it wood? 662: Um I imagine metal. Interviewer: mm-hmm You think of a bucket and pail being two different things or? 662: Well it's not too different things it is just like you would a it's association I guess you think of a milk pail and you think of a bucket for water you know. Interviewer: What about the thing they've used to carry food out to the hogs in? 662: I don't know I know they'd say they'd go slop the hogs that's what they'd say they do when they go feed them go slop the hogs. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called a slop bucket or slop pail? 662: slop bucket Interviewer: uh huh And something you could use for frying eggs in? You'd call that a? 662: Skillet Interviewer: What would that be made out of? 662: Metal Interviewer: mm-hmm The heavy iron? 662: Cast iron Interviewer: uh huh um did you ever hear of a something like that only it has little legs on it you can cook in the fireplace with it 662: I know what you are talking about those big black iron pots Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Those kettles like that's what they call a kettle with a iron handle the wire handle. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of something called a a spider? 662: uh-uh I'm not familiar with that. Interviewer: And if you cut some flowers and wanted to keep them in the house you'd put them in a? 662: Vase Interviewer: And if you were setting the table for people to eat with you'd give everyone a? Next to each plate you'd give everyone a? 662: A fork and a knife. Interviewer: And a? 662: Spoon whatever's necessary {NW} {NW} pizza nothing {NW} Interviewer: And if you serve steak and it wasn't very tender you might have to put out steak? 662: Knives Interviewer: And if the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to? 662: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: And after she washes the dishes then she? 662: Dries the dishes Interviewer: or 662: picks 'em up Interviewer: In clear water she? 662: Rinses the dishes. Interviewer: mm-kay What about the cloth or rag you use when you are washing dishes? 662: A dish towel or a dish rag. Interviewer: and the cloth or rag you use to bathe your face with? 662: A face rag. Interviewer: And to dry yourself off with? 662: A towel. Interviewer: And something that um if you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a mirror amount to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a like if you wanted to pour something into a coke bottle or something you'd? 662: Oh a funnel? Interviewer: mm-kay And nowadays if you were carrying clothes out to hang them on the line you'd carry them out in a clothes? 662: Clothes basket. Interviewer: And if the lamp wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new? 662: Light bulb Interviewer: mm-kay and um you mentioned um people raise raise sugarcane around here what do they make with the sugarcane? 662: Sugar both white and brown sugar syrup Interviewer: What about something similar to the syrup? 662: You thinking of that la cuite. Interviewer: What's that? 662: It's it's like syrup but it it crystallizes. I guess its a the process they must stop at a certain process or something. Interviewer: They call that? 662: La cuite L-A-C-U-I-T-E I believe that's how it's spelled. Interviewer: What about um black strap? 662: Molasses? Interviewer: uh huh What's the difference between molasses and syrup? 662: Molasses is darker thicker. Interviewer: Did you ever hear um that called long sweetening or short sweetening? 662: uh uh Interviewer: What about um say if you wanted to buy molasses what would it come in? 662: A can Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called a stand of molasses? 662: uh uh Interviewer: or stand of lard? 662: No Interviewer: What about um you know when they take they take the sugarcane and they grind it to get the juice out what do they call that stuff that they have left over once they've ground? 662: Bagasse Interviewer: mm-kay Did they do anything with that or not? 662: Make paper Interviewer: They did? 662: Paper products. The newspaper in Thibodeaux is made of bagasse. Interviewer: huh Is it just the same as as any other kind of? Can you tell the difference between? 662: No uh-uh They made paper products from bagasse and it is also used for flower beds it's supposed to make a good mulch too Interviewer: um and something that um that nails used to come in? 662: Keg Interviewer: mm-kay And something bigger than a keg that? 662: A barrel Interviewer: mm-kay and the thing that runs around the barrel to keep the wood in place? 662: Bands Interviewer: Or another name for that? 662: I would just call it bands that is the only thing I can think of Interviewer: What about hoops or {D: houps}? 662: It is it it's hoops but I wouldn't associate I always think of bands something that goes around. Interviewer: Yeah 662: You know Interviewer: What about um did you ever see a water barrel or a water keg? 662: A water barrel? Or a water keg? I have seen barrels that hold rain water. Interviewer: mm-hmm Well do you know um or maybe a beer keg or something you know the the thing that you can turn to get the water or beer or whatever out of? 662: The spigot Interviewer: mm-kay What about something like that out in your yard that you can hook your hose to and turn and get? 662: Faucet Interviewer: mm-kay And what about at your sink? 662: That's the faucet. Interviewer: mm-kay and um say well this this would be before your time but I'm gonna ask you um you know if you took corn to the mill to be ground did you ever hear people um how would they refer to the amount of corn that they could take at one time? 662: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression a turn of corn? 662: uh uh Interviewer: What about if someone went out and got as much wood as he could carry in both his arm? he'd say he had a? 662: He had a load. {NW} Interviewer: Or an arm? 662: An armful Interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say on a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood he just had a? a what of wood? 662: If he didn't have a full load of wood? Interviewer: Yeah if not a full load of wood on his wagon he just had a? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of the expression a jag of wood? 662: uh-uh Interviewer: And something um nowadays if you went to the store and bought something the grocer would put it in a? 662: A bag Interviewer: Made out of? 662: paper Interviewer: And um something that that flower used to come in? If you bought maybe 25 pounds of flower. 662: A sack Interviewer: mm-kay That'd be made out of? 662: Burlap or a not burlap a material Interviewer: just cloth you mean? 662: Cotton material Interviewer: mm-hmm What did they call those um things made out of burlap? Any special name for them? 662: Just a burlap sack Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear of croker sack or toe sack or gunny sack? 662: Down here it's burlap sack Interviewer: okay and um if you opened a bottle and then wanted to close it back up so that the liquid wouldn't spill out you could stick in a? 662: A stopper Interviewer: Made out of? 662: Cork Interviewer: okay And something that um you could play you blow on it like this 662: Harmonica Interviewer: Any other name for that? 662: Mouth organ Interviewer: mm-kay What about something like this? 662: Oh I know what you are talking about I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear juice 662: uh-uh Interviewer: juice harp? 662: uh-uh Interviewer: And say it's um there's a log across the road you say I tied a chain to it and I what it out of the way? 662: Pulled it out of the way. Interviewer: Or using another word you'd say I 662: Moved it out of the way Interviewer: Or talking about dragging you say I 662: Oh you drug it out of the way. Interviewer: mm-kay And you say we have what many logs out of this road? We have? 662: We have dragged drug I don't know {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Which sounds more natural to you? 662: We have Interviewer: to say 662: Drug Interviewer: mm-kay and you say you have to a a tie a chain around it to 662: Pull it Interviewer: or to 662: Drag it Interviewer: mm-kay and um say if a if a man had a load of wood on his wagon and he was driving along you'd say that he was? Doing what? 662: That he was driving along? Interviewer: Well Yeah he say he goes to the wood pile and he fills the wagon up and then he goes to his house and unloads it goes back for more you say that he's? 662: I'd say he's busy {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Okay would you say he is carting wood or hauling wood? 662: I don't know {NW} I know I don't know I'd just say he was busy that's all. {NW} Interviewer: What about hauling wood or drawing wood? 662: Hauling wood Interviewer: huh? 662: Hauling Interviewer: mm-kay And um if you have a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses 662: {NW} I don't know {NW} I don't know Interviewer: What about um just on a a child's wagon you know the the handle. Did you ever hear of? 662: No I don't know of any other word for that. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a the tongue of a wagon or a pole or sphere? 662: uh-uh Interviewer: What about um you have a horse pulling a buggy you before you {X} you back them between the. Do you know what I mean? There's the two wooden things then you back the horse between. 662: I know what you are talking about but I don't know what they called. Interviewer: mm-kay And on a of the wheels the thing that runs across and holds one wheel to the other. That's called a? We have it even on a a 662: On an axle. Interviewer: mm-kay and you know on on the wagon wheel the inside of the wheel you have the hub 662: hub Interviewer: and the spokes come out and they fit into the 662: Onto the wheel. Interviewer: uh huh But what would you call that? They come out from the hub then what do you call that part they fit in? But what do you call the part of the wheel that touches the ground? 662: The wheel. Interviewer: mm-kay And um you know when a horse it hitched to a wagon the bar of wood that the trace is backed on to. Did you ever do you know what I mean? 662: You going back to the tongue again? Interviewer: Um with the you have a bar of wood like this and the traces come back and fasten onto the? 662: uh-uh I I don't even know anything about that. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a singletree or? 662: uh-uh uh-uh Interviewer: um doubletree? 662: uh-uh {NW} On to a Cypress tree oak tree maple. {NW} Interviewer: What about um if someone wanted to chop a log they could take a x frame like this you know drive things into the ground and make the make a x frame you set the log into chop it. What would you call that? 662: I wouldn't know Interviewer: What about something um they could have like something like this 662: That's an A frame Interviewer: uh huh You'd call that a? Did you ever hear of a saw horse or saw buck or wood rack? 662: Oh a saw horse yeah Interviewer: mm-hmm Is the saw horse the the A frame 662: Yeah it's it's an A frame Interviewer: mm-hmm And something you'd put in a pistol you'd call that a? 662: Bullet Interviewer: Or another name for that? 662: Round Interviewer: Or you know in the um the kind of ink pen that has the can you think of ink that you put in it you know? 662: Cartridge Interviewer: mm-kay And you straighten your hair using a comb and a? 662: Brush Interviewer: And if you were gonna use that you'd say you were going to? 662: Brush my hair. Interviewer: And um what they used to have to sharpen a straight razor they'd call that a leather? 662: Strap Interviewer: What about something that's um smaller then the small thing that you could sharpen a small knife on? 662: A stone Interviewer: mm-kay What kind of stone? 662: A wet stone Interviewer: What about something bigger that you could sharpen an ax on that would turn around? 662: Oh a a grinding stone. Interviewer: mm-kay And something that children play on they take a board and 662: See-saw Interviewer: And if you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were? 662: See-sawing Interviewer: And um did you ever see anybody take a board and fix it down at both ends and children would jump up and down on it? Sorta like a trampoline I guess. 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear of {D: joblin board} or? 662: No Interviewer: And say you could take a board and and fix it um in the center and it spin around you call that a? 662: A merry-go-round Interviewer: mm-kay Any old fashion name for that? 662: No Interviewer: And you could tie a long rope to a tree limb put a seat on it and make a? 662: Swing Interviewer: And something that um you could use for moving bricks or something heavy? It has a little wheel in front and two handles. 662: A wheelbarrow. Interviewer: And something that um people used to use to carry coal in? Did did they ever burn coal? 662: Oh Interviewer: Did they ever burn coal around here? 662: Ah not that I know of. Interviewer: What about you know on those old fashioned stoves the thing that would come up and run from the stove to the chimney? 662: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a stove pipe or funnel or flue? 662: A stove pipe. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um the thing people drive now days you call that a? 662: Car Interviewer: Any other name for car? 662: Automobile Interviewer: And if something was squeaky to lubricate you'd say you had to? 662: Oil it Interviewer: Or you put the hard stuff on it you had to? 662: Grease it Interviewer: mm-kay and you say yesterday he? 662: Greased Interviewer: mm-kay And if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all? 662: Greasy Interviewer: And something that people used to burn in lamps? 662: Kerosene Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for that? 662: Coal oil Interviewer: And did you ever hear of people making a lamp using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? 662: A rag and a bottle and Interviewer: you know they they take the bottle 662: The only thing I can think of is a molotov cock- {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a flambeau? 662: uh uh I've heard of flambeaus yeah. Interviewer: As what's a flambeau? 662: That's what they carry in the parades in New Orleans in Mardi Gras parades but the flambeaus you see are the um it's I don't now I don't know what it's made of but it's a long pole it's like a T and Interviewer: #1 It's like a what? # 662: #2 then the flames. # It's it's shaped in a T. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And flames are shooting out from the top I don't know what what it's made of. That's what they'd call the flambeau carriers. Interviewer: huh 662: In the Mardi Gras parades. Interviewer: What about um inside the tire of the car? 662: Inner- inner tube Interviewer: mm-kay And if someone had just built a boat and they were going to put it in the water for the first time you'd say they were going to? 662: Launch it Interviewer: What different kind of boats do they have around here? 662: Lafitte skiffs Interviewer: The what? 662: Lafitte skiffs Interviewer: What's a Lafitte skiff? 662: It's a flat boat that a lot of shrimpers use Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: and it's wide. You have down here you have pleasure boats you have pleasure boats of all kinds you have um Pirogues. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do they look like? 662: Pirogues are very small and narrow and you really have to have your balance to stay afloat. Interviewer: Are they pointed at both ends? 662: They pointed. And then you have your Joe boats. Interviewer: Your what? 662: Joe boats Interviewer: What's a Joe boat? 662: A Joe boat is a flat bottom boat with um squared off nose. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Now other people will call them Jon boats but down here they call them Joe boats. Interviewer: huh How's that different from the skiff? 662: Oh well Joe boats are a just plain you know a pleasure fishing boats. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And a and a skiff is used by your shrimpers. It doesn't have high sides and everything so they can pull the trolls over and and work. Interviewer: The the the skiff doesn't? 662: The skiff doesn't no. Interviewer: Is this you said Lafitte skiff? 662: Lafitte skiff Interviewer: Is that a specific kind of skiff? A certain 662: A certain kind of skiff uh huh It's it's the style. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is it a brand or? 662: No it's the style. Like a catamaran well this would be a Lafitte skiff and they come in all sizes. Interviewer: uh huh So Lafitte was a pirate wasn't he? 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: Um say a child was just learning to dress himself the mother would bring him the clothes and tell him? 662: To get dressed Interviewer: Or here 662: Here's your clothes. Interviewer: mm-kay and if you were taking a child to the dentist and he was scared the dentist might tell him um you don't need to be scared I what gonna hurt you? I 662: I'm not gonna hurt you. Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever say I ain't gonna hurt you? 662: mm-hmm sometimes I guess Interviewer: How would you say that? 662: Well down here we don't say we don't say I too much either we say ah Interviewer: uh huh 662: A-H I ain't gonna do this and I ain't gonna do that. Interviewer: uh huh 662: I ain't gonna {NW} Interviewer: You say um ain't much yourself? 662: I don't not too much Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: At lest I am not aware of it you know. Interviewer: What about um say if I ask you was that you I saw in town yesterday you might say no it? 662: {NS} No it wasn't I Interviewer: mm-kay we generally say no it wasn't me. 662: No it wasn't me. Most of all I just say no. Interviewer: {NW} And if a women wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth and use it as a? 662: A sample Interviewer: mm-kay And something um say she sees a dress she likes very much she'd say that dress is very? 662: Pretty Interviewer: And does very pretty she'd say the dress was just? 662: Beautiful Interviewer: And something that she could wear over her dress in the kitchen? 662: An Apron Interviewer: And to sign your name in ink you'd use a? 662: Pen Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place? 662: Pin Interviewer: And something that um kind of a metal that uh well soup you buy comes in a can made out of? 662: Tin Interviewer: mm-kay And a dime is worth? 662: ten cents Interviewer: And say if I ask you if you know a person you might say no I don't know 'em but I what {X} I? 662: I've heard of 'em Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear hear you tell of them? 662: uh uh Interviewer: and um say it's something that you do everyday if I ask you do you do it frequently you'd say yes I? 662: Yes I do it often. Interviewer: okay And if you are asking me if he does that sorta of thing you'd say? 662: Does he do it often? Interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say well I don't smoke cigarettes but he? 662: Smokes Interviewer: You say 662: #1 He does # Interviewer: #2 {X} # huh 662: He does Interviewer: mm-kay And you say well I don't know if he did that or not but people. 662: People say he does. Interviewer: mm-kay And say if I ask you about something you say well I think that's right but I'm not? 662: Sure Interviewer: And um something that a man would wear to church on Sunday? 662: Suit Interviewer: And if he just bought it it would be a brand? 662: New suit Interviewer: And do you remember when they had a three piece suit? 662: The vest the pants and the coat. Interviewer: mm-hmm Any other name for pants? 662: Trousers Interviewer: mm-kay What about something a man would wear if he was working out around the barn? 662: Coveralls Interviewer: Do coveralls have sleeves to them or? 662: No Interviewer: One way you would 662: Coveralls yeah I guess it could. You have different variations of a coverall. You have the all in one with the sleeves and then you have the ones that just have the little strap and the bib. Interviewer: mm-hmm Any other name for the one with just the strap and the bib? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear over? 662: Overalls Interviewer: uh huh Is that different from the coveralls or? 662: Not that I know of. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if if you went outside without your coat and you were getting cold and you wanted it you'd say? Would you run inside and 662: Get my coat. Interviewer: And what it to me? and 662: Bring it to me Interviewer: mm-kay So you'd say so then you went in 662: Got the coat and brought it to Interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 662: #2 me # Interviewer: And you say here I have? 662: Brought Interviewer: mm-kay and you say that coat won't fit this year but last year it 662: Fit Interviewer: mm-kay And if you stuff a lot of things in your pocket it makes them? It makes them stick out you say it makes them? 662: Bulge Interviewer: mm-kay And {NW} you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it? 662: Shrunk Interviewer: And every shirt I've washed recently has? 662: Shrunk Interviewer: And I hope this new shirt won't? 662: Shrink Interviewer: And if a woman like to um likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to? 662: Dress up Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 662: Yeah Interviewer: What about if she likes to you know stand in front of the mirror and 662: Primp Interviewer: uh huh Do men do that? 662: Yeah nowadays they do {NW} Interviewer: What would you call a man who primps a lot? 662: Nowadays? Interviewer: Yeah 662: Fashion conscious I believe. Interviewer: What about a a back then? what 662: Sissy Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear the term jelly bee? 662: uh-uh Interviewer: For a man who primps. 662: uh-uh #1 never # Interviewer: #2 and # something that um you could carry your money in? 662: Purse Interviewer: mm-kay What about the little leather container that has a clasp on it? Would you call that a purse too for coins? 662: Oh the coin purse Interviewer: mm-hmm And something that a women would wear around her wrist? 662: A watch Interviewer: Or 662: #1 Bracelet # Interviewer: #2 okay # And say if you had a lot of little things um strung up together you put around your neck you'd call that a? 662: Beads Interviewer: mm-kay You'd call that a what of beads? 662: Strand Interviewer: mm-kay And something that you'd hold over you when it rains? 662: Umbrella Interviewer: And something that men used to wear to hold up their pants? 662: Suspenders Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for them? 662: For suspenders? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of galluses? 662: uh-uh Interviewer: What about um the last thing that you put on a bed you know the fancy cover? 662: The bed spread Interviewer: Any um old fashioned kinds or did you ever see people make them themselves? 662: Quilts Interviewer: mm-hmm But but what about a quilt that uh something like a quilt only it's not not really quilted together it's just sort of tacked together you call that a? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a comfort or county pin counter pin? 662: I've heard of a comforter yeah Interviewer: What's a comforter like? 662: A comforter is lighter it's it's quilted but it's light it is usually made out of light airy Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: material where a quilt would be heavier. Interviewer: What it is it you say it's quilted together just? 662: The comforters I've had Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: would be you know would still be quilted. Interviewer: It is just not as heavy. 662: Yeah I'm working on a quilt right now. Interviewer: You make quilts? 662: W- the clubs making one. {NW} Interviewer: What? 662: We have a quilting bee every week. Interviewer: Like the home home 662: Home demonstration club mm-hmm Interviewer: huh Can you make the real fancy kind? 662: The one that we making right now is ah it's not it's cute it's not the real fancy one though they call it the shoofly pattern. And the middle square is your solid material and each member that worked on it embroiders her name on there so ah after we finish with the quilt we gonna raffle it off and whoever's gonna win it is gonna see who worked on it you know the names are gonna be on it. Interviewer: How long is it gonna take y'all? 662: Seems like it's gonna take forever. It should take us about another month and a half cause we are quilting right now and that's Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: That's done by hand. Well everything has been done by hand. Interviewer: Do you have the quilting frame and everything? 662: We using a frame that is over a hundred years old right now. Interviewer: Gosh Do you enjoy quilting? 662: I love it. It's so relaxing. Except when you get knots at the bottom.{NS: phone rings} Interviewer: Is this your brother? 662: Jimmy's brother my brother-n-law {NW} Interviewer: And on the bed at the head of the bed? 662: The bolster oh the headboard Interviewer: What's the bolster? 662: A bolster that's a big long pillow instead of having two pillows you have one big long pillow. You ever see those? Interviewer: I don't I don't think so. I've heard of them but I don't think I have ever seen one. How far across do they go? 662: Across from one end of the bed to the other across. Interviewer: And something say if you had a lot of children had a lot of company over didn't have enough beds for everyone for the children you could make a? 662: Make a bed on the floor. Interviewer: And you'd call that a? 662: I'd call it roughing it {NW} I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a pallet or {D:shake down} 662: uh uh Interviewer: And talk about different kinds of land you'd say? We expect a big crop from that field because the soil is very? 662: Fertile Interviewer: What different kinds of of land do you have on a farm? 662: Different kinds of land? I don't know. Interviewer: Well what about the the flat land that's along the river? If it gets overflowed? 662: Delta Interviewer: What else? What's a delta like? 662: The delta is the like you just said when the river would overflow. Well that was years ago before they made the big levees and everything and when the river would over flow it would deposit you know rich soil and everything Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: into that land. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a intervals or low land or bottom land? 662: I've heard of low lands. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What are low lands? # 662: #2 Would be marsh. # Interviewer: huh? 662: Marsh Interviewer: #1 What's the marsh? # 662: #2 Marsh lands # Like well it would be like swamps with out the trees. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: you know Interviewer: Fresh water or salt water? 662: Well you could have ah brackish water in low lands. Low lands is usually brackish water to me that would be a combination of both. Interviewer: What what do you mean brackish water? salt 662: Salt and fresh. mm-hmm Interviewer: What about um uh a field that might be good for raising hay but not much else? Did you have a special name for that? 662: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a meadow or prairie or? 662: I've heard of meadow. Interviewer: What's a meadow? 662: A meadow to me is a pretty is a pretty piece of scenery where you see the wildflowers grow and an occasional tree ya know. Interviewer: uh huh Is this something that you read about? 662: Right Interviewer: And say if you had um what different kinds of soil? What would you call the real rich black soil? 662: Black Jack Interviewer: What's black jack? 662: That's the black soil that's what they call black jack down here. Interviewer: Is it good for growing things? 662: No I don't know wait a minute now black jack I think it is. Interviewer: What other kinds of soil? Besides the black jack. 662: Sandy soil Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of anything called loam or {D: lume}? 662: uh uh Interviewer: What about um say if you had some land that was swampy and you wanted to get the the water off the land you'd say you were going to? Do what to it? 662: Drain it Interviewer: mm-kay What would you dig to drain the water off? 662: Trench Interviewer: And something um say if you had a heavy rain the water cut out a little what would you call that? 662: Gully Interviewer: mm-kay What about something is a gully very big? 662: I don't think it would be big Interviewer: What about something real big? 662: A valley Interviewer: Well that the rain 662: Oh rain Interviewer: cut out 662: {NW} The only thing I can think of is erosion. Interviewer: mm-kay Well would you call it a a ravine or gully or {D: calla} 662: I would call it a gully. Interviewer: mm-kay what no matter what size it is? 662: Right Interviewer: What about um something that {NW} if you have some some water flowing along you'd call that a? 662: Water flowing along? Interviewer: That would be just a little? 662: Creek Interviewer: mm-kay What else besides a creek? 662: Stream Interviewer: What was that? 662: Stream Interviewer: What's the difference between a creek and a stream? 662: A stream is bigger. Interviewer: What else besides what? 662: Down here a bayou Interviewer: #1 What's a bayou? # 662: #2 canal # Interviewer: uh huh Is a canal something natural or is it man made? 662: Uh both Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the bayou? 662: The bayou is natural. Interviewer: Is is it about the same size as the canal or? 662: It can be. It can be larger it can be smaller a canal can be larger or smaller it all depends on what it is. Interviewer: How does the bayou compare with the creek? 662: um Bayou is bigger it's deeper it's wider Interviewer: How deep is a bayou usually? 662: A bayou is usually I imagine about anywhere between fifteen to twenty feet deep or maybe deeper you know. Now I'm in some areas because of man kind some bayous are about three feet deep now others are just dried you know in a dry spell waiting for the rain to come along and fill it up a little bit. Interviewer: What are the names of some of the bayou's or creeks or streams or around here? 662: Terrebonne bayou Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Bayou Lafourche Turtle bayou um I can't think of any. Oh Grand Bayou. What else? I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Bayou {D: Shening} 662: uh uh Interviewer: Maybe that was something up near Baton Rouge. 662: Oh Interviewer: Spill way or something. 662: I don't know I'm not there's there's this that's why it's called the bayou state that's why they have it on our license plates because boy they have some bayous over here. {NW} Interviewer: What about creeks are there any creeks around here? 662: Not really Either it's a ditch or a bayou or a canal in Louisiana. Or a river. Interviewer: uh huh Does a ditch have water flowing in it or? 662: mm-hmm It could Interviewer: What about what about the rivers what different rivers? 662: Mississippi Atchafalaya Pearl River Oh I missed bayou Bara- Barataria Now that's a big bayou by Lafitte. I missed that one but the rivers is Atchafalaya Pearl River and Mississippi River. Interviewer: mm-hmm And say something uh um sort of a shallow arm of the sea what you know the salt water but it is not really in the ocean yet? What would that be? 662: It's salt water #1 But it's not # Interviewer: #2 Well it's not really # the ocean yet. It is just this sort of an inland. 662: You mean the estuaries? Interviewer: mm-kay What what are some of those? 662: Estuaries are where the shrimps born and things like that. It it's at the bottom part of the state close to the gulf and they are like protected and everything and they spawn there are then they go out into the gulf that's why estuaries are so important to Louisiana. Interviewer: Do do they have any special names or do you ever? I was wondering um if you ever heard of an inlet or bay or cove or? 662: Oh we thinking about two different things now. Yeah like a bay Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: That would be enclosed by land three quarters and then have an opening at the open water Interviewer: mm-hmm What about this es? 662: The estuaries? Well that's that um like I said the water conditions are just right and there like it would be like small bays #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 It's just sort of a # a stream type thing 662: No there there pretty big Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: and uh there like I said they're important to the shrimp industry. Interviewer: Do Do do these estuaries do they have any any names though #1 or they # 662: #2 uh uh # Interviewer: they just? 662: There are just called estuaries. Interviewer: And that's where the the shrimp 662: Spawn yeah right and it's sorta like protected you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: It would be like a miniature bay I guess you know. Interviewer: What about um if you had a stream flowing along and the water dropped off and went on over you'd call that a? 662: Waterfall Interviewer: And a place where boats dock? And where they unload the freight? 662: Dock Interviewer: Anything else besides a dock? 662: Wharf Interviewer: What's the difference 662: None that I know of. Interviewer: What about a small place just along a a river just sort of small boat? 662: Pier Interviewer: mm-kay And a small rise in land? You'd call that a? 662: Hill Interviewer: Any other names? 662: Mound Interviewer: What about um to open the door you'd take hold to the door? 662: Knob Interviewer: Would you ever use that word knob talking about land? 662: No Interviewer: And something a whole lot bigger than a hill would be a? {NS} 662: A mountain Interviewer: And the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp? 662: Cliff Interviewer: And talking about several of those. You'd talk about several? 662: Cliffs Interviewer: And what different kinds of roads are there around here? 662: Horrible {NW} roads um black top cement dirt shell even board roads. Interviewer: Board roads? 662: Yeah they construct those to rig sites in the swamps. {NW} Construction companies go out ahead and make what they call board roads so that the equipment can move in and construct the oil rigs so that they can start drilling for oil and natural gas. Interviewer: What about um the black top road what's that made out of? 662: Asphalt Interviewer: mm-hmm And you mentioned the shell road what else can they put put on a road if they don't pave it? 662: If they don't pave it? Interviewer: Yeah those little rocks they call that a? 662: Gravel road Interviewer: uh huh And the little road that turns off the main road that'd be a? 662: Turns off the main road that's what we'd call a cut off Interviewer: mm-kay um what would you call just just a little road though? Not not one of the main roads. 662: A service road. Interviewer: And um a road that has a trees of fence on both sides of it? 662: Trees or fence? {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a lane? 662: Oh yeah Interviewer: What's that like? 662: It's it would be a shady road um country road Interviewer: uh huh 662: a lane. Interviewer: Would it be it would have to have trees on both sides though to be a lane? 662: You would uh Interviewer: I mean you'd associate it 662: Associate the trees with the lane. Interviewer: And a road in town would be called a? 662: Street Interviewer: And something along the side of the street for people to walk on? 662: A sidewalk or a banquette banquette banquette yeah banquette Interviewer: uh huh That's the old fashion name? 662: Yeah Interviewer: What about the strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? 662: Strip of grass besides the sidewalk and the street? {C: whispered} I don't know Interviewer: And say if you were walking along and an animal jumped out and scared you. You'd say I picked up a? 662: Rock Interviewer: And I? 662: Threw it at it. Interviewer: uh huh Anything else you'd say besides threw it at it? 662: You'd say I hit him with it {NW} Interviewer: Would you ever say I chucked it at him or 662: uh uh Interviewer: Pitched it at him or? 662: Threw Interviewer: And um if you went to someones house and knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say well I guess they are not? 662: Home {NW} Interviewer: And if someone was walking your direction you'd say he's coming straight? 662: Toward me Interviewer: And if you went into town and happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to run? 662: Into Interviewer: mm-kay And if a child is given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child what her mother? 662: After Interviewer: huh? 662: After of mother Interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock? 662: Fixed Interviewer: Or I? 662: Oh ate Interviewer: mm-kay {NW} And yesterday at that time I had already? 662: Eaten Interviewer: And tomorrow I will? 662: Eat Interviewer: And something that um that people drink for breakfast? 662: Take your pick {NW} orange juice coffee milk Interviewer: mm-kay And talk about uh coffee if you wanted some but there weren't any ready you'd say I guess I have to go? 662: Make some coffee. Interviewer: And tell me about putting milk in your coffee. You'd say some people like it how? 662: With milk in their coffee. Interviewer: mm-kay And other people like it? 662: Black Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for black coffee? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear of the expression drinking coffee barefooted? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And you'd tell a child now you can eat what's put before you or you can do? 662: Without Interviewer: And um something that um people eat for breakfast it's made out of ground up corn? 662: Corn flakes Interviewer: Or made out of ground up corn you eat it along with your eggs? 662: Oh grits {NW} Interviewer: What about something similar to grits only it's not ground up it's fine? 662: I don't know. Interviewer: It is something you could take it you'd soak it to and get the husks off the corn. Did you ever hear of hominy or fly corn? 662: I've always associated hominy with grits hominy grits Interviewer: mm-kay What about um this is something we don't eat it for breakfast but it's a it's a white grain um it grows in wet places it it grows in other areas of Louisiana? 662: Rice Interviewer: mm-kay And um say if you were real thirsty you might go over to the sink and pour yourself a? 662: Glass of water. Interviewer: And you'd say the glass fell off the sink and? 662: Broke Interviewer: So somebody has? 662: Broken the glass. Interviewer: And um talk about um distance you say well I don't know exactly how far it is but it's just a? A little? What? 662: I don't know what you are trying to say. Interviewer: Well #1 you say I don't # 662: #2 Just a little way # Interviewer: mm-kay And if you had been traveling and still had about five hundred miles to go you'd say you? 662: You has a good way to go. Interviewer: mm-kay And did you ever hear people say a far piece? {NW} 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: People would say that? 662: Yeah Interviewer: How how would they use that? They'd say? 662: He said well not down here you won't here far piece but oy you might hear ah cause they just making fun. Interviewer: uh huh 662: You know but he would say he has a far piece to go. Interviewer: uh huh And um if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you'd find that just about? 662: Anywhere Interviewer: And if someone slipped on the ice or something and fell this way you'd say you fell over? 662: Backward Interviewer: And this way? 662: Forward Interviewer: And if you'd been fishing {NW} and if I asked you did you catch any fish you might say no {D:what the line no} 662: They didn't bite. Interviewer: uh huh Would you ever say I didn't catch very one? Did you ever hear that expression? 662: I've heard it but they don't use it down here Interviewer: uh huh And 662: I didn't catch a one that's what they'd say down here. Interviewer: If you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you did what? 662: Cleared it Interviewer: And wheat is tied up into a? 662: Bundle? Interviewer: mm-kay And then they take the bundles and pile them into a? 662: I don't know Interviewer: #1 What about # 662: #2 Stack # Interviewer: mm-kay And um talk about how much wheat you raise to an acre. You might say we raise forty what of wheat to an acre? 662: Bundles Interviewer: Or forty? We talking about the bushel you'd say we raised forty? 662: Bushels Interviewer: mm-kay And what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 662: Mill it Interviewer: mm-kay And say if there was something that we had to do today just the two of us you could say we'll have to do it or another way of saying that? 662: We will have to do it. Interviewer: Instead of saying we you'd say? Do you ever say me and you or you and I or? 662: Yeah I've used both. {NW} I've put myself first and I've put someone else first too. Interviewer: How would what would you probably say? 662: You and I Interviewer: mm-kay What if you are talking to a say some man and yourself you'd say? 662: He and I Interviewer: And you'd say well this job uh say he doesn't want just you or just me for this job he wants? 662: You talking about both? Interviewer: uh huh You'd say he wants? 662: Both of us Interviewer: mm-kay And if you knock at the door and they ask who's there and you know that they recognize your voice you'd say it's? 662: Me Interviewer: And if it was some man you'd say it's? 662: It's he Interviewer: mm-kay and if it's a woman? 662: It is she. Interviewer: And if it is two people? 662: They Interviewer: And you say he's not as tall as? 662: She Interviewer: We're talking about yourself. He's not as tall as? 662: He's not as tall as I. Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall? 662: As he Interviewer: And if he can do that better? 662: He can do that better than me. Interviewer: mm-kay And um 662: Oh my little girl had all of this and I know I am getting it wrong she had this in English the last six weeks and I couldn't help her at all. {NW} Interviewer: #1 I'm just interested in what # 662: #2 yeah # Interviewer: what you would say. 662: Well I use both because you know sometimes I think this has a lot to do with peoples mood when they put themselves first. Interviewer: uh huh 662: You know. It all depends on their mood. Interviewer: {NW} Yes it's hard to it's something that you don't think about. 662: Yeah Interviewer: #1 If you say which one would you say # 662: #2 Yeah # Yeah Interviewer: It's hard to um You'd say if something belongs to me then you'd say it's? 662: It belongs to me Interviewer: or This isn't mine this is? I'd say um this isn't mine this is? 662: Yours Interviewer: And if it belongs to both of us then it's? 662: It's for us Interviewer: or 662: both of us. Interviewer: You'd say it's? 662: Ours Interviewer: mm-kay And if it belongs to them then it's? 662: Theirs Interviewer: And to him? 662: His Interviewer: And to her? 662: Hers Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say his'n? or your'n? Did you ever hear that? 662: Not down here. Interviewer: And if you were talking to a whole group of people how would you address them? You'd say? Would you say you to them or? Say if a group of people was over to your house and they were fixing a meeting 662: Yeah Interviewer: you'd say I hope 662: Yeah because you could be collective Interviewer: uh huh {NS} Well do you ever use anything else besides you? 662: Y'all Interviewer: mm-kay Would you ever use y'all just to one person? {NS} 662: To one person? Interviewer: uh huh 662: No Interviewer: And say if there was a group of people at your house and they're fixing to leave and you are asking them about their coats. You know everybody's coats. You'd say well where are? 662: Your Interviewer: huh? 662: Where are your coats? Interviewer: mm-kay Would you ever say y'all's coats? 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: Or you alls coats 662: I would Interviewer: How would you say that? 662: Where are y'all's coats? Y'all's with an s Interviewer: And 662: {X} Go through the front door from now on huh the wind keeps on blowing. Interviewer: Say if there was a party that you hadn't been able to go to and you were asking about the people that had gone you'd ask well? Who's at the party? You'd say well? 662: You mean if wait uh uh I got lost on that one. Did y'all go you mean? #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 But no # you want to know which people went you'd say well? 662: Who was there? Interviewer: uh huh Would you ever say who all was there? 662: No Interviewer: What if there's a group of children playing that obviously belong to more than one family you'd ask about them? 662: Who's kids are they? Interviewer: uh huh Would you ever say who alls kids are they? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And if there had been a speech you hadn't been able to hear and you were asking about all of the speakers remarks you know you'd say? 662: Who all Interviewer: or 662: spoke Interviewer: #1 or # 662: #2 you mean # Interviewer: or ask him about his remarks you know everything he said. You'd ask well? 662: What did he say? Interviewer: uh huh What about what all did he say? 662: No Interviewer: And you say if no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for? 662: For themselves Interviewer: And if no one else will do it for them. You say he better do it? 662: For himself Interviewer: And um say if you were real thirsty you might say I what a glass of water? 662: Drink Interviewer: And you'd ask me how much have you? 662: Drunk Interviewer: And um something that's um made out of flower and baked in a loaf? 662: Bread Interviewer: mm-kay What different kinds of bread? 662: White bread French bread Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: whole wheat Interviewer: What what do you put in white bread to make it rise? 662: Yeast Interviewer: And what other kinds of of um what about something that's made it's fried in deep fat and has a hole in the center? 662: Doughnut Interviewer: mm-kay Are there different kinds of doughnuts? 662: Yeah Interviewer: Do they have different names? 662: Beignet Interviewer: What? 662: The beignets? Interviewer: uh huh What? 662: Well it's um it's a plain dough and you fry it in deep fat and then after that you'd shake it in some powdered sugar. Interviewer: mm-hmm That's that's the French 662: That's the French doughnuts. The beignets Interviewer: Um what about something you you make up a batter and fry three or four of these for breakfast? 662: A batch Interviewer: Well something that um you eat with syrup and butter. You fry them for breakfast it's not a kind of doughnut it's something else. 662: Oh pancakes Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for pancakes? 662: Flap jacks Interviewer: mm-kay What about um say if you were you say there's two kinds of bread there's there's homemade bread and then there's? 662: Store bought bread. Interviewer: mm-kay What about um When you talking about home much flour might be in a sack you might say? The flour might a sack might contain ten? 662: Pounds Interviewer: And what sort of things are made out of cornmeal? 662: Cornmeal? Interviewer: mm-hmm What kinds of bread and things are made out of cornmeal? 662: Oh cornbread Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Uh you can use cornmeal to fry seafood with. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something you could make to eat along with the seafood? 662: Hushpuppies {NW} Interviewer: What do they look like? 662: That's little fritters with onions chopped onion in it and an egg milk Interviewer: It's little frit-? 662: Fritters Interviewer: #1 What's # 662: #2 Fried # It's fried they're dropped by teaspoon fulls into hot fat. Interviewer: What do you mean fritters? 662: A fritter is uh any it it's a fried food it's um round and usually when it's cooked on one side it will automatically pop over and cook on the other side. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: You can make eggplant fritters or banana fritters. And that's what a hushpuppy is it's a fritter. Interviewer: A fritter is just anything that's cooked in that's cooked that way? 662: It's yeah right Interviewer: It doesn't have to have meal or anything? 662: No because a you you can make eggplant fritters with eggplants and flour and sugar and vanilla and an egg you make a stiff it wouldn't be a dough it would be almost it would be in between a batter and a dough. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: you know Well it would be like um biscuit dough you know that consistency. A little bit thinner maybe and you drop it by teaspoon fulls into hot grease. And it's delicious. Interviewer: What about um something that you can make just with cornmeal salt and water? 662: Cornmeal salt and water? You talking about mush? Interviewer: mm-hmm Anything else like that? 662: The only thing I've ever used that for was for tamale pie. Interviewer: Was for what? 662: Tamale pie Interviewer: What's that? 662: Tamale you know tamale pie you know the stuff that you buy at the super market and you ground your uh brown your ground beef #1 and put the spices in. # Interviewer: #2 Oh that Mexican # 662: Yeah and you you make a mush to go on top with the cornmeal and the water and the salt and you top it off and you bake it Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear of anything called cush cush # 662: #2 cush cush # That's around Lafayette {NW} Interviewer: What's that? 662: That's around Lafayette the people eat cush cush. Interviewer: uh huh #1 {X} # 662: #2 It's not # too popular down here. Interviewer: How do they make that? 662: I don't know I guess it's the same thing as mush. And eat it with syrup I believe or you can eat it with milk. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And sugar like some people would eat oatmeal Interviewer: uh huh It around Lafayette that's that's more French then 662: That's what you call the Acadians around there. Interviewer: Is is that French the the same as what's spoken here? 662: Well I really I guess you could go in Louisiana and find French spoken differently in just about I don't know how many communities because like the people in Grand Isle I'll speak French differently than the people in upper Lafourche then in ah below Homer it'll be just a little bit different but generally they can understand each other there's just a few things that would be you know different. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: You know just a few just a few little expressions is really what is it yeah it's basically the same. Interviewer: Um did you ever hear of anything called a corn dodger? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And the inside part of the egg is called a? 662: Yolk Interviewer: And what color is that? 662: Yellow Interviewer: And if you cook them in hot water you call them? 662: Boiled Interviewer: Boiled? 662: Boiled eggs Interviewer: uh huh What about if you crack them and let them fall out of their shells in the hot water? 662: Poached Interviewer: And what about the um kind of pork that you can use for boiling with greens? 662: Salt pork Interviewer: mm-hmm Any 662: Salt meat Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear of um white bacon or fat back or 662: Slab bacon Interviewer: What's slab bacon? 662: Slab bacon is just? uh to me it's just the odd pieces that's left over in the factories that they can't slice uniform slices out of you know and package it and sell it for seasoning meat. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: That's what slab bacon is to me. Interviewer: What about the kind of meat you buy sliced to eat with eggs? {NS} 662: Ham bacon Interviewer: uh huh {NS} And um when you cut the side of a hog {NS} when you cut the side of the hog 662: The side of the hog? Interviewer: Would you call that um side of bacon or middle end of bacon or? 662: No I'm not too familiar with that. A side yeah Interviewer: uh huh What about hmm 662: Or a side of beef Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the um the outside of the bacon that you cut off? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of the the bacon rind or? 662: Oh yeah yeah rind Interviewer: uh huh 662: Bacon rind Interviewer: What and um the person who kills and sells the meat he's called a? 662: Butcher Interviewer: And if meats been kept to long you say that it's? 662: Spoiled Interviewer: And you could take the trimmings and slice them up and grind them and make you know something you could cut into little links maybe 662: Sausage Interviewer: mm-kay What do you make with the meat from the head? 662: Hog head cheese Interviewer: mm-kay Have you ever heard of anything called scrapple or hon hogs 662: uh uh Interviewer: What about um something made out of the liver? 662: Made out of the liver? Liver cheese Interviewer: How do you make that? 662: I don't know. Interviewer: What about the blood? 662: Blood sausage or boudin. {C: French pronunciation} Interviewer: Is boudin the same as blood sausage? 662: Well boudin {C: French pronunciation} uh you can get white boudin {C: French pronunciation} or you can get red boudin {C: French pronunciation} Now the red boudin {C: French pronunciation} called the blood sausage. Interviewer: What um what different inside parts of the hog do we {NS} 662: The ribs the inside I don't know what would the ham be the rump? You can get Interviewer: I mean the the 662: Organ meat you mean? Interviewer: Yeah what different 662: In potted meat you get everything I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of um {D: passlit or parslit} or liver in lites 662: uh uh Interviewer: What about something they could make out of the intestines? 662: Chitlins Interviewer: uh huh And say if you had butter that was kept too long and it didn't taste right 662: It's rancid Interviewer: mm-kay What about milk that gets thick you call that? 662: Clabber Interviewer: What do you make with that? 662: Cream cheese Interviewer: And the first thing you have to do after milking to get the impurities out? 662: Pasteurize Interviewer: Or what they do like you could you could to get the hairs and everything out? 662: Strain it Interviewer: mm-kay and this is something kind of like a a fruit pie only its got several layers of fruit and dough in it. 662: Cobbler Interviewer: mm-kay And if someone has a good appetite you say he sure likes to put away his? 662: Food Interviewer: And food taken between regular meals? 662: Snack Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear that called a lunch? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And um say if you took milk or cream and mixed that with sugar and nutmeg and made a sweet liquid to pour over a pie you'd call that a? 662: Milk and nutmeg? And sugar? Interviewer: Yeah 662: That's eggnog {NW} Interviewer: Well something that {NS} just a a sweet liquid that you could make to pour 662: Custard Interviewer: Well 662: Pudding custard? Interviewer: I was thinking something would you ever call it a sauce or a dip or a dressing? 662: Oh a sauce yeah custard sauce Interviewer: mm-kay And if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table and you tell them just go ahead and? 662: Eat Interviewer: But they are standing up you tell them? 662: Sit down Interviewer: mm-kay So then you went ahead and what down? 662: They sat down. Interviewer: mm-kay And you say no one else was standing because they had all? 662: Sat down Interviewer: And if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to them you tell them just go ahead and? 662: Wait now my mind's wandering say that again. Interviewer: If there's some potatoes on the table and you want someone to not to wait until they are passed over 662: Help yourself Interviewer: What? 662: Say that again help yourself. Interviewer: mm-kay Say you say so then he went ahead and? 662: Helped himself Interviewer: mm-kay And I asked him to pass them over to me since he had already? 662: Helped himself Interviewer: mm-kay And if you decide not to eat something you say? No thank you I don't 662: I don't eat that. Interviewer: Or if I offer you some food that you don't want you'd say I don't? 662: I don't indulge {NW} Interviewer: And if foods been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been? 662: Reheated Interviewer: mm-kay Do you ever say warmed up feed over? 662: Warmed up Interviewer: mm-kay And you put the food in your mouth and then you begin to? 662: Chew Interviewer: And you say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't? 662: Swallow Interviewer: He could chew it but he couldn't? aux: Swallow 662: Swallow Interviewer: And say if um carrots and peas and beets and so forth that that you grow yourself you'd call those? 662: Home grown Interviewer: Home grown what? 662: Vegetables {NW} Interviewer: And a place where you'd grow them would be? 662: Garden Interviewer: And whiskey that people would make illegally out in the woods? 662: Moonshine Interviewer: mm-kay Any other names for that? 662: Boot leg Interviewer: mm-kay What about the beer that they'd make? 662: Home brew Interviewer: mm-hmm You ever hear of um people make some sort of beer or liquor or something from from the sugarcane skins? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear of something I think it's called buck or something like that. 662: I've never heard of that. Interviewer: {D: Did you ever heard of anything called splow?} 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And you say this isn't imitation makers or this is? 662: Genuine Interviewer: And when sugar was sold not packaged but when it's sold weighed out of the barrel you'd say it was sold? 662: Loose Interviewer: mm-kay And if you were buying it whole sale you'd say you were buying it in? Say if you were buying about one hundred pounds at a time you'd say you were buying it in? 662: Bulk Interviewer: mm-kay And a sweet spread that you could put on toast or biscuits in the morning? 662: A sweet spread? Interviewer: uh huh 662: Jam jelly Interviewer: mm-kay And something you could season your food with? 662: Just any seasoning? Interviewer: Well no what you 662: Salt and pepper Interviewer: mm-kay And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one it'd say? If there's a bowl of apples on the table if the child wanted one he'd tell you? 662: May I have an apple Interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say well he doesn't live here he lives? 662: Over there Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever say yonder? 662: uh uh Interviewer: Do you ever hear that around here? 662: uh Not around here not to The foreigners come over here and use that word yonder but the natives don't use it. Interviewer: What do you mean foreigner? 662: Mississippians Texans {NW} people from Arkansas Interviewer: What about people from from North Louisiana are the foreigners? 662: Just about {NW} They don't call L-S-U stadium death valley for nothing. You ever heard them call that? Interviewer: I'm 662: L-S-U Death Valley aux: That horse you road this morning? Interviewer: Yeah I think so aux: I've seen you over there cause I was you know that door wide open spot back there? Interviewer: uh huh aux: Out by the hill camping out by the pond right next door 662: And don't swim you hear? {NW} Interviewer: Um if you tell someone don't do it that way do it? 662: This way Interviewer: mm-kay And if you don't have any money at all you say you're not rich you're? 662: Poor Interviewer: And you say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what father was rich next door was a child? 662: That's rich Interviewer: Or you talking about his father being rich. Next door was a child 662: You lost me again Interviewer: You say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what? Father was rich. Next door was a child 662: Whose father was rich Interviewer: mm-kay And say if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach? 662: Orchard Interviewer: And you might ask someone if that is his orchard {NW} you ask somebody if that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just a neighbor. And he'd point to another man and say he's the man? 662: Who owns the orchard. Interviewer: mm-kay And talk about kinds of animals some the kind of animal that barks? 662: A dog Interviewer: mm-kay And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell them? 662: Get it Interviewer: mm-kay What would you a a mixed breed dog? 662: A pot licker {D: A cayoodle} {D: A hines} Interviewer: A cay? 662: {D: Cayoodle} Interviewer: {D: What's cayoodle?} 662: That's just an old name down here for a mixed breed dog {D: a cayoodle.} I don't even know how you would spell that. But oh my daddy used to use that expression all the time. {D: So it's an old cayoodle.} Interviewer: Um Does that mean he is just a mixed breed dog or sort of a worthless dog? 662: Right Mixed breed just Interviewer: What about one of those small noisy little dogs that's always barking at you? 662: Chihuahua Interviewer: Or another name for them? 662: You mean you want the breed or you want just another name for them? Interviewer: Just a name a common name Did you ever hear of {D: buice?} 662: uh-uh Interviewer: What about just ah um it one of those big short haired dogs? 662: You want the breed or the name? Interviewer: Just the just the name. 662: Ah I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a cur? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And if you had a mean dog you might tell someone you better be careful that dog will? 662: Bite you Interviewer: And yesterday he? 662: Bit Interviewer: mm-kay And the person had to go to the doctor after he got? 662: Bitten Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever say dog bit? so and so got dog bit 662: Dog bite Dog bite Interviewer: What other would you ever say it um the person was? 662: Bitten Interviewer: uh huh Would you ever say dog bit? Would you ever say it that way? Or would you say bitten by a dog? 662: Bitten by a dog is what I'd say. Interviewer: And something that people used to plow with the animal? 662: Oh a mule Interviewer: mm-kay And two of those hitched together they'd call that a? 662: Team Interviewer: mm-kay What what else besides mules would people have around a farm? 662: We back to the farm animals again? {NW} ah Horses Cattle Chickens Ducks Hogs Interviewer: Um talking about the the horses you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses? 662: Ride Interviewer: And yesterday he? 662: Rode Interviewer: But I have never? 662: Ridden Interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell? 662: Off Interviewer: Say the whole thing. I fell 662: I fell off Interviewer: Wait talk about the horse I fell I fell what the horse I fell 662: I fell off the horse Interviewer: mm-kay And say a child was asleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning you say I guess I must of? 662: Fallen off the bed Interviewer: And the things that you put on the horses feet you call those the? 662: Horseshoes Interviewer: And the parts of the feet that you put the shoes on are called the? 662: Hoof Hoofs hooves {NW} Interviewer: And did you ever see a game played with the horseshoes? 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 662: Ring toss game Interviewer: uh huh And the female horse is called the 662: Mare Interviewer: What about the male? 662: Stallion Interviewer: uh huh Was that what knights used? Stallions? 662: I don't see why not Interviewer: Were there any other names for the male-? 662: Stud Interviewer: uh huh How did that word sound did that sound kind of vulgar? 662: uh yeah I guess it does but now now a days it doesn't Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What about # 662: #2 There's a lot of money made from that word # Interviewer: {NW} What about the animal that you milk? You call that a? 662: Cow Interviewer: And if it's first born it's called a? 662: Calf Interviewer: And if it's a female it's a? 662: Calf Interviewer: mm-kay what about a male? 662: Calf Interviewer: um and the grown male he's called a? 662: Bull Interviewer: mm-kay Was that word nice to use? 662: Yeah Interviewer: Any other names for bull? 662: No not that I know of. Interviewer: You never heard of people um older women or someone being embarrassed say the word bull did ya? 662: No Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say she was gonna? what? 662: She was gonna {NW} have a calf. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear drop a calf or 662: uh uh Interviewer: calf or coming fresh. And what people raise sheep for is the? 662: Wool Interviewer: And the female sheep is called the? 662: I don't know one of my pets. {NW} Interviewer: What about the male? 662: Wait now a male is called I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a ram or 662: A ram yeah I always associate a ram you know the big horn rams that you see up in the mountains you always think of that's what I think of as a ram. Interviewer: I don't guess the ram sounds vulgar to you does it? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And talking about the hogs when they are first born you call them? Well when they are babies you know you call them? 662: Pigs Interviewer: mm-kay What about when they are about half grown? Then you call them? 662: Pigs Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear of shoats? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about the female they're called the? 662: I don't know I would just call it a pig Interviewer: uh huh 662: Or a hog Interviewer: What about if if she if she has babies then she would be a? Did you ever hear of a sow or a gilt? 662: Oh yeah I've yeah I didn't even know that's you know. {NW} I'm just not familiar you know? Interviewer: Yeah 662: I knew a sow was a pig but I didn't know that you know? It was a that she had right right Interviewer: What about the male? They're called the? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of boar or sea hog 662: When I think of a boar I think of a wild boar. I don't think of anything domestic. Interviewer: You don't think about it being male or female? 662: No I just think of a wild boar charging through the jungle you know. Interviewer: Um what about say if you had a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a male hog what would you say you were gonna do to it? 662: Butcher it Interviewer: Or your not going to butcher him but you don't want him to grow up so he can be used for breeding you say you're going to? 662: You mean like uh have a castrating Interviewer: uh huh Any other terms for castrate? 662: No neuter Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you say if you were talking about say a a cat? You know a tom cat. 662: Yeah Neutered Interviewer: mm-kay And {NS} What happened to that dog's? 662: They put nail polish on it {X} her nails. She's a lady. {NS} Interviewer: Some places you know to get the the nails off on a dog they just put Novocaine there at some kennels they just chop it off And they chop some of the quick off too so they then they have to put {X} or something on to keep it from being infected I was thinking maybe y'all had done that. 662: Uh no the kids tried to polish her nails this morning and got it in her face besides. Interviewer: {NW} 662: Poor thing Interviewer: How many dogs do y'all have? 662: Lady and our German Shepard Joe Interviewer: He's the brave dog 662: That's the one that's so ferocious {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um did you ever hear a name for a castrated male hog? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Bar {D: barrow} barrow 662: No Interviewer: And you know the stiff hairs a hog has on it's back? 662: Bristles Interviewer: mm-kay What about the big teeth that he has? You know the 662: Tusk Interviewer: mm-kay And what you put the food in for the hogs? That would be called a? 662: Trough Interviewer: And if you had three or four of those you'd have three or four? 662: Troughs Interviewer: And say if um you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth when they were getting hungry you'd say you had to go feed the? 662: Animals Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever say the the stock or the critters or the cattle? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about if it's time to feed them and do your chores you say that it's? Do you ever say feeding time {D: or fodder time?} 662: mm-mm Interviewer: or chore time? And what if you are talking about chicken and turkeys and geese would you have a general name for those kinds of animals? 662: Poultry Interviewer: mm-kay And um if you wanna get they say before you can hitch your horse to a wagon or a buggy you have to do what to them? 662: I wouldn't know Interviewer: Well you know when you put that everything on it you say you say you have to? 662: Harness Interviewer: mm-kay And when you are driving a horse what you hold in your hand? 662: The reins Interviewer: And when you are riding on it you hold the? 662: Reins Interviewer: And your feet are in the? 662: Stirrups Interviewer: And do you know um did you ever hear of the term referring to plowing with with horses the one on the left or the right did you ever hear of the lead horse or the nigh horse or off horse? 662: I've heard of a lead horse. Interviewer: What's the lead horse? 662: I don't know. {NS} I think that's supposed to be the smarter one {NW} I really don't know. Interviewer: And the noise that a cat makes when it's being weaned? You say the cat did what? 662: {D: I don't know} Interviewer: Well did you ever hear it cries blates or falls? 662: I would just say it cries. Interviewer: mm-kay What about the noise that a cow makes? You say she? 662: Moos Interviewer: mm-kay And the noise that a horse makes? 662: Whinnies Interviewer: mm-kay And did you ever hear anybody call a cow to get it him in and out of the pasture? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear anyone call a calf? 662: No Interviewer: um what about a horse? 662: No by his name I guess. Interviewer: uh huh What about sheep? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: I don't guess that they have those around here. 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear anyone call hogs? 662: They say sooie Interviewer: mm-kay Do you know how that goes? 662: uh uh {NW} Interviewer: What about um chicken 662: chick chick chick chick {NW} Interviewer: Did y'all have chicken? 662: My grandmother had chicken. {D: My moms mom} Interviewer: Where did your grandmother live? 662: That house right next door. Interviewer: #1 And y'all lived # 662: #2 And my aunt # Interviewer: In Thibodaux 662: mm-hmm My aunt owned both houses this one and the other one Interviewer: Was this the grandmother that couldn't speak? 662: But could cook. She could speak English but you know it was broken up. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: She used to prefer to speak in French but I'd always demand that she would speak in English. Interviewer: It really is funny that the language can just die out in one generation. 662: mm-hmm It's well I think that's why they trying to push that {X} fill program in Louisiana to regenerate the French you know. Interviewer: {D: What is the COTA fill?} 662: {D: COTA} fill it's a uh I don't know what it stands for the but it's an abbreviation of a title anyway they they pushing for the young people to start learning how to speak French again and to learn about there French background and you know and uh I think that they are really trying to push it more and more down here because now something I didn't have when I was a teenager was your gumbo festival and your shrimp festival and jambalaya festival and your Cajun days and they starting to bring back the {C: French, fais do-dos} #1 and you know # Interviewer: #2 What's that? # 662: {C: French, fais do-dos} was something that all the people would gather and they'd dance and they'd bring their kids and the mamas and daddies and the kids would be out there and just it would be like a big dance but the whole family would come. Now they have the {C: French, fais do-dos} again you know with the different festivals and everything and they put on the old bonnets you know and just {NW} Interviewer: Where do they have this? 662: Well in the olden days it was always the big the big place you know what I am talking about like they used to have the pavilion in Thibodaux and this and that but now it is always just like school functions or a community functions that they'll have once a year and they'll put on a {C: French, fais do-dos} but it it's nothing in comparison to what it was years ago but they want to let the children know about these things you know. Interviewer: Is this um this area is {NS} is pretty French it's not {D: not not like Lafayette or Saint Martinville is} {NS} Do people here feel um {NS} sort of a sense of you know we're we're Cajun or you know and we're you know the sa- feel more of an identity with being southern Louisiana you know I mean do 662: You mean do we feel like we are different from someone from Shreveport? Interviewer: Yeah I mean #1 do you feel # 662: #2 Definitely # Interviewer: I mean like you know like some people in the south they'll feel we're southerners you know as opposed to you know everybody else you know then feel really a sense of unity and feel sort of a little hostility toward outsiders or or feel feel that they are set apart do people 662: #1 I think so # Interviewer: #2 feel that around here much? # 662: I think so I think um I wish that you could get a hold of a recording there's {D: uh someone from Lafayette I don't know who it is} and he wrote a composition called what is a Cajun? Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And this recording describes completely what a Cajun is. And it's really interesting. And I think that um I think I don't I don't know I'm not familiar with any other parts of the country really and how the people are Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: but uh I think that there's something about people from south Louisiana that that is different from other people you know. I think they have sort of a definite possessiveness I maybe it is because our background is so colorful we have we do have a different background you know south Louisiana. Interviewer: What do you mean a possessiveness? 662: Um Interviewer: Do you think people are more close knit down here I mean more 662: #1 I think so I think people # Interviewer: #2 more family oriented # 662: Uh I don't know I just think that ah well like I'll give you an example my husband or some any other Louisiana native that'll work with my husband will feel like there is a lot of guys from out of state you know they will call someone from Mississippi a stump jumper and like he could be living down here thirty years but he's you know you you can get accepted and say you're a converted {D: cunas} you know you that's it you drink the bayou water and you'll always stay but um there's just something about being an actual native you know and that's just the way we are. Just like when the Rams play the Saints for the first time, they said they had seen fans in their life but never like in New Orleans. Interviewer: {NW} 662: There's something violent about us the way we a Cajun is supposed to love hard he's supposed to hate hard he's supposed to you know he'll get mad at you and then the next minute he'll give you the shirt off his back. That's about all it rolls into and that's how this guy describes a Cajun. You know. Interviewer: uh huh 662: Always to the nth degree Interviewer: uh huh 662: In anything that we do we play hard you know and and Interviewer: #1 What about um # 662: #2 that's how we are. # Interviewer: This what about the racial situation here is it I know I've been in Mississippi you know it's it seems to be a little different down here I can't. #1 I can't really describe # 662: #2 I think Mississippians hate blacks more than what Louisianians do # because the people in Louisiana used to work with the blacks a lot in the cane fields and oh myself I mean mama had um black women to work for her and when I was small I I was sickly when I was small and I had a black woman to take care of me and I loved it just as much as anybody else you know. But I think what really hurts nowadays is that the younger people the younger blacks are being taught to hate I think they want this they want the equal rights but I think they are going about it the wrong way because there is such a hate in it you know what I mean? Like when it's um incident happened at the Howard Johnson in New Orleans now my kid's my boy's in the seventh grade and a boy went to school the next morning it was a black boy and he says well that's good a few whites got killed. Interviewer: What what incident? 662: When the sniper killed I don't know how many people in New Orleans last year at the Howard Johnson and was burning I don't know how many rooms and killed I don't know how many people and had the police baffled they were just you know tearing into the building with guns and what have you. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um the the I was really um I was down in Lafayette um a couple months ago and I talked to a a and noticed that most of the blacks down there spoke French 662: Oh yeah Interviewer: and um they seemed to me not only was you know their language different but just everything about them seemed seemed to be a little different from you know say a black in Mississippi of something of it just seemed to be a different sort of culture or something you know. 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: they seemed they struck me as being more #1 French # 662: #2 friendly # Oh what about friendly? Interviewer: Well they were friendlier um but they just I I didn't know I was just really surprised because it was a different sort of culture all together. 662: Well most of their ancestors worked here in Louisiana on plantations you know with the French people. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: They were raised with the French people #1 that's why. # Interviewer: #2 I guess they picked up a lot of the # 662: And they did oh yeah a lot of the black people around Lafayette have French names too Interviewer: uh huh 662: Plenty {D: Peletier's and Boudreaux's and Robichaux's and {C: French pronunciations}} stuff like that. Interviewer: Do the you think there's as much between just talk about the the real French people now like the ones that you know the older people who still speak French and everything. You think that um that they're less antagonistic toward blacks as you know a lot of the say someone in Mississippi delta or something an older person out there. 662: You mean the people down here? Interviewer: Yeah Do you think 662: I think they are Interviewer: There's less 662: #1 antagonistic # Interviewer: #2 right to awareness # 662: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 antagonism # 662: I think so course that's just my opinion Interviewer: What about the older French people do they feel set apart from the the younger people who don't speak French any more? Do they feel? 662: I don't think so Interviewer: Most of them just go ahead and 662: I think if I think you know like you were saying {NW} um it's their fault that the younger people don't know how to speak French anyway cause they should have seen to it that the child would learn. Interviewer: yeah 662: And it was you know it was convenient for my mother she learned how to speak she spoke English she speaks English and um she didn't take the time she knew my grandmother was having ah difficulty speaking English to me but yet she didn't you know she didn't urge me to learn French. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: So really we can't blame ourself and we can't blame the younger children you know it's like the group around my mothers' age that you can really say well they didn't push Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: to teach the children French. Interviewer: Does um does French that they learn in school is it the sort of the Parisian French is it is it the standard French they teach in school or they they going ahead and teaching what people around here speak? 662: Uh from from what I understand from what I've seen I have a little niece that's taken it. Uh we see that they are going back to it now because I have a niece that's in Catholic school in Homer and she's in the third fourth grade and she's learning French and they didn't offer that. Interviewer: Is she is she learning the #1 Louisiana French # 662: #2 and it's no it's not # it's more the Parisian French you know. The proper French because it does differ my we were discussing it one day and my sister in law said well I thought this was this you know but Interviewer: uh huh 662: it isn't you know they were explaining it in a book. So it is different. Interviewer: It seems to me that they ought to just teach 'em just get a few natives speakers of French and you know and teach just what's spoken in this area. 662: Well I wish I would've learned. Interviewer: {NW} 662: Like I said I know a few things but uh I can't carry a conversation you know. Interviewer: Can you understand a conversation? 662: I can understand very little really Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: very little and that's it much to my regret. Interviewer: yeah 662: I wish I could you know. I was a telephone operator when I first got out of high school and I was always afraid I'd get a French speaking person. Course I could always turn over to somebody else you know if I did but I never did um have any difficulty but I know if some of the girls that did get you know the real French speaking people that um they could help them out. Course that's getting you know less and less now. Interviewer: Yeah Um we talked about the calls to animals um do you ever hear um um what would you say to a a mule or horse to get them to turn left or right? 662: I wouldn't know Interviewer: What about to get them started you'd tell them? 662: Giddy up Interviewer: mm-kay And to stop them? 662: Whoa Interviewer: And to make them back up? 662: I don't know {C: laughter} {NW} Interviewer: And um the inside part of the cherry the part that you don't eat you call that the? 662: Pit Interviewer: mm-kay What about in a peach? 662: Stone Interviewer: And you know that part inside the stone? You know if you if you 662: The heart Interviewer: mm-kay And the kind of peach you have to cut the stone out of? 662: What you mean a free stone? Interviewer: Mm-kay what other kind? There's free stone and then there's? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Is it easy or hard to get the the stone out of the free stone? 662: I don't know a free stone is a free stone peach it doesn't have a stone. That's all I get are the free stone peach in a can the stone's gone already. Interviewer: uh huh okay um What about the part of the apple that you don't eat? 662: The core Interviewer: And if you cut up apples and dry them you say you are making? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of snip? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And what kind of nuts grow around here? 662: Nuts uh pecans pecans that's all I can think of. Interviewer: What about a a kind of nut that what kind of nut would you use if you were making cookies or something? 662: Pecans Interviewer: What else? What kinds could you buy at the store? 662: Oh walnuts Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the kind of nut that's shaped like your eye? 662: Oh a peanut Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for peanut? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear of pindars? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um the kind of nut you'd buy around Christmas? It's flat if you buy it already out of the shell then it's it's flat and white. 662: Oh almonds Interviewer: mm-kay And tell me about that walnut did you ever see a walnut just off a tree? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: mm-kay but I was going to ask you um you know they got two coatings on them do you ever? 662: I didn't know that. Interviewer: A kind of fruit that grows down in Florida? 662: Grapefruit oranges Interviewer: mm-kay Say you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are? 662: Gone Interviewer: mm-kay What sort of things would grow in a garden? {NW} 662: What sort of things you'd grow in a garden? Tomatoes lettuce butter beans string beans egg plant bell peppers squash pumpkin Interviewer: Are there different kinds of squash? 662: Yeah there are there's squash yeah you have uh we grow the white squash down here. Interviewer: mm-hmm What does that look like? 662: It's uh round it's round but flattened. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And it has a a scalloped edge. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And it's good make a squash pie. Interviewer: What about um you mention the um tomatoes what do you call the ones that don't get any bigger than this? 662: Cherry tomatoes Interviewer: mm-kay And you mentioned string beans is there another name for them? 662: String beans green beans? Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about snap beans? 662: Snap beans Interviewer: #1 that's # 662: #2 that's the same thing # Interviewer: What about um butter beans? 662: Lima beans Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 662: Same thing Interviewer: And if you wanted to uh what would you have to do to butter beans to get the beans out you have to 662: Oh peel peel 'em shuck um what do you call it? I don't know. Snap 'em. No I don't know. Interviewer: What about shell them? 662: Shell them yeah right yeah that's it you shell butter beans. Interviewer: uh huh And this is something that a little red thing that grows down in the ground you put it in salad maybe? 662: Beets Interviewer: No it's something that's only about this big 662: Radishes Interviewer: mm-kay And along with your meats you might have a baked? 662: Potato Interviewer: What different kinds of potatoes are there? 662: Irish white that's it. Interviewer: Irish? 662: Irish potatoes and white potatoes Interviewer: What's the difference? 662: White potato has a um a mealier meat and the skin is uh brown it's it's has um a coarser jacket Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And in the Irish potato is um juicier Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And the shape's different too. Irish potatoes uh longer Interviewer: mm-hmm Are they what color are they on the outside? 662: What which one? The Irish? Red Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the inside? 662: White Interviewer: What about the um another kind of potato? 662: Sweet potato Interviewer: uh huh What different kinds of sweet potatoes are there? 662: I don't know all I know is that some people call them sweet potatoes and some people call them yams there's supposed to be a difference but I don't know I don't know the difference. Interviewer: uh huh 662: You know Interviewer: What about um something that has a strong odor and make your eyes water if you cut it? 662: Onions Interviewer: uh huh What do you call those little onions that you that would be about this big you know and you they have the the stalk to them. And 662: Shallots Interviewer: mm-kay And if you leave a plum laying around it will dry up and get smaller you say that it'll do what? 662: Dehydrate Interviewer: mm-kay Well what would you say bacon does when you when you fry it? 662: What would you say bacon does? You cook it and the fat melts Interviewer: And it it 662: Shrivels Interviewer: mm-kay And um something that's a leafy vegetable? 662: Lettuce Interviewer: Or something else like that? 662: Cabbage Interviewer: mm-kay And talking about several of those you'd say? Several? 662: Heads of cabbage Interviewer: mm-kay And um would you ever use that word heads talking about children? Say someone had six children to say he had six heads of children? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about someone who had about fourteen children you say he really had a? 662: A brood {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever say a castle? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And um say you take the tops of the turnips and cook them and make a mess of? 662: Turnip greens Interviewer: mm-kay What other kinds of greens besides turnips do you eat? 662: Spinach Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Greens? Lettuce is green uh cabbage broccoli. No that's not greens. Oh you talking about green vegetables in general or crispy greens? Interviewer: Just greens 662: Turnip greens Interviewer: You ever have poke? 662: Mustard greens Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear of poke? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Poke salad 662: mm-mm I've heard the song {NW} I've never seen it. {NW} Interviewer: What are the um used in gumbo? 662: File {C: French} Interviewer: huh? 662: File {C: French} you mean Interviewer: What's file? {C: French} 662: File is the {C: French} the stuff that you use to thicken your gumbo that's ground sassafras leaves. Interviewer: They call that file? 662: F-I-L-E with a little {NW} over the E Interviewer: What else what kind of vegetables do they put into? 662: Okra Interviewer: uh huh 662: onions Interviewer: And um something that um they get from the kinds of seafood they get from the gulf they trap in nets? 662: Shrimp Interviewer: mm-kay If you were gonna buy some of those you'd you'd ask for two or three pounds of? 662: Shrimp Interviewer: And something that comes in a shell? 662: Oyster Interviewer: And um the kind of corn that is tender enough to eat off the cob? 662: Corn on the cob boiled corn Interviewer: uh huh any other names for that? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear roast roasting ears 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about mutton corn? 662: No Interviewer: And the outside of the ear of corn? 662: I'm drawing a blank corn shucks. Interviewer: mm-kay What about the stringy stuff? 662: Corn silk Interviewer: And the thing that grows at the top of the corn stalk? You know that little bunch sort of thing? 662: Yeah I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear tassel or tossel? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And what different kinds of melons grow around here? 662: Uh cantaloupe watermelon Interviewer: Did you ever hear of mushmelon? 662: Mushmelon my grandmother used to call it mushmelon and all it was was cantaloupe. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about are there different kinds of watermelon? 662: There's different kinds but I don't know. Some of them are round are dark green and the others are light green with the dark green stripes in it and longer. Interviewer: uh huh What about um say if it had rained for awhile something that would spring up in the woods or fields after it had rained just little umbrella shaped things? 662: Mushrooms Interviewer: mm-kay any other name for them? 662: Toad stools Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 662: No Interviewer: What's the difference? 662: Well down here you can go and get fresh mushrooms that grow off the willow trees and it it it almost looks like an an oyster shell you know similar to it and it's delicious in chicken stew and stuff like that and then the toad stew has the little stem and the dome top. Interviewer: Does it grow on the ground? 662: On the ground mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Not on the # 662: #2 It can grow on # tree stumps and on the ground as well Interviewer: Can you eat the toad stew? 662: No not that I know of. There's different kinds of mushrooms that resemble the toad stews that you can get at the can in the B and B. {NW} Interviewer: Um say if um you might say well that that soup is so hot that it's it's all I can do to the soup is so hot I can barely? 662: Swallow Interviewer: mm-kay or something that people smoke made out of tobacco? 662: Cigarettes Interviewer: And something else? 662: Cigars Interviewer: And say someone asked you about doing a certain job whether you were able to you'd say sure I do it sure I? 662: Can Interviewer: How how would you say that? 662: Sure I can do it. Interviewer: mm-kay And if you weren't able to do it you'd say no I? 662: Can't Interviewer: And something that you just refuse to do? 662: Can't {C: pronunciation difference} {NW} Interviewer: Would you say can't 662: I say can't sometimes {C: pronunciation difference} Interviewer: uh huh What about if there is something that you just refuse to do you might say? 662: Won't Interviewer: mm-kay And say there was a really bad accident up the road but there wasn't any need to call the doctor because by the time we got there the person was what dead was? 662: Pronounced Interviewer: or would you say he's done dead or was already dead? 662: He was already dead. Interviewer: Would you ever say done? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Already you ever say have you ever heard of that around here? 662: Done you mean use done before? Interviewer: To mean to use the word done to mean already. Like you say the meat's done spoiled or the meat? 662: Oh yeah yeah Interviewer: Would you ever say that yourself? 662: I don't think I do but I've heard it you know maybe I don't know I don't think I do though. Interviewer: And you know gun fighters on television for for every man they kill they cut a little 662: Notch Interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say um at this time of the year say say if the corn season was a little short you'd say well at this time of the year the corn what taller the corn if the corn isn't as tall as you as it was last year you say this time of the year the corn? 662: Is shorter Interviewer: mm-kay or it's not as tall as it? 662: Was Interviewer: And you might tell a child you're not doing what you what do you're not doing what you your child is misbehaving you tell them that you're not doing what you? 662: Should Interviewer: mm-kay Or another way of saying that you're not doing what you what to do? You say what? 662: Being told Interviewer: uh huh Well would you say what you ought to do or 662: Oh Interviewer: huh? 662: You're not doing what you oughta do yeah Interviewer: Or say if a child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 662: Shouldn't do are we back on that or? Interviewer: Using the word ought you'd say? 662: Ought not to do you mean? Interviewer: Mm-kay and 662: I don't usually say that I just say I betcha he did something wrong Interviewer: {NW} And say if um if I ask you if you'll be able to do maybe some work next week or something you might say well I'm not sure if I can do it but I 662: I'll try Interviewer: Or I might 662: Be able to do it Interviewer: Do you ever say I might could? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: Do you ever does that sound funny to you do you ever hear it or? 662: Uh I don't know I might could do it yeah that sounds familiar. Interviewer: What's that? 662: It sounds familiar. Interviewer: How how would people use it around here? 662: I might could do it sounds like it would be used down here I don't I think so. I've really never paid it any attention you know. Interviewer: Yeah 662: To these expressions Interviewer: Um the kind of bird that you'd see in the dark? 662: An owl Interviewer: mm-kay What do you call a small kind of owl? 662: A hoot owl Interviewer: What? 662: A screech owl Interviewer: uh huh What about um did you ever hear any superstitions about owls? 662: Mm-hmm The old people used to think when you'd hear a screech owl there would be a death in the family. Interviewer: Really? 662: Uh huh Interviewer: What what would they do about it? #1 Anything? # 662: #2 Nothing # They that's what they used to believe if a screech owl would come around your house and you'd hear a screech owl there would be a death. Interviewer: Did um did you ever hear any things about um did you ever hear them called the death owl? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about um did you ever hear of doing things to make the owl stop screeching? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: You like grab your wrist or turn your pocket inside out or? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 662: Woodpecker Interviewer: mm-kay What do you call the large ones? 662: A big woodpecker {NW} Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear any other names? 662: Uh Uh no Interviewer: What about um turning the name around did you ever hear it called peckerwood? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear did you ever hear the word peckerwood at all? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: Um and a kind of black and white animal that stinks? 662: A skunk Interviewer: Mm-kay any other name for him? 662: uh uh Interviewer: Polecat or civvy cat or? 662: I've heard of a pole cat but I wouldn't associate it with a skunk. Interviewer: What would you associate a pole cat with? 662: Like a bobcat Interviewer: mm-hmm Just a a large? 662: Yeah a wild cat you know Interviewer: Say some animals have been coming and killing the chickens what general name would you have for the kind of animals that would do that sort of thing? Like you'd say I'm gonna get a gun and kill those? Did you ever use the word varmint? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Are you are you familiar? 662: I'm familiar with the word but it's not used down here too much. Interviewer: Uh huh What would people say? 662: {NW} Down here {NW} I'm gonna take the gun and shoot those S-O-B's {NW} Interviewer: What about the word varmint? 662: Uh uh No Interviewer: Um and a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 662: Gets up in the trees? A cat Interviewer: Or just a something just a bushy tailed animal about this size? 662: Oh a squirrel Interviewer: Uh huh What different kinds of squirrels are there? 662: I don't know A flying squirrel and a regular squirrel {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever see them different colors or anything like red or gray or? 662: I've seen yeah the brown and I've seen the reddish one and I've seen one with a little bit more gray {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear a special name for the reddish one? #1 A fox squirrel # 662: #2 A fox squirrel # Interviewer: What's that? 662: A fox squirrel Interviewer: uh huh What about the other kind? 662: I don't know Interviewer: And something kind of like a squirrel that has little stripes down its back? 662: Chipmunk Interviewer: mm-kay And what different fish do people get around here? 662: Sacalait {C: French pronunciation} perch red fish drum sheepshead catfish um choupique {C: French pronunciation} trout Interviewer: What's the choupique one? 662: A choupique is {C: French pronunciation} an old-timey fish they used to they jokingly called it a cypress trout and it's a it's a bloody bloody fish when you cut it open and bleeds plenty. Interviewer: What about the sacalait? 662: Sacalait {C: French pronunciation} that's like a white perch. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um from the salt water? 662: Oh the salt water well you could get drum, sheepshead, red fish um {D: tarpon} um trout channel mullets catfish Interviewer: mm-hmm Do the um 662: Flounder Interviewer: huh? 662: Flounder Interviewer: uh huh Do the sheepshead and drum do do they um they're able to stay in the fresh or salt water or was it a different kind of? 662: I don't know I think I think they both salt water fish I'm not sure. Mama could tell you that, I don't know. Interviewer: #1 She's the one who does all the fishing? # 662: #2 Yeah she's the fishing expert # Interviewer: {NW} Do they have big boats does your mother have a a big boat? 662: Uh she don't have a boat she goes out there and surf fishes Interviewer: #1 Way down the # 662: #2 On the surf # Interviewer: Does she catch big fish? 662: She caught a twenty six pound red last year that beat the red fish rodeo champion two weeks later. {D: And she caught a hundred and something pound garth fish out there.} Interviewer: A hundred and something pound fish? 662: mm-hmm with a pin reel. Interviewer: You mean just by casting out? 662: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # How how did she ever bring it in? 662: Well she had help I mean you know. But she fought it for over an hour. That's a tough ol' gal. Interviewer: Seems like a fish that size would {NW} 662: She knows how to play a fish no she knows how to play a fish. She's good Interviewer: How would they ever bring a fish like that in? Seems like they just have to get out in a boat or something. 662: No because you can bring them in on a surf I mean you know. Usually you have to go out because there is good fishing on the rigs by Grand Isle. You know a lot of those fishing parties will go out there because the rigs the structure well a lot of the the food starts growing around the rigs you know and clings on to the to the legs and everything and that draws the smaller fish and then the smaller fish draw the big fish. And that's why the fishing is so good off of Grand Isle that's why they catch all those big fish. Interviewer: Are you allowed to just go out? 662: Mm-hmm yeah anybody can go out there and just get out there in your boat and go ahead and fish. They also have a scuba a rodeo out there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Spear fishing and The little town doesn't look like much but there's riches off you know right out right out there in the gulf. Interviewer: Can you swim out there? 662: The beaches are filthy. There's a Interviewer: Oil spills and stuff? 662: Uh it's not necessarily oil spills, it's just that they use the gulf for a garbage can. You know what I mean? Interviewer: Yeah 662: And uh the beach is pretty messy there's a they swim out there. There's a a little park a little public park where I mean oh in the summer time you have Winnebagos and star crafts and apaches and tents and everything else. It's a popular spot. Interviewer: Yeah 662: And a lot of the richer people around here all have beautiful camps out there beautiful camps. Interviewer: #1 Was that area # 662: #2 Just go to relax. # Interviewer: Was that area hurt much when the the floods last year. By Lafourche and 662: No it doesn't get hurt from the floods it gets hurt from the hurricanes. I mean a whole island can get covered you know in no time at all when the hurricane's getting ready to hit. Interviewer: How come the the oil rigs stood up to the hurricanes or did they? 662: Oh yeah but an oil rig can withstand hurricane force plus more it really has to be a real bad storm to knock down a rig. Interviewer: So 662: Cause they usually keep a skeleton crew out there on the rig anyway during a hurricane. Interviewer: What do you mean a skeleton crew? 662: Just a few men Interviewer: {X} 662: I wouldn't either it's scary Interviewer: What about something that you hear making a noise around the lake at night? A little animal sort of thing hops around 662: A frog Interviewer: uh huh What do you call the big ones? 662: A bull frog Interviewer: mm-hmm And those little ones that come out after rain? 662: The little toad frogs the little rain frogs Interviewer: uh huh The toad frog stays on land doesn't he? 662: As far as I know Interviewer: uh huh What about um a hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell? 662: A snail no? Interviewer: No you know something that maybe like this and it can pull its neck and legs. 662: Oh a turtle Interviewer: uh huh Where do they stay? 662: Everywhere anywhere they want. Interviewer: Land or water? 662: Land and water Interviewer: uh huh What about the kind any special name for the kind that just stays in water or just stays in land or something? 662: Uh This is like a quiz because as far as I know it the kind that stays out in the deep water is called a sea turtle and the kind that just stays in the land like the desert is called a tortoise. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a cooter? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: A gopher? And this is something that um when people eat it around here its got 662: Crabs crawfish Interviewer: mm-kay And say if you wanted to go fishing what would you dig up to go fishing with? 662: Worms Interviewer: Any special kinds or? 662: Red wigglers Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a little fish you can use for bait? 662: Shiners Interviewer: And say if um if you left a light on out on the porch an insect would fly around the light and try to fly into it that would be a? 662: Moth Interviewer: mm-kay And talking about several of those You'd talk about several? 662: Moths Interviewer: And what about the insect that has a light in its tail? 662: A firefly Interviewer: mm-kay any other name? 662: Lightning bug Interviewer: mm-kay And kind of a a kind of an insect that will bite you and make you itch? 662: {NW} There's plenty like that mosquito Interviewer: mm-kay What about an insect that's got it's about this size its got big wings on it shiny wings its got a long sort of beak it's supposed to eat mosquitoes? 662: Oh a mosquito hawk Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for them? 662: Dragonfly Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear snake doctor or snake feeder 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And a little tiny um red insect that would get on you if you went blackberry picking? 662: Red ant I mean red bugs Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for them? 662: Just red bugs down here Interviewer: What about a kind of insect that hops around in the grass? 662: Cricket, grasshopper Interviewer: Mm-kay did you ever hear them called hopper grass? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And um the kind of insect that will sting you? What different? 662: A spider will sting you Interviewer: uh huh What do you call the the thing that a spider builds across a bush? 662: Web Interviewer: huh? 662: Spider web Interviewer: uh huh What about something similar to that up in the corner or ceiling of some place? 662: Cobweb Interviewer: mm-kay Would you ever call it a cobweb if it's outside? 662: No {NW} Interviewer: Would the spider have built the cobweb inside though? 662: Inside yeah Interviewer: And the kind of insect that flies around and that stings? You have bees and what else? 662: Hmm wasps Interviewer: You talk about several of those you talk about several? 662: Wasps Interviewer: mm-kay 662: {NW} Interviewer: What about um what else besides the wasps? 662: Yellow jackets hornets Interviewer: Where do yellow jackets build their nests? 662: I really don't know cause some of them they call dirt daubers and I don't know the difference between the dirt daubers and the the kind that bite and the kind doesn't bite. You know? Interviewer: What about um you know the parts of the tree {NW} that grow under the ground those are called? 662: Roots Interviewer: Did you ever hear of people using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 662: I've heard of it yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember what any of the roots were? 662: Uh no Interviewer: What about um what different kinds of trees grow around here? 662: Cyprus Oak pine citrus {D: free da} trees different kinds mandarins grapefruit oranges uh cedar mimosa all that I can think of right now so. Interviewer: What about a kind of tree thats got long white limbs and white scaly bark that you can peel off got little knobs of balls on it? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of syc- sycam- did you ever hear of sycamore? 662: I've heard of a sycamore tree but I wouldn't know what it looks like I couldn't identify one. Interviewer: What about the the kind of tree that George Washington cut down? 662: Cherry tree Interviewer: And the state tree from Louisiana? 662: Cyprus Interviewer: What about the state tree in Mississippi? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Well you know it's a real common tree I thought it was the state tree of Louisiana but its got um big white flowers. 662: Oh a magnolia Interviewer: uh huh 662: Really the state tree of Louisiana is the cypress the the flower is the magnolia but the state tree is the cypress. Interviewer: mm-kay 662: {NW} Interviewer: Any other name for the magnolia tree? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear of cowcumber or cucumber? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about um the kind of tree that they tap for syrup? 662: Maple tree Interviewer: mm-kay If you had a big group of those growing together you'd call that a? 662: I don't know grow Interviewer: mm-kay and this is a kind of a a shrub or bush the leaves turn bright red in the fall its got clusters of berries on it? 662: Holly? Interviewer: Or the leaves turn red though. 662: Oh the leaves no I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of sumac or shoe-make? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: What about a kind of a flowering bush called rhododendron or spoon wood or mountain laurel you ever heard of those? 662: I've heard of them but I'm not a I'm not too much of a horticulturist I don't know too much about ah greenery and shrubs and I've heard of it you know. Interviewer: Which which ones have you heard of? 662: I've heard of rhododendron that's supposed to be a houseplant I believe {NW} pause in this houseplant I've heard of laurel but I don't know what um Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: it looks like. Interviewer: What um 662: {NW} Interviewer: different kinds of of berries grow around here? 662: Oh the black berry Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: and the dew berry which is almost the same thing but it's bigger I believe. {NW} Berries and then you have your holly berries your holly bushes. {NW} Interviewer: What about a a berry? 662: Strawberries Interviewer: uh huh I don't know if this grows around here but it's some of them are red some are red and black its got a rough surface to it. You ever hear it starts with an r? Ras- 662: raspberry Interviewer: uh huh Does that grow here? 662: Not that I know of {NW} Interviewer: What kinds of um bushes or vines would make your skin break out if you touched them? 662: Poison Ivy Interviewer: Anything else? 662: Poison oak {NW} Interviewer: uh huh How can you recognize them? 662: Poisons sumac my little girl is allergic to poison ivy and I I don't know well the poison ivy has the little a I think the three the cluster of three leaves. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And the the runner you know the stem like it has a fuzzy appearance. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the other thing you mentioned poison? 662: Poison oak and poison sumac but I don't know what it looks like. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: But I know my little girl is allergic to poison ivy. Interviewer: And um say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask? 662: You mean her partner? Her husband Interviewer: uh huh Any joking way she'd refer to him? 662: {NW} My better half Interviewer: mm-kay And what would he say he'd say I have to ask? 662: My old lady {NW} Interviewer: Or 662: My better half it all depends on how he feels about her. Interviewer: But what what just what other just common way 662: I have to ask my husband I have to ask my wife Interviewer: uh huh And a woman who has lost her husband she's called a? 662: Widow Interviewer: What if her husband just left her then she'd be a? 662: {NW} In a bad shape {C: laughter} Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression grass widow? 662: Yeah I've heard the expression Interviewer: What's that? 662: A grass widow I guess that's what it means. Interviewer: {X} 662: No no Interviewer: And the man whose child you are he's your? 662: The man that's my father Interviewer: mm-kay and his wife is your? 662: My mother Interviewer: And together they're your? 662: Parents Interviewer: How did what did uh what did you call your father or what do children call their father now? 662: Daddy you mean the Interviewer: uh huh 662: common name daddy Interviewer: Is that what you called your father? 662: That's what I called my father daddy. Interviewer: What about um before that an old fashioned do people do people in say your mothers' generation do they use the word daddy? 662: Yeah Interviewer: What about your mother what did you call her? 662: Mama Interviewer: And your fathers' father would be your? 662: Down here they say grandpa or grandma Interviewer: And something on wheels that you could put a baby in and it will lie down? 662: Carriage Interviewer: mm-kay And you put the baby in the carriage and then you go out and what the baby? 662: Stroll Interviewer: And say you had two children you might say you have a son and a? 662: Daughter Interviewer: And if a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father has and the same shaped nose you say that he? #1 What? # 662: #2 Resembles his father # Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? 662: Looks like his father. Interviewer: What if he has the same mannerisms and behaviors? 662: He's a carbon copy Interviewer: mm-kay And you say Bob is five inches taller this year you say in one year Bob? 662: Grew Interviewer: mm-kay and you say he certainly have? 662: Grown Interviewer: Mm-kay and if a child is misbehaving you tell them if you do that again you're gonna get a? 662: Whipping Interviewer: Anything else? 662: Punishment {NW} Interviewer: Uh huh and {NW} say if a if a woman was gonna have a child you say that she's? 662: Pregnant Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? 662: I I just say she's pregnant if she's gonna have a child. Interviewer: Uh huh when you were young did people use that word pregnant much? 662: Uh huh Interviewer: It it never sounded embarrassing to? 662: It was with I think the younger you are the the more you know when I was young I would get embarrassed until I reached a certain age. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Now my children think nothing of saying he's a queer he's pregnant I mean she's pregnant or he's gay you know and my my eight year old daughter will say oh he looks queer and when I was twelve I still didn't know what that mean you know that would be mean but kids now a days are so open but of course you watch television and that #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 hmm # 662: that's it or go to a show that's rated PG and you wish you wouldn't have sent them you know? Interviewer: Did that word queer um did you did it always I guess you you mean it uh #1 means homosexual # 662: #2 homosexual # yeah Interviewer: Did did it always have that meaning? 662: It didn't no it didn't always have that meaning. Interviewer: What did it used to mean? 662: Queer me- meant odd Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: You know when something's queer. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: You meant that it was odd. Interviewer: Did people ever used to use it as a noun with that old meaning like to say he's a queer but just meaning he's odd? #1 Or would they just say # 662: #2 No # They wouldn't say a queer you mean {X} you mean not meaning the homosexual meaning? Interviewer: Yeah #1 Just meaning it is odd # 662: #2 no # Interviewer: #1 or something # 662: #2 yeah # Right They'd say he's queer Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: means he's you know in those days {C: laughing} you know {C: laughing} but now a days it's different. I mean as far as I was concerned until I got older. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: You know now a today anything goes. Interviewer: Um what about a a did you ever hear any joking ways of saying somebody's pregnant? Any sort of vulgar ways of saying it or? 662: I'm trying to think of a joking way to say that somebody's pregnant she got caught. Interviewer: Did you ever hear she's um swallowed a pumpkin seed? 662: Oh yeah she swallowed a watermelon seed or something like that. Interviewer: Uh huh and a long time ago if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you'd send for? 662: Midwife Interviewer: Mm-kay And a child that is born to a woman that's not married? The child would be called a? 662: Illegitimate Interviewer: Or a more 662: Bastard Bastard Interviewer: Mm-kay Any other names besides bastard? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear woods cult or grass cult or bush child or? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And your brothers' son would be your? 662: Nephew Interviewer: And a child thats lost both parents would be a? 662: Orphan Interviewer: And a person that who's supposed to look after the orphan would be his? 662: Ward Interviewer: Or his legal? 662: Guardian Interviewer: And 662: No the child would be the ward. Right? Interviewer: Yeah I think so yeah ward is the same 662: Yeah Interviewer: Um if you had a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my? 662: Relatives Interviewer: Or another name? 662: Kin Interviewer: Mm-kay And you say well she has the same family name and she looks like me but actually were no? 662: Relation Interviewer: And somebody comes into town and nobody's ever seen them before would be a? 662: Stranger Interviewer: And a woman who conducts school would be called a? 662: School teacher Interviewer: Mm-kay any special name for a woman school teacher? 662: No Interviewer: And are you familiar with the last name Cooper or {D: Couper}? 662: Am I familiar Interviewer: #1 with the last name? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # {X} Someone with that last name 662: Personally? Interviewer: Well have you 662: Have I ever heard it? Interviewer: Yeah would you say {D: Couper} or Cooper? 662: Cooper Interviewer: uh huh 662: Cooper Interviewer: What would you a married woman with that last name she'd be? 662: Mrs. Cooper {NW} Interviewer: And what relation would my mothers' sister be to me? 662: {NW} Your aunt Interviewer: Mm-kay And these are some names. The name of the mother of Jesus? 662: Mary Interviewer: And George Washington's wife? 662: Martha Interviewer: And do you remember this would be before your time I think but there is an old-fashion song going wait 'til the sunshine? 662: Nellie Interviewer: Mm-kay do you remember that song? 662: mm-hmm {NW} Interviewer: That's um what about what they call the male goat? 662: A male goat? {NW} A billy goat Interviewer: Mm-kay and the first book in the new testament in the Bible others are Mark Luke and John the first one is? 662: Matthew Interviewer: And the name of the wife of Abraham? 662: Mm I don't know.{C: laughing} Interviewer: Or a girls name that starts with an s? 662: The wife of Abraham? Interviewer: What are some common girls names starting with the letter s? 662: Common? Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Sharon Shirley Sherry Sharon Interviewer: #1 What about? # 662: #2 Sue # Interviewer: Well say Sally Sally is 662: #1 Sally # Interviewer: #2 is the nickname for? # 662: {D: Salomy} Interviewer: What did you ever hear would you say Sarah or Sarah? 662: #1 Sarah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Huh? 662: Sarah Sarah Day Interviewer: Mm-kay And say a child named Bill is full name would be? 662: William Interviewer: And if your father had a brother and you called him by that full name you'd call him? 662: Uncle Interviewer: Uncle what? 662: You lost me again. Interviewer: Talking about the name William you'd call him? 662: And you'd call him by his full name? Interviewer: Yeah you'd call him? 662: Uncle Bill {NW} I did have an uncle Bill a great uncle. Interviewer: What about um do you remember President Kennedy's first name? 662: His first name was John. Interviewer: Mm-kay and if your father had a brother by that name you'd call him? 662: Uncle John Interviewer: And say uh a carpenter that's not not very good at making things just sort of a part time carpenter he's not not too good you call him a? 662: Jackleg Interviewer: Mm-kay what does that word jackleg mean? 662: I don't know I don't know but that's that's a common expression I don't know if for carpenter for anything that anyone that can't do anything too good. #1 A jackleg # Interviewer: #2 uh huh # 662: he can make do and that's it Interviewer: Yeah 662: You know? Interviewer: Would you talk about a jackleg preacher? 662: No Interviewer: Oh 662: I've only heard of jackleg being used in reference to a a laborer Interviewer: hmm 662: sorts like you know #1 a carpenter or plumber or something like that. # Interviewer: #2 a carpenter # 662: #1 Right # Interviewer: #2 mechanic # 662: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Would the person be insulted though to be called a jackleg? 662: Yeah Interviewer: And the highest rank in the army? 662: General Interviewer: Mm-kay and beneath the general? 662: Colonel {NW} Interviewer: And the person in charge of the ship? 662: In charge of the ship? Would be the captain Interviewer: Did you ever hear that word captain used um maybe by black people to the men they worked for or anything like that? 662: Uh huh Interviewer: What would they say? 662: They would the captain Interviewer: Uh huh 662: Captain Interviewer: Who all would use that? 662: I think you know um because somebody is a boss I guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm And the person who presides over a court would be called a? 662: Judge Interviewer: And someone who goes to school? 662: Student Interviewer: And a person who works in the office and does the typing and so forth would be a? 662: Clerk Interviewer: Or takes care of the 662: Secretary Interviewer: Mm-kay And a man on the stage would be an actor a women would be a? 662: Actress Interviewer: And if you are born in the United States you'd say your nationality is? 662: American Interviewer: And {NW} what different terms are there for blacks? What do people use to? 662: Niggers Interviewer: uh huh 662: Jigaboos Interviewer: Is that just a joking term jigaboo? 662: Jigaboos niggers um spade Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Coon Interviewer: What about the um the real name though? 662: #1 What is the real name? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 662: A Negro Interviewer: Mm-kay um and how would you normally well you'd say were not were not black we're? 662: White Interviewer: Any other terms for white people? 662: Caucasian Interviewer: Mm-kay What about um a child that's born that one parent's white and the other parent's black? 662: {NW} Mixed breed you'd call them a high yellow. Interviewer: Mm-kay High yellow means light light skinned? 662: mm-hmm Mulatto Interviewer: And did you ever hear of {D:reject} 662: uh uh Interviewer: And um what about white people that that you sort of look down on their their poor but 662: White trash {NW} Interviewer: Um what do Negroes call white people like that? That they don't like. 662: Honkeys Interviewer: Uh huh Does that mean just any white person or? 662: Any white person I think. Interviewer: Any other terms for 662: Whitey Interviewer: uh huh And um someone who lives out in the country and he doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town per people can tell he's from way out in the country they call him a? 662: Hick Interviewer: Mm-kay 662: And over here a gee gee {NW} Interviewer: A what? 662: A gee gee Interviewer: What does that mean. A gee gee? 662: Yeah they the people used to say boy he's a gee gee. That's what they used to call them down here. Instead of a hick a gee gee was like a like what the French people used to say. He dresses like a gee gee. Interviewer: Huh I never heard of that. What different names are there for the French people down here? 662: Whatcha mean? Interviewer: #1 You mentioned the word # 662: #2 Cajun coonass # Interviewer: Is coonass a very insulting word? 662: Not to the coonasses it isn't {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: What other word besides coonass? 662: Cajun Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear of the word boogalee? 662: Boogalee yeah Interviewer: What does that mean? um someone mentioned it but I never 662: Well Interviewer: was clear 662: Uh I I'm not really sure on this but you know like a boog is a boy a young boy and a boogalee is a little girl. You know? A boog and boogalee a boy and a girl Interviewer: A boog is? 662: Boy Interviewer: In French? 662: Well I don't I don't know if because um I think I don't know what it is if it would be Creole or {D: mixturation} or whatever you would call it but you know I have heard them say boog and boogalee. Or yeah boog you know Interviewer: Boog a it 662: #1 It would mean boy # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 662: in in this down here I I think I'm not sure but I think that's what they call boog or boogalee Interviewer: And boogalee is a little girl? 662: Yeah That's the way I knew it you know. But I haven't heard that expression boogalee in a long time. Interviewer: Did you ever um the person that told me that said it just means the same as Cajun or coonass you know did you ever heard boogalee just to mean Cajun? 662: I don't think so not it I'm not sure You know it's been a long time since I've heard that expression. Interviewer: What um what about the terms cracker or redneck or? 662: Redneck Interviewer: Uh huh 662: That means a Mississippian {D: A stump jumper too} Interviewer: What other terms like that have you heard from people from different areas? 662: Well down here they call us a swamp stomper. Interviewer: #1 Swamp stomper? # 662: #2 Stomper # Interviewer: #1 # 662: #2 # Interviewer: #1 Just people who live # 662: #2 Webb feet # Interviewer: uh huh 662: They call us web feet too. Interviewer: {NW} 662: And um Interviewer: Are those insulting words? 662: No Interviewer: Or just just joking 662: Joking yeah you know I don't know what you'd call a Yankee somebody up north. Interviewer: mm-hmm Say um if you were at a party you might say well, you might look at your watch and say um say if it is around 11:30 or so you'd say well we better be getting home it's what midnight it's? 662: Almost Interviewer: Mm-kay and say if you were walking on some icy ground you'd say this ice is pretty hard to walk on I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I I like I like to 662: I like to have fallen Interviewer: Mm-kay And if someone's waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere he calls out and ask if you'll be ready soon you'd say I'll be with you in? 662: A minute Interviewer: Or just? 662: In just a minute Interviewer: Mm-kay And this part of my head is called my? 662: Forehead Interviewer: And this is my? 662: Hair Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a? 662: Beard Interviewer: And this is my? 662: Ear Interviewer: Which one? 662: {NW} Your left ear Interviewer: And this is my? 662: Right ear Interviewer: And? 662: Lips Interviewer: Or the whole thing? 662: Mouth Interviewer: And this is the? 662: Neck Interviewer: And this? 662: Throat Interviewer: What about the part that um that you swallow down or breathe down? 662: Your thr- mouth your throat Interviewer: Did you ever hear of goozle? 662: Oh yeah his goozle pipe. Interviewer: Wait what's the goozle pipe? 662: The esophagus I guess Interviewer: It's what you swallow down. 662: Yeah Interviewer: And these are my? 662: Teeth Interviewer: And this is one? 662: Tooth Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth? 662: Gums Interviewer: And this is one? 662: Hand Interviewer: Two? 662: Hands Interviewer: And this is the? 662: Palm Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called the pan? 662: A what? Interviewer: The pan of your hand 662: uh uh Interviewer: And this is one? 662: Fist Interviewer: Two? 662: Fists Interviewer: And this is my? 662: Leg Interviewer: And this sensitive bone here? 662: Shin Interviewer: And say if I get down like this you say I? 662: Squatting stooping Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear the expression down on your hunkers or your haunches 662: uh uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear a name for this back part of your thigh? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And a place where the bones come together that's called? 662: Joints Interviewer: And this is one? 662: Foot Interviewer: And I have two? 662: Feet Interviewer: And on a man this part of his body is his? 662: Chest Interviewer: And these are the? 662: Shoulders Interviewer: And say if someone had been sick for awhile you'd say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit? 662: Peaked Interviewer: Mm-kay and someone who is in in good shape you say he's big and? 662: Healthy Interviewer: Mm-kay any or if he can lift heavy weights you say he's? 662: Fit Interviewer: He's not weak he's? 662: Strong Interviewer: Uh huh What about someone who is getting a little but over weight but he's still strong? 662: Pudgy Interviewer: Mm-kay did you ever say stout or husky or? 662: Yeah husky to me is more muscular than anything else. Interviewer: What about stout? 662: Stout would be fat. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would he still be strong or? 662: He wouldn't be healthy Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: He could still be strong but he wouldn't be as healthy Interviewer: uh huh and someone um who is easy to get along with doesn't lose their temper is always smiling you say that that person is? 662: Easy going good humored Interviewer: Mm-kay And someone like a teenaged boy who seems to be just all arms and legs? 662: Lanky Interviewer: Mm-kay Or who is always stumbling and dropping things? 662: Clumsy Interviewer: And if a person keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you say he's just a plain? 662: Weirdo {NW} Interviewer: Or he he just doesn't seem to have any sense at all. 662: Nuts Crazy Interviewer: Uh huh would you ever call him a fool? 662: No Interviewer: Would would you ever 662: a fool is someone who had a joke played on them Interviewer: Uh huh so just like 662: Or someone that would a a fool you know would he's a fool like you know like he is doing something out of better judgment but he is capable of doing better you know he is acting like a fool right now or in other words someone is making a fool out of him. Interviewer: mm-hmm is it do you ever hesitate to use the word fool I mean does it sound sort of 662: #1 No no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 662: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about someone who has plenty of money but he never spends a cent? You'd call him a? 662: Miser Interviewer: What other terms do people have? 662: Tight Interviewer: uh huh did you ever hear of tight wad or 662: Tight wad mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear the word {D:dago news} to mean a miser? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear that word at all? 662: Oh yeah Interviewer: To mean? 662: A dago means an Italian Interviewer: Uh huh someone recently told me the word and used it to mean a miser I was just wondering. 662: I've never heard it used as a miser. {NW} Interviewer: And when you say that a person is common what does that mean? 662: He doesn't stand out. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: He's common he doesn't have any outstanding characteristics or you know Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you sort of look down on them then? 662: No Interviewer: But would he be insulted if you called him common? 662: I don't know it all depends on the person. Interviewer: mm-hmm what if you said a girl was very common what would that mean? 662: A girl very common I imagine would be referred to as a plain Jane. If a girl would be common Interviewer: It would be just appearance or something? 662: Yeah I think it all depends on which way that you are using it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever use it a would it ever be complimentary to say that a person is common or girl is common? 662: I guess you could it all depends on ah on the you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: which way you using it. Interviewer: What about an old person maybe up in their eighties that still gets around real well doesn't show it's age you'd say that for his age he's still mighty what? 662: Peppy Interviewer: Mm-kay and say if your children were out later than usual you say well I don't guess there is anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little? 662: Worried about them Interviewer: Or a little 662: Concerned Interviewer: uh huh you say you wouldn't feel easy you'd say you felt? 662: I don't know what you are trying to say feel at ease Interviewer: uh huh and you might say well they'll be home alright just don't? 662: Worry Interviewer: And a child might say I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark I'm 662: Afraid Interviewer: Mm-kay and you say well I don't see why she's afraid now she? 662: Never used to be Interviewer: Mm-kay and would would you say she didn't used to be or usen't to be or 662: No {NW} Interviewer: Mm-kay and somebody who leaves a lot of money on the table and goes outside and doesn't even bother to lock the door you'd say he's mighty what with his money? 662: Foolish Interviewer: Or he just leaves it laying around he's to? 662: Trusting Interviewer: Mm-kay or he doesn't he doesn't watch over it like he should he just he just leaves it scattered around you say that he's awfully? 662: Careless Interviewer: Mm-kay and a person that you can't argue with they they're going to do things their way and they won't listen to. 662: Hardheaded Interviewer: huh 662: Hardheaded Interviewer: Mm-kay any other terms? 662: Stubborn Interviewer: And somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper someone who is just super sensitive you'd say that he's? 662: Over sensitive Interviewer: Or any other terms? 662: Touchy Interviewer: Mm-kay and what about fretful did you ever say that? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And you'd say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so? 662: Upset Interviewer: Mm-kay or all the sudden he got really? 662: Upset {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Um did you ever say head up or owie or mad 662: Angry mad Interviewer: Mm-kay and you'd someone was about to lose their temper you'd might tell them to just keep? 662: Your cool Interviewer: Mm-kay or another way of saying that just keep? 662: Calm Interviewer: And if you had been working very hard you'd say you were very? 662: Tired Interviewer: Mm-kay any other ways of saying that? 662: Pooped Interviewer: Mm-kay or you'd say I'm just completely ? 662: Dragged out Interviewer: Mm-kay or using the expression wear out you say I'm just completely? 662: Worn Interviewer: Huh? 662: I'm just completely worn out Interviewer: Mm-kay and say if a person had been well and suddenly here they have some disease you might say well last time I saw them they were fine when was it that they? 662: got sick Interviewer: Mm-kay interviewer: And out in bad weather you came in and was sneezing and his eyes were running and everything you'd say that he? 662: Was catching a cold. interviewer: Or that had happened. You say yesterday he? 662: Caught a cold. interviewer: And if he if he couldn't talk right then you say he sounded? 662: Horse interviewer: Mm-kay and {C:Coughing}if you do that you have a? You go like that you call that a? 662: Oh a cough. interviewer: Mm-kay and if you got someone some medicine and went in and still saw the medicine there by their bed you say why haven't you? 662: Taken your medicine. interviewer: And the person might say I already? 662: Took it interviewer: Mm-kay and if you can't hear anything at all you say that you're? 662: Deaf interviewer: And say if a man had been out working out in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I? 662: Sweat interviewer: Mm-kay And a sore that comes to a head is called a? 662: A sore that comes to a head? interviewer: Uh huh yeah a little lump. 662: A boil interviewer: Mm-kay what if its got more than one head to it would you have a special name for it? 662: Not that I know of. interviewer: What about um when the boil opens the stuff that drains out? 662: Puss interviewer: And when a blister opens? 662: I'd just call that fluid. interviewer: Mm-kay and you say a bee stung me and my hand did what? 662: My hand got swollen. interviewer: Mm-kay you say right after um after the bee stung me my hand? 662: Begin to swell. interviewer: It or it it did what? 662: It swelled up. interviewer: Mm-kay and if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the? 662: Wound interviewer: And you know sometimes a a wound won't heal back right its got to be cut out of burned out? 662: Cauterized interviewer: Well did you ever hear it called some kind of flesh? 662: Proud flesh interviewer: Mm-hmm and if you get a little cut on your finger a medicine that stings that you can put on it? 662: Iodine interviewer: What about a a real bitter medicine that people used to have to take? 662: Quinine interviewer: Mm-kay and if someone was shot and didn't get any better you'd say? {C:Sneeze} Well the doctor did all he could but still the man? 662: Still the man still the man what remains ill? Is still sick? interviewer: Or if he didn't live you say he? 662: Died interviewer: Any nicer ways of saying somebody died? 662: Passed away interviewer: Mm-kay what about a a crude way of saying it? 662: Croaked interviewer: Mm-kay 662: Kicked the bucket interviewer: And you say he's been dead a week yet nobody's figured out yet what he died? 662: Of interviewer: And the place where people are buried? 662: Cemetery graveyard Mausoleum {C:Laughing} interviewer: The mausoleum is is the big? 662: That's the big granite buildings that they have. interviewer: Is that owned by a family or is it just? 662: Well each family buys a a spot you know a grave I mean you know a vault in other words. interviewer: #1 What about # 662: #2 They don't have mausoleums in # Atlanta interviewer: uh uh 662: Really? interviewer: Everything's just very you know in the south but I think the water level is so high here that they have to. 662: Well you know it's just an I guess it's been in the past maybe ten fifteen years that the mausoleums started getting popular around here. Maybe fifteen years ago it started. Now there's a lot of them. interviewer: mm-hmm what about the thing that that you put the body in? 662: Coffin interviewer: Uh huh and the ceremony at the cemetery is called a? 662: Burial rights interviewer: Mm-kay well you would say he was an important man everybody went to his? 662: Funeral interviewer: And if people are dressed in black you say that they are in? 662: Mourning interviewer: And say on an average sort of day if somebody asked you how you were feeling you'd say oh I'm? 662: Fine interviewer: And when you are getting old and your joints start hurting you say you've got? 662: Arthritis interviewer: Mm-kay any old fashioned name for that? 662: Rheumatism interviewer: And this is a disease that children used to get they'd get a really bad sore throat and they would choke up? 662: {C:Coughing} Diphtheria interviewer: Mm-kay and the disease where your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 662: Jaundice interviewer: And when you have a pain down here? 662: Appendicitis interviewer: Mm-kay any old fashioned name for that? 662: No interviewer: And if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up you'd say he had to? 662: Vomit interviewer: Any other ways of saying that? 662: Puke Throw up interviewer: Which sounds how how do those sound to you which sound? 662: They're all repulsive {C: laughing} I always use vomit myself. interviewer: Does throw up sound prude or? 662: No really throw up sounds better because there is something vulgar about vomit and puke but I always use vomit you know. interviewer: Puke sounds the worst. 662: Yeah I think so {C:Laughing} interviewer: Say if a person vomited you'd say he was sick where? 662: Of the stomach interviewer: Mm-kay and say um you say that's the book that you what me for Christmas? That you 662: Gave interviewer: Mm-kay you say you have 662: Given interviewer: Mm-kay and say if a if a boy kept on going over to the same girls house and spending a lot of time with her you'd say that he was? 662: Courting her interviewer: Mm-kay 662: #1 Going # interviewer: #2 and # 662: steady I got to go to the bathroom. interviewer: He was courting her then he would be called her? 662: Boyfriend interviewer: And she would be his? 662: Girlfriend interviewer: And if a boy came home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say that he had been? 662: Kissing her interviewer: Mm-kay any old fashioned named for kissing? 662: Smooching interviewer: Mm-kay {C:Coughing} and when the girl stops letting the boy come over to see her you'd say she? 662: Broke up with him. interviewer: mm-kay and you say he asked her to marry him but she? 662: Refused interviewer: Any other ways of saying that? 662: Turned him down. interviewer: mm-kay and they were engaged and all the sudden she? 662: Broke up interviewer: mm-kay 662: Broke off interviewer: But if she didn't say if he asked her to marry him and she didn't turn him down you say they went ahead and got? 662: Married interviewer: Any joking ways of saying marriage? 662: Hitched interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear jump? 662: #1 Uh uh # interviewer: #2 Jumped the broomstick? # And at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is the? 662: Best man interviewer: And the woman that stands up with the bride? 662: Matron or maid of honor. interviewer: mm-kay and do you remember a long time ago if people were getting married other people in the community would come by and make a lot of noise and? 662: mm-mm interviewer: Did you ever hear of a shivaree or {X} 662: mm-mm I've never heard of that interviewer: It is sort of a celebration they used to have real noisy. 662: I've never heard of that interviewer: Say if um if last um if you were in New Orleans last week you'd say last week I went? 662: To New Orleans interviewer: Would you ever say down or up or over? 662: Yeah interviewer: What would you say? 662: Well {NW} it all depends on which way I'm going. interviewer: which 662: you know interviewer: which way 662: Like a a popular uh example is people that live below {D: Lafourche} they always it's always referred to as they live down the bayou. interviewer: Uh huh 662: You know or y'all come on over. interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What about # 662: #2 Or he's going across town. # interviewer: mm-hmm where where would you say up? Ha how would you say? 662: Up north interviewer: Uh huh 662: Or come up to my house you know something like that. interviewer: And say if there was trouble at a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one of two of them they arrested the? 662: Whole bunch interviewer: And any other words besides bunch you'd use? 662: The whole gang. interviewer: mm-kay and if children get out of school at four oh clock you say at four oh clock school? 662: Lets out interviewer: And after vacation children would ask when does school? 662: Start again {C:Coughing} interviewer: And if a chlid left home to go to school and did not show up in school that day you'd say she did what? 662: Played hooky interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into the? 662: First grade interviewer: Any old name for first grade? 662: No interviewer: And you say years ago children sat on benches at school but now they sit at? 662: Desks interviewer: mm-kay and each child has his own? 662: Desk interviewer: And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the? 662: Library interviewer: And to mail a package? 662: Post office interviewer: And you'd stay overnight at a strange town at a? 662: Hotel or motel hotel interviewer: mm-hmm and you see a play of a movie at a? 662: Theater interviewer: And if you had to have an operation you'd go to the? 662: Hospital interviewer: And the woman that would look after you? 662: A nurse interviewer: And you catch a train at the? 662: Depot interviewer: Any other name for that? 662: Station interviewer: The rail the what station? 662: Railroad station interviewer: And say two streets cross like say they cross like this and you are at one corner here and you want to get over to this corner instead of walking like this you walk this way you say you are walking? 662: You jaywalking interviewer: {D: Did you ever hear you walking cattywampus or kitty-corner or annie} {X} 662: I've heard the expression catty corner interviewer: What does that mean? 662: Well it's when something won't fit like you you have a a piece of furniture or something and it fits across and not flush it's catty corner. interviewer: mm-hmm what what do you mean like it's? 662: Catty-corner you know in other words you still like have a tri- you have a triangular space left in the back of it. interviewer: Uh huh 662: You going across the corner #1 but I have never heard of # interviewer: #2 {X} # 662: catty corner used for people who jaywalk. interviewer: mm-hmm say if um what they used to have before they had buses in town the thing that would run on tracks and? 662: Street car, Trolley interviewer: mm-kay is that the same thing? 662: Well ah no yeah a street car runs on tracks train runs on tracks. Trolley interviewer: Are a street car and a trolley the same thing? 662: Yeah interviewer: And you tell the bus driver this next corner is where I? 662: Get off interviewer: mm-kay and say if you were a post master you'd be working for the federal? 662: Government interviewer: And the police in town are supposed to maintain? 662: Law and order interviewer: And the fight between the north and the south was called the? 662: Civil War interviewer: Any old fashioned names for that? 662: War between the states. interviewer: mm-kay and before they had the electric chair murderers were? 662: Hung interviewer: mm-kay you say that man went out and what himself? 662: Hung himself. interviewer: And you say um horses gallop but people? 662: Walk interviewer: Or go faster than walk? 662: Run interviewer: mm-kay you say he was feeling so good that he? 662: Ran interviewer: Huh? 662: Ran interviewer: mm-kay you say he has? 662: Run interviewer: mm-kay and um you say I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it? 662: Started to rain. {C:Laughing} interviewer: And you'd ask somebody what time does the movie? 662: Start interviewer: Or another word for that? 662: Begin interviewer: mm-kay you say it must've already? 662: Begun interviewer: And ten minutes ago it? 662: Began interviewer: And the biggest city in the country is in? 662: New York interviewer: Okay and Baltimore is in? 662: Baltimore is in Maryland. {NW} interviewer: mm-kay and Richmond's the capital of? 662: Virginia interviewer: And Tulsa is in? 662: Oklahoma interviewer: And Boston? 662: Massachusetts interviewer: And the states form Maine to Connecticut are called the? 662: New England states. interviewer: And what are some what are the states in the south? 662: The southern states interviewer: And what what are some of the states? 662: Um Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee Little Rock I mean Arkansas {C:Laughing} interviewer: What what about above Arkansas? 662: That would be the middle interviewer: Of what state is that? 662: That's Missouri. interviewer: Uh huh what about the the bigger city is Missouri? 662: Saint Louis interviewer: What about the state just above Tennessee? 662: Just above Tennessee is ah Kentucky I believe. interviewer: mm-kay and um what are some of the um cities in Tennessee? 662: Chattanooga Nashville Memphis {NW} interviewer: And in east Tennessee? 662: I don't know. interviewer: In the mountains? 662: Lookout mountain Tennessee. #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 Did you ever hear # Knox Knox 662: Knoxville interviewer: Uh huh 662: Yeah interviewer: And the biggest city in Maryland? 662: I guess the biggest city in Maryland is Baltimore. interviewer: And the capital of the United States? 662: Washington D.C. interviewer: And the big city in Illinois? 662: Chicago interviewer: And city in South Carolina? 662: Raleigh I believe Raleigh? interviewer: Or 662: is in North Carolina. interviewer: North that's North Carolina. 662: North Carolina South Carolina. interviewer: The old sea port that that old southern town? 662: I don't know interviewer: Char 662: Oh Charleston interviewer: Uh huh 662: {C:Laughing} interviewer: What are some of the cities in Alabama? 662: In Alabama? {NW} Mobile interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Montgomery interviewer: The big steel making city? Starts with a B 662: Birmingham interviewer: And the city up in the mountains of North Carolina? 662: Was that Raleigh? interviewer: It's 662: Durham interviewer: Near there did you ever hear ash? Asheville 662: Uh Uh interviewer: And what are some of the cities in Georgia? 662: Georgia? Atlanta Georgia Columbus Georgia I'm not too familiar with Georgia. I know Columbus. interviewer: What about the city right in the middle of Georgia? It starts with an M? 662: {X} interviewer: Ma- 662: Macon Georgia interviewer: Uh huh and the uh sea port in Georgia? Starts with a S. 662: Savannah {C:Laughing} interviewer: And the biggest city in Kentucky? 662: In Kentucky? Oh brother interviewer: Where they have the the Derby. 662: Yeah where? I don't know interviewer: Starts with a L. 662: Louisville Kentucky interviewer: And the biggest city in Southern Ohio? 662: Akron interviewer: Or another one 662: Cincinnati interviewer: And the biggest cities in Louisiana? 662: Baton Rouge New Orleans Shreveport, Monroe {C:Laughing} interviewer: And you say Belfast is in? 662: Ireland interviewer: And Paris? 662: France interviewer: And Moscow? 662: Moscow {C: laughing} Russia interviewer: And say if um someone asked you to go with them someplace and you're not sure you want to you'd say I don't know what I wanna go or not? 662: I don't know if I want to go or not. interviewer: mm-kay and if you want somebody to go with you, you say well I won't go? 662: Unless you come interviewer: And you say I had a choice of two things and I was going to do this but I decided to do that? 662: Instead interviewer: And one of the largest protestant denominations in the south? 662: Baptist interviewer: And if two people become members to the church you say they? They what the church? 662: Joined interviewer: And you go to church to pray to? 662: God interviewer: And the preacher preaches the? 662: Sermon interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the? 662: The choir and the organs provide the music. interviewer: mm-kay and the enemy of God is called the? 662: Devil interviewer: What other names for him? 662: You mean like Satan? interviewer: Uh huh 662: Lucifer interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come and get them if they didn't behave? 662: What say that again now. interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get them if they didn't behave? 662: The devil interviewer: Uh huh did you ever hear him called the the dragon or 662: mm-mm interviewer: boogeyman? 662: Oh the boogeyman. interviewer: Is that the same? 662: The boogeyman down here wouldn't be considered the Devil though. interviewer: #1 What what # 662: #2 The booger man is just # a monster of some kind you know? interviewer: What do people think they see around a graveyard at night? To frighten them. 662: A vision interviewer: Or or just around the graveyard or? 662: Wait now say that again. interviewer: What do people think that they see around the graveyard at night? 662: Ghosts interviewer: mm-kay and a house that people are scared to go in? 662: Haunted house. interviewer: Do you ever hear any stories about haunted houses being around here? 662: mm-hmm interviewer: Where where are they? 662: Um in New Orleans they had one. They were shown on television last week that was the second in the series of haunted houses in New Orleans. And then down here the people used to talk about the fifolets. {C: French} Anybody ever tell you about the fifolets? {C: French} interviewer: What's that? 662: Well that was supposed to be death warnings that the older people used. Now my mother still believes in this. interviewer: They call this the fif-? 662: Fifolets {C: French} And uh I mean a lot of people still believe in it and uh it was like what they call omens or death warnings like um furniture would move or ah. Now this happened to my mother before somebody died I can't recall who it was the um they had candlesticks on the mantelpiece you know and the candlesticks would get up and move and float around and ah. When my daddy was working in Thibodaux at the water plant they he had doors that would open up there and the next day the man that was his coworker that would come on the next shift had died. And then a nun that taught me in high school said that she had gotten all packed she didn't even have any trip planned and everything but she don't know why she had her clothes packed then she received word that her parents died her mother died. And um just different things like that you know a lot of the old people can tell you about fifolets {C: French} down here you know and death warnings. It wasn't just the screech owls there was other things that would happen chairs would rock and stuff like that they'd hear noises. {C: telephone ringing} Hello? interviewer: What is Did y'all have a celebration? 662: mm-mm no cause they took off and went fishing. {C: Laughter} She brought him some biscuits at work. interviewer: How was the confirmation? 662: {NS} Fine it went along real good. It was brief. No my sister my sister-in-law the one that called me from home awhile ago knows how nervous I am when I get in closed places you know and usually when I go to church I have to sit way to the back. Cause I can get so high on oxygen I'll hyperventilate, boy. Huh Get all shook up you know when I have people all around me. So she wanted to know how I made out I told her fine. She was worried. Cause I don't know if I could make it. interviewer: How many people were confirmed last night? 662: I don't know I I guess about um eighty. interviewer: Gosh 662: I imagine close to eighty kids were confirmed last night. interviewer: They're they're confirmed when they're fourteen years old? 662: In the eighth grade eighth grade catechism. interviewer: I didn't have any idea it would be that many. 662: Oh yeah well like I said it's predominantly Catholic down here anyway you know. And that's small comparing to the the way it is in Thibodaux. In the big church at Saint Joseph. interviewer: Do they have a cathedral in Thibodaux? 662: It it's not a cathedral but it is a beautiful church it's worth looking at. That alter is spectacular. And that dome on the top is beautiful. interviewer: The newest cathedral would be the one in New Orleans? 662: Saint Louis cathedral yeah. interviewer: Was that that the one in the quarter? 662: Yeah right but Saint Joseph's has a beautiful church it's on the boulevard right there in Thibodaux. interviewer: Do y'all go to midnight mass on Christmas Day? 662: On oh it's been years since I've gone to midnight mass uh that's too rough. {C:Laughter} Once I get beyond a certain uh point if I stay awake then I can't go to sleep after that. interviewer: Yeah 662: That's why when we go to a movie I like to go to the early movie so I am back home early. interviewer: Y'all have to come back and then put out Christmas for the kids? 662: Oh how many times do I have to put part A to part B and read the instructions over and over and over again. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 662: #2 Mm # interviewer: Did you ever hear anything about voodoo or hoodoo? 662: Yeah voodoo yeah interviewer: Did you ever hear of it being practiced around here? 662: I think it is uh but you know it it's not common but it's still practiced down here. interviewer: Do you know what sort of things they do or anything like that? 662: Uh not really not really. interviewer: Did you ever hear of grigri? 662: Grigri yeah somebody's gonna put a grigri on you. interviewer: Does that mean just put a spell on you? 662: Yeah or something you want something to happen to somebody or something like that. Or you don't want something to go right for somebody you know. Say I'll put a grigri on you. interviewer: Say if um you might tell someone you better um put a sweater on it's getting? 662: Chilly interviewer: mm-kay and you say well I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd what stay here? I'd 662: Rather interviewer: mm-kay and you throw a ball and you ask somebody to? 662: Catch it interviewer: mm-kay and I threw the ball and he? 662: Caught it interviewer: And you say I've been fishing but I haven't? 662: Caught anything interviewer: mm-kay and you say um with your eyes you? 662: See interviewer: And you say I what through outside? 662: Saw interviewer: And say a a friend of yours that um you hadn't been around for a long time when you saw them what how would you express your feelings? You'd say I'm? 662: So happy to see you. interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say proud to see you? 662: Uh uh interviewer: You ever hear that around here? 662: Uh uh interviewer: And say someone owned about five hundred acres of land you'd say that would be? How much land that be a? What of land? 662: A large track of land. interviewer: mm-hmm would you ever say it would be a right smart of land? 662: Uh uh I've never heard that. interviewer: And you say it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was? 662: Cold interviewer: Or 662: Very cold interviewer: Or 662: Damn cold {C: Laughing} interviewer: And 662: We're very colorful down here maybe offensive to some people but we curse a lot. interviewer: What's a thing of like say if a man got mad and hit his thumb hammering or something what sorta of things would he say? 662: Ah he'd curse plenty. interviewer: What sort of curses? What what sort of expressions do people use? 662: Down here? interviewer: Uh-huh 662: he'd say god damn son of a bitch that's that's what he'd say automatically. {NW} Very common interviewer: What sorta of things like if you were sort of disgusted with yourself just peeved with yourself or something what what explanation would you use? What what would you probably say if you just got so disgusted with something you've done? 662: What exclamation I'd use? interviewer: Yeah I mean what 662: {C: Laughter} I know what I'd say it would be profane again you know. interviewer: What would you say? 662: I'd say oh shit! You know {C: Laughter} interviewer: What about if um what would someone say if they were excited about something? I mean they just 662: He's all hyped up about something. interviewer: Or I mean what exclamation would would they say if they say some. 662: Oh Lord you mean something like that? interviewer: Uh huh 662: That's it I guess. He'd say oh Lord you know. interviewer: mm-kay and say if someone says something kind of shocking and you sort of resented them saying it you might say well they're very? {X} 662: Nerve interviewer: Or the very i-? The very what of you saying that? The very 662: The very idea of you saying that. interviewer: mm-kay and when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask them then? 662: How do you do? interviewer: Or would you if you're 662: #1 asking # interviewer: #2 Good # 662: morning interviewer: Yeah #1 You're asking # 662: #2 You would ask them a question? # interviewer: Yeah if you are asking them about their health. You'd say? 662: How do you feel? interviewer: mm-kay what about when you are introduced to a stranger? 662: How do you do? interviewer: mm-kay and on December twenty-fifth you tell somebody? 662: It's Jesus's birthday, Christmas. interviewer: mm-kay what greeting? 662: Merry Christmas interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear any other greetings at Christmas? 662: Merry Christmas Happy Holidays interviewer: Did you ever hear people say Christmas gift? 662: Christmas gift? interviewer: Uh huh 662: Uh uh interviewer: As a greeting? 662: Uh uh interviewer: What about on the first of January? 662: Happy New Year interviewer: mm-kay and you say that would be a hard mountain to? 662: Climb interviewer: But last year my neighbor? 662: Climbed it interviewer: But I have never? 662: Climbed it interviewer: And you say I have to go downtown to do some? What? 662: Shopping interviewer: mm-kay and say if you bought something you'd say? The store keeper took out a piece of paper and what it up? 662: Folded it interviewer: Or the purchase he? 662: Wrapped it up. interviewer: mm-kay then when I got home I? 662: Opened it. interviewer: Or he wrapped it and then I? 662: Unwrapped it interviewer: And if you had to sell something for two dollars that you paid three dollars for you'd be selling it? 662: At a loss interviewer: mm-kay and say if you liked something but don't have enough money for it you say well I like it but it what too much? 662: Costs too much {NW} interviewer: And when it's time to pay your bill you say your bill is? 662: Due interviewer: And if you belong to a club you have to pay your? 662: Dues interviewer: And if you don't have any money you could go to the bank and? 662: Borrow interviewer: And you say in the thirties money was? 662: Scarce interviewer: And you know some places if if you buy something or pay your bills some store keepers will give you a little extra? 662: lagniappe {C: French} interviewer: mm-kay do they still do that or? 662: Um not too much anymore. interviewer: Did it was it common when you were young? 662: Well say like this little store right here if you go pay your bills she'll give you a few packs of gum for the kids and stuff like that you know. interviewer: Just sort of valueless 662: It's little small independent stores. I mean you know the big chain stores have taken over everything but the little independent grocery stores and stuff like that or the old established furniture stores if you bought a sofa you got a free lamp they will give you a lamp you know or something like that. interviewer: So it's just still common in some of the small 662: Yeah interviewer: places? 662: Right interviewer: And you say a child ran down the spring board and what into the water? 662: Dove interviewer: mm-kay you say several children have? 662: Several children have dove into the water dived. interviewer: mm-kay and you say that I was too scared to? 662: To dive interviewer: And if you dive and hit the water flat you call that a? 662: Belly bust interviewer: mm-kay and you say he what across? 662: Swam interviewer: mm-kay say several children have? 662: Swam interviewer: mm-kay and you say um children like to? 662: Swim interviewer: And if you don't know how to swim and you get in the water you might? 662: Drown interviewer: And you say yesterday he? 662: Drowned interviewer: And I wasn't there so I didn't see him he had? 662: Drowned interviewer: And say a child puts her head on the ground and then turns a what? 662: Say that again. interviewer: Say a child puts her head on the ground and turns a? 662: Tumble set interviewer: mm-kay and what does a baby do before it can walk? 662: Crawl interviewer: And you say she walked up to the alter and she what down? 662: Knelt down interviewer: And if you were tired you might say I think I'll go? 662: Lie down interviewer: And you say he was really sick he couldn't even sit up all morning he what in bed he? 662: {C: Laughter} Stayed in bed. interviewer: mm-kay you say he laid in bed? 662: #1 Laid # interviewer: #2 yeah # 662: yeah interviewer: Huh? 662: Laid laid in bed. interviewer: mm-kay and talking about things you see in your sleep you say this is what I? 662: Dream interviewer: And often when I go to sleep I? 662: Dream interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I? 662: Dream Dreamt {C: Laughing} interviewer: Okay and you say I dreamed I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I? 662: Woke up interviewer: mm-kay and to get something to move away from you? 662: Push interviewer: And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you? 662: Stomp interviewer: And say if you see a friend of yours um leaving the party or something on foot you might say may I what you home? 662: Drive you interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say carry you home or take you home? 662: Take you home yeah. interviewer: mm-kay 662: #1 Give you # interviewer: #2 and # 662: a lift. interviewer: You tell a child that stove it hot so? 662: Don't touch interviewer: And if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go? 662: Get me a hammer. interviewer: And say if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say you picked it up and? 662: Carried it interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides carried it? 662: No interviewer: Did you ever say you lugged it or packed it or toted it? 662: Uh uh interviewer: Did you ever hear any of those? 662: Yeah not often though. interviewer: What what would some people around here say? 662: I carried it down here the people would say I carried it you know. When you lug something you you're not carrying it you just about dragging it you know it would be something heavy. interviewer: Uh huh would you ever say you packed something or toted it? #1 Did you ever hear # 662: #2 In # reference to carry? interviewer: mm-hmm 662: uh uh interviewer: And a game that children play where one child would be it and the other children will hide? 662: Tag hide-and-seek interviewer: mm-kay what do you call the trees that you can touch and be safe? 662: Home interviewer: mm-kay and in football you run towards the? 662: Goal post interviewer: mm-kay and say if you were about to punish a child he might ask you not to punish him just give me one more? 662: Chance interviewer: And say if we were planning to meet some place I might say well if I get there first I'll wait? 662: For you interviewer: And say if someone always catches on to a joke you say he's got a good sense of? He always sees the funny side in things. 662: Oh a good sense of humor. interviewer: And {NW} you say he didn't actually know what was going on but he what he knew it all? He 662: Thought interviewer: Or meaning he pretended he knew it all you'd say he? You say he acted as if he knew it all or? 662: Yeah interviewer: made out like he 662: Yeah he acted as if he knew it all. interviewer: mm-kay and say a child left a pencil on a desk and came back and didn't find it there you'd say I bet somebody? 662: Stole interviewer: mm-kay and say something there was something bad that you expected to happen like someone was walking along the top of a fence and you expected them to fall off and hurt themself and then someone comes in and says they have fallen off you'd say well I just what that was going to happen? 662: I just knew it was gonna happen. interviewer: mm-kay and something that a child plays with you'd call a? 662: Toy interviewer: Would you ever call it a play {D:frottie}? And say if um if I ask you when are y'all going to Miami you'd say well right now we're what to go next week? We're 662: Planning interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say we're aiming to go or we're fixing to go? 662: {NW} Very seldom. interviewer: What? 662: Oh fixing yeah I'm fixing to do this. You know not aiming though. interviewer: mm-hmm does fixing mean in the future or does it mean immediate? 662: It could mean both as far as I've I'm concerned. interviewer: Would you say we're fixing to do this a week from now? 662: It means you're gonna you're going to do it. interviewer: mm-hmm 662: You know interviewer: But would you use it to mean in the oh say a week from now? 662: Yeah interviewer: And say if a child has learned something new like maybe she learned to whistle her parents might ask who? 662: taught you how to whistle? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say who learned you? 662: Uh uh {C:Laughing} interviewer: And if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party you'd go out in the yard and if you have a lot of things growing out there. 662: Cut some flowers. interviewer: mm-kay or you didn't say you cut them you say you? 662: Picked them interviewer: mm-kay and a child that is always running and telling on the other children 662: Tattle tale interviewer: mm-kay did you ever use that word to talk about a grownup? 662: No that's a gossip {C:Cough} interviewer: What about the word pimp? Did you ever hear the word pimp meaning a tattle tale? 662: No I've heard it used for other things. interviewer: What did you hear it for? 662: Solicit for a prostitute. interviewer: Do you ever hear it as say to call a a pet child do you ever hear it like your favorite child you know you're pet? 662: The pet yeah. interviewer: You ever hear it called the pimp? 662: Uh uh interviewer: And say if you had a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go what somebody else? 662: Ask interviewer: So you say so then I? 662: Asked interviewer: mm-kay and you say you've already? 662: Asked interviewer: mm-kay and you say I have just what him a letter? 662: Written interviewer: mm-kay yesterday he? 662: Wrote interviewer: And tomorrow I'll? 662: Write interviewer: And you say I wrote him as time I was getting a? 662: Wait I can't my mind wandered again. interviewer: I wrote him and I expect to get a? 662: Reply interviewer: mm-kay or if you ask a question? 662: You get an answer. interviewer: And you put the letter in the envelope and you take out your pen and you? 662: Address it interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear uh old fashion way of saying that? 662: mm-mm interviewer: Did you ever hear of back the letter? 662: mm-mm interviewer: And you say well I was gonna write him but I didn't know his? 662: Address interviewer: And um say you can't get through there cause the highway departments got their machines in and the road's all? 662: Blocked interviewer: Or talking about tearing it up you say the road is all? 662: Torn up interviewer: And you give someone a bracelet you want to see how it looks on her so you say why don't you? 662: Try it on. interviewer: Or the opposite of take it off is? 662: Put it on. interviewer: And say if I asked you how long you lived here in this area you'd say I've? What lived here I've? 662: I've lived here all my life interviewer: Or I've al-? 662: I've always lived here. interviewer: mm-kay or you say he moved here in 1960 and he's lived here ever? 662: Since interviewer: And you say that wasn't an accident he did that? 662: On purpose interviewer: And you say those little boys get mad and what each other? 662: Oh hit interviewer: Or 662: Fight interviewer: mm-kay and you say ever since they were small they have? 662: Always fought interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say she what him with a big knife? 662: Stabbed interviewer: And say a a teacher goes into a classroom and finds a picture on the blackboard she might ask who? 662: Who drew this? interviewer: mm-kay and if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you could use pulley blocks and a rope to? 662: Lift it interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say to hoist it? 662: Hoist yeah I was about to say that. interviewer: Huh? 662: I was about to say hoist. interviewer: mm-kay and now can you start counting slowly? 662: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen interviewer: And the number after nineteen? 662: Twenty interviewer: And after twenty-six? 662: Twenty-seven interviewer: And twenty-nine? 662: Thirty interviewer: Thirty-nine? 662: Forty interviewer: Sixty-nine? 662: Seventy interviewer: Ninety-nine? 662: One hundred interviewer: Nine hundred ninety nine? 662: One thousand interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand? 662: {C:laughing} Ten times one hundred thousand I don't interviewer: #1 It's one? # 662: #2 know # Million interviewer: mm-kay say if you have a line of people the person at the head of the line would be the? 662: Leader interviewer: Or the what man? The? There's eleven people in line the last man is the eleventh man. 662: He's the tail end. interviewer: Uh huh 662: I don't getcha. He's at the head. interviewer: Uh huh he's not the eleventh he's the? 662: Oh he's the first. interviewer: Okay who's behind the first? 662: The second. interviewer: Okay keep going. 662: Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh interviewer: And you say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all? 662: At one time. interviewer: Or all at? At what? 662: All the time. All at one time. I don't know. interviewer: Well you could say at one time or you could say all at? 662: I don't know. interviewer: And if you said something um more than one time you'd be saying it? 662: Twice interviewer: And would you name the months of the year? 662: January February March April May June July August September October November December interviewer: And the days of the week? {NW} 662: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday interviewer: And what does Sabbath mean? 662: That's Sunday the day of rest. {NW} interviewer: And if you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as the greeting? 662: Good morning interviewer: And how long does morning last? 662: Til noon interviewer: And then you have? 662: Afternoon the noon afternoon yeah. interviewer: mm-kay um then how long does afternoon last? 662: Til six interviewer: And then you'd have? 662: Evening interviewer: And how long does that last? 662: I don't know I've always wondered. {C: laughter} I guess 'til eight. {C:Laughing} interviewer: Until it gets dark or? 662: I don't know I. interviewer: {C:Laughing} 662: Night {C:Laughing} night would be darkness I guess. interviewer: Uh huh say if um if you were leaving somebody around eleven oh clock in the day would you would you say anything as you were leaving them? Would you have an expression you know? 662: At eleven oh clock? interviewer: mm-hmm 662: No interviewer: Do you ever say good day to people? 662: No I always say see you later. interviewer: mm-kay and what about if you are leaving somebody's house after dark? You'd tell them? 662: Good night interviewer: And you say we had to get up and start work before? #1 Before the sun was shining? # 662: #2 sun # rise interviewer: mm-kay and we worked until? 662: Dusk interviewer: Or until s-? 662: Sunset interviewer: mm-kay and you say this morning I saw the sun? 662: Rise interviewer: And at six oh clock the sun? 662: Sets interviewer: Or at six oh clock this morning the sun? 662: Rose oh man I'm I'm getting so lost now. {NW} Okay go ahead interviewer: You'd say when I got outside the sun had already? 662: Risen interviewer: And say if someone came on a Sunday not last Sunday but a week earlier than that you say he came here? 662: Sunday before last. interviewer: And what about if he's gonna leave not next Sunday but a week beyond that? 662: Sunday after next. interviewer: Okay would you ever say Sunday week or Sunday week? 662: Uh uh interviewer: And you say today is Saturday so Friday was? 662: Yesterday interviewer: And Sunday is? 662: Tomorrow interviewer: And if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about? How long? 662: Two weeks interviewer: Okay do you ever call that a fort night? 662: Uh uh interviewer: And if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody? 662: What time is it? interviewer: And if it was midway between seven oh clock and 8 oh clock you'd say that it's? 662: Seven thirty interviewer: Or another way of saying that? 662: Half past seven. interviewer: And if it was fifteen minutes later than seven thirty you'd say that it's? 662: Quarter to eight. interviewer: And if you had been doing something for a long time you'd say I've been doing that for quite a? 662: While interviewer: And you say 1973 was last year 1974 is? 662: This year interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly? 662: A year ago. interviewer: And the child's just had his third birthday you'd say he's? 662: Three years old. interviewer: And talking about um how tall um this you say this room's about how tall? 662: Eight feet tall interviewer: mm-kay and talking about the weather you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black? 662: Clouds interviewer: And on a day that the sun is shinning and there aren't any clouds you'd say that's a? What kind of day? 662: A beautiful day a sunny day. interviewer: mm-kay what about a day that's the sun isn't shinning? 662: Dreary interviewer: mm-kay and say if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you think it is gonna rain or something in a little while you say the weather is? 662: Getting bad interviewer: Uh huh would you ever say it's turning or threatening or breaking or gathering? 662: mm-mm interviewer: And if the clouds were um leaving and the sun was coming out you say it looks like it is going to? 662: Clear up interviewer: And you say it was so cold last night that the lake? 662: Froze interviewer: mm-kay what if it just froze around the edges you'd say it? 662: Froze around the edges {C:laughing} interviewer: Do you ever say it {D:skimmed} over 662: I've never heard that. interviewer: You say it is so cold that the pipes did what? 662: Froze interviewer: And 662: The pipes the pipes frozen and how did the pipes busted that's what we say the pipes busted last night. interviewer: #1 You say I was gonna do something # 662: #2 Instead of saying burst. # interviewer: Uh huh I was gonna do something about them but the pipes had already? 662: Busted interviewer: Cause the water had? 662: Frozen interviewer: And if it gets any colder the pipes will? 662: Freeze up interviewer: And 662: Bust interviewer: And if it is cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you say last night we had a? 662: Frost interviewer: What about something harder than a frost? 662: Hard freeze interviewer: mm-kay and a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down? 662: I don't know. A sudden shower. interviewer: mm-kay what if it's if it's just harder than than a shower though? 662: Thunder storm interviewer: mm-kay does that have thunder and lightening in it? 662: mm-hmm interviewer: What about um when it's just 662: No thunder no lightening just a down pour? interviewer: mm-kay 662: {C:Laughing} interviewer: And what about something um is a shower very hard or does it last long or what? 662: A shower doesn't last long it's a passing thing. interviewer: What about something that just sort of lasts all day? 662: An all day rain. interviewer: mm-kay what about something finer than a shower? 662: Drizzle interviewer: mm-kay what's a drizzle like? 662: Light drops interviewer: Do you ever talk about sprinkle? 662: A drizzle and a sprinkle is the same thing. interviewer: mm-hmm what about drops so fine you can hardly see them? 662: Mist interviewer: mm-kay and you say all night long the wind? 662: Blew {C:Coughing} interviewer: It was bad last night but in years past it has? 662: Blown interviewer: mm-kay um you say it started to rain and the wind began to? 662: Blow interviewer: If the wind is from this direction you say that it's? 662: From the north. interviewer: And the wind half way between south and west? 662: Southwest interviewer: mm-kay and between south and east? 662: Southeast interviewer: And east and north? 662: Northeast interviewer: And west and north? 662: Northwest interviewer: And if the winds had been gentle and were gradually getting stronger you'd say it was? 662: Picking up interviewer: mm-kay what if it had been strong and is getting weaker? 662: Dying down {C:Cough} interviewer: And um if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say your having a? 662: Drought interviewer: And um if you get up in the morning and can't see across the road you call that a? 662: Fog interviewer: And a day like that? Would be a? 662: Foggy day interviewer: mm-kay Interviewer: I don't even need to plug it in it works fine on battery so that's fine um where did I leave my well darn I must have carried it back outside 678: Dean seventeen year old {D: Sheriff} and and and uh Joe lived in this house with us for a good while Interviewer: {D: Dean Shannon} sure did aw well Joe I told you that Joe was uh is my mother's minister #1 There # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: And Marshall she just really likes it there um okay now I'll just start off with uh just asking you some questions well sort of about you and okay let me get your full name 678: Henry {B} Interviewer: Alright 678: And I have a nickname of Bert Interviewer: Bert 678: Mm-hmm That's what I go by Interviewer: Okay is it B E R T or 678: B E Interviewer: B E okay and then even though I know your last name uh 678: {X} Interviewer: There are a lot of questions I know but I need to have on tape too you know even though of course I know where about you okay let me get your address here 678: {X} {B} Interviewer: Okay and {B} {B} And the county 678: Craighead Interviewer: And the state 678: Arkansas Zip code Seven two four one one Interviewer: Okay and where were you born 678: {D: Bradley} Arkansas Interviewer: And do you mind asking your age 678: Ask for anything you want Interviewer: #1 okay # 678: #2 to # Interviewer: Your age 678: Sixty-eight Interviewer: Sixty-eight 678: {X} Interviewer: You're pulling my leg 678: No Sixty-eight Interviewer: I'm not sure I believe 678: Give me time I'll make it Interviewer: I'm not sure that I believe you that you're sixty-eight I think that you're adding a few years in there 678: #1 No I'm sixty-eight # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I didn't think you when I saw you I didn't think you were the right one because I thought didn't think you were sixty yet and the person has to be at least fifty and I thought you could I thought uh okay your occupation 678: Well I'm retired from an Regular work but I am mayor Of uh city of Bay Interviewer: Okay and your church 678: Methodist Interviewer: Uh now before before you retired what were you doing what work did you do 678: I was in uh {NW} Furniture {NS} Finishing department Interviewer: Oh and that was uh and that company was the company you were talking about 678: {NS} I re- I worked twenty-eight years for the Singer company Interviewer: For the Singer Company yeah 678: And uh that's is uh Singer we maybe sh- should put it to Singer sewing Machine company and Then I went to Memphis And worked three years {NS} After I left Singer For the Davis company Interviewer: Now other than that three years in Memphis have you always lived here 678: No I lived uh Ten years in Truman {X} Nineteen forty-eight to nineteen fifty-eight Interviewer: {X} 678: But I headed uh {D industry} that I was up here every day same I want to move for convenience sake Interviewer: Uh-huh is Truman what county is Trumann in 678: Poinsett Interviewer: Oh yeah yeah 678: Town of about six thousand people Just six miles down the road here Interviewer: And that was from nineteen forty-eight to nineteen fifty-eight 678: Yeah Interviewer: Uh now where did you go to school 678: {X} {X} {NW} Bay Bay and Brown it was co- Consolidated school Bay Brown Interviewer: Bay Brown 678: Where it listed Interviewer: Okay and so uh the last grade that you completed was 678: Eighth Took some special work in the ninth that a teacher graciously gave me but I didn't get credits for it Fact I Decided to get married soon after that Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Age eighteen Interviewer: Well now that school was it a uh people came from all around 678: Not at that time we'd have said Bay Brown {NW} Later Later when they consolidated it was known as Bay Brown then they finally dropped the Brown Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm well were the classes very large like when you were 678: Oh yes Yes I first started at a school here in Bay Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NS} Quite crowded it was There'd be as many as thirty or forty Kids to the class Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh And when I moved out to Brown my dad bought a farm out there and We only had two rooms {NW} So we had the eight grades in in the two rooms Interviewer: In the two rooms 678: In the two rooms Interviewer: Oh 678: And possibly Oh there was at least a hundred attended the school At least that many you know through the eight grades Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Quite crowded Interviewer: Mm-hmm and so they would have just they'd have all those grades and just in two rooms 678: Two rooms they had a division in the {NS} The building and they they what was called a primary teacher she had the first four grades and the Professor had the next four Interviewer: Oh and that's the you had the one you called a primary teacher and then the one called the the professor 678: Yeah Interviewer: Oh I never heard that that's really interesting that that distinction there um now have you have you traveled much 678: Well not a great deal I {NW} Uh Since retiring I've I've traveled uh Quite a bit Around northeast Arkansas Interviewer: Okay 678: With the insurance company Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But most of my traveling was with the baseball club as a A guest of the Interviewer: Oh 678: Baseball club Interviewer: Oh where all did you go that way 678: I went to uh Los Angeles Cincinnati Interviewer: Oh 678: Chicago Pittsburgh Interviewer: Hmm 678: And uh Uh Saint Louis of course That's where Wally played Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: To begin with Interviewer: To begin with oh he started off with the cardinals then he went to the dodgers 678: And he attended college down at Texas A and M and I was down there a considerable And I've had relatives in uh Uh what was four is it Carolinas and uh Interviewer: Oh you have you've been 678: Uh-huh Over in the far east Interviewer: That far east 678: I've been uh Well through the southeastern states all except Florida Interviewer: Oh you've been through 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: All the diff- 678: Yeah and I've been to Well Quite extensively in Texas and Louisiana Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Oklahoma had relatives in Oklahoma {NW} Have relatives in Northwest Missouri that's I'm going to a reunion up there next Saturday Interviewer: Oh that's right yeah uh-huh that's what you said 678: And uh Then uh {NW} Been to I've been to Chicago on business uh {NS} ventures for the Singer company too Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And South Bend Indiana So I've gone around a little bit Interviewer: Yeah you have and I so you've been through what you said the southeastern states what are the states you consider the southeastern states 678: Well the southeastern states Is uh {NS} Louisiana Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Mississippi Alabama Georgia And Florida Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh that's considered the southeastern Interviewer: #1 And you've said # 678: #2 States and # Interviewer: #1 You've been to all those except # 678: #2 Yeah # Except Florida Interviewer: #1 What is # 678: #2 My # Son has a baseball school down there but I just don't ever get down there I'm going this Interviewer: #1 Really # 678: #2 This # New Year's #1 I'm going down there # Interviewer: #2 Oh # What about do you think of Tennessee and Kentucky as southeastern states 678: No uh well I break them down as in football conferences Interviewer: I see 678: And uh Tennessee is uh Yes Tennessee is is in the southeastern #1 Conference so # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: We'll add that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I've been o- practically all over Tennessee my first wife had uh relatives All over west and middle Tennessee And uh And I've been in Kentucky and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: At the Churchill Downs at uh Interviewer: Oh at uh 678: {D: Braced races} Interviewer: What city is that in 678: Louisville Interviewer: Oh yeah the yeah yeah oh you have been around 678: Yeah and most of it Paid for {D: decided to go along} Interviewer: Yeah what so when you when you were um that track when you got to go on the baseball team you were their guest 678: That's right Interviewer: {X} 678: Had my Hotels paid for my lunches paid for Everything Couldn't beat it Interviewer: That's a great deal 678: Best ticket in the park you know Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 Yeah # I'd sit right up in one of the box seats Interviewer: Oh that's great mm that's great well now um when you were living in Truman now were you working for the Singer company #1 Then # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Yes Interviewer: And uh you were living in Truman for convenience sake #1 {X} # 678: #2 That's right # I moved there the Singer company Used to be what we call a mill town and they owned all the houses Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh we'd rent them Real cheap So they decided they would sell the houses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh They offered them to the employees Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the reason I say convenience is why it was pretty convenient to buy a house Five room house for fourteen hundred dollars Interviewer: Oh that's 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 very # 678: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 convenient aright # 678: {NW} And then sell it later for about seven thousand {NW} Interviewer: Oh that's pretty #1 convenient Mr. Moon # 678: #2 So that was that's # That's rather convenient I thought Interviewer: I think so too 678: We we had the limit of five years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So we had it fixed up pretty good and We liked the people down there and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we just stayed another five year and then my Dad and mother passed away and I came back and built a new home In Bay over on another street over here At their old home place Interviewer: Oh oh at their old home place 678: Their old home place Interviewer: Oh 678: I lost my wife and I {NW} I didn't want to stay there anymore so I Sold it That's when I got to Messing around with insurance Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 That was # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Between my hitch with Singer and between my hitch with Memphis Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Didn't really know what I wanted to do Interviewer: Mm-hmm That's when I did most of the traveling with the ball club 678: #1 Because I was # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Sort of unsettled #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Torn up and Once I settled down and decided to marry again why I wasn't didn't think I was old enough to retire and so Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Friend of mine asked me to come over and run a finishing department for him in Memphis Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So I did that until I hit sixty-five and Called it quits Interviewer: I promise you I would never have believed you could be sixty-eight years old 678: Well I feel Interviewer: I thought you were about fifty-eight 678: #1 I feel uh I feel good # Interviewer: #2 Honestly when you came before I thought you were the wrong # One 678: You know for get a little arthritis that bothers me once in a while but a lot of young people have that so Interviewer: #1 Yeah yes do you see this copper bracelet # 678: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh Interviewer: That's what it's 678: {NW} Well that's Interviewer: I have it 678: That'll give you problems Interviewer: You have such pretty eyes you have beautiful eyes 678: Well thank you But I I guess I'm fortunate I I can go fishing and Just outdo anyone I go with young or old So I feel pretty good Interviewer: Well that's great well um let me ask you about your parents about where they were born where was your mother born 678: My mother was born in uh {NS} Lowry City Missouri That's L O W R Y Lowry City Missouri Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Need to know the date of birth Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's yeah 678: Eighteen seventy-two Interviewer: Okay how about your father where was he 678: He was born in Johnson City Tennessee Interviewer: Oh 678: But he went to His mother moved to Lowry City Missouri when he was just a infant Interviewer: Oh I was gonna ask 678: {NW} #1 He was born eighteen # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Sixty-five Interviewer: #1 Oh eighteen sixty-five # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: So then then he they both grew up in Lowry City 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Well how how did they come to be living here 678: {NW} Well that's quite a story if you want it Interviewer: Oh yeah I'd love to hear that 678: Well they First I'll give you a little history on my Father When he was a teenager He had what the old-timers called consumption Little later got down tuberculosis {NW} So his daddy his grand-daddy was a wealthy Rancher up there in Northwest Missouri Interviewer: Oh 678: And he just bought a large herd of horses And sent my dad and another man up through the Montana and all the Indian territories Trading horses And just working their way west to see if the Air would uh Cure my My dad #1 That's what they # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Used to think you know {NW} He made all those rounds {NW} Took him about I believe he told me twenty-one months to make the tour A man that he went with did die with Tuberculosis In Springfield #1 Missouri # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: On their way back #1 And my dad # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Gained weight Gained weight and grew up to be a strong man and didn't have anything wrong with him except the asthma Interviewer: Really 678: So we got married They my dad and mom married in uh Eighteen ninety Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NW} He came down to this country to To be a tie inspector for his grandfather His grandfather Had what he called the old sage time lumber company Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And had holdings from Springfield to Memphis just a just a timber rights So my dad came down to Inspect cross ties And he found so much good hunting and fishing And fertile Land That uh He went back and talked my mom into the notion of moving down here So they traveled overland in eighteen and Late Eighteen and ninety-seven And drove twenty-two days from Lowry City Missouri to To Bay And there was only about a hundred acres cleared up here at the time Interviewer: Oh you don't mean 678: All timber All timber Interviewer: You mean there was only about a 678: {NW} About a hundred acres right right in this #1 Vicinity there was farms # Interviewer: #2 Eighteen ninety-seven # 678: Scattered out you know out Around Lunsford and those places but right here in this vicinity Only about a hundred acres of cleared land So he settled down here Worked in timber Uh Most of his life uh and farmed too Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Did quite well grew his family up here in Good style Made a made a comfortable living and Owned the third automobile that was bought in this town Interviewer: Oh really 678: Mm-hmm model T Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 Nineteen # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Nineteen fifteen When he bought his first automobile Interviewer: Hmm 678: So that's about up to date on my dad and mama they remained here until They died Interviewer: Uh-huh so eighteen they came here then 678: #1 Eighteen ninety-seven # Interviewer: #2 Eighteen ninety-seven # 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Well um uh now they both went to school up in Missouri 678: Up in Missouri Interviewer: Do you know how far they went in school 678: Yes my dad went through third grade and my mom went through fourth Interviewer: Uh 678: My dad's one of the smartest men I ever Ever talked to Great memory #1 Course # Interviewer: #2 Oh re- # 678: He He pursued his education through books and newspapers #1 And anything he could # Interviewer: #2 Yeah uh-huh # 678: Get to improve his education Interviewer: Well now he farmed and worked in timber #1 then and what did # 678: #2 That's right # Interviewer: Your mother do she 678: Just a housewife Interviewer: Uh-huh and now where were your mother's parents from do you know where they came 678: Lowry City Interviewer: #1 They were from Lowry City # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: And how about your father's grand your father's 678: My father's Uh {NW} Grandparents on his mother's side Originated And are still at Lowry City Missouri Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But His mother married And uh Her husband Uh Well he was ci- he While he was in the civil war she went over to Johnson City Interviewer: Oh 678: He got wounded She went to Johnson City and that's Why I'm I say my dad was born in Johnson City #1 Tennessee # Interviewer: #2 I see # 678: My grandmother went to Johnson City to Help nurse my Grandfather back to health And while there why My dad was born Interviewer: {X} Um is where's Mrs. Moon from 678: My present #1 Wife # Interviewer: #2 Yeah well # Yeah first 678: #1 Well the first # Interviewer: #2 First and # 678: Mrs. Moon was from West Tennessee Around uh Dyersburg Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Actually it was uh uh Friendship was the name of #1 the town # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Friendship But Dyersburg is county seat Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah uh and what about this Mrs. Moon 678: She's from uh Bona Interviewer: Bona {X} Now um in thinking about Bay as you've uh seen Bay over the years how would you say Bay has changed like from when you were a little boy growing up here and everything and uh how has it grown a lot does it how about the industry has it changed 678: Um {NW} Never Interviewer: And when you were little about what size was Bay 678: Bay was We always Claimed we had five hundred population Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It stayed that way for years and years and years One to die one would be born Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It's just the The Whole part of Bay here with a little bit across the track Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And uh {NW} It went Through A transition from uh All after World War One We had uh sort of a Semi-depression And we begin to lose Businesses Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh then during the depression uh Everything closed except Uh the ones that could Barely barely make it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: From that point we've never had as many stores as uh we used to have When I was a kid This town was incorporated in nineteen thirteen Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh we had the old wooden stores I can think off-hand of twelve or fourteen What we called pretty nice stores then Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh that many 678: We had one large Real large Brick building with a masonic hole up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Upstairs We had a nice Brick building uh the bank was housed in And then uh up Long about Sixteen seventeen somewhere along there there was another big brick store built This town was ravaged by far four different times Just #1 Almost # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Completely Wiped out from about nineteen and eighteen until about nineteen and thirty-two or three somewhere along there Four or five stores at a time would burn Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh I'd say that uh That's about the extent of the change until the Big farming tractors and everything is Trucks Bull automobiles Course transportation has uh Cut out the need for a lot of stores you can go to the other towns In five or ten #1 Minutes you know # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Yeah 678: #1 Jonesboro for instance # Interviewer: #2 Jonesboro # {X} 678: City limit's seven miles away and the heart of the city only eleven miles and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So automobiles Was one reason we didn't have any more stores built back Because you could go there and get What you wanted {NW} Probably cheap or cheaper And uh People just like to go to town anyhow you know Am I talking loud enough Interviewer: Oh yes mm-hmm it's fine it's great uh yes it's picking it up uh so most most of what this is mostly farming country around here 678: Yes Interviewer: Well what where are the uh main crops around here 678: Right now {NW} It's a Soy beans And cotton #1 Is the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Main crop Now they grow they grow uh {NW} Well there's some Feed growing around here I don't even know the name of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Being not being a farmer but Their principal crops {NW} Soy beans and cotton Right now And rice we get rye crowded Pretty close to the rice country we have rice Well about Four miles up the road here Interviewer: Oh 678: So You might say we have three Major crops here Interviewer: Uh can you remember the house that you lived in when you were a boy 678: Yes Interviewer: You remember much about it uh could you kind of draw me not a not the way the house looked but kind of a sketch of the rooms and show me the rooms what 678: I can I can #1 I can sketch you # Interviewer: #2 What the rooms were # 678: The one I lived in a four year old #1 Almost died there with a # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 678: Fever Interviewer: You did 678: Uh I tell you what {NW} {NS} I do if you want to I'll I'll give you Loan you a Copy of this that I have written up #1 For you to # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Take with you and Stud uh read Interviewer: #1 Okay # 678: #2 You can # You can return it to me Interviewer: Alright I'll give it back to I'll read it 678: And uh Interviewer: Uh overnight I'll give it back to you tomorrow 678: Yeah #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: Right back} # 678: {NS} This is {NS} one of the last ones that uh Page twenty-four can be inserted in there somewhere this I think this is in order here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And this will tell you Course some of this stuff won't interest you but it it did me and uh Interviewer: Oh this is great yeah I will uh and I'll give this I'll bring this back tomorrow when I #1 Come back tomorrow okay # 678: #2 That'd be fine # I'm gonna make copies for My relatives Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But the house I was born in was on uh Well the highway wasn't there then neither highway we didn't even have a #1 Highway of course # Interviewer: #2 Oh you didn't even have a highway # 678: I would say the On the railroad or just a Just a house Interviewer: Just the house 678: Just a house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Okay {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm that's what I want # 678: This was the one room here He used to build what I call block houses to block them out Interviewer: Block them out 678: And back here we had Three rooms Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Why they didn't come on out here I don't know but this is a room Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: This is a room And this is a this was the Living room Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We called them parlors back in those days Interviewer: Oh yeah you called those parlors 678: Can you read it Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah 678: {NW} And uh This was the this was uh Kitchen and dining room Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Altogether #1 There and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: These is bedrooms Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we had an old cellar set right out here a wooden cellar Interviewer: Oh 678: And this of course had the Usual porch Interviewer: Oh it did 678: Oh yeah all porch And there was a porch here and back about Right here And about uh {NS} A quarter of a mile out here There's woods Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I remember seeing a man named {B} Drive oxes Interviewer: {NS} You don't mean 678: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 it # 678: Driving ox we called him Jim {B} The ox driver Interviewer: You don't mean it 678: Where the old station is across town Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well that's about where he the woods begin and I can hear those old oxen {D: bellowing} {D: In the evening one day to} Smell the water Interviewer: #1 You don't mean it # 678: #2 {NW} # And I'd Stand out to watch them Come in when I was four year old Interviewer: #1 Good grief # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I can't believe that well did 678: I lived in a great period of time Interviewer: #1 You have you've seen # 678: #2 Really I I've # Interviewer: #1 You've seen all the # 678: #2 I've told someone that I lived from the # The day of the oxen until the day that they went to the moon And I don't believe you can beat that Interviewer: #1 I don't think you can either # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I can't believe you've seen with the oxen #1 I didn't know # 678: #2 That's right # Interviewer: That they uh were still doing that 678: Why my brother and I have even worked them You know just Interviewer: Have you 678: Just for the fun of it #1 We'd # Interviewer: #2 Did # 678: Makes us yokes #1 You know and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Get those bull calves and {NW} Hook them up Interviewer: What did they did they um did they have to use whips on them how did they 678: Oh yeah they {NW} They used whips {NW} What Interviewer: What could #1 Type of # 678: #2 They take the # Old oxens did you ever see an ox yoke Interviewer: I've seen pictures 678: Well they There's a big old wooden thing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That Hollowed out and fit across their neck and then they had a loop where you The U to hang it Come down and under their neck Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh there was holes in this thing come across their neck and {NW} And and it the U had holes in it and you could Lift it up or down to fit any size Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Ox And uh Put pegs in there to hold it And then there's just a Cord or a rope or chain whatever they use around in between them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Hooked on that old yoke It looks like really it was a brutal way to Do but that's the only way they could do them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But they didn't get sores or anything Interviewer: They didn't 678: And they'd work as many as eight you know two to Tea- Team would be Four teams eight oxens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they'd have a whip that'd reach The the front one I've seen them hop that thing it just sands the hair on them Interviewer: They have a whip that long 678: Yeah Yeah That and them guys use that whip just Har- hardest Interviewer: That is really something well they were uh they used them for plowing and everything 678: Oh yeah they plowed now I did I didn't see anyone plow with them around #1 Here # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: But they these were hauling Logs and #1 Hardwood called # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Blocks To make {D: handles} #1 From # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And whiskey stage #1 Whiskey barrel stage # Interviewer: #2 Oh oh yeah # 678: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Barrel stage oh that's mm 678: But uh I don't remember really seeing anyone plow with them Interviewer: Uh-huh but you saw you saw them using them for hauling 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Stuff # 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Um well now this house now it it's it was there like you this was kind of an L shaped sort of #1 thing # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: In a #1 Way yeah # 678: #2 Of an L # Interviewer: Now the the parlor would that be your special 678: That's where the guests would sleep Interviewer: Uh-huh Or where the girls entertained their boyfriend Uh-huh #1 And the living room # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Would be just the where you 678: Oh where we all Shot the bull #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Popped the corn #1 Then then # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Made the taffy candy you know #1 The molasses candy # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes # Oh 678: #1 That's where we'd # Interviewer: #2 Yes # 678: pull it you know it #1 You never did pull # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: #1 Any candy well we'd make # Interviewer: #2 Uh-uh # 678: Them my mom would make the candy and we'd get in the living room It was a great life really we had all our homegrown peanuts we'd put peanuts in our candy and we'd pop popcorn and Make popcorn balls from our sorghum you know #1 We grew ourself # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 678: We we really Good times to live in Interviewer: Well now um did your father farm with the land he farmed around close to your house or 678: Not {NW} Not when we lived there Interviewer: #1 Not when you # 678: #2 He was a # He was strictly in the timber #1 Business # Interviewer: #2 He was just in timber then # Well now did he farm later 678: Yes But #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You wasn't # Living there I mean you do remember farming when you were little 678: When I was five Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: The the year after I was four he bought a farm out Half a mile from town and Interviewer: I see 678: Then we started farming we children done most of the farming along with the hired labor Interviewer: I see 678: My dad was a man like I said he was a good manager and he managed to get out that fa- #1 Plowing see # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh he managed to 678: {NW} But Interviewer: He was that kind of #1 Manager # 678: #2 Well # He could make more money in timber #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: He he would buy timber and Have it logged off #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Naturally he had to have uh log teams Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or hired the log haulers and He furnished log teams of his own so we had to have feed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We grew more corn than we did cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And corn and hay Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh The farm was just sort of a side business Interviewer: #1 Side business # 678: #2 For him # #1 Good place to live we had # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: #1 Good orchards and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # 678: #1 Things like that # Interviewer: #2 Oh oh yeah # Well now would uh would a team a team would be two 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Horses or 678: #1 Mules # Interviewer: #2 Mules or # What 678: #1 Or one of each # Interviewer: #2 Mules # Or one okay that'd be a team um how like in a house like this how high were the ceilings in this house 678: Those houses were {NW} Ten foot ceilings Interviewer: Oh 678: Made out of Lumber most of it just lumber I can remember Very few houses when I was a small child that had weatherboarding on them Interviewer: Oh 678: In fact the house across here that I was born in was just an old Lumber Board house Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 And now # Interviewer: #2 {D: And now} # 678: Now those boards are still there with the weatherboarding is put all over them Interviewer: The weatherboarding's been put 678: #1 Put all over them # Interviewer: #2 All over that # 678: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: I'd say nine Oh twenty-four out of twenty-five houses in this town were originally built just out of lumber Interviewer: Just out of lumber 678: And later improved and weatherboarded Very few of them was weatherboarded to begin with Interviewer: Uh-huh well um how was the house heated 678: Pardon Interviewer: How was it heated 678: Wood Wood heat {NW} Cooked on wood Had one big old heater stove in the living room That was it the ones that wanted to get fancy might put one in the parlor for the girls to Interviewer: Oh they put a #1 Stove in there # 678: #2 Entertain their boy # Friend yeah But uh and we My dad would he had a stove in the parlor and Interviewer: Oh 678: And one in one of the bedrooms but that'd only be lit up when when it was needed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But the one in the living room why It never went out during cold weather he'd get up and Feed it wood during the night Interviewer: Oh 678: No one suffered you didn't You never Interviewer: You never remember being #1 Cold or # 678: #2 Never # Or you'd get out the old {D: Floor would pop you drove it} You'd run the stove and get warm and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Ready to eat {NW} Interviewer: That's great well now would um uh did people have did very many people have fireplaces in their homes 678: Not many around here uh And I really don't know why They a few of them built fireplaces out of uh Wood and limbs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh And a few had brick but Oh I would say possibly One house out of fifty in this town in this area had Interviewer: #1 Would have # 678: #2 Fireplace # Interviewer: Hmm 678: It was sort of a Fad Or a Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: A luxury in one way #1 Because # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Really they wouldn't heat like the old stove would #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Oh they didn't 678: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Heat as well # 678: Forty percent of your heat went up the flue you know Interviewer: Oh that's what #1 All that # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 When you # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Have a fireplace what that's what I was gonna in the next question I was gonna ask you what do you call the thing on the side of the house the smoke goes out of 678: That's the chimney Interviewer: And how about that open place on the front of the fireplace 678: Well that's where you received your heat from but So much of it went up the #1 Chimney # Interviewer: #2 Went up the chimney yeah # 678: And uh the old saying you know you'd uh You'd bake your shins and freeze your back Interviewer: {NW} 678: And then you'd turn around and you'd bake your back and freeze your shins Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh that's about where a fireplace It would It would put the heat Push some out in the other areas but mostly Those that sit around a fireplace they just sit in a semi-circle and there they had their card games and their Interviewer: Right around the #1 Fireplace # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # And lo- lots of them used them for lights to read by Interviewer: Oh yeah #1 The fireplace # 678: #2 Yes mm-hmm # Interviewer: Well now that you know sometimes if there was a maybe like a brick area in the front of the fireplace what would they call that or stone or something an area 678: Oh Not being familiar with them uh Interviewer: #1 Hearth # 678: #2 What is it a # Hearth #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 678: What I was trying to think #1 Of # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Hearth Interviewer: And do you know what they in the fireplace those metal things that you lay the wood across you know what those are called 678: Some call them andirons Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Yeah they there's another name for them but uh Interviewer: See if you ever heard of uh either fire dogs or dog iron 678: Yeah But we back then we knew them as andirons A-N-D Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Dash I-R #1 O-N-S # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And now that sort of a shelf up above the fire 678: Mantle Interviewer: And uh like a big piece of wood that might burn for several days 678: Backlog Interviewer: And um now if you were gonna start a fire in the stove or whatever the little pieces of wood you'd use 678: It'd be kindling or shavings Interviewer: Or shavings um now the black that forms inside of the stove 678: Soot Interviewer: And then now when you have to clean this I guess you have to clean your stoves out when you clean them out you had to clean out the 678: Ashes Uh The stove uh fireplaces you would have to burst down the soot that would accumulate on the sides Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But the stoves they'd they'd That didn't accumulate uh Soot It burned it all off Interviewer: Oh it burned it out 678: #1 It would get so hot # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: It'd burn it all up Interviewer: Oh 678: But you'd have to take the ashes out Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Why they'd build up Keep building up and building up until you would get no suction Interviewer: I see 678: Finally be able to talk and have no room for the wood but You learned about when to take them out #1 Know when to # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 678: Give it good suction I can remember taking the ashes out Stove wouldn't be going good wouldn't be heating Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Too well and You'd take the ashes out and then it'd take off Then You could just See the blaze Flash you up and hear it you know Interviewer: Uh-huh um 678: {NW} Interviewer: Well what would you have what would you have to sit on in your house 678: Well you mean around the living #1 Well now # Interviewer: #2 Yeah the living room # 678: Well let's take the kitchen {NW} We I can remember my mama had the cane bottom chairs #1 These these # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Were cane bottom at one time Interviewer: Oh these were 678: These were two chairs that I bought when I first married Interviewer: Oh really 678: So in nineteen twenty-six Interviewer: Oh 678: And before I quit working over at the Plant down in Memphis I took them over and Cleaned them up and refinished them took the old cane out and put these Cushions in Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But my mama would have cane bottom chairs and uh then Next to the wall there would be a long bench Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 Just an # Most everyone That had a large family in those days had a bench Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That's where the kids and the Roughnecks eat you know #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well now uh when did you first begin to use those long uh things long cushion things to sit on the uh 678: Sofas Or settees or Interviewer: Yeah that's what I what do they call them when they 678: Oh uh Interviewer: Would a sofa and a settee be the same thing or 678: No little little difference set a sofa had kind of a A r- Where you could recline kind of #1 On one end # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Uh-huh 678: And a settee was longer where it would seat Oh possibly three people or four But uh I was Probably The first one that I remember my mother Having I was ten year old Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: My dad bought her a She called it a sofa but later on I heard him call couches Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: See Cause she called it a sofa Interviewer: She called it a sofa 678: As far as our personal home that's a that's The first I remember but I remember seeing one in my grandmother's home with A few years before that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But no one was allowed to sit on it #1 It was in the # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Parlor #1 No no one was allowed to sit on it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Oh that's 678: You'd only Peep in there #1 You know and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 It was forbidden territory # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: Until uh The daughter's boyfriend would come along #1 And then they could sit in there but # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: The the kids they didn't go in there #1 Except a # Interviewer: #2 That's great # 678: Peep of the door having to be open Interviewer: Oh that's funny 678: {NW} Interviewer: Oh oh yeah in the bedroom a piece of furniture with drawers in it that you would put things in 678: Bed dresser Called them dressers I remember Just a few years ago I got rid of the dresser that my mother had when I was four year old Interviewer: Oh 678: Why I got rid of it I don't know Interviewer: Oh 678: But they didn't sit down like the chest of drawers they always had legs little Carved legs or something about Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Tall Interviewer: #1 They didn't # 678: #2 They # Interviewer: They were up higher #1 Than the dresser # 678: #2 Uh-huh # Had to sweep under them Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} Yeah that was the idea Interviewer: {NW} 678: And but the drawers were similar to the {NS} To the modern Chester drawers and and most And mostly prettier #1 They were more hand # Interviewer: #2 Oh they were # 678: There were a lot of hand carving put on them and And uh curved fronts and And actually it was prettier furniture than you see today unless you go into the real expensive #1 Furniture # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: I remember this particular dresser had some little brass knobs on it and My brother took a hammer and beat those #1 Knobs in # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: And then my mama took a switch and #1 Done done something to him # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: But those knobs remained on that thing until I got rid of that Old dresser about Oh Fifteen or twenty years ago I don't even remember Interviewer: Why 678: Why or #1 Who but # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: I let someone have it Interviewer: Now I bet you wish you still had 678: Oh yeah Had the Had the curved fronts you know out here real pretty #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # 678: Curved front and Curved doors real real good piece of furniture {NS} And I and I cut up her old organ and made some more furniture out of #1 It # Interviewer: #2 Oh you did # 678: What a tragedy Interviewer: You cut up her organ 678: She wanted me to wanted me to make her some {NS} She called it a sideboard wanted a sideboard Interviewer: #1 Sideboard # 678: #2 You know and I kept the # Mirror and really fixed her up some fancy furniture and then she let someone have that Later years Interviewer: Really 678: But this was a good organ perfectly good organ #1 Would be worth thousand # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Oh Three thousand dollars today Interviewer: How'd you learn to do furniture so well 678: Well you're going with it #1 Sorta # Interviewer: #2 You # Just #1 Talent # 678: #2 {NW} # #1 That's right it's a talent like a singer or # Interviewer: #2 Like a talent like a singer # Yes 678: You know If someone has a good voice and likes to sing they know it and they sing Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Like I always tried to and couldn't I done very well until later years and I You noticed I have a crackle and I sort of have some asthmatic problems and Can't sing anymore But Far as the woodworking my dad Done all of his woodworking on the the uh Well building a barn or whatever #1 We needed # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: To do Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And even do the blacksmithing Interviewer: Uh-huh oh 678: And as I went along why I like Uh some way I liked to work with wood and I can build anything I take a notion to build #1 No # Interviewer: #2 That # 678: Problem Interviewer: Oh and you just kind of just picked it up #1 Along # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Picked it up Interviewer: Well now um another piece of furniture that they used to have it would be like to hang your clothes in a big piece of furniture um 678: Wardrobe Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NW} #1 Wardrobe # Interviewer: #2 Wardrobe # 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah you remember seeing those 678: Yeah {D: Think} Uh there's a few right in this town there Oh some of them tall as that door rea- big old dark piece of furniture you know every one of them dark Interviewer: They're all dark 678: Yeah Interviewer: {X} 678: {NW} And Two doors Interviewer: Well now what was the reason that they used those did they 678: They really People hadn't got around the point where they knew the value of built in closets Interviewer: I #1 See # 678: #2 They were # I never {NS} Never lived in the house with my parents had had a built in clothes closet {NW} #1 We had a # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # 678: {NS} We got a little bit modern long about Nineteen Twenty And my mama had a Place built for her quilts Interviewer: Oh she #1 Did # 678: #2 To store her # Quilts in #1 The doors # Interviewer: #2 Stuff filled in # 678: Mm-hmm #1 Shelves # Interviewer: #2 Shelves # Uh-huh 678: But far as uh they just always cut a corner off with a Rod and put hangers in that and that's where you hung your clothes You just didn't have the variety of clothes you have now You'd have the man would have a suit he'd wear to church Possibly two suits but Never more than two And women didn't have all that many dresses Just didn't think they'd need them So you didn't need as much room but After I married And I don't know why I never did like to Hang my clothes and have to get under a Uh Cloth you know a curtain To get them And I just thought well that's That's the wrong way so I Over on the street Uh west of here where I Lived for a long period of time went back where I grew my family up I built Three closets in that house Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh tha- I must have that's in about nineteen and Thirty-four Interviewer: Oh that #1 Yeah # 678: #2 Yeah # And people began to put clothes now possibly in cities like Jonesboro maybe they started sooner {NW} But I know of old houses up there now Uh People that Live in those old houses and they tell me that uh They had to build closets Wasn't there one in it Twelve fourteen room houses not a closet in them until they #1 Later years they had them # Interviewer: #2 Twelve fourteen room houses # 678: #1 Yeah no closet # Interviewer: #2 And no closet # Huh 678: They'd keep their Clothes in In trunks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And chests And only get the ones out that they wore uh Course you You may have seen this happen But during the spring {NW} They'd get out all their clothes and hang them out and air them Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then they'd put them away in moth balls during the #1 Winter # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And the summer clothes the same way Interviewer: {X} 678: And uh They'd only get out the clothes if they was gonna wear it for the next two or three #1 Weeks see # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: {X} And they put the others in moth balls It was just a way of life it satisfied them and No big uh fuss done #1 Over it everyone # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Happy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they had all the clothes never all they want You know Interviewer: They have it all they needed 678: #1 All they needed # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um well what do you call the things that people would pull down to keep the light out over the windows 678: Curtain blinds Blinds Interviewer: Blinds we got the ending now would those be on rollers 678: Yeah Interviewer: They'd be on rollers th- they would uh 678: Yup it's ups and downs Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Oh and they made them real fancy #1 Up here # Interviewer: #2 Oh they did # 678: These parlors would have some real fancy wooden tassels hanging on to pull with #1 You know yeah # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah they'd make the the parlor room real fancy 678: Uh-huh {NW} And Later on course uh venetian blinds came along Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh I was foolish enough to buy some one time until I had to clean them Interviewer: {NW} 678: Then then I got rid #1 Of them # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # And then you got rid of them {NW} 678: But When they had these old blinds they also had pretty Pretty window curtains uh lots of lots of the homes People had heavy felt Interviewer: Oh 678: Curtains you know and a lot of them Would uh Close {NW} On hinges You'd you'd just turn this thing all the back #1 See on either side # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: And put the light in And then {X} night when you just close it seal it up {NS} It not only kept {NW} Peepers from coming by Which uh we never heard of then #1 But uh # Interviewer: #2 Never heard {X} # 678: Still you didn't want people looking in but it It uh helped keep the house warm some Interviewer: Oh sure 678: Those heavy curtains #1 That was # Interviewer: #2 Sure # 678: #1 Another reason for using them # Interviewer: #2 I didn't think about that # But that makes 678: They'd even blind those things Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Real heavy And they'd close them up why {NW} Cold wouldn't blow in the windows I lived in the house My dad after he sold the farm out from town here he bought a farm out in the Browns district and that's where I went to school #1 The last two years # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: He bought an old country home when we moved out there in January And it snowed in the house {NW} Two or three inches deep inside the windows They were so loose Snow would penetrate like sand Interviewer: I 678: It even froze my grandfather's ear to where it was #1 Purple and thick # Interviewer: #2 I don't believe that # 678: Thick Just Froze solid Interviewer: And you can remember that 678: Yeah I was prob- I was eleven year old when that happened {NW} But snow was banked up in these windows Course my dad got busy and made a beautiful farm home out of it #1 You know it took # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: Almost a year to do it and we built a Almost a mansion out there Three big barns and everything you know Interviewer: Three barns 678: Yeah three barns even had a Baseball diamond on our farm {X} Played baseball We did all that in five years we sold that of course at a big profit #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah oh # 678: But the when we moved into the house And to give you a little history That was in nineteen and January of nineteen nineteen Well nineteen eighteen was the Ending of world war #1 One # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes # 678: And the first flu epidemic We hear of flu now but we don't know what flu Today is #1 Compared to then # Interviewer: #2 Today to what it was # Was then 678: Uh there was Seven in our family and my dad and I were the only two that was able to {D: pick up} Interviewer: {NW} 678: I have known Whole families to die here At that time Interviewer: To d- to die 678: {NW} To die from the flu I remember two bo- two grown boys their dad and mother died Uh Lived up about a half a mile from town #1 Here # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And we found them dead there no one people wasn't able to go around see about the other four Interviewer: Just from that flu they would die 678: It was awful And then {NW} That winter During Early December This town got under water And it froze over And the flu kind of subsided We #1 Skated # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: All o- all over town here Just #1 For for # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Days and days and days our ice was So thick that uh Why I guess you could have driven a team on it if you'd wanted to Interviewer: Oh 678: Then the water went down And left the ice suspended And then when it went to To begin to uh Thaw a little Moderate That ice began to break And you talk about noise it just sound like a train going through {X} A hundred yards of ice it'd collapse in the street you know Interviewer: Oh 678: So when the ice Fell now of course it had the melt run off And then we moved in the middle of January And the ground was so soft and so {D: marry} It took four Horse team to pull one load of furniture Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: That was in nineteen eighteen in the spri- uh #1 Winter of # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Nineteen nineteen Pretty rough times #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 It sounds # Like it and the flu and all 678: #1 War's over you know the eleventh of November # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And 678: {NW} And right after that's when the rain set in and the freeze froze over No schools which I hated awful bad Interviewer: {NW} I'm sure #1 I'm sure you did # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Couldn't go to school # Interviewer: #1 Couldn't go to school # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh well what was the um what was the house covered with what was 678: Wood shingles Interviewer: And so then 678: One Occasionally would have a Metal tin on it Interviewer: A tin 678: Tin roof Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Just occasionally Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: The objection was that when it rained it made too much #1 Noise # Interviewer: #2 Made too much noise # {NW} 678: Any excuse you know Interviewer: Well now the area between the roof and the and the uh ceiling of the house I guess the area between the 678: Rafters {NW} Interviewer: Yeah 678: {D: comb} of the house Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NW} Interviewer: And then there was the sometimes the 678: Attics Interviewer: #1 Yeah would have some # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Some of them were built Tall enough that they had enough stairs {NW} #1 Sleeping quarters for the # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 678: Hard hands and the Interviewer: Oh 678: For instance uh Just say they would build the wall as this one and that was ten foot Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well they would maybe drop the ceiling down to here Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then that'd give them that plus the Roof Interviewer: Oh I see 678: Or for bed- #1 Rooms # Interviewer: #2 Or for bedrooms # 678: And that's where the hard hands slept there wasn't no Some of them don't have stairs except just a straight ladder that you climb right straight up the wall and go through #1 A scuttle hole # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Oh and it did 678: Hole was hole was big enough to push bedding bedding up through and everything and we got it up there why Probably cut the hole down to so big then Interviewer: I but it was hot in the summertime 678: Hot as a dickens {D: wind on each end} {NW} #1 You better # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Believe it was hot Interviewer: Oh um what would they call it or if people ever had a little room all for the kitchen store extra canned goods and 678: Pantry Interviewer: Did you ever know of a piece of furniture called a safe 678: Oh gosh yes #1 My mother # Interviewer: #2 What # 678: Owned one that had The doors had uh Metal Interviewer: Panels 678: And Holes pecked #1 All in it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: For ventilation Interviewer: Uh-huh what would they put in there 678: They'd put the dishes {NW} There and and then Food that didn't spoil that's why the ventilation was there Interviewer: Oh that's why the #1 Ventilation was there # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Food that wouldn't spoil which was very little Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh women back then had to cook three meals a day Very seldom would they Get by their afternoon meal without warming up something Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But of course uh Uh like stew potatoes things like that would keep Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: An old man would want to eat them cold but most of us who can think course they want them #1 Hot you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: And the old stove the old cooking stove Uh they called them r- range cooking range they had a reservoir on the side and Uh there's where you heated part of your water It never got scalding it was just just right to wash dishes Interviewer: Oh 678: And you had your little tea kettle for your hot water Interviewer: Uh-huh oh so then you you'd use the tea kettle for the 678: Uh-huh scalding #1 Water mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Scalding water # And then just the reservoir would be 678: It'd hold about five gallons see and that #1 Was # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: That was what you would do for wash your dishes #1 With and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And when you got through uh Through why Uh kids said you had to pump the water to refill the Reservoir Interviewer: Why now how would would they take some of that water out to wash I mean how how did they get the soap off when they had one pan with soapy water then what did they 678: Yeah {NW} They would uh Uh My mama We always Called her a nasty clean she was so clean you know Aux: Oh uh Bert you're wanted on the phone 678: {X} Interviewer: Okay Oh oh now if you were ta- if you had a lot of old worthless things that you were about to throw away what would you call that 678: Burnt relics I suppose {NW} Or I don't know Interviewer: Or just junk maybe 678: Yeah Interviewer: Would you ever use that word 678: Well if I was going to throw it away it'd certainly be junk Interviewer: #1 It'd be junk # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What would you call a room that was used to store odds and ends in 678: Well We'd call it a store room or a junk room Interviewer: Mm-hmm um now talking about the daily house work that a woman you know like #1 That your mother # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Would have to do you'd say every day she has to not uh just in general to the house every day she'd have to do they say tidy up or clean up what do they usually say 678: You mean now or back #1 Then # Interviewer: #2 Back then # 678: Really I don't know what they called it except uh I got in on it I got to #1 Help on it # Interviewer: #2 You did help # 678: {NW} Uh I believe that {NW} My mama called it house cleaning Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh on Saturdays After school's out on Fridays Uh very few rugs on floors then The parlor had a Maybe a rug Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But the others were pine floors Uh Scrubbed with lye water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they My brother and I Had the job before we got big enough to plow or anything My mother would get in there and mop this {NW} Or just scrub the floor just {D: whit it} Saturate it And it was our job to Take a rag and clean around the corners and be sure that everything was clean Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that floor was bleached out white that lye would bleach it Interviewer: Mm 678: She was immaculately clean And uh the walls would be papered with newspapers Go to bed and read {NW} Same time Interviewer: Oh you'd read the wall 678: But she did yeah we called it reading the wall {NW} She did uh Call it house cleaning Interviewer: Well what would you use to sweep with 678: Well br- just since I can remember we've had factory-made brooms Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We had a few of the old homemade ground brooms but uh that was the exception #1 Most of them were # Interviewer: #2 Is that # Most of them were #1 Factory made # 678: #2 Better brooms # I'd say better brooms than we get today Interviewer: Oh now talking about what women do to the clothes you'd say they had to do the 678: Washing Not laundry washing Interviewer: #1 They did it's that washing # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now how about to get the wrinkles out 678: Iron Iron #1 Pressing # Interviewer: #2 Yup # 678: Very very Very little pressing Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Pressing was uh The special clothes or um maybe Trousers Some of the men never pressed their trousers But uh My mama would refer to it as iron day Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Wash day and iron day That's Interviewer: Uh now do if a person had a two story house to get from the first floor to the second floor they'd say they have to go up the 678: Stairway Interviewer: And now from now if you had a porch to get from the ground up to the porch you'd say you had to go up the 678: Steps Interviewer: Um what would you call the little things along the edges of roofs that carry the water out 678: Gutters Interviewer: And uh uh how 678: Very few of them back then though Interviewer: Oh they didn't have them 678: {X} I remember when I was kid seeing Uh one or two in Jonesboro Interviewer: Oh over in Jonesboro 678: But I don't remember one around here Interviewer: Uh-huh um now if you have a house a a place on the roof where you have a house an an L what do you call the place where the two come together 678: Valley Interviewer: Uh what would you call well what kinds of little buildings did you have you mentioned that you had a cellar out around your house 678: Oh we had the privy you know Interviewer: Oh The privy 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 We can move on forget that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # You call that the privy 678: Well we don't no we didn't call it the privy uh I don't remember what they called it but I I just heard the word privy after I got a little bit older Interviewer: Oh um what other little buildings like for example uh what about 678: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Any place # For storing wood or 678: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Tools or # 678: We had toolsheds Interviewer: You had toolsheds 678: The wood was just Ricked up and {X} #1 We had toolsheds and # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: What we called cowsheds for the cows and Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh Stalls for the horses Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh And we had uh Hog pens {NW} With uh Hog houses To keeping them out of the way even the dog houses Everybody had a #1 Hound oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 Everybody yeah # A hound dog 678: Part of our living #1 Coon dogs you know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Oh yeah 678: {NW} Interviewer: I guess so I didn't think of that 678: {D: All along was} The sport we got out of it well we sold the coon hides and Eat the coons #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh you do # 678: I never cared for coon but uh Well I went to a coon dinner up in Rector not long ago And everybody just Man they just {D: haven't found the life of me} just Forcing it down Interviewer: {NW} 678: Didn't care for it at all Interviewer: I don't think I care for it either doesn't sound very good oh what about to store corn where would you store 678: Crib Interviewer: How about to store grain 678: Bins Interviewer: Oh do did did you ever hear about people having a anything called a like for wheat what about wheat where would they put it 678: Uh {NW} We we grew some wheat when I was a kid But As I recall We'd thrash it And load it in wagons {NW} And haul it to Jonesboro we didn't store it Now they do store it but I don't know they We had uh {D: sallows} You know for {C: tape slows down} ground up food {NS} And uh bins for peas or seed #1 Peas # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} But I #1 I didn't we didn't # Interviewer: #2 Anything covered # 678: Store any any wheat so Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I don't know what it would be called back then Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard of anything called a garner 678: No Interviewer: Okay um then the upper part of the barn would be called 678: The loft hay loft Interviewer: Now if if you had uh before they put hay in bales what would they do with it 678: They would They go to the field put on the wagons Drive in front of the hay loft One man would take a pitchfork and pitch it up in The hay loft and One or two or even three men if necessary would #1 Take it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Start to the back hand with it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And just stack it full Interviewer: And then they'd stack 678: A few of the {NS} Modern farmers or the larger farmers had what {NW} What they call a Hay fork Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Run on a track and with pulleys And uh it had uh big tongs you know it'd Come down and it'd grab a a whole of a bunch of that hay and then By manual Rope pulleys You would pull it up and then until it hit the track and then run it back Down the The rafters the comb of the rafters and And dump it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But it wasn't much faster than hand so we never went that modern We figured we needed to exercise #1 I guess I hope # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well now out in the field if uh or if it was or- that is if they had too much to put in the barn 678: Shock it Interviewer: Well they'd shock it 678: Put it in shocks Interviewer: #1 Would put it in shocks # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Um now would that be covered or how did they 678: #1 Some of them # Interviewer: #2 Keep that from getting # 678: Covered it but uh most of the time My dad the practice he used he would We had what we called uh {NW} Whippoorwill pea hay Mostly And then we grew some millet Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then uh we would cut crabgrass Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We would store this uh these peas on shocks and then we would Cap it we called it capping it #1 That would # Interviewer: #2 Capping it # 678: The millet Or the crabgrass #1 And it'd just settle # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Down and it'd shed water Just almost like a canvas Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But Few people would put it in one enormous shock Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And take canvas and cover it Interviewer: Oh I see 678: But we didn't we put it in {NW} Small shocks and then When we did that we would Uh Usually go out in the field with a hay baler then and And uh draw the sho- Pull the shocks in with Teams and to where the baler was stationed and Bale it It had to cure out it had to go through what we called going through a sweat Interviewer: Oh 678: Then it would mold you know and run then We'd shock it put a s- Uh Hole in the ground with crosses #1 On it and we'd # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Start stacking and that'd the ventilation get up and under there and go up this pole And uh Get plenty of air and you'd have some pretty bright hay But if you didn't why you'd You lye would get a mold in it and #1 Ruin your hay # Interviewer: #2 And then ruin it # The hay yeah 678: Stock didn't like to eat molded hay #1 And when they did it'd give them a # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Cough #1 And just cough just like is yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Yeah Interviewer: It would give them a cough 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Well I'll be darned didn't know that well now you mentioned this cow shed would that be where you would milk the #1 Cows # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} Well we'd milk them where they would put the night up for Bad weather {NW} Each one knew its own its own stall #1 Shed # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: We had uh We had cows named uh Spot And Beauty and Uh and Red and all that number {X} Names you know but Uh Uh old Rooney I remember one we had named old Rooney she {NW} She knew exactly where #1 Her stall was # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And if one of the others would get in there she'd fight them away Interviewer: Oh 678: But each one Had a place All the younger calves we'd put them all in a Place together but Wherever we milked these cows that's where they bedded down for the night That's where they got their feed and bedded down and just turned out the next day to pasture Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or if it was during the winter time just turned out to browse around whatever they wanted to do Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would you call the area right around the farm uh 678: Well we called it the horse lot Interviewer: Horse lot 678: And it'd be referred to as a cow lot or a horse lot but we referred to it as horse lot Interviewer: You always called it the horse lot 678: Because we had More horses than we did any other #1 Animals # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: We kept Most of our farming And logging teams were horses #1 We liked horses better # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm liked horses # 678: Than mules and we kept a lot of saddles stocked Interviewer: #1 Oh you did # 678: #2 {X} # Buggie Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Think we lived pretty good Interviewer: Uh it sounds like it sounds to me like it really I don't know it sounds like 678: Put our sisters On a wild little calf #1 Let her ride it # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 No oh no did you do that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Oh yeah throw her sky high you know Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 {NW} # She'd cry and we'd say well now if you're gonna be a crybaby go on in the house and leave us alone Interviewer: {NW} 678: And she'd limp around the hole in the {D: groove's} Places and wouldn't go in the #1 House # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} That's funny Where where would people keep their milk and before they had 678: Well Uh some of them had Cellars Which was damp and {NW} Even got snakes in them at times Just built out of the earth you know But my mama Interviewer: {NS} Now I was I never had heard of one of those things and I was just amazed 678: Are you ready Interviewer: Yeah 678: Well this uh {X} We were referring to Is simply Some uh Boards What we called one-by wides #1 Which might be # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: One-by-sixes one-by-eights one-by-twelves Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But they're made out of uh Strong {NS} Strong timbers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NW} It has a pointed nose Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: It had what we called bunks across it To load the logs on bunks were probably eight nine ten inches high Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you just simply roll logs on there and hook the team to the mud bolt Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And where this thing eh where the front buck is you saw across the mud bolt Probably A eighth or Three sixteenths of an inch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And when the team hooks onto it that lets the nose of it bend up Interviewer: Oh I see 678: And uh you slide that through the water and across the ridges Well as you use it The ridge cuts down and makes a what we call a mud bolt run Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh uh-huh # 678: #2 See # Right through the woods you just go wherever you want it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In s- In some of the woods around here you can still see signs of the old mud bolt run Interviewer: Oh 678: The slews the thing would more or less slowed or slide real easy But when you hit the ridges {X} Where they It had to wear out {D: its own rut} Wagons wouldn't stand up in it see Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Too marry too soft so they used mud bolts Interviewer: Oh I was just really amazed by that I #1 Never even heard of that # 678: #2 I wish I would have kept # Kept pictures #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: But we didn't make many pictures back then Interviewer: Oh yeah I guess you didn't course they didn't seem like it would be #1 That important # 678: #2 Not important # Interviewer: Then 678: Just like now uh I try to encourage young kids to make pictures of certain things #1 And keep them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: That'd be so interesting you know {X} Interviewer: Well uh one of these too you know you had in there 678: {X} Interviewer: You had been telling me yesterday about your grandfather when when the snow was coming through uh On his ear And you said it but in there you said that it um not only did it it turn blue but I think you said that it uh 678: Bursted Interviewer: Yeah yeah that it uh 678: I don't know that you grew up on a farm or not but {NW} And uh That old roosters You know these you've seen roo- roosters uh and uh their gills hang down Interviewer: Yes uh-huh 678: Well it was uh nothing uncommon for them to freeze Those gills to freeze {NS} {X} And they would be Just like like one big mass of blood Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 And sometimes it would # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Kill them and that's the way my grandfather's ear Interviewer: Oh 678: Blowed Interviewer: Oh well I just couldn't even imagine #1 that after you said that that was # 678: #2 {NW} # But now did we go to the doctor no Interviewer: #1 No {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # I don't remember what What they did my mother probably put a post or something on it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We didn't go to the doctor Seldom Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I couldn't remember hardly ever being any medicine in our home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Chill tonic Something like Interviewer: Oh yeah you might have some chill to- what was chill tonic made of 678: Quinine mostly {X} And had something to break it down to make Sweeten it up so it wouldn't taste so bad Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Take too much of it and your head would roar and you couldn't hear Interviewer: Oh really oh gosh um where did people keep their milk and butter mostly 678: Well I {X} Didn't we cover that Interviewer: #1 Yeah we covered it # 678: #2 Yesterday # Interviewer: But uh I was wondering if there was any it was right when we got to the end and I was wondering if there was anything we left out we #1 Talked about it # 678: #2 Uh # I don't believe so #1 We as like as I said # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 678: Some of them had Dirt cellars Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 And they would keep cool down there but # Interviewer: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # 678: Most of them Including my mama {NW} Kept it around the pump #1 The old pump # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # 678: And we built a Wooden Box around it #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And uh Oh we had a hole around something like four or five or six or eight inches deep #1 And and that was # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Covered with bricks Floored with bricks And once the bricks got cool you know from the cool water then they'd stay that way in the house practically all day long Interviewer: Well now did everybody have their own uh cows for milk I mean everybody if you Wanted #1 Milk # 678: #2 Generally # Yes at uh {X} There was no such thing when I was a child growing up As going to the store and buying milk here here in the rural areas Interviewer: No 678: Certainly in the cities #1 Why they had the # Interviewer: #2 Oh in the cities # Did they have uh 678: Lot of people in the cities uh kept cows Interviewer: Oh they did 678: Lots of them Interviewer: Well now did they when did you remember when they would begin to have those plants that processed milk what did they call them 678: Well didn't they call it pasteurizing Interviewer: Uh-huh and and the plant was called the uh it's the same thing they call it now I didn't know Do you 678: #1 I don't really remember # Interviewer: #2 Remember when when they first # Began to have dairies 678: Yeah {X} I remember my first uh hearing of them {NW} Another thing that happened Well I believe you read that in my My Memoirs I call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My dad went to Mississippi to Look into the possibility of buying a dairy farm Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that's my first #1 Experience # Interviewer: #2 That was the first # 678: To realize well there is such thing as a dairy farm Interviewer: #1 As a dairy farm yeah # 678: #2 We just yeah we # Just milked Two or three cows But uh There that was for sale #1 That was for the public # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} And I say two or three cows when you had uh four or five or six or seven in your family {NW} It would take more than one cow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See cows will only give milk so long between breeding times And We had to keep them Bred Or they would Aux: Hello I hate to interrupt you Interviewer: Oh 678: It's not always this way Interviewer: It's not always this way 678: Sometimes I slip off {D: while fishing} Interviewer: Oh you do 678: Are you ready Interviewer: Yeah 678: I was talking about the the cows #1 I believe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} The only way we could perpetuate our milk and butter was to have these cows being bred at intervals to where they Interviewer: Oh I 678: #1 See # Interviewer: #2 See # So that there would always be one that was giving 678: It'd take nine months for the calf to be born Interviewer: Oh sure 678: And then the cow would give milk uh Well some of them a year and some of them was two years or even longer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But you couldn't take a chance on one giving milk Two years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If you over accumulate on your cows by breeding well then you sold one See Interviewer: Oh 678: {X} Interviewer: So that's how it was all planned out 678: #1 Yeah you had to you had to # Interviewer: #2 I always wondered about that um # 678: Perpetuate it and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh Oh I'd say ninety Five percent of the people in these rural areas owned a cow or #1 Cows # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: Now there was a few people then that uh Were ne'er-do-wells and Simply lived off of the land and people gave them milk Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh and people gave them milk 678: Yeah just yeah {X} Didn't sell it Interviewer: They didn't 678: #1 Sell it at all # Interviewer: #2 Give it away # They would give it away 678: {X} If you over accumulate you fed to your homes Interviewer: Oh you did 678: And they loved it Interviewer: Oh I didn't know that 678: Oh yes they'd fatten them up to fare you well Interviewer: Oh I didn't know that 678: Did you ever did you ever eat Clabbered milk Interviewer: No I haven't 678: Well cottage cheese you know is a #1 Replacement for it # Interviewer: #2 It's # 678: #1 {NW} Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh really for clabbered milk # 678: You let that milk uh Keep it until it went sour And boy that stuff would clabber just eat with a spoon like a {NW} Eating watermelon Interviewer: #1 Really # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And it was like what cottage cheese it was it similar to what cottage cheese is like now 678: Yeah Excuse me just a {C: whispers} Interviewer: Oh sure 678: {NS} But you've missed something if you haven't got to eat #1 Clabbered milk # Interviewer: #2 No I never have I guess I have # 678: Clabbered milk onions and cornbread Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 {NW} # What a what a meal Interviewer: And that would be a meal clabbered 678: {D: Tie lots of people} to make a meal Interviewer: Oh that's good um did you ever what did you do when you were raising cotton 678: What did I personally or Interviewer: Yeah what have you personally done 678: Well {NW} #1 From the from the # Interviewer: #2 Kind of work did you do # 678: From the time I was five year old I started picking cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that was a way of life #1 Back then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah 678: Everyone worked And uh {NS} I remember my first Sack To pick from was an old Gunny sack tow sack Interviewer: Oh really 678: And they hung that on men And uh {NW} Why the first thing I done was got it tangled up with cockle-burrs Interviewer: Oh 678: So many burs on it it'd just Tie the thing in a knot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I remember Wishing I was old enough to have a Regular cotton sack which is made out of ducking you know Interviewer: Oh 678: And I finally grew into that and Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh of course as soon as I got old enough I {NW} I plowed Interviewer: #1 Oh you did # 678: #2 I pulled the # Plow Uh I may have referred in this {NW} Uh Things that you read uh I drove a log team I was ten year old My dad uh was timber man Interviewer: Was timber man yeah 678: And I He had hard hands and my brother and I had a team each that we drove Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh they had load the logs for me Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I'd drive to town which is about four miles out of the country But my brother and I most of the time managed to unload those logs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Wonder we hadn't got killed But uh We didn't #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: {NW} Oh we Cleared new ground That was part of your farming was Clearing up more land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh We would uh {NW} Of course make the hay when hay time come We'd Gather the corn in when that time come We usually Planted peas uh mostly whippoorwill peas and uh corn For Two or three reasons One was to grow seed uh So for hay the next year that was a primary reason The next reason was to We'd pick a few of those things and the going got too rough in the winter we'd eat them We generally grew crowders and #1 Black eyes # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: For eating but Occasionally my mom would switch off and cook us some whippoorwills they pretty good people still eat a lot of them Interviewer: Oh really 678: Mm-hmm {NW} And then another thing the peas would uh {NW} Put back into the land something that #1 To tug away see # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # Mm-hmm 678: The vines Is good fertilizer good land building Interviewer: Well was was cotton bad for the land 678: Cotton drained it pretty well they Right now if they would plant cotton in this country and and not use chemicals and fertilizers They wouldn't grow much cotton It'd get to the point to where the land would just wear out as far as cotton was concerned But people wised up and began to rotate it they'd plant in In hay Where they had cotton last year perhaps {NW} Plant in hay And then if they {NS} The grass would follow the hay And if they didn't need any of the grass for hay then they would plow that under see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And rot and that would restore the land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If they got uh Sort of diversifying the thing before agriculture {X} Agencies come along and taught them a better way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that was about the routine on our farm Interviewer: Well now uh if you were talking about a field and a patch would those be the same thing to #1 You # 678: #2 Mm-mm # A field is uh Well you could re- Refer to your field as your whole acreage #1 So you owned # Interviewer: #2 I see # 678: the eighty acres well back when I was A Young feller {X} One family could cultivate forty acres of land Interviewer: Yeah 678: It'd take one good team Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh {NS} Four or five people to chop the cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Pick the cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: You'd put about twenty-five acres of that forty in cotton And the other fifteen had to go to feed your Stock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Your hogs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And your Cows #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Your horse your plowing stock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it uh it it Forty acres would make a full load for a family Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And if you was a two teamed farmer #1 Why two crop # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Farmer You had to have your hard hand or two for an extremely large family Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh I see you were an extremely large #1 Family right # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: To get it all done 678: Where one man now can take four or five people and cultivate two or three thousand acres Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But it took a good sized family to cultivate forty acres and do it right Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And make a living off #1 Of it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: But they did Interviewer: Um what one of the things I was really interested in in there was you said that in those days that the stock just went at at at will I mean it wasn't 678: Yeah we didn't have a stock loss Interviewer: Yeah you didn't #1 Yeah and no one # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Hears # 678: #2 During the # Interviewer: About that 678: During the summer Of course we would plow our stock {NW} But during the Well during this during the spring These uh Heifers that were supposed to drop calves later on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they they what we called uh Cows that had gone dry Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And maybe some Uh Bull yearlings Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Steers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: or extra They just would run out into the woods Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Graze wild And we branded them #1 Kind of like they do out in the # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 678: Did out west Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: My dad's uh brand was registered it was uh {NW} It was what we call a {NW} Uh Let me see if I can remember The left ear had a What they call a crop which is just the end of their ears cut off Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the other two had a crop And uh it was what they called a swallow fork Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That was his brand Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh then on their hip We had a round branding iron #1 A circle # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: With a M in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And we called ours a circle M Interviewer: A circle M 678: M was for Moon Interviewer: M for Moon sure 678: And uh #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That was # Really like out west 678: Yeah Interviewer: {X} 678: And and we'd brand them and that fall we'd put uh Well say we'd turn a Cow that we didn't need out with her little calf Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And uh that fall why we'd get out in the woods everybody would round up for cattle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Maybe that old calf was about grown by then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the only way you could recognize him would be It was with its mother Interviewer: Oh really 678: A lot of cows would drop uh Calves during the Grazing period during the #1 Summer # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: And the only way that people would know it belonged to them was because it would be with their cow Interviewer: Oh and that would be the only way they know 678: Yeah and that was kind of fun you know to get out with the grown-ups and help round up those cattle Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But we'd drive them in during the winter And uh My dad would call out what he didn't intend to keep and we'd sell them That way you got a little extra money All the feed was for free Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I don't know if the beef was as good as it is now because they'd eat Uh Wild grass and Leaves and whatever they could #1 Browse on # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But anyhow that's the way we got some of our money Interviewer: Mm-hmm was yeah by getting the extra 678: We'd keep the milk cows that had the new calves and start milking them and And they Why the the male calves we would uh Maybe Butcher one or two and sell it peddled it out you know And the rest of them We'd make arrangements with the butcher shops in Jonesburg Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Deliver Interviewer: Oh 678: Calf or a hog to them #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: It was pretty well planned like it is today little bit slower Interviewer: {NW} Well did they use fences at all 678: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Did they have # 678: Fences were all All our farms were all fenced in Interviewer: Oh they were 678: Had to be because Interviewer: {NW} 678: Lot of these cattle would get out of the Woods and come out and graze along the Roads {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh I see # 678: #2 Eat eat your # Corn {X} Interviewer: I see 678: Everything had to be fenced and #1 Course we had # Interviewer: #2 W- # 678: Pastures {NS} Uh That we kept our milk cows in and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Our saddle stock We had Pastures sown down and The ones that run wild were those that we didn't need right then Interviewer: I see 678: Surplus stock Interviewer: Surplus stock well now what kinds of fences did they use 678: {NW} We used what we called Hog wire fence it was a woven wire Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: About thirty-six inches High and then on top of that we had anywhere from three to five strands of barbed wire Interviewer: I see uh-huh uh-huh well now this uh this hog wire was it what was it attached to 678: Posts There were posts at every Eight feet Interviewer: There would be a uh 678: Wooden post Interviewer: At every eight feet 678: And we made our own posts Interviewer: And you made your own posts oh I see 678: And we either set them in the ground by digging holes with the post hole digger Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or we'd sharpen them and drive with a big woolen wooden mallet that would ma- put muscles like that on you #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Wow #1 {NW} Is that how you got that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: {NW} Good grief #1 I can't believe that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Wow # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 678: But that's uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: That was part of it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And the wire had to be stretched tight we had wire stretchers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The woven wire was to keep the Hogs in #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: Now if it had been cattle only we'd have used just barbed wire Interviewer: Just barbed wire 678: Yeah where we made a Temporary pasture just for our cattle why we'd throw up three strands of #1 Barbed wire on about # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: So high so high #1 So high # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But for hogs you had to Have it low enough and sometimes buried in the ground or they'd #1 Move under see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Well did people ever use uh like little wooden fences in their yards 678: Oh yes paling we'd call them palings or pickets Interviewer: Palings or #1 Pickets I see # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Well now would palings and pickets be the same thing 678: Yeah #1 Same thing # Interviewer: #2 Just the same thing # A little little white 678: Anywhere from so high to So high depend on #1 How high # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: The kids could jump you know Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 Oh how high the kids could jump # 678: #2 {X} jumping over # Interviewer: Oh that was to keep the kids in or #1 Whatever # 678: #2 That's right # Interviewer: Oh I see um any other fences made out of wood 678: Yeah lots of uh {NW} Same style fences you see around people's home with the boards running Laterally you know Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 That was the # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Like 678: If they didn't use the paling or the picket fence Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well then they used the the board fence faced about so far apart Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Sometimes it would have a board laid on top of the post likewise little angle made it look better Interviewer: W-w-would that be like what people call rail fences 678: No #1 Rail fences are just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Simply {NW} Railings split out of #1 Logs # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And laid uh Uh You know how they #1 Lean # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes die # I know zig zag 678: There's board fence it's just a straight fence with boards Interviewer: I see 678: Nailed to the post Interviewer: I see 678: #1 We see them around people's homes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: #1 A lot now # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Oh yeah I know what you're talking about 678: I'm getting back now to {NW} Something on those hogs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: One way we kept those hogs from rooting under the fence we would Put ringers in their nose Interviewer: Oh 678: And a little old copper Things uh {NW} Were sharp on each end and you'd {NW} Get that old hog #1 Down and you had some # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Ringers from kind of like pliers #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And these rings fit right right in there Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And you'd get him down that his nose got Rough Snout that sticks #1 Out # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And you'd put about three of those things in there And uh it didn't hurt him except when he'd go to root uh why it was a Perpetual sore on him see Interviewer: Oh 678: Not that it hurt his hurt him in any way except {NW} When he would root why that would irritate that place He wouldn't root Interviewer: Oh and that's how they keep them from #1 Going oh # 678: #2 Now they use electric # Fences #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh they use electric # 678: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Fences right # 678: #1 {NW} They never use the ringer # Interviewer: #2 They never # Use the ring anymore that's interesting um did you ever do you know what you'd call a fence or a wall made out of loose rock or loose stone 678: Well {NW} I didn't grow up in the mountains so I couldn't elaborate on that I I know what it is but Interviewer: What would you call if you saw one what would you call it 678: Oh I'd uh {NW} There's two things I would call it one of it I'd call it a {NW} Um A fence made out of rock But uh I understand the reason for that #1 My wife grew up down in # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: In them the #1 Mountains where # Interviewer: #2 ah # 678: {NW} And they would pick these rocks up out of the farm each year #1 And they had to # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Put them somewhere Interviewer: So they j- 678: So well sometime they'd just build a fence out Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or sometimes they would uh {NW} Fill a Help stop up a gully #1 From washing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: But each year you know the rain would come and wash out more rocks More rocks That's about all I could #1 Tell you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: That's just what people's told me about the rocks Interviewer: Um if if you wanted a to make a hen keep laying in the same place what would they put in the nest to fool the hen what do they call 678: {NW} Well we had foolers but I always questioned whether it fooled them or not Interviewer: Oh really? 678: We had uh glass eggs Interviewer: Glass? 678: #1 Made out of glass # Interviewer: #2 Oh they were made out of glass # Glass 678: like an egg Interviewer: #1 Did you ever # 678: #2 But # Interviewer: See any made out of china 678: Oh yeah {NW} Yeah that was a the elaborate ones that Interviewer: Were they called uh 678: Uh I know what they called them Interviewer: #1 Did they call it # 678: #2 Nest eggs # Interviewer: Yeah did they ever call them china eggs 678: uh not that I know of Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Only ones that had the china eggs were those that had money enough to buy them Interviewer: Oh I see #1 Otherwise you used # 678: #2 Glass egg was # Interviewer: Glass they were cheaper 678: That's right and served a purpose Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: What we thought was the purpose but generally A hen will choose her own nest Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Now when you get two that choose the same one then you got to Probably take one out and cage her up for a while Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 See # Interviewer: I see 678: They they'll fuss and fight and quarrel over it {NW} But most of the time when they when they choose a nest that's the nest they lay in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And That's the one they intend to sit on to hatch their Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Young chickens And some of them steal like to steal out you know and hide in bushes or weeds Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We'd {NW} Well we never did know how many chickens we'd own on our farm we'd have Two or three hundred chickens Interviewer: Mm 678: Roosters pullets All sizes and all colors My mother would grow Uh certain name brand but we'd always get some mixed up #1 You know and {D: so forth but} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: {NW} A lot of them would hide their nest out and we'd never know they'd hid out until they'd come marching out a bunch of #1 Cute little chickens # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um what would you use to carry water in 678: Um to the house? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 {NW} # Buckets {X} What we called water buckets Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 About # Two and a half gallon buckets some of them were granite Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And some were Pure old Tin zinc Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But {NW} People that Were a little bit uh Careful Would use granite because We were taught in school In our hygiene that Granite wouldn't uh Accumulate germs it wouldn't let germs hang on as well as The zinc and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Tin Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So {NW} Around our place we had Granite Water buckets and granite uh dippers Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Course uh everyone drank out of the same dipper Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Oh yeah they did anyway # 678: #2 {NW} # We'd have more than one dipper but we'd have more than one bo- water bucket But uh {NW} We'd have we'd hang a dipper up the side of the water bucket #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Get you a drink of water or go out to pump pump you a fresh drink Interviewer: Mm-hmm would uh what about milk what would they carry milk in 678: Crocks and Churns and Well they originally they would milk in buckets we had regular buckets we milked took to milk the cow #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} We'd bring that in then we'd strain it into uh Crocks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Mostly crocks because that's uh {NW} Was easily handled and they were thick and Would keep cool Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um how about to carry food to the hogs what would they 678: We had what are called slop bucket Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah Set that {NW} Set that thing outside the house and your re- {D: refills} Went in it Put a lid over it you got it So full why And you'll feed them Interviewer: And go feed the hogs um 678: Getting back to these {NW} Crocks of milk {NW} The One of the big deals for people that love cream now I never did care for pure cow's cream Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But You could milk like this afternoon and And then cool that milk and by morning You would have cream on there a inch thick pure yellow Interviewer: Mm 678: Rich cream {NS} And people loved that you know but I didn't #1 Personally # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: I didn't #1 Like it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But then when you When you skimmed it that's what they call skimming the cream off that's where you got your butter see Interviewer: Oh you made the butter from #1 The cream # 678: #2 From the cream # {NW} When you skim that off you had a very Low grade of milk #1 What you call # Interviewer: #2 I see # 678: Skim milk Interviewer: And you call that skim milk 678: Lot of us called it blue john because Interviewer: #1 Blue john # 678: #2 Yeah it almost # Lost the color #1 Sometimes you'd see # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: More water than milk Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And {NW} Now you know they homogenize that stuff #1 And you get # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: The The cream That come from the cow you get the cream and the milk All together Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 That's why it # Tastes so much better #1 Than milk # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Did when I was a kid {NW} But We we didn't have no way of course homogenizing it And we had to save the cream for the butter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So as a result uh we only drank the skim milk Interviewer: So that was all you ever drank was 678: We drank all we could hold of it and the rest of it went to the hogs or my mama let some of it Clabber To have clabbered milk Interviewer: Oh {NS} Oh so that was all so have have so you have always you had always drunk the uh the #1 Skim # 678: #2 Yeah milk yeah # {NW} It uh it just proves that uh You do whatever's necessary #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Exist #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You do the best you can with what you have And if you're content with that that's the way you will do it a hundred years from now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But if not why you'll improve Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I remember {NS} In nineteen thirty during the {NW} The The eve of the depression Interviewer: Mm 678: We bought a Delco-Light plant and had liquid lights in our farm home and Interviewer: Oh 678: Also a water pump electric water pump Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Run water to the kitchen and No bathroom no indoor bath but uh Run water to the kitchen and uh Also out to water our stock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh We went one better my brother and I rigged up a barrel That {NW} We could pump the water into up tall high you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh we'd pump that full of water until the morning Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Then when the sun would hit it you'd almost have scalding water to Take a shower in Interviewer: Oh #1 Really # 678: #2 It it it # Really wasn't a shower just a {X} Interviewer: Oh 678: Faucet the best Way best thing we could get let the water come down on you but #1 In fact # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: It was a good bath see Interviewer: Well was the you mean uh and it would come down out of that 678: #1 Barrel # Interviewer: #2 Barrel # 678: Yeah Mm-hmm Interviewer: And you would open up a faucet #1 On the # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Barrel 678: Un- 'un- Under the barrel and It'd come right down on your head and you'd start washing Interviewer: Oh 678: Pre-runner to the shower #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: {NW} Interviewer: That I never heard of that #1 That's really interesting # 678: #2 Well just # Very few people had #1 Those things # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: They just didn't think of them or #1 Didn't care # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Or wasn't didn't no ingenuity #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: But {NS} We like to call ourself progressive #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: On our farm we kept uh Our fences Clean We We would uh lay by our crops get through with them I would always plow these fence rows out real clean and nice And plant beans around #1 There # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And we'd have more beans than we would need we'd invite the neighbors in to come pick up some Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 Beans # All dry beans then Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh I see 678: No canning Interviewer: #1 No canning # 678: #2 Just # Dry beans put them up in sacks and keep them {NW} All winter {NW} And then on the outside of the fence I'd take one of these old swinging scythes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And cut the weeds Around {X} But uh {NW} Almost a mile of fence that I had along row Interviewer: Oh really that much 678: And we had little Lane led up to our house and I kept that groo- groomed just Uh like we would our yard Interviewer: Mm 678: And Very few farms back {X} Back then would uh Oh they might Sweep their yard uh no no lawnmowers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My mama Uh My mama's yard was as Clear of grass as this floor Interviewer: Oh 678: She just had her flowers or roses and everything around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But she'd sweep that yard just like uh Instead of raking it up she'd just take her broom and sweep it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And {NW} We always fussed at her for sweeping it out into our horse lot see Interviewer: Oh uh-huh {NW} 678: Kind of a joke with us you know Interviewer: Yeah 678: But uh {D: Love} Someone said wasn't that a lot of work I said well not anymore than mowing grass Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 I said well # Interviewer: #2 I guess not # 678: She could sweep the yard or we could #1 Help her # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} Uh time you could Mow the grass and if you didn't uh if you didn't do that you had weeds and grass come up in your yard and you had to cut them with a hole or #1 Something so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: She kept her yard swept clean {NW} Interviewer: Isn't that funny and now people trying to talk about #1 Grass and # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 And they and she was # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Trying to keep it out # 678: #2 Sow it and put it out # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Yeah we we cut it up # Interviewer: And you cut it up uh what did she use to fry eggs in 678: The old orange skillet Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Cast-iron skillet Interviewer: Cast-iron skillet um how about to uh make biscuits in what would she 678: She had the uh Uh {NW} Well she had a great big huge uh Uh Pan that she kneaded the dough in mixed the dough in Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I don't remember if it was an oval shape or seemed to me like it She used just a Small alum they just began to make #1 Aluminum # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 So # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: What we would call a dish pan #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Seeming like she finally went to that she'd like Course she had to make up a lot of biscuits Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There was Five of us children at home and my dad always had the one or two hard hats Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we never knew how much company we'd have She'd make No telling how many biscuits My wife says that her mother would make as high as a hundred biscuits #1 {D: that'd be them} # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: {NW} My mama had these great Big pans you know she had some Made out of tin and she had a few made out of cast-iron Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: She'd make cornbread muffins in #1 That mostly # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: But the biscuits mostly were cooked in These big pans and she'd make those biscuits real large biscuits that thick On a cold morning about daylight and boy them things were good Interviewer: Mm I bet 678: Oh we got up to eat in the lamp light you know Interviewer: Oh 678: Whether we were working or not Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Routine Interviewer: Mm-hmm every day 678: Yeah Interviewer: You ate you ate breakfast every day 678: That's right Every day three meals a day Interviewer: Oh you did you ate 678: Sometimes during the winter if we were snowed in {NW} We had a lot more snow as we do now Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We'd get up a little bit later than usual and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Wouldn't have but two meals {NW} And Course those kids would gripe about that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 Always hungry # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: But we'd uh Finally wind up uh popping some corn or Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Parching some Peanuts {NW} And it seemed like we would stay up late but Looking back Now with the kerosene lights and everything I know that In winter Uh It begins to get dark at five o clock #1 Or so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: We probably went to bed at eight O clock Not never later than #1 Eight o clock # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} And as a result we got all the sleep we needed #1 My dad dad # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Would get us out #1 We'd be up at daylight # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 Watching the sun come up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Oh you'd be up at sun 678: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 Yeah # We'd eat breakfast in the lamp light {NW} Most the time {NW} During the summer we wouldn't because Uh But We'd be up the same hour we'd #1 We would be # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: We would eat breakfast and be in the fields before six o clock Plow fourteen hours a day Interviewer: Before six o clock 678: That's right Interviewer: Mm 678: Walked behind the cultivator fourteen hours a day Interviewer: Mm 678: {NW} Interviewer: Goodness goodness well what did she use to heat water in if she just wanted some water 678: The tea kettles {NW} Interviewer: How about to cook potatoes in what would she use 678: She had a pot From the when she s- well when she fried them she fried them in the the old Uh On the skillet Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 Cast-iron skillet # Interviewer: #2 And if she boiled them # 678: She boiled them she had a one of those black pots Interviewer: Oh I see 678: Took the eye off of your stove Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the pot had a Was made to where it fit right on the eye That she had a lid to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} Put the wood to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And get the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Take a little longer than Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The time was uh Wasn't important as it is #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 As it # Seems now 678: No Interviewer: Um what about the eating utensils that you would that you would eat with what would you have 678: Well {NW} We had uh In our home and it's something I've got to remember by that My dad and mother kept Good chinaware Good glassware and And good silverware Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: good uh as was available for our {NS} And probably better than Our income would afford but like I said my {NW} My dad's folk were sort of aristocratic #1 People # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: My mother's people were hustlers #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm {NW} # 678: #1 So we uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: We had better than Average Interviewer: Well uh now in the way of silverware and if they were setting the table what would they what would they put by each plate? 678: {NW} They'd uh {X} After After they got into that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Why they would put knife fork and spoon Interviewer: Oh they did 678: But now when I was a small child And on up until My mama w- Would read and see how things was going {NW} They had what they called a spoon holder Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 {X} # It was actually a spoon knife and fork holder Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh My daughter still has one that my mother used #1 It's a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Very valuable Piece of glassware it's uh light blue in color Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But uh you just simply put the knives and the forks and spoons in there #1 When you sit down to # Interviewer: #2 I see # 678: Eat Your plate was there but you grabbed a If you needed just a fork that's what you grabbed Interviewer: I see 678: You needed a fork and knife well you grabbed them See Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Oh # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well I didn't know that #1 Oh # 678: #2 Later on # She got to Went to go setting the table #1 You know the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: S- similar to what they do now #1 Nothing fancy # Interviewer: #2 Um # Uh do they have a like a big knife for cutting meat what was that called 678: Butcher knife Carving knife Interviewer: Mm-hmm now we were talking about yesterday about that reservoir and you were saying that that they would usually take the water to wash the dishes #1 From that reservoir # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Now they would put it what did they use in soap I mean how would they get them #1 Soapy # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 678: #2 {NW} # Well They they had two dishpans Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: One of them was washed they just simply had a bar of soap Interviewer: Mm-hmm And they put the dishes in there and they just took their hands and #1 Yeah # 678: #2 Kinda like this # {NS} And rubbed enough soap off to accumulate a suds Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Interviewer: The other pan then what did they #1 Do to the other one # 678: #2 The other # Pan they'd uh They When they got them washed Um my mom my mama she was a stickler for cleanliness #1 That's the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Rule I've got to go by #1 She would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} Rinse them #1 In this other pan # Interviewer: #2 I see # Mm-hmm 678: And uh She had uh she would stack them up #1 After she # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Rinsed them she'd stack them up and then she would dry them and put them in her Safe or her cupboard Where she kept them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that was before you had rags to Dry them #1 In though # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: But she would wash them And rinse them And stack them and then dry them Interviewer: Um 678: And she made a lot of her own Soap to wash clothes what they called #1 Old lye soap # Interviewer: #2 Oh she # Oh 678: Boiled it outside in a big old kettle Interviewer: Oh 678: also 'n made our own hominy Interviewer: Oh you did and how did they make it outside too 678: Yeah you had to Had to take the corn I don't know how to make it #1 Except uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Vaguely uh We would select The center part of the ear of corn you know on the little the the {NW} Tip end the grains get small and on the butt end why they're kind of wrinkled up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So we would uh shell that off Use it for the stock and in the center it had nice big flat grains Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we'd Pick white corn to make our hominy out of #1 We'd # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Grow white and yellow both but the white corns why we would use for hominy and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: She she would use uh {NW} Lye merry wore lye #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Soak that corn in and and it would uh Take the husk off #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You just have to Handle it Almost a grain at a time you might say but she'd get a handful and of course we'd help her and You just Thump those #1 Husks off # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And I don't know other processes that she went through #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Making hominy was Was quite a job it took a good long while #1 More than # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: {NW} Oh that it had to go through a Curing process and also But it was good just as good as you would buy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Sometimes it'd come out a little bit dark but #1 That didn't hurt # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Well um when they were uh back to washing the dishes when they were washing the dishes what would you call the cloth or the rag that you use in? 678: #1 We call it dish rag # Interviewer: #2 Washing # 678: {X} And drying cloth Interviewer: And the drying cloth mm-hmm uh now what about the thing that you would use to wash your face with 678: Wash rag {X} {NW} Interviewer: And after 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You # After you uh uh washed what would you call what you dry off with 678: A towel Interviewer: Now you were talking about the faucet on the uh on the barrel you said now what about like after you began to have uh at your kitchen sink what the water would come out of What was that called 678: It was a faucet Interviewer: Faucet too now nowadays 678: Just a bi- just a {NW} Just one faucet no hot and cold water #1 Just cold and # Interviewer: #2 Nope just one # Mm-hmm 678: And uh wasn't even a place to attach a hose to it #1 Just a # Interviewer: #2 No # Oh #1 Well now what # 678: #2 {X} # Faucet Interviewer: When they began to have them on the side of a house what would it what did you call it 678: Still called that Interviewer: Still called the faucet on the side of the house um what would uh molasses if you bought molasses what did it come in 678: {NW} Tin {NW} Tin pails buckets Interviewer: Uh-huh how about lard if you bought 678: Well you could buy lard back then uh they'd it'd come in half gallons gallons or Ten gallons Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Containers {NS} #1 We # Interviewer: #2 Ah # 678: Called a ten gallon a stand that's what they #1 Called stand of lard # Interviewer: #2 Stand uh-huh # Stand of lard uh what would you call a metal frame like this that you would use to pour things through 678: It's all in a funnel as far as I'm {D: Concerned} Interviewer: Um now we were talking about the seeing those um oxen and everything did did they and you talked about that long whip that they would use with the oxen Uh did they use whips if they were driving horses or mules 678: Yeah {NW} Well {NW} Not everyone used them but uh Why you take the buggy {NW} And uh that's kind of like a car #1 If you if # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: You buy a car today {NW} Uh You would buy a radio probably Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If you didn't it wasn't a complete car Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The this buggy had uh what they call a dashboard in front You've seen buggies of course {NS} And on this dashboard is a little {NW} Thing about oh about so big around so long {NW} That you set your buggy whip down in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Now the buggy whip {NW} Is a long {NS} Is a long just a long stem #1 Of a thing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: With a cracker #1 On the end of it you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Reach and peck him with Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Wasn't always necessary to have them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Some horses needed prodding they would never trot for you #1 Unless you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Crack them with that #1 Whip # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But Your buggy didn't look complete unless you had a whip #1 And and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You could buy a fancy whips #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You just bought {NW} Wanted to make the old horse get it Or you could buy a real fancy one Interviewer: Oh 678: You could also so buy a With the buggies that had tops on them Tops would let down see kind of #1 Like a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Convertible #1 Car # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: {NW} But if the weather threatened you why And you was lucky you You you'd get the top up in time to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And put side curtains up and they also had one that hung down from the top Out over the dashboard with a little slot in for the Ho- Lines Interviewer: Oh 678: Horse lines Interviewer: #1 For the horse lines # 678: #2 Come through # Mm-hmm #1 And you could # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And a little That's the first cellophane I ever saw Was in one of those things A little Hole about S- That wide and so forth that {NW} #1 Peep through and drive # Interviewer: #2 And you could look # 678: #1 That threw a horse # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: {D: get way see} Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: But {NW} Uh You know it's kind of like a #1 If you had you a buggy with a # Interviewer: #2 You're really good at describing # 678: Pardon Interviewer: You're good at describing things I can I think when you describe things I can see them though #1 I really it's you # 678: #2 Yeah the the # Interviewer: #1 You're good at that # 678: #2 The horse # The buggy whip the top and the side curtains and And the lap rope in front Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh Was sort of in the Cadillac style Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 See # Interviewer: Right like it being like 678: And you also had lap ropes uh very uh elaborate very fancy Uh Made out of heavy felt or heavy That you Placed over your feet in cold weather see And we even wised up in later years And found out that uh By putting this lap rope up over the Dashboard and over your Person {NW} Then you could set a lantern down in there And it would heat you up just like a car heats you up now see Interviewer: Oh 678: So they weren't too dumb back then you know #1 They was learning # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah they had # They had all the angles figured out 678: {NW} #1 Just as # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Modern as to- is today's airplane #1 For # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: For the time you know {X} Interviewer: Well uh like when you were a a child going to the store uh if you bought candy at the store what would the grocer probably put it in 678: Little brown paper sack and he had the Handed the candy out I remember the largest store we had he had his candy counter About as long as from here to that chair Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: And he had uh Pans Probably this wide And so deep And that long about as long as the old time counters Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they were set up on an angle you'd walk up here and look through this glass and pick out the candy you wanted Interviewer: Oh 678: And he'd ea- reach in there with his dirty hands #1 And pick a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: #1 Pick up the candy you selected and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {X} You'd buy a nickel's worth of candy and you'd get Uh You'd get more candy than two people could eat Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: For a nickel Interviewer: For a nickel 678: Peppermint sticks Interviewer: Mm 678: Or these big old chocolate drops you know like {NW} They didn't have the variety I remember the first bar of candy #1 That I ever saw # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Um did you ever need a bag called a paper sack or paper tote 678: Oh yeah Lots of them called it that Just like when they say {NW} Lot of people uh when they refer to Picking up something and carrying it #1 They say # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Tote it Interviewer: Oh 678: Especially out of Mississippi and Alabama and #1 Georgia # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: Say tote Interviewer: Tote 678: I I use it a whole lot Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} Uh Because {NW} Well it gets the job done better Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Just like in In writing Uh You Highway you you abbreviate it H.I. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 See # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 Yeah # Tote It it gets to the point Interviewer: #1 To the point quicker # 678: #2 Quicker see # Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Say pick that up #1 Yonder see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} And {NS} I found out that I use it a whole lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I don't know if it's correct or not uh there is a word tote in #1 The dictionary but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm sure # 678: {NW} But uh We used to make uh sort of light of the Mississippians and Alabamans #1 And Georgians # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Who would say 678: Who have been here for You know for using that word Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they used thar Thar #1 For there # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: We still have people {NW} I had a man here this morning seventy-eight year old and he still says thar We have a lot of people Interviewer: Where is he from 678: {NW} He's from {NW} Either Georgia #1 Or Alabama # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: But uh we have people that moved in here from Mississippi years and years ago and Alabama especially Alabama Interviewer: Especially Alabama 678: Use the word thar Interviewer: Huh that's interesting #1 Um # 678: #2 And # You-ins Interviewer: And you-ins 678: "Wins" Interviewer: Oh 678: And "yens" Interviewer: Oh 678: Why don't yens go with us Interviewer: Why don't yens instead of why don't 678: You Interviewer: Instead of why don't you or why don't 678: #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 Y'all # 678: He was speaking in plural #1 Like # Interviewer: #2 In plural # 678: You and I Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh I might say why don't you guys or you fellas if I was from up north I would say yous Interviewer: #1 Yous # 678: #2 Guys # Interviewer: Guys 678: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: I'd say why don't you folks go along with us Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And they would say "why don't yens go with us" Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And if they were speaking of more than two say what you-ins doing Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 See # And they'd even say we-ins Interviewer: Uh-huh oh we-ins 678: Yeah we-ins Interviewer: Huh 678: When we-ins Interviewer: #1 And you could always # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Tell that that would be somebody from 678: {NW} Interviewer: Some other 678: Seldom did Arkansasers #1 Use it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: It was uh {NW} Mississippians and like I said more Uh #1 I I feel like # Interviewer: #2 Alabama # 678: Mississippi was uh {NW} Farther advanced {X} That stage Than Alabama Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Undoubtedly {NW} This country was settled By {NW} Sort of like our our nation it was settled by foreigners far as we're #1 Concerned # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: There was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Tennesseans and Mississippians and #1 Alabamans # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} And uh Georgians Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And of course a few from Texas and Missouri #1 Around but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You could tell the difference Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Distinct #1 Difference # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # That's really interesting 678: We had one old guy that We had a lot of people here from Sharp County Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Interviewer: {D: running within} 678: And uh {NW} We had uh what we called a character every town has #1 Someone you know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # {NW} 678: And he wouldn't want to offend anyone so he'd always put himself in when he was making light of Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh {NW} They used to call the church of Christ people Carmelites you know Interviewer: Oh I didn't know that 678: {NW} Yeah oh they resent it bitterly Interviewer: Oh 678: And we had a lot of bitterweeds in this country {NW} So this old guy that I'm referring to he'd stand out on the street one day and {NW} And uh He said well he said it looks like it uh Sharp Countians Carmelites bitterweeds are going to take this place yet Interviewer: Oh 678: That was about the time they built the church of Christ stirring up a big uh Well trying to get members you know And the bitterweeds all over our pasture out there and {NW} He's And he had the he had the Mississippians in there too but he had to put the Sharp Countians because that's where he #1 Was from see # Interviewer: #2 Because that's where he was uh-huh # 678: Keep someone from whipping him Interviewer: From whipping him {NW} that's funny {NW} 678: During the early part of this uh {NW} I may have referred to it in my writings here that {NW} They done a lot of uh moonshining down in Alabama Interviewer: Oh 678: And when they when prohibition came along and they {NS} Revenue men got after them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh rather than go to the penitentiary they'd just leave the state And Arkansas's where they would Interviewer: #1 Oh and they would come to Arkans- # 678: #2 They you know # If anyone had a relative here or a friend {NS} This is where they would go {NS} You know if they had a friend at Osceola that's where they would go see Interviewer: Oh 678: But if someone had a friend or a relative here {NW} This is where they'd go and lots of times {NS} They would wire ahead and when they'd get off of the train here the officers would arrest them Interviewer: Oh really 678: #1 And and I've even # Interviewer: #2 And they'd know that they were # Were coming 678: #1 Yeah I've even # Interviewer: #2 Here # 678: Seen them Jump them and run them just like rabbits dogs after rabbits {NW} They'd get off the train and {NW} At night {NS} And uh The officers would Be there and these fellas get off the train running in a strange town and a strange country they didn't know where they was Run over everything Interviewer: Oh 678: Lot of history went along back then Interviewer: Well I didn't and uh so they would just come here rather the moonshiners 678: Come here and start a new life Interviewer: Huh 678: And some of them uh You know turn in to be good people Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Good people {NW} Oh all was wrong with them really was they was making whiskey for a #1 Living # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And they resented the U.S. government #1 Meddling just like uh # Interviewer: #2 T-telling # 678: Just like uh People resented the The bill of rights or the #1 The the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Integration #1 Thing # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Uh it it changed their way of life Interviewer: Uh-huh anything that would change I #1 See what you mean just # 678: #2 That's right # Interviewer: Changing their way #1 Of life # 678: #2 Their way of life and # {NW} Rather than to face a {NW} A term in a penitentiary they'd just get out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And and come here and we've got people {NW} Uh Living all over this town now and country from Alabama and #1 Mississippi that # Interviewer: #2 Huh # 678: {NW} Uh Their forefathers weren't the best in the world in fact we've got a man on the school board right here that his daddy was {NW} Run out of Alabama for making whiskey #1 His granddaddy # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 Not his daddy # Interviewer: #2 His granddaddy # 678: Granddaddy Interviewer: Yeah 678: And he's a and he's a very reputable citizen Interviewer: Hmm that is I am so interested in all of this you have really got a good memory for things um oh Back to the the sacks and things we were talking about before um what would flour come in when people bought 678: Flour sacks just uh {NW} Thin Cotton Fabric of a sort Interviewer: It was a c- fabric 678: And uh They {NW} There was several uses one one is uh someone would print a {NS} Pretty design Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: That was watered fast Interviewer: Oh it would do 678: And uh the women used those for Pillow cushion Covers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or or a lot of little ornamental things Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: When those that uh That didn't have the Flowers on them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They used for their dish cloths {NW} Their their drying cloths Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And even their dish rags Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And baby diapers Interviewer: And baby #1 Diapers # 678: #2 Yeah # And and to make the little baby {NS} Clothes I remember when Wally here #1 Was born # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Yeah 678: It was in uh in nineteen thirty And uh All the little dresses he had was made out of flour sacks Interviewer: Really 678: But real fancied up #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Fancied up # 678: My wife would uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: What is called hem stitching Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: If you you I {X} They put a little hem around it and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh {NW} Little work around the collar looked real pretty you know but it's made out of flour sacks Interviewer: Well isn't that 678: {X} Diapers {NS} Interviewer: Well what about meal what would #1 Meal come in # 678: #2 Same thing # Interviewer: Yeah #1 Same exact thing # 678: #2 Same thing # Interviewer: Well now did you have to carry corn to the 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: To the mill to get it #1 Ground # 678: #2 That's right # We did {NW} Interviewer: Did 678: We had uh {NW} {D: rest mills} Here and we We would take our {NW} You know what they called it Interviewer: Uh-uh 678: A turn of corn Interviewer: A turn of corn #1 Is that what they called it I was gonna ask you about that # 678: #2 Mm-hmm yeah it's a {X} # It's uh I've got to take a turn of Interviewer: Turn would be the amount you take at #1 One time # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Now why they call it that I don't #1 Know # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's funny # 678: But {NW} We even had a corn #1 Oh excuse me # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's okay it didn't # Oh you didn't hurt 678: We had a Interviewer: It's #1 It didn't do anything # 678: #2 We had a corn cellar # We was one of the modern boys we had a big old corn cellar that we could {NS} Turn a crank and Put these ears of corn in there and {NW} Uh we could shell our corn in Oh golly in Twenty or thirty minutes #1 All we needed # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: For Oh two or three weeks at a time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And now when you had and sat the whole family down and shell that corn by hand {NW} #1 You'd have some blisters along here because that corn # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh oh yeah # 678: Was tough Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: A lot of families shelled it {NW} Why it'd take them hours #1 To shell # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: Enough corn #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Select good corn and shell enough {NW} To make enough meal to run them {NW} Well some of them went to the mill every week but some would go every two or three or four weeks {NW} And back Back then Uh most of the families you eat cornbread twice a day Interviewer: Oh 678: They'd eat biscuits for breakfast {NW} And uh I know I'd eat so much when I was a kid uh And I love biscuits #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} We could have afforded biscuits but it was a way of life That you ate biscuits for breakfast Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And cornbread for l- lunch and #1 Your afternoon # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Meal and {NW} My mama would make cornbread that thick Interviewer: Mm 678: Real good Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh then I went through a period that I didn't even want any cornbread #1 After that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 Uh it was a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 Transition you know I uh # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: I think it was a little bit of a Uh I didn't look on it that way then but looking back now {X} It it was a little bit of a resentment {NW} Because I wanted to eat more biscuits Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Less cornbread Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it's a little bit of a {NW} Like children do now #1 Resenting the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 Establishment you see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 The way the way that they do # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # The way that they 678: But I didn't realize it because I never {NW} I never sassed my daddy or mother the first time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And someone said well I don't see how you kept from it I said well there's several reasons {NW} One is {NS} They never put anything on me that I couldn't or shouldn't do Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They never asked me to do anything that was unreasonable Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I said I loved them too much to sass them and respected them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I said I held my daddy in awe he was a #1 Supreme # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} Ruler far as I was #1 Concerned # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} And I said my mother was my protection Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: I said she was the one that during I hurt my finger I went #1 To her and got up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Against her apron and cried Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 And she'd pat my head and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {NW} Go doctor it {NS} And my dad was {D: tall work} And I looked onto him for the strong side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I said uh I never I never thought of sassing him Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I said there had been times when I would reach that uh Adolescent age that I didn't always agree with them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And and I would question in my own mind well {NW} Well for instance if I was going to one of these old square dances {X} And uh {NW} Had already been to about three that week my dad Said my son You better slow down now you you've gone too many I I'd ask him to say well why what Why What difference would it make Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But it did make a difference because He wanted to {NW} Let me know that there was rules and regulations Discipline In that house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that he was the one sets the rules Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Later on {NW} {X} This son here of mine he {NW} Uh when one of his children would ask him uh A question He would uh he would always get them around in front of him and Explain this #1 To them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And Asked them did they understand it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And as a result he he found out his whole k- all the kids would {D: gang around} Listening Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And they had an understanding Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: He'd tell them why Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Why you can't do this or why you shouldn't do that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Of course like he said the other day he's got one girl that hasn't uh {X} Strictly adhered to that she's kind of a wild one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh I don't think anything unusual but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Not the {NW} Uh {NW} Petite easy going #1 Kind that uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Some of the others #1 Are # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And But uh the first thing that {NS} To make a home go good is that uh There must be some respect there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And someone in anything you go has got to be the boss Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If you want to use that #1 Word I # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} I supervised work {NS} Forty years in factories and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh people would call me boss or or refer to me as boss I said well I don't like to be called boss And well why I said because I That sound like that I've got the final say Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And and I said I I'm always open to suggestions And uh gripes and so forth and we'll talk about it and I'll think it over and {NW} I said I'd rather be Called your supervisor Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NW} Because I do supervise your work and {NS} And instruct you and I said I never did like the word boss Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If I were to use it {NW} Uh {NS} You know in uh One sense like uh say well the boss uh won't allow me to do this out in the other that's different but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Just to say hey boss how about so and so Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I never did like #1 That a # Interviewer: #2 Not too # 678: Lot of people would feel bigotry about it #1 Being called boss but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: {NW} {NW} It always made me feel like that Uh I was on one pedestal and #1 They were on another # Interviewer: #2 They were on another # Mm-hmm 678: In effect you are Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Except there's a leveling place to where you've got to understand your people and they've got to understand you {NS} Interviewer: Um 678: That's maybe off the subject Interviewer: Oh well it was interesting I I always get um did you have to carry wood into the house 678: Yeah #1 From the old wood box # Interviewer: #2 From the back # A wood box well now if you were talking about the amount of wood you could carry your arms at one time you'd say that'd be one arm 678: Arm load yeah Interviewer: An arm load uh how about uh did did you ever uh well talk about people who carried wood from one place to another who picked it up one place dropped it off at another place Uh how would they measure that how was m- wood measured 678: {NW} You mean if you was buying it #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # 678: It was measured by {NW} Some of them called it a rick Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Some called it a rank Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Uh which is right I don't know but a rick {NW} Is four foot When you put two posts eight foot apart {NS} Interviewer: #1 That's okay # 678: #2 And uh # {NS} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Layer it in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Four foot high {NW} That's uh four By eight now a cord Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It's four by sixteen Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: Well now if people were carrying wood from one place to another did they like in wagon did they speak of that as hauling wood 678: Yeah And and the #1 Reason # Interviewer: #2 They'd say # They'd say they were 678: Hauling wood Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And the reason for the size the four by eight Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Is because the average wagon bed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well the average length wood uh what we call cooking wood Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Oh you could just throw it in there and one wagon bed would haul Would hold a four by eight Interviewer: {X} 678: So if Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If the people you were selling wood to trusted you {NS} You could go up there and Say well I've got a load of wood here and they say well is there a rick yeah this bed holds a rick Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Someone would uh stack it up measure it on #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Well if they found out that Of course I always wanted I always tried to give them full measure #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} I was selling wood and uh maybe they'd rick it up by they never pushed #1 It after that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: They knew my wagon #1 They knew how # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Full it was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: When I'd give out longer wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Then you've got to rick it into your wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And get your wagon full Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And end up {NW} The heater wood was {NW} Would never Seldom exceed uh {NW} Thirty-two inches And you could get a rick of wood in your wagon bed by lay- by Layering it in #1 Ricking it in # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} But then when you get into what they call a cord of wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You ever hear of that Interviewer: No I 678: That's what they burn in cotton gins Interviewer: Oh that's what they burn in cotton gins 678: And uh it was four foot long Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: And you would haul it on the {NW} You'd have a frame on your wagon with Two big standers on each end and {NW} You'd just rick it on that wagon until you've got it {X} All of the team could pull Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Take a chain bring back {NS} {D: boon it} Down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Go the gin with it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it was sold by cords #1 Of eight uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} Uh sixteen Cross and #1 Four high # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: {NW} We got {NW} That's the way my dad and my brother and I would make a lot of money during the summer Was uh we would clear up land {NW} And we'd get twelve dollars and half an acre for clearing it and if you was to depend on that you'd starve to death Interviewer: {NW} 678: But out of that we would get {NW} Our winter's wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Both cooking and heating Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} We would sell a lot of wood uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh cooking wood and heater wood {NW} And we might sell A hundred ricks Or a hundred cords Of gin wood Uh which we would give three dollars a cord for that's three hundred dollars {NS} Lots of money back then between crops three hundred dollars worth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Some people wouldn't make a hundred dollars between crops {NW} And then {NW} My dad was of the old school and he would make cross ties And sell to the railroad Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} Some of these things {NW} So we had seven several avenues of uh income of a acre of land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We'd even have uh {D: We'd find some} {NW} Logs of course they'd this this land it had been timbered off Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} Occasion they would leave a nice tree Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 If they # Did we could saw logs out of that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So we sold saw logs for lumber or we'd haul them to the mill {NW} Have the lumber cut {NS} And we'd store it at our home and sell people lumber that'd come by But we had the logs The gin wood the home wood the domestic wood And the cross ties Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See #1 In the first post we'd make fifth post # Interviewer: #2 Oh you mean uh-huh and the fifth post too # 678: Right across from mulberry and sassafras Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Which doesn't rot soon #1 Or we would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Make fence posts And we'd sell those and work ten to fifteen Cents a post Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And off of an acre of land we might make uh {NS} Five hundred dollars {NS} Instead of twelve an hour Interviewer: So right just from all those other 678: #1 A lot of people # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: That weren't good managers would take that acre of land and {NW} Cut their winter's wood and And cut all the rest of it and bring it up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Stack it up in huge piles and try to burn it and would starve to death doing it Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: #1 They didn't know how to manage # 678: #2 {D: We were making more} # Didn't know how to manage {NW} Interviewer: Well 678: My dad was a manager and {NW} From the day I can remember when he'd tell my brother and I to Go out here and do some work {X} He didn't come out to see if we were doing that job right he knew we was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Because he had taught us how to do this How to do that we would ask questions {NW} And uh {X} When he sent us to build a fence He'd say I want you to go build a fence in a certain place in a certain place Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We knew that he meant that fence would be built straight Just as straight as a rifle to shoot if possible Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And each post level Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We hadn't our farm was Surrounded with fence and every post at the same #1 Level # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Pastures the same way Interviewer: Mm-hmm hmm 678: Had to take it along and it did {X} Haphazard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um when they would carry the washing out to hang it on the line what would they carry it out in usually 678: Ah well I'm not sure Interviewer: {NW} 678: I would imagine Uh it'd seem to me like my mother used a little tub Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: A little zinc tub Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Didn't have hampers or anything back then Interviewer: They didn't already have that basket 678: No no baskets Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} {NW} Maybe they would have one of these old woven baskets #1 Like you see made up in the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah uh-huh # 678: Mountains a few of them use those but my mama {NW} Uh she would Wash them out and wring them out and hang them on a line like the old s- song which you know but {NW} Uh she would when she'd get them wrung out she'd put them in this little tub Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And of course I was heavy #1 Wet clothes you know and hard on women # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm oh yeah mm-hmm # 678: But that's what she would use and I remember when I as a child seeing here Start her washing {X} Before we would leave for school Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In the winter it was pretty early Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My brother and I would pump this water up Get it in the old iron kettle and start the fire and have water get hot {NW} As soon as she got us off to school she'd start washing on this rub board Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And she'd be rubbing when we got back Interviewer: Hmm 678: All day long and and the deal when you had hard hands The women had to work To wash their dirty #1 Clothes # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Which is so unfair you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And {NW} I can remember Wishing it was yet to be some way easier to do that washing Interviewer: Than that #1 {NW} # 678: #2 And uh # I'd be so sorry for my mama and And would help her a whole lot And then I'd get looking through old catalogs and I I began to see Why you could order Uh {NS} Washers you know {X} One of them was an old {NW} Kind like an old {X} Used to be hand- handles on each side and you'd just push it {X} Round bottom tub didn't {NW} Kind of like a washboard itself Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I thought well if I ever accumulate enough money on my own I'm gonna buy her one of #1 Those # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But I didn't and {C: tape slowing} Then when {C: tape slowing} {X} After I got married and bought my wife a washer {C: tape slowing} My dad {C: tape slowing} Only then bought my wi- uh my mother a washer {C: tape slowing} Interviewer: Oh {C: tape slowing} 678: That must have been in nine {C: tape slowing} {X} Interviewer: Sixty-five percent huh um oh Louise was telling me the other night y'all stayed up until one-thirty in the morning 678: Chill peas Interviewer: Chilling peas #1 I can't believe that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} Oh goodness I got a kick out of that I'm trying to picture you was it {NW} 678: My fingers so sore {X} Black Interviewer: Yes 678: That stuff won't hardly come off and I told her last night I said I didn't have sense enough to {X} #1 Some for # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 678: Just a sore like you'd hit it Interviewer: {NW} Well it's a lot of peas to share them 678: {X} Interviewer: Oh now back to that piece of chicken that you 678: That pully-bone #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 Pully-bone yeah # Now why was it that they wanted to do that what was the 678: Oh it's an old saying an old superstitious idea that you break the pully-bone and uh Want to get the shorter end uh Make Can make a wish and it'll come true Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: That's Interviewer: And that's the one that got the shorter end Would make the wish 678: Could make a wish and come true Interviewer: Uh-huh um what would you like the inside of a chicken like liver and heart and gizzard the parts that you can eat you call it chicken 678: You mean uh the liver Interviewer: Yeah if you were talking about the liver and the gizzard and the heart the things that you can eat you'd say it's you'd be talking about the chicken 678: {X} Interviewer: Innards maybe or would that be a word people would have used 678: I never did use it Interviewer: Did people eat the the Liver and stuff 678: Oh yes used to you'd buy Interviewer: How about on a hog wh- 678: Liver livers are rare you know you buy chicken livers If you can get them Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Lot {NW} Lots of people especially if you was Right out of the hospital and you'd have stomach problems why #1 Chicken liver # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 Was real # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know that # 678: And the gizzard you gotta have good teeth #1 To eat that # Interviewer: #2 To eat that # 678: #1 And the heart it's # Interviewer: #2 And the heart # Well how about on a hog what uh would they eat on the inside of a hog 678: The The three things Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And and I eat I ate {NS} Some of the liver the lights and the kidneys Interviewer: The liver the light 678: I never could stand to even think about eating the lights because they're actually the lungs Interviewer: Oh is that what that is #1 That's # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: The lungs 678: And then I couldn't think of kidneys simply because they were kidneys #1 And what went through them # Interviewer: #2 Oh # {NW} 678: #1 And I over # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {X} #1 On liver # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: When I was about twelve or thirteen year old until this day I won't eat hog liver Interviewer: Oh 678: But I don't see how anyone could eat {NS} Uh {NS} Hog kidneys {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they even castrate hogs you need to cut their Nuts if that's what #1 Oh really they eat that too # Interviewer: #2 Yeah yeah # 678: And they say they're fine I said thanks Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 I couldn't stand it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # No thanks thanks but no thanks 678: I might get hungry enough to but Interviewer: Oh #1 Goodness # 678: #2 The thoughts # Of it Interviewer: #1 Oh I can't believe that # 678: #2 Some of them call them kernels # But uh Interviewer: Oh they call them kernels #1 I never heard that # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: You ever heard of oh excuse me have you ever heard of anything called the melt on the inside of a 678: Yeah I forgot that it's a long strip looks like a tongue Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 And they did melt # Interviewer: #2 What's it called now I'm not # Melt okay 678: It's about so long and So wide and not uh Well not any thicker than this pencil #1 Just # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Looks like a tongue #1 When you cut it # Interviewer: #2 Like a tongue # 678: Mm-hmm but it's the color of liver Interviewer: Oh it's the color of liver do people eat that 678: Oh yeah And I couldn't stand that either Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 So I don't eat # Interviewer: #2 How about # 678: Any of the inner part of the hogs except the brains #1 That's good # Interviewer: #2 Except the brain # 678: I like brains and eggs Interviewer: Brains and eggs #1 I've # 678: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: Never had that I've heard of that 678: It's good #1 I like it # Interviewer: #2 And uh # But I've never tried it I've heard people talk about it um how about the intestines do you know 678: People people eat those or to make chitterlings Interviewer: Oh chit- #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Oh and down in Mississippi they really {X} Go for them Interviewer: Oh do they 678: Yeah they go for lots of chitterlings Interviewer: Oh 678: But and they'll eat the hog feet and hog ears and hog tail Pickle pickle the feet Interviewer: Oh 678: They're they're pretty good I eat some feet occasionally Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But I never could stand the ears because their old ear is so dirty you know #1 Before you # Interviewer: #2 Ew # 678: Before you clean them I never could stand Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Never could I never could believe that they could get them #1 That clean # Interviewer: #2 They could yeah # 678: But the feet I had cleaned the feet and I know you cut you scald them and you cut the toenails off and they really come clean Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But the tail I wouldn't eat it because it's too close to some other #1 Parts # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # The tail #1 I can't believe I can't even imagine that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Goodness um what now with the time to feed your stock and everything you'd say you it's 678: {NW} It's feeding time {NW} Interviewer: How about if people were calling cows in from the pasture how would they call them 678: Mm. {NS} Well now they used many different {NS} Tones that uh They'd they'd just tell us to go call the cows in and Interviewer: How would you call them 678: I don't really remember uh The pigs you know we'd holler piggy piggy Cows we'd say sooey sooey Interviewer: Oh 678: But it's all goes back to the way you train them #1 You can say {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh the way you train them # 678: To the hogs they'd come just as quick #1 If you train them that way # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: Or Now you could call piggy #1 Piggy # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 And then it would be feeding time # Interviewer: #2 If you train # Oh 678: Same way with a Did you know they train catfish in these fish ponds to come to eat by a #1 Bell # Interviewer: #2 No # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # #1 No # 678: #2 That's right # They They've got a certain place they #1 Feed them fish # Interviewer: #2 I never heard that # I never heard 678: {NW} And uh The certain and when they put the feed in there they ring the bell Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh They can ring that bell say they feed at four o clock Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh Visitors are there they'd ring the bell at three o clock and you'd see those fish starting over there the waves flying And they always feed them because they don't want they want them to know that bell is time to eat Interviewer: Oh 678: So they just make it a A exhibition and to call them at twelve o clock they'll feed them #1 Something # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh they'll feed them # 678: But they train those fish to come {NW} Feeding time by the bell Interviewer: #1 Isn't that something I never heard I didn't know I didn't know fish could hear like that # 678: #2 {NW} # Well I didn't either but they sure do it Interviewer: They hear the 678: So they will respond to Interviewer: So the cow would uh whatever if they heard what they thought 678: Was a call Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh now when my horse is out in the lot why I just called them by name Interviewer: Oh you just called #1 Them by name # 678: #2 Just Mike # Or Pearl or I'd say hey Mike Mike and he'd pick up to hear then come here come here When you train them ordinarily {NW} Well you might give them a little niblet of sugar or something see Or you might pet them they like to be petted you know rub them under the Neck And uh but you can train them to Say Come here by their name #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Or a lot of them will whistle But when you whistle if you train them by whistle then you You might whistle and and three or four different ones would respond #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: #1 Because that's their call # Interviewer: #2 I see # Uh-huh 678: But I always called mine the ones that I could train to come by their name Interviewer: And they would know their own 678: #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Name # 678: They would know their name And Go out in the lot I had one mare that was named Pearl and Their their ears were very sensitive Anything with hair in their ears #1 Is very sensitive # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And I'd say Pearl She'd move that one ear you know and I'd holler hey Pearl Prick up her ears and Look around Come here She'd always Interviewer: {NW} 678: Come on up there Interviewer: That's really something 678: And I had one horse that uh Never would come by his Name And he didn't like to be bridled. Put the bridle on him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} But when you'd Start out in the lot with a bridle he'd always go to the far corner of the horse lot And he wouldn't run he'd go there And wait for you And if you didn't uh handle him a certain way he'd he'd {X} and run Interviewer: Oh 678: We learned to put our hand under his Under here and put it on the far side of his head Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And he'd always turn lean his head into that hand #1 Then you could bridle him # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: But if he didn't feel that hand he'd whirl and might even kick you when you #1 Up see # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Goodness 678: #1 So they're they're different # Interviewer: #2 {D: Where did you learn so much about} # 678: Kind of like humans though Interviewer: #1 Yeah animals would be # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Different #1 Well how about if # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: You were wanted a cow to stand still while you were milking it what would you say to the 678: Saw. Interviewer: Oh 678: That was the word they used. Saw. #1 Before they # Interviewer: #2 Well if you # 678: Got her {X} I don't know I wonder where Interviewer: #1 They got that # 678: #2 But I don't think # It had much effect Interviewer: You don't think it had #1 Much effect # 678: #2 Nuh-uh # Interviewer: {NW} 678: They'd still kick you some of them Interviewer: {NW} 678: But we said it anyhow Interviewer: Huh 678: They'd get burrs on their tail #1 And whip their # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Tail and hit you in the face with it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: While he's milking Interviewer: Huh 678: Hurt Interviewer: That is uh what about calling a calf how would they call a calf 678: Calf Interviewer: Uh-huh just the same way 678: Yeah I just I generally call her Well uh we never I just couldn't honestly say that we ever called calves #1 Because we # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: We uh Interviewer: They'd just come #1 When you called the # 678: #2 Well we'd uh # We kept them separate from the milk cow and #1 And he was always # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Ready when you'd #1 To to # Interviewer: #2 Oh # {NW} 678: #1 Nurse his mother you know and # Interviewer: #2 Get right right # 678: When we Got her in ready to Why he was there ready We'd open the gate and he'd run in there and uh we'd let him have what we thought as his portion of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Generally we'd stand there and keep him away from Uh maybe give him one tit #1 You see to suck or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: #1 Maybe maybe # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Two depending on how much the cow gave #1 If she was a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Free milker #1 One would # Interviewer: #2 If she gave a lot of milk # 678: Yeah one would do it Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh we'd just keep him knocked off of the others Or just put our hand up there and let him have the one Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But if taken two well we'd let him have one front one rear To kind of divide it up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we got through well we pulled him off put him Back in Through another door see But far as calling them I don't remember You know what we would call them or how Didn't have to call them they was there ready Interviewer: They was yeah well now if you were plowing with uh mules or horses what would you say to them to get them to turn left and right 678: You uh Turn them right you say gee Interviewer: That'd be right 678: And you turn them left you say haw Just that simple and they learned it too Interviewer: And they learned it well how about if you wanted the horses uh if you wanted to urge a horse on 678: Get up. Get up. Interviewer: Well now would you would that be when he's already moving or when he's staying #1 Still # 678: #2 Either way # Interviewer: Either way 678: It's it's a it's a command uh get up For him to move and if he's not moving fast enough you get a little louder and a little firmer Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then might have to #1 Tap him with a whip # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # How about if you wanted him to stop 678: Just say whoa he knows what that Interviewer: And he'd know that 678: #1 He # Interviewer: #2 Too # 678: knows what that means Interviewer: How about was there anything you'd say if you wanted him to back up 678: Just tell him back up Interviewer: #1 You'd say back up # 678: #2 Back up # I used to tease my horses and I'd say Oh me You know and they'd just stop #1 All of sudden I said # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: You didn't hear me #1 And man they'd start out see # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: {NW} #1 But anything # Interviewer: #2 That's funny # 678: That sounded like whoa Just stopped right then especially if they're tired you know Interviewer: {NW} 678: And more so with mules #1 You know in fact you know I class # Interviewer: #2 Oh even more so with # 678: Mules more like niggers you know Interviewer: Oh #1 Mules # 678: #2 Yeah # They had they they're lot like uh Handling mules Because uh {NW} {X} Comparatively like uh handling a nigger and a horse to a white person Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 Yeah # With their intellect and everything Interviewer: Oh 678: Mules are always ready to kick you Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or to hit you with their head Or run a- run away Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: If they if they think they can get back with it see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or to walk slow Unless you prod them It's a just a whole lot like working niggers Interviewer: Huh 678: Mules are Interviewer: I didn't realize working mules and horses was that different 678: Yeah oh that's why I always like to keep horses because they They would take training better and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Would respond quicker and I just like to work horses Interviewer: How about if people 678: I've had good mules Interviewer: #1 Oh you have # 678: #2 Yeah # Good real good mules but You get a few that's like some of these Burr headed colored people they're just obstinate is all You know Interviewer: Oh that's really interesting I didn't realize they were that much different 678: That goes to show you what mules will do And I never had a horse do that you'd have a {NW} And going down to the Field now we were speaking a while ago of the lanes that led in #1 The fields # Interviewer: #2 Yes # Uh-huh 678: Well when you get into the field you have what you call a turn row Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 You might # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: You might have rows of corn Running here see Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And rows of cotton running here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well you couldn't plow it all with the same Plow so you would plow the cotton and you would turn here and go #1 Back see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: That was your turn row Interviewer: Turn row 678: Well {NW} When you plow out to this turn row these mules have got to go far enough out Let your cultivator wind up here and plow the end Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then they turn But come close to eleven thirty Working mules They'll get to where They'll turn when their head gets here Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 If they don't want you # They'll start Fudging see Interviewer: #1 How come at eleven thirty # 678: #2 They got sense enough to # {NW} Well that's getting close to eating time Interviewer: Oh oh oh 678: And I've had mules just start braying uh horses neigh but mule mules they bray Interviewer: Bray 678: {NW} You know {X} Interviewer: Ah 678: But about eleven thirty they'll throw their head around you'd see their eye #1 Shining # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: They wanting to know if it's about time to eat see Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 Horses # Never Have that problem Never But mules I've worked lots of them that wouldn't They wouldn't take your cultivator out there in the row they'd start grumping back a little bit each time Until they'd start turning when their head got there See they thought they was hurrying that job up Or hurrying noon up Interviewer: {NW} 678: And then about eleven thirty they'd bray Interviewer: #1 And they'd know when it'd be half past eleven # 678: #2 And not all of them but just occasionally # You'd have one to do that And he knew it was time to eat And he'd just be dragging on you'd have to put the whip to him every once in a while Interviewer: Oh 678: And put the whip to him about eleven thirty But now when you turned him out and start him down this turn row toward the barn You'd have to jump on the cultivator and ride because he'd walk so fast you couldn't keep up with him Interviewer: Oh 678: See The horses wouldn't do that #1 They'd use the same gate # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Going to the barn as they use in plowing But now these mules #1 You can believe # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: They were sharp in a dumb way see Interviewer: #1 {NW} That's funny # 678: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Now how would people call chickens at feeding time 678: Chicky chicky chicky Interviewer: Have you ever heard anybody call a sheep you know how they call sheep 678: I've never I've never had any deals with sheep Interviewer: Yeah they probably didn't even have sheep around here I guess 678: Just a few {NW} More of a novelty then Interviewer: Mm-hmm now if you were plowing with uh uh uh with uh mules or horses what would you call what you hold in your hand 678: {NW} Well Interviewer: That you got them with 678: That you got them with Interviewer: Right 678: Them check lines Interviewer: Okay how about riding on horseback what would you 678: Reigns Interviewer: And on a on a saddle well what do you call the part you put your feet into 678: Stirrup Interviewer: Now if you were plowing with two horses uh what would call the one that walks in the furrow 678: {NW} Well he's a lead horse Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: That's what I always called them Interviewer: #1 That's you called them yeah # 678: #2 {NW} # Because he he did take the lead Interviewer: He would take the lead 678: And the other we called the off Interviewer: The off 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Oh 678: And he was not the leader Interviewer: Uh-huh um now if something like a house we were if I ask you where uh somebody lived and it wasn't just right next door but you might say but it's not very far it's just a little 678: Piece little piece most of the way {NW} Instead of saying a little a little ways down the road I've heard them say #1 Little piece down the # Interviewer: #2 Little piece # 678: Road Interviewer: How about if it if it was if it was uh somebody lived long distance you'd say yeah it's quite a 678: Quite a ways Interviewer: Quite a ways they'd probably say that uh 678: You know they don't use words especially like us #1 As much anymore # Interviewer: #2 No # They don't use like quite uh a little piece 678: #1 Little piece you'd say # Interviewer: #2 Like that # 678: Oh it's a {NW} They think in terms of blocks if they've been #1 City # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # 678: People Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or they'll say it's a half a quarter of a Mile Or a hundred yards or #1 So see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # 678: They'd say it's a hundred yards or so If it's rural {NW} And if it goes beyond a hundred yards or so you would say well it's uh Approximately a quarter of a mile #1 See or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 A quarter of a mile which you know exactly see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: But they used to say oh it's uh little ways down there Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 Well in the # 678: #2 {NW} To # To other side of that {X} Tree Interviewer: {NW} That tree over how would they say would the say the tree was over 678: Yeah Interviewer: Over there or over yonder #1 Would they # 678: #2 Uh # That's that's it's just a tub assigned to that {X} tree over yonder Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # {NW} And they'd say oh we're invariably it'd be up down Or out #1 You know you know the # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: old expression is north is up you know that Interviewer: I was I was gonna #1 Ask you about that # 678: #2 West # West is Is uh out Interviewer: Is out 678: South is down and east is over Interviewer: No I didn't know that 678: It's expression. Interviewer: And if a person say lived some place north you'd say #1 They lived up # 678: #2 if they actually # Used the right expression they would say up north Interviewer: Up north 678: #1 Down south # Interviewer: #2 Down south # 678: #1 Out west # Interviewer: #2 West # 678: Or over east Interviewer: Over east 678: And same way with a clock {NW} #1 People don't know don't # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Don't know the expressions of a clock #1 When you take here # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: When this gets up to twelve Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: They would say oh it's always been an expression it's uh It's uh Straight up twelve o clock Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Because both hands are up Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Now when it gets six o clock guess what Straight up and down Interviewer: Straight up and down 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Six o clock 678: Because both hands are Interviewer: Are are upright 678: #1 Up one up one down # Interviewer: #2 Up and down yeah # 678: Straight up and down six o clock or even up twelve Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You'll still hear that expression Interviewer: Sometimes {NS} And and these people will look at their uh 678: Say it's twelve it's uh I've heard them I still hear them say what time you got it's even up twelve o clock #1 You never hear them # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: say it's even up three or four Interviewer: No no 678: Even at twelve o clock or What time you got Right now it's straight up and down six o clock Interviewer: That is Really interesting 678: Old sayings #1 You know and some of them are # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: #1 Still carried on # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {X} 678: And I use a lot of them just for the heck of it Interviewer: Uh-huh just to keep them keep them going 678: #1 Perpetuate them # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah uh if something was real common and you didn't have to look for it in any special place you'd say well you can find that just about 678: Anywhere I reckon Interviewer: And if somebody slipped on the ice like that year the whole town froze over and if somebody slipped on the ice and fell this way you'd say they fell they fell this way #1 Say that # 678: #2 Backwards # Interviewer: And this way you'd say 678: Forwards Interviewer: Um if somebody apologizes for breaking something of yours you'd say well that's alright I didn't like it 678: Anyway Interviewer: And uh uh if there was a little child crying about something you might you might say what's wrong you say what so and so was eating candy and he didn't give me 678: Any Interviewer: Um have you ever heard the the this is another old expression people talking about something that might happen like uh let's say a spoiled child might have trouble like is not have you ever heard like is not 678: #1 Mm-hmm oh yes # Interviewer: #2 used in that way? # 678: I still hear it Interviewer: Oh you do am I using it the right way how would you how would they 678: That's the way Interviewer: They'd say uh 678: Like is not he'll do so and so Interviewer: Like is not he'll have uh-huh uh 678: Or you'll uh There's another old saying that uh Pertineer Interviewer: Pertineer 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh-huh do you still hear that 678: Mm-hmm oh but instead of saying oh They almost uh did so and so Interviewer: Yeah 678: say hey pertineer Interviewer: Oh 678: And you you hear another expression Louise laughs about Her step-daddy using it to Uh Say you was gonna you had done something and He'd say and maybe maybe it was Well if it was between right and wrong he said well that that's not far from wrong Interviewer: That's not far #1 From wrong # 678: #2 From wrong see # Interviewer: Oh 678: So uh really the expression that he was trying to say well you're almost right. Interviewer: You're almost right 678: But uh Interviewer: #1 But he said it the opposite sort of way # 678: #2 He'd say you're not far from wrong # Interviewer: #1 That's interesting # 678: #2 Far from wrong # Interviewer: Um well now when you're talking about plowing now you the the sort of the trenches that a plow cuts you call them the 678: Furrows Interviewer: Um now the second cutting of clover or grass do you know a name for that 678: The s- well just the second crop Interviewer: Second crop how about a name for the old dry dead grass left over on the ground {X} 678: Straw Interviewer: And what would you call a crop that's not planted it just comes up by itself 678: Volunteer Interviewer: Volunteer um now wheat would be tied up into a 678: Shocks Interviewer: Into shocks 678: Used to #1 Don't anymore # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: They used to They used to uh {NW} Well they used to tie it up into Sheaths Interviewer: Oh 678: Little old sheaths and then shock it Interviewer: And then shock it oh they would and then that because that would be #1 Bigger # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Than than the # 678: #2 That's right # Interviewer: #1 Oh I see # 678: #2 You'd take # Several sheaths make one #1 Shock see # Interviewer: #2 And make one shock # Yeah well now uh are they here 678: #1 Oh I'm just seeing someone go by just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Wandering Interviewer: Okay um if you were talking about the amount of wheat you can raise per acre you'd say about 678: So many bushels Interviewer: So many bushels um what's what's easier to to uh thresh oats or wheat do you think 678: I don't know Uh I've helped thrash both but I was young Interviewer: Uh 678: #1 I learned # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: I don't really know Interviewer: Oh the kind of bread now this is gonna be about things that your mother might have made the kind of bread that would be uh baked in loaves you'd call that 678: Called that light bread Interviewer: Light bread 678: Some called it white bread Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: And the and the reason they did is because Way back yonder some of them made barley bread which was #1 dark # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Really barley bread 678: And they would have that distinction Interviewer: Between 678: White bread and brown bread Interviewer: Mm-hmm and brown bread 678: Instead of saying barley or wheat well they'd say white bread or Brown bread but my mother always made it out of wheat so she called it light bread Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 And it # Interviewer: #2 Um # 678: Took her a long while to knead that stuff but it'd #1 Rise # Interviewer: #2 Yeah what would make it # Rise 678: Yeast Interviewer: Oh 678: Put yeast in it. Oh it was quite a problem back then to make light bread #1 That was a rarity # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And was almost a luxury Interviewer: Oh it was 678: Boy it was good Interviewer: Oh I bet it was good 678: I couldn't hardly wait until it got Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 Ready to eat # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh well what now you you mentioned that you had lots of corn bread what else would they make with corn meal 678: Mush Interviewer: Oh mush 678: It's kind of like grits have you eaten grits Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 Being from Georgia # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: You must surely or Mississippi Interviewer: #1 A- well you know actually # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the truth is I come from the part of Georgia up near Tennessee #1 And I had never # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Had grits 678: Hadn't Interviewer: Till I went down to uh visit some people that lived down in Alabama and it was the first I didn't even know what they were because I the part where I lived in Georgia #1 They don't make grits # 678: #2 Well they make grits here in this # {NW} Part of the country south But living up next to Tennessee Uh somehow I've always felt like it Tennessee was a little further advanced. Ahead of the others. #1 My first wife # Interviewer: #2 I yeah # 678: People came from Tennessee and I've always had that closeness Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 For Tennessee # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Because I've known some real Real fine people there I've known some fine people out in Mississippi I'm not running down any #1 Other states but I I # Interviewer: #2 Oh I know I know # 678: I I get a kick out of listening to them Interviewer: {NW} 678: And and many Mississippi They say here #1 Here # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Here 678: And then Tennessee it's here. #1 They go through the nose with it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # #1 Yeah that's right # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 You picked up on that but that's right # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Especially you know we always heard uh we were so close to Chattanooga that all our TV stations and everything were Chattanooga #1 We had # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: We knew more about Tennessee than we did #1 Georgia # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Because we only lived about oh twenty miles below the Tennessee line and uh 678: People down in northern Mississippi Are different from the uh #1 The old and middle Mississippi # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 678: #1 Much different # Interviewer: #2 Yeah it's it's # Really different it really is 678: #1 We # Interviewer: #2 Talk # 678: Spent four years down in just uh north of Jackson Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh They were middle The heart of Mississippi Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And and that's where I Studied them so closely and and and and I say they're a breed of their own {NW} They're just different Different people they're good people Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 I I love them but they they're different # Interviewer: #2 But it is different # Mm-hmm 678: And they'd uh they'd use the words Here. Sir. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And in Tennessee I noticed my wife she always cut That here #1 But it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Went through their #1 Nose # Interviewer: #2 But went through their nose that's right # #1 I know I've heard it # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um would they uh did when you were a this is off the subject why we were on with mush but I'll get back to it in a minute I just happened to think about it when you were a boy did they always teach you to say yes sir and no sir and all that 678: Absolutely Interviewer: To always now would it would be to grown ups you'd have to 678: To grown-ups Interviewer: Any grown-up you'd say uh 678: Any person As I recall any person When I was let's say when I was Eight uh That's when I remembered mostly was the time I was seven or eight year old I remembered everything But from then until I was uh a teenager Anyone that was married was mister and missus Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And it was no sir Yes sir or no ma'am and yes ma'am Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There's another car dadgummit Interviewer: You got somebody else coming 678: I don't know maybe they just #1 Turning around # Interviewer: #2 Maybe they're just turning around # 678: #1 Or pulling # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Well n- mush you said it was something like grits 678: In the in one way grits you know you eat with your breakfast food but #1 Mush # Interviewer: #2 Mush # 678: Is a is a concoction that uh just I don't know what they put in there besides meal but they just boiled it and boiled it and boiled it and then you eat it With milk Interviewer: With milk anything else they'd make with corn meal 678: Oh well they made uh they made uh what they called fried corn batter Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh It was different from the corn bread I think it was mixed similar but you just You cooked it more hurriedly by frying Interviewer: #1 By frying it # 678: #2 it see # Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever hear of anything called a corn dodger 678: Yeah but it's it still tastes like the corn bread it depends on Oh why this Dodger I think they cooked in little round uh So and sos. Interviewer: Little round 678: The corn bread could be cooked in a big pan or in little old individual Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But the corn dodger I I I never really ate what what I think was known as corn dodger but we would refer to it my mama's corn bread as corn dodger Interviewer: #1 Oh you did # 678: #2 But # But I don't think Interviewer: That that was actually what 678: I don't really think that's what uh The real #1 Corn dodger was # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: A corn dodger was more or less Crusted all around #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # 678: {NS} And the Corn bread you know was crusted maybe on top but down the bottom had just a thin Interviewer: Just a thin crust 678: #1 Crust mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 On the bottom # How about uh hush puppies did they 678: They cooked those with fish that's made out of corn meal Interviewer: Mm-hmm they did they used to they did cook those back then 678: Still still cook them well now I never ate ate any Hush puppies until Oh first I remember eating about twenty years ago #1 Something like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Maybe maybe they made them but Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I wasn't #1 Familiar # Interviewer: #2 How about # Anything that like after they cook the lard the that would the cracklings stuff 678: Cracklings Interviewer: Did they do any 678: Well now they made some crackling bread too Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But I never did care for that Lot of people eat {X} Crackling but that's too greasy and grimy for me Interviewer: That sounds greasy oh 678: And uh what it was #1 I # Interviewer: #2 Well how about # 678: I don't think it's good for you really the {X} Still strong because I #1 A lot of # Interviewer: #2 Because you didn't # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: #1 A lot of that uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Lot of food that I think {D: deteriorating} People's body Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Made them fat #1 I didn't eat # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Yeah maybe #1 That # 678: #2 Course # I'm a little bit fat but uh Interviewer: #1 Oh no no it's how come you have the strong muscles # 678: #2 They're solid they're solid # Interviewer: #1 That's what I want to know # 678: #2 They're solid # Interviewer: You have such strong muscles in your arm that's for I can't believe um now this would be something that's fried in deep fat and it has a hole in the middle They cut out a hole in the middle kind of sweet kind of a sweet thing they used to make them homemade I don't think people make them homemade anymore 678: What's it made from Interviewer: Uh uh I I dough kind of stuff and uh 678: I don't know Interviewer: Uh well do you ever remember making homemade doughnuts 678: Oh yes Interviewer: They would they did make those 678: My sisters Interviewer: Oh 678: Mother never did Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But uh as we grew a little more modern why My sisters learned how to make doughnuts Interviewer: Oh they did 678: And this sister that I referred to That uh In my memoirs Interviewer: Yes 678: She just died two years #1 Ago # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: She She was always Concocting something new to eat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: She would get any kind of recipe and {NS} And try to make something. She liked to cook Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I was ready to eat it #1 And try it out # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: She'd. I was her tester Interviewer: You were her guinea pig that's funny 678: Yeah she taught me to drink coffee #1 I guess I was about six # Interviewer: #2 Yeah that's what {X} # 678: Year old and she Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: She's five year older than me and and there was uh It was my sisters uh when one married and left then the next one was a cook Interviewer: Oh that's the way it worked 678: One thing my my dad Took care of my mother now she worked like a dog like most women back then But she didn't have to get up and cook the breakfast unless she wanted to Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: The girls When they become About twelve year old if they would host the home they was the cook Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And my sister Georgia had fall in that category and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And she'd get me to get up with her #1 And she said # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Get up and I'll give you some coffee Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {D: Man to hell with her I'd go} Interviewer: {NW} 678: And she'd She'd go down and get that old smoked ham and there's nothing tastes as good as {NS} The the type of ham we used to put on the smoke with the sassafras and hickory smoke And she'd cut down through that and get a great chunk of it and make that brown gravy and those hot biscuits and Hot coffee #1 And man I'd just # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: I'd go for that Interviewer: {NW} You'd go for that oh it sounds like really you used to have really good #1 Food # 678: #2 Yes # We did Interviewer: You had good 678: {X} {NW} We put up so much fruit that uh you could almost well we had blackberry Jelly blackberry jam just cooked whole #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Grapes Apples uh peach preserves and man ain't nothing better than peach preserves you know Uh honey we Well you had any kind of sweets you wanted Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we didn't have the fancy meats we didn't have bacon and such but we had uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: What we called side meat Interviewer: #1 Oh you did # 678: #2 This uh this # Salt meat but later we we learned how to make bacon but this salt meat was Exceptionally good #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And we had lo- we had We would put up Lots of hams and shoulders and they'd hang on up into the summer you know #1 Wouldn't they wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 Oh # And they wouldn't even 678: No they wouldn't Interviewer: Spoil 678: No wouldn't spoil at all and we'd sell this side meat during the winter {NS} If we knew we had more than we wanted we'd #1 Sell it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: See Interviewer: Oh and it never got spoiled 678: Mm-mm no these hams hang there all summer long Interviewer: And never did 678: They looked rusty as all get out Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} But you just take a A knife and slice the outside off where it had been smoked #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Prettiest reddest meat #1 You've ever seen # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # 678: It uh You know out west especially they used to make what they called jerky #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: The old cowboys and the ranchers they They dry this beef you know for medicine And that's what they called jerky But they'd cut that into long strips and dry it And they'd just put that in the sack or in those saddle bags And they would draw it maybe to see something like that #1 Long # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: But then when they'd start boiling it it might get out that long see Interviewer: Oh 678: Had a. It was all tough the tail meat. #1 But uh # Interviewer: #2 All tough # 678: But but it was tough {X} Jerky it don't matter if it was out of a young Deer or a young #1 Cow # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} #1 Or calf # Interviewer: #2 It would be tough # 678: After it was put in the form of jerky it was still tough. But very nourishing #1 Very nourishing # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Huh 678: And that's what the old cowboys would Interviewer: Yeah 678: They'd carry the coffee cup along boil them some coffee and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Had a little old um Pan of a thing or {D: or a stirrer} But they'd uh Boil this jerky #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} and carry cold biscuits and. Month old You know Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 Soap them up and that's their that was their food # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Well um 678: Which shows that it's uh After all you get the the quality Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And the quantity together why you were alright Interviewer: Well um did you ever have at breakfast time sometimes uh like they make up a batter and fry like three or four 678: Pancakes #1 Oh boy yeah # Interviewer: #2 Pancakes # 678: Yeah {X} We didn't we didn't eat those for breakfast #1 We ate them # Interviewer: #2 Oh you didn't # 678: Nah we uh Lots of time we'd eat those what we called our supper meal Interviewer: Oh 678: If we if we uh I believe I told you sometimes during the snow and the cold weather we'd sleep a little late And mom she'd get up and {NW} Fix the breakfast and it'd be nine or #1 Ten o clock before we get to eat # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Uh-huh 678: Well then we'd wait until Four or five in the afternoon it began to get dark and we'd begin to mill around and want something to eat {NW} And that's when she'd cook the pancakes and she could make those things the size of the skillet Interviewer: Oh really 678: Man the finest pancakes I I just don't never eat any like she made #1 I don't know what she done to them # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: But boy you'd get Two she'd give us two at at time Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 And you couldn't cook them # Interviewer: #2 Two at a time # 678: #1 Fast you can now we had to # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Sort of eat uh in relays Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} Of course my dad ate first Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That always #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah that was I remember you # 678: #1 Eat first # Interviewer: #2 Said that # Yeah 678: And then the oldest child #1 That that was the only # Interviewer: #2 And then the oldest child # 678: Way you could be fair you know #1 Was take them by age # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: So but I know when it'd come my time why she'd hand me two pancakes the size of the skillet And she'd have all this Good butter really good #1 Butter and sorghum molasses # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Mm-hmm 678: Sometimes we'd buy Uh what we called log cabin syrup back then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But that was a rarity we just done it to uh You know for a little bit different #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: We all got plenty of sorghum and pancakes with butter and sorghum was much better than pancakes with the syrup you buy Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Well which one # 678: #2 It's thicker # Interviewer: I also was gonna ask you which is thicker 678: #1 Oh the sorghum # Interviewer: #2 Molasses # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: #1 You can get uh # Interviewer: #2 Molasses # 678: Yeah. Sorghum molasses you can You can make it uh All as thick as you want but during the winter you could dip into that and pull it up and And with your spoon and it'd be Just hang on you know just hang on Interviewer: And molasses wouldn't #1 Do that # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Not like syrup you know just pour it out Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But these sorghum sometime you'd have to heat them to Get them to where they'd pour {NS} Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 It'd be that thick # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah they'd get during cold weather it'd be so thick wouldn't pour out of we used to keep them in little uh Uh crock jugs You've seen the old pictures of I guess of the old gray jug with the brown top Interviewer: With the brown top 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And that's where you'd keep the #1 Molasses # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah Interviewer: Huh um now if you cooked eggs in hot water you left the shell on them and cooked them in hot water you'd call them 678: Boiling Interviewer: {NW} 678: Boiling Interviewer: Um 678: Boiled eggs #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 Boiled eggs # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Now what would you call in the inside part of the egg 678: Yolk Yellow Interviewer: The yellow or the yo- yeah uh-huh 678: Why I remember I remember When I was a kid here and talking about the yeller #1 Yeller of an egg # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Uh-huh #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 And uh # You know I {NW} Not knowing the word why I was calling it yeller Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: And my mama said that's not yeller son that's yellow #1 I said no # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: #1 {D: Not in Garfield Burr} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 {D: Garfield Burr} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 {D: See he was from Nashville} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {X} From Alabama that's #1 {D: Some of his whiskey major} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 Garfield # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Called it yeller #1 She said well # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: There's a lot of words they don't pronounce #1 Right and then later on she # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Said well they Call it yolk she said that's what most people #1 Call it yolk # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {X} Interviewer: That's great 678: #1 That was easier to say # Interviewer: #2 That's great # For Garfield 678: But I thought Garfield was right see Interviewer: Garfield knew everything 678: He was older than I Interviewer: Right Garfield knew the the whole thing that's funny if you cracked an egg in hot water and then cooked them in the water you'd call them 678: Poached Interviewer: Now you were talking about this this uh salt meat now would that be would you use that in say if you were cooking uh 678: #1 Beans # Interviewer: #2 Beans # 678: Or anything Interviewer: And you call that uh 678: Uh uh Interviewer: Would that be the same thing as what have you ever heard of fat back 678: Fat back mm-hmm {NW} And uh I'm trying to think of what my mama used to call that though when she put in the beans But she'd cut up some of that side meat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And boil it right along with the bean #1 I can't think # Interviewer: #2 And boil it # 678: Of what she called it but it was uh Oh it was uh Interviewer: Salt meat or salt 678: Yeah It was salt meat but I'm #1 Trying to think of the word # Interviewer: #2 But she had another name # 678: She had to express The difference between that and just straight cooked #1 Beans # Interviewer: #2 And just straight cooked # 678: #1 I just can't uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh oh I see # Um what the the meat between the ham and the shoulder you call that the 678: Between the Interviewer: The ham and the shoulder 678: Well Now there's several kinds Interviewer: Oh oh 678: You mean There's actually a ham of a hog's #1 Shoulder # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: Well you've got the spare ribs Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then you have the side meat #1 That's where you get your side meat # Interviewer: #2 The side meat # That's where the side 678: {NW} And then uh When you fresh butcher You get tenderloin Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or backbone Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You got a choice now you can take the Backbone and cut it And leave the tenderloin on it which is the best Meat in the world I think But you strip off the tenderloin it could be Piece of meat that thick That wide and That long depending on the hole And uh Then you would just have backbone with scarcely a little bit of meat left Interviewer: Oh it would have scarcely any meat 678: That's right but they usually took the tenderloin off Interviewer: Took the tenderloin off 678: When you make backbone as such why you leave the tenderloin on and it's Wonderful eating And ribs the same way you can cut uh you can cut those ribs and leave part of the tenderloin or part of the side meat on them and get Plenty of meat or you can Uh You can Leave it onto the side meat and on the #1 Tenderloin you'll come out # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: A bunch of rib bones with barely meat On it see Interviewer: Yeah #1 Well anything # 678: #2 And then the neck # Of the hog #1 There's lots of good eating in the neck # Interviewer: #2 In the oh in the neck # 678: And the head you know they make hog head cheese Interviewer: Oh I was gonna ask you about that do they do anything with the head 678: Hog head cheese Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Takes lots of work for that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Lots of work Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: It's a very rare dish Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: People I don't imagine they fool with it much anymore #1 They don't # Interviewer: #2 No probably not # 678: Take that time but Time was uh Wasn't all that important #1 Then # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: You you made this hog head cheese because it'd keep all winter long and you knew that was food for the table. Interviewer: Uh-huh Well now on uh do you remember on the bacon there used to be uh something that they'd have to cut off they have to on the 678: On the what Interviewer: On the bacon if you had bacon 678: The yeah the rind Interviewer: Oh the #1 Rind # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: They'd have to cut that off 678: You didn't have to but But it was so tough you couldn't #1 Chew it # Interviewer: #2 Oh it was tough # 678: But Pe- Some people ate it anyhow #1 Rind and all yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh they did # Oh they did 678: But I now there again I was always peculiar about my eating when you have when you have uh The rind left on a hog His hair grows out of that rind just like it grows out of our scalp Interviewer: Oh that's #1 Right # 678: #2 And uh we could # You know When they when we butchered hogs we scalded them don't know if you knew that or not Interviewer: No 678: {NW} Well the first thing we'd do we'd shoot them with a twenty two rifle Twenty nine would hit their brain Then we'd uh run over there and we'd cut his throat cross wise Or And and then get get him in the heart or some of them just Go right in here with a long butcher knife you had no right to hardly reach that heart you didn't why you Cut into the shoulder and you had damaged meat in that shoulder Most of the time you'd hit that heart and the blood would squirt from here to the Wall And uh that bled him and made his wheat Uh meat uh white you see Interviewer: Oh 678: And then Time that was over why your water was supposed to be hot and you put him in the barrel to we'd have a barrel and Build it slim Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But {D: the log was something over here} Fill that with water and then two men get ahold of this old hog and they'll soak him down in there Turn him over. Work him up and down Interviewer: Oh 678: And then change hands with him and scald another and then they'd get down and If you had enough men two or three of them would take a Knife to start scrape Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that hair would come off Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh but it left uh If it didn't get a good scald Why then you had to pull the hair or kind of cut it off with a sharp knife like shaving Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And that's the reason I was always afraid to eat the rind. Afraid of those hairs. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Afraid or afraid of what they might do to me and then the thoughts of eating #1 Hairs # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Oh 678: So I always cut the rind off of But my mama would cut this side meat and leave the rind on it which they did a lot of #1 Times # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Because it added a flavor they claimed for the meat But you always had a choice of taking Cutting that rind off and feeding it to the dog see Interviewer: {NW} 678: That's what I would do I was always a peculiar nut I guess about my Interviewer: {NW} 678: About my eating #1 Still am # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well uh if you took hog meat and ground it up and put oh peppers and stuff in it what would they call that ` 678: Chow. Uh uh Interviewer: If they spiced it all up 678: Hog chow Hog chow is what we called it Interviewer: Oh 678: You talking about the hog head or the Interviewer: Or any part #1 Of it # 678: #2 Any part of it # Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We called it uh hog chow Interviewer: Hog 678: I don't know if that's uh Interviewer: Huh 678: Uh #1 The national name for it or not # Interviewer: #2 Now how how would that # Be different uh how would that differ from sausage 678: Oh from sausage #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Well now What I referred to the hog chow was uh Grinding up the rind Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: The ears Interviewer: The ears #1 All those parts yeah # 678: #2 And all that and # And mixing it with uh Vinegar and uh pepper Interviewer: Oh 678: And that was uh hog chow #1 But what you're # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Referring to is sausage Interviewer: Is sau- I see 678: Now there again you you choose uh mostly lean meat Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And this tenderloin that I'm talking about Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Mixed in with some of the side meat #1 Gives you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: A good blend Interviewer: Oh 678: You get it too fat It was just too lardy hog lard is Real greasy Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh if you get too much side meat why you get Too much grease and you could start with a sausage so big around and wind up with one that big #1 around when it's cooked see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: And uh that's true with it with this you buy where they put too much oatmeal and stuff in it #1 And you wind up # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: With a little bitty sausage {NS} But if you put plenty of tenderloin there and then you put your red peppers and black peppers and maybe some cinnamon a little from the Interviewer: Oh 678: Something just to kind of Make it taste a little Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And we used to sack sausage uh Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Put them in sacks Hang them up Get the flies away from them They'd keep way up into the spring Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And if we saw that Interviewer: And it never got spoiled 678: Mm-mm If we had uh {NW} A great Great amount of sausage Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We my mama and her daughters and all would get together and cook sausage Maybe two days at a time and can them Just like Interviewer: Oh 678: Just the where we had Lots of half a gallon {X} And they would fill this full of sausage and then Pour hot grease over it And then you would have about so much of a Pure lard settled over them and that It's the same thing sort of like uh uh deep freezing #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: This uh this grease uh settled in over them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then Way up in the summer you could open a can of that and they the sausage just as fresh as the day that they were cooked see Interviewer: Gosh that I never heard that out of a can 678: So many ways that they had to do #1 That was # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: The hard way really Interviewer: Well did meat ever get spoiled 678: Oh gosh yes I wouldn't even begin to tell you how nasty some of it had got. Maggots in it. Interviewer: {NW} 678: Yeah I've had I lost meat to {NS} But you you see the first thing you do you salt it down you put it in a box and cover it with salt Interviewer: {NW} 678: But {NW} Aux 1: Um Frida's here and we're going over there and getting her ready and Newt's 678: #1 Okay # Aux 1: #2 Supposed to take # Is he supposed to take her up there to the doctor 678: Newt I think is gonna come and take her {NW} #1 Hi Frida # Aux 1: #2 {X} # Said she refused to take her to the doctor Aux 2: I'm not going to 678: Well she's got to He he couldn't Talk to this doctor Frida Aux 2: {X} 678: They just refuse to talk and she said that uh She'd come up there and whether she has an appointment see And she'll fill her appointment Then she'll tell her whether she needs to go to the hospital And uh Newt said he's gonna check her in but he's afraid to check her in afraid they'll charge it to him I said just tell them no I said just take her up there and say here she is {NW} And if they want you to sign something don't sign it And uh I said they're not gonna turn her away they may raise Cane about it But I said if they get to raising Cane just ask for Ben Owens he's the manager of the hospital And tell him that you positively are not going to put your name on this and she's just {X} That they want her alright And if they refuse her I'm going to the newspaper and let the whole country know what happened And I said they'll take her {NW} Aux 1: {X} Aux 2: That's where she needs to be in a mental health 678: Yeah Aux 2: {X} 678: Yup Aux 2: That's where {X} Needs to 678: #1 She could # Aux 2: #2 Go # 678: Ever get her mind off of Dwight Aux 1: Well that's like I said this morning that's what's tearing her apart is thinking he's not coming back 678: Well you all just deal firmly with her now that's the only way you can deal with her Aux 1: I thought he will Aux 2: No he ain't Aux 1: He always has Aux 2: He told Grace he was done Aux 1: I've heard him 678: Oh I've heard him say that more and more #1 Frida's # Aux 1: #2 He was # Right here with his parents when her mama died and and he never went even up to see her mama or nothing he was ready to go back and she threw such a darn fit {X} 678: Excuse me excuse {X} Interviewer: Oh is that 678: #1 Just like she's # Interviewer: #2 What you mean # 678: Gonna go fishing or something Interviewer: You mean you'd do that after the coffee 678: #1 After we # Interviewer: #2 Thing # 678: After we have our coffee of the morning Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NW} We'd always make Seven or eight cups Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And I'll drink a couple cups and maybe Louise'll drink one then we'll kill that thermos jug And we'd have coffee all day if we Interviewer: Well now that's 678: #1 Really far # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Yeah and and it doesn't get stronger that way see Interviewer: That's right because if you leave it in the percolator it would get stronger 678: Oh yeah get just #1 Black and I can't stand it # Interviewer: #2 {D: That's plain and funny} # And that was because thermoses normally we don't use them except just when we go off some 678: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 Place # And that's a good use for them because uh they're wasted #1 Otherwise # 678: #2 Keep uh # Interviewer: That's good 678: Thermos jug that I take fishing with me it uh it's got coffee every day in it almost all day {NW} Interviewer: Gosh that's really good um well now if your meat's been kept too long and it's gone bad you'd say the meat has gotten 678: Spoiled Interviewer: Now if it was but if you were talking about butter if you kept it too long you'd say it had gotten 678: Stale Interviewer: Stale #1 Um # 678: #2 And boy it's # {X} Said it smells rancid {NW} Interviewer: It smells what 678: Rancid that's what they #1 say about it yeah # Interviewer: #2 Rancid is # 678: {NW} They'd say it smells rancid boy it sure do smell rancid Interviewer: Rancid I never heard that {NW} 678: Did you want anything in your coffee Interviewer: I don't take anything {NS} 678: Tell you oh We've had some what we call cow's milk uh my oldest Grandson Dwayne's boy #1 Uh he # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: His mother in law lived up here the other side of Paragould he went up to visit with her and Couldn't talk plain And he couldn't say grandfather so he called me faw-faw #1 That's what he and that's what # Interviewer: #2 Faw-faw # 678: They all #1 Called me # Interviewer: #2 That's what # Is that what they 678: #1 Yeah faw-faw # Interviewer: #2 All called you # 678: And Uh Just to make conversation with him when he came back I said son they Feed you good up there and he kind of turned his nose up said oh pretty good faw-faw Interviewer: {NW} 678: I said what'd you have to eat he said well we We had some biscuits And he said some kind of old meat and he was talking referring to side meat #1 Then see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And then he said you know we had to drink old cow's milk #1 See he'd # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Grown up in city and got that milk out of {NW} #1 Out of boxes # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 And he went # Interviewer: #2 Because he didn't even know # 678: No he didn't know it had come from a cow and he went with them To milk and {NW} And And he wouldn't drink it He said Interviewer: #1 He wouldn't he # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: He didn't drink it 678: He said he just couldn't drink it He said I just couldn't drink that old cow's milk Interviewer: Oh 678: And I said why son that's uh that's what you drink out of these bottles and explained to him and he he was about Oh four year old I reckon Interviewer: {NW} 678: He still uh still laughs about that #1 Cow's milk # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh that's funny um if you ever heard of people taking cooking the liver and then grinding it up and making something with it 678: No Interviewer: Okay how about the blood have you ever heard anybody make anything #1 Out of the # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Blood 678: Yeah but I don't know what they called it Because I didn't even want #1 To talk about that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # You didn't even want to talk about that how about something that when they take the the the hog head or 678: Hog head cheese Interviewer: Yeah and then they take the juice from it and stir it with uh corn meal have you ever heard of anything 678: Yeah but I can't think what they called it Interviewer: Uh how about um let's see what there's #1 Something like they call # 678: #2 See if they've got a name for it # Interviewer: Scrapple have you ever heard? #1 Or cribble? # 678: #2 No I haven't. # Interviewer: Or anything? 678: No I haven't uh I know they make hog head cheese but uh Uh the other I don't know {NW} Interviewer: Now a pie is baked in a deep dish like maybe with it'd have like a layer of crust and then 678: That's cobbler Interviewer: Cobbler 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah well did you ever know of your mother making something to pour over the cobbler did she ever make a 678: Not that I know of Interviewer: Anything called a sauce or a dip 678: {NW} Well Now I've heard of it but my mother didn't well she Interviewer: #1 Oh now you have heard it # 678: #2 just she just made # She made the pure old cobbler with enough juice in there #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} But uh {NS} I have uh Well I'll be Louise has made cobblers and put put something over the top Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: All I do is eat them I don't cook them Interviewer: {NW} But have you heard people call that a sauce 678: No #1 I don't really know what they called it # Interviewer: #2 Or the dip # Um 678: {NW} Interviewer: And if somebody has a real good appetite you say he sure likes to put away his 678: Food Interviewer: Um how about food that's taken between your regular meals you call it 678: Well snack {X} Interviewer: And 678: {NW} I think they call them brunch now don't they Interviewer: Oh brunch between 678: #1 Breakfast and dinner # Interviewer: #2 Breakfast and lunch # 678: Lunch Interviewer: Breakfast with dinner and they 678: I told them I didn't care what they called as long as it was food Interviewer: {NW} As long as you could eat it um when you drank water at the table what did they drink it out of 678: Glasses {NW} #1 Just some # Interviewer: #2 Like in # 678: Gold glasses Interviewer: Just like the ones we have today did they ever have any big heavy ones or anything 678: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 Had special # 678: They had mugs too Interviewer: Oh they did 678: {NW} They had big heavy mugs like uh Well I guess you would refer to them as maybe beer mugs or or root beer mugs #1 But uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: They were regular Dining table mugs And that was mostly for the children Interviewer: Oh were they hard to 678: #1 Because they # Interviewer: #2 Crack # 678: They well they could drop them and wouldn't break them and they had a handle #1 For them to hold see # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Have you ever broken one 678: {NW} Never have Interviewer: You've never 678: No. Never have but uh I don't remember Our family having {X} Maybe just a few and I don't know Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Why but we always just used the regular #1 Glasses # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: The mug was more or less of a rarity if we wanted one we'd get it but Interviewer: Now if a glass fell off the sink though it probably 678: Would break and the mug probably wouldn't Interviewer: And if 678: We didn't have sinks back then Interviewer: Oh you didn't have oh of course you didn't Not that 678: They may have up in cities #1 And big cities # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: But uh {NS} No sinks around this part of the country then Interviewer: Now 678: They had what they called a cook table Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {X} And that's generally what they #1 Done their cooking on # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Instead of cabinets there wasn't no building cabinets Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Had safes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or actually Shelves on the walls for Uh extra dishes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Sometimes that just had a curtain Over it no doors Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm um if uh if the if you had like your uh supper was on the table and uh the kids were standing around and uh mother didn't want them to keep on standing she'd well just go ahead and 678: Eat You mean just what {NW} Interviewer: Eat or 678: #1 Just thinking of # Interviewer: #2 Or # 678: Before they eat Interviewer: Right before they eat uh if if they were standing up and she didn't want them to keep standing up 678: Oh she'd just tell them to be seated Interviewer: Be seated 678: Start eating Interviewer: Uh-huh um 678: She wouldn't have to tell them to be seated just say eat #1 They they they # Interviewer: #2 Just they they know # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # If you were passing around uh the maybe if you had company there and you were passing around some food you might tell a person well just go ahead and 678: Serve yourself Interviewer: Serve yourself 678: Or have so and so Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Help yourself to so and so Interviewer: Um if you decided not to eat something that was passed around you might say well no thank you I don't believe I 678: That's what you should say But uh {NW} Used to have an old boy to come home with me And We had a large enough table that He would always sit in the middle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 Pass it to # Interviewer: #2 Oh he sat # 678: Him instead of him saying no thanks Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or taking the whole bowl and passing it he'd just lean away back and get away from it {NW} Interviewer: Oh no 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh that's funny well would they say I don't and you'd say no thank you I don't 678: Care #1 For it # Interviewer: #2 Don't care for it # Or something like that 678: You know another thing thing Mary that that and I remember this very Very distinctly and And I don't remember when we made the The change but my mother would put The food on the table Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Always lots of it it was good food Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But we ate one thing at a time Interviewer: Oh you 678: #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 Did # 678: Where we you would take a helping of everything we want Interviewer: Oh 678: Each and everything if if we don't want it we don't put it on our plate but Each and everything that we want that's on the table we we take a portion into our plate But then if we had fried potatoes we ate fried potatoes Interviewer: And 678: And then if we want some gravy and biscuits we we #1 Ate the gravy and biscuits # Interviewer: #2 You ate that # But not at the 678: #1 And we ate # Interviewer: #2 Table # 678: The meat well by itself Or with the gravy But we'd never take a piece of meat And some gravy And some cream #1 Potatoes # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: And maybe some green beans all like that on a a plate one time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I don't even remember when I went through the transition of going to that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Just {NW} And but that was the practice Of every family that I ever visited when I was #1 A child # Interviewer: #2 They know all the other # Families 678: That's right they they just fill that table full of food and Interviewer: Hmm 678: And uh you would dip in and get whatever Amount of potatoes uh however they was fixed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you ate those They'd all have bread with them because people ate lots of bread back then Interviewer: Oh they did 678: Lots of bread Interviewer: Lot more than they do now 678: I think so Interviewer: Um 678: I well I I would I would I'd say that there's individuals now that eat as much Interviewer: #1 Right # 678: #2 But # Then almost everyone ate lots of bread Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Now that some people don't eat bread at all sometimes we don't even put bread on our table Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: And I did it to keep from getting fat and I love bread Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But I just {X} Done it because I could cut down that much Interviewer: Right 678: I got to where I do eat {NW} Toast of uh for breakfast now #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Once in a while we'll fix biscuits but Unless we have company here We seldom have bread on the table Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And and sometimes we're embarrassed we have company and and I'll see them looking around while Louise {X} Think of bread Interviewer: Yeah I don't ever think of it either because I never need to eat any 678: And and I never think to offer a fellow an ash tray because they don't #1 Smoke # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Me either 678: I don't #1 Smoke and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: {NW} And uh sometimes uh man get in here smoking until I can't hardly walk out that door Interviewer: Oh 678: I can't stand it Interviewer: I can't stand that either um oh if you had uh if you heated up some food that you'd already cooked you'd say that food 678: Well you mean warm it over Interviewer: Warmed over 678: That's what they did for What we call supper #1 We used to never # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Refer to it as dinner #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: I still use the word supper #1 Because # Interviewer: #2 Supper # 678: Well several reasons one reason uh to me it's still supper Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And another reason that uh a lot of other people it's still supper if you refer to dinner Uh so many people so well he's talking about twelve o clock Interviewer: Right 678: See Interviewer: Right that's right 678: I try to I try to think the people that I'm around Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 What they would say # 678: #2 But if I'm # With what I call some of the {D: elps} Are how you say it Have an aunt that talked with people that were rich #1 Or had more she'd say well they're they're some of the {D: elps} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh your aunt did 678: Uh-huh so #1 if uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: If I'm around some people #1 That I think are # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Are up you know uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: And I don't mean that as high hat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Necessarily but Up on their etiquette or their Knowledge of the way of life why I'll say well uh it's time for dinner or what I had for dinner And I know they know what I'm talking about Interviewer: Right 678: See Interviewer: Um what peas and beets and carrots and things like that you call them 678: Vegetables #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 Vegetables right # 678: #1 I thought you meant a concoction # Interviewer: #2 Now # No no um 678: Vegetables Interviewer: Well would would would they grow ve- like a if little plot around your house where you 678: Garden in your yard Interviewer: Would they mostly would everybody mainly have those 678: Back then back #1 When I was young # Interviewer: #2 They did # 678: Why that was part of your living Interviewer: That was part of your living 678: You didn't grow a garden people wondered what was wrong with you Interviewer: Mm-hmm well what 678: Well there was something #1 Wrong # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Because Interviewer: {NW} 678: They they had they didn't have jobs to Go out and buy this that and the other and you couldn't go to the store and buy Vegetables like you can #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: No such thing as a meat box #1 Or a vegetable # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} Counter anything you bought uh At the store was uh Uh dried beans and Flour and #1 Sugar and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And uh Bologna they used to make it in sticks that big around and they'd hang from the ceiling and they'd just cut you off #1 A slice of it # Interviewer: #2 Oh # They would 678: Yeah but they didn't have no meat boxes They they'd have an old big I call it trough but it'd be an old wooden big wooden box back there that they'd keep this side meat flat in #1 It'd be # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Covered with salt Interviewer: Would be covered with salt 678: Yeah and uh They'd cut you off a chunk you'd say oh give me about a piece about so wide they'd cut that off and go to the scales and weigh it and that's what you owed for {NW} Sometimes they'd buy a whole side {NS} But far as going to the store and running to the store say run down to the store and get me so and so you didn't do it Interviewer: You didn't do #1 That # 678: #2 Wasn't # When I was about Seven or eight or nine my mama would send me to town With a couple dozen eggs and hope that I didn't break them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh She'd buy a loaf of light bread #1 The stores would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Keep a few loaves of light bread #1 But now # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: They didn't pick those breads up every day because it was old. That bread would stay in that store all week And and it didn't mold like it does #1 Now they assumed # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Something about it didn't didn't mold like it does when it gets old Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I remember going to town one day and getting our loaf of bread and a gallon of vinegar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that vinegar was so heavy we'd carry it back in that old glass Interviewer: Oh in 678: #1 Jar # Interviewer: #2 Glass # 678: #1 And I'd have # Interviewer: #2 Jar uh-huh # 678: A taste of that stuff every once in a while I liked the smell of it not taste of it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And this bread smelled so good #1 That one time # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: I was Was tempted and {NW} Ate the whole end out of #1 A loaf of that bread # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: And I just knew every bite I would #1 Would steal # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: That that's one more lick I would #1 Get # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: And I didn't dare to go home #1 But I had to go and so I went home and handed her that loaf of bread and I'd ate down maybe that far in it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: And she didn't uh didn't do anything to me Interviewer: She didn't 678: Told me said that was uh They didn't use the word uh sanitary Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Sanitary they'd just say that's kind of a nasty thing #1 To do # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: To do now she said everybody else would have to Eat where you #1 Have eaten # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: But she didn't whip me for it and Interviewer: Oh she didn't 678: But she scolded me and shamed me until I said well I won't do that anymore But very seldom did we have light bread Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: They cooked the biscuits #1 For the breakfast # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} We'd eat those warmed over for Dinner and uh if she'd had enough she wouldn't make the corn bread #1 But if we # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: If she made corn bread for Uh noon day meal she'd make enough For our supper too Interviewer: Well what all different kinds of vegetables would they raise in the garden 678: Very just every kind you could think of {X} Just start out in the Spring and we'd set out the onions and {NW} We'd plant the potatoes we'd plant the English peas we'd plant the green beans Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh both the runners and the {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We'd plant uh sweet corn and mule corn too so we could have sweet corn early Interviewer: Oh is that the kind you'd eat on the cob #1 The sweet corn # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # And the mule corn too #1 Get the whole ear # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: {NW} Ear is probably that long you bury your face #1 And you go # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: And then we'd grow the tomatoes Lots of tomatoes And uh okra and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Squash my mama would #1 Grow rhubarb # Interviewer: #2 What # 678: And make rhubarb #1 Pies and # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: They any anything that would grow in the garden they'd ever heard of that's what they'd #1 Grow # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And they just wouldn't have a little flat they'd have a place uh Big enough that you'd plow it with a with mule #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And well course #1 My mom would always # Interviewer: #2 How about # 678: Pull too but uh we'd pile those things Interviewer: How about uh radishes 678: Oh gosh yes Interviewer: They had 678: Grow them in the Hundreds uh you know Our family {NW} We didn't eat many radishes I don't guess any of them really liked it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And I remember my mother Taking mustard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Tender mustard and lettuce Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And radishes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And sliced them all up Chopping them up And putting Uh grease over it Interviewer: Uh-huh oh 678: And and uh A few onions Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And man my dad loved those things that she'd always fix him a dish of it but we kids never did want any of it #1 Never did like it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Until this day I don't like concoction Interviewer: Didn't like that 678: I like salad just the #1 Lettuce you know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Or the Dressing over it but I remember her fixing all that Uh lettuce and the mustard And some onions and some radishes And putting grease over it #1 And some salt # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And boy he'd eat #1 That stuff # Interviewer: #2 And he really liked it # 678: He was like a Cow eating father Interviewer: {NW} that's great 678: Well now that was a healthy dish you know Interviewer: Yeah 678: Real healthy Interviewer: Well um 678: You got a lot of bulk out of it Interviewer: Um did they have um um oh did you ever see those little tiny tomatoes did they 678: #1 Tommy toes # Interviewer: #2 Tommy toes # 678: We we had some this year Interviewer: Oh yeah um 678: She may have some and they're about so big around Interviewer: Yeah little bitty ones well now how about um did what kinds of squash would they raise you mentioned 678: {NW} Well we had several varieties we had some little yellow squash and then we had some really big what they called gourd squash Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you had to cut that up {NS} Fry it #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {X} Interviewer: Almost all night with that I'd say you probably put in enough time {NW} 678: It's sad {NW} Sad when anyone gets in Interviewer: In that kind of {NS} 678: {X} Mentality you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Slow {NS} Resistance Interviewer: Uh-huh yeah 678: Resistance with anything Interviewer: Yeah 678: I don't think she's even married to this man I think they just live together Interviewer: Oh 678: Course she's always afraid she'll lose him and he's a Habitual alcoholic Interviewer: {NW} 678: Not just an alcoholic but a Habitual one Interviewer: {NW} 678: No good I just say a man that uh Won't stay around long like that and she owns the house and owns the farm and He had any spunk at all he'd stay and Help her make a living or he'd get plum out of her life that's what I told him #1 I said you ought to get # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: He's not a native he comes from Indiana #1 And he's just down here and # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: I said what you need to do Dwight is to get Away from Mildred and just say now Mildred I am through I'm leaving I don't want to s- Fool with you anymore {NW} And don't just go up here to Jonesboro and work and come back every once in a while get Away and let her know #1 That uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And then she'll get over it Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 But he won't do it # 678: #2 He just # No he won't do that No manhood about him no Interviewer: {NW} Well um still can't get over tomato pie #1 I just never heard of that # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} Oh that just sounds oh sort of good in fact um because I like tomatoes a lot did you ever have the kind of raise the kind of onions that they uh did they eat the green part too 678: Mm-hmm Well #1 Well uh # Interviewer: #2 What did they call it # 678: You've got two kinds that we put out we got the onion plants and the onion sets Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Now the sets are the little um bulb #1 Type that you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Put out and And uh and you can eat that The green in the plant if you want to Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: Or or the plants it's all it's just a little {X} Just a little Onion about so big #1 You can get a whole bunch of them and put them out # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: {NW} About three or four weeks of good weather and you've got green onions #1 To eat # Interviewer: #2 Green onions # 678: And if you don't eat them well then they they make the big #1 The big onions # Interviewer: #2 Oh they do # #1 {D: They think trying to design into the big onions} # 678: #2 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: I didn't realize that 678: But if you pull them and eat them Green then you get a little onion about maybe so big on the end #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: You can it eat it or you Whack it off like #1 They do on # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {X} We don't we just cut the roots off and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} Eat the little onion Interviewer: Eat the little onion 678: We don't eat a lot of onions I well I I like them once in a while with uh If we have uh white beans which we hardly ever do but with white beans or with hamburgers Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Mm-hmm with hamburgers # 678: #2 {X} # I like them but them suckers uh They smell pretty loud when #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} And when you're the mayor 678: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # {NW} 678: I'd say that uh they're not the most romantic #1 Vegetable # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} I like that that's #1 Funny # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 That's really funny # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Oh oh they were hardly 678: #1 I used to tell this step-daughter of mine now I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Said you eat onions when you was young I said only when I wanted to keep the girls blowed away from me Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} She gets a kick out of it Interviewer: Oh I bet 678: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 She does # 678: I showed her these uh I said see them knots in on my arms She said yeah she said what caused that I said knocking the darn girls off #1 When I was # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: When I was a teenage boy {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Oh I bet she gets a kick 678: #1 Yeah she gets # Interviewer: #2 Out of that # 678: A kick out of it Interviewer: {NW} That's great um how about cabbage did they raise very many 678: Yeah Yeah and they made that kraut you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Homemade kraut Interviewer: Did they raise a lot of it 678: Oh yeah Depends on how Depends on how well the family liked kraut Interviewer: Yeah 678: See {NW} Interviewer: And that was primarily what they used #1 Cabbage for was # 678: #2 Yeah # They use they'd use the cabbage and cook the cabbage and eat them while they were in season Interviewer: I see 678: See Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But The only way they had of uh S- of uh Saving cabbage then was in kraut Interviewer: Was in kraut 678: And uh They'd make the kraut and then you could eat the raw kraut or you could eat eat the cooked kraut #1 Either one see # Interviewer: #2 Oh # I see 678: We used to put my mama used to put it down in old churns #1 Weight it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Down you know and just Interviewer: Oh 678: Oh we had lots of churns #1 Around # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: I don't I don't know what happened to all of them they'd be worth Fifty dollars a piece or more now Interviewer: Sure I 678: {NW} But she'd have those uh Things full of Full of kraut We used to my brother and I used to go to the Woods and And uh gather up what we called possum grapes and Summer grapes And uh she would make a Um marmalade sort of Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Out of those And she weighted that down I don't know what she done #1 Boy that stuff # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Was rich you know muscadine #1 Have you ever eaten # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Muscadines Interviewer: Mm-mm I don't think so 678: Well they're About the size of a grape except they grow individually you know Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 And they're the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Undoubtedly the best uh Best jelly #1 And strongest # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Uh I don't mean strong in that respect but I mean the the flavor is Interviewer: The most flavor 678: Yeah the most flavorable Thing that you have ever tasted Interviewer: Oh 678: And they get a lot of muscadine in Mississippi Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh in Mississippi 678: A lot of tanglings Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW] This country used to be covered up with them in the woods but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: People would cut them down and I just don't know where there is any now Interviewer: Hmm 678: They'll grow Oh they'll grow in a t- They'll grow to the top of a tree if it's fifty foot high Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And have muscadines all the way up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But if you hit if you let them grow on a fence or In bush if they'll just spread out where you can just pick them one at a time {NS} They sure do make fine jelly and If you make uh can the {D: hurls in} Make pies Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You can make a fine pie see Interviewer: Oh I #1 Didn't know that muscadine # 678: #2 Wonderful flavor # Interviewer: Pie gosh 678: It's a thick Thicker rind than a grape Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: That's about the size of the grapes Interviewer: Hmm um now you mentioned a lettuce that she your mo- now was this the kind that came in um um 678: Mean in heads Interviewer: Yeah #1 Did it come in # 678: #2 Uh-uh # Interviewer: It didn't come in heads 678: No We just hit just was a {X} A leaf and it was seasonal you eat you ate it while It was in season or and then it would go to seed on you Interviewer: Yeah 678: Grow up big tall and heavy yellow bloom go to seed but But now they have lettuce That you can buy at the just like you buy onion plants Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh transplant it and it'll grow heads Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Just like you get in stores Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm oh 678: We don't fool with that because we don't like lettuce #1 That well # Interviewer: #2 That well # 678: We well the the amount of ground that it takes is more valuable than #1 Than something else see # Interviewer: #2 Than oh yeah # 678: So #1 You have to plan # Interviewer: #2 Well how about # 678: Your gardens #1 To conform to what to to # Interviewer: #2 Around the amount of land that you # 678: Yeah to what What you want to eat #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: #1 For instance # Interviewer: #2 Well now # 678: Why I've got one I've got I'll have three crops on one part of my garden Interviewer: Oh you will 678: Had a onion crop Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I harvested it And just yesterday We pulled uh Louise did pull the last of the corn crop Followed it with sweet corn so that it'd make faster Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And she got Quite a quite a bunch of sweet corn off of that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Next week I'll pull those corn stocks up and sell turnips Interviewer: Oh and sell turnips 678: So I'll have three crops #1 on that one little # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Plot of land Interviewer: Well now the turnips will you eat the uh 678: Just the {NW} Well you can eat the turnip greens Interviewer: Oh you'll eat yeah 678: She will I won't #1 I don't eat # Interviewer: #2 Oh you don't # 678: Turnip greens and she eats uh she loves turnips Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And when and then for cold weather I'll take those turnips and {NW} Hail them up and bury some of them Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I can dig in there during the winter and get her some turnips out Interviewer: Oh 678: And they'll uh they'll keep until Way up in the spring When the sun gets hot enough then they'll start growing The leaves out again real yellow pale looking leaves And you just tear them out and if Lots of solid why you you start eating them and giving them to your neighbors and throw the rest of them away {NW} Interviewer: That's r- I didn't know all this um well now on on the sweet corn uh and that would be you said that would be the kind you'd eat on the cob #1 Now # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 Would # 678: #2 Or # Cut it off either one Interviewer: Or cut it #1 Off either one # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Well now what about roasting ears what would that be 678: The same that's eating it off the cob Interviewer: And do you know that er that term 678: Yeah #1 That's what # Interviewer: #2 That # 678: That's what it still goes by Interviewer: They still 678: #1 Roasted # Interviewer: #2 They'd say # 678: Roasting ears Interviewer: Uh-huh um 678: Call them roasting ears because a lot of people bake them #1 Instead of # Interviewer: #2 Oh they # Did 678: We we cook them in water Interviewer: Yeah Uh-huh 678: Uh and that's probably the way #1 You eat them # Interviewer: #2 I was wondering # 678: #1 A lot of # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: People {NW} Cook them in water and then put them in the oven and bake them Interviewer: #1 Until uh # 678: #2 Oh I didn't know that # Well until they'll just turn almost brown Interviewer: Well I didn't #1 Know that # 678: #2 And it's uh # Interviewer: I wonder 678: It dries it out and it's Tough And it's good but uh #1 You chew it more # Interviewer: #2 But it's you # #1 Chew it more # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh um how about the outside of an ear of corn the outside 678: Shucks {NW} Well what'd you find Aux 1: She had called Ms. Anderson crying Wanted her to come over there so we decided {X} Turn down 678: {NW} Aux 1: And Miss Reeves was over there 678: Who #1 Miss Reeves # Aux 1: #2 And they had # Cooked her some food and and she was sitting out there eating a big 678: #1 Sure # Aux 1: #2 Plate full of # Bacon and eggs #1 Toast and jelly # 678: #2 {NW} # {NW} Aux 1: One of these big tall glasses of like that #1 Bacon you know # 678: #2 She's that wide # Aux 1: Oh wider than that Interviewer: {NW} Aux 1: Wide as that door Interviewer: {NW} Aux 1: I told her her ankle Down here where #1 Bigger bigger than my leg there # Aux 2: #2 Bigger bigger # 678: You see that #1 Uh # Aux 1: #2 And she's been # Out and the sink was full of okra here's part of it 678: #1 Did you see her her toes # Aux 1: #2 And I {X} # 678: {D: Surprised to hear} How blue they are Aux 1: Yeah 678: Well she's either {NS} Kicked something when she went up there on that chair the other day or she's uh Fell and and Meant those things see Aux 1: You ought to see her she ain't got on a stitch of clothes 678: I don't want to see that Aux 1: That house 678: #1 She's red and blue all over # Aux 1: #2 No I don't want to see that she showed # 678: Me her Her leg from up #1 From up to here that # Interviewer: #2 Oh she did # 678: Oh that leg is just that big around Interviewer: Oh my #1 Goodness # 678: #2 But it's # She's got black #1 It's that big # Aux 1: #2 {X} # 678: Isn't it Louise that black place Aux 1: Oh it's bigger than that 678: She claims her husband kicked her but she fell That's what that's what #1 Happened # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Aux 1: She told us they beat her with a pair of boots because I think uh 678: Now back then he may have Aux 1: She said I think Jan beat me too 678: {NW} Interviewer: Who is that 678: Jan is just a man that her husband runs around #1 With that works with # Interviewer: #2 Oh oh oh # Oh Aux 1: That that but uh she told us stuff to divide that okra up and take it home #1 With us # 678: #2 There's uh # Newt's not over there yet is he Aux 1: No here's that key 678: Well #1 Just leave it # Aux 1: #2 He he he # He give it to you 678: Leave it there on the cabinet Aux 1: Frida I wonder we got over there and the door was unlocked and Mildred was Aux 2: And they're looking for her insurance papers 678: {NW} #1 But she can't ever # Aux 1: #2 She's been getting everything # 678: Find them #1 I guarantee it # Aux 1: #2 She can tell her right # Where everything is and they got it getting everything organized her makeup kit and everything to go to the hospital Frida says that they can put her in a mental in a #1 Mental part # 678: #2 That's right # Aux 1: #1 Out there # 678: #2 That's right # Where she needs to be Needs to be whipped real good first Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 Get her attention you know that's what they say about the # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux 1: Give up her line we both swore off doing anything more for her Interviewer: #1 Oh you did y'all both did # 678: #2 {X} # You'll always go back though Interviewer: Y'all both did it 678: Well yeah we go back we'll swear we're not gonna #1 Help her but # Aux 1: #2 Okay I'm going back # {X} Interviewer: #1 Both of you # 678: #2 {NW} # Yep Yeah we both go back and help her Interviewer: Oh 678: I've known her all my life #1 She's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Your granddaddy Is old there's uh kind of a crazy streak in the whole family #1 Her grandmother # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # 678: Wouldn't start crazy Interviewer: {NW} 678: And her mother was almost Off the rocker and some of her aunts was off their rocker Interviewer: Mm 678: Uncles Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Um just about halfway between {NS} Crazy and being able to take care of themselves Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh a brilliant mind And and it always happens you know a brilliant mind In one respect But then it wavers and gets off channel and uh just crazy as a loon for a while Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So you don't know what to do with them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Not much you can do just wait Let them die some day and bury them Interviewer: Goodness bet you have a lot of trouble in 678: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Between # 678: Yeah whole town She creates trouble Whole street here Interviewer: My goodness 678: Law enforcement everywhere #1 Even though # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 {D: we belong to} # Interviewer: #2 A lot # 678: Here but up in Jonesboro those {NW} She's got the sheriff and the Prosecuting attorney and all of them to where they don't they won't don't even want to talk to her see Interviewer: Oh 678: She's a problem Interviewer: {NW} 678: She is a problem Interviewer: Uh let's see where were we oh yeah corn the the the thing that grows out the top of a corn stalk 678: The tassel Interviewer: And how about that stringy stuff on the ear of corn that you have to 678: Silks Interviewer: Clean it off 678: Used to smoke those as a kid #1 Trying to learn to smoke # Interviewer: #2 Oh when you were a kid # 678: Yeah #1 They make # Interviewer: #2 Did you really # 678: Every kid that grew up on a farm has smoked corn silks Interviewer: Really 678: Throw them like a cigarette Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: I was asking my neighbor over yesterday he had a little old torch he was wanting me to {NW} Help him Get started and I had some Ears of corn out there that I'd pull off and save the seed with the shucks still on them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I just put this To the end of that and When the odor came I smelled just like those old cigarettes Interviewer: #1 It did # 678: #2 And I said # Did you ever smell anything like that and he said yes sir Said when I smoked uh corn silks Interviewer: Oh really {NW} 678: #1 And I didn't even like # Interviewer: #2 Isn't that # 678: To smoke #1 Corn silks so I didn't # Interviewer: #2 Corn silks {NW} # {NW} 678: I sure don't like tobacco Interviewer: Oh I don't 678: #1 Can't understand # Interviewer: #2 Either # 678: #1 Why people # Interviewer: #2 I can't understand it # Either something I've always wondered about but I can't I can't 678: #1 Can't understand it # Interviewer: #2 Can't understand it # 678: {NW} Interviewer: I can't either 678: And you know some Well this man that came in here this morning he was our chief of police And he's uh I guess gonna have to resign he's got blood clots and Interviewer: Oh goodness 678: Heart trouble and and uh Diabetes he's just in bad shape But I'll bet you That he smokes three packages a day and that's about a dollar and eighty cents #1 A day # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: You just {NW} He'll he'll smoke and pack it on uh The ashtray Interviewer: Mm 678: And when it gets down so low he'll lay that ashtray and start fishing I've seen him lay his cigarettes down and And you get lost you get nervous you know lost thinking well man I haven't got a cigarette what's gonna happen here Interviewer: Oh 678: Until he happens to think well I laid them down over there But they go wild Wild just instantly #1 When they haven't got # Interviewer: #2 Scary # 678: That cigarette Interviewer: {NW} 678: And you know There's not much difference between that and marijuana Not a whole lot Interviewer: Not #1 Well not if you're that # 678: #2 Well when # #1 When they rip when they rip # Interviewer: #2 Get to that point # 678: And snort about #1 The young people # Interviewer: #2 When you # 678: Have Wanting to try marijuana Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh I said well what's the big excitement #1 We tried # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Cigarettes and you're still on them Interviewer: And you're still on them 678: #1 I said don't raise # Interviewer: #2 Hooked on them # 678: Cane with the kids for Trying marijuana because it's something to come along And I said you tried the cigarette and you stayed on it and if you would have had marijuana then you'd have tried that Interviewer: {NW} 678: I said I would have too #1 I tried # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: To smoke cigarettes #1 Two reasons I didn't one # Interviewer: #2 That's probably good # 678: It didn't taste good #1 And made me dizzy and another one # Interviewer: #2 {NW} terrible # 678: Uh my dad smoked the old pipe but he gave me his reasons for that His reasons was that his mama smoked the old plate pipe {NW} #1 And she got # Interviewer: #2 Really # 678: Sick and And she'd ask him to light her pipe for her #1 So he got to waft mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Oh she asked him to light # 678: And he'd light it take it to her And then he got to smoking the pipe but he never did inhale the smoke Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And he told me said now it's no good don't smoke it Well that's one of the reasons I didn't but another reason is it didn't taste good Interviewer: {NW} 678: But I'm sure that if marijuana would have been available then I may have tried it and could have gotten on it see And the same man that I'm referring to in here The way he fights cigarettes if he'd have got ahold of marijuana when he was a kid he'd have tried it Interviewer: Probably would have yeah 678: So I don't really fall out with the kids I'm sorry for them Interviewer: Yeah 678: Because they do it I'm just sorry that they get on it And can't get off of it But it's just human nature and kid when the what they call growing pains Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They'll want to do stuff Of course I'm talking to a kid but uh Interviewer: I'm not a kid {NW} 678: How old are you Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 Eighteen # Interviewer: #2 Uh # Huh 678: Eighteen Interviewer: No I'm older than that 678: You are Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 678: Well I guess You're in college #1 Call that # Interviewer: #2 Yes # 678: Twenty Interviewer: No older than that 678: Well you don't have to tell me I just #1 Wondering # Interviewer: #2 No # Uh no I'm twenty-five 678: Are you that #1 Old # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # I'm in graduate school now that makes me feel good though if you didn't think I was #1 That old # 678: #2 Oh really # {D: You'd be either} If I'd have been honest I'd have guessed you Now had I {X} If I hadn't uh known you was in #1 College # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: I'd have guessed you eighteen or nineteen #1 Year old # Interviewer: #2 Would you # Really 678: Yeah but #1 knowing you was in # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: College Interviewer: Yeah #1 Knowing that yeah # 678: #2 And uh # That the #1 How far along you I would have guessed you were actually twenty-one # Interviewer: #2 Yeah well I'm in graduate school now right # 678: #1 Or two # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: But You sure don't You don't appear to be twenty-five #1 Even # Interviewer: #2 I don't # 678: Except one way Interviewer: What 678: Your uh Well your intellect shows that you're twenty-five and and uh the way you approach things Far more advanced than a twenty-five year old person Because I know most twenty-five year old persons Now when I was twenty-five uh I was fathering my last child Interviewer: Oh right right 678: The three boys Two girls and we lost one boy Interviewer: Yeah #1 I remember # 678: #2 But really # Uh Mary Uh I didn't know what life was all about I married just a boy I was having #1 the time of my life see # Interviewer: #2 Yeah you were # You were just #1 Eighteen # 678: #2 {X} # Having the time of my life Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: One of two or three that had a car around and Like I said I was gonna go to school but I didn't uh {NW} Grow up and the Thing hit me very forcefully when I had uh A family to Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And I had a choice to make Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Now you've either got to take care of this family or you don't one of the two So I settled down and took care of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But And I was twenty-five and And that's why I don't uh Get upset with kids that don't settle down until after they're twenty-five Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Because I didn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But I If the opportunities had uh come along or temptations I don't know what what I'd have done #1 Before I was twenty-five no telling # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: Plus I was just average Country boy But you seem to be Uh farther advanced and I I think that's what schooling will do for you Teaches you to think things out That's uh Interviewer: I 678: #1 That's one thing college # Interviewer: #2 I don't know # 678: #1 Does is to think things out # Interviewer: #2 Yeah college # And then you know like uh and then like now now that I'm in graduate school you know and everything uh in graduate school you can just take the things that you're interested in you know like in 678: That's right Interviewer: In undergraduate school you have to take other like I wasn't #1 Really interested in # 678: #2 There's certain # Certain basics Interviewer: #1 Certain basics that you have to get # 678: #2 That uh you have to have # Interviewer: And that's good but then when you get into graduate school you can just get into the all the stuff that you're interested in #1 You know and I like that # 678: #2 It's kind of like uh # The basic kind of like washing your hands before you eat Interviewer: Yeah it's just 678: #1 Your mom and pop # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Made you wash before you #1 Eat because # Interviewer: #2 Something you have to do # 678: Health wise and #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: And for the looks of it Interviewer: Right 678: And the basics are something you just need #1 To learn # Interviewer: #2 That you # 678: #1 That's what # Interviewer: #2 Have to learn # 678: You build on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I'm always regretting that I didn't get to go to college I I know I would have enjoyed it Interviewer: Yeah you would have 678: {NW} Interviewer: You would have you're just 678: {X} Interviewer: You have such a your mind you just pick up on things and notice things and you you have just I mean you retain things and everything you would have been 678: #1 Well I've # Interviewer: #2 Really good # 678: Studied hard #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: I've got some I've got a few diplomas around that's not a whole lot of them up there that I've actually earned since uh #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 678: Completely completed Dale Carnegie course #1 Which was real # Interviewer: #2 Oh you did # 678: Helpful to me Interviewer: Yeah 678: And uh I've got several rolled up in here little old Uh certificates that I've Attended Arkansas State College on On certain things #1 Mostly # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Pertaining to industry Interviewer: To indu- right 678: #1 But you can't help but let let some of it # Interviewer: #2 When you were working for the singer co # 678: Rub off on me Interviewer: #1 Right # 678: #2 You know # And I I know why {NW} I had uh Had to write sort of a Oh I don't know if you call it a theme or not when I finished at Dale Carnegie long about fifty-three or four Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And you had to write within a certain amount of words Something that happened to you in real life Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh and What you did about it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well I was in the same class as seventeen college men and I won the top award Interviewer: Oh you #1 Did # 678: #2 Over those fellows # They were all friends of mine working with #1 Down at the plant # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And they was glad that I won it too Interviewer: Uh-huh that's great 678: I I want to look to see if I can find that {D: Hurriedly} Before I leave and give I don't know if I've got a copy of it or not but if I have I will Interviewer: Oh I'd like to see that 678: {X} I'm gonna have to go here pretty #1 Soon # Interviewer: #2 Oh are you # 678: And uh have you got anything in particular you'd like to wind up with and we'll wind that up and then I'll see if I can find this #1 Thing # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Uh let me let me get off the let me finish up this thing #1 About the vegetables and everything # 678: #2 Probably in ten or fifteen minutes # Interviewer: Okay uh what would you call the thing that that you'd use to make a jack o lantern out of 678: Pumpkin Interviewer: Um what kinds of melons did they raise 678: Back when I was a child we raised uh watermelons And mush melons Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And raised the cantaloupe Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The marsh melon is the long Interviewer: Oh that's the long one mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And the cantaloupe is the round one Interviewer: Mm-hmm um let's see oh uh what did they raise uh well was there any difference between butter beans and lima beans do those considered the same 678: In the same family Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Same family one is uh you have it in the bunch beans and then the runners Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We have them all around our fence the big colored Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 Great big # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: Colored butter #1 Beans # Interviewer: #2 Butter beans # Uh-huh 678: But I think really they refer to the Well back when I was a kid now Uh we had {NS} We only knew one One bean it was the white one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I remember when we first got the colored #1 Butter beans # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: But then we had the little white one and the large one now we called the little white one the lima Interviewer: Oh you did 678: And we called the big white one the butter #1 Bean # Interviewer: #2 The butter bean # I 678: #1 But they # Interviewer: #2 See # 678: Still are of the same #1 Family # Interviewer: #2 Of the same # Family 678: Because you can get them in the bunch Or you can get them in the run And I think we called them limas because that was a trade name Interviewer: Trade name uh-huh 678: {X} And the butter bean was the Eating name of them Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: What I called the eating name Interviewer: Um now on a cherry the inside part of the cherry the part that you don't eat 678: The seed uh or the Kernel Interviewer: Or the kernel how about on the peach what would you call that 678: It's a seed Interviewer: It's a seed 678: It's a seed Interviewer: Now the kind of peach that sticks to the seed you call that a 678: Cling Interviewer: And then the other #1 Kind # 678: #2 That's a # Freestone Interviewer: Freestone now the part of the apple that you don't eat that you throw away 678: Why we called it peeling Some called it a rind Interviewer: Uh-huh oh 678: It could be either Mm-hmm and um now on the inside of the apple uh #1 Core # Interviewer: #2 If your # Core 678: But I'm talking about the peeling you see when they when they remove the peeling you They use two expression peeling or paring Interviewer: Or paring oh either way they'd say that um {NS} The did you ever know any other names for uh for peanuts besides peanuts 678: Goobers Interviewer: #1 Goobers {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um what kinds of nuts might there be on trees around here 678: Acorn nuts Walnuts Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And that uh all the kind we have here #1 Locally # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And pecans 678: Oh yes yes Interviewer: They did have the 678: We have lots of pecans #1 I thought you was # Interviewer: #2 Oh you do now # 678: Referring to wild Interviewer: Oh but now pecans I see that would be We have a wild pecan but we have the tame 678: #1 Domesticated # Interviewer: #2 Pecan # Uh-huh 678: Lots of them #1 But I was # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: Referring to the Ones that grew in the woods was the #1 Walnut # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: And the and the hickory #1 Nut and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: The wild pecan we called those pig nuts Interviewer: You called those #1 Pig nuts # 678: #2 They they were not # Good to eat #1 Bitter # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Real bitter Interviewer: Oh they were well now on a walnut what do you call that green outer covering 678: {NW} {X} I don't know just a Interviewer: Um #1 Well # 678: #2 The hull # Interviewer: #1 The hull # 678: #2 I guess # Interviewer: And then the part on the right around the meat you'd call the 678: The uh Interviewer: The shell 678: The shell yeah Interviewer: Yeah um 678: But now on hickory nuts it's right opposite That part that you peel off they do call the shell Interviewer: Oh they do 678: Until you get down to the nut Interviewer: And then 678: #1 So I imagine # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: On a walnut it'd be the same they would call that part the shell Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then when you get down to the other it is a nut Interviewer: It would be the nut 678: The meat's inside Interviewer: Um did like at Christmas time sometimes did they have a special type of nut that they would use at Christmas time do you remember the ever that you'd only have around Christmas time 678: Well {NW} Yeah when I was a kid growing up we we had uh That was one of our rare treats to buy some nuts Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Walnut English #1 Walnuts and uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Brazil #1 Nuts # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: We called them nigger toes Interviewer: Oh you did yeah 678: You got to be careful about #1 Calling them that now # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: And then we had uh Interviewer: #1 Did they ever have # 678: #2 Uh # Interviewer: Almonds 678: Almonds #1 That's one thing # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: I'm thinking of #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And those little uh #1 Beach # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Nuts or Interviewer: Yeah I know what you're talking about I don't know the name of them either little small #1 Ones yeah # 678: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: Um #1 Well now # 678: #2 Almost # Thought of it then Interviewer: Um hazelnut 678: #1 Hazelnut # Interviewer: #2 Hazelnut # Yeah yeah I remember my aunt talking about that 678: It is a treat you know to hang up your stocking and Interviewer: And have the 678: Have those in there and the apples and the oranges Interviewer: And oranges too they'd put uh 678: {X} Sock up Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: We'd always hang up the biggest sock we could find #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: Really believed in Santa Claus until I was about #1 Eight or nine year old yeah # Interviewer: #2 You you said until you were about eight or nine or ten or # Something like that #1 I noticed that and it was # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: A big shock 678: That's right Well disappointment Interviewer: Yeah 678: Just Heartbreaking {NW} Interviewer: #1 Sure it was # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 678: Well it's just like bursting a bubble #1 Just uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: No more Interviewer: Uh-huh well would Christmas time be about the only time they'd have oranges 678: No my my dad would buy them {NW} Occasionally during the winter #1 Because he # Interviewer: #2 Oh he would # 678: He realized that uh we needed the fruit juices Interviewer: Oh he did yeah 678: But I would venture to say that there's lots of families Sharecroppers and such Would be fortunate to get oranges even during Christmas Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: Then the old man would have to get out and And either cut some wood to sell or maybe pick some cotton that had been left in the field and do something a little extra Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: To get some money or they didn't have any Christmas I've known I've known families that didn't have any Christmases Kids would be so disappointed Interviewer: Well now during the depression money was really uh 678: Scarce Interviewer: Yeah 678: Scarce Interviewer: Well uh when when you when you ran out of something like food uh did and they didn't have any money what did they do the like these people like these sharecroppers they #1 Was # 678: #2 They got # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 678: #2 Just got # By the {NS} Interviewer: Was it just all gone I mean the 678: It's gone and uh They run out they They resorted to whatever means they had and I am referring to honest means of Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Getting it they'd go borrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 From # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: The landlords or they'd go Uh offer to work for some Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Or they'd just stick to scrounge around and and make do with what they had Was the was the old saying was pour a little more water in the {D: grater} Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: It didn't get As bad as it sounds Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But uh {NW} In lots of cases there was people didn't know and I've been in that shape that I didn't know where my next dollar was coming from And I was growing my family #1 I hit it right in the middle # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # 678: Yeah Interviewer: Oh 678: And even though we were prosperous farmers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They just simply didn't get enough for your crop to no more than pay your debts in between crops that's why we hustle ground and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh done what we could #1 To get a little bit of # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Extra money but there's been a few times When I'd run without money and we would need {NW} A few things from the store And I didn't know how I was going to get it Interviewer: {NW} 678: I remember coming down to {NS} A man's store and {NS} Wanting to buy some things now these were things that I really didn't have to have When I ask him they come to about three dollars in quarters Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I ask him if he could credit me to the for a couple of weeks when I was going to sell something He said no {NW} And he said uh I've he said I grew up with your daddy and mother up in northwest Missouri if there's anyone in the Country I would trust it'd be you But he said I just haven't got the money to do it but #1 He said # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: When they {NW} When they move this these groceries into my store I have to pay for them Right then #1 And there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And if I let them out any of them out on credit I have he said I don't make enough profit Because if I let out uh fifteen or twenty dollars worth I can't pay the bills #1 When he come in # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: So I'd be out something to sell I said well I understand that and I done without it Interviewer: Mm 678: I don't remember what I was buying but I done without it {NW} Which goes to show that uh if people make up their mind they could save a lot of money Interviewer: Mm 678: By Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Getting by instead of spending everything #1 They make see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: Well um the what would you have on your table to season your food with 678: Salt. Pepper. Uh pepper sauce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Hot peppers Interviewer: Um now if something that you bought was not imitation Sometimes it might have on there 678: You mean if it was #1 Imitation # Interviewer: #2 If it was # Not imitation 678: Pure Interviewer: Pure 678: Mm-hmm #1 Like uh # Interviewer: #2 Did # Gen- 678: Like a {D: they demand uh} {NW} Uh Well a certain amount of flavor what is this uh Well there's uh spice that uh The women used and it had a pure and then it had an imitation Interviewer: Mm-hmm and then they'd have like vanilla or #1 Something like that vanilla # 678: #2 That's what I'm thinking of # Pure #1 Vanilla # Interviewer: #2 Yeah because # I can remember #1 Seeing pure vanilla uh-huh # 678: #2 And imitation vanilla # Mm-hmm Interviewer: How about on a leather belt it'll have on there 678: The buckles you mean Interviewer: No if if it's not imitation leather it'll have gen- 678: Genuine #1 Leather mm-hmm mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Gen- yeah stamped on there # 678: Yeah Interviewer: Now sometimes if people bought something in a big quantity they'd say they were buying it 678: Gross Interviewer: In gross now would that how would that differ from buying in in bulk 678: Bulk {NW} Gross is so many Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You realize what a gross is Interviewer: Okay that that's a countable number of things then oh I see a gross 678: #1 And and a # Interviewer: #2 Of something # 678: Bulk is if I had a bin here full of sugar Interviewer: Right mm-hmm 678: Ah and I'd uh and you'd come in and say I want uh fifty cents worth of sugar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I'd dole you out fifty cents worth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But if I had it in sacks over there all the way to Pre-sacked Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} That's sacked sugar Interviewer: I see 678: Or a or a or a designated quantity Interviewer: Right 678: And this is bulk Interviewer: That's 678: You can buy any amount #1 Of it you want here # Interviewer: #2 And you just # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: #1 And here you've got to buy # Interviewer: #2 And they measure that # Out 678: One one or more sacks #1 Just # Interviewer: #2 I see # 678: One if you wanted uh Say they had five pounds of sugar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In the sack you want fifteen pounds #1 You'd have to buy three # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Sacks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Here he could dip you out #1 Fifteen or sixteen # Interviewer: #2 Fifteen sixteen # 678: Or seventeen Interviewer: Whatever you want 678: {NW} Interviewer: Just that loose 678: If it was twenty cents a pound you'd say give me a dollar's worth he'd when you have five pounds Interviewer: I see 678: That's #1 That's the bulk # Interviewer: #2 That would be in bulk # Oh you know everything um if something was cooking and you came in your mother was cooking something good and you and your brother came in you might turn to him and say mm-mm just just 678: I don't know Interviewer: If you were gonna if you wanted him if you thought it if it made a good impression on your nose you'd say mm just you might say just take a whiff of it 678: #1 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 Or just # 678: That would be {NS} Interviewer: Or just 678: {NW} Interviewer: Just smell 678: And talking about uh I'll tell you Maybe you better turn this off Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 While I'm telling this # {NS} He was talking about how smart he was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: He said boy he said that man has gone all the way through college And this old ignorant nigger said he he has Interviewer: {NW} 678: And he said yeah he said he's got a BS degree And he said you know what BS stands for don't you Interviewer: {NW} 678: And of course the old ignorant nigger there wasn't but one thing that BS stood for #1 For for # Interviewer: #2 No # 678: Bull so and so Interviewer: Yeah I think I know 678: {X} I know what that B S stood for He said uh And he's got a MS degree And he said he's got a P H degree He said now I knows what that B S stands for but what does that M S and P H D stand for {NW} He said that M S is more of the same And that P H D is piled higher and deeper Interviewer: Oh no 678: {NW} So {NW} #1 That's a broken word # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Oh that's great um 678: You remember that one now that's a good one Interviewer: I'll try to #1 Remember that one that's yeah # 678: #2 That's a college joke # Interviewer: Yeah that's good um if there was a bowl of apples on the table and one of the children wanted one uh he might point up there and say 678: Gimme That's the old word G I M M E Interviewer: Yeah gimme gimme uh 678: They wouldn't say can I can I have #1 Or may I have # Interviewer: #2 Right # Say gimme and if they wanted an apple they'd say 678: Mommy gimme a apple Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's great um a person that doesn't have much money you'd say that person was 678: Broke Been that way Interviewer: You've been that way um 678: Still am Interviewer: {NW} 678: Never got over it Interviewer: Which came first the cigars or cigarettes 678: The to my knowing the cigar did Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I remember Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm um those things that sometimes would come up in people's yards after rain umbrella shaped 678: Toad stools Interviewer: Now that'd be toadstools now would that be 678: Got some in my yard now Interviewer: Oh you do now could you what about the ones you could eat 678: I never did I was always Afraid of them some of them poisonous #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And uh They were mushrooms Interviewer: Mushrooms would be the kind that that people could 678: But I never did know the difference so I didn't think I would like them either Interviewer: Um well we're just about to get onto the part about animals so this might be a good uh stopping place if you want to 678: {X} Interviewer: Uh {NS} 678: I don't remember just where I {X} Why I keep so much junk around Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Interviewer: It's hard to keep up with everything 678: {NS} I don't know if I have two copies of this or not I well I hope I do {NS} Interviewer: Well I hope so too 678: Well the The reason I wanted to give you one of these is is to show you that {NS} After all times have no changed a whole lot Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 In some ways # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: This was I think I did make some more copies. Yeah Interviewer: Oh you do have #1 More than that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Good {NS} 678: That was in That's been twenty-one years ago that I've taken that Dale Carnegie course and Interviewer: Oh this is from the Dale #1 Carnegie thing # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # #1 That's what I wrote and that's what I won the award on # Interviewer: #2 Oh this is it this is what you wrote # You won the award for 678: Yeah you can take that with you #1 If you want to after # Interviewer: #2 Oh good # Good yeah I'll take this with my other stuff 678: Well it might {NW} And I know you're going to pursue your education and you know this is This is sort of history this actually #1 Happened see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 This is something # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: That uh We had to write something that actually happened #1 In our our life # Interviewer: #2 That actually happened # 678: #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh you did # Yeah 678: Uh an incident Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh that happened Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In in our life that uh a tale that we could tell #1 That was true # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: And and uh you still see the same things happening today that That happened back then Interviewer: Hmm {NS} 678: That's all I can think of I might Wish off on you Interviewer: Oh well that's good I let me put these things in my note in my book so I won't drop a pen {X} 678: {NW} But I learned that in In uh talking to college graduates that anything that they can get ahold of sometimes {NS} Will come to be beneficial Interviewer: Oh right that's that's for sure {NW} That's yeah 678: I guess I need to get over #1 And see what's happening in town # Interviewer: #2 Okay see what's happening in town # 678: Tomorrow I've got to go to go #1 to Little Rock and you're leaving tomorrow right # Interviewer: #2 Right I know I'm leaving tomorrow # How about you oh you gonna be busy tonight 678: I'm not sure uh #1 I don't uh # Interviewer: #2 For just a little while # 678: I don't think I will be Interviewer: But you never know 678: #1 Well I I'm not I haven't got anything # Interviewer: #2 {NW} You have some # 678: Planned Interviewer: You don't uh would you be willing to give up a little more #1 Time to me # 678: #2 Yeah # If I have I mean if If uh #1 If nothing comes up # Interviewer: #2 If nothing comes up # 678: {NW} And I can't think of anything right now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But and I don't know what time I'd get in well you won't be here tomorrow at all Interviewer: No 678: Friday's always a pretty busy day #1 even # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: If you was here Interviewer: Yeah 678: I'm gonna miss you Interviewer: #1 Well I'm gonna miss you too # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I really am # 678: #2 I've I've never met a person # That I have took to like I have you Interviewer: Really and truly? 678: I don't know why but I Interviewer: That makes me feel so good uh excuse me trouble Aux 1: I think uh {X} 678: #1 I'll be right there # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 678: {NW} Be right {NS} Interviewer: But did you get all that stuff taken care of today the hospital and 678: Yes I got everything under control just got rid of some of the councilmen here and Marshall got them ready for tomorrow so we We're in pretty good shape Interviewer: Well that's good um 678: {NW} Interviewer: I believe the last thing I was talking about was 678: {NW} You was gonna talk #1 About horses # Interviewer: #2 Animals # 678: Or animals Interviewer: Yeah animals was the last thing I was on that's right I didn't I asked about this when we were gonna talk about animals um now the kind of bird that can see in the dark 678: Hoot owl Interviewer: Hoot owl what about one of those small ones that's um 678: Screech owl Interviewer: Screech owl you know everything how about a bird that can drill holes in the trees 678: {NW} You mean the old well there's two kinds There's a yellow hammer And the peckerwood Interviewer: And the peckerwood 678: #1 Some of them call them # Interviewer: #2 Are those are those # 678: Woodpeckers {NS} And some of them call them peckerwoods so Interviewer: Are those the same thing though 678: No no a woodpecker and a peckerwood is the same thing he's a red head Interviewer: Right 678: With a white body and black wings Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the yellow hammers are Is the larger bird Interviewer: But it does peck holes 678: Yeah yeah just like a battering ring Interviewer: I didn't know that 678: Sound like a machine gun Interviewer: Huh haven't heard of that one 678: That's right #1 Yellow hammer # Interviewer: #2 Um # 678: It's a bigger larger bird than the Peckerwood Interviewer: Than the peckerwood how about now this is a little animal that's black with a white stripe down its back 678: Smells very good Interviewer: Yeah 678: Skunk Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called anything else 678: Pole cat Interviewer: Pole cat #1 Oh that's # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: The same thing 678: Same thing And the and uh And and when you hunt hunt them for their fur Interviewer: Yeah 678: The ones that doesn't have the white on them will bring more money than the Those that do #1 Because they # Interviewer: #2 Well I thought they all # Had white on them 678: No no some of them are solid black and uh the white ones Before they use the fur they have to dye it Dye the white part see Interviewer: Hmm um what kinds of animals come and raid hen roosts 678: Well possums for one And I think skunks do Interviewer: And skunks 678: I think I think they do but {NS} But uh possums will uh uh in that {X} Course a fox Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Fox will Interviewer: Well now have you ever heard of people refer to animals like that as varmints 678: Mm-hmm Some of the old timers called any Anything in the beast Family varmints Interviewer: Varmints yeah have you ever heard anybody call a person a varmint 678: Yeah I've been called that Interviewer: You have 678: #1 Sure # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: You know you read Snuffy Smith He always refers to #1 To animals as # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: {NW} As varmints you know or Interviewer: Yeah 678: And and he classes a humans as {NW} Varmints Oh yeah I've been called a varmint jokingly you know Interviewer: Uh-huh uh what types of squirrels would you have around here 678: We have the gray squirrel and the fox squirrel And then we have the flying squirrel Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And he's almost extinct he's uh Interviewer: Oh really 678: Yeah they they build him holes Uh they're great on using the holes that woodpeckers make Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or A a deteriorated tree where it's rotted out they'll bed up in that and {NS} And they're called flying squirrels but {NW} They don't flap their wings Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But they will get on Up in a tree And when they spread their feet out Well this uh This meat uh this skin I mean comes from this the Front foot Back to its back foot and just and and he inflates his self Interviewer: Oh 678: That's just loose loose skin and he just inflates himself {NS} Instead of flopping why he'd just sail it's kind of like a glider you know he'll #1 He'll glider # Interviewer: #2 Oh like a glider # 678: He'll glide for a long distance and then land Of course he loses {X} He'll land lower down #1 On a tree # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: But they do not flap Interviewer: Oh so they don't really fly they glide 678: Glide Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Just glide Interviewer: Um 678: They're small they're not over So long Full grown Interviewer: Oh 678: About half as large as a gray #1 Squirrel # Interviewer: #2 As a gray squirrel # Huh well how about something that's sort of like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees 678: You mean rats Interviewer: Uh well you may not have these in this part of the country some is called a brown squirrel or a chipmunk 678: {NW} We don't have them that's uh they they are they're in the hill countries Interviewer: In the hill countries oh how about some common fish that people might get around here 678: Fish Interviewer: Yeah what would they maybe get if they were to go fishing well you go fishing what would you 678: Well We have several species we have the black bass Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We have the rock bass Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh we have the white bass Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We have the drum Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We have the carp We have the buffalo Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We have almost every species of catfish Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh we have the crappie Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We have the brim family which is made up Several types of little common {NW} Commonly called perch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But they're in the brim family And uh One is called the goggle eye perch and the sun perch #1 For instance and they # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And they uh uh {NS} Whiteys they call them and then we have the hickory shed {NS} And uh we have the grinnels We have the gar Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh Interviewer: Well now what have you caught the most of 678: Well I fish My when I go fishing I have three species that I fish for the brim the bass and the {D: crockett} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I catch others Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But they're unwelcome Interviewer: Oh but uh-huh 678: I catch them because they eat what I offer the others Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But I never go fishing after a grinnel or a carp or a grime or a gar Interviewer: But you have uh 678: I ca- I do catch them Interviewer: Um what do you call those things that pearls grow in 678: {NW} Oyster shells you mean Interviewer: Oysters yeah 678: We have uh Those around here there used to be lots of them lots of them they would Gather them and and take them to a button factory Interviewer: Oh they did 678: They'd find them on the sandy Beaches like uh where when the water Is high and Goes down why there'd be Sand washes And that's where they would find the Mussel shells and And they would make buttons from them but They don't well they just about uh Done away with all of them {X} Going after them #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And along about the time they got scarce then they started making uh synthetic buttons Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That kind of evened up the score Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: They don't get many Pearls they call pearl buttons you see that's where you got your pearl buttons out of the oyster shells Interviewer: #1 What about # 678: #2 They had some # Really large you know making nice ashtrays #1 And things like that yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh they'd {X} # 678: Oh we found them this This long around there Large ones Interviewer: Huh uh what about the things that make a noise around a pond at night croak around the pond 678: You mean the bullfrogs Interviewer: Bullfrogs 678: They're one of them then there's uh There's a spring frog And uh #1 And a bullfrog # Interviewer: #2 Oh a spring frog # Uh-huh 678: They're both uh Water Frogs Interviewer: Water frogs uh-huh 678: And then we have the little tree frogs Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 That # That uh hangs on the side of the reed and he takes a tremendous Noise and then the toad frogs they're not Known as a A water frog but After a rain they will get out on the edge of the water and that's All the noise you hear around when you {X} Especially in this part of the country after a rain just at dark Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They make a tremendous noise For the spring there will be hundreds and hundreds little #1 Toads not over # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: That large every one of them singing at one time Interviewer: Really 678: They the old timers say that they're praying for rain #1 More rain # Interviewer: #2 Oh # For more rain 678: You know toad frogs uh Almost disappeared in this country they began to Buy them to uh Well they use them in chemical plants #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Yeah And uh for a few years here we seldom saw a toad frog And Every one I'd find I'd just take care of him you know and now I've got Several of them around But I haven't seen those things years ago thirty or forty years ago So thick on the {NW} Store fronts where there's a light That you couldn't couldn't walk without placing your feet And they just sat down lick their tongue out and get that bug Interviewer: Oh 678: And People have uh Torn open shotgun shells and taken these real fine shot and just rolled them at them And they just Interviewer: {NW} 678: Until they get so heavy they can't walk With led it'll kill them #1 See lead # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Will kill anything They'll eat until they can't until they can't hop {NS} Interviewer: Oh 678: Just eat as fast as you can {X} {NS} But the only time that I had seen frogs That thick I was down when about three weeks ago and it came a rain And while I was driving home why I just saw Hundreds of frogs Course people were just mashing them and Interviewer: Oh 678: Into the highway Interviewer: What did 678: So frog toad frogs have made a comeback I've got one in my Boathouse that I call Lucifer Interviewer: {NW} 678: I keep him water in there so he won't even have to go out Interviewer: Oh 678: And he takes care of those spiders and everything #1 Yes sir # Interviewer: #2 Oh they eat spiders # 678: And in my gardens they they're out there I'm real careful not to plow into them or anything And if he Trying to get out the way I'll stop my plow and they can get out of the way Interviewer: Oh 678: But this one in my shed he's a great big old toad now Real dark one and The other day I said I haven't seen Lewis for a couple of days and Louise said yeah he's out there on the sitting on the sills #1 Said he's behind your shovel # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: Went out there and there he sat #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # That's funny a pet toad frog um what would you call the things that you dig up to go fishing with 678: wor- well worms #1 Worms red worms # Interviewer: #2 What what # Red worms 678: Red worms Interviewer: How about around a a stream uh is the hard shell a thing that it puts its head and its legs in and out 678: You mean a turtle Interviewer: Yeah now #1 Would that be # 678: #2 Well now # We have the hard then we have the soft shell turtle then we have the old Hard shell snapper Interviewer: Oh 678: Uh Interviewer: Would those be on the in the water 678: {NW} Well they'd settle limbs and drop off in the water when you Get close to them Interviewer: How about in dry land uh 678: They have a dry what they call dry land tavern Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 He's a he's a # Interviewer: #2 Tavern # 678: Tall one he He stands up tall and And never never too large maybe something like that but These soft shell turtles gets uh Oh they'll get this big around and that's the kind they eat That is good eating I never did eat one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But it's a rare dish you know A lot of them eat these old uh snapper turtles too they say they're just as good but they're harder to clean Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My brother caught one over here on the river weighed a hundred and five pounds Interviewer: Mm 678: We could stand on him he'd just walk off with us Interviewer: Gosh 678: His head was uh Oh gosh it was as wide as this here this #1 Across # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: He could have bitten your leg off most off Interviewer: Mm 678: But the soft shell ones are flat Big around and got a long neck they look kind of pitiful out in sitting under looking Interviewer: {NW} 678: Looking around at all the old snappers so they got that hooked bill nose and the short neck big head Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Hard hard shell on the back {NS} Interviewer: Um did people course I guess they didn't have any way of keeping it refrigerated people didn't eat much in the way of seafood did they when you were 678: Not here {X} When they went and caught a massive fish they had to eat him #1 Because they had no way of keeping it # Interviewer: #2 And eat him # Now they now anything that was caught like in the ocean uh they did could they ever bring that in like uh oysters and that sort of thing 678: Canned Interviewer: Oh canned how about stripped did you ever see 678: Yeah {X} In fact They had uh Interviewer: #1 Canned # 678: #2 I remember # Getting canned shrimp Years ago Interviewer: Oh you do they had a can oh I didn't know that 678: But we The main fish dish here Was uh was uh salmon And mackerel Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh Oyster or uh sardines Interviewer: Sardines yeah mm-hmm 678: Sardines and mackerel And uh {NS} Interviewer: Um now an insect that'll fly that'll like to get around a light when you open oh I don't know how they get in but anyway with the light wings kind of 678: Millers Interviewer: Millers 678: {NW} Interviewer: Now would that be the same as the thing that'll lay the eggs in your clothes 678: No that's a moth isn't it Interviewer: Oh that would be a moth did you ever #1 Have # 678: #2 I think # Interviewer: Did you have very many 678: Used to have lots of moths Lots when you had the old wooden houses that had uh Lots of cracks And this that and the other but I know we used to have to keep moth balls in our hanging in our Closets after we got closets or on the clothes when they'd hang to the walls and {NW} If you wanted to wear a suit of clothes Sunday why you better take that out about Thursday and hang it out #1 Or or you'd have # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: It'd be so strong with moth balls that people couldn't stand you Interviewer: Oh 678: But uh we have We still have moth Around here but uh very few and If we're gonna store something back in a chest or something we put moth balls in it and Now you can buy moth balls that are not so strong And just hang them on your clothes racks you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm how about an insect that flies around with just oh with a light in its tail 678: Moth well there's two two names we Always referred to them as a lightning bug but uh most of them I refer to them as June bugs Interviewer: Oh as June bugs 678: Because they come because they show up Latter part of May or Especially in June Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Used to be here by the millions #1 Literally millions # Interviewer: #2 Oh by the # 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Millions # 678: Just We'd get out at night when I was a kid and they just almost light up that whole Place just just like that just Hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of them Interviewer: {NW} 678: But you seldom see them anymore Interviewer: Yeah well now an insect that's got a long that you'll see around a pond it's a long thin body and 678: #1 You mean the # Interviewer: #2 Two # 678: Mosquitoes you're talking about mosquitoes or Interviewer: No this is something this is bigger than a mosquito it's got a long thin body it's got two sets of flimsy wings 678: Well there's a There's a #1 Well we # Interviewer: #2 Sometimes people say # 678: Call them a horse there's some horse doctors Interviewer: Horse doctor 678: And then there's a Interviewer: What do people think they find their snakes around 678: Um A snake doctor #1 Flies they call those # Interviewer: #2 Snake doctor # 678: They call them snake doctors and horse doctors Something else I bet you {X} You may have never heard of and it's fox fire have you Interviewer: Mm-mm 678: It's uh It's a piece of old wood mostly gum or soft any soft wood That has rotted And bleached out white Then when it rains on it You can go into the woods at night and you'd see that stuff just as far as the eye can see it's uh it's #1 It has a kind of a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: White gold look Interviewer: And it does it glow I mean 678: Yeah at night but you it's just a piece of wood in daytime Interviewer: Oh {X} 678: Used to be a lot of that in Newgrounds you know #1 Where we'd # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Clear up You'd {NW} Have an old dead hog and maybe Chip off part of it and and uh it would get wet and lay up there under the moon shine on it why Or even the stars especially the moon It would reflect just like white gold Interviewer: Huh 678: #1 Called it called it fox fire # Interviewer: #2 I never never # Fox fire I guess they don't have that in many places 678: Well you just weren't around the woods much Interviewer: Around the woods 678: You were growing up around timbers like I did they still there would still be some of it but not as much because now when they clear land they just take a A big cat and and uh Push the trees down and would stack them up and burn them before they ever rot see This has to come from old rotted wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And Oh there used to be lots of it and {X} Hunting damp night like this see lots of it Where people would cut wood you know and lift the old gum tree and it would rot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I just pitched that in ecstasy Interviewer: Yeah #1 That's interesting though I never heard of it # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's what I mean I learn all these things #1 I wouldn't have learned anywhere # 678: #2 You may be asked about it someday # What is fox fire Interviewer: What is fox fire 678: You'll think someone's pulling your leg Interviewer: Yeah I wouldn't know what fox fire was what kinds of uh insects would you have around that would sting you 678: A lot of them. Wasps. Bumblebees. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh Honeybees Yellow jackets Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Did I say hornets Interviewer: No 678: Hornets They won't sting you they'll knock you down Interviewer: Mm 678: They get mad and take off Now this is sort of believe it or not but the old people can tell you That they've been known to knock a cow down hit her between the eyes and just knock her down Interviewer: You don't mean it 678: You know they build in big huge nest you ever seen a hornet's nest Interviewer: No I haven't 678: Well you ought to see them around a museum some time It's a it's an enormous thing it could be that big around Well you've seen wasp nests Interviewer: Yeah 678: It'd be the color of wasp nests so but they'd just build it layer on top of layer and it's kind of Shaped like a top a spinning top Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they hang it up in the tree and {NW} And they go into the barn Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they make their honey up in that thing I've seen them as long as this Table is wide and #1 Oh this big # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Around Interviewer: Oh 678: And if you ever Disturb them boy they can give you fits And the the bumblebee he he He goes into the roots of trees and makes his honey Goes into a little hole and Finds a hollow Hollow stumps {NS} And We used to cut into them and my brother and I found out if we'd lay flat on the ground they wouldn't sting you they always go up They'd come out and they'd fly up mad you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they grow their honey in little individual Uh cups And that too is the color of a wasp nest Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: A little thin gray looking Thing and the cup is about like a A little marble or a steel ball and And you just pick it off and just squeeze it and it's clear No chrome to it just clear syrup real delicious Interviewer: Mm 678: #1 We used to run r- # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # 678: Run around with some old country boys and Interviewer: {NW} 678: And we'd we'd take them to help us rob the bumblebee tree Until they caught on well we'd chop this hole and soon as we cut into them why My brother and I we'd hit the ground and those old boys would be standing up they're getting stung all over see {NW} Interviewer: Oh 678: But they that's where you initiate them Interviewer: Yeah that's where you initiate them yeah 678: But wasp nests are Quite numerous I have them around my corkwood A whole lot but I just put a water hose to them Interviewer: Oh that's how you get rid of them 678: And Wayne down over where he lives in his he's got a double corkwood on the side of a trailer and he lives right on the lake and I got out of the car the other day and I saw several nests that big around with I guess a hundred wasps on them Interviewer: Mm 678: Well I said they'll kill you they will get enough of them to sting you they'll kill you {NW} So he got some guy the other day to Spray them uh Uh mace or something #1 Kind of like a {D: holy shields} you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: Just kill them instantly Interviewer: Well now which is worse the sting a wasp or a yellow jacket u 678: Well uh I don't think you can make a distinction between them Either one if you get them mad they're gonna sting you #1 But the yellow jackets # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Find them in the woods and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Mostly once in a while they'll get in briars Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But mostly they build in stumps {NS} And you drive a team by there and if you stir them up {NS} They'll start hitting the belly of those horses and they'll run away with you right down through the middle of the woods And nobody can hold them But man they sting the life out of you Interviewer: Mm 678: And the wasp's the same way when you disturb him Well he's gonna sting you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And jackets and wasps either one's not gonna bother you until You disturb them once in a while they'll come down and buzz you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But if you're going about your business they'll hardly ever sting you Interviewer: Now what about those things that build their nest up out of mud 678: The snipes Interviewer: Or dirt 678: Well Well the snipes build on dirt and Interviewer: Oh 678: And and and pigeons carry a lot dirt we used to put Lard can little lard cans And they'd carry in mud and sticks and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But snipes build on uh Uh mud that's uh that's one bird that I know that does Interviewer: How about an insect that likes to nest out of dirt or mud do you know I mean 678: The dirt dauber Interviewer: #1 Oh a dirt dauber # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Yeah 678: They don't sting you Interviewer: They don't sting no oh I didn't know that 678: I've never been stung by one never heard of anyone #1 Getting stung by one # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: I still dodge them #1 I know I don't trust them # Interviewer: #2 Oh you do # Yeah yeah um what about those insects that'll like if you go through the tall grass it'll get in your skin and make you itch you can't even hardly see them 678: Chiggers Interviewer: Chiggers you ever heard those called red bugs 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Yeah 678: They call them Some people call them red bugs {NW} I think uh Probably if you go up in an encyclopedia well that's what you'd find #1 It'd be red bugs # Interviewer: #2 Red bugs # 678: {NW} #1 Maybe # Interviewer: #2 How # 678: Instead of chiggers but we always call them chiggers because that's the way we grew up calling them Interviewer: Uh-huh how about the insects that hop around in the grass 678: You mean the grasshoppers Interviewer: Grasshoppers have you ever heard them called a hoppergrass 678: Yeah #1 Now a lot of # Interviewer: #2 You have # 678: people call them that Interviewer: Oh you have 678: And we have a lot of Ticks in the hills and the mountains and we've got this year we we've got The first time in a long time we've been infested with small ticks Interviewer: Hmm 678: What we call seed ticks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Get all over the dogs Interviewer: Hmm 678: And they'd even get the They get on your shoes tromp them in the house fortunately we haven't had them #1 But Truman # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: Down below us had to spray for them Interviewer: Hmm 678: Now the old dogs are just covered up with them Interviewer: Oh 678: And I We took tweezers and picked them off Interviewer: Oh 678: Must have been dozens Interviewer: Hmm 678: But we still have lots of chiggers and Chick chicks and tiggers they call them Interviewer: Chicks and tiggers how about a little fish that people use for bait 678: You mean you mean the minnows Interviewer: And uh what do you call the thing that a spider 678: His web Interviewer: If it's up in the corner of a room do you call it just 678: Yeah it's a web Interviewer: #1 It's a web # 678: #2 {NW} # Wherever he builds it Interviewer: Wherever he builds it 678: Sometimes he runs them a strand across to the next corner you know Interviewer: How about what do you call the kind of tree that you tap for syrup 678: Uh sugar maple Interviewer: Yeah do you know what you call a a group of those trees together 678: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 I'll have to go down to find that out # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # What kind of uh what kind of shade trees common shade trees would there be around here 678: {D: Bare} We have I guess every species that grows here We have uh uh several species of oak And the red oak and the white oak and in the red oak you have the old The red oak {NW} And the pin oak Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the water oak Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then in the white oak family you have the original white oak And uh the Overcup And uh then there's another one I can't think of the name of them there's three that The white oak has an enormous Heart red heart And very little sap So you get good post timber out of that the heart won't rot And also it doesn't warp when you make it into lumber It has kind of a white scaly bark and a forked leaf Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And the Overcups have a small heart and lots of sap Interviewer: Uh-huh oh 678: The Overcup and the Cow cow itch we called them cow itch #1 Oak # Interviewer: #2 Huh # 678: And They don't make good post they make good wood and they make good lumber but it has tendency to warp more than the white oak Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: White oak is Almost uh Warped out I mean we don't have much of a #1 Real white oak anymore # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: Then we have the ash we have the white ash and the pumpkin ash Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We have the weeping willow and the umbrella willow and the water willow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we have the elm or piss elm whichever one you're gonna piss Piss elm is really the name of it you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And uh {NW} Several maples {X} We have the soft maple and the white maple Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We have the sycamore Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We have the um Boxelder we have the Mulberries Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the pecan and the walnuts {NS} {X} Interviewer: Now how about fruit trees do you have 678: {X} Interviewer: You have the cherry 678: We have the cherries There's one across uh my neighbor has one across #1 My house # Interviewer: #2 Oh your neighbor has a # 678: I have a Peach and a apricot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then I have a A plum Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That's uh about the extent of my fruit Except for grapes I grow grapes That's not a tree but it's A vine family And then we have the redbud tree and the white Uh the the Do- dogwood {NW} I have a redbud that {X} My front yard Several other trees the cottonwood I have the cottonwood Oh I could go on {X} Interviewer: There there's a a a big shrub kind of a big bush that has uh little red berries on it that uh some people say they're poisonous 678: Well I'm not too familiar with some of them now that we have bushes in our yard that's called a Nandina that has Red red berries Interviewer: Have you ever heard of anything called anything like a {D: sumac} 678: Uh yeah Interviewer: What's it is that is that what you call it you call it a 678: It's a there's a sumac and it has uh {NW} Berries on it but Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I I don't believe they're poisonous #1 They they used them one time # Interviewer: #2 You don't think they're oh that's not # 678: Make ink out of them Interviewer: Oh to make ink 678: #1 A lot of the old # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: A lot of the unions in the early settlers used {NW} That and the elderberry Elderberries also have a Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} A a berry on them that Late in fall you can just Get a mash them up in your hands red just blood red #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # 678: And it it makes good pretty good eating because it's hard to wash off your hand Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We used to write our names on our cotton sacks when we were picking cotton And get uh elderberries Write our name with elderberries On the cotton sack Interviewer: Hmm that's really pleasant um well now how about um any roots that people would use for anything 678: To tea Interviewer: Yeah 678: Sassafras Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} Interviewer: About time 678: There's a there's other roots they used to use for um Making Medicines but I'm not Qualified to Elaborate on them ones but I I could drink the sassafras tea Interviewer: Oh you have 678: I dug them up and I know that it makes good pretty good tea and There used to be an old saying that They'd cut to get those roots and then the {NS} 678: {NS} Sometimes if I don't eat I might get caught out uh three or four hours you know Interviewer: And never get to eat 678: Now where were we Interviewer: Okay 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um oh what were the things what would nails come in 678: Oh back Back then uh in wooden kegs Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Wooden kegs Interviewer: And what would they call the things that would run around a barrel the those metal things to hold the the stays in place 678: Bands I suppose uh {NS} That's what I'd call them I don't remember I don't really remember {NW} How they referred to them But uh They were that was a band #1 So I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Was a band # 678: I don't know any other any other thing to call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm well do you ever remember uh anything uh like a round metal thing that children would play with uh like sort of spin along called a hoop or a hoop or 678: Oh gosh yeah {NW} Uh one of the things that That boys and girls too played with {NW} The old wooden wagon wheels had a band around the hub #1 About # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: So big Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh {NW} Course when the wagon wheel would go bad why there they'd {NW} Metal tar laid and all the other metal until Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Someone gathered up {D: soda} We'd take those little hoops Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We'll take a stick with a #1 Little cross on the bottom # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Mm-hmm 678: And we'd {NS} Start that thing out #1 And follow it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: Just as hard as you could go you know see how fast you could run it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Now that's one of the things that we played with girls and boys Interviewer: Mm-hmm played with both of those 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Oh um what would you put in the top of a bottle to stop it up 678: Cork and bay Interviewer: And a little #1 Musical # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Instrument that children would 678: French harps you mean #1 Jew's # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: Harps and French harps Interviewer: Jew's harps and French harps what would be the difference in them 678: French harp you blow Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And move and a Jew's harp is just a little old {NS} You ever seen one Interviewer: No I don't think so 678: I don't know if I can describe it now it's just a little old metal thing with one trigger like #1 In here and he'd just # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # 678: He'd just go {NW} And thumb that thing #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # 678: {NW} Really it's not it's not very musical Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 But uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: One of the things that we played with as children and I may bring in things here that you're not interested in but Up in our hay loft When the when we used a uh half or two thirds of the hay Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh I'd like to have some breakfast if you wouldn't mind now #1 Because # Aux: #2 Yeah # Well uh I got uh Newt to come back they have oh my gosh you've never seen it like sleeping pills 678: #1 Well I told you that's what's wrong # Aux: #2 They billed # 678: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 Her bill # 678: #1 That old nurse bring them down here # Aux: #2 Three different # Three different doctors oh she's gone to three different doctors and there's two of them being filled on the same day the same stuff and he's took her gun and a bunch of them pills And stuff and taken them with him and he's really laying low down to her over there she's nutty as a fruit cake #1 Harlene # 678: #2 I know # Aux: Harlene told him he said he called her and she said said Newt said there ain't a thing wrong with her she's just {X} And now somebody has beat her up again she said that he broke in about four last and beat her up somebody 678: #1 No she's fell # Aux: #2 Beat her up # 678: She's fell She's strong and proud and she's fat and bruises that's what's wrong with her Aux: #1 Uh well something's happened now # 678: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 She is she did go to # 678: #2 They're not breaking in there she's got # Aux: Jonesboro yesterday #1 {X} # 678: #2 She's got # Aux: And Mr Reeve's seen her go 678: She's got new locks on that and uh They didn't break in Aux: And she can't hardly talk her tongue is bit #1 Is big # 678: #2 I know # Aux: And Harlene has told him he she said now she's just she just {X} 678: That's all Aux: And we got to checking on the medicine and and I mean he really was trying to {X} Right now I said well I'm going home Burt hasn't had any breakfast and their kinfolk Interviewer: That's just what he was talking about 678: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: I'm not really hungry but I think I should eat because {NW} I've got some things #1 I've got to do this afternoon # Aux: #2 Is that my lock # 678: I I don't care if I eat at midnight you know just {X} Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: #1 He eats breakfast all the way from # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Uh Aux: #1 Nine to twelve one o clock # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Mary would you like to have a coke Interviewer: I'd love to have a coke 678: Well maybe Louise will get us a coke Aux: You reckon I might {NW} 678: #1 I said maybe # Interviewer: #2 It would be # So kind of you Louise 678: #1 I I said maybe # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 Maybe we would # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Appreciate it if you could {NW} 678: Uh I started telling you about a {NW} The haylofts #1 When the the when the # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 678: Hay got down we'd have what we'd call a bag swing up in there Interviewer: Oh 678: Boy was that fun #1 Those little barns was # Interviewer: #2 I was wondering about that # You mentioned that that was in #1 I noticed that that # 678: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: Bag swing in your 678: Yeah that uh the whole barn would be sixty foot long you know and #1 And you'd get up # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: On this hay {NW} And we we were kind of dare devils we would uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: {D: When I was between this old} The bag was made out of a toe sack crammed full of hay Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: See on the big chain Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we'd swing that thing and And uh we'd see how far we could leap {NS} From this shelf Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And straddle that thing and grab it Interviewer: Oh 678: Well if we missed we might fall #1 Sixteen # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Feet #1 Over the hay # Interviewer: #2 Goodness # 678: See {NW} Interviewer: Oh did you ever miss 678: Oh yeah I missed but you'd roll in that hay Interviewer: Oh you'd roll in the hay 678: And uh we learned uh we learned uh if we miss we learned to throw ourself over Know uh how how to fall and roll Interviewer: Isn't that something 678: Oh we had some we had some times Interviewer: Mm 678: Wonderful times that's to A kid that didn't grow up on a farm in those days really missed #1 Something # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Just really missed something Interviewer: I can tell reading your memoir #1 That # 678: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Sounds like you really had a good time um now on a wagon what would you call the the piece that goes up between the horses the long wooden piece 678: The doubletree You mean to pull it by Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That's a double #1 Tree # Interviewer: #2 That's a doubletree # 678: And the singletree #1 That uh # Interviewer: #2 And the singletree # 678: {NW} A doubletree {NW} {NS} Well here's your wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 678: Tongue Interviewer: Oh the wagon tongue 678: Yeah we'll just say this is your wagon tongue #1 Here # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: And here here's your horses Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well they've got chains that run down from {NW} From each side you know of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Until their collar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You familiar with horse collar's parts maybe #1 You should have seen a horse collar somewhere # Interviewer: #2 I think I've seen # I think so 678: Now these These chains have got a ring here {NW} This is what we call a singletree It's got a little old hook that comes out here and these hook into it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh it hooks on And these things are On swivels Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And these hook onto a A doubletree #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And uh That's how the horses are hooked up and there's a Center hole here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: This tongue comes across on back into here And this doubletree {NW} One horse gets hit why it'll just simply Turn on this #1 He walks # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Ahead and {NW} That's why you had to try to get horses of the same gait Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Compatible Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That uh {X} Had the same gait and and everything if he didn't why one of them would lay back and {NW} And your doubletree would be Similar to that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And old lazy bones you've got to whip him all #1 The time # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: But maybe it wasn't his fault maybe You take a short Fat man or woman They can't keep up with an old long-legged man #1 Or woman see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: So you had to try to match your Your teams up {NW} And most of the times it was hard to match a horse with a mule Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh I bet # It was 678: We lots of times I've seen teams that A horse and a mule made real good teams Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But it was the exception rather than the rule Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But uh that's uh and and and then up here in front they had what they called a neck yoke We'll just assume this is a horse's head Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Comes on out here This neck yoke held a tongue up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it was fastened to his Lower part of his collar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: With what they called a hang {NW} Hang chain Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The {X} Or thing that went around the collar And the hang chain Fastened onto the neck yolk and that's the way they guided the wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And pulled it this way Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh yeah that's 678: And uh people would see who could have the fanciest harness you know Interviewer: Uh-huh oh they would 678: Oh gosh yeah man Interviewer: Oh 678: They'd dress those horses up {NW} Fare you well Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: Oh well I didn't I never stopped to think about that that the you know you mentioned whips #1 Being fancy # 678: #2 Yeah # Oh yeah yeah Interviewer: Everything 678: Pride. It just all goes back to pride {X} Trying to keep not up with the Joneses but ahead of them Interviewer: Well the good the good uh sort of you made me understand it when you mentioned like a Cadillac you know and then I could oh thank you Aux: {NW} Would you like to have a sandwich there's some bacon and eggs Interviewer: No thank you Aux: I have three or four kinds of lunch meat some cheese Interviewer: I I ate breakfast this morning 678: {NW} Interviewer: Big breakfast Aux: I'd be glad to give you a sandwich or something Interviewer: Oh I appreciate it but I don't think so but Aux: Now really I don't a mind a bit in the world {X} Sit right on the table and you can come right in there and eat and Or eat it right here wherever you want because I'm gonna #1 Feed him too # 678: #2 Move this down on here # Place that you last Interviewer: Oh this is fine Aux: I've got to feed him too you know Interviewer: {NW} 678: I I don't smoke Aux: #1 {X} # 678: #2 And uh # Aux: And he's got a little family 678: #1 When the fellas # Interviewer: #2 No he said # 678: #1 Come in # Interviewer: #2 He wants # Breakfast 678: #1 When the fellas # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Come in here and smoke and I'm drunk after they smoke Interviewer: {NW} I don't smoke either so I no really I had a big breakfast Louise thank you though mm {X} Um now when you have a buggy uh before you hitch the the horse up you have to back him in between the 678: Shafts Interviewer: Now the out the the outside part of the wagon wheel do you call that the rim 678: {NW} Interviewer: What do they call that 678: The metal part Interviewer: Yeah that metal 678: Well it two things it it is the rim Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But most of them call it the tire Interviewer: The tire 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Mm-hmm now what about 678: #1 Even back then # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: before cars they referred to it as a {NW} Tire it it it it uh actually the rim the outer part {NW} But we called it a metal tire Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh And and they had the uh Dolly dog I can't think of the name of the Course they had this hubs and the spokes Interviewer: Mm-hmm and then 678: And then those other things I can't think of Interviewer: The spokes went up into uh 678: Into it was a filler of some sort {NS} What in the heck did they call that One of my blanks can't think Interviewer: There was a now I have heard some people call there's something that they call like a filler 678: A filler that's what I was #1 trying # Interviewer: #2 oh # A filler oh that's what that's what you were 678: It's a filler actually #1 But the word to they refer # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: #1 To it as a filler # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Filler Interviewer: #1 As a filler # 678: #2 See # Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm um 678: Couldn't I couldn't think sometimes like I said I forget names Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Now if you had a if a log had fallen across the road uh now you tie like a what would you do like put a chain around it and then to drag it out of the way how would you do that 678: {NW} #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Did you pay # 678: 'course it would be done with a team Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 And there's uh there's more than # Interviewer: #2 Oh and a team # 678: One way you can do it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But to answer your question we would We would put a chain we'd have a log log chains we had uh We had uh three types of chains Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} We had one fit on each Wagon bunk Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Went out {NS} And I'm talk I'm I'm I'm a little uh {NW} Misleading here but I'm talking about loading logs now in the wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: These two chains would go out In under the log And hook together And then we had what we called a cross haul Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It'd hook onto there and come back across the wagon and a team took one that loaded on the wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But we used to get back to your question we'd usually take the cross haul It had what they call a grab hook on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And we would uh Somewhere other get that under then the log Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Uh you couldn't say well we can't get it under there had to be a way #1 It had it # Interviewer: #2 There had to be a way # 678: You had to dig down In the earth and get it under there or if you had to if it's on {NW} Something solid why you just simply got a prize full of something and got it under there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Hoped you grabbed hook and hooked your team onto it and we called it snaking it Interviewer: Snaking it 678: Snaking it away Interviewer: Oh 678: And then there was another way if it was on the side of the road you would take your cant hook you never saw a cant hook I don't guess {NW} Well it's a big old long Shank so long curved about {X} With a Barb on it like a similar to a fish hook {NW} And it was on a Big long handle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh handle handle's strong where This hook uh fastened onto a big old Cuff of a thing and that went on over your handle and you just simply {NS} Got this Big pole on the log and put this hook under it and you got back and manhandled it rolled it off Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That's one way of getting it off the side of the road but {NW} If you had to take it any distance you would hook onto it and Either drag it or snake it we we can refer to as snaking Interviewer: But snaking if you said I snaked it would that mean the same thing as I 678: Drug it Interviewer: Uh-huh it would be just the yeah I see it was just another #1 Word # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: For that 678: Some of them used tow tow it away Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: But tow uh {NW} The way I look on the tow is {NW} Is something with wheels Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 But # A lot of them say I towed the log away but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We we'd either say {NS} We drug it away or we snaked it #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: The {NS} The general word right here was snaking Interviewer: Have you have you drug them a lot in the past 678: Well {NS} In in hauling logs {NW} You had to in o- in order to get into these Timbers you cut them you couldn't move them they they grew there you had to cut them down where they were Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: {NW} And then you might have to clear up Several little bushes to set your wagon close enough to this big log Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Now there's there's been logs big enough that you could It's impossible to move with teams Unless you be set your l- your wagon here by them and load it on the wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So there has been trees left that'd be That would grow in in between two scrub trees or something Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And say well we just can't get to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Until some wise guy would come along and say well we'll cut the other two trees and get them out of the way Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: See Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Lot of work but {NS} It's a valuable tree Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So {NS} If it was small logs {NW} Like we cut a lot of what we called second growth sappers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That was anywhere from Well maybe down to this small it uh something like this Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Then you could take a And we'd cut them in ten twelve fourteen sixteen foot lengths Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh there you could a hook a a good team what we call log team they were always strong Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It would hook on these logs and you would set your wagons say as far from here to that house right there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you could snake these logs in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Now if the butt of it the butt end got heavier than they could snake {NW} Then you would cut you {NS} Little trees down about that long and Oh say this big around And you'd put Those under that log Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh if you had someone with you he'd just {NW} When the log was drug they acted rollers see Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And uh when one'd come out he'd he'd grab this and run up and it put it in front Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well if you was by yourself you'd pull the left One out and then you would stop your team and you'd move that by yourself {NS} Interesting {NW} Lots of them {NW} Lots of planning lots of #1 Ingenuity went in with it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} I know When I was a kid when I was about twelve or thirteen my dad turned me loose to loading all the logs Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh I got one just about loaded one time and and I had four logs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: On the wagon you'd put three what they called bed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then two would fit in between those and then one on the top Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And when I loaded that top in my old hard-headed team {NW} Kept pulling turned the whole thing over Interviewer: Oh 678: Well you talking about a crying time I had it Interviewer: Oh 678: And things like that would happen to you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well then you had to {NW} Reset your wagon and re-snake those logs until do it all over again Interviewer: Oh goodness 678: But I {NW} I I I finally got ahold of me a team of horses That uh You could set out set them to pulling this log up and when that skids you know it #1 Wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Go up the wagon And uh they'd get that thing about halfway up skid and I'd holler hold it and they'd just stretch on hold that thing right there {NW} And they also was wise enough That when this log hit the bunks And the stop blocks Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: It made a certain noise and they knew that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they just stopped pulling Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Just uh wonderful to have teams like that Interviewer: Oh sure 678: {NW} Interviewer: That 678: But if this log you know a butt Butt logs are larger on one end than the other Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well if you roll it it's gonna gain see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it'll run off your wagon Interviewer: Oh I see 678: So the way you would do that If you had a team that you could depend on and uh you'd say Get up or okay whatever you way you spoke to them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} This uh This big end where it gained You'd take this big old cant hook which was twice big as this Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you'd throw it In front of this butt end On that skid and that'd cause it to roll And turn backwards and let the little end gain Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah {NW} Interviewer: So that that made it even out 678: And you could load your wagon {NW} There's science to everything you know Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: I've seen I've seen fellas that were numbskulls Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Load them to where the butt of the log would just barely be on the bunk Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And and a whole lot of it was hanging back behind well that {NW} That made the wagon pull balance bad and pull bad and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There's always a a danger of the thing that gradually work and and drop off see Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: They wouldn't they didn't know how to balance their load or anything about it Interviewer: Huh 678: But well we called those fellas ne'er do wells Interviewer: Ne'er do wells mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um {NW} oh {NS} When what would be some different types of plows that people used 678: Back then we had what we called a single stock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The double shovel Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The top harrow the gee whiz Interviewer: The gee whiz what was the gee whiz that's a #1 great name # 678: #2 It was a thing # It had uh A series of uh s- spring uh spring similar to this Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And was sharp on the end and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And just you just simply hold them down push them down and you ran as far as they wanted to go and they were springing they'd hit roots or something well they'd spring back and jump over see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then we had the breaking plow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the disc harrow that's the thing that has the round uh {NW} Well you see the disc now on tractors you know these huge We had those and And they were the heaviest tool a team had to pull it was really hard and we had the section harrow which was You could take apart and use one section or two sections or three sections depending on the size team or the Uh the size of the place you was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: harrowing down then we had the drag we had a drag that We had a bedder that bedded up the cotton drones then and we would either harrow them down with harrows and Or we'd drag it off with drags {NW} And uh that was followed with a planter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We had one row of planters and later my dad as soon as he'd come out he got him two row of planter he's Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah And we had uh Interviewer: Hmm 678: Cultivators Interviewer: Cultivators 678: And uh Of course uh getting out of the plow family we had uh More machines and hay rakes Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: We never owned a hay baler Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Had more #1 than one reason # Interviewer: #2 Yeah you # 678: one hay baler would take care of many farms Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: My dad My dad didn't have the time to operate it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he didn't with so much money invested in it that he didn't want to just let Dick Tom or Harry Run it And he didn't want to be tied down with it because if he'd get caught up why he He'd take my brother and I fishing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 So we'd make # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Arrangements with someone else to bale our hay Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And when that happened The hay baling crew and all of your own crew Would gang up and bale your hay and the Uh for instance {B} Would fix dinner for that whole crew Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If it took one day or two days or three days {NW} And have forty or fifty people {NS} But the neighbor women would come in and help Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh maybe {B} {X} {B} Today and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My mother and miss {B} {NW} Miss {B} Where would it be Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Would all take Things that they could fix and go over there And they'd pour that old coffee {X} Back when I was a kid it was boiled in a pot Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 Wasn't no percolator # To it you boiled a You ground your own coffee Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And boiled it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh coffee and milk was what you'd have {NW} #1 And water you had three choices # Interviewer: #2 Coffee and milk # 678: #1 Coffee water and milk # Interviewer: #2 Coffee milk # And water right 678: And uh kids didn't get the coffee {NW} #1 That's {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh but you did # Because 678: Yeah yeah #1 I switched around I switched around # Interviewer: #2 You switched around and got it # Uh-huh 678: Got it Interviewer: {NW} 678: Know that Uh you know that was uh that got the job done that harvested your crop and so much fun Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: The men would uh sit around and Rest during the noon hour and talk and the women would feed us and take those old fans and keep the flies away from us Interviewer: Oh oh yeah 678: Everybody happy You didn't see people unhappy those days It it's uh Really Mary it {NW} It's sad uh And you couldn't realize this unless you can Could have gone back you know and {NW} And lived it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We had mean people then and we had thieves then but they were the exception Interviewer: They were the they were very 678: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Unusual # 678: #2 And # {NW} And they were in one class {NW} #1 And we were in the other # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: And they were distinctly no good Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: They knew it they admitted it And they they were punished for it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh Interviewer: The kind of people now these though are not now the kind of people you referred to you were saying ne'er do well type people now they would not necessarily be #1 Thieves or anything # 678: #2 Mm-mm # Interviewer: Like that 678: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Now that was not the same # 678: The ne'er do wells were people #1 That were # Interviewer: #2 Just people # 678: Illiterate to the #1 Extent that uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: That they didn't know how to take the advantage Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If if they had uh {NS} Oh what we called a single stock plow you'd go down this side of the road and throw the dirt {X} {NW} And you'd come back the other side This day and time they plowed twelve rows at a time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well that single stock to them someone made it and it was a pretty good idea Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And but that's far as they'd ever think Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They didn't ever think well why couldn't I use Why couldn't I build something That'd do both sides of this at one time see And they didn't plan the they didn't cut their wood during the summer hot weather it was too hot see They didn't want to expose the {NW} Their kids to the mosquitoes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or to the hot weather {NW} To the chiggers and the ticks That went along with it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But they would wait 'til winter And the house would be cold and the kids would get sick Interviewer: Mm 678: And they'd have to get out in the snow and cut their wood Interviewer: Oh 678: I called it grasshoppering around Interviewer: {NW} 678: You know and to explain what I mean Interviewer: {NW} 678: When I was a child I was uh {NW} I was observing I In a lot of things #1 These grasshoppers # Interviewer: #2 You must have been # Reading that 678: These grasshoppers just Jump around have the biggest time in the world during the the Early or late spring and and summer and late and early fall But they finally run into a barbed wire fence and there they lodge For the winter Interviewer: {NW} 678: They die they get a barbed wire fence great big old grasshopper And you'll find him there during the winter Interviewer: Oh 678: And he'll he done just hop around all summer Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {NW} I called it grasshoppering around Interviewer: Oh that's 678: They just wouldn't do nothing but just Hop around Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Until it's too late Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: My dad has uh Loaned people wood during the winter Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: During the winter of uh Nineteen seventeen Interviewer: Mm-hmm I remember reading about that 678: {NW} And the snow was extremely deep Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And all winter long we had snow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we had to loan wood To our neighbors Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They'd come on those mud boats Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Get the {NW} We had all of our lane Full of logs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My dad uh As I said was a timber man {NW} And if he had some logs that {NW} They'd cut into these trees and maybe they'd be hallow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Why he'd have my me or my brother This happened to be before the time that I could uh drive a team but he'd have his Hard hats that haul these logs up and unload them in the lane Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And all winter long why {NW} As I said while we was resting we'd be cutting wood Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: And we'd sell wood and {NW} It kept us exercised but he'd always let us go hunting we'd just do that for him because we had all day #1 Long and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: And he'd cut that wood But these people would come borrow that would and And and I don't never remember But one man paying back Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 Any wood # And he only paid back Load for load Interviewer: Oh 678: They was they would come there and agree we'll cut you two loads of wood next summer #1 If you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: let us have one load now Interviewer: Oh I see 678: And he'd let him have it Interviewer: And he'd let him have it 678: Of course why he'd have given it to him because their family was cold Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Needed the wood and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they were good people but they didn't think Interviewer: #1 But they didn't # 678: #2 See # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Ne'er do wells # Interviewer: I think Louise said your breakfast was ready 678: {NW} Well if you {NS} Interviewer: Getting everything I was I was going over it and underlining some of the stuff I I was really surprised about this you know where it says uh uh finally it was 678: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Decided # 678: And that got even worse than I put there Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 And if # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: If they refuse now they you would tell them to haul they'd have to haul 678: They'd have to haul or get shot Interviewer: Uh-huh and they'd have to identify 678: That's right it's kind of it was it was going to be kind of like a vigilante #1 Committee # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: That the people was gonna organize And they was gonna put the signs up and everywhere that {NW} After a certain certain date Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: If uh If more than One or two or three people is More than two Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or anyone Had to identify their self Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Or get ready to start shooting and shooting back Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh for instance to I I didn't put everything in there and I don't know if I mentioned what I'm going to tell or not The old the {D: pilot} That was the captain Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Now I shook hands with one of his boys in Jonesboro the other day see that's what I mean by being Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Close Around {NS} Uh {NS} They lived right down below us and he couldn't read nor write Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But he got scared up and he'd come to my dad and my dad was working {X} Trying to find out who it was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he came to my dad and said I want to tell you {NW} Who these night riders are Interviewer: Oh 678: Then uh He did he told who a few of them was and said he was one of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: While he went back home And that night Uh They they began to suspect him they other fellow so they They got liquored up Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Now these men if they'd have been sober wouldn't have done that but they got liquored up {NW} On that white mule #1 Whiskey # Interviewer: #2 White mule # 678: White mule whiskey Interviewer: Oh {NW} 678: #1 White lightning they called it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: So they got this man And they took him out into the woods Interviewer: Oh 678: To build a big campfire Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NW} They said we're gonna go over here We we think you have Talked to another man about you was going to Turn us all in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We're gonna go after him Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And bring him back And they You can call him a liar he can call you a liar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We're gonna let you face one #1 Another # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And they didn't tell him what they was gonna do but said uh We'll tell you then what we're gonna do Well they build up this fire {NW} And they left one man to Guard this guy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And While they was going after the other fellow this old drunk this guy was guarding him he just got so drunk he just fell out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And this guy {X} He just slipped off his gun boots his hip boots Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he waited uh He went across the woods That's a little over a half a mile In the dark Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And slews and ridges slews and ridges in almost freezing weather {NW} And he came to my My dad's house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh But {NS} Before {NS} Before they took him over there I got a little hint at something before they took him to this campfire They brought him to my dad's house and he had an and my dad had one of these paling fences #1 Up about so high # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And they asked my dad if uh This man had told him anything {NW} Well my dad had to lie about it of #1 Course # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: Said no And uh Convinced them that he hadn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And all the time they had this man make him squat down back here behind one of the wagons Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And another man to guard him Interviewer: Oh 678: And {NW} The story went that if My dad had had said yes This man told me he was going to shoot my dad and shoot him too #1 And hush him up # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: See Interviewer: Oh 678: So then they went to this campfire Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And When he got loose he could come back and come by my dad's house and my dad said well you can cut across the fields and so forth and come down to mister Amos {B} He runs a store and he was the only man that has a telephone Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And said to tell him that I said to put you up Until daylight you'll get there before daylight and said uh Have him to call the sheriff Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And he called the sheriff and the sheriff come down and got him Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he turned state's evidence Interviewer: Oh he did so he he really turned himself in 678: Yeah turned himself in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: Wow that is really something that's really exciting 678: I don't know if I put all of it in or not but {NW} Me and uh a boy named Norman {B} Had been up to Pleasant Valley district Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Course to see some girls naturally Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh we came back back and {NW} I stopped by Norman's and you know chatted like boys will Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And even went into the horse lot with him and we we had in the barn what we called our gear room where we keep our harnesses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Hang our saddles and Rather than to get up into the gear room and hang it on the peg {NW} He just tossed it in the door that night Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And T- Tossed it on top of a man that was there waiting to burn the barn Interviewer: Oh 678: And did burn the barn Interviewer: And did that was the one that burned the barn 678: And the only reason he didn't burn the home of Norman {B} Daddy was they had one of these little uh Uh dwarf women you know #1 He had a sister # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: That was a little dwarf big head #1 You know and so forth # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: And they did have respect enough about him to say well If we burn that well maybe she wouldn't get a Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: So they didn't burn the house but he burned the barn Interviewer: Oh 678: And that night Interviewer: Mm 678: But us boys me and my brother {NW} Well mister {B} Told you about him but Of course I wouldn't want Him to even know that I wrote #1 This up # Interviewer: #2 No # No 678: We lived right {B} Time it was happening and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And now these boys their daddy was uh uh Captain of this thing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They didn't know he was captain they thought he was out coon hunting Interviewer: Oh I see 678: But we did do we knew they was Night riders and and we'd slip through the woods {NW} My brother and I and and these three boys And slipped right up close to them Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Oh you would # 678: #2 But # Yeah onto their campfire but they kepts dogs Interviewer: Oh they did 678: Yeah they kept the dogs with them and these dogs would bark Interviewer: Oh 678: And when the dogs would bark why {NW} They bet uh Anyone know they was around they better get the so and so out of there Interviewer: {NW} 678: We got Interviewer: {NW} oh that's funny that's great um let's see where'd we get to oh uh now back to the wagon on a wagon what do you call the part that the wheels spin onto that runs underneath the wagon 678: There's an axle {NW} And the {NS} And then there's a spindle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That fits on the end of the #1 Axle # Interviewer: #2 Fits on the end of the axle # 678: And the hub of the wheel goes onto that Interviewer: Mm-hmm um 678: I've got an old wrench that we used to screw the Interviewer: Oh really 678: Screw the nuts on the #1 End of the spindle # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: Found one just hung it up out there somewhere Interviewer: Oh um now if you were those kind of A-shaped wooden frames that you would lay boards across what would you call one of those oh I guess it it would be like two A-shaped things together with a piece across it and like if you were gonna have a church supper you might put them down 678: Oh Long trestles or horses Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} Wooden horses or Interviewer: Wooden horses 678: Are trestles Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm would they use them if they were sawing what would they put if they were gonna saw like if you were just needed to cut up your stove a little bit smaller what would you put it on 678: Oh {NW} Well that's a saw uh we a saw rack or a saw horse Interviewer: Oh uh-huh 678: It was it was an X shaped thing and Interviewer: An X shaped thing 678: Have a maybe {NW} Oh you'd have a Maybe as long as this room you'd have a X there and a X #1 Here and X here and X here # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: And uh you'd Pull it out saw one off pull it out saw one #1 Off # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Until you get down to {NW} To where you sawed the last one #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm well now uh if if your mother was fixing her hair she'd use a comb and a 678: Brush Interviewer: Have you ever seen her did they used to she have long hair #1 And she # 678: #2 Yep # #1 I # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 678: Combed her hair Interviewer: Oh you did 678: {NW} Those kids {NS} Kick me and my brother would get a kick out of #1 Combing mother's head # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # 678: She'd read to us Interviewer: Oh 678: She used to get us down around our knees and read the bible to us #1 At night # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Explain it Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you mentioned in in your uh memoirs that she really knew the bible #1 Well # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: I know 678: Lived it Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh now oh when they used to use those straight razors what would they sharpen them on 678: {NW} Well {NW} They Had a rock we called a hone Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We would hone them and then they would strap them Interviewer: Oh they would 678: Strop #1 They called it strop # Interviewer: #2 Oh they'd strop it # 678: So long {NW} Strop about that long and about so wide and generally hang on the wall and you get that out there and Well and {NW} You there's an art to that see Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 You would take a # {NW} If you didn't know how to strop one you'd cut it in two Interviewer: Oh really 678: See you would {NS} Like this was your razor Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You'd hold this strap and you'd go this way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well you wouldn't turn here see what it'd do to your edge Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 You'd come here # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Oh uh-huh uh-huh 678: See Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 And # Around these barber shops just {NW} Interviewer: #1 And they could do it real fast # 678: #2 And just oh # Gosh {NW} Well I stropped one but I uh When I first started shaving why I had me a straight razor I'm scared to death of them Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Things were dangerous you know # Interviewer: #1 They sound it sounds terrible # 678: #2 Oh my gosh # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 I cut this # My ear #1 Several times you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} #1 Oh goodness # 678: #2 And then you get # On with well any If you'd bear down on any Part of your face you'd just grab a slice of meat I I I'm even afraid of a barber getting ahold of my neck Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I always had the horrors of a barber having a heart attack Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 When he had to hold that razor on me see # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: {NW} And I always figured well if that sucker has a #1 Heart attack it'll be when I'm in his chair # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 Ain't that something # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's funny I never have thought of that 678: Shows I'm a little queer #1 See but uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {NW} That's that's one of the things in my life that has always bugged me Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Is going to a barber shop and that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And I never read of it happening Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But gosh it could Interviewer: It could 678: It could Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} He could have a hold of you and just cut your head off #1 With that thing # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's great 678: Or be under here you know used to where they shave them Have a hard time holding onto it and just Interviewer: {NW} 678: I never got over a half dozen shaves in a barber shop and that was partly #1 Reason # Interviewer: #2 That was partly # The reason oh 678: I was happy when I run across a safety razor Interviewer: Oh yeah I bet yeah then you didn't have to be afraid 678: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Anymore # Um what would you call the ammunition that they would put in a shotgun 678: Shells Interviewer: Uh would a shell be the same as a cartridge what would be the difference 678: Shells are {NW} In one effect are larger and made up of uh Paste water or hard cardboard uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the cartridge is uh all metal Interviewer: It's all metal 678: #1 Container # Interviewer: #2 Oh I # See um now we were talking about 678: A cartridge has a bullet in the end Solid lead bullet and a shotgun has shots Interviewer: Has shots 678: Shell rather Interviewer: Hmm um now we were talking about oh playing things that you'd play with like the bag swing did you ever know of children uh getting on a plank and one getting on 678: Teeter totter Interviewer: #1 Teeter totter # 678: #2 Oh # Oh yeah Interviewer: Yeah 678: And that's not the only only one now these if I'd have been in Mississippi I'd have said onliest Interviewer: Onliest {NW} 678: {NW} That's what they say Interviewer: That's great 678: Had the teeter totter Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then we had a merry go round Interviewer: Oh 678: Uh we'd have uh {NS} Well if you moved where there was uh Trees around why Maybe your dad would cut down a Saw down a tree about Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So big around and up about so high And he would get them a great long board Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And put uh {NS} Maybe put a seat of some sort but mostly you rode the thing bare back Interviewer: {NW} 678: A handle across the board Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: And then he'd bore a hole in the Center of this board Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Drive a big old metal Stop down in there and {NW} One get on one end one the other and the other would push Interviewer: {D: Oh} 678: You had two ways of getting out there and let them go around and ride you could {NW} Duck down and crawl out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If their feet didn't hit you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or you could time it and run out Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Well one time {NS} I was running one Just as fast it could go empty Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Fortunately it didn't have these handles on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Where it might have cut me in two Interviewer: Mm 678: But I I had it going just as fast as I could run Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I attempted to go out Run out and thing hit me in the side Interviewer: Mm 678: Like that broke me open {NW} #1 Well if it had those handles # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: over see it'd have stuck right on them Interviewer: Oh goodness 678: {NW} Interviewer: Oh you sure #1 Have had # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Some close calls 678: Oh I've had uh I've had three horses on top of me Interviewer: I read the one 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 About the # Uh where 678: The mule Interviewer: #1 The mule # 678: #2 Fell on me # Interviewer: #1 Fell on you # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Uh-huh that was 678: Nine year old {NS} Interviewer: Yeah that was terrible 678: {NS} You know after my bones I remember They were popping just like popcorn Interviewer: And you said and then that you wouldn't tell them 678: #1 No I didn't tell them # Interviewer: #2 And # And then uh your mother had got one and went to church 678: #1 Church and found it out # Interviewer: #2 Found it out at church yeah # #1 I couldn't believe that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um did you ever play on a like a jumping board anything like that #1 A jump board # 678: #2 Oh yeah # Yeah we had uh Jump boards kind of like a Like a diving board Interviewer: Kind of like a diving board mm-hmm 678: Spring you know we'd we'd jump on that thing see how high we could jump or how far we could jump {NS} Had all kind of gadgets Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh how about uh if the uh oh like taking two ropes and tying them to a tree and putting feet across it it'd have a 678: Little swing Interviewer: Mm-hmm had those too um now if people ever had um had coal if they ever burned coal what would they carry coal in 678: In a coal bucket {NW} That is uh Kind of had a chute on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NS} And put that chute in the The where you lifted the lid up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And poured her in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm um 678: Unfortunately I only burned coal one year I Done meat the rest of my life Interviewer: #1 Oh they did # 678: #2 I hate # That stuff Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah # 678: #2 Nasty # Interviewer: {NW} 678: You can't have a house #1 With the smoke and all # Interviewer: #2 Oh ew # Yeah ew well you know when you had uh like those wood burning stoves uh what would run from the stove to the chimney to take the smoke out 678: {D: Sulfite} #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {D: sulfite} # 678: Six inch pipe Interviewer: Six inch pipe um how about now this is a like a little vehicle that's got one wheel and two handles to carry heavy things 678: Uh Interviewer: Like 678: One wheel Interviewer: Uh-huh just it 678: Oh you mean the wheelbarrow Interviewer: Yeah yeah did they use those 678: Oh gosh yeah We made uh {NW} You could buy them or you could buy a wheel make them we did and made ours Interviewer: Oh you made your own 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Well I never heard of that 678: You could buy wheelbarrow wheels and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you could make them as large as you wanted Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 678: Side boards on them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We made them uh Lot of people would make them with a little bed on them and then then they'd put side boards and {X} We made {NW} We made the platform {NS} And the side boards were We could uh add to it or we could take it off and just use a platform and there we could put fence posts {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Cross wise on it see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NW} Just push them Down through the country Interviewer: Oh I didn't know 678: Rather than tote them on your shoulder #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm uh well now what about a kind of a porta- a rock that you could carry around to sharpen like a side or something 678: Like a what now Interviewer: Like a rock that just a rock that you might carry in your pocket to sharpen a tool if you're cutting with a 678: Uh you mean the whet r- whet rock that's what they called it Interviewer: Whet rock 678: Now they call them a {D: carver hunting stone} Interviewer: Oh 678: They dress it up a little you know Interviewer: But it's the same 678: #1 Still whet rock # Interviewer: #2 Thing # How about one that that you sharpen things with that had a handle that you turned 678: That's was an emery wheel Interviewer: Emery wheel mm-hmm 678: Well no we had two Mary we had the Old time grindstone Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 Grind # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Which is a finally Well might say knitted rock My dad's Rock was that big around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that thick Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he he had it bend to this square In the middle of it And you put that onto a shaft And then you made your own wooden crack Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And you stationed that on a stand and He'd get out here to the hand sharpen that ax and one of Us children would turn the The old thing and keep water Interviewer: Oh 678: Pour water on it well finally Show you how he was always the thinker Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh we We poured the water on and of course it'd run dry and we'd have to pour more on and get more Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Too much water {NW} He rigged him up a thing with a Simple tin can on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And just punched a little bitty hole in it he just had a constant drip on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 On this thing # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: See Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Which is as simple as A B C yet what an improvement Interviewer: What an improvement 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What do you 678: And you could keep grinding the other way. You {NW} You had to have somewhere to pour the water Or he had stop gri- uh With his ax or I had to stop grinding to pour the water on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So that simple little uh Stick that he put up there with a {X} Through a tin can Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And a little hole Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Why it fed the water constantly Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Well he really was # 678: #2 But uh that's what # You call the old grind stone Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 678: #2 But then # And the emery was uh More abrasive #1 And smaller # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Mm-hmm 678: Turned faster and {NW} It would cut your Ax down and {NW} Really Abuse it more or less but it would get the shape that you wanted and then you'd go back with the old {NW} Grind stone and Cut it down to a Interviewer: Oh 678: Smooth it out and then even take your whet rock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Back then they had that old whet rocks that long Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you would go up each side and well those axes was sharp as Interviewer: Mm 678: Almost sharp as razors Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I've got a When I was a child I got ahold of my dad's ax and And I think I can show you {NS} Interviewer: Oh #1 You did that with an ax # 678: #2 I was # I was I was four year old when I done that Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: Four 678: But I've got other scars like that I got playing baseball Interviewer: Oh from playing baseball uh-huh 678: {X} Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 This one was caused from a knife # Interviewer: #2 Baseball # 678: I mean a axe Interviewer: From an axe when you were four 678: Never went to the doctor it Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} Interviewer: #1 What in the world were you doing with an axe # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: When you were four years old 678: I was just out in the back {X} Pile and I well of course I'd watch him cut Wood and I thought well I'll try it Interviewer: You had seen 678: #1 And I picked # Interviewer: #2 Yup # 678: The axe up and I hit the stick and it glanced off and whack Interviewer: Oh 678: I just laid her down went walking in and had blood all over me blood all over the floor Interviewer: Oh 678: You know a scar that wide should have been #1 Sewed up yeah # Interviewer: #2 Should have been sewed up sure # 678: Nothing to it Interviewer: But you had you were a little kid you'd see you had seen 678: Watch my dad yeah Interviewer: Oh 678: Wanted to try it Interviewer: So you wanted to try it oh 678: That's one of the times that he was careless ordinarily he would have {NW} Put that ax up or he would have stuck it in a block of wood so Deep that we couldn't get it out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It might have been my mom was out there using it over there getting some {X} She needed or something and she may have Carelessly left it Interviewer: Mm goodness 678: I couldn't looking back I can't hardly believe my dad would Interviewer: Would be that careless 678: be that careless Because he was more conscious #1 Of those things # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: But uh my mother would have uh Probably If she'd have used she'd probably just Stood it down the side of the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it's so dangerous Standing them down on the side of a {X} You can just hit your foot against one it'd cut you open see Interviewer: Mm 678: It's like hitting a razor they kept them sharp back then {NW} Felt like {X} Interviewer: {NW} 678: I even chop concrete with it some Interviewer: {NW} 678: That doesn't help it at all Interviewer: {NW} Oh your mother now if she was uh baking something like biscuit what did she do to the pan to keep them from sticking 678: Well I suppose {NW} Mary that she Greased them I imagine with with lard because uh I don't believe they used butter so much #1 For cooking back then # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh they would have # Probably used lard 678: We had what we called pure lard hog hog lard Interviewer: Oh and they would grease 678: {NW} Interviewer: #1 With that # 678: #2 Yeah # {NW} This hog lard would get old And Smell a little rambunctious #1 During hot hot summer months # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: But again my dad had ways of overcoming that they had what they called uh {NS} That was pure lard and then they had shortening #1 When they # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: First come out with shortening made from Cotton seed Interviewer: From cotton seed Uh-huh 678: {NW} And uh that was be- Better summer grease than than the {NS} Pure lard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well what my dad would do he would {NW} We'd kill butcher these hogs and {NS} And make oh five or six stands of lard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Enough to do us a year {NW} But he'd take uh he'd decide about what We could use until up up until it would begin to Yellow up and begin to smell now {X} Wasn't anything wrong with it except uh {NW} It was strong Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Say we had uh We'd make seven stands of lard and he figured that Uh three of them would do us until {NW} Middle June Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well he'd take four down here to A friend of his mister {B} In a tremendously big store and he put uh This pure lard in there that mister {B} Sell it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh he wouldn't take the money he'd just Wait and buy a bag of shortening in place of it #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: During the summer {NW} So he kept my mother {NW} In plenty of good groceries and and would look ahead #1 At things like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: {NS} {NW} And some of those I say the ne'er do wells {NW} They {NW} This is so believe it or not but they they took that lard and when it would it would be so Rank that you could smell it on the bread On through their food Interviewer: #1 Oh my heaven how horrible ugh goodness # 678: #2 {NW} # Oh that was Again that was the exception rather than the rule #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Than the rule # 678: And {NS} And Interviewer: Well if you got lard all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 678: Greasy yeah greasy Messy Interviewer: Well it would be they would #1 Would be real # 678: #2 Yeah it would be # Greasy yeah Interviewer: Would be uh now the well if you had a door hinge that was squeaking what would you have to put on it 678: {NW} Before my time they put {D: briar} grease on it #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh did they # 678: Well I read that Interviewer: #1 You read that yeah # 678: #2 {X} # But we {NS} {NW} Well we had from the time I can remember we've had what we called three in one oil #1 Machine oil # Interviewer: #2 Oh you had # #1 Machine oil that you used on that # 678: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # My mama {NW} Owned a sewing machine from the day I can remember Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And she had a little sport can that uh And that's what she hauled uh She took care of the house my dad didn't mess with that Interviewer: Mm-hmm didn't mess with that at all 678: She'd run him off #1 Nobody messed with her house # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Well now would the uh that the what you burned in the lamp uh you said it was 678: #1 I think it was kerosene # Interviewer: #2 Kerosene # Did was that ever called anything else other than 678: Coal oil Interviewer: Oh would that be the same thing coal oil and kerosene would be the same thing well then now when they first began to have electricity uh did they have lamps or did they just have it like hanging from the ceiling just have a 678: They had the old what we called the old drop cord Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Sure you've seen some of the old uh {NW} Green and black mix twisted wire Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 And then that would be # 678: #2 That's what it was # And had a little rosette at the top that you {NW} You'd measure rig up this uh {NS} A thing similar to this right here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And your cord would go in that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then it'd fasten fasten onto a little What they called a rosette part of it went up And connected to your Wires up in your loft and then you'd take this other part and just {NW} Kind of screw it in there and and then uh you had these {NW} Push and pulls or {NW} The jerk cord type Interviewer: Mm-hmm and did they have um uh did the bulb look like it does now 678: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Did they have a # 678: More a lot of clearer bulbs back then Interviewer: Oh they did #1 They had clearer # 678: #2 Lot clearer ones # Interviewer: Oh 678: Hurt your eyes something awful Interviewer: #1 I didn't know that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 They were clear # 678: #2 Yeah # Yeah personally we had one clear on our Delco system Interviewer: Uh-huh well did they did they call them lightbulbs like they do now 678: {NW} I don't know I don't know if they called them lightbulbs or not Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 Undoubtedly undoubtedly did # Interviewer: #2 But they were the same thing # Mm-hmm did you ever see a lamp that was just made out of a rag a bottle and kerosene just kind of a 678: #1 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 Like a makeshift lamp # What were those called 678: I don't know Interviewer: Um 678: They wouldn't know what the word improvised meant back then #1 But that's what it but that's what it was # Interviewer: #2 Oh but it definitely would be yeah # #1 Um # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} Okay now uh inside of a the tire of a the early cars now did they have inner uh did they have the inner 678: Holster you mean Interviewer: No #1 Inside # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: The tire 678: Oh the tire #1 It had a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Tube inner tube #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 They did have # The inner tubes in the in the early cars um if somebody had just built a boat and they were going to put it in the water for the first time they'd say they're going to 678: Launch it yeah Interviewer: What kind of boats would they use like if they were gonna go fishing maybe on a did what 678: You mean here Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh 678: Well {NS} To fish we had what we called a flat john boat #1 Built out of lumber # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Just a Very crude affair Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Because you didn't no motors #1 You didn't go very far # Interviewer: #2 No motors # Right 678: You just uh Fished off the bank or if you got {NW} Uh real ambitious you'd build you a boat Get out in the deeper water or go downstream or Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Maybe setting out set ups or drop lines Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then they had the what they called the Canoes or dug outs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh I remember my dad And a friend made a Canoe from a big red gum tree just #1 Hued it out # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And it was perfectly shaped Interviewer: Oh 678: And my brother and I couldn't hardly wait until we got in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he finally the the high water came in just to take your time and He put this canoe out in there and he We noticed he would stand up and And uh push it with a {NW} With a big long pole Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh we couldn't hardly wait until we got in that thing Interviewer: Mm 678: And we never did get in it {NS} Interviewer: #1 Oh you never # 678: #2 Well # We never did get in it we got halfway in it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Until it turned over Interviewer: Oh it did 678: Just like a barrel you know Interviewer: Oh 678: And it took us quite a while to learn how to sit down and it not #1 Turn over # Interviewer: #2 And not turn over # 678: Let alone paddle it around Interviewer: Oh goodness did you learn 678: Oh yes yes we'd have died or learned Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 You know # Interviewer: {NW} 678: But we just kind of Indian fashion you know they set flat down so we my dad said after he laughed at us a while he'd say well set that plant down Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Take a paddle one get on One end and one the other Interviewer: So then you learned to #1 Just # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: So y'all sat down 678: {NW} And to show you the confidence he had in us uh after we Had uh Ridden that boat around there a while and He thought we was safe he put us in this {D: Grudgy ditch} Down here wasn't as large as it is now but it was High high water and running wild and he put us in that thing and {NW} And uh He met us on down about a quarter of a mile in the wagon and took the us and the boat out and we hauled it back Interviewer: Oh 678: Let us ride downstream in that thing Interviewer: Well he really did #1 Have confidence in you if he did that # 678: #2 {NW} # Yeah he told us to do it well we could swim like ducks you know and he figured we turned over we'd swim out Interviewer: Yeah I noticed in there #1 You were talking about # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: One one uh summer where you did a lot of swimming and stuff #1 You and your brother # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Uh and I didn't I didn't r- so y'all could #1 You swam # 678: #2 Oh # That's one of things like a duck we learned to swim Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Very few kids back then could #1 Course they'd live # Interviewer: #2 Everybody swam # 678: Uh we had a {NW} The boys that were uh I called them progressive boys would all learn to swim Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We'd slip off and go to the swimming hole #1 Take our younger brother # Interviewer: #2 Oh you did # 678: Take the younger brothers along We would go by sometimes and ask uh neighbors or Can Bob and Joe go to the swimming hole with us no no They don't know how to learn well let them go learn how no they'll have to wait until they learn how to swim Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well it never struck me then but how would they learn #1 Without going in see # Interviewer: #2 If they never went # {NW} 678: #1 So # Interviewer: #2 That's right # 678: Those boys {NW} Probably never learned to swim We didn't have the opportunity to go to swimming pools and be supervised #1 So # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: {NW} A lot of old men in this country right today my age can't swim Because their their parents wouldn't let them Interviewer: Never let them 678: And after they got growing they didn't care enough about it you know as a sport to try Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But us fellows was permitted to go now should we learn to swim {NW} I've been down a third time twice #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 Oh you don't mean it # 678: My brothers pulled me out twice and I didn't uh I'd already lost conscious Interviewer: You don't mean it 678: {NW} Interviewer: You mean you can 678: #1 My arm went up that waters # Interviewer: #2 Come back from the # 678: Sounded like felt like I was bottom of the whole ditch #1 Grudge ditch # Interviewer: #2 Oh # And you come back close to 678: That's right Interviewer: Drown 678: Went down the third time he {NW} He pulled me out one time and I Interviewer: Well you'd have drown if it weren't for 678: Oh yeah one more time I well {NW} When I'd have gone back down that'd have been it But that happened lots of times when we was in swimming #1 I remember # Interviewer: #2 Oh it did # 678: One time I Feel something against my leg it'd be fifteen or twenty of us boys down at the old swimming hole Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And all who {NW} Who were all laughing Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh mud throwing mud at one another you know and {NW} I I remember Feeling something against my leg and I thought it was a fish and I jumped And I felt it again and it didn't feel like fish and I fell down {NW} Picked up a kid about seven year old at that time I was about ten Interviewer: Oh 678: I don't know how long he had been under we got him out there and laid him on his belly and {NW} Well we end up bashing on him that's all we knew to do in fact {X} Water just gushed out Interviewer: {NW} 678: Sick #1 Oh got so sick # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: After that's over you just want to die Interviewer: Oh 678: But the positive of that it's three miles down to the old swimming hole and I'd always be ready to walk back you know Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 They'd have # A fight or two on the way home Interviewer: Maybe have a fight or two on the way home that's great that's really something I can't believe you came that close #1 To drowning # 678: #2 Yeah # I didn't even remember when they pulled me out Interviewer: You didn't 678: No Interviewer: Wow that's scary 678: You know it didn't scare me it didn't excite me and I didn't realize I thought well I just figured that oh there'd be someone there to pull me out Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Nothing to it {NW} Interviewer: Uh now if a person had wanted to sign their name in ink they'd use a 678: Oh well you know way back then they used a quill but uh {NW} Um well we had what we call a Pen staff I believe they called it a Ink pen Interviewer: Mm-hmm they would have to #1 Fill it # 678: #2 We bought uh # Yeah well now that was fountain pen Interviewer: Oh that's fountain pen 678: What I'm talking about is uh One about like this that you #1 Bought extra # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Points and slipped them up in there Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah Interviewer: Heard of that 678: Really before your time Interviewer: Yeah 678: But you're thinking about the {NS} The fountain pen this is the old #1 Fountain pen # Interviewer: #2 The old fountain pen # 678: See you would Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Why it's broke down I {NW} I just use it dipping I like to write with them #1 Once in a while # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: But uh It had a a little thing here that you'd mash you know and that sucked the ink up in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I got the bottle of ink there and Once in a while people want something signed in ink Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} I'll think when they say that That it's an old saying and that these are just as good Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But when they say signed in Interviewer: #1 Ink # 678: #2 Ink # Interviewer: You use 678: I say I'm a notary public and when they say something is signed in ink I get this out Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And I get it they're in good writing order and give it to them and {NW} It scares the tar out of a lot of people getting a little something like that Interviewer: {NW} #1 That's great # 678: #2 But talking about # The writing I have a letter Down there that's {NW} My great granddaddy wrote my daddy Interviewer: Oh #1 Really # 678: #2 In eighteen # Ninety-eight And it was uh it was wrote with a Peculiar colored It was dark ink But my dad said that he believed that uh The best he can remember that His granddaddy wrote that with one of the old quills Interviewer: With one of the old quills 678: Why he was the At the time my great my great granddaddy was a {NW} County judge up in Saint {NW} Saint Clare County Missouri Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he wrote that letter to Time Interviewer: Hmm 678: And that's one of my relics is that old letter Interviewer: Yeah that's great to have kept that that's that's really hmm uh what would they use you know you were talking about they used those uh flower sacks for baby's diapers what would they hold the diapers on with 678: Safety pins Interviewer: They had safety pins 678: Yeah Interviewer: Well now if you bought something in can what was the can usually made of 678: Well it'd be a {NW} You didn't buy many cans but if you did {NS} Back when I'm talking about when when I was a From the time I can remember up until I was about twelve or thirteen year old that's what I generally refer back to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But if you bought it in cans it was in tin and you had to empty it Quick Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You let it {NW} Rinse in sardines would uh If you'd leave them in there thirty minutes And then eat them why you'd have a diarrhea Interviewer: Oh #1 Goodness # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Just that #1 That length # 678: #2 Oh yeah # Interviewer: Of time 678: Yeah you'd get ptomaine poison Interviewer: Oh it would be it would be poison actually 678: One of the things that I remember we got back in cans and it was pork and beans that's #1 One of their # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Things I can remember {NW} A way back Interviewer: Way back coming in cans 678: But uh no peaches or apples you dro- you bought those dried Interviewer: Oh you bought those dried 678: We used to buy them in a box peaches Peaches box about so long so wide and so deep Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Great big beautiful red peaches Interviewer: Oh they would be that 678: Dried yeah Interviewer: Dried and they would not be all shriveled up 678: Oh no they would be this these little bitty ones you'd get dried peaches that was that big around and pressed into these boxes Just the prettiest color and you talk about fine pies man Interviewer: Oh well now 678: Wooden boxes very sanitary at the time Interviewer: I never heard about that 678: {NW} Interviewer: The only thing that I've seen were just all uh 678: In little old paper sacks uh cellophane sack #1 Little bitty {X} things # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Right right # 678: {NS} Peaches uh be half as large as this right here {NW} Interviewer: You don't mean it I didn't even know they did that 678: And and getting back to the lard situation {X} Uh {NS} Grease that they used Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We would put put this uh Hog lard aside And then the sugar was something we couldn't grow Interviewer: Yeah 678: We would always buy Oh two or three hundred pounds they come in hundred pound sacks Interviewer: Oh sugar 678: #1 And put # Interviewer: #2 Did # 678: Put that up For the winter Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And {NW} We we grew some wheat but Uh we would all sell it but uh For all our meals and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then uh then we would either take a new bill and buy flour back or Or we would buy flour directly from the store mister {B} and I referred to we'd get flour here for the box car loaves #1 Fit # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Twenty-five and fifty pound sacks Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And some of it in old wooden barrels Interviewer: Oh the flour would come in 678: As long as we could buy it in wooden barrels my dad would buy about three barrels of flour Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: To last all winter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well when spring would come {NW} Well if you didn't have it used up why the weevils would get in it see Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Then you'd mix it up into a batter and feed it to your hogs and family Interviewer: Oh it'd feed uh-huh 678: But {NW} We would we would store up sugar And flour Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And coffee and then uh the things the essential things or things we wanted that we couldn't grow Interviewer: That you couldn't grow 678: So we didn't worry about food during the winter Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} 678: We had all kinds of fruit all kinds of jellies and jams Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: All kinds of dried peas and dried beans Potatoes put up Uh apples put down in barrels layers and {X} Apple flavored {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh Everything imaginable peanuts put up uh popcorn Interviewer: Mm 678: And had all that stuff and sorghum molasses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We'll grow our own sorghum they'd have the sorghum mill around So you didn't worry about uh you had to buy pepper and salt and uh and spice and Sugar and flower and coffee And tea if you drink tea seldom did we drink any tea it was hot you know Interviewer: #1 It was hot right # 678: #2 Hot tea # Interviewer: Hot tea yeah how much was a dime worth then 678: Well there's an old saying it's worth a dime Interviewer: {NW} 678: Now it's worth about one cent Interviewer: But was it worth it was worth 678: Yeah Interviewer: Ten 678: That's right it was pure silver Interviewer: And it was worth actually worth ten cents 678: I've got some of the old ten cents dimes Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Pure silver dimes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} But then you bought a dollar a dollar's worth for a dollar Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I bought uh blue denim pants for sixty cents a pair That you pay twenty one dollars for now Interviewer: Oh 678: Course they got them dressed up like your your uh Interviewer: With the #1 With all that stuff # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Fancied up now but It didn't make them wear any better see Interviewer: Hmm 678: But I bought during the depression {NS} I bought {NS} Uh blue jeans for sixty cents a pair Interviewer: Really during the depression 678: I remember a thing that happened {X} {NS} 678: {NS} Interviewer: #1 I like hearing stories # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um 678: {NW} Interviewer: Story about the uh the one about the the people doing the doing the route and the one with the corn and the that you were telling me 678: Oh you want the egg story too Interviewer: And the egg story too right yeah 678: Well This is the {NS} Ozark {NS} Mountain boy you know Interviewer: Yeah 678: And uh his Didn't get to go to town very often so this one trip he Decided while he was there he would uh Get him some store-bought food Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} So he went in this restaurant and Took his seat and a waitress came up and said uh what would you like to eat He flashed a big grin said eggs And uh {NW} That kind of her took back you know and she said uh Well how do you like the eggs he said I like them Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh {NW} That uh stumped her again so she said well how do you like them cooked he said oh I like them that way too Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {NW} And then there's uh {NW} Oh I can't think of the good ones when I need to but #1 The # Interviewer: #2 The one you were telling about the roof about fixing the # 678: Yeah about the Arkansas traveler there was a #1 Book called # Interviewer: #2 The Arkansas traveler # 678: The Arkansas traveler and this City Man was traveling through selling his elixirs and this that and the other and uh {NW} It was rainy weather and And this man invited him in and when he got in why the roof was leaking pretty badly Said your house leaks doesn't it said yes sir He said why don't you fix it well said it's uh Raining Can't fix it while it's raining {NW} He said well why don't you When it's dry why don't you fix it said I don't need it then #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {X} 678: And then uh {NW} And then he walked on you know the next day w- by this fellow's farm Saw this little scrawny corn you know that was all of it turned yellow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: He asked him uh said uh {NW} Well said uh Now see it Turned dry around here and your {NW} Corn's uh turned yellow what's wrong with it he said why I planted a yellow kind So That's about all I can recall out of the Arkansas traveler but Interviewer: Traveler 678: {NW} Interviewer: Still look up that book 678: {X} You know I don't know how you could get ahold of that book {NW} I was Huh Aux: It's in the Library of Congress 678: Um oh yes but uh You know I think of it so often and and I read these things when I was a child Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: About uh These salesmen would go in through the country you know and of course these mountaineers had all kind of callouses and corns on their feet from going barefoot and they'd sell them This stuff to Take the callouses and corns off and having to soak their feet Overnight you know and this that and the other and of course when the they'd get all the money The old boys Women's feet were so sore then they couldn't uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: From soaking them in this concoction that they couldn't bother them you know it's {NW} It was the it was a scream all the way through it Interviewer: I wonder if the 678: {NW} Interviewer: Library here would have it 678: I don't know it might We have a real fine library County library out here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Real fine It's uh Aux: {X} Interviewer: Yeah I will 678: The Arkansas traveler Interviewer: Might just go by the library tomorrow 678: If you could get ahold of a book like that you would certainly enjoy it Interviewer: Um next thing I want to ask you about is clothing 678: The what Interviewer: Clothing 678: You mean the {NW} The early clothing Interviewer: Right like when you remember now what would you wear to church usually Aux: Overalls 678: {NW} Well uh you mean when when I was a boy Interviewer: Yeah Aux: On Sundays 678: Well we had these uh Sunday clothes alright Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh Think I've told you before my dad was a Little bit better provider than Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Than I would I say the average Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But at that time {NW} We wore Pants That {NW} {X} We would wear long stockings And pants that uh Buttoned around here with a little flap on them and then bloused down Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And buttoned shoes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I remember those button shoes And that white shirt s- starched uh Until it would Scar your neck Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I'll tell you a funny one on my brother And on me too Mama sent us to church one Sunday morning she didn't go along she sent us Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he kept moving Neck around you know and I I was wanting to know what was wrong he said well that Shirt collar's so stiff it was Chafing his neck real bad Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he'd keep squeezing it And squeezing it and squeezing it couldn't do any good so he just dropped on the side of the road he uh did chew the starch out {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Chew the starch out of it # {NW} 678: That's right chewed the starch out of it that shirt where it would lay down Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Interviewer: That's great 678: Well you'd have to know my brother uh Wayne knows that he would he's trying to follow how he could do that Interviewer: This is thick 678: {NW} Yeah thick Interviewer: #1 Right # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} Interviewer: I feel like I know your #1 Whole family having read your # 678: #2 That's good # Uh we wore uh we everyday we wore the country boy's overalls Interviewer: Well what about your what did the the older men wear to church 678: {NW} They they would have a suit Interviewer: They would #1 What did they # 678: #2 Uh uh # Interviewer: Consist of 678: Well they had the at that time they'd have the vest and the {NW} I remember the the uh material they call it worsted Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Surge Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it would be a brown or a black or a blue Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Those are the three colors Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I I used to wonder about my dad he He would split his suit up and I thought with suits you do as a suit Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But if he wore his brown coat he wore his blue trousers and his black trousers {NW} Well just uh Now I look back and that is kind of a forerunner he was a little ahead of the times Interviewer: Yeah 678: Oh yeah Aux: {NW} Interviewer: He was wearing 678: Uh-huh that's right he was splitting them up {NW} And and I wondered why Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But uh course I'd have a suit I'd wear that whole thing I remember having a green surge suit Dark green I thought that was the prettiest thing I ever put on {NW} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Kind of like they wear up north you know Aux: Socks was the biggest problem 678: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Socks were a big problem # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah oh you had to have those Full length socks for your {NW} Sunday clothes and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh No holes in them they Interviewer: {NW} 678: They had to be good ones They had kind of a hole of course you didn't throw them away your mama would darn them up Interviewer: Oh 678: Take a darn needle and Fix it to where you couldn't hardly find it Interviewer: Well how often would they get a new suit 678: How would they Interviewer: How often would they get a new suit 678: {NS} If the men would get one every three or four years they would Call theirself being extravagant Interviewer: Oh really 678: And the only reason the boys would get one each year they would outwear them Interviewer: Oh but but 678: And I I got handed them down to me I was a second child Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And I'd wear my brother's suit Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {X} I seldom got a new suit Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # Second hand Interviewer: You just got the second 678: Second hand Charlie yeah Interviewer: Well did they did they fit you 678: Oh well it didn't make much difference you wore them anyhow Interviewer: Oh whether it fit or not 678: Sure you {NW} You Long as you could get in them Why you wore {NW} Oh we had a certain amount of pride to it of course my dad and mama wanted me to look good but If the sleeves were a little long that didn't uh {X} Wasn't too sh- too short but they got it Tight why Then they'd They would cut those up and make skirts for the girls Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Your mama's probably not old enough to even remember those {NW} She probably didn't cut up The men's clothing and make skirts with My mama would take the old suits And the And the suits would Become too small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And make skirts for the girls Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And {NW} Well you had to economize Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You had to use everything nothing throwed away Interviewer: Oh 678: Course we wore the long handle underwear don't #1 Forget that # Interviewer: #2 Oh you did # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's funny um now what would happen like if a shirt was not sanforized or something and they washed it in hot water what would happen 678: If uh if you weren't careful I It would be too small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} They {NW} There's no such word as sanforized back then or there {X} Probably might have been a word but no such uh treatments Interviewer: #1 Treatments # 678: #2 As # Such But #1 We would uh # Interviewer: #2 Well how did you # 678: We once in a while we would Buy a shirt that would draw up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But {NW} When it did well my mama would go back to the man that sold it to her Aux: Most of the time you bought a shirt a little bit 678: Too big Interviewer: #1 Oh you did and then tie it on a string # Aux: #2 Overalls # Same thing 678: Yeah {NW} But Interviewer: You did and then you would count on it to shrink 678: To shrink some Aux: {X} Interviewer: Oh you did oh you could just always 678: But if you got ahold of one that'd shrink excessively why then you You fussed at the The man sold it to you and there was no no argument he'd take it and and the factory made it good Unless you bought it uh knowing that it was cheap and that it might draw up Interviewer: Well now those overalls and things uh did they have them like they do now with lots of pockets in them 678: Mm-hmm about the same Interviewer: And you can stuff 678: {NW} Had uh Two side pockets two hip pockets One pocket here on the bib Place for your pencil and then a watch pocket Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: For your watch Interviewer: Well if you stuff a lot of stuff in your pockets would they uh uh you know 678: Bulge out Interviewer: Yeah 678: Sure Interviewer: Yeah I mean were they 678: As kids keep pulling marbles and rocks you know Interviewer: Yeah yeah 678: {NW} things like that Interviewer: Um Aux: Wasn't no worry in that 678: {NW} No Interviewer: #1 Ignored it # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Um # Aux: #2 Everybody # Carried fish hooks if something dropped Interviewer: Oh they did Aux: {X} Interviewer: Um what if you were talking about a woman who would with all the standing in front of the mirror kind of you know fixing herself up all the time you'd say she really likes to what would they call it 678: Primp Interviewer: Primp yeah 678: {NW} Yeah #1 Well we # Interviewer: #2 How about # How about somebody who always likes to wear fancy clothes they'd say she really likes to 678: You mean how would they express it Interviewer: Yeah they'd say she likes to uh 678: Well now {X} Some of these saying I've heard fellows say that she likes to put on the doll but uh Interviewer: Oh really 678: {NW} But uh {NW} That may not be the answer you was expecting but Interviewer: That's interesting 678: That's that's one I've heard Interviewer: What would you call a small leather container for for carrying coins in 678: Coins Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} A pocketbook {NW} My dad carried a pocketbook about so long with the old snap Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh He had have a He had a little Pocket up closer that he carries bills in you know that wouldn't go all the way down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And in his change went down in the sack part and he'd dug all that up and put it in his pocket Interviewer: What about your mother what would she carry money in 678: Well she {X} My mama if I remember probably Probably would have only owned one Uh big purse Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: They didn't have A color for each suit you know back then Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} They'd own a purse and that'd be it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I suppose I don't remember buying it I just suppose it had the little snap Places inside for the change Aux: You know how women used to fix their hair Interviewer: No Aux: You've seen the old kerosene lamps Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: They had curling irons you know Interviewer: Oh Aux: And they'd put the iron the irons down in the heat Interviewer: Down in the Aux: Heat Interviewer: In in the lamp 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Oh 678: The springtime Wooden handles Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Aux: {X} Fix their hair 678: Clamp it on there Aux: Clamp it 678: Wayne's mother used one Aux: I've seen my mother do that Interviewer: Oh really Aux: {X} 678: She'd crimp that hair and then just she'd just work on it and work on it #1 Work on it yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # Aux: Takes a long time 678: {NW} But you had plenty of time Aux: {NW} Interviewer: But you had more time Aux: Nobody could go to a beautician first of all there wasn't any Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 Second # You know people didn't have the money Interviewer: And you wouldn't have the money right {NW} 678: And you you wouldn't have had someone saying that She's one of the uppity ups because Interviewer: Oh right mm-hmm now in the way of jewelry what would you call something like this 678: Bracelets They had to use some fancy ones way back there Interviewer: #1 Oh they did # 678: #2 Fancy ones # Yes Interviewer: How about around their neck 678: Beads they'd have beads and uh And lockets Interviewer: Oh what would men wear to hold up their trousers 678: Suspenders or belts and sometimes both they thought some of them tried to be fancy Dans and wear both Interviewer: And wear both 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And they also called them galluses Aux: galluses 678: galluses Interviewer: Oh do they uh what would you hold over your head when it would rain 678: Those umbrellas the women Men Didn't care for getting wet Interviewer: {NW} 678: Didn't want to be called sissy Interviewer: Oh um when they would makeup a bed uh what would you call the fancy top cover they put on the bed 678: Well {NW} Uh way back I don't know we called them bed spreads when we Interviewer: You can always remember 678: Yeah I can remember bed spreads but well now wait a minute there was another one Aux: Dusters 678: No there was another uh uh what Aux: {X} 678: No there was a counterpane that's what I'm trying to {X} Counterpane wasn't that the word Interviewer: Counter pin or 678: Counterpane #1 I believe they called it # Interviewer: #2 Counterpane # 678: Now that's back when my mama's when she was making up beds after I got married they were called bedspreads Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Be real fancy {NW} Interviewer: Um 678: {NW} Interviewer: Well do you remember uh like anything like a pillow only it went um 678: Bolster Interviewer: Well #1 Now did a bolster # 678: #2 I remember those # Interviewer: Go just part way across the bed 678: All the way across Interviewer: Oh 678: My brother was always Kind of a meanie Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh we had a bolster and lots of times just to Aux: {NW} 678: Just pure old meanness you know to be show that he was the older brother He'd jerk it from under my head and wouldn't let me use it see {NW} Until I threatened to tell on him Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} Interviewer: Oh what would you put on the bed for warmth in the wintertime 678: Oh you could get {NW} Well uh {NS} We uh {NS} Blankets we didn't sleep next to sheets like we do now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Got these blankets {NW} Quilts and And comforts some of them call them comforts Interviewer: Is that different from a quilt 678: Yeah it was different a little bit thicker than the average quilt then they had something else that uh Oh it was real heavy but I can think what they called it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Sometimes they would quilt on top of quilts take an old quilt you know and recover it Interviewer: Oh 678: But the comforts were {NW} That was generally the top cover because it had a little bit of beauty to it but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: These down next to you they're just for warmth only you know Some of them were Quilted with thread and some of them were were just uh {NW} Tied together and tied into about four inch squares you know and tied to the Twine tied into knots Now they tied those knots to where they didn't come loose some way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They knew how to tie them {NW} Interviewer: Um what would you call a place if you made a place on the floor like for children to sleep you'd call that a 678: Pallets I was one of those {NW} I slept on them Interviewer: {NW} 678: And we used to have so much company That uh we children would sleep crosswise in bed {NW} All could get on there Interviewer: Oh 678: And we'd have my mom had uh Several bedrooms But people used to get in their wagons and bring their families And and uh sometimes it'd be a coincidence but maybe another family would Come to spend the weekend with you and there'd be two families with six or seven kids each And it'd just gang up sleep crosswise on the bed if it's Wintertime or summer they'd get on the floor pallet wherever they could get Aux: You ever hear that song about sleeping in a little bed 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I don't think so # I don't believe I've heard that 678: Yeah {NW} Sleep in a foot bed we hear that on the Uh {X} Jimmy Dickens Jimmy Dickens sings it Interviewer: Um 678: Take a cold tater and wait Interviewer: {NW} 678: That's another thing that has changed Aux: Always listen 678: {NW} Aux: {X} 678: Yeah Interviewer: Oh 678: When when uh I grew up and even when Wayne grew up Uh {NW} The children had to wait Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: All this fancy food would be set on the At the table and then Get grandpa and grandma and uncle John and aunt Sarah and all them set them down to eat {NW} And the kids keep them out and leave them {X} Starving to death {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 678: And that you know that was brutal Interviewer: Yeah 678: So now you know you you either feed the kids first or you fix them a plate uh Some plates and let them go into the another room and uh card tables or something and set down and eat {NW} But I would lean in there and looked in the door many times my mom would put her finger and I had to leave {NW} Interviewer: Oh that's funny 678: You should have lived back then Mary that's Interviewer: #1 I think I would have enjoyed it it always sounds so good to me # 678: #2 {NW} # Aux: And you didn't even get to talk either 678: Oh no Aux: No conversation Interviewer: Oh 678: Children children should be seen and not heard {NW} Aux: They'd tell all their stories 678: {NW} Aux: And they're wanting to say something 678: {NW} Aux: If you did you had to leave Interviewer: That's funny that's great um this next part's about land and sort of different kinds of land what would you call the land along a stream sort of 678: Along a stream you mean well it the bank you mean the banks of the river or the Interviewer: No 678: {NW} Yeah the banks of course would be the land along the stream I was thinking about maybe land that could be farmed that's kind of flat low lying land close to a stream or close to a river Well it'd be river river bottom Interviewer: Oh 678: River bottom Interviewer: Bottom 678: Bottom land Interviewer: Mm-hmm bottom land is bottoms and bottom land the same thing 678: Mm-hmm Generally when you refer to the bottoms Is before it's cleared up Interviewer: Oh I see 678: See Interviewer: I see 678: And bottom land is after it Interviewer: Is after it's cleared up let's see um how about an any {D: rafty} land that you can think of sort of flat grassy land 678: Pasture land Interviewer: Or how about if it's not planted if it's just natural kind of 678: Without uh you mean without timber on it Interviewer: Right mm-hmm anything like that 678: Well it would {NW} Probably be used for pasture land or Interviewer: It'd still be yeah uh-huh 678: Or uh A land that they was wanting to lay out and uh And uh Regain its strength you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: How about um like an area that's got just like water standing on its like staying up water standing on it all the time 678: Slews Interviewer: Now would that be the same as a swamp 678: Mm-hmm Swamp land {NW} Swamp land would have uh Interviewer: Not necessarily 678: Would have the water in it and then then the slews Aux: I think that's what she's finding 678: The slews Aux: Yeah slews Interviewer: And would the slews 678: It's a it's a depression in the land Interviewer: Oh 678: That when the when the excess Rainwater falls it it It channels the water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Into the bottom lands #1 What it is # Interviewer: #2 Bottom lands # Yeah mm-hmm 678: It's a slew Interviewer: Yeah 678: And generally when they did the grudge ditches They follow the general direction of the old slew I suppose they snake around just like a river Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But you'd cut the The ditch uh Interviewer: To drain the 678: To drain where you could where either side would run in Interviewer: Oh I see 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um what would you call a sandy type soil a name 678: Loam Sandy loam Interviewer: How about that black sticky kind 678: Gumbo Interviewer: You know gumbo 678: Get some of that on your feet sometime Interviewer: {NW} You can't get it off 678: Get your car in there when it's wet Oh how do you get it out if you get your car in Get somebody get get someone to pull you out Interviewer: {NW} 678: With a team or tractor Interviewer: Or you wait until it dries up oh that's funny have you ever heard of anything called crawfishing land 678: You better believe it Interviewer: #1 Oh you have # 678: #2 I I # Fished a crawfishes out too Interviewer: Really 678: We still have some of that Interviewer: And you call it crawfishing land 678: Oh yeah they build these big Stools you know above the ground Interviewer: I didn't know that 678: Oh yes {NW} While you have a lot of little crawfish in your now these are in the slews and in the bottom lands is the is the water recedes uh it goes down oh you can get in there and just catch lots of crawfish Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But out at the edges You'll see these enormous stool that holds Oh big as a ball bats aren't they Wayne Aux: Yeah 678: And these enormous big old red crawfish almost lobsters Interviewer: Oh 678: Would be down in there {NW} And you can get him by putting a stick down in there and he'll Pinch and he ain't got any better sense than to hold on you just fish him out Interviewer: Oh 678: See Use his tail for catfish bait Aux: {X} 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um what would you call kind of a deep gouged out place like in a field that kind of a washed out place in a field 678: {NW} You referring to hills be a gully Interviewer: A gully 678: {NW} In the hills Interviewer: Mm-hmm um 678: Whole land we probably wouldn't have them Interviewer: You probably wouldn't have it uh-huh well is is the around here I don't know this terrain this area very well and around Bay and Craighead county is it is it mostly just flat or it appears to me to be but then I don't know 678: No {NW} Well we have lots of flatland in Craighead county but We're sitting right now on what is known as Crowley's ridge #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: It's a Interviewer: Kind of a 678: Quite a historic Interviewer: Yeah 678: It was caused Well It was a freak formation wasn't it Wayne And it it begins up in the edge of Missouri Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And goes down through Arkansas and hits uh Mississippi river about {X} Aux: Almost in there 678: And uh it's Unique in every respect you go down where we live you hit the sandy loam and On down at that marked tree down there you hit the black some of the black gumbo And that was caused from the New Madrid earthquake Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh But this {NW} This place uh Aux: New Madrid Missouri Interviewer: #1 In Missouri # Aux: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah 678: Yeah I've been uh Down there around the boothill And uh This place is uh Just pure old red hills part of it no rock at all but part of it is loaded with All these gravel roads you drive on around here comes out of these these uh Crowley ridge mountain hills Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah yeah well now um 678: {NW} You're running out of tape by the way Interviewer: I don't know if we have that much time because this tape runs an hour 678: Oh does it Interviewer: So yeah runs an hour a side I could you just know I'll tell you what okay now talking about um streams if you were talking about running streams the smallest would be called a 678: You mean around this territory Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NW} First of all this would just be Uh Farm ditches Interviewer: Did uh uh-huh uh-huh 678: That we had dug Interviewer: That you had dug 678: Back when I was a kid we dug them with spades shovels Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then later we had small Well maybe road slips now you don't know what a road slip is but it's a scoop of a thing with two big wooden handles on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And you hook a team to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And as long as you were horse enough or strong enough to hold to where it scoops the dirt fine But if you get too high it sticks in the ground where you land or when the mules see Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 And hope they don't # {X} And uh that's the way we would dig some ditches and later we got the drag little little drag lights Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And Then we still dig small small ditches not as Well now {NW} Half as wide as this bed perhaps in and around farms What they call lateral ditches And they'll empty into a larger ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: What what you would call a god-made creek in the hills we call a god-made ditch 678: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 Yeah # Aux: Because we don't call them creeks here we call say ditches everything Interviewer: You say everything's a ditch 678: Everything is a ditch in the lowlands #1 There's no creeks # Interviewer: #2 You don't mean it # And there's no creeks #1 Even if it's god made or man made # Aux: #2 Nobody says creek # Interviewer: I didn't know that 678: No you get up here in the in the hills you have a creek because it was god-made Interviewer: Yeah right Aux: So all these ditches down towards Bay 678: Up in Chicago they call them creek All northern people call them creeks Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh and Aux: But here everything's a ditch Everything's a ditch 678: Down in our country it's a ditch because we dig it Aux: These big made hills {X} Interviewer: And even god-made things are ditches to me ditches have to be man-made have to be dug I think of it but that's amazing so no creeks huh that's really wild well how about rivers does it do you a big there's ditches and then there's rivers 678: Oh yeah well they Interviewer: That's the only distinction everything is either a ditch or else it's a 678: River goes from a creek to a In this particular country it goes from a creek to a river Interviewer: Hmm 678: And the hills In our country it goes from a ditch #1 To a river # Interviewer: #2 From a ditch to a # River That's fascinating I've never heard anybody say that that's just amazing um Aux: This may be the only area that I've ever been to where they do say ditches Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well and the deltas Mississippi deltas Interviewer: Oh they do it there too 678: Any delta land Interviewer: They'll say ditch 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um 678: Some of them in the in the rice In the flatlands of the rice country now Sometimes they refer to them as canals Interviewer: As canals 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Yeah 678: Where they water their rice Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But that's a little bit different that's uh that's taking the water to The uh The farm product or Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And our ditches is to take it away Interviewer: Uh-huh I see yeah 678: That's the difference Interviewer: Sort of thing 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um now up like on a mountain the course I know you don't have them here but the rocky side of a mountain where it drops off you call that a 678: I guess a cliff I'm not a mountaineer Interviewer: No I know and and then up in the mountains like if uh there's a creek and it goes along and then it has a sharp drop off you call that a 678: Waterfall Interviewer: And you know do you know of something in the mountain called either a gap or a pass or are you familiar with 678: Oh yeah {NW} That's just a Just an opening in the {NW} In the between two Two mountains Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NW} And the the pass From what I read from history and and reading western books A pass is something that you discover Miles away that way you get it Wayne but uh It's a landmark more or less Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That that in traveling across the country when they settled the country you could see this way over and that's what they aimed for Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And when they get there they hoped it was passable see Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: But it was a landmark between two ranges of mountains {NW} And that's the way they would pass through the mountains they couldn't go over them the Rockies especially Aux: And perhaps on that subject you should tell her about the annual trip you used to make where all this {X} 678: {NW} Well I believe I told her I let her read my memoirs too you know that I wrote I don't know if you've ever read them or not Interviewer: Really great 678: Up to nineteen Aux: Read those 678: Up to nineteen thirty one {NS} When my dad I believe I told you my dad and mother came from northwest Missouri over land Well just uh between Hardy Arkansas and and Fair Missouri there's a hill up there that they still call black snake hill And there were so many {NW} Large Black snakes there that my mother had to get in the wagon and Ride there'd be so many snakes crossing the road Interviewer: {NW} 678: And I see no snakes Up at Hardy we had a boy scout camp at Hardy for years and years called Cedar Valley Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we would go up there and then those snakes are still there and I if I can think of it I'll fish out a picture and show you a a A man that was Was uh Basketball and football coach at Trumann During the forties Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we called him snake Bullard his name was Bullard and we called him snake because he would he would get those {NS} Snakes and just let them wrap around him Interviewer: Mm 678: And I wouldn't even get close to them Interviewer: Mm 678: But I have a picture of him squatting down with one of those big old black snakes And them things would be that big around and as long as Longer than this bed is wide here Interviewer: Mm 678: And my mama said they'd come across there and throw that head up and just scare the life out of her Interviewer: Mm 678: Eh What they lived on back then so many of them but she said that Late of the evening when they come from fair to Hardy they they was almost afraid to To camp overnight Interviewer: Hmm 678: But uh they had quite a time on that trip Had two children and They brought another strange thing had happened {X} {NS} Dad had an old hound dog that was a squirrel dog And He brought her along with the puppies she had some puppies And they would Were practically weening size so they he didn't want them so he left the puppies out there with his brother Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he'd bring this old dog along and Just tie her or let her follow along behind the wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And When night come if uh if he took a notion to Have a fish supper they'd camp on the stream and he catch them as fish catch them anywhere you know Or if he wanted squirrels to eat he'd just take a This old dog out and she'd treat three or four squirrels and he'd kill him and When he got to Bay And landed there he just turned the dog loose and said now this is home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NS} And two days after he got there he missed his old dog And three weeks later he got a Letter from his brother's said old Belle has Come back Interviewer: {NW} 678: Feet so sore that uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: She couldn't hardly walk Interviewer: #1 Oh my heaven # 678: #2 {NW} # {NW} Went back to those puppies Interviewer: Good grief 678: {NW} Interviewer: Some are amazing 678: #1 He he was a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 678: He was afraid she would leave why I kept her tied up Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Under the the wagon and tied her at night Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But he said he thought well when we get there and get established She'll say well this is home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You know dogs wherever you move they go with you Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Normally # 678: #2 And # Yeah contended yeah Aux: Well good dogs were such a necessity 678: Oh yes part of your living that uh This dog's name was Belle and {NW} Three weeks later he said his brother said he woked up one morning and she was her feet was so sore she had Really crossed a mountain you know Forgot about the the roads Interviewer: Oh 678: But I crossed a {NW} In nineteen twenty-four Aux: {NW} 678: We went back up in Missouri on a visit we harvested our crop and In November My dad had just bought a new nineteen twenty-five model Ford touring car Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh 678: My brother had just got married and he had a Ford coop Glassed in rig Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Was scared to death of him then afraid he'd turn over and cut you all to pieces see Interviewer: {NW} 678: But we made this {X} Back and the first day {NW} We spent the night at Hardy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The second day out we spent the night at West Plains Missouri Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And when we drove into Osceola Missouri which was three hundred and forty miles from here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: At the middle of the third day And I drive it now in seven hours {NW} Course we didn't drive at night we we'd get a we'd stay at hotels we stayed at a Hotel in Hardy And the bed ticks the bed bugs like to scared us all Interviewer: {NW} 678: And we started out the next morning {NS} And uh And uh {NS} On this black snake hill there was there was no no road as such in Between Hardy and Fair it's just a Gravel trail that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Wagons could go over {NW} And model T cars could hardly make it they only had breaks on the back wheels you just locked the back wheels And there'd be so many rocks under there this old car would just keep rolling see And you'd luck and stop it But we got behind a caravan of gypsies Interviewer: Oh 678: When we left Hardy {NW} And there there was no place for them to go they couldn't get off the road and wouldn't have if they could And we trailed them suckers until We got about halfway between uh Hardy and Mammoth Springs And they They crossed a creek up there they call Otter creek And they just spread out there and Camped {NW} Now they had the wagons And some old buggies And they led their cows along with them their Shetland ponies along with them the kids were walking {NW} Billy goats they had everything imaginable along there with them {NW} So when they spread out to camp we got by But I I bet you that it took us Three hours To go the eighteen miles from Hardy to Manly #1 Springs # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Behind the #1 Gypsies # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NW} Oh that's 678: Well we better quit on that Aux: Death of those gypsies Interviewer: Oh really Aux: Yeah 678: We'll say goodnight to you and uh Uh Interviewer: One thing before you go I I just backed up and realized I left out something I wanted you to name some of the uh you know rivers and ditches and things around here just give some of the names 678: Down in #1 My part of the country # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: {NW} Well we're about uh We're we're due west of San Francis River Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We're about uh Four miles as a crow flies Interviewer: Oh south 678: It's only about four miles straight across to the San Francis River And then we have uh Uh Big Bay Ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Is between us and Trumann Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Now Little Bay Ditch is the ditch you cross just before you get to {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Going to Bay Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Then a little ditch just below Bay is uh what the call Bull Run Slew Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It was one of the slews Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Those are the only three ditches that would be right close to us Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I over close to the Lake City Highway there's one they call Maple Slew Ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Well That's as far as we should go I reckon get on over on Lake City I know some more there's one they call uh Aux: Huckleberry 678: Huckleberry and one that is Buffalo Ditch and there's Candy Candy Island Ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There's Whistle Ditch Interviewer: Oh that's great ditch 678: {NW} Interviewer: Great 678: {NS} My great grandfather Interviewer: Oh this is the one that your #1 Great great # 678: #2 Eighteen and ninety # One see #1 Ninety # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Beautiful 678: #1 See I was telling you about the # Interviewer: #2 Writing # 678: The peculiar ink Interviewer: The the ink 678: Uh-huh Interviewer: It's a it's a brown #1 Looking sort of how # 678: #2 It's how they wrote them back then # Back then Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} Interviewer: It's beautiful writing though you know it's really pretty look that #1 On that uh # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: W there #1 The way h- # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: He did that fancy thing on there 678: He was a county judge {X} Interviewer: He was the 678: Saint Clare county at the time that he Interviewer: The time that he wrote that 678: Wrote this letter And #1 Just thought you might like # Interviewer: #2 Oh that is # 678: To see that and this is the married license for my dad and mother look Interviewer: Aw 678: {NS} I like those Interviewer: Oh yeah isn't that #1 Pretty aren't they pretty and look at that picture on there # 678: #2 Prettier than today you know uh-huh yeah I like that # Interviewer: Uh-huh I like that too Saint Clare county eighteen ninety oh 678: Quite a while hasn't it Interviewer: Oh it sure has 678: {NW} Now I won't take up the time to let you read this This is something I'm going to give you Interviewer: Oh good 678: {NW} And what it is You know we're in our bicentennial Interviewer: Oh yeah mm-hmm 678: And uh They ask the mayors Or the school superintendents or anyone {NW} That's uh has anything to do with public life or even an individual if they wanted to to write something Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NS} To be used {NS} During the Next hundred years {NW} What what they're going to do down on the banks of the Arkansas river {NW} They're gonna have a sort of a tomb or something there and then they're gonna store all the data #1 That they get see # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And then at the in the The year of two thousand seventy six it's going to be opened #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # 678: And uh I wrote a letter As if I was the town of Bay speaking Interviewer: Oh you did #1 And so you # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: gave them that 678: And sent that and then {NS} I wrote uh {NS} As the mayor of Bay Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 Two # Interviewer: #2 So you wrote # Two different #1 Letters # 678: #2 So if # You want to take time to read this part of it why do so you might want to {NS} Comment on it and You can read it here and then #1 You can take that with you # Interviewer: #2 Oh this is really interesting # Now did you wrote this like you were the 678: I'm the it's like I'm the town of Bay speaking see Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Not me or the mayor there but the town of #1 Bay # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Oh this is really 678: To to I'm speaking to the mayor of Two thousand seventy six Interviewer: To the mayor of Bay in that year mm-hmm oh you've got this about the uh the flooding and everything 678: Mm-hmm Just as brief a history as I could give of the town Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh then you've got this flu epidemic that I just never have heard of flu being like that or in the depression Oh you've got everything about the school too {NS} Oh the the corps of engineers Uh I was gonna ask you what they did about the flooding 678: That's what they did they built these levees Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We haven't had a flood since Interviewer: Who sponsors it 678: Government Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh yeah world war two oh the hub of the universe 678: That's what I jokingly tell people Interviewer: {NW} Oh that is so good oh that 678: And the next one is uh a letter that I have {NW} Was mayor Interviewer: As as you personally 678: #1 Yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: It's been briefed as much as I could Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They ask you to do you know briefing as much as possible Interviewer: Oh they ask it to brief yeah that is really #1 Something # 678: #2 Now that # They will do Interviewer: So what 678: They they make uh they make uh Pictures of this and then reduce it down Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But they reduce it to to the point to where it will you can read it Interviewer: Oh 678: Almost don't matter how small Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And that'll be put in a little capsule Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then But this year if we're world's still standing This will be delivered to whoever's mayor of this town if the town is still standing Interviewer: Oh that's a great idea isn't that something to think about that a hundred years from now #1 Somebody will read # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: What you wrote what is that 678: {NW} That's {X} My dad's old Uh graves up in Jonesboro that was in Interviewer: Oh 678: An old {X} In nineteen oh two see Interviewer: The oh their graves are up in Jonesboro 678: By the old city cemetery Interviewer: Oh and that's where you dad and #1 Mom # 678: #2 {NW} # That's right where they Saint Bernard's hospital Interviewer: Oh 678: That's where they're buried and that's a Deed to their grave To their lots {NW} He bought twenty lots Twenty Interviewer: #1 Lots # 678: #2 And he # Gave them all away Except uh {NW} We had a brother in law that got killed Young in life and they buried him there But then back in those days Dirt roads Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh People never thought of A burying place And sometimes you couldn't dig your grave here the water would be so close to the ground during the flood seasons Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: So They would die And he and a few other leading citizens would buy him a coffin or make him one Put him on a train take him to Jonesboro and he gave all his graves away we don't even know who's on there except my brother in law my dad and my brother Interviewer: And you don't even know who's on the rest of them they don't have any 678: No markers Interviewer: No markers 678: No markers nothing Interviewer: Golly 678: Just uh Just the three graves that we knew of and He gave he put his son in law there and then he reserved one for himself one for his mother Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I mean for his wife my mother Interviewer: And that's the city 678: City cemetery Interviewer: City cemetery do they have a cemetery here now 678: Mm-mm #1 Not at Bay # Interviewer: #2 At Bay # 678: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 They still have # 678: We have some Indian mounds up here that they #1 Used to bury # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: On but They don't uh they never did have uh cemeteries as such you know People just buried on the mounds because that was above the water Interviewer: That's above the water oh yeah that's right because you've always had such a problem here 678: It was a problem Interviewer: With flooding and all that 678: I've been to Up here at Bowman on eighteen highway between here and Lake City Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There's a Big Graveyard there and It's kind of on a higher plane than the rest of the land #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} I have helped bury people there when two men would have to stand on the box and hold it down in the water to cover him up Interviewer: {NW} 678: Isn't that that terrible Interviewer: Oh that's terrible oh 678: Stand on the box and holding the water let that cold muddy water run in #1 There and # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Throw the throw the mud in on it Interviewer: Oh mm that's awful well speaking of {X} You ready to roads roads was the one I wanted to ask you about um when they first began to improve roads what was the first thing that they did to them in the way of improving them 678: You mean after the roads were already laid out Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well the first thing they would do would be to take what I I told you last night the road slips Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: This is a big old Enormous scoop #1 Maybe so wide # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: With handles that the man held onto and hooked the team onto a bale like Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh these roads had {NS} Sag holes mud holes we'd call them {NS} And uh {NW} Wherever the Mud holes were why they'd dig these ditches And put this dirt in to build the holes out See Interviewer: Oh I see 678: And get them to S- Somewhere near a level Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then {NW} Later years well they got the old road graters Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Similar to the ones they have now but they were pulled by teams Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they would go into each one of these ditches and pull dirt Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In there and drag it off to a level Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that continued until they graveled them Interviewer: Oh I see and then when they graveled them did they did they have to put something down on the before that to make the gravel stick to the road or anything 678: No #1 Just embeds # Interviewer: #2 Just put gravel # 678: Itself into the ground Interviewer: It just I see mm-hmm well um if you were talking about a a road that was uh just out in the country a little road that goes off of the main road what would you call it 678: Well some of them call them lanes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Some of them call them access roads Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: That word that word came along later #1 Most of the # Interviewer: #2 That was the later # Yeah 678: Mostly they were Lanes Uh-huh You know they would lead up to a house Home or To a into a man's farm Interviewer: Oh or into a 678: #1 Man's farm # Interviewer: #2 Or he had # Mm-hmm 678: Maybe He and his team was the only one that would get in there Interviewer: #1 Oh I see # 678: #2 They were just # Lanes they would call them Not a public thoroughfare #1 At all # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Not #1 Wasn't even maintained # Interviewer: #2 Not a public # 678: By the county #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: It's just a If it went up to the home the people Owners or renters maintained it Or let it go whichever they would choose And went into the farm that is Strictly up to the farmer to Make that road passable Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Um in the something along the side of a street for people to walk on 678: You mean the sidewalks Interviewer: What was that what material what was that made from 678: Well I remember here in Bay when we had board sidewalks Interviewer: Oh really 678: And then Along about Nineteen sixteen or seventeen when I was about {NW} Eight year old something like that They uh Built two or three walks on the main street over here uh out of this uh ground up chat white chat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then oh about in the twenties in the early twenties they began to make concrete sidewalks Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But I remember Plenty of boardwalks around Interviewer: Oh you do 678: Grass growing up between the cracks Interviewer: Grass growing up between them well now have you ever seen a sidewalk that would have a there'd be the sidewalk and then the strip of grass and then the street 678: Yes Interviewer: Strip of grass do you know a name for that strip of grass 678: No Interviewer: Never heard of that okay if um now this part's about expressions that people might use if you've been walking along the road and a mean dog uh jumps you might pick up a 678: Well Whatever you get ahold of a club or Limb Interviewer: Or maybe uh something lying uh or maybe a rock 678: That would depend on where you was walking Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 If you was # In a rocky country Certainly you'd Pick up a rock #1 I'm trying to think around because just # Interviewer: #2 And then you'd say oh well # 678: On a plain old dirt country road you'd run Interviewer: #1 Oh then you'd run you wouldn't have a # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Yeah you probably wouldn't have a rock 678: {NW} Interviewer: Well now if you were talking about a rock would you probably say you picked up a rock and then you 678: Threw it Interviewer: Threw it you 678: And then run Interviewer: Okay 678: Mary Interviewer: And then yeah and if somebody came to visit you you might say well just sit down and make yourself 678: At home That's an old expression Interviewer: That's a yeah um now if you were talking about putting milk in coffee you'd say some people like coffee if they do want milk in it you'd say they like their coffee 678: Well you want this modern word integrated Interviewer: {NW} #1 I've never heard anyone say that about coffee # 678: #2 {NW} # Yeah Interviewer: Well now 678: Got white in there and integrated you know Interviewer: {NW} Never heard anybody say that about their coffee if you don't put anything in coffee you say you're drinking it 678: Straight that's what we used Interviewer: Straight yeah uh-huh 678: Like you do your whiskey Interviewer: Mm-hmm they'd say straight mm-hmm that that's interesting I like that um and that was more common than saying black #1 At that time # 678: #2 Oh yeah # Um now if you were going to town and you didn't want to go alone you might say to somebody well come on and go Oh #1 I'd generally say # Interviewer: #2 Come on # 678: Come come along or #1 Go along # Interviewer: #2 Go # 678: Go along with me #1 Something like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # And now if that person didn't want to go uh you might say well that's okay I'll just go with without you or how would you say that I'll just go 678: Oh see you tomorrow Interviewer: Um if somebody was not going away from you you'd say they were coming straight 678: Towards you Interviewer: And if you ran into somebody um if you saw somebody that you haven't seen in a long time you might come home and say well guess who I ran 678: Into Interviewer: And if the child was given the same name as her aunt for example you'd say they named that child 678: After was the word they used to use Interviewer: Uh if you had a dog and you wanted it to attack another dog or a person or something 678: You'd just sic him Interviewer: They'd say sic him now if you were talking about a dog that was no particular breed of mixed breed of dog you'd call it a 678: Two two different names a cur or a mongrel Interviewer: Uh-huh oh you know both those names um how about one of those little bitty dogs that barks all the time you call them a people would have in their yard 678: Oh Interviewer: You ever heard of a feist #1 Dog # 678: #2 Yeah # Feist but uh They don't bark as much as the chihuahuas Interviewer: Oh chihuahuas 678: They're the ones that do the #1 Barking # Interviewer: #2 They're the # The yeah uh now if somebody had a mean watch dog and kept it inside a fence uh you'd say to that person so somebody was trying to go in there you'd say you'd better be careful or you'll get 678: Dog bit Dangerous dog Interviewer: Uh now what would you call a male horse 678: A male horse Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well now that depends on whether he had been castrated or not Interviewer: Oh I see I see one 678: If he hadn't been castrated he's a stud Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And if he has been uh If he has been castrated why He's uh {X} He'd be called a stud or a stallion #1 If he hadn't been but uh # Interviewer: #2 Or a stallion if he hadn't # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: Well the dickens Interviewer: #1 I don't know any other # 678: #2 I know as well as I know my own name # I know but I can't think of the name uh Gosh {NS} As many of them as I helped operate on and Interviewer: {NW} 678: Sometimes words hang up with me like that Interviewer: Well um I'll ask another maybe it'll come to you later what would you call a female 678: Mare Interviewer: Did you ever remember um well words well like bull for example do you ever remember people saying that you shouldn't say that in front of women have you ever 678: Oh yeah when when I was growing up why words like I use In front of you no offense intended at all you know why Uh we just didn't use it Interviewer: Well what would they they would not say bull for example in front of a woman 678: Well the grown ups would say it to But men would seldom say it in front of the women Interviewer: They wouldn't 678: No sir Interviewer: What would they say instead 678: Well they the man would tell his wife talking about the bull you know but {NS} #1 They wouldn't uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # But not in general 678: They just wouldn't some lady come in why He wouldn't walk into where she Interviewer: Huh 678: This lady and wouldn't say hey that bull jumped the fence Interviewer: They wouldn't 678: Say old {D: Roney} or #1 Whatever they called him jumped the fence # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} Interviewer: Would the same thing go for stud and stallion 678: That's right Interviewer: Huh 678: Well I can't think of that name I'm declaring my time Interviewer: Um I don't know what that I don't know that name either 678: Oh it's common as stud and stallion but Interviewer: Um only thing I can think of is a gelding is that it no 678: Gelding Interviewer: It's gelding yes 678: #1 That's it # Interviewer: #2 I wasn't even # Sure if gelding was 678: Gelding that's what Interviewer: Um Aux: Hello {X} Interviewer: Oh Aux: Come to take care of Interviewer: You've got company you've got company Aux: {X} {NS} Interviewer: You want to go ahead and talk to them {NS} Like just {NS} 678: Yeah Interviewer: I just happened to come at your busiest 678: Well it all it always happens when you When you don't want to be bothered you are see Interviewer: Okay um now if you were talking about riding horses and if you couldn't stay on the horse you'd say I fell 678: You were throwed off Bucked off whichever one Interviewer: Uh now if a little child went to Sleep in the bed the next morning found himself on the floor he'd say I must have fallen 678: Off out off whatever Interviewer: Off or out which would you 678: Off Interviewer: Fallen off the bed or out of the bed 678: Well Either way Um Interviewer: Um the things that you 678: I would say off Interviewer: You'd say off the things that the things that you put on a horse's feet to protect them from the road 678: Shoe horse shoes Interviewer: And the parts of the foot that the parts of the feet that you put them onto 678: The hoof Uh do you put them on all four uh Yeah {NS} Especially if you're in uh rocky country Interviewer: Uh-huh then you put them on all four of the 678: Sometimes in in the in this country where there's no rocks at all we'd insure Or just common Plow stock Interviewer: Oh you didn't 678: Uh-uh But uh if #1 We had one of those # Interviewer: #2 Well it must not # Get to 678: Well {NW} You know Horses are in in some respects like humans you know some humans' fingernails are brittle and tear up Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And some horses Uh hooves would split if you didn't keep them shut Interviewer: Oh I see 678: But we've got to remember that uh until man come along they weren't shut And they made it see Interviewer: Yeah of course 678: So when {NW} In the rock country I suppose before they're captured they just simply take care of theirself if their feet get sore they don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They just don't run Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Anymore than they have to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then uh Probably tougher Than they are in the in the Swamp lands or low lands Interviewer: Um the game that you play with those uh if you were tossing the 678: #1 Horse shoes # Interviewer: #2 Horse shoes # 678: You mean pitching horse shoes Interviewer: Pitching horse shoes 678: Done a lot of that Interviewer: Oh you have um if you were talking about sheep the male sheep would be called 678: He's a ram and uh The uh Female is a ewe I guess you call it E W E Interviewer: Mm-hmm um 678: I never did know how to pronounce that #1 If it was ewe or ewe # Interviewer: #2 I think ewe is what I thought # 678: Is it ewe or ewe #1 Depends on how they handle it # Interviewer: #2 I I call it ewe # 678: #1 Ewe # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # I call it ewe but I I'm not really sure 678: I imagine that's the way it's pronounced Interviewer: I don't know much about sheep 678: Me either Interviewer: Well what do you call the stuff that they have on their backs that you raise them for 678: Wool Interviewer: Um Now I know something about billy goats 678: #1 They're I raised # Interviewer: #2 Oh you know about # 678: Billy goats Interviewer: Oh you have really what did what did you raise them for 678: To play with my brother and I played with them worked them to wagons Interviewer: Oh you did you had them pull wagons 678: Yeah Make them a leather harness Interviewer: #1 I didn't know that # 678: #2 My dad # Give her give us all Line plow uh Horse chick lines you know and so forth and we'd Cut them up and take brads And make a goat harness Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Working singles working double just like working horses Yeah We had some fine goats Three or four at a time you know great big old billy goats Interviewer: Uh-huh gosh that's really um if you had a what would you call a male hog 678: Boar Interviewer: Now if you if you had uh uh a boar and uh you didn't want it what would they call it uh if it was castrated it if we were talking 678: Barrow B A R R O W Interviewer: How about um a female hog what would you call that 678: See well uh There's two Before she ever has pigs she's a gilt Interviewer: I see 678: After she has pigs she's a sow Interviewer: Oh that's what makes the difference between that oh well what 678: Like a girl she's a maiden until Interviewer: And then a 678: Until she has Well Until she gets to be an adult maiden #1 You know and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: If she marries why then she Has children she goes into womanhood Interviewer: That's very I never thought 678: Even if uh {NW} Well after she's married #1 She enters womanhood # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: You know No matter what age right she's considered a woman but she's a Maiden until that Interviewer: That's really interesting well what about um first born what do you call a hog 678: That'd be uh well they're called pigs Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah Interviewer: Well how big are they before they start calling them hogs 678: It depends on the individual that calls them mostly Mary when they get uh we'd say Half grown we call them shoats Interviewer: Oh 678: And at the same time he's called a and I'm referring to a male Interviewer: Yeah 678: He's called a shoat She's called a gilt Interviewer: Oh I see 678: That's a teenager Interviewer: That would be the teenager 678: {NW} The teenager {NW} That's the teenager Same way with Cows you may want to get to that later I don't know but the cow would be called Calf Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: Course And uh {X} Castrated bull's a steer Interviewer: Oh I see 678: And uh and uh A female cow until she has a calf is a heifer Is a heifer oh is that what a heifer is and then after that then they call her the Cow Cow because she's already Gone into that state Interviewer: Yeah I was so amazed when you were talking about in that in your memoirs about having had to help deliver {NW} That's good um 678: Quite a quite an experience Interviewer: Oh I bet 678: Rory and his sister Interviewer: Right 678: But it was either that or lose the Interviewer: Or lose the 678: The heifer see I'll always remember just how she looked Interviewer: Mm and you did it too 678: Yeah yeah {NW} Cleaned that calf up {X} He made a dandy Interviewer: Uh people could just probably do anything then it seems like from talking to you 678: Had to Interviewer: Because you yeah you just 678: You do what you can to survive and then to survive why you have to do Interviewer: Um what would they call the stiff hairs on a hog's back 678: Bristles I suppose Interviewer: And how about those long teeth 678: Uh tusk tusk uh Tusks Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Tusks Interviewer: And how about those wooden uh like those long wooden things they fed the hogs in 678: Hog trough Interviewer: Would they have more than one on where they had 678: Oh depends on the amount of hogs you have Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: If you have more than Four or five hogs then you need two troughs because they'll fight shove one another #1 And steal food # Interviewer: #2 Oh they would # 678: Yeah Interviewer: {NW} 678: Knock the food down on the ground there and eat dirt food and all see Interviewer: Oh oh um the uh how about would they ever have any wild hogs around here 678: Yes I climbed through trees to get away from them Interviewer: Really 678: When my dad would My brother and I would coon hunt Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I remember Very well one night we had a Man with us we called name Lemers we called him cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: He lived on a Farm up on {X} Ditch my dad had cleared up and He went coon hunting with us one night and these hogs {NW} Got after our dogs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well the dogs always run to the humans for protection Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And they had cut the timber out of this woods and lot of it they cut during the When the water was up Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} And they made uh {NS} Uh Something like trestles or Two legs out here and a long board and the trestles would sit on the ground the board leaned against the trees and these men would stand on there to saw the tree down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So that left a stump Oh maybe six foot high Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: These hogs came along my dad scaled onto those things he climbed up there But my brother and And uh Cotton Lemers and I we all climbed trees Interviewer: Oh you did 678: I remember this one particular night that {NW} That uh Cotton we always looked on as sort of a joke you know he was a big coward Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} 678: And I climbed this tree with a twenty two rifle in my hand I got up pretty and I was just nine year old when this happened Interviewer: Oh 678: And he I said where are you Cotton he said here I am and he was thirty feet above me up the #1 Same tree yes # Interviewer: #2 Oh on the same tree # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: #1 That's how fast he'd gone up there # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well have you I guess you have climbed a lot of trees in your 678: Not any more than I had to I I was always a little fearful of them Climbing trees but my brother would climb anything that he could get That he could possibly Interviewer: Oh he 678: In other words we'd tree a coon and Couldn't find him See you The way you hunt coons you carry a headlight and they look at you their eyes shine and That's when you shoot them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That way And some of them were smart enough to {NW} We called it hiding their eyes they'd lay with their head in their Paws you know #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 Or they'd # Interviewer: #2 Uh-uh # 678: Lay up hang on the tree Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And my brother would climb Up the tree and and scare him around to where he'd have to go out on a limb And he'd climb down one of the I'd shoot them out {NS} Time or two shot his head my brother's hunting coat you know he Interviewer: You don't mean it 678: He'd pull it up around his neck and hide on the tree you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Shot it through {X} Interviewer: Oh 678: But uh I wasn't a climber Interviewer: Yeah oh you you've never climbed much 678: I had perforated ear drums one thing Interviewer: Oh 678: And the heights would uh ween me you know and I was afraid they'd fall out scared really scared to #1 Climb # Interviewer: #2 Sure # 678: Tonight the hogs have got to have {X} Interviewer: {NW} 678: But my brother was climbing Interviewer: Oh that's so good um is the the noise that a calf makes 678: {NW} Interviewer: Uh when it wants its mother you say the calf is 678: Oh several expressions he uh He bleats uh Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: The old cow she moos you know that's what uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But uh Use a Expression we would always call say the calf was bellowing for its mama Interviewer: Oh bellowing for its uh-huh 678: That uh actually I think it would have been referred to as lady Interviewer: Lady how about the noise that a horse makes the sound of 678: Neighs Interviewer: Uh now is that the same as a whinny or a nicker 678: Yeah Same thing uh Neigh is when they let out a long one when they see horses way off and then when they They come up close to them why he whinnies or nickers #1 That's their greeting # Interviewer: #2 I see # It's a greeting 678: A neigh it might could be a call you know Interviewer: Would be more like a 678: #1 Salutation # Interviewer: #2 A call # 678: #1 To something way off # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: But when they get up close why they'll roll their neck and whinny and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And Haul you know and it's just a language that they're going through Interviewer: Um would people if they were talking about hens and turkeys and geese and all those different things together would they r- did they have a name to refer to those various things as 678: In the chicken family he's a rooster or a hen Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Uh Before she lays eggs she's a pullet Interviewer: Uh-huh I see oh you know all those things 678: Yeah {NW} And uh Interviewer: Would it be the same for any type of fowls 678: About what now Interviewer: Any type of fowl 678: Yeah uh the rooster Uh Before he gets grown he's a Well I c- again I can't think of what we called him I {NS} Chickens are But the turkeys are gobblers Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} Or hens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they're also pullets before they Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Guineas are the same thing Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You know what a guinea is don't you Interviewer: It's I you I I 678: #1 That's the noisiest # Interviewer: #2 Really # 678: Thing in the country we got some out of across town Interviewer: You mentioned about it in your memoirs #1 You mentioned something about guineas in there # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I I remember that mentioned but now if you were calling those would you call guineas and turkeys and things like that would they have you call them fowl would they have 678: Yeah they're in the fowl family Interviewer: Uh what do you call a hen on a nest of eggs 678: She's a sitting hen Interviewer: And uh something a kind of a little thing to put chickens in 678: Coop {X} Coop Interviewer: And when you're eating chicken there's a bone that the kids would like uh-oh {NS} Interviewer: Now when you said you said that you had just a little uh 678: We was talking about sassafras Interviewer: Yeah sassafras root and so you have you have tasted that tea 678: I don't drink lots of it because Used to your mama would Save those roots until spring and she Put the sassafras tea to you to thin your blood down get you ready for summer Interviewer: Oh really #1 To thin your blood # 678: #2 Yeah # They really believed it and and I've never heard a doctor deny it But but what was good it was a good blood thinner Interviewer: {X} 678: Had lots of iron in it Interviewer: Huh 678: They learned that from the Indians Interviewer: Uh-huh they learned that from the Indians um what about a kind of bush or a vine that'll make your skin break out when you rub up against 678: You mean the poison oak or poison ivy Interviewer: Poison oak or poison how about types of berries that you might have around here 678: Wild or tame Or both Interviewer: Or both mm-hmm 678: Well we have the blackberry which is Universal you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we have the Uh Dewberry that grows on the railroad out in some places it's a {NW} Bush that grows down on the route {NS} Real fine berries And then we have the strawberries and the tame blackberries and the Himalaya berries Interviewer: Hmm 678: And the raspberries And uh The boysenberries Maybe more I don't know Interviewer: Now if you were talking about the berries that grew in the woods that you couldn't weren't supposed to eat because they'd kill you you'd say they were 678: Say they're poisoned Interviewer: Poisoned um you ever heard of a bush up in the mountains called mountain mountain laurel 678: Yeah I've heard of it {NW} But I'm not familiar with it Interviewer: How about a tree that's got big green leaves and big white flowers shiny green leaves 678: Mistletoe Interviewer: No um the whole tree that's got you may not have them around here it's got 678: Oh uh Interviewer: It's got big white flowers the flowers smell good and shiny leaves 678: We don't have it Interviewer: Okay um 678: I don't believe we have those Interviewer: Now when the old people 678: Course I don't know know everything now remember Interviewer: {NW} Well if you don't know it then it's not here I'm beginning to think that it's uh if the old people especially were talking about like a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say well I better go ask my 678: Husband Interviewer: Did you ever hear old people using any other term besides a husband 678: The old man Interviewer: Oh that uh-huh 678: An old man Interviewer: How about for what the man would say #1 {X} # 678: #2 The old woman # Interviewer: You've heard old woman now a woman who's lost her husband whose husband has died would be called a 678: A widow You know I hear of late where they've uh They find they you know what uh What is a widow and what is a widower and And uh {NW} What is A divorcee and this that and the other and it sorely got me mixed up on them but {NS} We all when their husband died we always called them a widow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But uh and we and we also called them a widow if they was separated from #1 Their hus- # Interviewer: #2 Oh you did # 678: Divorced you know divorced Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 We'd # Call them a widow but Interviewer: You called them a widow 678: They don't call them that now Interviewer: Huh 678: They call them what divorcee don't they Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: See Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But we called them a widow #1 Because # Interviewer: #2 Oh you did # 678: They didn't have a husband Interviewer: I see 678: I say we I'm talking about uh Interviewer: The people in 678: Before my time and when I was a child Interviewer: Mm-hmm um when you were talking to your daddy what did you call him 678: I called him papa Interviewer: And when you were talking to your mother 678: Mama Interviewer: And uh how about to to your grandparents 678: I called them grandpa and grandma {NW} We uh that was {NS} Almost a hundred percent accepted Around here Now some Well up until I was married and had my own children My wife and I decided we'd go a little modern have our children call us mother and daddy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh It sort of embarrassed me you know to be to be called that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Because {X} Everyone that I knew Except what we call the ups in the city you know this that and the other They call them father I I knew one family that called one fellow called his Dad and mother father and And mother {NW} And uh Wally calls me father a whole lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Wayne calls me Bert a whole lot Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} But uh Back when I was growing up I'd say ninety-eight percent of the people it was papa and mama Or mommy and poppy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But I never did like the mommy and poppy and We called our parents mama and papa Interviewer: What was the 678: I still like the I still like mama Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Still like to hear the kids say mama Interviewer: Mama what were some like common women's names that 678: Uh {NW} More more plain names and I and I I really love that like Ann Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Laura Sarah Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh Mary like that name Interviewer: How about Martha 678: And Martha {NW} And Margie my first wife's name was Margie And Martha I have uh Uh two aunts that was Martha May and my and may get that down to Maddie or Mad Interviewer: #1 Oh uh-huh # 678: #2 And # My younger sister's named Martha Ann and She's called uh Ann But uh Lots of times when they before she started before they started calling her Ann why it was Maddie Ann instead of Martha Ann So they dropped Maddie when she went to college and it was Ann Interviewer: How about 678: But I still like those short names Interviewer: How about Nelly was that 678: Nelly is a good name yeah Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: It's a common name Interviewer: And now in the way of men 678: Samantha Interviewer: Okay oh 678: That was getting quite lengthy Interviewer: That was uh-huh yeah that would be kind of long 678: But when you come along I I Interviewer: How about in the way of men's names 678: Well they was common too George and John and Jim and Tom With the old same Dick Tom and Harry Interviewer: Uh-huh William 678: {NW} William was uh Interviewer: Well now did they use nicknames 678: Oh yeah Yeah any time you was Named uh Richard why you was called Dick And uh and you know all down the line Interviewer: Mm-hmm how about for for William what would they have as a 678: Uh Bill Interviewer: Did they ever say Billy 678: Billy In fact my dad's name was William Noah Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he was called Willy he grew up and if you notice the marriage license they they had that Willy Interviewer: Willy 678: Instead of William Noah it was Willy because that's what he grew up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But his uh {NW} Grand daddy Called him Billy Interviewer: Called him Billy 678: When he was speaking to him but when he was speaking off him it was William Interviewer: William 678: My dad's uh people were uh Were Irish they they were mixed Irish with some of them with the dark and some the Interviewer: Oh 678: Red head with uh Brown eyes and They were all tall straight dignified people and My mother's people were uh Uh Scotch and and dutch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh But But they all grayed early both families I never I My dad was forty-two when I was born and I can't remember him having any black hair or my mother either And she was only thirty-five when I was born Interviewer: Oh really 678: But of course I would remember her as a forty-two or three year old woman see that's when I was starting to remember her And she had some black Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And my dad if he did I can't remember Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And my daughter my who was my baby She's uh forty-one years old Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And she's gray-headed almost as I am Interviewer: Really 678: But she's never growed up you wouldn't think she's over sixteen year old Interviewer: {NW} 678: {X} You've ever seen Interviewer: {NW} She takes that after you 678: I guess so she says she does Interviewer: She says she does um how about Matthew was that very common 678: Matt yeah no not too common There was Matthew they always got it down to Matt Interviewer: They always got it down to 678: {NW} Interviewer: Matt mm-hmm 678: And Launey Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Launeys Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Few Amoses around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But we didn't have the long names and Some of the names they hang on girls I understand it if it's on an Italian or a Syrian or a A Bolshevik or whatever you have or Norwegian or something They have those names Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But for the pure old American Uh Well just like uh my stepdaughter has a little girl she named her Sarah Michelle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And she spelled I couldn't even spell that Michelle the way she has it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: So Where did she get it it sounds French Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} There's no French blood in her Interviewer: No she's nobody from France 678: {NW} Interviewer: Family 678: And I'll give you a little insight on Molly's family I've told you they about about when he corrected one he corrected all of them Interviewer: Yes 678: Because he'd correct one {NS} And the others stand around and And he says that he {NS} He'd say uh now Zola do you understand what I'm talking yes sir Yes sir and said now as far {X} The others would be nodding too Interviewer: {NW} 678: But {NW} Betty {NW} His wife {NS} {B} They they're they're English almost full blood {B} Each of their girls is named Know- Their middle name is Knowles Interviewer: Oh 678: {X} Moon Elizabeth Knowles Moon Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Mary Knowles Moon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh Larissa Knowles Moon And they call them Larissa K Betty K I mean uh Elizabeth K Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See And just some the K but every each one of them has the middle name of Knowles Interviewer: Same middle name of Knowles 678: And I like that #1 I like people # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: That perpetuate their name Interviewer: Yeah that's good 678: And uh I didn't name either one of my boys after me but I didn't have sense enough I was just married when I was a kid you know and and uh But one of the boys ought to carry the The father's name I don't care if it is Henry {B} Like my That's my name Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah 678: {B} #1 But I don't like it # Interviewer: #2 You told me about that # But everybody calls you Bert 678: Uh-huh But I wish that I would name one of my boys Bert I had three boys one of them died at uh right after birth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: His name was James Edward Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Wally is Wallace Wade he was named after the famous Alabama footballer Interviewer: Famous he was a football coach 678: #1 At uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Alabama and at uh Duke University Interviewer: Uh-huh {X} 678: And uh {NW} We just sort of caught onto Wayne's name we we called him David Wayne and On the one of his uncles said uh Let's name him David as a bible name you know I said okay and one of them said how about Goliath and I said no #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: No go so we Interviewer: {NW} 678: My wife liked the name Wayne so we called him David Wayne Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But we took David from the bible {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} 678: And Loretta is named G- Gwendolyn Loretta Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh the Gwendolyn was from a girl that Uh my wife was friends to over in Tennessee and Gwen uh Loretta was after Loretta Young She was my favorite movie star #1 At the time # Interviewer: #2 Oh she # Oh yeah 678: In the old silent picture days Interviewer: She was so pretty wasn't she 678: Yeah I did when I was Young boy you know I'd go see the movies Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} I'd think well man if I was in Hollywood I'd sure make love to that woman Interviewer: {NW} To Loretta Young 678: And uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: That's that's I named my daughter after Loretta Young Interviewer: That's really something um do you remember when like for something that they'd have for babies that was kind of like a crib on wheels you put it in the 678: #1 You mean the # Interviewer: #2 Take it # 678: #1 Baby carriage or baby buggy # Interviewer: #2 Outside baby carriage # Or baby buggy 678: {NW} Mm-hmm Interviewer: Um now when they put it in the carriage they'd say they were gonna go out 678: {X} A stroll Interviewer: #1 To stroll the baby is that how they'd say it # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah or Push the baby Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I've heard them say let's go out and stroll the baby around a while Interviewer: Now if a woman was going to have a baby was going to have a child you'd say she's 678: Pregnant Interviewer: Now but now that's 678: I don't know what they used to say Interviewer: Yeah what they used to 678: #1 You want me to tell you # Interviewer: #2 Say # Yeah what'd they used to say 678: {NW} Well {NW} If you don't mind I'll tell you the good and the bad Interviewer: #1 Okay # 678: #2 And uh # Interviewer: {NW} 678: Uh They I've heard them Slipping around listening around the corner you know I've heard them say uh She's big You ever heard that Interviewer: Uh-uh uh-uh 678: #1 Big big with child # Interviewer: #2 Never heard that # Big with child 678: And I've heard them say that uh She's with a child Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh I've heard the men uh the men that I never did uh Appreciate say that woman's knocked up Interviewer: Oh you would they used to #1 Say that # 678: #2 Yeah # Out on the streets you know Interviewer: Oh 678: Look there that woman's knocked up Interviewer: Oh 678: I never did like that I've I've always been a {X} But Interviewer: Yeah 678: I've always uh I've I've I've always respected women uh and uh Course I'd make love to them all I could and all like that you know but uh When they said no To me that was no if I could out talk them alright Interviewer: {NW} 678: But I would never try to attempt to use uh Force or anything like that I threatened one one time Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} She had it she asked for it and I didn't but I threatened her see and But I always I never did like to hear men Tell Things that went on in their home Interviewer: Hmm 678: Between them and their wife never Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: No man ever heard me say anything About What went on between me and my wife except Something good like she Cooked me some cake or something like that I've heard men Uh Talk awful disrespectful and And I'll tell you {NW} Maybe I'll tell this one maybe I shouldn't have said on this {D: Oh no I} Forgot about Interviewer: Oh that's okay 678: Uh Interviewer: That's something that people did 678: Well {NW} Interviewer: It was 678: I had a man and his wife working for me down in Singer And uh He called everyone honey Interviewer: Oh 678: He was from Miss- They was from Mississippi Interviewer: Mississippi 678: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: She was one of these bucks oh her breasts were tremendous And she was an inspector for me on the A line that carried uh Part of the sewing machine cabinet parts along And old Dexter he was back up the line working you know and And she was inspecting them marking them and sending them back to be reworked and I {D: strolled by} And he said hey honey said that Uh who's the inspector down there this morning And I looked back around and it It was his wife on the line About that time she stepped out in the aisle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I said uh you know who she is and he said oh {X} He said it's old big tit herself ain't it Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} Interviewer: Her husband said that 678: {NW} He said a bunch among a bunch of men #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: {NW} Interviewer: Oh that's terrible 678: And maybe you should have cut #1 That off maybe # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Hey do like Mister Nixon scratch that out Interviewer: #1 Scratch that out # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah I'll go back and scratch that out scratch that oh goodness I'll bet that if she known that that would have embarrassed her 678: She didn't care #1 She didn't care # Interviewer: #2 She knew what he was # 678: She knew him she knew what he was Interviewer: #1 Oh she did # 678: #2 I well she just # Took him face value yeah Interviewer: Oh 678: She done all the thinking and all the check writing Interviewer: Oh she 678: Handled all the money {NS} And uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: He was just there Interviewer: He was just there um how about if they didn't have a doctor to deliver a baby what would they 678: They they'd have a midwife {NW} Uh I had a A midwife with my baby girl Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 We # Yeah and uh Just Just one of those happen stances all my children were born at home and Interviewer: Oh they were 678: {NW} Yeah And {NS} The doctor He was a real close friend of ours {NS} Course he kept up with the dates of all the children he was supposed to deliver {NS} But he fell and hurt his hip And unbeknown to me Why Uh I didn't I didn't know it and he he was in such a pain and laid up until he forgot Interviewer: Mm 678: So here comes time for this child to be born in July hot as all get out Interviewer: Mm 678: {NS} So when it started happening I went after doctor {B} And found out he just couldn't couldn't get up Interviewer: Oh 678: Well then I called and we only had one telephone in Town at that time so I called meddling for a doctor {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well before doctor {B} Before he could get that message and up there and get doctor {B} Back down here in a model T car Interviewer: {NW} 678: Why We had a neighbor woman lived about a half a quarter up there so I went uh I went up after her And she was a huge thing and couldn't walk fast and of course I was young #1 I could have run # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: A mile I just #1 Worried # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: To death Interviewer: {NW} 678: Thought once I pick her up and and I tote her down there you know Interviewer: {NW} 678: Finally she made it down there and uh She took care of it and The time the doctor got there the boy was born and cleaned up and his navel cord taken care of and he said you don't need me he just examined my wife and I said well what's your bill he said just half fare {D: Just he said} Such a good job and everything said Come by and pay me ten dollars that's what they charged twenty dollars Interviewer: Twenty dollars 678: That was in nineteen thirty-two during the depression It took me a year to pay him a dollar a time every time I'd go to Jonesboro if I had a dollar I'd stop and meet him Interviewer: Oh 678: Until I paid that ten dollars Interviewer: That is really something 678: {NW} Interviewer: Well now if a child or like let's say a boy had the same kind of facial features as his father you'd say that boy 678: Resembled his father Interviewer: Would they ever 678: Well they all see well he looks like him Interviewer: Looks like him how about favors him did they ever say that 678: Say favors Interviewer: Favors 678: But most of the time they'd say looks like him and I Got studied about that later and I said well sure we both look out of the same eyes I mean they look alike Interviewer: Eyes yeah 678: The so many of the old sayings didn't really make sense Interviewer: Did yeah uh-huh 678: Might say I look like you Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well we do #1 We both look through glasses we look we look we look # Interviewer: #2 Yeah we look through glasses # {NW} 678: But uh Resemble or Favors Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NS} And I would say resemble would be more accurate Interviewer: How about if he had actions or behaved like him would they ever what would they usually say then 678: Well you mean about chip off the old block Interviewer: Yeah or something like that did they ever say takes after 678: {NW} Takes after him Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I can tell you another good one about that that uh A little The little boy went to School They had a new baby in their family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he told his teacher about it and The teacher wanted to course wanted to make conversation make him feel good he said Now son who does the baby Uh take after Who does it uh Favor Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Thought a minute said well Said it's got features like mama but said it's got fixtures like daddy {NW} Interviewer: Oh my gosh 678: {NW} And to show you how kids now you can't uh you can't Talk in front of them because they'll repeat you Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: When when I had been married twelve years Loretta had just Was in her second year of school Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: She only came home for lunch at that time Didn't have the lunch rules so they'd come home for lunch So around the I was eating a noon day meal why I said well honey Twelve years ago today your mama got me by the ear and led me to the altar She didn't let her shirt touch her back until she got to school until she told her Teacher said guess what Miss Gill Interviewer: Oh 678: {X} Twelve years today ago today he said mama by the Ear and led him to the altar Interviewer: Oh 678: Oh Miss Gill couldn't wait until she saw us to Laugh about it #1 She knew you know what # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Knew what yeah what 678: But Told it as soon as she got #1 To school # Interviewer: #2 As soon as she got couldn't even wait # 678: {NW} Interviewer: Well if you were talking about a like a woman who says she had a hard life her husband died and like if she had six children all by herself she had to in reference to the children what would you say she had to do to the children 678: She had to be the The boss or the daddy and the mother both well uh I've heard them say I've had to be Mother and daddy both Interviewer: And um 678: While we're on this {NS} Um Some of these they scratch out things out sure enough Interviewer: Okay okay if you want me to sure I will if you want me to 678: After you get through with that part of it anyhow Interviewer: #1 Okay # 678: #2 Because # Someone might come through here some day {X} Said I want to see mayor Moon Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Hey # Boy you know what you said over Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 On the tape # Interviewer: No I didn't think anybody would ever do that that's funny um 678: {NW} Interviewer: Would they usually say uh that somebody's raised six children #1 Or rears # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Six 678: Raised Interviewer: Raised 678: And I've heard a lot of you know jokes about that How did they raise them on the elevator or Interviewer: {NW} 678: By the hair of their head Interviewer: {NW} 678: See Interviewer: Yeah 678: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: And uh well that's uh that's what it means Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Lift them up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So and I I still catch myself I was born and raised in Bay See Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm oh born and raised right right # 678: #2 Uh-huh # And uh Uh I try to think well I was reared in Bay Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So I try to but Being a country boy I still get back and lot of times I say I Born I say you from Bay yeah born and raised there {NW} Interviewer: Oh 678: It'll wear you out you know we use that Interviewer: Yeah 678: They spell it I don't I don't know if it's in dictionary or not but they spell it Y E O W and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And right in your Fiction you know and so forth but I really don't {NS} Accept the word or not But all these Especially southern people yeah Interviewer: I say it all the time 678: And uh And they in Mississippi They don't see yes sir they say yas Y-A-S Interviewer: Oh 678: Yas sir {NS} And they that's And you know they don't want to be mixed with the colored people in any form or fashion But they have automatic to To taken up the nigger's Brogue. #1 Yas sir # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: He says yas sir see Interviewer: And so they say that 678: Yeah yas sir Interviewer: Huh um if if a child had been naughty you'd say to her you'd better be careful or you're gonna get a 678: Whipped Spanked Interviewer: Or spanked now if a if an unmarried woman had a child you'd call that child 678: You mean uh uh If she wasn't married Interviewer: If she wasn't married she had a child they'd call that child 678: Well he's uh {NW} I've heard him called woods colt Interviewer: Wood colt yeah 678: I've heard them called bastards Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh I've heard them I've heard them called deer licks Interviewer: #1 Oh deer licks # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Which uh really doesn't Doesn't mean that but I've heard them called that and There's some other word I can't think right now what they would call it but You know what the You know what the colored boys in Mississippi say when You ask them how many you hire them into a plant and say how many children you got Oh I got five And and I always try to joke with them I said uh Kelly is that all you have Oh he says I got a few over the fence Interviewer: Over the fence 678: That means with another woman see Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah I've got a few over the fence Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 {NW} # But I can't claim some Interviewer: {NW} That's funny I never heard 678: Well you're gonna be full of that stuff aren't you Interviewer: #1 Oh I'm gonna know everything I'm gonna know everything # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh now your brother's son would be called your 678: My nephew Interviewer: And a child that's lost it's father and mother is called a 678: He's an orphan Interviewer: And a person that the court would appoint to look after an orphan 678: Guardian Interviewer: Um now if somebody there was somebody else named Moon but you might say now he's also got the same name as me but he's no 678: Relation Or kin Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh somebody 678: Way back in years ago it'd be no kin Interviewer: No kin yeah somebody that comes to town that nobody knows now you'd call that person a 678: Stranger {X} A foreigner Interviewer: A foreigner right yeah now foreigner would not necessarily have to be from another country would it 678: Not uh he probably would now Interviewer: Would now 678: #1 But uh back then # Interviewer: #2 But not then # 678: If you wasn't of uh If you wasn't of our community community we looked on you as a foreigner Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: In other words when we played baseball when I was a kid we'd go play in the middle Or somewhere else it was it was war {NW} Interviewer: Oh it was #1 War it was like # 678: #2 Yeah we # Interviewer: War 678: No matter where we went they were foreigners as far as we was #1 Concerned # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: But really uh you know a foreigner is a an alien of some some other #1 Country and uh # Interviewer: #2 Some other country # 678: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 But not then that wasn't yeah # 678: Not then Interviewer: Well now what did they usually call who conducted school 678: Teacher Interviewer: Teacher 678: Schoolmarm Interviewer: Schoolmarm you've heard that too 678: It's what they called them when I was a kid schoolmarm Not mom, marm Interviewer: Marm 678: {D: Mm-hmm Marm} {NS} Interviewer: Um would they 678: Or old lady so and so Interviewer: #1 Or old lady # 678: #2 To her back # Interviewer: {NW} #1 Was was the name # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Cooper very common around here 678: Yeah Interviewer: Usually 678: Yeah we with us it was Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Several Several families of Coopers up in uh What we called Pleasant Valley district #1 There's a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: There was two or three families of Coopers that were related and then out uh a couple three miles there was another Bunch of Coopers then over in what we called uh {D: Loving Ridge} Over here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There was another bunch we had uh we had right now we got seven families of Holts Of no relation Interviewer: That don't 678: Gets mail out of this post office Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: So that's a lot of Holts Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And there's a lot That's related to this Holt Lot related to this one but they're not Inter-related Interviewer: But not inter right 678: It's absolutely seven different families Interviewer: Hmm 678: And that gets a little #1 Confu- # Interviewer: #2 That gets # 678: #1 Confusing sometimes # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I bet it does # Oh now did you ever hear a person talking about somebody who wasn't very good at something like say a preacher ever heard him called a jack leg 678: I've heard uh carpenters called a jack leg #1 Carpenters and jack leg # Interviewer: #2 Oh you've heard of carpenters # 678: Mechanics but I've heard uh preachers called sky pilots Interviewer: Sky pilots 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Really oh 678: Pilots you to the sky {X} Interviewer: Oh 678: But jack leg is a common name for anyone that uh That doesn't excel at their At whatever they're doing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Say is that man a carpenter or he's a jack leg Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: That's funny 678: Now the words you want you've got to drop to {X} Interviewer: Don't I now the the uh commander of the ar- of an army would be called a 678: Well I guess this uh would be the general the Ch- The uh Chief of Staff or the general {NW} Interviewer: Oh and the Kentucky fried chicken man he's the 678: Colonel Sanders Uh now you you should have seen me when I had my moustache and Interviewer: Oh did you 678: And sure enough long hair here about Year and a half ago #1 They called me Colonel Sanders until I shaved # Interviewer: #2 Did you really they did # 678: It off Interviewer: #1 You had a moustache # 678: #2 {NW} # Just a moustache Interviewer: Yeah 678: I growed uh I growed that thing way way out you know Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh While I was starting in letting my hair grow I {X} Used to wear a crew cut Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: So I just let it start growing and growing and growing and it got longer here than it did up here {NS} Than these three did Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 So # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: Uh {NW} Interviewer: Oh 678: I had me a pretty good moustache I done it just for the heck of it Interviewer: Uh-huh um what about the man that's in charge of a ship what do you call him 678: Captain Interviewer: Have you ever heard captain used in any other way other than #1 The army # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Or the air or 678: #1 They call him # Interviewer: #2 Or # 678: The old man Refer to him as the old man Interviewer: Oh you have 678: Or the G Interviewer: Have you ever heard people talking about like oh say something like a raid or road gang or something called the head of it a captain 678: Road gang Interviewer: Or I don't know 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Or work # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Gang # Or something 678: Yeah they're uh {NS} S- Uh {X} section used to have a section foreman Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then they'd have a man that uh sort of captained the #1 Whole thing # Interviewer: #2 Oh they did # 678: {X} Interviewer: Light bulb, yeah. 678: Captain Interviewer: Um how uh now a child in school would be called a 678: Student I suppose Pupil Student I imagine Interviewer: Whatever now how about um somebody that let's say is a a man hired uh somebody to look after his letters and his correspondence they'd call her a 678: Secretary {NW} I guess Is that right Interviewer: Sure a man on the stage would be an actor so a woman would be 678: Actress {NS} Interviewer: Um now if you were talking about you know like these people that you were talking about kind of ne'er do well type people have you ever heard anybody refer to them as trash 678: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Or # 678: #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 People # 678: Scum Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Trash Interviewer: Trash you've heard of it how about 678: Some of them I referred to in this Dale Carnegie thing they was trash and scum Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or they wouldn't have been in that condition Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: That what that was the truth Interviewer: That that was the 678: That I wrote yeah {NW} Interviewer: How about people who lived way off in the in the hills you'd call them 678: Hillbillies Interviewer: Hillbillies you ever heard the word hoosier 678: Hoosiers Interviewer: Uh-huh in talking about 678: {NW} You know where they're from Interviewer: No 678: Indiana Interviewer: Oh from Indiana you've heard it talking about people from #1 Indiana # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Um 678: And the in Ohio the buckeyes you know Interviewer: Oh Ohio uh now if somebody was waiting for you to get ready to go some place and they said uh Bert will you be ready soon you'll say yeah I'll be with you in 678: Minute {NS} That's what I usually say Interviewer: Just a minute 678: Might be ten but I say wait a minute Interviewer: You'll be with you in just a minute {X} Um if you were sure you're on the right road to a place but just not sure of the distance you'd ask somebody well how 678: How far Interviewer: Um if you were agreeing with somebody now if somebody said I'm not gonna do that you might say well me if you weren't gonna do it either you'd say well 678: Me me me me neither Interviewer: Me neither probably that's hard to remember what you say when you're not really saying it now this next part's just a for pronunciation I'll just point and tell me you tell me how you say it now this would be my this part of my head would be my 678: Forehead Interviewer: And then uh now on a man's face he has to shave his 678: Beard Interviewer: Uh now 678: {NW} Interviewer: Distinguish this one from this one this would be my 678: Say what now Interviewer: To distinguish this one from this one this would be my 678: You mean left ear Interviewer: Right and this would be my 678: Right ear Interviewer: And 678: Some of them used to call them years you know Interviewer: Oh years {NW} {NS} So the part that you talk through would be your 678: Mouth And this whole area around here would be your Neck I Interviewer: And 678: And uh Interviewer: The part that you swallow through would be your the the thing that you swallow through would be your 678: What do you call it Interviewer: Well you 678: #1 Throat # Interviewer: #2 Throat # 678: #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Throat 678: Aw I thought you had a fancy name #1 {D: For that one} # Interviewer: #2 No no # Throat was what have you ever heard anybody talk about a goozle 678: Yeah Interviewer: What would that be 678: Same thing This is it Interviewer: Oh 678: That's your goozle Interviewer: Mm-hmm it'd be the same thing as your #1 Throat # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} Interviewer: Um 678: {NW} Some of them has Adam's apples you know Interviewer: Oh 678: You know what Adam's #1 Adam's apple # Interviewer: #2 Adam's apple # That's the 678: This is it {NW} This see Interviewer: But yours doesn't #1 Stick out # 678: #2 Uh-uh # But I've seen 'em just like that #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Once it was 678: Looked like a turkey's Interviewer: Like a 678: Neck you know {NW} Interviewer: That area right up above your teeth would be 678: Your gums Interviewer: And this part of your hand would be 678: Palm Interviewer: And uh you'd say he got well like this you'd say he had two 678: Fists Interviewer: Uh and if you hit somebody would you say hit him with his 678: Right Interviewer: Right 678: Right fist Interviewer: Um the places on your body that move would be your 678: Joints Interviewer: And the upper part of man's body is called his 678: Torso isn't it Interviewer: Torso 678: Uh-huh {NW} Interviewer: And then you say this would be your 678: Shoulders Interviewer: And this would be your this whole thing here 678: Hand Interviewer: And you'd say you have two 678: Two hands Interviewer: Um this uh what we walk on would be uh 678: Feet Interviewer: Um now the front part of your leg the part that you know into things 678: Shin Interviewer: Now if you're squatting down like on the back part of your thighs you'd say you're squatting down on your you know hunkers or #1 Haunch # 678: #2 Yeah # Um {NW} Your haunches Interviewer: Your haunches You ever heard anybody say they hunker down 678: Yeah Interviewer: Would that be the same as #1 Squat down # 678: #2 Mm-hmm same thing. # Interviewer: And if somebody's been sick and they're okay now but they might say still looks a little bit 678: Pale or {NS} Or peaked do you say #1 Peaked # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Peaked why do you think of everything I don't know how you think of everything 678: I've heard of I remember Interviewer: Yeah but you remember you you but you know this stuff you know and keep up with it how about a person who can lift heavy weights you'd say that person is really 678: Strong Interviewer: And how about a person who's not really fat but just kind of thick you'd say that person 678: Maybe I don't follow you {NW} Interviewer: They're they're not really fat but they're 678: #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 Sort of # Solid I guess {NS} Uh maybe a nice way of saying #1 Fat # 678: #2 Oh uh # Uh {NS} We said the other ones didn't we say the other was strong what did we Interviewer: Strong okay yeah how about stout would you ever 678: Well yes Word stout Interviewer: Now a person that's really easy to get along with you'd say they're that person is good natured or 678: #1 Good natured # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Yeah Interviewer: How about a person who's always knocking into things all the time you'd say they're really 678: I'd call them scatter brained {NW} I don't know if that's right or not Interviewer: How about a person who would never spend a cent of money 678: He's a miser Interviewer: Miser 678: Got to be Interviewer: How about uh a how about a word miser and then how about it's got tight with it you'd say {NS} 678: Tightwad Interviewer: #1 Tightwad you've heard that # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Too um now if if you were talking if you were using the word common like if you said that girl is very common what would you mean 678: {NS} Well I believe it uh {NW} That you would Well this this well there's several ways like I believe but I believe what you mean is that she's not too pretty Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh She comes in the Would be classed uh {NS} Well a lot of the girls weren't Pretty and this that and the other in other words she doesn't She doesn't have anything that excels {NW} See Now that may not be the answer you wanted but uh Interviewer: Yeah that's what I was looking for 678: But another way of common would be uh they're I've heard of Uh Women of ill repute Interviewer: Oh you've #1 Heard it used that way too # 678: #2 Yeah but # But uh They're just a They're just a common #1 So and so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm um now if you were talking about somebody that was 678: {NW} Interviewer: Oh say ninety years old and could still really get around real well you'd say that person was really 678: Active Interviewer: Uh 678: Lucky Interviewer: #1 Lucky yeah # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: How about a little kid who just can't sit still in a chair you'd say that kid's really 678: {NW} Fidgety Interviewer: Fidgety um 678: Or mean I don't know which Interviewer: Or if one of your children was out later than usual you might say now you wouldn't say you felt easy you'd say you felt 678: Uneasy Interviewer: Um now if somebody was uh if somebody you just could not joke with without that person losing his temper you'd say that person is really 678: Touchy Interviewer: Touchy #1 Right # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Yeah 678: Stop that #1 Just a minute # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 678: {X} On any kind of business I'll stay until around eleven ten thirty to eleven Interviewer: Well anyway you just you just tell me um 678: About fifteen minutes Interviewer: Alright um one thing I was curious about uh I noticed in your memoirs the one you began when you were talking about now you said when you got the illness you said that you I think you said you took sick 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Yeah now would that that would be a common way of #1 Saying it # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 At that time # 678: #2 And that's the # Reason I used it Interviewer: That's why you used it you would have said instead of saying I got sick I noticed you said 678: And uh Or or Say that I contracted uh certain certain illness Interviewer: Yeah 678: They used to say well he took sick Interviewer: Took sick yeah 678: And that's why I put that there I may have done it through ignorance but uh Uh uh you know But Actually when I when I uh Wrote that I tried to think back Uh as the way it would have been expressed at that time Interviewer: Right yeah yeah I like that #1 I thought was good # 678: #2 {NW} And # Interviewer: I liked that about that 678: Because uh Actually I don't know any highfalutin words or if I did I wouldn't know what they meant Interviewer: {NW} 678: I don't mean that literally I do but I mean I'm not qualified to {NW} To use Uh I don't have too good of Vocabulary Not nearly as well as I would like to have see Interviewer: Oh I think 678: What I have I've just dug it out #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: So but uh I tried to revert back to Just exactly the way It happened or would have been said Interviewer: Um if there were several people like in a burning building somebody might just say now just keep 678: Calm Interviewer: Uh 678: Or cool it we'd say today Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} We'd always say cool it around the farm {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's funny # 678: But they'd say it Interviewer: But they'd say it 678: If there if there was fire burning these people who got to hurling around you'd say cool it cool it It's just what you're used to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Way you grew up Interviewer: Um if a person sat sat was sitting in a draft you might tell him now you better be careful or #1 You're going to # 678: #2 Take a # Cold Or catch a cold Interviewer: Okay 678: We used to say take a cold #1 Cold # Interviewer: #2 Take a cold # 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Now if the person did take a cold and their throat got sounded like this you'd say 678: They're hoarse Interviewer: And then uh if they were going like {NW} you'd say they had a bad 678: Cold or cough Interviewer: Um if somebody can't hear anything at all you'd say they're stone 678: Deaf {NW} I won't tell you {X} {NW} This uh Man and woman Man and wife Uh They was pesting their neighbors and any time he would start to tell anything Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: She'd butt in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And correct him Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So one night he was telling a tale about {NS} A person and he said and uh {NS} And uh she was She was deaf {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And she said John John Not deaf {C: pronunciation} Deaf and he said now by gosh the one I'm talking about was deaf {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's great that's funny the one he was talking about was deaf {C: pronunciation} she was talking about was deaf 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Deaf {C: pronunciation} # That's great oh 678: That should have stopped her Interviewer: Yeah Yeah 678: And then there's another funny one you don't mind funny ones being mixed in here do you Interviewer: No 678: There's another funny one about the man and his wife that uh {NW} Got into argument and finally she said Oh boy said I wish I'd have thought twice before I married you He said honey if I'd have thought once I'd have been happy {NW} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} {NW} 678: Then there's another old saying that uh {NS} That's always told that the men will go into the factory or to their office and Say well my wife and I had it out this morning Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Listen boy did I have her down on her knees begging I I would tell that #1 To these colored people # Interviewer: #2 Yeah yeah # 678: And they'd say oh Mister Moon Mister Moon said what did you what was she {NW} Doing you had her down on her knees {NS} I said she was begging me to come out from under the bed and fight like a man #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 How do you think up these things # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I don't know how you think them up oh goodness oh oh let's see oh now these people used to get I don't think they get them much anymore they get these bad sores that would make a come to a head what are they called 678: Bad sore oh you I thought you said bed sores Interviewer: #1 No bad # 678: #2 You said bad one # Interviewer: #1 Sore that would be # 678: #2 Well # They called {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh oh yeah what would they call that stuff that came out of it 678: Pus Corruption Interviewer: Or corruption now if if you had some infection in your hand and your hand got bigger you'd say my hand 678: Uh you want it like they say in Mississippi or Arkansas Interviewer: Or like Arkansas 678: Arkansas it swelled up Interviewer: Swelled up yeah 678: These colored boys would say my hand's all swole up Interviewer: Oh all swole #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Swole up Interviewer: Yeah but now in Arkansas you'd say my hand's 678: #1 Oh they do in # Interviewer: #2 All # 678: Arkansas too I was kidding but They they The colored people especially use that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh and they s- they s- For a pint like a pint of water they say point {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Oh 678: And then if they need to say point they say pint {C: pronunciation} #1 They just reverse them # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # They just reverse them 678: And they don't stub their toe they stob it {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Stob {C: pronunciation} their toe Interviewer: Um in a war uh if somebody got shot they'd say they got a 678: #1 Wounded # Interviewer: #2 Bullet # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 Or # Yeah right and have you ever heard anybody talk about proud flesh do you know 678: Oh I've had it Interviewer: Oh you have is what they called it 678: Had a bone fallen On this finger see this {NS} This white scar there Interviewer: Right uh-huh 678: And the bone fell under it's worse worse than a blood ball it's a bruise what it is Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NW} And That thing Swole up Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then Come to a head and the doctor ripped it open here And bandaged it up And it oh it began to hurt and if I just touch it against anything just Oh just murder Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: So we took that off and you was Thinking of the frog stools the other day Uh That just a had a stool right there a little Nip of a thing and and then a great big round thing of proud flesh Interviewer: Oh 678: And that's when they first come out of these little old Things where the doctor could squirt ether on you and freeze that And I was ready to him cutting that off you know because the man would just touch it But he just froze that thing just took the scissors and Pushed he had me to hold this side because I couldn't feel it Took his other finger and pulled it back here and Cut it close enough that this Skin would come out over Got well in three or four days Interviewer: Mm isn't that 678: And I have never had anything hurt any worse Interviewer: Oh well now you remember when they used to use uh i- 678: Ice cap Interviewer: Yeah an ice cap 678: Still do Interviewer: Well how about when they would if you got a cut on your finger what would they put on there possibly 678: Oh way back yonder Interviewer: Yeah 678: Kerosene or uh Interviewer: Oh 678: Or uh Soot out of your stove pipe Interviewer: Oh they did well what about later 678: Dry dust Interviewer: Or dry dust goodness well now what about that red stuff that they used later 678: Oh you're getting modern honey #1 Mercurochrome # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # 678: And merthiolate Interviewer: Yeah what about 678: That's late that's late. I'm talking about way back in time Interviewer: How about um i- the other stuff the 678: Iodine Interviewer: Iodine did they use that too 678: Some of them called it iodine Interviewer: Iodine yeah well now was that before merthiolate 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah before I thought 678: The forerunner of merthiolate Interviewer: Mm-hmm The forerunner of mercurochrome and and mercurochrome was the forerunner of merthiolate 678: Yeah I've been here a while Interviewer: #1 Yeah you know {X} # 678: #2 {NW} Oh yeah # All the way there and halfway back Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 That's what I say # Interviewer: If you didn't know the cause of a person if you didn't know the cause of a person's death you'd say I don't know what he 678: Died from Interviewer: Um 678: Well died with Interviewer: Or even you said that one 678: #1 Either one # Interviewer: #2 Either one # Either one uh when somebody dies the ceremony that you have is called a 678: {D: We do just} Well we say preaching his funeral Interviewer: Right yeah now when the people are dressed in black they say they're all in 678: Mourning You know I often wonder about that preaching #1 A funeral # Interviewer: #2 Preaching yeah # 678: I don't like that word preaching Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Because that's getting {X} Ain't it Interviewer: Because yeah 678: I would I I'd just say that uh Uh Brother Jones held the services Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I don't like that word I don't want him preaching at me Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or over me either one Interviewer: Uh do you remember uh uh a disease that people used to get in their throat that course we have a shot for it they don't have it anymore but 678: Diphtheria Interviewer: Yes yes how about a disease that makes people's skin turn yellow 678: Oh that was uh Well it can be a fever or yellow jaundice Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Jaun- Jaundice I believe we called it They call it jaundice but it's because it's spelled J J U N D I C E I believe Is that Interviewer: How about uh no if you had to have your appendix taken out you'd say you had an attack of 678: Appendicitis Interviewer: Um now if somebody had had to vomit and they wanted to tell you where they were sick they'd say they were sick 678: At their stomach Or on their stomach Interviewer: Or on the stomach when a when a boy and girl were going out together a lot what did they usually say the the couple were they'd say he 678: Going steady Interviewer: Going steady did they use that back when #1 You were # 678: #2 Mm-mm # Interviewer: How about courting did they 678: Yeah Courting was Before I got old enough to go out I I {NW} When I when I was growing up we called it going steady Interviewer: You called it #1 Going steady # 678: #2 But uh # Interviewer: Courting was just 678: I remember I can remember hearing them say that uh {X} Didn't so and so used to court her Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh mm-hmm yeah and now if they were going steady they would they would say that uh he is her 678: Sweetheart #1 Or uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah 678: Mm-hmm call her call her sweethearts Interviewer: Sweetheart 678: #1 For she she would be his sweetheart # Interviewer: #2 She would be his sweetheart # And he would be her 678: Uh I {NW} I don't know what they they said there but later on they say boyfriend Interviewer: Boyfriend uh-huh 678: But they didn't say that back when I was #1 Courting # Interviewer: #2 They didn't # 678: No Interviewer: How about if if a boy came home with lipstick on his collar 678: Oh he was guilty {NW} Interviewer: What would they say he's been doing like back then 678: Smooching Interviewer: Smooching yeah 678: That was during my day when they said #1 When they said # Interviewer: #2 Yeah when they said # Smooching 678: But uh back back before we {X} I don't remember having any lipstick #1 I remember # Interviewer: #2 Oh you don't # 678: My When I was a little child I don't remember hearing the word lipstick #1 Or seeing it # Interviewer: #2 Right # Uh-huh 678: I remember when I first noticed it it just red real heavy red they just smear it on Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Like a cupid doll {NW} Interviewer: Um how about if uh if a woman had a let's say she had agreed to marry a man and instead though she ran off and married somebody else what 678: Like eloped Interviewer: Yeah now what now so this first man what would they say she did to this first man 678: Jilted him Interviewer: Jilted him 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Yeah um did you at at a wedding now the woman that stands up with bride would be called 678: Bridesmaid Interviewer: And the man who stands up with the 678: #1 Groom # Interviewer: #2 Groom # 678: I guess Interviewer: The one who stands up with the groom is called 678: Best man Interviewer: And do you ever remember when people would get married they'd give a kind of a serenade 678: Oh yeah they call them we call them chivaree Interviewer: Chivaree what would they do did they do it to everyone 678: {NW} We'd uh Well sometimes they done too much sometimes they would uh Surround a house Shoot Firearms Interviewer: Hmm 678: Holler and hoot and sing get to the side of the house and Clubs or whatever they could find And sometimes go in and get the man take him out and ride him on the rail Interviewer: Oh my heaven 678: Yeah Interviewer: Did they really do all that 678: And uh and hard feelings made the rest of their life #1 Some of them # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: But that is getting into {NS} Into more uh {NW} What did you call it barbaric bunch of uh people ordinarily And I've been in some of these we'd just go Storm over the first night that they moved into their home where they was gonna reside {NW} We'd go there and we'd all gather and all once everybody would have a shotgun to wild them you know And Cow bells and anything we could make noise with And uh If the woman now mo- some of the times they would tell the woman tip her off So she could have some Goodies #1 You know for us to eat # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Oh I #1 See # 678: #2 And then # Two women or more nervous and scared And they didn't want to scare them half to death Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But if they didn't tell the woman then the girls that went with us and and the married some married way up in years that's Part of the fun then you know But they'd always take something to eat And we'd go in their house and And uh Eat and sometimes take them presents see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Like uh Some pillowcases or Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Something like that or maybe a little sack of coffee and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh Half pack of potatoes Something to get them started off on {NW} And it's all fun that's part of our entertainment Interviewer: Yeah {X} One thing I was wondering about that in your memoirs you said uh the reason that you ended up in the same grade as your sister was because you 678: I I skipped a year of school Interviewer: Yeah #1 But the reason you said # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Was because you you didn't say you played hooky you said you 678: What did I say Interviewer: You said you laid out 678: Laid out #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Laid out #1 Laid out # Interviewer: #2 Laid out school # Yeah I thought that was really cute because you said 678: Well I didn't uh yeah well See I went to school here at Bay and and then when I moved out to Browns They had an inferior school Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh I believe I was in the seventh grade my sister was in the sixth And Shucks uh no she was in the fifth and I was in the seventh there's two years difference in our ages And uh {NS} She she just {NW} Instead of going into fifth she went into sixth and carried it right along Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well I was so far ahead that uh I found out that What I knew in my {X} I In order to {NS} To get any good out of school we'd have to enter in the eighth grade Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well we was a little bit Small by the eighth because they went to school until they was twenty-one year olds Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 Some of them # In the eighth grade just go over and over and over Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And our dad had this timber job going {NS} He said well if you want to just lay out a year Drive the log team and then you can start heading see this was just summer term actually Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Then they had it that swift term But we laid out the summer term and Then fall came why I think I was Thirteen year old was in with the eighth graders Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Who was Seventeen or eighteen year old Interviewer: Mm-hmm and they were 678: They just didn't advance them unless they could make the grade Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: They either made them #1 Or they stay in that grade # Interviewer: #2 Or they stay in the # Same grade 678: I've been in In uh School With uh Seventeen eighteen year olds when I was ten and eleven Great big old overgrown kids couldn't learn nothing Interviewer: Really 678: They'd finally give up on them they'd tell their parents well they can't learn anymore or don't want to or don't need to see Either one of the three would disqualify them Interviewer: Would disqualify them yeah well now if a boy left home in the morning to go to school but instead he went fishing they'd say he If if he was supposed to go to school but he did something else 678: {NW} You mean if the boy did Interviewer: Yeah 678: Played hooky Interviewer: Played hooky 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah now what did you sit at at school 678: Well when I first started I went to school in a building not It wasn't twice as wide as this and Maybe as long as from here to the front and it was the old church of Christ Wooden building Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh you can imagine about what kind of pews they had in there and in that type of church We sat on those And we had to turn around and write this way Interviewer: Oh 678: In the second grade I went in the old methodist church which has been torn down we sat on the old pews Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Then in the third grade When I was promoted over to the the real school building we had double desks Interviewer: Oh you did #1 Double # 678: #2 Two to a desk # Interviewer: Two to a oh I see oh 678: And uh Later on got The single desk #1 Except that uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: It didn't have the lot of times now they have a chair with a writing Desk at the #1 Side # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: But this was the old time Desk with the ink well Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NS} You place them under here for your books Interviewer: Uh-huh well now you had mentioned that you had gone to the movies where did you go to see a movie 678: Well {NW} They had the At home we would go to tent shows Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: They would go through here especially in the fall Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Tent shows And uh Then uh Occasionally someone would Get energetic or ambitious you might say and Put in a show in an an old store building Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you'd either make money or And continue for indefinitely Until hot weather you couldn't stand in there and feel hot {NS} Or he'd uh wouldn't make enough money or get tired of it and quit but Interviewer: Would they call that a theater 678: {NW} Well I know we called it a show Moving picture show Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But then when I went to Got old enough to Go by myself or go out with other boys or girls We would go to Jonesboro #1 And they had uh they had the liberty # Interviewer: #2 And then you'd say you then you'd call that # 678: They had the liberty theater down on uh main street we called it the bloody bucket Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Because that's where the Cheap Johnny shows would put on and all these shoot them down short Westerns Interviewer: Oh oh 678: #1 And the old # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes # 678: Uh Sherlock Holmes and things like that Then we had the empire which is a bus station in Jonesboro now And then we had the uh Oh it was paramount the but I can't It's uh Can't think of the name of it right now it was on main street and then they built what is now the strand Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Between uh main and uh Church is a real nice theater And I they built it about the time I got married so they they had good shows back then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Actually Uh theaters paid off more then than they do now Interviewer: Than they do yeah 678: Yes yes Movie stars were something to To uh Look at on the screen and wonder if they was real life Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: See it was really something Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You picture heroes and your villains All this but now you see 'em on television until you almost despair 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I I see people {NS} On television that are supposed to be movie stars that I wouldn't give you one penny to see them In any play Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: For instance John Wayne I I like John Wayne pictures Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But uh He lived up close to Wally and Interviewer: #1 Oh he # 678: #2 And I s- # In California {D: Hollywood} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah 678: That lived in in {X} And he had uh Uh Part of his uh shot part of his pictures right there in his on his estate Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It was fenced around and I'd go up there {NW} Walk around and dang it I'd just peep in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They didn't mind it But John Wayne got so common that uh He's not John Wayne the movie actor you know I still admire him and still like him But it it It wouldn't uh create the sensation of the As if I had watched him back in the old {X} #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 Oh right # 678: And figured figured Molly McGee I don't remember if you ever Remember that Interviewer: I've heard the name 678: #1 Great uh # Interviewer: #2 But I don't # 678: Radio tape Interviewer: Radio yeah {NW} 678: And uh Mickey Rooney just a short ways from Wally And He's undoubtedly one of the ugliest fellows you Could ever see Interviewer: Oh really 678: Yeah he's an old looking Mickey Interviewer: Oh 678: Oh he looks terribly old And uh but he's a good actor #1 When when he # Interviewer: #2 He's a good actor # 678: Goes in Wally said uh he was having a Party for the ball players During the off season And uh Mickey heard about it Course they lived there you know and hardly ever saw the front of anyone's house See the back and it's all fenced in because you had to go winding around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But Mickey knew where Wally lived he'd coming winding there one day Introduced himself Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Said uh I hear that you're going to Have a party here tonight Wally said yeah He said how about me coming down there to entertain a while for you Wally said he put on the darndest show you've ever seen and got so drunk they had to take him home see Interviewer: Oh 678: That's been the that's been the Story of his life #1 You know drink his # Interviewer: #2 Of his oh # 678: Way out of several fortunes Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} But while I was out there I I watched them make uh One picture of Wagon Train You see Wally was in Wagon Train several times Interviewer: Oh he was 678: And I watched him make uh Uh What's this the pretty stars used to play Watched that and uh uh uh watched them make four or five different TV {X} I had I had uh dinner with old Charlie Wooster that played in Wagon Train Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh you did 678: And then this old {NW} Guy that made those scary Interviewer: {X} 678: No Interviewer: This 678: All all his shows is picture and still you Interviewer: Lon Chaney 678: No Interviewer: Uh Alfred Hitchcock 678: Alfred Hitchcock Interviewer: Yeah 678: I watched him make a {NW} Picture there of a Oh it was It was A replica of uh streets of San Fransisco Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In a Theater there And when they made wagon train {NW} They'd showed uh Uh It was in Re- A great coin set building Interviewer: Oh it #1 Was # 678: #2 And uh # Interviewer: #1 It was all inside # 678: #2 Wall # Yeah the wall was painted with uh Mountain pictures Interviewer: Yeah 678: And uh it it traveled In instead of uh Instead of the people traveling so much well this uh this thing #1 Traveled # Interviewer: #2 Oh the thing # Traveled 678: And that's where they got the scene effect Interviewer: Huh 678: And they had uh {NW} This Uh street And part of it would come in from one end part of it from the other and they'd have these tumbleweeds blowing down the street and that was none other than An enormous fan Back down there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Then I watched Art Linkletter make a Interviewer: Oh 678: Was a play out there Interviewer: Oh #1 That's really something # 678: #2 And I sat happened to sit # Beside uh Ronald Regan's wife she was uh Interviewer: Oh 678: She was uh She was a guest star on this with with Fred Astaire some kind of a play house #1 But uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: She was a guest star and I kept seeing the man sitting over there and I thought well you you a familiar looking fellow but I know you're not from Arkansas Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And he kept I kept looking around finally he goes oh said I'm uh Ronald Regan Interviewer: Oh 678: He was Lieutenant Governor at that time Interviewer: Oh really 678: And I said are you a guest here he said no my wife #1 That's my wife # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: She's a guest #1 I just come along with her # Interviewer: #2 That's really something # 678: {NW} Interviewer: Boy you really got a lot #1 Out of Wally's career yourself I mean # 678: #2 {NW} Yeah # Sure did Interviewer: #1 Getting all that # 678: #2 And I enjoyed it # Uh they Take {B} Ever He died not long ago he was a good friend of Wally's I used to visit their home out there {NW} Interviewer: Well you've 678: Oh I rubbed shoulders with some billionaires Interviewer: You sure did #1 Same as # 678: #2 Pretty close # Interviewer: People 678: And you know went to parties with them Interviewer: Yeah 678: I would talk when you referred to uh Sea food I went to Interviewer: Yeah 678: They've got a place out there that covers a whole block And uh Maybe it'd be Sh- Shaped like a pie this building and it'll be the steak house and then the next would be the chicken house and next was the sea food house The next would be Italian food and it it goes all around the block {NW} And everything it prepared cooked in the hub of the thing Interviewer: Oh 678: And there we that's where I went to the {NS} Sea food uh Thing and All the ball players that wintered in Los Angeles with their with their wives or their sweethearts And that was before I remarried Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And all shook up and tore up and Didn't know what I wanted to do or what I aimed to do I got in with a millionaire Woman out there that tried to marry me Interviewer: Really 678: Just Filthy filthy rich Interviewer: Wow 678: But I'd have been afraid of being caught in the dark with her so Interviewer: {NW} 678: Undoubtedly one of the boniest ugliest #1 Creatures you've ever seen # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Seen Interviewer: {NW} 678: And I didn't uh didn't want the money that bad Interviewer: You didn't want the money 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That bad # 678: She told me said you'll never have to worry for money anymore says I got more money than a hundred people could spend Interviewer: Mm 678: I said well I want to earn my own money My own money she said it'll be your own money Said work for me I'll give you a thousand dollars a day until you get all you want Interviewer: A thousand dollars a day 678: Said you can mow the yard do whatever you want I'll pay you a thousand dollars a day {NW} But I didn't take it Interviewer: Are you glad you didn't take it 678: Oh yeah Interviewer: {X} {NS} Um 678: Wouldn't have been happy if I had Interviewer: One thing I wanted to ask you about what were some common churches the most common churches 678: Around here Interviewer: Yeah {NS} 678: Same that we have now except that we had the Methodists and the Baptists Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And later on came the Church of Christ Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then the past few years {NS} We {NW} We had uh A branching out of Baptists We have what we called a Broadway Baptist Some other kind of Baptist I don't know what they called it then we have the Missionary Baptist which were the original Now we have the Assembly of God And we have a little Pentecostal church But way back there we only had two the ba- Baptists and Long in the {NS} When I was about Eight or nine year old {X} Church of Christ Organized {X} And now it has more members than any Interviewer: Oh it 678: Any other church in town Interviewer: Oh it does 678: We have Three real nice churches around this town But the church of Christ has more membership than {D: Almost them all} That what the Baptists and Methodists have Interviewer: Um 678: {NW} Interviewer: One thing I wanted to get so I could get uh at the recording level on the end of it uh just have to get some numbers count from one to fourteen 678: One Two Three Four Five Six Seven {NS} Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Interviewer: Okay and then starting with first go from first to tenth 678: First Second Third Fourth {NS} Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Interviewer: Okay and then the days of the week 678: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: And then the months of the year 678: January February March April May June July August September October November December {NS} Interviewer: Okay are you worn out 678: No I'm tough Interviewer: You're tough 678: I've enjoyed it {NW} Interviewer: Well I hope you're not worn out 678: One thing that Has bugged me why would they ask those silly questions Interviewer: {NS} Well well 678: A lot of them for me Interviewer: A lot of them seem that way to you 678: Like uh What for instance what was this #1 Head # Interviewer: #2 Head # 678: Or hand Interviewer: A hand yeah um just to com- some people don't you'd be surprised #1 People # 678: #2 Well # Interviewer: Call those fists 678: That's why you said you would rather Interview someone uh probably with not much education Interviewer: Well it's just because they're more truthful people who have education 678: They don't know any better than to tell the truth Interviewer: Tend {NS} 678: That's right Interviewer: Really 678: {NW} When you're interviewed they don't know any better than to tell the truth Interviewer: And people who have a lot of education are not as interesting for the most part simply because they are too concerned with stuff like 678: Exactness Interviewer: Exactness and what's right and what's wrong and all that and they're not nearly so interesting I don't have as much fun with them 678: #1 I catch myself # Interviewer: #2 I don't relax # 678: Too see I I've been {NS} Interviewed a whole lot Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: My newspaper bend with Wally #1 And there you've got to be awful # Interviewer: #2 Oh sure you have # 678: Awfully careful What you say That you won't be misquoted Interviewer: Oh so you've been interviewed with Wally 678: {NW} Yeah I've been I've been paid for making recordings. Interviewer: #1 Oh have you # 678: #2 Mason's store # He was advertising A certain baseball glove well I'd have verified the facts {NS} {X} {NW} Verified to check that I ordered a new glove {X} Interviewer: Oh you did 678: And I swore to him that I was telling the truth #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah 678: I actually bought him a glove {X} Interviewer: Well 678: Had stuff like that and you see You se- Interviewer: Linguistic Atlas of the Southern States personal data sheet interviewer Joan Wayner. Date December twenty-sixth nineteen seventy-three. {NS} Interviewer Joan Wayner December the twenty-sixth nineteen seventy-three. The community? 703: Uh s- White Oak Community. Interviewer: The county? 703: Cleveland. Interviewer: The state? 703: Arkansas. Interviewer: Alright, the informant? That's your name. {B} Your address? 703: Present one or {D: is that the one that} I was raised at? Interviewer: Present one. {B} {NS} Birthplace? Your birthplace. 703: {X} Interviewer: Where were you born? 703: White Oak. Interviewer: White Oak. Now the community you live in right now is it called White Oak? 703: No. Interviewer: Well tell me the community you live in right now. 703: Oh. It's uh Watson Chapel. Interviewer: Watson Chapel #1 Alright. # 703: #2 Uh-huh. # I thought you wanted to know where I's born. No Watson Chapel. Alright. {NS} And your age? Seventy-four. Interviewer: Seventy-four. Female. White race. Occupation? 703: Housewife. Interviewer: Religion? 703: Church of Christ. Interviewer: Uh tell me what your uh education is. The schools you last attended the last grade completed. 703: Eleventh. Interviewer: Eleventh grade. Where did you complete this? 703: Rising Arkansas. Interviewer: Alright. Now social contacts. Working companions business contacts close friends your church clubs and travel. 703: Well Interviewer: #1 Let's start # 703: #2 {D: Let's say} # Interviewer: #1 Well okay let's start with # 703: #2 I'd say there's # a lot in line there. Interviewer: Yeah. 703: Uh. Interviewer: Let's start with uh working companions. 703: {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 None? Alright. # Uh business contacts? 703: Taking care of property and paying the bills. Interviewer: Your close friends? 703: Well I have close friends uh I don't wanna name. Interviewer: You don't have to name 'em. Church you belong to? 703: Church of Christ. {X} Interviewer: Is it here in Pine Bluff or in 703: #1 {D: Ford Ford Hazen.} # Interviewer: #2 Watson Chapel? # 703: {D: Ford Ethan Hazen.} Interviewer: Ford Ethan Hazen. Okay do you belong to any clubs? 703: I belong to the homemaker's club. Interviewer: Homemakers. Now tell me about some of your travels. Tell me where all you've been. As far as #1 where you've traveled? # 703: #2 Well # Uh I've been to New Orleans. I've been down on the coast down there where those beautiful old {D:rooms}. I don't I can't remember. Interviewer: Where in Mississippi have you been? 703: That's what I said that's Interviewer: Oh you can't remember? 703: Can't remember that name of those beautiful old {D: rooms}. Natchez. Interviewer: Natchez? 703: Natchez. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 703: And uh then we went out west. Went up to uh na- Yellowstone National Park. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Then went down crossed the Golden Bridge. Went into Idaho. Interviewer: What southern 703: #1 Went to # Interviewer: #2 states # 703: Colorado and went up Pike's Peak. Interviewer: What southern states have you visited? 703: Well uh As I said been to New Orleans two or three times. Been to Florida two or three times. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And to come back we'd come back through Georgia Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 703: #2 and Alabama. # Interviewer: Okay when you were in Florida what cities did you visit in Florida? 703: We just went clear 'round the coast. Interviewer: So you went to #1 Miami? # 703: #2 Wen- went # from Mobile and come out Jacksonville. Interviewer: Alright. Um did you go through the steel city in Alabama? The one that's the big steel city? 703: I don't remember. We Interviewer: Birmingham have you been to Birmingham? 703: We we just went throughout those states coming home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. In Georgia in what cities have you been? 703: That's what I said just went through 'em. Interviewer: Oh you just went through 'em? #1 You didn't stop. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Uh-huh. # 703: #2 Just came through 'em didn't stop. # Interviewer: Uh in South Carolina you ever been to any of the cities there? 703: Uh-uh. Interviewer: No? 703: #1 I been to # Interviewer: #2 Uh Tennessee? # 703: Chicago. Interviewer: Chicago? 703: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Tennessee? 703: Yes I've been to Knoxville and Nashville and Memphis. Interviewer: Chattanooga? 703: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. In Alabama can you think of any that you #1 you s- Okay. # 703: #2 We didn't stop in Alabama at all. # We just went through Alabama and Georgia when we come out of Jacksonville Florida come home. #1 Probably. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # In Arkansas you've visited the capital city haven't #1 you? # 703: #2 Oh # I've been to Little Rock a lot of #1 times. Done # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: Done seen and went through the capital building and #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: and the old capital building. And uh then I've been to not Eureka Springs what's that old springs up there? That's so hilly? Interviewer: Um hot springs? 703: No. Way up north {D: past} #1 Eureka. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # 703: Oh Eureka. Interviewer: Must be Eureka Springs that's the only one I can think of right 703: #1 I guess it is. # Interviewer: #2 now. Cave Springs? # 703: I guess it is Eureka Springs. Where it's so hilly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where they Built that big Christ. 703: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Anne and them went there this year. #1 I is # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. It's okay. 703: Anne and them took a bus and went there and then they crossed over into Missouri. And and went into uh Interviewer: What cities did they visit in Missouri? 703: They went into that uh Oh goodness. Oh Matt's country what what is it called? Interviewer: Oh you mean the uh #1 Shepherd of the # 703: #2 {D: stars}? # hills. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 703: They went into the shepherd of the hills country. #1 From Eureka Springs. # Interviewer: #2 Out- outside Springdale. # Uh-huh. 703: #1 They went to shepherd of the hills. # Interviewer: #2 I'm pretty content {X}. # 703: I've been to Eureka Springs only PTA convention. I I was president of the PTA here at Watson Chapel two different times. Interviewer: Okay. President of the PTA. 703: I've held every office nearly in the PTA. Interviewer: Did your husband participate in it too? 703: He'd go with me he didn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: didn't really do anything specially but just attend with me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: I told him when I got elected I said now you're going. I said I'm not going by himself. Interviewer: Was he uh were you both active in the church? 703: Oh yes. Oh he was m- he re- he read his Bible after he retired from saw metal read it so much and studied it he really knew that Bible. Interviewer: Did you teach Sunday school? 703: He did. Interviewer: He did? 703: Mm-hmm. And I dated him when they {X}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And some of the women's organizations were you active in those? Do they have women's 703: #1 They don't in the Church of Christ. # Interviewer: #2 organizations? They don't have any. # 703: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They don't have those organization # Those type of organizations. Um. Tell me what your husband did for a living? 703: Well most of his life he worked for you want me tell when he was a young man? Interviewer: Oh yeah as a young #1 man. # 703: #2 He # started out working for uh the big saw mills around Kingsland Arkansas. He worked at {D: Drone} Arkansas. What they call {D: Drone}. Where it's a really big sawmill. And then as he got older and he went to Little Rock and he took a business course. And mostly to uh {NW} then he {X} as bookkeeping but he took several other subjects too. He took English and and spelling and writing and {NS} bookkeeping and banking {NS} and uh then he only used that for about six months and he kept books for a big saw mill down south Arkansas. And then he went back to uh building sawmills for the other people. And uh and in nineteen and ten or twelve he came back to Kingsland and he and and went into sawmill business for himself. {X} He did it with his brother in Carthage I don't tell that. Interviewer: Over at Carthage? 703: Uh-huh. He been in the sawmill business with his brother over at Carthage. Interviewer: #1 Is that Carthage Arkansas? # 703: #2 Earlier uh # Carthage Arkansas before that even Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh then uh nineteen twelve he came over from Kingsland on this he he sawmilled one year over at Kingsland. He and E. R. Buster were partners. And then came over on my side of the river and put in a big mill there and was there four years. There's where I met him and married him. Interviewer: And what side of the river was that? What river was that? 703: That was Celine River. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 703: And uh {X} Interviewer: Now what county was that you lived in? 703: I lived in Cleveland and he was raised in uh Kingsland's in #1 Cleveland. # Interviewer: #2 Cleveland. Mm-hmm. # And then You lived in another county before that didn't you? For your childhood years? 703: No. Interviewer: No? You've always lived in this county? 703: Al- Always lived in Cleveland 'til we moved here. Cleveland Grant and Interviewer: #1 What is this county? # 703: #2 back to Jeff- # Huh? Interviewer: What is this county? 703: This is Jefferson. Interviewer: Oh I see I need to change that then. Okay. Uh those are adjoining counties #1 aren't they? # 703: #2 Uh-huh. # I said we just made a circle. I was #1 born born and raised in # Interviewer: #2 How long How long did you ever {X} # 703: Cleveland County and then we moved up here and for a while in his life he had uh he sold automobiles. He was a salesman he and my brother were in uh I don't know how to say this. But uh they were like Bill and Paul. Interviewer: Partnership. 703: Partnership. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Selling uh not Ford which one is it? Interviewer: Chevrolet? 703: Chevrolet cars. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: We stayed we stayed here lived here in Pine Bluff uh several years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Then moved to Sheridan Interviewer: #1 And Sheridan was the # 703: #2 before he went back in # sawmill business. Interviewer: And that was in what county now? 703: That was Grant County. Interviewer: Grant County. Okay now how many years did you live in Grant County? 703: Five. Interviewer: Five years? 703: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And that's when you were first married? 703: No. Interviewer: No? 703: We lived in Pine Bluff here. Interviewer: When you were first married? 703: Well first married we sa- he sawmilling down in Cleveland County. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Right near me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: That's when he'd come over from Kingsland. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And was sawmilling there in about a mile of where I lived. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And so then you moved 703: #1 to Jefferson County. # Interviewer: #2 and then he County. # 703: And he was in the car business. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 703: #1 He had the dealership. That's what you call it. # Interviewer: #2 How long How long did you live there? # How long did you live there? Here? 703: Two or three years is all. Interviewer: Okay and then you moved to Grant County. 703: Uh-huh we was there five years. Interviewer: Five years. 703: Him sawmilling. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And then? 703: And then uh went back to Cleveland County. I said we just made a circle back to Cleveland County. And then we moved up here and bought this piece of ground nearly four- nearly fourteen acres. and built us a home over there that white house over there first. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You mean the one next door? 703: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And you lived in that one? 703: Because I was married we were living in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when did you build this one? 703: {NS} About eleven years ago I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: He didn't get to live in it so long 'til he passed away. Interviewer: When did he pass away? 703: In nineteen hundred and sixty-seven. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: We had our golden wedding nineteen sixty-six. Interviewer: Hmm. 703: And he just like two weeks of having another year together. Nineteen he died nineteen May the fifteenth nineteen sixty seven. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And our golden wedding was June tenth nineteen sixty-six. Interviewer: June tenth. 703: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That was a long time together wasn't it? {NS} And you had um you have some land next to you don't you? With some houses on it too? 703: Yes. Still Still own the old house. The old red house down next to {D: that}. {D: And I own three down on what they call Ringway Drive.} Another street down there. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 703: #2 Below here. # Sold this one over here. North Avenue. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Two three years two years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So uh you do that in your spare time you take care of those and rent them out? 703: Mm-hmm. Ha- have to. Don't have any help anymore. Interviewer: Can't find anybody to help ya? {NW} 703: Well I don't want to marry again so {NW} no one to help me. Interviewer: Your parents birthplace where was your mother born? 703: I was tryna think of that. Interviewer: Well if you don't know- 703: I do know I just {D: forgot.} Interviewer: Okay. 703: {X} Interviewer: Can you think where your father was born? 703: Yes he was born White Oak Township {NS} Interviewer: White Oak Township in Cleveland County? {NS} 703: {X} Interviewer: How were your parent education? Your mother's and your father's. 703: Well my father was teaching school Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: when he met my mother. In fact he was boarding with my mother's father and mother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh Interviewer: So- 703: Uh they dated. Interviewer: How many years did he go to school? Do you think? 703: I don't know how many years but he Interviewer: Did your mother go to school at all? 703: Oh yes she's going to school with him when they got married. Interviewer: Oh. 703: Just before they got married she Interviewer: Okay. She went her last school then. 703: About what age was she Interviewer: #1 married? # 703: #2 She married # when she's nineteen. Interviewer: Nineteen. So she 703: And he was twenty-one. {X} Interviewer: So if she went to school 'til she was nineteen would that mean that she went every year or did she- 703: Yes she went every Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 703: #2 year that- # Short terms they had in those days. Interviewer: Oh short terms. 703: That's what I said the short terms they had in those days. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And 703: This tells when we were married nobody does Interviewer: What about your parents' occupations. 703: Well uh that's why I said pa- my father #1 taught # Interviewer: #2 was # 703: school. Interviewer: Okay. 703: And uh was teaching uh up until after my mo- he and my mother were married. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh- {X} in Grant County where she {X} {X} Interviewer: Was your mother a hou- house wife? 703: Yes. That's all my {X} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} {NS} 703: They call it the {X} {NS} I Interviewer: Okay. 703: I do just as well. Interviewer: Okay and that was in Grant County Arkansas. 703: Grant County Arkansas and uh they were to be married in church Baptist church there. Close to her home. On one Sunday. {X} March the twenty-first. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Eighteen hundred ninety-seven. And uh there were no roads. And then a lotta rain. So the creeks and rivers were all all overflowed. My father's brother was a minister. And a teacher. But at that time he wasn't married. And uh my father got his brother and his cousin. {B} his brother. {B} to ride horses through the floodwaters and go ahead and tell my mother that he'd be there as soon as he could get there. Because he was goi- ha- buggy and horse going in the buggy to bring my mother back down to his parents' home. {NW} then {NW} the next day after they were married. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And he had to go d- drive clear around {D: the Sheridan} And the preacher {X} Interviewer: Oh that's okay. 703: Cause it's all {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh the preacher couldn't get there through the floodwaters. So and when my father did get there why uh they were just married there in my mother's home. Interviewer: Okay. 703: My mother's yes. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: {D: At Derrisaux Arkansas.} {X} D-E-R-R-I-S-A-U-X. {X} Interviewer: Okay. Can you tell me anything about your uh grandparents? Uh let's say on your mother's side of the family first. If you know anything if you remember. 703: Well, he was {B} {X} {B} and Interviewer: Where was he born? Do you happen to know? It's okay if you don't. 703: I don't. Interviewer: Do you know his education? 703: I don't. Interviewer: Okay. What was his occupation? 703: Farmer. And stock raiser. Interviewer: And stock raiser. Um do you know anything about earlier ancestry? Where your family like the {B} where they came from? you don't have 703: Mama did but I was too {X} written it down. I don't remember. Interviewer: You don't have any idea what country your {X} came from. 703: What about your father's grandparents? My father's grandparents? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: {NS} I don't know them either. #1 I just know my grandparents. # Interviewer: #2 You don't {X} # 703: #1 I know my father's # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 703: parents and they were my grandparents but I Interviewer: Yeah. 703: I don't know my father's grandparents. Didn't know. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Uh # 703: #2 My # grandfather {B} died nineteen twelve. Interviewer: Let's see now this would be 703: He was {B} {B} Interviewer: Is your 703: Was my grandfather. Interviewer: Okay that's what I want. {B} Okay. 703: And uh his wife was {B} Where she married him. Interviewer: Okay. Now can you tell me either one of their birthplaces that would be #1 that would've # 703: #2 I # Interviewer: been your grandparents on your father's side of the family isn't that right? {B} 703: I just know that during the Civil War my grandfather taught school and my grandmother went to him. Just like my father and mother Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 703: #2 She went school # to him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh my grandmother lived up in Grant County. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Between uh up in I I I don't know what the name of the community was. Interviewer: #1 Okay that's fine. # 703: #2 But she lived up # there and he taught school. And uh Interviewer: #1 What kind of an education # 703: #2 My granfa- # -ther, Bill, came from one of the Carolinas. Interviewer: Oh. 703: I don't know #1 which one. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Well that's alright. And what about {B} you happen to know where she came from? 703: Well that's my grandmother. Interviewer: Yeah. 703: The one I said- Interviewer: Okay but I thought maybe- 703: As far as I know she was raised in Grant County. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 703: #2 As far as I know. # Interviewer: Uh what about the occupation of your grandfather? 703: I see he taught #1 school. # Interviewer: #2 Taught # school okay I've got that. 703: And was in the Civil War. He fought in the Civil War on the Union side. Interviewer: {NS} Okay. 703: He didn't believe in slavery therefore he He t- he fought on the Union side. He was in the something Wisconsin infantry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay now let's go back to your your it would be your grandparents on your mother's side of the family and that was {B} 703: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # Okay did he have a wife and do you know her #1 My mother's # 703: #2 name? # mother died when she was so young she said she could scarcely remember her. Then he married again uh a widow woman. Interviewer: Okay and 703: And uh n- I don't know {X} She had tuberculosis. Interviewer: She had what? 703: Tuberculosis. Didn't live long. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Tuberculosis? 703: And didn't live long. Had one child and it died. Then he married this widow. And she had one child. And then they lived together long time. And she has pneumonia and died. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And then he went to live with my mother's half brother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} Let's go on down to uh 703: See he outlived three wives. Interviewer: Okay. Um I didn't write it down but your husband's education. He went to a business school you said didn't he? 703: First went to Kingsland's school. And then when he was about uh Interviewer: And was he the church of Christ religion too? 703: He wasn't anything when I married him. #1 His people were Baptist. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. 703: But he- he uh was united with the Church of Christ. We had been married many years. And he was baptized in the Church of Christ. Interviewer: Can you tell me anything about either one of your parents' ancestry? I think I asked you earlier but this goes on then ask again. Or about uh your husband's parents' ancestry. What country they came #1 Well now # 703: #2 from? # my my husband's mother she was a society belle and was raised back before the Civil War. And had slaves of her own to wait on her. And uh her mother and father died though when they were- she was rather young. And uh her older sister was married to a doctor {B} Warren Arkansas. And uh they took her down there. And then they sent her to a girls' finishing school academy. At Princeton Arkansas. Where she took music and dancing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: They were Presbyterians. Interviewer: Presbyterians. 703: And my fa- my husband's father came down from near the Capital of Missouri. Can't remember exactly. Interviewer: Columbia? Near there? 703: Springfield is definitely Interviewer: Springfield? Okay. 703: Came and fought in the Civil War on the South's side. On the Confederate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: For the Confederate. And he was also a writing teacher. The most beautiful {X} and taught it. People did back in those days you never hear such a thing now. But uh then as the war was over my husband's mother was I'll say {B} was teaching school. And uh of course she lost her slaves and when the war in the war when the Lincoln declared the what is it? Something proclamation? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: {X} He declared the Well he may have freed the slaves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: On the nineteenth of June way back then the Civil War. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Oh Ema- Emanci- 703: The proclamation. Interviewer: Ema- uh 703: The Emancipation Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. # 703: #2 Proclamation. # When Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation and it freed all the slaves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Then grandmother Griffin had no more slaves. She went to teaching. Interviewer: Okay. 703: And grandfather Griffin is I said came down from Missouri. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh then they met and were married. After the Civil War was over. I've got all that books down there if I could just find it. Interviewer: {NW} That's okay. 703: Oh I got it all and where she passed away and where she lived and all. Interviewer: Um okay tell me about the community you live in. The size of it 703: #1 Watson Chapel? # Interviewer: #2 some of the people. # Uh-huh. Some of the people. Um. 703: Well I really don't know but Watson Chapel I'd say it have about three thousand people in it now. I just- just a wild guess. Interviewer: Three thousand. 703: Uh-huh because all back behind me here there's just new settlements gone up new settlements gone up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 703: Sights that surround me here that you can see all back over that ways. Interviewer: Okay. What do you suppose mo- the occupation of many of the people are in this community Watson Chapel? Or can you name some of the things that are- 703: Well the man that lives next door in my house is a painter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And his wife babysits. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Part time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: {B} Live across the street. He works for the uh Department {X} They have children in court What's that called? Interviewer: Juvenile 703: #1 Juvenile # Interviewer: #2 court? # 703: court. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about um Are there any types of plants or businesses? What types of something like mills or plants or businesses in this community? Any large ones? 703: Yes there's some and I don't even know about. I hear 'em advertised and I don't even know about 'em. I hear 'em advertised on television so and so is at Watson Chapel. Interviewer: What do they manufacture or what do they build or 703: Well Interviewer: #1 there is a # 703: #2 Can you name any names or # uh cabinet place because I called him tried to get him come build me a cabinet. But what his name is now I can't remember that either. Interviewer: Are there um 703: And there's sto- and there's st- there's uh one st- good store here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: One further down Interviewer: #1 What kind of store # 703: #2 the highway. # Interviewer: is that? 703: Just general Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 703: #2 store. # Grocery no {X} no it's a grocery store. Interviewer: #1 Oh okay. # 703: #2 It sells # uh some other things Interviewer: Okay. 703: Mostly groceries. Interviewer: {NS} 703: Then this one further down the road. Same way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um What about any factories or manufacturing places? Can you think of any? Um are there farms? In this community? No farms? 703: All farms have died out even where I was born and raised when there was nothing but farms now there's no farms out there. Interviewer: You would say that these three thousand people uh 703: Work in town. Interviewer: Oh okay. Work in where? Are you talking a- 703: Work #1 in Pine Bluff. # Interviewer: #2 Pine Bluff. # Work in Pine Bluff but they live here. 703: Uh-huh. Or salesman or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. What about churches? 703: Oh well now {B} there works for the International Paper Company. {B} over here works for the International Paper Company. Interviewer: Is- is that located in Watson Chapel? 703: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Watson Paper Company is located in #1 Watson Chapel? # 703: #2 Loo- International # Paper Comp- no. #1 It's way down # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 703: there. That's what I Interviewer: #1 thought. # 703: #2 It's # Interviewer: I'm talking about just businesses in Watson Chapel. In this community. 703: They just work for 'em #1 driving back # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 703: and forth. Interviewer: So then actually this is a community of homes then you would say? 703: Yes. Interviewer: Instead of businesses and manufacturing plants it's a community more of homes. 703: And churches there's ever so many churches #1 let's see. # Interviewer: #2 Oh there are? # Okay. 703: Let's see there sh- the methodist church of and two Baptist churches and {X} Interviewer: Schools. How many schools? 703: Just the one big the there's the Watson Chapel High School. And the L. L. Owen Elementary School. Interviewer: Okay just two schools then in this community. 703: Really it's all except the high school is down here at the end of this street and Owen Elementary is over here on this street because there wasn't room to build a elementary. #1 This school as # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 703: as many people were moving into this district. Moving out here to go to school. {X} They just had to build more buildings and they wasn't didn't have anymore ground to build on. Interviewer: Why did #1 they move that school? # 703: #2 {X} # Build a nice band building and they had a- a gr- a great big uh ball ground down there and that took up the place. So then they bought this land across the street over here. #1 They had to put in # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 703: elementary school and named it after Mr. Owen our tea- superintendent for twenty some-odd years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And its called L.L. Owen Elementary School. Interviewer: Why did so many people move out here to go to this school? 703: I don't know if they just moved because of the school but they just moved to get out of town. Interviewer: Oh to get out of Pine Bluff. 703: Just to get out o- and from different places. Interviewer: Okay. What would you say then that the uh the best thing is about living in Watson Chapel? Why do you think those people wanted to leave Pine Bluff and live here? 703: That's a hard question. Interviewer: Well that'd just be your own opinion. 703: I know why we came here. Cause my husband never wanted to live in he didn't like it when we lived in Pine Bluff. He said he didn't like to be crowded. And that's why he bought this big piece of ground and then after he retired from sawmilling. Went to building these rent houses. Interviewer: Okay. 703: For something to have old age retirement. From the rent house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And we sold two or three houses. And uh still ha- I have five. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh You want to know why they came out? By all didn't come out of Pine Bluff they just came from various places #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 703: Because they li- it wa- it's a nice clean community. And at that time see there's no liquor stores. #1 Nothing like that. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Okay no liquor stores here. 703: No. And um nothing bad at all around here. And at that time there were no blacks. Interviewer: Okay no #1 blacks. # 703: #2 I- in this school. # Interviewer: #1 How long ago was that? # 703: #2 Although although # Well when we moved here 'til they made 'em integrate. Interviewer: When was that? 703: I don't remember the year they started making them integrate. Do you? Interviewer: Was it recently? Last couple of years? 703: Oh it's longer back than that. Don't you know when Interviewer: They 703: No you wasn't living here when the government called out the guards. Interviewer: Yeah but uh didn't they recently have uh some problem with them not integrating enough? Because it was in the newspapers last #1 year or year before last? # 703: #2 Mm. Yeah. Oh yes. # They they tried to got 'em uh a lawyer and tried to keep from integrating Watson Chapel because this Coleman High School over here was all negroes and it's in the Watson Chapel district. Interviewer: So you do have bla- blacks living in Watson Chapel? 703: District. In the school district but nowhere close around here. Interviewer: Well in the the incorporated #1 community of Watson Chapel you have- # 703: #2 Wel- par- part of Watson Chapel # school district goes way up in Pine Bluff. Interviewer: Oh. Okay. So you have blacks living in a part of Watson Chapel 703: School district. Interviewer: school district #1 not Wa- not Watso- # 703: #2 Don't say Watson Chapel just say # Cause they don't call it Watson Chapel over there. Interviewer: Oh I see. 703: It's in the district. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Just like Pine as the school district goes way up in Pine Bluff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And also goes way down in the country to around oh goodness I don't know I used to go down there with Mister Winslow and we'd go and take him and getting the children come in to have their tests. And I was working with PTA so much But anyhow Watson Chapel is a real big district. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And yes {X} Watson Chapel has more schools than that. It's Edgewood and oh Coleman and there they were all originally black but now they're all integrated. And uh Edgewood's in Watson Chapel. It's in Pine Bluff but still it's Watson Chapel district like I told you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you think about this integration? 703: No use to express my opinion because there's nothing I can do about it. Interviewer: {NW} 703: And I don't have- I haven't had any children to have to go you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 703: #2 eh # since the integration. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: My children were all grown up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And didn't have to go through any of it. But as far I do not hate the blacks as a race. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: I think they have a lot of them have just as much sense as the white people do. If they have this chance. Mister L.L. Owen talked to me one time about it and I was talking to him. And I said Mister Owen can they we call them niggers they like to be called blacks now I said uh can they learn? He said given the same opportunity all races on this earth can learn equally to the white race. Given now that's the big thing given the same opportunity. And we are now reaping the reward of them being the blacks being brought in here as slaves. Years and years and years ago. Before long before the Civil War don't you see. Interviewer: Why do you #1 say- # 703: #2 And that's # what the Civil War was over. Interviewer: Why do you say we're what rewards are we reaping? 703: We're reaping the rewards of the niggers killing us and raping and uh #1 and uh and and # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see what you mean. # 703: And having to go to school with 'em whether you want to or not. Interviewer: Because of the way we have treated them. #1 So that's what you mean. Yeah. # 703: #2 That's what I think. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 703: #2 And I've told # John and Clara that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: That we's reap- we's reaping now what what {X} been sewn Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: years and years and years ago. because when they were first brought in eh under slavery. I saw the old slave block down in New Orleans. And you could they could take a husband from his wife if they were even legally married or just living together and take one down there and sell 'em on that save slave block. Just like you could a cow cattle now or horses. And {B} uh or you could take a a child. from his mother. and tell him or take a husband from wife or wife from the husband tell him now to get him another husband get somebody else and have more children. Because the more slaves they had the richer they were. You know I {X} that {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: She- she was wealthy with the slaves. #1 Didn't have # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: to do any work. She just told them what to do. Uh there was one of them lived over Fort Eye said my husband could remember one or two of them that had been her slaves. Interviewer: {NW} 703: And uh said every once in a while they'd come over to Kingsland and sit down and talk to {B} and laugh about how sh- she didn't mistreat 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: but uh said she'd tell 'em to sweep the yard. Those days they swept yard with brush brooms and uh and said she'd tell 'em anyhow to clean the yard and if she didn't clean it sooner she'd make 'em do it over. Interviewer: How many did she have? 703: I don't know how many. Interviewer: Did she have a big yard did she live in a plantation type house or just a great big house or? 703: Uh well at that time you see she wasn't married she didn't marry 'til after the Civil War she didn't marry 'til she was twenty-eight years old. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: After the Civil War. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Eh but her parents see she lived a while most of her life with that ha- with that sister of hers that was married to doctor {B} #1 at Warren Arkansas. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 703: And he was wealthy Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: with slaves and then I think he got most of the property that gr- {B} should've gotten some of and didn't. #1 Now I wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: want that put in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh cause his wife never did learn to cook. Grandmother Griffin had to learn to cook after she married the poor man like she had married. He was poor because he had nothing after the slaves were s- or she didn't either after they were freed Ema- Emancipation Proclamation. And uh so she had to learn to cook. But uh doctor {B} being a doctor and then getting all that property too uh why uh {NW} hi- his wife was older sister my husband's mother and she never learned to cook she always kept a hired cook long as she lived. Interviewer: Hmm. 703: And uh let me see and there's a creek out from Warner that they call Franklin Creek. see my gra- my mother in law was Amelia Jane Franklin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And there's a creek out there I've seen it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Between Warren and New Edinburg. And she lived a while with her brother at New Edinburg. Out in that community. May and taught school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Before she was married. And I've seen the old uh doctor {B} house it was a two story house then called a nice home in those days. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Back in {NS} Interviewer: Did they have slaves just for the house work or did they have some for the crops or things too that they used 'em for? 703: I don- I don't think doctor {B} he lived right in Warren I don't think he was anything but a doctor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: #1 And they just- just had the house and used 'em # Interviewer: #2 So they just did- they cooked and # 703: for slaves and they had to cook and everything like that. And uh so did gr- {B} 'til they were freed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Like said that they come over Fort Eye and sat down there and talked to her and laugh about how she treated 'em said she never whipped 'em or nothing like that she just said said I'll ta- Interviewer: Joan Warner LAS project with Grandma Griffin. We're ready to start then. We were starting back on uh you were gonna tell me about who was on which side of the Civil War. 703: My my grandpa Worthing Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Was a confederate. I don't know if he fought in the war or not. But anyhow he was for the South. Interviewer: Okay. 703: And his first wife's people were were Mitchells and uh my mother that was my mother's mother and they were for the North. {NS} They were for the he was for the Confederacy and and her but the his first wife's people were all for the North #1 for freeing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: the slaves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So 703: And and uh he he was when he married her he just didn't know how how it was gonna work out on that account. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But she lived to have I believe it's six or seven children and died in childbirth. Interviewer: Mm. 703: And then one one of the little children died. The youngest one they called her Little Susan. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And they first lived in a little log cabin he built. #1 On the farm. # Interviewer: #2 Oh they did? # 703: And then he built a nice little country home Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: and painted it and it was all painted. And he uh planed it by hand. Interviewer: Did you see it? 703: #1 Oh I've s- been to the # Interviewer: #2 You have seen it? # 703: home uh lots of times when I was young wasn't married. Interviewer: Oh tell me about it. 703: Well it was just a nice country home. Interviewer: How many rooms and what what'd it look like? 703: Uh let's see there was five or six rooms and one of those big wide halls that all of the southern the colonial homes have in them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Hand-planed. Interviewer: Mm. That's a lot of work. {NW} 703: He was a hard worker. Interviewer: Did they have uh helpers did the community help build it or did he build it #1 by himself? # 703: #2 He built it # by himself. As far as I know. Interviewer: Yeah. Did they live in the log house until he finished it? 703: I suppose so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um and you said six children so 703: Uh six children lived. He had seven by his first #1 wife. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Did the did the #1 Did they share # 703: #2 And but # Interviewer: bedrooms then and and were most of the what were the rooms? Were there 703: Oh yes they had to share. They had to put #1 two beds in one room for the children. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Uh what were the rooms that were in the house? Were there were they all was there a living room or 703: No. Nobody in those times. Why even when I was raised Mom and Papa had a big house and they didn't have a uh a living room 'til about time I was married. Just took the front bedroom and fixed it up nice and that was uh where they courted. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then uh what were the other rooms? 703: Well uh you talking about my grandfather #1 where he # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. yeah. # 703: Well he had a living uh had bedrooms and dining room and kitchen and hall and back porch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the bathroom was outside? 703: Uh-huh. Outside bathroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: The- he built a little a bathroom close to the well. Just an outside and uh of course they didn't have to use just a wash tub. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh #1 I just # Interviewer: #2 Is that where the- # they took a bath? 703: {NW} Y- he built this little house out close to the well Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: So they wouldn't have to carry water so far but they'd have to take it and heat it though I suppose in the house on cookst- stove. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So she had a cookstove. 703: Oh yes. Interviewer: A wooden stove. 703: Uh-huh. A fireplace at the end of the kitchen where they could cook on the fireplace too. Interviewer: Okay. How many fireplaces did they have? 703: Two. Interviewer: And did they have any type of an attic? 703: No. Interviewer: Uh any type of a cellar or a basement or anything? 703: I don't think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: They had a uh smokehouse in those days where they sm- like we was talking yesterday even your father remembers them those old smokehouses and things how they treated the meat. #1 Well they didn't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: they had a smokehouse out behind this house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did they have a place where they kept the animals? 703: Yes. They had they always had the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And lots fence around the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Keep the uh workstock in and the cows. They milked cows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And brother get the milk and butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did they raise crops? 703: Oh Grandpa Worthing I'll say he raised crops he's the hardest working man you ever saw. Interviewer: What crops did he grow? 703: Oh cotton corn peanuts pot- potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Sweet potatoes, mash potatoes. Everything to eat. They practically grew in those days everything that they ate except uh like flour. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Then they'd raise corn and take it to mill and have it ground and uh milled. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What were his work animals? What did he have for work animals? 703: Horses. Interviewer: You don't was it horses or was it something else? {NW} 703: {X} I think he had some horses and mules. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did he do all the work himself? Did the family help? 703: The family all worked. My mother worked in the fields. Between schools. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So 703: And the boys he had several boys my mother's youngest brother now is all that's living of that family. He's ninety years old. He lives 'til the sixth 'til the tenth ninth of April he'll be ninety-one years old. Interviewer: Mm. 703: Lives in Pine Bluff. He's all that's left of the family. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What did you do when you visited there? 703: Just played with Mama's half sister and had a good time. Interviewer: What'd you do? What games did you play? 703: I don't remember any #1 special games. # Interviewer: #2 You don't remember anything? # 703: Cause we didn't stay that long when we'd go up there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But uh cause we had to travel uh in the buggy uh our horses {X} wagon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: To get to go up there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Weren't any roads in the country anywhere at that time. That was worth anything I mean just to an old dirt road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How long would it take you? 703: Oh it wouldn't take the- they wasn't so far from the park It'd take about four hours. Interviewer: And how far was that? Approximately? 703: I forgot My father and mother lived just down over the line into the county. {D: And they lived out of this uh Derrieusseaux} {X} and uh they'd have to cross what they call {B} to get up there. And I imagine it was about fifteen miles. Interviewer: Fifteen miles in four hours. {X} 703: But when I was going to school at Rising High school at Rising Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Why um the roads were so bad that I boarded with Miss Chowney. She was a widow-lady then. She had three children. Two two girls and a boy. And the boy Frank Chowney who's a lawyer now and they say he's a millionaire. Lives in Little Rock. Uh he {D:taught at} and boarded at papa's and mama's my father's and mother's and I boarded with his mother. And when my father was going to school at Rising before he star- started teaching he boarded with the Chowney's. Mister Chowney was living then, she- but when I boarded there she was a widow woman Interviewer: What'd you have to pay to board there? 703: Ten dollars a month. That's then that's all Pop and Mama charged Frank to board with them. Ten dollars a month. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 How's it # 703: #2 I too- I took music. # And that cost three dollars a month and then pay pay for your meals. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Oh. Pieces of music that I got a whole drawer full in there. Yeah. Interviewer: What instrument did you play? 703: Just just the piano. Interviewer: Just the piano. 703: Mom and Papa just had a organ in the home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: So I couldn't play all my pieces that I really learned because the organ didn't have enough. Interviewer: Keys? 703: Keys, yes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Like a piano. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} for some reason {NW} 703: {X} There's was a Kimbell organ. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Not in those days. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: They have some now I don't know. Interviewer: What was your house like? #1 Your your childhood house. # 703: #2 Out in the country? # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Oh well it was one of those big old colonial homes with twelve foot ceilings. Interviewer: Oh boy. 703: And uh a front porch and one of them wide hallways that was wide enough that we made a summer living room out of that hallway. And then the back porch and yes it had uh one two three four six rooms. Interviewer: #1 Six rooms. # 703: #2 Besides the # Besides the big hallway and front porch and back porch and the well had the well porch out for the well. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: I had a porch Interviewer: Oh you did? 703: to the well. Interviewer: Now what were the rooms in the house? 703: Like I said front bedroom was where my husband and I courted. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: When it's too warm we'd sit on the front porch on Sunday afternoon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then you had the rest were bedrooms? 703: Well let's see. No we had a living room and di- I mean dining room and kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Separate. Interviewer: Okay that's three rooms. 703: That's why I had to that's what I was counting. Had the front bedroom the boys' room and the dining room and kitchen were all on one side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And then that great big hall. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: and then mama's papa's room Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And the j- and a fireplace at each end of the house. Both of the the both of those front rooms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Had a fireplace at each end of the house. And uh then there was a room attached we always just called but uh we've had a bed in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: A small room the the they those rooms in those days they were high ceilings and large rooms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh then you had the outhouse out back. You didn't have it in the house did ya? 703: No. Interviewer: It was outside. 703: But mama always had a big range stove Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: course it had to be uh it's wood had burnt wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Uh but it had six eyes and a big and it had a uh tank for heating water. Great big held ever so many gallons I don't know on the side of that big range. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And that's the way we had our bathwater. Interviewer: Mm. 703: Coming from there. Interviewer: Did you have a big tub that you put in the kitchen? 703: No we just take that water to where i- uh well in the summertime uh we might take it out to the smokehouse and uh and and in wintertime we'd take it to one of those rooms where the fireplaces were where it's warm. Interviewer: Did you uh did ya take 'em often or did you back them did you believe in taking that bath often or did you just take it once a week or? 703: Oh we take it more than once a week that's one thing my mother did believe in she {X} she always told me said never put on clean clothes over dirty skin or dirty body. And uh maybe it would just be a bowl bath. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Didn't make it didn't get the tub bath but it would be a bowl bath. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Something like that bowl in there. See there's the when I married went over to the Griffins at Kingsland. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Why they had what they call a wash stand. My mother had a wash stand and she kept a pitcher and bowl like that. And there she bathed her babies in those. Oh in those big bowls. Interviewer: Did she make you clothes or did you buy them or? 703: Oh she s- she sewed for everybody in the community mama was my mother was a Dorcas. She sewed for all her children and herself and everybody in the community you don't know how many people uh would praise her name I said she ought to be I don't know how to say this but there were s- there were some orphan children in the community that is their mother had died and their father was living and she sewed for them just all the time besides her own children. And uh she sewed for everybody else and they I don't know how many different ones that they took into their home that were half orphans or orphans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And helped to finish raise 'em. Had a cousin Velma West that her mother and father separated and he died and then she was raised by her grandmother which was a sister of my grandmother Belle. And uh when gr- when Aunt Elizabeth West passed away why uh then she came down to live with my father and mother who had just lost my older sister a year or so before that. I was ten and Bertha was twelve when she was g- at Sheridan staying with Mama's younger sister who was married to doctor Butler. And uh she was up there taking music between the school terms. We still had shirts, we'd have four or four and a half in the winter two or two and a half in the summer. Well between that she was she went up there pretty soon after the winter term of school was out and was there three was gonna stay there three months to come back to go to summer school. And she uh she was taking music up there staying with my aunt Fanny her name was Francis but they called her Fanny. And married to doctor and uh Interviewer: You you said something about 703: And she died when while she was up there she too- she got sick and died of typhoid fever never got home. Interviewer: Mm. You said something about her being called uh you called her a dorcas did you say? 703: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that the 703: You know Dorcas in the Bible? It uh she she dies and uh they were all weeping in the upper chamber and uh and they called Christ to come to see her and they were all telling him about how she had sewn garments for our for our chi- for everybody and what a good woman she was and he raised her from the dead. I believe. {X} Interviewer: No I don't #1 know. # 703: #2 {X} # And so I know one church of Christ that had a room atta- they took one room and well they do that up here and so garments the people would bring in there and they'd work 'em over and fix 'em and give 'em to poor people called the Dorcas room and that's what I said about my mother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And that little woman that oldest girl that where her mother died Mama sewed so much for her why uh she'd write her a letter and a Christmas card every Christmas as long as my mother lived always tell her how she loved her for what she'd done for her. And others too did the same thing. Interviewer: Mm. That was wonderful. 703: She sewed for Velma, the girl they took into their home just like she did me. And long time after Velma married she couldn't sew at all and she'd bring her sewing back for Mama to do for her children. Interviewer: And you mother washed. Did she? 703: Yes. Interviewer: Well how did she 703: But she always had some of the children helping her. Interviewer: #1 How did she # 703: #2 Wa- do that # washing by hand. But she had uh before I married she had a wringer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: That she could put Interviewer: But when you were a child how did she go about doing that? 703: Washing? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Well we just had the rub boards and tubs and Interviewer: She do it outside #1 or inside or # 703: #2 Uh-huh. Outside. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Down close to the well. Interviewer: Oh. Mm-hmm. 703: And uh so it wouldn't be so far to and the well had a windlass. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Rope would go around bring up the bucket of water one bucket would go down and the other one would come up. Interviewer: Oh. 703: And had two had the biggest washpot I ever saw in my life because had so many to wash for. {NW} My sister has it down here yet. Interviewer: Oh, really? 703: Mm-hmm. Oh goodness it was a huge one mine that I had when I first married is small compared to and uh so uh then as I said then before I married she had this wringer Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: that she put in there between the tubs before you wash the clothes, put 'em in a pot and boil them and then took 'em out and put 'em in the ri- we had two rinse waters it'd through. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And she's use that wringer to wring 'em from the through the rinse water. Interviewer: And then you'd hang 'em up or someone else did or? 703: Mm-hmm. Yes we all did. Interviewer: {NW} 703: Hang 'em on lines #1 to dry. # Interviewer: #2 What were some of # your chores that you had to do? 703: Well just help around the house like that I never did work in the field but barely because my mother had so much to do that way. That uh I just mostly helped around the house. And uh things like that. And went school she wouldn't let us miss one day from school for nothing. Unless we were sick ourselves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: I've seen my mother so sick and I was be afraid to go off and leave her and I'd just beg her to let me stay with her and she'd say no you go on to school I don't want you to miss school. Said you go on to school said uh Benny my husband that's my father his name was Benjamin called him Ben or she called him Benny. Well he'd be out uh seeing what the uh see he had uh a lot of houses on our farm he had a big farm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And he had tenant houses. And he'd be out seeing what they were doing. And uh I remember that s- one particular time that I begged her so hard to let me stay with her cause she's so sick I thought as a child I was afraid she'd die ya know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Said said uh he'll be back uh she called him Papa. She said Papa will be back after a while and he'll tend to me he'll wait on me said you go on to school. I don't want you to miss any. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And then besides having the the tenant farmers I don't have any houses. And I guess I had a dozen or more around scattered over the place. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Why he ha- he'd hire hands to do his part of it he never plowed any but very little maybe in the garden some. Interviewer: #1 How much # 703: #2 Not much of that. # Interviewer: #1 How much did they give them of the # 703: #2 He just he just he was just the uh # What would you {D: call to} the boss? #1 He was just # Interviewer: #2 Overseer? # 703: Overseer of all that. Interviewer: Um. 703: I think he bought seven hundred and fifty acres when he and my mother was there a whole {X} call that? Interviewer: Acreage? 703: No there's a name for it. A whole {X} is so much you know? and uh Watson Chapel is so much but uh this is uh I just had to say he bought about seven hundred and fifty acres. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: {X} Mister Muddish he was going to move to Texas and he just paid a dollar and a half an acre for that. Interviewer: Mm. Then how much did he give to the tenant farmers of the crops and things that you don't have any idea? I was just curious about how how he worked it out you know so that 703: Well Interviewer: They got to live in the houses. 703: #1 And they got # Interviewer: #2 And they got so much of the food # 703: #1 And they got # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: so much of the crop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: money from the crop. Interviewer: What crops #1 were they # 703: #2 And he # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 703: #2 furnished 'em # don't you see? He had a had a commissary-like store Interviewer: Oh he did? 703: Uh-huh. Attached out there by the well. And and he furnished 'em. Interviewer: And he lofted them? 703: What what they uh yes they'd keep it locked because it didn't stay in there. My mother waited on it lots of times. Pa- if my father wasn't there why somebody'd come after something why she had to had a way from the well from the kitchen a door back where she could just go back down. There was a front front door to the store and a back door back there close to the kitchen and she could just go in the back door there without having to walk clear around. To the front door had this the commissary store had a porch on it and uh she'd go in there and get whatever they wanted and then she'd lock it back up because uh you know they it wasn't the whole community came there and bought whatever they wanted to buy but he furnished these tenants. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And charged it to 'em 'til the crops were all gathered and everything. And then whatever was left why was divided between I mean if they made more m- crop than they had to have charged to 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Why uh then they divided it some way I'm not sure about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What crops did they sell? 703: Cotton and sweet potatoes orange potatoes fruit my father always had a lot of fruit growing on his plants. Interviewer: Like what? 703: Apples and uh we had nearly every kind of fruit raised. We had grapes apples and peaches and uh Oh what is this fruit that's smaller than uh small peaches. Interviewer: Nectarines? Cherries? 703: No. I have Interviewer: Plums? 703: Well they did have plums. They had the yellow the blue yellow plums and the big and the big little ye- red plums that came on early. And then they had the big Japanese plums. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Great big ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But these were Something else. Interviewer: Apricots? 703: Apricots. Interviewer: Oh did you really? 703: Uh-huh. {D: And quinches.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: So I said we had nearly every kind of fruit that grew. {D: We'd bake those quinches.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh what kind of vegetables besides your sweet potatoes and potatoes did you grow? 703: Oh mama grew everything in that garden just practically cause I said they grew nearly everything they ate. Interviewer: Like what? Like what? 703: The vegetables? Interviewer: Yeah. The greens and all 703: Well in the early Spring like before my youngest sister was born the fourteenth of February she had done got her garden in because it was all high dry hill. And she had boys old enough to help her get it done. And hard hand plowed up and everything like that and she just supervised it and got and planted the seeds and they and they'd put out onions they'd plant uh mustard lettuce turnips turnip greens that would make turnips later cabbage and then later they'd have plant corn oh yeah and the and early they'd have the early early uh beans. {D: that they're running} early. They anyhow they'd have uh two crops of green beans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: One early and then they'd have the pole beans that'd come on later. Kentucky wonders is the kind they mostly used grilling and they uh green beans and then they'd plant peas but that wasn't they'd plant them mostly out on the farm somewhere. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 What kind was what kind would they have of those? # 703: #2 Great great patches of # Uh well they they'd plant uh purple hoe Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And black eyed and even the speckled peas. Interviewer: And then would he use all these in his store to sell too? Those crops are just for your own use. 703: That was just for our own #1 use. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Mm-hmm. 703: And they'd we'd uh pick 'em they'd have 'em picked. and put up shelled out and put up to eat in winter. Interviewer: And how'd you put 'em up? 703: Well they used formaldehyde to keep the weevils out of 'em. Interviewer: So you put 'em in in what? Jars? 703: Yes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh and {D: prox} jars. Mm-hmm. You shelled them and then put 'em in the in the in formaldehyde? And the butter beans I forgot to mention that. Hmm. 703: She'd always raise a lot of butter beans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And now she'd just leave them in the shelf. Seemed like the uh weevils didn't get in them like they did the peas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And Interviewer: Any yellow vegetables? 703: And we'd chill them out and got ready to cook 'em well. We'd just go get so many of them and shell 'em out. And English peas she'd raise t- two kinds of English peas the early and the late. Later on in life she grew even grew carrots. Interviewer: Yellow vegetables any of the yellow vegetables? 703: Carrots #1 was all. # Interviewer: #2 Carrots?. # 703: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Um # 703: that was later on after I was married before she knew about carrots. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any squash? 703: Oh yes. She uh she always raised squash. Interviewer: Which kind did she raise? 703: She raised the white pan squash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um I'm trying to think what else. What kind of corn did you raise? {NW} 703: White and yellow. Interviewer: Which was your favorite? 703: We had the sweet corn.? Interviewer: {X} 703: Uh-huh. To to eat mostly and then grew a lot of corn put in the barn feed the stock and that's it. They take that corn shell it off. My father would go out there to the bar- to the in this uh barn and where the corn was and he'd pick out the nicest ears and he'd at the end if there was any uh bu- bad grains or anything right then he'd he'd shell that off. {NW} Would feed it to the chickens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And then he'd shell the corn. First at first by hand and later he got a corn sheller. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Just for that purpose. That you could put a cob of corn in and just turn it around and shell it into a box. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Take it to a uh grinding mill have it ground into cornmeal. Interviewer: And then what'd you use your cornmeal what'd you make? 703: Just cornbread. Interviewer: Just cornbread? Did you make any other kinds of breads out of those or 703: No. Interviewer: Different ways to fix it just that #1 one way. # 703: #2 Just cornbread. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. 703: Some people done other ways I guess but #1 we didn't. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah I just # wondered how many different kinds. Um what other breads. Did your mother make her own breads? I guess she did. 703: Sh- she just made biscuits. My grandmother made uh yeast bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And we just tickled to death. After my grandfather and grandmother got old people in those days couldn't live by themselves because they didn't have any conveniences you know. Interviewer: Mm. 703: And so they broke up housekeeping and uh they came and and they had three children living they had had four children two girls and two boys. The older girl was teaching the younger girl was teaching her first school when she came home sick and she was teaching at the Mother's Schoolhouse. Papa brought bought the mother's place when he went to Texas and they called it the mother's schoolhouse. And she was teaching there when she came home one afternoon sick with a fever. And she died with uh typhoid fever when I was a baby. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Then that just left three. Two boys and one girl. Interviewer: And the two boys worked on the farm and then 703: Well uh they d- I I suppose they helped. Grandfather Bell 'til they broke up 'til they married Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: or went ou- and went out to teach just like Aunt Mary was teaching that was her name Aunt Mary. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Aunt Mary was teaching when she got sick and died and uh and uh father was teaching before he married and Uncle Johnson was teaching before he married. So you see they'd leave home and go off to these places to teach but I I suppose they I'm sure they they helped 'em as long as they were at home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And then as I said they had to break up housekeeping uh what we'd consider early in life but when they got to where they couldn't uh farm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: and do these things for themself why they had to break up housekeeping. Children were all married. Aunt Mary had died. And uh so they'd spend part of their time at my mother and father's part with Unc- Uncle Johnson part with Aunt Alice. That was the other sister. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And I I was always so glad when she'd come. I just loved her to death. My grandmother Belle was such a sweet person. And I well I was so glad when Papa'd come to town here to get a load of groceries or feed or something for the store and she'd come back with him out there and then that's first thing she'd do is start making that bread. Yeast bread. And I thought it was the best stuff in the world. Cause my mother always had so much to do 'til she just would never try to make yeast bread she made awfully good biscuits and cornbread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: She wouldn't tr- Interviewer: You didn't grow your own wheat for that bread #1 did you? # 703: #2 No no. # Never saw any wheat growing except when we went through Kansas. When we went out to west. Interviewer: When did you go out west? 703: Well now that's {X} let's see. We went out west for {X} my daughter and her husband {X} mother father even {X} What year was it? It must have been about nineteen hundred and fifty-six.{ For one day Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you just take a trip and 703: We sh- we were gone about a month. We went {X} picked up two of my husband's sisters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And from there we went to Colorado. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Went up Pike's Peak the next day. In a limousine. We wouldn't ride those old buggy things they had taking you up there we was afraid of 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 703: And he w- and the car was just real new he bought it just specially for this trip he wouldn't go off with a bad car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh an old car and uh so he wouldn't take his new car up there afraid it'd s- do something {D: dead} because Pike's Peak is the highest one out there in the west it's fifteen thousand feet high? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Well. Interviewer: Something like that. 703: Uh-huh. And uh then from there that's when we turned north and went to Yellowstone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And then he had cousins in Idaho that he'd never seen. And they had gone out there years before when and uh settled on that land out there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh so uh it was his his father's two sisters that made the trip out there from Missouri with their families and settled out there. Well they were dead but the cousins were there Interviewer: #1 don't ya see. # 703: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # And so we went to Yellowstone National Park and from there we went down into Idaho. To vi- Twin Falls Idaho. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And visited with those two different families. That one of 'em was one of grandpa Griffin's sisters. One of them was from that fam- one family and one from another family. But they were brothers {D:though}. I mean no they wasn't brothers. Cousins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And we visited both those homes and they had nice brick homes the both of them by that time. They said they {D:likely} starved dead when they first went out there. Because they just didn't know what how to grow things and no market for 'em. But during World War One they got rich. I forget how how much they did get for the potatoes and they grow them white potatoes Interviewer: Oh. 703: out there. And uh a lotta and they grow a lotta wheat and stuff out there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And then through Twin Falls Idaho then we went on down to and crossed into California. At the Golden Gate Bridge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: {D: Lost} on that and went down to California line and he had a niece living there and uh {X} Where the actors are. Sandy. Interviewer: San Diego? #1 San Francisco? # 703: #2 San- uh # Interviewer: Um Hollywood? 703: Ho- well they didn't call it Hollywood then. Interviewer: {D: San Angelos? Sa- uh Los Angeles?} 703: Los Angeles. Interviewer: Yeah. 703: Los Angeles. I knew she lived in Los Angeles. And so we went there. Stayed a few days. And from there then we cut across the country and come home another way. #1 Down by El Paso Texas na- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Did you go through New Mexico? 703: No we not that time. Interviewer: Oh. 703: But when we went to Arizona when my husband had that asthma the first time we drove out there and uh we went down by El Paso and stayed the night there and I have we had a friend there and I had got in a card in the letter from her this Christmas that I haven't answered yet. {NW} And uh they took us over into Old Mexico to eat. Interviewer: Ah. 703: So I have been into Old #1 Mexico. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 703: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Quite an experience [X} 703: Yes it was. Interviewer: Then um you came on back here you just stayed how long in 703: In Arizona? Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 {X} # 703: #2 At that time we went to Tucson Arizona. # And at that time uh my mother had a stroke. And they called for us to come back. Now now now now this is two different times. Cause my husband was real well when we made that trip and took his sisters all out there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And then uh but when we went down to El Paso and spent the night we were on our way to uh Tucson Arizona. Far as see if it help his asthma that he was having so badly. And uh we'd just gotten there good when they called us and said my mother had had a stroke. Well we called back and forth back and forth didn't know what to do we just had gotten there hadn't had time to see if it did any good it was in the summertime. Hot weather. And uh they said my mother couldn't live. And we talked about leaving Anne and my husband out there and me flying back here to be with her. And then just decided we'd just all drive back home which was an awful mistake. Cause he wasn't there long enough to see if it'd do his asthma any good. And it was a hot dry summer and it probably would've helped him a lot. And then we went back later and it was too late. We stayed there January February March out at Tucson and we went to a place called Well it was two miles elevation higher than Tucson proper. Can't recall the name of the place. I'd have to look up some of my history. Interviewer: {NW} 703: Got it all down but uh and uh anyway it didn't seem to do him any special good. Even if it was a health resort. There was no dust there. The streets were all just paved even right up to the yard. There was no distance like we have out here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: You know there was just just no dust it was the cleanest place I'd ever seen. And then the place we lived in was a mobile home. And that was most of what that was all that was up there. It was. Tuscon. Interviewer: Tape three. Listen to after tape two. 703: The first time or the second time? Interviewer: I don't care which is which time 703: Well the first time it was summer time. And it was hot and dry here and it was also hot out there in Tucson. And then that's the time that they called us and told us my mother had had a stroke. Was real bad in the hospital here. And we turned around and came back. We got out there Wednesday was back here Saturday I believe. Anyhow we just stayed there about twenty-four hours and turned around and come back home. And then the second time we went out there we flew out there right after Christmas the first of January and stayed January February and March. And it was such nice weather out there. And uh they said though it was an extra nice winter even for Tucson. No snow. {X} They were talking about there's not enough snow that winter up on in the mountains. Tucson's in a valley. And uh I've got where we I tried to tell ya and I couldn't. We were when we went out of Tucson proper we went to Tucson Estates. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And you can see the mountain there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh so that's why it's so nice and warm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And that's the mobile home and build around it so that you can't tell it was there but mobile home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh that's the way they were most of 'em. Especially people who owned 'em and lived there all the time. They'd build two of them on each side of the house and maybe cover 'em over with uh uh shingles. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 703: #2 With a # new roof up completely over Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: and maybe put a bedroom out on one side and a patio on the other side. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 703: #2 No. # And you and you couldn't and then they'd put dirt in the hitch for the mobile home. Just haul it around Interviewer: Uh-huh. 703: and put flowers in that. And you couldn't tell it was one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And it was this was the cleanest place that I was talking about I ever saw in my life. And uh so uh Interviewer: Did the weather help your husband? 703: No. He was so- it didn't. I think it would have if we had stayed out there the summer before. But he was dissatisfied. In the meantime he had been sick and had kidney poison here. And that sapped a lot of his strength. And he was so dissatisfied the whole time we were there 'til. I don't think it helped him any at all but everybody there say you have to stay here through one hot summer. He just was wanted to come home all the time. All the time he wanted to come home. He was so dissatisfied. So we stayed the three months and came home. It was so as I said they were having to put on the coolers out there. And uh part of the time in March humidity was never over ten or fifteen percent up here where we were. And just no dust or anything. Look like it been good for the asthma but he just didn't wanna stay. So w- I couldn't imagine it being such nasty weather back here in Arkansas. And so I agreed to come back with him. We flew out there that time and flew back. And uh we got back here it was nasty cold weather. Raining and all that. First thing I done was take bronchitis and I hadn't been sick one day out there. Well I tried to stay away from him slept away from him but I had to give him medicine and wait on him and get his food so he took it too. His went into pneumonia. We'd been home only about three or three and a half weeks when had to put him in the hospital for pneumonia and he stayed there about that long and passed away. Fifteenth day of May. We came home last month. Interviewer: Was he buried here? 703: Buried in Rose Long Memorial Cemetery down there. {NW} Interviewer: So you had the funeral a few days later? 703: Well the fifteenth of May you seen we come home last March he he lived through April 'til the middle of March. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And but he was in the hospital about three weeks. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 703: #2 Some of that # time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kind of uh weather do you have in Arkansas? 703: Well I guess considering the northern states and what I heard on television this morning on the Tod- Today program about the snow and all that they've had as far north as I mean south down as St. Louis and all up in there in those states where they've had six eight ten twelve inches of snow I guess we have uh good climate. Except its just lots of since it's rained a lot this winter uh and some days the humidity's a hundred percent. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But uh so but I couldn't live in that cold climate for nothing in the world. This is cold as all I can stand down here. Interviewer: {NW} 703: Some of my friends last winter got and said why don't you go back where it's warm? And you won't have that bronchitis I said I can't go back out there by myself. Only one friend that I know I can remember out there. And now she's married again. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 703: #2 She lost her husband # after my husband passed away and she's married again now. I said I can't go back out there by myself. I'm just too big a carrot I reckon. I said well I'd go if it were me. I just can't get away from my family I reckon that far. If I had if Anne would go out there and work I uh you know. I'd be gl- I'd be glad to go but just go out there by myself I I just can't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But the rains here uh. What do you call the little rains that you have in the springtime? 703: Sometimes we have just showers and sometimes we just have pour-downs. Big rains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And have had since this winter since back earlier in the Fall. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But not as bad as it was last winter. But last year it was this year yet it is uh record for tornadoes all over the United States. Said it just never had been as many tornadoes in every state of the Union as there was. And Arkansas come out one of the lightest but then they had one they had some but as far as killing people it didn't kill 'em like it did in other places. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Destroyed property more. Interviewer: Uh the rains the that have thunder and lightning what do you call those? 703: Well on TV they's call 'em thunderstorms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And that's what you call 'em here in Arkansas? 703: Thar- thunderstorms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you have um any low-lying clouds that come in and get up in the morning and you can't see very far? 703: Not clouds. We s- we've had some fog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Said you couldn't see very far. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Several mornings get up and it'd be so foggy you couldn't see very far out in the woods he- or anything or back that way but it wouldn't last long. Usually the sun'd come out and it'd g- it'd go away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um what do you call a rain that would just barely get the ground wet just enough to just 703: Just call that a shower. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then {NW} and then yeah when you were a child and you wanted rain for the crops what would you call that rain that finally came? 703: Well if it were a shower we my father'd say well we didn't have enough rain to do much good. If we had a good rain he'd be proud if it was needed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But uh I remember one fall that just like last fall it commence raining so early. Til uh I couldn't get the cotton out of the fields when it let up some I mean it was a it just sc- they just gathered bowls and all And so he ha- my father had a gin {D: he went and bought uh what they call a hullard gin.} That would take those hulls that goes around that bowl of cotton and they hauled cotton to his gin even way back in those days over the bad roads. From down south of Rising and everywhere. To get their cotton where they could get anything at all for it because with it had rained 'til the bowls or hulls now were rotten and that's the only way they could get it just get the whole bowl. {D: And uh so uh by him buying that hullard gin why} it would take that out and they they'd bring 'em from miles and miles around to get 'em ginned. Interviewer: You ever get any of the insects in it? Any insects ever get in? 703: In the cotton? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Yes way back there they had what they call a bowl-worm. They ca- it came in from Texas. Not when I first can remember did we have any but in Texas got infested and it come on up into {B} Interviewer: What are some of the little animals that live uh in this part of the country? What are some of them that you have in your yards? {X} 703: Well, I don't have any except little birds around me now. #1 Uh back in # Interviewer: #2 What kind of birds do you have? # 703: Well I've seen uh cardinals or red birds mockingbirds jaybirds sparrows and what we call the black birds it's got another they have another name. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: #1 And uh ha- and little wrens. # Interviewer: #2 Do you mean those that peck on wood? # 703: Uh-huh. Let's see uh. Woodpeckers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Redhead woodpeckers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh do you have any little animals that gather nuts? 703: Well uh we have squirrels. And winter before last we had two little squirrels that would come in our woods back there and play back there on the patio and they'd come in from the tree back that big tree back in the corner of the yard. And they'd jump from the limbs over onto these two trees which you can see through the Christmas tree there and uh then they'd come on down on the ground and eat the acorns. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh they'd do that nearly every day and I'd see 'em they'd play around there and play around there. If something scared 'em up the tree they'd go. And uh my neighbor up cr- north of me here Miss she lay in bed in bed one morning and saw 'em playing all over the top of my house. Interviewer: {NW} 703: Well, I guess these boys around here I guess killed 'em because they never came back. With me just that one winter. Then this last winter I saw one just one time. But there's so many teenage boys around and they go hunting it doesn't matter to them whether it's in season or out of season. Why they'll kill 'em. Interviewer: What do they hunt around here? 703: They hunt the squirrels and rabbits. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Anything else? 703: And then well in season there's two seasons for deer-killing Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: in the fall. But there's no I've never seen a deer up here though I've I've heard others say that uh I believe my grandson said he saw one back there in his pasture. So they do scatter out of the reserves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But I don't think I've ever seen one around here. Interviewer: What about those uh other little animals that eat the nuts with the stripes on their back? Those little tiny ones? Uh 703: Skunk? Interviewer: Yeah but the the one that uh eats the nuts the little uh uh the little tiny ones with the stripes down their back. 703: Well that's all I #1 know is the skunk. Has white stripes down # Interviewer: #2 Look kinda look kinda look kinda like a squirrel except they uh # they're smaller. 703: Smaller than a squirrel? Interviewer: Yeah those little things that they're brown and uh have little black stripes down their back little tiny things. 703: I don't know I never saw one of those. I don't know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Um. 703: Can you name him? Interviewer: I'm tryna think of it now. Um. Chipmunk isn't it? 703: Well uh if we have any of those I don't know. I saw them when we went out west. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But if we have any Interviewer: They don't live around here. 703: They don't. Interviewer: What about the uh the animal with the long tail? That the ugly animal. Um. I think Clara said she saw one in her gard- garden recently uh Thing that uh carries the babies underneath it and uh you see it at night. Crossing the road. 703: Kangaroo? Interviewer: Yeah uh yeah it has a pouch but it's not the ka- uh. 703: Oh it's possum. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. You got those around here? 703: Yes. They're back in the woods I don't know whether there's any back in my acreage back there or not but they live in the woods and they don't come up around my house if they do it's at night and I don't #1 know it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: I've never seen one in my yard. Interviewer: Did you ever eat one? 703: #1 Never did. My mother # Interviewer: #2 Are they good? # 703: wouldn't cook 'em Interviewer: Oh. What did you uh what did you kill and eat? 703: Well my father would kill squirrels and we'd eat them and I still eat squirrel. I've got some squirrel in the deep fridge my neighbor over here give me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: {NW} She give me three great big fox squirrels. And uh Anne and I ate some of them while she was here and then uh put the rest of them out in the freezer cause knew we wouldn't eat 'em Christmas day. Or Christmas Eve either. And uh so they're still out there. I had thought about that uh if you were gonna eat with me I'd get some out earlier this morning cook it but I didn't get it out and so he brought some. Interviewer: {X} It would be kinda interesting it's been a long time since I had any. 703: Now my granddaughter Donna wouldn't touch a squirrel for nothing as far as eating it because {NW} in the city the- it's against the law to kill 'em. And they play around in people's yards just like pets you know. And uh they watch 'em bury their little get something and they'll take it out there and scratch and bury it like this. Even a piece of bread like and I don't think they ever do go back but that's what the old saying is they're burying them for wintertime. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But I I never saw one go back and scratch it up and eat it after they buried it. But uh le- so uh on that account Donna wouldn't eat a squirrel for nothing but I was raised to eat the wild squirrels that's killed out in the woods. And I and uh these are killed out in the woods that my neigh- neighbor gave me. Not around here and uh so I eat 'em and enjoy 'em and Anne did too. They don't have a lot of fat on 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And the coon. The raccoon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Now uh my mother cooked it one of them those one time. But I don't think I tasted it. But they say they are good. If they're baked. F- fixed just right. But she wouldn't cook a po- opossum is the right name #1 for 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: Because uh they eat dead stuff. Dead meat and tha-. And she wouldn't cook 'em at all. But uh o- uh raccoon is a very clean animal. If it catches a fish to eat it'll take it to the stream and wash it before it eats it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: It wash it again even though it got it out of the little stream somewhere. Interviewer: {NW} 703: And doesn't eat the kind of food that possums do. Interviewer: What other uh meats did you eat that you uh raised on your farm as a child? 703: Just beef and pork and chicken. Interviewer: And um which uh which of the animals did you like of the uh chicken? Did you like the hens or the roosters or what did you eat? 703: Papa wouldn't let mama kill a rooster after it got grown or anything like that. He wouldn't eat it at all. So uh if mama wanted to make chicken and dressing she'd uh put up a hen. Those days they ran out. She had a chicken yard and a chicken house for 'em but they ran out on the ground. And uh if they weren't fat enough why she'd put 'em in a special place and fatten 'em 'til they were real fat and then she'd kill this hen but it had to be a young hen. She didn't want one raised that year not over a year #1 old # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: She wouldn't kill an old hen. For herself even. And uh Papa wouldn't eat a rooster. After it got past frying size stage he said they weren't fit to eat. Interviewer: What about a um uh a cow? Which uh which animals did you eat? Which ones the uh the cattle. 703: Oh it it'd be a young well i- it wouldn't maybe it wouldn't be uh what you call just a calf but it would be young just few months old. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: When they'd kill it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you said you had the cows for milk. 703: Milk and butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And then uh did you have any bulls? 703: Oh yes Papa always kept one at least. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then um 703: Eh I can remember when uh his cows and hogs both he had hogs in {D: Derrisaw Creek bottom.} And uh to keep 'em from going wild and keep people from stealing his why he'd {NW} ride this little mule they call Kate down and he put some corn in a sack throw it over the little mule and ride go down into the bottom and call up his hogs. Feed 'em and the pigs he'd mark 'em and he'd catch 'em and mark 'em in his mark. And the cows they just go down to the bottom and when they were dry not giving milk and he he had a whole herd of cattle. He didn't just keep one or two you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Our male cows we had we did have sometimes male three or four. And more milk than you knew what to do with. But uh and mama feed the clabber when it'd clabber to the chicken. But uh uh the cows. Papa had what he'd always pick out what he'd call the bell cow. And he'd put a big o- one of these big ol' copper bells around his neck. So that he could always tell and when they when they were coming home. Or when he went to the woods he could find them that way. And went back down into the bottom. And when he'd come up would be come in a bad spell. Why you'd see him coming up the lane with the bell cow and a lead with that bell just a ringing. And coming back home for feed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Get out of that bad weather. Interviewer: Did he bring the hogs up too? 703: No. No they just stayed there they just they'd make them a bed in leaves and things and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: stayed there. Interviewer: Yeah what which of the hogs did you eat? 703: Well for his own purposes he uh would keep raise some there at home and keep there at home and put 'em up and fatten 'em on corn. He thought they had to be so fat they weren't fit to eat. If they were and he wanted corn-fed meat but later on in his life after he'd quit farming and uh why and mostly sold meat here he sold meat to this A and eh M A M and N college out here for years. Dressed cows or hogs and sometimes he'd raise a lot of sweet potatoes and that'd make dry meat if he turned the hogs in on the sweet potatoes. And if uh sometimes he'd raise a lot of peanuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Turn 'em in on that. Gather what we wanted for our own use. And then turn them in and that'd make that kind of meat we were talking about Sunday. uh that th- all uh grease'd just drip out of 'em when they'd hang 'em up to smoke 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: The grease would just drip out. But if it potatoes it'd be dry. Really #1 the # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 703: best tasting was the peanuts. Raised on peanuts. Even if it the uh fat did drip out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Which one did you eat the sow or the castrated one or the bull or which one did #1 you eat? # 703: #2 Oh! # My father had to have the best he wouldn't have eaten an old sow heart or boar for nothing. They had to be you- young and uh and had to be of the female variety. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh or else the castrated Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: kind. Uh the male. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And as I said for our own use he'd put 'em up fatten 'em on corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then which ones did he sell to market? 703: Well he'd go down my father was quite a businessman. And uh at one time he owned sixteen hundred acres of land out there. And uh he'd go down maybe on Christmas Eve Day or Christmas Day. That used to just worry me so. Of course we know there's nothing in the Bible that says about Christmas what we call Christmas Day here really being Jesus' birthday. There's not a word said in the Bible about we're not told to keep Jesus' birthday we're told to keep hi- i- remember him in his death you know. And uh {NW} so uh maybe Christmas Day he'd go down in the bottom and he'd ki- {NW} kill a bunch of hogs. He had this little mule that he'd ride it was so gentle. And even if the waters was up across the creek why she'd uh swim across and he'd maybe kill the hogs in the other side of the creek and attach 'em to her some way with a I don't remember just how and she'd swim back across the creek with that hog tied behind behind her. And he'd get a bunch of them killed that way in one place. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 703: #2 It always'd # be cold weather where they wouldn't spoil. And uh then he'd take wagon down there and pick 'em up. Bring 'em home and and get 'em ready for the market. And he'd leave early the next morning for Pine Bluff. And one time when I got big enough to really it did provoke me for him to do that. I wanted us to have a good time on Christmas Day. At least and uh we always did have a Christmas dinner alright. And uh but uh I ask him why he said well he said because the merchants up here would be sold out of meat by Chri- by Christmas Day before Christmas they'd be sold out and they'd be needing meat just as soon as he could get there with it the day after Christmas. And he'd get a better price for it. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. Oh he's pretty smart. 703: That's what I said my father was was smart. Smart businessman. Interviewer: Did you ever uh ri- ride in the buggy and uh uh-huh I don't know how to say it make the horses go and anything? 703: I've driven uh a single horse buggy and I've driven Papa sometimes'd have a buggy with just took one horse to it and then uh had what'd call a surrey with two horses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And I've driven both of 'em. And I've ridden the horses just where I had to go. I didn't ride 'em for fun like they do now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But other if I were longed to go somewhere three or four miles like my friend when I was going to high school at Rising and she's come home with me a lot of weekends. And uh knew I wasn't going to see my husband-to-be that Sunday because uh he was going over to Kingsland to see his folks and on some business over there that day and he'd told me he wouldn't be there. So she suggested that we ride over {B} a Methodist Church. He was Methodist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And we must not been having services out there at the church or maybe we went to the services in the morning and then went over to Mount where they were having preaching in the afternoon and because we did not eat dinner over there. That's been a long time ago but uh uh we did ride. {D: And I'd always ridden side-saddle and Monteen} that was my friend said oh come on let's ride stride. She had though she lived in Rising and they didn't have any horses but they ha- she had two aunts her mother's sisters that {B} one lived over {B} close to Kingsland it was a big farm and one lived down below Rising and uh and uh on a farm. And she'd been ou- in the summertime when she wasn't in school why she'd go stay with and visit them and ride horses and I guess she'd ridden horses for pleasure more than I had cause it really wasn't any pleasure to me but she say come on let's let's go over to Mount Karma. And uh so and I was gonna get on side-saddle she said oh no said let's ride stride. Well I never had in my life done that. And uh so {NW} Monday morning I was so sore I couldn't hardly walk. {NW} And she was she just in good good spi- spirits and healthy she I mean she wasn't she's used to it see and I wasn't. {D: And uh ones that rode uh regular had what they called a habbock.} Be a maybe a black skirt to go over their clothes to keep any horse hair from getting on their clothes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh did you saddle your own horses and everything? 703: Never did. I always had a brother or my daddy. Interviewer: Uh what do #1 you call a # 703: #2 I never knew how to hook one up to the buggy. # Interviewer: Yeah that's what I was gonna say #1 like what do you call those # 703: #2 Though my husband and I courted # with a hor- horse and buggy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: I have a picture in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But uh uh still I never knew how to hook one up. When I wanted to go somewhere I'd have to get my father or one of my brothers to. {NW} Interviewer: How'd you make 'em go. How'd you make the buggy go? 703: The buggy? Interviewer: Yeah. 703: Well all you had to do is just hold the lines and if they didn't and if you wanted them to walk why they'd walk if you wanted to go a little faster just kind of give 'em a little lick down with the lines and they'd go faster. Interviewer: What'd you say to 'em? 703: Get up. Interviewer: And what'd you say when you wanted them to stop? 703: Whoa. Interviewer: And uh did you ever use a whip? 703: #1 Never. Never. Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 Anything like that? You didn't have a whip or anything did you? # 703: No. Interviewer: So um 703: Even Papa didn't have use a whip on 'em. Interviewer: No. {X} 703: And my husband when he was sawmilling there close to where we lived where we married. Why he had about twelve or fourteen big mules. To haul the logs out of the woods. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And haul the lumber to Rising for shipping. And uh he wouldn't he said that he always told 'em not to take any whip not to take whip to his mules. The men that were working for him. And he said he went to the woods one day and he found one a man that hadn't been working for him very long and he had a whip and he one of them was kind of a balky he what they they'd stop you know and wouldn't pull their side of the #1 wag- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: their weight in other words. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And he was whipping him to make him do it. He said he told him said uh now that will ruin any mule in the world said they'll all get to where they'll just balk and won't do anything right. And uh said uh uh said you're fired. Said uh nobody's gonna whip my mules. Interviewer: Mm. 703: Well that i- is o- one of them great ol' long whips that they Twist it together some way or or plait it #1 or something. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 703: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um tell me about how y- um grandpa used to get you to go to school. When you didn't want to go. 703: You mean tha- when I went to the elementary school? Interviewer: #1 I guess. # 703: #2 At the Y? # Interviewer: I guess. 703: I always wanted to go to school. Ah they didn't have enough money I suppose Pa- my father was nearly always one of the uh what you call 'em? Directors there in school. And so but I guess they didn't have enough money that summer to uh pay for uh for it out of the public funds. So we had what they called uh {X} {NW} Interviewer: What tuition or something? 703: Yeah. Yeah we paid tuition. That's not the right name for it but every child that went paid so much a month. And uh this man that was teaching this school it wasn't a free school. Tha- that's what they're called when they had the tui- had the money to run 'em. And then this was uh anyhow where you had to pay your own tuition to get to go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh my sister that was not quite two years older than me she was old enough to go to school but she was scared. To walk that and it wasn't all that far. Not over half a mile if that far and quarter mile we cut across the field. Uh but uh so my grandfather Bell would walk with her to school every morning and go back and meet her in the afternoon. And they go- got a scare out about uh they called 'em mad dog in those days. Hydrophobia. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Going around among the dogs. And uh so she s- really didn't want to go by herself. And my grandfather was getting tired. He was old and getting tired of doing that little chore. Nothing more. So I'd been saying oo when I get five years old when my birthday comes I'm gonna start to school. That was the legal limit age then in those days. And uh so one morning I got up to leave grandpa that chore of going with my sister Bertha. Why Papa told me sh- he said Mildred this is your birthday. I just run around there and got ready to go to school and just tickled to death you know. Cause I'd said I'm gonna start school when I'm five years old. And uh of course the teacher didn't care. Y- I Even if they'd have brought babies almost because the more he got the more money he made. Interviewer: Is that right? 703: Yes because see more more students he had or more children he had well the more money he made because as I said it was so much a month for each one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh so uh then when my birthday came Papa I guess he knew he'd told me a story and to make it right he told me said well Mildred this is really your birthday which is the thirteenth of December and I guess I'd started about the first of December. And uh I got all mad about it and I said well I'm never going to school again. You told me a story and I'm not ever going to school again. And I just about likely got a whipping. {NW} Til I did go to school. And I liked my teacher so much. I was so young. And not so very big 'til he'd take me up on his lap. And taught me the ABC's. Interviewer: {NW} 703: And I just thought he was the grandest thing. And it wasn't uh oh too he was doing that to make money to make a lawyer. Or a doctor I can't remember which. One or the other. For himself. Trying to get all the money he could to go to school and I believe it was a lawyer but it could've been a doctor. Cause he had a brother that made a lawyer. Well it wasn't too long maybe a year or two doesn't seem like it was that long so I can't really remember I was so young 'til he died with pneumonia. And I know it just hurt me so bad that Mister Fairly He was Mister Fairly {B} lived there in the community's family bed. A big family of boys about six seven eight boys and one girl. The and the girl is only one that's living she's living here in Pine Bluff now. And she married my third cousin. We talk over the phone just quite often and she try makes me try promise to come up. Come by to there cause she's a widow woman now and uh but looks like I never get there very often around to see her. And uh but uh then I went on from then on I just went on then when they had the free schools. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: So much in the winter. Four four and a half months in the winter and two or two and a half in the summer. And uh ther- there were mostly four and two see the other would've made seven months but we had no holidays back in those times at all. Not even uh if Christmas came on Saturday if Christmas Day came on Saturday or Sunday we didn't get any day at all off. Because they didn't teach those days anyway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Ah but uh if it came during the week we'd get Christmas Day off. And that's all and not until I went to high school at Rising did I know what it was to get Thanksgiving Day off. Interviewer: Hmm. You were mentioning some of the um diseases and things that people had that they died from. What were some more of the diseases that people died from back then? That they didn't have cures for. You said pneumonia and uh 703: Pneumonia was very bad because they didn't know too much about it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh let's see measles killed quite a few. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: They take pneumonia with them and kill them. Interviewer: What about that one that makes you turn yellow? 703: Uh. Jaundice? Interviewer: Yeah I guess it is. 703: I never saw anybody of heard of anybody with yello- jaundice. But in one of the tenant houses there they had this young man staying that he had yellow fever they called it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And they said he turned real yellow. But I didn't see him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: But uh Interviewer: What about those that we 703: Typhoid. Interviewer: Yeah what about the ones we get the vaccinations for the uh 703: Smallpox. Interviewer: Uh-huh and then uh 703: And then they had chicken pox which wasn't so bad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: That is if they took care of it {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: And uh but smallpox was real bad. And and they did have the vaccination for the smallpox Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Back when I was still at home. And a tramp came through the country and stayed all well stayed all night With uh Papa's first cousin Henry Daniel. And his wife and two children. And said they noticed up above his hat band. That there were some blisters sores like but didn't think much about it. And then in about well the time that it takes to take take it why uh cousin Henry had the smallpox. Took down with the smallpox. Interviewer: Mm. 703: And my father had been to visit him they were real good friends as well as relatives. And he'd been to visit him that day. And it he my father was never so awfully strong in tho- back in his early days. He ha- he was really got stronger well he had a lot of uh sinus and cata- what they call catarrh. A fever back in those days. And uh so well it really did uh excite my mother about him being exposed to that smallpox. So they went and got him vaccinated. Right away. But it didn't kill our cousin Henry Da- he was awfully sick but it didn't kill him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: Like it does sometimes. I've heard my husband talk about oh Interviewer: Tape three tape four listen to after tape three tape four listen to after tape three okay we Okay we start back in uh oh I know what I was going to ask what type of operations that you've had and uh for what 703: Well I was I was Telling you about this rage of small pox over in Kingsland. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And they had a black District or negro district Out to itself At the edge of Kingsland And uh then they had the The white people lived in Another part of town you know But my husband Was working at this big drone mill {NS} That I told you about yesterday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Just a Young man About eighteen years old or something like that {NS} Well he worked with a A negro {NS} That day at the planting mill And That night he took the small pox and the next day he was dead. Interviewer: Hmm 703: So He went and got tried to be vaccinated Wouldn't take he was so healthy {NS} And strong he was vaccinated about three times he said it wouldn't take {NW} Said the last time the doctor just scratched his arm until it bled and he said now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: If this doesn't take {NW} You're just immune from it that's all it didn't ever take on him but he never did take the small pox either. {NS} Husband said that {NW} That they put white men out there {NS} To watch {NS} They wouldn't even let a cat come out of that nigger district without they shoot it and kill it Or a rat or anything They was afraid it'd bring the germs over and the white people would get it So by doing that they the white people didn't uh Ever get it not anyone {NW} But being careful They'd take food there to that certain line And Some negro that was well would come pick up the food. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: {NW} And uh {NS} But they kept that watch That line to keep the cats Anything they'd shoot them If they saw one coming or across And uh By doing that the white people never did but the niggers just died It seemed to kill them worse than it did white people anyway {NW} Just lots of them died. Now then go back to what. Interviewer: Oh yeah I was going to ask you about um what operations you had had and what uh had had bothered other people as far as illnesses and things too 703: Well I've had two major surgeries When I was young I had a Surgery for uh Appendix bad appendix And uh An ovary Removed on the other side And uh Then When I was fifty years old I had uh {X} Took out and. Interviewer: That's all right I was just wanting to 703: Another major sur- #1 Gery # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: When I had Had the uterus and everything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm um 703: And that's the major surgeries I've had one or two minor but Interviewer: Okay um skipping around a little bit can you tell me about some of the parties that you went to as a child things that you did 703: Well I didn't go to any dances because my mother wouldn't let me But she'd let us go to What they called in those times play parties and And uh Oh just where they played games. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And I went to one what they called pound supper Where everybody'd bring a pound of something {NW} To eat. Interviewer: {NW} 703: And uh They'd uh Had just kerosene lamps And {NS} So Boy and girl and Walk around they'd all get out and walk around the house And they'd they'd have big cake one big cake {NW} And uh {NS} They'd take that cake And You'd walk around the house And you'd hold it as long as they'd let you and then you'd have to {NW} Hand it on to the next couple and the next couple around the house. Interviewer: {NW} 703: And then when they'd shoot a gun or something And the one that was holding the cake When that went off they got to Keep the cake. Interviewer: {NW} 703: And oh yeah entertainments they had what they called entertainments that's where they just played. {NW} A little games uh Of various kinds that uh But uh {NS} She wouldn't even let us go to any Any form of dancing Not even the kind where they didn't have music Where they just had what they called The play parties. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Uh Before I got married I did go to two or three of them But uh Interviewer: What kind of music did what were the instruments what did they use 703: Oh Violin and guitar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: #1 For that # Interviewer: #2 Piano # 703: No They didn't well in the country out there have a piano. Interviewer: Do you play 703: There there was one man My sister's I mean my brother's wife Her father and mother had a player piano. Interviewer: Mm-hmm but you said you played the you learned how to play the piano 703: Uh-huh But they only had the organ at home so I I couldn't Play all the pieces that I had Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Learned Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: But {NW} I could play uh Religious music on the organ. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And mama {NS} Every once in a while that's the only kind of music we had in the home Later on in life they had the for big Radio I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: But not Early There wasn't anything Mama would ask me say Mildred go in there and And play some songs play. Said I want to hear you play {NS} And I would. Because I could play those on the organ without They had plenty of octaves for that but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: But not for all the music that I Took the lessons for for the piano. Interviewer: Did you uh ever go to any of these candy pullings or anything like that 703: Never did my husband said he did but we didn't have any never had any out there I didn't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And my mother never would let My sister or I {NS} Well or Velma Would come to live with us after my older sister passed away when we got older. {NW} She wouldn't let us go by ourselves anywhere. Either one of the brothers had to go along or somebody Some man had to go along at night. When we went Because we walked mostly In the summer time to those things {NS} And Maybe The brother That's next to me Would Go With us But he was young and he didn't like to go too much Then when my husband and I started dating Why Velma'd go with us In the buggy He had a Pretty horse and buggy And she'd go with us And uh the boy that she finally married. {NS} He didn't have anything he was just a farm boy And uh {NW} So he {NW} He'd meet her there and then he'd walk her home Or walk her back to the buggy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And just be with her At the Party or entertainment And at that time We only had Church Or that is preaching About once a month because there wasn't any preacher who lived In the community. And it was hard to get someone from Camden I think this man Came from Camden up there once a month. Part of the time and preach {NW} Then we'd hold they'd have our bible service in summer time for a week or Or more But uh And uh But we'd meet together at the church just the same. {NS} Some Sometimes they'd set set it in the morning Then they decided to change it in the afternoon maybe it'd be the time of year And uh We'd meet and sing and pray and And have a bible lesson. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Whether we had a preacher or not And we'd take the Lord's supper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm when you were uh courting what were some of the names of things that you called it besides courting 703: Well having dates Interviewer: Were there any funny names that you called it 703: Can't remember any Interviewer: Um if you were uh 703: I didn't really call it courting I do now. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: But I just say that I have a date For this afternoon {NW} And my husband {NW} To be Had this horse and buggy I said {NW} And he'd come after me a lot of times on Friday afternoon {NW} See he'd shift lumber from Rison Arkansas. By the car load He had a Man that looked after it Uh {NW} And all. #1 But uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 703: Still He he was down there too quite often And Sometimes he'd come down there on business and then he'd come {NW} Around and pick me up after school And Take me home And then sometimes {NW} It's what he had to do on Monday But if he needed to go back uh Go To {NW} To Rison on Monday On business Why we'd wait to Get up and get up Kind of early And he'd take me back to school on Monday morning But now sometimes he'd take me back Sunday afternoon. With his horse and buggy And uh Come Christmas time one time and he had gone home To see his people {NW} His Mother Sisters his father had been dead I never saw his father Since nineteen nine And uh Then he'd gone on down to Magnolia where he worked down there and boarded with these people He'd had an invitation from this girl that he'd dated down there To come down there and eat Christmas dinner with them . {NW} Um I I missed him so much In fact It he I thought he was kind of peeved at me And uh Because I hadn't seen him since first of December and that was When he brought me home And you know those By that time how short the days were getting And it'd be after dark when we'd get home Especially on those bad roads And uh {NS} I really didn't think my Husband to be Was uh serious He was older than me And I just thought that uh I'd call it flirting. I just thought that he was just going with me to Be going and flirting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: When he'd tell me he loved me I didn't believe him And that night When he quit when I didn't see him from December until Between Christmas and the {NS} New Year's See we'd get off a week when I went to Rison high school we'd get off just one week for Christmas And uh We'd gone around Another way Because the roads were so bad either way you went And uh This {NW} Man that lived on papa's place had told him to come around Another road that was better Well he knew it But my husband had to be had never been on that road And it got dark so quick he couldn't Even see how to keep the horse in the road And he got out and later And we got lost in that old bottle And uh He had on his best some of his best shoes And through that mud and everything And He didn't say anything Scarcely Until we got inside of home we could see the lights Our home was up on a hill {NW} And as we were going up that hill he reached over and took my hand And I said Uh Let my hand alone will you please He said I thought that uh {NW} Your hand was my hand and your hand was Mine you'd be you were mine I said well that's news to me I hadn't heard that Kind of sarcastic like And I didn't see him anymore then Until After Christmas That's why then I had to come home by myself {NW} {X} Was teaching out there Now this is a repeat at at at my father's and mother's And they told him That he could take the horse and buggy And go home of course he wanted to go home for Christmas And I wanted to get back home for Christmas And He said uh It took him eight hours No it took him four hours To go that eight miles. Interviewer: Hmm 703: The roads were so bad And uh Said as he started to leave said my father said Go pick up Said I had to go by and pick up Miss {B} She'd She was the uh {X} And uh Said I imagine she'd like to go home for Christmas too Frank said if papa hadn't said that he'd guessed he'd never thought about Miss {B} But it took him until After dark to get in there that night And Then I was to take the horse and buggy and start back home the next morning over those roads And Because as I said my husband to be had gone to Kingsland He said that he didn't have nothing to do {NW} He he never did say he was peeved but I know he was because he {NW} He said that Well That he had tried to tell me he loved me And that I would never respond to it And I Cut him off something like that and said he had decided that That if I loved him Really cared anything for him Why that I would uh write and ask him or didn't touch him in some way and ask him to come back To see me And which I did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And uh If I didn't why then He I really didn't care anything about him and he was just wasting his time and he just left Quit coming to see me And But I I was so stubborn I wouldn't have written a letter if it hadn't have been for my mother and I told her what I said to him about my hand She said why Mildred Said No wonder He's not coming to see you said Any man would get Mad or wouldn't like a thing like that anybody would And that was something for my mother to say as strict as she was on us girls. But uh {NW} And they and she {NW} Her and papa both asked me to write that letter I wouldn't have written. I just wrote a little note down there Put it in the mail And Then he sent One of his men that worked at the mill Up on on a horse we called Dutch {NS} And uh With a note and said I'll be up there in a night That's how anxious he was to get back to see me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And uh So {NS} From then on then we never had anymore trouble. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: {NW} I mean he never stopped coming to see me anymore {NS} And uh {NS} We got engaged We'd gone together {NS} Or dated On Easter Sunday March the twenty-eighth And we got engaged In April The next year And married in June the next year. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever have any terms that you called kissing other than just kissing some funny terms or anything 703: He went with me thirteen months before he ever kissed got to kiss me one time I would not let him. Put his hands about me I wouldn't let him even hold my hand See that's what That was about he reached over Took my hand when we got inside the Where we could see the lights there at home {NS} And uh I wouldn't let him hold my hand or anything. When he'd go to take me out of the buggy {NW} Course I He There was just one step And It's hard to get out by yourself but you can you can do it but {NW} He'd always reach up and take me And he'd put his arms around me and he'd squeeze me then And I'd make out like it I I didn't know what he was doing Because I had to get out of the buggy. {NW} Interviewer: Well did you have any uh funny terms for kissing other than just kissing 703: I started to say then Uh We'd been to a funeral And he'd ridden Old Dutch And I'd ridden a horse down there {NS} To the cemetery To a funeral it was on Saturday afternoon I I come at home you see And uh So uh Wasn't any of the other pe- papa or mama any of them going So I just uh Mama'd let me go anywhere like that in day time. She'd let me go see sick folks or anything even let me go into pneumonia it's a wonder I had my But I was so healthy in those days {NW} And uh So uh I rode the horse down there and He rode Dutch down to to the funeral And uh So Then when we started back Why he uh He rode back with me all the way There on home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And we went in the {NS} Living room What we called Living room And Were standing up in front of the mirror there just standing there Where there was a dresser As I told you we just didn't really have a living room just a ni- {NW} Refers to the nice bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Fixed up bed And with the lace curtains and things that they had in those days And uh Interviewer: What'd you keep your clothes in 703: Mama had a special place back there in one of those rooms that she'd put them. Interviewer: You didn't have closets did you 703: No not at that time Interviewer: So what did you what did you keep them in 703: {NW} Just a little uh kind of a side room built on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: So we were standing in there in front of that mirror {NS} Talking {NS} Just Because he knew he wasn't going to stay long he didn't even sit down. Because He was {NS} It was in March or somewhere along there And uh He reached over Commenced to And put his hand that way and commenced to try Pull me over towards him and my face over towards him I pull back I pull back Finally he He was stronger than me and I reckon I weakened some too And he pulled me up and he kissed me on the cheek I said now you've done enough dirt go on home. You go home {NS} And he laughed And said no I'm not going home until you give me a good kiss And on the lips I said well you'll be here a long time then Because I don't intend to let you kiss me on my lips No You've got I've said you've done enough dirt You got all the kiss you're going to get But he just stood there and laughed and didn't seem to make him mad {NW} Until finally I let him kiss me on the lips and we had been going together thirteen months. Dating But it was just a little smack it wasn't One of those Big loving kisses But that satisfied him for the time being because that's the closest as he got to my Face. Interviewer: Yeah 703: After that I let him hold my hand Wasn't quite so. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 703: {NW} And Then we were going to school on Monday morning he was taking me to school And he said you know why I quit coming to see you About those three {NW} Sundays I said no I Because when he came back I asked him I said did I make you mad are you mad About anything No No he wasn't mad at anything No {NW} And he brought me The first present he had ever given me A pretty {X} And With real pearls around it It's the daintiest little thing And Mildred Dean wore it at her wedding And I wore it at my at our golden wedding And uh That was just before he started to leave that night He pulled it out of his pocket And before he had gone to Kingsland and on to Magnolia that Sunday he'd gone Got on a train and come to Pine Bluff Get me that present And he got a box of candy for the girl that he had Had invited him to come down there and eat Christmas dinner with him And he So I was trying to Put it around my neck And he said here let me fasten it back here And I let him fasten it because it was such a dainty little thin chain it was {NS} At least as small as that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And uh So I never At that time I was so happy about him coming back I knew he would have Going to come back Or he wouldn't have Spent that money on me wouldn't have had that present for me And it made me so happy because I really did love him but I just Didn't think that I thought he as I said just Flirting with me because he had gone with a lot of girls you know he was older than me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And hadn't married him yet And uh {NW} So uh After I was married I told him after we were married I told him that uh I said I wanted to kiss you on the cheek that night for that Pretty Present you brought me He said I wish I'd have known that you'd really got one good kissing. Interviewer: {NW} 703: But said I was afraid to try it {NS} And I wouldn't do it I {NW} Even though I wanted to I didn't. Interviewer: {NW} 703: Then we went together about thirteen dated about thirteen months more and got married. {NS} Interviewer: When you moved into your house did you 703: And then the next time the about a month's time there was another funeral There in the community On on Saturday And I was home And that time He took the horse and buggy Down there I rode the horse And he He took the horse and buggy Because He thought that I might since I had been at the other one And he got one of the hands that worked for papa To to ride my horse back home And he took me and the buggy back home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh when you moved into your first home how did you furnish it 703: Well We just lived at the mill where he Owned it Owned part part of it he and E R Buster Of Kingsland. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Were a partnerships {NS} And it was just a {NS} Three room house we had a bedroom A dining room and a kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: {NS} And we had an extra bedroom in the dining room the rooms were Large And uh We had an extra bed in there for company. {NS} In the dining And we had nice furniture {NS} For those days Great big round oak table and A dining that would make uh Had so many leaves it would make {X} Good size table {NS} I've always hate Hated I got rid of it it was solid oak. Interviewer: Mm-hmm did you have something to keep your dishes in 703: Yes had a had a cabinet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Which was something most people didn't have Interviewer: Did you have um what'd you have in your living room 703: In the bed we Interviewer: Bedroom 703: {NW} Just had a Nice bed {NS} I got a piece of the table after yonder {NW} I kept it out on the front porch oh that it ruined it I shouldn't have done it. It was a pretty round table We set it in the middle of the room and put the lamp on it {NW} And uh Interviewer: Did you have anything like this 703: No We just had a bed Nice bed And a nice dresser with a Mirror that Uh you Full length that you could see yourself all in it was one of those beveled edge Mirrors. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And uh {NW} This little table And then he had a Interviewer: When people came to visit where'd they sit where did they 703: Oh well we had We had rocking chairs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And then we had Six chairs to our table that was solid oak. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about that uh piece of furniture that Kit has uh that Claire has in the living room that uh green velvet thing what do you call that 703: Oh that came from {B} Home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And it came I believe uh they told me that She got it from her brother's home Uh uh Franklin I can't think of his first name But uh Interviewer: What do you call that piece of furniture 703: Called it a Interviewer: You called it something different from what you call this 703: Yes I did Interviewer: What do you call this 703: I call this a A couch or Interviewer: Couch 703: Or sofa. Interviewer: Uh-huh and then you call that other thing 703: I believe they call it a sofa don't they? Interviewer: I don't know I wonder what the difference well you know there's a difference in the shape and everything you know it 703: {D: There's some they call devinettes you know} Interviewer: {D: What's a devinette} 703: I don't know But that one up there that Claire has will open up make a bed. Interviewer: {D: So is that a devinette} 703: No it wasn't de- in those days I don't know what they We had one over there that we got rid of when we moved here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: {NS} That made opened up Made Uh a bed Interviewer: {NW} 703: #1 Just like # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 703: That big one that she has in her Her den back there you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm now what do you call that one 703: {D: Well I guess you call that devinette} Interviewer: Mm-hmm because it makes into a bed and um 703: But that was a sofa I believe that that And it came from grandmother Griffin got it from her brother's home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: {NW} Had it all those years Interviewer: Looks like kind of like a Roman bed doesn't it with the if you see any pictures of the Romans you 703: I don't I don't know I ever saw that But anyway Uh Interviewer: Then uh what would 703: My husband Had made a a nice box To put his Because he down at the mill before we we married He built him a room on the side of the commissary. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: {NW} And uh Because he didn't like to sleep with those Men {NS} At the commissary and they'd have to I mean at the boarding house And so he built him a room On the side of the Commissary And uh He built this box Keep his He had ever so many blankets Nice blankets For his bed And he built this nice box and painted it {NW} And I've still got it out yonder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: I don't have no place for it in the house But We did at that time Interviewer: Did he build any furniture to put in the bedrooms 703: {NS} No Not at that time Interviewer: What furniture did you have in your uh bedrooms to keep your clothes in 703: Well We just had uh A corner {NW} Of With curtains in the dining room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm then 703: We hung our clothes Interviewer: #1 Did you have any pieces # 703: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Furniture 703: In the dining room Interviewer: No any pieces of furniture that you uh kept your clothes in 703: Well had the dresser The dr- and the drawers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And we had our trunks in those days everybody had trunks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Thought they had to have a trunk because if they went anywhere on a train or anywhere Why you Packed your clothes in a trunk. Interviewer: You didn't have one of these pieces of furniture that you uh hung your clothes in did you 703: Did I have any uh {NS} No {NS} Later on in life we did when we lived here in Pine Bluff we did. Interviewer: What did you call that 703: Can't think of the term Interviewer: Did you call it a um 703: Part of it was book case and part Place to hang your clothes. Interviewer: Was it called a chifforobe 703: Yes Interviewer: Is that what you call it 703: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Now what's the difference between a chifforobe and the other the other thing that you also had clothes in uh it was another one uh it's not called a closet but a um do you know what I'm talking about you just had you just had the chifforobe and that's all you had 703: {NW} Yes {NS} That's all we had here in Pine Bluff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: When we lived there Interviewer: Um 703: And you know the houses back in those days Interviewer: A wardrobe 703: Yes a wardrobe was a chifforobe and a wardrobe A wardrobe {NS} Was Now grandmother Griffin had a big wardrobe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: In her home that her husband had built. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Out of Looked like walnut or some sort of nice wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And It had two doors And it was nothing but just to hang up clothes in On one side and put your linens and things on the other Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And the chifforobe Had a place to hang on one side and drawers on the other side of the mirror. #1 Up over it # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Oh I see 703: That's about about the wardrobe. Interviewer: Can you tell me about some of your um outstanding subjects and accomplishments in school 703: {NW} Well {NW} I was the youngest girl That went to Rison high school And The Won {NW} Nearly Won It'd be nearly every Friday afternoon Our superintendent Would uh Give out words To {NW} See how they could spell because we weren't Teach you know we weren't Uh studying any spelling in high school {NW} And I had studied {NW} Out at home And the blue what they called the old blue back speller The blue back speller And uh So I was better speller than most of them because it really had hard words in it And One Friday afternoon he was giving out this word I can't think of what it is now nearly can't And He'd point out this one in the room and that one in the room and none of them could spell it Went around I was toward the last and he pointed me out and I spelled it Course they thought then I was so smart because I could spell that big word But Interviewer: {X} 703: Ordinarily I can When you want to you can And then {NS} The Last year I went to School down there He told us all It was the same Man uh Mister {B} Was the superintendent And he told us that we had to write an essay {NS} And uh A great long one. Well I I I was always good in English But now essays was else something else I'd never written a real essay I'd written stories about this and that Evangeline And things And when I first went to Rison {NS} I hadn't had enough books to read out there In the country And uh not uh The uh Papa while he was director he had bought A Whole Bunch of books and uh And a case. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: But They were Not what you'd call Classical Literature So I'd When we'd have to write about uh Write up something on this Why I maybe I'd have to go buy the little book and read it in one night To be able to Write about it or tell about it the next day {NW} About Romeo and Juliet and Caesar Things like that it was really classical literature And uh Then he told us we had to write this essay Well A lot of the Girls Or some of the girls They just Wouldn't make an effort To try to write the essay And uh They'd borrowed they'd go borrow one from Someone that had been to college And written a essay For college like {NS} Now you have to write a thesis see for a master's degree or something or you're doing this {X} For your master's degree Ann wrote a great long Book For her master's degree And uh {NW} So uh I Said well I've got to I've got to {NW} I went to a Lady down there that Had been a teacher {NW} I couldn't even think of a subject To write on and she said Why not monuments Write about monuments I said uh Well I'll try So There was a Mister Farrow {NW} That had a room Not quite as {NW} Big as this Full of books he just had A real library where the School itself didn't have very many books So I'd go down there after school in the afternoon And uh He knew my husband because my husband had Him had worked together they had a mill at Kingsland and my husband had worked for him there when he was just a Just a teenager Then he'd come on over to Rison and work for him over there {NW} And uh for a while Well {NW} So he knew us Knew me knew {NS} My husband to be At that time {NW} And also I was in the Same grade with one of his sons And uh {NW} The daughter I knew her Next oldest I knew her So I went down there to ask him Would he care for me Going in his library {NS} And uh Looking up things in his library in the books And I had that writing the essay he said no just go right ahead {NS} And uh So I'd go down and just knock on the door Come through the door and I'd just go right on in through it Library And So I wrote this essay it was three or four pages when it was typed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: About four I think And I got the Medal for it got the gold medal. Interviewer: Oh you did 703: Mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Well that was quite an accomplishment wasn't it 703: See Uh Mister Baker our superintendent he sent them off Some place to have them judged He didn't have anyone at Rison because they might be prejudiced you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: {NW} And he sent him where they didn't know Any any of them that were sent {NW} Sending them in And when he got them back I was the one that had Gotten the Written the best essay they said And I got a Little gold medal The S I A they called it then School Improvement Association Had this Said they would give A gold medal For that And uh So uh When they got it back I di- I never expected to win it I just never thought about it I just done what he told me we had I had to do {NS} And uh Interviewer: {NW} 703: Soon as he got it back And uh He found out I was the one That won it Why He uh He just come right straight down to where {X} Complimenting me and said he knew Mostly I was going to win it Because I he knew how hard I worked well I let him see it once And ask him {X} Better have it Copy it over before I had I had to get somebody to uh Use the typewriter and type it you see {NW} But I first wrote in long just in Long hand And uh I Let him see it and Asked him about what he thought about it I thought a lot of him and he did of me And uh So He knew I I think he knew all the time that Thought in his mind that I'd win it but he didn't tell me so Until Got it back and I had He said that that was the best one {NW} And he just come down there congratulating me {NS} Congratulating And another one of the teachers Miss Margaret Mosley She came here she come Said congratulations and hold her hand I said what about what have I done To be congratulated {NW} You won the medal she said you won you wrote the best essay. Interviewer: Did you get excited 703: No not Especially I was glad of course for the hard work I put in But Not Especially Excited and you know where that is It's in the vault here in Pine Bluff. Interviewer: It's real gold 703: Huh Interviewer: It's real gold 703: Well my medal and the essay too Is in the vault And the it's getting so old and dry I would like to have it typed again {NS} For the children to Keep and read. Interviewer: Yeah I'd really like to 703: And Every once in a while when I go to the vault I'll take it out and read it again And wonder how I got the much out to write about monuments {NW} But I did {NW} {NS} Before grandmother Griffin passed away {NS} Well I didn't have anything else of her pictures And she {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: And uh Then When I done the Needle point on my chairs in the dining room Then I wanted to Put some Well they said I should have pin pointed it Well I never could find anything even got my sister in Cleveland Ohio to try and find me some {X} It just couldn't be found {NW} Small enough to go in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 703: Finally I went to a place that Claire. {NS} 703: were influential in establishment of both the male and feel ma- female academy in Warren interviewer: side five taping listen to after side 4 did your uh husband ever have anything that he used to tell time with that he wore in his pocket 703: there's his pocket watch right there railroad watch interviewer: did was that given to him 703: no he bought the watch interviewer: uh-huh 703: and Clara gave it and uh after he passed away she gave me that little frame to put the watch in to really to make a little clock but I never keep it going I don't try to interviewer: if it's um if it's between ten and eleven o'clock like it is right now what time you'd say it is? right now what time is it over there 703: ten thirty interviewer: do you call it do you ever say half past 703: sometimes Mm-hmm. interviewer: um if you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite 703: well I done a lot of I done red cross work here's my diploma from that and I was awarded this for working with the {NS} four H club work #1 when # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: Ann was a girl {C: name} and then I as I said I was a teacher I mean president of the P-T-A #1 up here # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: two different times and held just about every uh office that the P-T-A had interviewer: well this was issued at Washington D-C wasn't it um 703: see back in those years I worked with the P-T-A I was a member of the {D: friar guard} or uh what you called it the uh garden club interviewer: mm-hmm 703: as well as the home demonstration club now they call it the home maker's club they changed it #1 from home de- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: just like when I got that medal at rise and it says on it S-I-A which means uh School Improvement Association which later was changed when the P-T-A was formed while they called it P-T-A #1 parent teacher association # interviewer: #2 oh I see mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um what kind of flowers did you grow for your garden club in your 703: in my gar- #1 for my # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # in your garden club what'd you show 703: well just I just grew all kinds of flowers that I could grow some we lived in that house over there why all this was in a big side of the yard we had about a acre in this yard and I just had all kinds of flowers and uh really I would have rather been in a horticulture club because that teaches you how to grow them where the other the garden club you have to learn to arrange flowers which I wasn't too interested in and I stayed in it though for ever so many years until I thought Anne is growing up and I thought that she needed new more help with this four H club work and things like that and she was in the band Anne was #1 and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and she was also in two singing choir one a choir and one something else I forget and mister brown coat same man is there now that's born the b- first started the band when Anne was about twelve or thirteen years old she was the first band queen interviewer: oh she was? 703: mm-hmm #1 that picture I # interviewer: #2 and then # she went on to uh to school where did she #1 go # 703: #2 then # she when she graduated from here? why she went to Harding and graduated from there with a Cum Cum Laude and then she taught school in Nashville, Tennessee one year she and one of her roommates had had at at Har- had been at Harding they were real good friends Sarah Brown and uh then uh my daughter {D: the under dean} told her by that time my husband's health was getting real poorly and she told him Ann that said if daddy's goes down as fast the next year as he has the last said I'd advise you not to go off so far as Nashville said because he won't be here and said you'd either have to quit school quit your school over there or never get to see him and so she taught in the deaf school in Little Rock that year interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and sure enough he passed away just two weeks before her school was out interviewer: and she went back to college 703: well she wanted to go on to K- Knoxville right out of when she finished at Harding and we told her she had gone to school sixteen years straight twelve up here and four at Harding and that uh we thought that she'd better do something else a while she might have a nervous breakdown or something and that uh least it'd be better for her to do something else so she taught those two years and then her father passed away she says now I'm going to to Knoxville this fall interviewer: and what school does she go to there? 703: University Tennessee at Knoxville and she made real good grades there she she was a home ec student at Harding and uh she got a bachelor of science there Cum Laude and then from Knoxville she got a master of science she ha- she studied interior de- decorating and crafts and arts and management of children she had a double minor in that and they gave her the second year she was there they gave her a s- made her assistant teacher in this department so it made her stay two whole years where if they hadn't why she would she'd could've gotten out in a year and a half or so but they to- they paid her tuition and paid her hundred and thirty something dollars a month and that helped an awfully a lot because I was having to put her through I first thing when she said she's going back she went up to the bank she borrowed fifteen hundred dollars it didn't even last one half a semester and I told her there was that interest you know she would be going on a year or two and before she could even start paying it back doing anything to pay it back I told her I that if uh that I would pay that off for her that fifteen hundred dollars cause I just couldn't see it hanging over her head to have to pay back the interest that would be accrued on it and in the meantime and I paid it off for her and told her that I would try to help her the rest of the way and it helped so much then that was the first year and then it helped so much when she got to be assistant teacher there in that department but still that she had so much expenses and everything still that she'd call me and say mother I need so much money and I'd go direct to the post office and put it in air mail so she'd get it the next day interviewer: there's a couple of things that uh we missed about the weather that I wanted to ask you about if um no rain came around here for weeks and weeks what do you call it? 703: drought interviewer: okay and uh if the weather changes in the fall when all the sudden it you get up one morning and it and it feels good outside but it's cold what do you say it's r- it's what 703: uh say that again interviewer: okay um when you first go outdoors in the fall and you've had warm weather and then you find that it's real cold but to but it feels good you'd say that it's rather what you'd say this morning it's rather 703: chilly interviewer: okay do you ever say anything like uh snappy sharp or anything like that 703: no I just say oh it's chilly or cold this morning interviewer: uh-huh and uh what from which direction do we have the wind in in Watson Chapel 703: well if it's turning cold it's from the north and if it's turning warmer it's from the south or southeast interviewer: do you ever have any from uh 703: and if it's gonna rain or snow it maybe it'll be from the east and and when you get a east wind you're just know that it's if it's warm enough it's gonna rain and if it's uh cold enough it's gonna snow interviewer: and uh you don't have any do you ever have any from the southwest? 703: yes sometimes that's usually the direction we get our tornadoes from interviewer: mm-mm from the southwest uh-huh 703: they come start this way come on up around this way #1 {D: if you look} # interviewer: #2 um # 703: southwest to the northwest interviewer: you said that your parents had a or I can't remember whether it was your home or your parents home had a a fireplace at each end of it didn't you 703: uh-huh interviewer: uh what did they have in the fireplace? to hold the logs 703: andirons interviewer: alright and that black stuff that came out of the fireplace was the 703: soot interviewer: okay and the the um the part that the smoke went out was the 703: chimney interviewer: okay and what did you call the different sizes of wood the wood that you use to start the fire 703: papa called it kindling interviewer: mm-hmm 703: because at that time he owned all that acreage and he had he had lots of pine woods that he sold to my husband after he'd come there and a sawmill in in that community sold in his a lot of pine big pine virgin pine and then he ha- he had bought my his father's place from his brother and sister and well he they'd just go back in those woods where pines had been cut down or they had fallen down and where they'd rotted and they'd leave the core of the pine and and maybe uh a knot where the limbs had been interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and they'd call that pine knots and he'd have 'em haul up have the boys that worked for him haul up a wagon load or two of those for the winter and he'd cut those pine knots or that rich pine up into splinters interviewer: mm-hmm 703: little fine and then he'd that's when he'd start the fire in the fireplaces interviewer: and uh did you ever have uh anything built out from the from the fireplace there the top part what did you call 703: #1 yeah yeah mantel is # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: {X} interviewer: okay I just 703: #1 solid # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: uh solid uh uh walnut mantels #1 on both # interviewer: #2 and then # the at the bottom where it came out what'd you call that maybe you'd maybe it'd be brick or rock or something and uh maybe you'd sit ar- sit around it 703: that was the what did we call that {D: fire fire sky} oh well she's got it up high and they used to the the interviewer: did you call it a hearth? 703: yes hearth #1 sit around # interviewer: #2 and # 703: the hearth interviewer: if you had a room off from your kitchen where you kept all your food where you stored the food what'd you call that room 703: {D: grandma Grifford's house had one} and we have one on the back what was it called kind of a closet back and yet it was called something else interviewer: would you call it a kitchen closet maybe? 703: it had a name but something just interviewer: oh 703: I can't think of it interviewer: to get from the first floor up to the second floor in a two story house how'd you get there? 703: well there's always stairs but we didn't live in a two story house but grandmother Griffin did when she lived with the doctor Martins {D: that woman} interviewer: what'd you call the boards on the outside of the house that lapped over each other 703: uh hmm my husband cut all that lumber that's over there in that house and built er- built everything so #1 but uh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 one # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: laps over there the like you say but uh I don't know what to called it he'd he'd know if here he could just tell you right now #1 but I don't # interviewer: #2 well what was the # building where you kept corn stored in 703: well now that wa- papa called it a barn #1 he just ca- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: he had ever so many barns on his place #1 one for hay # interviewer: #2 would you have called it # crib or anything like that 703: I believe it was the where he kept the corn #1 a crib # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and uh he had a place for hay and an pl- and a barn for the #1 {D: cottonseed hoes and leaves} # interviewer: #2 what'd you call that # top part of the barn 703: oh we'd go up there and play but I can't think of what we called it interviewer: did you ever hear any place that you stored grain did you ever have a building where you stored grain 703: nothing much except uh barn for the corn? interviewer: if there was a um 703: and up over that's over there was a storage place where he'd put the peanuts interviewer: what did you call it? did you have a name for it? um 703: but we'd go up there and pick those peanuts off they'd pick uh peel 'em dry 'em and and then when we wanted to pa- have parched peanuts to eat we'd go up there and pick 'em off and great big pan of 'em take 'em to the house and mom would parch 'em for us and we'd eat 'em interviewer: did you uh grow your own hay for the cows? 703: oh yeah my daddy did he grew lots of hay interviewer: when he got too much and he had to leave it outside what'd you call it when you put it in that big pile 703: he never did because it would rot here in this climate interviewer: oh really 703: it was all put in the barn interviewer: if you ever saw it what'd you call it if you ever saw it out in the field that way it'd be pile 703: I saw that when we went out west to Idaho they'd just interviewer: what do you 703: #1 they just # interviewer: #2 call that # 703: piled it up outside but I don't know why they had just a great big pile they had gotten at that time till a bale of hay and they put those bales in a great big pile and left it on the outside but papa never had any hay baler he just had the cutter to cut it down and a rake to rake it up and he b- had a hay barn specially for that interviewer: um talking about hay what would be um would you have a name for anything like a with um say four poles or a sliding roof did you ever have anything that might want call 'em a hay barrack or anything like that ever heard anything like that um 703: I don't remember that we did interviewer: #1 and hay time # 703: #2 they'd take # they'd take pi- loft is what they call that interviewer: oh yeah 703: a loft well uh that puts the peanuts in the loft over the corn interviewer: mm-hmm 703: barn and then they put the uh uh hay up in the loft and then had one big barn that they'd just fill full of that and then one was in the loft over the stables where they kept the horses and #1 mules # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and uh they'd take a pitchfork and pitch that hay down for interviewer: did you have any place where you kept the cows? when you got ready to milk 'em 703: oh #1 yes it # interviewer: #2 what'd you call that place # 703: stalls interviewer: okay #1 um # 703: #2 cow stalls # were on each side uh of the barn that where the cow feed #1 box # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um if you were in the field at haying time and when you cut the hay um what did you do with it what'd you say that you did with it you what 703: when they cut the hay interviewer: yeah 703: well they left it to dry for as long as it took it to to dry where it #1 wouldn't # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: mold or anything and then they raked it up with a uh machinery called a rake pulled by horses or mules and raked it up into kind of a windrow and then they picked it up interviewer: you called it a windrow? 703: uh-huh raked it up into kind of a windrow and then they'd go along #1 with # interviewer: #2 what's a # windrow? 703: well it's just like if I had hay here and hay here and I'd rake it up into a pile and just make a straight row of it #1 they'd go along behind with the # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: wagon with a great {C: interviewer coughing} big uh bar- top to it like they c- s- taking cotton to the mill cotton to the gin interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and put that hay in that pick it up with a pi- pitchfork interviewer: did you um where people uh used to keep their milk and butter before the days of refrigeration what did they call that place? 703: well my mother had a special little milk closet in her kitchen for when it was cold that she just kept it in there interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and uh then in the summer time now this is after I was several years old uh there was that hallway between the kitchen and the s- store and my father had a pan made out of some kind of metal great big pan interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: and about so high and she'd sit those crocks of milk out into that and put a cloth over and put water all around fill that uh pan full of cold water out the well and then she'd sit those that crocks of milk in that and she'd put a cloth over it and and that uh it'd evaporate the the cloth'd take up the water and the wind and all would evaporate it and help to keep the milk cool and I have known to like uh when it'd be so hot why she'd had a milk cooler and she'd take it and uh put it on a rope fill it full of warm milk they'd milked that morning and put it down and just to the edge of the water and then take it out for supper and it'd be so nice and cool a whole gallon and boy it would be drank up in no time at all gosh interviewer: mm-hmm uh in raising cotton um tell me about the work that they did in the cotton fields 703: well first they plowed it up made it up into rows and then they would take put a plow right down through the middle of that row and they ha- papa had a cotton planter what he called a cotton planter and put seeds in that planter and just go along and and the planter'd put out the seeds like a- like he wanted it set it to put out as close together as they wanted the seeds sowed interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and uh then they'd have it covered up and then when the cotton would come up why where it was too thick then they'd hands'd g- he'd have hands go in there uh and uh chop the cotton I believe they called it interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: but thin it anyway interviewer: now if they've got uh plants in there that they didn't want besides cotton what'd they do? 703: well that's when they worked it and cho- either by plow or by hand and cut it out of the hole just like they chopped in between these when it's too thick and they #1 chop # interviewer: #2 do # they have any name for that grass that got in there in the cotton fields when they didn't want it 703: mostly crab grass interviewer: um what kind of fences were ar- around um yards and gardens what were the names of some of the different kinds 703: I can't remember what kinds interviewer: if it 703: #1 I I think when papa and mama first # interviewer: #2 was made out of wood what would you # 703: bought that home that I was telling you about where he had bought so much acreage uh I I think that it uh that it just had a plain fence painted white around it just about so wide all around it and then later they had a wire fence put around it and later they had tore this old colonial home down after the children were all gone married and gone or go- at least left home and they built them a new house modern and they had all the conveniences by that time there was roads in the country and they had all the conveniences they had uh electric lights and they had uh they uh hot water heater bathroom in the house all the conveniences a city has interviewer: to keep the cows from getting out of the field what kind of fences did you use? 703: well back when mama's father my aunt and my father had some of 'em they had rail fences that went like this you know and uh uh but my father replaced 'em with wire fences just fast as he could interviewer: now what kind of wire was that {D: where he use} 703: well I don't know it it was just wire #1 fencing # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and he'd put uh this barbed wire up on top of that on the posts to keep cows any kind of animal from jumping #1 in # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: that wanted to jump cause there are cows that would jump and there were horses mules or or hor- mules that would jump interviewer: what did you call that area that you kept them in did you call it fields or did you have did you call it something else where you kept the animals? 703: c- called it a barn loft interviewer: and then 703: and stables #1 and they'd be stabled at night # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 they'd work in the fields # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: in daytime in the s- especially during the growing season and they'd bring 'em in the men would and water 'em and take 'em to their stable and feed 'em and they'd stay in there all night and then #1 get 'em out # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: next morning harness 'em up and take 'em to the field again #1 and the # interviewer: #2 um # 703: cows we had stables for the we had stalls we called it for them and and uh interviewer: what'd 703: #1 they'd stay in there # interviewer: #2 you call the uh # 703: all night when it was cold interviewer: what'd you call the fence that was made of a loose rock or stones 703: we never had interviewer: did you never had any of these um 703: uh-uh interviewer: that you might remove from the field when you make a fence 703: no interviewer: what would you c- you did you ever know what they were called 703: no interviewer: um when you set up the barbed wire fence you had to dig holes for the uh 703: well he had to have posts to to nail with staples to nail at first wire fence it was about four feet high and then the posts'd be high enough that they'd take these de- same staples #1 and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: staple that barbed wire about two f- rows of it #1 up above that # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now what did you you said you had a well what did you carry the water in? 703: #1 well we # interviewer: #2 to the # house what'd you carry it in? 703: had galvanized buckets to carry it in and mama always kept a cedar bucket #1 for # interviewer: #2 so you had a # wooden one too didn't you 703: for the that was the water bucket that we'd drink out of interviewer: uh what about the one for for milk? what'd you carry the milk in did you have a different 703: they were those uh metal interviewer: mm-hmm 703: bucket I had aluminum #1 and that # interviewer: #2 what was the # 703: #1 after # interviewer: #2 container # 703: I was married I had aluminum buckets interviewer: what was the container that you carried the food to the pigs in what'd you call that? 703: well they were just big old cans metal cans interviewer: what'd you say you were going to do when you were going out to feed the pigs go 703: slop the hogs interviewer: did you ever call it uh a slop bucket or anything like that 703: probably papa did slop bucket and {NS} he'd mix bran and and uh I was trying to tell your father Sunday about the ma- putting lye it was he'd take a can of merry wa- merry war lye they called it and I said he put potash well it's the same thing #1 but # interviewer: #2 what's potash? # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: well it's the same thing as merry war lye it's white #1 crystal stuff # interviewer: #2 oh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and he'd pour {C: bump} part of a can of that #1 in his # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: feed for the ho- hog feed every once in a while and your father agreed that it was good to keep the worms off 'em interviewer: um what did you fry the eggs in? something like that over the old wood stove what did you fry 'em in 703: great big skillet I've got one now that's over a hundred years old it was older than my father mama gave to me it when sh- after my father passed away and uh I asked her she had two or three of 'em uh one was steel but this is iron and uh I said m- mama I want you to give me one of those and and she said I guess you'd rather have the one that's so old it's older than {D: electrical} father and I said yes I have and I have it in my {D: kitchen} interviewer: um did you ever have any little thing to keep the the flowers in in the house 703: flour that you make biscuit interviewer: no no no the uh the pretty things 703: mama never kept any in the house she had some in the yard but she never kept any like I do in the house interviewer: where do you keep them in? 703: what do I #1 keep them in? # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # what do you call that that you keep them in? 703: well I k- interviewer: that little container 703: some are are just ordinary clay pots and some are are wooden interviewer: but for the cut ones the cut flowers what do you put the cut flowers in 703: oh why vases interviewer: mm-hmm and um 703: like that right there #1 {D: kind of bigger tree for Christmas} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um in the kitchen 703: now mama did have geraniums she grew 'em I said she didn't grow flowers except in the yard she did she loved geraniums and she'd had a lot of geraniums and she'd have 'em sit on the front porch in the summer time and I where she put 'em winter I don't remember interviewer: mm-hmm when you went in the kitchen and you turn on the water you say you turned on the what do you call that that it comes out of 703: {D: tap} faucet interviewer: outside do you have a different name for it? where the water comes out from the house 703: do we? interviewer: I don't know 703: {D: I'm but} they're all called #1 faucets # interviewer: #2 faucets # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh oh when you went people used to buy their flour and it came in a what did it come in 703: that's what I thought you were #1 saying to me a while ago # interviewer: #2 yeah what did it # come in 703: papa bought it by the barrel interviewer: and a new and 703: mama had a great big old interviewer: what did molasses 703: #1 tray # interviewer: #2 come in # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: that she made up her biscuits in I'd give anything to have it now and she made up her biscuits in that it was an oval #1 shaped tray # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: kinda deep and she had to m- she'd make two g- great big pans of biscuits and put in that big up and she really could make good ones interviewer: now molasses they didn't come in a barrel they came in a what 703: well papa had bought uh that that sugar cane molasses in small barrels or kegs because uh it would la- in the winter time it would last a long time and my mother liked it so much she didn't care for sorghum or anything like that much but she did like that sugar cane that came from around New Orleans and uh he'd he'd buy a small keg of of that it wouldn't be as big as the flour but interviewer: if um what about the lard what did it come in? 703: well they made lots of their lard when they killed their hogs and put 'em up interviewer: #1 but if you went to the # 703: #2 in salt # interviewer: store what did it come in? 703: come in in buckets we called it with a lid interviewer: if uh you were gonna pour salt you could take a you were gonna pour some salt into say your your salt shaker and you you take a piece of paper and you could roll it into 703: #1 cone # interviewer: #2 a cone # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # smaller shape and did you have any other name that you called for one of those little things that you maybe use it in canning that you would uh put in a jar so that you would get something in there easier 703: funnel interviewer: uh oh the uh if you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put put it in a uh what would he put it in for you to take home now what would you put it in 703: nowadays? well they just put it in bags #1 now just paper bags # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: but when I was at home papa would when he'd come to town he'd bring back a whole stalk of bananas hang 'em up out there on the back porch and we'd eat 'em just go get 'em and eat 'em so long as they lasted any time we wanted and he'd br- and uh they raised lots of fruit at home that they'd put up in barrels the apples {NS} as long as they lasted in the fall interviewer: what did fifty pounds of flour come in? 703: barrel interviewer: what about uh 703: I don't know whether it's fifty pounds or not but he'd buy a great barrel about this high interviewer: what about uh sugar how was it packaged? a large quantity of sugar 703: it was in a barrel too at first interviewer: and then later what did what was it in 703: well later it was in packages #1 like we buy now but # interviewer: #2 it would was it # any of those cloth things? 703: the well now uh later in life when uh when one ni- {D: so many there for mama to cook for her} he'd buy the uh flour in a fifty po- twenty-five fifty pound bag it was cloth and the meal too when the corn had run out and he didn't have corn any more to take to the mill and then the- that's it my father quit farming so when he wasn't so old he quit the farming business all together and raised stock and built a big slaughter pen slaughterhouse and that's when I said he sold me out here to the A M and N college and different places here in town interviewer: um what 703: #1 but # interviewer: #2 did # 703: he always raised stock you know I've told you about him going down into the bottom and killing the hogs and taking 'em across the creek on #1 that little # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: mule interviewer: what did the uh potatoes come in how were they shipped 703: Irish potatoes? interviewer: I don't #1 uh # 703: #2 sweet potatoes # #1 he it # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 they raised their own sweet potatoes and sold lots of 'em # interviewer: #2 potatoes if you didn't # what were they shipped in at the stores were they shipped to y'all no 703: no interviewer: um well what do you call that um that rough cloth sack that the the you know just used for all kinds of things put things in and potatoes came in it sometimes 703: they call it gunny sacks #1 now but that's # interviewer: #2 yeah # 703: not the right thing what they called it then interviewer: what other names did you call it do you know the names? 703: yeah sure the name but I can't think tow sack tow sack get a tow sack and go get so and so or uh buy something in a tow sack interviewer: well what about uh the amount of wood you could carry in your uh arms what'd you call that? just that much 703: we didn't have anything #1 I mean we were just carrying # interviewer: #2 you didn't have anything # 703: what we could interviewer: uh would you say something like an armload or 703: #1 an armload # interviewer: #2 yeah # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 of wood # interviewer: #2 um # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if you were going to the mill to grind the uh corn taken to the mill at one time what would you call it do you remember any name for that they were taking a 703: no my father would always do that and grind all of it he was so particular not to get one rotten grain or anything in it and take it to the mill grist mill they called the mill and uh have it ground and uh I don't know what he'd bring it back in some kind of a sack or bag I guess he'd take well he might have taken it in a have to be a clean tow sack maybe he might take it in one of those flour sacks or something interviewer: um 703: I just don't remember interviewer: before electricity what type of lights did you what kind of lighting did you have at home 703: my parents' home? interviewer: mm-hmm 703: we first had just the kerosene lamps and then next he had a carbon light put in the in their rooms and he was the only one in the community that did and they made light all over the room kinda like a the electricity does but it wasn't really uh and the type of carbon was something I forgot just exactly what they did call it that he had put down it dropped down from the ceiling uh kind of a rod and then they lit it and mama had a little a stove like that she could warm or heat up something on without having to heat up the whole big range that she had in her kitchen interviewer: and um when you um {D: uh if you've been married} what do the nails come in? or they 703: #1 kegs # interviewer: #2 used to come in # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # okay 703: 'fore I married and afterwards interviewer: uh and when you used to go take the clothes out to the line what did you take 'em out in? or what did maybe you still take 'em out to the line what do you take 'em out in? what did people take 'em out in a long time ago? 703: I think we just took 'em in a tub when {X} when I was at home and after I moved here before I got me a a dryer why uh I'd take 'em in a basket interviewer: um what ran around the barrel to hold the staves into place? what did you call that 703: well it was a band of some kind of metal but I don't know what you called that special metal interviewer: oh stopper for a bottle that you put in the top of a bottle sometimes sometimes they used 'em in a well they now come in uh wine bottles so what what do you call that stopper 703: oh just {D: a slab} interviewer: #1 uh # 703: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: the musical instrument that children playing it was held like this 703: #1 harp # interviewer: #2 what did you # is that what you used to call that 703: French harp interviewer: uh-huh and um you pounded nails with what'd you call that 703: hammer interviewer: and the wagon and the two horses and a long wooden piece between the horse was the 703: {D: oh that's not math} I can't remember what that was they were hitched up with these two things o- one mule or horse between this oh it's a wagon tongue it went down #1 between 'em # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: but I can't think what those things they were hitched to by interviewer: uh 703: and a buggy is same the buggy had #1 had that # interviewer: #2 yeah # 703: hitch behind it to hold a horse interviewer: you had the backing in between the what the horses on a buggy 703: had what interviewer: you backed him in between you backed the horses in between what to to to hitch 'em up 703: oh that's what I said my husband walked through to keep 'em or but that {D: that chum falling in it} maybe getting down in that mud and breaking those one of those what was it do you know? #1 back 'em # interviewer: #2 um # 703: in between that and hitch 'em up in between those two pole like things and that was fastened some way to the horses but there was a name for those things interviewer: what about the parts of the of the wheel of the wagon wheel you start with the inside that's the hub then the spokes 703: #1 and the outside # interviewer: #2 and that went into # the 703: outside they c- rim interviewer: okay 703: rim of metal interviewer: on the buggy the the thing the traces come back to in order to hook on is called a but on a wagon that piece that comes back 703: that's called a wagon tongue the thing that goes between the hor- the mules or horses interviewer: the bar w- 703: #1 but and # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: and then the things behind 'em that #1 holds it it's # interviewer: #2 that hook on # 703: traces aren't they? interviewer: A-huh and then when you have two horses and each one has a singletree then what do you call the thing that both of 'em are hitched to in order to keep the horses together? 703: I know there's singletree behind each one of 'em and and then {C: windows beep?} it was hooked to the wagon some way but I don't know what you call it interviewer: tape fi- tape six listen to after s- tape five now tell me the parts of the buggy and everything now that you've got the picture 703: these are the shafts and then they have {C: windows click noise?} some kind of I don't know what they c- well did they had what they called a belly band that goes around under the horse and up there I guess that's #1 that # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and this is the lines that goes back that you guide the horse by and goes to its to its head here and that's the bridle #1 called a bridle # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm 703: and then they'd go back over the {X} horse's back and see there my husband has them in his hands interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: in one hand this is a collar to keep from rubbing these other things from rubbing the around the neck hurting 'em around the neck oh yes and it has bits in its mouth that a- this horse was very tender-mouthed and very easy to manage because it was those bits that you can just barely see there going into their mouths interviewer: now the wheel this is the 703: that's the axle interviewer: mm-kay and then 703: this is the uh you said that interviewer: spokes 703: #1 spokes in the wheel # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm spokes # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and that's the rim interviewer: now does this have a special name down here where you attached it to the buggy? right there or did it 703: well didn't it have a singletree back down there? I couldn't think that had to hold a horse to the buggy interviewer: mm-hmm uh 703: but it was these things that he was so afraid that if the horse stepped in a hole that there might it might break {D: and I've not yet told him my name} except just interviewer: if you were out after you've plowed what would you use to break up the ground even more 703: #1 break up the clods and # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 things # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # after you've plowed then you 703: well my father had a kind of a I don't know what you call it now but it was sorta like a garden rake only it was a big thing that you could put hitch a mule to and just r- go over it and break up the clods and make the bed even #1 for the seeds # interviewer: #2 and it made the the # soil even finer 703: uh-huh break up the clods as you said interviewer: the um X-shaped frame what do you call that you lay across a log you lay a log across to chop it into stove lengths what do you call those A-shaped frames that you'd use to lay the boards across so like to make a table for a church supper to sharpen a straight razor on a leather 703: it's a leather strap I have my husband's last leather strap and his old razor and the sh- mug before he got the electric razor interviewer: and did you ever have a piece of playing equipment where you had a plank and you laid it over a trestle and and it'd go up and down 703: that's called a see-saw interviewer: and 703: we had that lots of times interviewer: what'd you call a limber plank that's fixed at both ends that children could jump up and up up and down on did you have a name for that 703: I can't think but Mary Dean used to bring her boyfriend home with her when we lived over there and they'd get up and want to jump on one of them one of the other bounce each other up but I can't think of the name of it interviewer: if you had a plank anchored in the middle on a stump or a post 703: that's what this was it's anchored on a log or something out there that and he'd jump he'd jump her up and then she'd jump him up but I g- I can't think of the name of that but I remember well the see-saw that we used to play on interviewer: what about the long rope that you tied to a tree limb 703: well it was just a interviewer: what'd you call that? and you put a seat on it 703: swing we had lots of those we had n- one at tied to the walnut tree in our front yard at our father's home and he made us a board and notched it so we could sit on the board swing back and forth just so high interviewer: did you ever have a uh little small container to carry coal in? 703: carry what? interviewer: coal 703: #1 C-O-A-L # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 coal # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 703: #1 we never # interviewer: #2 coal # 703: used any never in my lifetime at any of the houses grandmother Griffin's at my father's mother's or at ours ever used any coal I believe they're called hoppers though but uh but we never used any interviewer: well what about a small vehicle to carry bricks back and forth the end or something did you ever have one of those little things? carry something heavy in it had one one wheel on the front 703: wheelbarrow interviewer: and what did you uh sharpen a scythe with on 703: a what interviewer: a scythe sickle or a 703: sickle interviewer: yeah what'd you ever j- what'd you sharpen it on? 703: how you spelling that? interviewer: S-C-Y-T-H-E 703: that's a scythe oh well they had a uh had a grinding wheel that was made out of interviewer: was that the kind that turned around 703: uh-huh interviewer: what about the kind that was just uh just flat or something 703: well my husband had had {C: coughing} something that he sharpened his razor on that was flat and he'd take it back this way and this way but I d- #1 I don't remem- # interviewer: #2 was it made # out of wood or made out of stone 703: #1 it's # interviewer: #2 or what # 703: made out of some kind of metal now I don't have that today of all the things that I've got that he used just before he got the electric razor seemed like it was a oh I don't know {X} {D: I'm here just as well} interviewer: if um 703: #1 scythe # interviewer: #2 something that # 703: #1 a scythe # interviewer: #2 a squeaky # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: isn't that something that you cut #1 wheat with by hand # interviewer: #2 I don't know # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: I think it is you know like you'd cut wheat or something by hand the old time farmers interviewer: if um your car goes squeak and you had to lubricate it and you didn't lubricate it with oil but the thick stuff what would you lubricate it with? 703: {D: well we had director} wagon grease #1 in a can # interviewer: #2 and if you got it on your # if you got it on your fingers what'd you say you you said you got what 703: I never did do any of it #1 so I # interviewer: #2 oh you didn't # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: but y- {D: 'un} remember it was wagon grease this thick stuff interviewer: if you got grease all over your hands you'd say they are all 703: greasy but I never did do that just like I never did saddle a horse or put one to a buggy interviewer: if you take your car into the gas station and get some gas you ask 'em to check the water and the what else would you ask 'em to check 703: check the water and check the battery see if it's has enough water in it interviewer: what it what else would you use to lubricate besides grease to um keep something from squeaking maybe a a door 703: oil interviewer: and you were telling me that in lamps you'd burn 703: kerosene interviewer: what'd you call a makeshift lamp made with a rag and a bottle and kerosene? 703: I don't know I never saw one interviewer: uh inside the tire of a car used to be the inner 703: tube interviewer: what kinds of boats or did you ever have any different kinds of boats 703: well back in early time they just had ordinary little {C: bump} little rowboats and then a boat with paddles that they'd go fishing in now of course they have all kinds of fancy boats but not back in my t- early days they didn't and they'd g- go out in that boat and kinda park it on in the water and fish from it some way interviewer: if you wanted to sign your name in ink you might use a 703: blotter? interviewer: what would you use to write with? 703: pen interviewer: the um thing that you use to cover up your dress so you don't get spots on it in the kitchen 703: apron interviewer: soup you buy usually comes in a 703: can interviewer: what kind of can? 703: tin I think interviewer: and a dime is worth how much is a dime worth? 703: ten cents supposed to interviewer: um 703: it isn't anymore though interviewer: tell me about some of your some of your clothes that you used to wear some of the things that were different from us 703: well we wore 'em longer even but now when I was a little girl I'd just wear 'em just {D: blowing easy now} later on I had some of 'em come down midways and I even had some to come almost to the ankle and we had high top shoes we never thought about wearing low q- quarters or like they do the year round now interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: we had high top shoes and during world war one I had a pair of shoes that some of 'em laced up and some uh had uh some buckled no that buckle some had uh well on the side they had buttons or something kinda like a button to button 'em up on the side and some laced up in the middle and as I said I haven't come up that high during W- -orld War One #1 they just # interviewer: #2 when it got # 703: called 'em shoes interviewer: when it got cold out what did you wear? 703: around me? interviewer: mm-hmm 703: coat interviewer: did you have sweaters back then too? 703: yes we had some sweaters interviewer: did you ever raise any of your own sheep? 703: papa had sheep sheared 'em sold the wool my grandmother w- had an old fa- she had a spinning wheel that she'd spin the wool or cotton either one and make thread and uh she'd she'd knit us mittens and things to wear on our heads to keep 'em warm interviewer: did you um 703: and even socks for her husband he'd wear wool socks and she she'd knit the s- thread I mean she'd make spin the thread and and make him wool socks but my father didn't have any if I remember right interviewer: which animal did you take the wool off did you take it off of both the female the male 703: oh yes interviewer: what's a female called? 703: ewe E-W-E interviewer: what's a male called? mm the lamb do you did you take you didn't take the wool off the lamb did you 703: not when it's too young no interviewer: #1 said you used that # 703: #2 what what what # was it ram wasn't it female called a ram? I mean the male? interviewer: yeah I guess that's right and you took it off both of them 703: #1 oh yes it didn't make any # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 difference # interviewer: #2 oh it didn't # 703: uh-uh interviewer: then uh the lamb did 703: #1 in the # interviewer: #2 you # 703: summer time when it became to commence to get hot my father had what he called shears wool shears to shear the sheep and he'd get get 'em in the barn catch 'em one by one lay 'em up there on uh on a plank up on a shelf like thing tie their feet together and shear down close to the skin and that that made it a lot cooler and also it ga- he'd sell the wool my grandmother didn't want so much of it interviewer: did you dye it? 703: she did interviewer: what'd she dye it with? 703: I don't know interviewer: maybe she used berries of some kind you think? 703: she might have interviewer: did she ever make any uh matching coat and pants for the men to wear? 703: not that I know of nobody ever made those things those in those days {NW} you bought 'em what you had my father said well now I guess my grandmother did make him clothes to wear because I remember him saying that he was a great big boy getting towards manhood and he g- had his first bought suit interviewer: what about their clothes how are they different from what they are now what did they wear? 703: they wear suits I can show you what my father {D: loved when he was life more than that} interviewer: long dress isn't it 703: {D: marry each other} lower #1 eight eighteen # interviewer: #2 what was it # 703: {D: gore} interviewer: door 703: {D: and letting half sleeves} interviewer: what's in the neck line of it? over there 703: well it looks like lace or something but I really don't know cause all that I saw was a picture see how papa's co- tie and collar different to what there is now #1 and his watch chain # interviewer: #2 what's this # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: went down to his vest there and pocket vest pocket my husband even had that interviewer: what kind of shoes did he have? 703: well I don't know they just they just looked like leather shoes interviewer: boots or something 703: #1 uh-huh they were t- # interviewer: #2 like that maybe # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: that was before my father and mother was married they were going to school one morning that and that's the way she was dressed {D: and they met that robe in} {B} and he took that picture of 'em interviewer: well they look good don't they all #1 dressed up for school # 703: #2 and my sister # even thought that was m- my mother's wedding dress my mother's wedding dress had ten yards of um white or cream {D: chally} {D: wool chally} with trimmed with the uh ribbon in the same color two two pieces {D: but had the eighteen door skirt} and but the other was a more like a {D: brass come down like} so to pr- and and her stepmother helped her and they fluted that ribbon all around that and all around the neck and all #1 and it was beautiful # interviewer: #2 {D: beautiful} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: ten yards and the {D: chally} ooh I bought some one time to make one of my daughters a dress and it was all the price I had to pay for it but it back in those times there was nothing high six cents cotton six cents a pound to sell a beat of cotton or maybe four cents a pound and uh but as I said there wasn't anything high but you see for his papa's coat to come to his laundry most of the time {X} interviewer: yeah it is the one that's got the long uh this 703: and my sister even thought I've got two pictures interviewer: oops you dropped something down there 703: {D: one's too big to snow one's my} {C: clacking} Corrine made it this is the original #1 and then # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: Corrine had us all made one cause she thought she got the only one when mama died she thought she got it so she had us all made the children all made this one a little light this is my father when he was young doesn't look like him hardly there does it? interviewer: no but is it it's the same uh background whatever this is #1 right here # 703: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # well photographers carried those things around with 'em interviewer: looks like it's all torn whatever the background is was this another background over here? 703: I d- I don't know but interviewer: looks different doesn't it 703: but they carried stuff around with 'em for to make a background this one's just darker this was the original and this a sister had made for us and my neighbor over here in his west had it all the time now she died her s- her sister sent it up to me interviewer: if um suits had pockets in 'em you stuff a load of things in the pockets you might say that they what 703: well they they had handkerchiefs that they'd put in their pockets and keys or something like that interviewer: and you'd say the pockets were what if they're all spread out it's too tight you'd say the pockets were 703: bulged interviewer: and then uh if you washed it and it got smaller like the 703: #1 it shrank # interviewer: #2 collar on this # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # did you have any terms for when you um when a little girl goes out to a party and getting ready she said she likes to what what'd you call that when you got ready like to what when you put on your best clothes you like to 703: put powder and cream on your face interviewer: yeah I know but when you put on your clothes you like to what what do you call it? when what did you call that 703: well we had talcum powder interviewer: no I'm talking about what did you call when you put on your pretty clothes when you go to a party 703: dressing up interviewer: dressing up did you ever say dolling up or anything like that 703: no we'd just say we dressing interviewer: um what do you call the little small leather thing that women might carry coins to church in 703: a little purse interviewer: and then the real pretty thing that you might wear around your 703: b- bracelet interviewer: and to hold up the men's trousers did they ever wear um this thing that came across 703: suspenders yes they wore 'em a lot my father {NW} never would wear a belt he wore suspenders I reckon as long as he lived he's got 'em on here I'm sure under that vest because he didn't like the belt around his waist some way it didn't feel comfortable I guess because he didn't have it then in his younger days but my husband always wore a belt he never wo- I don't remember ever seeing him with suspenders on interviewer: when it rained what did you hold over your head? 703: well we had umbrellas a parasol whichever way you want to call it interviewer: uh do you remember using anything at the head of a bed that was about twice as long as a pillow? did you ever have anything 703: #1 it was a # interviewer: #2 across there # 703: bol- what what did they call it bolt? {X} no that wasn't it but interviewer: bolster maybe? is that what it's called? 703: oh I've seen 'em but I can't think just they were just strictly for for to be pretty interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: they'd stick the pillows inside of 'em in the daytime interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: and back though in my early days they had pillow shams and they had a little pillow to sleep on then they'd have a big pillow that to sit up over the little pillow and then they had a pretty thing that they called {NW} they'd maybe they'd have embroidered and things on and they called pillow sham they'd bl- and they'd put that over the big pillow on the bed but I can't remember what the where they'd put the pillows inside those things called interviewer: did you ever make any of those pretty covers to put on a bed? 703: such as crocheting? interviewer: um yeah and such as taking those squares of material and sewing 'em together 703: no I never made a I I have one over at uh Memphis now a quilt top that I was going to use on the bed over here in and I made it the first winter we came up here called the double wedding {D: rain} then we bought this and and got started to building I was so interested in everything fixing up the house and everything till I never did quilt that at all I was going to use it for uh bedspread like but as a double ring w- uh quilt top and uh so they're quilting over there at that center and she had hers that mama gave her top she had it quilted and I then I sent mine over there to get it quilted but she said Christmas she still had the apartment huh with I'll never get my quilt and they used those on the beds uh quite a bit and yet they had bedspreads but they didn't call 'em bedspreads what did they call interviewer: covers? 703: can't think counterpins counterpanes counterpins interviewer: it was like a spread? 703: yes kinda like the bedspreads are now interviewer: um what about if you made a makeshift sleeping place down on the floor for some 703: #1 that's a pallet # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now let's talk about the difference in the uh different parts of the the field if it had a lot of water standing in it for a good part of the time what'd you call that? real low land like in Louisiana what would you call that? where it's lots of water standing all the time 703: would you call it a slue? interviewer: whatever you know whatever you call it I don't know what it's called 703: slue is usually a thing that comes off from the main river that holds water till and in the summer time and dry up in this part of the country but I don't know anything about what they call it in Louisiana interviewer: what do they call the place where salt hay grows? 703: where what? interviewer: along the sea the salt hay where it's wet 703: did you say salt interviewer: mm-hmm along the sea 703: oh I don't know interviewer: what'd you call the low lying grassland with a low piece running through it 703: I don't know that either interviewer: um what kind of soil would you find in the uh fields? around here here 703: well this is not very rich soil right around here we have to enrich it a lot to get a- to make our garden when we first moved here uh but out at my father's had a red clay based soil and it dried up easy and that's why my mother could plant that garden that year before the fourteenth of February because it dried so fast interviewer: if it's part sand and part clay what do you call it? you don't know um did you ever have any thing that you'd ca- that you dug to carry off the water did you ever have to you know dig anything like that and the fields would carry off the water and what would you call those? 703: I don't remember if I've have anything #1 {D: oh good} # interviewer: #2 oh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # a deep narrow valley cut by a stream of water in the woods or in a field about ten feet deep about ten feet across what would you call that? 703: would you call it a bayou I don't know interviewer: um what would you call a small rise in the land? 703: hill interviewer: if it was a larger rise in the land what would you call it then? like Pike's Peak it's a larger 703: #1 oh # interviewer: #2 rise # 703: well that's a mountain interviewer: and um up in the mountains when a road goes across in a low place you'd call it a don't have any idea um what do you call where boats stop and uh form which freight is unloaded 703: well we got that on Arkansas River interviewer: what do you call those? 703: I don't know boat landing? I don't know I just know that since they made all those things across Arkansas River but you know they do have boats now that's going up and down the Arkansas River delivering and picking up the other day one sank with so many tons of rice you know bar- barges interviewer: the place 703: #1 besides # interviewer: #2 where # 703: a boat uh barge {D: pull itch you know} interviewer: what do you call a place where a lot of water falls over 703: where a lot of water? interviewer: mm-hmm it falls along this it's a {X} you were talking to my son about the the roads being so bad and not being paved and all what do you call the the little road that would take off of a big road maybe 703: trails it'd be a lot of the time they'd have just a trail through the woods somewhere to go somewhere you know #1 close # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: by by but now that water business I can't think at all about that #1 it's uh it's # interviewer: #2 what about the # 703: called an overflow isn't it where you have a big amount of rain on the land and #1 and # interviewer: #2 what if # you get it before what if you just got a natural one that's pretty to look at 703: natural what interviewer: lots of water 703: #1 well # interviewer: #2 coming down # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # falling to the ground um 703: you ha- you can have 'em have lakes of water if you have too big of s- of something place you can call it a lake but uh interviewer: what are the uh important roads around Watson Chapel made of one that wouldn't be so important wouldn't be used too much would be what kind of a road 703: like the warner boys puts out what is that interviewer: was it asphalt? 703: asphalt #1 {D: or wasp} # interviewer: #2 and one that would # be used a whole lot might have that white stuff on it it'd be made out of like sidewalks are made out of 703: oh concrete interviewer: that what would you call that on a road? 703: I never knew but one concrete road and that was the first one that was ever built between here and Little Rock and it's just wide enough for one car and they call it just called it uh {D: doll way road} and it was made out of concrete but I don't see any made out of concrete this day and time do you? any roads? interviewer: some of 'em but they're those big highways 703: are they? interviewer: mm-hmm they have those seams between 'em what do you do you have a special name for the thing that people walk on along the side of the street that's paved it's just for 703: #1 sidewalk # interviewer: #2 walking # is that what you call it did you c- ever call it anything else? 703: that's all I ever call it sidewalk interviewer: um 703: Clarence got an asphalt drive up to her house don't you know interviewer: that's right 703: but we've got a concrete drive here I wasn't thinking about it carport and the #1 driveway is # interviewer: #2 {D: that's true} # 703: concrete interviewer: did you ever have any pets? as a child 703: yes interviewer: what were some 703: #1 little # interviewer: #2 of your pets # 703: kittens and little goslings interviewer: goslings she 703: #1 and mama'd go to # interviewer: #2 ever have any dogs # 703: mama'd go to feed the little goslings and I'd always tag along with her tag along with her and get her to let me hold 'em in the hand they were so soft and sweet and I just loved 'em to death and uh the old goose would by yourself like a child she'd flog you when you'd go to pick up those goslings and uh but somehow I managed to get a hold of one through the fence some way I g- it must have come through where I could reach it so the old goose wouldn't flog you with her wings and I carried it around by it's little head I was that young till I just carried it around by its head and neck till I choked it to death mama found me with it it was already dead and said she'd just let me carry it that day because I just loved 'em so much I didn't know whether it was dead I just carried it interviewer: did you ever have any dogs? 703: I didn't ever care for dogs my husband has had a few since we'd been married and my father always kept big old what he called ho- uh hog dogs he'd take in the woods to help trail up his #1 hogs # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um 703: he even bought some back in his day but my husband never did have never raised hogs or anything on just some to eat and uh we we never had we had a dog when we moved here to Watson Chapel something happened to it I don't know what but it just {D: just taken off I think} cause it barked at night and disturbed the neighbors and I think they just took it off maybe killed it or throwed it away and then Anne had a little little dog a little bitty poodle like dog and it got killed on the highway over th- first year we lived here and uh then she had one here after we moved to this place here see we rented the first year we were at Watson Chapel and bought this van till we could get the house built and uh um uh same w- girl that give it to her run over it out here on the road and killed it and that's all the dogs that oh yeah and somebody give my husband a dog call and he called it Pat just a little dog and he thought and it was a bit ragged dog and he thought a lot of that little old Pat but as for me I never cared for dogs I I like the kittens when I was young and when I got older I didn't care for cats either much e- that I've never wanted anim- I've never wanted any of it in my house cats or dogs interviewer: do you have a name for a dog that uh was of mixed breed what'd you call that what you say 703: no I don't know interviewer: {X} 703: #1 cause # interviewer: #2 uh # 703: most dogs back in those days were mixed breed interviewer: would you call it a mutt or anything like that? a worthless or a noisy dog what'd you call it did 703: well I've heard people call dogs a mutt but we never papa had names for his hog dogs a special name so did my husband have a name for his dog interviewer: um 703: they had had two dogs when she had pa- got grounded and the- one was Bob and one was Shorty one didn't have any tail at all called it Bob and the other one was Shorty and we'd we took 'em over here and somebody killed Bob that very first summer and we kept Shorty till he got real old interviewer: you said you had horses on your farm? 703: mm-hmm horses and mules interviewer: well what um did you have any females? 703: n- never had any colts born #1 so # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: I know though we did have a #1 mare or # interviewer: #2 what'd you # 703: two #1 but we # interviewer: #2 yeah # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: just never did have any colts interviewer: did you have any males? 703: yes I think we had one one horse that we rode was ma- was a male and one was a female interviewer: what was the male one called was it what would you call that? would you call it a stallion or 703: uh yeah they're stallions but we never had nothing like that that'd cut up like a stallion on papa's farm so maybe they were w- both mares that we c- hook to a buggy and and drove cause my husband here had two big quiet mares that he used to pick up logs to carry to the mill back here behind the house back where it's all woods now can't find anything but just a sawdust pile and he had two big quiet mares and uh one had a colt and h- when he bought him man that bought him from wouldn't tell him that that one's gonna have a po- a foal they call it and uh so when this little foal came why it was bay instead of white like i- like its mother it was a bay red colored but they just they call it bay and he was the meanest thing he was so mean you just didn't dare get around him or anything till after he was castrated then he got just as tiny and my husband could work him at the mill got a picture of Anne on his back but oo he'd bite he'd kick he'd do everything before that was done to him so that's why I said I know my father didn't have any such things so they b- must have both been mares interviewer: did you ever fall off one? 703: mm-mm I never did ride it just mares #1 and # interviewer: #2 before # you were married 703: I #1 never did # interviewer: #2 {D: yep} # 703: fall off uh-uh and I've galloped 'em too that's that's when they do this way just go in a interviewer: what'd you put on their feet to uh 703: horseshoes interviewer: what do you call that part of the foot that you put it on 703: hoof interviewer: and um what was the game that you played with horseshoes what'd you call that game did you ever play a game 703: #1 pitching # interviewer: #2 with it # 703: horseshoes interviewer: mm-hmm the um castrated male hog did you ever have a another 703: #1 that was # interviewer: #2 name # for it 703: well the it was a boar before it was castrated interviewer: but would you call it anything? 703: I can't think of it do you? interviewer: what are what do the uh hogs have on their back those uh stiff uh 703: bristles is that what you #1 call it # interviewer: #2 yeah # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and then the big teeth they have on on on the 703: they were teeth {X} interviewer: did any of 'em ever have it have those big teeth? 703: they did until they got old and then tushies #1 they'd have # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: if they you let 'em get old they'd catch you when they'd come out {C: ringing} interviewer: let's start with uh 703: surely this won't take {D: this is one of my husband's passed away uh they've got papas and mamas dead spoke} interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 703: #2 in that # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # just stay and stay and stay interviewer: oh that's real nice aren't they 703: it says rest in peace interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and then I got this bigger one and {D: it cost} it said rest in peace it'll be on the sunset #1 that's the sweetest thing # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: now his picture was in color and it didn't make good interviewer: oh it's a good picture but it'd look nicely in there 703: no it's blurred don't you see #1 his eyes are all blurred # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # 703: and everything interviewer: it's not something you could really keep 703: mm-hmm I got papa's #1 mom to do that # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: {D: don't know why in the world I didn't do leaves I had never heard leaves} {D: when Layton} drowned I never had heard of those #1 things # interviewer: #2 oh # really um the thing that you put food in for a hog would be a what 703: trough interviewer: alright if you have a name for a hog that's grown up wild what do you call it? 703: well I don't know #1 just wild hogs # interviewer: #2 the one that would # 703: but uh my father didn't have wild hogs I said he went down to the woods and carried corn called 'em up and kept 'em tame and and marked 'em in his mark interviewer: the noise made by the calf when it's being weaned? what do you call the noise a calf makes? 703: what do we call a calf when she she interviewer: what did she make? #1 what kind of noise does she make? # 703: #2 that's what I said what does she # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # what'd we call a calf a bawler didn't it #1 and a calf # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: would be bawling wouldn't it #1 cause for exam- # interviewer: #2 what about at # feeding time the gentle noise of the cow 703: mooing interviewer: and the uh noise of the horse that the horse makes 703: when it's eating? interviewer: uh any time #1 a gentle noise # 703: #2 they neigh # interviewer: okay a gentle noise 703: a what interviewer: a gentle noise that it makes 703: I don't know I just know they neigh #1 when # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: they want something or some time interviewer: maybe they'd be standing there making a little gentle noise what would you call that do you have anything for that 703: huh-uh didn't know they did it interviewer: um what would you call the group of horses mules and cows 703: {D: they're awfully light} {D: made of sharp speech} interviewer: tape seven play after tape six what is it you call the animals like cows horses and mules so forth when you had to g- go out and feed 703: now you want me to give interviewer: again we didn't get that a minute ago 703: I ju- I j- we just always said we had to go tend to the stock or feed the cows #1 and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and and the men fed the horses {C: interviewer coughing} I never fed the horses but interviewer: if you're going to feed the hens turkeys geese and so forth you have a name for all of 'em you're going to go out to feed 703: I would go out and and pick up the eggs and and give corn to the chickens Mama never #1 did have # interviewer: #2 did you have # a name for all of 'em? chickens turkeys 703: mama never had any turkeys she had some geese interviewer: geese did you have a name #1 for all of 'em # 703: #2 but I didn't # feed them interviewer: #1 well if # 703: #2 we had # interviewer: somebody did what would you call it went out to feed the what 703: go out to feed the interviewer: what'd you call 'em did you call 'em anything well what'd you call a hen on a nest of eggs 703: setting interviewer: and um a place where the chickens lived what'd you call that 703: hen house #1 well see I never # interviewer: #2 what was the uh # 703: I never fed nothing but the ch- but the chickens interviewer: the part of the chickens that was supposed to be lucky when you ate the chickens what was what was the lucky bone what did you what did you call that 703: uh that well what did we call it interviewer: what did you call it did you call it a wishbone? 703: wishbone interviewer: uh what do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you eat like the liver the heart and the gizzard #1 chicken # 703: #2 gib- # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # giblets interviewer: and the part that you sometimes eat and you so sometimes stuff sausage in was called 703: the cavity in the chicken interviewer: no no this isn't on a chicken this is on a uh a hog 703: oh interviewer: the part that you eat and you sometimes stuff sausage in 703: oh well interviewer: maybe you didn't eat that part of it 703: no my mother always put her sausage up in sacks #1 made out # interviewer: #2 no # I'm talking about 703: #1 but uh # interviewer: #2 what # part of the animal did it come from? what'd you call it you called it the 703: to make sausage #1 out of? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: uh Papa took all the lean from down the back where we called T-bone #1 now # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and uh or T is it T-bone in the in uh calves uh well anyway all that back instead of being cut up well he'd that went into backbone and he took all the lean meat in there and put it in a sausage trimmed the hams and the shoulders put the lean meat and sauce and some fat but not too much interviewer: did you ever use the insides of the hog for anything? some people did 703: my {X} used those intestines and cleaned 'em and stuffed her sausage in that and then smoked it interviewer: well what did you call that? 703: I don't know #1 cause my mother # interviewer: #2 did you call it just # intestines is that what you'd call it? 703: no that's not what she called it but I don't know cause my mother never done it interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and then the chitlins interviewer: mm-hmm 703: uh some people m- it ate chitlins and my mother never m- fixed none of those things I never ate a bite of one in my life interviewer: mm-hmm oh 703: but my sister in law just loves them did like 'em so much she can't eat 'em anymore interviewer: if it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you'd say it is if it was time to do that to feed the stock to do the chores you say it {X} 703: time to time to go uh go out and and feed #1 well # interviewer: #2 What kind of time # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # okay did you call it feeding time? 703: mm-hmm interviewer: um what how did you call a cows what call did you use? or any one of the family 703: I can't remember interviewer: #1 if you call a pasture # 703: #2 let's see how did he # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: if it what did you call the how did you call a calf? or if you didn't but do you know how someone else did it in the family? 703: we just drove 'em where we wanted 'em to go interviewer: okay you didn't call 'em uh what'd you say to a mule or a horse to make him go left and right 703: hee haw interviewer: and 703: #1 hee w- # interviewer: #2 we # 703: hee was for one side and haw for the other #1 other # interviewer: #2 hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # maybe that's where they got that name for that TV program 703: maybe so interviewer: I didn't know that what did you call to the horses when you trying to get 'em from the pasture did you ever have any type of a call? none you just went out and drove 'em in? 703: #1 went out and put her {C: bump} # interviewer: #2 did # 703: bridle on brought 'em in or something {C: bumps} interviewer: um when you wanted a horse to to move for you what did you say to him 703: get up interviewer: #1 did you ever call # 703: #2 that you'd take the # #1 take the reins # interviewer: #2 mm mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 that's the # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: thing that goes down the back interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and kinda p- give 'em a little of that say get up interviewer: and then to stop him or to back him up you'd 703: just we'd just pull tight on the reins and and stop without saying anything as far as I remember interviewer: mm-hmm what about the call to pigs when you're getting ready to feed them 703: my papa did have a call for that sooey? #1 sooey? # interviewer: #2 sooey? # 703: #1 sooey sooey? # interviewer: #2 sooey? # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh what about call to sheep was there any call to sheep that you know of 703: uh-uh interviewer: a call to chickens? 703: chick chick chick chick chick chick chick interviewer: um whenever your father went out to get the horses ready for driving or plowing he said he had to go out to 703: put the harness on interviewer: and when you were riding the horse you had to put your feet 703: in the stirrups especially if you're older astride if you rode side saddled you couldn't get your feet interviewer: now if you were riding the horse and all of a sudden you slipped and you fell and you fell like this you fell 703: backwards interviewer: and if you fell like this you fell 703: forwards I remember they uh the side saddle didn't have stirrups but it had a thing up th- that you put y- leg up this way over {X} interviewer: the big um trenches cut by plow what did you call those 703: furrows interviewer: and if you wanted to get rid of brush and trees on the land you said you did what 703: clearing interviewer: and if it was the second cutting of clover of grass what did you call the old dry dead grass that's left over on the ground in the spring 703: I don't know #1 pap- # interviewer: #2 you # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: papa never cut it #1 a second time # interviewer: #2 you said you # never raised wheat but the wheat was if it was tied up it was tied up into what 703: into bundles interviewer: and then the bundles or sheaves are piled up into what would you call it when you piled 'em up they were piled up into a standing pile what was that called? 703: I don't know I've seen corn #1 shocked # interviewer: #2 uh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # okay 703: mm-hmm I #1 started to say I had # interviewer: #2 and # 703: seen corn in shock interviewer: if you were putting those the corn up into baskets and you were measuring it you might say we we raised forty 703: bushels interviewer: of wheat to an acre or corn to an acre um what do you gotta do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it 703: papa never raised any oats except just for green pasture interviewer: what's it called when you separate it? 703: I don't know interviewer: uh 703: he he'd raise it and and just turn stock fe- on it in the spring to let 'em graze it down interviewer: mm-hmm 703: don't think I ever knew of him cutting any oats interviewer: if something belongs to me you say it's 703: mine interviewer: but if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's 703: ours interviewer: if it belongs to them it's 703: theirs interviewer: if it belongs to him it's 703: his interviewer: if it belongs to her it's 703: hers interviewer: when people have been to visit you and they're about to leave you say to them 703: uh interviewer: come back again 703: come back #1 again # interviewer: #2 you say # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what do you say to a meet 703: I say we're glad to have had you come back again interviewer: alright but you might say y- you might point to 'em or you might have your hand out and say y- 703: {X} well we're sure g- glad to had you and uh come back again real soon or something like that and then say goodbye interviewer: you say y'all come back again? 703: #1 well # interviewer: #2 or you could say # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 might # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: you all don't s- that's what they said th- that they accused us saying for one person but in the south say you all #1 for just # interviewer: #2 hmm # 703: one but I never did when I said you all it was more than one interviewer: um if you're asking about people at a party you would say if you wanted to know the people that'd been there instead of saying you all been there you would say you were asking someone you wanted to know the people that had been there at the party what would you say 703: who all was at the party interviewer: and when you're asking about a speaker's remarks you might say that he 703: #1 they made a # interviewer: #2 said # 703: good speech interviewer: yeah but if you're asking about all the things that he said you might say you might say to me 703: what did he talk about #1 or # interviewer: #2 yeah # you might say what did he talk about or would you say what all did he say? would you say something like that 703: {D: huh-uh} interviewer: uh we I asked you about some of the kinds of bread that were made from flour that maybe you've had as a child or a different type kinds of bread can you name some different kinds of bread that you 703: well interviewer: besides yeast bread I remember you mentioned that last 703: #1 ma- # interviewer: #2 night # 703: uh biscuits and yeast bread interviewer: did you have anything else any um 703: sometimes grandmother Griffin would make uh {C: name} uh the m- like biscuits out of her yeast and they called 'em what did they call 'em {D: yeaster} muffins no interviewer: if it was baked in loaves 703: #1 well it was loaf bread # interviewer: #2 what did you call it # alright uh when it was made to rise with yeast you called it 703: yeast bread interviewer: um any other kind of ba- uh bread that was baked in a pan? what would you call that 703: well uh corn bread? interviewer: yeah that would be one that would be um 703: #1 baked in a # interviewer: #2 made of cornmeal # but I'm talking about any others made of wheat that you might bake in a pan did you ever have anything like that? 703: nothing unless you made cake interviewer: mm-hmm uh 703: #1 or cookie # interviewer: #2 what about # other kinds of cornmeal breads and cakes made out of cornmeal 703: I've made muffins same thing as cornbread only cooked it in a muffin tin #1 and # interviewer: #2 what's a # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: I think there's was rolls that my husband's mother made with the yeast bread #1 kind of a roll # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what's a corn dodger? 703: corn dodger I don't know interviewer: now there were two kinds of bread #1 after you got older there was # 703: #2 oh yes there was two kinds of bread made out of # interviewer: a homemade bread and then the kind you bought at the store and you call that 703: I haven't bought any you're talking about meal or m- flour interviewer: no I'm talking about bread whenever you you used to make it at home and there was homemade bread and then what'd you call the kind that you went and bought at the store? what do you call it now? 703: loaf bread like that I make my sandwich out of interviewer: did you ever call it town bread or anything like that? 703: mm-mm interviewer: um what about the uh bread that was fried in deep fat with a hole in the center? might have it for breakfast #1 little round # 703: #2 what is it # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: what do you call those little round things with the hole in the center and 703: donuts? interviewer: yeah are those what you had is that what you call 'em? or crooners? have you ever heard 'em called 703: #1 crullers # interviewer: #2 that # 703: #1 crullers # interviewer: #2 {X} # something like that is that the same thing to you? and what about the batter that you fry three or four at a time even put syrup and butter on 'em 703: that's some people call hot cakes mama called 'em pancakes interviewer: and when you needed flour at the store you went to the store to buy two 703: two two interviewer: two what of flour? 703: a bag of flour at a #1 time # interviewer: #2 no # by the weight you could bought two uh or five or ten 703: oh well that wasn't back in my early days you can now you can buy five ten to twen- and we used to buy a twenty four pound bag all the time when when we had a family #1 over there # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: but you don't even see that in the stores anymore five and #1 ten pounds # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the inside part of an egg the yellow 703: #1 yolk # interviewer: #2 part # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the um the yolk is what color 703: golden yellow interviewer: and if you cook 'em in hot water what do you call it? 703: boiling interviewer: and if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells in the hot water what are what kind are they? 703: many times have I done that haven't done it for a way interviewer: fat salt pork what do you call that 703: fat salt pork interviewer: yeah 703: what do you call it we just we just called it uh side meat interviewer: when you cut the side of a hog what did you call that? 703: say that again? interviewer: when you cut the side of a hog what did you call it? 703: part of it was fat and just used strictly for cooking boiling and food and y- it's that time and then maybe the lower part'd be smoked for bacon interviewer: okay so you called it a what a an the kind you slice thin to eat with eggs you might call that what 703: well you could buy uh you could buy the salt pork to eat with it or you could uh fry the bacon to eat with eggs interviewer: mm-hmm and the outside of the bacon is called the 703: skin or rind interviewer: the kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain 703: is that hot dogs? interviewer: well it's the li- the one that comes from the hog 703: oh like I was talking about miss {B} well interviewer: the s- 703: #1 she that # interviewer: #2 sa- # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 she # interviewer: #2 sausage # isn't it 703: she she just called it uh stuffing #1 sausage # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 in to these # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: uh after she'd clean these intestines real good and soaked 'em in saltwater for ever so long and then she'd stuff the sausage in there with a machi- little machine and then she'd smoke 'em #1 after they # interviewer: #2 the # 703: dried a while she'd smoke 'em interviewer: the man who kills and sells the meat is called was called the 703: butcher interviewer: and if the meat had been kept too long you'd say the meat 703: #1 spoiled # interviewer: #2 has done # what now after you butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from its head 703: souse interviewer: and what do you call a dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver 703: I don't know I never had any of it interviewer: sausage or liver sausage or 703: #1 never had it # interviewer: #2 anything # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # did you ever make anything out of a hog's blood 703: no interviewer: did somebody else do it? 703: no interviewer: um did you ever take the juice of the head cheese or the liver sausage and stir it up with cornmeal maybe some hog meat and cook it and then later after it gets cold slice it and fry it? 703: no ma'am interviewer: um suppose you kept butter too long and it didn't taste good what do you call it? 703: rancid interviewer: the thick sour milk that you keep on hand is called 703: buttermilk or clabber {X} interviewer: the kind of cheese that you make from it from clabbered milk 703: I've been usually keep that all the time now I can't call it I don't have it right now can't think what is it interviewer: did you call it cottage cheese? 703: cottage cheese interviewer: um after you've milked the first thing you did after milking 703: strain that milk interviewer: and 703: to get any thing that might have be in it out sometimes you'd strain it two or three times through or two through two or three portions of uh cloth thicknesses of cloth interviewer: what did you bake in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on the top? 703: deep dish apple pie interviewer: uh if somebody had a good appetite and you'd say he sure likes to put away his like that he good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his 703: food interviewer: what do you call the sweet liquid that you pour over pudding 703: sauce interviewer: food taken between meals you might call it what 703: snack interviewer: what do people drink for breakfast most people 703: coffee #1 tea # interviewer: #2 how do you # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # how do you make it 703: you can brew it in a pot or use it to percolate it or just brew it in a plain old coffeepot now we have instant coffee and I still have uh percolator and I've got a new one and yet you drink instant coffee for dinner interviewer: I sure did if uh food's been cooked and served a second time you'd say it's been 703: leftovers interviewer: the dish made out of boiled Indian meal and some kind of liquid or a kind of pudding made of cornmeal and water 703: corn pudding interviewer: the um what do you call peas beets and the like you grow 'em in a 703: grow 'em in a garden interviewer: mm-kay but what do you call peas beets and the like what do you call all those things carrots 703: #1 vegetables # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um in the south it's a white food that we sometimes have for breakfast and it's made from ground corn and boiled and it's white you serve it with salt pepper and butter and sometimes gravy what do you call that stuff 703: grits grits interviewer: alright and the the uh food the grain that's grown in Arkansas that has to have water in the fields? 703: what kind of grain interviewer: yes 703: uh interviewer: the one that uh we put the water over and uh we boil it and we serve it maybe along with some a little bit of butter on it and 703: boil boiled corn interviewer: no the grain the um uh it's a staple food of the Chinese and Japanese the little white grains and they grow it in the 703: rice interviewer: yeah and what are some names for non-tax paid alcoholic beverages 703: non-taxed interviewer: yeah non-taxed back in the long time ago the man used to make it out there on his farm and and he didn't pay taxes on it what'd you call it then 703: bootlegging interviewer: yeah and uh what'd you call the stuff he made 703: alcohol whiskey I guess interviewer: you call it whiskey? did you call it moonshine or 703: yeah they called it moonshine interviewer: moonshine 703: {D: for it} when they were doing it ille- ille- illegal interviewer: yeah that's what I was talking about and uh you crush this cane you boil the juice to make 703: #1 molasses # interviewer: #2 what # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and what do you call the sweet sticky liquid that you put on your pancakes 703: syrup interviewer: if it isn't imitation maple syrup you'd say it's gen- 703: genuine #1 maple syrup # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # when sugar isn't prepackaged but weighed out of a barrel you'd say it's sold 703: by the pound interviewer: if it was what about crackers they were sold 703: by the pound interviewer: a long #1 time ago # 703: #2 long # time ago interviewer: #1 uh # 703: #2 they were # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: they were sold by the pound but uh they didn't come in a package so you said they were sold 703: they're just sold loose interviewer: #1 loose yeah # 703: #2 when you put 'em in a # interviewer: #1 yeah # 703: #2 bag # interviewer: yeah loose uh the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice of apples or peaches or strawberries 703: preserves or jelly interviewer: mm-hmm and the two things that you use to season your food with that you usually put on the table 703: butter interviewer: two things that you sprinkle 703: oh sugar and salt uh salt and pepper interviewer: oh the uh inside a cherry you have the seed or what do you call the inside of the cherry? 703: pit interviewer: alright and what did you call the inside of a peach? 703: pit interviewer: the kind of the peaches where the flesh is tight against the stone did you have a name for them 703: {C: I don't know humming} there was freestone interviewer: okay that's the one where it's not 703: uh-huh and they uh cling peaches interviewer: the part of the apple that you threw away 703: core interviewer: when you cut up apples or peaches and you dry them you're making 703: dried fruit interviewer: and the a- whole the kinds of nuts what kinds of nuts do you have 703: #1 here in this part of the w- # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 Arkansas # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: pecans and walnuts {C: bumps} it's all I know in this part of the country interviewer: what about the kind that uh was flat and oval and you might buy 'em at Christmas time they don't grow around here 703: some in there interviewer: almonds 703: almonds interviewer: um the kind of fruit that would grow in Florida 703: the grapefruit oranges limes melons interviewer: did you ever grow any little tiny red vegetables that were real hot that you pull out of the ground? 703: pepper interviewer: yeah but the little uh hot red ones the red ones they're they 703: cayenne pepper interviewer: sometimes they're not no not peppers but uh sometimes these little uh vegetables they look kinda like a a sp- they're red and white they look like a little they're real small and you put 'em in the a dish 703: #1 radish # interviewer: #2 maybe to # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # yeah and then the did you ever grow the the red vegetable that grew on a vine yeah you slice it and have it in a sandwich 703: red? interviewer: put it in yeah you put it in your salad lettuce and 703: tomato interviewer: now what did you call the little bitty ones 703: well #1 people used # interviewer: #2 what'd you # 703: to call 'em tomatoes {C: Tom a toes} the- but they're just small tomatoes they're just a variety of a tomato interviewer: what do you call the strong thing that makes tears in your eyes a strong vegetable 703: onions interviewer: and the vegetable that we picked and it was long and thin and you 703: #1 cucumbers # interviewer: #2 make a gumbo # out of it 703: #1 make a # interviewer: #2 gumbo # 703: oh okra interviewer: and if you leave an apple or a plum around it'll dry up and you say the skin of that dried apple was all 703: withered interviewer: and the large heaping le- uh heads of a vegetable instead of being a lettuce would be a something similar to a lettuce would be the heads of 703: cabbage? interviewer: Mm-hmm and the the bean that you was telling me about names that you said you were going 703: #1 bunch bean # interviewer: #2 to tell me # okay that was the early one did you 703: #1 that # interviewer: #2 say # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: that came first and then the Kentucky wonder came later interviewer: if you were going to put two bunches of lettuce you'd say you ha- you have got two 703: heads of lettuce interviewer: now if you're joking about boys and girls you might say you have two boys and three girls and you have would you ever say heads of children? would you ever use it that way? you never used it that way did you ever have any other name for a group of children several 703: some people call children kids but we didn't interviewer: would you ever call 'em a passel? 703: no interviewer: uh #1 the outside of an ear of corn # 703: #2 we used to call 'em children # if they were our children or our grandchildren interviewer: the outside of an ear of corn was 703: shucks interviewer: and then the kind that you ate on the cob 703: that was boiled corn interviewer: and the top of the corn stalk 703: had silks interviewer: alright 703: uh no tassels #1 at the top # interviewer: #2 tassels # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and each ear had silk silks interviewer: the large round fruit that you make a jack-o-lantern out of 703: pumpkin interviewer: and something similar but the it's has yellow meat on the inside and uh it's good maybe to have for breakfast you might have had it in a a type of melon what kind was it 703: oh cantaloupe interviewer: and 703: or marsh melon interviewer: did you ever see this little tiny plant that came up in the spring in the woods underneath the leaves and we don't eat them 703: uh mushrooms? interviewer: yeah now the kind that you don't eat you had one name for maybe and the kind that you do eat 703: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 you had a name for it # 703: called 'em something toads didn't we {C: bump} interviewer: toads- 703: #1 toadstools # interviewer: #2 tools # 703: and you better not eat if you don't know what you're doing you'll die from poison and I never ate one in my life except these bought ones interviewer: uh the large green things that are similar to a cantaloupe were 703: watermelon interviewer: what kinds and what did you eat and what kinds of meat and what kinds of seeds did they have in terms of the different kinds of 703: well they had reddish pink meat some of 'em have white seeds and some dark seeds is that what #1 you mean # interviewer: #2 yeah # and did you have any special kind that you grew? 703: well my father grew what they called a rattlesnake it had on the rind outside it kinda had lines and curved in a little called rattle #1 snake melon # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and then he blu- uh grew a great big round green melon I don't know what that wa- what they called it but it was just a #1 great big round green melon # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and they're the most expensive kind they didn't have these like they have it these stores here in town now in the summer time my father never raised any of those they {D: with say sin rights} interviewer: if a man has a sore throat and it's so sore the inside of his throat was all swollen you'd say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't 703: swallow it interviewer: what do people smoke? two different things they smoke 703: tobacco interviewer: the little ones 703: cigarettes interviewer: mm-hmm and the bigger fat ones 703: cigars interviewer: and somebody offers to do you a favor you s- you say I appreciate it but I don't wanna be 703: beholden to you? interviewer: what kind of animals come and raid hen roosts? 703: minks will interviewer: did you have a name for all of 'em what'd you call 'em? 703: rodents interviewer: um how many different kinds of squirrels do we have in this country? 703: two #1 gray # interviewer: #2 more than two # 703: gray and fox interviewer: okay the owl that ho- the uh bird that hoots at night 703: owl interviewer: did you call it just an owl or did you call it a hoot owl 703: there's hoot owl and there's uh about three varieties of owls in this country one's a hoot owl and one's ano- a screech owl #1 and # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the um small kind of squirrel but it doesn't climb trees and leaves 703: #1 that looks # interviewer: #2 this # 703: kinda uh #1 like they have out west # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: what did they call #1 that # interviewer: #2 chip- # -munk I think is what you said this morning so what do you call the little turtle that lives only on dry land what did you call it the one that maybe you had as a pet or your children had as a pet 703: Donna had one {C: name} I never did I played with it oh interviewer: do you call it a terrapin? 703: terrapin they said they're really what you said first though interviewer: a turtle? 703: turtle say that there no such thing as terrapin they're a turtle form of a turtle interviewer: the 703: but we called 'em terrapins {C: bump} interviewer: from the sea you get small animal in a shell that has pearls growing in it 703: #1 that's oysters # interviewer: #2 {X} # alright and uh the animal that makes the noise at the pond at night the croaking noise 703: frog interviewer: and then the little tiny ones you hear in the spring what do you call those? 703: water fro- water wa- water frogs or water I only know to say water frogs they're water something though interviewer: did you have any other names for 'em? 703: just what I said they're interviewer: okay 703: uh there's something else you do besides frogs oh t- tadpoles wasn't it? weren't they? interviewer: and the little brown one that lives in the garden that has warts on it 703: well that's just a a regular little garden frog {D: ye} it lives on #1 insects # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and down at the ground you find things to go fishing with like 703: worms interviewer: did you have a special name for any of 'em? 703: no interviewer: what about the little uh in freshwater streams the little thing with claws? can swim backwards what do you call those you f- you fish with those too would you call 'em cr- craw- 703: crawdads #1 crawfish # interviewer: #2 and then # 703: we called 'em some people'd call 'em a crawdad interviewer: okay both names and the fan tail sea animals that sometimes you have maybe with a dip or sometimes you can fry 'em and 703: #1 that's fish but # interviewer: #2 they're a little # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # yeah it's a type of fish and they 703: #1 is it # interviewer: #2 drag a # net and uh you can buy a few pounds of 'em and they're transparent you can almost see 'em and they're kind of a pinkish color thin and transparent and very small they have a little you usually eat the curved part of it and it's kind of a pink color 703: {D: I don't know} interviewer: the insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into it at night when you grab it the little powder comes off on your hands it flies little wings with powder comes off what about the one in the daytime that flies around lands on flowers the little insect that has the pretty wings you know a butterfly does that 703: oh yes interviewer: okay what do you call the ones at night? 703: well they make l- little lights out interviewer: no not that what I'm talking about the one with wings that flies at night it's not a butter butterflies in the day time and 703: does you're not talking about that where you used to see so many lights they'd make them little lights interviewer: no well what are the ones that c- what are the ones that make the lights? 703: oh we used to just have the biggest time catching them and I can't call the name of 'em do you? interviewer: they fight well I I call 'em a lightning bug 703: #1 yeah that's what I w- # interviewer: #2 but some people # 703: #1 call it # interviewer: #2 call 'em a # firefly 703: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 which # 703: #1 firefly or th- # interviewer: #2 did you call it # 703: we called 'em lightning bugs interviewer: yeah um there's a little thin-bodied insect that would go over the water and has real shiny wings and it would fly real fast over the water 703: that would that be a bird? interviewer: no this was a little insect 703: oh a little #1 insect # interviewer: #2 yeah # and it hovers around damp places and it and it eats mosquitoes 703: oh interviewer: it has a hard brittle little beak and two pairs of shiny wings two pairs of wings on each side two little thin sets of wings shiny they fly over the water real fast 703: {D: I don't know} interviewer: um the stinging kinds of insects what kind of insects do we have that sting around here 703: wasps and bees interviewer: the one that makes a big nest in a tree 703: #1 hornets # interviewer: #2 great big # yeah um 703: I haven't seen a hornet's nest though in a many a year interviewer: what about the ones that build the nests on the ground and swarm over you 703: what are they called it'd be uh bores a hole in the ground and makes it just like a wasps nest in the #1 ground # interviewer: #2 we'd call 'em # yellow jackets 703: yellow jackets uh-huh interviewer: the kind that a different insect that bites you at night and would carry malaria 703: skeet mosquito interviewer: the little tiny insect that left red welts on your body 703: ants interviewer: no the little tiny ones that crawl all over you you'd be covered with 'em and you #1 wouldn't know # 703: #2 ticks # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: ticks and what else the uh little red ones and if you 703: #1 chiggers # interviewer: #2 didn't # mm-hmm uh the insect that hops through the grass it'd be 703: #1 grasshoppers # interviewer: #2 green # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # a small fish used for bait 703: there's another question I know it but I can't answer it interviewer: um what do you call the thing that you find stretched across the corners of a room that a spider makes 703: web now I gotta go and get ready honey interviewer: okay let's stop #1 there then # 703: #2 see it's fif- # teen till two and I've just got forty-five minutes interviewer: that you had to finish 703: I got I got something #1 written # interviewer: #2 um # 703: down in that purse so I interviewer: the name of the 703: {D: top water} interviewer: fish that was used for bait 703: topwaters interviewer: uh part of the tree that's underneath the ground is called the 703: roots interviewer: tell me some of the trees that are found in this community 703: oak gum hickory pine elm interviewer: what about any uh use tough wood used for chopping blocks what kind is that? 703: #1 for chopping blocks # interviewer: #2 the uh with broad # leaves to it has broad leaves and they shed 'em all at one time and the bark peels off in little knobs or balls 703: and they used interviewer: yeah these long white limbs and white scaly bark 703: white is that uh now there there I go again can't remember interviewer: okay what about the uh one where you get uh where you get your sugar uh 703: sugar maple interviewer: uh-huh 703: but we don't have those here interviewer: uh-huh we have some kind of maple though don't we 703: yes we have the red maple interviewer: mm-hmm 703: #1 just # interviewer: #2 and um # 703: just ornamental trees Mary Dean had one in her yard and I reckon it's still living interviewer: we have those at the that we eat the little fruit off of that George Washington cut down 703: now that's cherry #1 trees # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: but w- we don't have many of 'em in Arkansas my husband said that they had one in their ho- yard when he was a boy and grandmother Griffin said yes him and the birds got all the cherries interviewer: well what are some of the poisonous plants that we have in our area 703: poison ivy and poison oak the only two I know interviewer: what about that shrub that has the the leaves that are red in the fall it's poison to some people the bush 703: well that's uh there's poison ivy and po- I said poison ivy is a vine and then poison oak #1 is a # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 tree # interviewer: #2 okay # okay now name some of the berries that we grow wild in this area 703: grow wild interviewer: mm-hmm 703: blackberries and huckleberries is all I know that #1 grows wild # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now what are some of the berries that you grew in your garden as a child 703: well interviewer: or as an adult 703: we had strawberries here but they wouldn't live out on that high hill up where my #1 uh I was raised # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: papa tried it and they wouldn't live there but we had a nice strawberry patch here and uh interviewer: do you have any of those little uh red or black ones the ones with the rough surface 703: blackberries? interviewer: raspberries did you have any of 703: #1 raspberries # interviewer: #2 those # 703: no we never did have we had uh one kind of berry that made good jelly had a big patch of it right out there let me see but I can't call it name them when I don't want when I want to I can't now I can't interviewer: um 703: one raspberry interviewer: some of the berries that grow in the woods are not good to eat if they could kill you you'd say that they are what 703: poison poisonous interviewer: um do you know the uh tall bush that has the pink and white flowers on it that bloom in the late spring 703: pink and white interviewer: yeah some of 'em have pink and some of 'em have white flowers clusters 703: in clusters interviewer: mm-hmm 703: dogwood? interviewer: mm-hmm what about some more do you know of anymore that grow in the mountains? 703: no I don't cause I interviewer: tape eight listen to after tape seven Joan {B} informant you were going to tell me about uh the uh berry that grew out in the pasture I think you said 703: you want me all three of 'em? interviewer: all of 'em yeah 703: uh blackberry and huckleberry and elderberry that's all I know o- can remember that grow wild interviewer: mm-hmm and where did you say they grew? 703: the elderberry just grows all over out there in that here interviewer: mm-hmm 703: back behind interviewer: now the uh large flowering tree with shiny leaves and big white flowers has a big seed pod that's the size and shape of a cucumber you know those great big trees with the shiny leaves to 'em they are we don't have any of those around here 703: have a pod the size of a cucumber? interviewer: yeah about the a real it's the shape of a cucumber a large large flowers large tree with shiny leaves alright if uh what were some other names that you called your father 703: always called him papa till he got older and and all I called him father #1 a lot # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about your uh mother did you have any names that 703: #1 she was mama # interviewer: #2 were affectionate for some # 703: #1 and then mother just like him # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh how about for your grandparents for either one of 'em did you have any names that you'd call 'em 703: I just called 'em grandpa and grandma interviewer: what about pet names for children did you have any special little names for 703: I uh no we just called 'em their real names #1 we never did # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: uh my husband did not like uh you know to cha- uh like uh well when he was young they called him Prosperity there when he'd go in the Kingsland schools and everybody had a uh what do you call them names like that when you change it interviewer: nicknames? 703: nickname and he did not like nicknames so he tried to name all of our children we want he didn't want 'em something that could be nicknamed and it I think we got some ugly names I don't think Clarence ever liked hers {C: name} I wanted to name her so- Cl- I wanted to name her Clarice and he wouldn't let me {C: name?} and I I wanted to name him uh name her as close to him cause we'd uh hoped to have a boy and I was gonna call him C-G junior interviewer: Mm-hmm. 703: and or we were he- he agreed to that then when she was a girl and I wanted to say Clarice and he w- he no but he liked Clair cause he'd dated this little girl that I was talking to about at magnolia and her name was {B} Clair interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and I after that I told him I said that's why you wanted to name our first baby Clair and he didn't like it he said he just liked the name it's a short name couldn't be m- changed much you know interviewer: mm-hmm did you have anything that you put the baby in with wheels on it and then lie down you take it out of it 703: well I had a had a baby pen for the last two children interviewer: did you have anything that you 703: #1 and then had baby # interviewer: #2 take it outside and you # 703: bed and and then had a a stroller interviewer: did you have anything that uh where it could lie down and that type of thing 703: it could lie down in the baby beds interviewer: yeah but I meant outside where you could roll #1 it # 703: #2 oh # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # #1 no I didn't have anything just # interviewer: #2 you could roll it down down the street and any # thing like that 703: #1 I just # interviewer: #2 um # 703: had uh we just had that stroller and to push it in #1 push the baby in # interviewer: #2 did you have a buggy # or anything baby buggy or anything 703: well it that's that's what it was instead of a stroller a baby buggy interviewer: um put the baby in the carriage you go out and what would you say 703: you mean put the baby in #1 the # interviewer: #2 in the # carriage and 703: #1 in the baby carriage # interviewer: #2 go out # and what would you be doing 703: I'd be rolling it interviewer: okay and uh 703: or pushing it interviewer: mm-hmm did you ever say you wheel the baby? I'm going to wheel the baby if a woman was gonna have a child you say she's 703: pregnant interviewer: do you have any other words that you used to use any other terms 703: mm-mm not that I remember interviewer: uh-huh if you didn't have a doctor deliver a baby what would be the woman that might that you might send for 703: now what did they call {D: cause I never had one but grandma Grifford did {C: name}} my mother never had one she always had doctors uh interviewer: well let's go on 703: there were women that knew how to do these #1 things now # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: what d- what did they call 'em interviewer: well maybe you'll think of it later a boy and his father have the same appearance you might say the boy what say they had the same color hair and eyes as his father and the same shaped nose you'd say he 703: favors his father interviewer: mm-hmm um mothers looked after three children till they're grown up you say she has 703: she has raised her children interviewer: uh to a naughty child you might say you're going to get a 703: spanking interviewer: did you have any other terms for a spanking? 703: or whipping interviewer: Mm-hmm. a child that's born to an unmarried woman you call it 703: call used to call 'em bastards interviewer: did you have any other names for it? 703: there's another name now what is it child out of marriage do you remember? interviewer: just an illegitimate 703: #1 illegitimate uh-huh # interviewer: #2 child mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: but they used to didn't say illegitimate when I was growing up when I was young they said it oh that child's a that's a bastard interviewer: um 703: I think the illegitimate sounds #1 nicer myself # interviewer: #2 if you said that # Jane is a loving child but Peggy is a lot what 703: Peggy is a interviewer: using the word loving in the in a different way Jane is a loving child but Peggy is a lot 703: #1 lot more # interviewer: #2 what'd you say # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: friendly or loving interviewer: more loving was that what you'd say? 703: well you could if one was you know more interviewer: the person that might be appointed to look after an orphan would be its 703: sometimes it's the grandparents interviewer: mm-hmm but if it wasn't its ga- 703: #1 or or if # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 one parent # interviewer: #2 legal what # 703: one parent still living why they might #1 take it # interviewer: #2 well if # if it was an orphan though it wouldn't have any parents living so it 703: #1 that's right if it's an orphan it # interviewer: #2 sit it'd be its legal what # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: if it's orphan it'd be it'd mean both parents was dead #1 and gone # interviewer: #2 right # 703: wouldn't it and what was that last question interviewer: I said uh the person appointed would be its legal what 703: I don't know what I didn't quite #1 understand the question # interviewer: #2 would you say # guardian or 703: yes uh it'd have to have a guardian appointed but usually the grandparents took 'em and raised 'em back in my time interviewer: if a woman gives a party and she invites all the people that are related to her you say she asked all 703: relatives interviewer: if she has the same family name doesn't look a bit like me but I'm actually what say I have I'm the s- I have the same family name as Clara and maybe I look a little bit like her but I'm actually 703: not any blood kin cause you're married #1 to her son # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # a person who comes into town that no one's seen before he's a 703: stranger interviewer: the sister in the bible at whose house Jesus stayed 703: at Lazarus' house interviewer: yes 703: #1 Martha # interviewer: #2 uh # 703: and Mary #1 you know were his sisters # interviewer: #2 right mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # a nickname for Helen beginning with an N 703: for Helen interviewer: mm-hmm we'll skip that one a nickname for a boy named William 703: Bill interviewer: or with a Y on it it'd be 703: Billy that's one that come by this afternoon interviewer: uh 703: my great #1 grandson # interviewer: #2 {D: Sarah's} # other child besides Michael is 703: Matthew {X} interviewer: did you have any other names for the woman who conducted school other than teacher you said teacher last night but do you have any other names for it 703: the one that uh interviewer: that conducted the school other than to call her a teacher what else would you call it anything else you can remember 703: #1 just the teacher # interviewer: #2 from old-fashioned times # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: they'd say it just {B} and missus our teacher or {B} or mister was that my teach- first teacher that I ever went to and that's all we said just to call 'em a t- but we you you better call 'em mister and m- or miss or ms or you'd get something in {C: interviewer laugh} those days interviewer: what about the preacher that wasn't really trained he didn't have a regular pulpit he preached on h- on Sunday here and there and he made his living doing something else if he isn't very good at preaching you'd call him a what did you ever have a name for a person like that? 703: no as I said we just had preachers sometime come #1 once a month # interviewer: #2 what if # 703: when the roads was bad #1 and they # interviewer: #2 what if # he wasn't very good though 703: well I can't remember what if we ever had a one that wasn't good interviewer: well what about uh a lawyer that wasn't very good what would you did you have a name for it or a a teacher or a governor or a doctor or something what would you say 703: I'd say they were ignorant or something interviewer: maybe did you ever hear of a jackleg preacher 703: I've heard of jackleg someb- could call somebody jackleg but I don't know what it is preacher is that what they call it a #1 jackleg preacher # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um Clair's husband's name is 703: John {B} interviewer: um the commander of the army for the south in the army of north Virginia during the civil war was 703: general Lee interviewer: and the man who introduced Kentucky fried chicken 703: {D: pictures} out there what is it colonel interviewer: uh a man in charge of a ship you call him the 703: charge of the ship he's captain isn't he interviewer: mm-hmm the man who presides over a county court would be a man in the black robe in court 703: judge interviewer: a person who keeps the correspondence in the books for the boss maybe a woman in an office she would be the 703: secretary interviewer: the woman who appears in plays or movies is an 703: actress interviewer: anyone born in the United States of America is called an 703: an American interviewer: uh we talked last night and you said that um for negroes you call them that and you called 'em um blacks and what else were 703: #1 {D: they got} # interviewer: #2 some of the # 703: #1 they'd rather be called # interviewer: #2 terms that you'd call 'em # 703: blacks now #1 we always ca- # interviewer: #2 what did you s- what # were some derogatory terms that you used to call 'em 703: I never knew anything other than just negroes or nigger it cuts a lot of people'd ca- cut it short and say nigger they're a nigger uh but uh I would say negro and uh now they like ha- I understand that they prefer to be called blacks interviewer: um the poor whites do you have a name that you'd call a poor white 703: no interviewer: no names no uh #1 derogatory # 703: #2 can't think # interviewer: terms or anything 703: I can't think of any interviewer: um what would you call the man you worked for the hired hands might call might have called your father this their 703: their boss interviewer: okay and if it had been uh would the blacks had called him something different other than a boss the white people 703: I don't know can't think I'm interviewer: um 703: you know they could have to his back I guess interviewer: well white people who aren't well off and haven't got a chance at education alike especially those that are good for nothing and too lazy to work what would you call them 703: loafers lazy interviewer: what else 703: good for nothings interviewer: what else 703: well that's all I can think of that's enough to call 'em interviewer: white trash or 703: yes I I've heard 'em called white trash but I just call 'em loafers lazy good for nothing some of these that's on this government handouts like those stamps you know and riding around in great big fine cars interviewer: if they're black does it make any difference do you call 'em something else? 703: no I just s- call 'em same thing interviewer: uh does it make any difference if they're town or country people um someone who lives in the country and he doesn't know anything about town ways and he's conspicuous when he gets to town of himself he might say I don't know anything about city ways I'm just an old 703: country boy interviewer: any other terms that you can think of if 703: Mike called himself ignorant I don't know {C: name} interviewer: at a party if you look at your watch and you see it's eleven thirty or so you say we'd better be getting home it's 703: getting late interviewer: it's blank midnight it's it's what midnight it's 703: it's just thirty minutes till midnight interviewer: alright what's 703: #1 half past eleven # interviewer: #2 another way you'd say it # what's another way to say it well let's say it's uh five minutes till twelve you might say it's uh 703: uh well we'd say five minutes till twelve #1 or midni- # interviewer: #2 no if # you do weren't saying I mean if you didn't know you you looked and it was getting close what would you say you say it's uh 703: quarter till interviewer: yeah well what else could you say it's uh would you say almost or nearly or 703: yes if it was interviewer: #1 nigh or # 703: #2 in # between the time at ten or eleven or something where you could say well it's almost midnight or interviewer: if you want someone to wait when you say you'll be ready soon you might say I'll be with you in 703: just a few minutes interviewer: um you know that you're on the right road but you aren't sure the distance you ask somebody how you know you're on the right road if you were going to Little Rock but you didn't know the distance you might stop and ask how 703: ho- uh get the directions and just how to get to where I #1 wanted to go # interviewer: #2 no but # you know the direction but you don't know the distance so you'd say how 703: how far it is or how many miles from here to #1 Little Rock # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um if this part of your body gets very hot this part would be 703: {D: if fire itch called it it's fired} it's spelled F-O-R-W-A-R-D #1 isn't it # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um you agree with a friend when he says I'm not going to do that or I'm not going to vote for that guy and you say 703: #1 well do you have # interviewer: #2 if you agree with # him you'd say 703: I won't either or or what do you have against him uh-huh interviewer: no you say 703: #1 if I'm a rep- # interviewer: #2 I won't be # 703: #1 if he's a Democrat # interviewer: #2 either or # 703: and I'm a Republican I would say what do you have against him and if our if I'm with the same he if I'm a Democrat and he's a Democrat I'd {C: interviewer coughing} I might say what you ha- what do you have against him or why are you why are you voting for him interviewer: did your husband ever have um hair on his face that he left on his face 703: not never always shaved when interviewer: what do you call this 703: it's called {D: she rock} my daddy had a little up there as a mustache isn't it? interviewer: and this here 703: beard isn't it interviewer: mm-hmm and uh if you saw a child chewing gum and you didn't want him to you'd say take that chewing gum out of your 703: mouth interviewer: if you were chewing on chicken bones you might get one stuck in your 703: throat interviewer: when you go to the dentist you have to have him look at your 703: have to what interviewer: you go to the dentist you have to have him look at your 703: oh it'd have to have a look at your teeth interviewer: and the flesh around the teeth are called the 703: gums interviewer: this part of your hand 703: palm interviewer: this 703: fist interviewer: when people get old and complain they're getting stiff in their 703: joints interviewer: and this part 703: #1 heart # interviewer: #2 on a man # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: heart interviewer: a man this part he's got a broad 703: chest interviewer: um they measure the height of a horse in what 703: span interviewer: the pain ran from his heel all the way up to his 703: head interviewer: and at the end of your leg it's your 703: kn- your foot interviewer: the when the ground's too cold or too muddy to sit on you might get down down like this when you're inspecting like the leaves of tobacco plant or passing the time with a friend and you're down on your 703: knees interviewer: no you're down like this you're down on your 703: well you're just hunkering kinda hunkering down interviewer: uh someone's been sick a while and he's up and about now but he still looks a little bit 703: pale interviewer: anything else you'd call it besides pale he still he still looks other than pale he still looks what he's been real sick you might say he still looks 703: weak interviewer: you ever say sickly or poor 703: I could interviewer: person who can lift heavy weights and you would say he's very 703: strong person interviewer: a person that's easy to get along with you would say his dis- #1 position is # 703: #2 has a good dis- # position interviewer: alright what else about his disposition he's what he always has a smile on his face and he never loses his temper you might say he's mighty 703: easy to get along with #1 has a good # interviewer: #2 any # 703: disposition interviewer: any other things? if a boy's growing up and it seems like his arms and legs get in the way of everything and he knocks over furniture you'd say he's awfully 703: awkward interviewer: anything else 703: that's all I can #1 think of # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um a person who does a lot of things that don't make any sense you'd say he's a plain 703: idiot interviewer: another word? any other words? 703: bumbler stumbler interviewer: if he says things or does things that don't make sense you might say he's making a out of himself he's making a 703: jackass is that what you wanted me to say interviewer: something like that yeah you could say that 703: that's awful though to put on tape interviewer: well a fool #1 of himself # 703: #2 uh an idiot # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # um a fool out of #1 himself # interviewer: #2 yeah # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: would be better interviewer: um a person who will never spend a cent you call him 703: tightwad interviewer: when you say the word common about a person what does it mean? you'd say that girl is very common what would you mean 703: well it means it's to me she would uh not be dressed up nice maybe wouldn't have her hair fixed good nicely or uh and maybe wouldn't be pretty in the face interviewer: if an old man is still very strong and active and he doesn't show his age you might say he's still quite 703: quite active interviewer: mm-hmm and anything else? 703: fi- well #1 you mean for his age # interviewer: #2 anything else? # yeah you might say I don't care how old he is he's mighty 703: not mighty active or strong for his age that interviewer: if you get to worrying about your children let's say they were out on a date you'd say I can't help feeling a little 703: uneasy and I've had that lots of times interviewer: um 703: listening for the doorbell to ring for the open the door and come in interviewer: if you didn't want to go upstairs in the dark you'd say I'm 703: afraid in the dark interviewer: she isn't afraid now but she 703: used to be interviewer: um what was a thing that you used to that people used to tell stories about to scare you what were some of the things 703: haunt- haunt- they called 'em haunts haun- they're something that's something that's haunted or uh interviewer: what did that mean it had in it? 703: well it meant that there's maybe somebody'd come back from the dead or something and was haunting you interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and uh like my father he scared my little brother from the plum orchard because he was eat- he was making so many trips there a day eating so many of those 'fraid it'd make him sick and he told him there's yahoos down there yahoos he'd call it interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 703: #2 and # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # so uh papa and mama were working in the garden and the plums were just outside the garden in a patch they just grew up thick you know interviewer: mm-hmm 703: the yellow and the red and there my brother little brother had been in there with 'em but he sneaked around and had kind of uh got opened the gate sneaked around and climbed the fence to go get him some plums and my father knew how to get through the fence there was some pickets loose or something and he got through the fence and beat the l- my little brother down to the thicket hid himself as well as he could and commenced to holler yahoo yahoo my little brother just come flying back and he said there's yahoos down there there's yahoos down there and we said well what did he look like he said well he kinda looked like papa that's the truth I remember when that happened I was there I was there {NW} {C:laughter} well I don't know he said I c- {C: interviewer coughing} I- I he kinda looked like my papa #1 and you know # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: I didn't think there was such a word I- I- I wondered where my daddy got that I thought it was just something made up I got the dictionary one day and looked it up and it's pronounced yahoo but it it really is interviewer: kind of spook or #1 something # 703: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: hmm somebody who leaves a lot of money around on the table and the door unlocked you might say he's mighty 703: careless interviewer: and if there's nothing wrong with a person but sometimes she might act kind of 703: silly interviewer: but if she acts a little different from other people you might say she acts kind of {C: breaking up} and he doesn't want to change you say don't be so 703: stubborn interviewer: don't be so in your ways don't be so 703: set in your ways interviewer: somebody that loses their temper easily and you can't joke with them you say they're mighty 703: they're a interviewer: or they're 703: very high-tempered interviewer: or 703: stubborn interviewer: anything else? they get mad very quickly you say 703: #1 lose their tem- # interviewer: #2 he's awfully # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: lose their temper interviewer: and he's awfully 703: I can't think of what you want there interviewer: um if I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get 703: mad #1 or angry # interviewer: #2 if somebody # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 's about to lose his temper you tell him just 703: just uh interviewer: just keep maybe you'd tell this to a person that was in a burning building as they started running out you'd say keep 703: don't run? interviewer: you've been working very hard you'd say you were very 703: tired interviewer: any other words for it? 703: give out interviewer: if you use wear out you say he is all 703: worn out interviewer: and then you'd say I'm completely 703: worn out interviewer: if a person has been quite well and then you hear suddenly that they have some disease you'd say last night she 703: was alright interviewer: no they got the were well and then suddenly they got some 703: #1 got ill # interviewer: #2 disease you say last # night she 703: was well and uh and then she had a heart attack or #1 got sick # interviewer: #2 she # 703: suddenly got sick interviewer: okay but she'll be up again by if they're sick now you'd say he'll be well again 703: in a few days interviewer: by would you ever say by and by? 703: I could say that #1 cause # interviewer: #2 if you're # sneezing and coughing #1 you'd been out in the rain # 703: #2 cause you couldn't exactly # say said uh a day we wouldn't know interviewer: if you're sneezing and coughing you'd been out in the rain and you'd come in and say 703: oh I'm taking a cold interviewer: and if you can't talk with your voice you'd say I'm 703: hoarse that's me I have laryngitis interviewer: and along with that cold you might have a little 703: cough interviewer: take a pill makes you feel like you wanna go to bed you'd say I'm feeling a little 703: drowsy interviewer: maybe the next one at six o'clock I'll like you were going to bed and next morning six o'clock I'll 703: wake up interviewer: if uh he began to sweat when he started to work by the time he finished he would say he a lot in the hot sun he 703: perspired interviewer: a lot in the hot sun? 703: mm-hmm interviewer: a sore that comes to a head you call a 703: boil interviewer: if you open up the boil the stuff that comes out of it is the 703: pus interviewer: if you got an infection in your hand and it gets bigger and bigger you might say my hand if it gets bigger and bigger you say my hand 703: is swollen interviewer: and if you get when you get a blister the liquid that forms under the skin is 703: well it looks like water interviewer: if you got shot with a bullet you would call it a people in the war had 703: wounds interviewer: um when a wound doesn't heal clean a white granular substance might form around the edge sometimes it had to be cut out or burned out with alum it's some kind of fle- flesh 703: proud flesh interviewer: when you cut your finger you might put a little red liquid or brown liquid that stings on it which would have been a long time ago it would've 703: #1 iodine # interviewer: #2 been # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and a tonic for malaria a bitter powder 703: #1 it's # interviewer: #2 it came # 703: #1 quinine # interviewer: #2 in # came in capsules 703: it's quinine interviewer: long time ago any other names for died the person a person died any funny names or humorous names for it that you know of 703: you really D-I-E-D #1 or D-Y- # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm yeah # D-I-E-D 703: uh well we'd say passed away interviewer: mm-hmm any other uh humorous or different other names for it 703: {D: I don't think there are any other names} interviewer: the box that people are buried in is the 703: well there's a coffin and and then theres a box outside of the coffin interviewer: well what's the what's the one outside of the coffin? 703: well they used to just uh have a wooden box that they'd put the coffin in a long time ago now then they put 'em in a vault or like I had my husband stee- in a steel casket interviewer: mm-hmm and the people when they dress in black you say they are in 703: mourning interviewer: somebody meets you on the street and says well how are you today if you're feeling just about average you might say oh I am 703: I'm alright or I guess I'm alright fee- feeling pretty good interviewer: if someone's troubled you might say oh it'll come out alright 703: just give it time interviewer: just don't 703: don't worry and give it time it'll come out alright interviewer: the disease of the joints when you're getting old stiff and you ache 703: arthritis used to called it rhe- rheumatism though interviewer: a sore throat with blisters on the inside of the throat you now can take a shot for it people used to choke to death 703: #1 oh let's see # interviewer: #2 and # {D: bat rural one} 703: oh what #1 did they call # interviewer: #2 give people the Schick # test to see if they needed shots for 703: what did they call that and it had that sore throat and it'd choke 'em to death diphtheria interviewer: mm-hmm person who loses his food what do you say he 703: vomited interviewer: any other terms that you've heard people say crude terms 703: up {D: Mary's demons} say upchuck when Donna'd vomit I just always said vomit #1 and then I heard # interviewer: #2 if a per- # 703: on televi- uh radio said my he reg- she reg- regu- regur- -gurgitated interviewer: if a person vomited he was sick sick 703: at his stomach interviewer: she had hardly got the news when she came right over 703: to see me interviewer: she came right over to if you didn't know she came over to over to 703: sympathize with me or interviewer: you didn't #1 know the news # 703: #2 or comfort # me or interviewer: she hardly got the news when she came right over to if you didn't know she came over to what 703: came over to just to visit with me interviewer: #1 she heard that this # 703: #2 or comfort me or # interviewer: if a friend of yours heard some news on the telephone and then she called you up she'd call you up to she came over or she called you up to 703: tell me about it interviewer: you both are going to be glad to see me you say we be glad to see you 703: uh-huh interviewer: we 703: will be glad to see you interviewer: you might say to a child who's misbehaving you do that again I'm going to 703: spank you interviewer: what were some other words for courting didn't you have some others if a fella was interested in a girl he was besides dating you said some just some others that you 703: dating courting just something that sometimes they'd say they're going together interviewer: anything else what'd you call the fellow that you liked he was your 703: I I called him my {B} husband to hi- uh mis- interviewer: before 703: before we were married #1 and after # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: we were married to anyone in public and after we were married I called him sweetheart interviewer: what would you call 703: #1 but I # interviewer: #2 him # 703: never did call his name Clarence interviewer: since you were going with him or dating him you would say that he was your 703: sweetheart interviewer: and for a a boy he would say about the girl that she was his what would he have said about you back in those days or what would somebody else said you had been dating and then they would say you are my 703: my my girlfriend? interviewer: mm-hmm anything anything else do you know any other things they used to say? any funny ones or different ones or 703: can't think interviewer: a boy came home with lipstick on his collar you might look at him and say you've been 703: you've been kissing interviewer: any other words for kissing? 703: necking interviewer: any others? 703: that's all I know interviewer: if he asked her to marry him and she doesn't want him what do you say she did to him? 703: she rejected him turned him down interviewer: anything else 703: plain out told him no maybe interviewer: what are some other words for married maybe some different ones other than the they're just 703: for married interviewer: mm-hmm 703: after they're married interviewer: any humorous ways to say married maybe used like they went ahead and got 703: got married interviewer: any other you don't know of any other terms for it? 703: tied together? interviewer: any other terms that you used to call it? well let's go onto the next one um the man that stood behind beside the groom during the service would be called the 703: groomsman {D: isn't didn't it} interviewer: and the girl that stood beside the bride would be the 703: bridesmaid or the no interviewer: mm-hmm 703: bridesmaid interviewer: after a wedding the boys in the neighborhood might gather around the couple's home and make all kinds of noise and you call it a 703: oh what did they used to call that {D: they hadn't owned} what did they call it {C: whispering} interviewer: maybe you'll think of it later 703: ring bells blow #1 horns # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 do all that # interviewer: #2 fire # rifles what'd they call it 703: I can't think of it cause we weren't done that way but I know that some were and there was a name but I cannot think of it interviewer: if you saw one of your best friends in Atlanta you would say I saw him blank Atlanta I saw him 703: in Atlanta? interviewer: yeah would you say up or down or would you say I saw him down in Atlanta? 703: from here it would be down wouldn't it? I saw him do- when down in Atlanta interviewer: mm-hmm for a group of people that maybe they arrested one or two of 'em they arrested the blank group they arrested the you might say they arrested the 703: entire group interviewer: what w- what could you call that group? of people other than just a group of people it'd be a group of people that would be doing things that were against the law and maybe the police maybe they'd have a party or the police would have to come and arrest that group of people what would you call that group of people? 703: {D: were they} burgling or harassing or uh {D: give} {D: posse out after a burglar} interviewer: it would be just a whole group they would arrest so you'd say they arrested the 703: all of 'em interviewer: mm-hmm now school you told me that you had some short terms tell me about the day when it started and about the day when it ended 703: #1 well if # interviewer: #2 like a school day # 703: we had four months interviewer: on a school day when it started the end of it when it ended and what all went in between lunch time and everything 703: just one school day interviewer: mm-hmm 703: we'd start in the morn- we'd have to be there by eight o'clock in the morning and they'd let us out for uh up to thirty minute recess about ten o'clock and then they'd let us out again at noon for a whole hour to eat our lunch and play and and then uh we'd the bell'd ring and that meant come in and and we'd have classes then again until about two o'clock or two thirty two fifteen something and we'd have a recess and uh then we'd get out again at four o'clock in the afternoon interviewer: I'm gonna reset it tape nine Joan Warrener {C: name} 703: see we had long days they don't think of going to school here now such hours as that they're always out by three fifteen or three thirty interviewer: mm-hmm if um if a boy didn't show up for school and he was supposed to be in school and his parents didn't know it you might say he 703: playing hooky interviewer: and you were supposed to go to school to get an 703: education interviewer: and after high school you could later go on to 703: college interviewer: after kindergarten you'd go into the 703: elementary #1 school # interviewer: #2 yeah but # what would be the 703: #1 first # interviewer: #2 that # 703: grade interviewer: and the the uh in the classroom you sat at what 703: desk interviewer: you had a a building that was specially for books you'd call that building a 703: library interviewer: you mail a package in a name the building you mail the packages in 703: at the post office interviewer: mm-hmm you stay overnight in a strange town at a 703: hotel or motel nowadays cause hotel's were when I was young interviewer: when you went to see a play you saw it at the 703: usually saw it at the school house interviewer: well where did you see it later? 703: well then they interviewer: after you were married 703: well you wouldn't call going to a a movie a play interviewer: no but where would you go to see uh a play or a movie? 703: well at a movie you'd go to a a regular place for it like in Pine Bluff here what is it called the Saenger Theatre interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and uh but plays we had in school we'd just have plays a- at the end of nearly every term of school {D: with as short as there were} why we'd put on they'd have a program put on and we'd recite the things and then they'd have little short plays and interviewer: the building where you might have to go and have an operation would be a 703: hospital interviewer: the woman that would take care of you in there 703: would be a nurse interviewer: a place where you would catch a train would be a 703: depot interviewer: an open place in the city where the green grass and trees go grow is called 703: #1 park # interviewer: #2 the # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # two streets cross and a man starts out from one corner and he walks to the opposite corner and you say 703: he's angling #1 across # interviewer: #2 he # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 across the street # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # any other thing you could say he's what's another way of saying that if you cut across a field instead of following the road you'd say how would you say you walked he walked 703: well {D: well we} as I told you this morning it wasn't far from where we lived to school and but if we cut across the the field interviewer: #1 from this # 703: #2 right # interviewer: side to that #1 side what would it be # 703: #2 that side # it'd be caddy-cornered kinda interviewer: okay vehicles that ran on tracks with a wire overhead were 703: oh interviewer: particularly in California 703: well we had 'em here uh ra- ran on tracks for years and years and years what was it interviewer: well we can come back to it in a minute the bus drivers taking you down the road you say the next corner is where I want 703: to get off interviewer: who pays the postmaster the federal 703: government interviewer: police in town are supposed to maintain what 703: law and order interviewer: before they had the electric chair murderers were 703: hung interviewer: Albany is the capital of 703: New York interviewer: Annapolis is the capital of 703: {D: Innimona-} uh Indiana isn't it {D: -dianapolis} interviewer: #1 Baltimore is in # 703: #2 uh Baltimore # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # {D: uh} #1 Baltimore Maryland # interviewer: #2 more is in # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Richmond is the capital of 703: Virginia interviewer: Raleigh's the capital of 703: North Carolina interviewer: Columbia's the capital of 703: South Carolina interviewer: the bluegrass state is 703: Kentucky interviewer: the volunteer state is 703: volunteer state I don't know interviewer: uh the state that Anne l- uh lives in is {C: name} 703: Tennessee interviewer: Tulsa is in 703: Oklahoma interviewer: Boston is in 703: Massachusetts interviewer: and the states from Maine to Connecticut are known as the 703: north eastern states interviewer: the capital of the United States 703: Washington D.C. they've made it a place of their own now it's a sta- it's a little state of its own just thi- just this last Congress interviewer: the biggest city in Maryland is 703: Annana- Ann- interviewer: #1 the other one # 703: #2 I don't know # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: with a B Balt- 703: Baltimore interviewer: the um largest city in Missouri where the famous blues are named for 703: in Missouri? interviewer: mm-hmm the largest city 703: St Louis interviewer: the old historical seaport in South Carolina where the s- where the war was started 703: where the Civil War interviewer: uh-huh 703: you got me there interviewer: there you go real old old town on the seaport 703: #1 where they # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: had the Boston Tea Party? interviewer: have you ever heard of Charleston? 703: yes I've heard of Charleston but I thought the Civ- oh #1 the dev- # interviewer: #2 uh # 703: I was thinking about #1 the Revolutionary War # interviewer: #2 in Alabama the # uh city on the Gulf is 703: where interviewer: in Alabama the city on the Gulf is you heard of Mobile? 703: Mobile is it o- #1 on it # interviewer: #2 {D: mm-hmm} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and the capital of Alabama is Mont- Montgomery? 703: Montgomery Alabama interviewer: mm-hmm 703: Montgomery Mobile we went in Florida I thought through interviewer: the largest 703: Mobile but we didn't did we interviewer: city in Georgia is where I live is 703: Atlanta interviewer: the biggest seaport in Georgia is another old city seaport 703: I've said I don't know that interviewer: Savannah 703: Savannah #1 Georgia # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: I didn't know it was on the sea interviewer: uh where Fort Benning is in what town in Georgia have you ever heard of Columbus? 703: {X} interviewer: a couple of cities big cities besides New Orleans and Shreveport and Monroe are in its another one is what 703: in it in it #1 in Louisiana? # interviewer: #2 Louisiana # a large one 703: #1 besides # interviewer: #2 down # down the coast besides Shreveport and Monroe and New Orleans is Ba- Bat- Baton 703: Baton Rouge interviewer: uh the biggest city in Southern Ohio 703: is it Columbus? interviewer: where the Reds and the Bengals play their home games 703: Cleveland? interviewer: the blank Redlegs you know the baseball team the Cin- Cincinnati have #1 you ever heard of that # 703: #2 Cincinnati # Ohio interviewer: and the largest cities on the Ohio River are one of the the large cities in Kentucky is besides Lexington is L- heard of Louisville 703: Louisville Louisville I know a woman lives there just couldn't think of it 'til you interviewer: mm-hmm if you have a very sick friend and he was not likely to get any better somebody asked you how he's coming along you'd say well it seems 703: as if he might not get well? interviewer: mm-hmm what else would you say? if it seems 703: that interviewer: it seems to me 703: that he just can't get well interviewer: alright 703: or just interviewer: seems to me he won't pull through 703: #1 pull through # interviewer: #2 seems # to me 703: that he won't pull through interviewer: um if your daughter did not help you with the dishes you'd say she went off to playing 703: #1 and left the # interviewer: #2 blank # 703: work to me interviewer: helping me she went off playing blank helping me 703: she went off playing interviewer: and then you tell her why did you sit around blank helping me 703: I don't #1 understand # interviewer: #2 you say instead # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # instead 703: oh you could said say yes and why'd you sit around instead of helping me that one didn't understand at #1 first # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if a man is funny you like him you say I like him 703: very much #1 or I think he # interviewer: #2 the name # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 think he's a nice # interviewer: #2 of # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: guy interviewer: the name of our lord in church that we pray to 703: it's Jesus Christ interviewer: the name of we worship who do we worship? 703: we worship our lord and and the son Jesus #1 Christ # interviewer: #2 or # what's our lord's another name for our lord 703: God interviewer: the preacher preaches a 703: sermon interviewer: the opposite of God is called the 703: Devil interviewer: alright now you were telling me about a haunted house and I asked you the name of some of the thi- of names of some of the things that would be in a haunted house 703: skeletons and interviewer: what else what would be a thing with a white sheet over it or something what would you call that 703: it'd be what the way they c- fix up haunt- people and make 'em look like hau- haunts or haunts they're called interviewer: um 703: like they do some people on Halloween you know interviewer: mm-hmm you wanna say something stronger more enthusiastic than yes you'd say 703: yes interviewer: could you ever 703: #1 sir # interviewer: #2 say # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: or yes ma'am interviewer: well what else 703: is it a bad word? interviewer: no do you say do you ever say certainly or 703: yes you could say certainly interviewer: what are some ways to answer a man or a woman besides yes what would you say if you were being polite you'd say 703: yes ma'am interviewer: and to a man you'd #1 say # 703: #2 say # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # no sir interviewer: if somebody intensely disliked to go somewhere you'd say he blank the place he 703: he don't li- he don't interviewer: if he disliked it very much he blank the place he 703: if I didn't wanna go somewhere interviewer: yeah you'd say that you it'd be bad feelings you'd have bad feelings you'd say 703: I'm angry at you? mad at you interviewer: well what about the place what would you say I 703: I just do not want to go there interviewer: yeah but you'd say something with one word I think I blank that place 703: I hate interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm you'd say hate? um what might you say when you get real excited you might put your clap your hands together and say 703: oh {NW} something like #1 that # interviewer: #2 yeah # what else would you say if you're really surprised what would you say 703: oh my I never thou- thought about a thing like that interviewer: mm-hmm if you did something and you're a little peeved at yourself for doing something real stupid what would you say 703: I'd say Mildred you are the dumbest thing {C: name} interviewer: nah you might not have said it that way you might just say it in in an exclamation what would you say oh would you say oh something? 703: oh interviewer: I forgot what you said a minute ago when you found your purse what did you say? 703: what I was trying to say I was thinking about how aggrav- aggravating it was {D: for myself} {D: figured that Monday is your bed and I looked there there it is} oh interviewer: well let's go on maybe you'll think of it later if something shocking is reported to you you might 703: might faint interviewer: show a kind of polite resentment by saying why the you really resent it why the 703: so and so why the interviewer: did you ever say why the very idea? 703: why the very idea of such a thing interviewer: mm-hmm a greeting for a person you would you would look at 'em and say they were a good friend of mi- of yours and you would say to them when you first met maybe in the morning 703: good morning interviewer: okay if the if you met them any other time what would you say to 'em maybe on the street 703: later in the day? interviewer: mm-hmm 703: well it was after twelve you'd say good a- good uh most of us say good evening but it's good afternoon #1 'til six o'clock # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # mm-hmm if he shook your hand what would you say if it was a stranger 703: how are you or how do you do interviewer: uh if you want that person they've completed their visit and you want them to come you you say to them you've enjoyed it you say come 703: back to see us interviewer: and on the twenty-fifth of December we all say to each other 703: Merry Christmas and Happy New Year interviewer: and if you're appreciate someone doing something for you besides thanking you might say I'm much 703: I'm much indebted to you for what you've done for me interviewer: when you go downtown you go down there to do some 703: shopping interviewer: you made a purchase the storekeep the storekeeper took a piece of paper and 703: racked it racked it up interviewer: if you sell for less than you paid you say I had to sell at 703: and lost money on it interviewer: okay I had to sell it another way of saying it? 703: for less #1 than I # interviewer: #2 selling # it #1 and I # 703: #2 I had to sell it # for less than I paid for it interviewer: mm-hmm selling it at a 703: loss interviewer: if you admire something very much but you don't have enough money to buy it you'd say it I like it but it 703: it's too expensive for me interviewer: on the first of the month people would have to pay rent to you say my bill is 703: they want 'em to s- interviewer: #1 if they # 703: #2 paying the # interviewer: have to pay by the first of the month they know that their bill is 703: whatever the rent is interviewer: yeah but it is what by the first of the month it is 703: it's due #1 it's dued # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and if you belong to a club sometimes you have to pay the 703: dues interviewer: if you don't have money and you have to go to the bank you might ask to 703: write a check interviewer: but if you didn't have the money in the bank but you needed it you would have to 703: borrow it interviewer: when the banker is refusing the loan he says money is you know like those things are about as blank as hen's teeth about as you don't have very many of them and you don't have much money and he refuses the loan to you and he says especially in the thirties this happened money was 703: very scarce interviewer: when you went #1 swimming # 703: #2 that's # when they had the deep depression interviewer: mm-hmm when you went swimming and you hit your stomach when you jumped in the water you called it a 703: I never swam in my life interviewer: well do you know what anybody else called it? they hit their tummy instead of diving in they missed and they hit their tummy they called it a what 703: I don't know interviewer: well alright when you buy something or pay your bill some storekeepers will give you a little present and say its for 703: uh for paying promptly paying your interviewer: did you have any other names for it 703: paying your bill interviewer: what would it be called that particular gift it's for 703: paying interviewer: #1 did you have any old time # 703: #2 what what # interviewer: terms for it a long time ago maybe 703: well I'd say like I paid the bill promptly #1 and they g- # interviewer: #2 and they gave you # #1 a little gift # 703: #2 and they # gave me a interviewer: you'd say it's he'd say it's for did you have any old time terms for it okay let's go on then if someone gets caught in a whirlpool and he can't get out and he can't swim what happens to him 703: well he might drown interviewer: what does a baby do before it's able to walk 703: crawl interviewer: and what else does it do 703: cry and it #1 crawls # interviewer: #2 you # see something up in a tree you wanna take a closer look so you went up over to the tree and 703: climb the tree interviewer: and if you're playing hide and seek and you find yourself near a stump so you instead of instead of sitting on the ground you 703: hide behind the stump interviewer: yeah but you get down like this you 703: you hunker down interviewer: if you put your knees down you s- and like at the altar you'd say that 703: I'm kneeling interviewer: and in praying you say she down in prayer she 703: she knelt in #1 prayer # interviewer: #2 if you're # tired you'd go in there in the bed and you'd say I'm going to 703: retire interviewer: when you put your body this way you say I'm going over to the couch and 703: reclining interviewer: what's another way of saying that 703: lay down interviewer: mm-hmm if he was really sick and he wouldn't even sit up he just in bed all day he just besides stayed there he just 703: laid in the bed all day interviewer: when you sleep sometimes you have 703: dreams interviewer: you'd say I dreamt so and so and all of a sudden I 703: waked up interviewer: if you bring your foot down hard on the floor 703: stomp interviewer: if a boy sees a girl at church and he wants to go home with her he says may I 703: may I see you home or interviewer: to get up on to get a boat up on land you'd tie a rope to the bow and 703: pull interviewer: when a car is stuck in the mud you have to 703: used to have to put uh anything you could get a hold of brush timber I mean uh lumber anything you could get hold of put under them tires to hold it to push it up out of that mud interviewer: if you have to carry a heavy suitcase a long distance instead of saying I carried it you say I 703: lugged it interviewer: if a child comes in the house and you don't want him to eat the cookies you look over and you say don't you 703: get into my cookies interviewer: if he goes over to something that's going to break you say don't 703: touch that interviewer: if you needed a hammer you'd say to me 703: may I #1 borrow your # interviewer: #2 go # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: go get me a hammer interviewer: in playing tag what was the tree called for the children a long time ago that was a safe place to go or hide and seek you'd have to run in free and touch the what'd you call it the they have that 703: we used to play hide and seek but I interviewer: #1 what about the # 703: #2 {X} # interviewer: two posts in football you have to kick the football over the 703: over a goal don't you interviewer: if you throw a ball and ask somebody to 703: catch it interviewer: if s- a child wanted wanting to get out of a spanking he might say please me another 703: chance and I'll do better interviewer: if a man is in a good hu- humor you say he's he is in a very good 703: state of mind interviewer: he's feeling 703: real good interviewer: if you have someone that's hired and they're loafing all the time you might try to discharge 'em and you'd say to your friend of yours I think I'm going to 703: fire them interviewer: any other words to say if you got termites the exterminating company would say will what 703: inspect interviewer: what else will he do if you have the termites 703: then he will uh uh spray interviewer: so #1 that he can't # 703: #2 poison # interviewer: so that he so that you can 703: so that I can pay him interviewer: so that he can 703: he'll inspect interviewer: #1 why # 703: #2 my # interviewer: is he spraying? 703: well he he'll he'll spray to get rid of the termites interviewer: right he didn't know what was going on but he blank he knew it all 703: he didn't know what to do at all interviewer: but he 703: he thought he knew it all interviewer: what if he's pretending what would you say he 703: he made out like interviewer: Mm-hmm. when someone stole your pencil what's a slang word you might use he at school maybe a long time ago besides stole it's the same he stole my pencil you would say #1 he # 703: #2 he # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # he snitched interviewer: any other words that you called it? 703: he grabbed or or got my pencil I've had a many of 'em took away from me when I didn't know it I'd call that snitching interviewer: if um you owe a person a letter you have to pick up your pencil to 703: write interviewer: and then you say yesterday he me letter he 703: yesterday I received a letter from you interviewer: yeah but he had to pick up a pencil and use it to mismatch you {C: pops, breaking up} you write the 703: address interviewer: a little boy has learned something new for instance if he has learned to whistle and you know you want to know where he learned that you ask him who 703: who taught you to whistle interviewer: I wanna ask you if you've put up that new fence yet you'd say no but I 703: will soon or by and by interviewer: I any other words I besides will I pretty soon I 703: I may pretty soon interviewer: what do you call a person who tells on somebody else and a child would do this you'd call him a 703: oh now that'd be a snitcher wouldn't it interviewer: mm-hmm and the other any other words or terms for it did you ever use the word tattle? 703: he tattled o- on another one {C: bump} interviewer: what'd you call that person then 703: oh a tattle tale interviewer: if you want a bouquet at the dinner table you'd go out in the garden and 703: pick one pick the flowers interviewer: something a child might play with would be called a 703: doll interviewer: all of 'em all of 'em 703: all interviewer: all those things are called dolls wagons trains trucks all of 'em are called 703: playthings interviewer: something happened that you expected and you predicted it and you were afraid it was going to happen for example a child hurting himself while doing something dangerous you might say I 703: I predicted that would hap- oh that interviewer: would you say I 703: I thought that was going to happen interviewer: okay what else especially after someone comes in and tells you what has happened you say 703: #1 I # interviewer: #2 I # 703: knew it was going to happen interviewer: when you're out of breath you might have said when you were younger I was feeling so happy I blank all the way home 703: I ran all the way interviewer: and the opposite of take it off is the opposite of taking off your dress is 703: put on the dress? interviewer: you're sitting with a friend not saying anything and then all of a sudden he asks you what did you say you'd say why I said you didn't say anything now you'd say why I said 703: I said nothing interviewer: then you'd say oh I thought you said 703: I you s- {C: whisper} -t you said {C: whisper} hello I th- interviewer: come now there must be blank new 703: there must be there must be s- real new interviewer: if the day was nice outside you might say it's 703: a nice sunny day interviewer: or I'm this is another way of saying getting the word I've never heard of blank things I've never heard of things 703: {D: in a pretty sight value} interviewer: yeah it's it is 703: it's quiet interviewer: quiet and nice day what's another word for quiet 703: peaceful interviewer: well it's Q-U-I-T-E it's quite a nice #1 day # 703: #2 quite # a nice interviewer: #1 it's # 703: #2 day # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # it's sunny and mild? interviewer: let's go on to something else if I ask you how long has that mountain been here you might say as far as I know it's 703: been there ever since the world began interviewer: it's all 703: it's what interviewer: it's always been would you say that 703: mm-hmm it's always been there interviewer: if you want to know a person wanted a piece of cake you just have to go over and 703: and ask him if he wanted a piece would he have a piece of #1 cake # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if two people got together and they didn't get along each time they started talking loudly to each other you'd say they 703: are quarreling #1 or fussing # interviewer: #2 another word # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if they started hitting each other with hands you would say they were 703: fighting interviewer: if on TV you see a fellow take a knife and put it in the other man you say he 703: he stuck him interviewer: any other words for it 703: or he cut him #1 with that # interviewer: #2 he # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: jabbed him with a knife interviewer: and as they took him in the hospital they'd have to to the knife they'd have to 703: pull the knife out interviewer: a funny picture on a blackboard the teacher asks who 703: drew that picture interviewer: you're going to lift something like a big heavy piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to 703: help pull it up interviewer: yeah what's another word for pull it up? 703: lift interviewer: well another word for lift to on you on a car that a wrecker has to come out and has to pick it up off the ground so it has to you your have you ever said hoist it up? 703: hoist that's a good word I couldn't think of it interviewer: um you were gonna tell me the name of the place in the kitchen in the little room where you kept the food 703: that was the pantry interviewer: alright and what was the other two two things I think you didn't say uh can't remember what they were 703: well I said that big it's not on tape is it I said that big that word where alternative high school down was kaleidoscope interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and then I was at another one interviewer: yeah oh I know it was the uh little fish that you thought of right 703: topwaters interviewer: and um trying to think of what else I think that's about all thank you very much I appreciate spending the time with me to do this 703: you mean that's #1 all # interviewer: #2 I've # enjoyed it haven't you 703: yeah but I missed so many what you gonna do about those that I just completely missed interviewer: well when we couldn't get 'em so we just do without 'em 703: but ho- interviewer: plays in my hometown Troy and it seems like 741: #1 right do y'all play # interviewer: #2 Troy state has # played 741: played Henderson didn't it or was it #1 {D: Washita} # interviewer: #2 I think you # 741: #1 {D: Washita} # interviewer: #2 played 'em both # 741: in the Peanut Bowl or some such thing interviewer: where's the ten of 'em 741: I don't I really don't know but it it rings a bell that #1 Troy State did play # interviewer: #2 yeah # yeah I think I think they uh Troy State had played both uh {D: I think there's another Washita at some time in the past but I can't remember when I can't remember when it} whether it was when Troy had real those real good jeans in the late sixties or 741: I think so interviewer: might have been 741: it was something like the Peanut Bowl or interviewer: I can't remember who won either 741: Troy State I believe #1 I'm not sure # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well they might have been they had really they really had a powerhouse back in sixty-eight that won the uh #1 N-A-I # 741: #2 N-A-I # interviewer: s- a small college national championship 741: yeah we're you know real familiar with the N-A-I #1 around here Henderson has been uh # interviewer: #2 uh-huh is that right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: second nationally for quite a while interviewer: oh I see 741: and then they have the uh national N-A-I track meet here every year interviewer: I noticed you had some good looking facilities I didn't 741: #1 right uh-huh # interviewer: #2 get to drive around # I want to #1 later on # 741: #2 Henderson # has very nice athletic #1 facilities # interviewer: #2 uh-huh just # what I could see from the road see the football field stadium looked pretty modern look that 741: yeah it's it's nice interviewer: well let me ask you uh you were born here in Arkadelphia is #1 that right? # 741: #2 I was # born in Little Rock interviewer: oh you were born in Little Rock 741: but that was simply because my family happened to be in Little Rock at the time my father was a lawyer is a lawyer and uh at that time it was during the depression and uh he had a job in Little Rock and I just was born there but I lived there not even 'til I was two years old interviewer: is that right 741: mm-hmm my family's from here and we moved back here I've lived here all my life except three years in Hawaii interviewer: and you moved here you said when you were about two to Arkadelphia 741: mm-hmm a little less than two I have no memory of living anywhere else interviewer: that right and you said you lived for three years in Hawaii 741: mm-hmm interviewer: now did your father relocate is 741: #1 no that's my husband # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: uh was a navy physician stationed at with the marine corps interviewer: well you're talking about your parents so where is your father from? #1 where was he born # 741: #2 right here # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: in Arkadelphia? 741: mm-hmm interviewer: and you said he's a lawyer 741: right interviewer: father still alive? 741: yes mm-hmm interviewer: still practicing? 741: no he's the executive secretary of the Arkansas judicial um department interviewer: what about your father's education? did he go to school here in Arkansas 741: University of Arkansas well he went to Henderson uh right across the street for uh for college and and they had an academy there when he was in high school so he went to the Henderson high school academy whatever it was called at the time and then went on to Henderson and got a degree in violin he was a {C: laughs} football player and then went to University of Arkansas for his law degree interviewer: so was that a JD back then or a bachelor of law 741: #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: I really don't interviewer: just got a law degree he did he do his undergraduate work there or now you said 741: at Henderson interviewer: {NS} at Henderson I got you what about your mother? is she from around here 741: my mother's from Louisiana and she is deceased interviewer: what part of Louisiana specifically was she from 741: uh Shreveport uh but her family moved around some I Arkansas Louisiana just this part of the interviewer: what about uh her education? 741: she went to Henderson and graduated interviewer: was she uh what about her occupation uh 741: {D: she was a housewife mostly but uh for quite a while she had the Huie insurance agency she which was her um agency} interviewer: did you know your grandparents? 741: oh yeah interviewer: say onto your father's side? 741: mm-hmm interviewer: where was your grandfather from? 741: right here interviewer: in Arkadelphia 741: right interviewer: mad about that {X} don't last very long let's see your grandfather on your father's side you said he was from Arkadelphia 741: right interviewer: what what did he do for a living? 741: he was a lawyer interviewer: and his education? 741: uh University of Virginia interviewer: I don't remember asking if I ask you if he's still living or not 741: no he's been dead a number of years interviewer: what about his wife where is she from? 741: she was from Texas interviewer: happen to know where? 741: uh wait a minute let's see ca- yeah I do but I can't Talladega? interviewer: Talladega? there's a Talladega, Alabama 741: {D: hat's out} maybe Talladega, Alabama I think's where she was born and then she moved to Texas and I interviewer: oh really? 741: can't now what is the name of that place she's talked about it think it's close to Tyler somewhere interviewer: if you happen to #1 remember # 741: #2 I # can look it up do you want me to look it up? interviewer: oh we can do that later on 741: okay interviewer: and uh her education you know #1 anything about # 741: #2 she # graduated from the University of Texas isn't that unusual to have a grandmother that I didn't know it was unusual for a a long time but it is unusual {C: interviewer laughing} interviewer: right 741: and she started the library at Henderson that's how she came to Arkadelphia and married my grandfather in fact the library is named after her interviewer: what is her name? 741: her name is {B} library at Henderson interviewer: so she was a professional librarian 741: mm-hmm interviewer: she did that all her life? 741: no not really she I don't know how many years she did it but uh by the time I have memories of her she was not a librarian anymore interviewer: what about your other grandparents on uh your mother's side 741: my mother's father uh also attended University of Virginia graduated from the University of Virginia and I believe that her mother did go to college but I don't remember anything about her graduating out of it that's I don't hear it didn't hear anything particular about that sh- I know she did some writing but I don't think she's ever sold anything interviewer: do you know where your grandfather was born? 741: that one mm-mm Louisiana's the closest thing I know I know they always would end up back in Shreveport that that area interviewer: what about his occupation? 741: he well uh had piano stores interviewer: so retail business? 741: mm-hmm interviewer: he did the tuning and all that too? 741: well his sons uh his son did he usually hired a tuner and then eventually his youngest son could uh could tune piano and still tunes pianos in the Shreveport area interviewer: what about uh his wife do you know where she was from? 741: no interviewer: didn't know if your so was she a housewife or 741: mm-hmm makes me feel bad I should know these these things about it interviewer: bad about that too {X} 741: well I know so much about the {B} side and {X} lived here #1 where they all were # interviewer: #2 right uh-huh # 741: you know and the {D: Wellburn side is} the Louisiana side we've just kind of lost contact with but I know that uh that my grandmother on my father's side came from Texas although I think Talladega Talla- Talladega think it's where she was born but they moved to Texas at some point not sure when interviewer: how old are you now? 741: I'm forty interviewer: and your occupation? 741: right now I'm a student interviewer: is that right 741: mm-hmm interviewer: going back 741: #1 mm-hmm I'm a # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: graduate student in uh speech and drama don't let any speech and drama majors listen to that tape they'll have a heart attack on the spot {C: laughing} interviewer: now don't worry 741: #1 I can do it # interviewer: #2 I won't # 741: correctly on the stage interviewer: well have you have you taught or uh as housewife or 741: I've been a housewife interviewer: {D: gran- sweeter than him} 741: mm-hmm interviewer: that right? did you graduate from Henderson? 741: I graduated from the University of Arkansas interviewer: I see 741: twenty years ago #1 and uh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: then I came back I got a nursing degree B-S-N I started off as a freshman in drama at at the University and dropped out I mean I c- didn't I changed my major I didn't drop out I just changed my major and then just I've always loved it so I eventually went back to it when my children were older and went back to Henderson and got a a degree in theater arts hello yes I know oh well Thursday night we're performing {NS} right r- yeah right what time is the between seven thirty and nine well I'll tell you I'll send a gift I'm sorry that we'll be in makeup and ready to go at seven thirty uh well thanks a lot yeah you too okay bye bye interviewer: if I can get this straight your your first degree was that not the nursing degree 741: that it's a B-S-N nursing #1 degree from the University of Arkansas # interviewer: #2 {X} # okay 741: my second degree is a B-A in theater arts interviewer: and that one's from 741: Henderson interviewer: got that and you're working on an M-A now? 741: mm ah well I'm working on an M-S-E they don't offer an M-A sadly to say interviewer: what is that masters of science and education? how far along are you? 741: I just started #1 just # interviewer: #2 just started # 741: started this summer I've they uh offered me a scholarship and so I just thought well good easiest graduate hours I ever got I three hours for choreography and three hours for drama performance for acting I thought oh my word actually counting at graduate credit for doing what I've been doing for #1 fifteen # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: or twenty years interviewer: well what are some of the productions you've been involved in? 741: oh jillions #1 would you like # interviewer: #2 oh really # 741: to see my list of credits {C: laughs} {C: laughing} uh well I mostly do choreography and I've choreographed uh I don't know the Music Man The Marriage of Figaro Amahl and the Night Visitors Susanna uh musical comedy opera and opera mostly uh oh let's see what else I can't even think of all of 'em right now we're doing the Boy Friend and I choreographed that and a rock musical called Keep Off the Grass interviewer: mm-hmm 741: which was really fun and #1 Oliver and # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: I don't just just I just on and o- I've been doing this for twenty years so you know I've really done a lot and I do a lot of costume design interviewer: is the department of speech and theater here pretty strong at Henderson 741: unfortunately not right now it has been in the past very strong but we've had some upheavals which have been unfortunate right now it's not too strong I'd like to go well of course I have a family I wish I could go to at least the University of Arkansas and and get my masters in costuming but I can't so you know well I mean I could but I'm not gonna I'm not gonna go off and leave my family so I'm just gonna go ahead and get the education degree and do as much costuming as I can and because acting is not my I really don't like to do it I do it under duress interviewer: is that right? 741: but I love the rest of it I like directing I like and of course I wanna teach but the main reason I'm doing this either particularly the college as I would take a high school job but not with the enthusiasm that I would take a college job {C: interviewer laughing} interviewer: right right well let me ask you have have uh you been or are you now in any sort of uh civic club or professional group or a church group or anything like that anything of that sort 741: well I ha- I had been considerably more until I went back to school uh particularly the now I've sung in the choir for a jillion years you know and since I was two {NS} no not really but I you know thirteen I think interviewer: what church is that 741: methodist and uh the organization that I was the most active in I belonged to a number of junior auxiliary you know that sort of thing but the one I was most active in was the philharmonic club which is a member of the national federation of music clubs and thoroughly enjoyed that I music is music and theater are my loves interviewer: #1 right # 741: #2 and uh # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # we have very very strong clubs excellent programs we got a string movement going here which uh fed into the Arkansas symphony you know quite a number of of things like that going that uh that I really enjoyed but when I went back to sch- I just to tell you the truth just got tired of being an amateur I decided I wanted to be a professional interviewer: what about uh your husband do you uh you and he go to the same church 741: yeah #1 when he goes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: his church is the golf course interviewer: yeah occasional {X} 741: uh-huh an occasional {X} interviewer: #1 but what about # 741: #2 or as they say # for burial purposes only interviewer: uh how old is {B} 741: he's forty six interviewer: did he go where did he go for his uh college track 741: University of Arkansas interviewer: all the way? 741: all the way medical school too interviewer: is the medical school in Fayetteville or 741: Little Rock interviewer: Little Rock yeah is he in any s uh type of uh yeah civic club that type of thing 741: oh he's in rotary interviewer: rotary 741: his main occupation besides being a doctor is playing golf and taking care of his race horses he goes out every day and feeds 'em and takes care of 'em and babies 'em and so far we've not won a penny at the track {C: laughing} but but we do have some nice looking race horses interviewer: does he race up there at Hot Springs 741: we have not had one good enough yet #1 Louisiana # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: we've made Louisiana Downs and didn't have much success but we've got three coming along be ready to race interviewer: mm-hmm 741: soon o- one will be ready to race this ye- this year and then we just have one mare right now we just keep breeding her to the best that's around here which is not too good interviewer: right 741: we hope to have one good enough to run to Oaklawn there's some awfully good horses at Oaklawn interviewer: I have been I was in Hot Springs good and all an interviewer I meant to go by because I heard so much about him but I just didn't manage but apparently around here it's uh it's uh it's uh one of 'em lands #1 on 'em # 741: #2 oh it # really is it's just it's suppo- from any magazine really that you were to pick up on racing it's supposed to be just the hottest small track in the country and uh owners really like to come here a lot of 'em do and jockeys and so forth they really like it {D: particularly Dan Lasater course he's from Arkansas but he's} he really does like Oaklawn he's in all kinds of national magazines that said that he how much he likes it interviewer: what about uh doctor {B} parents where are they from? 741: they're from Missouri interviewer: you know anything about uh where his grandparents are from? 741: Missouri interviewer: all from Missouri his ancestor's from 741: right I think though that there's some right across the border in Oklahoma I mean that's they live in that little corner of Missouri that Arkansas's right below 'em and Oklahoma's to the side of 'em it's just you know it's real close and I think some of 'em came from that interviewer: what is is he uh a general practitioner #1 or a # 741: #2 right # mm-hmm interviewer: I wanna back up for just a minute uh and ask you again about that uh uh you said you were born in Little Rock but uh the circumstances around that again were? you say it was uh what I'm trying to get at is your parents are do they have roots in Arkadelphia and they just moved to Little #1 Rock for the depression # 741: #2 right # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # well it was just that that just happened be where he got the job right at that af- at that time I'm trying to think now my mother told me about that I know they married here and there had just came an opening in Little Rock and they moved up there and that happened to be where I was born but they moved back interviewer: so your parents or your father is a is an Arkadelphia native 741: right interviewer: and uh 741: my mother came here to go to school and met my father interviewer: I see 741: and just stayed interviewer: and your father's parents at least his father is an Arkadelphia native too 741: right and so is his father interviewer: now your great grandfather 741: mm-hmm interviewer: is an Arkadelphia native some the reason I I wanted to go over that is sometimes that becomes a problem #1 and # 741: #2 when # someone's born somewhere #1 el- # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # usually they in this they're they're Doctor Pederson who's the uh director of this project is uh fairly strict about that uh and usually if the person was not born in the county uh 741: it doesn't count? interviewer: well preferably you know if they in a neighboring county or something like that how far away from we from Little Rock are by the way? 741: sixty-five #1 miles # interviewer: #2 sixty-five # miles how how many counties away is that do you know? 741: about three or four I #1 believe # interviewer: #2 is # that right I ho- I hope this won't be a problem because you sound like you're gonna be a good informant I'll probably give him a call and and let him know the situation but it seems like you know that uh he would like to go in and complete the interview because you do have a lot of ancestry here in Arkadelphia and since you moved back when you were so young I hope that won't be a you know a factor but you know I have to ask about it 741: right well I understand that interviewer: well let's see oh yeah I wanted you to tell me about uh your travel have you traveled much in Arkansas or out of state 741: mm-hmm interviewer: whereabouts have you been? or {X} 741: I've been from Mexico to Canada lived in Hawaii I've been in all the states except the northwest I've been to Europe western Europe interviewer: was most of the travel done for vacation or uh 741: right exc- just except when we went to Hawaii when my husband graduated from medical school well and so he went through medical school on the Navy plan and so he had to pay back three years to the Navy so when he finished his internship he went into the Navy and I was just right out of school and so we went there for three years and the traveling we did then of course was business but it was like a vacation interviewer: well that's a that's about as perfect a setup I think I ever heard of you know being stationed in Hawaii 741: #1 oh it was marvelous # interviewer: #2 {X} # the service path 741: #1 my two sons # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: were born there interviewer: is that right do you have you have two children only 741: I've got three interviewer: you got three what are what are they uh they all doing? uh 741: well my oldest son is right now working at the hospital uh in the lab he's graduated from high school and he's going to the University of Arkansas in pre-med and then my second son who is seventeen will probably show up in a few minutes he's got a part time job at the pro shop at the country club he goes to Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and CB radio: {X} interviewer: picking up somebody's C-B go ahead 741: my daughter is fourteen and she'll be in the ninth grade she's very much into music drama CB radio: {X} interviewer: I always ha- I always heard that the French horn was the most difficult of of the orchestra instruments 741: #1 that's what they say # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: but she didn't know any better when she started off so interviewer: yeah 741: she's a pretty talented little ol' kid interviewer: yeah well could you tell me about uh the house that you were uh raised in? uh what it was like you know the the different rooms in it that sort of thing? 741: well the first house I lived in that I can remember is this house right here #1 it was my # interviewer: #2 oh really # 741: grandmother's house but it didn't look like this no- like it does now it was a typical Victorian cottage they called 'em cottages we remodeled it extensively when we moved in and then when I was about three or four we moved to the house that I lived in up until I married and that's oh about three blocks from here and it was just uh average white frame house three bedrooms two baths in those days that's pretty unusual at least for this part of the country uh living room dining room combination and kitchen breakfast room combination with a washing facilities interviewer: well what about this house as it is now? could you describe that? 741: this house right here? surely well it's of I guess you'd call it a fake Williamsburg cause I love Williamsburg although most people say well it's very reminiscent of New England we I made my first trip to New England when we took our son up to Exeter to be interviewed and it the whole town looked just like my house so I {C: laughing} just fell in love with the town #1 Exeter # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: New Hampshire just beautiful but it's very plain just uh straight lines two story grayish green CB radio: {X} 741: it has uh CB radio: {X} 741: drop dead interviewer: does that come through your stereo and all 741: #1 sometimes # interviewer: #2 that # 741: sometimes it comes through #1 the # interviewer: #2 TV # 741: the TV interviewer: it's really out of nowhere ain't it 741: the house is almost a saltbox from the outside it has a fan light over the front door with the colonial paneling a single door with uh lights on each side then it has a brick walkway out onto the front with uh well a little porch I guess you'd call it just a stoop some people would call it #1 just a # interviewer: #2 right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: uh with brick steps going down each side not from the front but down each side black wrought iron railing going across the front and down each side but it's very simple it's not ornate wrought iron at all very plain then they have uh right in the front if you're facing the house there's a {D: rowlock} of brick that has wrought iron that goes with the fan light it's shaped like the fan light very very simple then the sidewalk curves around from each of the steps curves around and meets in the center and then goes into one big sidewalk that goes out to the main sidewalk and to the street and the back of the house is a little bit different it's uh the carport has arched columns which are painted white and a curving driveway into it bay window in the kitchen French doors in the bedroom out onto a little porch that's covered and has small white wooden columns which square columns which match the carport arched columns the square columns beneath the arch columns and I found those columns in a stable in Virginia and uh I think it's behind Carter Carter's Grove is where I found those when I was uh having the house remodeled I did a lot of traveling in Virginia looking at different ways of doing steps coming up to the front door and all that kind of thing spent a lot of time in Williamsburg and the surrounding James River valley I liked it a lot interviewer: this room that we're in now you'd call this a 741: we call it the library mainly cause we have our bunch of our reference books in here I've had to divide up we've got bookcases all in the the living room too and cour- as you can see it's just jammed it was just we I really need to re- do because we've just got more books than we can get in here but I've tried to keep all the reference books in here but and we do have the television in here and this is really kind of the room we live in in the winter time we spend more time in the living room the fireplace is in there I'm not a television watcher I spend more time in the living room I read in there I'm a reader in fact the whole family are readers except the oldest son he's a television watcher interviewer: well you ment- you've got all this uh you mentioned the living room have you ever heard people around here call it anything else? besides living room 741: well my grandmother uh would call it a parlor or a sitting room all of my friends would say living room interviewer: do you if consider the living room to be the best room in the house uh 741: no I like this room better most people uh do around here but uh they will have a a living room they call it but they never live in it they never go in it the kids aren't allowed in it they you know everything's covered in damask and nobody dares walk through in their dirty feet but our living room's not like that at all it's we have the fireplace and the big scrunchy comfortable couch and I just don't like to live that formally interviewer: you mentioned couch have you ever heard that uh called anything else? 741: divan mm-hmm interviewer: do you have ever heard uh anybody call it #1 uh # 741: #2 sofa # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # right interviewer: that or what about a Chesterfield? 741: no haven't heard it called a Chesterfield interviewer: these are these are rather high ceilings about 741: #1 they're ten feet # interviewer: #2 how # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: they were twelve but we put when we put in the air conditioning we had to put the you know the duct work interviewer: right 741: and it's uh it's right above this so we had to lower 'em I didn't want to lower 'em at all but I didn't realize how cold it would be interviewer: uh-huh 741: {NW} interviewer: pretty chilly huh 741: it really gets cold in the winter with these high ceilings interviewer: you mentioned a uh fireplace I want to ask you a little bit about that what uh that open area you know in front of the fireplace what have you heard of that called? 741: the open #1 area in front of the hear- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: in front of the #1 fireplace? # interviewer: #2 yeah in # some houses with fireplaces you'll have an an open area I guess it's you know just to have a space to prevent sparks from catching fire to something 741: oh I know what you're talking about um I don't know I don't know {C: laughing} having a mental blank the hearth #1 I guess that's that's # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: the main thing that I guess you'd call it we have a it seems like there's something else I call it but I can't think of what it is interviewer: well what about uh the the big pieces of wood that are burning in a fireplace have you ever heard those referred to as 741: #1 anything # interviewer: #2 anything # 741: besides logs interviewer: yeah 741: no I really haven't interviewer: you ever heard uh people talk about back sticks or back logs 741: no interviewer: well what about the uh the wood that you use to start the fire {X} 741: #1 kindling # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: we have a gas jet but #1 I've heard of # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: kindling interviewer: you know uh that's one thing interesting thing that I've found as far as the difference between uh this area and where I'm from uh most people will say uh rather than kindling uh lightwood or 741: #1 around here? # interviewer: #2 {X} # no 741: #1 where where you're in Alabama they say lightwood instead of kindling? # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah that's a smart expression to most people that I've talked to 741: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 {X} # have you ever heard that 741: #1 no I never have # interviewer: #2 never heard of lightwood # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what about uh the things that you put the logs across inside the fireplace 741: I have a cradle uh let's see well most people have andirons interviewer: andirons 741: mm-hmm interviewer: you ever heard those called anything besides that? 741: I probably have but I can't think of it right now interviewer: ever heard it called firedogs? or dog irons? 741: dog irons I think I've heard that right interviewer: would an uh uh older person be more likely to use that do you think 741: not in my family interviewer: you say andirons 741: andirons interviewer: well what about uh you know when you burn a good bit of wood in a fireplace you'll have this black substance form on the sides 741: #1 the soot # interviewer: #2 {X} # uh and what about uh when the wood has completely burned the only thing left 741: ashes interviewer: what color are those usually? 741: gray {NS} hello yes oh good grief well listen I'm being interviewed just walk on home and listen tell the people at uh at Exxon you know at the Exxon station tell 'em about it and tell 'em to go see what's the matter with it okay bye bye interviewer: need me to pick somebody up? 741: #1 no that's okay # interviewer: #2 that's okay # 741: good boy {D: needs to walk} interviewer: that your son? 741: yes {NS} the car died again I'll tell you everything mechanical is just going to pieces #1 this summer it's just terrible # interviewer: #2 that right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # knock on wood I hope I don't have any trouble with my 741: #1 mm-kay # interviewer: #2 car # 741: we were at gray ashes interviewer: your gray ashes 741: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what what about uh you know right above the fireplace you'd usually have a 741: mantel interviewer: yeah you ever heard that called anything besides mantel 741: don't think so may have interviewer: maybe uh 741: I'm not a good crossword puzzle person if I {C: interviewer laughing} {X} CB radio: {X} 741: it's just interviewer: I see well what about uh you know the uh the thing right at the top of the house made out of brick that slope goes through the 741: chimney interviewer: now if it were uh one of these tall things uh factory or an industrial plant what would its 741: smokestack interviewer: that would be a smokestack well what about uh some typical things that you would have in your living room uh CB radio: {X} interviewer: ten-four go ahead 741: some things I would have in my living room well in my living room I CB radio: {X} 741: I wish they'd go away know what I bet that's security over at Henderson interviewer: campus police? 741: mm-hmm well in my living room I have an old trestle table which belonged to my great grandfather in fact was the board of directors table for the citizen's bank when it was formed here and was in the basement of the {D: Catter} hotel for a long time and we resurrected it and brought it back in a- it's not a very pretty piece of furniture but it holds a lot of things and I have a couch and some chairs and a piano and I wish I had some end tables it's not completely furnished yet one of these days it will be lamps what else drawings pictures paintings that sort of thing interviewer: uh do you want to shoot for a particular hour or just #1 say when # 741: #2 just go # ahead just I'll tell you when I have to interviewer: okay 741: cook supper that'll be the only thing interviewer: okay well uh what are the typical things you would have in your bedroom? 741: well we have a dresser and uh we have a small couch in there a loveseat king sized bed end tables lamps just your standard sort of thing we uh have a really lovely chest I think but prettiest new pieces I like new furniture but I do like this it's a new piece that's uh nice French in design it's really pretty it's uh has three drawers interviewer: you mentioned dresser have you ever heard people call that anything else 741: I can remember my grandmother calling these high boys that she had chiffoniers interviewer: chiffoniers now was that completely uh of drawers or was there any sort of 741: #1 trying to remember # interviewer: #2 hanging space or error # or anything like that 741: they used to have uh I c- I can remember some of the old furniture that my grandmother had that's that horrible mission oak stuff that people s- still buy can't imagine but they do but I mean everyone has their own taste they can buy what they like uh that had drawers on one side and had a had an opening that you could hang things in on the other like I guess like a small wardrobe she used to have some enormous wardrobe you know just really interviewer: and that was entirely hanging space 741: right mm-hmm interviewer: and what you call now the place where you hang your clothes that's 741: #1 the closet # interviewer: #2 just a # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about uh anything called a chifforobe 741: I've I've heard those terms but I've never heard them used in my family interviewer: you're not sure what's being described? or what's being referred to? when people #1 talk about a # 741: #2 not # interviewer: chifforobe 741: not really I'd I'd assumed it's something like the chiffon- chiffonier I just {C: laughing} I just have some sort of vague picture in my #1 mind but # interviewer: #2 right # 741: I'm not it's not terms that we use #1 no # interviewer: #2 right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # I see well what about the you know the things that are over your windows to keep out the light you call those your 741: drapes interviewer: these are the drapes and uh these things that some people have uh they're on rollers you know you can pull 'em down 741: oh shades interviewer: here you call those shades 741: right interviewer: well what about uh these things that are they're they're slanted you know and you can adjust 741: Venetian blinds interviewer: Venetian blinds some houses I don't know if this house has one or not but right underneath the uh the roof you know a space that might be used for storage or something like 741: #1 the attic # interviewer: #2 that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now were you when you were talking about uh your house your kitchen in your house have you ever seen a maybe an older house around here uh in which the kitchen was built away from the house as a 741: this one originally had that interviewer: is that 741: #1 I think # interviewer: #2 right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: but it's been added to and remodeled so many times I've never uh and it seems to me like my no I r- I haven't seen it myself I've just heard that there have been places although I can still remember the wash pot #1 in the backyard # interviewer: #2 yeah yeah # uh-huh 741: and I had a g- a gas jet under it and that great big black kettle and and uh we'd wash those clothes and have a stick #1 you know # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # right well now you ever heard that that kitchen that's built away from the house uh called anything just other than the kitchen 741: I really haven't and to tell you the truth the place I heard where I heard about that was in Virginia interviewer: fair enough 741: so I it's I'm not sure that it was common in this area or you might have to ask the older people because I'm not interviewer: well just out of curiosity do you have any idea why it was built away from the house like that 741: well uh because of the heat and fire #1 I would imagine # interviewer: #2 heat I # see well what about uh maybe a room built right off the kitchen where a person might store extra dishes or canned 741: #1 pantry # interviewer: #2 goods # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # that would be called a pantry what would what would you call say a uh things that you might keep around maybe for sentimental value but they're really not worth much maybe a broken chair or something like that 741: oh I've got a lot of those interviewer: you'd just say you had a lot of uh 741: junk interviewer: do y'all heard of of people having a separate room in their house where they kept all of that stuff? 741: no interviewer: what'd you what would you do you have any idea what it might be called if uh 741: a separate room interviewer: yeah where they kept #1 all of the # 741: #2 just # for their sentimental #1 type of thing # interviewer: #2 or just # you know things that they didn't want to get rid of or 741: #1 junk room # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 # let me ask you about this expression so you know sometimes when a woman uh gets up early in the morning she might uh go around the house straighten up something here or dust a little something there what would you say she's doing when she uh she does that sort of thing or what would you say you were doing if you did something like that 741: I'd say I was straightening up interviewer: straightening around you ever heard it put any other way? 741: not really I'm sure I I probably have but {D: S} we just very seldom talk about doing h- #1 a little housewifely chores is not what our usual conversation # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 {C: laughs} # interviewer: #2 {C: laughs} # do you ever hear of people saying tidying up or #1 anything like that # 741: #2 uh yes # uh-huh tidying up interviewer: well when do your when you're cleaning this thing that you sweep with that's a 741: the broom interviewer: have you ever seen one uh that was built uh other than the usual banner you know something or other that the in the long wood handle you ever see one that was old fashioned made entirely out of that greenish trunk 741: only in restorations interviewer: well let me ask you about this expression say if uh I were to if I were looking for the broom and uh it was in the corner and the door was open so that I couldn't see the broom you would tell me that the broom is in relation to the door it's 741: behind the door interviewer: do you ever hear of people say uh anything like was in back of the door 741: mm-mm interviewer: well let's say if you had uh you know you got all your dirty clothes and all of this uh I don't know if it's it's true nowadays but they used to I believe that women set aside undies for doing 741: #1 wash day # interviewer: #2 you know # wash day they would they would just say that they had to do their 741: washing interviewer: do their washing is there anything else that that might be 741: #1 or laundry # interviewer: #2 called # or a laundry 741: either one I'd I think I say laundry more than I do washing it's just sort of interchangeable but I do I think I do say doing the laundry but actually I don't do it very often {X} got help that {C: laughing} #1 does it so # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: I don't interviewer: yeah 741: I g- I think I say laundry more than I do washing interviewer: well is that is that uh true that uh what I was saying about make these having been wash day have you ever heard that or 741: it was years ago so I understand but I think most of us with automatic washers uh wash constantly particularly if you have many children interviewer: do you happen to know of uh uh any other days that that at one time in the past were set aside for other specific chores you ever heard of anything like that 741: mostly from reading I think although uh I can remember years back that uh that we did have specific days that the laundry was done and uh they would wash on Monday and iron on Tuesday and that sort of thing but really and truly with the way most people would share help uh you washed on the day the maid came whatever day that happened to be at least that's when my mother my mother did I'm sure that people that had full time help now my mother had full time help for a while well most of the years I think but uh and so did my grandmother but sometimes they would share a maid and when they did it was whatever day that the maid came interviewer: you were talking about the outside steps a few minutes ago now the ones inside that you go #1 up to # 741: #2 the stairway # interviewer: call that the stairway and you were talking 741: #1 or the stairs # interviewer: #2 about # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # yeah you were talking about the porch too have you ever heard people around here call that anything besides just the porch 741: I've heard some people call it a stoop interviewer: stoop now would that be uh would that uh it'd be called a stoop according to a particular size or would what you know 741: #1 I I don't don't # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: really know it's just something I've heard people call it interviewer: I see do you ever hear it called the gallery or anything? {X} 741: heard verandas but those were usually the wide porches that wrapped around the houses or at least went the length it was not just a little bitty step thing that I've got out there {D: I just don't know} know what to call that uh it's just just really just a place just to stand on but if you have a big porch it's called a porch or a veranda but that was the older people that had verandas #1 it's kind of # interviewer: #2 well what about # 741: long since gone by interviewer: well what about uh something like that except on a an upper 741: #1 the balcony # interviewer: #2 {X} # that would be the let me ask you about this expression say if I had a walk in the room and left the door open and you didn't want it to stay like that you'd probably tell me to do what 741: close the door interviewer: close the door you ever heard people say anything else? 741: shut the door interviewer: shut the door why why would you say close and not shut is that uh 741: #1 I probably would # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: say shut I have a line in the play that says close the door so I just said close the door sometimes I'd say eith- either one it's interchangeable interviewer: you know on the the outside of a a frame houses the boards that overlap each other kinda like this you know what I'm talking about you ever heard that called anything particular 741: siding interviewer: siding would that be the same thing as as what some people might call weatherboarding have you ever heard of that? and they're a CB radio: {X} interviewer: you ever heard flat board? 741: well yes I think I CB radio: {X} 741: when I said that the house I grew up in was a a clapboard house interviewer: that's a and that's what I was describing that type of uh {D: prophylactic extractor} 741: that's that's what I see in my mind's eye when I hear the word clapboard clapboard interviewer: and uh the part of the house the top part that covers everything you'd call 741: #1 the roof # interviewer: #2 that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you know right at the edge of the roof some houses have these uh things uh that will run up the edge they carry off the rainwater you know what that's called 741: yes I'm having a mental blank again uh we have uh oh pooey oh I'll think of it I'm just having a mental blank interviewer: okay well 741: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 we'll come # interviewer: I'll come back 741: #1 advanced # interviewer: #2 to it # 741: senility interviewer: well what about uh you know some houses have different slopes to the roof the at the part where the different slopes meet kinda like that have you ever heard that called anything in particular place where different slopes of a roof meet 741: oh yes uh I'm having another mental lapse just the where the pitch of the roof is at the height right that's what you're talking about interviewer: well uh not exactly say if uh well this would be the lowest point right here where my hands are touching you would these would be the different slopes you know like so and then they meet in places like this 741: right yeah I know the name of that and I can't think of it either interviewer: well have you ever heard it called a valley? 741: no interviewer: never heard it called 741: #1 no # interviewer: #2 that # 741: but there's a there is a name for it cause I remember what a hassle we had with it when we had to when we were getting this roof put on and we talked about it at length and now I can't remember what it was what we what we called it interviewer: well talking about those things that uh carry all the rain water were you thinking gutters? 741: uh we gutters right is used uh drain pipes interviewer: now are those gutters usually built into the edge or suspended or what 741: they're attached onto right to the edge of the roof interviewer: you have 'em on this house? 741: we call 'em something else too I don't can't think of what it is interviewer: what about a t- maybe a little building that you might have uh behind your house or say on a farm or wherever you might keep uh 741: toolshed interviewer: toolshed 741: #1 if that's what you're thinking # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: uh or toolhouse we call it toolhouse toolshed uh mostly interviewer: what about you know in the days before you had indoor plumbing 741: #1 the outhouse? # interviewer: #2 people would # yeah you ever heard it called anything besides out- 741: #1 oh # interviewer: #2 house # 741: heavens yes let's see I think there's about a jillion words for it {C: interviewer laughing} if I can think of any of 'em I only knew of one person that really had one I can't think of any of 'em right now interviewer: perhaps just called outdoor toilet 741: #1 they're just outhouses # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: just the outhouse that was that's the main thing that it's called is the outhouse and there's something else too that they're c- they're always talking about knocking 'em over that was the that was the big trick on Halloween is to #1 go out and knock over # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: people's outhouses interviewer: right pretty diabolical 741: #1 oh isn't that horrible # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: but I can't think what else they called 'em they had lots of names for that just all kinds of names for 'em interviewer: was it privy or 741: yeah privy if you can think of some of 'em I can tell you whether they're used around here or not I've heard lots of words used interviewer: uh-huh you ever heard it called a necessary? 741: yes I have but I've heard indoor ones called a necessary interviewer: that right 741: mm-hmm interviewer: the john 741: oh yeah {D: everybody has} that's inside or #1 outside # interviewer: #2 inside # or outside 741: anywhere interviewer: I don't know if you know anything about farms or not 741: not too much but I do know {C: interviewer laughing} I do know a little bit interviewer: okay well I just wanna ask you uh some questions about it uh if you don't know the answer that's okay um w- you know just to start off what about some names of uh buildings that you would find on a typical farm around here 741: there'd be the barn the stables the uh corrals the pens uh mostly what I know about are h- are horse farms I can tell you a lot about horse farms I've you know with #1 that being # interviewer: #2 sure # 741: you know uh there you'll find well actually at Delta farm they've actually got a a track that they work the horses on they have paddocks interviewer: now what is that? 741: a paddock is a small corral it holds one one horse usually they keep the studs in the in the paddocks usually now a paddock can be quite large it's like a corral w- corral is more of a western word and paddock is more horse language racehorse language uh and the uh oh what are all the the terminology that they use yearlings and weanlings and studs and and uh then they have uh the actual stables where they have the horses in training then they have the mare barns they have the breeding barns they have tack rooms where they keep all of the leather goods and things like that that they use to ride the horses train the horses breed the horses take care of 'em whatever manager's office the farm house uh quite often in most mo- a lot of these farms around here even horse farms or cattle farms or whatever they'll have a a storm shelter or a s- a storm cellar they call it interviewer: do you have trouble with 741: #1 tornadoes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: tornadoes are terrible around here anything else you wanna know about a horse farm {C: interviewer laughing} {X} interviewer: well let's see might as well go ahead and ask you about this uh that noise that a horse makes you 741: #1 whinny # interviewer: #2 know # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # call that a whinny 741: nicker #1 whinny # interviewer: #2 and nicker # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # means the same thing? 741: does to me a nicker usually I think of would be a shorter whinny being a l- something loud and long and shrill and a nicker just being a little little sound sometimes kind of a little affectionate sound but a a whinny can be pretty loud interviewer: what if you were going to uh get your horse uh ready to ride all that stuff that 741: #1 the grooming # interviewer: #2 you have to # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or you'd say when you put all that on you'd say you were going to your horse uh 741: saddle? interviewer: saddle or CB radio: {X} 741: no I can't think of anything else CB radio: {X} interviewer: maybe harness at all? 741: not not harness not to #1 ride that way # interviewer: #2 what would # that mean? 741: well I guess you could harness to me when you put a horse in a harness see or a you're gonna uh hitch up a wagon to him or you're gonna hitch up a plow to him a harness usually at least to me denotes a very long reins and lots of other trappings on him besides just the light little bridle and and saddle that you would for either pleasure riding or for racing harness is usually pretty heavy duty equipment interviewer: what about the things that you put your feet in when you 741: #1 stirrups # interviewer: #2 ride # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and those things that go on the horse's feet to protect 'em 741: #1 what # interviewer: #2 call those # 741: the shoes? interviewer: shoes 741: horseshoes interviewer: have you ever heard of people around here playing games with those things? 741: oh sure they play horseshoes interviewer: do they ever would they say pitching 741: #1 pitch horseshoes # interviewer: #2 horseshoes # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and what about uh the part of the horse's uh foot that you put the horseshoes on 741: #1 hoof # interviewer: #2 the # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and with the plural you say 741: hooves interviewer: now getting back to a just a regular farm have you ever heard of any uh building uh that a farm would use to store some kind of grain in 741: silo interviewer: you'd call it a silo any anything 741: #1 grain # interviewer: #2 else # 741: elevator interviewer: what about would corn be stored in a silo or 741: #1 oh you're talking about a # interviewer: #2 is that # 741: corn bin interviewer: corn bin 741: mm-hmm interviewer: have you ever heard that called a corn crib? 741: corn crib mm-hmm I've heard of mostly the f- th- farms I've been on they call 'em bins corn crib is is an old word but it's not one that I really hear associated with modern any kind of modern far- farming interviewer: any sort of building uh that might be used for storing grain called a granary you ever heard of that? 741: I've heard the word grainery but I I haven't heard it referred to as any specific building interviewer: well what about the part of the barn where uh the hay might be kept 741: #1 hayloft # interviewer: #2 in # hayloft 741: mm-hmm and I don't think I've ever heard it called anything but a hayloft or just a loft interviewer: you know sometimes when the upper part of the {X} before he bales it it might be piled up in these big things 741: #1 the big stacks # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: the haystacks I don't think we ever see haystacks anymore interviewer: is that right is it all baled now or 741: #1 it's all # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: baled by these big baling machines and uh in fact now they're going into the great huge rolls of it #1 so that we don't see hay stacks anymore we see great huge hay rolls # interviewer: #2 yeah yeah right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: uh but course now we for our farm we still get the bales of hay and they just they just bale it right out there in the fields and they just leave the bales just sitting there and then you come along with your truck and pick 'em up and and stack 'em interviewer: can you remember the last time you saw a haystack? 741: yeah in Europe {C: laughing} interviewer: oh really 741: yeah {C: interviewer laughing} uh interviewer: what about around here? 741: seems to me like there is a farm back way back in the back woods uh we were moving a mare I think down to Delta farm that's down in {D: Okolona} and it seems to me like one of those farms way back there in the woods had a haystack but that's to me the only time I can even remember seeing and I mean they baled hay around here for at least what I've seen for as long as I can remember interviewer: could you describe the shape of it very briefly? what you would think of as a haystack? 741: the shape of it well it's kind of shaped like a cone slightly fatter than a cone more uneven interviewer: did you happen to know whether uh those things have a pole running up through the middle of 'em have you ever 741: #1 I would assume # interviewer: #2 heard of that # 741: that they do but I don't really know I've never seen one up close I w- I would think that they do interviewer: now used to what the farmer would bring in his hay from the field he would usually put it in a wagon and it would have this type of wooden thing right on the sides of the wagon that would uh support the hay know what I'm talking 741: #1 mm-mm # interviewer: #2 about # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you ever heard that piece they call it a hay rack on a wagon 741: #1 no you're you're you're getting here # interviewer: #2 {D: not particularly} # 741: {D: yourself} interviewer: okay any particular terms you've ever heard a small piles of hay just raked up in the field? 741: mm-mm interviewer: are you familiar with the word {D: winnows} 741: no I'm not I'm not {X} have very little farm #1 background # interviewer: #2 that's # okay that's alright there I just wanna ask you the questions to see if you have heard of 'em or what about the shelter other than the barn or uh storing hay might consist of say four poles and some sort of roof that the hay average bale would be put under 741: mm-hmm I don't know what that would be called I kn- I know what you mean but I interviewer: so you've seen them around 741: #1 I've seen # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: most people put their hay in barns again mainly cause we've got such strong winds and and um when the rain comes in it blows it and it would be n- it wouldn't be too uh it would rot you know if it gets wet and most people do keep 'em in barns where they're enclosed all the way around you would only put it out that would unless you're talking about a feeding area where they would put the #1 the hay out # interviewer: #2 {D: now wouldn't} # yeah 741: the hay out in these little racks uh they'd have little roofs over 'em and the livestock will come up and and eat from 'em but I've never seen 'em really leave 'em there like you do in a in a hayloft or a barn interviewer: is there any uh place where a farmer might keep his cows inside so even bad weather or just put 'em in the 741: they just stay outside I hear they d- {C: laughing} really do they d- they don't freeze or anything so they oh we have very little really bad freezing weather interviewer: have you ever heard of anything called a cow barn? around here 741: sure {C: doorbell} but they I don't do I don't believe they really keep cows in 'em they might Mike I want you to meet mister Basset and this is my son Mike interviewer: #1 how you doing # Aux: #2 mister Basset # interviewer: #1 # Aux: #2 # interviewer: glad to meet you 741: #1 from # Aux: #2 sir # 741: Alabama and what's the name of the institution you're with? interviewer: well I'm working with Emory 741: #1 Emory University # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: #1 working on # interviewer: #2 sure am # 741: your master's or your doctorate? interviewer: PhD 741: wonderful it's uh he's a linguist Mike interviewer: trying to be not quite there yet so you had trouble with your car #1 out there # Aux: #2 oh # yes was terrible 741: it sure is it's bad now speaking of this is very interesting his speech has changed considerably since he's been in school in New Hampshire #1 he's # interviewer: #2 is that right # 741: very embarrassed about our Arkansas heritage {C: interviewer laughing} his he thinks that it's really a yo-yo to be a southerner right #1 now so we're hoping that he's going to outgrow that {C: interviewer laughing} # Aux: #2 {X} # 741: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 741: he was just horrified with the idea of us coming up to visit him and all of his {D: all of your Yankee friends hearing us Elly May Clampett coming to the Northeast} interviewer: {X} 741: #1 I said # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} {X} Aux: {D: my god} almost 741: but they all say Mike sounds like a Yankee now everybody down #1 here # Aux: #2 every # body down here thinks it's absurd 741: Mike you sound like a Yankee Aux: my 741: #1 in fact they won't even call him # Aux: #2 father {X} # 741: Mike they call him Michael up there because Mike is is a Aux: #1 derogatory term # 741: #2 derogatory # term Aux: #1 to the Irish up there # interviewer: #2 yeah yeah # 741: mm-hmm interviewer: oh yeah oh yeah Aux: gonna have something to drink I walk home walked home 741: mm-kay interviewer: oh let's see oh yeah what about uh any any particular name for the place where a farmer would milk his cows that you've ever heard of 741: milking they have milking barns milking sheds interviewer: well what about uh the place where a farmer would keep his hogs that would be the 741: pig pen interviewer: pig pen do you know if most of those uh that you know about were they open or was some was there some kind of shelter or enclosure 741: only times I've ever seen pigs they've been out just out in the in a pen and I d- I don't them think that they probably did have some sort of sheltered area but I'm I'm really not that's just not my field interviewer: yeah well what about uh say a uh a farm in which the uh the farmer raised cattle exclusively for milk and butter that sort of thing you'd call 741: #1 the dairy # interviewer: #2 that # 741: dairy farmer interviewer: is there anything else that you would use the word dairy in reference to 741: just dairy #1 products # interviewer: #2 dairy # products 741: milk eggs I mean not eggs but milk and you know all that butter and interviewer: what a what about a processing plant that 741: #1 I'd # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: call it a dairy yeah interviewer: dairy too have you ever heard of uh a place uh this would be used years ago before refrigeration uh where a farmer might take his milk and his butter you know things that were perishable 741: mm-hmm interviewer: maybe to uh a place where he had running water and put 'em in the water to keep 'em 741: #1 I've heard of # interviewer: #2 cool # 741: that uh-huh interviewer: no particular name 741: #1 no uh oh # interviewer: #2 as far as you can remember # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: well yes I have too if I could think of it actually where I think I heard of it was at the territorial restoration in Little Rock uh hmm there's rings a bell some where but I I don't really I've never known anyone that actually did it but I have heard of it interviewer: have you ever heard of people putting it down a well 741: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 to keep it # cool 741: mm-hmm interviewer: were you thinking of springhouse or 741: #1 springhouse right # interviewer: #2 something like that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: #1 I've heard of a springhouse # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what about the place on the barn the barn on the farm uh maybe around the barn an open place where the cattle might walk Auxiliary 1: He'd probably try to get in touch with me in the next few days 741: Well I hope so hope he hasn't absconded with the files why he would I #1 can't imagine. # Auxiliary 1: #2 Why I have # no idea why he would 741: #1 Mike # Auxiliary 1: #2 sir # 741: is managing my father's rent property this #1 summer. # Auxiliary 1: #2 Yeah a # slumlord 741: He yeah that's the truth. and uh so the guy that's been managing it I g- was he a college student you suppose? #1 well anyway we # Auxiliary 1: #2 I guess. # 741: can't he seems to have left and we can't find him and he's got the files and the #1 keys and the # interviewer: #2 Oh great. # 741: everything and interviewer: {X} Auxiliary 1: It is. but he wasn't too worried about it so 741: Dick wasn't worried. #1 about it? # Auxiliary 1: #2 No. # 741: Okay. {C: distorted audio} Auxiliary 1: Not at all. 741: You wanna stay and listen? Auxiliary 1: I think I will listen a little bit. interviewer: mm-kay I was asking you uh you know about the the place around uh the barn where the cattle might just 741: #1 Mill around. # interviewer: #2 walk around. # Yeah that kind of thing you ever heard that called anything 741: #1 Like # interviewer: #2 particular # 741: the barnyard. interviewer: Barnyard sure you ever heard it called a lot? 741: A lot? interviewer: mm-hmm 741: Heard a lot of things called a lot I'm not that in area in specific interviewer: I see 741: Specifically. interviewer: what about the place where your your cows might graze you'd call that the 741: Pasture. interviewer: when when you think of pasture do you think of that as being fenced in or open or what 741: Definitely fenced in. interviewer: fenced in what what type of of fencing would uh probably be around a pasture? 741: barbed wire most of the time around here interviewer: do you know of any other type of wire fence in used in this area? 741: yes they'd what what is that called I've forgotten what #1 that stuff is called oh well they # Auxiliary 1: #2 they use chicken wire # 741: use chicken wire but not for not #1 for uh for cows # Auxiliary 1: #2 not for cows # or anything like that um 741: they have a some kind of mesh type of fence that's good they use a lot now using more and more of it because the barb- the barbed wire is uh you know it would hurt scratches the they get infections and all kinds of stuff from it I don't know what it's what it's really called they're using more and more of it though interviewer: well in the days before uh wire fencing became uh uh used any other type of fence that uh might have possibly been used around the pasture or 741: probably those those cross stick things whatever they are I don't know split rail interviewer: rail fence? 741: might have been I ha- really have I'm that's a guess #1 I have no idea # Auxiliary 1: #2 well considering that # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # barbed wire came in in eighteen sixty-eight or something like that that's been used use has been widespread since then I don't know it'd be hard to remember I doubt anybody around here's ever seen 741: #1 well Arkadelphia # Auxiliary 1: #2 anything else # 741: was settled in eighteen thirty-six so they must have had some sort of fencing before that they had mostly plantations well I believe at that #1 time I think came # interviewer: #2 do you ever see any uh # rail fences around here are there any left? 741: well I say rail fences but they're new rail fences #1 they're they're # interviewer: #2 I see # 741: not uh and they're not they're used for show they're not used to #1 keep anything in you know # interviewer: #2 right right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # have you ever seen the rail fence of the type that was constructed so it zigzagged? 741: #1 mm-hmm oh yeah I j- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: I love those I th I think they're really charming but they're again they're usually they're usually for show they're not for interviewer: not really 741: #1 not really # interviewer: #2 functional # 741: for function everybody farmers that I know of just you know they have just the regular pole and wire you know just to interviewer: do you know if uh any cotton is raised in this area? 741: quite a bit interviewer: is that right 741: there used to be more than there is now cause they've got a lot in soybeans and rice and things like that interviewer: do you happen to know about any of the work that's done in raising cotton 741: just picking it #1 all I know # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: {NW} interviewer: what's well do you know what people mean when they talk about chopping cotton? 741: right they're chopping leaves #1 out o- # interviewer: #2 chopping # 741: #1 out of the # interviewer: #2 leaves # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # any any types of weeds in particular that you have trouble around 741: #1 I'm # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: sure they do I just don't know what they are. interviewer: Johnson grass maybe or 741: probably any anything we have Johnson grass you got Johnson grass? interviewer: {X} 741: #1 you called it Jonathan? # Auxiliary 1: #2 he said Johnson # 741: #1 oh he said Johnson # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 {X} # Auxiliary 1: #2 he said Johnson # 741: I thought he said Jonathan #1 grass and that was a # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: new one on me interviewer: strange new variety do you have kudzu in this area? 741: I think that's what we have over there at Henderson of ga- of by the #1 those # Auxiliary 1: #2 pardon # 741: vines #1 that are growing all over the trees # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Auxiliary 1: I have no idea 741: it's I think that's kudzu I've seen kudzu #1 before growing all over # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: the trees. Auxiliary 1: I have no idea 741: it's I think that's kudzu I've seen kudzu #1 before and I believe they have # interviewer: #2 it's it's getting ready # to take over in my part of the #1 country # 741: #2 is that # right? interviewer: really 741: I believe there's some right over up uh along the highway over there I believe #1 Henderson # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: does have some Auxiliary 1: I think they tried to kill it all off and I think they got it 741: #1 you think they got it? # Auxiliary 1: #2 I don't know # can't remember 741: well they still I think it's still there interviewer: well what about the place where a farmer's uh cotton or corn would grow you'd call that a 741: field interviewer: and what about something uh oh maybe where you would grow peas maybe something like a field but possibly smaller 741: you're talking about a pea patch interviewer: patch yeah so there is a you do distinguish between a field and a patch 741: well I don't really but I've heard s- #1 pea patch # interviewer: #2 yeah # do you do you think of a patch as being smaller than a field? 741: I would yes I yeah I would interviewer: #1 {X} # 741: #2 But you # see what I would think of it you know as small gardening so I would consider it a garden interviewer: I see 741: and I think most people call it a garden I don't think most people call 'em a patch I have heard of a pea patch but most people just talk about their vegetable garden or their garden and that's usually a small as differenti- you know differentiating from uh a large huge area where they really grow it for selling on a mass scale interviewer: to get back to fences for just a minute have you ever seen this type of fence uh that's uh well people usually have around their yards or their gardens that's usually painted white 741: picket #1 fence # interviewer: #2 picket # fence #1 Is that # 741: #2 Not # too many of 'em around here but #1 I j- # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: we they used to have more than they do now interviewer: well what about talking about barbed wire fences these things that you would uh string the wire across when you're putting up the fence those would be the 741: the poles that's all I call {C: background noise} #1 it fence poles # Auxiliary 1: #2 I got it # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # interviewer: yeah you mean with this thing that uh would be used for for digging the holes for those 741: #1 post hole digger # interviewer: #2 things post # {NW} 741: that's what they call P-H-Ds around here you know interviewer: probably not a bad 741: #1 no we just had a this # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: one man just really used to tease a friend of ours that has a P-H-D and he was always calling him a post hole digger interviewer: yeah are there any uh walls or fences around here made out of loose stone or rock or anything like that? 741: there probably are I haven't I haven't seen the ruins of 'em I know there are some that have been built lately interviewer: what would uh you say that your best dishes are made out of 741: China. interviewer: you ever seen an egg made out of something like that that the farmer might use to try to fool a hen into laying 741: no I haven't interviewer: never heard of that? never heard of a nest egg or a 741: I've heard of a nest egg but I thought that was money interviewer: could be yeah or an artificial some kind of artificial egg 741: #1 no a nest egg to # interviewer: #2 that would be uh # 741: me simply means that's some amount of money you've got set aside #1 for # interviewer: #2 I see # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about if you were uh going out to the barn or wherever to milk your cows the thing that you would take with you to catch the milk in 741: um pail interviewer: call that a #1 pail # 741: #2 but I'd # really call it a bucket you think of a milking pail but uh if it were not being used to milk I would call it a bucket interviewer: well are bucket and pail the same thing to you then? 741: mm-hmm interviewer: what do you usually think of as being made of? 741: heavens some sort of metal um I guess it wouldn't be aluminum must be tin interviewer: have you ever heard of uh any kind of bucket that uh that might have been kept around uh the kitchen to throw scraps in for the hogs 741: oh gosh {C: laughing} that sounds gross Auxiliary 1: what 741: he said some kind of bucket that's kept around the the kitchen to throw scra- {D: oh} throw scraps for the hogs interviewer: real depravity around here never heard of uh a slop bucket? 741: a s- yes I've heard of a slop bucket but a slop bucket well I now I that's a slop jar {X} okay #1 you know what we're talking about # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: I've heard of a slop jar uh slop bucket yeah #1 I've a- # interviewer: #2 gotta slop # the hogs you heard that 741: oh yeah heard of slopping the hogs right I've heard {D: Emmet} calling the hogs too I've even ev- I've even heard a woman do it interviewer: oh yeah we get into that 741: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 I'll ask you # about that 741: okay interviewer: what about uh uh this thing that you would use to fry eggs fry 741: skillet interviewer: like that you ever heard that called anything besides skillet? 741: frying pan interviewer: frying pan you ever heard any anything like that that was used uh years ago uh in the fireplace actually cooking in the fireplace might had legs 741: oh I've seen those but I don't know what they're called I I've seen 'em in restorations I've never seen anybody do it interviewer: well what about these uh containers that you would put cut flowers in uh you would call 741: #1 a vase # interviewer: #2 that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now the things that the flower would grow in that wouldn't be a vase but a Auxiliary 1: flowerpot 741: yeah flowerpot {C: laughing} #1 Oh yeah # interviewer: #2 flower # pot would you would you keep any flowerpots inside your house or would that uh 741: a lot of people do but I I ha- have very few I do have one or two interviewer: what about uh the names of the utensils that you eat with just at an ordinary meal you have your 741: you're talking about knives forks spoons interviewer: mm-hmm that's what 741: serving pieces silver {D: with those} we usually refer to it silv- as silver although we use stainless steel every day interviewer: talking about a meal after you get through with the meal uh uh what you have to do to get your dishes clean 741: #1 wash the dishes # interviewer: #2 you say you're gonna # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and to remove the excess soap you then 741: rinse 'em interviewer: what about that um that cloth that you use when you're #1 washing dishes. # 741: #2 A washcloth. # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: and the one that you use to dry 741: dish towel. interviewer: dish towel what about the ones about that size that you might use to bathe your face when you're taking a bath 741: washcloth interviewer: and the bigger one that you #1 dry off with. # 741: #2 Towel. # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: if uh well in your kitchen over your sink the thing that the water comes out of what do you call 741: #1 faucet # interviewer: #2 that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now what if it were outside you 741: #1 faucet # interviewer: #2 know # still a faucet you've probably seen these big uh portable water containers that uh well sometimes when men work out on the highway they'll have 'em you know the water supply there's usually a little button or some kind of thing that you can press and the water will come out of it 741: Oh spigot. #1 is that what you're looking for? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Okay. interviewer: say uh let me ask you about this expression if you turn on your water one morning in the winter but nothing came out you might say well 741: #1 the pipes # interviewer: #2 the pipes # 741: are frozen interviewer: and sometimes they actually when they 741: break interviewer: right you ever heard of people say well the pipes must have uh any other way of saying it besides break? the pipes Auxiliary 1: burst is what he's looking 741: #1 burst # Auxiliary 1: #2 for # yeah 741: no we'd say break I think {C: laughing} interviewer: what about uh oh a long time ago if uh you were buying a large amount of flour you have any idea what they might uh come in? 741: flour sacks interviewer: sack or 741: mm-hmm interviewer: what about this these these big wooden things with staves and all that you'd call that 741: barrels? interviewer: is there anything uh like a barrel except smaller I think uh nails used to be packed 741: #1 keg # interviewer: #2 into 'em # keg what about this uh metal thing that goes around the barrel to keep the staves in place what'd you call that 741: I don't call it I don't know what it's called {C: laughing} interviewer: you never heard of people call it barrel hoop or anything like that? 741: #1 no # interviewer: #2 not # familiar with that 741: you had one? Auxiliary 1: oh yeah I have yes interviewer: what about if uh if you wanted to buy a say a large amount of of water uh do you have any idea {X} Auxiliary 1: {X} interviewer: may not be familiar with but uh do you have any idea what that might have come in 741: I have no I don't huh-uh interviewer: you never heard of people talk about a stand a lard you're not 741: #1 no # interviewer: #2 familiar # Auxiliary 1: never heard that interviewer: say if you wanted to uh pour some liquid into a small mouth bottle the thing that you would 741: #1 funnel # interviewer: #2 use # you'd use a funnel and this thing that you people used to use when they were uh when they had buggies you know they'd crack around the horses ears 741: #1 a buggy whip # interviewer: #2 to make 'em # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh if you were going to the grocery to 741: now I know about going to #1 the grocery store # interviewer: #2 okay # 741: I know all about {C: laughing} going to the grocery store. interviewer: after you make your purchase the the grocer puts your uh things in a 741: Sack. interviewer: what is that usually made out of 741: paper interviewer: any other type of sack you could have uh uh made of anything other than paper that 741: #1 like a plastic # interviewer: #2 might be # 741: bag or something else interviewer: or say something maybe that uh say potatoes would be you know packaged in what would you call that potatoes or fertilizer or uh Auxiliary 1: oats interviewer: peanuts or oats or something Auxiliary 1: like in burlap 741: oh like tow sacks oh interviewer: is that what you'd call that? 741: I call it that's what I call a tow sack I don't buy #1 potatoes in 'em # Auxiliary 1: #2 call 'em burlap # burlap bag or burlap sacks interviewer: some kind of heavy coarse 741: burlap or feed s- just feed sacks but they're quite often made out of paper too heavy paper interviewer: have you ever heard a a tow sack called anything else? 741: the tow sack? interviewer: just 741: that's that's all I've #1 ever heard it # interviewer: #2 {X} # people in our part of country #1 call it? # 741: #2 nuh-uh # interviewer: say croker sacks. 741: #1 oh really # Auxiliary 1: #2 I've # heard of that yeah 741: have you heard of I haven't heard of it just tow sack is all I have #1 ever heard that called # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 feed there # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: feed sacks and tow sacks and feed sacks are flour what was it they used to have these flour mills a flour sacks that people would make dresses out of and sheets #1 out of # interviewer: #2 right # 741: and dolls #1 out of # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: I can remember that having been but that was a finer type of material than a tow sack tow sack is a burlap bag interviewer: I see 741: to us interviewer: well I hate to leave the grocery but have you ever heard of say if a farmer had to take some corn to the mill the amount that he would take at one time have you ever heard any uh designation for that just the amount that he could take at 741: #1 like bushels or # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # 741: or bushels or truckloads or uh interviewer: have you ever heard uh people talk about a turn of corn as maybe as meaning an amount that he could take at one time what about this uh if this burned out right here this thing that you have 741: #1 the light bulb # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if you were going outside to hang up your clothes to dry what would you probably carry them out in 741: oh just a clothes basket interviewer: now this thing that uh if you were bottling some liquid a thing that you might stick in the mouth of the bottle to keep the liquid from spilling out that would be a 741: stopper {X} Auxiliary 1: {X} I mean when you're pouring it in or when interviewer: oh no after you Auxiliary 1: #1 oh okay # interviewer: #2 {X} # the thing that you #1 {X} # 741: #2 Yes stopper. # interviewer: what would that be made out of? 741: well cork I g- I guess interviewer: {X} 741: I've never bottled any liquid but I would {X} if I were bottling wine I would use a cork stopper interviewer: now what about uh these things there they're musical instruments so you can play 'em you know like so with your mouth move 'em back and forth 741: oh yeah uh harmonica interviewer: ever heard that called anything else? 741: Jew's harp Auxiliary 1: oh it's not a Jew's harp mouth organ 741: mouth organ Auxiliary 1: #1 mouth organ. # 741: #2 {X} # interviewer: Jew's harp and a harmonica are different? 741: I have no #1 idea # Auxiliary 1: #2 they are different # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # 741: are they di- I didn't know that Auxiliary 1: make a much different sound I'm not quite sure you play 'em both with your mouth but a Jew's harp you 741: harmonica's what I've heard most Auxiliary 1: you sort of pluck a Jew's harp 741: oh do oh that's right somebody told me that okay interviewer: have you ever heard a harmonica called a French harp? 741: yeah I sure have but I haven't heard that in golly I have heard that but it's been many a year interviewer: do you remember if you heard it from an older person #1 or? # 741: #2 It must've # been it just you know way back in my youth that seems like a French harp right I think like my grandfather would talk about a French harp I'm sure he did yeah whoa been a long time interviewer: well could you tell me uh a few of the common tools that you might have around the house to do yardwork or minor repairs or something like that 741: rakes and hammers and edgers and clippers and what do we nah Auxiliary 1: #1 saw sometimes # 741: #2 {X} # #1 Sometimes hatchets # Auxiliary 1: #2 wrenches # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # 741: wrenches and pliers just old common ordinary type of things interviewer: what do you know about wagons is there anything 741: #1 wagons # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: #1 you're # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: what you're gonna show in this study is the the sublime ignorance of #1 of people who don't # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: live on farms about what go what goes on in interviewer: do you happen to know what that long uh wooden piece is called that goes between the horses? 741: the tongue interviewer: now what about a kind of buggy the things that you would back the horse between 741: oh yeah mm-hmm I should know that I can't think of it though doesn't come to me interviewer: you ever hear heard it called shavs buddy shavs 741: hmm-mm I'm not sure I've ever heard it called but may have interviewer: well getting back to the wagon uh you know what the traces are on a wagon have you ever heard that these uh chain like things anyway that uh attach 741: oh yeah interviewer: do you know what those the the thing is called that the traces come back and attach to it's kind of a horizontal block like thing that you ever heard 741: oh uh no I mean I #1 I know I have # interviewer: #2 what were you about to # say 741: well I I don't know #1 I g- # interviewer: #2 oh # 741: uh but I I have it the thing that turns interviewer: yeah yeah you ever heard it called a singletree? 741: nuh-uh interviewer: you haven't heard singletree I guess you haven't heard of doubletree either 741: no interviewer: {NW} okay. what about let me ask you about this expression say if you saw a man uh riding by in his wagon and he had uh a load of wood and a little while later he came back it was empty and shortly afterwards he came back with another load and this went on you know for a pretty long time what would you say he was doing? 741: he was carrying wood interviewer: have you ever heard people use the expression hauling wood 741: hauling yes sure interviewer: well what about uh uh you mentioned plow a minute ago you happen to know the name of the type of plow that was used for breaking the ground uh for planting the first round you ever heard of a turning plow 741: mm-hmm that's what it is? Auxiliary 1: {NW} interviewer: what about uh any other kind of plow that might be used afterwards to break up the ground finer 741: I really d- I Auxiliary 1: Maybe a harrow or something like that? interviewer: yeah you heard of a harrow 741: yes but I didn't know what it was interviewer: what about one thing I meant to ask you when we're talking about wagons the thing that the wagon wheels turn 741: #1 the axle # interviewer: #2 on what'd you call # that or talking about the wagon wheel again the uh in the middle you have the hub you know 741: #1 mm-hmm and spokes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 coming out from # interviewer: #2 yeah spokes # come out from the hub 741: #1 and then the rim # interviewer: #2 what would # yeah have you ever heard the term uh uh felly used 741: #1 {X} # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: little female horse? interviewer: no no when reference to a wagon wheel 741: a filly? interviewer: a felly felly not filly 741: oh interviewer: felly you haven't heard that? or felloe I think it's called sometimes uh {X} this thing uh uh carpenters use 'em did these on their frames the ends of 'em are kinda shaped like the letter A you know? uh you might use uh a pair of 'em to 741: #1 oh saw horse # interviewer: #2 {X} # sawhorse have you ever seen or heard of anything like that except shaped like the letter X made out of puts a log in the middle of it and saw it off like that 741: mm I've st- I've seen it but I don't know what it's called interviewer: have you ever heard uh you probably sawbuck or 741: I've heard the word sawbuck #1 but I don't # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: I don't associate it with anything interviewer: what about wood rack have you ever heard of that? what about you know when you get up in the morning you go to the bathroom and straighten your hair you might use a comb or a 741: brush interviewer: and you'd just say that you your hair 741: I brushed my hair own hair interviewer: have you do you ever heard of this thing that uh men used to use to uh sharpen their straight razors on you know 741: Razor strap interviewer: razor strap you ever seen those around anymore? 741: I don't think I've ever seen one period Auxiliary 1: #1 {X} # 741: #2 {X} # {D: hey} Auxiliary 1: they still have 'em in barber shops 741: well I don't go to barber shops Auxiliary 1: well I just realized that but interviewer: let me ask you about this expression say uh if uh if a tree had fallen across the road so that you couldn't get by you might say that you need to tie a rope around that thing and see if you can it off? 741: pull it off? interviewer: pull it off or Auxiliary 1: haul it off or something interviewer: haul it off or #1 or maybe # 741: #2 I'd say pull it off # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: anything else you might say you know uh uh uh maybe drag it off? 741: yeah drag it off interviewer: what about the the past form of that word what would you say? you'd say today I drag it yesterday I 741: I I dragged it interviewer: have you ever heard somebody use the expression well we had to get a piece of rope and snake that log across the road haven't heard that? these things that uh you fire in shotguns most people call 'em shells shotgun shells you have any idea what you would call the things you fire in a pistol or a rifle? 741: what'd you call it a shotgun? Auxiliary 1: no a rifle the ammunition it'll run 741: oh the a- oh the ammunition of a r- shells? interviewer: a shell or 741: um Auxiliary 1: bullets 741: #1 bullets but # interviewer: #2 bullets # 741: mostly shells I hear 'em called I've not or don't they use they don't use shells for rifles? Auxiliary 1: well they do but shells are usually a larger gauge guns #1 but # 741: #2 oh # Auxiliary 1: uh they're shells but they're also bullets in those kind I'd say interviewer: have you ever heard them called cartridges around here? 741: mm-hmm Auxiliary 1: cartridges 741: mm-hmm interviewer: these uh things that I don't know you might have played on when you were when you were little but uh you know kids would get on each side 741: #1 seesaw # interviewer: #2 like # so what did you say you were doing doing that 741: {NW} I don't remember saying that saying that we were doing it interviewer: did did you ever heard people a kid say they're seesawing or 741: #1 seesawing or # interviewer: #2 something like that # Auxiliary 1: #1 it's a verb right # 741: #2 riding # teeter totter or whatever interviewer: well what about the thing you know that goes around uh that you could get on and spin 741: #1 oh yeah those things # interviewer: #2 {X} # anchored in the middle 741: right what are those things called don't remember what they were called flying Jenny? #1 no # Auxiliary 1: #2 yeah # 741: #1 that what # Auxiliary 1: #2 yeah # 741: that thing was flying Jenny interviewer: would that be the same thing as a merry go round Auxiliary 1: #1 we always # 741: #2 no # Auxiliary 1: called it a merry go round 741: it might be called a merry go round? #1 {D: I bet there f-} # Auxiliary 1: #2 Well # 741: flying Jenny a merry go rou- a flying Jenny I think just had if I can remember the the new merry go round things are are kind of a solid piece of wood and have lots of little things on 'em where people can hang on to flying Jennies I don't remember being that elaborate interviewer: yeah well what about the things that are are used they're real common uh uh suspended from a limb of the tree by couple of ropes and 741: #1 the swing # interviewer: #2 you had # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # but was those usually made out of just a plank say or have you ever seen 'em constructed in any other way? 741: bag swing? interviewer: {X} 741: a bag swing interviewer: now what is that 741: oh you're kidding {NW} haven't you ever #1 ridden a bag swing # Auxiliary 1: #2 {NW} # 741: well I g- uh well you can t- take a a tow sack of whatever and they'd fill it up with something sawdust I don't know what they fill it up with {NS} and tie it at the top and have a big heavy rope that comes down and then you get on that bag swing and here you go {NS} but you usually have to start um from something kind of high and you just uh it makes up a seat you just hop on it and it just really really #1 swings # interviewer: #2 just # had a single rope 741: #1 just one rope # interviewer: #2 {X} # one rope 741: mm-hmm interviewer: have you ever seen it made out of tires or 741: tire swing sure interviewer: bag swing no that's new on me 741: oh bag swings are great they are fact course lots of kids get hurt on 'em they had one outside of our church when y'all were I had to go they had to get the choir mothers to come supervise the bag swing because some kid got his arm broken they would get on top of a car or on top of a a Auxiliary 1: {D: they had like a ladder} 741: garage oh top of a ladder? Auxiliary 1: about a ten foot ladder 741: #1 uh-huh and got on top # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: of it oo boy and then you just gotta stride it like a horse Auxiliary 1: mm-hmm 741: I said um they're they're great I'm surprised in Alabama they don't have bag swings interviewer: oh we had tire swings but I don't remember any bag swings I don't know well what about uh say if you were uh {D: a purple burning coal} in his stove or something like that uh the container that he might keep his supply of coal in next to the stove you know inside his house have you ever heard that anything like that really called anything in particular? 741: you know around here we just don't have much coal burning I've I've never I've heard of coal bins in the basements and stuff like that but that's from other areas of the country not not from around here interviewer: have you ever heard of a coal stove? 741: yeah but mostly in antique shops interviewer: what does that even look like? 741: well if this is what I think they are uh they're usually but this is if I've got the right thing it's usually made out of something like copper and has a it's round and has kind of it resembles a pitcher a little bit interviewer: well talking about a stove what about the the pipes that that go from the back of the stove up to the uh 741: #1 stove pipe # interviewer: #2 the s- # stove pipe and what about the thing uh the part of the chimney that's goes from that point up to the roof of the house you know you ever heard that called anything in particular? {NS} Auxiliary 1: flue 741: the flue? yeah I guess interviewer: call it a flue or if we were talking about uh tools #1 {X} # 741: #2 oh I am having to # go back in my #1 memory to # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: oh to remember some of these things interviewer: yeah I know what you mean it's rough what about the thing that you might use in the yard to say you could put a lot of dirt in it or something like that has two panels with a wheel 741: wheelbarrow interviewer: wheelbarrow ever heard that called anything else? 741: I'm sure I have wheel bar interviewer: #1 Wheel bar. # 741: #2 {NW} # interviewer: have you ever heard people around here call it a Georgia buggy? 741: huh-uh interviewer: never heard that or say this if you had a a farmer had an ax and he wanted to sharpen it put an edge on it this uh big thing 741: grindstone interviewer: yeah now was that uh have you ever seen the type that was uh foot operated you know pedal operated to make it turn 741: not in real life interviewer: and is a grindstone the same thing as a small one that you can hold in your hand and uh fine in on it 741: I g- I guess I don't know Auxiliary 1: well no actually I think they're called whetstones 741: whetstone Auxiliary 1: the small ones that you use for knives also known as oil stones interviewer: I somebody in Arkansas told me that Arkansas was known for its #1 {X} # Auxiliary 1: #2 well that's true # I was gonna say that 741: really? Auxiliary 1: yeah back there in in the nineteenth #1 century we had we exported # 741: #2 gosh I am just being appallingly ignorant # Auxiliary 1: {NW} whetstones all over the uh country {X} interviewer: well what about uh well the vehicle that I drove up in you'd just call 741: #1 car # interviewer: #2 that # anybody else call it anything 741: everybody around here calls 'em cars Auxiliary 1: automobiles 741: they don't I have never heard 'em to call an automobile I #1 just just call # interviewer: #2 that right # 741: 'em cars. interviewer: well say you uh if your car began to squeak you might drive it to the filling station and tell the attendant to put it up on the rack and do what to it 741: what change the oil? I don't know grease it interviewer: and you got that you took the {D: C three} but you have that stuff all over your hand you'd say that your hands were 741: greasy interviewer: what about the stuff that people used to burn in in lamps uh before you know had electric 741: oil interviewer: is it just called oil? 741: far as I know Auxiliary 1: kerosene 741: kerosene oh yeah they do have kerosene lamps interviewer: was it was it just oil or or coal oil or 741: yeah it probably was interviewer: coal oil? have you ever heard of people making a makeshift lamp or a temporary lamp out of uh a bottle and some kerosene and uh something 741: #1 a wick # interviewer: #2 for a wick # 741: uh yeah I've I've heard of that interviewer: do you know if it was called anything particular? sometimes the response I get to that is oh yeah that's a Molotov cocktail 741: a Molotov cocktail {C: laughing} {NW} alright {C: laughing} yeah no I I don't know interviewer: you ever heard it called a flambeau 741: uh-uh interviewer: have you ever seen these you know 741: #1 that sounds like # interviewer: #2 sometimes # 741: French. Auxiliary 1: it is French interviewer: {X} 741: uh-huh interviewer: these uh little black pots that you see on a place in the road you know that 741: #1 smudge pots # interviewer: #2 is being worked on # smudge pot the the inside part of the tire that inflates you call that the 741: the inner tube interviewer: or say if you had a boat and uh when you take it down to the water and actually put the boat in the water you'd say that you're going to what do you use any particular expression to in referring to actually putting the boat into the #1 water? # 741: #2 Not # like launch. {X} interviewer: launch the boat? 741: uh interviewer: do you say that? 741: I don't say it uh but that's w- the only term that comes to my mind I think they just go s- I I'm trying to think when we go with the lake to the lake with the {X} they just they were going to put the boat in don't they Auxiliary 1: they say launch 741: do they say launch? I never have heard 'em use the word launch Auxiliary 1: probably just didn't notice 741: I know they call it a launching they call it a launching area called a launching pad Auxiliary 1: I'd call 'em ramps 741: ramps interviewer: so what about talking about boats the the type of boat that you would use oars with what did people 741: #1 row boats # interviewer: #2 call that # call that a row boat? is that usually a s- uh a flat bottomed uh type of thing or is it 741: yeah I guess it is kind of flat bottomed yeah #1 row buggies # Auxiliary 1: #2 pointed and wide # interviewer: has anybody ever said skull? Auxiliary 1: no I haven't I haven't 741: I had never heard of that 'til you went to France last summer interviewer: I've heard people around here call it a john boat that ring a bell? Auxiliary 1: {X} 741: row boat's all I've I've ever heard of interviewer: are the ends of it flat too or kind of are they tapered or what 741: #1 it seems # Auxiliary 1: #2 for # 741: to me like the front's tapered and the back's straight across Auxiliary 1: I got it it's probably {X} interviewer: you'd say if if you were going to talk about something else if you were going to uh buy some material for a dress or something like that you might take a a little piece a little #1 square? # 741: #2 Swatch. # interviewer: call that a swatch. have you ever heard people call it anything besides that? 741: I may have but I interviewer: you ever heard people call it a sample? 741: well I guess they could call it that swatch is interviewer: Swatch. 741: definitely what I call it. interviewer: what about this expression say if you uh saw a dress at a store window that appealed to you you might say well my goodness that sure is a some kind some adjective you might use in describing 741: {X} well {NW} I use a lot of things depends you want me to visualize a dress until #1 I # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: a fantastic dress uh interviewer: {X} 741: really neat a sharp looking dress Auxiliary 1: mother do you have any #1 tickets for # 741: #2 pretty # Auxiliary 1: tonight? 741: Y- uh no but t- uh tell 'em to give 'em your name and I'll see that they have 'em Auxiliary 1: {X} 741: oh well her ticket's over there will be at the at the door for her Auxiliary 1: okay 741: did she want more than one? #1 I hope # Auxiliary 1: #2 yeah # she didn't say anything interviewer: what about the comparative form of of that adjective pretty you'd say well this #1 is pretty # 741: #2 It's beautiful # or interviewer: or this one's pretty but I think this one's even 741: prettier interviewer: and the superlative form this is 741: #1 the # interviewer: #2 the # 741: prettiest one I've seen interviewer: what about in the thing that uh you would wear around your waist say if you were working in the kitchen to keep your dress 741: #1 apron # interviewer: #2 from getting # and what I was writing with until it gave out 741: #1 a pen # interviewer: #2 of ink # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Auxiliary 1: #1 {X} # 741: #2 How # about that? interviewer: {NW} 741: you have to work on that S sound {NW} Auxiliary 1: #1 mother # 741: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary 1: #1 # 741: #2 # #1 that's cheating # Auxiliary 1: #2 {D: That's cheating she's} # #1 cheating you now. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary 1: She's #1 cheating. # 741: #2 Pen # it's a pen. Auxiliary 1: {X} interviewer: that's funny uh I called in uh last week to Atlanta and uh {D: Doctor Pedersen was plotting you know he has a big map of all these different colored pins and} uh he was telling a friend of mine who happened to be there uh to get a pin and you know I picked up an ink pen 741: #1 and you're right # interviewer: #2 {X} # Just said aw you southerners 741: #1 yeah right you don't know one when # interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} yeah and the other thing that with a sharp point you call that a 741: a fountain pen no oh you're talking about a the #1 okay # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: pin yeah interviewer: Okay. 741: {D: talking about} straight pins. that's a straight pin if #1 we have to # interviewer: #2 okay # what would you #1 say uh # 741: #2 Have to think about it. # fountain pen with sharpened point rather than a ballpoint pen interviewer: what would you say uh a man's three piece suit consists of? 741: a vest a jacket and pants interviewer: have you ever heard pants called 741: trousers interviewer: Trousers. 741: It's uncommon but I have heard it {NS} interviewer: well what about these things that uh Auxiliary 1: britches. interviewer: #1 farmers britches yeah # 741: #2 britches yeah I've heard of that # interviewer: they're farmers where you know they have uh straps and a and a bib uh 741: overalls #1 uh # interviewer: #2 overalls # 741: y- but that not just farmers wear those those high school kids wear 'em #1 all the time # interviewer: #2 oh yeah # 741: #1 that's the new in thing # interviewer: #2 yeah college # too Auxiliary 1: excuse me but um what's the consensus on that I mean I've always said overalls myself but I've seen a lot of places where it's written for example it's written overhauls interviewer: say that a lot 741: #1 overhaul? # Auxiliary 1: #2 do they # they don't say it around here but they say where did they say it interviewer: Especially the older informants just about anywhere 741: #1 they call it overhaul? # interviewer: #2 in the South say # overhauls the older old person back in the boonies somewhere yeah he'll say overhauls but uh younger people are you know a little bit more sophisticated will say just overalls you know it's overhauls what about uh this expression say if a man were trying on a coat he might say well that coat won't fit this year but last year it perfectly 741: it fit perfectly interviewer: or say if a man's clothes had worn out he needs something to go to church he might say well I need to go in town to get me a 741: a new suit I interviewer: or if uh Auxiliary 1: {X} {NW} interviewer: what about if sometimes you know when small children uh play or they like to pick up things and and put 'em in their pocket and before long they might have so much in their pocket that their pockets begin to 741: Bulge. interviewer: well say if you were washing a shirt you'd put it in water that was too hot for it 741: it would shrink interviewer: what about the past form of that word 741: it shrank interviewer: and it has 741: shrunk wouldn't it be horrible if I {X} {NW} interviewer: say if uh if a young girl were getting ready to go out on a date she usually spends a lot of time in front of the mirror you know what do you say she's doing 741: primping interviewer: ever heard that called anything else? 741: oh I'm sure I have but primping is the main interviewer: well what about if a boy were getting ready and doing the same thing what would you say he was doing 741: I'd say he's primping too interviewer: Primping too. 741: {D: N- I that} I have never used that uh #1 for a boy # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: but uh I can't think of anything else I would use for a boy Auxiliary 1: getting duded up 741: right interviewer: {D: dutied up?} 741: duded duded up interviewer: you really use that? Auxiliary 1: who? interviewer: well what would you say you were doing? Auxiliary 1: getting ready to go {NW} 741: what what would they use at the high school like really what #1 what what's that # Auxiliary 1: #2 well I have no idea # 741: the expression that they use you've been away too long the #1 whole year # Auxiliary 1: #2 I have no # idea 741: if they probably would say duded #1 up # interviewer: #2 duded # up yeah. what about the uh the thing that uh uh women carry all their things around with 'em in 741: #1 a purse # interviewer: #2 you know # a purse something smaller than that that uh might be used just for change? uh might have a 741: coin purse interviewer: coin purse Auxiliary 1: bill fold 741: oh well not for cha- #1 well sometimes yeah # Auxiliary 1: #2 well yours has ch- # 741: that's true my billfold has change personally interviewer: and these things that uh women wear on their wrists for 741: bracelet interviewer: and around the neck 741: necklace interviewer: and the things that some men wear uh to hold up their pants #1 when they're low yeah. # 741: #2 Suspenders. # interviewer: ever heard those called anything besides that? ever heard it called galluses? 741: No. interviewer: what about 741: I'm glad to find find out what some of these things mean I've heard some of these words interviewer: you've never heard of galluses before then is that right? 741: I think I've seen it written uh in a book or something and I had no notion of what it was instead of looking it up I didn't do it Auxiliary 1: skip right along 741: #1 skipped right along # Auxiliary 1: #2 pretended you knew it # {NW} 741: played like I knew what it was interviewer: {X} well what about uh the thing that you would uh use outdoors you know protects yourself from the Auxiliary 1: {X} interviewer: What's that? 741: an umbrella interviewer: ever heard that called anything else? Auxiliary 1: {X} 741: {D: parasol} has a little different connotation interviewer: what? Auxiliary 1: it's more from the sun 741: from the sun right interviewer: I see 741: protection from the sun interviewer: when you make up your bed the last thing that goes on it what do you call that 741: bedspread #1 isn't that # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: awful? interviewer: {NW} have you ever heard that called anything else 741: ah yeah let's see what have I heard that called? uh most people say bedspread but some people call it um counterpin? but I don't know anybody that does but I have I have heard that interviewer: right now what about the uh the heavier one that might be used in cold weather 741: #1 the quilts you mean? # interviewer: #2 that you yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: quilts and comforters or comforts as we used to call 'em interviewer: and the thing that you rest your head on that's the 741: pillow interviewer: anything like a pillow except larger uh kind of 741: #1 a bolster? # interviewer: #2 like # yeah 741: type of thing interviewer: what about this expression say if if it were a particularly long bolster you might say well that just doesn't go part way across the bed it goes 741: it doesn't go clear across the bed interviewer: {NW} okay well say uh a temporary bed that you might put down on the floor for a child 741: pallet. interviewer: call that a pallet. this expression uh a farmer might say well we expect to get a big crop this year because the soil's very any 741: no idea interviewer: any any particular have you ever heard a farmer or anybody use any particular name for just very good soil uh that'd grow just about anything 741: besides fertile? interviewer: just fertile 741: #1 I # Auxiliary 1: #2 rich # 741: I don't know rich right yeah rich soil interviewer: or what about particularly bad soil uh uh wouldn't grow much of anything any name in particular for that 741: oh I seems like I have heard something like that Mike you're down working at the feed store I mean you didn't work down there but you heard all those people talking interviewer: maybe some 741: um interviewer: sandy soil Auxiliary 1: thin or something 741: lost their topsoil or topsoil's gone or #1 soil's # Auxiliary 1: #2 poor # 741: poor interviewer: what about loam what kind of soil would that be any ideas? 741: loam I've heard my grandmother use loam a lot I I can remember that and I always she would always refer to it as good rich loam and it always seemed like it was fertile and moist and kind of black and interviewer: Okay. have you ever heard people around here refer to the type of land that uh maybe low lying land that's that's very fertile uh might possibly had water on it at one 741: #1 river bottoms # interviewer: #2 time # river bottoms 741: #1 bottomland they call it bottom # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: land river bottoms. interviewer: right well what about uh say a piece of low lying land that didn't grow anything on it except maybe uh a lot of grass or something like that is that called anything in particular around here? 741: probably yeah interviewer: do people around here use the word meadow? 741: meadow? interviewer: uh-huh 741: I think that's only used in poetry I think {C: laughing} Auxiliary 1: I was gonna ask you about that when you said pasture 741: pasture #1 I use pasture all the time # Auxiliary 1: #2 what's the difference in your perception # between pasture and meadow 741: a pasture is a meadow in which cows and horses graze a meadow doesn't have cows and horses on it Auxiliary 1: why not? 741: #1 I don't know just doesn't # interviewer: #2 just a lot of nice # trees and all 741: oh yes #1 no insects whatsoever # Auxiliary 1: #2 butterflies birds # butterflies and birds and interviewer: kind of a utopian pasture 741: right exactly Auxiliary 1: does it have a any fences around it 741: I don't I don't in my mind's eye it #1 does not # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: have any fences you know and no cow droppings or anything you know just interviewer: I I think the same way that you do as far as meadows go but what about a piece of land that's really not good for much of anything because you have water standing on it permanently and a lot of beaver dams and all that through it 741: yeah swamp slough eh had a lot of oh what there's another term for it too I've heard 'em talking about it cause they had a big area south of town where they drained all this water off it {D: called Ross drainage area} and that was just swamp or slough bayou I don't know that's a more Louisiana term but they call it can you think of anything else? Auxiliary 1: no I think interviewer: well you mentioned uh having to drain a piece of land what would you call the the things that uh would be uh dug to 741: #1 the drainage # interviewer: #2 carry off # 741: ditch. interviewer: drainage ditch or what do you what do people around here call uh uh it's a or flowing fresh water flowing along what would you call 741: a creek? interviewer: creek anything smaller than a creek? uh 741: creek is just all it's the smallest I can imagine except just a stream a little trickle of something interviewer: are there any specific proper names for some of the creeks around here that you know of? 741: Mill Creek uh Big Brushy {NW} {D: I} #1 Terre Noire # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # creek 741: Terre Noire Auxiliary 1: Terre Noire 741: and that that's an interesting name now you talk about an anglicized French name now are you familiar #1 with this # interviewer: #2 what is # this now? 741: Terre Noire and it's and it's Auxiliary 1: Terre Noire 741: it's T-E-R-R-E capital N-O-I-R #1 E? # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah 741: and they call it Terre Noire like T-U-R-N-W-A-R Terre Noire interviewer: well that's not quite as as as bad as uh an Alabama example I can give to you there's a little town close to Mobile it's spelled B-A-Y-O-U L-A B-A-T-R-E obviously French you know what the natives call it? Bayou La Batre {NW} 741: #1 well the interesting # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: {D: thing to me is that that pronouncing it Terre Noire they're as close as they are to the} #1 real spelling of it # interviewer: #2 yeah yeah # 741: #1 I mean real pronunciation # interviewer: #2 That's not too bad at all. # 741: it's not really bad. interviewer: Yeah. 741: and the little town of uh A-N-T-O-I-N-E they call #1 I had always # Auxiliary 1: #2 Antoine # 741: heard it called Antoine but I found out the natives call it Antoine {C: pronunciation} interviewer: #1 ah # 741: #2 which is # still not all that far interviewer: {X} 741: now they have no idea probably that it's even French interviewer: well that's isn't there a restaurant in New Orleans called Antoine? 741: Antoine #1 that different # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: not Antoine {C: pronunciation} interviewer: yeah Auxiliary 1: {D: I get out at} 741: we're from Antoine {C: pronunciation} interviewer: {NW} well what about say uh a place that you might find out in the woods somewhere that's been uh eroded by flowing water say it might be about ten feet deep ten feet across something like that what would you 741: #1 a gully # interviewer: #2 call that # call that a gully Auxiliary 1: more like a 741: #1 gully wash # Auxiliary 1: #2 ravine though # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # 741: that could be a ravine Auxiliary 1: a gully always seemed to me to be I'd say a road to just sort of a bleak area where all the topsoil's been washed away and now it's a gully whereas a ravine could have 741: #1 lots of trees and stuff growing on it # Auxiliary 1: #2 trees growing in it and # 741: #1 if the I assume by what he # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: said didn't have a lot of foliage and stuff. Auxiliary 1: well tell me um in your talking has there you have ever come across difference between a creek and a creek 741: it's the same thing isn't it? interviewer: I haven't encountered creek. 741: you haven't encountered creek {C: pronunciation} #1 in all the # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 {X} # Auxiliary 1: #2 I encountered # creek a lot {C: pronunciation} 741: #1 well that's you you've been up # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: north though Auxiliary 1: well here 741: oh here? #1 they say creek? # Auxiliary 1: #2 here # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # well actually there's a difference between a creek and a creek a creek runs out yeah well a creek runs out between an open land and where like cattle drink from whereas a creek is in wooded in a wooded area and deer and things like that drink from it and it's just a difference in what kind of area it's in interviewer: and you picked that up from around here? Auxiliary 1: yes I think interviewer: was it uh an older person or uh just anybody would that be common knowledge? Auxiliary 1: I don't know I doubt it I d- I've heard a lot of people use 'em interchangeably so a lot of people say creek around here 741: do they? interviewer: I'm used to saying it was uh a variant pronunciation without any uh distinction in 741: #1 I think the same thing # Auxiliary 1: #2 well that's the way one of my # hunting friends explained it to me so 741: #1 oh well they # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: you would pick up a lot of things from {D: them} Auxiliary 1: oh the hunters 741: #1 right # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # interviewer: they didn't tell you anything about snipe hunting did they? 741: oh we know about #1 snipe hunting {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # that might be pulling the same thing I don't know {NW} 741: do you know about snipe hunting Mike? #1 I think # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: I better tell you so you don't get #1 caught # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: it's a joke #1 practical joke # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Auxiliary 1: oh 741: that they love to pull on someone who never has #1 hunted # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: snipes before interviewer: {X} Auxiliary 1: well uh what's the joke there are snipes there are such things as snipes 741: are you sure? Auxiliary 1: I'm positive 741: well they're not they're not in #1 abundance around here. # Auxiliary 1: #2 they're European birds # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # but there really are snipes interviewer: oh Auxiliary 1: because there was a famous battle fought in thirteen eighty-nine between the Turks and the uh Romanians and uh Transylvanians all those people fought at Snipes field and well that's the trans- translation #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # left out in the woods holding a bag 741: #1 right exactly while everybody else runs off and leaves you # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah what would you call uh a small elevation in the land you'd say you're just going up a little 741: rise interviewer: little rise or anything else 741: hill interviewer: hill what about this the the round thing that you turn to open the door you call that the 741: door handle Auxiliary 1: #1 knob # interviewer: #2 or # 741: knob Auxiliary 1: handle handle #1 how many handles are around here # 741: #2 oh be quiet # Auxiliary 1: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: have you ever heard anybody call a hill a knob? Auxiliary 1: yes 741: yeah I think I have interviewer: mm-hmm 741: #1 or a knoll # Auxiliary 1: #2 about # bald knob for example another place around here that's got it's a little hill interviewer: well what about if the the big one you know it's not a hill it becomes a regular 741: mountain interviewer: what about you know in up in the mountains uh a place where uh the rocky uh face of the mountain that uh drops off very sharp what do you call 741: cliff interviewer: Yeah. or say a a low place in the mountains where roads might go across what would that be called 741: what the valley? Auxiliary 1: pass 741: pass yeah interviewer: would something like that be ever called a gap? 741: #1 well # Auxiliary 1: #2 Caddo Gap # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # there is Caddo Gap along Caddo River way out in the mountains it's a little place where #1 Caddo River # 741: #2 Is that right? # Auxiliary 1: comes through the mountains it's called Caddo Gap 741: I've seen 'em called gaps more in the higher mountains than we have around here #1 although I guess it # Auxiliary 1: #2 lot of famous # gaps Cumberland Gap 741: yeah {NS} interviewer: have you ever heard people around here use the word notch in conjunction with uh with mountains? Auxiliary 1: isn't that a wind blown um uh it's it's a it's sort of a it's a depression in the mountains but it's sort of the difference between a notch I think and a gap I understand that a notch is sort of it's made by the wind and a gap is made by water interviewer: but you're not familiar with the term? 741: no haven't ever heard it interviewer: well what about uh a place where uh a boat would anchor and unload the thing that it unloads on 741: #1 the dock # interviewer: #2 to # would be the dock ever heard that called anything besides dock 741: landing Auxiliary 1: pier 741: not called pier too much around here most call 'em docks #1 or landings # interviewer: #2 would people # around here ever use the term wharf? 741: #1 I don't really think so uh-uh # Auxiliary 1: #2 no no # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # interviewer: well what about a place in the mountains where water falls a long distance that's a 741: waterfall interviewer: say the roads around here uh the surface uh material what are most of 'em made of? 741: lot of 'em are blacktop lot of 'em are concrete Auxiliary 1: some are asphalt interviewer: blacktop or concrete any any other surface 741: gravel just dirt interviewer: still have some dirt 741: #1 oh still # interviewer: #2 roads here? # 741: oh yes we've got dirt roads definitely interviewer: well talking about roads say if you were out in the country uh maybe a little road that goes off the main road what would you call that? 741: Call it a track or a trail interviewer: or what about one that uh went off the main road up to a farmer's house what would that be called? 741: it's just a farm road interviewer: well say uh 741: #1 or his # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: driveway interviewer: yeah say uh a place that's been worn down by cattle coming in from the pasture 741: #1 the track # interviewer: #2 say # 741: cattle track cattle trail even Auxiliary 1: cattle crossing {NW} It's um 741: #1 mostly a # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # interviewer: {NW} 741: path or path or a track or trail interviewer: and a place in in the city where pedestrians walk next to the street that's the 741: sidewalk interviewer: have you ever uh do you have these places in residential areas where you have some grass between the street and the sidewalk? 741: mm-hmm interviewer: mm-hmm and is that called anything? 741: I don't know Auxiliary 1: no interviewer: that's another difference that I've run into you know um around where I'm from people call that the tree lawn 741: a tree lawn interviewer: tree lawn 741: huh interviewer: never heard of that? 741: no I really haven't interviewer: {X} 741: it makes sense do- I mean were trees planted along these areas uh interviewer: whenever I #1 had to # 741: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: mow the front yard you know mother would tell me don't forget to mow the tree lawn #1 too # 741: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: you know all had to do 741: huh let me ask you about this expression say if uh a boy were walking around out out in the country and he passed uh a farmer's corn field crows were in the corn field getting after the corn he might reach down and pick up a uh shuck of corn interviewer: or just a 741: rock or what {NW} interviewer: and 741: #1 throw it # interviewer: #2 do what # you ever heard people say anything besides any other way of saying that other than 741: chunk it interviewer: throw it chunk it what about uh say uh oh if you have somebody uh come over to visit you you might tell them to sit down and make yourself 741: at home interviewer: talking about uh putting milk in coffee drinking it that way you might say that some people like it 741: with cream or yeah interviewer: how do you drink yours? 741: with cream interviewer: with cream 741: I don't u- let's see some pla- people call it what do they call it light co- light coffee or something like that but I that's not anything you'd hear around here interviewer: well how would somebody around here order his coffee if he didn't want anything in 741: black interviewer: {X} ever heard any other expression 741: mm-mm interviewer: straight? 741: no #1 {D: you know what I} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: I hear that more as a little something a little #1 stronger # interviewer: #2 little # stronger uh-huh have you ever heard anybody offer order his coffee barefooted? 741: no {C: laughing} #1 never have # interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} okay this expression say if if somebody is not going away from you you say they're coming 741: toward you interviewer: and if you just happened to meet somebody that you weren't looking for you might say well wasn't looking for so and so just happened to run 741: run into him Auxiliary 1: run across 741: I would say run into him you can say run across #1 if you want to # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} okay what if uh if a child is given the same name as his father uh you say that the parents named the child 741: after him interviewer: this animal that barks you call that a 741: dog interviewer: what about a type of dog that's not a a pure breed it's you call it a what 741: mongrel interviewer: Mongrel. Is there any 741: Or something else um hmm there's a there's something else we call 'em too besides a Heinz fifty-seven interviewer: {NW} 741: maybe that'll come to me just a just an old Auxiliary 1: Hound? mutt 741: yeah well if they're just an old hound dog but hound dogs are are specially bred they're not they're not of uh hmm that doesn't come to me interviewer: well what about is there any general term that people around here use uh to refer to a a tiny little dog that you know yaps a lot barks gets under your feet you'd say that's just a little old you ever heard ever heard people say that's just a little old feist dog? 741: I was going to say feisty but interviewer: mm 741: I n- I I hadn't really heard 'em call that I uh with I the things I've heard 'em called are usually profane interviewer: {NW} do you is is a when you think of feist it you is that a specific breed uh 741: no no feisty is a to me is a temperament uh not a not a breed of #1 dog at all # interviewer: #2 I see # 741: feisty is very full of full of spice and vinegar interviewer: what about if uh if you wanted your dog uh to attack another dog or 741: sic 'em interviewer: you say sic 'em and if you wanted it to to stop you'd say 741: I never have had dogs {NW} well we used to have a dog once but he didn't attack anything interviewer: What about 741: down boy something I don't know interviewer: {X} if you wanted him to come to you you'd say 741: here boy interviewer: well what about say uh if you were warning somebody about a dog you might say you better watch him he's bad uh 741: bad news dangerous Auxiliary 1: or he bites 741: he he bites or whatever interviewer: what about the past form of that word bite 741: bit interviewer: yesterday I and I have been 741: bitten interviewer: if uh well we've talked about different types of animals say uh in a herd of cattle what is the male called? 741: bull interviewer: or what about uh uh you know used to before you had the tractors and everything the farmer would use animals to plow with what what sort of 741: #1 mules # interviewer: #2 animals do you # {X} think mules or anything else that might have been used for plowing? 741: well not or I think around here oxen might have been used some areas but I think mules were Arkansas's a real mule state Clark county's a real mule #1 county # interviewer: #2 that right # well what if you had two together you'd say you had a 741: two mules interviewer: you ever heard uh say if you were plowing you know with 'em you'd have a 741: team interviewer: team okay and um talking about getting out the cattle again a small one when it's first born you'd call a 741: calf interviewer: if you had a say if you had a cow named Daisy and Daisy was expecting a calf you'd say that Daisy's going to 741: all I can think of are horse terms interviewer: {NW} 741: what are they calve she's going to calve I would say she's gonna foal interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah. # 741: #2 But uh # not gonna foal interviewer: have you ever heard anybody around here say anything like well Daisy's or cow's gonna freshen? 741: hmm-mm interviewer: never heard of that or what about uh say this expression talking about riding on a horse you couldn't stay on a horse you'd say that you 741: I'd say I fell off interviewer: or what about if a small child uh woke up in the morning on the floor he might say well during the night #1 I must have # 741: #2 I # I fell out of bed guess it's a difference in falling off and #1 falling out I don't know # interviewer: #2 falling out # {NW} Auxiliary 1: {D: I thought you were unsee a going to fall off a horse} 741: well and if I were writing a book to be published I might have #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 but generally I would # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: fall off the horse. interviewer: oh yeah uh are there any uh uh sheep raised around here? 741: oh I could be sure there's some but not enough to even spit at interviewer: do you happen to know what the male sheep's called? 741: the ram? interviewer: what about the female? 741: a ewe interviewer: what do what would people generally raise sheep for? 741: wool I guess most people have goats here that have anything like that and they raise 'em they have 'em for milk I believe {NW} interviewer: what about uh say a group of hogs do you know what the male is called 741: mm-mm interviewer: you ever heard it called the boar? 741: oh I yes but I think of those as being wild interviewer: I see. 741: I don't but I I didn't know tame ones were also called boars interviewer: well is there anything in particular that you that you call a hog that's grown up wild you just call it a 741: wild boar #1 or wild hog # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: {D: rile yeah} interviewer: lemme ask you this I keep coming out here to Arkansas people talk about razorbacks is there such a thing as a razorback? 741: they say there's not but I just believe there is #1 they just have to be # interviewer: #2 {NW} # think there is 741: #1 well the reason # interviewer: #2 running around on the # football field or whatever 741: it's a wild boar of some sort and and there are uh now whether they actually exist in Arkansas I don't know but there definitely are razorback hogs that have this this uh quill kind of back uh very sharp hairs or something there on their interviewer: do you know what those hairs are called by the way? 741: mm-mm interviewer: you ever heard 'em called bristles? 741: oh well yeah interviewer: {X} what about these these long 741: #1 tusks # interviewer: #2 teeth # {X} ever heard people call those tuskies? 741: no interviewer: haven't heard that well if uh now we were talking about types of uh hogs a little one when it's first born you call that a 741: I call it a piglet I don't know what anybody else calls it interviewer: is there any intermediate stage you know between a small 741: #1 there probably is I don't know # interviewer: #2 {X} # have you ever heard uh anything called a shoat 741: oh well yes but the shoats are the are the freshman football team at the University of Arkansas interviewer: is that right 741: right {C: laughing} interviewer: {NW} well that's something {X} well what if it makes sense what about uh say a hog a male hog that's been altered have you ever heard that called anything particular? 741: yeah I guess it's the same thing as a cow being altered oh Mike what's that called Auxiliary 1: Oh it's um 741: all I can think of is spayed right now and I know that's not it interviewer: well while you're think trying to think of that what do you say has been done to one like that it's been 741: well that's what I'm it's what I'm trying to think of interviewer: oh well I I was asking what the animal was called Auxiliary 1: oh I see {X} 741: oh it's what's being done to it that I was trying to #1 think of # Auxiliary 1: #2 calve is # is a I mean a cow is a steer 741: yeah and a horse is a gelding but I can't think of #1 I don't know what a # Auxiliary 1: #2 huh # pig is a 741: I don't know what a pig is Auxiliary 1: {X} 741: well that's what you call it anyw- #1 a horse anyway you call it gelding # interviewer: #2 have you ever heard it called a # have you ever heard uh a hog that's been done to called a barrow Auxiliary 1: yeah 741: have you? Auxiliary 1: I have interviewer: well getting back to what's been done to it what'd you call that did you think of that? 741: hmm-mm I it the horse it's uh gelding him but I don't I've forgotten what it's called about a cow and I'm sure the pig and the cow's probably pretty much the same interviewer: talking about the process 741: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 you know # would you do people just say you think castrated? 741: yeah uh but uh but they call it b- but they get it all mixed up and they call it something else uh they don't cut they cat- they don't call it cas- castrated oh I'm trying to think how they Auxiliary 1: {NW} 741: they really 741: pictures of it you know just to keep 'em rented and collect the rent and take care of any little problems that come up. So he's had kind of bad luck with this last one and so he asked Mike if he'd do it this summer and if I would take care of it this fall {C: crumpling} {NS} so that's gonna and he got we get ten percent of the rent. Mike made eight dollars and #1 fifty cents while # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 741: he was out riding around this morning somebody brought a check by. interviewer: Not bad. Auxiliary: Not bad at all for no work. anyway it will be some work though. 741: #1 {X} # Auxiliary: #2 Well # what happened with #1 the checking # 741: #2 he has to # go see about roaches and bad plumbing and you know #1 anything that # Auxiliary: #2 roof # check 741: uh Let's see I think it's right here. Yeah. {X} Auxiliary: Okay. Let's take this all and put it on my desk. 741: Okay. {NS} Auxiliary: Wonderful. 741: All right great. {NS} Auxiliary: Okay. Or dad said I could go to Little Rock. #1 Monday. # 741: #2 Monday. # Okay. Auxiliary: Oh I fixed the little glove compartment on Richard's car 741: Okay. #1 well mow # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 741: the yard and #1 clip the hedge # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} 741: Don't forget don't put it off 'til there's no time to do it. Auxiliary: I won't. interviewer: Awfully hot to be #1 {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {D: Yeah I refuse.} # {X} interviewer: Did you ever think of that expression you were trying to think of yesterday when we were talking about the uh hog you know that had been altered and you said it was? 741: #1 I never could think of it I don't know # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: what I h- it it's some corruption of c- of castration but I don't know. Hello? Richard? um He's at work uh-huh I don't know sometimes he takes the afternoon off but he didn't today. That I had no idea. Oh okay well why don't you call Richard at the lab? Why don't you call Richard at the lab? {X} It's just Clark County hospital and ask for the uh the lab. uh-huh bye-bye. {NS} My voice is a little uh tired today from the show sometimes that happens to me when I perform and have to sing a lot. interviewer: Did you have a performance? 741: We had a performance last night and uh it it it gets kind of uh husky or something in the day time so I'll sound a little different. Won't #1 pronounce the words # interviewer: #2 I know # 741: any differently but {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: Yeah I know what you mean same thing happens to me at the beginning of every quarter you know with teaching I have to have a short break I have to get used to the speaking you know. 741: Right. interviewer: Fifty minutes at a time you know I'm hoarse. 741: Well I'm {C: clang} having to sing in a range that I don't normally sing in and it really tires my voice out. No I don't know it was some corruption of ca- and I can remember from about way back in uh oh when I was about thirteen years old and I had a horse and uh that I just knew more farm people at that time and they had hogs and they had cattle and I heard 'em talking about castrating uh but I I've forgotten what they used. But I can remember telling my parents about it you know and they just just collapsed falling out laughing and but I cannot remember what the word is but it's a corruption of castration I don't #1 I don't know. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # It's not just uh a variant pronunciation like a lot of people say castrate? {C: pronunciation} 741: It it must not have it must have been something interviewer: Yeah. 741: stranger than that I'm sure somebody did use castrate {C: pronunciation} but interviewer: What do you call those things that when you feed a hog you know pour the feed 741: #1 Trough. # interviewer: #2 into? # {NS} A full bag of that would be several? 741: Troughs? I don't know. {NS} interviewer: Say talking about cattle you know the noise that's made by a calf when it's being weaned. How would you describe that you might say well listen to that calf? 741: Lowing. interviewer: Lowing. Would that be the same uh for a cow say that's hungry or wants to be milked say what the 741: #1 a cow # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: cow that wants to be milked I think they bawl. interviewer: Bawl. What about say uh a comprehensive term for uh feathered animals like ducks and chicken and geese and? 741: Fowl. interviewer: You'd say you have a lot of fowl. Talking about fowl say uh a chicken or a hen that's on a nest trying to hatch out something what would you call that you'd say that's a? 741: Oh she was nesting I don't know. Laying. interviewer: Have you ever heard people call that a settler? 741: I may have. interviewer: Talking about chickens 741: Let me touch shut this door I think we've got an awful lot of extraneous noise. {NS} {NS} interviewer: Talking about chickens do you know about uh 741: {NW} Not my strong subject. interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Those these thing these uh these things that they're shipped to market in 741: #1 The crates? # interviewer: #2 sometimes. # Yeah what are those you know what those things are called other than crates? 741: Chicken crate. interviewer: Crate. 741: I think they all or coops. interviewer: Yeah. 741: Chicken coops or chicken crates. Now chicken coop I think of as being actually where the chickens live. #1 And uh # interviewer: #2 Say uh # on the farm? 741: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 where they'd be in # 741: #1 chicken coop. # interviewer: #2 closed area # 741: Right. And uh chicken the crates uh are what I think of 'em being shipped in. interviewer: Okay. 741: But that's just not probably from ever hearing anyone saying anything about it just from seeing 'em stacked on trucks. interviewer: Well you know when you fry a chicken there's usually one piece that children like to get. 741: #1 The drumstick? # interviewer: #2 {X} # Well 741: Oh no the wishbone. #1 Or the pulley. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 741: bone either one. interviewer: uh-huh What uh what do you are you familiar with the story uh behind that oh what's supposed to be the rationale behind pulling that thing apart? 741: I don't think so. interviewer: Don't know any #1 stories # 741: #2 Nuh-uh. # interviewer: associated with it? Have you ever talking about uh parts of an animal that are edible have you ever heard any comprehensive term for the inside parts of a hog that you can eat but you might not normally say like the lungs and uh the heart and all that any? 741: Oh the uh e- uh yeah uh Is that the chitlins? uh I get mixed up on chitlins whether chitlins are the actual intestines or whether chitlins are the are the uh just the the other #1 parts. # interviewer: #2 What I asked # you about? Yeah I know what you mean some people do use chitlins to mean uh all any of the #1 internal organs that you can eat. # 741: #2 Internal organs. # Yeah. interviewer: But I think well I always thought of chitlins as being the intestines like you said. 741: mm-hmm well uh cracklin is used too #1 and I f- # interviewer: #2 Yeah # 741: and I get I get those really mixed up. interviewer: Yeah. Well have you ever #1 heard of # 741: #2 because # I don't use 'em when I {C: laughing} #1 cook. # interviewer: #2 Right. # 741: {NW} interviewer: Have you ever eaten any of those chitlins? 741: No I never #1 have uh-uh # interviewer: #2 Never have? # 741: uh Well I guess we just didn't uh for some reason or another never had 'em served. interviewer: Well they smell pretty bad when you cook 'em. 741: #1 Is that right? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Yeah no I've never eaten 'em but I've know lots of people that have interviewer: Yeah. 741: and eat cracklins and crackling #1 bread too. # interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 741: But I never have eaten any. interviewer: Never had any crackling bread? 741: No I never have had any. interviewer: uh-huh Well have you ever heard people use the term haslet to refer to what I asked you about? 741: No. interviewer: Then you haven't heard that around here. Go ahead. 741: Now that doesn't mean it's not used I just haven't heard of it. interviewer: Yeah. Well what about uh this expression say if it's getting late on a farm and the farmer hears his cows uh mooing maybe they're hungry he might say well I didn't know it was so late I probably ought to if they're hungry it'd be? 741: Feeding #1 time. # interviewer: #2 Feeding # time. Now we get around you mentioned yesterday you heard uh calls to animals cows and all that. 741: #1 Right. # interviewer: #2 Can # you could you reproduce one of those if if uh 741: #1 Sooey. # interviewer: #2 you # 741: The sooey I I'm not #1 not very good at it. # interviewer: #2 Now what's that # what's that a call to? 741: A call that's calling the hogs. interviewer: Calling the hogs. Is that calling say uh to come to you from somewhere? 741: Yeah it's calling 'em to come to eat. interviewer: Yeah. 741: um interviewer: They say sooey? 741: Uh yeah. #1 I am not sure I # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: could do it I could call like we call the razorback hogs for the at the football games I can #1 do it. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 741: You wanna hear that? {NW} interviewer: The football cheer or something 741: #1 Oh yes. # interviewer: #2 like that? # 741: Do you not know that? interviewer: no 741: Oh heavens we're famous for our football cheer calling the hogs yes. Oh I'll have to have some help could you is it alright if I have some help? interviewer: Sure. 741: Let me get Mike and interviewer: {NW} 741: let me get him to help me because it's it it #1 may need # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: it may throw your register here. {NW} Uh but it is a football cheer it's not it's not really calling the interviewer: I see. 741: real animals. interviewer: I see you have a modified call. 741: Oh you're not. {NW} I said yes oh yes I'm gonna interviewer: uh-huh 741: we're gonna call the hogs he went he went like this he'll be down in a minute. interviewer: uh-huh okay 741: {NW} uh the uh see if I can reproduce the hog uh I've heard one person do it and it was just sooey sooey uh interviewer: uh-huh 741: uh interviewer: Well have you ever 741: #1 sooey uh # interviewer: #2 heard # 741: sooey sooey sooey something like that #1 is how they do it. # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Have you ever heard a farmer call his cows? Say 741: #1 Sook # interviewer: #2 get 'em to # 741: uh sookie interviewer: Sook mm-hmm. 741: #1 Sometimes # interviewer: #2 Do you # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Do you happen to know if he says the same thing if he's calling calves? 741: I have no idea. interviewer: Ever heard one say soo calf or something like that? 741: Probably. interviewer: Gotta tag calf onto it. 741: I really I I can't I haven't really spent that much time on a farm. interviewer: Yeah. Well what about uh uh say if a farmer is is plowing with animals mules or whatever 741: the gee and the haw #1 and all that. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # To get 'em to turn. 741: uh-huh interviewer: Do you know which is which? 741: Which is which? I don't really. uh #1 No. # interviewer: #2 That's okay. # 741: Not really no. But I I know they do use it. Giddap and gee and haw and interviewer: mm-hmm 741: #1 Ho. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Ho is usually stop. interviewer: Yeah. Well what if you had uh uh oh some horses out in the pasture what would you do or 741: Whistle. interviewer: You'd whistle to get horses to come up. 741: {NW} interviewer: I see. 741: They wouldn't come but I'd do it anyway. interviewer: {NW} Well what about uh farmers when they uh feed their pigs have you ever heard 'em call to 'em uh other than 741: Sooey. interviewer: Yeah. 741: That sooey's all I know. interviewer: Or have you ever heard anybody say piggy piggy piggy piggy? 741: Yeah I have yes I have yes I have piggy piggy yeah. interviewer: Well what about chickens? 741: Here chick chick chick chick. interviewer: I don't suppose you ever heard anybody call a sheep around here? 741: No. interviewer: No. {NW} I never have uh had any success with that item. 741: Hello. Yes. Uh he's yeah uh he should be down in just a minute hold on. {NS} Mike. Telephone. What? Okay. {NS} It'll be just a minute. {NS} interviewer: So I wanted to ask you uh when you 741: #1 she's # interviewer: #2 when you're # 741: gonna love all these animal calls whoever this is interviewer: {NW} Well well I think we're just about through with it. 741: Oh good. interviewer: Except if you wanna give me that 741: The razorback yell I #1 will have to do that # interviewer: #2 when uh when # he's {X} 741: Okay. interviewer: You know these things that uh uh that uh you guide the animals when you're plowing what are #1 those called # 741: #2 Reins. # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: They're reins? same thing as #1 what you would # 741: #2 Horse reins. # interviewer: mm-hmm 741: It's what I call 'em interviewer: Have you ever heard them called plow lines or anything like that? 741: Probably but I it didn't make an impression on me if I did. interviewer: I see. Well say uh if you have a couple of horses hitched to a wagon have you ever heard the horse on the left called anything in particular? 741: The lead horse? interviewer: lead horse this expression say uh if you were trying to point out something to somebody and it's not near at hand you might say well it's just a little 741: Are you trying to get me to say little piece away? Or oh uh I'd I wouldn't e- really use that I'd s- probably say it's over yonder. interviewer: it's over yonder uh-huh 741: Or it's over there. Or it's just over there. interviewer: and you s- and you say over yonder strikes people from other parts of Arkansas than Clark county as unusual 741: Right. Particularly my husband who's from Missouri he just {X} plain sped {C: laughing} away when I used that. interviewer: what would his equivalent to that be over yonder? 741: Over there. interviewer: over there alright and the other uh expression you said that was unusual 741: Oh I call myself #1 doing something # interviewer: #2 call myself # 741: I'll say I called myself doing that yesterday. interviewer: yeah 741: And that just really other people in Arkansas really think that's strange. interviewer: that's perfectly natural 741: #1 You think that's just normal # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: speaking isn't it? interviewer: right nothing nothing's stranger than that okay and some other phrases I wanna ask you about uh say if if you've been traveling and you're not yet finished where you're going you'd say that you still had a to go before 741: #1 a way # interviewer: #2 {D: dark} # 741: to go. {NS} interviewer: Ah you ready for a call? Auxiliary: Well tell me how #1 did we come up with # 741: #2 Razorback cheer # Auxiliary: this? {NS} 741: Well he asked me if I knew how to call hogs and I said I know how to call the Razorback football players. Auxiliary: Well that's yeah. 741: And I gave some sort of pitiful Auxiliary: pitiful {X} 741: #1 imitation of the # Auxiliary: #2 I don't know it sounds # better with fifty thousand people 741: #1 Yeah you # Auxiliary: #2 in the stadium. # 741: get fifty thousand people #1 doing this it's pretty impressive. # interviewer: #2 Just just pretend it's a close # game with Texas 741: Yeah oh right right Auxiliary: Ah that is a good pretense yes. 741: Will this thing uh just start or flip off you'll have to cut it down probably cut #1 {D: vein back a little} # interviewer: #2 alright # {X} 741: #1 It's gotta be light out. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Yeah there's no other way to do it. #1 You have to imagine # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: football stadium packed with #1 fifty # interviewer: #2 alright # 741: thousand rabid fans. interviewer: alright I 741: #1 And they're # interviewer: #2 think # 741: all doing this. interviewer: I think I'm ready. 741: Now you ready? interviewer: #1 {X} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 741: Well here we are. #1 Woo # Auxiliary: #2 Woo # 741: #1 pig sooey. # Auxiliary: #2 pig sooey. # 741: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 741: #1 Woo # Auxiliary: #2 Woo # 741: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 741: #1 pig sooey. # Auxiliary: #2 pig sooey. # 741: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 741: #1 Woo # Auxiliary: #2 Woo # 741: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 741: #1 pig sooey. # Auxiliary: #2 pig sooey. # 741: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 741: #1 Razorbacks. # Auxiliary: #2 Razorbacks. # 741: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Fifty thousand people it sounds better. interviewer: Don't see how you people ever lose. 741: #1 Oh we don't real often. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 Well last year was pretty bad. # Auxiliary: #2 Depends on if we have the right # players or not basically #1 {X} # 741: #2 But that's {X} # #1 Yeah they say the team # Auxiliary: #2 come up # 741: The other teams #1 you know when you come in they were very intimidating. # interviewer: #2 That would be intimidating opposition. # Yeah. Well that's that's about as bad as have you ever been to tiger stadium in Baton 741: #1 Oh go tiger yeah I've # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: Yeah. Auxiliary: All hum eighty thousand people humming . interviewer: Pretty rough. 741: It is I'll tell you what they've they have made believers out of us more than once. interviewer: but after uh a friend of mine from back home played for Alabama for a few years and he said Baton Rouge and Tiger Stadium and those Cajuns they're just something else 741: Oh they are. interviewer: You can win down there you can really do anything. 741: You really I know it. They really get violent. interviewer: or he said that they uh would they would put that big cage with that big Bengal tiger you know that's their mascot they'd put it right next to the dressing room door where the uh opposing team would have to come out you know they'd see that 741: #1 there it was # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} he said that when those Cajuns got rowdy you know they'd start throwing everything in sight you know wine bottles and all that and coach Bryant and the other citizen coaches actually had to wear football helmets on the sidelines to keep from getting beaned you know 741: That uh Alabama quarterback that was so good was uh lived in Arkadelphia for a while what's his name Mike? Auxiliary: Richard Todd. 741: Richard Todd. interviewer: #1 {X} # 741: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: I didn't know that. 741: His mother uh was um director of nursing service at Clark county hospital. interviewer: When was that? 741: uh #1 Gosh about ten years ago. # Auxiliary: #2 Just ten years ago. # Ten must have been ten years. 741: He was just a pimply faced youth at that time. interviewer: I thought he'd always lived in uh 741: #1 in Alabama? # Auxiliary: #2 Mobile # interviewer: {X} Auxiliary: Mobile isn't it? 741: Well he lived here for a while and his mother and I worked together for a while. He certainly turned out to be a good football player. Is he did he #1 has he gone # Auxiliary: #2 He's playing for the Jets. # 741: for the Jets. interviewer: yeah I saw him uh he was down in Tuscaloosa this uh past spring semester after the season the professional season he came down there to work out he and a neighbor down there at the same time they come down there and work out with the team so coach football let's see oh yeah I was asking you about different expressions say if something's uh very common you don't have to look for it in any special place you'd say well that's real common you can find that just about 741: Anywhere. interviewer: or say if somebody uh slipped and fell out in your front yard and they fell that way you'd say they fell 741: Backward. interviewer: and that way they fell 741: Forward. interviewer: say if you went fishing but just didn't have any luck didn't catch a fish and somebody asks you well did you catch any fish what would you probably say 741: {NW} Auxiliary: No. #1 {NW} # 741: #2 {NW} # No I didn't. #1 No I'd say # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 741: they weren't biting or or uh there wasn't a fish in the lake or interviewer: mm-hmm 741: I don't know uh I don't have any particular little sayings about those. interviewer: have you ever heard people around here say anything like no I didn't catch nary a one 741: Have you heard anything like that? #1 oh you have? # Auxiliary: #2 mm-hmm # 741: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # I've heard that. 741: Ne'er a one huh. interviewer: {X} Auxiliary: I've heard nary. 741: Nary a one? interviewer: well what about uh 741: I they're much more likely to say nah I didn't catch nothing. interviewer: Yeah {NW} why don't we get back to plow for just a minute 741: {NW} Another one of my #1 strong subjects. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary: Strong point. interviewer: you know those trenches that are cut by the plow 741: Furrow. {NS} interviewer: or say if if uh you have a farmer has a good yield he says that he raised a big 741: Crop. interviewer: or if uh say you have some land with some bushes and trees on it and you wanna put that land to cultivation you'd say you did what to it to get it ready 741: Bush hogged. interviewer: Bush hogged it. any other way of saying that? 741: Any other way of saying bush hogged I I'm just saying bush hogged that's what we do at our or what someone does they have some big interviewer: Yeah. 741: tractor like thing they go around knocking pulling everything down and clearing it. interviewer: clearing the land 741: Clearing the land but they the mostly call it bush hogging it. Why I don't know. But that's a big ol' tractor that does it. interviewer: have you ever heard uh a piece of land that's just been cleared uh any particular name for that? 741: I I guess so. {D: But I don't} interviewer: ever heard it called new ground? 741: No I never have heard it called that. Mainly cause I guess it's it's been cultivated an awful long time around here. interviewer: well what about if say that uh a farmer had just cut uh his hay off the field now when it comes back up again uh the second time what is that called have you ever haven't heard anything like second cutting or something like that? well what about something that comes up in a field uh although you didn't plant it ever heard that referred to by any particular name? 741: Just wild grass or weeds or something like that interviewer: have you ever heard it called a volunteer? 741: No. interviewer: volunteer crop say uh after wheat's been cut off a field when it's tied up 741: Sheaves. interviewer: yeah have you ever heard uh say when you take those a lot of those together and uh pile 'em up like so is there any expression that covers that that you know of? 741: I don't know if people grow wheat around here. interviewer: I see or maybe you've encountered grass or grain 741: Just they bale it. #1 Sometimes. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: But that's all I know. interviewer: have you ever heard people talking about shocking #1 wheat or # 741: #2 no # interviewer: anything like that? 741: I've heard wheat of wheat shocks but I think it's out of books. I don't think I've heard it uh in around here. interviewer: {X} well what about this grain that uh horses particularly like to eat 741: Oats. interviewer: yeah what do you what do you say you have to do when you uh you separate the the grain from the rest of it 741: Husk it? I don't know. No I don't know what you do with that. interviewer: you ever heard people talk about thrashing oats? 741: #1 I've # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: yeah I've heard that expression. we just buy it in a sack. but you know what I got though. {C: laughing} interviewer: Yeah. this these uh a couple of other expressions they're mostly grammatical #1 uh # 741: #2 {D: that you husk oats} # interviewer: {NW} say if uh if we have to do something uh together you'd say that not just one of us has to do it but 741: We all have to do it. interviewer: or if it's just 741: The two of us? interviewer: mm-hmm you'd say that not just one of us but 741: Two of us. Or we both did. interviewer: well what about if uh if we have to do something together again you might say that and have to do it 741: You and I have to do it. interviewer: or if uh you and another man are coming over to see me you might #1 say # 741: #2 He and I # are coming over to see you. interviewer: okay well what about if you were if you knocked on somebody's door and uh you you knew that they would recognize the sound of your voice when they ask from inside 741: #1 I'd say it's me # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah alright I would too I don't care if it's where I 741: #1 yeah I know alright it's me # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: {NW} That's all I say on the telephone. #1 {X} it's me. # interviewer: #2 alright # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what if uh if you were inside and a man who you recognized his voice without using his name you might say oh open the door it's just 741: Just me. interviewer: Or if it was a man you'd say ah just open the door it's just without using his name if you were gonna use the pronoun form you'd 741: Oh like well no it's just him. interviewer: right and if it was a woman you'd say 741: It's just her. interviewer: uh and if it were several people you'd say it's 741: Just them. interviewer: right okay this expression say comparing how tall you are you might say well I'm not as tall as 741: As she is. interviewer: or she's not as tall as 741: I am. interviewer: or comparing how well you can do something you might say well he can do it better than 741: I can. interviewer: say if a man had been running for two miles and just after two miles he just had to stop you'd say that uh two miles is as he could go 741: As far as he could go. interviewer: a few possessives if something belongs to me I say that's 741: Mine. interviewer: if it belongs to uh you I say that's 741: Yours. Okay. interviewer: #1 yeah gotta kinda reorient yourself # 741: #2 {NW} Yes. # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 741: #2 {NW} # interviewer: or if it if it belongs to him that's 741: It's his. interviewer: if it's belongs to her 741: It's hers. interviewer: and it belongs to them 741: Theirs. Isn't it interesting how we say it's me it's #1 them it's # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: him and yet turn right around and use it correctly in another form. interviewer: Yeah. 741: But it's there's nothing can break me of that. You know I'll {C: laughing} say it #1 forever. # interviewer: #2 as far as # usage goes 741: #1 It's pretty common yeah. # interviewer: #2 now that sort of thing is yeah # sure what about uh oh if several people have been visiting you and they're all about to leave what might you say to 'em as a group if you'd like them to uh 741: Y'all come back. interviewer: what about uh if you were asking a group of people if something um belongs to them together for example you might say uh 741: {NW} #1 You know what I'd say. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Is that y'all's? {NW} That's what I'd say too. interviewer: Right that's right. 741: #1 say that's y'all's # interviewer: #2 well have # 741: that's that belongs to y'all that's that's y'all's isn't it? interviewer: uh-huh have you ever heard that uh as y'alls's? {X} 741: #1 No I haven't # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: heard #1 that but I've heard y'all's. # interviewer: #2 {X} # y'all's. say uh I had been to a party and for some reason you didn't get to go and later on you were asking me about it you wanted to know uh who was there and everybody that was there you would probably ask me what 741: Who all was there? interviewer: or say I had been to church on Sunday and Auxiliary: {D: I'm going to punch club tell 'em} I'm going to work Saturday and Sun- Saturday and Sunday 741: Okay. {NS} Now if {C: background noise} I was at you were at #1 church or I was at church? # interviewer: #2 yeah # if I was at 741: You were at #1 church and I # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: was not now go ahead. interviewer: right and you wanted to know later on what the minister said everything he said you'd ask me 741: Tell me everything he said. interviewer: you said a minute if he hadn't said a second ago you would ask me uh who all was there would you ever say well what all did he say 741: Yeah I'd say what all did he say now I very likely would probably it was the way you asked the question that I would say tell me if you wanted to know everything he said I'd say well tell me everything you said but I'd say y'all what all did he say yeah I I would. interviewer: {X} 741: I surely would. interviewer: well this 741: #1 Isn't that awful? # interviewer: #2 they say uh # 741: #1 It's just that # interviewer: #2 no it's # 741: #1 you # interviewer: #2 no # 741: know better and you just do it anyway. {NS} interviewer: say if uh this expression if if no one else will look after them you'll say they've gotta look after 741: Themselves. interviewer: or if no one else will do it for him he's gotta do it 741: Himself. interviewer: tell me about some different kinds of bread that you know about 741: Different kinds of bread. I don't say white bread if that's what you're looking for uh we just say bread it's just plain bread is white bread to us. Some people do say white bread. uh Whole wheat bread rye bread French bread um sourdough cornbread uh spoon bread. interviewer: Spoon bread. could you describe that? 741: Oh I wish I could. Most delightful dish ever invented by human beings. Well it's uh it's like cornbread. Except that it's baked with uh it's much much softer and you have to it's baked in a usually in a some sort of a casserole pan. And it has to be spooned out usually may have I think it's made with the egg whites. I've only tried to bake it once and I had a total disaster. The people that are good at baking it it's most wonderful. It's very very very light very delicate cornbread is what it is. interviewer: that's interesting that's the this is one of the rare times that I've ever gotten any response to that item when I try to investigate it people uh never heard about it 741: Never heard of spoon bread? interviewer: far as I if I try to describe it you know it's something made out of cornmeal and soft and you can you know spoon it out like uh almost mashed potatoes and they'd say oh well that's that's mush 741: #1 Mush? # interviewer: #2 something like that. # 741: #1 oh mercy # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: Mercy I don't know spoon bread it's just a real delicacy I'm just not very good at making it I wish I were. We had I had a mammy I guess you'd call it a black mammy when I was growing up. And she could make spoon bread oh and it was just you know with butter just melting on it and light as air oh interviewer: mm-hmm 741: just marvelous. interviewer: mm-hmm 741: And it's just lost. You know I just cannot ma- I've got the recipe for it but I just it separates the cornmeal separates. I do I don't know what I do wrong but I do something wrong and nobody else I know makes it. Although well occasionally for a luncheon or something someone will make hot spoon bread to go with a uh usually uh a light lunch for a ladies luncheon or something. interviewer: I see. well talking 741: #1 well you all have # interviewer: #2 about # 741: that in Alabama don't you? interviewer: #1 I have # 741: #2 spoon bread # interviewer: never seen it made. 741: You've never seen sp- oh. Oh dear you must have some sometime. You really #1 must it's # interviewer: #2 yeah # crackling bread I'm familiar #1 with I've had that # 741: #2 {X} # interviewer: plenty of times. 741: Spoon bread is a just a beautiful delicacy it really is just something. interviewer: well I wish I could uh 741: One of these days maybe you'll have #1 have it sometime. # interviewer: #2 I've never seen a recipe # for it either. 741: Strangely enough the last time I had some good spoon bread it was made by a woman from Florida. interviewer: Really. 741: Who was living here temporarily her husband was an engineer with uh but it oh it's good. interviewer: well talking about bread some people will say uh that just in generally there are two types of bread one's the type that uh you make at home call that homemade bread 741: #1 oh yeah # interviewer: #2 and the others # the type that 741: Store-bought. interviewer: store-bought. {NW} but talking 741: #1 yeah all of # interviewer: #2 about # 741: ours is uh store-bought. #1 I'm afraid # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you mentioned cornbread have you ever heard of any type of cornbread that was made years ago in the fireplace maybe covered in ashes 741: I've heard of it I I don't know that it's ca- it's that it's called anything. interviewer: well have you ever heard of uh ashcake or something like that? 741: Yes I think I read it interviewer: {X} 741: and I don't think it came from around here. interviewer: Literary term. 741: mm-hmm interviewer: well what about uh these things that uh are round you know made with cornmeal have onions 741: corn muffins or if or s- oh oh well you're talking about hush #1 puppies. # interviewer: #2 yeah # eat 'em with fish 741: Right oh they're wonderful. interviewer: you said you make corn muffins? too 741: Oh I don't make 'em but my daughter loves 'em. uh You can get 'em frozen and just put 'em in the oven {C: laughing} {NW} I don't make 'em interviewer: courtesy of Morton's or whoever 741: right whoe- whoever. Uh but hush puppies I have I do we're not much bread eaters we- I'm always on a diet and my daughter has to diet my husband needs to diet. The only one is the tall lanky one there that #1 doesn't need to # interviewer: #2 he doesn't have a # problem. 741: #1 No problem # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: but the rest of us do and I just don't no br- no breads no desserts. It's just a standard interviewer: Yeah. 741: rule around here. But I can remember the things that my grandmother used to put on the #1 table. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what about these flat fairly thin things that you can make with corn meal that are about the size of your hand I guess you just pour 'em out mix up a batter and pour 'em out cook 'em in a skillet that way are you familiar with the term hoecake? 741: Oh I'm f- uh I've I've heard of 'em. Uh like in folk songs or something but I #1 never have eaten one no I haven't eaten one. # interviewer: #2 but you have no idea what it's like # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what do you think what do you think of cornbread do you think of this thing about so thick maybe the same size as the skillet or a big round thing what what would if say a pone of cornbread what does that mean to you? anything 741: I've heard the term but I don't know what it really refers to pone. {D: I've heard of card} corn pones too but I I don't really know what they mean. interviewer: what about corn dodger? do you know what that is? 741: uh I've heard corn dodger used like a hush puppy. interviewer: Hush puppy synonymous with that? 741: I've assumed it was because I've heard people talking about oh if you're going to a fish fry or something you know says well we're gonna have hush puppies or we're gonna have corn dodgers. So I assumed they were the same thing it may not have been but I assumed they were the same thing but I've definitely heard and the people that I've heard use corn dodgers come from southeastern Arkansas. They don't come from around Clark county. Clark county uses hush puppies. interviewer: you have the cheerleaders playing or 741: Look yes it looks like we are. interviewer: #1 {X} # 741: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # {D: We have major ed camps} #1 band camps cheerleader ca- # interviewer: #2 oh yeah # 741: #1 uh constantly over there # interviewer: #2 oh yeah # {X} 741: #1 much to the joy of my teenage son. # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah {NW} camps out with binoculars {X} well what about these things uh a lot of people like to eat 'em for breakfast you mix up the batter with the flour and special mix and all this 741: Pancakes. interviewer: yeah you ever heard those called anything 741: Hot cake. interviewer: hot cakes 741: They're pancakes from to me from this area but after having been around the rest of the country I've learned to say hot cakes as well as pancakes but they're pancakes to me. interviewer: ever heard 'em called flapjacks 741: Oh yeah I've heard 'em called flapjacks. But pancakes is the I guess would be the indigenous term. interviewer: well what about these things uh you can make 'em at home uh they're made you mix the batter and you fry 'em in deep fat and they have a hole in the middle 741: Donuts? interviewer: have you ever heard of anybody taking uh a just a lump of that donut dough and cooking it that way 741: #1 Donut holes. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # is that what you call 'em? 741: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 donut holes # That's interesting. 741: Why? what uh uh else are they #1 called? # interviewer: #2 don't # really think of a hole you know 741: #1 Well I know it but they you # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: know people would go out and buy donut holes. interviewer: right 741: #1 I I never will # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: forget when uh someone said they were gonna serve that for a brunch. #1 I mean serve # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: donut holes. interviewer: {NW} {X} about how much uh flour do you buy at a time uh 741: Oh I buy very little about never over five pounds. I just we just don't we're a weight watcher family. {NW} We just don't buy it interviewer: well what if you wanted to uh make some homemade bread what could you put in it to make it rise? 741: Yeast. interviewer: ever heard any other pronunciation for that? 741: Miss Ida uh calls it #1 east. # interviewer: #2 yeah # what about uh the two parts of an egg you say you have uh 741: The yolk and the white. interviewer: and the yolk is what color? 741: Yellow. interviewer: what about some different ways of preparing eggs that you know about 741: Oh my scrambled fried omelets uh boiled deviled just endless. interviewer: or you know there's this little contraption uh you can have that's has these little cups you know and you can manage to spin it on the 741: #1 Poached. # interviewer: #2 water # yeah what about the uh the little piece of meat that you can boil along with your green what do you call that? 741: Salt pork. interviewer: salt pork 741: Some people call it fatback. interviewer: does it have much lean on it? 741: Very little. Just a tiny bit running through it and real soft it occasionally you'll buy it now it doesn't have salt on it It's not as good it's got to be good and crusty with salt. interviewer: Yeah. well what about this meat that people like to eat uh for breakfast usually comes sliced and uh you fry it 741: Sausage. #1 oh # interviewer: #2 that or # 741: Bacon. interviewer: if you wanted to buy a lot of bacon and and but not have it sliced you'd say you bought a whole 741: Oh uh well I was gonna say raft it's not a raft uh side of bacon. Although I don't buy it that way. interviewer: well what about you know after you if you were slicing that bacon up there's that real tough edge 741: #1 Rind. # interviewer: #2 that # {D: have you ever heard uh a person call a side of bacon a middling?} 741: No. interviewer: Never heard that? 741: mm-mm. interviewer: is uh bacon the only type of meat that you know of that can be smoked 741: Oh ham. Ham can be sm- and turkeys. Just all kinds of meat can be smoked but particularly ham and turkeys are really good. that's an Arkansas well I'm sure it is probably all over but it there's uh Ozarks smokehouses are just #1 really famous. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what do you call a man who deals in meat exclusively he's a 741: Butcher. interviewer: or say you kept you uh your meat too long you'd say that it's done what 741: I would say it's spoiled. interviewer: {X} you ever heard people say the meat's strong? 741: #1 that it smells strong? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: I'm I never have interviewer: {X} 741: spoiled is the word I hear more than anything else. interviewer: {X} 741: #1 or rancid # interviewer: #2 some people # yeah some people tell me that uh that meat can get strong but it's not spoiled 741: Well it can interviewer: {X} 741: #1 kind of get a little bit ripe # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh you say rancid rancid would if you had uh kept your butter too long and it 741: #1 It can get rancid too. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # have you ever heard people describe butter that's like that as being they'd say it got it's a little funky? 741: I've heard funky used #1 lots of ways # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 but I have not heard it used with butter. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # to describe rancid butter have you ever heard if uh making anything with some meat from a hog's head? 741: I've heard of uh brains and eggs but I don't is that a hog's brain it may #1 be. # interviewer: #2 yeah # pork brains what about souse 741: mm-mm interviewer: I don't guess you've heard anything called head cheese then 741: Do you know I just was reading a recipe for that. #1 uh # interviewer: #2 that right # 741: Yes out of a Charleston cookbook. Charleston South Carolina. I just happened to we were going over this uh it's called receipts and uh interviewer: {X} 741: I was looking through it I read recipe books like a novel and uh it said head cheese and I read the recipe. interviewer: {NW} 741: Have never made any. interviewer: Yeah. but you know I was surprised I I saw that stuff the first time packaged in these little plastic deals like you buy you know pre-sliced bologna or ham or whatever by uh Hormel or you know 741: #1 really? # interviewer: #2 something # souse there 741: #1 Souse so that's what souse is huh. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: It's head cheese? interviewer: yeah 741: #1 huh # interviewer: #2 made # from the 741: {X} interviewer: meat from a 741: #1 just sounds awful I # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: just I don't know. #1 I don't just # interviewer: #2 not that bad # really. 741: #1 Well I'm sure it's not I just yeah yeah that's # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: what you have to do. interviewer: Yeah. well have you ever heard of uh making anything by uh cooking and grinding up hard liver? any kind of dish made with that? 741: Pate is the only liver dish I know of that making grinding up no. interviewer: this one this one's a bit repulsive but have you ever heard of of making uh anybody making a a dish out of hog's blood? 741: Oh y- uh yes I have but I thought that was a German dish interviewer: {X} 741: uh what's it called. um Like blood sausage but I think they call it something else. Uh uh yeah I've heard they take intestines and fill 'em up with blood and cook 'em somebody was tel- some psychologist over at Henderson was telling me about about this I #1 never have seen anybody. # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} {NW} 741: He said it was really good I #1 that's not uh # interviewer: #2 sure # {NW} 741: that's not one of our usual #1 breakfast dishes. # interviewer: #2 no # {NW} uh well have you ever heard of uh this will probably well say taking the juice from the head cheese and mixing it up with cornmeal maybe some hog meat cooking it that way have you ever heard of anything like that? 741: I've heard of stuff like that well that was the same psychologist at Henderson he went into just a whole culinary {NW} lecture one day about all these things you could do with strange parts of a hog but uh interviewer: {X} Arkansas cooking 741: c- probably so he wanted to know how many people in the class knew about it I think one or two did but I've I was not familiar with it. interviewer: well have you ever heard of anything called scrapple? 741: I think that's yeah that's what they would've called it. And he said you can buy it in the store. interviewer: {X} 741: #1 in cans. # interviewer: #2 you know # I feel like an idiot asking that because I've really never seen it before uh 741: Well he said you can buy it in the store he loves scrapple and he oh well he calls it something he calls it a German term interviewer: Yeah. 741: but uh I've forgotten what the name of it was but it somebody else in the class when he described it said that's scrapple and he said yes that is uh an Arkansas term for it but the German term for it is something else. #1 and I'm not familiar with it # interviewer: #2 I think as a # matter of fact Arkansas is the only place I've ever gotten any response to that question matter of fact never got anything in Alabama or Tennessee or Mississippi 741: Well this this uh man is I assume has German origins or his wife does because he was descri- and most of the people in the class and most of the people in the class and they came from all over Arkansas had had no idea what he was talking about. #1 and # interviewer: #2 well # 741: I wouldn't have if {NW} if I hadn't been in that class when he was talking about it. interviewer: well what about this uh thick sour milk that you can keep 741: Sour cream? interviewer: or uh 741: Oh are you talking about clabber? interviewer: yeah 741: Now my grandmother talked about clabber. Uh she kept it and made it and I don't know what she did ate it maybe it's similar to yogurt I don't know. #1 She never # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: could get me to drink it. #1 I wouldn't touch it with a # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: ten foot pole. interviewer: {X} 741: But she kept it my grandmother did. interviewer: can you make anything from that? 741: I imagine. I I never have. I I just don't. interviewer: do you make cottage cheese from it? 741: You probably could interviewer: well say after uh after a farmer has milked his cows what would you say should do to the milk to get the impurities out 741: Pasteurize. interviewer: pasteurize it or say if you just passed it through a fine wire mesh you'd say that he was 741: #1 Strain # interviewer: #2 what? # 741: it I don't know. interviewer: what about something that you make for uh dessert in a deep dish say take uh slices of maybe apples or 741: #1 Cobbler. # interviewer: #2 peaches? # cobbler now is it is a cobbler the same thing as a pie to you? 741: um It not exactly. Because a pie is usually not as deep a dish as you say. And a cobbler is usually runnier I don't know why but it doesn't seem to hold together like a slice of pie you can pick it up and put it on a plate but a cobbler you quite often have to use a spoon spoon it up. It's just a a runnier thing they're good though they're good. interviewer: well so this expression say if somebody has a good appetite you'd say that well so and so really likes to put away his 741: Food. interviewer: ever heard that uh saying any other way? 741: #1 put away his # interviewer: #2 anything besides food # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: Chow. interviewer: do you ever hear people around here say vittles? 741: Really not. interviewer: Yeah. 741: That's Beverly Hillbillies is my first interviewer: {NW} 741: {NW} interviewer: exposure to vittles. 741: {D: Yeah it wasn't vittles right.} I I had seen victuals or #1 vittles # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: written #1 in books # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: and didn't know what it was. interviewer: well say if you were barbecuing some pork this uh when you cook along with it you might pour some more uh #1 {X} # 741: #2 Barbecue # sauce. interviewer: {X} now what about sauce and gravy is there a difference there? between a sauce and a gravy? 741: There is to me. I don't know I don't know exactly how to describe it. Gravy's made with the drippings of uh meat and sauces are usually made from something else. interviewer: in the case of barbecue sauce wouldn't you use the drippings of the meat there? 741: #1 mm-mm # interviewer: #2 or # {X} 741: No because you make it with uh tomato sauce and all #1 kinds of spices # interviewer: #2 I see # 741: and and the uh the fat in it is not the fat from the meat. interviewer: well what about food that you uh have between meals you'd say you're having a 741: Snack. Cheating. {NW} Sinning. {NW} interviewer: Yeah. well what about that word uh eat the past form you say yesterday #1 I? # 741: #2 I ate. # interviewer: and you have 741: Eaten. interviewer: I asked you about coffee I believe yesterday didn't I 741: I don't remember you may have. interviewer: we were talking about black coffee 741: #1 Oh yes. # interviewer: #2 being straight # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # barefooted and all 741: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 that # {X} say uh on a hot day if you were thirsty instead of drinking some uh carbonated drink you might just go to the sink and pour yourself a 741: Some water. interviewer: and you would pour that into a 741: Glass. interviewer: different types of uh glasses any particular names for them uh {X} 741: Now my grandmother used the term water glass sometimes or uh I just say a glass. Glass is a glass is a glass to me but she would k- say a water glass go get a water glass or go get a uh tea glass or well you know whatever that sort of thing. interviewer: well what about uh 741: #1 or milk glass or # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 something # interviewer: #2 milk # glass 741: I don't know if milk glass and a water glass is the same thing. interviewer: what about a goblet? 741: A goblet was used as a stemmed uh glass. And we wouldn't use that just to go to the faucet #1 and get a # interviewer: #2 {NW} # better not anyway 741: You're right I'd get killed. interviewer: well what about the uh the verb drink the past form of that yesterday I 741: I drank. interviewer: and I 741: #1 I have # interviewer: #2 have # 741: drunk. interviewer: if you had some friends over for a meal and they were just standing around the table you might say well just don't stand there go ahead and 741: Be seated. interviewer: and that the word sit the past form 741: Sat. interviewer: and have 741: Sat. interviewer: or if you were if you were uh seated at the table and someone was passing the food around and uh they passed you something that you didn't like what would you say when it was offered to you 741: No thank you. interviewer: or if uh if you didn't want somebody to wait uh 'til something was passed you'd say well just go ahead and 741: Help yourself. interviewer: and that word help the past form is 741: Helped. interviewer: and I have 741: Helped. interviewer: or say food that's been uh uh heated and and served a second time you'd say that you're having 741: uh Well leftovers. interviewer: and you say that the food has been drawing a blank? 741: #1 Well I # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 I # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 I can't think of # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: anything you might be looking for. interviewer: do you ever say anything like warmed over or something like that 741: mm-mm interviewer: don't say that okay 741: Oh heavens I'm always so thankful that there's anything left over {D: dude you just} #1 can't imagine # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: in this house there's never anything {C: laughing} left over. interviewer: uh-huh 741: I we we don't even consider that leftovers cause it's usually better the next day anyway. interviewer: mm-hmm 741: Some people do I guess they warm it over I've seen it written anyway. interviewer: well when you begin to eat something you say you put it in your mouth and you begin to 741: Chew. interviewer: and let's see I mentioned a second ago say something prepared by taking cornmeal and boiling it in water putting in a little salt eating it that way 741: Yeah you're I think you're talking about mush. interviewer: yeah is that what you would call it? 741: I wouldn't call it #1 I wouldn't # interviewer: #2 wouldn't # 741: #1 eat it either. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} Okay. # well what about things like uh oh carrots peas beets and so forth they're all different kinds of 741: Vegetables. interviewer: or say this food that we eat here in the south particularly made up of uh ground corn you know eat it for a lot of people eat it for breakfast uh 741: Grits. interviewer: Yeah. 741: I thought that was hominy. interviewer: well #1 I think the hominy's the # 741: #2 Made from hominy. # interviewer: #1 the whole yeah # 741: #2 bigger bigger. # #1 thing yeah # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 741: Has a little bit different flavor than corn it's interviewer: right right what's out of that another starchy food say uh it's well it's grown here in Arkansas 741: Rice. interviewer: right yeah I always tell my Arkansas people that I saw my first rice growing here in the state I think I said I was riding along the road and I saw this flooded field what in the world is that you know got all that water on the field never seen any growing before 741: Do you know uh there so amusing to me we we were in uh Connecticut for uh an interview right before we were sent Mike off to school. interviewer: {X} 741: We'd gone to a counseling service in Wallingford Connecticut and the man who was interviewing us you know asked something about you know well why were we interested in sending him to a prep school and this sort of thing and and I mentioned the fact that no matter how good your grades were from Arkadelphia High School that the better colleges wouldn't look at you. You could be valedictorian or you know have stra- never made anything but an A and and they wouldn't look at you I said and for example Rice University and he said Where? {NW} and I said Rice Univ- I said surely you've heard of Rice and he said oh yes but I couldn't understand what you were saying. interviewer: Rice. 741: #1 Rice hears Rice hears Rice University he did not # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: know what I was talking about. interviewer: rice 741: Rice. interviewer: {X} that's a good school 741: Yeah it is. interviewer: in Houston or down 741: Houston. interviewer: Houston what about uh uh alcoholic beverages you always hear about they're made up in the hills or in the mountains in Arkansas uh 741: {X} #1 Moonshine. # interviewer: #2 type you don't # pay tax on right have you ever heard 741: Bootleg. interviewer: bootleg 741: mm-hmm interviewer: anything besides uh moonshine or 741: Rotgut. #1 uh # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: Let's see what all uh moonshine rotgut bootleg. Seems like two three other terms too that don't come to mind right now. interviewer: do they call it white lightning around here 741: Not really. interviewer: really? 741: In spite of the well I've I've heard of heard that but I I really rotgut and moonshine is mostly what what you hear. interviewer: you ever tasted any of the 741: #1 no # interviewer: #2 stuff # say if something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nose you might say mm just 741: Just smells great. interviewer: what well talking about pancakes a minute ago this uh stuff that people pour on their pancakes 741: #1 syrup # interviewer: #2 {X} # is there anything like that uh except maybe a little 741: #1 You're talking about molasses. # interviewer: #2 thicker yeah # is there a difference to you? or are they 741: #1 Oh # interviewer: #2 the same? # 741: heavens yes I ca- I don't like molasses. Molasses is too {X} well I guess maybe it's just the molasses that I have had. interviewer: mm 741: But it's usually uh to me or has a kind of a bitter taste to it I don't know what it is #1 it's just # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 741: not the I don't kn- it's uh has a funny taste to me. Maybe it's the black sap molasses or something I have tasted but I have not cared for it now that syrup is much lighter. interviewer: {X} 741: And has a more delicate flavor #1 to me. # interviewer: #2 what is # what kind of uh syrup uh do you usually use? 741: When we use it which we don't usually it's it's maple. Log cabin. interviewer: you ever used any cane? syrup 741: only in cooking like uh Karo. interviewer: have you ever heard of uh something molasses around here made from sour 741: Uh yes that and they put that in uh feed by the #1 way. # interviewer: #2 yeah # it's always easy to tell when you're what do what do they call those places you know out in the field the big pits or something like that that they use uh in some kind of sourdough preparation but you can really smell the stuff a long way off what about uh this expression say if I have a belt that's made out of cow hide and it's it's a hundred percent cow hide I might say well now this isn't imitation cow hide it's 741: Genuine. interviewer: say if uh in the days before sugar was sold pre-packaged like it is now it might have been sold right out of the barrel you would say that the sugar's being sold how ever heard any expression for that? 741: Uh I I don't think so. You you can ask if you've got the term you may see if I've heard of it I can't think of anything off the bat. interviewer: ever heard uh people say well such and such being sold in bulk or bulk sugar or 741: #1 bulk sugar # interviewer: #2 being sold # 741: Not r- when I think of things being sold in bulk I think of it being like by the car load #1 or something. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 You know I. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh have you ever heard the the term loose used sugar's being sold loose what else about something else that uh you might eat along say with hot biscuits you would 741: Honey. interviewer: yeah that or something 741: #1 Gravy. # interviewer: #2 like # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # that or made from different fruits you 741: Jelly. interviewer: yeah and 741: #1 Preserves. # interviewer: #2 {D: do you} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about the condiments that just about everybody has on the table 741: #1 salt and pepper # interviewer: #2 you have # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or this expression say if uh I had a bowl of apples and peaches and offered it to you you might say well I don't think I care for a peach but an apple 741: I'll have an apple. interviewer: or give might say me an apple 741: Give me an apple. interviewer: say if you were pointing out some boys who had pulled some prank or something you might say well it wasn't these boys it was 741: Those boys. interviewer: or if you know or what about if uh 741: #1 Or it was # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: them. interviewer: yeah 741: I think that's what you're #1 looking # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 for I'd say it was them # interviewer: #2 {NW} # or if you were trying to tell somebody how to do something you might say well don't do it that way do it don't do it that way 741: #1 Do it # interviewer: #2 do it # 741: this way. interviewer: or uh what would you say the opposite of rich is? 741: Poor. interviewer: or uh say this expression I might say well when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 741: Poorer. #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 Or rich or whatever. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 That's right. # 741: What's {X} what's which end of the scale are you uh looking for? #1 {D: I will take} # interviewer: #2 well either # one will do what about uh say if you have uh a lot of peach trees growing together you would call that 741: An orchard. interviewer: you remember the uh the type of tree that Washington was supposed to have 741: #1 The cherry # interviewer: #2 cut? # 741: tree. interviewer: what do you call the the hard inside part of a cherry 741: The pit. interviewer: what about this uh uh uh hard inside part of a peach what do you call that 741: Peach pit. interviewer: peach pit okay well you know there are some peaches uh the the meat of the peach is tight against the pit and you really have to get in there and cut it out have you ever heard of that type of peach called anything particular? 741: mm-mm interviewer: never heard people talk about a cling peach 741: I thought that was something that came in cans. interviewer: #1 Yeah. {NW} # 741: #2 {NW} # interviewer: well what about the the other type that uh the uh the pit uh you know falls out pretty easily comes out easy 741: I didn't know there was that difference. interviewer: you ever heard of a freestone? 741: I I know that there are brands cling and freestone and and different things like that but I had no idea that interviewer: I didn't either. 741: #1 cling peaches cling peaches # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: are usually what I buy when I buy 'em canned if I don't buy 'em fresh. interviewer: {X} 741: I don't know what they grow out here at A- at uh Amity. interviewer: at where? 741: Amity. interviewer: what is that 741: It's a little town. A-M-I-T-Y. Amity. interviewer: grow a lot of fruit out there? 741: They have peach orchards. interviewer: oh I see well what about the part of an apple that's left after you've eaten uh from 741: #1 The core. # interviewer: #2 around # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # have you ever heard of people around here uh cutting up uh peaches or apples and letting 'em dry and uh using 'em that way 741: Oh I know people use dried apples. interviewer: what do you use 'em for 741: Well you can use 'em for baking or just eating. interviewer: you ever heard 'em called anything other than just uh 741: Dried apples? interviewer: dried apple what about uh what are the types of nuts that grow around here 741: Pecans and and uh what else does we have pecan trees in our yard so uh well I'm drawing a blank on that I'm sure we have lots of nuts that grow around here. interviewer: you have uh well what about these nuts you know that grow in the ground 741: Oh the peanuts? interviewer: yeah you ever heard that called anything else? 741: Goobers. interviewer: goobers yeah that's a big crop where I'm from well what about walnuts you have those grow around here 741: We must have I know we have walnut trees but I've I really can't ever remember seeing any on the market or knowing anybody that uh. They parch chestnuts and parch pecans but interviewer: mm-hmm 741: not well not don't know about any walnuts. interviewer: well you know uh this part of the walnut that will stain your fingers you know when you pick 'em 741: I never have #1 picked any # interviewer: #2 you have the # softer part of it you know what that 741: mm-mm interviewer: you ever heard people talk about the hull of the of a nut the hull 741: the hull yeah interviewer: is there anything different from that maybe harder the part that you crack 741: The shell. interviewer: {X} this probably may not grow around here but they're usually available in stores around Christmas time uh kind of a a long flat backed uh 741: Little almond. interviewer: almond what about this fruit that grows in Florida and in California kinda rivals over uh 741: Grapefruit? interviewer: that or a small one you know uh 741: Tangerine? Or oranges. #1 Or # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what about say if I had a uh a bowl of oranges I might say well that bowl was full this morning but now it's but now they're 741: Empty they're gone. interviewer: uh-huh yeah what about this uh red uh red colored root vegetable 741: #1 Beets. # interviewer: #2 it's uh # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # beets or this these are kinda real hot some people put 'em in green salad you know 741: Oh radishes. interviewer: or what about another uh vegetable uh red uh you know these would go in green salad too 741: #1 Red onions. # interviewer: #2 sliced up # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # onions or uh just a plain ol' uh {NW} they grow on these plants you know lot of people have in their gardens 741: I don't know are you talking about rutabagas? #1 I don't know what you're talking about # interviewer: #2 no nothing exotic # 741: #1 nothing exotic # interviewer: #2 just a # regular ol' 741: a regular red vegetable you would put in a s- oh tomatoes. interviewer: {NW} 741: Oh for heaven's sake. interviewer: oh but do you have the small ones around here 741: #1 The little cherry tomatoes? # interviewer: #2 about # cherry tomatoes you mentioned onions what about these small ones with the long stalk are those called any 741: #1 We # interviewer: #2 thing # 741: call 'em green onions here they call 'em leeks in of course the leeks that I've seen in the fancy food stores in Little Rock are bigger than our green onions. But I've using recipes I think they're interchangeable. interviewer: what about uh different types of potatoes or 741: #1 Sweet potatoes and # interviewer: #2 grow around # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: Irish potatoes. interviewer: have you ever heard sweet potatoes called anything else? 741: Uh yams. interviewer: Yams. 741: I the only in terms of candied #1 it's candied ya- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: sweet potatoes and it's candied yams. interviewer: I see 741: But it's uh sweet potato is what they mostly call it around here interviewer: well what about this uh another type of vegetable that's oh they usually kind of long and slender green you can either cut 'em up fry 'em or uh you know stick 'em 741: #1 Okra? # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah or say if uh if you leave uh an apple out in the in the sun it's liable to dry up and 741: Shrivel up and. interviewer: what about vegetables that come in heads? 741: Lettuce cabbage. interviewer: or uh what about some different types of beans that'll grow around here 741: Green beans peas no let's see oh just beans huh. Green beans and lima beans and butter beans. interviewer: #1 is that a type that you have to # 741: #2 {X} # interviewer: uh they come in the pods 741: #1 That you have to # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: string 'em? interviewer: or uh 741: #1 after you # interviewer: #2 Snap 'em. # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: or and you just say if you've got a bunch of 'em you have to sit there and Snap 'em. interviewer: snap 'em or if you have to 741: String 'em I call it string 'em. interviewer: call it string 'em? does that mean uh shell same 741: Oh you're talking about shelling #1 peas. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: {D: No it well you don't} #1 don't shell beans you shell # interviewer: #2 {X} # what about 741: #1 well now butter beans yeah you'd shell butter beans # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah 741: But uh and you shell peas. #1 But you # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: string beans #1 or snap beans. # interviewer: #2 or snap beans # always liked to snap 'em that was 741: #1 Yeah you have to string 'em first and then snap 'em. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Some people calls it call 'em snap beans. interviewer: uh-huh well what about if you uh cut the tops off a lot of turnips and cooked 'em that way you'd say you were cooking a mess of 741: Greens. interviewer: ever heard that called anything else? 741: I m- #1 maybe I # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: don't know what. interviewer: have you ever heard people talk about turnip sallet? 741: Heard 'em say poke sallet. interviewer: poke sallet 741: But that's wild. Poke is a interviewer: Yeah. 741: definite uh varmint. #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: I don't know that I've had {X} and I think you spell it sallet S-A-L-A-T. interviewer: yeah right or maybe S-A L-L-I-T. 741: S-A-L-L #1 I-T I don't # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: know what it is but anyway that's uh interviewer: {X} 741: uh no I d- I never have uh interviewer: well if you were going to send me to the store to buy some lettuce you'd probably tell me to go get 741: Go get three heads of lettuce. interviewer: have you ever heard of a person refer uh to his children say he had so many head of children 741: No but I've heard 'em {C: laughing} say head of cattle. interviewer: head of cattle well what about this say uh if a man had seven boys and seven girls referring to the number there you'd say he just had a whole 741: Mess of kids. interviewer: mess of kids you heard that 741: mm-hmm interviewer: is there any other way of uh 741: #1 or a bunch of kids # interviewer: #2 say that bunch of kids # do people around here say anything like well so and so's just got a whole passel of kids 741: A passel. Most of the time they may say a mess or a mess of kids. I I don't know why I think of that but they they really have a bunch. interviewer: what's a what about uh you know the outside covered interviewer: do you know anything about El Dorado? 741: Well what about it? interviewer: well uh I went down there uh yesterday after and after I left here just to scout around a bit and I saw some kind of well 741: #1 oil well # interviewer: #2 {X} # are those those the oil wells #1 down there # 741: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: well I'll be darned {X} 741: Right it there's uh oil along in here somewhere #1 out there. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: We're hoping someday they'll find it here. interviewer: {X} this uh oil well there you know that's unattended. #1 mm-hmm # 741: #2 It was just # interviewer: pumping away. 741: #1 They had a # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: real oil boom uh back before I can remember but somewhere back in there. interviewer: do you have any idea what size town El Dorado is? 741: Pretty good size town uh but I don't really know. I'd say like thirty thousand I'm guessing. interviewer: uh-huh let's see I was gonna ask you about the uh outside covering of an ear of corn you call that the 741: Shuck. interviewer: what about that part that grows right out the top 741: The silks. interviewer: is that uh uh when I think of silks I think of uh 741: The hair #1 hairy looking. # interviewer: #2 yeah right on the # cob you know that you brush #1 off but # 741: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: you know when it's growing it's still on the on the stalk there's a the stuff that uh grows right out the top of it and I think some people distinguish it have you ever heard it called the tassel the corn tassel? 741: mm-mm interviewer: have you ever heard uh of corn that's tender enough to be eaten right off the cob called anything in particular 741: Just corn off the cob. interviewer: {X} you ever heard people around here talk about roasting ears 741: Mm yes I have but I didn't know that that was the connotation. interviewer: what about this uh big thing that uh people buy around Halloween you know 741: #1 The pumpkin? # interviewer: #2 make jack # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or this vegetable that most of it's yellow with a crook neck. 741: Squash. interviewer: what about some different types of melons 741: #1 Watermelon. # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: Cantaloupe. Honeydew melon. It's all I think of right now. interviewer: are there different colored uh {D: meats} as far as watermelons are concerned? 741: There's red and yellow interviewer: red and yellow 741: Mostly red. interviewer: {NW} you know if there's any way to to tell what color you got other than to 741: mm-mm interviewer: {NW} without cutting it. 741: mm-mm Now there may be but I don't know what it is. interviewer: what about these small things that are about this size sometimes you see 'em growing wild in people's yards they kinda look like uh uh umbrellas that are open you know they have a slender stalk and they're wide at the top looks like a little 741: #1 Mushroom? # interviewer: #2 umbrella # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # is there is there a type 741: #1 well I mean a # interviewer: #2 of that # 741: Toadstool. interviewer: is that the same thing to you? 741: No. interviewer: {X} what's the 741: They're well they {NW} they're uh toadstools are not edible mushrooms are toadstools are poisonous. interviewer: well say if lemme ask you of this expression say if a man has a sore throat and his uh throat's all swollen he might say well I'd like to eat such and such but my throat's swollen and I just can't 741: Swallow. interviewer: what about these things that people smoke some people smoke some people 741: Cigarettes. interviewer: or the longer thicker 741: Cigars. interviewer: say if uh uh some people were at a party and somebody sat down to play the piano people might gather around and they begin 741: Singing. interviewer: or somebody told uh a funny story uh {NS} {X} if it was a good one everybody might start 741: Laughing. interviewer: say if uh somebody offered to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I just don't wanna be 741: Obligated. interviewer: or say if somebody asked you to do a certain job you might say well sure I do that 741: I'll be glad to. interviewer: or or say if uh you're not able to do something you might say well I'd like to but I just 741: Can't. However let me qualify that uh. I've worked on {X} can't does I gotta be honest and say can't is one of our Clark county interviewer: Can't do {NS} 741: just can't do it. {NW} Sometimes can't comes out I'm always surprised when it does #1 but it does come out. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # Right. well what about uh oh say if uh if a farmer was looking at his corn and uh it seemed unusually short for this time of year you might say something like well that's funny at this time of year it to be taller 741: Ought to be taller. interviewer: or what about uh say if uh if you heard hear of a boy who got a spanking you might say well I'll bet he did something he 741: #1 Shouldn't have. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # ever hear people say oughtn't have? 741: Probably. interviewer: say uh if you're refusing to do something in a very strong way and I say well now I don't care how many times you ask me do that I just 741: Won't. interviewer: or uh to say suggesting the possibility of your being able to do something 741: #1 I might. # interviewer: #2 you might say # {D:-ight} ever hear people around here say well I might could do that for you 741: mm-hmm Might could mm-hmm. #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 do you # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or are you aware of yourself using that do you think 741: I probably do I'm not aware of myself doing it but I I might. {NS} interviewer: you do hear it pretty good bit around 741: #1 Oh # interviewer: #2 here # 741: yes I might could yes and that that is definitely used. interviewer: what about this uh bird that is supposed to be able to see in the dark makes a kind of hoot you know sound 741: Oh an owl. {C: crashing noise} {NS} interviewer: yeah do you know about different types of uh 741: All I've heard is hoot owls and screech owls and that's about it. interviewer: do you know the difference is there a difference in size 741: #1 I have no idea. # interviewer: #2 {D: or anything say no} # idea okay well what about this bird that drills holes in trees 741: Woodpeckers. interviewer: you ever heard them called anything else? 741: Peckerwoods. interviewer: have you ever heard a person call another person peckerwood 741: Yes I have. interviewer: what is that supposed to mean? any idea? 741: No. interviewer: don't know would it be a flattering term 741: #1 Uh it's not a flattering # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: term but it's usually an affectionate term. interviewer: is that right 741: {D: They say} oh that peckerwood didn't you know just like that old so and so but it's usually it's not usually used with an enemy around here it's usually a uh good buddy. interviewer: well what about uh uh this animal has black fur with a white stripe down 741: #1 A skunk. # interviewer: #2 its back # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # call those anything else? people around here ever say polecat? 741: Have you heard polecat used and I know that it's that that is a word for skunk but I I don't I don't really think they use it. Polecat is not common usage for it. interviewer: well is there 741: #1 But now they'll # interviewer: #2 something # 741: call a person a polecat. interviewer: Okay. 741: It means he smells bad. interviewer: #1 {NW} Is that right? # 741: #2 Right. # interviewer: well is there something like a skunk uh or a polecat except uh a little bit different still get some of that bad odor 741: #1 That bad smell? # interviewer: #2 you know # yeah 741: I don't not that I know of. There prob- may be. interviewer: have you ever heard of a civet cat? 741: A what? interviewer: civet cat 741: No. interviewer: well that that that's that's funny because I had never heard of a civet cat before I came to Arkansas 741: Well spell it. interviewer: oh now I can't now how do you spell that it's uh it's either C-E or C-I-V-I-T. civet 741: Never heard of that. interviewer: it's well it's like a skunk but it's very similar to a skunk but instead of a solid white stripe down its back it it the stripes are abbreviated you know they're kind of broken up so it's more spotted 741: hmm interviewer: than it is. 741: #1 Never heard of that. # interviewer: #2 {D: saw} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # they're around here there are all different ones but uh glad I ran into a native of Arkansas who didn't know what it was either feel pretty ignorant what about uh uh these animals with uh bushy tails that run around the trees 741: Squirrels. interviewer: Different types? {NW} 741: I have no idea. interviewer: heard people talk about uh gray squirrel or a fox squirrel 741: Tree squirrels uh. I have heard of different kinds but I've really never paid much attention. interviewer: well is there something like a squirrel except uh doesn't climb trees doesn't 741: #1 Ground squirrel. # interviewer: #2 {D: have it} # ground squirrel is that the same thing as what somebody might call a chipmunk? do you know 741: I have no idea. interviewer: {X} 741: I didn't think it was. I haven't seen chipmunks around here. Or I don't believe we have 'em. interviewer: well what do you know what some of the common of fresh water fish are they're 741: {D: Crappie and brim and and uh} catfish and and perch and trout. interviewer: what about some say seafood that's available in stores 741: Shrimp and lobster and uh crab and uh ocean catfish. interviewer: what about these things you know you hear about being served on a half shell 741: Oysters. interviewer: what about 741: #1 You can't # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: get those in a store here. interviewer: oh yeah 741: You can get 'em in Little Rock and some of the restaurants in uh Hot Springs have 'em flown in. interviewer: really? 741: But you can't you can't uh you can't buy 'em in a store. Oh well you might get canned but who would want 'em? interviewer: yeah {NW} what about uh this animal that stays around water a lot and makes a croaking noise 741: Frog. interviewer: is there anything that you call the the type of frog that does stay around water uh you ever heard it called anything particular 741: All I've heard of #1 bullfrogs and # interviewer: #2 bullfrogs # 741: and uh of course we eat frog #1 legs. # interviewer: #2 Right. # right I noticed that on a lot of menus in 741: #1 Oh they # interviewer: #2 restaurants. # 741: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Have you eaten any? interviewer: no I haven't 741: They're really good. It took me years to particularly after I had gone through the anatomy lab interviewer: yeah 741: And we had had to you know do these little interviewer: watch him jump 741: #1 watch 'em jump you know there wasn't any # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: way I was gonna eat a frog leg #1 but # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 741: they really are good. interviewer: well does 741: #1 Very good. # interviewer: #2 the meat taste # similar to any other 741: Chicken. And that well they say it does it's much fishier than that but it's really good white meat. interviewer: well is there uh a different type of uh frog that you know the type that stays around your garden or just on land primarily rather than anywhere on the water like a bullfrog 741: Oh there probably are I've just little #1 Toad frogs. # interviewer: #2 toad # frogs. have you ever seen these tiny little frogs that don't grow much larger than that uh some people say they come out after a storm you know 741: Right they do. Or well they they do #1 show up # interviewer: #2 or it # rains. 741: #1 I can't remember I don't know # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: remember any name for 'em interviewer: ever heard 'em called tree frogs around here? or 741: I've heard tree frogs. Yeah and there are tree frogs they have little funny looking things on their what I call their fingers. interviewer: yeah 741: Toes I guess. interviewer: where do people bring people who fish around here what do they use mostly for bait any idea 741: They use minnows and uh worms. And and of course then they've got all kinds of fly tackle and interviewer: yeah 741: that kind of stuff. interviewer: have you ever heard different uh different names for those worms uh fishermen use different 741: #1 Earthworms. # interviewer: #2 names for 'em # 741: um That's all I can think of right now. interviewer: call 'em wigglers or red worms or something like that 741: I've heard 'em talking about that but I thought they were talking about an artificial bait. interviewer: what about this animal that uh you find it around the water too it has this shell you know 741: Turtle. interviewer: Turtle. what about uh the variety that's that stays on land most of the time dry land turtle 741: {X} Snapping turtles? I don't know. interviewer: Just not sure. you you ever heard people around here uh talk about terrapins? 741: Terrapin yeah. interviewer: you know what uh people in my kind part of the country call a terrapin a land turtle call it a gopher 741: A gopher? interviewer: uh-huh 741: huh interviewer: still uh you know I guess you would associate with the little rodent 741: #1 Right right I would. # interviewer: #2 furry little yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # they don't have gophers in Alabama but some especially the 741: #1 I'd call 'em a a terrapin. # interviewer: #2 older people call a # terrapin a gopher. well what about this thing uh some people use these for bait they uh they're in streams got little claws on 'em 741: #1 Crawfish. # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you ever heard that called anything besides crawfish 741: Crayfish. But around here we call 'em crawfish. interviewer: ask you about some different insects you know in at night sometimes you'll see these insects flying around uh a light 741: #1 Moths. # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} is that uh I guess that's the same thing that will uh eat holes in your #1 clothes? # 741: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: {X} well what about this insect that uh you might see flying around at night you know blinking on and off 741: Oh uh fireflies but that's not what we call 'em. lightning bugs. interviewer: or what about this insect that uh you find around water but deep the air and they also have a long slender body and couple of pairs of transparent wings and uh you know sometimes it'll light on your pole and lantern 741: Right. interviewer: {X} 741: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: Dragonfly. interviewer: dragonfly ever 741: #1 Witch doctor. # interviewer: #2 heard that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # is that what it is 741: mm-hmm Snake doctor. #1 Snake doctor. # interviewer: #2 snake doctor # 741: That's what it is. interviewer: ever heard people uh you you have any idea why they called it snake doctor 741: Have no idea. interviewer: somebody somebody gave me an explanation for that just a few days ago he said uh it's uh you're supposed to kill all the snake doctors you see because because that's what they do they'll take they'll make a sick snake well 741: #1 Oh you're kidding # interviewer: #2 {NW} # that's what he told me said they'll they'll make an injured snake well so you oughta kill all the snake doctors that you see that's the first expla- 741: #1 That's marvelous I have # interviewer: #2 nation I heard for that # 741: never heard that. in fact I've I haven't really heard 'em called uh snake doctors in years. And it just came to me interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 741: #2 you know just # and I said witch doc- then snake doctor. interviewer: ever heard those things called mosquito hawks around here 741: mm-mm interviewer: what about some insects around here that um sting 741: Bees wasps mosquitoes I say but they don't really sting. interviewer: yeah and what about these uh things that make this great big paper nest up in a tree 741: Uh th- dirt daubers. Oh wasps. interviewer: most most 741: Dirt daubers {D: they use} #1 they have # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: the little mud things. interviewer: yeah #1 I # 741: #2 um # interviewer: usually think of uh the wasps as 741: #1 Yellow jackets. # interviewer: #2 having uh # yeah the yellow jackets some of these are kinda they they really give a bad sting if uh uh if they get after you hornets got those around here? just not sure 741: If there's any difference between a hornet and a yellow jacket and a wasp I don't know what it is. interviewer: well what about uh have you ever heard of any type of uh little insect that might burrow up under your skin make it itch 741: Chiggers. interviewer: yeah uh is that the same thing as what some people call red 741: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 bugs # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what about uh some different types of snakes you know uh 741: Water moccasins and and uh copperheads every kind of {D: baddie} you can think of we've got it. {D: Just uh} yeah. Course we've got green snakes and and uh cotton did I say cottonmouths interviewer: {X} 741: rattlesnakes. {NW} interviewer: do you have the little coral snake around here 741: I think so I've never seen one myself. interviewer: ever heard people mention uh king snakes 741: mm-hmm interviewer: what about these uh insects that you see hopping around your yard some of 'em green some of 'em black uh 741: Grasshoppers? interviewer: you ever heard those called anything else? 741: Uh yeah I have let's see what. Mostly grasshoppers uh. interviewer: you know when we were talking about woodpeckers you said you heard uh you could call 'em peckerwoods you ever heard hoppergrass? 741: hmm-mm interviewer: never heard that these things uh that will sometimes collect in the corners of your ceiling you know that 741: #1 Spiders. # interviewer: #2 {D: have} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # is that you know that you just have to brush it out with a something or another is that what you call it just you know it's this filmy stuff 741: #1 The spiderwebs. # interviewer: #2 uh # yeah ever heard that called anything 741: #1 Cobwebs. # interviewer: #2 besides that cobweb # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now is that the same thing as uh what you might see outside say strung between bushes or something like that same thing 741: It's what I'd call it. It's the same thing. interviewer: what about the uh part of the tree that grows under ground you'd call that a 741: Roots. interviewer: is there a tree around here that you can uh tap for syrup? 741: Around here? Oh heavens I don't know unless it would be the sweetgum tree I have no idea. And I'm not I don't think y- I don't think that you can for that. interviewer: you don't have maples 741: #1 No. # interviewer: #2 around here # 741: Well uh we do but I don't I've never known anybody to tap it for uh for syrup. interviewer: well if you had a lot of those maples growing together you'd say you had a 741: uh interviewer: of maple 741: I wanna say an orchard but that's not what I'd say and I wouldn't say an arbor either. uh A stand of 'em. interviewer: {X} what about grove? 741: #1 Grove yeah. # interviewer: #2 {X} # here say that 741: Grove yes. interviewer: well what are some of those different types of trees that are common to 741: Well pine trees is the most common by far. Pine trees and oak trees course magnolia trees pecan trees uh dogwood very common. uh Gum trees sweetgum trees is what they call 'em. They're very pretty too they turn uh yellow and all kinds of pretty colors in the fall. uh That's the most common {D: of 'em any}. interviewer: any sycamores 741: Not too many of 'em I think not that I know of. interviewer: is there any kind of bush that it grows around here with uh these bright red berries uh you used to hear um old people using 'em in tanning leather {NW} 741: I don't know there are a lot of bushes with bright red berries there of course there are hollies and there uh oh what I call nandinas and some people call 'em nandinas {C: pronunciation} and they're uh uh there's uh oh what's that really pretty one that blooms in the fall. Pyracantha interviewer: {NW} 741: has beautiful red berries. interviewer: anything around here called a {D: shoemake}? 741: uh I I think that's I think that's what we call poison ivy that or #1 poison oak. # interviewer: #2 really? # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: I'm not sure. interviewer: well I'm so ignorant of plants it might very well be well what about different types of berries Auxiliary 1: mother I'm going to clean up the safe 741: Oh okay I'll be right there Mike. About five minutes. Auxiliary 1: okay I'll see you over there 741: #1 Okay. # Auxiliary 1: #2 then # 741: {NW} uh Different kind of berries strawberries blueberries blackberries raspberries um {NS} That's all I can think of right now. interviewer: Gotcha. 741: Holly berries uh. interviewer: any type of laurel growing around here? 741: Not that I know. {NS} interviewer: {D: plays half over my tape} what about rhododendron? 741: Yes there are there is some mm-hmm. Although if you asked me to find you some I probably couldn't do it but I there are people #1 who are # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: into plants talking #1 about it. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what would you call a woman whose husband has died she would be a 741: Widow. interviewer: have you ever heard any term used to describe uh a woman whose husband hasn't died but he's just left any particular type of 741: Abandoned. I don't know. {C: laughing} interviewer: {NW} you ever heard people talk about a grass widow? 741: A grass yes I've heard that. #1 I've heard # interviewer: #2 heard that # 741: that term. interviewer: {X} what about uh when you were young what did you call your your mother 741: Mama. interviewer: what about your father 741: Daddy. interviewer: and your grandparents 741: {NW} Well I had very strange names for them. interviewer: {X} 741: I called my uh paternal grandparents Mimi and Bob. Mimi came from {D: Minnibelle} interviewer: uh-huh 741: and Bob came from that was his name. interviewer: mm-hmm 741: Robert. {B} And then my maternal grandparents I called {D: Didi} and Bonnie. And I don't know Bonnie m- my grandmother Bonnie liked she wanted that name because it meant pretty. uh But um {D: Didi} they don't have any idea why I started calling him {D: Didi} But that's what I called him and then all the rest you know I was the oldest grandchild everyone else called him {D: Didi} too. interviewer: {X} well say if uh a child has a 741: Oh that's the this might I don't know if it'd be interesting or #1 not but my father # interviewer: #2 {D: sure go head} # 741: called his mother {D: Mamia}. The same one I called uh Mimi. interviewer: sounds a little Italian what about uh a name that a child is known by oh say just by members of his own family they've given him a name and 741: Pet name. interviewer: pet name or what about this thing that uh is that your phone? 741: That's my daughter's phone. interviewer: {X} uh this thing with wheels that you can put a baby in it and you know it'll lie down and 741: Baby buggy. interviewer: baby buggy what would you say you were doing uh uh if you put the baby in you might say well I think I'll take the baby buggy and go out 741: For a walk. interviewer: For a walk. 741: I wouldn't say perambulate #1 or anything like that. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # roll the baby or something have you ever heard that roll it around or 741: Uh well I'm sure I have uh we just just say go for a walk. interviewer: go for a 741: Or we'll go for a ride one or the other. Although we usually use strollers and not baby buggies. Baby buggies have really gone out. interviewer: what is that is that uh you mentioned perambulator is that contracted to pram seems like 741: I think it probably it is it's not a term that's used #1 in this part # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: of the country. interviewer: well what about a woman who's uh about to have a baby you'd say she's 741: Pregnant. interviewer: anything else you've heard 741: #1 Full term. # interviewer: #2 that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what 741: Full term. interviewer: {X} 741: if she's just about to well you're getting into medicine now interviewer: #1 Oh. # 741: #2 you're gonna you're gonna. # interviewer: now but that that's technical 741: #1 That's a technical term. # interviewer: #2 term this I # see 741: Oh I maybe but it's one used by medical people. interviewer: yeah I never heard that before 741: She's full term that means she's gonna have it the baby's ready. interviewer: well it are there any other expressions besides uh pregnant that you've uh heard people use around here 741: P-G uh expecting. uh interviewer: you ever heard uh people say well so and so's in the family way 741: yes but that's interviewer: {NW} 741: that just the older #1 people really antiquated right. # interviewer: #2 kinda antiquated uh-huh # 741: mm-hmm interviewer: well have you ever heard anybody say well so and so swallowed a pumpkin seed or something 741: #1 Yes I've heard that that's also antiquated. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what would you call a if a doctor's not available to deliver uh sometimes a woman might be 741: #1 Midwife. # interviewer: #2 called in # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # ever heard her called anything else? 741: I think so but I'm not sure. interviewer: {D: granny woman} 741: #1 No not. # interviewer: #2 never heard never # 741: mm-mm interviewer: this expression uh say if a boy has a same color hair and eyes as his father maybe his nose is shaped the 741: #1 The spitting # interviewer: #2 same # 741: image. interviewer: yeah or you might say well the boy his father. 741: Takes after his father. interviewer: or say if uh a woman has taken care of three children until after they're fully grown you'd say that she's 741: Raised 'em. interviewer: if uh the child has been misbehaving you might tell him now well if you do that again I'm gonna give you a good 741: Whipping. #1 I'm gonna say I'll # interviewer: #2 anything # 741: wear you out. interviewer: {NW} 741: or turn you over to my checkered apron. interviewer: {NW} 741: not that I've ever had a checkered apron but that's an old {C: laughing} expression. interviewer: checkered apron yeah well what about say if uh a boy has uh oh two inches taller this year than he was last year you might say well my goodness you sure have 741: Grown. interviewer: what would you call a child that's born to an unmarried woman it'd be a what 741: I'd call it an it- illegitimate child I don't interviewer: ever heard any other 741: oh bastard or uh I'm s- I think they've got other terms than too. interviewer: ever heard one called a woods colt? 741: No. interviewer: Never heard that? 741: No. interviewer: what about a volunteer? 741: No. {C: laughing} #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: A volunteer. {C: laughing} #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 that's pretty good. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: {NW} interviewer: makes sense 741: Yes it's true just little surprise. interviewer: what about uh uh if you're you had a brother and he had a son that son would be your 741: Nephew. interviewer: and if your mother had a sister she would be your 741: Aunt. interviewer: what do you call a child that's lost its parents it's a 741: Uh it's an orphan. interviewer: and the adult that's appointed to look af- 741: #1 The guardian. # interviewer: #2 -ter # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # say if your house were uh full of people like your uncles and aunts and cousins and nieces people like that you'd say the house is full of your 741: Relatives. interviewer: you {D: need} a anything else? 741: Kin but I'd I wouldn't really use it. I mean I've I hear it but it's it's full of relatives. I I would say relatives. #1 Or kinfolks. # interviewer: #2 well what about yeah # 741: Now my now my grandfather would have said kinfolks. interviewer: mm-hmm 741: That he always talked about kinfolks. Which is another term that uh that I thought of after you left that is uh which I'm sure is all over the South uh and it's the meaning of it's being lost now that's the wor- the our meaning for folks what folks interviewer: yeah 741: #1 are # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # person's folks meaning his relatives. 741: His relatives and also someone who is folks as opposed to someone who is not #1 folks. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 You know and uh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: even my generation a lot of people have no idea what that term means. interviewer: well do you use people in the same way so and so's people 741: Yeah people for relatives. interviewer: #1 {X} # 741: #2 uh-huh # Their folks. Uh fact I still use folks interchangeable with relatives even more than I do kin. interviewer: Hmm right. well what about uh this expression say if somebody's telling you about somebody who who looks a good deal like you you might say well that might be so but actually I'm no to her 741: Uh I might I would say kin to her. I would say kin to her. I'm no or I'm not related but I'd u- I would probably say I'm no kin to her. interviewer: well say if someone who comes into town uh that nobody's ever seen before you'd call him a 741: Newcomer. Stranger. interviewer: or say somebody who comes in from another country he would be a 741: Foreigner. interviewer: and would you necess- would you ever use the word foreigner uh to describe somebody who's not necessarily from another country have you ever heard people do that? 741: No I I don't think so I may have but I don't. interviewer: have you ever heard some old timer say well he's just a ol' foreigner 741: Foreigner {C: pronunciation} yeah. interviewer: {NW} 741: Uh-huh uh yeah I have heard that #1 too right. # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about uh do you need to go somewhere? 741: I'm going {X} {D: just we talk} I've I alwa- I enjoy this {D: so yes} I do need to go over to {D: clean}. We we've everyone in the cast is taking turns cleaning up the #1 stage and it's our turn so I # interviewer: #2 I see I see # 741: I'm gonna have to. interviewer: well you just say when 741: Okay. Well maybe five more minutes. interviewer: okay 741: Poor Mike he's probably over there by himself. {X} interviewer: ask you some proper names uh say uh if you could give me a few names for women beginning with the letter M first names 741: Okay Mary Marianne Martha. uh interviewer: okay that's good what about N 741: Nancy. uh {NW} Can't think of anything with an N. #1 uh # interviewer: #2 this is a # good old standard name for a cow that a lot of farmers use with an N I guess well I suppose it would be short for Helen uh 741: Nelly? interviewer: or what about uh a boy's name beginning with a B some people 741: Bobby. interviewer: or uh short for William would be 741: Bo- uh no Bill. interviewer: and the diminutive would be 741: Billy. interviewer: what about uh a man's name with an M 741: #1 With an # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: M? interviewer: uh-huh Matt would be short for 741: Matt? interviewer: would be short for 741: Matthew. interviewer: you ever heard any old-fashioned terms for a woman who teaches school? 741: Schoolmarm. interviewer: is that ever used have you ever heard 741: #1 I have never heard that used. # interviewer: #2 that used never # 741: Or well {C: laughing} now now I won't say that now but it's a very possibly I probably have heard my grandfather or somebody like that use it. I've never heard my father or any of his generation use it. interviewer: do you remember the the American author who wrote uh The Leatherstocking Tales uh James Fenimore 741: Cooper. interviewer: how would you address a married woman by who had that last name 741: {D: miss Cooper.} I know some people say Cooper {C: pronunciation} but it's Cooper as far as I know around here. We also have another unusual uh I think it's unusual the word G-R-O-S-S as a proper name. interviewer: how do you say that? 741: Around here it's gross. interviewer: really? 741: uh-huh interviewer: {X} 741: That's Gross feed mill down there. They're also a old Arkadelphia family. interviewer: huh well what have you ever heard of uh oh say a a preacher who wasn't really trained to be a preacher really wasn't very good at it uh kinda did it on the side uh ever heard that 741: #1 An itinerant. # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: Itinerant preacher or something like that. interviewer: any other expression maybe not s- not very flattering for a preacher like that uh 741: I can't think of it now. interviewer: ever heard people talk about a jackleg preacher? 741: I've heard 'em talk about jackleg lots of things #1 or even Jake leg. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Jake leg. 741: which means that they're kind of amateurs. interviewer: you ever heard a mechanic uh described in some similar way 741: mm-hmm Mechanic the same just the same way Jake leg mechanic or Jake leg. Or jackleg well mostly jackleg. interviewer: {X} 741: uh Anything carpenter whatever someone that's an amateur. #1 or # interviewer: #2 you ever # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # ever heard people talk about a shadetree mechanic 741: mm-mm interviewer: Never heard that? what about uh getting back to names for a minute uh 741: But I heard that mostly from my husband he's from Missouri. interviewer: is that right 741: mm-hmm interviewer: wait was that Jake leg? 741: Jake leg. interviewer: what about uh the name for a {NS} beginning with an S {NS} could you say that again I think 741: Sally. Sarah. interviewer: uh what what do people around here call the war between the north and the south 741: Civil War. interviewer: Civil War you ever heard it called anything else? 741: The war between the states. But Civil War's what it most people call it. interviewer: have you ever heard anybody around here call it the war of northern aggression {NW} 741: Only in American history #1 courses. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} yeah from a southern 741: #1 Right. # interviewer: #2 bias # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about the the commander of the southern army that was 741: Oh you mean Robert E. Lee? interviewer: what was his range? 741: {X} Hello? Okay I'm not sure when we can come get it but we will. Okay thank you. {NS} interviewer: or you know this advertisement the commercial on the T-V for Kentucky fried chicken 741: mm-hmm interviewer: the old gentleman 741: #1 The colonel. # interviewer: #2 who # colonel well what about uh a man who uh uh is in charge of a ship you would call him the 741: Captain. interviewer: and the man who's in uh presides over the county court would be the 741: The county courts the county judge. interviewer: and a person who goes to college to study you'd say he's a 741: College student. {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: or what about a woman who takes care of the boss's mail and typing and all that 741: #1 Secretary. # interviewer: #2 is # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or say uh a woman who oh appears on stage she would be an 741: Actress. interviewer: and our nationality we're both 741: American. interviewer: and what about uh what would you call uh say the members of uh the other prevalent race in the South 741: #1 The black race or # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: negro race. Now I would have said negro. I mean negro is my original pronunciation. interviewer: have any idea what they would prefer to be referred to as 741: Oh right now it appears to be black. interviewer: black and they would definitely not like to be called 741: Negro I don't b- imagine. interviewer: #1 is there anything besides negro # 741: #2 And then # nigger. I that's not a word that we use. Well I use but it's certainly used #1 quite often in this part of the country # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} do you have any idea what you would call uh a child who was born to racially mixed parents or have you ever heard them called 741: Uh oh mulattoes and interviewer: uh-huh have you ever heard of uh old white people say who were just lazy don't like to work might 741: #1 White trash. # interviewer: #2 be on wel- # white trash would a would a white man use that term uh or a black man or would they both be likely to use it or 741: I think they'd both use it. interviewer: is there any one term that one might use that the other wouldn't? say something a black man might use to refer to white people like that that a white man wouldn't that you know of 741: There might be I don't I can't think of anything. I think white tr- I know they use white trash a lot. interviewer: have you ever heard uh white people around here referred to as crackers 741: No. Never. interviewer: well what about uh say sometimes when people from the country come into town on the weekends {NW} people in town will kinda make fun of 'em might call 'em various names have you ever heard any of 741: #1 Rednecks. # interviewer: #2 those # rednecks 741: That's the number one term interviewer: {NW} 741: Greasers. interviewer: greasers 741: Right. That's from the greasy hair you know it's been #1 um # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 741: {NW} stylish for a long time now not to have greasy and when the country people come in they still grease their hair you know and interviewer: and don't have 741: #1 and uh the young people all call 'em # interviewer: #2 they have the wet the wet look # 741: #1 yeah the wet look # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: now call 'em greasers. #1 Greasers # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: and rednecks. interviewer: have you ever heard people around here that say well so and so look at that old country hoosier 741: No. interviewer: haven't heard that 741: Country hick. interviewer: country hick 741: But not a country hoosier. interviewer: have you ever heard 'em called podunks 741: Podunks? No we talk we talk about uh an area they're from podunk or they're podunk junction is #1 our favorite # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: expression but uh interviewer: Yeah. 741: but no I haven't called 'em podunks. interviewer: yeah we can knock off right there that's a good place to stop if you got to go 741: I do ne- interviewer: you have another uh show last night? 741: Oh yes. interviewer: how'd it go? 741: It went real well. Real well. interviewer: what did you say you were putting on 741: It's called the boyfriend. interviewer: the boyfriend. I think I saw a 741: Poster #1 about it? # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # {X} 741: #1 Yeah it's a real # interviewer: #2 {D: college student} # 741: cute show. Just a real a spoof on the musicals of the twenties. interviewer: mm 741: If you wanna go ahead and ask me things it'd be fine while I'm #1 I see if I can find it. # interviewer: #2 oh okay # uh I wanna ask you some more uh expressions 741: mm-kay interviewer: say if you were at a party at night you looked at your watch and it was about eleven thirty 741: mm-hmm interviewer: you might say well my goodness we'd better be getting home it's midnight 741: Almost midnight. interviewer: or if uh say you were trying to walk on an icy sidewalk you might say well somehow I managed to keep my balance but I fell down a few times 741: Almost. interviewer: or if you and somebody else are getting ready to go downtown and uh the person might call out to you well aren't you ready yet? you might say well 741: #1 I'm almost # interviewer: #2 just # 741: I'm almost ready. interviewer: uh-huh 741: Is that what you're? interviewer: or you could say well I'll be with you in 741: Just a minute. interviewer: say if you were going somewhere and you weren't sure about the distance you might stop and ask somebody well how 741: How far is it? interviewer: or if you wanna know how many times about something you'd ask how do you do this 741: What now? interviewer: if you wanna know how many times about something like how many times this person uh uh mows his yard every week you might say 741: #1 About how often # interviewer: #2 well how # 741: do you m- mow your yard. interviewer: or say if you uh if I said well I don't think I'm gonna vote for Gerald Ford for president if you agreed with me you might say well am I 741: You said you're not gonna vote for him? I'd say neither am I. interviewer: I'll ask you about the names for a few parts of the body 741: #1 mm-kay # interviewer: #2 this # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # part right up here 741: {D: Forehead.} interviewer: mm-hmm and this is all my 741: Hair. {C: laughing} interviewer: uh-huh if I let it grow out I'm growing a 741: A beard. interviewer: and this is my 741: Ear earlobe. interviewer: uh-huh which which ear is this 741: That's just the ear and then the bottom is I'd say the earlobe and just ear. interviewer: uh-huh I've got two one of one on this side is my 741: Oh your left ear #1 and your right ear. # interviewer: #2 {D: this side} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and this is my 741: Lips. #1 Mouth. # interviewer: #2 talk # yeah uh-huh and talking about the back of your 741: Skull or back of your head. interviewer: or some people break their 741: Neck. interviewer: and this is my 741: Throat. interviewer: and this thing that 741: #1 Adam's apple # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # have you ever heard of that called anything else? 741: uh Besides a larynx? {NW} uh Uh probably but I not anything that comes to mind. interviewer: ever heard it called the goozle? 741: Goozle? yeah I have heard it called a goozle. interviewer: who would be likely to say that uh someone more likely some type of person more likely to say that 741: #1 I can remember # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: uh when I was a little bitty kid that my mother or father or I think it was mostly my mother would say I'm gonna get you in the goozle. interviewer: {NW} I heard one fellow tell me he called it his go fetch it 741: Go fetch it. interviewer: uh-huh well what a all of these are my 741: Teeth. interviewer: the singular is 741: Tooth. interviewer: and this fleshy part 741: Oh the gums? interviewer: and this is my 741: Hand. interviewer: and I have two 741: Hands. interviewer: this part right here 741: The palm. interviewer: and I make a 741: Fist. interviewer: and I have two 741: Fists. interviewer: sometimes when people get old uh they complain they get stiff in their 741: Joints. interviewer: and the upper part of your body is your 741: Chest. interviewer: and these are your 741: Shoulders. interviewer: and this is my left 741: Leg. interviewer: that's my left 741: Foot. interviewer: and I have two 741: Feet. interviewer: what about this part right here what do you call that 741: Shins. interviewer: what about this part oh might as well demonstrate this part right here ever heard people say they squat down on their 741: Haunches. interviewer: haunches uh-huh have you ever heard any other expression than squat down? 741: Are you talking about hunkering? interviewer: yeah 741: Well it the only reason I know anything about hunkering is because there was a big college nationwide college contest in what they call hunkering and I think it was in the sixties I don't remember just when it was but I that's e- that was my fam- how I know about hunkering. interviewer: what kinda what did it involve? 741: Just squatting #1 on your legs. # interviewer: #2 there was a # contest 741: {D: I did you} are you not familiar #1 with that? # interviewer: #2 no # 741: Oh it was nationwide it just uh well I guess it was during the sixties I'm sure because I believe it was right after we moved back from Hawaii. And they had it it was you know Time magazine Newsweek all of 'em carried it and college students and they say originated at the University of Arkansas. but it just spread all over the country and they would get down like this and see how long they could stay that way #1 and they called it hunkering. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} That's something when when was this going on you said in the 741: In the #1 sixties. # interviewer: #2 sixties # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: I think. interviewer: mm-hmm do they didn't you know duck walk or anything they just squatted there 741: I di- I think that's what they did I never saw anyone actually do it I just {D: saw pictures of it.} #1 And it was like # interviewer: #2 I wonder # 741: I guess like swallowing goldfish or #1 something it was # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: just a big rage. interviewer: I wonder what the record was for the winner 741: I don't know somebody really hunkered #1 for a long time. # interviewer: #2 yeah {NW} # {NW} 741: But I had never heard that expression until #1 until then. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh uh let's see if uh say if somebody's been sick for a while you might say well so and so's up and around now but he still looks a little 741: Peaked. interviewer: heard anything else for that? 741: Oh pale a little weak you know that {D: st- that} thing. I was just trying to think of an expression I I don't can't think of any other #1 expression. # interviewer: #2 ever # heard puny? 741: Puny right. A little puny. interviewer: or say somebody who uh say a man who's real athletic and muscular and can lift heavy weights you'd say he's very he's real 741: Well-built. #1 um # interviewer: #2 or # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you know just able to lift heavy weights boy you'd say 741: #1 Strong. # interviewer: #2 boy he sure is # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you ever heard people say uh stout to mean the same thing? 741: I think I did years ago. interviewer: hmm 741: I I haven't in years I haven't heard but I believe yeah I believe way back in my youth I did hear people say that someone was stout. interviewer: mm-hmm 741: Could lift a heavy weight. interviewer: well say somebody who always has a smile on his face and never loses his temper you'd say well he's mighty 741: Good-natured. interviewer: or say sometimes when uh a boy reaches a certain age he seems to run into things and knock things over 741: Clumsy. Awkward. interviewer: what would you say about a person who just kept on doing things that didn't make any sense you'd say he's just a 741: Nut. I guess. {C: laughing} interviewer: could you call somebody like that uh say well he's just playing the fool 741: Not I wouldn't. interviewer: would would that be uh 741: I've probably heard people say that. interviewer: Right. 741: I think ma- {D: miss Adam} more likely. interviewer: would that be a pretty strong thing to say about a person around here? 741: Just playing fool? No. interviewer: not terribly wouldn't be fighting language 741: #1 No. # interviewer: #2 {D: someone} # 741: {NW} interviewer: well what about somebody who has a lot of money but that likes to hang onto it you'd call him a 741: Miser. Tightwad. interviewer: if you use the word 741: #1 Or scotch. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # scotch 741: mm-hmm interviewer: haven't heard that before 741: We u- we use that quite a bit. He's really scotch. interviewer: around here in the county or is it uh 741: #1 Well it may be # interviewer: #2 pretty well # localized or do you know 741: No I don't know. interviewer: he's scotch 741: mm-hmm interviewer: well what about if use the word common about a person say oh so and so's as common as he can be what would that mean 741: Common? interviewer: {X} 741: If I said somebody was common I would use it to mean uh not well bred. Did not behave well. interviewer: would you ever use it to mean average? 741: Uh prob- uh yes I would. But uh it j- I guess it depends on the tone of voice more than anything else. You think of usually it's a it's a girl that will act common if a girl acts common then that's a that she does not behave with high standards. She does not act like a lady. interviewer: have you ever heard the expression well he's or she's just common as gully dirt 741: No. {C: laughing} {NW} I've heard common as dirt though. interviewer: my grandmother used that a good bit well what about uh say an older person about ninety-five but she's still able to do her own cooking and and take care of the house you might say well so and so's uh pretty old but she's mighty 741: Spry. interviewer: or say if the children are out at night later than usual uh you might say well I don't suppose there's anything wrong but I can't help feeling a little 741: Uneasy. interviewer: or say if a child uh doesn't want to go upstairs in the dark you say he's of the 741: #1 scared # interviewer: #2 dark # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # any way any other way of saying that 741: I would usually say scared. interviewer: is there anything uh you know anyway uh another child might refer to a child who scares easily say so and so's an old 741: Fraidy cat. interviewer: what about somebody who left uh a good deal of money out in open view and say left the door unlocked you'd say he's might 741: Stupid. {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: or he's with his money he's mighty 741: Loose with his money. But I th- I think of loose with his money as being someone who spends it interviewer: I see. 741: easily. interviewer: could you just as well uh say careless in that situation 741: Careless. I would say careless or dumb rather than loose with his money to me means spending. Spending it very freely without {NW} I am loose with my money without keeping up with it you don't know where it goes it just #1 flies around. # interviewer: #2 right right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well what if you had an aunt named Lizzie say there really wasn't anything wrong with aunt Lizzie but now and then she just acted kind of 741: Strange. interviewer: would you ever use the word queer? in that 741: uh #1 Queer has # interviewer: #2 situation # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: the homosexual connotation to me. interviewer: I see. 741: Well uh they used to use queer in the head. interviewer: mm-hmm 741: I've uh I've heard people say she's queer he or she's queer in the head. interviewer: so maybe an older person would be more likely to say that to mean it that way 741: Oh we I think that my generation would be more likely to say well they're a little peculiar they're a little strange or. Got a lot of relatives like that a little a little off. {C: laughing} {D: A little off is really} #1 {D: the more the winner.} # interviewer: #2 little # left of center 741: #1 Yeah right you just # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: kind of you know not all together there. interviewer: like I said the other day not wrapped too tightly 741: mm-hmm interviewer: well what about somebody who makes up his mind about something whether he's right or wrong and refuses to change his mind you'd say he's 741: #1 Bull-headed. # interviewer: #2 mighty # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # anything else you could say? 741: Stubborn as a mule. uh Just bull-headed or stubborn that's most that's the most common thing. Pin- opinionated boor. interviewer: {NW} well what about somebody who uh well you just can't joke with without him losing his temper you'd say he's mighty 741: Oh can't joke without losing his temper uh {NW} that has no sense of humor. interviewer: mm 741: um interviewer: do you ever hear people say well so and so sure is mighty touchy today 741: Oh touchy right yeah uh yeah we use touchy a lot. #1 Has a # interviewer: #2 what yeah # 741: chip on his shoulder that #1 sort of thing. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about somebody like that you might say well I was just kidding and I didn't know he'd get 741: Mad. interviewer: anything else? 741: I don't guess. interviewer: or say if a person like that is about to lose his temper and you don't want him to you might say well now just 741: Calm down. interviewer: or say if you had been 741: #1 Or take # interviewer: #2 work # 741: it easy. interviewer: if you had been working all day at the end of the day you say you're very 741: Very tired. interviewer: and if you're very very tired you're 741: #1 I'm # interviewer: #2 all # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: all pooped out. {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: I run into some some great expressions for that perished 741: #1 perished uh-uh # interviewer: #2 you ever heard somebody say that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Kilt. whipped 741: Whipped I've said whipped. I'm beat to a pulp uh interviewer: uh-huh 741: whipped uh. Usually usually I'll say pooped out. interviewer: mm-hmm Or pooped to pop and I don't know where that 741: #1 came from. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 I have no idea. # interviewer: #2 pooped to pop # 741: Pooped to pop. interviewer: Right. 741: I'm pooped to pop that's think I got that from my mother cause d- #1 it's she would. # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {NW} that's a goody 741: #1 Have you ever heard # interviewer: #2 well what # 741: pooped to pop? interviewer: mm-hmm that would be an interesting one to investigate 741: Yeah I bet I can't even it makes no sense whatsoever but. interviewer: what about somebody uh say you hear that somebody's in the hospital you might say well uh so and so was looking fine the other day when was it he 741: Got sick. interviewer: or uh say if you were going somewhere and you weren't in any any particular hurry to get there you might say oh we'll get there 741: Sometime. Sooner or later. interviewer: you ever heard people say something like well we'll get there by and by 741: I've heard it but it's not uh it's not co- not I don't hear it commonly. interviewer: would you say it was kind of an antiquated way of putting that 741: I would probably. I just don't hear it much and it doesn't really ring any bells like some of these expressions from interviewer: uh-huh 741: way back when you remind me of 'em I can remember having heard 'em. interviewer: well what about somebody who got overheated and then chilled and his eyes started watering and his nose started running you'd say he caught a 741: Cold. interviewer: or if it affected his voice you'd say he's just a little bit 741: Hoarse. interviewer: and if {NS} he does that he's 741: #1 Cough. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh say at the end of the day you might say well think I'm gonna go to bed I'm getting a little 741: Sleepy. interviewer: but in the morning say about seven oh clock you'll 741: Wake up. interviewer: or talking about somebody else you might say well so and so's still sleeping better go 741: Wake him up. interviewer: what about uh say if uh your son has some medicine that he's supposed to use you come back in the room and it's still there you might ask well why didn't you 741: Take it. interviewer: the past form of that would be yesterday I 741: Took it. interviewer: and I have 741: Taken it. interviewer: uh somebody who doesn't hear very well at all you'd say they're just about stone 741: Deaf. interviewer: and if you get out in this kind of weather and begin to do yardwork it's not long before you begin 741: #1 To # interviewer: #2 to # 741: sweat. interviewer: some of the these places that 741: #1 Now my # interviewer: #2 you uh # 741: grandmother wouldn't say sweat. interviewer: perspire 741: #1 Perspire. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: And see what was it horses sweat and uh men perspire and women glisten. interviewer: {NW} that's a new one glisten I'll have to remember that 741: However I sweat. {NW} interviewer: well glisten that's the first time I've come across that what about uh you know these places sometimes where you get on your skin uh have a little white spot right in the middle and a red reddish 741: #1 Little # interviewer: #2 around it # 741: pimple. interviewer: ever heard that called anything besides a pimple 741: Oh if they're big they're called boils. interviewer: and that that white stuff in the middle 741: #1 Pus. # interviewer: #2 that's called # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # {D: if you say get stuck in the hand by a bubble your hand will begin to} 741: Swell. interviewer: the past part of that is 741: Swell I guess. {C: laughing} I don't know what it is. {C: laughing} interviewer: {NW} 741: It swelled I guess. interviewer: and say if I tried to do some work uh that I wasn't used to like 741: #1 You get # interviewer: #2 uh # 741: callouses on your hands is that what you mean? interviewer: those or 741: Blisters. interviewer: what about that liquid inside a blister what do you call that? 741: I just call it fluid. interviewer: ever heard people just call it water? 741: Yeah? I heard people call it water. interviewer: say if somebody accidentally got uh shot or stabbed in the leg you might have to take him to the doctor so the doctor could treat the 741: Wound. interviewer: what have you ever heard uh say if a wound doesn't heal cleanly the uh uh it might the flesh around it might become kind of white and flaky or something like that have you ever heard that referred to as any type of flesh in particular? have you ever heard people talk about proud flesh 741: hmm-mm interviewer: or say if uh I got a little cut on my finger uh something that would most people would have in the medicine cabinet to put on it to prevent infection 741: Merthiolate. Mercurochrome. Mercurochrome not so much anymore merthiolate or I think there's you use lots of other things nowadays but back {C: background noise} {NS} when I was growing up it was merthiolate and mercurochrome. interviewer: do people still use uh kind of a brown liquid uh 741: Iodine? I h- I have not seen any iodine in so many years now my grandparents used to have it but my daddy always treated everything with hydrogen peroxide. That just everything that happened to anybody #1 poured hydrogen peroxide on it. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: What good that #1 did I have no idea. # interviewer: #2 that take care of it? # {NW} well what about this uh bitter tasting white powder used to be taken for malaria 741: Well heavens that must have been s- uh some sort of quinine. Now when when I was real little they gave me quinine but it was in some kind of chocolate syrup. It was like just you know in a medicine bottle with some kind of chocolate horrible oo yuck. interviewer: {NW} well what about uh this expression say if uh if somebody has been critically ill you might say well the doctor did everything he could but the patient still 741: Died. interviewer: any other uh terms for died that uh uh serious or otherwise that you've heard? 741: Oh passed on. Kicked the bucket. uh Went to his reward. interviewer: {NW} 741: uh Met his maker. Pushing up daisies. Oh {X} lots of those. interviewer: ever heard anybody say so and so's finally croaked 741: Croaked yeah. That was when I was a little kid that was my favorite interviewer: {NW} 741: expression. interviewer: heard anybody tell you that he cashed in his chips? 741: Ca- oh yeah heard that too. interviewer: let's say uh this expression well so and so's been dead a week but nobody's yet figured out what he 741: Died of. interviewer: and the place that people are buried you call that the 741: Cemetery. interviewer: does it make any difference if it's uh smaller maybe on a private property? 741: uh I there are just not any of those around here that I know of. So I'm not familiar with terms unless it'd be graveyard or something like that. We used to call a cemetery a graveyard when I was a kid. interviewer: well what about the box that people are buried in that's the 741: Casket. Or coffin. But casket's what we call it mostly. interviewer: and funeral uh {NW} 741: Is funeral what you wanted me to #1 say? # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {X} # that's what you call it 741: #1 I call it a funeral right. # interviewer: #2 I guess a ceremony # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: Right. interviewer: or say if uh the people who were at the funeral dressed in black you'd say they're in 741: Mourning. interviewer: if somebody uh asked you just on an average day you know inquiring about your health uh well how're you doing what would you probably say? 741: Fine. Fact I would probably say fine regardless of interviewer: yeah {NW} 741: of what. {C: laughing} {NW} Oh or just grea- quite often I'll say I well I am just great I'm just fine. interviewer: and most people when they ask you that really don't care about your 741: #1 Right they really # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: don't wanna hear a list of all your illnesses. interviewer: or say uh if your children are out late and you're getting a little bit excited uh your husband might say well they'll be home alright just don't 741: Get in a snit. {NW} interviewer: get in a snit or anything else possibly 741: He would not say that I would probably say get in a snit I can't imagine he'd really say that. interviewer: uh-huh 741: Don't get excited uh. interviewer: or he'd just tell you not to 741: Well now he wouldn't say this but another term that we would use see cause you remember he comes from Missouri is uh don't get your dander up. interviewer: uh-huh 741: uh interviewer: I'd usually associate with that that somebody's getting mad 741: Yeah that yeah but usually if you start getting real upset you it's kind of the #1 same thing. # interviewer: #2 that's true # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: But he gets more upset than I do so he wouldn't be interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 741: #2 likely # to say that. interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 741: #2 I would # be telling him to calm down you know don't get upset. interviewer: or possibly just don't worry 741: Don't worry. interviewer: what about uh say if somebody's getting old and uh their joints are stiff and aching you'd say they might have a touch of 741: Rheumatism. interviewer: or 741: Although I would actually say arthritis but you hear rheumatism uh around here all the time. interviewer: or this is a a disease that you don't hear about too much anymore but but um children used to die from it because their throat would have these sores you know and um they'd swell up so they couldn't breathe 741: Was that cholera or uh or typhoid? #1 Typhoid or something else? # interviewer: #2 uh # I was had something else in mind 741: Gosh all these ancient diseases. interviewer: {X} 741: Oh. {X} interviewer: D-I-P 741: Oh diphtheria. interviewer: well what about a disease that causes your skin to turn yellow 741: Oh uh any time you're jaundiced. interviewer: or say if somebody's getting a severe pain around here and they might be having an attack of 741: Appendicitis. interviewer: or if somebody ate something that disagreed with 'em and it came back up you'd say they had to 741: Vomit or throw up. interviewer: any other terms uh serious or otherwise? 741: Spit up uh flash. interviewer: flash? 741: Yeah. {NS} uh-huh interviewer: huh 741: That's from the old college days. interviewer: flash that's a new one 741: A little too much beer and they'd go #1 flash. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: uh Retch uh. Well I'm sure there jillion others I just don't. interviewer: puke? 741: Puke yeah. Puke is not it's it's used but I think it's used quite often on football fields according to my son. interviewer: oh really {NW} 741: Oh what is it what is it what is it they call it? When they do that on the football field. Losing their biscuits or interviewer: {X} 741: #1 let let me # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: go ask him. You need this is #1 they've # interviewer: #2 okay # 741: gotta {D: refreshen it} {NS} {D: earl.} interviewer: What? 741: {D: Earl.} interviewer: that's it? 741: That's it because they go {D: ear-} #1 {D: earl} and then. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 isn't that # interviewer: #2 god # 741: horrible? But upchuck too #1 is another one. # interviewer: #2 upchuck # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: He didn't that uh that was the uh that was the {X} only the other one that or regurgitate. interviewer: you ever heard barf? 741: Oh yeah barf yeah. interviewer: what about somebody who's like that you'd say he's sick where 741: At his stomach. interviewer: say if interviewer: say you ran into somebody an old friend of yours that you hadn't seen for a long time what would you probably say to 'em 741: #1 I'd say I haven't # interviewer: #2 you'd # 741: say I haven't seen you in a thousand years interviewer: or if you were inviting somebody to come over to your house uh what might you say uh you know something to do with regard to how you would feel and having them come over 741: Oh why don't you just come on over to our house I would just love to have you. interviewer: have you ever heard people around here say something like well we should sure would be mighty proud to have you over? 741: Mm-hmm yeah. interviewer: heard that 741: #1 Uh my f- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: grandfather would would've said that. interviewer: {X} be something that an older person would be more likely to #1 {X} # 741: #2 Well there's # still a lot of people around here that probably do still say exactly that. But that that just sounds like my grandfather exactly I mean so- just mighty mighty proud mighty proud for you to come over. interviewer: uh-huh well let's say uh uh if a young boy keeps going over to the same girl's house pretty regularly to see her and people figure he's getting serious about her they'd say that he's doing what 741: Getting serious or going steady. interviewer: uh-huh have you ever heard uh anybody say well so and so's courting this young #1 lady? # 741: #2 Not anymore. # interviewer: don't hear that anymore 741: No that's that is a lot these younger generation doesn't even know what that means. interviewer: Is that right? have you ever heard anything uh like that probably just as antiquated? meaning the same thing as courting 741: Sparking. interviewer: sparking 741: That's really even way before my #1 time but I've heard it. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh-huh well what about uh him you'd say that he is her 741: Her boyfriend. interviewer: and she is his 741: Girlfriend. Or steady. And my grandmother would have said beau. interviewer: Beau. 741: {X} Beau the {D: the} you know #1 that he's her beau and. # interviewer: #2 right right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # say uh if he came home late at night and his younger brother caught him coming in and his he had lipstick all on his collar and all of this he little boy his little brother might say a-ha you've been 741: Making out. interviewer: or say if if he asked the girl to marry him and uh she uh doesn't want to you'd say she did what to him 741: Refused. interviewer: but if she didn't refuse him you'd might you'd say well they went ahead and got 741: Engaged. interviewer: and after that they got 741: Married. interviewer: at a wedding ceremony the man who stands up with the groom that's the 741: Best man. interviewer: and uh woman or girl who stands up with the 741: #1 Maid of # interviewer: #2 bride # 741: honor. interviewer: have you ever heard of any type of uh uh activity taking place after a wedding where uh uh a lot of people uh go over to the couple's uh house and just start making uh just have a ruckus you know a really raucous affair ever heard anything like that are you familiar with the term shivaree? 741: um Oh yeah I am in reading. I've I've never even ever heard of one around here. interviewer: I see. 741: Now there may have been but not anybody I know or have even heard anything about. interviewer: the the only time that I've have had any success with that uh has been in Arkansas with old timers 741: Really? They had shivaree? interviewer: {X} 741: Seems like something like a movie seven brides with seven brothers or something. I don't know some movie there was a shivaree But uh I've never ever heard of it. interviewer: I had I had when I first ran across it I didn't know what it was either so foreign to me 741: Wedding receptions are the only thing I know anything about and in Clark county they're usually dry. interviewer: yeah 741: #1 So there's not much of a ruckus # interviewer: #2 pretty tame # 741: #1 much of a ruckus. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: In the church parlor. interviewer: {X} well say if uh uh party is going on somewhere and it got a little uh rowdy say a neighbor called the police and the police came down and didn't arrest just one person but arrested the 741: The whole crowd. interviewer: and at a party uh some if there's uh a band uh you they'll probably be having a you know getting around when you move to the music 741: Oh a dance. interviewer: what about some of the different dances that you can move with 741: I'm familiar with lots of dances I'm a choreographer. interviewer: ah oh I forgot gold mine {NW} 741: Well {D: show eh fell} the foxtrot and the waltz and any kind of rock dancing you want to think of. Everything from the robot to the to the twist to the oh heavens any just jillions of them even the dog the alligator the. interviewer: I'd be hard pressed to say what's being done 741: #1 Right # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: it doesn't look like anything much. interviewer: Yeah. 741: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 Suppose # it has a name 741: #1 I just # interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 I guess it bump's out isn't it # 741: #2 {X} # Bump is {X} really out #1 right now. # interviewer: #2 The hustle. # that out too? 741: Uh they still do the hustle but they do a di- uh different variety of it they don't call it the hustle anymore they call it something else um there's the tango and the Charleston and the uh just what we call slow dancing. interviewer: mm 741: Which is not really anything at all except just kind of moving around to the slow music. No particular steps to it. Rumbas and sambas and polkas and. interviewer: yeah do you know that dance group called the lockers? 741: Oh aren't they wonderful. interviewer: what is that they do? do they have a 741: They do one of the guys does the robot but um I think the lockers I don't if they may have a name for what they do but uh the kids that do a similar step I think they just say they're doing a lockers. Do you want me to ask Richard? He probably knows. If if course I don't imagine that would be interviewer: {NW} 741: #1 regional. # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} what ab- uh this is really not all that relevant but talking about uh the robot this type of mime thing have you ever seen that couple on TV shield and Darnell 741: #1 No I haven't my kids # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: have watched #1 that. # interviewer: #2 {X} # Pretty good. 741: Yeah. I ha- but uh I had not seen it. I don't watch television. interviewer: what about this expression say if uh the children get out of school at three o'clock you'd say that at three o'clock school does 741: #1 Let out. # interviewer: #2 what # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and school has been out here in summer toward the end of summer you might ask well when does school 741: Start. interviewer: say if uh a boy left home to go to school but he never got there on purpose you'd say he did what 741: Skipped. Played hooky. interviewer: and you'd say uh a person goes to school to get an 741: Education. interviewer: and after high school some people go off to 741: College. interviewer: and after kindergarten a child goes into the 741: Primary. First grade. interviewer: and these things that a child sits behind in the classroom 741: The desk. interviewer: and the plural form is 741: Desks. interviewer: and uh it's a building around town say if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 741: Library. interviewer: and if you wanted to mail a package you'd go to the 741: Post office. interviewer: and if you had to stay overnight in a town you'd stay at the 741: Hotel. interviewer: or a 741: Motel. interviewer: or if you wanted to see a play or go to a movie you'd go to 741: Theater. interviewer: and if you've gotten very sick you might have to go into the 741: Hospital. interviewer: and uh uh woman who would take care of you in the hospital would be 741: Nurse. interviewer: if you had to catch a train where would you go 741: I'd go to the depot. {NW} Or the train station. I'd have to go to Little Rock actually if I wanted to catch a train interviewer: {NW} That's good. 741: But when I was little we called it the depot. interviewer: {X} 741: {X} Most people call it the train station here. interviewer: ever heard it called the rail something with rail 741: Railroad station. I've heard that. interviewer: what about bus 741: Bus station. Bus station's a bus station to me they'd have another burs- bus terminal is the only other #1 thing I can think of # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: it called. interviewer: here in the south a lot of small towns have uh you know uh uh a place in the center of the town around the courthouse with a 741: Square. interviewer: what about these things that were used uh for uh transportation within the city really long time ago uh on rails and kinda 741: #1 Oh the trolley? # interviewer: #2 {D: wide} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or say if you were riding on the bus you might tell the driver well now the next corner's where I 741: Stop. Or get off. interviewer: or here in uh Clark county in Arkadelphia where you have the courthouse this is the of the county 741: Oh county seat. interviewer: and uh a person who has a civil service job doesn't work for the state but he works for the federal 741: Government. interviewer: what what would you say that the police in the a town are supposed to maintain 741: Maintain? I wouldn't say they're supposed to maintain I guess order if they had to maintain anything. {NS} #1 They're to # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: protect us honest citizens. {NW} Supposed to do from all of those wild souls out there. interviewer: {NW} what about uh before the electric chair was in operation murderers were 741: Hung. I guess. interviewer: what about uh say say if you were at an intersection uh downtown where streets went like so if you were at one corner and you wanted to get 741: #1 Across # interviewer: #2 to # 741: the street? interviewer: well really 741: Oh jaywalk? interviewer: yeah uh is that what you call it {NS} would it be would it be possible for somebody to describe that as crossing caddy cornered 741: Caddy cornered yeah. interviewer: Heard that. 741: I've used caddy cornered a lot. I thought I thought maybe you m- didn't mean. interviewer: yeah 741: I see what you m- #1 what you you # interviewer: #2 diagonal # 741: #1 you # interviewer: #2 right # 741: went across on a diagonal. #1 All right # interviewer: #2 right right # 741: caddy cornered right. Now I I've used that word I probably say that's probably what exactly what I'd say interviewer: tell me this have you ever heard of the Denver system? 741: No. interviewer: that was a new one on me I ran into that in in Fayetteville and uh somewhere else and it must might have been burial but they say the guy told me well now you'd be jaywalking unless the city used the Denver system said what Denver system you never heard of that and apparently it's he said that uh at some intersections at certain times you can just go across anywhere you want to it's legal and that's called a Denver system 741: Oh. interviewer: I had never heard of that I'm gonna ask you about a few uh cities and states uh just for pronunciation mostly if you were in uh the state with the largest city that would be in this country it'd be 741: Oh dear geography I tell you what why don't you s- if you want me to say a certain word just spell it and let me pronounce it #1 for you. # interviewer: #2 well # the the 741: #1 oh like the Uni- # interviewer: #2 the state # 741: like N- New York if I wanted to be in New York that's right. interviewer: and if you 741: #1 Or # interviewer: #2 were # 741: Los Angeles I think is actually isn't it. interviewer: is that right? 741: It's about to beat it at least. Course Los Angeles itself I mean with all the suburbs and #1 stuff I # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if you were in Baltimore you'd be in 741: In what state? Maryland. interviewer: and if you were in Richmond you'd be in 741: Virginia. interviewer: and Raleigh you'd be in 741: North Carolina. interviewer: state below that is 741: South Carolina. interviewer: if you were in Atlanta 741: Georgia. interviewer: Miami 741: Florida. interviewer: if you were in New Orleans 741: Louisiana. interviewer: and Louisville 741: Kentucky. interviewer: Knoxville 741: Tennessee. interviewer: if you were in St. Louis 741: Missouri. and my husband says Missouri. {C: pronunciation} interviewer: if you were in uh Biloxi 741: Mississippi. interviewer: if you were in Dallas 741: Texas. interviewer: and if you were in Tulsa 741: Oklahoma. interviewer: Boston 741: Massachusetts. interviewer: have you ever heard the states uh say from Maine to Connecticut as a group referred to 741: uh New England states. interviewer: uh 741: That's where our son goes to school. New Hampshire. interviewer: the capital of this country is 741: Washington D-C. interviewer: and the biggest city in Maryland is 741: Annapolis I don't know what is the biggest #1 city Baltimore? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and biggest one in Missouri 741: I don't know St. Louis what? interviewer: what about uh little seaport in uh South Carolina 741: Charleston? interviewer: and what about the big uh steel uh uh producing city in Alabama biggest city in Alabama 741: Is it Mobile? No. uh What's it start with? interviewer: B. 741: B. Birmingham? Let me see who's at the #1 door. # interviewer: #2 okay # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: {D: Over here.} {NS} interviewer: uh let's see oh what about the big city in uh Illinois 741: Chicago. interviewer: and the capital of Alabama 741: Capital of Alabama #1 hmm now # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: What is the capital of Alabama? Uh is it #1 Montgomery? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: Montgomery? okay interviewer: you mentioned Mobile a minute ago do you know what what that gulf is called that Mobile is on 741: The Gulf of isn't it on the Gulf of Mexico? interviewer: what about a few big cities in Tennessee 741: Knoxville. Nashville. Uh that's about all I'm familiar with in Tennessee uh there's interviewer: you heard of the so and so choo-choo. 741: Chattanooga? interviewer: uh-huh or what about the city I think Elvis Presley lives there now 741: Memphis. Oh heavens I g- I've I almost think of Memphis being in Arkansas #1 it's so # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: it's just hard to think of it being in Tennessee #1 to me. # interviewer: #2 Right. # 741: I'm sure they would have a stroke. interviewer: {NW} well what about uh uh this is a resort city in western North Carolina 741: Western North Carolina resort city. interviewer: I think Thomas Wolfe born there. {D: all uh can't go home yet} 741: Yeah but I I don't know. You're not interviewer: Asheville. 741: Asheville? I'm not familiar with that. interviewer: well what about uh the biggest city in Georgia that would be 741: Atlanta. interviewer: what about the Georgia big Georgia seaport 741: uh Is it Savannah? interviewer: or what if have you ever heard of Phenix City Alabama 741: Mm-mm. interviewer: {X} what about Fort Benning 741: I've heard of Fort Benning Georgia. #1 isn't it # interviewer: #2 {X} # A city that's very close to it? 741: No. interviewer: Columbus. 741: Columbus. interviewer: what about uh biggest city in Louisiana 741: New Orleans or interviewer: and the other one you were thinking 741: #1 Baton Rouge. # interviewer: #2 about # or what about the biggest city of southern Ohio with the professional baseball team the Reds 741: Cincinnati? interviewer: and the city in Kentucky with the horse racers 741: Louisville. interviewer: and just a couple of foreign countries if you were in Moscow you'd be in 741: Russia. interviewer: and if you were in Paris you'd be in 741: France. interviewer: and if you were in Dublin 741: Ireland. interviewer: what uh 741: It's hard to say France I've had fourteen hours of French and I'm doing a French role in this play and it's France. {C: pronunciation} You know I'm just all {C: laughing} {NW} automatically all of a sudden a French accent {C: laughing} #1 on the stage. # interviewer: #2 Right. # {NW} well what about uh the largest uh Protestant denomination in the South that would 741: Baptist. interviewer: and people become members of the church you'd say they 741: Joined. interviewer: and when one goes to church one goes to pray to 741: God? interviewer: and the preacher preaches a 741: sermon interviewer: or somebody might say well I don't care about listening to the sermon I just go to hear the 741: Music. Choir. Whatever. interviewer: uh outside looking at uh at a sunset you might say my goodness that sure is a 741: Beautiful. Gorgeous. interviewer: well say if I were on the way to church and had a flat tire had to change it I might say well by the time I get or church will be over 741: By the time I get there. interviewer: yeah or what is supposed to be uh the uh opposite of God that's the 741: Devil. interviewer: ever heard it called anything else 741: Oh Satan, Lucifer, Beelzebub um probably heard him called all kinds of things. uh interviewer: you ever heard parents uh try to scare their children if they're misbehaving by saying boy if you don't behave the old is gonna get you 741: The boogerman? But I didn't know that was supposed to be the devil. interviewer: I was gonna ask you that if you associated it with. 741: Hmm-mm. interviewer: what about these things that people might claim to see around a graveyard they're called 741: Ghosts. interviewer: heard that called anything else? 741: Shades. interviewer: really? 741: I mm not I may have gotten that out of a book. I don't know. {C: laughing} uh {X} had some interesting shoot well some of 'em called them dead things. interviewer: {NW} ever heard people call 'em haints? 741: Haints? interviewer: uh-huh 741: In mostly in books. I'm I've ne- {X} think I've ever really heard #1 anyone call 'em that. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: Mo- they say ghosts around here. or ghosties. interviewer: ghosties {NW} well what about uh a house that's infested with these things you'd say 741: #1 A haunted # interviewer: #2 it's a # 741: house. interviewer: or say if somebody was asking you to do something that you were particularly crazy about doing you might say well I'll do it if you insist but I'd not 741: I'd rather not. interviewer: or say a man who owns a thousand acres of land talking about the quantity you'd say he owns a 741: The bunch. A bunch of land. interviewer: have you ever heard people around here use the expression right smart? if you're at right smart land he's got 741: That probably but I'm it's I don't think it's real common or at least it's not I haven't heard it that much. interviewer: now what if say if uh 741: How I'm trying to think how they would say {X} it's man he owns passel of passel of land or interviewer: mm-hmm 741: more. interviewer: Yeah. 741: Something like that. interviewer: well say if you wanted if you were agree with somebody uh and you want him to say something stronger more enthusiastic than just yes what might you say 741: If I am agreeing strongly with somebody and I want to say rather than you bet or whatever. interviewer: would you ever say something like certainly 741: #1 Certainly. # interviewer: #2 in that # 741: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 case? # 741: Absolutely. interviewer: mm-hmm well what about if you were agreeing with somebody uh rather than than just saying just yes if you were going to be say polite to another gentleman you'd say 741: Yes sir. interviewer: and to a woman 741: Yes ma'am. Or yes'm. #1 In fact # interviewer: #2 what about # 741: it was very hard to break that habit. interviewer: {NW} 741: As an adult that moving back here I had to break it because I'd say yes'm and yes ma'am and yes sir all my life #1 and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: and boy the women say don't you ma'am me you're an adult too you know. {C: laughing} interviewer: {NW} 741: Had to quit. interviewer: what about uh say if you went out in the morning and it's not just you might say well it's not just a little cold this morning it's 741: Freezing. interviewer: or how cold is it it's 741: How cold is it it's freezing. {NW} interviewer: would you ever say well it's just real cold this morning 741: I'd say r- yeah I might say real cold but I would more likely say freezing. interviewer: if you had done something uh uh oh I don't 741: #1 If I # interviewer: #2 know # 741: were talking to my children I would say it was really cold. #1 I wouldn't # interviewer: #2 right # 741: say re- #1 I might # interviewer: #2 right # 741: say real cold #1 but I think I # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: I really would say really c- really cold. But otherwi- usually I'd say it's freezing cold. interviewer: alright okay what if what about if you had done something uh oh if you were a little peeved at yourself for breaking something or you know something like that what might you say to yourself after doing something like that 741: {NW} #1 Profanity and all? # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # whatever 741: Uh i- idiot I'd usually call myself an idiot when I do something that I shouldn't do. Just that I'm just really put out with myself I call myself an idiot. interviewer: well what would you be likely to say you suppose if you had heard uh that somebody had said something about you that you didn't appreciate quite hearing it do you have any idea what you might say 741: Well I like that. Or something like that. interviewer: would you ever say something like well the idea 741: mm-mm interviewer: you ever heard anybody say 741: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: My grandmother always said that. But uh {D: hmm as I would.} interviewer: well what about if you met a 741: {D: I I would come up with something more like} well or {D: while I s-} that or #1 you know something # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 741: like that. interviewer: well what about if you had if you met an acquaintance of yours uh on the street what would you say to them in a way of uh inquiring about their health 741: I'd say how are you doing? interviewer: would you say that to somebody you didn't know at all? 741: No. interviewer: would you say anything? 741: About their health? {X} I would sa- when I'm like when I meet somebody how do you do I would say how do you do. Or hello. Or I might say how are you. Or or you know or something like that but uh how are you doing is for your friends. interviewer: yeah well how would you greet someone around December twenty-fifth you'd say 741: Merry Christmas. Or Christmas gift #1 or # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: if it's if it's a friend or family you might say Christmas gift. interviewer: well what about greeting somebody around January the first you'd say 741: Happy New Year. interviewer: is there any equivalent to Christmas gift for New Year's 741: Not that I know of. If there is tell me. {NW} interviewer: I have never heard of it some people that I ask claim that they say New Year's gift that was new to me say if uh somebody had done you a favor {NS} you might say well I'm much 741: Obliged. Don't use that much anymore it's kind of obsolete. interviewer: {X} what would you say uh would be equivalent to that 741: I really appreciate it. {D: or} I owe you one. interviewer: {X} 741: Something like that. Much obliged my grandfather used that all much obliged he was all that's much obliged it's just #1 he used it # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: all the time. interviewer: uh-huh well what about if uh somebody had asked you uh about whether you had time to do something you might say well I'm not sure but I I'll have time 741: I think I'll have time. interviewer: or say if you had to go downtown to get a few things in the stores you'd say you need to go downtown to do some 741: Shopping. interviewer: and if you make a purchase perhaps the storekeeper uh took a piece of paper and 741: Wrapped it. interviewer: and when you got home you 741: Unwrapped it. interviewer: uh say if a store is selling things at less than what they paid for 'em you'd say they're selling how 741: I'd say they were on sale. interviewer: would you ever say uh uh they're selling at a loss 741: No. {C: laughing} interviewer: {NW} 741: #1 I sure wouldn't. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # not the case huh 741: No way. {NW} interviewer: well what about if you were admiring something in the store window but uh you might say well I'd sure like to get that but it just too much 741: Costs too much. interviewer: and you'd say uh usually around the first of the month the bill is 741: Due. interviewer: if you were in a club you might have to pay your club 741: Dues. interviewer: say if you wanted to buy a new car uh you might go to your banker to arrange to the money 741: Borrow. interviewer: and you've probably heard that expression that uh good workers get mighty nowadays 741: Scarce. {NW} interviewer: or say uh a boy uh 741: I w- I don't now scarce I guess I use some I don't think it's a word I use very often. interviewer: say uh if a boy was in a uh swimming pool he runs down the springboard and goes in like so 741: He dived. interviewer: and he what would the participle form of that be say he has 741: Dived. interviewer: what would you say you did if you landed if you uh dived in the water and landed flat on your 741: #1 Belly # interviewer: #2 stomach # 741: buster. interviewer: or uh say if uh a boy was playing around in the yard and he tucked his head down and kicked out his legs and went over like that 741: Did a somersault. interviewer: when you get in the water you begin to 741: Swim. interviewer: and the past of that would be 741: Swam. Swam. interviewer: and you have 741: Have swum. swa- have swum I guess {C: laughing} I don't know. interviewer: {X} have you ever heard of uh a storekeeper uh say if you went down there to pay off your bill you ever heard one giving you a little gift or present or something like that just for paying it off 741: Hmm-mm. #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: know of a single person that does that. interviewer: {NW} uh talking about swimming again if a person gets in trouble in the water he might 741: Drown. interviewer: and the past of that would be 741: Drowned. interviewer: what would you say a baby does before he learns to walk? 741: Crawl. interviewer: and if there's something up a tree that I need to get I have to 741: Climb it. interviewer: and the past of that is 741: Climbed. interviewer: so say sometimes if before uh a child goes to bed says his prayers he'll sometimes 741: Kneel. interviewer: or if if you're feeling tired you might say well I think I'll go in bed a while 741: Get in bed I'd I'd probably say I think I'll go lie down a while. interviewer: or say uh well so and so is feeling really sick he couldn't even sit up he just had to in bed all day 741: Just had to lie in bed all day. interviewer: what do you say you do when you begin to see these things in your sleep you say 741: Dream. {C: background noise} interviewer: past of that would be 741: #1 Dreamed. # interviewer: #2 yesterday # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or you might say well I was dreaming about so and so but all of the sudden I 741: Woke up. interviewer: or what would uh you say I did if I brought down my foot very heavy on the floor 741: Stamped it. interviewer: or 741: Or stomped. interviewer: yeah or say uh uh if a boy met a girl at a party he wanted to see her home after the party was over what would he probably ask her say 741: #1 If he can # interviewer: #2 well may # 741: take her home. Can I take you home or. interviewer: or say if I uh got my car stuck in the mud I might ask somebody to tie a rope onto my uh bumper and try to 741: Pull you out. interviewer: or get behind me and give me a 741: Push. interviewer: is there anything you might say if uh other than just carry for hanging uh uh say carry very heavy suitcase a long distance 741: #1 Lug it. # interviewer: #2 something # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # lug it? uh-huh do you ever hear people around here say uh tote it 741: #1 Some. # interviewer: #2 toted # that 741: uh-huh {NS} It's kind of a it's not anything I hear interviewer: mm-hmm 741: very often. interviewer: well what about if uh you were cooking something in the kitchen and a bunch of little children were uh around you getting in the way you might say well now that stove's very hot so 741: Watch out. {NW} I don't don't touch or something. interviewer: what about uh these uh games that children sometimes play uh chase or something like that and there's usually a place that you can run to and be safe what did you call that? 741: Home I guess. No. Auxiliary 1: Well base. 741: Oh well you're saying baseball. Auxiliary 1: mm-mm 741: Home base? Auxiliary 1: No just base. 741: Oh really? interviewer: just run to base can't get you there or say if we're if we are throwing a ball around I throw it to you you're supposed to 741: Catch it. interviewer: and the past of that would 741: #1 Caught. # interviewer: #2 be # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or say if uh we were going to meet in town I might say well if I get there first I'll 741: Wait on you. interviewer: if uh say your husband had a hired man who just kept loafing around uh and he might have to discharge him he might say well looks like I'm gonna have to get of that man 741: Rid of him. interviewer: and if the man comes back after he's fired him uh he might say aw come on just give me another 741: Chance. interviewer: say if somebody who uh is always smiling and has a nice word for everybody you'd say well well so and so sure seems to be in a good 741: Mood. interviewer: anything else you've ever heard for that? 741: Someone who's always like that? Usually say that they're have a good personality or they're real very friendly or something like Auxiliary 1: Sunny disposition. 741: something. interviewer: have you ever heard people say so and so's in mighty good humor today 741: Oh in a good humor yeah. interviewer: now what what about uh oh say if it's a kid left his best pen out on his desk and when he came back it was gone you might say well looks like somebody 741: Stole it. interviewer: or I might say something like uh well I had forgotten about that but now I 741: Remember. interviewer: or say if you wanted to get in touch with somebody uh without phoning them you might sit down and 741: Oh write a letter. interviewer: and the past of that would 741: #1 I # interviewer: #2 be # 741: wrote a letter. interviewer: and you have 741: Written. interviewer: and what do you call yourself doing {NW} always comes up there uh to the envelope after you've written a letter 741: Lick it. interviewer: well and you 741: #1 Seal it. # interviewer: #2 write # 741: Oh address it. #1 Okay. # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # you might say well I'd like to write so and so but I don't know his 741: Address. interviewer: and after you write somebody you might say well after I've gone to the trouble of writing him I expect to get 741: An answer. interviewer: or say if uh a little child is learning to whistle through his teeth and you wanted to know uh uh uh where he learned it you might ask him well who how to do that 741: Taught you how to do that. interviewer: have you ever heard of uh oh children calling another child who's always running around and telling on other children anything in particular 741: A tattletale. interviewer: now tattling and gossip is there any difference there? to you 741: Gossiping is just talking about somebody. Tattling is telling the authority Auxiliary 1: #1 what someone did wrong. # interviewer: #2 {NS} {NW} # {NW} I see. what about these things that uh you might put in vases around houses uh 741: #1 Flowers. # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or these things that children play with say they have a lot of 741: Toys. interviewer: ever heard toys called anything else 741: Playthings. interviewer: ever heard 'em called play pretties? 741: Uh yeah I have. I've I never have called it that but that's uh I have heard it used. interviewer: well what about uh say if I have something that you need right now you'd say me that now 741: Give me that now. interviewer: and the past would be yesterday I 741: Gave. interviewer: and I have 741: Given. interviewer: or say if uh I might say well I sure am glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone a block before it 741: Started raining. interviewer: or it to rain 741: Began to rain. interviewer: past of that would be 741: It began to rain. interviewer: and it has 741: Started raining. It has begun to rain all right. {C: laughing} {NW} I don't use that #1 exactly # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 741: in that. It started raining it was #1 raining. # interviewer: #2 right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # well if you wanted to go somewhere in a hurry you wouldn't just walk you would begin to 741: Run. interviewer: and the past would be 741: Run. I'd say I ran. mm-kay interviewer: and I have 741: Run. interviewer: or uh say uh if the highway department's working on a road had all the machinery out there you know uh you might tell somebody well you can't get through there the highway department's out there and the road's all 741: Blocked. interviewer: or if they've been you know digging holes in it and 741: Oh. interviewer: trenches and all that you'd say the road's all 741: Torn up. interviewer: or say if uh your husband gave you a bracelet as a gift and you were just sitting there looking at it he might say well don't just look at it go ahead and 741: Put it on. {C: laughing} interviewer: or oh how about if uh if you were to sit on the couch beside a friend of yours and all of the sudden he said what'd you say? you might say I didn't I said nothing he might say oh I thought you said 741: Something. interviewer: if somebody asks uh uh how long have you lived here in Arkadelphia you might say me why I've 741: Lived here a jillion years. All my life. interviewer: or if say if somebody did something you might say well that wasn't an accident so and so did it 741: On purpose. interviewer: or if you're inquiring about something uh somebody might say well I don't know you better go so and so 741: Ask. interviewer: and the past form of that would 741: #1 Asked. # interviewer: #2 be # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or if boys get irritated with each other they might start to 741: Fight. interviewer: and the past would be 741: Fought. interviewer: and if uh I accidentally take a knife and do that that's a uh 741: Stabbed. interviewer: or if uh say a teacher went into the classroom and a lot of funny pictures of her on the blackboard she might ask the class well now who on the board 741: Who drew that on the board. interviewer: or if uh say some men had to lift uh a heavy weight up onto the roof of the house they might take a block and tackle and do what to get it up there 741: Pull it. interviewer: ever heard any other way of uh I guess maybe if you were sailing have you ever heard an expression to uh have to do with uh 741: Oh hoist. interviewer: yeah 741: Okay. interviewer: what how would you uh greet someone around ten oh clock in the daytime you would say 741: Good morning. interviewer: what would be the latest you would say that 741: Oh well I certain wouldn't of course wouldn't say it past twelve noon but I probably wouldn't even say it past eleven. I usually I would say good morning like nine ten. Hello? Yes. Yeah. Oh uh well no I had just asked the the girls to and anything they want to uh drink in the way of {NW} liquor to bring themselves. Right. Oh no I'm not gonna be out much of anything because uh all the girls are supposed to bring uh you know some food and I'm just gonna fix a couple of dips and then have some ice and uh Cokes and Seven Ups and things so it's not gonna be anything worth. You know i- it's not gonna be anything at all. Okay. {C: laughing} Oh okay well thank you no I don't that won't be necessary if everybody just brings what what they particularly want to drink I think we'll be in pretty good shape. And all the women are gonna bring some kind of either chips or some kind of snacking something so we're gonna have plenty to eat. Uh no I think the cast members will be enough. I know s- uh Sherry's gonna bring um oh some kind of well she says it's a dip but it's really it's hamburger meat with uh beans and onions and cheese and all kinds of stuff it just sounds like a meal in itself so I think we're gonna have enough we'll have {D: Barkley dip} and then a cheese dip so we're gonna have a lot of kind of heavier type of dip so I think we're gonna have oh uh plenty to eat. Oh. {C: laughing} Oh right. Right uh-huh. Right. Okay. Okay that'll be fine. Okay well that that will just be fine. Okey-doke. Okay now bye-bye. We're having a cast party over here. interviewer: mm-hmm 741: Tonight. {NS} And interviewer: is tonight the last run? 741: right. With Richard feeling bad and I'm kinda. interviewer: well what about the part of the day after morning you call that 741: Afternoon. interviewer: and after that? 741: uh Well either evening or night. Evening and night's kind of different to me it's not to everyone. But it's kind of different to me. Late afternoon runs into evening which runs into night. interviewer: I see. well what about uh uh if you were leaving someone during the day what would you say to 'em? 741: I'd say bye. interviewer: have you ever heard people around here say good day? 741: Not really. Oh well I maybe some of the older generation may have. Or I'll see you. You know that's the or I'll see you later. Bye. interviewer: well what about the name of the meal that you eat early in the morning that's 741: Breakfast. interviewer: and then you eat 741: Lunch. interviewer: and then 741: Dinner. interviewer: any meal that you could eat between breakfast and lunch? 741: Oh brunch? interviewer: or what would you say to someone uh when you were leaving them at night 741: Good night. interviewer: or say if on a farm a person worked started work before daylight you'd say that he started work before 741: Dawn. interviewer: or before sun 741: Sunup. But I would say dawn. interviewer: well what about say if a farmer were a little bit late getting out of the field uh he'd say well when we started out the field the sun had already 741: Risen. interviewer: and if he worked until the sun went out of sight you'd say he worked until 741: Sunset or after sunset. interviewer: today is uh Thursday that means Wednesday was 741: Yesterday. interviewer: and Friday's 741: Tomorrow. interviewer: what if somebody came to see you on Sunday uh the Sunday before this past Sunday you'd say he came 741: Last Sunday. {NS} interviewer: or what about if he's coming to see you 741: #1 Next Sunday. # interviewer: #2 {D: Sunday's} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: That there's more confusion on #1 these terms. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} you ever heard people the Sunday a week ago or Sunday worth a week ago 741: mm-hmm Su- #1 a week uh-huh. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Sunday week and all kinds of funny strange things I always have when I to make it clear I always #1 give 'em the date. # interviewer: #2 bring 'em a calendar # 741: #1 That's why I say the # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: date because last Sunday to me is just the previous Sunday it wasn't a week ago Sunday it was just the previous whenever. And then next Sunday is the next one coming up. interviewer: Right. 741: #1 But to # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: some people it's just not that way at all. interviewer: right 741: So you have to be careful. interviewer: say if somebody stayed at your house from about the first to the fifteenth you'd say they stayed about 741: Too long. interviewer: {NW} 741: They stayed about two weeks. interviewer: would you ever say do people around here ever use fortnight 741: Mm-mm. Or if they do I've never heard it. interviewer: or say if you wanted to know what uh time of day it is you'd ask somebody 741: What time is it? interviewer: and they'd say well just let me look at my 741: Watch. interviewer: what time would you say it was if it's midway between seven and eight oh clock? 741: Seven thirty. interviewer: and if it's fifteen minutes later than half past ten 741: I'd say it's quarter of eleven. interviewer: or say if you had been doing something for a long time you'd say well I've been doing that for quite 741: A while. interviewer: say if nineteen seventy-six was last year then nineteen seventy-seven is 741: Next year. #1 This year. # interviewer: #2 for seventy-seven # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: Nineteen seventy-seven is this year. {D: mm-kay} interviewer: or what about something that happened about this time last year you'd say it happened 741: A year ago. interviewer: and these things these white puffy things in the 741: Clouds? interviewer: yeah or say if you looked at up in the sky there aren't any clouds around and uh the sun's shining you say well I believe we're gonna have a 741: Pretty day. interviewer: or say if it's if it's not very pretty and the sun's not shining and uh you say well looks like it's gonna be a 741: Crummy day. {C: laughing} interviewer: {NW} 741: #1 Or it just # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: or it's I'd say it looks like it's gonna be overcast or interviewer: have you ever heard people say oh looks like it's gonna be a gloomy day 741: Gloomy right. interviewer: or or say if the clouds are beginning to get uh thicker and you figure you're gonna have some rain you'd say that the weather's 741: Changing or turning or. interviewer: or say if the the clouds begin to break up and the sun starts shining you'd say the weather's 741: Clearing. interviewer: or what about uh a heavy rainfall say about an inch in just an hour you'd say you had a 741: Deluge I guess I don't know. Torrent. interviewer: have you ever heard people say a gully wash 741: {X} I've heard it. mm-hmm. interviewer: now what about if you're having a lot of lightning along with the rain you'd say you're having a 741: Electrical storm or a storm. interviewer: would that be the 741: #1 Thunderstorm. # interviewer: #2 same # thunderstorm well is it possible to have a storm with just uh lightning and no rain? 741: Oh yes. interviewer: would you call that something different 741: I'd c- uh heavens. Mm uh I don't know. interviewer: that would 741: U- there's usually some rain attached to it interviewer: I see. 741: Uh I mean you somewhere I mean it may not be raining just then I I can remember some I guess you'd call it a electrical storm I don't know. interviewer: have you ever heard the expression uh used to describe say uh uh rain uh it's raining uh when the sun's shining? now no clouds or anything but it just begins to rain 741: It just rains. Yeah no I I don't know of any expression for that interviewer: you're never heard people say the devil's beating his wife with a frying pan? 741: No. {C: laughing} Huh-uh. interviewer: well what uh say uh you might say well I just got my clothes up on the line when the wind came along and 'em down 741: Blew 'em down. interviewer: use the past participle would be the wind has 741: Blown. interviewer: well what about if uh the wind was blowing from uh that direction it'd be blowing from the 741: South. interviewer: and that would be the 741: North. interviewer: that would 741: East. West. interviewer: and between would be 741: That way is southeast. Southwest. Northwest. Northeast. {NS} interviewer: or say if you went out on your porch and just could barely see the house across there because of these low-hanging clouds say you're having 741: #1 Foggy. # interviewer: #2 a lot of # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you're just there's a lot of {NS} 741: Fog. interviewer: or if it uh doesn't rain for couple of weeks you'd say you're having a little 741: Drought. interviewer: or if it's not as 741: #1 Yeah I # interviewer: #2 severe # 741: called it a drought and I think my son looked it up and said it was a drought. #1 all these # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: years I had said drought. interviewer: {NW} is there something not as severe as a drought 741: Dry spell. interviewer: or what about if the wind has been very gentle and it's gradually getting stronger you'd say the wind is 741: Picking up. {NS} interviewer: or if it's 741: #1 Rising. # interviewer: #2 just # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # or if it's the opposite if it's been 741: #1 Dying # interviewer: #2 strong # 741: down. interviewer: well well how would you describe the weather if you went out in the morning and it ah it was uh little chilly but not bad you know just kinda you'd like to be out in you'd say it's real 741: It's uh oh crisp or {NS} uh I don't know I can't think of anything right now just really. {NS} interviewer: for some reason I when I ask that question that old Lewis Carroll poem Jabberwocky 741: Mm-hmm. interviewer: 'Twas really {NS} really dismal 741: Really. interviewer: whatever that is what are what about if uh say you have a light white coating on the ground you'd say you had a light 741: Snow. interviewer: or 741: Frost. interviewer: or you might say well it got so cold last night that the lake 741: Froze. interviewer: or if it gets much colder the pond will 741: Freeze. {C: background noise} {NS} interviewer: this expression uh you might hear people say well sometimes it seems that your good luck comes just a little bit at a time but it seems that your bad luck comes 741: In bunches I don't know. {C: laughing} interviewer: or say if uh if a farmer got twenty bushels to the acre last year this year it was forty bushels you'd say this year's crop was 741: Double. interviewer: or was as good 741: Twice as good. interviewer: just for pronunciation if you don't mind count for me from one to twenty 741: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty. interviewer: the number after twenty-six is 741: Twenty-seven. interviewer: and after twenty-nine 741: Thirty. interviewer: and after thirty-nine 741: Forty. interviewer: and after sixty-nine 741: Seventy. interviewer: and after ninety-nine 741: A hundred. interviewer: and after nine hundred ninety-nine 741: A thousand. interviewer: and ten times one hundred thousand is one 741: Million. I hope. {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: what the day of the month that the bills are due is usually the 741: Tenth. interviewer: and the one before that the tenth would be the 741: Ninth. interviewer: then the 741: Eighth. Seventh. Sixth. Fifth. Fourth. Third. Second. First. interviewer: and uh the months of the year 741: January February March April May June July August September October November December. interviewer: and the days of the week 741: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday. interviewer: you ever heard Sunday called anything else? 741: Besides the Sabbath? interviewer: Okay. 741: The Lord's day. {NS} interviewer: I've got it 741: The whole thing huh. interviewer: the whole thing 741: I thought of what I call the dog besides a mongrel's a cur. interviewer: cur dog 741: I knew there was something else that I called it that I had not interviewer: mm-hmm well I think there are several things uh talking to you that I had never run into before like flash and uh what else was it glisten 741: Glisten. interviewer: is there an old uh 741: {D: bar uh you we do we got bar} interviewer: yeah seems there's a a poem that uses that word glisten but not to mean sweat well is it Richard Cory you ever read that so and so glistened when he walked I'm not sure 741: Glistens in a lot of things I think as far as literature is concerned. interviewer: well here 741: You want me to get that judge's #1 name let me write it for you. # interviewer: #2 oh yeah that would # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Interviewer: Now {NS} 748: I've been so I could get whatever I needed {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: With or without the money. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah {NS} 748: Folks have enough confidence in them Interviewer: Yeah? 748: to know if they're letting the health {X} Interviewer: Now 748: Been that way ever since I was a Interviewer: But you might go to somebody and they'd say? Money is money is just I can't lend any money #1 money is # 748: #2 Well I # yes I have I've had folks who do that. and I'll tell you one thing I had I had a man make me oh he just loved me. Oh brother Payton just loved me. {NS} And I know the nigger had plenty of money too. I had one time wondered I'd lend you fifteen dollars. Nigger didn't want none of 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 748: And I'll tell you another thing about that money. {NS} I know the man that I had lent money lent money little money little money going to {X} that was back when times were hard. I was never really #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Times were hard # what do you mean? 748: Oh well just times were hard couldn't make nothing couldn't get hardly get a hold of nothing. Interviewer: Money was? 748: And and money was scarce and in other words I didn't have a way bank no money didn't have a job to make no money. Might've been plenty of money but I didn't have a way to get it. {NS} {X} {NS} I wasn't working and there were jobs I'd get at them. {NW} But this fellow I had lent him money several times. And I seen that man get some money and I said look I hadn't really cashed the check and I asked that man to lend me fifteen cents what I wanted fifteen {NW} I wanted to get me some cheese and crackers or saltine crackers cause of course back then when they eat {NW} you could take that money and get a good meal of those. You reckon he lent me that? No. {D: Need a dime on me money.} {NS} {NW} I've seen that. They are too tight and stingy. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Wouldn't even lend any money. Wouldn't even lend me I just just wanted fifteen cents now. Now nobody had the money. I'd just seen him cash a check. I I crossed out check you ain't crossed out. And he didn't do it. He just put his money in his pocket and walked on. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But I had lent him money before then and as I tell you that same man died owing me some money. Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 748: #2 But I # lent him money after after he treated me that way. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. Now somebody went swimming and they got caught in a whirlpool and they couldn't get out you'd say they got? 748: Well all I could notice there then if you got someone couldn't get out. Interviewer: They got what? 748: He just got drowned. Interviewer: About drowned him. Uh you might say uh after he went down for the third time he he did what? He? 748: Well after he wents down the third time I'd just say he just sanked that's all I know to say. Interviewer: And he 748: Cause he wasn't wasn't alive no more. Interviewer: He what he? 748: He just uh all I know is just say he drowned. Interviewer: Okay. 748: Be honest with you. Interviewer: Uh or you might say I wasn't there uh I had gone for a walk and I didn't see him? 748: Oh well in a case like that why Interviewer: I didn't see him what? #1 I didn't see? # 748: #2 If that's the case # I didn't see him drown. {X} Has happened. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Or went down. Interviewer: Yeah. Now when you saw something up a tree you might go over you went over to the tree and you did what you? 748: Well if I seen something up a tree just like a squirrel Interviewer: So you went over to a tree and? 748: I may go up to a tree and kind of shake the tree or {NW} maybe jack a limb or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Or you went over to the tree and? 748: Uh I said shake a tree. Interviewer: Yeah or maybe? 748: Or jack a limb. Interviewer: #1 You had to get up? # 748: #2 Or climb it. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: You what? 748: Climb it. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: If I got something up there I wanted. Interviewer: I'll you'd say I went over to the tree and? Climb up the tree? 748: Climb up the tree. Interviewer: Climb up the tree. Uh uh #1 okay. # 748: #2 I say # I seen some grapes up a tree once and uh all these pretty grapes of a gum tree. Tall gum tree. {NW} And them grapes were way up yonder. I was a kid. And I clumb way up that tree but when I went to come down I stepped on a on a on a rotten limb. And that limb broke and I just fell right on out and as the Lord would have it I put the limb back. And the Lord and the Lord would as he would have it a a strong limb {X} tore up and I {D: I seen that} hadn't I'd've broke my neck. I never will forget that right up that road there. {NW} They're uh coming down you know coming down and I caught hold a a dead limb. You see and when I caught that dead limb you see why I just. {X} But as the good Lord would have it I crossed my legs up there and them other live limbs out caught my limb on that that's what saved me. {NS} {NW} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: {NW} 748: I've been in lots of accidents and things like that my. {X} Interviewer: Now uh talking about something you saw when you sleep you might say? 748: Well I I'd just say well a dream. You know I dreamed. {X} Interviewer: But when I woke up I couldn't remember what I? 748: well I been so uh I've yeah I've done that I've dreamed dreamed and then couldn't remember what it was in there. Interviewer: What you? #1 Couldn't remember # 748: #2 Couldn't couldn't remember # what that dream was couldn't remember what my dream was. Interviewer: Couldn't remember what you? 748: What I dreamt that's all I'd say. Interviewer: What you dreamt? Uh 748: That's the way it was I forget what that old fellow was in the Bible he couldn't tell he'd dreamed something too. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: I can't call call him anyways. Interviewer: Or you might dream you were falling and right before you hit the ground you #1 I did what? # 748: #2 I # I woke up. Interviewer: I woke up? Yeah. 748: Woke up. Interviewer: Um now if somebody came in the room and they were doing this you'd say they were doing they were you'd tell 'em don't? 748: I well I'd tell 'em said I'd say don't I said be be quiet don't stomp all over the floor. Interviewer: Quit stomping around like that. 748: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Quit stomping around like that. {NS} That sort of thing. {NS} Um now if you were out back say and you were at the barn and you needed a hammer or something you'd say to one of your boys what would you say? Run? 748: Well I'd say call 'em by name bring me the hammer. Interviewer: Run or run? 748: Well I'd sometimes say run with that run bring it and uh sometimes I'd just say bring it. Interviewer: Uh and he was with you you know? And uh you'd say run fetch run anything else? 748: Well some I hardly tell him to run I just say {X} Interviewer: #1 Go? # 748: #2 {X} # tell him to go Interviewer: Go #1 go fetch the hammer. # 748: #2 and uh # Get me so-and-so. Now I don't said run I'd just say go Interviewer: Go fetch #1 that? # 748: #2 Or if he's # 748: or if he's in the house when I call him I'd say please bring that or bring me or please bring me. Interviewer: And so he? 748: Bring it. Interviewer: He'd bring it to you. Okay. Uh now you were talking with somebody on the phone and and you might say uh I'll meet you in town uh if I get there first I'll? 748: Well I'll tell you if I get there first Interviewer: #1 I'll wait? # 748: #2 I'll wait on you at such and such a place. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh now to a child who was uh {C: clock chiming} {NS} who had been nasty to you you might say uh he might say you wouldn't give him with him you might say he'd say #1 oh please just? # 748: #2 Well I'd just say he just # so disobedient that's all I know to say. Interviewer: Yeah. Say you had a man working for you and you were gonna fire him cause he wasn't working hard enough. You'd say oh. 748: He's lazy. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I'd just say he's lazy. Interviewer: You'd say to him he'd say please just give me one more? 748: I I'll tell you what I'd say I'd say he's lazy and I'd {NW} the other thing I'd say he he want something to earn for nothing. Interviewer: Yeah. And he'd say oh just give me one more? Just please give me another? Another what another? 748: Well another chance. Interviewer: Yeah. But you you wouldn't get you might say or a a kind of a salesman say an insurance salesman who was hanging around your house all the time {NS} you'd say boy I just wanna get I wanna get what {X} I'd like to get? 748: Well I'll tell you he can go ahead and go on and I'll say well I I have something too I said well I don't know if you need to come back here no more. Interviewer: Yeah. I'd just like to get what? Get? {NS} 748: Well I'd just I'll uh say just like get {X} but I'd just tell him you know I'd say well uh you needn't come back here worrying about that no more. Cause I don't want it. I'm not gonna buy it and I'm not gonna pay it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now a smart aleck uh somebody like that you'd say he didn't know what was going on but he? He what he? 748: #1 Well um. # Interviewer: #2 He # he tried to make others think he did he? 748: Well I'll tell you {NS} smart aleck is just {NW} in other words I'd just call them folks thinking no think you don't know nothing and that they got more sense than you got. Interviewer: Yeah and they do what they make? They? 748: Need to try to make light of you. Interviewer: Yeah. They don't know what was going they don't know what's going on but they? They what they? 748: Well I I and I'm gonna tell you the reason I said they don't know know what's going and don't don't wanna try to find out what's going on. What's same find out what's going on and you know what you're doing. Interviewer: Yeah #1 they just what? # 748: #2 It's like # it's like two people. If like two people sit have a fuss like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well there's always a cause for anything. Uh some folks uh you'll take it up with them and just let let them and never say nothing about that other Interviewer: Yeah. 748: See? {D: Which is a fault.} Find out where the trouble is. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Between the two people and then talk. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Then find out it may be your best friend may've been in the in the big fault. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Somebody you didn't care too much about. {NW} May be just a. {X} Cause this ain't gonna let let now I'll check that away. Interviewer: What is it? 748: Well uh uh uh Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 dissatisfaction # a little dissatis- #1 going in my own and uh and and # Interviewer: #2 Okay. Alright. # 748: what started this one some things start and they ain't satis- ain't satisfactory and they just wanna blame one side for it. Just blame this one this one over here and that'd be clear. Go and talk about it wouldn't never talk oh two-two of the {X} would've been done if it hadn't been for old so-and-so. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But you don't know that the other fellow might've been. to be his fault. Interviewer: Okay. 748: Get the foundation. Interviewer: Now uh you might say somebody didn't know what was going on but they? They did what they? 748: Well they just uh well they didn't know where they were going cause they just didn't want to fool with it that's why. Interviewer: They didn't know what was going on but they? 748: They definitely didn't want to fool with it and have them #1 do it # Interviewer: #2 They they did know # not know what was going on? 748: Well they did not know. Interviewer: But they bl- blanked like they knew it all you'd say they? 748: Well if they didn't know what is going on. Interviewer: But they blanked like they knew it all they say they? 748: Well here. Interviewer: They did what they? He didn't know what was going on but he sure? 748: He acted like he did that's all I know #1 I know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay um a boy left his pencil on a desk he came back later and after school was out he said somebody must've? 748: Stole my pencil. Interviewer: Okay any other ways of saying that? Look look at here somebody done pulled a prank on me and? 748: Well sometimes you'd say and some boys with some I'd just say somebody moved the pencil. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Just like a man once left his watch at a regular school uh laying on a desk. And when he come in in fact that was a kind of a test that's the only test that man kinda put me through there he left his watch on that desk for a purpose. I mean on that on that on that pew for a purpose. Me cleaning up I found it. When I found it I took it and put it in his desk and he comes in man I can't find my watch. I said I'll tell you what you I said go look at your desk and when he went on back and got it. I'll tell you I'll come there come up. There'd been some stealing going on around there. I didn't do that. Interviewer: Somebody had thieved it? 748: Somebody and I not that one but somebody had done some stealing around there. Interviewer: They'd thieved it? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Filched it? 748: I said stoled something. See? There'd been some money stole there. {NW} And this fella'd heard about it. And so he thought he'd test me out see what I steal that way he's checking out a steal. Left his left his watch laying on the desk you know. On on the on on a pew course there'd been a ball game at that pew. And he cleaned up I found it when I found it I just took it up there and put it in his desk. That I must {X} put it in his desk When he when he comes around to ask about it why I said I told him {X} you know? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 He never did # see he never did act like going {NW} saying with it'd been been plenty of other stealing now that he didn't come to me with. I'll tell you another thing I've seen a man once I was working for a man. Me and another boy was digging up an old stump. Back then {X} on me. This fella's come back there and once {X} and looked at me on some {NS} one time I come back and there's a there's a cigar a laying down there. {NW} Come back that cigar and see it laying there. {X} He didn't leave no money now but some of them left something there. Had a while he'd pick it up pick the money you know then put it down. {NS} He was testing us niggers out to see what we steal. He had thought we'd steal anything. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: {NW} Interviewer: Now did you send any letters to people? 748: What was that? Interviewer: Send letters to anybody #1 you know? # 748: #2 I write to folks. # Interviewer: You what? 748: I write to folks Write them a letter. Interviewer: When you were younger did you? 748: Yeah when I was young I'd write I write them now cause I'd been on some letters yesterday. Interviewer: You yesterday you? 748: Mailed a letter. Interviewer: You mailed it? 748: Yeah I mailed it. Put it to the mailbox. Interviewer: When did you when did you write it? 748: Well I wrote it {D: like four days.} Interviewer: Okay. 748: But I wanted it to go off our mailman comes now in the morning and I called over after told him to send some kid over here to get it #1 Put the mailbox. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # 748: I wrote it the night before last and I wanted it to go off yesterday morning and I called that kid over here to come get the letter and put it in the box Interviewer: Now are you gonna are you expect to you do you expect them to the person you wrote that letter you expect them to write you back? 748: Well I hope to yes Interviewer: you hope they'll 748: yeah I hope they will Interviewer: hope they'll what? 748: go on to tell me my {X} I was writing it yeah about my son and I want to them to let me know. Interviewer: And you hope they'll 748: I hope they'll answer. Interviewer: okay. #1 um # 748: #2 on the Friday night # I told them listen I said I got a telephone. Call me anytime you want to click Interviewer: Do they do they know your do they have your to write you back do they have your 748: yeah they have my address have a phone number. Interviewer: okay. 748: cause like my daughter {X} wasn't wasn't the one that she got uh she these two ladies were {NW} uh high cost of living and next thing about it is don't know how to spend a lot of folks got money and don't know how to spend it. Interviewer: yeah. 748: {D: but they own many things} Interviewer: yeah. Now you put the letter in an envelope then you take your 748: seal it up you seal it up to fit take uh seal it up Interviewer: you take your what take your 748: well most times I just take my tongue {X} {D: do that there} seal it up. Interviewer: well you take your your 748: well to put a stamp on it. Interviewer: This is a what? 748: Well that's a pencil. Interviewer: this is a uh no this is a #1 a {X} # 748: #2 {X} # yeah I put my address on it Interviewer: #1 this is a writing what? # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 what # 748: #2 {X} # and and who I want to send to Interviewer: this isn't a pencil this is a writing this is a ball point 748: well my pen or whatever you call it Interviewer: #1 pen # 748: #2 pen or pencil # and write that address and write that name who I want that letter to go to. Interviewer: you say you doing what #1 you're you take the # 748: #2 well I'm backing it # Interviewer: backing it? Address 748: uh backing the the address putting on there who I put on there who it's from Interviewer: #1 okay # 748: #2 then # who it's from then who it's to Interviewer: yeah 748: you see Interviewer: #1 okay # 748: #2 so the # so the letter don't they don't get it the letter's supposed to come back to me. Interviewer: alright. What do you what do you use to to to uh fix the baby's diaper with? 748: A safety pin Interviewer: #1 safety pin # 748: #2 what we used to use # that's all we know to use Interviewer: okay now um the the roof of that house of your barn over there is made out of what? 748: well uh that old house is just it's just made out of well tell you I got some tin on that one out there Interviewer: okay uh 748: {X} #1 tin tin or tin # Interviewer: #2 uh # okay. now if a child had learned something surprising you might say to him say a child had learned how to cuss or something like that you might say who who what who 748: well children can surprise you I heard a man say once that a child could teach another one I know better um sometimes a child do something that you didn't think he knowed how to do. Interviewer: and you'd ask 748: something that uh you'd never seen him do you didn't think he knowed how to do you haven't told him how to do it Interviewer: #1 and you'd ask # 748: #2 well sometimes yeah # how'd he find that out? Interviewer: or who who what 748: I just who told you that or who showed you that Interviewer: okay 748: see that that's all I know Interviewer: who learned you that? 748: yeah who showed you that or who told you that that's the way I use it. Interviewer: okay. 748: I didn't I hardly put it who learned you I just say who {NW} who told you or who showed you Interviewer: okay. and uh now if a if a child had a child did something was always running and telling on other people you'd say they were a what 748: lying they're running around lying Interviewer: #1 they were always going to their mommy # 748: #2 lying and getting in other folk's business lying # Interviewer: Being a what being a 748: tattle Interviewer: tattle? okay now what about a woman who would get on the phone and uh and she would just she would always she'd always talk to other people about folks in the neighborhood you call her a call her a what 748: well I just call her a Interviewer: go- uh 748: just a a gossiper I'd call her a tattle I'd call her a gossiper. #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 okay # 748: and sometimes just call her a just say like this you run of the mouth Interviewer: yeah uh {NS} what would a tattle mean the same thing as a gossip? 748: well {NS} in a way in in in a way {X} tattling Interviewer: yeah 748: well I'd say it can Interviewer: you ever use that 748: you you you you carry that around around gossip is just I'm talking to you of course Interviewer: okay would you ever talk would you ever use a tattle about an adult? you ever say an adult was a tattler? 748: yes I would say that an adult is a tattle just like I would say uh children tattle I have said that yes and always messing with someone else's business Interviewer: now what would you give a child something to play with? 748: well that depends now as whole lot of different things you can give a child to play with Interviewer: just a you'd say you just give them a what #1 just a uh # 748: #2 well # try to get him get him just {D: think of it this way} uh just give him a give him a doll. Interviewer: {NW} 748: play with it. just make it {X} just give him a doll. Interviewer: yeah. Back in your days you didn't have a lot of play 748: didn't have a lot of playthings you know didn't have a lot of playthings. just you know Interviewer: Call it a play pretty? 748: yeah sometimes yeah play pretty play pretty Interviewer: what's a play pretty? 748: well a little play pretty is just something that all you do is play on it that's all it is it's it's not to be used for nothing else of course it won't serve for no other purpose than to just to have it around period. Interviewer: {NW} what might what might play pretty include? 748: what's that? Interviewer: What might a play pretty be? What might it include? 748: well it can include a lot of things now I'll tell you what if for Interviewer: #1 would that be the thing as # 748: #2 if uh # if uh Interviewer: would that be the same thing as a toy? 748: if I was a I give give a child I'd give him a lot of little toys any kind of toys marbles anything Interviewer: what about a gun? A toy gun? 748: well that ain't a play well a toy gun I'd call that a play toy too too I thought you mean were meaning a main gun {X} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 748: a toy gun. Interviewer: yeah. Interviewer: um uh now you might say if the highway department was out here working on the road you might say you couldn't get anywhere because the road was all 748: all blocked. Interviewer: was all tore up 748: well I just say it's all blocked up because it's tore Interviewer: tore up 748: tore up or blocked. Interviewer: okay. Tore up. uh okay now um {NS} if you didn't know the answer to a question you went and you you either looked it up or you 748: well I'll tell you about me if I don't know the answer something about the uh I don't know I try to look it up and see if I could find it and then sometimes I've asked somebody that I think do know just like uh just like Phillip would just like that {X} would go and ask Phillip. Interviewer: When he what? 748: When that {X} when he asked Phillip. When he was going out on the chariot reading now Interviewer: yeah. 748: and uh and uh Phillip didn't know he was one of the disciples. and uh he was riding on his chariot reading about it he uh leaded the lambs of slaughter and done before his shift he was just what is that? He asked Phillip what was it. And uh had Phillip to go up in the chariot with him. had Phillip go up in there and explain to him Jesus Christ and his purpose in the world and what he'd come here for. That man become converted in the record he said look at here here's some water right here you can baptize me now with that one {NW} Interviewer: yeah 748: Yeah I believe you can baptize me right now Interviewer: yeah now if there was a if there was a the teacher came in the morning and there was a funny picture on the blackboard she'd say who 748: well uh Interviewer: who what who somebody 748: well uh would say whose picture is this Interviewer: or who who did who did what 748: uh whose picture this uh Interviewer: what do you mean who who whose picture is it 748: uh whose picture is it what they do just like I go down in {X} store I look in {X} store I look up there I go inside {X}'s picture up on the wall. One of the best friends I ever had. Interviewer: yeah. Say that 748: {X} Interviewer: yeah. Say uh say there was a the teacher came in the room and the children were all in the room and somebody had made a funny picture on the door they'd say who she'd say who 748: well who drawed this mess up here on this wall Interviewer: okay. 748: that's what I'd say. Interviewer: Alright. now if you had to get a heavy piece of machinery somewhere you'd take a pulley maybe and you'd you'd put a rope around it and you'd you'd say you do a what 748: #1 you # Interviewer: #2 you # 748: you pulled it up Interviewer: ho- you uh 748: pulled it up or. Interviewer: hoist? 748: pull it pull it up or around it Interviewer: yeah you ever hear of heist something up? 748: yeah but heard of heist it up too I think they're about the same thing but I just say pull it up. Interviewer: okay. now um on a day like today you might look up in the sky and you might say boy I don't like the look of them black 748: them black clouds Interviewer: yeah it looks like it's going to be a #1 what kind of # 748: #2 be a storm # Interviewer: yeah what kind of day? 748: just say a stormy day. Interviewer: yeah a day like yesterday what kind of day did we have yesterday? 748: well a pleasant day. Interviewer: pleasant day? okay. now {NS} on a day when the sun's not out and the you know the the clouds are all in the sky and say it's rainy or something like that you say it's a it's a what kind of day? It's 748: well I just say this is a dreary day the way I'd say it Interviewer: dreary day okay and uh now you might say the weather's been nice and then the clouds start gathering and uh and the the the the clouds are getting thicker and thicker and uh you figure it might be going to rain or something and the wind might change directions and you say the weather is 748: changing Interviewer: the weather is what? 748: I just say the weather is changeable. Interviewer: changeable okay now then it's been cloudy and rainy and then the clouds pull away and the and the sun comes out you say uh the weather is 748: clearing up Interviewer: clearing up. okay uh now when you have a lot of rain and a little time 748: well Interviewer: #1 you say # 748: #2 uh # Interviewer: we had a regular 748: pouring rain I say well this is a rainy season I can't get to do much rainy season. Interviewer: you you see a friend having you say a well Mr. {X} I was out of town yesterday how was the weather here and you say woo boy we had a regular 748: yeah I say this #1 we had a pretty day out # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 748: I just say a pr a a pretty day and if it's a bad day I say well it's kind of a bad day today Interviewer: we're talking about a lot of rain yesterday you say boy we had a regular 748: well a regular rainy spell. Interviewer: a regular yesterday we had we had a regular what? A regular 748: we just had a pour down. Interviewer: pour down. okay any other names for it you might say? you might have a what a 748: well Interviewer: debt rain? or a 748: uh well Interviewer: a trash? 748: I just say a big rain that's all I say. Interviewer: yeah 748: a trash lifter. Interviewer: trash lifter? 748: that's right. Interviewer: fog strangler? Interviewer: now if you had a lot of {NW} with you know you say you had a what 748: well thunders. Interviewer: what if you had a lot of popping and 748: lightning. Interviewer: lightning with it you say you had a what kind you had a what 748: a lightning day Interviewer: a lightning day? 748: {NW} Interviewer: you had a 748: thunder and lightning that's all I know to say. Interviewer: if that was mixed in with the rain you say you had a what? 748: well I call it a well I just say all I know is just say just a Interviewer: l 748: really Interviewer: l 748: electric day Interviewer: electric 748: day Interviewer: electric day? electric day? 748: yeah. Interviewer: electric storm? 748: yeah we could say electric storm or whatever you want to call it. Interviewer: Do you ever get any bad winds here? 748: get what? Interviewer: get any bad winds here? 748: bad winds. Sure there's some pretty bad winds here. Interviewer: has it ever done any damage? 748: what? Interviewer: ever done any damage to you? 748: no I've never been {X} damage from the wind. Biggest thing ever I had maybe just blow a few sha- uh blow a few tins over the house I've never had no bad wind here Interviewer: they did what? 748: I've never had no bad wind here to blow the whole house down or nothing like that maybe maybe just blow a few little cover over tin cover over the house at this place. since I've been here {D: in El Dorado.} Interviewer: When was that? The wind did what? It the wind 748: well I just said 748: well the it blowed the blowed some of the top off of my house. That's all I can say. {D: Little damage.} Interviewer: yeah but I bet that it's probably has back in the past it has really come through and has probably you might say in the past the wind has 748: had changed. Or it ain't like it used to be or something like that. Interviewer: It has what? It has bl- uh. It has bl- talking about the wind blowing you say in the past it has today's not a not a bad windy day but in the past it has 748: well uh I just say uh more severe or something like that is what I know to say. Interviewer: it has what? Bl- 748: no no bl-- something like that Interviewer: It is blow 748: {NW} Interviewer: what in the past? It has blowed a lot harder? 748: Well all I know is just say well the hard winds since this day they ain't blowing so hard. Interviewer: yeah but in in the past it has 748: in the past all the other words I've seen it worse than this. Interviewer: it has what? It has 748: uh blow more more worse than this that's all I know to say Interviewer: okay. now if the wind is coming that way you say the wind 748: well if wind's coming from that way I just well the wind is coming from the south. South wind. Interviewer: okay. uh if it's coming from 748: well I say west wind or east wind or north wind. {NW} Interviewer: okay. or what if it's coming between the south and the west? #1 you say # 748: #2 northeast and southeast # or something like that or uh uh northeast or southwest southeast or southwest Interviewer: okay um now if it's raining but it's not raining very hard you say you're just having a what 748: a light rain that's all I say Interviewer: what kind of rain is good for the farmers? 748: well just a medium rain. Interviewer: well what's 748: a washer with just a just a just a just a steady rain {X} Interviewer: just a {NW} just a 748: steady just a steady little pour down. I would Interviewer: shower? 748: {NW} washer something like that not {X} just a medium rain. Interviewer: We didn't have a bad rain to today we just had a what 748: well we had a Interviewer: we were supposed to have a few 748: today but we have a not a pleasant day but we didn't have a bad rain today I just say a little rain and then we had a bad rain. {NS} Interviewer: yeah. you ever been going down the road and you just got kind of a kind of a tight rain that just barely even stays on you it's just kind of a a what? just a little what? {NS} 748: {NW} you mean rain? Interviewer: yeah just a it's not a rain at all really it's just a 748: little bit. well it's a a got a little damp and that rain Interviewer: we're just having a little what 748: {NW} 748: I just say we had a little rain uh Interviewer: we had a little mist uh 748: yeah a mist yeah well say that too but I've seen what we call mist now Interviewer: yeah 748: mist and rain. it's a little fine mist Interviewer: have you ever uh have you ever got up in the morning maybe and looked out and outside would be a the you couldn't see you'd say there was a 748: fog a fog a yeah fog yeah Interviewer: you say there was a what over the land? 748: well I just say a fog over the land that's all I know to say Interviewer: okay. now {D: Mister BT if you go a few weeks without rain} you say you're having a what? 748: well we're having a dry {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 748: #2 Dry spell. # Interviewer: {NW} um now the wind has been very gentle. So it's been just kind of just breezy blowing 748: just say well it's calmed down now. Interviewer: yeah. But it it the wind was calm and now it's what it's 748: right done picked up again {NW} Interviewer: picked up okay uh now you might say there was a white coating on the ground last night it got cold enough to kill the tomatoes and everything you say we had a what 748: a frost. Interviewer: frost? 748: I say we had a frost Interviewer: uh and it got so cold the lake did what 748: froze over Interviewer: yeah. but by the time I got out there had it had already the lake had already what 748: just {X} melted Interviewer: it had done done done froze? 748: {D: well froze or melting to get uh sometimes well I} {NS} sometimes froze and sometimes you see it again it's done melted up again {NS} warming up to melt down Interviewer: yeah 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 keep # okay can I get you to count to twenty for me? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Count to twenty for me. 748: Count to twenty? Interviewer: yeah. 748: oh one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen twenty. Interviewer: okay. uh now um the number after twenty six is 748: after twenty six is uh is twenty seven. Interviewer: okay. after twenty nine is 748: thirty. Interviewer: thirty nine? 748: forty. Interviewer: uh {NS} okay sixty nine 748: seventy. Interviewer: ninety nine 748: a hundred. Interviewer: okay ten times a hundred is 748: a thousand. Interviewer: okay. Ten times one hundred thousand is 748: a million. Interviewer: okay. that's pretty good now if there are a bunch of men standing in line the man at the head of the line is the what man he's the 748: well I well I wouldn't know what to say but he's the head man. Interviewer: the fir the say he's the what man the the first and then comes the 748: second Interviewer: and then comes 748: third fourth fifth sixth seventh #1 till the line fades out. # Interviewer: #2 after the seventh # 748: till the line fades out Interviewer: well after the seventh comes the 748: oh after the seven comes the eight. Interviewer: and then the 748: and after eight comes the ninth Interviewer: and then 748: after the ninth the tenth. Interviewer: okay. Interviewer: uh now sometimes you feel your good luck comes uh just a little at a time but your bad luck comes 748: well Interviewer: when does your bad luck come? oh it just comes all 748: well good luck and bad luck. Interviewer: your bad luck comes all 748: well the bad luck comes um Interviewer: seems like it comes all 748: well sometimes it looks like it comes all the time and sometimes it Interviewer: #1 all at once? # 748: #2 bad luck or it # all at once or so often or something like that Interviewer: okay now now this year maybe you say you got twenty bushels of tomatoes. And then last year you only got ten bushels of tomatoes. So uh this year's crop was 748: well you said five of that before the five less Interviewer: say say you got ten bushels of tomatoes last year 748: {NW} Interviewer: and you got twenty bushels 748: well I just got got ten bushels more. Interviewer: okay so you got how much as 748: twenty. Interviewer: so you got you got this year's crop was 748: better than last year's I'd say Interviewer: how much better? twi- 748: well it it {X} Interviewer: it was twi- it was what 748: more profitable well that's all I know to say Interviewer: when? 748: this year {X} last. Interviewer: okay. If you got ten last year and you got twenty this year you say you got 748: well if I got ten this year and I got well I didn't as good of luck this year as I had last year Interviewer: no you got okay let's say you got twenty this year and you got ten last year so you got how much is much this year 748: well if I got twenty this year and ten last year I just say well I got more this year than I did last year I got twenty this year Interviewer: how how much is much you'd say you got twi- 748: what? Interviewer: you got how much is much? Twi- 748: oh I say twice as much. Sometimes I have went for and said three times as much. Interviewer: okay. now can you give me the months of the year? 748: yeah. January February March April May June July August September and September October November December Interviewer: okay. 748: {X} Interviewer: can you name the um when you meet somebody early in the morning I mean early about eleven o clock in the daytime what do you say to them? 748: well {X} any any anywhere before twelve o clock I'll say good morning. Interviewer: okay. 748: anytime after twelve o clock I say good evening. Interviewer: okay. would you ever say somebody say you're leaving somebody's house maybe after supper? What would you say to them? 748: good night. Interviewer: good night okay. Can you name the days of the week for me? 748: sure I can. Jan uh Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday and Sunday. Interviewer: they say honor the what day and keep it holy? 748: the sabbath day. The seventh day. Interviewer: okay. um now on the farm if you want to be a good farmer you gotta start work before before when? 748: well {NW} it depends on that now. You've got to {NW} Interviewer: #1 say it's # 748: #2 well # I'll just have to put it this way have to have the pathway before the time comes. Interviewer: #1 if # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: if you start work before daylight you say we're starting work before 748: well starting work Interviewer: #1 before when? # 748: #2 just # just starting work before day. Interviewer: before sun 748: before sun up. Interviewer: and we worked till sun 748: sundown I have done that. Interviewer: okay. {NW} {NS} um {NS} now you might say uh when did uh we saw the sun we were out in the field and we saw the sun 748: set. I've seen that after the sun set Interviewer: or we saw the sun 748: sun rise. Interviewer: okay. Or you might say we were a little late this morning by the time we got out in the field the sun had 748: sun went up. It went up. Interviewer: The sun had already 748: already risen. Interviewer: sun had already risen. uh now today is Wednesday right? 748: that's right Interviewer: so Tuesday was 748: yesterday Interviewer: and Thursday will be 748: tomorrow. Interviewer: okay if somebody came on Sunday the last Sunday uh to visit your house you say they came when? 748: well they came last Sunday well so and so visited last Sunday. Interviewer: and if and what if he came a week earlier than last Sunday? 748: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 he # 748: come the week I'd say the Sunday before that. Interviewer: or Sunday week? 748: well you come early I mean you come earlier you said you come last Sunday and then you come Interviewer: you came here when? Sunday week? 748: Sunday week ago. Interviewer: okay. 748: and uh then they begin to {X} and then I might say then again I might say well they came here Sunday was two weeks ago. Interviewer: yeah. now if he's going to leave next Sunday 748: well Interviewer: what if he's going to leave a week beyond Sunday would be what? 748: well I just say he leave uh next week. Interviewer: or Sunday 748: next week out next week is all I know to say. Interviewer: and somebody stays at your house from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed a what 748: he he he just it's been half a month Interviewer: he stayed a 748: all I know just say a half a month {NW} sometimes I say oh uh two weeks ain't quite half a month. Interviewer: yeah. 748: I might say say two weeks I might say say #1 fourteen days # Interviewer: #2 fortnight? # a fortnight? 748: yeah. I never say that a fortnight. Interviewer: okay. now if you want to know the time of day you ask somebody what do you ask them? 748: well I want to know what time it is what time is it? Interviewer: okay. or you might go up to somebody in the street and ask them anything else? uh what anything else you might ask them? 748: well the street Interviewer: yeah. What time? 748: well I might ask well what time is such and such thing happening or what time does I'm supposed to be such and such place what time such and such going to take place I might ask Interviewer: okay or you may have missed a speech somebody had and you say what #1 what would you ask somebody? # 748: #2 I would say # well what what street is this or I missed my I missed my {X} I missed #1 I'm on the wrong street I missed I missed # Interviewer: #2 or # 748: I missed the street I ought to take #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 now say # say somebody gave a speech or something like that and you you didn't hear the speech you might you weren't there somebody else was there and you were asking them about it you might say well what 748: were they talking about? or talk subject? Interviewer: yeah talking about what this guy said you'd say what what a 748: oh I know just say what what if you some say well well what was the subject? or what was the speech about? Interviewer: talking about what the guy said what would you ask somebody? 748: well Interviewer: what all did he say? 748: well I might say yeah what all did he say Interviewer: okay 748: course that depends you know. Interviewer: okay. okay. now um {NS} if you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing this for for what? for 748: well I just say well I've been doing this for a long time Interviewer: for quite 748: uh quite a while I might say. Interviewer: quite a while. 748: them them two ways. Interviewer: #1 yeah. # 748: #2 for # the same name. Interviewer: if something happened on this day last year you say it happened exactly #1 say # 748: #2 well I just say # well this happened the same exactly the same day it did last year! Interviewer: or it happened when? Exactly a 748: when well I'd say exactly the same way it did last year Interviewer: yeah Interviewer: say um something happened in in March last year when would you say it happened? 748: well if something happened in March last year I'd say well this happened last year in March. Interviewer: and compared to now you say it happened a year 748: well I'd say a year ago. Interviewer: okay. a year ago. Alright. uh now um if somebody if you were asking about a people people who had been in a party or in a church say you didn't get to go to church and they had an important meeting and you wanted to know you you'd ask 748: what was going on or in other words tell me about that now. Interviewer: or who was there you'd ask somebody 748: well I might ask well so and so {X} or so and so {X} something like that Interviewer: okay or who uh who all 748: I'd ask just that who all was there I'd say Interviewer: #1 who all was there okay # 748: #2 I wanted to know # Interviewer: uh now if if somebody's been at a party and started to leave you might ask them uh where are a bunch of people were leaving you might say where are 748: well I I'd just say where are we going or why well maybe say why are you leaving so early Interviewer: where y'all going or? 748: oh where you going or why you're leaving so early? Interviewer: okay um and uh something uh if something belongs to me you say 748: I just say that's yours Interviewer: okay if it's if it belongs to both of us 748: that's ours Interviewer: if it belongs to to them 748: well that's theirs Interviewer: if it's belongs to him 748: that's his Interviewer: and her? 748: to her Interviewer: okay. belongs it's hers huh? now uh say you were suggesting a possibility somebody was suggesting a possibility of doing something with you and you might say uh well I'm not sure but I 748: oh oh I I could say well I'll tell you who might do it but I'll just tell you who might do it I'll think to {X} about it I'm I'm not going to promise for sure I'll do it but I'll be here to do it Interviewer: uh somebody ask you say go to town tomorrow. And you might say well I think I'm going to be busy. I don't know whether I can but I I what I I 748: I say well I will if I can get to it uh maybe uh I have I will {X} Interviewer: yeah 748: I said uh if something's gonna happen Interviewer: I I might I what I would you say I might 748: well I Interviewer: might what? 748: might go Interviewer: uh somebody ask you about being able to to put up a fence you might say I'm not sure but I 748: well I just well I just tell them I'll try that's what I Interviewer: yeah to guess if they suggested the possibility of of doing something for you say well I'm not sure but I 748: well Interviewer: I what I 748: well I think I can that's all I'd say I I can't I I I won't promise you but I think I can Interviewer: I might 748: I might can Interviewer: might can okay. um somebody asks you to do something you might say no matter how many times you ask me to do that I 748: well Interviewer: will he do it no I 748: I will do it or I won't do it Interviewer: I won't do it okay um and you might say you're not doing what you 748: promised to do what you said you would Interviewer: or somebody 748: or what you ought to do Interviewer: what you ought to do. Okay um if a boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he he what he 748: {D: How you'd fix that?} Interviewer: He got a whipping he say #1 you must have done something # 748: #2 he went and got a whipping # he must have done some mischief Interviewer: done something he ought 748: ought not to do I I mischief is the same thing mischief or something uh Interviewer: okay 748: or you ought not to done. Interviewer: now you might say that somebody I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you and I'll bet you you you what 748: well {NW} well you I say I bet you see {D: your hands or something like that course now I believe in the hands} but uh everybody can't see hands Interviewer: yeah 748: and uh so he said want to go out there tell him go on cause I haven't been to a grave been to a graveyard at night and I didn't see no hands. Interviewer: yeah. 748: passed by a graveyard tonight. two graves {D: all coming in} coming over this little {X} up there on that whatever those stools that had a like I tell you about they was gonna give that land to them he sold his land around that {X}? there {X}{D: there's a road right through the graveyard in other words there's {D: road over} {D: there's road} on this side going that on that side and I went along there several nights and I ain't see nothing. Interviewer: yeah but most people what they 748: well a lot of folks see something and {X} once in a while I don't hear folks talking about seeing spirits and all that but they used to I don't know what {X} I don't know I mean I can't {X}{D: answer can't comment} Interviewer: talking about going through the graveyard you'd say they did what they 748: well I say Interviewer: you might dare to but they they were dare they would 748: well if they went through the graveyard they just went through it. Interviewer: they would they they what you were dared to go through it but they 748: well I wouldn't know what to say there. Interviewer: they {D: dafted} they dare not? {D: or they dafted} 748: well they da- uh they or or I say they they just wouldn't go. that's all I Interviewer: they dare not do it? 748: yeah well I say they {NW} I wouldn't say they dare not do it because the reason I say wouldn't couldn't say I they dare not do it because uh I couldn't see if anything had hurt them or nothing like that {D: been in the harm in one course like that} Interviewer: they dared do it? 748: all all I could say well uh I say well they just I just say that they did it go in a Interviewer: okay. Well I enjoyed doing an interview with you I thank you for doing it with me. 748: {NW} oh I okay well and um I open to you again of course I've enjoyed some of it too of course it's a it took a lot of time where I want to do something else Interviewer: yeah 748: I spent a lot of time doing it but Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 {NW} # yeah but at the same time I enjoy siting down talking to you boy. Interviewer: yeah. I enjoyed it too. And I hope maybe that little bit of money I gave you can compensate you for something 748: I hope uh I enjoyed #1 talking # Interviewer: #2 I # I appreciate you doing it. 748: yeah I enjoyed talking to you Interviewer: {X} {NS} Now your full name is {NS} 748: {D: My name is Boysie} {D: I just put Boysie T, that's what I like} {X} {D: what's my last name?} That's what I like {X} Had my name all through that, while I worked {X} {D: Boysie T} {B} B O Y S I E T {B} {NS} Interviewer: What does the T stand for? 748: {D: Boysie T-} Thomas {D: Boysie Thomas} Interviewer: You were born here? 748: Yep, on up {D: Good ol' down} Actually in Union County Know when {D: that said} Eighteen hundred ninety-two Interviewer: In the state of? In the state of? 748: What's that? Interviewer: In the state of? The state. 748: Oh, Arkansas It was Arkansas Interviewer: Eighteen ninety-two, that would make you 748: Eighty-four years old {NS} Going on eighty-five {NS} Interviewer: Yes sir {NS} Where Where were you born, may I ask, mister? {B} 748: What's that? Interviewer: Where were you born? 748: Up the road and I just don't know, thereabout About seven mile north on the way home to {X} Interviewer: What was the nearest, uh Post? The nearest Where you got your, my letter from 748: Letter? Well I'll tell ya You grew up there, up there in the northern And I don't get {X} Or a {X} Used to get to Norphlet Now I get to go here Interviewer: So you were born in At Norphlet then? 748: So you can say Norphlet, you oughta put about two miles north Or west of Norphlet Write down {X} About two mile west of Norphlet. Interviewer: And your occupation? 748: Well my occupation of preference Farming, then I went to janitor work at the Marysville School A long time Then the Monsanto chemical plant Started work up there in forty one I reckon Working on the {D: H B D} Contractor Interviewer: Yes sir? 748: Then I went to went to work at a {D: cotton uh} plant, um Forty-three, Monsanto Chemical Interviewer: Can you tell me about the first house you lived in? 748: First house? {NW} Maybe come around here and let me see Interviewer: Did it have a fireplace? 748: Yeah First house I was there one winter First house I ever lived in was um Log house Fireplace Interviewer: How'd you How'd you fit those logs together? 748: I would just Knock your logs in there and And and and Put them down in Lay them up on one another and up lay them down Log house And and and and listen Log house and the cracks checked with mud now Had to keep the wind out {NW} Fact Log house, old log house And get them logs out Then you just Cut a little pinch on so it doesn't set up on down that get to be right on up {NS} Lay it down, log house Interviewer: And the fireplace 748: Got firewood in the fireplace Checked and um, that's right Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Checked them old log cracks with mud {NS} Interviewer: Yeah? You call this the 748: What's that? Interviewer: You call this the This right here 748: Oh that's the Fireplace ya might say or {NW} {X} That's a fireplace there Interviewer: Yeah, what is this this Front out here 748: Well that's just out there to keep Uh You ain't say there'd be more wood in it burning? Interviewer: #1 Yeah what do you call it? # 748: #2 Uh # What's that? Interviewer: What do you call it? 748: Oh {D: hearth} I call it Interviewer: Yeah? And this is the What is this here? 748: Well that's just a Might say a thingy but I don't know what you'd call it {NS} Interviewer: A what? 748: Uh Interviewer: This thing here that holds up 748: Like um Kind of a Shelf I would even I'd call it A shelf got things sitting up there Interviewer: Mantel? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Mantel shelf? 748: See things sitting up there? Interviewer: Uh-huh Mantel shelf? 748: Yeah yeah go ahead Interviewer: Yeah What do you use to start a fire with? 748: Well tell you what'll start it, with fire {NS} Um We didn't have no matches Take clap rocks and beat them together with some cotton That's {X} When you kick up in there I've done that. Interviewer: #1 It'll # 748: #2 Clap # Rocks and beat them together, you you've seen You you you can be learning things, I know You've seen {D: phosphor.} Can't you You ever done it? I have Interviewer: You you you got that kinda wood that was light enough to Rich enough to Just #1 Light it # 748: #2 {X} # Pine, pine wood Pine and then like them splinters you see Pine you know Pine splinters I got some in yonder now Interviewer: When you got that going you'd put on a big 748: Yeah when I got that burning I'd just put on a big Big batch, {D: it} Put more wood up there is on And then uh Stick some more pine on a that and You got a fire Interviewer: You have something you laid the logs across? 748: What's that? Interviewer: What were those things in the fireplace you laid the logs across? 748: Those are dog irons I got some in there now, dog irons Interviewer: {NW} 748: Now there's some in right now Dog irons, you called them Interviewer: Yeah And the smoke goes up through #1 The # 748: #2 Yeah go # right on up through that chimney Just so Interviewer: You had to clean out all the You ever have to clean that chimney out? 748: Well um No sir I haven't had to clean it out Once in a while I'm I have to do a little work down here In the front but These things you gotta keep Got gotta keep burned out Interviewer: What? 748: Up, your ashes you'll get smoke and things, or keep burned out of there. Interviewer: Oh that's a, a what? #1 What? # 748: #2 Smoke # Smoke all on it And on that outer, smoker, keep that out. Interviewer: What's all that black stuff that gets up in there? 748: That's smoke Soot Soot That's what I'd call it, soot. Interviewer: Yeah Uh huh And that's how y'all built fire? 748: That's how I built fire, yes sir. Built fires in the fireplace Put some wood up there on them dog irons Back of the iron and you took some lump Splinters Pine splinters And light them and stick them on there Interviewer: Uh huh When you got, you had to chop it didn't you, I bet #1 Tell # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Tell me all about the how'd you get it up How the wood, I'll bet that was 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 748: Oh how'd I get that wood? Sometime Take a axe and go cut it Cut it down and then you stack it, you cover it. Cut it down and stack them, cut them up into In in you in the Two and four foot Hunks {NS} {C: NS from 8:13 to 8:26} long {NS} Cut it in two and four foot, two and I I say two foot pieces Long, that long put them up and then bring them here for {X} How I got to cut down a tree Interviewer: Where would you keep the wood? 748: Well, just, we had a wood pile, just throw it out the front, yonder. It's a big, big pile of wood, throw it out the front where we kept it. We always kept mine Out to the front, just out there where I can get to it any when I want some Want some wood, just go out there and get it. Sometimes I'd have um Had {D: poles holed} there, listen And take my axe And chop down them pieces real nice Then I have sawed them, that wood in Two and um, say in two foot pieces With a hands-, with a crosscut saw. Interviewer: What color were them ashes? 748: What's that? Oh ashes would be Well about Real light color, they ain't be a they ain't Another wood {NS} We get about the color of top of that thing, now, they might have It's about that color. #1 But the ash would be # Interviewer: #2 White # White? {NS} 748: Look, if you want to call it white, then perhaps Interviewer: White ashes? 748: Yeah Interviewer: Now, all the stuff you have in the house is your This is all your 748: All mine Interviewer: All this stuff? 748: Yes sir Interviewer: You call this your 748: That's right Interviewer: #1 I'll tell ya # 748: #2 What # I'll tell ya something else, we cooked on the fireplace, we didn't have a stove Make a big fire in that fireplace now listen Make a big fire in that fireplace and that wood burn down into coals See? Interviewer: Yes sir 748: All that? We had a big skillet And a lid on it You understand that? You'd put them live coals Coals up on that skillet And baked potatoes, anything that you want to bake Now those things would get done Pull that pull them ashes about, out, dust all them ashes out Make a little corn corn or a corn meal up {D: Corn belt} Grab it up, stick it in that, and and And roast it We call that ash cake. {NW} Ash cake. Ash cake, cornbread. Interviewer: Yes sir. 748: Then we'd roast potatoes out of it. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I'm telling just about the way of doing it. Ash cake {C: NS in previous line} I don't know anything else on else about that, you understand how that going down? Interviewer: What sort of things did you have in a house, just #1 Sitting # 748: #2 What, what's that? # Interviewer: What sort of things did you have in a house to sit in? 748: Sit in? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well Imma tell you what we had We had um Some um wooden chairs I have seen, I mean wooden benches A plank And some pieces here on the side of it I know when I started here, I I had no, no uh Plan uh thing out there now, but I'm So we wouldn't shake or we'd just sit down on it Sometime we had chairs You know, chair would be Um Guess a Cane bottom chairs Sometime we um Uh Cut 'em into shucks Take shucks and pin 'em together, that's just you cushions Just you cushions wrap around there and make a chair. Make a, and keep wrapping around to make it go Interviewer: Corn shucks? 748: Corn shucks, yes sir Done that a million time Corn shucks. Just keep this, get your chair right there And start you on, let's roll you out a {D: wetted roll} Wet them shucks And roll them shucks together {D: dadgum} Roll some ones and roll just keep on yeah keep on going On on on Tie it up and get your chair Roll some across this away then turn it, some across that away. Interviewer: Something you uh Put your clothes in 748: Well Way up back then we didn't have 'em Til we hang 'em up side the wall Course now we got clothes to put I've lived in a house that didn't have no closet to put your clothes We just hang them up side the wall or over a chair On feet head down #1 Your dirty # Interviewer: #2 Well # 748: Your dirty clothes Um have a little box throw it in there Hang your clean clothes up Side the wall Nails up side the wall, you hang them up there Interviewer: Yeah Now something that has drawers in it? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Something that has drawers in it? 748: Not {NW} Wash and hang your clothes up side the wall just hang {NW} Drive a nail and hang them up there No drawers in it Interviewer: Yeah something that has drawers in it though, would you have them now? Do you have those things that have drawers in them? 748: Well I have had Dresser, an old dresser, an old time dresser, yeah Interviewer: Yes sir Uh And what about those big ones that stand up real tall, maybe and You can hang your clothes up in them they're They're not built in they're just a piece of the, you can move them around 748: Well, we call that a Um {D: Kitcheneir, nail 'em together} It's what you call it And uh I we didn't have none of that, no We didn't Interviewer: It wouldn't have, if you didn't have a built in closet, this was another kind of thing 748: {NW} Built, built in closet Didn't have a built in closet In the house I lived in a long time As I told you, nothing too Had some clothes, just hang them up side the wall Just nail a nail in then hang them up. Interviewer: Yeah 748: That's all. Interviewer: Did you have anything with drawers in it that you'd put your clothes in? Uh or hang them up in? 748: No, just hang them up side the wall Not way back yonder, I'm talking about in my boyhood days, I lived boyhood days Interviewer: Yeah 748: Course you know it's time for growing and developing, developing, had some, made some Interviewer: What? 748: Well uh Interviewer: #1 When you # 748: #2 Made, made # Closets Hang them up here Your trousers, hang them up here Interviewer: You ever here of an armoire? 748: Huh, how you say it? Interviewer: Armor? 748: Armoire Interviewer: Or a wardrobe? 748: Wardrobe? Yeah I have had them, yeah wardrobe, I told you, we called it Yeah after I grew up in them Good old Interviewer: Yeah Now, that's a 748: Studio couch, we call it Interviewer: Um {NW} Now the couch and the chair and the That and all this, you call this a You call this all your Your your what? 748: Might say living room furnishings, or what you want to call it Interviewer: This is a 748: This table and all this stuff in there, you know, keep it in the living room, that's all I know how to call it Interviewer: This is your living room? 748: That's a bed room Interviewer: Yeah Uh And that room in there 748: I call that the dining room Interviewer: And then, that one back? 748: The kitchen Interviewer: And that one? 748: That's another A bedroom down there and back yonder I got a little old uh Little old Uh just a little old kind of a Storage room Interviewer: Yeah 748: #1 See # Interviewer: #2 You # 748: You can see plumb through the house way back yonder Where I got them uh deep freeze everything in there. Interviewer: What do you keep back there? 748: What's, what's that? Interviewer: What do you keep back there in the storeroom? 748: I keep that Store room I'll tell you now um Interviewer: Um Yeah, yeah What do you call a lot of old worthless things that you're just about to throw away? 748: Well Imma tell ya Haul out old worthless things just about so week Sometime I Sometime old home made beds, I slept on home made beds, they just just take some things and make a bed Interviewer: What do you call that? 748: Bed, just make you, take you some things, make you a bed and You put some flat straws there Interviewer: On the floor? 748: Want to make it up high Oh you make your bed too I've had to make my, had, I've had home made beds too Put them flats across there up {X} And then Put your mattress on top of that and sleep Interviewer: Just a Yeah Would you ever just throw something on the floor and sleep on that? 748: Yes sir, I sure have Pallet we called it. {NW} Interviewer: Shakedown? 748: Yes sir, beds some down on the floor. And uh Get some cover, lay down and that's a pallet, we call them pallets Interviewer: You put your head on a What? 748: What's that? A pillow? Interviewer: Yeah, you see one that went All the way {NW} That went all the way across the bed? 748: I've called them, call them uh Bolster That's a pillow jacket Interviewer: A bolster went 748: Mm, bolster went from across the bed to pillow Just went farther {X} Interviewer: What would you put on a bed for warmth? 748: To get warm? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well I'll tell you I put quilts on there, blankets Quilts and blankets #1 Things like that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: All I had to put on there Interviewer: The fancy top cover you might put on the top of your bed, that's your 748: Now sometime we had a Used to have, they were called bedspreads We cover up the bed {X} I got a got a, just got a bedspread in there now On that bed Bedspread Interviewer: Yes sir Now um What do you call the little room 748: New room? Interviewer: Have you got a little room off to your kitchen where you might store 748: That's like, that little storage room back yonder I told you I had a storage room back yonder where I deep freeze things. Storage. Interviewer: Well maybe you might have a little room off to your kitchen Where you store canned goods or extra dishes or 748: Well I tell you Uh I got some, closet is all I got in there But I got some uh Some uh shelves and things where I Put my dishes and things in there Now I put other things in that bigger things in that Big old room way on back there where my deep freezer and everything is Storage room, anything else I want to put back there Take anything back in there And I got a little closet in there In that room, back room way back yonder Where I put things in Interviewer: Is it a kitchen closet? 748: That's right, the kitchen closet {NS} Interviewer: Um Now what would you be doing if you were sweeping the floor? 748: Well {NW} If I was sweeping I'd just go on and say I'm cleaning up the house. Interviewer: With a 748: Broom {NW} Or with a broom like that Now I tell you something else I've seen times we've had um Go into the woods you seen that stuff called uh I'll just show it to you, I'll try, broom sage? Get a bunch of that You see Tie it together You sweep with that, I've swept house with that, all I had to sweep with Broom sage {NW} Sweep the house Broom sage Get some of that out, broom sage out there now Interviewer: You keep the broom where? 748: Well I keep the broom in the closet Interviewer: Well right now it's where? 748: Well uh Course it's there behind that door now, but I keep it in the closet most times Interviewer: Um Now years ago on uh Monday women did their Remember, it was on Monday, was it on Monday when women did the 748: Laundry? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well some of them did and some of them didn't, they just did it any time during the week Interviewer: Yeah? 748: {NW} And I can tell you I'd have done that Interviewer: Did they do it all on the same day? I'm sorry go ahead 748: Did what? Interviewer: Did they do it all on the same day? 748: Yeah I said Do it all on the same, wash it, big string of Clothes, oh, big as you like and hang them up {X} Interviewer: Washed them in a what? 748: Wash in a Tub Used to have wooden tubs Take a barrel Saw it in two You got two tubs {X} Puts the water then you rinsed them thing, and then washed them up, half pan of water using a wash board And then We had {D: Bending} Blocks For your dirty clothes We layed them clothes on a on a, on a block And just beat 'em up. Have them wet to run and beat, {D: bab 'em good} Then when ya, then uh Boil 'em, put them in the pot {D: When the wash block in and} Boil them Then take them out and rinse them Then when ya rinse them, hang them out {X} Interviewer: Um {NS} Now, did you have a room up under the top of the house? 748: {NW} Uh Old house just like it didn't have no loft and I don't have no loft in this house Interviewer: You don't? {NS} 748: I mean nothing you could do, put up, you can get up in that loft all right but As far as keeping in things, showing things I don't store nothing up there Interviewer: Yeah The place you cook in 748: What's that? Interviewer: They used to have a place that you cooked in away from the house, didn't they? 748: Yes they did I tell you I had, used to have a little log house off from the house {NW} {X} Off of the main house Cooked in And I done told ya how they cooked now, c-c- uh Cooked I mean, at that one it got stove, but if we didn't have no stove Had to cook in the house Cause we had to cook on the fireplace In the summer time when it got hot Weather We cooked outdoors Made a big fire outdoors We burned some ashes You could roast anything in it And uh burn down some coals, you take that old skillet, that portable skillet with a lid Put a Set it up there, put, let it place Place a little coals on it Then put some, set, put your bread in there, cake or whatever you want Then put that lid on top of there and put some coals live, oh uh Coals on it, hot coals on it, let it sit there and bake Interviewer: Yes sir 748: See, and we done that now in the summer time now In the winter time of course we done it, cooked it out Interviewer: Um Well Let's see, how did you get up, maybe In a two story house, how would you get up from the #1 First floor # 748: #2 Well # You see we had stairs And stairways Go up there And stairs like if I want to go in this house, up in this house, now I could go in that storage room, I got a little stairway I can just climb that one up and go on up in there. Interviewer: Would they have anything on the outside in some houses? 748: Well #1 Not # Interviewer: #2 Some houses # 748: Not to get inside, not to do nothing inside The only way you had a ladder on the outside was just when you want to go up on top of the house, maybe say You needed the top and uh Cover or something Interviewer: Have you ever seen something, that, you know, might somebody might have a bottom floor of their house and then {D: They have the top floor ridded out, they'd have an outside} Stair An outside place to get up? 748: Well, two story houses I've seen that That a way now to have a two story house, like have to stand outside to get up, I've seen that, yes sir I've never lived in one with it, but I've seen that, when ya have a two story house Then have a A a stairway built Start down here Go out there and go right on up To that next room, open the door and go on in {NS} I've seen houses thataway, never been in houses thataway, but I never did own one like that. Interviewer: Yeah Now you've got a Front Up out here Just outside the door and you Put chairs out there, and 748: Yes sir, said I've put chairs out there, one or two Been through some time, one of them is out there now Got chairs I want out there in the doh- time In the day time When it's warm enough Interviewer: Yeah 748: And um Course when it gets cooler I have to come in the house Interviewer: Have you got a back Have you got anything out back? 748: Back? Interviewer: Yeah, like this 748: You mean, no, I don't have a back porch They used to have, back porch, I got a little back hall, of course, back there Interviewer: Back hall? 748: Yeah, a little hallway Got a little room on that side and one on that Just you go out that door there Little hole {NW} Now door down end go on out the door Interviewer: Yeah? Is it covered, the hall? 748: Well, yes sir, piece, it's uh built over it and the house together Interviewer: Oh I see Is that a breezeway, or a dogtrot? 748: A what? Interviewer: You ever hear of a Now then Out in the back, do you have a place out in the back where you step down? 748: Cut down? Interviewer: Step down 748: Oh yes, steps, yeah steps, that's right Interviewer: Yeah 748: Yeah steps to go up and down the steps, yes sir Interviewer: You call that the back 748: Back steps or front steps I have them on the back and front, you know Interviewer: Back stoop? 748: I've got front steps out there now {NS} Back there I don't need no back step because it's right down to the ground, all I've got to do is step down to the ground Interviewer: Is it covered? 748: Uh Well It's, it's built over in that house there, it it uh Just step out on the ground, it ain't covered, you just step out there Step out that Step out that {X} Interviewer: Yeah 748: If it rains, you'll sure get wet No I ain't got no cover over them steps back there No I've only a little platform back there Got no cover on them steps out there Interviewer: If the door was open and you didn't want it that way you'd tell somebody to You'd ask them to If the door was open, and you didn't want it that way What would you do? 748: Nah it wouldn't If a door was open now I'd get, I want it standing right now Interviewer: #1 If you # 748: #2 Now # Interviewer: Didn't want it open you'd go over 748: Oh if I didn't want it open I'd shut it Interviewer: Yeah Um You, you know those things, sir, that go over a house like that To They They fit over the outside of your house What are they? 748: Well I'll tell you about that now Or well I know, we used to put I've known {D: pork and ribe} out some boards Long boards {X} And put 'em down the side of that I've got long pieces Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: My mother tell me all this Take that old, old thing and just Hit on down that thing She Interviewer: With a froe and a what? 748: Uh mattock mattock and a froe, yeah sorry {NW} Froe and mattock That's what you had uh boards to cover our house, yeah we used to cover Didn't have nothing to cover our way beyond what boards That's how we got the boards, you see {X} Cut you down a tree You got your tree cut down Split it up Pull it onto the house Then you see it's, it's set that And uh take that mattock And your froe and you uh have Froe and your ma- and uh a mattock and your froe And See House covered with boards {X} All old boards to cover this house with First time this {NW} House was covered it was covered with boards and I rolled boards all day One day for a white gentleman, lived here He got right down, this Was being built For him I rolled boards all day Yes sir Cypress boards here And you get um Good straight grain cypress, now the boards will lay straight and then Sometimes folks would get uh {D: Timber that wasn't straight grainage, you know} It'd be crooked but I tell you what, I've laid my, I've laid in my bed a lot of times in some of the houses I've been I could see the moon through the cracks {NW} {X} See the moon through the cracks. Interviewer: Up on the what? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You could see up through the 748: Oh up through the, up up through the roof of the house Didn't have no loft in it I've stayed in houses that didn't have no loft Now the thing about {NW} Uh Uh {D: Jar spool} And then them boards nailed on Corner up thataway And if it wasn't uh, if it wasn't straight boards A lot of times, as I said you could see the moon through the cracks And come the snow A blowing snow It would just blow in and I tell you what Um Folks didn't know that I understood cover now they could cover them cracks though up So that the water would always run the other way, it wouldn't run down in that crack See? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: Weren't no water running in there unless a wind come, now a wind come It blow in that just like wind would Wind blows in the crack now And then, come a blowing snow A blowing snow even with them boards covering the houses now Blowing snow, I've seen, I I get up and sweep snow Sweep the floor, get it {NW} Covered with snow, I I've slept in beds And uh Come a big snow Had to climb out of bed, had to shake the snow off the bed, to get get into bed Interviewer: #1 Um # 748: #2 Woke up # Interviewer: Now alongside the roof some people have those things that carry water off 748: I've got that, I've got a gutter out there, gutter they call that I've got a gutter on that house That side that house, that one right there It'll catch the water And run it back there and then I've got On down there and run it on all way on over down yonder Interviewer: Um Up on a house you have a Say You have a house and an L to the house And uh A place where Uh the two come together is a What? 748: Well where the two come together #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 When the # Water comes down 748: Water comes down, what do we call that, a {X} Did you hear me? {NS} {D: Sleeper} It pour on down thataway And them boards, whatever you like to call that Just like I got out there now And uh In that You you have cut them to make them fit, though, to do that And then uh the water comes down Through that {D: shit it} come It just run right on off Down that and all through that just like that is out there {NS} Interviewer: Yeah Do you have a place outside for storing your stove wood? 748: I got a little one, yeah, I got a little storage room out there Interviewer: What do you call that? 748: Well I just call it a {NW} Call it a junk house, all I call it Interviewer: You keep what out there? 748: Well I keep my ply strings when I was plying Keep my hoes and shovels and things like that Interviewer: It's a junk house? 748: Junk house, aye that's right, junk house Axe and everything I want to put now in that junk house, I I just put it, go to that junkhouse then I get it Interviewer: Have you got running water? 748: Yes, I got running water now How I used to get water, I'll tell you how I used to get water Dug well A bored well Two ways, uh Two ways a for well A dug well, a bored well I can show you out there now, I can show you a b- a dug well out there now, I got water in it I can show you where I had a bored well And where I had the bored well {NS} You bore them well And uh You cover them with about seven inch Plank, it take About four pieces of plank, nail 'em together Stick them down in that well You see Bore some holes in the bottom of it The water will run in there And then uh Just keep on up 'til you get Keep on uh adding to it, adding to it, 'til it come on out the top Bored well was We used to do bored wells the same we just bored well to get to the um Dug well we used to used to make it as a square place I mean that's Dig the well square You'd make a square box thing like To put down in there Course now round well, I've seen round wells cut uh dug got to be too c- You can take a round, round well, covered with boards, planks, Same way you do that You uh You just You have to saw the end of them planks So they'll fit a little bit kinda that a way Little bit on there keep on that going around Nailed together Had to cut a little edge in that plank, little edge so them planks would Would crook just out {NW} Then just keep on {NW} Til you got to come on round And uh You make you a curve, a curve that a way A round well curve and not a plank {X} {NS} Both ways work but If your well was dug round you could dig you a round well curve and not a plank And if it was a square well You could make you a square, uh make you a Uh uh uh with cribbing With plank Scrap Saw your plank longer than you want it And you say maybe take Take take out two or four or something Keep a nail them up, nail them up pretty good on up to the top Interviewer: What do you call outdoor toilets? 748: Outdoor toilets. {NW} Well I remember going What they only just call them a, a breeze toilet So I don't call, I mean we used to have one here, before I had, before I got running water. Uh We had to go in outdoor restrooms I never called it, we just said a toilet outdoors Interviewer: Other names? Joking words? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Any joking names folks had for them? 748: Yeah You mean uh When you went to go down you You uh you had a little house You made a little house, with a shack And Made you a little plank thing around and sat around it and um {NS} On the little top build it up, and put your little top thatch to it Top over it Then cut you some little holes Cut you some big holes I mean So a boy could sit on it when his bowels would act You see? And um And then have it up off the, on the back now, on the back side Didn't have it Count on that sewer, want it to break out When they go back down just Break out by it Interviewer: Yeah Now you live in a 748: This is what you call a box type house This ain't a log house, this is a box type house Interviewer: #1 Did you # 748: #2 Frame a # Frame house Cause frame building up Another with a frame building up, this ain't a box house A frame will not box house {NS} Um Say I take After you got your foundation laid Then you put your Stud it around like you want Then you cut some plank, long as you want it to go from top to bottom, see? Wide plank And then how you stop that Then you add some nail planks Nailed with them holes In the cracks They keep the weather out That's what you call a box t- Box type house See? Just Up that a way just lay, just lay it a little less Nail them planks up Up that a way up Now you got your frame made up Nail them planks up there. When you got your planks around then you get you some, some more narrow pieces Where your planks come together {C: Noise in previous line} You take a piece of wood {NS} Interviewer: What do you call them? 748: {NW} We just Interviewer: #1 Siding? # 748: #2 Um # I just Interviewer: #1 Siding? # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Weather board? 748: Yeah that's right {X} Interviewer: Um Now There are a couple of A couple of buildings Here around you 748: What's that? You had, there's a couple of buildings around me? Interviewer: Yeah 748: There's one, right up there And the other one, I ain't got none other one Not nobody living in Closed that road there Say about two hundred yards, though Interviewer: Yeah There's some up on the On the hill there, aren't there? 748: Up there on? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Oh there's several, yes there's some up there, I was just talking about close by Yes there's some close, across that bank's there now Across that bank There's one, there's three or four houses Up there Where you just, way up yonder Before you get up to that store, anyhow Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Now I don't mean up on where that's uh Where they got that uh {D: Center got a place cut out there on Whitehouse} Interviewer: What uh What kind of buildings do you have on the farm? 748: Buildings? Well just have uh nothing but an old log Building We built them log, just build them out of log, just cut you some log And you cut Cut a little trench in there Lay it down to where it's, to where it's Til it just lay down thataways, see that? Come on up, and you got it built up Put a top of wood get you some uh Joist {X} Nail them together Up on top of that You uncover it See Interviewer: What's it used for? 748: Well you, you put, we'd put cotton, corn, anything we wanted You know Interviewer: The building where you store corn is a 748: Well that's right, store corn Store corn in it, store corn Cotton anything, I put cotton in with corn Interviewer: You Put cotton in where? 748: Put cotton in that building Take care of it 'til you got to wait to haul it to the gin Corn put in it Using it, now the building's help We had {NW} had it up {X} Interviewer: Corn Put them in a 748: Nothing, just take that corn you haul out the field Interviewer: In a crib? 748: Just throw it in that crib. Stay out there 'til you used it up Corn crib, we call corn cribs. A cotton house Interviewer: Did you have a, did you ever eat oats or anything? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Oats? 748: I've never ate oats. Interviewer: W- where was a uh place where you might store grain? 748: Grain? Well Imma tell you Um we don't have no, no {X} Grain around here, we don't have no place, now the only thing I know is, well I stored Uh In the way of grain was corn Interviewer: Wheat? 748: I've never seen no wheat, never grow no wheat around here I've never seen no wheat But one time I, now I've seen some rice, one time, growed here at In Union County at about Four or five miles north of here Interviewer: Mm 748: And how that rice that grew here up And it cut that rice down I was living on the man's farm Tie it together And the way he got it, Or where he got it, Oh he'd whip it out, just take it there, {NW} Whip it over something Interviewer: So they were doing what? 748: Whip it over a barrel, and catch it too, whip it over a #1 Barrel, {X} # Interviewer: #2 Thrashing it? # 748: How some mans catch it Interviewer: #1 Thrashing it? # 748: #2 In, in a # Box, whipped in there Interviewer: Yeah Rice is Thrashed, or? 748: We made baskets, we had baskets now, but that's Baskets to pick cotton in, put cotton in when you pick it. If you want to Use a basket for the corn, just go out there and pick it up, basket full of corn. Stick it on the shoulder {X} Interviewer: Now, the upper part of the barn is the 748: Loft. Loft, and you put fodder up there. {NW} Interviewer: Would you store, would you store hay anywhere else in the barn #1 Or # 748: #2 What's that? # Interviewer: Would you store hay anywhere else, or? 748: Well, there's uh I'd always just try to make my barn Big enough, enough barn, big enough to ha- hold my stuff, see. Then I'd just make me another place out where the one I have is Interviewer: How would you keep it outside if you couldn't get it all in the barn? 748: Well I've never tried to keep none outside I always put it in that barn, I guess Interviewer: How'd you keep it in the barn? 748: Just put it in there I guess Tote it there, I haul it where I want, throw it in there. Interviewer: Was it bundled or? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Was it tied up or bundled, or? 748: Well I tell you, corn wasn't tied up, corn you know you put it all together, that's all you have Batch full of, basket {X} Now fodder Put that fodder over them stalls You tie that fodder up in bundles You see? Put it up there and you can feed your horse fodder Interviewer: Well what about hay? 748: Well uh If you had some hay you could put it in the barn too But I've never grown no hay Interviewer: Yeah 748: {NS} Go out there, just go out there in that field All the {D: crop's} ready to {D: peel} {NS} Interviewer: How'd you store it? 748: Well, store it in the barn if you want to keep it, you know {NS} Store it in the barn Interviewer: #1 Bundled up or # 748: #2 Keep it # Bundled up, hay, if you want to keep it Bundled up and if you want to keep it so you can use it as you get to it, I mean use a bundle or two, feed your horse some {X} {NS} Interviewer: When they cut rice they sho- they put it in what? 748: Well when they cut, that man up there now, he He uh he just cut his rice Just whipped it out and stored it out there in the little house he had down so I don't know what Nothing else about it, I don't know Interviewer: You ever see wheat? 748: Never seen no wheat growing Interviewer: Well when they grow it, they cut it in Put it in bundles or 748: Yes sir, wheat, you cut it and grow it in bundles, but I've never seen no wheat do it #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: Anything you do it {X} You cut your corn Interviewer: {D: You ever see a stook?} 748: Cotton Interviewer: Shock? 748: And uh Potatoes and things like that's about all we raised around here Interviewer: Yeah Did you ever see hay left out in the field? 748: Yes sir Interviewer: They'd break it up into what? 748: Well I tell you what I've seen hay left out in the field now They break it up in great big piles, shovel great big piles And then uh Have a stake there See? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: And take that hay And just keep piling it around that stake, just keep piling it around that stake {X} Got way up there Then we made what we call a cap Took some Maybe some grass Tie it together And slip it down over that And uh Hat over that hole what you put it up on Slip it down over that and see that grass Done that a way After on, after on the water all {NS} Stick it one in right down in hay Interviewer: What was a hay cap? 748: Yeah, hay cap Interviewer: Did you ever see any that were covered, maybe had four poles and a sliding roof on it? 748: See what? Interviewer: You ever see any covered hay stacks? 748: No I never seen one Sure haven't Interviewer: Where do you keep your cows? 748: Well we keep the kine Just keep them in the pasture Fenced up I have fenced them with rails Have fenced them with wire Now what rail, with rail fence like around {X} We just, {NW} Have a big Have a farm, just a big old farm And uh Split them rails And just build a fence, build That a way, that a way, that a way, just Go on around the farm Interviewer: They didn't go straight? #1 Did they? # 748: #2 No then you # You couldn't, you couldn't build them straight so you had to have lay them this way and that a way and that a way Interviewer: They were zi- uh 748: That a way I keep them from {X} Zig zagging all around the farm Whenever you They'd stay there and won't a thing that bother it unless {NW} I've seen storms come now Though they bring it down, what you can't help Interviewer: Would you ever just put it kind of low to save wood and then have a Maybe an extension up on the top of the rails? Or something like that? 748: No sir just, normally just the rails, that's all, just Interviewer: What kind of wire? 748: Well, when it come to wire We just bought this common fence wire and {NS} Put some around then Some barbed wire, we'd call it Just stretch that up there too, you know, we keep the things in Interviewer: And you'd dig a, dig holes for the 748: But I'm talking about I mean you had to put poles, you know Interviewer: Yeah 748: Dig a hole and put your pole, stick poles in the ground Nail that wire on them posts And uh Interviewer: How'd you dig them? 748: With posts? Well I'll tell you, with the pole had to get a wooden cover Interviewer: Yeah, but you dug them with a 748: {NW} Wood and put up Now listen you got a wooden cover Then You had to take a post-hole digger Push that in and dig a hole To set that post down in See? Dig a hole, set that post down in that And uh You could nail your wire onto anything you want Gates, you know I've seen plenty gates, you know Regular old Wooden posts Mounted up there and got a homemade gate Made out of wood And uh And Have some hinges to put on it And uh Uh shut that You could just uh Open that gate, shut it back, open that gate, shut it but now another thing I have seen times we have bars, what you call bars Instead of having a gate you know, you have your You have uh You cut your You have your Your post, your post made so You cut some little gaps in it Then Put that on And nail some over it, in the gaps Then you slip a Plank up and down In that board, don't you see, slip a Slip a plank up and down where it want to go in that and then slip them Plank back Get, when you get out But just slip that plank back in there the way you had it That's what we call bars now That's what we call bars {NS} Wooden bars Interviewer: Yeah Did you have a place where, how your, a way your cows could get Your cows could then get down to the field? 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Down to the # 748: Yes sir that's a fence, we have a fence to make them down To the field If you want to make a field And so they'd come back more than a couple, build, build a Two uh two way lane I made uh two straight fences A lane One to go down, and come back up Down, we call that a lane Down the lane Interviewer: Yeah In the Now {NW} Your cattle, did they uh The place where you kept them would, did you have a place they could get under when it rained? 748: Well yes sir Have a little old cow barn, fixing to make us a place out there I had no barn at that, torn down that house now, no And uh so if the rain and lightning come in, you know, in the barn Interviewer: #1 And where'd your horses # 748: #2 On, on the # Shed I mean Interviewer: Where'd your horses go? 748: Horse? The same thing about the horses A place for the horse to Horse shed, they can make a shed for the horses, want to Keep them from getting rained on and everything Make a stall they can go in, you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: Shut him up in that stall, if you want Interviewer: Yeah 748: {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever have a place where you'd milk the cows outside? 748: Yes sir Got to have cows out there I have in my little barn, I just have a, in my Where you're out right there now, where I had a fence, but {D: old} {X} {D: over there} Nothing but a cow pen The cow pen, build it with rails or plank or whatever you had by And uh Let your cows in and out A gate to let your cows in and out Gate to let your calves in and out Interviewer: Where'd you keep your hogs and pigs? 748: Hogs and pigs? Well you Didn't have no place to store the pigs, we didn't have that {X} Way they gone they just Got out there in the woods and made them a bed You know, a bed out of straw Interviewer: You let them stay out on the 748: They stay out there I've seen the hogs make a You know a big pile of straw Straw bed, crawl up under that straw when it's cold Interviewer: Did people used to keep their milk and butter, where'd they keep that? Their milk and butter 748: Well I'll tell ya about that now To keep it The best place We had, best place I know to keep it In the summer time When it's hot weather We had these wells, we dug wells, you see And we'd put that milk in a bucket And let it down in that well To keep it cool Butter or anything, we'd get ready to draw it up and use it Now in the winter time all you had to do was set around the kitchen But I'm talking about summer time, now that's the way we kept it cool Let it down in the well Interviewer: When When you wanted some you just went over and 748: Uh when you when you want it when you Say it's some milk Well I want some milk Go out there to my well, got a well, it just go out there get it with that rope and pull that Bucket up Get what I want out of it If I want it all Empty it out and just have it to put some more in, if I don't want it all Pour what I want and then let it dangle down in there That'll keep it I've I have kept milk and butter, and it's so cool there on the way up Interviewer: Do you remember a trough near a stream Or near a branch, maybe? Where You'd set a jug or a crock of milk? And keep it, the water would keep Keep it cold, the water flowing through? 748: Well I haven't ever done that Haven't ever done that We'd have some good springs, now, we had springs around We had water and things but we never did Keep no milk in them, I never, no, I, these wherever I lived, I've never seen no milk kept in those springs The only place I see milk preserved in the summer time What let them down in old dug wells Let it down in old dug well If you didn't have no dug well Why No sense in it You knew that pretty quick it would sour in there Interviewer: How would it get? 748: You mean how milk Interviewer: Did it get what? 748: Sour Sour {X} Sour and when you get sour It would uh There'd be a setting in You had to pour the quart in The uh Top of it over, I don't get what you call it Interviewer: Clabber? 748: But anyhow uh and Sometime it's just a clabber, when it turned, milk would {NW} Turned We eat milk when it turned You'd be able to churn, you know Or you just pour it in your churn, then And you go We had these old churns {NW} Churn, when you got through churning Got some, butter comes Pour a little oil in there once in a while When the butter come, by just Take that Lid off Take that dash out of there Reach down in and take that butter up Interviewer: When you left your milk sitting out, thick sour milk that you'd keep around You'd call that 748: Well, sour milk when, when you got sour, you you can just Feed that to the hogs Have a trough Sometime trough Made two ways, sometime make them out of plank Then I have took a log And uh just Not cut plumb in it, you know, just keep a cut and cut and cut and cut cut up a long trench in it Make you a log trough I've seen them Log trough You could put water or anything in there Though sometime make a {C: Loud sound in previous line} Trough this a way Course you know a hollow tree Get you a na- hollow tree You cut you a piece off of that hollow tree, you see And you have nail you some boards on each end And cut out a Space in there so he can get in there, that's Keep water in there or you Keep or you feed your horse in there, you can Keep water in there If you fix them up {NS} Interviewer: Would you ever see some sort of barrel? 748: Barrel, yes Interviewer: #1 It was # 748: #2 Sir # Interviewer: Made out of a tree? Hollowed out of a 748: Well I'll tell you what Yes they're made out of um We used to buy flour in barrels, you know, made out of trees {X} Interviewer: What do they call that? 748: Just call it Oh well I know, they called it, uh A stave ma- I'll tell you, they made them barrels Made them, made them out of staves Interviewer: Yeah, did you ever see a gum? 748: Gum? Interviewer: A gum? You know what a gum was? 748: Mm I Interviewer: Well, it was just a hollowed out 748: Log or something? Yeah {NS} Interviewer: Well the barrels are, made them out of staves, right? What went around the staves? 748: Well I'll tell you what went around it {NS} Uh When you made that stave around that a way you just had to put your Uh Uh Some wire, something around there to hold it Interviewer: Metal hoop? Uh 748: A metal hook if you have a metal hook Interviewer: Metal what? 748: You know, a hook, you know, you could just slip down in there Interviewer: Around what? 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Them round things, you call them metal 748: Yeah Just slip it down over the top of it Interviewer: What? 748: Over the top of your barrel You make them get together and you just I mean you Might slip it on Down in there, keep it on down and slip it Another Piece about the middle of it, then up at the top Interviewer: The metal hook? Uh 748: The metal hook {NW} You had it Wire, something Interviewer: Um Did you Now where do you buy milk from now, uh a place where they, where they Raise a lot of milk cows now is called a 748: A dairy Milk dairy Interviewer: Mm-kay Did you have any, did you have anything like a dairy? 748: No sir I never had no dairy, I never, just had nothing but just Cows running around there in my pasture and then when they come up Milk 'em Go back Well then sometime Cows just run outside before the stock dog come in Interviewer: #1 You let them out # 748: #2 {X} # {NW} All you had to do You kee- You just have a fence to keep your calves in Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Had them before a stock dog come in Cows just run out all over the woods I've had some of the best cows I've had get killed They've had these cars coming in Interviewer: Where would you lead them grazing, just Anywhere? That you could You say you let them out on the what? 748: Well they um When uh When uh When we didn't have no stock dog {D: didn't know if that old} Old old gate to cowpen they were going out On up and what they wanted They would come up Come up the next morning, whether or not you see them, the come up the next morning Interviewer: How do you call them? 748: Sook sook sook {NW} Maybe That's all Interviewer: Sook And a calf, when you call a calf 748: Well sook-calf sook-calf sook-calf Interviewer: Sook-calf, sook-calf 748: That's right Interviewer: Yeah Uh Now the place around the barn where you might let the cows or mules or other animals walk around 748: They, that's right, when we had a barn, yeah that's right, let them walk around Interviewer: Walk around where? 748: Walk around the barn, they could walk around the barn, sometime we had Interviewer: What was the place they could walk around, you had a what? 748: Well, had to have a, uh uh, a horse {D: Lot} See, or a cow pen Now that'd be, we, we built that out of rails Before we got wire, around here Interviewer: Yeah You ever seen them little old fences that they build around a Your house, or a garden or something? 748: Well they call them um Um Yeah I've built Uh You ride you out some boards #1 Long boards # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # 748: In little long pieces As high as you want it You want to keep Get high enough so a chicken won't fly away Palings, yeah palings, yeah fence palings, that's right, {NS} yeah palings, we call 'em palings, that's right Call them palings, you just ride them scoundrels out And um {X} And then um Or we had lumber to do that, we just had to {X} A good big header piece Nail it on the porch head, nail it on the porch down in Then nail in pairs of these, start at one end, down down down, {D: going around} Interviewer: Would they Woven or they were nailed, right? 748: What's that? Interviewer: They were nailed, you you did what #1 You you # 748: #2 You nailed, no # Just nailed Interviewer: You had to 748: Take a hammer and nail them in there They'd stay up, nail them up there, they'd stay {NS} Interviewer: Um Were they sharpened at the end? 748: Well Interviewer: Or were they flat? 748: Well they were flat Course some people, you know, sharpened some The only thing people sharpened then maybe Have paling around uh, paling fence around their house I've seen pens Pens just around the house Interviewer: Picket? 748: Made out of pen, them pickets You see Now in the house, sometimes they'd sharpen them, you know Interviewer: Yeah 748: But just otherwise, just anywhere, just grab 'em by you Make it Interviewer: You grow cotton? 748: {NS} Not now, I have growed it Interviewer: Tell me about the work you did 748: What's that? Interviewer: Tell me about the work you did 748: About the work? Interviewer: Yeah Please, would you? 748: Well I'll tell you what I've sold cotton as low as Five and six cents A pound Interviewer: Mm 748: Then I've sold it, it's come in one year, we round that cotton up Fifteen, twenty, twenty-five cents a pound Know all I got, got to have a ticket to catch a gin, you know Pick your cotton and haul it to the gin Gin the seeds out You see They bale it up In bales And you take your cotton and sell it And I said I have sold some cotton When, way back yonder during the Panic Five and six cents a pound Interviewer: When you getting the cotton up out of the ground you say you When it comes up out of the ground, what do you have to do? 748: Well I'll tell you what you have to do, when it come up out of the ground Up out of the ground, got to go down and And uh work it out Keep the grass out of it Sometime we'd board it off So we could work it out Take a plow, going this, up and down the row with a Fork and a plow Board it cutting off Then take your hoes and go in there you see and chop it out Then you thin it out See? Alright? Then we could uh We have a sweep and a shovel {NS} Then Go in there want to sweep up with, what we call sweeping up cotton {D: then} Get, put a little shovel And a sweep on there Go up and down rows, you got to, go {X} Bring that {X} {NS} Cover up that little place Interviewer: Now about mid July Was when your cotton was 748: Well I tell you, we usually laid by cotton in store, long in July Then about September, last August got to go picking cotton Interviewer: Yeah What kind of grass would come up in your Field in your Cotton field? 748: Well more or less, we had, you know, used to call it, call, we called it cotton grass We didn't have much of a mood on stuff like that Back in them days like We called it crop grass, weeds That's the grass that I told you about I have seen pulled Pulled some of that And used it for hay Interviewer: Yeah Um Did uh Now Um The The type thing you break ground with in the spring Would be a what? 748: Well Um We had um We had to turn it around {X} Had old heavy plow get your horse fit now to break it, then have Georgia stock Put a ton plow on there And you break it that a way Interviewer: Did you have one #1 One # 748: #2 Big big # Beds now, you make bed with a ton plow Shovels you know, you just {X} Interviewer: The turning plow Interviewer: Mis- mister {B} The trenches cut by the plow are the 748: How you say it? Interviewer: The trenches cut by the plow 748: Plow? A shovel Interviewer: Are the what? 748: You mean a plow? Interviewer: Yeah you'd call them the what 748: Shovel, just a straight shovel Interviewer: Well you got your row, right? 748: Yeah that's right, then shovel you open the ground up And you make, you o- o- open your ground up and everything with the shovel Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 It's a it's a # Shovel made sort of like that Interviewer: Shovel makes a what? 748: It makes a furrow Interviewer: {NS} Yeah {NS} You mind if I turn the light on? 748: Yeah you can just turn that Interviewer: Um Well Uh When you, when you got your land opened up, did you use anything to break the ground up real fine? 748: Well I'll tell ya what When we, when we, You mean we cleared ground? In the woods clear, go, go and clear up a new ground? Interviewer: You did that? Yeah 748: {NW} That's all we got, that's all the way it just now on this Tell me growing up we had to clear it up, when we just cut down, cut that stuff down and burn it up Then see we had um We had a cutting coat That we put on that On our plow That's a hand axe, a hand axe shovel, you know Down to cut the roots Go on now, uh like now, out there now, clean up ground Uh Biggest thing I usually do, I have done Say we got cotton stalks in there, just go and knock the cotton stalks down low Then go and plow, we had corn stalks, and things go down and cut them down and pick 'em up and pile 'em up and move 'em out of the way Interviewer: When you go into the field late in spring, do you have a lot of leftover Did you ever raise hay? 748: No sir I ain't raised no hay Never raised no hay Interviewer: You'd know about how to raise it though, wouldn't you? 748: Oh yes sir, hay sir, yes {X} Uh out some good ground, just get out there and sow your hay and And uh Let that hay cue up, you know When it come time to cut it, you know, you can watch it Come time to cut it you can go down and just cut it Interviewer: Which How many times would you cut your hay? 748: Well, I'll tell ya that depends On the weather {X} He had a fay- f- a hay field And {NS} In August Get good seeding {X} Thing, it'll come out and grow again Maybe cut it again in September Interviewer: You ever get a 748: Second cutting of it And rake it up Bale it up, whatever you want to do with it Interviewer: Would you ever have something that might come up like {NS} Like a vegetable or something like that it might just come up You didn't plant it, it came up, uh 748: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Say # 748: I'll tell you about that, the biggest thing I know about something and a plant meaning trouble Stuff that we called a sassafras {NS} That stuff come up and poke the {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: You'd say it came up 748: Just come up out of the woods, uh I guess some grows out there Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 Sassafras # Interviewer: Now 748: That's about the only wild vegetal- vegetable I reckon I know that we ever Could get without planting But you wanna Without planting something The only kind of wild vegetable I could think of right now, is {NS} Interviewer: Yeah Well, something like You might, you might not plant tomatoes one year, they'd just come up 748: Well, I tell ya about tomatoes Oh uh Sometime they will, you know, if you you leave a lot of them Done got ripe and didn't use 'em and they've They didn't perish Sometimes, they Some of the seeds will come up the next spring. Interviewer: Yeah. You'd say they come up what 748: They're, they come up and you take them Interviewer: Volun- 748: Uh, take, just come up, let 'em {NW} Grass and mater Bean pole on the ground is All but if anything's lucky, they'll come up thick But when they come up all you gotta do 'em is Go out and thin 'em out Another way to pull up your {X} And set 'em out, here and there now {C: Noise in previous line} And mow Like sweet potatoes We always begged at sweet potatoes Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Taking a, take some seed potatoes and take some potatoes and uh And make a {NS} You got a little Trench Where it lies good Cover it up and and lay your potatoes in it, just lay 'em in there you know Then cover 'em up Well uh, when them taters Cover, we covered them sprouts where they come up And we wanna set 'em out We just go down and pull out some of that {NW} Pull out the little bits, the biggest ones pull and just keep on {X} Just pull 'em out, when you want to, you got All you want to sit out and start out Set 'em out in rows, about like that, you know? Work 'em good {NW} And then um when it comes to take a gathering time Why I've seen {X} Go down cut them vines Cause vines grow and cut them vines, you know, of course you couldn't plow in there And drag 'em all out of the way I have cut 'em and then take a horses now And and and And just as, plain shoveling, and go down the row and that, and they just Break up lovely and {NW} Drag 'em on out, out the way and then you plow your taters up Take that tongue plow then {X} Wherever they going And go there and plow them taters up You'll just p- On out the ground and you pick 'em up {NS} Interviewer: Would you ever have a crop come up Volun- uh Volunteer? 748: Well uh I've had some things grow up volunteer, now I've had I've have had um Few Irish potatoes come up volunteer You know, maybe, say you raise some Irish potatoes You go to get 'em Maybe leave few potatoes, good ol' taters in the ground, now, don't get 'em all out And uh Next Next spring I've seen some little potatoes come up there volunteer, something like that Interviewer: Um {NS} Well {NS} You know, what would you put a, in a hen's nest When you wanted her to, to lay? 748: {NW} Then make you a box of anything you want to trouble with and put you some straw in there Way we done it All I know Interviewer: Did you ever put something in there? Kind of a porcelain? 748: {D: Delpware} All we done, I tell ya all we done there is all I knowed about Interviewer: Wh- what did you say? 748: #1 All that I # Interviewer: #2 D- # 748: Knowed about just Interviewer: {D: Delpware}? 748: Make you some hen nests You can make 'em upside the wall, anything you want, take you some planks And put you some hen nests and then put some Cut a hole {NW} Cut you some {X} Then get some straw And put in there And the ol' hen will get in there and lay eggs Interviewer: Yeah? Did, did you say {D: delpware}? 748: What's that? Interviewer: {D: Delpware} You know what {D: delpware} is? 748: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: Delpware} # 748: You mean uh, mean uh, any kind of straw I'm talking about For them, for them hens? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well just make you a, a little ol' {NS} Hen nests Make you some hen nests, as you see And you can nail up, make up anywhere you want, if you wanna nail 'em upside the wall Make as many nests, this one go, hen go down and jump up in that nest and lay an egg now Interviewer: Would you ever put something in there? In the in the nest Like if you, you wanted 'em to lay, you'd put a round 748: No, no, they, I never did use {NS} Never did do that I've known folks that do this now, they would have an old rotten egg or something like that That uh Keep it in there no chance busted or something like that to put 'un- that's what we call a nest egg I've seen that done Interviewer: Yeah Now If you had a nice tea set you'd say it was your best What do you eat off of? 748: You mean In the kitchen? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well I just got a, got a uh Table in there, all I know Dining table or What do you call it, a what Interviewer: And you eat off of what? 748: Eat off of that table Put your soup, food up there Get you a chair or something up there and eat off of that table Interviewer: What do you eat with? You eat on 748: Well, sometimes When you Put a tablecloth, I've I've put the tablecloth on the table, I have done that Interviewer: Do you eat on the tablecloth 748: No we don't eat on the tablecloth, just put my, I put my food in a in a uh In a in a plate or something, and eat out of the plate Interviewer: Yeah? You call that plate your You say your best We're not gonna use our Our Regular, ordinary dishes today, we use my best 748: Yeah well I sometimes, we do have, you know, sometimes I have some dishes we say Might say saving for Sunday {NW} Interviewer: Up on the wall there is a what, that plate is made out of 748: Uh China? Interviewer: Yeah 748: That's what I call it, I dunno Interviewer: China Um Would you ever see an egg made out of that? 748: I've seen the eggs, I've got a little uh old uh I've got think I've an old egg in yon now there I don't know how come the chi- the children got it out regularly For uh Guessing you, I think think there's an egg in the kitchen now Interviewer: What is it? 748: Well all I know is just a kind of egg, of egg {X} Interviewer: What's it made out of? 748: Well I don't know, I don't know what they call it and any ain't even bothered to see {NW} But I think it's made out of something like uh Interviewer: China? 748: That's right Interviewer: So you say it's #1 A what # 748: #2 So it's # Same kind, it's just {X} Interviewer: Yeah? So it's a what, uh #1 You call it a # 748: #2 Well # Interviewer: Chi- uh What would you call it? 748: What? Interviewer: The egg 748: Well I just call it a egg, it's all I know to Interviewer: China egg? 748: China, wanna call it a China egg, or whatever you wanna call it {X} Interviewer: Um What do you use to carry water in? 748: Well I'll tell ya what we used to carry water, we used to carry water in water kegs Little old kegs and they'd Just about like that you see Round keg And um You pour your little, have a place to pour the water in, pour out Like I'll carry water and a handle to it I've carried water kegs and I've carried water in jugs Ole China jugs Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 You see # Interviewer: What would they have in the top of them? 748: Well, what's just a just uh um On a little stopper Interviewer: What was it made out of? 748: You see what they'd call that, cork stop, that'd be the only word I know {NS} Kept water in jugs and I've kept it in kegs Interviewer: Yeah In a keg would it have a kind of a thing on it that you could turn the water on with? 748: No All they have, ol' kegs um, you'd have to pull that cork out then And, and uh pull that on out That is, I'm talking about way back yonder Interviewer: Yeah 748: Going on up, later They made kegs thataway that they did have a little something to turn Interviewer: What did you call that? That had a what on it? 748: Corkscrew #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The water # Came out through the what? 748: {X} Cork Through that cork, you just stepped on there and catch the water Interviewer: Did you ever see one that you could screw? 748: Yeah I've seen that too Interviewer: What are they called? uh 748: Well that's the same thing but to just a different {X} See I've seen 'em just turn 'em off thataway and I've seen some Just open screw up then screw 'em down Interviewer: It's got a what to come out of, it's got a 748: What's that? Interviewer: It's got a uh something you can turn and the water will come out #1 Through the # 748: #2 Oh sure # Here'll be a little ol' spout, you know Have spout for it to come out, that's right #1 There's a spout # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: #1 For it to # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: Come out it won't be that way so you just spout you {NW} Spout to come out {X} Jug, anything you want Interviewer: Uh When you milked, what would you catch the milk in? 748: Well I just took a, a bucket I'd throw a tin bucket {NS} Tin bucket, you catch that and hold it down there and {NW} Get the milk Interviewer: What was it made out of? 748: Well it made out of tin All I know, all it {X} #1 Has it # Interviewer: #2 Is it # Narrow at the bottom and got 748: No, uh I've seen {NW} we used to buy lard buckets Buy buckets of lard Buck- I mean buckets of lard And use that lard out of there, you know, and take that bucket Just milked in that Interviewer: #1 Did you ever see # 748: #2 Course of course # Course I I've seen some of them them just buckets {D: called made just for that purpose} but I'm talking about What I come or what I've used Just a bucket Use a small bucket to milk the milk in then a bigger bucket when you get that full, pour it all in there {NW} Get the ol' cow milk Interviewer: Would one of 'em be made out of wood? 748: Of these buckets, now, no, not buckets, no, you know, not to milk a cow Interviewer: #1 Okay # 748: #2 Mm-mm # Mm-mm Interviewer: Um What sort of container Of bucket might you keep in the kitchen to keep scraps in, for the pigs? 748: Well I'd just call that a uh scrap can's all I'd call that Interviewer: Scrap can? 748: Mm Interviewer: {NW} Okay Have you uh Now something that, that's big and black And you might have out in the backyard To wash your clothes in, that's a what? 748: Big and black? Interviewer: Yeah it's a black 748: We got the washpot I guess all that I know Interviewer: Yeah? What do you boil water in? #1 Here # 748: #2 And # Boil water in that black, in that, is iron pot, boil the water in there Interviewer: Yeah? Have you got something that if you wanted to make some coffee or tea or something, you'd boil water in a what? 748: Well, I wanna make some water to keep it's the same away now If I ain't got none coffee pot I'll just have to boil it in a bucket 'til I can get the tea kettle Interviewer: Tea what? 748: Boil, boil it in a tea kettle Interviewer: Kettle? Um 748: Or a coffee pot, just some {D: tiny thing} little tin pot made you can boil coffee in, put some coffee in that water Interviewer: Yeah? Yeah? {NS} {NS} Now if you wanted some flowers you could use this as a what? {NS} 748: Well if I wanted some flowers and um to keep flowers in the house Interviewer: Yeah you'd use this as a 748: Well I'd use it as a vase Interviewer: Yeah {NS} You'd just go out and 748: I'd cut my flowers, put some water in there and stick 'em down in there Let it take that stuff out though Interviewer: Yeah {NS} Uh {NS} Now, when you're setting a table, what would you eat with? 748: Well {NW} Knife, fork, and spoon Interviewer: Yeah 748: And sometime I'd eat with my hands {NW} Interviewer: Do you have any different kind of Uh, cutting instruments? 748: Uh what? Interviewer: Cutting instruments 748: Cutting, yes sir #1 Butcher # Interviewer: #2 What do # 748: Knife Butcher knife, drawing knife Things like that Interviewer: What is a drawing knife? 748: Well a drawing knife is a Thing made out of iron now And there's It's got a crook on it, some handles on it, I got one out there right now But you wanna, and you could just take that thing you know, you wanna smooth something down, draw something down just Pull it down thataway Interviewer: #1 Uh # 748: #2 But it's # Made out of iron though, metal Interviewer: Yeah? 748: But they got, used to have wood handles, got little wood handles on it, I got one out there right now See, I can sharpen 'em , say I'm a plant it down or smooth something down Well I can just uh, take that drawing knife, you know, just These'll just cut you know, cause that blade it's fixed so One side where it cut to, cut one way Interviewer: Now, those kind of Ones that you had that would have a just a little blade on 'em, they're called 748: Well uh Interviewer: Might carry 'em around with you 748: Well uh Let me see {NW} A drawing knife and a Butcher knife and a Interviewer: You ever keep one in your pocket or 748: {NW} What's it called um Uh Wood knife, or something like that that you do #1 Cut # Interviewer: #2 Just a little # Pocket 748: The pocket you can When you wanna cut something you cut something, you wanna do a hole you do that Interviewer: Yeah But you have all sorts of Of what? 748: Well I got that one, them kind of knives, now I had one that had several different kind of blades on it Interviewer: Yeah 748: You could uh take that knife, pull it out, {D: use} a screw down on a cork and pull it out Then you could um pull that blade out, whittle with it Nothing on that, you know Sharp end, turn it around, you could bore with it Interviewer: How do you keep 'em sharp? 748: Well Well file, with a file, or else take a a a rock Uh uh what do you call it a grinding rock, it's a grinding rock, I got piece piece in there somewhere If file just get, get dull Sharpen Start a file {NW} Sharpen with a #1 File # Interviewer: #2 Do # A grinding rock? 748: You can, I mean a grinding rock, now, or well you can just, take a grinding rock, do that real sharp Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 {X} # Thataway Interviewer: Did you ever see one that would go around? 748: Well that's a big grind rock, you know? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 And then # Hone your Interviewer: You ever see those whet- uh 748: You know uh Interviewer: Whetrock? 748: Yeah, and uh you take a I've seen big grind rocks, you know, big, you know a {X} Now I wanna hone my axe I could hold my axe up there and just Round and round, see, hold it on and that'll hone Interviewer: {D: Did you ever see a, now folks who sharve with a sha- sh- who shave with a straight razor} 748: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 They'd use # A leather 748: I use a straight razor And uh, sometimes just use a leather strap See? {NS} Interviewer: Yeah? Um Well, now, you get your water now, you turn the water on it comes out of a what? 748: I I got a See, I got running water, I just turn the faucet And here the water come Interviewer: Yeah? Out in the yard, if you turn the water on it comes out of a 748: Well out in the yard I got a faucet out there, I have {NW} It's running water where I got {NW} Got a faucet down there and one up there Interviewer: Yeah 748: Just scoot your hose on down if I want to Kettle, want to warm a kettle water And I wanna just catch the water I open it up and set me down, down there to catch the water, now me get on up Cut it off Interviewer: Have you got a spigot of any kind? 748: A what? Interviewer: A spigot? Spicket? 748: #1 Mm # Interviewer: #2 You know what a # Spigot is? 748: Mm I don't know about what, I don't know I understand what that is Interviewer: Okay Never heard of a spigot {NS} When you {NS} When you wash your dishes Would you use a kind of a cloth or a rag to wash 'em with? 748: You wash your dishes, you see, wash 'em with a rag, way I do now Wash my dishes Interviewer: With a what? 748: With a dish rag Interviewer: #1 Okay # 748: #2 Soap # Water, dish rag Interviewer: Then you dry 'em with a 748: Well I dry 'em with a drying cloth Then sometimes I wanna, I just take a, taken a, put 'em in some And pour hot water on 'em, see? Pour hot water on 'em And they dry theyself Interviewer: Yeah? 748: What you call scalding your dishes Interviewer: When you're When you're in the bathroom and you wanna clean your face do you use a Uh Kind of a What, what would you use, just a little small 748: Well, sponge? Interviewer: Or you might use a kind of a cloth or a #1 Rag # 748: #2 I got a, I got a little # I call them the regular old uh Uh Interviewer: Wash 748: Washrags Interviewer: And when you're taking a a bath or something you use #1 A # 748: #2 {X} # Towel Your towel because I've take a towel and I wanna take a bath, you know, I can I can uh Wash all around and then go and wash my back {X} my back I just catch over one end of that towel thataway and saw it I tell you why we care so much {NS} Now my wife Now of course married, and We didn't have no stream, running water, and all that we had to use it is with a tub, a pan {NS} So, she had a black spot, right in the middle of her back I happen to see it, and I told her I had a do to keep that outta there Told her when she take a bath, have a long towel with she Told her that, then never did see that no more Course you couldn't reach it, you know Some, some places you know you just couldn't that's what I'm talking about Little, little spaces you just couldn't reach for that A rag get up in the back, now over there Little squat baby couldn't reach thataway But you take that towel and do thataway you can do it Interviewer: Um Now What did uh What did molasses come in when you used to buy it? 748: Well {NW} It'd come in kegs, big old kegs Interviewer: Or lard, what would that come in? 748: Well, it come in tin cans Interviewer: Call that a stand? 748: Yeah, I've seen can, I've seen lard cans hold fire grout and I've seen 'em hold Interviewer: #1 Lard # 748: #2 Can # Interviewer: Lard stand? 748: Yeah, and then uh I've seen lard come i-, lard in just in tin buckets Interviewer: If you had a barrel with a real narrow top You'd make you something, you'd call that a what? 748: A plumb? Interviewer: Yeah you'd make you a plumb? 748: Yeah, plumb Interviewer: To go down in there? 748: Yeah Interviewer: Uh Now, what did you drive your horses with when you were 748: Well, you ride a horse, you had a Put they in Well, just had a whip All I can tell ya #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: Have a whip so you could have Have lines on 'em then and you just hit 'em, tap on the whip, with the whip Interviewer: Yeah When, when you buy food at the store nowadays the grocer might put it in a What? 748: Well I'll tell you about that Like um, if I buy meats and it's the same just {NS} Come in them, there're, little Sausage thing I tell you what I do sometimes I Maybe I uh, I want to just tell you about that fish I go town sometimes I buy me a good big fish Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Well I'm not gonna eat all that fish at once You understand? Well I just take these bread sacks Uh they got little sacks that uh like you put, like you wanna store food in In your freezer You see? And just, I just Put me two, three pieces of that, two, three in there, pile 'em, then when I wanna cook Just get one of them, don't have to get the whole thing, won't have Don't have to thaw out the whole thing to get what I wanna cook Interviewer: What's it made out of? 748: {NW} I tell you something {NW} Made out some like that stuff, I reckon Interviewer: Yeah 748: And I, and these bread sacks {NW} I have got some fish in there on now, got just some of these I buy white bread Put some fish down in there Interviewer: Yeah Um Now When you buy things in a store you carry 'em home in a what? 748: Well, I have to carry 'em home in a, in a in a, in a paper bag Interviewer: Um Are there any different sizes of 'em? 748: I tried all sort of sizes, some little bitty ones, some great big ones Interviewer: What's a poke, you ever 748: What? Interviewer: You know what a paper poke was? 748: No I don't Interviewer: Okay 748: I've seen, I've got some Great big ol' bag, and I've seen you put a half bushel in there {X} In that, in that paper bag Got, bought some stuff today Just pile it in that bag and now go home Interviewer: How does sugar come packaged? 748: Well they come in, in in a paper packages Interviewer: Did uh a large quantity used to come 748: Well a large quantity used to come, way back yonder, come in barrels You go there, say I want a, you want a, I want a dollar worth of sugar they'd go and dig you up a Weigh out some of it Interviewer: They sold it 748: Yeah they sold it, I said, made you a barrel of sugar You went to a store and they had a barrel of sugar there And uh, you wanted Say you wanted a dollar's worth {NS} Dip you out there and put the thing and weigh it Interviewer: How much would that be? 748: How much we, it would be Interviewer: How much would a dollar's worth be? 748: Well I tell you that, and a dollar's worth Used to be a good big bit, now it ain't much {NW} Mighty little bit sometime get for a dollar now Or I tell you what I chew tobacco all the time, I've, I've seen um Uh Piece tobacco that I paid Thir- thirty-nine or forty cents for I used to get it for a dime That's the way I get 'em Interviewer: You used to could get it, now, you used to get it for what? 748: A piece of bacco I used to get for a dime I have to pay about forty, forty or forty-five cents for right now Interviewer: But you, you used to could get it for Ten? 748: That's right Interviewer: How much? 748: Ten cents Take snuff Little ol' box that, used to, we used to call knicker boxes of snuff But then knicker box snuff now cost you fifteen cents It's a big ol' box snuff Interviewer: Yeah Um did, did uh What was sugar used to come in, like fifty pounds of sugar? 748: Well as I told you, um Interviewer: Or flour 748: Well I tell ya it'd come in sacks Cotton sacks Interviewer: Did you ever see potatoes, or anything like that, what would they come in, or Or What would they ship feed in? 748: Well potatoes, they, they ship potatoes in sacks too, just put 'em in sacks Interviewer: Yes sir When you, when you were picking cotton, what kind of bag did you put it in? 748: Well usually I'd just take a, we used to buy a Oat sacks, we used to buy oats, ya know? And um In great big sacks Interviewer: What what was it made out of, it was a kind of #1 {X} # 748: #2 Yeah # I couldn't tell you just what that stuff's made out of Interviewer: Rum cloth? 748: Yeah, now another thing I have made 'em out of the {D: lord} take some {D: lord's} cloth Make a long, good sack Strap on it, and you pick and drag it all around They'll put Picked a home town thing, I have seen folks Them big ol' long sack kind of sack behind 'em Put maybe a hundred pounds cotton Full to the brim, too That's made out of {D: lord's} Cloth Interviewer: Out of what? 748: {D: Lord's} Cloth cloth cloth Interviewer: #1 Cloth? # 748: #2 {X} # {X} Cloth They call it {D: lord's} That's what we used to call it Interviewer: Um Now when you bought feed or something like that, what kind of sack would it come in? 748: I know corn, we call 'em corn sacks and them, and uh {NS} but it's But I can't tell you now just what, what it's made out of Interviewer: Yeah, and coffee, it would come in a 748: #1 What you say? # Interviewer: #2 Coffee or # Or Would you ever see a croker sack? 748: Yeah, croker sack, that's what I call it, that's what I'm talking about, croker sacks Interviewer: Now What would you call, maybe the amount of corn you'd take to mill at one time? 748: Well {NW} When I was a kid, used to carry sometime From a half bushel to a bushel Carry it to mill to get ground into meal Half a bushel of corn Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 Carry it to # The mill, they grind it into meal Interviewer: You wouldn't take a full load, you'd just take a 748: Well, I'd just take what, whatever, any amount I wanted Say if I wanted bushel, couple bushels at a time I'd just Shove a bushel corn cob And if I want a half bushel, just shove a half bushel corn cob Interviewer: Yeah? Like the grist? Uh 748: Well you see They go there and grind it, you had, you have to sift it to get their, get they Get the crust out it Have to sift the meal Interviewer: Um When you were, maybe when your mother was cooking And you were outside she'd yell for you to bring in a She'd say {D: She'd say, Boysie, bring me in a} A what of wood, how much wood would she have you bring? 748: Well I tell ya She, she'd, Come outside I need some wood in this fire pit, I'd just go out and get a armful Interviewer: Um Now When a new light burns out nowadays you have to put in a new 748: Bulb Put a new bulb, new bulb Interviewer: A new what? #1 Light # 748: #2 Bulb # Bulb, yeah, light bulb Interviewer: Yeah 748: We used to run a cord, you know Nobody got a coil lamp now, put you some c- got got a lamp Thing a coil in it Top on it and a wick Down in there Globe on it, ya see Interviewer: Yeah 748: And uh Don't tell uh tell ya what Uh We had a A light shortage here For a long time, something happened, freeze or something And I s-, and I, I I saved 'em all these coils lamps, I'm talking about, I didn't throw 'em away {NW} When it got dark there I'd just, had, got me up and went and got an oil lamp {NW} And um Put some c- oil in it, had me a light Tell ya the truth, it got to the place you couldn't light up a fire in a lamp in the elevator Folks board 'em up so That's the truth {NW} Board 'em up so it doesn't Doesn't {X} nothing {NW} When I got these I, told 'em just throw them things away, well I didn't throw 'em out, I saved 'em I got 'em I give my daughter a lamp She couldn't see in her washroom Coil lamp, I give it to her when she was here last year in July Tell ya Course say I got electric lights, well {NS} Electric um had electric Here out, but I I got a lamp I'd like to have someone made me, grab me a light just as soon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: Coil lamp Interviewer: Um Now What do you Hi- hit nails in with #1 You # 748: #2 A # Hammer Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Hammer Interviewer: Skors- some sort of carpenter tools you might keep around When you have a heavy load, you you Carry it around and these things had wheels on 'em 748: What's that? Interviewer: #1 {NS} {X} # 748: #2 {NS} Oh uh wheel # Wheelbarrow? Interviewer: Okay Um If you have a, tell me all about how you used to get into town when you were younger, what would you use? {NS} 748: {X} Interviewer: Yeah? #1 Well did you have a # 748: #2 Now well now # Listen Them long ones then I, then I have went horseback, you understand that? Ride a mule or a horse Then I went in a wagon Then I walked there a million times on my foot I've walked there over a million times back, a million times I walked, my church is here four miles now, I've walked to my church, I said A million times twice a day, go up there in the morning Sunday and come back Back then you'd say, walking {NS} That's right Interviewer: Have you ever had a car? 748: No sir I never did own a car Interviewer: #1 Uh # 748: #2 I tell ya I mean # I never did own a car Uh The main reason I didn't ever own a car Was this I have some blackouts Blackouts And my doctor told me, don't you drive no car, don't you climb up in that I don't have 'em bad now cause my doctor just uh Give me medicine that keeps 'em down, I don't know what, what is it but, blackout Interviewer: So you've never 748: Never drove a car, never owned one, see when, when I got to the place I Figured I'd buy me a car Sh- uh in shape that I thought I'd get me a car I have them blackouts, see my doctor done told me now, don't you drive no car and don't you clamber up on one Got to mean I ain't ever owned a car Didn't cause I couldn't have, but I got too weak Because um, I've been so ever since I was About eighteen years old I've been getting what I wanted with or without the money Interviewer: Um Well Talking about going into town Somebody would say they got in their car, they have done it how many times? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Talking about going into town, you might say I have often 748: Mm-hmm walked into town, yeah, a million times, and back Interviewer: #1 Well # 748: #2 Walked there and back # A million times Interviewer: Where- well you have walked, whereas most people have 748: Well, some of 'em had the convenience Back, way back yonder some of 'em had horses to ride and some of 'em had wagons to go in And all like that, and I've, and a mare or two, I've seen times I didn't have that Now they got the cars Interviewer: Yeah, you have walked, right? But most other people have Have what? They have 748: Well, most most people now got the cars {D: To go back to Folly} Interviewer: Yeah 748: In fact I went to Little Rock yesterday Little little little go I'm gone to see my son Interviewer: How how of-, how often have you Gone to Little Rock? 748: Oh I've been to Little Rock, I've been five or six times, I guess In my life Course I had some chil-, got children way on up there Interviewer: Yeah. You say you have what 748: I got a son that live up there Interviewer: You have dri- uh #1 You # 748: #2 I have {NW} # I have rode the bus And uh Then I went there and back with folks in cars I have rode the bus to Little, to Little Rock Interviewer: Or you have dri- have You've rode the bus or you've 748: Went with somebody in car Interviewer: Dri- 748: Went with somebody in a car #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You drive? # 748: No I went with a man yesterday Interviewer: And he 748: He done the driving He was going up there and I wanted to go up there and see my son, he said you can go with him, brother, {D: pay me} I went, I just sat back there in the back seat and looked Sat there in the back seat and listened, looked at 'em Up and down the road Interviewer: Yeah Um Now the parts of a wagon Can you give me some of the parts of a wagon, have you got a There's a long wooden piece between the horses 748: Long wooden piece between the horses Oh that, I don't know, unless, unless it's a wagon tongue, that's all I can think of But then a wagon, a wag- a tongue, you know Interviewer: Yeah? 748: That's all I Interviewer: When you get in a horse in between, backing into a buggy #1 You backing in # 748: #2 Well now listen # That's shaft Interviewer: Yeah 748: That's one horse Interviewer: #1 What # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What do you say to him? 748: {NW} Tell the horse get up Now a one horse wagon, a one horse buggy It had shafts you see Them shafts they are See they'd come up On the horse thataway, you'd have a harness you know That you'd fasten on there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: And uh, just go on in when ya When you had two horses A wagon It had a long tongue Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 And that # Tongue went up, from on up, to them horses' mouth Ya see? And uh, had singletrees And doubletrees back there on the wagon, ya see, and hooked on that That's what, and in the hor- and then hook in that bump {NS} line um a And leather lines, uh lines, to to gu- to gu- to guide 'em by Interviewer: What about the wheel? 748: Well the wheel was just always a Um All we all had is wooden wheels Interviewer: Yeah? Tell me about them 748: I ain't got none I don't have no {X} I don't have no wagon, I don't have no way of going down around except Uh Getting somebody cabbing Interviewer: What were them wheels like? 748: What they like? Interviewer: Yeah 748: They just round Interviewer: You had an inside, you had the #1 Hub # 748: #2 Leather line # Just round you know, and them wheels are round Then they had a, what you call a hub Had spokes coming into that hub And then up into that, edge of that wheel, you see Interviewer: Th- that they fed into the what? 748: That fed into the, that fed into that uh rim Interviewer: #1 Wooden? # 748: #2 All right? # All right? Interviewer: The wooden rim? 748: No They had uh Yeah wooden rim, that's right Interviewer: Okay and then #1 What # 748: #2 Now now now listen # Wooden rim doesn't have a A what they call a tied-in, a wooden or i- iron tie To go in it See? Interviewer: Mm-hmm You had to keep that In the, now in the summer sometimes, when it was hot #1 Weather # 748: #2 {X} # You had to keep it in the, in, out of the weather, then they'd It would get dry, you know, and start going to pieces Interviewer: What happened to the wood? The wood 748: And the wood uh would um dry Interviewer: #1 Yeah you take # 748: #2 Don't want it to dry out # But you could, I tell you what you do Come the rain, you know, it'd swell back up and tighten up or you could pour water on if you wanted Interviewer: When you put water back on it, it did 748: #1 Put put # Interviewer: #2 If it # 748: Plenty of water on it, though Interviewer: Yep 748: It'll, it'd cause it to swell up Tighten up Interviewer: Yeah Um {NS} Now, suppose there was a log in the road 748: Well it ch-, a log in the road, now what about it? Well I tell you, in a in a, and you in the wagon? Well I tell you what you do, tell ya {NW} Had to stop that wagon and get that log out of the way before you do it, unless it's a Very big log Had to get it out someway, then you couldn't go, then you had to turn around and go back Interviewer: You tied a rope to it and 748: Tie a rope to or else {NS} Cut it {NS} And and and get you a, a stick And uh Uh just keep on digging, in in and out of the way {NS} Yank it round out the way Interviewer: Tied a rope to it and #1 What # 748: #2 No don't have to # Tie no rope to it if you're gonna do that Nothing but just cut it in two and get you a pick or hoe or something Just run under that That log Pick up on it, let it, let it slip it away Run, and just keep on 'til you got it rolled over Interviewer: Yeah {NS} Or you might tie a rope around it #1 {X} # 748: #2 Well you # Could tie a rope around but i- But if you ain- but if you ain't got nothing to pull it And when you ain't got nothing but that Ya had, had to have a horse or something hitched #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Well # Say when you were out logging, you were 748: Logging Interviewer: Yeah #1 You'd tie the # 748: #2 Well # Interviewer: Rope to it and 748: No I didn't put no rope, chain Interviewer: #1 {X} # 748: #2 Put chains # In a in a, chains and grabs If you logging Take you a chain, long chain and have Some hook, grabber, grabs When you just, hook that grab around that log, you see That long chain 'til you haul it together, you gone Interviewer: And you did what, you you say you did what with the log? 748: {NW} If you wanna haul them logs, wanna get 'em out of the way now, wanna haul 'em to a mill or something Interviewer: Sure 748: You'd drag 'em up To your wagon where you wanna load 'em, then when you wanna load 'em you have you some skid pulls Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And put 'em up In there on, on the side of that wagon Interviewer: And then you did what, you 748: Well when you put 'em on the side of the wagon, you se- you go around the other side then Ya see And you hook your Take your chain And have that chain, you know, come by that way and drive that and that just Pull that log out on or right on up on top Interviewer: And you did what, you dr-, you 748: Well when you got up there now uh You take the chain down Interviewer: You'd dr- you'd Talking about dragging a log, you say 748: #1 Well ya # Interviewer: #2 I # Tied a rope to it and I 748: No not rope, tie chain to the rope, uh Interviewer: #1 I tied a chain to it # 748: #2 With uh with grabs # With grabs Interviewer: Yes sir 748: They had things you know you just {NW} Man that thing'd just grab a log and go on Interviewer: Yeah You say, I tied a A chain to it and 748: Yeah, you could say you Interviewer: I grabbed a chain 748: #1 Well that's right, that's, that's right, that's right # Interviewer: #2 And it, and it what, it gr- # Mm-hmm Um Now What do you call that X-shaped frame you might lay a board across? 748: What's that? Interviewer: An X-shaped frame you might lay a board across when you were sawing When you had to saw a board where would you put it? Say you're doing some carpentry work, where would you saw it? 748: Well, I tell ya if I was gonna saw a board Only way I know, have, did have a Uh Just lay the board down on something and, and put a weight on it, just saw it is all I know Interviewer: Yeah? #1 Did you ever see the things that were made # 748: #2 I have, I have, yeah I # I have seen things though, you, that uh, but I never did use one of 'em That uh {NW} You'd go thataway thataway And lay a plank up in thataway and saw it Interviewer: #1 What'd they call 'em? # 748: #2 I know, I know # Well they call 'em uh jacks Interviewer: Jacks? Were they X-shaped? 748: Yeah Interviewer: Did you ever see on that was A-shaped? And uh You might Uh You might use these now and uh, they'd have two A's and a and a board that fit between 'em That was a saw-what? 748: I never had no, no mm uh, or that, see I never did no carpentry work, I never did bought that {NW} Interviewer: Yeah Now Um You'd straighten your hair with a comb and a 748: Comb and a brush Interviewer: Say you take a brush and you'd 748: When it gets long I'd have it cut off {NW} Interviewer: Folks had a lot longer 748: What's that? Interviewer: Had a lot longer back in the old days, didn't they? 748: Well that's true, yeah way back Lot of folk done gone to wearing its that away now Interviewer: Have they? 748: You've seen folks {D: round now, hair that away all} on their face and everything, don't you? Interviewer: They got a what? 748: You just, a beards Long beards and all that stuff And uh, men going out around, hair way long like that shit But used to you didn't see that Men had to have cut off, with shaved face {NW} Now Now some of you men going around there now have on like that Interviewer: And you'd #1 Comb # 748: #2 All over their # All over their face you know, and all down down Interviewer: You comb your hair, you You, you br-, you You wanted a straighten you'd comb it or you'd 748: Maybe want it, when you'd comb it though, then you'd take a brush Interviewer: And you'd br- and you'd 748: Brush it, that'll have to, that'll straighten it out Interviewer: Yeah Um Now In a revolver you'd put what? 748: What you mean, now, about that? Interviewer: In, you know in a gun, or a #1 A pistol # 748: #2 Oh uh # Cartridges? Interviewer: Mm-kay 748: Just like you put shells in the shotgun, you know Interviewer: Yeah Well Now The ch- the playground equipment that children are play on That'd do this 748: Well it, some of 'em call 'em a Let's see, what they call them thing Interviewer: You ever have, z- 'em? 748: I know I know what you're talking about Interviewer: #1 One person'd get on one end # 748: #2 Well I know # I know, I'm I'm just thinking about trying Interviewer: Say you were 748: I'm trying to what t- k- think about what to call that now, I know, here I've plenty to know Interviewer: #1 Teeter # 748: #2 I get on one end # The other go go on up I'd jump up Can't think now what Interviewer: #1 Teeter-totter, or # 748: #2 What they what they call it # I just can't think what they call it Interviewer: See- 748: See-saw, there you Interviewer: You'd get on it and you'd say you were doing what, you were 748: Well if you get on it, you just having fun's all I know Interviewer: Um Now What about one Did you ever see those, mister, uh Mister {B} That were anchored in the middle, maybe? And they'd go around and round? 748: They call them uh {D: Whirlwigs} Interviewer: Whirl- 748: #1 {D: Whirlwigs} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Whirliwigs} # Now you might tie one to a tree and you'd 748: Well, that's a swing Interviewer: Yeah? {NS} Or you might pit- you might do, you might Did you have that game you'd play, you'd {D: Put a couple of stobs} And you'd Toss things at 'em, you, you'd say you were doing what, you were 748: Well um Interviewer: {D: Try and get closest to the stob} 748: Yeah well Interviewer: You'd take them and What would you say you were doing? You ever hear of that game? 748: No I don't think so Interviewer: You'd use these, these came off a horse's feet 748: That's a horseshoe, they call Horseshoes? Interviewer: Yeah You ever play that game? You ever play a game? 748: Yeah, yeah I have, yeah I have, similar yes Interviewer: What was the game? 748: Well you just I don't know what you call it now but I sure have played it a little bit in my life #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yep # 748: Horseshoe out there now {NW} Interviewer: Can you remember any other games you played when you were young? 748: Do what? Interviewer: Other games you played when you were 748: Well listen now I played in a jumble, just Just old plain baseball and marbles and uh Uh that's about the biggest thing because I never did uh Play no checkers and things like that Biggest thing now I played was Marbles and baseball Marbles and baseball Course I've seen them other kind of game played, but not that I've played Interviewer: Any games folks would play at night? 748: Basketball Interviewer: Games you might play at night or anything like that? 748: At night? Interviewer: Bunch of kids would get together and 748: Well I don't mm Don't remember nothing Interviewer: One'd be it You'd play Try and get the others, anything like that, hide and 748: Have played hide and seek, I've played that now Interviewer: #1 Tell, tell me about that # 748: #2 Hide and seek # Well hide and seek is um Is uh Listen, there you Make a lad got his eyes shut and they then the others go and hide {NS} {NW} And they others, then they'd just get and they'd go seek him out and find where it at Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Hide and seek Interviewer: Did you have a place you could get back to and you'd be safe? 748: Be safe? Interviewer: Yeah, you'd call that the 748: A hide and seek? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 Well sometimes # You know, but Put and just play hide and seek, just run out there in the bushes or anywhere else And uh and you had to hunt until you found him Interviewer: Any other kind of games you might play? 748: No I don't remember nothing about no games I've played that I can come up with As I told you, marbles and baseball Interviewer: Yeah What about them things people'd play in their mouth? 748: Harps? They had two kinds, a harp and a Jew's harp Interviewer: Yeah? 748: A Jew's harp, put it in, them things surely make could make good music, I love them Man uh put them things, yeah put in your mouth and on hold and just And they kinda {NW} That's that now they call it a Jew's harp Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And others, you know, there's a blowing harp you {X} Interviewer: What did you do with that? 748: Well they just blow 'em, just Uh just just just blow it 'til you actually find Fine and coarse side to it, you know If you wanted playing a song, you know You just um Turn thataway, maybe over to the to the right side {NW} To to to one side, that's what was the fine music, if you wanna Uh little coarser just turn a little {NW} Interviewer: Mouth harp? French harp? 748: Uh these are I mean a harp {D: Not actually in the string} It had notes in it Interviewer: Yeah {NW} Um Did you, did you ever have a container for coal? That you might keep near the stove or the fireplace? 748: No never did have no container, I often Took it out the only That way I can See the {X} just Pile the wood out on the porch When I got ready for it just go out there and get some more Interviewer: Yeah? What runs from the stove To the chimney? 748: Stove to the chimney? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well the pipe Stove pipe Interviewer: Okay What's the flue? Is that 748: Well the flue is a thing built to to s- to to Um To stick a pipe in off a stove In that flue, brick flue Then that'll got the smoke on up there Interviewer: Yeah? Did you ever use maybe a Put coal in a bottle? 748: #1 A what? # Interviewer: #2 Then you might # Stuff a rag in the top of that and you make a what? 748: Put coal in the bottle and do what now? Interviewer: When you had to go out at night #1 And you didn't have a # 748: #2 Oh well # Interviewer: When you didn't have a lantern #1 {D: Ring} # 748: #2 Well I # Tell ya I've ev- I've seen that done but I never did do it I never used one of them lantern or torchlight Interviewer: A what? 748: Torchlight, from cracked pine, find you some cracked pine, you know, just And man you can go anywhere you want with that {X} I can remember when Folks used to Uh Um Go, go bird thrashing Clear up a big new ground, big old heaps built up around it For them bush, you know Them birds would go in them heaps rest, roost And I've seen, when, I have done that, go there and shake that bush, at night Have torches you know, big torchlight Them bird fly, catch 'em up and down Interviewer: {NW} 748: Torchlight Interviewer: What kind of bird? 748: Pine, just rich pine, then I seen folks Maybe you wanna go somewhere Same thing, didn't have a lantern, get him a torch light, he's going Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Give him some cracked pine Interviewer: Yeah If something is squeaking Uh like, what did you used to put on a wagon wheel? 748: Well a- axle grease Interviewer: Yeah 748: Axle we called it axle grease Interviewer: Yeah you took that grease and you 748: Just take that wheel {NW} Pull it off that little bit And put a little of that paste Paste that wheel on that {NW} See and then and stick it back then in that Interviewer: What'd you do, you 748: Well you had to take it a-, take it, say you had Unscrew it Interviewer: And you did what, you gr- 748: Well you unscrew it then when you unscrew it you pull it off a little bit, not plumb off Then put you some of that axle grease on there Have a little packet And slip it back on there and put that cap back on there or the wheel'll run off Interviewer: Yeah? You say you did what, you You gr- you You did what to the wheel? 748: Well Uh the wheel that went to squeaking, put some axle grease on it Interviewer: Yeah, you say you 748: Screwed Had had to unscrew that tap On the end of it, thataway And flip that wheel out a little bit, and put that a- a- that axle grease on that and it's Flip back and then put that cap back on there Interviewer: Yeah Okay I, I what, I I did what to my car, I did, I What to my 748: Well I just say I I I greased my wagon Interviewer: Okay 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And I got my hands all # 748: Well if I got my hands on there I went and washed 'em Interviewer: They were all what? 748: All dirty, filled it up, and I went and cleaned 'em up with some soap and water Interviewer: Yeah if you got grease all over your hands 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # They were all 748: Mm-hmm, same thing got Interviewer: They're all what, grea- 748: All greased up Interviewer: Greasy? 748: Grease, and sometimes, why I've seen greased Get on that, you have them Be able to take a little, take black grease, some of this, take coal and rub all it in Interviewer: Yeah 748: {NS} Interviewer: You know, some people don't like to eat certain foods that are fried in oil because they say they're too They claim they're too what, too 748: Too fat? Interviewer: Too gr- too 748: Too greasy, or fat, or something like that? Interviewer: Greasy? Yeah {NS} Um Now Uh {NS} Do you like to fish? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You like to fish? 748: Like to fish? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well I never could catch no fish much, I went a little bit and caught a few, didn't even bite my rope I don't know how come, I've seen men fishing Folks just catching just Jack a bunch in and then {X} I have some white friends That I went to fishing with 'em and last time I remember going with them We went to a place called uh Grand Mill Lake We got in a boat And they're just a-pulling {X} The man and his wife both spoke the same time, I got a nickname, called me Man Man, hand me that pole there I ain't telling, say what they done They took Got hook and line off that pole They put another hook and line on that pole, with a with a cork on it On that line, you see Then they baited that hook with a minnow And said now, we was catching crawfish with that Don't jack 'em now, they mouth {X} And I gone pulled 'em out, don't know who done the motor good, me or him I mean my white friend I just {NW} Just reached just down there Interviewer: #1 You # 748: #2 {X} # When they pulled the cork under said just left him out Don't jack it Interviewer: You commenced to pull him out? 748: Jack him, don't jack him, tear his mouth on them, them crawfishes will His mouth tender Jack other fish, who jacking with Crawfish, catch 'em with With mild temper Some folk call 'em white perch Interviewer: What kind of boat were you in? 748: Just in a, well we was in a Little metal boat Paddle boat Interviewer: What do they call that? 748: All I know just a Just a runabout boat's only way I know Interviewer: Yeah You ever seen them boats that were narrow at the Pointed at the front? 748: Well that's true, I've seen another Interviewer: #1 Look # 748: #2 I've seen # I've seen homemade boats, you know, made thataway Interviewer: What do they call 'em? Jon? 748: Yeah just made, Jon Interviewer: Jon boats? 748: Yeah, that's all I've Interviewer: What about the real narrow ones? Uh 748: Well uh Interviewer: A pirogue or a 748: Yeah that's right, a rake Interviewer: A backhoe, you ever hear? Never heard of them, okay Now When you first get in a boat, you say you're doing what, you're gonna 748: Well uh, when you first get in a boat you need to sit down Interviewer: And somebody does what to it? 748: Then the next time, when the next thing you wanna do Is you do you have a paddle, a long paddle Interviewer: How do you get out? 748: Well I tell you, when you put the paddle, it's in, you just push Off from the bank, and that paddle and paddle where you want then when you want to come back Just paddle up to that then Paddle up to the where you want to get out at Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And stop the boat And just come on out Interviewer: You ever built a boat? 748: Ever what? Interviewer: Built a boat? 748: Been in a boat Interviewer: Built 748: No I never built one, but I've, I've never seen one built but I've seen boats that have been built Interviewer: Now You may have just built a boat and you're gonna do what, you say you're gonna Put it in the water for the first time 748: Well Interviewer: You say you're doing what, you're 748: Well you Interviewer: Lau- 748: Well the thing you put in the water for the first time, you putting that into The the the swell up so it won't in Interviewer: You're launch 748: That's the same thing I guess, and then uh Interviewer: Launching the boat? 748: Yeah Interviewer: You know what it means to launch? 748: No I don't think Interviewer: Mm Yeah But uh Now, did you ever like to go swimming? 748: I've been in the water, played in the water all I done it when I was a kid more than a little bit but I never did learn, never did learn how to swim I've played in water, but I didn't learn how to sw- Ought to have but I didn't I've been out all day long Course I was a boy living about these folks and To tell you the truth, me and I've been out All day long playing with six, seven, eight, or ten white boys, I was the only black boy in the bunch {NW} They could swim real neat, I never just learned how to swim I don't know how come I didn't but I didn't Interviewer: If a boy wanted to get across the river he Ran up to the edge and he 748: Well if a boy, if one wanted to get across now, he went and got a boat or something Why Another boy, if if he could swim, if he could swim he just went down and swim across You can't swim across, there's another thing Uh Sometime I've seen times where I've had, I, in other words I've had 'em help me across Them that could swim, them that could, and well they'd just lead me across Interviewer: Yeah Well you say a boy went up to the edge of the water and he He did what, he 748: Well with the boat now you just push your boat and pull your You you you paddle {C: Noise in previous line} You paddle your boat, paddle your boat on up And that The other way when you paddle a boat to the edge, you know Uh let it run up on the ground, like Course now when you're going off, the boat have to be down in the water, you see Though you want to stop and paddle that boat Til the point to where it'll kinda run up on the edge of this bank And come out the end Then when you wanna go Why you just take your paddle Push on this side, that side and make you push it on up, push it on out into the water {NS} Interviewer: Yeah Okay if the boy had to swim across the lake You'd say he went up to the Side of the 748: Well I tell you, if one If one had to swim across that's the only way, he just got in there and swum, that's all I know Interviewer: Yeah 748: One that couldn't swim, and you wanted him to get across, you just had to help him get across Interviewer: Yeah You did what, you 748: Well that's the way you had to paddle, you know, thataway, that's the way they done but I never did just m- Interviewer: No um Somebody was up on a high place in the water and they You ever see 'em do that? They'd get up in a tree over uh Over the water? 748: Yeah I don't I don't ever played up no tree, never seen 'em Interviewer: And they'd do what, they would 748: Uh you mean dive? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Oh well, I've never done that Yeah I've seen folk dive, you know, dove in summer, don't care what they have Boys on the bank, a tree or what, just down and then they, come up that's dive Interviewer: Yeah? You say the boy He did what, he To get up the tree 748: Yeah get up on the tree or a limb or anything you wanted to get up on Tree kinda high on the bank of the water, you see Just Jump off in there and dive in Interviewer: You ever see a boy, what would he do? How would he get up the tree? He did what? #1 He # 748: #2 {X} # {D: Done the tree, clambed up there, just clambed up} Interviewer: {D: Clambed up the tree and he did, and he} {D: You say he clambed up the tree and} 748: {D: That's right clambed up the tree and then when you wanna jump off,} he just jumped off {C: NS from 58:42 to 59:10} Interviewer: D- you say he di- {NS} He did what, he {NS} 748: Dived off Interviewer: {D: Clambed up the tree and dived off?} 748: Mm-hmm dived off, and then down in the water {NS} Interviewer: Would you ever seen somebody turn a Something in air? You ever hear that? Say they turned a 748: {NS} Interviewer: What {NW} A what? 748: Mm I don't remember Interviewer: Somer- 748: Don't know, know what you're talking about Interviewer: Well when you're on the ground you roll over You turn a 748: Somerset? Interviewer: Somerset When somebody's diving and they don't land right {NS} They do a what? 748: I just tell you all I know is they hit the water cause I never did dive Interviewer: A belly 748: Yeah you's belly up Interviewer: It He landed on his belly, they'd say he did a belly- {NS} 748: No I tell you when you're diving you know, they You just dive, right, the heads go in the water When they swimming they won't, they belly's up there, but when they diving, you know they got to Turn the head down to go under {NS} Interviewer: Yeah {C: Audio distorted from this point on} What if they landed wrong? They'd get their, they'd be redder than an Indian 748: Well that's right Interviewer: Or Really hurt Yup 748: {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: How you been? 748: Well I'm just about as well as you'd expect out of me {NS} Told my doctor a couple times I'm not looking to get sixteen no more {NW} Interviewer: You doing okay? 748: Bout as well as you'd expect out of me with my age and my issues Interviewer: {NS} Yeah? Um {NS} What kind of day would you say we're having? 748: What's that? Day? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Today? Well I say it's gonna be a pretty day today {NS} Today And tomorrow maybe Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And then Interviewer: {NS} Yeah 748: Sun's shining now, you know {NS} Everything's pretty good Interviewer: {NS} Yeah {NS} Y'all have weather like this a lot of the time? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You get weather like this a lot of the time? 748: Well Sometimes, sometime it I have known just rain, rain, rain and rain and rain and I've known it to just get dry and dry and dry and dry {NS} But um, you have Interviewer: You say they're having a what, I'm having a What are they having? 748: What? Interviewer: What are y'all having here? 748: Oh I said that uh About the weather I said that uh They said it's gonna be pretty tomorrow, and {NS} Day after 'morrow Uh Now I'll tell you Wildlife I have seen In Union County, Arkansas Interviewer: Yes sir 748: Where I were born in eighteen hundred and ninety-two We got rabbits Rabbits, you know, they jump about Jump about, and they good to eat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: We, we eat them And then we have squirrels, squirrels play on trees, run around, and then we have them to eat Interviewer: What kind of squirrel you got? 748: Well we have both We call it a cat squirrel and a fox squirrel, a little squirrel and a big squirrel But the fox squirrel is a bro- is a brown squirrel Cat squirrel is more, more or less a gray, uh gray, he's a smaller squirrel Interviewer: You got that little thing that runs around the ground? Looks like a squirrel 748: What's that? Interviewer: You got that little thing that runs around the ground Looks like a squirrel maybe, but it doesn't have a tail? #1 Can't climb a tree? # 748: #2 Yes uh # You talking about, in in the ground? Interviewer: Well Uh yeah, it nests in in in the ground I guess 748: Well we got a mole He roots under the ground Interviewer: Got a gopher? 748: He just roots under the ground, and Eats underground, and and eat your, c- eat your peanuts and things up, if you don't stop him We got a salamander, that do the same thing he uh where he do He'll do it under the ground but he up, cut him a hole and cut And bring that dirt out and pile it up And um Cut him a little bump, lump Bring it up and pile it up And they'll cut holes under ditches and things, make water, ditches under, um Uh Ditches run under our b- ditches, no I mean uh I mean uh now uh In other words they cut holes under our ditches Make gutters Interviewer: Ditches? 748: Yeah, yeah just uh just run through on it, ju- cover, you have a ditch Somewhere, you know Interviewer: What's that for? 748: Well a ditch is Takes water and run it Turn water any way you want it Interviewer: You say you're doing what with a 748: #1 Well you see with a # Interviewer: #2 Ditch # 748: Ditch, you know, if you gonna, got a, got a place you want to keep so much water out of Well you just cut you a ditch You see Interviewer: #1 Yes # 748: #2 Have water around the # Right on down that ditch, now around there, and won't know, know where that ditch went Interviewer: #1 A ditch is # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: A ditch is for 748: Ditch is for protection, you see, to keep water from running over Interviewer: For drink-, for 748: Oh, oh our, oh our vegetables and things so bad Why we got 'em That's what it's for Interviewer: Yes sir 748: Alright Now squirrels And rabbits, they eat on, they just eat on grass, and put some Things, and potatoes, thing every did you, they'll eat up your Your vegetables if you don't stop 'em Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Your cabbages, collards, and things like that Taters, every- I mean taters, on top of the ground That's what rabbits do. Now squirrels He eats um, more or less um {X} They grow on trees They eat um Some kind of a pecan They're eating {D: all your} pecans {NW} Get them up {NS} And uh They'll come in your cornfield, your corn Uh before it gets hardly And uh Get up that, stomp on your corn stalks and eat your corn up Squirrels'll do that Alright, we got possums Now possum It's a kind of a grayer back Something, little bigger than a cat And possums, we eat them, they, possums are good eating But I tell you one thing about a possum {D: until I think about it} Why Catch you a possum And um Put him up Feed him a little bit and clean him out, I'll tell you mean why They'll go up on ol' dead carcasses and anything eat See? Just any ol' thing That's what possums Alright, coons A coon uh He feeds on Uh Vegetation Your corn Things like that that he can get to and he And uh They can run up trees I have caught 'em That they kill 'em up trees, you know And um We take both coon, take a coon and skin it Little coon hide We stretch it right In the right kind of year, you sell it and get money on it We have minks Minks is a little old Dark something, he run around and on like Stay around wet places Cut into places back up on the dirt bank Where that fur Oh that, oh you can use that fur as a fur, you know That that, that mink fur That's good, that's that that that's an expensive hide, you get a good Get a mink And stretch it hide right At the right time, you can get a good price for it Interviewer: Them kinda things that come and raid your chicken nest 748: Well um Minks um Uh Let's see Interviewer: You got a lot of things that'll raid your chicken nest, mister {B}? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You got a lot of things that raid your chicken nest all the time? 748: {D: Things that rai- raisin?} Interviewer: Raid your chicken nest, go in your chicken nest 748: Yeah, got things here what'll go in your chicken nest and get your eggs out of there now, tell you what'll do that Interviewer: Just a lot of 748: Snakes'll do that Snakes Crawl up in them egg, in that nest Just swallow them eggs Swallow them egg {NW} Swallow 'em Interviewer: They'll take an egg #1 And # 748: #2 Well # Just, they they swallow the whole egg now, listen Then they writhe around some and bust that egg to pieces Up in they belly That's what snakes Interviewer: I don't see how they can It's so big, how can they 748: Well you see, uh, that is, they, you know, a little snake couldn't swallow an egg, but a good big snake, I'm talking about a big snake We have chicken snakes, what we call chicken snakes Sometimes I've seen 'em Uh seven Maybe s- six, seven foot long Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 Great # Big one Interviewer: They go right up to the egg and 748: Well yes, go down, crawl up there and crawl in they Get in there and crawl around that ol' hen and get them eggs Interviewer: #1 And # 748: #2 Got # Ol' hen, if the ol' hen ain't On there, if she ain't just get in on that to get 'em in there Interviewer: And they'll They go up to the egg and 748: Well they'd swallow the egg Interviewer: Swallow it? 748: Get, they get the egg and get it out, then they'll break it Take that egg out of the nest when they big enough And swallow that whole egg When they swallow that whole egg Then how they Get it in their stomach, after they get their stomach They can wrap around some and bust that egg And um We have a Snake, another kind of a snake called a coachwhip That's a long snake, he's a, he he he he he's not supposed to be a real dangerous, poison snake But that snake I've seen him grow seven, eight Feet long That A coachwhip Can {NW} Clumb up, that is if you walk by a tree or something, he can stand up By a little bush or something And see, get a Look, and he long {X} They have a speckled {D: lung} Snake He's a Uh Kind of a Black And white speckled Interviewer: Have you got that, uh Now a lot of things that might come and raid your hen house and just generally 748: Well I'll tell you what'll raid your hen house, your possums, possums'll raid your hen house Interviewer: Yeah, you say, you might hear a 748: Yeah yeah yeah your chickens out there, you go out there and sometimes a possum's out there Interviewer: Yeah, you might say Whatever that thing is I'm gonna go out and kill that I'm gonna get me a gun and go out and kill that 748: Well Interviewer: All those things that that bother you #1 You know # 748: #2 You hear you hear # When you hear your chicken Something in your chickens You get your gun, go out there, I've went out there a lot of times, an ol' possum be in the hen house With the chicken Got to kill him, get him out of there, don't he'll kill it, kill some of your chickens Kill him some and eat 'em up #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 Uh # All them things that that just cause you misery and Rai- and raid your henhouse and eat your crops and things like that, you call them 748: Yeah you see, things I told you what we call possums'll eat your crop up I mean I mean coons'll eat it up Interviewer: Yeah 748: And squirrels'll eat 'em up Interviewer: Just a lot of var- uh 748: And that you got uh Vegetables and things like that and corn and things like that You when you raise corn it'll come in for roasting, you, that's when you eat it Come in and roasting it, that's why Uh When it gets hard And squirrels'll go up that That stalk, they'll go up that stalk and And and {NW} {C: squirrel noises} They'll get that Uh shuck down on that stalk I mean on that corn when you eat it Mm get down it and eat 'em up I've killed 'em in 'em Interviewer: At the top of the corn stalk is the 748: Well the co- yeah the to- top of a corn stalk is a ta- tassel, tossel I tell you what that tossel's for, they tell me and I, well I take Just like a bloom Uh and that whatever that is fall off of that bloom, you see All over that bloom down in that silk, corn got silks on it Just fall down in that, in it, that's where it gets its food {NS} {NW} Uh I've seen uh I've never seen no wild deer There's some here, there're plenty around here but I haven't seen 'em Deers And um #1 When you got a # Interviewer: #2 When you # Now all them things that bother ya, and You just call them var- uh var- Just a lotta Varm-? 748: Varmints? Yeah varmints #1 Varmints, they wild # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: Varmints, you know? And uh Interviewer: #1 What about # 748: #2 Uh # Know what else, they They'll, they head, do the dig down, come out That is they uh, and they, well you can't see 'em Some of 'em'll come out at night Interviewer: Yeah #1 Uh # 748: #2 Some # Of 'em in the day time Interviewer: Are they big things? 748: Well they're different sizes Different size. Coon A a big, a gro- big grown coon he'll grow up about that high {D: Possum about the same way, a squirrel is a little booger} See Interviewer: What about a chicken mouse? One of them mouses that'll kill chickens or something like that, is that a varmint? 748: Well I'll tell ya, a mouse is a varmint alright but he won't kill your chickens A mouse'll just Cut holes in your house and just cut all around Get in your house and cut your clothes up and everything else Interviewer: Hmm 748: Get in your corn Crib Get in there and cut your, and he and and and he'll eat your corn up Get your potato out Eat your potatoes up That's what a mouse will do And then, the- the- there's two, there's a mouse and then there's a wharf rat A mouse is a little bigger He'll do, and and a wharf rat He'll do the same thing, but he's a bigger thing See? He's a bigger thing Interviewer: Have you got that kind of bird that can see in the dark? 748: Well um We have what we call um Interviewer: {NW} {C: Hoo hoo} One that goes #1 Like that? # 748: #2 Yeah we # We have them whip-poor-wills, you know now they whoop A whip-poor-will, no I don't, I guess they can see in the dark Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 I don't # Know about So much about Interviewer: You got the one that goes {NW} {C: Hoo hoo} 748: Well that's an owl O- ol' owl, you know Ole owl, you know, yeah he can see in the dark Interviewer: What kind you got? 748: Well that's a big old bird, great big old scoundrel #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I mean what # Kind of owl 748: Well, we just call 'em hooping owls, all I'd ever known to call 'em, hooping owl Interviewer: You ever heard that little one? 748: Yeah, I assume, they they just Hoop, you know when they small they hoop they don't get as loud but when they get bigger they hoop louder Interviewer: Yeah You ever heard that big one that, I mean the little one that goes {NW} {C: Screech owl noise} Like that all the time? 748: Well I'll tell you what about that, we got a flying squirrel Those do that, make that racket, I know Interviewer: #1 Screech owl? # 748: #2 That # Flying squirrel Interviewer: Yeah? 748: A flying squirrel And uh Interviewer: You got a screech owl? #1 Screech owl? # 748: #2 And # And and he will uh Flying squirrel now, he'll make that racket too He just flies from tree to tree From tree to tree at night And um Different kind of snakes now, I never got through them snakes Interviewer: Have you ever gotten snake 748: We got different kind of snakes #1 I never # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever # Have you ever gotten snake You know, gotten, had a snake come after you and gotten 748: Come after you and run you? Interviewer: Have you ever gotten snake Bit, uh 748: Snakebit? Interviewer: Yeah 748: I haven't been snakebit but I know folks that have and I tell you what We got a rattlesnake That snake is a Is a light brown And dark spotted Interviewer: Yeah I know about them 748: He got rattles on his tail Little things in the in the tail, if you if you you catch one, if you kill one As many rattles as is on that tail that's many years he is old You've got two rattles you got two years old, if he got ten you got ten years old Interviewer: What if you've got one rattle? 748: Well if you got one you just got, he's just one years old Rattlesnake Now a rattlesnake if you, you get close Turn, disturb him Uh he'll rattle at you now You have that you better get out of the way Better get out of the way Cause that scoundrel's bad, he's dangerous We got a rattlesnake {D: python} Don't have rattles on 'em With the same color Light and brown He's dangerous Interviewer: His venom is 748: He's he's dangerous I hear, he's dangerous and uh Interviewer: What do you mean they're dangerous? 748: He's poison, that's what I'm talking about, he's poison That's what {NS} {X} Interviewer: Yeah 748: Now they got what are called uh Little garter snakes Biggest thing I've known them to do, you know, just stay around kind of wet places Interviewer: Yeah 748: And uh Interviewer: Have you ever shot a deer? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Shot a deer? 748: Deer I have never seen a wild deer, never shot one There's some around though, like wild deer {NS} Some around here though Interviewer: I thought you said you had one coming after you one time? 748: A deer? Not a deer No not a deer, no not a deer, mm-mm Interviewer: Ran into the tree you were behind? 748: No, no deer, no deer ain't gonna come out here That deer what he gonna do, he see you, he gonna get out the way Interviewer: Yeah Didn't you have something come after you one time and you had hid behind a tree and it ran into the tree? 748: Ran into the tree? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Mm I don't remember nothing much Interviewer: {D: I thought I remember you telling me that story Mister Boysie} 748: Maybe I have but I done forgot it right now Maybe I'll, maybe it'll come back over my mind right now Interviewer: Okay 748: And uh We've got um What they call a s- You, I done told you about the speckled {D: lung} Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 They're not # They're not danger #1 Got a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: Little old garter snake Interviewer: What kind of fish you got? 748: Fish? Well we got perch Fish Catfish Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Then we've got uh Bri- I mean um White, I mean, yeah that that white perch that's the same thing Only you, you eat a bigger thing, we call them crappies What they call white perch, or or that's crappies A catfish of course, he's got fins on him, he's got dangerous fins on him And uh He's got them on his back and Tickled by him You know they can tickle them fins and you'll get They'll tickle for you, they they're danger They hurt you I never heard one Nobody have no sick spells from one But they'll sure make a bad sore #1 Now buffalo # Interviewer: #2 Now you # 748: We got a buffalo Interviewer: Yeah 748: A buffalo well he's a Course you know when he's little he's just little but when he grows big he's just big Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 That's # Bi- Interviewer: #1 Bi- # 748: #2 Now they got a # Let me see, what other kinds of fish uh We got eel Interviewer: Yeah 748: I tell you what eel is, eel is a thing He's slicker but he's made like a snake Interviewer: Yeah? 748: He don't have no, don't have no, don't have no um Nothing to claw with, they don't have nothing to claw nothing to get, not an eel Interviewer: Yeah? Talking about that eel, would you say you're scared of eels or #1 You # 748: #2 No you're # Scared of no eels Catch them scoundrels, eat 'em up Interviewer: {D: Joubles?} {D: Jouble something} 748: That eel, good to eat the skin Clean 'em up, skin that hide and they good to eat But we got a lamp eel, now listen Check another kind of eel, a lamp eel, he have legs Now that uh that that that that that that that that uh that one Why is a We don't eat them They're not good eating They say they're poison, I haven't ever known nobody to eat one Interviewer: Yeah Have you got that kind of black and white animal that's got a real powerful smell to it? 748: What's that? Interviewer: That black and white animal that's got a real powerful smell to it 748: Well um Black and white animal Interviewer: He's always smelling up the place, you know? 748: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 You ever get him to # Squirt on you, boy you in a mess 748: They squirt Interviewer: Yeah You know they find 'em out in the road Smelling up the road 748: Well I'll tell ya I've tried to think about what that is now, I reckon Interviewer: Sometime's it'd break into your chicken house 748: There's a cat, I think they call 'em polecat Interviewer: Polecat? #1 Now what about uh # 748: #2 Now and and # They'll, they'll make a racket I mean uh That ol' saying said they'll, they'll make a screw out There and you best get out the way, you can't smell that stuff then {NW} Interviewer: Yeah, have you ever heard of a squirrel called a boomer? 748: No I haven't Interviewer: Okay Neighbor 1: {X} Neighbor 2: No Interviewer: Somebody up here to talk with you I think Neighbor 1: {X} 748: Mm {X} #1 {X} Come on in there, a boy # Neighbor 1: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's who? 748: A boy, he'll be on in, gonna bring the mail Neighbor 2: Yeah I did 748: {NS} {X} Both of them {NS} Interviewer: #1 He's what? # 748: #2 Hey! # Interviewer: Um {NS} You got the, now what kind of things you got that might be around a pond? 748: Do what? Interviewer: Around a pond at night 748: Round a pond? Well I'll tell ya round a pond at night Um There'll be minks One of 'em, a mink is one of 'em And uh, let's see if I know anything else Interviewer: You hear them things that go {NW} {C: bullfrog ribbit} all the time? 748: Uh now bullfrog Interviewer: Yeah, what kind of frogs you got? 748: Well bull-, we got, di- different kind of frogs, we got a bullfrog, now bullfrog is a Uh he'll make that Uh ragged {NW} {C: bullfrog noise} But uh these little frogs don't do it, the bullfrogs now, they Folks uh catch them And sk- get the legs, you know Interviewer: {NW} 748: They good eating Interviewer: #1 Yeah, you ever eaten one? # 748: #2 {NW} # Yeah I eaten bullfrogs, good Yeah bullfrog's good We got a crawfish In a fish pond we got a crawfish He's a fish that crawls around thataway and and and crooked tail up And uh there's nothing dangerous about him, he stay in the water And um Let's see Interviewer: What kind of other frogs you got? 748: Frogs? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well I Interviewer: What about 748: A toad frog, we call a toad frog and bullfrog's all I know Interviewer: You got them little ones that come out after a rain? Neighbor 3: Like a kind of tree, uh um tree frog Little bitty in a tree, little bitty ol' {NW} Interviewer: Yeah? Neighbor 3: Sometimes you see 'em hanging upside the tree Where I come from them, that called a tree frog Interviewer: Yeah, what have you seen them? {NS} 748: Yeah I've seen them Hmm tree frog They they can go up a tree Interviewer: Mm-hmm Neighbor 3: And big old scorpion Big ol' scorpion Nothing we eat better Why they {X} Interviewer: Really? Neighbor 3: Bout that long. Now what kind of scorpion that? Now {NW} I've eat a lot of them too 748: Yeah, bark scorpion, different kind of scorpion, scorpion is Some of 'em They use the scorpion, eats boiled He won't bite you unless you Want to catch him, something like that #1 He, he don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 748: Try to run at you Interviewer: Yeah 748: I don't know but one snake'll lie at you A coachwhip will Interviewer: Yeah 748: A coachwhip I've hea- {NW} I've heard I've heard folks say that Way back yonder, I ain't ever seen that now They they Went to catch it And it wrapped around you know and then beat you, whooped you with the tail Now I don't know that, I ain't ever seen that A coachwhip is a long Black snake, sometime they brown tailed Sometimes the tail is brown Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: As I said, the In Scouting Run up, I was going down a trail one time {NW} We was, a bunch of us Interviewer: {X} 748: And while we were going down that trail, there's a there's a coachwhip Run across the trail And some {D: simmon sprouts} out there And he run up You know he stood way up, one way up, long as he can, far as he can go standing on his tail But he didn't try to get us He's scared I reckon And we killed him, see Course just run up and hit it Hit it plumb the head and uh Knock him head and tooth, uh no- that is, knock him over Bring it down Interviewer: Hmm 748: We have a spreading adder snake That's a danger snake That snake He's, made made, his m- his head's just like any other snake, but listen Uh If you disturbed him, he'd spread that {NW} He'll spread that head out Just really long, spread that out That's true It's funny, big show, d- he just spread it out, you know And lick his tongue right at ya Interviewer: Yeah? You, now you know anything about seafood? You ever eat What about them things you get in shells? 748: Get 'em what? Interviewer: Get on the half shell Neighbor 3: Well well, what, what do oysters come out of? #1 {X} # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah, you ever had them? Neighbor 3: I've seen 'em before {NW} I don't get 'em m- Interviewer: You ever had any seafood? Neighbor 3: Haven't seen an oyster in many years Shrimps I call 'em shrimps Like a, well they look just about like a Crawfish Interviewer: Yeah, have you ever had one of them? Neighbor 3: I've eaten s- #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Neighbor 3: {NW} I have Interviewer: Mr. {B} You ever eaten any shrimps? 748: One time, I was {X} Neighbor 3: #1 Now how they get {X} # 748: #2 {X} # Neighbor 3: #1 Shrimps and {X} # 748: #2 {X} # A place down here on the side of the road, one of these eating places, and that's That's some what they serve And we eat down there. I had never eaten on it, said, that's kinda weird, that stuff sure was good Interviewer: What? 748: {NW} Them shrimps I said Interviewer: Yeah Or oyst- uh 748: Just Squirrel tails, you know #1 I mean uh I mean uh # Neighbor 3: #2 {X} {NW} # {X} you ever seen a snail? Interviewer: Yeah Neighbor 3: Well there's about {NW} Interviewer: Yeah Have you ever seen them Mr. {B}? Them things that come in a shell? #1 Oyst- # 748: #2 Shell? # Interviewer: Oysters 748: Yeah, well I'll tell you yeah I've seen 'em A terrapin, you mean There's a terrapin and there's a turtle Interviewer: Yeah 748: A turtle's Stay more or less in the water A terrapin'll crawl around anywhere And he got, he got a big shell and #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Who # 748: Crawl on thataway and disturb him Like that, something He'll shut up there, you know Just shut it up, that's it, tight {NW} You can up too, you take that scoundrel all around, he know, he won't Interviewer: Yeah 748: Shut that mouth up, that that shell up just tight, just crawling He'll open that cr- up up when he's crawling, it's open His legs out, but when he, when he, disturbing him, draw his legs in that shell And shut up You see, shut that thing together {NW} Interviewer: Yeah S- um Well Now let me Them things that um That, you ever had any oysters? Never had them? 748: Well, I haven't, I never gonna eat some, I don't wanna buy no oysters That's that's that's kind of a, m- more or less kind of a water animal, now Interviewer: Yeah 748: Go in water Interviewer: Yeah Neighbor 3: Another, -nother, -nother thing called a Crab. Now what is that? I've never seen none of them, now. What are they called? Interviewer: Yeah Neighbor 3: Crab Interviewer: Um What do you fish with, when you fish? 748: Well, tell you what You fish with you It's different weights fish You dig deep fish you going to Take you a hole and get out and dig you some bait Them some little old earthworms Little worm Interviewer: Any different types? 748: D- different types, that's what, going around. Some of 'em Long, some of 'em not, then we got one kind of earthworm is a He's a little old, kind of um, I forget the name of him but uh He just do thataway all the time #1 He's little but he # Interviewer: #2 Night # 748: Put him in the water and and he do thataway 'til fish are gone to get that And these other big ones, bigger ones, you see you get your hook And just put him on your hook Down your hook, you see And Fish'll bite that So that's, that's the kind of worm. Now another thing Pull fish with sometimes, pull fish with what they call catawba worms That's a worm that uh Grew up, we got a tree here Interviewer: Catawba tree 748: Catawba tree Interviewer: Yeah 748: And I tell you what them worms'll do There there's a, there's an insect, I don't know what them now, the lined Some kind of a fly lay eggs now Have, have to get that summer there, and then they hatch They're growing growing growing, they'll just eat the leaves off the trees Great big trees, if you don't get 'em off there, get 'em off now Them good, the- them them them kinda ones catawba That's a good thing to fish it with Catawba worm Interviewer: Now What kind of insects, what might fly around the light at night? 748: Well I'll tell you what we got, we got, we got a candle fly Now that's a kind of fly that I call now, about all I know, that he flies around that light Though cause acting like that thing out there and he Light, and they just love it. Interviewer: Miller? 748: Just flying around, little old, kind of a fly, you know, he's small Some of 'em How they could str- stretch his wing out, anywhere from Oh I say from Quarter of an inch to To maybe an inch or two inch they get, I've seen 'em That can and a Butterfly now, butterfly He don't fly around at night. Butterfly, he don't Fly, he he's still here, he eats during the daytime Butterfly Interviewer: What about that, that insect that'll eat your clothes up? 748: Well that insect that'll eat your clothes up, that's a Uh Interviewer: You gotta put them balls in your clothes 748: Well, I tell you what I'm trying to think about it's called But um Interviewer: Something balls, moth? 748: That's right, mothballs. I know what What it, but I can't think of the name of the thing now that it'll, it'll, it'll get to your clothes, eat 'em up Interviewer: What's that, what other thing? Moth? 748: Mm moth, they ain't they ain't a moth, it's a little old, little old insect, little old uh Interviewer: D- do you know what a moth is? 748: Hmm-mm Anyhow, them things'll eat your clothes up if you don't get 'em off Interviewer: Yeah 748: Get 'em out And um, we got a Ant Interviewer: Yeah, we used to Now we used to catch this one thing in a jar at night 748: Catch what? Interviewer: Catch these insects in a jar at night 748: Well yeah, I Interviewer: And they'd fly around the jar and 748: Well that's, see, what else do you, where'd you see, don't know way you've Interviewer: Did you ever see them? 748: I've seen them, I have Interviewer: They'd light up 748: I've seen, oh, lightning bug Yeah that's a lightning bug They light up, you know, you, you can take them home with that lighting and Night cut it off And he'll, they'll do that flying Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 You'll see 'em # Flying around And uh, old lightning bug, you know {NW} {C: lightning bug noise} They light, they c- light, light light and boom That's a lightning bug Interviewer: Uh yeah Now Sometimes when you'd be fishing with a cane pole This, this thing'd come and land, maybe on the end of your pole You ever see them? 748: Do what? Interviewer: Some-, sometimes when you're fishing with a cane pole at a lake This thing, this kind of thing would come and land on the end of your pole That, you know, they had big old #1 Eyes # 748: #2 Uh # Um #1 I've I've had, I've had {X} # Interviewer: #2 And and transparent wings # 748: I forget the name of them things now but They sure do, they got, kinda wings, and fly Interviewer: Yeah 748: But I can't think, can't call the name of it #1 Right now # Interviewer: #2 Darts around # Some-, when people saw it, some folks said that there was a snake nearby Neighbor 3: #1 {X} # 748: #2 Well # Neighbor 3: I've been calling them uh {X} 748: #1 Sometimes {X}, sometime maybe not # Neighbor 3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mosquito hawk, or snake doctor? Neighbor 3: Hmm {X} 748: I've heard of snake doctors, I didn't, I ain't seen one to #1 Know it, known, to know they're snake doctors # Neighbor 3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I've seen Interviewer: Yeah? Uh well, what kind of stinging insects you know about? 748: What's that? Interviewer: What kind of stinging 748: Oh, we've got yellow jackets Interviewer: Where do they nest? 748: Well a yellow jacket More or less They make their hole, makes makes makes them a hole in the ground Lay they eggs and hatch 'em Make little yellow jackets, next time'll be Another thing, I tell you what And you disturb a nest, now You better get out of the way For them bugs'll sure sting Tell you another thing we got that'll sting you Is a, is a bee A a honey bee now, a honey bee, now he'll sting you too But he'll, he'll out there, he with that honey, he'll, he gonna make honey Now they make honey, go around them And and, gather 'em up some little web or some little old planks and things like that. He makes him a comb Well when he makes them combs, you see The two things he can do with that comb He lay his eggs in there, for one thing The next thing he do He go around To the flowers and things like that, you know This flower and that flower, that flower, that flower, that flower, you know And gather up that stuff they make honey out of And he put that in there In that comb That's what you call honey of the comb and you get that, it's good too Then we'll have a A bumblebee Uh, he'll cut holes in, in uh timber and things like that. And uh That bee will uh He will uh Interviewer: You got them things that'll Put a nest of kind of mud up on the side of your house? 748: Sure, dirt daubers Dirt daubers, dirt daubers do that, see Interviewer: Yeah {NS} 748: Old dirt dauber you know, he More than one thing he can do with his When he when he make, make them combs up on top and make 'em so And it's made out of clay Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And uh Sometime he Lay his eggs and then hatch little ones in there, sometimes Sometimes he, he get out and catch different kind of things that he want to eat later And store 'em in there You see Kinda like uh Ole {NW} Ole saying says uh Ole dirt dauber you know, he He prepare for his, he prepare for ahead, you know Save him some of it for his, store it up some Wise enough to store his food Neighbor 3: Have you got a rake that I can use for a little while on? 748: Rake? Neighbor 3: #1 Get home # 748: #2 What are you gonna do with a rake? # Neighbor 3: Well, handle gotta go back 748: Huh? Neighbor 3: Well handle gotta go by the man 748: When it, when are you gonna do that? Neighbor 3: I wanna just rake 'em up To the halfway point 748: For digging? Neighbor 3: Need a rake, rake 748: Yeah I got a yard rake Neighbor 3: {X} 748: Huh? That what you want? Neighbor 3: Yeah 748: Yeah I got a yard rake out there Oh you said your yard rake handle, yeah yeah yeah yeah I got a yard rake out there #1 There in the yard # Neighbor 3: #2 I'm gonna get it # {X} raking my yard, hmm 748: #1 Now bring it back now # Neighbor 3: #2 Thank you # Okay 748: {NW} Neighbor 3: {X} {NS} 748: It's back in the back there somewhere {NS} You'll see it, hmm {NS} Interviewer: Nice to meet you sir Neighbor 3: Yeah sure Interviewer: #1 Take care of you now # Neighbor 3: #2 {X} # But a lot of your books and things {X} 748: {NS} When they hatch out Lay eggs and then they hatch out I mean they lay out, and they'll they'll get in the timber, yeah, you know, in the wood Interviewer: Yeah? You ever see the ones that, them, them flying insects that make a big nests? #1 Like # 748: #2 Yeah # Well that, I'll tell you what that is, that's what you, that's what you call a hornet Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 Tell you something else # A hornet His nest, he usually make his nest out of that web and stuff and just hang up on them Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Well now, he ain't gonna bother you, he, if you ain't been disturbing him, if get's Disturbed, you better get out there cause they they'll they'll Follow you, them sc- them scoundrels'll be so follow you across that road out there now Some of 'em will Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 They just take out the # They got behind you And you talking about a hurt, them things sure They they sting you Interviewer: Yeah? And then the ones that'll build maybe Small paper nests on the side of your house? 748: Well um Inside the house now uh Interviewer: On the side of your house 748: Well um Ole uh Not hornets, well I'll tell you what, dirt daubers do that Interviewer: Paper nests? 748: Mm they dirt daubers'll build Things up in the side of the house {NS} Interviewer: Yeah, dirt dauber These things look a lot like dirt daubers You ever heard of a wa- uh You got any wa- 748: Wasp? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Yeah wasp, wasp, wasp, the dirt daubers If the other's like all yellow, a dirt dauber black More or less And a wasp Is a kind of a light Might say red Interviewer: You got any different types of wasps? 748: Yeah we got a what they call a guinea wasp, that's a little bitty wasp Interviewer: Yeah 748: That's a little, boy when he sting he can hurt you too Then we got a bigger wasp You see #1 That's a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: That's a brown wasp Interviewer: Yeah You know Sometimes when you're out in the woods uh, these things'll 748: Well, ticks? Interviewer: Yeah, or or they raise welts on your skin 748: Well that that #1 I tell you what # Interviewer: #2 Chi- # 748: Uh Interviewer: Red 748: Red bugs, now there's red bugs Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 I # Red bugs never did bother me, I never knew no red bugs bother me Interviewer: What 748: And then you got, we got a little, a little bitty tick called a seed tick He'll crawl up on you Interviewer: Yeah? What about them things {NS} {C: slaps his arm} Get after you and you have to 748: What? Interviewer: You're always out with your {NS} {C: slaps arm again} Smacking 'em, and 748: Oh ye- yeah that's mosquito That's a mosquito Interviewer: Yeah 748: And he hurt you too, he's There's different now, there's different species of 'em Interviewer: Uh-huh 748: Some of 'em there's more Poison than others, but they they'll all all hurt you that away 'til, some of 'em just Interviewer: Some of 'em give you malaria, won't they? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Malaria? 748: Yeah, some of 'em will Interviewer: Uh what do you take for malaria? 748: Well I tell you I don't Interviewer: Never had it? 748: N- I don't know, I haven't been bothered like to say what you have when Interviewer: Yeah You know, uh Now these things that might come around in your garden And they eat up all your Things that hop around like that 748: Well that's grasshopper Interviewer: Yeah 748: We got a grasshopper now, he'll eat grass Interviewer: You ever heard people call 'em hoppergrasses? 748: Yeah Interviewer: Who? 748: Some of 'em call 'em grass, hoppergrass or grasshopper, it's the same thing Interviewer: Yeah Who calls 'em hoppergrass? Who? 748: What'd you say? Interviewer: Do you know anybody who? Who calls 'em hoppergrass? Who would call 'em hoppergrass? 748: No I don't know about hoppergrass, that's just You know every Know what they got different names to things but only way I know is just to say hop- grasshopper Interviewer: Yeah 748: Just grasshopper Interviewer: Um You ever use any small fish for bait? 748: Well I tell you we got a, there's a minnow That's a little thing that goes He's a Well I've seen 'em grow that long before, had some, but came now in different size, minnows And you catch them now, bait your hook with, and um Interviewer: Yeah Now, sometimes when you're in the house and you haven't cleaned for a while Up there in the #1 {X} # 748: #2 Spiders # Spiders spiders spiderwebs Ole spider crawl all up there Make webs on the stairs while you can find some webs up there, some, I try to keep my webs clean Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 But uh # Anyhow They'll make webs and another thing ol' spider do sometimes, you know, make 'em a web Curl around And she a c- c- come way down on it, I've seen 'em {NW} Way down Interviewer: When you're walking through in the woods, out in the woods, you might run into a You might run into a what and have to get it off you 748: Well a lot of times, a spider web they put there Interviewer: Yeah, cobweb? 748: Cobweb, whatever you wanna call it, but you know that's the same thing, you know Interviewer: Cobweb #1 Spiderweb? # 748: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Um Now Can you tell me, uh, have you got that kind of bird that Is always Pecking on things? 748: Oh have a, oh, a woodpecker Woodpecker, yeah that scoundrel be He'll peck holes in timber Interviewer: Yeah What, what different types? 748: Different types? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well #1 The only # Interviewer: #2 You've got # 748: Thing I know about a woodpecker, he's a, he's generally White and blue or, and his head's usually red, some of 'em And uh {NS} {NS} {X} Just keep on pecking on, pecking on it and they can peck a hole in the tree Interviewer: Have you got that big one that gets about the size of a half-grown chicken? 748: Well uh I don't know, now I've never seen a peckerwood that, that big {X} Interviewer: You've never seen what? 748: Never seen one that big Interviewer: Seen a what? 748: Peckerwood Interviewer: That big 748: No Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 There's a smaller one # Round, might say round here Interviewer: Yeah 748: Not, no not, not like big as a chicken, you know Interviewer: Yeah Talking about a peckerwood, would you ever use that word about anybody? 748: No Never did use it Interviewer: You ever heard it? 748: I've heard it but I oh I never did use it Interviewer: Well who, what would it say? What would they say? 748: Well they'd just say {NS} I done forgot what they what they say Interviewer: Huh? 748: I done forgot what they say now Be honest with you Interviewer: Would, would folks ever say anything about that, about other people, you know, say "You peckerwood, you"? 748: Yeah I've heard that {NS} {X} {NS} {NW} Old peckerwood done pecking on on all night and um Call uh we used to call people sometimes peckerwood that always messing somebody Interviewer: Yeah? 748: {NW} Always begging somebody, talking about somebody {X} Interviewer: Yeah 748: Talking about you behind your back And all like that That's, that we used to call 'em peckerwood sometimes, and you a peckerwood Interviewer: Have any other names? 748: Mm well Some folks may call 'em devils They'd call 'em a fool or something like that And I've heard folks cussing but I never did cuss none That's one thing I never did do Interviewer: What would you hear 'em say? 748: What's that? Interviewer: What would you hear 'em say? 748: Oh I've heard 'em say "God damn" and all sorts of stuff like that "Damn fool" and all like, like I says, I never did use that stuff Interviewer: Yeah? Would you ever #1 Call 'em # 748: #2 It's # Really really cussing is wh- when you use God's name in it Just like "God damn you" or something really like that, that's cussing But I never did do that Never did do that {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Yeah? {NS} {NS} What time is it? {NS} 748: What time is it? It's ten o clock {NS} Late, I tell you that clock's about ten minutes fast {NS} Later Maybe a little #1 {NS} Fast # Interviewer: #2 {NS} No it's just # {NS} Couple minutes fast 748: #1 {NS} {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NS} According to my watch # 748: {NS} Yeah But any- anyhow, that's where it's straggling {NW} My watch loses, uh gained, uh loses time Interviewer: Yeah? 748: That's the way it is I could set it up And uh It'll lose time, lose time back now, and I'm used to it, you know, and I don't think about what it is Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: Don't T- like my watch, my watch here will lose time I can set my watch up {NS} Lately, I can set my watch up right now on ten o clock And uh And uh Maybe When twelve o clock, uh maybe when it's night now, listen It's it's on, say if it's on ten o clock now Keep it running Maybe tonight, you know, uh it'll be a little bit before ten So I lose time It don't gain time, it'll it'll lose, my watch'll lose time It don't gain time it lose time Maybe lose four, two or three or four minutes like that a day, on like that {X} Interviewer: Yeah That clock up on the On the mantel {NS} No uh {NS} Yeah, any- Well In other words Uh i- Lo- I know a long time ago they used to have Special facilities and everything and Different restrooms and And Different schools for 748: Well way back yonder We had closets, we call clothes to hang our clothes in We call 'em closets A little something built in the house Interviewer: Yeah 748: We hang all the clothes in {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah but # 748: #2 {X} # Come to restrooms, of course, a way back yonder We just had a little shack built outdoors somewhere, ya know And uh Didn't have running water in it, that little shack built outdoors Little bitty house And and and put you some Make you put you a plank {NS} Build it up and then put your plank right about where you sit down {X} And cut you a hole in it And then just sit, sit down on that and do what you want to do with it Interviewer: Yeah 748: Just pile up down there on the ground Interviewer: No I was talking about uh For different people, you know they used to have Years ago when you went into town you couldn't Maybe you couldn't ride a certain bus or something like that 748: Oh well, now, yeah, well, of course, now that Uh Where I've seen 'em, tell you what I've seen Course it's not thataway now. I've seen that uh If a colored folk got on the bus I've seen 'em take {NS} And the colored folks have to go back behind that, had to go on the on the back, stay in the back And the white folks sit up there, but they don't do that no more, they don't have no {D: issue} I've seen, I rode trains that, trains that same way People, I don't see that now I don't see that now Interviewer: Yeah? 748: No I don't see it Don't see it Interviewer: Now, you're a I'm a, I'm a what, I'm a 748: Well I called, I just said, I just say you is a white man {NW} Interviewer: Okay and you're a 748: I'm a nigger Interviewer: Yeah 748: You white and I'm black Interviewer: Yeah, did they have any other names for 'em, in other words Did, did y'all, did, would would black people call white people, would they have any names for 'em? 748: Well biggest thing I know they just "White folks" is all I know Interviewer: Yeah, would they Would they have any uh, would white people have names for black people? 748: Well yes, they'd sometime they'd call 'em As a rude they'd call, some of 'em call call "nigger" Interviewer: Yeah 748: They'd just call 'em "nigger", have it "Hey nigger, whatcha doing?" "Nigger, what's up?" Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 Then # Some of 'em would call you "Tom" or Or "John" or whatever name they can think of Interviewer: John. By your #1 Name, then? # 748: #2 I, what I mean # I mean calling you any- anything they can think of, just call you by it, just Just name you theyself {NW} Interviewer: Yeah Yeah? When a, when a white man got mad at a black man What would he say to him? 748: Well he'd call him a son of a bitch, black son of a bitch I've {NW} Interviewer: Yeah 748: And I've heard white fo-, uh niggers call a white man a white son of a bitch, too Interviewer: Yeah? 748: See? {D: see} Interviewer: Any other names? Like pet 748: Well sometimes you Interviewer: {X} 748: Maybe a devil or a Uh A low down rascal or something like that, you know Interviewer: Yeah Now When you work for somebody, you y- call him 748: Well, I work for somebody, tell you what I call Uh Way back yonder told me used to say "Master" but I just say "Mister so-and-so" Say I've worked, I've worked all around thataway I have a best friend, I have white friends but {X} Man named {B} I just say mister {B} Interviewer: Yeah 748: And everybody called me "Man". That's just, that's just a nickname "Man?" That's the way we talk to one another Interviewer: Yeah? {NS} Did you, um {NS} Now {NS} What about that tire company in town, have you heard of #1 That? # 748: #2 What's that? # Interviewer: You know about that tire company in town? 748: Power company? Interviewer: Tire. Rubber company 748: Now I don't know nothing about that, I've never been in there and looked at it. Interviewer: Well have you heard of it? 748: I've heard of it Interviewer: What's the name of it? Coop- uh That rubber, tire company? 748: Well yeah but that's I think, I think that's it, I'm not sure, to be honest with you can't think right now Interviewer: Yeah, Coop- Coop- 748: Cooper, I mean Cook's Cook's Rubber and Tire Company and all #1 Like that? # Interviewer: #2 Cooper? # 748: Just like a man running a hardware, just say uh Mack William's hardware Interviewer: Yeah? Well what's the name of that tire company that has a factory here? 748: Uh I'm trying to think There's so many of 'em I just can't think #1 I don't know which one # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: Just several, got a plant and factory But I can't think of it right now Interviewer: Yeah You know what the Baseball Hall of Fame is? 748: Baseball Hall of Fame Interviewer: You ever heard of something-town New York? 748: I've heard about Baseball Hall of Fame now, now just what that Interviewer: Yeah Well that was the same name, Coop- Coop- That tire company in town, they call it the Cooper, Cooper 748: Yeah well that is, I think you call it Cooper Tire Yeah, Cooper Tire, yeah I know the one, called Cooper Tire, I know Interviewer: In town? 748: In town Interviewer: Now if you Um, how would you address a woman by that name? 748: Well I wanna just tell you how I would address someone by that name I would just l- just say Miss Cooper Interviewer: Yeah? 748: That's all I'd know to say Interviewer: If she was married you'd say 748: Yeah I say Missus Cooper And if she wasn't married I'd ju- in a, in a I'd say Miss Cooper Interviewer: Yeah 748: Mister and Missus If you're marry- if you're married, call you Mister Miss, Mister, and I guess uh Unmarried Missus Interviewer: Yeah Now Um We were talking about About names uh Would y'all have Would you have People White or black that would get married or anything like that? 748: Well in this section of country we haven't had that yet, I don't know anything about it I I have knowed of it, but I haven't, the only biggest thing I knowed About whites and blacks here would be I've known Several Colored women {D: with} White men, got babies while they'd And we got a lot of 'em here Uh, I tell you this little joke {NW} {NW} Uh There's a job, you know, you know there used to be, there used to be jobs that That didn't allow a nigger to work on it See? {NW} And this one fellow got a job, he'll, he's he was a, his mother was a Was a black woman He's his his his daddy was a white man Interviewer: He was a what? 748: I said his daddy was a white man Interviewer: Yeah but he was a what? 748: Well he's just a {NW} All I, all I can just tell you, he's just a Well in other words uh, they can, I don't know what, just kind of what we call a bastard, I mean {NW} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 748: #2 {NW} # But anyhow Didn't want no colored folk to work on that job, wouldn't, no no no And one fella got him a job, see they couldn't hardly tell him, you know It's just hard, say he looks so much like a Look, look white, white white, but he was, looks something, but he had colored folk ways {D: Boss} Fellow said "Well I tell you now" "I believe that's a nigger" {NW} And uh He said "I'll tell you what I'm, I'm gonna do is I, we'll all get together" "And I'll say I'm gonna do so-and-so, so-and-so" and and and he knows that, and the white folks just say "Alright" And that nigger said "Didn't nothing happen" {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What? # 748: "Didn't nothing happen" {NW} See when he come down here, "What, what about you, John?" Well I do so, "Didn't nothing happen" "Didn't, I told you that's a nigger" Course he use that word "Doesn't happen" {NW} White folk didn't use that {NW} If that's not a good one "I told y'all that was a nigger" {NW} That way he caught up with him now Interviewer: Why? 748: By saying "Didn't nothing happen" He asked him would he do such and such thing Ask this white man, "Yeah, yeah, yeah." Ask that one right here Ask that nigger "Didn't nothing happen", he said {NW} Interviewer: I can't figure out why that's funny 748: What's that? Interviewer: I can't figure out why that's funny 748: Well I, I just say it's funny to me, that's all It's funny to me Folks has different ways, you know, of catching up with folks And them that Some folks, you know, they Regard the color {NS} {NS} {X} Interviewer: Huh? 748: Some folks, you know Some folks c- can be that, can be an old ghost wrapped up Comparatively speaking In sheep's clothing And you have to Take you a long time to ever know, and like Jacob {D: uh he was} Abraham, babe of Abraham Interviewer: Who was the wife of Abraham? 748: Sarah Uh, Esau and Jacob Well uh, Jacob, Esau stole Jacob's birthright And how c-, how he managed to do it was this His mama helped him to work the trick, now {NS} Interviewer: What? 748: His mother helped him to work the trick, to get to do it Interviewer: Yeah 748: Wrap hisself up in, n- just put, old sheep, just wrapped up In in in a in in sheep wool, you know Interviewer: Yeah 748: Tie it, you know, just tie it so {D: and appear} And um All over head and hair, went all over his face and everything You know, he went talking to, he went to talking to his daddy, uh Esau did Well, Jacob He "Oh that sounds like Esau" "But it's clear you feel like Jacob" {NW} "You feel like Jacob" And so sure enough you see. And that's the way some folks here today are. Some folks is hard, hard, hard To know just who they is and what they is Interviewer: What do you mean? 748: Gotta watch a person Take time to just watch a person, watch a person, just keep, in other words they They they they they they played at being that but they're not {NS} {X} Sometimes they have you fooled Sometimes folk would have you making, uh have you thi- uh have you thinking They's a friend of yours, but just keep watching 'em Interviewer: They're just making 748: You just keep watching, you know, just keep watching {X} If he's a friend {NS} {D: It's true now today} {X} Some way, just keep watching Interviewer: Yeah #1 Some folk # 748: #2 {X} # Ain't uh, I tell you what, some fol- I always, I use this word Listen to what, what a person say and watch what he do That's the how I guess what a person is Cause a person'll say one thing and do another They'll deceive you if you ain't watching Get that, keep watching, keep a-watching, uh Just keep watching Interviewer: Yeah You know, uh Some folks Act like they know it all, you #1 Say # 748: #2 Well now that's # We, we call them smart-alecks Interviewer: They don't what, they don't know everything, they just 748: Yeah, yeah that's smart, the- they make like they know everything, try to make it seem, we just call 'em smart-aleck, "You smart-aleck, you" {NW} Interviewer: Yeah #1 He's just # 748: #2 {X} # You there are some folks think they got all the sense and ain't got none What you know what I'm saying? My God, when he made us He give us all Some knowledge He knowed what it's gonna take to run this world before he ever made it Interviewer: Amen 748: He give some folks knowledge to know what It's like I told my, know what I told my doctor once I got a good doctor, don't fool nobody I told him that God when he made the world, made man, he knowed man gonna get sick He knowed it I done, God when he created the Earth And everything, I said he put all sorts of chemicals Here and there That could do man's ill to good I said then he Put men here with knowledge of God To go just a little, just a little over here and just that To go yonder and get another another and bring 'em together Ya see? Then he put men the other didn't know how to come look down on you {NW} Say what the matter is, know which one to give If you need, if you need a, if you need so-, if you need a I'm gonna just play it so If you need laughter {D: Know you need to have a time while you're here} {D: You need to know} {X} Men enough to know how to do that God done that That's God's work, I told my doctor that I tell him all the time, I said s- {NW} I said about this though And you that God sent to me Lot of, he he got to, plain, I see, like {X} When me and, me and, me and ol' {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 You know what? # 748: #2 {NW} # {X} G- I'm talking to God now That's right Interviewer: Yeah 748: Told God the head of everything He knowed everything He knowed everything God knowed Adam was gonna Break that law he put in that garden He knowed he gonna do Course he told him not to, he told him what not to do But just left it up to him, you know Do right or do wrong See? Just left it up to him "Now if you do wrong" "Adam" "I'll drive you out of here" "Do right you can stay here" You have no trouble going {NW} Like we have, naked, running out yonder All sorts of grass, everything Rooted out of your garden and everything You wouldn't have no fun You go out there and plant, make what little stuff you want But all sorts of these insects and everything Farm insects and grass and everything else, you know Adam sinned because he went against God's law He went against it Course Eve Influenced him do it Eve first, you know, and then She said "Take it, that's just an apple it's good Adam" "Eat some of this, eat some of this, that's gone be" {NW} {X} And um When they ate it, when they eyes come open, then that is to say Somehow they standing on the high table Then what did they do "We need some clothes on" Didn't have no clothes before then, "We need some clothes on" They's got some fig leaves, put them, whatever they could get at that time, you know Make 'em a kind of wrap But God come Well Adam, Adam know what he done, done wrong, he run and hid Course they hid but God said "Where are you, Adam?" {NS} {NW} "Where are you?" God knew where they were He knew where they were Adam called out Then Adam said "This woman done so-and-so, and I done so-and-so" Since Adam broke that law A woman having a baby wouldn't been a o- o- wouldn't be one spitting She didn't have them pains and things like that {D: that modern women do} Just like I tell them folks in {NW} My Sunday school classroom {X} They told me about Just tell this little point Uh Zacchaeus He got up in a tree to see Jesus Interviewer: What kind of tree? 748: Well just a tree is all I know Interviewer: Syca- 748: Well a sycamore tree but anyhow {NW} This is what the Bible said To see Jesus I heard someone say, "He got up there" Uh uh "Trying to hide." I said no he wasn't trying to hide, now he trying to see Problem was he trying to see because he's a little bitty man Low and all, like that, and he couldn't look up all over them folks, and he had heard so much about Jesus I want to see what he looked like That's the way he done {NS} He get a good look at him Now God knowed he went up in that tree, he know it all, right When God's got this, "Look here!" "Zacchaeus come on, come down here Zacchaeus" {NW} "Come on down!" {NW} "I'm going to your house" Zacchaeus was a good man A good man Good man But he just didn't know Christ Til he see him Told, and and and, Christ said "I'm going to your house today" He went there Course I won't take time to tell you what the- what all that other happened After that, you know, c- all of this Some folks because he's um Cause he was a I'll just say he was a nigger Interviewer: What's that? 748: A negro Interviewer: Who? 748: Adam, uh I mean, Zacchaeus was Interviewer: Okay 748: And the white folk didn't like him That, that's claimed why Interviewer: Well he was a tax collector 748: That's what I just said But he was an honest man and the man had an honest job The- the- he was he was the- the government was under the they they they He was a righteous law, said government Interviewer: Yeah 748: And they was under the Roman government at that time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: But this man had, the way he lived and act around the queen See? She had {X} 748: he got a percentage out of taxes Interviewer: Yeah 748: that's where he got his pay I didn't tell this man I owed you o- ten dollars when he didn't owe but five take five puts it in my pocket he gets those together {NW} he had nothing there {X} and he always say if I've done anything now wrong I'm gonna give a stone back to you {NS} {X} said he was a nice man {NS} you know a lot of folks cheap now you know that place above short weight measure a lotta folks you know uh try to they couldn't lend you out a bushel come on uh they won't they they won't feel their best if they go {NW} my bible say shake it down shake it down let it lie low. see? that what my bible says {NW} and uh another thing they wouldn't do they go into {NW} You have so you have so much to know about what bought your Boppy's land {D: man is selling pieces} {NW} don't have that many gonna say one {X} don't have any any orders field be seventy seventy yards wide don't have a man to go out there in severe though uh sixty people I but maybe it's seventy no I kinda like it older so there's a whole lot I'm telling you the truth when you look at things and think about things well we got a whole lot to think about Interviewer: yes sir But one thing One thing my daughter had done {NW} But I know the way you lack this kinda talk now But one thing my daughter had done he's made it possible that every man can be saved if he will if he will {X} if he will first confess in his strife {NW} confess his sin now where did the sins go? sin from the seed of Adam the sins of Adam being undone sins of Adam. cause hell them sins done shit on us all that where that's what I was thinking about. and um there been some mighty good folk take that them Bob Richardsman the man had all he wanted he he he just always don't uh uh worship that above God I couldn't have this old shack here if it wasn't for God I would I wouldn't be sat up in this chair wasn't for God. {NW} I wouldn't be sitting {NW} Thank him for everything. Thank him for everything. Thank him for everything. Put him above all we say I thank God. Put God ahead of everything oh he is ahead. But I I'm an I'm an old black man that believe in the God {NW} yes sir. {NW} oh might have left them parts out there that's another thing {NW} it's a mean thing for folks to have What do you mean? 748: Well {NW} just just better if you just lover boy I'm a man and you's a man Interviewer: Yeah 748: {NW} and uh maybe I have some maybe coming on Interviewer: Well what about f different types of people? 748: Well I'll tell ya about different types of people {NW} Where'd that come from? that come from uh when Noah let's see {NW} after the flood and uh let me see now I get that right now {NS} Interviewer: Well 748: well anyhow I- the people at one time they wanted to make them a god now now I get I that that part I get that part from? another god not the living god. Make them a god Only god. Make them a god to suit themselves and they {NW} built and built and built next they want to build him a a temple or a monument to him and uh God tore all that stuff down and here's what here here here here's what oh here's what what here here's what made 'em couldn't have if if if he just or {NW} they couldn't understand {NS} if if the man said bring me some water {NS} he'd bring him something else. He he couldn't understand {NW} Interviewer: Yeah 748: bring me some bring me some some bricks he'd bring him something different then see that that that that change the language right there change the language right there Interviewer: Yeah 748: change the language poor people to talk different different languages {NS} Interviewer: Yeah {NS} 748: took a whole lot {X} Uh {NS} about that about creation about the old mind and about the world everything Interviewer: Yeah #1 mister # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {B} What r what what religion are you? What religion are you? 748: What's that? Interviewer: What religion are you? 748: Oh I'm a Baptist. Missionary Baptist {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Yeah and uh you were young when you 748: When I joined the church yes I joined the church when I was about well let's see how young I was about eighteen years old Interviewer: Yeah 748: when I joined church Interviewer: Are you a preacher? 748: No sir I'm not a preacher Interviewer: a person 748: I've had a lotta folks who I've had some few folk now who thought I was a preacher but I'm not a preacher. Interviewer: Yeah 748: Fact I ain't got an education Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} I'm less than what you call a s- a full twelve room third grade fourth grade student in school {NS} I tell in my church all the time I've told 'em that told them we got some smart alecks you know smart alecks you know cause they supposed to been to school like that in all like that course you ain't got to thinking you ain't got no sense but listen {NS} I told that um if one thing my God has blessed me with I got no education but he blessed me with this much he give me enough knowledge to to know how to read enough {NW} that I can read anything printed in English Now we've had some nice smart people in our church up there I've served in my church up there years and years I've got- {NW} Uh I've got a history {X} of it right now {NW} it's suiting to allow Sunday school. Interviewer: Yes. 748: that's truth {NS} suits and a Bible Sunday school Interviewer: Yeah 748: I'm not perfect. I'll do a lot a things wrong {NW} but listen it uh I told them up there one time I was on the phone {NW} uh about uh I do a lot a things wrong but I says that fine with me God's made {X} with blood I say I got a tree a builds- I got a tree a beat out there {NW} something I do wrong Interviewer: lot a people do things wrong. 748: yeah why sh- do wrong {NS} That fountain that come on he said it can give you anything except sin against the holy ghost everything except sin against the holy ghost {NS} Do wrong confess it confess it to him Interviewer: Yes. 748: if you do wrong do your your future brother-in-law Confess it him I treat you wrong sir Interviewer: Yeah Interviewer: tell me about your early days in school 748: {NW} Well my early days at school I'll just tell ya {NW} {NS} Hmm one of the first day I first time I went to school little big ol' kid of about six years start six years old Interviewer: You started in the what Well I started in the in grammar school you might say six year I was six years old What grade? You started in uh 748: Well in first grade Interviewer: the pre- the 748: First grade Interviewer: the primer? 748: Yeah primer. and uh {NS: bells ringing} {NW} one thing about it I I was staring up at a little fellow and and and wanted to pee and peed all over the pee peed all over there {NW} {NW} I'll tell ya another thing. My schooling {NW} I remember five years that I got to go to school five days I went four day one a them years them one {X} well here's the reason why {NW} My father was a poor sickly man. He had asthma and sometimes Uh you could hear that old man get his breath oiled out couldn't lay down just he's had to sit up care how cold it was or how hot {X} And the only thing that he ever did get for that Interviewer: #1 Could he ever sleep? # 748: #2 {X} # What's that? Interviewer: Could he sleep? 748: No he couldn't sleep nothing all of that The only help he could get to that asthma {NW} #1 that's what he used to do # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: was a little bit of dry powder poured out over the head and sitting the {X} {NW} and inhale that got over but anyhow it makes a long story short Now he wasn't down all the time but I had to work when I got up big enough to learn how to plow got a horse up and down the road and plow and all like that and {NW} take a hole and cut the grass out there {NS} move the cart and the corn and stuff like that I had to work and then listen {NS} Oh we worked on share and when we laid the crop by in a year times are hard my daddy would help me out. see need a little money to live on I couldn't even get to school Interviewer: #1 yeah # 748: #2 {X} # I didn't get to go to school {NW} I stayed with the old man no I didn't pr I didn't run off and leave him I stayed back there and he said {NW} He he he told me man {NW} I tell you son you can go how come he told me? I wasn't mean now to him because now {NS} Uh as his second he had his third wife and she was you know poor thing Interviewer: What happened to his other two wives? 748: Both died. My mother died and he married another woman and uh now the next one he married they separated the second one {NW} {NS} and then the third woman and they didn't have no he didn't have no children by his uh second wife. {NW} But the third wife they had a bunch of children little great big bunch a little children you know and I then and I had to work over there that's how I went to get my education {NS} Interviewer: Yeah how many'd you have around the house? 748: Oh he had about eh about Interviewer: What were their names? 748: oh lord I'm a tell you the truth {NW} Um let me see Tom {NW} Eddie and uh {X} Mary Willy and let me see Interviewer: Yeah 748: Anyhow I I know there's there's several more {X} {NS} Interviewer: anyone named Moore? uh 748: what's that? Interviewer: Martha? 748: No I mean they couldn't have anyone named Martha Interviewer: Name what? 748: I have a sister named Mary but not Martha {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 748: Got a half sister named Mary Interviewer: #1 yeah # 748: #2 She's a half-sister # I never did have but one whole sister Interviewer: You remember that old song wait 'til the sun shines {X} You ever heard of the- Well a girl's named beginning with H would be 748: What's that? Interviewer: A girl's name beginning with H 748: Well I never have heard the {X} the definition you won't hear me trying to tell you something Interviewer: you ever heard any a a girl's name beginning with H? 748: uh Heard of a girl's name begin with H? Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well sure I got a I got a niece now lives in California name's her name's Haley {X} Interviewer: Any other ones? 748: And then I know plenty other folks names that start with H got a got a got a got a got a got a got a got a half {NS} Got a cousin right down the street sure his name start with Henry his name his his name Henry. his name started with H Interviewer: Yeah 748: Got this girl Haley was talking about my my brother-in-law that oh his name starts with Haley Al is his name you see? Interviewer: Yeah Now he- uh H woman's name Helen? {NS} 748: Well Interviewer: you ever heard of a woman's name beginning with N? 748: What? Interviewer: With N? {NS} Nep- Nem- Nel- 748: Well I've heard of I know people named Nel- {D: Naday} Interviewer: Yeah 748: and all like that an older white friend a mine her name is Nelly Interviewer: Yeah 748: Nelly Good Interviewer: Yeah 748: Do not say white men some some folks may not {NW} at least some I know some colored folk would may not like the way you say it but I say it well I I say we're good friends {D: among white folk now cause} {NW} Lemme tell you another thing friendship ain't just for the now friendship is what you do That's right Interviewer: Why's that? 748: a friendship a friendship a friend if he see you in need help regardless of race creed or color He comes to {NS} he come until he help you just like a {NW} I was down at Kroger store one day {NW} and I stepped over that step and down I went couple of white boys {D: damn it} {NW} white boy I didn't know them they didn't know if that boy hadn't have helped me up there I know I'd have {NW} see humanity reach out for humanity didn't do like him like that old priest Not what we'd write down When they saw that poor republican {D: thou commit sin done wrong} Priests now {X} {NW} Oh my goodness they religious folk he saw him didn't do a thing about it {NW} another lesson officer and the and the church {X} He saw him didn't do a thing for him But listen {NS} {NW} I can't come up with the name {X} {NW} Interviewer: samaritan 748: yeah there god samaritan yeah when he passed by listen when he'd look {X} he went and done something wrong. see I had a friend I had a friend. {X} {NS} right up on that road there he had a wreck. Interviewer: What road's that? 748: I mean that road out there uh Ivory circle they had a wreck right up that road there and I goes up there one time {NS} well down here just about where where you go turning off coming into my house Interviewer: #1 this is your what out here? # 748: #2 well # What's that? Interviewer: This is your what? 748: My home you mean? Interviewer: Well out front is your? coming into your house 748: Well uh the east I don't know what you call it road or east Interviewer: this road you turn off to coming to your house. It's a 748: Well we call that a side road Well anyhow there's a bunch around him people of course they of course they was white folks of course um just a bunch around. helping helping. I goes on up to see who who was in the other car I didn't know who was in the other car I goes on up there I see {NW} and I got up there and there was a negro man laying down didn't know he was in the world and a white man listen a white man and then he tells us looking nice looking white man w- he's down on him {NW} you see humanity but reach out for him now. Regularly he said to me He says well listen he says I got him to now he says you hold your hand here just a few minutes he'll be all right I'll go around here and see if I can help some other folks see that's what you call a friend. there you treat the whole lot of people {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 748: So I won't have time to talk much more now cuz I've got some other things I wanna get done. I've got to go to {D: ducktown} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I'm about to get my {X} But I'm glad to talk with you Interviewer: Yeah I'm glad to talk with you too. 748: {NW} Interviewer: Could you- Could you- do another interview with me sometime tomorrow? Would that be okay? 748: Well lemme see now. Tomorrow tomorrow tomorrow. Interviewer: I can give you some money for for your inter for interviewing with me. I I like to #1 give you something # 748: #2 let me see # Tomorrow tomorrow tomorrow. {NS} I'm a have to keep myself together now see what what's gonna be done whether I could tomorrow here sometime but I don't know I got a sister coming sometime tomorrow but I don't know what time she coming Interviewer: Yeah 748: She coming from California. Interviewer: Really? 748: Coming from California. Interviewer: what about later on this afternoon? Would you have time then? 748: Well it'll be it'll be I'll tell ya they have to be around say around 4 o'clock Interviewer: that'll be fine 748: Because tell you why my my appointment with the doctor is two thirty {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 748: well {X} {NS} my doctor don't do it like some doctor used to do now back one {NW} {NS} who taking a {X}? {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: now that's true my doctor wanted to do that {NS} lemme tell ya one thing about me {NW} I was up there in the doctor's office one day I didn't have one didn't go on no appointment you know. I just went up there to see him He just told me to come back in about two weeks or something like that. {NS} well I didn't have no hour appointment or something like that. Well when I walked in I was sitting down and there was a colored man she had had a place for the colored and a place for the white. I was there in the colored room. The colored man was sitting there and oh my lord that man he just sitting up there talking and he said something said {X} wait on the wait on the wait on the niggers just took on the white folk. after a while that man was {X} You know what I said to that man? here's what I said to him I said listen mister I didn't know his name {NW} I said there's one thing I want you to remember {NW} that we poor colored folk don't even have a colored doctor in Union County That's what I tell him A long way we got to go. a long way we got to go we don't have a colored doctor in union county now that {X} he listened there and he hushed too and here goes his brother then now listen plenty white folks sitting there they they rather come walking out {NW} he there talking up about this nigger {X} Satan Satan Satan there his brother comes walking {NW} I wonder if that nigger think about that after he left after what I told him but I stopped him and I told I said we don't have a colored doctor we used to have them we don't have any a colored doctor in Union County. Interviewer: Yeah 748: not El Dorado I'm talking about Union County Interviewer: who do you make an appointment with? 748: hmm? Interviewer: when you go 748: wha- who who my doctor Interviewer: yeah who you make and appointment with 748: my doctor you know #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 has # has he got private 748: Well I'll tell ya about my doctor {X} the more I go there he's just said well {NW} I'll see ya in said don't don't go {X} he said I'll see you see you in in a month I just to the to the to the desk and I tell the lady there Interviewer: She's a 748: and she's a #1 clerical # Interviewer: #2 se- # 748: I'd say Interviewer: #1 se- # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: secretary 748: Yeah secretary but anyhow Interviewer: did ya what? 748: well I'd say a secretary could call a sec- anything tell you what Interviewer: Yeah 748: {NW} and she said I said well doctor well I'd come the end of the month and she'd look over her books But uh listen boys see B-T What about such and such day? I said well that'll be alright. Such and such hour? That'll be alright. She'd throw the card and all I gotta do when I go in is stick the card in there Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 748: Now some people go to a doctor now that's another different thing some folks don't think about some people you go to a doctor and ain't got no appointment and folks without appointments they won't they not going to take you without no appointments you know that? Interviewer: What's that I hear right there? 748: {NW} you know what that back in there is? Interviewer: Yeah 748: {NW} I be a spirit hanger spirits we call 'em Interviewer: Ah come on you pulling my leg. What is that? 748: What is that? Interviewer: What is that smell? #1 Somebody # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: cooking back there aren't they? 748: Yeah come here I got to go back there. You're going to kill him now the smoke my goodness oh Lord I had to hold the doors and the windows and let it out and uh I have some ribs cooking {NS} {D: they done burned black} {D: done burned white with burnt on black} and um and that {X} what did you think? that too Well uh I come {X} and I'm glad I did after I found out better late one story I know is he's got a some neat little cooking thing you can carry around but you have to use coal see? Interviewer: Yeah {NS} 748: and now they got some electric ones now uh them the same one I got sitting right there on the table right back there I can put a chicken note right up there on the board. put them by a cup a water {NS} couple of couple cups of water and uh {X} you see {X} they don't live here. come back Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well I'm gonna get on look right there bit of that little water still in there {NW} boy little ol' thing back here right now. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I don't blame it on him now I bought me one a them things Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} yeah but I didn't yeah what I had to cook on then I didn't have in that thing but having um uh you have and said somewhere there's a smell and I went back there and that the water just just just just cooked off {NS} Interviewer: Yeah {NS} 748: we didn't have that in the cooker {NS} Interviewer: um now what sorta let me ask you just one more a few more questions What sort of uh clothes did folks wear back in the old days? What do you wear to church? 748: Well I'll tell ya {NS} We had a had a cloth they call homespun. homespun cloth and uh they made shirts folks made shirts. Women made shirts out of that cloth. women made dresses out of that cloth you see need different colors and uh say uh they had a stuff they'd call bleaching and they had another cloth they call domestic that was white and that's uh uh bleaching uh uh your white cloth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 748: buy bulks of that see you could make uh under cloth things like that Interviewer: if yeah if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she'd take a little piece of cloth to use as a as a what? As a 748: As a kind of Interviewer: se- 748: a pattern or a #1 what do you call that a kind of a # Interviewer: #2 se- # #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 some # uh I don't know what you call that Interviewer: Well do you ever get anything through the mail? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: They might give you something through the mail as a free 748: Yeah. Interviewer: you know you get a bar of soap 748: Yeah. Interviewer: For a what? 748: Well you get a bar a soap now you could if you mean get the bar of soap or just Interviewer: #1 Through the mail. # 748: #2 through the mail # Interviewer: #1 Just give it to you # 748: #2 out the mail # If I could get a bar of soap {D: for fifteen cents} Interviewer: Yeah. with no when they say that Would they ever send you anything in the mail? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Like what? 748: I've had I've had soaps and I've had uh just uh voluntarily sent to me. and I've had uh Interviewer: Yeah they say that's a free 748: Yeah well free gift in other words its an advertisement Interviewer: Yeah they want you to do what? 748: {NW} you can get another {X} Interviewer: They want you to s- to 748: buy buy something go buying Interviewer: Yeah and they send you this as a what? 748: uh uh uh a sample they want you to I call it a sample Interviewer: Yeah 748: a sample you prove it out yourself. Send me a bar of soap You take that soap and you you that soap is good #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: you know that's good there that's good soap well uh thing about that you know then uh I'm gonna buy me some that then Interviewer: Yeah. I'm gonna tell you a thing about soap now. My mother-in-law a good old woman {NW] She got old and she couldn't keep She didn't keep herself cleaned up good Especially a woman in the way of her discharge and uh and you could smell her sometimes around the house and I How'd she smell? you said she smelled 748: oh just kind of funky you know I'd say #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah 748: Well my wife got to her {X} made me get a {NW} and I saw an advertisement didn't get a sample now but I saw an advertisement in the paper to get this here um uh It ain't it ain't {X} think it's called it but there's uh you know I got some of the soap in there and I can't call the name and I bought her some of that soap and I be washing with that soap you know smell that? take all that scent just keep it all you have to do is just keep cleaning with soap. see Like uh {NW} {NW} like way back yonder when folk didn't have any washtub didn't know didn't I mean that like these bathtubs now a whole lotta them got it now but {NW} didn't have them things to get of uh some of 'em just take a pan and water yourself some of 'em take a little foot tub or a little little something like a tub little tub you know Well some of 'em get out and some of them uh kind of like a washtub but uh uh you can't reach well they had to get one little rag you know Interviewer: Yeah. You use a towel 748: use this one rag on uh uh this one rag on it and so {NW} I walked in one day my wife was taking a bath like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 748: and there's places she couldn't reach there she couldn't reach 'em she couldn't reach 'em the back I don't know Interviewer: What'd you say? 748: {NW} That's just what I'm saying now whole lotta ways to kill a cat besides choking them to death on butter. {NW} now that's just an old saying {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} Interviewer: Now what would a woman wear around here in the kitchen? 748: apron. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: she should have that apron tie that apron around on you #1 she can # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Now she might say this is a pretty dress but this one's even 748: well I don't want to get that nothing on that on the dress you know Interviewer: Yeah. 748: and my my {NW} my my nice dress maybe they come to church maybe sometime don't wanna go and put on their everyday clothes. nothing like that maybe they ain't got time. {NW} Just get an apron and put it on you see. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Tie it around. And that keeps all the stuff off {NS} Interviewer: {NW} Um you know she talking about a dress she'd say My that's a pretty dress I can't make up my mind That's one's pretty but I think this one's even 748: b-better Interviewer: yeah that's one's pretty but I this one's even 748: prettier Interviewer: prettier 748: Well that's what you yeah. {X} Interviewer: Trying to make couldn't make my mind up 748: You see that all the time Interviewer: Yeah. 748: some look better Interviewer: When a man wears the goes What does a man wear when he goes to church? 748: Well a man we wear I'll tell ya what we wear. We usually wear coats and pants shirt tie. Things like that I'm not talking about your underwear. Interviewer: Yeah or you might have something uh 748: Well folks used to have vests I tell you what you know folk gotta sharp way of uh they make you buy things you know course people {D: and of course want you know be stylish} {X} {NS} I can remember way back yonder {NS} that they made a They made a thing that you put over over your neck around that way and put it down the {X} put your coat on and then you look alright Yeah I've seen that {NW} men go used to buy suits long time ago with a vest {D: but not up here {X}} {NW} Well the folk go a way a knowing wanna make you buy things then they quit making vests. {NW} Well folk buy them a suit without a vest because they keep saying no. Now they done gone back to making vests {NW} #1 you see that don't you? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Yeah. 748: {NW} I went to a store there not too long ago. Interviewer: What'd you buy? bought yourself a 748: no I went to the store not long ago {NS} and I just happened to have a vest that you could buy you could buy you a vest course it may it won't be made it may not be the color of your suit but you can buy you a vest of any kind the man told me uh {X} {B} said we just sold there one of {X} {NS} {NW} Interviewer: B-W {B} 748: B-W {B} Interviewer: #1 yeah # 748: #2 man had a # good old man to me Interviewer: He's a nice man. 748: Oh me me me {NS} and that man was a man to me and he had a son I went to the funeral. there's some colored folks don't do much about going to white funeral white folks don't do much about going to colored but then some do he had a son pass young uh I thought it was this year yeah must have had {X} I was there too and when I went there you heard that have you seen that paper where where that nigger want to do? uh uh uh {NW} uh {D: part of them} called the church didn't you Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 748: {NW} Interviewer: I know that man 748: {NW} No but You know the man? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: the one that do that? Interviewer: I know. Taylor King that's his name 748: Well. Interviewer: I met him before 748: he was just wanna {X} Well It's like this Uh If he and I were standing in line. Well I don't talk to him won't let him come inside Well he want to come in and tell him act like he's taking over well uh I mentioned to these folks I said well I would like to be to the funeral and here's what they told me they said man come on we'll see that you're taken care of {NS} They didn't send me way up down the back nowhere {NW} immersion {X} {NW} uh first baptist church there on the main street in El Dorado they rushing when they seen me coming they come and get I came all but come and get the old man. help me on up the steps {NW} skirted on down the aisle. skirt this old black nigger on down the aisle! then listen {NW} down there well I'm not gonna sit say I sat on a reserved seat I wouldn't say that going to tell you a reason why. {NW} but the next seat ahead of me I was reserved but I had a white friend you see sitting on the seat that was was was behind me {NW} {D: and then the rest of pass him} we went to pass him he just said man here uh boy sit down here and I sit down there with him see. {NW} well I got ready to come out of the church them ushers took the old man {D: on and out} {D: and on and out} on down and out can you make it now? Yeah. {NW} #1 aw # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 748: lemme tell you this another thing When my wife died. Lord have mercy whites men that know me. {NS} come to compliment me They done it. They done it. They done it. white folks was at that funeral that day. boy I have a cold alright. they're a delight get along with them get along with them. {X} little old something you see see sticking up right over there under that picture? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I went to a Myrtle Grove I worked at Myrtle Grove for years as a janitor. Interviewer: Where is Myrtle Grove? 748: Myrtle Grove was a school you know. and it's up here all through west or north {X} but anyhow. uh they wanted to have a reunion at school. and they said man we want you to be there. said we'll see to it that you get there and see that you get back. I went. and I the only black bird in the bunch but let me tell you the truth I never enjoyed a a social in the all the days of my life than I did that day. {NS} Why? Because so many of them folks friends now. {X} Now listen. Some of them pats do it just cause it's there's somebody up there. You know that? {NW} but some are being honest. some are sincere but some of them folk come up and shake hand man because somebody had done it here. To that you shouldn't here out in this country a white man shook the hand shook the hand of a nigger know what you do? look around see {X} the other white people them white folks shook hands with a nigger {NS} White folks will be treating you whether or not you you's the man if you's a woman if she's a woman it'll prove it they meet you anywhere The crowd don't get so big. Nothing My goodness alive {NW} Interviewer: Yup {NW} 748: See? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} Interviewer: if you're going to a wedding something like that you couldn't wear your your old suit you'd have to go out and buy a 748: Well I'll tell ya about that Interviewer: You might you know if you wanted to get fancied up you wou- 748: Well lemme tell you the truth about me If I want to go to a wedding and I had to go through all that I just wouldn't go I'm a just tell you the truth I wouldn't go I ain't going nowhere {X} Interviewer: Yeah But you know 748: If I can't dress up in nice old clean clothes well Interviewer: {NW} but you know years ago uh when was it you bought your first you bought your first you you know when you were a young boy your daddy might a take you town and buy a 748: {NW} Interviewer: He'd buy a what? 748: Well maybe he was going to buy me some pants he get me some new pants Interviewer: Yeah. #1 or he # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: he might buy you a whole 748: {X} coat you know but but at the same time them pants or we'd be needing pants. Interviewer: Yeah what would you wear around the farm? 748: Well on the farm well children would need need pants some of 'em little kids then got to look {NW} and sometimes was was when it had no long long shirt Interviewer: {NW} 748: Shirt tail {NW} that's right Interviewer: Yeah Well a man might wear what? bib 748: Well a man uh neck tie sometimes Interviewer: Yeah but around the farm he'd wear 748: Oh around the farm uh he just a man he'd wear a say a shirt and pants {NS} Interviewer: #1 yeah # 748: #2 and and then a morning shirt. # you know that's what they wear. They wear pants shirt and pants but they not it's not I mean one more time came fine cold weather might wear a coat pants and something like that. Interviewer: yeah. {NS} and did you ever see them Them things that they'd wear that become 748: wear coveralls yeah coveralls Interviewer: Yeah. They call them over 748: Yeah. Well now listen Coverall I never seen coverall until several years ago but and uh plus you wanted to have something they made overalls Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Them overalls have a long {X} {NW} Just like them pants you got on there now they got a long something like that need a {X} or whatever Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {D: you have it rolled up now} Interviewer: These are what? These are blue 748: yeah I just call them Interviewer: britches? 748: Yeah britches britches yeah but when they made when they made old old {X} men wore {X} {NW} Why they there you seen men wear overall and I said well uh as I said they got on up there and maybe got some pockets up there and they got Interviewer: Have buttons 748: Yeah b- buckles you know the pants taking it back out. Interviewer: or a shirt a shirt's got what got 748: Well shirt's got buttons on it Interviewer: buttons on it right 748: buttons {X} Interviewer: Um now you might say if your old suit wore out you'd have to buy a 748: a new one a a new buy another yeah buy a suit Interviewer: a what? 748: {NW} well just say a new suit of clothes Interviewer: a what 748: a new suit of clothes Interviewer: Yeah. um 748: just like these pants wore out I had to buy me another pair of pants. Interviewer: Yeah. You know if you had a coat you might say Now this coat won't fit this year. I can't understand because last year it {NS} 748: Well now I'll tell you about that I got a bunch a stuff sent to me from California a man had a l had had a showed him he he had to lose a lot of weight Interviewer: Yeah. 748: see? tell him to lose a lot of weight and uh Interviewer: #1 and his clothes # 748: #2 he he didn't want to # throw 'em away and he he sent them to me. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Course he had to go to wearing smaller clothes like that old foot there I used to wear I used to wear uh number tens. Whole time my number. well my toes got bigger now I wear elevens Interviewer: Yeah. his clothes um {NW} after he lost weight #1 they didn't # 748: #2 I think well # he just had to buy some that fit him Interviewer: they didn't fit him right? 748: I mean by gosh {X} it's like if I if I buy a belt. and uh in other words Interviewer: what does a belt say on it when it's cow hide? 748: Well Interviewer: What's it say it says 748: well uh some of 'em just says leather belt so uh Interviewer: Yeah what does it say? 748: leather belt Interviewer: Ge- it says uh it'll say what? Gen- {NS} this is not imitation it's 748: Oh well yeah talking about yeah leather Interviewer: Yeah well you say guaranteed 748: well if it was guaranteed to be leather it ought to be leather if it's nothing not don't put no guarantee on it what Interviewer: #1 yeah # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: it's not fake it's 748: {NW} Interviewer: it what genu- Yeah I thought I had one written on my belt but I but I don't Um 748: I I've got a belt {X} Interviewer: Yeah Well you know after that man had lost weight his clothes didn't {NS} 748: well his clothes fit him they're just too in other words too big they don't {X} Interviewer: Clothes didn't fit him but but before they 748: They fit him Interviewer: they fit him 748: or they lost weight just like another thing if you gain weight sometime you wear sometime when I wear clothes this fits this time and about what picking up weight getting too tight I'm a have to get something bigger. Interviewer: Yeah 748: I'll start to get something bigger that's all {NS} Interviewer: yeah {NS} 748: all there is to it. Interviewer: you know when you when you're going buy a pecan tree and you put a lot of stuff a lot of pecans in your pockets it makes them 748: well according to {X} Interviewer: makes 'em b- makes 'em 748: make 'em bulge out {X} Interviewer: Yeah. You know what what would happen when you put say a cotton shirt in in the water in hot water it made it. it made it do what? It made it sh- 748: draw up Interviewer: draw up you say it's 748: well I'll tell you cotton don't wad up it's wool will. Interviewer: wool 748: yeah wool will cotton won't do that Interviewer: you say 748: yes cotton you can put that in water it ain't going to draw up. Interviewer: I put my wool shirt in the water and it #1 shr- # 748: #2 no # here here here you go see see there's a certain way you gotta wash wool. Interviewer: or it'll shr- it'll 748: Don't you don't you. You'll make it go way little you can't wash it the same you can't just take wool and just and put it in the pot and boil boil it. You can't take wool clothes through that. Interviewer: Or else it'll shr- it'll shr- 748: It'll swell up or or or stretch out. lose its shape. {NW} you try to do it that way. Interviewer: Yeah Well You said you never did you never did go to them 748: No I said no I I would again I said the thing that goes keep them together one thing would be all the church revival Interviewer: Yes sir 748: first of all first find an organist next thing is bring the folks together with dances next thing was school children programs. Interviewer: what do you mean? 748: well just say it's going school employees they have a program out to him in school Interviewer: at the end of school when school 748: when the school closed you know have a program there and um folk singing and children having {D: speeches and speeches} one thing or another like that. {NW} and uh that's one thing little like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh {NS} well sir Um {NW} when a girl like to say when she'd getting ready to go dance or something like that when she like to put on her best dress you'd say she was 748: Well I'll tell you about that I told you I never go dancing Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 748: #2 I know # {X} I never been to moon land or anything in my life I didn't go dancing I don't know about that but in church well sometime they wanna go to church and wanna put on their best clothes Interviewer: Yeah and they start 748: getting ready and all looking around them other {NS} Uh brushing them up see if it's clean Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. 748: and uh Interviewer: You'd say they're 748: and pressing if they need pressing things like that Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} You'd say they're doing what? 748: Well they getting ready for that Interviewer: Spend a lot of time in front of the mirror 748: Yeah yeah that's right standing forward looking in the glass you know combing their hair. and a {D: brush through the room when running all looking back to see how they look.} sometime put on their dress and turn around look in the glass. Interviewer: yeah 748: look around see if its see see if it's fitting all right in the back Interviewer: she's all She'd get all 748: what's that? Interviewer: you she'd get all what folks would say she's all 748: Well after she get all dressed up sometime she say well I'm ready to go now. Interviewer: Okay. and a man he would what would he do? He would 748: Well a man tell you what a man would do. He's going out. He's gonna go out take his bath shave get him up some clean clothes put them on he's ready to go Interviewer: Do you like to uh do that? 748: Yeah I like to do that when I'm getting ready to go places. I went I went to the doctor yesterday and I went to church Sunday Interviewer: Excuse me? 748: I said I went to church Sunday. I got up and cleaned up everything got everything up Got ready to go to church and went to church had a good service. Interviewer: Yeah 748: Went to church Interviewer: You say you were pri- uh You'd say a woman was {NS} primping up or 748: Well I say a woman was primping up you know Interviewer: Yeah. 748: seeing how her dress fit and how her hair was all brushed up and everything like that. a man he's wash up shave up put on his clothes and see how he looks Interviewer: Say he's doing what? 748: Then he's ready to go we're getting ready to go to church Interviewer: okay 748: I'm go hear the service yeah. Interviewer: A woman might wear might carry a what? She'd carry a 748: Well she got a handbag Interviewer: or a pur- uh 748: a handbag or purse whatever you want to call it Interviewer: Yeah and #1 around her wrist # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 she'd wear a # 748: #2 {X} # sometimes if they have them they'll put a wristwatch on if they have it Interviewer: or a just a an ornamental br- uh 748: Well a bracelet or something like that yeah. I have seen that Interviewer: Um around her around her uh 748: well around the neck? a woman usually has nice beads you know beads Interviewer: #1 Yeah. thing a beads # 748: #2 thing of beads # hanging around her neck. Interviewer: Yeah would uh. Now what if they were if they were pearls? 748: Well pearls would be her nice beads you know Interviewer: Yeah. something they'd say. They're not imitation they're those aren't imitation diamonds you might say those are thats a 748: Well you know Interviewer: Genu- 748: poor folk didn't have them diamonds but they had nice pearl be-beads or something little like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: See that's what they had Interviewer: But some of them rich folks #1 might wear a # 748: #2 well rich folks # they have them diamonds things like that. Interviewer: They wouldn't have a fake diamond they'd have a gen- uh You'd say they had a a genui- 748: genuine diamond or pearl or something like that. Interviewer: yeah 748: rich folk would Interviewer: right. What would a man wear to hold his trousers up? 748: well he wore suspenders. Interviewer: yeah 748: sometime or some suspenders or a belt. Interviewer: yeah #1 and a woman # 748: #2 just like I got on a belt now. # hold my trousers. Sometimes they and suspenders they pull them up over they over they uh up on the shoulders you know put on the pants pull them up over their shoulder. Interviewer: yeah #1 they call them # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: they call them 748: {X} something they call them {X} {NW} yeah Interviewer: #1 now # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: when it rained a woman would hold a 748: well when it rains she should have a she'll have an umbrella. {X} Interviewer: yeah. now I know you farm some uh I'd like you to tell me a little about the land here. uh is the land very is the land very good land here? 748: well we have some pretty fair land here. However we have to use fertility till most of it if we want it to do well. Interviewer: The land's not 748: yeah it ain't got enough fertility or something in it I done went to had to buy stuff for your fertilizer fertilizer see had to go that you know Interviewer: if uh if the land itself is good you say 748: well if the land is if the land is good we don't need put nothing in it. Sometimes stuff will grow too fast. Interviewer: yeah you say the land is very fer 748: is very productive. Interviewer: fer fer 748: just just say good or I call it. Woodland. Interviewer: fertile? 748: yeah. Interviewer: #1 what? # 748: #2 Yeah I would you say fertile. # Interviewer: fertile land. um now the kind of low flat land along a river it's 748: #1 flat old flatland is on the river # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 748: why it wasn't good to cultivate. I want to say that land was good just to grow timber. cause uh down flat and wet you could whack them down. Interviewer: Why is that? 748: well because it uh there's two things about it if it's down around the river in the bottom like that two things about it. one of them is that it's wet the next one is a hard now. A hard pack now. cause the Interviewer: and the soil doesn't 748: and the soil won't won't produce nothing but timber. Interviewer: What about water? 748: Well timber bush anything like that Interviewer: what about water on the soil? 748: water? Interviewer: yeah 748: well water uh we have had some springs would get water just spring water running out the ground. Make a hole there for the something in there and and tote all that water out of that spring. Good water I've seen some of the best water ever I've seen come out of that spring now. Go on and get some spring water those big springs {D: flowing we had now to to} to a lot of about about two three hundred yards from my house Interviewer: really? Can you drink it? 748: well sure man my good {X} that's some of the best water ever ever you can take Interviewer: can I drink some of it? 748: sure you could but they not here now Interviewer: What it's dry? 748: I mean uh uh the water's alright I said if you had some you could drink it. But ain't none here. I told that spring maybe two or three hundred yards from here. I'll told the woods out and and they're down in in the end of the banks. in the back of a {D: land} where that spring runs out at. Interviewer: #1 now a branch is # 748: #2 we we # we going to we call it the back uh ol' big spring. Interviewer: a branch is a what? 748: I'll tell you what a branch is a branch is a thing like a small stream of water on over here and after the water runs off here like the creeks and to another one that makes a little bigger creek. then it runs off into a little ones Interviewer: yeah where two creeks'll come together. 748: where two creeks come together {NW} we say a river. Interviewer: yeah. you ever seen the place in a river where it'll kind of fork or something like that? You'd say that was the what of the river 748: well I tell you I've seen uh rivers forks where that's concerned I've seen I've seen little might say little mounds or something where like that go up the river the water has to go around it. Your little mound there and um stuff growing and uh cattle oh not the cattle but other vermin and things squirrels and things like that play on it. and uh course not on the river forks why we just name it something else Interviewer: yeah 748: see? Interviewer: yeah 748: just like we got a river here we call it here we call it Wachitaw river Interviewer: yeah 748: well we got another river we call Selene river. and the other rivers different names you see Interviewer: around here? have you got any what about the water in the neighborhood? Did it did you got a place right down there? What is that back there? Just over the hill? 748: just over the hill Interviewer: yeah there's bridge across what? 748: Well that bridge there we call it the Mathus Mill Creek and how come we call it Mathus Mill Creek it was a creek a bank like formed well here about a mile or two up here up over the road Interviewer: yeah 748: and uh and that bank made a good big tree. big big branch and he'd run over and down and how come we call it Mathus Mill Creek because uh it uh Mathus owned that land back up there where that branch started there. A real nigger there. Interviewer: yeah 748: you see Called it Mathus Mill Creek. Interviewer: back up on the on the was it on top of a 748: well it kind of on a Interviewer: do you want me to 748: yeah that fan was Interviewer: #1 what? # 748: #2 {X} # fan on that door. so it won't be blowing over Interviewer: the door's open you want me to 748: no no I don't I don't want it open. Just shut it there. Now Then we won't get no racket. {NS} Interviewer: yeah okay now right here we're down in the what 748: we down in some kind of flat why we call it flats. over here in a flat people {D: call it} a flat. Interviewer: yeah. But there's some this kind of rolling land here. 748: that's right. Interviewer: yeah. 748: rolling land. Interviewer: uh is it flat now above here or 748: well I'll tell you. it plays a {X} Interviewer: yeah. 748: because uh uh it takes out right right out in front of my eyes that's flat down there. Interviewer: {NW} 748: well you see it {X} out there when you cultivate I can't cultivate that down there too wet but if it raises up you know your cultivating ground where I've raised some of the best stuff I I've ever grown in town. take my brother in law last time had to buy a tractor down there uh if anybody wants {X} beg for time he ain't got to even go to the warehouse {NW} he's our brother in law. He knows how to read Interviewer: yeah. 748: He specializes in truck {D: pulling} which I've raised a lot of truck stuff myself but he's raised it to sell. and he specializes in {D: truck pulling} and he raises uh he don't raise cotton he raises corn for sale {X} {X} he raise peas. different kinds of peas. in his garden he raises the hot potatoes sweet potatoes Interviewer: yeah what do you call them? 748: well hot potatoes is just a all I know we uh Interviewer: {X} 748: all I know is just ice cream Interviewer: yeah 748: a sweet potato is something you bake it and it uh it's good you know to eat raw I mean you just bake. Interviewer: {X} 748: hot potatoes are the {X} you have to cook them I mean have to boil in them. Interviewer: what different types of sweet potatoes? 748: well we've got several different types of them. we we used to have we used to have an old tin heavy foil well I'll just take a two. oh with Spanish yam and then we had uh what you call a yellow yam Interviewer: yeah 748: and then we got uh let me see red red potato just a red potato just a big ol' red potato Interviewer: yeah 748: and when it made why you could cook it it was good but if you bake a bunch of it it almost turned like cornbread through heating them red potatoes. Interviewer: yeah 748: yellow potatoes I told you about that they're good to bake you bake them they're good you kind of Interviewer: now what are yams? 748: what's a yam? Well all I know we just call them uh {NW} just uh potato {NW} pumpkin yam you know like that's just I don't know what the yam mean Interviewer: yeah you say pumpkin? 748: yeah pumpkin yam. and we raise a pumpkin now we raise a real pumpkin Interviewer: yeah 748: they're big they're big things Interviewer: yeah 748: and peel them {X} and cut them up cook them and make pie or anything else you want then just as as a as a as a dessert meal dessert or you make pie and things like that Interviewer: you're raising little red vegetables? 748: red vegetable well the only red vegetable I raised I raised beets beets is just uh a vegetable that comes up and the only way you and the only way that particular vegetable is used is is is is boiled get it good and done then you put {NW} vinegar and salt stuff like in it then {X} just like you buy a a beet pickled out of the store. cucumbers the same way cucumbers uh grow out on vines where you take them the cucumber seeds some folks take get little big ones and put them in vinegar shred them up and then you heat them with salt to take the eat them eat them raw if you wanted just take a little salt and {X} do it that way. Same thing about onions Interviewer: yeah 748: you take onions and Interviewer: #1 you got those little # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: fresh ones maybe 748: yeah onions in usually different ways you know we got up there we have there we have a a little bitty I call it a little {X} you might say. Interviewer: yeah 748: then they have the big onions that grow big you know and you can serve them eat them raw or you can cook them they they good cooked. Interviewer: yeah what kind of vegetables would you like in a soup? 748: in a soup? well I tell you what I like in a soup. best. I like uh say well like okra some okra Interviewer: yeah 748: {NW} and I like uh uh little little pepper be little pepper cut up in it street pepper or or hot pepper cut up in it and uh and a little uh well you might put a little lettuce or something like that in it that's about all I Interviewer: how much what do you raise how do you raise lettuce? How much do you raise? 748: lettuce? well you plant it down and it grows just like just like any other greens you know you you don't have to plant a whole lot you can plant a row or seven depends on a whole lot lettuce you need a lot of folks {X} some of them they just {X} the head up Interviewer: yeah 748: and just like the head up just like a {X} Interviewer: yeah 748: you just take that and get ready to serve it just cut it up and you can make pickles out of it you can make a salad out of it mix it with onions Interviewer: #1 yeah # 748: #2 tomatoes # put one thing on it or another make a salad out of it. Interviewer: you raise how many you raise you might go to the store and buy two 748: well uh Interviewer: if you're going to buy lettuce you go to the store and buy two 748: well if I want to go to the store and buy lettuce it depends I decide I want to make I want to use now I don't want to use say make a small salad then you get the small head of lettuce. Interviewer: but if you had a lot of people coming you might buy 748: a bigger head of lettuce. Interviewer: or you might buy two 748: that's right. you you buy two or bigger heads Interviewer: two what? 748: they come in head of lettuce they come in different sizes you you you can buy lettuce in different sizes Interviewer: yeah #1 but # 748: #2 like # just like you can buy a cabbage you can go to the store and buy the cabbage remember the head just like that then you get a good head like that. Like for a small fa- you going to small cook for a small family you get you a small head Interviewer: yeah 748: and if you want to cook for a big family get you a bigger head. Interviewer: you raise a lot? You raise a lot of 748: lettuce I mean uh lettuce Interviewer: #1 Ca # 748: #2 I raise a little bit sometimes # Interviewer: yeah you raise a lot of ca 748: cabbage? Interviewer: yeah 748: yeah I've raised some cabbage sometimes I was telling my I'm trying to grow some now said I almost went and planted some. to have some later so they {D: won't it won't but one time.} Interviewer: yeah. 748: see? growing some now I'm trying to get some of these some of these some of these plants I'm just finding some knives and set them out. Interviewer: #1 what # 748: #2 why he'll he'll he'll put a {X} # Interviewer: where all the what all the where all the ca 748: what's that? Interviewer: you say where all the cabbage will 748: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 cabbages will # 748: well the cabbage is just growing the head up I use it and then then and I I plant some so I can have some later you know we'll have some or or coming over the same time what I'm talking about. Interviewer: yeah. talking about the sides you'd say they these 748: well the sides of cabbage? Interviewer: yeah 748: the sides it varies now say take here it depends on uh the richest spots of the ground and the seeds don't get seeded on you've got to have the rain and the water and the temperature. and uh the fer on the to the fertility plant but maybe you have a big head here because it's a somehow another plant get a little more moisture a little more fertility or something and uh maybe that down there you can find up some more head and uh that that's due to the fact I reckon because you just didn't get enough fertility or something. Interviewer: how big do they get here? 748: What's that? Interviewer: do they get big here? 748: well they will grow big some of them you place them but some of them as I said a while ago. some of them cabbage grow big and some little. Interviewer: uh now you uh okay other vegetables you might raise you mentioned tomatoes you got them little 748: yeah we we we we uh we used to have those little oh you see I forget what you supposed to little deal with tomatoes Interviewer: huh? tommy? 748: I'm just trying to think of the source. Interviewer: yeah. You know what a #1 tommy # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: tommy toe? 748: no I don't know don't know it by name I'll just be honest with you. Interviewer: the little ol' tomatoes you ever hear tommy toe? Tomato? or what do they call those little ones? 748: well that's what I'm trying to think what we call those little tomatoes all I know right now Interviewer: yeah Interviewer: What about those little vegetables little red ones? They were kind of peppery you might chew on 'em eat 'em raw? They grow in the ground they have roots? R- uh. 748: That's that's what we call a radish. See a radish I I I know the little roots taste good and a lot of folks just tell you about 'em. That's a radish. Now sometimes folks will use that pot to boil. It's one that you uh you know you just boil that boil in the other room. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well the rule is just to take them letting them little when picking little radishes out of the garden. {NS} Clean 'em up and wash 'em up and put 'em on the table and as you eat you eat 'em. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Always. Radish yeah. Interviewer: By the way this {B} I was talking with uh with Jeffery {B} yesterday and he told me to give it give you his best. 748: {NW} Interviewer: He said hi to you. 748: {NW} {B} Who? Interviewer: Judge {B} 748: Oh {B} yeah. Interviewer: Judge Carson {B} 748: Yeah I know him. Interviewer: #1 He lives down in Junction City # 748: #2 Uh uh who the # {B} yeah a fine old fellow used to be our judge a long time ago, I know him. I always thought the most of him. He always did treat me nice. Interviewer: Yeah. Um {NS} well {NS} uh other tomatoes you might have or I mean other other. 748: Well we have different kinds of tomatoes now different names. You got your {D: say the} Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Different names for tomatoes. Interviewer: What other kind of things do you raise? 748: What I raise? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well I'll tell you what I raise here I raise peas. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I've raised corn. Interviewer: If you want to get the? 748: I've raised potatoes. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And I've raised collards. Interviewer: Yeah? Collards? 748: Cabbage. Snap beans. Butter beans. And uh in a bush full of beans then the bush gonna and then there's the running butter bean. Interviewer: Right. You got them big ol' butter beans? 748: Yeah and there's. Interviewer: #1 Yellowish kind of? # 748: #2 {NW} # That's right and then there's they're they're and and then we got uh uh a running butter bean on a phone pole then we gotta u-uh when it grow down there it makes bunches it come in bunch {D: and the butcher's like that's bunches.} #1 Growing four or five. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What about that large flat bean that doesn't come in the you have to get it out of the pod? 748: Well that a Lima bean. You'd call them Lima bean. Interviewer: Yeah. Um are there any any other names for 'em? Uh was there any different sizes for 'em or #1 anything like? # 748: #2 Not that I know of # To be honest with you. Interviewer: Now snap beans you can eat them? 748: Yeah snap bean you just eat it take 'em off when they're turning then break 'em up break 'em up and cook 'em. Interviewer: Are there any different types of them? 748: Well we've got one called a Kentucky Wonder. Interviewer: {NW} 748: I know that. And then let me see. Interviewer: {NW} 748: None of these others I don't know I never even cared much about beans cause I never raised 'em like that but I know what them the main bean they raise around here is the {NS} the Kentucky Wonder. Interviewer: Yes sir. {NS} 748: They'll grow up on poles you see. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} You have to string 'em, though. They're good if you just pull that little string out. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} Interviewer: And then other beans that you can't eat by hand you gotta? 748: Yeah you can just just shell 'em. Interviewer: Yeah you gotta shell 'em. 748: And just shell 'em but the only way I had to shell it was to put it in my hand. Interviewer: Yeah? Now do you cut the tops off of of nests of turnips and make? 748: Well just make a Interviewer: Make a mess of? 748: Yes just just a mess a ton of greens. Interviewer: Yeah. Well what other kind of greens do you have? Besides turnip's tops turnip tops? You got collards 748: #1 Mustards # Interviewer: #2 you said? # 748: {NS} Interviewer: #1 Mustards? # 748: #2 We're really into mustards # we're really into mustards we're really into um and we we gotta {NS} uh love these mustards. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And I've made the grandkids eat they've even got a little just call 'em mustard seeds. And then uh Interviewer: What if? 748: Some for great expense. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: That's all the same. Interviewer: That's good I love that. 748: Yeah same deal. Interviewer: Now what about that big red uh I mean that big yellow crooked neck vegetable? 748: That's a squash. Interviewer: Yeah. You got a white one? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Some some squashes as well I got here out {D: well they all try to breed them with yellow.} They'll do 'em and um and have a crooked neck into it you know telling them the right time or they'll get too hard for you to cut 'em up. And they just and they'll cook all the pieces good. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you have a name for it when you let it dry? 748: No. Because its don't let it don't let a squash dry. Not to cook it not to set it. Interviewer: {D: We ever assemble it?} 748: It's it's the only thing that uh only thing a squash is good for when it gets dried is you get the seeds out of it. Interviewer: Yeah. You know what #1 {D: settling was?} # 748: #2 W-w-when # when you when you when when you serve that want it to serve you cut it before it get dry. Eat it before it get dry cut it up and eat it before it gets dry. {D: And when I was tenant I was the} {D: younger yeared tenant you could ever hear.} Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever dry other things? #1 Other vegetables or fruit. # 748: #2 I uh # I'll tell you what I dried. I have dried uh apples. Interviewer: Yeah? You make what? 748: Dried apples. Peel 'em off and take them apples and put 'em up make pie out of 'em. And uh I made preserves out of 'em. And uh I think like that the same way about peaches. Interviewer: Yeah? What kind of peaches do you get? 748: Well Uh they have other peaches here the main thing they been bring out is uh after classy peaches. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And I'll just tell you about another one what I couldn't I wouldn't want to then you gotta uh what do they call it an alien peach. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: That's a peach that sticks to the cob. You have to cut it off uh or bite it off one that's the only way you can go. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Make pickles out of 'em make pickles out of 'em they make best pickles my goodness alive. And just reach into the jar and get you a pickle. {NW} Interviewer: You have to cut it off the? 748: That's right you have to cut it off got to cut it off the back though or would you call that over that corn? Or the seed. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: That's right. Interviewer: Kernel? 748: Kernels. Interviewer: The kernel did you say? #1 You gotta cut 'em? # 748: #2 Yeah yeah kernel yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: Yeah. Now when you bite down on a on a well when you eat an apple a part you throw away is the? 748: Core. Interviewer: Yeah. When you dried apples did you call them snits? 748: No I never did call 'em we'd just call all I ever known is just calling 'em dried apples. Interviewer: Yeah. And the skin would do what it would? 748: Well I'd peel it peel peeling. #1 You'd take them peelings # Interviewer: #2 Just # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: or you could take over half if you wanted you'd take them peelings and you'd make jelly out of 'em boil and make jelly out of 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 748: Take them peelings. Peel that apple. Take them and peel 'em and boil then peel them then make jelly out of 'em. Interviewer: Yeah? Now the the the apple when you when you dried a peach it would do what it would sh-? 748: If you ever want to dry want to dry a peach you know it'll it'll it'll just crimp up and get small Interviewer: It'll sh- so you say it'll do what sh-? 748: Just It'll just crimp up and dry up and just don't get plum dried but it'll just dry up you know and #1 its and # Interviewer: #2 And? # 748: crimp up. Interviewer: You say its shr- shr- 748: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Shrivel? # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Would you say it sh- shriv- it does what? 748: Well it'd just shrivel up you might say. Might get dry. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I have dried them in the sun just put 'em out in the sun and dry 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Cut 'em up and then peel 'em and cut 'em up. And spread 'em out in the sun let the hot sun in the hot sun you'll see it'll just dry 'em up and then shrivel up when you get the dry you want you want to take 'em and store 'em away and use 'em when you get ready. Interviewer: What oh what kind of melons do you raise? 748: Melons? Well uh melons watermelons and {NW} {NW} You see this gray one. Interviewer: What different types of watermelon? 748: Well this gray watermelon I'm trying to call {D: main one.} Long gray Uh long they have another one on it that's uh is a uh we call it a a little old Interviewer: {NW} 748: one of 'em was a little old I have to keep 'em in {X} A little one, not that big. Interviewer: #1 Icebox? # 748: #2 You needed seeds. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Yeah ice box. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you 748: Oh well other one that I know they grow very big jumbo. And uh. Interviewer: Congo? 748: And uh I'm trying to think of that Charleston Gray. And uh I've raised them. Interviewer: That comes from where? 748: That you in uh the watermelon comes from Interviewer: Charleston Gray? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Charleston Gray comes from? 748: You mean where the wa- the watermelon? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well the watermelon you plant the seeds plant the seeds and and when the seed come up and it'll make a fussy little bush and then it'll make a vine. Then they'll come on out a little little bitty ol' watermelon uh a a bloom. A little bloom comes out on the end of that little watermelon of yours and it may be it may be a hundred blooms on there #1 on that vine # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: Maybe just one to one of them. Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 748: #2 See? # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Depends on what you wanted. Interviewer: You ever seen them little small yellow meat? 748: Well if yellow uh uh I would call them uh cantaloupes. Interviewer: Cantaloupes? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: For any other types of melons? #1 Mush? # 748: #2 A cantaloupe and a mushmelon. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # A cantaloupe and a mushmelon now a mushmelon you can them ones will grow long. Cantaloupes round. Interviewer: I see. That's interesting. Have you gotten them things that'll come up in a field after a rain and they look like little umbrellas? 748: Yeah. {NW} Do you know what we call them? A dog stool. Interviewer: #1 Dog stools? # 748: #2 {NW} # That's the only way that I've called 'em. Th-that's {X} like. That's what we called them though but I've seen 'em grow good I've seen 'em come up to be g-good big thing. #1 I've seen # Interviewer: #2 What are they called? # 748: and I've seen some little big ones. Interviewer: Dog? 748: I call 'em dog we call that we just call 'em dog stools. Interviewer: Dog stool? 748: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: Have you ever seen have you ever seen the little ones they call 'em mush uh mushy mushrooms? 748: Yeah I've seen that your mushroom. Interviewer: Yeah. Now the type of other fruits you might raise. You get you ever get what kind of tree was it old George Washington cut down? 748: George Washington cut down? Interviewer: Yeah he cut down a what? 748: Oh well I'm Interviewer: The ch- the? 748: {X} There's the pecan tree. {X} Interviewer: You got pecan? Okay. 748: Well I just can't think right now I know about it. Interviewer: You got any little old berries? Kind of almost like it grows in a tree? What kind of trees do you got with berries on 'em? Ch- Do you got a? 748: Well I'll tell you what we have mulberries. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Trees come up and uh and they have mulberries on them. They'll bloom out. Interviewer: What kind of pie might you like? 748: What's that? Interviewer: What kind of pie do you like? 748: Pie? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well I like um most any kind of pie and I'll just tell you Interviewer: #1 Apple # 748: #2 the truth. # Interviewer: #1 or? # 748: #2 Like apple # and I like uh berry pie and I like uh potato pie. Interviewer: Yeah? Ch- 748: And I like uh chicken pie going to when it w-when it comes to the meats. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And that's it. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And pie made out of different kinds of fruits. Interviewer: What about those little red kind type of fruits? They might use they've got a seed in 'em? 748: Got a seed in 'em? Interviewer: When you ever used to get a banana split or something like that would they put a little red kind of thing on top? A red? 748: I'm just trying to think cause I don't know anything about that type of thing I don't can't Interviewer: A cherry? You got any wild cherry? 748: Wild cherry. Interviewer: Cherries yeah. 748: Yeah there's some wild cherry trees here cherry wild cherry trees. That's right. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Well when you eat # 748: #2 Why a cherry tree # very little come on there and and they're red and they're sort of like something like a mayhaw. I don't know where the other you here don't see very many of these. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Mayhaws You know they grow in the bottles. They don't grow out over here. They grow in bottles. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And uh you get them mayhaws well the biggest thing I know that the biggest thing I know that they pretty good to eat biggest thing I know they're good for is to make jelly out of 'em. They sure do make good jelly. Mayhaw Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 748: And they grow in the bottle. They don't grow in {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Yeah they grow in the bottles. Interviewer: Now when you eat a cherry you might break off a on on the the inside of the cherry what do you call that? 748: Uh {NW} the the core? What would you call that? {X} Interviewer: The inside of a cherry? 748: I don't know I don't never eat any cherries #1 cherries. # Interviewer: #2 B- # Bite down on the what? 748: You bite down on the on the core but uh the core or the. Interviewer: Okay. 748: So I don't. Interviewer: And you might break off a? Break off a what? 748: Well you'd just break off a piece of one I'd say. {NW} Interviewer: Break uh uh one of your? 748: Well you might break you can turn your teeth on it I don't. Interviewer: You know you might break off one what one? 748: Well you might break off one teeth if you bite o-on something too hard. Interviewer: Break off a what? 748: Teeth. Teeth. Interviewer: A tooth? 748: Teeth one of your teeth. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say you'd break off one? Or when you go to the dentist he has to pull a? 748: Well the dentist have to pull at your teeth. Interviewer: Pull one? 748: Well if he he gonna do it at all he gotta pull the root out. If it's broke. Interviewer: Of one? 748: Of uh of that one teeth pull the root out. Just go off in there. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh now the kind of nuts you might raise the kind you you raise out here and pull 'em out of the ground roast 'em? 748: Nuts Interviewer: Yeah. You raise any nuts in back there? 748: No. The old uh peanuts. Interviewer: Yeah they call 'em? 748: Uh goobers. Interviewer: Goobers? 748: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: {X} You ever heard that? 748: Yeah What's yeah I got that. They call 'em goobers #1 {D: once they clean up} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: they're sometimes called goobers. Interviewer: Uh what about nuts you get out of trees? 748: Well hazelnuts Pecans and walnuts. Interviewer: Black? 748: Black walnuts. Hazelnuts. Only different s- different different #1 sized # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: Hazelnuts are a different size than walnuts. Interviewer: Yeah the hard covering of a walnut? 748: Well the walnut it I and the way that you way you serve that you gotta bust that the whole and pick it out. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Same thing about hazelnuts. Interviewer: You gotta bust open the what? 748: Well you gotta bust open that uh that that cone that that shell. Interviewer: Yeah. And then there's a before you get into there there's a there's a kind of a soft covering around the #1 out. # 748: #2 Well I'll tell you what # Tops it's up around what? Interviewer: Around the outside of the thing? 748: Oh well that's just a uh. Interviewer: That's a what #1 that's? # 748: #2 I just call that the hull. # Interviewer: The hull? Yeah. Now you mentioned pecans you any get any them little little flat nuts here almonds or? 748: No we don't I've got 'em Interviewer: #1 Almonds? # 748: #2 but we we don't # they don't grow here. Interviewer: What? 748: I I say they don't grow here but I ain't never seen one grow here but I've seen. Interviewer: What? 748: They're little uh almonds almond nuts. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah but you don't have 'em. Hmm. That's interesting. Um. Well a place where are there any big places here where all that stuff you might have a a group of fruit trees growing together? Like a man down the road might have a? A peach? Say he had a peach? 748: And and they're fruit you said fruit growing together? Interviewer: Yeah. D- Does anyb- does anybody here have a big place where they grow a lot of fruit? 748: That I've seen a lot of places like that I have grown it myself. Interviewer: You have? 748: And uh peaches you know there's a peach tree here and an apple tree yonder pear tree yonder. {NS} And uh plums and plums yeah them come come on trees. Interviewer: Yeah. You had a fruit? 748: I've had fruit trees. Apples peaches plums. Yeah. And uh and walnuts same like I {X} Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Mostly nuts you know. {NS} Interviewer: A place uh if you have a lot of peach trees you might have a peach? 748: Peach orchard. I'd call that a peach orchard. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: If you've got a lot of apple trees they'd call that apple orchard. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Or a pear orchard's where there's a whole lot of oh if it's {NW} big there's a place and and just one type of tree call it you you'd it's just got apple trees in it nothing but apple trees next is pear trees and uh next is plum trees plum orchard. Interviewer: Does uh do you get that kind of fruit here that they grow down in Florida? About as big as an apple except its got a shell like a lemon on it? 748: Yeah but I don't know what the name is. I sees no I never bought one of them but I see it out on. Interviewer: What what kind of juice might you have in the morning when you get up? 748: Well juice in the morning if I want some juice in the morning I'll just drink something like orange juice. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Or tomato juice. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Then in other words you get the well how do they make orange juice? 748: Well the only way ever I've made it is just just take an orange and just rub it real good and and then and then cut it and squeeze the juice out of it. Interviewer: Oh that's the the so the juice it comes from the juice of? 748: An orange. See? Rub that orange and rub it a good ripe orange just rub it and rub it and rub it and it'll get soft and when it gets real soft then you cut that c-cut you a little hole in and just and mash on it you mash that hull together and that'll run that juice out. Interviewer: Do you like them? 748: Yes I like them. Same thing about lemons lemons you Interviewer: Yeah? 748: you wanna rub it y-you wanna I've I have sucked on one just then you can just rub a lemon and rub a lemon and rub a lemon to get him good and soft and mash that juice out of there. Put them some water if you want enough of it. I'll cut you cut I peel nothing you can cut lemons up in some water and sweeten it and we call that lemonade. See? Interviewer: Yeah? Now you might've had a a you might've you had some family or friends over to visit you uh so you went out and you bought a bag of oranges and uh you went in a couple of days later and and the bag was empty you'd say the or- the what the? 748: Do you mean? Well the well I just simply just used all up our oranges. Interviewer: Oranges you'd say the? 748: You've just done used 'em all up. Interviewer: The what the? 748: The oranges. Interviewer: Or? All or do you say oh my goodness I wanted me an orange is it I wanted me one of these oranges and they're all they're? 748: Well sometimes it doesn't done sp- done done done done spoiled and rotted. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: {NW} We'll get you an orange sometime I've ever had if I got to put up a watermelon in here well I call gonna go try to save me watermelon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 748: I just try with a new experience one but when I cut that watermelon I try to freeze it. Keep it that ways. And I'll tell you another thing about watermelon we have kept watermelon we put 'em in the house and I've known folks to keep 'em there till Christmas. Right here in this country. And sometime you cut you bring one in there you've been keeping a while you just get so bust and all on the floor. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I raised two big watermelons out there last year in my garden I couldn't tote it but I rolled 'em got 'em in the house and my why I saved 'em well he cut one one time or another and I went in there one day and and felt one of them watermelons looked and it's done got so soft and led to buckling that and that other one w-wasn't wrong I've got that knife I'll cut you {NW} And it was still good. Interviewer: But uh you had a bag and now they're? Now the oranges are? 748: You mean or- bagged up oranges? Interviewer: You had a bag of oranges and now they're? Somebody's eaten 'em? They're? You'd say they are? All? All gone? 748: Well bag of oranges and and and I keep 'em missing by the bag when they're all gone they're just all gone well I go for some time I thought I had an orange in there. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But went down there and looked oh they ate up all them oranges. Interviewer: Yeah. If somebody offered you a plate maybe and it had peaches and apples on it and they offered you an apple and you would say no I don't want an apple? 748: Well if I'd rather have a peach I'd say I'll take a peach. Interviewer: Or give it? 748: Or apple whichever one I'd prefer. Interviewer: You'd say uh I don't want a I don't want a apple. 748: Yeah. That's right. That's take I say I'll I'll be able to take a peach. Interviewer: Or gimme? 748: Gimme a peach. Interviewer: Gimme a peach. Or if you didn't want a peach you'd say? 748: A apple. Interviewer: Huh? 748: An apple just gimme an apple. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Now # 748: #2 Just like uh # I'll tell you this much I'll be talking. {NW} I went to California to see my daughter. And she had a cousin out there a cousin {D: on the big been shopping for it. And when we went to that place {NS} why when my when my daughter gets out she goes into the kitchen where her cousin was preparing the meal and I go into the living room and sit down. And I sit round the living room {NW} there's a bunch of Coca-Colas sitting on the table and a bottle of whiskey. Well as the Lord would have it came on by anyway and I I just said uh listen gentleman and I'll take a coke. Y'all drink all that all you want I said I don't drink whiskey but I'll take a coke. {NW} Think Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Cause I had quit drank whiskey. I just leaned back and of course and right after I said that {D: and and man won't even open this bottle he said} {C: Background noise} I won't open a bottle of whiskey I've served I'm certified to {X} {NW} but they did. I have drank whiskey but uh I wanna tell you two things about whiskey. I drank some whiskey once and I went to to a to a prayer meeting. I know that I was going there when I left when I left cause she I know where I'm going I know where I'm going. I've drank some whiskey. And they're calling me to pray. And when I prayed uh didn't nobody hear the prayer but the devil. Uh but two or three days after that I couldn't hardly eat sleep nor drink. Just the truth however I told it. I prayed and prayed to my god this if you'll just forgive me for that I'll never no more touch a drop of intoxicating beverage Knowingly now listen I said knowingly. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 That if I was going anywhere # to anticipate in religious wishing. Alright. They made a {X} out of me up here at my chest. And in the name of then I made this promise to my god that I'd never no more take a drop of no kind of {X} just for the sake of a beverage to fall sick. I'll take a little. That's the first whiskey that I told story a while ago I didn't intend my my neph- when my god forgive for that I'm telling you he just looked to me like some stuck me and he just come on up to my home. Get out of the way. Interviewer: #1 W-what? # 748: #2 I have # Drinked whiskey but I I drink whiskey I talked to a women at my church we got talking about drinks {NW} I said now listen I said I don't drink whiskey but I'll tell you what right now I have drank. I said I done whiskey a thousand times. I don't have each other's here come they don't need a limelight. {NW} I told 'em I got up someone pushed my arm and I'd been there two or three years and I said a-anyone bout that must've meant you got another {X} I said how come they can say that Yep uh. In account of sickness or something like that and I wondered and swore if I saw something like that I'd take it. How come you get separate is cause my daughter had one of the worst colds I reckon s-she ever had. And somebody told me to take some get some whiskey and and make a make a different lemon put something like hot lemon and warm whiskey. And I got it. Interviewer: How did she get it? 748: I mean I got it she took a cold. And I got the I got the whiskey bought it. {C: Clock begins chiming and keep chiming until 25m41s} And when I bought the whiskey why uh brought it home. Fixed it up. Fixed it up with a bit of hot tea in it. You hope shoot when there's something down looking for she'd only come here the other day. She'd come to visit me she found that whiskey what I had left and she drank it all up. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: {NW} {NW} {NS} Well in case of emergency I bought I went and got another bottle. {X} Just bought that and went to bed. #1 Been there three or four year. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah but you said that whiskey? 748: Whiskey. Interviewer: Did what to your daughter? 748: What's that? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 748: #2 I said # I said my my daughter like whiskey you know? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I don't {NW} I mean I get it I made that that that uh tea out of that that whiskey and stuff up for my daughter while she had the cold. Interviewer: And it it what? 748: It helped her. Interviewer: It helped her? 748: Yeah it helped relieve her. And I said one of 'em left. {NW} Well so I still have it here. My sister found it and she drank it here. So I said well seeing as how something like that happened again I would just get in some whiskey and keep it there. Been gone right now. Another man drink it I didn't drink it another man drink it. But I kept the bottle can't get much out of the bottle. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 Just about a swallow. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: #1 Do you know? # 748: #2 I # Interviewer: Go ahead. 748: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Go ahead. 748: I never been down drunk in my life. But I've drinks whiskey. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I tell 'em to add to my check. That I don't know I'm not sure if I would drink if I was sick or something I would drink that. So I quit drinking. {NS} Interviewer: Um. {NS} Well do you remember when folks used to make that here? 748: #1 Make that? # Interviewer: #2 Back when # they used to make it maybe illegally? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: They called it? 748: Uh they called it rum. {NS} They. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. Folks would go down Saturday night to the where? 748: Well the folks um some folks you know serve a round bigger than their house. {X} Cause I know a fellow who lives in town here {X} and then some of 'em uh some of 'em made that stuff in the woods you know. Sell it to the folk Interviewer: Call it what? That was? 748: Well they called it they called it make beer and stuff like that you know and. Interviewer: Yeah at home that that home stuff they? 748: Home brew. Interviewer: Home brew? 748: Home brew yeah. That was when the when uh couldn't buy it. Whiskey here you know. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Oh yeah. Interviewer: What about that? Go ahead. 748: Well I know the fellow that uh had a place right down there he made made that stuff. And I have {X} both of them. Interviewer: Down where? 748: Right down there in the woods. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Had to hide according to the law someone would get you. Couldn't make it. Interviewer: You mean north of here? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You're pointing north of here? 748: No I said I said right down there in the woods. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 748: #2 I mean right out there in the woods not far from here. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: Down in the #1 bottom there? # 748: #2 Down in the bottom right right right. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Now {X} both of them and this is up on the hill now. Way back up yonder in the woods. He had a place at uh he made that home brew. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 Went and # bought and made it and bottled it up #1 {D: see and hold it around} # Interviewer: #2 Is that beer? # 748: Hold it around and set it. Interviewer: Beer? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Would he ever make any stronger than beer? 748: Sure. Sure I've been there to make whiskey yeah. Interviewer: Call that white? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever have any names for that? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Moon? 748: Let me see some people call it moonshine or. Interviewer: White white lightning or any? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: What about the stuff that was really bad? #1 You know just like # 748: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: pop people's skulls. 748: In baths? Interviewer: Really bad stuff it makes your head reel or something like that. 748: Well uh. Interviewer: The man who sold it he was a? 748: Well he was a I'd call it a bootlegger. Interviewer: Bootlegger? 748: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh did do you ever hear about the place where they'd sell it? 748: About the places where they sell it. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Sure they sell it four-forty five-eighty-seven that holds the horse. {NW} {D: Horse don't just torch just bleeding down here one night} big wagon load lets fire it up that {D: gin stuff.} And uh yeah. {NS} Somebody snuck up down there and uh the man that owned the whiskey {D: that hard} did a {D: hole in his head} now. They're building stuff. He was along he wasn't in the wagon women now I don't in a wagon. And somebody's stuff was caught up in that they hadn't they didn't have that uh dumpster at the end. Stuff on their creek. And cars would want to go forth ways. This man is owning that stuff now he says we says {X} and I don't know what we're going to do. {NW} He's had the sheriff's car {D: double blanched up.} {NW} That way he says he says no I ain't scared of the sheriff but I'm scared of the people. Of course like {X} to what he meant by that. If people know if some people if they know that sheriff know that that sheriff would act accord- but if he if if as long as he didn't know saw nobody know he was gonna say oh it in with the sheriff. {NW} Interviewer: Was he? {NW} 748: #1 Yeah you know he must # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 748: #1 you know he must be. # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 748: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 748: Yeah you know that the sheriff. Sheriff wouldn't hardly do nothing. But sometimes folks would have to do something to save the day. {NW} Now I said what they told told me and let me tell you. There's a car that wanna go north car that wanna go south. And one man passed by my wagon. And he asked me what are you loaded with? I said oh just bunch a boxes that's all I said. A bunch of boxes. I didn't say what was in 'em I said its a bunch of boxes. And he kept on {X} That's the only man said a word to me. And when the sheriff when they got the sheriff car and he went on by then here we going to buy our {D: vehicle} now. Had had to be right down here at Parker's. Uh uh uh. Well he yeah {D: down at Parker's} police right down across {D: talked to him repeatedly} Ever I asked yes for it I can. He tried to harm his self a load about ten miles across here what it be called snow hill. I said no no no I'm going to go alone I'll go. I'm going to tell you why. One wire they had it here. If uh if you were transferring some stuff for somebody else they didn't want you. Then they got tight on that. {NW} You're transferring something for somebody else and it's something against the law they'll get you too. {NS} {NW} It's uh. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the place where they'd sell it? 748: Sure. Uh. Interviewer: You'd call that the? 748: Well there's saloon uh Interviewer: {D: Blind?} 748: Saloon or Interviewer: #1 Do you ever hear? # 748: #2 {D: Beer joints.} # No like that. Interviewer: You ever hear of some sort of tiger? 748: Tiger? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: No I don't. Interviewer: A blind tiger? 748: Yeah I heard of blind I heard of blind tiger. Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Uh. Now did you ever been up around Stuttgart? 748: No sir I never been up there. Interviewer: What do they raise up there? 748: I don't know to be honest to tell you the truth I don't know. Interviewer: You ever seen raised that that stuff mr {B} they go in a field and they flood it with water? 748: Go in the field and flood it with water? Interviewer: Yeah rot uh like um somebody in this county you said once raised? That white kind of stuff that you you you raise in in water? You know it grows #1 {D: water?} # 748: #2 Well. # Interviewer: You gotta have a lot of water to raise it. 748: {NW} Let me see now. Interviewer: They raise it down in Louisiana a lot too. 748: I'm just trying to steady do I know any kind of stuff like that that's raised around here? Had to raise it in water. Interviewer: A kind of white grain? You know they raise it up {NS} up in that prairie land up there. 748: I see well I've I just don't know any about it see I ain't never been up there and I don't know I ain't seen it. Interviewer: Yeah? You ever raised rice? 748: Rice. No I ain't never see raised no rice but I've seen some raised once. We was living on a white man's farm and that man had a way back down they had the farmer's union. And uh uh he raised some rice. Now take just one thing I all I know about what he done to that rice now the other I don't know but they'd gather that rice and tie it up in bundles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And then you'd #1 put them? # 748: #2 And then listen. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Uh then he got into a room-like place Interviewer: Yeah? 748: and whipped that whipped them bundles over a barrel or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well that Interviewer: Say you're doing what #1 trying? # 748: #2 In in other words flat uh # flatten the rice out you see. Well after you flat that rice out and sacked up I don't know he done with it. Because one thing about it you know uh even if that's you know he he says that about them hulled ones. See we buy rice here because we ain't got some more. Sometimes you buy rice now you can see them little once in a while. You can see the little find the little hull in that rice. {NS} Interviewer: How much would he lay to the acre? 748: Well {NW} I'd probably just have a small piece just a small place and just take it but I don't know I was a kid when I seen it done. and I just. Interviewer: Maybe about ten bu-? 748: Yeah maybe about ten bushes you got a good a good big {X} he got it he got a big pile imagine if four five six eight ten big bushels of it? And he got it whooped out. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: They're good for #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You you # tied it up in a bundle right? 748: Tie it in a bundle Interviewer: #1 And then you'd? # 748: #2 and when he would go to # c- cut it you know? Interviewer: Yeah? 748: That way you make Interviewer: #1 And then you? # 748: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 And then at the end you tie it in a bundle you see. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # and uh Interviewer: #1 Then you'd put it in a? # 748: #2 {D: point.} # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Then y- you you'd take it up in and. Interviewer: Put it in a? Ten bundles made a? 748: Take your put put them bundles in the house or if you want 'em then you got ready to shove 'em up but whoop it out what he done. Took them bundles and put 'em in the house he'd whip it out. Another way to get it together is get it done right. Interviewer: Yeah. A shock or a? #1 {X} # 748: #2 Your name you named # any uh and he just tied this up I'll tell you what a shocked up way up grown on poles were his father's concerns were to feed our horses. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But he didn't shock this up. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 748: #2 You know his kid I told # we was in on his place he didn't shock this up he just cut it down had it cut and tied up tied up in bundles. Interviewer: Yes sir. 748: And hull again. Hull again to put it on a room. Doesn't have and whipped it out whipping it all about or something. And then when they whipped it out of course uh the shell part of that I'd throw that away and that rice I was gonna sack it up and I don't know what he done with it I don't know about it. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Away back on the farm as usual is a big thing here Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 in this county. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: Now you said you raised hay and things like that. Where would you raise hay? That would be on land that was kind of land that was too low to raise anything else but hay? #1 That would be? # 748: #2 Well I'll tell you # I've never just raised no hay never tried to raise no hay but I'll tell you one thing there's folks I know of around here raise hay {NW} uh you can't raise anything else if you want to grow it yourself. Anything anything {X} Interviewer: Yeah. What about land that's just too sorry to do anything else with but say maybe raise clover? 748: What'd you say? Interviewer: Clover or something like that. Something for to graze. 748: Well clover I never seen no clover except some wild I don't know anything about clover. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I don't know nothing about it. Interviewer: Have you got any low-lying grassland? 748: Well the some of it get round yeah. Interviewer: That's a what? That's a? 748: We just call it mat grass or Interviewer: Mat? Oh. 748: Something like that you know. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} What about a place now you mentioned a place down by the creek or something what about a place that might be just uh had water standing in it for a good while? Of the time. 748: Well we'd call that a oh sometimes we call it a slough sometimes we just call it a pond. Interviewer: Yes sir. What what if it had a lot of trees in it? 748: Well {NW} Interviewer: Would you would you see one that had a lot of trees in it? 748: Well uh I've seen some trees around here in ponds the majority of the ponds a certain type of tree grow in the pond but every type of tree you can grow in that pond. Interviewer: Yes sir. 748: You got to go outside. And uh {X} {NS} just come up. Interviewer: Now what is this over here? 748: You mean? Interviewer: Over here this kind of low place. 748: That's a low place we call I just call that the {D: branch bottom} is all I know. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh if you {NS} if you got a place uh a big place kind of maybe where that would grow or? Or a big you know would it would it be a big place you'd talk about with slough or? 748: Yes. I've seen 'em small and I've seen 'em uh large. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I seen a slew of pond of water it stood right yonder where I would where we pay our gas bill. {NW} Okay I drive what? {NS} And there's trees and things growing down there. Half the water was still there year round till it all dried up. And I said I live to see a day she gonna clear that up and now I got all that down. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But I've seen that done. Right between here and that way Right between here and that way right there it was right to go where there where we pay our gas bill. On the right. That's where that pond water'd be. Great big pond water stood out there year round. That's right. But some out of {NW} the these out and fill that up some and usually that's land. Some size water. Water pond. Interviewer: What do you think about that? 748: What do I think about that? Interviewer: What do you? Yeah about the land and everything. 748: Well uh tell you all I think. Uh about land. Uh. I'd have to go Tell you about my god a little bit now. When he created Earth he said let's and land and land come forward and he just make a shelter out of it. He'd come forth and heal some of it and heal some of it low place some of it high some of it mountain. Well uh and picturing that add the water but that's that's what water run off of those hills and off of those mountains the same back up. Interviewer: Yeah have you ever seen a place where the water'd fall a long way? 748: Yeah one uh once one time I you mean water way up falling off way up something? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I did once I'll tell you what I I did see and I I had read of it and heard of it and heard of it and seen going to California once uh I went to a place you know and uh the water here {NW} you know. {NS} I'll tell you another thing I've seen. I'd heard there's irrigation where I poke the water in the dam. Interviewer: How do they do that? 748: Well I'll tell you that in a minute. When they had done that now. Interviewer: They dig? 748: They had um they tell me now they have all sort of little little little ditches all around in it. And uh and then they'd run the water in them ditches. {NS} You see. And that water would uh the water from that would water that land. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} Ain't that something? 748: {NW} Funny to see see a place here I've seen place here that has has put in drain. {NS} Then went ahead uh air air get drained. Another thing out here this is dry. They look dry to me. Uh grass and its now it can be on. {NS} Now now now. Interviewer: Uh. Now did you ever seen them cut water kind of places to get water off the land? 748: Cut water to get water off #1 the land? # Interviewer: #2 Cut cut ditches to? # 748: Well that's right ditching you know. #1 Cut # Interviewer: #2 Get water. # 748: Cut ditches and you open them. Interviewer: To get water off the land? 748: Get water off of land and on and make it and it cut them ditches and all {NS} now I have a {NS} you have to have a {NS} a kind of a surveyor or some of them will come from Sumner. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: They didn't know just exactly how low to cut it. Interviewer: You'd say you're doing what you're? 748: Well you you're surveying. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 748: #2 {X} # Another word you'd when you pick the ditches up you just you just run this eye hole I know but anyhow. Interviewer: That ditch is for? 748: When you cut that water to drain that land in other words to keep it w-where you want it. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Ditch it around this place. #1 And they'll go up down and yonder. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah it's for draining? 748: Uh draining you know. That's what its all it could be. Drain. But I've got some ditches I got one or two ditches right up there where I ditch it all out of my garden it just about filled up now I ain't been able to keep it cleaned out. Interviewer: Now when you're getting all the trees and the brush {C: pronunciation} brush and the shrubs off of your land. You had to do that? This land here you did you have to? 748: I had to clear it off. You have to clear this land up and you come in and cut the bushes cut the trees everything. {NS} Pile 'em up and bundle 'em. And they've done that. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Why then I went in there with my mule and I cut 'em cold on an old cloth cut 'em colder and {NW} what we call a new-ground shelf. Without none of that break them loose up break them loose. You know break 'em pull them got your have your collars fixed right. And if that colder stuff uh look too big for it to cut it it'd jump over it. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And just keep her rolling. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever been down to the sea? 748: Well yes I have I started to say I haven't but I have because uh cause when I was in California. Yeah that place was Interviewer: Yeah. You you ever been down to the below here to the? Something of Mexico? 748: And no its I ain't been to Mexico the Gulf of Mexico. I been through Mexico but I ain't seen no seawater there. But uh Interviewer: #1 You've been through Mexico? # 748: #2 Where # whatever that whatever that ocean is now when you go to California when I went there and uh and and like Seattle Washington. Or I've seen that. I don't know. Interviewer: You've been to Seattle? 748: Sure I've been to Seattle. Been there four times. Interviewer: Gosh I'd like to see that I've never been there. 748: I've been there four times. I got I got a girl there. I've been there to visit. Been there been lay it down without thinking about it four years ago. Interviewer: Where else you been? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Where else you been? 748: Well I'll tell you I've been to I've been to Seattle Washington I've been to Detroit Michigan. And I've been to San Francisco. And I've been of course you get to San Fransisco and all around the Berkeley and Oakland all around all of them places. Interviewer: You been east? 748: I've been to Texas. I've been in Louisiana. A piece {X} uh not too far in Louisiana but I've been in Louisiana and that's as many states as I know of any. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Of course I I got a sister who's been buried in Lou- this sister lost be buried in Louisiana today. {NS} And uh I've got a sister a daughter living in Detroit Michigan. And I got a daughter living in San Francisco. And Seattle. I have three daughters living at Oakland. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um do you you ever been east of here? 748: Well all I is is Texas east? If Texas is east I've been to Texas and that's as far as I've been. I don't know. Interviewer: Where you been to Louisiana? 748: Well I forgot where's I been in Louisiana I've been to to Zwolle I've been to Jonesboro I've been to I've been to Mansfield. Interviewer: What's the capital of Louisiana? 748: New Orleans. Interviewer: Bat- uh and then there's Bat-? 748: I reckon its New Orleans I reckon. Interviewer: Yeah? And then there's that town called Baton? 748: No Baton Rouge never been to Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Well yeah now listen there's a place down there there's a veteran's hospital and you see well there. {D: I went I had a blood there.} All down in Baton Rouge is where the we went out of the way and I moved down somewhere. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: But I can't think now this which state uh which part of Lou- of which town that was. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 748: #2 {D: Because all that} # {D: and a horse was easier than a} veteran's hospital. Interviewer: Now mr B-T the the the the the states to the east of here are what? Do you know any of 'em? 748: Well states to the east of here. Interviewer: Yeah? Jackson? Is in? 748: Well {NW} I don't know that much about Georgia I'll just tell you all that now. I know I know Louisiana one w- one way. And uh. Interviewer: What's that big river? Over there? {NS} 748: Where? You mean what river? Interviewer: The big river that's on the border that's got? 748: Uh. Well you know there's the Washita river right there. Interviewer: Well the Washita runs into the? 748: Oh I thought we were going to the {D: Lee} river there. And now that there {D: Lee} river run into the ocean I guess. Interviewer: Yeah. You know that big river that comes down the middle of the country? Boats go up and down it and it goes through New Orleans? 748: Well uh I think for one they they brought me down here at this Washita river. Interviewer: Yeah? The Missi-? 748: It it could be called it got dams on it they they they used to be in it {X} floating down here. But I don't know now I know 'em but I know there's no way. Interviewer: Yeah? Okay. 748: {X} Interviewer: Do you know where Jackson is? Jackson Mississi-? 748: I just heard of it I never been there. Interviewer: Yeah? You ever heard of Mississippi? 748: That's right. I've heard of Mississippi. I guess I always assumed Mississippi was going to some of these some of these places I went but you know I couldn't think about it right now. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 If you know what I mean. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: Now on the Mississippi what's that big town up the river? Up in Tenne- in uh you ever been to Tennessee? 748: No sir never been to Tennessee. Interviewer: Never been where? 748: No sir never been to Tennessee. Never been. Interviewer: To? 748: Tennessee. Interviewer: Okay. You heard of that that town on the river there? Memph-? 748: I've heard of Memphis Tennessee and that's all I've heard of there in Tennessee. Interviewer: #1 Chatta-? # 748: #2 I don't believe I have no real but I don't know about that. # Interviewer: You ever heard of Chatta-? Chattan-? 748: Chattanooga? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 You know Chattanooga Tennessee? Yeah # I've heard of that. Interviewer: And where do they play that good old music? Up in? Nash-? That good ol''? Nash-? 748: Well um Interviewer: Nashville? 748: I've heard so much music and I heard it in a terribly different place and I just couldn't couldn't think right now just where its at. Now I need to be saying yeah cause I want to. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But I've heard those TV things like that good music in 'em. Interviewer: You know that state that ol' George Wallace is governor of? Was? What's that? 748: George Washington? Interviewer: Yeah where they banned where they banned trying to ban black people from going to college? Back in the sixties? 748: Let me see. George Washington. Interviewer: George Wallace. 748: Oh George Waller? Interviewer: Wallace. You know who he was? 748: No. Interviewer: Okay. Now my state is? Do you know where Richmond is? Richmond Vir-? 748: I've not heard of Richmond but I have #1 {D: seen it is in Virginia.} # Interviewer: #2 Virginia? # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay and and then there's North and South? 748: Carolina. Interviewer: Huh? 748: North and South Carolina you're talking about? Interviewer: Yeah there's South Carolina and? 748: North Carolina. Cause my daddy was born in North Carolina. Interviewer: Was he? 748: Yeah that's where he come from North Carolina. {NS} Interviewer: I'd been meaning to get that down I didn't {NS} I don't know whether I got that or not. Your daddy was born in North Carolina? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Your daddy was born in North Carolina? 748: My daddy was born in North Carolina. And raised that's where he was raised. Interviewer: When did he come here? 748: He come here in around in Arkansas about nineteen hund- I mean about eighteen hundred and ninety. Interviewer: So he was? 748: To Arkansas. Interviewer: How old were you when he came here? 748: Well how old he were Because to be honest with you I couldn't tell you all I know he just a grown man. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And your mother? 748: My mother she was born in North Carolina. Interviewer: You ever been back where they were born? 748: No sir I never have. Interviewer: So you're at where your relatives came from? 748: Say what? Interviewer: You ever wa- didn't you watch Roots on TV? 748: Well if I have I haven't you know I can't keep up with it. Interviewer: Yeah. Now did your father get any education? 748: No. Interviewer: Could he read and write? What about your mother? 748: She couldn't either. Interviewer: Um what did your father do? 748: Well biggest thing I know is it would be a farmer. One short while I know that he worked as a soldier. Interviewer: Yeah? And your mother? 748: She was too. She was a farmer too. Interviewer: Sharecrop? 748: That yeah. Interviewer: Did your father sharecrop here? 748: That's right. Interviewer: When he was able. 748: That's right. {NS} Interviewer: {D: But you had to work a lot yourself.} 748: That's right. Interviewer: Do you remember your grandparents on your mother's side? 748: No I don't remember them cause to tell you the truth I never seen none of 'em. Interviewer: #1 Do you remember? # 748: #2 Of course I never seen I never tell you what # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # I ain't never seen of my folks I never seen 'em but my brothers and my sisters. And and mother and father of course I can't remember my mother uh too well. Because in when they collapsed slavery the family split up. See? And some went one way and some went another I had one uncle they tell me went to Mississippi. I got a brother who said he went to see him. I never get to see him. I had one cousin when when my when my daddy come from North Carolina to here one cousin come to me and she went to Pine Bluff but I never get to see her. Never get to see her. So I never seen a cousin I never seen an uncle or my aunt. {X} But I was born here you see after my daddy come here from North Carolina to where I'm born. Interviewer: Gotcha. Do you and you don't remember your grandparents? 748: No I couldn't remember 'em cause I never seen 'em. Interviewer: Did your father ever tell you about 'em? 748: I've heard him tell about 'em I've heard him talk about his grandparents and all like that but that's the only way he talks about 'em just tell about 'em. In slavery though. Interviewer: They were slaves? 748: Yeah they were slaves. That's right. {NS} Yeah they were slaves. Interviewer: Where in North Carolina? 748: North Carolina. Interviewer: Uh that was your grandfather and grandmother? 748: #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 Now # your grandparents? On both sides? 748: On both sides. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Slaves. In North Carolina. {NS} Interviewer: Can you {C: Clock chiming in background.} {NW} Can you tell me a little about how you met your wife and? {C: Clock still chiming.} 748: Tell you what? Interviewer: How you met your wife? 748: Missed my wife? Interviewer: How you met her. 748: You mean I miss my wife? Interviewer: Met her. How you met her your her when did you when did you first meet her? 748: Oh my wife? #1 Oh now. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: Well I first met {NW} met my wife around oh say around my eighteen bout on nineteen hundred and maybe seven or something like that we went to school together that's where I first met her. We went to school together and we grew up here in this settlement together. You see? And got grown both of us got grown and we married {D: in nineteen eighty-seven.} I married about a woman {X} that's why I married her. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And she passed right here in this she we lived here at this place when uh when she passed. Interviewer: Yes sir. How old was she? 748: Why my wife I'll tell you #1 how old. # Interviewer: #2 She died # in sixty-one? 748: Well I'll tell you how old she she'd have been now. If she'd have been living she'd've been six uh she'd have been eighty two years old. And she was about twenty she was about twenty twenty-three when we married. Interviewer: Yeah? Was she Baptist? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Did she get any education? In other words could she? 748: Well she got through the grammar school. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Through grammar school. Interviewer: #1 Grammar school? # 748: #2 {D: Eight out of eight grades.} # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # And she got through grammar. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: That far as she got. Interviewer: Were her folks born and raised here? Do you know can you tell me about her folks? 748: Yeah her her mama and papa were born here. Wait now. Her her mama {X} yeah her mother and father yeah born here. That's right. In Union County. Interviewer: Yeah? Were they farmers? 748: They was farmers that's right. Interviewer: Did you know her grandparents? 748: Yes I knew her grandparents that's right. Interviewer: Were they born here? 748: Well they was born right here in Union County. {NW} Her grandparents on mother's side was old was old {B} and Angeline. {B} Interviewer: Really? 748: And um father's side now let me see Emily wait let me see {B} Emilynn {B} I believe was her name. Emilynn {B} And I forget what her grandfather her normal father's surname. Interviewer: Yeah? And they were probably old enough to that they were slaves when they were younger. 748: Well that's what they were yeah yeah they were slaves. Interviewer: Yeah? That's amazing. If you go back a long ways. 748: That's your life. Yes sir. Yes I've seen a whole lot go and come. It's been eighty-four years since I've been here. Interviewer: Yes sir. Remember a lot. 748: That's right. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} What were the roads like here when you were younger #1 can you remember? # 748: #2 What's that? # Interviewer: The roads? 748: The road? You mean like that road up? Well that is called a Smack over Road. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 748: That's what he'd called Smack over. Called that they didn't have numbers like they've got now. There was nothing that's how we set them now. Back there there's Smack over road. You know just back on {D: Elway} and Smack over road let me tell you. {NW} {D: Elway} and Smack over road. Interviewer: #1 And its? # 748: #2 One day # {X} Interviewer: It was what? It was? 748: Well just a day job. day to go. From {D: Elway} {D: to Smackover.} For what I can remember when we didn't have no forty foot deep dumps and things like now I can remember when we folks used to have to give so many days free work on the roads every year a grown man. And uh I've cut pole to put on these wet and boggy places I've cut pole in the woods never cross lay it cross lay I just need to get over. And I've cut 'em and I have hauled 'em {NS} I've I've helped to lay 'em down see? Free labor. So many days. One time I remember one time when I first got doing it about ten days you had to wait then they cut 'em down see? So many of them. Until they finally cut their free load working out you know? That's right. Finally cut it out. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} The uh you'd say if you if there was a log in the road you'd #1 say? # 748: #2 Well if there's a # log in the road you'd just have to you gotta saw saw it out and then you gotta {NW} then that was all you'd take a axe and cut it out. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 I've seen people # cut big old logs with axes that high. Interviewer: What about a place where um a place where where a water can come across the road uh maybe if there'd been a heavy rainfall and the rain has cut out a channel across a road or a field? You'd call that a? 748: A ditch? Interviewer: Okay. Uh or a you ever seen any place that would be cut out in the woods maybe a deep place? 748: A gully? Interviewer: A gully? 748: Mm gully. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what about just a little place in the road would be a? 748: Well I'd just call that a little drain. Interviewer: Yeah? Or a? 748: There's no place though I know. Interviewer: Yeah? A wash? 748: Wash yeah a wash. Interviewer: What's a what's a hollow? You ever heard of a hollow somewhere? #1 Hollow place? # 748: #2 What? # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Well uh we just had certain places around that we'd call hollow you know like in the woods or something like that all I know. I know I know trees called hollow trees. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Huh. 748: So we got some hollow trees around here now. Interviewer: Yeah? Now um to open a door you use a? A door? 748: Doorknob. Interviewer: Yeah? Have you ever heard of a little rise in a piece of land? Uh called that? A knob? 748: A lit- in the land? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well we'd call that a a hill. Interviewer: A hill? Something something not quite just a little rise in the land anything else you'd call it? 748: {NW} Well I I don't what I would answer that right #1 now # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: Let me think. Interviewer: You said you'd been up in the mountains? Have you ever #1 have you ever seen? # 748: #2 I've seen # I I went along the road in the mountains. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} mr {B} you ever seen a place in the mountains that would a rocky side of a place 748: Oh my. Interviewer: it would drop off sharp? 748: Yes sir. I said I've seen that going on the road. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: The big mountains my goodness alive. Interviewer: You don't know what a you ever heard of a cliff? 748: Cliff. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Yes I've heard of a cliff. Interviewer: Um. Now a place on the Washita maybe where boats stop and freight would be unloaded? That's a? 748: Well we'd call that we used to call that let me see, manning Manning site or something about that. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Yeah that think right now. Interviewer: Yeah? And you told me about you had been up in the mountains and seen places where water would come over. 748: That's right. Interviewer: That's a what? That's a? 748: Well uh I don't know what I wouldn't know what to call them all I know is there's water running. Interviewer: Yeah. That's something isn't it? Just to see that. 748: Bet your eyes. Interviewer: What kind of what kind of sight is it? 748: What kind of what? Interviewer: What kind of sight is it? 748: It's just a wonderful sight to look at is all I know. Interviewer: A beau- uh. 748: Beautiful. Course I'll tell you what um first time I went to California I went on the train. That's the thing and they have trains and {X} #1 {D: no one get on there can walk out.} # Interviewer: #2 Wait. # Where'd you catch a train? 748: Here {D: in LA.} Interviewer: At the what? 748: At I caught the train here the other way I headed for Richmond California. And moving along that train went out on places my own way up out of the way and went and some places you could see and in the summertime now and it surprised me {D: just to see Irish sugar around} {NW} Irish {X} there that was the one person I could see. Its so hot back there when we couldn't see couldn't know how to keep your clothes on. That train running around. And as I've said I've see water just running down and as I've said I've seen ice. Interviewer: Beautiful. 748: Beautiful beautiful beautiful it was nice to look at. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. Now after the roads were dirt first they were dirt and then they did what they? 748: Well they first just dirt road then we'd put {D: crossleg.} Then the then the then they grated 'em up. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Grated 'em up grated up you know. You see. And uh then they graveled 'em some of 'em. And with concrete. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And so that's where you've ended. Cause I {D: at least I say while I was riding on} with that road out there wasn't no wasn't no bridge down there there wasn't no bridge or we're on the other side of the railroad. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And there's a dirt road we'd just call that a dirt road leading out there or. {X} Interviewer: Now what do they what do they use to make that road out there? 748: What's that? Interviewer: What do they use to make that road out there? 748: Use to make it? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well they just use uh haul dirt and then build it up one thing. And then put gravel on top and pack it down put put gravel on top of it. Interviewer: And then what did they put on top of that? 748: Well I'll t- it's concrete {NW} they really did put concrete. Interviewer: That's not concrete though that's that black tar uh. 748: Uh listen concrete's out there in that road now I I'll tell you out here they got over here they got a stuff that's called up here they got it on this new they call uh what they call that stuff? Interviewer: Tar? 748: Yes and out of a tar they call it. What's what is {D: old sand say that} {D: I have sand on the concrete on that over out there.} That out there right there. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Which you go up here now before you get up here to the store you know and it's just what it make it you know all up there about the church. They got it we we all I know you just call it blacktop. Interviewer: Blacktop? Asphalt? 748: Yeah asphalt now now now asphalt now asphalt. Asphalt. Interviewer: Um now a little road that would go off from the main road? 748: Well we'd call it settlement roads. Call them settlement roads lately. You can go to place and place and place settlement road the main road. Interviewer: Yeah. When you turn off to go to a man's house? You go to the? Like this here is your what? This is your? 748: Mm well I don't really know it how far I'm down. {D: Dixon to the road and turn to the right} is all I know. Interviewer: And that's my? #1 It's? # 748: #2 Way to go to that house # Interviewer: #1 And that's my? # 748: #2 {D: boy.} # Interviewer: This road here is your what is your? 748: This this road here {X} this little old {X} here is just my little side road to my to my house. Interviewer: Yeah. Side road? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Now say you were walking back down to the to the um to the uh back pasture down there what would you use? 748: Anybody #1 leave that? # Interviewer: #2 How would # how would you get back down there? 748: Well I'll tell you if if I leave here walking now and and uh. Interviewer: You go out on the back what? 748: #1 I'd have to go out on the back. # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 748: Get out of the yard. Cut out across the woods out for cut the field made a field so far. {NS} Get out of the field and the field run out get out into the woods and go all the way there. Interviewer: Is there a place you can walk on? 748: No just walk on the ground that's all. Interviewer: Where you had cattle was there a was there a place that they walked that they could get somewhere? 748: You said cattle? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Now they had trails they'd pat out trails you see. And we'd call 'em cow trails hog trails. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: You see. {NW} To go to s- to go to certain sites that they like to graze on you see. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And uh I've seen trails that even go to folks's houses you know and near may have been I said uh near where you he says well now its a trail its not a road. Interviewer: {NW} 748: But he take a wagon on that but his trail is a space you can walk. A trail just beat out. And that's where your cattle you know they go from one loc- place in there. {X} And uh sometime they {D: you let 'em lift} and there's trails everywhere. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh the male in a herd of cattle is called a? 748: A male of a a a bull? Interviewer: Yeah. And the female is a? Does she have a? 748: A heifer. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you have one that you milked a? 748: Yeah oh I had a milk cow. Interviewer: Milk cow. 748: When she find that whenever she'd find calf in other words she had been {NW} bred to a bull. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: After that so many months I did know the months but I don't know it now. Then she'd have that calf that calf would develop in that heifer's body. And I have seen times just before that calf got ready to was born you could see that just see see it see it moving around in that {X} somehow. Same way about a child. A woman got a baby. Have a baby in her. Well uh sometimes people see and feel that baby moving around. Sometimes we see it. Then when that cow gets ready to have that calf she said you go out there somewhere and lay down. Interviewer: #1 She goes in the woods? # 748: #2 {D: Uh complete.} # And when the calf when she have the calf she'd get up and she bit that calf. Lick him off you see. Give him a little bump get up before you get up and get out. {NW} Interviewer: She goes to the woods when she's gonna? 748: What's that? Interviewer: A cow'll go to the woods when she's gonna drop when she's gonna. 748: Well. Interviewer: Drop a calf? #1 Like that? # 748: #2 That's the truth uh # Yes sir, that's the truth unless they're shut up somewhere. They go to the woods. They would just get better out there. They'd go out in the woods somewhere and drop that calf. Now unless you have 'em shut up. Cause if you have 'em shut up in a pasture or in a in a cow pen or something like that a cow lock something like that they have to have a Can you imagine like {X} Okay. Folks are there and now we a-ain't got a no place for a cow up if they got a cow. Uh that calf just have to have it that cow just have to have their calf right there in my in the yard or the little cow pen things. Interviewer: Yeah. Now when you didn't wanna uh well now the horses you had did you raise did you have horses? 748: Well horses well take a horse well a stud horse. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And you have the unspayed say to grow up a c- a colt and that colt's a stud in in other words a male colt. And as long as that colt wasn't cut them nuts wasn't and in other words his seed wasn't took out. And when he grew up you when when the horse got to cutting up that is when you could tell that you come in heat you know. You'd carry that horse to that stud and that horse would cover and uh when she'd have that colt w-when she'd have that colt you know if it's a horse it'd be a horse colt. Alright. Interviewer: You breed a stallion #1 to a? # 748: #2 Now listen. # And now listen if you want a if you want a mule folks have a we call 'em jacks see? Breed that {D: cow} that have a horse to a jack a mare to a jack a new jack. And then when that comes why he's a little be a little mule. Interviewer: Yeah? Yep. Did you like to uh ride horses? 748: I used to I used to like to ride horses. I liked to ride horses then. Interviewer: Did you do it much? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You do it much? 748: I used to ride right smart on a daily basis you know it's a part of my life. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I rode 'em bareback and I rode with saddles on. Interviewer: Now. Uh did you ever see them big ol' animals that looked like that looked like a a bull? That they used to pull wagons with? 748: Uh you talking about the elephant? Interviewer: Huh? 748: You talking about the elephant? Interviewer: No. No them big ol' animals they look like bulls. They might they might pull pull uh horses. Some of 'em look like bulls and they might pull a pull a wagon. They have a yoke? 748: Well uh now we call them oxens now. But uh like when you pull a wagon put the yokes on o- cows. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And uh uh have yokes on them two cows and they'd have one on one side and one on that and and and a chain in there That's what we called 'em oxens then. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: But they'd be cows. Interviewer: A yoke or a yoke of two would be called a? Two two hitched together would be a? 748: Well if it'd be it just a double yoke of oxen. Interviewer: Okay. And uh two mules hitched together would be a? 748: Uh Interviewer: You'd say you had a? 748: We'd have a a a team. Hooked together. Interviewer: Yeah that'd be a what? A team would be? 748: Well a team a team of mules or a team of horses or whatever they are hook it to your wagon and go on. Interviewer: Um. Now you you talked about the male the bull did you did women ever have another name for it? Did they? Would you would polite would women use a polite name for a male cow? For a bull? 748: Let me see. Interviewer: Or would they say that word? 748: I'm just wondering about a bull well. Interviewer: #1 Did you ever have # 748: #2 Sometime sometime um # sometime maybe they'd say male just to say uh didn't say a bull just say a male is all I know. Interviewer: Yeah? Did you ever have a a did you ever have one? 748: I've had {D: no son I never have.} Never raised a bull never had no bull I always took my cows somewhere else or they'll say bulls used to run in the woods. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: With the other cow. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But if it didn't why you had to take your cow to somebody to have a bull have her bred. Interviewer: Did did you ever uh you said you liked to break horses did you ever break 'em? 748: Yes sir I've broke my two in my life. And they tough to break old {X} said they'd jump cut up and push one thing another but just keep on keeping on patting 'em. If they didn't come on down in other words and let 'em know you mean for 'em to do something don't let him a loose. Just let him know you mean for him to pull this and {NW} I've had 'em run backups on him in all sorts of ways. Interviewer: Backwards? 748: {D: Horse and drawn} mule its not gonna j-just {D: run back and make sure the plow} have him on a plow just sometimes he gets run all back up over the side every kind of way sure you know just back up with your {X} don't know if you'd want to call it running or backing up for you. Interviewer: And then you'd go? 748: Well when you when he uh it'd sometime it try to make 'em jump over the plow but when he come now to the point to where you me he he know you he must do what you want him to do he just come on down just warn you just guide him where you want to go. Interviewer: He'd go which way? 748: {D: With the} with lines plow had lines on it. Interviewer: You'd say you go forward? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You'd say he'd go backwards and then he'd go? 748: Well it I mean when you're breaking 'em sometimes some of 'em would would break it by the way. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 Curve all sort of ways on you. # Where stomp on his feet in all sort of ways. Interviewer: They'd jump backwards maybe? 748: That's right jump on he'd run backwards. Interviewer: And then r- go real fast? 748: Run fast in every #1 {D: corner.} # Interviewer: #2 Pull? # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: Power the back ups are powered. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: See? Interviewer: Yeah. Now what kind of animals did you have right here that would bark a lot? Did you have a? #1 Did you? # 748: #2 Well # dogs. Interviewer: Did you have a lot of dogs? 748: I've had dogs. Dogs'll bark. Interviewer: What kind do you know about? 748: Now what'd you say there? Interviewer: What kind of dogs do you know about? 748: Well we had a we called it bulldog we had a hound. We had and uh and uh we called them rabbit dog. Shepherds. Shepherd dogs. Interviewer: What about them w- them them mixed breeds? 748: I don't know about them. Interviewer: You ever see them ol' mixed breed dogs? 748: I don't know about that. Interviewer: You just call them a? Or them little ol' small and yappy dogs? 748: Well I've seen lot of them and I don't know what to call 'em. Interviewer: #1 They're? # 748: #2 In other words # I've had a feist now a feist would be a little bitty dog. If we counted the feist. Maybe go {D: and roam door} and live and live and live {X} he he never grow to be big that's like we call that a feist. Interviewer: Yeah? And what about that do you ever see that kind of dog with a yellow mange in his skin color and some of 'em have glass eyes? 748: I've seen it but I don't know what to #1 call it. # Interviewer: #2 Call 'em a cur or? # 748: That may be a cur dog that people got. Interviewer: What about a Catahoula dog? 748: I don't know anything about that. Interviewer: You never heard of that Catahoula hound? 748: Never cause I I see a lot of dogs and see a lot of different dogs around town but I don't know what what you call 'em. Interviewer: Did you ever have a mean dog? 748: Mean dog? Sure. {D: And he moves here and says} uh he'd bite. And scratch you now now I would have him with me if anybody come up out there. It it'd sure bite 'em unless you less you fought him off. Then I've had I've had dogs that if he if he's run out there to something uh come back here. And he stopped. Trained dog to do that. Then if I wanted to get up. {NW} {NW} Catch 'em catch 'em catch 'em {NW} {D: it's usually something we forgot.} But when you want him to come out get that come back here come back here come back. Interviewer: Have you ever gotten dog have you ever had a dog come after you? 748: Sure I've had I know I had. {X} That dog tell you what I had a dog once I was going on the road uh and some folks there right side the road well they had a biting dog there. And that dog would run out and he'd come out at me and I went to him. I went to run I didn't have enough to bite him yet I was running and I fell down. And that dog hadn't when he he straddled me. That's what he done he'd run here's what he done. He just he twist his mouth on my arm just that bare {D: wrist.} And I got that dog a-loose you see I run my finger in and thumb in that h- dog's mouth and just clenched his tongue so hard against his You know down sharp. That's where it got. {X} {NS} There other folks you see who happened to see it you know and they come out hollered at him come back here. Interviewer: But he? 748: But he got I fell down and then he run he overtook me when I fell down. Interviewer: And you got he bit? 748: He he bit me. Interviewer: You got? 748: I've seen a man I've seen a man walk on me me and a man was walking on the road my brother-in-law we ran across him. And he said he's up here. {X} But I did the dog {D: corner round} I'm not watching him this is what he's gonna do. {NW} {D: he had gone along} The man had a had {NW} that dog's run up and on him. Tore a big hole in his pants. Interviewer: {NW} 748: That's the truth. Interviewer: {NW} That taught him didn't it? {NW} #1 {NW} # 748: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 That taught # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 I've seen that. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 748: #2 {D: I've got} # Interviewer: {NW} 748: {X} And he and that man were going round by no man's house by the name of. {B} Interviewer: {NW} 748: He got a bad biting dog. Yeah that dog if he just come and god bless he'd come out them well I just kept walking the dog. {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: #1 But he wanted to he oh oh he was I was gonna go # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: and that dog {NW} god bless your soul that's tore a hole in his pants. Interviewer: He got dog? 748: Got dog bit. Interviewer: Dog bit? 748: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Did did you have # to go to the doctor after you got? 748: I mean he no he didn't he didn't get bit bad enough for that. Biggest thing that dog jump in was a tore tore a big hole in his pants. Interviewer: Yeah. Now maybe when you were walking along a gravel road you if your dog came at you you would? #1 You did what? # 748: #2 That would get # I'd get a get a gravel and throw it at him. Interviewer: You'd pick up a? 748: S- A rock. Interviewer: And? 748: Chunk it. Interviewer: Chunk at it? 748: Or a stick. Try and get a hold of a stick or anything. Interviewer: Yeah. Hmm. If a dog he might be coming straight? You'd say he wasn't going away from you he was coming straight? 748: Straight to you? Interviewer: Toward-? 748: Towards you? Interviewer: Is that your word? 748: I'll straight at him? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Are you really? Interviewer: Boy that's a that's a scary feeling. 748: Well yeah. Going straight after him going say and said he don't he he don't if you don't stop him some way or another or somebody don't stop him. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: He'll get you cause and as I said a while ago {D: dogs of good mind and} {D: honor} See going and run and they'll say come back here he'll stop. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Didn't have to stop him yourself basically if he cut out running. Interviewer: Yeah? Now talking about a horse if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell? 748: Well I just said well my horse throwed me. That's what he {X} next he throwed me. Interviewer: Yeah or I fell? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: I I did what I fell? 748: Well I I yeah you'd say I fell but I'd just say my my horse throwed me that's all I'm gonna say all everybody is gonna say. Interviewer: Yeah but when you were young have you ever fell? 748: Fell off my horse? Interviewer: Huh? 748: Fell from a horse? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Sure I have. Interviewer: Fell off? 748: That's right. Interviewer: You'd say you fell what? Fell off? 748: Fell off the horse that's right. Interviewer: Um. 748: But of course if you throwed me off you I didn't just ride {X} pull off before you got some cutting up or something like that. {NW} Interviewer: Now uh {C: Clock begins chiming and keeps chiming until 21m01s} say a little child went to sleep and uh in bed and he woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning what would he say he'd say I must've? 748: Well well fell out of the bed. Interviewer: Fell out of the bed right. I noticed you had a out there on your front porch as you come up the come up the steps you had? 748: A horseshoe? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} Interviewer: What was that for? 748: Well I just an old saying I've heard folks say that is good luck. Interviewer: What? 748: A horseshoe. Uh good luck. Now that's all that I know about. You know the uh one person uh once told me I meant to try to keep the {D: hoodoos off.} But I never thought about that I just heard it was good luck. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: You see. Good luck good luck. Interviewer: Did you ever play that game? You'd you'd play that game you stick a {D: starbuck} in the ground and you'd? 748: Well sure throw a horseshoe at it you know and and that horseshoe you throw it around that horseshoe hook around it that way why you'd there'd be a reason they would sometimes fall. Interviewer: Yeah. You'd call that game? 748: Mm the horseshoe game is all I know. Interviewer: Horseshoes? 748: Mm that's the only way I know. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever have to nail them in? 748: Did you ever what? Interviewer: You'd put them in the what? 748: Put 'em in what? Interviewer: You'd nail 'em in the horse's? 748: Oh yeah put 'em uh put a horse shoe on it put his shoes on it shoe a horse. Shoe your horse. Interviewer: You'd put one on all four of his? 748: Yeah put one on all four of his. Shoe your horse. Interviewer: Yeah nail 'em in the what? 748: Nail 'em into the hoof. Interviewer: Yeah. A horse has four? 748: He got four legs. Interviewer: Four? 748: He needs four feet you know. Interviewer: Yeah but you gotta put 748: You got to put you got to put that Interviewer: Four 748: What's that? Them? Interviewer: Four horseshoes? 748: On that horse you know. And nail 'em on there and that nail fits into the hoof that's what holds it on there. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 {D: A hoof where that holds.} # Interviewer: Yeah. You gotta put shoes on all four? 748: All four feet. Interviewer: Four hoo-? 748: Four hooves if you want to call it. Interviewer: Yeah. Now you told me you used to raise sheep? 748: {D: Says what?} Interviewer: Or you didn't raise sheep? 748: No yeah. Interviewer: But the male sheep is called a? You ever remember what they call them? 748: Well um I'm just thinking what do they call a male sheep now? Maybe call it I just don't I don't know Interviewer: #1 You know what the female's called? # 748: #2 what. # It's just female and male is all I know. Interviewer: Yeah? The yo or the buck? 748: And I haven't. Interviewer: Ewe? 748: Oh a a male and the female billy goat {D: be and the male.} Interviewer: A what? Billy? 748: A billy goat I said is just a male and a female you know. Interviewer: Yes sir. Uh now the the tal- tell me about your hogs. 748: My what? Interviewer: Your hogs. 748: Hogs? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well hogs I've raised 'em. Only ways I ever raised 'em I'd say in the woods. And uh they'd raised fine raised off out in the woods and they'd come up. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Every so often and I'd go out and feed 'em and let 'em know this is home. {D: That'll teach 'em to come home.} Well if I want my hogs to come up and uh I couldn't uh if I didn't see 'em out there I'd be going {D: whoo whoo pig. Whoo pig.} See? Here he come. Like I'm gonna call my cow {D: soo-cow soo-cow.} Interviewer: Yeah? 748: All about meaning see? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: He'll see come on now. Interviewer: How would you call sheep up? 748: Well I never I never did sheep I told you I never raised no #1 sheep. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: I never raised no goats neither. Interviewer: Yeah? Now a hog that's been that's been uh if you didn't want a hog to grow up to be a? 748: Boar hog? Interviewer: Yeah. You did what? 748: You'd castrate him. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah you'd say #1 you you uh? # 748: #2 And then that sow # if you didn't want her if you don't didn't want to have pigs spay her. See? Interviewer: Yeah one of the the one that uh the one that was spayed was a what? 748: Well the spayed you just have all I know is just spayed with a knife. Just cut a hole and and take them little things out and throw 'em away. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Cut a hole That'd spay it. Cut a hole in her spayed it. That's a that's a a sow. Interviewer: Yeah? Now what about a? #1 li-? # 748: #2 A bull # now a bull you see you'd cut his seeds out. Interviewer: Yeah and then he'd be a what? 748: He'd be a he he you'd cut him into well all I know is just he called 'em boar or one of a bar yeah. Mm yeah. Interviewer: Um. ms B-T what what about them little ones that you said once they were they were a little bigger than pigs you'd call 'em a? 748: Well um {D: shoats} Interviewer: Male? 748: Yeah shoat. Male shoats are male. Interviewer: What about a female? 748: Well just {D: same thing about them.} #1 Get a male hog # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # 748: or a male um um a male hog or a. Interviewer: What was a gilt? 748: Well a gilt a gilt might say was an unspayed uh sow pig or something a hog. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Sow. Interviewer: Um. Now what do they have on their back? 748: Hog their hair? They have their hair on their backs you know of course and uh and of course you know hog have a I call it {X} they call it going right up and down their back. And you've you've seen hogs make make 'em stand up and then they bring 'em down. Interviewer: Yeah? Um you you ever seen them wild hogs? The ones that come up wild? 748: Well. #1 they won't no I never seen a wild # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: only only raised right in the woods and there there was uh I've come {X} because um he just go up in the woods and uh but since they were hogs you know and you of course I'd wait for the man who once had 'em all he'd go in the woods and catch up them wild hogs with their pigs and spay 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: You see? Catch them little male pigs up and cut 'em you see? Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And if the time comes and that they just stay in the woods until the time comes to you'd say hog killing time we called it. I've seen 'em get beat and fettered along the way {D: no you know} of uh acorns you know you'd have all sort of acorns and all sorts of stuff like that {X} they're gonna have it now. And I said I've seen 'em come up by the butcher {X} my goodness alive. And uh. Interviewer: You called 'em? 748: Well you just its a mill kill 'em in a mill. Kill 'em yeah. And uh you'd kill 'em while you got the hair of of 'em scald 'em. A big pot of water. Pour it in a barrel or something. Stick him in there. Pull the hair off of him. Hang him up cut his guts out. See? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And then when you cut his guts out and then after that you hang him up and then he and I mean pour water in him wash him out. Let him hang there a little while. You go to take him down then you cut him up. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: {X} Interviewer: What would you do with the meat from the? Well. Um. Now a a hog that's grown up wild would you have any names for them? 748: Oh um that would that be just wild hog is all I know. Interviewer: Yeah. And uh then they had them big ol''? 748: We call eyeteeth. Tusks its tusks teeth. {D: I think that's what it's called.} Interviewer: Eyeteeth? 748: Yeah eyeteeth. But I've seen in that's what that's what their That's what their tail would be. {X} Rip the guts out there you know? Interviewer: Teach it with one of the? 748: People. About uh {X} {D: before silo} a grown row got a few see you got teeth sticking out and that's the way you fight them. Fight anything {X} a hog or anything you just they {D: yup yup.} {NW} Interviewer: Out of one of them razorbacks? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Now when you got a hog manned his his hair would do what it would? 748: Well when you he he bristles. He raise his mane he raise his bristles up. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} Interviewer: You ever have one come after you? 748: Sure sure. Uh. In in the wilder we just find them wild over there but on them wood ways out they sometimes they do that they watch. Interviewer: Yeah. Watch. 748: Same same thing about you have a dog you have a dog you gotta train him uh uh {D: bait 'em with} {D: bait them hogs.} You see them running around they had their bristles up you know? {NW} {D: Damn true.} I seen a dog run yeah I seen a hog run at the dog once the man had that's a fine hunting dog there. That on this side isn't it? You just stay on that dog's side. Interviewer: Um. Now when you when you separate the uh calf from uh from its mother it would go to do a you'd say the calf would begin to? Start doing what? Start the? 748: Well uh {D: do we} have we got a big enough you mean when they when they when they would {X} the calf? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh well when you were weaning a calf #1 you'd start? # 748: #2 Oh oh now yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # When you wean the calf the old saying say you keep the calf {NW} you keep that calf away from that cow separate from the cow. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And don't let that cow and calf get together. Interviewer: And he starts? 748: And and then that cow it'll go dry cause the calf just keeps growing now. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Until he and he have uh Finally you keep weaning off of the cow until they get real big things sometimes they never try to suck that cow no more and I've seen great big ol' uh yep yeah there's something like that. Interviewer: Now uh the noise a cow makes you'd say he'd start to? 748: What's that? Interviewer: He'd start what? He'd start to? 748: You mean for? {X} Interviewer: What he'd start making when you weaned him. 748: Well u-uh. Interviewer: He'd start {NW} he'd start #1 what doing what? # 748: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: {NW} Say he began to 748: Well if you you you you wanna wean 'em {D: and caught in a} {X} in a later haul on till they got quiet. Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Start to do-doing #1 what would you? # 748: #2 Calf. # Interviewer: #1 {D: Belt?} # 748: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. Interviewer: Start bellowing? 748: That's right. Interviewer: Bleating? 748: Bleating yeah. Interviewer: Uh now when you have your you know uh a gentle noise a horse would make when you fed him. You'd say the horse began to? {NW} 748: Well. {NW} Interviewer: Start what? 748: Another word that be the thing I know when I have a horse I want something to eat and he see you coming as you comes across he look down at the crib {X} and he just hungry he goes. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 It begin # they begin to what? 748: Well he he nicker at me here he wants you to come bring him bring him something to eat. Interviewer: Yeah. Now a cow when you start feeding they'll begin to? 748: That cow. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Same? # 748: #2 Out on the lawn you know # she gets hungry or gets uh sometimes she goes to her calf sometimes he's hungry for water or something like that. She goes. {NW} Interviewer: Now the gentle noise it would make when you were feeding him he'd begin to {NW} Do say mooing? 748: Well it was feeding of course um. Interviewer: You know late in the evening the might be late in the evening and you'd be over at your n- over at at your neighbor's here and you'd come in and you'd say uh well goodness uh you'd hear all the horses and the mules and the cows and so forth start clamoring and you'd say ah it's getting right on I'd better go I didn't realize it was so late its its getting about? 748: Feeding time that stuff. Interviewer: Feeding time. 748: Yeah feeding time. Interviewer: I gotta go feed the? 748: Yeah I got to go feed my stock. #1 I said # Interviewer: #2 Wh- # 748: stock I feed my cow, horse, or whatever it is. Interviewer: Okay what if you had a lot of hens, turkeys, #1 geese, and so forth? # 748: #2 Well that would # um Interviewer: #1 You got? # 748: #2 Well people go to # {X} 'em. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 And um # Interviewer: you gotta go feed the? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Now where do you keep your chickens? 748: Chickens well we have uh we made the little houses. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 Give 'em ways # you know some of 'em just lived in this old kind of a black shack you know just go and you could why you could shut 'em up in there. Couldn't get out. We called it a chicken house. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: We had different ways of making cause we'd make they'd have make roosting poles put roosting place and so they'd get on something to roost on. Interviewer: Yeah. Hey do you got maybe just a little place where chickens can run in and out of the range? 748: #1 Well now # Interviewer: #2 The chicks? # 748: Chicks that's right. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Chicken chicken coop. Interviewer: Yeah. Now a hen on a nest of eggs is a? Is called a? 748: Setting hen? Interviewer: Setting hen. Um now uh how do you call your cows when you get them in into the field? Or your calves? 748: How you call 'em? Well they would call all the calves by soo-calf soo-calf soo-calf if he wants a calf. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And I'm working on a cow {D: sook sook sook.} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: See? Interviewer: Um did you have a way you would you would talk to your mules or your horses when you were plowing? 748: Well gee haw and those horses {NW} one would go to the right hard haw. One of them would go to the le- uh left. Left haw uh left say haw and if you wanna go to the right gee. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: You see. And you get a horse trained and you do that {X} you sat down he knows it. Haw. Gee. Get up there! Wanted to go go whoa when to stop. Interviewer: What did you say when you when you get on got on a horse and you first wanted to take off? 748: Get up there I said. Interviewer: {NW} You do that? 748: Well sometimes yeah. Interviewer: How would you call him in from the field? 748: In the field? Interviewer: From the field? Say he was out in the field would you call him in? 748: Well I don't I don't know call a horse I don't know if I'd call in a horse. {NW} Interviewer: You'd say co or something like that? #1 Or you'd? # 748: #2 Yeah that's right. # {X} {D: Coop coop.} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. How would you call your pigs when you're feeding 'em? 748: Piggy piggy piggy. Interviewer: Okay. And your chickens when you were feeding them you'd say? 748: Chick chick chick. Interviewer: Yeah. Now um if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere you'd say you were? You were doing what you were? 748: Well I'm catching my uh and harnessing up my horse. Harnessing up my wagon. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And my. {NW} Interviewer: In your wagon you hold on to the? 748: Line. Get 'em in the line. Interviewer: #1 Okay and so? # 748: #2 Line that # line like that's the guy that pull that horse whichever way you wanted to carry your wagon. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh now say you had four horses to a wagon the ones in the front are the? 748: {X} Well they're leading the wagon is all I know. Uh. Interviewer: And then the ones in the back are the? 748: In the back yeah. You have four on the wagon. Interviewer: If you have two horses the one on the left #1 is called # 748: #2 If its just just two horse wagon # why one on the right and one on the left you see. And have 'em hooked up in singletree double singletree. One big singletree right there go across that town and another one put them hangings were supposed to hang on that horse. Interviewer: Yeah. When you're riding a horse horseback what do you put your feet in it? 748: Stirrups. Interviewer: And you hold onto the? 748: Hold on the bridle. Interviewer: The bridle? What? 748: Bridle {X} and the bridle's on the bits you see in their mouth. Interviewer: Yeah do you have something that comes back from the bridle to hold on to? 748: Well #1 uh. # Interviewer: #2 The rein? # The lines or the? 748: Well nothing just just a just a line just uh. Interviewer: Bridle? 748: Bridle's all I know. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 748: Whether you whether you're riding bareback or or you have a saddle on but I rode 'em both ways. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Rode 'em without a saddle and I rode 'em with a saddle on. Without a saddle of course you'd get up on that horse and uh and uh check if {X} {NW} come {X} {NW} sounds like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now something if something wasn't real near a can you'd say its just a little? Just a little? What little what over? 748: Well. Interviewer: Like uh you might say uh? 748: A left door? Interviewer: No. Talking about El Dorado's not far from here it's just a? It ain't far from here it's just a what? Just a? 748: Oh just a little distant I'd say a little distant. Interviewer: Just a small just a little little piece uh? It ain't a? Now if you've been traveling and you hadn't finished your journey you might say you had to go before dark you had to go uh? You've still got a what to go? 748: Well I uh well I had to go have a if I was gonna say that I'd say well I'm gonna have to go so I can get home before it gets dark. It's all I know. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Gotta leave here early. Interviewer: Its still a? Say you've been traveling all day you might say uh we still got a? A what to go? Still got a? 748: Well been traveling all day why {X} just say well uh well one day it one day it out day it just out. #1 {D: And got me memorial.} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. You got to say you got to get to Little Rock and you might've just barely made it to Pine Bluff and you're gonna say we got before dark we got to go a? We got a what to go we got a? A fur? 748: Transfer? Interviewer: A fur piece or? 748: Yeah. Well I know I got to go further up Interviewer: A long ways? 748: A long ways you have to get to Little Rock. Interviewer: Okay. You might say we still got a? 748: Yeah. Still well a good dist- further still got some so much further to go maybe we got a mile or two to go. Uh two miles or whatever it is. Maybe a quarter of a mile sometimes. Interviewer: Yeah? When you were riding in your wagon say you were going up to Norphlet uh or when you were traveling through another town so then you'd pass somebody on the road and you'd ask 'em? What? 748: Well if I passed somebody on the road. Interviewer: How? 748: I just uh in other words I just turn just get on one side of the road and they're on the other and if I want to say anything as I pass them you'd say hello how you are? {NW} Interviewer: Huh? 748: Just say hello how you doing? H-how you going or something like that if I wanna speak to 'em. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 {NW} # If we're just passing 'em and if we pass 'em I said after one stop I said wait a minute. Interviewer: If it was a friend what would you ask them then? 748: Maybe I'd say pull in and I'll talk to you or something like that. Interviewer: You might see a friend in your wag- in your wagon as you're going by you'd say 748: Hey friend hello there! Interviewer: What would you ask him? 748: {NS} How're you feeling? {NS} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 748: #2 {NW} # Like that. Interviewer: How are you doing? 748: Yeah yeah. Interviewer: How are you? 748: Yeah that's right. Good morning what how are you feeling how are you doing? {X} Interviewer: Anything else? How are you? 748: Yeah that's what we say that we use that word sometimes if we can. Interviewer: What? 748: They'll say I well I repeat 'em and all through the day. {NS} Uh how was last night or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. 748: I repeat at night. Interviewer: How're you doing? 748: How're you doing now? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um now uh if something's very common and you didn't have to look around for it you'd say you can find that just about? 748: Go anywhere out there. Climb out there anywhere you can find it. Interviewer: Yeah. Like uh you can see a pine tree just about? Around here just about? Any? Where? 748: What'd you say? Interviewer: You can find a pine tree just about? 748: Oh you'll find pines around here you can find pine trees around here most anywhere is what I'd say. Interviewer: Yeah. Now a chi- a crying child might say uh he was eating candy and he didn't give me? You know? 748: I I want some more or something like that. Interviewer: He didn't give me? 748: Didn't give me enough or I want gimme some more. Interviewer: #1 Any? # 748: #2 Gimme a piece of that candy gimme some more. # Interviewer: He ate all the candy and he didn't give me? 748: Well if he. Interviewer: Didn't give me what of it #1 didn't give me? # 748: #2 {D: That don't} # {D: sense if you} {X} yeah I've got something give me another. Interviewer: You can gimme another one. 748: {NW} That's all. {NW} Interviewer: Were you the oldest or the youngest uh? 748: I Interviewer: Were you the oldest son or the youngest or? 748: I don't. Interviewer: Of the children what were you? 748: Oh I wasn't the no I wasn't the oldest I would I'd I'd say I was about the middle son. Middle middle middle m-middle. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Do you have a lot of people beating on you whooping on you all the time? 748: I thought I yeah yeah yeah that's right. Interviewer: Huh? Who's that coming up there that? 748: That my my son's he's going to work out there in my garden. Just in the garden. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. 748: My grandson. Interviewer: Your grandson? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Now uh the uh when you when you killed a chicken um did you did you have that piece that kids would like to to eat um? That they'd break it in two 748: #1 like this? # Interviewer: #2 Well that's called a # 748: called a um let me see me now. It ain't the collarbone I don't know what it's called. Oh sh- I forget what they call it I like that piece of chicken myself. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: It's quick piece of chicken on break them #1 down. # Interviewer: #2 They used to # try to pull it apart didn't they? 748: That's right I can't think right now what to call it. Interviewer: Call it the pulley bone? 748: Yeah my. {X} Interviewer: Wishbone? 748: Yeah now that's wishbone. Interviewer: Yeah? And uh did you do you remember any story about that that bone? Did the? 748: Well I have well I can't think of it now I have seen little pieces about all that #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 When they broke # that bone was there a story about it? Did somebody get? 748: Well. Interviewer: Who got the bigger end? What would happen to them? 748: Oh I'd go oh he got the best part of it. {NW} #1 That's the thing that they wanted. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Uh do you ever eat the inside parts of the chicken? 748: What's that? Interviewer: The inside parts of the chicken #1 what do you call them? # 748: #2 That that # well the gizzard. Interviewer: And the and? 748: The heart the kidneys. Interviewer: Yeah. Or the inside parts of a calf or a pig you might eat? 748: Well in a cow you eat his entrails and you call 'em the maw. And uh. Interviewer: The what? 748: Uh the maw. That that's that's a big part about that he gets the food in first. Interviewer: The maw? 748: The maw. Then if he's going back to another thing we call that chitterling yup what we call a chitterling. And uh and then there's some part of them guts we gotta eat 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {X} Interviewer: You ever eat haslets? What are haslets? 748: Haslets? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Hash made out of chicken liver uh any kind of liver. Interviewer: How would you make it? 748: Well just cut it up take your take your liver we'll make a liver {D: uh like a bit of a} hash. Just cut the both of 'em up together. Interviewer: The lights and the? 748: And the and the and the liver the yellow and Interviewer: #1 Different lights? # 748: #2 {X} # and then cook 'em both together. Interviewer: And you have 'em what liver and lights? 748: Hash. Interviewer: What do you cook uh what do you cut up? 748: That really light hash Interviewer: Yeah I see. Uh okay. Um. Now uh what's made of flour baked in loaves? 748: Well biscuits and white bread cake. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I finally got that for me. Interviewer: Yeah? Did you ever uh when its made to rise? 748: Well um. Interviewer: That flour baked in loaves. Wheat flour baked in loaves. 748: Bake bread well If you have to put um. Interviewer: You'd call it? 748: Well we'd just call it light bread is all I know right now can think of right now. Interviewer: Yeah. There's a difference between that bread you bought at at the store. And that's called? The kind you bought at home made at home the kind you bought in the store is called? 748: Well we call I'd I'd just call it a name name what made it {X} I'd just call it some white bread or or some rolls. Interviewer: Yes sir. 748: Or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And at home I'd call it biscuits. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I'd call it uh hotcakes. Or whatever you want to call it. Interviewer: Yeah. Um hotcakes or would you ever make anything else out of what would bread be made to rise with? 748: Soda and baking powder soda baking powder. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 748: Now them the only things I #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Do you have that stuff that came in packets? # Yea- Uh. 748: Oh yeast? Or some folks use yeast I never used yeast. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. Any other kind of bread that's made of flour? That you know of? Uh. 748: Well I just can't think of it. Interviewer: Would you wipe it and make it rise with salt? 748: Make it rise with salt? Interviewer: Yeah make it. 748: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 748: of cooking. #1 Cooking. # Interviewer: #2 Would would your wife ever just # take up a biscuit dough sometimes and put it in a pan and cook it like that? And make it? {NW} 748: Uh we'd call that a hoecake or a pattycake or something like that. Interviewer: Hoecake? Okay. Alright. Now you mentioned to me about ash cakes the thing you would pat up and put in the fire. What about the other kinds of things you would make with cornmeal? 748: Well you'd make the ash cakes out of cornmeal and I've made I've seen cornmeal dumplings. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Um I'm gonna say just have you something boiling and make you some little dumplings up and #1 pour it in there. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Boy I bet that was good. 748: And uh some can seem like you boil like chicken or something like chicken dumplings or I mean uh meal dumplings. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And uh you'd make a. Interviewer: Yowza yowza. 748: I don't can't think of nothing else right now. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever do you ever seen them things you eat with fish sometimes? Them little ol' things they'd fry 'em some? 748: I forget I've I've eat 'em but I forget just what they call 'em. But they're good. Interviewer: They might put onions in 748: #1 Yeah they # Interviewer: #2 or green pepper. # 748: they good yeah but I can't call up the meaning of that now. Can't think of it. Interviewer: Hush? 748: I can't think of the name of it right now. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of hush hush pup- 748: Yeah yeah hush puppy now now that's it right there. Interviewer: Yeah. And what about the uh what about them things that uh maybe you'd uh you'd make before the fire? Sometimes your mother would cook 'em in front of the fire? {C: Clock begins chiming and keeps going until 48m21s} {NS} 748: {NW} make put before the fire? Interviewer: Yeah on a board or something like that? She might clear out a place in the fireplace and she'd cook she'd pour this down on a board or something in the fire? 748: Well it pull out the ashes you know is all I know. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Rake the ashes apart. Interviewer: She ever cook it on a board? 748: I never cooked nothing not not on a fire not down thataway on a board. Interviewer: Okay. 748: I just put them ashes rake putting more ashes on if I I put uh fire over. Thing just like I tell you the other day about that about that lid to put on that big skillet Interviewer: Yeah. 748: and bake things with. Interviewer: Would you ever have anything that was just made with cornmeal salt and water? 748: Well just maybe the here's what I know. we call it our hot water bread now. {D: There ain't none of that for years.} Interviewer: Hot water bread? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Hot water bread and I like hot water bread no vegetables. Interviewer: Yeah. And uh. 748: I can dig it up now just no grease in the fryer cook in that fryer. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah? And what about uh what about the kind that uh maybe uh when you you're baking a large cake maybe it was about an inch roun- in a in a skillet or something like that and you'd say you made up a what? 748: Well I just made a if I'm done working the cake I'd say a pound cake. Interviewer: No if it was made out of cornmeal. 748: Well if it was made out of cornmeal I'd just. Interviewer: Say you made a corn? 748: Just a just basic basic bread's all I know Interviewer: Yeah. What was a pone? 748: A what? A pone? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well a pone was bread you know made up in uh in in in little pieces to cook. When you cooked them eggs away it cooked to death. Interviewer: #1 In a skillet fried? # 748: #2 Cook it on the stove. # Interviewer: Uh oh uh you mean it was a corn pone was a? 748: Yeah something like that. Interviewer: Just a little kind of? 748: {NW} Interviewer: One piece? It wasn't a big one? 748: Yeah one piece Interviewer: Okay. 748: Make it big or little if you want to make it. Whichever way you want to cook it you want to make a big pone of bread you make a big pone you wanna make a little one make a little one. Interviewer: In a skillet? 748: Yeah. You see make it in the skillet then. Interviewer: I see. Yes sir. Uh what about what was a what was a uh something that was cooked in a big skillet maybe thick you know thick if you think of cornbread? You ever had a Johnnycake? 748: Yeah we had them then. Interviewer: What was that? 748: You mean a cake joint cake? Interviewer: Johnnycake. 748: I don't know if that's a Johnnycake I can call it {D: beyond that} I can't remember nothing to be called that. Interviewer: Yeah. Now something you might drop in your uh would you ever put any of the hog parts of the hog in with the in with you know with the bread when you were cooking it? 748: Well I'll tell you about I wanted to put bread I put #1 and he poured it over # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 748: bread be put like a crackling be crackling bread. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And that's all all all I know to cook it. {X} Interviewer: Okay. 748: Crackling bread. #1 That that that # Interviewer: #2 Now. # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: be a crackling bread yeah. Interviewer: Now would you ever cook maybe corn meal in a deep pan and it would come out real soft and you'd you'd spoon it out on your plate? Put it out on your plate? Dish it out like mashed #1 potatoes? # 748: #2 Well um. # I have seen somebody would call it kush. Interviewer: kush? 748: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: Yeah I was on #1 yeah that I've eaten that I've made that. # Interviewer: #2 kush? # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah? You ever heard of spoonbread? 748: No I don't think I have. Interviewer: Okay. But kush you you like to eat that? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Now other things you made with cornmeal that sort of thing you can tell me about? 748: That I can't remember right now. Soups. Dumplings. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Anything like that. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Uh would you would you ever make these things that were round and they had a big hole in the middle of 'em? 748: Uh. Interviewer: Fried 'em? Maybe in deep fat? It had a big #1 it had a? # 748: #2 {D: Patty cake.} # I mean a tea cake. Interviewer: Tea cakes? Okay they were they fried? Tell me about them. 748: Oh no they. Interviewer: And uh what about the ones that were round and had a hole in 'em? A? 748: Oh well I forget now. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I don't know about that. Interviewer: Dough-? Dough-? 748: Doughnuts. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you ever take a hump of a lump of donut dough and put it and just dump it in the fat? 748: No I never have. Interviewer: When you were frying it? 748: No. Interviewer: Okay. Or something any other kind of sweet things that you might your mother might make up might have three strips across it things like that? Uh. You mentioned tea cakes #1 any other sweet things she might cook up? # 748: #2 {X} # Can only think about cooking sweets thing like that uh make uh uh pie crust. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Things like that. Interviewer: What uh what about a a something that would be cooked in a deep dish and might have fruit in it and had a layer on the top a crust on the top but not one on the bottom? You'd that would be called a pie or a? 748: Well that would be called be called a pie. Interviewer: Anything else a co- a? Apple? 748: Yeah o-or #1 an apple pie # Interviewer: #2 You might # 748: peach pie or chicken pie any kind of pie you wanna call it. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Cause I haven't had chicken pie it good chicken pie there. Interviewer: I bet that is good. Um now the uh the two parts of the egg are the what? 748: Well the white and yellow? Interviewer: Okay. How do you like your eggs prepared? 748: Well I like 'em fried. More or less. We just like 'em fried. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Scrambled. Interviewer: Yeah? When you um when you cook 'em in in hot water you'd say they're? 748: That's a boiled egg. You just put a boiled egg shell and all and then when you get them done {D: put together a little meal.} Interviewer: Two two of 'em would be two? 748: Yeah one one white and one white. {D: Very good.} Interviewer: Two boiled? 748: That's right. Interviewer: Two boiled? Egg? 748: That's right. Interviewer: Um. If you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of their shells into the water you ever do that? 748: Well I've done that but uh that's when I wanna Interviewer: #1 P- # 748: #2 uh # crack 'em through there that's when I wanted to stir them up in something but they also gonna want to uh cook it slowly. Interviewer: Yeah? Did you ever did you ever boil 'em? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh boil water and then just crack the eggs and let 'em drop in the water and cook 'em like that? Out of their shells? 748: Mm no I never done that. Interviewer: Poached? You ever hear of a {D: porched} egg? 748: No. Interviewer: Now when you're making up some greens or cooking some beans what do you add to it maybe to make it taste better? 748: Well I add the first thing I add first thing I'll put some meat in there. Interviewer: You said what? 748: Meat. Sau- uh bacon or uh dried source of meat in there uh a little lard in there. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And uh a little sauce in there and uh something like boiled or put even add a little pepper in some things boy. Interviewer: Yeah? Would it have some lean on it or would it be? 748: I mean that meat sometimes fat or lean sometimes both. #1 I like 'em # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # 748: both boiled in greens and beans. Interviewer: It'd be just a what a? 748: Be be be be cooked you know veggies sometimes. Interviewer: You'd just put a what in in with 'em? Piece of? 748: Well as I said I just put a just cook that. {NW} Interviewer: #1 That? # 748: #2 Put it on just # cut you a little piece of meat. Interviewer: Where'd that meat come from that was just a piece of? 748: Well that was hog meat. You know I just cut a piece of that hog meat. #1 Just. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah but # where on the hog it was just an old piece of? 748: What's that? Interviewer: It was just a old piece of what? Maybe sowbelly or? 748: Well that's right yeah. Sowbelly and for fish if I wanted to just wrap it I'd just want just sowbelly for it. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 Just cut the # the pieces out and put it in there too. Interviewer: If you wanted lean you'd put in? 748: Cut a little piece of the ham or shoulder or something a little like that. Interviewer: {NW} The meat between the ham and the shoulder was the? Well when you kill the hog tell me about how you cut him up the meat between the ham and the #1 shoulders? # 748: #2 Well the first # thing I do kill a hog {NW} hang him up wash him out take him down and uh get him open and cut there cut down his backbone on both side #1 cut them ribs # Interviewer: #2 What? # 748: cut them ribs you see? Interviewer: What'd you cut him with? 748: With a hatchet or something have to cut him with an axe a hatchet or something like that well or or that's all all ever I used. Interviewer: And you killed it what'd you stick him with? 748: Well stick it with a butcher knife stick him right in there you see. Interviewer: Yeah okay. 748: Stick him right in there you see. Interviewer: In the what? In the? 748: In the heart. Come on that's where you want to hit it right in there. Hit it right and if it hits the if you hit it just right then blood will come out of the wound if you don't hit it right it won't come. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Got to hit it just right. Know just where to stick it. And uh #1 as I said # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: take him d- down cut him up uh hack that down that back bone width hack it down that backbone all the way and lay it out there then take it out and cut that. Then take them ribs you cut them out of there you know. #1 Yeah? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 748: and then then separate uh cut that ham cut take the ham and then take the ham part of it cut the cut the bit that's on there cut that away. Say that's the shoulder part and that's the ham. And uh and this is a middling you see we call 'em we just call 'em middlings #1 that's what we call 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: And uh #1 and every time # Interviewer: #2 Now. # 748: You have to take that bone hack them bones up will you. Them back bone hack them up take their ribs and you hack them up make the Interviewer: Yeah? Uh the kind of meat that you buy buy smoked and its sliced thin to eat with your eggs that's? That that meat that you buy sliced up thin to eat with your eggs in the morning? What's that called? 748: Uh Interviewer: Buy it at the store? 748: Oh I call it uh is it just called bologna or something like that? Interviewer: That meat that you that you buy sliced up real thin to to fry up with your eggs? 748: Bacon? Interviewer: Okay. When you the out the edges of bacon that you cut off before you slice it? 748: Skin skin. Interviewer: The skin? Did you ever buy any meat that uh {NW} that you would buy {NW} and then you would slice it up thin yourself to eat with your eggs? 748: Well yeah sure. Interviewer: What's that? 748: {NS} Well I bought bought a little piece of little piece of uh uh siding. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Or a piece of a Interviewer: {NW} 748: #1 {D: liver or} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: whatever they want to call it you know? Interviewer: And you'd slice that #1 up and make? # 748: #2 Yes I'd slice # it up myself you know like come on. Interviewer: And make what out of it? 748: Well it just gets sliced is all I can tell you. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Now tell me about what you do with the rest of the hog that sort of thing what you'd make from it? Fr- with the hog meat? When you cut it up could? 748: Mm what you do with it? #1 Whole hog? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah. Would you ever take the trimmings and slice 'em up and grind 'em and make? 748: Well I'd make sausage out of that you know take you know and then you cut it up cut and make sausage out of it. Take the hooves off of them hooves and uh throw them away or save 'em if you want 'em. And them hooves you can make tea out of 'em. Interviewer: Yeah Did you ever use the blood for anything? 748: No I never did. Interviewer: Aw that's good fish bait. Freeze it and it'll make good fish bait. 748: Oh I didn't even know that. Interviewer: Uh well now the head the meat from the head you'd make what would you do with the head? 748: Well the head sometimes they'd they'd and and and and and again I'd make a salad. Hog head salad. Interviewer: Hog head salad? 748: Oh there's a hog head cheese or whatever you want to call it. Interviewer: Yeah. Um would you ever mix up the juice of the head cheese with some meat or corn meal? And and you would stir it up in corn meal? 748: Oh I've tried that thing. On that quick- {NS} 748: {X} Interviewer: Cutting yourself a chaw? 748: Yea I {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Had to quit smoking. Interviewer: What'd you smoke? 748: Uh I did smoke cigarettes. And I would {X} {X} then I smoke cigar up in the bathroom with a pipe. 'til my docs told me you gotta lay the pipe aside. {NW} Had to lay it aside. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well I had to lay it aside out 'til I had blackouts I think I told you about that. Interviewer: Yeah. You told me about that. 748: I had blackouts uh so the doc said well I guess you're gonna have to lay it gotta lay that pack down. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And uh I found out that it didn't but main- the main thing what made me know I sure had to lay it down. Want me to tell you about it another time you wanna just {X} got up on that little note no back stool bar like that drank me a coke look down there directly {X} {D: wonder what's down there} {X} Interviewer: Say uh I got some grapefruit juice out in my car would you like a sip of that? 748: I'm actually {NS} Interviewer: What? 748: I put I I like {C: background noise} drink coffee if I got sugar to put in it but I ain't got no sugar and I don't want it. I don't have to drink it. I'm not a such accustomed to drinking I think I just got to have just like I have to use the bathroom looks like I just have a habit to use the bathroom back all the time. Interviewer: Yeah. How do you like your coffee? 748: I like two things about it want it strong and want it hot and sweet. I don't want no want no cream in it. Interviewer: You like it did you say you #1 like? # 748: #2 Black. # Just say a black coffee. Interviewer: Without? 748: Well without uh cream. {X} you might say it was black just without anything sugar anything. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But I want that Interviewer: Straight? 748: but I sure want that sugar in that coffee. Want it hot. mean. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And strong good coffee. Interviewer: How did you used to how do you make your coffee? 748: Well I'll tell you I'm using this instant coffee now. I just have me some boiling water. And uh take this boiling water Pour it in a cup Putting in what sugar I want in it. Littl- and a little coffee in it, stir it up and I got my coffee and then that way if I count. {NS} Way we had to make our coffee Way I know you think about way back yonder when I had plenty of mobility. Um by a green called him forty-three parched. {D: Been that little mill} {NS} put that little mill had to grind it up. And put it in a pot. you see it boiling And you pour it and they settle just a little bit. then pour to cup out right Best cup of coffee I've ever had. Done me no good in anything but the real black way I love it. Put in. {X} one night. And the man was placed at a saw mill. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And uh had {X} And about pound that side and a pound this side {D: is a kilo.} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And you had to pull slabs and things down {X} that comes up to sawmill you see pull them down pull 'em under there {X} Like I say {X} that was back {X} {X} electric lights I'll tell you. {X} Well he kept dismounting. This old night one he he cleaned up the mills here. Cleaned up everything and and and watched around And he come down there and so he says well says about oh about midnight a little boy said well about this time {X} its either gonna come down on the bop {X} {NW} {X} looked like to me I was going to see them files going round and round. But I happened to look up {X} That time he got {X} but he had um he made it on the jar see got a can to pour it out {X} bought the can {X} {NW} That is real coconut but coconut. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Um. 748: I was um coming once from Detroit. On the bus. They stopped uh the rest area. I go down into the restroom. And I had done that several times {X} and they buy a cup of coffee wasn't that stuff wasn't that hot what colored water you might see. But me and a white lady happened to be sitting at the same table with me. What what went down. And she was drinking some coffee that coffee I just sat looking at that coffee it looks so good. {X} I say is that coffee or is that water she said I'm gonna tell you mister. She said this is some good coffee. now order me a cup of {X} {NW} Interviewer: Hmm. Um now if you kept your meat too long your meat did what? 748: It would get it would get rank. It'd get rank. Tell you another thing if you didn't do if you didn't uh didn't watch it {NW} in- flies or insects get into it {X} and and maggots get a little little {X} See. You have to clean 'em out get 'em off before you throw it away. Interviewer: In that case it's spoilt? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You say your meat'd get s- get? 748: Well it gets rank you know, keep it too long. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 How # would you say it tasted? It had done what it had gotten #1 {X} # 748: #2 spoilt? # {X} tastes strong you know then you could look at it and tell if it was rank. {X} Have uh too strong a taste if you know what I mean. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Um did you ever keep any thick sour milk around? #1 That was # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that was what? You put it in front of the fire and let it? 748: Well I'll tell you about that sour milk now. Sour milk that uh what I would care would be buttermilk. Interviewer: Yeah. But will you put milk in front of the fire #1 {X} # 748: #2 Now listen. # Take milk that cow put that milk in that churn and set that churn out close to the fire. And turn it around facing one a time now. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: It'd get warm and that milk would turn and gets to Interviewer: Cla-? 748: That's make a clabber. Well all of the the fat part of the milk the cream part of the milk might {X} go in and skim that off. That's butter. While you're stirring that butter up put your salt in everything. {X} And uh and you see you have to churn it {X} you churn it churn it churn it. Now you have to beat all that clabber up. Now you have to beat it all up you know. And that that uh butter then it'll come to the top just wait a minute. You just take um spoon and dip that butter out. put your butter in a bowl and stir it up and put s- some salt in it {NS} and uh you can use your milk then on out of the jar. Buttermilk on out of the jar. We called it buttermilk then you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 748: Uh. Interviewer: Did you ever make any cheese from that? 748: No I have never made #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 From that clabber? # 748: No I've never made any cheese. I've heard it but I've never made it. Interviewer: What did they call it? #1 Cla-? # 748: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Yeah you ever eat cottage cheese? 748: I've eaten cottage cheese. I bought it {D: though.} I like it very rare. {X} Interviewer: Um now if you kept your butter too long your butter'd get? 748: Well if you keep your butter too long and don't uh Interviewer: #1 Didn't taste good. # 748: #2 It it # it it it'd get it'd get it can't {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} Butter {X} how long just like anything else put it I guess the icebox {X} Interviewer: How would you describe its condition? Would you say it tasted? 748: Well it tastes uh it's kinda like having a rankish taste uh. Interviewer: Yeah would you say stout? 748: Yeah uh something like that. Interviewer: What would that mean? 748: Well that would just mean it's uh {X} Interviewer: Yeah. When the butter tasted? 748: Rankish. Interviewer: {X} Would you say it tasted stout? 748: Yeah rankish Rankish kind of a taste. Interviewer: Stout? 748: Kind of sourish or something like that. Interviewer: Or did you ever say stout? 748: Yeah I guess I did say sour. Interviewer: Say what? 748: Sour. {NS} Interviewer: Um now when you when you first bought brought the milk in after you milked it what would you say to a cow when you want him to stand still when you're milking? 748: I'd say saw. Saw. Interviewer: And what would you do to get any impurities out of the milk? 748: I'd do what now? Interviewer: What'd you do to get any impurities out? 748: Uh. Interviewer: You might have to? 748: Well I'll tell you what when I milk the cow now when I brought the milk to the house I strain it. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And this strain real thin cloth. And pour it out of one thing into another one you see. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But then that'll strain all the little things. Interviewer: Yeah. Um if somebody had a good appetite you'd say boy he sure likes to put away his? He can put away the? 748: Well I would just say he sure is greedy. Interviewer: Yeah. He can put away the what? 748: Uh put away the food I Interviewer: {X} 748: Put away the food or #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 748: greedy or something. Interviewer: Vittles? 748: Yeah. Or something like that I'd say. Interviewer: Um now would you have milk or cream? What would you call milk or cream mixed with sugar maybe and poured over a pie? 748: Well I'd call that um. Well I'd call uh icing. {X} Interviewer: Just milk or cream or #1 something # 748: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 some sort of sweet # 748: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: things you pour over pie #1 some sort of sweet sauce? # 748: #2 {X} # {X} Icing you know. Interviewer: Okay. Is it liquid? 748: Yeah liquid icing. Interviewer: Okay. Do you eat you eat pretty regular don't you? Do you? 748: Yes sir. Interviewer: Okay now food you eat between regular meal you'd say? 748: Well I'd call that a snack. Interviewer: Snack? Okay. Just gonna go have a? 748: A snack. Interviewer: Would it 748: Between meals. Interviewer: Would it be a big big #1 thing? # 748: #2 No. # No no, just a snack. Interviewer: Yeah okay. All right now do you like to drink water a lot? You drink water in a what? 748: Well I drink water out of a glass uh jug or a Interviewer: Yeah. 748: dipper. Interviewer: Um now when dinner is on the table and the family is standing around waiting uh to begin what do you say to 'em? 748: What's that? Interviewer: {X} 748: {D: Well so} I'd say well dinner's ready or supper's ready. Y'all come down. Interviewer: Everybody? 748: Yeah just say y'all come on down dinner's ready supper's ready dinner or whatever your, breakfast whatever it is. {NW} Interviewer: You'd be in the dining room and everybody'd be walking around and you'd say? What? 748: Well I'll tell you. You had a dining room and everybody walking around. And uh. Interviewer: Tell everybody y'all come? 748: Well as I said tell 'em to come on eat. Interviewer: Okay. If if you want somebody to maybe not wait for the potatoes or pass you'd say? Go ahead and? 748: Well just help yourself. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: To what you see. Interviewer: There're the potatoes. Just uh. Okay. If you decide not to eat something you'd say I don't? 748: Well I'd I'd just say well I'm not hungry now. I don't care to eat right now something like that or whatever Interviewer: Okay. Um if the food has been cooked and served a second time you'd say it's what? 748: Well it's just some warmed up leftovers all I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you put the food in your mouth and you? You do what you? 748: Just chew it. Interviewer: Chew it. Um. You might say uh that soup was so hot I couldn't? 748: Well hmm. Interviewer: Something was so hot you #1 couldn't? # 748: #2 {X} # Well you I'd just say well this soup too hot now gonna have to wait for it to cool. Interviewer: Yeah. I can't what? 748: I can't can't eat it right now, too hot. Interviewer: #1 Yeah it's too? # 748: #2 {X} # First time ever I remember drinking anything out of these hot water bottles and things like this thermos bottle. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Me and a white friend of mine {X} We was putting up a fence. All the way in northern. And it and at dinnertime come he had in one of these hot water he had one of these {D: hot} bottles. He had his coffee. And he poured me a cup, poured him a cup. Well I had never s- didn't had never seen one. {X} Never seen one used before. I'll have to drink take a drink of that coffee {X} {X} too hot. That was {X} I'd ever seen him. Interviewer: So hot you couldn't? 748: I couldn't drink it. Interviewer: #1 Swa- # 748: #2 {X} # Yeah just couldn't swallow it. Say it scald me, scald my mouth. {X} That's the first time I've ever seen me took anything out of a thermos bottle. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 I bought # me that cup of coffee that day {NS} Oh man get back to boiling over the stove. Interviewer: Yeah. Now you put your food in your mouth and you begin to? 748: {X} bite maybe take a little sip of my coffee eat a few bites more take a little sip of my coffee. Interviewer: You begin to what? 748: Bite of this and a bite of that. {X} Interviewer: You begin to what you begin to? when you bite down you begin to? 748: Chew. Chew. Interviewer: Chew. Um now if something's good and makes a good impression on your nostrils you'll? You'd say someone mm just 748: {D: Oh I'd just say just say} you know one thing this just sure is good. Interviewer: Just mm just? 748: Uh I'd just say. Interviewer: Won't you just? 748: Well just good. Interviewer: Yeah. Won't you just uh smell what? Won't you just {NW} mm. #1 What would you say to someone? # 748: #2 {X} # {NW} S- wanted somebody to smell it? Interviewer: Won't you just? {NW} 748: Oh yeah well I'd j- I'd just say well just taste it. or smell that woman. Interviewer: Huh? #1 Smell it. # 748: #2 Taste # or smell that one. Don't believe it's good, taste it. Interviewer: Or smell it? 748: or smell that lady. Interviewer: Smell it. Uh now if you crushed a cane in your bowl of juice and made? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You crushed a cane and you boil the juice and you make? 748: molasses uh we call it molasses or syrup. I would call it syrup, molasses whatever you wanna call it. Interviewer: Yeah. What else? 748: Well if you leave that syrup molasses well fortunately I just store it up in uh buckets or kegs {X} you know and just take it out in the middle of them {X} Interviewer: What's the difference between syrup and molasses? 748: Well I don't know none that's just it's just uh just just uh just cold I betcha I don't know #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You? # 748: molasses well {X} Well I just don't know none. Interviewer: You might say molasses? What? 748: Just syrup that's all gone. Interviewer: #1 Molasses what? # 748: #2 {X} # molasses that's all I know that's all that I notice Interviewer: Okay molasses is syrup? Um. 748: Just like I want someone to pass me the syrup, say well pass me the molasses then. Interviewer: Yeah. You remember when they used to weigh sugar out of the barrel? 748: Do I remember? Interviewer: Uh it was sold what way? 748: Well in other words it was sold by the pound all I know. Interviewer: Yeah. You go in and buy say how much? Five? 748: Well I want say I wanna take a pound of sugar home five pound of sugar home. Six pounds of sugar I think. Interviewer: Yeah it was sold in bu- in what? 748: In buckets. Interviewer: In bulk? 748: In in bulks I'd say well. And they have a ten pound sack or five pound sack. Interviewer: And that was in bulk? In what? 748: In bulks sure. Interviewer: Bulk okay. Now what would you have on the table to season your food with? 748: Well salt. Interviewer: just the two #1 {X} # 748: #2 Pepper. # Interviewer: Huh? Just salt just what? 748: We eat salt, pepper. Maybe some pepper sauce. And uh maybe {NS} well have to buy the biggest thing {X} these other preparation. Interviewer: Just salt and pepper? 748: Uh besides salt and pepper. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Huh. 748: But I'm just talking about what what I was raised up with. Interviewer: Yeah. I bet you ha- you had a lot of friends around here I bet didn't #1 you? {X} # 748: #2 Oh {X} # Had a lot of friends I'm telling you I don't know what I'd do without my friends. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And when I say friends I mean both colors. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I saw the others so conduct my life in such a way 'til I've got 'em on both sides. Yeah. Interviewer: Say you got a? 748: Good friend, friendship. Interviewer: Pa- a would you ever say a pass-? Do you know what a passel is? 748: uh pack- uh pass- uh? #1 Uh lots of 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Passel. # Passel? 748: I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Um okay. Um talking about all your friends most of your friends are? {X} All the friends you had when you were young. {NS} 748: Well when I was young all of my friends {NW} passed on and gone. Interviewer: They're all what? 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 748: Some of 'em dead and gone. And some of 'em just moved out and gone. {NS} Some of 'em just living yet cause I don't know where they living at. Some of 'em dead. Gone. Interviewer: #1 It seems they're? # 748: #2 It's like uh # it's like I got a lot of friends now living and a lot of enemies more Interviewer: Yeah. Now there might be an accident up the road or something like that and uh y- you might say uh wasn't no use for the doctor to go because by the time he got here the victim was? Was what, he was? 748: Dead. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well um I wouldn't I wouldn't know how to fix that. I wanna just say this. If an accident happened up the road go to see about him whatever you can do do that. That's all I know. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Whatever you can do. {x} to help him to assist him, do it. Just like I told you yesterday I read about that fella knocked out up that road right over on top of that hill there. I told you about that yesterday. Well these other folks Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 they had knocked # out down here you see. Folks stopped to help him see what c- could they do for him. Interviewer: If that guy hadn't helped him now he'd be? 748: Well maybe so. {X} Well he j- he just knocked plumb out. You know uh I'm out see we have to pull up know how know how to help him. god They didn't know how to helped him people in that condition. Just like they was outdone. There's a white lady. {X} When she was a baby I reckon per her mom and papa she had the whooping cough. {NS} {X} She had the whooping cough. {NW} and she. {C: rustling papers} He c- he can come in. Interviewer: Um. {NS} {X} 748: Had the whooping cough and uh all that she got the cough you know {X} she was a baby. {NS} And uh when she coughed that phlegm I thought that child just she just oh man she just couldn't get her breath she just turned just as white as a piece of cotton looked like I'm just comparatively speaking. Auxiliary 1: {X} 748: All right thank you. I'll tell you about Ida. {NS} Auxiliary 1: Yeah hang on here I'm coming. 748: Huh? Auxiliary 1: It's been worn but I don't have uh. 748: In here. I'd go up to that woman smack that child out of that woman's arm and run off {X} {D: that child's soul and I got over there.} {X} {NW} {X} I said why I'll tell you right now and she said {X} She take me back now everybody going man saved my life uh. See her mama don't mama just done got scared she just and just scared to death you know {X} and the child just laying there dead. and uh I just happened to come in at that time I just run in and grabbed that child {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: and run my hand down and pull that phlegm out of that throat big ol' phlegm. {NW} She caught her breath. Interviewer: That's something. 748: You bet it is. It's the only way if we can help folks. but it's in emergencies. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {X} {D: Well there are} two things about one of 'em is one of you didn't know how. {X} do do what you know how to do. {X} know some things that {X} {NS} {X} the fact that I don't freeze and I don't {X} it's a miracle. {C: door slamming} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {X} Hope right now maybe uh {X} I had to get cigarettes. {NS} The other way of life I'm going to church now. Some are what they call church members. My preacher get on the stand preach preach preach what you must do what you must do. And uh he preach one thing do another one. because I've been sick and stopped to see him and say how you been {X} {X} But get him to stand oh what you must do what you must do. Preach one thing and do another. Must live what you preach. I tell him all the time there's two ways to teach me. Teach me by preach set an example. Tell me then show me. by doing it yourself. {NW} How about you do it yourself. That's right do it yourself. Interviewer: Those people that preach what that preach something they gotta practice it. 748: Well yeah that's right. Practice. {X} What the what what was your angle? Interviewer: What uh what they preach they've gotta practice? 748: {D: By showing they should} what they got they they should practice. But some of 'em preaching don't practice it. Interviewer: Yeah but you're supposed to they're supposed to #1 practice what they? # 748: #2 {X} # Right that's right. Interviewer: #1 theirselves. # 748: #2 {X} # {D: That's what I'm getting.} If uh someone says ain't on me to me tell you {D: uh if you pay up a bill that} he need help and and and and and uh and don't help him. Your buddy if if if is appreciating if if he doing the same thing. {X} I know it sounds true. {NW} I know it's just true. But the same time if you want to make it stick with me I must see you do something Show me by presenting example. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Yeah. {NS} Um well what tell me about the kind of trees you got here. 748: W- what? Interviewer: What what kind of trees you got here? {NS} 748: Well trees {NW} we got pine trees, we got oak trees, we got bay trees, we got um uh {D: cherry pin trees.} Auxiliary 1: Fair. 748: We got uh hican nut trees. we got pecan tr- uh apple trees #1 pecan trees # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 748: and uh Interviewer: Sycamore? 748: and walnuts trees. And uh {NW} elm trees. Auxiliary 1: Yeah. 748: We got um. {C: ripping paper} Interviewer: {NS} Have you have you got that stuff that makes you scratch all the time? 748: That kind of a tree? Interviewer: Yeah. No a kind of a vine. 748: Oh well yeah. make you scratch all the time you know and y- you're talking about poison ivy {X} poison ivy {X} {D: scratch it} big sore you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {X} Interviewer: Are there different kinds? 748: I don't know if there's different kinds of poison ivy and then some poison ivy don't bother some folks some folk do it I can go out there some poison ivy growing in my posts out there now I can go out there and mm well some folk will go out there and just take it put it all by the {X} if they do that it'll break out {X} Interviewer: Hmm. Um y- you got that bush? That gets real tall maybe and turns red early? It's got berries on it? It grows around hills? #1 {X} # 748: #2 Dogwoods? # Interviewer: On fences. No this is a bush. 748: Bush? No we call it Interviewer: Got berries or #1 {X} # 748: #2 {X} # tell what we call we call {X} {X} I think that's what we call it. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} What about that real tall bush or or shrub with a kind of stem of leaves growing from it that turn bright red in the fall? And it has a little red bunch at the top. They grow all over a hillside or by on the road by fences. 748: Well uh. Interviewer: Some folks say it's poison. 748: Well uh. Interviewer: To some people it is. 748: Sassafras. We have sassafras here. Interviewer: Yeah y- you got shoemake sh-? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: What? 748: {D: Sassafras out here.} Interviewer: Shoemake? Sumac? 748: I don't remember that. Interviewer: Sumac? Shumac? {NS} Mm-kay. Now what kind of wild berries might you get? 748: Well we got mulberries we got uh huckleberries we got uh mulberries and huckleberries. Auxiliary 1: How's that? 748: {X} that's about the biggest I've I know. Mulberries and huckleberries. Interviewer: Yeah. Now what about them red berries you might eat with your cream? 748: Well red berries well. Interviewer: #1 Red berries? # 748: #2 Oh yeah # uh we call them uh we call 'em blackberry. Interviewer: You make shortcake out of what? 748: We call 'em blackberries. Blackberry it goes on pie. Interviewer: Yeah. You make shortcake out of any berries? Shortcake out of straw- uh. Straw? Strawberry? 748: Well I can't remember. Interviewer: You got strawberries? You ever eat? 748: Strawberries I have raised 'em but I don't have none now. Interviewer: Yeah. Now them big old plants maybe that grew up in the mountains um or something such as that they got long stems on 'em and white and pink flowers. You ever see them? 748: Nah I never did see 'em. Interviewer: What about that tree here that's got a green shiny leaf and and a big white flower? 748: That's a biggest thing I know is a bay. Interviewer: Bay? Bay tree or a mag- you got any {D: talcumber} trees, laurel tree, magnolia? 748: No. Yeah there's some magnolias here but {D: yeah there's some here that magnolia tree.} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Now would a husband, when a man couldn't make up his mind about something he'd say I have to ask I better ask who? 748: Well I'll tell you in other words {X} {D: he'd better say I'm gonna ask god.} Interviewer: What if he's married he'd say? 748: Well uh now if it don't come to that now uh probably gonna ask me about something and uh it could be to somebody else can sign me to tell y'all And I'd say well I'd better ask them. {X} Interviewer: What if your wife was concerned? You'd say I I'd better ask? 748: Well better ask my wife before some time. My wife. Better ask I'd better ask my wife something. {D: But she {X} the house} I don't know. Interviewer: Other names? 748: I said I might ask my wife something could ask my wife something she might know about the house but I don't. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: See. I'd have when I plan on going to town I tell my wife say well now look at the kitchen. And uh I will ask her now what you want me to get. Want me to get some salt, soda, baking powder, whatever it is tell me now. And I get it. Course she oughta she's serving in the kitchen. Interviewer: Um older names you would say you'd say I gotta ask who? 748: I better ask my wife or asked uh uh well my friend or something like that anything #1 like that. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Your what} # your father do you remember what your father used to call your mother? He'd call her what? 748: Well {X} I care what he called her. {D: You know my mother whether he called his wife or.} Interviewer: What? 748: He called her Katie. Her name was Katie. Interviewer: #1 Katie or? # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Would he ever say the misses or? 748: No he wouldn't, just say Katie Interviewer: My ol' lady? 748: Yeah. Well he didn't use that word old lady he just said Katie. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 Somehow # {D: we had folks all that would} my old lady or my old man. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: He didn't do that. Interviewer: A woman who's lost her husband is a? 748: Widow. Interviewer: What if what if what if her husband just ran away? 748: Well if he just ran away well in a way she's {X} we'd call her a grass widow. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Um. # 748: #2 Got a # husband but he ain't here. Interviewer: Yeah. What if uh {NS} now um {NS} um a child would have a name maybe in the family that it's known by. It was its what? 748: Well. Interviewer: That was the child's? {NS} 748: Well um sometimes uh they're named after well they named that child so and so after his grandma. I named that child after his brother or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. But a child that you just a nickna- a kind of a name you'd give a child you'd say that was a what? 748: That's a nickname. Interviewer: Nickname? 748: Just like uh. Interviewer: What did you have one? 748: Yes I had one. Interviewer: What was yours? 748: Well I had a I'll tell you right now we had a I had a grandson they'd name him Wharton but I always called him Benny boy. That's what I call him. Little bit cause I called him Benny boy. {D: I know what he called me I never called me.} And um say all my chillun I always call my chillun or him I'd call him by name. And sometimes call each other, say bud or sis. Oh everybody called him that. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now did you have them things that you could p- put a baby in and you could they had wheels on 'em big ol' wheels #1 on 'em? # 748: #2 Cradles. # Cradles you know we m- we had cradles you know. I had a two way way back yonder without knowing about cradles. They used to make cradles. Get 'em some plank and uh and cut 'em off. {NS} cut 'em {NW} cut 'em to piece {X} and uh nail a plank of all that. And then make a kind of box like that {D: may have been a baby in a scene.} And you rock that baby. {NW} {D: Have a cradle.} Interviewer: #1 Rock my soul in the bosom of Abraham, you remember that? # 748: #2 {X} # Now of course uh they've got these uh other cradles now you know nice {X} {D: but I mean I know well I've seen 'em} homemade when we used to make 'em like where you had an undo make 'em out old time way. Course this is what they call a new day now all of this stuff not going or not wasn't going then when I was a kid. Wasn't going on when I was a kid. Interviewer: What kind of days are they? 748: What's what? Interviewer: What kind of days are those? 748: Older days are today is uh Wedn- no today is Tuesday. Interviewer: No talking about them days the days that goes you say? 748: W- well I'd say uh back in the olden times. Or in my boyhood days something like that. Interviewer: Back in? 748: You know childhood days that's what I'd say. Interviewer: #1 Back in them days? # 748: #2 {X} # Yeah or and sometimes say and then the year woulda done back in them days. And I'd mean my childhood days my boyhood days. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: That's right. Interviewer: Um now those things that you would put the baby in that had big wheels on 'em and you'd have a cowl over and you'd and you could take the baby out #1 and? # 748: #2 Well that's # a wheelchair. Interviewer: A baby what? 748: Well that's was a baby wheelchair I guess. {X} I've seen 'em but I ain't never {D: c- never carried them around.} I did have Interviewer: Now these ones you could lie the baby down in 748: Well uh really they're lying down in a cradle you know. Interviewer: Yeah or these you could take a baby out on the street in these. 748: Well on the street {X} I don't know about that. Interviewer: Baby buggy? 748: Well baby buggy I'd say a baby buggy yeah. Interviewer: And you'd go out and do what you'd go out and uh? 748: Well I'd just {D: indeed} put him in the buggy you know and I'd just go on where I wanted. Interviewer: Say you going out to what? 748: {X} Step in the edge of the store maybe buy something leaving the baby buggy out the baby buggy out there. I'd step in the store here I'd step out there in the yard or something like that. Come back. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} When you were downtown uh was there a kind of a place that people could walk on downtown? in El Dorado? 748: Well. Interviewer: By the stores? 748: By the store. Yeah. Interviewer: What is it? 748: I remember sometimes read about his store now you're talking about streets I reckon. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: What would happen over there way when uh you made it made it have the breakdown on the store the uh stores keep from getting muddy. coming in {X} concrete. Little concrete walks looked like that I can remember that. Interviewer: Something along the uh along the side of the street for people to walk on would be a #1 what? # 748: #2 Well # I've seen folks do this if there's a walkway and and sometime that walkway'd be made outta uh made out of plank. {D: Like for example} {X} {D: get to walk on that.} There's a way to make walkways you know {D: I mean just} could make a walkway out of concrete or anything else. Interviewer: Yeah. Nowadays you just walk on the what? 748: Well uh. Interviewer: When you're downtown. 748: Well walk around on the concrete so out on the on the concrete streets. You don't walk on the ground unless unless you get a wet bone up uptown. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You don't w- # you don't walk on the streets uptown #1 you walk on the # 748: #2 Well I walk on the # {D: on the on the I} mean on the streets or sidewalk. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} now if a woman is about to have a baby you say she's? she's what? 748: Well she's about ready to give birth's all I know. Interviewer: She's she's what she's? 748: Well or she's in labor. She's about to have a baby she's in #1 labor. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # well she's? Say a woman's gonna have a child you'd say she's? 748: Please don't have a child at all? I'd just say well. Interviewer: Well you know she's like seven months? 748: Oh well seven months I'd just say she's pregnant. Interviewer: Mm-kay. W- would would any other woman would women say anything different about you know if they were talking about another woman who had a who's having a baby? 748: Well uh. Interviewer: What if she didn't have a husband? suppose a woman #1 didn't have # 748: #2 Oh well # if she didn't have a husband oh well they'd they'd uh they'd just say she's uh I'd say a whore or something like that you know. Interviewer: Well what would they they say talking about her getting pregnant they'd say she what? 748: Well I'll tell you what folks would say. You know what she you know what so and so {X} way back when. {X} You know so and so's got uh has her leg broke. {X} {NW} That means uh that woman's in in pregnancy. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 Well # she might uh and she got her leg broke {X} I've looked at women {X} {X} but I wouldn't talk about it that woman's in pregnant. And that woman talking to another woman talking to me round what kids folks kids they're well then. Well so and so well that woman's in pregnant now. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {NW} Interviewer: Would they what would they a woman who wasn't married they'd say she what she got she #1 she got? # 748: #2 Well uh # well they would say that same {X} the baby now they would say the same thing about her #1 but # Interviewer: #2 She # 748: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 got herself? # 748: which would be the same things were it necessary but uh she wouldn't be uh uh it wouldn't be by no bastard wouldn't be no bastard kind of child. Interviewer: Yeah. They'd say she got herself knocked? 748: Knocked up. Interviewer: Knocked up? #1 Okay. # 748: #2 That's # {D: that old way they used to that the} another way they used to say. Interviewer: If you didn't have a doctor who would you send for? 748: Well we had midwives. Interviewer: Would any other other names for 'em they called 'em? 748: Uh midwives and uh I'm missing. Interviewer: Gra- 748: Granny. {D: I think granny or something like that.} Interviewer: #1 Granny # 748: #2 They # are no midwives. {X} That way they come in cause {NS} gotta make get a woman. I don't get what they call them women now but they they don't have {D:nine} {X} uh midwife. Interviewer: Yeah. Say a boy say a boy and his father had the same same nose or the same type of features you'd say that boy what? 748: The boy and his father have the same {D: type of features could be} {NS} I wanna tell you what I'd say if s- I look at a boy and his dad looks the same. {D: I've got a more way I'd say I} {X} {NW} He got his vision. {NS} Look just like him. Walk just like, talk just like him. Interviewer: He's the what of his dad the? 748: What's that? Interviewer: He's the what of his dad? He's the? 748: He's um Well he's uh #1 the # Interviewer: #2 He's # said he's sure? Something after his dad #1 uh? # 748: #2 Right here # taking right after that I'd say eh tak- he's sure taking after his daddy. {X} Interviewer: What what now did the boy say if the boy picked up some bad habits the dad did? 748: Well. Interviewer: What would they say? What if what #1 {X} # 748: #2 {X} # Why don't you {D: clean} about that now the way I look at it. The thing that some chillun done do what their mammy and daddy never did do it. Never did do. Some both good and bad. See? Interviewer: Like what? 748: Well. {X} If there's uh first making a settlement and and and and and and {X} Interviewer: If there was a what? 748: I said if there's a first neighbor somebody gonna some some kid your kid {D: uh man have a chaplain always going around} stirring up some personal thing like that. And that mama and papa uh you never did hear that about them he didn't take that after them but they did not have it. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And uh and uh some chilluns have rights and grew up and been good chilluns. but their mother and father weren't what they were. {NW} Uh. May look a little bit strange but you take a half a bowl of this now is chicken. {X} you take some out {X} back in the bible. Some of their best king was from we fall in love. Some of their good kings {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: And another thing uh you hear what chillun doing. you hear what chillun are not doing seen see folks doing thing none you never heard none of their folks has ever done that. Interviewer: #1 You you might say they were # 748: #2 {X} # Take a lesson. Uh my poor father as long as he lived {X} I never did know that man to go to church one time. I went with him little bit kid about like that. All the time never did know my daddy to go to church. But I grew up as a churchman see. Interviewer: Your father? 748: My father wasn't. But I grew up as a churchman. I loved {X} Interviewer: Your mother? 748: Well my mother died you know when I was a baby {D: you know.} {D: But you} tell me she was Christian woman that's all I know, church going. But I was a baby I don't know. Interviewer: But you were raised in the church? 748: What's that? Interviewer: You were raised in the church? 748: Raised in the church? {NS} Well yeah in a way I joined the church when I was about say around about sixteen years old I reckon. And my father never was a member of the church. I joined church when I was about sixteen years old near as I can recollect. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: By the time I got eighteen years old we had {x} they call 'em auxiliaries now. In church or like Sunday school all that catch you know. Well if they made me for a secretary of the summer school. Then they made me a teacher. {X} On I kept and I've been serve as a deacon of the church {X} Interviewer: Now to a child who'd misbehaved you'd say to him if you keep that up I'm gonna give you a good? 748: Well {NW} tell you about that. A child who'd been you'd just say you you do that again you get my uh I don't know maybe I'd say I'll I I'll beat your butt. Something like that I'll give you a good whupping I'll beat your butt I'll be {NW} {NW} {X} I'll beat your ass you know I will beat your butt all like that. The best butt whupping I ever had {NW} was uh I I shortchanged a woman once. Shortchanged her money. Interviewer: How? 748: A little kid about eight nine years old. She sent me to a store to get something. {X} {NW} I might say hang on And shortchange you see. {X} she told me, bring me a {X} {D: I've got her said just said get me} I've got her twenty cents worth, put the nickel in my pocket. {NW} I'd done it now little bitty ol' devil and when I got back home with that stuff she sent me out. This heavy little thing She sent me uh them packages wasn't big enough for the money see. And she called the storekeeper and asked him what he buy and that man told her that's what I bought then the man said well yeah and I gave you some change left I never made my old man gestured to me like and said we well you'd better very go to the store. {NS} Well. That woman {NW} called me up and she pull that thing up and she beat that {X} I mean a good one a good done him all good {X} She whupped {X} back in them days you take a nickel get a nickel or dime of cheese uh cheese and crackers. {NW} A nickel bought saltines and crackers you had a pretty good meal. You can't do that now. {NW} But anyhow uh I'd taken a dime of it and before I got into the house now I hid that dime. when she got through this butt I went and got that dime. Interviewer: You say what ten? 748: What's that? {X} Interviewer: Ten cent? 748: Well uh s- take a ten cent to use it another time that would. {X} Shortchanged her twenty cents and then if a dime of it. and then save another dime t- to save another dime for another time. That's what I was doing you know. {NW} But when she got through with my butt she didn't have {X} I thought I went and got that other dime. {NW} {X} But I said I ain't gonna buy nothing I'm gonna go get that dime and give it to her. {X} I need it. {X} Interviewer: Now a child that's born to an unmarried woman is? 748: Child born to an unmarried woman well I'll tell you what folks called that. What they called 'em now they just call them bastards. Interviewer: Yeah. Did they have any jesting names for 'em? Like uh would they call 'em a volun- volunteer child? 748: Well I don't know about volunteer but I know about that I can't think about no other kind of names used for 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. What about a what about a child that was born to a poor white? #1 {X} # 748: #2 What's that? # Interviewer: Poor white. 748: Poor what? Interviewer: Poor white. 748: Poor white? Interviewer: Would you have a name for a child born to other groups? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Like a child born to a poor white? 748: Yeah. Now you may hear what you mean that you mean to said a child that's born with born it it's got two bloods in it? Interviewer: Yeah or to a poor white per- to poor white folks. 748: Well you #1 just. # Interviewer: #2 Just # poor white woman that's what I'm asking. 748: Well all I know how to say {X} well {X} folks are poor and well you know they're poor cause Poor wo- woman poor old man. Just like that but the biggest thing I notice that. Interviewer: Yeah. They had themselves a what? She had herself a? Buzzard egg? 748: Well Interviewer: {NS} They ever say anything about a wood colt or something like that 748: Wood colt. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {Yeah I've heard that before. I've heard folks {NS} I've heard folks uh say that about uh colt being born to you outta outta wedlock call a wood colt you know like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: The main thing is folks are poor. Interviewer: Yeah. Now your brother's son is called your? your what? 748: {NS} My brother's son. Interviewer: Is called? 748: Well my brother's son is called my nephew. Interviewer: Okay. Now a child that's lost both its parents is? A child that's lost both its parents it's what? 748: A mother I call it just a motherless and fatherless child. So orphan. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 An # orphan child. Interviewer: They have to put 'em in a institution? {NS} 748: Well. Interviewer: That's a what? 748: That's a pinch. Sometimes they're adopted. Sometimes folks take 'em and raise 'em like I wasn't I wasn't opposed to take chillun. Just take chillun and raise 'em I raised some chillun myself {D: you know.} {X} Course they were relatives but I I raised 'em. Cause uh I had a daughter. {NS} Called me yesterday. {NS} And uh as they were saying says uh she had a child. And uh she got we we say knocked up and I said {X} by uh a man. That man never done one thing for that child. Never even did buy a pair of diapers or nothing never did buy {D: soap no didn't do nothing.} Well I raised the child {X} raised her up in my home. She's grown now the kid called me the other day. {X} {X} I had a d- a doctor then you see. See my doctor though. I wanted my granddaughter {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Cause I had the doctor to {NS} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Now um uh an orphan would be looked after by its legal? 748: What's that? Interviewer: An orphan would be looked after by its legal? 748: Uh by its uh well its Interviewer: Guard? 748: Legal uh guardian. Interviewer: Guardian. Um if a woman was gonna have a party and she was inviting all her nephews and 748: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 her # nieces and things like that you'd say she was inviting all her? All the folks? {NS} You'd say uh I'm inviting all my what? #1 We're having a family get together. # 748: #2 {X} # Yeah inviting all my relatives. Interviewer: My relatives all my? 748: All my relatives my my chillun you know. {X} #1 Just having all my relatives. # Interviewer: #2 But do you say # #1 you say # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 around here this is where a lot of your? # 748: #2 {X} # {X} inviting my relatives and friends. Interviewer: Yeah. A lot of your what live here? A lot of your ki- uh. A lot of your people live around here? 748: Say a lot of my lot of my relatives, a lot of friends you know. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Um now yes you'd say she has the family name the same name I do and she looks a lot little bit like me but I'm actually? I'm what I'm? You might say she has the the face and name and she looks alike little like me but she's what she's? She's actually what? 748: Well I'd just. Interviewer: No? 748: I'd just say that uh. Interviewer: No what to him no? 748: Well uh I've seen folks look just alike and I mean I think that that they there wasn't no kin I don't know how. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {X} I've seen folks that uh I thought uh that I uh was talking to folks. Thought I saw one person and well one person it'd be another. Interviewer: Yeah. Now your brother's son. Your brother's son is called? 748: Well my brother's son you know as I said my brother's son is a nephew. Interviewer: Okay. Um Now somebody that came into town and nobody has seen before he's he's a what? 748: Well um if you said nobody had never seen him before? Interviewer: Right. 748: Well I'd just say he's a stranger that's what I would say. Interviewer: Would it make any difference how far he came from? 748: No if he if that you said he come into town and I had never seen him before {X} {X} where he'd come from if I had never seen him before he'd be a stranger to me. Interviewer: Okay what if he came from another country? 748: Well if he come from another country he'd be a stranger still be a stranger. Interviewer: Okay. What's a foreigner would you ever say a foreigner? 748: Yeah foreigner. {D: Yeah I'd say that.} Just like um Interviewer: Foreigner? {C: pronunciation} 748: Just like uh people {X} {X} Interviewer: Would you call me a foreigner? 748: If he wasn't raised around here nothing like that I mean no but at the same time he wasn't a he's a foreigner you know. And uh he wasn't raised up according to this {X} I know about. And his language {X} I didn't know what he was talking about. Interviewer: Yeah would you call me a foreigner? 748: Well uh no I wouldn't call you a foreigner I would. Interviewer: Okay. Now a couple a names uh who wrote the first of the four gospels? 748: Moses. Interviewer: Well it was Mark Luke John and? 748: That's do you mean four gospels? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 Oh well uh # four gospels you said oh that's. Interviewer: What remember that #1 book was? # 748: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: {X} The gospels m- Matthew Mark Luke and John. Interviewer: What was the first? 748: Matthew Mark Luke and John. Interviewer: Okay. 748: They wrote #1 the first. # Interviewer: #2 Now # the mother of Jesus was? 748: Mary. Interviewer: Okay. Now a common name for a girl beginning with M would be what? Mar- Mary or? You know George Washington's wife was named what? 748: Well. Interviewer: Martha? 748: Lotta folks are named after folks you know. Interviewer: Do you know Martha? 748: Martha yeah. Interviewer: Hmm? 748: I guess so uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the sisters in the bible at whose home Jesus stayed was? 748: Mary and Martha. Interviewer: Right. Um now a nickname for a girl beginning with with N remember that old song wait 'til the sun shines? 748: I've heard of it. Interviewer: Nel- Uh. Okay um What relation would my mother's sister my mother's sister be to me? 748: Well she'd be your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if your father had a say uh a brother by the name of William you'd call him? 748: Uncle. Interviewer: What would you call him? 748: I'd just call him Uncle William. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if your father had a brother by the name of John you'd call him? 748: Just say uncle John. Interviewer: Okay. Okay uh. Now um what would you call a man maybe who you might trust to build a something for your house? But you wouldn't trust him to build a you wouldn't trust him to build your house you might trust him to build your chicken coop or something like that. He'd be a what? 748: Well. Interviewer: Well what about okay. 748: {X} Wanna know uh a man's gift If he knowed how to build a house it's all right if he didn't don't get him. If he knowed how to go out there and and and build a fence around my place you see. Interviewer: #1 Or it gets? # 748: #2 {X} # Some folk could build a fence couldn't build a house. Interviewer: {NS} What about a preacher who didn't have a regular pulpit? They'd say he was just a what kind of preacher? 748: Well I'll tell you. I we'd just say he's a local preacher. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. #1 He didn't # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: didn't have a regular pulpit he'd be a what a j- uh? 748: Well all I'd know we'd just say a local preacher or something like that but and uh heavy preacher can't have a pull {X} I mean uh just a little house {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Biggest pulpit he's got is that is that pulpit {X} that he carry on and everybody could see it. That's the biggest pulpit he's got. {X} {X} pastor he's a pastor. But uh he ain't no pastor he's just a local preacher. {X} Interviewer: Um well wh- now a a fella who who uh who he's not very good at preaching you'd call him a? Say he wasn't very good at preaching. 748: Hmm. Interviewer: Call him a what kind of preacher? 748: {X} I'd call him jacklegged. Interviewer: Jackleg? 748: {NW} {X} Interviewer: Okay. Or a mechanic who couldn't do your car very well he'd be a what kind of #1 mechanic? # 748: #2 {X} # call him a. Interviewer: {X} 748: {X} mechanic. Interviewer: #1 A jackleg mechanic? # 748: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. Would you talk about a jackleg governor or jackleg lawyer? 748: {NW} If you don't think he done any good then I guess you could call him that. Interviewer: What about a doctor that that wasn't a good doctor what would you call him? 748: Well. {NS} Well I guess the same way if he is that way course now I would know doctors that Well that I'd call good doctor and some I did I didn't think that he was. Just like um. Interviewer: So you called him a what? 748: Mm well I'd just call him a I don't know wha- I don't know what to call him. Interviewer: A jack? 748: Yeah I wouldn't call him a jack though of course I don't know what I'd call him. Interviewer: Okay. Um now what do you call the man who's in charge of a ship? 748: The pilot? Interviewer: Okay. Now uh wait a minute. Um a fella who's in charge of a army is a what? 748: He's a captain. Interviewer: Okay. Higher than a captain would be a what? You know the fella who invented Kentucky fried chicken? 748: Yeah he's a captain why? He's over. Interviewer: Who's the fella who invented Kentucky fried chicken? 748: {X} Interviewer: Colonel? 748: I I forget Interviewer: Sanders? 748: Yeah I think so. Interviewer: What was he he was a col- You know what a colonel was? What was a colonel? 748: Well I just don't know. Interviewer: Okay. And then higher than him would be a what? 748: You mean a c- {X} 748: And I said if you need to kinda know everything their mothers are just his I reckon just say his father's I reckon. Interviewer: And then higher than a colonel would be a? Ge- uh talking about ol' Robert E. Lee they'd talk about him as a what? 748: Well they'd talk about him being a mighty man you know the biggest thing I know he'd say I don't know all that bout bout history he'd know a whole lot you know. Interviewer: Yeah? Somebody like old George Patton or Eisenhower he was a what? Before he was president he was what? 748: Well now Interviewer: They called him? Gen-? 748: General Eisenhower. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: We. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um now uh anybody born in America is what? 748: Well if you're born in America he's an a an American you see. If he's born here. If he's not born here he he's not been coming here any other way he he just have to be uh naturalized. That's how he becomes a citizen of America by going they keep coming. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: But if he's born here he's an American. Even if though he was uh born of uh uh of of another race. Okay? {C: very quiet} Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Take the Mexican now. Interviewer: {D: From yours or mine.} 748: Take the Mexicans now a Mexican man and woman come here in in America and and make their home they have a child that was born it'd be a born American here he'd be a Mexican. Interviewer: Yeah. Huh. Um well now we talked about names what would you call the man you work for? 748: What did I call the man I worked for? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well I'll tell you what I always called I just said mister. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Mister so-and-so Mister Jones Mister whatever your name. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you ever would you ever kind of give him a general term or name would you ever call him captain or anything like that? 748: Well uh Interviewer: When you worked #1 {D: for him?} # 748: #2 {D: Comparatively speaking no I didn't do that.} # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # You'd just uh just call 'em just call 'em by their name I never did call them captain. Interviewer: Okay. What about a person who lived way back in the country somewhere and then never got into town uh and he didn't know much about town ways and when he came into town folks would say gosh he's a mighty? You know he always had a maybe he had a long beard or something like that. He smelled bad. Folks would say he was a what kind of fella? Well we'd just say uh. Talking about where he lived and things? 748: The biggest thing about all I know just an old country an old country man I don't know nothing else to say now. Or an old country woman I don't know about that. I wouldn't try to say it. Interviewer: Did you ever know people like that when you were younger? 748: What's that? Interviewer: D- Were there a lot of people like that when you were younger? 748: That's right. People lived way back in the country and they'd come to town or come out in in in the public you know people come out in the public. And uh they just they close I know people that you didn't ever see 'em unless you met 'em in town I know people never come out of church unless you give a big a big big eating a big feast or something like that. Everything about to eat. Interviewer: Yeah. And they were what? 748: Well uh. Interviewer: Did you ever hear 'em called uh what about folks who lived up in the hills? 748: Well folks uh folks we used to call them hillbillies. Interviewer: Yeah? And somebody lived out in the swamp somewhere? 748: Well I guess I guess I'd call them the same thing I believe. {NW} Swampbillies. Interviewer: Yeah? And maybe people who uh you ever hear the term a hoosier? You ever hear anybody talk about a hoosier? 748: Uh mm okay a person's name? Interviewer: No okay never never heard of that? Um alright. Well uh tell me about let me just a few more questions and I'll call it for today. Uh tell me about the things that you when you went into town what did you do? Go into town for what? 748: Well when I went into town said take now. When I go to town I ain't like I was when I was a young when I used just go there in those days and look around. Now if I go to town if I whatever I go for I don't want to buy that thing and gets them up and then afterwards I'm ready to go home. {C: Clock chiming} Whatever it is. {C: Clock chiming} When I go to town. I have seen times when I went to town you know when I was a kid really. I said I was gonna go to town {X} {NS} but after I got up and I broke down to do my little trade pick up buy what I want and tell 'em I'm in business I'm ready to go home. Interviewer: Yeah? And you'd you'd say you were doing? Uh did you ever go to the go anywhere to see anything in town? 748: Go where? Interviewer: Would you ever go into town to see anything? 748: Well that's right I have went to see things I went to the fairs I went to a few shows in my life and I must've seen a few exhibitions and other excitements I would see. Interviewer: Where would you go see a show? 748: Well just to see something I hadn't seen before is all I know. Interviewer: Where would you go? 748: Well I'll tell you about the show now where I went. I didn't I don't I don't have a number ten the side show you know they just had shows come here. You'd just have {X} and I've known folks took the longest road and go there and stare at the shows down there oh it'll call the sideshows you know its all the show and like and uh and like when a big show gonna be a big fancy ending. Anyway that's the difference between a big show and a side show besides that I just go to town to see what see the show. Interviewer: Do you ever go to the movie? 748: Quite a few I've been to a few movies yeah that's right. Interviewer: What do you now who's in a movie? The man he's a what? He's a actor? 748: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 And the # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and the woman is a what? 748: Well I guess you might say a movie star I guess. Interviewer: Do you ever watch TV? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay the woman on TV is a what? She's a act-? 748: Actor. Interviewer: Actress? 748: Yeah. {C: Whispered} Actress. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd go to see a movie you'd go to the what? Th- 748: Well if I go to a movie I go to theater. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Okay. Well that's all for today if you can get do you think you can give me some time tomorrow? 748: Well I think so maybe I don't know what don't know what things are going uh my sister may be here but I I can give you a little time I think. Interviewer: Okay well we can finish up in say an hour tomorrow and I can I'd like to give you some money for what you've been doing. 748: Okay well there. Interviewer: I appreciate it very much. 748: Yeah. Interviewer: It's been very good of you to do it. What kind of day is #1 it today? # 748: #2 Yeah because # I've You know what I'm saying if you hadn't been here I'd have sure been doing something. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: What kind of day we got? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Oh it's beautiful day in a way but that old man out there that man yonder says its gonna rain. {NW} Yeah but I'd be like. {X} Interviewer: Yeah? 748: #1 But I thought # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 748: I just thought I'd buy a pack of {X} and then I bought some too cause I know that was gonna be a long Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 time. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: How you feeling today? 748: Well I'm feeling very well thank the lord. Looks like you feeling alright. Interviewer: Huh? I said look like you feeling alright. 748: Yeah? I think I'm gonna go home today. Where is your home? Interviewer: Georgia. 748: In Georgia. I do say. In Georgia. Interviewer: You know where the capital of the country is? 748: Where? Interviewer: Have you ever been to the capital of the nation? I was up there. 748: I know its Washington D.C. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: No I never been to Washington D.C. I've been in the state of Washington but I've never been to Wash Seattle Washington's the only place I've been. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: In Wash-. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 The only place I've been is Seattle. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: Well do you know about any of the other uh any of the other uh states around here like the biggest city the biggest city in the nation is in what state? 748: Well the biggest city. Interviewer: Is? 748: In the nation I believe is in New York I believe. Interviewer: Okay and that state is what? 748: New York New York. It's the state of New York. Interviewer: That's right. You know that state where they grow uh a lot of oranges? 748: Well uh in uh well they don't grow 'em in Georgia they grow 'em in uh don't grow 'em in. Interviewer: Do you know any of the other states on the gulf? 748: No sir. Interviewer: They grow 'em in Flori-? 748: Flo-? Interviewer: Florida. 748: I don't know about Florida I I never been to Florida. But I don't know about it. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Never been there. Interviewer: Now Tulsa is in what state? 748: Well Tulsa Tulsa Tulsa's in Oklahoma I think. Interviewer: And uh Boston is in? 748: Massachusetts I think. Interviewer: Right. They call all them states up there from Maine to Connecticut the New? New Eng-? New Englands? 748: Yeah New England. Interviewer: Huh? 748: I never been to New England. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. 748: And I never studied geography enough to things like. Keep up with to know I've read things and looked on maps and things. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And totally I I'm just I'm less than a fourth grade student's schooling. Interviewer: Yeah? Well you said you went up to Detroit. Now there's a big city. 748: Oh the big city I been to Detroit. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah? There's a big city uh along the c- uh in Illinois its on the river they call that? Chi-? Ole Al Capone used to run the rackets there? 748: I guess so I don't know. Interviewer: Chica- 748: I just don't know about that. Interviewer: You ever heard of Chicago? 748: Yeah I've heard of it. Interviewer: What? 748: Say I've heard of it. Interviewer: What you've heard of? #1 You never heard. # 748: #2 {X} # You mean photographer? Interviewer: Chicag-. Chicago. 748: Oh Chicago? Well I've been through Chicago too yeah I've been through Chicago yeah. Chicago Illinois yeah I've been through there. Interviewer: Yeah? Okay you ever been to Alabama? In the south? #1 Never been there? # 748: #2 No sir never have been. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Interviewer: Okay now the big the biggest city in Georgia is? You know what that is? The one I'm from? 748: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Atla-? # 748: Biggest city in Georgia. Interviewer: Atlanta? 748: I guess so Atlanta I yeah Atlanta yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I know I read that in there. Interviewer: You know where they run the derby at? 748: Derby? Interviewer: The Kentucky Derby? Or do you know where they play where do the Redlegs play baseball? You ever heard of that? 748: I've heard of it but I can't think where it was. Interviewer: The Redlegs from the Cinc- 748: No I just can't think of where its Cincinnati I believe. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh Yeah? Uh do you do you go into town much or that sort of thing? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Do you go into town much? 748: I go in pretty often pretty often not like I used to but I go pretty often. #1 I usually # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # 748: go back at least once or twice a week. Interviewer: {NW} That wind is. 748: {D: You betcha ass} that wind. Interviewer: Wind is what? 748: You said wind is what? Interviewer: You might say the wind is doing what? 748: Blowing. Its all I know to say. Interviewer: Yeah. But it wasn't bad this morning it's. 748: No sir it's not bad. #1 Moderate # Interviewer: #2 It's doing what? # 748: small light wind blowing. Interviewer: Yeah. Well when you go into town you might see somebody on the street how would you greet 'em gimme some of the different ways you might greet 'em? 748: Well I {NW} I might greet 'em. Well I'll tell you. Some of 'em I greet 'em with a with a nice handshake. With a smile a friendly smile and all {D: everyone's trying to be.} Don't meet 'em with a frown but meet 'em with a smile. Let 'em know I'm proud to meet 'em. {D: That's how I'll be close} Gotta be close. Loving man. Friendly with a friendly disposition shown my that's my own makeup to do that. Interviewer: Yeah? Yeah? What might you say to a friend? 748: What's that? Interviewer: What might you say to a friend when you hadn't seen 'em in a long time? 748: Well if I hadn't seen 'em go hey I ain't seen you in a long time where you been I'm sure glad to see you that's what I'd do. Interviewer: {X} Awful? Awful proud to see you? 748: Oh I yeah its a surprise its a surprise but but I usually just say I'm so glad to see you. I wasn't expecting to see you here. {NW} Interviewer: Um. If somebody's waiting for you to get ready say somebody came to your house say your son came to your house and he was waiting for you to get ready to go into town he'd yell out to you he'd say hey will you be ready soon? And you'd yell back? 748: Well I'll tell you what Interviewer: I'll be with you in? 748: {NW} I said just quick as I can that's the way I'd say just quick as I can. Or a few minutes. Interviewer: Would you say #1 {X} # 748: #2 Sometime # sometimes I'd say well just as soon as I get so-and-so or my hat on. My coat on or something like that I'm ready. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: And so that's about where that goes. Interviewer: Would you ever say just a minute? 748: What's that? Interviewer: I'll be with you in? 748: Well that's right be there in just a minute or a few minutes sometimes I say a few minutes. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Cause uh sometimes I know what uh takes me to get ready take me more than one minute to get ready. Interviewer: Yeah? When you wanted to agree with a friend say a friend of yours is said uh I'm not gonna do that. And if you were gonna agree with him you might say well me? 748: Well If I don't agree with him I just I'd just tell him basically I'd say well I see it just like you see it. Interviewer: Me? 748: You're right. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: That's the way I'd handle it And if I disagree with him and I don't see it I'd say well I just don't see it that way. Interviewer: {NW} 748: Just don't see it that way. Interviewer: Say yeah talking about maybe uh {NW} he wasn't gonna do something? Say he wasn't gonna do something somebody else would do something or or he wa- he thought something was again and you might say me? 748: Well yes see I've asked people to do something he says no I won't do that. And um sometimes they tell me reading what why sometimes some other some other color or some other in the way. Some {X} you know before they explain to him it's a lot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 748: Sometimes they explain it sometimes they don't. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Say that I just can't do that now. Interviewer: Say somebody asked you and me to do something. What would we say to him? If if I didn't want to do it and you didn't want to do it I I'd say well I'm not gonna do that and you might say me? 748: Uh I'd just say me either If I didn't want to do it neither I'd just say me either. Interviewer: Me neither? 748: I'd say me either. Interviewer: Yeah? Okay. Would you ever say neither? 748: How's that? Interviewer: Neither? #1 Neither am I? # 748: #2 Oh neither I. # Yeah neither and neither and me neither. Interviewer: Me neither okay. Now uh how do you how do you check how do you check yourself when you think you might have a little fever or something? 748: Well I'll tell you when I think I might have a little fever the first thing I'd do uh well I'd call it checking myself. All I know is that I just feel my hand you know. Like that Interviewer: What do you feel? 748: Well you feel my forehead Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Or my pulse or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah? Um now you might go to the to the barber and or if you haven't shaved in a while you might be growing a? 748: Well if I go to the barber shop to do that I'd say well I come to get a shave. Interviewer: Yeah? And he'll? 748: #1 Well if he # Interviewer: #2 If you hadn't shaved # in a while you might be growing a what? 748: Well be growing a long beard. Interviewer: Yeah? Did some folks have them back in your days? 748: I can't remember way back yonder but they do now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 748: {NW} Men grow 'em out now all that hair on their face my goodness alive. Men they'd done that way back yonder way back yonder. But they don't do that now. Some of 'em now just look like they want look like some of the men want a turn to be women or something but I don't know what they have on their head and all like that. Course that's them not me you know I wouldn't do it past them. Its them but they can do what they wanna do to theirselves. But I wouldn't do that I'm gonna cut them ha-ha-hair off and shave these beards off. You see cause I don't wanna look like no uh a woman she's supposed to have hair on her cause that's covered that's covered head you know. That's the hair on the head. Interviewer: She's not supposed to have a beard though. {NW} 748: What's that? No she ain't supposed to have a beard. Interviewer: {NW} 748: Not a beard just just hair on the head that she's supposed to have that covered. Don't cut it off. Samson I believe it was. Wife kept {X} till he cut his hair. {C: Clock chiming} he had really long hair. {C: Clock chiming} {C: Clock chiming} But that was a present of God. When he cut that hair off you see. {NW} You know you can't say that hymn at the end from {X} was the will of God. But he should've kept that hair on then. The only man that I know that the Bible boasts that hair on his head. And uh kept fooling around fooling around well till he cut it off. Well he cut it off because he was afraid to do it. He didn't do it cause he wanted to do it. He's done it because he was asked and just kept on being begged and begged and wouldn't wouldn't wouldn't do it. Why he cut it off Interviewer: Mm. Where would uh an old-time storekeeper keep his pencil? If he wasn't using it where it it could be handy? 748: Well I'll tell you to keep it handy the old-time store people there are two ways to keep it uh some of 'em kept it right in the pocket where it gets quick and some of 'em kept it behind the ear. Interviewer: Where? What you? 748: I'd say behind the ear. Interviewer: If he was right-handed he'd keep it behind his? 748: Well he'd keep it behind his right ear. But if he's left handed he'd keep it to the left. Interviewer: Be behind his what? 748: Left left ear if he were left-handed he'd keep it behind his left ear. Interviewer: Um. Now you tie a tie around your? 748: Neck. Interviewer: Yeah. What do they call this here? 748: Well uh you mean you mean a necktie all I know is just say. Interviewer: What do you call this thing that goes up and down? 748: Go up and down? Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well I might say that's a uh say undershirt is all I know. Interviewer: Your undershirt? 748: Mm. That's all I know to say. Interviewer: Well you know this part of your what is this here this is your? You swallow through your 748: Oh oh your throat. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: In your throat you know. Swallow through your throat. Where you swallow. And you swallow. {NW} You know some people you can look at 'em and tell when they swallow something and some people just swallow just so you so that in looking at 'em in case you with some people you know they folks will make a ton of uh you see it look like {X} and some people you can't even tell it. Interviewer: You know what your goozle is? 748: How's that? Interviewer: What's your goozle? 748: {D: Goodle?} Interviewer: Goozle. 748: Oh oh yeah goozle oh yeah. I'd just call that goozle. Uh. Well that's uh that'd be back I don't know what the what I've heard it though yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh when you go to the dentist uh he he might say this around your gums you're not taking good care of your what? 748: Take uh taking good care of your teeth. And um. Interviewer: And your what? 748: Your teeth. Interviewer: And what's the skin around the teeth? The flesh around the teeth is what? 748: Gums. Interviewer: Yeah. He might say you're not taking good care of your? 748: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: You still got your teeth don't you Mister? {B} 748: I got some of 'em these bottom ones I got {NW} {D: hog teeth in the house.} Interviewer: Yeah? Got some store-bought ones too? {NW} 748: Yeah that's right got some store-bought ones too {X} and now we've got some store-bought ones. {D: will guard their local} Interviewer: Yeah? 748: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 748: {NW} That's it. Just like I know my brother my brother went around for me he wept on here {D: took a loss.} He was going around I asked about uh c'mon c'mon gimme some teeth. You always gonna give me some teeth. Yeah in the Bible in the Bible that's what they'd say to me yeah go out done give it to me but you I said you just wanna go get 'em. But to go out he's a little bird but he don't put that in the nest. I'd say that uh God done gave you some teeth been here to make 'em. People know oh you just wanna go get 'em. Interviewer: Now a baby bird might be so small you could hold it in the? 748: I'm gonna hold it in my hand. Interviewer: In the in the what of your #1 hand? # 748: #2 In the # palm of my hand. Interviewer: {D: palm} of your hand? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Now you uh when you get mad you might make a? 748: Well if I get mad sometimes I'll get mad enough uh I would if something well I'll just tell you right here. Course I never have had a fight. I don't fight. At least I I don't say I wouldn't. Interviewer: You you've never? 748: I don't I don't fight Interviewer: Have you ever? 748: Well well yes I've I I have made an effort to fight. Cause I tell you what. Interviewer: You fight him? 748: A man messed with me once made me mad and first thing I done I jerked my collar up and {X} and said oh I'm ready to go here and then he was laying. Interviewer: In other words you doubled your hand up in a? 748: Why sure that's right he uh object {X} no I'm ready to go in. Interviewer: You made a what? 748: Well I made a effort to hit him if he wanted to if if you wanna hit back. Interviewer: With your hand you made a? 748: My with my hand. That's uh that. Interviewer: You made a what? 748: A-all I know is just just throw it back and make and. Interviewer: Double it up into a? 748: An-an-and double up my elbow made a made a effort. Interviewer: Fi- into a? 748: In my fist. You might say my fist. Interviewer: You made two? 748: Well uh. Interviewer: With your hands you made you doubled up both? 748: No I I didn't double up both that time I just doubled up my right hand. Interviewer: Yeah you didn't make two? 748: No. Interviewer: Okay. Now you might double up your hands and make two? 748: Well if I doubled my hand up I'd think to use the choke. Interviewer: Two what? 748: Two fists. Two fists. Interviewer: You know any place where you move or bend is a what? 748: Well said my elbow and you know you know in my knees. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: My back. Interviewer: Folks might be getting a little stiff in their? 748: Well if I'm getting a little stiff in my back you know I just. {NW} Interviewer: What is that disease that causes you to get a little stiff in your? 748: Well sometime it say the rheumatism or arthritis way to call it. Way back down folks call {D: didn't fall.} Interviewer: That makes you stiff where? 748: Arthritis you know where it {NW} it'll make you stiff in your back. Interviewer: Any place you move you'd say it makes you stiff in your? 748: Well I'll say oh in my elbow #1 my elbow's stiff. # Interviewer: #2 In your jo-? # #1 Yeah you. # 748: #2 My joints. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # Yeah. Interviewer: Um. Now the upper part of a man's body is his? 748: Chest it's his chest. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um you have left you have two? 748: Two hands. Interviewer: And two? 748: Two feet. Interviewer: One? 748: The walk on the one to the #1 feet. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # And you put one? 748: Before the other and then I'm gonna walk. Interviewer: One? 748: One b- one before the other? Interviewer: One one foot? 748: One foot before the other. Interviewer: Before the other. Uh now if you get a pain I mean if you say stumble in the dark you might stumble and bruise your? Bruise this? What is this? 748: Well oh I hurt my knee. Interviewer: Yeah but you hurt just here? #1 It hurts your? # 748: #2 On my leg. # Interviewer: What bone? 748: Well my leg. Interviewer: No what is it? Do you know what they call this right here? 748: Well uh call it just said leg bone is all I know I know what to call it #1 thigh. # Interviewer: #2 Shin? # 748: I know what to call your thigh. Your thigh's called this up here. Interviewer: Uh huh. Now if the ground was too cold say there was snow on the ground and it was too too cold to sit you'd have to do what you'd say? 748: Well I'd squat down and when you sit down just squat down or stoop down. Interviewer: On your what? 748: Well stoop down on my on my knees like. Interviewer: Yeah what if you were doing this you'd say you did what you? 748: Well if I got on my knees I'd just #1 I? # Interviewer: #2 down on my knees. # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # I kne- I what I kne-? 748: And uh Interviewer: What would you say you're doing? I kne-? 748: Well I I well I'll tell you I'm biggest thing I'm talking about my knees. Sometimes get down on my knees to do some work. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: You see some work maybe I just don't want to stand up and do it if I can't stand up and do something I get on my knees and do it cause I'll be down low to it. And the next thing I get down on my knees is to pray. Interviewer: Okay. A child went down a child uh wanted to pray so he went over to the side of the bed and? 748: Went on the side of the bed and knelt by the side of the bed. Interviewer: Um. Well talking about the back of your legs there you'd call them your what your hun-? 748: Well uh {NW} just say I'd call it uh my thighs is all I know. {NS} Just say my thigh. Interviewer: Yeah? Would would you ever {NW} would you ever talk about your haunches or anything? 748: Your what? Interviewer: Your haunches? 748: You mean? Interviewer: No. You know what your haunches are? Do you ever hear anybody talk about hunkering down? 748: I've heard. But I never I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: I don't know what that means. Interviewer: Yeah. Now if B.T. even if you had seen somebody say you saw somebody that had been sick a while and he was up now but you'd say he still looked a little what? 748: Well if I go to see somebody and they're sick haven't seen 'em in a good while and they see me too I'd go oh you look better you look better today. You look better. And uh I hardly talk when he don't look well. {NW} How long does it take? Cause you look about you say you sure is looking better. I'm glad to see you looking better. Interviewer: But you might say to a friend he's still looking a bit? A bit what a bit? 748: Better or bit better is all I got you know. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 But I wouldn't # I I don't wanna tell nobody you're looking bad. Interviewer: What would you say about maybe a person now a person who uh had been sick a while and they're up now. But you might say they're still feeling a bit what? 748: Well I'm glad to see you're able to be up. Interviewer: Okay well y-you may have been sick a while say. And you're up now but you still feel a bit what? 748: Well I y-you're up and you should feel better that's what I say. Interviewer: You might well you're up now but you might feel a little bit you're still a bit what? You're not quite well? 748: Well I just say well you're not well but you're doing well. Interviewer: You're still looking a little what? 748: Well you look a look a little bit better. Interviewer: Yeah. But talking about if they look sick you'd say they looked a little what? 748: Well. Interviewer: She's not #1 well. # 748: #2 I'd just say it like that # well you don't look looks like you're not doing well today that's the way I'd say it. Interviewer: You look like you're doing kinda what? Kinda? 748: Look like you're just look like you're not doing as well as you ought to. You don't look as well. Interviewer: Yeah. As well as you ought to be? 748: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you ever say somebody looks sickly or puny or? 748: Sure sure. I've seen folks out there I'd say well uh you don't look so well today. They would just look puny you know. Just like uh I remember one of our pastors on Communion day and I kept a looking at him and looking at him and I says to him right there {X} I say you look like you're not feeling well. But he wasn't feeling well. I said I got you something and then poor lesson had his son there in the mor- in the day. And about ten o'clock uh before that time I got the message that he's dead. See? Well I'd say well I don't think he looked bad. He looked funny Interviewer: Yeah. Now somebody who has a good disposition you'd say they were a what type of person? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Somebody who has a good disposition you'd say they were what type of person? 748: Well a good disposition I'd say well that sure is a friendly acting party person. Interviewer: He always had a smile on his #1 face. # 748: #2 Yeah # that's right. Always with a smile a good meet you with a smile. Interviewer: Good what? 748: Well with a good smile there was different than a smile and a grin you know. {NW} Interviewer: Uh. {NW} 748: {NW} There's a difference between a smile and a grin you know. Interviewer: Oh I'll keep that I'll keep a watch out for that now. Uh you'd say he's always in a good what? 748: In good humor. Interviewer: Good humor. A boy who was say always arms and legs and he was knocking over things what would you say about him? 748: Well I'd say he was mischievous. Interviewer: Okay. What about a boy who was just he didn't mean to do it he was just what? 748: Well I'd just. Interviewer: He was big and tall say and he was gangly or? Anything? 748: Mm well {NW} you didn't mean it but if when you mean it I'd say well he done so-and-so without even bringing him in. Interviewer: He's just what? 748: I just don't bring him in. That's all I know. Interviewer: He's just a what kind of person? 748: Well he's just a he's kind of a all I'd say he's just a kind of a funny acting person is all I know to say. Funny ways. Interviewer: But he didn't mean it? 748: Yeah but he didn't mean it I and I I said do something uh I've seen folks do things and I tell you what I've seen folks do things cause somebody else did it they didn't mean to do it it's done because somebody else is doing it. Keep that because they're saying something about it. Or the other folks will. Around folks uh folks around. Just like I've seen folks I've had folk come up and shake my hand. {NW} Well uh they didn't mean to do it. I I've made disposition I could tell they didn't do it for me within in here but just did it for an hour show. Just like I told you about that picture let me tell you about the picture of that thing up there on the wall. And another thing about it when I went to that uh reunion that school reunion handshakes. Back pats. And all like that. Well some of them folks meant it and some don't because others don't. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: They didn't mean it but they done it cause of {NW} they done get caught up they didn't and then the rural rule if a fellow goes up to shake your hand if he mean it there's a feeling. That uh goes with it so that you know that this is from here in here. Like if you just shake your hand you know {NW} pull bar. Torture. {NW} Interviewer: Uh you know somebod- some people uh won't ever spend any of their money. Won't give their money to anybody or anything. 748: Well I'd just call that uh well I'd call it stingy. I'm talking about needs that's what I'm talking about. Somebody needs some and you got some and won't give it to 'em they're stingy. You have to need it so uh {NW} And I'll be that it's just a way when you see a person in need in need of a dollar just make it that way. And you put your hand in your pocket and give him {NW} you give it good cause you feel like that person needs that dollar. But if I'd walk up and hand well here here's a dollar just hand just hand it and you see? And don't see no common needs no common distress or nothing like that. That's just a a gift to be given some. Without uh a sort of spiritual meaning. Just a gift to be giving someone. Interviewer: What would you call a man who never {NW} never gave any money to anybody? 748: Well as I said a while ago I'd just call him stingy. That's all I know to say is stin- too stingy to do that. Interviewer: Yeah. He is just a regular? 748: Well he. Interviewer: A regular? 748: Well uh vaguely just a {X} is all I know you see. Interviewer: What would you he'd say he's what with his money he's mighty? 748: Well he's just too stingy to spend his money for his own good that's all I know. Interviewer: Tight? 748: Yeah tight yeah. {X} Tight. Interviewer: Would you ever say anything maybe about being a tight or? 748: Yeah I would I would say {X} I've said that and heard folks said it about he sure is tight. You know what what they mean by it yeah he not getting a {D: dime} {NW} hard to get a thing out of. Interviewer: And a person who could get money out of other people? 748: Well now I've heard who can get money out of other people there's two ways to go about that. They must first show that person that they're asking for money that there isn't a tight I need that money to help 'em just like uh just like that poor {X} you see coming the other day. Every once in a while it comes pop out just wanted to pop it in there. But I know his condition. See? I know his condition and I need to just give it to him. I know he need I know I know his condition. Just like uh we have what we call a chair get pointed out at church. And uh I handled it a while and I tried not to be partial with it. Not to give it to Tom {X} No matter what they say. And if Tom were then I'd give him nothing. Give him the bowl. I tried not to you know. {X} Interviewer: Uh what would you say when you when you use the word common about a person what would that mean? 748: What's that? Interviewer: Common. 748: Common? Well {NW} I just mean that uh that person is uh he's just common and he just don't know about just don't know about. That's just his makeup. He don't know about. Just don't know about it. Interviewer: A girl if you said a girl was very common what would that mean? 748: Well if she was very common why she just a girl that that was just uh was um. In other words she just went about and had her way and then she didn't look like she'd take a care for nothing just for herself. Interviewer: Yeah? Now an old person maybe say somebody like yourself they'd say you're a mighty what kind of fella? 748: Well {NW} as a rude? Interviewer: Talking about the way you get around 748: A-a-as a rude? Uh they'd say well you sure do get around well for your age. Sure get around well for your age. Or condition. Interviewer: You're still a right? 748: And sometimes I'd say this I've wished I could do that you know have a if I live to get as old as you do. Interviewer: When you were young did you get around a lot? 748: Oh yes sir I I used to ride. I'm gonna tell you a secret. {NW} When I was {NW} when I was young why I was always ready to go places to first to churches and the highest places I never did go to these dances and things like that I didn't I didn't follow that up. But these nice uh exercise social and things like that I always worked {X} to go there and I was the only one to go around among the folks when I meet a big crowd of folks at churches and go around shake hands and just you know I'm glad to see you I'm glad to see you and all like that and showing 'em I'm glad to be with you. Glad to see you here. Interviewer: You were quite? Quite uh what quite? 748: Well. {NW} Interviewer: When you were younger you were quite? 748: Well now I was young might say I was quite friendly that's all I know. Just quite friendly. Interviewer: Nowadays you still get around you're still active #1 You'd say you're # 748: #2 Well # Interviewer: a pretty what #1 kind of fella? # 748: #2 Well # when I get around or not I'd say well I'm not can't get around like I used to. Interviewer: #1 But I'm still? # 748: #2 Way I usually say it # well I say yeah but I thank God that uh I can get around as well as I am. Sometime I go for a lift sometime I say this. I said then uh I see folks that's older than I am. Haven't been to a or maybe haven't been through what I have been through he's in a worser shape than I am. Interviewer: Now say your children were out a little later than usual you felt a little what you'd say you felt? 748: Well I'll tell you two seconds about that sometimes I I I feel a little bad or whatever Sometimes I My mind would go to wondering and wondering wondering how come so-and-so ain't come home. Interviewer: You'd feel a little you wouldn't say you felt easy about it? 748: No I wouldn't say it I know I'd say I went on a little uneasy I have said that. I'm uneasy about so-and-so I don't know what could've happened. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I I haven't seen 'em. Interviewer: Um uh now somebody might say uh talking about uh talking about being afraid you might say I don't understand why she's afraid or he's afraid I can't understand why they're afraid because they they what they? 748: Well uh because they act funny. Yeah. #1 They act funny # Interviewer: #2 What? # 748: and I'm not gonna bother 'em I don't coming around look like they're afraid of me They're so they're afraid to do this afraid to do that. Interviewer: Yeah? And why is it they're afraid? They? Talking about back? 748: Sometimes sometimes Interviewer: Before now they #1 what? # 748: #2 sometime # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # sometimes its a misunderstanding. Interviewer: Well the opposite of used to be 748: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: You'd say? Talking about they'd I can't understand why they're afraid because they? 748: Yeah j-just like I got a daughter-in-law when she first married she'd come to my house often often. And she was as friendly as she could be. We'd have receptions and I wouldn't know what to bring bring bring along food and we'd have kind of a little get-together. And all at once she quit for some cause I don't know why. Today I don't know why I've even asked her why. Because I wanted to still more than I and I went forward up to her if there's anything th-that I've ever said or done that you ever knowed or heard that I have ever said or done that caused you to act that forgive me I I told that I told her that. I said I want to see that same {X} that used to exist and I just wonder why because. Just why. Interviewer: Yeah. Well what's the opposite? The opposite of used to be? Talking about somebody uh being scared. You might say I can't understand why they're scared now they? 748: Well they used to be Interviewer: They no. 748: brave they used to be brave. Interviewer: They'd you'd say they what talking about they about they about about about being scared they did? 748: Well uh. Interviewer: They didn't? 748: Well I'd just say things they used to I see they don't do it now. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: Just like uh. Interviewer: They didn't used to be or? 748: Yeah didn't used to be they. Interviewer: Used not to be or? 748: Yeah. Yeah they used to didn't do so much but they do it now. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: See? And there's two things about that. I've said this about some folks. They used to didn't didn't write. Try to do something but I see they're doing better now. They ain't doing like they used to be they acting more friendly more lovely. And uh act and meet people in a more intelligent way. And uh nothing sweet. Interviewer: Now a person who left the house and left a lot of money on the table would be a? You'd say they were a what kind of person? 748: Well a person left the house and left a lot of money I'd just say they're careless. Interviewer: And uh what would you call a person maybe who did things that folks couldn't figure out. They might say they acted the kind of what? 748: Well they acted sort of suspicious to me. That's all I know. Interviewer: Just a little bit? 748: Suspicious or off. Interviewer: Peculiar? 748: Yeah uh peculiar either one #1 works. # Interviewer: #2 Or odd? # Would you ever say that? 748: Uh either one yeah either one of them words. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Anything else # you might use? Would you use anything else? Would you ever say queer? 748: Queer. Well uh I guess I don't know I don't know what that means. When you say that. Interviewer: You don't? 748: I don't know what you mean by that. Interviewer: You never heard about anybody talking about being queer? 748: I've heard folks talk about being queer but what they meant by it I didn't know. Interviewer: A person who who made his mind up and he would never change it folks would say to him they'd say why don't you change don't be so? 748: Well I'll tell you about that I like to tell about folks. Some people got ways their ways. Interviewer: And they're what in those ways? 748: And they're just set in their ways. And they don't need to try and change it. Interviewer: Because they're what? 748: Because they're just they just uh they they they they they and uh all I've seen is just set in their ways. And uh And in a way you Interviewer: And what kind of mind would you say they have what kind of? 748: Well there are two minds about it the way I go about it now if it's bad ways I'd say have him change his bad ways if its the good ways I'd say he have he hasn't changed his good ways. Interviewer: If the bad ways you'd say he's a what kind of fella? 748: What happens is the bad ways I'd just say he's mischievous. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you ever say ornery or {C: clock chiming} ornery or {C: clock chiming} {X} {C: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} 748: Ornery I know that one yeah. {C: clock chiming} I'd say that. {D: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} Well {C: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} talking about a a {C: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} what would what would make you change your id- {C: clock chiming} your ways? {C: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} 748: Well. Interviewer: When you got a different? 748: Well listen {C: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} maybe you're different now in other words. {C: clock chiming} Interviewer: A different what? {C: clock chiming} 748: He convinced {C: clock chiming} listen when you {C: clock chiming} and when you come convinced that you were wrong {C: clock chiming} Interviewer: When you got a different what? {C: clock chiming} What'd you say? {C: clock chiming} {C: clock chiming} 748: I said {C: clock chiming} you you change your ways you just become convinced that you were wrong. Interviewer: You got a different what 748: A different idea. Interviewer: You ever had that happen? 748: Yeah I have. Sure I have. Interviewer: You might be thinking about something and you'd get? 748: Well if something sounded like they're thinking about something I'd get a little upset. Interviewer: Get an ide-? 748: And uh. Interviewer: Get an idea? 748: And uh uh if I get an idea I just I just have to say well um my idea is that that person is just ain't just ain't right. Interviewer: Yeah. What about somebody who you could never joke with? 748: Never joked? Interviewer: You could never joke with him because he was mighty? You'd say he's a mighty what? 748: Well {NW} well he all I know is just a fellow who don't know have much to say. That's all I know. Interviewer: He's a mighty what kind of fella? #1 He get? # 748: #2 Mighty mighty quiet. # Son. Interviewer: Yeah but he'll get what real easily? He'll get? You know if you if you played a prank on him you'd get he'd get mighty? 748: Oh well he'd get mighty upset. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you say to somebody who was upset? Now it'll be okay just? 748: Well if I said somebody's up there said well? Uh. Interviewer: Everything'll be #1 alright. # 748: #2 {X} # Now listen to me if he's bothered if it was me I'd say well I'd say if you think I'm wrong I said I'm I'm willing to agree with you in other words if he if if I'm wrong. I'm wrong if I'm right I'm right but the thing about it uh all I asked you to do don't uh get mad when you go out my way. Interviewer: Yeah and he get he wouldn't even listen to you he'd be up there yabbering at you #1 and you'd say now just keep? # 748: #2 Well I # well I'd just say he had to be without reason. Interviewer: Yeah and you? 748: Had no reason. Interviewer: You'd say just keep keep? 748: Well I'd just say just keep going on your ways Interviewer: Keep calm? What now just? 748: Well I Interviewer: What now? #1 Blank down. # 748: #2 {X} # Quiet down. Interviewer: Calm? #1 {D: Calm down?} # 748: #2 {X} # {X} But that guy ever had {X} was talking about something. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 748: #2 I said well # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # ain't no need to bring that up. Even though they're bringing it up I I don't want to hear it. Interviewer: And you say to him now just keep? 748: And and just keep quiet just keep to yourself. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 748: #2 Just keep quiet. # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # I'll tell you what I would have. Just go up and tell some folks And go tell him he's some things I wish for I wish for him I tell him I said and I'll said now that bless you to change a little. {NW} Tell them that. And it's best you can save the other one. Interviewer: Yeah? If a person wasn't mad you'd say he was what? 748: Well if he wasn't mad he's just uh calm. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NS} now if you'd been working very hard out in the field you you'd come in and you'd say I'm very what? I'm very? 748: I I I'd be tired. Interviewer: Tired? I'm just? 748: Well I'm just tired just so tired I don't know what to do just tired. Interviewer: Okay. And if you were very very tired you'd say I'm? 748: Well I'd if make um make a little put a little more of a stress too you know. I'm sure am tired today. Interviewer: Yeah? Oh I am flat I'm just flat? {NW} I'm flat what flat wo-? 748: Well I'd just say well I'm just. Interviewer: Wore? 748: I'm just wore out or tired down that's the way I'd say. Interviewer: Or uh you might say I'm gonna go over to the bed and? And do what and? 748: And and and rest because I'm just wore out. Interviewer: How about well I'll go over to the couch and what? 748: Stretch out. And take a rest. Interviewer: Stretch out? You mean what? Like uh? 748: Stretching your body out. Interviewer: And do what? #1 You won't sit up you'll? # 748: #2 {X} # And relaxing. That's what. Interviewer: You're not gonna sit up you're gonna what? 748: Uh just lay down on it a little bit. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh. Now {D: if a person hadn't come home from work really} say they came home from work early one day you might say they did what they must've? 748: Well when they come home from work going well {X} fancy job I got through that quick today. Interviewer: What if they didn't feel well you'd say they #1 {D: had been.} # 748: #2 Well if they # if they don't uh I wonder how come so-and-so wasn't here that must've been job must've been more than he thought it was. Interviewer: Well uh if somebody came home early from school or from work uh because he? He what? 748: Well sometimes you come home early from school something different ways about that sometimes they come home because you got sick. And sometimes if its work you were doing you got you just got through with it it didn't take as long as you had thought it was gonna be. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Now you might say alright well he's sick now but he'll be well 748: Yeah. Interviewer: by? 748: Well I've he'd be uh well I'd say Interviewer: By? 748: oh he'd be alright tomorrow. You'd say that. Interviewer: By? 748: By tomorrow. Interviewer: By by? Hmm? 748: Well sometime I put that by and by sometimes I'd say oh he'll be alright in a little while I've seen that. In a little while he'll be alright in a little while. Be alright in a little while. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh. Now if you stayed out in the say you went out in the weather and it was rainy and cold it'd make you do what? You'd do what? Well cold. Chilly. Yeah you'd do what it'd make you? 748: Well it'd just make me feel chilly if I could stay out there and get cold got a cold got just got chilly I didn't feel it. Interviewer: And you came back in and you had a sneeze and running nose you'd say I must've? 748: Oh I've caught a cold out there. Interviewer: If if it made you sound like this you couldn't? 748: Caught a cold. Interviewer: But if it if it made you where you couldn't talk you'd say it #1 made you? # 748: #2 Well I'm just # hoarse. Interviewer: And it might give you a? {NW} 748: #1 Well sometimes # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Give you a what? 748: Sometime a cough. Interviewer: A cough and that sort of thing. Uh now you might say uh I'd better go to bed I'm feeling a little bit? 748: Well I'm feeling a little bit bad or I'm sleepy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. At uh I go to bed now and at twelve o'clock I'll? 748: Well sometimes {X} I have a certain time I'll sometimes go to bed around nine o'clock I get ready well its my bedtime. Interviewer: And when do you? About six in the morning you? 748: Well about six or five or well look oh its getting up time. Interviewer: Uh so now somebody might be asleep in your bed you might say oh gosh he's gonna be late for the meeting you'd better go? Better go what? 748: Well you'd better go and get you'd better get up and then go get ready you have to go. Interviewer: Somebody go what? Go do what to him somebody go? 748: Well you'd better get up and get your breakfast and get your clothes on. Clean up. Interviewer: You had to go #1 do what? You had to go? # 748: #2 Get ready to go. # Get ready to go. Interviewer: Yeah he was still asleep you had to go what? 748: Well I was still asleep I just had to wake him wake up wake up wake up. Interviewer: Yeah you had to go? 748: It's time to go. Interviewer: You had to go rouse him? 748: Yeah I got to go wake up wake up get up its time to go time to go now. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now somebody who can't hear very well they're you'd say they're a little? 748: Uh hard of hearing that's all #1 I know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 748: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # If they can't hear well at all you'd say they're what? 748: Well I Interviewer: They're just flat? 748: I'd just say well Interviewer: #1 They're flat what? # 748: #2 he he's uh # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # he just not got good hearing now he's a little bit {D: deef.} Interviewer: Yeah. Um now you you might've been out in the field and you'd been working hard you'd take your wet shirt off and you'd say look how I? 748: Perspirate just sweat sweat sweat I'd call it sweat. Interviewer: Yeah. Look how I what? Look how I? 748: Look how I sweat I that's the way I'd call it sweat. Interviewer: Yeah. 748: Well I have sweat. You know just to wring the water out of my clothes. Interviewer: Yeah. By the time you had uh uh you uh you came a guy came in and you could see how much he had out in the hot sun you could see how much he had? What he had? 748: See how much he had sweated. Interviewer: Sweated? Uh now if you uh if you got a you remember them things you used to get when people didn't wash say in a dirty shirt would rub up against them they'd get a a a place there you know what they'd call that a? 748: Well I'd say uh. Interviewer: You know it would have a core in it and it would be #1 real sore? # 748: #2 Well I'd say # Interviewer: #1 # 748: #2 # all I know I'd just say ain't got I I don't see no dirt on his neck or something like that maybe. Interviewer: Yeah and it would and he'd get a sore place there. 748: Yeah well it yeah well it get uh sore neck. Interviewer: He'd get a what? He'd get a a kind of a place that would come to a head? 748: Yeah. Well uh maybe a little rise or a blister. Interviewer: Yeah? Or a boi-? Uh if it was a blister what would it have in it? When's the best time to pop a blister? 748: Well the best time to pop a blister. Well all we're gonna just when I when I detect its there I need to pop it. Interviewer: And all that what runs out? 748: Well uh a little water run out or air sometimes just air. Interviewer: Yeah. Um well what if it was a rising? Or a you'd say a boil? #1 Would you ever say? # 748: #2 Well # if I had a rising on my neck I'd just say or a rise anywhere Interviewer: #1 And what would the? # 748: #2 I'd just # I'd just say well this is a rising. I got to put some water and I got to get and you know you got to get really got to get that squeeze and get that core out of it. Interviewer: Get out all that what all that stuff that would drain out #1 all that? # 748: #2 I'd call it # core. Interviewer: Coro-? Yeah? 748: Call it core. Interviewer: Corrup-? 748: Call it that but I just that's my way just saying the core. Interviewer: Yeah? 748: You know I've got 'em and you can pull out you can see a little string that's come off. Interviewer: Yeah? Now you'd say a bee stung me in my hand? My hand? 748: Well if a bee stung me. Interviewer: My hand did what #1 it? # 748: #2 My hand swolled up. # Interviewer: Swolled up. It's still pretty badly he bit me two weeks ago and its still badly? 748: Hey well I still can't handle I ain't got over that yet. Interviewer: Yeah my hand is still? 748: Swole up from that bee sting that's all I know. Interviewer: Swo- swole? 748: Sore from that sting. Interviewer: Yeah and it's still what it's still swo-? 748: Still hurts. Interviewer: Still bigger you might say its still swo-? 748: Well if it's a if it's a if it's a swell and that swell ain't going down I'd say this swelling ain't going down. Interviewer: It's still what it's still swo-? 748: Still still up there rolled up. Interviewer: Still what? My hand's still bigger than it should be? 748: Yeah well Interviewer: #1 It's still? # 748: #2 you. # Still swole. Interviewer: Still swole. And uh now if somebody was gonna attack somebody you'd say they took a knife and they? 748: {D: Staubed him.} Interviewer: {D: They staubed it} and it made an a what a knife? 748: Well it made um a wound. Interviewer: Wound? 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Knife wound. 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Now the kind of stuff that you have to get out of a wound it's uh maybe a kind of a skinless growth in there? And they they've gotta burn it out? Some kind of have you ever heard about anything like that? #1 Kind of a? # 748: #2 I've heard of it # but I don't know what it is. Interviewer: Some kind of flesh down in there? 748: What they call it. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever had a wound and you'd get some kind of flesh down in there? Some kind of? {NW} uh flesh? 748: Well uh I. Interviewer: You ever heard 'em talk about pro- proud? 748: I've heard yeah proud flesh I've heard of that proud flesh yeah. Proud flesh you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now when you get just a little cut on your hand you might get out this bottle and it's brown it's got a brown liquid in it and its got skull and crossbones on the front that's what? 748: Well uh that's um some um. I have used this stuff. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah? 748: I don't know what I call it. Interviewer: Brown liquid and you put it in a cut it would sting the cut at first? 748: {X} Interviewer: Io-? 748: There's antiseptic And then there's uh. Interviewer: Iodine? 748: I-Iodine. Interviewer: Iodine? What would it did you ever have malaria? 748: Malo- Interviewer: Malaria? What would they give for it? 748: Well uh. Interviewer: That tonic? 748: I've never had the malaria no {X} I know of if I had it all I'd know is you just have to take some Interviewer: Qui-? 748: some kind of good medicine sometimes quinine's good for it and uh as well as other preparations of iodine that they recommend. And say it {D: black} jaw. Or something know you're moving. Interviewer: Yeah. You know back in the old days people used to die and folks couldn't help 'em couldn't wasn't that true? 748: Folks would die. Interviewer: And folks couldn't help 'em. 748: Yeah. Interviewer: Like somebody'd be dead a week and nobody would know what. Interviewer: They were glad he finally 748: Passed out {NS} Interviewer: Passed out yeah and uh they buried in the what they buried him away in the 748: Well A cemetery {X} Interviewer: Yeah 748: A graveyard we call them graveyards some say graveyard and some say cemetery {NS} But they both mean the same thing to me Interviewer: Yeah 748: Graveyard is where they bury dead folks Interviewer: Yeah did you ever see did you ever see one of them places uh maybe around a church that they buried or one way out in the country what would they call that 748: Well where they're buried is called a church cemetery Or else if it was away from the church they just give the cemetery another name Interviewer: Yeah 748: Another name for it Interviewer: Yeah 748: Because I once I've seen a graveyard the other day {X} in this north field Uh Uh no church around it no house around it nothing Just a place to bury folks {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 748: Graveyard {NS} Interviewer: A place where they have a what 748: Place to bury the dead is all I know Interviewer: Yeah now when a man dies you might say he was an important man everybody turned out for his 748: {NW} Well I'll just say well he she was well thought of Interviewer: Yeah a lot of people turned out for his 748: For his funeral Interviewer: Um now the people who are dressed in black you say they're 748: Well {NS} Black the way I understand it {NW} People who are dressed in black are in mourning Interviewer: {NW} What if a woman uh say a woman lost control of herself you'd say she was what 748: Well if a woman lost control of herself well I'd just say she's uh Interviewer: At the funeral 748: She just uh Went all uh crazy or something like that Interviewer: She was mourning she was taken taken hard about it 748: Oh well {X} Yeah I'd just say they're weeping Like them folks uh Weeping around {X} Folks weeping around that When that little woman's son died no one charged ahead and Christ stopped the funeral procession stopped and told her Stop And he checks that Boy and that boy got up Them folks that you saw weeping with them, mourning with them I'll tell you another thing everybody follow a funeral uh Folks saying saying that they're not going to any any old cemetery Some of them To see what is going on see what's going to be said and something like that And some come Really because they want to console That the bereaved party and some of them even say {D: above that} {NW} It's a little better to try to console Interviewer: Now if somebody was troubled you might say oh honey it's going to come out okay just don't 748: Well if there was in trouble something like that I'd say well Interviewer: They were worried they were troubled 748: In other words I'd say well you were worried about that but uh Uh don't worry about it it'll uh Just live on with it something like that Interviewer: Yeah remember that disease that children would get and they'd get it in their they'd get it and they'd choke to death in the night 748: Well um One of them was Interviewer: They choked 748: It it it it'd be cold Flee Interviewer: Yeah 748: Accumulate in the cold Interviewer: Around world war one and thereafter they used to give people the Schick test to see if they needed shots or you remember di- 748: Well uh I remember them giving shots to to to keep folks from having different things like I take the flu shots Interviewer: Yeah 748: Keep me from having the flu Interviewer: You remember that disease that children would choke to death it was called dipth- 748: Uh Interviewer: Diphther- 748: Hmm I don't know about that one Interviewer: Diphtheri- 748: Yes sir I believe I've heard that term Interviewer: Um now there was a disease that made your skin turn yellow and made people's arms and body turn yellow and their eyes turn yellow that was what 748: Well it uh I'd just say they {NW} Well I wouldn't know just exactly how to place that to be honest Interviewer: Yeah 748: Properly Interviewer: They called it yellow j- 748: Yellow fever I don't know what could it be yellow fever Interviewer: Yeah yellow jan- 748: {NW} Interviewer: Ever heard of janders 748: I've heard of it yeah Interviewer: Okay now some folks get a pain down low in their side they call that what 748: Well Low in the side they'd just say my my my my my Side hurt or there's some say my stomach hurt Uh I'll have something to grieve enough something like that In other words A pain struck me I don't know what it is Interviewer: If it was down low here you'd say it was what 748: Well if it was down low I'd Interviewer: Just I mean a really bad pain 748: Well a real bad Interviewer: Folks used to die from it 748: Yeah Interviewer: And they didn't know what it was 748: Well um {X} I wouldn't know how to answer that I mean what if I Interviewer: They might have to have that removed their appe- their 748: Oh well the appendix Appendicitis they called it {X} Interviewer: They had what 748: Appendix Interviewer: Yeah they had a case of 748: Appendicitis Interviewer: Yeah and um now if you ate something that didn't agree with you it'd make you 748: Well if you eat something that don't agree with you you'd just have to Interviewer: You'd have to what you'd have to 748: You got to make you {NS} In other words it'll make you feel bad and make you belch {NS} And uh Sometimes it It'd cause your Bowel {X} Interviewer: Make you what 748: Well it would just make you Interviewer: When you eat and drink things that don't agree with you and they come up 748: Well make you throw up or something make you heave it up Interviewer: Heave it up 748: Yeah Interviewer: Okay or any other ways of saying it #1 kind of a different # 748: #2 In other words you'd say # folks would say make you puke Interviewer: Yeah 748: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah or vo- uh 748: Vomit yeah puke vomit or heave any one of them three things Interviewer: What would you what's a more crude term you'd say just vomit or 748: Well I'd just say Vomit yeah Interviewer: And um the more polite would be 748: Well heave I guess heave Interviewer: Okay now you might say 748: Or throw up I might I'm going to say throw up Interviewer: If you vomited you were sick he was what 748: Well if you vomit Well you'd just say well you just threw up Interviewer: Where was he sick 748: He just Well I just have to he {NW} He puked or something Interviewer: Yeah you know uh if it was a little warm or something or you'd eaten the wrong food you might say honey I'm going to go out and get some fresh air I'm feeling a little sick 748: Or I might just say well Interviewer: I'm feeling a little sick 748: oh I ate something that didn't agree with me that's all I'd say Interviewer: I'm feeling a little sick 748: Stuff don't agree with me because it {NW} Makes me feel bad Interviewer: Where does it make you sick 748: Well my stomach don't feel right Interviewer: Makes me sick where 748: In my stomach Interviewer: Sick in my stomach 748: Yeah sick in my stomach Interviewer: Okay um now if you invited somebody over to see you this evening and uh you're going to be disappointed if he didn't come you'd tell him I 748: Well uh If he didn't come I'd just say this Interviewer: I 748: I sure looked for you Interviewer: What 748: I looked for you to come you didn't come What happened something must have happened to you Interviewer: No you were telling say you were talking to him over the phone 748: Oh oh Interviewer: #1 And you were going to tell him that # 748: #2 oh # Oh yeah I've been looking yeah if I'm talking to him over the phone I'm looking for you to come but you never did come Interviewer: Well he didn't come no it wasn't you say you wanted him to come to your house tonight say 748: Well I'd just ask why you didn't come Interviewer: And if he won't come you'd say 748: How come you didn't come Interviewer: You go well okay how come you didn't come now but uh you might say if you don't come I 748: Well if you don't come I'll just um {NW} You hear well or if you heard me just don't come well I just don't care {NW} Interviewer: If you don't come I blank be disappointed I 748: Yeah well I sometimes you sure did disappoint me I'd say that Interviewer: You'd be talking with him you say now I want you to come to my house tonight if you don't come I 748: Would be disappointed if you Interviewer: #1 I won't be # 748: #2 Don't come # Interviewer: Disappointed um or you'd say to him any time you can come to my house I'll be what to see you I'll be 748: Well I'd be glad to see you Interviewer: Or I'll be 748: Welcome to come Interviewer: I'll be 748: Well it might be Interviewer: #1 Proud # 748: #2 {X} # Be proud to see you be welcome {NW} Be glad to see you Interviewer: Okay would does that mean about the same thing as glad 748: {D: as what} Interviewer: Does that mean about the same thing as glad 748: Uh Glad proud uh about they're all about the same thing really Interviewer: Okay now say a boy was leaving a party and he saw a girl leaving too he'd ask her what would he ask her can I 748: Go with you Interviewer: Okay or can I may I what 748: Could say well may I accompany you home Interviewer: Okay or uh if he had a carriage or his own surrey or his wagon or something like that he'd say may I 748: I'll take you in my wagon I'll take you in my car I'll take you in my wagon I'll take you in the car and get you home Interviewer: Okay so he 748: If he did so he'd be nice enough to do that. I went to folks {NW} Housing they had nice enough {X} {NW} Bring me home {NS} Interviewer: When a boy was seeing a lot of a girl spending a lot of time with her going over to her house a lot they'd say he was he was doing what 748: {NW} Well if he's going over to her house a lot Over to see her I'd say well I'd just say it like this He sure do love that somebody loves to be around them Then another thing you could say a boy {X} There must {NW} There must be something going on along between them {NW} Interviewer: He's what 748: Well he must be He must be going with that girl Interviewer: They'd say he's courting her or 748: Courting her yeah Interviewer: Any other ways of saying it they'd say he was 748: Well just corresponding with her Interviewer: Okay were they would they talk about what if he was really serious about her 748: Well if he's real serious about it Why Interviewer: They'd say he was what 748: I'd just say well he sure did mean it Interviewer: Mean what 748: If he was honest about Uh liked to be in that girl's company or even at the funeral and and and Interviewer: About keeping company 748: And keeping company with her Interviewer: Yeah um or what if he was just kind of fooling around with her folks would say he was just 748: Oh he didn't mean nothing he's just taking up time with her Interviewer: Yeah 748: What I'd say Interviewer: He doesn't love her he's just what 748: I'd just say he don't love her he's just taking up time Interviewer: He just go on with her or 748: Yeah Interviewer: Spark her did you ever hear that spark 748: Well that's sparking yeah that's just uh Being together or that's before they Whether it's for a good purpose or bad Whether it's meant for good or meant for bad Interviewer: Yeah now she's she'd be fixing up for her she'd be fixing up for her 748: Well she's fixing up She was expecting him she'd be fixing up for her company Her friend to come Boyfriend Interviewer: Okay other names 748: What's that Interviewer: Other names 748: Well boyfriend um or man friend or whatever you want to call Interviewer: Okay and uh he'd call her his 748: Girlfriend Interviewer: Okay um kind of old funny names you'd have for that maybe you'd say uh oh boy going over to see his what tonight going over to going over to check out his 748: Well sometimes Interviewer: Honey or his thrill steady beau 748: Well um Interviewer: Dummy doll 748: I don't really know just how to pitch that Interviewer: Yeah now a boy would come home with lipstick on his collar 748: {NW} Interviewer: And they'd say you've been 748: Yeah Oh yeah you've been I can tell you've been kissing that girl I'll tell you That kind of woman {NS} A man would go with a woman {NW} And she was just one of those women that's you know kept a lot of stuff like that about her And uh Coming in One night His wife Said well I've been so and so {X} I know where you've been you've been seeing with so and so I see all that stuff on your On your collar Interviewer: She kept a lot of stuff with her 748: I'm talking about She's hugging him and kissing him you know Got some of that stuff on on your clothes {X} Interviewer: When a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her 748: Well they just fell out Interviewer: She she did what to him 748: Well she just fell out well in other words she's Lost friendship with him Or dissolved friendship with him Interviewer: He asked her to marry him but she 748: {NW} Well if she asked her to marry him Interviewer: But she did what 748: And she turned him down Interviewer: Okay 748: Turned him down she said no Interviewer: Let's say oh boy that that poor boy he just hadn't been the same since she since she what 748: {NW} Well uh Interviewer: Other ways of saying it 748: #1 Yeah hadn't # Interviewer: #2 {D: all of a sudden} # 748: Been the same in other words Uh hadn't been the same since {NS} I first met him or something like that or uh-huh Interviewer: What did she do to him she well what would you say a man did to a woman a man if a man didn't want to see a woman anymore he just did what he 748: Well if he don't want to see her well I'm just through with you Interviewer: #1 He's # 748: #2 I don't # Want to do with you Interviewer: And he did what he 748: Just just told her I'm through with you and I'm done with you now Interviewer: He did what he gave her gave her 748: Well It was a Interviewer: Gave him the sack or gate gave him the 748: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Axe # 748: Yeah threw him out of the gate or something like that {NS} Yeah Interviewer: Okay now but if she didn't turn him down you'd say they went ahead and got 748: {NW} Well she didn't turn him down Be {X} Well they finally got married Interviewer: Yeah other ways of saying that humorous ways you'd say he got they got what 748: Well I'd just say they either got together or they got united Interviewer: They talking about horses or something like that you'd say they did what 748: What's that Interviewer: Talking about horses or something like that you'd say they got 748: Horses you said horses Interviewer: Yeah would you compare uh uh getting married to to getting two horses together in a wagon 748: Well I'd just I could say well they finally got together at last Interviewer: Yeah got hitched 748: Got hooked up Interviewer: Hooked up jumped the broomstick 748: Yeah we I've used that word I've heard that word Jump the broomsticks Interviewer: Um now at a wedding the man who stands up with the groom is the what 748: Well the man who stands up with the groom at a wedding I guess uh I'd have to say the preacher in other words sometimes they Sometimes the father I suppose stands up with him I've known that to be happening Interviewer: What was the waiter 748: Well the waiters is uh We just called them waitress uh Somebody to Assist him in getting around no I don't know how to say that Interviewer: Okay um now after a wedding would uh there be kind of a noisy bunch of people come around the house 748: Well after a wedding sometime you have a lot of folk come around you know cheering them up wishing them well and all that {X} {NS} Interviewer: Or they might start shooting their guns off all the people in the neighborhood would come around #1 Have a # 748: #2 I # We've never I've never heard of that now {D: no} Interviewer: Would they ever have something at the bride at the groom's house I mean the the married couple's house people would get together and they'd come over and start shooting their guns off or maybe bring a lot of whiskey make a lot of noise start beating on things 748: Well {X} Things like that but I've never seen it Interviewer: Yeah that was a what 748: Well just a merry party is all I know Interviewer: Yeah you ever hear of a shi- a shivar- shivaree 748: No Interviewer: Never heard of a shivaree oh boy now what about somebody who was unpopular in the community maybe he took a maybe he took an unpopular stand in the church or in a political situation 748: Well I'd just say he's kind of a self-conceited person that's all I know Interviewer: Well 748: {X} Interviewer: What might people do 748: What's that Interviewer: What might people do if they wanted to threaten him 748: Want to threaten him Interviewer: Yeah would people ever come around maybe and fire their pistols 748: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Surround their house # 748: #2 Sometime people # Come around try to find out how come you don't act Interviewer: Yeah 748: Like you should Interviewer: That was a what they did a 748: Well uh People trying to To to reason with you uh trying to Interviewer: {D: Would ever give people a drummond} 748: A what Interviewer: {D: A drummond that is run him out of community} 748: Yeah well you mean running folks out of the community Interviewer: Yeah 748: I have heard it yeah Interviewer: Okay now say you you uh where have you traveled around here besides west have you ever been to been to Memphis been up around Memphis 748: No Interviewer: Okay or Little Rock 748: I've been to Little Rock Interviewer: Just the other day you were 748: I was at Little Rock to see my son the other day Interviewer: You were what 748: I visited my son that's all I know Interviewer: Just the other day you were 748: Last week uh last Friday I went to see my son visit my son at Little Rock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 748: Veteran's hospital Interviewer: You were where 748: Sick Interviewer: Just last Friday you were 748: #1 In Little Rock # Interviewer: #2 {X} # You were 748: That I was trying to see my son trying to accompany see how he's getting along Interviewer: Yeah you'd say you were up 748: Well I'd say this now About him now He was up but uh {NW} I've got a sad story for you They'd operated on him so many They thought they was going to have to do it over again that's something that's happening Interviewer: Or talking about Monroe 748: {NW} Well if I it's in Monroe I'd just say well I'm in Monroe, Louisiana Interviewer: I was down 748: Yeah I'd say well I don't yeah I guess so I'd just say I'm down going I think that is south Interviewer: I was down 748: Down south Interviewer: Okay uh or uh you might say something like if somebody lives up the hill you'd say he lives where 748: Well I'd say I well I'd say well so and so he he lives up there on the hill Interviewer: Uh okay now four o clock is the time when school four o clock is the time when school 748: Closes school closing time Interviewer: Closes and uh the day after labor day usually is when school 748: Well Schools uh reopen After Holidays or Interviewer: Yeah okay you'd say school uh around the first of September that's when school what when it 748: School is going to be open for the summer summertime Interviewer: When it opens okay if a boy left home to go to school say he didn't show up they'd say he did what 748: {NS} Well {NS} If he left home to go to school and didn't show up I'd just say well he just {NS} Interviewer: He did what he 748: Well I'd say Interviewer: Did you ever do that when you were young 748: Well I'd say he did no I never did When I got to go what little bit I got to go to school I went I didn't {NS} Every day I went I wouldn't be disappointed See If you didn't show up well I'd just be disappointed I'd be I'd be disappointed if I didn't show up Interviewer: You say that boy did what he must have dad gum that boy didn't show up at school he must have played 748: Well that that boy didn't show up well I'd say this something must have happened Interviewer: He bag- he bagged it or he played hooky 748: Well played hooky when I said happened that'd cover all that you know Hooky or whatnot hooky or sick or whatnot Interviewer: You go to school to get 748: Well you go to school to get an education Interviewer: And uh did you ever have any go to high school 748: Now what Interviewer: Did you ever have any kids go to high school 748: Yeah Interviewer: And after high school someone might go onto 748: Yes I have I'm going to college Higher institution of learning Interviewer: When you went to school what did you start in 748: I started in uh What do you call a {X} That's when I started in my day Interviewer: Okay 748: {X} Interviewer: They call it anything else other words for it 748: Let me see Interviewer: What'd you sit in 748: I don't know whether they called it anything else or not right now Interviewer: What did you sit in 748: What'd I see Interviewer: Sit in 748: I would sit on {X} Sit on on homemade plant benches Interviewer: Yeah nowadays they have 748: They have chairs to sit in Interviewer: Chairs 748: oh yes Uh Nice pews to sit in Interviewer: And they write on 748: Well they write on the tablets Write on the they used to have slates to write on Interviewer: Yeah 748: Write on Interviewer: Nowadays they have a table cloth 748: Well they have a A writing table Interviewer: Yeah they call that a what 748: Well Interviewer: Each student has his own 748: He always had his own own little desk something like that Interviewer: Yeah the classroom might have a whole bunch of new new de- talking about a desk 748: Casket Interviewer: No a desk if each student has his own desk 748: Well Interviewer: Then the classroom might have how many 748: Well It may have it depends That depends on uh In other words how well it depends on how large the room is Interviewer: What depends 748: It depends on if the room is big enough to accommodate Interviewer: Accommodate what 748: To accommodate Uh Say Say twenty students put twenty in there Interviewer: And you have twenty what 748: And you and you have twenty desks {X} Interviewer: Okay now a place where you'd go check out books is called a what 748: Library Interviewer: Yeah um now you would stay overnight in a strange town you'd stay in a what 748: Well I'd stay in a hotel or in a boarding house Interviewer: Yeah okay um now uh you mail a package at the what 748: I mail a package at the post office Interviewer: Okay 748: just say post office or bus station but we we do say {NW} Here we send off to put on {X} #1 Send the package # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Now the woman who looks after your son in a hospital is called a 748: Nurse Interviewer: Nurse where would you catch a train when you caught that train to go to California you caught it at the what 748: Well when I caught the train to go to California I caught it {D: an hour later} Interviewer: At the what 748: At the At the what I call the depot Interviewer: Okay call it the rail rail rail what 748: Well {NS} You mean down {X} Interviewer: Railroad 748: Um Interviewer: Railroad depot 748: Yes Interviewer: Hmm 748: Yeah that's where the depot that's word for it Interviewer: What were they called 748: Let me see depot uh Interviewer: Okay now 748: A station or {NW} Interviewer: Alright uh now there's an open place in the middle of a city what do they call that right in there by the courthouse 748: Well um {NW} Interviewer: It's got trees in it and grass grows there 748: Mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 It's got # 748: #2 Well um # Interviewer: They call that what 748: Well they just call it um {NS} A Place of amusement {X} Place for amusement's all I can say Interviewer: Yeah it's just a town what town 748: Just a town park amusement you might call it Interviewer: Okay are there any greens or places or parks around here anything like that 748: That's right they got some {NW} Basic parks you know people {X} {NW} They have to have a place for folks to park the cars on their way up Just like we used to have a {X} We hitched our wagons when we went there Couldn't hitch them hitch them anywhere That was a place to hitch our wagon And uh I can remember when uh Way back yonder They had a big show when when uh {X} Could hitch wagon could hitch horses now hitching up wagon horses around before {X} {NW} And then we had a big old trough that we would water our horses down at the courthouse Just lead them up to that trough and you Interviewer: Just one 748: Lead them water Lead them up to the trough you know down to the trough big old Big old Container that'll hold water trough Interviewer: They had more than one didn't they I mean 748: They didn't have more than one just one and they'll refill the water Had it on the courthouse To water your horses Just one only way I know Interviewer: Now when you feed your your cattle or stuff like that you had maybe two or three 748: Well I If I fed my cattle And I have two or three Interviewer: Two or three what 748: Well if I had three three say if I have three cows Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well I'd have to have three troughs to feed them three cows {D: you know} Interviewer: Okay um now let's say there were two streets that were crossing and uh you were at the corner of one one of those streets and you had to get through the intersection to the corner of the other street uh instead of walking across one street and then across the other you walked you maybe walked what way 748: Maybe I'd walk Uh {X} {NS} Well across the streets Interviewer: You'd say you were talking compared to the corners of the street you're walking what way 748: Well Well if I would I'd walk across streets {X} I'd sort of walk around this hall here Interviewer: But you went what way 748: If I if I went if he was around this a way And I then I heard anybody cut across You see Interviewer: Yeah you went 748: I'd cut across you know whichever way I'd cut going you know east north or south I'd cut across you know {NW} Maybe save a few steps Interviewer: Yeah you're walking what you're walking 748: Well when I'm walking {NS} Regards to which way I'm going I just {NS} Just uh Interviewer: Walking 748: Walking um Interviewer: Yeah say say you need to get from here to here instead of walking like that you walk 748: Well I walk across here cut acro- cut across Interviewer: Would say catty uh catty something 748: Well I have said catty but I usually just say I cut across Interviewer: Catty what you're walking catty #1 something cornered # 748: #2 Catty ways or catty cornered # Interviewer: Catty ways uh would you talk about any about {D: goblin?} Or something like that or {D: goblin or} {D: any goblin or} 748: Driving Interviewer: {D: Any goblin} Or anything like that you ever heard of that {X} 748: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Now you remember how them old rail fences went # 748: Yeah because I would put them up Interviewer: They didn't go straight did they 748: No no Interviewer: How'd they go 748: Well they had to go Zigzaggy Interviewer: Zig zag huh okay uh now remember {X} They used to have well they got buses now {X} But what did they used to have they used to have them 748: Well {NS} You mean you mean in the town Interviewer: Yeah they had them uh 748: Well uh {D: say} {NW} Interviewer: {X} 748: Chauffeurs or Interviewer: Well they had them things that rail on on 748: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Railways on rails and uh # 748: Well a street car Interviewer: A street car did you ever ride one 748: No sir never did ride Interviewer: #1 In San Fransisco # 748: #2 Yes I oh yes I have rode in a street car # Interviewer: In San Fransisco I bet 748: Sure I rode in a street car Interviewer: Now you you rode on one you'd tell the bus driver #1 The ne- # 748: #2 I want to # Get off say attention please Interviewer: #1 Alright # 748: #2 {X} # I'd get off say attention please {D: after I got to that} S- Got to the phrase I'd pull a little cord When I want to get off Interviewer: That'd tell the bus driver that that was where you 748: Tell him that this is where I want to get off Interviewer: Where you wanted you'd say hey this is where I 748: Yeah Interviewer: Want 748: Yeah it's either it's either hollering to him Just pull that cord that'd let him know {NS} let him know yes Interviewer: That's where you wanted 748: to stop Interviewer: That's where you wanted 748: To go Interviewer: Wanted to go okay now say you had a dog in the house the dog went over to the door and he started scratching on the door you'd say the dog wants 748: To come in Want to get in the house I'll tell you two things I say Interviewer: No he was inside the house 748: Oh inside he wanted to get out Interviewer: He wants 748: want to get out Interviewer: Wants out 748: Yeah wants outside Interviewer: Okay now El Dorado is the what of union county 748: El Dorado is the I call it the capital of Union county I might say Interviewer: Okay 748: County seat Interviewer: #1 It's the county okay # 748: #2 seat # Interviewer: Um now the police in town are supposed to uphold 748: Well law and order Interviewer: Okay uh you remember that war between the north and the south what was that called 748: Well it was called the ci- I'd call it {X} I heard it called a civil war I think that's better Interviewer: Okay did they have any other names for it or do you remember any other names older people might have called it 748: Hmm let's see Well I can't remember now Interviewer: Okay now before they had the electric chair murders were 748: Well before we had the electric chair they {NS} I guess they Interviewer: #1 Murderers were what # 748: #2 I might say that # might say they shot them Interviewer: Or they what 748: Or hung Interviewer: They hung them right murderers were 748: Hung Interviewer: Okay now a man wanted to commit suicide he went out and 748: Take something to kill hisself Interviewer: He went out and did he went out and 748: Done something to kill hisself all I know whichever whatever way Interviewer: Or he went out and 748: Yeah whatever whatever you done Interviewer: Hung 748: Something to kill hisself Interviewer: He might have gone out and done hu- 748: Well hung hisself Interviewer: Hung himself 748: Yeah well a man hung hisself right over here at this plant yeah Interviewer: Did he 748: Yes Interviewer: Why 748: White man Interviewer: Why is that 748: Oh it's Been years ago now I can't tell the year it's been years ago but anyhow that man {X} That man Uh went out there in the edge of the woods someone to put a rope around his neck and then he jumped off broke his neck {NW} Um Kill you know Rope around the neck And jumped over that tree over there I mean he jumped {NW} Over what he was standing on another limb Because that's what he had to clamp on then When and tied his rope and tied around his neck and then he jumped And then he jumped off That broke his neck Guy done right up here at the {X} Interviewer: Hmm 748: Committed suicide Interviewer: You know what that you know what that big town is uh uh well north of here on the Mississippi river it's in Missouri they call it saint 748: Saint Louis yeah Saint Louis I know that Interviewer: Saint Louis what 748: Yeah well Missouri Interviewer: Okay um how far is it from here to uh to uh {X} 748: It's said to be fourteen miles Interviewer: Okay uh now um if a man is funny say a man is funny and you liked him you'd say I like him 748: Oh he's just a jolly old fellow that's all I know to say He's just a I like to hear that old I like him you know he's so jolly Interviewer: Why do I like him why do you like him 748: Well because he's so cheerful he's always got something funny to say #1 Cheer you up # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 748: Cheer me up Interviewer: Now uh when you could have when you could have used help for something say you were doing a chore that you could have used help for you might ask afterwards why did you just sit around blank of helping me why'd you sit around of helping me uh 748: Now you mean uh You said in a store now Interviewer: Yeah 748: Well now in a store you know you know what if Interviewer: No no no not in a store just doing a chore by yourself 748: Oh to well Interviewer: And your say one of your sons was just watching 748: If if if he's over there chilling around If anybody happens happens to somebody they need help I'd just why did you help them just like I Going to the hospital once and I had uh my d- Carrying my daughter to the hospital and she had these blackouts Well she Had one of those blackouts she just fell out {NS} And uh there's a young white gentleman coming up the hill in his car now And he just stops his car right quick Jumped out see what he could do to help us See {NS} Because he had that Much feeling for Serving humanity Interviewer: Yeah 748: That's that's how come he does Interviewer: Now but if he'd been a scoundrel he would have 748: Oh no no he just kept going Interviewer: He would have driven on ins- 748: He'd have just drive on pay paid no attention Maybe tell tell folks and all what he's seen Interviewer: Instead 748: But at the same time won't won't tell the folks that I {X} {NW} Interviewer: But 748: He kept going Interviewer: Yeah but but he stopped 748: What I told you yeah But he stopped and helped Interviewer: Yeah now if you got a job that was hard to do all by yourself you might say to somebody you might say uh you might say well you might 748: Well if I had job to do and wanted to do it #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I'm al- I done that job now but you might have # 748: Well I {NS} I've done that job You might have you might have you might find something wrong but you might have to do it over Interviewer: Or or you said to somebody you might say why do you just sit there watching me work you might have 748: Helped me Interviewer: Huh 748: Might have helped me Interviewer: Might have helped me okay uh or talking about uh if you gave somebody two choices you you asked him to do one but he did the other ins- but you asked him to do one but 748: Maybe {NS} Well if I asked him to do Asked him to do it I'd just say well he just wouldn't do so and so Wouldn't do like I told him that's what Interviewer: But he did the other instead right you'd say you asked him to do one but 748: But he done so and so Interviewer: But he he what he 748: Just just just just didn't obey me I could say that Interviewer: He did the other #1 {X} # 748: #2 Thing that I said I don't know # Interviewer: Instead 748: Instead That's a good way to put it Interviewer: You asked him to do this but 748: He done that Interviewer: Instead now you say 748: Yeah done that instead of doing what I told him he done that Interviewer: Okay um alright now uh in church the preacher delivers a 748: Well the preacher delivers a gospel message that's what he's supposed to do Interviewer: You say oh preacher that was a fine 748: Yeah well now listen {NS} Uh {NS} Now when it comes to his preaching just like speaking {NS} Everybody don't have the same ability To deliver nothing {NS} And some folks Now I say with some folks some folks {NW} Can try to tell you to {X} Go around any old area you you uh You listen at them Tell you which speaker which speaker you listen and when they get through with it they tell it in such a way you don't know more {NS} You don't know more {NS} When they started you did when they started you have another fellow {NS} Tell he look like a just {NS} {D: you get strings on} You get someone who looks like they'll see it {NS} He knows how to explain a thing so you're going to see it {NS} See explain a thing so we can see it and understand yet another fellow he He just he he he don't have that ability {NS} The same thing about preaching {NS} Uh some preachers Interviewer: That delivery 748: Yeah that deliverance {NS} They have a better deliverance than the other Interviewer: Delivering a good 748: A a good message or something like that Interviewer: The ser- the 748: The sermon {X} {NS} Has a better gift to do it Interviewer: Yeah 748: Because I've heard preachers that uh They'll say and say this They'll say and say they're saying the truth but the way they says it it didn't have no bang and I've heard preachers preachers saying {X} {NS} Just like singing a song Some folks it's raise a song and sing it And it's dry I I just call it dry {NS} And others raise a song and sing and it puts in such a way you know and it look it just has its bang Interviewer: The you just say the they don't have any what kind of a building they don't have any 748: Well they just don't have a an ability to do that because in other words Interviewer: To make 748: It is their talent Sometimes a person tries to do something they ain't talented Interviewer: They don't have a talent to make 748: Yeah a gift that is it is a gift where you need a talent to make that speech {NW} Interviewer: #1 Or to make To make la la la la la # 748: #2 {X} # And lead it ain't your talents to Interviewer: Or some people's talent don't have a talents can't be in a choir because they don't have a talent to make 748: Well Interviewer: To make mu- 748: To make music or to Preach or to teach or to speak {NS} all that Interviewer: But uh now you might say oh the music this morning was just it was really beau- music 748: Well {NS} Now {X} It depends on setting on them just at church {NS} You go to church It depends on what sort of attitude what sort of shape you was in when you went to church Interviewer: Yeah 748: See And um If you was in the spirit and the right attitude The song will like lift you up and pick you up {NS} And if you ain't Why you go to church it's {NS} Just another day Interviewer: Yeah but you might one day the songs might just sound beau- you say oh the songs just sound 748: Beautiful Interviewer: Beautiful 748: Beautiful and lovely oh I just feel joy So beautiful Interviewer: Yes sir Now you might be going to church and on the way to church you had a flat tire you'd say uh 748: Well I I hate having this flat tire I'm going to look like I Interviewer: #1 Church will be over # 748: #2 {X} # Yeah church will be maybe over when I get there Interviewer: Church is going to be over 748: It's going to be over and I'll miss the start but I I don't mean actually on time Interviewer: Yeah the enemy and the opposite of God is called 748: The devil Interviewer: #1 Okay when you # 748: #2 Satan # Interviewer: Yeah any other names for him they call him 748: Let me see Interviewer: #1 Old scratch # 748: #2 the Devil # Satan uh Interviewer: Old scratch you ever hear that 748: Uh I've heard that and I've read it too Interviewer: Do you ever talk about a fellow who maybe when you were a kid if you didn't behave this guy was going to get you #1 the who was gonna get you # 748: #2 well # If you don't behave yourselves the devil is going to get you Interviewer: Or okay or the boo- 748: The boogeyman Interviewer: Boogeyman is he the same thing as the devil or 748: Well I don't know {NW} I think so that that was a mere just just Interviewer: Yeah when you go by when you go by a kind of a place at night maybe and they say it's got what in it it's got all them things that are white maybe or some of them are all sort of different maybe some of them what is it they think they see around a graveyard 748: Well now in a graveyard well I see lots of Flowers Go out go by this flower place I see lots of flowers Interviewer: What about at night 748: Well at night Interviewer: It would frighten 748: Well at night of course now if I go by a place like that If it don't have no lights I don't see the flower Interviewer: Yeah 748: They don't have it lit up But if it's lit up I see them Interviewer: Yeah 748: But if it's lit up I can see them at night Interviewer: Around a graveyard at night 748: Well a graveyard at night well You can't just see nothing Maybe maybe you maybe you it's on the tombstones oh and that's all just all Interviewer: Yeah what might folks see there them white things that would float around at night 748: Well uh Interviewer: {NW} 748: You might see a hand {NW} A spirit Interviewer: Yeah any other names for them folks call them 748: Either spirit Hands And a ghost Interviewer: Ghost yeah 748: Oo Interviewer: #1 and now you # 748: #2 ghost # Interviewer: what about those places that that uh them old houses that were back in the woods folks folks wouldn't go to them they'd say they were 748: Were haunted Interviewer: Haunted 748: {NW} I thought you said haunt Somebody died in there Interviewer: Have you ever had anything like that happen to you 748: No Interviewer: Now you might say often when I go to sleep I 748: Only only this now now now like listen {NS} If I said telling somebody {NW} I've heard some rackets around this house I've even One or two nights {X} {NW} {X} I guess something look like I'm tapping I got up and went around and looked all around the house and never see anything Didn't see nothing Tell you Interviewer: But you thought you heard 748: A spirit I just say a spirit Interviewer: It must have been 748: It must have been a hand or a spirit sometimes let me tell you another thing if somebody died well I'd say it must have been so and so's Spirit Interviewer: Yeah 748: Like {NW} Just like that uh bumping well it's a clang with them dishes I was going back there Interviewer: Yeah 748: I hear bop {X} {NW} I'll tell you what I just said I said {X} Mister {B} I said I apologize and to your wife. Paid him the money for it {NW} I let him know That went {NW} All the way that thing back yonder Interviewer: Yeah somebody say you didn't hear nothing and you might say thought I heard s- 748: Well somebody might say to me yeah but I {X} rackets {NS} Interviewer: #1 They'd say # 748: #2 {X} # Most everybody else boy that racket but but when it comes to seeing things everybody would see them Interviewer: Yeah 748: Everybody sees {NS} Spirits Interviewer: They'd say I think I heard 748: Yeah I think I heard something I heard a Curious noise I wonder what it was Interviewer: I think I heard heard something 748: Yes Interviewer: Okay um now uh let's see somebody might give you a choice of doing two things and you'd tell him which one you you'd say uh somebody gave you a choice 748: Well I'd say uh Interviewer: Well one 748: Well I tell you what I'll just take this one Interviewer: This is the one I 748: Uh uh uh uh I I make a choi- uh choose Interviewer: Yeah 748: Just like that second chair in there that That chair there I thought I thought I'd sit down and lean back In there Uh a white friend of mine {NS} Heard me calling over this buy and sell program {X} So and so got something to sell so and so bought {NW} And she heard my voice she said I knew that man's voice She even got the telephone book Showed that it was {NW} But she happened to be because she had sold something through that Medium you see {NW} And she knew where there was three chairs She said man {NS} You go down and pick you up you get whatever you want Go down and look at them see if there's any one you like I did went there and I picked out one I want two {X} Oh that pretty sofa {X} {NW} Were just like that sitting that just like sitting there like {NW} Well I'll choose that kind of chair Interviewer: She gave 748: The cheapest now it's the cheapest but I didn't choose it because it was cheap {NW} Because I I choosed {NW} Because I knew this in my condition I could keep it cleaned up better {NW} {X} I just wipe it off All I got to do just wipe it off so I made the choice of that one She bought it and give it to me Interviewer: She 748: I had I had my choice either one or three of them But I choose that one {NS} Interviewer: Uh 748: I can sit down {NS} {NW} {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Now {NS} You might you say okay I have if I had your choice might say but I 748: I'll choose this one I like this one better I'll take or I'll take this Interviewer: That one's nice but I 748: I might say I'll take this one {NS} Interviewer: Or or somebody might ask you to go to town you say I'll go if you insist but I but 748: Well uh Person asked me to go to town Interviewer: If you insist I will but I 748: I'm not particular about going Interviewer: I'd r- 748: but I'll tell you if you uh Interviewer: I'd 748: Just insist on on me going I I will go along Interviewer: But I 748: I'll go with you Interviewer: But I what I I would you say I would 748: All I know to say is just say yes I'll go Interviewer: But I'd r- 748: Rather stay Interviewer: Rather stay 748: I have went I have went to places that uh Course folks ask me to go {NS} And uh I went on and some some of the places I went I'm glad I went and some of them {X} Interviewer: Okay now you might you might go outside and uh and you might say you might come back in you'd say oh you better put a sweater on it's getting 748: Well Interviewer: Getting right 748: Or I'd just say if I go outside then I'd realize oh it's chilly out there I didn't know it When I went to go to church on Sunday {X} {NS} And I got out there and I said I want to have my old coat on but I didn't Interviewer: Well you say it's getting uh it's getting r- 748: Well it's getting getting it's it's getting it's getting cold Interviewer: #1 It's getting # 748: #2 Cool # Cool Interviewer: You say oh it's getting rather 748: Uh cool cooler than I thought Interviewer: Hmm 748: Cooler than I thought it was Interviewer: It's getting what r- 748: Just getting cold all I #1 know # Interviewer: #2 Rather cold # 748: Yeah Interviewer: Huh 748: Yes and I would say cold all I know Interviewer: Okay uh now if somebody had a thousand acres of land you'd say they had how much land it's like boy he's got a what of land 748: Well I'd just say he's sure got a lot of land Interviewer: A right a r- 748: Uh a big a big big plot of land all I know to say Interviewer: He's got a right a right what of land a right 748: Well a right Big Right big spot of land is all I know how to say it Interviewer: Right smart of land 748: Mm-hmm Interviewer: That's a lot would you ever say something caused a right smart of pain 748: Well a right smart and I'd say well it didn't cost me so much Interviewer: Yeah okay um now uh when you meet somebody on the street what would you say to them 748: {NW} Well that depends Interviewer: Why what if they were a friend 748: Uh Interviewer: What what might you ask him 748: Well sometimes well I just Ask them how you're feeling Interviewer: Okay 748: Hello there how you feeling? {X} Interviewer: Or if you're introduced to a stranger 748: Well If I've been I'm proud to meet you Interviewer: Okay and uh somebody was leaving and you've enjoyed their visit you might say 748: I'm sorry to see you go Interviewer: Won't you come 748: Come back again Interviewer: Come back again uh or a bunch of friends were leaving your house and you might say well 748: {NS} Well I'm just proud y'all come Interviewer: Yeah 748: Proud y'all come to the come back again proud you come here Interviewer: Okay um now what when you meet somebody around the twenty-fifth of December what do you say to him 748: Well meet somebody {X} Uh well Christmas is almost here Maybe sometimes say that or maybe sometimes say well Uh {NS} Holidays is almost here and then sometimes I say this I say well Uh That old day that our savior was born is right here by us again Interviewer: Okay would you say anything any by way of you know say anything to him like it's Christmas day you see somebody on the street what would you say to him what would you say to a child 748: Well I'd just say maybe a Christmas gift I'd say that Interviewer: Would that be just a joke with them 748: Yeah just a joke Interviewer: Okay or would you ever say anything else to a child you might say 748: Well Interviewer: Me- 748: I would say well {X} Christmas and then I'll give a child something Interviewer: Merry 748: Merry Christmas Interviewer: Okay and then on the first of the year you'd say 748: {NW} well Happy new year to you Interviewer: Or would you ever say new years 748: New years gift Interviewer: New year's gift 748: on New year's day on new year's gift yeah Interviewer: What would you say to somebody by way of appreciation to them 748: Well by way of I sure do thank you Interviewer: I'm much 748: I'm so much I'm highly pleased so I sure thank you so much for what you've done Interviewer: Or I'm much much 748: Appreciated Interviewer: Much obli- much 748: Oh I'm much obliged yeah well that's said I'll say that too much obliged Interviewer: Now some people don't want to take any any kind of charity or anything do they because they don't want to be what to other people 748: Well said won't take no charity because they don't want to do what the other people Interviewer: They don't want to be 748: Well I'll tell you Uh Interviewer: I don't care to be what 748: Well in other words {NS} I don't care to be for people to think I'm going around think I'm in need Interviewer: Don't care to be 748: And and listen listen listen listen Another thing {NS} Some folks don't want to take it And some same folk come around here if they can't they steal it {NS} They don't Uh {NS} See nobody giving them nothing won't take what nobody give them that somebody's given them Interviewer: Yeah they don't want to be what to other people 748: Don't want to be appreciative Interviewer: Don't want to be beh- 748: Beholden to nobody Interviewer: Yeah um when you went in the store to the store would the would the storekeeper ever give you something and say it was for say it was for what 748: Well I've had folks give me pieces I've had people oh they'll tell you Uh here ge-ge- Here's a sample Like I went in the store some time {NW} They had little little bit of cake a little bit of pie or something like that they're advertising {NW} And they Here take a here get get you a sample it's a sample take it Interviewer: #1 Yeah or a free they give a free # 748: #2 Yeah yeah # A free gift a sample something Interviewer: Lagniappe or you ever hear that 748: What's that Interviewer: You ever hear of lagniappe or 748: I don't know about that Interviewer: {X} Pile on they just give it to you for a pile on 748: I don't know about that Interviewer: Okay uh now when you took a piece when you made a purchase now the store keeper took a piece of paper and he 748: Well he uh #1 Well I'd use # Interviewer: #2 He'd put the purchase in the paper and he # 748: Well I just he showed me uh Wrapped it up nice or he Interviewer: Okay and when you got home you 748: Just opened it up Interviewer: You 'un- you 748: Unfolded it Interviewer: Okay uh now say a store keeper sold something for two fifty and he bought it for three dollars you'd say he was selling it 748: Cheaper than he bought it Interviewer: #1 He was he was selling it # 748: #2 In other words he # he's selling for less than what he paid for Interviewer: At a what at a he was taking a what on him 748: Well he just Interviewer: Taking a lo- 748: A loss {NS} On his own sale for item for sale Interviewer: Okay now you might admire this tractor or something like that but you might say well I don't think I can buy it because I don't have enough money you'd say 748: Well I said that sometime I Interviewer: It just what it 748: Well I I I I admire it all right Interviewer: But 748: Say it this way sometimes I don't have the money and sometimes I don't Uh {NS} I couldn't use it I could need it I've seen things I need but {NS} Uh there's things I need I can't use like I need a car but I couldn't use it Interviewer: Yeah 748: {NW} Interviewer: Okay or you'd say honey that uh that tractor just uh 748: Well it sure is a good looking tractor but I just Interviewer: But it what it 748: Uh it Interviewer: It's 748: It's a good looking tractor or I'd love to have it sometimes I just well I'd love to have it but I just don't think I can use it after I got it {NW} Or I can't pay the price for it Interviewer: Why couldn't you pay the price because it 748: Ain't got the money too high Interviewer: It cost 748: It costs too much {NS} Interviewer: Uh now um on the first of the month the bill is 748: Well {NW} Interviewer: First of the month is when the bill is 748: First of the month They send out a due bill I call that a well I'm gonna tell you what I call I call that a done but it isn't it's just a notice to Time to pay your bill Interviewer: The bill is 748: Due it's due Interviewer: Yeah do you belong to any clubs 748: What's that Interviewer: You belong to any clubs or anything 748: No I don't Interviewer: Did you ever belong to a club of any sort 748: No I don't {NS} {X} Interviewer: That that sort of thing now when you belong to a club to stay in good standing you have to pay your monthly 748: Well you pay your monthly dues {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 748: Pay to get in there and then pay a due to stay in there {NW} Interviewer: That's a mad thing 748: You bet it is {NS} Interviewer: #1 Uh # 748: #2 I pay the dues to get in there just like an insurance # {NS} I pay insurance {NS} File some insurance well {NS} Uh and so and says I had to pay to get in there I got to pay To stay in there Interviewer: Yeah 748: Got a daughter right now I pay her insurance because she {X} {NW} And I don't know what's going to happen to her and I know that's good insurance {NS} So I just pay I pay seventy-one dollars twice a year right now for her On her insurance {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 748: {X} Insurance takes uh leave her with life insurance {NS} I pay that for her because she {X} And uh I pay it just because she could get sick or something like that and have some protection because I do know She has been down and I know what that company's done for her {NW} First time I carried that Insurance paper to the To the hospital My wife Went to {X} At the hospital And uh I had never heard nobody say except the one that saw it that it's good insurance But I forget what that woman was called at one {X} and I showed her she said oh boy we got something good here {NS} That made me feel good you know That I was carrying a worthwhile insurance And and they did bill Everything they said they'd do they done it They do it Interviewer: Yeah now if you need to cut the grass say and you don't have a lawn mower 748: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 You # You might go over to your neighbors and and what 748: Well now I don't have a lawn mower I might go to the neighbor to try and borrow his mower Interviewer: Uh what about money 748: Well Interviewer: {NW} 748: I need a little money and I ain't got it I go to my neighbor somebody or some {NW} Lend you a dollar I'll lend you four or five dollars something like that Interviewer: Yeah 748: If I get out and ain't got none {NW} Because I have been there 779: {B} interviewer: And your address? 779: {B} interviewer: How long have y'all lived down here? 779: um It will be seventeen years in September. quite a while interviewer: and the name of this community? 779: It's Werner Park. interviewer: Do you know the town? 779: #1 Shre- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: Shreveport interviewer: And the parish and state? 779: it's Caddo Parish Louisiana {NW} interviewer: And where were you born? 779: {X} interviewer: not a good town 779: good town Shreveport interviewer: What area did you grow up in? 779: Shreveport interviewer: This area right here or? 779: No uh this area right not too far from here called Ingleside {NS} I haven't moved very far. {C: laughing} interviewer: and your age? 779: thirty-six {NS} interviewer: and occupation 779: housewife {NS} interviewer: have you ever worked outside your house? 779: no interviewer: do you ever want to? 779: well it may come to that {C: laughing} and if it does I you know I'm willing but I never have {NS} interviewer: and your religion? 779: Baptist interviewer: and tell me about your education um starting with the name of the first school you went to and how long you went 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 there # 779: the first school I went to uh was Claiborne elementary interviewer: {X} 779: um if well it's back over that {X} where I was raised I don't know if you'd actually say it's in Ingleside interviewer: mm-hmm 779: or uh Claiborne they kinda call it Claiborne subdivision I think it's {X} towards where I was raised interviewer: and how long did you go there? 779: six years interviewer: and then talk about your junior high school {C: inferred from context, can't actually hear anything beyond "talk"} 779: uh Lakeshore Junior High interviewer: and how long did you go there 779: uh two years interviewer: that was in the same neighborhood? 779: no it's way over uh I don't know what you'd call that section really the school is on Lakeshore drive I don't know I really don't know what to call that that section of town #1 I could take you if you want me to {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 what about # what about high school? 779: Fair Park Fair Park High interviewer: and you graduated? 779: mm-hmm {NW} interviewer: and did you go to school after that anymore? 779: no interviewer: um tell me about the things that you're involved with if you're active in church or clubs or anything like that 779: well yes we're very active in church {NW} uh I don't really belong to any any clubs you know anything like that uh {NW} was it an I don't know interviewer: hmm does it okay {NS} what what all do you do in church 779: uh well I am uh a sponsor for the first and second grade choir choir sponsor interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and uh interviewer: and that's what you want your little girl to do? 779: my little boy she's in preschool uh my {C: throat clear} boy's in this choir and um well I I I help in um preschool church interviewer: mm-hmm 779: preschool now let me see what else oh uh I work part time in the library at church interviewer: is the library mainly for children? 779: oh no it's for everybody children on up {C: laughing} interviewer: where do y'all um 779: {NW} interviewer: is uh most of this donated or 779: oh no uh-uh uh there there are some donated but we buy a lot of 'em the library and {X} in fact most of them I think you know are bought but then we do have you know some donated as memorials and this kind of thing {NW} interviewer: any clubs? {C: mic bump} outside of church that you {C: mic bump} 779: um no uh we've got the school P-T-A would that be considered interviewer: what about travel have you ever traveled? 779: no {C: laughing} when my mother lived in Pennsylvania we went up there and I've been to Mississippi and course I've been to places in Texas but outside of that that's that's about it interviewer: where in Mississippi have you been? 779: Grenada interviewer: where's that? 779: well uh you know where uh mm Jackson you know where Jackson is it's about a hundred miles I can't tell you where east west or what of Jackson but well you know where Memphis, Tennessee well it's about a hundred miles from Memphis interviewer: oh that's in the valley isn't it? 779: I don't I don't actually {X} interviewer: {X} 779: that's where my sister #1 lived {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 oh I see # 779: {X} ten or eleven years interviewer: tell me about your parents where they lived and all that their education and 779: #1 uh hmm # interviewer: #2 so on # 779: now my mother she was born and raised in Shreveport and uh goodness I believe she went to uh to Claiborne Claiborne elementary too but from and and she graduated from Fair Park but and you know I don't believe they had uh {NS} junior high interviewer: mm-hmm 779: back then so she must have gone I don't know if she went six or seven years you know to Claiborne and then she must have gone straight from there to Fair Park interviewer: did 779: she she did graduate from Fair Park interviewer: did she do work outside 779: oh yes yeah she's still working {C: laughing} interviewer: what does she do? 779: uh {NW} well she's done mostly secretarial work interviewer: for places here in Shreveport? 779: uh yes uh she worked for uh a couple of insurance companies but right off I can't remember the names interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and uh right now she works for Oracle Gas interviewer: where did she when she was living in Pennsylvania huh {C: mic bump} was that with 779: uh yeah she was transferred up there and at the time she was working here with city service interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and they transferred to Pennsylvania interviewer: for what years was that? 779: oh goodness uh {C: laughing / throat clear and mic bump} let me see let's see {X} she came back from that {X} that said she was only sixty she must've you mean now you mean what years did she live up #1 there # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: I told you at church you know she lived up there about six years that was wrong it was two and a half years uh interviewer: #1 on the last your father # 779: #2 {X} # uh no let's see it was in the early it was in the early sixties interviewer: mm-hmm 779: I can't remember anything I think interviewer: well that's close enough um {X} 779: oh yes interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: what about your father? 779: well now he was born in Cason, Texas interviewer: {X} 779: Cason interviewer: mm-hmm 779: I'm not sure uh it's C-A-S-O-N I presume {C: laughing} interviewer: where is that in Texas 779: I do not know {C: laughing} my mother just told me he was born in Cason, Texas and I don't have any idea where it is interviewer: was is that not where he grew up? 779: no he grew up in Bunkie interviewer: Louisiana 779: Bunkie, Louisiana interviewer: {X} 779: {X} interviewer: did did he speak French or? {C: mic bumping} 779: uh no not really {C: laughing} interviewer: what about his education 779: and that is something I cannot tell you about because he he lived in twenty-seven different places while he was a child his father worked for the railroad {C: laughing} and they moved they moved all over the place he went to twenty-seven different schools when he was a child can you imagine so I just don't know anything about where he got his education interviewer: how far did he go in school 779: uh really I do not know that I'd hate to tell you you know that he finished high school because I really don't know my father is dead now interviewer: but you think he got some part of schooling 779: I imagine he did interviewer: what sort of work did he do? 779: uh well he did a lot of different things {NS} he uh he worked for a place called standard brass and that was kind of uh well they had to do with refrigeration and things like that interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and then he worked for uh an electric company Ken electric {NS} interviewer: {X} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: tell us all about your um well first of all what was your mother's maiden name 779: her maiden name was {B} interviewer: and tell me about {X} where they were born 779: uh her mother was born in east Texas and I don't know what place interviewer: did she grow up in 779: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 east Texas? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what was do you know what your grandmother's maiden name was 779: um let me see oh yeah {B} {B} interviewer: how much education did your grandmother have? {C: mic bump} 779: uh I don't know {C: laughing} she did not you know finish high school or anything like that there were twelve children and her father was blind totally blind and her mother of course you know didn't have a lot of help interviewer: do you think you could your grandmother read and write {X} 779: oh yes oh yes she can read and write interviewer: is she still living 779: mm-hmm interviewer: um what sort of work has she done 779: uh the only time I can really remember her working uh is she worked in a factory where they made fishing baits it was just called a bait factory I guess interviewer: {X} 779: uh she's been a housewife most of her life she too has worked a few years interviewer: what about your um grandfather on your mother's side {C: mic bump} TV: {X} 779: um I don't know where he was born and I don't know where he was raised uh I d- I I I can tell you a little bit about uh his now not his father but his mother interviewer: mm-hmm 779: his mother was a full blood Indian interviewer: um 779: {X} I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever meet her? 779: no no she uh I guess she was dead I don't I don't I never saw his mother and father she was a full blood Indian and I know nothing about his father interviewer: {X} 779: {NW} oh yes interviewer: mm-hmm what sort of work did he do? 779: uh he worked for the uh glass factory interviewer: mm-hmm in Shreveport? 779: yes mm-hmm interviewer: what kind of work did he do there 779: uh he worked on this uh great big uh machines I don't know what they're called anyway he did some kind of machinery work interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm {NW} interviewer: do you know um can you trace your ancestry back on the other side? {X} 779: uh if you can turn that off just a minute I can get you something interviewer: okay 779: my son is doing that in school right now I don't know if he's got that with him or not {X} something in school and he's been working on this {X} at least it's my husband I mean my uh yeah my husband's mother's right there interviewer: uh-huh 779: uh interviewer: how are they getting the information from 779: uh from family bibles and you know uh okay let's see my mother's uh okay we have her father's name oh you don't have a {D: photo of him} do you? interviewer: I'm not sure #1 what was his name? # 779: #2 his # his name is {B} interviewer: oh okay {X} 779: oh and here's where he was born are you okay? interviewer: yeah 779: he was born in Atlanta, Texas do you have to know the year? interviewer: no this is {X} 779: place mm-kay and he grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana is what this says oh no he died in Shreveport interviewer: oh 779: #1 excuse me # interviewer: #2 what # does it say where your grandmother was born? your mother's mother 779: uh interviewer: you said east Texas 779: oh yeah here it is Sulphur Springs, Texas I'm glad he had this {C: laughing} okay well let's see here now you would want my grandfather's father's name right {C: laughing} uh let me see {B} I hope I'm going right on this {NS} {NS} interviewer: where was he born? {NS} 779: he does not have the place he's just got the year down here the year is eighteen fifty interviewer: mm-hmm 779: but he does not have a place uh he's got in here that he died in Atlanta, Texas interviewer: mm-hmm your family has all those old bibles? 779: uh my grandmother has one and my husband's mother has one so she was the baby in her family there was about eight or nine children in her family and she was the baby and they always give it to the youngest child and she brought him uh they just went home this weekend they came came back and she brought him this huge family bible and it's really coming apart it's so old it's over a hundred years old and it's got all this stuff in it and my grandmother's um she she just remembers you know some of hers and she's let me look through a lot of them in her bible interviewer: do you have any idea of when your mother's people came to southeastern Louisiana? or before they came 779: when my mother's people come? uh interviewer: how far {X} 779: well he's got uh um on my husband's mother's side he's got he's gone back to the revolutionary war interviewer: gosh 779: so uh he's going back just as far I don't really know you know if they if the teacher has told them that they have to go back you know to a definite time it's just as far back as they can go I guess interviewer: are any of your husband's people from Mississippi? {C: mic bump} 779: no mm-mm uh no his people are from um well his father at least {X} he grew up I don't know where he was born uh but he was born in Glenmora, Louisiana where he now lives interviewer: this is your husband's father? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: {X} what parish is Glenmora in? 779: uh it's in Rapides I believe interviewer: {X} 779: yes mm-hmm it's twenty-five miles on the other side of Alexandria interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and I guess I suppose he moved there it's uh he's just got going there interviewer: {X} 779: evergreen Evergreen, Louisiana interviewer: {X} 779: I don't know interviewer: {X} 779: mm-mm and I had never heard of it until I married into the family {C: laughing} it's this this a little country town is all I know interviewer: {X} 779: yeah but this is Louisiana I know that {C: laughing} interviewer: tell me about your um your grandparents on your father's side {X} 779: uh okay let's {NS} see my father mm gosh right now and that was yeah okay his father's name was uh {B} interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and he was he does not have where he was born he died in Bunkie and his mother #1 his mother's name # interviewer: #2 he was born here in Louisiana? # 779: I really don't know his mother her name was {B} interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and he doesn't have where she was born but she also died in Bunkie interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh do you know what his father did? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: he worked for uh some railroad I don't know which one {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: what did his mother do? TV: {X} 779: she was just a housewife as far as I knew she uh she died when I was still pretty small I don't remember too much about her interviewer: do you have any idea how much education they had? 779: no I don't think his father Yeah I remember him saying something about his father I don't believe his father had too much education seemed like he had to quit school and go to work for some reason and I know nothing about his his mother's education TV: {X} interviewer: now can you go back further than that? if it 779: um well let me see well he's got things on it {X} he was a war soldier {C: laughing} uh no on my daddy's side I believe that's as far as he's gone I mean this is {D: this is} the other one that's a different family interviewer: do you know um what country they came from? {X} 779: uh never mind let me see my grandmother's mother interviewer: Which 779: or her father it's her father on my mother's side interviewer: mm-hmm 779: her father came from Wales we're really we're a mixture {C: laughing} interviewer: do you know any other countries? that you 779: uh no uh now my my grandfather on my mother's side uh his mother you know I told you she was full blood Indian she was kin to Pocahontas and I did not know you know #1 where I came from # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: I really don't know any other country that uh {X} interviewer: what about on your {X} 779: mm no I don't know uh you know except for {C: laughing} I don't I really don't know what country it is that's just we're from or anything interviewer: tell me some more about your husband how old is he? 779: he's forty-three interviewer: {X} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what about his education? 779: uh he finished high school at Glenmora, Louisiana and even came to Shreveport and he graduated from Saint Mary College interviewer: what did he major in? 779: he majored in accounting interviewer: what sort of work does he do? 779: he is a bank auditor interviewer: and where does he work? 779: uh Minden, Louisiana interviewer: is that during {X} 779: uh well he lived there and I think until he was in the fourth grade and then they moved to uh um yeah closer to where his parents live now but then they moved to a little place called Plainview I believe his father was a schoolteacher he's a retired schoolteacher and then from Plainview I believe they they moved several little towns you know down around in there but uh he lived uh at Glenmora when he graduated from from high school interviewer: is your husband very active in church? 779: very interviewer: {X} 779: he is the the department director for our one of our Sunday school departments interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and uh well actually you know he doesn't belong to any clubs or anything like that interviewer: mm-hmm 779: well I don't know you know he being being department director takes up quite a bit of his time interviewer: mostly {X} 779: #1 and he # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 779: yeah uh-huh he is the substitute Sunday school teacher you know if if uh one of his teachers happens to be out interviewer: is this the church that you grew up with? 779: no interviewer: what church did you go to? 779: uh I was a Methodist for thirty-five years interviewer: mm-hmm 779: we've just been over here a year interviewer: what Methodist church did you go to? 779: Wynn Memorial W-Y-N-N Wynn Memorial Methodist and my husband was also going to that same church when we married and he uh he really grew up as a Methodist uh he did go to the Baptist church a little when he was a child because his father was a Baptist and his mother was a Methodist interviewer: what made you decide to {C: mic bump} change churches {X} 779: well because the church we were in it's a it's a ve- it it was a very small Methodist church and most of the people that were left in the church were older people and there was just no you know we were not taking in any any younger members you know you know {NS} and actually our children and one other couple's children were the only children in the whole church interviewer: {NW} 779: that's right and they the children we felt like they were just not getting what they needed you know there was just really nothing outside of Sunday school and church there was nothing for the children and uh we just felt like it was time to make a change you know because it seemed like the church was just and it still is it's just going downhill you know and we feel like you know that it will just soon die out interviewer: so your children are {X} 779: yes interviewer: {X} 779: we have a a big group of young people {NW} we have from little ones on up {C: laughing} our nursery is full of little babies {NW} interviewer: I'd like to get an idea of what the house that you grew up in looked like um you know sort of the names of the rooms and just kind of a floor plan of the {X} 779: oh golly I can't draw interviewer: oh just just like you're looking down on it you know where each room was in relation to the others and 779: well um yeah that oo mercy I can't draw {C: laughing} my son's an artist {C: laughing} he could do this uh well it had a big ol' front porch this this does not look a thing like it interviewer: well just like you're looking down on it just you know the floor- 779: #1 just # interviewer: #2 plan # 779: the #1 floor plan huh # interviewer: #2 yeah # just 779: well let's see it had uh we had two bedrooms like we then had a alright let's see then it was a hall here and the bathroom of course and then this hall wound down here into another bedroom I'm not doing a good job at all {C: laughing} uh okay you got your {sitting room} interviewer: {X} what's this word say how many rooms are there 779: uh one two three four five five rooms and the bathroom and then this hall interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and then this huge front porch all the way across the front of the house interviewer: when you walked in the and there's two rooms in the front 779: there were two front doors yeah interviewer: mm-hmm what was the room on the right 779: the room on the right was the front bedroom and the room on the left was the living room interviewer: and the hall went between those 779: no the hall went between the front bedroom and the back bedroom interviewer: oh I see the hall went #1 parallel to the door # 779: #2 yeah # yeah no {NS} no it it goes the other way like the porch is here {C: laughing} okay here's a door and you go in here well this is the front bedroom and then the hall and then the back bedroom and then the bathroom {X} interviewer: oh I see 779: next we're on the right side of the house okay and over here was the dining room and the kitchen interviewer: uh-huh 779: and the living room and then this big porch goes all the way across here #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: like that {C: laughing} interviewer: how long did you live in that house 779: well hmm interviewer: oh label the living room 779: oh mm-kay {X} {X} uh {NW} we can at least {D: put} this one on TV: {X} 779: uh this room out here was actually it was a den or a sleeping porch whatever that that's what my grandmother uses it for now interviewer: {X} 779: oh this was the dining room wait a minute I've goofed here wait this is the living interviewer: what is a sleeping porch 779: {X} {X} uh it's just a big room and she's got a bed in there now uh I would call it a den {C: laughing} you know even though it has a bed in there she but she uses that room kinda like a bedroom kinda as a bedroom is what she uses is using it for right now interviewer: how is it {D: then} when the rain comes down if you call it a sleeping porch then 779: well uh she had when it was first built uh we used it well I believe she did use it to sleep out there then but on one side of it on one end of it she's got a what she calls a window box and it goes all the way you know across under the windows on that side of the room and then there's a closet well it goes all the way until this closet and then there's a closet right here and she's got uh various things out there {C: laughing} she has an old table she calls a library table which they used to have years ago and then she has her sewing machine out there she's got a dresser out there she has her TV out there and then her bed interviewer: mm-hmm what's the the window box is just a series of windows or 779: uh there's let me see one {C: mic bump} there is actually just two windows up over this window box but there's all of about ten windows in this whole room it's big and then this window box goes under these two windows and then down here at the end there's the closet well over here on this side she has her washing machine interviewer: what is the window box do you know 779: it's just a a big wooden box that's built from the floor up to about right this interviewer: just about here 779: and mm-hmm not well it's not quite three feet maybe it's a little shorter and uh it just has lids with 'em lids you know that open up and you can store stuff in it like a closet only it's not a closet {C: laughing} uh interviewer: what about the library table what's that 779: it's just a I think my grandfather built it it's just a table that's about this high interviewer: about three and a half feet 779: probably something like that and it's about uh it's not as long as this table I'd say about three fourths as long as this table and it's about this wide #1 and it has four le- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: four legs interviewer: about four feet by two and a half feet 779: uh probably interviewer: how is it different from a regular table I mean why is it 779: uh well it's it's different you know from a table that you would eat on because it's not this wide or anything it's not as wide and then the legs about it they uh they don't just they're not just straight down like this they go in and then they're curved out like a foot you know {C: laughing} odd {C: laughing} and uh she's just always called that a library table interviewer: and he built that? table 779: mm-hmm I think he did I know he built some of the furniture that she's still got his thingies tools {X} {X} that's the dining room um interviewer: {X} 779: my grandmother still and and my mother and uh my stepfather have moved moved in with my grandmother because she is eighty-three uh let's see dining room and then this would be the kitchen I'm sorry interviewer: did you grow up with a stepfather 779: no my father died uh let's see daddy has been dead let me see he's been dead twelve years and my mother didn't marry uh the man she's married to now and let me see she's been married five years to him so and then would you like for me to put a sleeping porch or a den? well I have a big room out there we call ours the den my two boys sleep out there because they have to because we just have two bedrooms so #1 that's a pitiful house {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 {X} # oh I'm sorry what about this house that you're living in now 779: draw it? interviewer: yes 779: {NW} you would {C: laughing} oh I I can't draw okay this is the living room and then the dining room and my kitchen it's kind of long like that and then off from the kitchen is the den and then right here is the back bedroom and then the hall let's see I didn't do that very good then just a bathroom and then up here is the front bedroom and that is supposed to be closed up in there {C: laughing} {NW} okay so this is the living room {NW} interviewer: did you ever hear any old fashioned names for living room? 779: uh the parlor interviewer: what did the parlor mean? 779: uh I don't know except that it was just a you know I've heard that since I was a child I just supposed it was a room you know that they used like a living room instead of calling it a living room they just called it a parlor {C: laughing} interviewer: that's not a word you would use yourself? 779: no {C: laughing} {X} interviewer: {X} 779: yeah {C: laughing} interviewer: okay 779: yeah all of this should be you know kind of get it I really made my kitchen too long here I shoulda cut it off but it's it's longer than it is wide so that's why {C: laughing} okay okay interviewer: did you ever um live in a house that had a fireplace in it 779: no uh-uh {NS} not a real fireplace interviewer: what do you call the um thing in the fireplace that the smoke goes up through? 779: chimney interviewer: you know there's an open place that comes down on the floor sort of {D: and it's made of doctors} {C: droning noise} 779: oh uh you're talking about like that connects the ceiling interviewer: yeah what's that called? 779: uh the hearth interviewer: the thing that you set the wood on in the fireplace 779: that you burn the wood on interviewer: you know what I mean? those 779: yeah interviewer: things that fit in there 779: yeah I know what you're talking about um well I don't know what they call that {C: laughing} interviewer: do you ever get people talking about dog irons or uh fire irons {C: motor} 779: yeah yeah interviewer: what is in your thoughts 779: fire irons I suppose {D: uh it sounds more for danger} interviewer: what about the thing that goes up above that you would dust or cloth or something like that {C: motor} 779: the mantle interviewer: mm-kay and say do you want to start a fire what kind of wood might you use to start it with? 779: I don't know {C: laughing} uh me and my my grandmother's parents they had a fireplace and I don't know what kind of wood they just they always had wood you know piled up there I don't know what kind of wood it was interviewer: so what would you call a little piece of real rich wood that you know would would ignite easily you know what I mean like say you're on a camping trip or something 779: yeah interviewer: you get your little piece of this to catch fire real easily did you ever 779: #1 would # interviewer: #2 hear it # called go ahead 779: no I just wanted to say was maybe pine interviewer: mm-kay well did you ever hear it called kindling or lighter or 779: yeah kindling I've heard of that interviewer: what would that be for you would it be a specific type of wood or 779: I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: um {X} a long time ago they could take a real big piece of wood and put that way towards the back of the fireplace and it might burn all night long what do you call that? what would you call this um big piece of wood that you could burn 779: just keep burning {D: me} um interviewer: #1 well what would you call any big piece of wood # 779: #2 I don't know # interviewer: {D: like a beech} 779: uh a block of wood interviewer: did you ever hear of a back log or a back stick 779: heard back log interviewer: what's a back log? 779: I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: um and the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 779: soot interviewer: and what do you shovel out of the fireplace 779: coals interviewer: okay or what else 779: uh ashes interviewer: and talk about things that you have in the house um the thing that I'm sitting in what do you call that? {C: mic bump} 779: chair interviewer: what about something um {X} it's longer 779: couch interviewer: any other names for that? 779: divan interviewer: huh? 779: divan interviewer: what's the difference? 779: uh I don't know {C: laughing} some people just say couch and some say divan that's all I know #1 I've always said # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 couch # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about something you can pull out and make a bed? with it 779: a hide a bed interviewer: mm-hmm what about sofa? 779: sofa interviewer: what's the difference {X} 779: between a sofa and a hide a bed? interviewer: or a sofa and a couch 779: or a sofa and a couch I don't know if there is any difference really interviewer: would you ever use the word sofa? 779: well yes I have used the word sofa I yeah forgot about that {C: laughing} interviewer: what sort of things did you have in your bedroom to keep your clothes in? {C: mic bumps} 779: closet {NW} interviewer: what about before people had built-in closets? 779: cedar chest {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: um I don't know uh interviewer: did you ever see something that was real um maybe your grandmother woulda had a bit this it's this real big thing and it had a shelves in it and a place for hanging clothes made out of wood real kind of essentially a closet that's portable 779: Would it be called a chifforobe? interviewer: uh-huh what what did that look like 779: uh the best I can remember in my mind is just like a big ol' wooden box looking deal with doors and like you say it might have had a shelf or so up you know to put to store things interviewer: did it have a place for hanging the clothes? 779: yes mm-hmm interviewer: did you ever see um anything else like that but maybe bigger than that? 779: mm no {NW} interviewer: armoire or wardrobe? did you have any of those? 779: I've heard of wardrobe but not an armoire interviewer: what's a wardrobe like? 779: uh wardrobe now are you talking about where you put the clothes? interviewer: #1 well how are how do you use that word # 779: #2 {X} # how do I use the word wardrobe? oh well I use it when I'm referring to my clothes interviewer: uh-huh would would you ever use it to refer to the furniture? 779: no not me {C: laughing} interviewer: um what about something that you probably have nowadays that um you keep in your bedroom to to put clothes and things in something just with drawers 779: chest of drawers interviewer: okay anything else? 779: um let's see what was that {NW} did I tell you long ago about that {D: closet down} no I don't ever call it anything except a chest of drawers myself {C: laughing} interviewer: what about something that has {D: a mirror to it} 779: dresser interviewer: okay and something that you can have in windows something on rollers you can put in a window to pull down to keep out the light 779: oh uh are you talking about shades? interviewer: mm-kay and the covering on the house is called the 779: the covering you mean the outside of the house interviewer: top of the house 779: oh a roof {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay and things along the edge of the roof that carry the water off 779: gutters interviewer: are they built-in or do they hang from the roof? 779: they uh hang from the roof interviewer: what about uh did you ever see a house {X} 779: you mean where it goes up and down right here interviewer: and on the roof where it joins {X} did you ever hear a name for that? 779: mm I don't know if I did or not interviewer: what about the space between the ceiling and the roof? 779: the attic interviewer: mm-kay any other names? 779: no interviewer: did you ever have any other names for porch? 779: porch um well now for a small porch I have stoop and that's all I can think of interviewer: what about a you know it's all these old houses that you see that have porches go all the way around the house 779: yeah I don't know what they're called {C: laughing} interviewer: what about a porch off the second floor? 779: a balcony interviewer: mm-kay and did you ever hear a porch called a gallery? 779: no I don't believe interviewer: and did you ever see uh a kitchen built separate from the rest of the house? 779: no interviewer: and a little room off the kitchen where you can store canned goods and things 779: pantry interviewer: say you had a lot of old wood like things like old broken furniture that wasn't any good anymore what would you call it 779: um is it just interviewer: well anything 779: yeah junk interviewer: and what would you call a room that's used to store odds and ends in 779: uh used to store odds and ends uh interviewer: and just like if you had some stuff you didn't know what to do with but you didn't want to throw it out 779: I'd probably call it a junk room {C: laughing} interviewer: okay did y'all have a junk room in your house? 779: well the whole house was {C: laughing} no really and truly we did not have a junk room interviewer: and say if um if your house is in a big mess {X} do what to it? 779: clean it up interviewer: and you sweep it with a 779: broom interviewer: say that the broom was in the corner and the door was open so that the door's kind of hiding the broom you'd say the broom is where 779: behind the door interviewer: and if you have a two story house to get from the first floor to the second you have 779: read that again interviewer: if you have a two story house to get from the first to the second floor 779: you got a stairway interviewer: mm-kay what would you call something like that outside like from your porch to the ground? 779: steps interviewer: and years ago if on Monday when would you get all the dirty clothes together and that's the end of it 779: wash interviewer: mm-kay what about do did you ever see uh people do people do their wash in little old fashioned {X} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: how would they do that 779: well my grandmother uh used to do it in a big ol' black wash pot they would build a fire under it you know and you know get the water real hot and wash in this big black wash pot interviewer: wait this is your mother's mother? 779: my mother's mother interviewer: lived in lived with did she live with y'all or 779: no we lived with her interviewer: okay 779: when I was a child interviewer: did you ever try to do the washing that way 779: no {C: laughing} I don't remember she must have done it like that when I was just a little bitty girl because I don't remember too much about it but uh I know she did do it that way cause I've heard 'em you know say it interviewer: what about um after they they get the clothes washed and dried then it is a 779: clothes washed and dried an ironing interviewer: did you ever sit here and do that {X} 779: yes interviewer: how 779: they had these big ol' heavy heavy iron uh irons {C: laughing} and they would heat 'em on the stove and then they were run an iron while it was real hot interviewer: that seems like it would be so dangerous to me like uh if you drop it 779: yeah have you ever lifted one yourself? they're heavy interviewer: none of them have any sort of insulation or I guess 779: mm-mm interviewer: what would you do just wrap a wrap around it or 779: just put a a hot pad over the top of it now the top of it didn't really get that hot it was a w- kind of a wooden some of 'em had wooden handles and if they had an iron handle of course your hand uh you know put something over it but they were terribly terribly heavy interviewer: um nowadays you could uh send your clothes to the 779: washateria interviewer: mm-kay or what would you call a a building that {D: replaces down} where they 779: cleaners interviewer: mm-kay and talk about the what could you call washing and ironing together you'd say you had to do this 779: the laundry interviewer: did people you'd see use the word laundry? 779: uh you mean back when I was a child? uh not as much as they do now interviewer: what did they say when you were a child? 779: mostly that they just had to do the wash interviewer: mm-kay and say that you wanted to hang up a picture you'd take a nail and a 779: a nail and a hammer interviewer: mm-kay took the hammer and I what the nail in 779: hammered the nail interviewer: {D: fork} I got in my car and I what to town 779: drove? interviewer: mm-kay and you say um he has never what a car 779: driven interviewer: and you say he does know how to 779: drive interviewer: and you know some houses you have um well maybe this house has a {X} each other like this {X} 779: on the outside? this house has aluminum siding interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear another name for siding? 779: uh well what type of siding are you #1 talking about # interviewer: #2 well if # it's specifically made out of wood you know like they used to do would you ever hear it called fireboard or weatherboarding or anything like that 779: no mm-mm interviewer: and if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd ask somebody to 779: shut the door interviewer: and the building that's used to store wood {X} 779: for storing wood uh a wood shed? interviewer: what about for tools? 779: tool house interviewer: mm-kay and a long time ago before people had bathrooms inside what are they called {X} 779: john {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay any other names for this 779: um just toilet that's all I know {C: laughing} interviewer: {X} names or {X} names? {X} 779: you mean to call a toilet? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm no I can't recall right off any interviewer: okay were you ever around a farm {X} 779: uh yes I was uh in the summer mainly interviewer: mm-hmm 779: my grandmother's uh one of my grandmother's brothers had a farm interviewer: where 779: in the country in Bear Creek #1 {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 so where is that? # 779: it's up in east Texas uh if you do you know where Linden, Texas is? interviewer: I've heard of it 779: well anyway uh this is strictly out in the country you go on the Linden highway and then you turn off on a dirt road and you just keep winding through {C: laughing} woods until you come to uh to Bear Creek it's just a little you know community in the country interviewer: how many miles from Shreveport is the {X} 779: uh it's about eighty interviewer: mm-hmm did you spend every summer there or {C: mic bump} 779: no uh we usually went when I was growing up we usually went at least once during the summer sometimes twice but uh we did not spend the summer interviewer: how long would you stay there 779: uh sometimes for a week at a time some- well no we never stayed two weeks about a week is long as we ever stayed interviewer: what was the farm like? {D: like uh} was it very big or 779: uh well yes it was pretty big uh he had uh his garden across the road across the dirt road and on he had all this stuff planted watermelons cantaloupes and he had everything {C: laughing} interviewer: what did you like most out there {X} 779: uh yes they had chickens they had pigs and they had uh a few horses {D: I rode} and they had some cows but I never was wild about animals {C: laughing} not that cow that {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ride the horses or 779: no I didn't want to {C: laughing} interviewer: #1 what is what was some of the buildings they had on the farm? # TV: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 like what # TV: #2 {X} # 779: uh interviewer: where would they keep the animals around 779: well uh the animals just stayed in fences mostly way out uh down behind the house but they had a little house uh just out uh oo it was several feet from the house and they called it a smoke house interviewer: mm-hmm 779: that's where you know they used to smoke their meat and uh let me see if they had any other interviewer: what were the big what was the biggest building they had {X} 779: I guess it was the barn {NW} really he didn't really have all that many buildings {NS} just uh you know he had some little different little buildings where he he kept different things I don't know interviewer: what did um what do you call the upper part of the barn where you can throw the hay 779: the loft interviewer: huh? 779: loft interviewer: mm-kay would you ever talk about a loft of a house? 779: no interviewer: um what about the place where you store corn 779: I don't know interviewer: did you ever hear of a crib or a corn house or 779: a what? interviewer: a crib or a corn house or anything like that 779: no interviewer: what about a building for storing grain did you ever hear of that? 779: I've heard of it but I don't know what you call it {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear it called a granary or a granary? 779: no interviewer: and say if you um if you cut the hay off a piece of land and then the {X} grew back if you cut it again the same year you call that a 779: {D: an opaque root} no what interviewer: if you could sometimes you have hay growing enough to where you can cut it twice in the same year would you have a special name for that where you can cut it twice? 779: {NS} I don't #1 know {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 o- # 779: #1 {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 Okay um # a long time ago when you'd cut the hay off off some land um way back nowadays they bale hay but a long time ago they'd cut it and they'd let it dry and then rake it up in little piles did you ever get a name for the little piles that came after the hay was raked up? 779: a bale? interviewer: mm-kay what about a a heap or doodle or {D: shocker thing} {X} 779: mm-mm interviewer: what about they could take a pole and um and they took the hay and put it around the pole so it got {X} 779: haystack? {C: laughing} interviewer: have you never seen that? 779: uh yes I did interviewer: did you ever see hay kept outside any other way besides a haystack? 779: um no I can't I don't really ever interviewer: and where would the cows be kept? 779: cows? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: well they get kept in the barn {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay where would they graze? 779: out in the pasture interviewer: and did you ever hear of a sort of a makeshift fenced in place out in the pasture where you can shut the cows up? {X} 779: out in the pasture? uh no I don't think so interviewer: what about a {X} or a cow pen to {D: ever mean} that? 779: heard of a cow pen interviewer: what's a cow pen like? 779: #1 I don't know {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 like what do you think of? # 779: a cow pen? I guess where they would just uh hem 'em in where they couldn't get out {C: laughing} interviewer: what about um the place for horses where {D: were they put down} 779: {X} um {X} interviewer: what about a place to shut them up? 779: uh I don't know I can't think of any interviewer: where would hogs be kept? 779: uh in a hog pen {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay and the fenced in place around the barn so the animals can walk around did you call that the 779: where they can walk around? interviewer: yeah just a you know the farm might have a small fenced in place that wouldn't be big enough to be called a pasture 779: yeah oh the barnyard interviewer: mm-kay and the place on a farm when they have a lot of cows and just a commercial um normally they have a lot of milk cows {C: mic bump} that'd be called a 779: a dairy interviewer: do you ever hear the word dairy used to refer to anything else besides the commercial farm {D: workings} 779: dairy let's see I don't know dairy products? interviewer: mm-kay what about um a little building out in the yard where you could store milk and butter? {X} 779: out in the yard? no #1 no # interviewer: #2 where was # um how did people keep milk or butter before they had refrigerators? 779: before they had refrigerators um I guess they just had to get a big block of ice and sit it on there interviewer: you don't remember? 779: no I remember my grandmother the first refrigerator that I can remember her having you know we lived with her uh it had no freezer compartment you know and we would the ice man would come and bring huge blocks of ice about like this you know and put it in the refrigerator and it would it would last for several days you know I don't really remember how long it would last but anyway it would keep the food cold uh let me think if I remember {X} interviewer: did y'all um when you were growing up did in the neighborhood that you lived in did anyone keep animals or you know like some places even though it was a town in town uh you were allowed to keep a cow or a horse or something or a chicken {C: informant coughs, mic bump} 779: um now my father had a chicken he had one chicken {C: laughing} interviewer: just one? 779: he made a pet out of it he could make a pet out of anything and he taught this chicken to walk the clothesline he's {NS} excuse me {X} a chicken uh yeah uh we uh we never had anything like a horse you know or anything like that we had dogs and cats {C: laughing} interviewer: did anyone in your neighborhood kept um were they allowed to keep uh big animals in your neighborhood? 779: no nothing big like a horse or something like that uh-uh interviewer: the place where a chicken could be kept 779: um interviewer: where chickens would be kept? {X} 779: a chicken pen interviewer: mm-kay what about buildings for chickens? did you ever? 779: buildings for chickens? um no I don't know anything about 'em {C: laughing} interviewer: what what would you call something that um a small thing that you can shut say a mother hen and her baby chicks up in? 779: um chicken brooder? interviewer: mm-kay what about a coop or {D: kook} or? 779: yeah chicken coop interviewer: what was that like? or what do you think that is? 779: uh well as I remember well they used to put little bitty baby chickens in 'em it was just a little wi- it was a wire little wire interviewer: mm-hmm 779: cage deal interviewer: they wouldn't put the mother in there with 'em? um 779: uh I don't uh remember seeing the mother in there they would put these little bitty chickens you know in {C: mic bump} there and put a light in there to keep 'em warm and all this interviewer: what would you call a hen on a nest of eggs? and she's waiting for 'em to hatch you know she's a 779: uh well I know what {C: laughing} she's doing is that {C: laughing} uh what would you call her {C: laughing} interviewer: well what would you say she's doing? 779: laying eggs interviewer: did you ever hear of a um called a setting hen or a 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 brooder # 779: yeah setting hen interviewer: mm-hmm if you wanted to make a {C: informant coughs} a hen start laying what could you put in the nest to fool it? 779: a plastic egg? I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: what if it was made out of uh what what would is that made out of? that's 779: glass? interviewer: or another name for that 779: china? interviewer: what would you call an egg made out of that? it wouldn't be a plastic egg it'd be a 779: glass egg or a china egg? interviewer: okay did you ever hear of a china egg? 779: no interviewer: and when you're eating chicken um there's a bone like this 779: pulley bone? interviewer: mm-kay any stories about that? 779: yes {C: laughing} uh let me see now if you break the pulley bone the one that gets the shortest interviewer: uh-huh 779: piece I believe is supposed to get married first interviewer: does that have any truth to it? 779: no {C: laughing} {C: laughing} interviewer: and did you ever hear a name for the short piece or the long piece when you break it? 779: no interviewer: and where would people um keep potatoes and turnips during the winter? 779: you mean people out in the country now? are we back in the country? uh keep potatoes or turnips? interviewer: uh-huh 779: uh a potato bin? mm interviewer: did y'all did people in your neighborhood um have gardens and things or? 779: uh yeah some of 'em interviewer: did y'all ever do that? 779: uh I believe my daddy made a garden one time interviewer: but he didn't usually? 779: no not all the time he didn't interviewer: um what different um well when when you wanna break up the land for planting you break it up with a 779: nowadays they use a tiller interviewer: mm-kay what about a long time ago? 779: a plow interviewer: did you ever hear of different kinds of plow? made for different {X} 779: um mm-mm no interviewer: what about something after you plow you wanna break up the ground finer than that kinda smooth it what what c- could you use? 779: a hoe? interviewer: mm-kay anything #1 else? # 779: #2 {NW} # 779: a shovel? interviewer: what about something that um did you ever hear of a screen tooth? or did you ever hear of a hair or car 779: no interviewer: and do you know anything about raising cotton? 779: no interviewer: do they do that in this part of the country? 779: yes they do you know out on the highways you see it all over the place but I know nothing about it {C: laughing} interviewer: when you you gotta go out with the hoe and kinda thin the cotton out did you ever hear an expression for what you're doing what would you think he's doing there 779: he's thinning it out? uh mm-mm interviewer: #1 what about chopping # 779: #2 I don't know # interviewer: or scraping the cotton? did you ever hear that? 779: probably chopping I don't think they scrape it interviewer: uh-huh what is chopping cotton? or is that something you heard of? 779: I've just heard of it I don't really know maybe they just uh take a hoe and chop it {C: laughing} interviewer: what uh you'd say cotton grows out in the 779: um interviewer: well a big area that's planted you call that a 779: cotton field interviewer: mm-kay what kind of grass grows up in the cotton field? 779: mm what kind of grass like weeds? interviewer: but what different kinds of weeds #1 would you you know # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 {X} # 779: #2 grow # let me see different kinds of weeds I don't know interviewer: say if you had something planted it it wasn't big enough to be called a field what might you call it's just a small area like potatoes or something 779: uh a plot of ground? interviewer: mm-kay and what dif- -ferent kinds of {C: informant coughs or something} fences did people have? 779: uh well they had wooden fences and they had uh barbed wire fences and uh nowadays a lot of them have cyclone fences interviewer: what's a cyclone fence? 779: it's like we've got out there interviewer: is that it's wire or 779: it's wire it's heavy wire real strong interviewer: is there another {C: mic bumps} {D: lick aqueduct} {C: mic bumps} 779: {X} um uh I can't think of it if there is uh interviewer: is that the one that like {C: informant coughs} this 779: yeah mm-hmm #1 it gets sharp huh # interviewer: #2 what about chain link? # 779: chain link fence yeah yeah you can call it some people do call it chain link fence interviewer: but the it's cyclone fence around here? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what about um if you wanted to {C: informant coughs} to set up a a fence you'd have to dig holes for the 779: uh you'd have to dig holes for the uh oh {C: laughing} what do you call 'em? {C: laughing} for the uh {C: laughing} things that hold the fence up {C: laughing} oh dear the poles {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} um what what about a kind of a fence that's made out of wood and they people would have it around their yard and maybe it'd be pointed at the top? it's kind of old fashioned now 779: uh made out of wood? interviewer: uh-huh it has little slats of wood and 779: red wood? interviewer: well no a long a long time ago um they well kinda pointed at the top like that except thinner 779: uh they were white weren't #1 they {C: mic bump} # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: yeah I don't know what you call 'em interviewer: did you ever hear picket fence #1 or? # 779: #2 picket # yes interviewer: huh? 779: yes uh-huh that is a picket fence #1 {D: right there} # interviewer: #2 any other name? # 779: uh no interviewer: what about paling fence or slat fence? 779: never heard of that I've heard of picket interviewer: what about a kind of a fence that would go like this old fashioned made out of wood and going out like that 779: mm you know twine is all I can think of {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a rail fence or Virginia fence or? 779: no mm-mm interviewer: and what is {X} wall made out of loose stone or rock would be called a 779: loose stone or rock just a stone wall or a rock wall interviewer: mm-kay do they have those around here? 779: mm no {C: laughing} interviewer: and going back to the thing a minute ago when you're setting up a fence um you first of all put down the corner what you gonna nail the {X} to say barbed wire 779: the the pole? th- interviewer: or what's another name for pole? 779: um hmm {X} I can't think right now {C: laughing} it does not come to me interviewer: what's what would you dig the holes with? 779: shovel interviewer: {X} did you ever see a 779: um yeah uh {NS} it's got a shovel on each side right? interviewer: yeah 779: a post hole digger interviewer: mm-kay so you dig holes for the 779: for the post interviewer: mm-kay um something you'd carry water in would be a 779: pail? interviewer: mm-kay what's that made out of? 779: uh well they can be made out of tin plastic interviewer: did you ever see something like that made out of say cedar? 779: cedar? no I don't believe interviewer: um what would you carry food to the hogs in? 779: slop bucket? {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay what's the difference between a bucket and a pail? 779: uh a pail has a little spout on it and a bucket does not interviewer: {D: my} a pitcher does to pour you things? 779: mm-hmm sort of like that interviewer: and you could fry eggs in would be a 779: skillet? interviewer: any other names for that? 779: um frying pan interviewer: is there any difference? 779: not that I know of {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever see something um similar to that with little eggs on it that you could put in the fireplace? {X} 779: similar to a skillet? interviewer: uh-huh 779: mm-mm mm interviewer: did you ever hear of something called a spider? 779: no interviewer: and something you could heat the water to {C: informant coughs} make hot tea in would be called a 779: what do you make hot tea in um tea kettle interviewer: did you ever hear of a washcloth reused for clothes called a kettle? 779: yeah interviewer: mm-kay and if you cut some flowers and wanted to keep 'em in the house you could put 'em in a 779: vase interviewer: what would you plant 'em in? 779: what would you plant 'em in? interviewer: mm-hmm to grow 'em in the house 779: oh you mean to plant 'em in for growing them in the house? interviewer: would you call that {C: informant coughs} a vase too or? 779: uh no you'd call it a planter {C: laughing} interviewer: and you were setting the table next to each plate for the person eating it you'd give everybody their 779: now what? interviewer: well like this is called a 779: spoon interviewer: and what else is it 779: knife fork interviewer: mm-kay and you serve steak and it wasn't very tender you might have to put out steak 779: knives interviewer: and the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to go 779: wash the dishes interviewer: and after she washes the dishes to get the suds off she 779: rinses interviewer: and the cloth or rag you use when you're washing? 779: dishrag interviewer: and when you dry them? 779: cook towel interviewer: the thing you use to bathe your face with 779: a washrag interviewer: and to dry yourself 779: towel interviewer: and you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a 779: funnel interviewer: and if you were driving horses and wanted 'em to go faster you'd hit 'em with a 779: uh the reins? interviewer: mm-kay or a 779: whip? interviewer: and nowadays if your lamp wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new 779: light bulb interviewer: and to carry clothes out to hang them on the line you'd carry 'em out in a clothes 779: basket interviewer: and something that they'll make out of uh sugar cane around here 779: something they make out of sugar #1 cane? # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: mm interviewer: 'til it's sticky 779: sugar or honey? interviewer: or like you well what would you put on pancakes? 779: syrup interviewer: mm-kay 779: yeah interviewer: any other names for syrup? 779: molasses {C: Laughs} interviewer: what's the difference? 779: uh I don't know if there is any {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call that? 779: I'd call it syrup interviewer: and did you ever hear of syrup or molasses called long sweetening and short sweetening? 779: mm-mm interviewer: say if you wanted to buy some in the store what would it come in? 779: a glass bottle or it comes in a tin can also if you buy {C: laughing} a big quantity of it interviewer: did you ever hear um a container referred to as a stand? 779: no interviewer: and something that um flour used to come in? 779: used to come in? interviewer: uh-huh {D: fifties gone} flour 779: you talking about a flour bin? isn't isn't that what you put it in? interviewer: what about the big wooden thing? a long time ago 779: #1 maybe flour barrel? # interviewer: #2 you don't see that anymore # mm-kay did you ever see 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: I don't guess they make barrels like that anymore 779: I've never seen one interviewer: I don't think I have either 779: my moth- my grandmother used to put flour in a oh a great big ol' funny looking thing that she would pull out of this ol' uh well it was kind of a thing with uh oh what am I trying to say cabinets in it and I forgot what she would call that thing she's still got that but she doesn't use it for flour but she would dump a whole gob of flour in there and she would she would just pull it out and unscrew a little thingy and get the flour interviewer: she'd have a she'd unscrew something? she had it like in a jar there or what? 779: well it was in poured into a big glass container interviewer: uh-huh 779: and it had a big wide mouth thing right here I don't know what it was called because of the way she gave her flour #1 she doesn't use that anymore # interviewer: #2 I guess it kept it pretty tight # 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {D: like covered} # 779: she did it kept it a long time you know but uh she doesn't need she doesn't I don't know if she even uses that thing but she does use this cabinet thing and it's got a you know a thing like a drainboard made onto it I don't know what you'd call the thing this old-timey piece of furniture interviewer: you know with the the barrel the thing that runs around to hold the wood in place you know it's made of metal you'd call those the 779: band? interviewer: mm-kay any other name for that? 779: mm-mm interviewer: what about something that um well I it can't be {X} what kind of toy that kids would play with {X} 779: #1 a big plastic ring # interviewer: #2 and they call 'em # {D: schoolers} 779: hula hoops? interviewer: did you ever hear referred to the hoops on the barrel? 779: no uh-uh {C: laughing} interviewer: did y'all play with hula hoops? 779: uh no I didn't when I was a child I don't think they even had 'em my children have played with 'em interviewer: I would I just think {X} 779: I couldn't do it now I've tried it when my children would play with 'em and I never could do it alright my kids can {C: laughing} interviewer: what about um something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in? 779: smaller than a barrel? um a keg? interviewer: mm-kay did you ever see a a water barrel or a beer keg? #1 you know the # 779: #2 uh # yeah I guess I did #1 {D: are you} # interviewer: #2 what do you call the # thing that you could turn to get the liquid out? 779: uh I know what you're talking about because a water cooler has {C: laughing} one {C: laughing} uh the faucet? interviewer: okay what would you call the thing out in your yard that you hook your hose up to? 779: hydrant? interviewer: and at the kitchen sink? 779: the faucet interviewer: and if you were taking um corn to the mill to be ground have you done that a lot? 779: yeah {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call the amount that you could take at one time? 779: the amount of corn you could take to the mill uh uh so many ears of corn? Is that what you mean? interviewer: well did you ever hear an expression a turn of corn? 779: mm-mm interviewer: {X} did you ever hear that used {X} {X} 779: a turn? mm no #1 can't say that I did # interviewer: #2 what if you # if you went out and got as much wood as you could carry in both your arms you'd say you had a 779: an armful of wood {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} and on a wagon it didn't have a full load of wood you'd say he just had a 779: partial load? interviewer: did you ever hear people talk about a jag of wood? 779: a jag? interviewer: uh-huh 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and if a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you'd say he was doing what? 779: he's got a load of wood in his wagon? interviewer: uh-huh 779: hmm interviewer: he was would you ever say #1 he # 779: #2 um # interviewer: he's hauling or drawing or carting the wood? 779: mm I'd say he's hauling the wood interviewer: mm-kay and there was a log across the road and say we tied a chain to it and then we 779: pulled it interviewer: or using another word we 779: uh drug it? interviewer: mm-kay you'd say we have what many logs out of the way 779: we have drug many logs out of the way {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} and you say you have to #1 tie the chain # 779: #2 I # interviewer: around it in order to 779: maybe that would be dragged interviewer: {D: what was left what was your following train} 779: I would say dragged interviewer: okay we say we have to tie a chain around it in order to do what 779: to drag it interviewer: and if you wanted to chop a log you might have an X shaped frame like this and you could set the log in and to chop it do you know what I mean? 779: mm-mm interviewer: well like I think it would look something like this here be X shaped maybe and you set the log here 779: oh um to chop it? what and you mean what do you call those things interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 779: #2 fit between # uh I don't know interviewer: what about uh something that's more more common on probably on the one {X} an A shape right? like that and carpenters use it a lot 779: carpenters use oh you're talking about uh a wooden horse? interviewer: mm-kay and something you put in a pistol would be called a 779: bullet? interviewer: or another name for that? 779: uh ammunition? interviewer: or you know these kinds of um ink pens that well they're not too popular anymore but 779: oh a cartridge interviewer: mm-kay and nowadays if you got something at the store the grocer would put it in a 779: sack interviewer: made out of 779: paper interviewer: then something {C: informant coughs} that um flour would come in say twenty-four pounds of it would come in it 779: uh flour sack interviewer: made out of 779: uh well we call- no that's not what we call croker sacks uh do you mean the kind of material? interviewer: yeah would it be cloth or? 779: #1 oh yeah cloth # interviewer: #2 whatever # uh-huh 779: cloth interviewer: any other name for croker sacks? 779: uh let's see croker sacks um hmm you told me that last night didn't you? interviewer: what #1 did you ever hear # 779: #2 {D: I can't} # interviewer: I told you I called this gunny sack #1 did you ever hear it called that? # 779: #2 yeah no uh # I never called it that interviewer: what would come in a croker sack? 779: what would come in a croker sack well all kinds of different things uh I let me see not being around a farm a lot really I don't know but I know they do have different things in 'em uh interviewer: did you ever see potato shoots in 'em? 779: yes yes potatoes interviewer: uh-huh 779: and corn I guess and uh actually and onions interviewer: mm-hmm would you buy 'em at the store for those? 779: #1 no that's # interviewer: #2 croker sacks # 779: not the way I buy 'em interviewer: um say if you opened a bottle and wanted to close it back up you could stick in a 779: #1 to # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 close it back up? # interviewer: #2 {X} # they don't use it anymore but they used to have something you could stick down in there you'd call it a 779: #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 what # 779: know what you mean interviewer: well what's in a wine bottle? 779: a cork? interviewer: mm-hmm would you call something um would you still call it a cork if it's made out of glass like some old medicine bottles used to have or? 779: uh no I don't think so um stick it in the bottle huh? interviewer: well you know like um they have the only place I see 'em nowadays um you know these oil and vinegar things like you use for salad dressing 779: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 and they have the # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: little glass deal uh pharmacies #1 use 'em # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I don't know what you call 'em interviewer: mm-kay but you would call that a cork? 779: no wouldn't call it a cork interviewer: #1 and a musical instrument # 779: #2 call it a # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: huh? 779: I'd call it a lid interviewer: a musical instrument that um you'd blow on like this 779: a flute interviewer: wait no it's only about this long 779: oh a harmonica? interviewer: any other name for that? 779: uh French harp interviewer: mm-kay what about something you do like this? kind of a country thing 779: oh #1 uh # interviewer: #2 you'd put # it in your hold it between your teeth and sort of 779: oh um oh dear what {C: tapping} do you call those things I know I've seen 'em {C: mic bump} interviewer: did you ever hear that called a harp too some kind of harp? 779: yeah I think yeah a small little small deal like a like a big harp interviewer: did you ever hear Jew's harp or 779: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 juice harp # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: juice juice harp {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: it's what I've heard 'em called interviewer: and did you ever see um ever been around wagons or buggies or anything? 779: uh very very little not very much interviewer: if you had a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses you'd call that the 779: you're not talking about the tongue of the wagon now? interviewer: mm-kay and you have a a horse and a buggy then then you don't have a tongue with the buggy you'd have back the horses between the 779: a horse and a buggy interviewer: yeah you'd have a um these small wooden things that come on either side of the horse 779: yeah interviewer: did you ever hear a name for them? 779: no I've seen 'em but I don't know the name for 'em interviewer: and when you have a horse hitched to a wagon the bar of wood that the {D: trace is backing onto} do you know what I mean? 779: #1 yeah I know what you mean # interviewer: #2 you'd have a # looks like um {D: seven years of Y over here} {D: and then you have the stage over here} {X} {D: with one horse it's just over here} and it's got something here and it it {X} 779: mm that's not what you call a bit interviewer: did you ever hear of singletree or swingletree? 779: hmm-mm interviewer: what about doubletree or? 779: hmm-mm interviewer: and the wagon wheels the thing that runs across and connects one wheel to the other is called a 779: connects one wheel to the other? you're not talking about the spokes in the wheel? {NS} #1 excuse me back that way # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: I need to get ready {C: foot noise} interviewer: did you your youngest one how old is she? 779: six I've got one six and one seven one thirteen one sixteen let me unplug this interviewer: okay did she just start to school {C: foot noises} the six year old or is she? 779: she's in kindergarten she was six in January and she'll start in the first grade now what interviewer: this well you have this on a on a car too just the long {X} the piece that connects one wheel to the other 779: #1 oh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: axle? interviewer: uh-huh 779: yeah interviewer: and on a wagon wheel you had the hub and the spokes come out and they fit into the 779: on a wagon wheel? interviewer: uh-huh 779: the spokes interviewer: well like the wheel like that there's the hub and the spokes come out and what do you call the wooden piece that they fit in? 779: uh that's what I call the wheel interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} you know some sometimes it has metal #1 bands around it # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: did you ever hear a special name for that? 779: mm-mm {NS} interviewer: and {NS} you straighten your hair do you use a comb and a {NS} 779: brush interviewer: do you already use that? you say you're going to {NS} 779: brush my hair? {C: ringing noise at loudest} {NS} interviewer: and {NS} you'd sharpen a straight razor using a leather 779: strap interviewer: did you remember seeing those? 779: yes my grandfather used to use 'em interviewer: seems like {C: mic bump} {X} 779: cut? {C: laughing} yeah I don't know how they used 'em but I I used to watch him sharpen his razors on those things and he'd just you know boy he could go fast how I'd have been afraid to myself interviewer: what would you sharpen {C: mic bump} a small knife on? 779: uh well I use my electric knife sharpener interviewer: well back when more people had those so something you can ho- it'd be small enough to where you could hold it in your hand and sharpen a #1 knife on it # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I know what you're talking about it's it's real real rough like uh rougher than sandpaper {C: laughing} oh what do you call those things uh some little block of something interviewer: #1 did you ever hear of a whet block or a whetstone? # 779: #2 can't think of it # yes #1 whetstone's # interviewer: #2 what did you uh-huh # 779: what I've heard of interviewer: #1 what would you sharpen # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: a big tool like an ax on? turn around and around on it 779: hmm I don't know I never saw one sharpened interviewer: and something um say something was squeaking and you had to lubricate it you'd say you had to 779: oil it interviewer: or 779: or lubricate it interviewer: or if you put that hard stuff on it 779: hard stuff? interviewer: what you'd have to do is so your car you have to 779: hard stuff oil it? interviewer: or what do you have to do to a pan before so that food won't stick in it 779: grease it interviewer: and you say yesterday he he did that to his #1 car yesterday # 779: #2 greased # the car interviewer: huh 779: greased the car? interviewer: and grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 779: greasy interviewer: and something that children play on you take a board and it goes up and down like this 779: seesaw interviewer: if you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were 779: seesawing interviewer: did you ever hear another name for seesaw? #1 did you ever hear it called anything else? # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # no interviewer: what about something that {X} and fix it down at both ends and children would jump up and down in the middle of it kinda like a trampoline 779: a board {X} interviewer: joggling board 779: mm-mm interviewer: and you could make a {X} I put it down and it'd spin around and around sorta like a a homemade merry go round 779: flying genie? interviewer: mm-kay did you have those? 779: no {C: laughing} I've seen 'em and I've played on 'em but I didn't have one interviewer: and you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a 779: swing interviewer: and what could you carry coal in? 779: carry coal in? interviewer: uh-huh 779: mm I don't know interviewer: did you ever see those old fashioned stoves? 779: yes interviewer: what would run from the stove to the chimney? 779: from the stove to the chimney you're talking about a flue? interviewer: mm-kay #1 what kind of a # 779: #2 um # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: part that was just is that the flue or? 779: uh well that's what I would call the flue {C: laughing} I believe {C: laughing} interviewer: and something you'd move bricks or something heavy in it has a wheel in the front 779: wheelbarrow? a wheelbarrow interviewer: any other names for that? 779: uh let's see here hmm I have no other names for it interviewer: did you ever hear it called a Georgia buggy? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and something that um people drive nowadays you'd call a 779: car? interviewer: any other names for car? 779: automobile interviewer: and inside the tire of the car they used to have the inner 779: inner tube interviewer: and if you just built a boat and were gonna put it in the water you'd say you were going to what the boat 779: uh not christen no interviewer: but when you set it in the water you say you 779: um oh launch it? interviewer: mm-kay what different kinds of boats do people have around here? 779: uh around here it's mostly fishing boats and we'll some often have ski boats interviewer: what's what different kinds of fishing boats are there? 779: oh gosh don't ask me {C: laughing} uh interviewer: or what what just wooden boats what would what different kinds of just wooden boats? 779: different kinds of wooden boats um well now I'm sure around here not now they don't have uh canoes they don't have them uh I really don't know just plain ol' wooden fishing boats {C: laughing} interviewer: K is it pointed or flat at the end or what? 779: well one end is pointed and at the other end it's straight across interviewer: mm-hmm and do you something people used to burn in lamps 779: {D: Koehler} interviewer: any other name 779: uh mm wait a minute {D: Koehler} um oh I think I know but I can't think of it interviewer: did you ever see anybody make a lamp using a rack in the bottom used coal 779: mm-mm interviewer: did you ever hear of a flambeau? 779: mm-mm {C: laughing} interviewer: and if a child was just learning to dress without the mother {D: going to the clothes and says} here 779: dress yourself interviewer: or she hasn't because she's just not here 779: get dressed interviewer: here what your clothes here 779: put on your clothes interviewer: would you say here is your clothes or here are your clothes or how would you say that? 779: I would say here are your clothes interviewer: and if a child was gonna go to the dentist and he was scared the dentist might say well you don't need to be scared I what gonna hurt you 779: am not interviewer: would you ever use the word ain't? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: do you ever hear that around here? 779: yes interviewer: how would you hear it used? 779: how would I hear the word ain't used? well uh for instance my children {C: laughing} uh they they tell each other I they say I ain't gonna do it {C: laughing} interviewer: and you'd say um if I asked you was that you I saw in town yesterday you might say no it 779: it wasn't I? interviewer: and if a woman wants to buy a dress for a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a 779: sample interviewer: and she sees a dress she likes a lot she'd say the dress is very 779: pretty? interviewer: and a child might say um Suzie's dress is pretty but mine is even 779: prettier interviewer: and something you'd wear over your dress in the kitchen 779: an apron interviewer: and to sign your name in ink you'd use a 779: pen interviewer: and to hold a baby's diaper 779: to hold a baby's #1 diaper # interviewer: #2 diaper # in place you'd use a 779: safety pin interviewer: and a dime is worth 779: ten cents interviewer: and what would a man wear to church on Sunday? 779: a suit interviewer: and if he just bought it it'd be a brand 779: a brand new suit {C: laughs} interviewer: what were the parts of a three piece suit? 779: what are the parts? the pants the coat and the vest interviewer: any other name for pants? 779: trousers? interviewer: what about something that um men used to wear if they were working out around the barn or something and they'd come up 779: uh farmer's pants? {C: laughing} uh you're talking about those little blue jean #1 things? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh I don't know they're farmer's pants {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: uh that's what I would call 'em interviewer: say if you went outside without your coat and you were getting cold and you wanted it you'd ask someone would you run inside and 779: get my coat interviewer: and what it {X} 779: bring interviewer: and you'd say so he went in and he 779: got my coat interviewer: and 779: brought it to me interviewer: and you'd say here I have what you your coat? 779: here I what? interviewer: I have {C: mic bump} what you your coat 779: brought interviewer: and you'd say that coat won't fit this year but last year it 779: it won't fit this year but last year it interviewer: it what perfectly 779: it fit interviewer: and if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them 779: bulge? interviewer: and you'd say that shirt used to fit me but then I washed it and it 779: shrunk interviewer: and every shirt I've washed recently has 779: shrunk interviewer: and I hope this shirt doesn't 779: shrink interviewer: and if a woman likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to 779: dress well? {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay what if she likes to stand in front of the mirror and 779: primp {C: laughing} interviewer: would you {C: informant laughing} say that about a man? 779: some men I would {C: laughing} interviewer: how does it sound? 779: like a sissy interviewer: what would you call a man who likes to primp a lot? who's real conscious of his real vain 779: uh conceited? interviewer: did you ever hear him called a jelly bean? 779: no? uh-uh interviewer: something that you could carry money in would be called a 779: a wallet interviewer: or what else 779: purse interviewer: and something a woman would wear around her neck 779: a necklace interviewer: what are the things strung up together? would be 779: beads interviewer: you'd call that a what of beads 779: you mean a lot of beads? #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 would you call it a string or a # pair of beads 779: I'd call it a string of beads or a pair of beads {C: mic bumps} interviewer: even worn? 779: yeah interviewer: what about something you'd wear around your wrist? 779: bracelet interviewer: and something men used to wear to hold their pants up? 779: suspenders interviewer: any other name for 779: #1 galluses # interviewer: #2 that? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: galluses interviewer: which would you call 'em? 779: suspenders interviewer: and what'd you hold over you when it rains? 779: umbrella interviewer: and the {C: informant coughs} last thing you put on a bed with fancy covers is called a 779: the b- the last thing? interviewer: yeah 779: bedspread interviewer: did you ever hear of um people making bedspreads themselves? 779: #1 uh yes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: yes uh-huh interviewer: were there special names for them? 779: uh mm I don't know I can't think interviewer: did you ever hear of {X} coverlet or 779: coverlet I've heard of coverlet not the other interviewer: what's a coverlet? {C: informant laughing} 779: what is a coverlet? um well to me it's a quilt interviewer: a special kind of quilt or just? 779: no just a quilt interviewer: what about at the head of the bed you put your head on a 779: pillow interviewer: do you remember anything about twice as long as the pillow? 779: do I remember anything about it? no {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a bolster? 779: no interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a lot of company and didn't have enough beds for everybody for the children to sleep on 779: #1 pallets # interviewer: #2 you could # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # how would you do that? 779: uh well you would just either get a lot of uh quilts and blankets and and uh put 'em down on the floor or if you happen to have a a mattress an extra mattress you just put it on the floor {C: laughing} interviewer: do people still make quilts around here? 779: yes mm-hmm interviewer: did you ever make 'em? 779: no because I can't {C: laughing} I've tried once {C: laughing} I can't make quilts interviewer: who makes 'em around here? 779: uh my grandmother has a sister in law that makes quilts well in fact she has two sister in laws that make quilts interviewer: to sell or just for 779: uh they sell some of 'em well in fact they sell most of 'em you know interviewer: are any younger people learning how to do that? 779: #1 uh yes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: there uh I don't think it's you know a real big thing but there are some that are that are wanting to learn to interviewer: talk about um {X} a lot of raised a lot of corn you'd say this year we had a good 779: corn crop interviewer: and you'd say we expect to get a good crop from that field because the soil is very 779: rich interviewer: what's another word for rich? 779: uh um oh no but I can't think um #1 oh rich # interviewer: #2 well if the soil # is rich what might be {X} 779: fertilizer interviewer: mm-kay and if you don't need to add that you'd say the soil is already very 779: you know you know {X} the soil is already very um fertile {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} what different kinds of land are there? 779: you mean like flat hilly? interviewer: mm-kay 779: um mountainous interviewer: what would you call land next to a river? it's kinda flat 779: mm next to a river but flat? um flat land interviewer: did you ever hear it called lowland or bottoms or 779: yeah both of those interviewer: which would you call it? 779: I'd probably call it lowland interviewer: mm-kay and a field that might be real good for raising hay but not much else you'd call that a hay 779: for raising hay? interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 a # hay field? interviewer: what about meadow or prairie? did you ever hear those? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: which? 779: you mean for raising hay? interviewer: well how how have you heard those words used? 779: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: well I've just heard you know say uh people would say uh out on the prairie {C: laughing} interviewer: uh-huh {C: informant laughing} are there prairies around here? 779: I don't think so interviewer: what about meadow? 779: uh well that was just kinda like a uh kinda like a little dell #1 you know # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I've always kind of associated a meadow with a brook you know #1 streams {C: mic bump} # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # as sort of a romantic #1 kind of thing? # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: what would you call land that's got water standing on it most of the time? 779: uh marshes? interviewer: mm-hmm would that be saltwater or freshwater? or would it make any difference? 779: uh I don't know if it would make any difference uh I'd think it'd be freshwater interviewer: what about a real overgrown area that's kind of wet 779: uh brushy interviewer: mm-hmm is there another name for marsh? #1 or something similar to that? # 779: #2 marshes # Everglades? is that what you're interviewer: uh-huh what about swamp? 779: swamp {C: laughing} yeah {C: laughing} interviewer: what's the difference between a marsh and a swamp? 779: mm well to me uh a swamp would be worse than a marsh {C: laughing} a marsh would to me would just be kinda uh you know well the maybe the water's kinda standing and and muddy like and a swamp would really be a swamp interviewer: would 779: #1 it would # interviewer: #2 the # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # marsh have trees in it or? 779: well yeah it could have some trees but a swamp to me would be uh just a real swampy place you know with a maybe uh a place you know a pretty big place with water where the water was kinda deep and had snakes and stuff like that in it {C: laughing} interviewer: there's um {C: informant coughs} if you wanted to get the water off a swamp or marsh what would you say you had to do? 779: drain the water? interviewer: uh-huh what would you dig to get the water off? 779: what would you dig? uh interviewer: #1 or you # 779: #2 just # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # oh a trench? interviewer: uh-huh 779: #1 to drain it # interviewer: #2 what # what would you call something like a trench only it's it's bigger? 779: a ditch? interviewer: uh-huh anything else? 779: uh a ditch uh I can't think mm-mm interviewer: and what different kinds of of soil are there? {C: mic bump} 779: you mean like you know like fertile soil and interviewer: what kinds of soil do you have right around here? 779: not very fertile {C: laughing} uh really I don't know interviewer: probably like sand or 779: uh well we do have sand we have sand and um and we have uh soil you know that's you know heavier interviewer: what do you call that real sticky kind? 779: the real stick- mud interviewer: {X} of gumbo or buckshot? 779: no interviewer: what about what would you call a real rich soil that's good for planting? 779: fertile? interviewer: what about loam or loamy? did you ever hear that? 779: never heard of it interviewer: and say if you had a heavy rain and water {C: informant coughs} cut out a little area washed some of the land away you'd call that a 779: erosion interviewer: or what it cut would be a little 779: trench? interviewer: mm-kay what if it's real big? it washed a lot of water land away something real deep in there 779: um a ditch? {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a ravine or 779: oh yes yeah a ravine uh-huh interviewer: what's a ravine? {C: mic bump} 779: uh well to me it's just a it's just a real deep uh place in the earth you know interviewer: what about a gully? #1 did you ever hear that? # 779: #2 yeah # gully have I heard of a gully {C: laughing} interviewer: what 779: what would I call it? I'd probably call it a gully {C: laughing} interviewer: is that the same as a ravine? 779: well I always think of a ravine as being deeper than a gully really interviewer: what would you call the things along the edge of the road to carry water off? 779: oh uh a manhole? interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a um some water flowing along you'd call that a little 779: stream interviewer: mm-kay what else besides a stream? 779: um interviewer: what if it's fairly big? 779: uh it's uh {X} uh I really can't think mm a river {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: a river of water interviewer: if it's smaller than a river what would it be? 779: uh a lake? interviewer: mm-kay where would people go fishing around here? 779: uh you mean you want the names of the lakes or? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: you want the names of the lakes uh Cross Lake um Toledo Bend Dam um uh Caddo Lake? um well there's another one right now that starts with a B but I can't think of it interviewer: what flows into the lakes? 779: what flows into 'em? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: streams? is that what you mean? streams? interviewer: what about a creek or crick 779: creek a creek not a crick interviewer: how does crick sound to you? 779: funny {C: laughing} interviewer: what are the names of some of them? creeks around here 779: creeks uh I don't know interviewer: what about a bayou or bayou 779: yeah #1 ba- bayou # interviewer: #2 what # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: or a bayou interviewer: what are the names of some of them around here? 779: well goodness I don't really know {C: laughing} interviewer: what's the difference between a bayou and a creek? 779: uh I don't know that there is a difference really they're just a little stream you know and a small place of water interviewer: and uh say if you had some a stream that's flowing on and it dropped off and went on over several feet you'd call that a 779: waterfall interviewer: is there a place where boats stop and where freight's unloaded it's called a 779: dock interviewer: and a small rise in land would be called a 779: hill interviewer: any other names for hill? 779: mm uh I can't think of another name for a hill of course there's mountains interviewer: uh-huh to open a door you'd take hold of the door 779: knob interviewer: did you ever use the word knob talking about land? 779: no interviewer: and the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp is called a 779: #1 the rocky side of the mountain? # interviewer: #2 yeah that # goes over 779: #1 cliff? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # mm-kay talking about several of those you'd talk about several 779: you mean several cliffs? interviewer: mm-kay and up in the mountains {D: well not not now} still up in the mountains a low place between the mountains would be a 779: a low place between the mountains a ravine? interviewer: mm-kay and gunfighters on television for every man that they'd kill they'd cut a little in their gun 779: notch interviewer: and what different kinds of roads are there around here? 779: uh well there's blacktop there's dirt roads there's paved roads interviewer: what's the blacktop made out of? 779: asphalt interviewer: is there another name for that? 779: asphalt? #1 mm-mm mm-mm # interviewer: #2 what's the real sticky # black stuff? 779: talking about oil? interviewer: or from a pine tree 779: oh rosin? interviewer: uh-huh what about tar? 779: tar {C: laughing} yeah well uh yeah we have tar roads that's that's what I was calling dirt roads there's tar roads interviewer: what's the difference? the dirt roads and tar roads are the same? 779: well they are to me around here because like these dirt roads I'm sure you've been on some of 'em when they when they grate 'em up in the summer well then they after they grate 'em up several times and then the they go around with this black black tar and it's the final thing that they do to 'em interviewer: does that surface last longer? 779: not very long no they get big old holes in 'em after a while they're terrible interviewer: what about the little rocks they put on those? that's called you know what I mean? 779: the little rocks? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: you mean like I have out there in my driveway? interviewer: mm-kay 779: um gravel? interviewer: uh-huh what do you call the roads that are they're paved and they're white on the top they don't do it much anymore 779: paved and white on the top um interviewer: well the the thing along the edge of a road that people walk on would be a 779: shoulder interviewer: or of a street in town 779: oh a sidewalk? interviewer: and the roads that are are made out of the same material as sidewalks 779: uh paved interviewer: mm-kay 779: paved roads interviewer: what do you call the strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? 779: between the sidewalk and the street? interviewer: you know what I mean? 779: yeah I know what you mean do you mean what I call it or? uh I just call it a strip of grass interviewer: um what would you call a road that out in the country that a road that turns off the main road? 779: a side road? interviewer: and a road that leads up to a person's house? 779: a driveway? interviewer: uh-huh what if there's um out in the country say a a road that goes between {X} um it goes they have trees on both sides? do you have a special name for that? 779: {X} trees on both sides mm mm-mm interviewer: did you ever hear of a lane? 779: yeah interviewer: what do you think about it? 779: uh just a little road {C: laughing} interviewer: you'd just call that a 779: I'd call it a lane I guess or a road interviewer: there wouldn't have to have anything on each side? to be a lane? 779: not necessarily interviewer: say if you were walking along a road and an animal jumped out and scared you you'd say I picked up a something hard I picked up a 779: you mean {D: teeth in} uh something hard? interviewer: yeah I'd pick up a 779: rock? interviewer: and I did what? 779: threw it at the animal interviewer: anything else you'd say besides threw it? 779: well what do you mean like throw? interviewer: well do you ever say chunked it or pitched it or #1 anything like that? # 779: #2 no # I don't interviewer: and if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered you'd say well I guess he's not 779: at home interviewer: and and if someone that comes to the um to see you and your husband {D: mad about the yard} you might say well he's what in the kitchen he's 779: busy interviewer: #1 mm-kay and where? # 779: #2 he is # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # busy in the kitchen interviewer: and if someone's walking in your direction you'd say he's coming straight what me 779: at me interviewer: or he's not walking away from you he's walking 779: straight to me interviewer: what's another way of {X} would you ever say toward you toward 779: yeah towards me interviewer: mm-kay you went into to to town and happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to run 779: run into interviewer: and the child's given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child 779: after her mother interviewer: and something that people drink for breakfast would be 779: coffee interviewer: and what kind of pudding um well thanksgiving what is a {X} you'd say I have to go 779: perk the coffee interviewer: and talk about putting milk in your coffee you'd say some people like it how 779: with cream? interviewer: we're talking about milk some people like it 779: mm I don't know what you #1 mean # interviewer: #2 well instead of # that cream they some people #1 like it # 779: #2 with milk # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: and other people like it 779: with cream? interviewer: and if you don't put milk or sugar in your coffee you'd say you drink your coffee 779: black interviewer: any other names for black coffee? 779: mm uh some people say you drink it black some people you'd say you just drink it straight interviewer: do you ever hear people say drinking coffee barefooted? 779: no interviewer: and you'd um tell a child now you can eat what's put {C: background noises} before you or you can do you can eat that or you can just do 779: or you can leave it alone? interviewer: mm-kay what's the opposite of with? 779: the opposite of with? without interviewer: and talking about distance you'd say well I don't know exactly how far away it is but it's just a 779: a good distance interviewer: mm-kay or he lives just a little what down the road? just a little 779: a little ways interviewer: mm-kay did you ever say a little piece? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you 779: just say a little piece down the road interviewer: and if you'd been traveling and still had a couple a' hundred miles to go you'd say you still had a 779: long way interviewer: and could something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you could find that just about 779: anywhere interviewer: and if someone slipped and fell this way he fell over 779: backward interviewer: and this way 779: frontward interviewer: or another way of saying that backwards and 779: frontwards interviewer: and say if you'd been fishing I asked you did you catch any you might say no what a one 779: now what? interviewer: if if I ask you did you catch any fish you might say no what a one 779: no I caught one? interviewer: but do you ever say um nary a one? 779: #1 no # interviewer: #2 have you heard of that? # 779: yeah I've heard of it #1 I don't say it # interviewer: #2 how would you # how would you hear that? 779: just like you used it or you know I've heard of I've heard of people say nary a one interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: funny interviewer: and when you're #1 plowing # 779: #2 sounds old fashioned # interviewer: mm-hmm when you're plowing the trenches that the plow cuts you call those the 779: the rows? I mean interviewer: what about the furrow? 779: the furrows? interviewer: uh-huh 779: yeah interviewer: did you ever hear a special name for the horse that walks through the furrow? 779: special name for the horse um mule? interviewer: mm-kay two of those hitched together you'd call that a 779: team? interviewer: and before you can hitch a horse to a buggy or a wagon what do you say you have to do to it? 779: you have to do to the horse? before you can hitch it? interviewer: well what do you call the what you everything you put on it that thing 779: saddle? interviewer: well with a wagon though you wouldn't saddle it would you 779: the bridle? um #1 you can # interviewer: #2 um # 779: see I'm a country girl interviewer: would you ever say {C: informant laughing} you have to gear him up or harness him or? 779: harness yeah put the harness on him interviewer: mm-kay and when you're driving him you hold the 779: reins interviewer: and when you're riding on him you hold the 779: reins interviewer: and your feet are in the your feet #1 harness # 779: #2 hmm? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: #1 when you're # 779: #2 oh in the stirrups # interviewer: mm-kay and you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you did what to it 779: cleared it interviewer: and wheat is tied up into a 779: a bundle interviewer: mm-kay and then they're piled up into a 779: uh I don't know interviewer: how about how much wheat you raised to an acre? you might say we raised forty 779: how much wheat you raised to an acre? interviewer: yeah forty what of wheat? 779: forty acres interviewer: or or what's a quantity that you'd you know there's baskets {X} 779: #1 bushel baskets? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: forty bushels? interviewer: and what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of 'em? 779: oats is that thresh? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say the oats what threshed oats 779: hmm? interviewer: #1 would you say # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: oats is threshed or oats are threshed or {C: pronunciation} 779: oats are threshed I would say interviewer: mm-kay and there's something that we have to do today just the two of us you could say we'll have to do it or you could say if you don't use the word we you could say 779: I? I have to do it? interviewer: talking about us though 779: talking about both of us? interviewer: uh-huh would you ever say me and you or you and I or I 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {D: would} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh you and I interviewer: mm-kay and if you're talking about your husband and yourself {X} 779: my husband and I interviewer: or he and I or me and him or what would you 779: uh well I would say um my husband and I or me and my husband interviewer: mm-kay and if you knock at the door and somebody answers there and you know that they'll recognize your voice you might answer it's 779: it's me? {C: tape fading} interviewer: and it's if I ask you um was that John at the door you'd say yeah it was 779: it was John? {C: tape fades} interviewer: from if I asked you was that John at the door you might say yeah it was 779: he interviewer: mm-kay is that what you'd probably say? 779: yeah {NW} {D: I think so} interviewer: what if it was a woman? you'd say it was 779: it was not John interviewer: or it was would you say it was her or it was #1 she # 779: #2 it was she # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: and if it's two people you'd say it was 779: them {NW} interviewer: {X} which would you probably say? 779: I would probably say it's- it was them interviewer: and talking about how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall as 779: I interviewer: well I'm not as tall as 779: he interviewer: and he can do that better 779: than I interviewer: and if you're gonna {C: cough} to Texas and hadn't gone any more west than that you'd say Texas is what that I've ever been 779: the fartherest interviewer: and if something belongs to me you'd say it's 779: mine interviewer: or I ask you is this is this uh if something wasn't mine I'd ask you is this 779: yours interviewer: and if it belongs to both of us it's 779: ours interviewer: and to them? 779: it belongs to them interviewer: it's 779: theirs interviewer: and to him? 779: his interviewer: and to her? 779: hers interviewer: do you ever hear people say things like his'n or your'n or how would you hear that? {X} 779: well for instance like uh you'd say you know somebody would say you know here they'd {C: bump} say it's his {NW} interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: very uneducated {C: laughing} countryside or {NW} interviewer: do you hear that around here much? 779: no interviewer: and if there's a group of people at your house and they were getting ready to leave you'd say well I hope what come back again {C: mic bump} I hope 779: I hope you come back interviewer: would you say you when you're talking {C: informant coughs} to a whole group? 779: probably say you all that's just what southerners do interviewer: would you ever use the word you all to just one person? 779: no interviewer: say that the group at your house is {X} about their coats you know everybody's coats you'd say where are 779: your coats? interviewer: would you ever say y'all's or you all's coats? 779: not y'all's interviewer: how does that sound? 779: it doesn't sound right no I'd probably say where are your coats? interviewer: and if there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and later you were asking about the people that had gone you might ask someone 779: now read that again I'm sorry interviewer: if there was a party and you hadn't been able {C: informant coughs} to go to it and you were asking about the people that had gone you might ask someone who was at the party what would you ask them? you wanted to know which people had gone {X} 779: who went to the party? interviewer: what about who all went? 779: well yeah {NW} Who went to the party or who all went to the party? interviewer: and if there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family you might ask about their 779: that belong to more than one family? interviewer: children are they you'd say 779: whose children are they? interviewer: what about who all's children are they? 779: no interviewer: and if you're asking about all the speaker's remarks you know everything that he said you'd ask someone 779: I didn't understand that interviewer: if if someone had given a speech and you hadn't been able to listen to it and you wanted to find out the content of it you might ask someone 779: what the speech was about? interviewer: would you ever say what all did he talk about? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you say that? 779: What all did he talk about? interviewer: and you'd say no one else will look out for me you'd say they've gotta look out for 779: themselves interviewer: and if no one else will do it for him you'd say he better do it 779: for himself interviewer: and something made out of flour and baked in a loaf 779: bread interviewer: and what different kinds of bread are there? 779: um there's um white bread whole wheat bread rye bread um cornbread interviewer: what do you put in white bread to make it rise? 779: yeast interviewer: and you'd say there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's 779: there's uh interviewer: what you get at the store you'd call that 779: bakery bread interviewer: and what different um things are made out of cornmeal? 779: cornbread um oh great so many things cornbread is the main thing I make out of it but there's there's lots of things you can use to make out of cornmeal interviewer: what about taking cornmeal and flattening it out in your hand and it's kinda long what would that be? do you ever do that? 779: you mean making cornbread? it's hot water bread interviewer: what's hot water bread? 779: well you take uh meal and you put you on some water and boil it and get it hot I mean you know boil it and then you pour just enough into your meal to you know make it stick real good and then you make you pat it out kinda long like you were talking about and fry it interviewer: and you call that? 779: either it's called fried cornbread or hot water bread interviewer: what about something you can eat with fish made out of cornmeal 779: hush puppies interviewer: mm-kay how do you make those 779: {D: How do I make those?} well they're made very similar to the hot water bread or the uh fried cornbread except instead of making that long you roll it into little balls interviewer: what do you have in it just 779: #1 cornmeal and salt # interviewer: #2 cornmeal and # 779: and hot water interviewer: what about um something that that takes cornmeal and salt and water and you sort of boil that all together and make something you eat with a spoon 779: grits cornmeal and what? what'd you say? interviewer: yeah well cornmeal though cornmeal and salty water 779: in hot water? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: pouring it in hot water? stir it up I've made grits quite similar to that {X} interviewer: what about mush or couscous #1 do you ever hear that? # 779: #2 mush # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I've never heard of couscous interviewer: what's mush? how do you eat that? 779: it's the same thing as grits interviewer: something that um people it's made out of corn and it's um you'd s- soak the corn in a lye and get the 779: Soak it in lye? interviewer: Quite similar to grits 779: #1 similar to grits # interviewer: #2 it's # the whole kernel 779: Similar to grits. but it's the whole kernel um interviewer: it can be either white or yellow {D: instead of in a can maybe but} 779: canned corn interviewer: what about hominy? 779: hominy yeah interviewer: how's hominy different from grits? would you use it to mean the same thing? 779: well no uh if I buy canned hominy you know it's not like grits {NW} I don't buy it much cuz they don't eat it interviewer: did you ever see people make hominy? 779: no interviewer: and talk about how much flour might be in a sack you'd say a sack might contain five or ten 779: pounds interviewer: and something that is round and has a {C: informant coughs} hole in the middle 779: a donut interviewer: are there different names for those? or different kinds? 779: uh yeah I guess so um I just call 'em donuts interviewer: what about um something that people eat for breakfast that's fried and it's got 779: bacon? interviewer: well no something that um you'd put syrup over 779: biscuits interviewer: what else? 779: um interviewer: what do you make up of batter and fry? {D: three to four of these} 779: mm interviewer: you know just um 779: of batter? and fry interviewer: yeah and you make up a batter and you 779: oh pancakes I'm sorry yeah I make 'em all the time interviewer: is there another name for pancakes or something similar 779: flapjacks interviewer: is that the same thing? 779: yeah I guess interviewer: which would you call it? 779: pancakes interviewer: and do you ever hear of um a corn dodger? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what's that? 779: I don't know I don't know interviewer: how have you heard people 779: I've just heard that word I don't know what it is what it means corn dodger oh wait a minute yes I do too my grandfather used to say it he was talking about cornbread interviewer: just the same thing as #1 cornbread? # 779: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # he used to call it corndodger interviewer: which #1 grandfather was that? # 779: #2 sure did # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # that was my mother's father interviewer: the inside part of the egg is called a 779: yolk interviewer: what color is that? 779: yellow interviewer: and if you {C: informant coughs} cook them in hot water you call them 779: boils interviewer: boils 779: boiled eggs interviewer: what if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells into hot water? 779: poach 'em? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever do that? 779: yeah {C: laughing} not too much but I do interviewer: and the kind of animal that barks is called a 779: dog interviewer: you wanted a dog {C: informant coughs} to attack another dog what would you tell 'em? 779: you want one dog to attack another dog? interviewer: or uh 779: sic him? interviewer: mm-kay what would you call a mixed breed dog when you didn't know what kind it was? 779: um now what do you call 'em uh {NW} just a mixture interviewer: what about a small noisy dog 779: what do you mean? #1 I don't know what you mean # interviewer: #2 do you have a # special name for a 779: a small dog? uh well you mean like a toy terrier #1 or a # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: toy poodle or interviewer: what about {X} do you ever hear that? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what would that be? 779: well there is a small dog called a feist isn't there interviewer: it's a breed? you think? 779: yeah I think interviewer: what about a uh just a worthless dog what might you call him? 779: a mutt interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a mean dog you'd tell someone you better be careful that dog'll 779: bite interviewer: and yesterday the dog 779: bit interviewer: and the person had to go to the doctor after he got 779: bitten interviewer: do you ever say after he got dog bit 779: huh? do I ever what? interviewer: would you ever say after he got dog bit? 779: no interviewer: how's that sound? 779: well it sounds uneducated {C: laughing} interviewer: and the animal that you milk is called a 779: cow interviewer: what do you call the male? 779: the male cow? um bull interviewer: was that word nice to use when you were growing up? {X} 779: well no not especially #1 my mother # interviewer: #2 what # 779: was pretty strict on us interviewer: what would you say instead of bull? 779: aw shucks interviewer: uh-huh what about referring to the animal though? was it #1 could you use the word bull when referring to the animal? # 779: #2 oh yeah yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # when referring to the animal yeah interviewer: and the little one when it's first born is called a 779: calf interviewer: and if it's a male it's a 779: hmm hmm you've got me there I can't think interviewer: well what do you call a female calf? 779: I know I've heard both of 'em but it does not come to me interviewer: #1 say if you had a cow that's huh # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I can't think interviewer: if you had a cow that's expecting a calf you'd say she was going to 779: have a calf interviewer: any other ways of saying that? 779: have a baby interviewer: and you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses 779: ride interviewer: yesterday {C: informant coughs} he 779: rode interviewer: and I had never 779: ridden interviewer: and if you couldn't stay on you'd say you fell what's that word 779: off off interviewer: mm-kay say the whole thing you fell 779: #1 fell off the horse # interviewer: #2 off # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and say a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I must have 779: fallen off the bed interviewer: and the male horse is called a 779: male horse it's not it's not a buck is it no that's something else male horse interviewer: do you ever go to races? 779: no interviewer: when did they open the racetrack here? 779: last uh last year it's been about a year ago last spring I guess it was interviewer: was that a um local thing that people voted on? 779: yeah yeah we never we never had one here until now interviewer: how do people feel about it is it pretty popular {X} 779: yeah lot of people you know were for it and a lot weren't and I myself I was not because we just don't believe in that sort of thing you know interviewer: cuz it's criminal and all that business {C: informant coughs} 779: well that yeah that's a lot of it interviewer: when did what months is the racetrack open? is it open now? 779: uh no it's not open right now uh I don't know when it opens back up it closed you know I forgot even when it closed but it's been closed {X} I don't pay much {C: bump} attention to it because we don't you know we just don't keep up with that sort of thing but um you know that was before they actually decided to build one there was a big stink about that interviewer: were most of the churches opposed to it? or 779: uh interviewer: how did it get I mean if like in they're trying to do the same thing in Georgia but um particularly in the well conservative sections you know out outside of Atlanta um you know the churches were were just very opposed to it and I don't see how it you know would ever get 779: yeah well uh so far as I know now I know the church we're in they were mostly opposed to it you know and as far as I know most of the churches were opposed to it but um you know there's so many people that are outside of the churches really I mean there's more outside than there is in {C: bump} so uh I guess that's how it came into being but but uh interviewer: has it been {X} horse stables and farms and all of that here since 779: I don't know I really don't know but I know I've seen a lot more of people with horse trailers on the backs of their cars and they're all heading towards Bossier City interviewer: #1 is that where the racetrack is? # 779: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 Bossier City? # 779: #2 it's over in Bossier # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: are y- people living in Shreveport allowed to vote on Bossier? 779: #1 nuh-uh # interviewer: #2 they # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 no # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: it's like two separate cities they call 'em the twin cities because it's just separated by Red River you know you can go on the bridge and you're right course now you can go down I twenty and get over there but uh they call 'em the twin cities but it's actually you know #1 it's two {C: tapping} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: separate cities {C: tapping} but this is you know when we have elections you can only vote if you live here in Shreveport interviewer: kinda seems like that would be like fair I'm not I mean like in Atlanta they if you work in Atlanta and you have to pay and they vote and have you know some taxes or something you wouldn't be allowed to vote so uh if you could you know 779: mm-hmm interviewer: but you would be the one paying taxes #1 you know # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: you have the same sort of situation between Shreveport and Bossier City 779: you know they have their elections and we have ours interviewer: um how would you call a female horse? 779: is that a filly? interviewer: what if she's grown? {X} 779: I don't know interviewer: and things they put on a horse's feet are called the 779: on a horse's feet? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: horseshoes interviewer: what do you call a game you play with those? 779: with horseshoes? um just throwing horseshoes I don't know does it have a name? interviewer: do you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 779: yeah interviewer: what was it called? 779: ring toss interviewer: mm-kay and the thing that you put the shoes on the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on they're called the 779: oh the hooves? interviewer: mm-kay and you talking about just one you'd call that one 779: hoof interviewer: and the male sheep is called a 779: the male sheep a ram? interviewer: mm-kay what about the female? 779: um female sheep I can't think interviewer: what do people raise sheep for? 779: for wool interviewer: do they have sheep around here at all? 779: mm well I guess you know out on some of the farms they probably do but not really in here {D: that's it why I don't} interviewer: what about the animals you get pork from those are 779: pigs interviewer: when they're full grown they're called 779: when they're full grown? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: pigs I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: any other names for pigs? 779: uh well when they're babies some people call 'em piglets but I don't know what you call a full grown pig interviewer: what what would you call a female? 779: female pig uh is she the one that's a sow? interviewer: mm-kay and the male? 779: I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call one that um grows uh grows up out in the woods a wild one 779: oh a razorback pig? #1 is that a name for that? # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about hogs do you ever use that word? 779: yeah sometimes interviewer: how do 779: well instead of calling 'em pigs just call 'em hogs interviewer: do you make a distinction between hogs and pigs? 779: no #1 not really # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # {D: if Harrison a hog head on his back} 779: um a hedgehog? you mean what kind? interviewer: no the well like you know on a hairbrush 779: yeah bristles interviewer: mm-kay and the big teeth that a hog has 779: big teeth interviewer: or an elephant has 779: oh um interviewer: it comes out {C: tapping} you know 779: uh yeah I know um not his tusk? interviewer: mm-kay 779: pigs don't have tusks do they? interviewer: some of them long ones 779: they do? I know elephants do but I never heard of a pig having tusks hmm interviewer: #1 what are things # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: you'd call the things that you put the food in for the hogs 779: um trough? interviewer: mm-kay talking about several of those you'd talk about several 779: troughs interviewer: and say if you had a {C: cough} a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a male what would you say you were gonna do to him if you don't want him to be used for breeding? 779: uh for pigs? uh it'd be spayed pigs {NS} interviewer: mm-kay any other ways of saying that? 779: uh I don't I don't know I don't really interviewer: what would the pig be called then? 779: the male pig? interviewer: mm-hmm if you had done that to him 779: what would it be called? like do you mean like sterile? interviewer: well do you ever hear him called uh a barrow or a barrow 779: mm-mm interviewer: and say if you had some um horses and mules and cows and so forth and they were getting hungry you'd say you had to go feed the 779: some horses and mules? interviewer: yeah just 779: cow interviewer: what general name would you have for #1 all those # 779: #2 animals # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: what about stock or cattle or 779: yeah stock or cattle or animals any of that #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # and what if you're talking about chickens and turkeys and geese you'd say you had to feed the 779: um chickens and turkeys and geese interviewer: what general name would you have for them? 779: probably chickens interviewer: mm-kay and if it's time to feed the stock and do your work you'd say it was what time 779: um time to feed 'em feeding time interviewer: and the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned 779: Is that bleating? interviewer: mm-kay what about a cow? 779: same thing I guess #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what is the # noise that the cow makes when she's hungry? 779: I didn't know she did interviewer: uh what noises can cows make? when 779: well they can moo interviewer: mm-kay and #1 {X} # 779: #2 do they moo when they're hungry? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: they don't have cows in Shreveport {D: that much} 779: they do but not around me {C: laughing} interviewer: what noise does a horse make? 779: um he whinnies? interviewer: mm-kay and and how would you call a cow to get her on out of the pasture? 779: gosh here cow interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laugh} did you ever hear anyone call have a special call for a cow? 779: uh I know they do but I don't know what they say interviewer: what would you how would you call a calf? 779: I don't know interviewer: what would you say to a cow so she'd stand still so you could milk her do you ever see anyone do that? 779: I've seen 'em milked but I never heard 'em tell 'em to be still interviewer: what about calling a horse to get in and out of the pen 779: I have no idea interviewer: what would you say to make 'em turn left or right if you're plowing? 779: uh you'd pull on the reins, wouldn't you? interviewer: mm-kay and to get him started you'd tell him 779: to go {NS} interviewer: mm-kay what about to stop him? 779: whoa interviewer: and to back him up? 779: I don't know interviewer: how would you call hogs? 779: I don't know interviewer: what about sheep? {C: laugh} 779: I don't know that either interviewer: what about chickens? do you ever hear anyone call chickens? 779: uh yeah I have but I don't remember how they do it uh just cluck cluck I guess interviewer: mm-kay {C: laugh} #1 what about your father's pet chicken # 779: #2 oh my # interviewer: how did he 779: uh well like I told you he he um he made a pet out of it and he trained it to walk the clothesline interviewer: would it try to follow him around or 779: yeah followed him all over the yard everywhere he went he was just a pet and you know he could pick it up just like a cat or a dog and #1 pet it and # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what did you think of it? did you ever care for animals like that? 779: uh well I always liked cats we always had cats and uh I never cared to make a pet out of a chicken I thought the chicken was smart you know to be able to do that really I did but you don't see too many chickens walking clotheslines interviewer: how did he train him to do that? 779: I don't know he just put it up on the clothesline and he you know would just talk #1 to it and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: and work with it and it just learned I don't know interviewer: what became of the chicken? 779: I guess it died I don't remember cats were always my pet interviewer: {X} 779: #1 yeah cat # interviewer: #2 {D: cat more than chicken} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: yeah I don't know no I didn't have any cats at that time we had cats later we had a we had one or two dogs but I never was really a big dog lover I mean not some dogs I liked #1 but # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: cats #1 is what I liked # interviewer: #2 you said # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # {D: yeah you said people like just one} I mean take #1 {X} # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: um you'd throw a ball and ask somebody to 779: throw a ball to somebody and ask somebody to pitch it back? interviewer: or to 779: throw it? interviewer: and or say I threw the ball and he 779: caught it? interviewer: and I've been fishing but I haven't 779: caught any? interviewer: mm-kay you'd throw the ball and ask someone to 779: catch it interviewer: and you'd say that would be a hard mountain to 779: climb interviewer: but last year my neighbor 779: climbed it interviewer: but I have never 779: climbed it interviewer: and did you ever see a hog killed? did you ever see 779: mm-mm interviewer: what would you call the kind of fat um salted meat that you can boil with greens? 779: uh dry salt meat #1 that's what I call it # interviewer: #2 any other names for that? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh mm-mm interviewer: what about fatback or sowbelly? do you ever hear that? 779: yeah heard of both of 'em but I don't use that I don't {D: I have to} say dry salt meat interviewer: how would you hear people use those? how would you 779: well it's the same dry salt meat they probably say they're gonna boil so and so with fatback or interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: it just sounds odd to me because I don't use it interviewer: what would you call when you cut the side of the hog what do you call that section? 779: when you cut the side of the hog? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: oh a ham? interviewer: mm-kay and the kind of meat you buy that you {C: informant coughs} slice to cook with eggs 779: do what? interviewer: it's the kind of meat that you buy that's already sliced 779: #1 oh to cook with eggs # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: bacon interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear people talk about a side of bacon or middle of the bacon? 779: mm-mm {D: not that I know} interviewer: what about on the uh bacon that the edge that you cut off before you well now did you ever see bacon sold that wasn't already sliced? 779: mm-mm I don't believe interviewer: what do you call the the 779: oh I know what you're talking about #1 rind {C: sounds like rine} # interviewer: #2 what # mm-kay 779: is that what you mean? interviewer: do you ever eat that? 779: no interviewer: the type of meat that's um you buy in little links and um in patties 779: sausage interviewer: and a person who kills and sells meat 779: who kills and sells meat? interviewer: is called a 779: uh oh great who kills and sells meat #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what kind of # what do you call the big knife that you have in the kitchen {X} 779: um butcher knife interviewer: mm-kay and you call a person 779: a butcher interviewer: and #1 if meat's # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: been kept too long and it doesn't taste right you'd say it's done what 779: spoiled interviewer: what would you say about butter that was kept too long 779: butter? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh interviewer: well like say if you didn't refrigerate if you had it you know left outside it would 779: mm you're talking about if it's not any good or interviewer: mm-hmm you'd say it's 779: uh spoiled or interviewer: mm-kay 779: I never had any to ruin on me I don't know interviewer: and milk when you let it um sit and get sort of thick you call that 779: butter milk interviewer: or before you churn it. 779: oh uh when you let it get kinda thick um sour? interviewer: do you ever hear curdled or #1 clabber # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # heard of both of 'em interviewer: what would you call it 779: well if it gets kinda thick I'd probably call it clabber interviewer: did 779: or curdled interviewer: did your parents ever make anything with {D: dairy productivity} 779: yes my grandmother used to churn we used to watch her make butter you know she'd make make butter and and uh we used to watch her do that all the time I can't think I think they've {X} interviewer: did you ever see any kind of cheese made from the clabber? 779: no interviewer: and the first thing you have to do after milking to get the impurities out you have to 779: after milking interviewer: uh-huh 779: impurities out uh interviewer: like you run it through a real fine cloth or something 779: yeah uh you what would you say strain it? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say this morning at seven oh clock I what breakfast? 779: I ate interviewer: mm-kay and yesterday at that time I had already 779: eaten interviewer: and tomorrow I will 779: eat interviewer: and someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his 779: food interviewer: and do you ever hear people call that vittle? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you hear that used? 779: well they just uh say you know instead of using food they just call it vittles interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: mm funny strange {C: laugh} interviewer: um if you were thirsty you might go over to the sink and pour yourself a 779: a drink of water interviewer: and you drink it out of a 779: glass interviewer: and you'd say the glass fell off the sink and 779: broke interviewer: but somebody has done what to the glass 779: clean it up? interviewer: or or the glass has been 779: broken interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say I didn't mean to 779: break interviewer: and {D: something you'd find like a pie} only it's made it's made out of apples and it's got several layers of apples and strips of dough you'd call that a 779: you mean apple pie? is that what you mean? interviewer: well it's kind of a pie but it's got it's deeper and it's got strips of dough and layers and 779: you said it's got apples in it? interviewer: yeah 779: apple dumplings? interviewer: mm-kay what about apple cobbler or #1 deep dish # 779: #2 apple # cobbler mm-hmm apple cobbler interviewer: how do you make those? 779: apple cobbler well kinda like you been talking about it's like you know with dough and and uh apples and interviewer: do you ever hear of a family pie or deep apple pie? 779: I've heard of a deep dish apple pie but I've never heard of a family pie interviewer: what's a how's a deep dish apple pie different from a cobbler or a regular pie? 779: well uh they have uh well they're just it's just a it's just a bigger deeper pie you've got on the top crust it's got little crumbles of um I really don't know what it is it tastes like cinnamon and sugar and you know I don't know it's just sprinkled all over the top of the deep dish interviewer: does an apple cobbler have the crust on it on the top? 779: {D: the deep cobbler?} well yeah I would put one on it interviewer: how's it different from a pie? 779: from an apple pie? interviewer: yeah how is an apple cobbler different from an apple pie? 779: uh well I in my apple pies I don't put the {D: the streusel} with the dumplings and in an apple cobbler I would apple pie I'd just put the apples and then the top crust interviewer: what would you call milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you could pour over pudding or pie #1 it's the kinda s- # 779: #2 milk or # cream mixed with sugar? interviewer: yeah a kind of a sweet liquid you could make and pour over pudding and pie you'd call that a what 779: I don't know interviewer: well do you ever call it a a dressing or {D: fog} or dip #1 {X} # 779: #2 I # never pour it onto my pie I I don't do that interviewer: and you'd say if you were thirsty you'd say I what a glass of water I 779: I want interviewer: or I went in there and I 779: got? interviewer: and I did #1 what # 779: #2 drank # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: mm-kay and you ask me how much have you 779: have you're talking about {X} water? how much have you drunk? interviewer: mm-kay and after you kill a hog what can you make with the meat from it's head? 779: uh hog head cheese interviewer: how do you make that? 779: I don't know don't ask me {C: laughing} interviewer: do you eat that? 779: no I can't stand to even think of it woo interviewer: what can you make with the liver? 779: of a pig? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: I don't know interviewer: do you ever hear of scrapple or cripple or pannhaas? 779: #1 mm-mm # interviewer: #2 or # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: never interviewer: what can you make with the blood? 779: oh gee I don't know {C: laughing} I didn't know you could oh boy mm interviewer: say if um dinner was on the table and the family's standing around the table you'd tell them to go ahead and 779: eat interviewer: but they're standing you'd tell them to 779: oh go ahead and sit down? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say so we went ahead and 779: sat down interviewer: and no one else was standing because they all 779: sat down interviewer: and if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to him you'd tell him just go ahead and and what 779: take the potatoes? interviewer: now go ahead and what yourself? 779: serve interviewer: or ano- another way of saying that 779: um I don't know what you #1 want # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # say um say if you were doing some work it was kind of hard and um if you're doing it by yourself a friend of yours might come up and offer to 779: help? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say he went in and 779: helped himself interviewer: and I asked him to pass 'em over to me since he had already what 779: helped himself? interviewer: do you ever hear people say holp? he holp himself? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and if you decide not to eat something you'd say no thank you I don't 779: I don't want any interviewer: and if food's {D: being cooking} for the second time you'd say that it's been 779: warmed over interviewer: and you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 779: chew it interviewer: and if he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat he couldn't 779: swallow interviewer: no he could chew it but he couldn't what it say the whole thing 779: oh he could chew it but he couldn't swallow it interviewer: mm-kay {X} 779: hmm uh I don't know I us- hang on you mean mm parts of the hog that I would eat? #1 like ham and # interviewer: #2 or the # no on the inside 779: hmm I don't know I don't I don't eat the inside of a hog interviewer: do you ever hear of liver and {D: lines} or anything like that 779: nuh-uh interviewer: {D: half blood or heart blood} 779: mm-mm that sounds awful. interviewer: what about um something that people make from the intestines and they put it out a little bit in a bowl {D: in a fire} 779: oh I've probably seen it in a grocery store but I cannot #1 think # interviewer: #2 do you ever hear chit- # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: chitterlings interviewer: uh-huh 779: yes interviewer: have you ever eaten 'em? 779: no oh no I I just don't eat stuff like that interviewer: did you ever anyone in your family ever eat chitterlings that 779: my grandmother interviewer: how would she make 'em? 779: I don't know interviewer: you just left 'em 779: yeah I just know that she she eats 'em and I don't know how she makes 'em I don't even stay around to see oh dear interviewer: what's something that um kinds of grain that grows in south Louisiana or 779: a grain? interviewer: uh-huh 779: wheat? interviewer: what takes a lot of water to grow? 779: lot of water? um interviewer: the people in China and Japan eat this a lot 779: oh rice? interviewer: does that grow in this area at all? 779: hmm I don't know interviewer: what about um what'd you call peas and beets and carrots and so forth that you grow yourself? 779: vegetables interviewer: and you grow 'em in a 779: garden interviewer: any special names for if you grow 'em yourself? 779: uh homegrown #1 homegrown vegetables # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # say something that's cooking made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone would you just 779: smell? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say smell of it? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you 779: #1 I # interviewer: #2 {D: word that} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I would just say uh smell of it smell of that interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say this isn't imitation maple syrup this is 779: real interviewer: or this is gen- 779: genuine syrup? interviewer: and if you were buying something wholesale or or several hundred pounds at a time you'd say you were buying it in 779: a large quantity interviewer: mm-kay any other way of saying that? 779: um mm interviewer: do you ever hear in bulk or bulk? 779: yeah mm buying it in bulk interviewer: and what would you call whiskey that's made illegally? 779: um bootleg I guess interviewer: any other names? 779: um now wait a minute um oh gee I don't know interviewer: what if it's not fit to drink? {X} {X} 779: {D: sharp manning} interviewer: mm-kay what about beer that you make at home? you'd call that 779: beer? that you make at home I don't know you mean what do you call it? interviewer: yeah do you ever hear of 779: #1 homemade brew? # interviewer: #2 {X} # huh? 779: homemade brew interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear of {D: splo} 779: mm-mm interviewer: and a sweet spread you can put on toast or biscuits would be 779: a what? interviewer: a sweet spread 779: oh a sweet spread that you could put on uh jelly? interviewer: and what you'd have on a table to season your food with would be 779: salt interviewer: what else? 779: pepper interviewer: and there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one he'd tell you 779: give me an apple interviewer: and you'd say he doesn't live here he lives 779: next door interviewer: or he lives way 779: down the street interviewer: do you ever say over yonder? 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: Say he lives over yonder interviewer: what does yonder mean? 779: it means over there interviewer: and you'd tell someone don't do it that way do it 779: this way? interviewer: and if you don't have any money at all you'd say you're not rich you're 779: poor interviewer: and you'd say um when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what's father was rich? next door was a child 779: and his father was rich? interviewer: mm-kay or as another way of saying that next door was a child 779: whose father was rich interviewer: and if you have a lot of peach trees you'd say you have a peach 779: orchard interviewer: and you could have someone who {D: sets his orchard insane} {X} point to someone else and say he's the man 779: who owns the orchard? interviewer: and say if you left a um an apple lying around and it got all dried out you'd say the skin of that dried apple was all did it get wrinkled 779: mm uh interviewer: {X} 779: dried up interviewer: what's another way of saying that? did it 779: it's um hard interviewer: #1 {D: do you ever say swiveled} # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 or shriveled # 779: #2 yeah # swiveled and shriveled I say both of 'em interviewer: which 779: {X} I I'd probably say it's all shriveled up interviewer: and a kind of a fruit that a citrus fruit that grows out in the garden would be 779: oranges interviewer: and say if there was a bowl of oranges and you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are 779: gone interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say you're just feeling so good that instead of walking he what all the way home 779: ran? interviewer: mm-kay he has what a mile? 779: he has run a mile? interviewer: mm-kay children like to 779: run interviewer: and you'd say um I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it 779: now what? interviewer: we hadn't gone half a block when it 779: rained interviewer: mm-kay and if say a bee stung me my hand is what 779: swelled interviewer: and it's still pretty badly 779: swollen interviewer: and if a bee stings you your hand will 779: swell interviewer: what sort of things um well inside of the the cherry the part you don't eat in a cherry you'd call that a 779: pit interviewer: hmm? 779: pit interviewer: what would you call it in a peach? 779: seed interviewer: and the part inside the seed? 779: the part inside the seed? mm interviewer: you know what I mean that real smooth thing? 779: I don't know what you mean interviewer: have you ever cracked a seed open? 779: mm-mm interviewer: there's one kind of peach that it's real that comes off the seed real easy you'd call that a 779: it comes off the seed? interviewer: you know there's there's one kind of peach that you can take {C: informant coughs} the the s- the flesh off the seed real easy just comes right off 779: mm-hmm interviewer: then there's another kind that sticks to the seed did you ever hear of such a name for those? 779: mm mm-mm I know the name of one kind of peaches but uh I don't know if that's uh interviewer: what 779: Alberta? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: Alberta peaches interviewer: do you ever hear them called freestone or soft peach or 779: I've heard of freestone interviewer: mm-kay what's the other kind called? 779: Alberta and freestones all I know interviewer: and the part of the apple that you don't eat 779: the core interviewer: and if you cut up apples and dry them you'd say you're making 779: cut 'em up and dry 'em? dry apples? interviewer: do you ever hear them called {D: snits} 779: uh-uh interviewer: what different nuts kinds of nuts do people get around here? 779: pecans um now you mean are actually grown around here? #1 at Christmas # interviewer: #2 well um # 779: time we get a lot of different kinds of nuts interviewer: what different ones do you get at Christmas? 779: we get English walnuts we get um course we get pecans we have pecan trees all over the place here um English walnuts and uh these nuts they're kinda long ones and they're real hard what's the name of those? we used to call 'em nigger toes I think interviewer: good and dark 779: yeah {NS} yeah you know dark on the outside uh interviewer: what's {X} 779: pecans interviewer: what else what about one that's shaped like your eye? 779: shaped like your eye interviewer: it's got a thin sort of hard shell what kinds of nuts would be used in {D: craving} 779: um peanuts I guess interviewer: what about almond or almond do you have 779: yes we have almonds interviewer: do they grow here or do they 779: I don't think they grow here and I don't know for certain but we get those at Christmas interviewer: is there any other name for peanuts? 779: uh goobers? interviewer: mm-kay is that a word you'd use? 779: mm-hmm well I don't use it much but some people around here do #1 instead of peanuts # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # did you ever see a walnut just off the tree? 779: #1 just off the tree? # interviewer: #2 yeah but # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: mm-mm interviewer: well what about a pecan when it 779: oh yeah interviewer: it's got a green covering on it 779: yeah interviewer: you'd call that the 779: hull interviewer: what about the part that you crack? that's the 779: shell interviewer: and um you'd say that's the book that you what me 779: gave me interviewer: mm-kay and you have what me 779: given interviewer: and when I'm through with it I'll 779: give interviewer: and you'd say um what time does the movie 779: start interviewer: or what time does it what's another way of saying start 779: begin interviewer: you'd say it must have already {C: informant coughs} 779: begun interviewer: and ten minutes ago it 779: began interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say those boys get mad and what 779: fight interviewer: and yesterday they 779: fought interviewer: and ever since they were small they have 779: fought interviewer: do you ever hear people say they um fought or they fit {C: pronunciation on fought} 779: I've heard 'em say they fought {C: pronunciation} and fit #1 too yeah # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # how does that sound to you? 779: that's bad that sounds terrible interviewer: um what different things do people grow in a garden around here? 779: uh they grow beans corn squash okra green onions potatoes radishes um carrots um I believe they grew cabbage next door last year um and they grow turnip greens and mustard greens I think {X} interviewer: what do 779: tomatoes oh yes tomatoes interviewer: what do you call the little tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? 779: uh we call 'em little salad tomatoes interviewer: mm-kay what different kinds of potatoes are there? 779: uh Irish potatoes sweet potatoes interviewer: is there another name for sweet potatoes or the different 779: #1 yams # interviewer: #2 kinds # hmm? 779: yams? interviewer: is that the same or is that a variety or what? 779: no that's the same to me interviewer: and something that'd make your eyes water if you cut it 779: onion interviewer: what different kinds of beans do people grow? 779: they grow butter beans uh #1 you said beans {C: overlap} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: then not peas uh butter beans oh I don't know if they grow pinto beans around here or not and I don't know about uh great northern beans interviewer: what's another what's something similar to butter beans but another #1 name for 'em # 779: #2 butter beans? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # um interviewer: do you ever hear lima? 779: yes lima beans interviewer: how's that different? are they different things? 779: uh the lima beans well they're bigger than a butter bean interviewer: #1 what color # 779: #2 they're # they're all white I would think I believe interviewer: what about the butter beans? 779: well the butter beans can be white or they can be speckled you know they can be white with purple speckles on 'em interviewer: what about the ones that are green? what are they? 779: uh are they bab- baby limas? interviewer: mm-kay 779: I don't know interviewer: if you want to get the beans out of the pods you'd say you have to 779: shell 'em interviewer: and the kinds of beans that you don't shell but you eat with the pod and everything 779: oh uh green beans interviewer: is there another name for green beans? 779: um Kentucky wonder beans interviewer: mm-kay #1 what about snap bean or string bean? # 779: #2 snap # beans and string beans yeah interviewer: what's the difference between all of them? 779: uh well now if I'm not mistaken the Kentucky wonder bean is is big you know it's the biggest interviewer: mm-hmm 779: green bean and then the snap beans and the green beans uh I don't think there's any difference between them interviewer: and something that's um some leafy thing it grows round 779: lettuce? interviewer: mm-kay if you wanted to buy um if you wanted to buy some you'd have to go and ask for maybe three 779: heads of lettuce interviewer: would you ever use the word head to talk about children? like if someone has five children they have five heads of children 779: I wouldn't interviewer: how does that sound? 779: oh kinda crude interviewer: what if someone had about fourteen children you'd say he really had a 779: house full of children interviewer: do you ever call that a passel? 779: yeah a passel of children or interviewer: #1 what else would you use the word passel about? {C: overlap} # 779: #2 house full of children # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # um passel oh I don't know I can't think really and truly I don't use the word very much but you know a lotta people do say that but I don't say it much interviewer: what would you call a kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 779: um well there's creamed corn but you you're talking about uh when you take it off the cob? interviewer: well just the kind of corn that you buy that's tender #1 real tender # 779: #2 it's # tender um interviewer: {D: the young corn} 779: young corn yeah interviewer: #1 would you ever hear it called sweet corn or roasting ears # 779: #2 sweet # corn interviewer: hmm? 779: sweet corn uh-huh interviewer: what about roasting ears 779: yeah I've heard it called that but I don't interviewer: you've heard it called 779: sweet corn and roasting ears interviewer: which would you use 779: I would say sweet corn myself interviewer: what about the the green covering on the corn that's the 779: shuck interviewer: and the stringy stuff 779: silks interviewer: and the thing that goes to the top of the corn stalk 779: At the top? interviewer: mm-hmm {D: the little bunch of strings} 779: the corn silks you're talking #1 about? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what # what about all that um you've seen the the caps that people use for graduation the thing that hangs down is the 779: tassel interviewer: and something you make pie out of at Thanksgiving 779: #1 something you make pie out a pumpkin # interviewer: #2 yeah a big # mm-kay are there different kinds of squash 779: uh yeah there's yellow squash white squash um well there may be more than that but I don't know interviewer: what do you call the white and black kind of squash? 779: what do you call it? interviewer: does it have a special name? 779: um I think it does but I can't think of it interviewer: #1 is that what you meant by white squash? # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # that's what I meant interviewer: what about a little umbrella shaped thing that grows up in the woods or fields after it rains 779: a mushroom? interviewer: what's a is there another name for them? 779: um toadstool interviewer: is there a difference between a mushroom and a toadstool? 779: uh well no when I was a child we called 'em both interviewer: and what different kinds of melons do people get around here 779: watermelons cantaloupes uh now I mushmelons I think a mushmelon and a cantaloupe is the same thing I'm not sure but we get cantaloupes and watermelons interviewer: and something people smoke would be 779: cigarettes interviewer: and 779: cigars interviewer: and say someone offered to do you a favor but you didn't want to feel like you um owe them anything you'd say well I don't want to feel 779: obligated interviewer: and if someone asks you if you're able to do something you'd say sure I 779: I will do it? interviewer: or if they ask you if you're able you'd say sure I 779: I'm able interviewer: mm-kay or I what do it I or if you weren't able to they'd ask you can you do that and you'd say no I 779: I'm unable to do it interviewer: mm-kay you'd say I'd like to help you but I just 779: I don't I just I am just unable to help you? interviewer: and someone asks you about sundown to do some work you'd say well I got up to work before sunup and I 779: I'm tired interviewer: mm-kay or I've what all I'm going to today uh 779: I've worked all I'm going to today? interviewer: do you ever say uh I done worked or I done {X} 779: I don't interviewer: and you'd say there's a really bad accident up the road but it there wasn't any use in calling the doctor because by the time you got there the person was what 779: dead interviewer: or 779: was already dead interviewer: would you ever say he was done dead? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and you'd tell someone um you're not doing what you what to do 779: what you should do? interviewer: #1 or using another way of saying that? {C: overlap} # 779: #2 what you # ought to do? interviewer: and if a child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 779: shouldn't have done interviewer: or he did something he 779: ought not to have done interviewer: and if you just refuse to do something you might say well no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just 779: refuse interviewer: or I just what do that I just 779: {X} #1 I'm mixed up # interviewer: #2 {X} # will you do that you'd say no I 779: will not do that interviewer: or another way of saying that no I 779: I won't do that interviewer: and you'd say um I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you 779: will? interviewer: mm-kay and say if you had done something that was hard work all by yourself and all the time you were working your friends were just standing around watching you not offering to help when you get through you might say instead of just standing there you know you might 779: help me interviewer: were you to finish you'd say you might 779: you might have helped me interviewer: mm-kay and someone asked you if you'd be able to do something next week or some time you might say well I'm not sure but I 779: will try? interviewer: would you ever say I might could? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you say that? 779: well instead of saying I will try I I would say I'm not sure but I might could do that? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm-hmm interviewer: and you'd say say if you got someone some medicine you go and you still see the medicine by the person's bed you'd say why haven't you 779: taken your medicine interviewer: and the person would say I already 779: took interviewer: mm-kay and in another hour I'll 779: take interviewer: and the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 779: kind of bird oh an owl? interviewer: what different kinds are there? 779: different kinds of owls? hoot owl uh {X} I don't know hoot owl interviewer: what about the little ones? that they {X} 779: screech owl interviewer: uh-huh have you ever seen one of them? 779: mm-mm interviewer: do you ever hear any superstitions about owls? 779: superstitions #1 about owls? # interviewer: #2 like owls # being connected to death or anything? 779: no interviewer: and the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 779: a woodpecker interviewer: any other names for them? 779: uh I've heard 'em called {D: ready egg} woodpeckers #1 um # interviewer: #2 what do you call # a large woodpecker any special name? 779: I don't know if there is interviewer: do you ever hear a woodpecker called a peckerwood? 779: yes interviewer: how would people say that? 779: well I don't know now I've just heard you know heard 'em called peckerwood interviewer: do you ever hear the word peckerwood used about people? {X} 779: uh yeah I think so you know when somebody was mad at someone or something interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: well it doesn't sound very nice interviewer: and what kind of black and white animal that has a real strong smell? 779: a skunk interviewer: any other names for them? 779: um I don't think so interviewer: say some animals have been coming and getting your chickens and you didn't know exactly what kind they were what general name would you have for the type of animal that would do that? 779: uh wolves interviewer: uh-huh well if you don't know they're wolves they're just what you'd say I'm gonna get a gun and kill that 779: kill that animal interviewer: would you ever call 'em varmints? 779: {NW} yeah interviewer: how would you use that? 779: well uh I'd just say you know I'm gonna get a gun and kill that varmint interviewer: what would a varmint be? 779: #1 I # interviewer: #2 or # 779: really don't know what a varmint is interviewer: {X} #1 sort of animal # 779: #2 it's just # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # mm I don't know uh interviewer: would uh a mouse be a varmint? or a rat? 779: well it could uh usually if I say that I I'm just uh you know it's just a name that I'm calling something interviewer: would you ever #1 call a # 779: #2 just a # interviewer: person a varmint? 779: well not really interviewer: what about a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 779: a squirrel? interviewer: what different kinds of squirrels are there? 779: mm gosh I don't know interviewer: what different colors? 779: uh well there's gray and brown maybe black? I'm not sure about black interviewer: do you ever hear of a fox squirrel or a cat squirrel? 779: mm no I don't believe #1 not that I # interviewer: #2 what of # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what's something kinda like a squirrel and it's small and has little stripes down its back? 779: kinda like a squirrel? now you're not talking about a rat interviewer: do you ever hear of a chipmunk or ground- 779: chipmunk uh-huh interviewer: huh? 779: a chipmunk interviewer: do they have those around here? 779: well uh I don't think so I haven't seen any interviewer: can they climb trees if you know 779: chipmunks uh I don't know interviewer: what different kinds of fish do people get around here? 779: uh catfish white perch um catfish and white perch and oh I don't know several kinds interviewer: what's the name of {X} 779: I don't know interviewer: what could you get from {D: drugstores} {X} 779: {D: seen a ten overs knock it out} after three interviewer: what else do they get from the {D: well the same thing} 779: crabs um ho uh {C: tapping} what are those dumb fish um interviewer: what other kinds of seafood can you get at the store? 779: oh uh {C: impact noise} oysters interviewer: mm-hmm 779: oysters um oh great I don't know we don't eat seafood much hardly ever cuz I don't like it interviewer: what's something that it's got a a real thin shell you could eat it boiled or fried or 779: #1 a real # interviewer: #2 it's # 779: thin shell? interviewer: it's shaped kinda like this it's pretty expensive {D: you should get it} 779: #1 you said # interviewer: #2 fresh # 779: boiled or fried? #1 oysters? # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I said oysters wasn't it interviewer: well something else 779: something else besides oysters? interviewer: it doesn't come in a shell like oysters it's just got the 779: oh shrimp? interviewer: mm-kay #1 if you wanted to # 779: #2 shrimp # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: to buy some you'd ask for several pounds of 779: shrimp interviewer: mm-kay {C: 779 coughs} what about something that you get from a stream it's got claws it's fresh water 779: crab interviewer: or it's something about this big it'd be {D: touching its hooves on the back} 779: oh uh crawfish interviewer: mm-hmm do y'all eat those #1 around here # 779: #2 no # well s- a lot of people do #1 not us # interviewer: #2 {D: not you} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: nuh-uh interviewer: what would you hear making a noise around a lake at night? 779: uh frogs? interviewer: hmm? 779: frogs? interviewer: what different kinds? 779: um maybe rain frogs? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and uh I don't know rain frogs is the only kind interviewer: what do rain frogs look like? {D: how do they} 779: #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: know that I've ever actually seen one but I've just got an idea in my mind there a big ol' frog just a great big frog interviewer: what do you call the real big frogs that are at the lake {D: in the} 779: at the lake? interviewer: uh-huh have a real big throat 779: oh oh I don't know #1 um # interviewer: #2 do you ever hear # bull- 779: yeah bullfrogs interviewer: what about the tiny ones that get up in the trees? 779: I don't know interviewer: and the ones that stay on land little brown ones 779: I don't know what they're #1 called # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you'd see it just hopping around in a garden or something round and about {D: maybe barking} 779: I don't know what they're #1 called # interviewer: #2 well # do you ever hear 'em called toad frog or 779: #1 oh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: toad frogs yeah toad frogs interviewer: mm-kay if you wanted to go fishing what might you take out to go fishing with? 779: worms interviewer: are there different kinds of worms or? 779: uh well yeah earthworms and and uh I don't know I know there is {C: laughing} different kinds interviewer: mm-kay 779: there's earthworms interviewer: what about a small fish you can use for bait? 779: a small fish? a minnow interviewer: hmm? 779: a minnow interviewer: mm-kay and a hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell 779: a turtle interviewer: what different kinds are there? 779: uh snapping turtles and I think just regular old turtles interviewer: are they on {C: informant laughing} land or water or what? 779: well some of 'em are in the water and some of some are land turtles aren't they and some are in the water interviewer: any special name for turtles that just stay on land? 779: uh I can't think interviewer: do you ever hear terrapin or cooter? 779: terrapin interviewer: hmm? 779: terrapin? interviewer: what about gopher? do you ever hear 779: #1 mm-mm # interviewer: #2 that # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and kind of insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into the light? 779: an insect uh uh light bugs interviewer: mm-kay and what eats holes in your wool clothes? 779: oh uh moths? interviewer: mm-kay then talking about just one of those you'd talk about 779: a moth interviewer: hmm? 779: a moth interviewer: and an insect that has a light in its tail 779: oh uh aw shoot we used to catch 'em uh we called 'em lightning bugs {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay what kinds of insects will sting you? 779: uh bees bumblebees wasp interviewer: what about the ones that {D: has a hand slung too} 779: has a nest? uh interviewer: what's supposed to sting you really bad? 779: hornets? interviewer: do they have those around here? 779: hornets {C: mumbles} uh no if we do I you know I haven't seen any around here there may be some but I don't I haven't seen any hornets nest interviewer: just a second what's something that's yellow and black striped? that it's kinda like {D: a big ear wasp} 779: yellow and black striped? you're not talking about a caterpillar? #1 it's kinda # interviewer: #2 well # 779: like a wasp? interviewer: what about a yellow? yellow jacket? 779: a yellow jacket? interviewer: uh-huh where do they build their nests? 779: yellow jackets um where do they build 'em? uh well we had one in our garage one time sometimes they build 'em up under the eaves of the house interviewer: mm-hmm 779: you know and uh in the garage up in the the attic part of the garage interviewer: what about um something that builds a nest out of dirt or mud 779: a dirt dauber interviewer: mm-kay do they sting? 779: I don't believe interviewer: and this is like {D: our thinking} now you mentioned before uh it's got it'd be around a lake or around water um it's got real shiny wings two pairs of shiny wings 779: butterflies interviewer: and what's something that um bites you and and it carries malaria 779: mosquitoes interviewer: and something that's supposed to eat the mosquitoes 779: something that eats mosquitoes? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 something # that it's got two pairs of real shiny sort of transparent wings 779: that eats mosquitoes oo um interviewer: do you ever hear of a dragonfly or? 779: yeah interviewer: hmm? 779: yeah {C: mic bump} interviewer: what would you call that? 779: well I'd call 'em dragonflies interviewer: do you ever hear any other names for 779: mosquito hawks interviewer: mm-kay and the little insect that gets on your skin if you go through the woods? tiny little 779: red bugs interviewer: mm-kay any other name for them? 779: chiggers {C: laughing} interviewer: what would most people around here 779: red bugs interviewer: and something that hops around in the grass? 779: that hops around in the #1 grass? # interviewer: #2 yeah a # little green thing green insect 779: green oh a grasshopper? interviewer: have you ever heard them called a hoppergrass? 779: uh-uh who calls 'em that? {C: laughing} that's funny huh-uh hmm interviewer: um if something say if you hadn't cleaned a room in a while up in the ceiling or in the corner you might find a 779: spider interviewer: mm-kay what they would have built would be a 779: spiderweb interviewer: would you call it a spiderweb whether it's outside or inside? 779: uh well it depends on what kind of web it was interviewer: what do you mean? 779: well like uh some people say cobweb well it could be a cobweb inside too interviewer: whether it's a would you call it what do you think of of cobweb and {D: thing} 779: a spiderweb interviewer: would there be a spider living in it or 779: well it could be interviewer: mm-kay 779: #1 not # interviewer: #2 either # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: not necessarily no interviewer: and the part of the tree that grows under the ground is called the 779: the roots interviewer: do you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines {D: for motherhood} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: do you remember what any of them are? 779: uh well you mean like they're called herbs? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: do I remember of 'em are? um now rhubarb is made in pies that's not um oh let's see and now I can't remember what any of 'em are interviewer: and the kind of tree that you tap for syrup would be called a 779: the kind you tap for syrup uh well maple there's interviewer: what would you call a big group of those grown together 779: hmm an orchard? interviewer: mm-kay what different kinds of trees grow around here? 779: uh oak trees pecan trees um hickory nut trees um let's see oh we have uh these catalpa trees {C: pronounced catobler} I don't know if they are or not but they have big ol' worms in 'em um we have a lot of oak trees we have pine trees uh oh gee gosh I don't know we've got so many interviewer: what's a kind of tree that it's got a it's a shady tree it's got white scaly bark you can sort of peel off? {D: it's got little moth-ly balls on 'em} 779: oh it's white? {D: and this} interviewer: kinda whitish bark 779: my grandmother's got one in her front yard it's got it grows little balls wait that's not a certain type of oak tree interviewer: do you ever hear of a sick 779: sycamore yeah {C: overlap} interviewer: grow around here? 779: mm-hmm that it it's got a stem and it's got a ball on the end of it that's a sycamore right? interviewer: what about the kind of tree George Washington cut down? 779: cherry tree interviewer: and k- uh tree that's a symbol of the south big white flowers and 779: uh magnolia interviewer: do you ever hear that called a cucumber or a cowcumber tree 779: mm-mm interviewer: and something in a flowering bush that's got pink and white flowers on it blooms in late spring 779: pink and white? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: um it's not roses {D: just too many} um oh fiddle I know what you're talking about I think it's like a it looks like a rose interviewer: do you ever hear of rhododendron or {D: mountain law} 779: yeah but that's not what I was thinking of yeah I've heard of it interviewer: what have you heard it called? 779: uh the one I'm thinking of I can't think of it uh I've heard of rhododendrons but that's not what I was thinking of interviewer: do rhododendrons grow around here? 779: yeah interviewer: is there anything else similar to a rhododendron? maybe smaller 779: um well I don't know probably so uh I don't know I guess there is but I can't think of it interviewer: do you ever hear of anything called {D: spogler or spooner} 779: nuh-uh interviewer: and a kind of a shrub that's got clusters of berries on and it's the leaves turn bright red in the fall 779: mm interviewer: might grow next to the side of a fence 779: uh oh gracious god you said red berries and my neighbor's got one right back there uh I can't think of what those things are called interviewer: do you ever hear of sumac or shoemake? 779: I've heard of sumac interviewer: does that grow around here? 779: I don't know what it is interviewer: what kinds of um berries grow around here? 779: what kind of berries uh well blackberries uh I guess they have strawberries out on the farms interviewer: what's a #1 berry # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: that um I don't think it grows around here but a lot of times you can find things flavored with this? 779: blueberries interviewer: {D: plus} {D: the berries are having less surface and some of them} red and some grow in black starts with an R 779: raspberry interviewer: do they grow here? 779: I don't think so I haven't if they do I haven't seen 'em interviewer: say if you saw some berries and didn't know what kind they were you'd tell someone you better not eat those they might be 779: poison interviewer: and what kinds of bushes or vines will make your skin break out? if you touch 'em 779: poison ivy poison oak interviewer: how do you recognize 'em? 779: by their leaves interviewer: what does poison ivy look like? 779: poison ivy oo gosh is it the one's got three leaves? interviewer: mm-kay what about poison oak? 779: mm uh I can't remember interviewer: are you allergic at all? 779: nuh-uh not allergic to anything {C: laughs} interviewer: say if um a married woman didn't wanna make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask 779: my husband interviewer: and he would say referring to her I have to ask 779: my wife interviewer: any joking ways they'd refer to each other? 779: any what? interviewer: any joking ways that they would refer to each other? 779: uh yeah probably {C: laughing} interviewer: uh would you ever say anything besides my husband? would you ever 779: um if I was talking to somebody else I would {C: laughing} uh well I know some people say my old man but I don't say that interviewer: how does that sound? to you? 779: that doesn't sound very nice to me interviewer: and a woman whose husband is dead is called a 779: a woman whose husband is dead? interviewer: uh-huh #1 she's a # 779: #2 wi- # a widow interviewer: what if he just left her? then she'd be a 779: if he just left her? um he just left her but he was not dead interviewer: uh-huh or if they're divorced she would be a 779: if they're divorced she'd be a divorcée interviewer: do you ever hear grass widow? 779: yes uh now if he just leaves her then she'd be a that's a grass widow? interviewer: is that what you'd call {X} 779: well I hadn't I didn't think of grass widow but I I have heard of interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 it # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # yeah interviewer: the man whose child you are he's your 779: your father interviewer: and his wife is your 779: mother interviewer: and together they're your 779: children I'm I'm not following #1 you right # interviewer: #2 {X} # your father and mother together are called your 779: parents interviewer: what did you call your father? what did you call your mother? what did you call 'em? 779: I'd call 'em my daddy and my mother interviewer: mm-kay any thing else you'd call your mother? {X} 779: momma sometimes interviewer: and your father's father would be your 779: my father's father would be my grandfather interviewer: and his wife would be your 779: grandmother interviewer: what do people call their grandmother and their grandfather? 779: grandma and grandpa interviewer: mm-kay anything else? 779: uh well you got a lotta special names for 'em like my kids call my my mother gaga interviewer: how did they get that name? 779: the only thing I can think about is they tried to say grandmother when they were babies and it came out gaga {C: laughing} interviewer: um you'd say I was the youngest of five 779: children interviewer: anything else you'd say besides children? 779: mm uh no nothing I would say interviewer: what about kids? or {D: chass} 779: #1 well kids {C: overlap} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: you could say kids yeah interviewer: do you ever hear {D: chass} or younglings? 779: uh yeah interviewer: which one would you hear? 779: I w- well I've heard of both of 'em but I've I've never you know really heard people refer to 'em in {D: sat way} I'd say kids myself or children interviewer: and a name that a child's known by just in his family do you call that a 779: now what interviewer: a name that a child is known by just in his family would be a do you ever hear of a pet name or {D: basket name} 779: a pet name #1 never heard basket # interviewer: #2 what would as an example of a pet name be # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: um oh I've got a lot of names for my kids um oo gosh I really don't I can't even think um I don't know interviewer: and something on wheels that you could put a baby {D: in the middle of down} would be called a 779: that you can put a baby in? interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 it's # got wheels? a buggy interviewer: you put the baby in the buggy and you go out and 779: stroll it interviewer: and if you had two children you might have a son and a 779: daughter interviewer: or a boy and a 779: girl interviewer: and and the boy has the same color hair line as his father has and the same shape nose you'd say that he 779: he has his father's features interviewer: what if he has the same mannerisms and behaviors you'd say he #1 what # 779: #2 has # the same personality interviewer: do you ever say he favors or takes after 779: mm-hmm favors him I'd say that favors him takes after interviewer: which what do they refer to? looks or behavior or what 779: you mean when I said that what was I referring to? uh well mainly looks cuz my kids don't act like their daddy mainly looks interviewer: favors and takes after mean the same? 779: well no not necessarily cuz if you said takes after that would to me that would uh mean you know he acted interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 like # his father interviewer: and if Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob 779: if Bob is #1 what now # interviewer: #2 if # he's taller you'd say he 779: Bob has grown? interviewer: or in one year he 779: grew? interviewer: and if a woman's looked after three children 'til they're grown you'd say she has 779: raised three children interviewer: and the child's misbehaving you'd tell him if you do that again you're gonna get a 779: spanking interviewer: what else could you say? 779: a whipping interviewer: what's the difference? 779: no difference to me #1 really # interviewer: #2 are # they both done with your hand or with a belt or 779: well I usually spank with my hand sometimes with a switch and I have tapped 'em with a belt {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay um if a woman is gonna have a child you'd say she's 779: pregnant interviewer: do people used to use that word when you were growing up? would it sound alright to say? 779: uh if they used it they were rather careful because I don't remember hearing it too much when I was a child interviewer: what did you hear when you were a child? what would you 779: mostly they would say she's going to have a baby you know about like that interviewer: any joking ways of saying that? 779: uh interviewer: or vulgar ways that you've heard? 779: well uh no I'm sure there is but I haven't heard 'em interviewer: did you ever hear people say {D: sunk what} she's big 779: yeah interviewer: how does that sound? 779: well really I don't know interviewer: {D: well it's referring to for me phrasing} 779: yeah just to say that she's big interviewer: uh-huh 779: well I don't know uh it didn't sound really bad you know interviewer: say if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you could send for would be a 779: midwife interviewer: and a child that's born to a woman that's not married would be called a 779: illegitimate interviewer: or you'd call the child a what 779: a bastard interviewer: how does that sound? 779: terrible interviewer: any other anything else you could say besides a bastard that maybe sounded a little better? 779: um interviewer: besides illegitimate 779: well you could just say it was born out of wedlock interviewer: what about a um bush child or a um woods cult or 779: #1 never heard that # interviewer: #2 {D: bog pulse baby} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I never heard that interviewer: and you'd say Jane is a loving child but Peggy is even 779: Jane is a loving child interviewer: but Peggy is even 779: more loving interviewer: and your brother's son would be your 779: my my brother's son would be my nephew interviewer: and a child that's lost both parents would be a 779: an orphan interviewer: and the person who's supposed to look after him would be his legal 779: guardian interviewer: and if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my 779: relatives interviewer: mm-kay what else could you say besides relatives? 779: um kin people #1 or folks # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you'd say she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no 779: relation interviewer: and someone who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before he's called a 779: stranger interviewer: what if he comes from a different country? 779: an alien interviewer: mm-kay and a woman who conducts school is called a 779: a schoolteacher? interviewer: any special names for a woman teacher? 779: um well I don't know if this would be special but you mean like instructors or interviewer: mm-kay and did you ever hear schoolmarm or anything like that? 779: school what? interviewer: schoolmarm 779: nuh-uh interviewer: and a preacher that's not very well trained just sort of preaches here and there and he's not very good at preaching you'd call him a 779: um uneducated interviewer: what about a carpenter if he's not very good at building things? 779: an apprentice? interviewer: did you ever hear of {D: jack row} 779: no interviewer: and did you ever hear of {D: shake tree or} yard-ax 779: referring to the carpenter? interviewer: uh-huh or a mechanic or anything and do you remember what they used to call a barrel maker? 779: no interviewer: or are you familiar with if someone's last name the name cooper or cooper {C: second pronunciation like foot} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what would you call a married woman with that last name? she'd be 779: what would I call her? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: if her last name was C-O-O-P-E-R? #1 I would # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: call her cooper {C: pronunciation like foot} interviewer: and or she's married she'd be 779: oh missus cooper {C: foot pronunciation} interviewer: and {D: the um} name of the mother of Jesus 779: Mary interviewer: and George Washington's wife 779: uh Martha interviewer: and do you remember a song that started off wait 'til the sun shines 779: Nellie interviewer: and a male goat is called a 779: male goat a ram interviewer: or a nickname for William is 779: Bill interviewer: or add a Y to that 779: Billy interviewer: mm-kay and the first book in the New Testament 779: Genesis oh in the New Testament oh I'm sorry oh gosh the first book in the New Testament uh it's not Matthew interviewer: mm-kay 779: is it {C: laughing} {C: laughing} interviewer: and 779: I'm not sure interviewer: the um name of the wife of Abraham 779: uh Sarah? interviewer: and a boy nicknamed Bill his full name would be 779: a boy nicknamed Bill interviewer: his full name would be 779: William interviewer: and if your father had a brother by that name you'd call him 779: if my father had a brother we would call him uncle Uncle William interviewer: and President Kennedy's first name was 779: John interviewer: and if your father had a brother by that name 779: we'd call him Uncle John interviewer: and what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 779: now what your mother's sister she would be your aunt interviewer: do you ever hear people say aunt instead of aunt {C: pronunciation as unt then ant} 779: yeah interviewer: how would they say that and how does that sound to you? 779: unlike a sophisticated person interviewer: do you ever hear blacks say aunt instead of aunt? {C: ont then ant} 779: mm-mm interviewer: and the highest rank in the army 779: the highest rank is that a five-star general? interviewer: mm-kay and what's one rank beneath the the general would be a 779: uh a colonel? interviewer: and the person in charge of a ship is called a 779: uh in charge of a ship uh interviewer: {X} 779: yeah uh oh I know but I can't think mm interviewer: what about the head of a football team? 779: captain interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear the word captain used like to call a man you work for captain? or anything like that? 779: did I hear what now interviewer: did you ever hear the word captain used in other situations? for example calling the person you work for captain or as a sort of an honorary title? 779: well I think it's sort of an honorary thing you know interviewer: how would you hear it used? 779: uh you mean besides captain of a football #1 team or # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: captain of a ship? uh well for instance uh I watch a T-V show and this guy is a they call him a captain of this restaurant interviewer: what about um blacks calling the man that they work for captain do you ever hear that? 779: no I don't believe {C: mumbling} interviewer: and the person who presides over the court is called the 779: judge interviewer: and a person who goes to school 779: a student interviewer: and a woman who works in an office and {D: does supply things stuff for it} would be 779: a secretary interviewer: hmm? 779: a secretary? interviewer: and a man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a 779: actress interviewer: and if you're born in the United States you'd say your nationality is 779: an American interviewer: mm-kay and what different names for blacks are there? 779: negroes colored interviewer: what was common when you were growing up? what was 779: colored colored people interviewer: did you ever hear any joking terms or derogatory terms? 779: well yes I don't know if I can remember any uh well I've heard 'em called niggers interviewer: mm-hmm do you hear that these days? 779: not too much you'd better be careful if you do {C: laughing} if you say it interviewer: what other terms? 779: um that's about all I can think of #1 where # interviewer: #2 what would you # call someone of your race would be 779: white or a Caucasian interviewer: any insulting names for whites? 779: mm there probably is I don't know of any interviewer: what about a child that's born with one parent black and the other parent white? you'd call that child a 779: um half-breed? interviewer: mm-kay any other names for 779: um oh I don't know there probably there is I think but I can't I don't know 'em interviewer: what would you call a real light-skinned negro? 779: um a mulatto? interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear yellow? 779: a yellow negro? interviewer: uh-huh 779: no mm-mm interviewer: and what did blacks used to call the the whites that they worked for 779: um what did they call 'em? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh well they would usually call 'em miss so and so or well you know interviewer: what would you call a older black that you respected a lot when you were growing up 779: uh I would have probably called 'em mister so and so or missus so and so interviewer: what about aunt or uncle? did you hear that around here? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and white people that you look down on they don't try to work or do anything for themselves 779: poor white trash interviewer: mm-kay is that a word that blacks would use too? 779: yes that's right interviewer: any other names for poor white trash? 779: um I don't know I don't believe interviewer: what about someone the French people in south Louisiana what are they called? 779: uh Cajuns interviewer: any other name? 779: um I don't know interviewer: what about coon? 779: yeah coons {C: laughing} {C: laughing} I don't know is that #1 is that a word # interviewer: #2 {D: did you ever hear coonan} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: yes interviewer: how does that sound? 779: bad {C: laughing} interviewer: and someone who lives way out in the country and doesn't get into town much and when he does come to town you can just look at him and tell instantly that he's from way out in the country you'd call him a 779: country hick interviewer: mm-kay anything else you could call him? 779: um well let me see country hick or I can't think of anything else interviewer: what about cracker or hillbilly or? 779: a hillbilly yeah I never heard of cracker a hillbilly interviewer: and say if you look at if you're at a party and you look at your watch and see that it's around eleven thirty or so you'd say well we better be getting home it's what midnight 779: you'd say if it's around eleven #1 thirty? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you'd say it's not quite midnight yet but it's 779: it's almost midnight? interviewer: do you ever say it's pretty near or {D: well nigh} 779: pretty near interviewer: hmm? 779: pretty near interviewer: and if you were walking and it's kind of icy you'd say well I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I 779: almost fell? interviewer: or I liked to 779: have fallen interviewer: {D: say that the top} 779: I liked to have fallen interviewer: is that would you say that word much is that 779: well yeah I do say it interviewer: and if someone's waiting for you to get ready so you can go somewhere calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon you'd say I'll be with you in 779: a little while? interviewer: or in 779: a few minutes interviewer: or if you're almost ready you'd say I'll be with you in {D: what E} what 779: ten minutes? interviewer: and say if um you had a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go what somebody else? 779: ask somebody else interviewer: so then I went and 779: asked interviewer: and you'd say you're the second person who has 779: asked me interviewer: and you'd say he {D: ran down a stream horde and} {D: what newer} to the water 779: dove interviewer: and several children have 779: dived interviewer: that kid was too scared to 779: dive interviewer: and if you dive and then hit the water flat you'd call that a 779: belly buster interviewer: mm-kay um and if a child puts her head on the ground and rolls over she turns a 779: somersault? interviewer: and you'd say um he got in the water and what across 779: swam interviewer: and um I have never what all the way across the lake? I have never 779: swum? interviewer: mm-kay and children like to 779: swim interviewer: and if you don't know how to swim and you get in the water you might 779: drowned interviewer: and yesterday somebody 779: drowned interviewer: and when I pulled him out he had already 779: he already drowned? interviewer: mm-kay and if you wanna know how frequently I go into town you might ask me how 779: how many times interviewer: or how what do you go to town? how 779: how often? interviewer: and say a friend of yours says that he's not gonna do something like he's not gonna vote for that guy and you're not planning to you'd say well me you agree with him you'd say 779: well I'm not going to vote for him? interviewer: mm-kay or say if um if I offered you a choice of two things and asked you which one you want you might say it doesn't matter just give me 779: either one interviewer: and you'd say um this part of my head is called my 779: forehead interviewer: and this is my 779: hair interviewer: and on a man hair here would be a 779: beard interviewer: and you'd say this is your 779: ear interviewer: which one? 779: left interviewer: huh? 779: left interviewer: say the whole thing it's your 779: left ear interviewer: and this is your 779: right ear interviewer: and this is the 779: mouth interviewer: and 779: neck interviewer: and this part 779: you mean right here? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: um adam's apple interviewer: any other names for that? 779: adam's apple? uh #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 I can't think # interviewer: #2 if someone has a # cold they might have a sore 779: throat interviewer: #1 do you ever hear # 779: #2 oh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: #1 huh # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # nothing interviewer: what about goozle? do you ever hear that? 779: yeah I've heard of it interviewer: how do people use that? 779: uh well sometimes it's just in in um referring to their throat you know I guess interviewer: they call it 779: call it a goozle interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: funny interviewer: and these would be your 779: teeth interviewer: and one 779: tooth interviewer: and the flesh around your teeth 779: is your gums interviewer: and this is one 779: left hand interviewer: two 779: hands interviewer: and this is the 779: palm interviewer: and this is one 779: fist interviewer: two 779: fists interviewer: and a place where the bones come together is a 779: joint interviewer: and say if I get down in this position you'd say I 779: squat interviewer: any other way of saying that? 779: stoop? interviewer: and what would you you'd say this is {X} {X} 779: you mean from bottom to top? interviewer: yeah is your 779: leg interviewer: what do you call this back part of your leg? 779: mm oh your thigh? interviewer: do you ever hear of hunkers or haunches? 779: I've heard of haunches {D: but it doesn't sound pretty} interviewer: what do you think of haunches as? or what have you heard it how have you heard that 779: I thought it was more of this interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear people say down on your haunches 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 or # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # hmm? 779: yeah I've #1 heard that # interviewer: #2 how would # how would you say that? 779: I'd just say uh they're sitting on their haunches or something like that interviewer: and this sensitive bone here is the 779: shin interviewer: and this is your 779: foot interviewer: and you have two 779: feet interviewer: and on a man this is his 779: chest interviewer: and these are the 779: shoulders interviewer: and say someone had been sick for a while you'd say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 779: peaked {C: pronounced with two syllables} interviewer: and someone who's in good shape you'd say he's big and 779: strong? interviewer: what if he's gained a little bit overweight? you'd say he's 779: getting fat interviewer: would you ever call him stout? 779: stout yeah interviewer: what does stout mean? 779: uh well it just means um a big robust looking person interviewer: does do you have the idea that the person's getting overweight or what 779: #1 well yes # interviewer: #2 {D: he's} # 779: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 {D: built} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I I I would say so interviewer: would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that's turning bad? 779: not me interviewer: and um someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper you'd say he's 779: uh cheerful? interviewer: mm-kay and someone like a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs 779: lanky interviewer: what if he's always stumbling and dropping 779: #1 clumsy # interviewer: #2 things # huh? 779: clumsy interviewer: mm-kay and if a person keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you'd say he's just a plain 779: keeps doing things that don't make any sense um oh oh uh stupid? interviewer: what about a fool? would you ever call him fool? 779: well I wouldn't interviewer: how would you hear that word? 779: well people do call other people fools you know interviewer: does that sound really wronger to you or something or 779: well it's just a word that I was never allowed to say as a child and I've just never grown up using it interviewer: do you associate that with the bible {D: Genesis} 779: yeah I do interviewer: and a person that has a whole lot of money but really hangs on to his money? 779: um I can't think of the word {C: laughing} um a spendthrift? is that or is this the other way? {C: laughter} {D: no it's to men on the back to think of it} oh what word do you want interviewer: do you ever hear skinflint or 779: #1 skinflint # interviewer: #2 tightwad? # 779: yeah yeah a tightwad and a skinflint that's what I was trying to think of was a tightwad interviewer: when you say that a person is {D: tolerant} what does that mean? 779: um uh well it means that to me it means uh you know they're they're just uh uh they don't have any morals interviewer: it's insulting? 779: yeah interviewer: what if you say that a girl is {D: collard} what would that mean? 779: well that she uh didn't have many morals and you know she was just rather loose interviewer: would that refer more to sexual behavior with the same kind of girl? 779: {D: tollem} yeah it would to me interviewer: what would you say about an old person who gets around real well and doesn't have a lot of energy but can do all their work and 779: #1 spry? # interviewer: #2 everything # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: spry? interviewer: mm-kay say if your children are out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 779: worried interviewer: or a little 779: afraid? interviewer: or you'd say you wouldn't feel easy about it you'd say you felt 779: ill at ease interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say um oh they'll be home all right just don't 779: worry interviewer: and a child might say I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark I'm 779: afraid interviewer: what else would he 779: #1 scared # interviewer: #2 say # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and you'd say um I don't see why she's scared now she if she had never been scared before you'd say she 779: she has never been afraid before? interviewer: what if or use an expression used to be you'd say she 779: that she used to be she has never been scared before? interviewer: what's the opposite of used to be? 779: of used to be? used not to be interviewer: mm-kay and someone who leaves money on the table and goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door you'd say he's {D: mining} what would be 779: um oh dear I know it um what's the word? um I know exactly what you want I think but I cannot think of it uh trustworthy? interviewer: mm-kay or you'd say he shouldn't be so 779: um interviewer: if he just leaves it lying around where anyone could steal it 779: careless interviewer: huh? 779: careless? interviewer: mm-kay he said there's nothing really wrong with that lady but sometimes she acts kinda 779: uh um senile interviewer: or she acts kind of peculiar you'd say she acts a little 779: strange? interviewer: what about queer or {D: queer} {C: pronounced 'quar'} 779: queer she acts a little queer interviewer: what would that mean? 779: strange interviewer: okay does that #1 word change meaning # 779: #2 peculiar # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # queer? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: well uh it depends on how you use it I mean you gotta be careful how you use it nowadays interviewer: what would it mean nowadays? 779: well if you call somebody a queer nowadays it would mean they were a homosexual wouldn't it interviewer: is that has that word always meant that? has has queer always meant 779: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 homosexual # since you were growing up 779: well I don't really know if it if it meant that when I was growing up uh I never knew it interviewer: just in the past few years? 779: yeah in the past few years it's it's really you know when I've heard of it meaning a homosexual interviewer: what would you say about someone that makes up their own lines and then you can't argue with him he's gonna do things his way 779: #1 stubborn # interviewer: #2 {D: and he} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: stubborn interviewer: mm-kay anything else you could 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 say # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: hardheaded interviewer: what about someone that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? just with any little #1 thing # 779: #2 um # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # not hardboiled uh oh gracious interviewer: say if something had happened to embarrass him you'd say well you'd better not tease him about that {D: because on that stuff he's still a little bit} 779: tou- uh not touchy interviewer: mm-kay 779: he's interviewer: say if he lost his temper what would you say about him he got really 779: mad interviewer: and if someone's about to lose their temper you might tell 'em now just just keep 779: um keep your temper? interviewer: mm-kay and say if you'd been working very hard you'd say you were very 779: tired interviewer: what else could you say? 779: um worn out interviewer: and if a person had been well and suddenly you hear that they've gotten a disease you'd say well yesterday they were fine {D: it moths been day} 779: got sick interviewer: and if a person went out in bad weather and came in with sneezing and everything you'd say he went out in the rain and he 779: caught a cold interviewer: and if he couldn't talk right he sounded a little 779: oh hoarse interviewer: {D: and if he} 779: cough interviewer: and say if you um if you were taking a trip somewhere and you had a lot of little kids in the car and they kept bugging you asking for when you were gonna get there and were they there yet and you'd say well we'll be there 779: in a little while interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say by and by or anything like that? 779: mm just joking you know just joking with 'em I might say uh by and by interviewer: mm-kay how does that sound to you by and by? 779: well I don't know it it's I don't use it very much you know like I said I I usually just say something to 'em like that you know #1 joking 'em joking with 'em # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 I would # interviewer: #2 say # 779: say I would really say in a little while interviewer: mm-hmm say if um if you normally went to bed at say ten o'clock and you stayed up one night until one o'clock {D: bite} by about one you'd be feeling really 779: now what interviewer: #1 if # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: if you stay up way past your bedtime you would be feeling pretty 779: sleepy interviewer: and you'd say um at six o'clock in the morning I'll do what 779: get up interviewer: or before you get up you have to 779: wake up interviewer: and you'd say he's still sleeping we'd better go in there and 779: wake him interviewer: and someone who can't hear anything at all you'd say they're completely 779: deaf interviewer: and if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I 779: perspired interviewer: or how much I 779: sweated interviewer: and a sore that comes to a head is called a 779: a boil interviewer: and the stuff that drains out 779: puss interviewer: and what about from a blister? the stuff that drains out is 779: uh just water? interviewer: and if a person got shot or stabbed you'd have to get a doctor to look at the 779: wound interviewer: and sometimes when a wound won't heal back right it get sort of a skinless growth over it you'd call that 779: mm infection? interviewer: or did you ever hear it called some kind of flesh? 779: mm no I don't believe interviewer: did you ever hear proud flesh? 779: oh yeah yeah interviewer: what 779: well yeah uh just like you were talking about you know if it doesn't heal interviewer: uh-huh 779: and it's just kinda like raw flesh interviewer: and you call it 779: proud flesh interviewer: what do you ha- how do you take care of that? {X} 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: gee you have to go to the doctor {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever have that? 779: no interviewer: what's a uh medicine you could put on a little cut? 779: uh iodine interviewer: and a real bitter medicine people used to take 779: real bitter? quinine interviewer: and something that um say if a person was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he 779: he didn't recover he died interviewer: any other ways of saying died? 779: um he expired interviewer: mm-kay what about a a joking way of saying that or {D: come the truce} 779: uh I don't know interviewer: did you ever hear kicked the 779: kicked the bucket? {C: laughing} #1 yeah {C: overlap} # interviewer: #2 how does that sound? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: well to talk about a dead person that doesn't sound too good interviewer: and you'd say he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died 779: from interviewer: and a place where people are buried? 779: cemetery interviewer: any other names for that? 779: um graveyard interviewer: and what they put the body in 779: well they put 'em in different things mausoleums uh graves interviewer: well what's the body laid out in 779: #1 casket # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # any other name for casket? 779: uh tomb? interviewer: and is that the same? 779: not really is it? I don't think interviewer: when he died everybody went to the 779: funeral interviewer: and if people are dressed in black you'd say that they're in 779: mourning interviewer: and say on an average sort of day someone asked you how you were feeling you'd say oh I'm 779: fine interviewer: and when you're getting old and your joints start hurting you call that 779: arthritis interviewer: any other names for that? 779: uh bursitis um now there is another one now what is it arthritis and bursitis #1 uh # interviewer: #2 what about # a disease that children used to get they'd choke up 779: used to get interviewer: or what are some of the things your children are vaccinated against 779: oh smallpox um interviewer: {D: polio} 779: smallpox polio tetanus diphtheria interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear of anyone getting diphtheria? around here? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and a disease where your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 779: uh a disease um that liver liver deal um what in the world is that {C: mic bump} uh hepatitis interviewer: well what I think it's it's related to that but it's 779: yellow jaundice? interviewer: mm-kay and when you have a pain down here and have to have an operation 779: appendicitis interviewer: did you ever hear any old fashioned name for that? 779: mm no I don't believe interviewer: and say if a if you ate something and it didn't agree with you and it came back up you'd say you had to 779: vomit interviewer: any other ways {C: mic bump} of saying that? 779: um upchuck interviewer: how does which sounds better? 779: well neither one sounds too good we usually say vomit interviewer: mm-kay is there any really crude way of saying that? 779: crude? I don't know interviewer: say if a person vomited you'd say he was sick where 779: he's sick in his stomach interviewer: mm-kay 779: yeah interviewer: and say if um your neighbor across the street had gotten some news that was really exciting you'd say um as soon as she got the news she came over here she came over why 779: to tell me the news interviewer: and if a boy is spending a lot of time with a girl like he was seriously interested in her you'd say that he was 779: serious about her? interviewer: mm-kay or he's doing what? 779: I would say he's in love with her interviewer: would you ever {C: informant coughs} say he's courting her? 779: courting her yeah interviewer: do you hear that nowadays? 779: not too much interviewer: what would you hear? 779: uh you would probably hear that he's serious about her interviewer: and he would be called her 779: her boyfriend interviewer: and she would be his 779: girlfriend interviewer: any old fashioned names for boyfriend or girlfriend? 779: uh I'm sure there is but I don't know 'em interviewer: say if #1 a boy # 779: #2 um # interviewer: came home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say he had been 779: smooching interviewer: any other way of saying that? 779: kissing? interviewer: and when a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her you'd say she 779: I don't interviewer: did what do him? she 779: oh what's that word uh I know now she quit seeing him um uh I know the word but I cannot say it interviewer: what about um he asked her to marry her but she 779: turned him down interviewer: mm-kay and they were engaged and all of a sudden she 779: broke off #1 or broke up # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um if she didn't break up you'd say they went ahead and got 779: married interviewer: any joking ways of saying got married? 779: got hitched interviewer: mm-kay how does that sound? 779: well it doesn't sound too good interviewer: do you ever hear jumped the broomstick? 779: no interviewer: and at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom he's called a 779: a groomsman interviewer: what about the woman that stands over with the bride? #1 she's {C: overlap} # 779: #2 maid of # honor interviewer: and what else do 779: matron of honor? interviewer: mm-hmm and she might have several 779: bridesmaids interviewer: and a long time ago if people in the community would get married other people would come around their house that night and make a lot of noise they'd call that a 779: um interviewer: did you ever hear #1 did you ever hear of something like that # 779: #2 I don't uh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I've heard of 'em getting the groom and taking him off that was after they were married #1 though # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what what what would they do 779: well if uh now like I saw this show and they came and got the groom they had just been married you know for a few hours and they'd gotten to the place where they were gonna stay and a bunch of his boyfriends came and got him and carried him out into the woods and left him {C: laughing} and he didn't have any way back he didn't even know where he was it was pitch dark and interviewer: would there be a special name for the kind of a thing like that 779: uh yeah but I can't think interviewer: did you ever hear of serenade or shivaree 779: huh-uh neither one of those I think they called it something on this show but I cannot think what they called it interviewer: and how would you use the words up or down or over talking about location like you'd say last week I saw 'em what Texarkana 779: I would say over in over in Texarkana interviewer: mm-kay why would you say over? 779: well cuz because uh to me it's not up interviewer: what would up be? 779: #1 it's not down # interviewer: #2 what to you # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: well to me up would be would be uh up north interviewer: mm-kay what what about if you're talking about New Orleans? {D: you'd say I'm following} 779: down interviewer: hmm? 779: I would say down down in New Orleans interviewer: and what about Dallas? 779: I would say over interviewer: mm-kay and say if there was trouble in a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the 779: the whole bunch? interviewer: mm-kay and say if um if he said um there was some cake or something and he said he was gonna get some and you wanted to know about yourself you'd ask well going to get some? how would you ask that? 779: n- n- now I didn't understand the question really he w- he was #1 what now he was going # interviewer: #2 if he's # gonna get him some cake you wanna know whether you can have some you'd ask 779: can I have some cake or? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say um I think that's right but I'm not 779: sure interviewer: and something that you do every day if I ask you do the do you do it often you'd say yes I 779: do it frequently interviewer: and if you wanted to ask me whether he does that sort of thing you'd ask me 779: does he do it? interviewer: mm-kay and I'd say um I don't smoke but he 779: he does interviewer: and you'd say um I don't know if he did that or not but people 779: think he did? interviewer: mm-kay and say if I ask you um when are y'all going to um to Dallas you might say well right now we're what to go next week? we're 779: planning interviewer: anything else you could say besides planning? 779: um expecting interviewer: what about fixing or aiming? 779: fixing interviewer: uh-huh #1 how would you use fixing? # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # well um I wouldn't say we're fixing to go next well interviewer: does fixing mean sort of immediately or 779: well it it would mean more like immediately I guess to me interviewer: what about aiming? would you ever use 779: no interviewer: and say if there was something bad that you expected to happen like a child's walking along the top of a fence and you had expected him to fall off and hurt himself then someone comes running and tells you he's fallen off you'd say well I just 779: #1 knew he would # interviewer: #2 what # huh? 779: knew he would? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say he wasn't actually gonna hit his little brother but he doubled up his fist and he what he was gonna hit him? 779: he what he wh- #1 he what he was gonna hi- # interviewer: #2 he he doubled # up his fist and he 779: he socked him interviewer: but he didn't actually hit him but he 779: started to hit him? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say he acted as if or he made out like he was gonna #1 hit him # 779: #2 made out # like yeah I've said that interviewer: and when young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you'd call that a 779: dance interviewer: would you have any special names for a kind of dance that you have at home or an old fashioned dance? 779: um square dance interviewer: mm-kay 779: um ballroom dance dancing interviewer: and say if children get out of school at four oh clock you'd say at four oh clock school 779: is out interviewer: and after vacation children would ask when does school 779: start interviewer: and say a child left home to go to school and didn't show up that day you'd say he 779: skipped school interviewer: mm-kay and you go to school to get 779: an education interviewer: and after high school you might go to 779: college interviewer: and after kindergarten you go into the 779: first grade interviewer: any old fashioned name for first grade? 779: mm I don't know it interviewer: did you ever hear primer? 779: uh I've heard of a book called that but not the first grade interviewer: uh-huh and years ago children sat on benches at school but now they sit at 779: {D: sitting} sit at desks interviewer: mm-kay each child has his own 779: desk interviewer: and if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 779: library interviewer: and to mail a package 779: the post office interviewer: and you stay overnight in a strange town in a 779: hotel #1 or a motel # interviewer: #2 and you'd see # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: or a motel interviewer: and you'd see a play or a movie at a 779: theater interviewer: and if you had to have an operation you'd go into the 779: hospital interviewer: and the woman that'd look after you? 779: nurse interviewer: and you catch a train at the 779: train station #1 depot # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # or you could call that the rail 779: railroad station interviewer: and the open place in the center of town around a courthouse is called a 779: town square interviewer: and say if you had a piece of furniture and it was in the corner but {D: all I can tell is you've got} something square in the corner it's sitting #1 back # 779: #2 mm # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # uh out from the corner interviewer: do you ever say kiddie-cornered or #1 caddy-walled # 779: #2 caddy-cornered # interviewer: huh? 779: caddy-cornered interviewer: mm-kay what about antigodlin? #1 do you ever hear that # 779: #2 yeah I've # heard of that but I don't use it interviewer: you've heard people say 779: yeah antigodlin interviewer: how would they use that? 779: well just like um like that interviewer: how would you use the word caddy cornered? 779: caddy cornered well you could just say like uh the TV is not in the corner but it is sitting caddy cornered interviewer: mm-kay 779: let me check the time just one minute {X} interviewer: um before they had um buses in town they used to have 779: before they had buses? oh trolleys? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd tell the bus driver this next corner is where I 779: get off interviewer: and say um in Caddo Parish Shreveport is the it's where the courthouse is and everything it's the 779: uh interviewer: the what of Caddo Parish 779: Shreveport is the um it's a city? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say the parish seat or anything 779: #1 well I've heard that yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # would you ever use that? 779: no interviewer: and if you were a postmaster you would be working for the federal 779: government interviewer: and the police in town are supposed to maintain 779: law and order interviewer: and the fight between the North and the South was called the 779: Civil War interviewer: any other names for that? besides Civil War? 779: uh I can't think interviewer: and before they had the electric chair murderers were they had ropes for murderers 779: oh they were hung I thought you said murders #1 were # interviewer: #2 no # 779: murderers were hung interviewer: mm-kay you would say they took the man down and they 779: hung him interviewer: did you ever hear of people doing that around here? 779: no interviewer: I mean a long time ago 779: uh I don't know a long time ago they may have in the jails but I don't know terrible interviewer: going back to that word um caddy-cornered if you were cutting across someone's yard would you say you were walking caddy-cornered or 779: yeah {c: tape fades} interviewer: um {D: these are some things there's a} {D: base and it's of cities} the biggest um city in the country is in 779: the biggest city? uh now you're talk- well you're talking about in the whole world interviewer: well yeah in the United States 779: oh in the United States uh the biggest city interviewer: well what are some northern states 779: well Pennsylvania New York interviewer: mm-kay and Baltimore is in 779: Maryland interviewer: and Boston 779: Massachusetts interviewer: and the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the 779: the states from Maine to #1 Connecticut? # interviewer: #2 yeah # in that section of the country it's 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 the # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: oh I know uh just a minute let me think oh I've gotta um take my time interviewer: did you ever hear New 779: New England states is that right New England states? interviewer: mm-kay 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 what are some # states in the South? 779: um Louisiana Florida uh Texas um isn't Georgia considered South? it's not to me but Georgia interviewer: how do you consider Georgia? 779: uh well I just uh you know heard that it was considered a Southern state but to me it's you know it's getting on pretty far up there um hmm lemme see um uh Mississippi uh well would Mississippi be considered a Southern #1 state? # interviewer: #2 well # just in this you know general area 779: yeah interviewer: what about um Richmond {D: which one is it the} 779: #1 Richmond # interviewer: #2 capital # 779: Virginia? interviewer: mm-kay and Raleigh 779: North Carolina interviewer: and Columbia? 779: Ohi- Ohio? interviewer: {D: no this is} #1 {D: the other one} # 779: #2 oh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # huh interviewer: just below North Carolina 779: just below North Carolina Columbia uh uh oh #1 what i- # interviewer: #2 well what else # besides North Carolina? 779: oh South Carolina yeah interviewer: and um George Wallace is the governor of 779: Alabama interviewer: and the bluegrass state is 779: Kentucky interviewer: and what's the {D: logan country} {D: with the} {D: the state with the country music} 779: oh Tennessee interviewer: and Little Rock is the capital of 779: Arkansas interviewer: and Tulsa is in 779: Oklahoma interviewer: um you said Tulsa is in 779: Oklahoma interviewer: and the biggest city in Maryland is 779: uh would it be Baltimore? interviewer: mm-kay and the capital of the United States 779: oh Washington, D.C. interviewer: and you said Little Rock was in 779: Arkansas interviewer: what's above Arkansas? 779: above it? interviewer: yeah {X} 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: oh uh interviewer: {D: it's after the hills} 779: oh uh great I can't even think interviewer: what about Mis- 779: Missouri interviewer: what's the biggest city there? or one of the biggest 779: the biggest city in Missouri um Kansas City interviewer: and what else? 779: what else? interviewer: what about Saint 779: huh? interviewer: you've heard of Saint Lou- 779: oh Saint Louis interviewer: mm-kay 779: Saint Louis interviewer: and one of the old cities in South Carolina 779: oh shoot um let me see in South Carolina oh interviewer: there was a dance with the same name 779: #1 a dance # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh oh um it wouldn't have been the black bottom would it? #1 now I can't think # interviewer: #2 did you ever hear of the Char- # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: Charleston? interviewer: uh-huh 779: yeah interviewer: and 779: yeah interviewer: the city in Illinois 779: Chicago interviewer: hmm? 779: Chicago interviewer: and what are some of the cities in Alabama? 779: um {NS} oh let's see um oh well I know I know some but right now I just can't think interviewer: what's the biggest city in Alabama? 779: uh interviewer: they make steel there 779: steel interviewer: did you ever hear Birm- 779: Birmingham interviewer: have you ever been 779: #1 nuh-uh # interviewer: #2 been there # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I've never been to Alabama interviewer: what about the um capital of Alabama 779: is it Birmingham? interviewer: well that's the biggest 779: #1 that's # interviewer: #2 city # 779: just the biggest city um interviewer: starts with an M 779: mm oh interviewer: {D: did you ever hear gom-} 779: oh Montgomery interviewer: mm-kay and the one on the gulf {X} 779: oh uh {X} I don't know interviewer: what's a city over in the mountains in North Carolina? 779: in North Carolina? um I don't know I I've never done much traveling I told you interviewer: what about the cities in Tennessee? 779: cities in Tennessee oh uh Memphis uh interviewer: where's Lookout Mountain? 779: it's in Tennessee interviewer: do you ever hear Chat- 779: Chattanooga interviewer: and #1 where the # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: Grand Ole Opry is 779: mm oh you mean the state? interviewer: no the city 779: #1 the city # interviewer: #2 in Tennessee # 779: in Tenn- oh uh now I can't remember interviewer: Nash- 779: mm what? no Natchez is #1 Mississippi # interviewer: #2 no # Nash 779: oh Nashville yeah interviewer: and some of the cities in Georgia 779: Atlanta interviewer: mm-kay 779: um {X} oh Atlanta um interviewer: what about the um seaport of Georgia? 779: I know nothing about it interviewer: were you ever a girl scout? 779: uh uh-uh I was a brownie interviewer: {X} 779: I never was a a girl scout I was a brownie for about a year interviewer: do you ever hear of Sa- Sava- 779: Savannah? yeah interviewer: and the name of the person who discovered America? 779: Columbus interviewer: and the biggest city in Southern Ohio? 779: Southern Ohio is it Columbus? or that #1 is that the capital # interviewer: #2 {X} # mm-hmm 779: uh Columbus {D: I'm gonna say Ohio} uh interviewer: do you ever hear of Cin- Cincin- 779: oh Cincinnati interviewer: mm-kay and the big city in um Kentucky 779: oh Kentucky interviewer: {D: where they burn their Kentucky heritage} 779: I don't know interviewer: what about the cities in Louisiana? 779: well Shreveport New Orleans Baton Rouge interviewer: mm-kay and the country that Belfast is in 779: Belfast Germany interviewer: and Paris is in 779: wait a minute that wasn't right was it interviewer: or where are they doing the fighting now with protestants and catholics 779: you mean you're not talking about Vietnam interviewer: no the um 779: the protestants and catholics? uh interviewer: the British are in 779: is that Israel? that's #1 no # interviewer: #2 or # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # people who celebrate Saint Patrick's Day come from 779: Saint Patrick's Day uh Ireland? interviewer: mm-kay and Paris is in 779: France interviewer: and Moscow 779: uh Russia interviewer: and someone asked you to go with him somewhere and you're not sure you want to you'd say I don't know what I wanna go or not I don't know 779: if I want to go or not interviewer: mm-kay and if he wanted to go with you you'd say well I won't go what he goes to? I won't go 779: if I want them to go? interviewer: yeah you'd say 779: I won't go unless he goes #1 too? # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and say if um you had a real sick friend and I ask you how your friend was doing you might say well it seems to me what he won't pull through it {X} 779: he won't pull through? interviewer: would you say it seems like or it seems as if or how would you say that? 779: uh I would probably say it seems like interviewer: mm-kay and say you know I'd say I had a choice of two things and I was gonna do this but then I decided I'd do that {D: what would be} 779: {NW} I I don't #1 understand what you want # interviewer: #2 I was gonna do this # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # but then I decided I'd do that 779: instead of interviewer: mm-kay and two people become members of the church you'd say last week they 779: joined interviewer: mm-kay and you go to church to pray to 779: God interviewer: and the preacher preaches the 779: sermon interviewer: and the choir and the organist provide the 779: music interviewer: and if you really like the music you'd say the music is just 779: beautiful interviewer: and say if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church on Sunday you'd say church will be over 779: before we get there interviewer: mm-kay and the enemy of God is called the 779: Devil interviewer: what other names for him? 779: Satan uh let's see uh Satan and the Devil and uh interviewer: what would you tell children was gonna come get 'em? {X} 779: I don't tell mine anything's going come get 'em interviewer: do you ever hear people say the bogeyman's #1 gonna # 779: #2 yeah # yeah but I don't tell mine that interviewer: what is that? 779: well when people say it I think they're talking probably about the Devil interviewer: mm-hmm when they say 779: the bogeyman's going to get you interviewer: what do people think they see around the graveyard at night? 779: what do they think they see? interviewer: mm-hmm to scare 'em 779: uh skeletons I guess interviewer: or say a house that people are scared to go in 779: spooky interviewer: #1 mm-kay or the house is # 779: #2 um # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # spooky interviewer: what else could you say? 779: um oh uh haunted interviewer: uh-huh if it's haunted it's supposed to have what in it 779: ghosts interviewer: do you ever hear of {D: Indian burial grounds here} 779: mm-mm interviewer: {D: you played in any of 'em} 779: no no no interviewer: you'd tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting 779: cold interviewer: well it's not really cold it's getting 779: cool interviewer: what else could you say? 779: um uh let's see cold or cool or interviewer: do you ever hear airish or chilly or 779: yeah chilly airish interviewer: what is what's the difference? 779: chilly or airish uh well chilly means it's getting cold airish means the same thing to me really interviewer: which would you probably use? 779: I'd say chilly interviewer: and you'd say I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd 779: rather not interviewer: and if you hadn't seen a good friend of yours in a long time how might you express your feelings when you saw her you'd say I'm what to see you 779: glad to see you interviewer: huh? 779: glad to see you interviewer: how about proud to see you? #1 would you ever use # 779: #2 mm # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I might interviewer: how would you say that? 779: I would just say I'm proud to see you interviewer: and say if someone had about five hundred acres you'd say he had a what of land? 779: he has a lot of land interviewer: would you ever say a right smart of land 779: mm I've heard that but I don't use it interviewer: how does that sound to you 779: uh well it sounds all right I just don't u- you know I just usually don't say it interviewer: how do you hear that used? 779: uh just like you said people would say you know uh they've got a right smart of this or they got a right smart of that interviewer: and say if um if you wanted to express an agreement like if someone says something and you you agree with it strongly what might you say besides yes? 779: uh I agree wholeheartedly or? interviewer: mm-kay would you ever say certainly or for sure or {D: something like} 779: uh yeah I agree certainly or interviewer: and do you ever say ma'am or sir to people? 779: yeah interviewer: how do you say that? {X} 779: well I say it to people older than I am interviewer: mm-kay um if somebody intensely disliked to go some place you'd say he what hated that place he 779: detested interviewer: mm-kay would you ever say he plum hated it or purely hated it? 779: no interviewer: {D: and you'd say I wanted just a little coldness but it's} 779: freezing interviewer: mm-kay or it was what cold it was 779: uh I don't know {C: sneeze} uh not freezing uh interviewer: or 779: mm-mm interviewer: say if um if a man was hammering and he hit his thumb what exclamation might happen? 779: oh well you mean what what words would he say? well he could say a lot of words he could say heck or he could say something worse than that interviewer: mm-kay would you ever use any what would you say? 779: I would probably say heck interviewer: what would you say to someone that told you something that really excited you they {X} surprising you 779: #1 something that really excited # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: me? what would I say? uh gee or interviewer: mm-kay what if if you had done something that was kind of stupid and you were disgusted with yourself 779: um aw shucks? interviewer: and if someone said something kinda shocking and you sort of resented them saying it you'd say why the very 779: #1 idea # interviewer: #2 what # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: idea interviewer: and when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask 'em then? 779: how are you? interviewer: and when you're introduced to a stranger? what might you say? 779: when I'm introduced to a stranger uh I'm glad to know you interviewer: mm-kay anything you'd ask 'em? or any sort of formal question 779: uh well how are you or interviewer: mm-kay and if some people were leaving your house after a visit you might tell them I hope 779: I hope you come back interviewer: mm-kay or I hope I see you 779: again interviewer: huh 779: I hope I see you again interviewer: and if someone had done you a favor you might say thank you I'm much 779: uh much pleased? interviewer: or I'm much a- 779: oh uh appreciative or #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 or what could you say # besides thank you? you could tell the person that you were much 779: uh interviewer: much a- 779: mu- not much obliged that's not what you're talking about no uh they had done me a favor interviewer: well 779: I don't know interviewer: how would you greet someone around December twenty-fifth? 779: around December twenty-fifth I'd say Merry Christmas interviewer: mm-kay what about on the first of January? 779: Happy New Year interviewer: anything else you'd say besides Merry Christmas or Happy New Year 779: um well you could say I hope you have a nice Christmas interviewer: do you ever hear people say Christmas gift to each other? 779: yes I've heard that interviewer: how would they do that? 779: well they'd instead of saying Merry Christmas when they see someone they just say Christmas gift interviewer: would they be expecting 'em to give 'em something then 779: no no that's just a form of greeting interviewer: would they say that before Christmas {X} 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about New Year's gift? do you ever hear that? 779: no interviewer: and talking about something that you'd see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 779: saw in my dream? interviewer: mm-kay or this is what I 779: dreamed about interviewer: mm-kay and often when I go to sleep I 779: dream interviewer: but I can't always remember what I have 779: dreamed interviewer: and say I dreamed I was falling but just as I was about to hit the ground I 779: awoke interviewer: and you'd say um it was so cold last night that the pipes 779: burst interviewer: because the water 779: froze interviewer: and {D: I was gonna wrap another pipes had already} 779: bursted interviewer: mm-kay the water had already 779: frozen interviewer: and if it gets much colder the pipes might 779: freeze interviewer: and 779: burst interviewer: what would you say if there was just a thin coating of ice on the lake? you'd say that's not the lake it's a real th- 779: #1 froze # interviewer: #2 in # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 fro- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you'd use the word froze whether it's solid or or real thin? 779: uh well uh well I guess I don't really know interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say um food taken between regular meals you'd call that a 779: snack interviewer: and I don't think I asked you this yesterday but when you're talking about the beans to get the beans out of the pods you'd say you have to 779: shell interviewer: mm-kay did I ask you that? 779: mm-mm you asked me about beans but you didn't ask #1 that # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # um you'd say I have to go downtown to do some 779: shopping interviewer: and if you bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and he 779: wrapped interviewer: mm-kay when I got home I 779: unwrapped it interviewer: mm-kay and if you had to sell something for two dollars that you had paid three dollars for you would be selling it 779: now what if I interviewer: if you had to sell it for two dollars and you paid say three dollars for it you'd be selling it 779: at a loss interviewer: mm-kay and if you like something but don't have enough money for it you'd say I like it but it 779: it's too expensive interviewer: or it what too much 779: costs too much interviewer: and on the first of the month the bill was 779: due interviewer: and if you belong to a club you have to pay your 779: dues interviewer: and if you don't have any money you'd go to the bank and try to 779: get a loan interviewer: or try to what's another way of saying that? 779: uh make a loan? interviewer: or like you could um you could go over to a friend and ask to 779: borrow some money? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say back in the thirties money was 779: hard to get interviewer: mm-kay what's another way of saying that 779: uh hard to come by interviewer: or it was pretty there wasn't 779: #1 scarce # interviewer: #2 like # huh? 779: scarce interviewer: and some places if you buy something or pay your bill some storekeepers will give you a little extra and they call that a little present 779: bonus? interviewer: do you ever hear of lagniappe? 779: yeah interviewer: what is that? 779: well it just means a little extra interviewer: you'd call that 779: what what do I how do I say it? lagniappe interviewer: what do they do that around here? 779: no if they do they haven't done it for me interviewer: what how did you hear of that {X} is it was it done in this part of the country or 779: not in the grocery store that I know anything about interviewer: what do you associate it with? 779: uh well I've heard people say it when they were talking about a fat person when they were you know too fat or something they'd say had a little extra lagniappe or something oh interviewer: um what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 779: crawl interviewer: and say if you were tired you might say I think I'll go to the couch and 779: sit down interviewer: or 779: lie down interviewer: and you'd say he was really sick {D: if he could sit up all morning because} {D: what bear} 779: uh laid in bed? interviewer: and you'd say she walked up to the altar and she 779: knelt interviewer: and if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you'd say you 779: stomp interviewer: and if you saw a friend um walking home and you had your car you'd say can I 779: give you a ride interviewer: or can I what you 779: #1 pick # interviewer: #2 home # 779: you up oh take you home? interviewer: would you ever say carry you home? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you 779: I would just say can I carry you home interviewer: mm-kay and to get something to come towards you you take hold of it and 779: pull it interviewer: and the other way would be 779: push it interviewer: and if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say you picked it up and 779: carried them home interviewer: anything else you'd say besides carry? if it's real heavy {X} 779: uh nothing else I would say interviewer: have you heard anything else 779: yeah people say {D: toted} interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: uh well it sounds okay I just I don't say it #1 you know # interviewer: #2 what if there's # something that's say real heavy or hard to handle like a real heavy suitcase you'd say I had to what that suitcase up two flights of stairs I had to 779: carry interviewer: would you ever say lug or tout? 779: lug yeah and pack interviewer: what's the difference between those 779: uh no difference to me interviewer: do you have {D: an outside here that's very heavy or} 779: yeah that means you know if you had to lug something or pack it well it means it's pretty heavy interviewer: and you'd tell a child now that stove is very hot so 779: do not touch it interviewer: and um if you had to get up and start work before the sun was shining you'd say you had to start work before 779: sunup interviewer: and you worked until 779: sundown interviewer: and you'd say this morning I saw the sun 779: rise interviewer: and at six oh clock this morning the sun 779: set interviewer: or this morning the sun 779: oh rose interviewer: mm-kay and when I got outside the sun had already 779: set interviewer: or it had already 779: gone down interviewer: or talking about it going up it had already 779: you're talking about the morning? interviewer: yeah 779: oh the sun had already risen interviewer: and you'd say um all night long the wind 779: blew interviewer: and the wind has 779: blown interviewer: and the wind started to 779: blow interviewer: and if the wind had been gentle and was gradually getting stronger you'd say it was doing what? 779: it'd been gentle and it was getting stronger uh blowing harder? interviewer: what if it's just the opposite? it had been stronger and it's getting weaker 779: dying down interviewer: mm-kay and if the wind is from this direction you'd say that it's 779: this direction? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm-kay just a minute let's see mm-hmm mm-hmm oh from this direc- west interviewer: mm-kay the #1 wind is # 779: #2 you # say directly this direction? west interviewer: how would you say that the wind is 779: blowing from the west interviewer: and a wind halfway between north and west you'd call a 779: halfway between north and west northwest interviewer: mm-kay and between north and east? 779: northeast interviewer: east and south? 779: one minute now east and south? southeast interviewer: and west and south 779: southwest I mean north #1 what'd you say? # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: southwest interviewer: and you'd say um if today is um Wednesday then Tuesday was 779: yesterday interviewer: and Thursday is 779: tomorrow interviewer: and if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday but a week earlier than that you'd say he came here 779: not last Sunday but a week before. interviewer: yeah 779: week before last interviewer: mm-kay they're talking about Sunday 779: oh Sunday before last interviewer: and if he was gonna leave not this Sunday but a week beyond that he was gonna leave 779: a week beyond this Sunday? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh a w- a week from now? interviewer: or specifically Sunday he's gonna leave 779: a week from Sunday interviewer: mm-kay would you ever say Sunday week or something 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 like that # 779: Sunday week I've said that interviewer: is that usually or 779: yeah interviewer: and {D: if someone's favorite goes to the big cheese and says this takes about} 779: two weeks interviewer: mm-kay and talking about how {D: tall womens are} {D: you'd say he's corner's about} 779: so many feet high interviewer: mm-kay and if a child's just had his third birthday you'd say he's 779: three years old interviewer: and if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a 779: frost interviewer: what if it's harder than that? 779: we had a freeze interviewer: and if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go 779: get me a hammer interviewer: and a game that children play where one child would be it and the others would hide 779: hide and seek interviewer: what do you call the tree you can touch to be safe? 779: base interviewer: mm-kay in football you run towards the 779: goal interviewer: and if we were planning to meet somewhere I'd say well if I get there first I'll 779: wait for you interviewer: and if you were about to punish a child he might ask you not to punish him just give him one more 779: chance interviewer: and someone who always catches on to a joke and always sees the funny side of things he's got a good sense of 779: humor interviewer: and you'd say we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminating company will get 779: rid of them interviewer: and say if a child left her pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there she'd say I bet somebody 779: took my pencil interviewer: anything else you'd say? 779: stole my pencil interviewer: mm-kay and something that a child plays with you'd call a 779: something a child plays with uh #1 gosh I don't know # interviewer: #2 it's well just anything # that a child plays with would be a 779: anything a toy interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear it called anything else besides a toy? 779: plaything interviewer: what about play pretty? 779: play pretty yeah interviewer: how is a play pretty different from a toy? 779: uh it's not any difference I don't guess interviewer: would you use the word play pretty? 779: I have when my children were babies interviewer: do you associate a play pretty with a baby? 779: I do interviewer: mm-kay and if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot of things growing out in your yard you'd go out and 779: pick uh pick the flowers? interviewer: mm-kay and a child that's always running and telling on other children you'd call him 779: a tattle tale interviewer: would you use that word about a grown up? 779: well yeah interviewer: what would it mean? 779: that they were always uh telling something about somebody else interviewer: #1 kind of a gossip you think # 779: #2 a gossip # or a busybody interviewer: what about the word pimp? do you ever hear that used to mean tattletale? 779: hmm not to mean tattletale no interviewer: what do you hear it with prostitution or 779: no I've just heard it I don't really know uh you know what they meant by it but I've heard it interviewer: about a grown person or a child? 779: uh either I guess people would just say a little pimp interviewer: um say if a child learned something new like um learned to whistle or something and you wanna know where the child learned it you'd say who 779: taught you that interviewer: and you'd say I have just what him a letter I have just 779: written interviewer: and yesterday he 779: wrote interviewer: and tomorrow I'll 779: write interviewer: and you say I wrote {D: him it was time dollar getting it} 779: what interviewer: I wrote him and I'm expecting to get a 779: letter interviewer: mm-kay or 779: #1 or an # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: an answer? interviewer: and if you put the letter in the envelope then you take out your pen and you 779: address it interviewer: any old fashioned way of saying that? 779: uh interviewer: did you ever hear back the letter? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and you'd say I was gonna write him but I didn't know his 779: address interviewer: and you'd say you can't get through there cause the highway department's got their machines in and now the road's all 779: blocked interviewer: or gone up and tearing it up now the #1 road # 779: #2 oh # all torn up interviewer: and you get someone a bracelet and you want to see how it looks on 'em you'd say go ahead and 779: put it on interviewer: and say if I ask you what's new you might just shake your head and say oh 779: nothing interviewer: and I'd say oh there must be 779: something interviewer: and if I ask you how long um say the river's been there you might say well the river has 779: been there for years interviewer: or it's what been there it's 779: uh interviewer: it's all 779: it's always been there interviewer: and you'd say um that wasn't an accident he did that 779: on purpose interviewer: and you'd say he moved here in nineteen sixty and he's lived here ever 779: since interviewer: and you'd say she what him with the big knife? 779: stabbed interviewer: mm-kay and say a teacher goes into a classroom and sees a funny picture up on the blackboard she might ask who 779: drew the picture? interviewer: and if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you could use pulley blocks and a rope to 779: to lift it up interviewer: anything else you'd say besides lift? 779: pull it up? interviewer: what about hoist or heist? 779: hoist it up interviewer: is that a word you'd use? 779: well yeah interviewer: if you meet someone at the early part of the day what would you say as a greeting? 779: good morning interviewer: how long does morning last? 779: 'til twelve twelve noon interviewer: then what do you have? 779: P-M afternoon interviewer: how long does that last? 779: uh does afternoon last? oh well P-M lasts until twelve at night interviewer: but how long does the afternoon {X} 779: oh well uh from twelve to six? #1 is that # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # and then what 779: then it's evening interviewer: how long does that last? 779: from six to twelve at night interviewer: and do you ever hear people use evening to mean like one o'clock in the afternoon? call that evening? 779: uh well yeah interviewer: who 779: I have interviewer: who uses that? 779: I've probably done it myself but uh you know a lot of people just say good evening instead of good afternoon when it's really afternoon they just say that interviewer: what if what would you say if you were leaving someone's house at about eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything as you were leaving? 779: um goodbye interviewer: what about good day? 779: #1 good # interviewer: #2 do you ever # 779: day yeah #1 I've said # interviewer: #2 you say good # day 779: well not very much mm-mm I'd say goodbye interviewer: with if you did say good day would you say it when you saw someone or when you were leaving 'em? 779: I would say it when I was leaving if I said it interviewer: and if you were leaving someone's house after dark you'd say 779: um goodnight interviewer: and you'd say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little bit of time but your bad luck comes all 779: at once interviewer: and if you said something more than once you would be saying it 779: twice interviewer: and you'd say last year we got twenty bushels to the acre and this year we got forty so this year's crop is exactly what is 779: double interviewer: {X} 779: double interviewer: huh 779: from last year's #1 or # interviewer: #2 or # exactly what as good? 779: twice as good interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 779: #2 as # last year's interviewer: and if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody 779: what time it oh what time is it? interviewer: mm-kay then you'd look at your 779: watch interviewer: and if it's midway between seven oh clock and eight oh clock you'd say that it's 779: oh half past the hour? interviewer: what if it's fifteen minutes later than that you'd say it's 779: forty-five minutes past the hour interviewer: or 779: or a quarter 'til quarter 'til eight interviewer: mm-kay and if you'd been doing something for a long time you'd say I've been doing that for quite 779: quite a long time interviewer: or for quite a 779: spell interviewer: and you'd say nineteen seventy-four was last year nineteen seventy-five is 779: this year interviewer: and if something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly 779: a year ago today? interviewer: and talking about the weather you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 779: clouds interviewer: and on a day when the sun is shining and you don't see any clouds you'd say that was a what kind of #1 day # 779: #2 a cloudy # day interviewer: what is just the opposite of that 779: oh you said the sun is shining interviewer: uh-huh 779: uh it's a clear day interviewer: mm-kay and if it's real dark and overcast you'd say it's a 779: cloudy day interviewer: and if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you think it's going to rain or something in a little while you'd say the weather is 779: uh looking rainy? interviewer: would you ever say it's changing or gathering or turning? 779: uh I might say the clou- clouds are gathering interviewer: what if it's just the opposite of that and the clouds are pulling away and the sun comes out you'd #1 say # 779: #2 it's # clearing off interviewer: mm-kay and now can you start counting to fifteen slowly? 779: by ones? interviewer: yeah 779: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen interviewer: and the number after nineteen 779: twenty interviewer: and after twenty-six 779: twenty-seven interviewer: and twenty-nine 779: thirty interviewer: thirty-nine 779: forty interviewer: and sixty-nine 779: seventy interviewer: and ninety-nine 779: a hundred interviewer: nine hundred ninety-nine 779: one thousand interviewer: and ten times a hundred thousand is one 779: #1 uh what ten times a hundred thousand # interviewer: #2 {X} # is one 779: one hundred thousand? #1 no # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: what you've got me mixed up now uh say it again interviewer: ten times a hundred thousand is one 779: one million interviewer: mm-kay and if there's some people standing in line the person at the head of the line is the 779: leader interviewer: or the what person? 779: um interviewer: in line you'd say 779: first? interviewer: and behind him is the 779: second interviewer: keep going 779: third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth interviewer: mm-kay and now won't you name the months of the year slowly? 779: uh January February March April May June July August September October November December interviewer: and the days of the week 779: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday interviewer: what does Sabbath mean? 779: Sunday interviewer: do you use that word? 779: uh well I have I guess you know I say Sunday interviewer: mm-kay and if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you're having a 779: dry spell interviewer: what else could you call that? 779: uh drought interviewer: is that the same thing? 779: mm yeah well uh a drought's when you just go you know for a real long period and don't have any rain with a dry spell it's the same thing really interviewer: how long a period would it have to be before it could be a drought? 779: uh maybe weeks mm you know interviewer: and a whole lot of rain that suddenly comes down 779: uh a downpour? interviewer: mm-kay anything else you could call that? 779: uh flood interviewer: what if there's thunder and lightning then you'd call it a 779: storm? interviewer: and if it's raining but not real hard you'd call it a 779: mm a mist interviewer: mm-kay what else? 779: a sprinkle interviewer: what else? 779: uh interviewer: what if it lasts just a long time? 779: lasts a long time interviewer: like you'd have a slow 779: a slow drizzle? interviewer: mm-kay what's the difference between a sprinkle and a drizzle? 779: I don't I don't guess there is any interviewer: what about if it's fairly hard but short you'd call it a 779: very hard but short uh a flood? interviewer: would you ever use the word shower? 779: shower yeah interviewer: how's that different from a 779: from from what? interviewer: from the mist or the sprinkle 779: #1 a shower? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh well I think a shower is a little harder than a than a sprinkle interviewer: what about a mist? 779: or a mist a mist is just fine fine you know rain and a sprinkle is a little bit heavier interviewer: what if you um get up in the morning and can't see across the road you'd call that a 779: fog interviewer: and a day like that would be 779: a foggy day interviewer: and do you y'all get any bad winds around here? 779: well sometimes not you know not anything like a hurricane interviewer: do you get any of the effects from the hurricane 779: yes yeah interviewer: such as what? 779: uh sometimes strong winds and hard rains and uh you know such as that interviewer: do y'all get flooding here? {D: from the river under your home} 779: uh well not uh they're actually you wouldn't say that they're Red River floods you know any place here but uh when we have a real hard rain you know j- and it rains for quite a period of time while the streets get flooded this underpass down here on Hearne floods out a lot interviewer: mm-hmm 779: #1 it it has gotten up so high that it could co- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: it would cover up a school bus down here have you been down here? interviewer: #1 yeah I know # 779: #2 yeah # it covers it's it's flooded a lot but the drainage is bad they when they fix those streets or you know when they built the streets they didn't I don't know they just didn't know fix the drainage right or something because it it'll flood out interviewer: mm-hmm 779: but it has to rain you know real hard for for a good little while interviewer: did Shreveport um when did how big is their city limit area do you know? it seems to be pretty 779: uh how big is the city limit area? interviewer: have they #1 incorporated # 779: #2 well # interviewer: a lot in the last 779: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: we have uh the city limit out south of town used to go uh well let's see if it was on it was just on this side I believe of the overpass out here on the Mansfield road and now it goes all the way Southern Hills have you been out to Southern Hills? well all of that o- out there is included I think now in the city limits if I'm not mistaken we've taken in quite a bit Shreveport's growing interviewer: how big is it now? do you you know 779: uh well how many people? um it's close to three hundred thousand interviewer: #1 really? # 779: #2 y- # mm-hmm yeah uh it may it may already be three hundred thousand I'm not for certain but the last time I heard it was not quite three hundred thousand interviewer: well that's really changed over time {X} #1 I guess you know # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # Shreveport #1 has grown # interviewer: #2 yep # 779: a lot interviewer: well the map I have lists it as a hundred eighty thousand #1 that's an old map # 779: #2 oh gosh yeah # that's old it's it's been past a hundred and eighty thousand for a long time interviewer: what's the racial makeup do you know? I mean what percentage of black 779: uh really I don't know the percentages uh I believe as it stands now there is more whites than blacks interviewer: did that ha- is that how it's always been since you were 779: uh yeah ever since I've known you know. Course the blacks are gaining all the time there's getting to be more and more of them all the time but uh it's always been more whites as long as I can remember {NS} 791: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Can I get your full name? 791: Levian (C: should be beeped out} {B} Interviewer: Okay. And this community is? 791: Calstone. Interviewer: Okay. You know the date today? 791: Tenth I think. Yeah it's the tenth. Interviewer: Okay. What's this parish? {X} 791: Barneth. Interviewer: Now Leesville is the? 791: County seat. Interviewer: County seat? 791: Right. Interviewer: I see. Why they call it the county seat instead of the parish seat? 791: Well it it's the same difference some 'em call it the county seat and some of them parish seat. Interviewer: I see. 791: Or the courthouse. Interviewer: Mm-kay 791: Sheriff's office same thing. Interviewer: With that real law 791: Right. Interviewer: {X} 791: Order Interviewer: Law and order. ah Was your birthplace can you tell me a little bit about your you know what you've done with ah 791: Well I was born on the {D: foul} {D: gravel} which is about ah five miles west of Leesville. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And later back when I was six years old I moved Sabine Parish. Lived in Sabine Parish until the beginning of World War Two. Interviewer: How long approximately would you say you lived in Sabine Parish? 791: Lived there from the time I was six 'til I was eighteen. Probably twelv- twelve years that I lived in Sabine. Interviewer: Okay. 791: And then moved went into the service in World War Two. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 791: And uh came back here lived here ever since. Interviewer: To this 791: #1 I moved # Interviewer: #2 town? # 791: here. {NS} Moved here Thanksgiving day in nineteen fifty-one. {X} Interviewer: Hmm uh 791: But I did live in Sabine Interviewer: Yeah. 791: from the time I was six 'til I was eighteen and I went to service. Interviewer: And what can I ask about your what you did for war for you after you left the service uh {NS} 791: I worked for air and transportation for a short while and then I went to hauling {D: detain} I hauled de- tr- drove detain trucks from nineteen fifty to nineteen sixty three. Interviewer: Yes sir. 791: I worked for Charleston Gas Company worked for {X} gas company ended up going into business three of 'em formed a partnership {D: star detain.} And then in sixty-three I sold out took my two parts. Interviewer: Okay. 791: In other words, I had a I had a farm but just it just {NS} raised my own proceeds that's what it amounts to I raised my own food to fill the freezers. Interviewer: Did you farm some? 791: Uh not in no big way he he farmed ten twelve fifteen acres all his all of his life. Interviewer: Yeah. Hmm Well patient you you you worked for a oil {NS} uh Petrol driver who drove a rig and that sort of thing? 791: Right. Interviewer: What what did you call it? What's a kind of {D: general} designation? #1 for it? # 791: #2 uh # Butane Interviewer: Yeah. You hauled butane. 791: Butane delivery and repair man. Maintained all the butane equipment for all of it. Finally the bu-butane Interviewer: Now this address is 791: Route six Box two seventy. Interviewer: Leesville? 791: Leesville. Interviewer: Okay can I ask your age if possible? 791: Fifty-one Interviewer: Alright. And your religion? 791: Baptist. Interviewer: Baptist. Alright. Baptist is the largest denomination. I'm Methodist but that you know but my father tells the old story about that about the church he went to he he was raised back in the country and he said uh the baptist church right across the road was always they were always singing uh will there be no the Methodists were always singing will there be stars in their {D: crowns and} natural thing, no not one. #1 {NW} # 791: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now you said you went to the school {X} 791: Right right. Interviewer: Okay. Tell me a little about uh your education that sort of thing. 791: I went to uh military school until mid-term in tenth grade then entered service. When I returned from service I went to night school and finished high school. Received my diploma from the night time high school. Interviewer: I'll say. You live in {D: Epton} 791: No sir I went and come. Interviewer: Is that so? 791: Yeah. Interviewer: You 791: It's just fifty-six miles if you go the Crookwood road. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: About fifty-six miles. Interviewer: From here? 791: Yep. Interviewer: But every day? 791: Uh no I didn't I didn't have to go but too long with it that was under that new set up with the army in other words to get your diploma. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And mostly went and take the tests it was it amounted to. Interviewer: {X} You studied mostly at home? 791: Permission to take home yeah. Interviewer: That's a funny name and I never hear it. {D: Napika} 791: It's hardly useful. Interviewer: I'm trying to figure out how to Okay. Can you tell me a little bit about your parents? Where they were born and where they were raised, that sort of thing? 791: My father was uh born in Sabine Parish. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: My mother was born in Vernon Parish. And when they were married well they lived in Vernon Parish. Up until I was six years old and that's when we moved to Sabine. And my father lives out in {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now 791: My mother still lives in Sabine Parish. Interviewer: Okay. What what about your folks' education? {X} 791: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now uh about your can you tell me about their occupation and education? A little 791: Well my father he he was running a log cutter and a scaler Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 791: and farmed on the side. Interviewer: That's a big occupation here 791: Big occupation and Interviewer: here in the day. 791: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 In the old day. # 791: He had days he cut lots logs and I've heard him say that he cut enough logs to have floored Sabine Parish solid with logs. Interviewer: {NW} 791: And later life he began to get older while he became a log scaler. Interviewer: yeah. 791: And He uh farmed just on the sideline to raise something to eat. Well back in 'em day it wasn't a lot of money in circulation. Interviewer: Money was 791: Money was scarce. Interviewer: yeah. {NW} I tell you what I heard I've heard some stuff about this Parish. You know the Parishes I've been working in they're not really rich. Like I'm from the South I'm from South Georgia. 791: South Interviewer: yeah. We weren't rich either. I heard therein the depression now folks had to folks had to turn to illegal manners of making money that is raising brewing some uh stuff out in the woods. 791: Well they there were lots of people who did. My my father never never did he he always does {NS} he was a good provider. We never went hungry and sometimes kinda slim pickings but he always managed to feed us now. uh Course it dipped when World War Two started that's why he'd and every-everybody began to live {X} And of course back in the late thirties while they're starting dipping uh days and every one had to dip well dip their cattle. Interviewer: yeah. {NW} 791: And he became {D: range rider and} he managed the dipping days were over well he got {NS} to stay on and ride Sabine River to keep cattle from crossing from Texas into Louisiana. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Bringing the fever tick back so {NS} he stayed on as range rider and rode the river Interviewer: Fever ticks are bad here right? 791: They were bad. Interviewer: Is that why they started it? 791: That's when they started their dipping days was to control the fever ticks. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. So you father was also kinda a cattle worker? 791: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 And # 791: we always we always had few cattle and Interviewer: Okay and do you remember his education or your mother. Did they do any? 791: About to sixth grade I believe I'm correct. They both went to about sixth grade. I remember one in- instance that uh my father's riding a range rider Sabine River and they had what they call black land slew. Well my father had had a Interviewer: What what's a black land slew? 791: It's a stream that runs into the river. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Water streams in they call it the black land slew because it's in a black land com- country. The soil called black land. Well they called it the black land slew. Well my father had been riding and he sold this horse that he'd had been riding all these uh months. He got the chance to make a good profit off of the horse so he sold it and then turned around and bought a cheap horse and this one particular morning well there was ice, it was wet, still raining and freezing and he got to the black land slew well it was deep where it run into the river. The river water was backed up. He had a slicker on and when the horse got to the black land slew well he just kept wading on out in the slew and my father figured well he'll start swimming in a minute but the horse never did swim he walked across on the bottom. {NW} He had with my father on him and the horse when he come out the other side, why my father's clothes were all froze well the only way he could warm up was he had uh some matches in the sweat band of his hat so he built him a fire and had to dry his clothes but they froze he just stood his clothes up and somebody was {X} but it Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 I don't know there were times when all rolled him back # Interviewer: Yeah, I tell ya, That is that's quite a #1 story. # 791: #2 But I # I figured you might want that {D: pitch you know the} Interviewer: {NW} Now okay your mother was always a house wife? 791: Right. Interviewer: She 791: She never public worked. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Alright. This {B} uh can you remember anything about your grandparent's on your father's side? Where they came from? 791: {D: Eh just from} from West Virginia as far as I can remember. Grandfather came from West Virginia. And well a schoolteacher as far as a I could find out. Interviewer: Did you ever know him? 791: I-I remember him. I barely remember him. In other words he passed away probably about when I was six or seven years old about the we moved to Sabine Parish. Interviewer: Now he was a you said he was a school teacher? 791: Yes He was schoolteacher for West Virginia. Interviewer: And uh when did he come out here? Was your father born in West Virginia or? 791: No sir he was born here. Interviewer: Uh Oh okay that's what you told me that I'm Uh When did your grandfather move here? Did he ever tell you or did you 791: No sir not I can't remember. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 791: My mother could probably tell us but I can't remember when she when they moved. Interviewer: He had a good education pretty good education. 791: He got a good education. Interviewer: Right. uh 791: Back those days lot schoolteacher didn't have to have four six years of college. If they got a nine month uh college education well they could teach school they would come a schoolteacher. Interviewer: yeah. 791: In fact they hadn't been too many years ago that we got teacher who's been teaching right here didn't have full college education. Interviewer: Um Okay now your grandmother can you remember where she came from or or on your grandfather's side. Did he teach school here? 791: No sir I don't believe he ever taught school here. If he did I don't remember. I'd like to say he did. Interviewer: Wh-what did he do here uh {B} 791: Farm farmer. Interviewer: Okay. Okay and your grandmother do you remember 791: My grandmother was uh she was born and raised in Sabine Parish she was uh uh {B} Interviewer: Oh I see okay so h-he married her out here. 791: Right. Interviewer: So he must've come here pretty you know pretty 791: #1 Came here # Interviewer: #2 young man. # 791: I believe when he was a pretty young {NS} and For sure her last name was {B} uh she uh the sheriff head sheriff in Sabine Parish Pat, Pat Phillips why they were close kin and I'm pretty positive that she was published. Interviewer: Did uh he fight uh in the I wonder if he 791: I believe he I believe he possibly had been too old to have fallen in World War One. Interviewer: That was what the uh the uh war before that. One that freed the salves. 791: Well now he it's possible that he might fought in it, I just I couldn't say. Interviewer: Okay. What what do you call that war though? 791: Civil War wasn't it? Interviewer: yeah okay any other names for it? {X} 791: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Alright. uh now 791: #1 if I made # Interviewer: #2 your grandparents # 791: {X} some people might have called it the war between the states Interviewer: Uh-huh Okay. Now your grandparent's on your mother's side can you tell me about them? That's yo- your're grandmother 791: They was they was both born and raised about ten miles west of Leesville. Interviewer: Kay. 791: My grandfather's name was {X} {B} Grandmother's name was {B} My grandmother was {D: Jane} before she married my grandfather. Interviewer: That's in Vernon Parish? 791: Right. All that's in Vernon Parish. Interviewer: So uh so your mother is your on your mother's side your actually about the third generation here in-in Sabine in this parish right? 791: Right. Interviewer: In Vernon Parish so did the name was Burrel? 791: {D: Burrel Dees} {C: should be beeped out} Interviewer: Dees. Okay. Did they farm? 791: They farm cattle {D: raise} {X} Interviewer: Uh Okay. And their education? Can you remember anything? 791: No sir I don't. Interviewer: Did did either one of 'em uh did you know either one of them or? 791: Oh yeah. I-I remember both of 'em. Interviewer: Do they read and write? Uh 791: Yes sir they can read and write. Interviewer: Go back any further than that? Do you remember did they ever tell you about their-their parents or anything like that? 791: Mm not that I can remember. uh Interviewer: In other words were they born they were born and raised here right? 791: They were born and raised here and their parents both lived and they born and raised here. Their parents were born and raised here. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh now um Tell me can you tell me about the first house you lived in? {B} And-and what it was like and that sort of thing. 791: uh Well the first house that I lived in a {X} came back from service and was married was uh Interviewer: Well the first house you were born? 791: Oh oh that I was born in? Interviewer: yeah. 791: It was a large-large house uh plain noth-nothing fancy but a nice home that we built out of new lumber. And it was Interviewer: It had over the si-outside it had 791: It had {X} or or one by eight uh drop side. shiplap I believe they call it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 shiplap # Interviewer: Alright. 791: And as far as I remember it wasn't painted the house burned in later years after we moved away from it. Why it burnt but it was a-a nice home. I mean for back in those days. Interviewer: yeah. 791: My daddy was uh stayed in lodge at {X} It was about the time World War One was over or after and he bought the lumber and had the house built. Interviewer: yeah. Now what'd you have for for kinda place where you cooked your food 791: #1 We had the # Interviewer: #2 stuff like that? # 791: kitchen with a wood stove. Interviewer: Okay. 791: No running water had a well you'd always draw the water. Maybe yours had a spring. Interviewer: Okay can you can you kinda give me a description of what the house was like? Did it have a 791: It had a front long front porch. Interviewer: Okay. Do you call it a porch always? 791: Right. Front uh but you can specify front porch and back porch well a lot of homes had a front porch and a back porch. This particular home had a long front porch with a hall leading off the front porch going down the center of the house. Interviewer: Okay. 791: With rooms on each side of the hall and a kitchen in the rear. Interviewer: Alright. Now uh you had a hall. Did you ever call hall anything else or was it just 791: No sir it's hall. Interviewer: Breeze way? 791: Hall All it was ever called back in those days. Interviewer: Okay now the hall went down the center of the house. 791: Right. Interviewer: You had what maybe what room on the left there uh the first 791: #1 You had the # Interviewer: #2 rooms? # 791: You had a living room on the right, bedroom on the left, another bedroom on the left. A bedroom on the right a small screened in dining room at the end of the hall with the kitchen on the right. Room on the right Interviewer: Okay. 791: And then another bedroom on the right. And then at the end of the hallway there was a large screened in dining area and a kitchen to the right of the screened in {NS} Interviewer: Okay at the end of the hall you had a large screened in dining area? 791: Right. Interviewer: Was that uh was that did the house kinda taper off there? 791: Uh Interviewer: Or did it get smaller? {NS} 791: No sir it was about it was the same all the way back. Interviewer: Okay. 791: In other words it goes Interviewer: It was like this then? About? 791: Uh yeah a little bit. That's wait let me let me see here this dining area and uh all that bedrooms you have. This is the dining I mean living. Interviewer: Okay okay I got it now then you got you had the hall coming down in the two different rooms there. 791: Right right. Interviewer: Did the hall come all the way through? 791: All the way at the front porch. Interviewer: I see. 791: And it {X} in between right here but then that that was the end of the hall right here then you had the screened in enclosure for the dining area and then the kitchen. Interviewer: Nice. So there wasn't a wall between the kitchen and the dining room right? {NS} Was there? 791: yeah. Interviewer: There was? 791: Yes there was a wall. Interviewer: Okay. Alright Well um now uh does you had in the in the uh in the living room you had a what for warmth? You had a? 791: Fireplace. Brick chimney. Interviewer: Brick 791: Brick chimney Interviewer: Okay and then uh the stuff on the uh outside you know the floor of the fireplace you call it what? 791: Hearth. Interviewer: Hearth. Okay. Can you tell me about the fireplace and the other you know some of the stuff in the house you had. Well you had you put the wood on the 791: Dog irons you put they called a dog irons Interviewer: yeah. 791: Had two most of them was made in blacksmith's shops. Had to hold the head on over at the welding shop and all Auxiliary: #1 {X} # 791: #2 the different types of # manufacturing and uh they called 'em dog irons that were made in the blacksmith's shop and you'd throw your wood on it build a fire. Interviewer: What'd you what would you start the fire with? 791: They start with a little rich lighter splinters. Interviewer: Alright. 791: Get your oak wood to burn. Course at night well you have to be careful not to leave a piece of oak wood to work with burn in two and then roll out into the house and burn the house. {NW} Most people would uh set something that was not flammable to where if it did roll out it would catch. A lot a lot of people use a screen a mesh screen to put around the hearth to keep the chunks of wood from rolling out into the floor. Interviewer: Tha-that uh big thing you call that a what? That you put on the fire if you got you wanna 791: Oak wood. Interviewer: yeah a big what a big {X} big. 791: Jus-just a block of old wood. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Block of old wood. Interviewer: Call that log or 791: Log or block of old wood. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} uh now um that stuff you get on your face when it when it uh when the fire going through the chimney or when your having it cleaned out? 791: {X} Interviewer: What's that? {NW} 791: But you brush those'll never have to clean one out it it would burn clean on a chimney. uh some people would try heating with uh cast iron heaters or canned heaters. Well if they used a lot of rich lighters Interviewer: yeah? 791: well they soot up but as long as your just used a small amount rich pine to start your fire why the oak wood would have a tendency to keep it burnt clean. Burn your chimney are you? uh Stove pipe I clean as long as you didn't use a lot of rich lighter. Interviewer: You didn't have uh any any stuff you need what to get rid of. 791: Ashes Interviewer: yeah. 791: You'd have to carry the ashes out almost every day winter time you'd burn lots of wood Interviewer: Uh-huh 791: carried ashes out. When spring the year was there well you have to cover the top of the chimney to keep the what they call chimney sweeps from building their nests in the chimney. Because the chimney sweeps are go coming in and building their nests while they break what soot was there well they break it loose and it fall down and and then when the cold weather was over well you covered the top of the chimney with this and then you'd also have a fire screen. It was nothing more then a frame with a either wall paper or some type of stuff art that you covered the fire place to keep the wind from blowing ashes or soot from out of the chimney back out into the living room. Interviewer: Okay. Now you had maybe something up over the fireplace where you kept your clock or something. 791: A mantel board. Interviewer: Mantel board? 791: Mantel. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um The ashes were usually what color they were kinda? 791: Whitish gray. Interviewer: White okay. What about uh the stuff you had in the um the end of uh house where you kept things and uh your you know your uh 791: Well you had the uh Interviewer: What sort of a 791: You had the uh {D: woven} closet on the cook stove on the wood to cook stove like you had a {D: woven} closet which was up over the cook stove. With doors on it and food that wouldn't spoil easy. While after cooked meal well you just had it up in the uh {D:woven} closet and no time {X} couldn't get to it. and uh most of the stoves a lot of the stoves had uh a water warmer on the side of it next to the fire box before you put uh filled it water warmer with water and uh heat from wood with it to keep the water warm for dish washing or bathing. and uh you had then a safe that was fixed to what it uh most people had little uh star shaped deals or uh diamond shaped uh cut out in the doors. Interviewer: yeah. 791: with screen over it to where it uh no kind of insects could into the middle of it put it in the safe. Interviewer: yeah really? 791: You would uh at the same time it would let air in and uh no insects could get get in. Interviewer: Huh 791: If you cut out a diamond shape or a square and tight screen over it and then set food in it and be safe. Interviewer: Hmm. What about the kind of other pieces of uh or uh did you have any other types of furniture? 791: Well you had a large uh dining table uh our particular dining table well uh my father uh cut the cherry and red cherry and had it uh sawed and plained it I believe or dressed it himself and he built the table. It was a large one {X} Interviewer: Cherry tree? 791: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Really? 791: Yes sir. And uh Interviewer: Okay now uh now you might have a something you keep your clothes in it had the they'd always have drawers in it what what was that? 791: A chest of drawers but Interviewer: chest of drawers? 791: but uh that was in later years most of it was trunks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: They had the old metal trunks that they {NS} put clothes in and and then they had what's called a chifforobe. Before the chest drawers they had the chifforobe. Interviewer: Okay. What is a chifforobe? 791: It was a tall usually about seven foot high and had a a lot of them had a mirror on one side with a storage overhead across the top a place to hang clothes on hangers and then a few drawers underneath. A place for the men's hat or the lady's hat and then usually a drawer across the bottom. Interviewer: Okay. So did you have kind of a long piece of furniture like that? Did you? 791: No sir it was usually uh up until later years why it was a just rocker chairs or straight chairs. Interviewer: Okay. 791: There's an old saying go most children why they learn walk on a straight chair because they would turn the straight chair as you probably saw 'em why just nothing but plain straight chair most of 'em made out of hickory wood uh cow hide at the bottom and most little fellers back them days would start learning to pull up while he turned the chair over to start with Interviewer: Yeah. 791: then he'd push the chair on its back and hold to it and push it in front of him and that's the reason if you go around a lot of the old timing places now you can still find chairs with the wooden backs and the back of the two back legs wore off because children would push them around on the floor learning to walk. Interviewer: {NW} You call that now a what? 791: That would be a a divan Interviewer: Divan? 791: Divan Interviewer: Okay. Alright. uh Any other names for it that you know 791: Couch. Interviewer: Okay uh yeah they have those maybe in the in the what? 791: They probably have them in the more modern homes. Interviewer: Well 791: And in later years Interviewer: yeah. Did you have a room where your mother wouldn't let you go in usually or you only use that for visitations? 791: No sir we had free free access to all the rooms. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh what about um the parts of the house uh did you have what was what'd you call the room where you did most of your most of the you know family business in or stay in most the time or? 791: Well the livin-living room is where Interviewer: {NW} 791: livin-living room was uh Interviewer: Your family likes to eat huh? 791: yeah. Liv-living room uh we we that's where everybody ga-gather up in the evenings uh when it begin to get dark. {X} A lot of time I-I supper for parch peanuts or pop pop corn and sit around and talk 'til bed time. Interviewer: yeah. Okay now you uh the tables, chairs and all this is called what the? 791: Dining table and chairs. Interviewer: Well you might all this you call the what? The fur or the 791: uh you mean in the dining area? Dining Interviewer: Well just anything in any room you'd say you call this the Furn 791: Furniture. Interviewer: Okay alright alright. Um did you have now those things hanging down the window what do you call them? 791: Uh shades Interviewer: Shades? Okay. Um 791: So you had shades back those days and uh a lot of people had curtains. We had curtains. Lot of 'em only had the shades. Interviewer: yeah. yeah. Some people some folks didn't even have uh some folks just had wooden uh 791: A lot of people had wooden shutters wooden. A lot of 'em had uh log homes with uh wooden shutters. Interviewer: Must've been wet in 791: With the cracks filled with clay. Interviewer: yeah. yeah. 791: Cold out. Interviewer: uh Now um did you have a little room off the bedroom which you'd hang your clothes in? 791: No sir it was usually a little closet that was built in one corner of the bedroom. Interviewer: Okay. 791: It wasn't like it is this day in time with hall closets and they just be one little uh deal. Squared off in the corner you'd hang your clothes and Interviewer: uh you well some folks used to have a did you have like a piece of furniture that was uh that was you know when you had hun- hung your stuff? Was that the chifforobe you called it? 791: That was chifforobe. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. uh You know was a wardrobe was? Di-did folks ever use those? 791: Yes sir. They used those too. That was that was it was on the same principle of as the chifforobe. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Now did you have a room at the top of the house that? 791: No sir we didn't have a room at the top of the house. It was uh There was attic but there was no room. Interviewer: Oh okay. Well that's what I was talking about. 791: yeah th-there was there was no attic I mean no rooms livable. Interviewer: Okay. uh Now you say did most did folks some folks have a kitchen of the house uh or 791: A lot a lot of families had their kitchen off set from the old home. Well they'd have a walkway from the main house to the kitchen. Interviewer: Okay. 791: A covered walkway. Interviewer: And you call that the the what? Did you did it did it have a name for it uh? 791: Nothing just a walkway. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you had a back porch or something like that what'd what'd you call that? The? 791: It would be back porch Interviewer: Back porch. 791: Back porch some of them be a straight back porch some back porches would be an L-shape. In order to square up the house, well they they might have a room that extended on past the last two rooms and then they uh just squared up where they put small back porch to square up the large house. Interviewer: Okay. What um they wouldn't have a uh maybe a stoop? Wha-what did you would you ever did you ever hear the word stoop used for something? #1 that stoop? Okay. # 791: #2 No sir I don't I don't believe # Interviewer: Alright. Now {X} worthless things you about to throw away where'd you keep those? What c-can you tell me about the buildings the rest of the buildings on the you had you know at the place that sort of thing? 791: Well uh we had uh {D: Ragler's} uh chicken house in fact we had chicken house that uh was screened in. World War One I presume it was there was a colonel {X} {B} built it his home. Interviewer: yeah. 791: And {NW} he built a chicken house before my dad bought the place and he even had screened windows of {D: slotch} to where the chickens could get out and he could shut them up from the vermins. And we had a large uh two story barn with a hay loft over head and stables underneath for keeping the livestock. About the uh that's about just the way that we usually had a potato {D: kiln} where we kept our sweet potatoes. Interviewer: yeah. 791: Potato bank. Interviewer: yeah somebody told me you know what was a potato bank? Tell me about can you tell me about what those were? 791: Well my father built one why he just dug in dug down in the ground approximately a foot deep and about four feet wide and about twelve fifteen feet long. Interviewer: Okay. 791: And then put {X} the side of the bank. He caved it off with heavy timbers. And built roof over it and in the fall of the year when you go baking your sweet potatoes why you would you had one side of it that you would lift off at the end of our roof. You'd just lay it over out of the way. You'd start at the rear of the you'd start at the rear of the potato bump and start dumping your potatoes in and work to the front. And you would have straw on the bottom an-and when you got all the potatoes in before you put the top back on why you'd gather straw and cover the potatoes to prevent them from freezing. Then you'd lift the side roof back on and then you had a door large enough to get in it at the front and you'd that's where you'd go in to get your potatoes to use for the winter. Interviewer: Huh. 791: And they would usually keep good there. Interviewer: Now did you have a lot of old stuff that you you know kept or on a farm people never throw anythings away. 791: Well uh not not all that much because uh back those days they wouldn't not put your things that was not usable as of this day in time. In other words, most of the things back them days was strictly toola to work will ya and uh you didn't have uh fifteen or twenty plastic buckets and metal buckets uh around uh Interviewer: Didn't have a lot of 791: You didn't have a lot of that. You had a well bucket and a water bucket and a dipper and a tea kettle and maybe a foot tub or two and that was about the limit of it. But uh they wasn't near as much junk back those days as there as there is this day in time. Interviewer: yeah. 791: Cause the-there were not many manufactures of all the different kinds of containers and things. Interviewer: Did you have a place where you stored your tools or uh 791: We-we had a wagon shed that we kept the wagon under and that's where you kept the horse harness saddle bags blankets and kept all your tools Interviewer: Okay. 791: Those things go to my father and I guess I pretty well followed after him. Well my father always made the remark that uh he could go in if no one bothered it well he could go to the darkest night there was and put his hands on any tool or equipment that he had without a light and he could do it too. Interviewer: Kept it clean how? 791: He kept everything where he knows where it's at. He could put his hand on it without a light. Interviewer: Now uh how how would you get from the first floor to the second floor on in a regular house? You'd use what the? 791: Stairway. Interviewer: Stairway? 791: Stairway Interviewer: What any difference inside and out? Does it have 791: No sir they the same be the same thing be either inside stairway or outside. Most of 'em was inside where they wouldn't wouldn't rock. Interviewer: Did uh did um let's see Pat can you tell me about the work woman had to do on the farm uh or woman had to do you know 791: Well they they cook prepared stuff to can. Interviewer: On Monday and Tuesday they'd usually do their? 791: Probably they'd do their washing on Monday or Tuesday. Interviewer: Okay. Te-tell me about how to do that. Ca-can you remember? 791: My dad had the old timing washtubs and a rub board. and uh I saw my mother do it a million times. She'd wash put have the wash pot with uh full of water and she'd put her clothes on and put add the uh soap there wasn't detergent and all of these modern {NW} things it was uh usually lye soap made out of hog lard or waste lard and lye. Um she would use the lye soap and borrow the clothes and then rub 'em and then on a rub board and rinse 'em. Do about two or three washes. And the biggest part of this was did it out of the spring it was down under the hill because it was easy it was easier easier to dip water from the spring than it was to draw water from the well. Interviewer: I see. 791: So she had to set up uh place to for her wash tubs and there was a large rich lighted stump right by the spring. And when you would wanna drink water well you didn't run to the faucet or to the ice box refrigerator to get water. There was usually a gourd dipper made out of a gourd hanging on the spring and you'd go down to the {NS} get you a drink of water out of the gourd sit on the stump while you cooled a little. Interviewer: {NW} Oh my goodness Oh now she'd carry the clothes down to the spring in a in a maybe a? 791: Usually in a sheet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: Bring a sheet out put all of her family wash on the sheet tie 'em up in a knot carry 'em to the spring and when she was finished well she'd put them in a tub and carry them to the line and hang 'em. And of course iron time came. Well she'd iron all the clothes need to be ironed with an old wooden iron that uh you had on a wood cook stove. You'd heat the iron on the wood cook stove. Interviewer: Now the back yard you had to kept it keep it? 791: It was kept clean mostly usually those days well you'd let grass grow in the yard and keep it mowed. You kept it hoed Interviewer: That's what I hear. 791: and swept with a yard brush. It had to be spotless. Interviewer: Really? Where would you keep that broom usually up? 791: Usually on the end of the porch. Interviewer: I see. Okay. um Behind the door ever or back of the door? Would you say? 791: No sir not the yard broom. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 Cause the # broom was made out of dogwood uh scraps. You would take the yard broom you'd build it out of cut some really young tender dogwood several of them and uh let 'em dry and strip the leaves off of 'em and tie 'em with a string tie a bundle of 'em and that's the way you'd make a yard broom. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Excuse me. So what'd you call a part of the um up on the uh covers the house that's the? 791: Roof. Interviewer: Well uh yeah um 791: Board? Board roof. Interviewer: Did you have a place on the roof where you uh you know where they'd carry the water off from the edge of the house? uh 791: No sir back uh we did uh just the water poured off the edges. A lot of people where water was a scarcity well a lot of people would have a a gutter trough that would run to a cistern. Either above ground cistern or a under ground cistern. And your underground cistern was no more than a dug well except it was huge in diameter and pretty deep to where it would store up a lot of water for the dry months. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: Fill each cisterns in the rain period and use that water then when there wasn't any left. Interviewer: I see. 791: We-we always was blessed with plenty of water spring and well water shallow right. Easy. Interviewer: How yeah okay. uh Now if you have a house the part where maybe two roofs come together you call that the what? 791: Valley. Interviewer: The valley? Okay. Alright. um Did you have a place where you store your wood? Tell me about what you had to do about getting wood in for the fire and that. 791: W-we usually in the late fall of the year well we'd uh {X} cut the saw and the wagon and ax and saw and go and cut the fire wood and haul it for several days and cut six or eight cords and stack it up where it would be easy access to the fireplace. For you it would be outside of the yard. Use a hard wheel wheel bar to bring the wood to the porch. And then Interviewer: Then you'd bring your 791: Every evening why you'd bring the wood in and stack it up high on the porch and then you'd have wood for the next morning or 'til the next evening. Interviewer: Okay. Your mother might tell you to go get a? 791: A load of wood, an arm load of wood Interviewer: A load of wood okay. Alright. um Now uh did you have did you have an outdoor toilet? 791: Yes sir. Interviewer: Okay. What uh what did you call that? The? 791: Call it call it the outdoor toilet. Interviewer: Okay. Folks have any funny names for it or joking names for it uh? 791: uh Interviewer: If you remember 791: Not that I remember {X} uh Interviewer: Pretty or 791: No. No-not that I remember {X} Interviewer: Okay. Just call it maybe the outhouse? 791: Outhouse. A lot of people called it the outhouse. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what now other parts of the places in barn. Where would you uh I mean places on the farm where would you keep your hay or or you store your hay at? 791: In the upstairs up over the uh where you kept your livestock and then you had a hay rack that well which was more than a hole cut in the floor of the hay barn. And you had your hay trough and right built underneath this hole {X} you didn't have to bring the hay back down the ladder. You'd just climbed the ladder and put however much hay you wanted to down through this hole opening into the long hay racks. Interviewer: In-into the trough? 791: Into the trough and the racks. Interviewer: Huh 791: And that way you didn't have to bring the hay down the ladder or throw it out on the ground in the dirt. And you'd just feed it right through uh feeding lots of hay well you'd just pile a bunch of it on top of it and it'd stop with it well it would keep falling and working it's way down. Interviewer: I see. Okay now the barn you used for uh so the barn you used for for what what all you know what other purposes? 791: Yo-you had stables that you kept your horses in. Interviewer: Okay. 791: And stables you kept cows in. And then you had an open shed where cows could stay under it on the rows. Uh this particular barn had uh my father why it was made out of twelve by twelve the foundation. Interviewer: Oo 791: Made out of twelve by twelve rich lighter. Interviewer: yeah. 791: And each joint was there was a hole chiseled with a wooden {X} wood chisel and a hammer and a oblong round it was chiseled all the way through and then the end of the next twelve by twelve it was going to go cross ways would be tapered in this oblong and put through this hole. Interviewer: yeah. 791: And then a hole drilled all the way through all three of 'em with about an inch and a half or two inch rich lightered uh plug that went through that to hold it together. In other words it wasn't it wasn't nails wouldn't have held it Interviewer: mm-hmm 791: and that large of timbers so they drilled a hole and put this large plug through it. And that's the way it was built. Interviewer: Good work. 791: It was some good work. Interviewer: huh Now you stored corn in a? 791: Corn crib usually made out of logs. Some people split them some people used little small round ones. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Our particular corn crib well it was split. It was made out of split logs. It was split wide open. Interviewer: Uh this did you have a place where uh you might store uh grain of some sort any other sort of grain uh? 791: No sir they uh back those days well you didn't have uh the bins and different types of grains about all you had was corn and maybe {D: sorghum} heads or dried peas and you'd usually put them in the barn or in a place where they would cure without rotting. You'd have the peas and sorghum heads and corn is about the only free and peanuts. You'd actually you would have your {D: stalks} peanuts {NW} cut the long wooden stakes and maybe your two little short planks about twelve by fourteen inches from the end and you would drive the stake in the ground. Interviewer: yeah. 791: And then you would gather the you'd pull you peanuts and when they dried enough that the dirt would shake off why you'd carry the peanuts vines to the stake and just catch a small amount of limbs on one side and leave all the other limbs on the other side. And you'd take a small amount of limb and wrap it around the stake and you'd keep going all the way around 'til that was in order to make it shed water. Well the water would go in and uh that way when the peanuts cured why this uh you could just lean the stalk over lean the shock over and carry it to the barn. Interviewer: yeah. Huh Pretty good. And that's how you dried 'em? 791: That's how you dried 'em. Air can circulate obvious because those two little wooden planks they would cross the end would be hold peanuts off the ground for air would circulate underneath the shaft. Interviewer: Hmm. uh now up the part part of the barn where you kept put hay you call the? 791: The hay loft. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see um did you ever have a time where you grew too much hay you couldn't keep it all in the barn? 791: No sir I don't believe. You-you'd usually make room for for the hay. Interviewer: yeah. Well did you ever see it out in the field uh in a what? What did uh what would they keep it in? 791: Hay stack yo-yo-you some people stacked it out here in the field. My father never did he always put it in the hay loft. But a lot of people made a hay shock they'd drive up the state then go to putting the hay around the shock and as the shock build up well they'd take a pitch fork and keep raking the hay. So the outside from the stake to the outside which would make the grass lay straight and would have a tendency to do the same as the peanuts. It would make it shed water. Interviewer: I see. 791: To keep it from rotting. Interviewer: So a shock was a what? 791: Ha-hay stack or a hay shock. Interviewer: Alright when you tell me about uh the cutting hay and that sort of thing. Do you remember doing it to the? 791: We had the old uh horse-drawn hay cutter mowing machine. Horse-drawn hay mower and then you had a horse-drawn rake that would you would rake the hay Interviewer: Into 791: into a uh windrow and that ev-every time you'd come to that certain spot you'd trip your hay rake and it would dump the hay. And you'd rake it up in piles with this horse drawn dump rake and then you'd have Interviewer: These piles you call the what? The windrow? 791: Windrow. And then you'd had uh your two horse wagon. With a bed on it now my father did and he did it a little different to a lot of the farmers. But my father always had this two horse wagon and he'd take me with two large uh pieces of heavy timber for the front and for the rear and made a cross out of 'em. Interviewer: yeah. 791: And put a large bolt through it well this he would put one of these in the front and one in the rear and let it uh one end with two by four stick down in one corner of the front of the bed and the other end with two by four sticking in the other end. When you put this on the front and rear and then laid about three or four planks. Well that would throw your hay you could put hay all two or three feet out past the wheels on each side you just make what they call a a hay frame. And that way you could pile a lot of loose hay on this hay frame and head to the barn. I on the same principal that load of hay you see in the picture there it looks like you might have hay frames on that wagon. Interviewer: yeah. That's a pretty picture. uh Now did you ever see hay covered maybe in sort of a with four poles it had a sliding roof a tin roof something like that on it? #1 Did you ever see # 791: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 You ever saw that? # 791: #2 I never saw that # Interviewer: Okay. um now did you have a place where you special place where you'd milk the cows? Outside maybe a? 791: You-you'd just usually milk them in the lot. Interviewer: Okay. 791: You'd have usually back those days you kept the milk cows calf up every day and uh the cow would run outside Interviewer: Uh-huh 791: and then when the cow came up out that evening or when some of the children had to go drive her up well you'd the mother would milk the calves and just let the milk guy in. Rope off the calf and cow would stand there most back then they well there wasn't all this new types of feed you-you'd feed 'em peanut vines and uh nubbins of corn and Interviewer: And you just Okay tell me about what you did you-you'd once you got the milk what would you carry it in? What I mean what would milk 'em in a? 791: You'd milk them in a milk pail and you'd car-carry the milk to the house and strain it. Through what they call a strainer. Back those days why it was more nothing more then uh a thin flour sack. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 791: You'd strain the milk and you'd strain it into either gallon buckets or glass jars. And there wa-was no refrigeration. There was no ice boxes. So you didn't run to the refrigerator or the ice box for your milk. you wanted milk to be cool and wanted it to be sweet for supper that night if you milked in the morning well you'd take this milk and put it in the container that you could seal water tight and you would either set it in the spring or let it down in the well on a rope. And leave it there 'til it's time to use it. Interviewer: Okay what'd you call it when you maybe sat in the a place where well where did you have a place where uh water would run by milk excuse me and keep it cool? 791: Well a lot of times we'd leave it at the spring while we had we had a place that uh we'd let the had more it was nothing more then a a little small pond below the spring that was fenced in for no stop could get to it and you'd set the milk in this little pond and water would it was within a foot of the spring and water would flow out the spring and run right through the milk. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call that dairy what was dairy a? 791: Well a dairy was a place where that uh they milk several milk cattle. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. um A place where you might keep your potatoes or something like that? 791: Well that'd be potato {D: kill} That-that's Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 What I'd # Interviewer: Alright okay. um now uh Di-did you keep where do you keep your hogs usually at? 791: Well back those days the hogs run outside and you-you'd leave them outside. They'd eat grass, berries things through the summer you'd feed them a little stuff all through the summer. And then in the fall in the fall of the year why you would uh have your boars or the ones you wanted to butcher you'd bring them in and call 'em up and you'd after you'd gathered you crop well there's always waste corn, velvet beans sweet potatoes. Well then you would uh turn your hogs that you was going to butcher for your meat uh you would turn them in to the field and let 'em get as fat as they would get until they had left the field out. Then you would put 'em in a pen Interviewer: yeah. 791: And put the finishing touch to it with corn. Interviewer: {NW} Bet those boys were fat by the time you got 'em ready you know. 791: You-you made you'd put up the only meat. Interviewer: yeah. yeah I'm-I wanna get ready to ask you about that. Now a place where around the barn that you left all the animals just kind of get out what would you call that? 791: A lot. Interviewer: A lot? 791: A lot or a run around pen. Interviewer: It was fenced in? 791: Fenced in Interviewer: Okay. And then you decide you let 'em out what in the? Where would you let them out to graze? 791: Out-outside back those days there wasn't too many pastures. I mean we didn't have a pasture. It was open range there was no stop laws anywhere Interviewer: yeah. 791: in this area. It was all open range. Interviewer: yeah. 791: And uh Interviewer: A pasture was was that usually fenced? 791: It-it was fenced. A pasture would be fenced. Usually about two or three strands of barbed wire all that was necessary to keep stock in the pasture. Interviewer: What what type of fences did you have? 791: Yo-you had the same uh fences as you have now. Barbed wire and net wire Interviewer: Mm-kay 791: You had barbed wire fences and net wire most people had it uh if they were farming well they had to have net wire with barbed wire because back those days everybody had a hogs. It wasn't just one or two it was everyone had hogs and everyone had 'em marked everyone used uh their own hogs and usually the other people's hogs. Used the other man's mark. Interviewer: Okay talking about barb you said you had barbed wire fence. Did you ever have a type of fence made out of wood kind of a 791: Rail fence? Interviewer: yeah. 791: yeah sure had rail fences. Interviewer: Mm-kay any different types of rail fences or? Well you had you had rail fences that was in a zig-zag they was a zig-zag you know you had to zig-zag the rail fence in order to stack 'em. In other words you'd have have 'em going in uh a zig-zag line in order to stack the ends of the rails for the next uh section of fence. Then you had uh a lattice fence. What they called a lattice fence. Well it was no more than take a oak usually white oak and cut it in about three and a half or four foot lengths Uh-huh 791: and then split those to where that they was as wide as you could get 'em. But no thicker then about three quarters of an inch. Well the way you'd build this lattice fence you would take two long wires out of a nice wire. And tie 'em to the top of the post at the height of your lattice or top of your lattice fence was going to be. You tie 'em to then you take two at the bottom tie two of 'em then you'd take one lattice stand it up and put it next to your post. And you would cross your wires one time on your two bottom wires and your two top wires. And you put another lattice in and then cross each one of your two wires you tie it at the bottom again and put another one and you'd do this 'til you come to the next post. And you'd staple the top and the bottom wire to the post just like you did to it at the beginning. And you build a lattice fence and then if you wanted to you could put a barbed wire over the top of it. Then you had the picket fence you had a bottom latch and a top latch which is similar to the uh lattice fence the only difference you're nailing the pickets to a bottom lad and a top lad whereas you using wire for a lattice fence. You lacing it in. But the picket fence you'd have a bottom lad and a top lad and you would ride your pickets out of rich lightered or some people used cypress some people use oak. And they'd taper the sharpened ends of the pickets before the livestock wouldn't try to reach over and bite the flowers or plants that the {D: half} wife would have growing in the yard up next to the fence. Interviewer: yeah uh did you okay Did you have a type of thing extension you might build over top rail of a rail fence? uh Di- wo- would that it keep the fence high enough to uh hold out hold in the big animals you know? Uh rather then you know using more wood to build it up higher? 791: #1 uh no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: No sir th-the only way we ever did we we had the rail fence and usually about eight or nine rails high and then if they were something that wanted to push on it or something well you take one strand of barbed wire and run it on the outside or the inside or both uh about two and a half feet from the ground and that would keep them from getting up to it you'd have these points where your rails the ends of the rails crossed. Interviewer: yeah. 791: And that way while that livestock couldn't get up in the inside part of the rail fence to push the rails. Interviewer: Oh okay. Now did you ever raise cotton? 791: Yes sir. Raised a little cotton not a whole lot. Interviewer: Tell me about the work you did. 791: Well they they would they to me it was all work uh Interviewer: yeah. 791: I-I never after I married and got a family well I never grow but one bale of cotton and I said that was it. Interviewer: {NW} 791: Because I had to pick cotton whenever I was a child growing up and my dad my daddy planted cotton not in no big way but he planted uh a little cotton. and Imma tell you too much work in that cotton to suit me. Interviewer: You had to uh do uh you had to what? uh 791: You had to chop it Interviewer: Chop it 791: Then they was able to use nothing more than fitted in cotton you'd chop at least two or three stalks so far apart Interviewer: Okay. Now uh you might say cotton was grown in a what? In a? Cotton? 791: Patch? Interviewer: yeah. Okay. 791: #1 yeah you'd have a cotton patch. # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay what would you wha-what kind of things would you grow in a patch maybe? 791: Well you'd have a #1 sugarcane patch. # Auxiliary: #2 {NS} # 791: #1 You'd have a sugarcane patch. # Auxiliary: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: Sugar-sugarcane patch? 791: You'd have a sugarcane patch. Maybe a peanut patch. It'd be a small area for each you'd have different little patches. Interviewer: I see. Okay. 791: We'd have a peanut patch, a sugarcane patch, course you had your big field that you had your cotton and your corn in and then you'd have a garden. Interviewer: yeah. Garden okay. If you wanted to start a hen lay what'd you wh-what'd you put in her nest sometimes uh to fool her or something like that? 791: Well eh most times eh you didn't start 'em uh laying that way or my experience was uh you more or less they was chicken snakes and things like that until you would put a false egg in the hen nest. Interviewer: yeah. 791: If there was a few you could leave a false egg there and uh in fact the {X} uh chicken snake they had been the old-timey glass white uh door knob that you used years ago on the door and why you'd put that white glass door knob in there and the chicken snakes would swallow 'em they'd been found with uh stumps the chicken snakes swallow the egg and then wraps himself around a object and crushes the egg. Well the chicken snake would swallow this glass door knob and he would end up dying because he couldn't crush the door knob. Interviewer: yeah. Somebody else told me that. And you call that egg a what? A chi-? 791: Uh Interviewer: You ever hear folks call it a china egg? 791: China egg. Interviewer: Okay alright. um now your but your china was what? That was your? Was that your? 791: Your china was your Interviewer: What you'd eat off of. 791: Right you Interviewer: Okay. Now you told me what sort of uh things did you have to carry water in. A bucket? 791: A bucket. Interviewer: yeah okay. And yo-you 791: You had a dipper. They Interviewer: Dipper made out of? 791: Aluminum there's a general rule that uh at the house course down at the spring why you'd have the old-timey dipper made out of a gourd you'd take a gourd and make a dipper out of it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh did you you know what kind of bucket might you keep in your kitchen to throw scraps in for the pigs? 791: That was usual that was called a slop bucket usually kept it outside. Close to the house uh close to the kitchen but it was kept outside. Interviewer: Okay. What'd you fry eggs in? 791: A skillet. Interviewer: Your mother would fry 791: fry skillet and bacon lard. Interviewer: Okay. Did she ever have a did she ever cook on the fire did you ever see? 791: Uh very very {D: sullen uh} if she had something she was going to cook a long period of time and it was in the winter time well she would cook uh beans and things dry beans stuff that had to be uh cooked long period of time why she would uh set an iron pot in the coals of the fireplace. Interviewer: You might call that pot a what? A k- uh? 791: It was just a huge iron pot with legs on it and some people baked their sweet potatoes on top of this large pot. They'd have something cooking in the pot and they'd lay the sweet potatoes on top of the lid. And some people even bake their sweet potatoes in the ashes. direct Interviewer: yeah. 791: Yep. Interviewer: yeah I yeah I heard that folks doing stuff like that D-did you ever um Did you now you call that iron pot a what a kettle? Did you ever have a kettle of any sort? 791: Well you had a iron kettle Interviewer: I see. 791: You had a iron kettle with a handle and a spout on it that you with and a lid that would slide back and forth And you would uh set there and set it direct on the fire. and uh heat your water. Okay and 791: {D: Sausage.} cure my own meat. Smoke my own bacon. Interviewer: You bu- 791: I do all my own butchering I'll get my brother to help me when I got big hogs. {D: I think} I got big hogs out there now. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: About uh {D: sixteen heads of 'em.} And I'll keep those {NS} I'll just feed 'em. {NW} Interviewer: That's great. Because you know I don't know I've talked to a lot of farmers recently. Yeah. 791: Let me. Interviewer: Go ahead yeah. D- don't worry about it put. 791: {D: I was gonna} back up just a little bit #1 uh. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 791: Years ago I won't never forget uh one of the gentlemen's still living uh mr George {B} {D: out at} {D: Toro} {NS} his brother Wiley they were good good friends of ours and they had got ahold of a blue horse from one of my uncles. Interviewer: #1 A blue horse? # 791: #2 A # blue horse. And they had no one ever been able to ride him except my uncle's son. And he rode him about twelve miles after working him all day. But the blue horse ended up uh during that twelve miles why he kicked the soles and heels off of my nephew's shoes by trying to throw him. #1 He he # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 791: pitched what they call a fence roll. He when he Interviewer: #1 Pitched a fence roll? # 791: #2 what started. # Pi- pitching why it was uh pitching a fence roll which they call the ol' ray of fence a zigzag motion. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 Well # {D: the Willy boy} #1 bought # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: {D: these horse} the blue horse and they worked him in the river field all day that particular day. So that afternoon well they decided that they'd ride the old blue. So mr George {B} asked his brother Wiley said uh Wiley said which one gonna ride old blue first? And George said it uh it don't make no difference. But Wiley he said I'll just ride him first. Interviewer: {NW} 791: So when he did why George got on the horse. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 Well he # started bucking and pitching the fence roll. {NS} So Wiley hollered to George they had an old well there that they wasn't wasn't in use anymore. It was about twelve fifteen feet deep. So Wiley hollered at George said George said look out said old blue's headed for that old well. {NS} And when he #1 did # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: why George said that's all right said that's just where I want him. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 And # sure enough the old blue horse fell in the well. So when he fell in the well George got off of the blue horse and crawled out. Why nicely the horse fell in {NS} with his hind feet first and was in the well. And Wiley says now what are ever gonna do George? He said we gonna leave him in there 'til morning and he said when morning comes said we will dig him out. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 So # they left him in the well overnight. and the next morning they went down and started about ten or twelve feet out from the well and dug a trench down to where the blue horse could walk out of the well. Interviewer: #1 No kidding. # 791: #2 Oh yeah # mr George {B} still living {D: in fact of business I've} talked with him about a week or ten days ago. He's f- getting feeble but he is still living. Interviewer: {NW} Did you used to raise did I bet folks had trouble breaking horses did you raise or any or break any of your own #1 or? # 791: #2 Yes sir. We # we we raised our own horses and mules and and broke 'em. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 I'll # tell another incident. My brother he's living out at {D: Toro at} the present but my father had uh a young mare and she brought a baby colt and the colt had got up about six or eight ten months old and they came up from out on the open range and my daddy put 'em in the lot. Give 'em salt and let 'em know where home was. So my brother {D: Dinky} why he goes out there and started playing with pony the little baby colt and decided to put a rope on him. And my daddy told him said son don't put the rope on that horse said you can't hold that horse. My brother was young he said don't put that rope on that horse said you can't hold it. He said yeah I can hold it. Well my brother went ahead and put the rope on the horse. And when he did it scared the little colt. The little colt began to run and when he got to the locked fence why the colt jumped the locked fence and my brother hanging on the end of the rope and my daddy #1 sitting on the porch telling him to # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: don't turn that rope loose. {D: With that} round that colt's neck and him outside {NS} so it my brother throwed his foot up and just as he hit the fence and he throwed his foot up and went over the fence Interviewer: {NW} 791: And he finally wrapped the rope around a persimmon tree and he got the rope off. #1 My dad didn't go and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: help him he let him buy his own experience. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: So he didn't he wasn't too anxious to rope any more of 'em. Interviewer: We used we used to ride heifers at my grandfather's. My grandfather's house was built up off the ground. You know its kind of underneath and and the I rode I was riding a heifer one time and and the thing got around and got under the house on me and flipped me off before I got under the house and uh it b- busted up about five hundred dollars worth of water pipes in the #1 house. # 791: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} I got some stories about #1 riding those ones # 791: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: riding stuff like that too. But we used to ride cows we didn't mess around with uh with breaking horses cause that's a man's job there. 791: Oh we we broke we broke horses. {D: And.} Interviewer: Yeah. That's that's uh uh when we were kids uh you know you're when you get up and get some weight on you you might be able to do it but I I never took to it. Uh now uh your wife might uh what'd you call something you might keep flowers in? Uh one {D: cup} put 'em #1 in. # 791: #2 Vase. # Interviewer: Yeah okay. #1 Uh. # 791: #2 Flower # vase. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you said you had your regular utensils to eat with? The? 791: Right. Interviewer: {D: And that's what?} 791: Knives forks spoons. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Glasses. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh they were made out of what? Just regular old 791: #1 They was on chinas. # Interviewer: #2 pewter or? # 791: #1 China. # Interviewer: #2 China? # #1 China okay. # 791: #2 As the # dishes were. {C: thump} Uh of course the forks and knives and spoons were made out of aluminum or Auxiliary: Made out of. 791: stainless steel. Auxiliary: {X} {D: You wouldn't believe what it'd be made of just from looking.} Interviewer: Huh? 791: I believe it was zinc coated. #1 Yeah I believe that's what most of the. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 791: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # It wasn't like it is now {X} and it wasn't like stainless steel. You had #1 to # 791: #2 {X} # Auxiliary: really be careful. {NS} Interviewer: ms uh {NS} ms {B} can I ask you where you're from and and uh? Auxiliary: I'm from eight miles south of Leesville. {D: Pretty close to where the lake is.} Interviewer: I see. Your your folks uh were they raised there or? Auxiliary: Yeah. My daddy was born and raised there. And but my mother came from Arkansas. {X} Interviewer: Okay. {X} 791: {D: Two fat dogs out there.} Interviewer: {X} 791: {D: So near Fort Polk out there.} Interviewer: Why is that? 791: People doing mischief. {D: Doing what} mischief. Interviewer: At Fort Polk? 791: Yeah. W- well from everywhere. {D: Where there's} all that much people in and out of there. Interviewer: Do you know what? 791: Alcoholic beverages {D: and they was using} dope {D: and and all that.} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 Yeah. # Auxiliary: You can't hear anybody eating it on the #1 {X} # 791: #2 Its different here. We # Auxiliary: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 it's # different here we don't have to be that particular here. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 791: #2 I got # dogs who'll bark without {NS} {D: biting dogs.} Interviewer: Yeah. You know uh mr uh this old black man I interviewed mr Harold {B} lives up back over there on that road. He uh he says this is good town. 791: This is a good community here on both #1 sides. # Auxiliary: #2 Black # and white. 791: #1 Black and white. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # 791: #2 We don't have 'em. # Auxiliary: {X} {D: My mother was just} no. She'd be insane. {NS} {X} {D: And she thought every one of them was the devils was off to dance.} Sheets off the bed quilt oh you'd just give anything who had {X} dry beans {D: you know you put them jam in.} And uh we we had five sacks of dried beans that had been whipped out and picked out and {X} {D: you need to safely take them out in the sun you know on a day like today} {NS} We brought 'em in. I put them in on the floor and they always put them at the end of the bed on the floor. Came back one morning {D: something like that I mean everything that that} {X} 791: This is one of the best communities #1 that uh anyone has ever lived in. # Auxiliary: #2 {D: We that's why I like this place.} # 791: because well you've noticed when you drove up I've got everything under the sun scattered around here in the line of tools and equipment and they just anything and uh I never lock up anything. I've never missed anything. They you you can't beat this community right in this area and at one time while we {D: uh we} just uh three quarter of a mile down the road there was a home broken into. {D: They were identifying new} people moved in here and uh they didn't like just a short period of time until they found out what type of people they were and they moved out. In other words people didn't put up with anything. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 791: But this is a good community right in here everybody keeps to their own business. They'll help you. They'll help you. And they don't bother nothing you've got if they need something why they'll come to you and ask sure if I need something I go to them and tell them I need so and so and you can {C: snapping fingers} get it. Anything you need just by asking. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 {X} # 791: #2 And uh. # Interviewer: {X} It seems like a nice #1 community. # 791: #2 It is. # Interviewer: {X} So you finished high school there in in {X} Okay. All right. Now uh after supper your dishes were dirty you had to wash 'em and? Auxiliary: {D: In a dishpan.} {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Wash the dishes Auxiliary: {X} 791: dishpan. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # Auxiliary: #2 Then heat # water on the stove. Interviewer: Yeah tell me about how you uh how you had to you know get your water cause uh. 791: Well you'd have to draw your water. Either out of the well or from the spring until later years. Later years you put a hand pump down at the spring and pump the water from out of the spring up the hill into above the ground tank. Now that was in later years that was up in the thirties. Thirty-seven thirty-eight. I'd pump water up into this large tank that was overhead and then that was in thirty-seven thirty-eight {D: while I was gonna} built a bathroom on. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 And # Interviewer: #1 # 791: #2 # got the running water in the in the house. In in bathroom and in the kitchen. Interviewer: #1 That's good. # 791: #2 Then # course in later years why the water heater had come along. Auxiliary: {X} 791: Yeah. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: So um when you w- when you worked in a field they might bring something out to you uh what'd you call you know they might bring water out to you in a what? 791: Usually a bucket with a dipper. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Auxiliary: {X} 791: But most of the time you would carry your water. You'd carry your water to the field with you and in a lot of instances your field wouldn't be right at the house. Your field possibly could be a mile from the house and you'd be {D: developed} and carry your water and {D: all the} tools you were gonna use that day or {X} and even you'd carry your lunch {NS} to the field. You wouldn't take time out to come back home to eat lunch. You'd take your lunch in a bucket with a lid on it. Interviewer: {D: Okay.} 791: And carry your water. Interviewer: Now would would it ever come in a container maybe that was had something for you know some sort of a thing that had a little thing you could turn to get the #1 water out of it? # 791: #2 No not # back those days we didn't. {X} had a spigot or a faucet on it. Uh. Interviewer: Really? 791: You just got a a water bucket or {X} Auxiliary: {D: Big George usually.} 791: {D: Big George's usually.} Interviewer: Okay. What do you call that uh what do you call that thing that you turn on the water now in the kitchen that's the? Auxiliary: Faucet. 791: Faucet. Interviewer: Faucet okay. Uh one out in the yard you might call that a? 791: Well then you'd call it a {D: dead} faucet. Interviewer: Faucet or? 791: {D: Dead faucet.} Interviewer: #1 Or a spigot. # Auxiliary: #2 It's outside. # Interviewer: Okay. All right. Now uh what would what do you call a cloth or rag you'd use to wash the dishes with? 791: Dish {D: rag.} Auxiliary: Dishrag is what we. 791: Dishrag. Interviewer: Dishrag. 791: {D: You'd use that to dry 'em.} Another one you might {X} Interviewer: Okay. Auxiliary: {D: He already knows that.} Interviewer: In your baby's face you might use a what a little old small piece of cloth. 791: Cloth? Interviewer: You'd call that a what a? 791: Washcloth. Interviewer: Washcloth. Okay. Now that's for babies what would you dry yourself off with? 791: Usually a towel. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Towels. Interviewer: All right. {X} And you might say if it got so cold last night the water pipes? {D: They froze.} 791: Uh back those days there wasn't nothing in the water pipes until later years. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: {D: Now what you} you you might have to break into the ice on top of the water of the bucket to get a drink. but in later years why they got to running water. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Um now flour used to come in tell me what things used to come in uh. 791: Well flour'd come in twenty-four and forty-eight pound sacks. Flour'd come in twenty-four and forty-eight pound sacks and then you could buy it by the barrel. Auxiliary: #1 {X} # 791: #2 Year # Auxiliary: {X} 791: Years ago whenever my father was growing up why you had to go to Alexandria to get a barrel of flower from here in a wagon. Interviewer: Yeah? Auxiliary: #1 One a year. # 791: #2 You'd go. # One a year you'd go drive their wagon and make one trip a year to Alexandria to pick up a barrel of flour. That was before there were stores like there is now. #1 At this day in time. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # 791: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # #1 Speaking of # 791: #2 Make # one trip a year Interviewer: #1 to Alexandria. # Auxiliary: #2 And all the wagons would go. # 791: There'd be a bunch of wagons all go together. And pick up the different types of uh supplies that they needed to go about the year. Auxiliary: {D: They would go for a week.} Interviewer: Um. Well they used to sell everything what? Now they're selling everything in package they used to sell it? 791: In the barrels or kegs or {D: sixtels.} Interviewer: I see. Um now what did molasses come in maybe a? 791: Well you put it in uh gallon buckets. You made your own syrup back those days. Interviewer: I see. 791: My daddy had a syrup mill. Made his own syrup. Made it for all of the neighbors {D: all far and near.} Twelve fifteen mile radius. But my father made syrup for all of 'em. Interviewer: Now what was the difference between when I syrup and molasses or or was there? 791: It's same one and the same. Syrup or molasses. Auxiliary: Older people don't when asked if {X} we call it syrup. Interviewer: I say the consistency of it uh you you'd say what molasses? 791: Molasses is might be a little heavier. It might be #1 {D: thicker though.} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {X} 791: #1 I've # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 791: I I think it's just according to the way that people say it. Uh the word syrup and molasses is one and the same as far as I'm concerned. Interviewer: Now did you ever make anything out of a hollow did you ever did get things out of a hollow log? To carry things in you know they did they ever use those? 791: Out of a hollow log? Interviewer: Yeah. Kind of a barrel or a it was like a barrel o-only it. 791: Well {NW} very very seldom a lot uh few uh farmers would uh take a hollow log and cut it off into sections and put a bottom in it and use it for a feed barrel. But most of 'em used it for a hog trough. They would take a hollow tree. {NS} And cut it off into four or five foot section. Then split it down the center. Interviewer: Okay. 791: And then nail a board across each end of the two halves and make two large feed troughs for either hogs or cattle and horses. Interviewer: I see. Um now uh what would you use to pour something from a from a big you know into a narrow-mouthed bottle any way it would? 791: A funnel or a fruit jar filler. #1 You've got # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 791: two different objects there. Your fruit uh funnel is small for pouring uh liquid and a fruit jar filler is more for pour pouring larger stuff into the mouth of a jar. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put 'em in a? 791: A paper paper sack. Interviewer: Okay. Paper sack uh did do #1 {X} # 791: #2 Back # those days there wasn't that much fruit bought. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: You raised your own fruit. Most of it. Apples. Peaches. Pears. Plums. About the only thing that would ever be purchased would be uh bananas or coconut at Christmastime or some type of nut at Christmastime. Interviewer: I see. Uh how would sugar a large quantity of sugar come packaged up? Or maybe #1 {X} # 791: #2 {X} # you could buy it in six pound sacks or a hundred pound sacks. Interviewer: I see okay. Folks wouldn't call that a {D: poke} or a? {X} ever heard of 791: #1 Yeah I've I've I've heard of # Interviewer: #2 Poke sack or? # 791: calling it a poke. It it mean it's nothing more than a br- brown paper sack #1 this # Interviewer: #2 What # 791: day and time. Interviewer: What what would you call the amount of corn you might tell me about when you put the corn in the mill? Uh did you ever did you do that? #1 Uh. # 791: #2 I've # had corns and mills whenever I was too too small to do anything else. My daddy put me on the horse and put me a sack of corn in front of me and tie it to where it couldn't fall off and when I got to mr Billy {B} why he would help me and the corn down off of the horse. Interviewer: Go ahead. 791: mr Billy {B} he he had a grist mill and in the later years why mr {B} he had a grist mill that we carried the corn to and had made into meal. Interviewer: You'd call what uh d- did you ever the quantity of corn you might take to the mill at one time you'd call that a? 791: A sack of corn. Interviewer: Sack? 791: Sack of Interviewer: #1 corn. # 791: #2 Really? # Interviewer: {X} 791: #1 Pardon? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah okay. Never heard that. Um what did you call the bag you you might uh that potatoes would be put in or or uh meal or or seed or something like that. 791: Well if you if you were carrying uh potatoes or something like that why you'd call it a grass sack. Interviewer: Grass sack? 791: Right. {C: thump} Now if you're just carrying something like corn or meal why you'd carry it in a a cotton cloth sack where you wouldn't get the grass fuzz on it or in it. Interviewer: I see. 791: And #1 for as little # Interviewer: #2 Go ahead. # 791: as little as you might think why even though all all of those years have passed well I never buy meal. It would be a a very rare occasion now for me to buy a five or a ten pound bag of meal {C: thump} because I I make my own corn. I shell it now with electric sheller. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: I have at least three or four gallons of cornmeal. Fresh cornmeal. In the deep freeze now. In other words right now I can show you three or four or possibly five gallons of glass jugs with cornmeal in it. And which is enough to do me from now till my corn's dry and ready to have more made for another year's supply. Interviewer: Now I saw those over there what do you call those things uh that they were shelling them? You'd I mean they were doing what? #1 They were? # 791: #2 They was # shelling butter beans to put in the deep freeze. They was shelling butter beans. Interviewer: I see. 791: I haven't sold any butter beans and everybody wanting to buy butter beans but I've I have plenty to put in my freezer. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. 791: Baby limas most people call 'em. {D: My} wife says there's a difference between a butter bean and a baby lima cause uh baby limas don't runt. It's a bush type and she calls butter beans the runt the runts. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 791: #2 And they're usually # spotted or a large larger bean than the little baby limas. {D: Bunch bigger.} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 Much. # Interviewer: What type of beans do you have? Uh. 791: We have the baby limas. That's our that's our only type we #1 have. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 791: Baby limas. Interviewer: Yeah and the and you got the butter uh #1 b- butter {X} # 791: #2 That that's the # same as {X} #1 A lot of people # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 791: call 'em butter beans but it's a baby lima. Interviewer: Okay. Uh well uh you call that grass sack. What was that uh it what can you describe it? W- was it like a brown? 791: Just it's just a brown grass sack. They uh feed came in 'em. Most of 'em they now at this day and time why they ship {D: and cost in} uh all types of nuts. Coconuts and almonds and {C: thump} all the different types of nuts from Brazil and everywhere in the same type of grass sack only they're a little heavier. They're made out of burlap A lot of people call 'em burlap sack. Interviewer: #1 Or a croker you ever hear of a? # 791: #2 Yeah. # croker sack. {C: background voices} Tow sack. Lot of people call 'em tow sack. {C: background noise} Now I think the reason they got the n- name tow sack is because you usually would tie a strap on 'em and carry 'em on your {D: head.} Put the strap around your head and and on you'd let it rest on your shoulder. And you'd pick peas or beans or cotton in it and you'd be a kicking it every time you {D: made a step} with your toes and that's the reason that a lot of people call 'em tow sack. Interviewer: You think most folks refer to 'em as tow sacks or or grass sacks? #1 {X} # 791: #2 Grass sack. # Interviewer: Grass sack. Okay. Now wh-what would you put in a uh your potatoes in when you're picking 'em in the field you might? 791: You'd put 'em in any type of old container. Uh like uh an old tub that had a hole in it that you couldn't no longer use for a wash tub. Why you'd carry the old tubs to the field and dig your potatoes. Pick 'em up and put 'em in the in the tub and then set 'em in the wagon or on a slide. Lot of people used a slide where it was {D: close to places.} Hard to access with a wagon. Why you'd have a homemade slide built on runners and {D: floors} that one animal would dr- pull Horse or a mule. You'd set several tubs or baskets on this slide and you'd haul 'em to the barn in wash tubs or any type of containers. Interviewer: Can I ask you a favor? 791: Yes. Interviewer: Something you might carry your clothes in a clothes? 791: Basket or? Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever use that? 791: Yes sir u- use that but #1 most # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 791: time it was just in uh they'd do the clothes up back what years ago why they'd lay down a dirty sheet and pile all of the clothes that was to be washed that particular day on this sheet and then bring all four corners up together and tie it in a knot and carry it to the {D: for it} whatever type of wash area you had either spring or a well. Interviewer: Okay. Now tell me how you let your your uh you checked your you know? At night how you got the house lit and things like. Did y'all have? 791: You had kerosene lamps. Interviewer: Okay and you burned in them what? You burned? 791: Kerosene. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 Burned # burned kerosene in your lamps. Interviewer: Any old names for that? Folks they would call it? Anything else? 791: Not that I know of. Kerosene or coal oil. #1 I've heard some # Interviewer: #2 Coal oil? # 791: people did call it coal oil #1 by product. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # All right. What might you call maybe a makeshift kind of lamp that you'd make out of just uh wood splinters you know light it or or something or maybe uh you'd put coal oil in a bottle or something and put a rag on the end of it? Like that? 791: Oh well we ne- we never did do that because uh it would create so much smoke. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 791: #2 And then it would # set up Interviewer: #1 Well that's what I mean # 791: #2 now. {X} # Interviewer: something you might use out of doors #1 or. # 791: #2 Oh # yeah you could use uh out of doors. Why we'd use splinters. Take {D: ripped lighter} splinters and make 'em real long out of real rich uh splinters. Pine. And that's the way you'd do your hunting or going to run you {D: your} trotlines or your hooks. Why you'd have these long rich splinters and let that hot tar get on you while you was carrying the splinters if you had didn't hold it just right why this black tar that was red hot would drop on you and burn you. Interviewer: {NW} 791: But. Interviewer: You'd call that a what a a? 791: Just you'd uh just call it a splinter light or. Interviewer: A torch #1 or? # 791: #2 Torch. # Interviewer: Uh did you ever hear the word flambeau? 791: #1 No sir I don't believe I ever heard it. # Interviewer: #2 Do you? {X} # All right. Um now uh nowadays you got electric lights and when a when a light burns out in an electric lamp you have to put in a new? 791: Bulb. Interviewer: New? {D: Buckle.} 791: L- light. Interviewer: Light bulb? Uh what runs around the barrel? What used to run around the barrel? The hole or? The wood that stays in place that was old? 791: Sta- uh rim. {NW} An old stave a wooden s- stave. Barrel? Interviewer: Yeah. 791: That was uh. Interviewer: It was a metal uh? 791: A metal band. Interviewer: #1 Would uh call that a hoop or a? # 791: #2 {D: Metal or.} # Interviewer: Hoop. 791: Right. Interviewer: Hoop? Hoop. {C: pronunciation} 791: Hoop. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Okay. # 791: #2 Metal # hoop. Interviewer: All right. Um now in the top of a bottle you might put a? 791: Cork. Interviewer: Before they had. 791: Cork or stopper. Interviewer: I see. So before they had uh that's what you had to use didn't you before? 791: Right. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 791: Course now they they've been out for years I have one. I have it right in the bottle. Uh bottling machine that you could uh. Interviewer: {NW} #1 You have everything. # 791: #2 Buy the bottles. # In other words you could bottle uh ketchup. You could make your own y- you made your own ketchup back those days. Why you could take and have your bottles and you could pick up uh bottle caps that {D: on the} places where they had the cold drinks you'd had usually had to get 'em. Course that's been several years ago that was back in the thirties and forties. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: But I have a regular bottling machine that I could I could {C: thump} bottle up anything right now. In in the line of uh ketchup or anything like that. Course I hadn't used it in twenty-five or thirty years. Maybe longer. But. Interviewer: Hmm. 791: But I have one. Interviewer: Uh now a little instrument that kids would play or {X} folks would play what do you call those? #1 You'd call 'em? # 791: #2 French harp. # Or juice harp. Interviewer: For uh oh both of them? Jew's harp you'd? 791: Right. Interviewer: {X} 791: Right. Interviewer: Okay can you tell me about the parts of a wagon? You you remember I'm sure you remember. 791: Well you had a one horse and a two horse. If you had a one horse wagon why it had a pair of shafts in it. They called it shafts. And uh you'd have {X} shaft. Back the horse {C: thump} in and hook him up to the wagon and do the shafts up on the hames. {X} Interviewer: What would you what would you say when you're getting the horse into the {NS} into the wagon like that what would you tell him? You'd? 791: U- usually why you'd just tell him to back up. And he uh horses were #1 trained. # Interviewer: #2 So back up? # #1 The word back up? # 791: #2 Yeah. Yeah. You'd # back up. And the horse would back up and you'd hook him up then. In a two horse wagon why you had a a one tongue and then you had the breast tree which had a chain on each side that you could fasten to the horse's or a mule's collar. (C: background voice} Fasten to a mule's horse horse a mule's collar. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: And uh then you had a different length bed that you could let out. In other words the wagon the bed was the same. {D: It was} same length but you could take the bed off and you could uh use the {D: cup and fold} why you could uh extend it if you wanted to haul something long why you could extend it out several feet. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 791: #2 And # if you wanted to haul extra long timbers or anything why you could extend the frame of the wagon out like uh just modern day log trucks {D: you trail away} you can extend them or shorten them. Interviewer: I see. Now uh the the wagon between the wagon you had the what? The part that went between the horses that was the? The tongue? 791: Tongue. Interviewer: Tongue? And uh the the tr- thing the traces come back to in order to hitch up? 791: Singletree. Interviewer: That would be singletree? 791: Or doubletree where it was a double double horse wagon or where you're using two animals it'd be a doubletree. Interviewer: Mm-kay. All right. Now the the wheels would fit onto the? 791: Hubs. Or spindle. Interviewer: Oh what was the hub? 791: Well that's the hub is the {NW} inside of the wheel. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 And the # spindle is the object gets picked out that you slip the hub over. The spindle is the in other words the {D: bag.} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the metal part the? That um the metal part on did you have a metal part on the outside of a #1 wheel? # 791: #2 Well that # held the uh wooden spokes in? Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Just called it a metal rim. Interviewer: A rim? Okay. All right. Um now the wheels fit onto the what the? 791: The spindle. Interviewer: Y- yeah the spindles fit onto the? 791: The hub. Interviewer: The hub? 791: Right. Interviewer: Yeah okay. I mean. This held the wheels together? The two wheels together? 791: Oh axle. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 Axle. # Yeah I thought I meant what you meant. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Tell me about uh what what did you use to break ground with in the spring? Uh. 791: Well uh uh usually a turning plow. Some people would use a middle buster. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 791: #2 But we'd # usually u- uh use a turning plow. Interviewer: Okay. 791: {D: Either flat break it or bed it up.} Two furrows or four furrows. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 791: #2 If you want to # bed it all the way out you'd bed it out four furrows. You just wanted to throw two furrows up and leave a bulk why you'd two furrow. Interviewer: I see. Um. Now you uh uh you what would you use maybe to to break something up even the ground up even finer a? 791: {NW} {D: Dixie?} Interviewer: #1 Disc it? # 791: #2 With # a horse drawn bit. Interviewer: Okay y- you'd say you're doing what you were? 791: Leveling. Interviewer: You. 791: You've ditched things up to kill the grass. #1 Or. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 791: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah before a disc did you have any did you maybe drag a uh bedsprings across the field? Some folks used to do that didn't #1 they? # 791: #2 No sir. # Not years ago. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 {X} My # my dad never did and I didn't when I a boy growing up. Course now this day and time I've have section harrows and I've used even a chain uh piece of chain link heavy wire. It will do a neater job than section harrows or anything as far as leveling your ground and breaking up the clods. A piece of heavy chain link wire will do a better job than any of it. Interviewer: Really? 791: Yeah. Interviewer: Huh. 791: But uh my daddy would always just two furrow to four furrow it even when I was a boy growing up and started plowing why I'd two furrow to four furrow it out. And then if I wanted to bed back I'd break the little bulk out and then bed back on {X} how many furrows I wanted to to plant. Interviewer: Hmm. Can uh can you tell me about the road type roads you had here. Tell tell me all about the #1 {X} # 791: #2 Well they # Interviewer: #1 # 791: #2 # th- there was just a plain old road and there wasn't too many gravel roads back them days until the the state started graveling and the roads but most of 'em were just plain uh roads beat out through the woods from one place to the other. And what will back years ago they weren't even graded. Uh the worst if they would get impassible and in fact some of 'em get impassible for a wagon. And they weren't even graded back a lot of 'em the main roads might be but uh years ago why if a place got bad enough why they'd go in there with the poles and runway it. And uh which here four years ago why {NW} I can uh I can show anybody some of the old poles and runways that was put in there years ago because the {X} kept blading the roads down flat 'til the all of the road beds gone and the water's running down the center of the roads. Now this day and time now with all the modern equipment. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And uh #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Well if you # well first you had what you had? Just regular? 791: You used to have a dirt road. Interviewer: #1 Dirt road. # 791: #2 That wasn't # maintained or or anything. Interviewer: Then you got gravel and? 791: Well then you got a a road that had ditches or was shaped. And then you begin to get gravel roads. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 791: And in later years the blacktops and concrete. Interviewer: But it wasn't nothing to come to a to a road sometimes and there'd be a log across the #1 you know? # 791: #2 No sir. # Interviewer: They were. 791: Trees fall across it have to go around it or carry a ax with you all the time if you was in a wagon Why or you could chop a tree out of the way. Interviewer: You'd get a get a horse and tie a rope to the log and #1 you'd go? # 791: #2 Drag # him out of the way. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Drag it out of the way. Interviewer: Did you have to do that much? 791: Not n- not a whole lot. Very very seldom. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say we we did what we tied a rope to the to the log and we? 791: Drag it. Interviewer: #1 Drag it off? # 791: #2 Out into the # woods. #1 Out # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 791: out of the road. Interviewer: Yeah. Now I {D: asked Wendell} and he seemed to remember when there were times here that uh that uh there were just you just uh trails back through the woods uh. #1 {X} # 791: #2 Well that was. # Interviewer: #1 # 791: #2 # Interviewer: Yeah. 791: They's still some. {D: Now what they} still roads just not maintained by uh parish motor patrol or anything. They's roads just not maintained at all. Interviewer: I know that but {X} 791: #1 Yup. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: Yes. Interviewer: {NW} #1 I know that for a fact. # 791: #2 I I carried them # butane since nineteen fifty. I carried them butanes from nineteen fifty up to fifty-eight. Interviewer: Yeah. Oh yeah. 791: #1 I've been there lots of times. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # You know the roads. 791: There's very few places I haven't been in Vernon Parish. If I worked with {D: three W} Butane Company. And then I also work with {D: Moser, Spence, and Owner's} company for eleven years. So there are very few houses I haven't gone to at one time or another in Vernon Parish. Interviewer: How would you say the roads are around here? 791: Some of 'em is good and some of 'em is very {D: proofed.} Interviewer: Yeah. Uh well um talking about uh you know most of the main roads around here are? What? Are what kind they're? 791: Most of the main roads are blacktop. Interviewer: Blacktop. Okay. They're made out of what? #1 Uh. # 791: #2 Asphalt # and gravel. Interviewer: Tar? 791: Seal with oil and tar and gravel. Interviewer: Okay. All right. Um now speaking about roads what would you call maybe a a little road that went off from the main road? That was a? 791: Side road or. Interviewer: Side road. Mm-kay. 791: Or a cost cost coun- cross country cross country road or a dirt road. Interviewer: Okay. 791: That left the main highway. Interviewer: All right and it would go back to uh somebody's property #1 maybe or? # 791: #2 Property or # to a field or farm or. Interviewer: To a but your little {X} a road like this that I came up to get to your house that would be a little? What the just a? 791: #1 Well it'd just be # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: more or less a driveway or a private road or in other words it dead ends Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 here at my house. # Interviewer: All right. Um Auxiliary: We'd say a lane too. Interviewer: A what? Auxiliary: A lane. 791: Lane. Interviewer: Mm. #1 Okay. # 791: #2 That's # Interviewer: #1 # 791: #2 # usually why a road would especially a road that's fenced on both sides is called a lane. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Um what would you call a a place where your cows would go down through the woods you know they'd always cut a place? #1 You know your cows? # 791: #2 A trail # or? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 791: Yeah. Trail. They usually always go the same path. And they'll cut it out of the woods to be a w- well beaten out trail. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um now uh something along the side of the street in town that folks walk along you'd call that the? 791: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Sidewalk. Okay any other names? Banquette or do you ever hear folks call that a #1 banquette? # 791: #2 No. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. That's #1 something they did in New Orleans. # 791: #2 Uh sidewalk # or walkway is about all that I. Interviewer: The pavement #1 and? # 791: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh did did now if there might be a little grass strip between the sidewalk and the street. Did you have a name for that? Did you ever know what what folks call that? 791: Well some people call it a terrace. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Where they keep it mowed. Interviewer: Okay. Um now I wanted to get into uh some of the designations you had for land and that sort of stuff around here. Um can you can you kind of just give me a rundown on the types of soil you might have in in you know in regards to elevation and how good the soil is that sort of thing you mentioned black lands uh what was that? Uh. 791: Well it's uh it's a type of soil that is uh extra black. And it's usually rich. Black land is rich. Now there's a difference between black land or just plain gumbo or yellow gumbo. A black land is black and it's usually rich and it's uh hard to work as far as farming because there's lot of the old timers said that the only time their black land field ever got ready to work while they've gone to lunch to eat. They are going to lunch. In other words yeah it's either too wet or too dry to cultivate. And they old timers say that mine got ready while I was going to lunch. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 And that that's fact. # It's it's either too wet or too dry. And its texture {NS} it sticks something terrible when it's wet and then when it gets dry why the ground opens up and it's hard as a {D: brick back.} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 So. # It's it's either too wet or too dry. You I mean you gotta be on your tiptoes to catch it when it's just right. But it will make stuff if you get it right. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: The right seeds. But then you have the gumbo that uh it's a poor type gumbo it won't grow anything and you can't pick it. You can't shovel it. You can't dig it. You can't hardly do anything with it. And then you have the deep sand. Sand hills. And then you have uh stiff heavy dirt. Which right here on my particular place why its two hundred yards up here there's a black g- uh black land. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And then right here in my four acre field why you got a heavy dirt. And then you got a a deep sand. And then you got a extra heavy sand. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 791: And in in farming this past year why {D: them blow} places the heavy dirt {NS} would be just as wet as it could be. You could tell that the soil was completely wet. And the sand would be dried out. It would be black spots and white spots all over the field. Where there was a sandy place it'd be white. Where it was a heavy dirt why it'd be dark. It'd be. {D: And as I could tell} some of 'em my neighbor mr {B} down here his is all sand. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And when when it's too wet for me to plow here in the spring in the year his is all blowing away. It's sand. Dust. But here why it's too it's uh heavy and it's wet natured. Extremely wet natured. A dry year I can make better stuff than I can in a wet year. Interviewer: Oh really? 791: Oh #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Well you # you'll have a you'll have good crops this year then. #1 You'll have a good. # 791: #2 I # no it r- it rained just a a whole lot here the first part of the year. So I'd say round uh first day of July. First day of well we got rain here now there were certain areas up here no further than seven miles there's Anacoco. People's crops was burning up and here it was so wet I couldn't get in fields to plow. Interviewer: Really? 791: My Interviewer: #1 {D: There's been fire right far I thought across.} # 791: #2 {X} # Yeah it it has in certain areas but right in this particular area now I've got I got a rain that you wouldn't believe it but I got a big rain a week ago yesterday. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: And of course that north wind and that sunshine. {NW} It got it fast. One day. You couldn't tell that it had even rained. But we've had extremely large amount of water here. This this spring and summer. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Uh.{C: thump} Interviewer: Well what about the types of lands you have? Now a land maybe that was say that was {D: maybe} late in the spring you know you didn't dry out until late in the spring. It was usually overflowed and you had to plow it later or? Something like that? Uh what would you call that type of land? 791: Uh you mean in uh years ago or #1 or now? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Or well any day yeah. #1 Yeah. Years ago and now. # 791: #2 Oh you. # Well you just uh you got certain spots of land that you can't plant 'til late. You got to wait till it dries out and uh a lot of people uh waits 'til long in June to plant. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 791: #2 For this # is wet natured ground. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: You wait 'til June to plant which I've got a bunch of it it's wet-natured. #1 And. # Interviewer: #2 Would it be # lowland #1 or? # 791: #2 It'd be # lowland or you can't call it bottomland cause there's no creek or anything just a little broken drainage. So you can't call it bottomland now if it's uh in a creek bottom or swampland, river bottom why you can call it a bottom field or a bottomland. Interviewer: I see. 791: But uh this is this is just a low wet wet natured place. Interviewer: What would you call a place that was so low or or the soil uh you couldn't grow anything there other than maybe grass or alfalfa or something like that? Would you have a? 791: I don't know. I don't know if what was what you would call it uh. Interviewer: What about a meadow? You ever hear it what would #1 would you ever use it? # 791: #2 Well uh # meadow a meadow don't mean uh that you can't grow anything there uh H- a hay meadow is a hay meadow it can be on top of a big sand hill. In other words you you can have a hay meadow on top of the biggest sand hill in Vernon Parish or you can have a hay meadow down in the Sabine River Swamp. #1 You. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 791: Yeah there is there are. Interviewer: Well a meadow is that a place where you w- w- where you could grow you know crops or #1 or you? # 791: #2 Not # necessarily no sir. It'd be it'd be a place that uh you could grow hay or graze or farm either one. You could do either one of the three. A meadow. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 That word it don't # necessarily mean that you couldn't grow anything else there. Interviewer: Now you talked about a marsh what would that be? Is that? That would be? 791: Well that'd just be a baygall or a branch head or something in other words so wet and boggy that uh you you couldn't grow anything there. In fact it wouldn't even be suitable for a pasture or or cropland or anything. Interviewer: A baygall? 791: That's what they call a baygall is a place that's on the slope of a hill Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: where the water seeps out of the hill and runs down into they call it a baygall because it usually it's bay bay trees that grow there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: And the gall is baygall is just because its a low the head of a a small drain or something. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: But that's what uh most people call the baygall because it's uh where water's seeping out of a tall hill and it's so wet that you can't ride a horse through it. Cattle are bogged down in in in normal rain. Why. Interviewer: Huh. 791: Cattle are bogged down or a horse you can't ride horse. They they's areas right through here where them uh couple three four hundred yards that you got to be careful riding a horse if it's a rainy season. Bogged down. Interviewer: Now uh a bay you'd call a um {X} What uh the bay trees drop a what? You'd call that a? They leave all their stuff on the ground? 791: They drop their leaves and then they {NW} bay uh burs that's got their red seed in 'em. Interviewer: I see. Did you ever let the hogs eat out in the out in the um woods or something like that? About down in the they'd eat down in the bottoms usually? 791: Oh yeah yeah. #1 Hogs # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: it was open range and hogs roamed everywhere there was hogs roaming everywhere. Interviewer: You'd call that a what? The stuff they'd eat all the acorns and the #1 stuff they gonna? # 791: #2 Acorns # and mash. Interviewer: Mash? 791: #1 Mash. # Interviewer: #2 {D: What's that?} # 791: Well that that included all of it. That included acorns, hickory nuts, beech mash. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 791: #2 In other words # mash was it that that's pretty well mash you'd hear the old timers #1 say that there was good # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: good crop of mash this time. #1 Well that covered everything. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. Okay now uh any other types of land or um let's see well uh what about uh a place where okay type where water would flow? You'd first you mentioned a small uh creek or something like that didn't you? #1 Maybe from? # 791: #2 Creek or # branch. Interviewer: Branch. What would a branch be small or? 791: Yeah a branch would be small. In other words a branch wouldn't have a name. If it's any sized creek at all why it has a name. You got {D: Tolo creek} Prairie creek. {C: pronunciation} Or Anacoco creek. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Say uh uh you take this side of {D: horn} back you got two prongs of what's called Anacoco creek. you got uh north Anacoco creek and west I mean north and south. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 791: #2 Because # you have two prongs and they both come together in Lake Vernon. Interviewer: I see. 791: So you have two prongs of Anacoco creek. This is Prairie {C: pronunciation} creek between here and Leesville. Interviewer: Why do they call it Prairie? {C: pronunciation} 791: I don't know where Prairie {C: pronunciation} creek got its name. #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 mr Webb # told me they called the land down there prairie. Or Prairie or something like {C: pronunciation} #1 that. # 791: #2 Prairie. {C: pronunciation} # Interviewer: #1 # 791: #2 # Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 791: #2 I don't know # Interviewer: #1 How do you spell that? # 791: #2 I don't. # Interviewer: P-R? 791: P-P-A-R Auxiliary: P-R-A-I-R-I-E. Interviewer: How's that? Auxiliary: P-R-A-I-R-I-E. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah that's yeah but okay. 791: {D: Prairie creek.} Interviewer: Prairie okay alright. Um now so uh a creek would be um anything larger than a creek uh? 791: Be a river. Interviewer: River? Okay. Any what would a slough you said a slough you mentioned a slough? 791: A slough is a a bod- a body of water that doesn't run. In other words it's what you {NW} people now this day and time call lake. But a slough is a natural. In other words it's not man made a slough is a body of water. It's usually where a creek or a river has changed its course and cut off. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: Made a new channel that leaves a body of water that doesn't run and the only time that slough gets water in it is when it rains a whole lot and just fills it or else when the creek or the river overflows and gets high enough to refill the slough again. {NS} But it doesn't {C: phone ringing} it doesn't run. {C: phone ringing} Interviewer: Well we were talking about a slough. Uh uh any any other names for uh something any other bodies of water? Uh what would a cou- did you ever hear of a coulee or? 791: No I never heard of a coulee not in this country. Interviewer: Okay. What was a bayou? 791: Bayou is just #1 a b- # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 791: a body of water. Uh. I'd say that a bayou is r- a running body of water. Interviewer: Yeah. Auxiliary: {X} 791: They're they're stale down still waters down there. Interviewer: Okay. Now you said a prong of a what of that thing was a? Was that? 791: A creek? Interviewer: Yeah that was it. 791: You got a west uh s- north prong and a south prong. Interviewer: Okay. Now you were talking about uh when you had dirt roads the water would {D: worn} like cut a little plank across the road uh what what would you call #1 that? # 791: #2 Washout. # Interviewer: Washout? 791: Or the road washed in two. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Which after that's even modern this day and time in these modern days you've got that same thing. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: I fail to make my bus run {D: due to} water over the road over this east Hawthorne road. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: {NW} This past year. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: In other words yeah you got to you have that this day and time why water cutting the roads in two in this country. Interviewer: I see. Uh what i- now did you have a place maybe a deep, narrow valley that had been cut by a by a stream or or water in the woods or something like that? Uh it would be something you know something maybe ten feet deep and ten feet wide or something. Did you ever have any of those? 791: Not not not down where we were at. Now they was places in these sandhills uh extremely tall sandhills where it would wash out that bad. And. Interviewer: I see. 791: but they well they'd call 'em valleys or different #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # What well what was a gully? #1 {X} # 791: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. I they've been called gully. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 791: #2 I've # heard 'em called gully. Interviewer: Okay. Was the um was a gully a a a thing that uh you know? Did you ever handle anything like that you know maybe where a stream had changed its its course? Or and uh and it had gone another way? Was that a slough? You know part of a slough where you know the ground was all eaten away or something like that? Uh. 791: Well I'd I'd say it was just a wash wash place or Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 or a washed # out place and uh. now a slough if you if there's no water in it you wouldn't call it a slough. In other words a slough would be a body of water that's still. It may even dry up but it's still called a slough because its {D: filled} holds water. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 791: #2 And. # Interviewer: #1 # 791: #2 # Interviewer: Now if you had some land maybe a bit swampy and you wanted to put it under cultivation what would you do you'd say? What would you do to the land to get the water off? 791: I was in uh the last two police {D: jury races.} Interviewer: Yeah? 791: I got them to I was in {NS} {D: thrown} in a runoff both times. Interviewer: You've been in a? 791: This past December I was in a runoff with Senator Poston's brother. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: And I mean uh {D: Lee McConough} in this past December I was in a runoff with {D: Lee McCon- McConoughfield} the incumbent. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: He's been in there sixteen years. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: And I was in the runoff with him and then four years ago I was in the runoff in the second primary with Senator Poston's brother #1 {D: Charlie.} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 791: M- O- Poston. Interviewer: I see. 791: I got beat both times in the runoff. Interviewer: Oh. 791: I didn't have enough money. #1 In other words they bought their way in # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: #1 And I didn't have the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 791: money or If I'd had it I wasn't gonna buy my way I told people that I wasn't gonna buy my way and then if I was elected why I'd owe 'em. Interviewer: #1 That's the police? # 791: #2 And then # Interviewer: #1 # 791: #2 # Police jury. Police jury. In other words maintenance over all the roads and {D: that's.} Police jury's what makes all your parish laws. They are the governing body of the parish. The police jury is. Interviewer: Okay if you'd have won that you would have been on it? {NS} 791: Pardon? Interviewer: You would have been on it? If you'd? 791: Yeah {D: if I had} if I had been elected why I'd be one of the police jury men. {NS} Interviewer: Now uh I would be I was talking about marshes when you wh- how do you get the water off? Do do you ever do that? Did would would folks ever try and get the water off the marsh or? 791: {NW} Not other than uh years ago not other than uh maybe digging or plowing a big ditch. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: To drain the {D: loaf lakes} #1 before # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 791: the water would drain on out. Before the ground would dry up #1 early. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # {D: You'd dump them out again.} Interviewer: What would you call uh a small rise of land uh in the land uh? Something like uh if you're it's just a small rise in the land? You'd call that a? 791: Mound or a lot of people call 'em #1 mound. # Auxiliary: #2 Hill? # 791: Hi- Auxiliary: {X} 791: Well a hill {D: you're getting up a hill is a} a tall one. A hill is next to a mountain. Interviewer: You get a knoll? You you ever #1 heard of a? # 791: #2 A # knoll or a knob. Interviewer: Okay. All right. And then um the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharp you'd call that a? 791: Cliff. Interviewer: Cliff? Okay. Uh now up in the mountains a little where a little road would go through a low place you would call a? 791: A pass? Interviewer: A pass okay. Uh did you ever hear it called a notch or? 791: No I never heard of calling it notch. Interviewer: Okay. 791: A pass. Interviewer: All right. Wh- where what would you call a place with boats docked and and freight would be unloaded? 791: Docks. Boat docks. Interviewer: Docks. Okay. Um now did you ever see y'all will have do y'all have places where water would come over and fall along {D: this here} or? 791: {D: We're not} too foreign to it till we'd been to {D: down here.} {D: Ville.} Interviewer: Okay. And you'd call that a? 791: Waterfall or. Interviewer: Okay. 791: We've had small ones where they had uh {NW} water operated grist mills where they've made meal that was operated by the w- water falling. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: In other words they'd have a grist mill with a big paddle wheel down at and the water'd be flowing over this little levee Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 and then hitting # the paddle wheels and in turn why when it would turn why it would turn the grist mill to grind meal. Interviewer: Um now uh what did you call the X shaped frame that you might lay a board across and cut it or something like that? You know? You'd lay a board across them like like this uh make the X shape. And you'd lay a board across them. Do you have a name for those uh? 791: If we did I don't remember. #1 I don't know what # Interviewer: #2 {X} # X shaped #1 frame. # 791: #2 Yeah. # I know what you're #1 talking about. I did it. # Interviewer: #2 You'd lay a board across and # saw it. 791: You can lay a log or a pole in there, saw it but I I don't I don't know what you'd {NS} I don't know what kind of name you'd call it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. 791: But I do know #1 what you. # Auxiliary: #2 We call # 'em boardwalk. 791: Did you have a did you have maybe an A-shaped one that you'd you'd use to build a table with of some sort? You know at a church on a picnic or something like that. It'd be a little A-shaped frame with uh you know two A-shaped frames and a piece of Auxiliary: #1 wood? # 791: #2 Yeah. # I've saw the- saw #1 those but I don't know what they's called. # Interviewer: #2 Would you call them horse or sawhorse? # Have you ever heard of that? 791: No a sawhorse has got four legs and uh is straight across just one piece across the top. Interviewer: #1 So # 791: #2 A sawhorse uh. # Interviewer: Wait is it kind of an A-shaped frame that sort of thing or? 791: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Planted. # 791: No you've got four legs on it. You got two uh on one end and two on the other end with one timber across the top. Interviewer: Right right. Auxiliary: {X} 791: That'd be two A shapes. Interviewer: Two yeah now that's well that's what I meant yeah. Which I was looking at it the diagonal you know sort of crossway. 791: Yeah. Well that's a sawhorse #1 But now there's a # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 791: difference in a sawhorse and what you was talking about making a cross and fastening two of 'em and then taking a a log and laying it in there to cut it in two with a saw or or to hew it with a ax or anything like that in other words you got two different uh pieces of equipment there that you Interviewer: Huh. 791: you're using. Interviewer: Okay. Now do you straighten your hair with a brush and a? 791: Comb. Interviewer: I mean a comb and a what? A comb and a? 791: Brush. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say you did what you take a brush and? 791: {NW} And brush your hair. Interviewer: Brush your hair? Okay. Now did you did your father ever have a kind of leather #1 thing? # 791: #2 Leather # strap? Interviewer: #1 For sharpening razorblades? # 791: #2 Right. # Interviewer: #1 He'd also # 791: #2 Right. # Interviewer: sharpen your? 791: He'd sharpen you with it. #1 He # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: #1 he'd make you sharp. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 791: #1 Keep you straight. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah. What uh what did you put in guns? In a revolver you'd put what the? 791: Bullets. Interviewer: Bullets ammunition you'd call that a what? 791: Shells or? Interviewer: Car- uh #1 {X} # 791: #2 {D: Cottards?} # Interviewer: A what? 791: {D: Cottards.} Interviewer: Okay. All right. Now did you remember ever playing with a playing when you were a kid what what kind of things would you have to play with uh? When you were? 791: {D: Baseball. The} time when you're when I was a child growing up why you'd made your own toys. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: You'd have a lid off of a bucket and made it on a stick on the end of a stick and rode it or make you a wagon out of four little blocks of wood sawed off of a black gum log. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And make your axles {D: here like} a big wagon and put your wooden wheels on it. Interviewer: Yeah? Did you have maybe a a 791: #1 Yeah? # Interviewer: #2 uh # some little plank that was thick in the middle and you'd go up and down on it like that? 791: Yeah sees- seesaw. Seesaw. Interviewer: So you'd 791: Springboards. You had a swimming hole why you'd have you a springboard that you'd. Interviewer: What was that? 791: To dive off of. Interviewer: #1 I see. # Auxiliary: #2 And the grapevine for swinging. # #1 Don't forget about that. # 791: #2 And the grapevine. # Interviewer: Swing? 791: Right. Interviewer: Did you ever have a board maybe with sticks in the at both ends and in the middle you could bounce up and down on it? 791: No we never #1 did. # Interviewer: #2 Never # had that? Okay. Auxiliary: That's a {X} we used to do that too. Interviewer: Balancing board? Auxiliary: #1 You you # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Auxiliary: had you'd put a log in between {D: bend over a log} and you want to get over without going running. Interviewer: Yeah. Auxiliary: And I I {X} Interviewer: Did you have coal here? 791: No sir. {NS} Well it uh I say no sir they had it at the depots. The railroad depots. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: And uh in town they had coal but there was no coal delivered out to the country homes. Uh where they everyone heated with uh wood until butane came along. Interviewer: Talking about uh uh the stove what what do you call that part that runs from the stove to the chimney the? Auxiliary: {D: Attic.} 791: Stovepipe. Interviewer: Stovepipe? 791: Stovepipe. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what's the difference between the stovepipe and the flue uh? 791: Well most most times the flue is made out of brick. It's uh made out of brick to be fireproof. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 And your # stovepipe go runs into your brick flue. Interviewer: Oh okay. All right. 791: That's to keep from burning your house if you just run a straight pipe all the way from the stove to the through the roof or through the wall why it would get too hot so you have a flue for it to go into. Interviewer: Okay. Now what would you sharpen a scythe on or or sharpen a ax on? 791: Grind rock. Interviewer: Grind rock? 791: #1 Grind rock. # Interviewer: #2 That was one that went? # 791: Round. #1 Now. # Interviewer: #2 Did you have one that you'd # use on a knife? 791: Yeah whetrocks. Interviewer: Whetrock? Okay. Uh now nowadays you drive a what a? 791: {D: Scooter.} Interviewer: Well you drive a uh everyone drives? 791: Car? Interviewer: Car okay. Yeah. You know what you ever folks ever call it anything in the old days? A different name for it? 791: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Motorcar? 791: {D: No everything} far as I know my daddy always said car or truck. Interviewer: Okay. 791: It was either a car or a truck. Interviewer: Now uh you used to have to keep the axle well? You had to oh? 791: You had to grease it right. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: {D: To keep it from} burning out. And to make it to where it would roll free and easy. Interviewer: Yeah. I see. You had to put what on the axle? You had to put #1 axle? # 791: #2 Axle # grease. Interviewer: I see. Now if you got that on your hands you'd say my hands are? 791: Greasy. Interviewer: Okay. Um when you had a door hinge that was squeaking you got to do what for it? You have? 791: Oil it. Interviewer: Oil it. Oh now if uh if the door was open and you didn't want it that way you'd say? 791: Slam the door or shut the door. #1 Shut the door. # Interviewer: #2 Shut the? # #1 Okay alright. # 791: #2 And if the # wind blows too you'd say the wind slammed the door. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um uh toothpaste now comes in a tires used to have what they used to have #1 {X} # 791: #2 Tubes. # Interviewer: {D: Air} tubes. Mm-kay. Uh what what what kind of boat would you use here boats would you use to maybe go fishing on a small lake? 791: Usually a flat bottom aluminum boat. Interviewer: Flat-bottom? Okay. Any other types uh would you uh like a hollowed out log or? 791: No not this day and time. Interviewer: Yeah? 791: Th- there's still a few uh people got wooden boats made out of either hard cypress or {C: thumping} {NS} marine {C: thumping} plywood. But most of 'em is aluminum. Or fiberglass. Interviewer: Was there did did you ever hear it called a pirogue? 791: Oh yeah years ago. Interviewer: What would what was the? 791: It would be out of a log. {C: background speech} A log hollowed out. Interviewer: Okay. That was a? 791: That was a pirogue. Interviewer: Okay. Now you'd say if you just built the boat you're gonna do what we're gonna? We're gonna do what we're gonna? 791: You mean build a a wooden boat? Interviewer: Yeah you'd say well we we just built the boat today we're gonna? 791: Go fishing tomorrow? Interviewer: If it was a brand-new boat you'd say we're gonna what? 791: Paint it? Interviewer: Lau- uh. You'd say you know you you usually know the big boats that'd be over in New Orleans haven't you? 791: Yeah. Interviewer: They have a big ceremony when they? 791: Oh yeah a christening or. Interviewer: Chri- christen it before they? 791: Launch it. Interviewer: Launch it okay. All right. Uh now if a woman wanted to uh to buy a dress in a certain color she'd take along a a piece of cloth maybe as a? 791: Sample. Interviewer: Sample okay. So uh #1 and it's? # 791: #2 To match. # Interviewer: Yeah. Now if she sees a dress she likes it very much it's very becoming she says my that's a very? 791: Attractive? Interviewer: That's a what a pr- #1 uh. # 791: #2 Pretty? # Interviewer: Pretty dress but this dress is even? That dress is pretty but this dress is even? 791: More attractive? Or. Interviewer: Well using that same word. That dress is pretty but this dress is even? 791: Prettier? Interviewer: Prettier okay. What what would a woman wear over her dress in the kitchen a? 791: Apron. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now to sign your name in ink you use a? 791: Fountain pen. Interviewer: Fountain pen. Okay. And uh a dime is uh a dime is worth what? A dime is worth? 791: Ten cents. Tenth of a dollar. Interviewer: All right. Not much anymore. {NS} 791: No. Interviewer: Now you the dipper you used to dip from you said it was aluminum or maybe it was made out of before they had aluminum? 791: Porcelain. Auxiliary: A gourd. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The the # gourd or it might've been made out of what? 791: Porcelain. Interviewer: Porcelain? 791: Porcelain. Interviewer: Did you ever see one made out of tin or? 791: Yeah. You saw tin drinking cups. Interviewer: Yeah. Now to hold a baby's diaper in place you use a safety? 791: Pin. Interviewer: Safety pin. Okay. All right what what would folks wear in those days? Uh can you tell what was really different or? 791: Yeah most most people back in those days wore wore overalls and a blue denim shirt and some of 'em in wintertime wore a blue denim jumper. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And blue jeans. Interviewer: Now you go to church you might put on a three piece? Uh. 791: Suit. Interviewer: Suit. What what features would it have? Uh. 791: Pants a dress and a coat. Interviewer: I see. Pants you'd call them any other name? 791: #1 Trousers. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Trousers? Uh I think. Interviewer: {X} 791: Fine. I didn't. Interviewer: It's working. {NS} {NS} {X} If you owe a {X} you buy a 791: a new one. Interviewer: New 791: new set of clothes. Interviewer: New set. When you when the stuff lot of stuff in your pockets it would make a 791: bulge out. Interviewer: Bulge out. {NW} But um yeah tell me about some of the can you tell me about some of the other times when you you know what what folks that they were doing and did you have a lot of uh get-togethers when y'all were younger or that sort of thing? #1 Can you remember? # 791: #2 I guess. # You'd have uh at after you got a little aged uh stopped in your teens why you'd have jump josie parties quite ancient Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And Interviewer: Jumped what's that? 791: They call them jump josie. It it was more or less uh sideline square dancing. They they call them jump josie parties. Interviewer: Okay. 791: And everybody dancing. Played music. Just have a big time. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh now you say a man when when he was a girl when she was getting standing in front of the mirror and everything before she was going start to go a party like that she was doing what? to 791: Man that's old. The old word was primping. Interviewer: Primping? 791: #1 Making herself pretty. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Did did the did the man what would the man do? You'd say he's doing what to 791: Well they usually just uh dressed. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. 791: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Ever use # Ever use the word slick down or anything like that? 791: Well it lock down they have to use the words uh slick the hair down back those days there wasn't much of anything but water put on your hair. Interviewer: Yeah. Bear grease? #1 {NW} # 791: #2 Bad grease. # Interviewer: Something like that. Uh tell me if your friends find out okay. Well the things you went to then you call them a a dance or a 791: dance or a jump Josie party. Interviewer: Yeah. Folks I hear folks used to know knew knew how to have good times back in those days. 791: Well they had good times and lot of people say that children meaner now than they was back them days but I I can't see that the difference. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: They was mean back them days as they are now. Interviewer: Well why? What what do you mean? What would y'all do? 791: Well they uh a lot of them course they and not not all of them was that way which the same thing applies today. Why you had some that'd fight drink uh for instance one of the one of parties that they's at why they two men that I was talking about yesterday in the tape Mister {X} brothers #1 why # Interviewer: #2 they # 791: they they was scrappers. They they entertain you if you wanted to be entertained as far as #1 fighting was concerned. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: #1 They was at a # Interviewer: #2 they always # 791: They was at a big square dance one night and course everybody was drinking and I wasn't at the party but they everyone was drinking and from the report that I received why they had a it was in the winter time and they had a huge oak fire on and it burnt down into a bunch of red coals. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Well they always had a peculiar talk a southern drag and Wally he walked out on the porch cause he probably been in trouble with some of the gentlemens before and one of them hit him and knocked #1 him out at the end of the porch. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: #1 And when they did why they stood him off on his head # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: right in amongst a bunch of bad cur dogs that was chained at the end of the #1 porch. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 791: So Mister George Willis {B: should be beeped} some of them went running in there and told them that somebody had hit Wally and knocked him out in the yard on top of them cur dogs and they'd almost ate them up #1 so George went out # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: he said I don't believe he can do George out of the way so George just went and put his left arm around the guy's neck and hit Wally in his right arm in the cape of his legs and picked him up just like picking a child up Interviewer: Yeah. 791: I dunno why I didn't know what George fixing to do and he just went running back in the house. And before anybody knows why he just run up to that big fireplace with the red coals and throwed him in come and pushed him on in with his feet said I'll just burn you up. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 {NW} # So they really had a free for all then. Interviewer: {NW} so wow. Good grief. They killed this man. People always people what they fight a lot? 791: Well they use use use usually have some drinking and they they sometimes they end up fighting. Most times it was peaceful and man it was given a dance to see that it was peaceful or nobody didn't get hurt bad but Interviewer: yeah. 791: uh they they pretty well entertaining. Interviewer: Mister Foster do you remember uh now I remember as I recall folks in this area thirty had to raise illegal alcoholic beverages to uh to you know sort of kind of make a living sometimes because that was the only way they could make a living. Couldn't make one farming. Is that so? 791: Yeah they they was quite a few of them that had illegal steals and runoff whiskey. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: uh Interviewer: My my grandfather's caretaker just got about a year probation cause this guy got arrested for that. He has electric steel with a a runoff a quarter mile back in the woods. And he was riding a new truck every year. The the revenuers got {C: pronunciation} {D: probably revenuers? misspelled in transcription} somebody oh wait. Somebody told me What do what do they call federal agents? 791: uh Interviewer: #1 um # 791: #2 revenuers. {C: pronunciation} # Interviewer: Yeah. Revenuers 791: Revenuers. Interviewer: Nothing calls them that. 791: Yeah. Interviewer: But some guy I was talking to a fellow today and he called it a different name I never heard of it anything like that not but I can't remember it now. Anyway did you have a name what did they call the stuff that the that they made? 791: Whiskey or shinny. Interviewer: Shinny. What about something that was just kind of a homemade like poorly made stuff or or cheap? Did did they have a name for that? Just any kind of cheap whiskey maybe was or cheap cheap sort of stuff. 791: No I can't remember if they did course they made home brew. A lot of people made home brew but mostly they made it for their own use. They didn't make it for sale #1 but # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 791: make a living. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Okay then huh. Something somebody just made for themselves they'd call home brew. 791: Home brew. It was in other words it wasn't whiskey it was home brew. It was on the same principle as your beer is today. #1 it # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 791: It's on the same principle as you beer today. Interviewer: Can I say this can I Um Did did you have a a name for uh the place where they left the did you ever hear the name for the place where many a a kind of a a hollow stump a guy put a twenty dollar bill and or a ten dollar bill and he'd come back a little while later and the guy would have left him the uh some whiskey or something like that 791: Oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 What was that called? # 791: #2 yeah. # Well it uh call it a hiding place uh you take that {NW} now this is all hearsay #1 but # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 791: between here and Leesville uh an old two story building on the left hand side of the road used to be a grocery store and they say now that's all I can go by Interviewer: Really? 791: that they used to you used could go there and buy your whiskey back in the probation days and you'd never see the man that sold you the whiskey because he'd let let the whiskey down on a string from up #1 from up upstairs. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 {NW} # 791: #2 so # so you couldn't swear who sold you the whiskey if it came to court. And course that that's one of the old rumors that are #1 taught. # Interviewer: #2 that # That is great. What now what did they call it? {X} Did did they have a name? 791: Bootleg. Interviewer: Okay well did they ever have a did did you ever hear the word blind tiger? The the the phrase brine blind tiger? 791: I don't believe. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {X} said something like that. And they the fellow who sold it was a blind tiger. 791: Blind tiger. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: ah he he probably heard it back in #1 those days # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: why a little before my time. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Okay. Now uh you say that you might say that coat won't fit this year but last year it what perfectly it 791: it fit perfectly. Interviewer: Fit perfectly okay did you um now used to you might have wool sweaters something like that you'd throw in the accidentally throw them in the wash and the you say the wool would #1 what? # 791: #2 Draw up. # Interviewer: #1 Draw up? # 791: #2 Draw up. # Interviewer: sh- what? 791: shrink. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: Shrink too too small. {NS} Interviewer: Alright. Yesterday I put my sweater in the wash and it 791: drawed up. Interviewer: Okay or sh-what? 791: Shrank. Interviewer: Shrank up okay. Um now a woman around her {NW} wrist what would she wear maybe? {NW} You call it a 791: Wrist watch. Interviewer: Well a man would wear a watch a woman might wear 791: bracelet? Interviewer: Okay. And what would she carry to uh church? Uh to you know 791: Purse? Interviewer: A purse? okay. 791: #1 Purse. Handbag. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Alright. Now men used to wear what call it trousers? 791: Suspenders? Interviewer: Okay. Call it anything else? #1 folks have # 791: #2 some people call them galluses # Interviewer: #1 galluses? # 791: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. And over you when it rains you'd hold 791: umbrella. Interviewer: umbrella. Okay. What do you call a the last thing you put on a bed? Miss {B} called maybe the fancy top cover 791: The bed spread. Interviewer: Bed spread? Okay did they have an older name for it back in the old days or counter uh 791: #1 Nothing # Interviewer: #2 Canopy # You ever hear that? 791: Canopy. Interviewer: Okay never heard of that? 791: #1 Never heard of it. # speaker#3: #2 Canopy. # 791: Canopy. Interviewer: Canopy? speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And at the head of the bed you put your 791: {NW} Dunno. Interviewer: That's okay. You put a what? 791: Pillow. Interviewer: Did you did you ever have a a kind of pillow that went that went uh from one end to the bed all #1 all # 791: #2 all the way across? # Interviewer: Yeah. Clean cross the a bolster? You ever hear of a #1 bolster? # 791: #2 No no I don't believe I ever did. # Interviewer: Okay. um now you put a what would you put on a bed for warmth? A 791: Quilt. Back in the old days. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Quilt and uh something a a kid might sleep on the floor they'd make a makeshift 791: Pallet. Interviewer: Pallet they sleep on. Okay. Now you talking about dogs. Tell me you got any stories about dogs uh but you know vicious dogs you ran into in you in your time? 791: Well I I've only been bit one one particular time. #1 When # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 791: When I was in the butane business why I went to Miss {X} house in {D: word spelling} Ulano and serviced her tank and fill filled the tank and the old dog was in the extreme back of the yard with two puppies. And didn't pay me any attention whatsoever. I filled the tank put up my hose walked to the back door knocked on the door and Miss {X} came to the door and the dog walked up and stood right by the side of me and {X} Miss said well how said I don't understand that said that dog usually eats anybody up. I said while she hasn't eaten {D: word} Bart. And I stood there and wrote out the ticket. Interviewer: {NW} 791: collected the money and talked a few minutes and the old dog was standing there and I turned to leave and when I turned why the dog just lunged and grabbed me. Interviewer: Oh God 791: A huge dog. Interviewer: call 791: #1 one lick. # Interviewer: #2 {X] # 791: one one bite is all she bit. Just one one bite and back to {X} all she waiting on for me to turn my head Interviewer: {NW} 791: But that's the only time that I've ever been bitten by a bad dog they I usually can tell if one is a vicious why I know to stay steer clear of it. Interviewer: Yeah. I can't get dogs are funny. I I the the the the kind that are the most dangerous the kind that just walk up to you and stand beside you. {NW} 791: #1 yeah they # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # The dog bark after you and you {NW} but you Nah I hear tell that you should never be afraid of dogs that's uh 791: Well I I I'm not afraid of dogs but still I can pretty well tell as much uh dealings as I've had with them going to people's residence why I can pretty well tell if one I better watch him. #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # Yeah. Now you might say you got what uh the mailman got that didn't watch that dog mailman or you'll get 791: dogbit. Interviewer: dogbit? Okay. #1 might say # 791: #2 that dog will bite you. # Interviewer: okay. um now if you're walking down the road and a dog jumps out at you you might pick up a 791: club? Interviewer: Well if you 791: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 you didn't have a club nearby you # 791: pick up a Interviewer: something or a st 791: stick or clod of dirt Interviewer: okay clod or a or a what a maybe a something you could throw at him or 791: hand full of dirt or something. Interviewer: Okay. The road was had #1 gr # 791: #2 gravel? # Interviewer: yeah you'd say you pick up a 791: you pick up a handful of gravel and throw it. Interviewer: I see. but now um what might you throw at a at a up in a tree a at a crow or something like that? You you know pick up a some sort of #1 {X} # 791: #2 pebble or rock? # Interviewer: Rock okay. And you'd do what? You 791: Toss it or throw it at him Interviewer: toss it at him okay. Ever say chunk or 791: chunk. Interviewer: fetched it at him. 791: Right. Interviewer: {NW} um talking about cur dogs any what other types of dogs might you have? {NW} um 791: Well a lot of people has different types. Personally myself why hounds and cur dogs is all uh how they were only except for uh couple of three fives for squirrel dogs. Interviewer: I see. 791: But I've owned uh a few mighty good cur dogs. I had one particular cur dog that I lost two years ago this past May that money wouldn't have bought. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: It wasn't it wasn't enough money that they would have bought it don't know what went with it five dollars or a hundred dollar bill to anyone that could tell me where he went or whether he was dead or alive all I wanted to see was just see the dog whether he was dead or alive Interviewer: #1 yeah. # 791: #2 I'd give them # a hundred dollar bill but school children hunted him and rode bicycles and rode the horses and I don't know where the dog went he disappeared completely. Everybody he was he was a combination. He you could do anything you wanted to do with him. He treated If I got my pickup here in the front door Interviewer: Yeah. 791: and went around before I'd get to the field gate and get the gate open why the dog would be retrieve behind my feet. He'd have a squirrel retrieve. And I'd go over there and if I wanted to kill the squirrel I'd kill it if I didn't why I'd call him off. At night when you picked up a gun in the headlight why {NW} why he's ready to go. You didn't have to get him by the collar and drag him to the car or the truck he'd all you had to do was just open the door of the let the tailgate down he loaded himself and when he got to the woods why it was nothing but coons. He was a straight cooner he didn't run anything else but coons. If you got the time he could be in this yard and I was at the barn. I had {D: word} brahma bulls {C: pronunciation} cows one tried to tried another one over or something you yoller over here look out here Interviewer: {NW} 791: You didn't have to worry old Spot would be there. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 You'd hear that chain link rattle one time and he was there. # He scaled that chain link gate just like it wasn't there. Interviewer: #1 Really? # 791: #2 and he meant business when he got there. # You holler get him Spot it was got. And he was cattle dog he was a hog dog he'd bay hogs. He'd catch a hog like he caught the evening I about to bring him a bull he was eighteen months old. I bought him from mr Porter and I had a it was a mean bull I had Mister uh Thomas Tony state trooper and my neighbor mr Harvey they helped me haul him in here and we got him here and had a lariat rope on him and we let him get the lariat rope in the crack of the stable door and brought it up underneath the hinge Interviewer: {NW} 791: When he cut the lariat rope in two on that hinge which turned him loose was about a six or eight foot piece rope around his neck. And it ended up why I told the boys to move that old Spot out of the dog yard and I had already got on my tractor and turned the lights on it got dark and I hollered get him Spot why the last time I saw Spot he was going out out of sight I don't know how high he went but he went in caught that brahma bull and the bull {C: pronunciation} throwed him completely out of sight of my headlights on the track. And when he hit the ground why he back at him and had a hold of him again. Interviewer: {NW} 791: And we pinned to bring the bull and the the bull was locked where he couldn't get out till the next morning we gets the rope off of him and get him in a place that would hold him. Interviewer: {NW} That's a mean dog. #1 a mean wolf # 791: #2 but he # They're mean. But he he was number one. Anything mind he you didn't have to holler at him all you had to do was hold your hand up at him he'd stop mine to perfection and my my wife's nephews uh from Houston said that old Spot saved one of their lives. They'd all slipped off and went swimming. There my mother in law and one of them went swimming while one of them couldn't swim and gotten too deep a water and they just declared that old Spot went in there and drug the child out. Brought him out to the bank. Interviewer: Really? 791: They about five of them and nay a one said that old Spot saved their lives. But he he had sense. I We had just gone to bed it was cool weather and the bedroom door and this bedroom front bedroom opens out on the front porch same as this door does Interviewer: {NW} 791: and uh there wasn't anyone here but Dwight and myself and I knew there wasn't any of the children coming in and everyone knew where the living room door was and where the bedroom door was. And the only time this cur dog ever came in the house was if the children started shooting firecrackers anywhere in the neighborhood why he'd come in open the front screen himself come in and lay down on the porch. He'd never come in the house. Or if it started thundering and lighting why he'd open the screen door come in on the porch and lay down. And when it was over with why he'd go back out. And this particular night why we had gone to bed and I was had dozed off. And I heard the front screen door open. And at the same time I heard the front screen door open and the door he's led it to why something hit my bedroom door instead of the living room door. Well I knew that something was wrong because nobody never came to the bedroom door. Interviewer: Yeah. And I was up out of the bed and already had a 30 30 in my hand I'm coming out of the rack with it that I knew was loaded took a pass Yes. 791: When I heard him hit the other living room door Interviewer: yeah. 791: And I put the gun back up I knew what it was I heard him whine when he gets to the living room door he whined one time. And I opened this door here and when I opened this door and opened the front living room door why the dog came in at the door and just made a right hand turn and the T-V was sat in kiddie corner in the corner. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: and the dog just sprayed blood as he went. On the wall and that curtain and run over and lay down behind the T-V. And I just reached and got him by the collar and carried him outside and latched a screen to where he couldn't open the door. And I went in the bathroom in the medicine cabinet and got a box of powdered alum and went back out and rubbed the powdered alum on his ear he'd been in a dog fight is what had happened. And he was bleeding he was bleeding to death. And he had sense enough to know where I slept and that's the reason he hit that bedroom door. And he was he was a smart dog. Smart as they ever came. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah wait if you wanted the dog your dog to attack another dog or another person what would you say? 791: Usually get him. Interviewer: Get him? Okay. Uh 791: Catch them. Interviewer: Okay. But uh yeah I know I know what you mean cause some dogs they'll chew you know they can take they uh may be a mixed breed of dog but they get good qualities from both the dogs that you know they were sired of or whatever. And uh you know I had all the hand dogs that were good dogs too. Uh now if uh if someone came to visit uh you this you and you're not there your wife your might wife might come out and say no he's not 791: He's not here. Interviewer: He's not what? 791: He's not around. Interviewer: Okay he's not speaking of being uh speaking of uh if you go to somebody's house and he's not there they might say no he's not 791: He's not at home. Interviewer: Not at home okay. Alright uh. Now you talking about coffee yesterday. What well how to folks like their coffee? Some folks? 791: Most people in this in this area likes it strong. Interviewer: Yeah. Well you might say they like it what? with or without what 791: Sugar. Some some wants it with sugar. Some with sugar and the cream. Some with plain with plain without either one. Interviewer: Uh okay now you okay without the plain you might say what? Folks have a a word for that? You know. 791: Black. want it black. Or straight. Interviewer: Straight? Okay. Alright. {NW} Barefooted? You ever hear of that? Naked or {NW} 791: Oh yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Uh Now if someone's not going away from you they're coming 791: to Interviewer: what. To 791: Towards Interviewer: okay. Towards you. Uh if you saw just met somebody in town you know I'd say instead of saying I met him might say well today I I ran 791: ran ran into so and so. Interviewer: ran into old so and so. {X} If a child was given the same name as their uh as his his father you'd say they named the child speaker#3: Junior. 791: Junior. Interviewer: Okay they named they named the child what compared to the father. They named the child speaker#3: after 791: After his father. Interviewer: After his father. Okay. Uh now in a herd of cattle what do you call the male? 791: Bull. Interviewer: Bull? Okay. Uh any other names? Like do you used to live up in Toro do you ever did they ever use that name for how how'd that city get its name? 791: Uh I don't know how it got its name. But that's what toro is in Spanish. It's bull. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 791: That's what toro means in in Spanish is bull. Interviewer: Alright. Now you fill out a 791: I Interviewer: go ahead. 791: I say I don't know I would back up right now uh that's what uh toro is in line with the old Spanish trait. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: #1 uh what I'm referring to # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: right. It Interviewer: #1 where okay where where did that start and go # 791: #2 {X} # Interviewer: you know the #1 word of # 791: #2 it came # It came across Sibeam river uh somewhere right there around Hathens Fair and Anthony Fare and came right on through by Toro and went through Hodges Gardens which would be above Hornback and from there right on into {D: proper name} Natchitoches. That was the old Spanish trail. That's where uh a lot of people they lot of these old timers {NW} excuse me. Lot of these old timers uh uh can tell you about what they call Devil's Lake west of Hornback Interviewer: {NW} 791: They claimed they claimed that that's where a lot of the gold is in Devil's Lake because it they dumped it there thinking that they could get it and it kept sinking. And they they have all types of caves out west of Hornback around Devil's Lake. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 same as they do in Hodges Gardens. # Interviewer: They's caves in Hodges Gardens. And but that's uh Spanish trail does go all the way through there and I would imagine that that's where To Toro got its name. That some Spanish probably named it Toro. speaker#3: {NW} Uh now you're you used to you used to have a to pull loads you had what? To pull your father would have a maybe 791: team of horses. Interviewer: #1 Of horses or # 791: #2 a pair or horses. # Interviewer: Did you ever have a um the kind that that were like all like cattle oxes big old 791: ox? Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Right. Interviewer: yeah y'all had maybe what would you say if you had two ox 791: you'd have a team of ox or yoke uh double yoke of oxen. Interviewer: I see okay. Now uh a calf when it's first born is uh I mean uh uh a little one when it's first born is a what? 791: Baby calf. Interviewer: Calf okay you call a female a #1 female a # 791: #2 a calf. # #1 or # Interviewer: #2 okay. # heifer or ewe? 791: a young one uh is heifer after when they pass the calf stage in other words that's the calf and then the heifer and then the grown cow. Interviewer: I see. And the and the male is just a 791: well he's a he's a a calf until he becomes a year old or there about you say a bull #1 or if you # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 791: change him why he'd be a steer. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now if you had a cow by the name of Daisy you'd say specially a calf you'd say Daisy is gonna 791: bring a calf. Interviewer: Bring a calf or you ever say hear folks say come fresh or anything like that? 791: Right. Come Daisy'll freshen so and so Interviewer: Right. Okay. And the male horse is the 791: Stallion. Stud. Interviewer: Okay. Folks did women yeah always did your {C: pronunciation} men always use that word around women or was that you know 791: Yeah. It was always #1 used # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 791: stallion or stud. Interviewer: um now uh if a little child went to sleep in bed and found himself on the floor in the morning say I must of 791: rolled off of the bed. Interviewer: Or must of fell 791: Fell off of the bed. Interviewer: fell off of the bed. uh now what the things you put on a horses's feet to uh 791: Shoes? Interviewer: Yeah call them 791: horseshoes. Interviewer: Okay. And you put them in this what? Did did you ever do that? uh 791: I've helped do it. I've never ho shoed one by myself personally. #1 Now I I # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 791: I've assisted. Interviewer: okay. Some people didn't shoe them they just let the horse's uh 791: {NW} foot. Hoof. Interviewer: Hoof? 791: Why mo most people don't shoe them. Because it's got so expensive this day and time. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Really? # 791: They most people unless they're per doing parading or rodeo and a whole lot why they don't shoe them they just keep their horse's feet trimmed. Interviewer: Their hoof their what? 791: Hoof. Interviewer: Hoof? Okay a horse a horse has what four 791: four feet. Interviewer: yeah you call them four 791: Hooves. Interviewer: Okay. Did you um what what did you call the game that you played with the 791: horseshoes. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Throw horseshoes. Interviewer: Yeah. I bet you were good at that. 791: #1 I've thrown quite a few # Interviewer: #2 you're like tall # 791: #1 I've thrown # Interviewer: #2 tall # yeah 791: #1 quite a few of them. # Interviewer: #2 quite a # yeah. um now the male sheep is the 791: ewe. Interviewer: The male is 791: oh the male #1 is uh # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Did you ever raise them? 791: No I had didn't raise any sheep. Interviewer: yeah. 791: Raised goats but no sheep. Ram. Interviewer: ram? Okay and you shear them for their 791: wool. Interviewer: wool okay. And the male hog is the 791: boar. Interviewer: boar. Okay. and uh now you said a male that's been changed is a 791: bar Interviewer: And a and a female is a 791: a sow or gilt Interviewer: #1 gilt # 791: #2 okay look # Interviewer: Yeah go ahead. 791: gilt to when she brings pigs and then the sow. Interviewer: Okay. What about little little ones what do you call them uh 791: pigs. Interviewer: Pigs? Have a name for a little uh a little male? 791: Well after they after they wean from their mother why you'd call them shoats. Interviewer: How big is a shoat? What is it 791: Oh around thirty-five forty pounds. Interviewer: I see. And then they get to be called uh finally 791: a hog. Interviewer: Okay boar 791: a boar sow or bar. Interviewer: Now the things they have on their back that stand up when they get mad 791: bristles. Interviewer: Yeah. And have you ever gotten gored by the 791: no I've never been cut by one's tusks but I've come mightly close several times. Interviewer: Really? What would you call a hog that that grew up down in the woods a? 791: Wild boar Interviewer: well 791: or wild hog. Interviewer: Okay. 791: wild hog. Interviewer: Folks used to let them grow out there 791: oh yeah. Yeah they there's wild hogs now. In some areas. Interviewer: Now a noise made by a calf when it's being weaned you say it's 791: Bleating. Interviewer: Bleating? What about 791: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 some of the noise # Other noises you hear animals make when they're general noise a cow would make when it's being fed. 791: Lowing. They cows will low or some people when they you separate them from their calves why the calf some people say the cow is bawling Interviewer: yeah 791: the calves would be bleating or lowing. Interviewer: Okay. And a uh a a horse during feeding time a gentle noise of horse 791: nicker Interviewer: nicker? 791: Nicker. Interviewer: Now a a hen on a nest of eggs is called a 791: sitting hen. Interviewer: Okay. And you said you kept him in a chicken house or a what a was that a fenced in area 791: yeah you could have a fenced in area chicken yard. Interviewer: Okay. Did did you ever call it uh uh any other names uh What about a place where you keep the little ones a 791: brooder. Brooder house Interviewer: #1 brooder? # 791: #2 or brooder pen # Interviewer: Okay or a coop #1 yeah # 791: #2 coop # Right. Interviewer: okay. Now when you eat one the the piece that you kept and uh tried to pull apart what do you call remember 791: pulley bone. Interviewer: Pulley bone? 791: pulley bone. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what was the did you have any superstitions behind that any stories behind the pulley bone or 791: Well they claim that whoever got the short piece would uh get married I believe or the long piece I forgot which piece it went. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. I can't either because I've heard #1 I've heard it like that too # 791: #2 I've heard # I've heard it both ways. Interviewer: Okay. Now the inside parts of the chicken that you eat you call a 791: #1 the breast. # Interviewer: #2 you # Okay well maybe the liver the heart the gizzard 791: Right. Interviewer: #1 Chicken # 791: #2 heart # chicken liver. the chicken gizzard Interviewer: Okay. 791: Chicken heart. Interviewer: Did folks ever eat the lungs or {NS} 791: Not that I know of. Okay bye bye. {NS} I don't want no more of this. Interviewer: Huh? 791: I don't want no more of this. I've been {D: verb} in a bus driver {D: unknown word} station here in Burnam there's a lot of {D: word} going on five years. Interviewer: yeah. 791: Headache. Interviewer: {NW} Headache. Lots of responsibility. Yeah. Um well any a any names you had for say the edible insides parts of the pig or the calf you ate? You know the entrails or #1 anything like that # 791: #2 oh yeah # Hey. Back in the older day of course that that's not uh completely gone now. You you buy trite in the grocery store canned. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: But back in the old days why it as the old saying went they didn't throw anything away except the hair and the squeal. That's all you lost in a hog was the hair and the squeal. Interviewer: Well tell me tell me all about the hog what you what you uh did with it when you once you scalded it and killed it and that sort of thing. 791: Well you you kill the hog and cut his throat to where he bleeds or stick him that's what most people call it. You'd stick him in his jugular vein #1 and # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 791: to bleed him. Then you would have you water boiling and Interviewer: Did you use did make anything from the blood? 791: No no we never we never did make anything from the blood now I've heard of them making uh blood pies from beef but I never did see any of that. I never did Interviewer: Okay. 791: I know this modern day where a lot of people use is uh bl- uh beef blood for fish bait. Clotted they call it gel. You just catch the beef blood and put it in the refrigeration and it will be just like jelly in a jar. You'd cut it up into little squares and you can't use it in a stream but you can use it in still bodies of water. They say that catfish can't resist it. But still Interviewer: Okay. 791: On these hogs why you would scald a hog and you had to know what you was doing or you'd set the hair. Then you didn't get the hair off you'd have to skin the hog. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: So the way I always do it is to it depends on several different factors. Uh it's extremely cold you get your water to boil and if your hog is just been killed in other words still hot why you would fill your barrel or whatever you're going to scald the hog in with boiling water and usually take about two or three quarts of cold water tap water or well water and dash in it and that's usually will bring it to about the right temperature and you don't want to leave the hog in there for a long period of time you want to take the hog out and let it get air. And that then you sample. And when that hair and hide starts slipping why changing or turn him over and you scald the entire hog in that procedure and then get him out on a bench {NS} or a table and go ahead in and scrape the hog. clean him scrape scrape him or clean him till he's lily white. Then you {NW} split the hog's hind feet and get the heel string out and that's what you call gambling. You have a gambling stick that's tapered on both ends Interviewer: {NW} 791: usually about sixteen inches long and it's knots up small amount in the middle enough dead center and then on each end where you have it sloped off why you have a little knot to where that heel string won't slip off but your gambling stick and then you take and spread the hog's hind legs and put the gambling stick in and then it's according to the size of the hog it's uh how many takes to hang him on a hook or a pole whatever you're going to hang the hog on and then you gut the hog. That's in other words you split him down the center in the front between his hind legs all the way to the end of his chin. Take all of his intestines out. Interviewer: {NW} 791: When you get all of his intestines out {NS} {NS} That thing's a headache but it's {D: phrase} otherway continuous. Interviewer: That's okay and I'm blessed. 791: {NW} Interviewer: {NS} Nope. No more #1 {X} # 791: #2 We should have just went off # up there north the house somewhere and then the wife could have said "No not here!" {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 791: {NW} Interviewer: uh what you were talking about now when you cut the meat the part I I mean the parts of the uh what parts of the hog did you call it you know What about the meat between the shoulders and the ham what do you call that? 791: The middlings. Interviewer: Middlings? 791: Right. Interviewer: Okay. 791: You would you after you after you uh clean the hog why get the gotta its intestines out why you let it drip uh rinse it out with clean water and let it drip dry. And then you would it to depend two ways. If you wanted pork chops you split the hog straight down the back bone. Split the back bone completely down the center. If you didn't want pork chops why you split the hog on each side of the back bone. Cut the ribs loose on both sides then all you having was ribs and then you had the back bone which you would cut up into sections and boil or bake or barbecue or whatever you want it. Then if you wanted pork chops you'd set it straight down the center and it depends on the size of the hog or the size of pork chops you want just to have why the rib you would cut to leave on the pork chop. Then you cut in between each set of ribs and that's where you got your pork chops. Interviewer: Okay. 791: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 You call that # if you cut it down the middle you call that a what a 791: Splitting him open. Interviewer: #1 uh # 791: #2 down the # down the center of the #1 backbone. # Interviewer: #2 You say a what of bacon a # you had some you hang the bacon so where uh 791: slab of bacon. Interviewer: Slab? A side of 791: #1 A side of bacon. # Interviewer: #2 you get # speaker#3: #1 {X} # 791: #2 side of middling. # Interviewer: side of middling? 791: Right. You had the ham and then you had the fore shoulder and they had the middle middling in between or side in the bacon. Interviewer: I see. Uh now the what did you call the salt or sugar cured meat you might boil in your greens uh? Or something #1 {X} # speaker#3: #2 {X} # {NW} Interviewer: {NS} Did you have you know like you might a little bit of it out and boil it in your greens it was 791: sea uh to season them you mean #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 yes. # 791: I don't you'd usually use a small piece of ham hock or uh Interviewer: okay. 791: {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever put you know maybe it was kind of fat had some fat in it uh 791: jowl. That's the part under the neck. Interviewer: Okay. 791: And you'd it was usually extremely fat so you'd use the jowl and ham hock in for seasoning purposes. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear of fatback? What was fatback or uh 791: well fatback is where you got an extra thick amount of middling. In other words where the middling is extremely fat where it comes up on its back. That's what you call fatback. Interviewer: I see when you use that meat for anything or 791: Well you'd use it for bacon. #1 In other words # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 791: it serves same as speaker#3: {D: words} and fry the batter on over it or cook the fat out of it. #1 {X} # 791: #2 if it's too much fat. # speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: I see. Um side meat or any any kind of meat you'd boil in your greens or anything like that? You know uh yeah. Streak of lean or anything Do you ever hear of that? 791: yeah. #1 it'd be a streak of lean # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: That's what they call bacon. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh now the kind of meat you'd buy thin sliced and smoked maybe to eat with your eggs that was 791: bacon. Interviewer: Bacon okay. What'd you call the outside that you would cut off of the outside part of the bacon is the pork 791: skin? Interviewer: skin? 791: Right. Interviewer: the okay. Now um if you catch your meat too long you say the meat's turned what? 791: Spoiled. Interviewer: spoiled. Okay. Um Oh I meant what what'd you make from the head? Did you make anything from the head? 791: Yeah you uh you'd go uh go two routes. Hot tamales now you better be quiet you and your friend Stephanie speaker#3: Okay. Interviewer: no that's #1 okay # 791: #2 you # you make hot tamales. Or now you take the head and after you've cleaned it thoroughly why you'd uh put it in a pot and boil it until the meat would just fall off of the bone Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And you would then season it to make hot tamales. Grind run it through a grinder. And grind it up. And you'd make hot tamales. Or in the older days why they'd make hog head sauce or hog head cheese. #1 Different people had different names. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I see. Did you ever take that meat made for the head and mix it up with corn meal or anything like that? Or onions or anything uh? 791: Well no other than making the hot tamales and that's the way you'd make your hot tamales is you scald your meal Interviewer: yeah. 791: And after you seasoned your meat that you boiled off of the head why you season it and if you scald your meal and put small amount of meal and make a little crevice in the meal Interviewer: Yeah 791: And lay it on the shuck. A regular corn shuck. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And put your seasoning uh meat in the meal. And then roll it and fold each end in and place it in a pot. Well then whenever you got it your pot full you'd take one plate and turn it upside down on the pot. Fill uh put just enough water to steam it. And turn this plate upside down and sit it old-timey wood urn. On top of the plate. To hold the plate down to where the the hot tamales wouldn't rise to the top and where they'd all cook through. And that was making the hot tamales. Interviewer: Uh okay did you ever make uh something uh from the liver? 791: Liver and uh onions. Interviewer: Liver and onions? 791: Hash. Interviewer: Hash? 791: Liver and hash. #1 that's liver # speaker#3: #2 and he was like # {D: phrase} polite too. Interviewer: How what how is that what would how would you #1 use in a {X}? # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: #1 liver and lich. {D: unknown word 'lich'} # speaker#3: #2 {X} # {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh with some hog meat or cornmeal and cook it and after it got cold you'd fry it and slice it Anything like that? Uh 791: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 You ever # make scrapple or #1 You ever heard of that? # 791: #2 no. # Interviewer: Okay. That's it. Uh {NS} Now um if you catch your butter too long and it didn't taste good you say what happen what would happen? 791: The butter is rank. Interviewer: Rank? 791: Right. Interviewer: Okay. Uh What what what uh what now thick sour milk that you've got on hand you'd call 791: clabber. Interviewer: Clabber? Okay. 791: If it was thick. If it had clabbered. Otherwise it was sour or blue john. Interviewer: Blue john? 791: That's in other words that's milk that uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 791: #2 it's spoilt or # sour And it's not clabbered completely. Lot of people call it blue john because there was very little cream on it. Interviewer: Uh did you um ever make anything from the what would you make from the clabber? 791: You'd churn it. Clabber and make butter. Interviewer: Okay. That that that that sour thing uh the sour milk you might make out of uh how's that work? 791: If it if it was uh refrigerated or in other words if it wasn't {D: dunno what he's saying here} why you could Interviewer: yeah 791: uh use it in making biscuits or bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: And same thing applies to the clabber. Why you could use the clabber milk for in other words it serves the same purpose as yeast. It would help to make it rise. Interviewer: Did you ever make uh anything else out of clabber uh speaker#3: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 sort of # cheese or 791: Make curd. Interviewer: curd? Okay. 791: Out of clabber. Interviewer: Alright. 791: We never did make any cheese. Interviewer: Curd is what? Is that a white 791: it's just as white like you buy cottage cheese Interviewer: Cottage cheese? 791: Right. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Go on. Interviewer: Now um something the the part that the hog okay other parts of the hog you've used that those parts of the 791: Well you do uh Interviewer: The entrails as you call them the what 791: right. The in intestines or chitlins. You most people referred to them in the old days as chitlins. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And the way you'd do that why you'd uh when you'd finished uh with your hog and had him safe from flies or squared up and couldn't bother him why you'd have a chitlins covered and you'd clean those. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 791: And after you had had cleaned them and got all of the {D: words?} tallow or fan off of them why then you would turn him wrong side out. When you had cleaned the in uh the outside and got everything off of him Why you'd take you a little stick about sixteen inches long Usually about as big around as your small finger usually peel it and just start at the end and catch a little bit of the intestine. And just run the stick through and work the intestine on the stick and when you went wadded it all up on the stick pull it and you had it turned completely wrong side out. And that's when you uh went to work and washed the out inside of the chitlin when you had it turned outside when you had it turned wrong side out why then you would clean it. Interviewer: {NW} 791: And a lot of the housewives that in the old days why they even went through the trouble to plait them. Interviewer: That's 791: plait the chitlins. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: In other words you could boil them make them tender as you season it or if you wanted to you could parboil them and then fry. That was your chitlins. Interviewer: Parboil. 791: Boil them for a few minutes to make them tender. Interviewer: I see. 791: And then fry them. Interviewer: Now if it's you might hear your cow mooing and your horse neighing you'd say well my guess it's getting kind of late I didn't realize it was getting onto 791: feeding time. Interviewer: Feeding time. Okay. Uh What was now Imma ask you what about haslets? Did you ever have haslets or did you ever hear that name? Okay {D: word} harsley maybe right here? Uh now. Now uh ways you might call your your animals are in a farm. How would you call a horse uh Call to a cow first uh. How would you call cow? 791: Well you call a cow by hollering oo shuck shuck shuck. Interviewer: Okay. 791: #1 Or you'd say it loud. # Interviewer: #2 And uh we yell # Yeah. Now we yell like {X} Like that. That in itself they wouldn't come like that. How do you call a horse? 791: Whistle. Whistle for the horse. Interviewer: Whistle? 791: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh any other words or just just whistle generally? 791: Well if uh if the horse's name if they if the horse was in other words if you knew the horse and his name his name was flied to him why you could holler {NW} come on Macata! Or whatever the horse's name was. Which my horse now I can call her that way and she'd be here in just a few minutes. Yeah. Interviewer: What uh {X} when you call her a calf. How about when you call a calf. 791: Come on baby or sooka, sooka. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and when you're call the horse to turn right or left in plowing. 791: Gee for right haul for the left. Interviewer: Okay. What what about when you call a sheep? Did folks have a 791: I never I never raised any sheep boy I never did have no occasion to call them. Interviewer: And when you're feeding chickens. 791: Chickens. Chick chick chick! Interviewer: Okay now when you're feeding your hogs you might saw 791: {NW} piggy. Pig. Interviewer: Okay. 791: {NW} Interviewer: What would you say to a to a horse that's stomping? 791: Woo. Interviewer: Mm-kay and to uh when you wanted to when you were standing on him when he was still and you wanted to get him going. 791: Get up. Interviewer: Get up. 791: Get up. Interviewer: Or 791: yeah {D: phrase} Interviewer: {D: phrase} Okay. And if you really wanted to get it moving when he was just trotting along you might say 791: Tap him with a line. Interviewer: Tap him with a line. That now when you're riding a horse you call that what when you're riding when it came back from those of his when you're riding a horse you held onto the 791: reins. Interviewer: Reins? Okay. And uh when you're in a wagon you held onto the uh 791: lines. Interviewer: The lines? Okay. Um Okay. Uh what you put your feet into what you put your feet into when you're 791: in oh in a stirrup. You mean in a when you're riding a horse. Interviewer: Yes. Okay. And uh if you when you plow if you had two two horses what'd you call two of them uh that you're plowing? 791: King? Interviewer: Well. 791: Or a pair. Interviewer: Okay but did your daddy mate one from the other or one maybe walked to the furrow uh and one walked outside the furrow something like that. 791: Yeah well you usually have one walking the balk or and one walk in the furrow or one on each side of the balk. That's usually they they both was walking in the furrow. In other words you'd have a narrow balk in the middle. Interviewer: I see. What'd you call the one maybe on the left or uh if you just use this uh not a middle buster just a single turn plow something like that. 791: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 One horse would # Would there be one horse? That did most of the work uh or? 791: If you was using just the one horse well if you're using a pair why you'd usually you uh see that they both did their part if it was heavy pulling. Interviewer: Okay. 791: In other words you might kind of hold back to The one on the right if he was taking most of the load you'd hold him back and make that other one give that other one little punch or tap for the line to make him pick up and do his part. Interviewer: Uh now if something's not right near a hen you say it's just a little just a oh that's just a little 791: little jump or Interviewer: Little jump over there? 791: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay uh uh that's just a 791: hop step and jump. Interviewer: Little what down the road #1 That's # 791: #2 little distance. # Interviewer: Little distance down the road Okay. If you've been traveling and hadn't finished your journey you might say you still got a what to go before dark? I still got a 791: A mile to go or a ways to go. Interviewer: A ways to go? Okay. Four piece? 791: Four four piece. Interviewer: Now if you slipped on the ice and fell this way you'd say you fell 791: backwards. Interviewer: Okay and if you fell this way you fell 791: forward. Interviewer: Somebody asks you do you did you catch any fish? You might say No, blank a one. No 791: not any. Interviewer: Not any? Okay. Ever used nary? Nary a one. 791: {NW} Nary a one. Yeah I've heard it used. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Now uh hen you got rid of all the brushes the brush and trees on your land you say you're doing what to the land you're 791: cleaning it up Clearing it. Interviewer: Clearing it? Okay. Uh talking about hay uh that uh the second cut in the hay you might call the 791: It'd usually be the best cut. Interviewer: Yeah. Did folks have a name for it? Does it distinguish between the first cut and then the 791: Nothing nothing that I know of other than the first cutting or second cutting or the last cutting. Interviewer: I see. Okay now when you came out to the pasture in spring there might be a whole bunch of dead hay on the what do you call that the something that was left over from the cutting in the fall Does folks have a name for that? 791: Not that I know of just other than something that was left over and they usually mess you up when you're cutting a bale of hay. Interviewer: something will it? 791: Yes it will mess you up. Interviewer: Leftover hay? 791: Leftover hay in a hay mat. Interviewer: Why's that? 791: Well whenever the hay whenever your young grass starts growing and grows up why that hay is left laying on the ground. The old hay that was left on the hay matter why it was left in the field the previous cut why then when you start mowing the new hay that's come up and grow ready to cut why when you start cutting it why this old hay's loose and rotten will hang on all your teeth and instead of you sickle of cutting the hay it'll just go to dragging it over. Riding it over. And then you've got to stop clean all your teeth off and start over. Back up move all the old rotten hay in other words you have to have it clean. Interviewer: Huh. Um now what if one year you planted say corn in a field and the next year you planted peanuts and up between the peanut rows would come up 791: stalks of corn. Interviewer: Yeah what do you call that corn? 791: Volunteer stock. Interviewer: Volunteer? Okay. Uh wheat is tied up into a 791: Bundle. Interviewer: Bundle. And then you might pile it into the bundles or sheathes are piled into a did did you ever or hay same thing with hay uh #1 You ever # 791: #2 a stack. # Interviewer: Stack? Okay you might to say we were raised forty what of 791: bundles or stacks. Interviewer: Forty what of wheat to the acre? Forty 791: Bushels Interviewer: forty bushels an acre? What do you have to do with oats to to keep the uh to get the grain from the rest of it? 791: Combine. Interviewer: I see you say you're doing what your oats? 791: I never have did much of that. Interviewer: Or wheat uh you what do you have to do to to get the grain from the 791: trash it or? I'm not familiar with their process of of Interviewer: Okay. Well that that um now uh uh You were talking about the bread the the stuff you made earlier what what do you call flour baked in loaves? 791: Loaves of bread. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Any um like what about uh would you have any different types of 791: No usually why you have pom cornbread or a loaf of bread if you bake light bread Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 791: #2 The old # fashioned way. Make make it with yeast. Interviewer: Okay what what light bread that was? 791: It was made of yeast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 791: Which lots of people still make. It's the same type of bread that they did back in the twenties and thirties by using yeast and flour #1 and make a # Interviewer: #2 I see # 791: pom of bread. A loaf of bread. Or a roll. Interviewer: Alright. Um did did did you have any other types of bread uh that you'd make? Would you um 791: Biscuits, cornbread and Interviewer: Well biscuits they were they were cooked in a in a pan, a 791: In a pan. Interviewer: Okay. Any other kinds cooked in a pan a? Did Did your wife ever make any um speaker#3: Rolls. 791: Rolls? Interviewer: Rolls? Yeah. 791: Make rolls and cornbread and biscuits. Interviewer: Uh you were talking about using uh cheese in your bread. What would you call that type of bread? Or milk? 791: Milk. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Not cheese. #1 Milk. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 791: Well you just call it uh buttermilk rolls #1 or # Interviewer: #2 butter # 791: Right. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Which you buy today in the grocery store buttermilk rolls. Interviewer: I see. 791: Made out of buttermilk. Interviewer: Did did uh you ever make any with potatoes in it uh? 791: No we never Interviewer: #1 never? # 791: #2 did make any. # Interviewer: Never made any? Potatoes in it or? Okay. Alright. So um the topping of that cornbread though you said you you'd use a you you bake it in a large tank 791: Large pan or a large skillet. Interviewer: I see. 791: According to the size of the family. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 791: Like it is with us now two of us here why a very small skillet or pan of bread. Interviewer: Okay. And you might call that a what a 791: Pom of bread. Interviewer: Okay what was a pom? That one's a 791: That was just a baking of bread regardless of whether it was in a pan or a skillet. #1 uh # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: Lot of people call it a pom. Interviewer: I see. Now I had in a in a restaurant today I had a uh kind of a long round thing about like you know round and about this long 791: Corn stick. Interviewer: Okay corn stick? What's a corndodger? Do 791: Well a corn dodger and I think where it got its name was they used to be a brand or meal. Corndodger meal was the name of the brand. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Brand name. speaker#3: {X} 791: That's back years ago. Interviewer: uh-huh. 791: Corndodger meal. If I'm not mistaken it had the picture of a red-headed peckerwood on the side. Interviewer: Really? 791: Yeah. speaker#3: It still does at least in the 791: #1 do they still have it? # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # 791: #1 Well they # speaker#3: #2 It has a # Interviewer: #1 Peckerwood? # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that 791: a red red-headed peckerwood that pecks on the pollard trees that's now that's that's been back yonder in the thirties I can #1 remember then. # Interviewer: #2 yes. # 791: #1 And she says it's still # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: Still got it. Interviewer: Now uh talking about that uh cornmeal though um the corndodger was that a certain shape or size of piece of cornbread or? 791: Not not necessarily not corndodger it was uh most people just referred to it even a piece as corndodger well it was because it was back them days why it was why it was mostly made off corndodger brand meals. Interviewer: I see. Oh oh I get it So it could be any just piece or shape or 791: right. Interviewer: Okay now then something cooked in a big a big kind of a fat piece cooked in a skillet you'd call a 791: a cone. Interviewer: A cone. Did you ever have a little smaller one thinner one a? 791: Yeah a lot a yeah a lot of people my wife cook cooks occasionally back a long time ago she did a good bit of cooked uh cornbread in the muffin pan. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 In other words # make each little speaker#3: {X} corn muffin. 791: corn muffin. #1 corn meal muffins. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 791: #1 Made in a muffin pan # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 791: like you'd make sweet muffins in. Interviewer: {NW} 791: And then she also has a a cast iron I guess you would call it a skillet that you make corn sticks in this day and time you. speaker#3: Made by corn 791: basically it's all {D: phrase} blown pieces made out of cast iron and looks like a stick of corn because it's got the imprint in the cast iron for each grain of corn where you just put your meal in each one of those and bake it and it comes out a corn meal stick. Interviewer: Would you ever boil any in in cheesecloth with your greens or something like that? speaker#3: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Like a # 791: #2 no. # speaker#3: like a Interviewer: corn 791: #1 I've heard of corn meal mush # Interviewer: #2 no? # 791: but I never did hear of #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What was corn meal mush? # 791: it was where you uh season the meal. And and more or less put water in it and cook it till it was something similar to grits. This day and time like Interviewer: {NW} 791: Cornmeal mush. Interviewer: I see. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: Now talking about grits that was what that was uh grits was cracked finely cracked cornmeal? 791: Right. It Interviewer: Did did you have any 791: fine Interviewer: Excuse me. 791: It was ground but not as fine as meal. Interviewer: Okay. Did you have any big kind of puff kernels maybe after you leeched the shell off the kernel uh You'd eat those? 791: No you uh whenever you uh shelled your corn and {D: word} charactered the meal why you either had chops made out of it or meal uh if you was having it made into meal why you could tell the man that was running the meal that you'd love to have some grits also why then he'd take a certain amount of your corn and make grits out of it. Interviewer: I see. 791: And then if you want to eat something good why have the wife make some uh lye hominy. Interviewer: Yeah what is that? 791: That's when you take the large grains of corn and you clean it thoroughly be sure there's no husk in it Interviewer: Yeah. 791: And put uh now the old fashioned way was take oak ashes out of the fireplace. Take the oak ashes. Do them up in a {D: spelling/word} claw. Put the corn in water in a washcloth. Put this piece of cloth that's got your ashes tied up in it in the washcloth. Cook the hominy until the husk and the eye of the little kernel eye of the corn would slip out. And when it would all slip off and the eye or corn would slip out why it was done. You'd take it out wash the corn through several waters until all the husk and these little small particles that is the eye of the grain of corn came off to where you didn't have nothing but the clean grain of corn Well it then all you had to do was add salt to it and a lot of people why they'd cook it with fry it after it was uh made into hominy why you'd take and add a small amount of grease and you cooking utensil and put your hominy in there and a little salt and uh stew it down. In other words put some lard in. Interviewer: Okay now that was puffed up yellow? 791: Puffed up yellow off white. Interviewer: Oh I see. {NW} {NW} 791: Hominy. Interviewer: {NW} 791: Butter and hominy you buy out of grocery stores this day and time. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh now did you ever cook any you mentioned mush was that the kind that you cooked in a deep pan and it came out soft like potatoes or 791: Right. Interviewer: I see. Did did you ever maybe make any that you just mixed maybe uh the uh cracklings from um the {D: word} fall fat in there? 791: Oh yeah. Yeah that's crackling bread. Interviewer: Crackling bread? 791: And yeah we have them out in groceries these days. #1 Yeah these # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: We make it all pretty regularly here. Interviewer: Really? 791: #1 I have # speaker#3: #2 I put pepper in it. # 791: Now you put pepper in it. Interviewer: #1 I see. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: Jalapeño pepper. speaker#3: Jalapeño pepper is makes it better. Interviewer: Okay any uh uh what about the type you might boil in a deep pan a these little round uh balls you eat them with with seafood a lot uh 791: Fish. And speaker#3: Called hushpuppies. 791: Hushpuppies. Interviewer: With hushpuppies? Okay. Um did you ever cook any in the ashes? Any any other sort of cornbread mashes? 791: We never did. Interviewer: Okay. speaker#3: We did. Interviewer: Y'all did? speaker#3: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} speaker#3: You put you put that bread in the skillet and then put another skillet I mean the top on it. Interviewer: Yeah. speaker#3: And then you put the other You put down the hot corn you put hot corn on top. And you cook it that way cause {X} it'll stay there. It takes longer because the sticker. Interviewer: Okay. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: Alright. Um well now uh the two there's difference there's a lot of difference between the kind of bread you make at home and the kind you buy the store the kind you buy at the store 791: light bread. Interviewer: Light bread that's the kind you buy at the store? Okay. Now did you ever eat anything dried in deep fat had a hole in the middle of it a? 791: Donuts. Interviewer: Donuts. Okay any different types or? uh That you'd make that your wife would make uh? 791: No just plain plain donut. Interviewer: Okay. In making your rise with yest or baking powder different? 791: Oh yeah you you'd have to add the yeast or baking powder to make it rise. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now sometimes you might mix up a batter and make these in the morning and put syrup on them and 791: hotcakes. Interviewer: Hotcakes. 791: Hotstacks. Interviewer: Okay. speaker#3: flapjacks. Interviewer: Flapjacks? 791: Right. Interviewer: You ever call flitters or anything? 791: Yes. Interviewer: Flitters? Okay. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: {NS} People want to 791: break. Break your windows out get that so quick make your head swim. Interviewer: I know. When I was in college I lost two bicycles. Just leaving them at night without a lock {NW} gone. 791: My son had a he had a print shop here paralyzed from his waist down. That print shop right here in Leeville right by the side of the Burnam bank just across the street from the Burnam bank. And he was working late #1 there # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 791: and had his car parked and he had a tape deck and everything in there. And uh he was in the side working with all the lights on. And when he got ready to come home He walked out to get in his car window was broke out driver on the driver's side window was smashed out and they left the brick back in the back seat of the car. In other words if he walked out at the wrong time why he's got a brick {D: phrase} right upside his head and all of his stuff is gone. Everything. speaker#3: {X} 791: #1 Tape player # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: #1 tore it all out. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: He had a recorder just like you got here. He was going to college. Interviewer: {NW} Sorry to hear that. Now you say you go to the store to buy what a pound or two 791: Of flour. Interviewer: Two yeah. Two what? 791: #1 To make # Interviewer: #2 two # 791: bread? Interviewer: okay. Um the uh the inside part of the egg call 791: yellow. Or yolk. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you cook eggs in hot water 791: poached. Poached egg. Interviewer: Poached. 791: Or boiled eggs if they if you leave the hull on. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now talking about that uh deep something baked in a deep dish and it has a crust on top uh maybe it doesn't have a crust on the bottom it's it's have some kind of a fruit filling in it. 791: Pie. Interviewer: Yeah. Something like a pie but this was maybe uh had more liquid in it than a pie it was kind of a speaker#3: cobbler? 791: cobbler. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you did you ever have any other names for those uh just call them cobbler or 791: Peach cobbler or berry cobbler or Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um now what would you call a kind of a something made with uh milk or had cream or sugar mixed in it uh that you might pour on top of a on top of a pie or a pudding or something like that. 791: Topping. Interviewer: topping? 791: Topping. speaker#3: cream. 791: or cream. speaker#3: Whipped cream. 791: Whipped cream. Interviewer: Okay that was just a sweet sweet uh 791: topping Interviewer: Sauce or 791: Sauce. Interviewer: Okay. Now food taken between regular meals you call a 791: Nack or snack. Interviewer: A nack? Or a snack? 791: Snack. Interviewer: Okay. Um 791: Or a knick knack Interviewer: Now you might say uh how how do you make coffee? 791: You put your water on and when it comes to a boil why have your coffee your ground coffee in your pot and then pour your water through on on top there how many cups you want to make. and let it drip through. Interviewer: Uh you drink a lot of uh coffee? {X} 791: I drink enough to float triple battleships #1 in my lifetime. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: My mouth Interviewer: {NW} 791: {NW} Interviewer: Now uh when dinner's on the table and the family stands around waiting again what would you say to them? You might all say well everybody 791: Everybody come on to lunch or come on to dinner. speaker#3: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 come # come on to supper. Interviewer: They're all standing you might say everybody 791: everybody be seated or everybody sit down. Interviewer: Sit down okay. 791: Be seated. speaker#3: Get your plate. Interviewer: So uh they all come in and they they all they've all what? So you getting to the table and they've all 791: washed. #1 Ready to eat. # Interviewer: #2 All washed and # they've all gotten chairs 791: All sit down. Interviewer: All sit down. Okay. And you want somebody not to wait until the potatoes are passed you might say 791: pass the potatoes. Interviewer: Well before you might say go ahead and 791: Go ahead and help yourself. Interviewer: Help yourself. Okay. So he went ahead and 791: Served hisself. Interviewer: Helped 791: helped hisself. Interviewer: helped hisself okay. Now if you decide not to eat something you say I don't 791: I don't care for it Interviewer: don't care for it okay. If food has been cooked and served the second time you say it's been 791: warmed over. Interviewer: #1 Warmed over? # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Now you put your food in your mouth and you begin to 791: chew. Interviewer: Chew it. Oh. We were talking about mush. Um something you might make out of corn meal maybe and boil it with salt and water in it that was 791: Right. Interviewer: okay. Did you ever make any out of uh just uh leftover cornbread or something like that you might mix up with anything else? uh 791: #1 Not that I know of. # speaker#3: #2 it's called cush. # Interviewer: #1 You've had that? # 791: #2 Other than that. # speaker#3: That's called cush. {X}. Interviewer: Cush. Did you ever have cush? 791: Yup. Yeah. Interviewer: What was that? 791: It was where you had the leftover cornbread and put onions in it and made the little seasoning #1 and stir it up # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 I see that was # 791: #2 kind of bake it. # That was the cush Interviewer: Cush. Okay. Alright. 791: And then if you had cornbread leftover from say from dinner why you might uh you know to change the menu a little why you might slice the cornbread and fry it. Interviewer: {NW} 791: In other words you back those days you didn't throw anything away if you could save it or use it. Interviewer: Now uh we were talking about you had your own vegetable 791: garden? Interviewer: Garden? 791: Right. Interviewer: What sort of uh vegetables you have? What 791: Well I I grow everything here. I mean uh uh uh most most family gardens would have. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Squash. Cucumbers. Interviewer: What type squash you got? 791: Yellow crookneck. Interviewer: Okay is there another kind of white flat squash? 791: Oh yeah. #1 there's star shaped squash # Interviewer: #2 what's that called # 791: Now they've got okra squash and flower squash they have all types of squash okra and everything it's all speaker#3: didn't know it was called white squash. 791: You have all types of different vegetables now. Interviewer: Yeah. Now uh you something's cooking it makes a good impression on your nostrils you might say Mm just 791: smells delicious or smells good. Interviewer: Yeah won't you just 791: Get a whiff of that? Interviewer: Smell that? 791: Smell of that. Interviewer: Smell of that. Okay. Now we talked about making your own syrup syrup is uh what is 791: uh product of sugar cane Interviewer: Okay different from molasses you say molasses is is thicker? Molasses 791: I'd I'd say that uh syrup or molasses is one and the same. Uh some people might call #1 syrup molasses. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay. 791: and I think was I don't I don't know just exactly how they arrived at that as the old saying goes they used to some of them said uh pass the molasses. And the little fellow said well I can't say molasses cause sir I haven't had any yet. So he couldn't say molasses because he hadn't had any. #1 He just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: All he could say was pass the lasses. Where he hadn't had no mo-lasses. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Now you might say this isn't imitation maple syrup it's Not the imitation it's 791: real {D: word macola} or Interviewer: Yeah Pure or 791: Pure. Interviewer: gen 791: Genuine. Interviewer: Genuine. Okay. Sugar uh now is sold in packages but used to be sold 791: in Bundles or #1 bar # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 in bulk? # 791: #2 bark. # bulk. Interviewer: Okay. What do you all a sweet uh spread you make by boiling sugar with the juices of uh some sort of fruits or something like that? {X} 791: Jelly. Interviewer: #1 Jelly # 791: #2 Jams. # Interviewer: Okay. And on the table to season food with you have uh 791: Salt pepper. Interviewer: Salt? 791: Maybe pepper sauce. Interviewer: Salt and pepper? 791: {X} on a red {X} speaker#3: {NW} {X} Interviewer: Now the bowl of fruit say peaches and apples you somebody offers you peaches you might say no What get no I don't want a I don't want a I don't want a peach give it one 791: Give me an apple. Interviewer: Okay. Now It wasn't these boys it must have been one of 791: those boys. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now somebody speaks to you you didn't hear what he says what might you say to make him repeat you might say 791: pardon or I didn't understand Interviewer: Okay pardon? or What what's that? Or something like that? 791: I didn't hear you. Interviewer: Alright. Now when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was the boy speaker#3: rich 791: that was rich or had plenty. Interviewer: Okay. That That what? That When I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy that his what? 791: his parents was rich. Interviewer: Okay. A man if a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about. But life is hard on the man 791: that's poor? Interviewer: Okay. Uh {NW} now the inside part of a cherry the part you don't eat you call that the 791: seed. Interviewer: Seed. And uh can you tell me the types of peaches you have here uh? 791: Well the only type that I have is what they call an Indian peach. It's a a press peach in other words it's clings to the seed. #1 It's not a clear seed # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: and it's the flesh or the peach is a deep red. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Extremely dark red. Interviewer: After you eat the apple the part you have left is the 791: core. Interviewer: core. Did you ever dry apples or? 791: Yes sir. Interviewer: Call them 791: dried apples. Interviewer: snips ever hear of that before? 791: No. Interviewer: Okay. No the kind of what kind of nuts you got? #1 Said you had almonds # 791: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh something like that 791: uh I have Japanese walnuts and pecan trees course pecan trees don't very seldom bear now and then they'll hit. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: but too many insects. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: My hometown is the pecan capital of the world. but uh we we can't get them to grow in our backyard. {NW} You got to line them good. #1 Not here. # 791: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: #1 So # 791: #2 line? # Interviewer: so soil doesn't have a good line here as I understand. That's what uh Mr Khumalo was telling me. Yeah Khumalo talk about a walnut now the outside part of a walnut you call the 791: hull Interviewer: The hull you gotta get down okay. The kind of nuts you pull out of a peanut what kind did you ever have different names for them or different types? 791: pinders or Interviewer: Pinders. 791: goobers. Interviewer: Goobers. Okay. Now you what kind of other fruit you got uh fruit comes from Florida that's 791: {NW} you mean citrus fruits uh Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Oranges. Interviewer: #1 you got a # 791: #2 lemons. # speaker#3: grapefruit. 791: grapefruit. All those come from Florida. California. Interviewer: You have a bag of oranges. You you you see that there's none left you might say where are the oranges or 791: gone or out. Interviewer: Oranges are all 791: all gone. Interviewer: Okay. You got a little red peppery vegetable kind of with a wide inside grows in the ground? Um you might eat it raw or use it as a relish. 791: Oh uh radish. Interviewer: Radish? Got that here? 791: we have them. Interviewer: Okay and then there's that big red and juicy grows on a vine my favorite vegetable except for okra my favorite vegetable is okra. #1 this is # 791: #2 tomato # Interviewer: Yeah. What type do you got for them? 791: All types. Interviewer: {NW} 791: {NW} every Every type. Gulf states and creole just all types. Interviewer: #1 what's a creole mean? # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: it was developed in Louisiana by a university. Interviewer: Really? 791: Creole {NW} especially for Louisiana. Interviewer: Now a little one maybe no bigger than the end of your thumb you might call that a 791: tommy toe Interviewer: tommy toe? Okay. Alright. You ever heard of out house tomatoes? {NW} 791: Yeah. Interviewer: That's some some folks well I've heard that folks calling them out house tomatoes or something like that. Tomatoes will grow. Around you know where sewage is. 791: Yeah. Interviewer: That's what I'm thinking people can't digest tomato seeds. 791: No. Interviewer: Can't digest them. Now you were talking about potatoes uh what what other kind of what kind of potatoes you got? 791: Uh arsh potatoes is all that I speaker#3: #1 particularly # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: grow in yeah why you Interviewer: Well tell me about sweet potatoes you #1 call them # 791: #2 well # sweet potatoes uh why you call them yams or Interviewer: Got any different types? Or anything? 791: No uh that you got different types but it's Interviewer: {X} 791: why you don't specify them I mean you don't you just call them potatoes or sweet potatoes. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 It's # It's easier to identify a sweet potato or arsh potato. speaker#3: Yeah. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Now something # with a strong odor that makes tears come to your eyes 791: onions. Interviewer: You got you different types of them or? 791: No I don't I very seldom grow any {D: could just be written as unintelligible} for that you no more than you use why you can buy them. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Cheaper than you can fool with them. Interviewer: Now that kind of young onion you might use when it's uh cut young little fresh ones? uh speaker#3: Evergreen? 791: Evergreen. Interviewer: #1 You might use them # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # 791: like in making dressing salads and something like that. blades. Interviewer: Use shallots? Have you got them here? Or anything? 791: Yeah. Yeah we I very seldom grow any #1 just occasionally. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And if you leave a a fruit drying lit around it'll dry and 791: {D: he could be saying "swivel"} shrivel away. Interviewer: Okay. Kind of vegetable that comes in large leafy heads uh 791: Lettuce. Cabbage. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah you say what what 791: head of lettuce or a head of cabbage. Interviewer: Do you raise them here? you got 791: #1 Raise # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: raise a head of cabbage. Interviewer: I see. 791: Lettuce is is too hard. Too many insects. speaker#3: No {X} 791: Well lettuce has to be planted in a bed or and then transplanted. if lettuce is not transplanted it won't head. Interviewer: You got any cabbage plants now? 791: No I have few in the spring but they're all gone now. Interviewer: What'd you plant? You planted about what? {NS} 791: Oh I just planted about half a row. Interviewer: Oh about twenty? 791: About thirty or forty. Interviewer: Heads of 791: one one bundle of plants. I think the chickens got all of them but about eight or ten. Interviewer: #1 I see. # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You say I planted what about twenty or thirty speaker#3: plants. 791: Plants. Interviewer: Cabbage 791: Cabbage plants. Interviewer: Okay. Um now when you want to get beans out of the pod by hand you say you had to 791: shell them. Interviewer: Okay. We were talking about butter beans and lima beans uh what are the kind you got the kind of beans you eat pod and all? 791: String beans. Interviewer: String beans? 791: #1 Or snap beans. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Snap beans. Okay. What different kinds do you grow? Can I ask 791: #1 I very seldom # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: I very seldom plant anything other than Kentucky Wonder. Interviewer: Kentucky Wonder. 791: Kentucky Wonder. Interviewer: And then you got the kind that grows up 791: you have the bunch or the running. You can buy them bunched Kentucky Wonders or the running Kentucky Wonder. Interviewer: Okay you got anything that grows up on a #1 straight up? # 791: #2 pole? # Interviewer: Pole beans? 791: No I don't have any. Interviewer: Okay. Now you take the top of turnips and cook them and make up a mess of 791: turnip greens. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Any other types of uh greens you use besides turnip tops? 791: #1 Make collard # speaker#3: #2 mustard # 791: mustard Interviewer: Yeah. I hear that folks use that poke. I thought 791: Yeah. speaker#3: oh yeah. 791: Old timers why they bleeding the pokes out. Interviewer: #1 Pokes out? # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: #1 Pokes out. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I see. speaker#3: #1 {X} # 791: #2 He didn't early spring. # speaker#3: #1 {X} # 791: #2 When it first comes out. # speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: Yeah I saw man I saw a lot of that with I saw those weeds grow up there I said that looks kind of rough I don't know if I could eat that or not. 791: #1 I haven't eaten any of it in years. # speaker#3: #2 It tastes like spinach though. # 791: That that's speaker#3: You get you some tastes like spinach. 791: It tastes like spinach. {NS} You got to get it when it's young and tender in early spring. #1 In other words after early spring # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: #1 why it's no good. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Now if a man had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a what of kids? speaker#3: family. 791: a whole passel of children. Interviewer: Passel? Okay. #1 Great. # 791: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um the corn is tender to eat on the cob you call 791: Ear corn. Interviewer: Well if it's tender enough to eat off the cob 791: Rosemary. Interviewer: Rosemary? Okay. You ever hear any word like mutton corn or? 791: I don't think. Interviewer: Okay. The top of the cornstalk is the 791: tassel. Interviewer: Tassel? Okay. And the stringy stuff that comes out of it 791: Silk. Interviewer: Silk? Alright. Now the large round fruit that grows in the ground you might use this during Thanksgiving to make a pie out of or 791: pumpkin. Interviewer: Pumpkin? #1 Okay. # speaker#3: #2 It grows on top. # {NW} Interviewer: Huh? speaker#3: Doesn't grow in the ground. {NW} Grows on top. Interviewer: Oh. Did I say in the ground? speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: I didn't mean to say that. {NW} 791: uh Interviewer: I'm not that gauche. {NW} 791: #1 uh # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I'm not that naive # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I know a little about the farm. # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um What kind of melons do you raise? 791: A Charleston graze is what I always plant. Interviewer: That's the uh #1 what? # 791: #2 It's a large # grade melon. Interviewer: watermelon? 791: watermelon. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Do you grow any other types around here Mr. Foster? 791: Oh yeah. Yeah. There's all types growing. Black Diamond and speaker#3: # speaker#3: #1 {X} # 791: #2 then a lot of people # is planting a {NW} striped melon they. I believe the seed was developed in Texas Interviewer: Yeah 791: By one of the universities I don't know the name of them I I've never tried any of them. speaker#3: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Somebody # told me that they're #1 planting yellow meat watermelon # 791: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 around here. # speaker#3: #2 yeah it's delicious. # 791: They're They're the sweetest melon on the market is the yellow-meated watermelon. Interviewer: I've never seen one of those #1 in my life. # 791: #2 you # Well I'll tell you where can find them. Interviewer: Are they big? 791: They're pretty good size melon. You can find them at uh Jame's red and white grocery store. They've got them there. Mr Shancle raises them. Interviewer: Is it really yellow? 791: Just as deep yellow as you can get and just like taking a bite of sugar. Or honey it's so sweet. Interviewer: {NW} 791: They're delicious. Interviewer: That's I'll tell you a story my grandfather uh 791: Yeah Interviewer: {NW} 791: You might not want it on that tape. Interviewer: Go ahead. 791: Uh back years ago my brother he he was one of them that didn't take a dare He's in everything like most boys but anyway why he got pretty good size boy there was about five or six of them got together and they went off on an old tire truck no cab on it and an old Ford an old Ford tire truck with no cab. Well they'd been off to a dance or a party somewhere and they was coming back and they pulled up in one of the {NS} people's houses lived in the neighborhood and he had a watermelon patch just before you got to his house down the lane a little piece. so Some of them said let's get the watermelon. so they stopped the old truck they two or three of them jumped over the fence and got a watermelon a piece. Well that wasn't bad enough to steal a man's watermelon so they got up to the man's house and somebody told my brother says I dare you to bust one of them on his front porch. So my brother said stop the truck. Said I'll bust it. So when the man stopped the truck well my brother jumped off the truck and run and throwed the watermelon from the gate it landed on the porch well by the time it landed on the porch why this old Ford truck I usually to predict {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: You know #1 Ford truck went dead # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: just as my brother got back to it why the old boy's trying to crank it and he said {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: #1 That was it. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: so they had to leave the truck and they broke and run course the man was up with his shotgun and Interviewer: #1 blew all the tires off of it # 791: #2 {NW} # no the next morning when the old boy's truck it belonged to went back why he said well he said no he said you can get the truck by paying the for the watermelon you busted on the steps and the watermelons you got on the truck. So he Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 791: #2 {NW} # He paid for the watermelons and got his truck. Interviewer: {NW} 791: But I Interviewer: Oh boy uh {NW} My little brother did that once and he got caught too. Um now any other different types of melons you raise? 791: Uh Interviewer: little melons uh or buy them? 791: They speaker#3: {X} 791: I I I've never raised any of them they've got what you call a ice box melon it's a very small melon ice box melon. and now that we've we've got some people that grows the melon in fact I had some of them last year here in the garden. I planted a few hills. #1 and it's nothing # Interviewer: #2 right # 791: for those watermelons I don't know the name of them but a long large gray melon and it's it's not anything uncommon for them to reach eighty or ninety pounds. If they're if they're cared for. You may even see some of them before you leave town. They I haven't saw any so far this year but they usually later than all the other melons. They'll come out be three three and a half four five dollars a piece. But they're huge melons. People will buy them to carry them all the way across the states. Interviewer: Huh. 791: Just for show. Interviewer: Um now little melons with the white meat or yellow meat you call them a what a 791: Pine melon? or ice box melon. Interviewer: Ice box do you ever get cantaloupe? Cantaloupe? 791: Oh cantaloupe yeah. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 I thought you meant we're still on watermelons. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 791: #2 Yeah. # #1 You have canteloupes # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: mush melon. Interviewer: Mush melon? Okay. Now a little thing that might spring up in the woods after a rain with an umbrella shape 791: mushroom. Interviewer: Mushroom? You {NW} you got the kind of those that you can't eat you call them a what? You can eat mushrooms but you can't eat a um speaker#3: toadstool Interviewer: How's that 791: toadstool. Interviewer: Toadstool? Okay. Now you might say this soup's so hot I couldn't what 791: suit? Interviewer: Soup. It's a 791: #1 oh soup. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: I can't uh eat it. #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 what # 791: #1 or can't swallow it. # Interviewer: #2 sw- # Okay. What do people smoke? Some smoke pipes others smoke 791: Cigarettes. #1 Some cigars. # Interviewer: #2 and # Okay. Now uh somebody offers to do you a favor you might say I appreciate it but I don't want these they offer to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate I don't want to be 791: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # beholden? Or 791: beholden or Interviewer: Beholden to you or obligated to you which one? 791: Well most people when they want to do you a favor why it ain't it's not always to get you to uh be obligated to them Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 or # you just don't want to override your friendship. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh somebody asks you about sun down to do some work and you say I got up to work before sun up and I blank on going to do today I 791: did all I'm going to do today. Interviewer: Did all I'm going to do today okay. There was a terrible accident on the road but there was no need to call the doctor because the victim was #1 un- # 791: #2 already # #1 dead? # speaker#3: #2 dead? # {NW} Interviewer: Already dead? Okay. Uh now getting in the types of animals you got here you got what about that kind of bird that sees in the dark? You got that a 791: Owl? Interviewer: Yeah what kind of owls you got? 791: You got the hoot owl the horned owl. speaker#3: screech 791: And the screech owl. Interviewer: Okay. Uh And you said that bird that pecks is 791: peckerwood. Interviewer: Peckerwood? 791: Red headed peckerwood. speaker#3: {X} 791: They were almost extinct here a few years ago they we was on the wildlife and fisheries conservation magazine came out and said that they was just a such a small amount of them left that they was asking everyone to not kill them because they were such a easy target with that black with a white vest and a bright red head with a white {NW} uh neck. They was such an easy target till they was asking everyone not to kill them and now they came back and they're everywhere. You can see plenty of them but they for years they've got to where you would never see one but one a year. Interviewer: {NW} 791: and there's been one right here for the the whole summer. Eating figs and different types of fruit. Uh he he's stayed right here the whole summer. Interviewer: Now uh you got a big one? you know maybe about the size of a half grown chicken? Wood hen when it gets grown? #1 You ever seen those? # 791: #2 Wood # a wood hen? Interviewer: yeah or any big ones? uh {NW} 791: yeah they they they call them Indian hens. Interviewer: #1 big like smacker woods # 791: #2 you mean wild? # Yeah. That's what you call an Indian hen. Interviewer: Oh. 791: That's uh they're they are huge bigger than a red headed peckerwood. In other words they're about large as a half grown or two thirds #1 grown chicken. # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: That's an Indian hen peckerwood? 791: Yeah it's they'll get on a hollow tree and peck on it just like a woodpecker. Interviewer: Now talking about peckerwood you you ever hear that used that word used in any other sense? uh folks will use it to describe people or? 791: Yeah. You got a head as hard as a woodpecker or a lot of people refer to them as having a head as hard as a woodpecker because he peck on a log or stump. Interviewer: Okay. You you ever hear of for a class or type people or you're all white you know you might get mad at somebody and say that? #1 Say why you old # speaker#3: #2 {NW} # 791: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 you old peckerwood # 791: #2 you old wood # peckerwood or wood pecker. You old peckerwood. Interviewer: I see. Okay what would that mean? Was that was that would folks use as a compliment or? 791: Well not necessarily they just probably if someone was kind of con contrary or something or didn't want to go along #1 with the crowd or # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: the party or something. #1 You hear that used now. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: This day and time. You peckerwood you. Interviewer: Okay. It just meant 791: Yeah. It just a lingo or Interviewer: It just meant somebody was what they're speaker#3: hard headed. 791: Hard headed. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: {X} somebody like that you'd say I I didn't know he was so hard headed or my goodness 791: #1 he sure is a # speaker#3: #2 bullheaded # 791: bullheaded. Interviewer: #1 person? # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: Yeah. Interviewer: Stubborn or 791: stubborn. contrary. Interviewer: Contrary. A contrary person is a a type of person who you know just 791: Yeah. Interviewer: Always want things his own way that sort of thing 791: {NW} Interviewer: Okay we'll get back to that in a little while but now the kind of black and white animal that has a powerful smell 791: Skunk. Interviewer: Skunk? 791: Pole cat. Interviewer: Pole cat. Okay. Talking about squirrels you were talking about squirrels uh any different types you got around here or? 791: You have two types. Cat squirrel fox squirrel. Cat squirrels small and feisty as lightning and the fox squirrel is huge large. Interviewer: Yeah. You got a little one maybe that can't climb trees runs around on the ground here? 791: No. We Interviewer: Okay. Oh what type of fish you got? Uh 791: Pretty well all types. Interviewer: {NW} 791: Catfish bass brim perch bluegill Interviewer: okay any saltwater fish uh that you know about? uh #1 {X} # 791: #2 No # I I would imagine that this German carp that has ended up in all of the streams and lakes probably is saltwater. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: It came up the rivers and creeks from the island gulf Interviewer: #1 okay. # 791: #2 German carp. # Interviewer: Uh what what's that kind of seafood you're not supposed to eat unless the month has an "R" in it? speaker#3: {X} 791: Was it crab? Interviewer: Uh 791: #1 I'm not familiar. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: oysters? Interviewer: Yeah. Was it them? um any other kind of shr- seafood you might get here or? Little fan tailed #1 type animal # 791: #2 shrimp. # Interviewer: Yeah. 791: Shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. Uh might go out to buy a couple pounds of 791: Shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. What about that thing that um you find in the streams around here I hear y'all get a lot of them they go backwards they got claws and 791: crawfish. Interviewer: Crawfish? speaker#3: Crawdad. 791: You got lots of them in Louisiana. Interviewer: {NW} 791: Plenty of them. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Down south Louisiana it's many of them are they have to at certain times of the year when the water uh has been way up and recedes Interviewer: Yeah 791: There'd be so many crawfish on the highway until the cars will mash them and they'll have to get the uh state to come in with the motor patrols and dry the highways to get the crawfish sludge off the highways. Interviewer: #1 they're that common? # 791: #2 to keep them # That's right. You're to the not this past spring but a year ago this past spring Interviewer: #1 {X} # 791: #2 They had so many of them # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 791: #2 that you could just # Interviewer: {X} 791: Go there and fill up a wash tub full in just a a few minutes and sit them in trunk of your car and {NS} door or fill a bed of a pickup truck with a square footed shovel just scoop them up now that's how many it's no exaggeration that's facts. Interviewer: {NW} 791: That's facts. Everybody. From all over north Louisiana everywhere went down in south Louisiana below where the {D: uncertain} is got all the crawfish they want. Interviewer: Now those things you hear that make a a noise around the pond at night 791: Frogs spring frogs or bull frogs Interviewer: You you got two two different types? 791: you you got two different types. Toad frogs. speaker#3: Tree frogs. Interviewer: #1 toad frogs? # 791: #2 tree frogs. # Interviewer: Tree frogs? What's yeah tree frogs is a little ol' 791: little green frog that usually stays on green vegetation uh we usually got some around this fig tree you they'll step up on the window there and catch insects at night off of the windows. Interviewer: talking about insects what kind of them you got around here? speaker#3: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 791: got too many of them to talk about. {NW} There all type of insects. Interviewer: You got the kind that uh bites in your clothes and and uh like you have to like put these little balls in your clothes to get rid of them 791: we very seldom bother with with them. Uh speaker#3: #1 {X} # 791: #2 them the insects past out in the garden and fields is # about the only thing we have to worry about. speaker#3: yeah we got {X} on ours. 791: Yeah you now clothes moths but very seldom in the house. speaker#3: yeah. Interviewer: you don't get the 791: moth balls. Interviewer: #1 yeah you don't get the moth balls or anything # 791: #2 if you if you store them # if you store them outside of something why you might put the moth balls or the B-D-B in them. Interviewer: Now something that uh speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: that might go around a a lamp at night 791: candle bugs Interviewer: candle bugs? Okay. um what do you go fishing with? uh 791: I usually use a spin and reel or Interviewer: #1 no no no no # 791: #2 oh # Interviewer: um something you might #1 use for bait. # speaker#3: #2 worms crickets # 791: worms cricket or artificial baits. speaker#3: {X} 791: Shiners. Interviewer: Shiners? Okay. Talking about uh worms you might use what kind of worms you have? 791: regular earth worms or red wrigglers #1 or nightcrawlers. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I see what's a red wriggler? 791: He's a medium size worm deep deep red Interviewer: red worm? You ever call it . #1 that # 791: #2 red # Red worm. Interviewer: I see. 791: The nightcrawler reminds you of a little small snake. He's quick fast there's lot's of wiggling while you're trying to put him on the hook. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: So nightcrawler. Interviewer: What they regular type worms? 791: It's it's regular type worm but they'll get to be large they grow pretty large. Interviewer: you got a kind of a white one that maybe grows in a tree or something in a rotten tree you see 791: that's a grub worm. Interviewer: grub worm? 791: grow around the ca uh barn where the rich dirt #1 or in a # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 791: under rotten logs. speaker#3: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 791: {NW} Grub worms. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay. # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Now then you got that hard shell animal that sticks his head back and 791: terrapin. Interviewer: Yeah. But you got any uh terrapin what what types you got of turtle? 791: Just just the one terrapin and then you got hard shell turtle logger head soft shell turtles you got all types of turtles. Interviewer: I see. 791: Lots of them. Interviewer: Okay. You know what a you know what a you got a gopher here? 791: oh yeah. Interviewer: okay what's that? 791: it's a little animal that {NW} goes on the ground go uh you got the salamander or the mole. The mole he just goes just under the ground and raises the dirt up where you can see where everywhere he goes. But the salamander he'll just push up a little mound of dirt and it may be several feet before he pushes up another little mound of dirt. Interviewer: Salamander. 791: salamander. Interviewer: That's a how big is it uh 791: He's about five inches in #1 length. # speaker#3: #2 kind of like a rat. # 791: About like a medium size rat. Interviewer: Oh really? 791: yeah. They have a pouch on each side of their jaw they carry a whole bunch of food in that to wherever their den's at. Interviewer: {NW} speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: We caught you know now we got a lizard that we call a salamander in south Georgia. 791: A lizard. Interviewer: yeah. A type of lizard we call a salamander. #1 It's a # 791: #2 called # Interviewer: little you know thing that goes around like that little old thing? speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: Yeah some of them you find them in the water. like they're #1 they're green # 791: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you know they're green they live in streams and things like that. 791: I've Interviewer: well 791: I've never used Interviewer: Then you got that kind of a thing talking about getting back to insects again you got that kind of a bug light stuff uh 791: lightning bug. Interviewer: lightning bug. Okay. And you got a uh then you got the I hear that you got lots of uh {X} kinds that will bite you if you're 791: mosquitoes. Interviewer: Mosquitoes. 791: Got plenty of them. Interviewer: I was I was riding a bicycle 791: We Interviewer: go ahead 791: we're not bothered by them too bad here. Uh. One thing uh we read different books on uh the mosquitoes and the martins. Martin bird Interviewer: {NW} 791: and they tell us uh different books is told I I don't remember the amount of mosquitoes that one martin consumes in a day. but it's a huge amount. It's almost unbelievable how many mosquitoes one bird Interviewer: #1 really? # 791: #2 one martin can consume # and uh I keep a martin box here year round so not just one or two but several. And there's always martins here and I'm very of course I #1 know we have mosquitoes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: #1 Because I have a pond and # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: #1 they branches. # Interviewer: #2 creek water yeah. # 791: But it it works. Interviewer: Well now the martin that's that chimney sweep isn't it 791: #1 it he looks # Interviewer: #2 that # 791: #1 like a chimney sweep # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: #1 now that's different # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: the difference between a martin and a chimney sweep. Interviewer: Have you ever seen a martin get after a hawk? 791: oh yeah. Interviewer: I've seen them get after a hawk they'll kill him. 791: #1 They'll # Interviewer: #2 the hawk will yeah # 791: they'll run him completely out. Interviewer: Talking about in uh mosquitoes what else eats mosquitoes these things might hang around the pond uh 791: Frogs. Interviewer: Well you ever seen these are kind of a long thin bodied insect with transparent wings 791: oh mosquito hawk. Interviewer: Mosquito hawk? 791: Mosquito hawk. Interviewer: Okay. You got any insects that sting uh flying insects? 791: {NW} Got the bumble bee and the wasp #1 yellow jacket # Interviewer: #2 what type # what type wasps you got? 791: you got the red wasp dark red and then you have the guinea wasp that's kind of striped like. Got a little yellow different color on it. Interviewer: Okay. Is a bumble a yellow jacket? That's a uh is that a wasp or 791: no that's on the bees family. It's a little yellow bee. Interviewer: {NW} 791: #1 And they'll # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: wrap you up when you get in stir up a mess to them #1 why # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: they'll get all over you up your britches leg down your collar up your shirt sleeve in your nose they'll get all over. You'll hunt a hole water to get in #1 quick. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Miss where where do they build a nest? 791: In the ground. Interviewer: Okay. And then you got a you got a kind of a type wasp that make builds its nest in a dirt place on the side of the yard? speaker#3: dirt dauber 791: Dirt Interviewer: meant no kind of a dirt place on the you know on the side your house or something like that? 791: uh bumble bee? speaker#3: no dirt dauber. 791: no You mean Interviewer: ever heard dirt dauber? 791: Yeah you got the dirt dauber that build a a nest out of dirt Interviewer: #1 yeah what # 791: #2 and lays eggs in there and # and then lays egg and then kills catches spiders and paralyzes them and puts them in the uh nest or in the hole with this egg that the dirt dauber has laid. And then that uh egg hatches and makes the larva and when the dirt dauber hatches into a dirt dauber he pushes the end down the nest and he already got his food there ''til he gets old enough to survive on his own. Interviewer: have um have you gotten kind of a thing that makes a big paper nest kind of like shaped a 791: hornet. Interviewer: Okay. 791: Yeah a hornet. Interviewer: #1 Now them the worst. # 791: #2 uh # Yeah that's that's the reason I said down here a few days uh yesterday that uh a lot of people say that the boys are meaner now these days than they used to be well I still don't go along with that because I remember one instance where that a boy pulled a hornet's nest and crammed a piece of paper in the hornet nest and carried this hornet nest to a church. Interviewer: {NW} 791: And putted it just as he throwed it he pulled the paper plug out of the hornet nest. Interviewer: Oh no. 791: Yep. So that ain't no meaner now {NW} it's just more for them to get in to but Interviewer: {X} 791: {NW} Interviewer: The folks were in the church? 791: Yeah. Interviewer: In the church? 791: full of full of people. Interviewer: {NW} during the 791: during the service. Course that'd been many many years ago. Interviewer: God 791: {NW} #1 more than anything # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 791: I'll tell you what you can do you can shoot one of them hornet nests with a 22 rifle and it won't go more than the {NW} gun pop and that bullet hit until there'll be a hornet where you're at don't never try it. Don't think that hornet can't follow the path of that bullet. #1 He be there to you # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: it don't matter if you're 100 yards out there He'll be there to you in a {NW} few seconds. Interviewer: {NW} Now small insects you might be walking through the woods and these will get in your skin and burrow your make them raise red welts on you 791: red bug. Interviewer: red bug? 791: Chiggers. speaker#3: ticks. 791: Ticks. speaker#3: {NW} Interviewer: You got that insect that hops through the grass and the 791: grasshopper. Interviewer: Grasshopper. Okay. Ever heard them called hopper grasses? or anything like that 791: I always call them grasshoppers. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh you might gosh something uh uh that this insect makes you might find one across the corner of the room if you haven't swept in a while 791: spiderwebs. Interviewer: Spiderweb? Okay. uh if you find one outside you might call it a what across a tree spider web? 791: Spiderweb. Interviewer: does would maybe uh one you might find a spider that left a band or something like that what would you call that got to get a broom and sweep beneath it 791: cobweb Interviewer: cobweb eh so you might say cobwebs were something you know about inside you know any difference between a spiderweb and a cobweb? 791: No I don't guess at it I I don't I don't know what would be the difference cob cobweb might be cobweb's just been left there so long. Interviewer: Okay. speaker#3: whole lot of them 791: or a whole lot of them or something. Interviewer: Now when you're pulling up a stump you have to dig around and cut out the 791: tap root or the Interviewer: the roots? 791: Right. Interviewer: Did did you ever use those for anything? Folks ever use roots to make medicine of any sort? 791: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 791: sassafras did but other than sassafras why I never knew of making uh anything out of the root now other than uh ma making different types of medicine now the limbs or the leaves Interviewer: Yeah 791: #1 back in the old days why they # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: I don't I probably would never think of the name of it uh back in years ago why lots of people had {D: might be another word} raisins were boiled to think call them now Interviewer: yeah. 791: and uh about the only way you could get rid of them was to take this particular bush that grew on the side of the spring branches and Toro creek and different creeks in this area Interviewer: {NW} 791: and they would uh make a tea out of that and give it to children and it would clear up the {D: rizens} for meeting just within a few days why you quit having them. maybe you'd have six or eight only. And then having them continue. Interviewer: {NW} 791: and it would clear them up. It would clear clear up the bloodstream I presume. Interviewer: But you can't remember any any types of roots they might have made for {D: dunno the word pulises} or something like that or? speaker#3: {X} 791: {NW} well that wasn't from the roots that was from the bark of uh red oak trees it'd make a red oak {D: word} polis Interviewer: I see 791: for drawing out infection or anything #1 in fact # Interviewer: #2 okay # 791: they use arsh potatoes. Interviewer: {NW} 791: but it's it's a good mash arsh potato. You can make arsh potato {D: word} polis and draw out splinters or or anything like that in other words take uh raw arsh potatoes and scrape them. Like a {D: pollus} and it works. speaker#3: {X} Some people might Interviewer: Mr {X} can you what type of trees do you have here in the neighborhood? 791: Pine hickory red oak post oak black gum black jack Interviewer: What's black jack? 791: It's a type oak type of oak. Don't never get very large and then you got the sand jack acorn tree don't never get very large lot of times be just loaded with acorns and you got elm spruce you got all different types. Pretty well Interviewer: Have you got a a a kind of a tree with a white scaly bark and big 791: chicken willow. Interviewer: Yeah. Got them 791: plenty of them Interviewer: now here you got tall but what 791: Catalpa Interviewer: Catalpa tree? 791: Right. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh have you got that kind of big shrub that makes people break out sometimes it turns red in the fall uh some folks used to use it to tan leather with uh su- um sumac 791: sumac? Interviewer: sumac? 791: Sumac. Interviewer: You get that? 791: I don't {NW} I don't believe I've gotten any of it here I know what you're #1 talking about I saw lots of it # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: it's around uh out of Toro it was around our old place and it grows up makes pretty good size uh not tree but pretty good size stalk #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 yeah shrubs # 791: four five inches in diameter and be spread maybe 6 to 8 to 10 feet and just be loaded with little berries. Little clusters of berries like grapes only very small. Interviewer: What other types of berries you got here? 791: blackberries huckleberries dewberries Interviewer: #1 you # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: strawberries Interviewer: can you raise rasp uh 791: yeah you can raise raspberries. Interviewer: Raspberries okay. Now that's uh the kind the berries you can't eat you say they're better not be careful about those berries they might be 791: poisonous Interviewer: poisonous okay. Um speaking of did you get kind of a a vine here that will just eat you up if you get 791: poison ivy. Interviewer: poison ivy 791: or poison oak. Interviewer: okay. um have you got a large flowering tree with a shiny white leaf here a? 791: magnolia? Interviewer: yeah. 791: #1 or or # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 791: sweet bay. Interviewer: Okay any types of tall bushes with clusters of moons on them or sort of that thing like a you know smaller than pollen yeah that's a giant. 791: not that I can remember off hand. Interviewer: you got laurel of any sort here? 791: not that I know of. Interviewer: okay. now if a married woman doesn't want to make up her mind she says I have to ask my 791: husband Interviewer: okay any older names uh? woman 791: spouse. Interviewer: spouse okay. I'd better ask but but speaker#3: boss 791: better ask the boss. Interviewer: Okay or and a man might say I must ask 791: I'll have to ask the wife or Interviewer: the wife okay. a woman who's lost her husband is called a 791: widow. Interviewer: now uh what you call did you have affectionate terms you might call your father or 791: {NW} Uh dad or daddy Interviewer: what is your father 791: my father. Interviewer: okay. and you might call your you your mother any other what you call her do you have any 791: no my mother or speaker#3: Mom. 791: Mom. Interviewer: okay alright. Your father and mother together called your 791: Mother and dad speaker#3: parents. 791: or parents. Interviewer: Okay. Now you're father's father is called your 791: grandfather. Interviewer: well any names uh any other names for him you might call him uh 791: grandpa or papa Interviewer: and your grand your grandmother you might call 791: mama or {D: momma} Interviewer: mama okay 791: or grandma. Interviewer: okay. Now uh something on wheels you put the baby in and the baby or then you take the baby out 791: baby carriage Interviewer: #1 okay take # speaker#3: #2 {X} # Interviewer: him out and do what? Go out with the baby going to what? 791: Shopping. or to work. Interviewer: setting saying going to go to what? speaker#3: {X} 791: Strolling? Interviewer: stroll the baby? okay. uh your children are your sons and 791: daughters Interviewer: okay. did you have a boy or did y'all have any kids or you had 791: oh yeah we we got uh two boys and one girl. Interviewer: Oh okay. Alright. Now if a woman is going to have a child you say she's 791: pregnant. Interviewer: Okay any other ways folks would say it uh 791: well she's going to speaker#3: expecting 791: expecting or going to give birth to a child or Interviewer: okay you ever hear broke foot or #1 anything like that # 791: #2 No. # Interviewer: if you don't have a doctor to deliver the baby you have to get a speaker#3: midwife. 791: what is it midwife is it or what is it called? Interviewer: midwife? Did did they ever have an older name for it uh? 791: that's That's what I'm wondering. Interviewer: #1 did did you ever # 791: #2 feel like I did. # Interviewer: call it a granny or grand woman anything like that? 791: Yeah. Interviewer: okay. um now if a boy and his father have the same appearance you say the boy 791: has the same of which? Interviewer: has the same appearance. You say the boy 791: oh that's taking after his father or the spitting image. Interviewer: okay. yeah if he looks like him you say he what he 791: favors him. Interviewer: favors him okay. What about if he acquired the same sort of mannerisms or or uh behavior of his father you say he 791: he's just like his daddy or Interviewer: okay. Alright. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: any terms you use disapprovingly you know about acquiring his father's habits you know well that boy's drinking. He's a 791: chip off of the old block or Interviewer: chip off the old block okay 791: if his father if his father drinks he and he the boy drinks why you might say well some people refer to it well he's a chip off of the old block #1 the following in his # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: dad's footsteps or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. Now to an only child you might say you're gonna get a 791: spanking or paddling. Interviewer: paddling okay any other words uh 791: lashing. Interviewer: lashing. Whooping or 791: Whooping. Interviewer: Whooping okay. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: Alright. Uh now a child born to an unmarried woman is a 791: uh illegitimate Interviewer: illegitimate okay. Any jesting names folks have for them uh you you ever hear them called anything uh else 791: what do they call them? speaker#3: bastard. 791: yeah call them bastard children. Interviewer: Okay. alright any names uh you heard used by other groups or by about blacks or by blacks or uh or white folks or anything like that? {NW} 791: No not that I know Interviewer: Okay. Now your brother's son is called your 791: nephew. Interviewer: {NS} Okay. {NS} A child that's lost both its father and mother is called 791: a orphan. Interviewer: {NS} orphan. Okay. A person who's appointed to look after them 791: guardian. Interviewer: Okay. Now if a woman gives a party uh invites all the people that are related to her you say she asked all all her speaker#3: relatives 791: kinfolks or relatives Interviewer: okay. {NS} you might say yeah she has the same family name and she does look a bit like but we're actually 791: no kin or Interviewer: no kind okay. No 791: not related. Interviewer: not related okay. Somebody comes into town and you hadn't seen him before you might say he's a 791: stranger. Interviewer: #1 okay would it make any difference # 791: #2 newcomer. # Interviewer: newcomer? 791: Right. Interviewer: Would would it make any difference how far he came from Mr? Foster or 791: no it wouldn't make any difference in other words if you didn't know him and he was a stranger in town why it wouldn't make any difference whether he's five miles or five hundred. He'd be a stranger or a newcomer. Interviewer: Okay now those folks that came from Nulano they refer to Nulano they might be referred to as what? 791: well they they'd be referred to a native of {X} uh #1 I don't know if I can quite follow you. # Interviewer: #2 well # well didn't didn't some now Mr. West called some of them foreigners. speaker#3: oh. 791: Well yeah they were they were something speaker#3: when they first came in. 791: When they first came in Nulano yeah they was they was from everywhere. uh I think German and I don't know what all the nationalities but they was all different uh nationalities. Interviewer: so what was a foreigner then? A foreigner thought it was a person who's from 791: from for another country. Interviewer: Okay. you wouldn't use that word to describe somebody from this country? 791: no. uh Interviewer: okay. Alright. Um now the mother of Jesus was 791: uh Mary Interviewer: okay. And George Washington's wife is named 791: Martha. Interviewer: Okay. a nickname for Helen beginning with "N" is who did the cow kick in his stomach in the barn? Remember the old song wait till sun shines? Uh N-E-L-O-Y you ever heard that? N-E-L-O-Y? N-E double L-Y. You never heard 791: I don't think. Interviewer: Nelloy? 791: Nelloy? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard that used for a nickname for Helen? 791: I don't I don't believe all I all I ever heard was Nelly or Helly. Interviewer: Okay. Now the nickname for little boy named William would be 791: Bill. Interviewer: Well you had a goat you'd call it a what goat a 791: billy goat. Interviewer: okay. Now the gospels were written by first of the four gospels. You had Mark Luke John and 791: {NW} Oh uh Interviewer: Let's see 791: {X} Interviewer: Matt is a short 791: Ma Matthew. Interviewer: Huh? 791: No let's see Interviewer: Yeah. Matt is a short name for 791: Matthew. Interviewer: Okay. Now a woman who has charge of a classroom is a 791: teacher. Interviewer: Okay. You call any old fashioned names ahead for {NW} 791: #1 No I don't # Interviewer: #2 the old # Going back to the old school to see my old schoolmarm or 791: #1 No I # Interviewer: #2 never heard of that? # 791: No. Interviewer: Now uh the baseball hall of fame is in okay maybe that do you generally watch baseball or keep up with it? 791: I never I never was #1 too much on baseball. # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah. # Awful. Uh then uh 791: I usually spend my time fishing or hunting. Interviewer: okay can you pronounce that name for me? 791: Now that's Cooper? Interviewer: Okay a woman by that name if you saw her going down the street you'd say good morning 791: good morning Miss Miss Cooper. Interviewer: Miss Cooper okay. Now a man you wouldn't trust to build anything but chicken coop you know you might say if he started on the house the the boards would always come out a level and something like that you'd call him a what {D: word} confidant? 791: Jack Black. Interviewer: jack black? Okay what what {NW} that word jack black what would you use it about uh would you use it about a preacher? Say a man who didn't have a regular pulpit and like called 791: no I uh I never heard of a preacher that didn't have a regular pulpit called a a jack black or uh he'd usually be called a stump preacher. Interviewer: Stump preacher? 791: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Somebody uh would you use that word about uh say he {X} you say oh he {X} was a what what what kind of governor would you say he was? Was he a good governor? 791: Far as I know he was one the best. Interviewer: That's well that's my opinion of him too but I I I've heard some folks say he wasn't a good governor 791: Well they you got a matter of opinion on any anything even the ones running for president of the united states now but uh Interviewer: He's an interesting man did do you remember do you know anything about him? You still remember? 791: Oh I remember the day it happened just was uh due yesterday. Interviewer: {NW} 791: Uh it happened in Interviewer: #1 36 or 37 # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: There's many a child stay in Louisiana it wouldn't have an education today that's my age or older or younger if it hadn't been for Huey P Long. A many a child. He's the man that uh made free textbooks to all students here. He's the man that passed it up until then why children was buying the textbooks and the parents didn't have the money to buy the school books with. {NS} But it was the money was too scarce there wasn't any. Interviewer: Now what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 791: Be your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. Now the wife of Abraham was okay a girl's name beginning with an S uh 791: beginning with S. Interviewer: Yeah. speaker#3: {X} Interviewer: S speaker#3: Susie 791: Susie? Interviewer: No uh okay Sally is the nickname for uh well there's this there's this famous cake it's made by you know a a kind of a coffee cake or something like that it's made by these people they freeze it and the name of the company is blank Lee. 791: #1 S # speaker#3: #2 {X} # 791: #1 I think I know what you're # Interviewer: #2 okay. # 791: referring to but I can't get it Interviewer: Sarah speaker#3: Sarah Lee 791: Sarah Lee Interviewer: Okay alright. Now if your father had a brother by the name of John you'd call him 791: had a son? Interviewer: your father had a brother by the name of John you'd call him 791: Uncle John. Interviewer: Okay and by the name of William you'd call him 791: Uncle William. William. Interviewer: Okay. Now you told me you were in the army uh you wouldn't if you if oh uh were you in the army? 791: Right. Interviewer: Okay. That's 791: I was. Interviewer: Okay. Now if old general Patton came up to you you wouldn't call him Mister Patton you'd say 791: General Patton or sir. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the old gentleman who introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken that was 791: Kernel. Sanders. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh What do they call a man in charge of a ship? 791: Captain. Interviewer: Captain? Okay. Did you ever hear that use title used in other situations or would would folks ever call use that uh as a general term of address or anything 791: {NW} No Not that I know of not that I remember. Interviewer: Somebody maybe walking down the street you might say morning captain something like that to them. 791: #1 Not unless it was captain # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 791: police or #1 something like that. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Did you ever hear a black man uh talk to a white man like that or say howdy captain something like that 791: Yeah I've heard I've heard them. Morning captain but Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now the man who presides over a county court how do you address him? 791: Judge. Interviewer: okay. And a person who goes to school to study is a 791: student. Interviewer: okay. Now somebody employed like Elizabeth Reye to look after uh a congressman or businessman's private secretary private business is his private 791: private secretary? Interviewer: yeah okay. {NW} Did you you heard about that business in Washington? 791: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 791: Ain't that something? Interviewer: I got a sister who works up there but she doesn't work she works for a university she doesn't work down there she notified me of that Now uh folks a man who appears in a stage would be an actor a woman would be called a 791: actress. Interviewer: Okay. Um now your nationality anybody born in the United States is called a speaker#3: American. 791: American. Interviewer: American? Okay. uh Now uh did talking about names for uh they used to have special facilities up until a couple of years ago Special facilities you know even ride the bus and things like #1 that for # 791: #2 right # Interviewer: for who for the 791: colored people. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 791: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Alright now did did folks have different names for that? For them? You know they used to call what speaker#3: Niggers. Interviewer: {X} #1 go ahead # 791: #2 yeah # Yeah they Interviewer: okay. Okay um any any you know slang names slang terms that you can remember like you know in Georgia they used to call them gator bait. You know they drag them through the swamps the uh that sort of thing. old gator bait uh any other 791: I never I never was around uh too many of them uh when I was a boy growing up they was the nigger settlement not too off far 6 or 8 miles but Interviewer: Yeah 791: I we never did work any of them and uh I never was around any of them I worked uh with one for 11 years Interviewer: {NW} 791: whenever I would mow the fence and only one I worked with one for 11 years Interviewer: {NW} 791: and a lot of times why we would swap work I'd get him out here to help me if he needed to work or find something to fix why I'd help him and uh I've never had a second's trouble with him. speaker#3: {X} work him. 791: uh But I never was around too never did work with them but this one one particular one course out in the service why they was few but very few Interviewer: okay. 791: and I never was around enough of them to to harm another. Interviewer: Okay. Well would you would you use the word nigger usually uh or or would folks um uh you know around you use it a lot? 791: oh yes. That's Interviewer: {NW} 791: that's in other words that was the name then look back in those days was nigger Interviewer: Yeah But folks now like to be they like to be called speaker#3: black 791: black people or Interviewer: okay. 791: I don't think they want to be colored called colored people or that is the younger ones don't The old ones why it doesn't make them that way nigger Interviewer: Yeah. Um 791: {X} I've even got I've even got the in a predicament working with this one why something wasn't really done right and I said {X} with the other boy in fact I was with uh one two let's see two I worked with there was four of us and they was three of them that couldn't read or write. Interviewer: Yeah. 791: N Nary a one of them could read or write. And if they wasn't doing something that I thought was right I'd tell them before I'd even think to myself let's don't nigger it up now. #1 Let's do it right. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 791: It ain't worth doing right it ain't worth doing at all. And I'd say before I'd even think about saying don't nigger it up. Interviewer: {NW} okay. Ever get mad at you? 791: No he never get mad at it. Interviewer: okay. 791: He he was one of them speaker#3: might laugh. 791: He'd laugh. That he doesn't he don't like the way the other ones are doing {X} He'd ride all the time with us says it's ruining the world Mr. Lee he'd tell you and me. {NS} Interviewer: uh now uh but you and I we're we're called #1 what? # 791: #2 white. # Interviewer: white okay. Now any any names we we talked about peckerwood any other names that that folks had for people or when they were you know 791: uh when it's over uh Interviewer: #1 yeah derogatory names # 791: #2 {D: probably not?} parlor games or # Interviewer: folks had for for white folks. 791: Oh they might say he's overbearing or Interviewer: well no just a you know to any words that black folks would use towards white people or or white people would use towards other white people? 791: no no no not that I know of. Interviewer: You old peckerwood or what about somebody who live back in the woods somewhere and never never came into town when he ever came into town he was always conspicuous you know he was just a oh he's just an old 791: hermit or Interviewer: hermit {NW} speaker#3: tramp. {NW} 791: tramp. If he didn't dress. Decent or neat Interviewer: Yeah 791: you couldn't always go by that if what a man has like years ago why you couldn't go by how a man dress Interviewer: yeah. speaker#3: #1 {X} # 791: #2 I was # I was working for a fellow that's still in business in Leesville Interviewer: {NW} 791: And there was an old fellow walked up there and had on a pair of overalls and a blue denim shirt and like we was talking about yesterday had on a pair of blue overalls and a blue denim shirt and a jumper Interviewer: Yeah. 791: and he asked about the price for a butane tank and a stove and refrigerator and I don't know what all uh in the line of equipment or uh appliances and just because he had on them blue overalls and a blue jumper and blue denim shirt why they didn't figure he had the money to buy a nickel can of snuff and Interviewer: {NW} they more or less smarted him off and he said well if y'all worried about the money and he just pulled out this big old {D: uncertain of words used} shovel 791: Tell them about how fellows dressed as to what he Got or what he was Interviewer: Okay well you know any names that uh any other names that that folks had for a guy who just lived out in the country what about people who were who uh were you know lazy or folks that just they were what they people who 791: Trifling or No count or No good Interviewer: Okay um did you ever hear what uh what would it mean if if you said uh well any other words that folks used for people uh like in Georgia we call people you know a person he's an old cracker or something like that did you ever hear that used Aux: A knot head 791: Heard them called a knot head or a Somebody didn't think quick or right or Interviewer: Okay uh you a person like that you'd just say they were um a person what about a person who just lived back lived didn't keep themselves up didn't keep the house looking nice didn't give their kids any education or a chance at education or you know let the farm get get run down all the time what do you call you know um a man like that like he's just a what did you have any names for folks like that they just 791: Don't care or Interviewer: Okay alright okay uh would you if you said she's just a if you were saying about a girl she's a common girl what would you mean 791: Well she would wouldn't dress fancy or put on a bunch of makeup or In other words she's just plain Interviewer: Okay but you said a person might well she's just a she's a very common girl what would that mean 791: Well it would mean that she didn't Go in for no fancy Talk or Society just plain common Interviewer: Okay would it uh would would you mean it as a compliment about the you know just she's just they're just common people #1 they're just {X} # 791: #2 They're just right # they're just plain people they're just but they're good folks Interviewer: #1 Ordinary # 791: #2 Yeah # Yeah ordinary Interviewer: Ordinary people 791: Ordinary people yes Don't go in for nothing fancy or Interviewer: Alright now somebody who lives out in the country we were talking about he lives right on you know he just lives out in the where the 791: Out in the sticks Interviewer: Sticks okay he's a he's just a what did you ever hear the word Hoosier or Hoosier 791: Yeah country Hoosier Interviewer: Country Hoosier 791: Yes Interviewer: Okay 791: One lived way back outside in the woods where it was a long ways from any road or {NW} Town or highway or anything they'd say well that He lives so far back there they'll have to pump daylight to him every morning Interviewer: {NW} 791: Or he he lives so far out in the country I'll tell you He uses bob cats for house cats Interviewer: {NW} 791: And so old sayings like that Interviewer: Uh now at a party you look at your watch and it's around eleven thirty or so you might say we better be getting home it's 791: Getting late Interviewer: It's what to midnight it's blank midnight it's 791: Eleven thirty Interviewer: Okay would you say it's almost midnight or it's Aux: Thirty minutes Interviewer: Well night or nearly or 791: It's it's nearly midnight Interviewer: Nearly midnight okay 791: Or almost midnight Interviewer: Now you slip and catch yourself you say ooh this is a dangerous place I 791: Almost slipped or almost fell Interviewer: Okay say I'd like to fallen 791: I'd like to fallen Interviewer: Okay somebody's waiting for you to get ready so that you can go out with him and he calls to you hey will you be ready soon you might say I'll be with you 791: In a second or in a minute Interviewer: Just what I'll be with you 791: Just a second Interviewer: Okay just a minute 791: Just a minute Interviewer: Now you know you're on the right road but you aren't sure of the distance you ask somebody how 791: How far is it Interviewer: Okay uh you want to know how many times somebody did something you might ask them how 791: How often Interviewer: #1 Do you do that okay # 791: #2 Did you do that # Interviewer: Now you're sitting with a friend and you're listening to a political speech or something like that and he says well I'm not going to vote for that guy and if you wanted to agree with him you might say what 791: I'll go along with you Interviewer: Uh me or what me he says I'm not going to vote for that guy you might say well me 791: Me either Interviewer: Me either or or uh uh blank am I what 791: Neither am I Interviewer: Neither am I okay now few parts of the body this is your 791: Forehead Interviewer: Okay and this is your 791: Hair Interviewer: Yeah somebody's got a 791: Beard Interviewer: Beard okay which ear is it this is my 791: Left ear Interviewer: Okay you might say an old town store keeper would keep his uh keep his pen 791: Over his right ear Interviewer: Okay where in his 791: In the back Interviewer: In the back of his ear okay uh somebody's mumbling you might say take that chewing gum out of your 791: Mouth Interviewer: Okay uh he got a chicken bone stuck in his 791: Goozle Interviewer: Goozle 791: Neck Interviewer: Okay what what what's your goozle 791: That's Your windpipe I presume Interviewer: Okay that's uh okay your windpipe is that your Adam's apple 791: Adam's apple Interviewer: Okay um alright you call that your what your 791: Neck or throat Interviewer: Throat okay and you might be going to the dentist to have him look at your 791: Teeth Interviewer: Okay you'd say he needs to fill that 791: Cavity Interviewer: Maybe get a cavity or a 791: Front tooth Interviewer: Okay the flesh around the teeth is yours 791: Gums Interviewer: Okay this is your the 791: Palm Interviewer: Of your 791: Hand Interviewer: {X} You have two 791: Two hands Interviewer: Double them up you make two 791: Two fist Interviewer: And you got one 791: One fist Interviewer: Okay any place you can bend your finger or your hand you call 791: Joint Interviewer: Okay what um what's that disease of the joints that folks 791: Arthritis Interviewer: Or 791: Rheumatism Interviewer: Okay 791: Yeah we have two neighbors here uh one of them's dead now the other one's living {NW} Uh {B} He was a old timer And uh Well the other neighbor's name is {B} Interviewer: Uh-huh 791: Lives right across the road right now Interviewer: Yeah 791: {B} And you'd meet Mister {B} After if he hadn't been dead bef- a couple of years You'd meet him and say well how are you this morning Mister Ed {NW} When he had this arthritis or rheumatism in his joints {NW} He said oh I've been doing fine lately said the only thing wrong with me said I got that old {B} In every joint {NW} He didn't say arthritis he'd say that old arthr- {B} Every joint {NW} These were big Big {D: leg} Mister {B} Interviewer: Now the upper part of the man's body is his 791: Chest Interviewer: Okay say he's got broad 791: Shoulders Interviewer: Shoulders okay the pain ran all went through his 791: Toe Interviewer: Oh went through his le- went through his you got two 791: F-feet Interviewer: One you've got one 791: Toe Interviewer: Held up with what 791: Foot Interviewer: Okay now you say I've stumbled in the dark and then uh 791: Skinned my shin Interviewer: Skinned my shin okay when when you're doing this you say you're doing what you're 791: Squatting Interviewer: Squatting down squatting down on your what you call the back part of your leg right here between your buttocks and your knee you call it what 791: Uh Aux: {X} Interviewer: Huh 791: Oh your Thigh or Interviewer: Honkers 791: Honker Interviewer: Uh honkers okay you might say you're doing what you're 791: Squatting Interviewer: Squatting down you ever hear the term hunker down 791: Hunker down Interviewer: Hunker down 791: Yes Interviewer: What what you do that he he wanted to scare somebody he'd get over behind a 791: Tree and hunker down Interviewer: Hunker down #1 {NW} # 791: #2 {NW} # What are you wanting me to say {NW} Interviewer: Okay well I {NS} Uh he was he had been sick but he's up now but he still looks a bit 791: Peaked Interviewer: Peaked that's the word 791: Peaked or a little under the weather Interviewer: I see did uh mister uh {B} Have any other names for it you say oh he looks a little 791: Puny Interviewer: Puny okay that's good that's great um yeah puny would mean he looks like you know 791: Weak or still a little under the weather not up to par another Interviewer: Not up to par okay but a fellow you know you saw uh who uh you know he was big and strong you'd say he was what kind of guy he's just a 791: Big old Well Abled body Interviewer: Abled body okay uh would you ever uh you say maybe he's a what kind of he's a really he's big and he's very 791: Strong Interviewer: Strong robust would you 791: Robust Interviewer: Robust 791: Right Interviewer: Okay do you ever use the word stout speaking of 791: Yeah Interviewer: Stout 791: Stout Well built Interviewer: Okay now that word stout would you use it when you're speaking about butter that was you know getting the butter was getting a little bit Aux: Strong 791: #1 Strong or # Interviewer: #2 Stout # 791: Stale Interviewer: I see 791: A rank Interviewer: Rank 791: I don't believe you'd use stout Interviewer: You wouldn't 791: I don't believe Interviewer: Alright that's good what other words would you have to describe people who were say people who were just had very good disposition he always had a smile on his face never lost his temper you'd say he was a mighty 791: Good natured or Interviewer: Good good natured type person 791: Easy going Type of person Interviewer: Alright now a kid when he gets up in his teens he's always wandering around the house knocking things he's all arms or legs you say a person like that is just 791: He's offering his arms {NW} Clumsy Interviewer: He is so clumsy okay yeah that's the type of person he is now a person who kept doing things that didn't make any sense like they uh they took their clothes off and laid head in the road or something like that you'd say they were a he's a plain old Aux: Crazy 791: Crazy or a nut Interviewer: Yeah yeah I can understand he's just a what he's a plain old would you ever say fool 791: Yep Interviewer: You'd say 791: Just a plain fool or Interviewer: Okay what would that word mean when you're talking about somebody who's 791: Didn't didn't have didn't have all of his marbles Interviewer: {NW} Uh-huh alright um any inhibitions about that word uh or other things you might call somebody 791: Well some people might say he's Completely ignorant or Insane or Interviewer: Okay alright now a person who will never spend a cent never spends a cent he's a 791: Tight wad Interviewer: Tight wad okay uh what about a person who has got a lot of money but he just he always hangs onto it or never never he's got a lot of money you know he's just a 791: Well some people might refer to him as an old money miser Interviewer: Money miser okay now a man who who likes to get money out of other people he's a 791: Finagler Interviewer: Finagler {NW} Okay Aux: Chiseler Interviewer: Chiseler you ever heard that you ever use that 791: Right Interviewer: Okay 791: Schemer Interviewer: Now you might say oh uh old Mister Jones down the road old Farmer Jones he's over eighty but I still see him out there in spring plowing his mule he's right he's a right what kind of a person 791: Right spry Interviewer: Spry individual okay 791: Spry Interviewer: Any other words you might use for it or a spry person is a is a what 791: Able bodied Interviewer: He's able bodied 791: Good good health or Interviewer: Would you say that at young people or just old people 791: No you you say it with anyone who can get up and #1 Work # Aux: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay so you'd say he's a spry young kid or 791: Right Interviewer: Alright uh would you say he's what right spry though uh 791: He's right spry or full of vinegar as the old saying goes why you might say it uh For an older person or a younger person they're each full of vinegar Interviewer: What would you use the word feisty about somebody he's a feisty 791: Yeah feisty you'd say you could call one that couldn't be still always wanting to do something why you could use the word feisty Interviewer: Okay alright 791: Heard it used Interviewer: The children are out a little er later than usual you might I don't suppose there's anything wrong but I can't help feeling a bit 791: Worried Interviewer: Uh 'un- 791: Uneasy Interviewer: Uneasy okay uh I don't want to go upstairs in the dark I'm 791: Afraid Interviewer: Afraid okay now you say she isn't afraid now but she she isn't afraid now but she 791: Used to be Interviewer: She used to be okay and somebody goes I can't understand uh why she's afraid she I can't understand why she's afraid she you might say she what 791: Has no #1 Reason to be # Interviewer: #2 Well The opposite of used to be is # 791: Is or Interviewer: Uh-huh 791: was afraid Interviewer: Okay you might say I can't understand why she's afraid she what she 791: Used Used to not be Interviewer: Used to not be afraid okay now if somebody lays a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked you might say he's mighty 791: Careless Interviewer: Okay there's nothing wrong with old Aunt Lizzy she's a good old girl she's just a little bit what she's just kind of a you said the word contrary meant what 791: Little contrary or Interviewer: Contrary okay contrary person is a what what how would you describe a person like that 791: Well one that uh didn't want to go along or was Aux: Bright 791: Wasn't too bright or just actually {NW} Wanted to be different or have their way only and not Uh go along with anyone else's idea or opinion Interviewer: Okay somebody uh different in a way you might not be able to understand or figure out you'd say they were just a little bit 791: Contrary Interviewer: Okay it's kind of would you ever use the word queer about a person like that 791: Right Interviewer: Okay you might say she's a queer person or 791: Queer person Interviewer: Okay now uh does that word have a uh a different meaning or has it changed its meaning for you in different in years uh would you say what would it mean if you said uh he's a queer at that time 791: Well it'd it'd have a different meaning now #1 this day and time # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay alright so well tell me describe the meaning of that word 791: Well usually why it's uh sex People #1 Refer # Interviewer: #2 Okay # It meant these days it means a homosexual 791: Right right Interviewer: Alright now uh a man who's very sure of his ways and never wants to change you'd call him what you'd say he's a what kind of person 791: Stubborn Interviewer: Stubborn hard headed 791: Hard headed Bull headed Interviewer: Okay and then if you couldn't joke with him real easy without even losing his temper 791: you if you could Interviewer: You could not 791: Oh could not Interviewer: He's awful 791: Hot headed or Interviewer: Hot headed 791: #1 Ill ill-tempered or # Interviewer: #2 he's mighty # Okay he's a mighty what kind of person he's a he's awfully 791: Disagreeable or Interviewer: Okay touchy or 791: Touches Interviewer: Touches 791: Right Touchy Interviewer: Okay short patience or fretful um I was just kidding I didn't know he'd get so 791: Angry or mad Interviewer: Okay if somebody's about to lose his temper you might say you tell him just just 791: Just a minute Interviewer: Okay just now just 791: Hold hold on Interviewer: What 791: Keep quiet Interviewer: Keep calm what 791: Keep calm Interviewer: Keep calm okay when would you use that when would you use that like you might say just keep calm and we'll 791: Iron this thing out or Interviewer: Alright okay 791: Have a better understanding Interviewer: Now you've been working hard you come home and you say oh I'm just 791: Exhausted Interviewer: Exhausted okay I'm anywhere you know 791: Wore out Interviewer: Wore out okay honey I've been plowing all day I am 791: Give out Interviewer: Give out okay completely pooped 791: You're right Interviewer: Pooped okay now if a person has gotten well I mean a person has been well then all of a sudden you heard the other night uh well you say well I saw her the other day she looked fine last night she must have {D: in her stead the} She looked fine the other say uh but I hear she 791: Passed away last night Interviewer: Well 791: Or just Interviewer: She what did she Aux: Died? {NW} 791: Taken sick or taken ill Interviewer: Okay you say she last night she 791: Came down Sick Aux: {X} Interviewer: Okay took sick she said took sick okay Aux: Relapsed {NW} Interviewer: Now if a person got overheated and chilled uh and his eyes and nose started running you'd say he 791: Taken a cold Interviewer: Okay taken a cold uh If it affected his voice 791: Then then he's got uh Laryngitis Interviewer: Okay he's what he's 791: Hoarse Interviewer: Alright {NW} He might give you a 791: Cough Interviewer: Okay oh look how bad I'm feeling 791: Yawn Interviewer: I'm feeling a little 791: Sleepy Interviewer: Sleepy okay I'll go to bed now at about six o clock I'll about six o clock I'll 791: Go to sleep Interviewer: What I'll I'll go to sleep then by six o clock I'll 791: Wake up Interviewer: Wake up okay you might say uh we got to go to that party though man's still sleeping better go 791: Wake him up Interviewer: Wake him up okay if a patient is still by the patient uh the medicine is still by the patient's bed side you might say come in and say why haven't you 791: Taken your medicine Interviewer: Okay and he says well yesterday I 791: I took it Interviewer: And tomorrow I'll 791: Take it again Interviewer: Take some more now somebody who can't hear you say he's 791: Deaf or hard of hearing Interviewer: Alright 791: He can't hear at all he's deaf Interviewer: Uh you've been working hard you take your wet shirt off and say look how I've 791: Sweated Aux: {X} 791: {X} Interviewer: Okay uh look how much I have 791: Sweated Interviewer: Okay we were talking about the rising the other the rising what is it you the stuff you gather the rising you know that opens up 791: Corruption or well a lot of people call it pus it's a drainage Caused from infection Interviewer: I see and your your hand uh you might say if you got a bad infection your hand my hand 791: Swollen or infected Interviewer: Okay your hand say what my hand 791: Throbs or it Aux: {NW} Interviewer: It swole what 791: Swells Interviewer: Swells up okay and uh the water in if you get some in a blister you call that the what the stuff that 791: Water Interviewer: Man I got one on my foot I went out running last night without any shoes on I got a couple on my feet that you know I could hardly walk on them last night Aux: Put a band-aid on it Interviewer: Huh Aux: Said put a band-aid #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I got tape all over my feet if uh you know we were a bullet goes through your arm you say you have a # 791: Bullet wound Interviewer: Wound okay uh what do you call a kind of skin that's rough that will grow in the in the flesh 791: Proud flesh Interviewer: how's that {X} Aux: My 791: Hmm Interviewer: Yeah 791: Proud flesh Interviewer: I see you had to burn that out 791: Proud flesh Interviewer: Yeah 791: Burned out the {X} Aux: Having to burn it Interviewer: Any other uh what other sort of things did y'all have to worry about when you were young around here any other sort of diseases or 791: Well you had whooping whooping cough and diphtheria back in those Days before we started vaccinating against it I I lost a baby brother with it Diphtheria Interviewer: I'm sorry to hear that uh did you get that did you get malaria here Aux: Not over here 791: Not not that I remember You'd have uh Was it yellow fever back in them days What was it? They had #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What was that disease that made you turn yellow # Aux: Oh that that was hepatitis they don't got it 791: Yeah was it was it yellow jaundice Aux: #1 Yellow jaundice that's the same as hepatitis # 791: #2 {X} # Same as hepatitis now we call it hepatitis Interviewer: Is that a fancy name 791: Fancy name Interviewer: What about that you know you get a pain 791: On the sides Interviewer: Yeah did did folks have another name for it before they knew what it was 791: Appendicitis is all ever since I was a child growing up Aux: Yeah Interviewer: Some people used to die from it so 791: Yeah Interviewer: Before they knew what it was and I'd call it cramp {X} or something 791: Right Aux: Yeah Lot of the children died {X} Interviewer: Now something you get for malaria was Aux: Quinine 791: Quinine Interviewer: Quinine 791: You get quinine to control it Aux: {X} Interviewer: Okay and if you got a little cut on you might do what you might put some a brown liquid on there 791: Iodine Interviewer: Okay Aux: {X} Interviewer: Alright uh now uh if a man was shot and he didn't recover you'd say he he what he 791: He died passed away Interviewer: Passed away or died um now if you want a humorous way of saying that you might say well I'm glad that old skin bent skin bent finally finally uh some way of saying 791: Played played out or passed on Interviewer: Passed on okay played out kicked the 791: Kicked the bucket Interviewer: He's been dead but nobody's yet figured out what the 791: What he died with or Interviewer: Okay now the place they laid him away in the 791: Morgue Aux: Grave 791: And grave Interviewer: Okay call that the what 791: Cemetery Interviewer: Cemetery okay any different types or different names you have for something like that 791: Graveyard or cemetery Interviewer: Okay alright um well you uh what's an example of {X} Or a private one or something like that 791: Well they used to they did have private cemeteries on on The home side or the {NW} Home place Interviewer: Uh-huh 791: But no more Interviewer: Okay around the church or or uh 791: Or a private owned certainly #1 Someone that's built a cemetery # Aux: #2 {X} # 791: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # 791: Or Around a church Interviewer: Do you say uh he's an important man everybody turned out for his 791: Funeral Interviewer: Okay now people dressed in black you say they're 791: Mourners Interviewer: Mourners they're in they're 791: Sympathy Interviewer: They're in in mourning woman's in a she lost control over stuff you might say she was you'd say they were 791: Hysterical or Interviewer: Taking them on to get 791: Taken on Interviewer: Okay if somebody saw you on the street on a day when you were just feeling about average and they asked you uh they might ask you how are you feeling you'd say oh 791: Fine Interviewer: Okay Aux: {X} {NW} Interviewer: I'm doing 791: Doing good Interviewer: Good I'm doing good 791: Doing alright Interviewer: Well you know you just feel about average that day you might say oh 791: Think I'll make it Interviewer: Okay I'm doing uh I'm doing pretty tolerable 791: Pretty tolerable or Interviewer: Okay 791: Pretty lively Interviewer: Okay now somebody's troubled you might say oh it'll come out alright just don't 791: Don't worry Interviewer: Okay 791: Come out in the wash Interviewer: Alright somebody ate something that didn't agree with them they #1 They'd # 791: #2 vomit # {X} Interviewer: Vomit it up any other words uh Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Say he {NW} What he he really drank too much liquor he had to go out back and 791: Puke it out Interviewer: Puke it up okay any other words uh that you'd use maybe you know for eating something that {X} You couldn't stomach or something like that or uh maybe ate a hot pepper that got to you 791: I didn't vomit through that Interviewer: #1 Okay had to had to go with # 791: #2 Throw up # Interviewer: Throw up which is the which was the you know the more polite word 791: Vomited or throw up Interviewer: Okay you wouldn't use puke 791: No Interviewer: Somebody who did that you say they were sick 791: Sick to stomach Interviewer: Okay now if you invite somebody to come over and see you this evening uh and you want to tell them that you'd be disappointed if they didn't come you might say now now 791: I'm going to look for you and you better not let me down or Interviewer: Okay if you don't come I 791: Be angry or Interviewer: I I well would you say I shall be disappointed or 791: Yeah I Interviewer: I will be 791: I will be disappointed Interviewer: I will be disappointed if you don't come and any time you can come over we'll be 791: We'd be at home or be there Interviewer: We'll be what to see you we will be 791: Waiting To see you Interviewer: Okay and speaking of of you know that uh you would enjoy seeing them you you say we will be 791: #1 Glad to have you # Interviewer: #2 Glad to see you anytime you want to come by would you ever use the word uh proud # 791: Oh yeah I I believe most people would say well I'm proud to get to see you again or glad to get to see you again Interviewer: Okay alright um now if a if a boy is spending a lot of time over at a girl's house you'd say he's doing what with her he's 791: Courting her Interviewer: Courting her okay any old time terms that folks used to use 791: Yeah sparking Interviewer: Okay you he was sparking her uh he's mighty what he's mighty 791: Mighty proud fond of her or Interviewer: Okay now he uh she called him her 791: Sweetheart Interviewer: Sweetheart any other names or funny names oh he's my oh he's my 791: Honey pie Interviewer: Honey pie okay 791: Sugar lump Interviewer: Sugar lump 791: {NW} Aux: {NW} Interviewer: My fellow 791: Yeah or something Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Okay and he would call her his 791: Honey Interviewer: {NW} Okay Aux: Girlfriend Interviewer: Now a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother says you've been 791: Smooching Interviewer: You've been smooching okay you've been out smooching {X} If a girl didn't want to marry a boy you say she did what she 791: Broke broke the engagement Interviewer: #1 Okay # Aux: #2 {X} # 791: Turned him down Interviewer: Turned him down oh he hadn't he hadn't been the same since old uh Mary down the block she 791: Refused to marry him Interviewer: Alright she what she 791: #1 Broke up with him # Interviewer: #2 Broke up with him # okay jilted him {NW} But uh they went ahead getting they got what did it finally they got a 791: Got married Interviewer: Okay any any funny ways of saying that or 791: Hooked up Interviewer: #1 Hooked up # Aux: #2 hitched # 791: Hitched Interviewer: Okay 791: Tied together Interviewer: Uh-huh at a wedding the man who stands with the groom is the 791: Uh Best man Interviewer: Okay and uh other names or old fashioned names for that 791: Not that I Interviewer: Okay and the the girl who stands with the bride is the 791: Bridesmaid Interviewer: Okay now did you remember that uh that thing you know maybe uh I don't know whether they did it with y'all or not but uh they they used to gather around a house maybe after a bride and groom were married and they they had the house of the wed couple and they'd shoot off their guns and that sort of thing Aux: Shivaree 791: Yeah shivaree Interviewer: I see can you tell me about that what happened 791: Well they usually well they'd uh {NW} Take a bunch of old tin cans or something and tie them on a string and tie them to the car Uh Shoot guns or firecrackers Shoot maybe ride the man on the pole {NW} And then run them out of town or run them down the road trying to catch them and of course they had to leave the country Interviewer: I see 791: Maybe have just married wrote on the back of the car Interviewer: Would uh was it uh what sort of ceremony was it sometimes to maybe express displeasure for not being invited to the wedding 791: No not necessarily it was just uh More or less Uh wishing them well Interviewer: I see now did they ever have one where would they have this uh at the at the 791: Justice of the peace or a preacher's House or over at the church Aux: {X} Interviewer: Did the church 791: Mostly at the church {NW} A lot of them married at the justice of the peace in other words he can marry just #1 same as ordain # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} They'll be best friends {NW} Interviewer: Would uh Mister Foster would they ever have one that they did around uh you know around the the the house of the bride and groom Aux: Oh yeah Interviewer: And what'd they call that was that 791: Wait I don't know if I follow you or not Interviewer: Well did they ever like would they ever gather around the house late at night say and shoot off their guns and everything and make a big {X} Big noise 791: Yeah when when if they found out about it. No a lot of them would marry secretly and be {NW} Be married or be gone before before the neighborhood find out that they were married Interviewer: Right right then they when they get back and start taking {X} House they'd have a what for them 791: A house warming or Interviewer: Okay a shivaree or 791: Shivaree Shower bring gifts {NW} Interviewer: Alright and uh did they ever have a custom where they had to bring all the people into the field uh at the shivaree after they you know after the wedding in the house 791: Not that I remember back in the old days now they do it in churches Aux: {X} 791: Further back Aux: Would be {X} Interviewer: Okay now your nearest neighbor here is he lives uh where 791: On the corner down here {B} or Jerry his son Interviewer: If somebody is this the last 791: Um this is the last house Interviewer: #1 Last house in this row? # 791: #2 right # Interviewer: I see uh how would you say folks living around here compared to you you might say do you have any neighbors over 791: I don't have anyone north of me Interviewer: I see so you say something like they just live down the road there 791: Down the road Interviewer: Okay now you might say there was trouble at the party and the police came and arrested 791: The whole drove Interviewer: The whole drove 791: Or the whole bu- {NS} Interviewer: Okay uh any other names you might use besides group or something like that 791: Crowd Interviewer: Crowd okay we were talking about a dance and that sort of thing uh you'd have dances you know out in the did you have any other names for dances uh {D: for saying} Aux: Jigs 791: Shindig Interviewer: Shindigs okay 791: Party or Jump Joseph Interviewer: Jump Joseph how did that word shindig ever come around 791: Well I think it was probably the way uh the name shindig came around was {NW} They usually had the shinny and then they Most of them would get kicked on the shins Interviewer: {NW} 791: {NW} I think that was it {NW} I think that was where it arrived from Interviewer: Okay 791: {NW} Interviewer: Well four o clock is the time when school 791: Lets out Interviewer: Okay and after vacation they say what time does school 791: Begin Interviewer: Begin again okay if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show he 791: Played hooky Interviewer: Played hooky okay uh what about college or if somebody didn't show up to college did they have a word for that would that just be 791: I ima- I imagine it'd be skip class or whatever you Interviewer: Now people go you go to school to get a 791: Education Interviewer: Okay and after high school you might go on to 791: College to get your degree Interviewer: Okay after kindergarten you go into the 791: Elementary Interviewer: Elementary you might call that the what the Aux: First 791: First grade beginner Interviewer: Okay did folks have an older word for that might call it 791: Grade school or grammar Interviewer: Primary 791: Primary Interviewer: Okay you might uh now the children all sit in 791: Class Aux: Desks Interviewer: In what in the room 791: Seat at your desk Interviewer: Okay each one how many you might have thirty thirty in a room of thirty 791: Desk Interviewer: Okay now a place where you check out a book in town is called a 791: Library Interviewer: And you'd mail a package at the 791: Post office Interviewer: Okay and you might stay overnight in a strange town in a 791: Motel or hotel Interviewer: Okay you see a play at the or a movie you'd see that at a 791: Theater Interviewer: Theater did you have an older name for it the let's go to the honey I'm I'm getting tired of sitting around here listening to the radio tonight let's go to the 791: Show Interviewer: Okay let's go to the show you have an operation in a 791: Hospital Interviewer: And who would look after you there 791: Nurses Doctors Interviewer: Okay alright you'd be looked after by you'd be taken care of by 791: Doctor Interviewer: And a 791: Nurse Interviewer: Okay you catch a train at the 791: Depot Train depot Interviewer: Okay you might call that the the rail 791: Rail road station Interviewer: Alright now can you remember when you were young say in Hawthorne was there a courthouse there 791: No no no courthouse here at Hawthorne Interviewer: I see you'd have to go into 791: #1 Leesville # Interviewer: #2 Lee- # Okay do you remember maybe a spot around the courthouse or uh yeah spot around the courthouse maybe it was green and grassy and folks would sit around out there talk you might call that the what 791: Most of them they usually had a bench and they called it the whittling bench Usually a bunch of old men sat around with whittles that didn't have anything else to do dip snuff and whittle Interviewer: Did uh did they call any other name the place 791: Hookworm bench they call it the hookworm bench Interviewer: Okay any any kind of a green place around town you know with trees where they'd 791: Park Interviewer: The park okay 791: Lawn Courthouse lawn a lot of people might call it Interviewer: Now these kind of vehicles would run on a wire overhead electric wire maybe they ran on #1 {X} # 791: #2 Street car # Interviewer: Street car 791: Street car Interviewer: Okay Aux: {X} 791: Never had them in Leesville Shreveport They had them in Shreveport Interviewer: Now you tell the bus driver the next corner is where I want to 791: To get off Interviewer: That's where I want {X} Okay if you were a FBI agent you're working for the 791: Federal government Interviewer: Okay now the police in a town are supposed to maintain 791: The law And order Interviewer: Okay you remember that fight uh in eighteen sixty-one through eighteen sixty-five that freed the slaves uh call that the Aux: War between the states 791: Uh war between the states Interviewer: Okay any other names 791: Civil war Interviewer: Now before they had the electric chair murderers were 791: Hanged Interviewer: I see you say uh a man got a rope he went out and he got a rope he went out and 791: Hung hisself Interviewer: Hung his self do you remember when that happened back in those days or do you ever remember that happening here 791: Yeah I remember whenever there was someone hanged mostly at the courthouse here in Leesville Interviewer: Really Aux: #1 Yes # 791: #2 yeah # Interviewer: Did you ever see it 791: I didn't see it Interviewer: Man I that would be an awful sight you know I to just to even think 791: Well he robbed he robbed a man in a in a two horse wagon Right on the top hill here just out of Leesville what they call now there Port Hill and got fifty cent off of the man And killed him shot him {NW} Shot him with a twenty-two Aux: Another man killed him {X} Interviewer: Famous TV show it was on TV the other night some fellow did an interview with her before she died that was back during during the uh civil rights 791: And what what was the name of Interviewer: {X} It was on TV the other night they showed people being hung and all sorts of terrible things that went on around here at the turn of the century uh now names of places and things like that I want that I've got the biggest city in the country is in 791: You mean in United States? Interviewer: Yes 791: New York uh Interviewer: Okay that state is called 791: Washington New York Interviewer: No it's called New York 791: State Interviewer: Uh-huh okay now Baltimore is int 791: Maryland Interviewer: Alright and Richmond is the capital of 791: Virginia Interviewer: Okay uh Raleigh is the capital of 791: North Carolina or South Carolina Interviewer: #1 Uh North Carolina # 791: #2 I'm confused # North Carolina Interviewer: Okay any other states in the south uh that you you know have been to or remember uh let's see uh um the state I'm from 791: At-Atlanta Interviewer: I'm from Atlanta 791: Georgia Interviewer: Okay now that big body of water down there that old New Orleans is floating in you call that 791: Lake Pontchartrain Interviewer: Well yeah and below that is the 791: Gulf Or Interviewer: The what the gulf of the 791: Gulf of Mexico Interviewer: Okay Tallahassee is the capital of 791: Florida Interviewer: And George {B} Is the governor of 791: Alabama Interviewer: Okay 791: {NW} Interviewer: Now then you got uh Louisiana you got uh the capital of Louisiana is 791: Baton Rouge Interviewer: Okay and the blue grass state is 791: Kentucky Interviewer: Okay you know where they run the derby up there that town 791: Uh Yeah I don't know if I can call that Interviewer: {X} Aux: The the um Kentucky derby 791: No it's Interviewer: Kentucky had its old blank Kentucky l- 791: Louisville Interviewer: Louisville 791: Louisville Interviewer: Okay now the volunteer state that's the one right up the gulf here 791: Arkansas Interviewer: Well you got Arkansas but then oh uh I'm sorry to the it's a little to the 791: Mississippi Interviewer: Okay you got Mississippi and then up above that is 791: Tennessee Interviewer: Okay uh now the lone star state is 791: Texas Interviewer: And Tulsa is in 791: Oklahoma Interviewer: Alright Boston is in what state 791: {X} uh Boston, Massachusetts yeah Interviewer: Alright 791: #1 About to be confused # Interviewer: #2 The states from Maine to Connecticut those states are called what the # 791: Uh Interviewer: You know those states up on there on the coast you call them the new 791: New Hampshire Interviewer: New 791: New England Interviewer: New England states 791: Right Interviewer: Okay 791: Been too long since I studied all that I can give you the capitals of all the states {NW} Interviewer: Alright uh the biggest city in Missouri is 791: Kansas City Interviewer: No 791: No wait a minute Interviewer: Oh that old blues song named after it Missouri uh 791: Saint Louis Interviewer: Okay alright and the capital of the United States is 791: Washington D.C. Interviewer: Alright uh the biggest city in Maryland we said was 791: Delaware No Balt- Interviewer: Balt- 791: Baltimore Baltimore Interviewer: Alright now there's an old historical sea port in South Carolina named you ever heard of charl- uh 791: Charleston Interviewer: Okay and that big steel making city in Alabama up in north Alabama 791: Birmingham Interviewer: Okay the city where old Al Capone used to run the rackets up there they call it the windy city up on Lake Michigan Illinois uh 791: Chicago Interviewer: Okay the capital of Alabama is 791: Uh Interviewer: What Aux: Montgomery 791: Montgomery Interviewer: Okay Montgomery and uh the city by the gulf down there is m- uh old Hank Aaron is from it's where the USS Alabama is parked down there right on the gulf mo- Aux: Mobile, Alabama. 791: Mobile Interviewer: Okay alright now there's a resort sitting in western North Carolina uh you call that you ever heard of ashe- ville 791: Asheville Interviewer: Never #1 Never been there heard of it # 791: #2 No # I Never heard of it Interviewer: What about some cities in Tennessee you know of? 791: Nashville {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 791: Uh Nashville Interviewer: Then there's 791: Memphis Interviewer: Alright the choo choo from Aux: Chattanooga 791: Chattanooga Interviewer: Okay and uh over there in the uh eastern part of the state is old 791: Knoxville Interviewer: Knoxville okay alright any states in Georgia you know of besides Atlanta Aux: {X} Interviewer: Come on now you're 791: Atlanta Interviewer: I'd feel offended if you didn't know where the place Georgia {X} {NW} 791: I'm afraid I don't Interviewer: Okay well the one on the coast there is sav- 791: Savannah Interviewer: Savannah okay and then uh the middle city you got mac- Macon 791: Macon Interviewer: #1 Yeah you ever heard of that # 791: #2 Yeah I've heard of it # Interviewer: Okay and there's a Fort Benning is near what town Fort Benning is in Colum- uh 791: Col- Columbia Interviewer: #1 Columbus # Aux: #2 Georgia # 791: Columbus, Georgia Interviewer: Columbia and Columbus those cities are so alike 791: Yeah Interviewer: Now big city down here where they have Mardi Gras that's 791: New Orleans Interviewer: Okay two cities on the Ohio river one of them where the rednecks play baseball uh then they won the world series last year old Pete Rose and {X} {D: Sue} Aux: Cincinnati Interviewer: Yeah 791: Cincinnati Interviewer: Okay Cincinnati alright um that was about enough of that for a while if if somebody asks you to go with them somewhere and you're not sure you want to you might say well I'm not sure I don't know 791: Let me study about it Or I'll think about it Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Alright he says uh come on go with me down to the river here uh well uh sounds real boring you have a big long lecture down there you might say well I don't I don't know 791: I don't believe I want to go Interviewer: I don't know if I want to or #1 Would you say that # 791: #2 No right # Interviewer: Uh you might say uh if somebody asked you to do something you might say I don't know blank I can do that uh 791: I don't know if I can do that Interviewer: Alright now if you were asked to go somewhere without your wife you might say I won't go or you were some you want somebody to go with you somewhere you might say I won't go blank he goes Aux: Uh-huh 791: Unless he goes Interviewer: Okay when you you might say that you could help him you you you got to draw you know your your son went off playing in the woods while you were out weeding the cotton patch you might say now why did you go off in the woods blank you should have helped me 791: You you you should have stayed here and helped me Interviewer: Oh I see um okay she uh okay you says you went off playing blank helping me 791: Instead Interviewer: Instead of helping me okay now a man is funny and you like him you say 791: He's comical Interviewer: Okay I like him I like him 791: A lot or very much Interviewer: Alright and they ask you why do you like him well I like him 791: Because he's comical or easy to get along with Interviewer: Alright now if two people became members of a church you say he he just well I don't know him he just 791: Just joined Interviewer: The he recent- 791: Just became a member Interviewer: Okay he recently joined the 791: Church Interviewer: Okay in church we pray to 791: God Interviewer: Okay the preacher delivers a a fine 791: Message Or sermon Interviewer: Okay you might someone might say well I don't care anything about the sermon I go to hear the 791: Singing Interviewer: Okay uh the organist and the choir provide beautiful 791: Music Interviewer: Okay 791: Or singing Interviewer: Okay if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one Sunday morning you might say oh my goodness church will be over 791: Before we get The tire changed #1 And get # Interviewer: #2 okay # It'll be over by the time 791: We get there Interviewer: Okay now what did people sometimes tell children would happen to them if uh they didn't behave 791: The booger man would get them Interviewer: The booger man yeah okay any other names uh Aux: The devil 791: The devil will get you Interviewer: Okay the devil uh any nicknames for the devil you might 791: Old Satan Interviewer: Satan okay 791: Or the man with the pitchfork Interviewer: Alright now uh did you have any run ins with uh anything else you might see at night uh they were kind of white some them were Aux: Ghosts 791: Ghost Interviewer: Ghost okay any other names for them you might have they'd always be around the stairs at night late at night Aux: Cemetery {X} Interviewer: Cemetery 791: Oh I never did see a see a ghost {NW} Interviewer: Yeah an old house out in the woods uh folks didn't want to go near it they'd 791: They'd say it was haunted Interviewer: Haunted okay uh you might say I'll do speaking of going to that haunted house you might say I'll go if you want but I 791: I'd rather not Interviewer: I'd rather not okay uh going out of the door early morning winter you might say uh better put a sweater on it's getting 791: Chilly Interviewer: Okay getting how chilly it's getting Aux: Cold 791: Cold or pretty airish out there Interviewer: Okay oh my goodness it's getting oh it's getting they might ask you how would is it outside oh it's 791: Cold Interviewer: It's getting what 791: Rough Interviewer: Getting raw cold 791: Or rather cold or {D: rolicky} out there Interviewer: {D: Rolicky} what would {D: rolicky} mean 791: Well that'd mean Extremely cold Interviewer: I see okay Aux: It's getting worse Interviewer: Now what would you say to a friend you haven't seen for some time how would you express your feelings about seeing him you might say 791: Tickled Tickled to see you again Interviewer: Tickled to see you again oh my goodness it's you might say I'm I'm what I'm 791: Proud to see you again Interviewer: Proud to see you again okay uh how proud I am just I oh John I'm I'm Aux: Really 791: Glad to see you again Interviewer: Okay Aux: {NW} 791: Been a long time Interviewer: I'm awfully proud 791: Awfully proud Interviewer: #1 Awfully glad # 791: #2 See you # Interviewer: See you again 791: Yeah Interviewer: Okay a man owns five hundred acres you might say my goodness he owns a 791: A bunch of land or Interviewer: A bunch of land that's a that's a what of land he owns that's a 791: A lot of land Interviewer: Okay would you ever say right smart 791: Yeah right smart of land Interviewer: Okay right smart of land how would you use that word right smart my goodness that's a 791: I just I guess an old uh old saying or Interviewer: Okay 791: Lingo right smart Interviewer: You say oh boy somebody asks you about crops you say I just had a right smart of right smart of bad weather right smart of bad luck would you ever say that 791: Yeah I've heard it said Interviewer: Okay if you if somebody uh wanted to express agreement you wanted to express agreement with somebody you might say instead of saying just yes you might say why what you might say you're leaving a friend you might say uh well he says well see you again you say what 791: You come back or I'll I'll see you later Interviewer: Okay or you wanted to express agreement with that you'd say what certainly or what else 791: Certainly or I'll I'll Guarantee or Interviewer: Okay certainly you bet #1 something you'd say # 791: #2 You bet # Interviewer: You bet okay uh or sure would you say that 791: Right Interviewer: Can you do that can you really do that you might say 791: Sure Yeah Interviewer: Sure I 791: I can Interviewer: Sure I can uh 791: Or absolutely Interviewer: Or you might say I why I 791: I know I can Interviewer: I can you do that I 791: I certainly can Interviewer: I s- what I s- 791: Sure can Interviewer: I sure can okay if somebody they don't like going somewhere you might say oh he just 791: Hates to go Interviewer: Okay he just blank dreaded going he that old boy he blank dreaded that he 791: He just Hated to go Interviewer: Okay purely dreaded 791: Purely dreaded Interviewer: Okay it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was it was 791: A lot of cold Interviewer: Okay it was a lot of 791: Extremely cold Interviewer: Now you might your mother cooked you something you might tell her that's not just good mom that was mama that that pie you made was 791: Delicious Interviewer: Okay it was how good it was r- 791: Really good Interviewer: Real good okay real good what if you what would you say if you were you know hammering a nail and the hammer slipped of the nail and hit your finger 791: Ouch or I hit the wrong nail Interviewer: Ouch okay alright any uh another explanation Aux: {NW} 791: {NW} Interviewer: Damn 791: {NW} Yeah that's usually {NW} Interviewer: Okay Aux: {NW} Interviewer: Something like that now something if something shocking is reported or attributed to you you might say kind of a feeling of indignation you might have why the I just can't believe that the blank of somebody saying that the 791: The idea or Interviewer: The idea of somebody saying that how would you say that just you know kind of you know you'd say why the 791: Why the idea of such a remark or the idea of that Aux: Very Interviewer: Okay alright when you meet someone what would you say to them by way of greeting them uh friend says good morning to you you might say what would you say to him in return 791: Good morning mister so and so How are you this morning Interviewer: Okay he says good morning to you you might say pass him 791: How do you do or Interviewer: How's that 791: How do you do or Interviewer: Okay 791: or How's things for you this morning Interviewer: Alright what if you were introduced to a stranger you might say 791: Glad to meet you or Nice knowing you Aux: #1 Pleased to meet you # Interviewer: #2 okay # 791: Pleased to meet you Interviewer: If somebody's leaving after a visit you might tell them well I hope you'll Aux: Hurry back 791: Hurry back or Interviewer: Or come 791: Come again Interviewer: Come again what do you say when you meet somebody about December twenty-fifth around December twenty-fifth 791: Happy Christmas Interviewer: #1 Happy Christmas # Aux: #2 Merry Christmas # Interviewer: Okay or 791: Christmas eve Interviewer: Christmas eve 791: Yeah Interviewer: That sort of thing would you ever say Christmas gift 791: Yeah Interviewer: Or something like that 791: Christmas eve gift Interviewer: Okay that was sort of a joke 791: Right Aux: {X} Interviewer: Okay now to a child you might say why hello son or me- Aux: Merry Christmas 791: Merry Christmas or Interviewer: Merry Christmas and just six days later you might say 791: Happy new year Interviewer: Okay any any way of saying something way of appreciation you might say I'm much why thank you I'm much 791: Much obliged Interviewer: Okay you're not sure when you're going to have time to do something you might say oh I I'm not sure but I Aux: {X} 791: Don't know if I'll have the time or Interviewer: Okay now uh when you were young your father might say come on son get in the wagon I've got to go into town to do some 791: Shopping Trading Interviewer: Trading okay you make a purchase the store keeper took a piece of paper and made a purchase the store keeper took a piece of paper and 791: Wrapped it up Interviewer: Wrapped it up when I got home with the package I 791: Unwrapped it Interviewer: Okay if a store keeper sold something for two dollars and he paid two fifty for it you'd say he was selling it 791: Below cost Interviewer: Below cost he was selling it at a 791: Discount Aux: Loss 791: Or a loss Interviewer: At a loss okay oh boy that old tractor it's a good looking tractor but I can't buy it because it just blank too much it 791: Too Too high too much Interviewer: It it it blank it what it 791: Too much money Interviewer: That's a nice tractor but it blank too much 791: Cost too much Interviewer: On the first of the month time to pay the bill you say the bill is 791: Due Interviewer: Okay you going to any clubs 791: No Interviewer: You said you're going to don't you go to D F W 791: Yeah I'm going to D F W Interviewer: Okay 791: {X} Interviewer: Do you have to pay 791: Dues Interviewer: Yeah 791: Right Interviewer: To that club okay now you hadn't gotten money you'd have to go to a friend trying to 791: Borrow Interviewer: Borrow something okay now did you have a little water hole where folks could go can you tell me about the story about that when you were young 791: Well they had swimming pools Interviewer: Yeah 791: And go to the swimming pool on prayer creek Swing across on a grapevine Interviewer: Yeah uh swing across 791: Yeah Have a grapevine It would be hanging from the tree and they'd cut the grapevine find a hole of water that was {NW} Suitable to swim and find a big grape or a muscadine vine it was {NW} Up in the trees and they'd cut it They cut it off at uh just a foot or two from the ground Interviewer: Uh-huh 791: And then use it to swim across the creek onto the other side Aux: {X} 791: Kind of like tires and that Interviewer: Okay um okay now um if a boy let go you say he what 791: Died Interviewer: Died 791: Fell in Interviewer: He he fell in the water he died in the water okay and he what he 791: Swim Interviewer: Okay did did you do that much folks do that much 791: Good bit back years ago when everybody was young Interviewer: Yeah 791: I think one boy died from died in {D: bury} creek Interviewer: What happened 791: He had hit a log or some object on the water and he didn't know there was a stump Interviewer: Did he 791: Killed him Interviewer: Did he he 791: I don't know if he broke his neck You remember Aux: {X} 791: {X} Busted his skull and maybe broke his neck at the same time Interviewer: Did he go on the water did folks have to bring him back up 791: Yeah they they got him out Interviewer: I don't think he died right then but he died a little later Aux: Stayed in the hospital 791: He stayed in the hospital but he died later Interviewer: Oh okay somebody who went under you say oh you know he he what he 791: Drowning Interviewer: Drowning okay um he wanted to get across the river so he 791: Dived Interviewer: Dived in and he 791: Swum across Interviewer: Swum across okay uh if a boy puts his head on the ground and kicks his feet and turns over you say he did a 791: Somersault Interviewer: Somersault okay what if what if he was going off a board or something off a high cliff or something and he did that and went in the water 791: Turned a flip Interviewer: Turned a flip okay {NS} That's a when you land like that 791: Belly buster Interviewer: Belly buster okay 791: {NW} Interviewer: Now uh when uh when somebody uh when you went to the store mister {B} And they gave you a they gave you something for paying the bill on time or for you know for making a purchase with them what what did folks call tat 791: Showing appreciation Interviewer: Yeah you know uh the grocer might come out and say go ahead and take these plums nobody's going to buy all of them and I can't get rid of them all they're getting too ripe so uh here's a little 791: Gift Interviewer: Gift for you okay folks ever did you ever hear the word lagniappe 791: I don't believe Interviewer: Okay never never heard that now before a baby's able to walk he 791: Crawl Interviewer: Crawls on the floor you saw something off a tree you wanted to get a closer look at it so you say I went over to the tree and 791: Climb Interviewer: Climb the tree okay my goodness uh I'll tell you that holly bush that would be hard to #1 hard to # 791: #2 find # Interviewer: Hard to find last year my uh one of my boys 791: Climbed it Interviewer: Climbed up it okay but I had never 791: Climbed it Interviewer: Climbed it myself a little child would say his prayers he went over to his bed and Aux: Kneeled 791: Kneel Interviewer: Kneel down okay uh I I'm feeling a little tired I think I'll go over to the couch and I'll go over to the couch and 791: Lie down a while Interviewer: Lie down okay all morning he was sick all morning he just somebody who got sick you'd say oh boy all morning he just 791: Dragged around Interviewer: Okay he he couldn't even get up all morning he just Aux: {NS} {X} Interviewer: Yeah well that's a that's a darn good idea of having a bus because we never had anything like that in fact I'm sure the university of Georgia doesn't have anything like that when did that start can you remember Aux: It was a long 791: It's it's been Aux: About ten to fifteen 791: About ten to twelve years ago That I I know it's been running ten eleven years I've been driving a bus eleven years and it was running then Interviewer: Mm-hmm a good idea uh well you say all morning he was sick couldn't get up he just 791: Lay around Interviewer: Lay around okay talk about something you saw in your sleep you might say often when I go to sleep I 791: Dream Interviewer: Dream but when I wake up I can't remember what I 791: Dreamed Interviewer: Dreamed okay you might say I dreamed I was I was flying then all of a sudden I started falling and then I 791: Woke up Interviewer: I woke up now if you bring your foot down real hard on the floor like this you'd say you're 791: Stomp the floor Interviewer: Stomping on the floor okay if a man meets a girl at a at a place or something like that he says he says I don't want you to have to get home all by yourself uh can I or may I 791: Escort you home Interviewer: Okay or Aux: Carry 791: Carry you home Interviewer: Okay uh carry you home well that uh you might say what if they were in a vehicle or just walking may I 791: eh Uh Walk home with you Interviewer: Okay or 791: Drive you home Interviewer: When you say carry you home what would you mean 791: Well that would mean equal whether you was walking or riding Interviewer: I see okay alright to get a boat up on land you'd tie a rope to it and 791: Drag Interviewer: You'd say you 791: Pull Interviewer: Pull a boat up and then to get it back in the water you got to 791: Push it Interviewer: Push it out what would you say oh boy this suitcase sure is heavy I have you'd say well I if you carried it a long you might say oh my goodness I sure have what this suitcase 791: Carried it Interviewer: Carried it any other words 791: Lugged it Interviewer: Lugged it okay uh now a child came in the kitchen and the stove is one you'd say now that stove is hot so 791: Don't touch it Interviewer: Okay don't you what 791: Don't you get around it Interviewer: Don't you touch it would you say that 791: Right Interviewer: Alright um if you if you needed a hammer you'd say to me run 791: Run and bring me a hammer Interviewer: Run and bring me a hammer okay or run Aux: Get it Interviewer: Go see if you can 791: #1 Find me a hammer # Interviewer: #2 Find me a hammer okay or or fetch would you ever # Aux: Oh Interviewer: Son 791: Used to they'd say fetch me a hammer Interviewer: Yeah fetch me a hammer uh now um what sort of games you know like you'd have did you ever tell me about playing hide and seek 791: No I don't believe Interviewer: Did you ever play that game 791: Yeah played hide and seek Interviewer: What 791: {D: Hotch-scotch} Aux: Hopscotch 791: Hopscotch Interviewer: #1 Okay see It's been so long since you played you forget # 791: #2 marbles # Forget the name of it Aux: Jump the rope 791: Jump the rope Interviewer: What about hide and seek uh you had a place where if you made it back to before the guy was it Aux: You got to be it 791: Well you got to be it Interviewer: What's the what was the story behind that 791: Do you remember the way it went? it's been too long ago for me Interviewer: What'd you call that place that you could get back to Aux: Home go back home Interviewer: It was the what the you could touch it and you were safe Aux: Base 791: Base home base Interviewer: Base okay now you throw a ball and you ask somebody to Aux: Catch 791: Catch it Interviewer: Catch it okay I threw the ball and he 791: Caught it Interviewer: Caught it okay let's meet in town if I get there first I'll 791: Wait for you Interviewer: I'll wait for you okay if you're about to punish your child he might say please daddy don't hit me just give me another 791: Chance Interviewer: Alright just give me one 791: {NW} Interviewer: One more don't give me a licking just give me one more 791: One more chance Aux: {X} Interviewer: If a man's in a very good mood you'd say he's in a good 791: Mood or Interviewer: Okay he seems to be in a good old uh there's farmer Jones today he's all smiling he seems to be in a good 791: Good mood Aux: Humor 791: Good humor Interviewer: Good humor okay what would you say if uh if you had somebody on the farm working you'd say he's just a lazy old fellow I just I want to what I want to get that old pesky salesman he's always coming around I just want to get 791: Rid of him Interviewer: Get rid of him any other words uh 791: {X} Interviewer: Okay I just I want to get 791: Rid of him Interviewer: Okay would you ever say get shed of that 791: Yeah Aux: Get shed of that 791: Get shed of him Interviewer: Get shed of him okay now he didn't know what was going on but he what he he tried to oh that old fellow he doesn't know what's going on he just he just tried to somebody somebody might say somebody doesn't know what's going on they're just blank he just blank like he knew it all he he was just 791: Just thinks he knows it all Interviewer: Okay or he didn't he what he he didn't know what was happening he was just kind of what 791: I don't know Interviewer: If somebody uh if somebody was in a situation that that they uh didn't know everything about it you might say he was doing what 791: Nosing around or Interviewer: Um 791: Or ignorant of what was going on Interviewer: I see he was ignorant he didn't know what was going on but he what he 791: Thought he did Interviewer: Okay well if he didn't if he didn't think he did you'd say he was doing what he was 791: I don't know you got me there Interviewer: Okay uh that's kind of hard one to illustrate 791: To illustrate Interviewer: Yeah you'd say uh oh he just uh he didn't know what was going on but he blank like he blank out like Aux: Made 791: Made acted like or made out like Interviewer: Made out like he knew it all 791: Made out like he knew it all Interviewer: Alright somebody uh a boy left his best pencil on his desk and he came back and he didn't find it he'd say I bet somebody 791: Stole my pencil Interviewer: Okay any other words folks would say uh dad gummit somebody done 791: Somebody stole my took my pencil Interviewer: Okay took my pencil 791: Relieved me of it Interviewer: Swiped it 791: Swiped it Interviewer: Snitched it what if something was more expensive than that you'd say he 791: Stole it Interviewer: Talking to somebody he says oh my goodness now I had forgotten about that but now I 791: Remember Interviewer: Now I remember it you might say uh well you must have a better memory than I do because I sure 791: Don't remember Interviewer: Okay uh 791: I had forgotten about it Interviewer: Now if you were going to get a letter from somebody yesterday he 791: Wrote me a letter Interviewer: Wrote me a letter and today I'm going to 791: Answer it Interviewer: And answer it okay tomorrow I'll I had just 791: Wrote him a letter Interviewer: Wrote him a letter okay okay you put the letter in the envelope and you take your pen and 791: Address it Interviewer: Address it okay anything else you might say old people might say what back it Aux: {X} Interviewer: Would they ever say that 791: Say which Interviewer: Back the letter Aux: Backing it 791: Yeah Interviewer: Did you ever hear that 791: Yeah Interviewer: {NW} What would that mean just Aux: Put an address on it 791: Put an address on it Interviewer: Okay okay you might say I want to write him but I don't know his can't figure out I don't can't find his 791: Address Interviewer: Anywhere a child who's learned something uh uh maybe learned how to whistle and you don't know who how he learned it you might say who 791: Who taught him that Interviewer: Who taught him that okay Aux: Say he learned it Interviewer: Somebody asked you if you put that new fence up you might say well no but I blank to do it pretty soon I 791: Hope to pretty soon Interviewer: Okay you might say you intended or I Aux: Planned 791: Planned Interviewer: I planned to do that pretty soon uh things in the farm just keep me so busy but the I what I blank get around to that soon I 791: I hope to get around to it Interviewer: Okay say I aim 791: #1 I aim to do it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Aim to do that sometime uh now uh a child who was always running in the house and giving mother the news about other kids you'd say 791: Tattle tale Interviewer: He's a tattle tale okay would you ever call what would you call an older person who is always calling folks on the phone and telling them about the Joneses 791: Nosy or Interviewer: She's just a regular old 791: Windjammer or {NW} Interviewer: She's always a her best talent is 791: #1 Gossip # Interviewer: #2 being # Gossip okay would the word tattle mean the same thing as a gossip 791: Right Interviewer: It would 791: I think Interviewer: Would you use the word gossip about a young kid or something like that {NW} Aux: Tattling's usually 791: No I guess it would be used different Tattling would be with children and gossip would be used by older Aux: {X} Interviewer: Okay now if you wanted to brighten up the room for a party you might go out in the garden and what 791: Gather flowers Interviewer: Gather some flowers okay you'd say you're doing what I'm just out here 791: Picking some flowers Interviewer: Pickings some flowers uh something a child might play with you'd call 791: Toy Interviewer: Toy that's just his toy alright if something happened that you expected or predicted or was afraid was going to happen for example a child hurting himself uh while he was playing you might say what dad gummit I 791: I was afraid that would happen Interviewer: Okay I was afraid or I just 791: Knew it was gonna happen Interviewer: I knew that was going to happen uh now you might say I'm glad I picked my umbrella up because I hadn't gone half a block when it 791: Started raining Interviewer: Okay uh you you got the show you might say what time does the show 791: End Or get out Interviewer: Okay or what time does the show 791: Over Interviewer: Uh starts with a b a word 791: Begin Interviewer: Begin okay the usher might say well about ten or fifteen minutes ago it 791: Started Interviewer: It 791: Or begun Interviewer: It begun about ten or fifteen minutes ago horses gallop but people 791: #1 Trot # Aux: #2 trot # Interviewer: Trot or people Aux: Walk Interviewer: You might say why are you out of breath why I was feeling so happy I 791: Ran Interviewer: Ran all the way home alright this week I have blank a mile every day I have 791: Ran a mile Interviewer: Ran a mile every day now uh you'd say I blank her outside a few minutes ago I somebody asks you where is uh where is old where's Mary you might say oh I 791: Saw her outside Interviewer: Saw her outside a minute ago if somebody's leaving your house you might say we hope to 791: #1 See you again # Interviewer: #2 See you again soon because this year we blank so little of you we've # 791: Saw such Interviewer: Saw so little of you you can't get through there the the highway {X} Got their machines and the road's all 791: Torn up Interviewer: Torn up okay if you have a bracelet to your watch you might say why don't you 791: Wear it Interviewer: Okay just 791: Put it on Interviewer: Put it on okay I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever 791: Since Interviewer: Ever since somebody asks you uh why how long have you lived here you might say why I've 791: All of my life Interviewer: Okay {X} I Aux: Forty Interviewer: How long 791: Always lived Interviewer: Always lived here okay I've never heard of blank what I asked where it is I have never heard of 791: Such a thing Interviewer: Such a thing okay somebody you might be sitting with a friend say uh he asks you what'd you say and he says you might say well I didn't say 791: Anything Interviewer: I didn't say anything okay I didn't say uh you might say shake your head {X} 791: Say nothing Interviewer: Nothing okay then he said oh but I thought you said 791: Something Interviewer: Something okay now uh somebody says uh somebody comes up to you with a question you might say I don't know you better 791: Better ask someone else Interviewer: Ask someone else so you go and you go to him Aux: Ask him 791: Ask him Interviewer: Ask him and he says why you blank me that several times you Aux: Ask 791: Asked me several times Interviewer: Asked me several times today now those two boys they're so quarrelsome every time they meet they 791: Fight Interviewer: They fight those boys sure do like to fight they've 791: #1 Fought ever since # Interviewer: #2 Fought ever since they were kids okay now young boy down the road got mad at his wife and he took a big knife and h # 791: Stabbed her Interviewer: Stabbed her with it he stabbed her and then he 791: Stabbed her again Interviewer: Well after you stab somebody you do what I'm not you know this isn't personal experience but you stab somebody and then you Aux: Draw it back 791: Draw it back Interviewer: Draw it back okay there's a funny picture on the black board the teacher might ask who 791: Drew that Interviewer: Who drew that if you were going to lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you'd use some pulley blocks and rope to 791: Pull it up with Interviewer: Okay you say 791: Hoist it up Interviewer: Hoist it up okay all the way to twenty for me 791: To twenty Interviewer: Yeah 791: One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine ten Eleven twelve Thirteen Fourteen fifteen sixteen Seventeen Eighteen nineteen twenty Interviewer: Okay the number after twenty-six is 791: Twenty-seven Interviewer: And the number after three times ten is 791: Thirty Interviewer: Four times ten is 791: Forty Interviewer: Okay seven times ten is 791: Seventy Interviewer: Ten times ten is 791: Hundred Interviewer: Ten times a hundred is 791: Thousand Interviewer: Ten times a hundred thousand is 791: {NW} Interviewer: Ten times a hundred thousand is 791: A million Interviewer: Okay now if there's a line of men standing somewhere you say the man at the head of the line is the 791: First Interviewer: First man then the man after him is the 791: Second man Interviewer: And then comes the 791: Last Interviewer: The 791: Or the third Interviewer: Third man and then after the third man is the 791: Fourth Interviewer: And then comes the 791: Fifth Interviewer: And then comes the 791: Sixth Interviewer: And then comes 791: Seventh Interviewer: And after the seventh man comes the 791: Eighth Interviewer: And then comes the 791: Ninth Interviewer: And finally comes the 791: Tenth Interviewer: The tenth man okay now sometimes you feel your good luck comes just a little at a time but your bad luck comes 791: In droves Interviewer: In droves Aux: In bunch 791: Or bunches like grapes Interviewer: Yeah oh my goodness my bad luck just comes my good luck comes just a little at a time but my bad luck comes all 791: At once Interviewer: All at once okay now last year we got twenty bushels of corn through the acre but this year we're going to try and get forty so you say this year's crop is 791: Better than last year's crop Interviewer: How much better it's 791: Twice too good Interviewer: Twice as good okay alright name the months of the year for me slowly 791: January February March April May June and July August September October November December Interviewer: Okay and the days of the week 791: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: Okay you say honor the what to keep it holy the honor 791: The Sabbath Interviewer: Okay uh when you meet somebody about eleven o clock in the day time how would you greet them 791: Good morning Interviewer: Good morning okay until what time would you 791: till twelve noon Interviewer: Okay twelve noon and then you'd say what 791: Good evening or good afternoon Interviewer: Okay that's the afternoon from when 791: From twelve-oh-one or from twelve o'clock Interviewer: Okay uh what would you say whenever you leave people uh in this time of day would you ever say good day to them 791: Good day Interviewer: Okay uh now the part of the day after supper before you go to bed what's that 791: Evening Interviewer: Evening okay 791: Or even night after dark Interviewer: Okay if you didn't do something during the daytime you'd say I did it during 791: During the night Interviewer: During the night okay what would you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving someone's house at night 791: Good night Interviewer: Good night okay on the farm you start work before daylight you'd say we started to work before 791: Before dawn or before day break Interviewer: Okay we we got #1 before sun # 791: #2 Before day light # Before sun up Interviewer: Okay and we worked until 791: Dark Interviewer: Until sun 791: till sundown Interviewer: Okay you might say uh we were a little late this morning when we got out when we started out in the field the sun had already 791: Got up Interviewer: Okay the sun had already Aux: #1 Risen rose # 791: #2 rise # Interviewer: Sun had already Aux: Rose 791: Rose Interviewer: The sun had already would you say risen 791: Rise Interviewer: Okay the sun had already risen uh today is Friday so Thursday was 791: Yesterday Interviewer: Okay and Saturday will be 791: Tomorrow Interviewer: Okay if somebody came on Sunday the last Sunday you'd say he came a week when what if somebody came to visit you Sunday 791: Last Sunday Interviewer: Okay you'd say last Sunday what about the Sunday before that you'd say he came 791: Sunday was a week ago Interviewer: Alright how long's uh been at your house you might say oh you've been he came Sunday Aux: Before 791: Sunday before last Interviewer: Okay would you ever say Sunday past or 791: Sunday past Interviewer: Okay and if somebody was going to stay say until he was going to leave next Sunday you'd say he'll be here until 791: This coming Sunday Interviewer: Okay or the Sunday after that would be 791: Sunday week Interviewer: Sunday week okay great um if somebody came to your house and stayed from about the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about 791: About two weeks or half of a month Interviewer: Half a month what is that would you say that's a 791: Roughly fourteen fifteen days Interviewer: Okay did you ever hear the word fortnight used Mister Foster 791: I don't believe Interviewer: Okay uh if you wanted to know the time of day you might ask somebody say uh 791: What time do you have Interviewer: What time do you have okay and he would pull out his look at his 791: Watch Interviewer: Watch okay and if it was midway between seven and eight you'd say it's 791: Half past seven Interviewer: Half past or uh if it if it was about fifteen minutes later you'd say it's what 791: Quarter till Interviewer: Quarter till or what if it was uh ten fifteen you'd say it's 791: it'd be fifteen after Interviewer: Okay a quarter 791: Quarter after Interviewer: Now you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite 791: Quite a while or quite a spell Interviewer: Quite a spell the farmer had a pretty good crop last year but they're not going to get such a good crop 791: This year Interviewer: This year uh if something happened uh about this time last year you'd say it happened 791: About a year ago now Interviewer: Okay okay now you look up in the sky and you see a bunch of say I don't like the looks of those 791: Clouds Interviewer: Okay on a day when the sun's shining there are no clouds out in the sky you say that's a what kind of day 791: Fair or clear Interviewer: Clear day okay did uh an opposite kind of day would be a 791: Dreary Interviewer: Dreary day okay it's just a dreary kind of day 791: Cloudy overcast Interviewer: Uh if if rain was expected you'd say the weather's doing what Aux: Coming 791: Changing or Interviewer: Changing okay alright you might say I think the I think the 791: Rain's coming Interviewer: Rain's coming uh weather's fixing to um be fair and the clouds come and okay say the weather's changing 791: Change Interviewer: Alright but if it's a bit cloudy and the clouds pull away and the sun begins to shine you say I think the weather's 791: Breaking off Interviewer: Breaking off 791: Clearing up Interviewer: Clearing up now what about other types of things you'd have here you might say you got a just uh 791: Downpour Interviewer: A downpour 791: Or a cloud burst Interviewer: Cloud burst any other names for what if you had what if something was rained for just a short time then it stopped 791: Well you might say the bottom fell out Interviewer: Bottom fell out uh 791: Downpour Interviewer: Alright and if it was a steady kind of light 791: Drizzle Interviewer: Drizzle okay anything between a cloud burst and a drizzle 791: Well slow rain Interviewer: Okay something lighter than a drizzle you might say that's just a weak oh it didn't rain long just had a little 791: Sprinkle Interviewer: Sprinkle okay now if the wind is coming from that direction you say 791: It's coming out of the south Interviewer: Okay the wind's okay you say {X} Say the wind's 791: Out of the west Interviewer: Okay halfway between the east and the north is a 791: North north east Interviewer: Okay alright would you ever say uh you had uh a northern or a something like that 791: #1 Rain # Interviewer: #2 What would a northern be # 791: it'd be when the wind when it ch- weather change and the wind comes out of the north or The rains Interviewer: Okay now what do you call a heavy white kind of mist that comes off the river 791: Fog Interviewer: A fog my goodness it sure is 791: Heavy fog Interviewer: It's awful 791: Thick Aux: Foggy 791: Foggy Interviewer: Foggy okay when no rain comes for weeks and weeks you say we had 791: Drought or dry spell Interviewer: Okay now the wind has been very gentle and it's gradually getting stronger you say it's beginning to what it's 791: Pick up Interviewer: Okay the wind is 791: Blowing harder Interviewer: Okay and if it's just doing the opposite it's beginning to 791: Lull down or quieting down Interviewer: Okay alright and if it got cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you might say last night we had a you'd say you have what 791: Freeze or Frost Interviewer: Freeze okay um it got so cold last night the lake 791: Froze over Interviewer: Froze over uh if it gets any colder the pond might 791: #1 Freeze # Interviewer: #2 {X} Pond might freeze okay alright um now if you and another man have to do a job you when you told him about it you say you and # 791: You and I Interviewer: You and I have got to do that job uh the job that job is for not one man can do that job that job's for 791: For two Interviewer: Okay 791: Or it'll take two to do that job Interviewer: Okay that job's for 791: Both of us Interviewer: Both of us okay if some friends of yours and you were coming over to see me you might say blank and blank are coming over to see 791: We are We are coming or Interviewer: Okay you might say him and 791: Him and myself Interviewer: Him and myself are coming over to see uh there's a knock at the door and you say who's there they all know your voice you might say oh it's it's 791: It's me Interviewer: It's me and uh uh somebody knocks {NW} If it's a woman she'd say uh you'd say uh it's 791: It's Interviewer: It's 791: I don't follow Interviewer: Okay alright now compare how tall you are you might say he's not as tall as 791: As I am Interviewer: And I'm not as tall as I'm not as 791: Tall as he is Interviewer: Okay compared to how well you do something you say he can do it better 791: Than myself Aux: Me Interviewer: He can do it better 791: Than me Interviewer: Than me uh if a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say two miles is the 791: Limit Interviewer: The blank he could go that's the 791: Farthest he can go Interviewer: Okay something belongs to me you say it's 791: Mine Interviewer: Well it belongs to me it's 791: Yours Interviewer: If it belongs to both of us it's 791: Ours Interviewer: If it belongs to them it's 791: Theirs Interviewer: If it belongs to him it's 791: His Interviewer: Okay if it belongs to her it's 791: Hers Interviewer: Now people who come to visit you and they're about to leave you say blank come back now 791: You all come back Interviewer: You all come back now alright if somebody had well you and a bunch of friends were at a party you see them leaving you say hey where 791: We're coming Interviewer: Where are blank going to where are 791: Where are you where are y'all going Interviewer: Where are you all going okay and uh somebody went to a party and you asked them about the party uh you might say uh well blank was there uh blank was there at the party would you say that what would you say 791: I don't quite Interviewer: You asked him about who was {X} 791: Who all was that Interviewer: Who all was that 791: Or who all was at the party Interviewer: Okay and asking about a speaker's remarks you might say blank did he say uh 791: What did he say Interviewer: What did he say okay and if no one else will look out for him they've got to look out for 791: Themself Interviewer: Themself okay uh if you're not able to do something you'd say I'd like to but I I just 791: Can't do it or not able Interviewer: Okay uh okay now you might say in such a situation uh speaking of the fact that the corn seems shorter than it is than usual you might say I can't understand it this time of year it the corn 791: Usually dry or Interviewer: Okay uh we had a good you know a good year in terms of weather uh the corn blank be taller uh Aux: Should be 791: #1 Should be taller # Interviewer: #2 he should be taller at this # 791: Time of the year Interviewer: Okay it isn't as tall as it 791: Used to be or was last year Interviewer: Okay this one isn't as tall as it 791: Should be Interviewer: Blank be is it 791: Ought to be Interviewer: As it ought to be uh I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you 791: I will Interviewer: Okay yeah this is kind of a toughie you might say uh now I dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you might not do that or I bet you 791: Bet you afraid to Interviewer: Okay I bet you're afraid speaking of daring somebody to do something you might say I'll dare you to do it but I bet you 791: Bet you're afraid to Interviewer: Okay um you might say to him uh well what would you say in a situation like that with somebody going through the graveyard somebody dare you to do something like that you'd say 791: I double dog dare you to go Interviewer: Okay you'd say I double dog dare you to go through the graveyard and I bet you 791: I bet you won't do it or won't Interviewer: Okay speaking of not you won't do it I say I bet you when one boy is doing the opposite of is daring another boy to do something they the opposite of that is I bet you I'll dare you and I bet you Aux: Will 791: Won't Interviewer: Okay I'll bet you dare 791: Dare not Interviewer: Dare not or would you say dare or I bet you'd have to do that {X} Never heard of that okay alright now you might say you aren't doing what you 791: #1 Supposed # Interviewer: #2 Blank to do # #1 you aren't doing what you # 791: #2 {X} # Aux: Ought to do 791: Ought to do Interviewer: Ought to do a boy got a whipping you might say I bet he did something he 791: Shouldn't have Done Interviewer: I'll bet he did something he ought what he 791: Ought not do Interviewer: Ought not have done will you do it no I 791: Won't Interviewer: I won't do that now if you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your friend was just standing around helping you you'd say you my goodness you 791: You've made it or Interviewer: Okay I did it all by myself but you helped me you 791: You could have helped me Interviewer: You could have helped me you uh you just sat over there on the porch and you dad gum you might have helped me would you say that 791: You could have helped me Interviewer: Might could have helped me 791: #1 Might could have helped me # Interviewer: #2 mm-kay # speaking about that uh you you'd say that somebody uh somebody asked you to do a job you'd say well I'm not sure if I I don't know whether I can whether I'm they're talking to you about doing a job you say I don't know I don't know if I can but I I will I 791: I'll try or I Interviewer: Okay let me think on that a little bit I 791: I'm not positive I can do it Interviewer: Yeah you what you say I might what 791: Might try Interviewer: Okay I might just do it 791: Might could do Interviewer: Okay well I think we're about through with the interview did you might could enjoy it 791: {NW} Interviewer: I I'm sorry 791: I've enjoyed it Interviewer: Well I'm sorry it ran off so long I enjoyed getting all the stories down and everything like that how many hours you got on tape five and a half 791: Five and a half hours all together Interviewer: Yeah that was a good interview great interview best I've done {NS} Interviewer: Your name? Aux: Nice she wanna know your name you gotta talk louder. hear in one ear 794: yeah I can my hearing's bad in there. Interviewer: Um, your name? Aux: yeah 794: uh George {B} Interviewer: And your address? {B} Is this part of {B} right here? This community is 794: Well uh You see I'm uh {X} I'm, I'm about six miles {B} See, six miles south of {B} Interviewer: And the name of this parish and state 794: {B} State {B} Interviewer: And where were you born? 794: I was born here in {B} Here in the state of {B} Interviewer: Right 794: Right here, yeah, right here, mm-hmm. Right here six miles south of {B}. Yeah, you might say in the Corinth community Interviewer: uh-huh That's Corinth Church? 794: uh Corinth Church uh-huh. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: And how old are you? 794: I'm uh seventy-seven. Interviewer: And your religion? 794: Baptist. Interviewer: And tell me about what you were just telling me about the kind of work you've done? 794: Well, I done farm work. I've uh worked with stock. I did cattle and hauled all kind of stock, you see. Raised stock, I raised stock. And I did some old field work {NS} And I {X} Some at El Dorado and some at uh at Pine Island Interviewer: How long did you work there? 794: Well uh {NW} I worked at uh I did work at El Dorado, but just a few days. Um I worked at uh Pine Island about thirty days. About thirty days all I worked there. Interviewer: That's near Shreveport? 794: Yeah. And uh, I done timber work. Interviewer: Where did you do the timber work? 794: Well uh, I, I did timber work all around in here, some government land and company lands. I've uh did all kind of timber work. I've made staves, I made bowls. I've cracked logs. Cracked telephone poles. And I've cracked wood. Might say all kinds of timber work. Interviewer: Here in Winn Parish? 794: Yeah here in Winn Parish. {NW} And I've done a lot of road work. I build roads, maintain roads and uh I've uh girdered timber. I've planted trees, transplanted, and all the other planters. Transplanting trees- Interviewer: What do you mean? 794: Pine trees, for the Tree Bought Lumber Company Interviewer: What do you mean you, grow, timber? 794: Yeah, Pine timber, you see, uh You see, where there wasn't any timber, land that didn't have any timber on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: You see these companies, and the government too, has planted them, you see, uh, transplanted them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh {NW} I rode a planter behind a tractor. And, uh, and transplanted trees. See we put the trees {NS} near six foot apart as we could get them. And, and about six row Six foot rows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh, I did carpenter work, I did painting. And uh, Where the company had houses built on low land water run under them. I, I dig {X} drain the water out and some of them I had to have dirt hole and put under there. All round it You know, make a slope and all for it. And I worked in {X}, all kind of {X}. Uh. Interviewer: All right here in this parish? 794: Yeah, over in this parish, yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: Just a second. Tell me um 794: And that's about That's about all the kind of work I guess that I done. Interviewer: Tell me about your education, starting with the name of the first school you went to? 794: Well, the first school that I went to was, well all the school I went to was here in Corinth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Corinth schools, yeah, all that I went to. And uh, that's the only place I went to school to and I got up to the eighth grade. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was that as far as this school went? 794: Yeah that's as far as the school went. Interviewer: Do you do much reading or? 794: I don't now. I used to but I don't now. Interviewer: What did you read? What sort of things? 794: Well uh, I, I'd read my, some my After I quit school I still read my school books some. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And I'd read papers. But uh, for the last thirty year or more than that I haven't read but very little. Very little reading that I've done. You see I work all the time and I don't have time reading {X}. It's hard when I come in Interviewer: {NW} 794: every night, why I don't feel like reading. I generally go to bed pretty early. Interviewer: Do you, what sort of work do you do now? 794: Well I don't do anything except uh Uh, uh, a little uh, a little farming, just raising truck farming a little, course I don't sell no stuff. Just uh truck farming, first sales, uh I raise corn potatoes all kind of vegetables. And uh, that's about all that I that I do now. Interviewer: Have you been able to get much done, with, this year with 794: Well, this year I haven't, it's rained so much. Tell uh, I've had to do some my work over been a hard matter to get stuff to come up here {X} go on and we've had to {NS} uh pack the second time to see some things. and uh So I've had to do a lot of the work over, do it over you see it uh had rain and stuff wouldn't come up and I'd have to replant uh plant it over and uh I set out potatoes I I raise Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, and tomatoes, onions, peas, beans and all such as that you see. All, all kinds of them. {NW} Interviewer: Have you done much traveling? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Have you done very much traveling? 794: Well, uh. When I used to work for the state I did. For a while, now, when I first went to work for the state back in thirty-five, thirty-five and thirty-six I did road work. And they transferred me in the sign department Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I did carpenter work. And then I painted. And then I uh for a while, I, I went on the road repairing signs. I went all, all over the whole uh, precinct, you see, all all over the territory, all over the district, I mean to say. Over Winn, Grant, La Salle, {D: Natchitoches and Sabine} parish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I did that for two or three years. Interviewer: How long would you be gone at one time? 794: Well, I stayed home every night, just that day you see I'd be gone the day. and uh We'd, when we'd go over in Sabine parish and repair signs but we'd come back to the highway barn you see we Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: We worked ten hours then. And we'd be back by the highway barn at uh when that ten hours is up. And I stayed home every night, I did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: Didn't stay away from home at all. And uh, I traveled more then on working than I have any other job. Except of course now I traveled right smart when I was working for the Tree Mark Lumber Company. When I was building roads uh but uh I'd work in Jackson parish, Winn parish, Natchitoches, Grant parish, and the La Salle parish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And I'd do some traveling then. But I did more traveling when I was working for the state than I did for the Company. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you been very active in church or clubs or different organizations? 794: No Ma'am. Interviewer: Were you ever in the Army or anything? 794: No. Never was in the Army. Uh, I just missed World War one, seven days. I was ready just to go, ready to go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it was over seven days before my time to go. Interviewer: Tell me about your parents, where they were born and 794: Well my father, he he uh mother they was, they was born here. And uh, he farmed. Interviewer: They were born in Winfield? 794: Yeah {X} Yeah, right here at uh Well Right at the same place I was he was course it was about a mile back over thisaway About six miles in Winnfield. And uh my mother was borned uh She was born in Winn parish too but she was borned about twelve miles south of here. Uh she was about fif- fifteen, eighteen miles Winfield, south Winfield Interviewer: What was the name of the community? 794: Well it- it was um Zion community where she was born. Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: Has the Zion church about eight or nine miles south of here. Interviewer: How much education did your parents have? 794: Well, I really don't know, uh I don't know how far, far they got I don't think though that he got over the seventh grade Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. And I don't really know how far my mother got. She didn't get to go to school much. Interviewer: What was your mother's maiden name? 794: Oh um Guin Guin, her maiden name, G-U-I-N. Guin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did both your parents farm all their lives? 794: Yeah, both farmed all their lives. Course my father, he worked in timber, That is uh did hauling, he didn't uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: do any cutting timber, and it was like that, to mount anything. He mostly did hauling, he kept teams all the time and he hauled and he farmed and he raised, raised stock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cattle and hogs, that's about all he did. Except uh, Helped building ra- uh doing dirt, dirt work and all building this railroad over here he helped do that. Interviewer: Tell me about your grandparents on your mother's side? 794: Well uh He farmed and raised stock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's all he did, just farm and raise stock. Interviewer: Where was he born? 794: Well, he, he was borned in Alabama Mobile, Alabama. Interviewer: Uh-huh. When did he come here? 794: Well I don't know what when it, what year it was he came here but he came here when my mother was um about six years old. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh Interviewer: So your mother was born in Mobile? 794: Huh? Interviewer: So your mother was born in Mobile? 794: Yeah she was borned in Mobile yeah. But she was mostly raised here you see. Interviewer: What about your grandmother on your mother's side? 794: Well uh, her name was Moore. And uh she was raised in {X} in Mobile, Alabama. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Do you know how far your grandparents got in school? 794: No I really don't. Sure don't. Not very far I don't suppose so. Interviewer: Where did your mother's people come from? What, what kind of name is, is that? 794: You mean where they came from? Interviewer: Before they, they were in Alabama, you know? 794: No, uh, no I don't. I just know that they came from Mobile, Alabama. And uh that's that's all I know about course uh their people now she had {X} um uh grandfather had some brothers Uh his folks is nearly down but I never did see them I don't know anything about them. Only I heard of um Of one of his brothers older than him uh Raz Guin and uh during the old uh I guess it's Spanish-American war. He was too old to go and you know back them days ain't no one too old to go uh the other sider was fighting you see they'd kill them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they killed him. Interviewer: Mm. 794: They they they uh staked him down. Straightened him out on his back and staked his hands down and his feet and drove on ways down the slope and killed him. And now that that's cruel sure enough. Course these last few wars you know, World Wars such as that people too old to go they didn't do 'em thataway Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But back in those days they did. Interviewer: Tell me about your grandparents on your father's side. 794: Well uh my grandfather on my father's side he farmed, raised stock, and uh he had mills. He had saw mills, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: he sawed lumber, and he had a gin. A gin cotton. And a grist mill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He ground corn, corn meal you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And he he did all of that. Interviewer: Where was he born? 794: Well uh he was borned in Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And he came to this country when he's about sixteen years old. And he stayed here the rest of his days uh oh uh He was ninety Ninety years and six months old when he passed away. Interviewer: What was his name? 794: Jim Dalby. Jim Dalby. Long. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You're kin to Huey Long. 794: Yeah. Kin sure am, according to Huey. Interviewer: Which What 794: But now Huey's grandfather and my grandfather was brothers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And so that made uh Huey and myself about third cousins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Huey and Earl George Shannon George Shannon. He was a tooth dentist. And uh he was uh He was a Representative. No he's a senator. He's a, uh senator. Uh when he passed away. And Earl he was governor And Huey was governor first and then he was uh uh He was a senator too. He just kept going on up you see. Interviewer: Did Huey's grandfather come from Cincinnati too? 794: No uh he was he was uh Yeah yeah his grandfather came from Cincinnati too. Uh they was um My grandfather his name is Jimmy Jim and uh Huey's grandfather's named John. And there was four of them and a one named Charles Long Now that was some folks along over here east of us. Doug DeMorning Course a whole bunch of them Morris and John and a whole bunch of them that way Jim Parker. Whole bunch and then the other one was named Mike. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: {NS} Mike Long {NS}. He was uh uh lived about a mile back over this way he raised a pretty good sized family too. But uh They all done passed away {NS} you know and {X} to he had one daughter she lives about uh half a mile back over here and and has one brother and one son. It uh it's in Texas. Mostly though the folks that's all all gone now. Oh um I believe I'm the uh besides uh Uncle Mike's daughter Mrs. Roxy Doris over here she's eighty- five, isn't it eighty-five. Besides her and then she has her brother he's about eighty- one or two. And I'm the next oldest Long is a living. Interviewer: Did you know Huey when you were growing up? 794: Do which? Interviewer: #1 Did you know him? # 794: #2 Hu-? # Interviewer: Did you see him very much? 794: You mean uh Huey or- or Mike? Interviewer: Huey. 794: Huey yeah yeah Huey's raised right there in Winnfield yeah I saw him when he was a boy uh he was a lawyer at first and then he was railroad commissioner. And then he was governor And he just kept building on up you know. Uh. Interviewer: Did you work with him? Did you you help him campaign or 794: No well uh I didn't him but I did Earl I helped Earl campaign. Uh, but that's the only one that I did. Interviewer: Tell me about your um, grandmother on your father's side. Where was she 794: Well uh she was borned and raised here. Uh she was a Pupils. Interviewer: In Winnfield? 794: Well uh No she was raised out here in the country here out here in the Corinth community Interviewer: She was a 794: She was a Pupils. Oh uh Eleanor Eleanor Pupils Interviewer: P-U-? 794: P-U I can't spell it myself now uh Mr. Harley Boseman Heck's brother, he he could spell it but I, I can't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: P-U-P P-U-P, P, let's see, Aux: Peoples 794: Pupils P-U Aux: Peoples, P-E-O-P-L-E-S, I think. 794: No, it's a silent letter to it. Mr. Harley Boseman he could spell it but but I I never could spell it. I don't know just how it's spelled. But now uh Now Heck, he he can tell you he he can spell it. See he's got a good education and he used to be post master here at Winnfield Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh he can spell it {NS} Interviewer: How much your education did your grandparents on your father's side have? 794: Well He didn't get my say any Um my grandfather on my father's side poor fella he couldn't even write his name. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: So after I got to logging you know I I he'd want anything signed I I'd write his name for him. He couldn't read or write but he had plenty of brains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He is a sensible man and he could do most any kind of business and you could figure he used to raise a lot of cotton it wasn't on Winnfield it wasn't here then. They carried the cotton to Eddie Sanders. And he sold it to a fellow named uh Bolder down there and Mr. Bolder and he figured up how much it'd come to and he'd tell my grandfather how much it'd came to let me get you some more water. and he'd tell my grandfather how much it'd came to {NS} and my grandfather'd say just wait just a few minutes. Grandfather's step out of the store and he'd figure it up in his head and he'd tell him just exactly what it was. {NW} Interviewer: Did your grandmother on your father's side have much education? 794: No she didn't have much education. Interviewer: Could she read and write? 794: Well she could read some but I don't think she ever did write oh she'd write a little but not very much {NS} Interviewer: Um 794: No you know back in those days sure you'd get to you didn't get to go to school much they worked all the time everybody farmed and uh so uh they kept them busy might say the year around. To keep the place up and uh And uh and uh everybody raised stock most everybody did and uh it always Course you didn't have Jersey cows then to milk you just had woods cows and with a big family maybe you'd milk six or seven head of cows Interviewer: What do you mean woods 794: Huh? Interviewer: What kind of cows? 794: Uh well just uh might say uh a common cow just woods cows Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: They didn't have Jersey cows like they do now and get {X} stood up you know and fed and give lots of milk. They'd just let the cow go in the woods and and then milk them of course now in the wintertime they'd feed them a little. But they didn't feed them dairy feed they didn't have any dairy feed then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They'd feed them cotton seed and nubbins of corn and silks hay and stuff like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Tell me about your wife, how, how old 794: Which? Interviewer: Your wife, how old is she and 794: She's uh Aux: six or {NW} 794: Seventy Aux: Six or seven. 794: Sixty-seven. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where was she born? Aux: Uh in Catahoula Parish. Yeah. 794: She can tell you more about that than I can. Interviewer: Catahoula Parish Aux: Uh-huh. Catahoula parish at Archie, Louisiana. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What was your maiden name? Aux: Uh, Smith. Interviewer: Where were your parents born? Aux: Uh, Catahoula Parish. Interviewer: You know about before that? Aux: Huh? Interviewer: You know going further back than that? Aux: No I don't know anything about my grandparents or anything Just about you know mother and daddy. And my mother died when I was four years old you see. And um, I don't, I don't remember her too well. Interviewer: How far did you get in school? Aux: Tenth Interviewer: Tenth grade? Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And you a Baptist too? Aux: Baptist, uh-huh. We go up here to Corinth church. Interviewer: Um, tell me how, what Winfield was like when you were growing up? 794: Well, it was, it was a small town. It wasn't but uh two or three stores Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh There wasn't very many people lived back then and uh it was a town that uh it that had a lot of shade trees big oak trees, shade trees around it and uh people would go up to town in wagons you know and some of them had buggies but mostly wagons and uh they'd ride their their horses up to these shade trees and tie them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: round under these shade trees and uh people would uh there weren't any cafes in town then and they'd carry their, their lunch with them and eat dinner in their wagons and buggies. Out on these shade trees there. Interviewer: Could you get just about everything you needed at Winnfield? 794: Well uh In the old days you could get most everything you need. Course it's uh They just had the grocery store they didn't have any drug store there for years and years Just drug, or drug stores and uh dry good stores and uh after so long they finally put hardware stores in there. Interviewer: If you needed something from a hardware store where would you go? Well You- you could go there at uh Winnfield they had uh they had one store there, People's hardware at the you could get most any kind of plow tools or you could get wagons and buggies harness anything like that get most any kind of plow tools you wanted. and uh saddles, bridles, saddle blankets and all such as that. Anything that you need there for horses, for the ride, or to work your wagon or to plow you {D: worn}. Mm-hmm. What was the biggest town in this area? 794: Well um at that time Alexander was the largest town and then Shreveport the next. But El Dorado Interviewer: Arkansas? 794: Yeah, Arkansas. That was the largest town. Interviewer: That's about a hundred miles from here, isn't it? 794: Yeah Uh El Dorado is um I believe it's a little better see Shreveport's a hundred miles from here El Dorado I believe is a little further, I don't know just for sure just how far it was, I suppose a hundred and twenty hundred and twenty, hundred and thirty miles something like that from Winnfield. Interviewer: Did you ever go to El Dorado? 794: Yes I, I been to El Dorado. Interviewer: Are you, when when you were small, did y'all? 794: Well no, I was grown, I went there to work. Uh. I worked a little out six miles south of El Dorado. Out at a place they call Crossroads. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I worked at a drilling rig, out there, and then uh then I worked at Pine Island, I helped build rigs, set up rigs. And then I worked at uh the drilling rigs part of the time. And then I worked at Northland that's way this side of El Dorado. I worked at Northland But I did carpenter work there. I built ballast stations. Interviewer: Where's Northland? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Where is Northland? 794: Northland well that's uh That's this side of El Dorado I suppose I don't know just exactly how far but I suppose Interviewer: What parish? 794: I really don't know. No I don't know what the parish that's in. Uh. I suppose it's about sixty miles south of El Dorado. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course I've been to several of the towns north but I didn't work to {X}. I went to Northland, Smackovern Louanne, Pielum Pine, well I worked at Pine Island that was out far as you can get up Lynnsburg Hunting work, you know, Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: in all them places but You know the oil fields, right between the oil fields you work at was at uh at uh Crossroads out six miles south of Alexander and then at at the Pine Bloom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever have anyone trace your ancestry back? 794: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Going back # 794: No. Interviewer: You know where before the Longs were in Cincinnati, do you know where they came from? 794: The Longs, you mean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well uh uh Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Is where the the Longs came from, my grandfather and all of them. And as far as I know that's where all the Longs were was raised there you know. That is their native home. Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Did y'all move around much when you were small? 794: Do which? Interviewer: How many houses have you lived in? Did you move much? 794: Oh, I've only lived in this house here myself, just since I married. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah just in this one. Interviewer: What about before you married? 794: Well I lived uh on this hill down here uh It's been two houses burnt there It was a large, larger house than this is, a plank house it um, it burned and uh way back yonder people didn't have any insurance on houses at all and my father lost everything thataway. And he build back I was eleven years old then. And then back the year of uh fifty-six when he build back there another house burnt there. Interviewer: Mm. 794: And uh he rebuild and he was living there when he when he passed away. My mother passed away there. Interviewer: Describe the house that you grew up in? I mean, how many rooms did it have and? 794: Well uh, this house had uh it had six rooms to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Had uh four bedrooms and a kitchen and a dining room. It's made with a hall like this and uh and well it had a porch all around it and it had uh, a L running out to it, shape of L, for a kitchen and dining room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you walked, it had a hall down the middle? 794: Yeah. Yeah you had a hall down the middle there, come on down to the, to the kitchen and dining, the dining room and then the kitchen. It was like a room here then the the side room was a bedroom, the next room was a dining room and the next one was the kitchen and then uh two bedroom doors here on this side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was the first room, uh, that you walked into called? 794: Well, I could walk into uh either one of them on this side sure had a course we, we didn't have a door here on the front to either one of them like they should. Now this used to be uh, a porch closed here see I just build this here a little longer this one But they had a hall door you see and we'd go in and out the hall door but you go in either one, right or left either one. Interviewer: What was the left one called? 794: Well it was where my father and mother stayed, the bedroom. Interviewer: Could, could you make a sketch of the house? Just kind of draw what it. 794: Yes. Interviewer: Just the, the floor plan, you know. Aux: This is the old grandpa's house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} 794: I just trying to draw, draw off just the shape of each Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Of the rooms. And uh. {NS} And this is the porch now, this didn't come all all the way on this one. It just went across on the end of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And on uh this one this was a porch. A porch, and then there was a porch out from here, along here. And then a porch all the way from you might say from here back to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 Now I # Interviewer: #2 This is the bunt here? # 794: Yeah, that that was uh that was a porch you see it went across just like this one did before this room was built. It went plum across These here rooms and there was a porch here and a porch here and this front porch went out as far as these porches did on the ends you see. Interviewer: Were these porches connected? 794: Yeah. Uh Well um {NS} Uh Yeah the- this {D: sharing wall} connected to the front ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: This one here and uh I just put a P here so you know it's uh porch in the place of a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: room and uh Course, this, this is all the way across here, this is a porch too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh, a porch all the way across to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it had uh three brick chimneys to it it had a brick chimney to uh this end. Interviewer: What was this room here called? That was your parents bedroom? 794: Yeah, that was my parents bedroom. And this was um some of the boys' bedrooms and this was the girls' bedroom, and this was the other boys' bedroom over here. Interviewer: The girls' bedroom was across the hall from your parents? 794: Uh, yeah, Yeah the girls they slept across the hall from the parents. And the boys slept across the hall from the parents, some of them did, and some slept in this room here next to my parents. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See thataway. Interviewer: So what was your room right here? 794: This is a dining room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NS} Let's see {NS} Dining Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 794: #2 room. # And this is a kitchen. {NS} Ain't much writing I haven't wrote in so long I'm about out of practice writing. {NS} And and this is the bedroom, two bedrooms and two bedrooms here. Interviewer: What was the room that you'd go in if you had company? 794: Oh we'd go in uh this room. Interviewer: The, the girls' room? 794: Yeah, the girls' room. We had uh Let's see, we had a organ in there. Some of them played the organ and we'd all sing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever call that anything besides the bedroom? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Did you ever call that anything besides the bedroom? 794: No. No, just bedroom or front room. Interviewer: Front room? 794: Yeah. Yeah, front room. Interviewer: What about this house here? Could you make a sketch of this house? 794: Uh Yeah. Uh. Now this house here, uh this was the porch all the way across. and then this room here and then there's a porch on across it and then there was a was a plank building back out thataway for a kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh, it wasn't connected to the house? 794: No, it wasn't connected, it was uh, at the end of that porch it was a little walk about as wide as this doorstep here into the kitchen. And then it had a it had a front porch on it and had a well, a board well, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: right on this front porch. Do you want me to draw it all up for you? Interviewer: Yes. What did you call that walk that went out to the kitchen? 794: Well, uh, I really don't know uh a pass, I suppose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Wouldn't call it a porch. Mostly a pass. From the uh From the back what we call the back porch of the house to the kitchen. Interviewer: What did you call this hall down this middle here? 794: Well we called it some called it hall and some called it entry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear it called a dog trot? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Dog trot? 794: No. I didn't understand the me- Interviewer: A dog trot. 794: Dog trot. No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah they called this a hall, some called it hall some called it entry. {NW} Aux: That's them horseflies. 794: Yeah these horseflies are bad sure. Well I can draw this off if you uh Interviewer: Yeah. 794: Want me to it uh Interviewer: Your grandfather built this now? 794: Um, well he had it built. Uh He had a man by name of Harper Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to build this for him course my grandfather helped build it. But he hired a man to build it. They uh went in the woods and they cut the trees down {NS} with a crosscut saw. And uh then they split them with a sledge and a wedge and an ax together. And they skid them up out of the woods to where they build the house with cattle. Interviewer: What do you mean they 794: Cattle, ox teams. Interviewer: Uh-huh they skid them 794: Yeah they skid them that's drag them Interviewer: Oh. 794: they drag them you know. Put chains around them course they had yokes on these cattle you know. and uh and and they'd drag them up by with, with the cattle. Now I don't know whether they uh drug them up before they split them in the woods or not. I don't think they did, I think they split them away so that they got them up to where they build the house. Interviewer: After they had already? {NS} 794: And uh So they uh, they went down in Doug, in Doug DeMorning's swamp and they cut big Cyprus trees down and they split the sap part of the trees off. They sold them board lengths, I believe it was three foot lengths then. They made them long boards, finally got down to two foot and a half, thirty inches, and twenty-four inches but they, they wanted to put on this house to build uh just thirty-six inches long, the boards was. And that they ride them out, bowed them up and ride them out in the boards. Heart Cyprus boards. {NS} Aux: That, that's a private line that's the matter. {NW} 794: {NW} And um, so they um, they went and they in down in the swamp {X} where they got these boards and they cut trees, put hard Cyprus blocks under them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And of course they went in the woods and they got the best hard pine timber there was and hewed out the sleepers and the seal, the foundation #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The sleepers? # 794: Sleepers and the seal they call them that's it's the foundation of the house. Interviewer: The sleeper is the foundation? 794: Yeah, sleepers and the seal is the foundation of the house. And uh then uh My grandfather, he had uh, a saw mill and he sawed the lumber. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For the flooring. And uh And sawed the lumber for to put between the logs and to take in the {NS} uh, plane, an old time plane what they call a jack plane and plane the inside of it and and and each edge of it down to what you call a feather edge down thin and nailed it on to there. And uh they wasn't in the plank houses then. All log houses, but uh this sure was the only spit log house there was in this country. The rest of them's out of smaller timber little round pole houses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then my mother's father his house was a split house just like this. Let's see uh Now this is a porch. It uh It uh started right here. It starts here. That's kind of a door step like the {X} to the porch here. And um Interviewer: {NS} What's that? 794: This is the kitchen. Interviewer: Hmm. Is it still out there like that? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Do you still have that? 794: Ah-huh. Yeah. And and now this is um This is a porch here. Interviewer: In front of the kitchen? 794: Yeah yeah fastened to the kitchen. And they had a well right here. A dug well. Right there. {NS} And of course that and they had um a dirt chimney for this kitchen here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I don't know hardly how to draw that out. But I'll just put it kindly this way like. Interviewer: That's on the back of the kitchen? 794: Ah-huh. This is And uh They had um {NS} a chimney to the end of this uh {NS} room here I'll just put it kinda close like that. {NS} and a chimney to this one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they didn't have any porches on each end of it. Interviewer: How many rooms? #1 were there in all? # 794: #2 It was uh, was uh # three bedrooms. Now uh, this was a bedroom and this is a bedroom and this is a bedroom {NS} and of course this was the hall here and this was the kitchen and kitchen and dining room all together. Interviewer: How have you changed the house? 794: Do which? Interviewer: How have you changed it? 794: Well I haven't changed it any at all except the uh the kitchen I didn't build it to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It came a storm here seven years before I moved this house here and blew it down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: So I never did build it back to this at all. Interviewer: You've shut this room? 794: Yeah. Yeah well this is what blew away, the kitchen here it blew away. And I didn't build it back you see, to here at all. But uh that's the way it was when it was over over there Now like it is here, it's this here all except this you see. Course I could draw this all here like if you want it. Interviewer: Well what, tell me what you, do you still use this as a bedroom here? 794: Yeah use this for a bedroom. And uh this for a bedroom and this for a bedroom, three. Interviewer: Where is your kitchen now? 794: Well my kitchen now is in here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Is this-? # 794: #2 {X} # Yeah I use I use this for a bedroom now. And uh and this for a bedroom and this for a kitchen and and now I use uh this for a bedroom you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well no I don't now we did for a while but we don't now it's just. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Let's see. 794: That's about as best I believe that I can #1 draw at all of course it wasn't drawn all # Interviewer: #2 that's fine # 794: pretty and straight {NW} Made it catty-cornered and all but that's some like the shape it was. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear any um old-fashioned names for kitchens? 794: No just kitchen is all that they called it then the old-fashioned name was kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about for porch? 794: Well They called it some called them gallery gallery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you hear that word now? 794: Yes, the gallery jail. Interviewer: No, do you, do you hear people say gallery #1 nowadays? # 794: #2 No, no not now they call them porch now. # And there not very many houses now that has porches on them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: These, this new uh model houses they build now they don't put porches on them. {NW} Interviewer: Tell me about the fireplace? The part that comes out, the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace. 794: Yeah, that's right. In front of the fireplace, open just in the house alright Interviewer: #1 What do you call that? # 794: #2 And well they uh # And and and uh You see where they build a fireplace here and leave this open place come in the house well they let the hearth what they call the hearth from the fireplace come out Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: About eighteen or twenty inches in the room you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Keep the fire from burning in the floor your see, they don't let the floor go right up to it. They call that the hearth. Interviewer: What's the thing that goes up above? 794: A plate. Call that the plate. Plate of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah they call that the plate of the house, goes up for. That's the the plate and this up comes up these round {X} is the rafters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And then this strip of course is the {D: laven}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What about on the fireplace? The thing you can sit a cloth on up above the fireplace. 794: Well you have uh, a mantle shelf. Yeah called a mantle shelf. Interviewer: What do you set the wood on? 794: Do which? Interviewer: What do you set the wood on? In the fireplace. 794: Oh uh Andirons. Interviewer: Do you ever hear old-fashioned name for that? 794: No, andirons I believe is, is the the only name that I ever heard of it. Interviewer: What? 794: Andirons. And. A-N-D-I-R-O-N-S. Interviewer: What about dog irons or fire dog? 794: Well I'll tell you they did call dog irons. That's the old name, dog irons. They call them andirons now but they did call them dog irons, that's right. I'd just forgotten. And then, then they use uh a poker there uh used to, they don't use them now, they used a fire stick now used to use a poker that's two pieces that's that they fasten together cut a little hole and fasten together to use to spread them apart and pick up a chunk Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And throw it in the fireplace of hot embers. but they don't use them now they just use a piece of iron for a, a fire stick. Interviewer: If you wanted to start a fire, what kind of wood might you use? 794: Uh, rich lighted. Lighted. Interviewer: Is that 794: Rich lighted that's splinters you see. Interviewer: Any, any kind of wood could be lightered? It doesn't have to be a 794: No, it has to be a rich lighted pine for the, for the start your fire with the splinters and then you cut larger pieces for pine to go on it course you can burn any kind of wood any kind of hard wood or pine wood either. but uh pine wood is not good for the keep fires with you, it's good uh to start your fires with you start them quicker with pine wood than you can with any kind of hard wood but you use hard wood for uh wood for to put in the fire place you know keep your fire wood Oak or Gum Maple Elder Hickory, Beech. Any kind of hard wood that'll work. Interviewer: What would you call a big piece of wood that you could set towards the back of the fireplace? 794: Back stick. Call that the back stick, yeah. Interviewer: And the black stuff that forms in the chimney is called uh? 794: Is which? Interviewer: The black stuff that forms 794: Oh, oh that's the soot, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: the soot yeah. Interviewer: What do you shovel out of the fireplace? 794: The do what? Interviewer: What do you shovel out of the 794: Oh, uh uh small shovel just a little shovel. Interviewer: What do you take out with it? 794: The the ashes. Take ashes out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They'd take the ashes out with a shovel. Interviewer: Tell me about um, things that you'd have in a house, this thing here is called a? 794: Well that's a uh the back of a chair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Call that the back of a chair. What's something longer than a chair that three or four people could sit on? 794: Oh um What you call a sofa? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Divan? 794: No it's not a sofa either, what you call this thing here? Aux: I don't know, couch. 794: Couch. Aux: I guess so. 794: Yeah call it a couch I believe. Interviewer: What's the difference between a sofa and a couch? 794: Well I don't know I don't know there's any. Interviewer: What did you used to call it? 794: Well sometimes we'd call it a sofa and sometimes we'd call it couch. All about the same thing. Just about the same. Interviewer: What sort of things did people have in their bedroom to keep their clothes in? 794: Well uh they used to have uh I can't think of it right now. They uh {NS} No uh, a dresser, dresser. They have a dresser, yeah. They call it a dresser and slip uh little shelves in to put their clothes in. And uh now they have uh clothes closets. Interviewer: That's built in? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: Did a dresser have drawers in it? 794: Yeah it had drawers to it yeah. Three drawers to it. Interviewer: Did it have a mirror? 794: Yeah it had a mirror to it, had three drawers to it and a mirror to it. Interviewer: Was there anything like a dresser that didn't have a mirror it, that was just drawers? 794: Well uh wardrobe had dresser to it and uh chest of drawers, some chest of drawers have- Interviewer: What did a wardrobe look like? 794: Well it's uh Don't we have a wardrobe here? Aux: Yeah it's over there in the corner. 794: #1 Come on, come on and let me show # Interviewer: #2 Could you, could you make # 794: #1 {X} I'll show you I can't tell you # Aux: #2 No, {X} that's just got drawers in it. # 794: Yeah it's got drawers in it. Interviewer: You, you can't hang your clothes up in it? Aux: No. 794: #1 No don't, no don't think you can. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Do you ever see something that you could hang your clothes up in? 794: Well um clothes closet. You can hang your clothes up in that. And uh, wardrobe I believe. I believe that's about all. Interviewer: What about a chifforobe or an armoire? 794: Well a chifforobe you can hang your clothes up in that. Interviewer: How's a chifforobe different from a wardrobe? 794: Well I don't believe I could tell you. {NW} I don't believe I could tell you that. I don't know as there's any difference any just difference in the name is all. Interviewer: If you wanted to buy a table or chair or a sofa, what kind of store would you go to? 794: Go to hardware. Interviewer: What about nowadays? 794: Huh? Interviewer: What about nowadays? 794: Well I don't know, we didn't have {X} here at Winnfield, the name of that you see, we just called them hardware, and furniture, hardware and furniture stores. Yeah that's all we kind of stores we had here we used anything like that you know get any kind of furniture you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's in the house, or. That or a hardware, either one. Interviewer: Something on rollers that you could put up in a window and pull down #1 to keep out the # 794: #2 Shades. # Interviewer: Huh? 794: Shades. Interviewer: Okay. And the top of the house is called the 794: Well you call that the top of the house now you call this the eve of the house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then, and the and up at the at the top is is the steeple Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Steeple of the house. Interviewer: Or the covering is called the? 794: Well that's Well some call it the housetop, some called it the covering. But uh In the old time they called it the the cover of it they called it the boards on the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if you had to if your house was leaking you'd have to get up on the 794: Yeah and, and patch those leaks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Put a new board in, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 Put a new- # put a new board in there. Interviewer: You say you'd have to get up on the 794: Yeah I'd have to get up on the ladder Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 794: #2 You'd- # have to have a ladder you see, I have some ladders sure you, you gotta own a ladder. Climb up on top of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, something along the edge that you could carry the water, that could carry the water off? 794: W- well they call them a gutter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Gutter. I have that here on my door step over each one of them. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. That's # 794: #2 That's the gutter. # Interviewer: That fastens onto the 794: Yeah that carries the water off to the end of the house you see but if you want uh barrels to catch it in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Why you can fix it to where it'll run into the barrel. Now I have three barrels here at the back of my house where I catch it. And uh Course this gutter where you'll the the end is where it carries water into the barrel is lower you see than the other one is. Interviewer: The room at the top of the house between up above the ceiling is called the 794: Well the um Now the summer houses if they had bedrooms up called upstairs building Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh {NS} Interviewer: What about just up the just 794: #1 Up, up # Interviewer: #2 up the stairs. # 794: up above the loft is what they call that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Above the loft. Interviewer: The loft is just under the? 794: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Under the what? 794: Well You mean under the loft? Interviewer: Well what Where is the loft? 794: Oh that's overhead. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's overhead, that's this part here you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's what you call eh the loft. Uh {NW} Course I have a loft here and uh on the porches and then a loft in the hall and over the bedrooms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course now there's some buildings that they build up high that they have uh two story buildings you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They call that upstairs. {NS} Interviewer: If you have a, a house in an L, what do you call the place where they come together? 794: L? Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Well-uh, {NW} {X} Joining The L joining the main house, you see, that's what they call the L. Uh, L joining. Uh. The main house or the bedroom either one. Interviewer: Up on the top of the house though, there's a low place where they come together. 794: Oh that's uh oh um gutter. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Where they put the gutter, yeah. Interviewer: And what's another name for the covering on the house? 794: Well you can put shingles on the houses, that's a for they um used to make it these shingle bills, you see. That's smaller than boards course that, that is uh uh not split, it's kind of sawed open like. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And that's shingles. This is what you call boards, and that's called shingles. And a course now they they put different tops on course they put uh metal roofing on some, what they call sheet iron. And uh Interviewer: They put metal? 794: Yeah metal, metal roofing. {NS: phone rings} You call it sheet iron, and I have sheet iron on this house. Now {NS: phone rings} {NS} Then I have some houses out here that I have aluminum {NS: phone rings} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Metal on. Interviewer: You have some houses out there? 794: Yes I have a little house out here {NS: phone rings} I'll you go look at what we call a camp house. We got uh, we got uh {NS: phone rings} a old time wood stove, cast iron wood stove in it Interviewer: A-huh. {NS} 794: And a and a little porch out to it and the floor of the porch is out of brick made out of brick. And course in the house why we have it floored. Mm-hmm. It's a hu- little old house. And uh we have us cast iron wood stove in there, wife can cook some time or we bake my potatoes out there, sweet potatoes. Interviewer: {NW} 794: Go out there some time we cook corn bread, collar greens when we have them you know Any kind of vegetable you can cook anything you know, a course that's the only kind of stove people used to have. Course before they got these stoves you see they cooked on fireplaces. And they'd have um a rod of iron run up about that high from there at the {D: hess} of the fireplace across there and it'd have hooks a thing with hooks on up here and then one down here to put the They're um cooking vessels on. Put the water kettle on or the pots on. Called them pots you know to put the greens and all in. Big old iron pots, we have some of those now too. And then we have we have a cast iron, a big old cast iron uh water kettle right there she has flowers in it. And there's a little bird building its nest in there. In that kettle in there now. Interviewer: What kind of bird's building a nest? 794: It's uh little wrens, little wren birds. We have all kinds of birds here, we have the the red bird and we had times we have blackbirds, robins, jay birds blue birds. And uh And eh- some calls them woodchucks, some calls them peckerwood. Some calls them redheads, they're different now they're the kind that pecks on timber, you see. And we have quails, {D: felarks} robins thrashers mockingbirds oh we have I don't know how many different kind of birds we have here. Course now these blackbirds they stay here in the wintertime. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Mostly them and the robins too. And then we have a quail here and a {D: felark} and a dove. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well we have a lot of different kind of birds Interviewer: What do What would you call a little room off the kitchen? Where you could store canned goods and things. 794: Uh. I believe you'd call it a closet. That is what uh Put your Like you had canned goods or anything like that in closet I believe they'd call it. Interviewer: Say if you had a lot of old worthless things like old broken down furniture that wasn't any good anymore, what might you call that? 794: Well uh I really don't know what you'd call that um uh You mean uh furniture or plow tools or which? Interviewer: Just anything that 794: #1 Anything thataway? # Interviewer: #2 That's getting worn out # and you didn't have much use for it. 794: Well Let me see what would we call that Interviewer: You'd say that's not good anymore, that's just 794: Mm-hmm. I'll have to think a minute that some things slip my memory now and then a Interviewer: Would you call something like that rubbish or plunder or junk or 794: Well you call it junk mostly. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: I I suppose that's junk like that uh that you'd throwed away you see and plow tools or sometimes wagons or uh stalk cutters I have an old time stalk cutter out here. Interviewer: What's that? 794: That's what you cut corn stalks and cotton stalks with, you put horses and mules to it and pull it it had wheels to it and it has uh has a lever. You you can raise it up off of the ground or you can let it down. and uh {X} it'll turn, got blades cross this way and it'll turn them about that far about and turn and cut these corn stalks. or cotton stalks or you can cut small bushes with them, either one. Course now for things like that they have bush hogs, what you call a bush hog you see. to cut goes round and round and pulls over tractors. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And And uh There different kind of plow tools There's middle busters turning plows Georgia stalked double stalked side hairs spring toothed hairs middle busters and training plows. Cotton planters, corn planters, fertilizer distributors. Interviewer: What does a double stalked look like? 794: Well that's uh that's like a Georgia stalk except it has uh two uh peak to it Interviewer: #1 What's a Georgia # 794: #2 Two uh # Two, two beams and uh, and and two feet and and you, and you put a plow you can put a half shell on to shovel and sweep or saw and sweep either one you see. And then we have a middle buster we'd break land with a big heavy middle buster. I have a sixteen inch middle buster out here it takes two pretty good sized horses to pull it where you're breaking it in. Then I have ten inch middle buster here that I can cultivate land with. I can take the middle buster off of it And I can put uh, a half shovel on it or a shovel and a sweep and I can set it any way that I want to. To throw the dirt back over to it or throw the dirt forest either way. But I'm the only one that I know of that's got a plow stalk that like that I bought that the year twenty-two from the hardware here at Winnfield. Interviewer: What do you call the animals that you can plow with? 794: Horses mules Interviewer: What would you call two of those hitched up together? 794: Which? Interviewer: Two of those mules hitched up together? 794: ye- uh Well uh well uh Oh if you had mules hooked up together course they're they're male and female you see horse mules, mare mules. And the same way about horses eh- like a horse, gelded horse are married together any way you want to thataway. Interviewer: So if you had two working together you'd #1 say you have a # Interviewer: #2 double # 794: double team double team. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: They call that the double team. A pair. You'd call them a pair, a pair of horses a pair of mules. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And you put them to plow you call them a a double plow that's a middle buster. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And course a double stalk, one horse can pull that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You put two hay {D: shillers} on and go down and throw two thirds at a time this way and throw them back this way and bed your land or plow the middles out either one well. Interviewer: What do you call the horse that walks in the front? If you have two horses. 794: Well um That'd be one and one middle. And one and the other one and that's one side on the other, the other on the other side of the row. And that'd be in the middle you see it you'd plow with a with a plow that is for like a middle buster. like being ground up. Thataway. And uh The same thing about a uh stalk cutter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah yeah you put a pair of them with a stalk cutter One'll walk in one middle you might say on the right side of the row one in the middle on the left side of the row. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That is one on each side of the row. Interviewer: A room that could be used to store odds and ins in. 794: Do which? Interviewer: A room you could use to put things in that uh you didn't really need. 794: Well We'd call it a store room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Just call it the store room. Interviewer: What about a junk room or lumber room? 794: Well you can call it junk, you can call it junk room where you go put stuff that ain't no good you see you call that a junk room or uh Where you put stuff is that's valuable call that a store room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A woman would say if her house was in a big mess she'd say she had to If her house was dirty and messy she'd say she had to do what? 794: Sweep it. Sweep the floors, or clean it up, dust it. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Du- Gotta dust it or sweep the floors. Interviewer: What would she sweep with? 794: A broom. Interviewer: Say if the broom was in the corner and the door was open so that the door was kind of hiding the broom, you'd say the broom was where? 794: Well you'd say the broom is in the corner or over next to the door or at the side of the wall either one. Interviewer: Or if the door is open so that the door is hiding 794: Oh it's behind the door {NW} Behind the door {NW} Interviewer: And on a two story house to get from the first floor to the second floor what would you have? 794: Upstairs Interviewer: How would you get upstairs? 794: You'd have uh steps steps to walk up. Stair steps, what ya called stair steps. Interviewer: Would you call what you happen to point to the ground stair steps? 794: Door steps. Interviewer: And if you wanted to hang up a picture you'd take a nail and a 794: Nail right it in the wall Interviewer: With a 794: with a hammer. Interviewer: You'd say I took the 794: hammer and drive the nails in the wall to hang the picture. Interviewer: If the nail didn't get in far enough you'd say it's got to be 794: drive it. Drive it further, or deeper. Interviewer: It's, somebody has, it's got to be what in further. 794: Yeah further it's got to drove deeper in the wall. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Deeper in the wall. Interviewer: A-huh. Someone talking about driving a car. If someone doesn't know how to drive, you'd say he has never 794: Never learned to drive. Interviewer: He has never what a car? 794: Never operated a car, or never learned to drive it, that's what the old way, learned to drive or now they mostly call that a not learned to operate, or can't operate a car. Interviewer: And you'd say that was the first time he'd ever 794: Operated one or ever drove one. Interviewer: A huh. 794: The first time he'd ever drove one. Interviewer: And if there was a log across the road you say um there's a log across the road that someone had 794: Cut it out. Interviewer: And had what it off? 794: Cut it out of the road. Interviewer: And had done 794: drug it out. Cut into it and drug it out of the road. Interviewer: And years ago on Monday when we would get all the dirty clothes together and they'd do the 794: Wash. {X} Wash the clothes. {C: laughing} Interviewer: What would they do on Tuesday? 794: This is? Interviewer: What would they do the next day after they had washed? 794: Well uh the- the- they'd starch them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and iron them. Starch and iron. Interviewer: What would they call the big thing they'd have out in the yard to boil the clothes in? 794: A wash pot. Interviewer: Would you ever call that a kettle? 794: We uh no, no. Didn't call that a kettle. That thing you boil water in is a kettle you see. That's for to make coffee or anything like that. Interviewer: #1 Like that. # 794: #2 Like this, yeah. # But uh this is uh like that there But where they put your clothes in To boil the water and put your clothes in and put your clothes in there and boil them that's what they call a wash pot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's a big large round pot you see. Larger than a than a tub is. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Course the difference size tub you see number one and two and three and then course what we have what we call a foot tub you see people used to wash their feet in. Interviewer: Nowadays if you had to if your clothes were dirty you could send them to the 794: Laundry. Interviewer: Did people used to say laundry back then? Would they ever say I have to do my laundry? 794: Yeah. Have to do my laundry. Or send them to the laundry. Interviewer: Did they used to say that? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: And on some houses you have boards that lap over the outside like this 794: Yeah Interviewer: That's called? 794: Oh uh well some called it a ship lap and some call it a drop edge but uh the boards where you drop over the bottom part over the top part you see you start in a little slant this way and then you put your other on that what they call the drop over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about siding or weather board? 794: Well the weather boarding that's uh what they call a gable end. That's a above that logs share that mean walls. And and and that they've put that up there weatherboard or some call it a weatherboard and some call it a gable end. Interviewer: There's, that's up above the 794: Yeah that's up above the main logs at the end of the house. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Yeah they call that the the gable. Gable end. Interviewer: If the door was open and you didn't want it to be, you'd ask somebody to? 794: Shut it or close it. Interviewer: Okay. And a little building that you could use for storing wood? What would you call a little building you could store wood in? 794: Well some call it the wood shed. And some call it the wood house. Interviewer: Which would you call it? 794: Well I have it, the way I had it is woodsheds, I have a wood shed on each side of my car house yonder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then I'd have a wood shed at one end of my car house. The opposite end from where I drive my car or truck in at. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is a shed different from a house? 794: No it's connected to the house. A shed is connected to the house you see, just like a porch is to a dwelling house. Interviewer: Before they had bathrooms inside what did they call the buildings that they had outside? 794: Well They didn't have many buildings cause you take baths in outside thataway They generally would go in the kitchen Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And heat the water on the stove you see and they'd have to take them in a wash tub didn't even have bathtubs then Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they finally got to where they build a made bathtubs out of zinc zinc bathtubs, and of course they'd uh they'd build them uh a bathroom an- an- an- they'd put them in there you see and some would have to carry the water out dip it out and pour it out but they finally got to where they'd drill holes in the the walls you see and take a pipe that runs out there just like they do there kinda like they do the bathing rooms now, bathrooms Interviewer: What would they have for the toilets? Where would, where would the toilets be? 794: Well Uh they'd they'd be out away from the house they'd build uh- some little uh toilet out away from the house Interviewer: What would they call it? 794: Well they'd call that the uh toilet I believe. Interviewer: Any other names? 794: I believe that's all they called it, outdoor toilet Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Outdoor toilet. Interviewer: Do y'all have one of those? 794: Yeah I have one back out here now I had build year thirty thirty-three I believe. And we still have it here. What we did dig a bigger hole Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Course there, there's old time toilets that didn't have no hole built they just had a place up you know where, where you'd have to clean them out or either let the rain come and wash them out if you had any place where the water could run to wash them but the one we have now they build them in thirty-three. They dig a big hole And then they'd take uh hard Cyprus lumber and they'd build a box to go down in this hole against the wall Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then build you a floor in it except where uh, your toilet you sit on you see and that ho- that went down into the hole there it and uh so and from on from that well they got to building bathrooms you see. And toilets, they call them. Interviewer: What different buildings would be on a farm? What different kinds of animals would you have and where would they be kept? 794: Well you'd have uh horses mules cows hogs goat, sheep and the poultry you'd have chicken ducks geese turkeys guineas and all such a like that. Interviewer: Where would you keep all these animals? Where would each of them #1 stay? # 794: #2 Well um # Oh we generally just let them mostly out just around the place course with uh where you had a garden you had to have uh a high fence around it to keep the chickens from flying over it you see and uh some of the chicken you'd take take a pair of scissors and cut the the feathers off under the wings to where they couldn't fly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course some people they'd take them and pull the feathers out but they'd grow back you know but that there a whole lot of misery about that punished them a whole lot. and a course you'd have uh your hogs, you'd have a pasture to put them in and have a pasture to put your horses in, your cows, your goats, your sheep before we had them we mostly always had open range just like in here and you let your cows and your hogs, your goats, sheep everything that way run out in the woods. Course we and uh Interviewer: Do they still have open range here? 794: No, no we have stock law here now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: No, no cattle, hogs goats, sheep or nothing in the woods here now We have a cattle ranch here. Interviewer: What would the different buildings be on a farm? What different buildings do you have out here? 794: Well we had what we called a smokehouse, that's to put meat in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then a potato house to put potatoes in and then we had uh a house build to put fruit in, people used to put their fruit in in in jars you see, fruit jars they'd cook and put in fruit jars and they'd put out in a building that way that's what they called a fruit house. And then the barn's where they keep the horses and the cows and then a most people didn't have a uh oh uh stalls to put the cows in. They'd just build a shed for them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But they'd mostly build stalls for to keep their horses and mules in have to keep them separate you see since for some time they'd fight each other Interviewer: Hmm, the mules and the #1 cows? # 794: #2 yeah uh uh, the mules and the horses # fight a course they wouldn't keep the cows with the mules or the horses one but you keep the horses and mules together but you keep the cows separate Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then you keep the goats separate. And then you keep the sheep separate from them. Interviewer: What did y'all have goats for? 794: Well Uh, for several different purposes. Uh one thing to keep the undergrowth eat down around your place and another thing for the fertilize. Barnyard fertilize. And then a lot of people likes goat to eat to butcher them you see. And a course these sheep they'd butcher them sometimes course they'd use keep to use them for fertilize and then they'd sheer them you see that's wool make wool clothes and things like out of them. But I never did use keep any sheep here I kept goats here and uh some goats was milk goats. Different fine blade goats you know uh Toggenburg milk goats and the Nubian Interviewer: Did you have those? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Did you have those? 794: Yeah I- I- I didn't have the Nubian I had the Toggenburg Oh I had some fine milk goats here you know most the goats about quarter half a gallon of milk as much as they give but I had one here give five quarts of milk a day. Milk her twice a day, feed her good you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: She was a large goat. And then I had uh kind a goats here that you just butchered you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: What they called a Nubian they uh Saanen goat and then there's some kind of a goat they call just a common little old woods goat that they're small though. uh they'd rest about fifteen to thirty pounds a piece. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But these that I had here these um Saanen goats they'd grow up to seventy-five to eighty and ninety pounds Interviewer: How big were the Nubian goats? 794: A Nubian goat is is a milk goat, they're a pretty good size goat too. They're about like the Toggenburg goat is. Interviewer: Where would you store corn? 794: Uh in a crib. Interviewer: Was that part of the barn or? 794: That's part of the barn, yeah, we called that the crib. Interviewer: Where was grain stored? 794: Grain? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well That that is stored in the crib. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a grainery or a granery? 794: No. Interviewer: And if you cut the hay off a piece of land and enough grew back so you could cut it again the same year? 794: Yeah.{NW: phone rings} Interviewer: You'd call that the? 794: Yeah, well you'd call it the second cutting, call it the second cutting. Interviewer: When you cut the hay and you let it dry, you rake it up in little piles, did you ever hear a name for those little piles? 794: Yeah, you'd leg it up and pile it, you can haul it in thataway {NS} or you can bale it, you see, what they call baling you have balers that presses it together and uh you put wire around it or grass strings around it to hold the bales they'd put about they they they'd bale it they'd put enough in there to make a little piece about that wide they'd call that a pad. And uh then they put about seven seven pads Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to the bale. Interviewer: What, what did they used to do before they would bale it? 794: Well they'd just cut it and rake it up and haul it and put it in their barns just loose hay thataway. Interviewer: What did they call the little piles that they'd have raked up? 794: Well I believe they'd I believe they'd call them piles, piles of hay little piles of hay that's what they called it. Interviewer: How could they leave the hay outside? 794: Well they couldn't, couldn't leave it out only just uh there they'd cut it you see they'd leave it out long enough for the sun to shine on it and cure it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh where it uh wouldn't uh wouldn't uh go to bad you see uh mildew or something when you haul it in If you haul it in too green they'll that'll be they'll go through a heat and it forms a poisoning and it won't do for stock to eat it. You'll have to leave it out in the sun and cure it and where you just haul it in loose hay thataway or um where you bale it up put it in bales. and people used to cut uh they raise uh peas. And they'd cut them and and they'd let them cure and haul that in throw it up sometimes they'd have a crib put in and have lofts put in overhead thataway. Interviewer: They'd put it up in the? 794: in the, in the loft like yeah. And uh they used to cut sorghum, save it thataway of course a lot of people they'd make uh syrup out of sorghum cane you see just like they would sugarcane and uh they raise uh some of what they'd call was larger than sorghum it wasn't as sweet a cane as sorghum it was called {D:say grain}. Interviewer: {D:say grain}? 794: Yeah they they they'd cut the tops out of that it had seed on it piece about that large and that's fine feed and then they'd cut the stalks of it for uh for feed and uh what planted in rich land it grew large uh stalks they'd pull the fogger off from that the blades you see and save that for eat well they'd do corn the same way when the corn got uh the ears on it got matured enough they'd shuck them again to turn brown and uh finally got cured enough they'd go in there with their hands and they'd strip that down and tie it up in little what they call a hands and they'd take these, about three of these little hands and when it cured and and put them together and uh put a piece of wire around it and tie it {D: and called it a bundle} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {X} Interviewer: What would they do with the bundles then? 794: Huh? Interviewer: What would they do with the bundles? 794: Well they they'd haul them into the barn and feed them to the stock. Interviewer: Were they ever piled up together? 794: Yeah, well um Yeah when they when they hauled in the barn they would course when they when they um uh bundled it up, tied it up in the field thataway like they'd have uh uh four rows they'd throw it over here and then get over here and four throw four over here. They'd call that the heap row. And then they'd take the wagon and go between these you see and #1 haul it in and put it there in the bottom. # Interviewer: #2 the, the heap row was # where they had? 794: Where they had their fire you see, call that the heap row. Interviewer: Um, you could take maybe a pole and, and set it in the ground and put the hay all around 794: Yeah, yeah you could do that some people did that they they shock it, what they call shock it. They they they'd shock it in the field and uh but uh we never did shock very much we always had plenty of barns to uh to put uh our hay and stuff in the feed and we scarcely ever did shock any in the field at all. Interviewer: But what did the shock look like? How would you shock that? 794: Well it's just uh, just a bunch of uh hay a {X} just piled up I would take a pole would take a pole a long pole about eight, six or eight foot high or long and would stand it up this way and we'd nail pieces across thisaway and across thisaway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And we'd put the fogger on that you see, so the air could get through it. If it wasn't cured good Interviewer: Mm-hmm, you'd put the fogger on that? 794: A-huh. Interviewer: Would you put hay? 794: Yeah I'd put hay thataway too sometimes. But uh not very much we mostly we'd uh let the hay cure and haul it in and put that in the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh Friday we'd leave it out thataway sometime well we would hay uh- if uh in case we didn't have time to haul it in. Interviewer: Where would you keep hogs? 794: Hogs? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well We'd keep uh some in a pasture, we'd keep some in the pen. Interviewer: What kind of pen? 794: A well uh it'd be a rail pen, built out of rail, timber, sawed out of split rails like they used to build f- fences with Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and uh some they'd uh if they has a big hog a hog that's bad that tries to tear out they'd take poles and notch them down at the corners and take and uh a notch them down and cut a little gap and slip them over each other thataway and they'd build up high enough where they couldn't climb over the fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and uh some would build them a little shed in the corner of it so if they it uh they'd have a place to sleep in there during the bad weather, rainy weather, and cold weather and all. Interviewer: What about uh cows, where could you shut a cow up to milk her or separate her from the calf? 794: Well uh some of them {NW} we'd milk them right out in the pen cows in general. Interviewer: What kind of pen? 794: Just a, just a we call them a cow pen, it's kind of a lot like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And some they would put them in a stall to milk them and uh before we'd feed them we'd have to put them in the stalls you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For couldn't put a whole bunch together thataway. And we'd have separate stalls like they generally do at the dairies and uh feed them thataway and milk them in there but just they uh the common cow is what we call a woods cow where they didn't give very much milk at uh we just milked those out in in the pens that way course we had sheds you see in the wintertime you see milk them and then had troughs there we'd put feed in them maybe feed uh put it inside a shed you have a long trough maybe you could milk the highest three like on the same shed you see. And let them eat out of the same trough and put one feed here and one here and on thataway see, separate Interviewer: Where would you keep the chickens? 794: Well we we'd build little houses to keep them in call it chicken house. Interviewer: A-huh. What about for the mother hen and the biddies? 794: Well we'd have to build {D: coogs} chicken {D: coogs} for the little biddies the thing that had the little biddies we'd build what we call {D: coogs} for them chicken {D: coogs} Interviewer: #1 where # 794: #2 and keep # keep them in there till they got large enough to run around out with the large chickens, you see. Interviewer: How would you build a {D: coog}? 794: Well You'd um you'd take a building kinda like the shape of a top of a house thisaway and take a piece and build it up thisaway and of course you'd fix each end to it you see it's kind of like the shape of a house and a gable end of the house thataway Interviewer: Pointed. 794: But we didn't have flooring in them, just put them on the ground you see. Interviewer: And they'd have to stay in there? 794: Yeah they'd have to stay in there. And uh Course now up in the day time pretty weather They'd let them out you see so they could eat grass and scratch around but in bad weather kept them in these {D: coogs} all the time Interviewer: If you wanted to make a hen start laying, what could you put in her nest to fool her? 794: Well you'd fit um different kind of, of feed course way back them days they'd feed them uh corn and uh cornbread scraps from the table different kinds of scrap meat uh bread and all you know. Interviewer: What could you put in a nest though #1 to make her start? # 794: #2 Well they'd they'd # Back them days they put pine straw in there Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Take pine straw and make them a nest out of it and put it in a box or something. And make a nest out of pine straw. Interviewer: Did you ever see a, an egg put in the nest, to get her to? 794: Yeah, put a egg in there. to make the old hen sometime go in there to set and to hatch these little chickens uh- of course uh some chickens, some old hens, they'd steal a nest off in the woods. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And build their nest there {NS} And raise a bunch of chickens And uh I would, would build uh put boxes in the chicken houses for them to lay in and and they they they'd sit in there. and raise their chickens Interviewer: If you had a real good set of dishes, your dishes might be made out of? 794: China. Interviewer: What would you call an egg made out of that? 794: A egg you mean? Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Well I really don't know I never did see none that egg made out of it. Interviewer: Well, you could call it a {X} 794: {X} Interviewer: Huh. 794: Well uh dishes you see are mostly made out of what you call China. Interviewer: A-huh. Well an egg made out of that, it wouldn't be a plastic #1 egg, it'd be a # 794: #2 No, uh-uh, no. # No uh I don't know if if that egg shell I don't know where you'd make anything out of that or not {X} Interviewer: No, no I mean an artificial egg, made out of China. 794: Well, I really don't know what that artificial egg is made out of. Unless it's some kind of a plastic. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I suppose that's what just like these plastic jugs is that they have milk in now. Interviewer: Did you ever see one made out of China? 794: No I never did. Never did. Interviewer: What would you call a hen on a nest of eggs? 794: Setting hen. Interviewer: A-huh. {NW} And when you're eating chicken, the bone like this? 794: Pulley bone. Interviewer: Any stories about that? 794: Well uh the only thing I ever heard about it Uh uh- if you eat the pulley bone and uh the one that's sitting next to you as you take to hold this pulley bone on the table and let the other one reach and get one part of it and you hold the other one and you break that {X} And and the one that gets the shortest part Let me see how that was na- I kinda forgotten that now Oh yeah Yeah the one that got the shortest part that's the first one, that's the one that got married first That's the way it was {NW} Interviewer: Um 794: There's a whole lot of both sides I forgot, I used to know every one of them but I forgotten some of them. {NS} Interviewer: The fenced in place around the barn where the animals can walk around? 794: Well uh yes out in the lot, in the lot like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh course we've had uh sheds built around our barn We used to keep the right smartest stock and we'd always um keep a good stall shone with warm places and dry places for stead and we uh would build a barn like this room here and one here and we'd have a halls to them and then we'd build uh sheds all around it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and some of those sheds we'd we'd weatherboard up for stalls like and some of them we'd leave open {X} and dry when it rains. Interviewer: What would you call a place where they have a lot of milk cows? 794: Dairy. Interviewer: A-huh. Did you ever hear the word dairy used to mean anything else, besides a commercial farm? 794: No uh they used to have dairies here at Winnfield this side of Winnfield Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A doctor there of the name of Fitz, Doctor Fitz, he had a dairy there and um they'd have uh large sheds and then they'd have uh stalls for to put the cows in to milk them, to feed them and milk them Interviewer: Where did y'all keep milk and butter, to keep it from turning bad? 794: Well back those days we had to uh to put it in a tub of water and put it in vessels, you see, and we set that down in a tub of water. And uh we'd draw the water out of the well course we had just uh a rope and a pulley you see to draw it out then with and we put the milk in there and let it stay there 'til this water began to get kinda warm milk warm or something like that, we'd pour that out and put fresh water in it to keep it cool all the time we didn't have ice them days, to put it in and uh, that's the way, the only way they had to keep the milk and the butter and all thataway. Interviewer: Where would you keep potatoes and turnips during the winter, how would you keep them? 794: Uh potatoes, well we'd put the potatoes in the bank what we call a potato bank. Build up soil like the shape of a chicken {D: coog} and we'd have a shed over it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh the turnips we'd keep them in the ground. We wouldn't pull them up only if we used them, you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And we still do that here. Interviewer: When do 794: Turnips and mustard and stuff like that, and onions Interviewer: A-huh. 794: we keep them in the ground in the winter, one kind you do, and then the other kind you take them up and put them in sheds you see Interviewer: A-huh. If you were growing um, if you raised a lot of cotton, you'd say this year we had a good 794: Cotton crop. Interviewer: And the cotton would grow out in the 794: In the fields. Interviewer: What's something smaller than a field? 794: Well uh Just patches like they'd call them or a potato patch or a small corn patch or of course you could make it a small cotton co- patch either one. Interviewer: How big is a patch? 794: Well that's from you might say from a half to uh up to three acres, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: something like that. Interviewer: What sort of um, work do, when you're raising cotton, you go out there and you have to thin the cotton out? 794: Yeah you chop it out, it's what you call chopping, chop your cotton out you see you plant it with a planter and uh real thick and and you chop it out the distance you want for the part some folks chops it out uh one whole width or two whole width apart and some chopped it out further than that Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Now I used to raise right smart cotton. But I chopped my cotton out two foot apart. One stalk in a place, sometime two but mostly one And had my, my uh rows with the cotton planted on from uh three to three and a half foot apart. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And I finally got to putting it four foot apart. and uh and putting my rows, what we call a drill four foot apart. And I made more cotton and and uh then I'd top my cotton Hello there Pepper, come on come on {NW} come on he he's a pet dog but he's, he's a funny kind of a dog, sometimes you mush him up he thinks you're scolding him and he'll go the other way and he wouldn't come back at all, and sometimes he'll come right up and wrap on you and play with you like everything Uh Interviewer: What kind? 794: He- He's what you call a Chesterfield. His daddy is a Chesterfield and of course he's a Feist, a full blooded Feist, but his daddy is a Chesterfield all a simpler dog but they're kind of a peculiar dog. Interviewer: What does a Chesterfield look like? 794: Well uh something like him. And some of them's larger. I never did see one of them. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: There's a nephew of mine, or a nephew of uh that married one of my nieces, he give me that dog lived down near Alexander. And he brought that dog to me and told me says, Father, this dog is what they call a Chesterfield dog, says they're an awful smart dog and they're good for most anything. He's for squirrel, rabbits or armadillos Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or most anything thing thataway or coon or possum. Interviewer: Is a Feist a breed of dog or? 794: A-huh, yeah. yeah it's uh see there's different breeds of dogs. There's Feist dogs There's curry dogs, there's hound dogs, there's bull dogs. Interviewer: What's a curry dog? 794: Well that's a, what you call a stock dog, a regular stock a dog for to handle cattle and hogs sheep and most anything thataway with. You can train them you see You can train them to go in the woods and you can train them to pen stock with Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Or you can train them to catch them with Interviewer: Does it have any, is there any particular size or does it look? 794: Well uh uh stock dog need to be a pretty good size so if they catch a cow or a hog that they're large enough to hold them. You see until you get a hold of them yourself Interviewer: What would you call just a worthless dog, that wasn't any good? 794: Well There's uh several different kind of dogs that sometimes are not any good. And you can take some curry dogs not any good. Some that you can't train them for anything. Some that's got no willpower to do anything, you see and you can take a Feist, some Feist is a thataway and most any any kind of stock dog is thataway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kinds of grass grows up in the cotton field? 794: A well boll weevils Caterpillars Interviewer: Well what kinds of grass? 794: Grass Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Oh crab grass. Mostly crab grass course now there's some people's had Bermuda grass in there but they don't want this Bermuda grass but it- it- it gets in there anyway some time. And land's hard to cultivate with Bermuda grass or Johnson grass, either one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But in, in the hills this way it's mostly crab grass. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: But uh you can get rid of that. Uh well you you plow that under turn it under well it don't come out you see. But the Johnson grass or the Bermuda grass will. The only way you can kill that is to plow right up and let the sun shine on that and kill it or uh or put some some kind of stuff in there to kill it you see Interviewer: What different kinds of fences did people used to have? 794: Rail fence. Had rail fence. There they'd uh build a fence kinda like this Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Lay the rails across then thisaway and on thataway, crooked like Interviewer: What would, when you lay down the first layer. 794: That's uh the fence rail. uh uh the uh ground rail. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: #1 the ground rail. # Interviewer: #2 Any other name for that? # 794: Uh yeah. Worm rail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Call it the worm rail. Interviewer: Would you ever call it a worm fence? 794: No we never called it the worm fence, just called it the worm rail of the fence. Interviewer: When you want to make it taller, or at the ends of it you drive two rails down in the ground and cross them up at the top? 794: Yeah cross them at the top and then and then put a rail in a in this cross up at the top yeah well we used to do that when we'd have horses ready to jump or tear down the fence or cows either one. We, we'd uh build that fence about twelve rails high Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And then we'd put these uh rail a rail at two rails at each corner across the corners thataway and then put a rail up in that. Interviewer: What's that called? 794: Well um They uh they call that the um cross rail, cross {X} cross rail Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: fence. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a stake and rider? 794: Yeah. Stake and lighter yeah. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Yeah. Yeah you'd put your stakes you see and then you Well a stake and a lighter that's uh that lighter that's a kind of a of a timber it is oh uh tha- tha- that there is uh like pine you see, rich and all. But uh this stake fence it's just called it a stake, the corner stakes you see above the top rail of the fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kinds of fence would you have around your yard? 794: We'd have picket fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Picket. Drove out of a timber you see just like boards is except they'd be longer and be narrow. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And they're pickets. And then we'd have {D:ladden} and nail the pickets to it, set the posts you see. Like those posts out there and then we'd put a {D:ladden} at the bottom about oh four five, three or four inches above the ground and then we'd put one at the top of the post uh close to the top oh about six to eight inches below the top generally we'd make the uh the pickets a little higher than the posts you see for a picket fence. {NS} I rolled out a many one. I used to have a first fence I had around here was a picket fence here and then I had a plank fence. Interviewer: What's a plank fence? 794: That's uh planks sawed just like a oh uh goes on the flooring of a house or any kind of building except you can you want them wider than this course now the other way they used to have the flooring in a house was twelve inches wide. This here floor this has the double flooring. The bottom floor it's twelve inches wide. And uh it- it- it- it's across thisaway. It runs across thisaway long plank, one by twelve and some of them's rich lightered. you can just almost see the rows and running out to put them in the sunshine you know sunshine on them let the resin run out of them. That that's pure heart like what they call lightered heart. Interviewer: This white fence, did it run horizontally like this? 794: Yeah, yeah it run across that way you you you set your post set your post and then you nailed your plank from one post to the other one and you let it come halfway this post you see and so that that the next panel You can nail it half to the post to nail it on. {NS} Interviewer: What kinds of wire fences would people have nowadays? 794: Well some has barbed wire and some has regular fence wire. Uh, some has this they used to have this Elwood wire but they don't have that now. Interviewer: What's Elwood wire? 794: uh it's a kind of heavy wiring and and close bars together Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For uh at the bottom part of it might say up to about thirty about twenty-four to thirty inches rabbit couldn't go through. And on up larger the bars were wider apart. Interviewer: What would you, go ahead. 794: And then they generally put a barbed wire on top of that to keep the stock from going over that you see. Interviewer: What would you call a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock? 794: Well I don't know, I never did see a fence built thataway. {X} Out of rock. I never did see a fence built out of rock. The only thing that I've ever seen a fence built out of is a is rails and lumber and pickets and wire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you carry water in? 794: Well we used to carry it in an old stone jug. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And uh we finally got to carrying glass jugs and then they got to making thermos jugs. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And we carried it in thermos jugs you see put your water in there and some ice in there and that'll keep your your water cold all all through the day you see. Interviewer: What would you draw the water in from the well? 794: In a bucket. Interviewer: What was it made out of? 794: Well way back yonder we used to have a wooden buckets, we'd make them out of cedar timber wooden water buckets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then they got to making uh galvanized buckets. and then they got to making it out of aluminum. Interviewer: What would you milk in? 794: Well uh at mostly uh way back yonder mostly uh what kind of a tin bucket like what we call these big old lard buckets you used to put lard in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They'd hold about five quarts. of milk you see. And they they was ten buckets. Interviewer: What would you carry food to the hogs in? 794: Well we'd call it the slop bucket. Interviewer: And something you'd fry eggs in? 794: A skillet. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 794: Frying pan. Interviewer: What's the difference? 794: Well A skillet is a cast iron Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And a frying pan is lighter material you see, thiner it's not thick like uh a skillet and not made out of cast iron like a skillet is it's a different material you see. Interviewer: A-huh. Did you ever see something like a skillet that had little legs on it? 794: Yeah. Yeah, they called them a dutch oven. Interviewer: What about a spider? 794: A spider? Interviewer: Did you ever hear that? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: If you cut some flowers and wanted to keep them in the house, {NS} what could you put them in? 794: You'd have to ask her about that {NW} aux: Well what would she put them in, mind it? Interviewer: #1 Something that you # 794: #2 Oh a flower vase. # Interviewer: A-huh. 794: A flower vase, yeah. Interviewer: And if you were setting the table, next to each plate for everybody to eat with, you'd give everybody a? 794: Knife and a fork. Interviewer: And a? 794: And a plate. Interviewer: And if you had coffee, you might 794: Cup. Or a saucer. Interviewer: And a 794: And a spoon. Interviewer: And nowadays if you serve steak and it wasn't very tender, you'd have to put out steak 794: and hack it. with with a cleave, take a cleave and hack it. Interviewer: And if you had three people eating, you'd put out three forks and three spoons and 794: And three knives. Interviewer: And if the dishes were dirty, you'd say I have to go 794: Wash them. Interviewer: And after she washes the dishes 794: Dry them or scald them. Interviewer: To get the suds off she 794: Yeah. Interviewer: She ri- 794: You'd rinse them. Interviewer: What do you call the call the cloth or rag you use when you're washing them? 794: Call what? Interviewer: The cloth or rag you 794: Oh, dish rag {NW}, dish rag. Interviewer: What about when you dry them? 794: Drying rag. Interviewer: And to bathe your face with? 794: Towel. Interviewer: And to dry yourself 794: Uh Oh um {X} A bath towel uh bath towel yeah. Interviewer: And 794: And a wash rag. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Call it a wash rag and a bath towel. Interviewer: If you wanted to pour something from a big container into something that had a narrow mouth, to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a? 794: Funnel. Interviewer: And if you were driving horses and you wanted them to go faster you'd hit them with a? 794: A whoop or a switch. A switch or a whoop. Interviewer: Okay. And when you're driving them, you hold the? 794: Lines. Interviewer: What about when you're riding on them? 794: Uh you have uh bridle reins. You you have reins on your bridle. Interviewer: Your feet are in the 794: Is which? Interviewer: Your feet are in? 794: Oh, in your stirrups. Stirrups, yeah. And to make them go fast, if the horse is lazy or slow you use spurs Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And uh Interviewer: Did you ride much? 794: Oh I rode in many when there's with spurs and uh I broke a lot of horses to ride, had them to pitch with me and uh I never did have one to throw me though, I used to be a good rider Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And uh I never did have one to throw me uh uh pitching I've had them fall and stump over direct over me unexpected to me and had one fall through a bridge one time and Interviewer: Mm. 794: threw me over his head but I never did have one to throw me pitching but I've had them pitch with me 'til my nose would bleed it'd pitch so hard with me. Interviewer: Before you 794: And I broke them to plow. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Broke them to work the wagon. Broke them to work the buggy. and broke them to skid logs poles anything I went and broke them to work the cane mills grind cane to cook the juice to make syrup Interviewer: Before you can hitch one to a buggy or wagon, what do you have to do to it? 794: You have to curry him off, take a curry comb and curry him and take a brush and brush him to get the dirt off of him. Interviewer: A-huh. And then you 794: You'd put the collar on, put the bridle on him put the collar on him and put the harness on then fasten the hames Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Fasten the belly band, what they call the belly band. and uh then the wagon, where you work a pair of them while you have strops go from the britching to under the belly here to uh to a pole strop. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And they fasten the flank strop to the pole strop and you fasten this pole strop to the thing to to the breast hook on uh on the end of a wagon tongue Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then you have and then you have the breast change to hold it up you see And and this here pole strop and flank strop is when you're going down a hill pull back on your lines and make your horse pull back sit down kinda like to to hold the wagon and keep them from going so fast I done all that {NW} Interviewer: What do you have the traces fastened onto? 794: Well, well you have them fastened on the hames and then uh and and then you have a back band Interviewer: A-huh. 794: That you fastened on and what you call a belly band. Interviewer: What's a bar of wood that you fasten them onto? 794: Uh a dou- a singletree and a doubletree Interviewer: A-huh. And before you can hitch a horse to a buggy, you back him in between the? 794: Back him into the, the shafts. Or you hook him into it. You back him up into the shaft. Now some horses you can learn them to step over the shafts but there not many of them do that, most of them step on them and break them. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: But you generally {NW} back them into the shafts eh- eh- if they're not bad about stepping onto them but if one don't want to back into the shaft and don't like the shaft uh you have to have someone to hold your shafts up or prop your shafts up 'til you back your horse up right where you want them and then take let these shafts down on each side of him and pull him up a a little piece to put this ah- pieces that's on his back to hold uh shafts up in, and then back him up and fasten your traces. And then your lines and all all that. Interviewer: With the wheels of the wagon, the thing that runs across and holds one wheel to the other is called the? 794: That's the axle. Interviewer: And you have the hub of the wheel and then the spokes come out and what do they fit in? 794: Uh uh they fit in the uh uh the hub Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 The hub of a wheel. # Interviewer: #2 Well coming out from the hub. # 794: Well that's, that's the spokes and that goes into the felloe. And and then uh you take the uh the thimble Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you heat that and you put that down on this and you prize it down in there and then when it uh you get it on there you pour water on it to keep it from burning this wood. Course it's the best to pour linseed oil on it to begin with and uh but there's not many people do that it's too expensive. But uh After you build this one in the summer time dry weather your wagon gets kinda dry you can take uh linseed oil and boil it and and pour it on these wheels and all and that'll tighten the uh spokes into the hub and into the felloe. Interviewer: What goes over the felloe? 794: That's uh oh uh the tire, what they call the tire. 794: {X} It's a guard rail Interviewer: #1 the, the top of it? # 794: #2 Yeah, what they call a guard rail. # You see where they put these props across the corners and put that in there that holds it down that's braces the fence it's uh, it's a guard rail Interviewer: Um, what did flour used to come in? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Flour that you would buy, what would it come in? 794: Well uh it used to come in wood But {NS} you don't get in wood now. You you get it {NS} in uh {NS} you get it in {NS} in paper bags. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is a sack different from a bag? Well it's Well yeah some of it comes in cloth sacks but most of it comes in paper bags. Mm-hmm. 794: But uh they get some of it in cloth sacks now like that used to, large amounts you see. Interviewer: What was, you said it used to come in wood? 794: Uh flour used to come in wood, meal corn meal, what they make corn bread outta, that used to come in uh in in a wood sugar used to come in wood, vinegar come in wood Interviewer: What do you mean it'd come in wood? 794: Well it uh wooden barrels, large barrels, fifty gallon barrels Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well they uh they uh vinegar it come it it come in fifty gallon barrels and some of it ten gallon, ten gallon barrels some five gallon barrels, that's smaller you see. But the flour it mostly came in uh fifty gallon barrels and the meal did too. Course some would come in sack but the most of it came in, in wood. Interviewer: What did you call the things that would run around the barrels, to hold the wood in place? 794: Well it's um Let me see uh hoop Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Tin hoops. Interviewer: And what did nails come in? 794: Well uh they came in uh in wooden kegs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they had these tin hoops around them too. Interviewer: You seen a, a water barrel or a beer keg? 794: Yeah Interviewer: What do you turn to get the liquid out? 794: Faucet. Interviewer: What would you have out in your yard to turn to get water out? 794: Well you have faucets there too. Interviewer: What about at the sink? 794: Well yeah, you have a faucet there. #1 Same thing. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 794: Yeah. Interviewer: And, I think you'd mentioned um, syrup, what else is similar to syrup? 794: Well uh I believe that was all then, that and vinegar vinegar and syrup, that is, in a liquid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well, what's another name for syrup? 794: Molasses. Interviewer: Is there a difference? 794: No, it's it's all the same thing but just different names. People used to call it molasses Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: now they call it syrup. Interviewer: If you, did you ever hear it called long sweetening or short sweetening? 794: Well I guess it'd be uh The long sweetening I guess for it's uh it it it's just as sweet as it it can be, you see. Course the more you put in it just like you'd mix water with the more syrup you put the more sugar you put the sweeter it is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And in the drinks the same way. Interviewer: What would it come in if you'd buy it? 794: What it'd come in now? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Uh, you mean the drinks? Interviewer: No um, syrup or molasses. 794: Syr- syrup or molasses. Well it mostly comes in cans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: In cans, in in tin cans. Buckets. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called a stand? 794: Stand. I don't believe. Interviewer: And, to carry clothes out to hang them on the line, you'd carry them out in a clothes 794: I'd carry them out in a little basket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Clothes basket. Interviewer: And nowadays, if an electric lamp wasn't burning, you'd have to screw in a new 794: Well i- i- if it if it's not a burning you have to, you have to operate on it see to, to pre- prepare it to burn now uh at times we have had hurricanes like here, some here and some put the lights out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And course we couldn't turn it on you see 'til they came and the electricity man came and fixed it but we have an old time uh what you call a coal oil lantern, kerosene and we like that we have two of them here, we have one here and we have one out at the camp house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would um, but if your electric lamp wasn't burning you might have to change the? 794: Uh bulbs in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Sometimes the bulb burns out and sometimes the switch Mm-hmm. uh uh goes wrong you see, something with it. Interviewer: Did you ever see anyone make a lamp, using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? 794: Well uh yes there's uh you can use a rag {NW} and and kerosene that way or uh or if you if your globe gets uh real dirty you use that or soapy water is really the best. wash it out with soapy water with a rag and then then take a dry cloth and dry it out like that. Interviewer: What about, just taking it like a coke bottle and filling that with kerosene and putting a rag down in there, did you ever see anyone? 794: Well you yeah you can do that, you can put a rag in it or you can take this pine straw and put in there just like when you cut your wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Uh uh with a cross cut saw or any kind of saw and you sprinkle that on there on the saw you see take the turpentine off and make your saw run easier and all that if you don't put use this coal oil or kerosene on it {D: uh this resin oil will} cake up on it where you can't polish on it Interviewer: What would you call the lamp that you'd make yourself? 794: It'd do which? Interviewer: What would you call a lamp that you could make yourself? 794: Well I really don't know I believe on that course I never did make one you see a lamp and I never seen one made only at factories. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And I couldn't answer that question. Interviewer: If you opened a bottle and you wanted to close it back up you could stick in a? 794: {X} well uh you can put a cap on it some bottles you see has a cap on it and prize off and you mash that back down on it and some has uh, a cork in it that you can uh you can put that cork back in it. Interviewer: What would, if, if it's made out of glass, would you still call it a cork? 794: Made out of what? Interviewer: If it's made out of glass or #1 rubber # Interviewer: #2 grass? # Glass. 794: Well I suppose you would. Uh course I never seen one you see made out of that but I suppose you could. Interviewer: If it's made, like an old medicine bottle, and it has a glass 794: yeah Interviewer: thing you put in it, would you call it a cork? 794: Yeah, you call that a cork too. You see it's just like they used to make the old coke bottles you know it had a little cork and a little oh uh wire like went up here and you hit that and knock it down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and it spew up. Interviewer: {NW} 794: But uh, you can pull that back up in it but there's generally ever, scarcely ever do the same one you see they put a new one in there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But that, that's a cork too. Now they used to call them stoppers. But uh it and the cork's all the same. Interviewer: Something that people would, a musical instrument you would blow on like this 794: French harp. I have one of them right in there. Interviewer: You have a? 794: Yep, French harp, yeah. And there used to be uh, a juice harp that you played thisaway, {X} {D:left}. Interviewer: Did you play that? 794: I used to did. And uh I don't have a juice harp now but I have a French harp now but I still play it and I used to pick a guitar. Interviewer: {NW} 794: Used to play up {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But I don't play any of that now. I got this uh hand mashed off this finger and then finally got that thumb course after I got this finger mashed off I'd still pick the guitar some but after I got this thumb mashed off I couldn't play it and uh I gave my guitar to my wife uh niece. She's taking music lessons and I gave it to her keep her head in the Bible. Interviewer: Um, if you wanted take some corn to the mill to be ground, what would you call the amount that you could take at one time? 794: Well you could take a bushel you could take a half a bushel, you could take a bushel or you could take two bushels. Way we'd carry it we'd put it in a sack throw it across the saddle, back of the saddle or up in front of the saddle, around the horn of the saddle on a horse and carry it thataway course some people carried it in a wagon some carried it in a buggy. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people call that sack a turn of corn? 794: Yeah. Yeah, turn of corn. Interviewer: What was a turn? 794: Well It's uh well that's most any amount you see of course small amount it wouldn't call it a turn if it was something like a wagon load they'd call that wagon load of corn but in sack small amount they'd call any of it any amount uh a gallon or peck or half a bushel a bushel or two three or four bushel or anything like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A turn. Interviewer: If you went out and got as much wood as you could carry in both your arms, you'd say you had a? 794: Load. Interviewer: {X} 794: Arm load of wood. Interviewer: And on a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood 794: Part of a load. Interviewer: Do you ever call that a jag? 794: A what? Interviewer: A jag? 794: No I don't believe it. I've heard of that though, heard of a jag of wood Interviewer: Huh 794: That's just the same as the part of a load you see, piece of a load Interviewer: Is it bigger, is it too big to carry, a jag? 794: Well Uh if it's an extra large amount it- it's overloaded that is for a wagon or either the same way in your arms overload. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What did feed used to come in? 794: Which? Interviewer: Feed. 794: Feed? Well uh feed comes in a sack. They used to come in uh grass sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh I have a bunch of grass sacks right out yonder that I have taken out of my potato house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and I and I put my potatoes in to haul them into the house you know and then of course in the wintertime I cut them up to grate with sacks or or hay grass something thataway to keep them from freezing. But uh now uh they don't they don't put them in grass sacks thataway they uh put them in uh a paper bag. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there another name for grass sack? No. I don't think there is, I never did hear of it. Just grass sacks. What about croker sack or toe sack? 794: Well uh They're called, some of them call them toe sacks, but it's it's all made out of the same stuff you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It's grass, grass sacks. And uh But uh they don't put it in grass sacks now I guess they quit making it use that stuff for something else and just like hay when they'd cut the hay and bale it up Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Take it to a press and bale it why they used to put wire around it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But they haven't done that for the last uh fifteen or twenty years. They use uh oh strings, grass strings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For to tie it up with. Interviewer: If your wagon wheel was squeaking, what would you say you had to do to it? 794: Well uh, you you put grease on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh uh axle grease. Interviewer: So you say you 794: take the wheel off undo that that the screw on, that is the tap some call it the nut, but it's the tap {NS} {X} Protect name for it and uh you take that off and you pull your wheel off a piece and take your paddles and get your grease out of the can or whatever it's in and put it on there smear it down on it and then put your wheel back on and then when it turns that makes it just easier to turn you see it makes it easier for for horses to pull. Interviewer: So what would you say you'd done to the wagon wheel? 794: Greased it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd say you um, 794: Greased it, greased the wagon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If grease got all over your hands, you'd say your hands were all 794: All greasy. Interviewer: And something you could use if you wanted to chop a log, a frame like this, an X shaped frame? 794: An ax. Ax. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the frame you could set the log in? 794: Well you you can you put it in uh in what they call a rack, they called it a rack you see, it's it's a wood uh built out of wood but wooden rack. It's a wood rack. Interviewer: How do you build one? 794: Well you you put your pole down thisaway about six or eight or twelve inches through and then you cut your stobs long enough to uh to drive in the ground deep enough to hold and to put it across this log and then one across thisaway and you drive them in the ground deep enough so when you put the wood in there the log in there it won't uh kick up you see Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: and you put it up high enough for the something like the to the top of your log Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And sometimes if if it's a small log it goes a little higher and of course a larger log sometimes don't go quite as high. and uh, you saw it up and you make this uh you if it's uh kind of sharp poles you just put three across that's one at each one and one in the center Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 And you build # Interviewer: #2 an X # 794: And yeah you build this center one a little higher than you do each one of the end ones to keep it from pinching you see the top closing together when you catching your saw when you go to saw it. and sometimes you have to use a wedge Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to drive in there a wooden wedge with a ax uh something like a seasoned hickory timber wedge or um if it's a large stuff you take an iron wedge and drive it with a iron sledge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you use if you wanted to saw a board, what's the A-shaped frame carpenters use? 794: To saw off a Interviewer: a board. 794: board oh Interviewer: They'd have two of them 794: Yeah well um if you saw them uh you can't scarcely saw a board that is like uh that wet you know plant like uh that generally goes to a shingle mill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Now uh if you saw it in two, course the length of it you'd saw it with a cross cut saw or or power saw or buck saw course a buck saw it's uh slow sawing, pretty hard sawing too Interviewer: What's the the frame you could set it in though? Did you ever see something that looks like this? You'd have a A-shaped frame that goes across at the top there? Got legs like these would be the legs and it's got a board across here? 794: Well that's the shape of the top of a house, you see. Interviewer: uh-huh 794: That's what you call the comb of the house. Interviewer: Well, not, not with the house on it. You could um, it's a frame that carpenters use, have a board here and a board here. 794: Oh yeah. Yeah well they call that uh, they call that a jack. A jack frame. And uh, and you could take uh You- you- You could make a frame To saw uh any, any width any way you wanna saw it to give it so much shape you see or or two inch one inch, two inch, or three or four or whatever you want to. Interviewer: What do you use the jack frame for? 794: Well uh You use that for the to saw uh lumber with That's for to brace it you see, something to put it on to hold it to make it solid so you can saw it Interviewer: Is that the same as a horse? 794: Yeah, same as a horse, as a saw horse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Same thing. Interviewer: {X} What's something you'd put in a pistol? 794: Put in a pistol? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Bullets. Interviewer: Is there another name for bullets? 794: Well, they call it ammunition. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Bullets and ammunition That's all that uh, there is to it you #1 see. # Interviewer: #2 What about {X} # 794: What? Interviewer: Did you ever hear another name for it though? 794: No, that's the only names I ever heard. Interviewer: What about {X}? 794: Well {X} now just like uh it's different kinds of guns, course if- if- if you call it shells Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: for a shot gun or rifle either one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {X} This uh ammunition, this uh powder, and this bullet goes in you see, they call it a shell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever call it a cork? 794: A what? Interviewer: Cottage or cartridge? 794: Yeah well you can call it cottage too, but a cottage, that that uh means the whole thing that they the ammunitioning, the powder, and the bullet all in it. and that, that's a cottage. Interviewer: What would you sharpen a straight razor on? 794: Well, you'd have uh ra- a razor uh blade uh I mean uh a strap Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or you can have a a stone, a razor uh whetrock. {NW} And you can sharpen them on that, bring them down to a rough edge. And then you can take in uh a a a leather strap that you hang up, and then you strap them back and forth thataway on it. You can sharpen a razor on that or a knife. or anything thataway. And I have taken them and sharpened my ax on them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But you generally take uh uh uh file to a ax or uh, or a grindstone when I have grindstones out here I have uh a emery wheel that there's to cut down you see if it's too thick that's to grind it down thin. And then you can take and put it to uh a grind stone it it's fine just like this here and put the edge on it to make it real sharp. Interviewer: What's something that children would play on? You'd take a board and it'd go up and down, like this? 794: Well uh Now uh I've used that for bird traps. Pedal, that's a pedal. Interviewer: How, how do you make that? 794: Well You uh you make it you take you a little stick and set it about this high Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and you kinda sharp slope both sides of it here. Then you take you a long Gonna go back under your, your trap And you let it come to here and you cut a notch in here and and then you let it come out here and uh you cut a little notch in the top part of it and you take uh another one and you cut a little notch to go on this and slope it and then slope it here and you put it in there and you, and this sure holds it up and this holds the trap up and and so uh and you put feed on the trap, pull this pedal in and the bird gets in there eating this feed and catch this pedal and knock it down and it'll fall along you see, you got your birds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NW} Interviewer: What sort of um, things did people used to build for children to play on? 794: Oh uh merry-go-round. merry-go-round. Interviewer: Was there another name for that? 794: Well um Let me see, yes there's another name for it if I can think of it now. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of flying...? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Flying? 794: Flying, flying Jenny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah, flying Jenny. Yeah. I made them many one, us boys used to make them in school. {NW} And uh One'd get on each end of it {NW} Two would get on to push it around and tear it sometimes fast it'd sling them off Interviewer: {NW} What's something that you'd take a board and lay it across a {D: trussle} and it would go up and down, and a child would sit at each end? 794: That's uh what they call a ridey horse. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A ridey horse. Interviewer: If you saw some children playing on that, you'd say they were doing what? 794: Well sometimes they, they'd ride too fast and go up and down too fast you see and sometime one would come down so fast and throw the other one off Interviewer: {NW} Did you ever see anyone take a board and anchor it down at both ends and children would get on the middle and jump up and down? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What'd they call that? 794: Well that's a spring board. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: What they call a spring board. Interviewer: How would you make one? 794: Well you could just take uh take a plank a one by six or a one by twelve and uh take it out on the level ground and make you a block something like this high or high as you want it and put it at each end fasten each end of it to this block and uh you can get in the middle and jump up and down, it'll spring and if it if you jump up and down hard sometimes it'll throw you way up yonder sometimes it, it'll you get over balanced and and and you won't come back on the board, you'll fall over sometimes. Interviewer: {NW} What could you make with a long rope tied to a tree limb? #1 and put a seat on it? # 794: #2 Swing. # A swing. Yeah. Yeah I'd take my long ropes and tie it to the limb up here and let it each end of it, let it come down here in the middle and and put a board across it here, to sit on, to swing and then sometimes you can put your little cushion in there if you want to. And, and someone will swing you swing you way up high each way thataway and and two can get in that, put a board in there and two can get in there stand up in there one on each side you see and and let their feet rest on that {D: And someone wanna} start them and they can swing each other way up back and forth thataway too. Interviewer: What would you carry coal in? 794: Coal. Well uh You generally carry it in uh in in a bucket, some kind of a bucket or or you can put it in uh, a box if you have a box made you can put it in it. A bucket or box either one. Interviewer: What's the thing that runs from the stove to the chimney? 794: Pipe. Stove to oh, stove to the chimney? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what does the pipe fit in? 794: Well uh, that's the flue, that's the flue pipe. It- it- it goes fastens to the stove, goes to the chimney goes on in it you see that's the flue pipe Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then uh where you finish it up in top your house in your loft thataway uh you can put a flan up there Interviewer: A what? 794: A flan, what they call a flan. I have one out here in my little camp house but the most people build the flue, with brick. Interviewer: What's a flan? #1 What does it look like? # 794: #2 A flan # Is uh, it's uh it's a thing that you it with a hole in it and it comes out all the way around, something like about like that that you fasten to the top of your house to hold it there and uh this pipe goes up through it the bottom pipe goes up through it and then the top pipe comes down over it to make the smoke go up in it so it won't go out and then you have uh dampers to your stove you see and some people puts uh puts a damper in the pipe {X} the stove joints Interviewer: If you wanted to move bricks or something heavy like that, what could you use to move it in? It's got a little wheel in the front. 794: Well uh you could move it in a wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Is there another name for that? 794: No, wheelbarrow is the only thing for that. or you can move it in a wagon a little wagon Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a Georgia buggy? 794: A what? Interviewer: A Georgia buggy? 794: No I don't believe I have Uh. I believe that that is uh something like at the carry um uh groceries or heavy groceries or feed or some kind of uh a machinery well I mean uh furniture or something out of the stores. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I think that's what that is. Interviewer: Does it have two wheels, you mean? 794: Yeah have two wheels yeah. Interviewer: And 794: They have two wheels and then they have uh little pieces this way to hold it up you see and then the handles to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Something everybody drives nowadays, you call a? 794: Cars? Interviewer: Any other name for car? 794: Well there's trucks. There's cars and there's trucks. Course I have a truck out here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Some people has trucks, some has cars. Interviewer: Inside the tire of the car, you have the inner? 794: Have which? Interviewer: Inside the tire of the car? 794: Inner tube. Interviewer: And if someone had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water, they'd say they were going to 794: Chink it. Chink the boat. They used to take cotton and chink the cracks you see so water wouldn't come through there it'd stop the water and then they'd put the the boats in the water and let that timber swell up you see and stop these cracks in it yeah they do that. Course now lots of them makes metal Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: boats. Interviewer: What kinds of boats did people used to have? 794: Wooden boats. Paddle boats. They used it with a paddle. Interviewer: What shape was that? 794: Well, it was uh a kinda uh the bottom part kinda shaped up a little bit at each end and it's wide in the center and uh and it slopes up a little bit in there something like that at each end Interviewer: #1 It points at both ends? # 794: #2 Yeah. # Points at both ends, yep. Interviewer: Say if a child was just learning to dress himself, the mother would bring in the clothes and tell him now here, what your clothes, here 794: If the mother was to bring the clothes in? Interviewer: She'd tell the child now here... 794: To bring the clothes in to dry I believe Interviewer: If she brings, if the child is learning to dress himself, she brings the clothes in and she tells him now here 794: Tell him to go ahead and and dress theirselves. Interviewer: Here what your clothes? 794: Yeah here's your clothes, now you dress yourself. Put your clothes on. Some says put them on, some says dress yourself. Interviewer: If you was taking a child to the dentist and he was scared, the dentist might say, you don't need to be scared, I what gonna hurt you? 794: I'm not gonna hurt you, we won't hurt you. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word ain't? 794: Yeah. Heard the word ain't. Interviewer: #1 How would you use it? # 794: #2 It ain't, it it ain't uh gonna hurt you. # Interviewer: #1 Mmkay. # 794: #2 Ain't a gonna hurt you, yeah. # Interviewer: Um, if I ask you if that was you I saw in town yesterday, you might say no, it, I didn't go to town so it what? 794: No I didn't go to town, so I didn't need to go or something happened you know and I didn't go. Interviewer: Or if I, if I ask you if that was you that I saw in town, you might say no, it 794: Yeah that if you, it wasn't me I'd say no, it wasn't me. Interviewer: And if a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color, she'd taken along a little square of cloth to use as a 794: Yeah, to get the correct color Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: of the dress. Interviewer: She'd call that a little 794: Uh oh uh Sample. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A little sample. Interviewer: If she sees a dress she likes a lot, she'd say the dress is very 794: uh uh uh very uh suitable. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yes, suitable. Interviewer: Or if she likes the way it looks, she'd say it's very 794: Nice. Interviewer: And, something you could wear over your dress in the kitchen? 794: Apron. Interviewer: And to sign your name in ink you'd use a? 794: uh end of a pencil. or uh pen and ink. Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place #1 you'd use # 794: #2 safety pin. # Interviewer: And a dime is worth? Talking about money. 794: Oh. A dime is worth in a way you see, it- it's worth more than two nickels is because it's silver. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and the nickels are made out of nickel stuff you see, it's not as val- valuable, as uh silver is. Interviewer: Well, you could say a dime is two nickels or it's 794: two nickels or a dime. Interviewer: Or 794: Just one dime. One dime or two nickels. Interviewer: What else is smaller than a dime? 794: Penny. Interviewer: So a dime is worth? 794: Ten pennies. Interviewer: And, what would a man wear to church on Sunday? 794: This which? Interviewer: What would a man wear to church on Sunday? 794: What would he wear to church? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 794: Well Of course they go in different so many ways you know dress and all some wear uh shirt and trousers, course they'll all wear their underwear you see. And some wears a kind of a jumper and some wears a coat Interviewer: #1 If he's all dressed up # 794: #2 And some wears a jacket # like and wear a tie Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But most of them goes without ties now. Go with a top shirt unbuttoned thisaway like that. Interviewer: If, if he was wearing his best clothes he'd say that he was wearing a 794: A suit. Interviewer: And if he'd just bought it it'd be a brand 794: brand new. Brand new. Brand new suit. Interviewer: What were the parts of a three piece suit? 794: Do which? Interviewer: A three piece suit? Well 794: A three piece suit Would that be a coat and trousers and a shirt. Interviewer: Well what's an old fashioned thing people would wear, that didn't have any sleeves they'd wear it over their shirt? 794: A jacket. Interviewer: What did, what did a jacket look like? 794: Well, it's it's about the same as a sweater, what you call as sweater you see or a jacket Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Either one. Interviewer: Is that the same as a vest? 794: Yeah, about the same. Same as a dress? Interviewer: As a vest. 794: No, no that's different from a vest. A vest is is uh a piece that uh course that you button up like you do a uh a dress coat you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You button it up here in front and it's uh and the sleeves no sleeves at all and it and it it come down on the shoulder just about here at the top of your shoulder and a course it's down low here in front Interviewer: And a jacket has sleeves? 794: Well mostly jackets does, some of them has kind of a short sleeves like like some shirts but mostly jackets it it is long sleeve, that is for winter wear you see. Course in the summer wear they scarcely ever did wear a jacket. Interviewer: What's another name for trousers? 794: Pants. Interviewer: What would um, farmers wear that would come up? 794: Suspenders they, some call them gallus Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Gallus. And but the correct name I think is suspenders. Interviewer: What, what would be made out of denim that would come up in front? That had this? 794: Oh That was overalls, that was uh uh Overalls with a bib to it. They're called a bib. Interviewer: Did you wear those? 794: I used to wear them. Yeah when I uh small boy but I I got to wherein I was working in timber sawing, with a cross cut saw I'm right handed sawing of course you lean over that side and that suspenders keep dropping of and get in the way on my arm and I quit wearing them and went to wearing a belt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh I wore a belt ever since and ever since I was about oh I guess about fifteen years old something like that Interviewer: If you went outside without your coat and you were getting cold and you wanted it, you'd ask someone would you run inside and 794: Get my coat. Coat or jacket one. Interviewer: And what it to me? 794: Yeah bring it to me, that's right. Interviewer: So you'd say so he went inside and he got it and 794: brought it to me. Interviewer: And you'd say here I have 794: brought you a coat, or your jacket to you. Interviewer: And you'd say that coat won't fit this year, but last year it 794: It had fit me {X} I've outgrowed-ed it Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets, it makes them 794: Un-convenient. It it's bundlesome in your pocket. Interviewer: And it makes your pockets do what? 794: Stick out. It makes your pockets stick out. Interviewer: What's another way of saying stick out? 794: Well it'd bulge out, makes your pocket bulge out. Interviewer: And you'd say that shirt used to fit me, but then I washed it and it 794: And it's drawed up. Shrunk up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Drawed up or shrunk up either one. Interviewer: And you'd say every shirt I've washed recently has 794: has shrunk up. Interviewer: And I hope this shirt doesn't 794: That's right. Interviewer: Hope it doesn't what? 794: Don't draw up. Interviewer: What? 794: Don't draw up or don't shrink up. Interviewer: And if a woman likes to put on good clothes, you'd say she likes to 794: Dress up. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 794: Well Yes, about the same thing I suppose, they wants to dress up you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's to put on better clothes. Interviewer: What would you say about a woman who stands in front of the mirror and 794: Beautifying herself {NW} uh painting her lips or her cheeks or her um let me see look pretty. or pleasant. Interviewer: Do you ever say doll up or #1 primp? # 794: #2 doll up, yeah. # Doll up or primp up. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 794: Well yes. Kinda primp up, not say doll up but primp up mostly for a man. Interviewer: What would you call a man who primps a lot? 794: A jelly bean. Interviewer: What does that mean, to call someone a jelly bean? 794: Well that's uh one it's tries to be up to date so important and all. And looks so nice, so neat and all. That's what you call a jelly bean. Interviewer: Would you be kinda laughing at him when you #1 called him that? # 794: #2 Yeah, yeah kinda laughing at him. # Well now you get to talking you know popping off, bragging, boasting or something like that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: You're, you're laughing at them then. Interviewer: Something that woman would wear around her neck? 794: Beads. Interviewer: You'd call that a what of beads? 794: Well {X} You call it kind of beads or uh necklace Interviewer: #1 Would you say a pair of beads or a string of beads? # 794: #2 Pair of beads, yeah. # Pair of beads or string of beads either one. Interviewer: Which would you call it? 794: Well I believe I'd call it uh uh a string of beads. Interviewer: What would she wear around her wrist? 794: A wrist watch or a bracelet a bracelet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or a wristwatch. Interviewer: And something you could carry your money in? 794: Purse. Interviewer: And what you'd hold over you when it rains? 794: Parasol. Interviewer: Is there another name for that? 794: Umbrella. Interviewer: #1 Is that the same thing? # 794: #2 Umbrella, yeah same thing yeah. # Interviewer: And the last thing you put on a bed, the fancy cover is called the? 794: The last thing you put on what? Interviewer: On a bed. 794: Bed? Bedspread. Interviewer: What did women used to make, to put on? 794: Quilts. Quilts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They make quilts and and uh they make bedspreads, my wife, she's made bedspreads Interviewer: Do you still make them? aux: No, I made a knitted one you know out of knitted wraps Interviewer: uh-huh aux: some {X} and it's all colors they used to call them counterpanes didn't them 794: Yeah you can call them counterpanes. They used to call them all kind and make them buy one and say I want a counterpane to go on it. But now they call them bedspreads, they don't call them counterpanes. aux: No they don't call them counterpanes. Interviewer: At the head of the bed you put your head on a? 794: Pillow. Interviewer: Do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow? 794: Bolster. Interviewer: How far across did it go? 794: It goes across your bed, all the way across your bed, to the end of the bed. Interviewer: Say if you have a lot of company and you didn't have enough beds for everyone, for the children to sleep on down on the floor you'd make a? 794: Make a pallet on the floor. Took out a quilt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Sometime you have a extra bed on the bed you put that down a mattress, something like that. Interviewer: What different kinds of land are there? 794: Plan? Interviewer: Land. 794: Land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well There's, there's a san- sandy land there's uh red clay land there's gumbo land there's post oak land and there's prairie land. Interviewer: What's post oak land? 794: Well it it's a kind of a cold natured land and a kind of a stiff kind of a stiff sand. it it's kind of uh a stiff pack sand. Interviewer: What do, what do you mean cold natured? 794: Well that's uh that's uh {X} low land, it's um it's, it's a glade land kind of a glade uh glade land it's it's a hard packed land and it's uh it stays packed, you can plow it up or dist it and it come a raining on it and it's packed back down tight again thataway. And it's a cold natured land it uh you'll have to put a kind of fertilizer on mostly barn yard fertilize for to warm it up for it, for it to make anything or you um put nitrous soda on it, fertilize it and stuff with nitrous sodium and you have to put that kind of a land on a bed you can't put it down low like it's calling a water fir and leave it your land flat your have to take your plows and and bed it up in ridges like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: To um for it to make Interviewer: What's prairie land like? 794: Well it it's uh it's a dark land it's not plum black but it's dark and uh and it it it's uh when it gets wet it's uh sticky 'til you walk across 'til you get so much mud on your shoes you have to take a paddle and get it off. Interviewer: Is that the same as gumbo there? 794: Yeah, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 794: #2 something like, # something like gumbo, course uh Uh, there's a prairie gumbo and is a hill gumbo. Course now this hill gumbo it's a kind of a red like land but the prairie is is uh is uh what they call a black land {X} it's dark, it's not just black but it- it- it's dark, something like dark as that there grisled post out yonder Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course now when it gets wet it's darker than it is when it's dry Interviewer: What sort of things would you grow in a prairie? 794: Well you you grow hay, on it and you can grow corn on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But you can't grow cane on it, sugarcane if you do why the the juice is not fit to drink or it's not fit to make syrup out of Interviewer: Why is that? 794: Well it's a different nature land, it is Interviewer: What kind of natured land does sugar 794: Well you you want hill land, loose sandy land Oh uh warm natured land for to raise cane Interviewer: #1 Loose land is warm natured? # 794: #2 Yeah loose land is warm # natured land. And uh what they call a sandy land. Interviewer: Do you ever hear that called loam or loom? 794: Loom. Interviewer: Or loam? 794: I don't believe I ever did. Interviewer: What would you call, you'd say, we don't have to we expect a big crop from this field because the soil is very 794: Rich. #1 Rich. # Interviewer: #2 What's another word for rich? # 794: Strong. Strong land. Interviewer: Anything else? 794: No, strong and rich. And and fertilized, fer- fertile land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And that's rich too you see, fertile is. Interviewer: What would you call the land next to a river or a creek, that's kind of low? 794: Well you call it hammock land. In these hills what's level land thataway is is a hammock it's a kind of a sand but it's uh it it's a smaller grain sand than the hill land is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about bottom land or low land? 794: Well the bottom land, some of it's hammock land and uh and some of it is uh what you call these here branch bottoms, creek bottom land Interviewer: Is that good? 794: Yeah that's good too. Interviewer: What would you call land that's got water standing on it most of the time? 794: Well {NW} That's a kind of a swamp land Interviewer: MM-hmm. 794: Those things are. Interviewer: Would you still call it a swamp if it was salt water in it? 794: Yeah. Still a swamp. Interviewer: What about a marsh? 794: Which? Interviewer: Marsh. 794: Moist. Well uh {NS} Uh land uh moist land That's like it's after a rain you see, it's got plenty moisture and it wets it and that makes plenty moist in it and you plant anything on moist land thataway after rain it'll come up quicker than when it's dry land Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you have some swampy land and you wanted to get the water off it? 794: Well you you'd have to ditch it some time to drain it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Trick ditches and drain it thataway. Interviewer: What would you call something like a ditch that you'd cut that's big enough for a small boat to go through? Would you still call it a ditch? 794: Well I let me see Large enough for a boat to go through, I suppose you'd call it a valley Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Call it a valley. Interviewer: And, if you'd had a heavy rain and maybe down the side of a slope a lot of water had washed some of the dirt away, it would leak under the narrow place? 794: Yeah, leave it narrow, make it deeper Interviewer: What would you call that? 794: Well uh a ditch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You call that a ditch. Interviewer: Have you ever seen it when it, a whole lot of land washes away and it gets real deep and narrow? 794: Yeah. Yeah I've seen that. Interviewer: What's that called? 794: Well uh Well that that uh I'd say that ruins the land that's that just the gully washed in it and course that's not good to cultivate then but if it washes and gets large enough and it rains often enough why you can call that that a branch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or a creek either one. Or if uh it has springs on it you call it a spring branch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call something like a gully that's big enough for like one of these large trees to be in? I mean it's that, that deep? 794: Well you call that a gully or a ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Either one. Either way it's about the same. Interviewer: What are the names of some of the creeks and things around here? 794: Well There's one creek between here and Winnfield called Cedar Cedar Creek Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then the creek that it runs into is Dugdemona. That's a river. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then Dugdemona runs into another river larger than that they call Little River. And then Little River runs into {D:Washtaw} River. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Oh no Little River runs into Red River and Red River runs into Washtaw River. See it just keeps getting larger Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And lower land it's larger rivers thataway. Interviewer: What's the difference between a creek and a branch? 794: Well a creek is larger than a branch. A branch is something small you see. And and a creek is larger and a river is larger than a creek. Interviewer: Is there anything between the sizes of a creek and a river? 794: Well yes Course there's some creeks that's pretty good size is is large as some rivers, small rivers but most rivers is is larger than at least a third, probably as large again {X} as a creek is. Interviewer: What about the word bye, bayou or bayou? 794: Bayou. Well that's something like a slough Something like a slough. Uh, where water stands in And of course when in that's a kind of bottom land like something like swamp land and if it rains a whole lot well the water at the lower end of little part of this the lower side of it the water will drain out down to the banks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and of course when it gets to the bank, why it don't no more drain out but it stays dry a long time it'll kind of dry up in there and keep the water keep from getting lower in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But you'd call that a? 794: You, well you could some called it a slew and some called it a bayou. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Which would you call it? 794: Well {X} if it's a extra-large one I'd call it a bayou. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Where it's kinda smaller I'd call it a slough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call a small rise in land? 794: Well That is uh a hill land that's something like a mountain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Call it a mountain. Interviewer: To open the door you take hold of the door? #1 What you # 794: #2 knob. # The door knob. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word knob talking about land? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Use the word knob talking about land? 794: No. Interviewer: What do you call the rocky side of the mountain, that drops off real sharp? 794: The rocky side of it that drops off lower? Well uh Interviewer: Kinda hangs over? 794: Yeah I I suppose you call that the drainage Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The drainage of it. Interviewer: Well on a mountain the 794: Well that'd be the valley Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 794: #2 of # the mountain, that'd be the valley over the lower parts you see Interviewer: What do you call the part that hangs over? The, the rocky side that just drops off? 794: And just hangs over? Interviewer: Say someone's cart went over the 794: Well Let me see. Interviewer: Did you ever call that a rock cliffed or a cliff? 794: Yeah, you call that a cliff a rock cliff. Or even if it's uh if it's dirt not rock in it it's still a cliff but uh if it's got rock in it you call it a rock cliff Interviewer: Talking about several of those, you talk about several 794: Several cliffs. Or uh several valleys. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had a stream of water that was flowing along and it dropped off and went over down several feet, you'd call that a 794: Well you'd call that uh Let me see, I know what that is let me think of it {D: Oh sure} can't think right now they have one over here between here and and Natchez Interviewer: Would you ever call that a pour over or falls or waterfall? 794: Well you can call it a waterfall if you want to. Or you call it a dam. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A dam. Now they have a dam over here between here and Clarence between Winnfield and Clarence kinda out right they uh they call that a dam Allen dam. Fellow name of Allen used to go to it and they named it after him, Allen. Allen dam. Interviewer: Um, a place where boats stop and freights unloaded. 794: Well uh That's uh, that's a kind of a ocean like Interviewer: Or on a river maybe. Where the boats can #1 stop # 794: #2 Yeah well at the river that's um # Ah I can't think of that right now but they have one in New Orleans {NS} where they the ships land Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Ship landing. and where they they land there at the ship landing and they unload Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: this you see, they goes furniture or anything that they have in it it's what they call a ship landing. Interviewer: What kinds of roads do they have around here? 794: Well they have gravel roads, they have uh asphalt roads they call them black top some does Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they have paved roads. Interviewer: What's a paved road look like? 794: Now that's a kind of a cement, that's made out of cement, that's made out of uh gravel sand lyme and uh let's see something else, lyme and Interviewer: What about black sticky stuff? 794: Well that's uh that's a kind of uh it it's a kind of a oil and uh I know it if I can think of it it's kind of a tar Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Iron. An- and {X} it's kind of a tar like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cold tar. Interviewer: What would you call a little road that turns off the main road? 794: Intersection. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 Intersection. # Interviewer: #2 Out in the country. # 794: Well that that's a intersection road of- of a main road you see and then the country road turns off that's an intersection just like this road this here's the intersection here uh at each end up here in the paved road one six seven uh this black top road down here uh {B} that's the number of it. but that, that's intersection. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A road that leads up to a person's house is called a? 794: Sediment road. Interviewer: What about a a road that goes out um between two pastures, it's got a fence on both sides? 794: A lane. Interviewer: Does a lane have to have a fence or trees on both sides? 794: Yeah it has to a- a lane has to have a fence Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: on both sides trees wouldn't make a lane you see. You have to have a fence on each side to where stock or anything can't go through it Interviewer: How big is a lane, how wide? 794: Well, it's supposed to be uh something like uh forty foot wide the lane does. The rightaway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh, of course if it didn't a lane now some of them they make them they make them thirty foot but they're supposed to be forty foot a lane is now rightaway like this out here is supposed to be thirty foot. Thirty foot now of course the main road you see {X} is something like forty foot. The like these paved roads go to Alexander to Winnfield, Shreveport, Monroe and Ruston and all like that. This supposed to be about forty foot. Now where they uh I have a four lane road course that has to be uh that has to be something like fifty between fifty and sixty foot rightaway. Interviewer: A road in town is called a 794: Street. Interviewer: What do you call the thing along the edge of the street for people to walk on? 794: Sidewalks. Interviewer: And there's a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? 794: Well uh no it's supposed to be not if it's concrete streets now the way it used to be if it is gravel there were a strip of grass between there you see but since they concrete it they they have it concreted all the way from the side walk to the main road and all. Interviewer: What did you call that strip of grass that they used to have? 794: Between the the uh Interviewer: #1 the sidewalk and the street # 794: #2 sidewalk # Well I don't believe that I remember what they call that uh between the sidewalk and the main uh there's a kind of a pass too Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Kind of a pathway like. Interviewer: And up in the mountains Where the road goes across in a low place, you'd call that a? 794: You'd call that a valley. Interviewer: Or if it's higher than a valley, it's just a low place between the mountains? Would you ever call that a gap or a pass or a notch? 794: Well I really don't know, I don't believe, what they call that for I never was in that place where they had those. I really don't know I don't believe what they call that Interviewer: Say if you were walking along the side of the road and an animal jumped out and scared you, you'd say I picked up a? 794: Rock or stick. Interviewer: And did what? 794: Threw at it. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides threw at him? 794: Uh struck at him strike at him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about chumped or pitched? 794: Well you can take a uh a chunk and throw it at him Interviewer: What's a chunk? 794: Well that's a piece of wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Club of wood. Small club. Interviewer: And if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered, you'd say well I guess he's not 794: Not here. Interviewer: #1 Or I guess # 794: #2 Not not at home or # not here one. Interviewer: And if someone had come here to see your wife and you met them out in the yard you might say she's what the kitchen? 794: She's in the kitchen or in the bedroom or Interviewer: Mm-kay. 794: side room or bathroom or something thataway. Interviewer: And if someone's walking in your direction you say he's coming straight 794: towards me. Interviewer: And if you went into town and you happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to 794: see someone that I hadn't saw in a good while. Interviewer: Or happened to run 794: Happened to run into someone that I hadn't saw in a good while. Interviewer: And if a child is given the same name that her mother has, you'd say they named the child 794: After it's mother. Interviewer: And something that that people drink for breakfast? 794: Coffee. Interviewer: If you wanted some coffee and there wasn't any ready, you'd say I guess I have to go 794: To the store. Interviewer: And then have to come home and 794: have to come home and make the coffee. Interviewer: And talking about putting milk in your coffee, you'd say some people like it 794: Cream in your coffee. Interviewer: Or talking about milk, you'd say 794: Milk Interviewer: Some people drink their coffee 794: with milk. Interviewer: And other people drink it 794: with cream, and some drinks it black. Interviewer: You say black coffee isn't coffee with milk, it's coffee 794: Pure coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Pure coffee. Interviewer: Any other name for black coffee? 794: Black coffee and pure coffee. I believe is the only two uh names correct names for what it's supposed to be for it. Only ones I ever did hear, are black coffee and pure coffee. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of people say drinking coffee bare footed? 794: {X} which? Interviewer: Drinking coffee bare footed? 794: Bare footed? Interviewer: To mean black coffee? 794: Oh yeah, black coffee, yeah. Drink it bla- uh bare footed, that's black coffee too. Interviewer: And you'd tell a child, you can eat what's put before you or you can do 794: Without. Interviewer: And talking about distance, you'd say I don't know just exactly how far away it is but it's just a 794: Pretty good distance Interviewer: Or it's just a little 794: Or just a small distance little distance either one Interviewer: and if you'd been traveling and still had about two hundred miles to go, you'd say you still had a 794: Uh, a pretty good distance to go. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you ever call that a fur piece or a long 794: Far piece, yeah, far piece to go. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah. Some called it a fur, but the correct name is far. But fur you see that that's a a fur like you build coats out of things like that off of animals, sheeps, and things like that That that's a fur. Interviewer: And if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place, you'd tell someone oh you can find that just about 794: Most anywhere. Interviewer: And if someone slipped and fell this way, you fell over 794: Backwards. Interviewer: And this way? 794: Forwards. Interviewer: And say if you'd been fishing and I ask you did you catch anything, you might say no, what a one? 794: See I didn't understand that. Interviewer: If I ask you did you catch any fish, you might say no, 794: No I wouldn't care for any. Interviewer: Or I ask you if you caught any. 794: No I didn't catch any, didn't catch very many. Interviewer: Did you ever say I didn't catch nary a one? 794: Yeah yes, many or Interviewer: What about nary a one? For not a one. 794: Another one, didn't catch another one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Didn't catch another one or not many or. 794: Would you like to drink some coffee? aux: Would you take coffee, hun? Interviewer: Oh, yeah if you aux: Really? Okay, I'm okay 794: We we we drink coffee aux: {X} 794: We drink coffee, two meal times, between meal times you see that away and I figure maybe you would, too. Interviewer: Um 794: It'll be a mighty good little refreshment I believe. Interviewer: Thank you. If, say the child was spoiled, you'd say well when he grows up he'll have trouble what as not? 794: Be mean. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Be mean. Interviewer: Would you say he'll have trouble apt as not or like as not? 794: Yeah, he's apt to he'll have trouble after not apt as not. And that means he's just apt to have trouble as he is not to have trouble. Interviewer: If you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land, you'd say you did what? 794: Well you need to prune them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Trim them up, trim them up. Uh And that makes it looks better too and uh now here the woods course we used to have stock in the woods, cattle and hogs, we had open range at the woods that's opened up here wasn't no little undergrowth to amount to anything you could see long ways through the woods Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But now And then another thing they used to burn the woods off at once a year every spring along about February, they'd catch a dry time in February And everybody'd burn {NS} excuse me the woods off they'd they, they'd rake around the fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They didn't have wire fences, they had rail fences outta timber and uh they'd rake around the fences and all their buildings to where the fire couldn't get to them {NW} and they'd all have a certain day {NW} to set the woods on fire and burn 'em off course it's against the law to set 'em off fire now they won't allow you to burn 'em off but it'd be better a lot of the wood would if they'd burn them off I'd worked in {X} fire's work for several years {NW} and uh where there's not any small pine timber there's little old {NW} hard wood that {NW} don't ever amount to anything why it pays to burn that off Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then {NW} the other thing It kills the insects. There, there's insects gets in the timber they're what you call a bore worm Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Drills in there and it kills the timber. {NW} And it pays to uh to burn it off but now some of the companies and the government does too is spray it but uh I don't think that's a good idea it may it may help as far as the timber, but it don't help the people Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It's uh all in the air you see and it's poisoning people up your system wrong it gets all in your system and it poisons them up and I think that it's it's it's a it's a bad idea to to even to spray it that way. Interviewer: How would they control the fires? 794: Huh? Interviewer: When they had fires, how would they control them? 794: Well {NW} we have uh plows have tractors {NW} and big uh plowed big middle busters {NW} sixteen to eighteen, twenty middle inch middle buster and we, we plow lines and uh to to stop the fire to keep from getting over any further and then we have uh oh uh flaps and we'd whoop the fire out with them in walk so long and whoop the fire out sometimes it'll break over this far line that we plow you see Interviewer: What's a flap? 794: {NW} Well that's uh made out of uh kind of uh a piece of a building like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That they have at the mills you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NW} Building uh, it with a hammer to it, wooden hammer to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they'd flap that on the ground on these leaves where the fire and they and they put it out, that away. And then uh they have uh they have a tank, some of them has a tank that they carry on a on on a tractor or a big truck Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they have a spray, you see, where they spray it put it out that away Interviewer: If you had some land that was all overgrown and you wanted to cultivate it, first you'd have to 794: You have to clear it up, you have to cut the timber off of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what do you have to do with oats, to separate the grain from the rest of it? 794: Well uh well you you do this they haul it to the mills you see and they separate some of it when they the the trucks just hauled it to the mill and what they don't separate then when they hauled it there {NW} they the man that carries it in from the where the the log ramp is carries into the mill, where they saw it they uh they carry it in on uh on trucks like and uh and and they separate it there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and they they put the pine they put all of the the pine you see that's not a hardwood Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: pine and uh cypress that's uh that's not a hardwood. you have uh oak course there's several different kinds of oak and you have hickory, beech and gum and all such as that. that they call hardwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They haul that separate. Interviewer: Did people ever grow oats around here? 794: Yes they used to, used to grow lots of oats. My father used to grow oats here at the he'd have land he'd go want a pasture on them and he'd sow it, he'd sow the oats solid and and he'd flat break his land uh just level, it wouldn't be it up you see and it flat break and the oats come up in there and course there's crab grass sometimes that come up in there too and then they'd pasture on it that way, put the stock in on Interviewer: What would they do with the oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 794: Well uh they uh they threshed that out you see and separate the grain from the rest of it and and they put that in sacks Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For feed you see. and uh now they take that and mix it and chops and alfalfa hay that they they leaf part of it and all mixes together and and they mix it and uh call it this all grain Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah mix feed. Interviewer: Say if there was um something that we had to do today, you could say we'll have to do it, or what's another way of saying that? 794: We'll have to do it {NW} or uh Interviewer: Would you ever say you and I have to do it or 794: #1 Yeah, you and I, you and I will have to do it. # Interviewer: #2 me and you. # #1 What about me and # 794: #2 We we we'll have to # Do something or so and so will today or tomorrow or we will do it something that away you see. Interviewer: What if you're talking about another man and yourself, would you say 794: Well uh you and myself or this man and myself or call his name either one or give a name or give a surname either one you want to Interviewer: Did you ever say me and him or #1 he and I # 794: #2 me and him or he and I or him and myself # Interviewer: Which would you say? 794: Well uh He and I, sometime I say that or sometime I say him and hisself, Jimmy call him before you do yourself you say course the old way of saying it is me and you Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But uh Now it it's you and I or him and I or he and I or she and I or ever which it is you see. Interviewer: And you'd say he doesn't want just you or just me for this job, he needs 794: Someone else. Interviewer: #1 Or if he needs two people, you'd say he needs # 794: #2 need two people # Interviewer: #1 would it be # 794: #2 be two people to help. # {NW} Or more people to help. Either one. Interviewer: Would you say all two of us or both of us or 794: Well both of us say both of us, probably wouldn't maybe both of us needs some help, more help excuse me just a minute I'm going to get a little antiseptic right {D: for my throat} Interviewer: If you knock at the door and somebody asks who's there, and you know that they'll recognize your voice, you might just answer it's 794: It's me. Interviewer: And if I ask you if that's John at the door, you'd say yeah that was 794: yes that is him, or he. Interviewer: And if it's a woman you'd say that was 794: That's her. {X} Or she. Interviewer: Which would you say? 794: Well The proper way'd be her. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's her. Interviewer: And if there was two people you'd say that was 794: That's them. Them or both of them, if they'd call their names say that's both of them. Interviewer: And talking about how tall you are, you'd say he's not as tall as 794: As I am or as tall as you think he is or Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall as 794: I'm not as tall as he is. Interviewer: And he can do that better than 794: Better than I could. Interviewer: And 794: or could reach that better than I could. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had been to Arkansas and hadn't gone any more north than that, you'd say Arkansas is what north I've ever been? 794: Arkansas is far as I ever been or Interviewer: Or it's the what north I've ever been? 794: Far north as I've ever been. Interviewer: And if something belongs to me, you'd say it's 794: That's mine. Interviewer: And I'd say this isn't mine, is this I'd ask, I'd ask you this isn't mine, is this 794: It's yours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to both of us it's 794: It's ours. Interviewer: And to them it's 794: It's theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 794: His. Interviewer: And to her? 794: Hers. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say his's? 794: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Would you ever say that? 794: No. {NW} Interviewer: How does that sound to you? 794: Well, it didn't sound r- sound right to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: No it didn't sound right to me. He or she or her or him. Either one. Interviewer: And if there was a group of people at your house and they were getting ready to leave, you'd say well I hope, what come back again? I hope 794: Hope, hope that y'all come back again. Interviewer: Would you ever say y'all to just one person? 794: You all, that means a group of 'em you see that means more than one person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or if it's just one say you come back again. Interviewer: What if you were asking them about their coats, you know everybody's coats, you'd say where are 794: Coats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You're asking them about their coats. 794: Oh. Interviewer: You'd say, you'd ask them where are 794: Where are your coat? Interviewer: Would you ever say you alls coats or y'all's coats? 794: Your lost coat, have you lost your coats or? Do you know where your coats is or something that either one that away Interviewer: And if there had been a party and you hadn't been able to go to it, and you wanted to find out which people had gone to it, you'd ask someone 794: Yeah, who's so and so go to it you know or ever who it may be call their name you see {X} Interviewer: Would, would you ever ask who all was at the party? 794: Yeah, who all was there and then they'd tell you see separate ones Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family, you might ask about them. 794: Well Interviewer: #1 children are they # 794: #2 That'd be # Several family's ch- several different family's children you see Interviewer: And if you wanted to find out the people that they belong to, you'd ask? 794: You'd ask whose they was, they was uh so and so you know uh Interviewer: Would you ever say who all's children are they? 794: Yeah, that, who all's children was it course maybe two or three different families you see and maybe just one or two families or maybe four or five families you see You'd ask uh who all it was you see Interviewer: And if you're asking about all of the, hey is that a, what? aux: Yeah that's a isn't he pretty? He fights them others. 794: That's a bird that's what we call uh there's several name for it, some calls them a woodchuck that they peck on a tree and some of them calls them uh a sap sucker Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: And some calls them a red head and some calls them a woodpecker because they peck on the wood Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And they whoop the other birds these here bluebirds is jay birds blue jay they'll whoop them off and the little red birds, they'll whoop them off uh she has a in a little box out there she feeds them in, feeds them bread and stuff that little box out there, it swings you see and they go down there and get that that feed they fly in there and get it and some of these here old red head oh sap suckers or woodpeckers or whatever they're called or woodchucks either one different names for them, they're all the same thing kind of bird aux: he knows I leave some on that ground 794: and some of them'll knock it down on the ground they'll fly down on the ground and get it Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever see something like that only a lot bigger? 794: Well yes there's um {NW} There's um what you call a yellow hammer that's larger than that {NS} and uh {NS} Did you ever hear of one called the Lord God? The what? Interviewer: A big bird like that called the Lord God? 794: I don't believe I did. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the word peckerwood used about people? 794: Peckerwood, yeah, that's what you call a peckerwood that old redheaded bird down in there that's a peckerwood some call it a peckerwood comes all some called them a woodpecker #1 some calls them a sap sucker, some calls them sap pecker and some calls them redhead, and some calls them a woodchuck # aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What do you call them? 794: Well I call them a sap sucker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever, heard other people called a peckerwood? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What does it mean when you call somebody a peckerwood? 794: Well {NW} that's not a very good name for a person you see, a peckerwood that's a kind of a silly person like Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were asking about all of the speaker's remarks, you know, everything that he said, you might ask someone 794: Yeah You uh you mean like you're going to a store to buy something or something {D: for sale that away} Interviewer: Or, say if someone had made a speech and you'd wanted to listen to the speech but you hadn't been able to. You might ask later, you'd find someone who had heard the speech and you'd ask them 794: Well I'd I'd ask them did they understand it all and what all was it they said at the speech you see Interviewer: and you say if no one else will look out for them, you say they've got to look out for? 794: Theirselves. They have to look out for theirselves. Interviewer: If no one else will do it for him, he's got to do it 794: Do it hisself Interviewer: And If dinner was on the table and the family's standing around the table, you'd tell them to go ahead and 794: Go ahead and eat. Go ahead and help theirselves or eat either one. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say so he went ahead and he 794: Helped hisself. Interviewer: And I asked him to pass it over to me since he had already 794: gone. Interviewer: But he had already what himself? 794: Already he'd already helped hisself yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. um And if they're standing up, you tell them to go ahead and 794: and sit down. Interviewer: So then he went ahead and? 794: And sit down. Interviewer: And you'd say no one else was standing because they'd all done what? 794: Well if no one else is standing but him I'd say well go ahead and sit down you you Interviewer: Yeah, everyone else is 794: Everyone else is, everyone else is sitting down but you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Everyone else is already 794: Already sit down, yeah. Interviewer: And You'd say this morning at seven o'clock I what breakfast? 794: That I eat breakfast at seven. Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I'd already 794: Already eat. Interviewer: And #1 if you had uh-huh # 794: #2 already ate I believe it's the way it is # Interviewer: If you were thirsty you could go to the sink and pour yourself a 794: Water. Interviewer: You'd drink it out of a 794: Pitcher or a glass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say the glass fell off the sink and 794: Broken. Interviewer: Okay so somebody has done what to the glass? Has 794: broke the glass, knocked it off in the sink. Interviewer: And you might say well I didn't mean to 794: to break it, didn't mean to knock it over or to break it Interviewer: and, if someone has a good appetite, you'd say well he sure likes to put away his 794: If he has a good appetite? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Sure likes to put away the grub or Interviewer: What's another name for grub? 794: Yeah, uh the vittles Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or call it vittles either one. Interviewer: Or what you eat is called? 794: Well what you call you eat is called is called uh grub or you something you call or in the morning you call it your breakfast Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or uh, at night your supper. Or at at at noon you call it your dinner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you still use the word vittles? 794: Which? Interviewer: Would you use the word vittles now? 794: Yeah. Still use it. Interviewer: And Food taken between regular meals is called a 794: Eating between meals? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well uh Interviewer: You'd be fixing yourself a 794: a lunch a lunch between meals Interviewer: And, something kinda like a fruit pie maybe it's made out of apples, but it has several layers of apples and strips of dough in it, you'd call it a 794: Kind of a mix pie Interviewer: Or you 794: Or or a delicious. It'd be delicious you see mixing different things with it that away is that you like each one of them if you like each one of that things it'd be delicious Interviewer: What if it was just apples and strips of dough? 794: Well uh yeah some called them a fried pie and then some of them called them whatever it is whether it's apple pie or peach pie or plum or figs or grapes or raisins or anything thataway whatever it is you see. Interviewer: What about a cobbler? 794: Well a cobbler that's uh A cobbler pie that's oh of course you can make that out of most anything you want to you know just like any kind of a cake that away Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cobbler pie. Interviewer: Did you ever hear another name for a cobbler? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: What about a deep dish apple pie or a family pie? 794: Well a deep dish well might say a family pie that's what everyone likes you see the same kind of pie everyone likes the same kind that'd be a family pie Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, a sweet liquid that you could pour over pudding or pie, you'd call that a, it'd be a kind of a 794: Dessert uh oh um Interviewer: #1 maybe cream and sugar and nutmeg # 794: #2 cream # Yeah cream uh something uh for a a dessert you see like Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That you mix over it. Interviewer: And, if you were thirsty, you would say I what a glass of water? 794: if if you want something to drink you'd take a glass of water Interviewer: Uh-huh, and I what two glasses? 794: I swallowed it. Interviewer: Or I 794: Let's see Interviewer: You'd ask me, how much water have you 794: Drank. I drank a glass of water, yeah, that's the way it is, drink it, drink a glass. Interviewer: And you'd say um, I was so thirsty I what two glasses? 794: I dra- I's so thirsty I drank two glasses of water. Interviewer: And you'd ask me, how much water have you? 794: Drank. Two glasses. Interviewer: And. If you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 794: Chew it. Interviewer: And you say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 794: Yeah, the food kinda choked me like or got fast and hung in my throat or fast in my throat. Interviewer: He could chew it but he couldn't 794: Couldn't swallow it. Interviewer: And If someone offers you some food and you don't want any, you'd say no thank you I don't 794: I wouldn't care for it. Interviewer: And if food's been cooked and served a second time, you say that it's been 794: Cooked over. Interviewer: And what's it called then? You'd say you were having 794: Cook over or Interviewer: Okay. And butter that's been kept too long, you say that the butter is 794: It's uh too old too old a butter Interviewer: And it's 794: it's been kept for too long you see and it's too old or it's uh kinda sour or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. Interviewer: What would you call milk that, after it turns? 794: Uh whey. Call it whey. Interviewer: And what else? And uh uh clabber. aux: Here get you a cup of coffee hon. 794: It first turns to whey aux: Do you want anything in it? 794: It it it first turns to whey and then it turns from that to clabber and then you churn it you see and you make buttermilk out of it Interviewer: Anything else? 794: #1 And and that buttermilk you see that butter # aux: #2 you want this saucer hon? # 794: And you see the butter comes from the top and you and you skim that off you see eat that or you you bread and your syrup or your bread and your honey or your jelly, or any, anything you want to like that Interviewer: Is there any kind of cheese you can make from the clabber? {NS} 794: Well uh I suppose there are But the cheese is mostly made from the cream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Of any any kind of milk that is uh oh uh sweet milk or clabber milk now whey it don't have any cream on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And buttermilk course if you churn that you see well now the cream goes to butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kind of cheese can you make from the cream? 794: I know the name of it but I can't think of it It's a kind of a hoop cheese and there's uh oh there's two or three different kinds of cheese {NS} what kind of cheese is that that you buy sometimes that's not? aux: Cream cheese? 794: Cream cheese. #1 Yeah there's a cream cheese. # aux: #2 {X} cheese # 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What's the? 794: And then there's a hoop cheese, that there's the old time cheese that they make in big large rounds you know that away And uh And it's packed, it's a hard kind of cheese and it has a little bitty holes up through it that away, that's really the best cheese there is. What's the difference between cream cheese and cottage cheese? Well uh uh cream cheese is more of a mild has more of a mild flavor to it. Interviewer: Than 794: Than the other cheese does. Cottage cheese. Interviewer: Are they both lumpy or are they solid or what? 794: Well They're cream cheese is a little more solid Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh it's a softer kind of a cheese than the other is. Interviewer: Something that um, people eat for breakfast, it's white? People eat it for breakfast. 794: Rice? Rice is white, they eat that. And sometime they eat oatmeal for breakfast. And uh Interviewer: What's something that's made from ground-up corn? 794: Oh um Cornbread. Cornbread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And some eats biscuits, some eats flapjacks, and some eats what they call flitter cakes Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 794: #2 It's that's that's uh # Made out of meal and that's mashed up thin and and put in a skillet with grease fry it with grease in it Interviewer: What's something that's just white, it's corn that's been ground up and you can eat it with butter maybe along with your eggs? 794: You mean it's sliced out or ground out? Interviewer: No it's, it's ground 794: Ground. Well that's uh you can take uh grind meat up and brown meat and {X} {NS} Yeah there's lots of airplanes goes overhead. Interviewer: The ones that leave this little airport here? 794: Yeah yeah this is a airport here Oh I mean uh plane where the plane goes over and there is sometime ten and twelve a day goes over here there's sometime three at a time, sometime four, sometime six long that away and then later on that many more comes. Yeah there's a lot of planes, this is a route, a plane route you see Interviewer: What's something that people would make with corn that they'd soak in lye? 794: Hominy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Make hominy. Interviewer: Is there anything similar to hominy that's ground up? 794: Well uh I don't believe out of uh out of corn and uh unless it's grits Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You can make grits out of it you see that there ground up finer than hominy course hominy's not ground up, that's the whole grains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you can uh grind that up into grits After you cook it you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Make hominy out of it. Interviewer: What would you um, make out of flour and bake in a loaf? 794: Light bread. Interviewer: What does light bread have in it to make it rise? 794: Well it has right smart of yeast in it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Uh at more yeast you put in it the more it rises see, and of course you put uh baking powders in it too. You put uh Baking powders and you put yeast in it and uh there's something else, let me see if I can think of it Soda Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Put soda in it too. Interviewer: What other kinds of bread beside light bread would people make? 794: Well that they made bum, what they call bum, kinda like a biscuit, a large biscuit. they made bums out of it. and uh course they make uh cookies, different kinds of cookies course they have to sweeten them you see and they put flavors in them different kind of flavor Interviewer: What's round with a hole in the middle? 794: That's uh I know what this is let me think of it I know what it is but I just can't think aux: They got a shop up there at Winnfield. Interviewer: It's about this big has a 794: Yeah 794: I know what this is if I can think of it it's sort of like uh it was about the top rail of the fence was yesterday I couldn't think of what it was Interviewer: You ever hear of dough 794: Huh? Interviewer: Dough 794: Dough? Interviewer: Doughnuts? 794: Doughnuts oh yeah doughnuts yeah doughnuts that's what they've got the little hole in the center of it Doughnuts you're right yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever hear another name for doughnuts? Like crullers or anything like that? {NS} 794: I don't believe that I have. Doughnuts and uh Course cookies, cookies that's solid just like a little cake you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. You said there's two kinds of bread, there's homemade bread and then there's what you get at the store #1 that you call # 794: #2 Bakery, bakery bread. # Bakery shop bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What sort of things do you make out of corn meal? 794: Corn meal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well you make Hominy, oh out of the corn meal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well you can make bread out of it Interviewer: What kinds of bread? 794: Cornbread. Or you can make uh What they call uh a flapjacks Interviewer: That has corn meal in it? 794: Yeah and uh Interviewer: What would you call it if it had flour in it? 794: Well that's meal and flour together You can make biscuits out of meal and flour together some people put some meal, a little likes a little meal in there flour for with biscuits that away. Interviewer: Would you ever make um, flapjacks just using flour? 794: Yeah, flapjacks with flour and I've made them just with meal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's something you can make with corn meal, it's um just corn meal and salt and water and you can eat it with a spoon? 794: Cush bread? No, no that's not cush bread. Interviewer: What's cush bread? 794: Uh Cush bread is uh it is bread made up and and you don't cook it uh out like you do corn bread and place that away or cush bread and and you mix uh onions and eggs Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: with cush bread that away. Interviewer: How do you cook it? If you don't 794: Well you you put uh water in it and a little grease and uh baking powder I believe I don't believe you put soda in that I'm not for sure which you put uh grease and baking powder and a little salt Interviewer: And then you bake it? 794: You bake it yeah. and you bake it. Interviewer: What's something though that you can just eat with a spoon? That's just cornmeal and salt and water that's boiled? And you can eat it with a 794: With uh just a spoon? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of mush or cush cush? 794: What? Interviewer: Mush or cush cush? 794: Cush, no I don't believe I have. Cush bread and corn bread flap jacks Interviewer: What about a corn dodger? 794: Well you can make co- corn dodgers. Interviewer: How do you make those? 794: Kind of a little cake like that you make out of it Interviewer: Is it round? 794: Yeah, it's round. Supposed to be round like. Interviewer: How many inches across is it? 794: Well I suppose it's about something like three inches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Two and a half to three inches. Interviewer: Do you fry it or bake it or what? 794: You fry it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The inside part of the egg is called the? 794: The yellow. Yellow of egg. Interviewer: What's the other part called? 794: That that's that's the center part of a egg you see uh that's the richest part, that's that's richer than the white part is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How can, if you cook eggs in hot water you call them? 794: Boiled. Boiled eggs. Interviewer: What if you crack them and let 'em fall out of the shells in the hot water? 794: Well #1 I don't imagine # aux: #2 You want me to get you a glass of water hon? # 794: #1 I don't imagine # aux: #2 You don't want no water? # 794: Yeah, I don't imagine it'd be very good, for to crack in the hot water to get into it I don't imagine it be very good for it kinda bust it open you see like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But it's better where you boil it like and leave the solid shell on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cuz you get it cooked and break that off to suit yourself. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, if something was cooking and it made a good impression on your nostrils, you'd tell someone, would you just that. You'd say to someone just 794: Just suitable or Interviewer: Or if something's cooking. 794: Cooking. Interviewer: It um, and you like the odor 794: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 You'd tell someone, just # 794: Just fine or just a good odor to it or Interviewer: Or you'd 794: Good flavoring or Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say to someone, would you just 794: Like it or Interviewer: Would you say smell it or #1 Smell of it # 794: #2 May, yeah, smell of it # Would you just smell of it. Interviewer: And you'd say, if you had a belt and it was made out of leather, what would it say on there to tell you that it's made out of real leather? It would say it's, it's not imitation leather, it's 794: No, it's uh solid you'd call it a solid leather Interviewer: Or it's gen- 794: Genuine leather. Interviewer: And, something you can make to put on toast or biscuits, it's a sweet spread. It'd be jam or 794: Jam or jelly. Interviewer: And what you'd have on the table to season 794: A pepper or salt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: You have salt or some like pepper just like on a eggs some like pepper on egg Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And Some likes their eggs a little salty, some don't like it so salty {NW} And same's the way about sweet stuff just uh breakfast food, some likes it real sweet and some don't like it sweet Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were buying something two or three hundred pounds at a time, you'd say you were buying it how? 794: Large amount. Interviewer: Or buying it in? 794: In sacks or barrels or #1 something that away # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever say you're buying it in bulk? # #1 Or bulk? # 794: #2 In bulk # yeah, large bulk. Large size bulk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one, he'd tell you? 794: I didn't get that. Interviewer: If there's a bowl of apples, and a child wants one, he would say to you 794: Give me a apple. Interviewer: And, you'd say, if you don't have any money at all, you say that you're not rich, you're 794: You're poor. Interviewer: You'd say, when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child 794: was rich, had plenty. Interviewer: Talking about his father, next door is a child what 794: father was, was rich. Interviewer: How would, next door was a child Say the whole thing. Next door was a child 794: Father Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say that his father was rich, or whose father was rich, or 794: Well so and so ever who the child was or his name is his father was rich. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And have or had plenty you see, either one. Interviewer: And if you have a lot of peach trees, you say you have a peach 794: Orchard. Interviewer: And you'd ask someone if that's his orchard, he'd say no I'm just a neighbor. He'd point to someone else and and say he's the man 794: it it that belongs to or it owns it Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, what would you call peas and beets and carrots and so forth that you'd grow yourself? 794: Vegetables. Interviewer: And you'd grow them in a 794: Garden. Interviewer: And what would you call whiskey that's made illegally? Out in the woods. 794: Uh well it's uh wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Call it wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Was there any of that being made around here? 794: A long time ago there was. Used to be. Interviewer: How would you make it? 794: Well you take um uh like you make syrup used to make syrup, they'd skim the syrup you see and they'd put that in barrels Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh they'd put some corn in that or chops grind the corn up in the chops put that in there and a little water with it and it, they have it in a barrel, a wooden barrel and it'd put a sack of something over it so flour or anything couldn't get into it unless that stayed there until it soured and and it it gets syrup to sour, it begin to bubble and you could uh it didn't have faucets then to put in that they they'd uh take a large nail or small auger and drill a little hole down close to the bottom and take uh a little cane Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and to make them uh a little uh pipe like for it to run out of the barrel into a bucket or whatever you wanted to. go into here. and when it got so sour why that was ready to drink you could drink it sour, they called it beer Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and you could drink it that away or you could take it and you could put it in uh in a can something like these big five gallon coal oil cans and you could make you a trough and uh you could uh put you some brick down three bricks here to raise the can up about that high from the ground before you put your fire under there and then you put this pipe cook down pass it over this here barrel and run it through a a trough and drill a hole in each end of the trough running this pipe through it and let it, the pipe hang out something like that far fuller than the trough did and you boil this here till it turns into whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you have you a bucket of something out here for it to drain into out the end of this pipe protect your whiskey. Interviewer: What do you call that kind of whiskey? 794: Uh white corn whiskey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And you can cook it over till you can make alcohol out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any, did you ever, what would you call it if it wasn't fit to drink? 794: Well uh you you you'd call it sour whiskey or just sour wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How would you, how would they sell the whiskey? So that they, did you ever hear of people selling whiskey and never letting the person that's buying it see them? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: How would they do that? 794: Well they'd have a certain place to put it {X} and kinda in the brush woods like that away and they'd have a certain place to put it and uh the people come there to buy it you can put the amount or whatever it come to right down on the paper or pay for it something that away and they'd leave the money there and take the whiskey, the amount of whiskey they're supposed to you see. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say they were trading with Nancy? 794: Yeah. Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: What? How would they say that? 794: Well uh They'd call that kinda unseen, sight unseen. You see, not seeing them, not in the public you see. it uh Interviewer: They'd say they were 794: Uh selling it kinda unseen or behind the blind Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Selling behind the blind. Interviewer: Or they'd say they were trading 794: Yeah, trading. Interviewer: What, what about with Nancy, did you ever? 794: Which? Interviewer: Trading with Nancy. 794: I don't believe I ever heard that. You mean that public or just one in- individual? Interviewer: Just doing it like that. Sight unseen. 794: Well That'd be uh Bootlegging. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's what you call bootlegging. Interviewer: And, the kind of animal that barks you'd call a 794: A dog. Interviewer: And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog, what would you tell him? 794: Hissed him on. Just hissed him on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had a mean dog you'd tell someone you better be careful, that dog'll 794: Bite you. Interviewer: And yesterday the dog 794: bit someone. Interviewer: And the person had to go to the doctor after he got 794: Got bit. Interviewer: Did you ever say after he got dog bit? 794: Yeah. After he got dog bit he had to go to the doctor. Interviewer: And, you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses? 794: Trade horses, trade horses or swap horses. Interviewer: Or get on them and 794: get on and ride them, show you how to ride or hook them up put the harness on show them how they work to a wagon, to a buggy to a plow or skid logs or anything you want to work it to that away Interviewer: You'd say he got on his horse and he 794: Rode the horse. Interviewer: And you'd say I have never 794: Never rode that horse. Interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on you'd say you fell 794: fell off. or he's too rough for me to stay on. now some horses you see rides easy, what you call a saddle horse, has different gaits foxtrot pace single foot and some just has a rough trot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And some is rough about lope, loping or running. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And some is easy. Interviewer: A child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning. You'd say I guess I must have 794: Fell off the bed. Interviewer: And the things you put on the horses feet are called the 794: shoes. Interviewer: What do you call a game you play with those? 794: Do which? Interviewer: A game that you can play with those? 794: Oh uh uh you pitch them you pitch them, you dig holes like one out there in the yard and one here and this one or two men get here at this hole and the same amount there and you pitch them Interviewer: You pitch the? 794: Pitch the the horse shoe. And the one at uh throws it in the hole that's the one that gains. Interviewer: Did you ever see it played with rings instead of with horseshoes? 794: Yes I saw it played with rings and I saw it played with silver dollars. Interviewer: What's it called when it's played with rings? 794: Pitching rings. Or horseshoes, pitching horseshoes or do- uh silver dollar pitching dollars. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on are called the 794: The bottom, bottom of his feet. The bottom of the hoof, down next to the frog of his feet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. First of all, you have to trim all 794: Trim, have to trim that off. And uh cut the, trim the frog of the foot out rest the hoof off and uh at the top and take a knife and trim it off round at the bottom to fit this shoe and uh they cut the frog of the foot out trim it out some Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some has a flat frog to the foot and some has a high frog to the foot. This with the high frog you don't have to trim it much but a flat frog you have to trim that a right smart. you see so that the frog part of this foot won't catch the ground, if it does it bruises them and makes them lame you see. Interviewer: And all, you you trim all four? 794: All four of his feet. Interviewer: Or all four of his 794: of his hoofs. Interviewer: And the animal that you milk is called a 794: A cow. Interviewer: What's the male called? 794: Bull. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? Did it sound alright to say a bull? 794: Well uh that's about all they called them then. Now they call them, some calls them the male. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But bull, that used to be all that they called them, the bull or the heifer or the bull or the cow. And then uh they'd make these work steers out of them course they'd castrate them you see. And that makes steers out of them, and that's beef cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See they wouldn't kill the bulls. But now sometimes they'd work a bull to uh in a team that away but they didn't like to the bulls they generally they couldn't stand the work that a steer could and and they was meaner and stubborn than a steer was. Interviewer: Any other way of saying castrate? Is there any other way people said that? 794: Alter them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Used to call it alter them. Interviewer: If you did that to a hog what would you call him? 794: What would call whatever it was oh uh Interviewer: If you'd done that, if you'd altered a hog 794: Hog. Oh, you'd call that a meat hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A meat hog. Interviewer: Any other names? 794: A boar Interviewer: Would you call him a boar if you'd castrated him after he was full grown? 794: No, you'd call him a stag. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, talking about the cows, the little one when it's first born is called a? 794: Bull calf. Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf, you'd say that she was going to 794: have a calf or bring birth to a calf. Mostly said have a calf. Interviewer: What about come in or drop a calf #1 or find them? # 794: #2 Well sometimes fixing to drop a calf. # Interviewer: And, the male horse is called the? 794: A stud horse. Or stallion. Some called them a stallion some called them a stud horse. and some called them a stable horse, that means a horse you have to keep in the stable away from other horses you see Interviewer: What would you call them? 794: Well I mostly always way back yonder I called them a stud Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Stud horse. But uh for the last uh few years a more proper name is a stable horse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a female called? 794: A mare. Interviewer: And what's a male sheep called? 794: A male sheep is called uh, a lamb. Let me see. Yeah a lamb. Interviewer: What's a female? 794: No a female is called a lamb and and a male is called uh let me see, I know Interviewer: Did you ever hear buck or ram? 794: A ram, yeah, a ram, a ram goat that's that's a male, a ram. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and uh a sheep you see is uh is called a ram, the fe- the male is and and goats is called a billy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and a female is called a nanny. Interviewer: And, what people raise sheep for? 794: Well They raise them to butcher them, to eat and they raise them to sheer them to get the wool to make wool clothes out of. Interviewer: The animals you get pork from are called? 794: Hogs. Interviewer: When they're first born, you call them 794: Pigs. Interviewer: What about when they're a little older? 794: Shoats. Interviewer: How big is a shoat? 794: Well he's up to uh from uh five or six months old up to something like ten months old. Interviewer: How much would he weigh? 794: Well uh some of them would weigh uh Thirty or forty pounds, some weigh fifty, some seventy-five. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's just common hog course now these fine blooded hogs they weigh more than that Interviewer: What would you call a, the skinny kind of hog that's grown up out in the woods? 794: Scrub hogs. Scrub hogs. Interviewer: Any other kind? 794: Well not in the woods they didn't course sometimes they they'd mix breed them put the fine blooded hogs with 'em what they call a Hampshire hog. That's uh more like uh a scrub hog than any other hog there is and the grain of the meat is more of a uh like a scrub hog, woods hog than any other hog is and it's really the best flavored meat there is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But now uh uh these Duroc Jerseys hogs A Berkshire hogs A Poland China hogs they're, they're a faster growing hog and they're a larger hog but now this here Berkshire and Poland China Their meat is is really good to eat but these uh Duroc Jerseys is more of a lard hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh their meat it's it's a coarse grain and the grains of it is more like a twine it's the size of a twine of string Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it isn't a good flavored meat. It's more of a lard meat than any other kind. Interviewer: What do you call a female hog? 794: That's a sow. Interviewer: #1 What do you? # 794: #2 That's a she. # She you see. Female is is is a is a she. Or or what they call it a sow. Interviewer: What if she's never had pigs? 794: Uh uh well it's uh boar, call it a boar if uh it it it's a guild of a certain age but she don't have pigs it's a barren sow. a barren sow don't don't uh breed you see Interviewer: Have you done anything to her? 794: No. #1 No. They're, they're born that away. # Interviewer: #2 It's just that way. # 794: They're born that away and of course uh plain talk and all but some women you see's that away They're what you call barren. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Women. Interviewer: What would you call the male hog? 794: A boar. Interviewer: Was that word alright to use? 794: Well A male is more proper than the boar is. Male hog. Interviewer: And the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back, 794: The which? Interviewer: The stiff hairs. 794: Stiff hairs? Well uh that's the uh the stiff hairs that's the bristle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's the bristles, only that's mostly on the neck. Interviewer: What's the big teeth that they had? 794: That's the tusks Interviewer: And what you put the food in for the hog is called a? 794: Food for the, put in the food for the hog? Interviewer: No, what, what you put the food in. 794: Oh, a trough. Interviewer: And if you had three or four of those you'd say you have three or four 794: Three or four troughs. Interviewer: And, if you had some hens and turkeys and geese and so forth and they were getting hungry, you'd say you had to feed the 794: Had to feed the, the the flock the sheep I mean the the turkeys or the chickens or the ducks Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Have to feed them all, course you can't feed them together, you have to feed them separate. Interviewer: If it's time to feed the stock and do your work you'd say it's 794: time to do up the night work Interviewer: And, the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? 794: Well {NW} When when it's being weaned you call it a yearling calf Interviewer: What noise does it make though? 794: Oh it bleats. Interviewer: What does a cow do? 794: She lows. Interviewer: What if she's hungry? 794: Uh they low, low for the feed. Or a calf bleats for its feed Interviewer: What, what noise does she make if she wants her calf? 794: She lows. Lows for the calf. Interviewer: And what kind of noise does a horse make? 794: Well uh he nickers. Interviewer: And how would you call a cow to get her in out of the pasture? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What, what about calling a calf? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And how would you get the cow to stand still so you can milk her? 794: {NW} Interviewer: What about to move her leg back? 794: Back your leg. Back, back your leg, sometimes she wouldn't back it you'd have to push it back with your hand or hit it with your hand or and if they's mean about backing sometimes you'd have to kick them on the leg down here, shin part of the leg close to the foot between the knee and the foot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: To make them back it. Interviewer: How would you call a horse in out of pasture? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about to get them to turn left or right? 794: Do what? Interviewer: To turn them left or right? 794: Gee. Haw. Gee to the right, Haw to the left. Interviewer: And to get them started? 794: {NW} Get up. Interviewer: And to stop them? 794: Whoa. Interviewer: And to back them up? 794: Ye, back up. Back up, whoa, ye, back up. Interviewer: How would you call sheep? 794: Sheep? Well uh Sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep Interviewer: What about hogs? 794: {NW} pig pig pig, {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about to get them away from you? 794: {NW} Interviewer: And how'd you call chickens? 794: Call them chick chick chick chick chick Interviewer: And, um, how do you kill a hog, and what parts of the meat would you 794: Well uh you you can hit him in the head with a ax or a sledge kill him or you can shoot him or you can cut his throat and he bleeds to death. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What parts of the meat would you get from the hog, what inside parts do you eat? 794: Well uh you'd eat the liver or you can eat the heart and some people eats the uh entrails you see you can take the entrails and get all out of it and clean them and you can take a stick and run in there and you can turn them the other way and peel this inside off and uh you you you can make uh you could put in salty water and soak it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh you can make sausage. You grind meat you see, and season it up and put it in that and uh Interviewer: What if you just boil the entrails, what do you say you're making? 794: Well uh you can take the uh chitlins, call it chitlins, they boiled it and cooked it that away or fried it either one to make chit, chitlins out of it Interviewer: Did you ever hear of haslet or haslet? 794: Haslet? Horse let Well now they make hash now, I've heard of hash {X} make hash out of meat that away, course you put onions and salt and pepper or sometime you put garlic in it and you grind it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you make hash meat out of it. Or you can take the liver and make hash meat out of that. That's more of a hash meat than, than, than a meat is. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of making something with the liver and corn meal? 794: Liver and corn meal? Uh uh corn meal, liver and corn meal? Interviewer: Something called scrapple, or cripple, or pawn hoss? 794: No I don't believe I ever did hear of that. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of meat you can boil with greens? 794: Uh, hog jowls or middling meat Interviewer: What if it's salted? 794: Well if it's salty, you soak it. If it's too salty you soak it. Before you uh, like you go to cook it the next morning or the next day at noon you soak it the night before Interviewer: Well, there's, if you don't smoke the meat, if you 794: Smoke it? Well if you don't smoke it, why you, you put it down in salt. And you salt it down on a bench or a box someplace for this uh salty water, when it uh when it takes so much salt it draws the blood out of the meat and you fix that where it drains off you see. And then when you drain that off if you want dry salt meat you just wrap it up in salt and put it on a table or a bench or something that away. Or if you want uh you to be sure, sugar salt or liquor on it after you salt it down with this white salt you take it and you get you a pot like a big old wash pot and you boil your water in there and you and you put your meat in a tub and you pour this water in there and you take a rag and you wash this salt and all and let it soak a while and uh then you hang uh that up and you smoke it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: with a with a green hickory timber or sassafras himber, timber. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And a course some uh sassafras is literally the best flavor to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh And then you you can uh after it smokes and get dry enough course now ever it'd it'd get dry like a dry spell this way just a moment and gets dry and if it comes a rain it'll finally get to dripping water you got to put another smoke under it and and smoke it to get it dry again and uh if you get smoking about as much as you want to, give it a good flavor and all why then you can uh put it in boxes you can wrap it up in paper where it can get air you see or you can take it and uh put it down in white salt just put your layer salt down here put your layer of meat or middling or have one and then some more salt on it that away salt it down. Fix it to where the flies can't get to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the fat meat that comes from either side of the backbone? 794: Well uh that is uh from either side of the backbone come on down to the belly part of it that that's the middlings Interviewer: What about fat back? 794: Well you can call it the fat back or that's the strip back up next to the back that's the line, that's the line meat and uh so this down here is the middling meat but uh if people some people likes it kinda lean meat and some calls it fat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some trims most of the fat off and and uh and renders that up into uh {NS} to lard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cooks it you see. Renders up into lard and a course when they cook it this meat that they cook it out of it's, it rises to the top of the grease that's called cracklings and they take that off you see and some people makes, puts it in bread, makes crackling bread and some likes to eat the cracklings separate to theirself Interviewer: What do you call the um, kind of meat you buy already sliced to eat with eggs? 794: Well you call that bacon. Interviewer: Would you ever talk about a side of bacon or a #1 middling? # 794: #2 Yeah, middling. # Middling or or uh sliced bacon. Sliced bacon or middling meat. Course middling meat there they call it the middling meat there they call that for to boil with they don't slice that you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh this bacon they slice that real thin. Interviewer: What do you call the edge of the middling or the bacon that you cut off? 794: Well uh you call that, the edge you cut off, you call that the the belly part. Interviewer: Well it's actually the 794: belly part or the middling. Interviewer: What, what about the skin of the hog? You call that the? 794: Well the skin you see you cut off the shoulders or the hams you call that the {D: flitchit} Interviewer: The what? 794: The {D: flitchit}. You cut that off that's mostly lean meat You call that the {D: flitchit}, that's good for to fry Interviewer: Did you ever talk about bacon rind or meat skin? 794: Yeah Bacon rind that away That's the uh this part of the meat from here back up to the upper part of the middling, back next to the back bone Interviewer: Uh-huh. A person who kills and sells meat is called a 794: Is what? Interviewer: A person who kills and sells meat. 794: His own meat? Well He calls it bacon Interviewer: Well oh anybody who kills the meat and sells it would be called a 794: Well uh 794: the milk truck come by here but {C: muffled} but he'd find it quick and we'd go to town {C: muffled} to buy it {C: muffled} at the store {C: muffled} Interviewer: We're talking about the hogs, the person who would kill and sell meat is called a? 794: Well you you call it uh well if you sell it, kill it and sell it uh green sometimes sell the whole hog together that that's pork. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And if you cut it up and and sell it out thataway while it's green that's called pork but if you salt it down they call it bacon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do they call the the person who sells it? who cuts it up and 794: Well Well if it's just out like I am here uh they don't uh particularly have any name for it but uh so many people used to kill and sell it thataway they just all call it uh country meat you see. and uh Interviewer: Well say, the person who's doing the killing and the selling 794: #1 well that's the, # Interviewer: #2 and they called it # 794: they call that the owner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The owner of it. Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call a man who works in a store um 794: #1 You call that, # Interviewer: #2 behind the meat # 794: that the merchant well if he's in a market, selling meat and all uh that's a market man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and and uh they he generally if he buys stuff alive and has it killed, butchered the man he does that you call that the butcher man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If meat's been kept too long and it doesn't taste right, you'd say that it's done what? 794: Well uh if it's kept long and it don't taste right you see they have to keep it in these markets that they they don't salt it at all you see uh, they keep it on ice frigid air and all and and and keep it where it stays cold all the time but after it stays there so long it tastes a little old why they ain't supposed to keep it on a certain length of time see they have to get rid of it Interviewer: What would you call a child who always gets its own way? 794: Its which? Interviewer: A child that always gets its own way, his parents will do anything for him. You'd say the child is 794: A good child or oh uh agreeable Interviewer: But what if he's not like that, what if he 794: Well he he's mean, a- a- and he won't uh, and he won't obey Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: He's uh uh kind of uh um mean kind of a child or hardheaded or Interviewer: What if it's used to every, always getting his own way? He'll throw 794: Well uh e- e- e- He's uh If he gets in the way he he just uh kind of contrary child Interviewer: Mm-hmm. After you kill a hog, what can you make with the meat from its head? 794: Well you can make uh you can make uh you take the head and feet and make hog headed cheese they used to call it souse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But you make it, hog they call it hog headed cheese now or you could take the liver and the heart and you can make um I'll be doggone I done forgot that, I know what it is but Well I'll say Can't think of it Hmm. Interviewer: Could you make anything out of the blood? 794: Out of the blood? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah you can, some people make pudding out of, blood pudding. I never did like it though. Interviewer: How would they make it? 794: Well They'd take it and uh They they they they wouldn't sweeten it they didn't put uh sugar in it, they'd put salt in it and a little flour in it and they'd put uh some sage in it a little pepper and mix it up thataway and cook it, mix it all together see and cook it Interviewer: What would they make out of the liver? 794: Well uh Hash. Make hash out of the liver, that's what I was trying to think of awhile ago. Make hash out of the liver. Or you could fry the liver Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: and eat it and fry the liver or you could cut it up small and make hash out of it Interviewer: If you left, um, if you didn't put meat in the refrigerator, if you left it out for several days? 794: Well it'd spoil. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: It'd spoil thataway. Interviewer: What's the first thing you have to do after milking? To get the hair? 794: You bring your milk in and you strain it. {NS} Strain it through a strainer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or a thin cloth that you way back yonder used to use thin cloths for it you see but now they have strainers for it Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, a kind of fruit that grows down in Florida. 794: Fruit? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well uh they raise oranges out there Interviewer: Say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left. You'd say the oranges are? 794: All gone. Interviewer: And if you left an apple lying around, and it dried up you'd say the skin of that dried apple was all 794: was all dried up Interviewer: Or it gets smaller and #1 wrinkled? # 794: #2 gets smaller, wrinkled or # shrinks. It shrinks up. Interviewer: Do you ever say it shrivels up or shrivels? 794: Yeah, shrivels up that's right. Shrivels or shrinks either one. Interviewer: And on a cherry, the inside part of a cherry that you don't eat, it's called a 794: Seed. Interviewer: What about in a peach? 794: Well a peach it has a seed too, you don't eat that and uh not many people eats the peeling. Some eats the peeling, where it's a good ripe peach they wash it you see and they'll eat the peeling too, but th- they generally peel them. Just like a apple. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: eh eh You peel apples. Now uh way back yonder when people used to raise apples why they'd eat peeling and all. The doctor says that there's more medicine in the peeling than there is in the apple. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh they put something on them now, they claim and say you're not supposed to eat them. Course I I buy I eat a lot of apples I buy apples nearly every time I go to town but I wash my apples but I peel it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They the peeling that's on it now it's tough and it's kinda hard to chew Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they claim that's not good for you to eat but the old and before they put this desert or whatever call uh kinda some kind of something on there I don't know, some kind of a liquid I don't know what it was that they put on there it makes it tough and they claim it's not good to to eat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What part of the apple, besides the peeling, do you not eat? 794: The, the meat. You mean what kind do I eat? Interviewer: What kind, what part do you throw away? 794: Oh you throw the peeling away. Interviewer: And what else? 794: And the seed. Interviewer: uh-huh 794: Throw sow throw the seed away course they're really fine seeds these apples is they have a lot of seed in them not like a peach you see a peach just had one seed in it and the apple has a lot of seed but they're small little black seed Interviewer: When you open up the seed of a peach, what do you call that part inside it? 794: The kernel. Interviewer: And there's one kind of peach that it's hard to get the meat off the seed 794: That's the pressed seed. Interviewer: What's the other kind? 794: Clear seed. Interviewer: And when you cut up apples and dry them, you say you're making? 794: You make dried apples, you can make dried apple pies out of them Interviewer: Have you ever heard dried apples called snit? 794: Yeah, I've heard of them but I don't believe I ever did eat any. Interviewer: You've heard of? 794: Kind of a dried apple snip. Snip I believe they called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where did you hear that? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Where did you hear that? 794: Where'd I, what'd I do with that or? Interviewer: Where did you hear that? 794: Oh Oh I don't know I don't remember, it's been years on that account I don't remember, several different people talking you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just a second. What different kinds of nuts grow around here? 794: Pecans. Hickory nuts. and uh Chinkapins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I believe that's all. Interviewer: What, what kind of 794: Black, black walnuts is but very few people that has those, used to be a lot of them here but not many here now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The black walnut and the pecans. and chinkapins. Interviewer: What kind grows in the ground? 794: Which? Interviewer: What kind of nut grows down in the ground? 794: Well um Interviewer: You'd roast it. 794: They don't any kind grows here in the ground, now I'd heard this is just hearsay I never did see them grow I've heard that coconut grows in ground Interviewer: Uh-huh. But what, what would you plant here that you'd roast? 794: Peanuts. Interviewer: Is there another name for peanuts? 794: Penders. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 794: Yeah, penders and peanuts all the same yeah. Interviewer: What's the kind of nut that's shaped like your eye? 794: Shaped like your eye? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or, you know the Hershey bars that you can buy? There's two kinds, there's Hershey bars that are plain and then there's Hershey bars with what kind of nut? 794: Well some is uh well um peanuts, and some with uh pecans and there's some with uh butter nuts English walnuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I don't believe they well the- they make some, some candy with coconuts you see, with coconut make coconut candy Interviewer: What about almond or almond? 794: Well you make almond candy too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But I never did see any almonds grow. Interviewer: When a walnut first comes off the tree, it's got a soft green covering on it. 794: Yeah it has a green covering on it and that's the outside bark, they call it and that dries you see and you get that off Interviewer: And then you have to crack the 794: You, you have to crack that break it you see to get that uh the meat part out of it Interviewer: What do you call the harder part that you have to crack? 794: The hull. Interviewer: And, what different things would people grow in a garden around here? 794: Well they grow uh turnips, mustard pepper squashes cucumbers tomatoes peas beans things like that. Interviewer: What different kinds of beans? 794: Well butter beans and uh pole beans {NS} course there's several different kinds you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there another name for pole beans? 794: Pinto. Pinto beans. Interviewer: Is that the same as pole beans? 794: Well uh It- It's a running bean but it's a different kind of a bean, it has a different flavor from the pole bean. Interviewer: What about green beans or snap beans? 794: Well snap beans uh that generally uh a pole bean, that's a running bean you have to stick in you see, sticks for them to run up on and then there, there's uh there's a low bean that you that you uh don't have to stick called a butter bean Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there another name for butter beans? 794: I never did {D: hear it.} Interviewer: What about Lima beans? 794: Well there's Lima beans too Interviewer: There's what? 794: Yeah a Lima bean, that that's a different kind of bean from a pole, from a butter bean. Interviewer: How's it different? 794: Well it's a different flavor. It's just like uh a black-eyed pea and a purple hull pea Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and a Dixie lee pea and and the clay pea a clay pea is what they call a field pea goes in the field and it's for people can eat it or stock can eat it Interviewer: What does a butter bean look like? #1 What color? # 794: #2 Well it's # a little bunching, it ha- it has a little kind of a flat bean has two or three beans to it it's kind of a flat bean or something like the size of the end of your finger thataway Interviewer: To get it out you have to? 794: Yeah you have to break it you have to break this to get it out and some of them's a little hard to break Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or if they're real dry you can't hardly break them with your, with your hand your finger and your thumb but if they're green you could just turn up a {X} around away and smash them and break them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you say you're doing, when you do that? 794: Well that is uh shelling them Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well, how does a butter bean and a Lima bean look different? 794: well uh a butter bean is is shorter and a more of a flat bean Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: than a Lima bean is. Interviewer: What's a little red thing that grows down in the ground? 794: Radishes. Interviewer: And, what do you call the kind of tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? 794: Uh that's the uh I can't think of the name of it but it's an old time tomato just a small uh small tomato a little bunch tomato it grows out and makes a big bush you know just has lots of tomatoes on it I forget what they call them a w- uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear Tommy Toes or salad tomatoes? 794: I don't believe I did. And then we have other tomatoes here we have uh uh kind of a small tomato or it's larger than those tomatoes uh shape of a pear Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I always call them prairie tomatoes but that's not the correct name for them I don't remember what they what they call it but I always call it a prairie tomato and then we have several different kinds of tomatoes uh have the big boy tomato and uh what kind is this that we've got planted? aux: Rooters, and then the uh alley tomato, 794: Yeah. aux: That's them little tomatoes. 794: Yeah different kinds you know. But they they all about the same size tomato all except this little prairie tomato it's smaller only they have different flavor Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kinds of potatoes do you grow? 794: Sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes. Interviewer: Is there another name for sweet potatoes? 794: Well no No other name except different kinds of sweet potatoes. There's uh, there's a yam, {X} yam Interviewer: What does a yam look like? 794: Oh it it's uh kind of a red a yellowish looking {NS} color and there's a Puerto Rico potato it has a pink peeling on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and uh {NS} there's a gold russet potato it has uh a kind of a a yellow peeling on it and uh there's a white potato sweet potato called {X} {X} potato I don't see any of them now Interviewer: Is this white sweet potato? 794: Yeah white white uh peeling of it white they call it {X} potato and it tastes sorta like the flavoring of a banana Interviewer: Hmm. 794: But I haven't saw any of them for years and years my father used to grow them Interviewer: I don't think I've ever seen those, that kind. 794: And they're they're not a large round potato they're a long potato they grow from that size up size your arm here and they'd grow to that long or something like that long Interviewer: They grow about ten inches #1 long? # 794: #2 Yeah. # Eight or ten inches long. That's called a {X} potato. Interviewer: What's something that's green and people cook it in gumbo? It's a green vegetable, it's, you've probably got it planted out here. 794: Well uh We have pepper and we have uh uh cucumbers and tomatoes and uh some puts uh a cabbage in them cabbage greens Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And mix it thataway. Interviewer: Well what, what would you have planted, it's green it's about this long and it's kinda bristly outside and sticky inside. 794: Oh okra? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Okra yeah. Interviewer: You growing that? 794: Yeah we grow that too. and it's two or three different kinds of it there's one kind it's uh it's shape of a diamond Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It don't grow to be very long. Some thataway to that about like that and then they have another okra it's a slick kind of okra it grows long pods thataway {D: it it} yeah uh-huh six or eight inches long and it it's a kind of a round pod of okra Interviewer: But the other one's about the size of your finger? 794: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: Um, something that would make your eyes water if you cut it would be 794: Do which? Interviewer: What would make your eyes water if you cut it? 794: Oh that's uh onions Interviewer: What do you call the little ones that you pull up and eat before they get very big? 794: That's a multiplying multiplying onion Interviewer: Any other name for them? 794: Well I never did hear of any other kind except multiplying that's all I ever heard for that kind and and then there's uh there's a evergreen onion that's a kind of a winter winter kind of an onion Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And then there's Bermuda onions that makes a large root to it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Some of them grows to be as uh as large as uh the top of that glass there something like the size of a large Irish potato aux: Do you play that back for your school? Interviewer: Yeah. aux: You will? {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Someone will listen to it. aux: Ah, and some will study it, yeah. Interviewer: Um, what are some uh what different kinds of squash do people have? 794: Well uh {NS} I don't know what the names of the squashes was one kind of squash that all we ever used here just squash is all I ever did know I never did hear that correct name or what kind of squash it was Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a, a white flat kind of squash? 794: I don't believe I did. Interviewer: And, something that's um you make pie out of at Thanksgiving, 794: Well that's pumpkins or {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What other kinds of melons do people raise? 794: Melon watermelon mush melon cantaloupes Interviewer: What's the difference between mush melon and cantaloupe? 794: Well a mush melon is larger uh that there's some like that size and a cantaloupe is small and a cantaloupe is a little better flavor than a mush melon is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are there different kinds of watermelons? 794: Yeah there's different kinds of watermelons there's the what they call used to call the old time watermelon rattlesnake watermelon that's a large watermelon with uh uh dark stripes across it and uh the rind is green you see and there's a dark darker stripes across it and uh then there's uh what they call uh a sugar watermelon {D: or Kleckley} sweet {D: Kleckley} sweet watermelon Interviewer: What do they look like? 794: Well they're they're a kind of a long one with a green one they're about generally about that long and about that large around Interviewer: About how many inches long? 794: Well they're from all the way from twelve to fourteen inches long and then there's a marlin melon the same color a that but they grow larger they grow from from uh ten {NS} to eighteen inches long Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh there's a cubed queen that's green melon it grows about from eight to twelve inches long. and uh there's uh a yellow meated melon that has there's two different kinds of them one of them is a kind of a striped kind it's a round melon and then there's a long green green rind melon it's about from twelve to fourteen inches long it's something like the shape of a Kleckley sweet or the marlin melon only it don't oh grow to be as large Interviewer: What's something that's green that grows round, that people would grow in the garden? You'd mentioned cabbage, what else? 794: Let's see um Interviewer: What's kind of like cabbage? 794: Let's see um What kind of a flavor it's supposed to have #1 do you # Interviewer: #2 well no # it's not a melon, it's just something that 794: Grows green? Interviewer: It's kind of like cabbage. Do you have cabbage planted out here? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What else do you have? 794: Collards Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Cabbage and collards. And a course we have uh turnips and mustard they're green you see but you know turnips is uh you can eat the roots of that that grows underground that uh well it grows kinda on top of the ground Interviewer: #1 you don't # 794: #2 actually # round and like and you can eat the greens of it too and uh there's lettuce Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: you can grow that Interviewer: How does that grow? It comes in 794: Well it uh it grows kinda like uh a cabbage does kinda heads like makes a round head sorta like cabbage green does Interviewer: If you wanted to buy some, you'd ask for maybe three, what of lettuce three 794: Well let's see. You'd have to call for lettuce, you see. Interviewer: You'd ask for three? 794: Yeah it- and and uh when you buy it out of your store sometime the outside leaves is been there too long you see you peel that off it just like a cabbage you buy these cabbage heads in there and you have to peel the outside part of them off there Interviewer: Would you ever use the word head talking about children? Like if someone had five children, to say he had five heads of children? 794: Yeah five head of children. Interviewer: How does that sound? 794: Well It It didn't sound too good for to say heads of children for heads of things that's more like cattle or hogs you see and you call it heads Interviewer: What if someone had about fourteen children? You'd say he really had a 794: Large family. Large family of children. Interviewer: Do you ever say a passel? 794: Well I've heard that too but uh a passel of children uh but uh eh Sounded more convenient for a family of children than it did passel of children Interviewer: The outside of the corn is called the 794: Shuck. Interviewer: And the stringy stuff? 794: This which? Interviewer: The stringy stuff on it. 794: Grains. Interviewer: Or that you, the strings that grow on 794: Oh uh that's the silk Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: The silk on it. They have, you have the the cob the grain the silk and the shuck Interviewer: What grows at the top of the corn stalk? 794: uh tassel. Interviewer: And the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 794: That's roasting ears. Interviewer: Is that a particular kind of corn or just 794: Well uh No You can you can uh eat out of a a field corn or a sweet corn uh course there's uh there's different kind of field corn and uh there's one kind of corn course when it's in roasting ears it's all soft enough to eat but there's one kind they call prolific there's two different kinds of prolific one's the Jarvis prolific it's a yellow kind of a corn it it makes good fresh corn to eat and there's hastings prolific it's a white corn and when it gets dry it's hard Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: eh uh A horse that hadn't got good teeth can't eat it and it hadn't got the oil in it that the the other oh the Jarvis prolific it hadn't got i mean the hastings prolific it hadn't got the flavoring so much oil and all and a good flavor is Jarvis prolific is and then there's um there's a shoe pig corn it's a yellow corn with long green corn it has a little hook on the end of it sorta like the end of your fingernail Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That give up to be the best corn there is that's the kind of corn that I have here and then they have a yellow dent corn it's a yellow corn but uh it uh not such uh a rich kind of a corn and then they have uh red cob rogers corn it's something like equal to the shoe pig corn Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and that's about all the kind of corn I believe well no there ain't there's another kind of corn there's a red kind of a corn uh I don't know what they call just a red red corn red field corn the grains is red and then they used to have a corn it different color grains some of them's red and some of them's blue and some of them's yellow that's what they call a strawberry corn Interviewer: Would you eat that? 794: Yeah it's really good it's good it makes it's good for stock to eat and it's good for people to eat and makes good meal too {D:wet} meal or for bread or good roasting ears Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Either one of them. Interviewer: What would you call a little umbrella shaped that grows up in the woods or fields after it rains? 794: This what? Interviewer: A little umbrella shaped thing, that grows up in the woods or the fields after it rains? If you'd had a heavy rain, some of them are big and white and it'd just spring up 794: That's not a berry is it? Interviewer: No it's something you'd have out in your yard maybe, it looks like a little umbrella. 794: Oh oh that's uh uh a China that's what they call a China tree a umbrella China tree aux: {X} Interviewer: Or smaller though, not a tree just a little #1 plant that # 794: #2 a little plant? # aux: {X} 794: I believe you got me on that. {NW} {C: laughing} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a toadstool or a frog bench? 794: No I've heard of uh a frog beds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: something like that there frogs makes them a bed you know out in the ground Interviewer: What's something though that would grow in the yard? That's shaped like a little umbrella, it's got a little stem to it and then a little cap on top. It's real soft, you could just kick it over. 794: Oh that's uh crawfish crawfish bed it's dirt the crawfish and there's crawfish and now they make a hold in the ground and and and they make a around here and and build it up sometimes that high Interviewer: Well something that grows though after say if you had a heavy rain something that would spring up that grows out in, in the yard 794: Is it a kind of weed? Interviewer: Well aux: {NW} {C: laughter} 794: I don't believe I can think of it. aux: {X} 794: Oh! Mushrooms. Mushroom, yeah, mushroom. Interviewer: Can you eat those? 794: No. I never did I I- I've heard of people eating them now there's a certain kind of mushroom you can eat but not like the kind that grows here. Interviewer: Any other name for mushrooms? 794: I never did hear of it. Interviewer: What about um, fairy cap or frog stool or toad stool? 794: No I never did hear of that just mushroom's I ever heard of that kind. Interviewer: And something people smoke made out of tobacco 794: A ratted tobacco? Used to be a kind of ratted tobacco that grows here to smoke and uh I have knew of boys to smoke uh uh in cigarettes the silks, corn silks corn silks make cigarettes out of them I used to smoke them myself when I'd go to school a bunch of us boys we'd get some corn silks course the teachers wouldn't allow us to smoke they knew but we'd slip off out in the woods you see and smoke them at Interviewer: {NW} 794: Recess hour and noon hour. Interviewer: What's a big brown thing people smoke? Bigger than a cigarette. 794: uh cigars Interviewer: And if someone offered to do you a favor, you might say well I appreciate it but I don't want to feel, if you don't want to feel like you owe them something then, you'd say I don't want to feel like I'm 794: A cable or feel like that I don't care about smoking or Interviewer: No if someone offers to do you, to do a, to do you a favor 794: Oh Interviewer: You might say well thank you, but I don't want to feel, what? You'd say obligated or beholden or how would you say that? 794: Not obligated to to use that or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Not under obligations to use it. Interviewer: And, you'd say I'll dare, a child might say, I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you 794: Bet you wouldn't go or be afraid to go Interviewer: Do you ever say I bet you daren't go or dassn't go 794: Yeah I've heard of uh Well I dare you to go to a graveyard at night or something uh a ghost will get you they call them a ghost you see but that's just all talk Interviewer: {NW} Um, you'd tell a child you're not doing what you 794: Supposed to do. Interviewer: What's another way of saying that? 794: What you should do. Interviewer: Or what you 794: Should not do. Interviewer: Do you ever say what you 794: What you should do or what you're supposed to do or supposed not to do or sh-, or should not do #1 Or what you ou- # Interviewer: #2 or what you're going to do # 794: or have done Interviewer: What about using the word ought? You'd say you're not doing what you 794: Supposed to do Interviewer: Or using the word ought. 794: {X} I don't believe I Interviewer: Do you say what you ought to do 794: What you ought to do What you ought not to do Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if someone asked you to do something and you just refused to do it you'd say, they'd ask you will you do that and you'd say no I 794: No I will not. {X} Will not or don't care to. Interviewer: Or no I 794: No I {NS} I won't. Interviewer: Huh? 794: No I won't. Interviewer: And, if you had done something that was hard work, and all the time you were working a friend was just standing around watching you work, without offering to help, when you get through working you might tell him instead of just standing there, you know, you might 794: Help me. Interviewer: You'd already finished working you'd say you might 794: Might help me do this or should help me Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if I ask you if you'll be able to do some work next week you might say well I'm not sure but I 794: I'll try to. Interviewer: Do you ever say I might could? 794: I might might help you or I might not or or I try to. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say that would be hard mountain to 794: to do hard hard hard work to do or Interviewer: or 794: might be hard to do or too hard to do Interviewer: Uh-huh. And talking about a mountain, you'd say that would be a hard mountain to 794: To climb. Interviewer: But last year my neighbor 794: Clumb it. Interviewer: But I have never 794: Clumb it. Interviewer: And, say if, if you had a question, I might say well I don't know the answer to your question, you better go what someone else? 794: Go to someone else and find out or see Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: for sure. Interviewer: Go what them your question? 794: This which? Interviewer: You'd, you'd go over to them and 794: and and and and ask them about it Interviewer: And, you'd say so I went over there and I 794: asked him that question Interviewer: And he might say, you're the second person who has 794: Second person who has asked me about that. {NS} {C: phone ringing} Someone calling you. aux: {X} 794: That may be {D:Brenda} down here, that's the little girl down here that uh Interviewer: With the plumbing? 794: #1 No she calls my wife a lot of time she # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: #1 she goes to my wife she asks me # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: #1 treats my wife like she's her mother you know she wants to know anything she'll ask my wife about it # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: #1 And she's about, something about your size, # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: #1 she's um # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: She's only about uh aux: {X} {C: talking on the telephone} 794: fifteen now Interviewer: She's married? 794: Oh yeah she's got a baby she, she married when she was about fourteen. Interviewer: Gosh. 794: Thirt- thirteen, I believe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: At thirteen she married. And her husband he was he wasn't quite sixteen when he married. aux: {X} {C: talking on the telephone} Interviewer: You'd say um, those boys got mad and, those boys would get mad and do what? aux: {X} {C: talking on the telephone} 794: Fight? Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say yesterday they got mad and 794: Got mad and fought. Interviewer: And ever since they were small have aux: {X} {C: talking on the telephone} 794: Troubled, or or Interviewer: They have what each other? 794: They had uh ill will toward each other and want to fight each other Interviewer: And you'd say um, ever since they were small they have 794: They had trouble. Interviewer: And they have what each other? 794: They'd fight with each other. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say um You'd say he, they have never what each other? 794: Never fought each other, never had no trouble with each other. Interviewer: And, you'd say I, I threw the ball and he 794: He caught it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd throw the ball and ask someone to 794: To catch. Interviewer: And I've been fishing but I haven't 794: This which? Interviewer: I've been fishing all day but I haven't 794: Caught anything. Interviewer: And talking about something you'd see in your sleep, this is what I 794: Dreamed of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And often when I go to sleep I 794: I dream. Interviewer: But I can't always remember what I have 794: Oh what I dreamed. Interviewer: What I have 794: Wh- Wh- What I drum, or what I dreamed I believe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I can't always remember what I dream. Interviewer: And you say I dreamed I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I {NS} 794: Fell. Interviewer: Or I was dreaming and then I 794: I fell I woke up Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the kind of bird that can see in the dark 794: Is um a pigeon Interviewer: or that can see in the dark 794: can see in the what kind of bird I can see in the dark? Interviewer: What kind of bird sees in the dark? Makes a scary noise around a graveyard? 794: Whippoorwill Interviewer: What makes a scary noise though? 794: Well uh Sometimes a dove does and and {NS} and a but what makes a {X} is a owl Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some called them a scrunch owl and some called them a who owl Interviewer: Are they the same thing? 794: No, it's a different kind of owl a scrunch owl is a small owl and it had a kind of a small head a small face and a who owl he's a pretty good size owl and and he has uh a large head Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Large face and all. And uh he said who who who who who who a whoo-ahhh {C: mimicking owl} thataway and and and a scrunch owl they they'll scream like Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh sorta like uh a cat a wild cat or something like that say {X} {C: screaming sound} something thataway Interviewer: Do y'all have those around there still? 794: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's a kind of black and white animal that's got a real strong smell? 794: Pole cat. Interviewer: Say some animals have been coming and killing your chickens, you didn't know just what kind they were. 794: It's a mink. Interviewer: What else could it be? 794: A possum. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: possum. They killed your chicken mink A possum will catch them and kill them they'll eat them Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And a mink they'll catch them and they'll cut the throat and they'll suck the blood out of them they they won't eat the meat. They just suck the blood out of them. Interviewer: What general name would you have for those kind of animals that come and kill your chickens? You'd say I'm gonna get a gun and kill those 794: Wild animals or uh mink or coons or whatever kind it is Interviewer: Would you ever call them varmints? 794: Varmints yeah varmints that's right well uh that includes all of them together you see varmints that's the coon or a mink or or a or owl or anything like that that's certain kind of owls that kills your chickens too and catches them and a hawk Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A hawk catches chickens course they go, they don't come to your chicken house at night they catch them in the daytime Interviewer: Would a rat be a varmint? 794: Well uh in a way no it it uh it's not say a varmint it's it's might say a pest Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A rat'll eat your corn or if you have any kind of seed out grains it'll eat that or peanuts Interviewer: What's a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 794: A bushy? Interviewer: A bushy tailed animal? 794: Well uh That's a squirrel. Interviewer: What different kinds of squirrels are there? 794: Well there's a cat squirrel and there's a fox squirrel. There's uh there's uh a red fox squirrel and there's a black fox squirrel. Interviewer: Is the fox squirrel bigger than the 794: Bigger than a cat squirrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there something like a squirrel that's got little stripes down its back? 794: Well uh uh there's a pole cat that has stripes on its back Interviewer: Do you have something called a chipmunk or a ground squirrel? 794: Well yeah there's a ground squirrel Interviewer: What does that look like? 794: Well, it it's smaller than a a cat squirrel is or a fox squirrel and uh it's not fit to eat. Now a fox squirrel or a cat squirrel is good to eat and there's a flying squirrel it has wings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It's not fit to eat either. Interviewer: Does a ground squirrel have stripes on it? 794: Yes it has stripes on it. Interviewer: Can it climb trees? 794: Well I don't think they can. I think they just get generally on the ground like a rabbit you see a rabbit can't climb Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Trees. But a squirrel can. Interviewer: What different kinds of fish do you get around here? 794: Catfish. Perch fish. Uh goggle-eye fish. Brim. Interviewer: What about in the salt water? 794: Well uh there's some in salt water now this here water up here on the Cedar of this creek between here and Winnfield that's a kind of salt water and it runs into {D: Dugdemona} and that's a kind of a salt water too but um there's different kind of fish there's a trout in there and there's speckled perch there's a brim there's a white perch there's what they call a red bellied perch and there's catfish there's a jackfish and there's a Grendel and there's a garfish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a Grendel look like? 794: Well it it's a kind of a long kind of a long fish uh sort of the shape of a jackfish some people eats them but I never did never did care about the flavor of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Now catfish is good to eat and buffalo. now buffalo a lot of people eats them they they sell them here at the markets and trout every once in occasion but not so very often and uh they sell catfish and buffalo Interviewer: What do they sell that comes from south of here down at the Gulf? 794: Shrimp. Interviewer: If you wanted to buy some of those you'd ask for maybe three pounds of 794: of shrimp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah about three pounds of shrimp you see that they're small {D: stuff so like} Interviewer: What, what does uh pearls grow in? 794: Huh? Interviewer: What do pearls grow in? 794: I really don't know. Interviewer: Well what, what comes in a shell? {NS} That they 794: Oysters? Interviewer: Huh? 794: Oysters. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something you hear making a noise around the lake at night 794: Well it's generally some kind of a varmint. Interviewer: Well something that hops around that makes a croaking noise? 794: Frogs. Interviewer: What different kinds of frogs? 794: Well uh there's a toad frog. There's a bullfrog. And there's a spring frog. Interviewer: How big is a spring frog? 794: Well uh he's something like uh something like a bullfrog what they call a bullfrog they're larger than the toad frog Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call the ones that are real small? 794: In the frog line? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The little green ones you might see it on a 794: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 tree or # on your, your screens 794: Tree frogs. That's what you call a tree frog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They go up on the trees. Interviewer: If you wanted to go fishing, what might you dig up to go fishing with? 794: Do which? Interviewer: If you wanted to go fishing, what could you dig up to go fishing 794: Earth worms. Earth worms. Interviewer: And a small fish you could use. 794: Well you'd use earth worms or small fish or you could take these little minnows catch these little minnows off and out of the water and use them for for um larger fish course some small fish'll bite them but uh small fish rather have these earthworms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh You can catch trout fish with these uh minnows Interviewer: mm-hmm. What's a hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell? 794: Or what? Interviewer: What's something that has a hard shell that can pull its neck and legs into its shell? 794: Oh that's a terrapin or a turtle Interviewer: What's the difference? 794: Well a terrapin uh they're just on a dry land and they're smaller that than a turtle is a turtle they wanna stay in the water and uh they're good to eat. But I never did hear of anybody eating terrapins. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of turtles called cooters? 794: No I don't believe I have. Interviewer: And you'd say um, say if a bee stung you, you'd say your hand did what? 794: Stung. By a bee. Interviewer: And that after you were stung, your hand 794: swollen up. Interviewer: And you'd say it's still pretty badly 794: Yeah pretty badly swollen. Interviewer: And if a bee stings you then you hand'll 794: Will swell up and it and it's see it's poison to it and and you have to uh {X} to put something on that some kind of liniment something or other to take that poison out of it and take the swelling out of it Interviewer: What can you put on it? 794: You can you can well it's several different kinds of liniments there's a {D: balsamic} liniment and there's uh oh I have them in there What's the name of that liniment you rub on them? aux: Absorbine junior. 794: -orbine junior. And then there's another kind I forget what it is now and and then uh {D: alky} rub is pretty good to put on a sting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Place thataway. Course it's not as good as this liniment is. {D: This balsamic} liniment it's good for rheumatism. or good for risings, where risings coming on any places it's fixing to head and it's throbbing you can put this balsamic liniment on bed it real good and uh it it it'll quit aching it'll it'll get easier and you bathe it again and you bathe often enough it'll finally come to head where you can have it lanced and it still won't hurt you when it's coming to a head. Interviewer: Is there another name for a rising? 794: Bunions. Well a bunion no that's not like a rising is it's kind of a a growth like kind of a growth like that grows on your your feet Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a boil? 794: A what? Interviewer: A boil? 794: Boil well there's boils too or that's something like uh a rising except they don't come to a head just like a rising does {X} sore all together your see it's Interviewer: It doesn't have a head in it? 794: Well uh Not much of a head it it's more of a just continued bruised place like Interviewer: What, when a rising opens, the stuff that drains out is? 794: Oh well you call that the puss. But you only get the main part of it is the core the core of the rising, you get that core out and then you mash that puss out you see and you can get the puss out if you don't get this core out it it won't heal up Interviewer: What do you have in a blister? Well a blister that's where uh like your shoe rubs your foot Mm-hmm. 794: Or you're working chopping or sawing and it cause a blister to come in your hand thataway well you um you generally take a stick a needle some people sticks a pin in but a pin is poison you stick stick a needle in there and uh it it and drain it out mash it and get it out of there Interviewer: Get what out? 794: Or or the puss you got a puss a water like in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh or you can take your point of a knife that's sharp point of knife and open it with it Interviewer: Mm--hmm. Oh. You'd say I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it what? 794: I didn't understand that. Interviewer: Say that it was bad weather, you'd say 794: Oh Interviewer: I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it 794: a raining. Interviewer: When it what to rain? When it 794: Raining or sprinkling. Sprinkling or raining. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, you'd say he was feeling so good that instead of walking he what all the way home? 794: He uh Interviewer: Instead of walking, he 794: He crawled or he uh staggered or Interviewer: No, he's feeling good. 794: Oh feel good oh he run Interviewer: Mm-kay. 794: He run yeah. Interviewer: You'd say he has what a mile? 794: Quite a mile. Interviewer: He has already 794: Went a went a mile. He he's already went a mile already gone a mile or already went a mile Interviewer: We're talking about him running, he's already 794: Already run ran a mile Run a mile or some called it run some called it ran Interviewer: Which would you say? 794: Well I believe I'd call it it if he's already done it he's all, he's already ran a mile and if he hadn't done it and he'd going to he's a go- going to run a mile Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say that's the book that you what me for Christmas? 794: Say what is that? Interviewer: That's the book that you what me for Christmas? 794: #1 I don't believe I understand that. # Interviewer: #2 Well # If it's Christmas I would I'd buy you a present 794: #1 Oh a present # Interviewer: #2 and then # 794: Present for Christmas #1 A Christmas present. # Interviewer: #2 And I'd, I'd what it to you? # I'd 794: I sent it to you or mail it to you or bring it to you {C: loud background noise} Interviewer: You'd say I, I brought it to you {C: loud background noise} 794: Brought it, brought it to me. {C: loud background noise} Interviewer: And I what it to you? {C: loud background noise} {NS} 794: Do what? {C: loud background noise} {X} {C:plane flying overhead} Interviewer: If I, if I brought it you, you'd say I, I {C: loud background noise} 794: I brought it to you. {C: loud background noise} Interviewer: And then I what it to you? When I handed it over to you 794: Hand it to you. #1 Hand it to you. # Interviewer: #2 Talking about giving it # #1 You'd say I # 794: #2 I gave it to you. # Interviewer: And you'd say um, you have what me many presents before. You have 794: Given gaven me Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: {X} {C: Stuttering} Present before. Interviewer: And you'd say um if I'd borrowed something from you I'd say when I'm finished with it I'll 794: Bring it to you. Interviewer: And er what it back to you? 794: Bring it bring it back to yous. Exchange it back to you or swap it to you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the kind of, an insect that flies around a light. 794: Uh gnats and mosquitoes Interviewer: What's something that if you grab it powder comes off in your hand? #1 Looks kinda like # 794: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Huh? 794: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what eats holes in your wool clothes? 794: What does? Interviewer: What kinds of bugs eat clothes in your wool 794: Oh Oh um Interviewer: You call them 794: I'll think of it I know what it is Moths Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd call that, talking about just one 794: Well you'd call it a moth or or um just I believe that's all Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's an insect that has a little light in its tail? 794: Lightning bug. Interviewer: And a little insect that gets on your skin, a real small one, if you go through the woods 794: Fleas. Interviewer: Or smaller than that, it's red. 794: Oh a red bug. Interviewer: And, what kinds of it's, this is a kind of insect that's got a long thin body, got two pairs of real shiny wings, and it's supposed to, um, eat mosquitoes? 794: Oh that's a mosquito mosquito fly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah a mosquito fly. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called a snake doctor? 794: No. Don't believe it. Interviewer: What kinds of insects will sting you? 794: A wasp yellow jacket or a hornet and a bee a honey bee will sting you Interviewer: Talking about the wasp, talking about several of those, you'd talk about several 794: Well there there's a red wasp and there's uh there's a striped wasp and there's another kind let me see uh Interviewer: so there's several different kinds of 794: several different kinds of wasps and then there's a bumble bee and there's a hornet they'll sting you. Interviewer: What does, where does a yellow jacket build a nest? 794: In the ground. Interviewer: What's something that builds a nest out of dirt or mud? 794: Oh um craw fish. Interviewer: Or a kind of a, it flies, builds it up on the side of the 794: Wall like. Oh that's it a a dirt dauber. Interviewer: Do they sting? 794: No I don't think they do I never did hear of dirt daubers sting you Interviewer: And a kind of insect that hops around in the grass 794: Grasshopper. Interviewer: Have you ever heard them called a hopper grass? 794: Well I've heard them called hopper grass but I've always called them the grasshopper Interviewer: Who would call them a hopper grass? 794: Well uh several different people just called them that just uh it's uh grasshopper hopper grass or and is another kind of a uh bug that gets on you eats your flowers up that they catch fish with uh you remember this what kind it was you and me used to come over here to get? aux: it's uh {X} grass hoppers out there crickets 794: Crickets yeah crickets yeah crickets they're good to fish with too. And and they'll eat your flowers up we had uh day lilies like them out there and they get on them and uh we picked them off and we sprayed it course you can't spray that kind of flower too much it it kills it you see but we sprayed them a little and and we picked them off and burned them and it picked them off we'd kill them and uh one of my brothers he was over here one day him and his wife he says you get any more just put them in a in a little can or jar of some kind and save them for him so he's {X} good ya to catch fish with Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And he came down here several times and there's uh {NW} there's a worm that gets on the Catawba trees here it uh Interviewer: And that's good to fish with? 794: Yeah it uh is good to fish too Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some calls them caterpillars and and some calls them catawba worms Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Just a second. If you hadn't cleaned a room in a while up in the ceiling across the corner you might find a 794: A rat. Interviewer: Or up high draped across the corner you'd find a 794: Some kind of a insect or something or Interviewer: #1 What would a spider build outside # 794: #2 Oh a # Spider oh a he he'd build his nest a web Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Spider web. Interviewer: Would you call it that whether it's outside or inside? 794: Yeah. A web just the same a spider web. Interviewer: The parts of the tree that grow under the ground are called the 794: The roots. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 794: Yes. There's um there's a sassafras root it's good to make tea out of that's good for you to drink it's good for your system for your blood your health and all and uh {NS} I believe that's the only kind of tree I believe is for to make a liquid to drink Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kind of tree do you tap for syrup? 794: Do what? Interviewer: What kind of tree can you tap for syrup? 794: You mean dig it up? Interviewer: No, there's a kind of a tree that you can get syrup from 794: Syrup from? Well that's a maple you can you can take maple timber and make syrup out of it make maple syrup Interviewer: What would you call a big group of those growing together? 794: I don't believe I know. It's uh just a maple crop of trees there's uh Interviewer: What 794: That they make sugar out of sugar maple it's sugar maple that's what it is Interviewer: What would you call a tree it's got broad leaves on it, white scaly bark you can peel off? 794: Scaled off for used for something? Interviewer: I think it it's a hardwood I think it's got little knobs or balls on it. 794: Is it a sycamore? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do they have those around here? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What # 794: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: What other kinds of trees do you have around here? 794: Well we have sycamore we have a {D:mosser} and we have a crepe myrtle that's a flower tree and we have uh different trees in the woods we have the oak several different kind of oak water oak tin oak red oak post oak and we have pine we have a maple we have a elm and we have a ironwood we have a hickory Interviewer: An ironwood? 794: Ironwood tree. Interviewer: What's that? 794: Well it it's a hard kind of wood awful hard with a kind of a rough uh scaly looking bark on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh we have persimmons. Hickory nut. Interviewer: What's the kind of tree that you showed me um, that you have in, in your yard that you 794: Well we have um We have the {D:muscletree} and we have the crepe myrtle Interviewer: What's the one that you have over there that you said someone makes jelly out of? 794: #1 oh oh that's a # Interviewer: #2 it's a bush # 794: plum oh that's oh um cherry Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: that's a {D:China} cherry and then we have uh pear trees Interviewer: What's a kind of tree that's got big white flowers on it? 794: Well uh that is uh a kind of de- delicious pear Interviewer: No no it's not, it doesn't have pears it just 794: just has uh the blooms on it? Interviewer: Yeah big white flowers and little shiny green leaves? The tree grows, it gets real big. 794: Oh yeah that's a magnolia Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Magnolia. I have one of them right out yonder but it never has bared it the little green one right out through there and I set that one out yonder that one with the little yellow looking leaves on it for magnolia but it's a bay and it never has bloomed. The bays don't bloom. But the magnolias does. and they make a large white bloom and and it smells real good it has a good odor to it Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a cowcumber tree or 794: {D: Talcum?} Interviewer: Cowcumber or cucumber tree? 794: Yeah yeah there's uh there's a cucumber tree Interviewer: What does that look like? 794: Well it's uh it's a kind of a slick bark and it has uh pretty good size leaf something like that Interviewer: #1 As broad as both your hands? # 794: #2 and and and it has # Trenches like in it sorta like this Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Now that's what they call a cucumber tree. Interviewer: Does it have flowers on it? 794: Well I never did uh never did see any flowers on it I don't believe they do. Interviewer: And a kind of a, of a bush or shrub that's got pink and white flowers on it, it blooms in late spring? 794: Well uh we have a dogwood Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That has white flowers on it. Course some time uh some of them uh a little pink right but it's mostly white flowers Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a, a spoon wood or a spoon hunt or mountain laurel or rhododendron? 794: I don't believe I did. Interviewer: And a bush or shrub, the leaves turn bright red in the fall, and it's got clusters on berries on it? 794: Well uh we have uh you could call it a tree but it's kind of a weed like that has a berries on it that has blooms on it large leaves Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And the bark of it is kinda red like well it's green when it's when it's first comes up and but it finally turns red and it has uh berries on it about the size of a buck shot and they'll turn red and get then get real ripe they're kinda dark looking more over a little more about a halfway between a red and a black Interviewer: What do you call that? 794: That's called poke salad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: People eats that. Eats the leaves of it. Early in the spring of the year {NW} say if you eat uh three meals of that {NW} it uh {NW} does you more good than a round of {X} medicine will it'll clean your system out all and uh Interviewer: Do you ever hear of something called sumac or shoe make? 794: Shoe make yeah yeah there's some shoe make bushes around here Interviewer: Is that good for anything? 794: Uh it- it it's not to eat though uh it's just a kind of a flower yeah I had several of them around here and they have pretty blooms on them and then this berry comes on there's a dark berry that uh they're they're like pretty right pretty bush and their leaves when when they get full grown they they turn kinda yellow a dark yellow Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: and some of them's almost red you might say a pale red they're they're a right pretty tree Interviewer: What kinds of berries would you grow around here that you could eat? 794: Huckleberries dewberries strawberries course huckleberries grows on bushes you see and mayhaws grows on bushes or trees like Interviewer: uh-huh. 794: And uh strawberries and dewberries they grow on a vine like now we have strawberries out here we've had a right smart of them this year they're they're uh a delicious kind of a fruit and we have some dewberries here course they're all gone now and it's strawberries too I went out there a few days back and gathered a few strawberries they're about the size of your thumb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a berry that you could get from a nursery and it would grow here? Some of them are, it's got sort of a rough surface to it, some of them are red some of them are red and black. 794: A raspberry? Interviewer: Do they grow here? 794: Well I never did see any grow {NS} here they grow some places but I never did see any grow here I don't hardly think they do. But strawberries and dewberries grows here and what we call a blackberry that grow on a briar they have a lot of stickers on them the briars does and then we have a huckleberry here and uh then we have the wild plum grows out in the woods that's about the only kind of uh berry besides the mayhaws that we have that grows here Interviewer: What kinds of bushes or vines would make your skin break out? 794: Oh a poison oak poison oak or poison ivy either one. Interviewer: How can you tell a difference? 794: Well it it's a pretty hard matter to tell the there's a little difference in it the poison oak it grows with uh with uh larger leaves on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: than the poison ivy does but we have both of them here. Interviewer: Is it a plant or a vine or? 794: Oh it's a vine. Yeah it's a vine. Interviewer: Um, say if you'd gotten someone some medicine, you'd go in and ask them why haven't you what your medicine? 794: Well uh Interviewer: If the medicine was still by the person's bed, you'd say why haven't you 794: Taken the medicine or Interviewer: and the person would say well I already 794: already taken some or already took some Interviewer: and in another hour I'll 794: take some more. Interviewer: And, you'd say if, if Bob is five inches taller this year, you'd say in one year he what five inches? 794: Well uh he grew or improved Interviewer: Mm-kay, and you'd tell him you certainly have 794: You certainly have improved or certainly have grew Interviewer: and you'd say you could almost see him 794: Almost see the difference in it or see that I've grew or fleshened up or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or in better health either one. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to go to a movie, you'd ask someone what time does the movie? 794: Start. Interviewer: Or what's another word for start? What time does it 794: Begin. Interviewer: You'd say it must have already 794: Began. Interviewer: And ten minute ago it 794: Started Interviewer: or it, it 794: Began or started ten minutes ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, you'd say um, he ran down the spring board and he what into the water? 794: Div into the water. Interviewer: And you'd say several children have 794: Div in the water Interviewer: But that child was too scared to 794: To dive. Interviewer: And if, if you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a 794: Uh what you call a belly a belly buster {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Did, did you ever 794: #1 Yeah, # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 794: yeah when I was a kid I did I was a little bit afraid to dive I'd heard that so many people diving into places and hitting their head against something another Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I heard of a man one time or a boy diving into a creek he's a high diver and he'd dive into any place full of water he'd see large enough to dive into he div into some creek at that had Cyprus trees on it and has these Cyprus knees down in in the creek and uh there happened to be two Cyprus knees close together and he div in and hit his head went between these Cyprus knees Interviewer: Mm. 794: And it closed up on his neck here and he stayed under there a long time and the people out on the bank kept knows said well said they're looking for him to come up way down yonder some of them dive a long way you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh they noticed the water a {X} bubbling Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He's getting his breath under there strangling and the water beginning to bubble and uh one or two dived in or after him but they couldn't find him but he finally put his hands against these Cyprus knees and he's that strong in his arm and stout enough 'til he pressed on them hard enough to pull his head out of it but he just peeled the hide off of his head on the sides thataway and I never was no hand to dive unless I knew what kind of place I was diving into. But I have knew people that went in swimming with people that dive maybe it'd go half as far as here down to that camp house before they'd ever come up could hold their breath that long but I never could do that. Interviewer: You'd say he got in the water and what across? 794: Yeah swim. Yeah di- get in the water and swim. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Some people can swim on their back. But I never could swim on my back. I could swim on my stomach or on my side but I never could swim on my back. But I have a cousin that's uh he could swim on his back or he could walk in water he could tread a little water with his feet and he could old his hands up thisaway and he'd just be going down the creek. Treading in the water. But I never did figure out how he did that. Interviewer: You'd say he got in the water and then he what #1 all the way? # 794: #2 yeah he # Peddled it with his feet all the way down. Interviewer: Or, or with his arms and legs he what 794: Well he'd take his arms and legs and he'd swim and he'd get on his back and uh he'd work his feet thataway and he'd take his hands and he'd work them thisaway Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and and he swam feet {D: foreman} foot {D: foreman} thataway but I never could do that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, talking about a child swimming, you'd say he, he got in the water and he what? 794: and and he swum. Interviewer: And several children have what in that creek, have 794: This what? Interviewer: #1 Several children have # 794: #2 Several # children swum in that creek yeah Interviewer: They, ever since they were small they have? 794: Well they they had swam but the way we used to do when we was going swimming was down here uh in Cedar, in Dugdemona where Cedar Creek runs into Dugdemona just above the mouth of Cedar where Cedar run into Dugdemona was a large deep hole it was about twelve fifteen foot deep and water and the large boys and the grown men they'd go in that deep water and they'd let the small boys go in the shallow part Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 794: #2 of the water. # And different holes of water some of them round close to that. and we'd swim in there and we'd dive in there and we'd finally get to ducking each other in there for devilment. and uh but I never did like that but for one time there's uh grown boy in there he'd he's bad about ducking the little boys and it uh a bunch of us little boys three or four of them got a hold of him and we'd go duck him and when they went down why I happened to be on the bottom and they all fell on top of me and I like to strangled before well I did strangle a little before I ever did get out Interviewer: Mm. 794: And I told them then I said this here di- ducking I said I don't want no more of it that's I'm through with it now and I never did duck anybody else thataway Interviewer: If someone got in the water and went all the way across you'd say he has what? 794: He swum. Swum across it. Interviewer: And if you don't know how to swim and you get in the water you could 794: Well sometimes you can float. Some people can float. Interviewer: But it, it's dangerous #1 to get in deep # 794: #2 oh it it's dangerous to get in water if you can't swim. # Interviewer: Because you might 794: You might drown. Interviewer: You'd say yesterday somebody 794: Drowned. Interviewer: And when they pulled him out he'd already 794: Almost drowned. When they when they pulled him out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if a child puts her head on the ground and rolls over she turns a 794: You mean out of the water? Interviewer: Out of the water. 794: Turns a somerset. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something, she'd say well I have to ask 794: So and so, ask my husband or my mother or my father or something thataway Interviewer: And if he was asking about her, he'd say I have to ask, if he's married he'd say I have to ask 794: Well if it's uh it's a woman she'll have to ask her husband Interviewer: And if it's a man? 794: It's a man, I'll ask my wife. Interviewer: Any joking ways you, you'd refer to your husband or your wife? 794: Yeah uh Any joking way you might say it's who devilment like and uh something funny funny joke and a course some tells dirty jokes. Interviewer: Well anything else you'd say besides anything else a woman would say besides my husband? Anything else you'd call him besides your husband? 794: A man. Interviewer: And what would he say? 794: My wife or my lady or the old lady Interviewer: Mm-kay. 794: And sometimes the woman calls me an old man. Interviewer: And a woman whose husband is dead, she's called a 794: Kinda hasting herself Interviewer: Huh? If her, if her husband is dead, she's called a? 794: Widow. Widow woman. Interviewer: What if he just left her? Then she'd be a 794: A grass widow. Interviewer: Did they have to be divorced to be a grass widow? 794: No. Interviewer: And your father and mother, together they'd be your? 794: Companion. Then no uh father and mother together Interviewer: Would be your 794: Father and my mother. Interviewer: Or your pa- 794: Let's see uh {NS} Well I've always called them my father and mother you see if they're living together Interviewer: Well, what's another name for father and mother? #1 They're you # 794: #2 Papa, mama. # Call them papa and mama. Some calls them father and some calls them mother calls some calls them papa and some calls them mama and it come some calls them daddy Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or together, both of them would be called your 794: Father and mother. Interviewer: Or you'd be their children, you and your brothers and sisters would be the children. 794: Children of my mother and father. Interviewer: And they'd be your 794: Father and mother. Interviewer: Or your pa- 794: My parents. Interviewer: What would your father's father be? He'd be 794: Grandfather. Interviewer: And his wife would be your? 794: Grandmother. Interviewer: What would you call them? 794: Grandma and grandpa. A grandmother and grandfather. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say I was the youngest of five 794: Five children. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides children? 794: Well in in a way they used to call them chaps. Interviewer: Do you hear that now? 794: No I don't ever hear that now. Interviewer: A name that a child is known by just in his family, you'd call that a what name? 794: Well would it be a nickname you'd call him or or call them by your mother's surname or your father's surname or Interviewer: Do you ever say a pet name or a basket name? 794: Pet name. Pet name. Interviewer: What would be a pet name? 794: Well it'd be honey or darling or dear Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. Interviewer: And something on wheels that you can put a baby in and it'll lie down? 794: Uh uh a cart cart it has wheels on it cradle has rockers on it. Interviewer: What does the cart look like? Does it have a hood over it? 794: Well uh uh some has a little hood over it like it'd carry them out in the sunshine little hood over it to cover its face or probably down to its waist here and with handles on it where you could push it like uh it has four wheels you see and handles only the handles up high you could push it walk behind it and push it like you would a wheelbarrow Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: Uh one of these rolling chairs like that Interviewer: If you have two children you might have a son and a 794: Daughter. Interviewer: Or a boy and a 794: A girl. Interviewer: And if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has, and the same shaped nose, you'd say that he 794: Taken after his father. Interviewer: What if he has the same mannerisms and the same behavior? You'd say he 794: Same disposition. Interviewer: And if a woman's looked after three children until they're grown, you'd say she has what three children? 794: Three good children. Interviewer: Or her husband died and she had to 794: Raise those children. She had to raise those three children. Interviewer: And if a child's misbehaving, you'd telling them if you do that again you're gonna get a 794: Well if he's misbehaving they call him uh a mean child or a child that disobeyed Interviewer: What would you say you were gonna do to him? #1 You're gonna # 794: #2 Whoop him. # Interviewer: Huh? 794: Or go to whoop him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else you'd say? You'd 794: Uh give him a striping. Interviewer: What's a striping? 794: Well that that's whooping him too that's whooping him hard with a switch you see leave the the the print of the switch on him or the they make your blood come to the top of the skin Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And make red streaks on his legs there where you hit him at Interviewer: What would you say you were gonna do to a small child? #1 You wouldn't # 794: #2 Paddle him. # Would paddle him spank him Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Spank him or paddle him. Interviewer: That's not as bad huh? 794: No that's not as bad. Course you can spank them hard enough until you blister them. The skin is tender you see and will blister them Interviewer: What would you say you'd done to them then? You'd given them a 794: I spank him too hard I blistered him. Interviewer: And if a woman's gonna have a baby you'd say that she's 794: She's uh pregnant. Interviewer: Did people use to use that word? When you were growing up? 794: Well some not so much mostly in the family way Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: In the family way. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any joking ways of saying that? 794: Well not much. Only and well she's getting large or something like that you know Interviewer: If you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby, the woman you could send for would be called a 794: Would call um kind of a a mother doctor or uh I forget what they call them now my mother she was she she's helped deliver several babies you know Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a granny woman or a midwife? 794: Do which? Interviewer: A granny woman or a midwife? 794: Yeah I've heard of a granny woman Yeah yeah granny woman yeah that's what they call the woman you see that uh that then bring babies you see them in place of a doctor granny woman yeah that's it yeah oh uh one of my cousins first cousin lives about a mile or two below here used to here that uh she's gonna bring birth to baby and they call her doctor and my mother went down there and this woman's husband's mother went and the doctor didn't get there and they brought the baby to birth had the woman too and uh and uh they wash the woman and wash the baby and and uh you know they a baby that they have a long navel skin you know and they cut the navel skin off and they wrapped that up and had it fixed up in first class shape and the doctor finally got there but it's all over with and he told them he says uh y'all are just as good a doctor as I was says you done as good work as I did yeah there's a lot of old women thataway that uh could just wait on a woman like uh a doctor could Interviewer: What would you call a child who was born to a woman who wasn't married? 794: Bastard. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use? 794: Yeah that that's what you call a bastard that uh that they wasn't married you see and some would call it a wood's colt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Wood's colt, and some called it a bastard. Interviewer: Which would you call it? 794: Well mostly a bastard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh what they meant a wood's colt that was just out a man outta them woods like cattle you see just like you've got cows out there and you've got several bulls out there {NS} and uh it's just liable to be either one of them you see Interviewer: A wood's colt you don't know who the father is? 794: Yeah don't know who the father is yeah Interviewer: Do you know if it's a bastard? Who the father 794: Yeah Yeah well uh uh you don't have to know for sure who the father is but if she's not married you know it's a bastard Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A woman who conducts school is called a? 794: One that teaches school? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Schoolteacher. Interviewer: Any old fashioned name for a woman teacher? 794: Well uh I have used old maids school teachers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That never did marry, you see. They call them the old maid. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say Jane is a loving child but Peggy is even what? Jane is loving but Peggy is even 794: A mean natured child mean disposition Interviewer: Or she's loving too, you'd say Jane is loving child but Peggy is even Would you say lovinger or more loving or 794: More loving. Interviewer: And your brother's son would be called your 794: Nephew. Interviewer: And a child whose parents are dead is called a 794: orphan child. Interviewer: And the person who's supposed to look after him is called his legal 794: father. Interviewer: Or legal guar- 794: Legal father or legal mother. Interviewer: And if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my 794: Nephews and nieces. Interviewer: What if it's your aunts and uncles and everybody, you'd say they're all my 794: Uncles and aunts nephews and nieces Interviewer: Or what would be just a general name for everyone like that? 794: Well uh Some called it a whole swarm of them Interviewer: A swarm of what? 794: Swarm of uncles and aunts nephews and nieces Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever call that folks or kin folks or relatives? 794: Yeah relatives some calls them relatives some calls them kin folks Interviewer: Which would you call them? 794: Well Both both of them relatives or kin folks either one mostly kin folks used to be the old {X} kin folks of course now uh you have so many different kin folks that they call them relatives Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me, but actually we're no 794: No kin or no uh don't favor or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: or not the same disposition Interviewer: What do you mean don't favor? 794: Well that means that uh you don't look alike you see in your face you probably you have uh uh uh uh different uh pulection {C: I think he means complexion} or you have uh a different disposition or your face Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some smiles and some don't some don't never smile some's friendly and some's not friendly some just sociable and some isn't sociable you see that means to help each other Interviewer: Uh-huh Someone who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before, you'd call him a 794: strangers. Interviewer: What if he came from a different country? 794: If he do what? Interviewer: If he came from a different country 794: Well uh it uh he's a stranger sure and he's uh he's not acquainted here Interviewer: Would you ever call him a foreigner? 794: Yeah call him a foreigner. When they're way off you see a different country countries call him a foreigner Interviewer: If, would the person have to come from a different country to be a foreigner? 794: Yeah. Yeah that's right. Interviewer: And, the name of a barrel maker, what'd they used to call a barrel maker? 794: Bureau makers? Interviewer: Barrel makers. 794: You mean embarrass people? Interviewer: No. No a big wooden barrel you know 794: Oh barrel Well I don't believe I know. Interviewer: Well, if someone's last name, did you ever hear the name Cooper or Cooper? 794: Cooper yeah Cooper. I've heard of people named Cooper. And there used to be a man here by the name of Cooper And there's a man name a Cup Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And there's a man name a Saucer. So uh there's some man uh this fellow Cup and Saucer they met up and there's some man that knew them both they didn't know each other but there's some man knew them both says uh he introduced them to each other says Mister Cup meet Mister Saucer {NW} {C: laughter} Interviewer: Talking about the name Cooper or Cooper, what would you call a married woman with that last name? If you were introducing her you'd say this is 794: Ms. Cooper. Interviewer: And 794: Or Ms. Cup ever which it was. Interviewer: Say a preacher that isn't very well trained just sort of preaches here and there and he's not very good at preaching, what might you call him? 794: Well some of them calls him jack legged preachers and some of them call them hen peck preachers Interviewer: What is how do they get 794: Hen pecked you know don't understand it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 They don't know much about it. # It's uh Interviewer: What does jack legged mean? 794: Well that's just uh fellow gets up there and talks mostly talks and don't know much about what he's doing what he's saying Interviewer: What else would you call a jack leg besides a preacher? 794: Well uh a lawyer some lawyers they're not much of a lawyer call him a jack legged lawyer Interviewer: What about a carpenter? 794: Well carpenters same way. Jack legged carpenter same way. and most uh any kind of work if he's uh not entirely into it you see they don't understand it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Just call him a kind of a jack legged like Interviewer: If you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he 794: Where was he borned at Interviewer: Or where does he what from? 794: Oh {X} what places he's from what uh parish or what state Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or what town. Interviewer: And you'd say, he what here on the train last night? He 794: Well he came in here from another state on the on the train from another state last night he's uh a stranger you call him a stranger like Interviewer: And you'd say, he has what to this town? He has 794: Well you'd call him a kind of a stranger to town or a new person to the town Interviewer: You'd say this is the first time #1 that he's ever # 794: #2 first time # First time he's ever been here. Interviewer: Or this is the first time that he's ever what here? 794: Eh Ever been to ever got to been to at this town or ever arrived at this town Interviewer: Or talking about him coming, you'd say that this is the first 794: first time he's ever come. Interviewer: And you'd say um if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers, you'd say last night we had a 794: Frost. Interviewer: What if it's harder than that? 794: Yeah we had had a frost last night. Sometimes a light frost sometimes a heavy frost that's uh if it's uh dry weather Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: and it's a light frost it don't hurt much. But uh if it's a heavy frost in dry weather i- i- it damages right smart but if it's a a wet frost and and uh hard frost it kills stuff completely they don't come out. Interviewer: What's worse than a hard frost? When it gets even colder than that? 794: Well uh uh I don't know of any kind of weather that's worse except a hail Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A hail now come and sleet or snow either one and comes a hard freeze on that course snow's not as bad as sleet or hail hail's the worst of all Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: If it hails hard enough it'll sometimes it's large enough the hail sometimes it's small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: But if it's uh either one of them's bad but the large hail is a whole lot worse than the small hail is and if it comes a big sleet and then a freeze on it why that'll kill most any kind of vegetable Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say that it was so cold last night that the pipes 794: Frozen Interviewer: #1 And they # 794: #2 pipes frozen. # Interviewer: And 794: And bursted. Interviewer: And you'd say I was gonna wrap them but they already 794: Already bursted and uh and uh and I I can't a wrap wrapping won't do any good cause I'll have to get a plumber you see and take this pipe out and put new pipe in Interviewer: Cause the wa- they, the water had already 794: Frozen. In the pipes. Interviewer: And you'd say if it gets much colder the pipes might 794: Burst. Freeze and burst. Interviewer: And you'd say he wasn't actually gonna hit his little brother but he doubled up his fist and he 794: Well he Interviewer: He what he was gonna hit him? 794: What he's goed made out like he's goed to hit him or if he did hit him he just hit him to make him behave hisself or through devilment or fun or something or or maybe he got a little mad and and he wouldn't intend to hit him but he hit him kinda accident like Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, the name of the mother of Jesus 794: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington' wife? 794: I believe I've forgotten what George Washington's wife was but Jesus' mother was uh was Mary. Interviewer: Do you remember in the Bible, the who the sisters of Lazarus were? One was named Mary and the other was named? The sisters of Lazarus. 794: No I don't remember. Interviewer: What's a girl's name that starts with an M? 794: Starts with a M? Mother or Mary Interviewer: Or 794: Mother or Mary. Interviewer: Or what about Mar-? 794: Martha well Martha starts with a M too Interviewer: You remember a song that started off wait 'til the sun shines 794: Went to the sunshine? Interviewer: Wait 'til the 794: Wait until the sunshine Yeah oh I've heard that song But it's been so long for {NS} 'til I, 'til I've forgotten it. I used to know lots of songs And used to be a pretty good singer Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Used to lead the singing. in the church. and uh but uh I just got out of practice I don't lead any singing now at all and uh I never did read the Bible no big lot Interviewer: What's the um, you remember the song, it's about Aunt Dinah's quilting party? 794: I don't believe I do. Interviewer: What the name of the girl in that one was? 794: I don't believe I ever heard that one. Interviewer: And in the Bible, the first book in the New Testament is called? The first of the four gospels. 794: I don't believe I know. Interviewer: It's Matt- 794: Which? Interviewer: The others are Mark, Luke and John? 794: Mark and John and uh Luke Interviewer: And the first one is Matt-? 794: Mm-hmm. Mark, John, and Luke. Joseph. Interviewer: What about Matt-? 794: I don't believe I understand that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of Matthew? 794: Matthew yeah Matthew a-huh. Luke John and Matthew Interviewer: What was the name of the wife of Abraham? 794: Abraham Lincoln? Interviewer: Or in the Bible. 794: I don't remember. Interviewer: What's a girl's name that starts with an S? 794: That done what? Interviewer: That starts with an S? 794: S? {NS} Sarah. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Wasn't Sarah was it? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a boy who's nickname is Bill, his full name would be? 794: Believe you got me there. Interviewer: Or his nickname is Will 794: Will and they and called him Bill Interviewer: Or what's his full name? Will is short for 794: Well a lot of people that they call Will his name's Will eh- for short name they call him Bill Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: It's just like uh Robert some people named Robert and they call him Bob you see it's a shorter name thataway Interviewer: Well what, sometimes, someone named Will that's just a short name, that's just a nickname, what's that short for? 794: Well I don't know except just a easier name to call you see just like Will or Bill or William Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: or Bill. Interviewer: If you father had a brother by that name, what would you call him? 794: Well I'd call him uncle Will. Interviewer: And President Kennedy's first name was? 794: Kennedy well it was several of the Kennedy's you see Interviewer: Or in the Bible, there's Matthew, Mark, Luke and 794: Yeah Interviewer: And what? 794: Matthew Mark and Luke and um I don't believe I know the other one. Interviewer: And, what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 794: Your mother's sister? She'd be your aunt. Interviewer: And, the highest rank in the Army. 794: A General. Interviewer: What's beneath a General? 794: Well that's uh {NS} One of the head men the main ones in the Army the general Interviewer: You know the, the Kentucky Fried Chicken place? 794: Do which? Interviewer: You know the Kentucky Fried Chicken place? 794: No. No don't believe. Interviewer: You never, there's one here in the Winnfield. You never? 794: I don't believe I do. Interviewer: What else do they have in the Army beside the General? 794: Oh uh Sergeant Captain that there's on the ships and uh Interviewer: What about a Ker-? 794: Which? Interviewer: Kern- 794: I don't know about that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a colonel? 794: Yeah a Colonel a General or Colonel Interviewer: And the person who presides over the court is called a? 794: I don't believe I know Interviewer: Well in town, the person who presides over the court is the county 794: Oh the county agent or the judge the district attorney Interviewer: And a person who goes to school is called a? 794: The uh principal Interviewer: or 794: Oh uh you mean the mean man at school that's principal th- the child is the one that goes to school is a scholar Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you say if, would you still call them a scholar if they were in college or high school? 794: Well I suppose they'd call it a high school student Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a woman who works in an office and does the typing and so forth, she's called a 794: Type writer. Interviewer: Or a sec- 794: Type writer I believe. Interviewer: Or or what else could you call a woman who who works in an office and answers the phone and types and {X} 794: Secretary Interviewer: And a man on the stage would be an actor. A woman would be a? 794: Would be more active or Interviewer: Or he would be called an actor, if he's in plays or movies 794: Yeah called active. Interviewer: What would you call a woman who's in plays or in movies? 794: Well I don't know unless you called her assistant actor I don't believe I know. Interviewer: And if you're born in the United States, you say that you're a 794: You're a citizen of the United States Interviewer: You're not a foreigner 794: You're not a foreigner, no. Interviewer: You're a what? 794: You're a You're not a foreign but you a citizen of the United States and you was born and raised in the United States well that's still you'd be a citizen Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say, you'd say the United States of 794: State of Louisiana. Interviewer: What's the full name for the, the USA? The United States of 794: America. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what different names were there for black people? 794: Well they used to call them niggers. Niggers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But uh they don't like a long time ago that's all their name was ever called but now they're kinda mixed of people black people and white together uh uh like to be called black, they don't like to be called a nigger at all Interviewer: What's the correct name for the race? 794: Well niggers nigger race that's all I ever ever called a correct name you see. it's a it's a black race but they call them niggers Interviewer: Would you ever call it negro? 794: Negro yeah negro in place of a nigger. Now that's that's what they are the correct name a negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any joking names or insulting names that people used to have? 794: Well Yes. What you call a nickname joking name thataway there's a kind of a nickname but uh you don't hear that much now they uh they generally call them the main name you see sometimes they call them their full name just like mine George {B} but they mostly call me {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And when I worked in a place they generally just put down my initials call me G M Interviewer: What would you say your race is? 794: A white race. Interviewer: Any other names for white? 794: Well no not only uh American uh Interviewer: only what? 794: American or I believe uh we call it English people I believe Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: the English American people Interviewer: Is that where your people came from? England or? 794: No no. But I don't know why they call them England There because way back yonder they called them English English people no uh my people now on my father's side my grandfather he came from Cincinnati Ohio Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And my mother on my father's side she's she was born here this is her native home. And my grandfather and my grandmother on my mother's side their native home is in Alabama. Mobile Alabama. That's where they came from. Interviewer: What would you call a child that, one parent is black and the other is white? 794: Well you'd call it mix breed half nigger and half white Interviewer: And what did blacks used to call the man that they'd work for? 794: call him a master or captain Interviewer: What would you call the French people down south of here? 794: Well We called them a southern people southern people and some calls them the French people Interviewer: Any joking names for them? 794: Well I not that I know of I suppose though that there is. Interviewer: Did you ever hear coon? 794: Yeah coons yeah that's right Call them coons too. Interviewer: What's that, the? 794: Well I don't know But it's it's uh it's uh French people that uh they call it's a nationality a people that is and some of them calls them coons course that's a nickname a coon is Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called coonass? 794: Yeah Coonass too Yeah Interviewer: How does that sound? 794: Well it sounds kinda ugly to me Interviewer: What would you call white people that you look down on, they don't want to work, #1 they're too lazy? # 794: #2 No count people. # Kind of no count people or or trash. Interviewer: What would blacks call whites that they don't like? 794: Well uh I really don't know but uh you see way back down there at the blacks they was afraid they say anything out of the way or in a hard way name for the white people you see for you see they they they black people they came here at this this country for slaves they used to be slaves you see for the white people and uh course they called them slaves then Interviewer: What would you call someone who lives out in the country, and he doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town you can tell right off that he comes from way out in the country. 794: uh he he don't know what to do he's kindly ignorant like he's uh Interviewer: You'd call him a what? 794: Well some calls him kind of a country nigger and some called him ignorant Interviewer: What would you call a white person like that? 794: Well kind of out in the country it uh it didn't know much or wasn't acquainted with it he's uh some people they'd call him ignorant Interviewer: Do you ever call him a, a hillbilly or 794: #1 Some called him # Interviewer: #2 a Hoosier? # 794: a hillbilly yeah kind of a hillbilly like Interviewer: And if you were at a party and you looked at your watch and you saw that it was about eleven thirty or so you'd say well we'd better be getting home it's what? 794: About dinner time or Interviewer: or 794: Twelve o'clock or dinner time or noon time Interviewer: It's not dinner time yet but it's 794: Soon will be. Interviewer: And you'd say that ice is hard to walk on, I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I 794: Slid. Interviewer: and I like 794: Like to fell. Interviewer: And if someone's waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere, and they call out and ask if you'll be ready soon. You'll say I'll be with you in 794: Just a few minutes. Interviewer: And if you know you're on the right road but you're not sure the distance, you could ask somebody 794: Ask somebody the distance Interviewer: You ask them how 794: How far. Interviewer: And if you're pointing out something nearby you'd tell someone now just 794: That's what I want or what I need. Interviewer: Do you ever say lookit or looky here? 794: Yeah say looky here this is what I want Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd, a child might say Sue um Susie's dress is pretty but mine is even 794: Prettier. Interviewer: And if I ask you um, when are y'all going to Alexandria? You might say well right now we're 794: Ready. Interviewer: Or we're what to go? 794: Ready to go or will soon be ready to go. Interviewer: Do you ever say we're aiming to go now? 794: Aiming to go. Tomorrow. or this afternoon. Interviewer: What about fixing? 794: This which? Interviewer: Fixing? 794: Fixing we're fixing to go Interviewer: Does fixing mean, if you're fixing to go are you gonna go right now or? 794: Right away. {NS} {NS} {C:Door shutting} aux: {X} {C: yelling at the dog} Interviewer: And aux: {X} {C: talking to someone outside the house} Interviewer: You'd say this part of your head is called your 794: Forehead. or your farhead some call it your farhead Interviewer: Well 794: {X} And some called it your forehead. Interviewer: What would you call it? 794: Well I'd call it my forehead. Interviewer: And you'd say this is your? 794: My hair. Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a? 794: The the the cheek Interviewer: Or he'd be growing a 794: Oh a beard. Interviewer: And this is my? 794: My my hair Interviewer: Or what you hear out of? 794: Oh my ear Interviewer: Which one? 794: uh the left one Interviewer: Huh? 794: The left ear. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Right ear my deaf ear. Interviewer: You can't hear out of that at all? 794: Can't hear out of it at all. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Mouth. Interviewer: And this is the 794: Throat. Interviewer: Or the whole thing is the? 794: Your neck. Interviewer: What about goozle? 794: Well uh that's your goozle, that's down there this part that's your goozle. Interviewer: Is that what sticks out or what you 794: Yeah it's your goozle sticks out. and uh sometimes it uh eh- eh- eh- if you get choked or strangled Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well that's your goozle causes that Interviewer: But what does your goozle do? 794: Well it mostly in a way it braces you braces your neck and braces your head and uh Interviewer: Is that the same as the Adam's apple? 794: Well I suppose it is it {X} it protects you neck too you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Goozle does. Interviewer: And these are the? 794: Your teeth. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: One tooth. Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth is the? 794: The gums. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: Hand. Interviewer: Two? 794: Hand both hands. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people calling it anything else? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What? 794: Well uh the pan some calls it pan some calls it the palm Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The palm of your hand. Interviewer: And this is one 794: Fist. Interviewer: Two? 794: Both fist. Interviewer: And the place where the bones come together is called a? 794: Joint. Interviewer: And on a man this is his? 794: Chest. Interviewer: And these are the? 794: Shoulders. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Knee. Interviewer: Or the whole thing? 794: The whole uh leg. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: Foot. Interviewer: And you have two? 794: Feet. Interviewer: And say if you get down in this position you say you 794: On your well you're hunkered you're hunkered down Interviewer: What's your hunkers? 794: Well that's your that's your legs your joint Your legs and your joint both and you bend them down you call it hunkered down you see and it's not like bending down and getting on your knees you see it's just standing on your feet and your legs together just kinda hunkered down like that Interviewer: If a child wants to hide from you he might go behind the couch and 794: Yeah. Or the door or something and hide thataway. Interviewer: And what? 794: Kind of drop its head down or hunker down either one. Interviewer: Do you ever say crouch? 794: #1 Crouch? # Interviewer: #2 Or squat down? # 794: Yes squat I've heard it said squat down Squat that's about the same as hunker Interviewer: What about crouch? 794: #1 Crouch. # Interviewer: #2 Would you say that? # 794: No I never did say that I've always hunkered or uh Interviewer: or squat 794: or squat. Interviewer: What's this sensitive bone here? 794: The shin. Shin of your leg. Interviewer: Say someone had been sick for a while, you'd say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit? 794: Overbalanced. Or toddles or Interviewer: Or if he's been sick 794: Stag staggered if he'd been sick Interviewer: He looks a little 794: He looks a little pale yet. Or weakling. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Someone who's in good shape, he's big and? 794: Big and fat. Fleshened up or Interviewer: He's not weak he 794: Not weak he's strong. Interviewer: What about stout? You'd mentioned that word before, what? 794: Well he's stout or strong that's about the same thing. Interviewer: Would you ever hear the word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that's turning bad? 794: Don't believe. Interviewer: And someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper, you'd say he's? 794: He he's uh a smooth tempered smooth tempered Interviewer: And someone who's always, a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs 794: Slender. Tall and slender. Interviewer: What if he's always stumbling and dropping things? 794: Well he he he he's clumsy and and helpless Interviewer: And a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense, you'd say he's just a plain 794: Well that's uh He don't do something that doesn't mean anything that's uh a kind of uncalled for work or Interviewer: Would you ever call him a fool? 794: Yeah call him a fool like. Ignorant. Or fool like. Interviewer: Does fool sound alright to say? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call a person who has a lot of money but really hangs onto his money? 794: Well uh That's a rich man it's uh he he he's uh just uh a selfish kind of a person. and just looks out for hisself and uh he don't care for the other fellow at all Interviewer: Or you'd say he's really a, a what? 794: Rich man. Interviewer: Do you ever call him a tight wad or? 794: Well yeah uh call it a tight wad yeah he won't help anybody else give anybody anything or help them in any way he's a he's a tight wad Interviewer: Uh-huh. When you say a person is common, what does that mean? 794: Common? Well that's a person that isn't stuck up or thinks he's better than other people or feels independent Interviewer: You'd say he's just a? 794: Just a common person. Interviewer: What if you say that a girl is common, what would that mean? 794: Well that means that she is not herself a stylish person and just uh a plain person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh Good disposition person. Interviewer: What would you say about an older person, who still has a lot of energy does all his work and gets around real well? You'd say for his age he's awfully 794: Well he he he's awful {X} to his age and active Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And gets around good has good use of hisself Interviewer: Say 794: Course that means me you know {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Say if your children are out later than usual, you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but, still I can't help feeling a little? 794: Strange about it. Interviewer: Or you wouldn't feel easy, you'd say you felt a little? 794: Painful or a little hard about it or Interviewer: And someone else would say well they'll be home alright, just don't 794: Don't worry. Just don't worry about them. Interviewer: And a child might say I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark, I'm 794: Brave or not a scared. and I'll I'll go ahead and not worry about me. Interviewer: Or, or another child who refused to go upstairs you'd say the child was 794: Kinda scared or not scared Interviewer: And you'd say I don't see why she's scared now, she 794: Used to Used to not be scared used to go places thataway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And someone that leaves a lot of money on the table then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door. You'd say he's mighty 794: Mighty free-hearted or Interviewer: Or he shouldn't be so 794: So close or so uh stingy. Interviewer: Or if he just leaves his money lying out to 794: Oh uh well he he he wouldn't be uh he wouldn't be afraid of anyone a bothering it or had uh a lot of confidence in the people. Interviewer: But if if you don't think he should be like that you'd tell him you, you shouldn't be so, someone could come in and steal it you shouldn't be so 794: Particular about it. or uh Afraid that uh he'd take something that don't belong to him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And say if um, if a child was taking a test in arithmetic and, and he under, he made a bad grade on it, you'd say well, well he 794: He failed on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. He understood what he was doing but with his addition he was just too, if he made so many mistakes you'd say he was just too 794: Just too weak on it or Interviewer: #1 Or he didn't check it over, he was too # 794: #2 Not, didn't check it over. # Or not qualified for it. Interviewer: Do you ever call him care? 794: This which? Interviewer: Careless? 794: Careless. We'd call it careless you see or neglected it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And say if you were taking a trip somewhere and you had small children in the car and they were asking you when they were going to get there and how long it was going to take and you might tell them now just calm down we'll be there 794: Later on or as quick as we can get there or sooner. Interviewer: Do you ever say by and by? 794: By and by yeah we'll be there by and by. Interviewer: And you'd say there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lindsay, but sometimes she acts kind of 794: That's just which? Interviewer: You'd say there's nothing really wrong with her but sometimes she acts kind of 794: Kinda funny somewhere or #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 what # 794: little different or off a little Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: way or the other. Interviewer: What's another way of saying that? She acts a little 794: Careless or Interviewer: Do you ever say queer or quar? 794: Or a little queer about it acts a little queer about it Interviewer: What does that mean? 794: Well that is uh if she don't care don't care whether she learns it or not. Interviewer: Has that word 794: That's kind of queer you see about it. Interviewer: Has that word changed meanings in the past few years? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Has the word queer changed meaning in the past few? 794: Yeah yeah it uh you can tell it it's changed eh it it uh not so queer like you used to be and sometimes it's still queer thataway Interviewer: When someone says queer nowadays, when someone uses the word queer, does it mean the same thing that it used to mean? 794: Well yes it'd be the same thing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 {X} # Same thing. Interviewer: Someone who makes up his own mind and then you can't argue with him, he's gonna do things his way he's not gonna listen? Interviewer: {NS} Say if someone would make up his own mind and then you can't argue with him he decides he's going to do things his way and he won't listen to you. What would you call him? 794: Well uh I'd call him uh kind of a a stubborn kind of a person. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: That don't want to agree with you about anything. Interviewer: What would you say about someone that you can't joke with at all without him losing his temper? 794: Well uh That is a person that just can't uh that can't take any #1 jokes # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 794: It's uh it it it gets off with them or or or worries them. Interviewer: Or say if something had happened to embarrass someone you might say well you better not mention that to him because on that or tease him about that cause on that subject he's still a little bit 794: he uh well uh that that'd make him angry and uh and it'd make him uh kind of suspicious things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever call a person like that testy or touches? 794: Touches. Well yeah in a way I have at uh it's uh kinda touches and all just like that is if if you put your hand on something that away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Kind of touches that away. It's uh kind of particular like you see, it wouldn't want s- so particular they wouldn't want you to touch them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Someone's about to lose their temper, you might tell them now just? 794: Well that'd be uh kind of quick minded and and high tempered and easy to get mad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Someone like that, you might tell them now just keep? 794: Just keep getting mad about anything that that'll just be a kind of contrary condition Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you didn't want him to get mad, what would you say to them? 794: Well If I say something or other kind of pacify the mind Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to get him into good humor. Interviewer: If you'd been working very hard you'd say you were very 794: {NS} Do which? Interviewer: If you'd been working hard, you'd say you were very 794: Tired. Interviewer: Any other ways of saying that? 794: Yes. Give out. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Gave out. Interviewer: Or, using the word wear out. #1 You'd say # 794: #2 Wear out. # Yeah wear out or give out either one. Interviewer: I'm completely 794: Completely give out. Interviewer: Or completely 794: Worn out. Interviewer: And if a person has been well and then suddenly you hear that they've got some disease, you'd say well yesterday they were fine, when was it that they? 794: Let's see I didn't catch that Interviewer: If they've got a disease now, you'd say you'd ask someone well when was it that they #1 what sick? # 794: #2 Went to the doctor. # Interviewer: A-huh. Or you'd say the last time I saw him they were fine 794: Fine, last time I saw them they was fine. Interviewer: #1 When was it that they # 794: #2 what when was it they went to the doctor. # Interviewer: Or they what sick? 794: And uh the doctor said they was getting along all right. Interviewer: Well if they were sick now you'd say 794: Well uh i- if they was sick just that they was uh still worse still not doing good Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well would you say they took sick or got sick or was taken sick or #1 how would you # 794: #2 well uh they just # Just gotten sick or either taken sick either one. Interviewer: And if a person has gone out in bad weather and come in and was sneezing and everything 794: Just taken cold got wet and he's taken he giving him a cold Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if he couldn't talk right, he sounded a little 794: Hoarse. Interviewer: And if he swallowed the wrong way you'd have to 794: Kinda choke him like #1 or yeah he'd he'd cough # Interviewer: #2 then you'd do what # And say if you usually went to bed at ten o'clock at night and one night you stayed up until one o'clock, you'd say by one o'clock you'd be feeling pretty 794: Sleepy. Interviewer: And you'd say at six o'clock in the morning I'll 794: Still sleepy or don't feel like getting up or Interviewer: Or when the alarm clock goes off you 794: Well I'm still sleepy. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Still sleepy. Interviewer: And you'd say he's still sleeping, you better go in there and 794: And wake him up. Interviewer: And if you if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I 794: Sweated. Or uh perspiration. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Which would you say? 794: Well uh If he's already he he's perspirated too much Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or he or he's wet with sweat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: E- either way. Interviewer: Just a second. {NS} Someone who can't hear anything at all would be completely 794: Deaf. Completely deaf. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say deaf? 794: Yeah. uh yeah I've heard people say deaf. uh {NS} That person over there is completely deaf. But deaf is correct name for it Interviewer: and if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the? 794: Well you have to get a doctor he's got shot he he's a bleeding or hemorrhaging Interviewer: Well and you'd have to get the doctor to take care of the? 794: Take care of the wound. Interviewer: And sometimes the wound doesn't heal back right and it gets sort of a skinless growth over it 794: It's infected. Interviewer: And you gotta cut it out or #1 burn it out # 794: #2 got to cut it out or # either burn it out one it's uh sometimes plowed- proud flesh. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Will sit up. Interviewer: And If you cut your finger, a brown liquid medicine that stings that you could put on it? 794: Iodine. Interviewer: What's a real bitter medicine people used to take? 794: To take? Well i- i- Wonder what you's taking it for? There's medicine you take for different things, you see. If if you feel bad you busy or something like that you need to take a purgative And if you uh your system's run down you need to take quinine or a tonic tonic to build your system up Interviewer: Does quinine work? 794: Oh yeah quo- uh Quinine is good for malaria you have malaria quinine is best for that it is {NS} Interviewer: I might ask you if you know a person and you'd say well I don't know him but I 794: Saw him. Or seen him. Interviewer: Or I what of him? 794: Or Or either I met him but I don't personally know him just Interviewer: Do you ever saw heared tell of him or #1 heard of him # 794: #2 yes # I've I've heard tell of him. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Oh I haven't just like I'd hear about someone I I haven't seen him I haven't saw him but uh I've heard tell of him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And Something that you do every day if I ask you do you do it often, you'd say yes I 794: Yeah very often or every day. Interviewer: I what all the time? I 794: Most all the time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you wanted to ask me whether he does that sort of thing, you'd ask me? 794: Now see ask me that again. Interviewer: If you wanna ask me whether he does that, you'd ask me? 794: Well I'd ask you or partly whatever it was that I want to and Interviewer: Um Say if you were wanted to know whether he um plays golf, you'd ask me 794: Yes I'd I'd ask you if you wanted to play golf or Interviewer: Or Say if if I have a brother and you want to know whether my brother does a certain thing how would you ask me? 794: Well I'd ask you did your brother like to do Interviewer: #1 A-huh. # 794: #2 Such # and such you see. It's this Interviewer: Would you say do he play golf or does he play golf or how would you ask? 794: Does he play golf or does he like to play golf or does he not play golf? Interviewer: And I'd say I don't smoke but he 794: He may. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I don't know but he may. Interviewer: Or and talking about smoking cigarettes, I'd say I don't smoke but he 794: He does. Interviewer: And you'd say I don't uh I think that's right but I'm not 794: Sure. Interviewer: And If someone was shot and didn't recover, you'd say the doctor did all he could but still the man 794: Go to die. {NS} Interviewer: Any other ways of saying die? 794: Pass away. Interviewer: Which sounds better? 794: Well. I suppose pass away. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any joking ways of saying died? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: What about kick 794: By which? Interviewer: Kick the 794: Kick Interviewer: Did you ever hear kick the bucket or? #1 Peg down? # 794: #2 Kick a bucket or # Interviewer: To mean died. 794: Oh. I don't believe I can get that now know several ways but it don't sound good. {NS} Interviewer: You know several ways of 794: Yeah oh uh course it's just like he's about to kick the bucket {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or if it wasn't for God why he he'd kick the bucket. That's about the only way I believe. Interviewer: Say if someone you might say well he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died 794: Been sick a week nobody can figure out what what he's got. Or what the trouble is. Interviewer: Or if he had died you'd say no one's figured out #1 what he died # 794: #2 No # Figured out what he died with. Or what was the matter with him. Interviewer: A-huh. And a place where people are buried? Where are people buried? 794: Well where was he buried or or where did they carry him to bury him? Interviewer: #1 Where # 794: #2 Or where we- # Or where was he buried at? Interviewer: A-huh. Where would they bury people around here? 794: Well so they'd bury them up at the cemetery. At the Corinth cemetery. Interviewer: Is there any other name for cemetery? 794: Well yes. Yes we have different names for other cemeteries other place now we have two cemeteries here both of them called Corinth cemetery. Course one of them at the Corinth church right up here and the other one is over at the old cemetery its a tabernacle there. But they're both called the Corinth cemetery. Then we have a cemetery here at Winfield. It called the Winfield cemetery. And uh then they have one out from Winfield out on eighty-four called Autumn Leaves cemetery. Then we have one bout four miles down here called Big Creek cemetery. Then about five miles further, there's another one that they call Zion cemetery. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do they put the body in? 794: Well they they uh put 'em in a casket. Interviewer: Is there an old fashion name for casket? 794: Uh coffin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Coffin yeah. Interviewer: Is there an old fashion name for cemetery? 794: Graveyard. Interviewer: And you'd say after he died, everybody went #1 to the # 794: #2 to the # to the graveyard. To the grave. Interviewer: To attend the? 794: To to attend i- i- uh {NS} {C: microphone feedback} hi- his funeral. Interviewer: A-huh. If people are dressed in black, you'd say that they're in 794: Well to dress black Why they they're going to the cemetery. Interviewer: A-huh. Or the family 794: #1 oh the family # Interviewer: #2 would be in # 794: Yeah the family would be dressed in black. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: To go to the go to the funeral. Interviewer: Why would they be in black? 794: Well. That's just just idea I suppose But uh Course they don't everybody do that now but they used to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They used to uh all the family would up go dressed in black {NS} But uh they don't they don't do that now some do but very few. Interviewer: If someone dies then their family you'd say that the family was in with the family's upset that their that the person's dead so the family would be in 794: In sorrow. Oh uh Interviewer: Did you ever say in mour- 794: In which? Interviewer: Would you ever say in mourning or 794: Yeah in mourning the family's in mourning. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Family is in anyone die the family's in mourning about them. Interviewer: And a disease that children used to die from they'd choke up? 794: Oh well pneumonia. Sometimes the pneumonia they'd choke up. Die from it. Interviewer: What would they have that they'd get blisters on the inside of their throat? 794: Let me see um. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of dip- 794: To which? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of dip- 794: My throat? Yeah. Yeah I've had my throat sore thataway and and I choke my tonsils get swollen. Interviewer: A-huh. What's a disease that children would get though? In the throat and they'd die from it? 794: Well a um sometimes they die from pneumonia Interviewer: A-huh. 794: If that course that settles in the chu- in the the chest and in the throat too. Pneumonia. {NS} And uh Let me see what else. Interviewer: Nowadays 794: Flu. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Call it the flu you see some people die from that. Interviewer: They used to give people the Schick test for what disease? 794: Well they they they'd give 'em a shot uh penicillin shot Interviewer: A-huh. Did you ever hear of a disease called dip- 794: Called what? Interviewer: Dip- #1 Diphtheria # 794: #2 Diphtheria # Diphtheria. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Yes I've heard of disease called diphtheria. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 794: #2 Did # Uh I never did uh know anyone that had that but I've heard of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: People have diphtheria. Interviewer: What's a disease where your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 794: uh glands and uh Let me see I know something else if I can think of it yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: And if you have a pain down here, you'd say you had 794: Appendicitis. Interviewer: And say on an average sort of day if somebody ask you how you were feeling what would you tell 'em? 794: Well if I was in misery I'd tell 'em I was in misery and I wasn't feeling good or I was a hurting my side was a hurting like I had a appendix or something I had a hemorrhage I uh ruptured myself or Interviewer: What if you felt normal? You'd tell 'em 794: Well I feel good I I feel uh feel uh splendid. Interviewer: And how would you use the words up down or over talking about location? Like you'd say last week I saw him what Monroe? 794: Well I saw him last week go to Monroe? Interviewer: Or if you were in Monroe #1 You'd say I saw him # 794: #2 Well I saw him I s- # uh he came into Monroe. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: I saw him c- come in. Come into Monroe. Interviewer: What if, or you could say last week I saw him what Alexandria? 794: He went to Alexandria. Or I saw him in Alexandria. Interviewer: Would you ever say down in Alexandria or over in Alexandria? 794: Oh yeah over in Alexandria yeah that's right. Or from here we call it down to Alexandria and Winfield we called up to Winfield. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: We call north up and south down. Interviewer: What's over? 794: Uh east or west. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Then they're both over. Interviewer: And say if there was some trouble at a party, you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em, they arrested the 794: The whole bunch. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say beside bunch? 794: A whole crew. Uh every one of 'em. Interviewer: What about the whole push? 794: The whole crew. He arrested the whole crew. Interviewer: What about the whole push? 794: Well that means all of 'em. And that means all of them, every one that was there. Interviewer: If you say 794: The whole crew. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: That means every one of 'em. Interviewer: And if you hadn't seen a good friend of yours in a long time, when you saw him you might say I'm 794: Glad to see him. I'm glad to see him. Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? 794: Well I'm prou- yeah proud to see him. Interviewer: Does that mean the same? 794: Well I yeah that's about the same thing Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Proud or glad either one is the same thing. Means the same thing. Interviewer: And if someone had done you a favor you might tell them thank you I'm much 794: I appreciate it. Interviewer: Or I'm much 794: Much obliged to you. Interviewer: And when a friend of yours says good morning, what might you ask him then? 794: How you this morning? Interviewer: What about when you're introduced to a stranger? What would you say? 794: Well I'm glad to meet you or pleased to meet you or it's a pleasure to meet you. Interviewer: Anything you'd ask him? 794: Well uh I can't think right now. {NS} But uh {NS}{C: microphone feedback} Be glad to see you again, I hope to see you again. And uh ask him to come to see me. Interviewer: And say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up, you'd say he had the 794: Vomited up. Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? 794: Belched it up. Interviewer: Does that mean the same? 794: Same thing yeah. Interviewer: Any crude way of saying that? 794: Yeah yeah Puked it up. Interviewer: That sounds pretty bad? 794: Yeah puked I it up yeah. Interviewer: If a person vomited you'd say he was sick 794: Yeah he's sick enough to vomit. Interviewer: He's sick where? 794: In his stomach. Interviewer: And say if a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl, he kept on going over to her house like he was seriously interested in her, you'd say he was 794: Going to see her very often he was awful fond of her. Interviewer: What did people used to say? 794: Well he must uh love her. Interviewer: Do you ever say he's #1 # 794: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 794: #2 # Interviewer: sparking her or courting her 794: Sparking Sparking uh pretty close Interviewer: Is sparking very serious? 794: Well uh In a way it is in a way it isn't. {NW} Interviewer: What do you mean? 794: {NW} If they's sparking and they really think a lot of of each other why that gets kind of serious you see. Interviewer: A-huh. {NS} He would be called her He's her what? 794: Sweetheart. Interviewer: And she's his? 794: Sweetheart or honey. Interviewer: And if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar, his little #1 brother # 794: #2 oh he's # been kissing a girl. Interviewer: Any old fashion way of saying that? 794: Uh kissing sma- yeah smacking Interviewer: A-huh. 794: He's been a smacking the girls. {NW} Interviewer: And if she quit letting him come over to see her you'd say she 794: She's quit him or found her another fella. Interviewer: What did um he ask her to marry him but she 794: Well uh sometimes she denies him, sometimes she accepts the question. Interviewer: They were engaged and all of a sudden she 794: Sh- she decided she wouldn't marry. and br- and broke the engagement. Interviewer: But if she didn't break the engagement they went ahead and got 794: Went ahead and got married. Interviewer: Any joking ways of saying got married? 794: Well uh {NW} Yes taken up. {NS} Interviewer: That means the #1 same as getting married? # 794: #2 Yeah yeah they'd # Taken up. Together. Interviewer: And at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called the {NS} 794: Uh {NS} I know what that is but I can't think of it now. Interviewer: Well what are the different people that they'd have at a wedding? Besides the bride and the groom. 794: The bride and the groom and the uh waiters, they call in the old time is the waiters. But they call them something else now but I can't think of what that is. Interviewer: Would 794: That was uh oh a boy and a girl you see a man and a woman that's out on the floor with 'em. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: They called them the waiters in the old old time but I don't know what they can't think of what they call them now. Interviewer: Do you remember long time ago if people would get married that night other people would come around their house and 794: Serenade 'em. Interviewer: What would they do when they serenade them? 794: Well sometimes they ride the the boy the man on a rail Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Yeah. Ride him on a rail. Take him out and ride him on a rail what uh something like a fence rail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was it all just in fun? 794: Yeah and then some of them that they'd uh they'd treat them nice they'd just play music you know and course they'd invite them in and make coffee or probably give 'em some cake. Cake and coffee or or tea or ice cream or something thataway. Interviewer: When young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you'd call that a 794: Move down on the floor? Interviewer: Yeah it's just if there's music and 794: Oh a uh get out on for that dancing Interviewer: A-huh 794: Call that dancing. Interviewer: What would you call a dance that you'd have at home? 794: Well uh you'd call that a dancing or or a party, you'd call it a party. Interviewer: And if children get out of school at four o'clock, you'd say at four o'clock school 794: School's out. Interviewer: And after vacation, children would ask when does school 794: When the school's out they're they they have a vacation or they or they uh glad that school is out. Interviewer: And after vacation, school was When they had to go back to school 794: Oh. School would take in or or uh oh um Start school again. Interviewer: And you'd say four o'clock in the afternoon is when school 794: When school's out. Interviewer: And after high school you go on to 794: College. Interviewer: And you go to school to get a 794: Education. Interviewer: And if a child left home to go to school and didn't show up that day, you'd say he 794: He's missing or. Or he's uh playing hooky. Interviewer: A-huh. Would you still say playing hooky if they were in college when they did it? {NS} 794: Well he laying out of school. Interviewer: A-huh. After kindergarten, you go into the {NS} {C: microphone feedback} Which grade or class do you go into after? 794: You go in the uh first first grade after kindergarten. Interviewer: Did they used to call it the first grade when you were in school? 794: Well they called it the primer. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Called the primer. Interviewer: Years ago children sat on benches, but now they all sit at 794: Let's see I didn't get Interviewer: Years ago children would sit on benches 794: Oh Interviewer: But now they #1 sit at # 794: #2 Sit # Sit in seats they have uh regular seats where they sit in. Interviewer: Or has a top to it and everything? You call it a What would you call something like this? 794: A desk. Interviewer: A-huh. And if you were talking about several of those you'd talk about several 794: Several desks or several Interviewer: And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 794: To the library. Interviewer: And you'd mail a package at the 794: Post office. Interviewer: And you'd stay overnight in a strange town at a 794: Hotel. Interviewer: And you'd see a play or a movie at a 794: At a picture show. Interviewer: What's another name for that? 794: Movies. Interviewer: A-huh. What building do you go to? 794: To the uh well it'd be the movie building building of the movie or the building of the picture show either one. Interviewer: And if you had to have an operation, you'd have to go into the 794: Hospital. Interviewer: And the woman who'd look after you would be the 794: The nurse. Interviewer: And you'd catch a train at the? You would catch a train? 794: Catch a train at the station. Interviewer: Or you could call that the rail? 794: Railroad. Interviewer: Huh. 794: Railroad. What you {X} it well it'd be at the railroad but it'd be the railroad station Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See the station oh uh which town is in you see they oh well it'd be the L and A like the L and A depot {NS} {NS} {C: microphone feedback} Interviewer: A-huh. 794: But the L and A depot at Minden or some other station at some other town that way Interviewer: The open place in town around the court house is called the? 794: Well uh around the courthouse is mostly the open place and and mostly business places in town besides uh shopping you see or any kind of stores you shop at drug store or dry good store grocery store or hardware store or any kind thataway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You shop and you do but uh the most important place is uh is the post office. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Fact is more people goes to the post office that is regular than they do to the courthouse. Interviewer: A-huh. What you know sometimes there'll be grass that grows around the courthouse. The green? Place and you'd call that the 794: Well that's uh call that the sidewalks. And and the yard the courthouse yard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course they usually didn't put grass in you see. Well but they put grass in it now and they mow it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And and they mow the sidewalks too. Interviewer: They didn't used to have grass in it? 794: No, didn't have grass just dirt. They'd sweep 'em. Take a broom and sweep 'em. And uh people out in the country. They'd go down on the branch somewhere where there were these here switch canes make 'em a broom out of that or go out in the woods and get 'em a huckleberry bush or a dogwood bush small dogwood bush and make 'em brooms out of that. And wh- to sweep their house they'd go on a broomsedge patch. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Get some broomsedge to make 'em a broom out to sweep the house with and and if they wanted a little broom to sweep the store out get the ashes out why they'd get a little uh broomsedge. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Brooms just we like I have out yonder at that little house. Interviewer: {NW} Say if you'd bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and he 794: He make a bill of it. Interviewer: Or like meat, he took out the paper some some of that white paper and he 794: Put the meat on that white paper and and cut it Interviewer: #1 A-huh # 794: #2 put it up # Interviewer: #1 and then # 794: #2 slice it # Interviewer: And then took to cover the meat up you'd say he took out the paper and he 794: He cover it he he wrap it. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: He'd wrap the meat up. Interviewer: He took the meat and he 794: Yeah and he take it and he'd wrap it up. Interviewer: A-huh. If he'd done that, you'd say he 794: He's already wrapped it. Interviewer: And you'd say when I got home with it I 794: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: And if you had to sell something for two dollars that you'd paid three dollars for, you'd be selling it 794: Cheaper. Or that uh less money than I paid for it. Interviewer: A-huh you'd be selling it at a wouldn't be at a profit it'd be 794: No i- i- i- it'll lose loss Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Selling it at a loss. Interviewer: And if you like something but don't have enough money for it, you'd say well I like it but it 794: It's a little too high or I don't have enough money to pay for it. Interviewer: If you wanted to know the price you'd ask someone how much does it 794: Does it come to. Or what price would you put it down to? Interviewer: Or how much does it what? 794: Cost. Interviewer: And you'd say I'd buy it except that it what too much? 794: It's worth too much. I'd buy it your price is too high or or I'd buy it or worth too much Interviewer: And on the first of the month the bill is 794: Bill is due. Interviewer: And if you belong to a club you have to pay your 794: Your fees. Interviewer: Or your 794: Well if you belong to a club you'd have to pay your dues. Interviewer: A-huh. If you don't have any money you could go to the bank and try to 794: Borrow money. Interviewer: And you'd say back in the thirties, money was 794: Scarce was. Hard to get. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of tight money? Did you ever hear it called? 794: Yeah. I've heard that money was tight that means money's scarce you see. Interviewer: And when you buy something or pay your bills some store keepers will give you a little present and you call that 794: Well he'd call it in a way he'd call it a gift or a or call give you a little present or or call it a kickback on something well that'd be though if he's cutting the price that'd be a kickback on it Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called lagniappe? 794: Which? Interviewer: Lagniappe? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: And if you had a piece of furniture in the corner and it wasn't square in the corner, there was a space it's kinda diagonal so that there's a space between the back of the furniture and the corner you'd say the furniture was sitting 794: Well it it isn't square it isn't sufficient to to fit the corner. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Not sufficient to fit the corner it it uh the corner's square while this has to be this is a little angling to angling to have to be cut square. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: If you generally have to take a square and square it up to make it fit. Interviewer: Do you ever say you have something sitting um kitty-cornered or catty-wampus or 794: Yeah kinda catty-cornered catty-wampus yeah word's that too Interviewer: What if you were walking say someone's yard was like this and you're supposed to walk on the sidewalk around it but instead of doing that you cut across their yard like this 794: Cross the corner. {NS} Interviewer: Would you call that catty-cornered? 794: Well yeah I'd be kinda catty-cornered. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever say # 794: #2 {X} # Cut across a corner or go catty-cornered. Interviewer: A-huh. Do you ever say antigodlin or 794: Yeah yank it antigodlin yeah now he wouldn't go straight kinda antigodlin like Interviewer: A-huh. Would you say that about the furniture too? In the corner? 794: Well you cu- could say that yeah till like the furniture kinda antigodlin. Interviewer: And before they had buses in town they used to have? 794: Uh wagons and buggies or {X} Interviewer: What would run on tracks that had a wire up above it? 794: Uh telephone. Interviewer: No no something that like a bus only it had tracks They had 'em in 794: Oh uh streetcars Interviewer: Did they have those around here? 794: Well they used to used to have streetcars. And uh And on the railroads they used to have handcars. Interviewer: A-huh. But uh th- they have uh a car now that's uh they work with 'em like you used to a handcar that they're they run by uh uh gas you see Mm-hmm. You tell the bus driver this next corner is where I 794: Where I get off. Interviewer: And if I offer you a choice of two things and ask you which well um you'd say I had a choice of two things and I was gonna do this but then I decided I'd do that. What of this? 794: Get out before it got there? Interviewer: Or say if if there were two things that um say if there was something that you were planning to do you say I I was going to do this but then I decided to do #1 that # 794: #2 decided I'd # i- i- that I'd do this other or I wouldn't do that I decided I'd do this. Interviewer: In what of that? I decided I'd do that 794: Well it's just like some kind of work it uh started to do and I and I decide I'd do it different or do something some other kind of work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Like you're getting out of looking for a job. that uh it just couldn't find a work for the kind of job you was looking for I'd say well I'll hunt another job. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or a different kind of a job different kind of work. Interviewer: And if you want someone to go with you somewhere, you might say I won't go 794: To come and go with me or to go with me Interviewer: Or 794: Such and such a place #1 or # Interviewer: #2 a-huh # 794: somewhere. Interviewer: And you'd say um 794: I want you to go with me to Winfield. Or Alexandria. Interviewer: And you'd say I'm not gonna go what you go too? 794: I'm not a going unle- unless you go #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 A-huh. # And if someone asks you to go somewhere and you're not sure you want to, you might say I don't know 794: Whether I wanna go or not. Interviewer: And in um Winn parish, Winfield is the 794: Is the closest place for to go for to do shopping. Interviewer: Or Winfield is the what of #1 Winn # 794: #2 the near- the nearest place # or most important place to go. Interviewer: Or Winfield is where you have the courthouse and everything? You'd say it's the 794: It's the nearest. Interviewer: Well would you call that the parish seat or the county capital or what would you call that? 794: Well uh it'd be the town capital I suppose. Interviewer: It'd be the what? 794: Town capital. uh the courthouse you see it'd be the uh. Let me see how that is. Interviewer: In each parish you know there's one one city where the courthouse is and where all the business of that parish is conducted. You know where the judges #1 and everybody is. # 794: #2 Yeah. # #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # 794: At at the courthouse. Interviewer: A-huh. And so that city is called the? 794: Well the city you see it'd be called Winfield. #1 The city # Interviewer: #2 A-huh. # 794: But uh the courthouse that'd be the the courthouse and and and in the town Winfield the city of Winfield. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See. Interviewer: And if you were a postmaster, you would be working for the federal 794: Federal government. Interviewer: And the police in town are supposed to maintain 794: Well uh they supposed to maintain uh well it'd be correction in a way and in another it'd be the law. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But talking about order too. You'd say he's supposed to maintain? Law 794: Law. Supposed to maintain law. Interviewer: But talking about order. 794: Order or court orders. Interviewer: A-huh. He's supposed to maintain #1 Law # 794: #2 maintain the # The the laws and and you're supposed to uh accept the court or- orders. Interviewer: A-huh. Do you ever hear the expression law and order? 794: Is which? Interviewer: Law and order? 794: Law and a where? Interviewer: Law and order. 794: I don't believe. Interviewer: And the fight between the north and the south was called the? Back about a hundred years ago. The north and the south were fighting. And they called that the 794: The center. The ce- oh let's see. Interviewer: It's the confederates fighting the Yankees. They called that the? 794: I believe you got me on that. Interviewer: Do you know what, it was a big fight? It was between the north and the #1 south. # 794: #2 and the south yeah. # Well. If there's a big fight between the north and the south if uh the north was to whoop the south the south would have to give over to the north you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well that, that happened about a hundred years ago. 794: Yeah yeah that's right. Interviewer: What did they call that? 794: I believe it was a Federal War I believe. Interviewer: A-huh. And Hmm? 794: Federal War and then there was another Civil War. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Civil War and a Federal War. Interviewer: Were those the same? 794: Well uh no I think it I think that's two different wars. The uh Civil War I believe that was the first war. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That they ever had. That'd be back before the Federal {NS} War I'm not for sure. I haven't read any in so long I used to be read up on all these things but I haven't read any in so long so I've forgotten. #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Before they had the electric chair, murderers would be 794: Before they'd have the elections? Interviewer: No before they had electric chairs 794: Oh electric chair oh I uh what they call the gallows, they'd hang them. Interviewer: A-huh. #1 you'd say # 794: #2 they'd hang 'em and # choke 'em to dead they They they'd hang 'em and uh carry 'em to the gallows. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And and hang 'em. Interviewer: You'd say they took that man out and they 794: Choked him to death, broke his neck or choked him to death. Interviewer: Or putting the rope #1 around his # 794: #2 putting the rope around his # neck. And they pull a trigger Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Put put him on a platform or something he's standing on that and uh the sheriff's supposed to do that but some sheriffs hates to do it so bad they won't do it they'll hire somebody pay somebody a big prize to do it save them having to do it. So they'll pull that trigger and that'll fall out from under him and then they hang. {X} {C: microphone feedback} Some of 'em it breaks #1 their neck and some it don't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 794: and some it just stays there and chokes to death. Interviewer: Mm. 794: But that's a terrible death. Interviewer: #1 Have you ever seen # 794: #2 But now they # they they don't hang 'em thataway they they put 'em on electric chair. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And and turn the electricity on 'em. {NS} Kill 'em thataway. In the I I never did see 'em one electrocute but I've heard i- i- it'll just like fog gets right on you and burns the hair off of your head. Interviewer: Mm. 794: Just just sets you afire in here. And and just shakes you so shakes you and burns you together 'til you die. Interviewer: A-huh. Talking about hanging, you'd say they took that man out and they 794: They put the rope around his neck Interviewer: And they 794: They yeah put er they hung him with a rope. Tied a rope around his neck. and uh they they'll tie a certain knot you see to where it'll it'll slip and it choke him to death. Interviewer: A-huh. And if when that had been done you'd say this man had been 794: Well he he's uh the man has been uh Interviewer: They'd done what to him? He'd been 794: Hung clear. Interviewer: A-huh. Or, criminals used to be, they didn't used to be electrocuted, they used to be 794: Uh what they well they'd hang 'em used to hang 'em Interviewer: So that they criminals used to be 794: Hung. Interviewer: And the biggest city in the country is in? 794: The biggest city in the country? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well um. Interviewer: What's a big city up north? 794: I believe Washington is a is a biggest city. Interviewer: What's another one? 794: And uh Baton Rouge. Interviewer: What about New? 794: New Orleans. Now New Orleans is a big city I don't know a whole lot New Orleans is a larger city than Baton Rouge is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a big city up north of here? In another state? Did you ever hear of New? 794: I don't believe I know now. What what's the largest city way up north Interviewer: What are some of the cities up north that you've heard of? 794: Well about the largest city course it's it's it's north but it's not so far it's in Arkansas El Dorado is about the ar- uh largest uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: City that I know of thataway now there's El Dorado and there's Smackover. That's uh that's a large city. Interviewer: What state is Baltimore in? 794: I don't believe I remember. Interviewer: What about Boston? 794: Boston? Well I suppose it is in Boston I hope. Baltimore is supposed to be in Boston. {NS} Interviewer: Where's Tulsa? 794: Which? Interviewer: Tulsa. 794: Tulsa Oklahoma. Interviewer: And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the What are some of the states in the south? Besides Louisiana and Arkansas. 794: Well uh Alexandria Franklin Interviewer: Or some states 794: Oh the state. I believe you got me there. Interviewer: Well what states does um does Louisiana touch? Where's Houston? 794: Well there's Houston But but Houston that's a town isn't it? Interviewer: A-huh, what state is it in? 794: Texas. Interviewer: And what state is next to Alabama? You remember what state I'm from? 794: Oh uh Georgia? Interviewer: A-huh. Any other states in that area that you've heard of? 794: Let's see Alabama Texas And state of uh state of Mississippi and uh Chicago. Illinois. Interviewer: And Richmond is the capital of what state? 794: I don't believe I know. You kinda got me on some of these far off things I Interviewer: What state is, did you ever hear of Raleigh? What state that's in? 794: Which? Interviewer: Raleigh? 794: Raleigh? No. I don't know what state that's in. Interviewer: What state is Miami in? 794: Miana? Interviewer: Miami. What state do oranges grow in? 794: Uh Florida Interviewer: A-huh. And the state where they get co- a lot of the country music state? Where's the Grand Ole Opry? Do you ever hear of Ten- ? 794: Tennessee. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Tennessee yeah. Interviewer: And the bluegrass state up above that is? 794: Not Kentucky is it? Interviewer: Mm-kay. What's the state up above Arkansas? 794: Um. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Miss- Missour- 794: Uh Missouri? Interviewer: A-huh. What's a big city there? 794: Well yes I've heard of Missouri is that is that joining Arkansas, north of Arkansas Missouri is? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a big city in Missouri? 794: No. Never did. Interviewer: What's a an old city in um South Carolina? 794: Old sea? Interviewer: Old city. #1 In South # 794: #2 Old city in South Carolina? # I declare I don't know. Interviewer: What are some cities in Alabama? 794: Well Mobile. Interviewer: What's the biggest city? 794: I really don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Birm- 794: Broom? Interviewer: Birming- 794: Birmingham Birmingham Alabama yeah I've heard that's the biggest city. Birmingham Alabama. Yeah I've heard of that. Interviewer: What are some cities, what's a city up in the mountains in North Carolina? 794: I don't believe I know. Interviewer: What about a a city in Kentucky? 794: Kentucky? Well I've heard of Kentucky. Kentucky. Tennessee Missouri. Alabama and Mississippi. Arkansas. And uh I believe that's about all. Interviewer: What are some cities in Tennessee that you've heard of? 794: What is which? Interviewer: What are some different cities up in Tennessee that you've 794: I never have heard. Never have heard. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Nash- 794: No. No I never have heard and there's some people way back yonder back when I was about ten years old came from Tennessee. To this country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh I never did uh hear 'em say what what city it that they came from just came from Tennessee they never did tell me. Interviewer: What are some cities in Georgia? 794: Atlanta. Atlanta Georgia. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I believe that's the only one I ever heard of. Interviewer: And who discovered America? 794: Columbus. Interviewer: And Belfast is in what country? Overseas, it's in What are some countries overseas that you've heard of? 794: I don't believe I can Interviewer: Where, pe- people who celebrate Saint Patrick's Day, what country do they come from? 794: I don't remember. Interviewer: What country is Paris in? 794: Kerosene? Interviewer: Paris. 794: What parish you mean? Interviewer: No what country is Paris? 794: {X} I really don't know. Interviewer: Well what country is Moscow in? 794: I couldn't tell you. See I never did study that you see. And and uh it's it's all it's all new to me you see I don't know anything about it. Never uh never had any uh experience any way of it you know any way to learn about it Interviewer: Has anyone around here um that you know of had to go into the Army? 794: Yes. Interviewer: Where were they sent? 794: Uh to uh France. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Sent to France. I had a brother who went to France. Interviewer: In World War One? 794: World War One, yeah. And I had uh a brother-in-law that went to France. Stayed there for several years. Him and my brother both. And several boy friends and I just missed it seven days. Interviewer: {NW} 794: I quit a good job I was working in an oil field. Working at Pine Island. {NS} Had a good job up there {NS} and uh field manager he told me when I left he said if you don't have to go and serve come back I'll give you the same job back or give you a better one. and said if you do have to go and you you're lucky enough to get back with us come back and I'll do the same thing. Interviewer: #1 Did you # 794: #2 But I never did # go back I wish several times I had but I never did. Came home and went to work in timber. Interviewer: A-huh. What church did you say you were a member of? 794: Corinth. Interviewer: Corinth 794: Corinth Baptist. Interviewer: If two people became members, you'd say last week they 794: Joined the church. Interviewer: And you go to church to pray to 794: Well uh The other church to go to now is Big Creek Church {NS} Zion Church Beulah church here honey take this one too aux: yeah 794: And uh {NS} The Baptist Church at Winfield Interviewer: People go to church to pray to 794: To the Lord. Pray to God you see. Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a 794: Well he preaches a Bible you see preaches uh does the Lord's work. Interviewer: Well he you'd say what he preaches, you'd call that his 794: His sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the 794: The music. Interviewer: And if you really like the music, you'd say the music was just 794: Just fine. Interviewer: #1 Or # 794: #2 Or # Or enjoyed the music. Interviewer: If someone's very very pretty, you'd say the person was 794: Was real pretty or was cute. Interviewer: Or very pretty 794: #1 very pretty # Interviewer: #2 the person was just # 794: person was was was was very pretty. Interviewer: Well a man you'd say would be handsome, a woman would be 794: She'd be uh she'd be pretty. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Woman would be pretty and man would be handsome. Interviewer: And if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one Sunday, you'd say church'll be over what we get there? 794: Well church w- we're a little late for church church will be over when we get there. Interviewer: And the enemy of God is called the 794: Satan. oh uh Interviewer: Or the 794: The devil. Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave? 794: Do which? Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get them if they didn't behave? 794: Oh. {NS} If you come get 'em you give 'em a whooping. Interviewer: A-huh. Or you'd say What's gonna get you? 794: Booger man is gonna get you. Interviewer: Is that the same as the devil? 794: Booger man same as the devil yeah. That's what they tell me. Interviewer: A-huh. What did children think, what do people think they see around the graveyard at night? 794: Well uh they think there's uh there's a ghost some people think there's a ghost around the graveyard if you go there at night. Interviewer: Do you believe that? 794: No I don't. Interviewer: What would you call a house that people are scared to go in? 794: Haunted. Interviewer: And you'd tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting 794: Cool. Really cool or chilly. Interviewer: And you'd say I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd what stay here? 794: I'd rather stay here. Interviewer: And if um if someone intensely disliked to go someplace, you'd say he what hated that place? 794: He didn't care to go to that place or hated that place or didn't like that place either one. Interviewer: Would you ever say he purely hated it? plum hated it or? 794: Well er they uh he just really hated that place or or didn't like the didn't like the place Interviewer: And you'd say um it wasn't just a little cold this morning, it was 794: Freezing cold. Interviewer: Or it was 794: Really really cold. Interviewer: And when you were growing up did you say or do you now say ma'am and sir to people? 794: Say ma'am. Interviewer: Or or sir? 794: Sir, well you say ma'am to the t- to the women folks and sir to the men folks. Interviewer: Do you still say that? 794: Yessum. Interviewer: To everybody or 794: Well most everybody now if it's someone that's just long uh probably that I'm with and regular you see just like home folks oh I I don't every time. Interviewer: And when the man was hammering and he hit his thumb what might he say? What exclamations would he have? 794: Well sometimes he says an ugly word. He says damn it Interviewer: A-huh. What would you say if someone told you something that surprised you? What exclamations would you have? 794: Well I wouldn't been expecting it. Interviewer: Would you ever say land's sakes or anything liked that? 794: Which? Interviewer: If someone told you something that surprised you, would you ever say land's sakes or anything like that? 794: and the wind this way at and the wind is ceasing. Interviewer: the wind is what? 794: Wind is ceasing #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 794: That means quit blowing. aux: That wind is gonna rain. 794: It's uh liable to rain. When the when the wind settles or ceases that that means it stopped. #1 blowing you see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 794: and it turns all warm well that's a a good sign of rain. coming. Interviewer: What do you say if the wind had been weak and it was getting stronger? 794: Well uh the wind has been weak or been low but now it's getting higher or getting stronger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} And #1 a wind from this # 794: #2 and get # Getting stouter or either one. Interviewer: A wind from this direction 794: From the south. A wind from the south gets stronger. Interviewer: If a wind's halfway between the south and east, you call it a? 794: A southeast wind. Interviewer: What 794: Southeast wind Interviewer: What if it's south and west? 794: Southwest wind, the wind from southwest. Interviewer: And north and west? 794: Uh well that they'd be the same thing uh from the wind from northwest Interviewer: And north and east? 794: Uh wind from north east northeast northeast southeast southwest or or southeast #1 either one you see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # You'd say all night long the wind 794: Had been a blowing from the southeast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you go in and if you'd had some clothes hanging on the line and you go out and see them knocked down you'd say well the wind must've 794: Blew my clothes down, clothesline down. Interviewer: Cause all night long the wind 794: wind's been a blowing. Interviewer: Or it did what? It 794: It gets rough. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Wind gets rough. Interviewer: And you'd say the wind what those clothes off? 794: The wind has blowed the clothes off of the line. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course either way you see a north wind, a south wind, a east a west either one a northeast southeast ever which it may be they blow it off just the same. And sometimes you have it propped up you see and it'll blow it over to one way and your prop will fall. #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 794: out from under it. Interviewer: Have you had bad winds around here? 794: Oh yeah we've had bad winds we had a bad wind here this year here about two or three m- bout two months back blowed uh trees down blowed up a big wild plum tree down this side of {X} and and uh broke uh blowed a big uh cedar tree down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: across the flower yard down where you see those yellow flowers blowed across there blowed the top out of a mulberry tree down in here in my garden fell right side of the fence didn't fall on it broke the top out of a a double top persimmon tree out here blowed my barn. Interviewer: A double top? 794: Yeah {X} forked you see that that that the top of it was forked and it broke if off just right at its fork. Interviewer: Mm. 794: And both both prongs broke off and blowed two uh pine trees down down here across the branch broke them off up about ten eight or ten foot high. Above the ground. Broke 'em off there. Interviewer: Hmm. 794: And I saw them up in the woods. Somebody wood for the stove out there and some wood for the fireplace here. Interviewer: What do you call the the winds that coming out of the Gulf at about two hundred miles an hour? 794: Well that that's generally a strong wind. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Awful strong wind. Interviewer: What are the ones that are named? Like Camille or Betsy? 794: Is which? Interviewer: There's there's one kind of wind that's real strong and it can totally destroy a #1 a city. # 794: #2 Oh that # that's a that's a low wind that's a it's a well you some called it a whirlwind Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 794: But a whirlwind is a wind that goes around and around thataway. But uh uh when a wind is low now that that's really dangerous more dangerous than than a high wind is sometime the high wind will go above the top of the timber and it don't hurt anything and sometimes it breaks the top of the tall trees out but it come down low why it blows buildings away Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And and caves trees up by the roots. Interviewer: Mm. 794: The stump and all. Interviewer: If someone told you something and you were surprised, what might you say? 794: Well I wasn't expecting that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I wasn't expecting it to be thataway. Interviewer: What would you say if you were disgusted with yourself? If you had done something stupid, what would you say? 794: If I was suggesting something like that or or a wind I I I suggested a wind or was expecting a wind that'd #1 be # Interviewer: #2 well # If you had if you had done something that you hadn't meant to do, you realized it was a stupid thing to do, what might you say? Would you ever say shucks or anything like that? 794: Yeah. At times I have. Interviewer: How would you s- 794: Say shucks. Or shaw. Interviewer: And when a, if someone says something shocking, and you sort of resented them saying it, you might say why the very 794: Very idea. Interviewer: And how would you greet someone on December twenty-fifth? You'd tell 'em 794: Well uh I'd be happy to see 'em Interviewer: Well what day is December twenty-fifth? 794: Uh Christmas. Interviewer: So you'd tell 'em 794: It's Christmas Day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh Interviewer: You'd wish him a 794: Wish him a happy Christmas. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say beside Happy Christmas? 794: Good Christmas. Good Christmas or Happy Christmas Or uh Big Christmas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I believe that's Interviewer: What do your Christmas cards say on them? We wish you a 794: Wish you a happy Christmas. Interviewer: What about a me- 794: Huh? Interviewer: Do you ever say a mer- 794: Merry Christmas. Wish you a merry Christmas. Interviewer: And on the first of January, you'd say happy 794: New Year. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Wish you a happy new year. Interviewer: Anything else people would say? Did you ever hear people say Christmas gift to each other? 794: Yeah. Many a time Interviewer: How would they say that? 794: Say Christmas gift. Christmas Eve gift, that's the day before Christmas you see. Wish you a Christmas Eve gift or wish you a Christmas gift. Interviewer: Do they #1 expect # 794: #2 that'd be ex- # -pecting a present you see. Interviewer: Would you ever say a, a new year's gift? 794: Yeah. Wish you a new year's gift. Interviewer: Would you have to give 'em something then? 794: Well uh it generally a rule that you do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You don't say have to but it's generally a rule you know that uh most times they do. Interviewer: And what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 794: Crawls. Interviewer: And a game that children play where one child will be it and the others will hide 794: Hide and seek Interviewer: What do you call the tree you can touch and be safe? 794: Is which? Interviewer: When you're playing hide and seek, you run toward #1 the # 794: #2 behind # Behind the tree from Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Ever who it is you see you're playing with you hide behi- run hide behind the trees Interviewer: And then you run in and touch the they'll be 794: Well uh they want it'll uh they'll run and catch you you see if they see you Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They they they'll someone will run and catch you. But uh sometimes you hide in a place they can't find you. Interviewer: Well you, where can you run to and touch and then you'll be safe? 794: Well uh you have a you have a oh kind of a center place Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A place where you're playing you have a center place that you run and touch. Interviewer: And you call that the? 794: {X} Safe then you see you call it home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And in football, you run toward the 794: To the center uh to the center base. Interviewer: Is that in football? 794: Yeah that that's called base you see. Interviewer: And something a child plays with, would be called a? 794: Something a child plays with? Interviewer: Would be a ? 794: Toy. Interviewer: What would you call something that a a toy for a small child or a baby {NS} 794: Well there's so many different things now to be it's hard to to say which it'd be. For they have so many different things for 'em to play with uh Interviewer: Would you ever call it a play pretty? 794: Yeah. Call it a play pretty course that's a different different kind of play pretty you know thataway. Interviewer: What would be a play pretty? 794: Well a doll or uh or a ball Interviewer: You think of a play pretty as something for a small child or could any? 794: Or a little bell. Or uh Interviewer: Would an older child have a play pretty? Or just a small child? 794: Well mostly a small child. When they'd get up larger they'd have a little wagon or some kind of toys you see larger toys. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: To play with. And uh Uh to get large enough to pull a wagon the boys course the little girl didn't play with a wagon as much they'd have dolls to play with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or they'd fix them a play house. But uh the boys generally have wagons to play with. Interviewer: And {NS} you'd say um, if you walked up to the alter and she 794: Walk up to the alter and she kneeled. Interviewer: And if you were Hmm? 794: Kneel and prayed. Interviewer: And if you were tired you might say I think I'll go over to the couch and 794: And rest. Interviewer: And what down? 794: Squat down. Yeah go to the couch and squat down. And rest. Interviewer: Or if you you can sit down or you can 794: Sit down or you can squat down. Interviewer: Or if you 794: uh kneel down. Interviewer: Or if you stretch out on it, you say you 794: Well you you you can you can stretch out or lay down Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Lay down on it. Interviewer: And you'd say, he was really sick, he couldn't even sit up all morning he just what in bed, he just? 794: Just squats down and hunches over. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or talking about him lying in the bed, you'd say all morning he just 794: Well he just uh lays there and just stretches out Interviewer: And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor, you say you 794: Put your foot on the floor? Interviewer: Or if you bring it down heavy. 794: Oh. Hit the floor, stomp the floor. Interviewer: And if you saw a friend walking home alone and you had your car, you'd say can I? 794: Ride, or pick you up. Interviewer: And if a friend needed to go to the doctor and didn't have a car, you'd say well I'd be glad to 794: Be glad to carry you. Interviewer: And to get something to come towards you, you take hold of it and 794: Pull it towards you Interviewer: And the other way is? 794: Push it from you. Interviewer: And if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car, you'd say I picked it up and 794: Well if I had a sack of groceries and didn't have a car? I picked it up and carry it on my shoulder. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides carry it? 794: Took it. Interviewer: What if it was something real heavy like you'd say I had to what that suitcase up three flights of stairs? I had to 794: Had to sit it down. On on on the stairs as I went up and rest. Interviewer: Do you ever say I had to tote it or #1 pack it or # 794: #2 tote it yeah have to # Pack it or tote it yeah I've said that too both of 'em Interviewer: What's the difference? 794: Well I don't know there's any difference in packing and toting uh you might say you'd carry it in your hand either way you see. Pack it or tote it either one. You'd be carry it in your hand. Interviewer: And you'd tell a child now that stove is very hot so 794: Don't touch it. Interviewer: #1 and # 794: #2 it'll # It'll burn you. Interviewer: If you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go 794: Get me the hammer. Interviewer: And say if we were planning to meet somewhere, I'd say well you don't need to hurry if I get there first I'll 794: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: And if you were about to punish a child, he might ask you not to punish him, just give him one more 794: One more lick. Interviewer: Or 794: One more uh Interviewer: He would won't do it again if you just give him another 794: Another another lick another strap give him another strap. Interviewer: And someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper you'd say he's got a good sense of 794: he had he had good temper he's uh smooth tempered Interviewer: Or someone who always sees the funny side in things 794: uh do which? Interviewer: Someone who's always um sees the funny side in things always catches onto a joke you'd say he's #1 got a # 794: #2 oh he's just # a joking or Interviewer: He's got a good sense 794: Got a good uh good temper. a d- a good disposition Interviewer: And say if um if you had a man working for you and you didn't and he was messing things up you didn't and he wasn't following your instructions right you'd say you were gonna fire him, he might ask you not to fire him, just give him another 794: Another chance. Interviewer: And you say, we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminating company will will get 794: I don't believe I got that. Interviewer: If you had termites #1 in the house # 794: #2 Oh # Interviewer: you'd say the exterminating company will 794: W- will uh {X} Termite the place #1 you see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And they'll get 794: {NW} Kill kill the termites Interviewer: Or 794: They'll spray it you see. Interviewer: And that'll get 794: That'll that'll get the termites Interviewer: Do you ever say or get shed of 'em #1 or get # 794: #2 get shed of 'em # yeah that'll get shed of 'em Interviewer: and if a child left her pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there, she'd say I bet somebody 794: Somebody got it. You mean the pencil on her desk? Somebody got it. Interviewer: And a child that's always running and telling on other children, you'd call him a 794: Meddlesome. Interviewer: Or he'd be a what? 794: Well he he he'd be a meddlesome or he'd be a always a meddling you see uh telling things on you, on some other child thataway he'd Interviewer: Do you ever call him a tattle 794: Yeah, call him a tattler he'd be be a tattler or uh or be a tattler that's telling things course meddling that'd be uh bothering things you see that you wasn't supposed to be that'd be different Interviewer: Could a grown person be a tattler? 794: Yes. Yes a grown person could be a tattler telling tales you know Interviewer: And If you had a lot of things growing out in your yard and you wanted to brighten up your room, you'd go out and {NS} 794: Turn the uh light on? Interviewer: Or, you wanna, like what you have growing out there that's blooming. You call those...? 794: Something that you're growing out #1 there? # Interviewer: #2 yeah something that blooms. # 794: Blooms oh flowers. Interviewer: And if you wanted to put some flowers in the house you'd go out and 794: You'd break 'em off or trim 'em. Sh- course some takes a knife and trim 'em or pair of scissor and clips them off. Some just breaks 'em off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So you say you went out and you 794: Gathered 'em. Gathered some flowers. Interviewer: And if you had to get up and start work before the sun was shining, you'd say you had to start work #1 before # 794: #2 Before # daylight. Interviewer: Or before sun 794: Before sun up. Interviewer: And you worked until 794: Sun down. Interviewer: And you'd say this morning I saw the sun 794: Up. Interviewer: I saw it do what? 794: Shining. The sun is shining. Interviewer: Or, at six o'clock this morning the sun 794: Is all was up the sun is a shining Interviewer: #1 it had # 794: #2 {X} # Yeah sun is shining or sun was up. Interviewer: It had done what? 794: Already ca- come up. Interviewer: Or it had, what's another way of saying come up? 794: Come up well that means that means up above uh where you where you can see it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: well some say up above the timber and some thinks above the ground. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: {NW} Of course they the world is round but the earth is not you see. The earth is not round. Interviewer: What do you mean? 794: But the world is round. Uh uh up in elements. The elements you see uh the world is round. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: In sky and all that's round but the earth is not round. The earth is i- is what they call flat. Course it's not smooth but still it it it's in a way it's flat. The earth is, but the world is round. Interviewer: Does the does the sun travel around the earth or does the earth travel around the sun or what? 794: Well they uh the sun shines around the earth. For you see when it's above it's daylight. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And when it's below, it's dark. And the sun's bounty shines around the earth. What you think about it? Interviewer: Um, are you you're picture the earth is is #1 flat? # 794: #2 The earth # in a way the earth is i- is flat in a way. The uh {NS} but uh for the earth can't be round. uh The top what you mean the top part of the earth Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or the bottom part of the earth couldn't be couldn't be round. Bound to be flat. Course as far as the earth all the way all way around thisaway why that's that's like going around something #1 Yeah a circle shape # Interviewer: #2 You mean, but it's flat. # 794: But uh it I don't know whether I suppose though that that'd be round. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But not like a ball. 794: Not like a ball, no. It couldn't be square you see. Round thataway down would be round. But the top of the earth is flat. And when the sun goes down when it's dark here it's light you see under it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's a pretty hard thing to figure out altogether. {NW} Interviewer: Um if you put some yeast in bread it makes the bread 794: Rise. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say I'm We we set the bread in a warm place and then it 794: I- i- i- i- it rise. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: i- it ris. Interviewer: And you'd say I'm you can the bread has already 794: Done? Interviewer: It's already done what? 794: Already ris- enough or {X} if it's cooked enough it's already done. Interviewer: And if a child learns something new like maybe learned to whistle, and you wanna know where she learned it you'd ask her who 794: Who learned you to whistle? Interviewer: And say you give someone a bracelet and you wanna see how it looks on her, you'd say go ahead and 794: A bracelet. Interviewer: You wanna see how it looks on her. #1 You'd say # 794: #2 Oh # They show me the bracelet. Put it on your arm on your wrist. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Put it on your wrist Interviewer: M-kay. 794: on your wrist. Interviewer: And you'd say I have just what him a letter? I have just 794: I have just uh uh fixed it on my arm Interviewer: Or 794: snapped it on my arm Interviewer: Or talking about, sending someone a letter, you'd say I have just what him a letter? 794: Just sent him a letter or ju- mailed him a letter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say yesterday he what me a letter? 794: Yesterday he mailed me a letter. Interviewer: Or talk you'd take your pen and you'd you'd what him a letter? 794: yeah addressed him a letter you see. Interviewer: Or talking about writing. You'd say 794: Well yeah I wrote him a letter. Interviewer: And he's already 794: He's already answered it. Interviewer: Or he's already what me a letter? 794: {X} Uh he wrote me a letter. Or I wrote him a letter and he's already answered my letter. Interviewer: And so tomorrow I'm gonna 794: Write him, answer his letter. Interviewer: And you'd say I wrote him and this time I was getting a 794: Getting an answer. Interviewer: And you put the letter in the envelope and you take out your pen and you 794: You address it. Interviewer: Any old fashion way of saying address it? Do you ever hear backed the letter? 794: Yeah. I backed a letter to him. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 794: Yeah that though that's the old fashioned way I backed a letter to him. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say I was gonna write him but I didn't know his 794: Address. Interviewer: And you'd say you can't get food there because the highway department had their machines in earlier and now the road's all 794: Stopped up. Interviewer: Or talking about them tearing it up, you'd say the road's all 794: Oh well uh it's torn up or uh unpassable. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say if we were just sitting here and no, neither one of us was saying anything. And all of a sudden I asked you what you said, you might say well I didn't say 794: I didn't say anything. Interviewer: And I'd say, oh I thought you said 794: Said something or so-and-so you know, whatever. Interviewer: And, you'd say that wasn't by accident, he did that 794: A purpose. Interviewer: And he moved here in nineteen sixty, and he's lived here ever 794: Ever since. Interviewer: And Jesus said, I am with you 794: Forever and return. Interviewer: And you'd say she what him with a big knife? She She took a big knife and she 794: Stabbed him. Interviewer: And if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery you could take pully blocks and a rope and 794: And uh pull it up. Oh uh a block and a line or a winch. Interviewer: Do you ever say hoisted or heisted up? 794: Yeah. Had heisted up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But that, what you call {D: hoistening} up, that'd take uh something and prop it just like there's a pole right here and you take another pole and put all this and tie it to whatever this was and you'd have this end of the pole longer and you'd pry down on it. And you pick that up. #1 That's what you # Interviewer: #2 So like a # a lever? 794: Yeah. Yeah you pry that's what they can {D: pryzing, pryzing} up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A {D: pryse} pole. Interviewer: Is that the same as heisting? 794: Well not all together. For there's different ways to heist it you see. Uh you can take a a block and line see you can heist it the same as you can with a pole thataway. Or or windlass, you can take a windlass and and raise it up heist it up either one Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time, but your bad luck comes all 794: All at once. Interviewer: And if you went into town two times a week, you'd say you went to town 794: Twiced. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Twiced. Twiced a week. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say I'm, today is Saturday, so Friday was Friday was when? 794: Well some calls Friday the last day of the week. Interviewer: Or Friday isn't today, Friday was 794: Friday is was today. And tomorrow is Saturday. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: He'll have to go to town tomorrow. Interviewer: And if today's Friday, then Thursday was 794: Was yesterday. Interviewer: And if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday but a week earlier than that 794: Sunday before last. Interviewer: What if he's gonna leave, not next Sunday but a week 794: Week after. Interviewer: Or, or Sunday. #1 you'd call it # 794: #2 Sunday week. # Interviewer: And if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth, you'd say he stayed about how long? 794: Two weeks. {NS} Interviewer: And, if you wanted to know the time, you'd ask somebody 794: Ask someone how how long they stayed? Interviewer: Or, if you want to know the time? 794: Oh, time the day. Interviewer: You'd ask someone 794: You'd ask someone yeah. Interviewer: What would you ask 'em? 794: What time is it? Interviewer: And you'd look at your? 794: Watch or your Interviewer: And, if it was midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock, you'd say it's 794: Oh it's uh half past uh seven. Interviewer: What if it's fifteen minutes later than that? You'd say it's 794: A quarter 'til uh to seven. Interviewer: And if you'd been doing something for a long time, you'd say I've been doing that for quite a 794: Quite a while. Interviewer: And you'd say nineteen seventy-four was last year, nineteen seventy-five is 794: This year. Interviewer: And if a child's just had his third birthday, you'd say he's How old? 794: His third birthday? Interviewer: #1 He's # 794: #2 Three # three years old. Interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year, you'd say it happened exactly 794: The same time. Interviewer: How long ago? 794: That'd be a year ago. Interviewer: And talking about the weather, you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 794: Clouds. Interviewer: And on a day when the sun is shining and you don't see any clouds, you'd say 794: It's fair. {NS} Fair and the sun's shining. Interviewer: What if it's just the opposite of that? If it's real dark and 794: Well it's cloudy. It's cloudy and uh {NS} {C:microphone feedback} Oh um and the clouds, uh if if if they're solid sm- smooth clouds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And and if it's low the clouds just way up high it's not much sign of a rain but if they're now settling low Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's sign of a rain. Interviewer: If, go back to the fair day. What's another way of saying it's, what if it's a, a r- just a perfect day, you'd say it's a 794: Pretty fair weather. Or uh sun shining weather. Interviewer: Do you ever say it's a 794: Are the clouds this uh Interviewer: What about it's a beau- 794: Beautiful. Beautiful weather. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If the clouds were getting thicker, and you think you're gonna have some rain or something in a little while you'd say the weather is doing what? 794: Is getting cloudy. Or getting heavy. Interviewer: Do you ever say it's threatening or gathering or changing? 794: Yeah gathering, like gathering corn. Or gathering peas or gathering tomatoes. Interviewer: What about the weather? Would you ever say the weather is gathering or #1 threatening? # 794: #2 Oh # Threatening yeah the weather i- the clouds is a gathering up {NS} the rain or a threatening to rain. Interviewer: And if the clouds pull away and the sun comes out, you'd say it looks like it's finally gonna 794: Pass over. Interviewer: And the weather's finally going to 794: Finally going to oh uh going away go fairer up in and it not gonna rain. Interviewer: And if not rain comes for weeks and weeks, you say that you're having a 794: Dry spell. Interviewer: What if it goes on like that for a couple of months? You'd call it a 794: Oh a real dry weather. Hot dry weather. Interviewer: #1 Any other name # 794: #2 a- a- and miserable. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Miserable weather. Interviewer: Any other named for a dry spell? 794: Well just uh dry spell or a hot dry spell Interviewer: What about a drought or #1 {X} # 794: #2 A drought. # Uh yeah a drought. It it's a drought. It it dry a long dry spell is called a drought. Interviewer: How long does it have to be dry before it's a drought? 794: Well it has to be for for a good while, for several weeks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: To be a drought. Interviewer: And 794: Several days is not a drought that's just a kind of a dry weather like But for several weeks is a drought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you meet someone during the early part of the day, what do you say as a greeting? You'd tell him 794: Good morning. Interviewer: How long does morning last? 794: 'til twelve o'clock. Interviewer: And then what? 794: Evening. Interviewer: Is there another name for evening? 794: Afternoon. Interviewer: How long does that last? 794: Well afternoon lasts just on up 'til dark. Interviewer: So in the evening 794: In the evening yeah see. the afternoon lasts just up 'til you might say dark. Interviewer: #1 and then # 794: #2 and then then it's night # Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were leaving someone at about eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything if you were leaving them? 794: Well uh I'm leaving in the morning part of the day before noon. Interviewer: Would you ever tell 'em good day? 794: Yeah good day good tell 'em good day or good bye. Interviewer: When do you say good day? When you leave them or when you first see 'em? 794: Uh uh when you leave 'em. Interviewer: #1 is it # 794: #2 good # good day. And and when you first meet 'em why it's howdy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NW} Interviewer: Do you say good day any time during the day or is it just in the morning or what? 794: Yeah well uh most any time of day and you meet him you say howdy Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And now if it's a morning part you say good morning. And if it's uh afternoon after noon you say good evening Interviewer: What if you're leaving someone's house after dark you'd tell him 794: Goodnight. Interviewer: Do you ever say good night when you first see him? 794: No. Interviewer: And now could you start counting slowly? 794: This which? Interviewer: Now would you start counting, slowly. Up to fifteen. 794: Start to counting, well what? Interviewer: Yeah start counting up to fifteen. 794: Fifteen? Well, you'd start at one you see. Interviewer: Well, go on go on and do it. 794: Yeah. Y- you'd start at one. two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen. Interviewer: And the number after nineteen? 794: Be twenty. Interviewer: And twenty-six? 794: After twenty-six be twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine? 794: Thirty. Interviewer: And after thirty-nine? 794: Thirty-nine forty. Interviewer: And after sixty-nine? 794: Seventy. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine? 794: A hundred. Interviewer: And nine hundred ninety-nine? 794: A thousand. Interviewer: And ten times a hundred thousand? is one 794: Million. Interviewer: And if there's some people standing in line, the person at the head of the line is the? What person in line? 794: Is the is the head leader. Interviewer: Or he's not the last, he's the 794: Not the last he's the uh Interviewer: If he's the number one person in line, he's not the last person in line 794: No he's the first. Interviewer: And behind him is the 794: The second. Interviewer: And keep going. 794: Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Eleventh. Twelfth. Interviewer: And now can you name the months of the year? 794: January. {NS} February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. December. Interviewer: And the days of the week? 794: Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Interviewer: What does sabbath mean? 794: Oh well uh that's Sunday. Sunday that's that uh the day you're supposed to go to church. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh of course for to serve the Lord you're supposed to serve the Lord every day. Seven days a week. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Suppose to serve the Lord Monday same as Sunday. {NS} But there some people they go to church and course they sing and they pray and and listen to the preacher preach and all and and they they feel they the love of the Savior more than they do sometimes of a Monday or any other day of the week when they out a working. They gon' have their mind on their work you see whatever they was doing. Interviewer: What would you call a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down? 794: Flood. Interviewer: Anything else you could call it? 794: Well uh Interviewer: You'd say we had a real 794: Real flood or real large rain or real hard rain. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever hear # 794: #2 Uh overflow. # Interviewer: Huh? 794: A overflow now now that's hard rain that's in low land you see overflows is. But Interviewer: What about a cloud burst or pour down or 794: Pouring down a rain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They're pouring down, just a just a flood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if there's thunder and lightning in it? You'd call it a 794: Well uh you'd call it kind of a {NS} Where there's thunder and lightning and wind you'd call it a hurricane. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh where it uh blowing down the timber of a house and all you'd call that storm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there thunder and lightning in 794: Thunder and lightning in uh and a wind a blowing. Interviewer: What if it's raining but not real hard? You'd call it just a little 794: Just a shower. Shower or a sprinkle. Interviewer: What's the difference? 794: Well a sprinkle and a shower Oh oh oh a shower is a little heavier than a sprinkle. Sprinkle that's just a light. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Light rain you see and small drops of rain. And a shower it's it's a little more thicker rain and heavier, larger drops Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Than a sprinkle is. Interviewer: What if it lasts a long time? Like maybe all day? Just kind of slow. 794: Well that's a slow steady soaking rain. Interviewer: Do you ever call it a drizzle? 794: Yeah, when it's i- i- i- just showering along or light sprinkle light like a sprinkle that's kind of a drizzle like. Interviewer: How long does a drizzle last? 794: Well sometimes it drizzles for two or three hours, probably half a day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And sometimes it don't drizzle over thirty minutes. Fifteen to twenty, something like that. Interviewer: What if it's real fine, you can hardly see it. 794: Fine mist. Interviewer: And if you get up in the morning and can't see across the road, you'd call that a? 794: Fog. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Fog. Interviewer: Oh what kind of day would that be? 794: Well it'd be uh uh cloudy uh cloudy day or it'd be uh foggy kind of like smoky. Smokes that you couldn't see very far out from you. that there'd be called a foggy day. Foggy weather. Interviewer: What's your full name? 811: Joseph Lee {B} the senior. Interviewer: All right. And this is Joe {B} Now you were born where? 811: Uh I was born about uh a mile and a half across the field that on the uh no, I was born on the hi- {X} {NS} yeah that was back yeah uh Interviewer: On what bottom farm? 811: Hickenbottom. Interviewer: Okay. And uh okay now this- that place was called what? Was there a- a community nearby or? 811: Uh Church Point. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Has Church Point grown a lot since 811: {NW} Quite a bit. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. In other words, you call this where we are right now chur- 811: {X} Interviewer: {X} 811: {X} Interviewer: Who were you named of? 811: Uh after let's see uh it was his uh after his uh grandpa. After my father's grandpa. His name was Joe Mennings. So we have other Joe Mennings. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} And you've farmed all your life? 811: I well I'll tell you what I- when when I came up, I came up on the farm. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh we'd plant cotton and sweet potatoes. A little corn. Woman: {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: And we farmed uh why w- we would do we would plant Woman: {NS} 811: oh about ten acres of cotton, and Woman: {NS} 811: eight, ten acres of sweet potatoes and about five, six acres of corn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Woman: {NS} 811: And while we did have our preschool {D: in the sixth grade} they've gotta help on the farm. {C: muffled} And as I grew up a little bit, we uh {NS} lost our way from mr Scanlon. What I would do like during planting season, well I would run that tractor all night {X} from about six o'clock in the afternoon, till about six o'clock that morning. Then I'd go on back and sleep till about ten o'clock. My poor daddy would go ahead and feed my mules and everything, then he'd hitch up and go in the field. And I'd just go on and when I'd get up, I'd go on in the field and I would catch him up, whatever he was doing. In the afternoon, I'd knock off about three o'clock and I'd go back and sleep till about five thirty. Woman: {NS} 811: And we started like that. And during the winter, when we would get through, I had a brother lived in Texas. I would go out there and wait three or four months. They didn't have too much to do on the farm. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Oh we'd wait uh I'd wait until it was time to start again in the field. Till after the winter. Come back and get started again. Woman: {NS} 811: And that's how it went on awhile until I got ready to get married, it was in uh {X} fifty-nine, I believe. So I finally went away from mr Scanlon and we moved in a little house right there. Oh yeah, stayed there nine years. Then we moved in a bigger house, right down over there We stayed there six- Woman: {NS} 811: and I had been working for 'em for about four or five years before I got married. So altogether I stayed on this farm with cattle, rice. Interviewer: Yeah. Tell me about the first house you were born in. Can you tell me about that? 811: Um Woman: {NS} 811: I remember the old house, it had a Woman: {NS} 811: um had wooden windows on it. I #1 {D: dare to} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 811: remember mosquitoes used to eat us up. {NW} And the- they didn't have- they had the rafters, #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 811: you didn't have nothing, all it was the thing just wouldn't go up Interviewer: Yeah. 811: to the top. And they had {X} that would fall down in the house. I remember that good. And we had an old cistern Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: with a- Interviewer: Now, when you built a fire, you have a fireplace? 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Tell me about your chores, about about building that fire. 811: Well what you gotta do is uh at that time you didn't have no- no coal oil Interviewer: Yeah. 811: It was kind of hard to come by. Interviewer: You started with what? 811: What- uh Well, with cypress. You had to go out there, that was your chore in the afternoon. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And go cut you some so- fine cypress to get it started. And then you'd be- wood would start you a few Then you have to kind of keep watch the weather. Kind of keep you some dry wood. Cause we had a wood pile in the corn bin. And we let it always tidy Woman: {NS} 811: keep maybe about a day ahead of dry wood cause if you let that wood get wet, you had trouble to start it. And then if you uh {NW} had you a go- what they call a good {D: bag alone} {NW} you didn't have to worry about starting no fire in the morning. Interviewer: Yeah I heard that. 811: Cause you would put this big ol' chunk in there, and they would boil all night. And the next boil, you just put you some fine stuff on there and you get you a good fire going. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you um what would the did you put the wood on anything? In other words, 811: Wha- you uh {NW} Interviewer: You'd put the wood on the when you put the log on, you'd- you'd have something you could set it on. Those two things? It'd be- 811: Lord them that was uh you've gotta twist it some kind of way or either you'd get you a brick or something then put under. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: It was not fancy like they build these days you know in these days you can set it on. Interviewer: Yeah what do they call like 811: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 the # 811: I don't know what you'd call- Interviewer: Dog irons or? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: But uh hmm. 811: Now some houses didn't have 'em. Certainly all houses didn't have 'em. You had these uh Woman: {NS} 811: heaters iron heaters. I remember when we was going to school we had this little old one room uh schoolhouse. And we had a coal heater. And many a mornings we'd get around that old pipes would fall over and hit somebody in the head. {NW} {D: It was a point} We had about three miles of the the walk to school. Interviewer: Oh. 811: And if it would start raining the weather would get bad sometimes poor dad had to come get us. That would be eight o'clock at night when the weather would break up. {NS} Cause boy you were s- {NS} {D: We had it big like the kids. Did they} {NS} Interviewer: When the weather would break up, you mean it would? 811: Well, here we'd leave walking going home. You know there'd be lightning and thunder, boy you Interviewer: Yeah. 811: It's like somebody had something lit up outside, the way it was lightning. Interviewer: Have y'all had- had it like this lately? I mean this is- it was I came into town, I had to come through three- about two feet of water. 811: Oh, well uh I had to go to Lafayette for my checkup recently. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And we've acted like that back home. They got a state trooper that live uh- I know him pretty good. And they uh {X} we left while the- the water was deep right there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And my wife was worried about that uh they go for my two weeks checkup. So I said I guess we gonna go she wanted to go in {X} Says I ain't going in that thing, it rides too bad. They- when they took me to the hospital, she had to hold my- I was sick as a dog. But I had to hold myself {X} the way we was riding back. So I said I ain't going in that. So she went down to my sister she was gonna drive, they don't want me to drive. I said okay. And that was the water wasn't too bad. {D: And man, we was going} and they kept her there till about three thirty. And I rarely come back boy they'd close almost all the roads in Lafayette. Woman: {NS} 811: #1 We # Interviewer: #2 Was it bad in Lafayette, too? # 811: Huh? Interviewer: Was it bad in Lafayette? 811: Oh man. {NS} Then uh Appaloosa well, Appaloosa got nine inches, I believe. Crowley got nine inches. Interviewer: {NW} I was in the- I was in Crowley last night. They had thirteen, I think. 811: Well that's the w- Interviewer: Somewhere around- somewhere around there. 811: That's the worst flood we've had since nineteen forty. Woman: {NS} 811: I heard a bunch of old people talking about it. They said that's the worst flood we had since nineteen forty. Woman: {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. 811: And look it- flat rain day before yesterday. They had a- a low pressure that that made up in from Crowley. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Church Point rain, and Appaloosa was just laying across. And it rained it rained that they wouldn't move boy {D: this was still} And but around six o'clock, they'd even start to break up and move outta there. It {NW} And should we {X} and we came up thirty-five there the water was running over {X} Interviewer: Yeah, you should've seen Crowley. {X} 811: Well uh I heard on the CB when it was uh which day- that was the day before yesterday. Interviewer: Wouldn't wanna- 811: You couldn't get in to Crowley. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yes well # I had a hard time getting in that night. I came in that night cause cause- when it was raining cause it was starting. 811: Oh. Interviewer: And uh they- they closed off all the roads afterwards. 811: {NW} Interviewer: That was dow- #1 down # 811: #2 {X} # Interviewer: downtown. 811: Well you just made it, then. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Yeah, I sure did. In fact, I'm not- I'm not counting my chances too heavy on getting back today. 811: Now #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 It's going down, # right? 811: If you- yeah, if you go back to Crowley, you going back to Crowley? #1 Or you going to Appaloosa? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Well, Imma go to uh Imma go to Escambia farm in Iota. 811: Oh yeah. Well, that's gonna be your best bet. You go up to Branch to the uh {D: barely} four-way stop, you take a right. And that's gonna take you to highway thirteen. And then the- Crowley on this road. Interviewer: Okay. 811: {D: And now we all would wait from there.} Interviewer: {NW} 811: Oh you go Man: {D: The left} going to is Crowley. 811: Yeah. And you'll see the sign that says Iota. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: You take a right. Man: Unless you wanna go past all the way back there by {X} 811: {D: forty-five?} Oh no, that's gonna be too far. Interviewer: But uh okay this is the branch road 811: #1 here? # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 811: Branch uh Grand Branch Road. It'll be thirty-five. But it's closed, I believe. I doubt they opened it. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh up there by ran the water was {D: Thursday} afternoon it was about a foot and a half deep running over there. Interviewer: Well, there's a low spot right down there by that- 811: What? Interviewer: there's a canal a refinery or something 811: Yeah. Interviewer: down refinery? 811: Uh yeah that's uh coming from Appaloosa there. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: #1 When did they put that up? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 811: That's {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: That thing start off as a little bitty little bitty old little plant. And they just kept adding on, adding on. I don't remember exactly. Cause in that time, you didn't have no way to get around you get a flat foot. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh Interviewer: Yeah. 811: I remember whe- when it was, I was about Woman: {NS} 811: oh Woman: {NS} 811: oh I must've been about thirteen. Twelve, thirteen years old. I remember we used to go to Bellevue. When we would go by there. And that was that little bitty old little plant. Man: {NS} 811: And they just kept adding on, adding on to it till it got big as it is {X} Interviewer: Bellevue. 811: Uh yeah. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} I'm trying to think where that is. 811: {X} Interviewer: Huh? Man: By Lewisburg. Interviewer: {X} {X} by Lewisburg, too. 811: Yeah, you can go through it. #1 Through b- # Interviewer: #2 Is that # 811: Bellevue. Interviewer: Is that in Evangeline or? 811: Uh that would be now {X} {NS} But you can go through that so fast that if you don't watch it I don't believe they even got a store there. They got a church. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. I tell you, these roads around here are about as confusing #1 as I've ever- # 811: #2 Oh # Lord. Interviewer: Yeah, you y- you come around one corner and you get to another one you know it's just like a a jigsaw puzzle, I guess you could call it. 811: {NW} Interviewer: When you were coming up, was it like that? I mean, were there just roads everywhere all through- 811: Uh they didn't have that many roads. Uh let's see #1 like- # Interviewer: #2 Okay # now when you were- where would you go wh- you go into town, like uh you wouldn't go in pretty often, would you? 811: No. {NS} Daddy- well, we used to {X} uh Man: I don't really know how to {X} 811: {X} Well Interviewer: On that I'm sure should've gotten w- well talking about uh the fireplace and everything, you had to clean out the 811: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 fi- # 811: You had uh oh when I would build up so much coals and then you'd get you a shovel and a bucket. And what the fun part about it you could take your big ol' sweet potatoes and put in there. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And just cook 'em and Interviewer: You used to cook in there {X} 811: Oh yeah, you peel 'em. They had these big old iron pots you could put in there and warm whatever you wanted to warm. {NW} Interviewer: Uh now, you had to get the what outta the chimney? Get all the black? 811: Oh, the- well the only thing you had to get was the uh um was the coals and the ashes. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Cause they'd- you know how wood build up ash? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: {D: wouldn't burn} So what you gotta do i- it was a- it would all pile up down in there. And what you would do, you would put your wood it would sink down in there, they'd it wouldn't {D: burn} {NW} So you'd take your shovel get a special little old shovel and a old five-gallon can or something so you just go in there and pick it up. Interviewer: But uh like the chimney, would it ever catch on fire? All the stuff in the chimney? 811: No. Cause uh you mean going up or? Interviewer: Yeah, all that black 811: No, it would never catch on fire cause it wasn't nothing but soot. {D: but your} uh like a what you had to do {D: like when it would stay all December, you know.} You'd get you something and ram up in there and get the birds' nests and stuff out the #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, did y'all have # the martin around here? 811: #1 The what? # Interviewer: #2 That # bird that'll- that'll nest in a chimney? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {D: They'd get down in that boy and put you a pile of hay.} You had to kind of clean that out. It was the same thing with the stoves. You had the pipes {D: to bang it in} {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Now you'd cut it. Wouldn't there be a place in the house the stove pipe would run up to the 811: Yeah, it'd go through the the ceiling of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: {NW} And them bo- big older higher houses that were so bad they had a {X} and they just would cut a hole inside the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: And what they would do is uh instead of they would cut if the pipe was about this big They had something like about a six-inch pipe. While they cut you about a ten-inch hole. And then they'd take ten {NS} and cut the tin just so it would shape over the pipe. {NS} So like that, if your pipe would get hot, it wouldn't boil your water {D: it just on tin} Interviewer: How- how is the uh the fireplace built? Like was it some of 'em would be made outta moss wouldn't they? Moss and {X} 811: Some of 'em was made outta moss and dirt. Most of 'em. Cause they didn't have brick in that time. And the one we had was made outta moss and dirt. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Now, the fire- you'd come in on a cold day and you'd stand- stand on the what? Stand in front of the fireplace? 811: Oh yeah. There was a well they had a they had a little flat form built out where- where they w- couldn't put no wood {D: cause it was dirty} You know, you had your flat form uh uh well, what you call the clay and uh #1 and moss and stuff, # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 811: what your chimney wa- whatever the chimney was made out of. Uh Interviewer: And it was built out- did that have a kind of a raised kind of place built out from the fireplace? 811: Yeah, they did. Cause uh cause you couldn't start your wood too close to it. Most time they would build 'em like on the side of the house. And uh Interviewer: Oh- oh a wood storage thing? 811: Uh no it would be a chimney, but they would pull it {X} {NS} went to build their chimney. {D: well it} this would cut a hole Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: and they would start their chimney, and they would go up on the outside of the house. And you- you would put your wood in there. And wouldn't be on the inside of the house. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: If your chimney was you couldn't put it on the wood floor if you had a wood floor. Man: Right, most of the houses, some of 'em had dirt floors. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: And uh that's the way they would build 'em. Cause most of 'em they made 'em after they built the houses. Some of 'em when they built the houses, they made 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. You know what the hearth- the hearth was? Or the you know, the part of the- the part of the chimney that was outside. Okay. Well, on a wood stove you know, on those wood stoves? 811: Uh. Interviewer: Where you have kind of a raised hearth, raised hearth there? You know, uh okay. Now, but up over the chimney you'd have a- you might? 811: Oh on the top. Interviewer: Yeah, you had a what? 811: You had- I don't know what you'd call that. But you had some- it was made something like this. Cause if uh you didn't if you left the top open, it would've rained in it. Interviewer: Oh? 811: So what you had- it's something like a horse. Interviewer: It is, yeah. 811: A horse you had on the top. And uh Interviewer: Like a horse? 811: I- I guess you would call it a horse. No, like a a sawhorse. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Yeah, yeah. 811: It needed something like a well, it'd the chimneys, they got the {X} They made you know, something like that, but it wasn't as big. They got these big ol' fancy {X} They got the- the day our neighbor down there building one uh one about a year ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: And they got this big ol' fancy {X} put uh gas gas logs in it. Or burn wood. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Well uh, um a stove was always more efficient, anyway. I mean it was better. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} What I was talking about was uh you'd like to have those kind of a something that in the house uh right up over the the the fireplace that you could put a put a clock on, or put pieces 811: Yeah, something like a mantle. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Yeah. The uh the chimney was built so high, none of it would come out. And you had a- something like a mantelpiece. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: Over the top of it. Interviewer: Did- did uh 811: {NW} Interviewer: What about the- the stuff you had in the house to sit in? Tell me about that. 811: #1 Oh you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # in the old things in the house. 811: You had uh wooden chairs. Well, for instance like when I got married I bought some uh wooden chairs for fifty cent a piece. {NW} Interviewer: Pretty good price. 811: And uh while a couple of 'em I- I think we still got one or two of 'em. Them wooden chairs. We paid 'em uh fifty cent a piece. Man: The one I got in my room? 811: #1 You didn't have- # Interviewer: #2 I've got- # 811: Oh no, you didn't have no sofa. Wha- what you made is a wooden bench. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: Yeah, you get a cot and you make you one of these fancy wooden benches with a back and everything on it. And that's mostly what you had uh well, it's {D: safe enough} like a sofa. You put you a couple of pillows in it. You know, you cotton pillows. And you put something on the back. But you had nothing like this. Interviewer: How did you uh when you moved, did you have to move all your all your 811: Uh furniture? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Yeah. You'd move in a wagon {D: or old trailer to it} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, now what about the things that you would put your would you have something that had drawers in it that you'd put your clothes in? 811: You mostly had a it was something like trunks. Every now and then you'd find Somebody that had a old uh chest that cedar, oak, or something. Mostly you had i- is- is big trunks. We had one, I remember it was about that high we'd put the quilts and clothes and stuff in. Very seldom you'd see something with drawers. I- ours {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay now something nowadays that you'd have to put put um put your clothes in in other words. You know, with drawers in it. 811: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What- what do you call that? 811: Uh. Interviewer: Uh well you know, back in the old days they had uh they had those big things. If you didn't have a built-in- 811: You had a press. It was a press. That big ol' {X} It had so- it had two doors. But it had shelves on it. You might've had maybe four or five shelves in it. And you had that two big ol' doors, you just walk up and open 'em, you know. #1 And that's what they would call a press. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And you got your clothes out. 811: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 And then you # 811: You'd close it back, you had a place you could uh well just like a cl- a clothes closet, a walk-in clothes closet. You had one place you could hang your clothes. Another place you had shelves, you could fold 'em and {D: pull 'em.} Interviewer: Ah. 811: I- it served the same purpose as as a closet. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Cause the- some of 'em was just as big. But what it was- they were so tall and heavy they'd well, they would be a antique now. Interviewer: Hmm. Um now the- you mentioned the windows. 811: They had the windo- you didn't have no screens. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: You had wooden windows. {NW} Uh the weather would get bad or something you had wooden windows with some latches, just like these old type of doors. You just pull 'em and- {NS} And when it would get bad, we just had to get out there and make a smoke. So the mosquitoes. You know, they- some- Well, we didn't have no screen doors. {X} {D: And keep from somebody have to keep with the windows open.} Interviewer: Did you have a- a place out at the front of the house? Uh, you know where you could sit? Put a chair or something like that? 811: Well um b- some of the houses had uh little porches on, where you could {NS} sit out. You know, little hangovers. Wasn't a porch, it was just a {NS} thing to hang over. {NS} And most of the places we lived always had a tree or something we'd {NS} get out there and sit under the tree. {NS} Interviewer: What kind of shade tree? Big- 811: Uh, we had oaks. Well, most of 'em wa- was good trees, they wasn't uh {NS} live oaks or something. Interviewer: China ball or 811: No, we didn't have too many China balls. Uh li- something like a live oak. It was uh but them China ball trees there. I uh I'm trying to remember the first time I ever knew the weather had gotten bad. Uh for a tornado We uh They just had put us in {D: last winter.} A big ol' deal or something like that, no. Poor mama was laying down on the on the sofa, she was feeling bad. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh it #1 started- # Interviewer: #2 Go ahead. # Uh you can talk. I'm- 811: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 so- it doesn't matter. # Woman: We have a helicopter that just landed right out there. What's going on out there? {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. But- um {NS} but uh the- when you were young, okay, how did y'all plant rods? Did you plant it {NS} 811: Uh well we'd drill it down with a with- {NW} we had a drill, we'd start something like uh Interviewer: Hello. 811: {NW} That's the baby girl. {NS} Uh you'd do about forty acres a day, I guess. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Forty, fifty acres a day. {X} It'll- it'll strain you to do forty acres a day, cause you have to push your levees. You didn't have a levee plow then, you uh you would start drilling {X} was in the morning. And uh you had to have a fellow on the- driving the truck to back the truck to the drill. Put the rice in {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh afterwards well, then you'd have to start you'd have to put two tractors on a pusher. To push your levees. {D: Cause one tractor you'd get to the corn, it wouldn't tow it.} {D: Or you're doing it} and the gravel was so hard and everything cause she didn't have nothing {X} You couldn't wait more than about six inches, I guess. And then old soil was hard, you had uh then you had to push it and you had about four fellows on the pusher. It'd take you a whole lot of man labor. {NS} Take you uh well if four men's on the pusher, and two on the trac- there were six mens. And a whole lot of time you- you would start about four o'clock in the afternoon and your land would roll cause you you couldn't water that land. And you didn't have enough- no water left with you {NW} And your levees was all one right on top. Close to the uh Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: But you might finish it by twelve, one o'clock that morning. {NS} Uh pushing your levees. {NS} And then to get a good day the next day, you had to get up about around four o'clock to try to get started for five. To put in a good day again. Well, that would never last more than about a week and a half. {NS} But that was a long week and a half during planting season. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh Interviewer: Week and a half of eighteen hour days. 811: Yeah. {NW} That was Saturday. Saturday nights {X} sometimes till one or two o'clock on Saturday night. Last Sunday mornings. Well you wouldn't and m- {NW} and they had these old crude oil engines. {NS} We'd have to have a man to {X} And most of these people they was religious people, they wasn't {NS} let them folks run on Sunday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: They'll uh #1 stop # Interviewer: #2 What # 811: they'd stop 'em twelve o'clock on Saturday night. And they'd start 'em twelve o'clock on a Sunday night. {NS} And uh {NW} They would- they would {D: the only thing that be in the back} you know, pumping and they couldn't ask for the run down, then they had to go close all they levees. And that night at twelve o'clock, well they went off to get up and start opening they levees again. Cause that their problems were gonna start while the waters were gonna get there around four, five o'clock in the morning. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} {X} 811: {X} Interviewer: And then in that sense, it's easier to plant {X} one reason why they're going with an airplane now this mix, is because I- they- they don't have to cuz it won't mess up the ground underneath. In other words, after they've water plowed, 811: Well uh Interviewer: put the roads up? 811: you uh wha- what it is is a whole lot quicker done. You uh and you save on labor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: Well I say you save on labor cause if you drill, {NW} like I was telling you, you can't do more than {NW} bout forty, fifty acres a day. Interviewer: The seed will take that way? It'll take? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: In other words, all they do is just drop it down there {X} 811: {X} Or then uh well if you were water planting, yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Tell you the way we d- we do it over here. We'll uh, take a ladder and we put four hundred and fifty pound {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: That was uh triple fifteen with zinc. Okay. And we put that with {D: Dixie} {D: We distill that.} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Then we'd come- we'd flood it Then we get- then we work it in the water with this full ladder in there. Um we'd use drags and harrows. My father got to know what he's doing cause if you get {D: enough, you skip a bit this water is gonna show.} The grass gonna come up {X} Interviewer: Uh-uh. {NS} 811: So, what you do, you don't put too much water. {NS} And uh {NS} you'd get {NS} you go ahead and you do your whole field, {NS} when you get through, you let it- {NS} settle a little bit, about a half a day or so. You come and you throw your rice in there, {NS} and you leave it out till it sprout. Well, we used to {X} sprout. {NS} What we'd do, we'd take it and put it in a {X} {NS} Interviewer: In a what? 811: In a Interviewer: {X} 811: Oh yeah, in a- uh uh we had a special hole where you put it in. Where the water was still. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: No, you didn't have no fresh water {D: run in} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And you throw a let's say if you uh had a- a hundred acres you want to plant. You're putting a hundred and fifty pound of seeds to the acre and you put a hundred and fifty sacks in there. {NS} You throw the sacks in there weighing a hundred pound when you put 'em. You go to get 'em out, they weigh a hundred and sixty cause they wet. {NW} They smell like hell. The rice we had it'd be all sour, you know. Smell like the dickens, and then you'd get there and get it out. You stack it on the truck. {NS} Then you would take you some tarp over it and you wrap it up. {NS} Uh airtight. {NS} And uh you leave it uh what it is thirty-six hours. {NS} Uh wrapped up under that {X} When you go back, your rice be coming out your sacks it'd be sprouted. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 811: Then you'd take it, put it in the planter, you'd throw it in the field. {NS} And uh the next day, you'd cut your water out the field, you go, you plow your ditches. Uh you'd plow all your ditches, then you gotta start- you gotta get all the water off {D: with a hose of water and stuff} You get it all off in about uh four days. You can see early in the morning, you go out there and look {D: you get it you're on the} ground and you see all the little green stuff coming out. {NS} And uh {NS} we used to do a whole lot of water planting. {NW} But lately we went back to dry planting. Water planting it had its advantages and disadvantages. If you got red rice, {NW} that's {D: raw in the form of} and now you get a bunch of red rice. But with water, {NS} you can kind of control it a little bit with water, if you water plant. {NS} You don't never let your field get dry when you first plant. You just make sure your rice sprout, you come back and you're flooded again. And that uh the red rice had a tendency it won't come up through uh through water. {NS} But any time it'd get dry, {D: the stuff in it} And after you let it come up, Interviewer: Is it i- it's a different type of rice. 811: What it is #1 is a # Interviewer: #2 hard # #1 hard # 811: #2 yeah. # {NS} And they'd uh {D: or they'd do it straight heads} You know, it- and the other rice, what it doing if a fellow don't understand it oh well like mr {X} he showed me that- a bunch of stuff about that. {NS} Now they say if you got {NS} ten stalk of rice, a good rice, {NS} and you've got eight stalks of red rice, {NS} now all this red rice doing is taking the fertilizer, the nitrogen, {NS} everything from your good rice. {NS} So you me- that mean you gotta put twice as much of everything in it. {NS} And make it produce the way it's supposed to. {NS} And any time you started doing that way, you push it up your red rice, too. After you let it come through. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh when they got {X} separate it. {NW} But it makes you a bad sample. {NS} You won't get the price you gonna get if you get just the white rice. {NS} Interviewer: One um {NW} one thing that they did was don't they rotate and you plant rice in the same field every- 811: Uh no or what we'd do uh was down on this farm me, I was taking care of this farm. We had uh let me see. {NS} Um we had about a hundred and sixty acres- uh two hundred and sixty acres of rice. {NS} Uh we'd put rice one year {D: and pasta} We'd rotate from rice to {D: pasta} every year. A- and that makes a big difference. And uh Interviewer: Don't they have some kind of farms now, where they they'd flood the rice and get those animals, get- {NS} get the crawfish? 811: Yeah. This farm of rice here did it. {NW} {X} bad weather. {NW} I don't know what happened, though. But they had money in it a couple of years ago. Tell me one of the boy made 'em fifty thousand dollars. {NS} Uh A young fellow the young farmer, he's about thirty, thirty-one years old. And he went out there in a {NS} they had some land, I don't know how many about five, six hundred acres he planted. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And then when I- that boy his daddy told me, I don't know how true it is, he told me he made fifty thousand dollars in one year. Interviewer: {X} 811: Yeah. Man: That's what he'd buy his tractors with. 811: With crawfish. #1 {X} # Man: #2 {X} # 811: #1 It # Man: #2 Then # he bought a new tractor. {NW} 811: I know a few years ago, they had rented some of them tractors, I don't know how much they was paying him But they got good crawfish country back there. That's across that uh that {D: ninety} uh they call it Chataignier Interviewer: Chataignier 811: Yeah. Interviewer: The #1 town # 811: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Chataignier 811: Well, yeah it's it ain't much of a town, it's up near this Bellevue You run through it and you never know you did. {NS} And uh {NS} I don't know that- what they did, they had a bad one of this one. I don't know what they Interviewer: Um now tell me about your could you tell me about your mother and father? In other words, we- were they born here? 811: Uh yeah they both uh Let's see. I don't know exactly what house but they both was born I don't know. My grandparents, too. {NS} they was b- uh Fa- let's see, on my mama's {NS} oh yeah {NS} my uh daddy's momma she was born uh in the {X} parish. That would mean she was born {X} local. You know, r- round Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 811: And uh {NS} my mother's momma, she was born uh {NS} round Church Point, too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Okay. {NS} #1 What # 811: #2 And # And I don't I can't tell you about my two grandpas, I- cause I don't remember for sure. Interviewer: Okay. Did you know him? In other words, were they living when you 811: Mm-hmm. I knew uh well uh all except one. My daddy's dad, I didn't know him. But the rest of 'em I I knew. {NS} I don't ever remember seeing him. I think he might've died before I was born. But uh my two grandmothers and my mama's daddy, I knew them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} Now, your father was born {NS} 811: Yeah. Interviewer: born here? 811: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: On this place? 811: Uh let's see. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: Yeah. Interviewer: You call this wha- do you have a name rou- this around here or you just call it Church Point? 811: Church Point. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 811: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: How did your mother and father meet? 811: Oh {NW} that's the sixty-four thousand dollar question, now. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Your father farmed, too? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Did he know French? 811: Mm-mm. But uh Interviewer: Is that so? 811: He didn't talk French but uh he understood a little bit. My mother didn't talk French. And none of my grandparents did. {NS} Cause uh no, none of 'em did. Interviewer: How many children, mr Mennings? Do you mind me asking? 811: Only five. Interviewer: That sounds- 811: Two boys and uh three girls. {NS} Interviewer: You- were you the 811: I'm the next to the oldest. I've uh got a brother older than me. We're two years apart well all of us is two years apart. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: {D: Oh, he lived} Interviewer: In Texas. 811: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Where? 811: Uh {X} Uh that would be {NW} I guess {NS} would be west uh of Beaumont. Yeah I guess about eighteen miles west of Beaumont. Interviewer: On ninety? Yeah. 811: Uh, well we usually go uh on the interstate. And we get off and come back uh north. We go west on the interstate and then we come back north. Oh about eight, ten miles. There's a little- A little community town, something like Branch, I guess. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And he was on the farm uh he stayed on the farm till uh he got married. He was working for the same fellow I was working for. Only he got married when he went to Texas. {NS} Then he started doing construction work in the county {D: away} {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} Um did did you uh your father farmed, he lived all his life here, right? 811: Yeah. And uh He di- he sharecropped on half and then uh he went on through it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: Had men on half uh {NS} The boss would furnish the mules. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh the team of there were no tractors then, we just had mules. He would furnish the mules. Interviewer: Team of? 811: Yeah. And uh Interviewer: And he had wha- had what did- what did he use to work with? 811: Well, was m- was mules and uh and plows. You ha- uh {NS} the boss would furnish uh the mules, the feed, {X} the corn, too. {NS} And uh he would fill half of the seed. So uh if uh he had to buy two hundred dollar worth of seed. {NS} When my dad had to pay a hundred dollar, then he payed a hundred dollars. {NS} And uh okay and when the crop was gathered up, um {NS} all the boss would do was take his {NS} the hundred dollars that he wanted for the seed {NS} and then he would get half whatever he made. {NS} And then uh {NW} it got so uh {NW} everybody trying to better theirself a little bit there. {NS} He went on and bought himself a pair of mules. Okay that many he was on {X} He uh had to furnish all his feed for the mules and stuff. {NS} And uh {NS} the boss {NS} would pair one third of the seed {NS} one- yeah, let's see yeah one third cause he was on to it, and he had to pay the rest. And that meant when he sold his crop, the boss would get one and he would get three. {NS} Would get two. {X} on half. {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} Um {NS} we were talking about the house, okay, can you- now tell me- can you tell me about the rest of the house? What about the top of the house, what was that- 811: Uh most of 'em had uh shingles {NS} uh these uh wooden shingles. Some of 'em had tin. There were very few of 'em had them wooden shingles they would've had uh most of 'em had tin on 'em. {NS} Interviewer: Tin. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Would it ever catch on fire, did you ever see the {NS} 811: It very seldom every now and then, you'd hear talk of one would burn down. But as I grew older, and they got these up-to-date houses, I seen more fire then then I ever did. Cause in that time I don't remember nobody's house burning from the time I was about Interviewer: What would- what would cause 'em to burn? 811: Neglect I- I imagine. That's the only thing I can see. They'd uh go off and leave stuff on the fire. {NS} Or Interviewer: Cinders might come out and land on the 811: Uh yeah and then every now and then with them uh uh {NS} tin roofs you would get uh where your fire would start coming out on the top of the chimney or something. You know, it would start flying out, it'll fall on the roof. {NS} Every now and then, maybe one or two {NS} in about every ten years you would hear of burning Interviewer: Yeah. 811: like that. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: But it's very seldom you would {X} but from the time I was about six {NS} until I was about fifteen, I don't remember you hadn't had a house that burnt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: You know, one of these old wood- dirt houses or wood-frame houses from the olden time. But from the time I was about fifteen, when they started having electric lights natural gas and stuff like that. Butane. We started hearing of houses burning. Every now and then you hear somebody say well so-and-so's house burnt. What happened? I don't know. And I know some particular people, and I don't know what happened but it burnt in about three houses. They were living in town, we were living out in the country, and we was going to school, we'd hear the fire truck burn that hap- went about it had- it was in about five years' time. They burn about three houses. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} 811: {NW} Interviewer: Now {NS} did the window the things you'd have to pull down to shut out light, 811: You didn't have nothing to pull to shut out a light. Interviewer: Well you know, when you had glass wind- when you got glass. 811: Oh, uh when the yeah, when they come up to glass windows, uh Interviewer: You get 811: What you ha- had to do is make you some curtains. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Some of 'em every now and then would Interviewer: Or did you see the ones that would be on rollers, you know? And they'd come to how you just pull 'em down? {NS} 811: We never did have nothing like that. Uh #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: we had us s- something like that, we'd take a stick Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: and put- with some heavy you know, heavy material. And just take 'em and close 'em with our hand. Open 'em and close 'em. {NS} And what mostly it was was uh they had some um fertilizer sacks or we'd buy fertilizer. When we was {NW} {NW} there was some white sacks. {NS} {X} take 'em and we'd undo 'em uh {NS} and why when after you undo 'em there's a good size. And poor momma would take 'em and kindly bleach 'em and get us some dye. {NS} And she would dye 'em the- Interviewer: Yeah. 811: the color she wanted 'em. And our underclothes, that's what we'd made our underclothes out of these fertilizer sacks. {NS} Interviewer: What were they made out of? They were 811: Uh {NS} whatever this uh shoot. {NS} Interviewer: Were they cotton? {NS} 811: Ye- uh they had cotton in it, but it was rough. {NW} It was- {X} never did have too much cotton, did it? {NW} I just know it was kind of rough. I don't know what it was, but it was rough. {NW} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # good {X} 811: It'd take many a washing before you would get that and then we had to make our own soup. Me and my poor grandma used to get out there and make soup. {NS} We had to go to town she'd send me to town at they had a {NS} a sack one of these old fertilizer sacks and she had cut me a hole right in the middle of it, she had sewed the top and the bottom up cut me a hole, I'd go to town {NS} and get some scraps. {D: Then we did} cut all the meat off it and I get my sack full, and I'd throw it across my shoulder. Have half of it in the front, and half in the back. I had about three miles to go {NS} we get back with that- Interviewer: And you didn't have a car, you had to I mean, you didn't ride a horse, you had to 811: We didn't have no horse. {NS} It was a fu- {NS} That's what- that's when we was working on half. Interviewer: Put that sack over your back 811: And go where I had to go. {NS} And I would get about uh {NS} three box of {X} {NS} {D: that I had in a paper bag.} {NS} And we'd come back and get us a washcloth {NS} and uh {NS} put them bones and stuff in there and start a fire. And uh we put all these old bones in there. {D: When there'd be a little meat} instead of 'em feeding three box of {X} and pour in there. And that stuff would get hot. It would eat all the little bit of meat and stuff they had on them bones. And then we'd take the bones and throw 'em away. And you'd let it cook for so long, and then you'd just take it off the fire. When you get through, you'd have your soap. Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} 811: {NW} Interviewer: And on Monday, your mother would your grandmother would do the is it Monday when she'd do all the {NS} clothes and stuff? What would she use the soap for? 811: White washing clothes and dishes. Scrub- cleaning the house. She'd take that lye soap and get down there with a scrubbing brush. And then you had uh like when the clothes would get dirty you had to boil them. Take 'em and put 'em in a wash pot outside and boil 'em. {NS} Interviewer: She have a day usually when she'd do that? 811: Huh? Interviewer: Did she have a certain day of the week? 811: Uh yeah was mos- something like on Mondays. Interviewer: Like on Monday. 811: Or either- well, her boy had to work in the field then. If it was a good day on Monday where we- you know where the work was pushing where we had to get out there and work. Well she just going and- and do it late on Monday afternoon when she'd get out there and uh and start and it'd be way in the night before she finished. And it was the kid's mother and everything {X} {NS} Interviewer: And then the next day she'd do the? {NS} 811: Oh, whatever she had left, she'd finish. uh Interviewer: #1 For the ironing? # 811: #2 It'd be that # morning. Interviewer: She do any ironing? 811: Oh, there wasn't no ironing back then. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Very, very seldom. And for irons we had these uh irons, you'd take 'em and heat 'em on the stove. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # {NS} Um {NS} now {NS} a room up under the top of a house would be a what? You've seen those? 811: Mm. no. {NS} Interviewer: Um well, you know, you said you had you had rafters in your house? 811: Oh yeah, you had uh {NS} It was uh you know, like this house here, they got uh you know a ceiling thing. Interviewer: Yeah, what do you got up there? You got a? 811: But uh the other was you didn't have nothing up there, all you had was your two-by-fours going across. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: And then your rafters would go up. You didn't have nothing to stop the heat or the with just your rafters and stuff up there. {NS} And most of 'em was high, you know there's mo- they'd build high. {NS} Then you would have- {NS} for water, we had a cistern. Interviewer: How'd you get water in the cistern? 811: Well, what you gotta do is put some gutters on your house. Whenever it would rain, put gutters around the house. {NS} I'll never forget one time {NS} {D: It was nearly December} and the mosquitos was bad {NS} yeah and they had a little old young mule that'd keep running around the house, running around the house, running around the house, kept running. And the old cistern had a tin top, and some kinda way he come running and jumped in that cistern. {NS} Interviewer: Jumped in the what? 811: In the cistern. {NS} {NW} {NW} And they didn't have much water, either. We already- we had to tow the water for about a half a mile. When it'd it didn't rain and that old mule done jumped in that cistern. The next one, we heard him hollering at that wasn't {X} type of lantern, you know {X} {NW} by the way, that old mule died in there, boy that thing was about eight feet deep. {NS} The damn next morning I had to go out there and get all kind of pulleys and stuff the the highest amount in there. Interviewer: A- a beaver? 811: A- a mule. Interviewer: Oh, a mule. {NW} 811: {X} go out of there. And then we- co- Interviewer: {NW} 811: couldn't drink it. I know {D: the cistern was out} for six month. {NS} What they had to do was get down in there and clean the bottom out and then they put some more bricks. {D: Cause in a bath, that mud it'd come a flood} {NS} We had some water. {NS} It was hard times then. {NS} Why, we said it was hard time, we was everybody had plenty to eat. {NS} But you know, you compare it to now, it was hard times. {NS} But everybody was much more happier then, now I tell you. {NS} You didn't have many people with bad eyes. We had these old {NS} lamps and then you didn't have to worry too much about the mosquitoes. you had bad {X} the smoke so {NW} It'd smoke up the house. {NW} {NS} And uh very seldom you had people having heart attacks, ulcers, and all that stuff. We'd make most of that stuff out of grease. We'd plant peas and all kind of stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: Very seldom we'd go to the store for Interviewer: Um the room that you would cook in uh would be the 811: The kitchen. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Was it in the house? 811: Yeah. {NS} And it was the most tiny I had, but maybe two rooms. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Cause I remember th- one of the houses we- that's where we slept, in the kitchen. Interviewer: Yeah. But now y- this here room you call your? This is your? 811: This is the uh the living room. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Your living room, right? Okay. # 811: #2 {X} {NW} # Interviewer: I mean, well things have changed a lot. This is a fine house you have. 811: Thank you. Interviewer: Um {NS} the uh okay you'd sleep in the what? Do you have a- a room you would sleep- what {NS} 811: Well Interviewer: #1 room where you could sleep. # 811: #2 Most of the time yo- # you had maybe two rooms Interviewer: Okay. 811: with the kitchen, and a bedroom. And the parents would sleep in the bedroom, and the kids would sleep in the kitchen. {NS} We had a little ol' cot or something, you know {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: that {NS} we'd make our own mattress. {NS} Interviewer: If you didn't have a bed, they'd make a what? Make a, just a? {NS} 811: Well, most of 'em would uh {NS} you'd make uh a stand on the side of the wall and put you a some boards and stuff. {NS} Then put you some mattress on top of it. {NS} Interviewer: What did you make a mattress out of? 811: Wha- with cotton. We used to make our own quilts. {NS} But uh let's say for cotton what we would do is take it {NS} uh {NS} when we would go to the cotton gin well before that we'd take the seeds and take your time and pull all the seeds out of there. {NS} And then you'd take that cotton and you'd fluff it up. {NS} And you'd go ahead and you'd make your mattress. {NS} But then they uh they started when you could get it from the gin. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 811: #2 The # the gin would de-seed it, and it would fluff it up you know, much much better. {NS} And you could uh {NS} go ahead and make you your mattress, your pillows. Now for quilts, well, you should buy cotton. Go to the store and buy this uh roll of cotton. And uh you take all kind of little old scrap pieces and sew 'em together, like during the winter we didn't have nothing to do, me and my grandma and my momma would get together. And would sew all them little piece together. {NS} One side you'd have all different colors on your quilt, and the other side was solid. And we'd sew all them little old different pieces together. {NS} And get one side solid {NS} and when I got married, my grandmother gave you a quilt. You and Sarah, I think. Child: {X} she gave me 811: Uh-huh. Child: {X} quilt. 811: Yeah, so every time I had one of the kids was born, they would make 'em a quilt. {NS} Interviewer: That's an art. It really is, to be to- to you oughta appreciate that cause your grand- grandmother, if she can do that, she's quite a good sewer. Cause there's 811: And I used to love to do all- to sew like that uh for doing fancy work, I'd come out first place at school, Interviewer: Yeah. 811: When I was in school, and then I just quit and I I was supposed to show the kids how to do it, but I {NS} {NW} get doing so many other things, I forgot. And I tried it to get back then I never could do it. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} {NW} {NS} There's a- there's a f- a football player that was from down around where I'm from. Big guy, he played for the Rams. His name was Roosevelt Grier. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: He does- he does crochet. 811: Yeah, I seen him doing that on a commercial. On TV. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah, he's- he's good. 811: Mm. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh and he played football. {NS} Big fella. {NS} Big, tough guy. Um well a room up under the top of the house do you have- you have one of them in this house? {NS} Uh-uh. {NS} No. Wait a minute. Uh we just go- what do you call that? {NS} Man: Attic. 811: Yeah. {NS} Man: And sometimes it was for the insulation. 811: Yeah. We got one. Yeah we got one, but it's Interviewer: Got a 811: insulation all over it. Yeah. Interviewer: Um okay now a room maybe off of the kitchen where you kept your where they would keep dishes or extra food or 811: Well you would call that a storeroom. You know the little storeroom where you could cause what ya a most ho- most of the houses had 'em. {NW} They had their little storeroom cause what your i.e., that little outdoor house and they- they had it off {NS} cause your when you make your bacon and stuff, you have to have a house to put it in. All your canned goods. Your blackberries and your whatever you would can. Your peas and all that stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: They had a little house outside but {NW} you got you a good lock on it. {X} But people weren't bad as they- as they did, now for taking stuff like that. Every now and then when it was when it was really bad {X} Interviewer: {X} 811: it was people who had watermelons and corn. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: You'd have people Interviewer: Y'all raise them here? 811: Now what? Interviewer: Watermelons. 811: Oh yes. Interviewer: What kind did you raise? 811: Uh we had these uh striped ones. One year we planted some of them yellow bellies. And we really- Interviewer: Are they kind of yellow #1 inside? # 811: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Are they good? 811: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I've never # seen one. They're sweet, aren't they? 811: Yeah, they sweet. And we plant squash and we'd can all the eggplants. Interviewer: Do you ever let squash dry? Do you ever let- squash dry? 811: #1 Y- ye- # Interviewer: #2 You have a name for it? # 811: Uh {NS} It'd been so long ago, I remember we used to have planted {X} and all that stuff. Interviewer: {X} you know 811: Uh-huh. And we're uh well if you want to save the seeds, you would let 'em dry. {X} Mom made a phone call? Child: Uh-uh. 811: Better go ask her if she made it. {NS} Child: You want some water? 811: Yeah, bring me a little thing. Do you care for a glass of water, #1 coffee? # Interviewer: #2 No, # no thank you. No, I'm fine. {NS} 811: And stuff like that it would {NS} {D: where you make your own sauce, it} You'll make {X} Interviewer: Hmm? 811: {X} Interviewer: {X} What's that? 811: Uh you take a we're not talking about something good. Interviewer: All right. Tell me, what was that again? 811: You take a like you kill a hog Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: and you had these big guts. You take 'em and you wash 'em good. You take 'em and you hang 'em on a fence about for four or five days. And let it dry. Then you smoke it. Interviewer: Have you had any of this yet, Roger? 811: Uh yeah you ate some. You remember the first time I came out the house been when I I made that okra. When I went and boiled that. Man: {NW} I don't know, I don't remember. Child: {X} 811: {NW} {NW} That's some good eating. Interviewer: Now I didn't even know what it was you you told me. I didn't he- you- you said something, I couldn't hear what it was. 811: You take a like this big uh you ever seen 'em kill a hog? Interviewer: Oh yeah. 811: They got these big, big, big guts. Interviewer: Yeah. What do you call them, the 811: Um I don't know what you'd call 'em. Interviewer: Hmm. 811: There were the big guts. Interviewer: And you let 'em dry? 811: You take 'em and you hang 'em out there. You wash 'em good. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: You hang 'em up somewhere where they can dry. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Then you smoke 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: And you set it up. Interviewer: You mean dry, or you mean dry dry? 811: Well, uh but I mean Interviewer: Dry like needle dry. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Like you would do bacon. Uh you smoke a little bit of drying bacon. Interviewer: Okay. Seems like to me you wash it out and if you put it out to dry, it would get- the meat would get uh in other words, it would go bad. It would get 811: Yeah that- then what you do, you season it, you see? You put your pepper and salt and everything on it, you hang it but you hang it somewhere in the shade. Like in your {D: smolder after some} And after it'd drip out good, then you salt it. You well season it. Interviewer: Now what do you call this dish? 811: Huh? A tasso. {NS} Interviewer: A tasso? 811: Tasso. {NS} Interviewer: Tasso. {NS} 811: {X} A tasso is uh #1 you kno- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: Yeah. Interviewer: A tasso. 811: Tasso, that that- you use the- you make that out of beef meat. Interviewer: Okay. What's {X} 811: Well that's that hog gut I was thinking about. And this tasso {NS} that's beef meat. {NS} You cut it in strips and you uh {NS} you smoke it. {NS} And um {NS} you take it and you s- smoke this stuff uh {NS} Oh you gotta smoke it slow and long. {NW} Then you season it hard. You put plenty pepper and salt on it. And {D: you put that in the okra gumbo.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: What part of the meat was it? 811: Well, you just take uh any lean part of the meat {NS} You can buy it every now and then now. Uh the store in town, they might have some. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: It just like if you take a chicken or something and smoke it. {NS} And the smoke taste if you put it in peas or something. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} now what would you call a lot of things- useless things, you know, that you just kept around the farm? They weren't any good. Worthless, and you were just about to throw 'em away, but you always kept 'em. You ever have- have all that stuff? {NS} 811: Yeah, as they was going out of style, people would get rid of 'em. You'd think uh {NW} like old uh {X} planters old cotton planters. I remember we had one at Thanksgiving that's trouble. Poor Daddy went and bought a brand new one, it was seventy seventy-eight dollars. And in that time, seventy-eight dollars a whole lot of money. That's like three hundred dollars today. And we went {X} he we- he never would get rid of that old one. We just kept it. We'd pile it up out there for junk. Old pliers. Interviewer: Where'd you keep it? 811: We'd just take it and throw it on side the barn. Outside where well like the planters and stuff like that, we'd keep 'em indoors. But they were so expensive. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: That's just like something today, you know, like when you'd go buy a piece of equipment. If you gonna pay ten thousand dollars for it, you gonna kind of keep it- keep it indoors, you know where it's going. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 811: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um now your mother, around the house she would do all the? Yo- when your mother was sweeping, you'd say she was? 811: Well, she was sweeping. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And we'd make our own brooms. We- we had 'em made, we'd plant uh broom straw seed. Make our own brooms. Plant our peanuts. Uh they had some other kind of things they called {X} You'd make candy with it. You put it with peanuts. And uh {D: they would refer- what did we choose uh} something like uh we plant the broom straw seed and all we had to do was furnish the handle, and they charge something like I believe it was thirty-five cent a broom. They make 'em. And every year we'd make about ten fifty. Interviewer: Um now uh how would you get from the first floor to the second floor in a two-story house? You ever been in a house you know, that would have two stories? 811: Mm. #1 I've s- # Interviewer: #2 You've # seen 'em around here? 811: Yeah. Do- your stairs are like doors. You had to come like, outside and get on the porch there's very few of 'em ou- Interviewer: We were talking about the the stairs 811: Yeah. Um most of 'em was outdoors, you- you'd come like um well, you didn't have to exactly get outside, but you had to get out the house. Let's see, you would come out the front door, and uh as you would come out, you'd just {D: tell him to sit on the porch} you know. And you go up the stairs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um {NS} did you- did you ever see any on the inside? You know, they'd have a #1 on the inside of the house, # 811: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 they'd have a what? # 811: #2 Mm-hmm. # Uh they got wi- old house over there, old abandoned house they got uh one with the stairs inside. Interviewer: Yeah. Um {NS} now- okay. At the back, say when you walked out of the back door, did you ever see a house that would have a kitchen off of it? So, the kitchen would be off the house, or- Man: Or uh 811: #1 Mm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Say out back, the- you'd walk out on the what? Out- outside of the back of your house, you might've had a? 811: Well, they'd usually have a little ol' screen porch or {NS} on the later model, you know #1 usually # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 811: have a little porch or something. Interviewer: Would it be covered? 811: Yeah. Oh, you di- it was your- your porch or either your storage room. You had a little porch back there, but most of 'em was storage rooms. Like I was telling you, where you put all your canned goods. {NS} And uh Interviewer: Huh? 811: like- well, and all your preserves and stuff like wha- what you'd can, you know. Interviewer: Jams and 811: Yeah. Make all your jelly and and then, you had a other little off house for your- for your meats. Cause your- you had these big jars where you would salt your meat. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Like your bacon and stuff, or Interviewer: Put it in a jar? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 Well, yeah. # You ever seen one? Interviewer: Well, I- I'll get you to me then, if you don't mind. 811: It's a- a ten-gallon jar. Interviewer: You kill hogs? 811: Huh? Interviewer: You kill a hog in here? 811: Yeah, they uh they killed one once, about three, four weeks ago. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: And um what you do, you you take it and you make you a put your salt, your pepper. If you put it in there, you put your salt and pepper over it, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: {NW} That gallon uh jar would hold about ten gallons. And they had some twelve gallon, some twenty gallon, whatever you wanted. But most people with big family, you know bigger their family was, bigger the jars they had. And uh you salt it {D: as you going} when you get through, you pour you some water in it. Interviewer: What was it made out of? 811: Huh? Interviewer: The jar. 811: Um Man: Kinda clear, something like- 811: yeah, it uh something like what you call a crock- crock jar. Interviewer: Crock. Okay. {NS} 811: You'd get through you you get you a rag, and you tie on top of it to keep the flies off. {X} And then you take it and put it in your little house. {NS} And that meat would keep there for the longest. You didn't have to worry about it spoiling or nothing cause it wasn't gonna spoil in that salt and pepper. {NS} Interviewer: The meat never got never got- 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: never got spoiled? 811: Now if you didn't do it right, you would lose it. It went rancid. Cause a bunch of people lose some if you some of them young people that knew- thought they knew how to do it, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: But usually wouldn't happen like that with us, it was always you know, one of the old ones {D: that would do it- had- had been at doing it.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: And I never known us to lose nothing. Interviewer: The meat around the bone, too, usually the- 811: Yeah. Interviewer: that shoulder or something like that. Um okay now you mentioned a- would anyone call a porch a gallery? Or any- #1 {X} # 811: #2 Yeah. # And they'd say a gallery the- the older ones the older ones down here, most of 'em would say a gallery. You know the- the French people. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: The ones that really talk French. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Cause they they always said things {D: backwards} to the {NW} to the people that {NS} that just talk English, you know they Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And if they tell you something, the- they'll tell it to you halfway {D: backwards} and you got to know know 'em pretty good, you know, to know what they they saying. {NS} Interviewer: Did uh did any your- uh let me ask you this. Did any of your family speak French? Like your father? 811: Mm-mm. They understood it a little bit, but none of 'em talked it. Interviewer: Okay your grandparents or your grandmother? 811: Mm-mm. Interviewer: What'd she call- where'd she get that dish {X} from? 811: Well, that was in that time the- everybody was you know that was just uh Interviewer: Okay. 811: everybody that survived, you know? To keep you know Interviewer: That's an interesting dish. It may be French. I don't know- I don't know where it came from, but 811: Well yeah, you can buy it uh {NS} it's got to be a old store, though. Where you would buy- now they might have some in Church Point, I ain't sure. Interviewer: {X} huh? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you ever eat the little intestines? 811: Yeah, you'd use that to make boudin. Interviewer: #1 Boudin. # 811: #2 That's how I say it. # Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. You ever- do you know what chitterlings are? 811: Ye- uh yeah. Interviewer: Wha- 811: That- that was the little guts so the ones you didn't use, you'd take 'em and you'd cut 'em small. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And you could- talk about good with cornbread. Interviewer: And that was- 811: That was chitterling. Interviewer: And you've eaten them? 811: {X} {NW} I didn't eat {X} Man: Some hog head cheese. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah, you made what? From the ho- head of the hog, you made? 811: Hog head cheese. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} What about- would you ever take the liver and grind it up? Did you make a dish outta that? {NS} 811: Uh Interviewer: Wi- after you cooked it? {NS} 811: Mm. Let me see. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the blood of the hog for anything? 811: Yeah. Make red boudin. Interviewer: Red boudin. Man: Blood pudding. 811: Yeah. Well, it was the same thing. {NS} You had your white boudin, your red one. And what you have to do is uh whe- as soon as you stab the hog, you had to go there with a {NS} uh with a pan. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: And you'd catch it. And you keep {X} it running in there, and then you get you some salt and put salt instead cause it's gonna clabber if you don't do that. Interviewer: You stabbed him with a? 811: With a knife. Interviewer: Big ol' knife? {NS} 811: Uh it don't necessarily have to be that big, long as it's pointed and you can hit his heart. You stab him on the left side. {NS} Right down there. And if you {X} very, very seldom you gonna miss his heart. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. Um {NS} about the house, what would you call the boards on the outside of the house that would lap over? {NS} That was a you know, on the outside of the house they'd make 'em so they would have one board going down the side of the house, and then another board would lap over that. That was called? {NS} 811: I don't know too much about #1 {D: two little} # Interviewer: #2 What # what was your house what were the houses you- you lived in made out of? 811: Uh Interviewer: What'd they have on the s- outside of the 811: #1 The- # Interviewer: #2 house? # 811: {D: That weather boarding uh} no, they had brick paper. Let me see. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Yeah. Brick paper. Interviewer: Okay. 811: And baked siding. It is something like they got on that house over there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: But it was gray. Interviewer: Right. And uh now you have a- a house had an L on the house, say. And when the two come together, would be a there would be a place where, you know, come together. What was that called, a? 811: Mm. Interviewer: You ever see that? You know, when you had a house, and an L on the house? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh and the- the uh the two would come together and and the water would run together, and that was a? It'd be a little p- piece of tin there or something. 811: Yeah. But I don't know what would you call it. Interviewer: Uh okay. {NS} Now, did you have a you said you stored your wood out in the uh 811: Well, you usually had a a wood pile outside. Interviewer: Okay. 811: But you had you a wood box in the house. Like if you'd get three or four rainy days, well, we uh- we just had our time to cut wood. Uh either one would cut wood, one would do something else. {NW} {NW} And if you know there uh by that time when we got big enough that we had a radio, it'd work with a battery, and then they said they had a cold front or something coming for a day or so. You'd better get out there and cut you enough wood to fill up your box. Interviewer: {X} 811: Cause if you wait till late, you was in trouble. And then if it would stay froze, I remember one time it stayed froze for what? Nine days. And uh we couldn't go in the woods to get no wood. Cause the branches tha- that snowed and that and they had a bunch of ice. The branches was falling off the trees. And then, and if you would go walk in the woods, they could fall on you and kill you. So what we had to do was go on the edge of the woods {NS} and bring some back on our shoulders. {NS} {D: We'd run in lower wood} {NS} Of course that- we had had a bunch of trees and the branches would fall out the trees in the yard, and that helped us out some. But it was green. {NS} And that green, wet wood just wasn't going. {NS} When we got a chance, we went out there and got us some dry wood. {NS} Interviewer: And you did have indoor uh plumbing? 811: Huh? Uh {NW} Interviewer: You had a what? 811: You had a cistern. Interviewer: Okay, and then 811: {NW} Interviewer: What'd you call an outdoor toilet? 811: Well, I don- yeah, toilet. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Joking words for it, you know? They call it the? The other words they'd have? 811: Uh Man: Little outhouse. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Yeah, most time it was a toilet, though. Interviewer: You don- do you ever hear talking about a commode? 811: Why, that come out Interviewer: Or a 811: when they came out with the ones in the house. Interviewer: Yeah. Well, they might call it a a privy or something like that? Okay. Now that's w- cuz we had one up in the house where I was at. That's what we called ours. Um what about um mr {B} what about other buildings on the farm? Uh, you mentioned the barn. What'd you use that for? 811: Well {NS} most uh farmers now you talking about uh like now? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: Well, mo- most farmers today, they uh uh like on this farm, they uh they uh {NS} they go on with rice, beans, and cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 811: So what this big ol' barn back here was used for cattle. {NS} And then {NS} #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 that he keeps the cattle in? # You know. 811: Well, they can go and come in the barn like they want. Uh {NS} You've got about a hundred {NS} about a hundred and twenty head, I guess. And you got this big barn with some hay rice. {NS} Uh now if it's freezing cold, raining, what we do, we go put hay and the hay rice in the barn. And uh {NS} let 'em {NS} eat out of the water. But if the water's not any good, {NS} we've got some of these big ol' round barrels, I don't know if you ever did see 'em. {NS} Interviewer: Mm. 811: And we'd take 'em and just put 'em out there where they can eat outdoors. Interviewer: How do you carry those things? My goodness. 811: Uh, we got a fork. Uh all you do, you'd put it on back of a tractor and you'd back up to it and it works on a lift. They got one of the dealers supposed to bring two. {NS} But I don't know how you gonna- how that's gonna work #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They weigh a ton a piece, # don't they? 811: Uh fifteen hundred pound, most of 'em. Interviewer: Pretty big. {NS} When you when you used to raise hay in the old days, tell me how y'all would cut it. Did you cut it? Did you ever cut it back in the 811: Yeah we uh- you but uh this fellow here, he never well, after I started working for him, he used to cut a whole lotta hay. Then we start building rice straw. {NS} We're going back of the combines, so you have the combines cut the rice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: They would leave a row of straw. And we'd just go behind and press that. And it got so bad on the last well, you couldn't get nobody to haul it. You had to almost get on your hands and knees and beg people to haul it, you know? Um then we was- I was running the crew and {NW} this fellow had his truck, he was charging fifteen cent a bale. {NS} {X} And uh they usually would put out about a thousand bales a day, you know, if it go good. {NS} And uh Interviewer: That's a hun- that's a hundred fifty dollars a day. 811: Yeah. {NS} And he uh he had these fellows hauling and what I would do, they had a tractor and a wagon, I'd let him use that, too. {NS} And he was making headway like that cause he wasn't wearing and tearing his truck. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Why- # 811: #2 {X} # with uh with his own truck, you see. #1 And you had # Interviewer: #2 Why's # they char- why do they charge you so much to haul hay? 811: Why, that was cheap. I- I tell you right now, i- in Texas, they- they pay up to forty-five, fifty cent a bale {D: others didn't have a fork, you had to haul it.} Interviewer: Where were you hauling it to? 811: Well, I was hauling it like out of this field right here? {NS} {X} {NS} Interviewer: Oh, I see. 811: Now, if they had to get at Interviewer: #1 Oh, I see. # 811: #2 {X} # Interviewer: been outta the state. {NS} 811: Texas. Interviewer: Okay. 811: I always did love to travel. {NW} They forgot to {X} {NS} I tell you my wife the other day we {NS} always doing all work and no play, and I believe her. {NW} Then we had a doctor talking like I not- might not be able to work for another three years. So, I don't know how much ch- chance we gonna get to travel. {NS} While I'm not working, you know, be kind of bad. {NS} Never could save up enough money. {NW} {X} take a trip. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} so you bale rice straw? 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And that was just about as good as hay? 811: I-I would uh I went out well tha- that's my job I wa- take care of rice and the cattle. I bale the hay. {NW} And we had a a farm out there in Jeff Davis parish by Jennings. And I went out there and baled some grass hay. Baled about a hundred bales, and they're big bales. And we was feeding that to 'em and I don't know- something came up {NS} well, I carried some rice straw out there. You know, they start eating that rice straw they didn't want to go back to they grass hay? Now if you're feeding 'em grass hay, I don't know what it is about that rice straw, seem like it got more protein or something in it. I don't know what it is, but they much rather that- they do that that grass hay. That grass hay, if you don't bale it just right, it got a tendency to sour. You know, if it's kinda green and if they eat it, sometimes it make 'em sick. But that old rice straw, it starts smell like the dickens, like that rotten. And they get out there and eat it, it won't do 'em nothing. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} now {NS} when you {NS} when too much hay where would you stack- put your hay in the barn? 811: Uh we'd stack that upstairs, in the barn. Like uh, this barn back here, we can put about twenty-seven hundred bales in it. Small bales. Interviewer: Hmm. 811: And these big bales, uh the idea it is you don't put it in no shade. You take it and uh stack it outdoors, but you gotta put a fence around it. You- you don't stack it close together, so when it rain you stack it on a hill. {NW} Interviewer: What kind of fence? 811: Well, put barbed wire fence, about six wires six, seven wires {X} Interviewer: Around it? #1 Why? # 811: #2 Yeah. # Cause once the cows they get in there, {NS} you got all kind of trouble to keep 'em out. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 811: We got one back there, we put a four wire fence they got there. {NW} Shit, we put wires, put wires {X} they got about seven wires on there, finally keep 'em out now. #1 And there was a # Man: #2 {D: Sometimes} # {NS} as long as they ain't hungry. 811: They'll jump push and get in there. And you stack and you space it about a foot apart. You know, so the- whenever it rain the water just roll off it. And the only thing, you kind of lose it on the bottom you lose about that much on your bale. The top part they do the water just rolls off it and the Interviewer: Hmm. 811: #1 And the # Interviewer: #2 Back # in the old days, when they cut it, you used to? When they cut it out the field, they'd rake it into what? 811: Uh Interviewer: Did you ever- 811: uh yeah you rake it i- in uh windrows. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Rake yo- your hay. {NS} Or you press to pick it up. Interviewer: Yeah. Did they- would they ever leave it out in the field? You know what out there? They'd make a? 811: Oh, they'd make a haystack. Now back before the in the old, old time. They didn't bale. They uh made haystacks. {NS} They uh took a wagon what they do, they go out on the {NS} was nothing but highland farmers, mostly. Then they needed some uh Had one or two uh milk cows and they mules. They take a long stick. uh old tree or something a small one, about this size, {NS} And they would cut it oh about {NS} ten, twelve feet high {NS} that's a- about fifteen feet. {NS} And they'd take a {D: post over there and} put it about three feet in the ground. Three or four feet in the ground. And they go out on the- on the headlands {D: on their torn rows where they were torn, you know?} And they always had quite a bit of grass, and they would cut it. Go along there they had a a mowing machine. {NS} they would cut it. {NS} They would come back and uh The had what you'd call a- a mule rig. And it was a thing with a bunch of forks. And you would let it down, and you would go and it just would pass it, rake it up when you would get it get it full. {NS} {D: You had to put but your} match on it that thing would go up, and it would leave you a pile of hay. When you'd get through, you know, when your hay would dry, about a day or so after, you come back with your wagon. And you load it on your wagon. And you go back where you put that stick in and you start putting it around that stick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: And uh {NS} yes, you'd go {NS} you would just keep throwing it higher and higher. Interviewer: {NW} 811: And by the time you #1 finished it it'd # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 811: be almost to the top of the stick, but by the time it'd settle, it'll be about a half way. So if you just would pull up on the old haystack like that, them old cows would get up under there, some of 'em would have calves or something during the winter. Go in there if you didn't watch it close, it would fall on 'em, you know. They'll eat to the bottom and the thing just would {NW} collapse on 'em and you'd lose a calf or something like that. Sometimes the cow would come out, but you wouldn't see the calf. {NS} But if I put that stick, it uh it would hold the hay up {NS} {X} {NS} Interviewer: What about a building or a part of a building where you would store your corn? 811: Well yo- you had uh oh well wo- you would feed your mules yo- usually had uh let's say if you had four mules, you had uh {NS} uh four stalls, one to put each one of your mules in. {NS} That- see, that would be on the left side uh the left or right side of your barn. You'd put your four mules in there. And then you had your {D: hoer} where you could put your wagon and stuff. And then, let's say if you had your stalls on the left side but on the right side you had your place to put your corn. {NW} And uh {NS} You always had upstairs a little old upstairs there if you wanted to put you some hay. {NS} Mostly what we used that upstairs for was uh like when we start picking cotton, and the cotton would be green, and we couldn't put it in the {D: wind} so we had to put it upstairs and let it dry {NS} until we get a bale. It'd take something like four days to pick a bale, you know, just {D: before it's open} {NS} And you'd go pick it green it would mildew so what we do is just take it and put it upstairs {NS} in the barn. Just let it dry. {NS} Interviewer: Um the place where you kept your corn was the what? the c- corn? 811: Corn crib. {NS} Interviewer: Um did you ever have a place where you would store grain? Or a part of a building? Or anything like that? {NS} 811: Mm. Interviewer: Like rice, they keep that now. What do they dry it in a? 811: Now? Interviewer: Yeah, they got a would you call it a 811: {NW} Interviewer: a granary? You know what- 811: Uh they got uh rice drawers. Uh Interviewer: Rice? 811: Rice drawers. Well, they call 'em bins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: They got these big uh Interviewer: They're mighty bigger than a bin, though. 811: Uh, they might hold about thirty-five hundred barrels, most of 'em. You seen the this big old thing out here #1 when you step out # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah, # yeah, coming in. 811: Yeah. Coming out. Interviewer: Coming out, yeah. 811: Yeah. Well, that's uh that's what you call a rice drawer. {NS} Man: {X} 811: Yeah. Uh, I'd like for you to come out here during the summer, during harvest time. Be glad to take you around and show you how whe- during you know, harvest time, they'd cut? And go through their drawers? #1 That's it # Interviewer: #2 If I'm # here, I'd like to see it I'd- if I'm back in the area. Um now, {NS} what about a place where say, besides the barn, did you ever have a place where you would milk {NS} the cows? 811: Uh most people didn't milk in the barn, cause you always had fleas if you had hogs, boy if you had hogs, you had fleas. {NS} Most people always had a milker right in front of the barn. {NS} Had 'em a little place, you know. {NS} Interviewer: That was a what? 811: Well, it was just outdoors, you know? There are very few people that would milk in the barn. {NS} If uh you was raising {NW} {NS} hogs, then your hogs was going in the barn. {NS} Cause there are very few people that would milk {D: on the barn} Cause you- the hog would make such a mess. And then they'd create fleas and stuff. Well, you had {D: D-Z-T} then. {NS} They uh they won't let you use it, now, but that was good for 'em. You went there and sprayed that, you didn't have no trouble with 'em. But otherwise them fleas would eat you up. Just like ants. They would get on you Interviewer: Yeah. What about where you kept your hogs? {NS} 811: Well, if uh you could most people had 'em a hog pen built on the side. Something pretty big, where they didn't have to feed 'em all year, you know cause uh say if for instance like if you was working on {X} the boss would furnish {D: a place} but he had to furnish his own wire and everything you know, to make his hog pen. And they always make a big pen. So that mean you didn't have to feed your hog. all summer and all winter if you had a little grass and stuff. Interviewer: What kind of fence did they have around it? 811: Uh it was a- a hog wire fence. But you always had to have boards and stuff to the bottom, or they'd root out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: I put rings in their nose. Interviewer: You have a shelter? {NS} 811: Yeah, you had a little old house lay in the middle of their pen out there. Interviewer: Was it floored? 811: No. Interviewer: Like when you wanted to kill a hog, like don't you- don't you do that when you #1 floor the pen? # 811: #2 Yeah. # Well, I got one out there now that's floored, but uh in them time people would kill 'em mostly off the ground. It didn't have to be particular people. I say particular people. People that that could afford it. To build a shed. {NS} And take you a hog it maybe something like a month, and put him on the floor. {NS} And what I mean a floor is uh put him in a pen with a floor and feed him corn. Now that's what they call cleaning him out. And uh Interviewer: Uh where did where did people used to keep their milk and butter before the days of refrigeration? 811: {NW} Well- like us we would we'd make uh {NS} let me see. {NS} If you do, you didn't have to uh most of 'em was clabber cause if it would stick overnight. Then you could take it and put it in a cool place. Like you had a water cistern, you take it and put it in a jug. And let it hang down in the cistern. It would stay fresh like that. And then the later on they Interviewer: What'd be in the top of the jug? 811: Uh well, you Interviewer: They put a- 811: well Interviewer: or they put it down in the water? 811: Yeah, you see, you take a string and tie around the top of it and put you a top on it. Interviewer: What kind of top? {NS} 811: Uh no {X} uh they're like a gallon jug, you know? Interviewer: Oh yeah. 811: And uh and your bottle, you'll take it and put it in uh in a jug or something, your cream. And uh let it hang down in the cistern. And it'd stay cool in that. {NS} Interviewer: What about a- did you ever hear of people they'd be uh near a stream or a {X} they'd take a trough a trough and- and run water through that and keep it cool that way? Okay. 811: Mm. #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Well you get your milk now from a where? From a? {NS} 811: Uh w- we usually buy it, you know Interviewer: It comes from the? 811: Um {NS} from the creamery, I guess. Interviewer: Well, is there a place around here where they where they have cows and they do 811: Yeah. Did that two or three places round here. But what they do, they gotta take it uh {X} and purify it. They got these uh milk dairies, and they milk it, they got a big truck come pick it up. Interviewer: In Appaloosa? 811: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Well I'd say these are just out here, they're what? 811: Uh well now, that's just the farms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: The milk dairies {NS} They uh milk the cows you know, they got they selected milkers and everything. And every morning, this truck come by and pick up a trailer truck he'd back up there and uh they pump all this milk in his truck. And then he'd go to the Pelican Creamery in uh Appaloosa over there in their {NS} Interviewer: Creamery. 811: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Did uh {NS} okay, where would you store your potatoes or your turnips, in the winter? 811: Well, you had a potato house. You had a a house that was uh you had paper all around it something like insulated. {NS} And you'd put your hand down to the bottom and you put 'em in there. {NS} And all over the top of 'em {NS} or like that so- but you might you had to keep it closed so you don't get frostbitten. And when you close your door, you put paper all over the door. Just keep it closed tight. {NS} You would lose some, but very little bit. Like to the bottom that was your seed potatoes, you had that to plant. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: And uh when you would go back in there, you had to pick 'em out again but most of 'em had some sprouts on 'em about that long. Interviewer: Turnips? 811: Uh no uh well, y- we didn't do it with turnips. We did it just with sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Okay. You know what a dairy- do you ever hear of them call a dairy that- that a dairy or anything like that? No? 811: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Around the barn, a place where you let the animals walk, say all the mules and the and the har- and the chickens and the 811: That'd be the barnyard. Interviewer: Was it fenced in? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Um and then where would you let 'em out to graze? 811: Well, you always had a pasture. Interviewer: And was it fenced in? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Now wh- tell me about the type fences you remember round here. 811: Well we uh they had barbed wire fences, you- you had barbed wire and hog wire. {NW} Now, your barbed wire fences was like for your barnyard and stuff. Most people used barbed wire. Cause they didn't have the hog pen and uh and the barnyard together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: And uh they used 'em both. They used barbed wire and hog wire and when they would on they uh hog pen where they would use a that hog {D: pool for 'em.} Interviewer: Uh did you ever see those other type wire those other type fences made outta wood? You ever seen any wooden fences #1 around here? # 811: #2 Ye- # yeah, I've seen 'em usually on uh on yards, they had them picket fences. They used 'em on yards, they didn't uh Interviewer: Was that uh 811: you know, around the houses. Interviewer: Okay, were they nailed? 811: Yeah. And they had some of 'em they had some uh at most four cornered nails. Uh some old, old time nails. Oh and they had these old pew fences, too. Seen quite a few of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: They use that for a barnyard. Interviewer: I was gonna ask you about that. That- those were the kind that were uh 811: #1 Uh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 The wood # went into the- they cut holes in them. 811: Yeah, they notched the uh something like some wood nails. They ha- they had uh quite a few of them, too. Them old pew fences. {NS} Interviewer: Um did you ever see the kinds that went like this? 811: No. Interviewer: They were rail. You know they went- in other words, they'd they'd lay one over the other? Zig-zag, they didn't go straight, they went #1 never {X} # 811: #2 I # I never di- I seen {D: how in a books uh one} but I never did see none you know, personal. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: I'd have been glad to seen one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. And now, when you- you had to dig holes for the 811: For the posts. Interviewer: Yeah. In all the- in all those fences. Um well when you wanted to start a hen laying, what would you use to fool her? You- you know when 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. You kept your, say, your chickens and uh would you ever put anything in the 811: Well, they always Interviewer: in the #1 nest? # 811: #2 most of # the time, they had one or two that's laying. Well, we always- they do is just leave one in the nest. You know, one egg. Interviewer: That would be the? 811: Uh we call that a nest egg. We just leave that one one in there. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Well, what we would do is pick up the eggs every day and we'd always just leave one. Just go pick up and leave one in there and so uh most of 'em would start laying like that. But sometimes they'd go {D: on a spare} like a lot of the Easter and Christmas {X} {NW} They'd do it with holidays, they didn't want to lay at all. {NW} The rest of the time, they would lay good. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. Um {NS} now your wife's b- if- if your wife had a nice tea set, or something like that, she'd say it was her best it was made out of what? Made outta? 811: Oh well, I- I'd put with my Interviewer: A cabinet where they'd- where they'd they'd might have a cabinet where they'd put there best what? 811: Well, {X} their best china. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Did you ever see an egg made outta that? 811: No. Interviewer: Okay. Like something- a kind of an egg that they would put in in a nest, {X} 811: No. Uh. Interviewer: Okay. But that would be a what? That would be a? You'd call it a china egg? 811: I guess you would. Interviewer: Okay. You never saw one? 811: No. Interviewer: Um {NS} what would you {NS} carry water in around here? 811: Well, you mean like now or in the olden time? Interviewer: Yeah. Bu- back in the old times, when you'd get water out of the cistern, say. 811: Oh well most of the time you had a wooden bucket. {NW} Interviewer: How did you get water out of the cistern? 811: Well, what you do is you you had a bucket on a rope. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: And you had a little door, you just open the door and you and you {D: pass you} let your bucket fall in there, then you pull it up. Interviewer: Did you ever see them and they'd have place down at the the cistern would be b- was yours built in the ground? 811: Yeah. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 811: on top of the ground. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 811: Didn't have one of those on top of the ground. You know, on the side of the house. Interviewer: And the water would come out of a what on the si- on the top of the ground? The water would come outta the? 811: You mean the ones that was in Interviewer: The ones that were built up on the top of the ground. 811: Well it- Interviewer: They'd open- there'd be a little thing 811: You got a little faucet. And now, we had one a deep well with one of these long buckets, oh I'm sure you've seen it. {NS} Interviewer: No, tell me about that. 811: It was a bucket about that long. Interviewer: How- how long is that, about 811: Uh about three feet long, I guess #1 that bucket. # Interviewer: #2 Three feet. # 811: {NS} And uh you had a a long rope {NS} and you- you had a rafter built that {D: and this here was your-} your well right there. You had a rafter built on the top of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: And you had a pulley right in the middle of it. {NS} And you had a rope on it. What you do, you let that rope go down. And you'll have to let it go down pretty fast so when that bucket hit, it would go {NS} the water would get in it. And when you get it full, you'd pull it back up, and you pu- {X} you had to have, you had a bucket there. Like your water bucket or whatever. And you had a a little ring on the top of the- a shaft that goes down to the bottom. You take your tub and you'd pull it, and the water would fall out. Interviewer: Was the bucket a big one? #1 I mean was it # 811: #2 It was # about that big around. It would hold about Interviewer: But it was long. 811: Yeah. Would hold about two gallon and a half. Or two gallons. About two gallon at the most. Interviewer: Okay. Um now, what did you carry milk in? When you milked, you milked into a? 811: Yeah, a pot. Or you'd uh or they'd get- they had some little old uh about a gallon and a half bucket, little tin buckets. Interviewer: Okay. Were they big or- or do they w- can you de- what was the- how was it shaped? 811: Uh Interviewer: Would they get wider? 811: To the top, yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 811: And they had uh a handle on it with a little piece of wood, you know. Could even see some of these buckets with uh uh a little old piece of wood about that long. You know, on the handle. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: It was just an ordinary wire handle with this little piece of wood on it. Interviewer: Around your kitchen, mr {B}, you would keep a? Say some kinda bucket around there, or anything that you might carry uh scraps in for the pigs? 811: Uh yeah they usually- what we did is is kept a a bucket that was covered where it wouldn't smell so bad, we could cover it up. Or either had us a five-gallon can outside. Interviewer: That was the what, that was called? 811: The slop barrel. Interviewer: #1 Slop barrel. # 811: #2 You either had you # a fifty-five-gallon drum where you can pour all you dishwater in, and all your scraps. What you would do, you'd take you a sack of bran and put in there. And uh you'd go there, you had your shovel, you would s- go ahead and take your five-gallon can and dip it go put it in your hog troughs. And the bran would swell up, you put a that would last you about three weeks, two or three weeks. We didn't have too many hogs. We had something like three hogs. At a hundred pound, it'd last you about three weeks with all the scraps and stuff from the the kitchen. Interviewer: The bran did what? 811: {X} a hundred pound would last you about three weeks. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: #1 Uh but # Interviewer: #2 {X} # the bran, did it get {NS} 811: It would swell, {NS} you know. {NS} You put it uh in that water, it had a tendency to swell up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well, what did you fry eggs in? Like, you remember your gr- uh your mother or your- you fry eggs now in a? 811: Yeah well we had one of these old uh {X} black skillets well, when I was small. Interviewer: Made outta? 811: Uh well it was uh cast iron. A m- the only yeah, it had to be cast iron. Cause that's what we used to cook cornbread and stuff in. One of these old black pots. Interviewer: Did you ever see the ones that had uh old- the old black that had legs on 'em? 811: Uh some of 'em had legs and the others didn't. You had some flat skillet looking ones. But we had some with legs on 'em, some uh didn't have legs. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now, you boil water in a? In a what? In a? Well, something you'd have on the stove, you know? They'd keep 'em on the stove to boil water in. 811: Oh, a tea kettle. Interviewer: Okay. And uh your your mother might call a container uh we- a container that you might plant some sort of flower in, or keep it in the house? 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 You know, # like a vat or 811: A flower pail. Interviewer: Okay. When- when she got cut flowers she would do what with 'em? She'd put 'em in a? 811: In a jar of water. Interviewer: Okay. Or something that would be made for that. You know, you'd see 'em in a house. That would be called a? 811: Uh a flower pot. Interviewer: Okay. Um 811: {NW} Interviewer: {NS} Now the eating utensils that you would put at each plate when y'all ate. Uh when you when you had dinner. 811: Well, usually she would in them times, they would dish our food out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: The mama would fix each kid's food {X} And don't come back for seconds. {NW} Interviewer: You ate with a wha- with a? 811: With a spoon. Interviewer: Did you have anything else to eat with? Uh like when you had a piece of meat? 811: Uh you had a fork. But then- {D: soon, very soon} you had meat, that when you would get it, you didn't want to play around with it. {NW} I remember when we had meat at once a week that was uh on Sundays. {NS} And then as it went along, we started getting it maybe two or three time a week. We'd have chicken on Sunday and sweet rolls. It was our biggest meal We looked forward to Sunday. And it was the bad part if you had company. The kids had to wait till till everybody else ate. And what they had left, that's what they would eat. It's not like now, they feed their kids first. But in the olden time the kids would come last. The company would eat first. Then the kids would would get the leftovers. {NW} Interviewer: Um {NW} what sort of sharp instruments did you have around? 811: Uh usually had a butcher knife or people would make 'em out of {D: fire or s-} or either a blacksmith shop, you go and you take you a- a piece of iron and make you one. Interviewer: Did- did men carry uh 811: They carried old Texas jacks. It would- {X} one blade knife. Most of 'em was switchblades. It was very seldom you would see a man with a knife that had more than one blade. Interviewer: C- people carry 'em with 'em a lot? 811: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 People always # had in their pocket, they always had what? 811: Uh always had a well a little call- what we'd call that. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: No, Texas jack. and the only thing you'd have to do is take the {D: red belly like that, it would break.} And they were dangerous with 'em, too. They would cut you. {NW} I tell you, at that time, about ninety percent of the men if you'd ask 'em for a knife, they'd tell you they didn't have nothing. If a fight started, everybody had one. {NW} Interviewer: They all had their- 811: No one had that. But you'll ask 'em to borrow one for something, nobody had nothing. If you start up a fight, {NW} ninety percent of 'em had one. {NS} Interviewer: Had the kni- had the 811: Had- had one of them old Texas jacks, yeah. {NS} You find it on him if you can, he had it stuck somewhere in his sock or Interviewer: Yeah. Did you keep a lot or did you keep one or two or? 811: Me? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 811: #2 Uh # during my time coming up, I I always did keep a- a- a case. Cause I castrate calves and stuff. Uh that's mostly what I kept it for. Interviewer: Those are pretty good, aren't they? They're #1 pretty # 811: #2 Yeah. # And they're so many, they expensive, too. And on the farm you need one. The boss didn't want us {D: to ride horses and doubt we had one.} Cause with one fellow, a horse had fell on him and he got trapped up under the horse. And if he could've cut the girth, he could've got from under him, but he couldn't cut the girth and the horse fell on him and he smothered. That's why he told us he didn't want us riding a horse {D: unless} we had a knife. So everybody on the farm you pretty much need a knife on the farm, though. You always got something to cut. Or some adjustment to do and something. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: #1 I swear y- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: you've got t- it pays you to keep a good knife, cause you never know when you're gonna Interviewer: Farmers have keep good #1 {X} # 811: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: good knives around? 811: Yeah. They should, most of 'em does. Well most of 'em t- uh pack these big knives. {NS} Big two blades in the case. {NS} But uh {NS} Well about fifty percent of 'em does bring them big knives uh with the outside case. Interviewer: Yeah. Did um now okay after the dishes dirty, your wife put soap on 'em and washes 'em, and then she does what? She? 811: Well, she dries 'em. Interviewer: To get the water off, she? 811: She dries 'em. {NW} Interviewer: I mean, to get the soap off, she? 811: Oh sh- she take 'em and wash the soap of 'em and rinse 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay and then {NS} and then uh she dries 'em with a what? Usually? 811: With a dry cloth. Interviewer: Okay. What did she wash 'em with? You know? Or your mother, she'd use a what to wash 'em with? 811: Uh well she use a homemade a homemade dishrag uh like I was telling you about them fertilizer sacks that was Interviewer: Yeah. 811: They'll serve a whole lot of purpose for everything, dish rags and bath towels and everything else. Interviewer: Did y'all get to bathe much? 811: Well, I'll tell you the bathing it was- was- was mostly on Saturday. In them times that you would wash yourself off through the week, and on Saturday you take a bath. {NS} Cause the water was scarce. {NS} Cause if you'd have start toting water in gallon buckets about Interviewer: Yes sir. 811: about a half a mile, they didn't have too much to bathe with. Interviewer: Okay. Now you turn on at the water pipe, in the kitchen sink you turn on the? Turn on what? Well, you get water now, you just turn on the? 811: On the faucet. Interviewer: Okay. Uh when you're working out in the field, say, and they brought water out to you in a cart or a wagon, uh what was that container called? 811: Well, like you mean now or Interviewer: Yeah. 811: in the olden- well like now we usually uh take ou- our water jug out in the field and go come back for lunch. We put our ice and everything in there. Fix us a container of water with a water cooler. And if we running tractors we just take it and put it on the tractor. If we shoveling or something well, we just take it down in the field with us. And when we start shoveling, we set it down, when we get through w- we shoveling right there when we move further over we just pick it up and bring it with us. Interviewer: Okay. And that's a water what? 811: That's a water cooler. Interviewer: Okay. You get water- you push on the what or you turn on the? 811: Uh all you got is a little button you press to the bottom. Interviewer: {NW} The water comes out of a? 811: Uh well I guess you would call it a little fountain. Interviewer: Fountain. You can put a spigot you know. 811: Uh yeah cause you got two cups on it uh the top of it. You had two containers. Interviewer: Have you got a place out in the yard where you can get water? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: You just turn on the water out 811: Yeah. Out in the yard there. Interviewer: At the? 811: The faucet. Interviewer: Oh. You have any problems with your pipes here like in- this winter when it got cold? 811: No problems at all cause uh all our pipes is uh yeah they all in uh well they all covered. They leave from the well house out there and they uh underground. And when it get to the house, I got one faucet in the back the only thing I do is just wrap it up and put a something over it, like a tub or anything. And just keep one faucet running in the house. Interviewer: And that will keep it from? 811: Keeping the pump from freezing up. Long as your water's moving, it ain't gonna freeze. So every once in a while, your pump come on so your pump ain't gonna freeze, either. Interviewer: But you've- you've heard of people's pipes freezing? 811: Oh I have experienced. {D: Well, I might} fix enough pipes this winter to go into the pipe business. Interviewer: Really? Why? 811: Oh the ice. Uh Interviewer: Y'all had it bad here? 811: That one of the worst winters we ever had down we had a house right down there where I used to live, Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 811: And man, every time I go there the water was gushing over the yard. Everybody get up under the house, get the {D: chain} I bet it broke every T on the they had on there. Interviewer: All the pipes? 811: Yeah, all- all the Ts. Had to unscrew 'em. Some of 'em, I welded 'em. And uh Interviewer: You oughta go into plumbing. 811: I should have. {NW} The way it was going. Interviewer: Um now the way things used to come, like when you went to the store, say, back in the old days uh how did things how did you get your say flour, how did it come? 811: Uh your flour would mostly come uh like in twenty-five pounds. Interviewer: In a? 811: A twenty-five-pound sack. Interviewer: Made outta cotton? 811: Uh yeah, it was a cotton sack that you in them days, most of your stuff you would get it was in sacks. Interviewer: Did you ever see 'em come in a big thing? 811: Well they- you could get 'em in a hundred-pounds, too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: But very few people would get 'em uh the wholesale would have 'em quite a bit, a hundred pound sacks. And it had to be a- a tremendous big family to buy well a family like us, we were seven, and twenty-five pound would would last quite a while. We never get a hundred pound cause the weevils and stuff would get in it during the summer when it was hot. Interviewer: Uh now they used to have to roll some of these off the bagon- or off the back of a wagon on boards. You know? The things that {NS} said br- uh that would come in? 811: Yeah, you had your Interviewer: Molasses would come in a what? 811: That would come in uh tin barrels, your cooking oil. All that kind of stuff would come in uh in fifty-five-gallon drums. Interviewer: Mm. Okay. And it'd come in a barrel, you said? 811: Yeah, in a fifty-five-gallon drum. Cause I heard a bunch of I didn't exactly see, cause I heard a bunch of these uh old people that waits till the wholesale. Got one of my old hunting friends, there. He been there for forty- forty years, I believe. And he told me how he fit them fifty-five-gallon drums of cooking oil and and other stuff that would come. And a hundred pounds of sugar in the old days And now the most they pick up is fifty pounds, I believe. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now, in a barrel that had a narrow mouth, you would make something to, say to make the w- 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 to make a {D: jug} # 811: {NS} you had to have a funnel. Interviewer: Make a funnel to #1 make it go down there? # 811: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Did uh {NS} when you were driving the wagon, you used a what to hit the horses with? 811: Uh you had a a whip- uh b- well, the {X} had a buggy whip and then you had a a bullwhip. Well, most of 'em would use bullwhips Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {NW} on the wagons. Interviewer: Okay. Now when you when you go into town {NS} that's C-B- {NS} 811: Tell Junior to cut his C-B off that's coming out. {NS} Interviewer: I get interference with this thing all the time, with the C-B. It's- I- I guess it's the battery in it or something like that. I don't know. 811: {D: He come uh that-} that radio T-V. Interviewer: Over there? 811: Yeah, when he talking. If we put that on, it come out all day. {NS} Interviewer: Um when you buy fruit at the store, the grocer would put a put it in a? 811: Uh Interviewer: Paper b- 811: well in them time, you didn't have to- you always had a a sack or something bigger. They didn't have too many paper sacks then. Interviewer: Okay. 811: In the old time. Interviewer: Okay, when you bought, say when you went into town and you needed- your mother would send you say, with some money uh to get some flour, how much would you buy maybe? Would it ever come in a paper 811: Yeah, you could get Interviewer: They'd weigh it out? 811: Yeah. You could get nickel, dime's worth. Cause uh uh Interviewer: Ten? 811: You had ten pound uh twenty-five pound well, it couldn't have been much over about a dollar, if it was a dollar. I don't believe- it must've been about seventy-five cent. {D: Cause I remember I used to go to dime and thirty-five cent and get} thirty-five cent worth of {X} meat. And that sack I was telling you, I had the back of it full. {NS} And the rest of it is stuff I had like a when we'd go to town, we'd take two dozen eggs two or three dozen eggs and we could buy Lord knows how much stuff with it. And one day we went- we even went to the drugstore with some eggs. {NW} {X} {NS} We went to the drugstore with the {X} we went to get grocer- {NW} She said we don't sell groceries but she said I'll take the eggs, though. {NS} So she went on and boiled the eggs, gave us cash for 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Um {NS} now potatoes, used to would be shipped in a? {NS} 811: Um sweet potatoes? {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh {NS} Interviewer: Or any sort of potatoes, really. 811: Well in a crate. Uh your sweet potatoes, most of 'em shipped in a they used to ship 'em in a wanted to call it a fifty-pound case. It was a crate, though. Most of 'em ship 'em nowadays in uh grass sacks, or either paper boxes. The crates got so expensive, I believe they got to about ninety-five cent a- a crate. Interviewer: Grass sack, is that real? 811: That's uh burlap. Interviewer: Burlap. Uh well now when you what would you call the amount of corn you took to mill at one time? When you went to mill. 811: Uh Interviewer: #1 {D: It's a big, brown} # 811: #2 {D: they took} # anywhere from fifty to a hundred pound, to twenty-five pound. Uh like I said, it all depend on how big your family was. Like us, we got about fifty pound. Interviewer: Uh okay, that wasn't a that wasn't a full wagon, that'd be just a {NS} 811: {D: You took} Uh you had cornmeal to eat. Uh, what I mean is uh like cornmeal. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh what you would do- you- you shell it and you get you a sack, um a hundred pound sack, you know, and if you had a horse, you just take it and throw it on your horse and you know? Put it up in the saddle with you and go ahead. Now like if you had to go have corn crushed for your uh your mules or something, well you usually take {NW} about six, seven hundred pound. That was a- a wagon load. Interviewer: Uh now you'd be out in the say out in the garden and uh your mother would need some wood and she'd- she'd yell, she'd say run bring in a 811: All my wood. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: Just run out there with your arm of wood. Interviewer: Arm of wood. Um now you mentioned you had coal back, nowadays you just put in a new? When it burns out, you put in a new? 811: Uh on what? Interviewer: When you- when the light burns You forgot you put in a new? 811: Uh new bulb. Interviewer: New #1 You had # 811: #2 but # Interviewer: back in the old days you had {NS} 811: you had c- {NW} smoke and {D: cola} {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. When you went out a night, did you ever go out say at night and make a something to go out at night with? Like take a piece of rich wood or something like that? Take a piece of some kind of wood, maybe. Do you have pine around here? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Take a piece of, you know, 811: Well, {NW} in them times, we uh {X} put it, but we had flashlights. Uh Interviewer: {NW} 811: We was kinda up-to-date then. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: I ain't that old, but I- I seen a bunch of a bunch of things I Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 and # when you would come out the house, it not like it is now, if you it the lights was dim in the house. And if you would walk outside the about in a minute, you could see just about what you could see in the house cause you only had no light in the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: But now you put the light on in the house, and you walk outside, it was about ten minutes before your eyes get adjusted to the dark. {NS} And then you still can't see nothing. {NS} I don't know if it they seem like to me in them times didn't seem like it was that dark. You know, it look like it was always a little bit lighter. Interviewer: Uh well, when people went out, say did you ever go out bird thrashing at night? 811: No, Interviewer: Would you ever go out and kill birds at night around here? {D: Kid with a stick?} 811: Mm-mm. We used to have cotton pickings at night. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 811: And get and get a bunch of people and make ice cream and all kind of stuff like that and uh Interviewer: How'd they make ice cream for gosh sake? 811: {NW} You had a freezer uh you take your your milk and stuff, you cook it Interviewer: Yeah. 811: make like a custard. {NS} Then you go get you some ice Interviewer: Yeah. 811: and this big ol' cool s- ice cream salt. And {NS} you put your custard, they had a well you had one or two gallons uh container you take it and uh you set it at a- a big bucket like a bucket and you set it in the ice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: And you had a pallet {NS} in that container. {NS} And you had a {NS} a crank that would go on top of there. {NS} You set it in that ice and you get you a sack or something and let a small kid or something sit on the top of it. And you'd turn it and {X} it'd just keep on turning it about for half hour. {NS} And that ice would freeze. Interviewer: Good ice cream, wasn't it? 811: Oh better than the one you could buy. Interviewer: Yeah. My mother's made that, now that you come to think of it. {X} Um but whe- when you went out at night, they'd take a piece of wood or something like that or were you ever just if you didn't have a lantern, say. You might take a bottle, and put coal in it and stuff a rag in it and they call that a a what? I lit a? Or 811: {X} Interviewer: or would they ever take a piece of wood 811: I never did do it. I never did see nobody do it. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 811: #2 It's # {X} Interviewer: When they- when they went out at night, light a piece of wood say when they were fishing out on a lake? 811: We ne- cause they wouldn't let us play with fire when we were small. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you what a flambeau was? 811: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Okay. A torch you know, like 811: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: All right. {NS} When now when your mother was was doing the wash she carried the clothes out to the line in a? 811: In a bucket or well, mostly a bucket. Interviewer: Did you ever see the things they would make that were woven, say? Woven kind of things uh when the- when you'd go on a picnic, you'd take a what? 811: Oh Interviewer: Or- or 811: Uh I- I don't s- Interviewer: when you go out in the woods somewhere, your mother would have a a what? Carry a lot of things in. 811: Uh a basket. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Well, we {NW} couldn't afford no basket, we had a Interviewer: Yeah. 811: I just {X} a bucket. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now nails used to come in a? Nails, didn't what did nails come in? 811: Nails used to come in a barrel. Uh Interviewer: Would it be a big barrel? 811: You had uh they would uh um Interviewer: You ever see the little ones? 811: Yeah, you get so- they had all sizes. Um I'm guessing they went from ten pounds to a hundred pound, you could get. {NS} Interviewer: It was just a little uh 811: A little old wooden barrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It had what around i- what went around a barrel to hold it? 811: Uh you had some rings. Uh wire rings. That was uh Interviewer: Or those metal what? Metal? 811: {NW} Uh metal rings. Interviewer: Remember that game they used to play? 811: Tha- that hula hoop? Interviewer: Y- yeah. 811: It was something. Interviewer: That's- that's what I was thinking of. 811: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Those things were called {NS} metal? {NS} 811: Uh rings I Interviewer: Hoops? 811: Yeah. Cause they used to have 'em on the on them old outdoor cisterns. That's what they would call 'em. Metal hoops. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} now a little barrel was called a? Like beer would come in a what? Beer, 811: #1 you ever seen 'em? # Interviewer: #2 Uh # You ever seen 'em when they bought that? It would come in a? {NS} 811: In a keg. Interviewer: Keg. 811: Cause what we used to make plenty of in them old {D: croaker like I was} #1 telling you. # Interviewer: #2 You did? # 811: Yeah, we'd cap that stuff, man. Interviewer: Made- made what? Made? 811: Uh homemade brew. Interviewer: Home brew. 811: {NW} Then we'd cap it green but before and that {X} {D: would swivel right} {X} put that up under the houses, take it to buses. {NW} {NS} {X} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: How much of that would you make? Could you make it good? I mean 811: Oh when poor daddy would make it, he'd make about ten, twelve gallon. Interviewer: {NW} 811: And that would be till ten, eleven o'clock at night capping it. Had a beer tester to tell when it was ready, you know. Interviewer: What did you put it in to make- okay, what were the ingredients? 811: Uh you had uh uh- uh- uh they call it moss. Was a syrup, a beer syrup. And you put you some yeast case in there. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: With sugar. {NS} It wasn't hard to make. But you had to know when to cap it. That was the important thing. Interviewer: You had to know how much 811: Yeah, but you had a tester. And you had to know how to read that tester. {NS} And if uh that tester- you would go they were just about on the mark and it was about six o'clock that evening after we'd already cap it ten o'clock that night, you'd better cap it. {NS} And if you start at ten, sometimes you have about a hundred and fifty bottles. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, the bottles would put would- you'd put what in the top of the bottles? 811: Well you- you had a cap. We had a special cap for I had one somewhere here. Interviewer: Y'all had a- y'all had a first-rate 811: Oh {X} That was a good- you- {NW} We'd put dusty barrel and make wine. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} that was about all. How you been? 811: Oh, I've been all right. I- {D: she had to go to mass Saturday.} {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. You told me you were Catholic? 811: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: And when did- how di- how old were you when you became a member? 811: {D: Of the Catholic?} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Oh let's see, I must've been about twenty-two years old. Interviewer: When you? 811: Young cause I was- probably soon after I got married. My wife was Catholic. And then I decided that was gonna create a problem with the wife and the kids and everything going to church so. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: I just decided to join Catholic. {NS} Interviewer: Your wife uh {NS} she was born and raised in this area? 811: Mm-hmm. {NS} Well uh that would be the Bellevue community where- she was born and raised there. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: {X} {NS} Interviewer: How did you meet her? May I ask or? {NS} 811: Well I met her at the one of her cousin's house. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And then I just start talking to her {D: first day} {NS} Actually let me get my medicine, it must be about two o'clock. Uh excuse me a minute. Interviewer: I- I go to school at Emory, I said, #1 not in # 811: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: uh traveled through Louisiana and talking with farmers and 811: About wh- what's your uh major name? Interviewer: History. 811: History. Interviewer: Sorta. Yeah, history and English, that sort of thing. That uh 811: So that helps you a whole lot, don't it? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, I hope so. But I- I hope to to get a lot of information from my interviews. Woman : Have you run anything uh uh my sister-in-law told me she had saw an article in Interviewer: {X} what I'm doing and who I'm interviewing, nary I'll do that #1 but # Woman : #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: I don't usually. Woman : It was probably someone else, then, because she was wondering you know they- they haven't been they hadn't been contacted you know to ask them if it was all right to write the interview, you know. Interviewer: Yes ma'am. Woman : The article about it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Woman : And she was just wondering, you know, who had wrote it. Interviewer: {NW} Woman : {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. I know a lot of that stuff s- goes on and you know, people writing articles about other folks without 811: {NW} Woman : Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} #1 A lot of the time, it's not really # Woman : #2 {X} # Interviewer: good, #1 you know? {NW} # Woman : #2 Yeah. # {NW} She's just Interviewer: Like learning some bad things about the family. 811: {NW} Interviewer: Oh boy. Yeah, y'all haven't had any more rain here, have you? 811: No. I tell you, good thing we didn't. {NS} Woman : {D: Joe's} gonna go, and when you get time you can come and meet me over there. 811: Okay. Uh {X} I might just tell her uh that she gotta go tell mama's to go ahead. Interviewer: Where's she off to? 811: Uh she going back there to clean her camp the both of them had a big sand dig back there Saturday night. Interviewer: Yeah? 811: Well, they had to go clean the camp today. Interviewer: I- I wanna ask you about that. What sorta games would you play when y'all were kids uh 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 round here? # 811: {NS} We always had a old bucket with couple of rocks in it and make us a little old wagon use any kind of wheels we could find. Or either well, what you call a {D: shotty} some kids are a little better than the others with uh with hammer and nails. So we'd find us a couple of old nails or something make us little tiny slingshots, blow guns, pop guns. You use China balls with the pop gun, you'd take you a piece of fishing {D: can} {NS} and you cut it so long {NS} and then you take you a a piece of China ball stick and you cut it with {D: slip in there} And you cut it about that much shorter than your your piece of fishing pole and you take it and stick it in there, you get a China ball to the end of it and then you pull it into the back and it'd build up a pressure. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: Talk about {D: hurt.} {NW} And we had old B-B guns and then they would make our slingshots with piece of old tubes and shoot down {X} out of that tree. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 811: And we'd do quite a bit of hunting with that, too, we'd kill rabbits, {D: bugs} {NS} Use our sticks for this loaded with lead on the end so when you'd throw it, it wouldn't cut flips, it just would the heavy end would go towards the front. Interviewer: Towards the front, huh? 811: Uh-huh. Usually the heavy end would uh like if you'd throw it and you it would if you got a stick that's well- well-balanced, {NS} it's gonna cut flip, but if you got one of these heavier than the other one, {NS} very soon it's gonna cut flip. {NS} {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Any games you played with other kids around here? Were there a lot of kids in the neighborhood you were raised? 811: No. Where we came up, the kids was {NS} go about {NS} four or five miles {X} {NS} {X} Hello. Woman : Hello. Interviewer: How you doing? 811: {X} Woman : {X} 811: Y'all- y'all can come sit with me {D: I'm finna to go to mama.} Woman : {X} {NS} {X} 811: You gonna come sit out here, you gonna have to be quiet, though. Oh, you gonna sleep? {NS} Okay, let Mom give you a banana. {NS} Interviewer: Who's- is she #1 kin to you? # 811: #2 That's # that's my sister-in-law. They leaving right now, I was gonna go show you I'm gonna ask if they got one of them old time cisterns. Like I was telling you about that day {X} mule that jumped in. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And they got one like that {X} {NS} When we get through, if you feel that, we'll go look at it. Interviewer: Oh yeah, I'd love to. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Um {NS} okay, other games you- you didn't have a lot of kids around town? 811: No. Just uh well on Sunday, sometime they would visit. {NS} But like during the week, it was just mostly family. Interviewer: Okay. 811: And then during the week, everybody was working if they wasn't at school so you didn't get a chance to visit too much. Maybe at night if you didn't sleep too far. And the parents would work uh the fathers would work most of the time at night so they had to take their supper to 'em. Interviewer: How'd they work at night? You were telling me on the tape how you would plow at night, or work at night? 811: Well well they had they had what you call a {D:A D high grade} I don't- I don't {X} It was something uh the weevils had got so bad in the sweet potatoes well, you couldn't just take 'em and throw 'em out there, so they uh {NW} created a machine that you would cook 'em. {NS} And they would cut 'em in some little strips and uh {NS} what he would do, he would run it about eighteen hours a day. {NS} And uh {NS} and we were old enough then to do the- most of the farming. {NS} But most of the time they would run it like uh during the winter during the harvest time. {NS} And if we would finish kinda early well it was always during the winter cause uh it was- didn't have too much to do then. It would cause that uh {NS} the farmer himself would hardly bring the potatoes there. {NS} It was the the ship uh like we ship potatoes up north everywhere. When he would uh weighed his potatoes out {NS} the ones that wasn't good he had to send 'em to this place to get 'em cook and they'd use 'em to make hog feed. {NS} They'd use the stuff to make hog feed and uh {NS} mule feed stuff like that. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Um {NS} so you'd work at night? And your father would. 811: My father would work at night. He would run um {NS} well, something like that it didn't take much education, it was just something you learnt when it was {X} you had uh a couple of pressure gauges you had to watch. Your pressure couldn't get too high, too low, if anything were to happen then you had to shut it down cause it wasn't like the machineries they got today, you gotta have a college degree and everything. And he didn't have no education at all. He uh just was around there when I was putting it up and uh Interviewer: Yeah. Did your father know how to read and write? 811: No. Interviewer: He couldn't? 811: No. My mother could, but not my father. Interviewer: But he wanted you to get a 811: Yeah. And so what happened- he took sick uh oh when we was young and me and my older brother had to start to make a living and well uh my older sister, she's two years younger than me, she went to the {NS} eleventh grade. {NS} Uh {NS} the next one went to the eleventh grade, and the bigger one finished high school. Uh so it was just me and the older brother he went to the the fourth grade, and I went to the sixth. Interviewer: And you left school while you were in the sixth grade? 811: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Wow. That's still, that's pretty good for for you know, for your folks not having 811: Yeah. Interviewer: a chance and you get good schooling. 811: And then in them times, they didn't have no school bus or nothing like they have the {NW} got two school buses turn right in the yard here now. Got three kids and two buses turn in the yard to pick 'em up. Interviewer: The school you went to was where? It ba- 811: I- in Church Point. Interviewer: Church Point. 811: Hmm. Interviewer: That's right. {NS} 811: Uh it was uh what it was it'll go to the sixth grade, I believe. That's the highest it would go, it was a one-room school. And they had one teacher that'd teach the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth. And the books they had, she would {NW} pick up they had I believe about a couple of 'em that was in the sixth or the seventh gra- in the sixth grade. And she would pick up some kind of uh a fairy story book {NS} uh up-to-date, you know, in them times I liked to read so much, I did every day. {NS} And then they didn't have no more spelling cause uh they had went there was spelling about in the fourth grade. And after that they didn't have no spelling. {X} what they teach anew she could make up problems and give you. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Subtract and then add long division. That's all you had them days. And not too much of uh of long division, it was mostly just adding and subtracting. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Now the kids who were in school were called? 811: Uh a student. Interviewer: Yeah. You call 'em. But uh {NS} When you went to school, old times they used to sit in benches. {NS} What'd you sit at? 811: Uh we had uh benches. {NS} They didn't have no uh I can barely remember what they was but I can tell you it wasn't nothing good to sit on. {NS} They had uh {NS} Interviewer: What would you write on? {NS} 811: Well yo- they had a place i- it was was all in one part, it was something like a desk. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: But you had something like two kids could sit in it. It was straight. {NS} It was um uh {NS} Interviewer: Were there several of these in a room? There were several 811: Um yeah, you had a lot. It was about twenty-five kids, I guess. And they- Interviewer: So there were how many of 'em, bout? {NS} 811: Oh they must've had about fifteen, I imagine. They had some single and some was double. {NS} Like uh they put you in rows. Uh it'd be something like uh classrooms, each row. It's uh like a classroom. Interviewer: There were classrooms? 811: Well, it was just the one room, and the the row of students, you know, like if they had {NS} four in the first grade, they would have four in the first row. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: The second grade, if they had five, well they had five in that row. And they were spaced out, you know. {NS} So there was just one big room. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: So, we all sat in? {NS} 811: In whatever grade you was in, you just sat in that group. Interviewer: Yeah. But you did have places stuff that they would write on, you did have? 811: Yeah, you had uh i- it was convenient to write on Interviewer: On these? 811: Uh benches. It #1 was uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # But now when you- 811: {NW} Interviewer: when a boy went to school and didn't show up, they say he? {NS} 811: Well, he was absent. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 811: #2 {D: You know} they had # roll call if you Interviewer: He left home to go to school and he didn't show up. He what- they'd say he must've? 811: Well they- if you did- {X} that come by, that'd mean he had played hooky. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 811: If it was hooky, they'd be- a bunch of 'em got beat for that. Oh. Interviewer: But when you- when they sent you to school, you went, #1 right? # 811: #2 Yeah. # We had so far to go, we didn't have no place to play hooky all day. {NS} Interviewer: Um what time would well, about three o'clock? Was that when school would uh 811: Yeah, school let out about three, it'd take in about eight, eight-thirty. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Till about three. And you had an hour off for lunch. So they had this during the winter time well, y- everybody had to bring their own lunch. Interviewer: How'd you take your uh your stuff to school with you? 811: Uh Interviewer: I mean your- your food. 811: Well, we had a gallon bucket. Uh #1 but we- # Interviewer: #2 you- # 811: if we had {X} we'd put grease and rice {D: and sauce it in about} eleven o'clock the teacher would let you set it on the- on the coal heater to warm, so it would be warm. During the summer, you had eggs. And it wasn't like it is now. That's- if you have a hot lunch during the winter. {NS} Well, then a whole lot of times during the summer it- it would sour. {NS} If something would go wrong, it would get too hot then you didn't have no lunch, and you had to wait till you get home. {NS} Interviewer: Uh {NS} well, let's see. Usually about the day after Labor Day is that when school would 811: I don't remember when school would start or stop. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: #1 I- # Interviewer: #2 Did you # go full- the full year, or? 811: If you went, let's say if they had nine months of school. If you went three months, you went a whole lot. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: And the conditions of the world then, #1 there # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 811: the ups and downs and everything. Interviewer: Yeah. Mr. {X}, how old are yo- may I ask how old you are now, you're? 811: Thirty-eight. Interviewer: Thirty-eight? 811: Yeah, I'll be thirty-nine the seventeenth of June. Interviewer: You must've- you worked yourself mighty hard. Now you had your first heart attack when you were #1 thirty-two? # 811: #2 Uh # thirty-one. Interviewer: Thirty-one. 811: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. Um now, some of the games that you that you played, other games that you'd play with kids around the neighborhood, you know? Dark at night or anything like that? 811: {NW} We wouldn't play too much at night. During the day, we'd shoot marbles. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh and we always did live pretty close to the woods. We would go in the woods and {NS} play all kinds of games in trees and stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. Like what? {NS} 811: Uh {NS} Course they played Tarzan and {NS} Interviewer: In trees? 811: Yeah. Get up in trees and hide, play cowboy and Indian. Interviewer: Did you do that much? 811: Oh yeah, any chance we'd get we'd {NS} lived right by the woods almost every weekend that's where we'd go play, in the woods. {NS} Interviewer: And you 811: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 and you could # you went up to the trees? 811: And during the summer, you see, we had all kind of uh {NS} well, stuff to eat, like muscadines and grapes and stuff in the woods. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Go pick that and come back and make jelly and and wine and stuff with it. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {NW} Interviewer: You say you went up trees a lot? 811: #1 Yeah, we # Interviewer: #2 Did you like to do it? # Did you 811: we climbed trees, but we couple of us fell out, and then we didn't get broke- break nothing, but we got bruised up bad. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: #1 We # Interviewer: #2 What would you # do up in the trees? Just 811: Get up in there and hide. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: One would pass and we'd jump on him. {NS} Interviewer: I heard about you know, folks would get in one tree and swing to the other. 811: Well, we wouldn't too much swing to the other. We would get in there and hide in them old marsh trees. Them big old uh live oaks the branches were lower, you know. {D: You'd pass it right there and} jump on 'em. {NS} Interviewer: And you hmm. So {NS} uh whenever you saw a tree, you would go over and 811: Yeah, we would go hide and play hide-and-go-seek in the woods. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay now that's a- that's a game. What- w- what about what about that game? Did you have a- who- somebody who was 811: Uh what would happen, you would Woman : {NS} 811: you would they would draw straws, if I remember right. Child: {NS} 811: They would pick one, and what he would do, he would uh close his eyes and let everybody go hide. Interviewer: He would be? 811: He would be the Interviewer: It? Woman : {NS} 811: Yeah, the uh let's say there was about six of 'em. Five of 'em would be hid. I ju- I just don't remember what they would call the one that would stay. And we had to do uh go find the others and he had a special base. A- a tree or something used to and if he find one, he had to beat him back to that tree, and touch him before he get there. Interviewer: And he was 811: So he was Interviewer: he was safe? 811: Yeah. That knowing he was out, he had to help the- help them look for the rest And one of 'em would Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: beat him back to the tree before you would see him. Uh he was safe. He had a chance to go hide again. Interviewer: Okay. 811: {NW} Interviewer: Uh you got to learn- got to learn how to run 811: Oh. Interviewer: a lot, doing that {X} 811: Run and hide behind briars. We'd come in all the briars picked us all Interviewer: There was a brush- a bush somewhere y- to to hide, you would 811: Just Woman : {NS} 811: {X} out or try to crawl under it Interviewer: Yeah. 811: if you could. Interviewer: Um {NS} now uh other games like what about a game that they would they would make a {X} in the ground and uh you would get something and one person would get on one end and you'd start {NS} 811: Oh a seesaw. Interviewer: Yeah. You'd get on it and start doing what? Start? 811: Well, one would get on each side of the board, and they would start going up and down on it. They would call it a seesaw. {NS} Interviewer: Uh okay, did you ever see one that went around? 811: A merry-go-round? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Yeah, they didn't have too many of them, it Interviewer: Yeah. Or what about one you'd tie to a tree limb? 811: Oh uh uh a swing. We had quite a few of them. We would go in the woods and make them if we could find us a piece of rope. Rope's kinda hard to come by. You go swipe us a little piece off the boss's harness off the {D: new ones} {NW} and go tie it up in the tree {X} for the next week's yield. Woman : {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. It- was there places around here where you could go in the water? 811: They had a a bog. Well, well, it was, yeah matter of fact, it was at that same um I just r- forget the name of it. The one that that past right there went talked to mr Dagle, and he told us uh the name of it. Interviewer: {X} 811: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Is that it? # 811: Well, Interviewer: Is that the name of it? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 811: {D: He would} pass oh about a quarter of a mile. But we wasn't allowed to go play around it cause they had a bunch of kids would get drowned every now and then. {D: I see a bunch of 'em} you'd hear talk about two kids get drowned every five years. That was a whole lot. And we wasn't allowed to go play cause if one of us would go by, then the other one would tell, and we was in trouble. So we didn't fool with it. Now uh we would go a whole lot with our daddy cause he loved it to fish. Woman : {NS} 811: And late in the afternoon we'd go out there and catch fish. Woman : {NS} 811: Course it wasn't deep, though. It was about waist-deep. And he'd let us get in there. Woman : {NS} 811: Course none of us could swim. Interviewer: Did you ever learn? 811: N- I learned a little bit afterward. Uh after I was a grown man, but during them times there Child: {NS} Interviewer: You did it a little bit? You? 811: Uh yeah, by being on the farm uh {NS} we used to fool around quite a bit uh get a bunch of us together and go swimming. But I never was good enough to get nobody outta trouble, though. I believe if they had- be got- get in trouble. Interviewer: Yeah. But down there's- what do they call that? That's- Is there a- a bridge over that- over that? 811: Uh-huh. Interviewer: There is? Okay, now we came down to it riding in there, right? And- and the- it was flooded #1 down there. # 811: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Can you go over it? 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: To where? Where- 811: Um you can go {D: the reef shore} Child: {NS} 811: on that road uh y- from there y- uh Child: {NS} 811: you go to {D: U-N-S} Crowley. Interviewer: Oh I can take that road over to Iota, probably. 811: Uh yeah. But your best bet would be to go to Iota is go ahead uh up there by {D: buddy's} four-way stop. Interviewer: Yeah, you told me. {NS} 811: {NW} Cause that little winding up roads, you're gonna get yourself lost {X} surely got more curves on that Interviewer: I know. Um did y'all ever get together and have instruments that you would play? Make- 811: No. Well, I don't remember an instrument till I was about fourteen or fifteen and knew what it was. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Would anybody be- do that in this area? In other words, did any- did you any folks that would could make good 811: No, not in the olden time. Uh every now and then you I remember about two people I knew that would play a {D: mop} music. Interviewer: Like what? 811: Uh well called the harmonica. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you ever see the one 811: Uh no, one of them Jew's harps? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: No, I never did see Child: {NS} 811: one of them. Child: {NS} 811: And uh a fiddle let's see, one that play a fiddle it- and accordion. But otherwise, like guitars and I never knew what a- what a piano was till I was about sixteen. {X} {X} they knew what it was. Interviewer: Yeah. Like in a church? 811: Well, in them times, you go to church you went to church once a month, you went a whole lot. Course, we was living with about twelve miles from the church. Child: {NS} 811: And the only way we to go was this Child: {NS} 811: with a wagon and mules. Child: {NS} 811: So if service is about ten o'clock, Child: {NS} 811: you had to leave about five-thirty that morning to get there. Interviewer: Yeah. Now about a wagon uh wha- what was the tell me about a wagon. Wha- that long piece that would go between the horses. 811: Uh, you would call that the tongue. Interviewer: Uh well on a buggy, you'd have to back the horse in between the? 811: Uh uh the um Interviewer: You know. 811: that was shafts. Interviewer: Yeah. Wha- what did you say to 'em when you {X} 811: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever do that? # 811: Yeah, you'd just tell 'em back up or usually you had to kinda have a special horse for a buggy. You couldn't use any kind of horse for a buggy. If you had a buggy- if you had a riding horse, it was very seldom you would a horse that you would ride with a saddle. {NS} It was very seldom you could {NS} put him on a buggy {NS} where he would {NS} he would do what he was supposed to do. {NS} Yo- if you had a buggy horse, you serve the purpose of a buggy horse. But if you had a saddle horse, They much better put him on a buggy cause he {NS} he'd end up hurting the family or {NS} running away, breaking up the buggy and stuff. Interviewer: Did you ride much uh 811: No. {NS} I rode more after I grew up on horses. {NS} I- I r- r- uh very seldom I ride in a buggy. Interviewer: Would you- would you break 'em? 811: Uh no never did. I was too scared of breaking a bone, {NS} always like to kinda be careful. Woman : {NS} 811: Seen a bunch of people hurt on 'em, and I always try and avoid it Child: {NS} 811: from getting hurt. And it was two years- get- you gotta go through too much pain to get well. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: I figured to heck with it. If somebody else wanna do it, let 'em do it. Interviewer: Um {NS} now about the parts of the wheel, you know you had the inside, and it fit on the hub fit on the 811: Uh you had the hub, the spokes. {NS} Uh well yo- you had was your big hub, your spokes, and um Interviewer: That fit into the wooden 811: you had your spokes, that was the wooden uh that would go in your hub. Then you had the ring your iron ring that goes around all your spokes together. Interviewer: It- the iron ring we- went around what? Went around? 811: Round the spokes. {NS} Interviewer: Wasn't there a wooden part? 811: That was the- the spokes, the wooden parts. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And if you would let it um set up like for for a length of time, you know, in the park in the shade or something and you wanted to take a trip or something, then you had to the night before, you gotta take water and pour it {D: from this well up} Cause your iron ring would yeah, you would've had a tendency to they'll shrink. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: and then your iron spoke would come off. Your iron ring would break up your your spokes. So the night before, you had to take a bucket of water and uh some grass sacks and wrap 'em up and pour some water over the grass sacks, and they would swell. The moisture would make a make it expand, your spokes. Woman : {NS} 811: Therefore, you didn't have no trouble with it. {NS} #1 It's dr- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 811: dry. Child: {NS} Interviewer: You poured water Woman : {NS} Interviewer: over the wood, and it 811: Yeah, over the just over the grass sacks and stuff, and the moisture from the grass sacks and uh Interviewer: but the wood would- when you left it out, say in the hot weather, the wood did what? It? Child: {NS} 811: It- it would uh had a tendency to shrink. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now uh when you let's say in a buggy, you had um the things that the {D: tracers} came back in order to hook on to is called a? 811: Uh you had a a tongue uh a singletree. Interviewer: I see. Um when you had say on a wagon, when you had two horses and each one was hitched to a singletree, uh then what do you call the thing that both of these are hitched to in order to keep the horses together? 811: Um Interviewer: Say on a wagon, you had 811: this was a c- uh Interviewer: you had a singletree, and then you had a? 811: A coupling a coupling pole. Yeah. Child: {NS} 811: That's what it was. The singletree would hook on to a coupling pole. The two singletrees. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 811: And then uh Woman : {NS} 811: and you had your- your breast yoke to the front that would hook uh on the tongue. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: And you had a breast yoke that would uh kinda keep 'em together. And then uh the coupling tree to the back. Interviewer: Yeah. And y'all said y'all made a lot of cotton here? 811: Uh yeah. We uh Interviewer: When you were younger. 811: Yeah you {D: passed down} but the average farmer will only plant about ten acres. He'd make about seven, eight bales on the ten acres. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh Interviewer: You don't know now, where they're planting. 811: Uh in Acadia Parish, uh right now, they got one man left planting. {NS} And um Woman : {NS} 811: the nearest gin is about fifty miles, cotton gin. {NS} Interviewer: Um now when you'd tell me about the work you do when you were cutting the ground, probably in the spring. 811: Oh well what you usually do uh you always had rows left. So what you do, you you'll come and you'd cap your rows down {D: that meant} uh {X} uh it would close and one one up and open the other one. Woman : {NS} 811: When you finish with that, and you had uh a little {D: diss} Woman : {NS} 811: and you hook on there and uh Woman : {NS} 811: you'd {D: diss} it up. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: And then it'd be time to well, to put your fertilizer down. Uh so like that, it w- it would take two set of mules and two people to do it. {NW} One would go on and put the fertilizer and you come back with a what they call a {X} with some choppers on it. And you cover it up. Uh what they usually do is put the fertilizer something like uh maybe two weeks before they would get ready to plant cotton or corn. Well, with the corn uh you'd put the fertilizer and plant uh {NS} well let's go back over and start again on the corn cause that's the first thing you plant. Interviewer: What'd you break the ground with in the spring? 811: Well y- you had a- a buster. {NS} That's what you uh a- a buster was a thing with two wings on it. And a plow, that had a single wing on it. Now if you- you had flat ground, you had to do it with a plow. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Um but that meant it'll take you twice as long to do it with a plow cuz you had a single wing on it. And uh most people wouldn't leave their land flat cause it would take too much time. So you're growing it out and to recap it and come back with a little {D: diss} it'd kinda build you up a row. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you use something to break the ground up real fine? 811: Uh well there's this this little {D: diss} it'll break it up uh Interviewer: What about before that? Would they ever use just any kind of a little thing that had teeth in it? 811: No well what they would they had this uh Interviewer: Spring-tooth? 811: Spring uh yeah, spring-tooth, but they'd use this when your corn and cotton was coming up after it would rain and they had a hard crust on the ground. And you'd use this to pass to break the crust. Woman : {NS} 811: Cause what they'd do if uh you didn't break the crust it'll co- it start to come up when it get to that crust, it'll start to turn Child: {NS} 811: and whe- all it'd {D: do is die} Woman : {NS} 811: so if you perfectly now {D: harrow, it would} break the crust and it'd come straight up. Interviewer: Ah. 811: So that's the time you'd use your your ir- iron harrows, and you had side harrows. Your grass would start to come out on the side of your rows, and on the top. {D: Well you had a thing come it'll} it'll tear the rows down. Child: {NS} 811: And you had this buster again well you come back and i- it'll tear the row down and they had- it'd leave a middle. And you'll come back through the middle with your buster and it built your row back up. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. The you c- though the trenches cut by the plow were called the? 811: Well that- that was your middle. Interviewer: That was the fir- the- 811: Yeah the middle of your row. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. Was there something you called the you know, the hole in- I mean the middle okay, the row was the what? 811: I- well the row that was the Interviewer: The row was where you cut? 811: No, that's where you were planting. #1 On your row. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Oh, I see. Child: {NS} 811: And usually when you plant on your row, you'd leave so- a middle so that means if your grass would get bad enough, Child: {NS} 811: you could tear this row down. Child: {NS} 811: {D: But it means} tear the row down but leave yo- your plant. And you had something to come back in the middle and rebuild your rows, tear the grass down and then sometimes you have to leave with a day or so to let the grass die off after it was a wet season cause if you would just come back with that buster again, all you do is just put your grass back up there and if the ground was wet, it'd take right back. {NS} Interviewer: Did um did you ever use uh two horses {NS} when you were plowing? 811: Yeah, it was most- um well ninety percent of the time that's what you use. Two horses #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Now one horse was the {NS} let's see. {NS} O- didn't one horse walk in the on the row? In other words, did one horse walk outside the row? 811: Well um Interviewer: When you're using the middle buster, you call one horse the what? The horse on the left was a? Child: {NS} {NS} 811: Um Child: {NS} 811: well what you do when you're using a buster, Child: {NS} 811: if you had- if your crop was small, you use a two-row center tree that makes your mules was far apart. If you didn't have none right in the middle where you was uh well your best- you busted it was uh on each side. And after your crop got big, {NS} sometime it was um too big, you have to use just one. {NW} What you would do, you would hit {D: your two up} and you would tie one on the end and you would go on and and work about a hour and a half. {NS} that one would get dark. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 Hello. # 811: you come on back and just unhitch that and hitch the other one. {NS} So like #1 that uh # Woman : #2 {X} # Child: {NS} 811: give uh Woman : {NS} 811: both of 'em a chance, you wouldn't just wear one out. Cause if you wouldn't do that, you'd have to {NS} Interviewer: Hello. {NS} The uh {NS} the horse on the left was the Woman : {NS} Interviewer: well, when you were using a middle buster, did you ever use a- {X} In other words, y- you know what the off horse was or the lead horse? Woman : See what I have here? 811: Oh that was uh Woman : Sit right there and wait. 811: well, what it was when you had Woman : You understand? 811: you had a horse that would pull on a certain side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: You had one Child: {NS} R was left and G was right. Interviewer: Oh. 811: That was the {X} Child: {NS} 811: Now Child: {NS} 811: if this horse had been pulling on the left side, wasn't no need to put him on the right side. Cause he had a tendency to pull with his head out {NS} and some of 'em wouldn't pull at all. Child: {NS} Woman : No. No. {X} spells what? Interviewer: The uh Woman : Be quiet. Interviewer: now when you were pulling a horse, Woman : {NS} Interviewer: pulling a wagon, say with four {NS} horses or four mules, you'd use {NS} the the two in the front were the? {NS} 811: That was your lead one. Child: {NS} 811: I didn't see too many like that. No, I just seen the single ones. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Just two? 811: Yeah. Or like uh Child: {NS} Woman : I just gave you one. 811: during uh when it's cutting rice and stuff like that {X} Child: {NS} 811: and you had to have a good team. You had big teams Child: {NS} 811: you know, big mules or big horses, whatever you had. Child: {NS} Cause you had uh not a whole lot to pull. {NS} Interviewer: Now suppose you came to a- say a log in the road, Woman : Wait. Interviewer: What'd you do? 811: Uh usually it's very, very seldom you'd come to a log. But if you did and you you had a chain or something, you just could one hook uh one hook 'em off the wagon and uh Child: {NS} 811: Well you was just {X} pull it off. Child: {NS} Interviewer: You'd- you'd dr- you 811: Just uh Interviewer: you'd tie the chain to the #1 log and # 811: #2 that would # Interviewer: #1 did what? # 811: #2 Yeah. # Uh to the log or to the wagon, or either one hook off the wagon. Interviewer: And 811: And just take it and pull it on the side Woman : {NS} 811: cause there wasn't no danger, nobody coming in the car or something to run over it Interviewer: Yeah. 811: like it is now, if you see a Interviewer: The horses just dr- it's Woman : {NS} 811: That they would just uh Child: {NS} 811: hook on #1 to it # Interviewer: #2 They were strong # enough to 811: Yeah, to pull it off. Interviewer: to drag it off? 811: Yeah. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Now, when you were did you have any land here that you had to get, say the brushes the brush and the trees and the stumps off of it? 811: Uh since I've gotten a little older, uh we cleared some. Um after I came on this uh rice farm, what we used was uh well that was pretty early {X} pretty far back. They used dynamite to dynamite the stumps out. Child: {NS} 811: And the pieces they had, they use old tractors and stuff to Woman : {NS} 811: to pull 'em out. And later on, that's when they started using bulldozers. Um I cleared quite a bit of land myself with one. Child: {NS} 811: With um brushes and stuff and {NS} stopped up uh {NS} all kind of drain ditches. I as I grew up, cause I run one I bulldoze it about about two years and a half Child: {NS} 811: on the farm. Child: {NS} 811: But I tell you, it was a whole lot easier with a bulldozer than it was with that dynamite Child: {NS} 811: and them old tractors. Cause with a- with a bulldozer, you'd clear about Child: {NS} 811: about a acre and a half a day. Child: {NS} 811: And with that dynamite, if you cleared a acre a week, you had cleared a whole lot. {NW} {NS} And the trees wasn't half as {X} mostly all you had was old tree stumps. Then you had to dig up under there and set a charge and Child: {NS} 811: run and hide yourself. And half the time, the charge wouldn't blow up out and go back and reset it again. Child: {NS} Interviewer: And after you blew it out, you had to? 811: You'd pick up the sticks and then all the way that never did blow it all out then you had to hook the chain on it Woman : {NS} 811: and try to pull out what you could. Woman : {NS} 811: So that meant plowing in there in about Interviewer: It was tough. {NS} 811: For about the next five, six years, you had to be particular. You'd always have your equipment in there trying to plow cuz you always hitting more stumps and stuff. Woman : {NS} 811: And therefore if I found one at the {X} you'd start about five years before you wanted to use it. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Um what did you keep your your say your fi- your plow sharp with? You have anything? 811: Uh they had what you call a blacksmith shop Interviewer: What'd you keep in there, say? 811: Uh well Child: {NS} 811: they had a special name, you had to take it to it. Um Interviewer: This was on the farm here? {NS} 811: uh no he was uh more or less like in town. Child: {NS} 811: Like if you uh Child: {NS} 811: like on your plow points, you mighta had four plow points. {NS} Uh most people had about {NS} about two per uh one of 'em would last about a week. Child: {NS} 811: All depends on what you was doing. You'd take it to him I think it was something like fifteen cent. Uh he'd use charcoal when he'd heat it Child: {NS} 811: get it red red and take a hammer and beat it until it would get pointy pointy. Child: {NS} 811: And Child: {NS} 811: uh Child: {NS} 811: {D: You would grab one} you would carry one, you'd pick up the other one. Child: {NS} 811: Or either you'd carry 'em both it'd take him something like maybe fifteen, twenty minutes to do it. Woman : {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Um {NS} now some of the things that you'd {NS} well {NS} have around there to say, sharpen an ax on, you'd {NS} 811: Or a emery wheel? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Yeah. Child: {NS} 811: Uh you could sharpen my ax uh uh Interviewer: What about something that you would use to work off and on 811: Oh what would they have called that? Child: {NS} 811: Uh shoot. I forget the name #1 of it # Interviewer: #2 You use some sort of # wet uh {NS} 811: Uh you had a a grindstone and a hand stone. {NS} That's hand stone uh {NS} {D: Most of 'em was water stone.} You have to use water with 'em. Child: {NS} 811: You had a Child: {NS} 811: a knife Child: {NS} 811: uh that's it. {NS} You could put it on your hand stone, you could sharpen your knife. Woman : {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever uh play games with those, you know, when you were a kid? 811: The knives? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh as we got a little bigger. When we were small, we didn't play with 'em. As we got bigger, uh we had cousins and stuff would come around and they'd get uh {NS} Woman : Pick up those cards. 811: some of them um Woman : I'm gonna whip 811: dates that uh {NS} Woman : I'm gonna whip you. 811: they had a few, we never did own none. And uh we'd play with 'em like that. Try to stick 'em in trees and stuff. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Uh now {NS} yeah, and another game you'd play, y- there was a {X} you know, and you would {NS} You ever do those? 811: Uh no. Child: {NS} Interviewer: #1 Stick the {X} in the ground # 811: #2 You had some # Interviewer: #1 and try # 811: #2 some rings # or either uh horseshoes. Mostly it was rings where you had some little old rings and you {NS} #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 You would? # 811: Yeah, I don't even remember the name of it it's been so long. Child: {NS} Interviewer: And what would you do with 'em? You would? {NS} 811: Uh well y- you'd kinda draw a line and try to rope the {X} Child: {NS} 811: Uh like each one had something like three or four rings that Interviewer: And you would take the ring and? 811: And pitch it. Pitch out a rope, there. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Um {NS} now your father, when he shaved, did he ever use a straight razor #1 or would he? # 811: #2 No. # #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 He had a leather # 811: yeah he had a- a leather strap. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Course uh they used to cut hair Child: {NS} 811: him and uh Woman : Shut up. 811: the neighbor, they would cut one another's hair. And they used a- a straight razor and a a leather strap {NS} Interviewer: Huh. 811: to sharpen it. Interviewer: Uh you comb your hair with a comb or a? 811: Yeah, you had a I don't remember what kind of comb you had Interviewer: Hair? 811: A hair comb. And a Woman : {NS} 811: hair brush. Interviewer: Yeah, you would use that. You would take it and 811: And comb. Interviewer: Or? 811: Or brush. Interviewer: Brush your #1 hair. # 811: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Um did y'all burn coal around here much? Uh did you ever did y'all ever remember burning coal? 811: The schools would burn it. Interviewer: Okay. 811: And uh Interviewer: {NW} 811: some very few people in town would burn it cause they uh that some people {D: in town would burn it cause} they'd get it for the school. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh Interviewer: Near the- near the stove in the school would be a where would they keep it in? 811: Uh they had a Interviewer: They'd make? 811: a pile outdoors and uh they had a coal box in in the corner of the school. Interviewer: Okay. And they'd carry the coal in in- in a- in a what? In a? 811: A little old container. They had a little shovel you uh and a little old coal bucket they would call it. You go down there and pick up your your coal and put it in there, and then you go pour it in there. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And then you Woman : Down here. 811: {NW} Interviewer: Can you now in this day and time, what do you use for transportation? You drive your own? Woman : Come here. 811: For uh this day? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Oh well we got a automobile. Interviewer: Do you drive your own? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: In other words, you can yo- you usually you feel up to it now or? 811: Well #1 like a # Interviewer: #2 When did you get your first # 811: uh my first license, I was fifteen years old when I got it. Woman : Wait. 811: And my first automobile, I must've been about twenty, twenty-two when I got it. Child: {NS} 811: Hope I can drive right now. {NW} Couldn't be off for three more months. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: Guess I'm gonna have to Woman : Wait a second {NS} Interviewer: When you first got it, you probably 811: Oh yeah, I enjoyed driving it then. Woman : {NS} 811: Just like a kid with a new toy. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Where did you go? Like 811: Uh {X} uh I was newly married then, about six months. {NS} We'd go up and back to the {X} and Child: {NS} 811: go visit the brother-in-law. {NS} He never did take no long trips. Uh {NS} afterwards, after w- uh we had a couple of kids, well we started going to Texas every now and then. I had a brother living over there. Woman : {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: And uh we would drive up there {NS} over the weekend. Interviewer: When uh {NS} when you uh on the wagon, when the wheels started squeaking you did you had to? 811: Uh you had to pack 'em uh you had wagon grease. You had to uh on your wagon, on your tongue you had a- a pin that would stick in there to hold uh {NW} #1 hold your tongue. # Woman : #2 {X} # 811: but on that that pin, it was a wrench, too. {NS} And what you do when your wheel would start squeaking, you'd take that wrench and you'd unscrew the hub off it. You pull your wheel off, and with some more grease in a bucket, and you just take a stick {D: and pass and then} pass it on that hub and slip your wheel back {NS} Interviewer: You grea- you 811: Grease the hub. It would cure it. Interviewer: You got your hands all 811: Well, you could uh if you'd use a stick, if you had a stick, Interviewer: You wouldn't get your 811: you wouldn't get your hand greasy. But you had to be more than one cause you didn't have no jack. You had to use a long pole for leverage to raise it up. Uh you had one man he could balance the pole Interviewer: Yeah. 811: we could hold it up. Interviewer: I see. Uh what did you have around the house you know, that you could carry heavy things in? Can you think? Say, with a wheel on it? 811: Uh, you had a wheelbarrow. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um now the- those old those old uh wheels had a- on the cars, had inner had something inside the tire, didn't it? You know, the inner 811: Uh inner tube. Uh and them day and age they- {X} a rubber tire with an inner tube. Interviewer: On the ti- on the cars? 811: Oh, you mean on the cars. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Oh, yeah y- uh you had a- a tube in 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Now you said you'd like to go fishing a lot? 811: Well in them time w- we loved to go fishing. Interviewer: Down here? Where? Di- anywhere around here? 811: Uh #1 Yeah just # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 811: uh anywhere we could find a hole that had fish. We would go in but then as I got older, I much rather to hunt than to fish. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} What would you what'd you put in what'd you have to hunt with? {NS} 811: Well, when I really started hunting I I started hunting with a gun. Child: {NS} 811: After I I grew up and got pretty big Child: {NS} 811: and I got me a couple of dogs, took me about Child: {NS} 811: four or five years before I could get the kind I wanted. Woman : {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. What'd you have first? 811: Uh {NW} thinking about the first set of dogs I had. Uh Child: {NS} 811: I bought a Child: {NS} 811: bought me so- a couple of 'em. {NS} I left for about five days ago on a duck hunt and somebody went and Child: {NS} 811: opened the pen and stole the- stole the dogs. Okay in the next couple of years, I bought me some more. They got out and they got killed. And then I decided, well if I'm gonna spend money Interviewer: By a car? 811: Uh Interviewer: By a car? 811: dogs. Interviewer: How'd they get killed? 811: Well, yeah the cars. They went up to the highway and the cars ran over 'em. And then usually if you get a young dog, it'd take you a couple years to train it. And if you don't train him yourself, you just ain't got nothing. So I started off with one young dog and I give up on {X} to heck with 'em, I'm just gonna leave {X} And that day she started hunting. {NS} And I got me another one. And with the two I got right now, I wouldn't take five hundred dollars for 'em. Interviewer: Really? What kind of dogs are they? {NS} 811: Uh one of 'em's a beagle and the other one's a {D: a cross} beagle. {NS} We do rabbit hunting. {NS} Woman : Pick up those cards. {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Um {NS} now in a pistol, you put now in a shotgun, you put what? 811: Shells. Interviewer: But in a pistol you put? 811: A bullet. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Or a rifle, you put? 811: A bullet. Interviewer: Okay. You call, you know you ever fire when sometimes when they might be firing blank? 811: Uh cartridges or Interviewer: Huh? When they're not firing real shells, they're firing blank? 811: Um blank cartridges. Interviewer: Okay. Uh did uh now, when you went fishing, what did you fish in, any? {NS} 811: Well uh we used pitchforks. We didn't have no sand then, we would take us some grass sacks and uh it was usually holes in the bottom. You could almost see the fish in it. Child: {NS} 811: We'd take uh Child: {NS} 811: some grass sacks and tie 'em together. Child: {NS} 811: The county had blocked the fishing, go there with some forks. {NS} And we'd catch a half a grass sack of fish in about fifteen, twenty minutes. Woman : {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} When you went out in the water, what would you go in? Uh would they have anything around here that people would go in the water in? 811: No. When you go in, you go in, you go in a foot you didn't have no boat uh skiff or nothing. Woman : {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} What'd what'd they call those narrow kind of boats they had around here? 811: What was uh they had pirogues. Woman : {NS} Child: {NS} 811: Uh Child: {NS} 811: the only people you seeing with them in them time it was uh Child: {NS} 811: big companies like uh {NS} that they'd s- surveying and stuff. But uh you take like a Child: {NS} Woman : #1 Right now. # 811: #2 Any # private individual, they didn't they very seldom they had one. Child: {NS} 811: Was mostly just companies that had 'em. Cause that was something when you would see it was was rare everybody when they would see one like that, everybody run to see what it was. {NS} They had never seen it or either they didn't know what it was. Interviewer: Were they expensive, mr {X} 811: I- I don't know. Uh whether they was expensive or not. Interviewer: Yeah. But- folks wouldn't have their own boats around here? In other words 811: Not in them time, in uh like in the olden time? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: I {NS} I remember seeing uh some fellows were surveying uh this b- bog and that's the first boat I had ever seen. Child: {NS} 811: I thought that was one of the craziest things I'd ever seen further out there paddling in that boat Child: {NS} 811: from one side of the bog to the other one. Interviewer: You ever seen 'em build one? 811: Uh I seen 'em build after I grew up. A- an old gentleman uh out there by Sweet Lake that build his own. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Okay. And after he would built the boat, he would? 811: Uh he had to Interviewer: When he was testing it out, you'd say he was? {NS} 811: but it- it'd during the- when he built it he can't build it in the rainy season. Child: {NS} 811: It's got to be dry Child: {NS} 811: for the growing stuff and then uh Child: {NS} he- he don't take 'em out and test 'em. Uh other way he built 'em for they- they test 'em theirself. {NS} 811: And uh Child: {NS} 811: if they got a Woman : {NS} 811: any Child: {NS} 811: thing that's wrong with 'em, they bring 'em back and redo it. {NS} Woman : Pick up the cards. 811: Cause he's a older gentleman that's retired and uh {NS} they say he don't Woman : Steve. 811: he don't feel like going take 'em out in the water so all he does is build 'em. Woman : {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh Interviewer: When you're putting the boat in the water, you say you're? 811: Well, what you're doing, you'd either be testing {X} it launch the boat there. Interviewer: Uh now {NS} when a woman wanted to buy say, a dress of a certain color, {NS} she'd use a piece of cloth as a? {NS} 811: Uh Interviewer: She'd take that to show the {NS} for a what? To use as a? 811: A- as a pattern of what she wanted. Interviewer: Yeah. Well, you know, when she was going to the dressmaker's or something like that? 811: Oh yeah. Interviewer: She'd take a piece of cloth to show 'em the kind of 811: Material she wanted. Interviewer: that'd be a kind of a? A what? She'd call that a s- a? {NS} Well okay, when you- when you get things here in the mail, do they- they send you a free? 811: A sample. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} That's what I w- you know, was kinda the thing she'd call a sample. 811: Yeah. Child: {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} your mother, you said, would make a lot of your clothes and things like that? 811: Yeah, she'd make uh underclothes and quilts, bedclothes and stuff like that. Interviewer: Can she make her own clothes? {NS} 811: She didn't do too much Child: {NS} you know, sewing for herself, you know like uh dresses and stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 811: Uh Interviewer: Could she make a good dress? {NS} 811: I never knew her to make a dress. I- I knew her to make uh Child: {NS} 811: like our underclothes and uh {NS} and quilts. Interviewer: Were they good looking? They were? {NS} 811: I- I bet it was some of the finest I had ever seen. Uh the quilts and stuff she would make Interviewer: You say they were? {NS} 811: uh some of the prettiest I ever seen. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Woman : That's not 811: That's what I imagine that's the only ones I ever seen, the ones that she made, but I thought they was Woman : {NS} 811: they was well-made. They was fine. Child: {NS} Interviewer: They were mighty {NS} 811: They was mighty good #1 looking and # Interviewer: #2 mighty pretty? # 811: Yeah. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} {X} she'd say this quilt is- I mean this dress is? 811: It's special. Interviewer: Or or this one is pr- is? 811: Prettier than the other one. Interviewer: This one's even? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Even cu- 811: Prettier. Interviewer: Prettier. {NS} Wi- what would she wear around her dress in the kitchen? 811: A apron. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Uh okay now when was it you bought your first uh {NS} when you you what were y'all for clothes, you'd wear? {NS} {NS} Like okay. Your father, what would he wear to s- 811: Uh uh Child: {NS} 811: boy he'd wear overalls. Child: {NS} 811: Uh Interviewer: Yeah. Round the farm? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh okay. Now {NS} when did you buy your first {NS} 811: Uh Interviewer: uh 811: bought my first pair of shoes, I was fifteen years old. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Really? 811: Uh-huh. And I remem- no, I wa- I was uh nine. I remember I bought a pair of white shoes. And I kept them shoes till I was fifteen. Child: {NS} 811: I was nine years old when I bought my first pair of shoes. Interviewer: {NW} Okay now on Easter you might go to church and you see somebody's got on a a {NS} 811: A new outfit or new suit or something. Interviewer: Yeah. Um {NS} now what would it- if it had three pieces, it would have a what? 811: A vest. {NS} Interviewer: And a 811: And a coat. Child: {NS} Interviewer: and? {NS} 811: Pants. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Pants. Okay. Uh {NS} okay, your other names for what you might wear round the farm? You might just wear a pair of like you have on, a pair of? {NS} 811: Uh a pair of uh pants. Child: {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. Um {NS} now you know you you say {NS} this coat won't fit this year, but last year it? {NS} 811: It fitted uh but might've got a little heavier. Interviewer: Yeah. You know you know how {X} when you pick up some weight. 811: Yeah. You have to Interviewer: You decided this year it won't fit, but last year it? 811: It fitted fit- Interviewer: Fitted. Um if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets, it makes 'em 811: Make 'em stick out. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. Like when you were going down to {NS} pick up a lot of nuts of some sort? {NS} 811: Uh picking up pecans and stuff and Interviewer: Made 'em? 811: Made 'em puff out. Interviewer: {X} {NS} Woman : Don't you get outside. {NS} Interviewer: Is th- is that somebody here to visit you? 811: Yeah, excuse me a minute. {X} Interviewer: Okay. 811: {X} {NS} Uh {NS} {D: the charity} Child: {NS} 811: he asked for my wife Child: {NS} 811: and so he came in there and uh Child: {NS} 811: and brought it Child: {NS} 811: cause he wasn't supposed {D: the other time he uh was uh supposed to bring it} {NS} but he took it on his self and he had just drove there that afternoon and he drove back to Lafayette that night. And then back to Baton Rouge. {NS} I {X} but he didn't talk to him Child: {NS} 811: uh said that happened. {NS} Interviewer: And brung your boy back. 811: Yeah, he brung him back to life yesterday to the hospital. {NS} And then w- was the {X} thing about it you know my boy went for caretaker. Uh they pay him uh Child: {NS} 811: each kid got a pay, I believe it was three dollars. Child: {NS} 811: {D: They had someone's paycheck.} he was uh well, like my boy, too but he was going for caretaker but he had to put three dollars uh for somebody to take care of his {D: care} And uh I don't know how many animals they had. But uh he went Woman : {NS} 811: and uh he told him he didn't have to worry about going back to shoo his animal {X} gonna have somebody to shoo it for him. But my brother-in-law took him back over there. And they were supposed uh they went to {X} come back till Tuesday. Child: {NS} 811: And you know they sent his check for caretaking? Child: {NS} {NS} 811: Um they said that they felt that he deserved it cause if it wouldn't had been for that, he would've been there to they had to take care of the animals. {NS} And {X} accept it from my boy them kids wasn't supposed to go there till they was fourteen years old. Child: {NS} 811: And he let him went when he was twelve for caretaker. Child: {NS} Man: {X} your son {NS} decide {X} kid about uh {NS} fourteen, fifteen year old. 811: And you know he was the only black boy Child: {NS} 811: in the group. Child: {NS} Interviewer: How old's your son now? 811: Fourteen. Interviewer: Is that all? 811: Yeah. {NW} {NS} Man: Well, I- I tell you my my daughter and him, do you know they drive {X} together {X} 811: Uh from the {X} Man: Yeah. And uh #1 {X} # 811: #2 {NW} # Man: Crowley. And they was about the two biggest kids. And now {X} she little bigger than him, #1 though. # 811: #2 Oh # Man: {NS} You oughta see a oh boy I- I tease her all the time. She always every- every time she'd {NS} uh get back in the evening she'd sit down a little while, she'd go yes {X} Well I said Virginia, why do you sweep so much? {NS} Dad, I be {X} Oh, come on. I said you're too big already. I said you should get out in the yard and go {X} or eat a {X} do something Cause I said that's why all the boys won't {X} Boy, she get mad then. {NW} {NW} 811: But he- he'd get out there, he'd work. And the bigger girl, she like that, she like to eat. Boy #1 she # Man: #2 Yeah. # 811: Oh. Child: {NS} 811: And he weigh about a hundred and ninety pound. Child: {NS} Man: {X} that's a big guy for as young as he is. Yeah. 811: {X} Child: {NS} 811: one day he wanted to he wanted to play football. He had started to play football, but he got that tha- uh that feel that he's gonna have a champion calf. Child: {NS} 811: He got that {X} {D: chores} Man: Mm-hmm. 811: {NS} He started to feel that {NS} he was gonna show a champion calf before he finished showing. And you know it come close. {NS} Man: Yeah? {NS} 811: He was second in his class. Man: Yeah? 811: And uh all the other boy had to do was uh the one that beat him if he'd have beat the other calf, he'd have had a chance to go in there for {X} Man: Yeah? {X} 811: And um and that's when he got in his mind uh he other than that, he would've played football. Man: Yeah. 811: But now he done changed his mind, he wanted to show a champion calf before he he finished school. Man: Uh-huh. {X} 811: {NW} I was surprised he Woman : {NS} 811: I used to go see about uh take him out there to go see about his calf and stuff, you know {D: thereby uh} Man: Mm-hmm. 811: He went Child: {NS} 811: out there and looked at one Child: {NS} 811: and uh him and the fellow talked Child: {NS} 811: fellow told him to pick out anything he wanted. He had told him, he said if you c- come out champion, he said if I die, or something he said, you can go in my pasture. {X} my wife and uh that's him and {D: Miller} And uh {NS} with George. You can take any calf you want in my pasture. It ain't gonna cost you a penny. {NS} Man: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: -have here, and, and everything. Um, the soil, you said you, you could plow it pretty well with a middle buster? 811: Yeah, you had a different kinda land, but, uh, sandy land, black land. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And, uh, bottom land. But mostly, the highlands were, always had, uh, sandy land. You had a very few that had black land. Interviewer: Yeah. That, uh, the soil here is very-, can you raise a good crop on it? 811: Yeah, uh, you got about ninety-five percent of it that, uh, will produce just well as any, anywhere else, I imagine, after you put the ingredients you need. Anytime you start neglecting it, now, put half what you need in it, it- Interviewer: Yeah. But the soil here is very- 811: It's Interviewer: very {D: fertile}. 811: A farm, and, uh, it, it ain't a rich, rich soil. Interviewer: But it's- 811: It's- Interviewer: It's fertile? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh, now, the type land, say, that you, uh, the real black land, you call that, okay. Do you got any, cause it's kinda sandy, and, and it's clay, got sand and clay mixed in? Aux3: Yeah, you ain't got too much of that around there, though, you get, uh, that, uh, black, sticky land. Interviewer: They call that? 811: Uh, a black land. Aux1: It's something like a black {X}. 811: Yeah. And that's not bad for, I tell you, the big farm was, what you call, big rice farm, was, that's the reason you gotta buy so much equipment, if you, gotta work it when they just right. And they're just right, that means you ain't got more than about three days, after a rain, or before a rain, to get it, fixed the way you supposed to fix it. And if you miss that, you just gonna have to wait, maybe at a month, or three weeks, or whatever, you don't know when it's gonna get right again. So you gotta have enough equipment to get in there and do it right away and get out. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay, the place where you were raised up, is it any different from right around here? 811: No. It's, uh, it's about the same. Interviewer: Okay. You got water over there, or here? Like, how'd you get water onto the rice? How, how do y'all get water on the rice? 811: Uh, over there you have to use, uh, there, what you call a relief pump, {X} and you had, bay- made dam- a dam in the bog and hope it would rain, or somebody else would lose a little water for you to get some. Them time, they wouldn't plant more than about ten, fifteen acres of rice. I guess it was all, you'd get out there and, cut it with mule binders, and all that stuff, it, uh, and if you had a bad season, you'd get out there with them old sickles. Aux1: Yeah. 811: And that was no fun. Aux1: Well, I {X} I knew had to cut it with sickles, but I don't know where on the farm, and chopped it up by hand. Oh, they just wanna get {X}. Interviewer: Y'all, tell me about that, do you have to, when you cut the rods? 811: Uh, well, I, I never did do it, but I new that the first ride on the field, when they had the mule binded, they had to go around the field, and cut it with a sickle. That meant, they had to go all around the field with a hand sickle and cut it. #1 And # Interviewer: #2 And they tied it up in a- # 811: tied it up in balls, and then, you'd hook your mules up, and you'd go around with your, your {D: barn} Aux2: Yeah, and then you'd have to {X} all over down there in the {X} 811: And then you had to start {D: shocking it} Aux2: Right, in the back. {X}. Interviewer: Hmm. How much would you raise an acre? About, how much rice? 811: Uh, that'll make a- I don't know exactly, must have been about, Well, you had a, about a hundred and fifty pound in a sack. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How many bushels? 811: Hmm, so that must have been about, twelve or thirteen sacks, that, uh, #1 Yeah. # Aux1: #2 {X} # 811: No, not that much, about six {X} five or six sacks to the acre. Interviewer: They-, they were measured by bushels? 811: Uh, well, what you gotta do i- is break it down, cause it takes sixty, sixty-two pounds to make a bushel. And, they uh, the sacks they had, they had about a hundred and, uh, fifty pounds, in each sack. {X} instead of doing this {D: thing} Interviewer: Oh, that's how much you'd plant. 811: Uh, no, that's, uh, Interviewer: How much you? 811: that's what they would put in the grass sack when they're, back when they would harvest it. They'd put up, like a hundred-fifty pound, in a- in a sack, now, if you get a twenty-five pound bag when you buy 'em, well they, will throw you in a hundred and fifty pound bag. It makes you have to load it, on a truck, and truck it to the mill to get it dried, and cleaned. Interviewer: Yeah. Where was the rice grown, mostly? 811: {B} Well, you had, uh, most of 'em would haul at the rain, they had a couple of good places around Church Point over there, but they have to go or let it dry. You didn't have no, uh, Interviewer: And it was grown in a certain area? What would, would some land grow rice better than others? 811: Yeah. You had, uh, {X} if you had a hill, where you couldn't get the water too good, you didn't make no rice. But if you had a flat field, you could fill it good, get enough water, you would make, Interviewer: Yeah. Okay, now the highland farmers, what were they? Did y'all have any hills around you? 811: No, this, uh, we didn't have too, uh, this sure wasn't a hilly place. Uh, it was pretty flat country. Interviewer: Just a little {D: rising} land would be called a? 811: Well, you'd, uh, a knoll if you let, you know, Interviewer: Okay. Well, {X}, you ever heard, if you open the door, you hold onto the door? 811: No. Interviewer: Yeah, but you ever heard of, call that a knob? uh, {X} in land, call that too? 811: No. Interviewer: Okay, a knoll or something, would be just a little small? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: And, would the-, would there be any around here? Like, let's see, well, not a place where, where, say, the, the water had cut? Kind of a deep place, back in the woods, and there would be water standing there a lot of the time, you know? 811: Yeah, you get a whole lot of that. You get that out in the fields, too. But when they start going to farmers, they start putting out, pipe drops. Uh, what they'd do is, is put a pipe to drain the field. {D: So that, that it don't wash} it go through the pipes. But if you just leave it, year in and year out, it'll wash so bad, you can't do nothing with it. But the farmers doing, now they put, now everybody putting pipe drops. Interviewer: But, back in the old days, the water would make a what? Make a? 811: Uh, it'll, wash you a, I don't know what the heck they would call it, a gap? And, and, uh, in that time, in the olden time, I don't think it was as bad. Because your, your gullies when they're deepest, they, uh, and your water don't flow as much. Aux2: Mm-mm. It'll go on a float, you see, {X}. Cut a drainage, couldn't take it like you do now. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux1: Cause {D: she didn't like it}. Aux2: Um, we used to go, go ahead and, anyone could come in there and catch a fish and a crawfish, and everything, and now, you can't, you don't have it. Interviewer: Yeah. Did, did y'all, in other words, that place would be called a what? Where- 811: A washout. Because, uh, you'd think, if it would ran a, a six-inch rain, Interviewer: Yeah. 811: It might would take two or three days for it to drain off, drain off the fields. Unless your water level would drop, it would run off, bu what, what happened right now, you'd get a six-inch rain, and the water gonna go down about in a day. Your gully, gonna flow, and then your water's gonna start coming out the field, into the gully, and it's coming out a full {X} Your water done ran out your gutter before it drained off your field, and it's gonna, it will give a tendency to wash you, a gap. Interviewer: I see. A gap is just a little place, you know? 811: Yeah, it started as a little place, but it'll wash it. Interviewer: How big'll it'll get, they'll get? 811: Uh, it'll wash from the, if you got a, let's say a twenty foot drop, from the, the top of your field to the bottom of your gully. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: He's gonna wash about a ten-foot gap, no, no, from the field, deep. It'll wash you a gap, about five, six feet wide. And, if you leave it long enough, it'll wash it more than that. The more you leave it, the more it's gonna wash. Interviewer: But a gully is a, is a what? What is a gully? That's just a? 811: Uh, well, that's a place where, uh, Interviewer: Where there's water? 811: Yeah, for the water there. To drain off, Interviewer: Is it-, 811: the fields, and stuff, you know, Interviewer: Okay. So that you would cut in the field, for the water to drain off, now? 811: Oh, that would be a levee. Interviewer: Okay. Or a place, you know, that you dig yourself? For water to drain off? 811: Yeah, you can dig a, a ditch, Uh, but, uh, this canal, that's something that the, the state does. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: There's, uh, Interviewer: Digging ditches yourself? 811: Yeah. The- the state does, uh, Interviewer: But a gully doesn't have any {X}. What about something that would have a lot of trees, say, standing in it? 811: Well, that could be a gully, either, or a bog. Cause, uh, the gullies get a whole lot of 'em, that, uh go, but not a way they, they grudge 'em too often, you don't see too many, but the bogs. they have quite a bit of trees in. Woman: {NW} 811: And when they done, they, uh, they stays poisoned, them trees. And, when they'd ran a flood, the more rotten trees start to break up, and they go pile against, uh, bridges, and for it to, you know, to breathe and wash out, everything {X} Aux1: Them trees, and what did, you know, really {X}, the water over 'em, and they hit that {X}. {X} of the bridge. Interviewer: Really? 811: The same thing happened right down there, they go down there with a back-hoe, but what happened to water when it as high as it was, but I did, I just got on the bridge and mashed the trees down, and let 'em pass. And when they went down, we was supposed to go in and burn 'em, because all they did is just went on other side of bridge and got hooked on other trees. And they just pile up right there. Interviewer: Oh, now, just a little place where water would flow, would be a? 811: Uh, a drain ditch, yeah. Interviewer: Hmm. Have you got something, say, small, that {D: I'm buying}? 811: Uh, you got a gully. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Or a, you know what a {D:coolie} was? # 811: #2 Uh, uh, # #1 Well, # Aux1: #2 What's that? # 811: Uh- uh- that's just a fresh nail, for a gully. {D: The fishermen would call it a coolie.} Interviewer: Water doesn't run in a gully all the time. 811: N- uh, no. Uh it was very seldom, some gullies were running, but there were very few of 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Cause you take like that big, uh, gully that goes, uh, Child: {NW} 811: that passes, uh, by Mr. Greene and them over there. Child: {X} 811: Uh, it was very seldom you'd get a flow of water in there. Aux2: Oh, that time, you know, right after rain, but afterward, 811: If you'd get a dry season you'd, uh, of cattle, or, that you'd get for, uh, uh, follows, you were there for the cattle, and everything, they were drinking, well, if you get a, a dry season, they gotta pump water in it for the cattle to have water. Interviewer: Hmm. Oh, now, when you go back in the woods, you might run into, kind of, a low place. You know, 811: Yeah. Interviewer: where you might find a lot of duck or anything, or, uh, game back there, what's that? 811: Uh, you, you would call that a {X} there. Uh- that- in the woods, they got a, you don't find too many of them around here, but, uh, like, uh, in Jeff Davis Parish, uh, Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh, you'd find quite a few of them, cause that was, um, what you would call, some, uh, rolling country. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: You got a bunch of hills, and, uh, it rolls a whole lot. Interviewer: Do you, do you have any land around here that's so low, you may have to plow it later? You know, would have a lot of water in it, you'd have to plow it late, uh, to plant cotton there, or corn, or something? 811: Uh, Interviewer: down by the stream, #1 or something like that, you know what I'm talking about? # 811: #2 Well, you have to, you, you # get a, a pond. Too many people don't plant, you know, uh, cotton or something there, cause they, they just take the chance of, of losing it, cause if they get a rain, it's gonna starve it. Aux2: Oh, yeah. 811: So, too many, if they got something like that, they just leave it for pasture. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Our grazing is up there. #1 And, uh, # Interviewer: #2 That's all the what? That's just a-, # 811: Uh, uh, a {D: shloo} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Or, a piece of low land at, Interviewer: Um, now, the type, you know, you were talking about the type soil you had here, uh, real, um, thick soil, and, #1 low? You got # 811: #2 Yeah, we have that. # Interviewer: any loo-, low, sandy? 811: Yeah, you got sand in the, uh, sand they soil, too. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh, see some of those games on TV yesterday? Boy, they were some good ones. 811: Nah, I didn't, what I did? I think I was laying down. Interviewer: All day? Boy, you missed a couple good basketball games. 811: I, I started looking at a, uh, who it was? The, uh, what was it, Golden State Warriors, that? Interviewer: Yeah. Man, those guys are so big, have you ever seen 'em play? 811: Ah, not in person, I seen 'em, uh, uh, like, on TV. Interviewer: Oh. 811: You see that fight they had the other day over there? Interviewer: Uh-uh. 811: {NW} Well, actually, they two guards started fighting. Interviewer: Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. 811: And they end up, in the grass, I never expected, I would hear, hear a foot-, uh, basketball player. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: Didn't expect it in the footb-, in the basketball. Aux2: Someone got injured. 811: Yeah. They had to had it get on the court ball {X} Interviewer: Yeah, yeah, you oughta go, you oughta go to a game sometime, they way they're playing with us, sometime in New Orleans. I saw that {X} play. Boy, he is so big. 811: What about a, uh {X} Interviewer: You ever seen a man that big in your life? He could stop, he could go from the {D: fly} line and take one step, and just {NW}, jam it. Aux2: They should make more {X}. Interviewer: Yeah, they do. They sure do. 811: That, then, got to be-, they call it a contact sport. That's why- Interviewer: It is. 811: they do more roughhousing {X} cause a bunch of that stuff, they do that elbowing, and stuff, that's not necessary. They- they pass them elbows, there {X}. Aux1: Yeah, they do. I guess that's the name of the game, if you wanna win. Aux2: You got to- 811: There, here, the one that, that, uh, get the foul called on is the one that gets caught. The one that don't get caught, he don't get no foul called on him. Interviewer: {NS} 811: {X} Interviewer: It is in some ways. 811: You ever play football? Interviewer: Huh? 811: You ever did play football? Interviewer: No, my father wouldn't let me. Breaking, you know, break your arms, Aux2: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Yea, yeah, sure. # 811: But you know, that football, it is, uh, you pretty well protected. Some of them kids, I, well I, my boy wanted to play, I told him, I says, you wanna play? I say, you gonna have to make up your mind. Aux2: That's right. 811: When you go out there, don't have no mercy on nobody. But the fellow that's gonna hit you, he ain't gonna have no mercy on you. I say, if you go out there and hit a fellow, break him a leg or something, I said, you get to feeling sorry, says somebody's gonna hit you back. Interviewer: Yeah, right. 811: I say well, if you go out there, you just gotta make up your mind. Then do it to him before he do it to you. Aux2: I talked to my boys when they was young, in high school, I said, why don't y'all join football, basketball, {D: Trevor} told me, he said, if a fellow bumped me, {D: there done}, I know you done it deliberately, tell him, I'll get mad, I'll hit him. And I said, well, you can't play, not that way, I said, but he say, I look at them fellas, some of 'em, they, they do it deliberately, and, you know, and a lot of time, the referee don't see it, and, and he said, right there, he couldn't stand it. 811: But, you know, a game like that, it is, uh, it is a team game. If you go into the huddle, and there's a number twenty-two elbowing my son, I can't get there, the referee {D: he might've seen he did} so you, you pass him a {X} Interviewer: Did y'all have any rough games when you were coming up? Would y'all play that any, or? 811: No. Interviewer: W- did you ever have a game where, somebody told me about a game that was pretty rough, they would take a, a can, and some sticks, maybe, and beat, you know, beat the can around, try and get it, hit it between each other with the sticks, or something like that, never played that? 811: Mm-mm. Aux1: No, I done saw kids play, that's a real game. Every time they'd swing at the can, and lift the, can and {X}. {X} Interviewer: Knock out somebody. Aux1: Yeah, knocked their teeth out. Interviewer: Uh, what about animals when you were coming up? Did you raise, raise them? About, now, you mentioned dogs, what kind or dogs did y'all have around here? 811: Uh {X} you didn't have, hardly no purebred dogs, then. #1 You had, # Interviewer: #2 You just had, # 811: you just had bulldogs, mostly. Most of your dogs was crossed with bulldog. Interviewer: Yeah. You'd call him, if he was a mixed breed, you'd call him a? 811: Uh, bulldog, you'd just call him a bulldog, either, a shepherd. Interviewer: You see those little ones? What'd you call them, those little dogs, yapping, noisy? 811: Oh, the little, uh, ah, uh, {X} Interviewer: Just the little fu-, uh, 811: #1 Feist. # Aux1: #2 A little feist. # Interviewer: Especially, uh, an especially, uh, worthless dog, could be a what? 811: It uh- it'd have to be a feist, would be. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux1: And, boy, he can yap, oh, 811: But in that time, you wouldn't see too many of them, though. Most of the dogs you seeing was big dogs. Aux2: There's right, them old German shepherd, and German police off-, a mixed breed, 811: And that was some bad dog. Aux2: No. Interviewer: Did you ever have one come, have you ever gotten a dog? 811: Uh, we had one, the, uh, they had it, and the only one could make him be quiet was my poor daddy. Uh, when he was working at night, we went, he had to had our old mule. And would hang around there, he killed that mule, he cut his throat. And they had some swing gates, and we was coming out there, and he was sleeping, down by that gate. And when he heard us, we was right there, and he scared us. And we went up on top of that gate, and he was trying to get up there at us. Interviewer: {NW} Aux1: #1 Here boy, you want some {X} # 811: #2 {X} # Oh. And poor daddy happened-, uh, well, who else they had working there? They had another fellow, he seen the dog after us, we heard a pop, well, where, took us up, and we had dropped about everything, so he came out there, and nobody else couldn't hit that dog, we picked up a stick, and he hit that dog {X} But he wouldn't try to growl back at it, he just would lay down there. Aux2: {X} 811: And anything he would tell, that's the only one that dog would listen to. Aux2: Oh, boy. 811: And them old dogs would kill more mules, and stuff, and they used to make them dogs fight a whole lot. They'd bet money on 'em, if you had the best dog. Aux2: Yes. 811: They wouldn't guess the law like it is, not him being anywhere down the road. Aux2: Yeah, and make them money. Interviewer: Um, did you ever get dogs? 811: No, I never get dog-bit. That was the closest I had ever come, to a dog bite. Aux2: And you was afraid. 811: That rascal, he would've bit, bit my brother. but when he was done, he was grabbing for his throat. He could have caught his leg, but that was a dog he never grabbed for, for your leg, or your head, #1 head, or you grab. Oh, yeah, he-, # Aux1: #2 {X} kill him. # 811: {NW} Interviewer: Where did he go for, he went for your? 811: Uh, he went for, hi-, for my brother's throat, and he was getting on the gate at the same time, and he missed it. Aux2: It was really-, 811: Yeah. Aux2: {X} Interviewer: What did you say to your dog, when you wanted him to attack, or another person, or another, something else, or another dog? 811: They say, sic him. Aux2: Sic him. Yeah, boy. Interviewer: Uh, now, if you, if a dog was coming after you, was there a way that you would, you would, if you're walking along a road, you might? 811: Well, usually, one of 'em that came at us one day, but we, Interviewer: Pick up a, 811: A rock. And the only thing we had, that dog, we had that big old rock, and that rascal was coming, and we threw that rock, and he hit him in the mouth, that dog's teeth, the mouth started bleeding, it knocked some of his teeth up, that was a bad dog. And his master was standing up on the hill, looking at him. Aux2: And he wouldn't call him back? 811: No, he wouldn't call him back. Aux2: You know, he did with your neighbor, Mr. {X}. Aux1: You know, in them time, I'll tell you, them people were so {X} against the, the {X}. #1 How much it'd- # Interviewer: #2 I know, I know, # I, I know, for a fact, that, that, uh, white folks kept those kind of dogs, didn't they? 811: #1 Yeah. # Aux1: #2 You're right. # 811: And that dog, that made to bit us, that was the boss's dog. Aux2: And he {X}. 811: But you did, you had, certain group of people, but the rest of 'em, they was some fine people. But you had a group of 'em, like that, they would enjoy stuff like that. Then, you know, you went told that poor daddy, wanted them to whip us with that dog? #1 {X} # Aux1: #2 {X} # 811: #1 Could've killed both of us. # Aux1: #2 That dog could've tore {X}, and he, # Aux2: And if that would've happened, that we {X}, 811: He was standing right up there on the hill looking at me. He wouldn't hardly {D: know it, though} Aux2: You know, I got caught like that with a big ol' German shepherd. I was in {X}. So I left from by the truck, I was loading up corn, out of old {D: Billy}, and I went, 811: Did the dog live out there? Aux2: Yeah, when I swung at him, yeah, he got out the way, if he wouldn't have, uh, the way, I was gonna try to kick that dog, if I'd have- knock him with the {D: boot}, I was gonna pick it up and do it again. Cause, man, I'm scared of a dog. 811: I'm scared of a dog, too. I don't, eh, and you know, the way I feel I don't, if I've got a dog, I wanna keep that dog, we ain't gonna bother nobody's cause I don't want nobody's dog to bother me. Aux2: Right. 811: If I've got a dog in the yard, that's usually my answer, no yard dog, now. Cause I figure, somebody come. You got somebody coming here, you gotta be watching the dog, or- Aux2: Mm-hmm. 811: Or blowing before they got on to knock us up, if I don't see him. And when I go to somebody's house, if they don't wanna be bothered with me, or something. If I gotta stay out there and blow and start knocking and stuff, and they got that dog back in the yard, Interviewer: It's especially bad, when you go to their house, and they're not- 811: They're not there. Aux2: That's right. I got one that was, {X} but he ain't gonna bother, you know, nobody, anybody can stop him, you know, come and knock at the door. He won't bark, at least at night, if it's a stranger, he like to bark, but he ain't gonna try to attack. Cause, uh, I had a, a little small one like that. He was kinda lean, if it was his friend, he was gonna, bark, and, you know, go about, {D:and just race} but, uh, I never did saw him trying to, you know, jump on one. 811: I remember when we were small, we had a old black and white dog, we call him Spot. And, uh, I remember one year, poor daddy took pneumonia and that old dog would love to hunt. And poor grandma put that raincoat on, and went outside, he'd pull it off. If he had went outside to get some store wood, he'd pull that raincoat clean off. Aux2: Oh, no. 811: That poor mama would beat us, and we had them old wooden windows and stuff then, and you remember? {X} wooden window. She had take over the house, all of us they stay close to {D: oldie} If he'd get there one day was beating us, they said {X} {NW} That, cause, uh, she couldn't, or she'd whip us. It'd be us crying in the house. Shit. Aux2: He was going to- 811: He was coming after. Any boy that would hit us, like if we walked out in the woods or something, somebody would hit us, if we didn't have him tied or something, he was gonna, tied, he was gonna, he was gonna kill him, too. Nobody could've put a hand on us. Aux2: #1 {X} # 811: #2 {X} # Boys running- they thought we was rascals. Yeah, we knew- Uh, we'd do our kind of {X} early in the morning, poor mama wasn't gonna whip us cause she had to say curled up in the house all day. Boy, we could do all {X} Aux2: That's when you're always- 811: always she'd whip us at night, that dog would be to the window. to the door scratching, trying to get in. Aux2: Mm. Interviewer: The dog would want- 811: want to get in there, to attack her. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: If you'd just holler. And, and the fellow poisoned that dog. Yeah, that, tried to bark, and that it wouldn't set in there. and he had a dog. They wanted to make them fight, and they didn't wanna. So they kept on, kept on until they made 'em fight, and the other dog killed his dog. Cut his throat, and then he, uh, one night, there, they came home, they was playing cards. They was playing cards for gooses. Interviewer: For what? 811: For gooses. Uh, wild geese. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And they would take so many grain of corn, you know, a fellow would come in and buy, let's say, a dollar's worth of, of corn, that was, uh, a hundred, uh, grains of corn. Let's say, if you were, {D: could eat, though} I bet you had to have something like three-hundred. to win a, a goose. I said, if you had played till twelve, well, if you, just had a hundred-and-fifty, well, you give me a dollar and a half, and let him go. And if you, yeah, well, if you wanted a goose or something, well, if you want to put another dollar and a half, they would get my goose. And they, that fellow played, and, uh, Interviewer: {X} twelve, you mean twelve-? 811: Twelve oh clock that night. Uh, I think you played ''til about eleven oh clock. And we had the dog tied, and he went out the door when he left. The dog followed him, he got along the road, he poisoned him. Interviewer: What about other animals on the farm? You told me about the mule, that {X} 811: Yeah, we had a little mule, and-, you had a, Interviewer: Okay, now, but in a herd of animals, of cattle, you'd call the male? 811: Uh, a bull. But, uh, usually, you didn't have too many herds of cattle. You had, maybe, two or three milk cows. And then, everybody didn't have bulls, usually, when the cow would start the run, you'd wanna breed it there with-, Aux2: {X}. 811: Go take it to the neighbor somewhere that had a bull. Interviewer: Man, you call the-, other names for it? What would a woman call it, ever? Uh, do you ever hear 'em called a toro? 811: Uh, well, some call 'em bulls, other than that, they usually hear somebody say toro, but they, they never, they would, uh, in that time, it was just plain bull, he called that toro {X} a nickname there. Interviewer: Yeah. Would women say that? Okay. Would women? 811: I never heard that. Interviewer: As far as you know, bull? Um, now, the ones you would drive carts with. Did you ever see them? 811: Uh, um, Oxes. Aux2: Oxen. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: If you had four of those, you'd say, you were, had two? 811: Uh, yeah, two team, uh, oxes. Interviewer: Um, Aux1: I, I never did see a real ox. Aux2: I ain't never seen 'em in action, I've only see in on, uh, movies, and, uh, TV like that. But, uh, I don't think we {X}. 811: No, that happened before our time. Interviewer: Uh, if you, now, if you had a cow by the name of daisy, expecting a calf, you'd say, Daisy's gonna? 811: Uh s- uh soon have a calf, or, expecting a calf. Interviewer: She would, uh, she'd go back to the woods, when she was gonna? 811: No, not necessarily, uh, Interviewer: She was gonna come fresh? 811: Uh, uh, no, but they, what they usually try to do is, is close up. Then, you'd just about what time she was gonna have her calf, then put her in the pasture, where you could, kinda, keep an eye on her, as it was kinda important, if you had her milk {X} Aux2: {X} Has {X} to offend me. Interviewer: Yeah. Um, now, the male horse was a? 811: Uh, you didn't have too many, male horses, what they would breed with, was a jack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: There, uh, now, you'd breed a, a mule. Uh, to a jack. Uh, they wouldn't hardly breed no horses, that I remember. Aux2: {X} They would breed the horses with the jack, and the horses would carry a mule. 811: Yeah. Aux2: And, uh, 811: I- I didn't know exactly how #1 {X} # Aux2: #2 {X} Now, if you # breed, a, a, a donkey with a jack, they bring the donkey, {D: or even} a jack. 811: And so, what you had there, you had, about two or three people in the parish that had a jack. Aux2: That's right. 811: And the poor farmers would go down there, they back in that hard time of the year, they did- they didn't have the money to {X} Interviewer: {X}? 811: Or something like, well, I just run three or five dollars. Aux2: Three to five {D: something}. Interviewer: {NW}. And, 811: He just would miss that breed, was, during the time when, she was running. That might be either a year or six month before she run again. Aux2: Yeah. 811: And for the next time they get to {D: miss the mule}. Aux2: #1 You know, uh, # 811: #2 Yeah. # A breed. Aux2: I had, um, old mare like that, she come in heat, so I went to the fella, you know, the breeding with his {D:steer}, so he told me, he said, ten dollars guaranteed, well, I said, I can't pay you ten dollars now, I said, oh, I could give him about three dollars. So he said, okay. Now, I said, if I give him three dollars, will he {X}? And well, I said, now that's guaranteed? He said, that's right. {X} twelve more, wait 'em, she hadn't caught. 811: I work a many nights, for three dollars a night. Aux2: I remember, I, I worked from sunup to sundown, for seventy-five cents, daily. And that's when the sun rise, be there. When the sun go down, they {X}. That's right, that's long hours. And, um, And I see them all graduate, and start a family, {X}. And {X} better. Because, now, you couldn't wake up a five year-old kid for seventy-five cents a day. 811: But, you know, {D: I fear the damn time when I} when, I, I knew things was bad, then, yeah. But, when I was working, like, for, uh, for three dollars, three fifty, a night, or a day, when you went to the store, Aux2: That's right, you, the little money you have will go a long ways. But now, you go to the store with about fifty dollars, and make grocery, #1 Yeah. # 811: #2 Uh-huh. # You can come back with it all in one hand. And you could go to the store with a dollar and a half, and you could come back with Aux2: What all you want, with, all the grocery. {X} Aux1: You can't do it now. 811: Oh, cause I remember good, when we used to, and they, uh, end of the ye-, uh, during picking cotton time, they would give you, the cotton seed money, so your seeds was twelve or fifteen dollars. Aux2: You alright? 811: And you can go to that store, and you come back with the bottom of your wagon covered. Aux2: That's right, the {X}. 811: For twelve or fifteen dollars, almost anything you wanted to buy. You had a few piece of clothes. {NW} Interviewer: When you bought, say, when you paid your bill on time, or something like that, did the storekeeper, give you something, and say it was for? 811: Well, they'd usually give, uh, a pair of pants, or, either, a suit. Aux1: Or a hat, or something. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Did he say it was for? 811: For appreciation, or, your business, that you, you know, paid your bill on time, and, Interviewer: Well, what, what, what if he would give, say, the kids something, and say, that was for? 811: Well, if their kids was with 'em, somebody would give 'em a, a candy, or, Interviewer: Say it was for what? For? 811: Why, that would, uh, what the heck they would call it? Aux1: What'd they call it? Oh, {D: yim yowp} 811: {D:Yam yap} that's what it is. Aux2: {X} 811: {X} Call that {D: nyang yep}. Aux1: Yeah, {X}. But she, they, they stopped over there. 811: {D: The nya nyat} that was, uh, uh, Aux3: Jean? Excuse me, um, Lee said {X} meant to tell you to call Miss Barbara, and find out what she wanted to- Interviewer: Yeah. 811: They go around in a circle. Aux2: Mm. 811: and once you're on that circle, you know? I didn't wanna laugh. It's getting low, it's getting low, it's getting low. One Sunday afternoon, me and my wife have to go to the movies. Um, we got off, uh, I miss my street, some kinda way. But I hate that one sixty-seven, uh, Westbound. Aux2: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What kinda road is that? That's a? Aux2: Four-lane. Interviewer: Four-lane, yeah. 811: That night at one sixty-seven, that's a, Aux1: No, no, I know what you're talking about now. 811: At that {X} Aux2: {X} 811: Hey, you know, I hate that road, and that thing's cutting there straight through LaFayette. And all, I found myself, I was going to Aberville, and I had it, when I said, all this time, I've been running around here getting low. And that was on a Sunday afternoon. Aux2: Ah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 {X} # Aux2: You could see him, you couldn't, get too much traffic, 811: It was clean, all that, Aux2: Ah, I worked down there, by the floor. Three or four years, you know, {X}. {X} {X} Interviewer: Like what, what kind of roads? 811: Uh, you got, well, about, seventy percent of 'em is blacktop roads, now. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh, it used to big blacktop part of the way. Uh, before, you had about, uh, oh, by the last, uh, about ten years ago, you had about, seventy percent gravel roads. Interviewer: Gravel? 811: Yeah, about. That was about ten years ago. Interviewer: Yeah. Now, when you're in, in, uh, okay, now this road, that leads to your road, you said, is just a? It's not a main road, it's just a? 811: Yeah, it's a, what, what'd you call it, would be a, a service road for a farmer. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. What, now, a little road that would go off from the main road, would be called a? 811: Uh, a service road. Interviewer: Yeah. Um, do you, uh, do you got those kind of white, hard, paved roads? Hard, uh, like city side walks around here, any of those? 811: No. Interviewer: Like, one sixty-seven, what is that? That's just? 811: Uh, that, sir, that would be a, uh, hard-paved road. Interviewer: Yeah. It's not blacktop, it's? 811: No, that, that would be a hard-paved road. Uh, I forget the, the stuff they really called it. Uh, well, that would be a concrete road. Interviewer: Yeah. Did-, now, when you go onto Church Point, along the side of the road, uh, they walk on, something along the side of the street? 811: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you ever walk? 811: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Did they have a, back in the old days, they didn't have that, did they? Or, 811: They had a boardwalk, Interviewer: Yeah. 811: that was, boats. Interviewer: Do you know what the {D: bankett} was? They talked about a {D: bankett}? 811: Uh, Interviewer: Okay. 811: That was beyond, uh, {D: a bankett} of a gully, or a bog, that would be the hills. Uh, where they would spread out, and make kind of like a roll or something, on it. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux2: You ever been, uh, um, along the Mississippi River? Interviewer: Yeah. Aux2: Well, you see how they got a {X} on the hill? Interviewer: Oh, yeah. Aux2: And that's with the service road, down- Interviewer: Oh, yeah. 811: That's what you call a {D: bankett} Aux2: Yeah. Interviewer: Um, now, did, uh, when you were coming up, or, say, you said the roads, uh, would you drive your cows? Say, if you were driving your cows down to the woods, uh, what would you drive 'em on? 811: Uh-huh. Well, you had, uh {X} {D: More though} you had a little fence. Uh, you didn't, didn't necessarily have to get on the road, because it was always, uh, you could go through the field. Interviewer: And they'd walk along? 811: Uh, along, well, along the fences. Interviewer: Well from, from barn to pasture, would be, uh, you know, we never cut a little place? 811: Uh, a gate. Yeah, there wasn-, you didn't have a gate, uh. Interviewer: A place that they would walk in, you know? They would walk in, all the way down to the field, along? Aux2: Or you know, {D: when you needed to go in the woods}, You, you roll a fence, you know, and you make a trail that, you know, uh, you, you wouldn't have to run 'em, down the field, if you didn't wanna. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Yeah, a little, Interviewer: Cows? 811: Uh cows, there. Interviewer: Mm. Um, when you were, say, when you were coming to a man's house, like, out there, you got a? That's your? 811: Oh, my yard? Interviewer: Yeah. Well, you pull your car up in your? 811: Driveway. Interviewer: Driveway, but, something, uh, say, a long thing? Like, when you go to the, uh, to the fellows that you work for, have you ever seen those, uh, plantation? You ever been to a plantation? You ever seen those? 811: No. Interviewer: Okay. You know, they might have a big, kind of, tree line? Have trees over the road? What would they, what would that be? Just a? You were down to the {D: Daigles} here, this road is a? 811: Well, that- that was, uh, call that a, um, well, I guess a, Aux2: Farmer's Interviewer: Farmer's road, or something? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Um. But, you probably remember, back in the day, when the roads were? 811: Was {X} and then they became gravel. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Then blacktop, Interviewer: They use that, for what? 811: Uh, they use, uh, blacktop, this, uh, tar. Aux2: Asphalt. 811: Yeah, asphalt and tar. Interviewer: Yeah. Um, we were talking about the animals on the farm, uh, now, the male horse was a? 811: Was a stud horse. Interviewer: Stud horse, okay. And the female was a? 811: Uh, a mare, most of them were. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you, did you, uh, now, did you ever have, try to break a horse, or you couldn't stay on the horse, or anything like that? 811: No. Aux2: I didn't see him break 'em, did I? Aux1: Oh, I had a {X}. {NW} Interviewer: Oh, when they got those gravel roads, they, they had to put, 811: Shoes on there, on the horses. {D: Uh, on the sake uh} especially the {D: buck horses and the rye horses} That they would get rocks, in their foot, and they'd go lame. Aux2: Yes. Interviewer: Yeah. You nailed it into the? 811: Uh, well, you had to have a special, special man to do that, just like, that wasn't a blacksmith, but {D: the fellow that would beat the paw points was the} He would, uh, put the horses' shoes on. You had to trim those down, get the right size shoe. Interviewer: Trim all four? 811: Trim all four of the hooves, get the right size shoe. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And then, if you didn't, they'd usually have to bend it, or make one for it. Interviewer: Yeah. Now, you put your foot in the? When you ride the horse, you 811: #1 In the # Interviewer: #2 put your foot in the? # 811: stirrups. Interviewer: Yeah. Did, uh-, and you held on to the? 811: Onto the lines. Interviewer: Okay. Well, when you're riding in a wagon, you had? What to hold on to? You had? 811: Well, you had the lines to hold on to, but, uh, most of 'em had, uh, well, you had a closed-in wagon on either, some of 'em had seats on 'em, or you'd put a bench or something, there to sit on. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever raise sheep here? 811: Uh, we didn't raise, but there was a bunch of people, that raises 'em, and goats. Well, there in the old times, well, everybody, that's one thing they would raise, is goats. That they like on the Fourth of July. And they would, they, they'd dig a hole in the ground. And, uh, mix some corn cobs, put in there, and make a big barbecue, over that goat. Aux1: Yeah. {X} 811: For the goat. Interviewer: A nanny goat, or a? 811: Uh, any kind they could get. They wasn't particular. They could get a nanny goat, they would get it, they could, get a ram, they would get that. Aux2: And- 811: And they knew, some of them old fella {X} try to stick you with a {D: wool} Aux1: They could {X}. 811: Talk about a time the- the {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Then you had all that homemade beer, and stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux2: This was something else. That homemade, {D:home brew} was, better than that {D:deer den, and X} Interviewer: He was telling me about that. Aux2: I used to make it myself. Interviewer: Yeah, you said you had a place to make it, too. Aux2: Yeah. And, uh, talking about, shoeing horses. I used to do that, now, shoe my own horses. 811: {X} Aux2: Oh, boy. Yes, indeed. Interviewer: Uh, y'all, y'all raised sheep for the? 811: Uh, well, most people that- that raise 'em, uh, they would, raise 'em to sell 'em, for market. Interviewer: Sell the? 811: Uh, sell the sheep, and, uh, they would, uh, like, um, Aux1: Shear the-, 811: shear the sheep, uh, once a year, and sell the, the wool. Interviewer: Okay. Now, the male was called a? 811: A ram. Interviewer: And, the female was a? 811: Uh, well, just, uh, a female. Aux2: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um, now, the, the, the hog that you would breed with sow was a? 811: They had a bull hog, or, Interviewer: Alright. Uh, all the names? #1 What is, what, what, a hog? Yeah. # 811: #2 an, uh, a male, and, and a, a bull hog. # Interviewer: What, what would you call, now, what about, what would you do to a hog, when you didn't want him to grow up to be a boar, you? 811: You'd castrate it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, and he'd be a? 811: Uh, yeah, he'd just be up there all day. Aux2: {X} 811: Yeah. Use him for uh uh, yeah, that's what you call a slaughter. Aux1: Uh. Interviewer: He'd be a? 811: Uh, well, yeah, a grease hog, or, well, both, it'd be, that's what they would use, a grease hog. Interviewer: Grease hog? 811: Yeah. That's what they would use to make that hog lard was, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 811: There, crackling, and bacon. Interviewer: Oh. Now, when a hog was first born, it was just a little? 811: A babe. Interviewer: You say it was a? Uh, a little one, when it's first born, is a? 811: A babe? A little pig. Interviewer: Wh-, when it gets a little older, it's called a? 811: Uh, a hog. Interviewer: Okay, when they're grown, they're? Uh, well, you know what a shoat was? Uh, how big is it, would a pig have to get to be called a shoat? 811: Huh. Aux1: oh, not too big, when he get about so. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux1: Oh, so high, you know. Interviewer: Well, {X}, an unbred, uh, female, was a? Did you ever see an unbred female? What, what do you call it? When one that had been spay-, had been spayed? 811: Uh, yeah, it was, uh, oh, well, the same thing, just like a male, if you would cut him, if you had an unbred female, that meant you want to keep her. Interviewer: Okay. What was a barr-, you know what a barrow was, or? Barrow, or, a gilt? 811: Uh, that's different breeds of hog. You got barrow, gilt, and I never did know the difference, I, I went, uh, uh, to a hog ranch, a, couple of years ago, and the fellow was out there telling me about the barrow, and gilts, and he was showing me the, I never did know the difference, I couldn't see the difference, but-, Interviewer: Did you ever raise 'em? You never raised 'em. 811: Uh, we never did raise, uh, a whole lot of 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh, just for our own use, not, uh, for market. Aux2: {X} put, 'em, uh, {X}. I got everything there, put 'em in the {X} when you get home. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux2: And, uh, I went to see there, but, {D:you gotta stop doing my stuff}, so I said, no. If I do all the work around home, what are the kids gonna do? 811: You have to run and catch 'em before they get away. Aux2: Yeah, yeah. I say, you, you {D:look the man coming in}. Interviewer: Yeah, glad to meet you, I enjoyed talking with you. 811: Oh good, uh John {X} got #1 Do you, uh, # Interviewer: #2 Nice to # meet you, I enjoyed talking with you. Aux2: Okay, I enjoyed having Aux1: this conversation with you, {X}, 811: Come back. Yeah. You ain't gonna be gone away, you can come back tomorrow. Aux2: Oh, oh, I'm about to work tomorrow, I've got to {D: sit down} {X} with my whole {X} 811: Oh yeah. Aux2: I've got to {X}. then I'm gonna cut out her {X} 811: Oh, yeah, I do. {D: Well, it's kindly so.} Aux1: Yeah. {X} Aux2: Okay, sir. 811: Okay, sure, thank you for coming, John. {NS} Interviewer: Nice fellow, is he a farmer? 811: He, uh, he farmed almost all his life, ''til about, five, six years ago. And then he come off the farm, and, uh, he went to work for the railroad company. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh, hey, how you doing? {D: Joe Junior}. {NS} The hogs, you know, when you, the ones that, when they stand up on their back, when they've been? 811: Oh, a hair? There, usually, you'd, you'd get a bull hog, you'd get mad. And then have it stand up on, on the, uh, Interviewer: brist- 811: Of the {D: brisket}. Of, uh, Interviewer: Bristles back there? 811: Yeah. On the bristles, and Interviewer: Yeah. Did, uh, did you ever see any of the ones, that would come up, you have a name for a hog that'd grown up wild? 811: Yeah, you call that a wild hog. Usually, a, well, well, it went to hide from, uh, as far as I, I can see, I imagine, they, you'd get a hog that would go out in the woods, and you, well, you could pen it up. Cause, uh, they got a season on 'em, around there, where you can hunt 'em. Woman: {X} 811: Uh, they usually get in the Piney Woods. And, uh, they usually, oh, they get to be mean, too, if they got little ones, they'll attack you. Interviewer: They got them-, 811: Them, uh, long tushes. Interviewer: Did you, y'all got any, what are the Piney Woods around here? 811: Oh, your pines would be, uh, north, and west, see. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 811: Uh, cross {X} they start on the other side #1 of the-, # Interviewer: #2 {X}, # 811: Yeah, all back up in there. That's all you got back there, is farms. Interviewer: Call it Piney Wood river, {X}? 811: Oh {NW} Interviewer: And how'd you, uh, well, some of the, some of the animals, you know, when you see 'em around the farm, um, like, when a calf was being weaned, it would start making noise. 811: Uh, he would bellow, uh, well, you would wean it, roughly, he would bellow maybe for three, four days, many longer than that. Interviewer: When, uh, when it, kind of a gentle noise of, fo-, of, uh, a cow would make during feeding time, when you were feeding it, you know, you would start- 811: Uh, Interviewer: It'd begin to? 811: Uh, she would start to bellow, too, if it was eating time, and, and after you'd went in. Interviewer: Yeah, but kind of a gentle noise, you know, she'd make when you were feeding her, she'd go mm. 811: Yeah, she'd, mm, with that light bellow. Interviewer: Oh, uh, mooing? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Just starting to mm. 811: A little {D: booing} noise. Interviewer: You say, uh, uh, I think I'd better go out and, it's getting around? 811: Around time to go milk her and feed her. Interviewer: Yeah, did you have stuff like that you had to do, in the last part of the afternoon, or? 811: Yeah. Uh, do it out- you had to milk 'em in the morning. And in the afternoon, too. {X} Interviewer: That was, that dinner was? 811: That was, uh, oh, about, around five oh clock. Interviewer: Oh, five oh clock? #1 That was when? # 811: #2 Yeah, in the afternoon. # Uh, #1 oh, just about the time # Interviewer: #2 And you'd say? # 811: the day was done. Interviewer: You'd say, it's getting round about? 811: It's about time to go milk and feed. Interviewer: Feeding? 811: Feed and milk. Interviewer: Gotta run, go out and feed the? 811: The cow, and the chickens, the hogs. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: That's what you call your afternoon chores. Interviewer: Um, okay. How would you call 'em? 811: Uh, you had differently, your hogs, you would call 'em choo choo. And your chickens was keety keety. And your cow was chuh. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And, uh, usually, your, your mules, they wouldn't hardly come up, uh, Interviewer: They wouldn't? 811: Cause, uh, when you was waking 'em, you'd feed 'em, till you come out the field, you put 'em in the stall and feed 'em. Well, if you wouldn't wait to let us in, you would feed 'em. So therefore, they wouldn't hardly come up. Interviewer: Yeah. Now, you know, something higher than a hill would be a? You ever been up in a? 811: A mountain? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever been up there? 811: No, I never been. I ain't never seen a mountain. Interviewer: You have to go sometime. 811: Uh, Interviewer: Any place around here where boats would stop and unload freight? 811: Uh, Interviewer: On the river or anything like that? 811: The nearest place would be, uh, well {X} Interviewer: There's a what there? 811: There's a dock. {NW} Uh, yeah, they got a, a, big shipping dock, that's where they, in New Orleans, where the, big ship are brought. Well, that's where they ship, uh, from New Orleans {D: to Lake Shore} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: They ship all the rice from Louisiana. And then they ship from them through Dallas. Interviewer: Have you ever been down to the, to the, uh, down, and seen the water, down, big body of water below here? 811: Uh, I went down to the Gulf. I went into the Gulf, one time fishing, and, made myself a promise, I ain't wanna go back, never. Interviewer: Yeah. You, you like to fish? What, when you hunted, what, what do you find, what sort of game around here? 811: Uh, we love to rabbit hunt. The, uh, I, enjoy duck hunting. But, uh, it'd get too expensive. I can't afford it. And uh uh every year, the boss would take me out, with him. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Uh, duck hunting. I would enjoy it, but I would much enjoy rabbit hunting, cause it was, uh, it was less expensive, and it was more fun. Then, it finally got to start paying big money to game hunt. If you can afford it, fine, but if you can't, and I couldn't, so I didn't, I didn't too much care for it. Interviewer: Yeah. Well, um, I've been, uh, talking for a long time, I'd like to come back and talk with you some more about the sort of things you ate and cooked, and that sort of thing, if you have some time. 811: Okay, when, uh, you wanna- Interviewer: Would tomorrow be okay, you gonna be in tomorrow, or? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. In the afternoon? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Uh, imagine if you come back around two oh clock? Interviewer: Okay. Alright, you, you {X}. just {X} by after lunch, yeah? 811: Yeah, I gotta- my wife make me rest. The doctors want me to, Interviewer: Well, she, that, she's a good lady. 811: Oh, Interviewer: She'll keep you down. 811: In there, the first one I had, it wasn't, it wasn't bad. I did fine, but I didn't know how bad this one was, either. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Cause I didn't know what went on about for two weeks. And she was there with Mary B., you know, and just, watching me, going by, and I didn't know what the heck was going on. And she was been looking at me, day by day. Interviewer: When you went to the? 811: Uh, a hospital. Interviewer: Where? 811: Uh, well it, they took me to Church Point, they gave me a shot, and they transferred me to LaFayette charity. And, um, I went down the third afternoon, and I remember when I got in there, and, uh, they started giving me, uh, IV right away. Uh, after that, I don't remember too much of what was going on. uh, I guess, what it was, uh, I remember some of the things, I guess the bad things, I didn't want to remember. With the medicine and everything, I just put it out of my mind, cause I didn't want to remember it. And, first my heart was a concern. The doctor told me it was one of the worst ones he'd ever seen, he was about, thirty-five, thirty-six years old. And if he ain't never seen anything like that since he been a doctor, and, just with the heart trouble, it wasn't bad. And with all the complications I had afterwards, I had a lung that collapsed. And, uh, I had pneumonia. And well, I finally, they start to kind of bring my lung back, they, they had a, what they call it a, a pipe, I don't know what the heck it is, but they make you, it rolls, and you got to eat here, and it blows your lung up, and, uh, you gotta do it about four time a day, for about fifteen minutes. They would put some fluid in there, and that fluid would get in there, and kind of, blow it up. And, uh, right after that, they kinda cleaned some of that out. My stomach went bad on me. Uh, got all {X} They had to pump it out. They got that half of the x-ray done, uh, my bladder got infected. And finally I said, well, But they, uh, the doctors didn't worry about that, there. They was more worried about my heart than anything else. {X} But I said this wasn't my time to go. I can't do it. {X} The doctor don't understand it, he said I went back for my check-up. He said, I don't understand, he said, from what you come through, he says, you shouldn't be, strong as you is. Interviewer: What's your schedule now? I mean, do you, 811: Uh, Interviewer: Getting a {X}, typical day? 811: I can go on a walk, like, from here to the mailbox, at the end of the road. And come back, I can ride a little piece, I can't go far, I just started riding Friday. They wouldn't let me ride. And, uh, {D: I can't tie myself it, though.} And, uh, I at least lay down twice a day. I ain't gonna be {D: sure and don't tie myself, though} Interviewer: Oh. Friday was when I took you out to shoot, I didn't, I shouldn't have taken you out there, when, 811: Well, don't worry, I went, Thursday for my check-up, that's when he told me I could start riding. Interviewer: Yeah. Without your wife's permission, I don't think I should've taken you out {X}. 811: Well, we rode that little piece right there, she didn't mind. I'd been covered up for, for what, seven weeks, I hadn't been up. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And, after all the complications and everything, Interviewer: You've been just lay-, you've been in bed? You've been, 811: Uh, well, I stayed, uh, Interviewer: For the first few weeks, you just, 811: Well, I was in the hospital for twenty-five days. #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 You just laid uh # 811: there, start letting me get up about a week before. All I could do was get up and go to the bathroom. That's as far as I could do, and come back and get in bed. And I just could go when I needed the bathroom, I couldn't get up and walk around. Interviewer: That was the farthest you could go? 811: Yeah. That was, about, uh, that was the four weeks I was in there. Because the two first weeks, I couldn't remember nothing, they had me in intensive care, about, for ten days. And I wanted to get out of bed, they {D: said they} find out I was better off in bed. They said, I had more, give me more privileges {X} And, uh, then when I came home, I couldn't even go outside for a week. I'd just stay in the house, and just, walk around a little bit in the house. Well, it's gonna be a month, uh, {X} Interviewer: What time to do you get up, mostly? Uh, 811: I usually get up pretty early, I get up, uh, sometimes six, six-thirty. And I sit round the house, uh, till about ten o'clock, then I go lay down. Sometime I sleep, sometime I don't. I usually go to bed pretty early at night, though. Interviewer: Okay, well, if you have some time tomorrow you could sit and talk with me, I'd sure appreciate it. 811: Okay, if you'd come back around about two, I'd be here, if, Interviewer: Okay, fine. Well, I enjoyed talking with you, {X}. 811: {D: It's seasoning, or grease} Yeah, um. Interviewer: {D: I got some food there out in the car. I thought} {X} {D: I want to try a little bit of this slaw} {X} 811: Rice and uh {X} Interviewer: Yeah you mind if I try some over here? 811: Um, no go ahead and help yourself. You might not have another left if it's pretty good. Interviewer: That is good stuff. You like it? 811: Uh yeah, I wouldn't {D: go out of bed, but I can} Now that's made out of pork. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} 811: And I can't have no pork. Interviewer: Pretty good. {X} {X} How you been doing? 811: Oh pretty good. Interviewer: So Did you- did y'all go to church yesterday or did you go to that business your boss was having? 811: Uh, no my wife had just wanted to clean {D: because we're having a} a party next Saturday night. And they had got something else the other night and they wanted to have it cleaned for 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Did y'all have things like that when you were kids? In other words, people get together and you know people move around the floor, anything like that? 811: Yeah you had uh dances and {NW} Stuff like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh. 811: Put mustard on it and tenderize it. Interviewer: Yeah. Now you used to raise chickens, didn't you? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, the place where you kept your chickens 811: Oh you would call that a chicken house. Interviewer: Okay. You have a place for the little ones? 811: Uh yeah you'd probably call it uh {D: the brooder} It was uh you had but it was closed in. You had a top part that was closed in and then you had uh part of it that was screened. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: Where you could go out to catch air. Interviewer: {NW} Um now Okay the that was just a what? Kind of a place that just had wire around it would be just a little 811: Uh little chicken uh uh pen. Interviewer: Um. Now when you killed a chicken what was the piece that the children liked to have? 811: Uh well the wishbone. {NW} {X} And they'd pull on it, the one that gets the short end, I believe, had won and the one that get the long end had lost. {NW} Interviewer: Was there any rules behind who got the better one? {C: coughing} 811: Uh I don't I don't remember It's been Interviewer: It's pretty good stuff but it's not 811: {X} Interviewer: Well that's okay. It's yeah it's pretty hot. Um Now the inside parts of the chicken that you didn't 811: Uh the only thing that you wouldn't eat was like the gizzard, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: Uh the heart, and the liver. {D: And the rest of it} Interviewer: You called them the chicken 811: Uh well you'd call it the the the gizzard. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: The heart and the liver. Interviewer: Did you ever make anything out of that? Just scramble 'em all up and 811: {D: Uh rice dressing} You uh you you use gizzards and uh and uh heart and the liver to make rice dressing. Interviewer: Um okay. The inside parts of a of a calf or a pig that you would eat 811: But uh The calf you would eat the heart. You had uh what do you call it the {D: the debris} And that was your {NW} heart and liver. Uh and uh Interviewer: {D: do you know what the hasbits were? or uh} You ever eat liver and uh liver and the lungs? 811: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {D: You call it liver lights or?} # 811: Well lights, yeah, you have lights. Uh I just uh usually do it just uh you'd take a calf or something get it killed at the slaughterhouse, they ask if you want the debris. And obviously I don't rightly remember what all of it was but they'd have you know so much you can use and uh Interviewer: Look the inside parts of the chicken that you would eat was uh well what about the kind you would stuff sausage in? 811: Uh the uh the guts and stuff? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Right um what the Interviewer: In the in the pig or the 811: Yeah, the pig you'd use uh that to make sauce and then uh {X} You'd use the the entrails. Interviewer: Did you ever cook them themselves? Just cook the intestines? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Make what? 811: Uh you'd just make um you could boil 'em and pour vinegar with 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And even though you'd boil 'em, you could put them down {NW} {X} Interviewer: Pretty good but tastes a little grease um 811: Greasy. Interviewer: Um Did you ever have {D: chip oh} Well you know 811: Uh the ch- uh they call it uh What it was, chitterling? Interviewer: Yeah, do you? 811: Yeah. {NW} {X} Interviewer: Nah, well I-I've never had chitterlings, but I hear they're good. You know how how they were prepared uh. {NW} Excuse me. 811: You want some water? Interviewer: No, no I'm fine. Um Now What did you- when you were milking your cows how did you call in the pasture, what did you call? 811: Yeah usually uh {X} Back of the pasture somebody could just holler {D: chuck the hog, chuck the hog and then} {C: imitating call} Interviewer: Or or you know coi! where I'm from. So y'all would say what? 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: Yeah. {X} {D: If you had a nana she would} or ninety-five percent of the time she would come running. {D: The only way you had to almost go get one and milk them like there for} If you had to wean the calf, you'd still milk her. Cause she wasn't gonna come up if she didn't have a a calf and then if you wasn't feeding her Interviewer: She'd sit back down in the pasture and 811: Yeah {C: imitates mooing} Interviewer: Start to what? 811: Start to {X} Interviewer: When you're feeding the cow what kind of noise will she make? She'll start 811: {C: imitates mooing} {NW} She'll uh- you'll get out a little uh Interviewer: When when you were when you were milking a cow what did you say to her to get her to stand still? 811: You'd tell her {D: La porteau} El- Interviewer: {D: porteau?} 811: Yeah And what that- that- that was a French word I never did know what it was Um Interviewer: Okay. When you call the calf what do you say to it? 811: Uh You call it the same way you call a cow. Uh. Interviewer: Okay. Your horses and your mules? When you're getting them into the pasture? 811: Well you usually whistle at 'em. Uh they usually come. If you had 'em trained but if you wouldn't train 'em {X} If you're just wasting time calling 'em if you had a well trained where you could whistle at 'em they would come. Interviewer: What was the way to train 'em? I mean did you have a certain way you'd train 'em? 811: Not necessarily. If you would uh {NW} {D: The key to anything is if you get it and you started a habit} {X} To eat us up. You put 'em a little hay, a little corn, whatever. You was feeding. And at that time {D: It's a funny thing if you feed 'em} at four o'clock every day that's what time he was going to come over to eat. He ain't gonna hardly come hang around from two thirty to four and he'd come up at four. And uh you'd feed him at four and he get through, he go. Interviewer: Okay. Now when you got on a horse you'd say to him 811: Get up. {D: If you wanted them to start you'd throw them wool} Interviewer: Okay. What What if you really wanted him to take off you know? When you're riding him? You ever had any races? 811: Yeah. Quite a few. The last one that I had I promised to never race again. Interviewer: Why? 811: {NW} I fell off. {X} Hit myself in the back Interviewer: {NW} 811: back of the head and uh I messed up some uh discs in my back. I had to have a leg drew up on my Day bef- uh the one before I went to the doctor then he put me in the hospital. Interviewer: Leg drew up on you, what do you mean? 811: Well Well back when uh it's all bent Interviewer: Yeah 811: And thought I was limp you know when I got to the doctor he told me to draw it up almost a quarter of an inch. Interviewer: You mean the leg is shorter? 811: Yeah. They start- that's right. When he gave me some medicine for it he told me to try it for two days. If it didn't work, he'd have to go put me in a contraption in the hospital. But fortunately it worked and I didn't have to go. Interviewer: {NW} Um Now to call your pigs in when you're feeding them 811: Uh yeah {D: too-lee too-lee} {NW} Interviewer: Uh and sheep? You said you had sheep too. 811: Uh well we didn't have none but uh I knew some people that had some sheeps and goats. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: We didn't uh raise any. Interviewer: Um. Hmm. And uh now if you'd been traveling well back in the old days if you had to go from here to uh say to rain, that was uh you you that was a uh far 811: That was a far trip you uh you kn- you had a horse and it'd take you somewhere. Two hours or three hours they'd go on a horse. Interviewer: Um If um if you'd been traveling and you hadn't finished your journey you might say that you had a? You still had a long? 811: Still had a long way to go. Interviewer: Before you got to Rain. Um now if something was uh a very common thing around here and you could find it just about anywhere, say somebody wanted it. I mean well something was very common and uh you didn't have to look for it in a special place say if somebody wanted cypress trees they could find it just about 811: Uh I could find one of those anywhere Interviewer: Yeah and 811: Around- around in the woods and Interviewer: Yeah um when you were uh okay now when you were riding horses and a horse would say a horse would get up on you you might fall 811: fall off Interviewer: Which way? 811: Uh if he had reared up you'd both gotten you would fall back. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 811: #2 And uh # {NW} If you were riding him and if something scared him let's say uh if they had a piece of paper or something in that ditch, and it spooked him if uh he would jump from one side to the other and if you wasn't expecting, he would fall off on the side. Interviewer: Yeah. And if he was stopping you'd fall which way? 811: Well he'd fall to the front if you had stop uh Interviewer: Okay. Okay now if you were, say you were walking on ice right here on a pond, if you slipped and fell you'd say I fell 811: Fell back. Interviewer: Uh Okay Now {D: When you were plowing with mules did you ever have any you know have any of 'em cut up on you when you} 811: Yeah. Well had one of 'em, never forget it, five o'clock in the afternoon I say about five, yeah around five, five thirty {X} They're going home And one hit you cause whatever you had on She was coming home and breaking a hold of 'em Interviewer: Sometimes you'd hitch 'em up and they'd go they wouldn't 811: Uh they'd go back, they'd want to balk on you. Balk meaning they don't want to go front they want to stay there. And usually you could break 'em from that It'd take time, but you could break 'em. Interviewer: They'd wanna go back? 811: {X} All they want to do is rile up and jump up and down. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. Now the trenches cut by the plow was called the what 811: That was the middle. Interviewer: Yeah the middle of the fir- 811: The uh the f- the four the- the rule Interviewer: Yeah Cut two of those you'd be two? 811: Yeah two fours. Interviewer: Okay. Um well when you you say y'all would cut hay sometimes. Um Kind of would you get a second Like you'd get a first cut and then you'd 811: Yeah you could get a second cut. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And you'd call that the well when you came out in the spring and say all that rice straw was left in the field they'd say did you ever have to do anything with that with all of that 811: That rice straw? Yeah They'd usually pick it up and uh well you had haystacks in them time- you didn't uh- the rice straw wasn't left in the field. Interviewer: I see. 811: Course you had to {NW} bring your rice out to what they'd call a thrasher. And they uh had a big old pipe over there. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And you would hook a tractor on it and it would blow it the straw out a big old tremendous pile and you would call that a haystack. And what you'd do if your stack was big enough uh you'd just take it and move it elsewhere and make the other one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um. Something would come up would you ever have crops like when you planted potatoes they might come up the next year they'd come up uh 811: Uh It was very certain you'd have something to come up the next year. Because if you had a bad winter you had to plot uh {D: and do something- entertain- let the cattle eat it} whatever they had left and it's very soon you had any And it left, but you could see beyond the seeds and stuff. Interviewer: What about the stuff you would raise in the patch say behind your house? 811: Uh. Interviewer: Would you ever have anything else come up? Say in the patch that you grew things 811: Yeah you uh uh you had grass and different kinds of stuff. Interviewer: Oh yeah I mean I'm talking about the stuff that you raised, cultivated you know 811: Oh. Interviewer: Y'all have a did you raise your own home grown 811: Yeah fruits and stuff you know uh vegetables, all that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Would you have a # 811: {D: A garden or a plot that} Interviewer: You know Did uh Now like something would you ever get any kind of little you know things that would come up there like you'd plant 'em one year and then the next year they'd come up? 811: Oh very few if it was uh something that would seed, maybe onions or parsley, parsley mostly. {X} come up and actually Interviewer: You say they came up? 811: Yeah uh Interviewer: Vol- 811: Volunteer Interviewer: Volunteer? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Um Like a what else? what about those little red vegetables that would come up? 811: Um Well, the only thing red was a {NW} something that we would reseed. If you had uh something like a turnip or something like that well, it uh ver- very very soon you'd get one that would come up the next year. Interviewer: Okay. Anything that would come on a vine? 811: Um {D: Yeah you had snap beans, butter beans} and stuff like that would come up uh. You would have the pole ones where you had to pole 'em and uh get some poles and a stick and they would go up the pole. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And they were called some kinda wanderer? 811: Uh that was uh {D: well you had butter- butter beans and uh} what the heck was that? The vine butter beans or snap beans, whatever {NW} You could buy the ones you wanted. If you wanted the pole ones {X} Interviewer: What about the real long ones? 811: Uh the flat beans? Interviewer: Yeah 811: Uh Interviewer: The snap beans you just ate them pod and all, right? You didn't have to 811: Well they- they snap 'em Big beans often break 'em or depending how long they was yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: You'll break 'em in half. Interviewer: Okay. Was that a name for all sorts of green beans? You were talking about snap beans? 811: Yeah yes snap beans, butter beans, sweet peas. We had different names for 'em. Interviewer: Did you ever- now talking about butter beans, what different types of them did you have? 811: {NW} Interviewer: Did you have big yellow ones? You know? 811: Yeah you had uh they had about two or three different kinds you could get. You had the butter uh uh shoot I just remembered their name well I know you could buy about two or three kinds. Interviewer: Um. Okay. Did you ever get Limas? 811: Yeah we had Lima beans and uh Well we had a tremendous bunch of beans {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 And uh # Interviewer: Okay. 811: Black eyed peas. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {NW} Interviewer: Um. Well uh now the kind of now I want to ask you about the things you made and you cooked and all sorts of things like that. What was made of flour and baked in loaves? 811: Uh that was uh light bread, you know biscuits. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever make it to rise? 811: Yeah uh your light bread you had to you'd use yeast and uh what we'd usually do is uh you'd save a piece of it {NW} and just let it rise and you just add on dough- you wouldn't have to buy yeast every time you wanted to make some. Interviewer: I see. 811: And your biscuits you would put baking powder, baking soda in them and they would rise. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Cause in the time that you was cooking it. Interviewer: Most of the bread you'd there was a difference between the bread you made at home and the kind you bought at the store. 811: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 It was called # 811: It was homemade and uh bought bread. Interviewer: Bought bread? 811: That was what we would call it. Interviewer: Yeah yeah you can get like that ball of bread. 811: No {D: you let you get was so stale} you'd better off just Interviewer: {NW} 811: If you had a {NW} {X} Uh {X} He'd have all kinds of stuff uh uh Interviewer: Yeah 811: Uh {X} and I don't know where he'd get his bread but I mean he got that it was so hard you didn't want it. You was better off making your own. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} Can you name me all the kinds of things you'd make with dough? Wheat flour dough? 811: Uh you'd make uh cornbread with cornmeal. Interviewer: Okay but now talking about wheat flour dough. Would your mother ever just take it and make it up into you know take a biscuit dough and make it up into a loaf? 811: Uh yeah she made uh bread loaf with that. Interviewer: And that was- 811: Cakes and pies and Interviewer: Okay. What would she call that bread she would make with biscuit dough? 811: Uh I forgot uh well I remember it had a long pan but I don't remember Interviewer: Okay you ever have hoecake? 811: Yeah Uh Interviewer: What was that then? 811: Pancakes and uh Interviewer: Hoecakes 811: Well pancakes and hoecakes are about the same. Interviewer: Oh they are? {NW} 811: Yeah uh Interviewer: What did a hoecake look like? How was it shaped? Was it 811: Oh well you didn't have no special shape. All you did was take the dough and put it after you mixed it up you'd put it in the skillet, it'll come out. Some of 'em was round and some of 'em was Interviewer: Oh oh I see. Did you cook it in grease or? 811: Yeah. A little grease and uh stick it in the top of the stove and well you add heat. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else you would bake maybe from wheat flour? Bake cakes 811: Yeah, pies Interviewer: Make an apple what? Apple- 811: Apple pie, blackberry pie Interviewer: Okay. 811: Pineapple, peach Interviewer: Would you make would she ever make uh say a pie that didn't have a crust on the bottom or something like that? Call that an apple what? 811: Apple turnover. {NW} No, she not {NW} Uh Mostly she was making stuff like blackberry pie, peach pie. Stuff that we had a good bit of you know. Interviewer: Would she ever cook something you know in a real deep dish? And uh and just say had crust on the top? She might put meat in there or something else. 811: No not that I remember. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever hear- did she ever put would she ever like put potatoes in the bread 811: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Or- or some mix # 811: Make a sweet potato bread. Interviewer: Yeah? Okay. How'd she make that? She whip it up or? 811: Uh Your potatoes you had to mash 'em up and uh then you'd take your- make your dough. Put it in the bottom of your- your your uh your pan. Then you'd take the sweet potatoes and put 'em in the middle and you'd take your dough and you'd put it over the top. Interviewer: #1 Yeah sounds good. # 811: #2 Then you # You'd bake it. Interviewer: Okay. Now you mentioned cornmeal. Uh. What else? 811: Uh you could make cornbread kush Uh Interviewer: Okay. From cornbread you'd make okay any type of cornbread? Would you just would you ever make cornbread did- did you have more than one kind? 811: Uh you could no you had uh you could make cornbread dressing uh with meat and uh you know mixed up with cornbread and uh Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Then you could make your kush. Interviewer: Okay. 811: That was about all the dishes you do with cornmeal. Interviewer: Well when you made cornmeal up into uh and cooked it in a skillet that was called what? 811: Cornbread. Interviewer: Yeah that was a what cornbread? 811: Uh. Interviewer: You know what a cone was? {NW} Did you ever hear folks making uh making uh cornmeal and just salt and water? Hot water? Had to cook it up with hot water? Hot water bread or? Okay. Did your mother ever cook, would she ever cook it in the fireplace? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. How would she do that? 811: Uh Well you had a little old uh stand would take uh over your your {D: like your back low whatever you had in it} You had a big skillet with a top on it. And you'd just take it and put it, set it on the well kind of like on top of the fire. Interviewer: Did you ever see 'em cook it in the fire? 811: No. Interviewer: Okay. Or on a say on a board in front of the fire? 811: Uh You had uh what you would call uh some fire horses. And you had some boards that would go across 'em. Interviewer: Yeah? 811: {D: Couple of three bars and you could set your} your pot on that which your cornbread was in. And you had to watch it when the bottom was cooked you had to take it and turn it over. And put the top to the bottom. Cause the top wouldn't cook. Whenever the bottom would get cooked, you'd just take it and take your plate, take your skillet and turn it upside down and slide it off. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NW} Well when you when you eat fish You ever eat fish? Sure you- 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh can you eat it now? 811: Uh yeah. Interviewer: In a- cooked in the right way huh? 811: Uh yeah I just uh One of the things that was so good fried- I made a I had a little piece of goldfish that was fried. And uh it don't bother me to eat it now but I used to love fish. I loved to cook it too. Interviewer: You when you were younger you 811: I would Interviewer: You ate 811: Yeah I ate quite a bit of it. Interviewer: Yeah. Um Now what do you like? What kind of cornmeal do you like with fish? 811: Oh, I like my fish fried in cornmeal. Interviewer: Oh. 811: Uh roll it in that if I'm gonna fish, I wanna fry it in cornmeal. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever uh say make these kind of round things in cornmeal and they would they would put you'd put onions or pepper in it? And uh they were round and you fry 'em in grease and eat 'em with fish? 811: Um no I- Interviewer: You know what a hush puppy was? 811: Uh uh-huh. {NW} {D: Might've been too fast for me to pick that up} Interviewer: Yes um. Okay now you mentioned cornmeal dressing like when your mother was cooking say greens, would she ever dunk cornmeal batter in there? 811: No. Ju- just make it and we'll uh cook the greens in one pot and uh cornmeal in the other one. Interviewer: Yeah. What'd she put in greens when she was cooking 'em? 811: Or if you had a piece of, what they call uh, a piece of fat and bacon. Smoked bacon. It's uh Interviewer: Yeah. Uh Was that- did that have a lot of lean on it or? 811: No, it mostly was fat cause uh your lean uh if you have to have a grease hog mostly you'd kill a grease hog because you wanted your grease and uh {X} stuff like that. It was very seldom they would kill a hog just for meat. It was mostly for grease. Interviewer: Uh. Okay. Did you ever put any part of the grease when you rendered up the hog- you know what I mean by rendering it and getting the cracklings out of it? Would you ever put that in on the cornbread? 811: Uh no. Interviewer: Make cracklings? {D: in bread?} {C: coughing} 811: Uh you mean some of the grease? Interviewer: Yeah what would you eat with the cracklings? 811: Or sweet potatoes or cornbread. Interviewer: Okay. Um now something that would be fried in deep fat and it would have a hole in the center of it what was that? 811: Uh Interviewer: They were fried in deep fat, you know? Had a hole in the middle of 'em boy they were good. They'd be made out of bis- dough, flour dough 811: Oh donuts? Uh we didn't make too many of that. That's a uh we grew up some uh I ate quite a few. After we got older for doing the you know teenagers then we didn't uh {NW} we didn't have any. Interviewer: You folks have another name for them or different types of 'em? 811: No they- Interviewer: What about a French name for that? 811: {D: I knowed it} Interviewer: {D: Okay you know what a croissant was?} 811: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Alright. Um when they made uh- okay. Now something that you would make a batter of you'd call them what? And you'd have them in the morning like- 811: #1 Now that's a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: Barley cakes or um Interviewer: Okay. 811: or flapjacks, whatever. Interviewer: Yeah did you have any would they always be made out of wheat flour? Or did you ever make any out of cornmeal? 811: Uh little bit, you could make something, what they call a croquette. Uh that cornmeal. Interviewer: Okay. And that was a what? 811: Uh all I've done with the croquettes is you take it and mix up your cornmeal and gotten it fried. You know, I put it in a little grease and- Interviewer: Yeah. You'd eat that with 811: Oh you could eat it with milk or Interviewer: It was kind of crumbly 811: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 if you had cornmeal in it. # You put anything else in? 811: No. Uh you'd have eggs or bacon or whatever you had. Interviewer: {NS} Yeah. Did you ever make fritters? 811: Uh do you- uh what fritters? Interviewer: Fritters are you know- okay. Uh now talking about eggs, the two parts of the egg, there's the what and there's the 811: Then the white and the yellow. Interviewer: Okay. Um Did you now how do you eat your eggs when you have 'em cooked? 811: Um. Interviewer: Can you eat 'em? 811: No I don't. I used to love the scrambled ones but now for the last couple of three months I well I what I would do when I was in the hospital they would cook 'em but they would cook 'em some kind of way in water I don't know how they would cook 'em Interviewer: Oh. 811: Cause they couldn't cook 'em in grease. Interviewer: They'd cook- would they let 'em 811: Uh poached I guess and I didn't like 'em like that so after I came home I didn't bother with that. Interviewer: Uh. Now when you killed a hog when you cut him up you cut the side of the hog, what do you call it? 811: Uh you uh cut it in quarters. Your h- that's your hind quarter. You uh your front quarter your backbone Interviewer: Okay. 811: And a slab of ribs. You see that's your hind quarter, your front quarter, then you cut your slab of ribs out of the middle. Interviewer: Yeah. The meat between the shoulders and the ham was 811: Uh that would be uh you- your uh front quarter. Interviewer: Yeah. You know what a middling was? 811: Uh no. Interviewer: Okay. Um the kind of meat that you might buy and slice up thin to eat with your eggs 811: It would be bacon. Interviewer: Yeah you'd have to get the what off that bacon, kind of the outer edge? You'd call that the 811: Uh you might get uh some of the lean off it. Interviewer: But in this 811: Only I {NW} you'd have to get the skin off it. The- I thought of the skin. Interviewer: Uh you buy any meat that you might slice up yourself and eat with your eggs? What's that? 811: Ham. Interviewer: Uh okay. Now If- if the meat is kept- has been kept too long, you say it's done what, it's gotten? 811: Gotten rancid. {X} Interviewer: Uh when you butchered uh a hog you'd say what you'd make from its head was what? 811: You'd make bullseye hog head cheese. Interviewer: Okay. And did you ever you never prepared a dish by cooking and grinding up the hog liver? 811: Uh usually you uh your hog liver, when its dried up you'd make {D: bulldown with it} put the hog liver {D: and that'll make bulldown} Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Would you ever take the juice of the head cheese? Or the liver sausage? And maybe stir it up with cornmeal? You ever hear of people doing that? 811: Yeah I heard about I- I've seen the fried hog brains. Rolled 'em in cornmeal. Interviewer: Hog what? 811: Brains. The brains that come- {NW} They'd roll it in cornmeal and fry it. Interviewer: Okay. Now suppose you kept your butter too long and it didn't taste good 811: Well it would get rancid. Interviewer: Okay. How would you say it it tasted or how would you describe the smell of it? You'd say smelled 811: It would smell rancid. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever hear okay now talking about somebody if they hadn't taken a bath in a while would you say the same thing about them? 811: {NW} Interviewer: You'd say they smelled 811: Well oh rancid oh Interviewer: #1 Some # 811: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Somebody has told me that if somebody hadn't taken a bath in a while they said they would smell funky 811: Yeah {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay what does that mean? 811: Why that'd mean they smelled bad. Interviewer: Okay. When you said somebody smelled 811: funky Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 811: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh what talking- would you ever say anything was stout or was um something smelled stout or it got stout? Do you know what that means? 811: Mm no. Interviewer: Okay. Um now you kept uh when you kept your milk around it would do what? 811: It would sour and {D: clabber} Interviewer: Okay did you ever make anything from that? Any- 811: Uh you could make uh whipped cream from uh clabber Interviewer: Okay. 811: Your milk would sour and turn to clabber, and then you could make whipped cream with it. Interviewer: They make any sort of cheese other than that? 811: Um yeah it was uh well that- whipped cream was a cheese um oh shoot I forgot the name of the cheese. We would call it whipped cream. It was cottage cheese. {NW} And that's what it was, cottage cheese. Interviewer: Yeah. Joe, when you milked what was the first thing you had to do after you milked? 811: You'd go strain the milk Interviewer: Okay. Um now somebody like yourself they'd say you can sure put away the 811: The meal. Interviewer: And looks like he can eat his 811: His share of meal or Interviewer: Okay or all the food #1 you know # 811: #2 yeah # Interviewer: you like if you enjoy eating a lot they'd say you can eat a lot of, put away the 811: Uh he can put away a whole lot of food. Interviewer: Okay. Um now when your wife is making a pie what- would she pour some kind of sweet thing over it? It might be milk, cream, mixed? Would she ever add nutmeg or something like that? 811: #1 Yeah uh # Interviewer: #2 That'd be called a # 811: Cake mix. Interviewer: Okay. You, now you pretty- what's your diet now? Do you eat pretty regularly? 811: Uh yeah I can eat anytime I get ready. Um but in between meals I'd eat a banana or maybe an orange. Interviewer: Just for a 811: Just for a little afternoon or morning snack. Interviewer: Uh now what do you have for breakfast? 811: Well I usually eat cornflakes with milk for breakfast. Interviewer: Do you have anything to- to drink? 811: Well I dr- in between meals I drink juice. Um grapefruit juice, orange juice. Pineapple juice. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever drink any- what would you have when you were younger? You got up and you 811: Uh just mostly we had was water or milk. Interviewer: You just drank that? 811: I drank a water either I drank a milk cause we didn't have no kind of juice. Interviewer: It would be in a what? In a 811: In a jar or pitcher, whatever Interviewer: Poured into a? 811: A cup. We didn't have too many glasses yet. {NW} We had ten cups. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What would have to drink at the at the say at the pump or something like that and you had a what 811: Uh we usually drank uh straight from the pump or either we had uh a glass out there w- w- Interviewer: Um did you ever what I was getting around to, did you ever make any- have anything else for breakfast uh when you get up and drink a cup of 811: Uh Oh you mean uh old time we Interviewer: Yeah. What do most of folks have around here for breakfast? 811: Uh in the- during them times? You know way back? Oh they had cornbread and milk. Interviewer: What would they drink? 811: Uh they would drink milk. Interviewer: Okay. They ever drink anything that they would {D: poach} and cook? 811: Oh they would have uh chocolate Interviewer: Okay, coffee? 811: Yeah. The older people would drink uh coffee because they'd uh buy their coffee green and they would poach it. And grind it. That's it Interviewer: Okay. {C: coughing} How do you make the coffee? 811: Well what you do you get the green coffee, #1 use a, use a pot, # Interviewer: #2 You poach it? # 811: you'd poach it. And let it cool off then you had a coffee grinder you'll take it, and you'll grind it up and then you had uh what you call a homemade {D: grag I guess} with a little sack on it. You'd take your coffee you put it in the little sack and you get you some boiling water pour it over it. Interviewer: Okay. Now how do you- talking about put milk in coffee, some people like it 811: Uh like chocolate uh coffee, milk, or a little coffee in their milk or cream Interviewer: Some people like it like coffee 811: Coffee milk Interviewer: Okay, others like their coffee 811: Uh straight black. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay you might say somebody asked you how- what would you take- I mean what will you have and I'll say I take my coffee 811: Uh Interviewer: I don't want any 811: You take your coffee black. Interviewer: I want it 811: No cream or without sugar. Interviewer: Okay. Without anything right now uh. Do you if you well uh if you ask me how much did you drink you might say Uh I might say I Well if I ask you how much you drink what do you say- what do you? 811: Uh you mean liquor or? Interviewer: Well 811: {NW} Interviewer: Coffee. 811: Huh oh about eight, ten cups a day. Interviewer: Yeah. That's how much you 811: Yeah coffee I drink a day. Interviewer: Okay but you don't anymore? 811: No I don't. Interviewer: But you, you surely 811: Uh well I- I used to when I would drink it, I would drink about ten, twelve cups a day. Interviewer: Yeah 811: Maybe more if I was around the {D: the house} Interviewer: So you used to 811: Yeah I used to drink about twelve, fourteen cups a day. Interviewer: Somebody might ask you how much coffee have you 811: Have I drank. Interviewer: Yeah in your lifetime. You'd say I sure have drank 811: {NW} Sure drank plenty. Interviewer: #1 Drank eight or ten cups a day # 811: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now when dinner was on the table and uh and the family is sitting around waiting to begin, what do you say to 'em? 811: That dinner's ready. Interviewer: Y'all. 811: Y'all let's get to dinner. Interviewer: Okay. Get a chair and 811: Come sit at the table. Interviewer: If you have company for dinner you know he comes in, he knocks the door, you say 811: Well come on in. You're just time for lunch. We're just fixing to have lunch. Interviewer: Okay. Um Uh Won't you here's a chair, won't you 811: Won't you have a seat and join us for lunch? Interviewer: Okay so he took the chair and 811: had lunch with us. {NW} Interviewer: Nobody was standing, they could all 811: all sit down. Interviewer: Sit down. And uh if you wanted somebody to not wait until the potatoes were passed, you'd say go ahead and 811: and help yourself. Interviewer: So he went ahead and 811: and helped themself. Interviewer: Helped himself. Um Um when you were, say if you were at a friends' Joe, how would you they passed you some rutabagas and you hated rutabagas you know you'd say I don't 811: I don't care for any. {NW} Interviewer: Care for 'em. Um now on Sunday Or the meal on Sunday evening. The food might be cooked and served a second time. You'd say it had been warmed 811: Uh rewarmed. Reheated. Interviewer: Warmed. 811: Warmed over. Interviewer: Warmed over. Uh now did- what- did you ever smoke uh 811: Yeah. Interviewer: What did you smoke? 811: Um Winstons. Interviewer: You smoked cig- 811: Cigarettes. Interviewer: Okay did you ever smoke anything else? 811: Uh cigars uh very very seldom but I smoked one maybe once or twice a year. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {D: Had a new baby so I passed the habit.} Interviewer: You didn't smoke them very 811: No. Interviewer: Okay. What about other ways of tobacco? Like do what they would do 811: Roll 'em uh I had smoked some of them too The ones you rolled yourself Interviewer: Oh where you put it in your mouth 811: Yeah and smoke it. Uh Interviewer: The kind where they'd put in their mouth and it'd make {D: water} 811: Oh no, I never dipped. Uh that sniff, I never did chew that, no. Whatever that- I never did chew Smoked quite a bit, but I didn't chew. Interviewer: Okay. Um now you were talking about about when you went to the mill, when you said you went to the mill you'd get to you might have cornmeal ground there okay and you'd make cornmeal out of it or you would- what else would you make? 811: Well uh uh your corn you uh take your corn over and you have it ground uh to make cornmeal with. Or you do- you could have it chopped to make chicken feed. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever take it and have it ground up and then you'd take it home and boil it? You know, in the it's really southern food, folks don't like it up north. And they boil it and you might eat it in the morning with your sausage, your eggs, it'd be white. And you might put butter or gravy or salt and pepper on it. 811: I I never did see it done out here. People talk about it, but I never did see it done. Interviewer: What- what'd they call it? 811: Um I just remember they called it, I remember Interviewer: You know what grits was? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Well you liked them didn't you? 811: Yeah. {NW} But grits wasn't wasn't made out of corn not that I know of. Interviewer: What was it made out of? 811: {NW} I ate a whole lot of grits but I never even know what they was made out of. Interviewer: Out of what? 811: I never did know what they was made out of. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Alright Did you ever seem 'em put corn in lye? And some sort of thing out of that? Lye hominy, you ever eat that? {D: Or Holland? any sort of home?} Alright. Um okay now something would- somebody was cooking something and it'd make a good impression on your nostrils. 811: Should smell good. Interviewer: You might say to somebody mm Hmm won't you just sme- 811: Smell, smell or whatever. Interviewer: smell what? Just like, take a take a sniff 811: Yeah, take a sniff of this. Interviewer: Okay. 811: {NW} Interviewer: Um now you crushed the cane and you would boil the juice and make 811: Make syrup or uh make sugar. Interviewer: Anything else? 811: Make syrup sugar. Interviewer: Um what about something thicker than syrup? 811: Uh Interviewer: What's thicker than syrup? That black stuff. 811: Black jewel. Interviewer: Huh? 811: Black jewel. Interviewer: Black jewel? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 811: Uh that's uh that you use that to feed the cattle {D: it would take things up they make} Interviewer: Okay. 811: From sugarcane. {D: Uh they call it proleke} Well usually uh Well less after it's all mixed up, but what- what'd they call it you go pick it up and its black jewel syrup. Interviewer: Okay and from sorghum you'd make what? Uh Did you ever make molasses? You know what that was? 811: Yeah, but yeah I have- that's uh bout the same purpose of that black jewel syrup. Interviewer: What? 811: That I uh uh Interviewer: What's the difference? 811: Uh I- well all I know you used to go pick it up uh about three, four years ago from the sugarcane plants Interviewer: What? 811: {NW} we'd call it molasses, black jewel syrup. and uh Interviewer: Um now there's imitation you might say this is an imitation maple syrup, this is well you know the syrup you buy now, it's not some of it- you used to buy maple syrup, right? 811: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Did you hear about that? # 811: Or either pure cane syrup. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What's that? # 811: Or pure cane syrup. Interviewer: Pure cane or Something like the pure cane syrup or or it might be imitation you know, the stuff they make nowadays is not the but you might say, this is not imitation, this is 811: It's real, you know, the The- the gener- Interviewer: The genui- This is the- this is the 811: {X} Interviewer: Okay but on a belt what would it have to show that it was cowhide? And nothing else? You know? They have a mark on those belts and they say 811: Uh, don't know Interviewer: Genu- 811: Geri- Geri- Interviewer: Genuine. 811: Genuine cowhide. Interviewer: Yeah you ever seen those on the belts you buy? Well when something's not imitation you say what, genu- 811: It's a genuine Interviewer: Genuine or 811: Genuine whatever it is. Interviewer: Yeah okay. When they sold syrup, when they used to sell it, how did it come, Joe? 811: Uh you could get it in gallons, half gallons Interviewer: Okay, or sugar? 811: Uh Interviewer: In the store you bought it uh 811: You could buy the Interviewer: When it wasn't put in package 811: #1 You could buy it loose # Interviewer: #2 {D: The packing was the} # Hmm? 811: You could buy it loose uh nickel's, dime worth, whatever you wanted. Interviewer: Ten? 811: Ten- ten pound, five pound, hundred pound Interviewer: five cents or 811: yeah, a dime's worth Interviewer: Ten- 811: Ten cent Interviewer: Ten cent worth Uh Okay they sold it in bu- in they sold it by what? By bulk? Bulk? 811: Well Interviewer: What about crackers? Do you ever see them? 811: Uh Interviewer: Did you buy crackers? 811: I- I don't. I see them in the just seen the packs, I've never seen uh Interviewer: Okay. And on the table, to season food with, you'd have? 811: Uh s- uh Interviewer: Just the two things you know 811: Yeah. It's the salt shaker and pepper shaker. Interviewer: Yeah salt and 811: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Okay. Um now there's a bowl of fruit say peaches and apples and somebody offers you a peach, you'd say no 811: thank you. Interviewer: In order to get the I don't want a peach 811: Uh take the apple Interviewer: Okay your brother comes in you know he'd have a bunch of something with him and you'd say want- You know he'd have a bunch of apples with him, you'd say hey why don't you 811: Have a- give me a apple or Interviewer: Yeah. Um When uh would you ever, you know, you'd go by the trees around here, the pecan trees and then stuff a lot in your pockets? {X} {NW} And come back and 811: your pockets are sticking out. Interviewer: With a bunch of 811: pecans or Interviewer: Yeah. Plundered all sorts of things like that. Um. Now a place where they would grow a lot of uh a lot of fruits and things like that uh if you had a lot of peach trees you got a 811: Uh you got a peach orchard. Uh Interviewer: Um Okay was there anybody around here like a man 811: No uh {D: We- no, we had what we would call} the only thing he- you had quite a bit of was figs. Uh Interviewer: Probably got tired of them. 811: And um people would have quite a few of those trees. That's about the most- and pears you would get a quite a few pears. Some of 'em had pear orchards. And uh pecan orchards. That was about the most. That's uh there's other fruits they did oranges and apples and stuff they n- I never know {X} Interviewer: We used to have some oranges here, didn't you? 811: Not that I remember. Interviewer: Okay. 811: I never did know the Interviewer: What about wild uh {X} 811: Oh there, you see quite a bit of strawberries. Interviewer: Yeah? 811: Yeah Interviewer: Okay. 811: {NW} They got {NW} orange trees. But uh these people just use- plant it for their own use, you know. They don't get out {X} You might go by there, they might sell you a couple of bagfuls. Interviewer: Of what? 811: Uh tangerines or {D: do a little bit of} oranges. But they had never had done with it you know to put it on the market. They rarely sell. Interviewer: Oh. {D: For me, raisins and oranges in any kitchen for} 811: {D: From what I know it's all in use uh} his kids, grandkids, and stuff like #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Um okay. What about uh any other wild things uh? That old tree that George Washington chopped down, you got them around here? 811: Uh Interviewer: Cher- 811: Cherry trees? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Um If they're here, they- they're very rare. Interviewer: You ever eaten a cherry? When you eat once, you bite down on the what? You might break a tooth. 811: Oh oh the seed. Interviewer: Break off a 811: Break off a tooth on a seed. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now the peach, the inside of the peach is the 811: Uh you got a- a seed in the peach or uh Interviewer: Georgia is, now that's where we raise peaches over there. 811: Y'all raise peaches? Interviewer: Oh yeah, we call ourselves the peach state. 811: They say that the the the the swamp, let's see what the heck is that? It used to be the pelican state. {D: We battled to change it.} Interviewer: Louisiana? 811: Yeah. Louisiana was the pelican state but they changed it to uh now let's see the bayou country. Interviewer: Uh. Kind of peach you have to cut the seed out of 811: I don't know that much about peaches. Interviewer: You ever eaten one? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: There's one kind of peach you can just work it. 811: Yes it's open. Uh that was a I don't know the name but I know it was a juicy peach. {D: It was tickling} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And then the other one was a # 811: That was kind of a horrible peach where you had to cut it and peel it. Interviewer: You know they call this uh we were talking about the seed of the peach but normally it's a what? You call it a clear seed or? A clear stone or? Clean stone or? 811: I don't know that much about peaches. Interviewer: Uh now after you've eaten the apple you throw away the 811: Uh the heart of it. With the seeds in there Interviewer: Yeah. Mm-kay. You call it the apple 811: Apple uh seeds or or the heart of the apple. Interviewer: Okay. Would y'all ever take any fruits and dry 'em. 811: Uh no. Interviewer: Like apples. 811: Uh-uh. Interviewer: Take anything and dry it? 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: like catsup, you said?} # 811: Yeah stuff like that but uh {D: And kushas and stuff before one of the seeds for next year} Cucumbers. Interviewer: {D: Kusha is a kind of a what?} 811: Uh it's a preserve. Something that you can preserve. Interviewer: Can you eat it? 811: Yeah. You take it and you cook it down in syrup or sugar and make you a- a preserve. {NW} Uh we did squash. We'd let the squash dry out. #1 {D: You got heard of that} # Interviewer: #2 They'd call that what? # when you let them dry. {X} 811: Uh well all you would- well, you wouldn't let that many dry, about four or five of each for the seeds. uh Sometimes you'd just, when you had opened 'em, you would take the seeds and put them out there and let 'em dry. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh Okay when you dried the skin, it would do what? 811: It would shrink up. It would get hard hard. Interviewer: Yeah. The skin would kind of uh 811: It would shrink. Interviewer: Shriv- 811: Shrink up and you'd have to break, you'd have to use a hammer or something. I need a piece of wood, something to hit on it. After it'd get dry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You see the skin it would get all- you know the skin would get all all shri- uh 811: It would all shrivel up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um Okay uh now the kind of nuts that you pull out of the ground and roast we grow 'em over in Georgia. 811: Oh uh peanuts. Interviewer: Yeah. Other names for 'em? 811: Uh {D: the friend would call them pistas} Interviewer: {D: Pista?} Okay. Pindars, you ever hear that? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Goobers? 811: Uh pindars. and- Interviewer: Uh now what other kind of nuts do you have? 811: Uh You had pecan, and uh {D: ahicto nuts} uh that's about it. Interviewer: What about those kind of nut that they would put over chicken, when they cook chicken you know, a certain way? They call it or or turtle when they're- You ever hear they put almonds those long flat nuts over. Almonds. 811: I don't know the term. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Any other sort of nuts like wal- or black- 811: Uh Interviewer: Black- 811: What the- that's uh hickory nuts? Interviewer: Hickory 811: Yeah. Hickory. Interviewer: Or black walnut? 811: Wal- walnut. Interviewer: Black walnut? 811: Yeah that's the one that was so hard to break. Interviewer: What's that? 811: I say that's the ones, the ones that was so hard to break. Interviewer: Okay. They have what on the head? 811: They had a uh shell, a black shell on 'em. Uh well a black hull. And then you had the shell. They had a hull on top of 'em. Interviewer: This was a what? 811: A- a black uh uh hickory nut I think it was uh. Interviewer: Okay. Or a walnut? 811: A wal- a walnut. Interviewer: Okay. Um Now you said you used to have strawberries here but now they're all 811: Uh they might have a few people still plant 'em but I haven't seen them in quite a while. Interviewer: They're all 811: They're all, everybody just quit planting 'em. Interviewer: All all gone. 811: All gone. Interviewer: Pretty much in other words for all intents and purposes they're all 811: All gone. Interviewer: All gone. Oh. Okay now what kind of vegetables, what else do you raise here in your garden? Can you tell me about that, Joe? 811: Uh You raise Uh- a different sort of m- well uh we started mustard grape. You raise your garden you have to do garlic, get parsley. Um your beans, like peas, your snap beans, Interviewer: Okay. Any red vegetables? 811: Uh beets Interviewer: And the ones that have a root on 'em? Red-uh 811: A radish uh Interviewer: Okay. 811: And uh Interviewer: What about the kinds that come on a vine? 811: Uh yeah that's Interviewer: Slice 'em up and eat 'em in a salad? 811: Cucumbers and {D: most melons,} watermelons uh Interviewer: Okay. What kind of melons you raise? 811: Or {NW} There- most of them all, the striped one, yeah Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever seen yellow meat melon? 811: Yeah we have planted some years ago um Interviewer: {X} 811: Yeah yellow meats uh and then quite a few years ago we planted some and they really made we'd bring about a wagon load. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} Uh. Interviewer: {X} What color them? 811: Uh Some of 'em most everybody applied the big ones Uh Interviewer: big 811: uh canned tomatoes Uh I mean uh Interviewer: You ever see the little ones what do they call them? 811: That's the little canned tomatoes the small ones That's uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 You ever call 'em tommy toes? # 811: #2 {X} # Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 811: #2 And that # uh uh tommy toes you got the big ones out Interviewer: Yeah {NW} Now what kind of potatoes you raise? 811: Uh Irish potatoes Interviewer: Mm-kay. 811: Sweet potatoes You got two three varieties of sweet potatoes. You got the white the {X} Interviewer: You got any yams? 811: Uh yeah. the yam There's a very rare few people that plant the yams because they rare but I won't plant 'em it makes quite a bit of money on uh Interviewer: Mm-kay. Puerto #1 Any other # 811: #2 Uh Puerto Rico's # Interviewer: Uh now you mentioned onions the little yellow trash ones that you would eat 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 What do you call them? # 811: Well the onion tops and uh afterwards you uh and after they seed you can put 'em and let 'em dry and you can use the bulbs Interviewer: What about the little little fresh ones that you would eat? They're called? 811: Uh that would be uh the onion Interviewer: #1 You'd shout # 811: #2 uh # Interviewer: #1 shout # 811: #2 well uh # shallots Interviewer: Mm-kay when you uh what kind of vegetables would you put in a good soup? when you making a good soup? 811: Uh you'd put carrots and Interviewer: What do you like in a good soup? 811: I don't eat soup #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You don't? # 811: No. {NW} Interviewer: Uh about uh Joe what about uh gumbo? 811: Well I like to put a whole lot of stuff in the gumbo Interviewer: Okay 811: I put chicken sausage I like to put uh oysters Now my wife don't care for when I make this stuff put too much stuff in it sometimes I make it #1 too # Interviewer: #2 What does it make # it sticky. What does it what is it that makes the gumbo sticky? What vegetable? 811: Oh uh okra gumbo Interviewer: Yeah 811: You uh {NW} Interviewer: Okay 811: But I didn't {NW} Interviewer: What kind of vegetables that come in big leafy heads? 811: Um you got the lettuce and cabbage Interviewer: Okay. You raise how many you raise about If you had two of these you'd say I like these 811: Uh like these lettuce uh and cabbage Interviewer: Okay. Uh lettuce comes in? You might buy go to the store and buy two 811: Two heads of lettuce Interviewer: Two heads of lettuce? Okay. Um when you gotta get the beans outta the now butter beans you have to what? You've got to? 811: You gotta pick 'em #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 You have to # 811: #1 hull 'em # Interviewer: #2 do what? # Hull? uh when when you take the tops of turnips and cook 'em you make up a mess of 811: Turnip tops. Interviewer: Okay you call it a mess of what 811: UH Interviewer: Any other kind of greens you 811: Uh you have mustard greens and uh you have spinach Interviewer: Yeah. You just got a what of greens here you say you got a? 811: {NW} Interviewer: Did 811: {NW} Interviewer: say you gotta 811: {NW} Interviewer: full of greens 811: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 would you say that? # 811: A parcel of green. Interviewer: What does that mean? 811: That means you gotta a whole mess Interviewer: Okay. 811: of different greens Interviewer: Okay. What do they say that any other way? Use that or how do you use that word? 811: Uh a parcel Interviewer: Okay that means uh 811: Uh well like a group or a parlor Interviewer: {NW} Um Do can you give me a few examples of how you use it? 811: Oh I I was ju- Interviewer: Yeah like if you said you had a 811: A parcel of 'em Interviewer: Uh huh like what would you say you had a parcel of 811: Uh mustard green uh Interviewer: Okay 811: Turnip tops uh Interviewer: And that means a lot? 811: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: Talking about somebody's cattle you'd say you had a what? 811: A herd A herd of cattle Interviewer: About how many About a hundred? 811: Uh a hundred head um Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um Now if you and two boys and three girls you'd say got five? 811: Five kids Interviewer: Okay. You ever speak of them in so many heads 811: {NW} {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Uh well what about a man a man who had say a thousand acres of land would would have a they'd say he'd have a 811: A big farm Interviewer: A big farm thats a right How much money you'd say that's a right 811: Uh uh Interviewer: You ever hear any people say that's a right smart? 811: Yeah Interviewer: Okay what does that mean? You know #1 Okay. # 811: #2 Uh # It's it's just a wood far as I know it's Interviewer: #1 You'd say he had a {X} # 811: #2 {X} # A right smart Interviewer: #1 Right smart # 811: #2 Mm-hmm # Uh acres of land Interviewer: Okay Um now you raise corn here? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. You the kind that you tender enough to eat off the cob all that 811: Uh you call it a mock shoe. Interviewer: Mock shoe? 811: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: Alright. And you you pull off the what? 811: The shoe. Interviewer: Okay and then you got the what? You gotta get the? 811: {NW} You pull off the shelf you got the shoe on you gotta Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 take a brush and brush it. # Brush all that off. And then you can take a knife and and carve it off the cob. Interviewer: Yeah. At the top of the corn is the 811: The tassel. Interviewer: The tassel? Okay. Now what kinda melons you raise? You raise mush melons you said? 811: Yeah Interviewer: Any other kinds? 811: Watermelon. Interviewer: Alright the little yellow meat was called 811: Uh yellow meat melon Interviewer: Yeah. Mush melon you said? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Now the sort of things that come up in a field after rain you ever seen them anywhere? In French they call 'em champion. 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Some people eat 'em. Uh they come up in a in a field when it's damp or on a log a rotten log. 811: I might've seen them and didn't know what they was. Interviewer: Okay what do you hold over you when it rains? 811: A umbrella. Interviewer: Okay they look like little umbrellas. 811: I I see them but I never knew what it is. Interviewer: What you know what they call 'em? 811: Uh uh. Interviewer: You ever heard of a mush? 811: Mushroom? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Oh that's what that {NW} Interviewer: Okay. What the ones you can eat they call 'em? 811: Uh. Interviewer: Name for 'em? 811: Uh we used to call 'em devil's bread. {NW} Interviewer: Devil? 811: Devil's bread. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Uh we would {X} look at devil's bread {NW} Interviewer: Uh big ol' thing? 811: Yeah. {X} Beat up on it. {X} Interviewer: No uh {NS} uh Joe and Mike call 'em uh You ever call 'em bay chickens? You know and they grow on a bay tree. Never heard of that? 811: Uh uh. Interviewer: When you hunted uh I wanna ask you about some of the birds you ran into around here. 811: Uh you have doves and quails and Interviewer: Okay at night when you go out what kinds of birds you've seen in the woods? 811: Uh nights you see well around here wild years ago you had a bunch a you call a grosbeak and they had quite a few of them {NW} at night you bunch of chicken hawks Interviewer: Yeah. You know that bird they call a {D: shwet?} 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What about the ones with big eyes you know 811: Oh that thats a owl? Interviewer: What kind you got? 811: Uh you got the chicken hawk and owl We don't have too many owls round here anymore. Interviewer: Yeah. You have any different types of them? You you have the big one? 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The big kind that 811: The ones we had is bout the same as Interviewer: Got a deep voice. {NW} 811: Bout the same size as a chicken hawk. Interviewer: You ever see the little ones? 811: Mm no. Interviewer: That make a shrill noise? {X} {X} Like that they sound 811: We used to have uh quite a few of them them letter wing bats Interviewer: Uh uh. Or screech owl? 811: Yeah. In the woods. They was bad at night {NW}. Interviewer: Mm. Uh okay. The kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 811: Uh woodpecker. Interviewer: Okay. 811: We got still there quite a few of them. Interviewer: What do you call that big one? That gets bout the size of a half grown chicken? Um you ever hear of a Lord God? 811: Uh huh. Interviewer: A ripped shirt tail or something like that. Um. Like you ever hear people call them any other names? 811: Mm mm Interviewer: You ever hear 'em call 'em a pecker wood? 811: Mm um the only thing I know is a wood pecker. Interviewer: Okay. Is Is anybody ever been compared to a to a woodpecker? Any any people that you do know of? Class of people of a type of pe- 811: Nah you get people that {NW} {X} nobody pay them no mind yeah {X} pecker wood either woodpecker over there Interviewer: Okay. 811: Anybody pay them no mind you just go ahead and {NW} {NW} probably just making conversation Interviewer: Yeah. Uh. The kinda black and white animal with a powerful smell 811: {NW} Interviewer: You just wanna get 811: Away from it that's a skunk. Either a bed pee on whatever you wanna call it. A pole cat. Interviewer: {NW} You ever had one come around your yard? 811: Yeah. Quite a few. Interviewer: You just wanna get 811: Get away from him. Either let him have his way and let him go his way. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. Uh. The kind of things that would come and raid your hen roosts 811: Uh you have a possum foxes uh you have pole cats too that {NW} coons Interviewer: Any names that takes care of them all? 811: Uh that fox he he's about the sneaky one of the bunch Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. 811: Clean your chicken house up in a hurry. Interviewer: You say I'm gonna get me a gun and 811: And go out there and try to get that rascal. Interviewer: Some traps and stop them Okay. You ever you ever had anybody You know what a varm was? People talking about varms? Varmints? 811: I heard talk of varmints? Interviewer: That's just anything big size little size 811: {NW} That could be a any kind of animal that destroy uh the property. Uh they would give 'em a name of a vermin. Interviewer: When you hunt Joe uh what about those animals that that like to go up trees? 811: Uh squirrels. Interviewer: Squirrels you always find them? 811: Uh uh better if you hunting with dogs. It's very seldom you gon' find them. You ask the uh the hunt squirrels you gotta be awful quiet. And then you shouldn't have no wind. And you gotta hunt 'em early in the morning but quicker if you got dogs. You ain't gone find 'em when they go hide up in a mulch tree hide behind a branch. And if you find 'em you just lucky. Interviewer: What kind you got here? 811: Uh the uh Interviewer: The big one? 811: Yeah you got the big one and the little small squirrels. Interviewer: {NW} the big one is a? 811: I don't know the name of 'em but I know he's got a both kind of uh I never did hunt 'em. Um I killed a couple of 'em by accident uh might've been a walking in the woods and had our guns up there right across one or two. That's about the most I killed is about two. In my whole lifetime and I I wasn't looking for 'em. Interviewer: You just kinda run 811: {NW} runned up on 'em and and shot 'em Interviewer: Oh. You you see the little one that maybe can't climb trees? You got him around here? 811: No. Um All the ones we got they not baby they Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 {X} # Interviewer: They can what? They can? 811: They can climb a tree and climb in a hurry too. Interviewer: Yeah. You see 'em they run over through the tree and? 811: Oh yeah they'll leap from one tree to the other and everything {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 811: He go up in that one tree and he look from there we he probably be a mile away Interviewer: Uh okay. Now what kind of fish do you get around here? 811: Uh you get catfish goldfish and uh bass uh you got you got different places where you can fish and uh different seasons. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 811: Where you might catch catfish or mudfish. Interviewer: Around a pond? 811: Yeah. Some people stop their ponds but the ones that don't you get mostly buffalos and if you don't get no uh Interviewer: Yeah. 811: What you call a a classic fish. Interviewer: A gou? 811: Yeah yeah. Interviewer: What's a gou? 811: Uh a ga- a Gaspergou? Interviewer: I don't know one thing or the other I just heard of 'em. 811: Um a Gaspergou is something like a goldfish. All the bones it got in it is big bones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: Then you got uh about in the gulf you go out there you got them {D: fladdles.} and red fish and red fish is a good fish. Interviewer: Out in the gulf? 811: Uh huh. Interviewer: Uh okay. Now what other things do you get around a pond around here? Tell me all the animals you like to find out 811: All the you get ducks uh snipes Interviewer: Other little things you now small things you might kill? 811: Uh you get a whole lot of snakes I can tell you that Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {NW} and Interviewer: You ever gotten a snake 811: No I never did get snake bit. Uh Interviewer: Okay what about uh the little things that crawl around in those ponds you know? 811: Uh crawfish you get uh quite a few of them in some ponds that's uh Interviewer: Yeah they even raise 'em here. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Alright what do you # 811: #2 and then # uh good it used to be cause what was happening uh we had a pond over here where they had crawfish and that was sad and they had a oil well and some salt water got neath it uh and it destroyed 'em and then they start using some chemical in the rice and it killed the fish off everything if it get to the pond. It'll kill all your fish Interviewer: Yeah. Uh now the things that you got from the sea other seafood you would get 811: Uh Interviewer: What do you get from down around the gulf? 811: Uh you'd get shrimp uh Interviewer: How much of them would you buy? Go out and buy a couple pounds 811: Of shrimp? Uh But a bunch of these people just go out there and troll theirselves uh Interviewer: Are there any different kinds? 811: Uh yeah you got the big shrimp and uh the little shrimp. And then you got uh fish and baits. Too you can uh you get about three different sizes. Interviewer: Large jumbo extra jumbo and unbelievable #1 huh # 811: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Yeah. Um. Those things you hear around the noise making making a noise around the pond at night 811: {NW} Uh yeah you got bull frogs. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And something else you got a whole lot of it's nutria rats. Interviewer: Nutria you got them here? 811: Oh Lord. Interviewer: Man. #1 They are big aren't they too? # 811: #2 Uh huh. # You got nutria mush rats and talk about hard on the rice field. They cut your lettuce drain your water out your pond Interviewer: And I hear those those things'll kill a dog too 811: In the water A dog can't beat 'em in the water. Interviewer: They will slice 'em up. 811: And uh he drown the dog uh they trap 'em all in the winter now but I don't know if it I I'm sure it's helping some uh I talked to a trapper told me he had trapped uh over six thousand dollars worth uh in one season. Interviewer: And used 'em for what? 811: Well they used the heart uh Interviewer: Neutrals? 811: Yeah. Neutrals mush rats that I'd sell them for three four dollars a heart Interviewer: Musk rats 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And the neutral rats uh I think a fox heart sell for bout twenty-two twenty-three dollars. Interviewer: Uh okay are there any types of frogs around here? What about the ones you find in your garden? 811: Uh you got spring frogs uh tut frogs. Interviewer: You ever do you ever roll one bout okay any other kind the kind that hop real high? 811: Uh ya spring frogs and you gotcha whatcha call a rain frog. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the kind that that uh come out after a storm that's a rain frog? 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh what about the ones that are supposed to a sign that winter's over? You ever see them come out? 811: Mm no. Interviewer: That just the little tiny ones there. 811: Uh the baby tut frogs? Interviewer: Yeah alright. Um 811: {NW} Interviewer: You ever you ever done anything with toad frogs you know you can roll uh a piece of shot by a toad frog and he'll eat it? 811: Uh I know if you take a good frog and put salt on it {X} Interviewer: Really? 811: Almost any kind of frog you put salt on it Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 811: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: But you can what is it he'll take a fly and 811: Uh yeah they'll uh Interviewer: Swat and 811: And swallow. Interviewer: Okay. Or you roll you ever seen they'd roll a piece of shot by him and they would 811: No I never Interviewer: Well try putting a rock there and he'll 811: Imma have to try that Interviewer: he'll 811: He'll swallow it? Interviewer: Yeah. 811: I sure wanna try it. Interviewer: Uh when you uh when you go fishing what might you use to go fishing with 811: Uh you'd use bait uh some people like to use uh Catawba worms or um maybe the little frogs. Interviewer: What do you dig? #1 You might dig? # 811: #2 Uh bait # Yea you go out and dig uh uh what's I forget the name of the one but it's a bait. Interviewer: You know what a leash letch was? 811: Uh. Interviewer: Okay What about the big talking about worms? What kind of them you got? 811: Uh Interviewer: There's a There's a kind that you might find in a rotten tree That's a 811: Uh I forget the name of it Interviewer: Oh well The kind that you find at night comes out at night real big wiggly kind That's a 811: Hmm Interviewer: Is there any kind that comes up after rain? 811: Uh Interviewer: They all come up after rain 811: Um Interviewer: What color are they or what do they call 'em? 811: Uh I A one gully worm we'd get quite a bit over here. Uh what they call a caterpillar only one Interviewer: Uh huh 811: And talk about type of crops for you They uh last year they ate some rice for us Uh Interviewer: You think they'll do it again? 811: Is uh {X} is a certain time of the year and they'd get in a pasture where the grass is is tender. They'll clean a forty acre pasture up about in two days. The same thing with rice field. If you gotta water it that too bad. But if you ain't got no water they'll eat it up. Interviewer: What time is that? What time of year? 811: Uh they usually start about May uh around May and June. Or sometime before There's a Interviewer: And they last 'til? 811: Well they might just you might check your field and you ain't got nothing in it as you come back the next day they done ate half of it. They might be you're the only field there in about twenty miles. They just drop in there and clean you up and another fellow next door he ain't got nothing. {NW} then you gotta get a poison for 'em. And Interviewer: You gotta nearby nearly cram it down their throats to kill 'em too. 811: Aw no uh that stuff uh it make contact with them about in a hour. It'll kill 'em. And uh something like two dollars a acre I believe. Uh two or five dollars a acre Interviewer: Is that pretty #1 high # 811: #2 well # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 {X} # It ain't no it's a it's a chemical. They kill 'em which you figure uh on your rice land uh a year like we had like say for instance last year uh you seed rice we sell them bout for twenty twenty-two dollars and fifty cent Interviewer: Of what? 811: Uh a {X} a barrel {NS} Uh {NS} dollar that's about twenty-two fifty for a hundred pound and you put a hundred fifty pounds a acre And ya foot log is about a hundred and thirty dollars a ton and you's putting four hundred and fifty pounds an acre Interviewer: Yeah 811: And then you got your fuel costs uh it's costing you about oh bout a hundred and seventy-five dollars a acre the planting rice and then if you any kind of chemical you come with acid is extra cost and if it cost you five dollars a acre or more uh and you add up and you didn't get uh will cost you let's say about a hundred and ninety-five dollars a acre to to produce your rice. And when you sow you ain't getting but two hundred dollars a acre You in their property but five dollar a acre and some people didn't do that didn't profit five dollars a acre and if they didn't have beans to get 'em out of trouble they were really in trouble the little ones that Interviewer: Uh now around the lake you'd also see these things that they'd get in it they got hard shells you know 811: Uh turtle Interviewer: Yeah What types of them 811: Uh you got what what what we call here is a snake turtle the striped ones. We call it a snake turtle and uh and then the black turtles we call that a snapping turtle loggerhead that's the grip well most everybody around here eat them but they don't eat them uh {NS} Interviewer: Something like a turtle only it lives on dry land is a? a what? A tear you gotta tarp in here 811: Um Interviewer: You know what a cooter is? 811: Uh uh Interviewer: Uh now the insect that flies around a light and you try and catch it and it powder comes off in your hand you know it when you try and grab it them things you know what they are big ol' wings 811: Oh a butterfly Interviewer: Okay or a uh them come around a light at night 811: Yeah we got uh quite a few of those that butterflies and hoppergrasses Interviewer: Yeah 811: and mosquitoes Interviewer: Now a hoppergrass that just what that does that come around the 811: It uh uh you got a bunch of bugs small bugs and stuff around he come around and try to get some to eat Interviewer: Does he eat bugs? 811: Yeah Interviewer: Thought he ate just outta the garden 811: A hoppergrass Interviewer: Yeah 811: A hoppergrass will eat if he has access to it he can get it Interviewer: Uh eat what ants 811: Uh huh Interviewer: Okay what other kind of bugs you got around here 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Any other kinda # insects you know of? 811: You got flies wasps uh Interviewer: What what kinda them you got? 811: You got uh almost all kind of {X} but quite a few bees too you got them yellows jackets and uh Interviewer: Where do they live? 811: They usually be in the ground uh if you be digging or cutting down in a ditch or something that's where you usually find 'em they'd get on ya you better go straight to the hospital {X} Interviewer: Stung in your hand is what? 811: Uh what happens they'll sting you in your face your head we're assuming they gon' sting you on the hand They get in your face your head your ears uh Interviewer: You ever have 'em come after you 811: I had quite a few sting me Interviewer: #1 what happened # 811: #2 after you can get the stinger out it's half bad # Uh what they do is leave a little ol' long and that's what the poison is in usually if you can get it up get that stinger out right away and take some {D: bika} either alcohol or uh baking soda and vinegar and put on it it won't swell at all But if you leave that stinger in there you can keep the headache for a week Interviewer: Where'd you get stung 811: I got stung bout here the head Interviewer: Which ear though 811: Huh uh this ear right here. But uh we used to have some uh that use the bees to breed clover. And we had a bunch of 'em out there and during the summer it was hot they would come out the bee hives and we had a rice field right along there we had the the flood and they'll uh be around that water where that fresh water was running and we'd get them rascals we'd get behind us if you had a field to close it when its time to close it you'd have to close it and you have to close it during the heat of the day one or two gon' always sting ya But the funny thing if you didn't fight 'em they didn't bother ya. If you can stand 'em lightning in your face and stuff and they wouldn't they wouldn't sting but I couldn't stand that I slap 'em {X} Interviewer: Okay Then the things that eat your clothes you what do you put 811: Uh the moths #1 you know that moth # Interviewer: #2 yes # #1 You put what in 'em # 811: #2 {NW} # Camphor ball Interviewer: Call 'em what a moth 811: Uh well we call 'em camphor ball Interviewer: Okay um and one of 'em would be a you you just a you know you ever had you ever catch a catch one of 'em 811: Uh one of these moths Interviewer: Yeah just one 811: Uh no I never did Interviewer: It's called a what it's a 811: Uh it's a insect that that they call it a a moth Interviewer: I see. Uh now the kinda things that you used to catch in a jar. They would fly around at night you know? 811: Uh they call it a lightning bug. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh when you were fishing now you'd you'd fish with a cane pole you know and this thing would come and land on your pole it was had long thing body and uh long wings 811: Uh Interviewer: #1 big eyes # 811: #2 uh # call that uh a jubilee either uh a horse a horse fly Interviewer: Horse fly? 811: That's it no #1 what about # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 811: um Interviewer: Did you have a thing thing would eat mosquitoes or sometimes when they when it would come around they said that uh that there'd be snake nearby. You know they'd land on the end of your cane pole and it had big long wings thin shiny wings 811: That that was a jubilee that's what we call it Interviewer: Jubilee? 811: Uh huh Interviewer: Okay And they would they would #1 fly around like this you know? # 811: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: You ever hear people call 'em a snake doctor or 811: Mm-mm. Interviewer: mosquito hawk? 811: Yeah uh mosquito hawk or either a jubilee. Interviewer: Okay. Um now you're you mentioned uh what about the other things that would sting ya out in the woods you you see the ones that uh built big paper nests 811: Uh yeah the wasps Interviewer: Yes Okay a wasp and what about the kind of wasp that would build a 811: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 a nest outta # 811: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 811: {X} Uh I never did know one of those that sting me Interviewer: No they won't do it but them the ones that build a big ol' nest bout the size of a football. And uh they're big ol' things I mean they really raise a welt on ya. Hornets hornets? {C: pronunciation} 811: Uh yeah yeah that's um that's bees uh. Interviewer: And what do they call 'em uh? 811: Oh shoot I for uh. You got bumble bees. Uh the them black jacks Interviewer: Black jack? 811: Yeah thats the kind that stay in the ground. Um the blackjack is them big ol' ones. Interviewer: Oh 811: {X} pass by you and they'd just like somebody cut you with a knife Interviewer: Kay you know what a hornet is? 811: Uh Interviewer: Hornet 811: That's some that's stays in the ground too. Interviewer: A yellow jacket? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now when you're out walking in the woods these kinda things might burrow into your skin and raise? 811: That's uh a tick? Interviewer: Ticks. 811: Mm. Interviewer: Other things? 811: Uh and red bugs Interviewer: When when you're fishing what do you use for bait you ever use a small fish? 811: Mm no we always did the uh use a piece of chicken gizzard or frogs. Interviewer: {NW} okay. 811: Or either some of them other kinda worms. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now when you hadn't say when you hadn't cleaned in a room for a while they'd be a #1 a what up in the corner of the room # 811: #2 A um # Interviewer: in a barn? 811: Spiderweb. Interviewer: Okay. 811: You know we would use that quite a bit uh for a mule or a horse some to cut itself or or one of the kids would cut they self. Interviewer: Why? 811: Spider web that would stop the bleed. Interviewer: It would? 811: Yeah. Go grab a handful of that and put on there. Interviewer: Handful of what? 811: Uh spiderweb. Interviewer: I had heard that that's 811: #1 we'd us it # Interviewer: #2 funny you told me that. # 811: quite a few times Interviewer: You ever use it for anything else? Just to stop the bleeding? 811: Yeah Interviewer: I'll be danged Yeah I bet you had to look out when you were grabbing 'em tho. 811: {X} If you had a emergency you didn't look you just if you knew they had some you just go get it Interviewer: #1 Could've gotten bit. # 811: #2 {NW} # Cause you know that they'd be pile up in the corner {X} It was some old ones Interviewer: Yeah 811: Then you'd have no spiders around Interviewer: Uh okay. Any other kinds of things that you would make uh things like that you would you ever use a part of a tree that was underground 811: We used that uh uh it wasn't uh some trees we used to make tea or hooping cough and croup uh what they call {D: marmouth} tea some little ol' trees. And uh corn shucks we used that for uh chicken pox. Take it and uh boil the shucks off the corn. If you had chicken pox and uh they would stay inside and you would eat {X} you'd drink that they'd get to popping outta ya like a bad disease {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh what about the parts of the trees that were underground that was what the 811: Uh the tree root Interviewer: They'd dig out the what dig out the 811: The the root of the tree Interviewer: You ever use that for anything? 811: Uh well I uh some people use it for tea but uh like uh what you call a {D: marmouth tree} They would dig it out and cut the root. And uh boil it for tea. Interviewer: Did you ever remember making anything for the blood? Like give you for your blood in the spring? 811: Mm Interviewer: Did it do much good? 811: Naw but after I grew up for high blood uh but once grandma had high blood and she got and she told me she said when you go back home get you a a quarter water two ta- tablespoons of absinthe soda now and a lemon and squeeze it and when you come in if you thirsty just take a drink of that. And uh I couldn't sleep on one pillow after all I did that bout for a week. And she sleep had to sleep on one pillow and I went to doctor and my blood was normal. Uh before he was telling me I had high blood. I'm mad I shoulda kept going it but I just neglected it but my blood got up again Interviewer: Yeah. You got any of those kinda trees you tap for syrup around here? 811: Uh I remember when Sparling used to do it but I I don't know what kinda tree it is. Interviewer: Uh what sorta trees you got around here common trees around here? 811: Uh you got what you call a a chicken tree that's just a tree that that rolled land uh it'll grow and seed and anywhere a seed a fall a tree come up there. If you leave a piece of land bout five years it's gon' take it get quite a few of them. #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 Are they big trees? # 811: Uh they start off small but they end up they don't ever ever get more than bout that big. But they take over your uh a piece of land they'll just ruin it. {NW} Interviewer: now I seen these things out in the field and they come up they et this kind of white white and fluffy things that go out and over the land 811: uh no they get Interviewer: just little weeds really 811: yeah but that's uh Interviewer: they prickly they look prickly 811: thats what you call a chicken tree that's when you gotta Interviewer: what you got a chicken tree you see it's a tree like that one right out there. 811: yeah well that's what you call a chicken tree Interviewer: okay {NW} 811: I know it was really like a {NS} take over the place in about five years and if you just keep um away yeah then you got oaks quite a few china ball trees Interviewer: any good shade trees Jeff? 811: uh you find some of them live oaks like in these old places when they plant 'em for years ago some of them bout two hundred years old a real shady tree darkness it's where you gonna find a whole a ol' home ya know like a gen like a two or three generations that been living there and keeping the place up Interviewer: what about those kind of big kind of trees with broad leaves and they shed all at one time and it's got a bark that peels off and it's got little nodes or bulbs on it with tough wood used it for chopping blocks or something like that 811: um Interviewer: with long white libs and scaly bark 811: uh must of been a a white oak Interviewer: okay a s- a you know what kind of tree it was oh back her climbs in the back 811: no Interviewer: a syc- 811: a syc- a sycamore tree Interviewer: you got them? 811: {NW} I don't Interviewer: what about a kind of a shrub that grows real red in the fall and uh it's poison to some people 811: uh poison ivy Interviewer: okay um and then you got you got sumac or shumac here? 811: uh I don't know what it is Interviewer: uh okay uh {NW} now you mentioned straw- you mentioned the kind of berries you get here uh you get any of those red berries with a rough surface? 811: yeah uh we call them blackberries what do you talking red and they're black Interviewer: okay a razz you got a ` you ever eaten rasp raspberries 811: yeah yeah um I've ate some Interviewer: ate some what 811: raspberries but uh but we got multiple round here it's a we used to get a whole lot of them until they started forcing that rice and that stuff it delays them uh and what happen about the time they come back out it's uh the season is over they don't Interviewer: okay now the kind of uh the kind of you might say be careful about those berries they might be 811: uh poison or um the uh uh Interviewer: you got any kind of trees that uh that let's see they got a big large flower on um and they got the green shiny leaves 811: mm not that I know of Interviewer: {D: well uh what what do they call here the state of the bell here} {D: the locus} up above here is what 811: the state Interviewer: yeah 811: uh Interviewer: they call it 811: that Mississippi Interviewer: okay and that's the what state 811: uh Interviewer: you got any magnolia trees here 811: got very few uh that I know of Interviewer: yeah um {D: any other kind of laws here any kind of laurel trees here} 811: Mm mm alright uh well now I wanted to the change the subject and talk with ya about about folks and things like that when a when a married woman couldn't make up her mind about something she say I better ask my my husband Interviewer: okay uh she'd say like your ol' your father what would he call his wife he would call her his 811: his wife Interviewer: okay or any other any other names uh 811: uh well the first one you would say my phone and most of Americans I mean uh {D: alias} talking to people he would say my wife Interviewer: or my old 811: old lady Interviewer: okay and she'd say my old 811: {NW} my old man Interviewer: old man okay uh a woman who whose husband is dead is uh 811: uh it's uh a mix uh uh let's see Interviewer: her husband was dead 811: she's a widow Interviewer: What if she what if her husband just left her 811: uh well she still a widow uh Interviewer: did you did you you know any of the your grandparents 811: uh yeah I knew three of um Interviewer: you did 811: yeah Interviewer: that's right you told me that I think um and what did you call them you called your grandfather what 811: uh my Nan was uh {X} we I called him papa Interviewer: yeah she was your 811: grandma grandpa Interviewer: okay uh let's see that was on your mother's side 811: uh yeah Interviewer: okay what about your on your 811: on my uh on my daddy's side I uh on my father's side I knew his mother Interviewer: okay she was born to your parents 811: uh-huh Interviewer: okay could uh could either of your grandparents read and write or uh I mean or any of the three that you knew 811: no not that I know of Interviewer: what did they do they were were they here of the place 811: uh well uh they was living on different places uh uh um {D: bob was uh um Paris} they were living like on one form uh a plantation is what you might call it it was more or less a form and a the other one was living like on a plantation Interviewer: yeah they were um #1 well on the # 811: #2 {D: the} # Interviewer: if went back to Florida they'd probably slaves right I mean your grandparents 811: well they would uh they might have been slaves before uh during the time that I was born the slavery was over with Interviewer: sure yeah I know that I mean you only {NW} you're only thirty-eight you know 811: uh ` wha- what it was they they were pretty free to go where they want to go if they felt like leaving uh I guess what it was it was uh I did where I wanted to go they put much bed on the oil there you know like during the slavery times some one like that come and tell you or kill them all the time you know what I'm talking about they went out on there own they didn't have no education that there the only thing they knew was farming little stuff like that Interviewer: yeah 811: so you got to imagine huh they had each other they could have left if they wanted to I imagine where they put to it they want they would stay you know {D: no on could have put it they would take a guess} Interviewer: that was right after the 811: uh {NS} I said that was right after the the depression they say the depression was just about around thirty-seven and that was about six seven years after the depression when I was old enough to know {NW} what was now I remember when we had to to have uh stamps to buy what we wanted coupons if you would buy your book up you just was caught but you couldn't get more that about twenty-five a loaf or sugar Interviewer: was that during the 811: uh it was about the that was in the right round the fifties uh let's see mm uh back from the yeah that was around forty forty-eight forty-nine Interviewer: okay uh now um you have a name besides the name your known by in the family 811: mm {X} calls me Joe Interviewer: you didn't have a 811: uh no what you call a nickname no they uh put a bunch of but everybody calls me Joe Interviewer: um something that would have a a kind of a crib on wheels for babies would be called a 811: a a that would be a baby crib Interviewer: okay but did you see the one you could take the baby out in 811: uh uh eh uh baby stroller yeah you go out and why why day for a stroll Interviewer: okay um you know when a woman was was gonna have a baby you'd say she's 811: she's expecting or that she's pregnant Interviewer: uh what would women say to each other when they were talking about it they'd say she 811: she's expecting that she's going to have a baby uh Interviewer: if she didn't have a husband 811: oh well it was there the sheep sheep there we didn't talk about it too much {NW} got a little backed up Interviewer: okay they'd say she she what 811: she got caught for somebody Interviewer: she got caught 811: yeah Interviewer: okay or she got herself 811: got herself played or messed up Interviewer: okay um she got not what they were saying 811: not Interviewer: like that okay um when you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you might send for is a uh 811: the maid they'd say uh Interviewer: in old times they called her uh who were you delivered by a doctor 811: no I was deliver by by one of these uh uh shoot I can't think of the name of it Interviewer: when a boy had the same color hair or the same eyes as the father they'd say the boy 811: resembles his his father Interviewer: okay {NW} what that say a boy around the neighborhood who started picking up lots of bad habits like your father make a few drink a lot or something like that they'd say that boy sure 811: sure takes after your daddy {NW} he drank everyday Interviewer: yeah that boys just a 811: he act just like his daddy Interviewer: yeah um but now your parents uh like you say when you come you say you were differently uh 811: yeah we's gonna brought up kinda strict Interviewer: yeah and uh to a child that was misbehaving uh you'd say you're going to get uh 811: you gonna get a whipping boy Interviewer: okay any other way of saying it your daddy he'll pull the belt off and give you a good 811: a good whipping or even a good spanking Interviewer: did uh what would uh what would you say to uh to a big boy say a boy about sun sized you ever give him uh 811: what what are you trying to do I used to whip him then he got a certain age and I found out after they get that age {D: and they like it they like the punishment and they want more} and you whip them and you whip them right there but if you punish them he's gonna learn for a long time and gradually I'd punish him for a month and then go no where {D: and he'll tell all his friends about you gonna be set at the place} but I can't go well how come you can't go well you're gonna tell your friends he's punished and he'd make up some kind of excuses there but if I whip him it's all over after the whipping I found out and punished him put in a whole lot more and almost any kid has that certain age there where they wanna go visit here or there I go the grind pairs somewhere and if you can punish him he's gonna learn it's gonna do him a whole lot more good Interviewer: yeah 811: and with the um Interviewer: you might say he act now that he's 811: yes yes he's uh not happy as he is I think punish him is is gonna do a whole lot Interviewer: now well wait uh if he's five inches taller this year you'd say he certainly 811: has grown Interviewer: grown a lot in the past year then uh the you came up so fast you could only see 811: to see him grow Interviewer: like your boy 811: yeah he Interviewer: from last year he 811: uh he grown I'd say about four inches and put on he put on maybe twenty-five pounds Interviewer: okay now um a child that was born to a unmarried woman is a uh well what do they call you know what did you hear coming up they have a name for them 811: I don't Interviewer: Well I'll be I'll be frank with you you know I guess things were a little different 811: you know we didn't if I didn't make a whole lot of difference the bad we didn't do like the kids do today Interviewer: yeah 811: if we as we a horse had to call us up we didn't know or cared for what come Interviewer: yeah 811: and we never did even if we knew of it we didn't know if she was married or not or {D: what the people would do or be if we guess it} Interviewer: right 811: playing down about the whole thing Interviewer: yeah 811: and uh and you never had a the part they talk about you know lets she was uh had a kid out of wedlock or something like that Interviewer: the baby was yeah 811: was born without a a out of wedlock with no father something like that we'd never hear that Interviewer: okay but um in this area Joe I know there was a lot of there was what about a baby that was say a baby that was born to a to a white girl or a poor white girl or something like that would they have a name for that kind of a jesting name for it 811: uh Interviewer: you know or okay now your brothers son is called your 811: nephew Interviewer: okay um a child that had lost both it's be it's just a it's if it's lost both it's parents it's 811: it's gonna be a adopted kid Interviewer: or it's a or uh yeah you know somebody that lost both his parents you'd say he was a they adopted a what 811: uh a kid that is an orphan is a Interviewer: an orphan ? 811: an orphan um Interviewer: and who would look after him his legal 811: his legal guards I'd say or suppose they'd it's my aunt or his aunt or whatever or the closest kin to him usually at that time it's either the aunt or the mama uh or one of the parents Interviewer: yes 811: or someone will take it like it is or put it up for adoption Interviewer: but he'd have a legal guardian 811: a legal guardian um well Interviewer: now you'd say this town is full of my uh or if you've got a lot of cousins or nephews or nieces around you'd say this town is full of my 811: kinfolk Interviewer: okay somebody might have the same family name as you and look a little like you but you say no 811: they not related to me Interviewer: no 811: no kin Interviewer: no relation okay now somebody who came into town and nobody had seen before he's a 811: a stranger Interviewer: it make any difference what part he came from he's from another country 811: well if you are thinking he is from another country if he had come to a town like this Interviewer: they'd call him a 811: they would call him a foreigner Interviewer: okay would they ever say that about a person who's from the north 811: I doubt it we'd probably call him a Yankee Interviewer: okay 811: but they wore they before that Interviewer: alright um okay now okay what relation would my mother's sister be to me 811: uh that would be your aunt Interviewer: okay um a couple common names for girls that start with an M would be 811: uh Mary Interviewer: or any other ones 811: uh Martha Interviewer: okay uh what about a a male goat is called a what kind of goat uh a nanny goat and a 811: a male goat Interviewer: the uh 811: uh papa goat Interviewer: okay uh remember that old bandit called the kid called what uh okay the nickname for Will or William would be what if your father had the name of William you call him your 811: oh uncle William Interviewer: okay or we have another name your uncle William 811: your William Interviewer: he'd be your what 811: my uncle William Interviewer: okay uh now a short name for that would be what 811: uh uncle will Interviewer: okay you know Jimmy Carter has a brother what's his name you know what his name is 811: Doug Doug {X} I know he smoke about six packs of cigarettes a day I don't know who he is Interviewer: yeah yeah drinks a lot of beer too 811: I didn't know about the beer I tell you He smoke a lot of cigarettes I seen him on TV Interviewer: Yeah {NW} yeah well he's a he's a okay he's named Biff uh Biff 811: {D: Budney} Interviewer: yeah {NS} okay you ever know anybody by that name you call them a male goat by that name you ever heard called a billy 811: a billy goat Interviewer: yes oh okay um {NS} now now a nickname for a girl named Helen would be well H-E-L-L-Y spells 811: Helly Interviewer: and and the L-L-Y N-E-L-L-Y you ever heard a woman named that oh okay yep now another name beginning in m for a man would be what think well lets see the four gospels you ever heard the bible 811: yes Interviewer: okay they were written by Mark Luke John and 811: Matthew Interviewer: huh 811: Matthew Interviewer: okay {NS} um a woman's name with an S would be what 811: uh that'd be Sarah Interviewer: okay or if your if your father had a brother john he'd be your 811: uncle Interviewer: you'd call him your 811: uncle john Interviewer: okay um now what about a wo- a barrel maker would be a what they called them in the old days what did they call them you know what they call a barrel maker in the old days 811: no Interviewer: okay do you know what the uh the the baseball hall of fame you know did you ever watch baseball on TV 811: yeah Interviewer: okay they said it somewhere 811: to Cooperstown uh New York Interviewer: okay now that name 811: uh coop coopers Interviewer: cooper okay if you saw a woman by that name you'd say good morning 811: uh ms cooper Interviewer: um now a preacher Joe who was a trained and he didn't have a regular pulpit and he preached on a Sunday here or there but he didn't he made his living doing something else he'd be called a what 811: a Interviewer: they have a name for it like when you're across what what religion were you before you were catholic 811: methodist Interviewer: you were 811: yeah Interviewer: well methodist I am a methodist um you'd call him what kind of preacher now did you have those kind of fellows travel around and preach to the church 811: what the what we had them I'm sure that's what he was he would ask for that on Sunday he had a couple of more judges yeah Interviewer: okay now what about a man you would trust to build you a chicken coop but you wouldn't trust him to build anything else you'd say he was what kind of carpenter 811: that would be a jack league Interviewer: #1 okay # 811: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: would you ever say that about a preacher like that 811: uh yeah Interviewer: you'd say he was 811: jack league preacher {NW} Interviewer: okay would you say that about a lawyer uh {NW} 811: {X} Interviewer: Yeah um did you uh now when you were talking about somebody in the army you they'd be called a what 811: A soldier Interviewer: Okay or somebody who was high up would be a uh 811: Uh Uh Be a sergeant or Captain or Lieutenant Interviewer: Higher than that 811: A major Interviewer: And then higher than that would be a 811: Uh Interviewer: Who's that old fellow who invented fried chicken 811: Uh {NW} Colonel Interviewer: Okay and then higher than him would be a well I mean you talking about old when you're talking about say Eisenhower they call him a what 811: Be a general Interviewer: Alright um now the man who who who's presides over the county court here is a what 811: Uh Interviewer: In in town 811: Oh that's the uh That would be the mayor Interviewer: Okay or no who presides over the court he wears a black robe 811: Oh the judge Interviewer: Yeah you got who's who's the fellow in town 811: Uh We ain't got not judge in uh Church Point. Interviewer: Yeah 811: Uh Our circuit judge is uh {NW} In Crowley Uh Where we got uh we got our mayor Town counsel and everything yeah if anything going Into town that's where You had a beaten idea {D: Say where you go to hire your coach, you go uh} To Crowley Interviewer: Yeah is is Crowley where you go to do most of your 811: So yeah that's where uh the courthouse and everything is Interviewer: You go there to do your 811: Uh Your business uh Whatever Interviewer: Yeah but I mean when you got to say do some 811: Uh Interviewer: You go Okay you're talking about going to town to do some 811: Oh shopping or Interviewer: Yes 811: Or uh Uh You don't have to go Crowley to do your - You go to Church Point and do your shopping but uh Like Legal business uh And that's when you got uh all the {X} Interviewer: Yeah 811: That would be uh At the courthouse at Crowley Interviewer: Okay um around around a courthouse they got a what they got one of those big old you know a place around the courthouse where you can you can sit and there'd be trees and grass 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 And everything # 811: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 They call that # A what that's a 811: Uh they call that the courthouse square Interviewer: Uh now somebody who would be employed in an office like in in Crowley or something like that would be called a private the man's private you know she'd look after his mail and everything 811: Or a private secretary Interviewer: Yeah uh what's a person who went uh who was when you went into town would you go into the to see a what to see a 811: Uh You could go in to see a doctor or Interviewer: Go to the where if you wanted to be entertained you go to the where would you see a play or a movie 811: Or at at the movies Interviewer: Okay 811: Go into town to see a a movie Interviewer: And you'd go to the what 811: Uh to the theater Interviewer: Uh now let's see uh they say that uh they'd somebody was an actor John Wayne was an actor or uh Nicole Bailey was a a woman was a 811: A singer or actor Interviewer: Okay a woman would be a a man was an actor a woman would be a you know a woman you see on TV she's a what she's a 811: A female actor Interviewer: Okay or actress 811: Actress Interviewer: Uh now anybody born in in this country is a you know 811: Is a citizen of the United States Interviewer: Yeah when you start thinking about the problems other countries have it makes you proud that you're 811: You're a Citizen of the United States Interviewer: Yeah that you're a 811: A a citizen Interviewer: Yeah uh you know they say uh I'm proud those stickers you see on cars 811: I Interviewer: Bumper sticker 811: I'm proud to be American Interviewer: Right um um now but things were I know were different long ago when say when your farm was coming up and they had different facilities for even different water fountains f 811: Yeah {D: Well what actually did we} had that In North Louisiana Interviewer: Yeah 811: When I was coming up there, that been about Ten twelve years ago Interviewer: Yeah, was it- was it- what about here 811: Uh A lot of trouble we had The year that I remember Uh That was between the black and the white it was They didn't want to segregate the schools And they uh And they Started uh Some of 'em put uh well I was under the instruction to get married Uh Interviewer: To where 811: The instruction- you had to go to the instruction to get married And uh Interviewer: Oh Catholic 811: Yeah And uh we had a bunch of priests doctors and such that would come down And speak So we went Uh Me and my wife Was two black couples that was going there was Twenty-two couples And the rest was white {X} And then my sister went and saw it About uh Three or Three or four months after this And uh The uh Went there with shotguns started to say that black man over there they're going to kill him And so uh Interviewer: For what for 811: They didn't want him going To We had a church in our quarter they had a church And they didn't want us to go up there So Everybody finds out about that that was you know like The fellow I was working for He found out about it and he told me And he told me there and my sister not to go And some of the The big people that was in town was involved in Interviewer: The man you worked for you called him 811: {X} He uh He didn't tell me nothing about it Because he knew I wasn't going didn't know my sister and I was going But uh My mother-in-law She knew- a lady that she was working for- she finds out about it so she {X} {D: Then she thought got to go to} instruction And so they they didn't go they was around there with guns and stuff saying they was gonna kill her And it went on like that Uh And they start to- the blacks started to try push it some of them some of them was bullied But most of them didn't care about it Because uh We had our own church and everything we had our clubs and stuff If we wanted to go drink a beer or something But most of 'em wanted to go to the Wanted to go to the white church {X} {D: They're white they} Bruised 'em up beat 'em up So then uh The blacks decided they wanted a school The federal government wasn't going to build the school and it was segregated Interviewer: Federal government 811: The federal government wasn't gonna give no funds to build the school And that would segregate the school Okay to build the school Said they're just going to segregate it Uh The school they built for the black was just going to be from uh From the eight And go to the The tenth grade Interviewer: It'd be the eight 811: {NW} The ni- eighth ninth and tenth I believe is what it was {D: That is} The six seven eight nine Yeah it was six seven eight and nine they had to find a way For it Why then They didn't want to {D: Give no driver's ed's course} When they got there {D: This Jones as if he's} From New York He came down here and led a march Uh They went uh picket uh The school board {X} And then people made the mistake of getting out of their office To come see what was going on it was hot that day We was hauling in rice And they made the mistake of getting out of that air conditioned office and come outside And then they wouldn't let them get back in Interviewer: Whew 811: And then they just stayed out there all day in that hot sun And uh Well I was in the civil defense then So they Called us and told us to stand by They had the sheriff department police department out there And uh After that day they got what they wanted {NW} And after that They segregated the schools And uh Interviewer: You mean they integrated 811: Yeah They integrated the schools All the schools the convert and everything Interviewer: Yeah 811: And whenever and the kids had that choice whether they wanted to make their first community confirmation they could have made it with that class Or either they could have went to another church And uh {NS} And we'd been Went over to kids my kids uh Made their first communion or A confirmation we all went to the white church and it was just as nice {X} Her best friend is Is white people And {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 811: After the ones that wanted to push you know Push it before it was time {D: admitted bad on them} They didn't need you know just as long as I had a priest to go I didn't care if anybody was going to their places And uh Then And whenever they had something {X} If they needed something like needed some help or something wanted us to go away Interviewer: Uh-huh 811: For a {D: Civil defense} We'd go Yeah shouldn't- we did something back from one of the stores or something uh {X} She We had to learn about it And fellows with {X} And everything Interviewer: Yeah um well what what did they call what would what would they call you in other words when they got 811: Uh when they got mad at you You you think they mostly we were the poor like we were They'd call you a nigger Interviewer: Yeah 811: Or stuff like that Interviewer: Okay 811: Would you think a man that was intelligent It's very seldom he'd call you that But you take a poor fellow That was {X} Yeah, they would be the first one that was gonna call you that Interviewer: Yeah okay um when when they uh alright well when what would you call them in other words did you did did other folks have names for them 811: Oh they'd call them kids and honkies And stuff like that I never put myself in a position where I was called what Interviewer: Yeah 811: {NW} But you know Forget me {X} Interviewer: Okay 811: But I had a few of 'em When we were smaller calling me that there They had some rascals They'll call it to you just to call it to you Interviewer: Yeah we talked about 811: Well you I I'd say uh Interviewer: Like the man you worked for he was you'd call him a what they'd call well I mean they would call he would call them a what you know there was a difference between a poor white and a rich man in other words and they would call him a 811: {X} We called him a a poor fellow That that was the fellow {D: arrived there at the lowest one he} {D: Now he'd call him a poor frog in a minute} Interviewer: Okay now a Cajun was a what 811: A Cajun Was what you call a French man Interviewer: Okay you ever hear them called a coon hat 811: Yeah they'd call {NW} They're they're called another {X} you know Interviewer: What 811: {NW} Uh the whites you call them a coon hat Interviewer: Okay we mentioned the word pecker wood do you ever hear them say that 811: Yeah Call them peckerwood or a {D: humpy} But during the time Interviewer: #1 That was # 811: #2 when there was a # Interviewer: What blacks would say to them 811: Yeah Interviewer: It was okay 811: And {D: looking you had to make a white that was on} Interviewer: Yeah 811: But you know i- it got so {D: on the last} W- with a black After a white would call them a- a nigger or something Interviewer: Yeah 811: Th- the ones that had a little sense They'd tell you {X} You know who your brother is Interviewer: Oh I know I know 811: They'd tell him something like that you know It'd make him mad enough he wanted to fight you it'd {D: appeal to nobody} Wasn't anybody's business Interviewer: Yeah well uh showed a lot more sense in it than a lot of folks around here uh but um did you ever hear the word cracker used? like we- we- okay uh now and then there were the type of men who who lived way back in the woods or the type of people who lived way back in the woods and they hardly ever got out of the town was there a place around here that they could live like that 811: Yeah I I know some people that are {NS} Live like that now Uh I don't believe they even got no electricity Interviewer: They're just 811: They can go to town but they go to town about once a month {NS} They live about a Mile a half down this road here {D: Maybe even further} Interviewer: You say they're what they're 811: Well There's people that Interviewer: They call them what 811: Uncivilized you know they didn't Follow When everything else came {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 811: When the world was getting to be civilized they They stayed in a nutshell Interviewer: Uh somebody who lived back in a swamp like that they'd call them a 811: Uh Interviewer: Or somebody maybe who lived up in the Piney Woods up in north Louisiana they have names for them 811: Uh yeah they did let me think they were called {NS} {NW} They didn't like to call them hillbillies Interviewer: Alright you know what a Hoosier was you ever hear that 811: Uh-uh Interviewer: Okay uh but a {D: bakra} you never anybody call anybody a {D: bakra} okay or a peck same thing 811: Oh yeah {NW} Interviewer: A peck right okay {NS} Somebody uh was was waiting for you to get ready and you had to go out with him and he'd call to you and he'd say will you be ready soon and you say I'll be with you in 811: In a minute Interviewer: Just 811: Uh Just a minute Interviewer: Okay uh when you were going out and you knew you were on the right road to go somewhere but you weren't sure uh of the distance you'd say uh you'd ask somebody on the road you'd say how 811: How far uh Such city {NS} Interviewer: To going to say to Crowley you'd say how 811: How far do I have left to go to get to Crowley Interviewer: Okay uh when you're pointing out something nearby to somebody you'd say what now 811: That over there Interviewer: Look 811: Look over there Interviewer: Yeah uh and somebody wanted to know how many times you went to Crowley they'd ask you how 811: How many times did I Interviewer: How o- how 811: How often did you go to Crowley Interviewer: Okay uh okay when um when you wanted to agree with a friend when he was saying something that I'm not going to do that you might say well me 811: I ain't going to do it either Interviewer: Okay me 811: Me either Interviewer: Okay uh blank am I uh you'd say blank am I or am I 811: Neither am I Interviewer: Neither am I uh now when you okay when you're feeling uh Joe when you're feeling a little uh you're feeling a little say feverish or something like that you might what do you feel to see whether you got whether it's your heart or not 811: I feel my forehead or Interviewer: Yeah 811: Check my pulse or Interviewer: Yeah you do that occasionally now you you've gotten where you take better care of yourself now 811: {NW} {D: try to} {NW} Interviewer: Yeah 811: A whole lot better care I I got to tell you how- I never realized how sick I was Interviewer: Yeah 811: Until I was still {D: this way} Had so many things that That I went on doing it that long I was over there but I don't remember {NS} Interviewer: Did like did your uh did you ever know that you had high blood pressure before 811: Yeah Interviewer: Heart attack 811: Mm-hmm Interviewer: How long was that 811: Uh The doctor had told me Interviewer: Yeah 811: About two years before I had the first heart attack He told me He said if you don't quit eating all that seasoning And All that rich food and stuff you see you're going to have a stroke either a heart attack And he's a doctor he lacks the He lacks his patience but he What he says that's where you ought to go Interviewer: Yeah 811: And he'll cuss you out in a minute And I say Interviewer: Uh-huh 811: And sure enough {NS} I made it thirty years old {NW} I had one Well that's it He knew what he was talking about Interviewer: Yeah 811: And then I {D: folded hard and} Got carried away and I Didn't think of myself again Had another one Interviewer: Yeah 811: {X} Interviewer: What 811: {NW} Interviewer: Let me whether you had things like that 811: Uh How long you going to be uh Well #1 {D: gone now} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # I I'll be here through um I guess tomorrow the day after would that be okay would you 811: {NS} {NW} Let me see tomorrow Tomorrow's Wednesday Interviewer: Yeah 811: {NW} Uh Interviewer: {D: Hey June} 811: {NW} Yeah so we're done {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Sure your sister or your mother there {X} 811: Uh Interviewer: It ain't it ain't contaminated or anything 811: {NW} Interviewer: I just brought some of it out here 811: You can't close it you've got to go from the outside uh You find all your stuff {NS} Interviewer: {D: What about this} 811: That's the one medicine they never did love {NS} {D: bad} Interviewer: What was in the can 811: Uh that's uh your your vitamin Interviewer: There in that little bottle 811: Uh yeah but he say he do that About Interviewer: Give to eat 811: Huh Interviewer: Give to eat 811: He said you're gonna eat it That that uh he's taking a {X} Off his feet {NS} And uh {NS} That that one medicine the one in that little bag Interviewer: Mm-hmm 811: Uh he said take it and put it in his {D: feed} Interviewer: {X} 811: Yeah that's the dose of one but I told him you Either right around five-hundred dollars Interviewer: {X} 811: {D: How do they get it that small} I thought you were supposed to {X} Interviewer: {X} 811: No way We thought I might got it Interviewer: You give me the flu 811: Yeah Interviewer: Oh let me get somebody {X} 811: I seen you {D: fracking} In there this morning might've seen him outside Went to put him back in I didn't go all the way {NS} Interviewer: {X} 811: {NS} Uh go move his car {D: doing that} Interviewer: Oh my car 811: Yeah Your keys on {NS} Interviewer: Okay would Thursday afternoon be okay 811: Uh Yeah Interviewer: Okay what time about 811: Uh Interviewer: Same time 811: About oh yeah about two Interviewer: Okay 811: {NS} Hill busy hillbilly music or country music Interviewer: Yeah 811: That's uh definitely {X} Interviewer: Um let's see yeah that's okay {X} 811: Oh All right Interviewer: Um how's the weather how's the weather been down here have y'all had any rain 811: Mm no we haven't had no rain since uh Uh last week when we got that That flood Interviewer: Yeah when you go a long time without having rain here you say you're having a 811: A drought Interviewer: Yeah right now you just say you're having a I'm having a drought 811: No we Don't Really re- need no rain right now Interviewer: Yeah 811: Uh not for the farmers' use use because they uh For their much got enough for a while Interviewer: Yeah um when was the last now that rain you said we had a couple weeks ago that was a 811: Well uh with the last week uh I would call that a flood Interviewer: Flood when you uh you say you might not be having a real heavy rain you might just be having a 811: Well We'd call it a little sprinkle or Interviewer: Yeah when when you have lot of rain come at a little time that's a 811: That's a flood Interviewer: Yeah say we had a regular 811: {NW} R- a regular flood or regular downpour Interviewer: Downpour uh say when you get a lot of do you ever get a lot of thunder and lightning with that or 811: {NW} Yeah generally some will get quite uh Electric storms or And it's real bad rain though Oh dear if you had one of that {D: full day} in the morning or something you You were around a TV shop You can't get there cause it doesn't boy almost everybody's TV In the neighborhood Or like during the day {D: more than one} Connect their TVs or Or you get a bad one like {D: full day} In the morning People don't get up and disconnect them after lightning hit their Anyway not all Uh anyway you got your switches cut off if you got them still plugged to this {D: boiler} If it hit the {D: wasp} You get a Quite a bit of that here in the summer Interviewer: Do you get any bad winds around here 811: Uh Mostly the winds you get Real bad winds there's uh In hurricanes {NW} Uh Let's see fifty-seven We had a bad bad hurricane With Hurricane Audrey That was the first one over in new And it uh Came out the mouth of the Mississippi up there on Cameron I don't know what I think it's Cameron Parish Oh it killed Oh hundreds and hundreds of people It uh It washed 'em out about The the tidal winds and stuff Washed them up the Lake Charles Interviewer: {NW} 811: And on these streets they just had bodies stacked up All the way to Everybody that they had about two or three people that survived that were That was in {D: it all} Interviewer: A lot of people got 811: They- They wanted them to get out but the people wouldn't leave {X} {NS} Wanted to send the national guard and that would make them get out they wouldn't get out And the storm just Tidal waves came in there Just washed them away They found a couple Three of 'em on houses and mattresses and stuff in trees The snakes were so bad most of 'em they find was in shock They had to cut the branches They was holding so tight to They couldn't make 'em turn loose they had to take something and cut the branches to get them out of the tree or Whatever Interviewer: Where was that 811: That was in uh Cameron Parish that- that's uh south of Lake Charles That's right to the To the gulf Interviewer: Uh do you get any bad winds here 811: Uh The last hurricane we had I don't remember what year it was but I would wake up and assume the fence had uh Interviewer: What did it do 811: And uh report we got uh Oh yeah it was clocked at about a hundred and three miles an hour Interviewer: {NW} 811: That was about Four Four forty-five in the morning And then it lasted About for fifteen minutes And then it kind of that's when we just before we got to die of the hurricane it And then it landed uh Then about for Fifteen minutes it stayed calm calm When we was in the eye of it After the eye passed we got uh winds about up to ninety miles an hour again was Kind of on the backside of it But b- just before the high end that's when we got about About a hundred and three miles an hour Interviewer: Oh did it do any damage does it ever do any damage to things around here 811: Uh This wind you don't get Uh Too much down here this blows uh roofs off barns and uh {NS} Well it does enough like trailer houses it blows them over But uh it was Three years ago Uh In Crowley we had a tornado came through just before {X} Interviewer: And it 811: It flattened everything in its pass Well We- I went by there uh They called us up About four oh clock in the afternoon to go uh {NS} {X} At night And I got there about Six thirty But I didn't hear how bad Bad it was you know uh we just went out then they put us to our post Well you watch this while the people go in there looting and stealing and stuff So we just Sat out there in the Here come a state trooper, and you say you say I'm going to take you Sight seeing They didn't have no power all electricity was cut off Interviewer: Yeah 811: And we passed on {X} Said that's where a big house was right there There was nothing Just a vacant lot Some {NW} Houses you would pass by that was brick houses Interviewer: They had 811: They had no walls no top nothing And whatever they had sitting on the table cars and stuff they're all parked and stuff just like that They had 'em parking over they had on the table was on the table It hadn't disturbed none of that but first uh The frame of the building it was gone And uh Nobody Got killed in there But it happened in the morning before day One person died from there out in the country but it Oh it must have destroyed maybe about Seventy-five eighty ninety homes That was a total Disaster {D: endured} Interviewer: Hmm 811: That was one of the worst things they used To me usually see that on TV You know elsewhere, but you see that close on Interviewer: The wind that's just 811: Oh that Tornado just came through and Had people that tell me that uh in their brick house that they heard it coming you know Just a big roaring noise And uh They had the air conditioning on in the brick house and all the wind that It it just would take it and suck it and blow it up They had so much pressure If they would've had a window Or something open But it it had The They told me they had so much pressure in that uh {D: cycle that it was turning} They said it must have been Going anywhere From two hundred to three hundred miles an hour see that {D: type of wind} About two good seconds for it to go through Interviewer: Hmm 811: And uh One lady told me she had a A window up in the bathroom A crack in it And she had the door closed And she the roaring noise it passed about A block Well it had tore up stuff a block from her house {NW} And she said when she woke up The curtains were sticking to the window And you couldn't pull them back And finally she fit And opened the door Into the bathroom She couldn't raise no windows up and the window that had the crack in it {NW} When she opened it she said her house had started cracking Interviewer: {NW} 811: And when she opened it The door she got a chance to raise the window And she said uh It There the rain And wind so curtain was standing stiff {NS} It had sucked the {NW} Said that's what usually happened if you've got a brick house because with double wood frame house You got cracks Interviewer: Yeah 811: And it's going to do that But a brick house that's well sealed It'll blow up uh with the suction and just suck it off Interviewer: Uh if you say the wind is coming from that direction where does the wind come from the wind 811: Well Usually when you got well it may come from anywhere it may come from the Way over the clouds if you've got a Come from the south but most of them you get them from the south it's coming out of the Out of the gulf Very soon you'll get one coming From the west or the north Most of them will come out of the The south southwest or Southeast Interviewer: Yeah um did it ever okay now when you have a just a little light rain you say you're having a 811: Well just getting a little sprinkle Interviewer: When you wake up something a little harder than a sprinkle was a you know 811: A shower Interviewer: When you wake up uh in the morning sometimes do you ever does it ever can you not see outside 811: I guess sometime it's foggy Interviewer: Yeah 811: It'd be fog Interviewer: You get you get that here a lot 811: Uh Interviewer: It rolls in off the gulf 811: Uh yeah but most of it you get just patches You don't get uh You might Leave from church it ain't got none you get up and you can't see nothing But uh Sometimes you get just a solid block of it before you You know The whole community you might {X} And the more closer you get around water the worse it is Uh don't have too too much water Right there We in one of the best Part of the country for tornadoes and hurricanes Course we get some here but where we're at we're kind of on a hill we ain't got no bottom and they told me the spot I A low place wherever there's water And uh I you know well we We don't get Too too many but we get our share Interviewer: Yeah um do you have any ways you tell the weather or you know since you've been farming all your life 811: Uh You know a farmer's a gambler He just takes his chances he You might have called a weather forecast long range weather forecast They might tell you uh Especially like during a Hay season You don't want to cut no hay and have it rain or {NW} You'll call the weather forecast anyway you're going to have s- Sunny skies for a week And you go out there and cut hay fifty sixty acres of hay and it starts to rain Another thing you do is use your own judgment if you will {D: oh the weather is} When you get out there say well we're going to take our chances it ain't going to rain we're going to cut it Interviewer: Yeah 811: But uh you can hardly tell too much predict the weather too much Interviewer: Um you can look at the 811: Or you can look at the the skies and Kind of make up your mind Decide what you're going to do It the same way like uh well almost anything on the farm like if you want the flat rice or Cut rice or something Usually when you have a hurricane coming that's uh The hurricane season during harvest time the rice yeah And uh if your rice a little green You're going to lose on the On the yield if you cut it green But after a hurricane hit you you'll lose more So if you can get enough labor to get in there and help you to cut it That way it's kind of grain you're going to lose but you You ever lose as much if you let the hurricane come blow it all down Interviewer: Uh when you look at the sky you look at the 811: Or you look at the clouds or the weather Interviewer: Yeah 811: Try to Try to predict it Interviewer: Yeah what about the wind like uh 811: Usually if you get a A south wind You can kind of A strong south wind you can kind of expect rain but if You get a A dry east wind Or like a either a north wind You're going to worry too much about rain {NS} Like I said It's on the fence {NS} Would you go out and close that door please Aux: All right Interviewer: What this 811: Yeah it well I Interviewer: I thought I closed it 811: No it uh sticks whenever the sun shines on it you've got to {X} Interviewer: What 811: Um {NS} In the morning In the mornings it open good Interviewer: Yeah 811: And after the sun's shining on it and that night It opens and close I don't know what happened to it {NS} It ain't supposed to sway {NS} Interviewer: Yeah strange huh um now on a day when you look up at the sky and there are no clouds around you say I believe I'm going to have a 811: Uh a clear day Interviewer: Okay 811: No rain Interviewer: It's gonna be a what kind of day say 811: It's gonna be a pretty day Interviewer: Pretty day uh and then on an opposite kind of day it's not a nice day and sunny and shining and bright you'd say it's a 811: Cloudy day Interviewer: Cloudy day some mighty kind of weather we're having a mighty 811: Mighty bad weather we're having Interviewer: Um the clouds are getting thicker and thicker and you think you figure you're going to have some rain or something you know and the wind stops and and you say I believe the weather is 811: Is fixing to change we're going to get some rain Interviewer: Yeah and the wind might have been going pretty hard and it just 811: Some of the wind comes down you can expect rain {NW} Interviewer: Or when you've been out in the field and the wind has been gentle and it starts 811: Starting to kick up you can expect a change in the weather The wind's gonna shift or Either it's gonna rain Interviewer: Yeah uh well if it's been cloudy and uh the clouds pull away and the sun comes out you say the weather is 811: It's breaking up Interviewer: Uh a morning say in the fall when you first go outdoors like a couple nights ago we had that type of weather were you out there 811: No Interviewer: Late night Friday you find it's a little cold but not really disagreeably cold you say wind is kind of going 811: Kind of goes through you kind of nippy Interviewer: A little nippy a little oh it's a little what outside 811: Little chilly Interviewer: Chilly uh if there's a white coating on the ground in the morning you say you had a 811: A frost Interviewer: Do you uh you ever have any problems with water around here the water did what it might 811: Uh freeze up or Interviewer: Yeah 811: Dry We had some problems with this past winter more so {NS} Uh We haven't had a Winter like that in quite a while Interviewer: Yeah hmm uh but generally the weather's pretty good here 811: Yeah you get a For about the last uh Four or five years you had a good Year for harvesting the crops Interviewer: Yeah 811: That's the important day if you've got a good year to harvest Interviewer: With all the stuff they've got now they can pretty much make a crop can't they 811: Yeah Interviewer: They can raise them 811: {NW} They can pretty much raise a A good crop or Well a crop's like anything else if you've got the season for it Uh you can do good but if not {NW} The season and the price that's what makes the difference Interviewer: Yeah 811: And if you get two bad ones together you just caught Interviewer: Okay um now all right where did uh an old time storekeeper would keep his pistol behind his 811: Behind his ear Interviewer: Well if he was left-handed he'd keep it behind his 811: Uh he'd keep it behind his left ear Interviewer: And if he was right-handed 811: He'd keep it behind his right ear Interviewer: Okay uh now this is your you've got a chicken bone caught in your 811: In my throat Interviewer: Yeah they call it your 811: Your goozle Interviewer: Your goozle okay what is that 811: Uh what's a goozle Interviewer: Yeah 811: {NW} That means that's your throat Interviewer: Oh okay #1 They call it throat # 811: #2 {NW} # Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh when you go to the dentist he looks at your 811: At your teeth Interviewer: He'll pull a 811: He'll pull a teeth uh a tooth out Interviewer: Yeah you've got pretty good teeth you don't hardly ever have any problems with them 811: Oh I had quite a few when I was Young boy {NS} Toothache here It was awful Interviewer: And then there's a disease of a pyorrhea 811: Yeah Interviewer: Disease of the 811: Uh of the gums Interviewer: Um now this is the you call that the 811: The palm of your hand Interviewer: Yeah you could hold something in your 811: Hand in my hand The palm of my hand Interviewer: Uh okay now when you get mad at somebody you make 811: {NW} You made a fist Interviewer: When you duke it out with him say when you were duking it out with your brother 811: Oh was a- was a fight {NW} Interviewer: You hit him with both 811: Oh yeah hit him with both of 'em Interviewer: Both 811: Both fists Interviewer: Yeah uh now the upper part of a man's body is his 811: His chest Interviewer: Okay well they'd say they'd say uh you got broad 811: Broad shoulders Interviewer: Um when people start getting old they complain that they're getting stiff in their 811: In their arms their legs that they {X} Interviewer: Yeah stiff in the what 811: In their joints Interviewer: Uh and uh you got a pain in in both of your 811: Both of my foots Interviewer: Yeah uh when you go out in the dark you might stumble and bruise your 811: Uh your Your leg Interviewer: Yeah this is the front part of your leg 811: Yeah Interviewer: Call it your you know 811: Uh your knee Interviewer: Yeah but you ever you ever stumble over something in the dark 811: Yeah Interviewer: Bruise your just bruise the #1 Part of your # 811: #2 The # The part of your leg Interviewer: Yeah uh okay when uh say you were out at night with friends and and the ground was too cold to sit down on you would you would just do what s 811: Would just uh standing Interviewer: Stand up or you could you wanted to get warm by the fire so you would 811: Oh you could uh Make a fire And gather around it Interviewer: Gather around it you wouldn't stand up you'd 811: You'd just squat down Interviewer: Squat down on your what 811: On your uh Interviewer: Call it your you know what your hunkers are your you ever heard of that #1 Go for that # 811: #2 {X} # When you're all fours Interviewer: Yeah well no that's crawl that's when you get on your all fours you start to 811: Starting to crawl Interviewer: Yeah 811: {X} Interviewer: No hunker down you ever heard anybody say that 811: Yeah but we had other names for it Interviewer: Yeah uh somebody was sick a while he was up now but they say he still looks a little bit 811: He looks a little bit drowsy He don't look quite well yet Well he's getting along good Interviewer: They might say he probably felt a little 811: Kind of bad he feel Fell quite up {D: to forehead} Interviewer: Uh a person who who was overweight but real strong they'd say he was a 811: He was a big man Interviewer: Yeah mighty 811: Mighty strong Interviewer: Strong man or other words other ways to describe it would you ever say he was stout 811: Yeah if he was a heavier set man Interviewer: Would be a 811: A a big man Kind of overweight Interviewer: That'd be a 811: A heavyset man Interviewer: Okay or another way 811: A fat man Interviewer: Would you say stout 811: Yeah Interviewer: He was 811: A stout man Interviewer: Person who always had a smile on his face and never lost his temper 811: Believe that was a gentle fellow Interviewer: Yeah about him they'd say he's always in a 811: Always in a good humor Interviewer: Uh when I was a boy I would walk around and always stumble over things and somebody like me a person a parent would call 811: Uh {NW} Interviewer: You know a big boy like your boy 811: Uh yeah that was 'un-neat they Just leave all his stuff that is a {D: slouchy} Fellow Interviewer: {NW} Yeah also a fellow who uh who did things you know he was always knocking things over 811: Clumsy A clumsy fellow too Interviewer: Uh he didn't he didn't mean to do it he was just 811: Just clumsy he just Interviewer: Yeah he was 811: Careless Interviewer: Uh or you might say something somebody he didn't do it that wasn't an accident he did it 811: On purpose Interviewer: Uh a man who kept doing things that didn't make any sense they'd say he was just a plain 811: A plain in uh Plain stupid {NW} Interviewer: Uh you know kind who would always uh cut maybe planned to cut hay a day before you'd have a rain or something like that they'd say because of the 811: They'd be just stupid {NW} Interviewer: Yeah you ever hear call people a fool 811: Yeah Interviewer: You call folks a fool 811: Well Yeah they if uh I tried to call you stupid or either dumb Because if I had been called stupid That means he don't know he don't want to know Interviewer: Yeah 811: And in front of that's a fool {NW} He just don't know But if you want to make a fellow real bad you call him stupid that'd mean he don't know he don't want to know {NW} Interviewer: Yeah uh a person who will never spend a cent never spends his money 811: That man is tight He Interviewer: Uh what about a person who has plenty of money and hangs onto it he's a somebody who gets money and help from other people and doesn't give much or anything in return well he's a good he'll pay you good money but you'll have to earn it he's a regular 811: He's a regular hard fellow {X} He don't to give you that Interviewer: Okay um when when you use the word common about a person what would that mean 811: That mean he was just Something like everyday for others it means all he is is just you didn't Have to prepare yourself to talk to him or ask him something You always say it Interviewer: You'd say he's just a 811: Just a common fellow Interviewer: Uh an old person about eighty say who did all this farm work and never got tired they'd say I don't care how old he is he's 811: He's uh He's a strong old man Interviewer: Yeah he's somebody who was still quick did you ever have any folks in your family like that like your grandmother that could say maybe even though she was old she was still right she was still 811: Yeah when we first started they would call us Lazy and stuff because when they'd tell us to go do something we would drag our foots and they were all Always active They tell you I'd rather go do it myself if it's going to take you that long {NW} Interviewer: And they'd go do it 811: Go do it their self Or Sometimes and other times they You was glad they'd go do it because they did go do it when they come back you wish you had So that was a good worker Interviewer: Yeah if your children were out a little later than usual you'd feel a little 811: Uneasy That's the word that I When they go somewhere and they aren't back on time I usually go see for them Interviewer: Uh now some somebody who uh who doesn't want to go upstairs in the dark you'd say they're 811: They're Scared or either coward Interviewer: Yeah other words they'd say he's a 811: He's a coward Interviewer: A place like a dark road or along a graveyard is a you'd say it's a 811: A scary place Interviewer: Here right. A scary place uh she she isn't afraid now but she well uh let's say now somebody said I don't understand why she's afraid because she the way you say somebody used to be or now now then you'd say I don't understand why she's afraid now she 811: She didn't used to be afraid Interviewer: Yeah uh now there's nothing wrong with with say somebody who lives way back out in the woods by themselves but folks would say they just act so a little 811: A little weird {NW} Interviewer: Okay other words 811: Uh wacky wacky Interviewer: Yeah kind of just 811: Kind of cuckoo Interviewer: Just a touch they're a little bit 811: A little bit off Interviewer: Queer would you ever use that 811: Yeah Interviewer: Okay you'd say they 811: They're they're a little bit queer Interviewer: Okay has the word changed its meaning for you in recent years in other words give me give me a few examples of how you'd use it 811: Uh Run that by me again Interviewer: Okay how you would use it the word in other words would you ever say he is a queer to mean a person who was eccentric 811: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What would it mean then 811: Well that Kind of Come in the later years the early years he was Cuckoo or Crazy Interviewer: Yeah 811: Something like that that was the more common word In the last eight to ten years that's when you started hearing the They would have called him Weird or queer Interviewer: Okay and it would mean 811: That you Didn't have everything going {X} Well people could tell that he was kind of off a little bit He didn't have his right mind Interviewer: Yeah 811: That was just the people's opinion though Interviewer: Okay um so do you in other words it wouldn't have changed then 811: Uh Yeah it changed I said that it recently come out Interviewer: Okay what would they when they used the word queer about a guy in the city what would they mean there 811: {NW} Interviewer: They'd mean 811: {NW} Interviewer: They'd mean he was a homosexual 811: Yeah Interviewer: Okay all right um now somebody who makes up his mind and nobody could change him they'd say he's don't be so 811: So hard Uh Or so {D: Disunderstanding} Interviewer: Mm-hmm he's just a 811: A hard-headed fellow Interviewer: Uh-huh 811: He's being {X} Says {NW} Interviewer: He's what in his ways you'd say 811: He's set in his ways Interviewer: Uh now you can't you can't joke with a person without him losing his temper 811: He's short patient he gets mad in a hurry Interviewer: Uh-huh he gets awfully 811: Awfully mad Interviewer: Uh I didn't know he was going to I was just kidding about him 811: I didn't know he was going to get so mad {NW} Interviewer: Uh you've been working very hard you say you're very 811: Tired Interviewer: You're very very tired you say you're all 811: All wore out Interviewer: Okay if I'm I'm completely I'm just 811: Completely wore out Interviewer: I've had come in and tell the misses say I 811: I've had it Interviewer: Mm-hmm uh now somebody got overheated and chills and his eyes and his nose started running you'd say he 811: He had chills and a fever Interviewer: He must have 811: Got overheated Interviewer: Uh and talking about a cold you'd say they had you thought they had they must 811: He must have got overheated and Caught a cold Interviewer: Caught a cold uh {X} Voice 811: He was hoarse Interviewer: Okay and or like you right now you've got a bad 811: Bad health Interviewer: Well in other words it gives you a bad 811: A bad cough Interviewer: Does that does it give you that or 811: Uh Interviewer: Medicine you take 811: No it If I over talk I start to cough And then other times sometimes I don't be talking the doctors always tell me what it was Matter of fact I didn't ask him I have to ask him next time {X} Bad though it Happened It don't happen often Interviewer: Um you'd say I better go to bed I I'm feeling a little 811: Feeling tired Interviewer: Or 811: Little sleepy Interviewer: At six oh clock I'll 811: I'll go to bed Interviewer: Well I'll go to bed now and at six I'll 811: I'll get up Interviewer: Uh you might say he's still sleeping you better go 811: Wake him up Interviewer: Now somebody who can't hear well you'd say they're getting a little 811: Hard of hearing Interviewer: Okay or he you just got to shout at him you say 811: {NW} He hard of hearing Interviewer: He's 811: {NW} Interviewer: If he can hardly hear at all if he can't hear at all 811: Well he's He's uh Interviewer: Say 811: Deaf That- that's it Interviewer: Okay 811: Yeah Interviewer: Deaf or {C: pronunciation} 811: Deaf. Interviewer: Okay now you've been working hard you've been out in the field come in and take your shirt off and you look at it and you say look how I look how much I 811: I sweated Interviewer: Out there in the sun uh folks used to get a lot of these things that would come up on your arm or something like that and they'd make a big spot lump kind of red place with a core in it that was a 811: That was a boil Interviewer: Uh some of them would have just uh more than one core wouldn't they 811: Yeah Interviewer: You ever get them 811: Uh yeah I had some Boy they would hurt though Interviewer: And uh what would come out of them all the stuff that would drain out 811: Uh it was pus and Interviewer: Yeah other names for it they called it what all 811: Uh that uh head You had a head in there Long as you didn't get that out it would It would never kill you It'd just keep Coming back Interviewer: Yeah 811: If you didn't latch it and get it out then It might would go away but it'll come back about in a year And it was just something in your blood and you could uh The best thing for it was Tea leaves take them make a poison put on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 811: You'll do that at night the next morning the head would right to the top either take a The skin off the hull of an egg And put on if you could stand it Because it'll draw it If you could stand it all that night and if you could stand it the next morning you could bust it {NS} Then cut the head it was ready to bust But Interviewer: Skin off the hull of an egg you mean the inside part 811: Uh Interviewer: The egg 811: Right against the shell you got a little skin Interviewer: Yeah 811: Little Interviewer: Hard boiled 811: Huh Yeah Interviewer: When the egg's been boiled 811: Just a little bit of You'd just g- {NS} Skin it around just take it and lay it on there It'll kill it Interviewer: Yeah uh now if you got some infection in your hand and your hand got bigger then it 811: It was swollen Interviewer: You'd say your hand did what 811: It got infected and swole up Interviewer: Swole up huh now when you get what's the best time to open a blister when you had a blister on your hand say when you'd been out hoeing or out in the field 811: Uh when you would get home cause if you were to open it out in the field it would get infected Interviewer: Get all 811: Get all Full of dirt and stuff and it would get infected Interviewer: Yeah you would drain all the what 811: All the water out of the blood whatever it was Interviewer: Yeah 811: A water blister either or a blood blister Interviewer: Now in a war somebody got shot the bullet made a 811: Made a hole Interviewer: Yeah and have to go back and have a doctor 811: Uh see about it uh Get a look at it and Take the bullet out if it was in there Clean it up Interviewer: Clean up the 811: The wound Interviewer: Did uh when you uh say a wound didn't heal clean uh this kind of white granular substance would come uh and form around the edge you know and it would grow up and sometimes it would have to be cut out or burned out with aloe what was that 811: Uh Uh Interviewer: Okay you know of any flesh around that would grow around the wound 811: Uh it was what you call a scab Interviewer: Yeah 811: That would grow {NW} Interviewer: You ever hear of proud flesh 811: {NS} Uh no Interviewer: Um when you got a little cut on your finger what would you put on that 811: Oh {NW} You had peroxide iodine {NS} Uh And what you called monkey blood Interviewer: #1 Monkey blood that was # 811: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah 811: Uh {NS} Interviewer: When uh when did you ever get malaria what would they give for that 811: {NW} I don't know {NW} Uh I never did have it {NS} But I heard uh Some people having it but I never knew what they would {NS} Would give for it {NS} Interviewer: Okay 811: Uh-huh A what No {NS} Interviewer: Some tonic uh qui- 811: Uh uh Quinine Interviewer: Yeah 811: Yeah that's what it was quinine Interviewer: A lot of times when you were younger people would would say die and they didn't know what they 811: What they died of or {NS} Course your doctors were so far from {NS} And they {NS} You had malaria or something Or either T-B They would just uh quarantine you if you didn't want to go to the doctor They just They don't want nobody in your house and if you died A T-B death burn all the Clothes and stuff The bed clothes {NW} Everything that person was on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 811: They have to burn it {NS} Interviewer: What uh did they say oh she's been living all alone ever since her husband 811: Since her husband died Interviewer: Okay other ways you'd say he 811: He passed away Interviewer: Okay or you might say boy I {NS} 811: {NS} {C: silence} They laid him away in the {X} they made pine boxes and just put you. Interviewer: What did they call 'em? 811: Uh iron boxes and {NS} well they call that uh they buried them in a pine box. {NS} Interviewer: So and that was a what that was a? 811: A funeral. Interviewer: {NS} The place where they buried. 811: Oh. In a graveyard. Interviewer: Yep. 811: Uh sometimes they didn't have no graveyard cuz it's taken. Take you to a place in the woods somewhere. Interviewer: The box that you're buried in they call a. 811: There was a coffin. Interviewer: Okay. {X} The pine box should y- that would be did you ever see the ones that were wide at the shoulders? They were thin at the #1 feet. # 811: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And they were called. 811: Um Interviewer: You know what a sharpshooter was? 811: Yeah. {NW} {C: cough} Uh I don't really know the name of those are We knew it was coffins. Interviewer: Uh the people who are dressed in black. 811: That was the Interviewer: You say they're in. 811: They in mourning. Interviewer: Uh when people got really worked up over death in the family if the women lost control of themselves we'd say they were. 811: Hysterical. Interviewer: {NS} Uh {NS} now what about some other diseases that you knew that people would die of? When you were younger. 811: Um. Interviewer: What would they get sick with? Could y- did they ever get that disease of the throat? Children would get in their throat and they would choke in the night. 811: I think a bunch of kids died with asthma and I had it bad. Interviewer: You did? 811: And so I got treated cuz I bout to died two or three times with it. And uh you would just get the cough and if were hot and that's the only thing they didn't have no cure for it. Or nothing to cut it uh {C: background banging noises}. And uh they would treat you for it and after you would go some i- i- it would pass. And you had uh {NW} {C: cough} {NS} {C: banging noises} the bad bad sore throat {NS} {C: clang noise} and you had quite a bit of lot of T-B was tuberculosis that's what it was. quite a few people would die with that. Interviewer: Uh did that did uh that disease that children would die with they would choke {C: background noise} dip-. 811: Uh dip- uh diphtheria. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the disease that would make a person's eyes turn yellow 811: Uh yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Okay. When you got a pain down there on your side. 811: Uh that was your appendix. you mostly found it in the side. Interviewer: Uh that was what the str-? 811: Uh y- your appendix. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 811: Yeah your appendix was bad or you might bust or {NS} {C: crash} Interviewer: You didn't have a case of. 811: Of uh your appendix was gone bad. Interviewer: In the side? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Um th- they used to not know what that was didn't they? 811: A way back we didn't have too too much of it. The doctor didn't know what it was. Interviewer: What'd they call it? 811: I don't remember what they would call it. Interviewer: Uh now you ate something that didn't agree with you and they come up you say you. 811: You had indigestion or vomit. They just throw up. Interviewer: Uh {NS} {C: clang noise} okay. Wh- what's the crude term? #1 Which is- # 811: #2 Uh puke. {NW} {C: laugh} # {NW} {C: coughs} Interviewer: If a person vomited he was sick. 811: Of the stomach. Interviewer: Say uh I'm feeling a little. 811: Little sick of the stomach. Interviewer: Uh {NS} {C: noise} now there was a terrible accident up the road and but there was no need to call a doctor because the victims were. 811: Was dead. Interviewer: By the time he got there {X}. Uh now if you invited somebody to come and see you say this evening an- and you wanted to tell him you'd be disappointed if he didn't come up come you'd say now if you don't come I'll b- I. 811: I'd be disappointed. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} O- or you might say anytime you can come over will be. 811: Right fine with me. I'd be expecting you. Interviewer: We say if you can come over. 811: Uh we'd be waiting for you. Interviewer: I'll b- uh. 811: I'll be {NW} {C: clears throat} Interviewer: Be what be? 811: Be glad if you could. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say proud? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: How does that mean? 811: Well I'm gl- be proud that that she could come over. Interviewer: Mean the same thing as 811: Yeah it's glad. Interviewer: Okay. Now a boy kept going over to the same girl's house you'd say he's. 811: In love. Interviewer: He's uh. 811: He's falling in love with that girl he's about to get {X}. {C: laughs while speaking} Interviewer: So you w- you'd go over to your wife's house a lot before you were married you'd say you were. 811: In love. Interviewer: Okay. What if a boy was beginning to pay serious attention to a girl you'd say he's. 811: He's getting {X}. Interviewer: He's uh the older word. #1 You know let's say when you- # 811: #2 You start liking her. # Interviewer: Okay. Othe- other ways of saying it? U- uh what about i- if if he wasn't real serious they'd say he just 811: Just trying. Interviewer: #1 {NW} {C: laughs} # 811: #2 {NW} {C: laughs then coughs} # Interviewer: Okay. Now a girl was {NW} {C: laughs} was spending a lot of time getting ready to go to a party you'd say she was {NS} she was doing what? 811: Making herself pretty. Interviewer: She's still outside {X} in front of a mirror. {C: yawns while speaking} 811: Dressing up. Interviewer: Okay now you were getting ready to go somewhere and you'd spend a lot of time. 811: No just dressing up. Interviewer: A woman would carry a. 811: A purse. Interviewer: And she's rather rich she'd wear. 811: Uh a watch. Or either uh a bracelet. Interviewer: Suppose there were a lot of little things strung together used to go around your neck as an ornament. What would you call these? 811: Uh beads or either a necklace. Interviewer: Um what would a man wear to hold up his trousers? 811: Suspenders. Interviewer: Uh now y- you put a lot of things in your pocket since we've said that made 'em. 811: Made 'em {X} {X}. Interviewer: Okay you said {X}. that. 811: Speak out? Interviewer: Okay. Now every time you wash a cotton shirt in hot water it 811: It would sh- shrink. Interviewer: Okay you say the one I washed yesterday. 811: It shrunk. Interviewer: Shrunk up. {X} #1 {X} # 811: #2 {X} # It shrank. {NW} {C: cough} Interviewer: It's done what it's. 811: It shrunk up. Interviewer: It shrunk up. Uh. Well you know getting back to you know to the party and everything you'd be going to or something like that uh a girl would be leaving an- and a boy would say can I. 811: Can I walk you home or. Interviewer: Okay. Um now a girl was was putting on her best dress and everything like that her little brother would say you're fixing up for your. 811: For your boyfriend. Interviewer: Uh other names? 811: Uh. Interviewer: He's going to see his wh- his what. Main. 811: Main girl. Interviewer: Main girl? Would you use something like that? 811: Well that was later that- Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Wha- what would y'all say? 811: Girl. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 811: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: Now you come home with with lipstick on your shirt and your brother would say you've been. 811: {NW} {C: laugh} You've been necking {NW} {C: coughs} Interviewer: Uh when a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her she. 811: She's not interested in the other boy. Interviewer: And what'd she do with him? She. 811: Put him down. {C: laughs at end} Interviewer: Okay. The boy if he asks her to marry him but she. 811: Turned him down. {C: laughs while speaking} Interviewer: Okay. other way of saying that boy uh he hadn't been the same since she. 811: Since she jilted him. Interviewer: Jilted him {NW} {C: starts laughing}. Wrote him off. 811: That oh well he's walking people. Interviewer: {NW} {C: laughs} Uh but sh- they went ahead and got. You might say they went ahead and got. 811: Married. Interviewer: What other way of saying that you'd say they got? 811: Got hitched up. Uh uh broke the neck. Interviewer: Broke the neck? What does that mean? 811: That means marriage. Interviewer: Does it? 811: Yeah. Interviewer: You know where it came from? 811: I don't know where it came from you use it when uh well now uh some of the young fellas get married we start to tease him. Interviewer: Jump the broomstick? 811: Yeah. {NW} {C: coughs} Interviewer: Uh {X} {X} #1 {X} # 811: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Uh after a wedding what would you have? Maybe some kind of noisy. 811: A reception. Interviewer: Yeah but uh. 811: That party. Interviewer: Um did you ever hear them having these kind of noisy things after a wedding where they just all get yelling and come around and fire pistols off or even dynamite or something around the house? 811: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Did you ever hear {X} or a okay. What did you know what a shivaree was? 811: Mm-mm. Interviewer: You never heard of a shivaree? Okay. 811: I heard the French men talking about a {X} {C: French word}. Interviewer: What was that? 811: Well that's when a man and his wife would separate. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And they would get back together all the neighborhood go {X} {X} and throw a big party {NW} {C: coughs at the end} Interviewer: Okay what was that? A what? 811: A {X} {C: French word}. I don't know what the word means {X}. Interviewer: Yeah. Did your wife know any French or- 811: Mm I I doubt they talk French good. you know not what you'd call a real Frenchman. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh her mom understands it good but she don't talk it. Interviewer: Oh. Her father's a. 811: Well. Interviewer: {X} right in the area or. 811: He was but he's uh disabled now. He's um he farmed all his days. Interviewer: Oh. When w- w- when somebody was what about if a widow got married or something like that again would th- that was a {X}? 811: No. they said they would the man and his wife would separate and some boy would go talk and get 'em back together or either the fellas would go {D: record again.} {NW} {C: cough} Interviewer: Okay. Uh what w- would you ever you ever call the incidents where folks would get together and and some trouble would be caused or something like that we mentioned you know uh would they ever have would they ever have any sort of community thing when they would just getting toss somebody out of the community when they didn't like 'em or something like that? 811: Well when we was first coming up that happened on more than one time the police that we had here {X} they had some friends that had cotton or something in the field. And {X} in the morning and make the blacks get out and go pick. They didn't care what the price was if you didn't wanna pick cotton you had to leave out of town. And that's when we had uh {X} they uh the police went down there if they didn't like somebody. {NW} {C: cough} I seen them beat people around there they beat bloody bloody. {X} or they couldn't come back to town maybe for a month or so. Interviewer: What was the bazaar? 811: What? Interviewer: Bazaar. 811: That was something like a community thing where we would get together they would have barbecue {X} and we still have it once a year. Interviewer: That's a what? 811: Uh that'd be a bazaar. Interviewer: {X} 811: Uh-huh. And uh the church sponsored it. Uh and everybody they would raise money for the church. Interviewer: Uh w- did you ever remember uh uh any sort of political situations where they would just toss they would some folks would get together and run people out of the community or if somebody had taken an unpopular political stance? 811: They had uh they didn't run 'em out of town but they made it hard for 'em. {X}. They had uh {NW} {C: coughs} {X} {X} he's the only big man. And uh when uh it was election time Lord the old people was voting he would tell 'em I wanna elect this man. I want you to vote for him. That went fine until the younger people got ready to vote. When they uh passed a law where they could vote. but if they vote they had somebody there watching them And they would vote the other way. He called uh {X} cuz almost everybody was living on his property. He'd tell you well your boy or your girl voted against me I don't want him on my place. They gonna have to find him a place to stay. Or he would get mad That that was with the black and white. It didn't make it no different. {NW} {C: coughs} But I believe that's what kinda killed him. He uh when uh put out a bunch of money for the election and h- he figured the blacks was gonna go against him and so he was watching the poll in the black community. And he was paying money to the the white community. But they took the money and voted for the other man they beat him until he done for. And that man took sick a- and he died. He could never get away uh after that. And oh they say politics is a sure thing. But if you wanna this day and age if you wanna do politics you gotta get tangled up in politics that's what it is. {X} {NW} {C: cough} {X} or not. They had a fella running for office when he run he gonna come out there and shake everybody's hand pat you on the back but after that man get in office you can't talk to him. He don't know you. And I find if uh You got a big put a big fella in the community you go to him and say well you wanna {NW {C: cough} us to support that man we gonna go along with you and if something happens you can go talk to him we can't. Or either you can bring us to talk to him. And that's about the only way. Cuz if each one go by himself he'd never all that time you'd get in trouble or where you can't get out you need a politician to to help you out. Or you if you need a job or something for your son or something politician he know what strings to pull. Interviewer: {NS} {C: background crash} Uh there might be trouble at a place and the police would come and arrest the. 811: {NS} {C: noise} Arrest the one that's disturbing the peace. Interviewer: #1 Or they might arrest. # 811: #2 The whole {X}. # The whole crowd of Interviewer: yeah. Uh. {NS} {C: background crash} Now wh- what sort of things would bring people together when you were younger? 811: Well on Saturday night they'd gather up a good bit, they had a fireplace nightclub and stuff but. {NW} {C: cough} There is a big crowd was about once a year. to that uh bazaar I was thinking about. That was the bring a big crowd. Interviewer: W- Would young people ever go out in the evening and move around the floor and have a? 811: Yeah I'd go out dancing. Uh. #1 They- # Interviewer: #2 {D: You only have one} any different kinds of them? # 811: Uh yeah uh they used to have holler dancing which you call uh la-las. {C: La-las is also known as Zydeco, a famous music genre in Louisiana, especially with French Creoles) Uh French dances. Uh Strange house uh like say for instance one side they one family would make a a house dancing {D: cost you something like} {X} And the older people would play cards. And they'd bring their daughters and sons there. Uh people would play {D: strip poker}. And draw poker. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: They start playing bourre lately there uh well the bourre game come much not not too long ago Um that's about fifteen years ago maybe a little. Interviewer: Uh okay. A la-la was a what? 811: Uh a French dance. They'd play accordion and a rubbing board. Interviewer: That was a type of dance? 811: No that that's what they would play. Uh there was a French dance that just had accordion one fella playing the accordion the other rubbing the rubbing board. Interviewer: Okay. Any other kind of dances? 811: #1 No that was. # Interviewer: #2 Did you know what a fais do-do was? # #1 Fais do-do. # 811: #2 I heard talk of it but uh. # Interviewer: Uh {NW} {C: noise} now um when you went into town tell me about the first time you ever went to you ever been to any big places or? What was i- wha- what were some of th- your memories of the first time you ever went into? 811: The first time over. {NW} {C: cough} Interviewer: {X}. 811: {NW} {C: grunt}. Well that been not too long {X} that's been about twenty years ago. I remember the first time I went to Houston. I had never seen so many people in cars. {X} and th- it was funny when we went there we had we was in a truck and had to lock the truck up {X} just leave our stuff wide open. Interviewer: Yeah 811: How the people would steal and everything all that. Interviewer: Yeah. Now a building for books is called a 811: Uh a bookcase. Interviewer: Well #1 you have a place in town where you- # 811: #2 Oh a library. # Interviewer: Uh well and you'd mail a package at a. 811: Post office. Interviewer: Wh- when you went to Houston where did you stay? 811: Uh well what happened we just uh we didn't we went {D: had a} load of sweet potatoes I just went on the truck. And uh we got there about {X} {C: muttering noise of someone in background} twelve o'clock that night. And we left about ten o'clock that morning. Interviewer: Now the first time you ever went to Church Point when you didn't have a horse {C: Church Point is a town in Louisiana} you had to buy groceries and you how'd you get 'em home you? 811: Uh {C: background muttering by someone} I had a sack I could tote 'em back. Interviewer: Uh well now when you go in a strange town you stay where overnight? 811: In a motel. Interviewer: #1 Or- # 811: #2 A hotel. # Interviewer: Um {NS} {C: crashing noise} now the woman who would look after you in a hospital was a. 811: A nurse. Interviewer: Okay and you catch a train where? 811: At the depot. Interviewer: The rail do you call that the rail? 811: A railroad station. Interviewer: Y- you ever you ever been to a bus? 811: Station. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 811: Yeah I rode the bus a whole lotta times. Interviewer: Okay. In around uh in around off {X} there's a- around the courthouse there's a big kinda shady place. 811: Uh called the courthouse square. Interviewer: Uh when two streets cross and a man started out walking across those two those two streets say uh well they were like they were going like this. Uh and you needed to get from a corner of one street and cross to the corner of the other. Instead of going that way you'd go you might go they'd say you went 811: Well Crossways? Interviewer: Crossways or #1 talking about corners you'd say- # 811: #2 Oh uh. # Catty corner. Interviewer: Uh okay. And if there was a vacant lot say at a corner instead of walking around the lot you'd say you walked. 811: Across it. Interviewer: Okay. {X} {C: someone muttering in background} um {C: background muttering continues} when you first found did you ever go to New Orleans? 811: Yeah. Quite a few times. Interviewer: Okay now they have #1 now they have buses but they u- not too long ago they had what? # 811: #2 The streetcars. # Interviewer: And you could ride on 'em. You tell the bus driver uh next corner is where I 811: I wanna get out. You had a cord to pull. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now of this parish uh Crowley is the. {C: Crowley is a town in Louisiana} 811: Acadia Parish? Interviewer: Yeah. Crowley is the? 811: U- uh {NW} {C: grunt} Interviewer: Call it the what. The place where they do all of the #1 the # 811: #2 All the uh # All the government work is the uh {X}. Well that's where the courthouse located for Acadia Parish. #1 {NW} {C: cough} # Interviewer: #2 What about the # the parish. {C: dishes clinking and muttering in background} Okay. Um {C: background noise} That's where all the the. 811: Uh the uh Interviewer: The go- 811: The government books and uh the clerk of court. Interviewer: Okay. Now a person who's running for political office they say he wants people to get tougher on our on what? You know the law. 811: Oh. Uh make a law. Tougher on the law strict. Interviewer: And talking about order too he'd say I want #1 we need more- # 811: #2 More order and law. # Interviewer: Or law. 811: Yeah. Interviewer: Or law. 811: Uh in this community. Interviewer: We need more law. Law and order? 811: Law and order. Interviewer: Um now the war they fought that was fought here about a hundred years ago between the 811: The Interviewer: #1 North and the South is called. # 811: #2 Oh yeah. The Civil War. # Interviewer: Uh what are some of the states that fought it? 811: Um. Interviewer: Around here do you know? 811: They fought in Baton Rouge the state uh state capital over there. They fought and uh {X}. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And uh Interviewer: Can you close that? 811: Mm-hmm. {X}. {X}. Interviewer: Uh {NS} {C: knocking noise} other places that you you know that you of or in the South other states? 811: {NW} {C: sigh}. Interviewer: Like I'm from. 811: From Georgia, Alabama Mississippi. Interviewer: Alright in Alabama what are some of the cities there? 811: Um {NS} Interviewer: You know the one in {X}? 811: The. Interviewer: Hank Aaron is from they call it. #1 Okay- # 811: #2 Atlan- # Atlanta #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 that's Georgia. # 811: Yeah and uh Interviewer: Know any any other cities in Georgia? 811: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 811: {X}? Interviewer: Okay. 811: {NW} {C: cough}. Interviewer: The state where they grow oranges is? 811: Uh Florida. Interviewer: Uh {NW} {C: cough} Now Richmond is in? 811: Virginia. Interviewer: Okay. And then you got uh th- the what's the capital of the nation? 811: Uh Washington DC. Interviewer: Okay and it's right near another big city in Maryland. 811: Uh yeah. Baltimore, Maryland. Interviewer: Uh {X} {C: someone muttering in background} Nation is. 811: Texas. Interviewer: Well the biggest in terms of population. The the biggest city in the nation is in what state? You know the city that had all the problems a year or two ago? 811: Oh New York. Interviewer: It's in what state? 811: Uh New York. Interviewer: New York. 811: City. Interviewer: In what New York. New York state. 811: Yeah. New York state. Interviewer: Okay. Uh before they had electric chair murderers were 811: Uh they were shot. Interviewer: Or they were. 811: H- hung. Interviewer: Hung yeah. 811: On the uh didn't they have that that guillotine though? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah uh yeah I've heard of that now we don't have that here. But you say a man that commits suicide you went out and {C: cough in background} 811: Hung himself. Interviewer: Uh. Now Raleigh is the capital of what state? Well you know the states above Georgia? Got a lot of mountains and we got North North 811: Uh Virginia Norfolk? Interviewer: Uh okay you got South what? Georgia Alabama South 811: Carolina. Interviewer: Okay you say what? One of those two states up there North 811: North Virginia and uh Interviewer: North Carolina? You got you ever heard of that you ever been there? 811: No {C: laughs}. Interviewer: Okay No- North Carolina or 811: The further I've been is the state of Texas that was Houston. out of the state of Louisiana. Interviewer: Okay and north of here is what state? 811: Uh. Interviewer: What are some of the states north of here? 811: Uh let's see north would be uh Oklahoma. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 Little Rock is? # 811: Yeah Little Rock. Interviewer: What state? 811: Arkansas. Interviewer: Alright. Now the Volunteer State is what? U- Up the river from here you got what cities? You go up above Vicksburg and you got? 811: Mississippi. #1 Mississippi. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # You know th- the town up the river that had {X}? Memph- the 811: Memphis, Tennessee. Interviewer: Yeah okay. You know any other cities in Tennessee? 811: No I talked to uh a bunch of truck drivers that go through there and come back and and tell me about it what kind of country they is in. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And they got one for Interviewer: Where do they got that good old music? 811: Uh Nashville. Tennessee. And uh they offered to take me they go to Detroit and uh. Interviewer: The city on the river up there shoo. 811: Yeah they go up there and pick up uh liquor to the Canadian border and he offered me to go two or three times but it like I said with all the work and no play we I just didn't get a chance to go cuz it take them a week to go up there the only time all I had time to go is during the winter. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: And sometimes you get snowed in up there you can't come back maybe for two weeks. And two weeks without working not {NW} {C: scoff} wouldn't a did too good So I just know maybe now since I might get a chance to travel a little bit like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay now Boston is in 811: Massachusetts. Interviewer: They call the states up there from Maine to Connecticut the? The new what the new New E- 811: New England states? Interviewer: Okay. Um now the Bluegrass State is what? 811: Uh Kentucky. Interviewer: Where do they run the derby up there? 811: Uh tu- Kentucky the Interviewer: They run it in you know the town Lou- 811: U-uh. Interviewer: Loui- 811: Louisville Kentucky. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {NW} {C: cough} okay. {X} any well now the state up above Arkansas is what? Saint. 811: Uh Saint Louis? Interviewer: Yeah that's in Saint Louis uh 811: Uh. Interviewer: {X}. 811: Missouri. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you know any of the towns in in Alabama? Where they make a lot of steel? 811: Mm. Interviewer: Bir- 811: Birmingham Alabama. Interviewer: Okay. Um the choo choo from Chatta- 811: From Chattanooga Tennessee? Interviewer: Right. Okay. Um and then there's a city up in Illinois. You know that big one up there? {D: Called butcher} of the world? Uh where they used to ship all the cattle out for {X}. 811: Uh Chicago, Illinois. Interviewer: Yeah that's what okay. Th- the Reds play baseball in. 811: in Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Okay. Uh from here to Crowley is about what is about? 811: Let's see. Take about twenty miles. Interviewer: Um {NW} {C: sniff} now if somebody asks you to go with them to Crowley you'd say you're not sure you wanna go you'd say I don't know I don't know 811: Uh. I don't know I don't feel like going. Either I got some other commitments to do right now. Interviewer: Yeah. And I'm not sure that I'm not sure. 811: That I can go. Interviewer: Uh well call me tomorrow I 811: I'll be able to tell you for sure then if I what I can do or not. Interviewer: Okay. Somebody asks you to do something for 'em and you might you'd say uh I {NS} {C: crash} I think I can or I might uh say uh I'm not sure but I. 811: I'll try. Interviewer: I'll try or I might. 811: Might be able to do it. Interviewer: Call me tomorrow I might could 811: Could tell you for sure whether I can do it or not. Interviewer: You'd say what? 811: Wha- {NW} {C: cough} call me tomorrow and I can tell you for sure whether I can do it or not. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you want somebody to go with you you'd say I won't go 811: I won't go at all unless somebody come with me. Interviewer: Uh if you were asked to go somewhere without your wife you'd say I won't go 811: Without my wife. Interviewer: Okay uh uh I won't go. 811: {X} my wife can go too. Interviewer: Okay. Now y- your son was could've been helping you do something and you'd say she went off he went off playing. 811: Playing. Interviewer: He could've helped me he went off playing. 811: Playing ball. Interviewer: Played ball. 811: If he didn't help me. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {NW} {C: coughs} Interviewer: So y- you might he went off playing ball and he might 811: Might've been here helping me. Interviewer: Okay. Uh y- you come back and y- y- you'd say to him uh when he came back you'd say well you might 811: You might've stayed here and helped me instead of running out and going to play ball. Interviewer: Uh. um a man was funny and you like him you'd say they ask you why you like him you'd say I like him. 811: Cuz he's a nice fella. Interviewer: #1 {X} I like him. # 811: #2 Cuz h- # Cuz he's nice. Interviewer: Uh. {NS} {C: background crackling and faint buzz} Now if you have uh {NS} {C: background crackling and faint buzz} now another big church in the South that uh some people folks might join around here would be what? {D: You and I were} Methodist but other folks might be 811: Might be Catholic or Baptist uh Interviewer: Okay. If two people became members you say they 811: They joined. Interviewer: Okay. You worship 811: Worship God. Interviewer: Some folks don't believe in Uh the preacher delivers a. 811: A sermon. Interviewer: Uh and you'd say oh that music was 811: So sweet. Interviewer: It was just just beau- 811: Beautiful. Interviewer: Uh now you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one Sunday morning you'd say church will be over. 811: By the time I I get there. Interviewer: Uh the when when people didn't behave like when you were a child and you didn't behave your mother might tell you that somebody was gonna get you. Who was he? 811: That was my fault {C: laughs while speaking}. Interviewer: Okay or they'd say if you were out late at night this guy was gonna get you he was the. 811: That was the policeman. Interviewer: Okay or maybe this fella had hooves and #1 horns and a tail and a pitchfork. # 811: #2 Oh. # The devil {C: laughs while speaking}. Interviewer: Okay. Other names they'd tell you was a uh nicknames for the devil? 811: {X} or {C: laughs after speaking} Interviewer: {X}? The old what the old. 811: The old devil. Interviewer: The boo- was there anything about the booger man? 811: Oh yeah. The old booger man. {NW} {C: hiccup noise} Interviewer: Now what was is that you would that folks would think they would see around a graveyard? 811: Uh ghosts. Interviewer: #1 Other names? # 811: #2 Uh spirits. # Interviewer: Or and all sorts of they'd say she's ugly as an old. 811: Old witch. Interviewer: And the house was they'd say it might be. #1 Th- they'd say house way back out in the distance. # 811: #2 Uh. # It was haunted. Interviewer: Y- they'd try to get you to go to that and you'd say. No I 811: I ain't going into that haunted house. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh I'll go if you insist but I'd rather not. 811: I'd rather not go. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh or {C: background noise} putting these somebody tell you to put on a coat or better put on a sweater it's getting. 811: Getting cool th- cold outside. {NW} {C: cough} Getting cold. Interviewer: How cold it's getting r-. 811: Getting rough? {C: background noise} Interviewer: Okay. {C: background noise} Say it's not it's {C: someone talking in background} it's {C: someone continues to talk} 811: Getting rough out there. Interviewer: Okay. {C: someone continues to talk} It's not just cold it's. 811: It's rough. Interviewer: Okay or uh it's uh it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was. 811: {X} {C: loud talking in background} Interviewer: Okay. {C: loud talking continues} Uh or if somebody intensely disliked going somewhere you'd say he he just. 811: He just don't wanna go {C: talking in background} Interviewer: Okay. So I dare you to go to a place at night and you'd say I'd you you say you'd you'd what? He dared you to do it and you say I'd 811: I ain't gonna do it. Interviewer: Or I dare uh you know talking about daring somebody to do something we figured if you'd {C: talking in background} 811: I- I ain't gonna take a dare I'll go. Interviewer: Okay. 811: Usually {X} anybody think their daddy's a thief. {NW} {C: laughs} {X}. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: {X}. Interviewer: If they didn't dare do it you'd say they. 811: They're against us. Coward. You know, either they was a thief if they didn't do it. Interviewer: It's because they 811: Because they wouldn't do it. Interviewer: They dare. 811: They dare they kept the dare. Interviewer: Okay somebody who wouldn't took the dare you say they d- 811: That he he did it. Interviewer: If he wouldn't do it you'd say you he. 811: I dare. Interviewer: Dare not or {X}. 811: {X}. Interviewer: well you know okay a person that you dared to do something he was a what? A thief? 811: If you didn't do it. That was if you every boy think their daddy's a thief. So that meant if you didn't do it you was a thief and they said if you did it you wouldn't. Interviewer: You wouldn't. 811: You weren't no thief. Interviewer: Okay. Um now your mother cooks something that you like a lot and you'd tell her it's good or emphasize it and you'd say Ma that was 811: Real good. Interviewer: Real good. Uh you you were hammered and nailed you took a nail and you did what you put an 811: #1 Between your fingers? # Interviewer: #2 Took the hammer and # 811: Nailed it in. Interviewer: Okay you hit your foot you hit your finger with a hammer and you said 811: I missed the nail. {C: laughs while speaking} Interviewer: Okay. #1 Uh that's what you'd say {C: laughs while speaking}? # 811: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: Okay. Um now when you met somebody wh- by way of greeting 'em what do you say to 'em? 811: Uh {X} Interviewer: Pass 'em on the street. 811: Good morning good afternoon whatever. Interviewer: Uh a friend might say good morning to you what might you ask him in return? 811: How do you do. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now when you're introduced to a stranger what do you say to him? 811: Uh usually shake hands and tell him my name. Interviewer: Say how. 811: How you doing. My name is so and so. Interviewer: Okay. You've enjoyed somebody's visit and you say a bunch of people leaving your house and you would say. 811: We really enjoyed your company come be sure and come back again, bye. Interviewer: Okay. what do you say to somebody when you meet 'em around Christmas? 811: Merry Christmas. Happy New Year. Interviewer: Okay. and by way of appreciation besides thank you you might say I'm much thank you I'm much what to you I'm much. Well a person that didn't wanna accept anything from anybody because they're too proud they'd say they didn't didn't wanna be. You know a man who didn't want didn't want other people to come help him work they'd say he was 811: A proud man. Interviewer: Because he didn't wanna be what didn't wanna be? 811: Didn't wanna didn't wanna accept help. Or he'd gotten hit. Interviewer: Talking about the state of of what he didn't wanna be to other people you'd say he didn't wanna be {NS} 811: He didn't wanna be in uh pitied by Interviewer: Okay. 811: #1 By- yeah. # Interviewer: #2 He didn't wanna owe 'em anything. # They'd say he didn't wanna be 811: He didn't wanna be indebted to anybody else. Interviewer: Alright. Now you might say I'm much uh now you made a purchase the storekeeper took a paper piece of paper and he he did what he took the purchase put it in there and 811: Wrapped it up. Interviewer: You got home and. 811: Un- I unwrapped it. Interviewer: When when a storekeeper had to sell something for two dollars that he paid two fifty for he'd be selling. 811: Uh below his cost. Interviewer: Okay he was taking what 811: He was taking a a beating. #1 {NW} Or he done lost {C: laughs}. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughs} # Okay {C: laughs after speaking}. Um now it's time to pay the bill you say the bill is 811: Is due. Interviewer: Do you ever go into any clubs? Or anything like that? 811: Uh yeah but I do some so- societies. Interviewer: You had to pay your. 811: My dues. Interviewer: Okay. You didn't didn't have money you'd try to go to the neighbor and. 811: And borrow some. Interviewer: And the neighbor would say mm-mm money's {C: negative mm-mm and 811 laughs in background} 811: Money's short {X} Interviewer: And th- during the Depression when you were a kid money was. 811: Money was awful short then. Money was hard to come by. Interviewer: Uh you were talking about the {X} you'd say it's about as {C: loud background noise} Money was 811: As short as chicken feet {C: laughs after speaking}. Interviewer: {X} 811: The scarcest is the chicken's feet and then the- Interviewer: Yeah. Now we were talking about the things that you would do when you were a kid uh you say you ran down the springboard and something around a lake that you could 811: Oh a uh diving board? Interviewer: Yeah. You say you ran up to the end of the diving board and 811: Dove into the water. Interviewer: Dove into the water. Um when you dive- dove in and hit {NS} the water like that you say you did a {C: clap of hands}. 811: Uh a belly bust. Interviewer: Yeah. Or you might turn a what in the air turn. 811: Uh you might cut a flip. Interviewer: Okay. when when kids are out in the grass they might be turning what in the grass? Turning a som-. Som- uh you know they'd be going ov- head over heels. 811: Oh they're cutting flips. Interviewer: Turning a. 811: Uh somersault. Interviewer: In the ground. Um now a child wanted to get across the river so he he went right to the side and he dove in and he. 811: Swam swam to the other side. Interviewer: Swam across. Um now you saw something up a tree if you wanted to take a better look at it you went over to the tree and. 811: And looked up in the tree? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 811: #2 Or either climbed up and. # Interviewer: Okay. Um now a little child is saying his prayers he walks over to the side of his bed and and did what he g- he 811: Got on his knees. Interviewer: We say he kn-. 811: He kneeled down. Interviewer: Kneeled down. Uh {C: background noise} now {C: background noise} talking about something you saw in your sleep you'd say often when I go to sleep I. 811: I dreamt. Interviewer: But when I wake up I can't remember what I. 811: I dreamt. Interviewer: Or I dreamed I was falling and all of a sudden before I hit the ground I. 811: I woke up. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. You ever had that happen to you? # 811: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay. {C: loud background noise} Now one of your child children might be coming in the in the house and they would be {NS} {C: noise effect, stomps on ground} you'd say they were. 811: Stomping their feet. Interviewer: Stomping their feet. Or a child might be getting near the stove and you'd say now that stove's hot so. 811: Don't touch it. Interviewer: Yeah. Don't you. 811: Put your hands there. Interviewer: Okay. You're out and working in the yard and you'd say Joe you'd say run you need a hammer you'd say Joe run. 811: Catch me that hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you were you were talking with a friend and you'd say let's meet in town uh if I get there first I'll. 811: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: Uh okay. Now somebody didn't know what was going on but they but th- but you'd say they. So he didn't know what was going on but he sure he wanted everybody to think he did so he he what he. Okay and he made you'd say he made out like. 811: Made out like he knew. {C: loud background noise} Interviewer: Uh {NW} {C: clears throat} whe- back in the old days how'd y'all keep in touch with people? You. 811: Oh. Interviewer: You would sit down and 811: Yeah you would write but it was so very {X}. You would. Interviewer: You know. 811: Most of the time wh- uh when you wouldn't see him is when they had death or something in the family. With the most of the time th- the family would really uh communicate together but otherwise it. Interviewer: You never. 811: You never hardly see them or kept in touch. Interviewer: #1 Okay and you never wr- often. # Interviewer: #2 I wrote. # Okay when you were r- when you write somebody you expect a 811: Uh a answer. Interviewer: Okay. But they but they hadn't known your 811: Your address. Interviewer: Okay. When you when you put the letter in the envelope and then you take your pen and. 811: You address it. Interviewer: Uh okay. Now a little a child has learned a bad word or something new and and you'd say now who. 811: Who taught that to you? {D: fades off into laughter} Interviewer: Who taught you that stuff? Something um if you wanted a bouquet for the dinner table your wife would go out and? 811: And uh clip one off the. Interviewer: Okay. Uh something that a child might play with would be a would be a what? Say. 811: Uh a wagon or a bicycle. Interviewer: A little thing you call a. 811: A doll. Interviewer: Play play with and be a play 811: A play toy. Interviewer: Okay. Now you sign your name with a writing {C: clashing in background}. 811: With a pen. Interviewer: Okay or. 811: A pencil. Interviewer: Okay or something that a child might you might uh put in the child's diaper it'd be a safe 811: Uh a safety pin. Interviewer: Okay. Um now you say I I got scared once and well I got thrown once on a from a horse and I've been scared of horses ever. 811: Ever since. Interviewer: Yeah. Um {C: background scraping noise} now somebody asks you uh how long that that body's been down there you'd say well as far as I know it's 811: It's been there always. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} {C: laughs}. Or okay um. Now let's see Talking about the the corn about this time of year you'd say the corn isn't as tall as it you'd say you know round this time of year the corn's not as tall as it 811: It uh i- it usually gets in the. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: The corn is just starting to to come up now. Interviewer: Yeah {D: no doubt}. But late in the summer you might look at the corn and you say #1 the corn. # 811: #2 No- # not as it usually be. Interviewer: Okay. Um and uh a child might be might be doing something the boy got a whipping and you say I bet he did something he. 811: Didn't have no business. Interviewer: Uh you aren't doing what you. 811: You supposed to do. Interviewer: Or you a- you 811: What you oughta do. Interviewer: Okay or if he got a whipping you'd say I he di- he must've done something he. 811: You didn't have no business #1 or he # Interviewer: #2 Or. # 811: That he shouldn't have did. Interviewer: Okay or you ou-. 811: ought not oughtn't Interviewer: He did something he ought he what he you say he ought not 811: That he ought not had did. Interviewer: Okay. Now somebody said will you do that and you'd say no I. 811: I didn't. Interviewer: Or will you do it or nu- no I. 811: I won't do it. Interviewer: Okay or can you no I. 811: I won't do it. Interviewer: Okay or uh I'd like to but I. 811: I can't. Interviewer: I can't. Sh- or you might say sure I. 811: I can do it. Interviewer: {X}. Um now okay can you count to uh to twenty-four slowly? Yeah twenty-four. 811: One. Two. Three. Four. Fix. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty. Interviewer: Okay twenty-four twenty-five twenty-six. 811: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Okay. Twenty-eight twenty-nine. 811: Thirty. Interviewer: Thirty-nine. 811: Forty. Interviewer: Okay. Sixty-nine. 811: Seventy. Interviewer: Ninety-nine. 811: A hundred. Interviewer: Okay. Um ten times a hundred thousand is a. 811: Is a million. Interviewer: Okay. Now there's a lot of men standing somewhere and you say the man the head of the line is the 811: is the leader. Interviewer: Okay he's the what man? 811: The head leader. Interviewer: Okay. In baseball you get a hit you run to. 811: The first base. Interviewer: Then the steal. 811: Second base. Interviewer: Then. 811: Third base. Interviewer: Okay. First second third. 811: And home. Interviewer: Okay and then comes the well you count these as first second and third 811: The fourth. That would be home. The fourth base. Interviewer: Okay and then comes the. well after the fourth comes the. What's your man standing in line? The fourth man then the. 811: The fifth man. Interviewer: Then the. 811: Sixth. Interviewer: Okay. Um now sometimes you feel you good luck comes just a little at a time but your bad luck comes. 811: All at once. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh you might say last year I got twenty bushels an acre and I'm expecting to get forty. 811: Bushels this year. Interviewer: Okay so I'll be getting? 811: Twice twice as many. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now the months of the year can you do it? 811: Twelve months. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 811: #2 {X} # Uh January February March April May June July August September October November December. Interviewer: Okay. now they say honor the what day to keep it holy. 811: Uh christening day. Interviewer: Okay or uh the days of the week are the day. 811: Uh. Interviewer: The first day of the week is? 811: Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday. Interviewer: Okay. You know what the- they say honor the what day the? 811: Oh uh honor the the seventh day. That would be Sunday. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now when do you stop saying good morning? When after you've met someone you'd say. 811: Uh. Interviewer: Say when? 811: Well twelve noon. Interviewer: And then you say. 811: Good afternoon or good evening. Interviewer: Okay. You ever say anything that you might say any time of the day? 811: Uh hello or. Interviewer: Okay or. #1 Uh when you're leaving somebody's house at night. # 811: #2 {X} # Good night. Interviewer: Okay. Or you say on the farm you guys start work before daylight. You'd say we started work before. 811: Before sunset. No before uh sunrise. That'd be full daylight. Interviewer: Okay. And we worked until. 811: About uh 'til after sunset. Interviewer: Okay. 811: It'll be 'til dark. Interviewer: We saw you might say we were a little late this morning when we started out in the fields the sun had already 811: The sun had already rose. Interviewer: Rose. Uh now today is is let's see today is Thursday Wednesday was. 811: Yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody came on yo- to visit you on on Sunday the last Sunday you'd say he came a week earlier than last Sunday you'd say he came here. 811: Uh the week before last. Interviewer: Okay or Sunday. 811: The Sunday before last. Interviewer: Okay. If he's gonna leave next Sunday or wha- what if he's gonna leave a week beyond Sunday that would be when? 811: The Sunday after next. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you wanted to know the time of day you're on the street in town you walk up to somebody and you say uh. 811: Do you have the time? Interviewer: Okay. And uh if it was midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say it was. 811: Uh seven-thirty. Interviewer: Okay or half. 811: Half past seven. Interviewer: Okay. Um now if it was fifteen minutes later than that you would say it's. 811: Quarter to eight uh fifteen to eight. Interviewer: Okay. Or if it was ten-fifteen he'd say it was. 811: Uh fifteen after ten. Interviewer: Okay. You've been doing something for a long time and they say uh you've been doing it for quite. 811: Quite some time or quite a while. Interviewer: Uh if something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly. 811: One year ago. Interviewer: It happened exactly a. 811: A year. Interviewer: One year. It happened exactly uh. 811: One year. Interviewer: Year ago? 811: Uh-huh. One year ago. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um Well that's about it I appreciate you talking with me. 811: Okay Interviewer: I enjoyed doing the interview. Ho- hope you didn't find it was too long or too long or anything like that. Uh but y- your wife folks you say were born and raised up here 811: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 And you two you've been here all your life. # 811: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 Uh. Okay. # 811: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: Did you ever have any problems with with French or folks from the area? 811: Uh usually {X} when he get to talking French and if y- you say a couple of things slow uh {X} I'll understand that but as soon as you start talking {X} you can stop right there I don't understand. {NW} {C: cough} {NW} {C: cough} Now usually they can kind of we can get kind of a batch up something we both can understand Interviewer: Yeah. 811: Her mother was a a big problem. Interviewer: Yeah. Your wife's father you didn't have any problem talking with him? 811: No he talks good English he just uh he'd tease me whole lot of time and say a bunch of words in French but I don't pay him no mind. Interviewer: Yeah. 811: I tell you say what you want about me as long as you don't call me late for supper. #1 {NW} {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Okay. Uh {X}? 811: Uh {X} {C: audio becomes distorted and fades out} {NS} {X} {C: audio still distorted and faded} {X} {C: audio still distorted and faded} {NS} Interviewer: {X} 847: No and the truth of the matter like I was- I wasn't born in Dallas. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 847: Uh only reason why I wasn't born in Dallas was the fact that my mother happened to be where she was at the time I was born #1 but uh # Interviewer: #2 Where were- # #1 where was she? # 847: #2 I was in Calvert, Texas. # Interviewer: How do you spell it? 847: C-A-L-V-E-R-T. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Interviewer: When-how old were you when you came here? 847: Uh just a few weeks old sounds like. #1 but uh yeah # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 847: She was living in Dallas. She just happened to have been vi-visiting my grandmother when I was born. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: Yeah you know so uh Interviewer: And there you were #1 huh # 847: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} Okay can you give me your whole name for the {X} 847: That's {C: Should be beeped} Interviewer: mm-hmm And how old are you? 847: Thirty-two. Interviewer: Okay. And your address-your address is {D: this place here} right? 847: That's two thousand North Central Expressway. Interviewer: mm-kay and occupation? 847: Eh manpower consultant and social worker. Interviewer: Can you explain to me exactly what you do? I mean I've been trying to figure out what is it exactly that you do sometimes I've been up here and-I don't quite understand {X} {NS} 847: You wanna know specifically what do I do? Interviewer: Yes. 847: Perhaps many of the things that you have witnessed or heard me doing while you were here were not particularly in my uh job description uh Interviewer: Yeah {C: laughing} {X} 847: Now I uh I'm primarily concerned with manpower programs that are being carried out by the Dallas community of action program. uh The-I guess the most technical things that I do is uh write uh program proposals for manpower operations. Uh in doing program proposals I usually uh depends on uh the area or the time that that uh we're working in or like when I said the time let's take nineteen seventy-six and manpower uh needs were a little bit different from what they were three years ago so then come up with new programs and this is the reason why that uh the funding level is always different uh either you don't get funded for programs to exceed a given period of time uh the job market needs are different. Uh for instance uh five years ago there was a great emphasis on uh uh clerical and office workers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 847: Uh there there is still a great need for them the demand is not exactly what it was at that particular time uh particularly in the minority community so far as training programs are concerned. Uh there was a great need for machinist operators such as uh turret lathe machine operators uh mill press operators and so forth uh. Right now that we're concerned about is what is called the {NS} prime age-work of the prime age worker uh it's from twenty-five to forty-five uh in the prime age worker range then uh below from twenty-five back to uh fourteen or fifteen is where is it you find your greatest uh amount of persons uh uh unemployed. Uh the prime age worker we're talking about from twenty-five to forty-five those individuals who would be in the job market and perhaps might need some training uh particularly because they're twenty-five to forty-five usually this is the area in which uh people uh have taken on added responsibilities they assume responsibilities in their lives that uh before twenty-five they would not have and after forty-five they would perhaps not have. Interviewer: Like family and- 847: Family and so forth. uh So it-it's really a matter of you figure the job market out, you figure out what is the uh most prevalent needs in the job market uh you try to design and uh tailor your programs to those specific needs. uh It goes in the job development uh and job development is a-an area in which I work in. People generally confuse job placement uh with job development. Job development has to do with creating a job really rather than placing a person in a job just like a warm body part or slot. But uh in job development you create a slot where there perhaps might not have been a posi- an existing position uh and this is usually done by taking individuals who might have say limited uh needs uh or limited expertise in a certain area and an employer says well I don't particularly want that type of person, need a person with three years experience they need someone who has uh uh greater proficiency at doing certain things and you say well no you really don't need that person that you're talking about because this person can do this and that and uh so this is really job development uh Interviewer: uh-huh 847: more or less than just job placement. eh 'Course nowadays there's not much need for job development or any other type of placement programs even though there's a need to place persons. Uh there are many people out of work. uh You know 'un-unemployment is as great as uh I think uh perhaps certainly the greatest unemployment uh uh percentage factor uh I guess since the depression. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And Interviewer: {X} 847: this is what you'd call an employer's market. Interviewer: Interesting. Mm-hmm 847: You know uh we're concerned now about uh {D: the fact that} maybe in You know a lot of people are in the job market now that came from the baby boom after the war. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 uh-huh yeah # 847: #2 Well # {NS} this is- people wanna- it's- it's really difficult- it's not difficult in talking to manpower people about what problems this has created uh we have right now more career orient professional career oriented individuals in the society so far as their academic achievements are uh concerned But what's really happening is that there is an an influx of degree-holders that are in the job market and then they can't find a job. Interviewer: Yes, yeah. 847: So what's happening is that uh employees are uh upping the requirements educational requirements when they particularly don't need them in order for an individual to do the job {D: part}. Well the pressure that this is really creating is that the high school graduates or those individuals who would maybe figure into certain areas are not getting those jobs. Interviewer: mm 847: So we're creating a uh a vacuum that's there that uh uh concern is that perhaps in maybe four or five years right now is uh is there is uh a concern about say P-H-D's you have many graduate students that are #1 out can't find a job {X} taxes and so forth. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: uh The concern here again is that we don't have a uh a society of great thinkers and no doers. and this is what we're coming up with it's because people after say uh achievement of certain level academically they feel like if society owes them a soft spot so far as their uh vocation or their labor is concerned and this is not gonna be fact even though uh it should not people should not be discouraged in getting a high education. uh but they should be encouraged at a junior and senior high school level to engage in some sort of vocational training that uh they can use uh uh their hands or whatever they're gonna use but uh uh For instance if a P-H-D who knew how to build a house was in and he was out of a job Interviewer: Yeah. 847: he could go be a carpenter Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 And certainly as a carpenter he would make more money than he would uh # Interviewer: #2 {D: Probably make a bit more money as a carpenter.} # 847: yeah he would probably make more money. Uh but then it's a matter of the orientation that you give people. We- I think uh after the war- there's another thing that happened. You see in the ins-in the academic- in the academic institutions they have to keep pushing and all of that uh people in that field need to justify their needs. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Well in justifying their needs uh they keep pushing and pushing uh they have played down vocational education to a certain extent. Uh now there's a real need for vocational education programs and the labor department uh which is the Department of Labor is going-they are pushing for those type programs. But it's not reeducating society that working with your hands is not particularly uh uh a bad thing to do but this is- this is a real problem that you deal with. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh Interviewer: {X} 847: I'm- I'm looking at the packet I'd say when I was in high school uh {D: prodigal} in high school I can remember people back in the fifties saying oh hell there's no sense in going to college you can't find a job and this particularly was true with black people. Uh what happened was that uh blacks had started going to school and uh uh what I call taking- uh they were taking what I would call soft programs Interviewer: hmm 847: uh like elementary ed uh P-E, homemaking, and that sort of thing. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: #1 {D: phys. ed., volleyball} # 847: #2 so # Yeah you know like what we got around the fifties uh mid-fifties late fifties and a lot of people that were out there they couldn't find a job even though they had a degree. uh you can't use a major in English in a place else but in an academic institution Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh special education programs uh uh same thing goes today with social workers, I can remember a few years ago maybe three to five years ago that there were a great number of uh social science education majors that uh they would go out there that uh they would just have a uh a B-S a B-A uh well that does really no good nowadays. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: You wanna make any money you gotta have a M-B-A Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know uh either you gotta have a M-S-A you know. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You know there- there's something that uh you-you-you-you realize that uh that just having a four-year degree is not really very much today. Interviewer: {X} 847: You- you know a four-year degree just says you know another paid trained individual. Well that's really not the case it's just the fact that uh things uh that field got so full that the only way that they could differentiate between those who had uh perhaps be good and those with probably be mediocre were those who had the time or the money and the energy to go on and get a graduate degree. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # {X} of schools did you go to in Dallas I mean back in grade school? 847: No I went to uh that school's name was Pacific Avenue {NS} and they changed it from Pacific Avenue to Tennessee Harris. Interviewer: {NS} Oh yeah. Okay. Then-then what? 847: Oh then I went to {B} Interviewer: Then was your junior high {X}? 847: No. Interviewer: Okay. mm-hmm 847: Least there weren't junior highs in the black neighborhood. Interviewer: oh yeah 847: Uh there were junior highs in white neighborhoods before they had junior highs in the black neighborhoods Interviewer: Right. 847: Yeah. Like uh we they changed uh Old Forest Avenue High School into James Madison uh and I started going to Madison. Also was going to {B} during that time in uh which I lived only a few blocks from {B} and that was before integration {NW} Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: #1 or desegregation whichever one you call it. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes. # 847: uh So then we moved uh it-it wasn't even back there, they just closed down Forest Avenue to whites and opened it up to blacks and called it James Madison. Interviewer: huh Yeah. Okay, uh you said you had some college, where did you go? 847: Uh after finishing high school I joined the service then I was going uh while I was in Europe in the service I was going to University of Heidelberg uh Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh yeah. {X} Okay. 847: Then it was University of Michigan. And I've had any number of courses and programs down at El Centro there's just uh {NS} you know community education type programs uh too when I started taking a mid-management course which is a actual business education thing and so I was competing with uh lower level book- uh accounting which is nothing but bookkeeping and stuff like that. Interviewer: Yes yeah yeah. I could use a course like that just keep my checkbook balanced. 847: Yeah, well they gave me the basic principles as far as {X}. It'll make-you can be a bookkeeper you can't be an accountant that type business {C: laughing, creaking} Interviewer: Okay. Okay what about uh clubs and and-and {X}? What all do you belong to and stuff like that? 847: Yeah I belong to the chamber. Interviewer: Is that--what? 847: Well I'm on both chambers which is the Dallas Chamber of Commerce, the Black Chamber of Commerce. Interviewer: You know um I forgot it starts with an oh uh mister {C: name} he works at {X} partnership. 847: Yeah, I know him. Interviewer: Yeah I'm I was talking to him {X} I know he said that he was {X}. {NS} Okay anything else? 847: Yeah. Boy Scouts of America. Interviewer: Okay. You worked--you worked {X} {C: thumps} 847: I'm always donating, now I don't have time to work with them. #1 I have worked with uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: uh I I've worked with two groups of Boy Scouts uh I'm also a member of the National Association of Social Workers. Interviewer: Okay um 847: That's Texas Association of Community Action Agencies which is T-A-C-A-A, T-A-C-A-A. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 847: Y-M-C-A. Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 847: And I am the local director of the Youth Crime Prevention League {NS} of America. Interviewer: {NS} {X} Okay. Anything else? 847: I guess past member of S-C-L-C. We don't have an S-C-L-C chapter in Dallas anymore. Interviewer: {NS} What is that? 847: Southern Christian Leadership Conference. {C: creaking} Interviewer: Um what's your religion? 847: Baptist. Interviewer: Baptist? 847: Yeah. Everybody in the South is a Baptist. Interviewer: Yeah, it's true. Are you-are you still active in church {X} {C: noises} 847: Infrequently. Interviewer: Okay. {X} 847: It's kinda easy to do. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Especially with a job like this. # 847: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} this is not-I guess the idea is {X} a job. 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 847: Well this is more or less like uh {C: thump} when you are awake job. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 All of you know like # uh when I open my eyes it's my job and uh #1 and it's that way until I close my eyes {C: cat meowing} it's my job, I-yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Your recreation is sleeping. # Okay uh where was your mother born? 847: She was born in Calvert, Texas. Interviewer: Okay is-how old was she when she came to Dallas? 847: Eighteen. Interviewer: {NS} How old was she when she {D: had} you, do you know? 847: About thirty. Interviewer: Okay. {D: Where is} your father? 847: Oh he was born not exactly in San Augustine, Texas but I guess it was out in some community around that area. Interviewer: Okay. 847: But you can say San Augustine. It was in that- in that area. Interviewer: Okay. And how old was he when he came to Dallas? About. 847: I would imagine- uh uh I think he's between twenty-five and thirty. Interviewer: And how old was he when-when they had you? 847: He was sixty years old. Interviewer: Sounds like a healthy man. 847: Yeah he's still in good shape. He's ninety-two now. Be ninety-three on his birthday which is next month. {NS} uh Interviewer: {X} Okay uh how far did your mother get through {X}? 847: She finished high school. Interviewer: What about your father? 847: I don't know. Never asked. Interviewer: um okay what-what did your father do? What was his occupation? 847: My father's occupation- {NW} his number one occupation was gambling. Interviewer: {NW} 847: Uh {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Other than that. {NW} 847: He worked uh-he worked as a oil field worker. uh He was a- he worked in the first oil refinery that was built here in Dallas which is a uh uh not a refinery but uh it's a little like a storage tank area. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh they did do some processing out there which is Texaco took uh He worked in the cement plant at the-that place is still out there. uh Interviewer: Does he still gamble? 847: Yeah. If he-if he can find a place to lay a bet he will. Interviewer: {NW} 847: uh Interviewer: {D: That's good}, anything else? 847: He's on the- he's worked for himself, he's on you know like the {D: phase} uh beer joints. Interviewer: Okay. 847: You know, living to be ninety-three you can do a lot of things in your life. #1 And so # Interviewer: #2 That's right. This is true. This is true. {C: laughing, thumps} # 847: He's done a lot of things uh he's been a handyman {NS} uh cook. He's still- he's-he's a great cook. He's got some darn good recipes that uh like barbecue sauce uh Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah things like that uh Interviewer: I could use some lessons. 847: I cook pretty well. Interviewer: Could probably teach me. I couldn't cook a thing when I got here. Nothing. 847: I-I don't think most women can cook when they get married. I-I had to teach my wife. She still- She can cook breakfast foods and a lot of people say that's easy but it's not easy to cook breakfast food. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Cooking well. You know it's a little bit more than just break an egg and drop it into the skillet. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. My husband likes to cook, which is good, because he hates yardwork. We have this arrangement-I do all the yardwork in the summer, I mow the grass, {X}. We have a garden right now. I keep the garden-I keep {D: the flowerbeds up}- I do all that stuff because he hates it. And on Saturday, I had to go outside and he gets the wash out and he dusts the house and he dusts, vacuums, and he cooks, which is great, you know, it's fine with me. 847: Well I don't- I cook, wash, clean. uh when I had a place where I had uh a yard I would cut the grass, do that whole bit. uh I think probably one of the things that irritates me most is I- I have a lot of ivy plants. And I'll be damned if I don't think about watering 'em-I'm all-I'm gone from home all the time. {NS} And nobody will water my ivy plants. Uh that makes-that is something that really irritates me, you know uh {NS} it's- it's sorta like a- a benign negligence that goes on I s- you know. You can't water my plants, you know I- you know I-I- I feel like I'm responsible- you know like I'm responsible for all the major doings there. uh Watering my plants to me is like fixing my food because then you don't really have to put- you know they don't have to fix their food cause I'm never at home so at least feed my plants. Interviewer: #1 {NW} But nobody does huh? # 847: #2 {NW} # Nobody feeds my plants, you know. Interviewer: {NW} That's pretty good. My husband wouldn't water my plants. 847: He won't? Interviewer: Uh-uh. Last summer I was gone for eight weeks and I had to take all my plants, and I had like two {D: cars} of the plants over to a friend's house and she kept them for eight weeks {X} but he'll dust and stuff like that. 847: Well my-my wife's-my wife's excuse for not watering our plants, she says that uh something about plants they die when she waters 'em. Interviewer: #1 Oh, then you know may be lucky that she doesn't water your plants. # 847: #2 If she-yeah I # said well even if that uh uh you know your plants get to be like your children. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 That's true. # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: That's true, that's true. 847: And it really both- it really hurts me if I go in and I've neglected one of my plants and they're drooping. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 You know it's # kinda neglecting the children. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And they'll let you know that you're neglecting them too. Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 847: #2 And # they have scars, you know like #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 They drop # a few leaves here and there. 847: like with my ivy plant uh, I had one, it was in the kitchen. It's still in the kitchen. uh It's easy to neglect it. Psychologically it's easy to neglect it. It's right next to a plant that's in water all the time. #1 It's in a # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 847: clear- and it's clear glass and it's sitting there in a gray pot Interviewer: Yeah. 847: right next to that glass and that is the reason why people will neglect- it's the psychological thing. They see that plant that's budding out of the water Interviewer: Yeah. 847: and all that clear water so what would make you think about watering the one next to it? {C: noise} Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: #1 You know? {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # That plant probably has a complex. It probably feels really mistreated. 847: And it has been mistreated, too. {C: thumps} {NW} Interviewer: Okay, what-what was your mother's occupation? 847: Mm {C: thump} I guess the first job that uh I can remember my mother talking about was at uh- she was a housekeeper and a cook. uh Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 847: Oh uh I believe at one time she worked as a maid. She was in charge of uh {NS} housekeeping at some hospital. Elevator operator. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 847: Oh and she was in charge of all the custodial cleaning at uh Mercantile Bank at one time. Interviewer: mm-kay Where- #1 where were her parents from? # 847: #2 Then she ended up # working uh My grandmother was born in Ethiopia. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Her-her mother? 847: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: What about her father? {C: creaking} 847: {NS} My fa- my-my grandfather- {NS} I guess it's southeast Texas around Jefferson, Texas, in that area. {NS} #1 His mother was a full-blooded Cherokee so then he was a cross # Interviewer: #2 huh # 847: between yeah. If you had known me long enough at times I get real red. Reddish brown. #1 you know I don't yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 But in color or? # 847: Uh I think sometimes after I've been exposed to a lot of sun Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 uh # I think the older you get you know the darker you get- I used to be much lighter than you know I am now. Interviewer: I didn't know that. huh Does your skin turn darker when you-when you get out in the sun? 847: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Like- # mine does? Does it go away then in the winter? #1 {X} # 847: #2 Yeah. # {NS} My son is uh about a shade darker than I am and he can get real- he can get black in the summertime. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: Yeah and he likes playing out in the and he swims a lot you know out at the pool and in the sun quite a bit playing. And he gets real- he gets real dark. Interviewer: {D: He's black though.} 847: Yeah. Interviewer: I think that's {X} 847: He doesn't- he doesn't- he doesn't get a black black. It's sorta like a- a chocolate. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Do blacks like darker skin tones or like lighter skin tones? {X} 847: Well Interviewer: {X} {NS} 847: let's go back to when I was a kid and before. If you would take uh the average so-called quote-unquote successful black Interviewer: Yeah. 847: male his wife was more prone to be extremely light and straight hair. uh there was a time it seemed as if the families who did the best were those who had the lighter skinned families. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh Around small towns you know what happens now well you know that the lighter skinned ones that uh either reason why they did better is that uh {NS} their father their grandparent somewhere along the line was white. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And uh then they got a few favors because they were able to well, they just got favors. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh and then there was a time that uh whites distinct 'em, they still do. Great extent distinctly make a difference between lighter skinned um blacks and darker skinned blacks. Interviewer: That right? 847: I think it's a psychological thing that happens is that people tend to uh relate to those individuals who are close to them even though they their ethnic grouping is different. #1 They too # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 847: tend to relate to that color tone a little bit different. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 {NW} # Yeah and then there was a time you know like uh black was evil. So the blacker person lost uh {X}. You know {X} so-and-so said you know he's so evil. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 uh # black is the ace of spade and just twice as evil. Uh so people even among blacks discriminated against blacks. Interviewer: Because they were blacker? 847: Yeah you know uh uh now uh I think even now there seems- there might be a- a favoring toward uh uh lighter skinned Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 uh blacks uh # Uh because with the awareness programs that are going up now and the uh the culture revamping where as the people are black and proud, you know like so. uh uh the nappy hair and so forth as a matter of fact I had a friend of mine who uh uh mayor {C: name} son George junior. Interviewer: Okay. 847: Who's- we were in a bar and uh George is a good looking fella you know uh uh very suave reddish-brown tone skin sorta straight hair straight curly hair. And uh fella who owns the bar is about your color but he's got nappy hair. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 uh {NW} # uh He was one of those older cats that I knew for a long time that people related to him in that particular matter and he's very- has been very successful, he was one of the first black uh well uh negroes- he wasn't black. uh Neither in his attitude his culture nor anything else else because he had been- he grew up on the conditions of the favoritism thing toward his color. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: Uh you know he was telling George- he said you know, here comes old cute George, you know and uh uh I had been- you know like I've done my thing around town, and uh used to be quite a sharp dresser and so forth-I don't dress like I used to. I think it's this job. And uh George was saying well he said the day is ours us light-skinned niggers with straight hair, he said the blacker and nappier your hair is, it seems like the more people who care for you. That is the truth. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # They really are. 847: Yeah, you know like uh uh who used to really get over. {NS} uh uh I think the black chicks are more inclined to turn 'em away uh those who uh say uh associate uh with whites. uh used to they find that uh they don't get that same favor. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 And- # and I-I-and I started noticing that particular trend when I was in Germany. Uh I found that in Germany that uh the German chicks were more inclined to uh date the cats who were had broader and- and I- full negroid uh features. Interviewer: #1 uh # 847: #2 You know like # #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 847: black skin big nose, thick lip and nappy hair. Interviewer: uh 847: And I could never figure that one out cause during that time my hair was kind of curly and straight looking and uh uh that was during my lighter days, I- Interviewer: #1 hmm # 847: #2 course I was just a # shade or two lighter than I am now and I- I said damn you know like I can't figure this one out over here and I know I- I knew that I looked better than those cats did. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 847: That's what I thought. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Well I wasn't attractive. You see it's a matter of what you think are good looks, it's a matter of what's attractive to other people. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: I wasn't attractive to them. And uh I sorta went through a-a thing of uh of doubting who- you know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 What # #1 could I do with it? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: That's- that's a real trip that was a real trip to go on though. Interviewer: {X} 847: uh and I- and after a few years back here then things started to change and I guess the change really came about uh oh I would say around sixty-five when I-sixty-five, sixty-six when I started- people uh making a distinction there. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 um # Saying that uh well the blackness thing. So it real- it really you know like it's- it's been something that uh I guess a lot of people don't wanna admit. But if you would take {NS} right now {NS} I bet you that seventy-five percent of the blacks of a merit in Dallas- successful blacks over forty-five Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: seventy-five percent of them their wives have extremely light and have straight hair almost. Interviewer: That would be interesting-that would be interesting to find out, wouldn't it? 847: And that would be a good thing to study. Interviewer: Yeah, that would. 847: Yeah. And my wife is light. Freckles and all, #1 but {D: just so} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: {D: I- you know I'd had nothing to do with-} that might have something to do I can remember when I uh when I was in high school all of my- all all of the girls that I dated were extremely light and had straight hair. Back then they were considered as being good-looking. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 847: uh so but now I-I-I-I think I can psychologically, this is a Freudian thing, I can go back to-back- my mother was light, my sister's light. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 My sister had straight hair. # Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 uh # So then that might have something to do with it. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 Like # Interviewer: #2 You know there's some influence. # 847: Well yeah, and like I- I notice with my son now. He's twelve. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 847: His little girlfriend is a little Mexican girl. uh {NS} he doesn't seem to be too interested in little black girls {D: running around}. Interviewer: {D: What-potentially?} 847: Yeah. Well they- what it is uh, with his mother being uh {NS} light-skinned, that- well this is a picture of my wife here. That- that's with a tan. Interviewer: Yeah, she is light. #1 Yeah, it seems to me about her hair too. She's cute. # 847: #2 Now that's my daughter you know like # Interviewer: Oh well, yeah. She's light too, golly. She's cute. Your wife's real cute. Is she your age? 847: My wife? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 847: You wouldn't believe it but she's six months older than I am. Interviewer: Huh. Is that right? 847: Yeah, there's another picture of her. Which I think is a real winner. Interviewer: Oh that's a cute picture. Is that recent- is that pretty recent? 847: No it was taken last year. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 847: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Is she still thirty-two or is she thirty-three now? # 847: She's thirty-three. Interviewer: {NS} Got ahead of you huh? 847: Well ironically I always thought that- I think because of their size {D: that they were light.} {X} #1 I had three or something like it always # Interviewer: #2 Well I was gonna say she looks like she was little. {C: thumps} # 847: Always considered her as being a little girl. I been knowing her- like we grew up together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 847: Uh when I say grew up together, I think we started liking each other when we were about eleven years old. Interviewer: Uh-huh? 847: So uh Interviewer: #1 That-that does go a long way back. # 847: #2 Yeah we- # we've been together for twenty years. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: {D: You know, here's somebody} here I'm thirty-two and I'm talking about how I've been with someone for twenty years #1 and it's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: actually a fact though. Twenty years. uh Interviewer: Is she a Baptist too? {X} 847: My wife thinks that she doesn't need to go to church to have religion. I think that she belonged to a Baptist church {D: at one point in time} but uh, yeah I know she did when she was in high school. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 uh but # Interviewer: #1 {X} Baptists {X} # 847: #2 on-yeah yeah. # Interviewer: How far did she get in school? 847: Uh she graduated from high school, she's been to a business college, right now she's going to El Centro. uh She was one of the first graduates from one of those real slick {NS} uh business colleges that sprung up all over back in the mid-fifties. Interviewer: Yeah, like {X}. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh #1 As a matter of fact she ended up teaching in one of 'em because she uh-yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # What about your uh father's parents, where are they from? 847: I've never discussed my father's parents with him. Interviewer: {X} or anything about their education, or anything like that? 847: No. Interviewer: What about the education of your mother's parents? {X} 847: My grandmother perhaps mm sixth, seventh grade. uh In fact my grandfather had less education than that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: He was a shrewd old man. Very sharp. Interviewer: Is he living? 847: Yeah he just passed uh about four years ago. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: Yeah, you see he- he and my father were about the same age. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Wonder what he thought when- when your mother and your father got married? 847: I don't know, you know like uh {NS} that was one of the things that sent my mother to her grave was the fact that she didn't like my sister's husband. uh my mother was a little bit prejudiced too. She didn't like real dark-skinned people. #1 She had a thing about her # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: and my sister's husband was black as that thing there. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh and twenty-five years her senior. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 847: My mother just could not stand it. You know like uh {NS} she lived in a house with him. out in uh {D: Stockton}. And I- that was something that my mother never got over. Interviewer: {D: How so?} 847: She never got over it. That just worried really that was one of the things that worried her to her grave. Interviewer: Sad. 847: And- I think I know what it was. My mother's expectation of her children was that uh you know, we {NS} was that we were always gonna be doing better than how she did. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # And she had a distinct feeling that uh my sister's husband was a hindrance to her growth. Interviewer: Hmm. 847: uh to a certain degree she was right. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Course association brings about assimilation. Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's right. # 847: #2 uh # uh I was just telling a friend of mine uh you know I was talking about yesterday. You know I mentioned my profession. When I first came into this building here I wouldn't come to work looking like you've seen me looking at work, I just didn't believe in that uh One reason why is that the environment was different. I worked downtown most of the time and it uh that environment was distinctively different uh that uh so far as your your dress was concerned. uh {NS} I don't know how to work that phone. I hear it ringing but that's okay uh Interviewer: {X} 847: After being over here this- this building is depressing. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # #1 it's usually # Interviewer: #2 I worked in a place like this one time. # 847: It's very depressing, it doesn't give you any incentive, it's not a you know you- you don't do very much creative thinking here. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And a lot of things happen to people psychologically by working in a place like this #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 847: That fellow that's the executive director of this program {X} {D: way away from me} but then that- that I noticed that I uh I had a friend of mine that came over with my that used to work on my staff When we first came over here we were always immaculately clean sharp. And people used to oh you know like here comes uh doctor so-and-so and whatever else they used to call Mike you know uh Who are y'all trying to impress, what are you doing? You know and I said #1 You know like uh, you going to church today? I said I'm coming to work, this is a professional job. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: And it ended up you know like uh that their attitude, not their attitudes but their manners and so forth has rubbed off on me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. #1 {X} That happens. # 847: #2 Yeah. # So uh I-I think that's what my mother's concern was about my sister #1 was that uh # Interviewer: #2 Right right. # 847: uh she realized by being married to an older man that there are just certain aggressions that older people don't have Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You- you know like uh they're not as progressive in their thinking Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # 847: #2 and doings and so forth and more satisfied # uh they are more complacent about a lot of things and if you're- if you are in that complacent atmosphere you become complacent too and uh uh course my sister is mm I guess she's been teaching now for almost twenty years, well she's been teaching for twenty years #1 longer because uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # She must be {D: much} older than you are? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 847: uh my sister was born nineteen, my mother was nineteen Interviewer: {X} 847: so uh she's uh I mean she's been teaching over twenty years. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh I know she has. Cause she finished high school when she was fifteen. uh that's right though she was out of college at nineteen. Interviewer: Wow. I was just barely in college at nineteen. What about your wife's uh social contacts, her {X} clubs? 847: Goes to the spa. Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} {NS} What about her uh her parents? Where are they from? 847: Marshall, Texas. {NS} Interviewer: Do you know any further back than that? 847: mm her grandmother expired in Marshall so I would assume that she grew up you know within that general area. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 847: Around that area now. Interviewer: Okay. Okay um okay tell me what you call the uh financial center in Dallas where all the banks and savings and loans and stuff like that are. Do you have a particular name for that area? 847: My name for it's South Wall Street. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? {C: laughing} 847: No that's- that's probably nobody else in Dallas calls it that but that's just the way I look at it, it's name's South Wall Street. Interviewer: Okay. 847: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 847: {NS} Wall Street I've- people you know I downtown Dallas to me perhaps has the one of the most beautiful skylines of any city in the country. I don't know of any other city- well San Francisco has a pretty skyline. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: It's beautiful. uh And that's just because in recent years they built #1 several new buildings out there lately but otherwise- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: the hills and all that it's pretty anyhow. uh but I can remember when I was younger I was in New York and had the opportunity to go on Wall Street And I- I associate the Dallas financial industry which uh insurance and banking business uh in Dallas is is great, folks have more. Well everybody knows you know like you you understand that Dallas is an insurance center it's uh banking and so forth and I always thought about Dallas as being a grand and great city. And uh I just say this is South Wall Street and it is in a sense of speaking, there's a lotta #1 money here. # Interviewer: #2 yup # Yup that's true. 847: Lotta money here. Interviewer: What do you call a commercial center like where in Dallas like where retail stores and merchandising center and that kind of thing? 847: That's downtown. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names? 847: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh is there a separate um black or other kind of minority financial commercial center? 847: Separate? Interviewer: Yeah. 847: No. Interviewer: {X} Okay. Uh what do you call the largest airport around here? 847: D-F-W. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? Okay. Um what are the most well-known historical landmarks around Dallas? {NS} 847: Well there's the Millermore House. Interviewer: What is that? 847: Well Millermore House is the uh it's one of the antebellum homes that was one of the few that was built in the Dallas area. Interviewer: I didn't know that. 847: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 That's interesting. # 847: uh there is uh the {X} home used to be the Belo family corporation when- that's Belo- that's a communication corporation- the Belo family owns it's down on Ross Avenue. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Well the Dall- histori- the historical societies have been attempting to do uh uh well there's been talk about uh Interviewer: #1 Was it-was it {X} # 847: #2 preserving that # #1 place . # Interviewer: #2 family home? # 847: Yeah it was a family home at one time. Speaking- have you seen that thing? Interviewer: Huh-uh where is it? 847: It's down Ross Avenue just uh there's a Catholic church that's down there right at uh Ross and which is that street that's not Field Street Pearl no it's not Pearl. It's just a shame I can't even tell you what. Just- just as you like uh it's across the street from uh a {X} place uh Interviewer: Well I'll have to look for it. 847: #1 It's on the right-hand side of the street. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: Can't miss it, it's uh a lotta the uh there's a lot of growth around it now like the- they had like the yard roped because the people that uh had it leased was a a funeral home and they uh widened that street in there and they said that cut out some apartment lot Think they were looking for an excuse to get out of their lease. Interviewer: hmm 847: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 It's a reality though. # uh course you know there's uh uh there's the Bryan Neely uh {NS} #1 log cabin downtown, everybody knows where that thing is. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah. # {NW} 847: Uh I like to go out and look out on Lawther Lane and look at H-L Hunt's house. {NS} The Hunt House. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Where is that? # 847: #2 The Hunt House # is out on Lawther Lane around White Rock like Law-Lawther Lane goes Interviewer: Oh yeah. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 847: #2 uh # That house is almost an exact replica to the White House. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: #1 Yeah it's a beautiful thing you know like uh you can see # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: #1 Dallas' own little White House out there and it's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: I think the dimensions of it are just a few feet uh less than what the White House is. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 uh # Now the one I like- {D: Mott} today, you know this is gonna be history tomorrow and forever and a long time is now the market center. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Now the market center in Dallas is second to none- it is the largest market center in the world #1 on- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: in one location Now that part of Dallas is history I like that's- I saw uh I worked in the uh trade mart, that was the first building that was built up there, I was-I guess in high school when they uh Interviewer: Is that right? 847: #1 when they built that building uh. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: I have a friend of mine who works in the apparel mart now. And now the largest piece of tapestry that was made {NS} in this {NS} century {NS} is hanging out there, it was commissioned by {X}, it was the uh oh piece of artwork that was uh done depicting the first fashion show. {NS} And it's #1 hanging in the proper place out in the apparel mart on the great hall. # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know that. # 847: uh The piece of tapestry is uh oh it took about roughly two years to make that thing. uh it shows uh the first fashion show was the Shahrazad was uh dressing her sister Dunyazad to marry the king. Uh not the king but the king's brother. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know well that was part of the thousand and one Arabian night tales. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 Well you know that story. # Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Well anyway that's- it's just showing the first fashion show because um everybody was so happy when Shahrazad when Dunyazad was gonna marry the king and the I mean the king's brother and the king decided that Shahrazad didn't need to tell him any more tales because he was in love with her. So then Shahrazad in order to uh commemorate the thing she said she was going to dress her sister in all these fine gowns and so forth and there are smaller pieces of tapestry around that shows each area- you know like each gown, each fitting and so forth. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 uh # I guess there are a lotta people in Dallas that really don't- uh you know they don't really think about that, to me, was uh quite an achievement. Interviewer: #1 Yes. # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: #1 {D: I didn't know that.} # 847: #2 Because well particularly since uh you know uh # years ago beautiful works of carpet or tapestry uh was used as money uh And then to have that thing that's {D: just hanging out} that one piece of work cost over a hundred thousand dollars. Interviewer: #1 That is- # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: That's a lot of money. 847: It's a lot of money. You know, just to have #1 a great rag hanging on the wall but it's- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: but it's much, really it's just the beauty of the thing captivates you uh there are hundreds of different hues and colors and threads that were used in that thing. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Just a beautiful piece of work. uh I don't know uh- let's see course you know the first tall building which everybody used to come into town was the Magnolia Building which #1 flying red horse, you know that was- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: that was the building that made Dallas a standout. Uh I can remember as a kid we'd go out of town and it looked like miles and miles away you know you could #1 see that red horse turning. # Interviewer: #2 Red horse. # {NW} 847: After that it was the Mercantile Bank Building. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # And I had a lot of pride about the Mercantile Bank Building because my mother #1 was in charge of cleaning the building. # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # 847: #1 You know so {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # #1 That's right a pride for her. # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 847: I- I think well I know that uh the some of the most beautiful architecture downtown is the old {D: Darfus} hotel. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: that building uh the building which uh is across the street- the Baker Hotel has a lot of uh work in it too uh Interviewer: Yeah. 847: the old uh Sanger Building- not the Sanger Building, the A. Harris Building which was a A. Harris uh uh department store that's on uh it's on Main Street, right at Main and Akard. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: But uh- These-these are uh some beautiful pieces of uh architecture that uh I think people just pass by, never having a real appreciation for it. uh They could perhaps care less of the thousand or hundred thousand pigeons set up on it Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 You know? {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: I've got- and things like that I take a lot of notice in uh There are I don't know, there- there are so many things, you know like if I was- I'm talk- you asked me what uh about Dallas'- you know uh the historical spots in Dallas, I'm just taking about the things that uh there are other places there are other things here but uh that I- I just look at those things and I particularly appreciate or like them. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. {X} # 847: #2 uh # Let's take the cement plant out where my father worked out in West Dallas. That ce- the uh sorta like the ventilation stack, that thing was one of the tallest type stacks made in this country like uh and it's still standing out there, company's going out of business, they've turned it into they're developing it into a uh industrial park and they left their stacks sitting there and they saw like a Interviewer: #1 Huh. # 847: #2 {X} figure that's out there # Interviewer: Huh. That's interesting. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Are they gonna leave it? 847: They're gonna leave it there and- and it's uh it's illuminated at night. Interviewer: #1 That's neat. # 847: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Uh Interviewer: {X} 847: I sure wish the city parlors had had sense of that or had had the foresight to see what an attraction a streetcar would've been in Dallas #1 if they had {D:let} downtown now. {C: creaking} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. {C: creaking} # 847: {NS} When they took the streetcars away that- that really- I always knew that the streetcar shoulda been- I said that they should leave at least one track or one route for the streetcar. and everybody thought you know said what? You know like eh my mother used to try to explain to me you know about the you know the tracks are dangerous and they're in the way. I said no- I said you know that would certainly make people uh {NS} uh I said just something about it was a history thing, and I was just a youngster thinking about that thing. Interviewer: #1 Yeah look at San Francisco now. # 847: #2 uh # I could- the thing that I thought they shoulda done was left one track the uh that was an old track that went by Union Terminal Station. uh {C: noises} that- that went to {D: old cliffs}. Interviewer: Yes. 847: Uh Interviewer: {X} {NS} 847: I think there's something about a real nice spot I used to like to go to. Interviewer: What do you think- tell me this. 847: {X} Thank you. Fair Park. Interviewer: Oh yes. 847: {D: Down} The Museum of Fine Arts in Fair Park. uh Music Hall. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh which is a very fine structure. The Museum of Fine Arts has a a wealth of fine collections in there. uh Museum of Natural History is perhaps one of the most complete about uh southwest animals and so forth you'll find. uh I don't particularly like our {X} over there, it doesn't offer very much. uh the uh what they call the Texas Hall of Fame. Interviewer: Yes. 847: Very fine place. uh I've started taking my son like over in there because I grew over in the Fair Park and these places were just like I used to play in them. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know uh so I I grew up with an appreciation for art through that just that- that association, just growing up over to that neighborhood and having a it- it was like a daily thing you know you could go over and- and look at things and other people would have to come on too or make it a once a year #1 thing to do. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: uh so that's you know that's something I have a lot of appreciation because that uh it gave me an insight on a lot of culture and art #1 {D: at the time} but uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 Just have it right there. # 847: #2 Yeah it- it was like that. # course now the Cotton Bowl is something that's very famous. I can remember when they built the first extension which was a double deck Interviewer: Yeah. 847: on the cotton bowl and that was {NS} during the days when Doak Walker was going to S-M-U. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: you know like this one captain built the Cotton Bowl. {C: laughing} And that's literally what happened. And after that you know they put double decks on it, I can remember as a kid going to look out over that deck and I think the Cotton Bowl was one of the well the Rose Bowl was always a good place but the Cotton Bowl is still one of the finest stadiums in the country. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 847: You know so far as the uh pieces of the Cotton Bowl. uh {NS} {NS} Dallas has lost a lot of its history though. Uh I think modern times have changed a lot of things. Interviewer: Such as? 847: I don't know like it just seems that like let's take downtown for instance. They- they have torn down most of the old buildings and things that uh Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh They just here recently started to think about trying to preserve {D: something}. uh They were going to tear down the old red brick courthouse. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah I remember that. # 847: #2 You remember that? # #1 I thought that was # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: the craziest thing in the world you know. Interviewer: #1 Aw I couldn't believe it. # 847: #2 You know. # uh I'm glad somebody finally rescued the place. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} 847: I could've been one of those persons who woulda been sitting down on the bricks while the #1 bulldozers were coming. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. {C: laughing} # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 I can- # I can think of so many things that are just not here anymore that are gone #1 you know uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: Uh it's- it's sorta like uh it's the town of no no past to it. It uh Interviewer: Yeah. It all looks so new. 847: Yeah, you know if- if it's torn up so much here. and uh they've thrown away a lot of art a lot of history in this town. uh They didn't do very much to preserve lot- lotta the old neighborhoods. uh Interviewer: Yeah. 847: They're gone. Interviewer: Like {X}? 847: Yeah. It's gone. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh {D: and a lot all gone around} uh Swiss Avenue of course you know the historical society has been able to preserve some of those homes over there. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh over in South Dallas around Park Grove uh South Boulevard. there are some very fine structures over in homes at uh Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Well at one time that was an area that uh a lot of Jews lived in. You know of course there's always- there was always that prevalent factor that in this society there were more people who discriminated against blacks you know black people usually get off in this thing that uh they the only persons discriminated against but then even the Jews like have always been kinda nestled off to the corner #1 somewhere # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: and that there's a lot of people that won't admit it now but then there's an area out in North Dallas now. that we have uh just a hell of a lot of Jews live in that area. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Oh yeah-all-all together. 847: #1 Yeah all together. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Yeah. #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 And uh # strange thing isn't it? Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: If you ever really think about it uh Interviewer: Really what uh-what are all the-tell me what the derogatory names do you know to refer to the Jews that are used around here. 847: Oh {NS} What is a {X}? #1 That's something that they don't really use that # Interviewer: #2 I'm not sure. # 847: #1 down here. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # but I know it's something. 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Sounds like something {X} would use but I don't know who he'd be talking about. # 847: Well you'd either be talking about a Jewish person or an Italian. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. #1 Cuz I don't think # 847: #2 Yeah. # I know Polack's a Polish {D: immigrant} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 But then you don't- # you don't hear Polacks used down here very much because there's not that many Polish people. Interviewer: mm-mm 847: Jews you just don't uh Jew is a Jew. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh being a Jew is derogatory. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Sometimes. You know just the- just to imply that an individual is a Jew uh uh I've seen that uh be uh something bad I know uh I can remember this is nineteen or twenty years old uh being a Catholic down this way was pretty bad #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # Do you know of any other names they were called- the Catholics? 847: No. Interviewer: But just Catholic? 847: Yeah just being Catholic and I- and that thing really heightened up when uh Kennedy was running #1 for president # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: for his {X} 847: {X} really use the the {NS} the scare tactics that they probably used before and that he was gonna turn {NS} all the black people loose and give 'em all jobs and push whites out of jobs. {NS} So they started talk- they used a religion thing to scare people. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 You know # if you couldn't use a racial thing you'd use a religious thing. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 And uh # {NW} Interviewer: Do you know of any uh derogatory names for Protestants? 847: No. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh Mexicans? 847: Right now Mexican is bad. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Wetbacks. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Pepper bellies. Interviewer: Yeah. Anything else? 847: uh Tortilla. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: That's about it you know like uh the wetback and the pepper belly thing is uh {NS} #1 something that I remember very distinctly. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 I remember the wetback thing. # 847: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: What about uh about-you're gonna laugh but I have to ask you these. What about Czechoslovakians? Anything derogatory? What about Germans? Okay what about Italians? 847: Wop. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 That one. # 847: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # That one kinda stuck down here- it's it's down here now. Interviewer: What about Lithuanians? {NW} 847: I've only known one Lithuanian and I was in service with him. Interviewer: I've only known one too I think. 847: It's a very small country #1 you know yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Uh what about-oh yeah you said what was it you said Pole was? 847: Polacks. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: That's about all. Interviewer: Okay what about uh Puerto Ricans? {NS} 847: No. Interviewer: Greeks? Englishmen? 847: No. Interviewer: Scotchmen-Scotsmen? How about {D: Gambians}? 847: #1 Nothing. # Interviewer: #2 Okay Frenchmen? # Russians? Cajuns? 847: Well you know like you-you'd you know like German {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh {NS} just being a German when I- as I grew up was bad. Interviewer: Because it was right after World War Two? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Cubans uh whenever-I really never gave too much thought to Cubans till Castro came along. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And then Cubans uh just being a Cuban was something bad. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: What about now? 847: Now it's- it's easing a little bit but people still have uh that feeling toward Cubans that uh Interviewer: mm 847: uh there's something bad and of course {D: in the hallway} you didn't need a derogatory name for a Russian. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} #1 {NW} # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: #1 That's true. # 847: #2 You know uh I had enough of # you know like uh German uh the G-I Joe comic books taught you enough about you know various things that you just didn't uh have a good use for Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 uh particularly uh # the Japanese. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: That was the damnedest thing to me and after I got grown I started to thinking about it is that the Germans were a greater menace to the to the world than the Japs were but then all of the and here's where that racial prejudice come in uh ethnic I think uh color prejudice come in so much uh over race. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: {NS} is that {NS} most of the battle comic books like G-I Joe and those other things they used to have would alway show G-I Joe winning the battle against the Japanese. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You know they would be uh uh uh they called 'em Chinks and all you know it was just something that I always wondered you know like well why weren't that many comic books about #1 Germans you know about us # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: beating the Germans but then that's where that #1 color thing comes in. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah it's true. # 847: uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear any derogatory names about Scandinavians? 847: No. Interviewer: What about somebody who belongs to the Republican party? 847: Well {NS} down here being a Republican, it's just bad to be a Republican to me uh the thing that uh {NS} I deal with Republicans on is their ability to be ultra-conservative in-about everything Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # and I-I think uh that conservative tag has been something that's uh bad for them uh in the minority community with poor people uh social workers the whole thing you know like uh you just don't that conservative badge is something that uh uh people get stuck with. #1 You know I'm a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: conservative and uh well and I-I'd imagine some moderate or some liberal Republicans but uh then they're just stuck with that conservative Interviewer: What about insulting names for immigrants? {NS} 847: Oh uh people call them jackasses. You know that comes from the party uh uh mascot. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: but uh Interviewer: uh Okay um I think you'll like this. Well I don't know you might not like this. Tell me about playing the dozens. Is it-do y'all call it that? 847: Yeah I never engaged in it though. Interviewer: You didn't? 847: uh-uh Interviewer: What-how is it regarded in your community I mean you know what kind of kids did it? 847: Everybody did it. I didn't do it. Interviewer: Why didn't you do it? 847: I just- I always thought it was insulting. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: It was something that I didn't- I wasn't able to come to grips to play with. uh People who knew me just didn't play that you know {D: ever so I could fight it} {NS} Interviewer: #1 uh uh-huh # 847: #2 something to me you know # or a war march. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: I-I just I just never-I just could-uh to me it was always something that was derogatory, demeaning humiliating and uh I just didn't engage in that sort of a thing #1 but I do # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 847: know that people everybody did it. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: Was it called anything else? 847: No, none none other than the dozens. {X} Interviewer: What kind of a-a word of respect or affection would you use to refer to like your best friend? 847: My best friend. I think it I-I don't use this very much anymore it's like my main man. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 847: You know uh Interviewer: That probably-couldn't you'd say that you'd say best friend? {NS} 847: Yeah I use buddy a lot. {NS} uh I uh I know I know uh I would only consider my closest friends as being my buddies you know I don't uh and that's just two or three people, other people are just uh consider them as being a friend or an acquaintance. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh What about uh do you know any words that might be used to refer to an adult who's close friends with an adolescent? 847: Close friend with an adolescent. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 847: mm-mm Interviewer: Okay what would a young man call his best girlfriend? 847: His woman. Interviewer: Okay anything else? Okay what would she call him? 847: Her man. Interviewer: {NS} Anything else? {NS} 847: No. Anything else would be lying you know like that's {NS} colloquial that's what it is man and woman. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay uh what um names do you have for people that are known as hippies you know like you used to be in San Francisco would be the same thing? 847: Freaks. Interviewer: mm-kay anything else? {NS} 847: That's about it. Interviewer: Okay uh what do you call a man who uh-a person who carries and delivers uh mail? 847: It used to be the mailman now he's the postman. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: The rule changed? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: What does your son call him? 847: Mailman. Interviewer: uh-huh That's funny. Wonder if he'll change when he gets older. 847: He'll change. Interviewer: That's funny. Uh okay what do you call a person who loads and carries away garbage? 847: Trashman. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: Well he's a sanitation worker now. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 You know so {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Depends on whether you're at work or not doesn't it? 847: Yeah it uh if I'm at work he's a sanitation man. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: When I go home he's the trashman. Interviewer: Okay. 847: uh He's never been a garbage collector. He's always been a trashman. I know uh in other areas people say garbage collectors. Here he's either been a trashman, he left from being a trashman to a sanitation #1 worker. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's pretty good. Okay uh what do you call a woman who solicits and-and gets money for uh sexual relations? 847: She's a whore. Interviewer: Okay. 847: But you don't say whore it's hoe. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 847: you know Interviewer: I get it. 847: H-O-E not W-H-O-R-E. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Any other names? 847: uh I guess hoe and whore was the uh first words that I heard to describe a prostitute. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Then prostitute. I've known a lot of prostitutes in like uh and been and have some friends of mine. uh So you refrain you have to think you know figure out something better to call our friends and so it became sporting ladies. Interviewer: Oh okay. #1 {X} # 847: #2 you know uh # Interviewer: Is that what they call themselves or? 847: Yeah like uh they they you know like prostitute is like uh uh there's a there's a proper name to say that they're filthy in uh certain social circles and uh hoe or whore is a little bit demeaning and #1 derogatory. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: So sporting ladies like uh it gives a little bit of flair and a little dignity. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: So uh in in proper circles they're sporting ladies. Interviewer: Okay. 847: But uh they don't mind calling each other whores though Interviewer: Oh is that right? 847: No. It's just like uh when you {NS} first day you came over here I you know I in that circle of women they they call each other whores, bitch you know. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Friendly. # 847: Friendly and awful. It just depends on the tone. Interviewer: Oh. #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 You see uh # some people can curse you with a tone that you know is a negative tone you can be cursed again but be a positive tone. Interviewer: uh-huh mm-kay 847: You know it's like uh uh motherfucker. {NS} We use that word daily. Day in and out you know but #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 For what # exactly? 847: For what? Interviewer: Yeah for what. Yeah. 847: Everything. Interviewer: Okay give me some examples? 847: If I was describe in describing uh I have a lot of good things that I call people but uh then I guess uh if it's something that's say disgust that individual might you might get a reply like That's a motherfucking shame. uh {NS} An exclamation. Ain't that a bitch. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm About a situation? 847: Yeah. uh But motherfucker is just something you use all- it it just comes out without really {NW} a real problem at all. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: But you use it when you're mad and when you're not mad? 847: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Right? # mm-kay Okay what do you call a man who solicits business for a prostitute? 847: He's a pimp. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: He- he's either a pimp or a trick. You know like uh Interviewer: A what? 847: A trick. Uh tricks can be used in so many different ways it just depends on the individual situation uh The person who buys that uh the uh who buys the woman is a trick. Interviewer: Okay. 847: uh A trick is usually a stupid individual that you can say that game that you can play a game on 'em anytime you so desire. And uh he's gotta be a real trick to go out and buy. You know like uh the word trick came in at uh I think in the hustling field where is it people started talking about somebody that they could uh uh use a con game on. Interviewer: What #1 what was it, was the # 847: #2 So then trick # Interviewer: hustling game, the hustling field? 847: Well hustling carries a lot of things like hustling is uh {NS} a hustler can be a gambling hustler. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Most gamblers uh at one time uh were uh crooked gamblers. So then you start hustling people. uh It's like playing on uh the things that you know you can play on people uh uh well they're not- they're gullible, they're not Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Whether they are apathetic in their approach to life a lot of things that you can deal with in hustling people uh to hustle a trick uh it could be uh {D: say like a runner for} the prostitute uh. Of course now that you don't find very much of that anymore. Uh you used to have uh uh in uh you made your hotels and places like that the bellboys became hustlers became hustlers for the prostitutes. Interviewer: huh 847: Or either they hustled for the pimp and that was they would be hustling tricks. Like a convention would come into town. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh You know like you drop a word you know you gentlemen looking for some nice ladies uh just let me know uh. Well he becomes a hustler of tricks. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 And uh # well the trick is the individual that's gonna pay. Interviewer: oh 847: uh Then the trick thing uh well you see playing tricks is like a game that you play in fun. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 847: Well you always feel like at any time that a prostitute uh a hoe is gonna approach a man and she tells him if it's uh ten and five or maybe uh ten and two well ten and two it means ten dollars for her and two dollars for the room. Interviewer: mm 847: uh She becomes more of an expert in her field of endeavor if she's able to get more than the ten. Interviewer: uh uh-huh 847: so it's a trick you gotta play, it you be a tricker that I didn't make my money and my man's gonna beat you know a lotta games people can go through and uh you know like if I'm just trying to really to get off into how the name trick started being applied to people. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh I've seen people uh tricked out of their money by some of them. uh A fifth of water for a fifth of whiskey. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} That is bad. 847: Yeah you know it becomes a real trick #1 and it is a trick # Interviewer: #2 I guess so. # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: uh But I've seen 'em even go for uh pay for a pint of urine you know that #1 it just # Interviewer: #2 Oh yuck. # {NW} #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # Some real tricks out there. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} That's funny. 847: uh These were usually games that we played on white people. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 You could never # trick you you sitting there like we use nigger I started to say you could never trick a nigger like this. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 Unless # he was a real real zip fool. He would have to be a real zip fool and I mean a zip fool a zip fool is like #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah a zip's # {D: nasty} 847: you know the worst kind of fool that you can run into I mean he's just uh uh he's the head of all fools like a zip fool you know like zippers is something that you use in in describing the term of something real fast. Interviewer: uh uh-huh 847: Well this fool is ahead all #1 precedent things. # Interviewer: #2 This is true. # 847: #1 Fool. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I get it. # {NW} #1 Okay. # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Funny. 847: But uh that really the hustling the hustling thing, it you can hustle people in in so many different ways uh. uh I've seen people hustled for food for drinks for dope you know uh they're just games to people run 'em you know. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 847: uh But I I I think that less more women hustle men than men hustle women. #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 847: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Why is that? # 847: #2 uh # Well it's it's more you know like uh men are more willing to pay than women are willing to pay you got women on {D: their merit days} are willing to pay, uh You got uh course I've seen slick fellas that might play uh homosexual game is what they hustle sissies {NW} you know uh Interviewer: Wait when you say slick fella does that mean homosexual? 847: No slick Interviewer: Just means fast? 847: Fast. uh A greased pig is slick. You can't know how to hold him if you're trying to catch him. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Well a slick person is one who's usually able to get out of the uh little things that people get trapped in they don't get trapped in it. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh they play a little bit ahead of the game uh the everyday game if people in inv- involved in you know a little little {D: wire type} games that people everyday go through well they're just sometimes a little bit ahead. Like for instance uh you would figure a slick individual is able to when everybody else is driving eh a Volkswagen he's driving a Cadillac uh uh everybody else is in sneakers he had on alligator shoes and Interviewer: Yeah. 847: and diamond rings and so forth #1 so uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: then slick became that- that- that-thing uh uh then people used to slick their hair back you know when they started making a little money. They started manicuring themselves a little bit and uh they had that well-tailored look of slick back you know #1 so they were slick thinking. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # #1 Okay yeah. # 847: #2 You know. # Interviewer: What-what names do you have for the police? 847: Pigs. Interviewer: Anything else? 847: Dogs. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh I I started a lotta people calling policemen dogs. Interviewer: {NW} 847: uh Even though I have nothing against dogs but I think somehow another that uh since uh I really I that I- I use dogs more than I do pigs to describe the police. Interviewer: mm-hmm Anything else? 847: The law. The man. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know. Interviewer: Okay uh What do you call a person who operates a mortuary? 847: hmm {NS} I guess they used to be a funeral director. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Now it's a mortician. Interviewer: Okay. uh What do you call a person who sells L-S-D or heroin or something like that directly to the user? 847: mm He's a pusher. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: No he's just {NS} he's just a pusher to me. Interviewer: Okay. 847: Cat that he gets it from is the dealer. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay what do you call a person who wastes time on the job? 847: {D: Fuck-off}. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: Dodging service is a goldbrick. I don't use you know I stopped using goldbrick because people look at you like you're cra- you know what is that? Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh so uh I use fuck-off more than I do anything else Interviewer: Okay. 847: to describe that the individual that does that. Interviewer: Who does that. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: What about a person who drinks al-alcohol all the time and too much? 847: He's a lush. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: uh I think in better circles they call him an alcoholic. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: Now they even have have have differences in those like uh you got a wino. uh There's a difference between winos and alcoholics. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 How's- # how's that? 847: Well {NW} usually a wino is a impecunious individual Interviewer: Yeah. #1 {NW} # 847: #2 uh # who has more looks more like a hobo. uh course you very seldom hear anybody say anything about a hobo #1 nowadays. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: uh An alcoholic an alky, sometimes you call 'em alkies. uh There's something else that my friends call it uh oh {D: grogger, boozers.} You know. But I usually stick with either he's a now there's a difference now a lush there's a difference between uh I-I have a distinction between wino, lush and alcoholic. Interviewer: Okay. 847: uh A lush to me is a woman who drinks too much. Interviewer: Okay. 847: uh And I know and in my circle and we apply that more to a woman we don't call an alcoholic call him a lush. And men are lush it's sorta it's- it's sorta derogatory and demeaning. You know like uh you you really see people that get what we call funky drunk. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You know they just load it in. uh An alcoholic is that individual who drinks every day and drinks excessively who can control it but sometimes he can't control it. You can always depend on him to get drunk. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. And a wino is? 847: Well a wino he drinks wine every day practically. And most winos do drink wine everyday uh they won't work, they don't work they're they're content with uh hustling bottles rags cardboard. You got a few winos who work on the construction job maybe two or three days outta the week. uh They will all steal from you but then they're not they don't they won't steal anything enough to go to jail, they want to make you mad at 'em. Interviewer: Oh. Yeah. #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # They-they there's sorta like a borderline thing they-they're not gonna prick very few winos have ever committed any violent crimes they-they ain't the major type of crimes I-any winos I have known. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You know they just don't engage in violent activities. Now they'll fight among themselves. But uh they're- they're great lovers of themselves they love each other. You know there's more brotherhood among winos than you could find among anybody else. Interviewer: huh 847: Any other #1 uh group of people. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: uh I've seen winos take {NS} a fifth of wine and drink it all with the exceptions of maybe three quarters of an inch down to the bottom and says I'm gonna save this for my buddy and if that buddy doesn't show up for a whole day he's saving a corner of wine for him unless he goes- he's able to go buy another bottle and save him some. Interviewer: huh 847: uh That first morning's drink they'll look for each other for two hours before they'll go purchase a bottle you know buddy's gotta be on the drug drink the bottle with him. Interviewer: {NW} 847: uh Once they've finished drinking uh one of 'em might take the bottle and pop the other over the head with it but uh Interviewer: {NW} 847: then- then tomorrow they're still drinking wine together. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 uh # They don't like people to talk about their friends and they will and they'll talk about each other uh but they they have seemingly more appreciation uh for for brotherhood among themselves Interviewer: #1 huh # 847: #2 sense of # some togetherness uh Interviewer: What do you call um a female homosexual? 847: Mm butch. Interviewer: Anything else? 847: Dyke. Dagger. I don't use dyke it doesn't sound right. uh uh Bulldagger. I don't know that's something that uh I guess you'd say bulldagger or butch. Butch is something that came on recently. uh It was always bulldagger to me. uh People uh kinda cleaned it up because bulldagger sounded so nasty. eh you know it just that was the worst kind and then dyke came along. uh butch Now we use a lot of uh in some circles I go in uh we use gay. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # Reason why we use gay is because then you really don't know who you're talking about hard to nowadays. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 so uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 That's right. # 847: #2 uh # I used to tell my wife you know like uh she has a lot of morals and uh least she used to Interviewer: {NW} 847: and uh she was very {D: easily of how to} become involved in the conversation and get excited in talking about certain uh things that happen socially and I'd always don't say look you don't you just don't make those statements out in public about who you don't like and what you think people are if they do certain things because you don't ever know who you're talking to. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Yeah. 847: I think she learned you know later on what I was talking about #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: so if you're in a good circle of people unless it's people that you know personally uh I you you know like in my circle, people they refrain from uh using butch dyke bulldagger or dagger and they'll just go the gay route. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: cuz uh nine times out of ten there's somebody around there who's had some certain homosexual dealings somewhere along the way Interviewer: uh-huh What about male homosexuals what do you call them? 847: Mm sissies, punks. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh Freaks. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: What-again what if you're in polite you know where you don't know who you're talking to do you say gay for a man too or? 847: Oh they're gay. Yeah uh I would never I would never I wouldn't ever uh insult uh a homosexual one-on-one just directly you know what I'm saying you know uh call them a punk or a sissy or freak. It would be gay. {NS} uh I have a just I think my compassion for people say that people can be whatever they wanna be and uh I just don't think that uh uh they should need to be insulted and they do take those names and uh as being insulting. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Now if I'm in a setting of the all male role there {NS} well you know those cats are real he-men uh you know we we might sit around and say sissy and punk Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 or freak. # You know but uh Interviewer: Yeah. 847: we wouldn't do it uh if we knew that persons uh in the group and that uh were homosexual. Interviewer: Yeah. What do you call a sexually overactive female? 847: Freak. Interviewer: Anything else? 847: uh Nymphs. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: I think freaks and nymphs is uh uh even even nymph is something that uh it's a proper uh word to use to describe uh uh that individual. But uh most people don't like it if they are like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know uh So we might go the freak route that you know in some circles people don't mind being called a freak now. Interviewer: huh #1 okay # 847: #2 You know uh # Interviewer: #1 # 847: #2 # Interviewer: #1 Is it- # 847: #2 you- # Interviewer: is it just freak in isolation or would it be a something freak? {X} 847: Well freaks could go uh {NW} In my circle a freak is an in- any individual who might have uh multiple outlets for sex gratification. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: That could be uh uh anywhere from uh intercourse to uh uh oral uh sex uh. There are persons who uh uh who even though they might be straight don't mind playing around with the opposite sex for a while. You know it just doesn't bother them either way you know uh uh as long as they have the dominant role. You know like uh the cat who is a man who uh he doesn't mind associating with homosexuals but uh for pay or play or whatever it is you know uh uh but he takes a spin on business attitude Interviewer: #1 huh # 847: #2 about it. # It's a matter of business uh you got uh they're there are the women who might do that uh who I guess trying to think about when did we start hanging that one out and that was in the late I guess in the mid fifties when oral sex became more prevalent in the black community. Interviewer: Was it taboo or was that just not done or what #1 was it? # 847: #2 Oh you # just didn't find you just didn't find very many blacks who engaged in oral sex. uh Now you do. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: Yeah you know uh people get involved now so there's that I think {NW} the more intellectual and the more slick people are the more prone they are to start trying different things. Interviewer: Yes. 847: uh #1 And so it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: was in that particular circle uh say in the marijuana smoking or the coke sniffing set where people don't particularly mind talking about freaking. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 You know # so #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Is # that what you'd call a overactive-sexually overactive male too? 847: He's just a he's just a stud. We don't even look at him as being sexually you know that's #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 Impossible. # 847: Yeah impossible. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay I get it. # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: Yeah it's Interviewer: That's good. uh okay what uh-what about a sexually indiscreet female, somebody who's- 847: No she's a bitch. Interviewer: Okay any other names? 847: uh She's from a bitch to a whore. Interviewer: Okay what about uh an indiscreet male? {NS} 847: Well Interviewer: Are there any names? 847: There really aren't any names I kinda- it depends on who I'm talking to I might say that person is promiscuous. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: I like to use that one it's it's kinda cute to me. #1 You know uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: I always say that in this- in today's society promi- promiscuity is running rampant. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 {NW} # And it is. You know Interviewer: {NW} You're right. uh okay uh What about what names do you have for a really ugly girl? 847: A bat. Interviewer: A what? 847: A bat. Interviewer: That's a {D: really odd} name. 847: Yeah you know that's when you say a bat you know it's just #1 bad. # Interviewer: #2 Bad. # 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Anything else? 847: uh I don't know I- we- we- there are so many different things depends on where you are you know like we've gone from dodo bird to bat uh or just plain ugly. Interviewer: Yeah. What about an ugly man? 847: It mighta been goofball. uh it- Of course now goofball is an in- we usually thought about a goofball as being ugly plus what we would consider as not too hip you know like the country bumpkin type. Interviewer: Okay I get it yeah. Yeah okay uh what names do you have for a really intelligent person? 847: Sharp. Interviewer: Anything else? 847: uh I think sharp is you know like uh uh colloquially speaking sharp uh I go anywhere from uh I range with uh uh the person is uh I just say that they're intelligent. Interviewer: mm-kay um What do you call a place {C: noise} where the dead are prepared and kept before burial? 847: That's a funeral home. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 847: Depends on what I'm talking- it depends- if I was talking to you and didn't know you it would be a mortuary. Interviewer: That's interesting. But at home you could say 847: Still a home. Interviewer: Okay what do you call a vehicle for transporting the dead to the burial place? 847: That's always been a hearse. Interviewer: What do you call those buildings within the cemetery that are for burial of the dead-the buildings? 847: I don't know I've always been inclined to call them a crypt. Interviewer: mm-hmm Anything else? 847: No I used to wonder what was it nobody ever knew. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know uh and somehow or another it uh I guess Vincent Price brought the crypt to- to the- {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know really #1 that's- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: that's when I started dealing with that was a crypt when I started watching horror movies. Interviewer: Okay what do you call a lazy non-working city employee? Is there any name in particular? 847: No name in particular. Interviewer: Okay uh what do you call the headquarters of the police department? 847: It's a police station. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: mm-mm It's either police station or jailhouse. Interviewer: Okay. 847: #1 People used # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: to call it jailhouse. Interviewer: That was my next question. {NW} 847: Yeah. Interviewer: And where they're locked up are there any other names for that? {X} 847: uh If I was talking to someone who was in uh prison reform or prison corrections it's incarceration. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Okay if you were just talking at home what would you call it? uh Person's either been jailed or he's in jail. You know uh you say where's old so-and-so, he's in jail. uh-huh #1 Okay. # 847: #2 You know # uh if he gets any time uh formal sentencing he's going to the pen. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know. Interviewer: mm-kay um I don't know if policemen carry them around here but policemen sometimes carry a club? 847: That's a blackjack or billy club. Interviewer: What do you call the building that houses the firefighting equipment? 847: Uh it used to be a firehouse and now somehow or another I call it the fire station. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: That's it. Interviewer: Um okay say somebody knows a politician well enough to secure personal favors. What do you call this kind of political influence he's got? 847: Well even though that person to me is not uh a politician per se but uh uh so far as his uh uh his livelihood but then he's a politician. Always uh you know anybody that's in that uh political arena to me is a politician. Interviewer: mm-kay. Okay what do you call the influence itself you know you could say he's got real? 847: I call it political influence. Interviewer: mm-kay. #1 {X} # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: um What do you call a public school for students in grades one through six? 847: Grade school. Interviewer: Anything else? 847: Elementary school. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: That's it. Interviewer: Okay uh what about grades seven through nine usually? It kinda varies. 847: Well it was just rece- you alright- {NW} recent uh that I started associating that with uh middle school or junior high. uh Like I said there weren't even junior highs where I grew up and uh I've started learning what you know like I knew what junior highs were but then like uh you know we just didn't use junior high that much. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 uh # It was in the sixties when people started using junior high to integrate it cuz then I imagine it was mid sixties that I can remember people started talking about junior high schools quite a bit. uh And the middle school thing is something that's come on in the seventies. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: But Interviewer: It's the same thing? 847: uh there's some distinction between middle school and junior high school, middle schools uh uh do more specialized education and so forth. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Uh they're sorta like the curriculum seems to be a little bit different but uh uh I think basically they're the same uh but the building structure itself is different uh like uh {NS} they have open classrooms uh. um They have uh group teaching and so forth instead of uh the uh uh I guess it's always been group teaching but not the way that they do group teaching now like sitting in the circles and that sort of thing. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: They do more of that in middle schools. Interviewer: {X} I never had any of that stuff so #1 of things. # 847: #2 Well you know # like in middle school there would be no walls in here. Interviewer: Yeah I used to {D: be}. 847: You know there would be walls you know what I mean but then like it's like the whole school is open. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know there's a class here and they can see the other class whatever they're doing and so forth. Interviewer: Yeah yeah. #1 Okay. # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay what do you call um grades oh usually ten through twelve? 847: That's high school. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: That's it. Interviewer: Okay uh what do you call a large enclosed area of a school where basketball games are played and sometimes they have music for dramatic performances? Mostly basketball games that are played there. 847: That's a gym. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: Rarely I might use on a rare- on a rare occasion I might use uh gymnasium but I don't uh Interviewer: oh 847: you know I don't uh I ju- it's just gym. Interviewer: Okay. um What other names do you have for a school bathroom? 847: {NS} Toilet. uh After getting out of the army I might call it a latrine uh then I associate latrines with being big places maybe like uh in a municipal auditorium or someplace where they have a lot of stalls and a lot of ins- uh uh installations in there. Uh that to me is a latrine because in the first latrine I saw was one with probably twenty stools and uh twenty uh twenty urinals around the wall so then latrine to me had to be a place with uh a lot of receptacles #1 around. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: Yeah #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: so that's what I I kinda associate latrine and uh uh people have started uh- in my circle they- they use the john a lot. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Like uh well there's the john. Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah 847: uh Cuz then toilet sounds sorta nasty. You know. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh So john is always like kind of a cute little name for it so we- it- there again is uh where you are. {NS} uh I think what I would be more inclined to ask uh where's your {D: bog} if it depends on where I- you know the Interviewer: uh-huh 847: I think the social group uh if I uh am in the say in a fine home uh {D: the spot}. Interviewer: mm 847: uh If uh I'm in a buffet it's restroom. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh Club, I'm looking for the restroom it's my {D: bog} and that's something that uh people to me need to make di- distinct different between uh going into someone's home and asking for the restroom and the {D: bar}. uh uh if they don't have a {D: bog} it's a lavatory. You know so it's- it's- it just depends on where you are like in my apartment there's no restrooms and there are no toilets. There are two {D: baths and} Interviewer: uh-huh yeah 847: and I don't have a lavatory because uh it's not built like where you got lavatories in uh uh studios might be one downstairs. Interviewer: Now how are they different from one another? 847: Well uh {NS} in a lavatory all you're gonna have is say a commode and a wash basin. Interviewer: uh-huh oh I see are the- any other names for that? 847: mm Interviewer: Okay. do you think it's different what women- like polite okay like you were talking about john, people ask for the john because you think toilet sounds nasty. Well do you think women have a different term instead of john? Would they ask for the john or would they ask for something else if they were {D: trying to do it politely} #1 or kinda cute? # 847: #2 {NW} # Women'll use lass for the john unless they're in that you know that real hip group. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 You know they'll # go through with it uh {NS} never really taken it much notice but I know that I will very rarely ever hear- do- do I hear that lady group of women Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 calling it # the john. it's either the {D: bog} or the restroom. Interviewer: uh-huh Okay uh what do you call the person who keeps the school clean and moves furniture and does minor repair work and stuff like that? 847: It used to be the janitor now it's custodian. Interviewer: Okay. mm-kay uh When a student deliberately cultivates the favor and attention of the teacher you might say that the student is what? 847: Teacher's- teacher's pet. Interviewer: mm-kay #1 anything else? # 847: #2 uh # I just- imagine there's some little shortish names depends on whether or not you like the person or not Interviewer: Okay. {C: laughing} 847: uh We uh oh yeah there's a good- suck ass. Interviewer: oh yeah 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah you didn't like that one. # 847: I didn't like that one though Interviewer: Yeah. 847: just kinda I don't use that too much. uh I have to really dislike an individual before I would say that about 'em. uh They have- their actions would have to be real repulsive to me. uh People like that uh who have no morals no scruple no self respect you know self esteem no nothing- they just don't have anything uh to me once they get to the suck ass stage uh they're the weakest smallest people I know. Interviewer: That's about as low as you can #1 go. # 847: #2 That's # about as low as you can get to me. Interviewer: Okay okay um what do you call that kind of fence that's made of uh interwoven steel or aluminum wire it has oh it has holes in it about this big? 847: That's a Cox fence and that to me uh Interviewer: What kind of fence? 847: Oh well well Cox is actually a brand name Interviewer: Oh okay. 847: but uh that's all I've ever called it was a Cox fence. Interviewer: {X} um 847: I just imagine the Cox people would like that too. Interviewer: Well I bet they #1 would. # 847: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: uh what do you call a very tall building in the city that's used for offices or apartments? 847: mm I guess I've always used skyscraper. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: Well now I don't know uh occasionally I might find myself describing the building as being a uh uh an excessive multistory building. uh Of course then that depends on what circle you're in again. uh uh We uh I used to work in uh in apartment maintenance and in apartment maintenance we started like uh you're talking about single story dwellings and so forth, you move to family dwellings and your single family dwellings and you started going into multistory buildings and multistory building is anything over two stories. Interviewer: hmm mm-kay uh What do you call a parking lot that has several levels built one above the other? 847: That's a parking garage. Interviewer: mm-kay anything else? 847: uh We used to have a thing that we used to call it pigeon hole parking. Interviewer: mm-hmm is that the same thing? 847: Same thing. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh 847: Pigeon hole parking uh- pigeon hole parking lot was a little bit different because it went up on a uh elevator you know like Interviewer: Oh. 847: you could move a single spot along uh uh say it was uh four levels. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Or three levels. And it just took cars up uh I think cars could be parked two into a bay like and this thing would go up like a giant forklift and like cars would go up from there. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 You know. # So uh that was pigeon hole parking. Interviewer: What do you call a building equipped with automatic clothes washers and dryers? 847: Well it started out to me being a washateria now it's the laundromat. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 847: That's it. Interviewer: Okay what other words do you use for money? 847: Bread. Interviewer: mm-kay anything else? 847: uh Green, cash. Lines. Interviewer: What? 847: Lines. Interviewer: That's a new one I haven't heard it. 847: uh Well how did that happen? You have to- to- {NS} well let's talk about fishing, you got a fishing line right? Interviewer: Okay. 847: uh people cast out their lines and they see that they have a long line and a short line like uh you got- if you have a short line you can do better fishing- I mean a long line you can do better fishing Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 farther out. # Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh And a short line you don't get very much. So uh you know we uh I guess I can't remember exactly when we started calling money lines but uh it's like uh you say you know hey do you have any money, no my lines are short. Interviewer: Oh okay. 847: I can't do- you know like uh that means uh that your purchasing power or whatever is going to be uh cut down. It's like uh I can't do very much fishing today #1 you know not # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: much I can fish for cuz my lines are short. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And uh usually with a dude got paid it's you know my lines are long today man Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I like that. 847: Yeah #1 so # Interviewer: #2 Well good. # um Okay what- what um what games did you play with your kids particularly hiding kind of games? 847: Hide and go seek. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: How-how do you play it, how did y'all play it cuz I know there are a bunch of different ways 847: Well we played like uh one person had to be the finder Interviewer: Yeah. 847: well or the seeker and uh he had to either count to a hundred up to a specified number he had to count to uh with- supposedly with his eyes closed and back turned from all the action. And {NS} then if uh I forgot how we played the game. I- you know like you had uh that individual had to within three and a count of three say who was behind a certain rock or or behind a building or up on the porch or you know wherever that persons had been hiding. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh And like if uh when this person the one who was the seeker if everybody got back to the base where he had been counting off before he had to go to seek that meant that he had lost the game. Interviewer: Oh. 847: Now the persons that he caught before he got back uh like he had to see that person and run back and touch that thing and say you know like you out. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 So uh # It- but if a person beat him back to it that meant that he he had won. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: So uh it was- it- it had to be the one that he caught. Interviewer: uh-huh yeah what other games did you have? 847: uh Marbles were always a big game. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: Did you play for keeps when you played marbles? 847: I didn't. Interviewer: I didn't either cuz I always lost. 847: Well it was- I didn't like- well one thing I didn't want to lose my own and I didn't want to take anybody else's. Interviewer: I always got attached to my marbles and I had two favorites and I would've never given them up. 847: Well you always had those kids who wanted like some people I didn't play with cuz they would try to break your marbles. Interviewer: aw #1 {X} # 847: #2 You know uh # I didn't like playing with those type of people. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh I was more or less a loner, I didn't uh I didn't get involved with other kids too much in their games. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh I guess the rea- kids usually were very cruel and inconsiderate and just harsh in nature to me and uh I grew up uh around older people all the time uh so kids games just didn't bo- you know I didn't- you know I just didn't relate to 'em the kids too much. Interviewer: Yeah. Was your closest brother or sister a great deal older than you were? 847: Well neither my- either by brothers nor my sister ever- uh any of us with me been real close. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh I was closer to my my grandmother, my aunt in this order my grandmother, my aunt and my mother. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 I was an # only child and I never even you know know what kids that much either I was so- 847: Well I grew up virtually like I had an aunt of mine who was first black teacher out in a little town called {B} Texas. #1 and # Interviewer: #2 What town was it? # 847: {B} Interviewer: Oh yeah I know where that is. 847: It's between Lamesa and Tahoka. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Yeah. And I guess from the you know like age two, three you know around in there like uh uh my mother- my grandmother kept me quite a bit Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 cuz my # mother was working. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And how long did you spend in {D: cotton}? 847: Oh I don't know, like uh maybe a whole summer might be for nine months just #1 intermittently. # Interviewer: #2 Now wait was- # she was- wait your grandmother was she here in Dallas or was she in 847: Well she'd come to Dallas sometimes and lots of times and spend a lot of time down {B} Texas with her. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh My aunt uh didn't have any children Interviewer: uh-huh 847: and uh she wanted my grandmother to come out there and spend a little while with her so it just so happened I was with my grandmother at that time and uh my aunt got attached to me and I spent a lot of time out in west Texas with her Interviewer: uh-huh #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 uh # Lots of times when I got to Dallas it was like people thought I was uh- kids in the neighborhood didn't know who I was. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh They always uh thought about me as being the boy that came to visit. Interviewer: Oh #1 yeah. # 847: #2 You know # #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh so I sp- # 847: I spent a lot of time uh like uh I started grade school out there. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh I started school when I was five. uh that was in one of those classrooms where all eight grades were taught. Interviewer: Oh mm-hmm is that right? 847: Yeah. There are very- there are very few people my age that probably could relate to the Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know #1 {D: back to back and uh} # Interviewer: #2 That's right, hard to. # 847: Yeah. Interviewer: You remember the sandstorms? 847: Oh do I remember the sandstorms. Interviewer: {NW} 847: uh Like now I can almost tell you if I walk outside when it's gonna rain if it's gonna rain and so forth uh just by looking at the cloud covering you know you get a it's a feel way the way the wind blows and the stillness and the wind all that sorta thing. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Early in the morning when the fu- when the sun first come up Interviewer: Yeah. 847: you can tell if there's gonna be a sandstorm at least I could Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 There # was a little haze just at just seems like below Interviewer: Oh I remember that. 847: uh Interviewer: I went to school in Lubbock. 847: You did? Interviewer: Yeah. 847: I used to go to Lubbock all the time. uh #1 huh # Interviewer: #2 I remember # that haze. #1 when you could # 847: #2 just that little # haze #1 and you could # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: eh b- between eleven and twelve o'clock and no later than twelve-thirty wherever you where the #1 sand was # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: up on you. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Oh I # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: remember that. 847: And Interviewer: Terrible. 847: there were a lotta tumbling weeds around uh uh {B} and you could be out there were no trees seemed like there were tr- no trees #1 for # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: #1 miles. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: And if you were out walking and a sandstorm come up you'd better take cover because if {B} like so just plain open and I can remember many times getting run over by huge tumbleweeds. I thought those tumbleweeds were at least five feet high I realize they weren't that big but they used to stack up in the corners you know. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 847: #1 And those # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: things were they were dangerous #1 too you know # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # 847: they'd hit you. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh and I can remember many times running from tumbleweeds. and the worst thing I could about the sandstorm was in the springtime when the sand would blow it would have the tendency to rain sometimes. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # uh-huh 847: That to me was horrible. #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 It was. # 847: The the first school that they had in {B} was in a church building that had that wasn't complete. On a dirt floor. So there wasn't any floor in there at all Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Then the school board bought some old army barracks. They put two barracks together and uh course I guess during World War Two they didn't make barracks uh they didn't think that they were gonna be permanent anyhow. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: and like the door sills and the window sills and so forth were this far apart {NS} and when it would would have a sandstorm all that dirt and sand would blow in the house. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # And the school would cuz mine had a living quarters built into the school. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And uh I can remember when we used to wake up in the morning and just take the sheets and shake the sand off the blankets. Interviewer: Oh. #1 Well I have no {D: way to talk about this}. # 847: #2 Just be gritty and nasty # all over #1 us. # Interviewer: #2 Terrible. # I've never seen it that bad but I've seen enough to know what you're talking about. 847: Oh it was terrible. Interviewer: When did you come back back to Dallas permanently? 847: #1 Oh it was # Interviewer: #2 Cuz you would come # back to Dallas all the time #1 is that right? # 847: #2 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: Yeah but it's been maybe half a year or something else or more? 847: Never more than half a year. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh There was a well I was in Dallas like every holiday. Thanksgiving Christmas Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Easter. Some Easters we didn't make it back. Every summer we made it back and we spent summers between Dallas Houston and Calvert. and uh occasionally traveling to Oklahoma and places like that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh I got a lotta travel time when I was growing up. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh Interviewer: #1 When did- # 847: #2 New Mexico. # Interviewer: When did you settle down {X} 847: #1 mm I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: guess that uh Ten. Ten, eleven, ten because uh Was in the seventh grade. I was ten then. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: Well I was eleven yeah when I was eleven I was in the eighth grade that's right so I went to high school when I was twelve. Shoulda Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Course then that woulda been junior high then cuz I was in ninth grade. Interviewer: Yeah. You started out ahead of me. Talking about how you were ten in eighth grade? 847: Yeah well I finished when I was sixteen. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Yeah. So uh Interviewer: Okay um do you remember any ring games like ring toss games? Things you used to play. 847: mm Yeah. We used to play uh You know a horseshoe game. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: How do you, how do you, how did you uh play that? 847: There was no specified distan- just as far as it was a distance that- that was- that was- that was uh comfortable for the best horseshoe pitcher. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: {NW} There's always somebody that that was better than the others and he'd always the you know like uh I could always hit the ring uh nothing but the stake in the ground and come pretty close at shorter distance than I was a longer distance. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: Seemed like always cats that I would play with would place it farther away you know like because then they could their- their range was better than mine at long distance #1 so uh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 847: uh if- if you didn't play to well you had to kind of accept what the others did who played the game well. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Of course the farther away you put it then meant the better you were and so uh you would always be striving to catch up to people {X} with accuracy. Interviewer: Tell me about hide and go seek. 847: mm-hmm Interviewer: What else did you play when you were a kid, we also talked about marbles. 847: Marbles. There was a game uh called ring around the roses. Interviewer: How do you play that? 847: uh This is where I forgot exactly how the game goes. uh and ring around the roses is where a group of kids would get together and form a circle uh then that one would be designated a chosen by means that I have forgotten to be in the middle of the ring. uh And then the uh circle would start in a motion say clockwise or counterclockwise uh and start singing this a uh rhyme something like uh little Sally Walker sitting in a saucer. uh then that person would uh Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah it would be uh little Sally Walker sat in a saucer so et cetera et cetera then rise Sally rise Sally rise I have forgotten uh uh I think uh I believe Sally was supposed to choose uh uh a lover or someone who she cared about or something like that a course I I don't remember whether or not when the boys went in the middle that uh if he was still Sally or if they #1 changed his name. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: uh but that's about all I remember about that particular game uh. Those were basic games that uh we played then uh. Interviewer: What other kind of games did you play in a circle like that? 847: Course then there was always the party game that wasn't a circle game it uh was pin the tail on the donkey Interviewer: Oh yeah. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: That one uh there was another game blind blind man's buff I don't know uh Interviewer: What what's the name of that? 847: uh it was it was either blind man's bluff or buff I never even uh thought about what was that last word I know we ended up saying it was buff but I believe it was blind man's bluff instead of buff B-U-F-F instead of B-L-U-F F. Interviewer: Do you remember how it went? 847: Oh I don't remember. I I would recognize the game immediately if I saw #1 someone # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: playing it #1 though. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. What kind of um did you have line games like anything like Red Rover or anything like that? 847: No. Interviewer: Okay um What about ball or tin can games where you where you kick it or have a ball or something like that? 847: Well playing ball I can remember playing ball what we called baseball Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh wasn't really baseball usually used a tennis ball. Uh the bat uh the object in which you were gonna hit the ball with either ended up being a piece of a two by four or one by four or #1 a broomstick or something. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Hard to hit # it with a broomstick. 847: Yeah but uh kids back in I can remember we used to hit a ball as straight as you could about imagine because then the the outbound lines were the curb markers on either side of the street and usually the street was just a two lane street now so you can about imagine Interviewer: Yeah. 847: how straight you had to hit a ball then. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh And we ended up hitting the ball pretty straight. uh the tin can it wasn't a game that we played we used to make things called uh tom walkers. The tom walkers were made out of say a number two tin can with wires uh strung through it whereas that you could hold the uh can on your feet uh by pulling up on the wire to hold cans on your feet. uh Interviewer: Oh and you walked on 'em? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Like stilts kinda? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh I get it. 847: And after you after you graduated from the tom walkers you went to stilts Interviewer: uh-huh #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 So {C: laughing} # Interviewer: Did you ever make it to stilts? 847: Never made it to #1 stilts I wasn't that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: coordinated. Interviewer: {NW} 847: uh Then we played golf so on the golf course I think uh in the ghetto the introduction to the golf course or the poor neighborhood so we'd you know like golf courses were off limits except to the fact where if a kid be a caddy uh he could go to the golf course uh but so far as anything municipal uh courses or the private courses they were always off limits so we ended up uh uh making a uh say three hole uh three putting hole uh uh diamond like a baseball diamond or either you could set it up with four and you would just uh putt the ball toward the holes there was no specified distance or anything like that. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 847: Usually it was through rocks and bricks and everything else uh lotta fun I just imagine some of those kids coulda been the greatest putters in the world if they had been able to putt on a real green. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know like if you can I I've seen the golfers going through this bit of uh removing a piece of pollen off the green course you know but sweeping it clean Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 uh # if only we coulda gotten our green clean as as many it it woulda had to have been the fact that somebody had to come in with a grater and and mash the place down but uh Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 uh # I used to bank balls off a fence I can remember uh I just the one putting hole we had was right at the it was at the base of a fence that was uh uh made out of two by fours and uh you got real good if you could bank the ball just like shooting pool but the only thing you had a greater distance and a slower ball. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh Got pretty good at that too. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: That was always was called a trick shot. uh That was always a winning shot if you could make one by banking it and another fella made it by shooting it straight in. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh Was a lotta fun. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh I didn't ever play very much say cards and card type games uh. Card games were taboo in uh my house because my mother was such uh uh big Christian and she didn't believe in playing cards. Interviewer: mm 847: uh Most anything gambling type games she associated dominoes with gambling. uh uh I think it uh mighta been because usually the people that you saw sitting out even now pass by certain areas and you see people uh uh sitting out front playing uh dominoes which is uh obviously a good pastime uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: but uh it just wasn't the type of game that you associated uh nicer people with playing uh you know. Interviewer: I get it. 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: That was sorta like the game that you uh always it was synonymous with going to a pool hall. Uh that was a pool hall game #1 then so # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: we didn't play dominoes or very many card games uh at all I think the only card game that I learned how to play uh as a kid was uh was it old maid I believe Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 847: #2 kind of game. # Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: We played that. 847: but uh I know when I went into the service people were playing pinochle poker and other various card games and I was sitting there ignorant not even know how to play a course I learned how to play a few card games uh after watching for a while if you apt enough you pick them up but uh that might account for the reason why now I don't play card games uh unless uh that's my last resort I don't care who it's with. uh Chess was something that I learned uh to appreciate after getting grown uh I didn't ever know what one chess man was to another one. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh that was sorta like uh more of an aristocrat game you just didn't find uh and even right now uh people in certain classes they play poke- I mean uh chess uh. You don't find everybody playing chess. Interviewer: {X} 847: Chess is more of an intellectual game anyhow. Interviewer: Yeah. That's true. What about checkers 847: Yeah we did play checkers. But not we didn't play checkers on Sunday either. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: No. Interviewer: No okay. 847: No games not no baseball no golf none of that business on Sundays. Interviewer: What did you do on Sundays? 847: Oh Sunday was usually uh went to Sunday school went to church service uh after church dinner. It was very quiet Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 uh # not very many things to do. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh Sunday we'd usually spend in preparation for going back to school course there was a lotta school around vacation season or holiday uh that was another thing we just ended up uh either make having some makeshift games that uh would be accepted. Interviewer: uh-huh quiet #1 probably. # 847: #2 Quiet # games. Interviewer: Yeah. uh Did you ever play anything like knife tossing games? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: What do you call those? 847: uh I believe we used a knife and a uh a knife an icepick and that was called mumble peg. Interviewer: What? 847: Mumble peg. uh I think uh something I believe as a matter of fact I know that {D: some people it was either mumbo peg or} {D: mumma} peg I don't know which one it #1 was. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 847: uh Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You you kind of uh uh go through the motions of saying something that you think that you heard sorta like this thing up here the communication problem and I know you believe you understand what you think I said but I'm not sure you realize uh what you heard is not #1 what I meant. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: uh Interviewer: {NW} I love it. 847: #1 Yeah well you know like uh uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: like now I I believe that uh people are in the habit of repeating what they think they heard and if you ask them well what did that really mean all #1 they # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: know that they can associate is with what they have done but not really what it really meant. Interviewer: Yeah. I always used to sing a Christmas carol hark the herald period. Angels sing and I never could figure out what hark the herald meant. It wasn't until later that I realized that it's herald angels you know I was like in college when I realized. 847: Yeah I think you st- I I I think you start to uh researching some of the things that you've said because it uh well to make sense to you you have an analytical mind it doesn't make sense so that means that you didn't really understand what you were doing as a child. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. um Listen here there's another joke about that there's a hymn gladly the cross I bear and anyway the kid who came home said they called it gladly comma the cross I bear. 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 847: #1 Well well did you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: did you ever hear the joke of the uh the minister who uh addressed his congregation and said well I'd like for someone to uh uh select a hymn for us to sing this morning. And uh there was this homosexual who was in the back of the church he stood up and said I'll take him and him and him. {C: voice} Interviewer: #1 I don't believe it. I don't believe it. # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Gosh. #1 Who knew. # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: oh {X} Did boys jump rope? 847: Not frequently. Uh most of the boys jump roped if uh there were some girls around that they wanted to impress or either be close to. Uh just as boys started up a rope jumping game no uh most boys uh might've become interested in rope jumping if they were engaged in uh say uh athletic uh competitions such as boxing uh something that uh rope would be a more applicable to so far as it being a training apparatus. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh but we just didn't uh rope jumping was either for girls or sissies Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. My husband can't jump rope because he didn't play football or anything you know he didn't box. 847: Rope jumping was either for girls or sissies. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. My husband can't jump rope because he he didn't play football or anything you know he didn't box or anything like that and consequently he can't jump rope. 847: Yeah I I I knew some cats who could jump rope like they were made with rope under their feet but uh I just wasn't that coordinated. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: um What do you call different kinds of fast moving amusement rides that are on tracks like at the park? 847: Well A roller coaster. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: But there was another name we used to call it I've forgotten what it was. Interviewer: huh 847: uh I don't remember what it was. uh Interviewer: There any other kinds of games I mean kinds of rides like that? 847: uh not so far as the roller coaster you know that's the biggest thrill at the fair. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 I could you could never get on # 847: #2 uh or at the amusement park. # uh And I understand that the roller coaster we had here in Dallas was was like a uh a motorcycle to a Cadillac to a thing that they had built out in California Interviewer: #1 Oh that's right. # 847: #2 that # uh goes over the ocean. uh Interviewer: hmm There would be no way you could get me on that no way. 847: Uh now that was always uh there was a ferris wheel. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: But there was another name we used to have for ferris wheel. uh I don't remember exactly when I started calling it a ferris wheel Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: or why it's even called a ferris wheel. Interviewer: That's what I always called it too. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: um let's see oh What did you call some sort of initiation ceremony where older boys would beat up the younger kid or haze him or do stuff to him did y'all do stuff like that? 847: No we didn't play that. Interviewer: Did you have a name for it? 847: No I I think I became uh acquainted with hazing in the late fifties whereas it I was a relatively mature teenager Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: and reading about that was during the craze at the colleges whereas at uh colleges and the fraternal organizations that come under scrutiny of many people in the country because in that time there were a lotta deaths as a result of hazing. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 {X} # 847: #2 So uh # uh That's just why I really started uh any paying any close attention to uh fraternal initiations and so forth. Uh we didn't engage in beating people uh I think the only beating you mighta received was on a birthday whereas that you got uh the amount of licks to the in in the in accordance with what your age might've been. Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever get one more and call it something else? 847: uh yeah it was called something else I've forgotten it. That was uh that last lick no it wasn't what it was like uh something related to one for next year something uh I've forgotten what it was Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah we hadn't named it but um okay say you're gonna get together with some friends and have a good time you say you're gonna get together and have a what? 847: With friends? Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Depends on what we're gonna do now there oftentimes my friends and I might get together with us and we're gonna have a set. Interviewer: A what? 847: A set. Interviewer: What is it? 847: Set. What is a set? Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Well I would engage in a set usually with individuals who are close my closest acquaintances and friends. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh I go to a party If I go to uh what I consider as being a party would be uh whereas there's gonna be people there that I'm not acquainted with maybe just a few friends of mine. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Uh but with my friends we don't get parties we get sets and sets are usually more closed it's like a fraternal organization. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh Interviewer: Is it men and women? 847: Men and women. uh At a set you usually people do whatever they wanna do. uh Whatever is their choosing. And course and uh this is the advantage of that being amongst friends and close associates is that uh no one feels inhibited about whatever their actions are. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm What what like for instance like we drink and do y'all sing? I know we have parties where we sing everybody sings. It's crazy we can't sing you know we're no good but everybody loves to sing. 847: Well I never engage in those groups where the people got together and sing. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Yeah one reason's that uh I don't sing that well. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: and you tend to appreciate those things that you #1 can be a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: standout in so I didn't engage in the singing #1 parties # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: too much uh. uh I can uh recall fellas who were very good vocalists and they they usually would be say in a singing group or either thought that they could sing Interviewer: uh-huh 847: and that was a time for them to get together and show off. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh 847: #1 So. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. {C: laughing} # Which didn't make you feel too good it #1 didn't. # 847: #2 No. # Interviewer: {NW} 847: They would be the center of attraction not that I wanted to be the center of attraction but I wanted to be noticed anyhow. Interviewer: Yeah at least. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: At least. um well okay say you didn't have a set this weekend um What would y'all do sit around and talk and laugh and or what I guess? 847: Well Interviewer: But does it usually include drinking? 847: For the alkies they drink. For the {D: weed as} they smoke weed if you got some that uh weren't involved in snuffs what we call snorting instead of sniffing coke that's their business you know. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 847: Uh there are people who just come to the set just to eat. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # Usually uh most of the sets that I go on start after twelve. Between twelve and two and people will end up leaving five six and uh the stragglers who can't make it might leave at eleven oh clock the next day. uh And it's sort of a friendly type thing whereas it people uh whatever say for instance if it's at my house which rarely ever there is anything given at my house. uh Uh one reason is that I don't uh think that uh too much social entertainment should be done in the uh in the arena where your children are. Interviewer: hmm 847: Uh one thing is that uh you cannot uh depend on uh uh individuals to be uh to inhibit their action just because your family's there and you might get insulted about it and you lose a friend. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: So uh keep that sort of a situation down I just don't engage in too much entertainment at home. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 uh # Most persons that do are usually single uh either they are might be a married couple with no children. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: So uh then you can uh gauge the activities that uh uh uh I just don't think that you mix family and your social thing together that much. Interviewer: mm-hmm What else would you call it besides a set? {X} 847: Well it's a party. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 A party # is just not as close it's not as close friends is that it? 847: No parties are usually uh more formal uh. You you might go and meet people and you uh like I said you're just restricted at a party. uh I I would think of an individual to be restricted some way or another at most parties because uh there's a front you have to keep up uh and then you're dealing with the unfamiliar and people are just are less prone to be themselves when they're around a group of people they don't know. And most parties do bring strangers together. Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay okay um okay what various names do you have for music records? 847: Music records. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Platters. Sides. uh Tunes. uh I mean I guess uh most colloquial terms that we might use would be platter sides and tunes. Interviewer: Yeah. Does does that refer specifically to a kind of music like jazz or rock or whatever or can it be any type of music? 847: It can be any kind of music. uh uh I think a good usage is side would be hey man did you hear that side by the O-J-s. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 uh # The response might be that was a cold tune uh uh either uh you another usage of tune would be have you heard the new tune that uh the O-J-s have? uh They put out some hip platters. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 You know # so uh Interviewer: What kind of music do you like? 847: My music appreciation is varied it goes uh anywhere from chamber music to uh hard rock and blues. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh I have a deep appreciation for the music art and I think it's something that's uh beautiful it's a matter of expression. uh I often wondered how did some people only listen to one type music. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Always felt like an individual who could only appreciate one music his life was a little bit imbalanced. uh And it really is uh I particularly the moods of music uh you have some music that's happy some music that's sad and some music that uh is tranquil. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh there's very little rock music that has any tranquility about it Interviewer: This is true. 847: uh I think well I let's take uh there are very few minorities I know beside perhaps Charlie Pride who likes western and hillbilly music but I like it. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Which uh western and hillbilly music however you wanna call it has been a part of my culture due to the fact that I grew up uh I spent a lot of my growing up days in west Texas. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: There was a time in west Texas on the only opportunity that you got to hear anything other than western music was late at night or else you had a pretty good radio that could pick up bands outside of your area. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh I don't know where my first association with classical music came from. uh It might have been with the first time that I heard Swan Lake. uh And it had to have been somewhere along that time because I I can remember the uh uh Swan Lake and some of the uh uh like uh Tchaikovsky's uh Nutcracker Suite and things of that nature that uh {NS} Interviewer: mm Too bad you know. Okay uh you see did you have any other um terms for like jazz would you call it jazz anything else? 847: Jazz has been basically jazz. Jazz is a uh music a music that uh basically hasn't changed that much uh. The people that appreciate jazz are usually the same type people. uh As a matter of fact there's been a decline in jazz jazz is uh has been declining over the last five six years #1 who knows. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Wonder why. 847: Well I I I would believe that uh number one is that uh uh jazz is usually a deeper and more sensitive type music. Uh the era of jazz uh music does uh tell a story about the era in which it has been written in which the era in which it has been played. For instance the happy tunes of the twenties or the tunes of the late sixties and early seventies will uh will depict if you listen to 'em twenty years from now what the mood of the country was at that particular time. Uh there has been a change in mood and attitudes and this is the reason why jazz is not as uh prevalent in music as it was a few years ago. Uh there were no real attempts to uh to uh salvage uh save jazz uh the image of jazz uh becau- one thing the image of jazz had been bad for a long time. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 How's that? # 847: Well most people associated jazz musicians with narcotics um dope as people called it uh uh particularly marijuana. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 Uh at the # time that they were calling the weed the evil the evil killer the weed Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh so uh and there were a lotta jazz musicians who had gotten busted because then they were the targets of uh law enforcement officials I uh uh people just did not believe that an individual could uh psyche himself out to play like that and uh uh go for the {D: trancing} mood it seems as if that some fine jazz musicians might've gone through. So consequently it uh taking on that light I believe that a lotta people tended to move away from jazz. uh Uh one thing that was a music that usually wasn't played uh in your better music theaters uh it wasn't played in your uh better homes uh they just associated it the same as they would associate honky tonk music. uh There seems to be a uh some concern in some areas about uh reviving the uh jazz. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh I think doing- uh I believe it as a matter of fact I I see some clear indications uh here recently that uh Dallas is producing fine jazz musicians also uh and you know just to add to that statement uh and I've noticed in the last uh six months or to the last year uh they have started backups and jazz sessions on Sundays. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 uh # There is a place in Dallas now that uh the recovery room where you can always hear some of the better jazz musicians uh from uh from the fifties and sixties. Interviewer: At the recovery room. 847: At the recovery #1 room. # Interviewer: #2 Funny # name. 847: Yeah. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's good that's good. Gotta recover from your work week. 847: But uh I think what it is is that the times are changing now people are becoming more supple in their roles in society. uh There will always be a social role the so called activists but then not on the same level we have to start looking for some new issues pick up the new issues from the things that Congress is finding itself doing now. Uh we were too busy with other things prior to having kinda you know so this is oughta keep 'em busy. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: So the it's change uh people uh I've noticed that uh doing the bicentennial of course bicentennial year coming up that uh people have a more somber mood about uh their past and the things that have happened to 'em. uh Just this year the nineteenth of June was revived uh back on a big scale Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh It it's sorta like the issues are dead but people still feel like there's something that uh needs to be done. Interviewer: Yeah uh would you describe for me all the stuff that that uh the blacks did for Juneteenth? 847: Well you know like Juneteenth is a big day #1 it was just # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: like Christmas. Interviewer: #1 Yeah what all happened # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: this year? 847: Well for one Dallas had its first and once it was built it was the largest black rodeo west of the Mississippi. uh Sure had hell been west of the Mississippi anyhow it coulda been east west north or south #1 of the Mississippi # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: but not in Mississippi three years ago. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # I don't have I I think it's sort of a standing joke to talk about Mississippi people really don't even have the vaguest idea of what goes on in #1 Mississippi. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: uh There was a parade here. uh There were sessions uh in like in parks where people made dialogs and uh uh social events the past and the future and things of that nature particularly what we're dealing with presently. It was a matter of getting people's mind uh more unified uh by bringing back some of those things that uh created the situation of freedom in this area. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: And Juneteenth was the day that? 847: Juneteenth was actually six months after the day day that the slaves found out about the Emancipation Proclamation had been signed that uh they had their freedom uh and it took that long for that to come down to Texas. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh Then as the word had gotten to Texas it was on the nineteenth of June that uh slaves in the South uh uh well you would call it South Central Texas uh down or either North Texas Mexia Texas uh which is uh synonymous to Negro history as the Chisholm Trail is to the West. uh this is where many slaves uh crossed the uh river. uh Down in that area which was a Comanche crossing they called it and I just imagine the Comanche crossing had something to do with the Indians that were uh in that area Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay let's see. um #1 Did # 847: #2 Now # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 at # Comanche crossing there are people that come from all over the states who migrated away from Texas come back home for that particular day I was #1 amazed # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # 847: to find that out myself and I just found that out in the last couple years. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Neat. # 847: I have uh several friends of mine who have relatives who specifically won't take their vacation any other time and time come down for the week long celebration of the nineteenth in Mexia Texas at the Comanche crossing. Interviewer: That is neat I didn't know that. I knew about I knew about the nineteenth but I didn't know that Mexia had you know. 847: Oh you know like then then like uh if you go back to the forties and the uh fifties uh late forties and fifties and I can remember then the nineteenth was the the nineteenth and the uh negro achievement day was the only day that blacks could use the facilities at the state fair. So uh Interviewer: You're kidding. 847: Oh no this was back you know. Interviewer: Oh I can't believe it. 847: Two days outta the whole year. #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Depressing. # 847: uh So that was like a real big day people dressed up on the nineteenth like it was like going to church on Easter. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 Go to fair park. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: uh Interviewer: Great a great {X}. 847: It was a great day you #1 know uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah not too # great that it was the only one or one of two. um What are the names of some neighborhoods in Dallas that are either black or brown some minority uh that are main mainly low in economic and social status? 847: Oh there is let's take west Dallas. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh Which we back in the fifties started calling the coast. Interviewer: The coast? 847: Yeah #1 well you associate # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know that. # 847: west Dallas by you know like West Coast. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 847: #2 And we # {D: here} Interviewer: #1 Oh okay. # 847: #2 {NW} # so Interviewer: I like #1 that. # 847: #2 That's an # elaborate name to give west Dallas and the projects and then festered in the disease infested rats and roaches and all you know so uh. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Say uh this is how people psych themselves out. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 And who # all lives in west Dallas? 847: West Dallas is a is an area that uh predominantly I guess it's might at one time it was almost fifty fifty black and brown not fifty fifty because then you had a population of whites that went in there and you don't have that. This is very population of whites is very low in west Dallas right now. uh You mostly get uh citizens that live out there now are either black or brown. Interviewer: uh-huh are there more browns? I have I haven't #1 even asked you the # 847: #2 Well # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 well what has happened # uh No I doubt if there are more browns in west Dallas than there are in uh say blacks in west Dallas what we you have a situation now say in just west of downtown which you could almost call uh north Dallas so far as we uh minorities talk about east west north and south in a more limited term than uh uh say do whites. uh Interviewer: {X} 847: Alright let let's take for instance uh east Dallas. Interviewer: okay 847: I grew up in east Dallas east Dallas to me was a uh pocket area contained uh perhaps by uh encompassed by maybe uh ten square blocks of the area of east Dallas that I lived in which was called the string. Interviewer: The what? 847: The string. Well and it was a string because and it it only represented a minute portion of that so called black east Dallas population. Where it was the most populous part of the black community in east Dallas was uh uh divided by a railroad track and a bridge that you had to get over to the other side that we called the sands. We called it the sands because at that time there were very few paved streets down there they had red sand in the streets. Interviewer: Oh. 847: And uh it got called uh {X} sands and uh it was most populous area uh in east Dallas because then the government projects was built down in that area so then that had a high concentration of people in a small area. Well the limited area that uh uh why minorities associate the limited area is that they uh seldom ever think beyond those boundaries which have encompassed that ghettos they live in. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh For instance uh uh when you talk to whites in Dallas they usually consider all of the southern part of the counties being south Dallas. Well then blacks uh before that you started moving into uh the south and southwest part of Oak Cliff uh Oak Cliff was Oak Cliff and it was a very distinctive thing you didn't think about south Dallas because then you only consider south Dallas as being that part where the blacks live in south Dallas. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh West Dallas uh is has been uh perhaps uh the greater territorial area than any other part of town. North Dallas was generally thought about uh within this area that we're talking about now that perhaps is a six to eight block uh radius that uh would cover all of north Dallas and in uh in blacks' minds of course uh. Interviewer: What do you think is about the northern bound northern boundary of north Dallas? 847: Well now we have more been been more prone to call that north Dallas. but usually when we moved part past uh Swiss Avenue I don't even think Swiss out Lemmon uh cross Oak Lawn course then the- you have the Oak Lawn area which is a part of north Dallas Oak Lawn is a very distinctive {C: noise} uh part from the rest of Dallas of course then Oak Lawn sort of divided what we call north Dallas and Highland Park. Uh either from uh Oak Lawn to uh University Park but it just wasn't related to as being north Dallas. Interviewer: mm-kay would you explain to me what Highland Park and University Park are? 847: okay Highland Park and University Park is everybody's mind is that everybody lives in uh I won't I won't say everybody I'd say that uh ninety nine and forty four one hundred percent of the minorities who think about Highland Park and University Park will soon tell you rich white folks live out there. Uh cuz the only way that you can really say that uh Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh there's only that is the best candid way to describe that and it's the truth. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 847: So. {C: laughing} Interviewer: It's true. 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # {NW} 847: I I can remember that uh when in uh Highland Park if a black male was caught in Highland Park after the sun went down he was usually stopped and queried and then most likely arrested by Highland Park police because then well what are you doing out here. Interviewer: uh something not really great. 847: I drive out that way occasionally now and people still give you that old stare. oh what are you doing out here #1 you can read that look # Interviewer: #2 uh uh-huh # #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 all the time # Interviewer: You'd just be coming to pick up your wife who's cleaning somebody's house or something huh? 847: I'll tell you damnedest thing that happened to me uh few nights ago I was out far north Dallas L-B-J. uh uh I was out at uh car dealership out there looking at cars. And my car was parked on the {C: thump} street and I was {C: noise} walking around to get in the car and there was this old rich white man he had to be rich he had a real big Fleetwood Brougham. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Brougham we call it Brougham. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: #1 mm-kay I # 847: #2 Get that one down. # Interviewer: got that one down. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # uh This cad was a half a block away from me going down the street and he locked his doors. Interviewer: {NW} I don't believe it. 847: It hit him you know like when he passed by me he gave me the old eagle eye you know what are you doing out here #1 and it hit him # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 847: maybe I'd better lock the door. Interviewer: Yeah he was that looks like a dangerous one. 847: And I said Damn how I you know how I could just catch figure that I'm gonna you know {NS} super black I had to be. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 {NW} # With my cape on Interviewer: {NW} #1 Yeah, yeah. # 847: #2 That's how I would catch him. # Then I was at a service station out there. This dude got out to put some gas in his car. A self service. He looked over at me and I'll be damned if he didn't lock his car doors and he's outside putting gas in the damn thing. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} That's funny. 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That is really funny. # Oh that's good that you gotten where you can laugh about that kind of thing the kinda thing that happens to me it of course it's different but as a woman I yeah I haven't been able to laugh at some of the stuff that happens to me like I went to the grocery store the other day okay manager never seen him before I think he's new didn't know him or anything anyway he came up and um I was at the express checkout you know the one where you're supposed to go fast. I stand there and I was getting annoyed anyway because they're supposed to be just right there and I had to wait like five minutes or more and I had two things. And um this guy came up and said um he took my money and he rang it up you know and he said will that be all little lady? And if I had been real fast on the draw I would have said that'll be all little man. But course I didn't think to do that until I got back out to my car but I mean smoke just coming out of my ears and I just #1 go ugh. # 847: #2 {NW} # Well #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 but it was # not funny. {NW} 847: That was either a chauvinistic approach to speaking to a lady either he was flirting how old was he? Interviewer: He wasn't flirting. 847: He wasn't #1 flirting. # Interviewer: #2 I could tell # that. He wasn't he was in a hurry he wanted to get rid of me #1 and move on to the next person. # 847: #2 He wanted to get rid of you. # Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Yeah and he was # 847: #2 You can read # that one. Always. Interviewer: Yeah. ugh 847: As if to say I hope you don't have anything else. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. {NW} Okay let's see did we take care of the low social and economic neighborhoods? Did we get through to them all? 847: Oh I I believe we might have because we we talked about uh course no we didn't mention there's a section in Oak Cliff that was called the bottom. uh Now the bottom was loc- situated just below the basin of the uh levee system that had been put up uh to like a damming system for the Trinity River. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh These houses were situated like up in a hole. uh I mean that whole area is sorta flat after going down. Interviewer: Yeah I bet it flooded too. {C: background noise} 847: It flooded over there all the time. Just flooded all the time. Interviewer: ugh 847: uh There were a lotta houses like built up on uh what I call stilts. Interviewer: {X} 847: uh so like {X} in Japan. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 847: #2 But # uh really not that bad though it just used to during raining season it would flood out there course one thing the sewage systems weren't that good. uh And it was just the cheapest land that people could probably buy over there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: And that was the in that in that area uh was perhaps uh in Oak Cliff the area blacks uh the area that blacks lived in in Oak Cliff uh probably encompassed no more than a uh five six blocks radius and that was all of Oak Cliff. Interviewer: Goodness. 847: So far as the blacks were concerned. Interviewer: I see that was Oak Cliff. 847: Yeah that was Oak Cliff that's Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh I live out in Kessler Park now. And uh I was telling an old teacher of mine uh so he's saw him last week and he said where do you live and I said in Kessler Park and he said you and how many others? Uh what he meant was that uh he related to Kessler Park as being like uh synonymous to Oak Cliff with Highland Park and University Park is to uh north Dallas. Interviewer: ah 847: #1 uh that # Interviewer: #2 I get it. # Interviewer: Because you meant a real small area you meant 847: Well he he thought well he what he was alluding to was that uh you just didn't hear blacks ever saying that they live in Kessler Park. They used to work in Kessler Park cuz because Kessler Park is a very exclusive area where you have mansions uh just imagine I I see homes out there now that are maybe forty years old that had to cost two hundred thousand dollars #1 to build # Interviewer: #2 mm # 847: back then so uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: no we didn't say we lived in Kessler Park. Best people'd say is I work in Kessler Park. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh-huh okay uh okay are your what names are there for various white neighborhoods that are low in social and economic status? 847: Well ironically let me tell you what about that. uh There were very few neighborhoods when I was growing up that we ever thought that poor white people lived in. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: Yeah. Except for in west Dallas. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh I kind of associated west Dallas with stories that my daddy used to tell me because then uh Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker used to live in west Dallas. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Uh and during his early gambling days they used to hang out at his place. Interviewer: Is that #1 right? # 847: #2 yeah # uh Interviewer: Ha ha that's neat. 847: Yeah that's the good thing about having a dad as old as my dad is #1 you you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: like I can related to a lotta history that uh other people just can't relate to uh and then by him being an outgoing uninhibited individual Interviewer: Yeah. 847: sporting gentleman Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 gambler or # hustler you know Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} You know you {X} 847: where they have it all. uh You know so consequently I have a lotta people that uh I have a great deal of knowledge about uh years ago in Dallas. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh 847: It's sorta like firsthand information and I my daddy has never been one to tell a lie that put directly so I kinda believe most of the thing #1 that uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. That's neat. Um where are some um areas where poor white people live now? 847: Oh Interviewer: Yeah? 847: uh Interviewer: Presently. 847: Well what we consider as being where poor whites live in Dallas even though they there are a great number of poor whites in the inner city most of 'em out in the county area in these small little communities like uh uh Garland. uh Mesquite. uh that {C: noises} DeSoto is growing to be a middle class town now. uh Balch Springs. uh Grand Prairie. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh Irving. Irving is becoming a more of a uh middle class city now. uh Course you know what's creating that though. What's creating that is the white flight from the inner city. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: Yeah so uh but you still have uh your greatest concentration of poor whites in east Dallas. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 In east # Dallas County at least. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm Okay what are some neighborhoods that um blacks who are higher in socioeconomic status live in? 847: Where do they live? Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Now there there is a very exclusive what I would call an exclusive neighborhood there are some blacks who are segregated out in that neighborhood on that old street called McShann Road who was named after the McShann family. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Where's that? # 847: South off of Preston Road. Uh it's near uh L-B-J Freeway off of Preston. uh Most of the blacks that live in that area are {NS} all the professionals are high professionals like doctors dentists and so forth. um You have several persons that won't say several I say several two or three that are that are out there that uh have made their business uh have made their fortune in the retail business one in particular like in the liquor business. uh One fellow who owned a restaurant became a millionaire he lives out in that area. Uh now Oak Cliff is an area where you have a a mixture of the economic levels of blacks that live out there who do live uh in the same neighborhood in comparable uh uh levels of home so far as cost is concerned. Uh and they could range anywhere from a maid porter doctor lawyer what have you. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 uh # It depends on the sacrifices that individuals have been able to make. uh At one time there was no real distinction between where anybody really lived. Uh at one time what we call over here north Dallas is where most of your aristocratic blacks lived uh like along Thomas Avenue uh and Washington uh {X} avenue over in those areas Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 which is # right around built around in this area. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh uh Interviewer: What about Hamilton Park? What's that? #1 {X} # 847: #2 Well # Hamilton Park uh is an area that was started back in the early fifties uh uh what had happened was that uh in the inner city there were was not enough houses uh uh there was not enough uh uh dwelling facilities for blacks in town so then they started a uh community out in how- in Hamilton Park whereas it uh it was in the fifties where particularly affluent blacks uh economics uh conditions started to uh on an upswing and they started building houses and homes out in that area. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Uh so Hamilton Park would be to me the first area that was exclusively built for those minorities that had enough money to uh uh say buy homes uh only only in a large scale. Uh the rest of the houses and homes that I can uh think about that uh uh blacks moved into in Dallas uh were always that they took over where the whites left off. uh I just was over in south Dallas uh which is right in the heart of south Dallas right in the middle of the ghetto now. I can remember when blacks' homes were bombed in that area because they started buying into what was called a white area. Interviewer: hmm 847: #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 847: So uh and that was in the fifties. {NS} Interviewer: Not that long ago. 847: Yeah that wasn't that long ago I would imagine it was around between fifty two and fifty five that these #1 things # Interviewer: #2 mm # 847: happened. Interviewer: mm-hmm Besides highland park and university park where would you say uh most whites live who are you know of upper social and economic brackets? 847: Well Kessler Park. uh west Oak Cliff which is fastly becoming a black area it's just what part of uh what people down here don't particularly understand. De facto segregation is going on they don't uh really know it yet but it's been happening for years. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh So now the uh {NS} Preston Hollow. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh Which is just beyond University Park, Highland Park going north. Richardson. uh Which uh which you mentioned Hamilton Park Hamilton Park is in the Richardson Independent school district. Interviewer: School district. 847: uh There are in the areas that border L-B-J Freeway moving into Richardson, Carrollton, Farmer's Branch {NS} uh {NS} all the way around to Irving it's sorta like a circle they're going into now. uh {NS} White Rock area. White Rock is that section of east Dallas that we didn't generally think {C: buzz} about uh any {C: thumps} farther than uh say uh uh Grand Avenue {C: buzz} or Samuels Avenue where the apartment area started out back before there. {C: buzz, thumps} uh {C: thumps} As an indication of what the uh White Rock area might be uh I talked about uh {C: noises} Interviewer: White rock #1 area. # 847: #2 Well # as a matter of reason why we {D: talk about a} White Rock area you know I mentioned earlier that we uh got Lawther Lane which is right around White Rock Lake. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh It's so uh if the world's richest man lived out there certainly I know some rich people in White Rock so. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Yeah that's true. 847: uh That just about hit most of the uh uh areas now of course we're going back uh in north Dallas uh {C: noise} just beyond Love Field area across Northwest Highway. {C: background speech} Now there are {C: background speech} homes and uh individuals that are living out in that area. {C: background speech} uh I would say that's bordered between uh Inwood Road back to uh Central Expressway. uh {C: background speech} Uh that is an area in there that I've mentioned that you have a {C: background speech} uh a great concentration of rich Jews that live in that area. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: So uh Interviewer: That's right. 847: You know so it's sorta like you {D: pick at on up} outta that one. Interviewer: {X} Right here. {NS} Now that's the microphone right there. It doesn't matter if they get me. But the embarrassing thing is a lotta times I listen to these tapes later and my voice is just this clear it sounds great and the informant sounds like they're way off in another room you know. ugh You know my {X} same school. because I saw you like I think {X} 847: Yeah. Interviewer: And now you {X} {NS} Most of my classes are downtown {X} and one day I was uh I was working on a lab down there this was like last spring I guess. And I was sitting there and one of the audiologists went by and asked for {X} is out in the hall just going by he said have you had Calvin McCoy before? And I said wait I know that person. Was that you did you go for a hearing test? 847: Yeah that was me. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 uh # As a matter of fact that person that uh asked {X} one of 'em I don't know which one it mighta been was working for the doctor that I go to. Interviewer: Oh I see. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. 847: uh But I have tried to go on my own really go to county because I thought that the doctors that I was going to uh did not uh he just wasn't satisfying me. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And I did discover that uh there was a hearing loss that I have suffered. Interviewer: Oh #1 really? # 847: #2 um # uh from the uh {X} to next doctor. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And the doctor had never given me a hearing test and that bothered me #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: So I'd get better on my own and eventually the uh this last doctor that I went to I told him about my test with {X} and he says well Calvin I I would just hear it all cuz now and let her do it and lo and behold it was the lady who had given me {X} uh Interviewer: {NW} 847: uh um at county. Interviewer: Uh-huh that's funny. 847: #1 Yeah and # Interviewer: #2 You # get her name? 847: mm It was a real funny name. Kim, Rim something like that. I have her card now I don't know exactly where it is. #1 um # Interviewer: #2 I have # {X} but I don't think she was working long hours this weekend. #1 um # 847: #2 Now this # is this person's last name. Interviewer: Oh. 847: Wasn't a common name. Interviewer: I don't know all of 'em like I might know more 847: But she was concerned about if I was just shopping around and that's what my doctor told me said uh thought I just was concerned about if you were just shopping around cuz she knew I was going to several doctors and she had recommended two or three doctors to me. Interviewer: #1 Yeah? # 847: #2 So um # Interviewer: {X} I mean I could #1 {X} # 847: #2 Well he told # well I guess she was telling him for his benefit this cat might be a uh a kook or something you know I know he's going to all kinda doctors. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And uh Interviewer: Maybe he's a hypochondriac. 847: Yeah so um I'm not a hypochondriac but I just know that uh I explained to him he said oh no he said that's he said if you're not satisfied with your doctor he said sometimes a physical problem uh can be created by a mental disturbance by mental disturbances but you don't have any confidence in the person that's treating you. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: And uh I explained to him that I knew the answers that I was getting that I wasn't satisfied with it. And I wasn't perhaps {D: quite honestly} totally satisfied with him. And he says well what all have they done? And I explained to him all of the things that I have done even like getting this um um allergy test. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: It cost me two hundred and fifty dollars. Interviewer: Yeah I believe #1 it I have # 847: #2 You know well # Interviewer: it too #1 {X} # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: {NS} #1 {X} # 847: #2 {X} # Interviewer: healthy {X} 847: Um fella named {B} Interviewer: uh-huh 847: Course he works out at uh and the professional building out at {X} Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And the doctor that sent me to him the guy who referred me to him was a doctor {B} and he spelled his name {B} The very way I would spell {B} I had him {D: singing}. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: #1 And I # Interviewer: #2 Probably # {X} #1 {X} # 847: #2 I that's # and I told him I said you know you have perhaps the only correct spelling {B} He said what do you mean? I {B} and that's the way most people pronounce it, they don't say {B} Interviewer: That's true. #1 Very true. # 847: #2 You know uh # {B} #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Nobody # spells it that way. {NW} 847: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 847: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 847: Anyway like I said I ended up with these things here from uh my uh allergy test. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Which were they put 'em in three categories. Uh one was pollen and grain and um in pollen and grain there was an insect pollen that's considered as {D: heavy}. Now the insect pollen I don't know what that one is but it's anywho and uh the pollen that uh that grows from uh. Interviewer: Like flowers #1 and things? # 847: #2 Like flowers # and trees and whatever pollen comes #1 from # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: uh And then he they took three categories of those or four and there was the trees like the willow maple, oak and a {X} I don't know what that is. Interviewer: {X} 847: And the spring pollens what they call spring pollens {X} uh {NS} mountain cedar and whatever else was on there I don't know exactly what that is. Wheat bur, dock weeds plantation weeds uh and these are things that you can get from. In a uh in late spring dock weed and the plantation weed will grow. Interviewer: I think I know what dock weed's like #1 haven't heard of plantation. # 847: #2 uh # And they call those windblown pollens. Interviewer: Okay. 847: Uh then there's your ragweed uh sagebrush tumbleweeds and cocklebur. Interviewer: #1 Like little grass burs? # 847: #2 You know what a cocklebur is? # Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 847: {X} grass burs {D: were green the color of} cockleburs and that's what the doctor told me it was and I know that says well you mean what do you call 'em, stickers uh. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 We didn't # call 'em cockleburs. There is a difference between the cocklebur and the what we used to in west Texas call a goathead. A goathead is a it's a um it's a sticker like it sticks you if you step #1 on it. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # #1 It's dry. # 847: #2 It # and yeah #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 Awful. # 847: dry and it's very hard and it has very sharp it's it's just like a a knife they are you know #1 but uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 847: the uh more prone to come off of it, And then a cocklebur is not as quite as bad. Now a cocklebur has sorta more like a furry type Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 in # Interviewer: I know what you're talking #1 about that. # 847: #2 It was a # {D: he said} he said. Now the stick Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh 847: well that reminds me of a cocklebur. Interviewer: Yeah it's like that. 847: Now the goathead that little sticker. Interviewer: Big, they're bigger is one thing I think they're big. 847: No they they're smaller they're about the size of the head of this thing here. And it might have three or four little prongs that are sticking off of it but you talking about something that'll hurt you. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And I've seen dogs #1 step on it. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {D: socks}. 847: Yeah. They really hurt too. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 847: So now I know the difference #1 between # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 {NW} # 847: #2 you know the # difference between a cocklebur and a goathead. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 That's very # important if you live in west Texas like tumbleweeds Interviewer: That's right it's #1 hanging # 847: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: in the air. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Tell me again we've been over this but it's been so long. Where you were born and where how long you lived where and you know where you when you moved to where and 847: Where I was I was born? in {B} Texas and that's in south Texas. Uh I guess you could say it's south central {NW} But I I don't I didn't live there that long I lived uh um when I say I was born in {B} that was my mother's home. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Where she was born. And it just so happened she was there when I uh when the urge came for me to come out. Interviewer: Right. 847: So. {C: laughing} And meet the world. Interviewer: Therefore you have to put that on #1 forms right like. # 847: #2 Yeah you gotta put that down there yeah # Interviewer: {NW} 847: uh we uh Course the family was here in Dallas. uh but I spent a great deal of my growing up uh I would say my I what I would consider as my formative years in {B} because that's where my grandmother was and I spent a lotta time with her. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Uh at I I remember at age five my aunt was teaching in west Texas in a little town called O'Donnell Texas #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Yeah I've heard of O'Donnell. 847: #1 You know where O'Donnell is? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: Forty miles Interviewer: I used to date a boy from O'Donnell. 847: well you know Hoss Cartwright was #1 from O'Donnell. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # {NW} 847: #1 uh and I # Interviewer: #2 O'Donnell's # claim to fame. 847: Well but you see when they printed this in the paper they said he was from uh De Kalb or Harris, Texas or someplace like that. And I said Dan Blocker perhaps the thing that happened to him was the same thing that happened to me with Calvert, Texas and De Kalb, Texas to him. Cuz he actually grew up in O'Donnell. And uh I knew the family knew him and uh it was always look at that when I see uh his biography and they all say you know Dan Blocker in De Kalb Texas and I #1 say # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: that's a lie you know and I Interviewer: Is he really? 847: Yeah it's Interviewer: {D: I'll be.} 847: uh Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 Yeah his r- # his uncle was named J-D. uh His daddy was an uh worked in the market all the time he owned a grocery store in O'Donnell. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh So I knew the whole family. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Was he always this # great big guy? #1 {X} # 847: #2 Always big. # Interviewer: huh 847: And he was uh sorta like a typical big cowboy kid who grows up in a small town. He was a hell raiser. Interviewer: hmm 847: I remember. Interviewer: Isn't that funny. 847: Yeah they bought him uh he had a old black Chevrolet and he was going to Hardin-Simmons. Interviewer: {NW} 847: and he used #1 to come home # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: and raise all kinds of hell he played football at O'Donnell High. And that team was a was the yellow jackets and I don't think {D: he used his} jacket at all you know cuz he was such a huge thing. When he was a when he was fifteen years old he looked you know he must've been weighing two fifty. uh But he was a big kid. #1 you know. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 Probably had to # be a kid like that. #1 {NW} # 847: #2 That # He was he you know when I say he was a hell raiser he was just mischievous. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 He was # always into something. Interviewer: huh 847: And I don't remember that big smile he always he would do something and just smile you know. Interviewer: He could kinda get away with murder #1 with that smile. # 847: #2 He yeah that # smile let him #1 get. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: They had a good they have a good family there. {D: Uncle J-D.} uh Always thought J-D was kinda queer. He wasn't married but I knew {D: nothing about queers} but I always knew there was something wrong with J-D. Interviewer: Not really straight #1 he's not gay. # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 847: and {NS} he {NS} Interviewer: Every time you know living in a place as big as this everyone's home the phone'll ring and you know the person just hangs up and I don't know if it's somebody {X} or what but every time that happens when my husband called me there {X} #1 They hang up. # 847: #2 And # Interviewer: huh 847: that's happened to me a thousand times Interviewer: {NW} 847: And I was telling you about J-D my my sister my aunt got sick and my sister was gonna was uh was uh was going to school at in Austin at uh at that time Tillotson. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: And uh she came out and they let her do her practice teaching they used that as her practice #1 teaching # Interviewer: #2 oh uh-huh # 847: so while my aunt was in the hospital uh my sister sent me to the store with a note and her handwriting was legible but J-D made a comment like oh my god I thought all schoolteachers had pretty handwriting. Interviewer: {NW} 847: And of course I had to go back and tell her what he said #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 oh ouch. # 847: #2 {X} # Interviewer: She had a few choice words for him. 847: Yeah she wrote it back in a note. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: It was too hard for me to tell it #1 when so. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's # funny. #1 {NW} # 847: #2 And and # all the time that she was out there it was like she had a running feud with J-D I never will forget J-D. She probably won't either. Interviewer: They just did not hit it off huh? 847: No they just didn't hit it off you know uh. First of all my sister was uh usually proper and prompt and all. And you know being out in in O'Donnell my aunt had all of the uh all of the trappings of a small town black schoolteacher Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: getting credit from the white establishment. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: You know she's not even going to say Mr. J-D. #1 And then my sister you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: {NW} Interviewer: That's funny. 847: Yeah he you know it was just a real feud between #1 them. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: Well I you know all that time I guess he said you know and his attitude was just young smart black coming in here educated you know she just had. Interviewer: No respect. 847: He had #1 no respect for # Interviewer: #2 No respect. # 847: her at all. Interviewer: {NW} #1 That is funny. # 847: #2 {X} # you know but uh. Interviewer: Well tell me about um Dallas and um how old were you when you moved to Dallas I mean you you came back here as soon as your mother? 847: Well uh I guess at infancy I was in Dallas you know back between Dallas and with my grandmother. And then I started living with my aunt. I started school with her. Interviewer: In O'Donnell? 847: Yeah she didn't have and she was the first black teacher in O'Donnell. Interviewer: hmm 847: Uh when she started teaching there uh it was in an old church that had no floor or anything they had to put the desks on the ground. And they built the little red brick building you know #1 large brick. # Interviewer: #2 She didn't she didn't # teach in the regular school? 847: No. #1 uh-uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 847: Well you see the reason why they needed a a a black schoolteacher in O'Donnell was because uh a lot of blacks migrated into O'Donnell around about cotton picking time. And there were a lotta large farms out there because in that area around Lubbock and all those counties out there uh was the largest cotton producing area in the country at that time. Interviewer: I see 847: And uh there were large farms and they had a lotta blacks that worked on the farms and they uh recognized the fact that they needed a black school. So uh I don't know this was back in the forties must've been forty three forty four somewhere around in there maybe forty five that uh she uh was teaching was serving in a little town called Givens, Texas and somehow or another she got word about this job in O'Donnell and that's where she went. And Interviewer: Probably had never seen this place or she had. 847: She hadn't. Interviewer: Wow. {X} 847: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 {D: Horrible.} # 847: she was making I believe at the time she started fifteen dollars a week. uh something like. Interviewer: Was that better than before? #1 What was she # 847: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: making before? 847: Well I think uh when she was out serving in Givens, Texas she was making she was making less than that. Interviewer: #1 I would # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: think they'd have to pay me a lot of money whole lot more to go to O'Donnell to do anything. {NW} 847: Well the one good thing it did in O'Donnell was that uh they provided her with lodging. Interviewer: Okay. #1 That's for # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: certain. 847: And that the house that we uh stayed in was like a compound operation there. Uh it was in the back of this white family's house that faced the street and we were back around like a compound they and they rented that compound out to blacks. Interviewer: huh 847: And it was just uh a row of old stucco buildings. Uh run one one room little things with it reminds me of my efficiency apartment that I had. uh Not much larger than this room here. Interviewer: mm 847: And there was an outdoors toilet. And that was a real trip in the wintertime #1 you know how the wind blows out there. # Interviewer: #2 I'm sure in O'Donnell. # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} Had to need to go real bad. 847: Yeah you know when you have to go in a #1 sandstorm that's real good. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: Yeah it was you talking about happy days. Interviewer: #1 oh # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Bad old days.} #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {NW} 847: But uh somehow or another we had fun while I was out there and then they they did this real big thing. uh The church got too small and uh with this being in the late forties uh the uh military had no use for all these barracks that they had housed the soldiers in. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: And somewhere out in that area must've been in Stanton, Texas or somewhere that uh they had some barracks up for sale. So they had two of the old barracks buildings hauled to O'Donnell. And they bought a patch of land out near a field and that's where they set the buildings and joined them together and made a school and a living quarters. There were we had a library two restrooms indoors #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # wow. 847: That was like #1 really moving up # Interviewer: #2 luxury. # 847: #1 you know. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: uh She stayed uh remained as the uh only teacher uh after that for around I guess let's see it was nineteen fifty uh it was in fifty one that they hired no it was in fifty they hired another teacher. So they ended up with two black teachers and my aunt was the principal of a two teacher #1 school. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} #1 {NW} # 847: #2 you know {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Funny to {D: think about} anyway. 847: Yeah so I stayed in O'Donnell with her until uh uh like I mentioned my sister came out when she was sick she was a diabetic. She had one leg had a foot amputated. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 Gangrene # had set up from wearing a shoe that was too small. Not too small it developed a blister on her toe. uh and uh From the effects of that it created uh you know the deterioration that comes with uh uh diabetics when they have something like that happen to 'em. And they amputated the foot then they had to amputate the leg below the knee and for some reason when you have amputations like that diabetics it affects the other limb. And uh within the next year she had to have the other leg amputated below the knee. Interviewer: #1 That bad? # 847: #2 And # when I was twelve I had just turned twelve. Interviewer: And how old was your sister? 847: Uh my sister must've been I was twelve mm no I mighta been ten or eleven. So that means that she must've been twenty. Interviewer: Oh she was that much older than you. 847: mm-hmm Yeah. That's right because my sister got married when she was seventeen. I remember that that was a real {D: fast one} she finished high school at fif- she started college at fifteen. {NS} And Interviewer: Must be awful smart. 847: Yeah she's brilliant. {X} um Has almost a full academic uh Interviewer: hmm 847: but she hadn't finished college. she fell in love with the Pullman porter on a train. You see like when she would leave Dallas going to Austin on the train Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh Interviewer: It was the same guy every time huh? 847: Yeah and he had just gotten outta service Interviewer: uh-huh 847: back then when she started college. So I guess she must've started college in forty after forty five forty six forty seven somewhere around there. Interviewer: There weren't many women period going to college then. 847: No there wasn't uh and she's a very good looking girl too long pretty black hair straight {NS} uh what black people call high yellow. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 Yeah you know and uh # Interviewer: #2 I've heard of that right. # 847: uh Interviewer: Now wait let me ask you about high yellow is that does that mean skin color too or is it just the hair or what is #1 it? # 847: #2 No # high yellow's skin color. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And uh you and uh that's because perhaps uh uh the brown pigmentation mixed with uh the uh uh white pigmentation you come up with a yellowish glow to the skin. uh And she had that yellowish brown Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 between # white color you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 847: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 That's really pretty. # 847: Yeah. My uh great grandmother on my my grandfather's mother was a Cherokee Indian. And uh color came out in her and my grandfather was he was dark skinned. It looked like an Indian had straight hair high cheekbones Interviewer: #1 hmm # 847: #2 and # his uh he was a reddish brown color. Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah he was a good looking old man. And uh he and my mother didn't talk about {X} something I guess thought it too. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # uh we uh uh you know so that's she was good looking you know like I could imagine what would happen uh Mama'd put her on the train she'd go to Austin. And that was the route that this fella was working. Dallas to Austin San Antonio to Houston whatever way that train was going. And by seeing her coming home for Thanksgiving Christmas, and Easter holidays and summer things like that I just imagine they struck up a pretty good relationship you know my mother hated the fella. And uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: my uh my sister's excuse was that she didn't like my stepfather. uh And she said she didn't like him cuz uh he was so ignorant and really my stepfather was an ignorant man. But he was a good man and that's what happens when you start educating the kids in the family they start looking around at who's ignorant in the family. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: {NS} And uh she just could not understand why my mother had such a big ignorant man for a husband. #1 And # Interviewer: #2 So she # just had to get out. 847: #1 She had to get away from you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah yeah. # 847: Uh and and he was real crude {D: but bless} he was a very good man you know like he'd sit around and tell tales about uh the boogeyman and the ghost and and she just hated that. Interviewer: {NW} 847: and she said {D: you'll ruin the little rebels}. and he says #1 well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Tell me about the boogeyman cuz that's a question on here what the boogeyman is 847: Well Interviewer: Who's the boogeyman? 847: well let me tell you #1 what I I it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 847: I always knew that we were supposed to be afraid for the boogeyman. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And it took me getting grown before I recognized what they were talking about. uh The boogeyman must've been a fella that they created to look something like uh the blob. And the blob then have you have you seen the blob the comic books? Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Yeah # 847: #2 You know # he comes out and he's just really mad for nothing. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: And the boogeyman came from boogers. Boogers are the things that happen from the secretion of uh mucus in the nose #1 and you get # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 847: a booger up there. So then you know they scared the hell out of kids well and you know {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 847: #2 The # #1 boogeyman was actually # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 847: he was actually the booger man #1 you know. {C laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That is pretty gross. 847: #1 Real gross could you imagine though # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: a massive what we would #1 call # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 847: #1 muc- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: you know like what I just call mucus. And it's not mucus we call it snot. Interviewer: Right that's what we call it. 847: Yeah you know here's the the snot man #1 {D: coming at you}. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 A big one. # {NW} 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's pretty funny. # 847: But she could not stand you know like my my sister just didn't like my stepfather. Interviewer: I see. 847: But I loved him and he you know he Interviewer: Did she get alright? After after her legs were amputated did she get all #1 be alright? # 847: #2 No no # cuz my aunt uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 It was my # aunt woulda had #1 {D: palpitations} # Interviewer: #2 oh okay okay # 847: uh My mother told her that I couldn't stay with her anymore and I was eleven then. And I guess a week after that she had a stroke and died. Interviewer: My goodness ooh. 847: And I think it must of been pressure she was hype- hypertensive in the first place said hype- everybody in the family has hypertension including myself. Interviewer: mm #1 {X} # 847: #2 She # could not figure out and I I realized this after many years the sudden illness that came up because she was up walking in her walker. She had gotten an artificial leg so {X} was right down the street and every time I pass by it I think about her. Interviewer: mm 847: uh And she was a you know had a really a lot of stamina and she was gonna walk again one day. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And it was just the fact that if I couldn't go back with her she had nobody to go with her. Interviewer: Right. 847: And uh she hadn't uh I had been with her oh over six seven years. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And it was uh well it was a traumatic experience for her to think that her legs were gone but I was her legs I was her everything. uh I moved in when I was nine years old eight nine ten. I was cooking washing cleaning uh taking care of business like paying bills writing checks. uh You know so it was like we had a real relationship #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: And uh Interviewer: Well were you here in Dallas this is when when your mother said you know? 847: No I I was in Houston with my aunt uh because we have relatives in Houston. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: And uh {X} Houston and that's where we were staying for the summer.` We'd always like we would either go to Mexico uh down to Calvert to Houston or summers you know we just traveled around you know like it was a big experience for me being with her. And we were in Houston during that time and my mother came out to Houston on a train and it got it was you know it into a big hassle about me. You know my mother says you know well that's my son and you're just taking him away from me you know and she said uh I'm sorry you don't have any children that you can stay with you now. And it was just I mean it was a week after that uh oh she just said well you know I I'm gonna go back to school I'm gonna make a living and #1 you know big hassle. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: uh #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 That # 847: something in the family we don't ever talk about. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # right. #1 how did you # 847: #2 uh # Interviewer: feel at that time? Or did you know that that was all going on? 847: Well I didn't like it. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know. And I think what it was my mother felt like I had started not respecting her. uh You know it was a jealousy thing I #1 think # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: between my mother and my aunt about me and uh it was just one of those #1 tragic things that can happen to families you know. # Interviewer: #2 Were you the # last kid were you the baby? 847: Uh no. {NS} uh My brother let me see Charles is must be six years younger than I so I was the baby for six years so to speak. Interviewer: uh-huh yeah. 847: And that creates a problem too. Interviewer: Yeah I'm sure. 847: Yeah it really does create a problem. uh Like a lotta people say the middle child is usually uh #1 gets slighted. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: But in my case I ended up with a lot of attention by my aunt who had no children Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: and from my grandmother since I was her baby grandchild and she didn't expect to have any more grandchildren uh and then along came my brother. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 You know after those six years. # Interviewer: Afterthought. 847: Yeah. So I really didn't care about whether I stayed with my mother or not. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You know. uh Interviewer: You would get mom to {X} huh? 847: Yeah I was living like a little king. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 847: #2 You know. # Interviewer: You were probably a real brat. #1 {NW} # 847: #2 Yeah you know I was a # I was a turbulent lord Fauntleroy. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You know in O'Donnell everybody recognized me in the town. You know that's the you know that's the schoolteacher's nephew. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And uh I could go anywhere in white O'Donnell that I wanted to and I got treated real nice. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You know uh and you know you had to there was a distinction that was made between me and other black kids in town and I r- #1 I kind of yeah you know I enjoyed # Interviewer: #2 Yeah you had to enjoy it. # 847: that you know. In fact when I look back on it you know that was some of my happiest days. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh well did you come to Dallas then when you were what eleven? 847: Yeah I was eleven I was I remember very distinctly I had just uh I had just turned twelve as a matter of fact my birthday's in July. And this happened in August cuz I remember we were preparing to go back to school in O'Donnell. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 847: And I started grade school here I was in eighth grade they didn't have any junior highs then. Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah 847: So I started over at uh the {X} grade school in Dallas uh in the eighth grade I had gone to school in Dallas previously but it hadn't been for any length of time. #1 You know so # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: it'd be six months here and I'd leave and go back to O'Donnell cuz I just could not take Dallas. Uh you know and it there was a big there was a big difference in going to the city school and then going to a school where my aunt taught me. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 Yeah # when she was the only teacher. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And that was a real trick she taught eight classes eight grades every day. Grades one through eight. Interviewer: {X} 847: Well the good thing about that for for the kids was this. Is that if you were in the second grade you knew what was going on in the third grade cuz we were all in the same room. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And if you were sharp enough in the fifth grade you could read what the eighth graders were doing. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 So when I # came here and I was in eighth grade I was much farther advanced than the kids in Dallas because I had been exposed to the environment ever since I started school. #1 I w- # Interviewer: #2 isn't that # interesting. 847: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You would # think it would be the other way around cuz O'Donnell doesn't have any background with anything going to a one room school and everything. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Other way around. 847: You know uh they uh would I was looking at getting one of the {X} they gonna do all of the thirty six plays by Shakespeare you know in the next six years. Course they gonna use British actors. But I was reading Shakespeare when I was in fifth grade and it was because our literature books that the eighth graders were using had Shakespeare in it so I was reading Shakespeare you know when I was uh Interviewer: {X} #1 {X} # 847: #2 nine. # Interviewer: {X} Shakespeare. 847: You know and it was #1 just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: and when I came here and uh you know and they introduced these literature books in in the eighth or ninth grade and I said well I've already read these books. They said what do you mean you've read these books you know you didn't even have any books. {C: static} Interviewer: {NW} 847: And I didn't ever explain to them why I'd had the books. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh #1 So # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 but I was exposed # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 847: I was exposed to a lot of things that way particularly uh in in getting an education I think sometimes and I look back on my life and having to take care of my aunt at eight and nine years old that uh perhaps I missed a lot too. {X} Well you grow up too quick. Interviewer: Oh #1 yeah. # 847: #2 uh # Like like dancing was always stupid to me. Interviewer: mm 847: You know I just couldn't figure out why people would go through the physical motions that they went through just because they heard some music. And right now I I'm not a very good dancer. uh most of my friends don't know me as a person who has too much humor. Even though there you know I have a lot of humor but my humor they don't really appreciate because I don't like stupid things. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: uh My humor is if I can catch you in something uh philosophical joke Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 and you # you understand what I'm talking about now either it might be something that's totally comical to me and nobody sees any humor. Interviewer: Oh I see it's almost like you never got to be a kid. 847: That's right you know like I finished high school when I was sixteen. Interviewer: Tell me about {X}. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: Thank you. 847: I finished when I was sixteen and I just couldn't figure out anything I wanted to do so I joined the army. uh total lie. So about the time I was nineteen I had been halfway around the world and back and I was speaking portions of four different languages Interviewer: {X} 847: you know and it was just something that uh Interviewer: What languages? 847: French German Spanish and English sometimes. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 Sometimes English. # Interviewer: {NW} 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Sometimes # English. 847: Yeah but you know I uh I you know the experience has been good it's just the fact that I said you seem to miss something. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 847: #2 Like # uh you see how big I am now at sixteen I was almost I was as tall as I am now uh but I didn't have any weight on me. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 and I # always think back that if I had finished school high school like other kids at seventeen and eighteen there's a big difference between the development of the body at fifteen and sixteen #1 than # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: there is at seventeen and eighteen. Consequently I never realized the heroics that I could've could've performed in athletics because I was out of school by the time that uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: my growth had started. #1 And # Interviewer: #2 You couldn't # play football or whatever probably big as you are. 847: Yeah you know and uh it was just you know I always seemed like a step ahead but being a step ahead like that doesn't it hurts you in a sense of speaking you because you really miss something. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {D: about another thing} {NS} said the same thing she grew up during the Depression and they just didn't have any money and she was raised by her grandmother and they didn't have any {X} but she had that she learned how to cook and and she made all the clothes and all the stuff you know from age probably about {X}. 847: Well like I've been cooking ever since I was eight. And I remember making one of the best lemon custard pies you know it's not a custard Eagle Brand milk. Interviewer: Oh I love that. 847: #1 That was the first # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 that was the first pie I ever made # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah. 847: was a #1 lemon. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # lemon with {X} 847: Yeah and uh #1 graham. # Interviewer: #2 graham # cracker crust. 847: The graham cracker crust. Interviewer: {NW} 847: And uh there was always the gingerbread cakes. #1 Ever made gingerbread cake? # Interviewer: #2 I don't know if I've ever # made that. 847: Well uh I've forgotten how to make a gingerbread cake now but they were really really good. Interviewer: Gingerbread lemon pie is my favorite thing in the whole world. 847: And I was going to tell you we we used to make I used to make the lemon pies and she being a diabetic was not supposed to eat 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 847: Well she'd suddenly eat a half a pie Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 and # double up on her insulin you know. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # {D: If it wasn't} she hadn't gotten an insulin shot. Interviewer: #1 Right probably. # 847: #2 You know. # Interviewer: That's funny. #1 {NW} # 847: #2 Now we # Interviewer: They're worth it though they really are worth #1 it. # 847: #2 Yeah. # Every now and then I'll have a taste for one you know uh and then when they what we call hoe cakes. #1 Now hoe cakes # Interviewer: #2 I don't know about # hoe cakes. 847: a hoe cake is nothing but a great big biscuit {NS} fried in a pan on top of the stove. Interviewer: Is it is it regular flour or cornmeal or? 847: Flour. It's a flour dough. Interviewer: huh 847: And uh you use a little baking powder water no egg anything like that. Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah that's you know and it if a thing with you know you use a big black skillet and it just would mushroom out and you'd flip it over. And I and I you know I think the reason why they call it a hoe cake because it was it was like in comparison and they were talking about like a whore. In comparison to a biscuit like that to a cake and that's it was like comparing a bad lady Interviewer: I guess. 847: a bad woman to a lady you know. Interviewer: Right. 847: and it took me a you know I #1 I # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: Never knew why we were saying these things you know. Interviewer: Yeah yeah 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 no I # never heard that {X} 847: #1 Yeah right. # Interviewer: #2 I # knew it as a hoe cake but I didn't {NW} 847: Yeah well that's Interviewer: That's very interesting I didn't even know what one was. 847: Yeah you know it's a cake really you know that it mushrooms #1 up # Interviewer: #2 as # #1 opposed to # 847: #2 you know # Interviewer: #1 cake. # 847: #2 this thing. # Yeah. #1 It's not the lady # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 little angel food. # Interviewer: #2 Not your proper # #1 it's not your proper cake. # 847: #2 {NW} # No. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 847: #2 Which # you know we're talking about uh language things here too. It was just a few years ago that I figured out what my grandfather was talking about when he said kiver. Interviewer: What was that? 847: He was talking about cover. Interviewer: Oh well. 847: He would he would always say bring me the kiver. and the kiver meant to me a blanket or a quilt. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: But I never related kiver being cover. Interviewer: That's interesting never thought they were the same word. #1 huh # 847: #2 I didn't # think they were the same words. Interviewer: #1 very interesting # 847: #2 uh # And I guess it was after I talked to you that I started figuring out what he meant by kiver. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh 847: And he was talking about the cover. Interviewer: #1 Very # 847: #2 And # I hear people now you know somebody'll say kiver me up. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh 847: That means cover me up. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 You know but # I didn't know what he was talking about. I just knew he wanted the blanket or the quilt on him. Interviewer: {X} That's very interesting. I love stuff like that. 847: And now that was that was one of his favorite words and fetch. I always would get it but I would figure that fetch mean give me this and I you know I I was an adult before I figured out that fetch I just wasn't thinking about what fetch meant to him. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: You know. um It means to hand back to me or give back to me. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: But fetch really means for you to go get it. Interviewer: Go get it yeah. 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # That's funny. 847: #1 You know. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 It reminds me of # my next door neighbor. Before she had two kids she had this enormous old English sheep dog and they taught the dog to fetch they'd throw the ball and say fetch run and get the ball but there was this other kid little daughter you know just a kid that's old enough to crawl. they got her to fetch they threw a ball to #1 fetch. # 847: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {X} {NW} 847: {NW} Poor kid probably ended up with a complex one #1 probably # Interviewer: #2 day. # 847: So you know. Interviewer: {D: the dog}. 847: So your mother used to tell you the fetch {NS} #1 dog story. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Let's see what was I gonna ask you next? um Okay well you lived in O'Donnell. You live in Did you did you did you {X} the whole time or? 847: Well Interviewer: You already said that. 847: when they #1 put the barracks together # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: uh that ended up being a two bedroom. It was it was a one {X} when I say this it was one of the larger portions of the barracks that they'd turned into a bedroom and a kitchen with a little dinette in it. And the way they did that was they built a {D: banister} between you know it was just a partition. A half a wall partition. Go across cut a little door in it there's the kitchen and the bedroom that's the living quarters there you know. Interviewer: I see uh-huh. 847: uh We we had a large bed which was a full bed and I slept on a cot more or less like a foot of the full bed that was across from the full bed near the door. Interviewer: uh 847: Thing that divided the full bed and the cot was the door. Interviewer: huh 847: uh There were a couple of large chairs like uh lounge chairs. um There was cabinets built in the kitchen you know the refrigerator. uh I'm trying to think we had not that wasn't a refrigerator it was an icebox. Interviewer: Oh it was really with ice. 847: Yeah ours was a real ice box. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: And I remember having to wrap the ice up in newspaper to keep you know people thought back then that I guess it did it kept the ice from melting so quickly it was like insulation. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 Right. # 847: #2 uh # Then we finally got a refrigerator. uh There was a table in there. And the bathroom and the shower actually it was the restroom with a shower it was the girls' restroom that like if you you know were facing the right way you know like it was facing south and uh would go through the west side of the bathroom. And on the east side of the bathrooms and to the uh school uh #1 in the classroom. # Interviewer: #2 uh # Yeah I see. 847: You know so uh uh we used the uh girls' restroom had had a shower in it and that was connected to the living quarters. Interviewer: uh-huh I see. 847: And the boys' restroom was over on the north side of the building Interviewer: mm 847: Yeah. Interviewer: mm-hmm So if there was school out you had to not get confused and go in the wrong one right? 847: I always knew that if I what was going on when I went in there. Interviewer: {NW} 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} uh um 847: {NS} Yeah. I think a couple times I did by accident go in and it created such #1 disturbances. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: And my aunt put a latch lock on the inside of the door. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Funny. # 847: #2 {NW} # {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Well I # tell me this when you were in Dallas you lived in Dallas like part of that time like for six months at a time #1 right? # 847: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: What kind of housing was it like here in Dallas? {X} 847: mm-hmm Looks like it's getting pretty low. Interviewer: Yeah. uh I think it will click once it goes off. {X} 847: Well now the first house that I remember living in in Dallas was a duplex. Interviewer: Let me ask you now would you draw me a floor plan of it? 847: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Like that where's the list of the things that you said before that they sent me? {X} {NS} And I can't remember if I had to do this before I guess I didn't. 847: No you didn't I I woulda remembered that. And I was {D: duplex me}. {D: You must like to do this.} Now we shared the same kitchen though. Interviewer: mm The family in the other part of the duplex and y'all? 847: Yeah well actually uh the man who owned the house the the owner lived there too. And he lived on the other side. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm I see. 847: And he had one kitchen built in there. Yeah looks about right. We even stayed in a shotgun house too. Interviewer: Shotgun house #1 is a # 847: #2 That's a # straight through thing. You know you have to walk through the whole house to get to the kitchen. Interviewer: Like oh all the rooms just line up straight? 847: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} #1 Where was that # 847: #2 because # Interviewer: where was the shotgun #1 house? # 847: #2 It was # in Dallas. Interviewer: huh 847: Now let me see. Interviewer: This is always a real talent trying to get people to people to do this cuz I get some people who are just they say no. {NW} 847: Well I guess you have to think about. This will be a door using this as doors. Interviewer: mm-kay 847: And I guess {C: static} yeah that'll do. {C: static} mm-hmm {C: static} I'll call this {C: static} open space so you can see now there was oh and there was a closet here {D: so I'll make a note}. Yeah that's right. Interviewer: Would you when you get through that label stuff for me okay? 847: Okay. Interviewer: So that this kinda thing is in {X} Yeah things like that are really {NS} valuable. 847: And you know what? There was another family living over here yeah he used one bedroom. There was always the biggest hassle about this. Sure was. Interviewer: About the bedroom? 847: No there was this lady that lived over on this side whose name was {D: Ida May}. I remember her name. Interviewer: {NW} 847: She had a son named Frederick. Frederick was older than we were and he always picked on us. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Like to use the bathroom or the kitchen there was always a hassle going on with Frederick. Interviewer: oh uh-huh 847: Remember old Frederick I can't forget #1 him. # Interviewer: #2 You # had to fight the sandstorm or Frederick #1 to go to the # 847: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: bathroom. 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Sounds like a hard childhood to me. {NW} Sound like it's always running out there hmm. 847: hmm Interviewer: Well it looks wet but well it looks like it might be covered {D: with little snowflakes}. {X} {X} Oh hey there's more left. It's already {X} 847: It is? Interviewer: Yeah they come on {D: cars and stuff}. {X} huh Well guess we're gonna {X}. 847: {X} Interviewer: Okay now tell me. 847: There. {NS} We lived on this side. We went in through here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: And there was a hall hallways have huge living rooms. Like say there was a closet at the front room I don't all those old houses have closets at the front and they were sorta like back to back. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: And there were two bedrooms on this side and two bedrooms on that side Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 847: #2 Well # the lady that lived in this bedroom was Frederick's {D: fella}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: Okay. And the man who owned the house lived over here. Interviewer: hmm 847: And that was the problem with Frederick is it because we had two bedrooms and he only had one with his mother. Interviewer: {NW} 847: {NW} Interviewer: Right. 847: Yeah so my brother and I Max slept Interviewer: {NW} 847: in this room. And my mother and my stepfather slept here. Uh as you can see the bathroom was closer to us than it was over here to Frederick's room. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: You know like they had to come around through the kitchen this was just like a little dinette up here and it was just real convenient Interviewer: Yeah. 847: you know to come back around through #1 here # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: to the bathroom. And there was always some sort of a hassle I think we used to harass him. Interviewer: {NW} 847: You know like uh knock on the wall when we knew he was in the bathroom. Interviewer: Yeah yeah. 847: And he Interviewer: Poor Frederick. 847: he would wait on us. Interviewer: Frederick may not be #1 the bad guy in all this. # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 847: He was just the biggest he was the oldest like you know like uh and I know he probably hated us. {NW} Interviewer: He probably did. 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: But now let me draw this thing of the shotgun house. Interviewer: Right right. 847: I thought I thought the shotgun house now then there was another duplex we lived in three different duplexes and all the other duplexes were made exactly alike. Now uh except for the others were were totally divided and you had a hallway down each side of the like that would be a hallway. A hall there and all your other things would be living room, bedroom, kitchen bathroom bedroom #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # #1 uh-huh # 847: #2 And those # screened in back porch and all. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: But now the shotgun house #1 was # Interviewer: #2 I bet # things were kinda crowded at mealtime with two families in there trying to sit down at the same time. 847: It was always a hassle. And there was always a problem with somebody stealing somebody's food. Interviewer: Oh yeah oh yeah. 847: Now we kept a lotta the food {D: Mom always uh} {D: put out} and we were always missing food. My mother didn't care but I always cared cuz it seemed like Frederick was getting my oranges or apples or something or either when his mother was fixing his lunch she would put something of ours in his lunch. Yeah it created big problems. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: #1 Big problems. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Yeah. 847: And if you know like he had a sister too I don't remember where his sister slept. She didn't stay there all the time but when she did she just slept with Frederick and they had two beds in his room uh in in their room she slept with their mother and Frederick slept in the other bed. Interviewer: mm 847: At night she slept on the on the couch in the living room cuz I know when my sister came home she would either sleep in the living room either move us out of the bedroom and we had to sleep in the living room. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 847: {X} Interviewer: Oh I see why Frederick may have had some problems. 847: Yeah yeah you know a lotta problems. Interviewer: Do you ever wonder what became of people like that? 847: Yeah uh let's see uh last I heard of Frederick he was uh oh he he had lost his mind I believe. Interviewer: Oh really? 847: {D: No.} Interviewer: That is interesting. 847: Well you know when I heard that I said you know Frederick was always crazy. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} You know I was I was home Wichita Falls is my hometown. I was home about a week ago. My father had a heart attack and he's doing okay now but I was at the hospital and uh there was this bozo football player that I went to high school with I didn't even {X} just your typical jock. You know and he played the part he was a big guy. He went around acting mean and everybody liked him but you know he was just kind of a bozo. Well he was at the hospital and uh I stopped to talk to him and I found out that the reason he was at the hospital is cuz he was making rounds. He was a doctor. 847: He's a doctor? Interviewer: Yeah. And I just went you're a doctor? 847: Well Frederick's sister's a nurse. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Good the # sister at least didn't lose her mind you know. 847: uh I've seen some real work cases come out of houses like that whereas it that the girls take on say there's a girl in the house with two or three brothers. She take on the masculine tendencies of the brothers. Interviewer: huh 847: You know and uh boys who slept with their sisters and their sisters were older they end up taking up female tendencies you know there were a lotta things that went on there you know like uh I spent an awful lotta time in the middle of them. And I wonder if that mighta been an influence of being around my aunt all the time. uh I think all of us have some traits in us that Interviewer: Yeah. 847: #1 you know that uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 {X} # 847: #2 it could # go either way. Interviewer: Yeah it depends on upbringing and stuff. 847: {X} back here Interviewer: You saw the tape going. 847: Now now if it I think consistently looked {X} Interviewer: {X} Now it sounds better {X} I don't wanna take up more that 847: #1 half but # Interviewer: #2 Well I got time cuz my # 847: secretary's not here so uh you know. Interviewer: Well good I'll stay the rest of the day then just to use up all my tapes. {D: It's not your basic complicated now is it?} 847: Oh no. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 847: #2 it didn't take a # genius to figure this out. Interviewer: Really. {NW} 847: Can't call this a back door. It's on the side of the house. It went into the kitchen. {NS} Now uh {X} Interviewer: I can't read upside down. 847: Sorry. Interviewer: {NS} I know people who can but I'm not one of #1 'em. # 847: #2 This is a # bedroom. Interviewer: uh 847: It was the landlord's bedroom. Interviewer: Oh. 847: His name was Mr. Williams. Interviewer: Oh okay. {NW} 847: {NW} Interviewer: Get these details #1 right. # 847: #2 He # yeah. Interviewer: {NW} 847: The bathroom was back here. This was the kitchen. There was a side door that goes into the kitchen and that was the door that Mr. Williams used to go #1 into # Interviewer: #2 uh # 847: his bedroom. Interviewer: huh 847: uh This is the bedroom that was for my brother and I. uh This was a combination bedroom living room to the front door. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: You know. {X} Interviewer: Your mother and stepfather were there? 847: mm-hmm Interviewer: Well what'd your sister do when she came home there? Or did she live there at that time or not? 847: Oh yeah I know what we did. Well when she came home we set up {NS} a rollaway bed in here Interviewer: mm 847: and we'd put the we would let the rollaway bed down. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 847: That's what happened when she came home. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: uh And I think that was part of the problem of her not wanting to come back home. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah I can understand that. 847: You know the older she got you know like then sixteen going on seventeen years old had to sleep in a room with two little brothers. Interviewer: That's 847: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 bad # news. 847: and completely no privacy at all. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh Interviewer: This is #1 bad news # 847: #2 Then having # to share the bathroom {D: with an old hick bald head uh} landlord. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 847: #2 probably eyeballing her all the # #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Probably. # #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I'd stay away from home as much as possible too I think. 847: So that was that was a real trick there. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh So when my younger brother was born I remember we moved. We stayed there for a while uh and he slept in one of these bedrooms. But then it was all it was convenient because then there wasn't uh often that my sister and I were there all the time so it was my oldest brother and my youngest brother who were there all the time and when when I say my oldest brother he's two years older than I am. Interviewer: mm 847: And that would make him eight years older uh than my younger brother my youngest brother at least. So they don't get along now. Interviewer: Oh dear. 847: And I often wondered why they didn't get along. Maybe it was because one or the other displeased the other one for so long by being together all the time. Interviewer: Yeah maybe so. 847: You know and they developed resentments for each other that I didn't develop cuz I wasn't around all the #1 time. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # uh-huh Well how was it you went to live with your aunt instead of your older brother? {X} 847: uh Well I remember when we first started uh school. Interviewer: Was this here in Dallas? 847: No we started out with my aunt in O'Donnell. Interviewer: Okay. 847: uh Max's birthday is in December December twenty fifth. Interviewer: Oh wow huh he had to get two sets of presents right? 847: No. Interviewer: {NW} 847: That creates problems too. Interviewer: Yes. I have a friend whose birthday is birthday is the twenty first and she has the same problem. 847: And like it's it seemed that Max was always into something mischievous and I wasn't. My mother said that my aunt was making a difference in the two of us. {NS} And that created a problem so she said send my boy home. Max would tell a lie like you know like you know he made it really sound like it was a big difference being me. Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: But then he was my grandfather's favorite. Reason being he was the first male born into my mother's side of the family in forty some odd years. Interviewer: Oh boy. Wow. 847: So Interviewer: Yeah. 847: that made him real special to my grandfather. Interviewer: Yeah. 847: His first grandson. Interviewer: uh-huh 847: Well there was when the distinction started being made it started with my grandfather and my grandmother. My grandfather smothered my oldest brother with all the love because he was the first grandboy. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 847: And my grandmother catered to me because she knew my grandfather really had didn't care that much about me. Interviewer: Yeah right somebody's gotta love the kid. 847: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 847: #2 {NW} # So you know it always was a like little problems going on and just since talking about it I can real- I recognize and realize a lotta things that happen now with kids and why it happened with 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm 847: and uh when my mother sent my brother back when my aunt brought my brother back to Dallas um that's when a lot of distinctions started being made between who's doing what and why. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 847: And my brother always wanted to be with us but since he wasn't with us that meant that he was with my mother and my stepfather and he didn't like my stepfather either you know maybe maybe I liked him cuz I wasn't around all the time. Interviewer: Yeah maybe so. 847: Yeah you know #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 sounds like he # {X} 847: Yeah I think I did. Interviewer: Well how did you all get along then when you moved back to Dallas? When you were what twelve? 847: Oh we fought all the time. Interviewer: Oh really? You were kind of at that age too yeah. 847: Yeah. Just the right age to start disliking each other. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 847: #2 And # not being around each other wasn't enough either. And it's just been within the last four or five years that my brother and I have gotten to be like brothers. Interviewer: Is that right? 847: #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 That's # really interesting. 847: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Is he still in # in Dallas? 847: He's still in Dallas. But he uh {NS} by him being the oldest you know like two years difference is a big thing with brothers Interviewer: Yeah. 847: uh might not be to people on the streets but it really is. And I I respect him as being my oldest brother I listen to him I don't give him very much advice he gives me all the advice. And I do that with him primarily because he he has some good sound advice to give. But he is always stuck like that uh opportunities came to me a little bit better than came to him. uh And I guess some things did happen you know to me that perhaps didn't happen to him. There were benefits uh but it didn't hurt him you know like uh he he's very independent uh he makes more money than I do now and he really likes that because when I was making more money than he was making it's sorta like a put down #1 to him. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Exactly #1 you know he # 847: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: still respect it'll bother him. 847: Yeah you know so he would uh and even refers now to my easy job you know and what I do here and how hard he works and whatever you know but and I said but you're making more money you know and he said well it compensates for it. uh But we that we love each other now I always loved him always felt like kinda resented me some reason or #1 another # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 847: and I find I I would bend over backwards {X} Interviewer: {NS} Yeah 847: And He'll tell people now you know like we used to not get along two hours together you know like uh Uh it was just Something that I he didn't see eye to eye with me and I didn't see eye to eye with him and we would end up Having you know a big argument about something And it would literally be nothing Interviewer: Yeah 847: Uh Interviewer: Whatever 847: Whatever yeah as long as And it wouldn't be me I wouldn't create the problem You know It was just the fact that he Somehow I never felt like I thought was smarter than he was Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: So finally I told him one day you know you have a lot of good advice to give me and I'll listen to you And he's finally started imparting with some good advice Uh and The times of my being away from Dallas And growing up Made him much more street wise than me Interviewer: Hmm that's interesting 847: Uh like I don't Interviewer: You grew up in this little town 847: Yeah like uh You know down the street was the pool hall there was a lot of slick things going in the city Interviewer: Yeah 847: And even now you know like first time I went to San Francisco was Six years ago {NW} And he was cautioning me said don't you be no fool now like You're really talking to a country bumpkin You know and Interviewer: Right 847: Great big city of San Francisco you know Interviewer: {NW} 847: He says I say what do you mean see you know I {X} You and I really have I still have some country ways about me about I'll leave my Bag Uh my jewelry And you know I might walk outta here and leave it on the desk and people say well you shouldn't do that I said why it's my desk {NS} They said well man you know you'll end up somebody will steal it And I sometimes I have to go back and check my door To make sure that I've locked the doors because I grew up in an environment of not locking doors And I checked you know and taking everybody at their word and I still do Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Uh that when people come to you they're honest And sincere And in my and and they're not rascals or scoundrels Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Uh but And it's taken me a long time To start recognizing that there are a lot of rascals and scoundrels #1 Around # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: He's had to protect me in a lot of instances you know But uh Just My assuming things about people Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Um I went to high school here but {NS} Man like I said when I finished high school I went immediately into service Right out of service into school and you know like I just lost a lot things about how really Terrible city people can be sometimes Interviewer: Mm 847: And uh You know he looks out for me in those in that respect {NS} like Interviewer: In a way it's good in a way it's bad I suppose {X} 847: Well I think it's good it it's good and bad Interviewer: Yeah 847: Uh the good part Is that uh I was able to see what the city was To be associated with it And growing up And not being totally engulfed into the Ghetto scene Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Um And then my environment with my aunt was always an environment of education {NW} So then that kept me Interviewer: Yeah 847: It kept me afloat and aloof too For things that really go on Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Uh I remember when I was about twenty years old Uh This fellow introduced me to some people said this is {B} I want you to meet a man who's never been to jail Interviewer: {NW} 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: That was a big thing to come out of him {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 847: I will ne- You know that's something it's like it's in an indelible print in my mind Interviewer: Yeah 847: Uh you know I've been arrested on traffic violations and Um Interviewer: No 847: Being in the wrong place at the wrong time that sort of thing But that was really interesting to me you know I've never been to jail for something real big you know And he said Interviewer: Isn't that #1 Interesting # 847: #2 {X} # {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Couldn't say it # I can tell 847: Because over in that neighborhood in East Dallas right over by Fair Park Interviewer: #1 Is that where you lived # 847: #2 {D: House ground} # Yup I lived there Grew up on {B} Interviewer: Yeah 847: {B} In that area around there And {NS} That you know everybody had to go to jail you know You just haven't grown up until you go into juvenile home and then jail Interviewer: Well it's just a matter of time 847: It's just a matter of time you know like in a Interviewer: {NW} 847: He was really proud of me his friend's never been to jail #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's so funny 847: {NW} But Interviewer: Where did you go to school you said you went to school when you got out of the service 847: To the University of Maryland Interviewer: How come you went there so far away 847: Uh Had a lot of friends living in Michigan I met people that uh when I was in Detroit {X} Well I when I was in Detroit when I was when I was in service And I was in Germany Uh Most of my friends were from Michigan And as a matter of fact no one really believed that I was from Texas Um Interviewer: How come 847: I didn't have that southern {D: Tracking} About me Um Always talked very quickly You know Um and And I think my speech is more refined I have a southern black Interviewer: Yeah that's it 847: Youngster Going into school you know like Fresh out of high school Going into service Um And Like people in New York kids grow up in New York Um somewhat a little bit Faster than kids that grow up in Waco and Dallas And you know kids in Dallas a little bit faster than the ones in Waco Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know there's that city traffic and And Somehow or another I was Just a little bit Advanced struggling this you know like uh they just didn't want to believe that I was from Texas Interviewer: That's interesting 847: Um {NS} I never really talked With a slow drawl I My my drawl has gotten Worse a whole lot at that And that's primarily because of my association Interviewer: Yeah 847: Um Interviewer: Yeah saying that this will be {X} 847: Well that's like on the telephone I don't sound very black I sound more like More or less like Uh maybe a white farmer around here {NS} Interviewer: Yeah you do to me too #1 Or # 847: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Or a Southerner you know # 847: #2 You know people # Yeah you know I don't sound like a black southerner Interviewer: #1 Uh-uh # 847: #2 on the phone and # You know and I and I fool a lot of people you know I don't Just not anything intentional {NW} I remember when I was recruiting jobs When I was a job development coordinator And there's this company blue diamond Which uh supplies construction materials Off uh You know uh contractors when I was there And I had this beautiful rapport with the Personnel manager And the uh foreman over there at uh blue diamond but they hadn't ever seen me {NW} I always talked to them on the phone {NW} So when we came up with all this business about affirmative action Well blue diamond happened to have some federal contracts because it's a national company {NS} And I call this fellow {D: with me} I was talking to him {NS} And he said you know I got to have me some blacks over here said I don't have any you know And he said why don't you try and hire me some Well that's the easiest thing for me to do because that's all I was seeing over in south Dallas {NW} And Martin Luther King center which was crossroads then {D: only blacks who came in there} And I did a super job for him so one day I call him and {NW} He said hey Cal I said how you doing he said uh {NS} He said I need me some more people he said but let me tell you what {NW} Don't send me any more of them niggers you know what I'm talking about Interviewer: {NW} 847: I said yeah I know what you're #1 Talking about I see # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: Too many of them myself Interviewer: {NW} 847: You know I see them every day around here {NW} Interviewer: That's great 847: Finally one day he said when do you want to come over and have coffee with me And I showed up Interviewer: Oh that is 847: And Interviewer: So funny what did he do 847: He just I started laughing I made it easy for him Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: I said you didn't expect me did you Interviewer: {NW} 847: #1 He said my God # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 He said you didn't even # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: Curse me out Interviewer: {NW} 847: I said no I said you know I said I understood what you were talking about {NW} And I said too much of anything ain't good for you you know {NW} It's just the fact that He needed to break down what was going on there And I have found like in working situations As an example here There is better office relation whereas since you have Black brown and white Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Only thing my office is Totally black {NW} And I probably get less production sometimes than what I would really need to get And less respect out of my all black environment in here Interviewer: Why do you think that is I mean why aren't these better at {X} 847: You keep people more honest number one Uh {NS} You very rarely find Uh black white and brown in an office And all three of them going to be doing something for you as a boss at the same time you can break them up you can create Uh {NS} Not confusion But you can divide You can divide Uh you you have people working Uh I find that white people understand work ethic ethics Better than blacks and browns You know white #1 People # Interviewer: #2 Puritan # Puritan 847: Yeah you know Interviewer: Work ethic 847: Yeah you know they understand that hey you know this is hustle and bustle if you don't make it You ain't going to make it here You know sometimes I find that blacks will use Uh It's all like an inherited thing No matter how hard I work I'm not going to get it any further Interviewer: No 847: You know But then that's a lie nowadays You know you can work hard And if you really work And do your work well and and you exceed And excel And if you excel and can exceed what others are doing {NS} You going to get ahead I don't care who you are {NW} But my people have to learn that it's hard work not short corners that's going to get what where you want to go {NS} Uh and it takes more than doing eight hours a day to get you where you want to go Uh if you go to a job and work eight hours and that's it {NW} You punch in eight and you leave at five you don't spend an extra minute there You don't come to work thirty minutes early not one day you want your coffee breaks right on time {NW} You want your lunch break right on time Interviewer: Yeah 847: Then you're not going to get ahead on that job It's the fellow that puts in a little bit of extra effort And gets ahead on the job {NW} And White people understand that We haven't understood it En masse Because then the opportunities to move ahead hasn't been there Interviewer: Yeah 847: But the opportunities are opening up you know this is what I try to get my people to see Interviewer: What do you see with women do you a see a difference in attitude between men and women 847: Yeah Interviewer: How so 847: Uh There seem to have always been some opportunities available for black women And unavailable to black men As an example {NW} The first company that {NS} Started hiring black women en masse and paying them a decent salary in Dallas {NW} Was Texas Instruments And this was right about nineteen uh Sixty You know between fifty-eight and sixty when it's really start Hiring black women And they hired them as assemblers Uh they worked on Various parts of the plant operation And the manufacturing and assembling operations The only jobs that black men could get out there were working in the cafeteria and porter jobs Interviewer: Is that right. 847: And then they always bought T-I's always had a super credit union Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Gathering up all these black women Several hundred of them back then you know Early years All of them driving new cars And here their husbands are on porter jobs {NW} That job broke up more homes than you can really imagine Interviewer: That is very interesting 847: Uh Then as it progressed Uh it was in the {NS} Late sixties Early seventies at southwestern bell Started opening up and hiring minority women There was no place for a man at southwestern bell there were no porter jobs They didn't have any black installers Uh Black line men that sort of thing truck drivers Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Maintenance Uh crews {NW} Only thing they did was work custodial work in the building I remember my mother telling me Oh when you get out of high school I sure hope you can get you a porter job at the gas company {NS} That was a good job Interviewer: That was the the ultimate 847: Yeah To work at the gas company And have a porter's job Well Then {X} TI opened up Um Southwestern bell In the mid sixties late sixties early seventies {NW} Western electric Built a plant here {NW} Uh then the affirmative action Plans for the insurance companies you saw them put in Uh People in the insurance companies with banks started opening up {NW} Uh only job my wife has ever had was Working in the bank Uh she uh Was head teller at one of the major banks downtown Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh That might have just happened in the last couple years they get to have tellers now But then I can remember when I have a lesser job And my wife had a nice little clean job That I noticed a difference in her attitude toward me You know we were very young you know {D: And then there was an attitudal difference} And uh {D: I've always been pretty sharp and I told her what that attitudal difference was} I said now let me tell you something I said now your opportunities seem to have been a little bit better than mine so far as you're getting a cleaner job {NW} I said well that doesn't make you being more than me as my wife and I said if you're making A million dollars a year {NW} You have to respect me as your husband And I think that might be the reason why you you find some black men come up with that {NW} Super macho attitude Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh 847: #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Overcompensation # 847: Yeah and it's overcompensation because There's a need or lack of {X} {NS} And Interviewer: That's very interesting 847: Like Today There are very few black men in this town With desk jobs working in a nice clean office environment And there's thousands of black women who are In nice clean office jobs {NW} And a good clean working #1 Environment # Interviewer: #2 Why do you think that is # 847: It's because of the industry in Dallas in particular Uh You have a bank and insurance uh uh Uh Electrical I mean drug electrical components and and computer Taking over software hardware market here Interviewer: Yeah 847: Now unless Males go in at the top level of these jobs {NW} On a professional highly skilled level Then you don't really get into the capital And But then the opportunities are made and once people get in {NW} Have training programs and that sort of thing that move Women up Um There are I know several girls that work at a telephone company Two or three of them I've gotten that for them That through references uh Working with uh civil rights programs and affirmative action so forth {NW} Opened up a lot of things with southwestern bell I think you remember when the telephone company was sued two years ago Um Nationally they were sued for the Discrimination discriminatory practices such as testing procedures and that sort of thing in the hiring practices of {NW} Minorities and women Well then that started opening things up too But uh as I look at the job market And and what has been available And it just hasn't been a whole lot available Uh so far as for black men to move up Into certain areas of work Um So customers would like to say this created a lot of problems And uh Interviewer: {X} 847: And particularly when {NW} The average Uh black male who is intelligent And i- Is at uh Academic training high institution {NW} Their wives or their women make just as much money as they're making Most of the time Because they usually they'll want to marry Someone with the same aspirations same education level and that sort of thing {NW} And uh They end up making a lot of concessions at home {X} Giving up Male dominance as a means of getting along with a partner who can assist them And sacri- That they sacrifice that just to get along You know Uh Wife is buying the car you'll be paying the house loan {NW} It always felt like maybe it's that You know American thing in me American machoism {NS} Is that the man is supposed to carry the biggest burden Of the responsibility But then this cannot be the case When men They're earning Capacity is about the same Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know what you do is you end up really splitting it {NW} You know so like when I look at the liberal movement {NW} of the White female Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Well hell you know the white woman has always had that sort of freedom and liberty at home because she's had {NW} Responsibilities that her white counterpart Hasn't really ever had Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's true #1 {D: You know in Burbia} # 847: #2 You know # Interviewer: {X} Where I live and where I grew up uh there's almost a class difference between the men and the women because the men make three times #1 As much as we # 847: #2 Ah yeah # Interviewer: Could ever make 847: And they act like it too Interviewer: You bet {NW} Oh they love no believe me 847: You see you cat- But now you got You catch some brother coming home with that attitude Interviewer: {NW} 847: He's just He might Interviewer: {D: He's mighty right} 847: #1 If if if he's a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: Cop #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: This is Interviewer: {D: Why are we talking about this kind of power} 847: You know get out of my house #1 And I know # Interviewer: #2 Really # 847: Of white fellows getting kicked out of the house {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Because they've made just Were not taking care of maid's responsibilities in the house Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: You know Uh Interviewer: Well that was really {X} To say considerably more equal 847: Well it it needs it needs to be more equal and I I I'll tell you that uh Uh Men who think that it'll make a great big difference {NW} It doesn't make a big difference If you're with somebody that's lucky they don't look at the money they make or what they're paying for Interviewer: Yeah but it's not always that simple 847: No no it's it's not that simple explaining it to the average man {NW} Just like I was lucky enough to grow up around And be raised by some very strong Not intimidating but not doubled women And I grew up learning how to respect Womanhood And respecting strong women who were independent In order to have them you know I wasn't intimidated by it {NW} And I I'm not intimidated by strong women now Often time I wanted to In in my work and in my the social environment that I'm in I associate with a lot of very strong Intellectual And sharp black women And One of the biggest problems they have is finding a compatible relationship with men Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And black men Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And often times they'll say you know looks like I'm going to find me a white man {NW} Uh Interviewer: Tell them that they're ain't any 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: #1 I well # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: Well you're supposed to keep them looking around Interviewer: That's right {X} 847: But as you will notice like that Most of your super stars Uh like entertainers and so Black females You only see them admiring white men And reason being It is kind of hard for them to find a black man on their level Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's interesting mm-hmm 847: You know It's it's real trip You know I could go through just uh You know there's people {X} Who have uh committed suicide uh {B} Um uh {B} Uh Interviewer: {X} #1 With a white man # 847: #2 That's # Yeah Um uh {NS} You know I could just go on and on {D: You know when I can look back} And people you know like black men actors you know {X} That's because it's so difficult to find One of you who want to respect her Instead of you know lifting her up and being a companion you want to tear her down {NS} Um I remember when uh Um Interviewer: Gosh that's so interesting you get overcompensation in the black males but with with white males the problem is that uh they're not overcompensating they've just always had this power 847: Always had the power Interviewer: Comes naturally they're so surprised if you want if if their their wife or their girlfriend or whatever wants more 847: Well I when when Aretha Franklin her first husband Uh {NS} He was one of the local pimps out of Detroit Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Here she came from a deeply religious family her father's pastor of one of the Largest black churches in the country Uh and an evangelist Uh it was back in the old country And she sang in the church choir of course where she got Uh music ability and talents Uh But instead of Ted loving her and treating her like a wife He was busy always trying to make her feel less than what she was Interviewer: Hmm 847: Uh and she really didn't ever understand that {NW} Uh it it it drove her to narcotics It almost And almost killed her Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Uh You know and I knew Ted's cousin like I said I knew a bunch of cats in Detroit when I was in service {NW} So my association with people in Detroit Uh was perhaps on a social level Was Larger scale in my association with people in Dallas And uh You know She loved Ted She could have made him a million dollars but he was too busy trying to make her Feel like she was less than what she was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And it was because he felt inferior to her Interviewer: Mm-hmm they finally split up I think 847: Yeah they finally split up it was but it was just the good Lord's will {NW} That it happened because he had almost driven {D: a state of oblivion} Interviewer: Hmm 847: I and I've seen this in I have a lot of cases like that Interviewer: That's so sad it has to go that far before they you know part company 847: Oh like uh take Diana Ross Uh The cat that she married he can have uh {NS} What do you think about having been a great big super star and dude she married was a {NS} An agent He didn't have a lot of money he wasn't into anything Um And if he had been black she probably would have married him {X} But it was just the fact that Uh I have a friend of mine who used to uh Date her before they got to be Supremes and got famous Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And {NS} She's a very refined and cautious lady And trying to look around and find a love on her level It's kind of hard to do Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: You know how many people have been where she's been how many people has done what she's done Interviewer: Yeah 847: As black Interviewer: Yeah 847: Very few And those males that have gone that far I can guarantee you somebody got them before they got that far #1 They recognized # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: The quality #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: They caught them in high school Interviewer: {NW} Well you know it must be too a real psychological uh wrench to uh start looking for somebody that's just great you know 847: Yeah Interviewer: Because of the variance everybody's raised to it now that must be a real 847: It's it can be traumatic Interviewer: Yeah just in itself if you can find anybody who 847: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 Has # 847: The trauma comes with uh Peer group of Acceptance Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Um A relative acceptance You know you got to deal with your family too Interviewer: Yeah oh gosh 847: Um But then we have grown up perhaps In an environment too of acceptance due to the fact {NW} That most blacks have some sort of white blood in them {NS} I have a relative of as who Has that high yellow Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know and we used to have another little saying to go with that White and bright damn near white got to be right Interviewer: {NW} That's funny 847: #1 Yeah you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: This girl works over in a planning department she's very Splendid you know she's probably over sixty Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And she feels embarrassment to say that to me but I only say it jokingly people have done that And it's a matter of resentment And ridicule and scorn Like my sister And my mother was a {D: well-read} But my grandfather my sister didn't even lie to him and would Very straight head Uh {NS} She suffered A lot of ridicule from my Cousins who Adopted Now they used to call her names like uh {NS} You know what uh Baby Fecal material looks like Yeah yellow And they used to {X} That old shit colored nigger you know {NW} And if she called either one of them a little snot {D: Or assaulted them} She got whipped for that {NW} But if they called her that It was no big deal So she had to grow up With a protective plate here Interviewer: Yeah 847: Of accepting insults Because she's different Interviewer: Yeah 847: So there's a lot of that that was going on Uh they wouldn't Within families So when you start looking around for you know uh {NS} Saying that well you know Jack is going with that white woman over there Sue is courting that white man It doesn't make a difference because it's been going on all the time Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: You know but uh so then the acceptance is a little bit Uh black people accepted A lot more than Interviewer: Than the 847: #1 Than the whites # Interviewer: #2 Whites # 847: Do Because then we have seen more evidence of it right in the community and {NW} And in the family Interviewer: Yeah 847: This is my wife's father His wife Uh So when my son came home and he had a white girlfriend it didn't bother me his grandfather's white Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: You know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: But now I would imagine Interviewer: It might have bothered her parents 847: Yeah in particular her daddy Somehow now my mother didn't care But the father you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Big deal well technically Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Uh And I can understand why I understand his you know his thinking And it doesn't bother me I just tell him I told my son is that uh Just be careful You know I uh Always made him have and I still want you know I I grew up in era that's you just didn't lie around with no white woman at night Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Can't lie around in the daytime either Him growing up You know so then I have found myself Even as young as I am Worried about where my son is if he's out with her Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And that should be no concern you know Interviewer: Yeah 847: I'm not bothered by that As much nowadays {NS} Interviewer: Go you know what I'm supposed to be asking you about um farm stuff so I better get to my farm stuff 847: Yeah Interviewer: Um 847: Well we've talked another hour worth of tape Interviewer: Yeah this is a lot more interesting than the farm stuff {X} But let's ask you the farm stuff um yeah let me ask you what kind of heat did you have in the house 847: Well in that in that house in O'Donnell you know the little Stuck old flat I was telling you about Interviewer: Yeah 847: Um We had a coal burning stove It would burn wood too Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh {NS} And there was I remember the It was made out of the Blue steel My galvanized blue steel Interviewer: Oh yeah yeah 847: #1 Like # Interviewer: #2 Well # {D: A rife barrel} 847: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah 847: That little stove Uh {NS} Then I remember that first The stove at school That first stove Stove was a big what we called a pot belly Big iron stove Big old thing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And you had to shovel coal in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: The top And then the ash fell down to the bottom and you'd scoop it out of the bottom You know it would fall And we'd dump it out Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Um The stove that we used to cook on In O'Donnell You know I don't really remember that stove Uh {NS} It was my gas burner It was a wood stove too Interviewer: Hmm how'd you make a fire did you 847: {NW} Um Interviewer: Newspaper 847: Newspaper Newspaper matches and kerosene Interviewer: That's dangerous 847: Well you know you You got to pretty proficient and know how to set you a fire you might have this blowing up on you a couple of times Interviewer: Yeah well 847: You know Interviewer: yourself 847: Like uh you know babies two years old now they uh Eighteen months wants to burn their finger they say hot Hot Well you know you learn what's hot when you get to dealing with kerosene and it blows up on you Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know Interviewer: Those 847: So Interviewer: You just had to have them 847: Yeah Interviewer: Oh what happened if the can blow up or 847: Well it's all like an explosion it was just a very big one {N} And it blows out on you Now I but I knew a lot of people that had happened to and they got burnt severely I was just lucky now that I never really got burned really bad Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Um and I remember that galvanized stove {NW} It would get red hot I mean like you know how steel gets in a steel mill Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And it would seem like the fire was going to come through the wall the thing would get so hot {NS} You know But uh and you were not to get next to it Interviewer: Sure 847: Not stand too close to it unless you caught your clothes on fire {NW} I was scalded back of my calf now I got too close to one So it's not real not a terrible scar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: But I remember what it's from you know {D: pick somebody I snatch} I backed up against the stove you know Interviewer: Very distinct #1 Memory of that # 847: #2 Yeah # Very distinct #1 Memory of that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: And I don't even get close to stoves now Interviewer: I think I wouldn't either after experiencing that 847: Uh Then we had In Calvin There was this huge Cooking stove the one we cooked on it had an oven It had a Five uh Things on the top you know you'd lift them out and you could touch your skillet in it and the heat would come up to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And that was a dang good old stove that stove baked as well as anything gas today {NS} Uh {NS} Then we left After you know In Houston {NW} Um That part of the family there they always had a little more modern things Uh we had you know the {D: recliner} Uh Gas heaters And that was the little galvanized heater {NW} What uh the uh Sort of a asbestos Opening stuck in it and And the fire would run up the side of it I guess it would trap {NW} The gases in it and burn them off to keep them from uh {NW} Uh going out into the room Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And that was made out of it was It was a galvanized type So then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And then came the stoves with the little brick hats on them you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh so I guess we graduated with the stoves like everybody else did Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh Interviewer: Hmm 847: Air conditioning was a thing that uh We didn't have air conditioning until I got into high school Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: I went uh the window water fans Interviewer: #1 Yeah I heard of those # 847: #2 Um # {D: And then there was a little Emerson fans} It never blew directly on you it might you would wake up and it would blow on the walls those things would Interviewer: {NW} 847: The rotating fan Interviewer: Yeah this like this 847: You know how they would go Interviewer: Yeah yeah 847: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: Every time I'd wake up the fan would be it would turn around to the wall Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: I don't know what Interviewer: And stop 847: It would stop #1 Hitting the wall # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: And I remember when my aunt always had heat bumps {NW} People don't have heat bumps anymore like I don't guess they do not in the city Since everybody's got hair on them {NW} But I remember she used to have these terrible {NW} Heat bumps And it come because we had some of the hottest summers that I can remember Back then I re- can remember {NW} It would be a hundred and five a hundred and ten {NW} He's got up to a hundred and fifteen Interviewer: Sounds horrible 847: Uh Interviewer: Unbearable 847: And People think I'm lying you know I the asphalt Had you know the streets uh paved that amount {NW} Is not like the old tar streets {NW} The streets would melt Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah you couldn't walk on it 847: Couldn't walk on them Interviewer: Yeah 847: And I remember when it was so hot {NW} In Dallas that dogs could not walk On the sidewalk Interviewer: {NW} 847: #1 I'm not # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: Lying #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: Yep yep I I see dogs you know they rush out And get on the cement out on that tar and they'd have to walk in the grass Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Dogs were sharp enough Not to walk on the tar Or on the sidewalk #1 Because # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 847: Sidewalks were hot {NW} That was the year {NS} I remember some news item came out That Someone had put an egg On the street and it cooked Interviewer: I've never even heard of #1 That # 847: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Never heard of that # 847: #2 It really happened # Interviewer: {X} 847: It did Interviewer: Well you know I didn't know that it was so hot in my hometown until I've left but every time I tell anybody I was from Wichita Falls They said oh yeah the hottest place in the world I go for you 847: Is it Interviewer: {NW} And then sure enough every almost every summer up here for two or three weeks at a time the hottest place in the nation {X} 847: That's right its awfully hot there Interviewer: Yeah it does but it's dry you know so it's not it's not too bad it's kind of that way when it it's dry um let's see did you ever have a house with a fireplace 847: House with a fireplace Yeah {NS} Interviewer: What do you call that that thing above the fireplace where you might set clay {NS} 847: Oh I think we called that the mantle Interviewer: Okay uh there's usually a place in front of the fireplace where it kind of sticks out you know like um I guess you'd sit on it you know when you're making fire or something What do you call that {NS} 847: I don't know Interviewer: I never called it #1 Anything either # 847: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: We never had a fireplace when I was growing up uh what do you call those things in the fireplace that you lay the wood across um usually metal things {NS} 847: That was either we called that either a hearth or a hearth I don't know uh {NW} We didn't call them hearth I think I remember calling them hearth Interviewer: Okay um do you remember a great big piece of wood in the back like at night {X} The heat would reflect out in the room what what did you have did you have a name for that big piece of wood in the back {NS} 847: I remember my step father calling it something because The draft from the wind And the chimney {NS} Would make the Fire greater and he would call it the big something but it I forgot what it was you know it just I don't remember what it what what what he called it Interviewer: A lot of these questions are like that because they're um they're really geared towards older people and you know you get somebody who's sixty-five or older they go oh yeah that's what 847: Yeah let me tell you #1 What it is # Interviewer: #2 For a lot yeah # 847: I missed that though Interviewer: But that's one of the interesting things about this is we can see where the cutoff point is because you know people over such and such an age and people under such and such age don't know the expression you know but that's good you know just tell me huh I don't know that um what do you call that black that goes up in the chimney you know 847: That's soot Interviewer: Okay and let's see oh tell me what kind of uh leather furniture you had usually what kind of stuff did you have with leather 847: I started to say sofa But we called it divan Interviewer: Well is there a difference between sofa and divan or they're the same thing 847: They're the same thing I guess Interviewer: {X} 847: #1 You know you know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: The The divan was the biggest thing in the room Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And three or four people could sit on it Interviewer: Yeah okay 847: Uh Uh there was the uh Always a rocking chair Uh And the big chair was always a big chair You know like what do they call them now Interviewer: I hear they call them daddy's chair {NW} 847: Yeah #1 You know it was just # Interviewer: #2 It's a big chair # 847: Big chair Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know but then Sofa didn't come to me until later years I I didn't start uh recognizing sofa until I was Um I guess uh in my mid teens Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And I started You know that sofa surfaced to me Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Uh but a divan Was just a divan and maybe it was maybe the divan might have been A brand name Interviewer: I don't know #1 Might be # 847: #2 I don't know # You know #1 But uh I just remember # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: {NW} Um it wasn't a sofa You know the sofa thing every time I see a sofa now I'm tempted to say divan Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 847: So Interviewer: What did I call it I guess I would call it a {NS} 847: Oh wait a minute I have another one Couch Interviewer: Couch that's what I would call it 847: Yeah yeah Interviewer: I couldn't I couldn't think of #1 The word # 847: #2 Yeah # Yeah well you see Divan was first couch second and sofa last Interviewer: Okay right I get it {NW} 847: {NW} Interviewer: Uh let's see oh what do you call a piece of furniture that you put in the bedroom has drawers in it you put your clothes in it fold fold things up socks and that sort of thing what is it 847: A chester drawer Interviewer: Okay you ever hear it called anything else 847: Um {NS} Yeah but I forget {NS} I remember hearing that not too long ago {NW} Interviewer: Okay is there a difference between chifforobe and the chester drawer or are they the same thing 847: Same thing Interviewer: Okay 847: Unless the chifforobe was the was the one with a mirror on it {NW} That I call a dresser Interviewer: Oh okay okay yeah now if it has a mirror I call it dresser too but 847: Yeah I don't even know how you would even begin to spell chifforobe {NW} I just remember that that's what it sounded like Interviewer: You know I've never even heard that word before I started doing this 847: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah a lot of people call it that a lot of people 847: Still do too Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Yeah Interviewer: But mostly older 847: Yeah Interviewer: Older people 847: {X} {NS} I remember my grandfather having {NW} A wardrobe closet And it was a thing that stood High Would have a mirror on it In the front Interviewer: Oh 847: On the door you know had a door a lot like uh Maybe four feet long or tall however you want to say it And inside was a place to hang Coats uh Shirts Suits excuse me pants Very small space like this {NW} Into the side of it Had these little drawers in them Very uniquely made you know and that was a dresser {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: I want no wardrobe closet Interviewer: Oh okay this is a yeah 847: And and he called it a wardrobe closet This here Interviewer: Did you have a place to put your hats like a shelf on 847: Keep a little shelf right there But it was a piece of furniture not a closet Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Just a piece of furniture Interviewer: I think my grandparents had one except I think I don't think it had drawers it wasn't that fancy it was it had it had two doors and it was all hanging stations and shelf I think at the top and and uh maybe shoes down at the bottom something like that but it didn't have drawers {NS} 847: And there was the iron beds Interviewer: Iron beds 847: Mm-hmm {NS} You know you know what The big fellows you're The brass beds with the tubular type Interviewer: Yeah 847: Well then that was that was that was an iron bed And everybody had their iron bed #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Huh # 847: Uh man I I remember the first {NW} Bedroom furniture That I remember my mother buying Very fine piece of furniture And she was really proud of that furniture Because We graduated from the iron beds to that See now iron beds Had the springs that went across the bottom of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: You know And That was before And you always have to put a couple mattresses on top of #1 The thing # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 847: You know #1 You remember # Interviewer: #2 Keep you # From feeling those 847: Yes as a matter of fact I'll pass by Some antique places that I've seen the iron #1 Beds # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # I was going to say {D: They might be cut} Too 847: Yeah they did {NW} But they were sturdy beds though #1 You # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 847: Couldn't wear one out Interviewer: I'm sure that's true were they comfortable? 847: Yeah you had to kind of build them up to make them #1 Comfortable though # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: #1 You know yeah # Interviewer: #2 Pile up the mattresses # Uh what do you call those things that a window that you that you pull down to shut off the light {NS} 847: Window shade Interviewer: Okay um hmm my voice is gone it happens every time I record something my voice 847: That's what I was telling you #1 About # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: Me and the cold weather Interviewer: I better go have my hearing check I wonder if I've got hearing loss uh oh what do you call the space at the top of the house that's just under the roof you store things up there 847: {NW} Interviewer: Sometimes they're big enough to walk around in sometimes they're not that tall 847: It became an attic to me later but we always called them a loft Interviewer: Oh you did that's interesting did you all uh keep boxes and stuff and the old furniture and stuff up there or 847: Yeah whatever you didn't want to use but you didn't want to throw it away Interviewer: Yeah right 847: That's what went up in the loft Interviewer: Yeah okay okay 847: And when I first had heard of attic I just didn't relate to attic Interviewer: {NW} 847: And it's kind of I mean you know I relate to attic now {X} Come in {NS} Aux: Good morning excuse me would you like to have some tea {NS} Interviewer: That's okay {NS} {X} 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Sometimes when I'm trying when I'm trying to get somebody to to tell me something that they always say like sometimes it's a dirty word or something they don't want to say it in front of me you know 847: Yeah Interviewer: But I'm trying to get them to tell me for the record I'll say oh come on I won't tell anybody 847: {NW} Interviewer: That means they'll go ahead and tell me they know it's on tape 847: {NW} Know it's on the tape Interviewer: Yeah um did you have a little room off the kitchen where you put canned goods and extra dishes and stuff like that 847: Yeah Interviewer: What did you call that 847: There wasn't pantry {NS} Store room Interviewer: Okay the same thing as pantry 847: #1 Same thing as # Interviewer: #2 You call it the same thing now # 847: They're the same thing Interviewer: Okay um what would you call a bunch of old worthless things that you're going to that you're about to throw away just haven't gotten around to throw them away yet or give them to goodwill or whatever {NS} 847: I don't know I relate to it as being junk Interviewer: Okay did you have a did you put junk in the attic or did you have another place where you threw the junk 847: Well there was good junk And bad junk Interviewer: Yeah 847: The good junk went up in the loft Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: You know And if it was something you really didn't care about You'd set it outside Interviewer: What happened to it 847: {NW} Back then people didn't steal that much {X} Interviewer: Nobody would steal it 847: Nobody would steal it Interviewer: Um what all kinds of stuff do did women have to do women or whoever the one who's doing it to you know the house is dirty and they were having company come over they'd have to do what 847: {NS} Straighten up Interviewer: Okay 847: Yeah Interviewer: Um have you ever heard uh red up to red up the house 847: Yeah Interviewer: I haven't heard that oh yeah well since I started doing this I started hearing that 847: {NW} That would be like if you were in the kitchen they would say {NW} Get on up into the front of the house Interviewer: Get on up 847: Get on up into the front of the house Interviewer: Right {NW} 847: {X} Interviewer: It's like up and down confusion 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} We don't use the word {D: like that} Uh what do you call that thing that you sweep with 847: {X} Interviewer: Okay um oh what do you call that thing that if you had a two story house we'd call that thing we we use to get to the first floor or the second floor {NS} 847: Stairs Interviewer: Okay but the outside would you call it the same thing 847: Uh When I was young I called it big steps Interviewer: Right {NW} 847: Yeah but I think now it's stairs to me Interviewer: Uh-huh okay um you mentioned had a a front porch or a back porch 847: Yeah we had a front porch One Each place had a porch Interviewer: Uh-huh in front 847: Front porch And at the house in Calvin there was a back porch {NW} Uh one duplex we lived in had a screen in Side porch That we called a screen in back porch Wasn't in the back because there was a bedroom in the back and no door {NW} Back there So it was those five screened in Porch Interviewer: Either in the back or in the front 847: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah what would you call it would you still call it a porch or would you call it something else if it went like all the way across the front of the house and maybe all the way down one side you see them and they're pretty big 847: I remember older people Before I started saying porch it was a gallery Interviewer: That's interesting 847: You know going on the gallery Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 847: You know that's where the swing was You know a swing would be out on the gallery Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know {NS} Interviewer: {X} #1 What if it was a # 847: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What if it was on the second story would you call it a porch or 847: Uh {NS} Porch now I call it a balcony Interviewer: Okay um if the doors are open and you don't want that way you might tell somebody to get up and 847: {NS} I would say shut the door Interviewer: Okay 847: Uh {NS} Here recently I'm saying close the door please Interviewer: {X} I say shut the door too 847: Yeah Interviewer: {NW} Uh oh what would you call the boards on the outside of the house that overlapped each other 847: {NW} Planks Interviewer: Okay okay ever heard them called anything else {NS} 847: Uh {NS} No Interviewer: Okay um how old were you when you learned to drive 847: {NS} Ten Interviewer: Ten #1 How'd you manage # 847: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: That 847: {NS} Well you know I told you my aunt was uh at was a double amputee {NW} And uh She bought a new car Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And She always had to have somebody chauffeur her around And since I was growing tall she figured that it would be You know in due time by the time I got to twelve That I could do all the chauffeuring around Interviewer: Oh 847: And uh I remember the first time I was always sharp enou- you know I was sharp enough to watch people Shift into gears you know and I would see you know mash in on the uh What do you call the thing That's {NW} #1 The clutch # Interviewer: #2 Clutch # 847: Clutch Interviewer: {NW} 847: Haven't had a clutch in so long in a car Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And uh This fellow took me out on a country road there He could have taken me down main street in O'Donnell Interviewer: #1 Yeah right # 847: #2 {NW} # {NW} Barely outside of town And I'm here I am shifting gears looking at my feet {NW} And I'm so scared into death {NW} Because I'm trying to figure out Get the coordination Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: I'm off the gas on the brake to the clutch Interviewer: Right 847: And I was Really didn't even fit my feet he almost had a heart attack Interviewer: {NW} 847: #1 I was going like # Interviewer: #2 You were right there # 847: Sixty miles an hour {NW} Trying to get my feet right {NS} {NW} Interviewer: No what a raw tale 847: Yeah {NW} You know the Lo- The Lord protects fools and children Interviewer: {NW} 847: He was a fool and I was a Interviewer: You were a child 847: {NW} Interviewer: That's funny I remember the first time I ever drove I was in driver's ed in high school I got thirty miles an hour and it scared me to death because I I see trees whizzing past you know feels like I was just racing down the road now I get impatient if somebody goes thirty miles an hour 847: Yeah well that was a real trip up I guess I've had some narrow escapes in my life that was one And I didn't it didn't frighten me I asked him so what are you scared of Interviewer: Yeah what's the big deal 847: Yeah and I was I was a real smartass too Interviewer: {NW} 847: No really I just I was a brat too I remember that That I would challenge I recognize that some of the older black people were They were illiterate and ignorant And with my growing up around my aunt You know being ten eleven years old and you start really knowing that you kin- that you know something that older people don't know {NS} Uh Like you know I did yeah that was real fun {NS} {NW} Sure they just hated you for it too I don't know they might have been hollering at the No I I think they liked me really liked me and I can remember people saying {NW} That's a good boy and I said deal with it Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 847: He's a good boy Interviewer: {NW} 847: And there was this gentleman who used to come see my aunt And I always thought And She got to be my aunt After I got in high school in Dallas Because it was just wasn't very proper saying auntie Interviewer: Oh that's what you called her though when you lived with her 847: And she was Aunt Dorothy Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 847: You know wasn't no Aunt Dorothy none of that business Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 847: And it was Aunt Dorothy Interviewer: Aunt yeah 847: That's right And he was He was coming to call into court Interviewer: Oh I see 847: Totally illiterate old gentleman but he was real suave Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: You know Uh no matter how he lived with people uh there's always that Masculine thing that's got to come out of him Interviewer: Yeah 847: #1 And he would come by # Interviewer: #2 Come by # 847: He would come by He would come by and sit and she would ask him a question she Oh Mister Fields have you ever been to Some place you know Yes Misses Giddings Interviewer: {NW} 847: I has been to Galveston um uh Galveston Texas Interviewer: {NW} 847: I was in Galveston {NW} Oh it could have been some time ago Interviewer: {NW} 847: And he was very proper you know and he would say And she would ask him if he could handle saying a revelation about something he'd say {NW} Oh I does I certainly does Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Man he used to {D: stress} Me out because I knew better at age ten than to say I does Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: He didn't And it was I would be you know like rolling Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And when he would leave And she would say What are you doing I would say I does I does {NW} Interviewer: Rat 847: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah but he was a real trickster that old man {NW} But he's very nice now Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 847: Um He always had some Magic medical potions You know he worked at John Sealy Uh As a orderly I guess Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And it was something he always learned how to make when he was down there Interviewer: Oh 847: And he was coming right up with these home remedies Made up like they were real laboratory Geniuses Interviewer: Oh yeah God it's just like what do they give to you {NW} Did you ever try any of them 847: Yeah Interviewer: Did it work 847: It worked Interviewer: Can't not make it work can you 847: {NW} My mother told me about some sort of a fad That A lady made it was made up out of Lye {NS} Animal fat Coal ashes and something else And this person had during that time have cancer {NW} And Whatever this was that they made up they applied it To his tumor And in due time This thing just lifted up out of the socket Interviewer: Ew 847: Like you cut a corn out Interviewer: Mm 847: And Interviewer: Incredible 847: This person the doctor said was going to die within a few days or weeks or whatever it was Interviewer: Oh 847: They had no cure And uh whatever this was that this lady made up And she told me how to make that stuff The same thing with the stuff I was telling you about this man made up {NW} He made it out of grape fruit juice And some other things And was Not like a lac- It was like a laxative But it had Sort of a purifying effect it cleaned your whole body out Your elimination would be as black as this pebble Interviewer: Horrid 847: But It Like On a high blood pressure indigestion That sort of thing like if a person ate too much and they had {NW} What they called back then the {D: colic} And the {D: colic} Came from eating uh Cabbage and other foods that would uh Spoil real quick And people would get real sick {NW} But this stuff that this man made up It would make It even changed make people's complexion better {NW} {D: They got all the impuritans out of their body you know just just} Like a flushing system And you'd have to drink this stuff for about a week {NW} And I always said I would remember how to make it because I know how it made It made you feel just completely new after you drank it Interviewer: Hmm did it taste bad 847: It didn't taste good but it didn't taste like castor oil Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And if you could sweeten that with sugar I don't know I just can't remember what it was #1 But it was # Interviewer: #2 Huh # Modern medicine I think has a lot to learn from things like that I you know I have to pick and choose which one but to reject them all is stupid 847: Yeah to reject all of them it really is stupid because Uh Some things that happen to people today And we let them go Uh They did work You know old remedies did work Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh It could be that Modern science and technology What has really happened Lot of things in this credit existence as a means of uh This is my estimation of what has happened {NS} To sell something {NW} You know You you'll have someone will come along with a Manufactured item and say it's better than this or that Um it has these properties in it And this is the the the nutritional value Uh this is the vitamin content and so forth And they spell it out and they say this is no good or this you know {NW} Uh and I know darn well that it does work Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh My aunt used to make up something it had uh Cinnamon in it Uh I don't know what the hell what all was in there it had a petroleum jelly {NW} And it made people's hair grow Interviewer: Really 847: Yeah She uses it {D: pressing all everything} I haven't seen anything like it on the market Um That Whatever that formula was it went to Agree with him Interviewer: Hmm 847: Uh Interviewer: Too bad you didn't write it down 847: That's right {NS} There was a fellow that use to shine shoes in Dallas {NW} Who had Something he made up some sort of a paste It can make your shoes stay shined a week And why you know you know silicones and all this business Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: You know how silicone closes the pores of the shoes of the leather Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: It causes crack but this stuff let them breathe #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Very # Interesting 847: And he passed away about three years ago And I procrastinated up to his death about I was going to get him to give me that Whether it was he made it And he wouldn't tell anybody he told me once he said I might tell you one day Soon as I like you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: He ain't ever told anybody Interviewer: That's too bad I wonder what in the world it could have been probably probably never told anybody no way 847: He didn't ever tell anybody Interviewer: Huh {NS} 847: So you know like uh Ignorant people I would say not ignorant illiterate people and to me there's a difference between ignorance Interviewer: Yeah and 847: And illiteracy Interviewer: Yeah 847: Uh Uh They were they were ignorant but not illiterate Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: You know Interviewer: And real shrewd some of them 847: Well they might have been wait no they were illiterate they're not ignorant They knew things that Perhaps a literary genius Being literate Would not permit you to know But here's this illiterate person Who is not ignorant Who knew a lot of things That literate people don't know Interviewer: Yeah yeah that's an interesting point about how literacy for uh for actually for men {X} 847: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 You don't # Consider something worth knowing 847: That you bypass like Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm that's real interesting you know that's really one of the things that this survey is for because um one thing I did originally when restarting was to preserve some old things to get some older people well actually it was originally for all older people it started like in nineteen twenty-nine and they went out and got these Seventy-five year old people in New England and got recipes and and remedies and things like that 847: {NW} You know it's it's like it's {NW} I know I know a number of con men I grew up catching with con men and Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And uh {NW} The hardest people for them to con Are ignorant and illiterate people Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: The easiest person to con is the person who has literacy And who feels like he's not ignorant Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah you already know they're ignorant 847: {D: You don't lose here} Interviewer: Yeah right 847: And he can relate to being slick and sharp And then what people get conned with is they want something for nothing Interviewer: Oh yeah 847: It's very difficult to approach an ignorant uh illiterate person With a fast game They are too slow they want to say huh Explain that to me Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Well I don't believe that #1 You you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 847: Is that really the truth Oh no you're not going to get me that for nothing #1 I know better than that # Interviewer: #2 Probably # They know they're not going to get something like that 847: {NW} And they says it's not worth your time it'll get you {X} One man can get you busted real quick Interviewer: {NW} 847: Because Interviewer: {X} 847: Asking too many questions they'll go ask somebody Do you know This fellow came to me and said this or that what do you think about that Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: It's really hard to fool them Interviewer: That's interesting oh let's see what have I got here okay back to housing what we call little buildings where you keep gardening tools stuff like that {NS} 847: Well I call it store house Interviewer: Okay um say you had a house that that uh say it's like this it comes in front of the house and it's got a right angle like that and and those parts of the house are have a peaked roof like this no 847: Yeah I know what you're talking about Interviewer: Here and then there's a low place where they join do you have a name for that low place on a rooftop 847: No Interviewer: Neither did I 847: Uh-huh Interviewer: {X} Uh oh what do you call those things that go on the edge of the roof that carry water off 847: Rain gutter Interviewer: Okay um oh have any experience at all with a farm 847: Yeah you know like being in in O'Donnell Go on the farm quite a bit Interviewer: Yeah well what kind of uh what kind of buildings did they have on the farms out there 847: {NW} Well there was the {NS} Some farmers had pig pens For little pig houses you know you know There's a barn Uh We didn't call them silos though Thing where they kept the corn Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And uh the grain Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: I've forgotten what they call those Interviewer: Was it a separate building 847: Yeah People always kept In a uh Circular type building it was made circular Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And real tar most of the time Interviewer: Huh 847: Uh And there was a chicken house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh And they either called that the chicken roost Interviewer: Hmm 847: The chicken roost or the chicken house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Well I think the roost were the things that they built in there with the little Boards that run across Where the chicken was fed up on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh And then there was a little chalk-like thing with the hay in it Folded up for the hens to lay they eggs in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: I forgot what they called those things But I remember {NS} Interviewer: You remember something that they put under the hen to make her think she was sitting on on her own egg and it would make her lay 847: Yeah I don't know what they call that though Uh my grandfather had A lot of chickens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: As a matter of fact that's the only way we got to eat chicken around here It was at uh you had to get you know grow your own chicken Interviewer: Then you had to kill it too yuck 847: Yeah that was always the trick Interviewer: {NW} Did you ever do that 847: I remember perhaps wringing the neck off a couple of chickens And you know the blood just Interviewer: Oh 847: #1 And the # Interviewer: #2 Gross # 847: Chicken is flopping around Interviewer: {NW} 847: And I always hated that Interviewer: Oh that's gross yeah I don't think I'd care for that either 847: My mother My grandfather had a little banty rooster Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: It was his pet rooster {NW} And my grandfather You mentioned you thought he was a very good looking old man he was And all all the ladies were in their life I guess they might have had younger women back then Anyway Uh he had refused to buy Groceries And My mother came from Dallas Now {X} This story she related to me {NS} And she killed his pet banty rooster Interviewer: {NW} 847: And cooked it Interviewer: Oh 847: Fed it to him Interviewer: Oh that is horrible did you do it intentionally how mean why'd you do that 847: Because uh He had neglected his responsibilities to the family {NS} Interviewer: {NS} That's so funny {NW} 847: And he was looking for his rooster Interviewer: Oh go- 847: And he had a name I forgot what the name was {NW} And he would say Has anybody seen whatever his name is Interviewer: {NW} 847: And uh {NS} My grandmother was afraid of my grandfather she called him mister Williams {NW} had all the respe- They said afraid but it was a manner of respect That submissive respect that women had for their husband {NS} And she said no mister Williams I haven't seen She knew my mother had killed him Interviewer: Hmm 847: So I asked my mom I said tell me have you seen my rooster And whatever his name was let's call him Charlie {NS} She said yeah you ate it Interviewer: {NW} That's awful 847: He said what do you mean I ate him She said well you know the chicken you ate yesterday That was him Interviewer: {NW} What did he say then? 847: It made him sick He got immediately sick Interviewer: {NS} Isn't that #1 Funny # 847: #2 He # He became immediately sick and he stayed sick for {NS} A week or so {NS} He couldn't go to work Interviewer: Oh that's terrible he must have really liked that rooster 847: Yeah you know like the little rooster did tricks for him Would like see him coming down the road and go meet him and walk back with him Sit on his shoulder you know Interviewer: Oh 847: And {NW} Interviewer: That was terrible to do that to him {X} That is such a funny thing to do though gosh that's funny 847: They could have made a movie out of that one I think Interviewer: Yeah they could have 847: Yeah that was real you know And before my mother passed she passed four years ago She used to talk about Feeding her daddy his pet rooster Interviewer: {NW} Your mother had a mean streak {NW} 847: Yes she did Interviewer: {NW} 847: You know I told you my sister got married when she When she finished college Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And uh {NS} My mother didn't speak to her for five years Interviewer: Because she didn't like the guy 847: No it was just the idea That she had worked as hard as she had {NW} Thinking that she was doing the right thing sacrificing all these things {NW} And my mother was making about fifteen seventeen dollars a week here And my sister was She went to Lincoln High school She was Miss Lincoln Uh {D: She was Miss Tolleson when she was in college} Interviewer: Hmm 847: She was uh voted the best dressed girl Uh ya know and it took a lot of sacrifice You know a lot of bean cooking #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: You know uh Interviewer: But then you go 847: Yeah lot of butt kissing too #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 847: {X} You see because in the family it was supposed to go like this As the oldest You know you move the oldest one out And it's the oldest's responsibility To pick out the next one coming along And that's the reason why I was telling you even though my brother's two years older than I am I respect him as an elder Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: You know I don't argue with him You know I don't uh You know when we were kids we would fight {NW} And go on but it was always that He was left in charge Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Now with my younger brother I was in charge of him You know and like My younger brother respects me like I said {X} For nothing because he used to win them all the time {NS} You know and he was he was he wasn't cruel But he'd pick some real Questionable times to want to Discipline his younger brother Interviewer: I see 847: {NW} So Interviewer: Bad timing 847: Yeah I wasn't even now Uh with my kids I'm not a strict disciplinarian I believe in being strict in what you Uh in what you say and what you do In r- In relation to your discipline But being uh Physical in discipline I never liked that never appreciated it And of course I know when I was a kid I didn't like whippings And I knew that whippings did not curtail any of my action Interviewer: Yeah 847: So it had to be that you looked for some Psychology in dealing with kids Anyway that's uh kind of Goes back to a lot of things it was talking about there Interviewer: Well it's amazing that she could keep it up for five years without speaking to her 847: My sister would write her {NW} She would burn the letters and send them back The ashes back to her Interviewer: My gosh 847: Yeah she was Interviewer: She was mad 847: Yeah she was mad Interviewer: {NW} 847: She became obsessed with her anger Interviewer: Well she got over it though 847: Well she got over it she when she passed she was living with my sister in California Interviewer: Huh huh that's #1 Interesting # 847: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Uh what do you call the upper part of the barn where you might keep the hay {NS} 847: I forgot it I do know there was a name for it though Interviewer: What what did they do with the hay did they ever just pile it outside the barn or or put it all in the b- 847: Yeah I'd put all the hay in the barn You know if you leave hay out in the weather it'll rot Interviewer: I guess I don't know I've never thought much about hay 847: Yeah you know like uh then it Uh it wouldn't you know the cows didn't like it Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Uh when you'd leave it If you leave it out too long like that when you when you have hay Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Because uh Rain And snow and all would make it just Almost turn back to the dirt Interviewer: Oh 847: You know just water there Interviewer: Right yeah how am I doing on tape here 847: We uh {NS} About three quarters going I guess Interviewer: Okay um they ever grow hay out there did you ever see them cut hay or anything like that 847: Yeah Interviewer: When when they when it'd first come through to cut the hay then what did they do with it after they cut it 847: Uh {NS} The old machines would just throw it to the side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And then came the things that bale the hay As it went along and had wires you'd have to set These spools of wire in it And once it got so packed It would automatically It had some things that would bale it and it'd just throw it out to the side Interviewer: W- all the old machines would just throw it off to the side what did what did they do to the vent after that do you know 847: Yeah like uh yeah {X} If there was enough people around they had to come up and gather it up And bundle them things and they had like a {NW} Some tools you know like Very ingenious things they would pull Those wires and stretch them and And twist as hard as the machines would do Interviewer: Hmm because they had to bale it by hand 847: Yeah Interviewer: They had proper um what all kind of animals did they keep besides\ what you named chickens and hens what else I mean 847: There was a thing we called guinea Interviewer: Yeah yeah 847: I haven't seen a guinea since I've been grown Interviewer: There was an old woman in Wichita Falls who used to sell those little guinea eggs 847: And Interviewer: they're good 847: Um I remember thinking that guineas Peacocks Rabbits {C: siren in background} Um of course the pigs Chickens the ducks {NW} And that's the difference between ducks and geese I know some people who had geese Interviewer: {X} 847: {X} Interviewer: Oh 847: Um Cow the horses Course you had the milk cow Milk cow was standing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And if a person had Like a a bull Uh they were really doing it you know #1 That bull # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 847: You know Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh 847: Uh Uh there were Several people I knew who had donkeys Uh donkeys were really they was no real use for anything uh Interviewer: Hmm 847: Then {NS} Almost everybody had mules because horses were not good plows Never such thing as a good plow horse Mules were the best plow animals that they used Interviewer: Oh really huh 847: Yeah Interviewer: Why couldn't horses do it 847: Well uh Usually the horses were a little bit were more delicate {NW} Uh and they became It was more Horses are more easy to injure Doing farm lines working like that Interviewer: Hmm uh-huh 847: Uh now the mule Is a cross between A donkey and a horse Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Right they're all the same 847: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah 847: They're sterile there's nothing they can do Interviewer: Yeah right {NS} Uh 847: Uh let me see turkeys I know people had turkeys Rabbits Interviewer: Hmm 847: Course then tame rabbits came along a lot later because now when I was in West Texas This time of the year was the time to go to jack rabbit hunting Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Um when I jo- {NW} Jack rabbits and cotton tails Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And um The you actually had professional hunters who would go out And just kill all the rabbits that you can think of you know like people have fried rabbit Brawn rabbit Stewed rabbit smothered rabbit Interviewer: Never had rabbit 847: Never had rabbit Interviewer: Uh-uh 847: There are some places in Dallas last year I found a place that Sold corn fed rabbits And corn fed rabbit tastes A lot like chicken Interviewer: Huh I would love to try a rabbit never have tried it never never seen it 847: Well you fry a rabbit like you do chicken It's um uh flower batter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: I've known people to put meal batter on it too Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh But and jack rabbits were tougher Uh than uh Cotton tails cotton tail had a {NW} Sweeter more tender meat Sort of like the difference between veal and heavy beef Interviewer: Hmm 847: Uh but very good it was good eating and uh There were I know there I don't know where they hunted in West Texas But there were some areas that you can hunt bear and uh {NS} I remember having bear meat steak Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah Interviewer: {NS} {X} {NS} {X} 847: Alright Interviewer: {X} 847: Yeah let's see what he wants Interviewer: Okay {NS} Um you were talking about ear aches and allergies and stuff so I got all inspired and uh went to the doctor {X} For my ear ache and and was wondering what was wrong with me and he said I don't think anything's wrong with you he always said that and uh anyways he gave us antibiotics so last night I took the first one And this morning for the first time I woke up with no ear ache I mean it feels so good you know {X} 847: Antibiotics Interviewer: Yeah 847: #1 They will # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: Make you sick Interviewer: Just horrible 847: I uh {NS} Well I heard last Sometime in the last month and this morning That uh there is a {D: Drug Pamolex uh} Uh Was going to present something to the Uh {NS} What what government department is it uh that controls medication Interviewer: FDA 847: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah 847: {NS} Well the report was that {X} Has Has about as much {NS} Pain relieving qualities {NS} As an aspirin And I used to tell my doctor that when he'd give me {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: I said these things are no good they make me sick in the first place it's taking me further {NW} And this doctor's got he got a little belligerent with me said you're not a doctor and I'm like look I tell him I said {X} Are no good I said it's just It's a psychological thing that people take {X} It's a psychological thing that they'll take it This will peel off the pain Interviewer: Yeah 847: And the pain subsides Psychologically But it never did do them any good Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And I was really glad to hear that report You know uh because That medication has been oversold #1 It # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah yeah 847: It could kill you You know and uh a lot of people take it In the hopes of relieving pain And they become psychologically hooked on it and it's nothing And you think about in The inflated cost of {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah 847: You know it's just Interviewer: its Aspirin 847: Yeah Interviewer: Like an aspirin nine out of ten 847: That's right you know and if you want to get a hundred {X} You might got a {X} Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know so uh It's I just imagine that there are a lot of medications on the market That supposedly are doing various things but don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: I'm glad you told your doctor that Because getting over the ear infection You know the pain has to come from something Interviewer: I know I'm not dreaming it you know 847: And he keeps saying oh well there's nothing wrong I don't see anything {NW} Well first thing to do is take an antibiotic Uh I would prefer getting an injection you know like if you get something And the Interviewer: Yeah quick 847: And it's quicker But most of them don't want to give you antibiotics in the first place Interviewer: Yeah yeah they give you something like a {X} And then they think it'll go away I had this for two years off and on 847: You probably had an infection Interviewer: Probably something low grade yeah probably I could get more that's why I've been getting more colds and stuff 847: Yeah Interviewer: Have them 847: That's right Interviewer: Colds and flu and I had the flu like three times last year 847: {NW} He suddenly can tell you well oh that was I just gave you that to satisfy you I still don't want to use it Interviewer: That's right just to just to well towards women you know they don't have anything to do but sit around at home and think about where they hurt you know 847: Yeah well you know I I think what happens sometimes is doctors will stereotype women And they said oh well There's really nothing wrong with her I'll just give her this and get out of here Interviewer: Yeah even if you were a dog gone {X} 847: Yeah that really makes me angry to see them do that Because uh each person should be treated as an individual {NW} You know not lumped in as {NW} Well here comes another so and so here and I'll give her this pill Interviewer: Yeah right 847: You know Interviewer: Here comes another type A 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Tell me something what is the the are you ready to talk to me 847: Mm Interviewer: Oh okay I was making sure uh what i- what do you do exactly what is the nature of your job 847: {NW} The nature of my job Interviewer: And your title and all 847: My title Is the director of community development {NS} And community development has Five neighborhood centers Which we call multipurpose centers The activities that go on in the multi-purpose centers Uh things such as Man power units now man power units Uh we're man power counselors And our responsibility is to Recruit persons for jobs that perhaps have been developed Hard jobs owners that may come in And various parts in industry Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh They they're the record keeper system itself something Quite similar to what the state Uh employment agency uh Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Same type of work Interviewer: Was this for the marines or or for blacks or for 847: Well you know it's uh {NS} All persons who would fit into any kind of criteria Ironically what happens though in our program And when the program was mandated on account of this {NS} It was specifically set up at that particular time with blacks in mind {NS} Uh reason being is that uh {NS} This was in the mid sixties when uh the program was created and Being being in the mid sixties Uh words came out the garage and that sort of thing in the sixties. Uh it was determined by members of congress Uh which they had a distinguished panel of uh I guess you would consider them as uh moderate uh liberal Individuals who had Sought to have some specific programs Going to into the {NW} It came out of the fact that uh There were studies that showed That uh the black male Uh was like in in many areas {X} So we came up with a lot of what was called a man power act Training program uh that uh National companies subscribed to And were assisted through federal Uh grants such as uh Interviewer: {NW} 847: Uh since the NA contract was left to a matter of fact where our contract was left To a company like say Brennan Um {NS} And a portion of these individuals' salary was paid Uh uh three six months something like that pretending like we're train. {NW} Into the programs that uh the positions that they would assume {NW} Well out of this grew The community action programs as they are Which was basically to give the community A space of operation Or a sounding board or a testing board community. {NS} It was recognized in the sixties {NW} That minorities had little or no voice at all In those things that determine What they do on a daily basis Or throughout their whole life. The community action program Uh primary responsibility Is to organize people In the community to assist them In various things that they might need in the community. We first started off with things such as trash pick up lights Uh adequate housing uh Uh which would grow the problems which was directly concerned uh Police brutality in the communities and that sort of thing with the intention to Sensitize police men to {NW} The needs of the black community and actually the sensitivity Uh that they needed in order to deal in the community {NW} how that grew u- Uh counselors would uh Consider them being neighborhood counselors Neighborhood counselors were developed Uh in various parts of the Every community and these persons were seated on an advisory board An advisory committee {NW} That uh have direct linkage with the five neighborhood centers I was telling you about {NW} Each one of them have a community advisory board {NW} Now since the program was set up With blacks primarily in mind {NS} Most of the facilities of the community action program Are located in black communities Uh in in recent years Uh guess in the mid seventies {NW} Has been this concern The government and other entities in the community about uh ethnic entities About discrimination in the community action program uh Primarily what people were saying is that Then the program is uh Not meeting the need of poor people in general in the community {NW} Uh It seems the fact The government completely had people except these programs had forgot That there were poor whites in this country A whole lot of poor Mexicans in the country But at that time Mexicans were being carried {NS} On the Census as being white It was though this Hispanic business was just You know uh Just like uh the word Hispanic to me I probably only realized That even being it existed Two years ago And what has happened Is that man another thing is happening with the Hispanic thing {NW} That means that everybody who has a Spanish surname {NW} No matter what color they are Are thrown into this bag as a Hispanic Interviewer: Really Just by their Spanish surname Mm-hmm 847: Uh then You have the concerns of uh Like I said poor whites Mexican Americans Or Hispanics as they call them now from the government Lumping a group in of Spanish surname {NS} Uh what are community action programs doing Are they meeting the needs of all the people in the community {NW} Well I can tell you that now no Because then the program was set up {NS} With guidelines that specified that Create a necessary and feasible That person who worked in these centers That the ethnic makeup of the staff should be Similar or as close to the ethnic makeup of the community {NW} Well if you set up all the programs all the centers in black neighborhoods Well you're going to come up with All what other than if almost a totally black staff Uh Then that was a concern that I have with uh And the truth of the matter's never been told {NW} Uh federal government And other ethnic entities within a community will say well The community action program needs to be doing more But the community action program ever since In the last I would say in the last six Years to my knowledge funds have been cut {NW} Nationally and locally So how you going to expand the program Or expand the needs In the community because the needs are expanded {NW} Uh in each city in this country it is Uh population isn't going down it's going up {NW} Well the more populous an area is the more poor people it'll have Interviewer: Yeah 847: And a greater need for more facilities Or there's a greater need for more funds in the program {NS} Well you take in You bring in two more groups you pull whites and you pull Mexicans in How are you going to serve these people {NW} In a program that has been successively cut And the funding is not adequate to take care of those programs and their progress right now So you know it's it's real it comes as a bureaucratic Uh flipping post for a lot of people Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know now we have you know center {X} {NS} Like in the West Dallas center We have affiliation with planned parenthood Uh they have a clinic in the West Dallas center {NS} Uh Mental health mental retardation Is going to locate offices in the West Dallas center Uh We uh have had had strained relationships with really Baylor University's dental college And the mobile units that they used which Is a program that's funded through the seventh day adventist church And it's manned by the Baylor dental program over there With their interns uh students I don't know {D: But you pack them with students} Uh and a professor doctor From over at Baylor Now what they do is they spend ten weeks out of the year And they will locate two weeks In each of the five areas With clinics it goes Five days at a time Uh sometimes a doctor or dentist would run the clinic For two weeks in one area Now we have attempted to get Fifteen or more persons in there Uh dental hygiene work Which would be some extractions a lot of Cleaning a lot of preventive things that they will do To keep from having to do Uh the uh extractions and so forth Interviewer: Yeah 847: It's been a very successful program Uh but there has just been a few things that's been going on Uh we uh worked In areas that uh we have to have A matching share a local match share which you would consider Not consider it's called The in-kind non-federal share Now what happens with the in-kind non-federal share Is in each share we have a resource coordinator Whose responsibilities are to Seek in the community Various things such as donations and Durable goods Service Time or volunteering at uh Some point in time Uh in the program activities This counts the same as money And that's what we're saying that the community has given Uh last year give four The in-kind responsibilities Of a community action program was increased From twenty percent to forty percent Which I felt that was a Not well it wasn't very appealing to me Because then when you yeah When you try to take a program That you uh funded at a level of almost two million dollars And you're going into the community and asking for forty percent match share Interviewer: Good luck 847: You just don't get that Interviewer: Really 847: Uh then the auditors for the Community service administration {NW} And they're extremely rigid And they had assistants that would do this {NW} Now it's back down to twenty percent Because people just couldn't meet some meet their quarters they'd match Uh all the federal government did And the community service administration I feel like what they did is make a bunch of people that are liars They forced people to lie {NW} You know here in {D: questionary times it's hard as hell} {NW} To get anybody to give you a dime or a penny And when you start going out looking for Four hundred or five hundred thousand dollars What for services and goods Interviewer: Really 847: In a program You're going to just be banging your head upside brick walls somewhere Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And I think they recognize that It's impossible to do it Even though we did come up with some portion of it sometimes In-kind reports like uh every company in town who After well this is uh February they expect it the first {NW} Well that means in the middle of February The books for March will be out like uh {D: Commercial} {X} Well Now in this continent is the distribution company And what they do is they go to news stands and they bring these books in it's there on the front cover And the book's perfectly good So what we've been doing is picking up {NS} Twenty thirty thousand dollars for books Every month and distributed them to like nursing homes Uh senior citizen centers Uh county jail boys home Uh and in outlets uh like down in McKinney {D: Joaquin} Um we sold it to them there because It was current reading material Every now and then we'd sort of get them A lot of Pornographic {NW} Material in I can think of one time Interviewer: {NW} 847: When Interviewer: Into the boys club that's really 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 847: So uh that was quite comical too you know Interviewer: Yeah I guess 847: Because some of this stuff went to uh {NW} Went down to the county jail Interviewer: {NW} 847: You can about imagine how Just locked up for all this time Interviewer: Oh yeah 847: Pornographic #1 Material # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's right # 847: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's pretty funny 847: So that was a little bit of comedy involved there Interviewer: What kind of advisory council does the is the {X} Do they volunteer or are they paid 847: They volunteer Interviewer: Uh-huh where are the site centers today 847: Okay we have centers that are located {NW} In now sales pitches strategically located Interviewer: {NW} 847: In each area of the city Interviewer: {NW} 847: Uh Interviewer: {NW} 847: We have the one in {X} That's located uh In the Educational building of the Saint John Baptist Church Saint John is the largest Baptist black church in town {NW} Uh but now we don't have any religious affiliation with the church {NW} As a matter of fact we can't even locate Any of our program activities At a {NS} Building or sanctuary where a crucifix may be You know that's uh I wouldn't say that I like that because {NS} Uh the reason why I don't like it {NW} Is that I genuinely believe that {NW} Without some Religious Without religion We don't have very much to hope for in this country {NW} And then well federal programs let an atheist like Madalyn O'Hair Interviewer: Oh yeah 847: You know take prayer out of schools {NS} Uh and we look at Social programs where people need all the spiritual guidance that they can possibly {NW} That you can possibly muster to them And it's a matter of dealing with their spirit tangible things poor people really don't deal with {NW} Because they don't have very much hope of having more than what they do Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: So you've got to deal with their spirit a little bit I'm not going to preach this {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 847: But uh but we don't have any religious affiliation We supposedly have no political affiliation {NW} All we're supposed to be doing is uh Motivating people for social reasons And happen to motivate them to Bring about some social change Interviewer: Yeah 847: But I genuinely believe and I know factually That there can be no social change without political #1 Change # Interviewer: #2 Right # That's true 847: That the process of social change starts with politics Interviewer: Exactly 847: So then it's like uh I sit here and I say we have no political affiliation {NW} We don't in a sense of speaking Have any {X} Politics that are played {NS} Uh people in the community on these advisor committees {NS} They play big politics to get what they want out of this program {NW} Even after threatening to have the facilities closed boycotting {NW} Whatever they might think that they're going to break into To scare you into Providing various things for them {NW} {X} Is that It's not a real Speedy process politically in the community Because see you have Your power groups out there what I call them power brokers {NW} Your power brokers come up And then they become very political in their community Um {NS} And you end up with two or three people actually running that whole community Interviewer: Yeah 847: That I don't like because then that's not what the process is supposed to be. {NW} I complained about it But then I found very few people who will listen And listen well enough to me to say let's do something about it. Interviewer: Yeah 847: Because then they're politically minded They're political minded too . Interviewer: Yeah sure 847: So Interviewer: it's human nature. 847: Yeah you know like you just have to be a political animal nowadays. Interviewer: Yeah 847: And those persons who are not Ain't got a lot of problems. You know and I have a lot of problems sometimes I don't like politics I believe if you have something to do you do it {NW} And if there's a group of people that's out there that don't like what you're doing You tell them to go to hell You know Interviewer: And sometimes that isn't easy 847: No it's not easy as a matter of fact it can be what You would consider As being social and political suicide Um I just don't believe that uh We could have uh Very good programs without politics I think sometimes it's overplayed um {NW} You look at your city government Or your local governments They don't want these people to bother them They don't want people coming down there and disrupting city council or County commissioner's court. You know they don't want that. So then programs have been good Because then we can get a bunch of people down here on meeting nights. {NW} Like when we have a board meetings once a month Which is executive board meetings And advisory committees meet once a month in the areas And everything comes in here and I'll explain that to you in a minute. {NW} They can come in and raise all the hell they want to {NW} It's like ventilating {NW} You give them something to let off that steam there and they let off the steam {NW} Here in this program Because it wouldn't be tolerated Going out there into city hall Interviewer: Yeah 847: Wouldn't be tolerated there at the county commissioner's court Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Even though we've always had a a few activists to go down and raise hell every now and then {NW} Like Al {B} And two or three other people Interviewer: Yeah 847: But you can see how many times they'll in jail And then that they can come down and have a board you see a board He you know he does what he wants to do He'll raise all the hell he wants to {NW} And people sit here and accept it Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know because usually he's got something good to say Even if you don't want to hear it it's usually good what he's got to say {NW} But Interviewer: I bet he's a really interesting fellow 847: Quite interesting He's a very unique person tell you how unique he is {NS} I used to be his bus boy {NW} When I was in high school he was working at safari steakhouse {NW} And Interviewer: Huh 847: After that we wore turbans Interviewer: Yeah 847: And {NS} It was the {D: Sugar ray} Went to turban fight {X} We knew him very well {NW} Uh Then the next fight Al had everybody Including the man who owned the place mainly {B} That sugar ray Was going to lose {X} {NW} He bet all his money he was going to make For a month To the man who owned the place {NS} All the waiters {NS} He didn't pay anybody because he said it was a fixed fight He said I have seven children at home Interviewer: {NW} 847: And you people {C:interviewer laughing} Supposed to be my friends I will work for everything My children are going to starve {NW} Interviewer: That's funny 847: He begged and pleaded and cried in the dining room {NW} Felt sorry for him Because he couldn't pay it {NW} Interviewer: {NW} That is funny 847: Then then his next Mister Jones Interviewer: {NW} 847: He almost cried he said now he said anybody but you Interviewer: {NW} 847: Could not get away with this with me Interviewer: That is a 847: He said if I ever hear of you begging for my job again I'm going to fire you Interviewer: {NW} What was he doing was he was he a waiter 847: Yeah he was a waiter he was the best waiter he was one of the best waiters I've ever seen He was uh What you would call A waiter from an old school he did complete silver service all the time Interviewer: Mm 847: {X} The table A lady couldn't light a cigarette on his station {NW} He kept ash trays clean he kept your water glass filled Interviewer: Yep 847: And everybody always had ice in their glass I hate to go to a place and you get Interviewer: Yeah water 847: Water Interviewer: Tea and the 847: And no ice Interviewer: {X} 847: And I raise all kind of hell about that and people look at you like you're crazy because {NW} Most people don't care Interviewer: They don't care yeah 847: But then {NW} Ice water is supposed to have ice in it Iced tea Interviewer: Iced tea 847: Is supposed to have ice Interviewer: Ice in it I did work as a waitress {X} {D: Before it tells you about} {X} 847: Yeah Interviewer: Scary {NW} But listen I made good money there they paid me a lot better than the academic world 847: Yeah that's good money Interviewer: But these things like the crumbs off the table I mean you got to be good before you do all that 847: Yeah you got to be good But he was good {NW} I remember one night out he came Flying through the dining room {NW} Has this big tray of steaks {NW} And a flaming shish kabob in one hand Interviewer: {NW} 847: And a lady Hits the cigarette and he's you know coming all the way from the uh Sting or from the broiler {NW} Allow me please ma'am allow me and the lady Probably thought She was going to burn Interviewer: {NW} 847: With the shish kabob Interviewer: {NW} 847: All the customers are turning around because that's {C: interviewer laughing} And he's going ya know I just want to light your cigarette Interviewer: {NW} 847: And his lighter wouldn't work He stood there for a good three minutes trying to make his lighter work Interviewer: Oh no 847: Finally threw his lighter all the way back to the back {NW} Pulled out a pack of matches and said these damn Mechanical things that men are making a bunch a book a matches better {NW} Anyway the way he said it everybody just thought he's real comical Interviewer: Yeah that's funny 847: Uh one night Took about all his good service {X} {NS} He was getting {X} Interviewer: {NW} Have 847: Uh there was a fellow that {NS} This man really had him a profit that night There was a party at six And this cat was a big shot you know Waiter this waiter that bus boy come here you know and Al was really Moving giving him good service Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know Interviewer: Good tip if you 847: But he didn't tip {NS} He left something like {NS} It wasn't fifty cents I don't imagine Might have been sixty cents {NW} But it was mostly and it was You know not a couple of quarters {NW} It was pennies and nickels and a couple of dimes Interviewer: Ooh insult 847: And Interviewer: Talk about getting Fried 847: Well Al came he just knew he had a good tip Interviewer: #1 Yeah ten dollars # 847: #2 {X} # You're a very good waiter and Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know but he was just jiving you know {NW} Al came and looked at his kidding Well we always use a little brass tray out there for kidding And uh He said oh come on buster give me my money {NW} I said I don't have your money I said that's all this punk left for you Because I- I said I don't play I never play with the waiter's money I asked him you know is this a matter of business And uh He said I don't know why I asked you that he said I know you don't play with my money He said where's that cheap ass little b I said he's out there paying his bill {NW} And you know like {NS} There was always a line of people coming in and a line of people going out Interviewer: Yeah 847: Well he caught him just as he was at the register And Al tapped him he said oh sir He said oh yeah hi waiter what is it {NW} He said you left this Interviewer: {NW} 847: And he says uh oh no uh {NW} That's for you Al said oh no I cannot accept this this is yours did you leave this {NW} He said yeah I left it He said but that's your tip you know {NW} He said no I can't take this Interviewer: {NW} 847: And the man had the most bewildered look but he had a smart look on his face too and he says to the standing people in the lobby This fool nigger here don't even know That this is a tip Interviewer: Right 847: He says this is your T-I-P You have a tip for your service And Al said I'll tell you what {NW} If this is all that you had to leave for me {NW} You take it and put it in the church because you need t to go to church And not come out. A- -nd threw the thing at his feet {C: interviewer laughing} And the tray bounced up to the floor and all the change just went everywhere Interviewer: I love it 847: And {NW} Interviewer: That's fantastic 847: It shocked everybody {NS} Interviewer: I'll tell you there's been times where I wanted to do the same 847: So he just knew he was going to be fired Interviewer: Yeah 847: He started pulling off his turban and his turban looked about twelve feet of {NW} Muslin gauze around your head Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: He just pulled it off and was streaming you know Interviewer: {NW} 847: From the lobby back to the kitchen Interviewer: {NW} 847: And uh the manager Came back and said Al why did you do that And he said tell you what said you know you don't really pay me that much for working here {NW} He said I give this place good service because I want to be tipped for my service {NW} And he said people who are too cheap to tip should not come in here and expect service {NW} He said they need to go to a cafeteria Where there's a food line and pick up their food on a tray Interviewer: Right 847: And the man said and the manager told him said you know what I agree with you whole-heartedly {NW} But please don't do that in the lobby anymore {NS} Because if you do I'm going to fire you Interviewer: {NW} 847: He said go back to work Interviewer: {X} 847: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Lobby # {NW} 847: But people uh you know the people in the lobby really understood Interviewer: Yeah 847: Because most of the people that came in there This was out in Preston Forest shopping center {NW} And that was before that area was really built up Interviewer: Yeah 847: And all the people that lived in there during that time Were richer everybody there was rich Interviewer: All your #1 Doctors # 847: #2 And # Interviewer: And lawyers and inherited wealth 847: That's right Interviewer: There 847: You know and so {NW} All the people came in there except #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 847: That's right Interviewer: {NW} 847: One fellow that uh mister {B} who owned the T-V shop Stereo center next door {NW} To safari Was the cheapest man ever {NS} Uh we only sold hamburger steaks {NS} Uh To like when them boy scouts would come in you know like two or three times Interviewer: Hmm 847: A month you know like kids clubs boy scouts Y-M-C-A {NW} And we would always serve them the chopped steaks Which was cheaper than serving you know sirloins and T bones and stuff {NW} And but old {B} Would come in there And order {NS} One fillet small with six ounce {NW} Or an eight ounce Mostly back then was eight ounce {NW} And a salad for two {NW} He would get full off of salad Because it was free {NW} And you know like we served a salad on a thick Oblong disc that looks like a little canoe but it was a big thing {NW} And a salad for two was a great big thing back then you know {NW} And he'd eat all that salad Eat all the garlic bread and the toast that you get free Interviewer: It was free 847: And even you know coffee was free you know the first cup you pay a buck He'd get at least four cups of coffee Salad for two enough bread for four people And eat that one little cheap steak Interviewer: Yeah yeah 847: So one night he came in there And Mister Jones was there and we had been telling him about mister {B} {NS} {X} {B} Had a standard tip it was fifty cents Interviewer: {NW} Oh that's {NW} 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I think I could have killed the person whoever she gave it to you know 847: Well Interviewer: You're with him not serving him 847: Then nobody ever wanted mister {B} They even let a bus boy serve him {X} Interviewer: Yeah 847: One night he came in and we were serving boy scouts {NW} And he wanted {NS} His one fillet we didn't have any left then had sold out {NS} He says well tell get me a Chopped steak We don't have but one he brought his girlfriend with him {NW} Do you know he was so cheap They ordered one chopped steak a salad for two and two plates Interviewer: {X} {NW} And then I think well leave him {NW} 847: #1 That was # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's # Horrible 847: That was the last straw Interviewer: That is horrible 847: The waiter went and told Mister Jones come here Mister Jones {NW} He said you see that man I'm not gonna wait him {X} {NW} He's a friend of mine {NW} He said that that friend said to us {NW} Order the chopped steak Two plates and a salad for two And he has that woman friend of his Interviewer: And now he wants more coffee 847: He just wants. He's sitting there {NW} Eating all the salad All the bread and drinking all the coffee And they're having one chopped steak in between the two of them {NW} Mister Jones almost went through the ceiling {NW} He went over there said {X} Let me tell you one thing Interviewer: {NW} 847: He said if you can't afford To eat in my place. Don't come in my place Interviewer: Yeah 847: He said I don't come over to your place and ask for high fives or discounts {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Did he stop coming in 847: No he didn't stop coming in Interviewer: Oh 847: And he didn't stop eating chopped steaks either But he didn't ever pull that trick anymore you know like Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 847: #2 {X} # Interviewer: At least he didn't with the chopped steak 847: And that was that was that was That was a living end to me And the man was rich Interviewer: Yeah yeah I believe it I believe it and what we did over at I I had been working a {X} Place now and what we do over there we get some of them for a down time initiative which is good And that's only the cake So what we get and these people would come in from the university and 847: Yeah Interviewer: And uh urging him {X} you know and they never heard him say until they got here {X} And they didn't know you're supposed to tip ten percent much less fifteen 847: No {NS} Interviewer: And you can tell it's formed right off cause they order the steak well done 847: Right off Interviewer: Yeah and they'll take their cowboy hats off you know and I just go oh god when I get one of those another one {X} 847: I I was in a place uh {NW} Oh one day last week {NS} {D: Until the countriest people came in there} They had You ever see people so filthy when they eat Interviewer: Oh yeah oh 847: You know Interviewer: Gross 847: The cracker wrappers Interviewer: It's like 847: All over the table Interviewer: Yeah 847: You know cracker crumbs all over the table You know bits and pieces of lettuce all around the table {C:interviewer talking} Interviewer: {NW} 847: They were the nastiest bunch of people And they didn't tip anything they just kept the waitresses running back and forth well they Other reductions I don't {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah 847: They were rough rowdy people in the first place Interviewer: Yeah 847: {NW} But they were those people were really gross so I said but I just don't understand {NW} Why people like this would even come now when they walk in a place It seems like the decor would rub off on them You know that was the you know Interviewer: Usually it does for most people 847: And when you got something coming other ways people cut in front of you But it takes all kind {NW} Interviewer: Well I'll tell you they got steak now too 847: Yeah Interviewer: Hey I'm going to ask you about farm stuff {NW} 847: Yeah we we did we talk about the farm stuff last week Interviewer: Yeah we talked about some 847: It wasn't last week it was Monday Interviewer: Seems like a week 847: Yeah it sure does Interviewer: Um okay so our for we were talking about Talking about farm animals if I remember last uh {NS} Talking about pigs and chickens and geese and and your grandfather's rooster 847: Yeah Interviewer: With your grandfather 847: Yeah Interviewer: I told my husband 847: The one he ate #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # What what about uh oh you said everybody had a milk cow 847: Yeah Interviewer: Um what would you call that place around the barn where people would let the cows and stuff walk around usually fenced in {NS} 847: Cow pen Interviewer: Okay uh where do you milk the cow usually 847: Use the next kind of barn Interviewer: Okay and now you grow cotton out in West Texas um 847: Cotton and grain Interviewer: Yeah what do you know about growing cotton like seasonally what do you have to do you know do you remember 847: Yeah Interviewer: Someone somebody else {X} 847: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay 847: {NW} In the West Texas they started planting cotton {NS} Oh I guess you'd say uh in late spring Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And {NS} Interviewer: Hmm 847: The crops You get a warm crop of cotton You know it was hard to get two crops of cotton a year Uh well they can get it out there I think Some places you can't get two crops of cotton {NW} But uh Harvest season for cotton in West Texas is usually Starts in October {NW} Uh after the harvest for the cotton October November And say early December Fore the uh uh first cold spell sets in All of us should be gone by then So you have about a three month jamming period {NW} Uh for cotton Interviewer: I remember that white stuff in the air 847: Yeah the lint Yeah that lint from the cotton gins Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: All over the place Interviewer: Yeah 847: Um in O'Donnell the smallest town was I remember there was so much cotton During cotton season that they had eight gins going Interviewer: {NW} 847: Twenty-four hours Interviewer: Wow 847: That meant there were a lot of migrant workers that came in blacks browns {NW} All over the state I remember people used to come from Dallas Fort Worth all in this area go to West Texas Harvest cotton people used to get truck loads Interviewer: Where'd they live {X} 847: Well Um Usually on the farm uh If it was a large farm Uh they had like uh What I call tenement rows You know and uh people were just stacked and packed in their Migrant work shacks uh very few people had Enough money to {X} And there were no such things as hotels and motels {NW} You know like there were no holiday inns and all that business Interviewer: {NW} 847: #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Right # 847: You know you had uh There was one hotel in O'Donnell and there was a resident hotel where where most of the people who stayed in the hotel lived in O'Donnell And they served I remember that place they served Meals there you know like you get room and board And it was always full during the cotton picking season Well after December January February Even in March They started plowing the fields under You know to start the planting You know I think they had to plant plow first they went back and planted later Interviewer: Yeah 847: Um Down here when I say down here In central Texas And south Texas Cotton crops usually came out During the summer And people uh {NS} Picked cotton Literally they picked the cotton out of the bowls Interviewer: By hand 847: And yeah In West Texas What they call pulling bowls you pull the whole bowl off Reason why is they wanted to get the cotton in quick {X} Uh and it takes longer well of course theres {X} It takes you longer to fill up a sack If you picked the cotton than if you do if you pull it out of bowls Interviewer: Yeah yeah 847: Uh now why that happened like that I don't know Interviewer: Huh 847: But picking and pulling You know {NS} Picking cotton and pulling cotton is different Interviewer: I didn't know that 847: Yeah Interviewer: {X} Well did you ever do that 847: Uh I seem to remember going for fields Once or twice Uh That wasn't uh {NS} {X} And I really didn't have to pick cotton I wanted to pick cotton {NS} Uh The reason why I didn't have to pick cotton you know why I didn't have to Interviewer: School kids 847: Yeah my Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 847: But I w- you know I- you know I Interviewer: Upper crust 847: I wanted to pull cotton {NS} Because The other kids were doing it And it was sort of like Getting in to being with the people Interviewer: Yeah 847: They resented the fact that uh You know kids have funny ways of doing things {NW} They made it sound like it was real exciting pulling cotton well it wasn't exciting to me once I got out there Interviewer: Probably wasn't to them either 847: {X} My salary I probably made fifteen cents for a whole day's work {NW} Very disgusting Interviewer: {NW} 847: After a few days of going out there I told my mom I couldn't go back {NW} And she wouldn't let me go back but it was a lot of fun My brother and I- I remember my brother was out there then and uh We would pack real big lunches you know great big sacks of food {NW} And eat all day long Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: You know Interviewer: {NW} 847: #1 And lay out # Interviewer: #2 That was # The fun part 847: That was the fun part Interviewer: {NW} #1 The bad part was the # 847: #2 So # Interviewer: Picking cotton 847: Uh I remember this man his name was mister {B} A lot of kids seven eight nine kids And it was share cropping And his kids Did most of the work On the farm where he was share cropping Interviewer: Hmm 847: And I just think he had a bunch of kids to keep them working so he could keep living well Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: But uh Interviewer: Probably did 847: He told my mom That he didn't want my brother and I to come back out there anymore {NW} Because we kept his kids from working Interviewer: Oh 847: He had a daughter I remember this girl her name was {X} She could pull a thousand pounds of cotton a day Interviewer: {NW} I've never heard of that fast 847: Oh yeah {NW} He had one son his name was Joe Joe could pull up to fifteen hundred pounds of cotton a day Interviewer: {X} 847: And you can think about how light cotton is Interviewer: Yeah 847: And dragging a sack through a field and picking up fifteen hundred pounds of it That's a lot of work Interviewer: That is that's why 847: That's almost going non-stop on your knees and that's your back bent {NW} And you're talking about Something that'll kill you Interviewer: That must be a strong kid 847: Oh they have to be Interviewer: Either that or dead after a couple years 847: And I used to wonder why that oldest boy looked so old when he was about seventeen or eighteen Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: He worked himself almost to death Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh tell me what kind of fences did you have on the farm now what kind you had 847: Uh barbed wire Interviewer: How'd they make barbed wire fences 847: Yeah I know but I can't tell you {NS} Uh I even know {NS} I did know the fellow who came up with the first barbed wire fence His name at least Interviewer: Yeah 847: Uh Barbed wire was uh originally Thought of as a means of keeping cattle In a specified location {NW} You know that was the purpose of barbed wire And {NS} The wire was strung with Little barbs on the end and like uh The wire's twisted And like that You want to get that space In the wire These barbs put in and twisted And as they twist around You get the barb they'll come out and {NS} Interviewer: I hate when it stops in the middle of an interview lost an hour of tape {X} So you know if you look down there and it's not turning let me know I've got a lot of tape here 847: Okay Interviewer: Um did you have fences around the houses like 847: No there were usually uh {NS} Cedar post fence {NS} Uh {NS} Some people had uh The uh board fence When I say board fence It was uh Oh about six by eight six by ten boards Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Um And boards like that there was usually rich people who had fences like that but not many folk You know they could put up a fence A lot of big spread that way But that was usually just for show When you go out in the fields they always had barbed wire fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Uh of course around there uh like in a corral for horses Um {NS} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And then there were corrals also And a corral was always made with uh Post fence Uh And the reason why they didn't put {NS} Barbed wire I imagine around a corral was because they usually had some expensive Uh cattle either expensive horses in there And uh {NS} Horses Sometimes are very contiguous you know they'll kick down a fence Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: And they'll even run into a barbed wire fence and cut them all up and You know that uh You can't take them to markets like that the hides are never good Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: They look bad you know people like you know So uh Interviewer: Um is there a difference between a corral and a and a what you call it a 847: A cow pen Interviewer: Yeah is there a difference or are they the same thing or 847: Well a corral is usually larger. You can get like a have a herd You know I want to say a herd Ten fifteen twenty Head of cattle or horses in there You know uh And that was usually a place where they did keep that better stock in the corral Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: You know Interviewer: Um 847: oh either you put them in a corral you can get 'em and take me to market Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Oh yeah getting {X} {NW} Now um {NS} Did you ever hear anybody call cows come in from the pasture {NS} 847: Mm-hmm Interviewer: How did they call the cows how did they what did they say to call a cow 847: I don't remember {NW} Usually about feeding time As I remember there seems to have always been a lead cow Around and that cow had a bell around The neck {NW} And these other Cattle would follow You know you got them in that way Uh {NW} There were some people who had Dogs that were trained to go out and get the cattle Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 847: And they get the bell I call them bell cow Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: You know the dog was trained you know like and {NS} You can lead a {NS} cattle anywhere they're real stupid animals You know Interviewer: Yeah 847: Yeah they're dumb Interviewer: Dumb 847: They're real dumb Interviewer: {NW} 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 847: You know a dog and a bell could lead them over a cliff Interviewer: {NW} 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I've seen people go out in in their pickup trucks and just honk the horn you know until the cows come out 847: Yeah you know they get you know they're here They'll get used to certain sounds you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: Uh You blow a horn and you know that's right go in the pick up and just honk the horn And that bell cow would usually Head off and toward you know the horn And particularly you know like putting out salt And and hay in in the field they'd come to {NS} Interviewer: Um what about chickens you ever heard anybody call chickens 847: Mm-hmm Interviewer: How do you call chickens 847: {NS} No really Interviewer: Oh come on 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I got to see everybody else do it 847: {NW} Interviewer: The only one who wouldn't call the chickens was a sixteen-year-old girl 847: {NW} Interviewer: You're saying {NS} See this is how you call the chickens {X} speaker#4: Okay {X} 847: Okay You want to hear me call the chickens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Here chick chick chick Interviewer: {NW} 847: You know you're making people call the chicken Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: That's what Interviewer: {X} 847: Do it Interviewer: Call the chickens chick chick chick chick 847: {NW} Interviewer: he's better at it you know speaker#4: I used to milk cows and sheep and everything else {X} Interviewer: Oh you better be next on my list 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} That's funny 847: The the calling chickens is funny {NW} Interviewer: {NW} That's going to be all over the office this morning 847: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Okay let me so uh how do you call a {X} Uh well let's see {X} {NS} Oh I got well these are similar um what is what is that gentle noise that a cow makes during feeding time {NS} Now I didn't have a word for a lot of this stuff since I grew up with cows so if you don't have a word for this stuff 847: I don't have a word for that one Interviewer: Okay uh a noise that's made by a calf when it's being weaned 847: Don't have that one either Interviewer: Okay uh we didn't either uh {NS} See already did that one uh if you're going to feed the chickens and the turkeys and the geese and all that stuff do you have any one name for all of them like you say you're going to go out and feed the {NS} 847: No I didn't know one name for all of them Interviewer: Okay uh oh how do you call a pig {NS} I wouldn't call pigs myself I'd ignore it 847: Uh Interviewer: Some people call pigs 847: Uh just like the razor backs do at the football game you know {NW} I can't do it now but it's sooie pig Interviewer: Okay 847: You know Interviewer: That'll make it easier for you 847: Yeah {NW} Interviewer: Uh let's see oh how would you call a horse {NS} 847: Hmm {NS} I don't remember that one Interviewer: Um what would you say to a mule or a horse to make them go right or left like say on a team you know and you were pulling them over 847: Uh Well To make 'em go right or left {NS} All you do is pull on the reign Interviewer: Mm-hmm 847: Right or left Interviewer: Okay 847: But then Standard fare is giddy-up Interviewer: Okay alright #1 Right # 847: #2 Like # You know Interviewer: You say that if they're already going or if they're stopped or 847: If they're going and you want them to move faster Interviewer: Okay 847: And they was fond of that you know a gentle kick or a slap in the butt or something {NW} And giddy-up Interviewer: Okay 847: And they Interviewer: What did you say if you wanted them to stop 847: Whoa Interviewer: Okay 847: Whoa mule like my old man used to {NW} Used to use a mule to plow Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And uh I can remember him telling his mules whoa mule Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And those mules would not stop sometime he was a little bit of a skinny man The mules could go running off With his plow and him {NW} Interviewer: {X} {NS} Had a horse run off with me one time and uh galloping right and there wasn't anything I could do {X} and it was coming to the fence and the horse came up to the fence like right then it made a ninety degree turn {NW} Because I didn't turn I went on 847: You went the other way Interviewer: I went I hit the fence and then I fell in what was probably the only cactus patch in the county oh 847: I bet you that hurt didn't it Interviewer: Oh oh I can still remember how it felt pulling out my feet {NW} 847: That was the only reason why I was always scared of horses Is because {NS} {NS} I know people that horses ran away with Interviewer: Yeah 847: And you can't get off the darn thing you're too scared to jump off Interviewer: That's right yeah I considered it I never considered anything but I think I can just jump off you know and I looked down at how fast the ground was going by and I went no 847: Not for me I don't like horses I {NS} I still don't like them I was frightened of a horse when I was a kid Interviewer: Uh-huh 847: And I've never been on a horse again Interviewer: What happened 847: You know like he trotted off with me Didn't go that fast but it was just enough for me to know {NW} And I can rem- That horse looked like he was twelve feet tall you know as a little kid {NS} looking up at the horse and the fellow putting me up on it {X} End of tape 678: {NS} {NS} You know like he could whistle and the horse would come back Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 678: And he did come back but it scared me so Because I knew I couldn't have done anything had the horse kept going. Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: And the horse could have gone a hundred miles. {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {X} Out in west Texas 678: {NW} Interviewer: {X} Or it could be worse {NW} 678: {NW} I decided horses were not for me and I haven't been on one since then my whole life. Interviewer: Yeah {NS} Well let's see what would you use to carry water what do you call that thing you use to carry water in? 678: A bucket. Interviewer: Okay what would it be made of particularly 678: Uh galvanized steel. Interviewer: Okay uh if a bucket was made out of plastic would you call it the same thing? 678: I probably wouldn't now I'd probably call it a plastic pail. Interviewer: That's interesting before when you were a kid would you have called it a bucket or what? 678: {NW} I would have called it a bucket. I picked up pail somewhere along in high school I believe. Interviewer: Well now finish your 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah I don't really use pail much I use it for something I can't think of what it is I guess if it's plastic but not if it's you know not if it's a bucket 678: No then it's just a bucket. #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # A bucket is a bucket 678: Yeah a bucket's a bucket. Interviewer: Um 678: And then you always had your water dipper. Had to have a dipper. {NS} That was the thing you drank the water out of. Interviewer: Like what a lot of people drink? 678: {X} And it was the dipper was usually made out of uh {NS} a granite type uh. Interviewer: {X} 678: {X} Interviewer: Heavy 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh. 678: But you know it's metal and actually it's the same principle as the bath tubs are made out of you know you might you got your glass coat. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And the {NW} And the granite was a like And you know they used to make granite pots a lot. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And always what would happen with granite pots was that they would chip on the inside. And particularly you know like you dropped or hit it real hard with a spoon or something. {NS} And while you were cooking in them they had a tendency well the heat would expand the metal. And it'd keep cracking and then you end up getting granite all in your {NS} Food sometimes. Interviewer: Ew yuck 678: That's what I remember bad the about granite pots. Interviewer: Yeah I guess so well what other kind of cooking utensils do you remember {X} 678: Well there was the The kettle {NS} Kettles they're making now not like they used to be all the kettles I remember as a kid were made of cast iron. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh Interviewer: How big was it 678: Big old things. It'd hold about three or four quarts of water far as I remember. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh that's almost a half gallon in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NS} Maybe about that big. Interviewer: Yeah 678: It'd hold a lot of water. And everybody had a big black skillet. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Yeah cast iron skillets they're always black and greasy Interviewer: Yeah 678: dirty looking. Interviewer: Yeah 678: And you know if you don't keep them greased they'll turn they'll rust. Interviewer: Yep 678: Uh so Interviewer: Yeah I heard you're not supposed to wash them 678: Well you have to wash them. #1 But then to keep to it # Interviewer: #2 I never knew # That 678: Uh well the reason why most people'll wash them and you wash the grease out of them and put them in in the in the uh well you put them in the in the cabinet. {NW} And if you don't use the thing in due time in a couple of days it'll just start to rusting. And it'll take you forever almost to get the rust out of there. {NS} Interviewer: Sure 678: So the key to it if you wash them is to grease it before you put it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm yes {NS} Hmm let's see {NS} Is there a difference between a skillet and a frying pan or are they the same thing? 678: {NS} Well {NS} We made a distinction of skillet and a frying pan those serve the same purpose But then the skillet {NS} is usually to me was a {NS} about twelve inch skillet big black thing you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Cast iron. A frying pan {NS} was usually a lighter pan uh made out of thinner metal uh with So like a {X} Uh As I remember you know we'd fry bacon and stuff like that in those uh in the frying pans. Interviewer: Yeah 678: But in the skillet you could well you could cook the skillet you know you can cook anything. Interviewer: Yeah oh yeah 678: You know a bowl of milk Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Bread whatever you want to put in the s- #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Skillet # {NW} 678: Not in the frying pan. Frying pan was too thin. Interviewer: Okay okay um when you set the table tell me all the stuff that you put out on the table when you when you had the table set? 678: {NW} That was always a big thing. {NS} Creamer sugar bowl. Salt pepper. Uh {NS} there was a jelly dish. {NS} Butter dish. Of course your knives forks spoons. Plates. Um we didn't use very many sauces though. {NS} You know like people put their bread on sauces Interviewer: Yeah 678: Usually you put your bread on the plate with whatever you're eating. Interviewer: Yeah 678: #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Uh as like now go out and you get all these little serving dishes. Interviewer: Yeah 678: I hate all those little dishes. Interviewer: How come 678: You know but I think any. Interviewer: Cafeteria 678: Yeah Interviewer: Dish for everything 678: I think etiquette tells you that all your food is supposed to be separate. Now uh maybe it was Amy Vanderbilt that wrote that. But I don't think very much of it. Interviewer: All those dishes 678: Yeah I don't I don't think very much of having all these little dishes thrown around me you know. Interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah really # 678: #2 Like that # Yeah Interviewer: Besides that you got to wash them all 678: Yeah it's just I think it's a waste. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 678: {NW} Interviewer: What kind of bread did y'all have what different kinds {NS} 678: Corn bread. Biscuits and light bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh did you uh get the light bread in the store or 678: {NS} We always got light bread at the store I remember. Somebody making rolls homemade rolls. Uh they were very good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh You don't find very many people making homemade rolls. #1 Anymore # Interviewer: #2 You don't # That's true. 678: Uh Interviewer: They're hard to make they take forever 678: Yeah but they were good. Store bought rolls taste nothing like those homemade rolls. Interviewer: No 678: Uh I didn't start eating whole wheat bread and stuff until I got much older. Interviewer: Yeah 678: As as a matter of fact {NW} rye bread French bread still don't sell well in a black neighborhood. Interviewer: Is that right? {X} 678: {NW} Interviewer: I hadn't started I hadn't saw stuff like whole wheat bread until I was probably in college 678: Yeah you know so and that's the reason why people don't eat as very much of it now. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Can't Interviewer: Yeah um what different ways did they have different corn bread That you remember 678: {NW} Well the best way was hot water corn bread. Interviewer: Which is what tell me about that 678: Well hot water corn bread is where you make little {X} {NS} Little cake like things Interviewer: Yeah 678: And drop them in hot in a skillet. Now that's what you cooked in a skillet. Hot water corn bread. Interviewer: Did you try to fry it 678: Yeah fry it. Interviewer: Uh-huh and make them little what like little patty something 678: Yeah we use a little something shaped like that. Interviewer: Like a rectangle or like a 678: Well an oblong looking little thing Interviewer: Yeah 678: You know looking like a football or a flat football. Interviewer: Yeah okay. {NW} 678: The round you know Interviewer: Was it it wasn't sweet was it 678: Some people could make it sweet. Depends on that taste put a lot of sugar in it. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh some corn buckets. I remember my mother used to make best blueberry muffins. Interviewer: Mm 678: Uh {NW} But the corn bread {NS} Uh Corn bread to me was always seemed like it was even baked in the oven in the skillet. Came out better. Interviewer: Oh well I see 678: You know. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: In more recent years people started putting corn bread in pie pans and all that business. Interviewer: Yes 678: With corn bread in my house {X} Was usually cooked in the skillet in the oven {NS} Uh but for hot water corn bread was very good And there's crackling bread. Which was always good. Well crackling bread {NW} you know you see your pork skins {X} and and you know. Well these things were actually an offshoot from the {NW} the cracklings. {NW} Uh cracklings were {NW} made from {NS} usually from the belly or probably a top pork you know. Close to the hide perhaps the hog had been shaved and all this you know take all the hair off of him. {NS} There's not very much you can do with that top layer of skin that's there you've got a lot of fat that's there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well this was cut down. {NW} And you'd come up with that it would be about that thick. Interviewer: About an inch 678: Oh about an inch Inch and a half two inches thick sometimes. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NS} And what they would do is with {NS} cut it up into little squares and drop it. {NS} And like people will kill hogs that on the farm. {NS} They'd have a great big wash pot. You remember wash pots? Interviewer: We had them 678: Fill it up with fat. {NW} And it was usually animal fat you know. Animal vegetable fats back then. Interviewer: Yeah 678: And you'd fry these things. And what would happen A lot of grease would come from it so that's how they got their grease {NS} Cooking oil from it Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Uh then what some of them would do with that grease is instead of using it for cooking oil they would take the cracklings out and make rye soap. Interviewer: Huh 678: Now the cracklings are very hard things but they're good you know the salted. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh if you got good teeth they're good. Interviewer: {NW} 678: You know and if they're fried crisp enough you know they'll be real crunchy. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But some of them you know just like trying to eat a nail. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But if you bake it in bread in the corn bread. {NS} You can it's it's real {X} Interviewer: I bet it's good 678: You know corn bread beans and greens but crackling bread is always a big deal. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Big deal. Interviewer: I've never had any of that but it sounds good 678: {NS} I'll tell you what {NS} one of these days {NS} you give me a call oh you know like a Friday. {NS} And I'll cook you some crackling bread you and your husband can have some crackling bread. Interviewer: Fantastic. 678: And you know you may like it. Interviewer: That would be fantastic I'll do it. 678: Yeah you know like Interviewer: Love it 678: You can put it in the refrigerator and keep it and heat it you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And get it it it it is really good Interviewer: Oh I would love that 678: it's a matter of trying to find the cracklings then. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Occasionally Interviewer: I'll give you a little notice 678: Yeah Interviewer: Find some cracklings 678: {NW} They're hard to find you know I- I- I- know can I find them just a matter of knowing. Sometimes they come from Uh Cedar Springs have cracklings. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh but you usually cannot find it in stores in North Dallas it's #1 It's almost like looking # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 678: Almost looking for chitlins and hog maws out there. Interviewer: {NW} 678: Don't carry it. Interviewer: {NW} Okay now that you said chitlins tell me about chitlins 678: Well {NS} What else can you say it's a hog's intestine. Interviewer: {NW} 678: Uh Interviewer: Have you had it is it good 678: Chitlins? Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Had some the other day. Interviewer: How were they 678: They're good. Interviewer: They're good? I've had some people tell me they're really good stuff and I've had some people say {NW} 678: Well the people who don't like them it's psychological reason why they don't like it. Interviewer: Yeah 678: It's sort of like eating a little butt part off a chicken back. Interviewer: Yeah right 678: I can eat it. I know some people it turns their stomach. Interviewer: {NW} 678: Well you know Interviewer: {X} Throw it away 678: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 678: {NW} Chicken better. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} Interviewer: Let's see I've got some more stuff later I want to ask you about oh yeah um did you ever see them butcher a hog? 678: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do they do? Explain the whole thing to me. 678: Well {NS} The first hog I saw butchered was shot in the head. They shot the hog with a twenty-two. Interviewer: {NW} 678: Uh {NS} Then uh I remember going to the packing house where they would. {NS} It was this real gruesome thing. You know pigs would be you know as they come through this little chute. This fellow had a long knife you know and he was just. Just hit them right up under here you know. And pigs would just fall out. Interviewer: Ugh 678: Oh I just Interviewer: Oh 678: I couldn't even eat meat for a while after watching him butcher. You know if if I worked I know if I worked in a butcher shop or in a packing house I could not eat meat. Interviewer: I can understand that 678: You know that is a re- It was just you know like {NS} I don't know how to say this. {NS} But if I work you know If I lived on a farm {NS} I could not kill the animals that I'd raise. I just couldn't do it. {NS} And also it's a good thing I'm not a farmer you know I- I- I just can't eat. You know you take a little piglet and raise it up to being a you know a gross hog and it's just the same as my grandfather {NW} eating his pet rooster. Interviewer: Yeah 678: And then you know but I just and honestly I could not eat meat for a while after watching the butcher. {NW} They would you know like {NS} people who had just few hogs you know. Three or four five or six or ten {NW} And then butcher them in the winter time this is a good time you know like. Uh this kind of weather is the best weather to butcher hogs. Interviewer: When it gets cold 678: Yeah {NS} Keeps them from spoiling Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You have to kill them while it's you know like in order to dress them and all that sort of thing if you kill them in the heat uh the meat will spoil real quick. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And people out there didn't have uh refrigeration. Uh after refrigeration so cold weather would keep the meat a long time I guess. {NW} But Shoot the hog either in the head in the head {NW} Or either just run a knife his long knife up under there in the throat. And then there was thing made like uh {NS} a pulley. Oh I guess it must have been eight feet high. And with a pulley and a wrench type thing. And he would tie a rope around the hog. And pull it up there and gut it you know like run his spine up take all this out. Interviewer: I bet blood was everywhere 678: Blood everywhere. Interviewer: Oh gross 678: Uh Interviewer: Bet it smelled bad too 678: Horrible. Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Makes me sick to think about it. Interviewer: Sorry 678: {NW} Interviewer: Go ahead 678: And there was this big barrel I remember these people having a great big barrel. {NW} And they would put a lot of Firewood just you know well any kind of wood. And get this water boiling hot and then lower the animal off into the hot water. And this was to Uh {NS} I guess make the skin tender or something. {NW} That way they would scrape the hair off better. Interviewer: Oh uh-huh 678: {NW} The hair came off better after the after the pig had been boiled in the hot water Interviewer: Okay 678: {NW} Interviewer: Then what 678: Then they'd scrape the hair off {NS} Then they would take the entire you know they would gut the pig. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh take all the intestines out you know and everything Get the liver Uh heart out. And there were people who even ate the heads. Uh {NS} The actual stores you can go in now you you know like I don't know why Mexicans eat a lot of hog heads {NS} Interviewer: Just just 678: Yeah they cook the whole head you know black people don't do that anymore that I know of {NW} You know Interviewer: The whole head and then what do they do with it they can't eat like that there's not enough meat in there 678: Yes they do {NS} See poor people learn to eat everything on the hog except the hair and the hooves. And there's nothing that's thrown away. {NW} Even brains and all that business. {NS} You know. And {NS} I don't like brains {NS} Pigs pork ought to eat brains I don't eat them I just Interviewer: I can't have any it looks too gross 678: It looks gross really gross. But you know going on the market and seeing a whole hog head {NW} Staring {NW} Interviewer: Yeah really. 678: That's almost as that's almost as eating eating opossum You ever eaten opossum? Interviewer: {NW} 678: Now my brother my youngest brother you wouldn't believe that he was born and raised in the city. I don't know why he picked his country ways out from him. Interviewer: {NW} 678: Funny thing happened a few years ago. He knows every time I show up I'm going to eat because he's an excellent cook. {NW} But this friend of his {NS} Handed him a bake of opossum {X} Grossest looking little rat you have Interviewer: {NW} 678: seen. Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Interviewer: I could never take a possum 678: {NW} Interviewer: Twice on the road you know that's 678: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I don't think I want to see one in the baking pan sort of like eating {X} 678: He hid this thing from me {NS} Because he just knew {X} We was going to eat some possum {NW} I had a friend of mine with me brought him from New York he's never eaten possum never seen a possum. Interviewer: {NW} 678: And I kicked the pan my brother had hid it under the bed Interviewer: {NW} 678: And I said what are you doing with the pan on the bed he said don't bother that that doesn't belong to me. {NW} Like he was protecting the king's ransom. Interviewer: {NW} 678: And he had possum and a big sweet potato all in the same pan. And there was this little thing with you know a possum looks like you know you ever seen a buck tooth person. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Cheeks stick out Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 678: Now he's a little gross looking little Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Teeth # Interviewer: {NW} 678: Hanging out of this little bitty ugly thing. Interviewer: {NW} 678: And he convinced me to eat some possum you know Interviewer: Well how was it? 678: It tastes good but I just could not eat it comfortably. Interviewer: {NW} #1 That # 678: #2 Uh # Interviewer: Is so funny 678: Now {NS} Uh They even set opossum traps. {NW} Um {NS} I know people eat coons. Interviewer: Yeah I've heard I never had any of that either have you had it 678: I hate to admit it but I've eaten coon too. Interviewer: How was that? 678: {NS} It was an experience. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh Interviewer: What sort 678: I don't remember how it tastes so psychologi- {X} Just I must have a mental block I don't even want to know how it taste. Interviewer: They're so cute 678: Yeah they are cute. Interviewer: Little little cute little eyes little ears sticking up. 678: There's a man there's a man over Oak Cliff Call him coon man. He raises coons to sell people to eat and I just I just couldn't believe anybody in the city was raising coons. Interviewer: Yeah 678: And he's got a thriving business over there. Interviewer: {NW} 678: My brother took me by there to pick up coon with him Interviewer: {NW} 678: And he was Interviewer: You take that lobster I'll take that 678: He says a lot of coon s- Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # I just didn't believe it Interviewer: Where is this place #1 We need to # 678: #2 At # Uh I don't know the name of the street Somewhere in Oak Cliff Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But you'll have to meet my brother. He weighs a ton he weights at least three or four He he weighs over three hundred pounds. He drives a truck for Sears But I'll tell you that that man he eats armadillo. I remember my stepfather bringing Interviewer: That's something I couldn't eat 678: Armadillo. Interviewer: Armadillo 678: Bear meat. Interviewer: Yeah what about snake you ever had grass snake that's supposed to be good you know 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 I don't think # I'd eat that 678: I've eaten snake one time. Interviewer: How was it? 678: Tastes like chicken. Interviewer: What was the snake? 678: Uh Interviewer: If I knew it was snake I would 678: Well I didn't know it was snake when I ate it. Interviewer: Probably be the only way I could 678: There was a lot of horse meat floating around one while or two Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Interviewer: You know I was in Hawaii I had this friend who moved to Hawaii I went there to visit this fall and uh I went to a local bar with a Japanese girl okay Japanese girl takes me to a Japanese bar okay so we go in and we order some Japanese beer okay so we're sitting there drinking our beer and they bring us all this stuff you know and I didn't know what any of it was but it looked pretty good {X} There was one cup that I'm sure had to be fried fish that was pretty good you know and they bring in these chopsticks and you break the chopsticks apart and eat the stuff and there was one bowl that was full of cucumbers and what I thought was tomatoes it was red stuff {X} And so I was {X} Cucumbers were good and then I think they have more tomatoes they didn't and it wasn't even tomato it was raw fish 678: {NW} Interviewer: I could not believe it I went this is not a tomato and I managed to choke it down you know but I- I knew I could tell I put it in my mouth it was raw fish 678: Oh Interviewer: Ugh I couldn't believe it that that was the last one I ate I did eat some more cucumbers. 678: While I was down in Mexico I had some goat. Interviewer: How was it? 678: {NS} I don't want any more. Interviewer: {NW} They say it's supposed to be real tough. 678: It is it was tough. It wasn't seasoned. And it was cooked open fire. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Yeah you know {NS} Wasn't my cup of tea. Interviewer: No I don't think it'd be mine. 678: No Interviewer: Um back to hogs they ever make anything out of hog blood? 678: {NS} Yeah. {NS} But they don't do that here now In Louisiana there's a sausage called blood boudin. Interviewer: Blood what 678: Blood boudin. Interviewer: Yeah 678: And these people take pig's blood. And let it congeal {NS} and they stuck it. Interviewer: {NW} 678: Yeah {X} Real gross in the mean time as a matter of fact it's against the law. To make it in Louisiana. It was I don't know if it still is You can't buy it it's against the law to sell it. They don't I don't think they can prevent people from making it. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 678: #2 And eating themselves # Interviewer: Yeah 678: But then I think in one time it was believed that the blood boudin was used in some sort of court rituals and so forth. Interviewer: Oh 678: Uh {NW} They do have a uh Uh another boudin And it's {NS} It's a sausage it's a sausage that's cased in stuffed with rice and either pork or beef in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} 678: It's pretty good. Interviewer: Yeah 678: But I don't {NS} I couldn't stomach that blood boudin as a matter of fact a fellow last year told me {NW} Uh he was an old cook from Louisiana. {NS} He was a Cajun. He told me how to make blood boudin. {NW} #1 And # Interviewer: #2 How do you make it # 678: {NW} Well you have to get fresh blood. And I've forgotten what he told me to put in it. {NW} And he let it set and you know how blood will gel. {NS} And {X} Another thickener you know sort of like a gelatin thickener put in there. Interviewer: Okay 678: And let it set and it just it forms a mold right then. And just scoop it out and either mixed uh {NS} Uh might raw meat just cooked just a little bit. And you stuffed sausage casings with it and seasoning. Interviewer: Okay alright 678: Yeah I don't. Interviewer: I uh want to avoid that 678: {NW} Interviewer: If I ever see any I won't eat it. {NW} 678: Now you know like American sausage is a is a real is a uh is an art. Interviewer: Did your mother used to make sausage? 678: Uh {NS} I remember my grandmother making sausage. I remember other people making sausage more than I do inside of my family. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh {NS} To make to make good sausage {NS} you have to have a good portion of lean meat. {NS} And the lean meat would usually come from {NS} The shaped portions right off the ham Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh {NS} Old areas where you get the pork chops from. Which is up around close to the uh away from the rib area {NW} And trimming away all you know like the fat and the uh lean portions of meat the ribs and things like that And {X} From the ham The shanks. The lower area And using Right amount of a Usually people hide a sage seasoning. {NS} Black pepper. {NS} Um Instead of using cayenne pepper they would use uh Crushed peppers after it dried. You know I'm thinking I'll make me some sausage one day I got the {X} Interviewer: {NW} 678: Uh Interviewer: {X} 678: There's an Italian seasoning. Very spicy but very good if you ever want some good sausage. If you like Italian spices Italian sausage is very good. {NW} Uh {NS} And the people at good store places It's a matter of uh if they can smoke it Smoked pork sausage is very good. It's hard to find and it's very expensive. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 678: Uh but then when people at the smoke houses. They can do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I don't still don't understand today how meat would keep like it did back then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You know no refrigeration. But in that smoke house that meat would stay. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah I know it did. I don't understand it either. 678: Well you know I know what it was. Pack it down in salt. That's what it was. Interviewer: What does the salt do? I mean I know they do that. 678: Well Interviewer: But I don't understand what it does. 678: {NW} Let me explain that. Can't really you see uh uh {NS} That's how meat is cured meat is cured with salt. Salt tend it does something like cook the meat is what salt does. Interviewer: Oh. 678: Uh Interviewer: {X} 678: As a matter of fact {NS} {NW} I could tell you the whole story it's not. It's not with me right now. Interviewer: Well 678: Not with me right now. Interviewer: You could make it all up and fool me. {NW} Let me ask you about um I've got another major section here I need to get to um did y'all ever have a garden here in Dallas or in O'Donnell or 678: Not in O'Donnell Yes we had a garden but it it wasn't our garden. Uh in Calvin where my grandmother was there was a garden. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And {NS} There was always okra {NS} Tomatoes squash Peas uh watermelon Watermelon will grow anywhere you can take a watermelon seed and throw it in the street it'll grow. Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Interviewer: I love it that's a good #1 quotable # 678: #2 Yes # Interviewer: #1 Line # 678: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I don't know when I'll use it I'm going to use that line. {NW} 678: Cantaloupe Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh {NS} Eggplant Interviewer: You grew eggplant? 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: I never knew anybody grew eggplant 678: Uh {NS} There was always a berry tree or something around Just growing wild. Interviewer: Uh-huh what kind of berries 678: Uh blackberries Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh we had a fig tree About three or four plum trees Um Some people had pear trees And pears make the best darn preserves of any. Interviewer: Huh 678: You ever had pear reserves? Interviewer: I don't recall 678: We can't buy it at the store I've never seen it in Interviewer: #1 I've had peach # 678: #2 A store # Interviewer: Preserves but I don't think I've ever had pear 678: We had peach trees. Uh but pear preserves you can't I've never seen them sold in the store. Interviewer: {X} 678: Uh if you want pear preserves you'll have to find some old person that knows how to do a can of them. There's a few young people that know how to do a can Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh What else did we have {NS} Corn {NS} 678: Always had some corn I remember making scarecrows trying to scare Interviewer: {NW} 678: The birds away Interviewer: Corn is hard to grow I tried to grow it last year and it got it got some kind of crud I don't know corn crud. 678: Yeah yeah. Interviewer: It just wiped it out. 678: Yeah Interviewer: Good though for birds 678: My brother had ten twelve foot okra stocks this year. {NW} In his backyard in Oak Cliff. Interviewer: Ten foot high okra stock 678: That's right Interviewer: Incredible 678: Really incredible That was just Interviewer: {X} 678: Up as high as that. {NW} Interviewer: Sounds like it yeah {NW} 678: He grows tomatoes okra and peppers. Green peppers. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Often and peppers will grow very easily too but I remember that pepper was so hot that it would parch your mouth Interviewer: Ooh 678: I've had a pepper so hot that it swelled my lips. Interviewer: {X} 678: Yeah Interviewer: You're getting me all inspired I think I'm starting to get into it 678: It's really had a I had I had a pepper plant in here Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And Oh last year when I got sick It was often I didn't water my plant But I still had some Dried peppers at home {NW} And you know like you can dry you you. A pepper tree a pepper plant they reproduce five or six times a year. Interviewer: Hmm 678: You can pull the peppers off of it Interviewer: I didn't know that 678: Keep it at a you know like peppers have to be If you take care of them just keep them {NS} In a lighted area Take the sunlight {NS} Interviewer: Okay hey we're almost out of tape here 678: Yeah Interviewer: Okay um where were we kind of dark 678: {X} Interviewer: Oh the pepper plant 678: The pepper plant Interviewer: Did you ever have a whole garden yourself 678: Never had time Interviewer: Yeah 678: But I Interviewer: Takes a lot of time 678: Takes a lot of time. But tomato plants they're easy to grow . Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh okra plants are easy to grow. You like okra. Interviewer: Yeah I had okra one time and it seemed like that year I left town for a while and I ignored the garden everything but the okra died everything died this okra was in there 678: Yeah there's many {NS} That's the reason why I think my brother's plant Once it starts growing it'll just grow. Very durable plant. Hard to kill. Interviewer: And I had some little okra pot and I just left all year. 678: Yeah Interviewer: But about this time of year in the winter they were starting to rot 678: Yeah #1 But the season is good # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah yeah 678: Yeah Interviewer: {X} {NS} To the work I agree individually. 678: Yeah Interviewer: Hmm well oh I know {X} What did your brother do to the soil does he have this little white did he stuff 678: Yeah Interviewer: {X} It's horrible 678: Well but you know that black soil is very rich. Interviewer: Well it's rich but you can't get a shovel through it. 678: Well big as he is he's probably going in and stomps the ground. Interviewer: {X} 678: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 678: #2 But # Usually what he does though {NS} Is he gets uh he told me what he did this year that's the reason why now He got some fertilizer. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And he spread that fertilizer. All over the area there where he was going to plant his garden Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then he watered the stuff down and raked it up. With a rake. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You know and like the ground was moist and the fertilizer was all mixed in. Interviewer: Right 678: And then he put some rows down. And he said it had phenomenal growth out of his uh tomatoes. I already told you about that uh okra plant. Interviewer: Yeah 678: #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: They just grew everywhere. Interviewer: Huh that's great 678: You know And but he used fertilizer Interviewer: Yeah I used let's see did I use yeah I used a commercial fertilizer once last year and I started out early spring put down a bunch of cow manure like before you know before planting seed put that down you know like a month or two before and then I got two rows and I was throwing stuff over there figured it won't hurt {NS} But that's how it kind of {X} 678: Yeah I remember one year there was a A drought a long drought Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And The ground around me just cracked You know it was a real that was a real trip back then I- I remember that very well because water was rationed Interviewer: Oh yeah. 678: And the ground the ground around the house {NW} Just cracked in great big holes {X} Interviewer: Yeah yeah how long did it have to be before you called it a drought 678: I would imagine when you don't have any persistent form {NW} any precipitation Interviewer: For 678: Three months like that. Interviewer: Okay if it was just if it was a shorter time than that what would you call it 678: Well that would be a short drought. Interviewer: Okay 678: But I but During this time I don't think we had an inch of rain No more than three inches of rain in about six months or something like Interviewer: {NW} 678: It was a real that was a real bad time. Interviewer: When you're facing 678: Yeah Interviewer: A drought yeah um 678: As a matter of fact that year even white rock lake Was almost dry. Interviewer: Oh really 678: That's right. Interviewer: I have never even heard of such never heard it that dry what about {X} Um what about beans you ever grow beans 678: Yeah Interviewer: What different kind of beans did you grow 678: Well it was more peas more than beans. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Black eyed peas. Interviewer: Yeah oh I love #1 Black eyed # 678: #2 Yeah # Very #1 Good # Interviewer: #2 Um # {X} 678: Uh Interviewer: Always had those 678: Then there's the uh what we called snap beans. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh what your green beans. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh Interviewer: Well great okay let me ask you about this next snap beans are what you used to call them but but they're the same thing as green beans 678: Yeah Interviewer: Is that what you're saying 678: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay any other kind of bean? 678: {NS} I know there was none of the pintos. Uh I just remember the black eyed peas. The uh what they call a {NS} There was a shell bean too blue shell. Know like they dry. You just Pull this thing apart. Uh Interviewer: I don't know what that would be well um 678: They grow same same way as black eyed peas they look like black eyed peas. Interviewer: Uh-huh you had the 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah 678: That was all that was all the beans I remember. Interviewer: Oh I know what other thing I was supposed to ask you 678: Oh we had potatoes too. Interviewer: Oh mm-hmm 678: Potatoes Interviewer: Um regular potatoes or 678: Irish potatoes white potatoes Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: They were very good they used to grow too. You can #1 Take # Interviewer: #2 Never # Tried never tried that take a lot of {X} You know 678: No Interviewer: No maybe I'll try that 678: Tell you what you can do. {NS} You can get maybe five or six potatoes. You can get ten if you want to {NW} and just let them sit there until they start to sprout when those little sprouts come up Interviewer: Yeah 678: And cut them This cut little pieces like this. Interviewer: Yeah 678: And just drop it in the ground Set them by the {D: foot parlor} {NS} Interviewer: Huh I may try that I guess 678: They're good Interviewer: Try potatoes 678: Yeah Interviewer: Never tried it you know what I'd like to have are those little red ones you know those little red kind of round potatoes 678: They'll grow you know you do them the same way yeah. Yeah Interviewer: Nice to eat you know 678: Yeah we used to call those russets Interviewer: Russets uh-huh 678: Yeah Interviewer: Let's see oh what kind of um different stuff 678: We got sweet potatoes. {X} Interviewer: Did you grow sweet potatoes 678: Yeah. {NS} Always had sweet potatoes. {NW} Interviewer: I love sweet potatoes. {D: potatoes at Thanksgiving} 678: I actually you ever had fried sweet potatoes? Interviewer: No never had fried 678: Fried sweet potatoes baked sweet potatoes. Interviewer: What did you slice them up 678: Yeah Interviewer: And fry them in just what bacon grease or something 678: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How thin did you slice it. 678: About like that. Interviewer: About an inch 678: Yeah Interviewer: Three quarters 678: About like yeah. {NS} Interviewer: I have to try that I haven't tried that 678: {NS} About a half inch. Interviewer: About a half inch. #1 {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # Yeah Interviewer: You know I have a let's see I've I've seen them mashed and uh steamed like you know you get one of your little feeder things you put at the top of the pot 678: Yeah Interviewer: Slice it and you put it in there and it comes out real soft and you just put butter on it 678: Ever tried a baked potato I mean baked sweet potato. Interviewer: Baked sweet potato I have never feels like my mother eats sweet potatoes I don't think I ever. 678: Well just put them in an oven {NS} And grease them you know like you do uh. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Irish potato Uh Interviewer: I bet it takes forever to bake one 678: Oh it normally takes to bake for a white potato forty-five minutes at four four fifty four twenty-five. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Ought to do it. And you just take them out and split like you do a baked potato. Put butter in it and you're talking about something good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They are good. Interviewer: Oh I love them I talked to a lady one time who said she makes them with uh like at at Thanksgiving when she when she makes them she mashes them up puts a bunch of butter in there you know and she puts beer in with it now I've never tried that she said it's real good 678: {NS} Probably is got a lot of different ways that people might eat it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm um oh what kind of things did you uh grow for greens what kind of different different kinds of greens? 678: Turnip greens are probably the best greens to grow. There was collard greens. And mustards all those grew. {NW} But turnips were always seemed a little better. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you like greens 678: Oh yeah. Interviewer: What's your favorite 678: I like turnips. Interviewer: I like turnips but I don't like the greens 678: Well I like turnip greens. And I like turnips. Interviewer: But they're bitter aren't they aren't the greens bitter 678: Not turnip greens. Interviewer: Maybe my mother didn't know how to cook 678: Now. Interviewer: {NW} 678: There are a couple of greens that are mustard greens are bitter. Interviewer: Oh that's the worst 678: Mustard and collards. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Collards are tough Some people can cook them where they don't be tough and not bitter either. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh I know a lot of people that mix turnips and mustards and collards together and you come up with a you know different kind of green. Interviewer: Yeah I bet that's good good you know only if you like that sort of thing {NW} But I've had mustard greens and they were good never had collard greens had turnip greens and they were you know they were bitter too maybe just weren't picked right 678: I have a friend of mine who uh picks turnip greens he always put uh sugar in them. {NS} Interviewer: Well that might help eating them 678: Maybe that you know I of course I never course no matter what you put Uh sugar in the greens And mustard then {NS} She didn't have the same taste that you got. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Must have been different. Interviewer: Mm-hmm maybe so 678: So I was the person that grew up putting sugar in their greens Interviewer: Uh-huh smart well if I ever if I ever decide if I am ever so foolish as to decide to try greens again 678: Well you like spinach. Interviewer: Yeah oh spinach is alright 678: Yeah I I really like I like spinach boiled eggs and you know chipped bacon and spinach. Interviewer: Yeah that's good 678: Wish I had some now. Interviewer: Oh yeah me too 678: {NW} Interviewer: I like spinach fresh 678: Oh yeah I like fresh spinach. Interviewer: With uh like bacon crumbled on top you know and that's so good 678: But I only started eating fresh spinach after I got grown. Interviewer: Yeah me too oh yeah that's right I don't think I ever had uh fresh spinach cooked even when I was a kid it was always canned spinach which isn't anywhere near as good and I didn't like it when I was a kid 678: Oh I hated spinach when I was a kid {NS} and my sister started making you know fixing spinach with boiled eggs and the bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Man I sure wish I had some little liver now too. {NS} Calf's liver and spinach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: share with the big kid. Interviewer: {X} 678: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} #1 We'll have to go somewhere and get something to eat # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Continue 678: Yeah that is one of my favorite foods and I haven't eaten it in a long time Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And you just made me think of it I Interviewer: Corn bread with it 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah 678: That would be good Interviewer: That would be good wouldn't it? 678: {X} {NS} Interviewer: {NW} Let's see what else can I ask oh yeah what do you call that stuff on the outside of corn that you have to pull off you know 678: Oh we call it the corn shuck. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call that stuff fix you up a pot it had little white and yellow stuff. 678: Oh that was some kind of hair we used to call that stuff. And I can't tell you the name of it I- I haven't used the word such in a long time I've forgotten what it is Interviewer: {X} 678: Yeah Interviewer: But you can't remember 678: Corn silk. Interviewer: Huh u-huh 678: Yeah Interviewer: And you had to pull all that off 678: Yeah. Interviewer: too. 678: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh what all different kinds of nuts did you have when you were growing up? 678: {NS} Peanuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Pecans. I thought it was the darndest thing when I heard pecans. Interviewer: Oh yeah oh gosh 678: Now really Interviewer: I have heard people say that that's uh 678: but you know like here in Dallas pecan trees just grow wild all over Dallas County. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh {NS} But Peanuts pecans Brazil nuts we used to call them nigger toes. Interviewer: Yeah yeah 678: Uh Interviewer: You all called them nigger toes too 678: Didn't know what else to call them. Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Interviewer: That's funny {NW} 678: After all you know well way we learned to talk. Interviewer: That's right 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's right # 678: {NW} Interviewer: I figured maybe y'all called them monkey toes or something 678: {NW} No it's nigger toes {NW} And there was the walnut Interviewer: Yeah 678: Walnuts were good too #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Well a walnut you know it drops off of trees got this green thing on the outside what do you call it it falls off 678: I don't know what that thing is. I know I remember it's it's looked like a green thing that comes around the pecans. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh There was this other little fuzzy looking little nut {NS} You know The shell wasn't real hard almonds. Interviewer: Oh yeah #1 Yeah yeah yeah # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah yeah yeah 678: Uh {NS} Just about all of the nuts I can think of that we have. Speaking of pecans I was going to ask you a tree question too what kind of trees grow around here wild you know except pecan trees? {NS} Uh There's a tree that I we call a hackberry tree Interviewer: Yeah 678: A chinaberry tree Interviewer: Yeah 678: Uh {NS} There's a {NS} An oak tree around here that grows wild Is that an oak? It's an oak. {NS} Not very many met this oak tree here. {X} Any maple trees around Interviewer: {NW} 678: Maple trees were brought in you know Uh I remember sagebrush {NS} Mesquite trees Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: Now y'all out In the urban Going toward D-F-W Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: There are so many mesquite trees out in that area. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And it just surprised me because then you usually find mesquite trees in west Texas far west Texas. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Because I haven't seen a mesquite tree Back South Dallas County anywhere no no mesquite trees that I've really seen Interviewer: Yeah 678: but out there is just Interviewer: Yeah 678: You know Interviewer: I know 678: just looks like you know hundreds of acres of mesquite trees. Interviewer: It looks like Wichita falls looks like my home town 678: That's right that that is the strangest thing when I go out there Interviewer: Just sort of a big patch of them 678: Yeah Interviewer: I don't know why 678: And people ask me why are you so fascinated about the trees. I say you just don't see that many mesquite trees in north Texas. Interviewer: Right 678: Uh like out at cedar hill. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Well this is not really an area where cedar trees would grow. Interviewer: Yeah 678: So my theory is that perhaps pioneers or something must have come through and planted some cedar trees. And the cedar uh Seeds might have blown all over that area because it just doesn't make sense. that just in one great big area of Dallas county there's a bunch of cedar trees. Interviewer: The only one 678: Only one Interviewer: Uh-huh bet it smells good 678: Yeah Interviewer: Oh a lovely smell {X} And there were cedar trees all over the place down there and uh especially at night oh it smelled so good and when it would rain and it smelled like cedar it would give people what they called cedar fever people with allergies. 678: Yeah Interviewer: Horrible about this time of year I think people get cedar fever and you know {X} Something 678: Well pine trees are pretty trees. Interviewer: Yeah yeah 678: You don't see them around here close you go a hundred miles way down in Tyler. Interviewer: Yeah 678: You know. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Pine tree country down there Interviewer: Our next door neighbor had a couple strong ones that he planted you know and during this like ice storm they were bent all the way over their heads very top of the trees touched the ground 678: They didn't break with it. Interviewer: No they didn't break 678: Pine trees are hard to bring down. Interviewer: Did y'all have any tree damage with the ice storm? 678: Oh yeah yeah Lot of tree damage. Interviewer: Hmm my husband was standing out in the front yard and all I heard was it sounded like an explosion {NW} And he looked one of our neighbor's trees had just kind of exploded it split in like three places it just went {NW} 678: Yeah that would be a strange. You know what's frightening about that whole thing Is you think about you know everybody wants to build their houses under trees. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Well that's very dangerous too. A tree fall on your house. Interviewer: Yeah sure ugh can't think of it. 678: I know a fellow used to play uh one of S-M-U's greats basketball stars Jim Krebs a tree fell on him I've forgotten a tree fell and killed him. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Yes it happened a few years ago Interviewer: Gosh what so he walked by or 678: It was the real freakiest thing I don't know if the tree fell on his car or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah 678: You know. Interviewer: Ugh you know I was driving home this was in the car right {D: in the four lamps} I guess yeah and you know it depends um may have been the the {X} But anyway that night I was driving home and uh it was about this was about eight thirty or nine and uh it had been above freezing {X} But anyway it was above freezing all day that day you know and I didn't think about there being ice around and they had gone down below freezing this was in the hour and I didn't know it was below freezing and so I went through this uh puddle that was about a block from my house puddle had been there for weeks I just went through it and {X} {NS} Back end of the car totally turned to ice {X} Actually but coming up out of the puddle you know the the water 678: Yeah Interviewer: Jeez I I didn't know it was there couldn't see it the back end of the car started coming out on {X} What's happening and then it it took me like half a block to do this it swung all around {X} Fish tail me around like this and I was up here wasn't nobody coming I ended up going the other way you know and finally 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Stopped up # Against the curb and I just just well I shook all the home I thought for a minute I had a blow out or something but I didn't feel anything just dissolved everywhere 678: Well you know that it's uh. They can catch you by surprise. Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Another # Car just pulling off you know 678: Yeah you have to uh when it's cold like this anywhere that you might see a puddle of water you know . Almost now that's going to be thin sheet of ice now Interviewer: Now I know 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # {NW} 678: Very dangerous. Interviewer: Oh it is 678: Uh Interviewer: {D: believe me I wouldn't stand a chance} 678: Like Interviewer: Melt below freeze 678: As an example {NS} when it thaws out you know from a freeze and the streets seem to be all clear and it's still freezing you know weather's still freezing {NW} you have to be very careful going you know under bridges {NS} or over bridges. Interviewer: Yeah 678: You know. Interviewer: Right 678: Uh and going through a tunnel because then it stays cool in there and it's still it's still frozen water. Sometimes And it's and it ices over Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I've seen a lot of people have wrecks like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah yeah well I was just lucky there wasn't anybody coming I have a couple major sections that we can get through here that I missed and that'll be it um let's see what's next um {X] ooh I still have something I want to ask you about um when I was interviewing {X} There was a section death and and disease stuff like that cheerful subject {NW} but what um when I was in San Antonio uh you know I was trying to find people to talk to and I had like here I had four white people four black people and I was trying to find a black minister because they told me that Reverend Jones would help me and sure enough all four of the people that I got all went to the same church but anyway I was trying to find 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Where to go # Super helpful okay so they said go out there to the church and um he should be there so I went up there and there are all these people around and there seems to be some sort of celebration going on okay fine everybody looks happy they were uh about noon or not about one or two o clock I guess they were having seemed like a buffet lunch and a big spread and everybody's standing around on the lawn back of the church was serving plates talking laughing eating you know so I found Reverend Jones. {X} Introduce myself and uh he was very nice and I I was very nice I looked at him and I said hmm it look- looks like you're having a party what what kind of party is it and he said A funeral I was so embarrassed I could have died too. 678: {NW} Interviewer: You know so let me ask you about that is that customary with blacks or was that just weird for San Antonio or just that church what do you know about that 678: Well eating {NS} Is sort of part of the ritual Interviewer: Yeah you do this in church usually or is that unusual. 678: Not at church {NS} Um how big was this church Interviewer: It was small pretty small. 678: Yeah well in small churches they'll do that. It could be that the person who has expired a place they had a lot of friends lot of relatives. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Um but that place would have been too small Interviewer: I've got to replace 678: {NS} Hmm Interviewer: A short section of stupid stuff and then we'll be through pretty pretty uh not much left. You were talking about eating when there's a funeral. 678: Yeah well you know like. {NS} I think what really. The reason why that came about was when you have a lot of relatives come in {NS} and people {NS} probably well you know there were no restaurants and that sort of thing a long time ago. Interviewer: Yeah 678: And uh people have traveled miles. And it was sort of like uh family reunion at the wedding. I mean at the funeral. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: We should 678: Uh {NS} And that's sort of a time that the family doesn't feel like cooking so what happens friends and you know distant relatives cook the great big dishes of food. Because they know there's going to be a lot of people there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh that's part of the fun of going to some funerals. Is after the funeral everybody gets around and eats. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You know and like uh they reminisce about old times and {NW} what's been going on and uh what's they're going to do you know. {NW} And that's the only time a lot of people get together is at a funeral Interviewer: Yeah yeah my husband's family is off in Nashville Tennessee the only time that we've been there in the last I guess two or three years there was one wedding and three funerals. {X} To the funerals. 678: Yeah Interviewer: Everybody everybody brings food over and after one of them everybody got smashed. 678: {NS} Yeah Interviewer: {NW} 678: That's always part of that too. Interviewer: Yeah 678: I guess there's always some booze around. Interviewer: Yeah 678: But you see now I'm trying to think about the family that had The uh I guess you might call it the feast after the funeral {NS} at the church. It was probably because the house that this person might have lived in was too small. {NW} And none of the relatives really had any place where to go {NW} and you know it was a matter of people getting together so they usually used they would use the church. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: #1 Of course I remember # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: When uh A friend of mine grandmother passed last year uh They had all the food around to the church after the funeral. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Because and that was the situation with them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Nobody had a house large enough {NS} to accommodate all their relatives and friends who were going to come back after the funeral. Interviewer: Yeah yeah only certain 678: Yeah Interviewer: Well um oh what what uh what diseases and stuff did you have when you were growing up? 678: Hmm I had asthma Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Yeah Interviewer: Huh well I had that still have it 678: Yeah Interviewer: But it's not real bad 678: Uh {NS} I don't think that I didn't ever have chicken pox. I might have had the measles. Interviewer: Yeah 678: I had the measles never had the mumps. No whooping cough. {NW} I just wasn't a I wasn't very sick. Other than with asthma. Interviewer: Yeah yeah if you have asthma it's the same as having. 678: {NW} Almost died with it though. Interviewer: Oh really? 678: Oh yeah. Interviewer: What happened I've never had it that bad? 678: I've known personally people to die. Interviewer: Oh really? 678: {NS} That's when you have a real acute problem with asthma. Interviewer: Did you try to go to the hospital? 678: No I walked to Bell Hospital I was so sick I couldn't breathe uh. And that was the last real bad attack I had. Interviewer: How long ago was that? 678: Has to have been ten years ago. Interviewer: You walked? 678: Oh yeah. Interviewer: To the hospital when you had asthma? 678: I didn't have a car. Might have been longer than that twelve thirteen years ago. {NS} Buses weren't running. {NS} About five o clock in the morning. I couldn't get a cab. {NS} And I wasn't going to sit still and die. Interviewer: Yeah. 678: I said if I die I'm going to die on a walk. {NW} Interviewer: Really? 678: Not on a run I'm going to make it to the hospital. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I remember. That shot I coughed up. {NS} Stuff that was just golden yellow. Interviewer: Ew 678: #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Gross # 678: It was just. {NW} And it had coated my lungs. You know but after I got a good shot it just broke all that stuff out. Interviewer: Yeah yeah 678: Uh but I was really sick. Interviewer: You were okay after that? Mm-hmm 678: I- I've had I've had you know light attacks shortness of breath. Interviewer: Yeah 678: That's a little thing. But uh nothing as severe as that Interviewer: Yeah 678: My mother was an asthmatic also. Interviewer: Yeah they say it runs in the family my mother is too. 678: And when I look {NS} my doctor bill here {NS} last year I went recurrent right serious otitis media out allergic basis. I was dealing with my ear. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NS} He put a uh post myringotomy tube The granulation {NS} Occluding tube for nasal allergy {NS} And what he did then is when he put some cortisone {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: Yeah Interviewer: Sounds fun 678: {X} And nasal allergy And all these coming from sinus problems. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: And uh I think that's as much as what I've had {NS} {NW} The seldom attacks attacks of asthma but I mean that was {X} Interviewer: Oh yeah #1 I do too # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Because I mean well if they're not too bad at least you're not going to be overcharged 678: Yeah Interviewer: After a while I've never had one bad enough yet so um if you get a cut on your hand you at the doctors you know you put the reddish brown stuff that stings like crazy and it's skull and cross bones on the bottle you know like what do you call that medicine stuff? 678: Uh there was Merthiolate. Interviewer: Okay 678: Mercurochrome. Interviewer: Yeah 678: Iodine. Interviewer: Okay um you'd see when people would uh take a tonic for malaria or sometimes they'd take it in little capsules for a cold uh white bitter powder stuff what do you call that stuff do you even know what that stuff is I just know that? 678: Hmm Interviewer: But that's I think that's before our time I'm not sure uh uh if people get old and their their joints are stiff and ache and stuff like that you'd say they've got what? {NS} 678: Arthritis. Interviewer: Okay anything else you ever heard it called? {NS} 678: Rheumatism. Interviewer: Okay and used to be children would get a real bad sore throat with blisters on the inside of their throat and they kind of died in the middle of the night with with a bad cough or you know they'd choke to death I think is what really happened 678: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: What'd you call that what did you call that? 678: Strep throat. Interviewer: Okay now I'd like two stupid things that we save for the very last because people will never sit comfortably if I get it first but these are numbers and pronunciation and stuff {X} 678: Mm-hmm go ahead. Interviewer: Okay uh would you please slowly for me count just from one to twenty 678: One to twenty? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Slowly. Interviewer: Yes just what I told you it was stupid. 678: Yeah one two three {NS} Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty. Interviewer: Okay the number after twenty-six is 678: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Okay and after twenty-nine is 678: {NS} Thirty. Interviewer: And after thirty-nine is 678: Forty. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine 678: One hundred. Interviewer: Okay and okay and here eleven people standing in line the last person in line is the eleventh person so the one in front of him would be the 678: Hmm tenth person. Interviewer: Okay and the one in front of him would be the 678: Ninth person. Interviewer: And then 678: Eighth. Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Seventh Sixth Fifth Fourth Third Second you know first {X} Interviewer: Okay and see why we don't do that first uh the months of the year can you say the months of the year 678: Hmm {NS} January February {NS} March April May June July August September October November December Interviewer: Okay the days of the week. 678: Hmm Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: Okay and that's it. how about that? 678: Finish with a bang. Interviewer: Yeah and that's all the tape well we have some extra tape. {NS} interviewer: {NW} {X} electrical engineer. That's all about this stuff. Whenever something didn't work, first thing he does it to pound on it. 853: uh-huh interviewer: And works. Usually 853: well {NW} {NW} interviewer: Miss Terrell, could I get you to tell me your whole name for the tape? 853: Uh Wait a minute. Now let me ask you. Do Just like I get on my mail. interviewer: Yeah Oh Well 853: Which way? interviewer: Tell me Tell me your first name first, and then your maiden name. 853: Essie Okay E-S-S-I-E. Essie {B} interviewer: How do I spell that? interviewer: Um-hmm. interviewer: Two r's? interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: And Would you give me the address here since I followed her out I don't know the address? 853: {B} {B} {B} interviewer: Okay. Thank you. 853: Um-hmm {B} {B} {B} {B} interviewer: Okay. Uh {NW} And tell me again now where you were born? 853: I was born at Bosqueville. interviewer: Okay. And how far is that from here? 853: Oh, I'd say From Waco The city limits of Waco over town if you went out North nineteenth, it would be about twelve miles, I think. interviewer: Okay, okay. How do you spell Bosqueville? 853: B-O-S-Q-U-E V-I double L-E. interviewer: And you are eighty-one, is that right? 853: Uh, I'll be eighty one in October but just put eighty. interviewer: All right. {NW} Let's not stretch it any more than necessary. 853: No. {NS} {NW} interviewer: Oh. What church did you tell me went to? 853: Uh. Shh- {D: Farksh} memorial methodist. You may not want nothing but methodist. interviewer: That's enough. Um What should I put for occupation? 853: Uh gosh I'd say housewife. interviewer: Alrighty. 853: Proud of it. #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 All right. # 853: I used be when I had a husband take care of, I could say in proud to say. interviewer: Did you ever, did you ever do any other kind of work, like did you ever work outside? 853: I used to manage a flower shop. Floral shop. Florist or whatever you say. interviewer: Okay. 853: {D: in Belle Mead} interviewer: How Um How long, how many years did you do that? 853: Three. interviewer: Okay. Ever do anything else? 853: No. {X} interviewer: Tell me about Bellmead. It's, it's kind of a suburb now I guess 853: Yes it is. Although it is a You know, it's independent. It's not uh connected with Waco. I mean they have way our own system and everything. {NW} When I moved out here Uh Well, when I married in {D: Lu} down here I could count the houses between here and Waco. It was a old family home and this one right cross over there and me and one across over yonder and then they tore it down but one over there. And then there was no more until you got way down in Bellmead. And we have what we called {B} lane. interviewer: Um-hmm 853: And a man with a name {D: Mohnmaha} {B} lived down near there. And that's where {B} lane got its name. interviewer: Huh. 853: And they lived in a big two-story house. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then on down in the flat further was some colored people and they had a good grocery store. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And their names were {D: Heir} Ah {B} interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And they had a boy named Harrison. {NW} And I've been told that that's where Harrison street got its name. interviewer: Is that right? 853: Now I never knew that to be a fact. interviewer: Uh-huh 853: But I always thought that uh It was named after an old gentleman by the name of Harris that used to live in Bellmead. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they just added Harrison street. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: But I I've been told by several people that it was named after Harrison's {B} interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: Colored man. interviewer: {X} 853: Uh-huh. interviewer: Oh this, this used to be farm here? 853: Yes, yes, uh-huh. There was no houses here. We built down here in the house on the other end just before we went into the other hallway. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Go up here and you go into to the sideway back here. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And there were thirty odd acres. Here. interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And we built on a la- of John's mother gave us {X} he and his brothers and sister deeded us an acre of land and we built houses. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And that was in nineteen seventeen. interviewer: #1 When you moved into this house? # 853: #2 {NW} # Sixth day of March. interviewer: {NW} {D: 1950, five years.} Ah And you lived up until that time in Bosqueville, is that right? 853: Uh Yes. Uh-huh. interviewer: How old were you when you lived here? 853: I was twenty-two and I was married, of course. But uh I moved from Bosqueville in nineteen hundred and four. interviewer: Oh, where did you move to? 853: Moved to {D:Chuckblock.} interviewer: Where is there? 853: And we It's right on the {D: Ethio} Dallas highway and you cut through then an access road goes over to Boston, {D: Chuckblock}. And uh My baby sister was born in nineteen, December nineteen and four. interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And when she was three weeks old, we had a boat and we lived on the river at farm on that opposite side. And we moved across all the kids and I had a big family. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: There were eleven of us. interviewer: Oh my goodness. You did have a big family. 853: And this baby was three weeks old and we came over in a boat. interviewer: Oh dear 853: And then Of course the furniture and stuff was moved around by a town head came out, you known in a wagon. interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 In wagons of course # interviewer: #1 Yeah, yeah. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: Well, um How long did you live there then? 853: Uh, {D: Chumpla?} interviewer: Yeah. 853: I lived there until from nineteen hundred and four to nineteen hundred and uh, ten. interviewer: Uh-huh. Then where did you live? 853: And we moved between here and Waco is what they called the old poor house. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {D: County} farm. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they uh The people in the {D: junt} people that they lived there, you know. They, they took them in just like welfare on welfare now you know interviewer: Um-hmm 853: distributed them here there and yonder And uh My father was a {X} county farm until nineteen seventeen when I married and moved out here interviewer: Oh I see. Awesome. 853: And I was, I like from Uh August, I married in August till December being twenty-two when I married. interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 853: #2 So # I did, I've not moved very many times. interviewer: That's true. Yeah. That's true. How far from Waco is {D: Chuckim}? 853: {D:Chalkblock?} interviewer: {D:Chalkblock. Chalkblock.} 853: Ha, It's supposed to be a eight, about eight miles. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Not very far. interviewer: Yeah. It's pretty close. 853: My husband's buried there and my father and mother brother, two sisters interviewer: Is that right? 853: Nieces and nephews In the white In the more cemetery. I start saying white brow but {B} cemetery. interviewer: Is {B} family name and is 853: Yes. Uh the {B} Uh Owned all that land where the cemetery {D: isn't that gave up} several acres their far of cemetery. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they named it after the family who donated the land. interviewer: Uh-huh. Oh I see. I see. #1 Um. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: How many um, uh {NW} Where, where all did you go to school? When you were going to school where did you go school to? 853: Well we went to my first year was at Bosqueville. interviewer: Um Okay. 853: And I went there Uh Several years, three or four years and then we moved to {D:Chockblock}. And I went to {D:Chockblock} then till I was fourteen and we moved to the poor farm #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 853: And I went to school in East Waco on Turner street. School. interviewer: How many years did you go then? 853: Oh I went {X} to the eighth grade and quit. That's really now I told you I wasn't very smart. interviewer: {NW} 853: {NW} interviewer: I don't know. {D: You may be smarter than anybody else} {NW} 853: Well, I'll tell you. All I know came out of a book. I read anything and everything I get in my hands on. interviewer: #1 Is that right you've been # 853: #2 and always have. # interviewer: You're a big reader, huh? 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Okay. And I, I as I tell them, they used to my teacher in East Waco, when I started to East Waco The principal of that school had fought in the civil war with my granddad. How neat 853: And he loved me to death, old professor {B} and he take me to Waco high and helped me to diagram sentences and I was terrified. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 I wasn't big as a minute. # interviewer: My goodness. I guess {NW} My goodness. 853: And he take me all that to show them how I can diagram sentences. interviewer: They're kind of on display, huh? 853: Oh, yes. interviewer: Star pupil. 853: And he really honest to goodness When he got sick, I went everyday to see that old man. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: He had no children. interviewer: Oh, um. Yeah. 853: And he told his wife one time. He said if, if uh she wants anything in this house, give it to her. interviewer: Oh, how sweet. 853: He really did. And I did him, too. He had a beard. Old, long white beard. interviewer: Yeah. 853: {NW} And he'd tell me about grandpa and him fighting in the civil war, you know. interviewer: #1 Yeah. Did he remember any of the stuff, # 853: #2 Oh, yes. # interviewer: Do you remember any of the stories? 853: He said one time they uh The enemy then all them soldiers were sneaking up on 'em And they uh were watching, you know and they was gonna charge. And the for some reason grandpa didn't understand what they whoever they boss was the officer in charge and he thought he said charge and he charged by himself. interviewer: #1 {X} # 853: #2 And from there after he said that # regiment or whatever it was was called {B} charge. interviewer: {NW} How neat! 853: {NW} interviewer: That's great! 853: And he'd tell all about that. He'd just die laughing. interviewer: Where was your grandfather from? 853: Missouri. interviewer: What 853: Suda, Sudafed Missouri. interviewer: Oh. Let me see. Was it your father's father or your mother's 853: My father's father. interviewer: Okay.Um-hmm. 853: Yeah. He was a great guy. I can barely remember him. I was uh eight or ten years old when granddad died but I remember. interviewer: What uh, What thing, what did he do there? Was he a farmer or do you know? 853: Yes. He had a farm out at Bosqueville. Big farm. {NW} And when my mother and daddy married my mother lived in Axtell. interviewer: Uh-huh. How, how far away is that? 853: Oh. It's just about seven or eight miles drive straight out the This was called an extra road that led you right into Axtell. When I moved here. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {X} And I just last year had my address changed and telephone number. interviewer: Is that right. 853: This, this year. It's the first time there has been a telephone. interviewer: Is that right? Oh 853: And it was the old Axtell road. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And uh, Mama interviewer: Is that where she was born? 853: No. My mother was born in Houston. interviewer: Oh. 853: {NW} My grandmothers My mother's grandfather interviewer: Yeah. 853: Uh was a an engineer that helped build the Panama canal. interviewer: No kidding! 853: And my grandmother was born and grown in England. And they came to America and granddad got her her father her my mother's grandfather got lost in an explosion during the some kind of something and they came on to Texas by boat and landed in Houston. interviewer: Oh. 853: Well at one time my grandmother my mother's mother owned a {D: in the whole} creation where Tom Boyle oil field is and where uh Houston is {D:proper, property} belong to their to the {B} interviewer: Uh-huh. That was your mother's maiden name? 853: Yes. No, no. My mother's maiden name was {B} interviewer: Oh. Okay. Your mother's, what was her first name? 853: Eliza. interviewer: How do I spell that with 853: E-L-I-Z-A. {NW} Um-hmm. Eliza. interviewer: And then her uh #1 her mother's name then was Ben- # 853: #2 What # interviewer: {B} 853: Uh-huh. Moses {B} And my mother's grandmother led the grand march with the uh the governor of Texas, who, who was who was it, first one. interviewer: Ah. #1 I don't know. # 853: #2 Oh, # interviewer: #1 We should ignore # 853: #2 Mercy # interviewer: {X} 853: But anyway, interviewer: The first governor of Texas. 853: Uh-huh. They had a the Inaugural Ball interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then they read uh interviewer: How exciting. 853: Huh? interviewer: How exciting! 853: {NW} Grandma used to tell me about it and she let all this Tomball oil field go for taxes. She let her taxes go. And she tried to get us save her You know it was just acrid there down in there in the swamp. And uh She told John if he would pay the taxes just owed a hundred dollars. interviewer: Yeah. Several years back taxes. Yeah. 853: #1 And he wouldn't do it and I begged him to oh no I can't do it. # interviewer: #2 Oh, dare. # 853: Now today uh I own fifteen acres of that Tomball. interviewer: Oh, do you? 853: Yes, uh My mother find little squatter's got it. And my brother went down and got a straightened out and mama got quite a little bit back collecting. And uh, then when my mother died, well, we sold it to the highest bidder. And one of our brother-in-laws, our baby-sister's husband bought it. interviewer: Oh! 853: Was the highest bidder. interviewer: Isn't that funny? {NW} 853: Yeah. And uh I've raised her. Nearly, you might say. interviewer: Is that right? 853: She, I was at home, and I was the only girl at home, and I ragged her, I weaned her. interviewer: Yeah. 853: {X} {D:Head East} and everything and uh when she died uh This August be two years ago. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: She willed that land to me and I interviewer: Is that right? 853: Uh-huh. And I I get to {X} interviewer: Uh-huh. Sometimes it's extortionate and sometimes it drops a little. Yeah. 853: Fluctuates, you know with crude oil and all that kinds of things. interviewer: Yeah. When they bought that land, they bought every {X} when they first bought it? 853: Uh-huh. And uh then you see, my mother's mother before she was born, interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Married, uh one of the {B} who owned their own half of Houston yet. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They are the one of the most prominent families, they were from France. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they used to come up and visit with us. And, and my grandmother, my mother's mother had one son My {B}. interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And he died with yellow fever during that epidemic when they had it so bad down in there. interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And they in gro-, they came to Waco, moved to Axtell rather. And my mother, 's mother married {B} and then my mother was born, see. interviewer: #1 I see. Okay. And you know a lot about this, I'm having trouble keeping it all straight. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: You know more about your family than I know about mine. I don't think I don't know much about mine. 853: Oh, I, uh Well, I always liked and I'll tell you one reason. Uh, I probably outside of one sister She's greedy about things like that she liked to hear about 'em. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh But my mother lived with me nearly eight years after my daddy died. interviewer: Oh huh? 853: And we'd sit for hours and we read the bible through several times. interviewer: Oh boy. 853: And uh she was a bible student, she taught Sunday school always and interviewer: Uh 853: Yet, uh never got all of the third or fourth grade when going school. Mama would be hundred and eh, she were alive today mama would be a hundred and eleven years old. interviewer: Um. Goodness. How, how old was she when she moved to Axtell? 853: I think she would might have been just maybe four or five years old. I really don't know. interviewer: How do you spell Axtell? 853: A-X-T-E-L-L. interviewer: Okay. Um 853: You know my My mother's mother, my grandmother. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Uh was the first and the only woman when they left England that had been allowed to go to Oxford college. It was a man's college in a interviewer: That gives me cold chill. 853: {NW} interviewer: That is wonderful! 853: And, but she uh, out grew whatever college of whatever they had there or facilities for education anyway And she went her last year to Oxford college. interviewer: Oh, that just thrills me. That is just so wonderful. 853: She was a smart person. interviewer: Do you have any idea what year that was? 853: Oh, gracious, no. I sure don't interviewer: It's been a long time. 853: Grandmother liked uh I forgot what year she died now she liked uh She like much been a hundred years old. interviewer: is that right? 853: She, I think she was about ninety, S- eight seven. interviewer: You come from the long-lived family {NW}. 853: Uh-huh. interviewer: {NW} 853: But now my mother and daddy, um my mother was uh seventy-six in June and she died in August. And my daddy died five days beyond seventy-six. interviewer: Is that right? 853: And I have a brother lives in Austin and he don't have hardly a gray hair. And he's, uh, he'll be eighty-seven in November. interviewer: {NW} That's great. 853: Where is she told me from is up here is not long back. He wears the same uh, size suit he wore when he was twenty-five. interviewer: Oh, I'm so impressed. {NW} I don't know if my husband wears the same size suit he wore when he was twenty-five and my husband's only thirty-one. #1 {NW} # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 That's marvelous. # 853: #2 He's a # He's a dandy. interviewer: He is. 853: He's a a very fine person. interviewer: Was your mother able to work outside the home? 853: #1 No. # 853: #2 {C: whispering} # interviewer: Okay. Where was your father born? 853: What? Back one? interviewer: Where was your father born? 853: In Sedalia, Missouri. interviewer: Oh. 853: He was uh four years old during the civil war. interviewer: Is that right? 853: And uh One of their neighbors {NW} I'll, I'll give you all to you while I'm at it. interviewer: Okay. Good. Do. 853: One of their neighbors, man deserted the the Southern army and went to the North. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they lived on a creek. My grandmother. Uh My daddy's mother. And he was four years old as I told you. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: See. And he, his daddy went off to war, see. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And he was gone, and this neighbor man with the northern soldiers came back in. And they cut all their feather beds and let the feathers out and they killed all their hogs and chickens and cattle. interviewer: That's terrible! 853: {D: just you know just for meanness} And grandpa said if I ever come home, I'm going to kill him. interviewer: Man. 853: To, in Missouri. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And that's how I come in Texas, he did. interviewer: Oh! 853: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # Ooh. {NW} {NW} Oh dear {NW} Oh, he killed him and then they had to leave right then. 853: Indeed, at night. {NW} interviewer: Ah I love it. That's the most marvelous story. 853: #1 Oh no. # interviewer: #2 It's fantastic! # 853: Not really. interviewer: {NW} That's great! Well uh, how old was your father when they came to you? 853: When they came Texas? interviewer: Yeah. 853: I think, uh They came as soon as the war was over. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: He was four during He was four before about the time the war broke out. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: And then uh It went on four years, didn't it? interviewer: Yeah, yeah. So he would have been #1 eight # 853: #2 about # nearly four years interviewer: Yeah. 853: He was nearly seven years old, I'd say. I don't have no idea. interviewer: Okay. How many grades did he go to? Do you know? 853: I, I imagine fourth or fifth. That was about standard then. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Way back there. See, papa was six years older than mama interviewer: Oh, is that right? 853: Uh-huh. So, interviewer: What, he was a farmer? #1 Then {X} # 853: #2 Yes. # interviewer: Okay. Did he ever do anything else? 853: Huh? interviewer: Did he ever do anything else? 853: Yes, everything. {NW} He uh, in nineteen-hundred, he worked for the county and he had charge of the counter-road gang, which were prisoners. And he worked all the roads and certain districts, you know like we have now. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Uh, he worked the prisoners keep the roads up. And then he moved to town, moved uh to Bosqueville. And he was constable. Out in that territory. And then after that he was uh elected I mean he, uh, was a deputy sheriff. For {D: Lester Seagall} And then he got sick and he was getting older you know. And so he was jailer for many years. And he was uh you probably heard of Roy Mitchell killed so many people and they hung him here. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Well, papa was jailer when Roy Mitchell was in there. interviewer: {NW} 853: And when they hung Roy Mitchell I went out and watched him hang. interviewer: No kidding! 853: And I standing close enough that the doctor, doctor McCormick was the county doctor. And he always thought I was named after my daddy. My name was Essie you know, interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And he called me Jessie because papa's name was {D: Jess Abbott} interviewer: Oh. Uh-huh. 853: And he thought that I was he called me Miss Jessie. interviewer: Yeah. 853: He said, hold it Miss Jessie he was kinda turning, wiggling. And I held his britches while they held, see when he died. interviewer: My goodness. 853: I liked to died after that, too. I never would do that again. interviewer: Really was it bad? Was bad to watch? Terrible, terrible. Yeah. 853: Terrible. interviewer: I've never seen anything like 853: But that was a Ugliest vilest mad person. interviewer: Yeah. Probably had it coming 853: Oh, he was awful interviewer: Thing about he does 853: He killed a whole bunch of people. I had a friend the other day brought me Uh my daddy wouldn't go down watch him hang. interviewer: Oh. 853: Wouldn't go up rather. And uh {NW} Lester Seagall was the sheriff, was At that time and he's the one that pull the thing, but I've got his picture that they brought to me the other day of him being hanged. interviewer: Is that right. Did you get the picture? 853: Huh? interviewer: Did you get the picture? 853: No. interviewer: You're just out of it, right? 853: I was down here and this is up there when they were tying his legs and tying his hands and interviewer: Uh 853: Putting the thing on him and everything. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. You said your father wouldn't go up to see him hanged, what do you mean 853: Well, they had, they built a platform interviewer: Oh. 853: See, so that he drop through. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Okay. 853: And uh, we stood down here oh there must have been six seven thousand people that swarmed in there. They curtained it off but they couldn't keep 'em from interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they came in and saw it. And uh mama wouldn't go, of course of course old me. My uncle, he was a mounted policeman. interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: Papa's brother. And he and his wife went and he stood between his wife and myself and Hung on to it. He said, you girl allowed to faint. I said not me. interviewer: {NW} 853: But I dearly wanted to. interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 853: It was terrible. interviewer: Tell me about your brothers and sisters. Where did you come in and all these. 853: I'm, there's seven ahead of me. interviewer: No kidding. 853: Seven older than me. interviewer: Yeah. How many boys, how many girls? 853: There was six girls and five boys. interviewer: Just about even. 853: And all lived to be grown and married. Except one. interviewer: #1 That's remarkable. # 853: #2 And uh # she died when she was about three years old of the measles. interviewer: Oh. Okay, okay. {NW} 853: And she was a way ahead of me. interviewer: Oh. Okay. Did you did ever, did you know her, you didn't know her. 853: No, I didn't. No, no. She was born before I was, I mean died before I was born. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. What were all their names? 853: Oh well, the first one she died last year and she was ninety three years old. interviewer: Oh my goodness. 853: And uh, the first one was Lily. Then the next one was Betty. Then the next one was the little baby that died, Mally. And then there's Wills, brother. And then there was Charlie, and Jess and Lee and Essie, and John. John Baker. And Tommy Ree and Velma. interviewer: Goodness. That's eleven. Makes you wonder how they ever thought of names for all those 853: I don't know. But uh, I used, used to just hate my name but I kind of like it. interviewer: Ah, I like it. I like it. 853: And uh I have a sister that willed me that land. My uh, middle name was uh, Dell. Essie Dell. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And when she was little, she always called me Essie Dell. interviewer: {NW} In the whole thing. 853: And she put that in that will That from that, lawyer. Who got all her pay her estate and everything fixed up. He laughed about her putting all that in there Essie Dell {B} interviewer: Yeah. 853: That's where I'm getting my check. interviewer: #1 Just that way written all out like - that's funny. # 853: #2 Good, right. # {NW} interviewer: Uh let's see Your um What you said your grandmother on your mother's side was born and raised in England, is that right? 853: What? interviewer: Your grandmother on your mother's side was born and raised in England 853: Yes. She was born. interviewer: were all her people from there before? 853: Yes. interviewer: Okay. 853: Uh-huh. As far as I know that uh they were the only ones that ever came to America. No, now she had a uh her daddy had a brother that came. He was a a priest. interviewer: Uh, do you have any idea what they did for a living? over there? What they did for a living up there? 853: I don't know. I really don't know. interviewer: Uh Do you have any idea where your, uh, father's parents were from before they were in um Missouri? 853: They was born, raised there. There's still a bunch of their his family there. interviewer: Is that right? 853: Uh-huh. interviewer: right 853: Uh, I used to correspond with him before papa died uh interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Write for him or Sometimes, well he wrote until he got sick and then I'd write. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh 853: And uh interviewer: Anybody ever say where they came from before they 853: No, no that's all I ever knew. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: Of Missouri. interviewer: Um, let's see. {NW} Uh Did you ever, uh, did you ever go to any clubs or anything like that? 853: {NW} I belong to the home demonstration club. I went two years to a short course at the A and M interviewer: Oh is that right? 853: And I was assistant to the home demonstration agent. Without authority, I guess you would say for the girls club over the county. interviewer: Oh. 853: When they had the girls clubs, you know forest clubs. Yeah. And I taught them basketry and how to can a preserve and sewing Do everything but I took a sh- two years I went to A and M and took a short course. After the school proper was out. And we could use the dormitories. There was fifteen hundred women there one year. interviewer: Wow. 853: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 That's a lot. # 853: From all the state, you know. interviewer: Yeah. There must be something going on at Baylor right now. 853: It, they're, they're baptists, the baptist ladies. interviewer: Ah 853: And it sits up state. interviewer: Yeah. Well, I'm set besides the, I'm staying at a motel and that sets beside the ninety six one over there and they were talking to them to the waiter, you know, and they had come into somewhere Breckinridge or some place, and they were, 853: Now I, I kept thinking maybe Uh Let John's niece, he has two nieces that comes every year from out west. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: To that. interviewer: Oh, I see. 853: And I thought maybe they might come out or I'd hear from 'em. interviewer: Yeah. 853: They might not have come this year, you know but. interviewer: Uh How old was your husband when he died? 853: He, uh Let me, he died the twenty-eighth of June Wait a minute. Let me see now. Uh, he was seventy five? interviewer: Okay. Was he a methodist, too? 853: Yes. He had the men's bible class. interviewer: And did you tell me that he was born right here on this land #1 or brought out here? # 853: #2 No. # No, this, they He was born down close to to the city limits of Waco. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: But they moved out here pretty soon. He was raised on this land. interviewer: Oh, I see. Where all uh did you all what all places did y'all visit on vacation, besides Arizona? {NW} #1 I guess that was more than the vacation. # 853: #2 Everywhere. # I'm from Oregon On. We'd, we visited everywhere. interviewer: Okay. 853: My brother lived in Oregon. He was a traveling engineer. And he's had a his office there in Portland and we went there twice. interviewer: Is that right? Have you been uh Have you been east? Like {D: Becky's}? 853: Been to Ar-Arkansas, Missouri, and Kansas. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: Oklahoma. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah, yeah. Ever been to Colorado? 853: Yes, several times. interviewer: That's my favorite place. 853: Is it? interviewer: Oh, yes. I wish I were there now. It's so hot here. #1 Oh, it used, supposed to be cool there. # 853: #2 I know it. # It's really cool. interviewer: Yeah. I had a friend who spent three weeks there this summer, she lives in Austin. And she said boy it was really nice. 853: I know. You know I have a nephew's wife, he died last year in Phoenix, Arizona. interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And my brother and his wife were up here the other day and they had talked her and it was one hundred and twenty. interviewer: {NW} oh that's bad. 853: Wouldn't you hate to live there? interviewer: Oh, yeah. It's terrible. 853: {NW} interviewer: Um Tell me. Uh Where were, where was your um where are your husband's folks from. Were they from right around here? 853: Uh Well now his, I told you, his people uh came from Georgia. interviewer: Oh, that's right. 853: No, wait a minute, wait a minute now. interviewer: All right, all right. {NW} 853: His interviewer: {NW} 853: #1 His, his # interviewer: #2 Or he's just Australian. # 853: That later generation that we knew anything about came from Virginia. interviewer: Oh, I see. Okay. 853: Uh-huh. From Virginia. interviewer: And it was his what, great grandfather who came from Georgia? 853: He was an, they were Indian. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. I wish I had the picture of his grandfather. Mother's daddy looked just like an Indian. interviewer: Was he, do you know what tribe he was? Do you have any idea? 853: Uh wait a minute. I certainly I do. Cherokee. interviewer: Okay. 853: I'm nearly sure. Oh, Lord, they'd cut my throat if they knew I was wrong. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 When they # {NW} interviewer: They would! 853: #1 That's right. To # interviewer: #2 They'd come to get your hair. # 853: Yeah. This uh This sister John's sister lives up the street. And I told us when I said I should've had heard you, you know, interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But She don't know any more about it than I do and interviewer: #1 Yeah. It's all been so far back, you know, or # 853: #2 {NW} # Yeah. interviewer: Well, uh let's see. Which um When you were growing up, let's see. How old were you when you moved away from Bosqueville? 853: I was um I like a little being eight years old. interviewer: Do you remember the house you lived in? 853: Oh yeah. I've been out there a lot of times. interviewer: No kidding! 853: Uh-uh. {D: Up and back.} interviewer: Can you draw me a floor plan? #1 floor plan? # 853: #2 Oh, no, I # couldn't draw a #1 straight line. # interviewer: #2 Then don't # draw a good picture. I just want arrange, the {D:rate of range} arranged. 853: No. interviewer: Like if you take your roof off, you could just look down at it? 853: Huh? interviewer: If you, if you were to take the roof of the house off you know and just look down on the all where the rooms were? One thing we'd like to get is you know the arrangement of a, of, 853: {D: Isn't she} wonderful? interviewer: Is that a mail? That's, that's good. I wish I had somebody to look after me like that. Well, um. What I'd like to know is the way the rooms were arranged in the house you remember best. 853: Well. interviewer: Here. 853: I, I- interviewer: Give it a try! 853: Huh? interviewer: Give it a try. 853: #1 Try? Oh, I can't draw. # interviewer: #2 Oh, why can't you can draw. # 853: No. interviewer: Just, just kind of show me where the rooms were. 853: Well, now interviewer: I won't look till you get through it. 853: The, the porch was just a little old straight porch at the front. interviewer: Yeah. 853: This is not writing. Yeah, I guess it is there we go. And then uh y- you went on this into a big, old hall went all the way through there. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And then the rooms was on either side, you know. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They had no living rooms or anything, you knew that. interviewer: Yeah, well 853: You had the, you utilized every room for sleeping. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: But you know, you'd go down this hall and oh, wow. Yeah, I guess I am. interviewer: So far so good. That looks alright to me. 853: And then uh you go into a room, see. Here's a room we'd say. Here's a room and same way on each side. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I was gonna draw that hall down through that, that's all down through there. interviewer: Yeah. Okay. 853: And then, uh You know, I I got to have my glasses changed. I'm not, I'm not seeing, isn't that something? interviewer: Oh, dear 853: Uh interviewer: #1 Do you wanna borrow # 853: #2 And then # interviewer: mine? Maybe mine? 853: No, goodness. I have cataract operation. interviewer: #1 Oh well, mine probably wouldn't be # 853: #2 Then you see # back here on the back end was an old, was a long kitchen. interviewer: All the way cross the back? 853: Yeah. All. You went down these rooms, you know, to sleep in them. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Clean up, clean up that old big wide hall. Wide as this. interviewer: Wow. That was a big hall. 853: Uh-huh. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh Then you went back there into the kitchen and had your own wood stove and everything over here and over in this end a great long table and two benches interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And papa slept, ate at one end, mama at the other. In that big old chair right over there. interviewer: Oh, no kidding. #1 You have a # 853: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: chair from that house? How marvelous. That's great. 853: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Did you ever sit in one of them? interviewer: I bet it's heavy, too. It's comfortable, isn't it? 853: Yeah. interviewer: It kind of slants back or something. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: It's comfortable than just an ordinary wood chair. Well-made, isn't it? 853: Huh, you can't {D: comment} about that. interviewer: Now yes I can. That's good. 853: Oh, I didn't interviewer: put in the kitchen. Yeah. That's good. Where did you sleep? Which room did you sleep in? 853: Oh, I don't. interviewer: You don't remember? {NW} 853: I don't remember. But mama and papa always had the biggest. One of 'em was a great big old room. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then the boys all slept on they had big beds. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they'd sleep two in a bed. And the oldest one always had one bed to himself. {NW} interviewer: Oh, great! {NW} 853: And then we girls I had a room one now uh when we lived there of course I had these {D: older sisters white home} And they had their room together. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then I slept with another two, my next sister. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And a baby sister wasn't born. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: She was born in another place. interviewer: Uh, oh. 853: But in Bosqueville but down on the river. This was up in interviewer: Yeah, yeah. What was the house like for you were, were on the river? The next one. The, the the house at uh Chalk Bluff? 853: Oh, it was a big two story house. interviewer: Oh, was it? 853: Uh-huh. And they had all the bedrooms except one upstairs and we had a kitchen and a dining room separate, separate downstairs. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then we had a what you would say to them, master bedroom that was papa and mama's. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh, then they had a great big l- well they used it as a storage you know. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: That's where everybody's clothes hung. interviewer: Oh. Uh-huh. In a, in, in a room, or? 853: Yeah. Just in a didn't have a closet in the house. interviewer: Huh! 853: But now upstairs mama curtained up off a place for the boys. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the rest of was mama and papa's clothes have, she curtained it off then fixed it so as it didn't show and you had to go out go through there interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: To get out on the back. Get out the back or you could go out to the kitchen out of the back. interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. I see. Well, um Did you ever see piece of furniture where you could hang your clothes in it? 853: No. But we didn't have any. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: I don't know why but we didn't. Yeah those are wardrobes. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 853: You know. interviewer: Were they very big or were they very tall or were they just 853: Yeah. They were tall. I've got a a cedar wardrobe that fifty, sixty years old. Did you ever see one? interviewer: No. 853: Cedar wardrobe? interviewer: I don't think so. 853: I'll show it to you. interviewer: Okay. 853: Ah, you uh you're gonna see part of my house {D: sits uh} interviewer: {NW} 853: It's an old-fashioned. interviewer: Yes it is {X} 853: You and I and get some food interviewer: Uh-huh. You sleep in there? 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Okay. 853: And then this other room my other bedroom and a dining room was next to the kitchen. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. I bet it doesn't get too hot out here, too often 853: No no no. Uh, raise that I keep the window up on the front porch interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I have to have a sheet for a morning. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: It's amazing. interviewer: Oh, did y'all ever have a fireplace in this house? 853: Huh? interviewer: Did y'all have a fireplace in this house? 853: No, there wasn't a fireplace in that one. interviewer: Did you have a fireplace at the two-story one? 853: Uh-huh. interviewer: What do you call that, um {NW} the thing that the smoke goes up? 853: Chimney. interviewer: Okay. 853: Yeah. interviewer: And uh what do you call that thing up above the fireplace we put plates 853: Mantel. interviewer: Um, what do you call that open space that comes in front of the fireplace? Oh it's usually brick out 853: The hearth. interviewer: A what? 853: The hearth. I call it hearth. interviewer: Okay. 853: But uh, a lot of people call it hearth, you know. interviewer: Is that right? 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Well. I've, I've heard both, you know. 853: But I think it's hearth. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 853: I-I think the correct correct pronunciation is hearth. interviewer: Okay, okay. Um What do you call those uh 853: Andirons. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 Gee, I can just sit here and let you talk I wouldn't even have to ask questions. You know what I'm gonna say. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: {NW} 853: {NW} interviewer: People used to, to build fire with a great big piece of wood in the back. 853: Oh yeah. Backlog. interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: And um What would you call the kind of wood that you start a fire with? 853: Kindling. interviewer: Okay. What did y'all use for kindling? 853: Well, uh We usually had a a pasture that had cedars in it. interviewer: Oh. 853: And they'd cut down a cedar tree and it'd be dead by winter and they'd use cedar. Kindling. interviewer: Uh-huh. Boy there's nothing smells better than cedar 853: No. That's right. interviewer: Oh I love it. 853: {NW} interviewer: Um, when the fire burns down, what do you call that stuff that's left on the bottom of 853: Ashes. interviewer: Okay. And, and that black stuff that that's left in the chimney when the smoke 853: Soot or soot. interviewer: Okay. 853: What do you call it? interviewer: Soot. 853: #1 Soot. That's what I thought. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh 853: It can be either. interviewer: Yeah. 853: #1 It's like either or either you know. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 853: They, ei- either one's right. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: It's according to where you live. interviewer: #1 That's right. Yeah, that's right. And you said the wrong thing for where you live. # interviewer: #2 Um-hmm. Okay. # 853: Yeah. You know, I really got perturbed yesterday and I'm going to write him a letter. interviewer: Was it? 853: Uh Jean Rayburn They made fun of a woman from uh Greenville, Texas. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And she did not talk any worse than you or I. interviewer: Hmm. What did she say that it was strange, do you know? 853: Not, not. It's just one thing she said uh let me see what was he made and every time he'd uh ask her a question or ask the rest of 'em a question he'd use that same word what was it? And he'd When she said uh her home home interviewer: Yeah. 853: And he'd say home. It was awful. interviewer: Just making fun of her? 853: Hmm? interviewer: Was he, well did he make fun of her? 853: Yeah. interviewer: That's nasty. 853: Well. I I you know. I don't think that that you or I talk enough like Texans to be made fun of. interviewer: Yeah. 853: But he'd, he, they kept on. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they uh the group did. interviewer: No, I don't like that 853: It was sickening. interviewer: Yeah. That's, yeah. 853: It was really rude. interviewer: Besides that, if if you and I were to go someplace else you know, where they're not 853: #1 Not that noticeable. # interviewer: #2 {X} any of us. # Yeah. Yeah. 853: No. No. I don't think so. interviewer: Uh, let's see. What do you call that piece of furniture that three or, two or three people could sit on, or four people? 853: Couch? interviewer: Okay. You've ever heard it called anything else? 853: Davenport? interviewer: Okay. The same thing? 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Okay. Uh What do you call piece of furniture in the bedroom that you fold your clothes up and put 'em in? 853: A bedroom and what? interviewer: Piece of furniture in the bedroom and you fold your clothes up, put your clothes in that? 853: Oh. Dresser? interviewer: Okay. 853: A bureau? interviewer: Okay. Um 853: Chest of drawers? interviewer: Okay. Are all those the same thing? 853: No. There's a bureau and a dresser's the same thing. interviewer: Yeah. 853: We used to call them bureaus. interviewer: Yeah. 853: That was this, that was the first furniture that came out had a mirror and a place drawers, you know. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Now they call them dressers. interviewer: Yeah. What's the difference between that and a chest of drawers? 853: Well, the chest of drawers don't have a mirror. And it's up upright completely and just drawers. interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: Um What do you call those things that you pull down at the window there like those green things? 853: Window shades? interviewer: Okay. Uh 853: I like 'em interviewer: Oh, yeah. I do, too. 853: I, I've got I've got some good Venetian blinds somebody can have, I'd sell 'em. interviewer: Is that right? You don't like 'em, huh? 853: They're too hard to keep clean. interviewer: Oh, yeah. 853: Now I'll tell you about me if I can't keep anything clean I don't want it. interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Me, too. I don't want to have a fool with it. 853: No. Now my house might look cluttered but it, it has to be clean. interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, me too. Except my husband is Well, I started to say he wouldn't much help but I don't know what he He's neater than I am in a way. He leaves his shoes out {X} where fall over 'em. 853: Yeah. But he puts up things up that I leave out, so I guess it sorta evens out. Well. My husband was a fanatic, I guess. He wouldn't let me put his clothes away he was afraid I'd get 'em wrinkled. interviewer: {NW} 853: And I was glad. interviewer: That's great. My husband's that way about ironing. You know, he, he won't let me iron his shirts. He has to iron his shirts. It's great. That's the way I wanna keep it, you know. 853: #1 Sure. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # The other day and he asked me to iron shirts because he was in hurry and I did. And I really did the best I could, I did the best I knew how I was very careful and he wasn't satisfied with it. 853: {NW} interviewer: He had to go back and redo it. {NW} 853: Well, not many men can iron but interviewer: I know. 853: Anyway interviewer: I just seen mine keep on though. {NW} 853: You see that clock up there? interviewer: Yeah. 853: I got to wind it up. Uh John's grandfather and grandmother went to housekeeping with it. interviewer: Is that right? 853: You know that was what a man used to give his wife for uh wedding present. interviewer: A clock? 853: A clock. interviewer: That's beautiful thing. 853: And this one over here It, uh I wouldn't let it run because it needs cleaning so bad but it keeps good time. interviewer: #1 Oh, that one's, that one's beautiful. # 853: #2 But I've been offered three-hundred dollars for that one. # interviewer: {X} Wait, did you all get this when you started when you were married? 853: No, no. Uh That belong to my brother's mother in law. interviewer: Oh, I see. 853: And uh, his wife was their only child. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And when she died, why he gave it to my baby sister and she gave it to me before she died. She said she interviewer: It looks old. 853: Mm-hmm. It is. Mm-hmm. But that one up there is well over a hundred. interviewer: Is that right. It still keeps time, huh? 853: Beautiful. interviewer: Great. What do you call that space at the top of the house 853: Attic. interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the, the covering of the house? That uh, 853: Roof. interviewer: Okay. Um What do you call, uh, a little room off the kitchen where you put canned goods 853: A pantry. interviewer: Okay. And what would you call a bunch of old worthless things that you're fixing to throw away? 853: {NW} Junk interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: What would you call a room where you keep stuff like that? 853: Catchall. interviewer: #1 Okay, okay. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: {NW} We've got a We've got a drawer. In in the kitchen cabinets right under the telephone we call it the catchall drawer and my husband said the other day, he said did you ever notice how well a catchall drawer works. Just as soon as you call it a catchall drawer. 853: Yeah. interviewer: Everything in the house starts going in there. 853: Do you call it that? interviewer: Yeah. 853: Well, we all so. {NW} interviewer: Um What do you call that thing that you, that you sweep with? 853: Broom. interviewer: Okay. And um That thing right there is a 853: Closet. interviewer: Oh, uh. 853: No? interviewer: Just this part of it is the? 853: Door. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Now if, if there was a broom right here, leaning against this, this thing right here? 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: And uh the closet door was open and you want me to get that broom, then how would you, and of course I couldn't see the broom. 853: Yeah. interviewer: Uh, how would you tell me where the broom was? 853: To close the door. interviewer: Okay. Where would you say where would you say the broom was? 853: It's behind the door. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh. 853: That's a, like I said a while ago and now I say behind. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Behind the door. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. We get some people who say really strange things like uh hind side of the door. 853: Yeah. interviewer: Ever heard anybody say that? 853: No. interviewer: Me either but But, but it's on here. They say somebody says that. 853: Mm-hmm. Well, I would say. interviewer: Not anybody I've ever talked to. 853: {NW} interviewer: Um If your clothes are dirty, you have to do what to 'em? 853: Wash 'em. interviewer: Okay. And then you have to? 853: Iron. interviewer: {X} 853: I hate to iron. interviewer: I do too. I won't get close enough to iron. 853: No, never. Again. interviewer: Me either. 853: Mm-mm. interviewer: As, as long as Buddy irons his shirts, that's fine. My clothes like this You know it's wrinkled down but I've had it on all day This, I can just take it out from the washer and 853: Sure. Dried, while it's drying, when it, dry put it on. interviewer: Yeah. 853: This, too. interviewer: Yeah. #1 That's all kind of # 853: #2 This stuff # dresses old as I am. And uh interviewer: Looks good. 853: Every time it's washed, it's ready. interviewer: Yeah. That's, that's best kind of dress ever. 853: I give a little more from my material, I of course I don't sew anymore. interviewer: Oh. 853: I used to I made this dress and I am it's been seven years since I had my eyes operated on. interviewer: Is that right? 853: #1 So I don't sew anymore. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 853: And I had a brand new machine it does everything. interviewer: Oh, boy. And then you had to have your eyes operated on. 853: Yeah. And I tried to give that machine to my daughter she has one. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And but the granddaughter didn't. And she sews real good but she didn't want it. She said, no, if I have a machine I'll have to sew. I don't want to. I just buy 'em ready made. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 I understand that. # My mother sews and she made all my clothes when I was growing up and I just never was interested. And I don't have a sewing machine for the same reason. 853: Yeah. But Eugene uh the granddaughter uh she makes uh she made her some beautiful pant suits. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: But and I, I was surprised. interviewer: Yeah. 853: I totally surprised that she could sew. I didn't know she could sew. interviewer: Huh. 853: And never had. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh But she teaches and she don't have time. She trails around after that fourteen-year old boy all everything that happens and interviewer: Oh, yeah. 853: They don't have time. interviewer: Well, you know it's nice to able to sew sometimes because you could make things a lot cheaper. 853: Oh indeed you can. interviewer: #1 Especially simple things. # 853: #2 Right. # And I could always uh draft it. I learned drafting when I went to A and M. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I could draft my own patterns. I could go and look at an expensive dress and then draft me a pattern and interviewer: Yeah. That's great. 853: Then you see. interviewer: Um. Did you have to go to College Station all the way out to the university when you 853: Did what? interviewer: Did you have to go to College Station to, to the university to 853: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. interviewer: They have, you know all these, um {D: Ceters} around, and I didn't know if you'd gone to the university or if you'd gone to one of the 853: No. No, I went to A and M proper down to {D: Bryan} or College Station. interviewer: Whatever, yeah. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: We have a I guess you call it uh agriculture extension center. 853: #1 Mm-hmm. # interviewer: #2 right near us. Right near where my husband and I live # 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: They do all kinds of things there. They even have a they even have a field and they grow stuff and they grow what 853: {NW} interviewer: I don't know if they're testing hybrids or or something. #1 You know, different kinds of corn or stuff that have different kinds of weed and they have a # 853: #2 mm-hmm.Mm-hmm. # interviewer: a patch that's this high and another patch is this high, and another patch is this high, you know right outside each other doing some kind of experiment. 853: Showing the difference in a growth and why. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Um What would you uh what would you call that thing that you use to get from the first story to the second story in a two-story house? 853: Stairs. interviewer: Okay. What if these stairs were attached to the outside of the house, would you call them the same thing? 853: Steps. interviewer: Okay. Okay. And uh even if they went all the way to the second story? 853: No, it would be a a stair. interviewer: Okay. Okay. 853: Stairs. interviewer: Uh You said you had a porch on that that house there. Uh, would you call it the same thing if it was in the back? 853: Yes. interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm, Mm-hmm. interviewer: What if it went around three sides of the house? 853: Well, if sometimes there are around porch interviewer: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. 853: Circles the house. interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. You still call it a porch though. 853: Porch. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Mm-hmm. # interviewer: What if it was on the second story then what would you call it? 853: Balcony. interviewer: Okay. Alright. 853: Counter? interviewer: If the door was open and you didn't want it that way, you might ask someone to get up and 853: Close the door. interviewer: Okay. Or if you didn't say close the door, you'd say 853: You'd say, shut the door. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: Uh What do you call those boards on the outside of the house that run this way and then kind of overlap each other? 853: #1 Well. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 853: Weather board. Weather boarding. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh did you tell me that you still drive your own car? 853: Yes. interviewer: When did you learn to drive? 853: {NW} I was fourteen. interviewer: Do you remember it? 853: Yes. interviewer: Who taught you? 853: I taught myself. interviewer: You're kidding 853: I was a, my daddy called me cat. He thought I could do anything. interviewer: Yeah? 853: And he was a big, fat man. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And if he wanted anything done and arrange a car you'd oiled your own car then. interviewer: Oh. 853: Way back. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: We had a {D: Lolone Mac} Maxwell. interviewer: Oh. 853: Sheriff down here you know, outside. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And he put me on the data drain that thing 'cause he couldn't get under there. interviewer: {NW} {NW} 853: #1 And we # interviewer: #2 Too big, huh? # 853: W-well, he's stiff you know, I guess and didn't want to. He, he I guess he could- couldn't get under there very easy cuz he was fat. interviewer: Yeah. 853: But I wasn't fat then like I am now. But uh We had a farm down in East Texas. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And he went down there one time and I saw him leave the keys on the clock shelf. To the car. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I'd been watching him drive and riding with him everywhere he went, you know. And I got in that thing, he was {D: swooping down the} county farm down here just trees and trees, and trees. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Wasn't but one way in or out. And I got in that car and got it started and I began to stay around mango trees, mama ran out hollering Sugar, oh Essie, sugar! interviewer: {NW} 853: Well, I just kept on going just as far as I could. interviewer: {NW} 853: And you know where I went? interviewer: Where? 853: I went all through Cameron park cuz I couldn't stop. interviewer: Oh, fuc- {C: voice vibrating with laughter}. You didn't know how to stop it? 853: No. {NW} interviewer: {NW} That's a scream 853: But I finally found out before I get back and I just drove in there as if as I'd been driving always. interviewer: I love it. That's fantastic. Figured out where the brake was? 853: {NW} interviewer: That's great. You've been driving ever since? 853: Oh, yes. interviewer: {NW} 853: #1 Do you have an # interviewer: #2 You know, # I don't understand people who, who don't drive or just uh so cooped up, you know. 853: This woman next door has been living there forty-one years now and I've taken her every place she's ever been. Until last year two women across the {NW} Excuse me. Across the street. #1 And she go church together, you know. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 853: Not to Sunday morning church. But women's society and things you know. {NW} {NW} But I take her to get her groceries take 'em to the doctor. interviewer: That's really kind of a burden if You have to take some 853: And take her everywhere she goes, I take her to the fair yeah, I take her every month fair build. Well I pay mine by check. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Because it's easier for me. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And sometimes I can't drive. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I have s- dizzy spells, you know. interviewer: #1 Yeah. You don't want to # 853: #2 Since I had that heart trouble, # I wouldn't get in the car dizzy, no way you could fix it. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And she would call and I'll say Ms. William, you have to wait until tomorrow. And she don't have to, she don't like to wait. Not one minute. interviewer: {NW} 853: I'd say I can't go today. interviewer: Yeah. You're awful good to take her to {X}. 853: I don't mind to take her and her husband was a veteran. And uh, he was at Temple In Temple eighteen months hospital. interviewer: Oh. 853: I took her every other day to Temple interviewer: Goodness, that's a thirty-minute drive. 853: Until winter came that winter and it John said well my dear, I think you ought to not have to go down there, it might come up a cold spell and she has an aunt she could stay with, you know. interviewer: Oh. 853: So I told her, I said, I'll tell you Miss Willy, I'll take you to the bus station and she didn't have the money. I said, I've got it. I'll pay you bus fare down and back. And I get her a round ticker. Get her a she'd get her a round trip ticket and I'd go back at eight o'clock every other night meet her. interviewer: {NW} 853: Down. Bus station in town, you know. {NW} And uh interviewer: Is it, it's a real I would think it be so inconvenient for her not knowing how to drive, you know. 853: I don't know how people get along. interviewer: I don't either. My grandmother was that way. My mother had to take her when she leave or daddy did it. 853: My mother couldn't drive either, of course, but you see, my mother has been dead thirty years. interviewer: Hmm. 853: And old women didn't used to drive, you know. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh, But she had a buggy. interviewer: Yeah? 853: As long as she lived. She nailed it, she kept that buggy. interviewer: Is that right? 853: She went where she pleased. interviewer: Huh. 853: Phaeton, you know. interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, uh-huh. 853: And uh, nice horse, nice buggy. interviewer: Oh, I wish I had horse. Wish I had, wish I had an excuse to get a horse. {NW} 853: {NW} interviewer: Uh wanted a horse all my life my parents never would get me one and, and uh now that I'm married, grown, I understand why they didn't. {NW} They cost a fortune. 853: Sure. interviewer: {NW} 853: Right. interviewer: But one of these days 853: Well, what are you doing in Waco? interviewer: Well I'm just down doing this. 853: Doing this? interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. I've got to find two people 853: Where is your husband? Is he here? interviewer: He's in Dallas. No, I talked to him every night on the phone though for about an hour. {NW} I talked to him last night for thirty minutes. 853: Oh, I know. interviewer: Yeah, we live now, if I live in A suburb just north of Dallas. You've heard of Richardson? Richardson? 853: Yeah, I know. I have a niece lives there. interviewer: Oh, do you? Yeah. Olympus uh is there. We have house and uh he works for Texas Instruments. 853: For what? interviewer: Texas Instruments. 853: Uh-huh. {NW} interviewer: It's a big company. 853: Yeah. Well, I'll tell you. World's changing so rapidly. interviewer: #1 And you don't have # 853: #2 I don't have # interviewer: Go ahead. 853: I can't uh it makes me mad for people to talk about young people. interviewer: Yeah. 853: I've always been to where I could identify with them. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh You know, I have a two boys and a girl. They know I go, I'm the first person in church on Sunday morning. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Because I can read my Sunday school lesson over and get more out of if I get there down the first. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 853: And I study everyday. Far as that's concerned. But these two boys, grown boys sing in the choir grown men good-looking boys and this one girl they come by my door every morning in the world and come in and sat down and talk to me. interviewer: Oh, that's great. I love it. 853: And whenever they have a project I'll say, stop by now when you have another one. And I'll give them five or ten dollars, you know, for their project. Whatever they're doing. interviewer: Oh, that's great. 853: And when they wash cars every so often on the church lawn, I'll give 'em ten dollars and they just have a fit. interviewer: {NW} Yeah, I guess. 853: They, they wash 'em for a dollar, you know. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh interviewer: But they're always trying to raise money. 853: Well, I'll tell you. It is nobody's business and the preacher would die if he knew it I imagine but I tithe. interviewer: Oh. 853: But I don't put all my tithe in that church. I don't have to. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And that's the Lord's work too isn't it? interviewer: Yeah. Sure! 853: So if I give those kids something that helps them out interviewer: Yeah. That counts too. 853: They went to I'll tell you what I did. They went on the {X} interviewer: Uh-huh. That boat? 853: Uh-huh. And I bought all three of them a ticket. interviewer: No kidding. That boat looks like be a lot of fun. Have you ever been on it? 853: No. I was afraid to. My Kids went and they got me a ticket. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And uh I, I had just gotten out of the hospital and I decided I better not, I was kind of dizzy. interviewer: Yeah. 853: I was afraid I'd get sick. interviewer: Yeah. You might. If you can {X} 853: Um-hmm. interviewer: Well, let's see. What would you call the little building out back where you keep your gardening tools and stuff like that? 853: Storage. interviewer: Okay. Um Say you've got a house and the house runs this way like this and then this way too, so it's kind of L-shaped house, you know. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: And both roofs are peat 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Okay. Now then the place where they meet is kind of low-placed. Do you have the name for that- 853: Gable? interviewer: Okay. 853: Uh, or you know if the valley down might be gable? interviewer: Okay. The valley is the low place? 853: #1 Mm-hmm. # interviewer: #2 And the gables are the # 853: Uh-huh. interviewer: #1 Uh, the upper # 853: #2 Ex- # interviewer: Okay. Um Did y'all have an outdoor toilet when you 853: Oh, gosh, yes I still got one. interviewer: No kidding! 853: {NW} What do you call an outdoor toilet? Privy. interviewer: Anything else? 853: And toilet? interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Anything else? Ever heard called? 853: They used to call 'em privies. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Okay. That tape's fixing to run off. #1 Here, I got # 853: #2 No, uh # {NW} I heard last year, I heard some kids out back there and they turned it over. interviewer: Oh, no! 853: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 Not funny! # 853: Right against my little old barn interviewer: {NW} I've heard of people doing that. {NW} Did you have Interviewer: {X} Yup! Fixed it! Works on time. 853: #1 Telling you. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Ah. Interviewer: What all kind of buildings did you all used to have in farm? 853: Well, we had a hay barn. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What else? 853: And uh we had a-always when you picked cotton and uh Interviewer: {X} Interviewer: Okay. That's {X} 853: When they picked cotton and had a cotton gin, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well, you know, it takes the seeds out of that land. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well, my dad always had a seed bin. Interviewer: Oh. Uh-huh. 853: And they put the cotton seed on the land they fed the cows. Interviewer: Oh. 853: That for the winter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh {NW} You know that it, it uh really made lots of milk what a man that claimed that they give more milk {NW} the better they were fed and they cotton seed was a good feed Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They fed it to the cows. Interviewer: Was seed then in the barn or was it outside the barn? 853: Well now sometimes it was attached. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But a lot of times they had just a little old building {NW} and they'd drive up out there and had a high opening, and they'd throw the seed over there with a big old scoop. Interviewer: Hmm. Um-hmm, okay. Okay. Uh. Did you have a special building where you stored corn? 853: Corn? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well. Usually, sure. Uh-huh. Interviewer: What did you call that? 853: Uh, and a hay usually the hay was put in a loft. Hay loft. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Up. You know. Door up yonder. Platform and you put the hay up there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the corn down the bottom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. In barn? 853: Um-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. 853: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Did you have a # a special building where you, you stored grain? 853: Well, not not around here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Now I have in West Texas they do because they raise all grain, you know. {NW} They don't {NW} well, they do have cotton too, but now uh John had a nephew that had three sections of lands. Interviewer: Wow. 853: And he all he had was wheat. Interviewer: #1 My goodness. # 853: #2 {D: Bellaire} # something, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they thrashed it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And they didn't uh They had a place for that but they usually {NW} they had a silo, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, yeah. What did they use to do when they threshed the oats or whatever? 853: Well, they They sold it to localities where they didn't raise it, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they I mean, didn't as big as they did. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they'd ship a lot of that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Oh, he shipped that where you know all over the United, all over the world. Interviewer: Is that right. #1 How, how do you thresh oats, do you know? Or grain # 853: #2 No, they # have a regular thrasher Interviewer: Uh-huh. They do by machine? 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I suppose that, did you ever see him do without a machine? 853: Oh, no. No, I don't think he could. Now they shocked it. They put it in shocks you know, they cut it {NW} and, and bundle up a big one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then stand it up and then stand the smaller shocks around it, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They tied them in shocks is what they call them. Interviewer: Yeah, was the big one {D: shawks} is the smaller one was {D: shawks}? 853: Well, the, the You mean what? Interviewer: Well, okay, getting up on the little thing, right? 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And then you put all these little things together? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: The little ones, what do you call little ones? 853: They, they're just shocks too, little shocks. #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 853: #1 Um-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh. Um. Did you ever just pile up hay outside the barn? 853: Yeah, they'd make hay stacks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Oh, I got on a top of a hay stack and {NW} slide down a million times. Interviewer: {NW} Did you ever see a hay stack that was covered? 853: That what? Interviewer: That was covered? 853: Oh, yes. Interviewer: What did you cover with? 853: Well, a wagon sheet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. And? 853: You know, like they used to put over a wagon {NW} covered wagons. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh, okay. 853: And they put them on each side and that put it in then sometimes it wouldn't cover clearly to the ground, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they had put stakes out down this corners and stake it so the water would run off. Interviewer: Um. Um-hmm. 853: And wouldn't just sog it? Interviewer: Yeah. Worked pretty good? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 853: #1 Worked pretty good. # Interviewer: #2 That's great. # Um. What kind of animals did you all use to have? 853: We had cows and hogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And horses, mules. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: We always had {NW} uh two good horses to work to the phaeton. You know what a phaeton is? Interviewer: #1 It, it's a, I just know that # 853: #2 Double, seated thing. # Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: #1 It's kind of a # Interviewer: #2 Surrey. # 853: Surrey. Interviewer: {NW} 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And of course it took a wagon and all that to take us kids to #1 church every Sunday morning # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah I guess # 853: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 853: And uh But We always had a good buggy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Single buggy and a double buggy. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And uh had horses for that and then the mules to plow and Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: Work, you know. Interviewer: What did you call the place where you kept the horses? 853: Out in the barn in the or in the pasture. And they, some of them call it stomp lot. Interviewer: A stomp lot! 853: Stomp lot. Interviewer: I love it! That's great! Where was the stop lot? 853: Well, it was connected to where they couldn't get into the stalls where the cows would go in there and it was a You know, Interviewer: Just connected to the barn there? 853: Yeah, it was and fence stand with board fences, you know. Bound around it or barbed wire sometimes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I've had the barbed wire around it. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. What other kind of fences did you have? 853: I guess that's about all. {NW} Now out on the fen- the pasture proper, Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Well, they had barbed wire fences, you know. Fence off the farms, you know. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: From one farm to the another. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: They have a cedar post and barbed wire three or four or five Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Barbed wires. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Strung along. Interviewer: How did they, uh, use to make barbed wire fence? Do you know? 853: I don't. Interviewer: How did they get the wires stay on that? 853: Oh, they have staples. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Bent like a Nail on each end like, sharp on each end and bent. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: About that long. And you put your straddle, the wire nailed it in that post. Interviewer: Uh-huh, I see. That kept it on. How far apart did you have to put the post? Do you know? 853: {NW} Oh, I'd say as far from here to over there. Interviewer: Is it too long, all the way across? 853: No, post. I thought you said #1 Post # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah. I'm, yeah. Uh-huh # 853: Put the post, that far part and then that you'd, you'd have {X} You know, uh cows will get down their knees and crawl under Interviewer: Did 853: They learn, you know. Interviewer: {NW} 853: If they want it out bad enough. Interviewer: Just like a dog. 853: Uh-huh. And you'd put it down about that high Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then the next one up about like this so they couldn't get through. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And maybe, it all depended on your animal whether your, they were kind of wild or curious or whatever #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah, yeah. # Um. What kind of fence did you have up around your house? 853: Well, usually just about barbed fence without Uh, we never did. My dad and never would have a barbed wire fence around. Interviewer: Is that right? 853: He was a {NW} as he used to tell me he had more pride than brain Interviewer: {NW} 853: He used to tell me, I'd say well where do I get it? Interviewer: {NW} Oh. {NW} 853: But, uh. He'd have a board fence. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Painted white. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: I don't care if we rented or bought our farm or had our farm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: We always had some land and then rented some. But the house was on our land. {D:See.} Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 853: And we'd uh and I'll tell you. The barn, the lot and the yards were kept perfect on the outside. Interviewer: Is that right. That's hard to do. 853: Yes, it is. But I'll tell you, we had enough help the boys kept the yard and a fence fences up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And my daddy walked the fence line every weekend of the world see if the stock would get out or could get out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: He was a farmer. Interviewer: Yeah. I guess. Um. Did you ever have a a special place where you milked the cow besides the barn? 853: Sure. No, nothing only. Just the stalls. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You know. Interviewer: Always milked them in the 853: There'd be a shed come down and open. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the cows could walk in and they knew their stall. Interviewer: {NW} 853: That's That was a long trough. And then they had a s- section in there fenced it off and this one they'd have a board between them Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And this old whatever we called her Maggie, we had an old Maggie. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And Maggie go just to straight to her stall. Nobody better not get in there. Interviewer: {NW} 853: And she go then, that's where she ate and you milked her there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then We always We had a whole bunch. And it, the funny part about it, none none of us ever drank milk. Interviewer: My goodness. Did you all just sell it? 853: It, yeah. No. Gave it to dogs. Interviewer: Oh. You all didn't like it or what? 853: None of us I had one brother and one sister Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: and mama. They would drink milk but we churned it and made butter. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And had butter milk to cook cornbread and biscuit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: We had biscuit every meal. Interviewer: Oh, boy. {NW} Oh, yum. I love biscuits. 853: I used to. When I was ten years old. My mother worked in the field then. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: The boys were not all big and grown. Two of them were big enough to work on a field, in the field. And I cooked lunch when mama went to the field. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I stood on the box and made biscuit. Interviewer: {NW} 853: Not all of those kids to go bringing in the wood. Interviewer: {NW} That, that make you feel big? {NW} 853: Oh, I'll, I'll tell you. If it hadn't been for me a lot of times uh mama was a good cotton picker. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And never picked a lock on her life 'till she married. Interviewer: Is that right. 853: Ah, mercy. Uh, my grandmother was a school teacher you know, I told you that. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: She went to Oxford. And she thought that she was disgraced. Interviewer: By had her daughter pick up. 853: Work in the field. She never liked my daddy on that account. Interviewer: Is that right. 853: Papa didn't make her, mom just wanted to. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: And after well I did more cooking than all of rest of the girls put together. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What did you call the place where you kept the hogs and pigs? 853: Hog pen. Interviewer: Okay. Okay, what was it made out of? What is, 853: It was just, just boards and uh down at the bottom sometimes it have what we called chicken wire down toward the bottom so that they couldn't get under. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 853: {NW} Root under, we call it. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: That root Hold out of there. Interviewer: Yeah, they tend- 853: And they uh papa said now Jessie or Charlie Alier or Johnny You took what the house now have the uh milking done and slopped the hogs. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: slop the hogs. Interviewer: {NW} What did you use to slop the hogs? 853: Milk Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And garbage from what we'd have left. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You know where there's a bunch of kids eating and always left something in their plate, #1 you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 853: And you had a big outside of the kitchen door, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You had a big barrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And you put that garbage in there, you know. Interviewer: #1 What did you call # 853: #2 Scraps. # Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then they dipped it out of there and put it in barrels on a little red wagons they pull it out to the Interviewer: Is that right. 853: barn to the Interviewer: Did you have a special name for that particular barrow? 853: For what? Interviewer: For this, did you have a special name that particular barrow where you kept this the hog slop? 853: Ye- no. Just, just a Interviewer: Barrow, huh? 853: That's all. Interviewer: Yeah? Um, what's the shoat? 853: Shoat? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: It's a small hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the difference between a shoat and a pig? 853: Nothing. That's just pig, lot of pig but just called them shoats. Well, is a, a pig is a little one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And a shoat is a little bit bigger and then on up gets to be a hog. Interviewer: Oh, okay. I see, I see. Where people used to keep their, uh, milk and butter when they didn't have you know, a refrigerator? 853: You had a we called it a cooler. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: {NW} And it was just a You know like those uh, utility tables. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: You have one. You've seen them. Interviewer: Yeah. It's in the kitchen. 853: {X} down here and one up here, well, you put that stuff in there and you covered it with clean cloth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And it was in water. And it would drip down here that kept that when the wind put it outside it maybe under a tree or somewhere. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. Did it keep that cool? 853: Or out on the back porch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: We always had porches. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And put it out on the back porch and that wind will blow through that wet cloth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And every so often you, this one up here is where your pan would be with your water and you'd keep that filled with well water and it was cold coming out of that well. Interviewer: Um-hmm, um-hmm. Well, did it? Did you just have to um Was the was the cold off the sitting down in the water or did you just have to come and 853: Yeah. The water would be all- the cloth would be down in the water and then hanging up around all the way around. Interviewer: Awesome. 853: And of course flies or anything couldn't get in to the Interviewer: Oh. 853: butter. Interviewer: Yeah, I see. 853: Milk and stuff Interviewer: Kept it 853: And you put your milk in there in crocks. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 853: They go around crocks or big old big around and high up and you know, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: different shapes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then when it uh soured. Clabbered. Why you'd skim that cream off of there Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And a little bit of the clabber and that clabber went to the hogs {NW} and this little clabber and the the cream would make the butter and you'd have enough uh um butter milk you know to make cookie, biscuit, or corn bread. Interviewer: Huh! My goodness. 853: Or drink. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Did you ever # 853: #2 A lot of people did. # Interviewer: Did you ever use the clabbs before you think besides give it to the hogs? 853: No, we didn't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But uh, most people did. Interviewer: What, what could you use for? 853: You could drink it. Did you ever drink any clabber? Interviewer: No. 853: Lot of people {NW} uh would use it with corn bread and spoon but now we didn't. We didn't utilize much milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 You just didn't, your family just didn't like milk? # 853: #2 No. # Far as I, I know now and anybody ever knew I never tasted a milk in my life. Interviewer: My goodness. 853: And I could go over that, I keep it. To cook with, you know and everything. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I, I, I couldn't eat a bite and never did when I was kid. Uh, regular butter. Interviewer: Huh. 853: Cow butter. Now I eat margarine. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But it has to be melted on hot cornbread or hot biscuit. I couldn't just smear A piece of bread you know, spread it. Interviewer: That's probably good point that you don't. 853: Huh? Interviewer: It's probably better for you that you don't do that. 853: Yes, I know it. Interviewer: But I love the taste of butter. 853: I don't. Interviewer: Oh, that smells more I could stay. 853: I couldn't And I, I'm sure some imagination. Interviewer: Yeah, well. 853: It's, it's up here Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But uh, none of us ever drank milk much. Interviewer: Mm. 853: Now my brother, Lee and my sister, Thomarie They drank milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they drank it yet or my brother died but he did. But my sister drank milk anytime in preference of tea or something else. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 853: And mama liked milk. Interviewer: Oh. 853: But didn't take much to supply, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: A lot of times, they wouldn't drink milk, they drink, we drink water. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 853: We didn't have anything else. We didn't drink tea back in my childhood days. Interviewer: People just didn't have it, is that right? 853: {NW} Well, we lived out in the country and that was hard to get ice. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And we didn't have electric, electricity, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} strap water. 853: That lamp over there, sitting over there, it's a pretty lamp. Uh. Interviewer: #1 Near side of the house, get closer # 853: #2 My mother # My mother and daddy went {D: housekeeping} with that light. Interviewer: That's beautiful. 853: I've been offered three-hundred dollars for that. Interviewer: Amazing. 853: I said no, it isn't for sale. {NS} Interviewer: Did it's pretty. 853: And uh, when my older sister got married, my mother gave it to her. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And she was I did three years old, I told you. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I went to Wichita Falls and moved over down here when she got where she couldn't bury on herself. Interviewer: What was your name? 853: {B} She lived up there for fifty, sixty years. Interviewer: What did my parents no, that's my hometown, you said, Wichita Falls. Where would you tell that she lived, you know where, where at Athens? 853: She lived, uh, you know where {B} Interviewer: Yeah, sure. 853: She lived in {B} thirty years. Interviewer: Hmm. Well. My mother and daddy both grew up there. They may, uh #1 They might have known them, {X} if nearby {X} # 853: #2 {D: Was she, was she even after Waco when she told me, he said now} # She always called me sister. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the rest didn't. But she said now sister, I've got an another lamp but mama and papa gave me that never using it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: When I married. And she'd been married seven years. I didn't. And she said I want you to take it and have it. And she said so as far as I know, it's a saying weaken saying thing that was my mom #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 853: Now of course the {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And then the But that's what it makes effective, I believe. Interviewer: Oh, yeah. Yes. Lot, lot of things. I know what you're talking about. It's beautiful. It's very nice. 853: And my daughter has an antique shop. Interviewer: Oh, is that right? 853: #1 Out on the # Interviewer: #2 Here in Waco? # 853: {X} uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And she sells them every day at two and three and four hundred #1 dollars just like it. # Interviewer: #2 Just like that. # What do you call the step that you put in that kind of thing? 853: Huh? Interviewer: #1 What do you call the step that you # (no speaker): #2 Coal oil. Interviewer: Okay 853: Um-hmm. Interviewer: Uh. 853: Or kerosene. Interviewer: Same thing? Is that the same thing? 853: Kerosene, coal oil. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. {NW} What is, what is the name of the milk company? What do you call the milk company here in town? 853: Borden? Interviewer: Okay. Um. What if you didn't know the name of it and you wanted to go there, you know, you didn't know what the brand name was, but you wanted to go there, you'd say, where is the 853: The milk company, #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 What's another word for milk company? # 853: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. Let's see. 853: I don't really know. Interviewer: {NW} Um When you raised cotton. Um Well, tell me about raising cottons, tell me about you have to plant it first, I guess, and then what? 853: {NW} Yeah. Well you know, we have a planter. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And it has a round disk thing in this canister deal and you put your seed in there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And it, this thing rotates and then holes going outside Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And you open up when you plow, peer open up this thing. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And when you come along there well then the seeds drop down there you plant it. Interviewer: Um-hmm. Okay. And then after it gets up, three or four inches, then what do you do? 853: You chop it. Interviewer: Is that right? What do you do that for? 853: It well, you thin it out to of space. Interviewer: What about a foot? 853: I, I would say foot and a half. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Maybe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: It's according. Now, you know they the propagated corn where they they bred it up, I mean cotton where they bett- bred it up, Interviewer: Um-mm. 853: Somehow they'll get high as your head. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 But used to they had # cor- cotton wasn't very high, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 853: Well, they plant it closer together. {NW} But now these big stocks, {NW} well they get way up high and then they lap if you put them too close together. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 853: But, and you do want them to come close together when they get grown. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Yeah. I see. I see. 853: And then now, of course I notice uh the first person in McClone counted {X} getting the leaves off of that crop. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Off there so they could pick the cotton. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And that I'm quite sure would be with there uh cotton picker, uh machine picking. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Not people picking cotton. You don't find many people pick cotton today. Interviewer: No, I don't. {X} the machine does. I don't know if it's good or not, but I don't know. 853: But I picked uh {NW} I never picked any cotton. Interviewer: Is that right. 853: As I told you, I stayed in the Interviewer: #1 You were always back cooking. # 853: #2 House # Interviewer: {NW} 853: Right. I was a cook. But I tended to the kids. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: The grand kids, everybody else's kids. Little, colored kids on the farm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They come crying to get a lived in the house pretty close you know Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And their parents would be working in the fields. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Anyway, I'd tend to them. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. What would you call it stuff that grow up in the with cotton that you didn't want in there? 853: That you didn't want? Interviewer: Yeah. What, not the cotton, but other stuff that would grow up in there. 853: Well, it would just be uh grass and li- li- uh. Weeds Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And you thin. You thin that corn, cotton out and then of course you got all that stuff out of there and it was clean as it could be. {NW} And then you come along and you, with a cultivator. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And you plow all on each side you straddled it. You plow on each side and you have to heal it up. Soil up over there so that it could cover the roots good than people. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: #1 Cover down. # Interviewer: #2 Oh, I see. # What do you call that, thing the plow nights when you go through? 853: Middle buster? Interviewer: Uh. Well the, the thing in the dirt, that, that the plow base, what do you call that the 853: Row. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Right see here. {NW} You talking about the field, #1 how big is the field, I mean how big # 853: #2 A field? # Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Oh, it could be any size. {NW} #1 We # Interviewer: #2 How small can it be? # 853: Well, I would think that {NW} A field would be something that you plant. Plant acres. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I don't know it did when I owned a pen. Interviewer: If you had something only about half an acre, would you call that a field? 853: Well, now I've got an acre in {NW} Nearly two acres back there #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 853: And I call that my field. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: #1 Field, I would say. # Interviewer: #2 If # If you had something that was small, just like half or a quarter of an acre, would you call that a field? 853: Yeah you you'd say yeah out in the If it's vacant. Uh-huh. Interviewer: What if you had to plant in the strawberries? 853: Well, you'd say strawberry patch. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Uh. 853: Or in the berry patch. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Or out in the orchard, if they had trees. Peach trees or pears Interviewer: Yeah. Palms and so on. I wish I had a peach tree. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Peaches. Mm. 853: In the orchard. Interviewer: Did you ever see a kind of a Uh, uh a fence that was built in a zig-zag pattern like that, that was made out of 853: Yeah, uh-huh. They They lived that way, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call that kind of fence? 853: I don't know and I forgot. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Ah. Did you ever see a fence or, or a wall that made out of stone or rock? 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What do you call that? 853: A rock fence. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. 853: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} What would you say that your best dishes are made in out of? 853: Dishes? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well, porcelain or China? Interviewer: Um-hmm. Did you ever see a uh, an egg made out of that kind of stuff? 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Where did you all, what did you all call that? 853: A, an egg? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You know, what, you had a glass egg that they used them a lot of times so when the varmints would get the begin to get the eggs, well they get to use artificial eggs, you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or glass eggs. Uh-huh. {D:That had surprised to} 853: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Divided to crack? # 853: #2 Don't you know a dic- # Interviewer: {NW} 853: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Ah. What did you all use to carry water in? 853: Jug? Interviewer: Huh. 853: My kids were mad at me, especially my son in law. {NW} I had a little brown jug. And I've had it May you said mother, mother I've, you've had that jug as long as I could remember, I said I've had it {NW} long before I married. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And I've been married sixty years or more. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I let it sit out. I built me a a table, I used the first cabinet that I had when I went to keep in house, you know, it was just an old cabinet. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: You've seen them. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And it had a porcelain top. See. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: Round in here, round there, porcelain top. But all you had to do was unscrew that down here to get it all. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 853: And, so I don't want to do the rest of it. Interviewer: Hmm. 853: But I had an old machine. And I took the paddle. Paddle thing out of it. And I put that porcelain top and made a yard. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 853: #2 Table out of that. # On that machine deal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And it sitting by this little house out here, you told me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And I said that little brown jug out there with a uh a milk thing that you, jar, you know that you hold, you put the milk in. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: And it rained and it then it froze and burst them. Interviewer: Oh. 853: Both of them. Interviewer: Oh. 853: They were really mad at me. Interviewer: I guess. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Um When did that happen? 853: This weather. Interviewer: Yeah. Did ever had your pipes burst? 853: Hmm? Interviewer: Did you ever have your water pipes burst? 853: Oh, yes. Interviewer: Uh, when was that? 853: Oh, it's been several years ago. Interviewer: Yeah. What happened? Did you just not 853: I wasn't at home. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 853: #2 See # And uh I was in, I went to tower, little great grand son was baby. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And he was gonna have his tonsils removed {NW} and the grand daughter liked uh three days getting her masters. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And she had to go to {D: Nikadoshtures} which was seven to eight miles wide. Interviewer: Oh. 853: So, uh there was got, they had scheduled to have Blake's tonsils taken out. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I said, well I'll go home with you in ten, ten time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I stayed in the hospital with him and take him home and so I did. {NW} And uh When, and the weekend was up, why they wasn't going bring him out and bring him home, the weather was bad. Interviewer: Mmm. 853: And my daughter came to tell her after me. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And when we get back home, a pipe under the sink had burst and that kitchen was full of water. And a pipe the come in the house into the end of the bath tub had burst and I had the water cut off {X} cut it off, but then they didn't get it cut off good see Interviewer: Oh. 853: And it burst in that bathroom was full of water. Interviewer: Oh, boy. 853: And the lavatory was full of water frozen. Interviewer: Oh. Oh. 853: I tell you, I never had such a mess in all of my life. Interviewer: Yes. So could you even stay here? #1 Would you have to go some place else to stay while they fixed it? # 853: #2 No, I didn't. I stayed at home. # She wanted me to go home with her that night, I said, no I'll stay here. And turned on all the fires and made that a thaw out of all that mess. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 853: And uh Interviewer: They have your place all that time? 853: Mm-hmm. Next morning, I called the plumber. Interviewer: Mm. 853: He said, I don't know Ms. Tairlette might have be awake two to four and get to you. So we got more bursted pipes than I've ever had in all my life. Interviewer: Is that right. 853: I said, oh, mercy, mercy. for singing oh, here he comes. Interviewer: {NW} 853: I said, how come you to get to me so quick. He said, I left some. Interviewer: Ah. That's nice. 853: And that's not too nice. That's not fair. It Interviewer: Well it's not fair but it sure was nice for you 853: Good for me. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} It's nice to know that somebody he'll do that for you. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Things happen, I guess. Uh. What would you carry, what would you call the thing that you ca- that you carry water in, that's made out of wood? 853: Bucket. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if it was made out of plastic? Oh. 853: Well, it'd still be a bucket. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if it was made out of a, galvanized metal? 853: Well, you might say uh, I've got an old tin bucket. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. 853: But uh, we had a, you know, as I told you, my dad was particular and mama was too. But uh He wouldn't let us have a bucket We had a bucket in the dipper and everybody drink out of the same dipper, you know. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: Way back yonder. {NW} But they had to be cedar. #1 bucket. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Yeah. I bet it tasted good. 853: Pretty. And mama, I can just see her yet, those uh stays, it was put together, you know. Did you ever see one? Interviewer: I think so. I, 853: Little wide stays they call them Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they used to put together and then they had these about that wide Interviewer: #1 About inch? # 853: #2 Brass bands. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Went around it. Interviewer: #1 About an inch wide? # 853: #2 And mama # Huh? Interviewer: About an inch wide? 853: Uh. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And mama every week of the world, she polished that brass and it was just beautiful. Interviewer: No kidding. #1 I bet that it was pretty when that sheened. # 853: #2 Yeah. # Well, I had one when we moved out here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: We built that bathroom just like in that hall just like it is. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then that room was a living room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: That my bed room, where we went a while ago. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Was a living room. And then we had the bedroom up back because that was a coolest room, and then that was a kitchen and dining room together. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 853: See. Well. Then of course as I told you measure we got richer, Interviewer: Yeah. 853: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 853: We built this own. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. #1 This one the portraying thing that just one here? # 853: #2 No, no. # Wasn't a thing And, but then when we built it, while we had a, wait a minute. Right there. We had a partition. And this was a bed room and that was a kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But About fifteen or eighteen years ago I added six feet out on that end of of the kitchen. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 Made it longer. # And I added six feet here and took this partition out and put that divider there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: To make this a dining kitchen together. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Next to the nice, big open space. # 853: #2 Um-hmm, um-hmm. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And this is a big walk-in closet. That's the only closet in the house. You know when we built, the one that closet built, people didn't use to have closets. Interviewer: Uh-huh, I see. 853: They just had, they hung their clothes behind the doors. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. That seems so strange to me, but I guess it's a bit seems strange to have closet for people that didn't use to. 853: Um-hmm. Interviewer: Which do you like best, is it handier this way, or handier the other way? 853: But that's, that's only closet I've got. Interviewer: Huh. 853: I've got uh, that cedar wardrobe but you still have full it did Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then I have an old uh, wardrobe up yonder that has a hat place for the hats up this top. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And then it has three or four drawers here and then you have nothing hang here. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And I use that in my spare bedroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's nice. 853: So. Interviewer: Uh. What all kinds of uh cooking utensils did you use to have? 853: We, mostly, we had um an old iron pot. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: You've seen it, legs, three legs Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: Pots. Lid. And of course we had wood stove. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. 853: And you, sometimes you'd a- you'd have a pot that would, you could take that eye off of this stove and it set closer to the fire. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 See. # Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 853: And then we had uh tin this tin boilers and tin pans to cook biscuit in. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: We had a great big old {D: can moon?} And it hold out about hundred biscuits. Interviewer: My goodness. This make me hungry. {NW} 853: Mama made biscuits everyday. I made biscuits everyday when we moved out here. And I, everybody else did. And we didn't have white bread when John and I married Interviewer: Is that right. 853: And he had to carry much. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: He worked down at the railroad shops Interviewer: Yeah. 853: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 So he carried biscuits? # 853: I put biscuits out, I put in, uh. He likes scrambled eggs and they would fix a sandwich, that's what you call it, biscuit sandwich better. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And we always raised our own meat. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: Or bought it in big slabs. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I had to fry and I cut it so it fit in that biscuit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: On top of his egg. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: {X} 853: And I'd make about three of that. Interviewer: That sounds good. 853: And about two of preserves and jelly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Something. Interviewer: Yeah, that sounds good. 853: And I always had uh cake or pie. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: For his lunch. Interviewer: {D:Cram} hungry. {NW} 853: And he never drank coffee, he didn't drink much, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh I didn't have fix anything. Now I, later on when he got to work in nights, Uh. I get out fix him a thermos of hot coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah, yeah. 853: But of course, we had live bread later on. But for years in after we married uh and I went to A and M first time, uh, I learned to make a yeast bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh. I made my own bread. Interviewer: Oh, boy. Is it hard? 853: Oh, no, no, no. And I could make the life of a bread I, I made it. Oh, I sold it. I organized the farm women's market. Interviewer: No kidding. 853: Yeah. And we had a, on north 18th. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Right off the Waco drive on right over in front of Sears on that corner there. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: About three or four years and there was about ten of us country women, I never had any uh, milk and butter, you know, 'cause John did couldn't milk. My daddy gave me a a heifer cow. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And I, milked her with the first cow. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And John disrupted every night he'd come in 'cause I had the milk and he couldn't milk. Interviewer: Why couldn't he milk? 853: He'd, huh? Interviewer: Why couldn't he milk her? 853: Well, he just never had milked and he just never did learn. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And he kept saying I'm not gonna learn. Interviewer: How fun. 853: Those get rid of it, and we sold it. Interviewer: {NW} 853: And you know what I did? I sold that cow and I got eighty-five dollars for and I gave ninety dollars for my uncle who had a furniture store in town for a rug for my living room. Interviewer: Great. Now that's how it go. That's great. Sell something and in, just about paying for something else. 853: Right. Interviewer: I know. 853: Sure did, and he told me, he said now Essie, I won't give you ten dollars off on that rug. {NW} And uh You can pay it out. And I said, no, I got my money. I'd better u- I'd better spend it. Interviewer: Pay it quick. {NW} Yeah. {NW} What did you uh, what did you all use to have to fry an egg in? 853: Skillet, an old iron skillet. I still got it. Interviewer: Is that right? Ah. 853: Heavy iron skillet. I've still got that old skillet and I I've got them somewhere I think they're just stored. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Stored. Uh. Old black iron uh muffin pans. Interviewer: Oh, boy. 853: #1 I wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 {X} that the way it turn. # 853: Oh, they do. Interviewer: {NW} Do you receive skillet's head three legs on it? 853: Huh? Interviewer: Did you receive skillet the head three legs on it? 853: No. It's just don't have anything on the bottom. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Just a flat. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: You know. {NW} Interviewer: Um. #1 What's the difference between a frying pan and skillet? Are they the same thing or # 853: #2 Yeah. # Right. Interviewer: Same thing? 853: Um-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh-hmm. What, what did people use to have right be black thing that they would set out in the backyard and build a fire under and, and bore clothes in there? 853: Yellow pot. Interviewer: Okay, okay. 853: Blue boiling pot. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Yeah. That's all we ever had. Interviewer: Oh. 853: Stand in poncho for thirty minute and then boiling. Interviewer: That's terrible. 853: Boil all over on that fire and when the boiled, when that water boil over here over that suds in it, you had homemade soap, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And it made lots of suds and when it would boil over, all that s- smoke and all that ashes would come up and set up right on your clothes. Interviewer: Ow. No! That's 853: If you weren't real careful. It'd boil over on it. Interviewer: Uh, I don't know how you keep it from it because you'd have to control over the fire. 853: Yeah, but you didn't uh, you didn't I pulled the fire out, I would never let it get that hot. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Just enough to keep it simmered around the edge. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: {D: I don't} I've seen people wear clothes that, that's black dirty. Interviewer: #1 From heaven that {X} # 853: #2 I # Didn't do that We never wore our clothes like that. We never were allowed to. We kids and I can remember. Mama make us get in a tub of water every night of the world and uh bathe before you go to bed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Get in that tub. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 853: And the boys had to bring the tub of water in there {X} you know. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. {NW} 853: Papa really made the boys wait on us girls. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: He waited on mama hand and foot. Interviewer: Is that right. 853: She waited on him but, Interviewer: Yeah, well, works both ways. 853: So- something that was a man's job, mama didn't do it other than work in the field. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: But you know why? Interviewer: Why? 853: Papa told me one time. He was cute as a {X} Uh, he told me one time he said you know, uh, I just couldn't go to the field without mother. Interviewer: Oh, how sweet. {NW} 853: I have to have her. Interviewer: That's nice. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: That's nice. 853: He said I'd pick on her going keep her up with me. Interviewer: {NW} Funny. 853: And you know. My brothers and I and sisters get together he- {NW} my house has always been head quarters. Interviewer: Oh. Is that right? 853: Yeah, even before mama and papa died. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Mom was sick a long time. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I was there every day and waited on her, she, they lived in town. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I'd go down over the weekend and they'd come out here or not. {NW} Papa could drive, he was, he still had a car and everything {NW} and they'd come out here and stay all the night with us. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: But uh, we kids have talked about it since we've been older. Older, and uh {D: back year} those kind of things. I never heard my mother and daddy have a cross word. Interviewer: Is that right. That's 853: I know they had them. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But they didn't let us kids hear them. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And you've seen men and women {NW} little old kids standing around, I had a sister that, he thrust and cursed and carried on her husband, and those kids just cried. Interviewer: That's terrible. 853: Daddy, please don't curse at mama. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Please don't curse at mama. I never heard my mother and daddy have a problem. Interviewer: That's great. That's good for the kids. 853: That's wonderful. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: That's wonderful. Well, John and I never did. Interviewer: Yeah. My husband and I don't have children, but 853: {NW} Interviewer: #1 It must be hard sometimes to back your tongue to lighter when you can say some. # 853: #2 Yeah, you do, you do have children? # Interviewer: We don't have any children, huh. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: They have to wait until later to say I didn't like that. {NW} 853: Yeah. Interviewer: You know. 853: Well. Uh. They, I don't know why, but we never were allowed to fuss as kids were not allowed to Us kids were not #1 Allowed to # Interviewer: #2 Is that right # 853: No No. The first thing mama did. Papa said now listen that's enough. I don't want to hear another word in there. But the boys, we girls never hardly ever fought. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But mama, if the boys got to fussing, I don't care if they're nine feet tall, she called man made him hug and kiss. {NW} They killed them. Interviewer: I guess. #1 {NW} # 853: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Worst thing she could've done for it, weren't they? {NW} 853: But uh And mama never uh She wore big old gathering apron tie around it and Interviewer: Um-hmm, um-hmm. 853: And she adopted many of times, she says, all right, young lady. Come here. Come, here. I don't whatever be some little something, she just want to give us spank or what. Interviewer: Hmm. 853: She gave that up and she did this way, and we looked at her just scream. Interviewer: {NW} 853: With the first holler, she quit. Interviewer: {NW} 853: She couldn't heard us. Interviewer: {NW} That's funny. 853: But you know, my daddy never hit me a little. Interviewer: {NW} 853: Never. I thought about that lot of times, just wanted my family didn't hate me. Interviewer: Why? 853: 'Cause I was the only one that he never did it with. Interviewer: Oh. {NW} You're right. 853: {NW} Interviewer: There's the one that they don't hate you. {NW} 853: But I'll tell you #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You must had it ramped around your little finger. # 853: I don't know why. But he was a, if there was any partiality showing he did it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I used to have a leg egg. And with the first holler ma-ma. Papa come out of that bed, I don't care which one it was. He come out of that bed and he got him on his lap and {NW} he rocked us kids If we had feet dragging on the floor. Interviewer: My, goodness. That's nice. 853: And uh I sat in his lap and mama grabbed my legs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Oh, that's great. 853: {NW} Interviewer: That's funny. We know it now , not me- not very many fathers would get up and 853: No they don't Uh-uh. Oh, listen. You let one of us kids get sick and he would enter {X} Interviewer: Is that right. 853: And then the day, the day my baby was born, she's born in that room of the under. Interviewer: Is that right? He would {NS} in advance. 853: They lived uh He was overseer, three farms out this way. And here we come. He'd been all the way to town in a buggy. They don't sold their car and the buggy, And he got, uh. Some steak. And I don't want all he brought me to eat. And I couldn't eat a bite of my life and spend it that night. But anyway, he brought it. And mama cooked it. She stayed with me. {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever get any of them to eat? Or did everybody else have to eat it? 853: #1 Did I ever get what I # Interviewer: #2 Did, did you ever get the, that steak? Or do you # 853: #1 Oh, yes. That day. # Interviewer: #2 Did they # Oh, that's good. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Didn't take you long, did it? 853: Yeah. The next day was all right. But I liked to bite and anyway, I didn't want to eat. Interviewer: Yeah. I guess. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Well, um. When you set the table, what are the you put on table when you set the table for dinner? 853: The uh, back in those days? Interviewer: Well. 853: Now? Interviewer: Now. 853: Anytime. Where you put the plate, knife and fork? And ice tea spoon uh, spoon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. If you're gonna have steak you might also put what on the table? 853: Salad of what? Interviewer: #1 You're gonna have steak, you might also # 853: #2 Yeah, yeah, but # You know, use steak knives and Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. #1 Think that. # 853: #2 Um-hmm. # Interviewer: Um. 853: And a salad fork, you know if you have your #1 Salad separate. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um. What do you call that thing that you put on the uh, on the stove that you boil water to make tea in? {D} 853: Stewer. Stewer, little stew pan? Interviewer: Um. Okay. Or sometimes just a little thing with a handle of spout? 853: Tea kettle. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: Uh. 853: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call that white thing right here that you put flowers in? 853: "Vase" or a "vase". {C: pronunciation} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. Which one do you say? # 853: I say "vase". Interviewer: Okay. You know any vase as vase? 853: Huh? Interviewer: Do you know anybody who says vase? 853: Yes, sir. Interviewer: You do? 853: Um-hmm. Interviewer: People around you saying that? 853: Ah. Yeah, there's much out of places I would been to say it. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: That is, that really is stupid. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 853: Now that's all right in England. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. I, I 853: But you couldn't make me believe in a thousand years anybody born and raised in Wichita Falls or or in Arkansas will say "vase". Interviewer: I know. {NW} I agree. {NW} That's true. 853: They're putting on. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, I think so, too. Uh. After woman washes the dishes then she does what with them in clear water? 853: They rinse them? Interviewer: Okay. Or, if she just dips them in, then you say? 853: Rinsed them? Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What do you call that cloth or rag that you use to wash the dishes? 853: A what? Interviewer: A cloth or rag that you use for washing dishes. What do you call that? 853: Ss- Interviewer: Put the put the soap on, you know, wash the dishes, what do you call that thing that you use? 853: The soapy rag? Interviewer: Uh Okay, or You, you usually have it clean fold it up and put in a drawer. You say, reach down there and get a clean 853: Cup towel. Interviewer: #1 Okay. That, you use that {D: cup tale} to dry or wash- # 853: #2 Dry them. # Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-hmm. What do you call that little square of terry cloth that you use to bathe your face? 853: Wash rag. Interviewer: Okay. That's where I {D:put in.} Um. If you want to just to get some water to drink, you would probably go into the kitchen and turn on the? 853: Faucet. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Or if it's out- # 853: #2 Or hydrant. # Interviewer: Okay, so the same thing? 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What if it's out in the backyard, what would you call it? 853: Same thing. Interviewer: Okay. Either one? Faucet or hydrant? 853: Um-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What if it's on a big portable water can? This, this big. What, then what you call it? 853: Well it's still a {NW} Well, now, {NW} I I know locales that they call it spicket. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. Did, did they 853: But I'd still stay turn on the hydrant or turn on the faucet. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Anybody in your family ever say spigot? 853: My brother did. Interviewer: Is that right. 853: But he uh He left home with a family of friends of ours and went to Dallas to work up there for him. And then from that he went to work on the railroad and he worked for many years in Canada. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And then Montana and Portland, Oregon. And he called it spigot. Interviewer: Uh-huh, I see. Okay. 853: He just laughed as us. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I said laugh-? You're the one who is comical, You're putting on. Interviewer: {NW} You know, you didn't raise like that. {NW} What did he say? 853: He'd say, oh, no I learned that from proper-talking people. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And he make fun of us, you know, and often laugh at us. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Uh. What did uh, what did molasses use to come in, when people used to buy fairly large quantity? 853: Well, they send it small to large barrows. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Um. If you had a salt box and the salt box didn't have uh any spout, did you have to get things {NS} shape like that? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call this thing? 853: You'd- Interviewer: Pour salt. 853: Funnel? Interviewer: What? 853: Funnel? Interviewer: Okay. Ah. Let me see. 853: Isn't it funny, I nearly forgot that. Interviewer: {NW} 853: What a fun of us, of course. Interviewer: Well, you know the most, the most common thing sometimes, #1 if you # 853: #2 It's hard to think. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. If you, if you're not using more than sometime, you don't think about what the # 853: #2 You know, I've got # Two or three in a little drawer over there that I use sometimes to fill up bottles Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh, uh-huh. # 853: #2 with or # something. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Ah, what did you use to urge your horses to go faster when your- 853: Whip. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If you bought some groceries at the grocery store, the checker would put them in a 853: Sack? Interviewer: Okay, what would that be made out of? 853: Paper bag? Interviewer: Okay, okay. Uh. How would you bag, buy a Well, what would fifty pounds of flower come in? 853: Usually in a flour sack. Interviewer: Okay. 853: What we use to call flour sack. Interviewer: Okay. Um. 853: And it was cloth. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Was it a pretty nice cloth? 853: Uh-huh. Made good cup towels. Interviewer: Huh. 853: That's the only cup towels we had. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. Okay. 853: Uh-huh. And my mo- my mother used to make my brothers' underwear out them. Interviewer: Is that right? {NW} Was it soft enough? 853: Yes, sir. Interviewer: Huh. 853: Sure. Interviewer: What would you, what do you call that thing that potatoes are shipped in? {D: Sackro} bag that the potatoes were shipped in. What do you call that? 853: Tow sack? Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: That's different from flower sack, huh? 853: Yes. Interviewer: How is it different? 853: Well, it's an old brown, uh some call it croaker sack. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And it's a more like this stuff. Interviewer: #1 Uh. Kind of a loose weaves stuff. # 853: #2 Uh-huh, uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Ah. {NW} What would you call the amount of corn that you might take to the mill one time to be ground? 853: Ah, you'd say bushel. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. You might say that wagon didn't have a full load, it just had a 853: Half a load? Interviewer: Okay. Is that the same as a jag? 853: Ah, yeah. You know th- there's no such a thing, you j- you, that's a slang. Interviewer: What, jag is? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh. Okay. Well, the jag mean half load or? 853: Oh, just made it a little dab. Interviewer: Oh- 853: Just had a jag of little jag, just uh Interviewer: Oh, I see. Okay, okay. Uh. When the light burns out in electric plant, we have to screw in a new 853: Bulb. Interviewer: Okay, or if you're gonna use two words, you'd say new- 853: Light bulb? Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Ah. If you carry out washing the hanging up on the line, you carry out in a 853: Basket. Interviewer: Okay. And 853: Bubble basket. Interviewer: What did nails come in usually? 853: Hmm? Interviewer: What did nails come in usually? 853: Well, they come in different things. They would come in a paper bag, nails. Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. What if you get a whole bunch? 853: Well. I don't know. I guess they come in a big, just a big sack. Interviewer: Okay, okay. 853: He was connected down at Baylor someway, he went to Baylor Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And she said that he told him, he said that if you wanna know anything about McClone county, you go see ms Terrol. Interviewer: I 853: #1 They # Interviewer: #2 They have more than one person showing up down here to talk to you. # {NW} 853: I said now listen. You better make tracks right back down there Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You threatened her? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well, what, what has he connected with Baylor do you? 853: I don't have not. Not much. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But he just knew somebody down there that went to some kind of reading club or some study club that he goes to. Interviewer: I see. 853: I don't know what. But he's always bringing me a whole mess of stuff. Interviewer: Is that right. 853: To read. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 He's just a friend, is that # 853: #2 Yeah. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well, let's see where it was here. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. 853: {NW} I didn't put on a ho- Well I had on hose {NW} I, yesterday, I went to the store. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I don't go anywhere without hose. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: So I put on hose when I came back, well of course I didn't take them off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I never do. Interviewer: Well, that's one thing that I like it wearing pants, is that I don't have to wear a hose. 853: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 I just hate to wear a hose, ah, hate them, hate them. # 'Cause I can't wear them ten minutes for that for that getting runner. You know it, some people can wear pear of hose for weeks- 853: Yeah. Interviewer: And be fine, but not me. 853: Well now you see I'm having a cripple foot. And I wear a little ash bandage nearly all the time. Interviewer: Oh, is that right? 853: Uh-huh. How- Interviewer: What did you do to it? 853: Well, I just fell and broke it and all the bones came out and I had gangrenes. Interviewer: Oh. 853: I was in a hospital and on crutches to over two years. Interviewer: My goodness. 853: And uh, I've been cripple for twenty-six. So uh, and it, you see, it began to swell. Interviewer: Um-hmm. I see that. 853: And by night it'll just be really high. And, then I can't highly walk, and it's, it's, I can move it that way a little. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But up and down, um. Interviewer: Yeah, I see. 853: And uh. But anyway, I put on my hose with that ash bandage on, I can't walk much without it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I can't pull up my hose or keep them straight, say my life with that snag in them. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Oh my little pins. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 853: I, I come with 853: you know, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: This can't do things. Interviewer: Those little metal gives most. Maybe you should look for one with the plastic. I think I've seen them with plastic #1 things they spend- # 853: #2 Well # Mine's metal Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What, wha- how did you fall when you 853: I just stood up and start to step over a little grass. I was working in my flower garden out there, I had everything. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Out that in that fifteen foot between me and the other. Interviewer: #1 Is that right. # 853: #2 On the other side of my drive. # And uh I had a friend that ran a sandwich shop in Bellmead. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: And another friend that helped her. And so I really wanted to go to California to see her son. Interviewer: Um-hmm. 853: She said get a assist to help you while I'm gone. {X} And so she was late and I was out there pulling grass out of that thing and I saw her coming and she always stopped at the front and I wanted her stop at the drive Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I started to step over my foot, this foot did that and this one went back. Interviewer: Ooh. 853: I wasn't fat then, I've been fat as I am now when I had a leg with it. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Hmm. # 853: #2 Sit down on it. # Interviewer: Is it bone sticking it out with 853: Oh yes I had on hose and they just sticking out then I couldn't tell what that was. {NW} Of course I was excited. Interviewer: Yeah. I think I would be little excited myself. 853: And every bone was sticking out of that hole and I had gangrene by the time that I got to the hospital. Interviewer: No kidding. 853: Lawrence came in and called ambulance and {NW} doctor came and {NW} It's funny to say, nurses, doctors, Marphey, Your pants are unzipped and your shirt tail was sticking it out. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 853: He got up in a hurry. Interviewer: #1 I guess you # 853: #2 Ew ew. # It was just good day back. Interviewer: Um. Yeah, just, just barely {D: wanted}. 853: But he uh left town, he forgot to tell them to give me penicillin. Interviewer: {NS} 853: I had gangrene the time I got back there he say it. Interviewer: Oh. 853: But anyway, he's son was graduating in medical school and he was going somewhere we have not. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And he left and And the other doctor didn't do nothing. Interviewer: Well, did it get worse then? 853: Huh? Interviewer: Did it, you got a lot worse? 853: Oh, I liked to die, they for three weeks, they were waiting for me to see whether I was gonna live or die to take my leg off. Interviewer: Oh, that's terrible. But they didn't have to do either one. {D} 853: Oh, it was terrible. For two years I, I go way up here and get all that dead flesh and that Interviewer: That's terrible. 853: And my stomach turned black, it was funny thing. Interviewer: That's strange, I never heard such thing. 853: Oh, I had gangrene all over, you know, and I said oh, lord, oh, mercy, and wherever I'd rub it would turn black. Just barely. The way on my #1 Even my arm # Interviewer: #2 I bet you were scared. # 853: Scared? When I heard them, nurses talking, one of them she was real sweet. And uh, she come on that {D} and she'd say, the doctor, the doctors have another doctor called in another doctor that and there's a doctor still think that they'll gonna have to take Ms. Terrell's leg off. I told him later on, I said, if I would have had my crutches, I'd jump to him. Interviewer: {NW} 853: When I'm out of there. Interviewer: Running out of the hospital rim. 853: But I was in there fourteen weeks. And I came home and stayed about a month and it wouldn't heal. Went back then for skin graft. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I got a new infection that night in food poising. #1 Then I # Interviewer: #2 You have the worst luck than anybody that I've ever heard. # 853: And I stayed five weeks longer. Interviewer: #1 That is incredible. Food poisoning from food in the hospital? # 853: #2 And he looked # At me that morning and when I was vomiting my head off and you know diarrhea. He said I know what I do, I'll just sue the age out of this hospital. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: It was me that, I just took one bite. And I didn't swallow all of it, I Interviewer: #1 That must be really # 853: #2 Terrible. # Terrible. Interviewer: What was the matter with it? 853: It was spoiled and I my daughter was sitting there, she didn't leave that night for several days, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: About three weeks, Interviewer: Yeah. 853: before I got better enough that the gangrene had subsided. And I said baby, I believe this meat's spoiled. I was eating asparagus and I didn't like asparagus. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: and I thought that might be it. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And she smelled {X} she said, why of course mother, it's rotten. Interviewer: Ugh. That just makes me sick. Thank god. That's the scariest thing. 853: In a hospital. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Think of it. Interviewer: Really. We're suppose to go to get well. {NW} 853: {NW} I liked to die. About three weeks, I was real sick. And then I began to get better and I stayed five weeks, came home, I was on crutches and then, in out of the doctor's office over two years. Interviewer: That's terrible. That's really awful. 853: And I've been a crippling ever since. Interviewer: All started when you trying to get up fast in there and tripping over something. 853: Um-hmm. Now, I just see, I just stepped all this here was my flower bed and this little strip of grass over here and then the drive. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I started to step, it was dew wet that morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I imagine I had own house shoes at home and Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: And I started to step over and my heel touched that wet. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And this one slipped Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: and this one went back and I sat down on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Oh. 853: Crushed it. Interviewer: Oh, that just makes me sick. {D} 853: It was something to see, you should've seen it. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Then doctor looked at it one, excuse me, I've gotten a hospital and he says, well, my god, what did you do? Interviewer: {NW} 853: And I wasn't fat, and I said all two hundred pounds, I sat down on it. {NW} I guess I weighted one hundred and twenty five-eighty. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I have no idea, I didn't weigh very much {NW} But you know, for two years, I couldn't, well I did keep my house. Interviewer: And 853: On crutches Interviewer: That's really 853: But uh I didn't do any work much to work it off, you know and I ate. John was working nights and but uh I stayed with my daughter till they had one little girl. And she got curvature of the spine. And she hasn't have eight fused. And had to have back out bridged. Interviewer: {NW} Damn. 853: And uh so when they brought her back, she had to have a swivel. and I stayed down there night or two after that and I come home. I said no, I could get up and get around on crutches. And I'm not gonna stay here, you got your hands full of. I won't go home and daddy sleeps at home and I have all day to fix meal and I'll have him ready when he gets up. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. Yeah. 853: And I stayed by myself. At then I had at night, I stayed by myself Interviewer: Yeah. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Did that child get to get alright? The child? 853: Hmm? Interviewer: Did the child get alright? 853: She's not straight but she never complained and never did. Interviewer: Huh. 853: But she liked her dad point her baby came. Interviewer: Oh. 853: Because her pelvis was so twisted. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And he came to soon. I guess he came about three weeks, four weeks. Three or four weeks ahead of time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh. She lived in commerce and her mom lives in Timbercrest. And we went that morning and she had, she was in a labor, three days and nights terrible. Interviewer: Um. 853: And uh her doctor was out of town, couldn't get a hold of it. Interviewer: #1 Oh, worse. # 853: #2 {D} near time. # Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 853: And when that baby was born, he'd been wedged down in there, he was as black as he could be and his face were wedged in that pelvis. He was, it was wedged in that pelvis, face was all crooked. And I just knew he'd been so long to be inborn and it wouldn't have good mind. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But If there were was a brilliant child he's born {X} Interviewer: Is that right? {NW} 853: He's fourteen. Interviewer: Yeah. Oh, he's a fourteen year old? 853: He's fourteen. Interviewer: Is his face still crooken? 853: Huh? Interviewer: Is his face still crooken? 853: Oh, goodness. He's a handsome. Interviewer: #1 Isn't that right? # 853: #2 Beautiful child. # Interviewer: #1 That's remarkable. # 853: #2 Beautiful, beautiful boy. # It's remarkable. You'd think I was his mama. Interviewer: {NW} He is good looking. {NW} Looks healthy, too. 853: {X} 853: You'd get scared, I promise {X} {NW} interviewer: {NW} {NS} There we go. I think that's {NS} work this time. Yeah. There we go. Okay. What do you call those things that uh that on barrel that run around 853: {D: Hook.} interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you call that thing that you put on the top of the bottle? Keep the stuff from spilling out. 853: Stopper. interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else you put in? 853: No. interviewer: What's the stopper made out of usually? 853: A cork. interviewer: Uh-huh. Anything else? Could it be made out of anything else? 853: Well. If yeah I've seen some white plastic corks we'd uh still call 'em cork or stopper. interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: What do you call little musical instrument that children play like this? 853: {D: French harp.} interviewer: Okay. And another musical instrument that you 853: Jew's harp. interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: Yeah. You pound a nail in with 853: Hammer. interviewer: Okay. And If you have a wagon and two horses, what do you call that piece of wood that goes between the horses? #1 horses? # 853: #2 Tongue. # interviewer: Okay. And if you have a horse pulling a buggy, you have to back him in between the 853: Shavs. interviewer: Okay. Um. On a wagon wheel on inside we got the hub and the spokes go out and the outside, what do you call that? 853: The rim. interviewer: Okay. Is that metal or wood? 853: It's metal. interviewer: Okay- 853: Both. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: It usually it has a sometimes and then there has a metal thing on there to wear well you know. interviewer: I see, okay. Would you call it all the rim? 853: Yeah rim. interviewer: Okay. Um. When a horse is hitched to the wagon uh the traces come back, it fastens on his bar wood 853: Tongue. interviewer: Um this one is like just this have one horse. And this bar went like his wagon, here's the horse that probably go this way between that 853: Eh singletree. interviewer: Okay, okay. What if you have two horses and, and you have bar oh a singletree behind each one and then another bar of wood behind them, what do you call the bigger one? 853: It's still a singletree. interviewer: #1 Is it? Okay. # 853: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm. # interviewer: Um Uh, if a guy had, um He was picking up some woods some place and loading up in his wagon, you know and carry it some place and dump it in your back and get back some more and carry it some place and dump it in, go and get some more, what would you say he was doing that wood? 853: Stocking it. interviewer: Okay, okay. 853: W- or racking it. Sometimes they would say well I got to rack that wood up so's it'll won't be scattered, you know. interviewer: Okay. Um 853: But you know you they usually put it in cords. interviewer: Yeah. 853: It's stack a cord and then they'll start another stack. interviewer: Uh-huh. How much is the cord? 853: Oh mercy. I don't know. interviewer: {NW} 853: {D: I didn't know.} I really don't know. interviewer: Um 853: It has a dimension you know. So fine so long. interviewer: Yeah yeah. 853: {X} long ways are in their pieces you know. interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 853: But I really don't know. interviewer: {X} We got a half of cord of wood one time and just a lot of wood to me, you know. 853: Mm-hmm interviewer: Um when a man brings you some wood, you'd say well, he's gonna have to do what to the wood to give in? 853: Sort of make it in chunks. interviewer: Okay, okay. Um. Suppose that a tree fell down across the road and you'll gonna have to get out of the way so you can get by, so you, you might attach the big chain to the tree and pull on the chain, and, and do what to get, to the tree to get out of the road? 853: I guess you'd just say well you got to move it or. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Okay. Uh. {NW} Let's see. After you have plowed, um. A lot of times they go back and break up the ground {D: finer}. #1 You know after it's plowed. # 853: #2 Uh-huh. # Disk it. interviewer: Okay. Uh Is there another name for that besides just a disk? A disk? 853: Harrow. interviewer: Okay, okay. Um. On a car, there's wheel on a wagon each one, there's a bar that runs underneath it, that the wheels fit on to. What do you call it? 853: Axle. interviewer: Okay. Um What would you call an egg shape frame that you lay a log on to, to chop it up into stove lengths? 853: I don't know. interviewer: Okay. What about an an A shape frame, it's a little bit smaller and um carpenters use them and 853: Horses. Saw horses. interviewer: Okay. And you fix your hair with a comb and a 853: Brush. interviewer: A what? 853: Brush. interviewer: Okay. #1 And # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: You sharpen an old fashioned straight razor on a leather? 853: Strap. interviewer: Okay. 853: Razor. R- actually, it's l- razor strop. interviewer: #1 Oh, what, is that where you suppose to # 853: #2 It's, T-R- # O-P. interviewer: #1 Oh, is that the way you? # 853: #2 You # strop it. interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that the way you're suppose to say it? 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh Well, see. Oh. If someone was firing a a, a shotgun in and you know when they get through firing and they throw out this empty things, what do you call those empty things? 853: Shells. interviewer: Okay. Is there another words you might use besides shells? That mean the same thing? 853: No. Not that I know of you you eject those uh shells empty shells or expend it or use shells. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh did your husband ever hunt? 853: Huh? interviewer: Did your husband ever hunt? 853: Oh mercy. Yes. interviewer: Oh really? 853: I did too. interviewer: You did? 853: I used to kill wild turkey. interviewer: No kidding. #1 Was it fun? # 853: #2 And deer hunting. # Oh yes. I love it. interviewer: How neat. #1 I've always wanted to go hunting. # 853: #2 I # killed wild turkey on the wing they'd be they soar just like a buzzard. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You know. interviewer: I don't think I ever seen the wild turkey {D: to know it.} 853: And I kill one and it hit the side of the mountain and drop back in to the creek. interviewer: {NW} 853: And John waded out {D: crossed it} and got it. interviewer: Yeah. Where were you? 853: Way down at what we call Leakey. Way down in south Texas. interviewer: Oh. 853: Leakey. Beautiful place we put up a tent wake up of morning you could reach up and get the s- ice off of the tent #1 inside. # interviewer: #2 {X} # Oh neat. {NW} 853: But you had on long underwear. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {D: Rolling clothes.} interviewer: Yeah. Did you cook out there? 853: Yeah oh yes. And I killed a turkey and the boys have gone hunt there out. We didn't go. My sister and I didn't go that morning. And uh I cut that thing up like a fryer. And fried it in a big old skillet. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And then I uh I tried piece by you know, all it would {D: hold} and then I s- stacked it up in there and I put a little water in there and I covered it. It made the best gravy and the best turkey you ever ate. interviewer: Mm. 853: But we course had no dressing you know I no oven or anything to make dressing. interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, can you {X}. 853: They didn't know what in the world they's gonna have for supper. interviewer: {NW} 853: And sure enough honey where did you get that turkey? Well, that was a first for my kid. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh my sister when she was little. She was ten years younger than me. She always called me miss Essie. She does today. interviewer: {NW} 853: And she's seventy-five years old. interviewer: Is that right? {NW} 853: No, not that old but she's seventy-one or two. {D: She's a lot littler than} ten years. {D: I don't know.} But anyway {NW} they like to died when they found out I'd killed that turkey. interviewer: I guess. 853: They that we had a My brother's brother-in-law went with us with his wife and my brother and his wife came later. But anyway Jack didn't believe it. He said I never saw a woman yet that kill a wild turkey. interviewer: {NW} Uh-huh and now he's seen it #1 huh? # 853: #2 Yeah. # But I killed another one after that. interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 853: #2 He saw it. # interviewer: Uh-huh. What uh should've been a shotgun, I guess. 853: Yeah. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Of course it had a buck shot in it. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Because they you couldn't get close to 'em. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: It'd be way up in a tree maybe {NW} early in the morning. And they'd start that gobbling. #1 Just like # interviewer: #2 Huh. # 853: a turkey. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And if they saw you they took off. And then that's when you had {D: do you shoot.} interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah, yeah. How big are they? 853: Ooh. Big as a turkey. interviewer: Huh. 853: Average turkey. Went way across the pasture. And you'd see droves of 'em. Maybe there'd be twenty-five or thirty. interviewer: Huh. 853: And they'd always walk right behind one another. interviewer: {NW} Crazy. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: I, it's amazing to me because things can fly being that big. 853: {D: But you know.} interviewer: Huh. 853: They fly much but of course you know uh tame turkey don't fly much. interviewer: Yeah. 853: They fly off a barn and go out you know or fly up in a tree. But they don't can't soar. {NW} Go for mile. interviewer: Hmm. I see. I guess they won't soar well. Um What would you call piece of, piece of playground equipment equipment where a kid gets on one end and a kid gets on the other and they go up and down like 853: Seesaw? interviewer: Okay. And if you saw some kids over there doing that you'd say hey look at those kids, they're? What would you say they're doing? 853: Seesawing? interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Uh # uh-huh. interviewer: Um What would you call um another piece of playground equipment where you got a board like this and it's fixed it both ends and it's, you know, it's fixed down to the ground. And there's kind of limber in the middle of it, kid can get on the middle and jump up and down on it. Have you seen one of those? 853: Well, that's kind of like a you buy those things. Mm. Spring board. interviewer: Huh. Okay. #1 Did you ever seen one like this that is homemade? # 853: #2 Yes. Indeed. # Uh-huh. interviewer: Oh. What, uh, did you ever see another thing that was that's got a board like this long and it's fixed in the middle and then kid can get on each end and they go around the ramp like #1 that. # 853: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: A homemade thing, what do you call that? 853: I guess a merry go round I think. interviewer: Okay. Um And if you you put a rope over tree limb and, and attach a a tie, a tire to it. Then what have you got? 853: A swing. interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um What did people use to carry coal in? 853: Scuttle. interviewer: Okay. Uh. 853: They're coming a quite popular again. interviewer: Oh is that right? 853: Uh-huh. They are using 'em for many things in antiques. Uh now my daughter sold 'em for a hundred and fifty-two hundred dollars and they had the rustiest awfulest looking things you ever saw. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the people have gone crazy. interviewer: Goodness. 853: And they all put their umbrella in the corner of a hall like you know interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 853: stand an umbrella in there. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. Where where is her antique shop, is it near Waco? 853: It's uh out on La Salle, you know where the circle is? interviewer: Yeah. 853: Well, it's just {D: four it it} you live here. You'd go around down to near the end of Waco and then you'd go down and go up on {D: go around La Salle.} interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And it's just before you get to the circle on the right. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um. 853: She's got some beautiful stuff in there. {D: Blind swear.} interviewer: Where did she get, she buy it from? 853: #1 Huh? # interviewer: #2 Well where did # where did she get that stuff? 853: Well uh. She has a woman that keeps the shop on Sunday. I thought sure that they wasn't go keep it open on Sunday #1 but they # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 853: do. And this ms Williams that called me yesterday she's retired {D: or in.} uh She takes care of it on Sunday. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They go to auctions. interviewer: Oh. 853: Now, Centerville up way over east Texas interviewer: Huh. 853: is one of the biggest antique centers. It's bigger than even Dallas has. interviewer: Huh. 853: They went to Dallas {X} I think they bought about twelve straight chair dining chairs. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: They had some tables. And uh, they had a a man was gonna buy his daughter a table and six chairs. interviewer: Mm. 853: And he gave twelve hundred and some odd dollars for that old round table and interviewer: #1 My goodness. # 853: #2 six # chairs for her. She just got married. interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. 853: And he's blind. interviewer: Hmm. 853: He couldn't see. And {D: Dink} was telling me about he delivered 'em for him. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They don't deliver. But he said since he was blind and getting old, he said he promised him {D: move there}. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: He said yeah I'll I'll bring 'em to you. They have a station wagon. interviewer: Yeah. That was nice. 853: Took that table apart. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Took it to him. Put it up for him. interviewer: That was nice. He didn't need to do that. 853: Hmm? interviewer: That was nice. He didn't really have to do #1 that. # 853: #2 No. # No. No. But he said I he wanted to. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {NW} interviewer: What do you call um that thing that runs from the stove to the chimney? 853: Stove pipe. interviewer: Okay. What's a difference between the flue and stove pipe? 853: Oh a flue is built from the bottom up through the wall. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then you have an opening in your wall that your stove pipe goes into that flue then from there on up, it carries the smoke and soot. interviewer: Uh. 853: You know. interviewer: I see. 853: Out into the open. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. What do you call little vehicle that has one wheel usually and you push it? #1 {X} # 853: #2 Wheelbarrow. # interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: {NW} 853: {NW} interviewer: And 853: You going {X} ones sooner or later #1 that I # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 853: don't know. interviewer: Haven't hit one yet. Uh. What do you carve uh sharpen a pocket knife on? Oh. 853: You whet it. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 On a # whet rock. interviewer: Okay. Uh. 853: Or a a yeah that's what you'd call it. A whet rock. interviewer: Okay. Uh What do you call a bigger kind that you have to pump and it turns #1 around and # 853: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: #1 when you hold it? # 853: #2 That's a # uh Well I declare. Grind stone. interviewer: I thought that was gonna be the one. {NW} Um if something is squeaking in your car you go and have 'em some real heavy sticky stuff in it. What do you? 853: Lube oil. interviewer: #1 Okay or? # 853: #2 Or # no you you thinking about axle grease. interviewer: Oh okay. Okay. Uh, and so if you're gonna have to go and have that stuff put in the car, you said I'm gonna have to have the car? 853: Uh oil drained. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh 853: Greased. interviewer: Okay. And if if that stuff got all over your hands you'd say your hands are all? 853: S- Gooey. {NW} interviewer: Okay. All right. What's another word you might use besides gooey means the same thing sort of? 853: Sticky. interviewer: All right. Um if you had grease on your hands your ha- you'd say your hands are all? 853: Greasy. interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Uh. {NW} Did you ever see people make a a make shift kind of lamp with a bottle of some kerosene in a rag stuff down #1 in it? # 853: #2 Hmm-mm. # interviewer: What do they call that? 853: Uh well it's just a a It's kind of like a uh candle you know. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Okay. Uh. Toothpaste comes in a? 853: Tube. interviewer: Okay. And it's um uh people have just built a boat and they are fixing and pushing out into the water for the first time, you say they're fixing to? 853: Launch the boat. interviewer: Okay. Um what kind of a boat would you go fishing in a small lake? 853: Just a s- a paddle boat. interviewer: Okay. #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Just # little skiff like you know. #1 know. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # Well does it have a pointed end at uh both ends or is it just a pointed at one #1 end? # 853: #2 It's # it's straight across one end and rounds up to a point see? Kinda like this. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 853: Haven't you seen 'em? interviewer: I guess I have but you know my home town we don't have any water. {NW} There ain't any water for miles. 853: At lake uh at lake Wichita's pretty good. interviewer: Well. Yeah there are some people who 853: But they don't do like they do out here at the lake do they? interviewer: #1 No, huh-uh. # 853: #2 It will have # interviewer: It's not pretty for #1 one thing. # 853: #2 No. # Well you see they you pull up the string here and you sit here. interviewer: In the back? 853: Uh-huh. And then it runs to a point and then you have another seat in the middle. interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. 853: It'll carry uh I'd say four. Good. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Not often that you have one that sits w- on the seat back here. but one I mean. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. I see. 853: But that's the back end. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And that uh makes a little weight and that keeps up front end out of the water and it skips through #1 easy. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # I see yeah. That's enough fit to sit in the back. Now I just don't know much about boats cuz lake Wichita is uh It's so brown and ugly that 853: Yeah. interviewer: Not much of anybody goes out there. Well I guess something to do there. #1 There's some houses and # 853: #2 We always # had a boat. Our land bordered on both sides of the river. interviewer: Is that right? 853: Brazos. interviewer: Yeah. I think that'd be nice cuz that's pretty #1 out there. # 853: #2 Uh-huh. # interviewer: That's real pretty. 853: And we uh always had a boat. The boys and papa would fish. We always went from Chalk Bluff and Bosqueville up to Aquilla. All up close to Hillsboro. interviewer: Oh. That far? 853: Uh-huh. interviewer: That's a good #1 ways. # 853: #2 We'd go up # there and we'd camp for a week when they laid the crops by. interviewer: Oh is that right? 853: {D: And step} the whole family. Uh as I said my daddy didn't go nowhere without my mother. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And {C: laughing} but uh interviewer: That must have been fun. #1 Just take all of the kids. # 853: #2 Oh it was delightful # and then course we could gather up all the kids in the community that their daddies didn't fish and interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 853: #2 wouldn't # take the boys hunting. Papa got the boys a gun. He taught all the boys how to hunt and uh he'd show 'em what to kill and what not to kill. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 And he'd # uh, take that {X} I guess. {NW} interviewer: Oh, it did! Didn't #1 it? # 853: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: Does that happen very often? 853: I don't know. interviewer: Huh. Well. 853: Isn't that something? interviewer: Yeah. You know recently my uh my parents electricity went out in their house and what happened no it was the phone. The phone went out and what happened was somebody was they were doing some construction work and they hit one of the main phone lines from like a quarter of Wichita Falls and 853: Mm. interviewer: You know one fourth of the city, everybody's phone's {D: brown}. {NW} {NW} Somebody, mother's neighbor came over to use her phone. 853: {NW} interviewer: And said you know she wanted to report her own phone is is uh dead and mother's phone was out too, mother didn't even know. 853: {D: Well.} interviewer: Uh. Let's see. Oh. If a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color, a lot of times she'd take along a little square cloth to use as a? 853: Gusset? interviewer: What's what's a #1 gusset? # 853: #2 Where'd # she put it? interviewer: Well, she just take it so she can match the color. 853: Oh yeah a swathe. interviewer: Okay okay. Um. Sometimes in the mail, you'll get a a little tube of toothpaste or little bar of soap as a? 853: Sample. interviewer: Okay. Um. If a girl, a little girl has on very becoming dress, you might say, my what a? What dress? 853: Becoming or pretty? interviewer: Okay okay. And the little girl might say, Susie's dress is pretty but mine is even? What? 853: And mine is what? interviewer: Susie's dress is pretty, but mine is even? 853: Prettier. interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Uh. To sign your name in ink you use a? 853: Pen. interviewer: Okay. And hold the baby's diaper in place, you use a 853: Safety pin. interviewer: Okay. 853: Or diaper pin. interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: Except they don't anymore, they stick 'em. 853: Yeah. interviewer: {X} #1 those paper that # 853: #2 Right {X} # that's right. interviewer: {D: You don't have to worry about the pins.} Um. Soup that you buy comes in a 853: Can. interviewer: What kind of can? 853: Tin. interviewer: Okay. Uh. A dime is worth? 853: Five penny I mean ten pennies of course. interviewer: Okay. And um describe forming what all a man would wear to church on Sunday. 853: Well mine get up at one and he shave and he'd uh put on a shirt. And put on his trousers. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Socks. And his good shoes. And either a sport jacket or the coat that went to his suit. interviewer: Mm-hmm. Sometimes if you have a three-piece suit that? 853: Yeah a vest. interviewer: Okay. I think those look nice. 853: He in the winter time he thought he had to have a suit or the vest. interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh. 853: But of course they quit wearing 'em you know for while. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 But they're # coming back. interviewer: Oh yeah. 853: #1 Real opulent. # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} I just think it looks so good. 853: Yeah. interviewer: I like that. Uh if a, if a man was working out in the barn and doing dirty work, what would he probably wear? 853: Overalls. interviewer: Okay. Uh. You might say, that coat won't fit this year but last year it? 853: Fit. interviewer: Okay. 853: {D: mm-hmm.} interviewer: And say you just bought a soup, so then it would be not an old soup, but a? 853: New. interviewer: Okay. And then what? 853: New soup. interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: And if you stuff a lot things in your pockets, your pockets stick out or? 853: #1 Bulge. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # NW} 853: {NW} interviewer: Uh you might say this shirt, this shirt isn't sanforized, I hope it won't? 853: Shrink. interviewer: Okay. I have a friend who who threw a sweater in the in the dryer and she didn't look to and it said you know do not #1 put the dryer. # 853: #2 No with the # heat. interviewer: She said she got it out, looked like a little doll's sweater. 853: {NW} interviewer: {NW} Have you ever done that? 853: No I never did. Uh. I nearly always and I do yet, when I had a washer and dryer. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I gave mine to a woman that had five kids, I thought she needed it worse than I did. interviewer: I think so. {NW} 853: And she wasn't very well. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh I had access to the washer here right here close by. interviewer: Oh. 853: And I said, I'll just send my sheets and {D: pillowcases} to the laundry and I do my own hand washing. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah yeah. 853: And that way you don't get too hot of water. #1 and # interviewer: #2 That's # right and you don't have to worry about throwing things in the dryer. 853: No. interviewer: Yeah. My husband is I talked to him last night, he just gone to Penny's to look at some jeans we're gonna go on vacation in week or so, we're gonna go hiking up to the mountains. And uh he my husband's so proper. He, when we got married, he didn't even own pair of jeans. And, but now he does, and he needed a new pair, you know us, he was asking me about how much they were gonna shrink up. And if they were part polyester then I think that they would shrink and all that. Yeah. {X} the polyester too in the cotton and polyester. 853: Yeah they do, they will. interviewer: {X} 853: If you had the temperature wrong for 'em. interviewer: Yeah. 853: But I'll tell you the thing that you can be sure of that uh polyester will wash just as well in cold water as warm or hot water. interviewer: Is that right? 853: Right. interviewer: I'll tell him that tonight when I talk to him cuz he's worried about 'em shrinking up. 853: No. interviewer: Uh. 853: It's the change from the hot to the rinse water. interviewer: Oh #1 {X} # 853: #2 {D: Cool.} # interviewer: Is that right that makes 'em shrink? 853: That makes 'em shrink. interviewer: Huh. Okay. {X} Uh. Talking about thing shrinking, you might say that shirt that I washed yesterday? 853: Shrunk? interviewer: Okay. And lately it seems like it seems like everyone I have washed has 853: Shrunken. interviewer: Okay. And, let's see. If a woman likes to put on good clothes, you say she sure does like to? 853: Dress up. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: You like to dress up? 853: Oh indeed. interviewer: I don't. Well, my husband likes to dress up more than I do. I sort of like to, sometimes. 853: My daddy always said I had more pride than brain. interviewer: {NW} 853: And you know my sister in law'll come down here now. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: John's sister. She's the only one in the family living. And she'll come in at back door. She would say well be safe where you're going. I said nowhere, why? Why you got on that dress on? interviewer: {NW} 853: And I said well uh I bought this dress to wear at the store. And to clean up and wear when I get through cleaning up the house. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh it's seven or eighteen years old and I don't wear this kind of dress to church. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Wear short sleeves. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I either wear three-quarters or a jacket you know. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well, I don't know how you afford that kind of clothes. interviewer: {NW} 853: And I said well, that's what I worked hard all my life for. interviewer: Uh-huh. She just don't dress up that much I guess. 853: Oh no. She don't care. interviewer: Uh. Something you carry your money in, you call a? 853: Purse or handbag or {D: purse.} interviewer: Okay. 853: We used to call 'em purse. They call them handbags now. interviewer: Okay. And if it was small and had little clasp on it, you just carry? 853: Coin purse. interviewer: Okay. And what would a woman wear around your wrist? 853: Bracelet. interviewer: Okay. And Say you have a bunch of little beads strung up at together have to go around your neck, you'd say you have a what #1 of beads? # 853: #2 Necklace. # interviewer: Okay or a? 853: Strand of beads. interviewer: Okay. And what do men wear to hold up their trousers? 853: Belts. interviewer: Okay, or used to be they wore? 853: Suspenders. interviewer: Okay. Ever heard 'em called anything else? 853: Galluses. interviewer: Mm-kay. 853: Did you ever hear 'em called galluses? interviewer: Not until I start asking people in in this #1 interview and then heard that since then. # 853: #2 Yeah. Galluses. # Mm-hmm. Galluses. interviewer: Uh. When you make up the bed the last thing you pull up when you make up the bed is the? 853: Bedspread? interviewer: Okay. Ever heard it called anything else? 853: Uh. Yeah they used to call it counterpane. interviewer: #1 Uh okay. # 853: #2 Or # counterpin we called it. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But it's spelled pane. interviewer: #1 Huh? # 853: #2 Counterpane. # interviewer: Okay. Uh. At the head of the bed, you put your head on a? 853: Pillow. interviewer: Okay. And what do you call those things that they're like a pillow except they they go all? 853: Bolster. interviewer: Okay. Did you ever had one of those? 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: I never, we didn't ever have one. 853: Yeah. I used to have #1 one. # interviewer: #2 Do # you sleep on those too, or are they just {D: or not?} 853: {X} Often. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Because they're they're round. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they are stuffed pretty tight, that's just to make your bed look pretty. interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. Uh. What would you call a bed cover that, that's old fashioned and they used to hand piece 'em out of #1 leftovers? # 853: #2 Quilt. # interviewer: Okay. Did you ever quilt anything? 853: Oh yes. interviewer: Really? I always thought that would be fun. 853: Aw. Oh I I like to quilt but I don't like to piece a quilt. I've got some beautiful quilts. Tops. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: That would make a a beautiful old-fashioned bedspread #1 you know. # interviewer: #2 Uh uh-huh. # 853: Put a ruffle under it. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And put that on top and it's so colorful they're just beautiful. I have one that uh my aunt was ninety some odd years old she lived in Houston and she made it for me and I've never fixed it. interviewer: Hmm. 853: But uh I I'll tell you. It had a block of a little basket of flowers. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Appliqued on it. interviewer: Mm. 853: And then it ha- it had a plain block out of that same solid material. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: {D: Domestic.} And she had drawn that same basket of flowers on there to be embroidered. Well I brought it part of it on my machine. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: My machine {D: you know} I had just gotten it. Just before I had my eyes operated on. And I never have been able to use it very much. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 Because I # can't get down. I can't get back {X}. interviewer: Oh. 853: Now I can see off out yonder. I can read the highway sign behind. interviewer: Oh. Uh-huh. #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 That's # something most people can't do. interviewer: No I can't do that. 853: No. I'm sure. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And and then I can r- read all day. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But in between I can't see you know. Uh the the bifocals are not. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 {X} # interviewer: Yeah. #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 It's # so I can't sew very much on my machine. interviewer: Yeah. 853: I've been trying to. I tried to give it to my granddaughter and she wouldn't have it. interviewer: Huh. I'm just opposite I can see up close real good. 853: Mm. interviewer: But then I can't anything more than about twenty feet away I really don't do too well with it I have to go up and look. 853: #1 Yeah. # interviewer: #2 Squint. # Put on my glasses. 853: Yeah. interviewer: Have to wear my glasses to drive, you know. 853: Well, I have an excellent I had an excellent uh operation. interviewer: Oh, it was it? 853: Beautiful. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Uh-huh guess I was what you might term blind before I had it. interviewer: Mm. 853: Uh I had quit driving my car after John died. And it was pretty hard for me. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh I s- still went to church. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And I drive and go church. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And I'd stay on my side. Turn around on the church yard. Wait 'til everybody left come home. But I couldn't go at night. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 853: But uh I can go anywhere anybody else can now. interviewer: Yeah. That's great. Will did it come out, come on sort of gradually? 853: No. No, he operated on it one morning. And he came in that operated on one eye came in that evening to dress it. And when he got the dressing off he I was laying there you know and he says uh can you see daylight? And I looked at him, I looked at him and this one was all bandaged up you know and he's getting it ready to operate the next morning. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I said uh yes sir you got on a I told what kind of suit and a polka dot tie. interviewer: {NW} He liked had a fit. {NW} Uh, let's see. Uh. What would you call a makeshift sleeping place down the floor where children 853: Pallet. interviewer: Mm-kay. And you might say we expect a big yield from that field this year because the soil is very? Very rich or or what's another word for rich? 853: Wealthy. interviewer: Uh, well, for soil, we're talking about soil. The soil on that farm. 853: Oh, it's uh fertile. interviewer: Okay, okay. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: And, uh, what would you call flat low land that's beside the stream that, old stream of flows on it and spraying the, you going them plant stuff in it, usually grows pretty well down there. What would you call land like that? 853: You mean a flat surface? interviewer: Well, down by a stream. Where you plant stuff. Where overflows, you know, and #1 you put that # 853: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: dirt from the creek and 853: Yeah it's it's fertile. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. What would you call an area like that? 853: Creek bed. interviewer: Okay. Okay. And what would you call a field that's not good for much in, except just to raise grass and stuff for hay. 853: It's just a pasture land. interviewer: Okay. And what would you call uh some land that had water standing on it all time? About that much water. 853: Well, it's um. Oh, mercy. {NW} It's like we have it all in south Texas. interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. #1 What you think of it # 853: #2 Overflow. # interviewer: #1 {X} # 853: #2 Or no. # No no that's where the creek {D: rises on it.} Oh I that's that. I know exactly what it is. interviewer: Well you stop me if you think of it, okay? Um. What kind of soil do they have around here anyway? 853: It's uh between uh sandy and uh uh {D: kinda clay and then} #1 {D: loam like.} # interviewer: #2 Oh is it # between? 853: Uh-huh. interviewer: That's great. That's a good kind. 853: It's good soil. It'll grow anything in the world. interviewer: Uh-huh. That's great. We got that old black clay, up {D: where on there}. 853: Right. interviewer: Oo that stuff is bad. 853: I don't know it. interviewer: It's really terrible, it's so sticky and and. 853: But this is a, what they call it sandy loam. interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. That's good. We have to have that stuff hauled hauled in if you want to grow a garden in your backyard. 853: Mm. interviewer: You have to have somebody go and haul in some sandy #1 loam. # 853: #2 Right. # Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. interviewer: Break up that clay. Uh. 853: Marshy land. interviewer: Oh, okay. #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Wet # stand you know it's marshy. interviewer: Okay. Say you got some marshy land and you want to get that water off. What do you have to do it to get the? 853: Uh it's most unlikely that you could do anything. You might could put a drainage and drain it off interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: but it would have to be coming periodically from some other place. I mean a a spring maybe bubbling up somewhere. interviewer: Yeah. 853: But just marsh lands that would just stand after rains and uh maybe from an overflow of a creek that there's just some of 'em just don't ever dry up. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Less uh marshy land there's nothing you can do about it. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Well, um say you're gonna try. You'd have to dig a a? 853: A trench. interviewer: Okay. 853: Trench it or ditch it. interviewer: Okay, okay. Um what's the difference between a ditch and a canal? 853: Well a canal is uh s- supposed to have flowing water. interviewer: Mm. Mm-hmm. 853: And a ditch can be dry. interviewer: Uh, okay. Is there any difference in the size? 853: No. interviewer: Okay. 853: Well I I it could be and it couldn't. Wouldn't have to #1 be. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # #1 Okay. # 853: #2 You # can have a big ditch or you can have a little ditch ravine light going down through your farm. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 853: And then a canal you know is uh {D: a run it} with running water. interviewer: Okay. What do you call a little place that's been washed out by the rain like across the road or something like that? 853: A wash out. interviewer: Okay. Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: Seems reasonable. Uh what would you call a great, big one that place has been washed out, you know, over the years, maybe ten feet cross and ten feet deep. #1 What would you call that? # 853: #2 Well it # it could be a gully. interviewer: Okay, okay. 853: Gully washer. {NW} interviewer: What's a gully washer? 853: Huh? interviewer: What's a gully #1 washer? # 853: #2 A # gully washer is a a big rain and that {D: washes things} and leaves of gully. interviewer: #1 Okay, okay. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: It's a gull- you mentioned the ravine, is a gully and a ravine the same thing? #1 Or did you? # 853: #2 No. # No. A ravine is uh usually has a fed by a spring or some #1 little # interviewer: #2 Oh. # 853: creek that comes into it. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And a gully is a it's just been washed out by periodical rain. interviewer: Oo. 853: Heavy rains. {NW} interviewer: Um what all creeks are there around here? You mentioned creeks. 853: Oh well. Right on up over this way a little ways going to Axtell is uh Tehuacana creek. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And there's um {D: cowhide} creek down toward Marlin road. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Old Marlin road. {D: And} I don't know I don't guess there's any others. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 We # don't have many. interviewer: Mm-hmm. They ever have much trouble with these uh creeks overflowing? 853: Oh yes. Tehuacana always does. I've um I've walked over there {D: when it'd} come big rain and Tehuacana would be out. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Has high bridge across it. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Well of course when you go cross Tehuacana Creek, you go right straight up under the highway again. I mean it's just right uphill. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the same way it's g- more gradual {D: this side.} interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 Of Tehuacana. # And uh then the railroad bridge comes across Cotton belt Saint Louis south western. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh And then down here on this this used to be the old Axtell road. interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. Yeah. 853: This Harrison street #1 was. # interviewer: #2 Yeah # uh-huh. 853: And you went right on and you they just widened it. This back here is a just went right on into it, see. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Carried it right on, but when you get way on out on top of the past Tehuacana Creek well then it branches off and goes around, goes into Axtell. And this goes on to cross {D: Saginaw.} interviewer: #1 Oh, uh-huh. # 853: #2 This # back here. interviewer: Uh #1 I see mm-hmm. # 853: #2 You know. # uh-huh And then uh then we had what they call the lower Axtell road now. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And is a right down here, there's a lane that goes through and that's {D: Piton} lane and it goes into the old uh Axtell road again and comes in and goes right into Axtell. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: So it's just used to have little cow trails. interviewer: Yeah. You got several ways you can get there, huh? Uh, let's see. What would you call a, a big rise of land? 853: Hill. interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Um What do you call that thing right there that you turn to open the #1 door? # 853: #2 Door # knob. interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use knob to, to describe something like a hill? 853: Yeah, knob hills. I don't know what the difference is in that now. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 But # that's just a little knob hill they'd say. interviewer: Uh-huh. I don't know what that is either. 853: I don't know what the difference #1 is. # interviewer: #2 {X} # Other thing we never had in Wichita Falls was #1 yes. # 853: #2 Um # Yeah. I think that it it's like a other things, it's a the locality they would call well, this a knob here over yonder by Smith's place or so and so #1 you know like # interviewer: #2 I see. # 853: something like that. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I think that it's all depends on the locale. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. That's probably right. Um. What would you sa- what would you call the side of the mountain that drops off real sharp? 853: Bluff. interviewer: Okay. Anything else you might call it? 853: Well I uh No. S- wall. interviewer: Okay. That like that thing that uh turkey ran into that you shot. 853: That what? interviewer: That turkey that you shot that wild #1 turkey. # 853: #2 Yeah. # It hit uh {D: oh my} side of the mountain. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh. 853: Bluff or {D: high} bluff. interviewer: Okay. Um up in the mountains mountains where the road, there's a low place like this. And the road goes through the low place what do you call that, that low place like that? 853: You mean a tunnel? interviewer: Well not #1 just a # 853: #2 No # there's no close uh enclosure. interviewer: No. #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 Enclosure # would be a tunnel. interviewer: Yeah. Well just a low place in the mountains #1 where the road {X} # 853: #2 Well it it's # you just uh they built the road through that tunnel through the bluff. interviewer: Mm-kay okay. Um used to be back in the old west when a when a gun fired it would kill somebody he'd he'd carve a little thing in his gun handle or in his belt or something. #1 What do you # 853: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: call that little thing he carved in his gun handle? #1 Just take a # 853: #2 Notch. # interviewer: Okay. Did you ever hear notch to used to talk about hills and stuff or place between hills? 853: Where? interviewer: That, did you ever hear the word notch used about hills? 853: No. interviewer: No. #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Never did. # interviewer: Uh. 853: No, they notched their gun for every one they'd killed. interviewer: Yeah, yeah. #1 Strange. # 853: #2 Thought it # was smart. interviewer: Yeah. 853: {D: Not terrific.} interviewer: Really. 853: Tragedy. interviewer: What do you call a place where uh boats stop and they unload freight? 853: Dock. interviewer: Okay. And a place in a river where a water with the water falls down a long way, what would you #1 call that? # 853: #2 Waterfall. # interviewer: Okay. And uh 853: At uh, Ore- Oregon has the most beautiful everywhere you look's a big waterfall. interviewer: Really? 853: Just beautiful. interviewer: Oh, I wanna go. 853: And out in Arizona interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: uh Manzanita, no. That's in uh Oregon. But uh, you go to the out from Sedona a little ways and you can climb up ladders and go up in there and you can find Indian skulls and there's the pans they cooked and ate in you know. interviewer: #1 No kidding # 853: #2 There was an # Indian you know #1 place where they lived. # interviewer: #2 They still find that stuff huh? # 853: Huh? interviewer: You can still find that #1 stuff? # 853: #2 Mm-hmm # yes. It's beautiful up there. interviewer: Neat. Uh What are most of the roads around here made out of? 853: Asphalt. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Gravel. interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Um in an asphalt road, what do you call that black stuff that they put #1 down # 853: #2 Tar. # interviewer: to? Mm-hmm. #1 Smells terrible. # 853: #2 Yeah, tar. # interviewer: #1 # 853: #2 # interviewer: Uh 853: Most of their country roads of course are just gravel. interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 But they're # getting to where there's hardly any. Now long before this was {D: taken into} the city of Bellmead uh they had it asphalt on top of it. It was not gravel, just gravel. interviewer: Uh-huh. So they have a good road here. 853: {X} Uh-huh. interviewer: Yeah. Um what would you call a road that's just doesn't even have gravel on it, it just a? 853: Well you could call a little country road. interviewer: Okay, okay. 853: Just a little road. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 You could say. # interviewer: If it's not paved, you'd call it a? 853: Road. interviewer: Okay. Um. #1 Uh. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: What would you call a little road out in the country that goes off the main road? 853: Trail. interviewer: Okay. If, if you drive a car down it, would you still #1 call? # 853: #2 Yeah. # Uh-huh. interviewer: Okay. Um would that be paved or not? 853: No no no. It that uh the horses and the the {D: trenchant} just went through there. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And made a trail and you'd follow it because it was led to an opening all along where you could get through. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh suppose uh, you are going down the the paved road, you know, public road and a man's farm was off over here and he had a road going down from the public road to his house, but it was all on his land. 853: #1 Mm-hmm. # interviewer: #2 You know. # It might be paved or not, what would you call road like that? 853: It's just a road that leads up to the man's property. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. What would you call the track where you drive your cattle down, when you take them to pasture? 853: Trail. interviewer: Okay. And have you seen those big plantations, you know, big white houses with the columns #1 and tree # 853: #2 Yes I saw them. # interviewer: lines #1 thing that # 853: #2 Right. # interviewer: goes up to it. What would you call that kind of road that goes up, you know with trees on both sides? 853: It's just another uh driveway. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh a- 853: Anything that's made would be considered a driveway up to a house. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um what do you call that strip of pavement beside the street that you walk on? 853: Concrete. interviewer: Okay. That, you know the down the I don't think you have one out here but most residential neighborhoods, you know right besides the street, there's a little #1 thing that's just? # 853: #2 Side walk. # interviewer: Okay, okay. And do you have a name for a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? 853: No. interviewer: Okay. Um say there were a couple of boys walking across the field and they see some crows out there in the farmer's corn, so they're gonna reach down and pick up a rock and then they did what with it? 853: Threw it. interviewer: Okay. And uh so when the kid, when the kid uh gets over to the farm, he says to the farmer say, I picked up a rock and I? 853: Threw. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 At # at the birds or the crow or #1 whatever. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. Um. Let's see. Say somebody, um when, whey your husband was still living, say he was working out in the garage out there you know, and someone came to the front door to see him. And you, what would you say to tell 'em where he was? 853: He's in the carport or around the back in the garage. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh. Talking about putting um milk in coffee uh some people like it? 853: Cream. interviewer: Okay or if you 853: Half and half or. interviewer: Okay. Do you ever drink with just milk in it? Do you drink it with, do you drink coffee? 853: Na- yes, I do. interviewer: Yeah. Do you drink with something in it or? 853: Sugar. interviewer: Uh-huh. No, no cream or #1 {X} # 853: #2 No # #1 cream. # interviewer: #2 Or # milk? 853: No, I told you. We weren't milk drinkers. #1 Yesterday. # interviewer: #2 Oh, that's right. # 853: Yeah. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 Well I think you wouldn't # 853: #2 I never tasted it. # Far as I ever know. And my family, none of 'em ever knew me tasting it. And the reason for that was I told you that my dad thought I could I thought he made the moon and hung it and {D: he did of me too.} interviewer: Yeah. 853: And he wouldn't drink milk. And he always told me it was nasty. interviewer: {NW} 853: {NW} interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 I know, that's the reason. # interviewer: How funny. Okay. Let's see. If someone oh. {X} I'll tell you what, I'm gonna give you a sentence and just kind of fill in the blank, okay? You might say, some people like their coffee, mm milk that some people like their coffee mm milk. Just fill in those blanks. 853: Some people like their coffee black. interviewer: Okay. Or that #1 some people # 853: #2 Or # interviewer: like their coffee? 853: With milk. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um if someone is not going away from you, he's coming? 853: Toward you. interviewer: Okay. And say you saw somebody in town this morning that you, that you you haven't seen in a while. You might say, well I wasn't looking for him, I just happen to? 853: See him. interviewer: Okay, okay. Um if a child is given the same name that her mother has, you would say the child is named? 853: After the mother. interviewer: Okay. Hmm. Let's see, we were talking about cows and mules and horses and stuff that you have on a on a farm. What smaller animals would you have around? 853: Well, there's sheep and goats. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And calves. Hogs. interviewer: Did you ever have just pets? 853: Pets? interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Oh, lord. We always had a #1 pet. # interviewer: #2 What # did you have for pets? 853: Well, we had goats. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They would they made the life of pets. And my brother especially had a goat till he was a grown, grown man. interviewer: Is that right? 853: And the neighborhood called him goat. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: My brother. interviewer: How funny. {NW} 853: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 853: Because he interviewer: Yeah. 853: he loved 'em and interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 he # raised 'em and Papa'd sell 'em off and interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 853: #2 we'd # kill him off and never often that we'd kill that my daddy wouldn't kill anything that the kids had uh as a pet. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: He'd sell it when it got old and had to, or whatever. interviewer: Yeah. 853: But he wouldn't ever kill off anything. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Did you have a cats or anything like that? 853: Loads of 'em. interviewer: You did. 853: Pour out that milk. Out. Always had a pan out in the milking lot. #1 You know. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh, uh-huh. # 853: And mama the boys would milk a little and she'd say now son feed your cats while you're out there. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Give your cats some #1 milk. # interviewer: #2 Huh. # What other pets did you have beside the #1 cat? # 853: #2 We had # dogs. Cats. Rabbits. interviewer: No kidding, rabbits, my goodness. {NW} #1 Uh # 853: #2 And # anytime a bird was found anywhere we thought mama had the magic touch. And she'd splinter a leg or wing. interviewer: Hmm. 853: Bring in that bird in and interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: that bird as long as we lived there that bird would go and come back. interviewer: Huh. Isn't that something? 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: Even with the cats, huh? #1 The cats that are- # 853: #2 Right oh listen. # If a cat ever my brother could {X} throw a rock a mile. And if a cat ever chased a bird interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 especially # a mocker {D: I wouldn't care a} red bird, we had plenty of 'em. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I will tell you, he'd pick up rocks and he'd wham 'em. interviewer: {NW} 853: And they'd go leaping off and they didn't chase #1 birds anymore. # interviewer: #2 I guess, I guess. # Oh, what would you say to your dog if you want him, wanted him to attack another dog? 853: Go get him. interviewer: Okay. Uh. 853: Or sic him. interviewer: Okay. 853: Sic it. Sic him. Sic him. interviewer: What kind of dogs did you have? 853: Any kind. We had a always after I met after we married I always had a {D: bird dog} I mean a bulldog. interviewer: Oh, really? They're cute. 853: Yeah. interviewer: They're so funny looking. #1 Fa- face little pushed in face. # 853: #2 Well uh I had a # English bulldog. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I didn't know he would bite. And one of the neighbors near across over that {D: nut house} she came over here to bring me some uh fresh vegetables. And she went around the house and he loved her to death. And she had on no long s- sleeves {D: mop and a bonnet.} interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And he'd never seen her like that and he'd got her down in my yard, I wasn't here. He almost ate her up and she got loose and ran and he he knocked her down about middle ways home and got her again. interviewer: That's terrible. 853: I dressed her wounds. Legs. Stomach. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 Neck. # For a solid year. interviewer: That's terrible. He really got her #1 good. # 853: #2 He nearly # killed her. interviewer: #1 {X} # 853: #2 And they # didn't blame nobody. I'd thought they'd get mad. interviewer: Yeah. 853: I paid all of the bill. mr Bledsoe didn't want us to but John said, now wait a minute, Jim. I want to. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And uh. interviewer: Well, did the did the dog see her after that and, and or? 853: Yeah, but we tied him up and kept him until the doctor, the veterinary said that it was past time for the rabies. interviewer: Yeah. #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 For him # to die. And we gave him to uh oh, it was public in the paper, you know, published. Everywhere. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 They # come from far and near wanted that dog. And we gave it to uh a dairy farm down close to Marlin. They came up here and got him. interviewer: Is that right? For a watch dog, is that what they were? 853: Huh? interviewer: What do they use him for, a watch dog? 853: Yeah. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: So obviously a good one. 853: They turned him loose at night and nothing bothered their cows and calves. interviewer: I guess. 853: Chickens. interviewer: Yeah. That's scary. 853: Terrified me. interviewer: I guess. Uh. 853: But you know. Uh I did we didn't have that porch screened in then. interviewer: Yeah. 853: And John worked nights. And his name was prince. And I could go out there and I'd say come on Prince. Sit right here now. And he'd sit there as long as I stayed out. interviewer: Huh. 853: And every once in a while I'd say, go get it. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And he'd circle the house, snorting. #1 Never would # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 853: bark. interviewer: {NW} 853: Come back and sit down. interviewer: Huh. 853: {D: Just good to say well nothing there.} interviewer: Huh. What um you might say talking about dogs that bite, you might say yesterday our dog did what to the postman? 853: Bit? {NW} interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} interviewer: {X} 853: {NW} interviewer: You ever been bit by a dog? 853: {D: No.} interviewer: Me either. One time though um I was walking across the neighbor's yard and now it wasn't even in their yard but a dog next door I didn't, you know, I wasn't even, I didn't see the dog until this dog comes in bounding across the yard at me and was a collie. And that dog was going for my throat, scared me to death. 853: Mm-hmm. interviewer: But his owner saw it #1 and # 853: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: and called him off you know before he get to me. {X} I don't why he was gonna bite me, but he sure was. 853: Well I swear this dog was done going after her throat and she was screaming. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: and ms uh her mother heard her and she came out and {D: grabbed} a hoe and beat him off of her. {D: You wonder how to} knock her down. interviewer: Yeah. 853: He's a big dog. interviewer: #1 Oh, he was? That make- # 853: #2 English bull. # interviewer: #1 # 853: #2 # interviewer: Mm. 853: Ugly as I am. interviewer: {NW} Oh, come on. {NW} What would you call a mixed breed dog? 853: Half breed. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Or # mixed. interviewer: Okay. What if it was a worthless good for nothing kind of dog, what would you call him? 853: Just call him an old mangy #1 dog. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # 853: {NW} interviewer: What if it was a, a little, little bitty? yappy kind of dog, what would you call dog like that? 853: Well now sometimes there are different type dogs. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You'd say it it might be a little poodle. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Or it could be a little uh fox terrier #1 Or something # interviewer: #2 {X} # 853: you know a small dog #1 breed of # interviewer: #2 {X} # 853: dog. interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Did- # 853: #2 You # specify. He had any signs that he was a poodle. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 Inside. # interviewer: Yeah. Well I've got a dog that doesn't have a signs of being anything. {NW} 853: {NW} interviewer: #1 All- # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: Um let's see here. Oh. If you wanna say you have a cow. and you want to have the cow bred, take her to somebody who owns a 853: Bull. interviewer: Okay. And if you have two mules pulling a wagon, you'd say you have a what of mules? 853: A team. interviewer: Okay. If you have four mules pulling the wagon would you call that a team, or would you call #1 it something else? # 853: #2 No you'd say well # {D: now we've got well had to} pull that wagon with four. interviewer: Okay, okay. 853: You specify. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. If you have a cow named Daisy, who is expecting a calf, you might say next week Daisy is going to? 853: Uh have her baby have her calf or whatever. interviewer: Okay. Uh A female horse is called a? 853: Mare. interviewer: Okay. A male horse is called a? 853: Stud. interviewer: Okay. And let's see. If you couldn't say, if you couldn't stay on, you'd say I fell? #1 What the horse? # 853: #2 Off. # interviewer: What? 853: Fell off of the horse? interviewer: Okay. And Say little child went to sleep in his bed and he found himself on the floor the next morning, 853: {NW} interviewer: he'd say, gee, I must've? 853: Rolled #1 off. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # 853: {NW} interviewer: Uh what do you call those things that you put on a horse's uh feet to protect 'em? 853: Horseshoe. interviewer: Okay. Okay. And the part of the feet that you put it on is called the? 853: Hoof. interviewer: Okay. And, and a horse has four? 853: Feet. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Or hoof. # interviewer: #1 Four what? # 853: #2 Hooves. # interviewer: Okay. And #1 what? # 853: #2 Hooves. # Yeah. interviewer: What do you call that game that you play with the #1 horse? # 853: #2 Horseshoe. # interviewer: Okay, okay. #1 Did you ever play that? # 853: #2 It's # a horseshoe, yeah. interviewer: Yeah I I never did. 853: Oh, listen. Kids used to had uh have to play things like that. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They didn't have any games, you know. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They had to make their own entertainment. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: {D: Unless really never happy.} interviewer: Yeah. 853: They were busy all the time planning. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 Or # doing. interviewer: Trying to think of something. Yeah. 853: Right. Right. interviewer: Uh A male sheep you'd call a what? 853: I'm telling you. interviewer: {NW} Well what's a female sheep? 853: It's a he's a ram. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And she's a well I'm telling you, interviewer: {NW} It's the first #1 one. # 853: #2 {D: Stopped.} # interviewer: Okay, that's a female sheep? 853: No, I don't know what it is. I said I'm #1 {D: stung.} # interviewer: #2 Oh # you're {D: stung}. I'm sorry. 853: No. interviewer: Okay. 853: Uh I guess you'd call her a a ram and a female. interviewer: Okay. 853: I guess. interviewer: All right. Uh what'd they raise sheep for? 853: Wool. interviewer: Okay. And Oh if if you had a hog that that you didn't what do I say, let me ask you this first. What do you call a male hog? 853: He's a barrow. interviewer: Mm-kay. Okay. Now is is a barrow uh Let's see. 853: Let's see now is it barrow or boar. interviewer: {X} {NW} #1 I don't know. # 853: #2 {X} # interviewer: Well can if you have a male hog that you don't want to be able to to #1 mate # 853: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: what do you have to have done to #1 him? # 853: #2 You # operate on him. interviewer: Okay. Then you call him a what? 853: Well he's just a hog. interviewer: Okay, okay. Uh what do you call the stiff things on their backs on the hogs' backs that they they use them in brushes and things. 853: Yeah. I know it. Uh Well I'll declare. interviewer: You can just stop me if you think of it. Anytime anything you think of it tell me stop me. 853: Bristles. interviewer: Okay. All right. Um those big teeth that a hog #1 has. # 853: #2 Fa- # uh that's fangs. interviewer: Okay. Ever hear 'em called #1 anything else? # 853: #2 Teeth. # Teeth, I guess. {D: Just are} big fangs. interviewer: Okay, okay. Are they mean? 853: Not necessarily. interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Mm-hmm. # Now there is wild hogs, interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. #1 {X} # 853: #2 when we w- # When we'd go deer hunting, you had to be careful. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Carry a big stick. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 Along. # interviewer: Yeah. 853: Course you couldn't done anything with it but they didn't know it and there's always {D: in a ravine.} interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Dry creek. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And here they'd come. interviewer: Uh. 853: Short steps {D: little} teeth sticking out there. interviewer: Ugh. 853: Scare you to death. interviewer: They look like they would be mean. 853: They were mean. interviewer: What did you, did you have name for 'em besides just wild hog? 853: Yeah no what just a wild boar. interviewer: Well okay. Uh uh those things that you put feed into to feed the hogs, you'd say I have three or #1 four? # 853: #2 Trough. # interviewer: What? 853: Feed troughs. interviewer: Okay. Um. 853: Is that what you're talking about? interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. Did you all ever have, how many of those did you all have, usually? 853: Oh, we usually had a long one and then we'd have some small ones on each end for the little pigs. interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 Or # the smaller hogs. interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 They # couldn't fight the big ones away interviewer: Yeah. 853: {D: up in the} big ones. interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Uh if you were gonna tell me about them you would say well we had we had several small whats? 853: Troughs. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 853: #2 Feed # troughs. interviewer: Okay. Um #1 what # 853: #2 And we'd # you know we'd we'd call the the scraps from the table and milk and water uh dish water. interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 Uh # {D: I don't care how much} soap and we used lots of then. interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 853: #2 It # didn't hurt the #1 hogs. # interviewer: #2 No kidding. # 853: And you pour that in this barrel too. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then it was carried and you slopped the #1 hogs. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # {NW} Really was sloppy too #1 I guess. # 853: #2 Mm. # interviewer: Uh. 853: But you know it was carried {D: for the outhouse} just like it was good to eat. interviewer: Is that right? Huh. Well, they, it was good to eat for #1 them I suppose. # 853: #2 It was for the hogs and then # and then it would get smelly if you didn't tend to it. #1 You can # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 853: keep it covered and flies would collect you know. interviewer: Yeah. 853: Now we never and you didn't have any screens in you know. interviewer: Oh, is that right? Hmm. 853: #1 No. # interviewer: #2 So it was # just open. 853: Absolutely. All the doo- windows and doors, interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: no screens. interviewer: Uh. 853: Now of course you can't remember that far back. interviewer: No. 853: But after I married, we built this house, we we didn't have any screens. interviewer: Is that right? And you had to leave the windows open all the time cuz you didn't have #1 air conditioning. # 853: #2 I know it. # And why we didn't have flies, I don't #1 know. # interviewer: #2 You # didn't? 853: But we never had uh then you know a fly got in here the other day and I like never got that thing out interviewer: #1 Oh. # 853: #2 killed. # interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: He wouldn't {D: light is a kinda} {NW} interviewer: {NW} 853: And he never {D: light.} interviewer: That'd drive you #1 crazy. # 853: #2 Finally # I got up the next morning, he had he was ha- he {D: lit on} down the sink. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I right here I got my swatter. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I went over there and killed him. interviewer: They get tired after a while but sometimes it takes a #1 day. # 853: #2 But # you'd think you'd have swarms of #1 flies. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 I would've thought so. # 853: #2 Well. # I've been places where you couldn't eat {D: for 'em.} interviewer: Yeah. 853: But not us, we never did cuz we were never allowed to put anything on the ground out around the house. interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 The dogs # were fed out away from the house. interviewer: I see. That probably helped. Mm-hmm. Um. The noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned, you'd call a? 853: #1 The what? # interviewer: #2 The # noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned, what kind of a noise does he make? 853: Bleat. interviewer: Okay. 853: Kinda like a sheep, you know it it kind of bleats a little #1 bit. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # Uh what do you call a gentle noise made by a cow during milking time? 853: Mooing. interviewer: Okay. And a gentle noise that a horse makes would be a? 853: Whinnying. interviewer: Okay. Okay. 853: Is that it? Right? interviewer: #1 Uh, just whatever you call is right. # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 A bunch of people {X} say # 853: #2 {NW} # interviewer: bunch of different things, you know, so just whatever you #1 say. # 853: #2 You mean # you don't ever think to contradict me there #1 or? # interviewer: #2 Hmm-mm. # No, I don't. {X} 853: I don't know what all this is for. interviewer: Well. People are just curious about these things. Just want to know what {D: words} says, you know, what is makes a lot of noise. Uh if you got some mules and cows, and so on and they're getting hungry, you have to go out and feed the? 853: Animals or the mules. interviewer: Okay. 853: Whichever one or if you'll say you better go out and feed the stock. interviewer: Mm-kay okay. And if you got hens and turkeys and chickens and all that kind of stuff, you got to feed this, now I gotta go feed the? 853: The chickens. interviewer: Okay. #1 And # 853: #2 That # included anything that had feathers. interviewer: Oh. 853: {NW} interviewer: Okay. And uh a hen on a nest of eggs is called a? 853: Setting. interviewer: Okay. And where do the chickens live? 853: What? interviewer: Where do the chickens live? 853: They have a, hen hou- we always have a what we called a hen house. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. 853: And by the time they got big enough to go up this little ladder onto the thing interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: they had boards they'd set on up there and roost on at night. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: I've gone out there and {D: bought a decide I} wanted to dress a hen had somebody to say they'd be here earlier the next day and eat #1 lunch. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 853: I said I got to go get an old hen, dress her tonight. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: John said well what for? Can't you dress her in the morning? Not and get you off to work and {D: babies} off to school. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I got to dress that hen tonight. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And he'd say well I'll I get the ladder and and we'd go out there and he'd {D: hold and he'd say} which one you want, they'll be setting up there. interviewer: #1 {NW} # 853: #2 Sleep. # You'll be {D: surprised.} interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Oh dear. interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I'd I'd know about which one was you know had just laid her litter at. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. #1 Yeah. # 853: #2 And # I'd get one that you know wasn't a laying hen. interviewer: #1 Yeah # 853: #2 Right # then. interviewer: Yeah. 853: But a good healthy hen that had just got through. They'll lay so many eggs and they don't lay for a while anymore. interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. I see, yeah. What, what would you call a place where you kept 'em that was smaller than the big hen house? 853: Uh Coop. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh What was coop usually made out of? 853: Wood. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Or tin. {C: distorted} 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh, let's see. {NW} Oh, when you have fried chicken, what do you call that part of chicken that the kids get a hold of? 853: Pulley bone. Interviewer: Okay. What's the deal with the pulley bone, you get to make a wish or 853: Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Who gets to make the wish? Which one? 853: The one that gets shortest one. Interviewer: The short one? 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: We always did it with the one got the long one. 853: It, was it? Interviewer: Yeah. 853: I think we did the short one. Interviewer: Isn't it funny? 853: {NW} Interviewer: Um. {NW} What do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you can eat? 853: Gizzard? Interviewer: Okay. What, what uh- the gizzard, and the heart, and the 853: Oh, yeah. Interviewer: liver, all that stuff what do you call give the name for all that stuff together? 853: No. I, just uh you'd, you'd call them separately. Uh, you like the gizzard. Interviewer: Okay. 853: I like the liver. Interviewer: mm-kay. Okay. 853: And uh I don't eat the heart, maybe you eat the heart. Interviewer: Uh. 853: And, you know. Interviewer: What, what do you call the inside part of the pig or calf that you can eat? 853: Well, that's a, you had the liver, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: that you can eat. Interviewer: Um. What do you call the stuff from the inside of a, I guess a, pig, usually, they used to stuff sausage in? 853: Stu- stuff the sausage in? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: It was a the entrails. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 853: They clean them. Interviewer: Okay. 853: You know, and it was intestines. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. 853: They cleaned them. Interviewer: Did you all ever do that? 853: No. My dad no {NW} Interviewer: #1 Sounds terrible. # 853: #2 My dad wouldn't # stand for it. But I'll tell you, by the time when you got them clean, you've done a mammoth, mammoth job and they were cleaned. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: But I, we never did. Interviewer: Would I take all day? 853: Well, my mother always made sacks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And by the time I was eight or nine years old, she'd cut those long strips, and you'd fold them up and you sew down across the end back up Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And, they'd be about that about that big around when you get them stuffed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And lord, have mercy, if you think that wasn't a job stuffing one night long. Interviewer: Oh, boy. I guess. About that'd be about what, two inches round across, I mean two inches in diameter? 853: Yeah, but you see the way you do that, you don't, you put this open on something on glass, maybe. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And put them down in there, jar, big old jar, and then you take this uh, sausage and you'd roll it up and drop it down there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: See, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then you'd shake it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Not mash it to the sides yet. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then you drop some more till you get toward where you pack it down Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: First thing you know, you kept this this way and get it down there, and it'd be stuffed tight and you drop some more in there and you Interviewer: Huh. 853: do it same way. Interviewer: Huh. I see. 853: Take all day. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. I see that. Uh. 853: But we stuffed it in, old sheets Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see. 853: My old ragged sheets, mama'd take them and she'd tear long strips and fold them back to about that long you know. Interviewer: About, two feet long? 853: Yeah. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh And then you'd tie up here you know with a s- twine string. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You got flour in sacks. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And you'd unravel that, and we'd make cup tails out of the sacks. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And then we'd save that big bowl of twine through the years Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh we wrap that around and tie it. Interviewer: Huh. Amazing. Uh Do you hear your cow mooing and your horse neighing, you might say Gee I didn't realize it was so late, it's almost 853: Bed time. Interviewer: Okay. Or, Say it's time to go feed them, you'd say 853: Right, uh-huh. They're, yeah, they're hollering. Interviewer: Okay. 853: For food. Interviewer: It's almost what time? 853: {NW} Feeding time. Interviewer: Okay. And uh how do you call cows to get them to come in from the pasture? 853: Soo cow. Interviewer: {NW} 853: Soo Cow. Interviewer: {NW} {NW} What about calves? Do you call them the same way? 853: Oh, they come with a mama. Interviewer: Ah. Okay. What would you say to a cow to make her stand still during, while milking her? 853: You, you hit her. Interviewer: Oh. {NW} I see. 853: I say all right, Maggie. Hit her up here on the hip, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: I didn't do a lot of milking, but I liked to milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I feel it's already fun. I never got to milk cow. 853: And uh she wiggling, she'd move that leg up so you couldn't get to the bag, Interviewer: Is that right? 853: or you know all the tit. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I say, all right Maggie, and push back with my hand Interviewer: {NW} 853: I didn't want my put my hands on it, you know. And it'd make me smell my dirt like that with my back of my hand Interviewer: {NW} 853: Mama died if she'd know you touched anything after you went out without washing Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 853: But you know, I've had my brothers say, well mama, the black boy, Alec and uh whatever his name was, Dewey, Alec and Dewey would, they'd milk after we played ball, they don't have to scrub their hands and clean their fingernails, mama says well, your milk goes right down through your hands. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And who wants to drink it? Interviewer: Yeah, really. 853: She was a awful, awful my dad was too. Interviewer: About being clean? About clean hand? That's good. It's good, part of the reason all you all were healthy. 853: I know it! We never had to have a doctor. Interviewer: Uh-huh, Mm-hmm. What, um. What would you say to the, to mules or horses to make them go left or right when you're plowing? 853: Gee and haw. Interviewer: Which is which? 853: Gee Haw was left. Interviewer: Gee was right? 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. How would you call the horses to get them come in from the pasture? 853: Oh, you whistle for that. Interviewer: Oh, 853: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 853: {NW} Interviewer: Hey. 853: Here they go. Interviewer: How do you do that? Whistle three 853: {NW} I used to like I got all these teeth ou- or split, {NW} Interviewer: Wow. 853: Yeah. I used to good whistle a tune. {NW} Interviewer: How do you do that? I don't know how you do it. 853: {NW} {NW} You just got to get your tongue just right and get it on your lip where the air comes out. {NW} {NW} And I'd uh {NW} {NW} You know some lab, I could whistle anything and I sometimes I can now but not often Uh, I could've been a ventriloquist. Interviewer: Really? 853: I can close my mouth sometimes and whistle tune you could hear it. Interviewer: {NW} 853: Over there. With my mouth closed. Interviewer: Is that right? Nobody know you would one do anything 853: None in here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I'll say you do it. What would you say to the horse to urge him on? 853: Get up. Interviewer: Okay. Is that when he was standing still or when you were already going 853: Well, already going, you'd say get up! Get up! Go on! Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. 853: Go on. Interviewer: Uh. 853: Get. Interviewer: What would you say to stop him? 853: Whoa. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you say to make him back up? 853: Back up now, come on. Back, back! Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: And how would you call hogs to feed them? 853: Whoo pig. Whoo Whoo Interviewer: {NW} 853: {NW} Interviewer: They may come, huh? 853: And, and you just had a certain little power, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they'd come running. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about sheep? Did you ever call sheep in? 853: No. We never did have, only pet sheep. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. What about chickens? Have you called chickens? 853: Chick chick chick chick. Come, chickie. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Come on. Interviewer: {NW} 853: Come on, baby. Interviewer: Uh. Before you can hitch uh a horse to a buggy or a wagon, what do you have to do to it, or put on him? 853: Put on his, you put the, ha- bridle on him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And sometimes they have a halter on the mules to get them go on a plow work with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then you put a, the breast, works Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Goes on here that, goes into the, back to the trace back there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call those? 853: Single tree and the Well, it's a, have a collar, big old collar, you know, goes around there Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And it fastens onto that breast work. Interviewer: Okay. If you're gonna go out and hitch him up for the wagon, you say, I gotta go out and what the horse? 853: Hitch up the mules. Interviewer: Okay, okay. 853: You'd better get the mules hitched up to the wagon now, we got to go get down the patch and bring in some Interviewer: Okay. If you 853: Wood. Interviewer: You're plowing, what do you call those leather things that you guide them with? 853: The lines. Interviewer: Okay. And if you're just riding the horse then what do you call those leather thing? 853: Leather bridle. You know, it have the bridle and the reins. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: And Where you put your feet into when you ride the horse? 853: Stirrups. Interviewer: Okay. And uh If you have two horses when you're plowing. And what do you call the one who walks in for a call 'em anything different? 853: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} If something is not right near at hand, you'd say, it's just a little not right here but it's just little 853: Little distance over there. Interviewer: Okay. Okay . And say you've been traveling and you, you haven't finished your journey yet. You might say that you have a Aw, what to go for- 853: A long ways yet. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Long. {NW} Interviewer: If something is real common and you don't have to look for special place, you'd say, all right fine, that's just about 853: Anywhere. Interviewer: Okay. And if you slipped on the ice and fell this way, you'd say you fell 853: Backward. Interviewer: Okay. And if you fell this way, you'd fell {X} Okay. Uh. {NW} If someone breaks something of yours and you're telling him it's okay, you might say, aw, it's all right. I didn't like it what? 853: {NW} It's all right. Just don't worry about it. Interviewer: Okay. All right. Um. 853: I said that when I could cried. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Sometimes you have to wave and say it just to make 853: That's a that's just kind of, fibs you're gonna have to answer for too. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: You know, Interviewer: But sometimes to, feel like you have to make the person feel better. 853: I know it, but then to keep friendship. Interviewer: Yeah, right. 853: You really do. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Sure. If you, if you have a a good yield one year, you'd say this year we raised a bumper 853: Crop. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: And If you got rid all the brushes and trees on some land, you might say you did what to the land? 853: Cleared it. Interviewer: Okay. And Um. Sometimes if you go in a cut the grass for hay, lot of times it would grow up again in same year and go back to cut it again. What do you call it when you cut it again? 853: Second crop. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call a old, dried dead grass that's, that's left over on the ground in the spring? Just lying there, you know. Dead grass from the season before. 853: Mm-hmm. You mean what you do with it? Interviewer: What do you call it? 853: Cover crop. Interviewer: Oh. 853: They'd just a cover Interviewer: Okay. 853: Ground cover. Interviewer: {NW} What you call a crop that you didn't plant this year but just came up anyway? 853: Wild grass or wild crop, or stuff. Volunteer. Interviewer: Okay. Uh-huh. Volunteer. If a, if it's greener or something that comes up after you harvested a crop, Uh-huh. 853: You'll say, well, I got a pretty good volunteer crop. Interviewer: {NW} That happen very often? 853: Yes. Interviewer: Huh. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh. 853: Especially with oats. Interviewer: Is that right? Let's see. Comparing how tall you are, you might say he's not as tall as 853: I. Interviewer: Okay. And again you might say, I'm not as tall as 853: She is. Or Interviewer: Okay. 853: He is or Interviewer: Uh. 853: They are. Interviewer: Comparing how well you can do something, you might say he can do better than 853: I. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And say person had been to New Mexico, and he hadn't been 853: {NW} Interviewer: any further west than New Mexico, you know. He'd say that New Mexico is as, what as he never been? 853: Far west. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. {NS} If somebody's been to your house for party or something they, forgot their coats, you might gather fix later get out the car, you might run after them with their coats, and say here's 853: You forgot your coat. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} If nobody, you might say, if nobody would look out for them, then they've got to look out for 853: Themselves. Interviewer: Okay. And a if nobody else it gonna do it for you, he better do it 853: Himself. Interviewer: Okay. And I never stopped right there. {NS} Okay. Let's see. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Oh. Um. {NW} What do you call that stuff that you, that you toast to have a bread for two kinds of bread. {NW} 853: What? Interviewer: Two kinds of bread. Basically, there's homemade bread and the other kind is 853: Bought bread? Interviewer: Okay. 853: Hmm. Interviewer: And uh, what other kinds of breads are there besides just the kind that comes in loaves? 853: Well, there's a buns for hamburgers. Interviewer: Uh-huh, yeah. 853: And this a rolls for hot rolls. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You know, brown and serve Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: like Interviewer: What else? 853: And this uh eh there's sweet rolls. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: You know, like a Interviewer: Did you, did you ever make sweet rolls? 853: Oh yes. Interviewer: Yeah, I see. 853: I used to coo- I used to make fifty and sixty sheets of, I mean not that many sheets, but at least fifty or seventy-five dozen of uh cinnamon rolls. Interviewer: Um. Goodness. 853: Sell them. Interviewer: Yeah, does that when you all had this a- 853: Had a market. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: On a, north eighteenth. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Right across in front of Sears on the corner there. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And next door was an ice cream parlor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Robinson's. And they'd give us ice cream everyday and I'll tell you, we thrived on it. Interviewer: I guess. I drove out by there when {NS} Um. Also drive, go by Dairy Queen stop, had some ice cream. 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. What other kinds of bread are there? 853: Oh, I don't know this uh of course, you know there's corn bread and Interviewer: Yeah. What all different kinds of corn breads are there? 853: Well, you know there's several kind, let's see. Kind that water bread, water corn bread. Did you ever make any? Interviewer: No. 853: Well, all you do is put salt and, and it's real good, you ought to try it. Ah. You mix about a third as much flour as you have meal. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And you mix uh, salt it like about like you would've if you was gonna cook corn bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then you take uh an onion, and cut it up real fine in there. And then you put enough hot water. In there for to be not runny like you would corn bread. but enough that you could pick up a spoonful and put it in a hot grease, and fry it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Fried corn bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Did you ever fix any? Interviewer: mm-mm. 853: Oh, it's delightful. Interviewer: That sounds good. 853: I like it better than I do baked corn bread. Interviewer: Is that right? {X} What kind of grease do you fry it in anyway? 853: Just uh, well, it's better if you have fried meat grease. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You know, bacon drippings. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But I use uh Mazola. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Or you know Interviewer: Uh. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Um. {NW} How'd you when you baked corn bread, how did you fix a pan? How, what did you do? 853: Well I put nearly half in and half flower and meal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, Mm-hmm. 853: And then I put a little soda, a little baking powders Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And uh milk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And even if I put uh, use sweet milk which I do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: 'Cause I don't buy butter milk, you know, but I buy sweet milk. for to make cream potatoes and such. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh I put uh, and make it uh pretty thin batter and pour it in a I used my old iron skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: 'Cause I usually make it when I'm gonna have my brother an his wife, and my sister and her husband. and my s- daughter and her husband, myself we all get together here when they come to town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: See, my brother lives in San Antonio. Interviewer: Oh, is that right? It's not too far. 853: And he comes up, regular. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Ever few weeks. Interviewer: Is that right? 853: And uh {NW} Interviewer: Did uh 853: Put it, you bake it this, you know, in that skillet. Interviewer: Did you ever, did you ever see people uh make a, make some cornbread and, and put it in front of fire on the board put in front of open fire, you know? 853: Yeah, now that's a uh we never did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: {NS} But {NS} you know, they don't put a lot of stuff in it, Interviewer: Yeah. 853: I mean like a um baking soda and baking powder, maybe it'll be water bread still. Uh, it'll call it a pone. Interviewer: Po- uh-huh. 853: Yeah. Corn pone. And it sits kind of like water bread, you know, it does-it's I don't like it. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But now this uh Interviewer: What when you say water bread, what's water bread? 853: When you use water instead of milk. Interviewer: Oh. Uh-huh. 853: And, and of course it's not as rich Interviewer: It's not as rich. 853: No. Now if you make a this I'm tell you about frying, that's kind of like hush puppies. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Not exactly but it's kind of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Like hush puppies. Interviewer: I like hush puppies. 853: I do, too. Interviewer: How is it different from hush puppies? 853: Hush puppies? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well, uh you put an egg in that. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 853: In that, in the hush puppies. Interviewer: Okay. 853: And it's a little lighter, it's little more like regular backed corn bread, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But the other is has hot water in it and enough flour until it sticks together, see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And it's uh it's real good. Interviewer: Sounds good. 853: I like it. I cook it sometimes for myself. just a little dab. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You don't have to have in a sifter 'cause you know, you don't put nothing in it Interviewer: Yeah. 853: To mount anything. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh but plenty of salt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Enough that it, you know, you can really taste salt in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then I make it in if I have two, three small pieces left after I cooked it from night or lunch. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well, then I put in a piece of it and put it in a oven tomorrow and warm it up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's good. 853: It's just good to as fresh. Interviewer: Did you ever put sugar in any of the corn bread? 853: I don't but a lot of people do. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever hear what kind of corn bread they cook in the ashes in the fire? stick it right in the ashes there or, I think they put it in a pan, put the pan in the ashes. 853: Yeah, I'm sure you do. No, I never did cook it in that way. But my grandmother did. Interviewer: {NW} Um. Did you ever cook any, just in a, you said a big old skillet, the big round skillet. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you cook it on top of stove with that one? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: You said you put it in the oven? 853: Yeah. Uh-huh. You can cook it and then, you usually have to have something to turn it out on, see. And turn it and put it back in the end. And it'll stay together, don't crumble I mean when you turn it. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And uh you can cook it on top. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You have to cook it slow. Interviewer: Do you like it as well that way? 853: I don't like it near as well as I do cooked in the oven. That type bread, I like it in the oven better. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah, I think I do too. 853: But you are to try that uh co- fried corn bread, you know. Interviewer: Sounds good. 853: Like a, put the onion in. chip it up in there you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then don't uh, have your water boiling and you'd first mix all this stuff good and then you stir your water in there enough that it's not runny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: It, when you dip it up, it's uh like cream potatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: Thick. you know what I mean. Interviewer: #1 I see. They use stone hot # 853: #2 Stays together. # And I just take, I've got an old uh silver spoon. that I went house keeping with that wasn't very good. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And I just reach down in there and get it and put it in there and if I want to, then I'll turn it around and over, when about and get it then and I'll take my spoon and mash it down a little bit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. 853: Shape it soup myself. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Sounds good. 853: And if you want to, and you've got a deep enough pan and you won't uh make it, well you can make it in little long sticks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. My husband likes it that way. 853: Uh-huh. You can take it in your hand and roll it, see. Now, old crazy me, I take a piece of wax paper and roll it in it until Interviewer: Yeah? 853: I get it. Interviewer: When do you bake those? or do you just 853: I just drop it in that hot grease. Interviewer: I have to tell buddy that way. 'Cause he likes them that way. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I hope he's Did you ever hear of kind of corn bread that was um oh Uh you boil it in cheese cloth with beans or greens or something? 853: Boil it? in what? Interviewer: In cheese cloth with some beans and grease? 853: Corn bread? Interviewer: Yeah. And 853: Oh. Interviewer: Uh-or, or in them in chicken. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever, did you ever 853: No, I never have cooked in that way. Interviewer: Um. Did you ever hear of kind of corn meal, that you cook in a deep pan and then you when through cooking, you dish it out like mash potatoes 853: Yeah, like cr- you know, like mush. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that good? 853: Sure, uh-huh. Yeah. #1 Takes- # Interviewer: #2 What is it, what- # 853: It takes little more seasoning. You'd, season that like you would grits. Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. 853: You cook it like grits. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You'd put butter. And a lot of people in their grits I don't, I like salt and butter Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: cooked in my grits, and uh, but a lot of people salt and pepper. you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: In grits. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Or malt o' meal you know. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: You cook that cornbread just like that. Interviewer: Sounds good. Um. {NW} What you call that kind of bread that sweet and fried in a, in and, and it has a hole in the middle? 853: Doughnuts. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What do you call that kind of doughnut that's long and twisted like this? 853: Little layer, they're twist, or or I guess that would be it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. {NW} How do you, what do they put in donuts to make 'em rise? 853: Uh, you, you fix in just like you do cake batter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Only you, have it, you don't put as much liquid in it, so you could roll them out and then cut them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: See. And then you have a doughnut cutter you know all, biscuit cutter comes with the donut cutter. Interviewer: Oh, is that right? 853: When you buy. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And it's got that little bitty one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: In the middle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And you untwist it and it's on two a little knobs that sits that got a hole in this little thing and you twist them on there and you cut your doughnut out and those little old things that comes out in that little deal about that big around Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: They are delightful to drop them in a hot grease. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I bet so. 853: Yeah. That is real. Good. Interviewer: {NW} Um. Did you hear of a donut that has three little strips across a hole? Um. What if you just took a big lump of donut dough, you know without cutting out with 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: the cutter and just fry it that way, would you 853: It will be like that twist, long, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: it'd be, it'll cook like that. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you call those uh things that, that you stack up and put 853: Hotcakes? Interviewer: butter up. What? 853: Hotcakes? Interviewer: Okay. What it, 853: Or, or pancakes. Interviewer: Was it the same thing? 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you usually make them out of? 853: You make them with flour and, you put uh little bit of lab thing that you know uh Interviewer: Okay. 853: Baking powders. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Salt. And sweet milk. Interviewer: That- that's too many 853: Isn't that something? Hmm. Interviewer: It's just dirty and that's not turn in green. It just gets dirty. {NS} 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Um. {NS} {X} What do you pour over uh, pancakes when you 853: Syrup. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Did you ever use anything else? # 853: #2 Maple. # Maple syrup. Huh? Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. What, do you ever use anything besides maple syrup? 853: Yes, mama used to make it. We called it home made syrup, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And she'd uh, brown and little bit of sugar in a stewer or in a skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: They're, it's better because it's heavy, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Don't burn things too quick. And she'd brown that little dab of sugar and she put uh some water and enough sugar in there to make it get syrupy. thick like as thick as maple syrup, you know it's runny. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: You know how it is. And then you use a we didn't ever have it when I can remember, uh, maple flavoring, you can buy it now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But you couldn't then, and she'd use vanilla, that was only flavor you had that and spices of some kind. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And my dad likes spices and she'd put nutmeg in that syrup. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And make those pancakes. Interviewer: Sounds good. 853: Now if you, you think that wasn't a job to cook for thirteen. Interviewer: {NW} Why commend you. 853: Well, I'd say twelve. Because as I said that, one sister died when she was #1 about three. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah, oh yeah. # 853: And uh, I've, remember when we was all at the table at one time. Interviewer: Um. And she had to cook all that. 853: Year in a year out. And I've cooked for um all of them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Long before I was twelve years old. Interviewer: Uh. 853: #1 I'll tell you something. # Interviewer: #2 I don't see how you did it. # 853: I'll tell you one thing, and I'm not bragging, but I used to be the talk of the town for cook. Interviewer: I guess. I guess you got lots of practice. 853: I really did. Interviewer: {NW} 853: And uh, when I moved out here I could really cook. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And John'd thought I was raised in town, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I was raised on the farm until I got fifteen years old. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And he thought that I didn't know how to do anything, one of his brothers would just threw a fit because John married that little old silly girl. country city gal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But the first Sunday we were married and then the next Sunday, we married on Saturday, and we already had our apartment. And uh And then the next Sunday, we went out here to home place. Till the end of this one. And then the next morning we got up, my I told his mother, I said I'll make the biscuit if you like for me to, I I can do that and you know where everything else is and then I can make the biscuit. And I made popovers, up, popover you know. You would roll them pretty thin you ought to try. fulling. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. 853: Roll them pretty thin. and then put either melted butter or just a little bit of of Crisco melted. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And just take your fingers and put it all in there, and then fold it and roll them again and cut them out Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And you take them out, you got a little thin biscuit two of them. Interviewer: Huh. Yummy. That, just makes it to divide, I get them. 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um, that sounds good. They all, they all had a fit on edge of may head 853: Whoo. Where'd you learn to do that? Interviewer: {NW} 853: I said I don't know, I've been doing all my life. Interviewer: Eh, just born knowing how. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Comes naturally. 853: Yeah. Just like the girl with a pretty hair, oh, I manage. Interviewer: {NW} 853: How do you keep your hair look so pretty? Oh, I manage. Interviewer: I manage, some how. Uh-huh. {NW} Ah, what do you call that stuff that you put in bread to make it rise? 853: Baking powders. Interviewer: Okay, or the other stuff was 853: Soda. Interviewer: Okay. And then the other stuff is 853: Yeast. Interviewer: Okay. And You might say you went to the store and buy two what of flour? 853: You what? Interviewer: You went to the store to by two what of flour? 853: Two Um kinds, or two pounds. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Two pounds. Interviewer: And the two parts of an egg, or the inside parts of an egg 853: White and yolk. Interviewer: Okay. And, and the yolk is what color? 853: Yellow. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you cook eggs in hot water, you'd say you have hard 853: Boiled. Interviewer: Hard what? 853: Hard boiled. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Hard boiled what? 853: Eggs. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: And if you just crack them and let them fall in water, you know, 853: They're poached. Interviewer: Okay. That's good, that's well. 853: Yeah, Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That's good. 853: You do? Interviewer: Yeah. 853: No, the raw egg? Interviewer: Yeah. Just the inside. 853: No. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah, I like that one. 853: No. {NW} I couldn't eat one. Interviewer: Yeah, I have cousin who don't eat one. 853: I like them scrambled, I don't want them real dry. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But I like them scrambled. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Oh, I'll eat 'em anyway # 853: #2 I couldn't eat a # whole cooked egg, I mean fried. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: I, I eat the boiled egg, but I couldn't eat the white. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Isn't that stupid? Interviewer: Strange. Not stupid. {NW} 853: Strange. Not stupid but strange. Interviewer: But strange. {NW} Uh. 853: I'm a finicky eater. Interviewer: Is that right? Well. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: I used to be but I've got to where I'll eat just most anything. 853: I, I never tasted the milk and I never tasted a fish. Interviewer: Huh. 853: I never tasted liver. Interviewer: Huh. Now I like fish. Bass. That's a kind of fish too. 853: I used to cry when we go fishing and they cooked fish because I got sick in my stomach. Smelling it, you know. Interviewer: Oh I can understand why you never tasted it. 853: And Dick used to my son-in-law. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: He used to wouldn't go fishing without I went. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: All of us went so and me go alone because I kept them in a hot coffee all hours and night Interviewer: {NW} 853: And I'd fix them a big breakfast. We get two cabins and the men would, with their wet clothes stayed in one and the women and the kids in the other. And we cooked in our cabin of course. Interviewer: I bet that's fun. 853: Oh, lands, we had a lots of fun. Interviewer: Um. What do you call the salt cured or sugar cured meat that you might boil with greens? 853: Dry salt. Interviewer: Okay. Did the, the meat, is that what you call a meat? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Uh-huh, dry salt, it's baked, it's, it's a bacon. Interviewer: Is it like bacon? Is it, is it 853: Oh, it's a fat part. Interviewer: Oh, I see. Huh. 853: You cut that off and you keep that strip with lean for s- #1 baked, breakfast bacon we call it, you know. # Interviewer: #2 Oh, uh. # Uh-huh, I see. Okay. 853: And Interviewer: What do you call that part on edge that you have to cut off if you're gonna have bacon? 853: Oh, that's fat. Interviewer: Well, on the other side. There's a, there usually edge on the lean side that you- 853: Oh, rind. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. {NW} What do you call the um the part of the hog between the shoulder and the ham? 853: Back bone. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Uh. {NS} And what do you call a person who slaughters and cuts up meat? 853: The what? Interviewer: Who who slaughters the meat and cuts it up? What do you call it? 853: The butcher? Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} After you butcher a hog, what do you make with a meat from its head? 853: Uh. Ah. Well, you know what. Interviewer: What? 853: Uh. Oh, mercy alive, now that's one I like think of it. Uh. Interviewer: Did you all ever do that? 853: Yeah, we used to make it, and you sliced it. You boil that head and you cut it off, Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And in nibble it, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then there's enough this juice that you put in there and it jells, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: It's a Um. {NW} Oh, mercy. I can't even think more. Interviewer: You stop me. If you think of it, stop me. 853: But it was delightful, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You slice and you can make good sandwiches. Interviewer: Huh. 853: You couldn't carry it in school lunches. Interviewer: Why? 853: Because that uh, jell stuff in there would melt to get too hot in the summer time, now in the winter you could. Interviewer: Oh. 853: That's when you killed hogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Kill the hogs in the winter? 853: Hmm? Interviewer: Kill hogs in the winter? Winter time was when you killed hogs? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Oh. 853: Oh, oh, yes. Interviewer: I see. 853: Yeah. And you know we didn't use to have any ice boxes. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And you'd hang it up, or, use to that kill them, kill the hogs, and open them up first thing after they ugh, hang them up by the heels and gut them, they call it, and take all that inside out Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And my dad of course, he take buckets and buckets of water all over rags mama could find to wash out in that and it just was one of drop of blood left in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh-huh. 853: And then they took it down on a big table and they cut the shoulders off. And the hams off. and then cut off the feet, you know. When you made you cook the feet too, you know. Used to pickle a feet. Interviewer: {NW} I've heard of that. 853: Pickle. Pig feets, you know. You can buy them in markets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Used to could, but you can't anymore, I don't guess. Interviewer: I've seen them, I've seen them. 853: You do? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: #1 I imagine that's safe way in places like that you would # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah, the pickles. Well, Um. Did you ever make anything from the uh, the liv- the hog's liver? 853: Oh, you'd, you uh that's the first thing you ate. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You wouldn't allow yourself eat anything else. And you'd gave away to the neighbors that wouldn't killing hogs right then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Everybody had hogs to kill. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But the Smiths would come in and have the Jones' kill hogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And you'd distributed the liver with them. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And get rid of it because it would keep very Interviewer: Oh, uh-huh. #1 Did you # 853: #2 And you eat, you eat that liver # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: That night for supper, and I cried every time. Interviewer: You didn't like it? 853: I never tasted it. Interviewer: You didn't like the smell of it? 853: I wouldn't ta- I couldn't look at it without crying. Interviewer: Did you ever, did you ever cooked the liver and grind it up to make something out of this ground duck liver? 853: No. Never did. Interviewer: Did you ever make anything out of the, the hog's blood? 853: Blood? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Huh? Um. 853: They took the intestines #1 you know, I, we talked about it yesterday. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 853: Stuffed it. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: With the sausage. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: You know. in 'em . But now you know, my daddy and mother wouldn't have eaten it to start with. And it'd take days on end to soak them and get them cleaned enough ever. Look like you will eat out of it. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Yeah. 853: And you cut it and slice it in there and then peeled it off, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: Eh, you'd you'd cut your little strip of sausage, you know how, and then you'd stick your. knife on the then cut it and peel it off all around. Interviewer: You take it off, you didn't eat that part. 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh, I see. 853: Throw that away. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But that was just a casing Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: To hold it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did, what, what did you put in there to make the sausage? 853: You put salt and red pepper and black pepper and sage. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, Mm-hmm. 853: Just like you buy. It's got all that stuff in there. Maybe not as well seasoned, and some other is. Jimmy Dean's Interviewer: Uh. 853: sausage is pretty good. Interviewer: Is it? I'll try that. 853: Mm-hmm, Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Wha- did you ever take that juice from the head that stirred up with some corn they mix some hog meat 853: No, but ma- make used to make dumplings. Interviewer: How you do that? 853: Like chicken and dumpling? Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: Just like that. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And it makes good, chicken dumplings. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Because it's rich and good see. Interviewer: Yeah, I see- Yeah, I 853: And back bone and spare ribs Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Uh. You do that, make dumplings with that back bone. Interviewer: I bet that's good, too. 853: That's another thing I cooked for them. They never had had any back bone with dumplings. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: The Terrols. Interviewer: Yeah. Huh. 853: And I fixed them some good stuff or {NW} Interviewer: I bet. 853: {NW} Interviewer: But they were surprised that his brother had to take back, #1 what he said about # 853: #2 Right. # In the first Christmas that I married we lived right here Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: As I told you, just had those three rooms, this one here. We cooked and ate in there. And uh I had a the two single boys and a single daughter. And the mother. And her brother. ms Terrol brother Uncle Will stayed with him. And my dad and mother and three half-grown teenage kids. they were still at home. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: And uh Interviewer: You had a house involved. 853: Always. Every Christmas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. Suppose you kept the butter too long and it didn't taste good anymore, what would you say 853: It would, it, it got old. Interviewer: Yeah, what, how does it taste when it, what it gets old? 853: Just, like anything that got old, it didn't, it, well it rancid they'd say. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: Rancid. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. When you first uh milk some cows uh, sometimes there might be little specs of dirt stuff in milk, and what would you have to do to the milk to get that stuff out? 853: {NW} Well, I'll tell you, it wasn't one of ours. Interviewer: Oh. 853: {NW} Interviewer: 'Cause you have wash your hands? 853: No, and then my mother always made the boys take a little clean rag Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And some water in that bucket and pour on then wash those tits off. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And all the bag all upon there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I told you, we has a crazy bunch. Interviewer: Yeah. Sounds like that's good though. It's good. 853: But I'll tell you, we were poor but we were plain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Mom always a cleanest person. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I ever knew. Interviewer: Sounds like it, sounds like it. Did- 853: And my daddy was worse. Interviewer: Oh, or better, which ever. {NW} 853: Well, his, his mother was a fanatic I don't remember seeing grandmother ever. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But uh Oh, mercy. Mama learned everything knew from her. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Because my mother my mother's mother taught school Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: #1 I told you she went to Oxford and # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah. # 853: She taught school and she couldn't care less if the kids come in wet or what. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: But grandmother Abbott was she had five boys. Interviewer: Huh. 853: No girls. Interviewer: Oh, boy. 853: And she was proud of them, mama then she was all of her boys put together. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. If I had have a girl. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} Um. What What do you call that thing that's like a fruit pie that you have layers of fruit and then a layer of of a crust and And then 853: Dough? Interviewer: Dough. Yeah, and then a layer fruit and dough. 853: It's a pie, fruit pie. Interviewer: Okay, is there anything else you hear it called, especially for deep dish? 853: A cobbler. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh. 853: Peach cobbler. Used to have 'em everyday. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: When the peaches were in. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Mama had a pan about this long and about this wide. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And she cooked those peaches in the stewer. And li- cut these strips of dough about this long, let them hang over. And then, but mama always browned hers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Bad. Interviewer: Uh. 853: And then she'd put the peaches in then, put that brown in here and then some more peaches and then some raw dough on top and lots of homemade butter. Interviewer: {NW} 853: And put it in the oven. Interviewer: Boy, that sounds good. 853: And by that time you had the sugar in there too, of course. And then you had a thick syrup and just mushed all around in that lattice work of that brown pie dough. Interviewer: Um. That sounds 853: It was delightful. Interviewer: Um. {NW} If somebody has a real good appetite, you might say, he sure does like to put a way his 853: Food. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: And what would you call milk or cream that you mix with uh oh sugar in a little nutmeg and pour over piece of pie, what would you call that? 853: Cream. Interviewer: Okay. 853: It's usually taken off of the top of the milk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: That the cream that has risen to the top. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Whe- when do you mix it with sugar and stuff, would you call anything different? 853: No. You just say sweetened cream and Interviewer: Okay. Uh, food taken between regular meals, you call 853: Snack. Interviewer: Okay. Would that be a large amount of food or small amount? 853: Well, it just depend on, I guess how much you'd wanna eat. Interviewer: Oh, okay. Uh, a large amount of food, do you still call them snack? 853: A snack between meals, uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} Okay, okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um, if you get up in the morning and you want some coffee, but there's not any ready, you'll have to do what to q 853: Perk it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. If what do you drink when you're plain thirsty? 853: With what? Interviewer: If you're just plain thirsty, what do you drink? 853: Water. Interviewer: Okay. And you usually drink it out of a 853: Dipper, glass. Interviewer: Okay. And 853: {NW} Interviewer: You might say that glass fell off the fell off the counter and 853: Broke. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 853: {NW} Interviewer: You might You might say that's the third glass I have what this week? 853: Dropped or broken. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. If I ask you how much water did you drink, you might say, oh, I what the whole lot? 853: I drink a large quantity or Interviewer: Okay. Okay. If dinner's on the table and the family's all standing around you know fix them sit down uh, you would say, well go head and 853: Have a seat. Interviewer: Okay. And uh So, they went ahead and 853: Sat. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Um. 853: My English may not be too good {NW} Interviewer: I think it's fine. 853: {NW} Interviewer: If you decide not to eat something, you might say, oh, no thank you, I don't 853: Really care for it. Interviewer: Okay. Ah. If you don't want someone to wait till the potatoes to passed, you might say, well here, go head and 853: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Food that has been cooked and served the second time, you'd say it has been 853: Warmed over. Interviewer: Okay. And food that has been done to, you'd call 853: A what? Interviewer: Food that that has been done to, you would call What? 853: Cold. Interviewer: Well, no, you warmed it over and and you say, well, I don't have anything to give you, but but 853: It's warmed over food. Interviewer: Okay, anything else you should call it besides warmed over food? 853: S- I guess you might say second-hand food. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Uh. You put the food in you mouth and then you begin to 853: Chew? Interviewer: Okay. And {NW} What all vegetables did you all use to grow in, in your garden? 853: Vegetables? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {NW} Oh, yeah, grow potatoes and beans and peas and okra and tomatoes and uh cabbage and uh turnip greens and uh spinach and broccoli and onions and I did say to tomatoes, I think. Interviewer: Yeah, what do you call those little tomatoes that don't get any bigger than not this big? 853: Porter. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Uh-huh. Or little just little tomatoes. Interviewer: Are Porter tomatoes round or are they long? 853: Well now they're kinda oblong a little, about it. But they've got a little {X} tomato. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They're like a marble. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: I have a neighbor who brought me some. A little girl did. And they were the best things I ever ate, but they wasn't bigger than the average little marble. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And I just washed them and ate 'em whole. {X} And but the Porter tomato is the average small tomato. Interviewer: Oh okay. Uh what do you call um little young skinny onions that you put on {X}? 853: {X} Interviewer: Rather small and skinny. What do you call that kind of onion? 853: Fresh onion. Interviewer: Okay. Uh 853: And you, when you plant those, they're called shallots. Interviewer: Oh, okay. Uh Is that a word that you all used to use? 853: No it's common everyday, it's been used every everywhere. Interviewer: Okay uh. 853: It has to be a set out thing, you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Instead of planting seeds, you get this little shallot onions you know, and set a out. Interviewer: Um. 853: And plant 'em. Interviewer: Well that's 853: And then they grow and shed that off I guess. They'll get to be little, about this big and you pull 'em up green and eat 'em. Yeah. And then first thing you know they're big ones you know, if you leave them there long enough. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: What kind of potatoes did you use to have? {X} 853: We, we had the white and the red potatoes. Interviewer: What are the red ones like? 853: Well they were the first potatoes that we ever had. I can remember when the white ones came on, they had propagated {X}. You know, bread 'em up or whatever they did and white potatoes why they look plum sick. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But you know the funny part about the red ones uh they're always round. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: More or less. But you know, the white ones would be oblong to start with sometimes. Interviewer: Yeah, isn't that funny? Those red ones, they're white in the middle though aren't they? 853: Right, oh yes, yes. Just that red skin on there, you scrape it off. You don't peel 'em you- Interviewer: I think they're sweeter, I think they're better. 853: They're, I like 'em better. Interviewer: What do you the call the kind of yellowish orange meat? 853: Sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Okay. Did y'all grow those? 853: Oh yes. Interviewer: I love sweet potatoes. 853: You see now they're They're uh grown on vines. You didn't? Well, you plant 'em in a row when you set out just a vine. Just a long stringy vine. And you put them, those where you get that vine you put 'em in a hot bed. Interviewer: Oh. 853: Uh, the uh hot bed and you put 'em in and add sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then first thing you know you'll have a vine shoot up all over there. Well you dig that vine out of there, pull it out and break it off and there's no roots to it. And all you gotta do is come along on a stick and dig a hole and put in there. Dig another one. Stick it out in there. And it'll take root and start growing. And then. It'll lap in rows, you plant 'em this far apart. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 853: And first thing you know they've leapt from both rows you know. Interviewer: Where like watermelons are. 853: Right, just exactly. Interviewer: Uh. Did you ever grow those little little hot things that they're red on the outside and white on the inside and you use them in salads? 853: Peppers? No not like a pepper, but they're more like a little root. Sort of like an onion but they're uh red on the outside. {NW} What, what do you call those things? I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Besides # 853: #2 I don't # Interviewer: Using them in salads you know? 853: Mm. I don't know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Alright, you said beans, what all kinds of beans did y'all, did y'all raise? 853: Oh gracious uh Used to not be very many kinds of beans, but they got all kinds now. You know, you get the string-less green pod. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Used to, every bean, you had to string 'em on each side of the bean. Interviewer: Oh. 853: Break this end and then break that end and then Uh And if you cooked them, {X} string in it. Why, you've got strings and floating It'd cook off of that. But uh the string-less green pod, and then you get the uh Kentucky Wonder. They grow up on fences My dad let me used to plant 'em round the knot fence you know. And let 'em grow up on there. Or round the the back end of the all around the garden fence. You had to fence it off because my my family never would let the garden be close enough to the house to be unsightly. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. 853: And we had a fence around it to keep the cattle out you know, the stock. And plant the beans up on there, Kentucky Wonder beans and every one of those round there. And they were that long. Interviewer: Six to eight inches? 853: Oh yes Interviewer: Six inches? 853: and then some. There's a yard bean now, did you ever see it? they're this long. Interviewer: {NS} No I haven't seen the 853: You never? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: No. Uh they're Interviewer: That's quite a bean. 853: That's where they get their name, now of course you know what a yard is thirty-six inches. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But they call 'em yard beans because they are long and big. Interviewer: Oh. Almost as big as a yard. 853: Uh-huh and uh Huh? Interviewer: And a foot long or something 853: Right, at least. And then when they get they get real big around, they're kind of flattish. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah 853: Get real big around. And if you get 'em after they get too hard to snap. to eat and shell 'em green shell beans, they are delightful. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 853: Real, real good. Interviewer: Uh What do you there was a big plant kind of bean that you don't eat the pod and 853: Butter beans. Interviewer: Did y'all grow those? 853: Oh yes. They have another one now, the little uh little teensy Baby Limas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And they're purple when you get 'em open and shell 'em. You have to shell 'em, you don't snap 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: You shell 'em. Interviewer: What's the difference between shelling 'em and snapping 'em? Oh okay 853: You get the, you get the bean out while it's green. Interviewer: When you shell it. 853: Mm-hmm but it's mature. But not dry. Interviewer: What's the difference between a Lima bean and a butter bean? 853: Well the butter beans are great big ones. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the other ones, the Lima bean is a small bean. Little bitty bean. and an old Baby Li- oh Lima bean or butter bean is a great big ol' bean It's flat. Interviewer: Is the color different? 853: Yeah some of 'em are purple. Interviewer: Like the Lima beans? 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh What did you, what did y'all use for greens? 853: Drink? Interviewer: For greens. 853: Oh well, we planted turnips in the fall. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And you put them in a a you put 'em down and you put corn stalks up you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And then pack dirt around there. And they keep all winter. Interviewer: Huh. 853: The turnips and Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Not the greens you use the greens while they are fresh. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But the winter come on, you'd b- pull out or dig they call 'em the turnips, sometimes they would be If the ground dry, you'd have to grab it hard, kind of dig it out you know and get 'em out of there. And you put them in a mound mound 'em up and fix 'em. Interviewer: Okay, did you ever use anything for greens besides turnips? 853: Spinach. Interviewer: Um If you wanted to uh buy some uh cabbage, you say Please go to the store and get me three what? 853: Heads. Interviewer: Okay. 853: And you know that uh other things that we used for greens was collards. Interviewer: Oh 853: And they were a winter green. Interviewer: Huh. 853: They wasn't too good to eat or Well we ate 'em but then they were much better and they grew way up tall and big. Big leaf stuff you know. And you'd the spine up through there you just take 'em and strip it off. Up to about that far up in the end up here and then it was tender. Little bitty vein up through there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But this other would be nearly as big as your finger you know. From the time it grew on the stalk down here on the thing. And you'd pull it off and you'd just strip it down, you had to stray and pull it. Greens and it was collards. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And you had a a little taste, kinda like cabbage. Interviewer: Oh. 853: Green cabbage. Interviewer: Did you cook that or did you eat it raw? 853: You cooked it. Yeah, you'd cook it. Interviewer: Let's see. 853: Put a big ol' slab of home cured meat in it. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh What do you call that kind of food that uh Oh you take big kernels of corn and you you uh you leach the outside cover off you know it's big ol' kernels of corn and you eat it that was and you eat it that way and it's corn only it's soft and you have that shiny cover up. Wait I think they soaked them in salt water something like that 853: C- corn? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Big big kernels of corn. 853: I dunno. Interviewer: Okay, uh What do you call the uh the food that the Chinese and the Japanese eat all the time? 853: Rice? Interviewer: Okay. Uh What do you call the kind of alcoholic beverage that people used to make out out in the backyard during 853: Depression. {NW} Interviewer: Not Depression, I mean uh During Prohibition. 853: Yeah, corn liquor. Interviewer: Okay. 853: A bootleg. Interviewer: Okay, ever hear it called anything else? 853: Huh? Interviewer: Anything else? Did you ever know anybody who made the stuff? 853: Oh yes. Interviewer: Was it, was it very strong stuff? 853: I never did taste it. But I could hear And I, we John and I we'd sit that porch And the Bledsoes lived cross over there. Good fine people and one of the girls got sick and I didn't know it. I knew she was sick but the doctor told them that they oughta make her some home brew. Her daddy. Well he had in the mountains of Tennessee {X} Which was, illegal. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: When he was young. And he made her some home brew And I didn't uh I didn't know it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: We sitting out there on the porch one night and John and I talked and I grabbed his hand right quick, I said {NW} And one of the boys rolled the car And mr Bledsoe wouldn't let him, would let the boys drive the car Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Cause they'd stay out half the night. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: They'd just bought a new car. And the youngest one said well I'll tell you what I'm gonna do If you don't let me drive that car I'm gonna turn you in for making booze. {NW} Bootleg whiskey. {NW} Interviewer: Did he get to drive the car? 853: No. {NW} He told him, he said you do it and I'll strap all over this yard. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Really. {NW} Did you ever have any stuff that was that was thicker than syrup and darker than cheese on pancakes? 853: Sorghum. Sorghum syrup. Interviewer: Was that good? 853: Uh-huh. Did you ever eat it? Interviewer: No. 853: Well I tell you you oughta get some. Did you, do you ever cook syrup pie? Interviewer: No? 853: You don't make a syrup pie? Do you know how? Interviewer: No. {NW} 853: Well you know you can buy ready pie shells. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Alright. Uh you can take uh you can take Uh the Syrup, sorghum syrup makes the best syrup pie. Now I make it out of, most people do now make it out of red Karo you know. But I mix half and half, I make half a cup of white Karo and a half a cup of red Karo and I like it better But if you get that old sorghum syrup and you combine and take four eggs and beat 'em real good, and put a cup of a three fourths cup of sugar and a cup of sorghum syrup and pour it in a unbaked shell and cook it 'til it's you can take a knife and stick in there and it'll come out clean it's solid. And it'll just cut out in a Real good you know. Interviewer: Sounds real good, I've never heard of such thing. 853: Uh, you might want to put uh nutmeg Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: Or I like vanilla better, a lot of vanilla flavoring and then cut a, while it's raw, before you cook it, cut a whole layer of butter round or margarine, round over it, cook in about a three fifty oven 'til it's good and brown the crust and it's you know, set Interviewer: That sounds good. 853: It's delightful. Interviewer: Mm. 853: And then you take that I'm telling you how to get fat. Interviewer: Yeah 853: Then you take that and either I don't like it as well, this, but you can always have it with ice cream. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: Vanilla ice cream Or whipped cream Interviewer: Mm. 853: Or you can get that cool whip It's a good substitute Interviewer: Oh I love whipped cream 853: I do too. Interviewer: Real weakness for it 853: But you put that on top of that pecan pie. I mean, that syrup pie. I used to make thirty and forty a day. when our women's society I would sell fifteen, sixteen years old they had {X} in here and we had a uh met another girl ran this booth for the women's society in our church. Interviewer: Oh. 853: And I'd make thirty pies after I close up for that night and go home and make thirty, twenty-five pies Interviewer: Uh Is that syrup, I mean that, ye4ah that syrup in the syrup pie, is that what's put underneath in a pecan pie? 853: Yeah, exactly. It's made the same way Except you put pecans in it. Interviewer: Yeah 853: That's all. Interviewer: Uh When sugar wasn't prepackaged, but they just weighed it out the barrel when you wanted some you know, you'd say they sold it in 853: Pounds. Interviewer: Okay, and uh what about, what if it was crackers? You'd say it was sold it in 853: Bulk Interviewer: Uh You might say, this isn't imitation maple syrup this is 853: Pure maple. Interviewer: Okay, what's another word for pure, I mean the real thing, this is real maple syrup or this is what another word for real? 853: Real. Interviewer: Any other words for it? 853: No. Or pure maple or real maple. Maple syrup Interviewer: Uh What do you call that sweet kind of spread that you spread on toast? 853: Honey. Interviewer: Uh Well that you make by boiling peach, peaches or 853: Jelly. Interviewer: Okay. And uh on the table to season food with, you probably have some 853: Have what? Interviewer: On the table, to season food with, you probably have 853: Salt, pepper. Interviewer: Okay, uh If there was a bowl of fruit on the table, and there were some peaches and apples in it, and somebody offers you a peach, you might say oh no thank you, give me 853: An apple. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} What do you call the inside part of a cherry, the part that you don't eat? 853: Pit. Interviewer: Okay. And the inside part of the peach. What do you call that? 853: Seed. Interviewer: Okay. And there are two kinds of peaches really, there's the kind that when you cut 'em they stick to the seed and then there's the kind that when you cut 'em they just kind of fall over. 853: What, the kernel is in inside of it oh freestone. Interviewer: Oh uh-huh. Those are the ones that fall away? 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What do you call the others that stick? 853: They're free- The others, there's a cling peach and a freestone peach. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh What do you call the part of the apple that you don't eat? 853: Core. Interviewer: Okay. And if you cut up apples, or peaches, into little pieces and let it dry out what do you call those little pieces of dried fruit? 853: Dried peaches. Interviewer: Okay uh 853: We used to make ours. Interviewer: You did? 853: #1 Put 'em up # Interviewer: #2 Made your # 853: up on the ceiling. The roof. Interviewer: Huh And just let 'em 853: Wonder why the birds didn't get 'em. Interviewer: I wonder. 853: I, I don't know. I, I'm telling you the truth though. Interviewer: You just put 'em with nothing on top of them? 853: Not a thing, cause they had the sun to dry 'em out you know. #1 Dry out that # Interviewer: #2 That sounds great! # 853: Dry out that moisture. Interviewer: You'd think you would have had a flock of birds on your house. 853: I, I told you nothing, my parents was awful particular. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And if they'd ever got up there and found any bird droppings on that house, Interviewer: Gosh. 853: Then too bad. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But I don't know why they didn't eat 'em up. I just don't really know. And what I don't understand is why the cats and and the birds and the possums and polecats and things didn't come in the house. You didn't close the doors at night. Interviewer: Oh really? 853: Of course not, not the summer. You just slept with the doors wide open, there was no screen. You slept with the windows cleared to the top with a stick under 'em. They had no weights in 'em to hold 'em up. Interviewer: Huh. 853: You had to have a stick. And we saved all of our worn out brooms cut them off to get the broom stick to prop 'em up. Interviewer: Huh. I wonder why you didn't have things just roosting in the house. 853: I don't know. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And you think the wasps would get in. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Used to have a lot more wasps than you do today. Interviewer: Hmm. 853: I've seen, I've seen wasp nests that big. Interviewer: Foot across. 853: I'll tell ya I made a a show piece one time out of a big wasp nest and I took uh matches and it had a way it was growing onto the house had a knot on the bottom of it. And it made it tilt. And I put in every one of these places where there you know how they'll be, where a wasp would nest and it would come out, you know, be born, hatch. Put those matches down in there in that big thing and that was about our stove. And it was a pretty thing. 853: door. Now I sold this land like from Interviewer: Yeah 853: From from up here out a ways, three hours is up Interviewer: But this is probably the next to oldest 853: Yeah Interviewer: house in the county 853: Between here and town Interviewer: That's a long way 853: All the houses that were down there when we moved down here had been torn down Interviewer: Huh. And this is the oldest one left just about 853: Just about it. Ah {X} Interviewer: Let's see here. Um. Oh what do you call those kind of nuts that you pluck out of the ground and roast? 853: Peanuts Interviewer: Okay and 853: Jimmy Carter's {NW} Interviewer: Yeah right,um, what are the kind of nuts do they grow around here? 853: I guess it, well, uh English walnuts. Now they'll grow some. Interviewer: mm-hmm 853: They won't ever have a big crop. But um. There used to be some up on, on up past here a little ways, a tree of English Walnuts. Interviewer: Uh huh. 853: And then they have what they call a wi- a wild walnuts And they're hard as rock, but they're the best things to eat you ever saw Interviewer: Huh. 853: have to take a hammer to break 'em. Interviewer: Oh I've seen those things, yes, they are good. might may never get into them But they're good. What other kind of nuts? 853: I guess that might be all. Peanuts and walnuts and Oh I don't know that's all Interviewer: What's the, what's the state tree? 853: The what? Interviewer: The state tree. 853: Tree? Interviewer: Uh huh. 853: Uh hackberry. Interviewer: Okay, um, let's see. Oh walnut, um, when it falls to the ground you know, you've got um The outer cover that's kind of green and soft and then the inside's a hard, hard thing 853: #1 Right # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Well uh, what do you call the outside green thing? 853: Shell, a hull. Interviewer: Okay 853: The hull comes off and leaves the walnut. But it's still you have to hull it You know? To get to the kernel. Interviewer: Is there a difference between the shell and the hull? 853: Yeah. The inside is the shell and the outside would be the hull. Interviewer: Oh oh oh I see. When you get a Hershey bar out of the candy machine or something You can get it plain or you can get one that has 853: Peanuts in it Interviewer: Okay or there's, it could come with other kinds of nuts in it; what other kinds of nuts could? 853: Uh. Those big old nuts Well uh. Butternuts. Interviewer: mm-hmm okay. Okay. Any other kinds of nuts that you can think of? 853: No. Interviewer: What kind of nuts do they use in pralines? 853: In what? Interviewer: What kind of nuts do they use in pralines? 853: Well you can use English walnuts or pecans Usually pecans. Interviewer: Yeah 853: Because they're more {NW} Well, they're easier handled and they're easier to get. You can get them, you know you can get pecans nearly year round. Interviewer: Yeah 853: That have them left over Interviewer: What do you call that kind of fruit, about this big 853: Grapefruit Interviewer: Ah a little smaller 853: Orange Interviewer: Okay. And say you have a bowl of those sitting in there and everyday one or two disappear and you know finally some morning you walk in and you say well my goodness the oranges are 853: All gone Interviewer: Okay {NW} Let's see what else {NW} Did you ever hear anybody speak of heads of children? I've got five heads of children? 853: Five what? Interviewer: Heads 853: Five heads of children? Interviewer: Uh-huh anybody say that? No? If you've got seven boys and seven girls you'd say you have a whole what of kids? 853: A whole herd of kids Interviewer: Okay {NW} And what do you call that green, those green things on the outside of an ear of corn? {X} 853: From the outside of what? Interviewer: An ear of corn 853: Oh shuck Interviewer: Okay and when you take those off you say you're gonna do what to the corn? 853: I'm gonna shuck it. Interviewer: Okay and uh, what do you call that thing that comes out the top of the 853: Tassel. {C: pronounced tussle} Interviewer: Okay and 853: Or tassel Interviewer: Which do you say? 853: It's either one Interviewer: Okay 853: So the dictionary says Interviewer: Okay 853: Either one, or either one is correct Interviewer: yeah And what do you call that stuff, that stringy stuff, in the corn ear? 853: {X} Silk Interviewer: Okay, um, the kind of corn that's just tender enough to eat right off the cob is 853: It's, it's ready to eat, it's Interviewer: Okay what do you call that type of corn? 853: Tender Interviewer: Okay, um, what other, what other kinds of corn is there? 853: Well there's sweet corn and then there's just field corn Interviewer: Yeah? What's the difference? 853: Field corn? Interviewer: Between the two. What's the difference between the two? 853: Well, uh, sweet corn is a little teensy grain Interviewer: Uh huh. 853: And that's all it's good for. Is to eat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Human being consumption. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the other is to be dried and fed to horses and mules and even cows you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: And but you, while it's good and tender, well you can cut it off of the cob or cook it on the cob and eat it And that's the regular old field corn. And I like it better. Interviewer: Do you really? 853: Oh yes. Interviewer: How come? 853: Well it's uh, it has a better flavor Interviewer: Uh huh. 853: And the other, is just sweet. Interviewer: Yeah yeah. What do you call that thing that you make a Jack-o-Lantern out of? 853: Pumpkin Interviewer: Okay, and what do you call that small, yellow crook neck kind of thing? 853: Squash Interviewer: Okay. Um. Excuse me, is there any name for it when you let it dry? 853: No, it'll just, it'll finally rot, it won't {NW} Now a pumpkin will get last forever, nearly you know? Interviewer: Yeah 853: long time Interviewer: Yeah 853: If you let it mature on the vine Interviewer: Oh 853: To begin with Interviewer: Uh huh. 853: But squash, uh, after a few days, it'll, it'll die. It'll begin to mater- deteriorate. Interviewer: Oh okay 853: Rot Interviewer: Um, what all kinds of melons did y'all use to raise? 853: Well you have cantaloupes and muskmelon and I don't know the difference except one's a lot bigger than the other The muskmelon is a big one Interviewer: Oh mm-hmm. 853: And the cantaloupe, you know, they get pretty good size but they don't, the other are oblong you know? Kind of like shaped more like a watermelon. Interviewer: I see 853: Only they're smaller, you know. And then they have regular, little old cantaloupes Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: And they're usually round Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: And, you know Interviewer: I love cantaloupes 853: I do too. I don't know of anything I like better, uh, than to scramble an egg and make a good piece of buttered toast and a slice of cantaloupe for my breakfast. Bacon to go with it. I really love it Interviewer: Are there different kinds of watermelon? 853: Oh yes. I don't know exactly what kind, but there's, uh, a lot of them. Interviewer: Um, what do you call those little things that little things, little white things shaped like an umbrella and they come up in the grass 853: Toadstool. Interviewer: Can you eat those? 853: Well certain kinds. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah 853: I'd like to show you one that petrified in my yard Interviewer: It petrified in your yard? 853: Hmm? Interviewer: It petrified in your yard? 853: Petrified I didn't do a thing to it. Interviewer: That's amazing. 853: Isn't it? Interviewer: That is amazing.It did petrify. 853: It turned that color, you see? That's where it was growing into the ground. Looks like an ear, doesn't it? Interviewer: It does Very brown ear. Well that's a strange thing I ever saw 853: Uh huh. And and the Mexican woman that found it, uh, she was cleaning out around the bush out there She brought it to me and I kept it and she came back in a little bit and I had sawed off a limb About that big around, about that long, had a little limb sticking out here And right in between this limb was one twice that big growing. Interviewer: {X} 853: Just like it Interviewer: This is strange. 853: sure would like to of had it, but she said ah ms {B} I'm going to keep it. Interviewer: Uh huh. uh huh. Strange. Oh. What do you call those things that are like that but that you buy at the grocery store to eat? 853: They're mushrooms. Interviewer: Okay, um, you might say that man has a sore throat And the inside of his throat's all swollen and he can chew that piece of meat but he couldn't 853: Swallow it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What all kinds of things did people smoke? 853: Oh I guess mostly Marijuana. {NW} #1 Tobacco # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah I guess so 853: {NW} Tobacco and Interviewer: Well that you put okay um, what are those things that really smell bad? They have in restaurants? 853: Cigars. Interviewer: Okay and you can have a cigar or little white ones, short white things that are what? That people smoke 853: In pipe. Interviewer: Okay, and cigars; in pipes and 853: Cigarettes Interviewer: {NW} 853: ha! Do do you do you smoke? Interviewer: No I don't. I can't stand it. 853: I'm I'm glad. I can't either Interviewer: Me either. If my, if my husband smoked I'd throw him out of the house 853: He doesn't smoke either? Interviewer: No he doesn't 853: Oh mine never did either. But uh I could smoke Interviewer: You could... Did you try it? 853: Never, yes, never made me sick. The only way I've tried it, I didn't try it just to be doing Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: But my dad was sick a long time and I was the only one in the family And you'd wonder why and that shows you that it came natural I was the only one that could roll a cigarette. They didn't have ready-made then I could roll him a tight cigarette and light it for him and he'd smoke it. Interviewer: Huh. Bet he liked that. 853: Yeah Interviewer: My granddaddy used to sneak off cutting farms and smoke blackberry, grandma never did know he was doing it Or at least she, she acted like she didn't know, you know. 853: But I won't tell you, they're scared to death I's gonna get to where I'd It's I'd smoke Interviewer: Yeah 853: {NW} I wasn't but ten or eleven years old, twelve and thirteen {X} Interviewer: Funny. Well it's a wonder you didn't get hooked on 'em 853: It's a wonder I did get to where I could, would smoke. I, it never did make me sick. Interviewer: Oh, well that that's something. It's just a good thing you never need to do it again. {X} And if somebody offers to do you a favor, you might say, "Well I appreciate it, but I don't wanna be," 853: Obligated {NW} Interviewer: Really. Uh. 853: But you know that's not good. Interviewer: Yeah, I, I know you should let people do things for you 853: I've always been too independent. I'd say "No, now you do sit down, I'll do it" Interviewer: Uh You might say, there was a terrible accident up the road, but there was no need to call a doctor because the victim was already 853: Dead Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} Speaking of the fact that the corn seems kind of short, you might say At this time of year it isn't, well you might say, it isn't as tall as it 853: Should be. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. 853: It's kind of stunned it Interviewer: Okay. I might say to you, I dare you to go through that graveyard at night but I'll bet you What? I dare you to go see that graveyard at night but I bet you'll 853: Run. {NW} Interviewer: You might say to a child, "you aren't doing what you" 853: Should do Interviewer: If a boy got a whipping you might say, "Oh I'll be he did something he" 853: Knows better Interviewer: Okay, and uh... What do you call the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 853: What can Interviewer: That can see in the dark. When they 853: Owl Interviewer: Okay. What kind are there different kinds of owls? 853: Hoot owl {NW} Yeah I think there is. There's, uh, different type of owls, but I don't know exactly what the names are Interviewer: Okay 853: I I read about them and I've seen them in pictures. But I really don't know. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? What do you call the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 853: I don't know Interviewer: What do you call that kind of black and white animal that has a real powerful smell? 853: Polecat {NW} Interviewer: Uh. What do you call those little bushy tailed animals that run up and down in the trees? 853: Squirrel Interviewer: And are there different kinds of squirrels? 853: Yeah there's, uh, in different localities, uh, out in Arizona, they have the little bitty ones Interviewer: What do they look like? 853: And they look just like the others, only tiny They're real pretty and they're not afraid of nobody. Interviewer: Really 853: They come up and eat out of your hand, and then they have a bigger squirrel I don't know what, I don't know what you'd say on it, it's, they're different species Interviewer: Yeah 853: I guess. Interviewer: Have you ever seen a kinda, well he looks sort of like a squirrel but I think he's smaller and he has black and white stripes down his back, like three little black and white stripes. 853: Yeah Interviewer: What do you call those? 853: I think they're the ground squirrel. Interviewer: Uh huh, okay. Uh. What all kinds of fish can you catch around here? Course I know you can't have tasted any, but 853: {NW} There's cat and there's, uh, uh, Perch and there's, uh, Bass And well I don't know, there's several kinds Interviewer: Um. What kind of seafood can you get around here? 853: That's, you mean at restaurants? Interviewer: Yeah 853: Uh-huh. I I you can get oysters and fish and, uh, most any kind that you can get anywhere else Interviewer: What do you call those things that you, that are kind of pinkish-white and they're curled in the little circle like that and you have them on, um, lettuce 853: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # nice, a little cocktail sauce. 853: Yeah I know what you're talking about, but I don't Interviewer: #1 You'll think of it, uh # 853: #2 can't say it # Shrimp Interviewer: Okay. If you wanted to buy some of that you might go to the store and say, "I'd like three pounds of" 853: Shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you call those things that sit around the pond at night and make a bunch of noise? 853: Frogs. {NW} Interviewer: Are there different kinds of frogs? 853: Yeah there's a bullfrog, and then there's a toad frog and horned toad Interviewer: What's the difference in all those things? 853: Well a bullfrog's a great big one and you eat him. Interviewer: Oh you do? 853: Didn't you never eat a bullfrog leg? I never either. But you, oh, they're just like chicken. Interviewer: I have heard that {X} 853: Bullfrog you eat. And a toad, he just hops around and catches flies. Interviewer: Uh huh. 853: And a horned toad is, uh, he's got horns up here and he's a little bitty old shrimp with a tail about that long Interviewer: About an inch long? 853: Did you ever see one? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah we had, we had those up in my hometown {X} 853: Right in Wichita Falls Interviewer: Yeah 853: And I'll tell you what you can do. And it will amaze you to death and it's cruel, I would never try it. But I have done it. Uh. Interviewer: Pull their tails off. 853: Huh? Interviewer: Pull their tails off? 853: No Interviewer: What? 853: Light a cigarette and put it in their mouth and they'll smoke themselves to death. Interviewer: {NW} That's terrible! {NW} 853: Just puff it, and they'll get up on their hind feet you know? And they'll just wiggle And they'll dance a jig. Interviewer: That is the funniest thing I have ever heard. That's terrible, but I sure would like to see it 853: And one got under our house one time and my daddy made me flatten on my stomach and go under and get him He'd set the house on fire he said. I got, he got away from me. {NW} Interviewer: He must've got, he must've got away though, because he didn't set your house on fire did he? You ever, you ever turn them over and stroke their tummy and watch them go to sleep? 853: Yeah {NW} I've done everything that, cause I didn't have any girls to play with and I played with my brothers Especially one that was just thirteen months older than me. Interviewer: Oh wow, yeah. 853: And we and we looked like twins. Everybody thought we were. Interviewer: Huh. {NW} What do you, what do you put on your hook when you go fishing? 853: Uh, worms Interviewer: What kind of worms? 853: Oh, uh, worms that grows in the ground, lives in the ground Interviewer: Yeah 853: Earthworms. And uh, you know, you can buy minnows, little minnows, and put on there For fish bait. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call that hard shell thing that pulls 853: Turtle {NW} I've got one that stayed in my, out in my car port Interviewer: Is that right? 853: And I'll go out there, and you know, he won't really take his own head in And he'll turn to one side and look at me And I say, you know one of these days you're gonna get in my way and I'm gonna run over you when I come in here And then you'll be a goner Interviewer: That's right. 853: Won't be my fault. And he'll look at me and first thing, you know, he'll turn his head {X} {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 853: #2 I'll bet he knows what I'm talking about. # Interviewer: He might, he might. What do you call that thing that's like a turtle, but they just live on dry land, they don't ever go in the water 853: Terrapin Interviewer: Uh. What do you call those little things that you can find in the creek? Or in a, well wherever there's water and they they've got little pinchers on the end like, like a lobster, look like a 853: {X} Interviewer: little lobster 853: Uh. Not a terrapin, but the uh. I know what Interviewer: Kind of an ugly white color. We used to get a piece of bacon, you know and and put it on the street 853: Sure and catch them. Interviewer: And catch those. They pinch though 853: Crawdads. Interviewer: That's what we always called them too. 853: Isn't that funny? You forget Interviewer: Well if you just haven't seen a crawdad in the last couple of days it's not something you spend a lot of time thinking about 853: No telling when I've heard that word either. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call that thing that flies around a candle at night? And uh It'll eat uh holes in your wool clothes if you're not careful 853: A moth Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you had if if you had one that's a moth and if you have two you say "oh look at those two" 853: Moths. {NW} Plural Interviewer: Yeah. Those things that fly around at night and flash their lights off and on, what do you call those? 853: Lightning bugs Interviewer: And, what do you call those long, thin-bodied things, and they have two sets of wings and they hover over water 853: Uh. Interviewer: Thinking they're about that long, but their wings 853: You're not talking about the grasshoppers of course, no. Interviewer: No these aren't grasshoppers 853: I know what they are Interviewer: Big wings {X} 853: it looked like a katydid or something Interviewer: Well not fat like a katydid they're um skinny, long skinny. Eat, eat other insects I think And they, they uh 853: I don't know what you're talking about Interviewer: Some are blue, I've seen blue ones, the blue ones are the prettiest ones Well if you think it you stop me 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh What all kinds of flying, stinging insects are there besides wasps? 853: Well there's yellow jackets Interviewer: Yep 853: Wasps, and then there's, uh, uh, dirt daubers And they don't sting, but they'll bite They don't hurt. I mean you think you're stung Interviewer: Yeah 853: But they'll, they'll bite. Interviewer: Huh. I wonder if that's what I sat on one time. 853: {NW} Interviewer: I said to my friend, "Will that bite?" and she said no, so I sat on it. And it bit. 853: Oh Mercy Interviewer: It was bad news Um, what do you call those things that fly around at night and they bite and {X} 853: Red bugs. Interviewer: Okay, now do these fly around or do they live in the grass or what? 853: No no no, they don't fly around. Interviewer: Yeah 853: They're just little insects. Interviewer: What do you, what do you call those things that make a bite like red bug bites? 853: Mosquitos Interviewer: Okay, uh What do you call those things that they'll gather up in the corners of the, of the houses 853: Cobwebs Interviewer: Okay, what do you call them if they're outside? Do you call them anything different? 853: They're still cobwebs Interviewer: Uh, if you have to pull up a tree stump, you have to dig around it and and cut the The whats? 853: roots Interviewer: Okay, uh. When you're talking about Maple trees, you know, that that they get the the syrup from? What would you call a big bunch of those trees? 853: Moat. Interviewer: Okay, uh 853: Is that what it says? Interviewer: {X} 853: Yeah, any clump of trees would be called a moat Interviewer: Okay. What kind of trees are there around here? What, what are some common trees that grow around here? 853: Say what? Interviewer: What are some common trees that grow around here? 853: Hackberry. Interviewer: Uh huh. Anything else? 853: Well and uh and uh, uh the elm {NS} Interviewer: What else? 853: Pecan Interviewer: Yeah 853: Nearly anywhere one will grow there the Interviewer: Yeah 853: Either one of the three. Interviewer: What do you call that kind of tree that has kind of scaly bark and it's always coming off And they have these little balls 853: Yeah uh Interviewer: {X} Make a big mess in your yard. 853: Uh Got, has broad leaves. Interviewer: Yeah kinda like that 853: I've got one Interviewer: Cottonwood leaves 853: Yeah cottonwood, you know. But it's a Sycamore. Interviewer: Yeah 853: I had one up, beautiful, right out there by the drive, and it died this year never did come out Great big. That big around Interviewer: Well maybe it just got too old, I don't know how long they live. 853: I don't, I don't know. I don't know what made it die. Interviewer: You know uh, we have one in our front yard and a bunch of bugs attacked it And it it all turned yellow, well reddish-brown and just ruined looked awful We finally sprayed it and it has a few green leaves left. 853: But now next year it'll be dead. Interviewer: Really? Think it will? 853: That's the way mine was last year And this year it didn't come out at all. Interviewer: I didn't know if it would come out or not. 853: I doubt it. Interviewer: Well, there's too many, when they planted these trees they didn't think, they didn't ever think about them growing up 853: Uh huh Interviewer: And there's too many trees in the front yard anyways so 853: Yeah Interviewer: But still I hate the thought of having had it cut down 853: Is it where you live or your home place? Interviewer: It it's where I live now. 853: Uh huh mm-hmm. How long have you been there? Interviewer: Eight years 853: My goodness Interviewer: {NW} 853: All your life nearly. Interviewer: Yeah. As long as I can remember. {NW} Eight years July the fifth Last July 853: Mm-hmm that's good. Interviewer: Uh, what was that kind of tree that George Washington cut down? 853: Cherry tree Interviewer: Okay and uh 853: I can't tell a lie Interviewer: That's right What do you call those kind of bushes that uh they grow out along a fenced road you know and they uh, they have these brown berries on them, grow in a big thing like this and um People I think use to take those berries and make tea, steep them and make tea out of them What kind of bushes? The the the leaves turn bright red in the fall. Real pretty, bright red 853: {NW} I don't know Interviewer: Um, what kind of vines and bushes will make your your your legs break out if you 853: Bull nettles and stinging nettles Interviewer: Okay, and what's the difference between bull nettles and stinging nettles? 853: Well, there's a stinging nettle and it, it doesn't have any uh Balls on it, you know? Interviewer: Yeah 853: But the bull nettle has a, you can get the seeds off there and eat them, they're good. Good eating Interviewer: How can you get to them? 853: Good as any kind of, well you take them off, you get a we used to get two sticks and pull them off and put them in the ground and take your foot or a A stick and rub them until all of those stickers was off of them Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 853: And then you open them up, you know and there, that's seeds inside. Interviewer: Oh 853: They're really good. Interviewer: Well then I'll have to try it, I've seen those all my life, I didn't know you could eat any part of it. 853: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 853: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I just stay away from them # 853: They're real good. They're as good as peanuts or anything else. Interviewer: Huh. What do you call, uh, it's a kind of vine that'll make your legs break out if you brush up against it It's the kind that grows up a tree 853: Yeah, a poison ivy Interviewer: Okay, y'all have any of that out here? 853: We did have, and we cut it all down and kept cutting it down till we got rid of it Interviewer: Yeah. What is it that smells good out here in in on your driveway? I smelled it this morning and I smelled it again this afternoon, it's some bush or tree out there It smells kind of spicy 853: I don't know. Oh it is a spice tree Interviewer: Oh. 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Which one is it? 853: It's, uh, right here beside the house and that, I got them all around, everywhere. Interviewer: Oh. Well that's what smells so good 853: And, uh, see that big tree right there at the window? Interviewer: Yeah 853: Uh, and, you know when, used to I don't anymore But then I sold cakes when we had the farm market Well I'd get those leaves and I'd wash them And, uh, I'd put them in the, after I'd greased my loaf pan I'd put them in around in the bottom of that pan and pour my batter in there and they'd taste like spices. Spices. It's called spice bushes. But it's a Vitek is, uh, you know botanical name Interviewer: Vitek 853: Vitek. Interviewer: I'm gonna write that down because I'm gonna see if I can find me one to put in my backyard. I really like the way that smells V-I-T-E-C? 853: V-I-T-E-C, uh-huh. Or V-I-T-E-K, vitek Interviewer: Okay 853: Uh, Out of everybody in the community, I I went down to way down to Robinson, about ten or twelve miles out from town. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And dug up Some little sprouts and I planted two Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: And I've got them in every direction and I have a white one out there Now these have, they bloom all summer. Interviewer: Oh 853: Just beautiful purple blooms Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Long blooms. Interviewer: I'll have to take a good look at that when I go out there because it 853: And then I have one out there I'm not sure that it didn't die. I've got it up out there Interviewer: Yeah 853: Uh, it's white. But you can get a white and a purple and a red Interviewer: Is it 853: They're just beautiful and they grow fast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It's not anything like a Wisteria is it? 853: It's what? Interviewer: It's not anything like a Wisteria is it? 853: No no no no no. Interviewer: Well I'll have to look at that 853: It just it just makes a great big tree Interviewer: Uh-huh. They smell good. Uh. {NS} 853: But I've given limbs and they just stick the limb down and it grew Interviewer: Is that right? 853: Anything that, any shrub that blooms or tree that blooms will root. It'll take root. Interviewer: Oh I see, I didn't know that #1 You just cut off # 853: #2 I learned that at A&M # They're from the highway, uh, landscape artist. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah 853: He told us, well and he lectured, you know those of us that were interested in landscaping Interviewer: mm-hmm 853: And he told us anything in the world that bloomed, it mattered not how big it was A limb would root. Interviewer: Well I'm glad to hear that. I sure do hope. 853: That's what he said Interviewer: Uh. {NW} What do you call those kind of berries, some of them are red and but they look like a diddleberry Kind of lumpy, you know, but some of them are red and some of them are black 853: Strawberry? Interviewer: Um, well it, You know how a blueberry, I mean a 853: {D: No, but} Interviewer: A blueberry looks kind of lumpy 853: Right Interviewer: You know? 853: But a strawberry is, is red. Interviewer: Yeah, well there's a lumpier kind though. That's it looks more like blueberry but it's red. {NW} 853: Well there's a blackberry and a dewberry Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. 853: And then I don't know, that's about all that I. Interviewer: Okay. What, um, have you ever heard of a of a bush that, a tall bush that has clusters of pink and white flowers that bloom in the spring? I don't know anymore about it than that uh. I think it has longer stem segments when it grows up in the mountains but 853: I guess it's, uh, Interviewer: That's about all I know 853: Yeah I know. Over in East Texas they have them. All along the highways Interviewer: Um, what do you call a large, flowering tree that has those big white blossoms; they They smell real good and the thing sheds leaves all year. 853: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # mess in your yard 853: {NW} Interviewer: Brownish leaves you know? But it's real pretty. 853: Well I {X} said I had one and it died, small and then, and my sister's got to have two in her yard, uh Hmm Isn't that something? Interviewer: Well I'll tell you what {X} 853: Huh? Interviewer: Law schools, a good thing to be in these days 853: Right Interviewer: I I heard on the news this morning that uh Hear they're gonna allow lawyers to advertise now. 853: Yeah Interviewer: And, uh, 853: #1 Doctors # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah, doctors. I heard on the news that law fees had gone down a whole lot already 853: #1 Since that. Uh-huh. I did too. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And I think that's great, Lord, it's high time. 853: Right. {NW} Interviewer: Now, let's see here 853: I'm not gonna say a word except what I'm supposed to {NW} Interviewer: Don't you dare. 853: So that you can get through Interviewer: Uh, we might be able to get through this time. You knew your grandparents didn't you? Didn't you know them? 853: I knew my Grandfather on my father's side and I knew my Grandmother on my mother's side Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did you call them? 853: Grandpa and Grandma. Interviewer: What do your grand, your grandchildren call you? 853: Mammy. {NW} uh, my granddaughter, I just have one. We never knew why, we said grandmother to her. But she called me mammy. And then her son, my great grandson calls me mammy. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And when she started school, first day, why she says "now, I don't want you to call yourself mammy to me in front of the kids at school. They'd make fun of me and I'll call you ma'am Interviewer: {NW} 853: And she does today, she calls me every week, "ma'am, what are you doing?" Interviewer: {NW} 853: {X} Interviewer: She thought that was a bit more dignified than 853: Yes {NS} Interviewer: Um, what do you call that thing on wheels that you can put a baby in and the baby can lie down 853: A stroller Interviewer: Okay and you say, you put the baby in that thing and you say you're gonna take the baby out for a 853: Walk Interviewer: Okay 853: Or a stroll sometimes you, you know? Interviewer: Okay Uh. If a woman's about to have a baby, you say she is 853: In labor Interviewer: Okay, or, say she's not gonna have it for another month, you'd say she's 853: Pregnant Interviewer: Okay any other words for it that you could refer it to 853: In family way Interviewer: Okay {NW} Anything else? 853: No, I guess not. Interviewer: Uh, if you don't have a doctor to deliver the baby, the woman, you might say 853: Midwife. Interviewer: Okay {NS} If a boy has the same color hair, the same color eyes, the same kind of nose as his father You say he what? 853: He got his from his daddy. Interviewer: Okay okay. And say he acts like his daddy. He's got the same kind of mannerisms {X} He has the same what? 853: His disposition. He has his daddy's disposition. Interviewer: Okay. And You might say that woman had a hard life her husband died and she what? Six children all by herself 853: Raised them Interviewer: Okay. And um To a child who is misbehaved you'd say, "If you do that again I'm gonna give you a good..?" 853: Spanking Interviewer: Okay and if they're two little boys and one of those little boys says to the other one "If you do that again I'm gonna give you a good..." 853: Beating Interviewer: Okay. Uh, what if they were big boys? Would they say the same thing? 853: Yeah. Maybe, "I'll knock your head off" {NW} Interviewer: If a boy is five inches taller this year you would say he what? A lot? 853: If he's what? Interviewer: Five inches taller this year. 853: He's a lot taller Interviewer: Okay you'd say he what a lot last year? 853: Grew a lot Interviewer: Okay And children, people come up to children and they say, "my how you've..." 853: Have grown Interviewer: I used to hate it when people would say it to me. 853: Yeah Interviewer: What do you say? If you're a child and someone says that to you what do you say? Because they they stand there and look at you waiting for you to reply But there's nothing to say 853: No, not a, not a thing Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You can't say, "well what'd you expect me to do?" that'd be rude. 853: You probably would say, "Yeah I know it" Interviewer: Yeah. Big deal. {NW} 853: Yeah {NW} Interviewer: Uh. A child born to an unmarried woman would be a..? 853: To a what? Interviewer: To an unmarried woman. 853: Oh, illegitimate. Interviewer: Okay, anything else you've heard them called? 853: It's what? Interviewer: Anything else you have heard them called? 853: No it's just born out of wedlock Interviewer: Okay, uh. You might say, "Jane is a loving child, but Peggy is even..." 853: Better. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh, your brother's son would be your...? 853: Nephew Interviewer: Okay. And a child who's lost both parents is a...? 853: Orphan Interviewer: Okay. If it's been in an institution would you call it anything different? 853: Hmm? Interviewer: If, would it be anything different if it's been in an institution? 853: No. It'd still be an orphan. Interviewer: Uh, a person appointed to look after an orphan would be it's legal..? 853: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay and If somebody asks you about somebody else's name is Terrel, you might say, yeah she has the same name And we really, we look a little bit alike but we're really no 853: Relation. Interviewer: Okay. Someone who comes into town and nobody's ever seen them before you'd say he's a... 853: Total stranger. {NW} Interviewer: If he comes from out of the country, what would you call him? 853: He's a foreigner Interviewer: Okay, um. {B} Uh Name some girls names that start with an "M" 853: "M"? Mary, Martha, Miriam. Interviewer: Okay 853: Maggie Interviewer: Uh, a man's name that starts with an "M"? Uh, Matt would be short for...? What? That would be... 853: Matthew Interviewer: Okay. Uh A girl's name that starts with an "N", it's a nickname for Helen I think 853: Is that right? Interviewer: A girl's name that starts with an "N". What's a girl's name that starts with "N"? 853: Nelly Interviewer: Okay. Uh. A nickname for William would be... 853: Uh? For what? Interviewer: William 853: Bill. Interviewer: Okay. Or if it was a little boy, well you wouldn't call him Bill, you'd call him... 853: Billy, mm-hmm, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh. A woman who conducts school would be a...? 853: Teacher Interviewer: Okay, any old-fashioned terms you ever heard? For a teacher? 853: No. Schoolmarm Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Uh. There's a family name, uh Old boy wrote the books, uh, the books called "The Leatherstocking Tales" and his name was James Fenimore Do you know his last name? 853: Sure No, I can't think. Interviewer: Oh, well if you think of it, stop me. 853: James Fenimore {NW} Interviewer: Um. What would you call a preacher who's not really trained and he doesn't have his own pulpit and He just preaches part-time and he's probably not very good at it 853: Student preacher. Interviewer: Oh, well, he doesn't, he makes his living doing something else. You know, and he's a carpenter or something, he preaches on the side. 853: I guess he'd be a supply Interviewer: Okay 853: preacher. Interviewer: A what? 853: A supply preacher. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. My mother's sister would be... 853: Your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And, um, another girl's name, starts with an "S". 853: "S"? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Sarah Interviewer: Okay. Got it! First one off the bat. Uh, if you had, If your father had a brother by the name of "William", you'd probably call him...? 853: Uncle Bill Interviewer: Okay, uh, if you had a, a brother by the name of John you'd probably call him...? 853: Jack Interviewer: Okay, but he he's your father's brother now, so you'd probably call him...? 853: Uncle. Uncle Jack. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh. {NW} If you had ever known, um, Robert E Lee, if you'd ever know him, you probably wouldn't have said, "Hello mr Lee" You'd probably say, you'd address him by his military title which 853: General Interviewer: General what? 853: Lee Interviewer: Okay. Uh. The old man who introduced Kentucky fried chicken is who? 853: Is what? Interviewer: The old guy who introduced Kentucky fried chicken 853: Sanders Interviewer: What's his name? 853: Colonel Sanders Interviewer: Okay {NW} Uh, what do they call a man in charge of a ship? 853: Captain Interviewer: Okay. Ever hear that title in other situations? 853: Yes Interviewer: Like what? 853: Well he's could be captain of of the ball team or... You know, could be captain of the football group Interviewer: Okay. Um. The person who presides over the county court. How would you address that person? 853: Judge. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, a boy or girl in grade school would be a...? What would you call them? 853: A student Interviewer: Okay. And if they were in High school would you, what would you call them? 853: Still be student. Interviewer: Alright what about if they were in college? 853: Student. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, a person in an office who handles the boss' mail and schedules the boss' appointments Answers the phone, would be the boss's 853: Secretary Interviewer: Okay. Um, a man on a stage would be an actor and woman would be an...? 853: Actress. Interviewer: And, uh, if you were born in the United Sates you're called an..? 853: American citizen Interviewer: Okay, um, what would you call the name of our race? 853: Caucasian Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 853: I guess you'd be white race Interviewer: Okay, okay, what are some people who aren't white? 853: That what? Interviewer: What are some people who aren't white? 853: Well I guess you'd say they're Mexican or they're Filipino or Japanese Interviewer: Okay, what else? People that used to be slaves in this country? 853: Spanish and negroes. Interviewer: Okay okay. Uh What's the most polite, uh word, what's the most polite term for a negro? 853: Colored. But today it's black. Interviewer: Oh okay okay, uh, what are some derogatory names for white people? Like white people that aren't very well off 853: Poor trash Interviewer: #1 Okay # 853: #2 White white trash # Interviewer: Okay, okay. What are some derogatory names for negroes? 853: Nigger. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 853: No I guess you're black then. Interviewer: Okay okay. Uh. What would you call somebody that lives out in the way out in the country 853: In the sticks. Interviewer: Yeah out in the sticks. And he never comes into town and when he comes into town he looks real and people look at him and And he acts funny and they say hey look at that old...? 853: Country hick Interviewer: Okay, anything else you'd call him besides a hick? 853: No I guess not, I think that'd be the first thing to come to mind. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um. If somebody's waiting for you and you're fixing to go someplace and they say "hey come on hurry up" You'll say..? "I'll be with you in.."? A minute Okay. Uh. If you know you're on the right road, going somewhere, but you aren't sure of the distance, you'd stop somebody and say how...? 853: How much farther is it? Interviewer: Okay. Uh. This, this part of your head would be your...? 853: Forehead. {NS} Um. Interviewer: You go to the beauty shop to have your...? 853: Hair cut. Interviewer: Okay. And a man shaves and shaves off his...? 853: Beard. Interviewer: Okay. And where would an old-timey store keeper keep his pencil? 853: In a pencil box. Interviewer: Well, if he wants one that's handy he might put it...? 853: Behind his ear. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Which ear? Which ear? 853: Usually his right ear. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Because he's right-handed, if he's right handed, and most people are. Interviewer: Yeah, what if he was left-handed? 853: Huh? Interviewer: What if he was left-handed? 853: Well he'd keep it on the other side I'd think. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. {NW} 853: It's just easier, you know, to reach up. Interviewer: {NS} If somebody's mumbling you might say, "Take that chewing gum out of your..." 853: Mouth Interviewer: Okay and you might you wear a tie, or a man wears a tie around his..? 853: Neck. Interviewer: Okay and you might say he got a chicken bone stuck in his...? 853: Throat Interviewer: Okay. And this part of your throat would be your...? That part right there. What is that? 853: Well I guess that's your I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. 853: I guess that's your uvula. You no you that's not the uvula. Uvula is that little deal up in the top of the throat Interviewer: Where are those planes coming from? I've never heard them before. 853: What? Interviewer: Where are those planes coming from? I've never heard them before. 853: Trains? Interviewer: Planes. 853: Oh they come over here, they train them over there, you know? Interviewer: Oh is that right? 853: Oh they, no. They don't train them to fly, they they train them to work on the airplanes. Interviewer: Oh. 853: A T-S-T-I. Interviewer: Texas State 853: Texas State Technical Institution. Interviewer: I didn't realize. 853: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh. 853: It's where the old air base used to be. Interviewer: Oh is that right? 853: Now the one out there where you fly in an out, catch a plane. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: That used to be, during World War One, that's where the planes would land. Interviewer: I see I see. Uh. You go to the dentist and have them look at your...? 853: Teeth. Interviewer: Okay and you might say, "well I'm gonna need to fill that..." 853: Cavity. Interviewer: Okay, or um, that cavity is in a what? 853: Bad shape. Interviewer: Uh. The cavity, I I you have a cavity in your, your front 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Your front what? 853: Teeth. Interviewer: Uh, if you just had one, you'd have it in your front...? 853: Front tooth. Interviewer: Okay, uh, he might say "well you're taking pretty good care of your teeth, but you'd better pay attention to your..."? 853: Gums Interviewer: Okay. And you can hold that baby bird in the what of your hand? 853: Palm Interviewer: Okay. And, that man got mad and he doubled up both...? 853: Fists. Interviewer: Okay, and he shook his...? 853: Fist. Interviewer: #1 (NS} # 853: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Uh. A lot of times when people get older they complain about getting stiff in their...? 853: Knees and, uh, joints. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, the upper part of a man's body would be his...? 853: Chest. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say "That man sure has broad..."? 853: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay. And they measure the hight of a horse in...? 853: Hands. Interviewer: Alright, and you have a right and a left...? What? 853: Hand. Interviewer: Okay, and You might say "the pain ran from his heel all the way up his whole..."? 853: Body. Interviewer: Um, just his 853: Leg. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And into your leg is your...? 853: Toe. Interviewer: On what? 853: Foot. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And you have two..? 853: Feet. Interviewer: Okay. Um. You might say "I stumbled over a box in the dark and bruised my..."? 853: Shin. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanna look at something outside and the ground's too cold or too muddy, to sit on You might just kinda get down like that 853: Peep at. Interviewer: Uh, so you you get down like this to look at something down there. {X} What would you say you do? 853: All fours or just crouch down. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, somebody's been sick for a while but now he's up and around but you might say, "well he still looks a little.."? 853: Peaked. Interviewer: Um. A person who is really big and muscular and athletic can can lift heavy weights you say he sure is...? 853: Robust. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words you might use for him? He's not weak, he's...? 853: Nice, strong, healthy looking. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, somebody who always has a smile on his face and never looses his temper you'd say he sure is..? 853: Good natured. Interviewer: Okay. And, um, somebody like a teenager who's all arms and legs Can't walk through the house without knocking things down. You'd 853: Gawky Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Anything else? Any other 853: Clumsy. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Um a person who keeps on doing things that just don't make any sense, you'd say well he's just a plain..? 853: Pest. Interviewer: Okay. And he, he just doesn't make any sense, anything he does. You, what else would you say about him? 853: Haphazard. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, a person who has plenty money and who hangs on to it would be a..? 853: Miser. Interviewer: Okay. 853: And I don't like them. Interviewer: Really? Uh {NS} You might say "mr Brown'll pay you good money but you have to earn it He's a regular..?" 853: Stickler for hard work. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. uh, if you said or if you heard somebody say "That girl is very common". What would it mean? 853: Ordinary. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If there's a ninety-six year old man {NW} And he's still real strong and he doesn't show his age. And he gets around real well, you'd say "well he is still quite" 853: Alert. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Active. Interviewer: Okay. If it's a if it's a young person, like a three year old or something Always on the go, getting into everything, you'd say he sure is...? 853: Meddlesome. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. If your daughter was out later than usual and she was on a date or something You might say "well I don't suppose there's anything wrong but I can't help feeling a little..?" 853: Uneasy. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, you might say "I don't wanna go upstairs in the dark I'm.."? 853: Afraid. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, a person who gets afraid easily is kind of a..? 853: Coward. Interviewer: Okay. And a place, like a dark place beside a graveyard would be a what kind of place? 853: Spooky. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} You might say "The kids around here aren't really reckless drivers but they forget to signal, they forget to Always don't pay much attention, you know? And so you say they're kind of..."? 853: Irresponsible. Interviewer: Okay. Um, you might say to your daughter "Now you just make too many mistakes on this arithmetic test, you just must not have been concentrating, don't be so what? You're just kinda fooling around, you know? Don't be so...? 853: Unconcerned. Interviewer: Okay, uh, you might say "well there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy, but sometimes she just acts kinda.."? 853: Off. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Any other words you might use? {NW} 853: Well, a little balmy. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Uh, a person who makes up his mind and there isn't anything that can make him change it you'd say he sure is..? 853: Obstinate or hard headed. {NS} Interviewer: Well let's see. Oh Somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper you'd say he sure is..? Can't even tease him or you know he 853: He's too sensitive. Interviewer: Okay okay. And you might say " I was just kidding him, I didn't know he'd get .."? 853: Mad. Interviewer: Okay and if there was a building burning and there was a bunch of people in it and they were starting to panic, somebody might stand up and say "okay everybody keep.."? 853: Calm. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. If you'd been working real hard, you'd say you're very..? 853: Industrious. Interviewer: Well, after you get through working, you're you might've been industrious first and then you're..? 853: You're tired. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Exhausted. Interviewer: Okay. And you're real real real real real tired. You'd say you're all..? 853: Pooped. {NW} Interviewer: Okay okay. Any other, uh any other word for it? 853: Uh Kinda, worked to death. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Something. Interviewer: Um Uh, if you have clothes that have holes in the knees and you know they're starting to fall apart, you'd say "well I'm gonna have to throw these away they're all.."? 853: Raggedy Interviewer: Okay, another word for them? They're all..? 853: Worn out. Interviewer: Okay 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh Somebody got uh, overheated, and chilled and his eyes and his nose started to run and Started sneezing and you'd say he, what did he get? 853: Taken a bad cold. Interviewer: Okay. And, next his voice, you'd say "he's a little bit.."? 853: Hoarse. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And if he did {X} {NW} 853: Cough Interviewer: A what? 853: Cough. Interviewer: Okay, and you might say "I think I'll go ahead and take a nap, I'm feeling a little bit.."? 853: Sleep {NW} Sleepy. Interviewer: I feel it now too. {NW} And you might say at six o'clock in the morning when the alarm goes off "I.."? 853: I'm just, still sleepy. Interviewer: Okay. But when the alarm goes off, I... What do I do? 853: I get up. Interviewer: Well before you get up you have to..? 853: Bob up Interviewer: Uh, okay. Uh, you're asleep and then the alarm goes off and you, you open your eyes and you say you 853: "Oh mercy, have to get up" Interviewer: Okay. You might say "he's still sleeping. You better go.." "He's still sleeping, you better go in there and.."? 853: Wake him up. Interviewer: Okay and um, a person who can't hear anything is stone..? 853: Deaf. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if somebody went out to work in the hot sun and he started to sweat And by the time he finished he had really, what a lot? 853: Perspired. Interviewer: Okay. Or if you were gonna use the word sweaty. 853: Sweat. Interviewer: He had really..? 853: Ringing wet. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Sweat. Sweat a lot. Interviewer: Okay, uh, what do you call that kinda sore that a bunch of people get on well some people get it on the back of their neck? 853: A boil. Interviewer: Okay, uh and what do you call that stuff that comes out if you have to have {X} 853: Pus. Interviewer: {X} Do you have one? 853: No but my husband did. And every man down at the shop one time, they all bought him a bunch of new clothes. And uh, they wore them before they had them laundered. You know, they were overalls and And a jumper. Working at the shops. And every last one of them, well I, I wouldn't swear all but Most of them had big boils, had to cut out places, you know, have them latched. Not only latched but just ring it out before it gets, well. {NW} And he and his brother, of course I saw theirs. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And they were terrible. Interviewer: That's awful, why did it do that? 853: I don't know, but there was some kind of poison in the dye. That dyed the overalls and jumper. Interviewer: That's horrible. That, oh. When you get a blister, what do you call that stuff that forms under the blister? 853: Water. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh, you might say "a bee stung me and my hand.."? 853: Swelled Interviewer: Okay and in fact it's still pretty badly..? 853: Puffed. Interviewer: Okay, or if you were gonna use the word swell, you'd say it's still pretty badly..? 853: Swollen. Interviewer: Okay. Uh If somebody got shot in the war you'd say he got a..? 853: Wound Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Around the wound, sometimes it doesn't heal just right and you get this kind of white, veinular substance and they have to cut it out 853: Pus. Interviewer: Okay, uh, do you ever hear it called any kind of flesh? 853: Proud flesh. Interviewer: What is that anyway? 853: Well it's, uh, flesh that, uh, there's enough, uh, impurities that it won't slough off to the real flesh or new flesh so it can heal. Interviewer: Well, that's terrible 853: Proud flesh is, we used to have it a lot. Now I don't know why we don't have it anymore but I don't care how bad kids get hurt and how long an old sore'll stay. Interviewer: {X} 853: They won't, you don't get, I don't ever hear of proud flesh anymore I imagine the first thing we'd do now, think we'd doctor them. Interviewer: Yeah 853: Didn't used to have anything to doctor with. Interviewer: Yeah yeah. Probably I guess 853: Nothing but turpentine. {NW} And it's the best poison absorber in the world. {NW} Interviewer: Sounds horrible. 853: My husband had, uh, ruptured appendix and he drained in his side for a long time And, uh, I fixed a {X} to go on, he had a knot that came around it and I was gonna have to, be go back in there And I said "I'm gonna doctor you to suit myself" and we done brought him home And I fixed with turpentine, rag and, um, mentholatum and campho phenique {NW} Things like that you know? And I I went to the store and got some {X} Pure lard. Interviewer: What does that do? 853: Well it's a grease, keeps it from blistering. And I melt that in there, I saturated this, I cut the tail out of his old shirt, army shirt. And I put that around him real tight and see this had gotten into the lungs. And he had an abscessed lung. They was gonna have to go in there and drain that lung. {NW} And of course he's a railroad man, they didn't he was allowed so long in the hospital. He hear and when he got able to travel, I took him to Texarkana. And the doctor said "Young lady I want you to remember, that you saved your husband's life" Interviewer: Huh 853: The turpentine is the best poison absorber you can ever put on an outside place. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And they did uh, it dissolved, that, uh, lung tumor. And he don't have to have nothing done but just stay here and get well Interviewer: Well that's great I never heard such a thing. 853: That's what he told me. Interviewer: That's great. How did you know that? 853: Well, I'd a had it, that's all we ever had to doctor with, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I put it around him and I, he was, I got him out of bed. And I sat him up in a high back chair And I reached around him and I wrapped around that chair and I hugged that up close to him. And when he began to get past warm, I'd take it and heat it again. Put it back on him. I did that for four hours, and he began to cough and spit up that pus, bloody pus. Interviewer: Huh. That's great. 853: Saved his life. As soon as he got, his temperature went down from a hundred and five. And his temperature went way back down not really normal. I called and made reservations for an ambulance to meet him at the train in Texarkana. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: We got on the train, went to Texarkana and got in there midnight. And the doctor was there ready to meet him He said he's alright. Interviewer: hundred and five is awfully high for an adult. 853: Oh yes, indeed. Interviewer: And you have trouble with your appendix what do you say you have? You say you have..? 853: Appendicitis. {NW} Interviewer: Did he know he had appendicitis before he had the fever? 853: No, he fell in a drop pit, you wouldn't know what it is, down at the shop And a seven hundred pound jack fell on him. And it ruptured that appendix Appendix. Interviewer: It's a wonder it didn't kill him. 853: It is. And, uh, he was off for months and months and months. Before he could work anymore. Interviewer: Yeah, well I suppose if you could get the insurance money because he was injured on the job. 853: Yeah, mm-hmm. Interviewer: What was the pit he was down in that you said? 853: Well you had to, you roll these engines trains, engines, railroad engines, over this drop pit. And you went down on a ladder and it was high enough that you could stand up and work under it. Go ahead and work on the engine. Interviewer: Uh-huh I see. Yeah and that's what he was doing. 853: And he was and of course they drain those things and that oil was made deep in there and you know. And, uh, they said he was in one round mess when he got to hospital. Cause it knocked him out of course. And they had a time getting him out of the {X} Interviewer: Oh dear, when did you hear about how did they 853: Well, uh, his brother worked there too, and Lee came and got me and took me to the hospital. My mother lived with me then and we moved to town. Interviewer: Uh-huh, why he was in the hospital? 853: No, my momma lived with us because we had to carry water from houses. We didn't have any water on this place. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Never could get a drop of water. And up on the other end as well, now stands I guess twenty-five, thirty feet in water fifty-two feet deep. Interviewer: hmm, that's a pretty deep hole. 853: I'd go up there and wash. John would go up in the afternoon and draw water. Fill the tubs and the pots Interviewer: How old were you when that happened? 853: When he got hurt? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well it, I was forty-five, yeah. Our daughter had just married and left home, left, moved to {X} nineteen thirty-six Interviewer: I bet that scared you. 853: Oh, mercy. And I sat by his bed twenty-six days and I didn't leave. Yes I did, uh, I took my clothes to my sister's. She lived three and a half blocks from Hillcrest hospital. And I'd go down there and get a bath and go right back down there. Interviewer: Well that's a hard way to live. Um. What is the kind of medicine that people used to keep on the medicine cabinet and {X} {B} {X} 853: {NS} There in the mornings you know. Interviewer: Settle down you're going to make the room blow up {NS} Probably make it harder to cool off 853: {NS} Yeah. Interviewer: Harder stupid thing stupid thing why it does that oh perfect {NW} you know uh this place where I'm staying right now the uh it faces west. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And that from about about six o'clock in the evening the sun starts to shine right on that window. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And from about six until about eight thirty when the sun goes down. 853: Yes. Interviewer: Right on that window and the air conditioning is just going {X} you know it can't even phase it. 853: No that's right. Interviewer: It's really hot in there. {NW} I was going to ask you about the kind of medicine people used to keep in their uh medicine cabinet had a skull and cross bones on it and it was reddish brown and it hurt like crazy you put it on a little scratch. 853: Liniment. Interviewer: Uh this is to put on scratches not for sore muscles but just if you've got a scratch you know it might get infected to dis- 853: You mean powder or or salve? Interviewer: Uh liquid it was a liquid what I used to see and it. 853: {NS} Well we used Sloan's liniment Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: For sore pla- Not uh open wound. Interviewer: Yeah well this is for an open wound. 853: Oh. Interviewer: What kind of brown did you ever use any brown medicine at all for an open wound? 853: I don't remember. Interviewer: Okay um two kinds of salt you can get at the grocery store you can get just plain salt or you can get salt with what? 853: Iodized. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} what do you call those those white you know that white bitter powder that you can take uh as a tonic for a cold 853: Quinine. Interviewer: Okay did y'all ever take that? 853: Yes sir. {NS} And calomel. Interviewer: Is that the same thing or is that? 853: No no no it was different. Uh now quinine {NW} was good for fever. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And calomel was good for malaria. Interviewer: Hmm 853: You you take calomel in the spring for malaria fever. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Wasn't that stupid? Nothing to it. Interviewer: Huh really? 853: But that is all we had. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Everybody else did. Interviewer: Yeah did it taste bad? 853: Yeah and you know they'd. My dad I've seen my daddy take it and you got the little piece of paper. {NW} Uh writing tablet had its own kind of paper didn't have wax paper then you know. {NW} And you'd he'd take his knife. And he'd get a little bit of calomel. Put it down here. {NW} Then he'd get a little bit of soda that was keeping {NW} to keep it from salivating you. Interviewer: Yeah 853: And you'd mix that up real good. And then put it in that little old piece of paper that he'd cut up. {NW} And then that was a dose. And when they got around to take it why you stuck your tongue out and they sprinkled it on your tongue and took your water and swallowed it. Interviewer: Yuck sounds terrible. {NW} 853: It it was awful and quinine it today uh I guess the younger generation would say it is as bitter as quinine. Interviewer: Hmm 853: It was gosh awful. Interviewer: Really I've never tasted it but I know. 853: They don't give it anymore. {NW} It's in all medicines. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Calomel and quinine's in all medicines nearly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: and for some purpose. Interviewer: Yeah they just don't give it by itself. 853: But you don't take it by itself like you used to. Interviewer: Oh you might say the doctor did everything he could but the patient. 853: Died. Interviewer: Okay um what are some other words for it for died? 853: Expired Interviewer: Okay anything else? 853: Passed away. Interviewer: Okay you might say oh excuse me I'm glad that old skin flint finally what he'd always be? 853: Died or left town. Interviewer: Okay well if he died what's a funny way of saying it? 853: Kicked the bucket. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Anything else? 853: {NW} Turned up his toes. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 853: #2 {NW} # Oh #1 Mercy # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 853: {NW} Interviewer: Oh you might say he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he 853: Died with. Interviewer: Okay and um place where they bury people is called the? 853: The what? Interviewer: Place where they bury people is called? 853: Oh cemetery. Interviewer: Okay and if it's small and just and out in the country it's called a? 853: It's graveyard. Interviewer: Okay and and what if it's real small and just on a farm you know like family's buried there? 853: Just a burial plot. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Um and that box that they put the body in what do you call that? 853: Casket. Interviewer: Okay ever heard any old fashioned names for it? 853: Black box used to say {NW} Well they're going to have to go to town to get the black box to put him in. Interviewer: Huh okay uh you might say he was a real important man everybody in town turned out for his 853: Funeral. Interviewer: Okay and 853: {NW} Interviewer: If people were dressed in black you'd say they are in 853: Mourning. Interviewer: Okay did they used to have funeral homes the way they do now? 853: {NW} No. Interviewer: What'd they do? 853: I don't know where they had {NW} where they had the caskets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm maybe they just had a 853: But you come to town and got one in a wagon. Interviewer: Huh. 853: And brought it back {NW} and brought it to the house where they died. {NW} And they put them in the casket and carried them to the graveyard and they had. {NW} Uh uh. Followers just like they do today and processions you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh from the house. 853: Uh-huh uh-huh there'll be neighbors that would collect there and have their horse and buggy or {NW} wagon and a herd of kids. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 853: And uh go to the funeral. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And there's more people went to funerals than they do now. Interviewer: Huh. 853: Oh much much more. Interviewer: Huh wonder why. 853: Well they were more respectful. People don't have much respect for you anymore. {NW} You have to do something out standing before you get have neighbors anymore much. Interviewer: Yeah that's true that's true that happens a lot. 853: {NW} No you don't I- I dare say you don't have any neighbors do you? {NW} Well of course I do. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Because I've been here a long time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But I had an old man actually not too old a lot younger than I am. Second house to this one. {NW} he threw one fit right after the other when this colored man moved next door to me. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 853: Asked me one day what I thought about it and I said now called him by name I said not a thing I can do about it. The government sold it to him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Moved him in there. And uh I'd rather they'd like me than not. Interviewer: Really yeah. 853: And I'm going to tell you right now I- I don't have to brag to tell you they liked me. Interviewer: Yeah it sounds like he's a nice man. #1 Too # 853: #2 Yeah # If anything happens to me he starts crying. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Well he's nervous. {NW} He's a- He's a disabled veteran. Interviewer: Oh. 853: He was in the Korean War. Interviewer: Hmm 853: And he was- He's nervous. I'm always giving him something. If I make a cake or something I'll give him a big piece of cake. Interviewer: Hmm. 853: He says that all you got? Interviewer: {NW} Take more. {NW} If you see a friend uh downtown and they say how you doing and it's just an average day you'll say oh 853: Fine or okay. Interviewer: Okay um if your if your joints are getting stiff and achy and you say you got just a touch of? 853: Rheumatism. Interviewer: Okay and uh what was the name of that disease that when children used to get a real terrible sore throat and they died in the middle of the night? 853: Diphtheria. Interviewer: Yeah did you ever know anybody who had it? 853: Oh yes. Lot of people. Interviewer: Anybody in your family ever have it? 853: Yes. My sister in law's son. {NW} And you were quarantined you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And she called me and wanted me to come and stay with her. She lived in town then. {NW} And I went and I had to stay two or three weeks I couldn't come out of there. Interviewer: Boy that's terrible. 853: Until they lifted the quarantine. Interviewer: Yeah was he 853: About to die. Interviewer: But he alright? 853: Oh yeah. {NW} He's uh {NW} A sports editor of Waco News Tribune. {NW} And he publishes a sports magazine. {NW} He's today {NW} what I would call immensely rich. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And he was they were so poor at that time. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: And his daddy died and {NW} they moved out here then so we could- {NW} And my husband and the other two brothers would give her money enough to buy groceries and things you know they didn't have any. {X} But listen he's plenty rich today. Interviewer: Well I hope does he take care of his mother. 853: Oh mercy yes. Interviewer: Oh that's good then. 853: He's a fine person. Interviewer: Uh what do you call that disease where your your skin and your eyeballs turn yellow? 853: Yellow fever yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} if you if you eat something that doesn't agree with you it might come back up and you? 853: Vomit Interviewer: Okay um is is vomit the most polite word for that? 853: Yes. Interviewer: Okay what are some less polite words? 853: Oh well you'll say well I hurled my toes up or I up chucked half a night. Interviewer: Okay yuck oh I hate that worse than anything. 853: If I ever have to vomit well you better call a doctor I'm sick. Interviewer: Yeah yeah me too I 853: I get sick in my stomach but I can't vomit. Interviewer: Uh-huh I'm that way too my husband will just go in the bathroom and throw up just the easiest #1 Thing and he # 853: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Feels better I can't do that. 853: Now you see you said throw up Interviewer: Yeah 853: And we said that too. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh I guess I'd say that. 853: More than vomit or Interviewer: Yeah I think I do say that more than vomit {X} 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you eat something that doesn't agree with you you might feel sick where? 853: In your stomach. Interviewer: Okay and uh if a boy keeps going out to the same girl's house all the time you'd say he's? 853: Courting her. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: And uh in that case he would be her? 853: Steady. Interviewer: Okay and she would be his? 853: Girlfriend Interviewer: Okay and if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say uh-huh you've been? 853: Kissing. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Or necking. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 853: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh 853: {NW} Interviewer: If the girl stops letting him come over to see her you'd say she? 853: Broke up. Interviewer: Okay uh he asked her to marry him but she? 853: Said no. Interviewer: Okay uh and say they were engaged but all of a sudden she just what? 853: Said take me home. Interviewer: Okay alright she they were engaged and she decided she didn't want to be engaged anymore so how would you say what would you say she did? 853: She'd say now I'm just real sorry but I don't want to go with you anymore. Interviewer: Okay uh. 853: That's what I did. Interviewer: You did? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Who was it what what? 853: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 853: Oh no {NW} But I went with a boy a long time and I- I decided that he liked me better than I did him. {NW} I liked him Interviewer: Yeah. 853: an awful lot. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: He was a fine person. And he was {NW} I decided John I guess he was the nicest boy I ever went with. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But he he was hunting somebody to get married. Interviewer: Yeah 853: And I told him I said I don't believe we ought to go together anymore. {NW} He said how come? {NW} And I said because I think you like me in a different way to what I like you. Interviewer: Uh-huh yeah 853: I didn't say love. Interviewer: Yeah 853: {NW} Interviewer: Did he understand? 853: Hmm Interviewer: Did he understand or? 853: Yes he did Uh he went to our church and when I taught Sunday school in the children department. {NW} And of course he was in the old folks' class and {NW} after that I we'd sit together in church. But he never asked me for a date after. Interviewer: Well that was nice They can end in disaster too because uh we had some friends who were married and and I know when they got married that he was just looking for somebody to marry anybody. 853: Right. Interviewer: Anybody who was remotely #1 Suitable # 853: #2 Right # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And they were married for five or six years and then all of a sudden she came home one day and said I want a divorce and uh they got a divorce two months later she married somebody else. 853: Isn't that something? {NS} Well I used to go with a boy {NW} and I liked him from brown wood he was uh. And he was up until he retired {NW} uh president of Daniel Baker College. And uh he was teaching at Daniel Baker at that time. And uh he'd come to Waco and spend the summer. And I'd go with him I wouldn't as long as John now wasn't mad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm. 853: But uh if John And I had a little break up then I'd go with Will because I wanted to hurt him. #1 Wasn't I awful? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # {NW} Shame on you. {NW} 853: And uh I'd uh go with him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 853: So finally I he asked me if you know I thought I could love him and I made up my mind I told my mother I was going to marry him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: He'd been wanting me to for years. Mama said no sugar you can't do that. You don't want to. Interviewer: Huh 853: You can't do that. Interviewer: Yeah 853: And she talked to me a long time yes I am. I'll show John. Interviewer: Oh uh-huh. 853: So we went to this show and this is the difference in boys and girls in my day. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: In a buggy coming on back. Why he was talking about getting married and everything and I was halfway sanctioning it you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Finally he reached over. I had his hat in in my lap. At night of course. And he reached over and got my hand and kissed it I thought I'd jump out of that buggy. Interviewer: {NW} 853: That was the worst thing that could have ever happened to me. Interviewer: Hmm 853: And I thought then if I can't stand for that man to kiss my hand. {NW} I could never love him. Interviewer: Yeah really yeah. 853: So when I- I began talking to him then. I said no well I couldn't ever marry you and you wonder why. And I told him the truth. But I got he stayed at the Raleigh and left town that night. Interviewer: Huh 853: And uh I. He wrote me the awfulest ugliest letter I didn't know anybody. I didn't think it was in him. Interviewer: Well aren't you glad you didn't marry him if he was like that? 853: Well he was just telling me how I had led him on. For these five long years. Every summer I came to Waco and stayed strictly to be with you. You led me on nothing ugly you know he didn't say anything ugly. So I sat down and wrote him a letter and I let mama read it. She said that's one of the nicest letters I ever read. He'll understand. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And he called me long distance from Brownwood and apologized. Interviewer: Oh good. 853: And I've never seen or heard tell of him since. Interviewer: Huh wonder what happened to him. 853: He never did marry. Interviewer: Oh. #1 really # 853: #2 And since # John's been gone his cousin. She's a matchmaker she called me. Interviewer: Oh dear. 853: #1 And she # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 853: Said say Will's here would you like to see him I said no. Yes. She said I'll bring him out I said no wait a minute. I know you Olly. I've known you all of my life. Don't bring Will Wilson out here. {NW} I don't want to see him for the reason you do. {NW} Now I'd like to see him because he's a good friend. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: He's a good man. And so she says and you don't want me to bring him I said no ma'am I don't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah getting put on the spot. #1 Like that # 853: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Just ugh. 853: So she didn't and I haven't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And he retired about two or three years ago. Interviewer: Uh-huh well it would be different if you just happened to run into him but for her to 853: #1 Certainly # Interviewer: #2 bring him over # 853: to get us started back together. #1 Again # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # That's really cute. 853: And I told her later on she we got to talking about it and I said now I'll tell you something I'm a different person to you. What you are. When Sydney died you didn't wait very long to marry. That was your business. There was nothing disgraceful about it. But it proved definitely to me that you didn't love Sydney like I love John. Interviewer: Hmm 853: I could never marry again she said well you might. My husband's been dead fourteen years I said no ma'am I'm too old to marry. Not after having the kind of husband I had {NW} fifty years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: No. Interviewer: People are just different you know I don't know. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Talking about getting married what do you call a man who stands up with the groom? 853: {NW} Best man. Interviewer: Okay what do you stand a call a woman who stands up with the? 853: Matron of honor or bridesmaid. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Um did you ever hear about things where after the wedding all of the boys in the neighborhood? 853: Shivaree. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Did y'all do that here? 853: Yeah yeah they didn't me but {NW} uh they did a lot then. Interviewer: What'd they do? 853: Uh they'd come around with uh rice and old tin pans and tin cans and beat them and around wherever you stand all night and you didn't get to sleep. Interviewer: {NW} 853: {NW} Interviewer: Terrible I had one lady tell me about uh they shivareed them and they came in and stole the groom took him away. 853: Right they did they tried it. Interviewer: {NW} 853: They did do always tried for that. Interviewer: That's terrible. 853: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Um. 853: {NW} Interviewer: If there was a party and there was some trouble at the party and the police came but they didn't just arrest the people who were making the trouble they arrested the 853: Whole bunch. Interviewer: Okay uh after a football game now high school kids usually go to a what? 853: Party. Interviewer: Okay well what what did they do at the party? 853: Well they'd I think they still have little play parties like you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Play little games and things. Interviewer: What about when they have a band and and have music and what do they do then? 853: They dance. Interviewer: Okay uh you might say s- four-o-clock is the time when school 853: Is out. Interviewer: Okay and the day after labor day is when school? 853: Has a holiday. Interviewer: In the fall right after labor day is when school? 853: Takes up. Interviewer: Okay uh if a boy left home to go to school and he didn't show up you'd say he 853: Ran away from home. Interviewer: Okay uh what if he wasn't really trying to be away from home he just didn't want to go to school? 853: Played hooky. Interviewer: Okay anybody in your family ever do that? 853: Huh. Interviewer: Anybody in your family ever do that? 853: No not with my daddy. Interviewer: #1 Oh # 853: #2 {NW} # Cause they had to come back. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: No they never did. {NW} Now my younger brother said not too long back {NW} that he played hooky one morning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Uh on April fool. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: And he decided that wouldn't work and he left the gang and went back to school. Interviewer: Oh he did uh-huh that's probably smart. 853: Yeah he knew what would happen. Interviewer: Yeah 853: If one of us that were still in school too {NW} would tell. Interviewer: Hmm 853: But you know that's one thing I never did on my brothers. Interviewer: What? 853: Uh tell on them. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: I tell them if you do that again I'll tell. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: You better not ever do that again if you do I'll tell. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: I'll tell papa. #1 And he'd # Interviewer: #2 What would you # 853: #1 He'd # Interviewer: #2 What would you # Go ahead go ahead. 853: He'd give them a good whipping. Interviewer: Yeah what would you call somebody who tells on other kids? 853: Tattle tale. {NW} No I never tell on them. {NW} Uh and I was the only girl at that time that would be big enough to go to school with the boys and run around and play. I played ball well with them you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Baseball you know and uh because I had no my other two sisters was little. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Too little for me to play with I nursed them and wagged them straddled my neck and things like that but not just play with them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But uh {NW} I never told on my brothers. And I- I remember when they started smoking. Interviewer: Oh uh-huh. 853: I'd tell them if I see you smoking anymore if you ever {NW} if I ever catch you smoking again I'm going to tell papa. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh. 853: And sure enough they didn't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Until they got grown and got away from home. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Do they # 853: #2 I # Interviewer: Smoke did they smoke after that? 853: Yes but they're the last one to quit. #1 Before it was over # Interviewer: #2 Is that # Huh. 853: After they got older Interviewer: Yeah. 853: quit. Interviewer: Hmm 853: My daddy did too. {NW} My daddy said he smoked when he was seven. But he quit long years before he died. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm uh would you ever use the word tattletale about an adult. 853: {NS} Did I ever do that? Interviewer: Well would you ever say the world tattletale about an adult? 853: Oh indeed. Interviewer: What what kind of person is that? 853: Well that's a person that's a gossiper. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Always telling something. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: You know I told John one time I said uh. We sat on our front porch and I knew more than half of the people in the community you think I would tell it. I'd see that boy across the street over there {NW} after they'd all go to bed he'd come out. And he'd walk right down in front of my house and walk down. {NW} Way on down to East Waco that was the only place there was houses in you know. Interviewer: Oh. 853: But he'd get down there and they had old domino halls and Interviewer: Yeah. 853: beer joints down there then. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Well he'd go down there and when he'd get home I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Huh. 853: But I wouldn't have told him. Interviewer: Uh-huh his parents I guess didn't know he was 853: Oh no no no no. Interviewer: Huh he just sneaked out I guess. 853: Yeah I told him one time about it. And he said you wouldn't tell would you I said no. He said how come? {NW} I said because I wouldn't think that'd be right. I said I- I it's none of my business what you're doing you're old enough to know better. And you know your parents don't want you to do it. {NW} And I said {X} not a reason in the world for me to tell on you {NW} because it wouldn't stop you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm that's true that's true. 853: So no I'm not going to tell. Interviewer: {NW} He was probably glad. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh let's see you go to school in order to get an 853: Education. Interviewer: Okay and after high school some people go on to 853: College. Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into the 853: Regular school. Interviewer: Okay 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh 853: {NW} Interviewer: You've got the croup this morning. 853: {NW} No I'll tell you what. {NS} Talking. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 853: You know I have just not gotten to where in the last week or two since I was in the hospital. {NW} That I don't have to cough when I talk. Interviewer: Hmm 853: And the doctor said I didn't get enough oxygen to my heart. Interviewer: Oh uh-huh. 853: That's the reason I cough. Interviewer: Well you tell me if you get 853: No it don't it doesn't hurt me but it's annoying to the other person more so than {NW} to me but if I breathe right. I don't do that so much. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Quick cough carry on all the time in the mornings particularly now it's not bad this morning but 853: {NW} Interviewer: Oh 853: Excuse me. Interviewer: I have I'm allergic to everything and 853: I'm not. Interviewer: Oh be glad. {NW} 853: {NW} Interviewer: It is such a nuisance maybe you better get a glass of water. 853: {NW} {NW} {NS} {NW} Interviewer: They come and take you to the hospital. 853: Three o'clock in the morning the first time and seven the next time at night. Interviewer: Oh really? 853: In the evening. Interviewer: Seems like they usually happen at night or in the evening you know. 853: I know it I have to I take more medicine than you ever saw and I have to take a nitroglycerin tablet before I go to bed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {NW} Interviewer: My husband's father had a heart attack had several but it seemed like they were always at night. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Hmm 853: Hmm Interviewer: Strange {NW} Oh used to be in school children sat on benches but now they sit at 853: Table. Interviewer: Well 853: No they sit Interviewer: They sit 853: Desk. Interviewer: Okay and each child has his own 853: Desk. Interviewer: Okay and sometimes there'll be twenty or thirty in a group twenty or thirty 853: Children. Interviewer: Well 853: Desks? Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if you want to check out a book you go to the? 853: Library. Interviewer: And you mail a package at the 853: Post office. Interviewer: And you stay overnight in a strange town at a 853: Motel or hotel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: {NW} Interviewer: And the place where you go to see a play or a movie. 853: Theater. Interviewer: Okay and um {NW} person in the hospital who wakes you up in the middle of the night and takes your pulse and gives you shots and stuff is a what? 853: Hospital. Interviewer: The person who does this 853: Oh he's a patient. Interviewer: A person who comes in and takes your pulse 853: Oh do- A nurse. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 853: #2 Nurse nurse # Interviewer: Okay um you go to catch a train at the what? 853: Depot. Interviewer: Okay what's another word for depot? 853: Station. Interviewer: Uh what kind of station? 853: Railroad station. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh 853: {NW} Interviewer: In the in the city around the courthouse uh what do you call that little area around the courthouse? 853: Lawn. Interviewer: Okay um uh let's see oh say you got two streets like this they cross okay and buildings that would be like here and here you'd say they're across the street from each other 853: Yeah. Interviewer: But if they were here and here 853: Catty-corner. Interviewer: Okay 853: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Um # Now in Waco I guess they have buses for for public transportation but it used to be they had 853: Street car. Interviewer: Okay and uh you might tell the bus driver next corner is where I want 853: To get off. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NS} Used to punch a bus button you know. You do now I guess. Interviewer: Oh. 853: I haven't ridden a bus I don't know either. Interviewer: Um does Waco have a county government for McLennan County? 853: Have a county government? Interviewer: Have a county government. 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: So Waco would be the what for McLennan County? 853: {NW} {X} County seat. Interviewer: Okay and if you're an FBI agent you work for the federal? 853: Government Interviewer: Okay and um a political candidate who wants the police to get tougher says he's for what? 853: Wants to get tougher? Interviewer: He wants the police to get tougher so he's for 853: He's for more service or Interviewer: Okay 853: whatever. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Um # 853: #2 {NW} # {NS} Now you're going to find out No I'll take that back {NW} I guess I know about as many places as the average. Interviewer: Probably probably so 853: I read an awful lot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And I listen to that radio all morning and the television all afternoon. Interviewer: Uh-huh that makes a difference. 853: And clear to the new news goes off at ten o'clock ten thirty. Interviewer: I watch uh well I watch the today show do you watch the today show. 853: I have uh-huh a lot #1 Of times # Interviewer: #2 I like # That and then I watch the news at night and then usually I watch ten o'clock news for the weather. 853: Mm-hmm mm-hmm. Interviewer: Sometimes I watch Johnny Carson. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Tonight show. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I like that stuff. 853: Does your husband stay up that late too? Interviewer: {NW} No I'm the night owl he goes to bed he conks out about nine thirty. 853: {NW} That sounds like John {B} Interviewer: {NW} 853: {NW} Interviewer: I stay up he keeps why don't you go and go to bed and I'm like well I'm not sleepy and sometimes I stay up until one or two just because I'm not sleepy yet. 853: Well do you get up and fix breakfast? Interviewer: Yeah he doesn't eat it but I fix it for me he doesn't like breakfast I've tried to get him to eat it and he won't eat breakfast. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But I fix breakfast for myself because I have to have it. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: I have to have two eggs and bacon and toast and all that stuff. 853: Telling you Interviewer: Uh let's see name for me all the southern states you can think of. 853: Ooh murder. Interviewer: Just just all you can think 853: {NW} Of course we'd start with Texas. Interviewer: Course. 853: Alabama Louisiana Mississippi Kentucky Uh Arkansas And uh Florida Louisiana I think I named that yeah {NW} And uh Interviewer: What's the place where they grow a lot of peaches? 853: Where what? Interviewer: They grow a lot of peaches. 853: Alabama. Interviewer: Okay and 853: Georgia. Georgia peaches Interviewer: And they've got north and south. 853: Carolina North and South {NW} Uh well Interviewer: Um 853: {NW} Interviewer: What's the state just north of Texas? 853: Uh Kansas. Interviewer: Okay and Tulsa is in? 853: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Okay and uh um Albany is in what state? 853: Albany is in New York. Interviewer: Okay and Annapolis and Baltimore are in 853: Maryland. Interviewer: Okay and uh Richmond is 853: Virginia. Interviewer: Okay um think you got all of them Boston is in what state? 853: Massachusetts. Interviewer: Okay and all those states from from Maine down to Connecticut are what do you call that area? 853: Eastern Interviewer: Okay um let's see now these are cities uh the capital of the United States is 853: Capital of United States? Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Washington. Interviewer: Washington what? 853: D-C Interviewer: Okay. #1 And # 853: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Uh the biggest city in Missouri? 853: Is uh Let's see Missouri what? Interviewer: They got that big arch goes across the like the same side of the river I think and um {NW} 853: Missouri. #1 Oh gracious # Interviewer: #2 I forgot the name of their baseball # Team. 853: Any other time I could say it right up. Interviewer: Those baseball teams really ran so much 853: #1 I've been there # Interviewer: #2 I can't remember what # 853: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 Their team is # 853: I've been there. Interviewer: Uh 853: {NW} Interviewer: What's a big city in Maryland? 853: Maryland. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: Well Interviewer: Any old city in Maryland? 853: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um name some big cities in the south just as many as 853: Uh Houston and Interviewer: Okay 853: And uh New Orleans. Interviewer: Okay. 853: And oh Pensacola Florida. Interviewer: Okay um in Tennessee the city where they have all the country music? 853: Yeah Nashville. Interviewer: Okay I'm going there next week. 853: Are you? Interviewer: Yeah my husband's people live in Nashville. 853: Well good. Interviewer: Going to see them. 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh that's an awful pretty part of the country. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Lots of trees. 853: Uh-huh it's real nice. I've been there. {NW} We've been in every direction. Interviewer: Oh have you I haven't been west I haven't been much west. 853: Uh We've been we went the southern route to Oregon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And came back we called it the lower route. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And came back through you know Nebraska and {NW} Colorado and all around through there and stopped along the way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: Well we took thirty days traveling Interviewer: Oh great have you been east? 853: Well we've been to Arkansas and Missouri and {NW} uh Virginia and you know East. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Not uh. Not that'd be northeast or Northern part of it. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: But anyway Uh and down in Florida New Orleans. Interviewer: Yeah yeah what's the capital of Louisiana it's just north of New Orleans? 853: {NW} Well it isn't Louisiana I mean it- it isn't New Orleans is it? Interviewer: I don't think so um {NW} let's see oh what's that big city in the north where uh Al Capone had his rackets and uh Mayor Daley fellow just died a few months ago? 853: Yeah Interviewer: He was mayor of windy city what's that city? 853: Hmm {NS} I can just When you said Mayor Daley it knocked all of the {NW} Interviewer: Short circuited everything. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: They don't have it in Texas I think we've been we've been discriminated against. 853: Yeah {NW} Interviewer: Uh let me ask you about some countries um Dublin is in what country? 853: Ireland. Interviewer: Okay and Paris is the capital of 853: France. Interviewer: And Moscow is in 853: Russia. Interviewer: Okay um what are some churches here in town? 853: Oh there's the Presbyterian the Baptist and the Methodist and the {NW} Christ- Central Christian. #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Okay # If somebody becomes a member you'd say he 853: A member of The Methodist or the Baptist? Interviewer: Okay if you're going to become a member next Sunday you say next Sunday I'm going to 853: Join the church. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh and in church they pray to 853: God. Interviewer: Okay uh and the preacher you might say delivered a fine 853: Sermon. Interviewer: Okay and uh the choir and the organist provided good 853: Music. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one Sunday you might say we better hurry up or church will be over 853: Before we can get there. Interviewer: Okay um what did people used to tell children would come and get them if they weren't good? 853: Booger. Interviewer: {NW} 853: You know what {NS} I think that's the cruelest thing I never would allow that. Interviewer: But you know when when I heard it one of my parents didn't tell me it was other kids. 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Older kids. 853: Yeah Interviewer: Always you know older. 853: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Kids # Always did 853: Well I never would allow that my John's family did that my family didn't. Interviewer: I don't think it's good. 853: You know what my they'd grab you off and set you in their lap {NW} and sit down and talk to you and tell you. Now that's not right that's a sin for you to {NW} take your brother's candy or whatever you {NW} stealing it's just as bad to steal from your brother as it is to steal from a stranger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And uh You know whatever they'd get why if they had pencils. Maybe some of them wouldn't take care of them they'd just sharpen theirs away you know and everything. Well you'd get theirs and {NW} put it with your sharpener my brothers did. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And Papa would say now it's just as bad to steal from your brother Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: As it is from the Smith boys over yonder or the Hopkins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: You don't do that. Interviewer: That's right. 853: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Um # What do you call that old fellow that they you just see pictures of him with horns and pitchfork? 853: The devil. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 853: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now is he the same as the booger man? 853: Yeah that's what we considered. Interviewer: Uh-huh the same thing. 853: Uh-huh. {NW} If you'd if they tell the booger man is going to get you you'd? Think of the devil. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay uh what is it that people think they see around a graveyard at night? 853: Oh. Interviewer: They think they see it. 853: Ghost. Interviewer: Okay what would you call a house that had those things in it? 853: Haunted. {NW} Interviewer: Uh uh in the morning if you went outside and it was kind of cold you know you might say better put on a sweater it's getting 853: Chilly out there. Interviewer: Okay um what would you say to a friend that you hadn't seen for a long time? 853: Oh I'm so glad to see you. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} Getting stuff I can spit but I have to 853: Oh good. Interviewer: Yeah really uh toward the end it gets that way. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How would you greet somebody about December twenty-fifth? 853: I what? Interviewer: December 25th how would you greet somebody? 853: Christmas gift. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Okay anything else you might say? 853: Happy Christmas. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 853: I guess that might be it. Interviewer: Okay what would you to somebody about January first? 853: Well New Years gift or hi Happy New Year. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Not gift. {NW} Happy new year. Interviewer: Okay uh what would you to somebody by way of appreciation besides thank you you might say well think you I'm much uh? 853: Appreciated. Interviewer: Okay um you might say you have to go downtown to do some? 853: Shopping. Interviewer: Okay and so you went downtown and you bought something and the storekeeper took a piece of paper and he 853: Wrapped it. Interviewer: Okay and when you got home you 853: Unwrapped it and showed it off. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: If the storekeeper was selling something for two dollars that he paid two fifty for he'd be selling at? 853: A bargain. Interviewer: Okay uh 853: Or cheaper. Interviewer: Okay and you might say that sure is a nice dress because I but I can't buy it because it 853: Too high. Interviewer: Okay or it what too much can't buy that because it Hmm? 853: Cost too much. Interviewer: Okay uh time to pay the bill you'd say the bill is 853: Too high. Interviewer: Uh if it's time to pay it? 853: Oh due. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh to stay in good standing in your club you have to pay your 853: Dues. Interviewer: Okay 853: Club dues. Interviewer: Uh if you wanted to cut your grass and you didn't have a lawn mower you might go next door ask to what? 853: Buy a mower. Interviewer: Well just next door just going next door 853: Oh next door I thought you said the store uh. To see if I could get them to cut my grass. Interviewer: Oh okay but you want to do it you just want to use their 853: Borrow their mower. Interviewer: Okay 853: Borrow. Interviewer: Uh you might say in the nineteen thirties money was 853: Scarce. Interviewer: It was huh 853: {NW} I mean. Interviewer: {NW} Uh do you ever have places around here where you can swim did y'all go swimming? 853: {NW} Yes. Interviewer: Did you swim? 853: No no. I'd get in the water with my young one. So I could watch her. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: But John was an excellent swimmer and he tried to teach her and did teach her and she didn't like it and {NW} after she her daughter got grown why she became {NW} one of the dolphins. At uh this uh Y-W-C-A. Interviewer: What's that? 853: And she taught that's the expert swimmers and they had all kinds of uh formations you know {NW} and she taught swimming. Interviewer: Huh that's neat um what do you say what do you call that when somebody jumped off head first 853: Dives Interviewer: Okay uh and if you did it yesterday you'd say yesterday he 853: Dive Dove off Interviewer: Okay and if you dive in the water and you land on your stomach and you hit the water flat 853: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call that 853: Belly dive Interviewer: Okay uh and you might say the kids are out on the grass turning 853: Somersault Interviewer: Okay and uh if you buy something or pay your bills sometimes the storekeeper will give you a little something extra 853: Uh-huh Interviewer: What do you call that something extra 853: They got a prize Interviewer: #1 Okay # 853: #2 From # Paying your bill on time or Interviewer: Anybody ever do that around here 853: Used to but not anymore Interviewer: Yeah 853: No You don't get your money's worth #1 Half the time # Interviewer: #2 Yeah really # Uh {NW} 853: No uh at my grocery store I trade by the month Interviewer: Mm-hmm 853: Not many places you can do that Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 853: #2 You know # But I've been trading Well Nearly fifty years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 853: From this same family Now They're this one's daddy And this one went to school with my daughter Interviewer: Hmm 853: Still runs it see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 853: And uh He'll always say get you some chewing gum {X} {B} Get you And he will uh You know If there's anybody in there I'll get my three packets of gum Interviewer: {NW} 853: And sometimes he'll say {NW} Say Uh Here I want you to taste these these the best apples we've had in a long time Interviewer: Oh that's nice when somebody will tell you 853: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {NW} Seems like half the time with produce you buy it you can't always tell if it's going to be good or not 853: But you know he told me I said Marvin you shouldn't do that I I get full face value for my money. He said I know it but I know what you do with your money too. He said I know you've got one old lady that you nearly feed. Half of your grocery bill goes to her. Interviewer: This the lady next door over here. 853: No {NW} I did. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: She gets a pretty good income now. {NW} I kept after her until she gets her veterans and she gets his social security. Interviewer: That's good. 853: And then I took her down and made her take that boy as a dependent. Interviewer: Yeah 853: He's a retarded child. I said you're entitled to it. Interviewer: That's right. 853: She gets three uh pensions now. Interviewer: And he's a growing man he eats. 853: Sure. Interviewer: What a growing man eats I guess 853: Right and he's fifty odd years old {NW} big fat guy and he eats as much. One meal you and I'd eat two or three. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And uh Marvin says I know what you do with your money. And uh I of course uh We paid the last payment on their house for them. Interviewer: Is that right? 853: Because {X} Got sick and {NW} Couldn't work and Interviewer: Yeah 853: John said now we've got to do something. And he and I'd go over there and cut the yard she'd sit and watch us mow. {NW} Interviewer: Well I think that was awful nice of you all but I don't understand that. 853: {NW} Interviewer: I mean I don't understand her 853: No but uh they it was real good. It it was a good relation because he appreciated it she did too. Interviewer: Yeah yeah 853: Uh she's uh since I've been in the hospital these last two times uh she really looks after me I mean calls. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: You know if I'm not out If she don't see me go get my paper She'll say ms Terrell I didn't see you go get your paper how about Robert bringing it to you? Interviewer: Oh that's nice that's nice um if you can't swim uh you better not go in the water or you might? 853: Drown. Interviewer: Okay and you might say uh just last week somebody? 853: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay and in fact many people had in the same spot 853: Drowned right there. Interviewer: Okay uh what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 853: Crawl. Interviewer: Okay and you might say that sure would be a hard mountain to? 853: Climb. Interviewer: Okay. 853: I've climbed them. Interviewer: You have? {NW} Where have you climbed mountains? 853: Well uh There's two or three pretty high ones in {NW} Arizona. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: And I climbed about halfway up Mount Hood in that Oregon. Interviewer: I'm impressed have you ever been to Mount Scott in Oklahoma? 853: No no. Interviewer: It's not very high. 853: But uh Oh there's some high mountains in Arizona. Interviewer: Uh-huh yeah I bet there are we're going to climb some in Tennessee next week I hope Appalachian Trail goes through where we're going to be 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You get on that and just climb {X} 853: Yeah and we went to I forgot what mountain it was now in Ar- In Arkansas {NW} But we climbed a side of that mountain. Interviewer: In Arkansas? 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Up in the north part? 853: Uh-huh. Interviewer: My grandparents used to live up there in the northwest corner there was a little bitty town called Rogers I don't know if you've ever been to Rogers but Rogers 853: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: It's real pretty up north of Fayetteville you know? 853: {NW} They uh {NW} They have what they call Manzanita. No no uh Hmm Manzanita Bay is in Oregon. Well what's this out from Arizona out from Flagstaff {NW} and you like right straight up and they have ladders built up on the side of that mountain. {NW} And you'd go up there {NW} and go in and that is a thick heavy rock goes extends way back although it's flat back in there too. {NW} But you can go in and out of adobes where the Indians {NW} lived up there. {NW} And there's places where they'd still where they'd have fire {NW} And cook on the fire you know and they'd build tin skillets and pots that they'd cook in. Interviewer: Yeah I've heard of places like that I've never seen a place 853: And I picked up a A Indian pot that they made out of you know clay and stuff you've seen them. Interviewer: Yeah 853: Indian pots and things I've got one up there {NW} I didn't pick it up up there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: But uh I gave {X} That meant it had a little handle and you could tell it had been used. Interviewer: Huh that's neat. 853: I picked it up in up in that {NW} forgot the name of that thing. {NW} We had a picnic {NS} was just beautiful. Interviewer: I wish I could see some place like that. 853: But I'll tell you right now. When you scale that mountain looking right straight up it is right straight up just like putting a ladder up that wall. You feel like you're going to fall backwards. Interviewer: {NW} I can do without that thank you. 853: And then when you got up there getting off that ladder into this hole that went into room. Interviewer: Yeah 853: And then when you come back and had to back {NW} down there and stick your feet and behind out first and oh gracious I forgot I was on this thing. {NW} And uh coming down that ladder was frightening. Interviewer: Indians probably did it everyday you know three or four times a day. 853: Oh yes just Interviewer: Um what kind of uh childhood games did you play when you were a kid? 853: Hopscotch and ring around the Rosie. Interviewer: Uh-huh what else? 853: And baseball always baseball. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: My daddy was a professional player at that time. Interviewer: Is that right? 853: Way back. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: Uh-huh now uh when I say professional {NW} they didn't travel anywhere {NW} but he belonged to a a team that came out of Waco out in the country and got men to play you know. Interviewer: Yeah #1 Yeah huh # 853: #2 And and they'd # Play all over Texas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Then Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Just Papa Ed {NW} Be gone there two or three times playing games you know. Interviewer: Yeah he probably enjoyed that. 853: Oh yes he was a ball he was a pitcher. {NW} Interviewer: When y'all played ring around the Rosie how did you play it there are different ways to play it? 853: I- I really about forgotten but {NW} it's uh ring around the Rosie and squat little Josie. {NW} And the one that squatted last well they had to get in the ring. Interviewer: Oh okay. 853: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh did you ever play hiding games? 853: Hide and seek. Interviewer: Yeah how'd you play that I know there are different ways to play that? 853: Well uh you would we'd take turns I guess we chose {NW} uh you'd be the one who'd have to count. And you'd have to count to so many {NW} we'd set a we'd say count to twenty-five. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And then I'd run and hide all the rest would run and hide. {NW} And you'd find them. {NW} Well if I beat you back to the base Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: Well then uh I didn't have to count you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: And the one that you caught and if you didn't catch nobody you just had to keep counting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: Until everybody somebody got caught. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Well what do you call that person who was doing the looking? 853: That what? Interviewer: What do you call that person who was doing the looking who had to count did you have a name for that person? 853: Well no you're the you're the one. Interviewer: Okay. 853: You're the one you got to count. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay uh let's see the little child was singing his prayers you'd say he went over beside his bed and? 853: Knelt down. Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say I feel pretty tired I think I'll go to the couch and? 853: Take a nap. Interviewer: Okay uh you might say he really was he couldn't even sit up he just what in bed all day? 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Just 853: Just limber or sleep in the bed {NW} laying in the bed all day. Interviewer: Okay and uh a lot of times at night after you go to sleep you you what? 853: Just lay awake. Interviewer: Well okay after you go to sleep though things that you see in your sleep you'd say you? 853: Dream. Interviewer: Okay and you might say I can't remember what I have? 853: Dreamed. Interviewer: Okay uh did you dream anything last night? 853: Yeah I did and what did I dream. Interviewer: I did but I don't remember what it was. 853: I did too and I I remember my brother was there. And I didn't know he was going to be there I was in a crowd. I don't remember. But seemed like it was out in the front yard. Interviewer: I think I dreamed that I got lost. 853: That was a bad omen. If they were out in my front yard. Interviewer: #1 Why is that bad? # 853: #2 Because # They always Gather here for funerals and if a cousin or anybody dies well {NW} I send flowers and notify the family and they come up {NW} and they stay here. Interviewer: Huh 853: And the men will stand out in the yard and talk and {NW} go around and look around and Interviewer: Well did they come here for weddings maybe it was a good omen? 853: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 853: We don't have any weddings. #1 Anymore # Interviewer: #2 Oh well # 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh you might say I dreamed I was falling but just as I was about to hit the ground I 853: Woke up. Interviewer: Okay uh if a kid was going through the house going. {NS} 853: Stomping Interviewer: Okay thing's rattling um if you are uh driving your car home from a party and you see a friend walking you might stop and say hey can I? 853: Give you a lift. Interviewer: Okay and uh to get a boat up on the land you tie a rope to it and what? 853: Pull it out of the Interviewer: Okay #1 And if your # 853: #2 Water # Interviewer: Car gets stuck in the mud you might have to have somebody give you a 853: Pull it out. Interviewer: Well #1 Or a # 853: #2 {X} # Boost or bump. {NW} Push it out. Interviewer: Okay ever had that happen? 853: Oh yes yes. Interviewer: What happened? 853: My daddy always uh they every Sunday they'd come here. Interviewer: Yeah 853: And then he'd want to go riding. Interviewer: Yeah 853: And at that time we didn't have too many roads you know good roads. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: And he'd want to go down here and go through and go down {NW} the old Springfield road or the old {X} Road. {NW} And to walk in the bottom over in there was always muddy. Interviewer: Yeah 853: And mama would say now papa you're going to get down here and going to get John stuck. We'd get stuck and then we'd have to hunt a farmer to come with his mules and pull us out. And papa'd always make some kind of an excuse. Interviewer: {NW} 853: Yes yeah we {D: used stick} Interviewer: Uh 853: Stuck on this road too. Interviewer: Oh really? 853: It was a real {NW} It was the only road we didn't have this back here. That this one back here hadn't been there many years. Interviewer: Oh is that right? 853: But this was a came right out of Elms street across the bridge. You know the {X} come right straight on out this. It'll lead you right out here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: And go right on out and now then you've been to into this Highway back here. {NW} And this is what they call of course the Ghana highway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 853: This was the old {X} Road Interviewer: Yeah yeah um say you have a sack of groceries and you didn't have your car so you had to pick them up and? 853: Carry them. Interviewer: Okay um you might tell a child that stove is very hot so don't? 853: Touch. Interviewer: Okay uh if you wanted something that was in in the other room on a table you might say to a child would you go in there and and get that knife or whatever it was and? 853: Bring it to me. Interviewer: Okay. 853: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # {NS} If you were about to punish a child he might say to you oh please give me another? 853: Chance. Interviewer: Okay uh somebody who's always got a smile on his face and a pleasant word for everybody you'd say he always seems to be in a 853: Such a good mood. Interviewer: Okay uh 853: Or humor. Interviewer: Okay uh if the doorbell rang you'd say where's that pesky salesman wait until I do what with him? 853: Get rid of him. Interviewer: Okay {NW} Uh you might say that old so and so didn't know what was going on but he really knew what was going on but he? 853: Let on like he didn't. Interviewer: Okay uh 853: Pretended. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: If a if a boy left his best pencil on his desk at school and he came back and it wasn't there you'd say I bet somebody? 853: Stole my pencil. Interviewer: Okay uh 853: You always got somebody to lay on something onto you know. Interviewer: Yeah that's right um if you um if you sent somebody a letter you might say well it's about time I was getting that? 853: Answer. Interviewer: Okay uh do you write many letters? 853: Good many. Interviewer: Yeah do you like writing letters? 853: I don't. I used to. Interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah # 853: #2 {NW} # But I write to my brothers. Two brothers. Interviewer: Yeah 853: I'm the only one that ever had Interviewer: Mm-hmm 853: But I write to them every week or two. Interviewer: Yeah 853: And then if I don't hear from them I call them. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: Talk to them. Interviewer: You might say Just yesterday I what a letter? 853: Wrote a letter. Interviewer: What? 853: Wrote a letter. Interviewer: Okay and uh let's see in fact I have what three this week? 853: Have what? Interviewer: I have something three this week I have Hmm three letters this week. 853: {NS} Three Letters to write this week. Interviewer: Okay but I have what would be the next word three letters I have. 853: Answered. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Or answered three letters this week. Interviewer: Alright 853: I guess. Interviewer: Uh if you're writing a letter you you put the letter in and you turn the envelope over and then you what? 853: Address it Interviewer: Okay and you might say I know he lives in Houston but I don't know his exact 853: Box number Interviewer: Okay uh things that children play with you'd call? 853: Toys. Interviewer: What? 853: Toys. Interviewer: Okay and uh did you ever use the word play-pretty? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as a toy? 853: Right. Interviewer: Well a little truck a toy truck would that be a play pretty? 853: Yeah go in yonder and get your play-pretties and bring them in here. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Anything that was in a box. Mine always put hers away. Interviewer: Yeah. 853: From the time she was big enough I'd say now put your play-pretties up and put them in the box and mother will put them in the closet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 853: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 That's good # She did that. 853: Go in yonder and get your play-pretties. {NS} Interviewer: You might say you can't drive through there the highway department's got their machines there and the roads are all. 853: Blocked. Interviewer: Okay uh 853: Torn up. Interviewer: Okay and um if you gave somebody a bracelet but you were just sitting there looking at it you know might say well don't just look at it go ahead and? 853: Put it on. Interviewer: Okay uh 853: {NW} Interviewer: You might say every time those two boys got together they would 853: Fighting. Interviewer: Okay and yesterday in fact they 853: They what? Interviewer: In fact yesterday they 853: Had a fight. Interviewer: Okay uh and you might say she took a big knife and she 853: Hacked him. Hit him cut him stabbed him. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: All that. {NW} 853: All that either one I guess will do Interviewer: Yeah say a teacher comes in and there's a funny picture on the blackboard she'd say okay who 853: Drew that picture. Interviewer: Okay and if you were going to lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you'd take a a pulley blocks and a rope to 853: Hoist it. Interviewer: Okay and let's see {NS} Okay would you count from one to twenty for me slowly. 853: One to what Interviewer: Twenty 853: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty Interviewer: Okay and the number 853: {NW} Interviewer: After twenty-nine is 853: Thirty Interviewer: And the number after thirty-nine is 853: Forty Interviewer: And after sixty-nine 853: Seventy Interviewer: And after ninety-nine 853: A hundred Interviewer: And ten times a hundred would be 853: Thousand Interviewer: And ten times a hundred thousand is 853: Ten thousand Interviewer: Okay more than that 853: Twenty thousand Interviewer: Well past the thousands you have that man is so rich he's a 853: Millionaire. Interviewer: Okay uh say you had a line of people and the last person was the eleventh person so the person in front of him would be the? 853: Tenth. Interviewer: Okay and the one in front of him would be the 853: Ninth. Interviewer: And in front of hims 853: Eighth. Interviewer: And then in front of him 853: Seventh. Interviewer: And then 853: Sixth. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: Five. Interviewer: Uh no he'd be the sixth man and the next would be the 853: Five Interviewer: The the what man 853: Fifth. Interviewer: Okay and the next would be the 853: Fourth. Interviewer: Uh-huh and then 853: Third. Interviewer: Uh-huh 853: Second. Interviewer: Okay 853: And one. Interviewer: Uh after the second would be the 853: One. Interviewer: The you'd say 853: First man. Interviewer: Okay #1 Uh # 853: #2 You know # Interviewer: {NW} 853: Something Interviewer: {NW} And uh sometimes you feel like good luck comes just a little at a time but bad luck comes what? 853: Ins- All in a A little bad luck Luck comes in Swarms or Interviewer: Okay or it comes all at 853: One time Interviewer: Okay and uh name the months of the year for me #1 Any order # 853: #2 Janu- # {NW} January February March April May June {NW} July August September October November December Interviewer: Okay and the days of the week 853: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday and Sunday Interviewer: Okay and if you meet someone about eleven o'clock in the daytime you'd what would you say to them? 853: Morning Good morning. Interviewer: Okay and after you stopped saying good morning what do you say? 853: E- Afternoon Interviewer: Okay and how long does afternoon last? 853: Until six P M. Interviewer: Okay and then after that what do you say? 853: Evening. Interviewer: Okay and uh how would you greet somebody besides just hello that you could say any time of day? 853: Well you you'd just say howdy. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Or hello Howdy do Interviewer: Okay um what would you say when you're saying goodbye when you leave somebody's house after dark? 853: Well bye bye. Interviewer: Okay anything besides just goodbye? 853: Well you could say well goodnight I'm going to say goodnight. Interviewer: Okay okay if you start to work before daylight you'd say we started to work before sun? 853: Rise Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say uh we started before sunrise and we worked until after 853: Dark. Interviewer: Okay or after sun 853: {NW} Set. Interviewer: Okay uh and this morning when we got out to work the sun had already? 853: Risen. Interviewer: Okay and and yesterday in fact uh it what about the same time 853: Arose about Rose about the same time. Interviewer: Okay what day is it is this Thursday? 853: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay so today is Thursday then Wednesday was Thursday is today Wednesday was 853: Yesterday Interviewer: And {NS} Interviewer: Okay it's not doing anything wrong this time 853: {NW} Interviewer: Um okay oh yeah let me do this just in case we missed it a second ago uh to- yes- um Thursday is today and so Wednesday was 853: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Friday is 853: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody came to see you on a Sunday but it wasn't last Sunday but it was the Sunday before that you'd say he came to see me? 853: Sunday's a week ago. Interviewer: Okay and if he's going to come see you but not next Sunday but the one after that you'd see he's coming to see me? 853: Sunday after next. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody came and stayed here from about the first of the month to about the fifteenth of the month you'd say they stayed about a? 853: Month and a half. Interviewer: Okay uh how would you ask somebody uh time? 853: Would you give me the time please? Interviewer: Okay and somebody'd look at his? 853: His watch. Interviewer: Okay and uh halfway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say it's half? 853: Past. Interviewer: Okay and fifteen minutes later would be? 853: Forty-five minutes. {X} Interviewer: It would be what now? 853: Forty-five minutes until or after. Interviewer: Okay uh would you ever say a quarter? 853: Quarter until eight or Quarter until whatever Interviewer: Uh and if nineteen seventy let's see nineteen seventy-six was last year then nineteen seventy-seven is. 853: This year. Interviewer: Okay and uh if a child had just had his third birthday you'd say he is. 853: Three years old. Interviewer: Okay and if something happened on this day last year you'd have to say it happened exactly a 853: a year ago. Interviewer: Okay and you might look up at the cloud at the sky and say I don't like the the looks of those black 853: Clouds. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you look up at the sky and there are no clouds around then you might say well I believe we're going to have a 853: Clear day. Interviewer: Okay or if it's the opposite and a bunch of clouds you might say well I I bet it's going to be a 853: Rainy day. Interviewer: Okay 853: Or cloudy day. Interviewer: And uh say the clouds are getting thicker and thicker and you figure maybe it's going to rain you might say the weather is? 853: Unsettled. Interviewer: Okay and say that uh it's been cloudy but the clouds are going away and the sun's coming out you'd say the weather is? 853: Going to be nice. Interviewer: Okay um 853: Clear. Nice and clear. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: Um say you had a big rainstorm and there was a lot of lightning and stuff with it what kind of a storm would you call that? 853: A electrical storm. Interviewer: Okay uh let's see say you uh hung some clothes up on the line and you come out and they're all over the ground you'd say well the wind must have? 853: Come up. Interviewer: Okay and do what? 853: Blew them. Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say well the wind was pretty bad last night but it has what before even harder? 853: Calmed down. Interviewer: Uh 853: No. Interviewer: But before in other years it has what even worse? 853: Blown worse than that. Interviewer: Okay and if the wind is coming from that direction? 853: West. Interviewer: I blew it that direction 853: South. Interviewer: Okay. 853: {NW} Interviewer: You say it's coming you say the wind is what if it's? 853: Coming from the south. Interviewer: Okay 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh a wind halfway between the south and the west you call uh? 853: Southwest. Interviewer: Okay and halfway between the south and the east? 853: Southeast. Interviewer: Okay and halfway between the east and the north? 853: Northeast. Interviewer: And between the west and the north? 853: Northwest. Interviewer: Okay and if you go outside and it's raining but just barely just barely raining you'd say it's? 853: Sprinkling. Interviewer: Okay and it's raining a little harder that's a? 853: Little shower. Interviewer: Okay and harder than that? 853: Raining right down. Interviewer: Okay and even harder than that real hard? 853: Just a downpour. Interviewer: Okay 853: {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you go out in the morning excuse me and there's this heavy white mist and you can hardly see across the street you'd say? 853: Foggy. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call that stuff that makes it foggy you say here comes the 853: Fog. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh if it hadn't rained for weeks and weeks 853: {NW} Interviewer: You're having a 853: Dry spell. Interviewer: Okay and if it 853: Drought. {NW} Interviewer: What's the difference between a drought and a dry spell? 853: Nothing. Interviewer: Uh if the wind has been very gentle but it's gradually getting stronger and stronger and stronger you'd say the wind is? 853: Getting up. Interviewer: Okay and if it's just the opposite and the wind has been strong and it's gradually getting weaker and weaker and weaker you'd say the wind is? 853: Kind of laying. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} Last night if it was just cold enough to kill the tomatoes and the flowers you'd say we had a 853: Frost. Interviewer: I wish 853: A what? Interviewer: I wish. 853: Yes I do too. {NW} I like winter. Interviewer: Yeah I do too. #1 I wish we had # 853: #2 {X} # Interviewer: More of it I don't think I want quite as much as we had last winter but 853: {NW} Interviewer: Last winter was a bit much. 853: It was pretty bad. Interviewer: Yeah 853: Steady constant I mean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah it was I didn't take all my plants in from outside wasn't supposed to freeze but it did and it killed my plants. 853: I'm telling you. {NW} Interviewer: Uh 853: {NW} Interviewer: You might say last night it was so cold the lake did what? 853: Froze over. Interviewer: Okay and 853: {NW} Interviewer: Speaking of rooms and their height you'd say this room is about eight what? 853: Feet. Interviewer: Okay. 853: Uh-huh eight feet high {NS} {C: audio ends} Interviewer: {X} Tell me about what's your full name? 856C: My full name is Leonard {B} My mother was {B} And Leonard they named me after th- the doctor that delivered me. Doctor Leonard {B} Interviewer: And um where were you born sir #1 sir? # 856C: #2 I was # born seven miles southwest of Huntsville on a farm of eight hundred acre farm of my grandfather's. Up in this two story house. Interviewer: And what's your age now? 856C: I'm aged seventy-three was on the fourteenth day of February. I was born in nineteen oh three. February fourt- Valentine's day. Interviewer: Okay and what's your address here in Huntsville? 856C: My address here is just apartment uh hillside apartment room {B} Huntsville Texas. Interviewer: But this hasn't been your address for very #1 long? # 856C: #2 No # it hasn't. Just for the last two years. I've my just all my life been out on route two {D: by} {B} Huntsville on my farm. I stay alone. Interviewer: The farm you were born on? 856C: Farm I was born on. Yes sir. Interviewer: Now I know you're retired now so what did you do before you retired? 856C: Farmed. I farmed uh had negro labor all my life. I gave em sixty cents a day for working fifty cents a day for labor. And then after about two years I raised it to sixty cents. I was the first man in the country to raise labor. I raised worked them in a cotton field you know. Farmer of cotton. And gave em thirty cents a hundred for picking and sixty cents a day for labor. Interviewer: Yes sir. That that that sounds interesting. What's your religion sir? 856C: Methodist. Interviewer: And the other day when I was here you were telling me about some of the interesting schools you went to around here. Where did you start off school? 856C: I started off school there next to my uncle Gus's store. He later you know he lived {D: above above} from my father you know. A little schoolhouse right up there by the Methodist church. One room school. And I think there was about seven in the class. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Yeah. Pull that. Interviewer: Thank you. Uh that's did that have did that #1 school have a name? # 856C: #2 Mm-hmm. # {NW} No it was called a {D: baron} school. Interviewer: Called a {D: battle} #1 school? # 856C: #2 {D: Battle} school. # Interviewer: How long were you in in school there? 856C: Well I went to school there about two year. And then from there I went to possum walk seven miles from there on horseback every day. And I graduated in nineteen seventeen at that bath high school down in possum walk. Interviewer: Bath high #1 school? # 856C: #2 Bath # high school in possum walk. Interviewer: Is possum walk a a town? 856C: It's a little community. It were a store down there in those days. The schoolhouse and the church. And several families lived there. Fifteen to twenty families lived there. There was a cemetery there and everything. Interviewer: And how old were you when you graduated from there? 856C: I was seventeen. Interviewer: And then you went to? 856C: Went to Sam Houston normal normal here and there is Sam Hous- {NW} university now. But it was normal then. Interviewer: And how long were you there? 856C: I went there two and a half year. And I got mad at my professor cause he gave me a D in that course cause I didn't have a notebook. On dairying you know and farming I knew all about it. Didn't ha- and I didn't have no notebook. And he gave me a D on notebook. I got mad and quit. {X} They did give me a certificate to teach five years school though. Interviewer: That's uh did you ever teach? 856C: Never did teach. Interviewer: What were you going to major in there? 856C: Farming. Interviewer: #1 What was that? # 856C: #2 Agriculture. # Agriculture. Interviewer: And {NW} tell me about your parents. Where were they born? 856C: My my parents was born my mother was going to college here when my father {D: owned a} {B} farm out here where I was born and raised. Married. Married judge {B} daughter. And he lived at Cleveland. So they married and they had three children. Two sisters and myself. Interviewer: #1 They were? # 856C: #2 But # they was he was a roaming kind of man and they had to finally divorce. And they gave me to my uncle Gus. Interviewer: So your m- your mother was born over in Cleveland? 856C: My mother was born in Cleveland. Interviewer: #1 And your? # 856C: #2 Her # father her father was bear hunting district judge. He was a district judge and they called him bear hunting judge Hightower. He was born in Big Thicket over there. He lived in Big Thicket. Interviewer: Yes sir. What's the Big Thicket like? I've never been over #1 there. # 856C: #2 Well the # Big Thicket is just a s- solid sheet of wood for miles. Nobody around at all. So the doctor said that he had tuberculosis so he moved down to Cleveland. Thinking he'd get well. And get moving in the Big Thicket and sure enough he did get well. He didn't have no tuberculosis. Consumption they called it. And he raised I think nineteen children. {X} married four times. His three wives died and his last one he had nine by his last wife and ten by his first three wives. Interviewer: That's a big family. 856C: That's a big family. Interviewer: {NW} And your father was born out here #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Out there on the # {B} farm. Seven miles southwest of Huntsville. Interviewer: Now did your parents ever go to school? 856C: No. They didn't have no good school. They come up here {D: just} college here and went there till they got tired and quit. My father never had no degree from college. Interviewer: But he went to college? 856C: He went to college. They all my my grandfather was well financially fixed. He had eight children. And he wanted to give em all an education but some of em you know how they are. They just don't want no education. They'd rather chase women and roam around you know. So my father happened to be one of those kind. Interviewer: What about your mother? Did she go to school ever? 856C: Yeah she went to Sam Houston normal here. Came from Cleveland up here and boarded here in a boarding house {D: single tier} house. Boarded in the {D: single tier} house for girls. That's where my father met her. Interviewer: Then they got married here. 856C: Yeah they got married. Sh- she came from a large family and then {D: an old} family. My grandfather was a district judge for forty years there. And then my grandfather {B} {D: big man of the} working convicts so they just decided they'd marry you know. But they never did get along. Interviewer: What did your father do? 856C: My father was traveling salesman. Traveling salesman. Interviewer: Where where did he work around? 856C: Well he worked for different companies selling dried goods and stuff like that you know. But he was normally he was a traveling salesman. But he wouldn't stick to no job very long. Interviewer: And what about your mother? 856C: My mother tried to make a home for us all but y- he was a roaming kind of a man you know and he never would settle down. So she had to finally divorce him. And they gave me to my uncle Gus {B} my m- daddy's brother. Interviewer: How old were you then? 856C: I was uh I was about twelve years old when they gave me to him. Interviewer: Tell me about that. About about living with him. 856C: Well I lived there with him until nineteen twenty-three. And I married. I farmed all of that time you know. I farmed with negro labor you know and raised cotton. And he gave me everything I made. He didn't charge me no rent for the land and stuff. He was well financially fixed himself. So I met my wife and we married. She was going to college up here and I was going to college too. So we married in nineteen hundred and twenty-three. We we uh {X} our fiftieth anniversary. {D: Here was our fiftieth anniversary.} Interviewer: Yes sir. That's a that's a nice little picture there of your. 856C: July the twenty-third {X} twenty-third nineteen hundred Now I had uh now you was talking about the slave convicts well he didn't own em now he they was working for the day for him then cause slavery done dispersed. {D: Went that and got the} gun now was uncle Wilson. {X} down there. Well he was they was ex convicts uh ex slaves. Interviewer: Uh uh your uncle Gus? 856C: No they wasn't they was {X} Some of the families they after they'd dismissed slave slavery they just went to roaming hunting jobs you know. But uh I'm from a large family of {B} too my mother {X} {B} {X} they owned fifty slaves out there in that country. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: They worked {X} the lands. Interviewer: Tell me about uh uh how do you have you ever do you like to travel sir? 856C: No sir I don't like traveling. Interviewer: Have you ever done much traveling? 856C: Well right smart and never have neither. I've g- I have never been no place much. Interviewer: #1 Tell me about where. # 856C: #2 I've # been to Oklahoma to see my mother. They live in Oklahoma. My mother and two sisters. They s- my mother is ninety-eighty years old. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Still living. And I've been to Houston. Course I've been to Oklahoma. And that's about far as I've been. I've been right here. Settled down. Interviewer: Uh do you belong to any men's clubs or anything #1 here? # 856C: #2 No sir. # I don't belong uh have had the letters from em. Chamber of commerce and all want me to join em and I never did join. Interviewer: And tell me about uh some of the people you worked with uh when you were when you were farming. 856C: Well I never did work with any of em. Just negro labor all I had you know. And of course I'd make my cotton in nineteen nineteen it rained all year and it made a complete failure. And then I went on to college. And decided I'd get my college degree there. And I'd just about got it to where I got mad cause I didn't bring in my notebook on that cursed dairying. {X} The professor want you to judge a good dairy cow by {D: wet shape cow. Wet shape} you know. There was a head up there and it comes on out here you know {D: its wet shape.} I didn't have no notebook {D: for that effect my stuff} and he gave me a D just cause I didn't bring up a notebook. And I quit. I knew more about farming than he did. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: And dairying. Interviewer: Yes sir. And so you your mother's father you say was district #1 judge? # 856C: #2 District # judge {B} liberty county for forty years. Interviewer: Was he born over in liberty county? 856C: No he wasn't born there. I don't know where he was born at. He uh well I do know where he was born too. He was born out here west of Huntsville. One mile from my grandfather {B} {D: place.} They owned uh they they had fifteen hundred acres {B} {X} And had large bunch of children. And my grandfather was one of those {D: friends of that} family. Interviewer: And what about your uh your grandmother? Your mother's mother. Uh do you #1 did? # 856C: #2 I don't # never did she died when sh- my mother was three years old. I never did remember. Interviewer: So you don't know where she #1 was born? # 856C: #2 No. # I know where she's buried at. She's buried in Cleveland where {D: my} grandpa {B} him and his three wives. His well well his four wives now. The last wife died here about six years ago. He had four wives. Interviewer: Four. 856C: Married four times. Interviewer: What about your father's family? Tell me about #1 your father's family. # 856C: #2 Well my # father's family {NW} had they had uh eight children. And um two girls and six boys. One of the boys was killed accidentally on a deer hunt when a man thought shot him and thought he was a deer walking through the thicket brush brushes {D: genuine} you know. One of my one of my bro- father's brothers was killed accidentally that way. And then the rest of em went to school here. One of em married a lawyer who's uh who's child is county judge here today. Amos {B} He's my first cousin. County judge. Been county judge for twenty years. Interviewer: I didn't know that was your first cousin. 856C: Yeah he's my first cousin. My father's his mother and my father was brother and sister. Interviewer: What uh where do you think your father's parents were born? 856C: Alabama. Interviewer: #1 Both of em are? # 856C: #2 They # came from Alabama in in eighteen um about eighteen sixty. Something like that now. I don't I wouldn't exactly put the date down on it. Interviewer: So were they married when they came to Texas? 856C: They came with a uncle and aunt. They was young children when they came to Texas. The came in the nineteen eighteen forty-seven. That's when they came. They came in eighteen forty-seven to Texas. And he married one of the Randolphs who lived out there daughter. Prominent family. Randolphs was a prominent family. So. Interviewer: So your grandmother was born? 856C: Born out there. She was born out there. And when the {B} moved in when they went to courting and going with one another so he married Natalie {B} {X} {B} my grandfather. {D: Reggie} {B} And then after he married he went into lease contract with the state for convict women. He had eight hundred acres of land. His uncle and aunt had died and left it to him. So he moved to working convict women and about three or four negro men was in the bunch. He g- kept em there a long time 'til nineteen eight. He worked em 'til nineteen eight and then they took em back and had place for em a cell. Interviewer: And tell me about your wife. 856C: My wife was born in Tennessee. Interviewer: And how did how did y'all meet uh did #1 did you? # 856C: #2 Going to # school here. Interviewer: Did she come from Tennessee to sch- to go to school here? 856C: Yeah. She was going to school here but where I met her was a boy told me says bull they called me bull cuz I was a country boy you know {X} tried to bully everybody you know I was a {D: bull and} fighting whip. That's why the country boy {X} want to fight these town boys. They called me says I saw the prettiest girl I ever saw in my life at church last Sunday. Said that you come to church Sunday and I'll show her to you. She'll be back. So I went with him that Sunday. And sure enough he pointed her out too she had a red hat on. {C: crying} And I made a date that Friday night with her and I went with her ever since. {C: crying} Till we till she died. {C: crying} But she never had a date with nobody else nobody but me. {D: Had a standard date.} Interviewer: How old was she when she died? 856C: She was sixty she was seventy-two. Seventy-two years old. Married when she was seventeen. Interviewer: You know it interests me that you lived on the on the farm all your life. 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh do you remember the house that you lived in? 856C: Well it's tore down now but I li- I lived in a log house upstairs. And they phoned for the doctors come deliver me. {C: crying} And then that's where I was born but the house is tore down now. {C: crying} But it was up on the hill on {B} plantation. Not the one I owned there but on my grandfather's plantation. Eight hundred acre {X} he owned. I was born upstairs in a log cabin. Interviewer: Did do you remember what that cabin looked like? 856C: Yeah. I remember the house {X} been just tore down the last twenty years. It was made out of logs and had upstairs to it. Interviewer: So was it one room downstairs and one #1 room upstairs? # 856C: #2 One room # had two room downstairs and one room upstairs. Interviewer: Were they side by side or h- how were they arranged? 856C: They were side by side. The two downstairs. Bedroom and a kitchen. And then the upstairs was another bedroom. Well that's the bedroom I was born in. That upstairs bedroom. Interviewer: Was it like as long as the whole #1 house? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # It was long as the whole thing. Interviewer: Well if uh that interests me I I'm interested in old houses. 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: So if this was if this was the downstairs and these were the two rooms. 856C: Yeah the two rooms. Interviewer: Which one w- was the bedroom and which was the kitchen? 856C: Well this here was the kitchen and this was the bedroom. And then over this bedroom here they had another bedroom. Interviewer: Uh yes sir. All right so this like this? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you call this one the anything different from this one or #1 just? # 856C: #2 No just # upstairs bedroom. Interviewer: Right. 856C: Upstairs bedroom. Interviewer: How'd you get up to those stairs? 856C: I'd walk upstairs. {X} stairway steps leading upstairs. Interviewer: Oh inside? 856C: Yeah inside. Interviewer: But where were they b- between the rooms or where? 856C: Between the rooms. On the porch. It was on the porch and you just walked upstairs from the porch and room Interviewer: Where was the porch? Out here? 856C: Out there. Interviewer: Right there. Was there a porch on this side too? 856C: No. Wasn't no porch on that side. Interviewer: Yes sir. Uh did tell me about that uh that must have been a real old house. 856C: It was. It was a old house. That that's the one they moved {D: in when they hit} Texas in eighteen forty-seven. They moved in that log cabin there. That's the house they lived in until later on my grandfather got in good shape and everything and working convict labor. They had em from about eighteen sixty on and built him a fine white two story home on the hill there. Interviewer: Well this cabin is where you were born. 856C: That cabin is where I was born. Interviewer: Did that porch have a roof on it or or how was it? 856C: Yeah it had a roof on. It had {X} shingles. Wood shingles. Interviewer: So but but you did you did you call it the front porch or just the porch or what? 856C: The front {NW} por- yes we call it the porch. Interviewer: Yes sir. That that is interesting. I I I I like old log cabins #1 like that. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Well I was born in a log cabin. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Upstairs. Interviewer: How'd you heat it? 856C: Well fireplace. Had a fireplace you know. Interviewer: And where was the fireplace? 856C: Fireplace was between the two bedrooms {X} run up on the l- lower bedroom up to the top bedroom {D: on there at the} top of the house. Interviewer: Tell me about that. Wh- how you how you built fires back then. 856C: Well they had the brick you know {D: bricks fill in} circulation for years. The made uh they made a fireplace out of brick. {X} come out uh where the heat did and then on up through the house so it wouldn't catch the house on fire. Well that's the way they bind it with cement and brick. Built the fireplace and you'd put your wood in the fireplace {D: uh in the open place there under the} upstairs and downstairs and you'd have your fire then you know have heat. Interviewer: Tell tell me about that the about the about the fireplace. Uh I mean how how you built the fire. 856C: Build a fire you'd take some wood kindling. Take kindling and wood and start your fire. Pour a little c- coal oil if you wanted to. Get it started fast. Interviewer: So the you used now kindling is that the? 856C: The pine. Little pine. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as light wood? 856C: {NW} Well it's same thing as pine. Interviewer: All right. 856C: Pine wood. But it but it's rich. It it's rich you know. It'll catch flame quick. You've got {X} in it or something I reckon. Kindling {NW} that way. But you'd start your fire in there underneath the in the {NW} fireplace there. And put wood over the top of it cross cross lay it you know where it wouldn't smother out. And directly it'd all get to burning and you'd have a hot room. Interviewer: Did you have anything to hold up your wood with? 856C: Yeah I had {NW} {D: place would put} made out of iron tongs come through. Put your wood on it and if you come on up here in front why it wouldn't fall out and go up that way where all the logs wouldn't wood wouldn't roll off {D: on the fork} Interviewer: So you call those things that held the log the logs up the tongs? 856C: Tongs. Interviewer: I I've never seen those like #1 that. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: That that is interesting. Did well it did you burn a fire a lot of the wintertime or or how #1 how? # 856C: #2 Yeah # burn it all wintertime. Kept it into the night. {X} One thing about it we used to have negroes that on the place and it was p- particularly one old negro every morning at four oh clock he'd come in the house and make fires in in the fireplace. Upstairs and downstairs too. Interviewer: So that kept you warm? 856C: That kept you warm. {X} {B} built a new home two story home. He done the same thing there. Interviewer: Now what was that fireplace like? Did it have a brick part that stuck out in the room in #1 front of it? # 856C: #2 Yeah # stuck out in the room there. So it wouldn't catch none of the fire. Even with a wall they'd all fall {NW} brick would come out even with a wall you know. And then then that would be the hole to put your wood in in the chimney to smoke go out. Interviewer: What'd you call that part that came out in in the in you know what I'm talking about? That brick part that stuck out in the room. 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What was that? # 856C: #2 I don't # know what you'd call it. {X} We just call it the fireplace. Interviewer: Do you ever call it anything like the the hearth or the hearth or anything like that? 856C: No. Interviewer: And did you have a place over it to put things in? 856C: Yeah it had a mantle over it. The clock goes on the mantle uh up over the fireplace. Interviewer: Just like you have? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} Well how did that compare like with uh this house that you live in now? 856C: Well it uh was- wasn't no comparison at all. {X} We we uh we've got central heat here. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Central heat. Interviewer: I'm gonna draw off a little plan of this one place so you can tell me which about this. Uh. 856C: You see here here's open where the heat and w- wind come right there. You either heat it or you either cool it. I've got it on heat now. Interviewer: Did you have heat in your uh in your house you lived in in before you moved? 856C: No. Never had heat. Only the fireplace. Heater. I had a heater before I moved to town. But I didn't have central heat. Interviewer: Well this is sort of a a rough sketch of of this place here. See that's the door over #1 there and then. # 856C: #2 Yeah that's right. # Interviewer: What do you call this room we're in now? 856C: This here's front front room. Front room. Living room. I call this the living room. Interviewer: Yes sir. And what about do you call this anything different over here? 856C: Well that's no just that's breakf- room nook. Nook. Breakfast room. Nook. I reckon. And then that's of course that's the kitchen. And then uh {X} here and here. So you can draw a plan. Now here's a bedroom here. Just now here's a bedroom here and there's a bath here. {C: quiet} And here's my room my bedroom in here. {C: quiet} And here's my bathroom in here. {C: quiet} Interviewer: {X} That's nice. That is nice. So do you call that do you you said that's your #1 what? # 856C: #2 Yeah that's # where me and my wife stayed in that room. Interviewer: So what do you call that that room there? 856C: I call it my room. Interviewer: Now what about that other one do you call it anything? 856C: Company bedroom. When my daughter was here the other day she and her husband you know they slept in that bed there. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. That that this is this is a nice apartment here. How did this compa- kitchen here compare with the one that you had in that log cabin that you lived in when you were a child? 856C: {D: Oh the oh here the difference} wasn't no comparison then. We just had cookstove in there. You burn the wood in the kitchen. And you didn't have no heat other than the cookstove. That's the only heat you had in the kitchen. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. 856C: And had winters there you could look out and everything like that in the kitchen. And had slop pots to put slop in for the hogs. Interviewer: What was that like the what's a slop pot like? 856C: Big can. Big tall can. About this tall. Just pour your slop kitchen Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Dish # washing water in it and things like that. Interviewer: About two feet tall? 856C: About two feet. Interviewer: Big. What was it made out of? 856C: Made out of tin. Made out of tin. Interviewer: And you just poured put all your? 856C: I have a iron pot now that grandpa {D: Biden} had when he was working with convict women. that forty forty gallon pot iron pot he cook wash clothes in it and he'd make a lot of hominy in it and trusty stuff like that. I have one of those pots. Interviewer: Was that does that have a round bottom with #1 legs? # 856C: #2 Round # bottom with legs in it. Three three legs in it. One. Two. Three. Interviewer: And your #1 and you # 856C: #2 You # start your fire under it. {X} Start your fire under it and on the side of it. Interviewer: Would you u- would you build a fire like just like you built for the inside in the fireplace? 856C: Yeah. You'd do a fire just like you'd use for the fireplace. Interviewer: Well you know when you were building those fires in your fireplace did you did you ever have to clean it out? 856C: Oh yeah you'd have to clean out take out the ashes. Interviewer: So you would #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Take em # outdoors and pile em on the trash. Interviewer: And what about this stuff up in do you have a does the chimney ever get stopped up? 856C: No it never did get stopped up. Sometime now they'd wear out and burn out a little bit you know and maybe catch the house on fire. Ours never did do it but where they're well built they won't do it but where they's cheaply put up and everything is dangerous and what setting the house on fire well that fire and smoke going out the top you know. Interviewer: But what is that the what burns up in the chimney that make the fire go out the #1 top? # 856C: #2 Well # {NW} when when you build it out of brick there ain't nothing that burns just soot. Soot and stuff is accumulated layers up from the smoke. Interviewer: And and that's what makes the makes the fire #1 go out? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # That that draft through the chimney {X} air you know pulls it on out the top. Interviewer: Were there any uh factories or anything here when you were a child? 856C: Any what? Interviewer: Any factories. 856C: No wasn't no factory here. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 856C: #2 Only # thing when I was a child was here was the penitentiary system. Interviewer: Well did they have chimneys there? 856C: Oh they they had everything there. Interviewer: Well on a factory if you if if you saw something like the chimney would you call it a chimney on a factory too? Those big? Big uh uh metal things like a factory? 856C: I reckon so. Interviewer: #1 I # 856C: #2 You can # you can distinguish where one built out of a fireplace you know where it w- where it comes out the top of the house you know for four five foot high on the house. So no smoke or no ashes can blow on top of the shingles and stuff. Interviewer: Well what kind of furniture do you have in in that house? What what 856C: Had all s- all kind of furniture. Interviewer: What would you what would that be? 856C: That'd be chairs. Rocking chairs and single chairs I guess. You wouldn't have no couches nothing like that. Interviewer: Would you so you'd call those a couch too? 856C: Call that a couch. Didn't have no couch then. Now I'm talking about now a long time ago. {C: phone ringing} Interviewer: All right. That's interesting. Now you said that this was a a couch? Now do you ever did you ever call the- h- hear these called anything else? 856C: Never have. Interviewer: Anything like a a sofa or? 856C: Well I've heard em called sofas. But I I'd know em as a couch. Interviewer: So anything w- how did would you say something that seats three people maybe or something like #1 that? # 856C: #2 Is a # couch. Interviewer: Um what kind of furniture did you have in your bedroom? At what 856C: You just had a bed and a dresser and um table I mean a table and chairs in there. And then the uh fire had the fireplace with a clock on top of it and that's all you had in the living room. Interviewer: And the dresser. What what was the dresser? 856C: Dresser is what you put clothes in and you use for odd things. Draw- had drawers in it. Interviewer: Did you ever hear those called anything else? 856C: Never have. Interviewer: Well how'd you keep the light out of? 856C: Had curtains. Had curtains to the windows. You'd roll em up and pull em down. Roll em up and pull em down. Interviewer: So they were on rollers? 856C: Yeah they was on rollers. {D: There ain't nothing like that those uh} curtains there now. And I call them curtains but I don't know what's the latest name for em. But um You'd say we drawed them together. But these curtains you had to {NW} sta- start at the bottom and let it catch you know and then it roll u- right on up. Interviewer: And and uh what about uh where'd you keep your hanging up clothes? Did you have a place to keep #1 them? # 856C: #2 Closet. # Had a closet. Put the hanging up clothes. Interviewer: Was that a built in or? 856C: Built in closet. Interviewer: Did you ever see some a piece of furniture maybe that you'd put clothes do you hang clothes in? 856C: I've hear- I've seen a a b- furniture you hang clothes in. I don't know what to call em. There's the name that that they'd call em. That's what I hung my clothes in. Interviewer: What it was a piece of furn- it was #1 movable? # 856C: #2 Piece of # furniture. It had long drawers to it doors to it you know. You open em on bo- both sides. Interviewer: Would you call that something like a a a wardrobe or #1 chifforobe? # 856C: #2 Wardrobe. # Call it a wardrobe. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: That's what you'd call it. Wardrobe. Interviewer: And over the bedroom was there any space over up you know you said there was the first floor and then there was the bedroom abo- over the #1 bedroom. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Was there anything above that? 856C: No it wasn't nothing uh but the second bedroom. That's all that was up there. Interviewer: Anything above the #1 second bedroom? # 856C: #2 N- no # #1 wasn't nothing up there. # Interviewer: #2 Any # storage space #1 or anything? # 856C: #2 N- no # storage space. Interviewer: What about the house that you lived in later on? 856C: Well I I had heater. {D: That} was one I lived in since nineteen forty. That I had heaters for heat. Interviewer: What what did they burn? 856C: They were burning wood. Interviewer: They did? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: What kind of heaters were they? What were they #1 like? # 856C: #2 They was # tin heaters and iron heaters. You know you start your pack your kindling. Start your wood to burn in there. Put a little coal oil on it and it heats heats the room up fast. Interviewer: And so tell me about were there different kinds of those #1 you said? # 856C: #2 Yeah different # kinds. You could get different sizes and different kinds too. Iron and tin heaters. Some of em made out of iron. Some of em made out of heater. But later on now as the years passed on here say for the last twenty years I had butane gas uh heater. Butane heaters you know and gas. I heated uh had uh had me a le- uh a gas cooking stove. Got away from that old wood bin see. {C: knock} Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Come in. Yeah. She cleans up and washes my clothes and everything. Interviewer: Oh she does? Well that's great that she did all that then for you. 856C: Well of course I has to pay her for it you know. Interviewer: But just to have somebody do it for you and not have #1 to do it now. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Now we was on gas stoves now and butane now. And we had a gas cooking stove. We in in other words we go- got away from the wood burning stuff bur- and heating and stuff and went to b- ga- uh butane. Went to gas. Butane. Interviewer: Yes sir. Did you use the butane in the same kind of heater? 856C: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Did? # 856C: #2 Use uh # butane had pipes going to the to the uh stove. It had pipes going to the heaters. Had heaters with cords to em you know you could move em around in the house. Interviewer: {X} 856C: But they had six foot cords to em. And that butane would just {NW} heat those heaters up. {X} Interviewer: Oh yes sir. And that would that would that would heat the house? 856C: Heat the house up. Interviewer: #1 Well when you # 856C: #2 Had # {D: had em in each room.} Had em in each room. Interviewer: When you use those stoves though those wooden heaters that burn wood #1 those # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: w- did you have a different kind in the in the different rooms? 856C: No mostly you wouldn't have em in rooms. You would have em in the in the front room. Bedroom I'd call it. You'd have a large heater in there. But you wouldn't have em in every room. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 But you have # one in a room like #1 this one. # 856C: #2 Have # Interviewer: #1 Would you? # 856C: #2 Yeah # you could have one in a room like this. {NW} We had twenty years ago about twenty-five years ago we started with that butane business. Maybe longer than that. I don't know what year we started burning butane but the theory is that we got away from the wood you know that hard way of making it. Had to cut your wood in the wintertime summertime or winter. And had to pack it into the house you know on the front porch or something and if it's raining you'd just go to your front porch and get some wood and put on the fireplace and stuff. Well that that butane done away with all that see. Just turn on the butane. It's like a match when you you got your fire going. Interviewer: Well when you had those wood heaters would what what kind would you have in in the bathroom say? How would you heat that? 856C: {NW} Bu- wouldn't have no bath heated bathrooms. Interviewer: #1 And would you have? # 856C: #2 You'd have # you wouldn't have no bathroom in uh early days. You bathed in a tub. Interviewer: Oh you did? #1 Tell me about that. # 856C: #2 Was a sink # tub. You know a round tub you see. That's where you put your water in that. You'd heat it on a stove. And get your water hot that way and take a bath in that. Interviewer: Where would you put that? Where would you have the tub? 856C: We'd have the tub in a in a room wherever you gonna take a bath at. We didn't have no bathrooms in those days. Interviewer: And so like #1 would that be? # 856C: #2 We had # closets on the outside of the house you know. Where you could use to go out and pee and dookie and all sorts of stuff {X} Had little wooden closets. Interviewer: Would you ever hear call those closets anything else? 856C: Mm-mm. Only shit houses. Just called em shit houses. Interviewer: And w- in that house you lived in with your wife the first place you lived with your wife where was that? 856C: It was first place I lived with wife was up town here. I w- rented a house where it has convenient things you know. To cook with and everything. And then I'll say twenty-five or thirty years ago I built me a home out there in the country. And we moved out there. Interviewer: So when you built your home in the country did you have a place underneath the roof? A storage place? Up above the above the the ho- rooms of the house? 856C: Had closets. We had closets in each room. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Likely that door there is a closet. You can walk in that closet there and hang clothes and do anything in there. Interviewer: But uh did you have a hole in the ceiling anywhere #1 where you could go up and # 856C: #2 No. # Interviewer: put stuff up #1 above it? # 856C: #2 No sir. # I never had no two story house or nothing. Interviewer: But well I don't mean a two story house but you know if the roof was like this and the ceiling was here did you have a storage place up here? 856C: No sir. Interviewer: Like an attic or #1 a loft? # 856C: #2 No. # We had a attic all right but never kept nothing in it. Just walk up there just to see if anything wrong up there you know with the lights and fire stuff like that. Interviewer: Well when you were a child did they cook in a different place in the wintertime from where they cooked in the summertime? 856C: Yeah. When um {X} same stove when I was a child. Now that's been seventy-three years ago. Interviewer: Well what was that what was that stove like? 856C: It was great big iron stove. Had doors to it you know. It was it co- it cost plenty of money in those days you know. Even considered now. And every well to do family would have a nice cookstove. Interviewer: And so you would you would have #1 what would # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: would it have a a hearth or hearth or anything on it? 856C: No not the cookstove wouldn't. Interviewer: What would? 856C: It wa- it was just on the floor. On the the cookstove. Interviewer: Would you have that thing anywhere though? 856C: No. {X} Interviewer: Did you ever 856C: Just in the kitchens. #1 Cookstove. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Did you ever hear of a hearth or a hearth or #1 anything? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # I've heard of it. Interviewer: What was that? 856C: That uh that's {NW} in the front of a fireplace. Interviewer: What did you call that? 856C: {NW} A hearth. A hearth. What you call it a hearth. Interviewer: And did you ever have a place a little room off the kitchen where you could store canned goods and #1 things like that? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Had a little room. Had closet. Called it a closet. Had a little closet to store canned goods and stuff like that. Interviewer: What about the stuff that you uh uh the s- the stuff that you wanted to like a broken chair or something that you'd that you didn't want to throw away where would you put stuff like that? 856C: Well you'd put in a closet. Put in a closet. Interviewer: Did did you ever hear of having a room for stuff like that? 856C: Well I reckon s- I suppose so. Interviewer: Yes sir. What did you call stuff like that that was just? 856C: Junk. Called it junk. Interviewer: Did you you have any place to put it? 856C: No. Only a room. Put it in a room or closet. If you want to save it. If you didn't you'd just throw it outdoors in the trash pile. Burn it up. Interviewer: How did you keep your house clean then? 856C: We with a broom and a s- a mop and some water. You scrubbed it. Call that scrubbing the house. You scrubbed each floor you know. Interviewer: And then you swept it with a broom? 856C: Swept it with a broo- broom first. Got all the trash and dirt off of it and then mop it with a uh that that big old cotton mop you know. And dipped it in a tub and just scrubbed it. Scrubbed it you know. Interviewer: Would did you ever use a broom outside? Would you? 856C: No. Only sweeping off the front porch. Interviewer: #1 Did you use it # 856C: #2 {NW} # {NW} It wasn't used broom on nothing else. Interviewer: #1 Did you # 856C: #2 Swept. # Interviewer: did you use the same kind of broom on the porch as you did #1 inside? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Same kind of broom. Interviewer: Well now you said that later on your your grandfather was it built the uh a big house big white house #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: How did it what was the uh did it have a porch on there? 856C: Had a porch all the way around it. Interviewer: #1 Did you call it # 856C: #2 Por- # front porch and {X} front porch and {NW} second story too. Interviewer: Call that a porch? 856C: Por- porch. Had a porch all the way around it. Interviewer: Did it have columns or #1 how was it? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # had columns. Had columns out there. Bedrooms upstairs. Same as it did downstairs. And but uh but you'd uh have that porch a- all the way around the house you know. You could just go all the way around the house on the top porch up there. Same way as the bottom porch you know. Interviewer: Did you call it a porch? 856C: Porch. Call it a porch. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called anything else? Like a veranda or gallery or anything like that. 856C: Well I've heard it called gallery. Interviewer: Did you ever call it that? 856C: Well I I was taught to call it a porch. Interviewer: And what kind of outside did it have on it? What kind of what? 856C: It was made out of wood you know and just had {D: covering} all under the the top of the house would be {D: balcony} you know and have a floor there for the for the porch you could walk out of put out chairs out there on it. Do anything you want to. Interviewer: Well the would it wasn't a brick building was you #1 said. It was a wooden. # 856C: #2 No. It was wooden. # Interviewer: So did the boards come one on top of the other like this? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 One on # top of one like that. Interviewer: So the they sort of lap #1 over then? # 856C: #2 Lap over. # Interviewer: What did you call that kind of of of? 856C: I don't know what you'd call that. {NW} I don't know. It'd be a I did know what you'd call it but I don't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Well did you ever hear that called anything like siding or or clapboards or weather boarding #1 anything like that? # 856C: #2 Weather boarding. # I heard it called weather boarding. Interviewer: What about ha- what when the rain came or I guess it hit the roof of #1 the house. # 856C: #2 It it hit # the roof of the house was blowing rain and it blew on the porch. Interviewer: Did it have anything that ran along the edge of the roof to carry the #1 the? # 856C: #2 Water. # had tins tin zinc. Gutters. Call em gutters. They catch the water and let let it go o- one way out or two ways out you know. Interviewer: That would run it off? 856C: Yeah. It run it off. Interviewer: Well did the uh did that house have an ell on it you know? Did it? 856C: No it never had no ell on it. We just had a porch all the way around it. Interviewer: #1 Sounds like. # 856C: #2 Had # four bedrooms upstairs and four bedrooms four four rooms under st- under there. But the kitchen was off the old log cabin right th- right you walk on the gallery to the kitchen where the cookstove was and everything. But this new home we didn't have no cookstove in it. Had a dining room later on a dining room thing like that but we still cooked in the log cabin. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah? # 856C: #2 In the kitchen. # Interviewer: Well how did you get from the first floor to the second floor in #1 in that? # 856C: #2 Well the # stairs. You'd walk upstairs. {X} As you entered the house you'd {X} stairs would be going on up. You'd walk on upstairs get on the top porch. Interviewer: So it was outside too? 856C: It was on the inside. The porch was on the inside. {X} Walking up to the top uh floor. Interviewer: Oh yes. 856C: And after you'd get there it leads you into all the rooms and stuff and you'd {D: have to} {NW} wanted to go into rooms you didn't want to go in rooms you can go on out to the side and a door opens out onto the porch. Interviewer: Well where did uh where did you keep wood for that house to heat the that house? 856C: We kept wood for that house in on the back gallery. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. 856C: And then the wood uh the log kitchen. Kept wood there too. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of just a little building out the #1 {X} # 856C: #2 We had a # fireplace. We had a fireplace to the big house. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. 856C: Had two. One running upstairs and going from the bottom floor there and then one up here going that way. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Well did did did did did you ever did that house have a little shed or some kind of building out in uh in the back to keep wood in? 856C: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of something like that? 856C: Well I've heard of that. Interviewer: What would you call that? 856C: W- wood house. Call it a wood house. Interviewer: And uh tell me about uh what kind of buildings you w- you have around the house. Other than 856C: You'd have little buildings man on my grandfather place I remember having seeing he worked with convict women you know and he's raised large stuff like lots of potatoes and stuff so he had a in his backyard he had five or six rows of houses built rooms built so he could put potatoes and onions in one and cabbage and stuff in another one. That would save em you know. {X} The later on the cook feed the convicts with it. Interviewer: So that's that's where he kept all #1 that? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Called it storehouses. Interviewer: And you he kept a different vegetable in each #1 one? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Kept well sometimes he'd put two if there's large enough you know to hold em you'd you wouldn't have to pile em on one another you'd put one on one side and then one on the other side in the same room. Interviewer: Well now were the did you have uh uh just a big building out there where they'd store all kinds of things? 856C: Yeah. That's what I'm talking about now. Had a big building with different rooms compartments to it. Interviewer: But what what would the what would you call the building? 856C: They called em storerooms. That's what we called em. Interviewer: For the whole building. 856C: The whole room. Storeroom building. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. 856C: Had em numbered. Had a number one two three four five six seven eight. I think he had eight rooms outside in a line. Interviewer: Were the in one building? 856C: In one building. In one building. Interviewer: So it was just one story tall? 856C: One story. Interviewer: What about uh were there what other kind of buildings would you have on a farm? Out there. 856C: That's all you'd have need to have. Uh uh toilet. Toilet on outside. You didn't have a toilet on the inside like now. Bathrooms stuff like that you know. {D: Had none.} Interviewer: Was just that you'd have that big storehouse? 856C: {X} Had that big storehouse to store everything in. Interviewer: Did you have anything like a a a any kind of barn or anything like that? 856C: Oh yeah. He had a barn down at the lot. Interviewer: #1 Oh was it # 856C: #2 Down at # the lot. Interviewer: what was it like? 856C: It was made out of logs. Had shingles on it. Wood shingles and you store your corn in there your hay in there and all sorts of stuff as that. And then it had a side room you'd hang your saddles and bridles and stuff in there. And then put your buggy. Grandpa {D: Barton} had a bur- buggy you know. That's what you traveled in uh before cars come in would be buggies. Wagons and buggies. Interviewer: So you'd ha- you'd have that too. 856C: Yeah. Have that too. Interviewer: Well where where in the barn would you keep the corn? 856C: Anywhere in the barn. Just drive the wagon up and throw it its top and it's land in on the floor down in there. Interviewer: You you didn't call that area anything special? That little #1 area that? # 856C: #2 That # no. Just in the in the c- corn crib. Called it corn crib. Interviewer: And what about uh where did you what kind of did you grow any kind of grain or anything like that? 856C: Oh yeah uh grai- corn. Grew grew corn #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Any # other kinds of grain? 856C: Sorghum. Interviewer: Where did you store something like that? 856C: You'd store that and you'd bathe it and haul it loose too and put in the top of a building. And in the top of the st- c- corn crib. Had a place up there you know. That the floor would be but right right at the door {NW} {D: you you'd} put corn up there and it'd land down on the bottom floor. But if you gonna put something else up there you'd go up there and stack it you know Keep from coming back on the bottom floor cause it had a whole {X} porch up there to put it on. Interviewer: Up up above the corn crib? In the barn? 856C: In the barn. In the b- c- in the corn crib itself. Interviewer: Right. Did you call that anything? That that area up there. 856C: No. Interviewer: {X} The loft or anything #1 like that? # 856C: #2 We call it a loft. # Call it a loft. Interviewer: What about uh hay did you have any #1 kind of # 856C: #2 Yeah. # had hay. Bale hay and stacked stacked it in a hay house. Call that the hay house. Interviewer: A hay house? 856C: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 What was that like? # 856C: It was a building. Just a ordinary building there. {X} Had a good cover on it so it wouldn't leak you know in the wintertime. And we'd bale the hay in the summertime and stack it in there. Interviewer: Was it did it have a walls around it? #1 {X} # 856C: #2 It had # walls around it and everything. Interviewer: And you stacked it in there? 856C: Stacked it in there. Interviewer: In bales or #1 {X} # 856C: #2 In bales. # Interviewer: Did you ever see a {X} if you got the hay house full of something just see see em stack the hay out in in the open? 856C: Oh yeah. I've seen em stack hay out in the open. Interviewer: How? 856C: It it it uh doesn't ruin it neither. It ruins outside a little bit you know. Makes it {D: dark.} But them cows and horses will eat it you know. And finally get holes in it going to the good part where it hadn't rained you know. Interviewer: Well what do you call something like that? Like when you stack it like that. 856C: Well call it I don't know what you'd call it. Call it I don't know what you'd call #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Would you # ever call that something like a a haystack or anything like that? Just outside? 856C: Yeah. Call it a haystack. {X} Interviewer: So w- would that be in bales? Like that? Or #1 just? # 856C: #2 No it # wouldn't be in bales. Interviewer: So you you call it a haystack 856C: A haystack. Interviewer: inside or out #1 but it wasn't a difference. # 856C: #2 Outside. # Interviewer: How did you what what made it stay up like that? Piled up like that. 856C: It's w- the weight of its own self piled. You p- pile hay on one another you know and it'll just stay there. Loose or whatnot. Interviewer: So you didn't have to pile #1 {X} # 856C: #2 No you didn't have # {D: to do it.} Now nowadays we do the same thing. They they bale the hay in there in these great big rolls you know and leave it in out in the field. {D: And turn the cows and in the} wintertime they go to em and eat this rolls of hay. And no top on it. Nothing. Interviewer: Did you ever see a covered haystack? Just #1 where the? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # I've seen a covered haystack. Interviewer: Would you how what would that look like? #1 What would that? # 856C: #2 {X} # Call it a h- covered haystack outs- haystack. {D: Big old} {NW} Put up a lot of hay in there you know and build a top on it so it wouldn't rain on the top you know it broke blow in on the sides now. But it wouldn't come down in big sheets on top. And just p- pile throw it in there throw hay in there baled hay even loose hay {X} Interviewer: So did it have uh four poles or what? 856C: Yeah. #1 It had # Interviewer: #2 And then? # 856C: four poles. Interviewer: And then what kind of 856C: {X} some sometimes {X} make a roof out of pine brush tops or either shingles. {D: And it could go either way you want to.} {X} Pine brush top is cheap when you're making a top on shed though. {C: distorted audio} It'll last a good while. Interviewer: Well when they when they when you first cut the hay what did you do with it then? When you first cut it out in the field. 856C: Leave it out there for a few days for it to cure. {NS} And then break it up and haul it there. {C: distorted audio} Bale it or either haul it in. Interviewer: And when you haul it in you mean that was was that not baled? 856C: Not baled. Interviewer: Did you have to haul rake it into piles or anything or? 856C: Yeah you have to rake it into piles and wind rows. #1 Rake it rake em # Interviewer: #2 What are? # 856C: rake it in wind rows. And then take your wagon and go along with pitchforks and throw it load it up. Load it up. Interviewer: That must have been interesting #1 work. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Well what kind of animals did you have around the farm? 856C: You had horses and mules. Cows. You had hogs. You had hogs in the {C: distorted audio} pen you know. You fed them so you could kill em in the wintertime. Have your meat in the wintertime. Pork. Interviewer: Tell me about how you how you where you kept those. About the horses and mules and cows and things. 856C: Well ke- kept the horses and mules in a runaround now en- enclosed in a building where they could go in when it's raining and on the roof you know shed. Call a shed like thing. And they c- wouldn't get wet you know. The wind was blowing hard and cold in the wintertime well they'd get under that roof you know and then inside under the roof is a building you know you put corn and potatoes or s- hay and stuff all in there. And the horses all were around it you know. Keep the wind from hitting on em. Interviewer: So so that would be that'd be where you kept the horses #1 in the winter. # 856C: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: Would did you and you had a runaround? 856C: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Outside? # What would you what kind of fence did you have to #1 to keep # 856C: #2 Had a # wire fence and then a plank fence. Had two different kinds of fences. Interviewer: Well now what were they like? Uh a wire fence and a #1 plank. # 856C: #2 Wire fence # b- barbed you take barbed wire and and stretch it you know and put your post in the ground and then tack it to it staple it to it. {X} Four wire fence and that keeps cattle from going or coming through. Interviewer: What about the the the the plank fence? What was it like? 856C: Plank fence same way. You built about four four plank high plank fence and then had a gate to it and all . Interviewer: What held the planks up? 856C: Posts. Had posts in the ground. Interviewer: And uh what about the cows? What would you have a shelter for them? 856C: W- well most places would but depends on the cattle you have. Now like today you don't have no shelter for cattle. You've got too many cattle. But you h- do have a shelter for putting your hay and stuff in why you can go out there in the pasture in that shelter and throw out hay and feed the cattle. Interviewer: But what about then? Did you have a shelter then? 856C: Yeah I had a shelter then. Interviewer: What did you call that? It was just? 856C: Hay you'd hay it call it the hay barn. {D: Or the} horse and mule barn. What it was. Interviewer: Well can you that's where the cows would live? 856C: That's where they'd c- come to eat. Interviewer: Did they have a #1 did you ever have a # 856C: #2 {X} # Interviewer: shelter for them to get out of the weather under? 856C: N- well most of the time you didn't. But y- m- you milked cows you did. Interviewer: Oh you did? 856C: {D: We had} milk cows now. Interviewer: What w- 856C: You'd have a shelter for them. Interviewer: what was that? 856C: It was it was plank made out of wood {X} crib like thing. Put the cow feet inside the crib you know and then that top and had stall way all the way around it. They could walk around it and get out under the rain and stuff. Interviewer: What c- what covered it? What what was #1 over it? # 856C: #2 Planks. # {X} Shingles. Shingles covered it. Pine shingles. Interviewer: And so what did you call that anything special? Like? 856C: No. Just the cow cow barn. Interviewer: What about the hogs? You said you had hogs. 856C: Yeah you'd feed hogs {D: with a} why you you'd keep three or four hogs in a pen and feed em slop from the kitchen every day. And then you'd feed em little corn too you know and close to wintertime you'd feed em pretty heavy. Get em fat you know so you could kill em and make sausage and and lard and stuff out of em. Interviewer: Well did you say you kept em in the in the pen? 856C: In a pen. Under a tree. Built a little plank fence under a tree where the shade would be. That tree tree would give em shade you know. Interviewer: Is that the only shelter they #1 had? # 856C: #2 Yeah that's # the only shelter they'd have. Interviewer: Well what about uh uh well if you if you said you kept the you had a cow barn for the for the milk cows? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you have a little place to store to fence em in overnight? #1 Just # 856C: #2 Yeah I # had a place you could fence em in overnight. over the day. Either way. Had a lot you put em in and it's all covered with hay and and cow feed in there. Corn {X} where you'd farm and {D: put it heavy} you'd have ca- corn uh chop up to give your cows a little of it. Just {D: take it here and} chop it in two or three places you know and throw it in a trough out there in the lot there And they could eat that h- co- hay corn too. Interviewer: So would you so you call that the the lot where you #1 {X} # 856C: #2 The lot. # Interviewer: where you keep 856C: Cow lot. Interviewer: where you keep the milk cows #1 over there. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Call that the cow milk lot. Interviewer: Well now in in the milk lot uh what kind of fence was around it? 856C: It had plank fence. Milk lot. Plank fence. Interviewer: And did you have a place like just around the barn where you know where the cows and the mules and and uh horses and animals could walk around? Did you call is that the runaround? 856C: Yeah you'd call that a runaround. Interviewer: And uh what about where you just fed all those animals? 856C: Well you just would have certain places you'd feed. You'd have your horses and mules in one lot. Have your milk cows in another you know. They wouldn't be together. And you'd keep em separated and {X} went out some bad winter days you'd pick out some hay or cut take a axe or a hatchet and cut a ear of corn in two or three chunks you know and put it in the trough there under the shed there where they could eat. Interviewer: Well what w- how did you keep things cool on the farm then? 856C: You didn't keep you'd. Interviewer: Like your milk and things after you'd after you'd milked the cow? 856C: After you'd milked the cows it would be hard. Sometime well to do families would be able to go to town and get a hundred pound block of ice you know every other day or two and bring back and keep it covered up you know and housed up in a little closet they called it. Then put your milk and stuff in there. {X} Ice. But otherwise it'd have to be just a a screen s- s- s- a screen cabinet. Put your crocks of milk in a screen cabinet and close the door on it. Interviewer: What did the screens keep out? 856C: Keep out flies and stuff like that. Interviewer: Well did you ever uh you what kind of farming did you do later on you? 856C: Cotton farm. All I all I've done is cotton farm. Interviewer: Did you ever have milk keep milk cows? 856C: No. I I yeah I've I've had a kept lot but uh I didn't have but two milk cows to milk. I didn't have no shed farm either. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 They run # out in the pasture. They run out in the pasture and they But cow is a funny creature. They'll come up you know ever eat at a certain time. And every morning they want milked and {X} And they'll come back that evening for you to milk em again you know but you feed em a little bit along you know. Interviewer: So you didn't have to ha- keep em sort of fence em off an #1 area or # 856C: #2 No. # Interviewer: pasture or #1 nothing like that? # 856C: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 They they'd # they'd they'd roam anywhere they want to. They'd {C: distorted audio} come back to the cow pen. Call that the cow pen. Interviewer: And and you kept them there when? Just whenever they wanted to be milked overnight or? 856C: {D: Oh well um} overnight {X} want to be milk and fed. Feed em there. Every time they'd come up you'd feed em. Milk em and feed em. And they'd come back every mor- they'd stay in there at night. And you'd go out there next morning at daylight and milk em. Turn em out in the pasture and they'd roam everywhere. And about five or six oh clock that evening here they come back to the cow pen. Interviewer: Tell me about the kind of work you did when you m- when you milked em. What did you do? 856C: Well you had a uh plank built that you set your bucket on. Interviewer: #1 What kind of # 856C: #2 {X} # Interviewer: bucket was it? 856C: It'd be a tin bucket. Be a tin bucket. And then you'd get take a bucket then and and milk the cow. Sit down on your knees right there on the {X} and milk em. I've milked a many a cow that way. Interviewer: Did you have to say anything to the cow to make her move? 856C: No you just say sometimes back your leg back your take her by the hip bone you know and back her leg and she'll back it up. Interviewer: And then you just milked the #1 cow? # 856C: #2 Just # milked the cow. Interviewer: What did you do with the milk once you got it? 856C: Carried it to the house. Interviewer: And then did you have to? 856C: And then strain it. Strain it. And put it in crocks. Interviewer: And did you ever hear of a a people maybe having a little place uh near a stream or some cool place like that to put the milk #1 to try to keep cool? # 856C: #2 Well yeah I've # I've heard of that. Interviewer: And what would you call something like that? 856C: Uh but I don't know I never did have one like that. Or my folks never did. Interviewer: Well a little while ago you mentioned something about dairying? 856C: #1 Dairying. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Tell me about that. About what's a dairy? 856C: Dairying is is milking cows. Making butter. That's that's called dairy. Interviewer: So. 856C: You'd to- put your milk you can milk a cow and put your milk in a crock. And it will skim over you know. All the cream will come to the top. That's where you make your butter. Take that cream off and everything and you can churn the rest of the milk and make your buttermilk. Interviewer: So you take make the butter out of the cream and #1 buttermilk # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: out of the rest of #1 it. # 856C: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: How did you do that? How did you make the butter? 856C: Just strain it strain it off of the milk you know the butter and and churn it a little bit and get it all dried out and nothing but butter fat there and and take it and and have a butter plate pound packages you know one pound whole one {C: distorted audio} pound at a time and then just {X} Interviewer: Well uh w- when you you s- would you say that you were dairying when you were milking the cows? 856C: Well you'd say you uh no. Uh you not we just run a dairy. The w- way they run a dairy now is they's milking maybe a hundred cows now in a dairy. And sending it {X} stores. Bottling it up. Interviewer: So when you speak of a dairy you mean the uh big #1 processing {X} and # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Processing plant. A dairy. Bu- but otherwise no {D: the name would be} cow pen. Out to the cow pen. Interviewer: Well now you said you uh you had cotton. What what kind of work did you do when you when you grew cotton? 856C: Well you broke your land. And along along about um April you'd plant your cotton. Interviewer: What did you break the land with the first #1 time? # 856C: #2 Turning # plows. Called turning plows. And you'd pl- plant your cotton {X} cotton planters. That roll along and pull the horse you know. Had a wheel to it and and the thing would go around around and those cotton seeds would come out and plant. And it had shovels on the back to cover the dirt on top of it. Interviewer: What did you call this thing? Did it make a did it make the land look sort of like that yet? Sort of? 856C: Yeah something like that. {X} it had each one would be a row of its own you know. It'd be about three foot apart. The rows would. Interviewer: Would did you call those what's the place between the rows? 856C: Middle in down in the middles? Place between the rows would be down in the middle. You'd plow you'd run around your cotton that gets up and you'd leave a middle where you'd plow you know you're gonna put half of that dirt in the middle over there. And then on the other side the same way. Well you'd have to after you'd get through the plowing you'd have to {X} middle. Run a sweep down the middle to flatten it out. Look make it look nice. And keep grass from growing too you know. Interviewer: Did grass grow up in it? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: What did you call all that grass out there that grew up in it like that? 856C: Well you'd just poor farming if you if you didn't keep the field clean well you just wasn't going to make nothing. You had to keep your field clean just like you did your bedroom. Interviewer: Well when the when the grass grew up in it what'd you do to it? You'd? 856C: You'd plow it. Interviewer: Did you ever have to well what about did did the plants come up too thick or do you? 856C: Well they they'd come up just like you'd {X} your planter well. {D: You'd have variety} how you want put your cotton seed. Or corn plate. Had corn plates too. And they were spaced with holes in em. Inside the planter and you'd just put your corn inside the top of the planter there. And roll it all roll on the grains would come out. Grains of corn would come out. Spaced out like you want to plant it you know. Interviewer: So did you when the when the plants came up though did you have to cut out some of the plants or? 856C: {X} You've got to chop your corn or chop your cotton. Interviewer: And that's hoeing it? 856C: That's chopping chopping and hoeing. Interviewer: And or is chopping it and hoeing it the same thing? 856C: It well chopping it is first thing you do to it. Chop out your corn. That's thinning it out you know where it come up too thick and same with your cotton. And then later on during the season you're going to have to hoe it. Grass will grow again you know. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 {X} # {X} Takes two hoeing. Takes a hoeing and a planting will keep f- clean field. You got to hoe it after you plant it chop it out. And then hoe it. Interviewer: And the hoeing gets out the? 856C: Last of the grass and stuff. By that time you'd lay it by. You lay your cr- crop by then. Interviewer: What do you mean you lay it by? 856C: You don't work it no more. Wait till it wait till it matures and then get it. Interviewer: Where did you grow the cotton? What did you call? 856C: Cotton field. Interviewer: And what was it like? What was what's a field like for when you #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Field # open land. Fenced. Got a fence around it somewhere well outside there. And it's uh clean. A field is clean. {C: distorted audio} And 856C: {D: what} Interviewer: I asked you what kind of uh plows you had on the 856C: {D: tractor plow and little brushes} and then you had the {D: fruit stocks} {D: you'd call this a} had cultivators you have a vast number of things to plow and cultivate your crop with now but I use mostly single stocks I didn't use no cultivators Interviewer: what do I don't understand the difference like what's the term you know that's like in the middle stirring up 856C: turning plows uh if I'm w- wedged instrument with a wing on the right side of it and the point goes into the ground and turns that dirt over that's uh that's called a that's that's a turning plow {D: more busters} you put it in the ground and make up your rows with it you know make a long s- open up a d- long streak that makes then come back on the other side and make another m- make a bed you know Interviewer: and then the and then the single uh 856C: single stock you use while you cutting running around it I've heard it's better than a than a cultivator cause you j- you just you could plow yours- crop better with a single stock than you could with a cultivator cause you'd have to set a cultivator for {D: sitting banging} some places it wouldn't touch you around mean little little little places you know when a single stock you can just do do any way you want to with it Interviewer: now did you use a tractor to pull these kind of plows 856C: no I I I hired tractors done em in the later years now to break my land Interviewer: but what did you use to plow it usually 856C: I in the later years I used tractors uh to break it with Interviewer: but before you had the tractors 856C: turning plows Interviewer: and now turning plows is that pulled by an animal or something 856C: turning plow pulled b- two mules two horses whatever you got got a doubletree or singletree is on on the front of it you know it pulled it Interviewer: and that would pull the 856C: yeah but after far after tractors came in I'd hire my work done with tractors I prefer that rather than owning one Interviewer: well uh well when you had two mules or two horses what did you call them did you call that a a 856C: a team call that a pair a team Interviewer: did you ever have use oxen? any kind of 856C: now I have seen em I never did em myself I've seen oxen used to plow to plow with Interviewer: would they use them in teams too 856C: yeah they'd just plow em in pairs you know had a yoke going around em neck you know where they pull with the shoulders you know Interviewer: well what if what came back from the from the what what do you how do you guide the the pair of the mules or horses whatever you were plowing with 856C: no use guiding the lines but they they're s- {D: now sir} you just guide your own self with a plow that's travel a row and you just up to you to know to keep the tail end fixed up right Interviewer: did you call the one on the left anything 856C: well it's uh called one on o- off off side and gee side you know you can teach a animal to gee {D: run a run around} gee that's from to turn to the right a little bit Interviewer: oh I didn't know that 856C: yeah {D: you'd tell them to like uh} gee gee gee but they would brush over a little bit Interviewer: and what about if you took it you 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 know # 856C: pull your line in if you want over you got line on both sides on on on a pair you know on a team Interviewer: if you were to turn left though what do you holler to em? 856C: you just pull the line uh make em come on haw haw yeah haw Interviewer: and that that would make em turn 856C: yeah Interviewer: well now did did you have anything uh like any kind of uh of whip or anything? 856C: no no wouldn't use whips on mules Interviewer: what about horses though? 856C: {D: boy it kills you to} see somebody you know have a whip plowing a horse or a mule or something but I never did use it myself I've kept good teams that walk on right you know Interviewer: what about for a for if you were driving or if you weren't plowing them would you use one then? 856C: what a whip? if you're just driving the wagon {D: have it to} the wagon? no you just hit em with the line Interviewer: oh 856C: hit em with one of the lines you got on the bits you know you you got got em by Interviewer: do do you call em lines if you're riding horseback? 856C: yeah Interviewer: the same rope 856C: line Interviewer: when you hit em with them then 856C: no lines Interviewer: well what about the if if you have a wagon and you have a pair of horses what do you call the piece of wood that sticks out in front between em 856C: tongue Interviewer: and if you just have a buggy you have something on each side of the of 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 the mule # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what are the 856C: buggy buggy shafts bug- buggy shafts Interviewer: what was the buggy like that you had 856C: well buggy had two two shafts running from the front of it where the buggy back your horse on in you know just back your horse on in to the the and put the harness on him and then buckle the straps down and that's and he pulled {D: to buh bat} Interviewer: did it what kind of uh were the wheels like what was that 856C: they were uh wooden wheels wooden wheels and later they had a steel rim or something like that Interviewer: and the the spokes they went out and did they connect to the what did they connect to that 856C: the what Interviewer: the spokes of the wheel 856C: spokes the spokes of the wheel that they connected to the rim and that they go on put em on after you know put em on and give it a tap now so it won't come off and that's called the spokes Interviewer: well uh did I guess living on the farm you had to buy a lot of things at the store at one time didn't you 856C: right you are Interviewer: how'd you buy uh uh something like a uh flour or meal or something like that 856C: cornmeal we'd buy it in sacks twenty-four pound sack of flour that's the way they sold em fifty pound sack of flour Interviewer: well what were the sacks made out of 856C: made out of cotton Interviewer: out of cotton 856C: made out of cotton Interviewer: did you ever see a how did the stores buy em 856C: they bought em the same way Interviewer: you ever see em buy it in in big 856C: #1 barrels? # Interviewer: #2 wood # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: I've seen em buy buy flour in barrels I've seen em buy flour lard in barrels I go open up the top of the barrel you know and take a scoop and just turn up a bucket eight pound bucket of lard right quick with it or whatever pound you want Interviewer: what do you all those barrels together? do they have something uh they have a metal 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 ring # 856C: they have a metal rim around that holds em together that way but when you take your can into em you know you you're responsible yourself for the if it's gonna stay in the bucket or not but to buy the the barrels it takes lard comes into the stores they're made out of strong material you know and they won't r- rip open or nothing Interviewer: well what about the uh did the barrels ever have uh wooden things going around them to hold them together 856C: wooden rims? they'd have some kind of rim around maybe a little steel rim or something Interviewer: do you ever call that rim anything else like a 856C: c- {D: maybe coy?} Interviewer: hoop or hoop or 856C: hoop well hoop we'd call em hoops too {C: like book, not like spoon} Interviewer: is that the same thing? 856C: mm-hmm round rims really {D: true} is called hoops Interviewer: what about molasses how do they how do they get molasses 856C: they make it out of sugar cane Interviewer: out of sugar cane 856C: yeah gotta grow your sugar cane and you put your mill up out there you know and grind it get some man feeding that sugar cane stalk into the mill of it sq- squishing all of the juices out juice runs on out into a big tub pan or something you know and the stalk moves on out dry {D: the other of it} to the pile Interviewer: well how did they sell it in the in the store 856C: {D: mash toe they hold it} makes they buy it in in can and in barrels too at the store but you can take the old five gallon can up to the store and get your five gallons of molasses you could do that or even later on they sold it in buckets they sold it in buckets in cans Interviewer: did they have a display of it or something out in the room out in the store? 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 that you could # 856C: they had it on shelves you know whatever you wanted when you walk in the store you could look on the shelves all around see what you what they got but all the big heavy junk like molasses and lard and stuff they'd keep in the back you know but they'd keep it in the front she- on shelves too there's buckets Interviewer: well did uh if uh if you had if you bought just a a few little things like uh some some fruit or something what would they put that in in the store 856C: the fruit? they'd hang it up like bananas or they'd hang it up on a cord running from the ceiling down and that'd keep it keep banana hook you've seen bananas Interviewer: yes sir 856C: well they th- they'd hang em cord from the roof coming down in hang a bunch of bananas right there remember and you'd walk to it and get your half a dozen of em or your ten of em or whatever you wanna get pick em off break em off yourself Interviewer: well when you when you had that when you got the bananas off what did they put them in for you to take em home 856C: they put em in a paper bag Interviewer: and uh if you bought uh sugar like fifty pounds of sugar how would you get that 856C: we'd have a sack Interviewer: was that different from the kind of sack you get flour in? 856C: well it'd be c- could be the same same thing you emptied before but you save your sack when you get through your flour and you when you go to the store you can get the flour put back in it or you you you can get anything else bananas or anything else you can put it in that same sack Interviewer: well what about uh potatoes do you know what they'd ship potatoes in back then? 856C: they shipped potatoes in bulk Interviewer: so that that'd be a lot of em 856C: yeah a lot of em and they'd fill up a big ship on a in a store you know with the potatoes you'd just walk by and put you some in a paper bag you know Interviewer: did you ever buy fertilizer? 856C: yeah I bought fertilizer Interviewer: what did it come in? 856C: it'd come in fifty pound hundred pound sacks paper bags thick they was made out of paper I think but they was thick and strong Interviewer: what about feed or or or seed 856C: #1 I bought # Interviewer: #2 something like that # 856C: feed that same way in sacks Interviewer: paper sacks? 856C: mm-hmm Interviewer: do they did you ever see some of those sacks made out of that coarse brown material 856C: #1 yeah that's # Interviewer: #2 cloth # 856C: what they're made out of now I've bought it that way {NS} Interviewer: what do you call those kind of sacks? 856C: I don't know what you call em but you can go down and get you a fifty pound bag sack now of fertilizer a fifty pound well everything and anything you want at these feed stores now Interviewer: have you ever heard that called a tow sack or a burlap sack or 856C: #1 I've # Interviewer: #2 bag # 856C: heard of it called tow s- burlap sack sack tow sack too many holes in it and all Interviewer: oh what's a tow what's a tow sack? 856C: tow sack is made of made out I think made out of grass you might say Interviewer: is it what color is it? 856C: it's brown tow sack's brown Interviewer: well was there a mill around here for people to to grind and mill that? 856C: yeah there's a mill mill out in the e- each community in the country they'd grind your corn make meal out of it Interviewer: well how much corn did you take at a time? 856C: that you'd take maybe fifty or a hundred pounds of corn just enough to run you a week at home then you go back to the mill on Saturday Interviewer: you you'd use fifty or a hundred pounds in a week? 856C: yeah Interviewer: well uh how much I if you uh if you went out if it was real cold or something and you were when you were gonna carry in this much maybe to the mill how much would you say that was 856C: um I'd say twenty-five fifty pound Interviewer: would you ever take a turn of corn mills of corn to the mill 856C: yeah but I don't know what you call it the you call it a turn that's a that's a {D: burrow pie} but a pile of corn Interviewer: uh but how much is a turn about 856C: it's about maybe forty forty five to fifty pounds a turn I guess just go in the {D: credit} and get you some you know and put em in a sack and go to the mill with it and get em grounded up Interviewer: uh and what about if you if you went out in the forest and you said you were gonna bring in some wood for the fire you'd say I'm just gonna go out and get a what 856C: a armful? get a armful of wood Interviewer: well uh now I know that now now that you don't use old fashioned lamps like that like you did then 856C: no Interviewer: what what did you burn in the lamps that you had 856C: coal oil burnt coal oil in em Interviewer: is that the same as uh 856C: wick you'd burning a wick goes down into the lamp you know and you put coal oil down there and you turn your wick up and light it and higher you turn your wick's the higher the flame you have you got yourself a a light turn now that turns the wick Interviewer: well what about the thing that you put in here what do you put in there to make it 856C: globes Interviewer: did you have any of those globes called anything else? 856C: light bulbs Interviewer: is that the same thing? 856C: the same thing Interviewer: well I know that now you have this uh the one that he loans his apartments a man these apartments come by and wash your clothes for you but uh when you were growing up t- did they do anything did they do that on a special day of the week or 856C: no special day of the week they'd do it on a Friday wash clothes on a Friday Interviewer: did they do any spe- 856C: now my wife would have a negro woman come you know and down at the well they'd have the two of them {D: beaches} out there and they'd wash clothes down at the well Interviewer: and did uh do they have what about on Monday do anything special on Monday? 856C: no {D: nothing special on Mon-} mostly on the end of the week Interviewer: what about after they washed them what do they do to em 856C: after they wash what clothes? they'd hang em up and dry em on telephone wire Interviewer: how'd they get em from the wash place to the telephone wire? 856C: they had to be there telephone wire bent down there better go hang em out Interviewer: you didn't have to take em in a in any kind of uh wooden uh 856C: no not necessarily you could use your arms for the wood- for the taking em to the clothesline Interviewer: what would you call something you might carry em in then 856C: well you could carry em in a tub to the clothesline or a basket to the clothesline anything Interviewer: well uh did they did they have to uh that it that's interesting that you wash em at the well 856C: yeah Interviewer: how how did you uh buy things like nails then? 856C: we'd buy em just by the pound whatever you wanted you could get a keg a keg of nails that's a hundred pound little barrel you know barrel maybe or staples or something but mostly you would get ten or fifteen pounds of em Interviewer: and uh and did when you bought things like uh uh it's at the store that came in a box what would they put in the top of it to keep it from leaking out or something 856C: there'd be a top it'd be a cork in there you put in there either a round top you screw on there Interviewer: well if it was a cork what was it made out of 856C: made out of I reckon it's made of made out of wood you might say I don't know what a cork's made out of Interviewer: was it sort of 856C: #1 but # Interviewer: #2 that # 856C: it'll stop up a hole or something you know Interviewer: is that like what comes in a wine bottle? 856C: yeah like comes in a wine bottle cork Interviewer: and uh what about uh if it was made out of did they ever have em made out of glass any 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 thing come # 856C: nothing made out of glass #1 no glass # Interviewer: #2 that # 856C: I remember Interviewer: well uh when you were a child what kind of uh of uh of toy did you have outside to play with 856C: we had a little wagon and then had little bicycles Interviewer: did you have a 856C: tricycles and stuff like that Interviewer: did you have a a little musical instrument you play back and forth in your mouth 856C: my harp? had a harp you could play Interviewer: and did you have one that you'd you'd twang on this 856C: #1 guitar # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: I have a guitar Interviewer: uh but one that you'd hold between your teeth a little steel thing you'd you'd 856C: yeah I know what you're talking about but I don't know what you call it but I know what you're talking about Interviewer: did you ever hear that called a uh uh Jew's harp 856C: #1 Jew's harp # Interviewer: #2 or anything # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: Jew's harp {C: sounds like a B instead of J?} Interviewer: what about the the harp the other one you know that you play back and forth did you ever hear it called anything else 856C: no just Jew's Jew's harp Interviewer: and what did you have some a toy that maybe would have uh a stump or something in the middle of a long plank and one person would sit on each end and go up and down 856C: that's a seesaw call that a seesaw Interviewer: what would you say you were doing if you had a seesaw 856C: uh you'd just be riding up and down y- you somebody'd be on one end and somebody on this end and you'd shove yourself up with your feet you know and uh weight of the body would take it down on the other end and that man put his feet up lift it up and his his b- body and weight would take it on down the other way Interviewer: so if there's some children out there doing that you'd say they were out doing what 856C: playing seesaw Interviewer: and did you have did you ever have like uh a limber kinda plank you put maybe a barrel under each end of it and then jump up and down in the middle 856C: well I've seen em do it I never have myself Interviewer: do would what would you call something like that 856C: I don't know that's maybe they'd be seesawing uh just the same whether it'd be in a barrel or just naked plank Interviewer: now what about uh did you ever have something that maybe uh would you could two maybe four or children would sit down and spin around 856C: yeah whirlwind call that a whirlwind seesaw Interviewer: uh a whi- a 856C: #1 whirl # Interviewer: #2 whirlwind # 856C: whirlwind's {X} or either a seesaw either one whirlwind Interviewer: and uh you you said you told a minute ago you might buy a keg of nails sometime 856C: keg of nail Interviewer: well what would you use to put the nails in with 856C: hammer we use a hammer or anything heavy like that hatchet hatchet or a hammer they're driving nails into the planks and stuff Interviewer: well in if uh in the winter time you know you were saying that you had to get all that wood in 856C: yeah Interviewer: what would you say you were doing if if you 856C: getting ready for winter getting the wood in for the winter Interviewer: so if you drove your wagon a long way off and came back and unloaded it went back and got some more wood and came back and unloaded it what would you say you were doing 856C: hauling wood for the winter Interviewer: what'd you what'd you saw it up in did you have a 856C: saw have it saw crosscut saw have it sawed down that way and sawed up that way and then you'd some some maybe didn't have a they had uh axes just cut chop it chop it up if you cut down a tree with a axe and best way is to saw it down you know some folks didn't have a saw they just take a axe and cut em a tree down and cut it up in lengths but n- know about what length to cut you know Interviewer: well did you have a uh an X shaped kinda frame or something to lay the logs in to to saw em up 856C: yeah I know what you talking about like that you know on one end and one on the other end you know you put em on down then saw em #1 call that # Interviewer: #2 would you call that # anything that kinda frame 856C: {D: well I don't know what} to call it Interviewer: uh the sawbuck or anything like that 856C: something like #1 that # Interviewer: #2 sawhorse # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: yeah sawhorse sawhorse Interviewer: well when you say a sawhorse do you mean the X shape or 856C: yeah Interviewer: or the what about the top the tall one the one that like what uh the one that that uh you might block off a road with it or something like painters use or carpenters use to saw planks with 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call those 856C: I don't know what you'd call those Interviewer: would you call them a sawhorse too the the the A shape 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: well back then what did you use to like uh keep your hair in place 856C: hair comb and brush Interviewer: what did you so if you had a brush you'd say you were gonna do what to your hair 856C: brush your hair Interviewer: and did you have a straight razor? 856C: yeah had a straight razor Interviewer: what'd you sharpen it in? 856C: sharpen it on a strap {C: like strop} strap Interviewer: and uh and did you ever uh like did you carry a gun with you ever 856C: no I never did carry a gun Interviewer: what would you put in the gun if you were gonna shoot it though 856C: put a shell or cartridge Interviewer: and you know then we were talking about toys now I meant to ask you did you have one that you could like that would two or three children uh everything one child would sit in and another one push where you go back and forth like that you'd sit on the little board or plank or something would have some uh ropes hanging from a tree 856C: yeah Interviewer: go back and forth in it 856C: call it a swing we called it a swing Interviewer: did you have a swing? 856C: I had a swing about like that Interviewer: and did you ever burn coal? 856C: never did burn coal Interviewer: did anybody around here burn 856C: never did I never did see anybody burning coal Interviewer: did you ever hear of anybody around here using that 856C: I heard uh that the oil mill was using coal oil mill when they had a oil mill here in Huntsville they don't have one now Interviewer: what what did the oil mill do 856C: the oil mill was used for cotton seeds you know getting the juice out of cotton seed Interviewer: well what would they carry oh uh the coal in 856C: they they'd carry it in in in buckets and stuff like that keep the fire running that way Interviewer: would they just leave the bucket sitting there beside the 856C: they'd leave it there just sits buggy for coal coal fire up you know you know and then take it back and by the time it died down take another shovel of coal down there can of coal Interviewer: well you know you said that you you had stoves in your house to to heat with heater well what did you have uh a something to how how'd the smoke go out of it of the 856C: the what uh burnt up burnt up butane {D: is sold} Interviewer: well before you had the butane though would you have the wood 856C: #1 had # Interviewer: #2 stove # 856C: had I had a wood stove we had a pipe that goes out through for the house Interviewer: did the pipe go all the 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 way through # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # did it have a brick part on top 856C: yeah Interviewer: well is that did you just call that the 856C: #1 pipe # Interviewer: #2 ke- # 856C: yeah that's right Interviewer: what about the flue what's that 856C: flu's a was a disease a cold and stuff mixed up and would make a person sick flu oh you're talking about flue on a house? Interviewer: yes did did you have those 856C: when we had flues yeah you'd have a flue on a house Interviewer: what would that be? 856C: that'd be made out of the pipe and stuff going out the roof of the house keeping setting fire to it Interviewer: so is that the same as the stove pipe? 856C: yeah same as stove pipe Interviewer: and uh what about uh did you use a knife very much around the around the farm? 856C: no not much Interviewer: did you have something to sharpen a knife on 856C: yeah Interviewer: what was that? 856C: we'd have a file file Interviewer: did you ever have any have a rock or stone or anything 856C: yeah stone but the best way to sharpen my axe or is on a file well you'd have a grindstone now you talking about grindstone to grind your axe on Interviewer: did you say it would go around you mean 856C: grindstone yeah you'd turn that stone rock you know and take your axe and put it on the blade of that rock you know as it turning that sharpens it too Interviewer: you didn't have a little one that you hold in your hand 856C: no Interviewer: uh what about like a scythe did you ever see anybody sharpen a scythe 856C: never did I don't know what a scythe is Interviewer: oh you know to cut hay with a handle 856C: oh yeah Interviewer: those big things 856C: yeah Interviewer: how'd they sharpen something like that 856C: uh with a file? Interviewer: well you said you had a buggy and those buggies ever begin to squeak you know 856C: yeah they're squeaky you have to grease em k- have keep grease on the axle and Interviewer: oh you 856C: #1 after # Interviewer: #2 would # 856C: the tap you know on the wheel it takes a wheel and to put your grease on it on oil or whatever you wanted to put on it and then screw it back on there Interviewer: I guess your hands got sort of 856C: well yeah you'd get dirty Interviewer: how would you describe it if you used the grease you said about your hands are real what 856C: real greasy Interviewer: and you'd say uh if you did that with somebody you'd say you did what to their wagon 856C: grease grease your wagon or I greased their wagon Interviewer: well did did you ever make any kind of lamp that you might use out at the light or something you know just oh one night when you didn't you need some light out there or something like by taking a bottle or a can or something and putting some coal oil or something in it and then a rag and 856C: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 lighting # 856C: yeah I've done that Interviewer: what'd you call something like that? that you would make like that 856C: homemade lamp {X} homemade lamp I'd fill it up with coal oil you know in a quarter bottle and put a rag in it you know it just soaks it up little at a time you know and then it'll give you light all the way around Interviewer: well uh what about things in uh you I know you had like uh an outhouse and you you'd bathe in a tub but what about uh brushing your teeth or something like that 856C: we'd go to the bucket on the porch or wherever you kept your drinking water in a pan and with a little soap and toothpaste and stuff and wash your s- wash it that way wash #1 your teeth # Interviewer: #2 did you have # toothpaste then? 856C: yeah Interviewer: what did it come in? 856C: it'd come in a tube you just squeeze it undo the top of it a little bit and squeeze just from the bottom on up or and screw the top back on Interviewer: did you have any kind of little boat or anything you'd use 856C: boat? no never did use a boat Interviewer: on a creek or the 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 on # on the rivers 856C: #1 I'd # Interviewer: #2 around here # 856C: use a {X} fish Interviewer: oh you would? 856C: yeah Interviewer: what kinda fish would you get around here 856C: well you'd get all kinds you would get buffalo you'd get perch you'd get Interviewer: I've never heard of buffalo what are they 856C: buffalo fish is a great big fish may have made it up made fun of it little small mouth big head and a small mouth you know that's a buffalo Interviewer: never seen one of them 856C: hmm Interviewer: any kind of buffalo or perch what else would you catch around here 856C: catfish catch a catfish Interviewer: lot of catfish? 856C: yeah them Interviewer: do you get much seafood this up here in here 856C: yeah you can b- buy you can buy fish at any market #1 oysters # Interviewer: #2 what # 856C: oysters Interviewer: anything else any other kind of seafood 856C: not in particular Interviewer: like uh uh any kind that you like to boil or fry something like that 856C: no Interviewer: like sh- 856C: shrimp you talking about shrimp we can get shrimp Interviewer: any what other kinds of seafood do you get here anything else what kind of 856C: that's about all is shrimp and fish and that's about all you get #1 fish # Interviewer: #2 what kind of # fish 856C: any kind you want you can go at these cafes and all them kinda fish you want mean you sometimes you'd see a truck loaded with fish peddling em out on a corner of a street down there go down and buy you a catfish or trout or something like that I think it's against the law to sell scaled fish though Interviewer: really? 856C: I think it is Interviewer: why is that? 856C: I don't know off of a wagon or something now you get scaled fish in a cafe you know you get em fried but it's against the law to sell c- scaled fish Interviewer: well uh do people fish around here very much like 856C: #1 right # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: smart they're right smart #1 they got # Interviewer: #2 what # 856C: Lake Livingston now to fish and they go around there all through the week and fish and catch {D: water} {D: water fish} Interviewer: well what kind of little boats do they go out in over there do you ever watch em over there at Lake 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 Livingston # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: I've seen em out there in little boats fishing Interviewer: what kind of little boats what are they 856C: they were made out of wood and stuff looked like Interviewer: would you call those kinda boats anything like rowboats or or bateaus or anything like that 856C: nah not that I know of Interviewer: well what do they look like have a round bottom or flat bottom or what 856C: had a bread shaped bottom come about two points at each end one point on each end you know and flat on the bottom Interviewer: but you don't know what kind of boats you 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 call em # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # well how do they get em in the water over there? 856C: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 do they have a # 856C: they just slide em in the water putting out from the {D: cut the wreck} they gotta haul em on you know and back up to the water edge and then pull the w- boat and let it hit the water and then hold it there Interviewer: so would you say they were gonna do what is that lau- would you say they were going to to launch it or what are do they have a place like that here? special place 856C: well not that I know of I think on Lake Livingston now you can launch em on in where you want to Interviewer: oh you can? I didn't know that I haven't been over there to Lake Livingston 856C: yeah Interviewer: well would you uh uh when you were a child what would you wear if you were to get dressed up or something 856C: I'd wear my Sunday clothes Interviewer: what would that be your Sunday 856C: that'd be m- clean uh pants or pressed up you know and a white shirt and most shiny shoes I'd be dressed up in Interviewer: and w- and then what about what would uh would the older men wear 856C: that's they'd wear the same thing Interviewer: so you said that 856C: sometime most most of em would have a suit of clothing you know hanging up in the wardrobe you know and go get it out you know have to take a bath put on the clothes and they were dressed up then Interviewer: what would the suit be what what would the pieces be uh of 856C: be pants and a shirt and a coat Interviewer: did they have three piece suits 856C: no well they got a vest vest is the three piece suit but mostly just the pants and the coat is a suit of clothes but some instances you can buy em with a vest too but I think vests is going out of style now Interviewer: well if uh if uh if they didn't wanna wear an old suit then they might go down to the store and buy a what 856C: buy n- new suit new khakis or something like that Interviewer: well what would you wear just around the farm though just you know to work 856C: what clothes would be w- call em work clothes caddy clothes or blue jeans or something like that overalls Interviewer: you what what are overalls 856C: overalls is blue pants and got straps on the back of em comes over and hooks and keeps em on your shoulders keep the pants pulled up over your shoulders Interviewer: and uh if if uh what about uh women when they got dressed up what would you say this like uh if your if your wife and you were going out somewhere and uh and she was putting on the uh uh a suit uh you know getting ready what would you say she was doing 856C: primping up Interviewer: would you say that if you were doing if you were putting on a suit and everything would you say you were primping up 856C: yeah I'd say I was primping up Interviewer: and what about what would she carry in her hand 856C: she'd carry a purse in her hand Interviewer: and uh would that would that have a little a leather one in it do they could to carry change 856C: yeah have a little l- small purse inside of a larger purse to carry change in Interviewer: what about what would she wear here 856C: wristwatch Interviewer: or just a uh a fancy 856C: yeah #1 fancy # Interviewer: #2 what kind of # 856C: piece of leather or something Interviewer: what about just a piece of jewelry or 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 something # 856C: wear a chain wear a chain on there Interviewer: is that the same as a uh a bracelet 856C: bracelet same as a bracelet Interviewer: what would she wear around here 856C: necklace Interviewer: if it was a lot of beads what would you say it was 856C: b- I think it's called a necklace be- be- bead chain neck- necklace Interviewer: would you ever hear it called like a string or a 856C: #1 string # Interviewer: #2 strand # 856C: that's that string of beads Interviewer: well what would you wear to hold your pants up 856C: I'd wear I wear my p- belt Interviewer: did you ever hear of people wearing anything else? 856C: uh wearing uh um piece of material would go over your shoulder I don't know what you call it now I did know but they'd button on to your pants you know down here and go over your shoulders and get on to the back end button Interviewer: would you ever hear it call that suspenders or 856C: suspenders that's the word suspenders Interviewer: or uh when you were a child did anybody ever 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 call em # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # galluses or any 856C: #1 galluses # Interviewer: #2 thing like that # 856C: and suspenders that's what I know em best by is suspenders Interviewer: do do have you heard galluses though? 856C: yeah I've heard of galluses Interviewer: well what about if did it when it rained what did you carry over your head 856C: buggies if you had generally you'd have a slicker on but sometimes you could take a over uh parasols you know and use it and hold your head over it keep it from getting wet Interviewer: a parasol is that the same thing as a as a as a an um- 856C: umbrella same thing as umbrella Interviewer: well you know when you uh at home we were talking about the kinda furniture and stuff you'd have what would you have on the bed 856C: bedspreads you'd lay your bed down you cover it {X} to- on top of that you'd have a nice looking bedspread you know so it'd look nice but at night you'd take it off you know to get that {X} go to bed put it back on the next morning as you make your bed up Interviewer: what what would you put your head on 856C: pillows Interviewer: did you ever see something like a pillow long thing though that went all the way across the bed 856C: well I have seen em ma- that's one pillow made all together the same width of the bed Interviewer: how did it go just are you talking about one that goes part of the way 856C: they'd go all the way it'd be you might say two pillows in one you know all the way across the top of the bed Interviewer: would you just call that a pillow or what something like that 856C: that's all I know em as call pillows pill- pillows are l- separate pillow that that'd be head headrest up that way though that long one Interviewer: is that the same thing as a bol- something 856C: bolster {D: last I heard} think so but pillows just are another well now that's a pillow there big now that's what I call a pillow Interviewer: but but you'd just call that other one a double pillow or 856C: #1 double # Interviewer: #2 what # 856C: pillow Interviewer: well now what about did you have something that you might uh that you you'd some kind of cover you might put on to keep you warm something uh 856C: bedspread you'd have bedspread and b- blankets quilts you'd have quilts keep you warm Interviewer: well when too many people were at your house or something if you had company or something and there were too many people to sleep in a bed where did you put the other people 856C: I don't know where you'd put em if there's too many people there you make pallets on the floor Interviewer: you would you make you have a pallet 856C: yeah make a pallet and they're on the floor Interviewer: well what about a land that you have around here the farm 856C: I have black land sandy land to farm Interviewer: oh tell me about the different kinds of and types of soil and kinds of land and stuff that you have around here 856C: we got black land got post oak land you got sandy land Interviewer: and what are what's post oak land 856C: post oak land is a type sandy land that's where post oak trees mostly grow it's the reason that's where it's got its name but it ain't black land post oak land's not black land now Interviewer: what's black land? 856C: black land is just land black it's {D: bite} bottom on the bottom you know and there's bottom creeks in all black bottom land is creek creek land bottoms Interviewer: is that kind of land real rich or what 856C: yeah real rich Interviewer: so you'd say that land was real fer- 856C: fertile real fertile Interviewer: what about the sandy land what is it like 856C: well it's it's that but generally sandy land is worn out land long time ago folks farmed mostly farmed sandy land cause most sandy land is kinda clear you can clear it pretty quick and then it's dried off quick you know Interviewer: so you use that 856C: but there's not much for {D: till it then} soi- soil sandy land Interviewer: well if you have any of that kind of land around here that's that's part clay and part uh sand mix mixed together that real rich that uh 856C: well Interviewer: they're called l- lo- 856C: loam loam land yeah Interviewer: what is that is that like 856C: that's that's sandy land and black land mixed but {D: over posts spills and} stuff's on it what call it loa- sandy loamy land Interviewer: is that good 856C: yeah that's good Interviewer: well do you have any kind of low lying grass land around here 856C: low lying grass land Interviewer: do you have any kind of uh uh low lying kinda grass land 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 around # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what do you call something like that? 856C: well that's you'd call it low land grass grass pasture farming and then you call it black land bottom land next to the creek and stuff that's what you'd call that Interviewer: well how do you get the water off uh uh th- something like uh uh the area where there's 856C: you have drainage r- dr- generator bottom land is around a creek or a big branch or something and it all drains off you know Interviewer: so so the if if land if you have some land that's it's a little bit uh got water over it what kinda land's that if you know it's got water standing on it most of the time 856C: soggy land call it a soggy land Interviewer: does that have trees growing in it 856C: no w- well it'd have trees grow in em depends on where it is if it's next to a creek I've seen soggy land next to creek you know just stayed water all on outside that all the time Interviewer: what about the big thicket tell me about that what kinda land is over there 856C: big thicket is all softer land but mostly it's sandy loamy land but it'd be a creek going through it too Interviewer: why does nobody live over there 856C: I don't know never did {D: so many} dangerous animals and my gr- grandfather moved to the edge of the big thicket on account of his health you know and it turned out he's a bear hunter and he killed bears he he during his life he killed three hundred bears Interviewer: three hundred bears 856C: yeah {D: and he's just as good still} Interviewer: did have you ever been over to the big thicket 856C: yeah I've been to the big thicket Interviewer: well what's it like is there any land there with water standing on it all the time 856C: some some places yes Interviewer: what do you call something like that just a swamp? 856C: swamp call it a swamp Interviewer: well how do you get water off the swamp? 856C: you have to drain it off if you gonna use it most people won't use swamp land Interviewer: does that have trees 856C: #1 they've # Interviewer: #2 growing on it # 856C: {D: yeah} it has trees growing around Interviewer: I I remember uh 856C: plowed roads roads across it and everything Interviewer: across the swamp? 856C: the swamp Interviewer: well do they have any any places dug around here that drain off land like that 856C: well I think so Interviewer: what do you call something like that 856C: pit drainage pit Interviewer: uh uh like was that something like uh anything other names for like uh uh a canal or a ditch anything like that 856C: ditch call it a ditch canal or a ditch either one Interviewer: well and when you speak of a canal or a ditch how big a thing do you mean 856C: well now for instance myself now through my place I've got a creek and a ditch running through it I've got a ditch that's coming drains water from the east going to the west and then the creek goes from the north to the south {D: on my} check the place out there now Interviewer: do they cross? 856C: no they don't cross they run run into a point together though down at the f- far end they run to fork together Interviewer: so with uh is that on your ditch is that big enough for a boat to go on or is that 856C: yeah ditch my m- in my place it is big enough of a ditch Interviewer: well what about did you ever have a lot of rain fall and it would wash a part of your field away 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call a place like that where your field's all washed away that ever happen you when you 856C: yeah I {X} I I know wh- {X} what I wanna say but I can't call it Interviewer: well do you call it anything what like what's a uh a gully or something like that or 856C: gully gully Interviewer: what's a gully 856C: gully's a branch Interviewer: oh it is 856C: but it's a done washed away and stuff on your land water don't stand there but it's just something's done made it where water didn't run you know and call that a gully Interviewer: is that deep or 856C: yeah it'd come in some's is deep some is shallow a lot of places just a little shallow gullies Interviewer: oh what about uh so when you like what do you mean by shallow two or three feet or what 856C: two or three feet shallow Interviewer: well now what what are some of them you said you had a creek running across the place what creek is that? 856C: white oak creek Interviewer: are there a lot of creeks around 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 here # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: {X} creek and it's San Jacinto river they call it the San Jacinto River but it's just a creek but down about Conroe it turns out to be a big river you know Interviewer: what is the difference in a creek and a river there is it 856C: well a creek is water just runs off right quick off after rain and a river it's just stays full you know and drains off slowly but it continue to have s- springs in it you know to feed the water by a creek never goes dry Interviewer: yeah a creek doesn't a creek never goes 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 dry # 856C: a creek won't #1 it's about # Interviewer: #2 what would # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: spring water in it it got springs on the banks of it feeds it Interviewer: well will a river ever go dry 856C: well I know some rivers have gone dry Interviewer: is there anything smaller than a creek 856C: gully just all I know of gully's smaller than a creek Interviewer: does a gully have one e- summertime is that what 856C: #1 summertime # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and you you said a minute ago a gully was the same as a branch or something what's a branch 856C: branch is a place where water's done washed out overflown and done washed the place out and call that a branch Interviewer: are there different elevations of land around here 856C: yeah Interviewer: what you di- where are the uh kinda 856C: high we're on a high slope here there's no water around here much Interviewer: well does it is that why this place is called hillside or hillside that's what you 856C: hillside this here is hillside we're on a hill here Interviewer: is it what would you say are there any is there anything bigger than a hill around here 856C: well there's mountains but I don't know of no mountains around here Interviewer: there aren't any around here 856C: I know of one mountain around here out here west here about ten miles west now that's that's a high hill high mountain Interviewer: oh there is a mountain out there? 856C: there's a mountain out there #1 well # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know # 856C: I mean but a mountain is so much larger than a hill you know you get on it s- you see all the way the government puts people on that to see all around you know and then some instances the government will build these high riders high frame places to {D: ply em up up on a rug all country and stuff} Interviewer: well if you're on a hill and there's a little rise on the hill you know what I'm talking about 856C: yeah Interviewer: it there's just a little rise on the hill what do you call something like that just a little rise on a hill 856C: {D: well it's a little watered rising ain't it} Interviewer: well would you ever call it like a well what do you call the thing you turn to open the door with 856C: knob Interviewer: would you ever speak of a knob on a hill 856C: no Interviewer: or knoll or anything like 856C: #1 knoll # Interviewer: #2 that # 856C: knoll Interviewer: now what's another one 856C: {NW} knoll there's a high place on a hill or something a knoll Interviewer: well uh on the San Jacinto river I haven't been over there does does the land drop off right down into the river 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call a place like that where it just drops off 856C: {NW} river yeah I don't know sp- no special place where it just drops off all at once but San Jacinto river runs a long way crooked it just wig wags its way it starts way up down to c- goes to Loma call community named Loma and it goes all the way g- goes close to my place you know my place has got a creek in it it flows all the time well it flows on in the San Jacinto Interviewer: so your so you said pretty close to 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 San Jacinto # 856C: I'm pretty close to the San Jacinto Interviewer: well would you ever speak of a uh uh uh like that area where it drops straight off you know into the river as a a cliff 856C: cliff that's right cliff Interviewer: are there many of those around here 856C: well a good many not many not too many Interviewer: what are some of these can you think of any 856C: no Interviewer: so two of em would be two whats 856C: two cliffs two cliffs Interviewer: are they are they two cliffs around here 856C: I imagine there is now I've n- {NW} paid no particular attention to em Interviewer: well is there are there any low places in the hills around here where you go through just like a little drop in hills 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call something like that 856C: you'd call it a valley Interviewer: well if you if you had a a gun or something and you went and you cut out a little place in the handle what would you call something like that you cut out 856C: notch in it Interviewer: did you ever have a notch talk speaking of uh uh a place that a little little place in the mountains or something 856C: no not that I know of Interviewer: well what kind of roads do you have around here 856C: well you have hardtop roads mostly now but I've seen a time {X} dirt dirt roads Interviewer: oh really? 856C: yeah Interviewer: tell me about that 856C: I've seen a time that you where the county didn't work the roads you see they work the roads now you know with with maintainers and stuff like that but I've seen a time where it they'd have road days to work and y- you'd work free help in other words this road leads from Huntsville out to my place I've seen a time that you'd it'd be fifteen or twenty people that own land out in there and then they'd get to town to go work free you know and put in a day or two each one on that road tearing the stumps out and cutting em g- roots out of the road and stuff like that you know Interviewer: oh really? 856C: yeah didn't have no county to pay for it now p- they got these road draggers now you know they keep it up with now Interviewer: well you said to have most of these these uh hardtop kinda roads now 856C: hardtop main the main roads would be hardtop Interviewer: what are they paved with? 856C: they're paved with asphalt Interviewer: what about uh the the the white one of the hard white surfaces 856C: seen it talking about seeing it? Interviewer: are there many of 856C: #1 but not # Interviewer: #2 those # 856C: many of those most are blacktop Interviewer: what what is that blacktop stuff 856C: blacktop is I don't know I used the name a while ago I can't call it asphalt Interviewer: uh but what 856C: it's asphalt Interviewer: what is asphalt what is that stuff 856C: it's melted glue or something tar and something else all combined together and it it it u- unites and s- and stays put you know where you put it you know it just spreads you know just spreads along you know with a spreader and finally and keep the road side ditches clear you know where water can drain off and everything now that's that's mostly the kinda roads we got now Interviewer: well you were telling me the other day about it about some interesting work you did where getting some some rocks or something out of the out of the the river 856C: yeah well I took my team cause I didn't have no trucks in those days took my wagon and teams and hauled gravel where the river done gone down you know and got in its own course and all sides of it'd be dry you know but it'd be full of rock and gravel and stuff I took my teams and had niggers with spades you know and shovels and spade up a wagon load of that stuff and haul it on up the road about eight miles to build a concrete bridge #1 now of # Interviewer: #2 oh really # 856C: #1 course you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: don't do that that way way now they got different new ways of doing it Interviewer: tell me about the work the building that concrete bridge 856C: well that that's {NW} my job was just to haul the gravel I had four teams I think four wagons hauling gravel there and uh they'd mix it up and make a cement out of it and stuff like that and make haul the gravel there where they took cement and buil- built the bridges Interviewer: did they ever just build a bridge just out of just gravel um built the road out of just gravel 856C: no they had a little cement to a bridge Interviewer: well what about just a regular road do they ever just pave a road just cover a road in gravel 856C: yeah Interviewer: they do what do you call those kinda roads 856C: I don't know they could call em gravel roads Interviewer: well now that's interesting that that that you you did that what with the gravel 856C: yeah Interviewer: uh 856C: see there wasn't no trucks in those days to do it with Interviewer: what about uh uh uh a little road like that might go off the main road that might in most of the main roads that you said are paved now 856C: yeah Interviewer: well what do you call those little side roads out in the country that just sort of go off 856C: you call em side roads Interviewer: oh you do 856C: yeah Interviewer: what about uh the one the roads that run like from from the public road up to your house or something is there a road when you lived in on the farm was 856C: yeah I've got a road that runs up to my house I made myself and I got the county to gravel it with trucks you know we're a large taxpayer like I was paying taxes my taxes all paying well uh if I {NW} take my driveway rocks gravel they'd county would put trucks around haul two or four loads of gravel and it roads started to get all up to my house from the main road Interviewer: what do you call that kind of a road 856C: call it a gravel road Interviewer: but I mean is that would you call it a driveway or what 856C: driveway {X} good way to put it Interviewer: well did you have a little place to go from your barn out to the lot over by your house you know there's a lot 856C: yeah Interviewer: was that a road 856C: no the little trail I call it a trail Interviewer: and uh 856C: I have my lot now pretty close to my house but it's on level ground you know on the sandy land at that you know didn't have to do no work or nothing on it Interviewer: so it was right there 856C: it was right there #1 but I # Interviewer: #2 did you have # 856C: turn my teams out into the pasture when I wasn't working em you know Interviewer: was the pasture next to the lot 856C: yeah I'd have the lot built out in the pasture close to the house when uh where there's plowing to keep em in a {X} they'd get em the daylight next morning to go feed em Interviewer: did did you you said that you were working for the highway when you built that bridge 856C: yeah Interviewer: how long did you work with the highway 856C: I worked for the highway for about three years building bridges my uncle was commissioner that's the reason I got the job he was one of the commissioners and he m- made a {D: boat there} to give me a job building bridges you know but that takes time and eight or ten bridges needs re-fixing and rebuilding and so they gave me {D: water} needs a job so I took my hands and team and fixed em Interviewer: and uh and then is that the only job you ever did besides farming 856C: that's the only job not hauling logs Interviewer: oh you did 856C: yeah Interviewer: how about that 856C: I hauled logs for Walker County {X} bout to town down there next and next to Waverly called Elmina that was a big mill and they bought {D: Tim} all out in there miles and miles around and had railroad tracks and trains running on to haul the logs flatbeds you know to haul the logs but I've hauled logs with wagons up to to put em on the track I had two wagons I'd put four mules to each wagon you know Interviewer: four mules do did you just that a team 856C: that was the best t- {NW} {X} team is two {X} I had two two horses and uh two mules they hit a limb you know help pull that heavy load four of em four of em pull it Interviewer: how long did you work for them 856C: I worked two or three years logging Interviewer: did you like that kinda work doing that 856C: well I like it when it's not raining I haven't been most of the time in the rain and you couldn't you'd s- bog down all the time Interviewer: what kind of rains do they have around here 856C: well sometimes they have heavy rains and last week ten days it rained rain spell and they're called rain spells get your ground all rotten and mucky mucky and you're bogged down I've seen {X} foot yeah Interviewer: well now uh have you heavy rain is that like uh 856C: that's some heavy that's a big rain heavy coming down fast Interviewer: so does that come uh does that last a long time or just a little while 856C: little while lasts a little while Interviewer: do you have any of those kinda rains around here where it's uh you know thun- 856C: thunderstorms yeah sometime you get a thunderstorm you get a freeze rain out of it I've seen a thunderstorm cloud form up and get black you know and it'll go rain and the rain freezes that a freeze rain out of it Interviewer: well what was it what were they like what that just that must be really terrible 856C: I don't know I've just watched em you know going and coming I've I happen again one one day going from my p- {D: parcel} my place and I stopped at a little country store out there and went ran there you know and it w- floor was all the way is a freeze rain it's a that's real hard hard that's a hard rain Interviewer: well what's the wind like in something like that 856C: wind's strong it blows a lot you know blows a lot Interviewer: well this morning there the wind the lights was on that one mile an hour that was real fly outside this morning 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call it like is if the day goes on and it begins to in the wind begins to blow more and more you'd say the wind's doing what like today the wind's beginning to uh blow harder so 856C: blow harder or ceased the wind is ceasing {NW} that's when it ain't blowing at all Interviewer: and even when it's been blowing when it's been blowing and it stops 856C: yeah it ceased Interviewer: what about when it's when it's uh been blowing when it hadn't been blowing but it starts to blow what do you call that kinda 856C: you'd call it a windstorm I reckon Interviewer: so you'd say the wind is doing what 856C: blowing hard wind is high Interviewer: uh if the wind has been real has has not been blowing at all then it begins to you say the wind is 856C: yeah Interviewer: is 856C: wind is picking up wind's picking up Interviewer: well this this is really pretty weather like today this is I don't think there's a cloud out there 856C: no it's clear it's clear today {D: pretty} Interviewer: you you'd call this a pretty day or 856C: yeah yeah you'd call it a pretty sunny time you know and no threats of rain and stuff Interviewer: what do you call the opposite kind then when it's real cloudy and not rainy but just not really raining when it's just dark and dreary outside 856C: well dark and dreary would be a good name for it Interviewer: that what you'd call that kind of day 856C: yeah dark and dreary day Interviewer: hmm that that's interesting I don't think it's gonna be that kinda day though I think it's gonna be clear all day uh what do you how do you greet people when you wake up in the morning 856C: good morning Interviewer: how long do you say that to them 856C: might just as long as from {D: movers comes in or} see see somebody come in that you haven't already spoken to you'd say good morning Interviewer: do mean how long into the day do you say good morning though 856C: 'til noon Interviewer: then what do you say 856C: good evening Interviewer: how long you say good evening 856C: good afternoon like that Interviewer: is that you say good evening good afternoon 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 either one # 856C: either one Interviewer: how how long does that do you say that 'til until when 856C: 'til the day's over with until the morning's over with it's good morning and then after twelve o'clock it's good evening 'til the oth- 'til sundown and then if it's night comes it's y'all gonna part you call em good night Interviewer: well do you do you do you ever say good night when you first meeting somebody then 856C: never unless you're surprised or something and say good night it's Interviewer: well well how do you what time does the morning start 856C: morning starts about eight o'clock here Interviewer: so so you say that you got up before 856C: before the s- before sunrise Interviewer: oh you did 856C: yeah Interviewer: you do that every 856C: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 morning # 856C: I do that every morning I've been up now ever since five o'clock Interviewer: since five o' 856C: #1 since # Interviewer: #2 clock # 856C: five o'clock Interviewer: oh today's a Monday so you'd say you'd say Sunday was when 856C: yesterday Interviewer: and Tuesday is is 856C: #1 tomorrow # Interviewer: #2 what # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: tomorrow Interviewer: well how long was your your daughter here when did she come 856C: she come a week ago she came last Saturday and stayed 'til this Sunday morning Interviewer: uh last Saturday you mean Saturday day before yesterday? 856C: yeah Interviewer: she she was just here two days? 856C: no she was here a week she came on a Saturday and left on a Sunday there for a week came on a Saturday and Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday and Saturday and then her husband come Saturday night and then they left yesterday she was here for eight days here Interviewer: she was out that's a good long visit 856C: yeah Interviewer: well then when you speak of the Saturday that one that you spoke of you said that that's what the last that was Saturday 856C: Saturday before last Interviewer: what about not this coming Saturday but the one after that how do you refer to that you um 856C: Saturday Saturday week well you could say a Saturday week Interviewer: uh do you ever u- uh uh if you speaking of uh of somebody staying for longer than your daughter stayed somebody staying like from the first of the month to the fifteenth of the month 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 or something # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # how long do you say they stayed 856C: they stayed two weeks Interviewer: do you ever say another word there like they said a fort 856C: fortnight? well now that's when you stay all night Interviewer: oh really? what is that 856C: fortnight that's the way I always classed it fortnight Interviewer: just one night 856C: come one afternoon and stay that night and make that a fortnight Interviewer: and what time would you say it is right now 856C: I'd say it's half past ten o'clock Interviewer: and fifteen minutes from now it'll be what time 856C: fifteen to eleven or ten forty-five Interviewer: is there any other way of saying that 856C: no fifteen to fifteen minutes to eleven or you just ten forty-five either way you wanna put it Interviewer: would you ever say it's a qu- 856C: quarter to eleven you could say a quarter to eleven Interviewer: and you'd say it that uh that nineteen seventy-five was when was nineteen seventy-six is is this 856C: now is now this year Interviewer: and nineteen seventy-five was 856C: last year Interviewer: and uh you know what do you say that the uh the weather's doing if it's if it's a pretty day like like this day that's uh a r uh just a pretty day and the clouds start to come out and begins to get dark and all 856C: weather's changing Interviewer: what about if it's all cloudy and dark and then the and then the sun starts to come out and it gets to be a pretty day 856C: sun's out and going to have a sunny day Interviewer: so you said that 856C: #1 nice # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: w- weather's changed Interviewer: so you'd say the weather's changing either 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 could be either # way 856C: either way you go Interviewer: well uh what are what are those things that make the clouds what are those things you know that they're in the sky those that the rain comes from 856C: clouds Interviewer: are there different kinds of those 856C: I believe so just dark clouds and Interviewer: {NW} Well any other kind of little animals like that that fly around like that that you have around here 856C: I can't recall if there's other than a fly bull frogs they don't fly they they sort of jump you know Interviewer: Oh yes well uh what do you call a woman whose husband has died 856C: A widow Interviewer: Uh what about if would you ever heard a name for a woman whose husband just left her 856C: Yeah I've heard this She's divorced Interviewer: You'd say she's divorced if her husband 856C: She's divorced just her husband just left her She's Interviewer: Well 856C: Lost her husband he quit her he left he ran off and left her Interviewer: Well uh if a woman you know if somebody came to a woman's door and asked her if she'd like to go somewhere or something 856C: Yeah Interviewer: If she didn't want to make up her mind she might say oh I must ask what 856C: Well she must ask her husband if she's married if she don't She'll ask one of her children or something like that Interviewer: Well if she's married so she'd say I must ask 856C: Ask Jake or Jan or Sam Interviewer: So she'd call about it 856C: Yeah yeah Interviewer: Well what about you if your wife was in the living room and I came to the door and asked if you and your wife wanted to go somewhere 856C: Well I'd tell you I don't have no wife or I'll go Interviewer: Well if your life were still living though you'd say I must ask 856C: Oh yeah I must ask my wife Interviewer: And do you ever hear anything else used there besides my wife or my husband 856C: No I don't believe I have or just ask the children or something Interviewer: I mean meaning the wife 856C: Yeah in my case it'd be me asking some of my children do they object to me going somewhere Interviewer: Who took care of you when you were little 856C: I'll show all the pictures of who took care of me when I was little Interviewer: You were telling me some about it yesterday 856C: This picture right here shows the man who took care of me Uncle Bud Gus that's blind Uncle Gus there Interviewer: Now blind Uncle Gus 856C: He went blind during the Civil War with sore eye You see his walking cane He'd walk from the stores a half mile back home without anybody going with him so he used to Interviewer: Oh really 856C: But that's man that's the man he was a single man never did marry Bud Uncle Bud Gus He raised me from the time I was five years old the way I am today Interviewer: Oh yes sir 856C: He's dead now Interviewer: This is blind Uncle Gus 856C: Blind Uncle Gus that's a picture of blind Uncle Gus Interviewer: You said that happened in the Civil War did you ever call the Civil War anything else 856C: No I don't believe I have He took sore eye from the Civil War and blind went blind I don't know I never had heard anything called the Civil War Interviewer: What about your parents tell me about them 856C: Well I have father and mother and they live together part-time but they couldn't get along and they finally divorced and we had three children two sisters and me and my mother gave me to Bud Gus the man I just showed you in the picture when I was about five years old and he raised me and my sister stayed with my mother in Oklahoma until she married again and they got grown and they married and that's the history of it Interviewer: Well what did what did you call your father 856C: Daddy Interviewer: Was there ever anything else you used there 856C: Papa Interviewer: Anything else just daddy and papa 856C: No Interviewer: What about your mom 856C: Call her mother or mama Interviewer: You ever hear anything else there 856C: No never heard Some folks call them by their name you know but I was raised different you know Interviewer: be polite to my parents 856C: What about your uh your father's father what would you call hims He was a good businessman and he bought land and put up a he owned a lake and farm and made a contract with the state {D: to convict} women on it And give the state half the profits And he'd done that for forty years That's my grandfather on my daddy's sides and my grandfather on my mother's side I told you yesterday {B} {D: the bear hunting judge} Interviewer: Well would you call him grandfather or what would you call him 856C: Grandpa or grandfather Interviewer: Do you ever hear any older people use anything besides Grandpa 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: Or any younger people using it 856C: No Interviewer: What is your 856C: Granddaddy you call them granddaddy Interviewer: What about his wife what would you call her 856C: Whose wife my daddy's wife Interviewer: Your grandfather's 856C: Grandpa and and I'd call her grandmother I'd call her grandmother my grandpa's wife I'd call grandmother Interviewer: Do you ever hear anything else there besides grandmother like 856C: {NW} Ma they'd call them ma or something like that somebody that didn't have any sense you know It wouldn't be polite to the parents Interviewer: You're talking about your grandmother 856C: Yeah they Interviewer: Call her ma 856C: Yeah they call her ma Interviewer: Well what do you ever hear any names like any kind of name like for a small baby just that you 856C: Infant call him an infant Interviewer: Well if you were on the street or something and there was a woman there with a baby you'd say well that sure is a pretty 856C: Child Interviewer: And if you didn't know the baby's name what would you call it did you have any name that you'd call it if you didn't know his name 856C: No I wouldn't have no name on the child or or certainly a beautiful infant Interviewer: Well what did your uncle Bud Gus call you 856C: He called me son Interviewer: Did you ever hear anything else there used like son wasn't really your name people might call you 856C: Well they call me now today they call me {B} the name but they call me Hyde for nickname Hyde My wife called me Height And a lot of people call me Hyde and a lot of people call me Hun I don't know why they put that name to me but I I reply back you know in the same way hun I put that name out some way or another and everybody in town knows me as Hun {B} Interviewer: You ever here any other names like that around here people would use like uh other kind of nicknames like that 856C: No Interviewer: That you can think of 856C: I can't think so Interviewer: Well your sister-in-law was telling me that you used some interesting names for some of the niggers on farms 856C: Oh yeah I know Interviewer: Tell me some of them 856C: Some of them was named Sunny Hardman He was a nigger farmer with me he lived with me we lived making crops with me and then some was Arthur O'Brien He had a wife and fifteen children Interviewer: But she said that you knew some nicknames for them for some of them 856C: Oh nicknames Well one nigger named Dick His name was Richard but they called him Dick and uh I can't recall right now what kind of names did give him Interviewer: His wife {X} like tadpole or something like that 856C: I don't know about tadpole Interviewer: Remember any names like that nicknames 856C: No Interviewer: Would you have any general kind of nickname you'd use it but for a baby just talking about babies 856C: Darling you'd call them darling child something like that Interviewer: Well if you had a baby and you had it what would you put the baby in to take him for a little you know out 856C: You'd take him in a little bucket and you'd take him and walk A lot of people didn't have those buckets you know they weren't able to buy them Would just push them along you know push them along But some of them would take them in their arms you know and carry them Interviewer: Well the buggy was the one that you'd the baby would 856C: Ride in You'd put him in there and it'd hold and fasten him in and he' You shove it and they ride in it on wheels Interviewer: Would would you lie down would the baby lie down 856C: No he'd just sit up Interviewer: You ever see one that the baby could lie down in 856C: Cradle I've seen a cradle the baby can lie down in which usually rolling along and just put you in a room and is like a bed you know but it had upholstering to it where it couldn't fall out You lay it down when it goes to sleep and put it in that Interviewer: Would you ever saw something with wheels on it that the baby could lie down in any kind of anything that you could lay the baby down in and then uh rolling riding in it 856C: Well they have some today that you do that but I don't know the name of it Interviewer: Well what about uh uh if a woman was going to have a child what would you say you'd say she's what 856C: She's pregnant Interviewer: Have you ever heard anything else there 856C: N- n- She's with a baby Uh she's pregnant Uh she's uh I don't know just those two names Interviewer: Well any ever heard something like a woman might say to another woman or or any joking way of talking about her or anything 856C: No Only I'm pregnant or I'm going to have a baby Interviewer: What about if uh if would there be any different term if a woman doesn't have a husband or something 856C: Well it'd be a different term she's Done got got with a child and unmarried Interviewer: So how would you say that is that how you'd say its 856C: I forgot how you would say it Most of the time you'd say that woman played hell That's what Well married you're gonna have a child and not married you know You'd say she's gonna have a bastard child Interviewer: And so you'd call the child a bastard 856C: Bastard child Interviewer: Have you ever heard a bastard child called anything else 856C: No never have Interviewer: Is there any joking way talking about that like would you say she got herself 856C: She got herself in trouble or got herself in a jam or something something like that Interviewer: Well if a woman was going to have a baby and she didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby what would you call the woman that she might send for 856C: Granny or granny Interviewer: Have you ever heard a granny called anything else 856C: Never have Interviewer: Any name that other people might use 856C: No just called her granny She'd be probably the nigger woman or white woman or something that knew how to deliver a baby without a doctor you know #1 and then # Interviewer: #2 Well # If uh if the woman had a baby and the baby grew up and had the same nose and eyes as his father did you'd say that boy what 856C: That boy got her pregnant and didn't marry her Interviewer: But 856C: He's the father of that child Interviewer: and then so you might know who the father 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Because you could look at the 856C: Yeah Interviewer: The child 856C: That's right Interviewer: So you'd say the child what the father 856C: The child is a child of that fathers Interviewer: But talking about how they look the s- 856C: Yeah they look the same got the same nose mouth and eyes Interviewer: So you'd say the child re- would you say the child resembles or favors 856C: Resembles Use the word resembles Resembles the boy or favor either one Interviewer: Well what about uh if you were talking about them acting the same if uh if a child grew up you know was living with his mother and father and if it was a young boy or something and he acted if his actions were the same as his father's you know if they had the same mannerisms 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say how would you say that 856C: Well he's the child of he's a bastard child and a child of Sam Jones or something like that Interviewer: No I mean uh if Sam Jones and this woman he got pregnant got married 856C: Yeah Interviewer: and then they they live for a while together and the child grew up and acted had the same mannerisms as his father 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say the child what his father 856C: His his child just like his daddy his father Interviewer: Would you say would it make any difference what you said if uh if you didn't like the way the child acted or if you liked the actions 856C: Yeah it'd make a difference Interviewer: How would you say it 856C: Well you'd say he's held just like his daddy is or or either he's a good child just like his daddy is Interviewer: And what about uh uh if uh if uh a woman's name were Martha and uh she had a child and the child was named Martha you'd say the little girl was what was named what her mother 856C: Named after her mother I have that same instance with me Interviewer: Oh really 856C: I have a child named Mary after its mother And I have a sister-in-law named Mary Martha Interviewer: I didn't realize that 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well uh when you were a child did you ever get in trouble and get punished for it 856C: Well I never got into trouble I My uncle Gus I was living with had a beautiful watermelon patch and I'd go in there and night and get me a melon me and a nigger or two and eat it so he discovered that some of his melons was missing and he knew who it was he knew it was me so he put a nigger down there at the watermelon patch at night with a shotgun and so we went down there me and this nigger and we got into the patch and that nigger raised up and pulled a shotgun up in the air you know and shot and scared us and we ran away and we never did go back to the watermelon patch Interviewer: Well when you were did he ever catch you for doing something say I'm gonna what would 856C: How's that Interviewer: Did your uncle ever catch you you know for acting wrong or something 856C: No never did only in that instance stealing watermelons when I was a child Interviewer: Uh well did he ever uh you know say you he was going to turn you over his knee and 856C: and spank me Interviewer: Did you ever get a spanking 856C: Never did I never did get a lick from my Uncle Gus at all My mother either one Interviewer: What about your children 856C: My children we spanked them a little time not much Interviewer: Well 856C: I got one child spanked once and I never did spank no more and that's Mary Martha and Mary Martha is the one I spanked Interviewer: Well when you speak of spanking would it make any difference what do you mean when you speak of spanking 856C: You hit them in the back end of the behind you know with your hand flat Interviewer: and 856C: Three or four licks Interviewer: What about if it was uh would it make any difference what they did or how what if it was more severe than that 856C: Well most of them there she does have to give them a whooping Interviewer: Now what is that 856C: A whooping is a little piece of brush uh a little piece of wood and spank them good with it and hit them with it on the legs and everything Interviewer: That would hurt 856C: Yeah that'd hurt more Interviewer: Anything stronger than that 856C: No Interviewer: Anything less than a spanking 856C: Shaking get him by the arms and shake him and teach him well and tell him you've done wrong or something like that Interviewer: Well what about uh if would it make any difference if you were doing this like the younger boys or older boys or anything if you had older boys who did something wrong would you say you were gonna give them a spanking or or a whooping 856C: You'd say you'd give them a whooping Interviewer: And what about though if it was a younger boys 856C: You'd give them a spanking Interviewer: And uh could you speak of giving an adult a spanking or a whooping 856C: Well not good you couldn't get by it you know they'd leave home you know but on a child you go hitting him he'd just pick up and leave Interviewer: Well so what would you how would you speak of that what would you do to an adult 856C: Talk to him Teach him what's best and what's worst Interviewer: Are any have you ever heard those things called anything else 856C: Never have Interviewer: Well uh your you had a brother s 856C: No I didn't have a brother I just had two sisters Interviewer: But your sister's son is your what 856C: Nephew Interviewer: And what would you call a child who had lost his father and his mother 856C: An orphan Interviewer: And who would be the person that looked after the child and all 856C: Well generally someone The father's or mother's parents would look after the child uncle or if he had an older brother or older sister would look after Interviewer: So you'd say that was the child's legal what 856C: Legal statute Interviewer: Would you ever say that was the child's legal guar- 856C: Legal guardian Yeah {NW} Interviewer: and uh if you were gonna have a party and invite all your cousins and nieces and nephews and all those people you'd say you were gonna invite all what 856C: All my kin folks Interviewer: Yeah what about the people in your house would you know if when you were when you had when all your family was home would you call them your kin folks 856C: {X} I'd I'd call my wife my wife and my children my children Interviewer: So just your wife and your children would be your what 856C: Be my family Interviewer: What about your grandparents what would you call them 856C: I'd call them grandmother and grandfather Interviewer: So would you say they were your kin folks 856C: Yeah Interviewer: or family 856C: They're the same as my kin folks Interviewer: Uh well if I said I saw a man down the street that looked just like you Mister {B} and he said his name was {B} then you might say well we have the same last name but we what if you weren't related you'd say 856C: Would no kin What would you call somebody like me who's never been in town before nobody knows here that just comes into town you'd say he was a a what Stranger Interviewer: Would it make any difference how far he came from 856C: Well it wouldn't make no difference he's from the state of Georgia and I'm saying he's a stranger here and they say he's from Georgia Interviewer: Well what about if he was from Japan or or 856C: Oh well that'd be different Interviewer: What would you say to something like that 856C: He's a he's not American he's a Chinese he just drifted in here Interviewer: What about somebody in England or something you'd say that person was a what 856C: Was an Englishman American Interviewer: Would you ever use the word foreigner 856C: Yeah use the word foreigner on somebody like from India or either Japan now coming into the United States if we didn't know we'd call him a foreigner come from Mexico Interviewer: Well when you were a child was there anybody around here who might say he was a preacher and would preach occasionally 856C: Yeah Interviewer: But not really do a very good job 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you call somebody like that 856C: Well you'd call him a A no-good preacher he's a preacher but he doesn't know the Bible Interviewer: Would you ever would you ever speak of somebody as being jackleg preacher anything like that 856C: Well I have heard of such of that Interviewer: What does that mean 856C: Jackleg preacher just half preacher don't know what he's preaching on Interviewer: Well could you ever speak of anybody else being jackleg 856C: Yeah jackleg bootlegger Jackleg preacher Interviewer: Well now so what would a jackleg bootlegger be somebody that didn't make good whiskey 856C: Yeah somebody that's peddling whiskey you know and wasn't doing it legally Manufactures his own whiskey Interviewer: Well could you ever speak of a bootlegger not being jackleg 856C: No I believe you just call him a bootlegger Interviewer: Well what about a carpenter or something 856C: Carpenter He's a Expert carpenter Or he's a good carpenter Interviewer: Could you speak of a jackleg carpenter 856C: Well no you speak of a jackleg carpenter he wouldn't be much of a carpenter Interviewer: What about a jackleg lawyer 856C: Well that'd be he's a lawyer but he's no good You know jackleg lawyer Interviewer: Could you speak of a jackleg teacher 856C: Yeah speak of a jackleg teacher Interviewer: Could you ever speak of a jackleg governor 856C: Well you might could He's he's got a position he's hold he's not qualified for it He's governor but he's not qualified to be governor Interviewer: What about a jackleg doctor or something like that 856C: Well same thing part of that Interviewer: You said you could say that 856C: They the same thing you could say that In other words they're not an excellent doctor or excellent preacher Just jackleg just picked up the business off handed you know and doesn't know what he's actually doing Interviewer: Well what relation would my mother's sister be to me 856C: Your mother's sister to you would be aunt Interviewer: So you'd say that was 856C: Aunt Dora Interviewer: So you wouldn't say it was uh if you were speaking you wouldn't say that's not my aunt that would be your 856C: John's aunt Interviewer: Or your 856C: Your your aunt Interviewer: Well uh uh were you in World War 856C: No Interviewer: Or did you ever 856C: I I never did serve in no war I was either too young or too old Interviewer: What do you call the commander of the armed forces 856C: Commander in chief Interviewer: And then he might be a four star 856C: General Interviewer: What about somebody are there some other titles like that like in Kentucky Fried Chicken what's the man's name 856C: Kentucky Fried Chicken I know what you're talking about I can't recall the name of it Interviewer: Uh would you ever speak of him that man's name is Sanders 856C: Sanders Interviewer: But you wouldn't call him Mister Sanders you'd call him 856C: I don't know Interviewer: Well uh uh would you ever call is there a title like col- 856C: Kern Interviewer: Colonel 856C: Colonel oh yeah colonel Interviewer: What is that 856C: He's a colonel in the army or armed forces He's not a general but he's a he's a colonel Interviewer: Do you know any colonels 856C: No I don't know any Interviewer: What about the man who's in charge of the ship what would you call him 856C: You I don't know what you'd call him unless you'd call him commander of the ship He wouldn't be called a colonel would he Interviewer: Did you ever call him a ca- 856C: He's captain You call him captain of a ship Interviewer: Would you ever use captain anywhere else 856C: Well you could and my grandfather was in his country because they called him captain captain Interviewer: Where else anywhere else like uh uh would 856C: A football team they have a captain on the football team Interviewer: Well you know your grandfather working with those convicts were they white men 856C: They were niggers Interviewer: So would it be something just niggers would use to a white employee or would anybody use it 856C: They call him captain Interviewer: Do you ever hear white people call their employer a captain 856C: No Interviewer: And what do you call a person who goes to college you'd say he was a a what 856C: College student Interviewer: Would you call a student if a person went to high school would you say he was as 856C: High school student Interviewer: What about uh to elementary school 856C: Well the same way he goes to the elementary school he's a student at elementary high school Interviewer: Well what do you call a woman who might do your typing for you handle your 856C: Stenographer Interviewer: Would you ever uh hear another word there like somebody who uh 856C: Typist Interviewer: Uh 856C: You use typist Interviewer: What is your sister in law's job 856C: She's a stenographer down there at Gibb Brothers Interviewer: Did you ever hear uh that called anything else 856C: Not that I know Interviewer: You might say she 856C: Typist Interviewer: Mister Gibbs' private 856C: Private Interviewer: Se- 856C: Secretary private secretary Interviewer: What about uh do you watch television very much 856C: Not much not since my wife died Interviewer: What do you call the women on television who play on movies and stuff 856C: Stars Call them stars Interviewer: So you'd say she's a real good 856C: Movie star Interviewer: Well you wouldn't say she was an actor 856C: No Interviewer: You'd say she's a real good a- 856C: Actress actress Interviewer: And uh and do you ever hear niggers called anything else besides negroes or niggers 856C: Well I hear lately they call them negroes All I know them is niggers Interviewer: Ever heard anything else though 856C: No colored they call them colored person Interviewer: And tell me about that like who calls them by these different things 856C: Well a nigger is a colored man He's a black race of people Now they're called the black race of people you know since they're all been converted and everything and uh they'd call they'd have nicknames for them and all like that you know Interviewer: Well would uh uh would you call them would you call different ones negroes and niggers or do you call them all does it make any difference 856C: You call them by their names Interviewer: Would you uh did you use words like negro and nigger in different places 856C: Yeah different places Interviewer: Where would you use them 856C: Well you'd be talking to somebody about a nigger and then nowadays you talk of the negroes Interviewer: And what about us people like us how do you refer to our you'd say we aren't niggers we're 856C: We're white race we're Americans we're American people Interviewer: So uh is there any other way saying that then you said we're white race 856C: Yeah we're white race Interviewer: Any other way of saying white race 856C: No American race Interviewer: Well have you ever heard any other word though used there like uh uh you know he's just an old if somebody like uh what about somebody like out in the country somebody who'd never been to town or anything 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Just sort of a real backwoods what would you call somebody like that 856C: I don't know what you'd call him Interviewer: Well would you ever hear any names for like like very poor white people 856C: Yeah very poor white people Interviewer: What would you call them 856C: You'd call them very poor white people or very low class of people Interviewer: Any other words you'd use there you'd say well they're just 856C: Common people Interviewer: What does common mean 856C: Common means you're just common you you don't have no education or nothing like that you know You're just common person Interviewer: Well do you ever use a word like if you were talking about uh a girl named Sally or something would you Sally is very common would that what would that mean 856C: That would mean that she's practically no good or something like that Interviewer: Could you ever use that complimentary 856C: Yeah you use that complimentary Complimen- complimenting Say she's sure a fine girl a pretty girl or something like that Interviewer: But you couldn't say she was common and be 856C: No Interviewer: That wouldn't be nice 856C: No it wouldn't be nice Interviewer: Would you ever hear words like redneck or 856C: Redneck No Interviewer: Ever heard that or peckerwood 856C: Peckerwood I've heard of peckerwood with that Peckerwood is a bird that flies on the side of a tree and pick holes in the tree to eat Bark and stuff That's called a peckerwood and he's a bird Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people called peckerwoods 856C: No never have Interviewer: Have you ever heard a peckerwood called anything else 856C: Never have heard a peckerwood called anything else Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a cracker 856C: Cracker yeah I've heard of cracker Well there's two crackers there's boxes of crackers you eat and there's a whip that you can crack and pop you know you call that a cracker Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people called crackers or anything 856C: No I never have Interviewer: Have you ever heard name for like a people who live way back in the 856C: Pinewoods He's way back in the pinewoods he lives way back in the pinewoods he's no good or he's common Interviewer: Now when would you use that who would you be talking about there 856C: When talking about the man who lives way back in the woods he doesn't know any news or hear anything hasn't got no education or nothing Interviewer: Well uh would uh would you could you ever call like a like the president pinewoods or 856C: No no Interviewer: Or what about uh have you ever heard you've never heard of a person called a cracker though 856C: Never have heard {NW} Interviewer: Well what would you call a child who has who has some white blood and some nigger blood 856C: Call him a bastard child or he's American half nigger and half white Interviewer: Do you ever hear any other names there 856C: I don't believe I have Interviewer: Uh what about if you just had a little nigger blood a long time ago 856C: He's inherited from nigger blood from years past Interviewer: Well would you have any name for people with real light colored skin you know could pass either way 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you call them 856C: You'd call them you don't know what to call them you don't know what they are Interviewer: So what would the word you use there be 856C: I don't know whether you'd use the word colored or not there Interviewer: Would you ever hear a word like mulatta or something like that 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What's that 856C: That's a different kind of blood mulatto I think it is Interviewer: Is it part nigger or what 856C: Part nigger and part white Interviewer: Have you ever heard of Cajuns 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What are they 856C: They a lot of Cajuns live in Louisiana They're a race of people like They got French blood in them and American blood in them all mixed up Cajun Interviewer: Well uh uh you know we were talking about the like the pinewoods people 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well would niggers ever call them anything different 856C: No I'd always call them a nigger until here lately you've kind of got the spectrum you know the government's behind them and you call them negroes or black race Interviewer: Well would a nigger though ever call a poor white person anything different would you would you hear 856C: No unless he said a damn white man or something like that Interviewer: Well uh what would you call uh what would the people who work for you on the farm call you 856C: Hands Interviewer: Well what would they call you 856C: They call me mister Mister {B} Interviewer: They call you mister {N} Would you ever hear anything else any older terms 856C: Uh-uh Interviewer: What'd they call your grandpa 856C: Captain {B} Interviewer: And would you ever hear like would what about if you had the white people working for you would they call you {B} and uh would you ever hear of a hoosier as a kind of person 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: And uh 856C: I don't know what a hoosier is Interviewer: Well um would you have anything with somebody like a pinewoods man you know who come into town and you see him on the street just sort of looking right not knowing which way to go what would you call somebody like that 856C: Call him must be a damn fool or something like that Interviewer: Well what do you call this part of 856C: Forehead Your forehead Interviewer: And uh and this 856C: Your head and hair Interviewer: So if you had hair right here what would you call it 856C: Well I don't know they've got Everybody has got it there now they look like fools to me I don't know what they what you call that mustache Interviewer: All over 856C: All over Mustache going all down his neck and on his face and everything Interviewer: Would you ever hear some other word there though 856C: No Interviewer: Like a bear- 856C: Beard Yeah I heard it called beard Interviewer: And what do you call this 856C: Ear Interviewer: Well which one my left 856C: Left Interviewer: And my 856C: Right ear Interviewer: What do you call this 856C: Your mouth Interviewer: And in my mouth 856C: Teeth Interviewer: And one just one of them though you call one 856C: Tooth Interviewer: What do you call this part right here 856C: Call it the neck Interviewer: And the thing inside 856C: Throat Interviewer: You know there's a thing that goes up and down there 856C: Goozle Call it the goozle Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything else 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: And um what about the stuff that your teeth are in 856C: Gums Interviewer: And this part 856C: Your hand the palm of your hand Interviewer: And I have two 856C: Two Interviewer: Two 856C: Two ten fingers Interviewer: But uh 856C: Two hands and ten fingers Interviewer: What do you call these 856C: Knucks Interviewer: You'd say 856C: Boxing Interviewer: You call them your knucks 856C: Knucks fist #1 Call them # Interviewer: #2 That the same # 856C: Fist yeah Interviewer: So one 856C: Is is a fist Interviewer: And two 856C: Two knucks Interviewer: So would you say one fist and two knucks 856C: Yeah one fist and two two knucks one knuck Interviewer: Would you ever say two 856C: two knucks Interviewer: Or two 856C: Two fists Interviewer: What do you call a place where you can bend you'd say 856C: Your arms your muscle Interviewer: You'd say you were real sore in the 856C: Yeah in the palm of your hand or your wrist Interviewer: In the j- 856C: In the joint or wrist Interviewer: Well if you were sore in your joints it might be because you had an old people's disease 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What's that disease 856C: Uh let me see what's the name of that disease Interviewer: Would you ever hear it called rheu- 856C: No Interviewer: Ar- 856C: Right r- Interviewer: Rheumat- 856C: Rheumatism Interviewer: Is that what it is 856C: Yeah it'd be rheumatism or either another name they got for it now Interviewer: Ar- 856C: Arthritis Interviewer: What do you call this part of your body 856C: Chest Arms elbows shoulders Interviewer: And uh and this thing here 856C: That's your leg Interviewer: And this is my 856C: Toes foot feet Interviewer: And uh this part of your leg right here the 856C: That's the limb I reckon Interviewer: You'd say she kicked me in the the sh- 856C: On the thigh Interviewer: Did you ever call this the shins or the shanks 856C: Shanks call it shanks Interviewer: And what about this part right here then 856C: That's your leg hip bone Interviewer: If I was like this you'd say I was doing what 856C: Squatting Interviewer: Or you'd say I got down on my 856C: On your hunkers or on your knees or something Interviewer: And well you know if you were if you had been sick or something and been in bed for a long time and you just weren't feeling too well but you were up around again and I might see you on the street and say well I'm glad to see you're up but you still look a little bit 856C: Pale a little bit bad Interviewer: Is there any other word you could use there 856C: A little bit weak Interviewer: How would you say you felt though if you looked that way 856C: Well you'd say I feel I feel kind of funny or kind of weak Interviewer: And uh if somebody couldn't hear you'd say he was stone 856C: Stone deaf Interviewer: And what about if he uh if he could uh if somebody can't hear well you'd say he's just a little 856C: Little deaf Interviewer: And uh uh what about if uh if you went out and you worked hard all day and you came back in you took your shirt off and just worn all over you'd say look how I 856C: Sweat look how I've perspired Got really wet Interviewer: And what would you call a sore place like a little discharge sore you know that comes to a head 856C: Yeah rising Call it a rising bunion or something Interviewer: Would you ever hear that called anything else like a bo- a boil 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: You've never heard a rising called a boil 856C: No Interviewer: What about when the rising opens what's the stuff that comes out of it called 856C: Busted it got right Interviewer: So what's the stuff that comes out called 856C: Pus Interviewer: Any other names for it 856C: Corruption Interviewer: And you said a rising how many cores does it have just one 856C: Just one I reckon I don't know Interviewer: Have you ever seen one with a lot of cores 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you call that 856C: I don't know what you'd call it but you'd just call it a lot of cores She's got a bunion on her Interviewer: So would you call that a ri- 856C: Rising too Interviewer: Well if your arm you know you've got infected or something you'd say it would do what it would like get big 856C: Like get might swell swollen Interviewer: And you'd say yesterday my hand got infected and began to 856C: Swell yeah swell up begin to th- Interviewer: Do what 856C: Begin to swell up or hurt Interviewer: And uh if you had a blister where would you cut it to let it drain 856C: When it's just white head becomes white And then you puncture it with a knife or a pin or something and drain it out Interviewer: What's the stuff that comes out 856C: Pus Interviewer: Out of a blister 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything else 856C: Never have Interviewer: Like water or {X} or anything like that 856C: No corruption I've heard it called corruption Interviewer: Even in a blister is that the same 856C: Yeah Interviewer: The clear stuff that comes 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well what's the you say the best time is when it what about if you were cooking something with a stove and you touch the hot stove you know and you got a place on your hand 856C: You blistered it Interviewer: And now what would you call the stuff inside there 856C: Call it a blister I don't know what you'd call what would be in it but it'd be water or something Interviewer: And what would be the best time to open that up 856C: When the heads become white you know up top Let me go in here Interviewer: Oh certainly {NS} Well what would you call it if you got shot or something you'd say you had a bad what 856C: Bad arm or something got shot Interviewer: Well you'd say the doctor had to look at the what the w- 856C: The wound Interviewer: Did you ever see a wound you know that somebody didn't take care of and it'd have little white grainy stuff all over it 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What do you call that kind 856C: We call that blood poison or something Interviewer: So you'd say did you ever hear it called some kind of uh flesh or something 856C: No Interviewer: Ever heard of proud flesh 856C: Oh yeah proud flesh Interviewer: What's that 856C: That's skin that has turned to pus Interviewer: Is that what 856C: Got infected Interviewer: What do you do with proud flesh 856C: You cut it out you take I think a knife or something and cut the proud flesh out Interviewer: Well do you keep something in your medicine cabinet or something that you might put on your finger if you get a cut a little bottle with a skull and cross bones on it 856C: No I don't but I should do it Interviewer: What 856C: Mercurochrome or something like that you put on your face cut Interviewer: Would you ever hear of something that little brown liquid that stings is that it 856C: Yeah that's mercurochrome Interviewer: Ever heard of that called something like 856C: Iodine Interviewer: Is that the same thing 856C: Same thing Interviewer: Well what about when you were a child people whenever you'd get malaria 856C: Yeah I- that's caused by mosquito bites Interviewer: Oh what would they give the tonic for it 856C: I don't know what they'd do they'd fix up some kind of medicine and give them Interviewer: Have you ever heard of some kind of little white pill they'd give them 856C: No I never have Interviewer: Qui- quinine or quinine 856C: Quinine you give them quinine Interviewer: And uh if somebody uh you know got shot and just didn't recover you'd say that he did what 856C: He died Interviewer: Is there any other way of saying that 856C: Well I suppose it is but I can't if he didn't get well he's injured He's injured Interviewer: Is there any other way of saying he died like you know like to save people's feelings or something 856C: Yeah he I can't recall Interviewer: If any uh what about uh if it was somebody that nobody liked very much they were sort of glad 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say well that old {X} finally 856C: Finally died the old son of a bitch Interviewer: So would you 856C: Yeah Interviewer: That he died 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well like if you didn't know why he died I don't know what he died 856C: With what he died Interviewer: Where would he be buried 856C: He'd be buried out in the cemetery somewhere somewhere he'd be buried Interviewer: Would you ever hear a cemetery called something else 856C: Graveyard Interviewer: Is that the same thing 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What about the little kind like you might see around a church or out at the old farm or something 856C: Well that's a graveyard Interviewer: What do you call the wooden box that people 856C: Coffin Interviewer: Ever heard of that called anything else 856C: No Interviewer: Uh like a 856C: Wooden box or frame Interviewer: You ever heard a coffin called anything else 856C: No Interviewer: And then uh what about uh the service you'd say that everybody turned out for his 856C: For his services Interviewer: Well what services do you call the ceremony 856C: Ceremony would be called the be called uh Interviewer: A fu- 856C: Funeral Interviewer: And uh what would you call the people who dressed in black you'd say they were in 856C: Dressed in black Well you're not speaking about pallbearers are you Interviewer: The people like the family you'd say they were in the widow was in 856C: Mourning or something like that Interviewer: And uh if somebody uh uh you know did children when you were a child ever die of some kind of a very severe sore throat with blisters on the inside 856C: Huh Interviewer: What was that called 856C: That was called sore throat Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called dip 856C: Diphtheria diphtheria Interviewer: And what about did anybody ever have a disease that made their skin turn yellow 856C: Well I suppose so but I don't know of any Oh yeah cancer will make your skin turn yellow I saw a friend of mine a good friend of mine the other day had been out of work for five months on account of his liver had a bad liver and had been living in Houston at the hospital and I saw him and I didn't recognize him he had a yellow color Interviewer: Hmm 856C: And he said they had cancer Interviewer: Well did you ever hear like a disease like your skin and your eyeballs turn yellow like jau- yellow jaun- 856C: Yellow jau- yellow jaundice Interviewer: Did you ever hear that 856C: Yeah I heard that Interviewer: Well what would you call it if you had to have your appendix taken out you'd say you had 856C: Operation Interviewer: A case of of 856C: Appendicitis Interviewer: And where would you go to have that done 856C: You'd got to the hospital Interviewer: And at the hospital a doctor and a 856C: Nurse Interviewer: And uh when a child you know might go to kindergarten 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And then from the kindergarten he'd go into what 856C: High school Interviewer: But before that he'd go he'd start in the you'd say are you in the third grade and you'd say no he's just a he's in the 856C: First grade or he's in the eighth grade Interviewer: Did you ever hear the first grade called anything else 856C: No Interviewer: And in the first grade you would sit at a what 856C: You'd sit at a bench a little basically sit at a table Interviewer: Did the what about at high school what would you sit at 856C: You'd sit at in a desk Interviewer: Would they have a lot of those 856C: Yeah Interviewer: About how many 856C: Oh as many students would be in a class That's the place you'd sit them all in and you've got a little table in front of you with it you know Interviewer: So you'd say you'd have at least five what in the room 856C: Five students Interviewer: Or so five students would mean five de- 856C: Desks Interviewer: And what do you call a building like in a college or something where they keep all the books 856C: Library Interviewer: And if you went downtown you might go down to mail a package at the 856C: Post office Interviewer: And where do you stay in town if you're a stranger you go to the 856C: Go to the chamber of commerce if you're a stranger Interviewer: And you want to spend the night at the 856C: At the hotel Interviewer: And if you wanted to see a play or something where would you go to see that 856C: You'd go to the picture show or high school or something like that Interviewer: Is there any older name for a picture show 856C: Theater Interviewer: And uh where would you go to catch the train 856C: Go to the depot Interviewer: You ever hear the depot called anything else 856C: Call it train or station Interviewer: The rail 856C: Rail station rail road call it a rail road station Interviewer: What do you call that place around the courthouse there that's the what 856C: That's the {NS} You would say there was a yard Interviewer: Well the open place there though 856C: I know you call that a Interviewer: All those buildings are on the 856C: On the call that a square Interviewer: And uh and the courthouse is here because Huntsville is the what 856C: County seat Interviewer: Well if uh if this chair doesn't sit straight with the wall it's sitting at an angle 856C: Yeah Interviewer: So you'd say it was what to the corner 856C: It's it's diagnostic It's either it's Interviewer: Ca- would you ever say it was catty corner or 856C: Catty corner Interviewer: {X} 856C: Yeah you'd say catty corner with the wall Interviewer: And uh when you were in Houston when you were younger what did you ride in on the street 856C: Rode or walked in the street either got a buggy when I was younger now they had buggy service Interviewer: Did they ever have a thing that ran on a 856C: Street cars you're talking about street cars yeah they had street cars Interviewer: What did you say you might pull that little string you know 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say I 856C: I want to get off at the next corner Interviewer: And uh what about did you ever have a cat or anything 856C: A what Interviewer: Cat as a pet 856C: No I never have Interviewer: Well if you had a cat and it was rubbing up against the door there you know you might say the cat what 856C: Cat is itching Interviewer: And the cat wants 856C: Wants outdoors Interviewer: And uh what are the police supposed to do they're supposed to maintain what 856C: Maintain the city with violations {X} violations you know rescue people Interviewer: And uh and uh so you say they're supposed to maintain law law would you ever say they were supposed to keep the take care of the law 856C: Yeah Interviewer: How would you say that they're supposed to maintain 856C: Maintain law and order Interviewer: And uh when you were a child did they ever do any how did they kill murderers or something 856C: Well they hang them Interviewer: They did tell me about that 856C: Well I know when in Houston where a nigger married a woman and she had a lot of cattle and little money so he married her and he come to Huntsville and got some poison medicine and gave it to her said the doctor said to take that and he killed her and they hung him and he got all the cattle you know and sold them got the money so they had his trial and they hung him over there {X} on the rail road track Interviewer: Did you see that 856C: No I didn't see but right I was living at that time though That was about nineteen five Interviewer: Well before did anybody ever do that to themself you'd say 856C: Yeah they killed themself Interviewer: They said the man went out and 856C: Sh- Interviewer: If he did it with a rope though you'd say 856C: Hung himself Interviewer: And uh what are some of the states around here you know the around here the other states 856C: States or counties Interviewer: The states 856C: There's uh state Louisiana Oklahoma Arkansas and California or something like that There's about five counties joining Walker County here Interviewer: And this Walker County is in what state 856C: Texas Interviewer: And uh do you know any other states though like what's the capital of the country 856C: Well the capital of Oklahoma would be uh Interviewer: Of the United States 856C: Capital Washington Washington DC is the capital of the United States Interviewer: What are the names of churches around here 856C: Methodist Baptist different names for them Interviewer: And if some people decided they wanted to become members of the church you'd say they gave what 856C: They joined they joined the church Interviewer: And who you'd say they they go to church to pray to who would they pray to in church 856C: Pray for for theirself Interviewer: To you pray to 856C: Pray to confession religion I reckon Interviewer: But uh in church you say they wanted to go to church to worship 856C: The preacher Interviewer: Would you say they went to worship the preacher 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And uh but the preacher you'd say was the person who was supposed to interpret the word of 856C: God Interviewer: What would what did the preacher preaches a what 856C: Sermon Interviewer: And what does the choir do they provide 856C: They provide the music and singing Interviewer: And if you liked it a lot you'd say that music was very what today 856C: Very beautiful sounded very beautiful Interviewer: And uh if uh if you had a change a flat tire or something on the way to church you'd say that uh well church was over but uh what 856C: Before I got there Interviewer: Uh or if you were changing the tire you'd say well if we don't hurry 856C: We'll be late for church Interviewer: You'd say church will be over 856C: Yeah when we get there Interviewer: Would you ever say by the church will be over 856C: By the time we get it fixed Interviewer: And uh when you were a child did people ever try to scare you like keep you in line by saying so and so is going to get you 856C: No Interviewer: Who would did you ever hear that 856C: Yeah I've heard that Interviewer: What would they say who would they say 856C: Say you'd better watch out somebody is gonna get you Interviewer: Who would they say was gonna get 856C: They Well they just said they're gonna get you law somebody else some boyfriend or girlfriend is gonna get you Interviewer: Well what about uh did they ever say anything like if you don't watch out the de- the de- the devil 856C: The devil will get you Interviewer: Did you ever say that 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Did they ever call the devil anything else 856C: Not that I know of Interviewer: Well uh like when you speak of the devil do you mean the man with the horns and the pitchfork 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Is that how 856C: I speak of the devil he's down underground in in in the Interviewer: And uh 856C: place where you die when you don't live right Interviewer: And uh did people were people ever scared of something getting them like a graveyard at night or something 856C: Yeah ghost they'd be afraid of ghosts Interviewer: And uh where would they say the ghost live if there was an old house that nobody liked to go near they'd say that it was a what kind of house 856C: An old house a ghost house Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else like a hau- a hau- 856C: No Interviewer: A haunted house 856C: A haunted house haunted Interviewer: And who 856C: They call it a haunted house Interviewer: Who would live in a haunted house 856C: Nobody nobody lived in a haunted house Interviewer: But people would think 856C: Yeah Interviewer: That 856C: They'd think yeah they'd pass by there and get scared and always hurry Interviewer: Would you ever hear ghosts called anything 856C: Yeah they're ghosts spirits Interviewer: Anything else like haints or anything 856C: Haints spirits ghosts Interviewer: And uh {NS} Interviewer: try this out, so how are you this morning? 856C: alright, doing alright Interviewer: okay good 856C: I told my sister-in-law, she rang me I helped my daughter get from here to Louisiana last night want to know how I came out, I told her I come out alright I said you like to kill me asking me questions {NW} what is that Interviewer: oh that's alright, that's fine 856C: pull that chord chord? oh I see it now, yesterday we were talking you mentioned about cotton yeah Interviewer: you talking about the cotton and um and you know when you- when you plant a cotton what do you call those things that it- that- that you plant the seeds in themselves? 856C: well you'd call it cotton plow, you plant a seed they come out in front of the two little plow behind that covers it Interviewer: and they drop into the what? 856C: they drop into a row down in the middle soil and- and then a plow behind the planter little sweep- sweeps- little sweeps covers the seed and then you wait and- 'til it comes up, you'll be fortunate if you get a rain in the next two three days now no hard pecking rain, it'll put more seed and it'll come right on up right quick Interviewer: {X} the plow cuts away #1 what do you call that? # 856C: #2 the cow # the plow moves up a furrow, the plow moves up a furrow and the planter follows you now you can beat that in one way by having a riding planter riding planter will rope them up if- with a sweeper in the front and those two little sweeps behind covers up well that's one man driving a team to a riding planter but a walking planter you take a single stock and open up your room and then a cutting planter follows it covering up the seed Interviewer: well when you were uh first started farming did you ever open up any more land that- that had- you know had trees or something on it? 856C: yeah I've opened up land, cleared land Interviewer: and what about roads, did you ever open up a- cut out the shrubs and trees? 856C: yeah I've cut out shrubs and trees and cleared land Interviewer: would you say you were clearing land if you're putting a road through, do you- is that how you do it? 856C: well you'd be clearing land if you've- you've uh cleared and put roads there for publishing you know, for planting publishers and stuff Interviewer: well what about a- a- a road to travel or something 856C: well that's a turn road between fields you won't be running over your plants, you know cotton or corn if you've got a turn road that you follow you know down to the field Interviewer: what kind of corn did you grow? 856C: growed up ear corn Interviewer: the kind that you eat or the kind that you- 856C: yeah kind you eat too, particularly they call it field corn on the cob, it's grown on a cob you know and a shuck covers it Interviewer: how do you eat that kind of it? 856C: well you just cut it up, you don't eat that kind you make hominy out of that kind, a person does but your add-ons you can just cut that- that uh ear corn in two or three places and they'll- they'll eat it themself Interviewer: what- have- have you ever made hominy? 856C: yeah I've made hominy Interviewer: how'd you do that? 856C: you put water in a big old pot and boil it and then put corn in there and 'til it gets done 'til it all comes to the top Interviewer: do you have to put anything in there with it or- 856C: no you don't have to put anything in it Interviewer: and then when it comes to the top what do you do with it? 856C: you take it out Interviewer: is it made- 856C: when you think it's done you know you take it out and put it in crocks or something save it for when I eat hominy, hominy's good eating Interviewer: did you ever uh grind up the corn and make something out of that? 856C: meal, ground up corn made meal out of it Interviewer: oh you did? 856C: you take that to the mill- the mill house you know in each community they have a mill grind the meal up you know grind the corn up for meal well after you take it over in sacks and let them grind you up some Interviewer: well what wa- 856C: twenty-five fifty pounds of meal Interviewer: what did you do the- with the meal? 856C: eat it and make cornbread out of it Interviewer: #1 cornbread, what kind of cornbread? # 856C: #2 yeah make # hominy and then cornbread Interviewer: what kind of cornbread did you make? 856C: good cornbread- corn- because corn you know cornbread is made out of corn Interviewer: but I mean- how did- did you ever see anybody make it? 856C: no I've never seen anybody make it but I've seen em make cornbread now Interviewer: right that's what I mean, how- 856C: yeah I've seen em make cornbread Interviewer: how do you do that? 856C: they just stir it up real good, put a little salt on it and put it- put some flour on top of it and everything and put in the stove and cook it and you've got a pie hominy, you call that a pie hominy Interviewer: #1 it's cornbread, you call it a pie hominy? # 856C: #2 yeah # pie hominy Interviewer: how about- 856C: it's good eating too Interviewer: is it thick? 856C: yeah it's thick Interviewer: about what like two or three inches? 856C: yeah about two or three inches thick you just put it in the pan and put it in the stove and cook it Interviewer: do you ever eat any other kind of cornbread? 856C: no I've never eaten any other cornbread just- I've made it out of corn, that's all that's what we call cornbread because it's made out of corn now I've eaten light bread made out of flour and stuff Interviewer: how- how do you do that, how do you make light bread? 856C: well I've never made no light bread but you make up a dough and size it up like a loaf of bread and put it in a stove and bake it 'til it becomes brown and you think it's done and you take it out and you put slices and that's called uh light bread #1 cuz # Interviewer: #2 can you make light bread at home? # 856C: no Interviewer: what kind of light bread do you eat here then? 856C: buy it, buy it at the store Interviewer: so you call that what kind of bread? 856C: light bread call it light bread, different people makes it now Mary Beards is about the biggest seller here in Walker county there's Beards bread she's been making bread for a hundred years of course she's dead now but her sons keeps it up Interviewer: well so you wouldn't say that she- that wouldn't be any kind of a- a homemade bread, that'd just be a 856C: well that'd be homemade bread Interviewer: oh it would? 856C: they had when they just getting started out she was making homemade bread you know like that for the neighbors to sell and it just grew and grew and grew until she had to put up a factory and she got trucks riding in every city around in Texas delivering her bread today her grandsons have- has Interviewer: so well you wouldn't say that- but now a days you don't make that- that's not homemade- that's 856C: no you buy your light bread already made now Interviewer: so would you call- you call that store- store bought 856C: store bought bread Interviewer: #1 well you know yesterday you mentioned hay too, we were talking about the hay stack, did you ever cut the hay more than one time? # 856C: #2 yeah # yeah I've cut hay at one time and then you rake it up in wind rolls and a baler come along and uh and bale it up for you Interviewer: well did you ever uh cut it again after you cut it 856C: yeah you get second cuttings yeah it depends on the weather if you get rains you know after you cut it first time you get enough rains and all to make it grow the stubs and all and you just- you can get a second cutting Interviewer: what- what do you do with that second cutting? 856C: well you say feed it to your cattle or save it or sell it or whatever you want to do Interviewer: you don't ever- you don't leave it out on the field 856C: oh no you don't leave it out in the field but now a days they leave they're- they're baling it and leaving it in fields in great big rolls call them bale rolls and tie em and now they're somewhat whole- save you a whole lot of trouble just some send your- put your cows in a pasture and they go to those hays rolls and eat what hay they want, you don't have to pay for labor no lose time and tab or bill I hate it all they bale it in twenty bale lots great big rolls and leaves it in the field weather doesn't hurt it Interviewer: well you said you- you grew corn, did you ever uh have a field that you didn't plant again that some corn came up in, it's left over from the year before? 856C: well you- yeah you'd cut that out if you had cotton in it if you planting cotton in it and you had corn in it the year before that you'd cut the corn out Interviewer: what do you call that corn that comes up again, It's just a 856C: it's Interviewer: I mean if you- if you had a field you know and some corn just some seeds just fell on the ground, and then just popped up by themselves 856C: well just- just corn and galore you know from the first peck, you'd cut that out Interviewer: is that the same as like uh- uh volun- 856C: volunteer, you talking about volunteer, you can call that volunteer corn that came out it's seed that didn't get seeded right and it finally come up again sprouted and came up again Interviewer: what about wheat, do people ever grow wheat around? 856C: not around here Interviewer: did you ever see it growing? 856C: I never did see it wholly grow, no they grow it in Oklahoma and around Interviewer: oh they do? 856C: but I- I've had neighbors that farmers made after they got through with the crop they'd put out the wheat fields to make em big money Interviewer: oh they would? 856C: yeah Interviewer: well I've heard that they tie em up into things about this big around, the wheat 856C: wheat Interviewer: #1 is that right # 856C: #2 well I don't # know I never have seen them bales tied up Interviewer: well I wouldn't know if that would be- that'd be a bundle or sheaf or what- what you'd call that 856C: call that a bundle I reckon Interviewer: and what would you do with those, do they stack those or do you know? 856C: they'll stack em and feed em to cattle and all Interviewer: what kind of- what do they stack em into? 856C: stack em on ground, stack em on ground in piles Interviewer: #1 so would you just call it a pile of bundles or a stack of bundles or what # 856C: #2 pile of bundles yeah # call it pile of bundles Interviewer: and uh what other crops did you grow around here? 856C: well that's about all I growed was cotton and corn, that's all I grew Interviewer: did you- 856C: now these people- a lot of people have a whole lot of vegetables now I had a vegetable garden now that I used for multiple purpose at home like turnip greens and mashed potatoes I'd plant and I'd plant mashed potatoes on a darker moon because the stuff you plant that produces on- under the ground makes better when you plant it on a darker moon, you get a full crop #1 well yeah # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know that # 856C: but on a light of the moon you take cotton, cotton is a- is a- cotton plant is it produces up, plant that on a lighter moon, that's what I believe in I believe in the moon, a lot of people's don't believe in the moon but I do Interviewer: what- so what does- what does that do, the moon makes it 856C: I don't know what the moon has affect on it but I've always been raised and taught if whatever you plant produces out of the ground like mashed potatoes and onions you plant em on the darker moon Interviewer: did you ever grow any other kind of potatoes? 856C: no, I only have growed- I've growed sweet potatoes- you set out sweet potato vines and they produce on the ground, the potato Interviewer: how do you store those things- kind of things in the wintertime? 856C: well you'd have a little house, a little shed room or something you'd call and you'd store what you wanted for the winter, kale Interviewer: did you ever see somebody store like sweet potatoes or Irish potatoes? 856C: yeah I've seen em store it Interviewer: under the ground or something? 856C: no they didn't store it underground, never did I never- never have seen nothing stored underground Interviewer: what else would you grow in your garden? 856C: gold-cut cabbage, peas, tomatoes and uh Interviewer: what- did you grow the big tomatoes or the little tomatoes? 856C: big tomatoes Interviewer: do you know a name for those little tomatoes? 856C: no I don't know the name of those little tomatoes Interviewer: you know the ones I'm talking about? 856C: I know the ones you talking about Interviewer: have you ever heard them called anything like tomatoes or cherry tomatoes or plum tomatoes- any- 856C: no I never have Interviewer: well would- you said- I know you grew sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes so when you uh just said you were gonna have potatoes which kind did you mean, the sweet potatoes- 856C: Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes is once- you generally- you get the Irish potatoes first you plant your Irish potatoes and then you can turn around and plant your sweet potatoes on the same bed Interviewer: well when you just think of potatoes do you think of Irish potatoes or sweet potatoes? 856C: well either one, you speak of either Irish potatoes or sweet potatoes either one you'd have to call the name out, whatever potato you're calling, talking about you know Interviewer: did you grow any uh anything else in your garden like uh- 856C: no I put- growed peas in the garden, that produces up above the ground you know Interviewer: peas? 856C: peas Interviewer: #1 what kind of peas, are those the ones you # 856C: #2 black eyed peas and then {X} # uh plant snap beans, all that produces above the ground put- plant that on the light of the moon, now that's what Interviewer: excuse me go ahead 856C: what I believe in is- is the moon Interviewer: what is the difference in peas and beans of a certain kind 856C: well peas is a little pea and beans is a larger- larger than peas Interviewer: #1 well don't you have # 856C: #2 different taste # Interviewer: don't you have to take something off the peas to eat em, they like come in a 856C: they come in a shell, you have to shell em they come in a shell and you have to open em up and shell em you know and then put the peas in one pan and hulls in another Interviewer: so those are- that's not the same as a snap bean, you don't have to do that to them 856C: no you don't have to do that to snap beans, you just grab and get you a bunch and cook em Interviewer: did you grow those little small red covered root kind of things that grow under the ground and they have little green tops, sort of peppery tasting 856C: I've growed pepper Interviewer: oh you have? 856C: I've growed pepper yeah Interviewer: #1 did you grow any- # 856C: #2 I put it out as a # pepper plant I planted in the- in the- in the dirt you know the- the plant and they produced pepper but it wouldn't produce pepper under the ground, it would produce pepper- pepper above the ground Interviewer: well did you ever grow those little things you use in a salad or a relish those little round red, they grow under the ground their roots 856C: no I don't believe I have Interviewer: radishes or- 856C: I don't know what you have relative to but I don't believe I have Interviewer: well like radishes or radish 856C: oh radishes yeah radishes they grow out of the ground I've produced radishes that's- that's easy, I like em too Interviewer: what about uh onions, what kind of onions, you say you grew onions 856C: you plant onion set, you put out onion plants you know and put it in the ground in a little hole and then pack the dirt around it and depends on how much onions you want for the home you usually plant five or six of the rows of onions and that's actually produced- produced out of the ground and then you go dig em up, fry em up Interviewer: did you grow any of the small kind that you'd eat the tops on? 856C: yeah well you would eat the tops of em once you grew on the ground you can cut the tops off- off of em and- and cook em and eat em when they're tender that way Interviewer: is that a different kind? 856C: no same kind of onion you- Interviewer: well what about those little uh shallots, spring onions whatever they are you know that- that come up and you do the- you eat the whole thing, you eat em when they're just sort of young and fresh, that- is that a different kind of onion? 856C: no it's not a different kind of onion it depends on the stage you- you pull em up at, you can pull em up when they're half grown or something and cut em up and cut the tops off and eat them too, it makes good seasoning onion tops, onion tops is good seasoning Interviewer: well you know you said you grew peas and snap beans, did you grow any other kind of beans that you have to take the shell off? 856C: no not that I- I planted um snap beans is all I know and then Interviewer: what about like some kind of a uh any like butter beans or lima beans 856C: oh plant butter beans yeah butter beans Interviewer: you did, what- now what kind were they? 856C: well butter beans they produce on top of the ground it's a- it's a bean you plant- plant and it comes up and you put- you- you pull em up and put uh pick the tops off of em and with the beans and everything on it they produce up above the ground Interviewer: does it make any difference like what size and color they are- are they- 856C: no it doesn't matter no size it depends on you what- what stage you want to get em at Interviewer: well what about uh uh those- have you ever seen those yellow string beans? 856C: yeah the string beans Interviewer: do you call those butter beans too? 856C: call them snap beans Interviewer: and what about the cabbages like what kind of size cabbages did you grow? 856C: you plant cabbage with a plant on a row and then the seedling would come along and rain and all make em grow and finally it comes to a head and when you want cabbage you go out and cut it up- cut the head off even with the ground and that's the head of cabbage right there the stalk doesn't mean anything Interviewer: how- what size were they- or are they? 856C: well they'd be twelve or fourteen inches around the- around the tops Interviewer: so you'd say cabbages are uh they're- I guess they're pretty big here 856C: yeah they're pretty big- you can put- you can cut- use them at any size you know they get up but that's throwing away money if you don't get full size you know Interviewer: did you ever take the tops of the turnips and you cut the messes off of them? 856C: never did Interviewer: any 856C: didn't- didn't- didn't do it, I'd eat turnips but I didn't eat the tops Interviewer: oh you didn't 856C: no Interviewer: does anybody around here do that? 856C: I don't know, I never have Interviewer: did you use any greens beside turnip tops, any other- any other greens 856C: not that I know of, we used snap beans and cabbage and lima beans well you use those too you know plant those lima beans and I had pinto beans as a good plant- a good pea to plant, pinto beans Interviewer: well what is a- what is the difference in a- in a lima bean and a butter bean? 856C: lima bean is smaller than a butter bean, butter beans is always flat and long now snap bean's a little round bean Interviewer: and the lima bean is uh the- the small round one? 856C: yes they're a little long, a lima bean is larger than a snap bean Interviewer: and how- in relation to a butter bean though what size is it? 856C: well it's the same thing, snap bean and the butter bean is about the same thing they're- different people call them different names you know snap bean and a butter bean is about the same thing Interviewer: how- what about color then, how do lima beans and snap beans or butter beans compare in color? 856C: well yellow beans uh plants are yellow when it comes up and goes to growing and snap beans are sort of green Interviewer: well when you eat snap beans do you eat the shell, leave the shell on it? 856C: leave the shell on, no you don't eat- leave the shell on when you cook em, you open em up and let the peas fall out and then you keep the pull- peas to cook and throw the hulls away Interviewer: but you call em snap beans 856C: snap beans Interviewer: did you ever make any kind of vegetable soup or anything? 856C: oh yeah Interviewer: what would you put in that? 856C: put in that tomatoes and corn out of the garden, rosemary as you know and tomatoes and corn and Interviewer: any of that kind of vegetable that's sort of gooey in the middle? 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call that? 856C: I don't know what you have referenced to there Interviewer: well uh you know it's a- it's a green vegetable that if you- if you brush your arm up against the plant it sort of- it's sticky- it's sort of 856C: oakwood, you talking about oakwood, oakwood yeah I've grown oakwood they grows up above the ground and you go when- when he gets kind of halfway grown tender the stuff grows up go pull it off the vine and cook it Interviewer: did you ever use that if it gets full grown? 856C: I've used it but it's tough Interviewer: what do you use it the same way? 856C: same way but tender- tender oak was what you want to cook for your own self now I know that you uh plant oakwood to sell or something like that you speaking about the garden, that's what I'm speaking about I never did plant no oakwood in the field it'll naturally come up in the field now volunteer come up in the field from last year, seeds you know that falls on the ground Interviewer: oh it did? 856C: yeah you'd plant seeds of cotton and naturally with the cotton there'd be some kind of beans in there and they'll come up too well and chopping your cotton you cut those out if you don't want em you know but most of the tenants they use a few stalks on each end so they lead in the summertime off of em and the landlord don't get no part of that they just get hay for the cotton or {X} for the cotton Interviewer: would- do you ever call this {X} do you ever call it anything else or hear em called anything 856C: no nothing but rosemeres that's- that's just tender corn fixing to get hard you know when it's tender you pull its roasting ear and shuck it and cook it Interviewer: you eat it on the cob? 856C: we eat it on the cob, we eat it- cut it off the cob and fry it Interviewer: well so would you- you call it the same if you- if you cut the young tender corn off the cob you still call it roasting ears? 856C: yeah roasting ear Interviewer: well what do you call the top part of the- the- the corn stalk? 856C: tassel Interviewer: and- and then on the corn the on the roasting ears the- don't you have 856C: shucks, have shuck s Interviewer: but after you take the shucks off it is there something else on it? 856C: {X} string- string- string bean stuff you know you have to kind of pick it off Interviewer: is that- you call it string bean stuff that- 856C: string bean on- on the corn Interviewer: now on the- on the- on the roasting ear itself the- underneath the shuck 856C: that's what- that's what- what you got to pick off- pick off all the little strings and then take em out and shuck em and cut and make two cuttings off the cob for your cooking business or you- you'd roast one half is tender you know, got ears of corn but yet it's tender you'd- you'd roast em and eat em off the cob with your mouth Interviewer: did you ever grow any of those big orange colored fruits about this big around uh 856C: never did Interviewer: did you use- 856C: you talking about grapefruit, I never did use- I never did grow any- any kind of grapefruit I've growed uh plum trees in my yard Interviewer: oh you did? 856C: plum trees Interviewer: what about the things that children like to cut up at Halloween you know, like to cut faces in em and put a candle in em 856C: pumpkins Interviewer: did you grow them? 856C: I've growed pumpkins Interviewer: any- did you grow any of those little crook neck vegetables like that, little yellow crook neck vegetables about this long? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: uh like some kind of squash or something like that 856C: oh I've grown squash Interviewer: #1 oh you did # 856C: #2 oh yeah # Interviewer: what kind of- what kind of squash did you grow? 856C: yellow and white, you can plant two different kinds Interviewer: do you- do you ever let that kind of stuff dry? 856C: never let it dry we eat it fresh out of the garden that's dry as we give away or something like that you know Interviewer: what do you call that if it dries, do you call it anything differently? 856C: well you call it tough squash cause you can't eat it hardly Interviewer: and- and you said the kind you grew were the yellow and the white? 856C: yellow and white Interviewer: what about any kind of melon, did you grow any kind of melon? 856C: I've grown a lot of melon Interviewer: what kind 856C: Tom Watsons and they got different new names now you know but in my days the best melon was called Tom Watson Interviewer: what was that like? 856C: it was long green melon about two foot long and weighed about thirty forty pounds and you pull em off the vines and there'd be several of em on a vine you know but you'd pull- pick the ones you want and then the rest of em you can go pick em and sell em Interviewer: well did it- what kind of meat did it have- what color meat did it have in it? 856C: the squash? Interviewer: no the water- the melon 856C: well it had a red meat Interviewer: and did you say it had a green outside- did it have stripes or maybe spots? 856C: it had stripes on it, you'd call it a striped melon it was called a rattlesnake melon striped ones and then you had the solid green melons just called melon Interviewer: which are the Tom Watson? 856C: Tom Watson was a green melon Interviewer: any other kind of melons you grew? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: uh what about the- the seeds uh do they differ in Tom Watson and a- and a rattlesnake? #1 could you tell any difference? # 856C: #2 no you # couldn't tell no difference in them Interviewer: what about- did you ever grow any uh any like melons like with yellow meat in em about this big? 856C: well I don't know uh Interviewer: six inches to a foot long 856C: not that I know of unless there are watermelons sometimes that turn pink Interviewer: uh what- 856C: wa- watermelon Interviewer: were there any other kinds of watermelons here? 856C: there were several grades of watermelons and different kinds different names of em I can't recall now what names but they've got improvements on melons now and they're not as good as the ones in days past Interviewer: do you- what were some of the old kinds though that you remember? 856C: old kinds were the watermelon growed forty fifty pounds and you could tell by- when they're ripe by the vine you know it'd be curled up and dead and that was time to pull Interviewer: what kind uh was that like what- 856C: well there's Tom Watson and- and Interviewer: do they have those anymore those Tom Watson? 856C: no I don't see none, I just see these striped ripe rattlesnakes melons they got a name for them I don't remember what they are but they don't eat good now like they did in years ago Interviewer: well did you- did you ever grow any kind of melons like you eat for breakfast anything, cantaloupe? 856C: cantaloupe, well I've growed cantaloupe they're something like a watermelon you know it's just a little round you know and it grows on top of the ground too on a vine Interviewer: any other kind? 856C: that's all Interviewer: what- what color was the cantaloupe then? 856C: cantaloupe was sort of yellow, it was sort of yellow Interviewer: that- is that the same thing as a- as a mush- uh mush melon? 856C: mush melon, I reckon that- I reckon Interviewer: have you ever heard that? 856C: I've heard the word mush melon, that's what they'd be called too Interviewer: that the same thing as a cant- 856C: same- same- same as a cantaloupe Interviewer: any kind of melons you ever grow that had green inside, be sort of sweet 856C: no I can't tell, I don't remember Interviewer: what about uh did you ever, you know those things that out- grow out in the yard sometimes after it rains and they'll pop up, those little things that when it rains they pop up little white things and you- you kick em over 856C: no Interviewer: this pop up all over the lawn out there in the springtime when it rains {X} 856C: you'd call em bloom- blooming flowers I reckon in the spring Interviewer: well- be like- they wouldn't be flowers they'd be umbrella shape 856C: a umbrella shape Interviewer: and they get little uh 856C: I know, I know what you're talking about Interviewer: what do you call those things? 856C: I don't know what you call em Interviewer: do you ever call em anything like uh a- a- well you know like, do you ever cook with anything like that? 856C: never have Interviewer: mushrooms or anything like that 856C: mushroom I'll cook mushroom Interviewer: you have? 856C: yeah Interviewer: well is any- do they grow around here? 856C: never growed, I reckon they do I don't know now I don't see none now growing well on the way out buy a bag or two of them and go downtown to have a farmers market it'll be there for Tuesday and Thursday and all the farmers will bring their vegetables there to sell and I'd go down there but I don't buy such stuff as that, I buy peas and corn turnip greens and Irish potatoes, stuff like that Interviewer: #1 you do buy the greens, the turnip greens # 856C: #2 yeah # Interviewer: how do you- how do you cook them? 856C: you- you cook em in water and boil em 'til they're- they're tender, the leaves Interviewer: and- and what do you- how do you serve them? 856C: you serve em in a big bowl and then you take whatever you want to out of em and cut em off, season em Interviewer: do you call them turnip greens or what? 856C: turnip greens, call them turnip greens Interviewer: and what about the- those mu- those mushrooms, did you ever- do you ever see them growing around the house but they're not quite the same, maybe little poisonous or the white ones? 856C: no I never have seen em, the only thing I've seen mushroom- mushroom grow is a plant out in the field and cultivating em Interviewer: you've seen em growing like that? 856C: I've seen em growing like- like that Interviewer: what about toad stews or frog stews something like that, did you ever- 856C: frog stew, I never have eaten them frog stew Interviewer: you know what they are? 856C: no Interviewer: the frog stew is the toad stew 856C: the what? Interviewer: the- have you ever heard of toad stew? 856C: never have heard of toad stew Interviewer: well uh you were speaking of the garden a minute ago, what do you mean when you say the garden, what was that? 856C: well that was a pl- plot of land little land out there small half acre or something like that a quarter of an acre land and you planted your onions, your potatoes, your cabbage your beans and your peas and everything in it that's for home use, that's for home use Interviewer: did it have a fence around it or anything? 856C: well sometimes you can put a fence in it, in my case I just planted out there by the house you know cause they're already fenced and no cows can get to it or nothing Interviewer: where would you plant something like uh uh turnip greens or something? 856C: turnip greens you can plant that in a garden Interviewer: did you ever just sort of have an area you just started broadcasting 856C: yeah broadcast em and flat break the land and you'd call that flat breaking but turning plow you know he's a tractor won't flat break it and pl- uh sow your turnip green seed and uh and turnips will come up under the ground and the green's on the top and when you get to a certain stage you can pull em up and sell em when they're real tender see and get a good price for em Interviewer: so would you call that a um- a uh- uh- a garden where you- 856C: garden call that a garden, I never did plant any in the field like that I- only thing I ever planted in the field was cotton and corn Interviewer: well what do you mean when you say a field? 856C: a field like that is a big crop- scrap of land- scrap of land that's planted in corn or cotton or something like that that's fenced off where cows can't get into it Interviewer: you just plant that one crop in the- 856C: well you can plant one or two crops, you can plant a crop of corn in it, you can plant a crop of cotton in it, you can plant most anything in it as long as no animals can- can get in it and destroy it, now you can broadcast turnip seed and get um a big supply of turnip greens and all and pull em and take the time when they're fresh and soft you know Interviewer: what about the uh uh tobacco, is that something you've ever seen? 856C: I have never seen tobacco, tobacco's been grown here in this county but it was before my time Interviewer: did you- did- well did they grow that or in a- 856C: they growed that in a field Interviewer: what about um uh a patch or something like- what do you grow in a patch? 856C: patch, well you can plant a garden in a patch or any little small Interviewer: well what is a patch then? 856C: patch is a little small spot of gar- uh land that you plant stuff on that's called a cotton patch- a patch uh you- you'd plant a small uh field and call it a cotton- cotton field patch- cotton field, patch of cotton field Interviewer: so a- a patch isn't the way you plant it, it's just the area 856C: just the area, it's large- it's a large crack a patch is it's larger than a garden, something like a garden though Interviewer: could you plant several different things in a- 856C: several different things in a patch Interviewer: what kind of fence would you have around that? 856C: you can have a wire fence around it just to keep cows from getting in there stuff like that Interviewer: what kind of wire you mean the- 856C: barbed wire or net wire either one Interviewer: any other kind of wire fences you have around here? 856C: no Interviewer: what are those- 856C: well they have another wi- electric wire fence that's one- one wire all the way around with posts all the way around a crack of land and it's attached to electricity and you keep it on a cow touches it it makes him jump and get away from there Interviewer: so you- if you have barbed wire you- you tack it onto the- 856C: tack it onto the post and have a gate to use little patch or your garden or whatever it is or your field Interviewer: any kind of wooden fences you have around here? 856C: used to have a pole and rail fence but you don't no more Interviewer: what is a rail fence? 856C: rail fence is like a pine tree sawed up in eight foot lengths and then split in eight foot planks and you stack em like that on one on top of another on down 'til you got a wood uh Interviewer: criss-cross? 856C: criss-cross Interviewer: and you- and that makes the fence? 856C: that makes a fence Interviewer: is that the only kind of rail fence you ever saw around here? 856C: that's the only kind of rail fence that I've ever seen, just a wire fence and a rail fence Interviewer: any kind of wooden- other wooden fences then like 856C: no Interviewer: what'd you have around the lot? 856C: I would have plank fences around the lot Interviewer: now what- they were about what? 856C: one of sixes or one of eighth pine flat, flat wood Interviewer: would they be woven between the posts or just nailed to the posts? 856C: just nailed to the post Interviewer: what did- would people have fences around their houses then 856C: well yeah, they'd have fences around their houses Interviewer: what kind would they be? 856C: they'd be made out of barbed wire and post but you'd call that around the house well you'd call that well horses you feed down at the lot you'd let em out and they'll come in to the patch there and eat grass and stuff and get well water, I had a well that I filled up with forty gallons of water in a few hours it was a day or so for the animals to eat and drink well I didn't have a creek but now I've got a creek in my field and I don't have to do that Interviewer: well did you ever see a- a fancy kind of little fence just a fancy little wood fence around somebody's house? 856C: I don't believe I have Interviewer: like a- the kind that's little- little pieces of wood nailed to a two by four or something, just a little 856C: wooden- wooden fences yeah I've seen that kind made out of plank mean a garden fence made out of plank Interviewer: so 856C: that's all expensive though Interviewer: now what would that be like? 856C: well that would be like, the plants- what you planted would be protected from animals and stuff getting in there Interviewer: well when you say a garden fence, what is that- is that uh made out of- out of two by sixes? 856C: two by sixes, you make a garden fence out of two by sixes some folk make em out of net wire, net wire Interviewer: when you speak of a garden fence, do you just mean the fence just around the garden? 856C: just around the garden Interviewer: what um sometimes I've- I've heard here in Huntsville people have fences made out of just little pieces of wood about one by ones or one by twos they would nail along 856C: come in Aux: oh you're back, I'm just gonna make your beds 856C: alright Aux: {X} 856C: come on in Aux: {X} 856C: I've got a few dishes in there I've tried to mess with already Aux: y'all just go ahead like I'm not here, try not to make any noise Interviewer: who's that maid? 856C: that's my lady who owns the partners and stuff she cleans up for me and makes up my bed and washes my clothes and all Interviewer: oh that's good, well what about those- did you ever see a kind of fence that'd just be little like one by ones or one by twos that would uh uh like a- a picket fence or a paling fence 856C: oh I've seen a picket fence, picket fence would be made of a plank would be running across and the top and then little small pieces of lumber would be attached to em standing straight up and that we'd call a picket fence Interviewer: what kind of tops were those? 856C: have a pointed top, have a top- pointed top Interviewer: would you call it a picket fence if it had a flat top on it? 856C: no you wouldn't call it a picket fence if it has a flat top Interviewer: what would you call it then? 856C: you just fence around the garden Interviewer: and what- so a a picket fence- it- did you ever see one that was woven maybe or any kind of wooden fence that somebody- you know would be woven between the posts 856C: no never have Interviewer: they ever use uh any kind of stones or rocks around here? 856C: no Interviewer: to build uh a wall or 856C: oh no they don't use no stones in walls Interviewer: you ever seen one like that? 856C: never have Interviewer: what kind of uh- you know we were talking about uh- uh milking a cow yesterday, what kind of uh other kinds of containers would you have around the house like to carry water in from the well? 856C: well you have buckets, have buckets Interviewer: what was the bucket that you'd carry the water from the well like be like 856C: well now it's a tin- tin container with a handle to it and you fill that up full of water and then catch it with the handle and take it on to the house Interviewer: so how big would that be? 856C: that'd be a- maybe it'd be a eight by twelve Interviewer: twelve deep or eight- 856C: eight- eight foot deep and twelve foot wide Interviewer: foot or inches? 856C: feet Interviewer: and what about wooden ones, did you ever see any wooden- any kind of wooden 856C: no I've seen wooden well- uh uh wooden well buckets no Interviewer: what were they like? 856C: they were like a barrel, something like a barrel only a little smaller you know you'd let em down the well and fill it up and them pull it back up with a chain or your rope whatever you got Interviewer: did it have- what size would they be? 856C: they'd be I'd say maybe eight by ten something like that Interviewer: so did you- would- is that the only kind of wooden 856C: that's the only kind of wooden wa- water well I know of Interviewer: any other kind of wooden buckets then? 856C: no, no kind of wooden bucket Interviewer: what do you call the plastic ones- did you have any- have you seen the plastic ones- they have that here 856C: no I don't I've never seen em Interviewer: like the- like the tin ones but they're made out of plastic 856C: I know- I know what you're talking about Interviewer: would you call- 856C: we've had them but we didn't use em though, we'd use em for all purposes you know whether it'd be canned water in it or milk in it or what Interviewer: well yesterday you were telling me about the um about the slop bucket you have in the kitchen 856C: yeah Interviewer: what other things would you have in the kitchen to cook with? 856C: well we had everything to cook you want to eat it but you get all the slop and stuff that's left over from your eating place you'd put it in a slop bucket slop bail or something and take that and give it to the hogs Interviewer: where did you- did you have a- what would you- what would you fry food in? 856C: fry it in a skillet Interviewer: what would that look like, what is it made out of? 856C: well it was made out of iron Interviewer: would it have a flat bottom or- 856C: flat bottom Interviewer: what about uh- uh- water, what would you uh- uh what would you boil water in? 856C: pour water in Interviewer: what would you boil it in? 856C: boil it in a tea kettle or something like that Interviewer: did you have anything else called a kettle besides the thing you'd boil water in? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: what- what would they wash clothing in out in the yard, those big round things 856C: tubs, call those tubs Interviewer: they were made out of what? 856C: they was made out of I don't know what do you- what- what they'd be made out of Interviewer: #1 or would it be- # 856C: #2 it wouldn't be # tin it's made out of tin I think Interviewer: well you know you had a skillet on the- on the stove I guess 856C: yeah Interviewer: but did you ever see something that would be like uh for cooking on an old-fashioned fireplace? 856C: yeah Interviewer: what would that be? 856C: that- that would be- put your skillet uh in a pot over fire hanging on wire across the fire you know you cook it in that let the fire blaze and heat the pot up and cook Interviewer: what kind of skillet- what- what would you call that kind of thing then? what would that look like, that kind of skillet? 856C: that kind of skillet would be ordinary skillet but you make a tin box or a tin bucket or something and do the same thing you know by hanging it over a fire and cooking it Interviewer: and you put the skillet on top of the bucket or something? 856C: yeah put the skillet on top of the fire Aux: can I run the water or are you- Interviewer: oh no certainly go ahead uh that- that won't bother me at all uh, what about uh fruit trees, what kind of fruit trees did you- 856C: well the only thing I've ever grown was uh plum trees, I've grown them and pear trees Interviewer: did you grow any peaches? 856C: oh yeah grown peaches Interviewer: what kind of peaches were they? 856C: Elberta peaches Interviewer: is it- you said the other day that those were the kind that uh, that came off the 856C: came off of the seed yeah you can pull em off the seed you peel em and just pull em off the seed Interviewer: so what do you call the kind that'll sort of fall away from the seed, you know there's some that stick 856C: cling, you call a stone that sticks to the seed a cling for peaches and the others is Elberta peach- Elberta peach won't stick to the seed Interviewer: so any kind that don't stick to the seed you would call that a- 856C: Elberta Interviewer: and uh- when you break open the seed is there anything inside that? 856C: no there's nothing- nothing inside that but the seed Interviewer: and uh what about a- a ch- cherry, have you ever- 856C: never have grown a cherry tree Interviewer: did you uh- have you ever seen them growing anywhere? 856C: well I believe I have Interviewer: when you- when you're eating a cherry what's the part that you have to spit out? 856C: seed Interviewer: and what about an apple, what's the part you have to throw away? 856C: have to throw away the peel and the seed, the core of the apple Interviewer: do you ever see- do you ever take apples and slice em up and dry em? 856C: never have but I've- I've sliced em up and made apple pie out of em Interviewer: but you- did you ever hear a name for just dried slices of apples? 856C: no never have Interviewer: ever- ever heard of em called snips? 856C: no Interviewer: and what about peanuts, I think you mentioned them 856C: peanuts well you plant those in the ground and they produce a vine on top you know and the peanut's still under the ground, you pull em up and when you think they're ripe you take a top and go down the row with both hands pulling em up and let em dry for about a couple of days and then you haul em in and you- you can feed those to a cattle of horses or either pick the peanuts off and sell them by themselves Interviewer: did you ever hear any other names for em besides peanuts, heard them called anything- 856C: never have, all- that's all I know is peanuts Interviewer: what about uh was it- would you call it anything different if you- if you bought em at the store, if they were store bought or is you grew em yourself 856C: no you can just call them peanuts, that's it Interviewer: if- well when you sold em did you shell em before you- 856C: yeah you shell em- you sh- you shell em before you sold em you use the vines to feed cows or horses on, the tops which is the peanut you can feed the whole peanuts to horses and cows Interviewer: #1 so did you- you still call it the- you call em peanuts if it's got the shell # 856C: #2 peanut # yeah Interviewer: or unshelled 856C: that's right Interviewer: well any other kind of nuts you grow out here like nut trees? 856C: not that I- walnuts, we've grown a lot of walnut trees Interviewer: oh you did? 856C: they- they produce up above the ground on a tree and when you think they're ripe you know you can tell when they're ripe they'll go falling off the ground and Interviewer: what- what is the- what is that- what are they covered in, the outside thing, they have two 856C: rind, they have a rind around and then you bust em open you know or cut em open whatever you want and there is the plant itself Interviewer: so you- you break open the rind and then what's inside of that? 856C: seed, there's a seed inside of it Interviewer: there's nothing between the seed and the- and the- do you ever- do you break open the seed to eat it? 856C: yeah you op- you break open the seed op- and you don't even have to open break open the seed now but you have to get the seed out of it to cut the core out to get a piece of it Interviewer: so the- is the rind that- that outside cover that- the out- outermost 856C: yeah Interviewer: and then did you- you cut the rind off is that right? 856C: right Interviewer: #1 then there's that black cover that's in there, what do you call that black cover? # 856C: #2 that's right # I don't know unless you call it a hull Interviewer: what about uh any other kind of nuts that- 856C: no never have, I've just growed peanuts and I've grown pecans Interviewer: oh you have? 856C: pecan trees take a long time to produce pecans you know Interviewer: what about uh any other kinds like uh like did you ever grow almonds? 856C: almonds? Interviewer: yes sir 856C: well it would sound familiar to me or I don't believe I've ever grown em Interviewer: did you ever grow any kind of citrus fruit around here? 856C: no Interviewer: well do you like to eat it? 856C: yeah I like to eat it Interviewer: what do you like? 856C: I like grapefruit juice, grapefruit Interviewer: do you eat those uh the ones that people uh well they grow south of here 856C: yeah in the valley, down in the valley Interviewer: #1 what else do they grow- # 856C: #2 they- they # grow down there now they grow- they can grow everything in the valley cotton, corn, peanuts, peas, watermelons, cantaloupes and everything like that in the valley course that's about seven hundred miles down here south you know the weather it doesn't freeze down there you know Interviewer: well what kind of uh- uh- a citrus fruit do they grow down there besides lemons and grapefruits, there's the ones about the size of a- 856C: they grow pineapple down there Interviewer: oh they do, and don't they grow something about the size of a base- 856C: oranges, they- they grow oranges down there Interviewer: what other kind of trees are there around here besides those- those pecans and those walnuts, any- 856C: well there's pine trees, oak trees, that's about the only kind of trees that grows here pine trees, oak trees and then persimmon trees is real uh a simmon tree to come up on a crack of land they're far- far apart you know you when it gets ripe you want to pull the simmon but mostly parsons and squirrels get up the trees and ruin them you know and eat em Interviewer: what kind of squirrels do you have here? 856C: little cat squirrels and red squirrels Interviewer: why- how are they different, the cat squirrels and the red- 856C: cat squirrel is grey and a red squirrel is all brownish red, yellowish color Interviewer: do you have any of those kind of trees here that have broad leaves on em and they grow tall and have sort of a grey bark that peels off in big sheets, you know you peel it off in big pieces of bark like this big, they're pretty trees, they have little balls on em 856C: I don't know unless I hear the name called Interviewer: or like do you have any kind of uh syca- sycamore? 856C: have a sycamore tree Interviewer: oh you do 856C: yeah Interviewer: what is it like? 856C: it's a large tree that grows up and you make lumber out of it or pulpwood out of it anything like that Interviewer: ever hear it called anything else? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: what about uh do they grow any kind of trees around here to get sugar from? 856C: no they don't grow any kinds of trees to get sugar from Interviewer: what- what would they- what- I've heard they get sugar from some kind of tree, what kind would that be, do you have any- 856C: you get sugar from the sugar cane stalk sugar cane stalk now makes syrup and sugar too Interviewer: have you ever heard of getting uh sugar a tree though? 856C: never have Interviewer: like a sugar maple or something like that 856C: no I never have Interviewer: well you said you grew pecans, where would you grow those? 856C: you- you either plant em or their volunteering crops from years past, it takes a long time for pecan tree to produce and when it gets grown it goes producing pecans right along the leaves and when they get ripe they'll fall off if a head of wind comes or you can go pull em off that's pecan tree Interviewer: did you ever plant em and a lot of em in one pla- 856C: never did Interviewer: do some people do that? 856C: some people has a pecan orchard, you call that a pecan- pecan orchard Interviewer: uh do they- do they- is there any kind of little shrub like bush that grows around here that's sort of poisonous, cows 856C: well now you- you named it right but I don't know what kind of bush it's called but it's a bush that grows and is poisonous to cows Interviewer: what do you call that? 856C: I don't know I can't call its name Interviewer: uh is that the kind that has sort of red leaves on it turns red 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: ever heard it called anything like a su- sumac, sumac? 856C: su- no I never have Interviewer: sumacs or sumac 856C: never have Interviewer: what about any kind of vine around here that has little leaves on it that'll- 856C: well there's grapes, muscadines and grapes like that have little vines Interviewer: do you- and any kind that has like several leaves on it that will uh- that will make you break out if you brush up against it 856C: well that is poison oak, you call it poison oak Interviewer: and what is that? 856C: that's- that's a plant that grows up on a tree or something and goes around around the tree and it's got this vine to it and it's called poison oak you touch it and it'll make your hands break out Interviewer: how many leaves did that have on it, do you know? 856C: it had many leaves altogether on it but it's just two or three leaves in a cluster all the way up Interviewer: #1 is any other kind sort of like poison oak that grows around here? # 856C: #2 no # don't believe it is Interviewer: uh any kind of berries grow around here? 856C: well there's- there's uh blackberries grows around here, dewberries grows around here they volun- volunteer and come up out in the field a patch of whatever you want to call it Interviewer: well what do you- are there any berries that- that might not grow around here that you might buy to make shortcake out of or something? 856C: no all- if you want to make a berry pie you just get somebody to pick you out some out in the pasture and all- all you know on vines and bring your bucket full, cost you about six bits a bucket and you've got enough to make two or three pies out of it Interviewer: well how about uh any kind of red berry that you eat with sugar and cream or something 856C: strawberries, you talking- they don't grow strawberries here they- they grow strawberry in Louisiana now Interviewer: oh they do? 856C: I never seen none grown around here Interviewer: what about uh is anything that's a little darker than a strawberry almost black sometimes got little grains all over it it looks like, not a blackberry but a- a- rasp- a raspberry 856C: raspberry, well that name sounds familiar but I don't I can't recall Interviewer: well what 856C: that I know what a raspberry was Interviewer: well I guess uh some berries they described were ones you couldn't eat right? 856C: yeah well I don't know you- all the berries I know I would eat strawberries and dewberries grows out in the field around Interviewer: are there any kinds that would kill you that grow out in the woods or something? 856C: well it may be but I- I can't recall the kind Interviewer: when you say well you can't eat that cuz it might be what if you're talking about something 856C: might be poisonous Interviewer: now any berries out here like this? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: uh is there- are there any of those big flowering trees that grow out here that have big dark green waxy leaves on em and big white- 856C: magnolia, magnolia trees Interviewer: #1 you have those around here? # 856C: #2 yeah we have those # I have some on my place, they just volunteer and came up I don't know why I didn't even plant none, I've planted one or two magnolia trees but it was nary successful and they died Interviewer: is anything uh that has a leaf sort of like a magnolia but not quite as big that uh- that grows maybe in this area or even farther up from here in bushes or- ever heard- see anything like that with pink and white flowers on it 856C: pink and white flowers Interviewer: like a mountain laurel or rhododendron anything like that? 856C: no I can't recall that Interviewer: you ever heard of that? 856C: never have Interviewer: if anything they grows along the creeks around here 856C: yeah spanish grows on the creeks around here Interviewer: what- what would that be? 856C: different kind of big vines and all Interviewer: but you don't have any of those bushes like mountain laurel or ripple laurel or 856C: #1 no, no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # well what kind of little insects do you have around here? 856C: we has boll weevils for cotton now, that's a cotton plant and then you, I reckon that's about all you call, you have louse get your cotton, louse get your cotton and maybe kill it Interviewer: well what is a louse? 856C: louse is some kind of insect that covers the leaves on your cotton patches and sucks the vitamins out of it and moisture out of it and dries it up Interviewer: is any kind of uh- a insect that might just bite you, sting you or something 856C: we call that a flea or something like that Interviewer: what- like if you- if you were to open up your windows in the summertime and took the screens off 856C: yeah Interviewer: what kind of insects would come in here? 856C: flies Interviewer: anything else? 856C: bumblebees would come in or uh wasps, wasps might come in Interviewer: so tell me about that 856C: well that's a little red uh plump uh flower or red plump animal with wings on it, it can fly and light and you kinda- it'll sting you if you attacked it it'll sting you they make nests up in the top of the roof or something like that on in- on a tree or something like wasp nests and the hole where a little wasp was born is- is in a nest you know they come out come out in forty or fifty in a package and they make- that's called a wasp bunch, bunch of wasps and they'll attack you and sting you if you go to fighting em Interviewer: any other kind like any are that- that are just a little thing just flying around so small you can hardly see it that'll sting you? 856C: bumblebee Interviewer: well they'll uh they used to give malaria, cause malaria like a mosquito 856C: mosquito yeah mosquito Interviewer: you got those around here? 856C: yeah we have mosquitoes around here Interviewer: anything around here that eats mosquitoes, any kind of other insect? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: like a- those long thin-bodied insects that look like- have long wings and fly around old ponds and stuff, like a- 856C: I don't know now whether they eat fleas or not, I never have heard of anything eating a flea Interviewer: eating mosquitoes then 856C: oh mosquitoes, I never have heard of it Interviewer: like a, like a- 856C: you pardon for mosquitoes though in your house you know and get rid of em they'll come into your house while your window's open and doors open they'll come in your house them mosquitoes will Interviewer: well what about a mosquito hawk or something like that, you ever hear something like that? 856C: no, never have heard anything like that Interviewer: dragonfly 856C: never have Interviewer: uh- uh ever hear of a devil's darning needle, do you have any of those? 856C: darning needle Interviewer: what's that? 856C: well that's a needle with a thread in it and you darn sewing make flowers out of it or something on cloth or whatever you want to, darning needle Interviewer: have you ever heard of that- a insect called that? 856C: no never have heard of a insect called that Interviewer: what- what about those things that fly around and light on and off in the after- in the- after dark you can see em flashing 856C: lightning bugs Interviewer: you have those? 856C: yeah we have those lightning bugs Interviewer: and do you have any of those things that- that would fly into your light at night, try to get into it burn themselves 856C: yeah bugs we call those light bugs Interviewer: and uh what about the kind that get into your clothes and eat holes in your clothes, you got any of those? 856C: no I don't have none at least I don't Interviewer: have you ever seen any that- 856C: never have Interviewer: what about any kind of a mo- any kind of moth or anything? 856C: moth oh yeah I've heard of moths Interviewer: what is that? 856C: that's some kind of animal or insect that eats your clothes up in summertime when you you know hang em up in some kind of moth-proof storage plant now they got that you know hang em up in there for the winter Interviewer: do you have any trouble with those? 856C: we have had trouble with em eating up our clothes Interviewer: and what'd you call em? 856C: moth Interviewer: and uh what kind of- do you have any little animals around here- uh you talked- 856C: we have rabbits and squirrels Interviewer: do you have any that will smell bad you know if you get too- 856C: polecats, I have pole- polecats Interviewer: have you ever heard polecats called anything else? 856C: never have Interviewer: what about any- any kind of uh a little animal that has a hard shell that will draw its legs and its head into its shell? 856C: a turtle, call that a turtle Interviewer: #1 does it live on land or in the water? # 856C: #2 it # lives in water and land too Interviewer: and have you ever had the- 856C: and ever- not and ever, and they'll travel from one pond to another crossing land and all most of em gets- gets killed on the road when cars come past they'll be crossing crossing the road going to a certain place and they gets killed Interviewer: oh do you ever go fishing? 856C: I've been fishing I don't go now Interviewer: what did you fish with? 856C: seine uh that's- seine is made out of uh cloth with two poles on the end of it and it's a loop netted- netted cloth of threads and you seine that way and catch a fish in it and drag him out to the bank and then see what you got, see what you done caught Interviewer: do you ever fish with a pole? 856C: yeah I've fished with a pole Interviewer: what- what kind of bait would you use? 856C: worms and then you use beef, piece of beef or something Interviewer: what kind of worms would those be? 856C: they'd be earth worms Interviewer: anything bigger than those that- bigger than the earth worms? 856C: no nothing bigger than the earth- earth worm but fish with uh fly uh what do you call em some kind of fly, grasshopper, you can fish with grasshoppers Interviewer: you can? 856C: that's good bait Interviewer: have you ever heard grasshoppers called anything else? 856C: never have Interviewer: hopper grass or anything? 856C: no just grasshoppers Interviewer: well what are those things that'll hop- you'd see- might see hopping around in your- in your garden, little- little animals just- you know what I'm talking about that just- 856C: well that's could be a grasshopper itself Interviewer: or could be in the grass about this big, three or four inches long 856C: you ain't talking about frogs are you? Interviewer: yes 856C: talking about frogs Interviewer: you got frogs around here? 856C: yeah we got frogs around here, they live mostly in water Interviewer: oh they do, do you have any kinds that live on land? 856C: well a frog lives on land and in water too but he mostly lives in water Interviewer: what do you call the kind that make that croaking noise you know, uh you know the- you hear it- might hear it at night around the pond or something- them making a croaking 856C: yeah I know what you're talking about, you call em a- I don't know what you call those Interviewer: is that a kind of frog or what is it? 856C: that's a frog when you hear a frog holler at night but it's another animal, little insect that does the same thing at night Interviewer: oh really, what is that? 856C: I can't recall the name of it Interviewer: what's- what's a bull frog? 856C: bull frog is a frog larger than a little ordinary frog and he'll holler at night he'll holler at night, he lives in water Interviewer: what about just the regular frogs are they- you said they live in water 856C: they live in water and land too Interviewer: do bull frogs live on land ever? 856C: bull frog lives in water Interviewer: what about the kind that uh- that you might see after a rain, those little green ones they sort of come out after the rain 856C: I don't know Interviewer: would you call those just frogs or what, have you ever seen something like- 856C: never have seen em Interviewer: oh, so here are some- they have little voi- little peeping kind of voices, make little peeping noise 856C: yeah Interviewer: do you ever- 856C: you talking about crickets? Interviewer: well they could be like some kind of like- like a frog, little light green frog comes out in the springtime 856C: lizards Interviewer: well it- it's a kind of frog 856C: yeah well I don't- I don't know what you're talking about Interviewer: ever heard of a rain frog or a spring frog anything like that? 856C: no I never have heard of a rain frog Interviewer: well in the creeks around here is there any kind of little animal that looks like a little lobster that will swim backwards and like hide under rocks, you might've played with- dug em up when you were a child 856C: you're not speaking about snakes are you? Interviewer: no sir, be like little lobsters about oh anywhere from two or three inches to about ten inches long, they live in freshwater streams you know they, they swim backwards if you- 856C: mm-hmm you're not talking about alligators Interviewer: no like a- have you ever heard of a- 856C: Oh I can count from one to twenty Interviewer: Well I know you can but will you 856C: Wa- One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty Interviewer: And then after twenty-six comes 856C: twenty-seven Interviewer: And after twenty-nine 856C: Thirty Interviewer: And after thirty-nine 856C: Well after twenty-nine comes thirty and then after thirty comes thirty-one Sometimes there's a month in February you know you don't get that thirty-one Interviewer: Then after thirty-nine 856C: Not thirty-nine you don't have no thirty-nine After thirty-nine comes forty Interviewer: Well these are numbers 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And um after sixty-nine 856C: Seventy Interviewer: And after uh ninety-nine 856C: One hundred Interviewer: And after nine hundred ninety-nine 856C: A thousand Interviewer: And then nine hundred ninety-nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine 856C: Twenty thousand Interviewer: And then the next big the big hundred thousands and then one 856C: One hundred thousand Interviewer: And then the next big thing you put another zero you have 856C: Yeah Two hundred thousand Interviewer: And then after nine hundred thousand what do you have a mi- 856C: Million Interviewer: And if there are ten men standing in a line the man at the head of the line is the fir- 856C: First Interviewer: and then the 856C: Second Third Interviewer: And then 856C: Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Interviewer: And um if somebody said you know my good luck just comes a little at a time and they might say but my bad luck comes how would they say all 856C: Often Interviewer: Or all at 856C: All together something like that Interviewer: Do you ever hear all at once 856C: All at once All at once Interviewer: And if that happened one time you'd say it happened 856C: Two times Interviewer: Or twi- 856C: Uh twice Interviewer: And the months of the year 856C: Months of the year January February March April June July August September October November December January Interviewer: And do you ever say good day 856C: Good day well seldom I say good day I say good afternoon or good morning Interviewer: Well do you ever hear good day 856C: I've had a good day I've had a good day Interviewer: You'd never say that in meeting or in parting with somebody you never say good day 856C: No I don't believe I have I've said I had a good afternoon or a good morning Interviewer: All right but not a good day well if the wind is coming from that direction 856C: South Interviewer: What do you say the wind is what 856C: The wind's turning to the south It's blowing from the south Interviewer: And what about from this direction 856C: North Got a northern You got a northern Interviewer: Do you have a name like the wind is coming from that direction 856C: E- east wind Interviewer: Not the east 856C: southeast wind there's a mean wind That's cool wind south south east wind Interviewer: What about that direction 856C: West wind that's good wind that's good wind Interviewer: Just in between them 856C: Sign of rain Interviewer: Between the east and between the south 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say it's the south 856C: S- Interviewer: Is that a sign of rain 856C: Yeah a sign of rain Whenever the winds come from the east either the northeast or southeast it's a sign of rain Interviewer: What about from this direction 856C: Well that's north Interviewer: In between the north and the 856C: West Interviewer: In between the north and the west you'd say that's the northwest 856C: The northwest wind northwest wind Interviewer: What does that wind mean bring 856C: Well that brings kind of change in the weather Interviewer: And if it's raining you know but it's not raining real hard like it's just a little bit like if you wanted to walk to your mailbox you wouldn't think anything about you know it's just a little 856C: Little shower It's just a little shower Interviewer: Would you say it's a shower if it was just coming down all just constant but it's real light 856C: Real light Just a drizzle Interviewer: And what about if there was sort of a heavy white mist outside you couldn't just you couldn't see 856C: It's a fog Interviewer: What kind of day would you say that was 856C: It's a foggy day Interviewer: And um does it ever not rain here for a long time 856C: Well at times it doesn't at times it doesn't Interviewer: What do you say it is what do you that kind of weather you say you have a what 856C: Change in the weather We had a change in the weather Interviewer: What would you if it didn't rain for for 856C: We've had a dry spell Interviewer: What if it doesn't rain for about four months or something 856C: We've had a awful dry spell Interviewer: And it doesn't rain for a whole year or something what do you say 856C: Well we've had a drought Interviewer: Does that does it ever get cold enough here like just to kill the tomatoes and the flowers 856C: Yes sir yes sir Interviewer: What do you what do you say something like that is 856C: Well we had an early frost or early spring Interviewer: Is there any difference in a in a frost that is uh uh real heavy and one that's just light 856C: Well l- l- l- light frost is is not so cold but a heavy frost is is cold weather Interviewer: And does the lake ever like or a pond ever get solid 856C: Solid sheet of water froze over Interviewer: Has that ever happened here 856C: It does once in a while Interviewer: Have you ever seen it happen 856C: Yes sir I've seen it happen Interviewer: Tell me about it 856C: Well I've just seen it froze over you know you go out and look at it and all the water's froze over {NW} It doesn't have no running stream or nothing Water that runs doesn't freeze Interviewer: So that's why the lake will get 856C: That's right Interviewer: Well you know we're sitting in this room but if this was a house or something you might have two rooms like this you know one for the company maybe and one for the family 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you how would you separate 856C: Well you separate the bedrooms from the living room Interviewer: Would you live would there be more than one living room 856C: Well not hardly There'd be one living room for a smaller house you know Interviewer: What about a big house 856C: A big house it may have have a a parlor or either a living room or something like that you know Interviewer: What's the parlor 856C: Parlor is a is really a really room with {X} or something like that you know Interviewer: That's for entertaining 856C: Entertainment that's right Interviewer: For company or what 856C: Company Interviewer: Well when you have the when the roof of your house have you ever {X} 856C: {D: Yep} Yeah Interviewer: Where the roof of the comes together {X} what is that place do you ever know a name for that place where the roofs come together then 856C: Well not particular but it it comes together then it forms a leak Sometimes in the house When it comes together that way Water runs down freely Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything that place where the water runs down there 856C: Gutter Call it a gutter Interviewer: And what about you know we were talking the other day about barns and things on the farms 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Do you know of a place have you ever seen to store grain just have a special place to eat grain 856C: Yes sir I've seen that Interviewer: What do you call something like that 856C: Well you call it a barn with a with a different different things you store corn in it you store you store grain in it you store grai- uh bales of hay in it vast things of course Interviewer: Well 856C: Combination of barn Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a granary and a granary or anything like that 856C: Well I reckon I have too you might call that the granary Interviewer: What is that have you do they have them around here 856C: Well not often not now used to when it's big farming here you know farm People don't farm much now They don't farm much they they {X} There's no farming done in this country now It's just breaking land and planting grass and stuff for the cattle Interviewer: {X} 856C: There's no cotton farming here now Interviewer: {X} 856C: I'm a cotton farmer I'm a expert cotton farmer now Interviewer: Tell me about that 856C: Well I know when to plant cotton and when to how to prepare your land and everything Interviewer: How do you know when to plant 856C: Well you you pick it when the no- frost is over with and everything long about April You plant There's two ways of planting now you can take a {X} The bed and another cotton planter Put out the seed behind you can take a riding planter with a team to it and put out all of it at the same time put out your seed and that's your sweeps come behind and cut it Interviewer: {X} 856C: Yeah {WN} But the best way to break land now Nowadays is with a tractor and not the old-time way with a sweep stock I mean a turning plow {NW} I'll tell you in the later years when I was farming I broke my land with a a tractor Get so much deeper and get a good good good bed A tr- a s- Turning plow doesn't break so deep But a tractor will Interviewer: A tractor is better for it 856C: Yes sir tractor for it Interviewer: Well what do you call in the house you know if your fine dishes and stuff you said that's what that you eat off of 856C: That's dining room Interviewer: And the dishes are your fine 856C: China Interviewer: Well have you ever on the farm you kept chickens didn't you 856C: Yeah kept chickens Interviewer: Did you ever have to put anything in the hen's nest to make her sit on the nest 856C: No sometimes you put an egg there to make her sit on the nest Interviewer: Would it be a real egg or 856C: Well it'd be glass egg or something like that Could be a real egg Interviewer: Did they ever have those artificial eggs made out of china 856C: Yeah that's right Interviewer: What did they call those 856C: They'd call them artificial eggs Interviewer: They'd call it ever call it a china egg 856C: China egg something like that Interviewer: And you were telling me the other day about hominy is there anything like hominy that you would eat at breakfast 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: Was it 856C: Yes sir Well that'd be hominy for breakfast You'd cook the hominy out of corn shells you know and you would have hominy for breakfast warm it over you know It'd already been cooked but you warm it over and set it for breakfast which is good eating It's good eating Interviewer: Is that a whole grain 856C: Whole grain yes sir Interviewer: Did they ever have it ground up almost like meal 856C: Well they had it ground up like meal but you used it for meal Interviewer: What about something like grits or something 856C: Grits grits similar similar similar ground up and corn Interviewer: Is that like hominy 856C: No it's not as large as hominy it's fine it's fine grain Interviewer: You eat grits very much 856C: Yeah I eat I've eaten grits Grits is good on gravy now Interviewer: Well what do you call this thing you had this pretty plant 856C: Well I call that a flower pot Interviewer: Would you put if you went outside and got some flowers out there it would just grow 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you put in that like on your table over there 856C: well I'd put them on the table I'd put them on depending on what kind of flowers it is I'd put them on a table Artificial flowers like that you know and they stay the same color all the time Interviewer: Well those are 856C: {D: Texture} Uh {NW} Plastic they're plastic Interviewer: They're very pretty 856C: Yeah They're plastic Now on my wife's tombstone out there on her grave I have a plastic flower stays there pretty all the time It cost me thirty dollars Interviewer: Is it in something 856C: No it ain't nothing in in nothing but some a flame and a stick in the ground it's in a pot and it sticks in the ground and it stays pretty all the time hangs in a pot I've had that there a month now and I was out there yesterday and it was just like it was a month ago Interviewer: That is nice 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: Well if you went outside and you wanted to get some flowers did any grow around you or did your wife ever have some 856C: Well she's had flowers growing at home She'd go out there and pick out the prettiest flowers and put it in a vase in the house Interviewer: Well after you would you put those on the table if you're having company or something 856C: Having over over company having company Interviewer: Tell me about having company about you had company 856C: Well we'd have company and of course we'd It depends on the time of the day if they come for dinner we'd have a nice dinner for them {NW} If they come for supper we'd have a nice supper for them {NW} And we'd have service to wait on them and everything Interviewer: Would you have something would you say something to him to ask him how would you invite him in to eat 856C: You know it's now eating time now and we invite y'all in to supper or breakfast or supper or dinner or something like that and we get up and rise and go in the dining room That's where we eat in the dining room that's the table and chairs all around where you eat Dining room is a place where you eat Interviewer: Would say anything to him to ask him to sit down 856C: Ask a blessing I'd ask someone in the bunch to return thanks Interviewer: And then would you be standing up then or sitting down 856C: Sitting down Interviewer: Well what would you say to them like {X} well why don't y'all 856C: Why don't y'all sit down Why don't y'all sit down now and we'll got to eat supper Interviewer: And what about if it was just the family how you know how would you 856C: Well the family it's the same way Family it's the same way we always return thanks when we eat Interviewer: And what would you say to the family to them supper was ready 856C: Supper's ready Hon y'all come on in now and sit down and return thanks Interviewer: Well after you ate what did your wife do with the dishes 856C: She'd wash them and and dry them Interviewer: What 856C: Mo- most of the time the cook would We'd have a cook you know Interviewer: Oh yes sir well what was what was the cook washing with 856C: Washing with water water and soap Did she have something something to rub on She had some kind of I don't know some kind of spots I don't know what you call it some kind of dish washing powders or something like that Interviewer: Would she have a rag or 856C: Rag have a rag Interviewer: And you'd have what about after she put all that soap on them with the rag would she put it under the clear water to get 856C: Clear water to rinse them Call that rinsing them Interviewer: What did you said she dried what did she dry them with 856C: She'd dry them with a cloth Interviewer: Just call it a cloth 856C: Cloth Interviewer: What about in the bathroom what do you wash your face with do you have a 856C: Water and soap Interviewer: And do you have a cloth or a rag 856C: Cloth I have a cloth To dry your face off with or something like that Interviewer: What about to wash it do you use anything there 856C: Wash them Interviewer: You're washing your face 856C: You wash your face you use a towel Interviewer: To wash it with 856C: To to dry it with Interviewer: But what about to wash it with do you have any 856C: Well you have soap and water to wash it with Interviewer: Well if you're going to wash your face do you just pick up the soap and wash it or do you have a cloth 856C: I have a cloth and then rub it together to get it lathered and then wash your face Interviewer: What do you call that cloth that you wash your face with just 856C: Well you call it a rag You might say bath rag Interviewer: What about in the in the kitchen there what is that thing that the water comes out of in the sink 856C: Spout Call it a spout Interviewer: Would you call it the same thing if it was out in the yard {X} 856C: Well no you'd call it a water hose Call that a water hose Interviewer: Well what do you connect the house to out in the yard 856C: Out to the something to wash the rinse the yard off with and put water water the grass and stuff hose Interviewer: What do you do you screw the hose on 856C: Screw the hose on to pipe them faucet on to the faucet Interviewer: And you said you ate down here at the restaurant 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Cafe do you what do you drink there for lunch 856C: I drink generally drink coffee and sometimes I drink tea Interviewer: Do they have the coffee there ready 856C: Yeah have it have it ready made coffee Interviewer: What does it come out of 856C: It comes out of a coffee r- {D: spin} or whatever you call it there Interviewer: An urn 856C: Urn call it an urn Interviewer: Well does that thing have a little thing on it to let coffee fall 856C: That's right Turn it off and off and off off and on Interviewer: What do you call that thing there 856C: Unless you call it a faucet Call it a faucet Interviewer: And does that you know you said you'd seen a lake uh freeze over 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well what happens to your pipes in weather like that 856C: Well don't have no pipes in the lake it just froze over be out in the pasture but where you got running water in a lake it doesn't freeze over running water doesn't freeze over Interviewer: What about the pipes of the house does anything happen 856C: Yeah they they freeze Interviewer: Oh they do 856C: They freeze and you have to get a plumber to come fix them up they'll bust Interviewer: I didn't I didn't know 856C: I generally cut the water off all night you see and drain out the pipes but yet you come in best contact while they'll freeze and bust the pipes after doing all that Interviewer: You were telling me the other day about things that you had in the kitchen that your wife and the cook might cook with 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And was there ever anything in the kitchen that might be shaped sort of like this you know 856C: {D: A phone} {D: Yeah a phone} Interviewer: You use a phone 856C: Yeah I use a phone Interviewer: And uh and you were telling me some interesting things about a wagon the other day maybe the horses are 856C: Yeah horses Interviewer: What'd you connect the horse to 856C: You'd protect the horse to the wagon with a tongue a tongue stuck out and you'd put one horse on each side of it and breast them up to the neck so the collar and hook the tracers up and they'd pull the wagon on and on Interviewer: So what do the tracers go back to 856C: Tracers go back to the single tree Interviewer: If you had two of them did you just have a single tree 856C: Double tree Interviewer: Mm-hmm and did anybody ever burn coal here 856C: Not that I know of I've never seen no coal burned here Interviewer: I didn't know if people use it 856C: No they don't use it here Interviewer: Well 856C: I've seen it used one time I believe over at the {D: cotton oil mill} Interviewer: Did they bring it in to the oil mill 856C: Yeah and set fire to a furnace there And burn coal I don't know what purpose they use it for only other than heat or something like that Interviewer: Well if it's just used for heat did they go outside and bring it in in something 856C: That's right bring that in a container and empty it in a funnel and and Interviewer: What'd they call that container they brought in there 856C: I reckon they call it coal container Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything like a a coal bucket or a coal stove or anything 856C: Yeah a coal bucket Interviewer: And out on the farm did you have something that you one wheel on the front and two handles you might use it out up in the yard to carry things in like if you brought home a fifty-pound sack of feed or something what would you put it in to take it out to the barn 856C: Well I generally put it in over my shoulder and take it But you can have a little wagon there to take that in to Interviewer: What about a wheel 856C: Wheelbarrow wheelbarrow Interviewer: You have one of those 856C: Yeah I had one of this Interviewer: And what did did the cook wear anything in the kitchen over her dress to keep it 856C: She drove a had a napkin or a white sheet of cloth you know kind of Interviewer: Like an ap- 856C: Ap- rap- uh Interviewer: ap 856C: ap- apron we use apron Interviewer: Well what about uh when you moved into this apartment these are pretty uh that's a pretty tablecloth over there did you go out and buy that then 856C: Yes I was given that for Christmas present Interviewer: Oh yes sir 856C: From my sister Interviewer: Well it's very pretty I bet you enjoy having it 856C: Yeah Interviewer: If you wanted uh to get some curtains to match it or something you know you might go down to the store here and you might say well I'm not sure this is the same cloth so they might cut a little what to give you 856C: Sample a little sample Interviewer: What do you call this 856C: {D: Pine pin} Interviewer: And uh I know you had children so when your children were babies what'd you hold their diapers together with 856C: Safety pins Interviewer: Oh you did 856C: Yeah so I held them together with safety pins Interviewer: And a dime is 856C: {NW} ten cents Interviewer: Did you ever uh was there ever a time when you grew so much that your coat fit you one year and the next year it was too small 856C: Too small no sir I never had any of that happen I've always been practically the same size all my life and I haven't gained any weight or lost no weight Interviewer: Well let's say that you did or something would you say you might put on a coat and say well this coat 856C: Too small or too large Interviewer: And you'd say but last year it 856C: It fit tight Interviewer: And uh if I put something in my pocket if I had uh two packs of cigarettes or something in my pocket and made it stick out like this 856C: {D: There} Interviewer: It would you say my pocket did what it bul- 856C: Bulge out Need two pockets to your shirt that's the reason I've got this on this morning {NW} I keep {X} one and pencils in the other and things like that I got {NW} I never wear a shirt now unless I got two pockets in it It's become convenient Interviewer: That is nice that's a 856C: I loan money you know to different people and always kept plenty fountain pens and check books and money too Interviewer: Yes sir that's a good idea is there a kind of land around here you know like down next to the Ocean or somewhere where just a lot of grass grows and the tide of the ocean comes in and goes out over it but they can't use the land because it's got water on it most of the time 856C: Well you'd call that a a self-made deck down there it's a Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything like marsh 856C: Marsh yeah I've heard it called marsh too Interviewer: How what is a marsh 856C: A marsh is a wet spot of land where it kind of bogs down when you walk on it or something hits it and walk bogs down or something Interviewer: Are there any of those around here 856C: I have some of them on my place {NW} the cows will run to it and you can't put no horses in there and they'll just stand there You can't drive them out your dogs can't get in there it's all bog you know {NW} And uh I have to wait until another time try to get them Interviewer: That sort of gets in your way I guess 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well along the ocean would you call those marshes too 856C: I'd call them marshes too Interviewer: Well uh do you grow any kind of fruit out there now 856C: Not now I did plums Interviewer: Yes sir well when you grew those plums if you if they dropped on the ground I guess they did sometimes 856C: Yeah they'd drop on the ground Interviewer: What would the skins do after they would dry a little 856C: They'd dry up a little bit and then it'd be insect bite in them or something like that Interviewer: Would they 856C: Shrink they'd shrink Interviewer: Did they ever shrivel did they ever get sort of whithered looking and 856C: Yeah that's right Interviewer: Is that the same as like a shrivel 856C: A shrivel Interviewer: That would you ever use that word to describe what they were like 856C: Well it dried up I'd use that they dried up or shriveled up Interviewer: Did you did you ever grow lettuce 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: You did 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: Tell me about that 856C: Well you'd you'd set the seed out in the bed of a garden I just used it in the garden now and you just hold one plot just like you did anything else until it comes to a head and then you cut it off and carry it into the house and you'd have lettuce Interviewer: How many would you make 856C: I'd make maybe twenty thirty heads of lettuce Interviewer: When you speak of a head of lettuce would you use that if you were talking about cab or something 856C: Cabbage no I wouldn't use that on a Interviewer: Head 856C: I I'd use that with a head of cabbage a hood of cabbage Now I'd use it when I'd say a hood of cabbage not a head of cabbage One head of cabbage I use that one head of bulbs or something like that but as far as lettuce it'd be one head or two heads something like that Interviewer: Well if you had a herd and you said how many cattle you got in that herd 856C: I have fifty Cattle in that herd Interviewer: Would you ever say fifty head or anything 856C: Fifty head fifty head Interviewer: What about if you were talking about children would you ever use that word then 856C: Yeah I'd use that word children I have five children Interviewer: Would you ever say you had five head 856C: No I wouldn't say five head of children I'd say five children Interviewer: Have you ever heard that though people say 856C: No I never have heard them say five head of children Interviewer: What about eleven or something like that a lot of them 856C: A herd I have a herd of children Interviewer: Oh you've heard that 856C: Yeah I've heard that Interviewer: That's interesting uh have you ever heard if there were a whole lot of if there fifty children or something how would you say that would you say that was a 856C: I'd rather have a hundred head of children Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a tassel 856C: A what Interviewer: A tassel 856C: Never have Interviewer: Like a tassel of children 856C: No I never have heard that Interviewer: Or a tassel of geese or something 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: And what do you eat with like when you have when you're fixing your supper or something 856C: Eat with plates sauce and a knife If you had a dessert you'd have that in different bowls you know a spoon in it or something like that Interviewer: What do you bring your food to your mouth with 856C: Fork Interviewer: Have you ever used more than one knife 856C: No I don't believe I have unless cutting up meat or something like that now You'd cut up meat for supper or dinner or stuff with a butcher knife Interviewer: So you'd have two 856C: Two two knives you have two knives Knife to use on the plate and then you have that Interviewer: Well is there a place around here anywhere like over at the lake or something over at Lake Winston or Lake Conroe where the boats come up and tie up to the place 856C: Shoreline They call that the shoreline Interviewer: Do they have any built places though where they could tie up a 856C: Well not that I know of they have them all right now I don't know what you call them but They come up to the shoreline and park and tie up Interviewer: What have you ever been down to the Houston ship ship channel 856C: Yeah I've been I worked down there Interviewer: Oh you did 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: What'd you do down there? 856C: I loaded cotton and loaded two hundred pound sacks of flour and everything like that on this little truck little truck you know with handles to it Interviewer: I didn't know that how long did you do that 856C: I've done that for about three months Interviewer: When was that 856C: That was in nineteen twenty-three Interviewer: Tell me about it about that kind of work 856C: Well you got paid per the hour and you'd go off on six hours and come back on six hours {D} and you'd wear everyday clothes you know and dirty work Interviewer: Oh it was 856C: And I've loaded up two hundred pound sacks of flour I loaded bales of cotton on it they put catch it and then put it on the shelf Interviewer: Well were you working on the shoreline or 856C: on the shoreline I was working on the shoreline in the warehouse {X} to the shoreline Interviewer: Was the warehouse built out on a 856C: platform Interviewer: Well I don't guess the ships would come right in against 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 the wind # 856C: not right against it but pretty close to it and then they'd have tongs and water come stretch out and get it and load it on Interviewer: Would you walk out by the ship is there anything that stuck way out there you know 856C: No it would be just a walk There'd be a walk stick out there Interviewer: Oh to walk out beside the 856C: Walk out beside the ship Interviewer: Well if you wanted to if you were you know in the warehouse and you heard that there was a ship sinking or something way out in the channel 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And you wanted to get as far out in the channel to look down to see you know what it was how would 856C: Well I'd I'd go to the walls out there next to the channel and look and see Interviewer: Is a wharf there 856C: There'd be a wharf yeah Interviewer: How far out would it get 856C: It'd go out maybe several feet fifteen to twenty feet out the wharf Interviewer: Is there any place around here like on the creeks or rivers or anything where it's rocky and the water falls a long way over 856C: Well not especially that way but We have a few waterfalls you know and a river {X} river Yeah it'll be some rocks you know piled up there you know and then the creek would be lower and the water would run on down and hit the lower part of the creek Interviewer: #1 and we # Aux: #2 how far # 856C: we have that Interviewer: how far is a waterfall 856C: a waterfall would be eight or ten feet Interviewer: And uh what do you call I was noticing when I walked out it's so pretty out there this morning what do you call that thing you walk down between these buildings to come down here to your apartment 856C: Call that a concrete walk Interviewer: And if it's running along the side of the street what do you call that like in front of the Texas cafe 856C: There Interviewer: What do you call that 856C: You call that a road I reckon Interviewer: Well if I 856C: Concrete road Interviewer: Well you know right there in front of the 856C: Sidewalk you'd call it a sidewalk Interviewer: Is there any place here in Huntsville where the sidewalk and the road are separated by a strip of grass or something 856C: Well it'd be separated with a curb a concrete curb I don't know about grass But on the highway it is separated with grass Interviewer: Between the sidewalk 856C: Sidewalk and the highway Interviewer: What do you call that strip like that in the grass ever heard it called anything 856C: I don't I haven't heard it called anything That's the dividing line between the sidewalk and the street uh Interviewer: What's a boulevard 856C: A boulevard Well I don't exactly know what a boulevard is it's a large settlement of buildings in a lower lower level of land and all you call that a boulevard Interviewer: Explain that to me I don't understand that 856C: How do I I can't I don't know exactly what a boulevard is Interviewer: Are there any around here 856C: Well there's some in Houston there's not any here Interviewer: Did crows ever get into your corn and stuff around 856C: Oh yeah they'd get in your corn and just ruin it Interviewer: Well if you were walking along by a field or something you know and you saw some crows you know eating your corn what would you do 856C: I I'd go back to the house and get my gun and guard it and shoot it shoot the crows Interviewer: Well would you ever like just reach over 856C: Replant it I'd have to replant it Interviewer: You would 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Do you ever just like reach over and pick up a you know something to you know just when you were a child say just walking by 856C: Well I'd reach down and pick it up and see what it's doing Interviewer: Well would you pick up anything to throw at it or anything 856C: I'd pick up a rock or a stick or something like that Interviewer: So like if you did that you know for your uncle's corn you know when you got back you'd say you picked up a rock and 856C: Threw it Interviewer: And uh if you you know came to visit somebody who lived in an apartment let's say you didn't live here and you came to visit and you knock on the door and nobody came to the door you'd say 856C: Well I'd say no one's here Interviewer: So you'd say I guess there's no one 856C: Guess there's no one here and I'd leave Interviewer: Well would you ever say I guess there's no one something home 856C: Home {NS} No one home Interviewer: And what about if uh if uh you know that woman that cleans up for you 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Whose apartments these are if she was in the kitchen washing the dishes or something she was standing right there 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Washing the dishes and I came to the door and I said Mr Bowden is the manager here you'd say yeah where would you say she was 856C: Yeah she's here in the in the kitchen Interviewer: And uh and if somebody's not walking away from you then you say he's walking 856C: He's walking away from me he's walking another way another direction Interviewer: Well if somebody you know might be walking away from you they might turn right around and start walking straight 856C: He's straight he's turning and walking towards me Interviewer: And what do you drink with breakfast you know kind of 856C: I drink grapefruit juice and orange juice Interviewer: Do you ever drink something to wake you up 856C: No I never have drank nothing to wake me up cause I wake up at five o'clock automatically every morning I've been up since five this morning Interviewer: Five this morning 856C: That's right Interviewer: Do you drink uh that black stuff that's hot 856C: Hot tea or coffee Yeah I drink hot tea and coffee Interviewer: What do you put in it 856C: Just coffee and and and barley and then that just boils and everything then you just put it in a cup and set it and drink it I drank three cups of coffee this morning Interviewer: Do you do you put anything in it to flavor 856C: Sugar Interviewer: So you like your coffee 856C: Yeah I don't like my coffee sugared but you put sugar in it though I drink it plain Interviewer: So you said you like your coffee without 856C: Without sugar Interviewer: And some people like their coffee with 856C: With sugar Interviewer: What about cream 856C: Well I don't drin- use cream but some people use cream and sugar Interviewer: And so I guess you could say um that some people like their coffee 856C: Strong or weak Interviewer: Or with what about milk 856C: With with cream They like coffee with cream in it Interviewer: What about milk does anybody drink it that way with milk 856C: Well they drink plain milk they drink plain I drank a glass of milk this morning Interviewer: Oh you did 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Do uh did you do you ever you don't put anything in your coffee is that right 856C: No I don't put sugar or nothing in there cream or nothing Interviewer: Did any do you ever call that when you drink coffee like that anything else ever heard it 856C: Well you drink it straight just call it straight Interviewer: Ever heard it called barefoot coffee 856C: No I don't believe I ever called it barefoot coffee Interviewer: You know you were telling me the other day about you know some of the animals that live around here in the woods 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Did you ever keep an animal around the house to keep those animals away 856C: Dogs Interviewer: You did 856C: Kept dogs Interviewer: Tell me about it 856C: Well they'd come up toward the house you know my dogs and stress them out and bark and run but out my way now I understand I've got a big bunch of wolves on my place Interviewer: Wolves 856C: And I've got deer too Interviewer: Do you have any dogs out there 856C: I have dogs out there I had dogs out there I have them now but they did chase the wolves away and kept barking you know and kept them away now and dead too Interviewer: What kind of wolves I mean what kind of dogs do you have 856C: I had just common dogs cur dogs and hound dogs Interviewer: Is uh did anybody you ever see anybody keep a dog maybe just as a pet 856C: Oh yeah Interviewer: It's a small noisy yappy kind of dog 856C: That's right Interviewer: What do you call that kind of dog 856C: Well I'd just call him a pet dog I wouldn't have one myself Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything like a vise or anything 856C: Yeah vise Interviewer: Is that a kind of dog 856C: Well it's a little small dog Vise is a little small dog Interviewer: Well if some wolves came up to you out there around the house and you had your dog out what would you say to the dog 856C: Sic em called it sic em Interviewer: You ever get bitten by a dog 856C: Never have Interviewer: Does that will your dog do that 856C: My dog wouldn't bite me no I never I never have been bitten by a dog Interviewer: Does that happen around here very often 856C: It happens once in a while Sometimes they think this is mad dog and it'd be a germ infection or it'd have shots put in Interviewer: Well so if a man that happened he might go to the doctor's office and say well the reason I'm here is that I got what 856C: Bit I got bit by a dog Interviewer: Would you ever say you got dog bit 856C: Dog bit Interviewer: And uh what about uh you know you were talking about the cow or the bull did you have any of the bull called anything else 856C: No I don't believe I have nothing but a bull Interviewer: What about the uh uh male horse did you ever call him anything 856C: Stud horse called him a stud horse Interviewer: Any other names for it you've heard 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: What about the female 856C: Well a mare call her a mare Interviewer: Well I guess if you were keeping cattle you'd look forward to your cows 856C: Yeah Interviewer: having 856C: Calves Interviewer: Well so if that was gonna happen you'd say that cow is going to what 856C: Have a calf She's gonna have a calf Interviewer: Uh you were talking about insects the other day 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Tell me about those insects you know some more about them what kind of insects around here 856C: Well you got insects you got uh fleahoppers They they hope on dogs and possums and you got uh I don't know what kind of stuff we got Interviewer: Do you have any that build big papery 856C: Wasps we have wasps Interviewer: You do 856C: Yeah wasps spiders you have spider nests Interviewer: Do you have anything that would a wasp sting you or 856C: Wasps sting you Interviewer: Do you have anything else that would sting you maybe bigger than a wasp 856C: Well we have a d- dirt dauber but he won't sting hardly sting you or he'll light on you Interviewer: So tell me about the dirt daubers then 856C: Dirt daubers is kind of a black looking creature flies and a wasp is red looking and he'll sting you quick a wasp will Interviewer: Is there anything bigger than a wasp though like this builds a big paper gray colored nest that uh like a have you ever heard of a hornet something like that 856C: Hornet's nest I've heard of a hornet's nest Interviewer: What 856C: They build that inside the tree Interviewer: What builds that 856C: The hornets I don't know they've got a hole in a tree there and they form a nest in there Interviewer: And you know when we talked about that and you told me about you fish with worms 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Tell me about the kind you know what kind of worms 856C: Well you'd dig them up out of the earth it's just one of them's in the ground you know and almost any kind of ground and you dig them up and mostly in black land or stiff land and dig them up and separate them and put them on your hook and fish with them Interviewer: Well would you ever fish like with the hornets 856C: No I never did fish with a hornet Interviewer: Well what about other kind of animals did you ever fish with any other bug 856C: Well I have with bees and grasshoppers I've fished with grasshoppers grasshoppers are good bait Interviewer: You ever fish with a little what is it a little uh bug a little uh fish a little small fish 856C: Little perch I've fished with a little perch the little minnows Interviewer: Is that is a minnow and a perch the same thing 856C: No a minnow is smaller smaller than a perch Interviewer: You mentioned spiders uh do you have any trouble with them 856C: Well last month They they build nests in the top of your house or side of your house and stuff like that you know {NW} And in the wheelhouse and you got to be particular they'll build them in the garage Interviewer: What do you call that that 856C: Wasp's nest {NW} I just call it wasp's nest We've got a wasp's nest around the whole place Interviewer: But what about the spiders do they build anything 856C: The spiders build things too Interviewer: What do they build 856C: They build little nests Interviewer: What do you call them 856C: Just spider is all I know of Interviewer: The thing they build have you ever heard it called like a spider web or cobweb 856C: Oh yeah Spider web Cobweb Interviewer: Is that the same thing 856C: Same thing Interviewer: Well where do they build them 856C: They build them in the roof of the house or the roof of the inside closure or something like that Interviewer: Would they build one in here 856C: No they wouldn't build one here because they can't get in here Interviewer: So they don't build them in your 856C: They don't build them in your house They build them on the side of the house or side of the roof Interviewer: Uh do you like to eat sea food 856C: I like fish I do Interviewer: What kind of fish do you get here 856C: I like catfish and perch and trout Interviewer: Is that freshwater or is that 856C: Freshwater I don't like cold saltwater fish Interviewer: Oh you don't 856C: No Interviewer: All right so you 856C: Just don't tas- taste natural Interviewer: Hmm do you get many of them around here 856C: You get a lot of them near here Interviewer: What kind of fish do they get 856C: Well they get Catfish fried catfish some trout and stuff like that but it's against the law it's banned for the sale scaled fish well it's trout and scaled fish Interviewer: Hmm what about 856C: You have to go out and fish and get them yourself You can't sell it Interviewer: Do you like any food they get out of the ocean here 856C: Nothing but fish that's all I like Interviewer: You like shrimp 856C: Shrimp I don't my wife did I never have tasted a shrimp in my life Interviewer: What about those other little things that have shells 856C: Oysters you talking about oysters I like oysters Interviewer: Oh you do 856C: Yeah Oysters are good Interviewer: Well did uh do you ever uh you know see molasses sold at the store 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Tell me about it 856C: Well it's been sold It's been round up somewhere in the field somewhere and it's been stored in a bucket a little half gallon bucket A gallon bucket and then they take them around to the feeding stores and different places for sale and that's where I've always bought my molasses is the feeding store because of homemade sugar cane and syrup Interviewer: So would they put it out in the middle of the floor or anything 856C: No put it out on the table Interviewer: What would you call that down on the table a big what just would you call it a display or a stand 856C: Big display Interviewer: Well if there was a bowl of fruit right there and a bowl full of oranges or something and uh you know you came in here and you saw the oranges and you went back in the room and while you were back there maybe uh you know your grandchildren were over here or something they might get them all 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And you come back and say why the oranges are 856C: All gone {NW} Interviewer: And if uh when your children were learning to dress themselves 856C: Yeah Interviewer: what would your mother say to I mean your wife say to them you know 856C: She'd try the dresses on and say it fits real well It fits real well or either it's too long Interviewer: Well if the child wanted to you know dress himself or something 856C: Yeah Interviewer: #1 She might take the clothes and say well what # 856C: #2 Yeah # They'll do or they won't do Interviewer: Say or she might just pick out the clothes that 856C: Pick out the clothes and {X} Interviewer: And say here 856C: Here take this one Interviewer: So she'd say here would she say here are your clothes or what 856C: Here are your clothes I want you to wear Interviewer: And uh uh if I asked you if you thought Jimmy Carter or somebody was gonna be president you know you'd say well I don't know but what but if you talk about other people you'd say that 856C: I don't know what the other folks gonna do but I ain't gonna vote for him I'm gonna vote for so and so Interviewer: And so and but you if I said well how do the other people in town feel you'd say 856C: Yeah Interviewer: They're 856C: Same thing They feel the same way towards him as I do Interviewer: And uh and if you had an argument with somebody and they just you know wouldn't change their mind at all you'd say well I'm right 856C: Yeah I'm right And he's contrary as hell Interviewer: And uh and you might speak to that person he says he might call you something what would he call you for instance you know what would he say to you you know 856C: That you just don't know your language or something like that Interviewer: And then you'd say I don't care what you say I'm right 856C: I'm right Interviewer: And what would you how would you would you say anything else to him 856C: Well I'd say I'm right in pronouncing the name of it Interviewer: And well what would you call a person like that you'd say that's being contrary as hell anything else 856C: Ignorant as hell either ignorant or don't know nothing Interviewer: Well if you know if you you know had enough information to prove to him that you know he was thinking wrong then you could say look here you see this this is you've got the wrong idea and he wouldn't change his mind #1 mind # 856C: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: You'd say he was just 856C: Been converted He's been converted Interviewer: So he's just a 856C: Fool Interviewer: Well and the way he was acting would be you'd say now don't be so what 856C: Contrary Interviewer: Would you ever say another word there like stub- 856C: Stubborn Interviewer: Do you ever say that 856C: Yeah I've used that word stubborn Interviewer: Well what about somebody who isn't like that who was just real easy to get along with you know what do you call a person like 856C: He's an easygoing fella Interviewer: And uh uh what about like a horse if a horse is you know just you know never loses its temper or anything and always does what you want it to do 856C: He's calm He's calm the horse is calm And one that's not calm would be contrary he's contrary Interviewer: Well what about if a if a man uh is just a little overweight but he's very you know very strong you know how would you describe him 856C: Well I'd describe him he's a little overweight but it's not seemed to hurt him no way Interviewer: What well what about if he's not really overweight he's just a big powerful person 856C: Powerful Interviewer: Big 856C: He's a big boned fella he's a giant fella Interviewer: Would you ever use the word stout 856C: Stout yeah you'd use the word stout Interviewer: How would you use that what does that mean 856C: He's a stout built person Interviewer: What does stout mean when you use it like that 856C: Well that's big boned and plenty of flesh on him and everything I'd call that a stout person Interviewer: Well uh you know when a when a boy is in his teen years you know he sort of grows real tall and not very wide 856C: Yeah Interviewer: big and you know he seems to be all arms and legs you know just can't walk through a room without stumbling over #1 something # 856C: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Uh you'd say well he's mighty what 856C: M- mighty mighty I don't know but he's mighty outgrown himself mighty outgrown himself Interviewer: Well the way he walks though you say he was mighty 856C: Stumbling Interviewer: And what about the way he looked he looked so funny 856C: He was trying to look funny look kind of weak like or something Interviewer: Would you say he was like have you ever heard any other like gangly or 856C: Gangly awkward He's awkward Interviewer: And uh what would you call a person who just never will spend a cent you know 856C: Tight Interviewer: He's a tight person What about somebody who you know who will pay you well you know for the work you do for him but it's hard to get money out of him you know he you have to really put out 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What about somebody like that 856C: He's a tight man tight Let me go in here in the bathroom Interviewer: Yes sir {NS} 856C: Cause I have nothing to do today I need to go out to the farm and see if we've got any mail out there I have a mailbox out there Interviewer: {NW} Well you know would you ever if you were talking about someone being common what would that mean 856C: He's commonplace He doesn't know anything Difference in anything like that Interviewer: When you speak of {D: tracks} what do you mean 856C: Well I mean he's just somebody just hasn't gotten a sense a fool like person {NS} Interviewer: Well what do you call like an old man who you know is still strong and active and doesn't show his age you know you say he's still 856C: A able bodied man Interviewer: And what about somebody who's 80 or something you know who still does all this old 856C: He's still still {X} all right according to his age He still does lots according to his age Interviewer: What about an old woman who's maybe 85 or something 856C: Yeah doing all the work though you'd say she's mighty Mighty thrifty Interviewer: And would that mean that what would that mean you know if you said that she was thrifty 856C: Well she's mighty strong and stout at her age Interviewer: Get by by herself 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Would ever you know say she was a would you ever use that talking about young people would you say they were thrifty or 856C: Well you would thrifty person young is supposed to be thrifty Some of them are not you know some of them are dumb and slow but some of them are thrifty and energetic Interviewer: Well what about pert is there a such thing as pert 856C: Uh what Interviewer: Would you ever say an old person was pert 856C: Well I don't know Interviewer: Well what about if uh if you know your daughter said you know she was going to be here at ten o'clock and she wasn't here you know it was already ten thirty you'd say well I'm beginning to feel just a little 856C: Uneasy about her Interviewer: And what about if uh if it was a you know it was twelve o'clock and she still wasn't here you'd say 856C: Uh I don't know what's happened to her I better call her and see Interviewer: Okay I'm what that she's been stopped by the police 856C: I've been disappointed Interviewer: Well uh what about if you were driving along and the police came up behind you and they with their light flashing 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Because they because you were speeding #1 or something # 856C: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: What would you 856C: He wants me to stop Interviewer: Did uh when you were a child were you ever afraid to walk paths like a dark place in the room or something 856C: No I wasn't afraid Interviewer: Was anybody afraid to pass a graveyard at night or something 856C: No it's sort of Humans like though to pass the graveyard at night but I'm one that wasn't I'd go to the graveyard at night pass by the graveyard at night but as someone that was live beyond the graveyard I had to pass by every night I don't know what they {D: accomplish suspicion or not} but I didn't Interviewer: Why would they were they afraid 856C: I don't know unless they think there gonna be ghosts or something like that you know around the graveyard Interviewer: Well were you ever {X} just for a little while 856C: No I never was Interviewer: Are some people like that all the time 856C: Some people are like that all the time Yes Interviewer: How do you say they are they act what might 856C: They act like a fool or Contrarious devil Interviewer: Well if you were uh if if they were just afraid just for a few minutes like if they were walking along and they heard a loud noise 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Scared them just for a minute though you'd say that they were just what they're just a little 856C: They were scary Interviewer: And if uh if I was talking about somebody I might say well I don't know why she's afraid now cause she what in the past you know cause she 856C: She wasn't in the in the past Interviewer: So you'd say she wasn't 856C: Yeah I'd say she wasn't in the in the past Interviewer: And uh what would you call somebody like who who you know who might leave his apartment and leave his money out on the table and just leave the door open just forget about it that kind of person would be what mighty 856C: Mighty mindless Interviewer: Or would you ever use another word like care- 856C: Careless Interviewer: Well what about uh if you were talking about an old person who sort of had funny ways just people you might say well there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy or you know somebody like that you know but she's just a little bit 856C: Peculiar Peculiar Interviewer: Would you ever use another word there 856C: Well not that I know of {D: mighty peculiarness} Interviewer: Well now what about a word like queer would you ever use that 856C: Queer I usually use the word queer Interviewer: And uh do you have a few examples of you know like how you'd use that word 856C: Well it'd be looking at a different angle on something you know Some would look at it senseless and Well some would look at it queerly and scarier like and afraid like and things like that you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm well if there was uh somebody here in town who said well he's a queer would you mean he was eccentric or what would do you know what that would mean 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: And uh what about if uh if somebody you know likes to you can't you can't joke with him because he'd lose his temper so fast you know you'd say he's mighty what 856C: Mighty uh mighty strange mighty Interviewer: Well if you just 856C: High tempered Interviewer: And uh would uh if somebody was real high tempered and you started kidding with him 856C: Yeah Interviewer: He'd get what 856C: Get mad Interviewer: And uh what if somebody was about to lose their temper you know and starting a fight 856C: Fight Interviewer: You'd say now everybody just 856C: Quiet down Interviewer: Or keep 856C: Keep quiet Interviewer: Would you ever say keep ca- 856C: Calm keep calm Interviewer: When would you say something like that 856C: When it's something about gonna be a fight or something and it looks like it's gonna be a fight you just keep everybody just keep keep calm Interviewer: Well you know if you had been working hard all day you know at the end of the day you {X} you were very what 856C: Very tired Interviewer: And if you were very very tired you'd say you were all 856C: Mostly exhausted Interviewer: Would you ever say like if you used like wear out would you ever say you were all 856C: What to wear out Yeah I'd use that word Interviewer: And at the end of the day you might say you were all I'm completely 856C: Worn out Interviewer: And uh and if a person was well you know like an old woman or something was just well and then suddenly you know you hear that old woman has some disease or something and you say well last night she what 856C: Last night she seemed not to be that way Interviewer: And so you don't know when she 856C: Yeah come- got uh sick Interviewer: And uh and if uh you say that she's sick now and if you don't really know when but you know that sooner or later it'll all be over you'll say but she be up again 856C: In a few days Interviewer: Would you ever say uh if you were talking about traveling somewhere would you say we'll be there 856C: We'll be there Thursday or Friday or a matter of time we'll be there in a matter of time Interviewer: Would you ever say like by by by something like that 856C: By by Interviewer: We'll be there 856C: We'll be there Thursday or Friday or Saturday Interviewer: Well you know if you knew you were going to get uh if you had some neighbors working for you out on the farm 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And they just worked you know they were building a fence or something and they'd been working on it for months it wasn't complete you'd say well I guess they'll finish it 856C: Some day or later Interviewer: Would you ever say like by and by 856C: By and by Interviewer: Do you ever do you 856C: Yeah I use that word Interviewer: Well if a person you know stood in a draft or something and uh got his head and his feet wet and he'd begin to cough you'd say he did what 856C: Taken a fresh cold Interviewer: And if it affected his voice you'd say he is what 856C: Sore throat Interviewer: Or if he was talking like this 856C: Yeah he's hoarse Interviewer: And you might {NW} 856C: Cough Interviewer: And you might go to bed because you said I'm just feeling a little 856C: Exhausted Interviewer: Or I'm sl- I'm feeling a little 856C: Tired Interviewer: And uh what about if he wasn't really tired because he hadn't done any work but he just couldn't stay awake he just said he felt sl- 856C: He's completely exhausted Interviewer: Would you ever say drowsy or sleepy 856C: Drowsy He's drowsy sleepy Interviewer: Is that the same thing 856C: The same thing Interviewer: Well uh what did you do at five o'clock this morning 856C: I got up and made my coffee and cooked my breakfast I didn't shave however I haven't shaved yet I generally shave but I didn't this morning Interviewer: And then at five o'clock tomorrow morning you'll do what again 856C: I'll do the same thing although I'll shave first Interviewer: So you say you got up is there another way of saying that 856C: Got up I was awake I woke up Interviewer: Tomorrow morning you will what you will wa- 856C: I was awake I woke up Interviewer: And tomorrow 856C: And tomorrow I got up Tomorrow I got up and shaved and cooked my breakfast and made {NS} Interviewer: We were talking about uh what you would do so you would say that this morning you what 856C: Got dressed Interviewer: And you But at five o'clock you what 856C: Woke up Interviewer: And if a person can't hear at all you say he's 856C: Deaf Interviewer: And what if he's just uh you know beginning to say he's just a little what 856C: Little off of mind uh he's just barely can hear Interviewer: And uh what about if uh do you keep any medicine here like for malaria like you use 856C: No I don't keep none for malaria I take medicine for my health Interviewer: What do you take 856C: I take some nerve pills I had a nervous breakdown seven or eight years ago and they put me on nerve pills and sleeping pills So I take them Interviewer: What about have you ever heard of a little white tablet called quin- 856C: Quinine oh yeah Interviewer: Do you 856C: You take that for fever and chill and stuff like that Interviewer: Do they have much of that around here 856C: Yeah {X} Interviewer: Tell me about what 856C: Well a little white capsule like thing and you take two or take one every hour or two It helps your cold and fever and everything Interviewer: Well if somebody was feeling sick right here you'd say he was sick where 856C: In his {X} stomach Interviewer: And he might begin to do what 856C: Vomit Interviewer: And what about if he was doing that a whole lot you'd say he really is 856C: Sick Interviewer: And well is there if somebody was you know pretty bad that 856C: He needs to go to the doctor Interviewer: So you might say he was just leaning over the fence and 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Is there any other word besides vomit you could use 856C: He's heaving Interviewer: And is that the same as vomiting 856C: Vomit that's the same Interviewer: Would you use one in one place is one cruder than the other 856C: Well it's the same thing one {NW} Interviewer: Well uh which one would you use like you know if you were trying to be more polite would it make any difference 856C: It would make no difference Interviewer: And uh 856C: But if it's me I'd be I'd be vomiting Well if uh if somebody was sick next door if a man was sick his wife might come right over here you know and you say he's hardly you know that man has hardly started vomiting when his wife ran over here why To tell me about it Interviewer: And uh if you invited somebody to come visit you this evening uh you might and you know you really want him to come you'd say I want you to come now and if you don't come I'll 856C: I'll be disappointed Interviewer: Would you ever say I shall I shall be disappointed 856C: I shall be disappointed Interviewer: Do you ever say that 856C: Yeah I'll say that Interviewer: Does that does it mean the same thing 856C: Yeah same thing I'll be disappointed or I shall be disappointed It means the same thing Interviewer: Well you know uh if if you wanted to see somebody you know when they get here you say well I'm what 856C: I'm busy but just a moment I'll see you Interviewer: But if you what about if it's uh somebody you've been waiting to see a long time you you know really wanted to see them you'd say 856C: Yeah Just a moment Interviewer: You'd say I'm what to see you 856C: I'm glad to see you Interviewer: Would you ever use another word there I'm p- 856C: Proud to see see you Interviewer: Did you ever say that 856C: Yeah I've said that Interviewer: Well if a if a boy is very interested in a girl he's been going over to see her a lot he is doing what 856C: He's in love with her Interviewer: And they start doing what they start 856C: Courting Interviewer: Is there another way of saying that besides courting 856C: Well not that I know of devoted to one another Interviewer: And uh he calls her his 856C: Sweetheart Interviewer: And she calls him her 856C: Man friend boyfriend Interviewer: Do you have anything else besides sweetheart and boyfriend 856C: I never have Interviewer: And if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar uh somebody might say you've been 856C: Kissing a girl Interviewer: Any other words do you ever use that are old-fashioned terms instead of just kissing 856C: I mean I say you've been close to your girl son I see lipstick on your shirt Well if he asked her to marry him and she doesn't want to then what would you say that she did to him She refused to marry him either She postponed it for a while Interviewer: And what about if uh if he asked her to marry him and she agreed and then all of a sudden she changed her mind so you'd say she did what 856C: Changed her mind Interviewer: And what did she do 856C: Well I don't know Interviewer: Well you know if they were engaged 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And she decided to give back 856C: They broke up the marriage Interviewer: Well what about if he did it uh would you say that he did 856C: He done broke up the marriage Interviewer: At the wedding though if they didn't break up the marriage what would the man who stands next to the groom what would you call him stands up 856C: By the groom Interviewer: And the man who stands with the groom 856C: Well I don't know a name for that it'd be the Interviewer: Did somebody stand up with you at your wedding 856C: No nobody stood up {X} We just married we got the license we married Interviewer: Did you ever go to a wedding though where at your daughter's wedding did anybody stand up with her 856C: No nobody stood up with her I had someone stand up with her but not I haven't Interviewer: Did uh have you ever been to a wedding like that where somebody stood up with her 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Would the 856C: And give them away Interviewer: What do you call those people 856C: You call them give away parents I reckon I don't know Interviewer: Well like would you ever the one who stands up with the with the groom would you ever hear him called anything like a best 856C: Best man He's the best man Interviewer: And what about the one who stands up with the with the bride 856C: She's a bride's groom Interviewer: Did you ever hear like the bride's maid 856C: #1 Maiden # Interviewer: #2 Of honor # 856C: Her bridesmaid Interviewer: And did you ever her of a real noisy celebration you might have after a wedding say with shooting and 856C: Yeah shooting and firecrackers going on a whole lot of rice on the cars and stuff like that Interviewer: What do you call something like that 856C: I call it acting a damn fool That's what I call it Interviewer: Do you ever hear that thing called anything else 856C: They're cutting up crazy like like that Interviewer: What about a did you ever hear that kind of celebration called anything like we're gonna have a ever hear it called a chivaree 856C: No I never have Interviewer: Well if you went to uh Houston this afternoon and I said where are you going this afternoon you'd say I'm going 856C: To Houston Interviewer: Or you might say I'm going d- would you say I'm going down to Houston or 856C: I'm doing down to Houston Interviewer: Is that down from here 856C: That's down yeah Interviewer: What's up 856C: Up would be up towards Dallas Interviewer: What about towards uh Point Blank 856C: I'm going over to Point Blank That's west of here East of here Interviewer: If you went up towards your farm out to a parking lot where would you say you're going 856C: I'm going out to the farm Which is west from here seven miles Interviewer: Well if somebody meant not in this building not in this door but the door there and somebody came here you know what I'm talking about the same apartment but next door 856C: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: If somebody came up here and said does mister so and so live here you might say no he lives 856C: He lives next door you made a mistake he's living next door Interviewer: And what about across if he lived over there would you say he lived 856C: He lives across the driveway across across the apartment Interviewer: And if you had to go up those steps you know 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say he lives where 856C: He lives up there go up s- second stairs or steps and and turn to your right {NW} He lives next door Interviewer: Well if there were people out there throwing rocks and things and breaking windows you know you might call the police and they'd come and arrest the whole what 856C: Whole bunch whole flock Interviewer: And uh uh what kind of when you were young like when you were dating did you ever go to any kind of celebration like a did you ever have a a you know place where you sort of move around the floor you know 856C: Dancing Yeah I've had that Interviewer: What kind of dances did you do 856C: You do just common dancing Swinging dancing and I don't know the names of all of them but you just Interviewer: #1 You've ever been dancing # 856C: #2 dance # Yeah I've been dancing Interviewer: Tell me about some of them that you would do some of the dances 856C: Well I dance with my wife Of course we were doing a sweetheart and I'd dance with one or two other girls Interviewer: And um who would provide music 856C: Well they'd have a piano playing a guitar playing something like that violin playing have two or three boys there Interviewer: Would that be when you were at school 856C: Yeah it'd be when I was in school Interviewer: I guess it wouldn't be before classes were over 856C: No it wouldn't be before class is over Interviewer: So you'd say we're going to have a dance as soon as school 856C: School's outs Interviewer: What time does that happen what time does school 856C: Well it happens oh about eight o'clock at night Interviewer: Is when school 856C: {D: scout} School's out Interviewer: And uh what about uh does school this afternoon like at four o'clock might be when school does what 856C: Turn out Interviewer: And after the summer time you know around Labor Day 856C: Yeah Interviewer: is when school does what 856C: Have a holiday Interviewer: And then they've been out all s- 856C: Yeah Interviewer: So that's when school 856C: They they go back to having school Interviewer: So would you say it begi- that's when school 856C: Begin begins Interviewer: And if a if a boy left home like to go to school and he didn't show up there what would he be doing 856C: He'd be absent He'd they'd look into the case and see what's the matter with him phone back to school see See that they report to school and get uneasy about him Interviewer: Well you know they might call his parents and they say oh he left to go there 856C: Yeah Interviewer: He must be doing what 856C: must be fooling around somewhere Interviewer: Would you ever say what would he be doing if he stayed out of school like that 856C: He'd be absent Interviewer: Well and he would be would you say he was uh play- 856C: Playing hooky He'd be playing hooky Interviewer: And uh what about if uh if he was in uh college but he didn't show up would you say he was playing hooky then too 856C: Playing hooky too Interviewer: Why do people go to school they go to get an 856C: An education Interviewer: And after like he finishes kindergarten or something they go on to the what 856C: High school Interviewer: But where they first start they they start at the 856C: S- I think sixth grade I believe it is Interviewer: But the when they when they're young people at seven years old they go to the what 856C: High school Interviewer: Is that where they go 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: Well just a child what 856C: Well kindergarten they first go to the kindergarten and from kindergarten they go to the high school I don't know what class you put them in but Interviewer: Well like would you say they what about like the first grade or primary 856C: Primary grades they're primary grade Interviewer: What is that 856C: That's below seventh below seventh grade Interviewer: And uh is that the would you say they were in the first grade or the first year or what 856C: F- first grade they'd be in the first grade or first semester Interviewer: What would they sit at 856C: Table Interviewer: And then later on they might sit at a 856C: Desk Interviewer: And two of them would be two 856C: Two desks a couple of desks Interviewer: Is there a building around here just for books 856C: There's a library here I don't know about building books but they got lots of books in them they bought and everything Interviewer: Well where do you mail a package 856C: Post office Interviewer: And if you go to a strange town you stay overnight at a 856C: Hotel Interviewer: And you go to see a play at the what 856C: Play at the theater Interviewer: Uh if uh what are the states like between other states around here talk about a little bit 856C: Well Louisiana is the next state here bordering us Interviewer: And then past that 856C: And then past that you go into I believe it's Georgia isn't it Interviewer: Well there's some states in between 856C: Yeah Georgia Interviewer: Yeah 856C: Mississippi Interviewer: And Al Ala- 856C: Alabama Interviewer: And what about where Nashville is 856C: Tennessee Interviewer: And do you know the capital of Georgia 856C: Atlanta Georgia Interviewer: You know any other places in Georgia 856C: No I don't believe I do Interviewer: Well there's one right 856C: I have never been there Interviewer: There's one called Mac- Mac Macon 856C: Macon Georgia That's not the capital though is it Interviewer: No 856C: {NW} Interviewer: And there's a seaport town there called there's an old town called Sa- Savannah 856C: Savannah Georgia Interviewer: Do you know any other towns in Tennessee 856C: No I don't believe I do Interviewer: What towns do you know there 856C: I don't know of any Interviewer: Me- 856C: Nashville Tennessee I know Nashville Tennessee Interviewer: What about Me- 856C: Memphis Tennessee I know that Interviewer: And uh Little Rock 856C: Little Rock Arkansas Interviewer: And uh Saint Louis 856C: Saint Louis Missouri Interviewer: And uh the bluegrass state where they make whiskey 856C: Whiskey Kentucky Interviewer: And the south of Georgia is it you know where Miami is 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What state is that 856C: Florida Interviewer: And then going north from Georgia you go into the Carolinas what are they 856C: South Carolina and North Carolina Interviewer: And what about where Baltimore is 856C: Baltimore Maryland is in Maryland Interviewer: And uh and then Albany is the capital of what state 856C: Albany is the capital of Interviewer: The state where uh the largest city in the country 856C: New York That's the capital of it Interviewer: And uh what about the state where uh Richmond is 856C: Uh I can't pinpoint that Richmond what Interviewer: Vir- 856C: Virginia Richmond Virginia Interviewer: And uh the capital of the country though is 856C: Washington Interviewer: Washington 856C: DC Interviewer: And uh do you know any towns in South Carolina Charl- 856C: N- Charleston South Carolina but that's all that I know Interviewer: And Alabama that's Bir- 856C: Birmingham Alabama Huntsville Alabama stuff like that Interviewer: What about in Illinois 856C: Chicago Illinois Interviewer: And uh do you know other towns I mean the other towns in Alabama besides like the capital of Alabama is Mont- Montgom- 856C: Montgomery Alabama Interviewer: And uh is that the same name as this county down here 856C: Same name as Montgomery County down here Interviewer: What about the town right on the coast of Alabama Mo- 856C: Mobile Alabama Interviewer: In North Carolina there's a resort town in the mountains back home Ash- Asheville you ever heard of 856C: Asheville I've heard of it Interviewer: Do you know any other towns in Tennessee though like Kno- 856C: Knoxville Tennessee Interviewer: And Ch- 856C: Chattanooga Tennessee Interviewer: And in Georgia there's a town called Col- 856C: Columbus Georgia Interviewer: And then in Louisiana what are the towns over there 856C: Well you Baton Rouge is in Louisiana New Orleans is in Louisiana Interviewer: What about in Ohio 856C: Chicago Ohio Interviewer: And Cin- 856C: Cincinnati Ohio Interviewer: And uh in Kentucky 856C: Kentucky Interviewer: Where the derby is 856C: Yes derby Interviewer: L- 856C: Louisville Kentucky Interviewer: And what about do you know any countries in Europe like what's the big Communist country where Moscow 856C: M- M- Italy Uh uh What do you call that Interviewer: Ru- 856C: Russia Interviewer: And where the French people are 856C: French France Interviewer: And where the Irish people are 856C: In Ireland Interviewer: And uh and if a man is funny you know and you like him you know you'd say well I like him 856C: Because he has a wonderful personality Interviewer: And a preacher preaches a what 856C: Sermon Interviewer: And the choir provides a 856C: Music and singing Listening Interviewer: You were talking me about uh the niggers being afraid around here 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would they be afraid of in the in the in the graveyard tell me about that 856C: Spirits they think it's spirits Interviewer: Did they ever tell you that 856C: Yeah They told me that Interviewer: Tell me about 856C: Say I don't want to go in those graveyards there's spirits there Dead people you know come alive or something that's what that's reference to Interviewer: Well how do you greet somebody on the twenty-fifth of December 856C: Happy happy Christmas happy Christmas Interviewer: Ever hear anything else me- mer- 856C: I met Interviewer: Mer- 856C: Merry or Christmas Christmas day Interviewer: You ever say merry 856C: Merry Christmas Interviewer: You ever say that 856C: Yeah I said that Interviewer: Well what about uh you ever hear Christmas 856C: Christmas Eve Yeah I've heard that That's why you get {X} on Christmas Eve Interviewer: What about Christmas gift ever heard that 856C: Christmas gift I've gotten Christmas gift Interviewer: Has anybody ever said that to you just Christmas gift 856C: Christmas gift Interviewer: As a greeting 856C: As mostly they are hands here hands here {NW} All the Christmas gifts they're over there hands here {NW} Interviewer: Why who says that who says Christmas gift 856C: Well I my way are niggers and some common white folks too will say that Christmas gift I said oh hands here Hands here {NW} Interviewer: Well why who do they say that to 856C: They say it to most anyone Well whoever they meet you know That's just the old saying Christmas gift they haven't gotten no gift so they're asking for one Interviewer: Well do children say it too or just adults 856C: No it'd be different people a different sort Interviewer: Well uh 856C: I generally give my children Christmas gifts {NW} When my wife was living especially every year we'd give them Christmas gifts But this Christmas I didn't give them all Christmas gifts {NS} I don't know that I gave anyone Christmas gifts because I love all of them and They all gave me Christmas gifts Interviewer: Well you know after Christmas there's another holiday 856C: New Year's Day Interviewer: What do you say thens 856C: Happy New Year Interviewer: Would you ever say New Year's gift like Christmas gift 856C: No never say that just Happy New Year Interviewer: Well if any you know if uh if somebody did you a big favor you know you might say thank you you know 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Or you might say I'm much thank you I'm much 856C: I'm much glad appreciated that you gave me that favor Interviewer: Would you ever say you were much obli- 856C: Obliged Obliged Interviewer: Well so tell me what you'd say 856C: I'm I sure thank you and I'm much obliged Interviewer: And if you got a package you know from the went downtown and bought a picture or something to put on the wall 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Then they might do what to it you'd say he did what to it he wra- 856C: He rewrapped it He wrapped Interviewer: And then when you got home you 856C: Unwrapped it Interviewer: And uh if you went down there and you saw a picture you liked a lot but it had a four-thousand-dollar price tag 856C: Price tag on it Interviewer: You'd say 856C: I saw a picture down there but the price was too high Interviewer: So you'd say it co- 856C: Cost too much Interviewer: And the first of the month is when your telephone bill is 856C: Due Interviewer: And if you belong to a club to or the Chamber of Commerce you have to pay yearly 856C: Yearly dues Interviewer: And if you don't have any money people come to you and say they want to 856C: Borrow I've had one call me this morning to borrow one hundred dollars But I never had it because I was afraid of it Interviewer: And well uh you might say you know if you don't want to make him feel bad about it you'd say well I would loan you some money but I can't because money is 856C: Getting short Interviewer: Well would you ever say it was sca- 856C: Scarce Interviewer: Well you'd say so money is scar- 856C: Scarce that's right Interviewer: You'd say uh uh do you ever just do you like to swim 856C: I like to swim all right Interviewer: When you 856C: A long time ago now Interviewer: Tell me about that 856C: Well I used to go horseback to the swimming pool and swim a horse in there and wash him off with soap and water and then I'd get up on high sweetgum tree and dive off you know and swim myself you know after I got him out of the water Interviewer: Where was that that you did that 856C: That was down here about seven miles south of Robinson Creek Interviewer: And how old were you then 856C: I was about ten years old I had a horse owned a horse Interviewer: Did you ever dive off 856C: Dive off the sweetgum tree Interviewer: Did you ever hit flat these 856C: Sometimes I'd hit flat a belly washer I hit a belly washer Interviewer: And uh when you were out there did you ever like in the water roll over either 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you be doing 856C: Doing a somersault in the water Interviewer: And uh tell me about you know that what are some other creeks like that around here 856C: Well I don't know of no other creeks around here other than Robertson Creek now we have sandy {D: sandy river} Interviewer: Oh you do 856C: It's kind of a part river and part uh having lots of water comes down it but it's not a solid It splits up you know and then it overflows land and makes another ditch down in front you know it's not one creek bed It's not one river bed Interviewer: So you didn't do that 856C: No I never did do that but I fish in it though I fish in the creek Interviewer: Are there any other small creeks or anything 856C: No no small creeks Oh Robinson Creek Got Robinson Creek Interviewer: What about town 856C: Town Creek We've got Town Creek here right down here in town to town here All of them I don't know all the mess flows to it you know Interviewer: The 856C: Toilet tissues and everything like that you know goes to it Interviewer: In Town Creek 856C: In Town Creek I need to go take {NS} Interviewer: Well you said you went swimming down there 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Right did you do that by yourself 856C: I'd drive me a bunch of niggers with me nigger boys I associated with one of the little boys in that country out there but niggers and it'd be four or five of us together on horses and go down there and swim But I was about the best swimmer of the bunch and I'd I'd climb up the sweetgum tree and dive off the rim which is pretty high up you know Interviewer: I guess you wouldn't want to go down there by yourself because you might do what 856C: Might drown or something like that Interviewer: Does that ever happen around here 856C: No it never has happened around here Interviewer: Well what does a baby do before it learns to walk 856C: Crawls Interviewer: And uh and if a man like wants to get hide down below something you know he does what 856C: Stoops lower Interviewer: And he what would you say I was doing 856C: Crawls he's crawling Interviewer: Or I might 856C: On his hunkers Interviewer: And what do you call this part of a bag right here 856C: Shank because you call it a shank Interviewer: And uh and if a if there was if this was a hedge or something I'd have to do what I'd have to 856C: Hide behind the hedge Interviewer: Would you say I would be hunkering down to do that 856C: Yeah Interviewer: So how would you say that 856C: He'd be hunkering behind the hedge to keep from being seen Interviewer: And if a if a a woman went to church you know she might uh she might go to the altar and you'd say she 856C: was converted Interviewer: But she might get down like this you'd say 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Say 856C: Down on her knees Interviewer: Or you say she walked to the offer and she kne- kne- knee- would you say she knelt or she kneeled or what 856C: Kneeled she kneeled Interviewer: And if you were if I said well I'm tired so I think I'm going to 856C: Retire go to bed Interviewer: Or if I was just right here 856C: Arrest Interviewer: Would I say I'm gonna lie lay 856C: Lay down Interviewer: And uh if I called you this afternoon and I said did I tire you out this morning you say yeah so I what in bed all day 856C: I slept slept in bed all Interviewer: But if you didn't sleep you jest 856C: Rested in bed all day Interviewer: You'd say you l- you l- you l- lay 856C: You lay in bed all day Interviewer: And uh but if you slept you might have uh strange what dr- 856C: Strange dreams or feelings Interviewer: And when you woke up you'd say you you'd say guess what I 856C: Dreamed Interviewer: And if you bring your foot down to the floor then you'd say you did what 856C: Stomped it stomped my foot Interviewer: And if you go like that you what something 856C: Rubbing you're rubbing or squashing Interviewer: Well you pu- 856C: Push Interviewer: And if you do this what do you 856C: Pull Interviewer: And uh if a child you know grandchild of yours was in here a young grandchild went in there and the stove was on and tried to reach up there you'd say what would you say to him to make him stop 856C: No fooling with that there that's electricity Interviewer: And uh if you like if you need to hammer something you'd tell me to go and what 856C: Go and get one in the garage Interviewer: And when you play games like as a child did you ever play uh 856C: #1 ring # Interviewer: #2 tag # 856C: Ring around the rosie and stuff like that I Interviewer: Did you ever go hide 856C: Hide Interviewer: Uh-huh 856C: No Interviewer: Played hide and seek or 856C: Oh yeah I played hide and seek Interviewer: What was that ever called anything else 856C: I don't believe it was Interviewer: What was the place you ran for 856C: You ran for to hide in some corner so nobody could find the girl hunting you or the boy hunting you Interviewer: And if they got after you you'd have to 856C: Run Interviewer: For the what 856C: Run for the home plate Interviewer: And uh you didn't want them to 856C: Tag tag you or push you Interviewer: Or ca- 856C: Catch you Interviewer: And uh and if somebody's just blowing the horn you know and you weren't quite ready you'd get out of the way to j- just 856C: Just let them blow on Interviewer: Would you say just a mi- 856C: Just a minute Interviewer: And uh and if it was you out there you know you blew the horn you might say they might say just a minute you say don't worry I'll wait what you 856C: I'll wait for you Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh and uh uh what about if uh you know if you tried something and you missed it you might tell the person that you were working with just give me one more 856C: Chance Interviewer: And uh if a man you know always catches the point of a joke you'd say it's because he's got a good s- 856C: Sense of humor Interviewer: And uh uh if uh somebody uh you know you know didn't want to uh uh you know didn't know what was going on you know but but he put on that impression 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say well he really didn't know what was going on but he 856C: Done the best he could Interviewer: But he well if he he he he was trying to make you think he was 856C: Yeah Interviewer: So he did what he a- 856C: He acted like Interviewer: What are you this your a- your uh apartment {B} is your 856C: Apartment Interviewer: Is your ad- 856C: Address Interviewer: And if you want to uh write a letter you have to do what to it the front of it 856C: Put the address on it Interviewer: So that's called doing what to it 856C: Called postal address Interviewer: And you say let me ad- 856C: Add my address on it Interviewer: And you adr- 856C: Address it Interviewer: Do you ever say that 856C: Yeah I say that Interviewer: And uh and if you write somebody if you want to send him a letter you have to do what to the letter you have to you say well I will what you a letter 856C: Sign the letter Interviewer: And you might you know somebody might come to you and say I don't know how to what 856C: Address a letter Interviewer: And uh if you send somebody a letter you expect an 856C: Answer Interviewer: And so they might what you a letter 856C: Write me a letter Interviewer: And if a little boy knew something that you didn't think he should you know you'd say who what you that 856C: Who told you that Interviewer: Would it make any difference if it were something that you were just surprised 856C: Yeah it'd be something I was surprised at Interviewer: What about if it was something that you didn't think you didn't want him to know you didn't think 856C: Well I'd be surprised at that too Interviewer: So you'd 856C: If I didn't want him to know it Interviewer: So you'd say who 856C: Who told you that Interviewer: And if you wanted to lift something like a heavy piece of machinery you know up onto a roof or something you might use a pulley and blocks in a 856C: Block and tackle Interviewer: To 856C: To pull it Interviewer: Would you ever say you're gonna ho- ho- 856C: Hoist it Hoist it up there Interviewer: And if a you know when you pay your bills on time did anybody ever like give you a gift of like you know at the end of the year or something paying your bills on time you'd say that's for 856C: No they send me a Christmas card or something Interviewer: Well 856C: That's for being such a good customer such such as that Interviewer: Well what about uh have you ever heard of lagniappe 856C: A what Interviewer: Somebody giving you lagniappe 856C: No never have heard of that Interviewer: And if uh when you were young you know and you were you know you were uh courting if you know if you went to a dance or something and you saw a girl there you might say you know when the dance was about over 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Uh you might you might want to you know go home with her so you'd say may I 856C: May I go home with you Interviewer: Or may I 856C: May I have a date with you Interviewer: Well what about if you went to church and you were in your car and there was an old woman there you know and she had to walk by herself you'd say may I 856C: May I help you some way or drive you home Interviewer: And would you say drive home if you were walking yourself 856C: Oh no may I escort you home Interviewer: And uh what would you say like if a if you were uh in a buggy or something when you were young you'd say may I 856C: May I drive you home {NS} Interviewer: Um, your name? 863: I'm mrs Will {B} My maiden name was Rosine {B} Interviewer: Rose? 863: Rosine. R-O-S-I-N-E. Interviewer: Mc {B} 863: Mm-hmm. {B} Interviewer: And your address? {B} 863: Beaumont, Texas. Interviewer: And the name of the, county? 863: This is Jefferson County, Texas. Interviewer: {NW} And where were you born? 863: I was born here in Beaumont, as well as my father and my grandfather before me. Interviewer: And your age? 863: My great grandfather came to Texas when he was four years old. He was born in Louisiana. Interviewer: Which grandfather? On which side of your? 863: This is the {B} on my father's side. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Your grandfather {B} was born here? 863: Yes. Interviewer: And your great grandfather came here? 863: He was born in Louisiana in eighteen nineteen, came here about four years later in eighteen twenty-three and his father came from Tennessee. Montgomery County, Tennessee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you know where, um, where in Louisiana your grand, great #1 grandfather # 863: #2 Yes # Lake Charles. Only around seventy miles Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 863: #2 away, you see. # Interviewer: Um, your age? 863: I'm forty-seven. Interviewer: And occupation? 863: I'm a house-work wife and, and I don't think that's a bad term, and I'm a civic worker. Interviewer: What do you mean, civic worker? 863: Oh, I just work in various civic organizations as um, volunteer. Interviewer: And your religion? 863: Episcopal. Protestant. Interviewer: And tell me about your education. Going back just, well, starting with the very first school you went to. The name of it, and 863: Well, I went to mrs Wahrmund's kindergarten. Everybody went to it and then to the first grade and on through junior high school here in Beaumont, Texas. Interviewer: mrs Wahrmund's kindergarten? 863: Mm-hmm. That's W-a-h-r-m-u-n-d. Good German name. Interviewer: This, the, 863: that's, if you want to start from the very beginning, that's it. Interviewer: And then the 863: Through junior high school and the Beaumont Public School. Interviewer: What was the name of the school? 863: Averill Elementary. Interviewer: Averill? 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: A- 863: A-v-e-r-i-l-l. Uh-huh. Dowling Junior High School. Interviewer: Dowing? 863: D-o-w-l-i-n-g. And then I went to Saint Mary's Hall in San Antonio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: For high school. Interviewer: Saint Mary's? 863: Saint Mary's Hall. Interviewer: How long were you in San Antonio? 863: Three years. Interviewer: That was the parochial school there? No, not really. It was sort of under the wing of the Episcopal Church but it was not an Episcopal school. It was an independent school. {NS} {NS} It was, um, a regular nine month boarding school? Do you remember? 863: Yes. Interviewer: Mm. You'd, you'd spend your summers back in Beaumont? 863: Yes. Some of 'em. Interviewer: {NW} And, what about after that? 863: And then I went to the University of Texas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Received a B.A. Degree and went back for one year's, um, graduate work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was your B.A. in? 863: It was in what was called plan two in those days. Uh, Dean Farland, when he was dean of arts and sciences, had started a plan whereby he chose one hundred students every year to take a special course and it was an accelerated course and by the time you were a Junior you were taking graduate courses in whatever your major, if you wanted one, if, you were not required to major. Interviewer: Did you #1 ever major? # 863: #2 All that presupposed # I had enough hours to have a major in English and a minor in History. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What did you go to graduate school in? 863: I took a course in international politics and in, uh, international law. Interviewer: There at Texas? 863: At Texas. Interviewer: So you were at Texas five years in all? 863: Five years. Interviewer: Then, have you gone back to school since? 863: No, but I considered it. Interviewer: {NW}, Um, tell me about the activities you were involved in. 863: Involved in here? Well, right now they're really largely historical. I have been uh, the president of the Beaumont Heritage Society this last year. I was six years on the State Historical Commission and I have been for the last two years on the Texas Historical Foundation. I work with other state groups in historical preservation. I've, previously been the president of the Junior League of Beaumont, the Beaumont Children's home. I have, uh, been head of the women's division of the United Appeals. I've worked in the little theater. Um, I forgot all the things I have done. Of course your Junior League activities give you a wide range of activities. Interviewer: What is 863: Anyway. Interviewer: Junior league exactly? 863: Junior League, it's a national organization of uh young women between the ages of twenty and forty, uh, in selective cities. There aren't junior leagues everywhere but the Association of Junior Leagues of America except they changed the name I think. We're chosen, uh, because we are people who are supposed to have means and leisure and influence and should use it properly. So we're taught to be volunteers and to be good board members and to do volunteer work. I've done volunteer work, for instance, with, uh, retarded children. We've worked in clinics, you know, well baby clinics usually, we've done children's theater. We've done puppetry, we've done school lunches. Welfare. Uh, all sorts of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: things like that. Interviewer: What does the, I've heard the term well baby clinic before, now what exactly 863: A well baby clinic is, uh, where the mothers bring their children for regular check-ups when they're not sick. In other words, it's the post-natal care. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know, they come for their shots, they come to be checked to see if their, uh, if they, they're doing alright. If there is not something that's, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: uh, wrong with them that the mothers don't happen to know. You know if they're developing correctly, if their eyes are doing correctly, if their motor responses are correct. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 All those # good things. It's, it's as opposed to a child that's brought in because it's sick and running fever, you know, or something like this when, we used to have a clinic here, an out-patient clinic Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: a long time ago. We really need one badly now. It faded by the wayside because of the county commissioner but that's another story. Interviewer: Uh, have you been active in church? 863: Yes. Interviewer: What about travel, tell me 863: Well, I love to travel {NW} I've been to Europe twice, I spent a summer in Central America with a Costa Rican family. I just come back from Hawaii. I've been to the far east to Japan and Hong Kong and Bangkok. All of these were just pleasure trips, Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 you understand? # But, uh, I'm a great museum goer, I'm a great sight seer and I'm a great reader, and before we go, we used to travel with our children a lot. We've taken them largely through the United States and into Canada. And I'm the kind that had all the books out and planned where we were going each day, and I would plan it so that we did all our museum and historical and educational sightseeing in the morning and then we had lunch in the afternoon and they played miniature golf or swam or did something they liked so that they enjoyed the trip, you know I don't like to wear 'em out and you can. Interviewer: Have you ever lived away from here though? Besides the 863: No, except for being off at school. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: I've always lived in Beaumont. Interviewer: And, tell me about your parents, where they were born and 863: Well, my father of course was born here because he's a fifth generation or he's a fourth generation Beaumont-er Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And my mother was born in Nacogdoches, Texas which is about a hundred and thirty miles North of here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And, uh, she's a deep east Texan. Her family having also been there for four generations. Interviewer: What was her maiden name? 863: {B} {B} Interviewer: I just interviewed a woman that was related to you then. 863: Who was that? Interviewer: Um. {X} {NS} She's a first cousin or do you know? 863: No, she's a first cousin, actually, of my mother's, although she's my age. My uncle Guy was married twice and this was the group from his second wife so that his oldest child is closer in, to the age of my mother Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: and his youngest child, well she's younger than I am, but, uh, she's actually my mother's first cousin. Interviewer: Um. What? Your parents both had a college education or? 863: Yes. My mother went through her Junior year at the University of Texas. My father, uh, graduated from Rice and then from Harvard Law School. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What sort of work did your parents do? 863: My mother was a housewife and my father was a lawyer and also managed all the family estate and business. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does your family own a lot of land here? In Beaumont? 863: Yes we have. We sold our, our ranch, uh, about three years ago. Big part of it, now we still have land, a great deal of it. And not only here but in uh, in other parts of West Texas and up in Arkansas. But the big, the main ranch, which was here and, and was the largest in Jefferson County, we sold about three years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that where, uh, when you say your family was, or your father's family was 863: No, my father worked out of an office here in town. My uncle was the one who took care of the ranching part. Interviewer: Um. 863: Division of labor. Interviewer: What about your, tell me something about your mother's parents. They were 863: They were both educated people. My grandfather {B} was the president of the bank up in Nacogdoches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, my grandmother, I really don't know about her education. It never occurred to me to ask. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I know, uh, that he graduated from Suwanee. You know the University of the South at Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 Suwanee, Tennessee. # And I don't know about her education, but she was certainly an educated person and a very quotes, cultured, unquote person. She was quite active in the arts and in uh, bringing uh, music, and that sort of thing to Nacogdoches and they usually did this through the college which she was quite active in it and every year there was a group from Beaumont, mrs Beamon {B} whose name you would know if you lived here who was mrs Music Commission in Beaumont. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, two or three of her very good friends would stop by and pick her up in Nacogdoches and they would go up to, uh, the opera and, the Starlight Opera, in uh, Dallas every year. Interviewer: What was your grandmother's maiden name? 863: {B} {B} {B} That's a German name? Yes. Interviewer: Do you know, um, your, your grandmother's, um, parents. Your, your great-grand? 863: No, not on either side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what about your? Tell me more about your grandparents on your father's side. Here. 863: Here? My grandfather was a cattleman but he was a whole lot of other things. He was an entrepreneur in many ways. He was the kind of person, when he thought something needed to be founded, he founded it and when they thought they needed a hotel he had one and when he thought they needed a, uh, rice mill, he founded one and he, uh, started, what in that time was the largest rice mill in the South and the largest irrigation system and when when people weren't yet irrigating, they were just beginning irrigation systems. Oh. He just was a person that had a lot of energy and was always acquiring things, and doing things. He owned lots of downtown office buildings, some of which, we still own. He owned, uh, property all over the state. He was always buying. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: He always said, and this of course has been attributed to a number of people, that all I want is what's mine and what's next to it. Interviewer: {NW} 863: And uh, and he did. He kept on acquiring land, then he would sell some and then he would acquire some more and, uh, He would try to c-, corner the steer market one year and he'd always just did lots of things like that. And we have a story that there was something called a golden meadow bridge. I don't know what or where it was. It was a swindle and he got caught in it and lost some money. A hundred thousand dollars in it. There just, he was a, rather fabulous man and I've seen some wonderful old newspaper articles where {NW} on the front page they used to have Perry Mack Says and they would get him to quote on various things that were going on Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 during the day. # Interviewer: He was one of the, the settlers? {X} 863: Well yes, uh, uh, he was born in eighteen fifty-four I believe. Or eighteen fifty-six. Something like that but, um, his you see, my great-great grandfather James came from Tennessee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It was in the battle of New Orleans in eighteen fifteen and then sometime between eighteen fifteen and eighteen nineteen, married and was living in, in um, Lake Charles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know those records are rather hard to come by. Interviewer: {NW} 863: Many of 'em having been burned. Interviewer: He came from Montgomery County? 863: County Tennessee. Interviewer: Is that, uh, 863: #1 Clarksville. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # near Memphis? of 863: {X} Interviewer: {NW} 863: And uh, I've been up there looking through records but there's no family bible. It's still in possession of some other descendants that I'd like to get away from them but I don't believe I can. Interviewer: {NW} Can you go back, uh, farther than that? 863: No, and I've been trying to, I, bring in an experienced genealogist for not one at all. I tried to go back because I thought they were born in North Carolina, so I went to North Carolina to look for the generation before that only to find that, uh, when they were born, Tennessee was part of North Carolina. Interviewer: {NW} 863: So I just need to go look in some other counties in Tennessee and possibly some in Kentucky because it's right on the Kentucky border and there were two other {B} who were obviously kin to them because of the interchange of land between the various members of the family that lived up near Bowling Green, Kentucky. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What country did they come from? 863: They would have come from Ireland. They were Scotch but you know back when King James the first of Scotland was trying to settle the Irish question, he thought he would do it by sending a lot of Scots over there to live and uh, you notice how well that's been settled if you look at the Irish problems today. It's those Scots that {X} Protestants and they're still fighting. Some of them left and mine evidently left sometime during the seventeen hundreds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: and came to the United States and I know where a lot of {B} are but I just can't uh, I don't, but would you like to have a cup of coffee? Interviewer: Sure. 863: Alright, bring me some coffee {X}. Sometime in the seventeen hundreds, and I've located a lot of {B} that came through and have been to um, South Carolina I believe it was, North? No, South Carolina to see some, but I can't get mine connected with theirs Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: on paper. Interviewer: How do you go about this exactly? I mean where, where do you go #1 Where do you look? # 863: #2 {X} # Interviewer: to look for the records? 863: Well, uh, in census records to begin with, uh, he was listed, this was what, one of the reasons I was going to North Carolina. In a census record is why James' wife was listed as being born in North Carolina so I thought a-ha! Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I will look for her in North Carolina and you go to their archives, and they will have census records and all kinds of records and service records. All kinds of things and it's a whole lot of looking. And sometimes you just go around and you'll get a whole bunch of names. If you are looking for a David {B} you may find him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But only one of them is from Montgomery County. So you think, alright this is probably my David, and then you go back and look in the records and you find a will where he's left it to his children, one of which is your grandfather and Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 there # Such a will does exist in Montgomery County, and uh, actually I had better luck with my husband's family. We were also tracing his at the same time and they did come from Newberry District, North Carolina. Found his right away. You would think it'd be easier to find. {B} but we found {B} right away, not any trouble at all. Interviewer: Have you, uh, ever wanted to get in the Daughters of the Confederacy or Daughters of the American Revolution or anything like that? Did 863: I've been trying to get out. {NW} I've been in all those. My grandmother was a great person for all of those wonderful organizations and she belonged to everything you could belong to Interviewer: #1 Which grandmother? # 863: #2 and was the national # This was mrs {B} I'd a call {B} and she was the National Grand Vice President of the D-A-R one year. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And I find that, uh, ladies groups tend to talk a lot and eat a lot of party food and not do very many things, except for the Junior League. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: So that I have been more interested, for instance, in historical societies or welfare societies that are actually active. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Tell me something about Beaumont, um, bout, is this the oldest city in this area or is, would 863: Oh yes! Interviewer: #1 Port Author be older? # 863: #2 No # no. Port Author wasn't founded until the eighteen nineties. As a matter of fact, uh, when Arthur Stillwell founded it, he had bought about, uh, sixty thousand acres of land from my grandfather who then promptly set about Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: buying some more. And, of course he bought it from other people too. Grandfather didn't own all of that but he owned a large part of what is now, South County. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, Beaumont, was probably the first city that now exists that was founded. It was laid out on purpose right after the war for the Independence of Texas. There were a lot of land entrepreneurs. You see, they had been banned by the Spanish before and, and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: the Spanish wouldn't give you land grants and when they did it was, there were a lot of things that, uh, kept people from really coming in. Well, as soon as Texas had won its independence, they poured in all over. And there were more little towns that were set up in Texas and even in this area, I can name you eight or ten that were set up as, as land speculation. Someone would get a grant of land or buy some land from someone who had gotten a grant and then set up a little town site. And some- some lived and some didn't. Interviewer: What year was this, eighteen? 863: And uh, so eighteen thirty-seven Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh.. # 863: #2 was # the year that, uh, Beaumont was actually set up now Henry {B} bought some land from the {B} whose, in whose land grant the downtown part of Beaumont is situated, in eighteen thirty-five. And then of course the war for independence came and nothing happened, during the war. Or during the hostilities or the upset section, and you understand that the war didn't just actually stop with the Battle of San Jacinto as everyone thinks it did. The Mexicans, for years after, were, would still come in in eighteen forty-two and in other years they would, uh, make raids into Texas and they still wanted it back, you see and they were talking about getting it back and the reason that they went to war with the United States in eighteen forty-eight was because they still wanted Texas back and they didn't think the United States had a right to take it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was 863: So uh, so Beaumont was really the first town that was founded that still exists. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was, is there a, um, considerable Mexican, um 863: Almost none originally, there is, there is some now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But this is more of a recent thing, uh, they're just sort of making their way here but we did not have much of a Mexican population. We were not ever a Spanish outpost in the early days. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know, Spaniards were looking for gold and gold is in them there hill {NW} and not down here in the, in these marshes and they just didn't come down here. Interviewer: What about, um, blacks, would there Oh yes. We were not a great slave-holding part of the country. We were still a pioneer part of the country, you see, having only been opened up in the eighteen thirties. In twenty years, we had, uh, perhaps, there are, there are actually records of this and I can get them if you want me to go upstairs. There were perhaps two thousand slaves in the whole, this whole southeast part of Texas. And, hardly anyone owned more than, uh, one or two, #1 Uh-huh. # 863: #2 or three # There were, there, the largest slaveholders, I think the largest slaveholder here ran a mill and had nineteen slaves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Most people had one or two house slaves and if they had a pretty good amount of land, they might have had one or two field hands. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: #1 And that was all. This was not a plantation # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 part # Interviewer: What percentage of the population would you say 863: In those days? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: At the time of the Civil War, say, oh very small. I can get you those figures if Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 863: #2 If you'd # like to see them later. Interviewer: Well, what about now, what 863: Oh, we're about, uh, a third Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: now. Interviewer: Has it, what about when you were born? Was it, has that been fairly 863: Probably, I, I think this has probably been fairly, uh, stable. Interviewer: Tell me about your, um, husband. Where he was born and 863: My husband was born in Paris, Texas. and when he was about six, they moved to Lake Charles, and when he was in high school they moved to Beaumont. And he's Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 863: #2 lived # here ever since. Interviewer: D:{He went} to Beaumont when he was in high school? 863: Mm-hmm. Graduated from Beaumont High School. And then he went to the Univ- he went two years to Lamar College and then two years to the University of Texas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Where's Lamar College? 863: Lamar University is here in Beaumont. Interviewer: Uh-huh.. 863: It was Lamar College then. It's Lamar University now. Interviewer: #1 I've heard # 863: #2 But you know # the old habits are hard to come of. Talking about language, I'm still liable to call a Mobile, Magnolia Refinery. Interviewer: {NW} It used to be Magnolia? 863: It used to be Magnolia. Good Southern name. And uh, then the Bethlehem Shipyards used to be the Pennsylvania Shipyards. Interviewer: {X} 863: Wanna just turn it off? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But, uh, this, this dis-, this was about ethnic migrations so that you'd get into East Texas, largely migrations from the other Southern states. Most from Louisiana because it was right next door. They came from somewhere else and lived in Louisiana first. Interviewer: Then came 863: and came here. Interviewer: Louisiana or? 863: Well, we have some right down here in this part of the country. Around Beaumont you have a lot of the Cajuns, but I'm talking about nearly all of East Texas. Say you started in Houston and going on up through Paris, Texas. Most of the people who settled that were sorta plantation type people or farming type communities who came from Southern states. Largely from Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, and a great number from Tennessee. Now particularly, when you get up around Nacogdoches and north you will find {NW} a large number from Tennessee but there were a lot from Tennessee right here. Its, Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 Take # for example my own family. When you get into Central Texas, uh, or around Bastrop and, uh, Industry, and Hempstead and all of those places in there. {X} brother. A large number of Germans. Now these Germans started coming in the eighteen eighties and eighteen nineties and my husband's family were, his mother, was a good German. Her family came in the eighteen eighties from Germany. They settled near Floresville. Uh, in near San Antonio. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. What was # 863: #2 But there were # {B} excuse me. {B} And uh, they came from Germany. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 We # actually have his naturalization papers and things like this but most of these people who came in were Germans. They came in, through, uh, by sea through Galveston. And at Galveston Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: during those years they actually had a German newspaper. And they spread all up through Central Texas. They took the good, rolling, Black Hills and they made their farms. Now, they had a very, um, bad impression of the East Texans or the Anglo-Texans because they thought they were very sloppy. In the first place, they thought that slavery was very sloppy, having nothing to do with the morals, which they also disproved of. But, uh, and it was a very sloppy and you know you didn't make use of every inch of the land and you weren't thrifty and what have you, and the Germans were. Every inch of their land was planned, and they planned the rotation of their crops. And they planned so much for corn and so much for this and so much for vines and so much for so and so, and they were very thrifty, good citizens and looked down upon the, I would say pleasure-loving, leisurely, lazy type Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: other farmers as wasteful and uh, a few other things that they thought were unpleasant. In North Texas, you were going to have gotten mostly people who came back down from the Midwest. And some, even like Swedes and Norwegians and people that came down from Minnesota and in there. Interviewer: Where does 863: And they were the wheat farmers. North Texas would begin from Dallas and go on up through the panhandle. #1 And those are your wheat farmers. # Interviewer: #2 Would Paris be included or would that # 863: What? No, Paris is, is North from this side. Paris is Northeast Texas, it's, it's more of an East Texas type. Well, it's beginning to be a dividing line. When I said Paris I was really almost using that as a dividing line. But those were Midwesterners and they had a whole different outlook on life from either the Germans or the Eastern Texans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, the language is different, uh, my mother, I, I put an r on mother. She would say mother. {C: pronunciation - r is dropped} Like on the other hand, everything that ended in an A like my sister's name Aida. It was "Ai-der". Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: {X} Sometimes I found that the Bostonians do some of these same things but with a different accent. But, uh, the deep East Texas drawl is entirely different from what you hear of Lyndon Johnson in the, in West Texas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: His has got more of a white twang and a whine to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. When did your mother, uh, well she, I guess she moved down here when, after she got married. 863: When she married my father. Interviewer: So she was in her twenties or 863: Yes, about twenty one I think. Interviewer: When did Beaumont really start getting to be a big 863: Well, Beaumont has had two main times when it grew. It was a nice lazy little town but when they began doing a great deal of lumbering, oh, in the eighteen fifties and sixties and on up, the heyday of the lumbering was the eighteen seventies, and eighties and nineties. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, we had about, uh seven lumber mills here right along the river. And this was before railroads went in. You see by the eighteen eighties and nineties railroads were going up then you no longer Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 used # the river. And then they would build the sawmills closer to Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 the # um, source. So then all the sawmills grew up up in east Texas but before that there were about seven or eight sawmills right down here in Beaumont and the lumber was floated down. And uh, you had a big sawmill town but it was a town of perhaps around five thousand people Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: in nineteen hundred when Spindletop came in. Interviewer: What is Spindletop? 863: Alright, Spindletop, oh good heavens surely you know about Interviewer: I- 863: Spindletop. Interviewer: something to do with finding oil. I know that. 863: Alright, oil had been found in about eighteen fifty-seven I think in Titusville, Tenne-, eh Pennsylvania. And uh, this was all oil. It had been found in other places over the world but this was all oil that you pumped out of the ground in small quantity. And uh, they came down in the eighteen nineties and early nineteen hundreds trying to drill for oil around here. They had found a little up in Nacogdoches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And near {D: course Akenah}. But, again, this was oil that you pumped out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And in small quantities. When they pumped, when they drilled for oil in nineteen oh one here, it blew out in a tremendous gusher. Gushing hundreds of thousands of barrels. And it was just, in the first place it was a different geology from anything that had been accepted before. And uh, it was in quantities that had never been dreamed of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And the reason that mr Henry Ford and the other people could invent a cheap automobile and mass produce them was because there was fuel for them. There's no point in inventing something for which there's no fuel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Nobody is right now inventing a cheap car run on atomic fuel because we can't get it yet, but as soon as the government announces we now have a way of putting cheap fuel in a battery or something and you can run your cars on it you'll have 'em. So that this was really where oil, this is our catchword, where oil became an industry. Interviewer: So is Spindletop the name of the place or? 863: Spindletop was the name of the hill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It was called Spindletop Hill and um, it happened to come in on my grandfather's land. He was a very handy ancestor to have, uh, he and his two partners who were his, the husbands of his cousins. Uh, who had lived with him, on this, and they called it the Beaumont Pasture Company. And uh, they were running cattle on it and he used to take his, so they'd tell me, he used to take his dogs down there and dip 'em in those sulfur springs down there to get rid of the ticks and the fleas. And uh, so they brought in Spindletop and of course then they began bringing it out of other salt domes. This was the whole new geology for them and then of course Geology had developed tremendously since then. But it was where, we say, oil became an industry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Well, it was a phenomenon, you understand, it got wide publicity. Everyone from all over the world came. It was a marvelous story, my grandmother was a very beautiful woman and she loved jewelry and had a lot of it. In those days they used to wear what they called a stomacher which was a big piece of jewelry that went down upon a part of her where she was very prominent. And they would tell the story that she was dancing with this French count and he had a little Van Dyke beard and at the end he made her a glorious bow and got his beard tangled in her jewels and the dance had to stop while his secretary had to come out and untangle his beard from my grandmother's jewels. But it was a very exciting time and there were so many people here and uh, you know, people from all over the world were just piling in and there was no place for them to stay and people were sleeping in ships and there wasn't enough food to go around, there wasn't enough water to go around and there were the usual little diseases that follow crowded conditions without proper sanitation, and it was very exciting though and people, um, were making money and losing it overnight. Mostly making it at the time, and people were printing bogus land deals and, and bogus, uh, titles and stocks and all this other stuff. Interviewer: How long did, did that last? 863: Well, I would say that lasted a year or two, the main part of the boom, and then things probably got kind of settled down and then eventually, and they've pumped Spindletop for a good while and eventually it sort of petered out and by the early nineteen twenties it had pretty well settled down. And then in nineteen twenty-five, they found a new, uh, discovery you see they had just got one pool or one Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: particular sand or something in the first one. They found a, uh, little new geology they, I think its flank production. And uh, Interviewer: Here in Beaumont? 863: Oh, same field. It's still pumping today. But now they're also getting sulfur and brine out of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You see, it's a salt dome so they, they pump out the, the brine, and it's used in various, uh, chemical, all these chemical plants have to have brine. It's part of their {X} Then they're getting the sulfur out, I must take you to see the sulfur. It looks like a city of gold, it's just these tremendous huge blocks as big as the city block of gold. Of, you know, the sulfur. Interviewer: Is the um, petrochemical industry as 863: #1 This is # Interviewer: #2 big here as # 863: large, largest centers of petrochemical industry right here. Interviewer: Um, Lake Charles too is the boun- 863: Lake Charles, you see, Lake Charles and Baton Rouge are now outstripping us. At the time of the Second World War, we were told that we were probably the fifth most important target in the United States because of the petrochemical indu- industry here. And of course Houston, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: is uh, growing all the time along with Baytown and all of that area. And uh, but we, you see, we've had five large refineries here. There's a Texaco refinery and a Gulf refinery, and a Mobil refinery and Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 and a # couple of other small ones. And it's been a tremendous petrochemical industry here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And then we have DuPont Plant. We're getting a new steel plant, Georgetown Steel. Interviewer: Tell me some more about your, um, husband. How old is he, and 863: Uh, he's fifty-eight. And he's president of the bank. The bank, I want you to understand. Interviewer: {NW} 863: President of First Security National Bank here. Interviewer: Is that the largest bank here? 863: Yes it is. And he's also President of the Holding company, it's the Ten Bank Holding Company. Interviewer: Um, he's episcopal too I guess? 863: Yes. A convert; however, he was raised Methodist. Interviewer: And, I guess he has a college degree in 863: Yes, he got a college degree in business, B.B.A degree from the University of Texas. Interviewer: Is he as active as you are in an organization? 863: Yes, indeed. Very little of his time is his own. If he didn't enjoy doing it, it would be bad. Interviewer: What sort of things is he involved with? 863: Well, he's the, um, chairman, or the president of the Lucas Gusher Monument Association, which is trying to get the Spindletop Museum. There is a Spindletop Museum here, but it's just a beginning. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: We're using the old {X} Geological Building which has been given to us. But we wanna build, uh, a real good oil museum but also with a history section, a general museum out in conjunction with the college. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And he's been chairman of the All Saint's Episcopal School board, he's been the president of the Rotary Club. He's now had some positions with the banks, uh, he's, you know, banking thing, He's gonna be a district chairman I think, I guess he will. Let's see, oh I don't know, he's been, um, president of the Central Daycare Center. Interviewer: What's that? 863: He's been on, it was a, you know, a daycare center for children whose mothers work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, it's, you know, for those who, in lower economic class. He's been, um, on United Fields Board, and let's see, what else. Red Cross Board, I think. On the uh, no I was on the Red Cross Board. I believe he was on the Sabine Oaks Board. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Sabine Oaks is an old people's home. You know, that sort of thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: He's also been vestryman at the church and Interviewer: Where, he was born in Paris, um, 863: Texas. Interviewer: was his father born there? 863: No, I think his father was born in Arkansas. Interviewer: Do you know where in Arkansas? 863: Uh, near Prescott, Arkansas. Interviewer: And do you know about his ancestry, going back farther than that? 863: Well, yes we traced him back to North Carolina. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: His {B} they came from North Carolina to Arkansas. Interviewer: Where before North Carolina, what 863: Oh, we hadn't gone back any further than that. We've gone back two generations in Arkansas, I mean in uh, uh, North Carolina and one to a great-great-great-grandmother of his whose name was {B} and we haven't gone back Interviewer: {NW} 863: We have to make another trip. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Um, I'd like to get an idea of what the house that you grew up in looked like. Um, did, did you move around much? 863: No, lived in the same house from the time I was three months old and this is the only house I've lived in, uh, except that we lived in an apartment for one year after we were married and then Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 863: #2 moved into # this house. Interviewer: Could you sorta make a sketch of first the house that you remember as a child and just the floor plan, you know, with the names of the rooms or, um, and then the 863: Well now, it's been added on to since I lived there as a child. I mean while I was still Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: living there though. Yes, I could do that. Wanna turn that off? Interviewer: Well no, just 863: Cause it'll be a long vacant space. Let's see, hmm know whether I can do this or not. Not gonna come out quite right but we'll try it. This is not quite right. Interviewer: Does your mother still live there? 863: My mother and father both. The, the, I'm sorry I'm, I'm not getting these rooms quite Interviewer: #1 {X} # 863: #2 they're not in the quite # in the Okay. See, this room is too large, we'll just have to take out that area right there. And this room, you see is a little bit longer that that. This is the pantry along the garden. Mm-hmm. Now this room comes down to here. The kitchen is here and there's a breakfast room out here. Interviewer: See, call out the 863: Alright, you see, you enter here through this entry. The living room and the dining room, and there's a long butler's pantry here with an outside door and then the kitchen. And that's a breakfast room that's off of the thing. Now this, should stop here and this should be the break, the, the um, bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And this space between the dining room and the living room, is it just before the dining room 863: This should be part of the dining room, yes. And then, uh, this, there's a hall here, and this should all be living room I guess, we'll just have to put that in this living room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Then there's a den or a library here and there's a bedroom here, a bath here and a bedroom, bedroom there and a bath in the bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Now, when I was a child this was a sleeping porch as we called it. Everybody had a sleeping porch but it was glassed in and then this bedroom was added later and this breakfast room was added later. Interviewer: This bedroom that extends 863: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 out # 863: It was added when I was in, uh, college. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And then, so was the breakfast room. Now we had a garage that was out here and went out this way and that was taken out and this became a, my father had a workshop out there and there were servant's quarters on there and the garage now is over here and faces the street on that side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And this used up a quarter of a block. Interviewer: You, call this a sl-, said this, this bedroom back here was a sleep- 863: sleeping porch. Interviewer: What's the distinction between a 863: Well, a sleeping porch used to have a whole lotta beds and not anything else in it and you went out there to sleep. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And this was done a lot in the South, in the, especially in, you know, you used to just screen in a porch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And sometimes they weren't glassed in at all, they were only screened in, and you slept out there in the summers particularly. And this, you know, people had a lot of T-B, and this was considered particularly good for you, or to keep you from having T-B and what have you. And then down on the beach even, uh, everybody had a sleeping porch, and it was just, sometimes you just had awnings, and then later on they were all glassed in because the, 'course the storms would come in and everything would get wet. But you would have, uh, a long porch and just lines of beds on it and everybody slept Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: out on the sleeping porch. Interviewer: Just because it was more comfortable? 863: Well, yes I mean the breeze came right through the sleeping porch and everybody went out there and, uh, you slept on the sleeping porch. You came in and dressed in what were supposedly the bedrooms, you know, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: but there were usually not even any beds in the bedrooms. Uh, sometimes yes and sometimes no, depending on whether or not you used them, in the winter. We almost never used our beach houses in the winter. And uh, a lot of people do now. Interviewer: What beach would, would this be {X} 863: This would be down on the Bolivar Peninsula which is between here and Galveston. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about 863: We all had beach houses. Interviewer: This house here, can you make a 863: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 sketch of this. # 863: called an arm and cottage. Interviewer: This house is? 863: Yes, that was what they built. When you look at it There's this around here, this I think came out like this. And then there's another one that out right about there I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And then that one went out on the end. And it's brick, and there's a fireplace right here and this fireplace went up, way, you know, and then Interviewer: Like which 863: Now this, this would be where the living room and the entry were. The entry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It's out there, I may not be doing this exactly right and then that would be the dining room Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 So that you'd # looked at it, it was sort of, it had lots of gables. It could have been the house of seven gables I guess. I never counted them. Interviewer: What about this house here? Could you make a, a floor plan? 863: Yes, if you need it. Alright, that one might be easier to do. There's a playroom back here which you can't see and a porch. Interviewer: Do you ever hear any old-fashioned names for porch? 863: Oh, depends on who you're talking to. Uh, around my grandmother's house, which I will show you a picture of, it's on the National Registry, was called a veranda. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, a lot of people called it the porch. I never actually heard anyone call it a piazza or something like that but I had read Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 863: #2 the word # and I knew that they meant the same thing. That my aunt and my grandmother always meant by the veranda. Interviewer: Which grandmother was this? 863: Now, Interviewer: The 863: This was {B} grandmother. And uh, you understand that they had a front porch, I mean a back porch and a front veranda but they also called it porch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: #1 because # Interviewer: #2 It was just # 863: it depended on whether or not you had pretensions or not. You know, everybody, does this sort of thing. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word veranda nowadays, or does it sound old-fashioned to you? 863: Oh, I think it's quite old-fashioned. Interviewer: What about the term, gallery? 863: I almost never heard anyone refer to, what I would call a porch, as a gallery except for the upper stair, the upper porch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: of an old house, like an old Southern one. The gallery was the upper porch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: rather than, I mean than I'm sure this is not necessarily true everywhere else but if you went out on the gallery I always think of you as being on the upper porch. Interviewer: mm. 863: You went out on the porch, or the veranda in the bottom, but the gallery was, uh, like the upper porch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And I'm not sure wh-, where that came from. It was just what I always heard. You want the upstairs too? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Alright. And the first floor, in my terminology, was the ground floor, not like the British who refer to the first floor up above the ground floor as the first floor. Interviewer: Call out the different 863: Alright. Well, you can read those. Playroom. This is the porch. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 And it is a porch. # It's right on the side of the terrace. And the garage. Dining room, kitchen, breakfast room, living room, den or library. Interviewer: What about this? 863: That's the stairs, in the hall. Interviewer: Okay. 863: See when you. Stairs go up the front hall. mm. There are two dressing rooms back here and two baths. Why do you need ... this? Interviewer: Well just, the names of the rooms. Old-fashioned name somethings. 863: {D: Are you gonna go back and} viewed anyone else in this area? Interviewer: Not here. 863: Not in Beaumont? Has anyone else? Is anyone else doing this area? Interviewer: No. 863: Very curious why you need I, I, I will tell you why. We just had a robbery in this neighborhood this weekend. A major robbery. Interviewer: I think I heard something about that. 863: Mm-hmm. I, I'm really reluctant to give a whole floor plan of my house to Interviewer: Well, no it's, well thi- 863: As a matter of fact, my parents had a robbery not long ago. Interviewer: Well, okay things like some houses people would call a shotgun house 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you know, and they'd have um, okay someone's trying to describe somethings like a, a dog trot or a dog run 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um, as a, what some people would call a hall, you know, between two sections of the house? 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um, yeah just a 863: Yes, I heard both a dog trot and dog run, I've heard both used for a, mostly for an open porch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Not one that's been closed in, and we even use it for our house over at the French Trading Post, which is our museum here. It was built very much as a Southern home but it was built by people who came down from New York and Connecticut and so they enclosed it with doors, front and back. But of course they would have stood open during the summer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: So we still call it our dog trot, although it really isn't. It's a hall. Interviewer: Well that's the 863: #1 I mean this is the kind of a thing. # Interviewer: #2 the reason that # that the sketch thing is for, just 863: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 to # like, okay like the sleeping porch, um, 863: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you know just # to 863: to get down what Interviewer: #1 just to get an idea # 863: #2 the rooms are # Interviewer: you know 863: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 what it # it was exactly. I can see how 863: We called the, yeah well, all of a sudden I just, {NW} I just thought about this, you know where, {NW} we had just had, uh, both of this house and, and the one across the street have just been robbed in the last month, and all of a sudden, I, I, it isn't that I want to Interviewer: Well I can 863: You can see how all of a sudden I, I had this disquieting feeling. Interviewer: What, you called the, a butler's pantry 863: Pantry. Interviewer: What was that exactly? 863: Alright, uh, in my grandmother's house particularly, you have a pantry, it's not, it's a separate room from the kitchen. And usually, because in the old houses they had a great deal to store, they stored all of their china, and their, uh, crystal, and you know glasses, everything, in there. And the butler, and they had a butler, stayed in the pantry and he polished silver, he did a lot of those things. The cook cooked and the butler Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 took # care of the rest of this. And, um, 'course the cook helped wash dishes and the butler would dry and this sort of thing when they were having a lot of it, but the butler's pantry was also the pantry, in which, he would stop and, and fix trays and do things like this. Now, the cook, he wa-, he went into the kitchen, it was his job, this is just an old-fashioned thing, his job was to go into the kitchen and take the food Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 and then # get it to whoever it was to go to and whomever, if uh, it was to go upstairs for breakfast, you see all breakfasts Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: were taken upstairs, except for my grandfather who always ate downstairs, on trays. And each one of 'em had one of those flip-top tables in each room that, that um, usually sat in front of the fireplace in the summer but was somewhere else in the winter. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of, um, different kinds of kitchens or different names for kitchens or, say, a kitchen built separate from the rest of the house. 863: Yes, they had those quite frequently, um, in the South in the old days because of the danger of fire and also because of the heat in the summer. Oh, I think the danger of fire was the main thing Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 863: #2 and you had # no fire departments and no way to put them out so Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: your fires generally started in the kitchen so they often had a detached kitchen. Interviewer: #1 Was it, # 863: #2 and thats # what we Interviewer: #1 this called a # 863: #2 called it # Interviewer: kitchen or 863: Well, no, sometimes they would have two kitchens and that would be called a summer kitchen. Have you ever heard it called summer kitchen? Interviewer: The one that was separate? 863: The one that was separate would be Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh.. # 863: #2 called a # summer kitchen. Interviewer: Was that very common around here? 863: Uh, no, but I've heard it called that, and I've even heard the only kitchen referred to as the summer kitchen. Interviewer: A, a kitchen even if it was attached to the house, could sometimes be called a summer kitchen? 863: No, the summer kitchen was always, uh, either detached, or um, or, or semi-detached. It #1 would have been # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: separate enough from the, um, main building so that the heat would not go up in #1 to the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: main building. Interviewer: Um, talk about a fireplace, the thing that the smoke goes up through, would you 863: Chimney. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Chimney. Interviewer: And 863: Sometimes flue. Interviewer: The part, that's made of bricks that comes 863: Hearth. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Hearth. Interviewer: And the thing you set the wood on? 863: The grate, or the firedogs, or the fire iron. Interviewer: And, the thing up above there that you 863: That's the mantle. Interviewer: And 863: Sometimes mantelpiece. Interviewer: Which would you probably call it? 863: Mantle. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to start a fire, what kind of wood would you use to start it with? 863: Kindling. Interviewer: Is that, any special kind of wood, or? 863: No, kindling was usually just wood that was split very small so that it #1 would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: start. It could be sticks too and sometimes pine cones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, kindling was not necessarily wood, it was what you used to kindle a fire but usually it was very thin split little pieces of wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Because then they caught easily. Interviewer: What #1 about # 863: #2 And then you put the # bricks, then you put the larger Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 logs # on. Interviewer: What would you call a big piece of wood that you could set toward the back of the fireplace that might burn all night? 863: Just the log, I guess, but uh, they did always call it the, um, the backlog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the stuff that forms in the chimney? The black 863: Soot. Interviewer: And what you shovel out? 863: Ashes. Interviewer: And, talking about things you'd have in a room, um, the, that thing there would be called a 863: Just a chair, uh, possibly an armchair but mostly just a chair. Armchair, to me, is something a little bit more, uh, for instance, the chair in the next room that, that um, has a wonderful back to it, and what have Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 you. That # Chippendale armchair back there. Or those, loungers there would probably be called an armchair. Interviewer: What would you call this longer thing that we're sitting on? 863: I'd call it a sofa or a couch. Either one, interchange- Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 863: #2 -ably. # Interviewer: Any other names, old-fashioned names or anything? 863: Not that I would call it. Interviewer: And, what sort of things would people have in their bedroom to keep their clothes in? 863: Well, I have a closet, and I have, um, I've heard it called, bureau, we call it mostly just the chest. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 you know # chest of drawers. I've heard it called a bureau and they used to call it, a long time ago, a chiffonier, but I don't call it a chiffonier. I never have, I just remember its being called that. Interviewer: That just has drawers in it? 863: It just has drawers in it. And uh, we've never had an armoire in either one of, either my mother's or ours. But, uh, we do have them over at the French Trading Post and those. I've also heard these called a clothes-press Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: or an armoire. I think the armoire comes because of the French influence but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: but, uh, they also were called clothes-presses. Interviewer: They were something you could hang clothes in? 863: They were something, that you could hang clothes but some clothes-presses had, uh, shelves in them, and you could put your linens in them and your linens were not necessarily sheets and towels, they were a gentleman's linens Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: which meant shirts and things like that. That's an old-fashioned term, nobody refers to gentlemen's shirts anymore as his linens. Interviewer: What general name would you have for the different, um, chairs and things you'd have in your house? You'd call that all the? 863: Well, if you want to start in the dining room, you have an armchair and side chairs. Interviewer: Or just a, a general name for the 863: #1 You mean like this # Interviewer: #2 sofa # 863: furniture? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Furniture. Interviewer: And, something on, um, well, some of them roll as you're putting the window to pull down. 863: Shade. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Shade. A window shade. Interviewer: The, covering on the house is called a 863: Roof. Interviewer: And the things along the edge of the roof? To carry the water off? 863: Gutters. Interviewer: Is that built in or is it hung, or what? 863: Depends on the house. I have some that are built in around my, mine, in fact all of mine were built in but they were always full of leaves so I've had them covered and now my roof drips Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: so that I have a drip line, and it's much easier because the leaves, they all get in and gum it up. Interviewer: What do you mean, drip line? 863: Well, you see the, instead of being collected in the gutter and running off the side like it used to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, it just drips all around so that, you know, it just comes Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 863: #2 down in little # sheets as a drip line all the way around. That's, the drip line is the line, really, that you, h-, get on the ground. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It's not something that's on the roof. Interviewer: And, say if you have a house in an L, you know, the place where the roofs join, that low place would be called a? 863: Valley. Interviewer: And, say if you had a lot of old, worthless things like old broken furniture that wasn't any good. What might you call that? You say it wasn't 863: Junk, I guess. I, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: A junk? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: I don't know if it's worthless, it's just junk. {NW} Interviewer: And a room that could be used to store odds and ends in would be? 863: Storeroom. Interviewer: Do you 863: Possibly attic. #1 If it's # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: up on the third floor, you know? Interviewer: And, say a woman would say if her house is in a big mess, you'd say she had to do what to it? 863: Straighten it up? Interviewer: And the thing 863: Clean it? Interviewer: What, what you could sweep with would be a? 863: A broom. Interviewer: And say if the broom was in the corner, and the door was open, so the door sort of hiding the broom. You'd say the broom was? 863: Well I don't keep my broom in a corner, I don't know what I would call that. The broom would be hidden. Interviewer: Well, in relation to the door, it would be? 863: Behind the door. Interviewer: And, years ago, on Monday, women would get the dirty clothes together and then do the? 863: The washing. Interviewer: And on Tuesday, they'd do the? 863: Ironing. Interviewer: What would you call washing and ironing together? 863: Well, they're really still the washing and the ironing, now, I, we often say do the laundry and we have a little room out beyond which we call the laundry room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But the washing was what you did at home, the laundry was what you sent Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: when I was a child. Interviewer: What about, um, 863: Don't ask me why but that was the way it was. Interviewer: You may have, have seen or heard about a big glass thing they have in the yard to heat the water. 863: You mean one of those great big old wash pots? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Those big iron pots. Interviewer: #1 Any other # 863: #2 It's just a # big iron pot. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 863: Not that I've ever used. I wouldn't be surprised but, um, but they have some good Louisiana names for them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about, um, something you'd heat up water to make hot tea in? 863: Tea kettle. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the wash pot called the kettle? 863: No, except in the old saying like, uh, the pot calls the kettle black. And Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 obviously # that is the kind of. There used to be a small round kettle, as they would call it, that hung over a fire. It would have a, it wasn't something so, at least to me, it wasn't something that was big like a wash pot. Anything that was that big was a pot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And anything that sat on the fire, itself, was a pot. But something that hung could be called a kettle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But, you know, the kettle sometimes had a spout and sometimes didn't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But I've always thought that the pot calling the kettle black I believe, obviously meant two things, that were, uh, that were over the fire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Because the kind of kettles we have nowadays don't ever get black. Interviewer: What about something that people would fry eggs in nowadays? 863: Be a frying pan or a skillet. Interviewer: What's the difference? 863: None. Interviewer: And to get from the porch to the ground, you'd have some 863: Steps. Interviewer: And if the door was open, and you didn't want it to be, you'd ask somebody to 863: Close the door. You might say shut the door, but I really don't, I say Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 close. # Interviewer: And on some houses you have boards that lap over each other, you'd call that? 863: You're talking about the siding. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you wanted to hang up a picture, you'd take a nail and a 863: And a hammer. Interviewer: You'd say i took the hammer, and I what the nail in? 863: Drove the nail in. Interviewer: And if it didn't get far enough, you'd say it's got to be, what, in further? 863: Driven in further. Interviewer: And you'd say you have to, what the nail in? 863: Hit. Interviewer: Or 863: Tap if I don't want 'em to hit it very hard. Interviewer: Okay, or you'd say I get in my car and I, what, to town? 863: I drove to town. Interviewer: Or? 863: I would, if you want a nice one, I've never used this but my grandmother and my aunt always said when they were going downtown, and I say I'm going downtown. They say I'm going down the street. Interviewer: Meaning down? 863: Downtown. They meant they were going down to shop. I'm going down the street. They did not mean they were just going down the street in which they lived. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Although, when it started, they may have been doing that, they were living Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 863: #2 closer into # town. Interviewer: And, before they had bathrooms inside the, what did they call the toilets they had outside. 863: Outhouse. Or back house. We- I've always referred to it as an outhouse. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any 863: Or privy Interviewer: Which 863: Now privy, oh, well now, privy was what you said if you were, had pretensions. It's like Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Calling a veranda instead of a porch. Your plain folks you can went to the porch and the outhouse but #1 you were # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: a little bit more refined or- or at least had pretensions on t-, to being, to being refined, why then, you said you had a veranda and went to the privy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any crude or jokes 863: Oh, I've heard 'em called chick sales and things like that but I #1 never used # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: it myself, I've just heard other people call it that. Interviewer: And a building that could be used to store would in would be called a? 863: Wood shed. Interviewer: What about for tools? 863: Tool shed. Interviewer: And, on a farm, what different buildings would there be or what different animals, and where would they be kept? 863: Well, on our farm, which we had as part of our ranching, uh, activities, besides several barns, and a silo, there were also what we called sheds in which they kept various pieces of equipment. There was, a, smokehouse, there was a chicken house. There was a hog pen. There were outhouses. There was the, um, dormitory house, which really became the main house later because the people who worked for us, see, often slept there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And, um, Let's see what else they had, they had a butchering shed, we had uh, the sheds were used various things. Everything was called a shed, nearly, that wasn't exactly a barn. And there was one where they ground up cane and boiled it and made syrup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: There was, uh, where they butchered the hogs, uh, and they made sausage. Let's see what other buildings there were. Interviewer: What did they call the upper part of the barn, or did? 863: Hay loft. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Or the loft. Interviewer: And if you had too much hay to put in the loft, you could leave it outside in a? 863: Well, I don't think we ever did that. We didn't leave it outside in a haystack if that's what you're talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: They would have always been stored in one of the sheds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You see? Interviewer: Do you ever, um, hear a term for, well, the people {NS} Interviewer: A long time ago, to cut the hay they'd let it dry and then they'd rake it up in little piles and then they'd 863: Yes. Interviewer: They'd call those piles a 863: And they, there's a term for it, and I really just can't think of it right now. Interviewer: You ever hear of a shock or doodle or heap or cock of hay? Anything like that? 863: Well, of course a shock I've heard of but that's a corn shock. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: {NW} Interviewer: And, if you cut the hay off of a piece of land and enough grows back you can cut it again the same year, you'd call that the? 863: Second cutting. Interviewer: And, a building that could be used for storing corn would be a? 863: Corn crib. Interviewer: Was that part of the barn or separate? 863: Oh no, it was always a separate building. Well, it could have been. The corn crib could've been, you- for instance, uh, and I have seen it this way, where you have a barn with a whole lotta stalls in it #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 for # 863: the different horses, or what have you, and they would use one stall and call it the corn crib. Yes, I've seen it that way. We did have a corn crib and it was a different building; however, I'll tell you it was half of a building and one half of it was the corn crib and the other half you kept tools in. So it was a dual-purpose building. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a building used for storing grain? You'd call that the? 863: Well, you know, we don't store grain, uh, on the farm except that in which we're going to use to feed the, the cattle or the poultry. So, I, I #1 really don't know what we would've called that. # 863: #2 {NW} # Excuse me please. {X} Interviewer: Um, do you ever hear of a granary or a granary? {C: granary pronunciations differ} 863: Well, I've read the term but, uh, I don't think you'll find that's very commonly used down here. Now, we, what we have down here, the main grain we raise down here, is rice. And those you put in dryers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: So that even, uh, uh, um somebody's individual property, sometimes they will buy one of these metal buildings that they use to store the dry rice but they have to Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 dry it # first, otherwise, it'll spoil. Interviewer: They call the whole building-thing the dryer? 863: Dryer. Interviewer: And, the animals that you milk would be? 863: Cows. Interviewer: Where would they be kept? 863: They would probably be kept in the barn. Interviewer: What about a fenced-in place around the barn? Where the animals could walk around? 863: Well, the lot I guess, the cow lot. Um, for horses, of course, I've heard it called something different, so, there was always the barn lot. You see, that was Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: uh, right around the barn where you herded them into and then into the barn when you, uh, were going to milk them and then you let 'em back out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And you had a pasture, then, which was right, and there were different pastures, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: you know, they were all fenced in, and you would put 'em in one pasture and then another. But the barn lot or the cow lot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: It would really be called the barn lot. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a, sort of a makeshift, fenced in place out in the pasture where you could shut the cows up for milking? 863: I've heard of it, I don't think we ever used one. But, you know, they will have makeshift ones when they're, uh, rounding up cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Big cattle to ship to market or sometimes they have to make a temporary corral Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: out there to get cattle to inoculate them or do something else. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of something called the milk gap or a cow pen? 863: N- cow pen yes but milk gap no. Interviewer: What was a cow pen like? 863: Well the cow pen would've probably been that same barn lot that I talked #1 about # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: for us. Now, for other, other people it would've been different but I'm only talking about our practices Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: because they're the only ones I really know. Interviewer: And, if you had a lot of milk cows and a commercial place for them that had 863: Dairy. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the word dairy used to refer to anything else besides a commercial farm like that? 863: Yes. Sometimes people called, uh, the milk room, in an old fashioned house, the dairy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: They used to have, sometimes, either a room or a milk building, a milk shed, where they, uh, stored the milk and usually this would have, maybe, a well or something cool down in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, often, milk was kept down where you had your well but, uh, we used to have a milk room. My aunt still has one and it was the only brick part of the building, other than the foundations and the fireplaces. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And that was, kept it cooler. And the milk, uh, used to be put in big crocks and, uh, before you had refrigeration and allow it to stand and then the cream would form on the #1 top and then it would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: be skimmed and then it would be bottled and put in the refrigerator, or, what was then, called the icebox. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This 863: To me there's no difference between icebox and refrigerator now, but I know what it was then because Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: we had both. Interviewer: This milk room, it, at your family's house, was that built onto the house 863: Yes Interviewer: then? 863: it was. #1 And # Interviewer: #2 And # 863: uh, the milk was brought up from the farm each morning. #1 I haven't, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: I used to pasteurize my own right here, when my children were small. And this has been long time past the time when #1 other people # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: were getting milk but we had the farms and we had the cows and so they came in each day and brought milk and then vegetables and things like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, a place where people could, could store potatoes and turnips during the winter? They'd call that? 863: That would've been called a root cellar but we never had one. But I know, uh, that they had root cellars. Interviewer: And, say if you raise a lot of corn you'd say you raised a big? 863: Crop. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and you'd say cotton would grow out in a? 863: Field. Interviewer: What about something smaller than a field? 863: Well, not for cotton you're talking about? Interviewer: No, just 863: Something like your own garden plot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: That would be, or just the garden or the vegetable garden. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a patch? 863: Yes. After all that was what Peter Rabbit was in was Interviewer: {NW} 863: mr McGregor's garden, I think it was a patch wasn't it? Interviewer: Would D:{you} 863: But we didn't call it that. No, actually, patch used to be referred to as a cotton patch Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: sometimes too. But, uh, it wasn't a term that I ever used outside of hearing it in Uncle Remus or something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you wanted to break up the ground for planting you'd break it up with a? 863: Are you talking about the old times or now? Nowadays you'll disc it {NW} with a tractor but in the old days you would've probably broken it up with, um, spade or a shovel. Interviewer: Or something that would have horses? 863: Oh, a plow, yes. Interviewer: Do you ever hear different names for different kinds of old-fashioned plows? 863: Yes, they, they were shaped differently and were used for different things, for instance, there was a particular one that you used was called a root plow which would be one of the first ones you'd use in trying to plow up a new field and get the roots of the trees out of it. #1 That was # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: a root plow. And then they would, they would have different ones, now, I've never plowed and I really have only seen these not, uh, in general knowledge or my own knowledge but, uh, you know, from their use but in the museum. We #1 have some # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: in our French Trading Post Museum and one of the ones we have is a root plow. Interviewer: What about something that would break up the ground finer than a plow? Had little teeth in it? 863: harrow? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Were there different kinds of those? 863: Probably but I really wouldn't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a, um, tool called a, a lizard? 863: Yes but I don't know what it is or what it was. And only this because, uh, I have a list of tools. I got a little booklet on tools that people used and looked it over and then put it in the museum library. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you ran across lizard in that? 863: I think I ran across lizard in that. There were, there were a lot of those terms, I don't, I don't have that book here, it's in the museum. #1 {D:You're always acquiring} # Interviewer: #2 I'd be interested in # 863: books. I really would like to know what it was but, uh, I remember reading all these terms and I #1 know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: that that was one of them. But I have not the faintest idea of what it was because I really wasn't that interested. Interviewer: I'd like to see that book if, is, is that #1 at the museum? # 863: #2 It's at the museum, # uh-huh. Interviewer: Huh, so that's a 863: I think it was in that book. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I have quite a number of books on old terminology. I'll go look and see if I have some here in a minute. Interviewer: When you're, uh, growing cotton, you have to get out and 863: Go ahead. Interviewer: thin the cotton out with a hoe, what do you say you're doing to it? 863: Oh, there was a term besides thinning but I don't remember what it was. Interviewer: Do you ever hear chopped cotton or? 863: Yes. But chopping cotton, well, that was partly thinning, but also, chopping weeds. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: You see, chopping cotton was also chopping weeds. I think it, I think both Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: the term covered both. See if I don't have this dictionary, oh I believe it's upstairs. Interviewer: Um, what different kinds of grass would grow up in the cotton field? 863: Probably Johnson grass. Maybe Crab grass but we would've all called, called nearly anything that grew up in the cotton field a weed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Because it wasn't supposed to be there. Interviewer: And what different kinds of fences did people have around here, or would they have nowadays? 863: Well, nowadays, most everyone will have a cyclone fence or a hurricane fence and those are the same thing just chain link. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But um, you might also have a picked fence and of course a lot of people had, um, split-rail fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: in early Texas, before you had a barbwire, and bobbed-wire is what we call it instead of barbed wire. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: A bob wire fence. Interviewer: Say if you were going to set up a fence like that you'd have to dig holes for the? 863: You'd have a post hole digger. Interviewer: #1 And you dig # 863: #2 And you # put a post in it and then you'd string your wire. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: With a stretcher. Interviewer: And, talking about the posts, you'd talk about several, you'd have more than one, you'd have several? 863: Posts, yeah. Interviewer: And, this picked fence, was that nailed together or woven together? 863: No, it would have been nailed. Interviewer: And what would you call a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock? 863: Rock wall. Interviewer: And, when you have chickens, um, a place you could put the mother hen and the baby chicks? It's a little thing you could set them in? 863: Oh, um, but I don't remember what it was called other than the cage. You used to have, um, they used to have little wire cages that they put one mother in sometimes but most of them were just run #1 wild in the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: chicken yard. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a coop or a cook? 863: Oh yes. But uh, not from my own personal knowledge really. I know what a chicken coop is but uh, coops were used for more than just putting the mother and the young one in. We used to call it, it a coop. When you had a whole lot of chickens that were there for sale and, you know, they used to sit in a coop on the side of the store alive and you picked out your chicken and took it home. And you either wrung its neck or you chopped its head off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: And I never could wring one's neck. Interviewer: What would you call a, a hen on a nest of eggs? 863: Brooding hen. Brooding hen or broody hen #1 with a # Interviewer: #2 And, # 863: Y, you know. Interviewer: say if, um, well if you had a good set of dishes, your dishes would be made out of? 863: China. Interviewer: And an egg made out of that would be a? 863: China egg. Interviewer: And, when you're 863: Or a glass egg, you know, #1 I # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: think sometimes they called 'em glass but they were china. Interviewer: When you eat chicken, there's a bone like this 863: Wishbone. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Wishbone, also called a pulley bone. Interviewer: Which would you probably call it? 863: Well, I call it the wishbone. But I, we called it the pulley bone too because that's what you did, you know, children, there were four of us growing up, and we were always fighting for the wishbone, see who got to pull and get their wish. Interviewer: Which end would you wanna get? 863: Oh the long end, you get your wish. Interviewer: And, something you could carry water in would be a? 863: Pail, bucket. Interviewer: What's the difference between a bucket and a pail? 863: None, as far as I can tell. Interviewer: Which term would you be more likely to use? 863: I think I would use them interchangeably. Interviewer: And what you could carry 863: You know Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: But uh, I rather suspect that a pail, uh, the word would be used in connection with something that you, think of a milk pail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: So if you fetch the pail to get some milk, you know, but ordinarily what I pick up with a handle on it is a bucket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: 'Course the bucket was what went down in the well. Interviewer: And something you'd carry food to the hogs in would be a? 863: Probably the slop bucket. {NW} Interviewer: And, say if you cut some flowers and wanted to keep them in the house, you'd put them in a? 863: Vase. Interviewer: And, if you were setting the table next to each plate you would give everybody a? The eating utensils would be a? 863: Knife, and a fork, and a spoon. Or the silverware. Interviewer: Okay, and nowadays if you served steak and it wasn't very tender, you'd put out steak? 863: Knives. Interviewer: And, if the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to? 863: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: And after she washes the dishes? 863: She dries them. Interviewer: Or to get the suds off she? 863: Rinses 'em. Interviewer: And the cloth or rag you use when you're washing them? 863: Dish wa- dish rag really. Sometimes dishcloth but mostly dishrag. Interviewer: What about when you're drying them? 863: That's the dishcloth really. Interviewer: And to bathe your face with, you have a? 863: Washrag. Interviewer: And to dry yourself? 863: Towel. Interviewer: And, you mentioned, um, syrup the people used to make. Any other name for syrup or something similar? 863: We just called it syrup, a lot of people called it molasses but to me molasses is a particular kind of syrup. Just the #1 same # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: way that you can have corn syrup, and you can have cane syrup, and you can have maple syrup. But syrup was the term Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: for all that good sticky stuff except for honey which was different. Interviewer: Do you ever hear, um, syrup and molasses called long-sweetening and short-sweetening? 863: No. Interviewer: And, something that you, if you want {B} molasses, what would it come in? 863: Nowadays, of course, it comes in a jar mostly #1 but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: uh, we used to get ours up from the farm in a pail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know, a great big, round tin can so big, with a handle and we called it a #1 pail. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: That was a syrup pail. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression, a stand of molasses, or a stand of lard? 863: No, don't believe I have. Interviewer: And, if you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth, you'd pour it through a? 863: Funnel. Interviewer: And if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster, you'd hit 'em with a? 863: Probably a whip. Interviewer: And, nowadays to carry clothes out to hang them on the line, you'd carry them out in a? 863: Clothes basket. Interviewer: And, if the lamp wasn't burning, nowadays you'd screw in a new? 863: Bulb. Interviewer: What kind of bulb? 863: Light bulb. Interviewer: And, say if you were, um, a long time ago people would carry corn to the mill to be ground, what would they call the amount that they would take at one time? 863: I really don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression, a turn of corn? 863: No, I don't believe I have. Interviewer: And, if you went out and got as much wood as you could carry, you'd 863: Armload. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And on a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood, you'd say he had a? 863: Half load. #1 I guess, # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever hear # 863: I don't know. Interviewer: What about jag of wood? Do you ever hear that? 863: No, I've never heard that term. Interviewer: And if someone had a load of wood on his wagon and he was driving along, you'd say he was? What wood, he was? 863: Delivering? Interviewer: Okay, do you ever hear, um, hauling wood or drawing #1 wood? # 863: #2 Oh yes. # He hauls wood, he hauls water, you know, whenever you used to, to carry a load and Interviewer: {NW} 863: they used to say you hauled this, hauled that. Interviewer: Would you say that now, or does it ? 863: Well, it's so seldom done Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But yes, people used to haul a load of this or haul a load of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if there was a log across the road, you'd say I tied a chain around it and we? What it our of the road? 863: Pull or haul, I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Either one, or drag. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Drag, really. That's what you would have to do to a log, you'd drag it. Interviewer: Okay, so you'd say we tied a chain around it and we? 863: We, we dragged it out of the Interviewer: And you'd say we have, what many logs out of the road? We have? 863: I guess dragged. But, around here the average person who is doing it would say drug. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: I wouldn't say it but I would realize that they would. Interviewer: And, something that, um, flour used to come in, say if you bought one hundred pounds or so? 863: It used to be in a sack. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it was bigger? Something 863: Well, you could get it in a barrel #1 but I, # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: it's been a long time since I've seen anyone get flour in a barrel. Interviewer: The things that run around the barrel that hold the wood in place? 863: Staves or the, are you talking about the hoops? Interviewer: Okay, and something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in? 863: Keg. Interviewer: And, on a water barrel or a beer keg or something, the thing that you turn? 863: Spigot. Interviewer: What about out in your yard? What you turn? 863: Faucet. Interviewer: And at the sink? 863: Faucet. Interviewer: And, if you open a bottle and wanted to close it back up, you could stick in a? 863: You mean a, besides a top? A cork? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Mm-kay. Interviewer: What, would you still call it a cork, if it was made out of glass or plastic or something? 863: No, stopper. Interviewer: And, this is a musical instrument that people would? 863: Harmonica. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 863: Oh, I've heard it called a Jew's harp and a few other things. #1 But uh, # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: uh, oh yes some real good ones like uh, uh, Juice, no, yeah, juice harp and uh, something else, um, Interviewer: A juice harp and harmonica were the same? 863: For some people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And then uh, some people considered the Jew's harp to be where you had the string that you p- or that you pulled very tight, you know, and just played #1 all by your # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: self, I mean Interviewer: Which, would you make that distinction or? 863: Well, I never really called it either one, I've just heard it called that, I never would of called it any of 'em, I just would know what someone #1 was # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: talking about generally when they called it that. It's always been a harmonica to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if you had a wagon and two horses, the long wooden piece between the horses? 863: Oh, shaft. Interviewer: Okay, what about, do you ever hear of a tongue or pole or 863: Yes, I've heard of a tongue and it probably really oughta be called a tongue, I'm speaking from ignorance because I, I've heard all these terms but I #1 don't use # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: them ordinarily so I don't always summon them up very well. Interviewer: And with a buggy, you'd have 863: Traces and uh, {NW} buggy used to have two pieces that came down on each side, and it really wasn't called a tongue. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 I think # they were between the shafts is what you'd call those. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, on a wheel, the thing, on the wheels, the thing that runs across to connect two wheels? 863: The axle. Interviewer: Hmm? 863: Axle. Interviewer: And, on a wagon wheel, the inside would be the hub, then the spokes come out and they fit into the? 863: The rim? Interviewer: What's the rim made out of? 863: Well, they used to be made out of wood and then covered with an iron rim on the outside of that, Interviewer: Mm. 863: see? Interviewer: And, if you have a horse hitched to a wagon, there's a bar of wood that the trace is fastened onto? Would be the? Or? 863: I'm not sure {NW} I, I'll look it up in the wish book. No, I'm really not sure. Interviewer: It's um, 863: Oh, you're talking about the, um, Interviewer: No, no 863: The yoke. That goes over, that looks like a yoke. Interviewer: The traces hook onto this, sometimes they'd use it if they'd butcher hogs, they'd use this to hang the hogs up. 863: I've forgotten the name. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of singletree or 863: Yes, I've heard of a singletree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about when you have two horses? Each one would have a singletree and then you'd have? 863: I don't know, a doubletree, I, I really don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: I've heard these terms and when you call them out I will recognize #1 that I've # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: heard them and not even yet be able to tell you exactly what part #1 of the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: buggy. I've never had to hitch up a buggy. Interviewer: {NW} And, if you wanted to chop a log up, X shaped frame like this, you could set the long in? 863: Cradle. Interviewer: What w- what did that look like exactly? Did 863: Well, they used to have, there were two X's and they usually had one long piece that went together, hold 'em up. Hold them together, you know, themselves and then you could put the log across them inside to #1 chop it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: Really, I think they would be more often used for sawing than for chopping, with #1 chopping # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: could be on the ground. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about when, if, something that carpenters use if you wanted to just saw a board? An A shaped frame? You know? Something more like that? 863: Oh, you mean like horse, saw horses? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Mm-kay. Interviewer: And, you'd straighten your hair using a comb and a? 863: Brush. Interviewer: And if you were gonna use that, you'd say you were going to? 863: Brush your hair. Interviewer: And something you put in a pistol? 863: You mean a bullet? Interviewer: Or another? 863: Or a she- well a shell in a shotgun but a bullet in a pistol. Interviewer: What about in an ink pen? You know, you have a little cylinder of ink? You'd call that a? 863: Refill. Interviewer: #1 Or a? # 863: #2 {NW} # {NW} I really don't know, it, it would be just a cylinder of ink but I don't know that I'd call it that, its just a, uh, they call the, um, pens, the um, cartridge pens. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # And 863: I don't, when I put something, I know its a cartridge but, uh, and if your asking for a certain kind of a cartridge, you know, like the size or what was in it, I might speak of it that way but most of the time I would probably say bullet Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: or shell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Depending on which kind of gun I was loading. A twenty-two I'd put a bullet into. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Maybe a cartridge. {NW} But uh, and then a shotgun I'd put a shell in- #1 -to, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: you see. Interviewer: #1 And # 863: #2 That's # common usage. Interviewer: Something that you'd sharpen a straight razor on would be a called a mother? 863: Strap. Interviewer: And a small knife would be sharpened on a? 863: Probably on a, on a, uh, little um, stone, you know, a whetstone. Interviewer: What about a bigger tool like an axe? The thing that would turn around you know? 863: Um, alright I know perfectly well what it is cause we've had one. The grinders. The scissor grinders use 'em and I can't think. You want to tell me the word? Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called the grind rock or grindstone? 863: Grindstone. Interviewer: Hmm? 863: Grindstone. Interviewer: And something that children play on, you could take a board and fix over a tr- 863: Seesaw. Interviewer: And if you saw some children playing on that, you'd say they were? 863: Playing on the seesaw or seesawing. Interviewer: And do you ever hear taking a board and fixing it down at both ends, and children would jump up and down in the middle? Kind of like a trampoline? 863: Yes, but I don't know that I've ever heard of a particular name for it unless it'd be a springboard but springboard mostly is only at one end. #1 And you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 863: can, its like a diving board. Interviewer: What about joggling board? Do you ever #1 hear that? # 863: #2 I've never # heard it. Interviewer: And, you could take a board and anchor it down in the middle and then spin around and around? You'd call that a? 863: Merry-go-round, perhaps? Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 863: #2 I # really don't know. Interviewer: #1 Any special names for? # 863: #2 I don't know that # I would ever know what I'd call a one board like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It'd be very like a merry-go-round. Interviewer: And, you could tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a? 863: Swing. Interviewer: And something you could carry coal in? 863: Shuttle. Interviewer: Okay. What did that look like? 863: Well, it was a, usually the ones I think of is a coal bucket or a shuttle where, um, where metal and, and had sort of a spout Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: effect on one side. Interviewer: And 863: And they had a handle and you could dump the coal out. Interviewer: The, on an old-fashioned stove, the thing that runs from the stove to the chimney? 863: That would be the flue. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Or the stovepipe. Interviewer: Is there a difference? 863: The flue, I think, was actually the, the chimney that went out, or the part that went out through the wall and outside but, uh, the stovepipe was, I really think the, your difference was very slight or, or a matter of, of evolution. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, if you wanted to move bricks or something heavy, you could move it in a? 863: Wheelbarrow? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, the thing people drive nowadays, you'd call a? 863: You mean a car? Interviewer: Any other names? 863: Automobile. Interviewer: And, if something was squeaking, to lubricate it you'd say you had to? 863: Well, I think that that would be to oil or grease depending on what it was. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and you'd say yesterday he, what, his car? 863: Had his car greased. Interviewer: Or yesterday he? 863: Greased the car but Interviewer: And if grease got all over your hands? 863: You would be greasy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, something, uh, inside the tire of the car, you have the inner? 863: Inner tube. Interviewer: And, what did people used to burn in lamps? 863: Oil, kerosene. Interviewer: And, do you ever, um, see anyone make a lamp, using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? 863: No. I don't think I've ever seen anyone make a lamp but I presume it could be done. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of one called a flambeau? 863: No, a flambeau is a torch as #1 far as I'm # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: concerned. One that would be made, in, uh, New Orleans during, uh, Mardi Gras, they always use a flambeau but this is a torch on a long stick and its made with rags and kerosene and it #1 burns # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: while they run down but, uh, wasn't a bottle. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear, um, anything called a flambeau, around Beaumont? Did 863: No. Interviewer: And 863: I'm too late in time. Interviewer: {NW} 863: You'll have to get one of the older people to tell you that. Interviewer: Say if you had just built a boat, and you were going to put it in the water, you'd say you were going to? 863: Launch it, probably. Interviewer: What different kinds of boats did people used to have? Say to go fishing or? 863: Well, beside a rowboat Interviewer: {NW} 863: or a canoe or a skiff, uh, in this part of the country you might have had a pirogue. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Which, of course, is, is strictly a cajun term, it really isn't our term, I, I've always heard, heard it though because I lived in this part of the country. But most of the time I'd say rowboat or skiff or, uh, I have heard motorboat. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 You know # when you put a motorboat on it then you'd always call it the outdoor motorboat or, what have you. Then of course, there are the larger boats. #1 Wanna # Interviewer: #2 Would a # 863: go into larger boats? Interviewer: How would a pirogue be different from a canoe? 863: Originally, I think a pirogue is supposed to be a hollowed-out log. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But, any fishing boat that I would call a skiff or a rowboat they would probably call a pirogue now. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 A # pirogue, actually, is supposed to be sort of a long and, and, uh, narrow Interviewer: What would #1 be the difference? # 863: #2 rounded-bottom boat. # Interviewer: Uh, long and narrow what? 863: Sorta rounded-bottom boat but Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: they call, it, the terminology has evolved along Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: with what they are able to afford nowadays. I think they call any boat a pirogue or a bateau sometime. Interviewer: What's the difference between a skiff and a rowboat? 863: As far as I'm concerned, probably, not any. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And #1 say # 863: #2 I # would use them interchangeably, there's #1 probably a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: difference but I would use them interchangeably. Interviewer: If a child is just learning to dress himself, the mother brings him the clothes and tells him, here? 863: Get dressed. Interviewer: Or here, what? 863: Dress yourself. Interviewer: Your clothes, here? 863: Put on your clothes. Interviewer: Would you say here is your clothes or here are your #1 clothes? # 863: #2 Here are # your clothes. Interviewer: Huh? 863: I would say are. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: But then, I've been through schools and was raised that way anyway. Interviewer: And, say if a child was going to a dentist and he was scared, the dentist would say, well you don't need to be scared I 863: I won't hurt you? Interviewer: Do you ever use the word ain't? 863: Oh yes. All the time, knowing each time I used it, it was incorrect. Interviewer: How, give me some examples of how you'd use it. 863: Oh, in joking or playing, you know. That ain't so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I mean, you know, its casual and joking and funny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: And I, and I realized of course that at least fifty percent of my other local citizens, we use it without realizing necessarily that it was incorrect. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: It's quite widely used down here. Interviewer: And, 863: So much so as I think that it is now being accepted in some of the slang dictionaries as imperfectly proper. Interviewer: Say if, um, I ask you, was that you I saw in town yesterday, you might say no it? 863: No, it wasn't. {NW} Interviewer: No, it wasn't. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What? 863: Was not I but I'd probably say no it wasn't me. {NW} Interviewer: And, if #1 a woman # 863: #2 You know, # knowing that it's #1 wrong again # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: but, not worrying #1 about it. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, well, # I'm just interested, you know, in what, what you would probably say, you know? 863: I'd probably say no it wasn't me. {NW} Interviewer: And, if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a? 863: Sample. Interviewer: And if she sees a dress she likes a lot, she'd say the dress was very? 863: If I saw a dress I'd like I'd say, oh I like that dress. Interviewer: Or 863: Or it, I could say it was attractive or it was, uh, something I wanted, I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: I don't know what you're looking for really. Interviewer: And, something a woman could wear over her dress in the kitchen? 863: An apron. Or a smock? My mother-in-law always wore a smock. And it wasn't an apron, it really was a smock. Interviewer: Like an artist's smock? 863: Mm-hmm. She made them herself by the dozens and she always had one on all the time. Because it had long sleeves and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: As she got older, she was always cold. Interviewer: To s- 863: But I would use an apron. Interviewer: Uh-huh. To sign you name in ink you'd use a? 863: Pen. Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place? 863: Use a pin. But there's a, there is a difference in pronunciation but no one down here would ever make it. It would be a pen and a pin but down here it'd be just a pin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Soup that you buy comes in a can made out of? 863: Tin. Interviewer: And a dime is worth? 863: Ten cents. See you say almost the same thing. There should be a difference in the, in the "E" but, but down here you won't ever get it. Everybody will pronounce the "e" and the "i" exactly alike. Interviewer: Uh-huh, they just call 'em 863: And I know it's different but I don't bother. Interviewer: Uh-huh, and what would a man wear to church on Sunday. 863: A suit. Interviewer: If he just bought it, it'd be a brand? 863: New suit. Interviewer: What were the pieces of a three piece suit? 863: The shirt, I mean, the coat and the, or jacket. But really, coat was always what we called it, and the vest and the pants. Interviewer: {NW} Any other names of 863: Sometime trousers. #1 but uh, # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: pants mostly down here. Interviewer: What about something a farmer would wear? It'd come up? 863: Overalls. Interviewer: #1 And # 863: #2 Or # coveralls but overalls, mostly down here. Interviewer: And, if you went outside without your coat, and you were cold and you wanted it, you'd tell someone, would you run inside and what me my coat? 863: Bring me my coat or hand me my coat. Mostly bring me my coat. Interviewer: So you'd say so he went inside and he? 863: Brought me my coat. Interviewer: And he'd say here I have? 863: Brought you your coat. I wouldn't have said brung. {NW} Though, I would have heard it. {NW} Interviewer: You'd say, um, that coat won't fit this year but last year it? 863: It did fit, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Last year it what? 863: Or it fitted me. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them? 863: Bulge. Interviewer: And, you'd say that shirt used to fit me but then I washed it and it? 863: Shrunk. Interviewer: And every shirt I've washed has? 863: Shrunk. Interviewer: And I hope this year it doesn't? 863: Shrink. Interviewer: And, if a woman likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to? 863: Dress up. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 863: Yes. Interviewer: What about if she likes to stand in front of the mirror and? 863: Primp. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 863: No. Interviewer: What would you say about a 863: I'd say he was egotistical. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other? 863: Vain, perhaps, you know. No, a man doesn't primp. I think that's strictly a ladies' word. Interviewer: {NW} What would you call a, a, a man who's vain? Do you ever hear of any special? 863: Oh yes. They, they'd, um, call him a Beau Brummell perhaps, although that's quite an old term now. Uh, Interviewer: Where did that, I've heard that, that sounds vaguely familiar but? 863: Oh, Beau Brummell was a great, uh, fop, I guess you would call it, and uh, his uh, in the time of one of the King Charles' #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: and uh, he was a court favorite and he also was a very, um, meticulous about his clothes and liked to start new fashions #1 and, and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: particularly, the ruffles and all this sort of thing so that someone who is what, around here would be called a natty dresser Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: would also be called a Beau Brummell. Interviewer: What about the term jellybean? Do you ever hear that? 863: Only in relation to candy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Well, yes, and a jellybean and a cream puff and some of those would be the same thing but those would be someone who, uh, was soft in the center, you know, didn't have a lot of character or a lot of backbone. That would be what a jellybean would be to me. Just Interviewer: And it'd be derogatory? 863: Yes, it would. Interviewer: Something that, um, people used to carry there coins in would be a? 863: Used to carry them in? Interviewer: Yeah, little coin 863: A coin purse. Interviewer: And, something a women could wear around her neck with things strung up together? 863: Beads. Interviewer: You'd call that a? 863: Or a necklace. Interviewer: Or a what of beads? 863: String of beads. Interviewer: And something you'd wear around around your wrist? 863: Bracelet. Interviewer: And, something men used to wear to hold their pants up? 863: Suspenders. Interviewer: Any old-fashioned names? For that? 863: Oh, I know I've heard some, but uh, I never used 'em but I, I guess because I know so few people that wear suspenders. I think the only time my husband ever wears them is with his evening clothes, you know they have some that come with the, #1 the uh, # Interviewer: #2 They still # 863: tux pants. Yes, they still wear suspenders with tux pants. That's the only time he wears them. Interviewer: {NW} Um, what you hold over you when it rains? 863: Umbrella. Interviewer: And, the last thing you put on a bed, the 863: Bedspread. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any, um, things that people used to make to, similar to a bedspread? 863: Like a coverlet? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was a coverlet exactly? 863: A coverlet was generally woven. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And of course if it was quilted then it was called a quilt but it might also be called a coverlet if it were used on top, you know, in other words, if the, instead of just as, as something like a blanket to keep you warmer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But uh, a spread, might be woven but uh, I really think maybe it's perhaps a more modern term but I always call everything a bedspread. Now, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: when I go over to the French Trading Post or a nice eighteen forty-five museum, I talk about the coverlet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Because it's an old-fashioned word and it goes with those nice old double woven coverlets that they have there. Interviewer: At the head of the bed, you put your head on a? 863: Pillow. Interviewer: Do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow? 863: No. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a bolster? 863: Oh yes. And bolsters might even be one very long one or they might be rolled up. #1 Mostly, # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 863: I think of 'em in terms of rolled up, you know, very tight, long, round thing and the bolster is behind. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Or might be put on instead of pillows #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: some are made so that they're an open case that you can stuff the pillows in and they make one long, round bolster. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You say, the bolster didn't go part way across the bed, it went? 863: No it went all the way across. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say clean across or plumb across, or? 863: Oh yes. That's a good, go clean across town or go, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: alright, he threw it plumb across the river or street or something but I don't believe I'd have used it but yes I've heard it #1 many times. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 And # 863: #2 It's really in # common usage. Interviewer: Say if you had a lot of company and didn't have enough beds for everyone, for the children to sleep on, you could make a? 863: In the old days, they would have made pallets. Nowadays we get, you know, a roll-away, something, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: or we borrow one. {NW} But they would have made pallets on the floor and a pallet, uh, sometimes, they had a roll-away bed in the old days, you know, that came out from under the bed but the pallet would be, generally, made up of something like quilts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, you'd say, we expect a big crop in that field because the soil is very? 863: Rich? Interviewer: Or? 863: Or fertile. Interviewer: What different kinds of land are there around here? 863: Well, you have the swamp land that, uh, lot of which has been drained and turned into production of rice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And then you have, uh, you know we have a lot of different kinds of soils in this part of the country and just north of here, you're going to get into a hilly and sandier country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And then south of here, you're going to get into real swamps. And uh, then you're going to have your forest land, and then you have what's good pasture land. In fact, even the Spaniards, when they gave the grants, would say it had so many, uh, they really didn't call it acres, but uh, varas, and what have you. of uh, of uh, woodland, and so many of arable ground and so many of swamp ground and so, we have what we call prairies here and that's largely your cattle area. Some of which has now been turned into rice farming and then, then you'll have, really, farmland. Interviewer: What would you 863: Black land. Interviewer: What would you call land that's um, used just for raising hay? 863: Just for raising hay? Probably just pasture land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear that called a meadow? 863: Oh yes. Oh yes. Interviewer: What would be the difference between a meadow and a prairie? 863: Well, a prairie is a little bit different from the meadow I think. Uh, I think of a meadow as being something that has been put under production by the efforts of man. The prairie just grows there and always has. The prairie is more natural grasses and perhaps, no, no work has been done #1 on # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: most of the prairie. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, the land next to a river or stream? Kind of low? {X} 863: Bottom land. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and, a sort of a swampy area next to the sea with saltwater? 863: We call this a sea rim marsh down here. Interviewer: You call it a what? 863: Sea rim marsh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: We call it the marsh. Interviewer: And, if you were draining a swamp, what would you call the things that you dig to drain the water off? 863: Ditches? Canals? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Whats the diff-? 863: Depending on the size? {NW} Interviewer: Which is bigger? 863: The canal would be larger and probably, uh, done by machinery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, Nowadays. They would've been done done but a ditch could be very small. You could have a pretty good sized ditch 863: #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # What if you, had a heavy rain and the water came out a little? 863: You mean erosion? Like a gully? Interviewer: Uh-huh. How big would a gully be? 863: Well you can have some pretty good size gullies. Interviewer: What if, what would you call it if it's real big and got maybe a little stream at the bottom? 863: Something that's been made for a long, long time? You mean like out in West Texas? You won't get those down here. You won't get any canyons, we're too flat but you'll have a canyon out there. Spanish word for it, arroyo. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, what different, um, names of different kinds of soil, would you get around here? 863: Well, we get, uh, we have clay, we have sand, we have what's called black gumbo out here. Interviewer: What's that like? 863: Uh, it's just a heavy black soil that, uh, when it's dry it gets very, very hard and cracks open and when it's wet swells up a lot. Interviewer: Is it good for, is it fertile or? 863: {NW} It's good for things that like heavy black gumbo. Interviewer: {NW} 863: It's not good for things like root crops. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Uh, it's, no I don't think it's terribly fertile. Interviewer: Is it good for cotton? or? 863: No, I think the cotton's a little bit better a little bit further, farther north where there's more sand. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of a kind of a soil called loam or loom? 863: Well, loam yes, is any good soil. Loam is, uh, is really what I would call the same thing as topsoil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, a small rise in land would be a? 863: Hill. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other names? 863: Not around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. To open the door, you'd take hold of the door? 863: Knob. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word knob in reference to land? 863: No. Interviewer: And, something with a whole 863: We really don't have, I'll tell you the reason for that is I, I know that there are knobs, and what have you, elsewhere but you realize how flat this is. And I'm talking to you, really, about my local experience I, I, for instance when I say arroyo, I'm really talking more in terms of West Texas and #1 canyons # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: because we don't have any canyons here. {NW} This is too flat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Something, a whole lot bigger than a hill, which 863: You mean, as a mountain? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp? 863: Probably the cliff. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Talking about several of those, your talking about several? 863: Well, of course, there are a lot of other terms but Interviewer: Or the #1 plural # 863: #2 again # these are not anything that we use, uh, locally so much, you just know them because you read them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But you might have an escarpment or something like that. Interviewer: Or just the plural of that. 863: Cliffs. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, up in the mountains, um, where the road goes across in a low place, not the valley, and you still 863: Call a pass. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, gunfighters on television, for every man that they've killed, they'd cut a little? 863: Notch. Interviewer: And, if you had some water flowing along you'd call that a little? 863: Well, here you might call it, uh, a creek, you might call it a bayou. Interviewer: {NW} What's the difference? 863: Bayou is a term that comes from Louisiana but, for instance, we have a fairly nice sized river Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: down here which we call Taylor's Bayou. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And, this little trickle of water that goes back behind my house is called Hillebrandt's Bayou. Anywhere else in the country it'd be called a creek. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about, um, say if you had some water that's flowing along and it dropped off? 863: Waterfall. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Waterfall. Interviewer: And a place where boats stop and freight's unloaded? 863: Uh, you mean, like a port or a wharf, or something like this? Interviewer: What's the difference? 863: Well a port is, is, a city perhaps, or a town or a, or a stop along the way. Uh, riverboat landing or something, depending on the size of it, and, of course, a wharf would be the actual wooden structure or, perhaps nowadays, a cement structure. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What are some names 863: Wharf or a dock, you see, would be about the same thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Wharf, probably, uh, having a building attached to it, maybe. Interviewer: #1 What are the # 863: #2 Not necessarily. # Interviewer: names of some of the, um, creeks and rivers and things, or bayous around here? 863: Well, the Neches River is the large river that flows through Beaumont, it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: uh, goes into Sabine Lake and the Sabine River also comes down there. You have Village Creek, which is north of here, uh, you have, uh, Pine Allen Bayou, which is the same thing as Village Creek and only a little bit south. I mean it's not the same body of water, you understand, but there's no difference as far as looking at 'em between one and the other but one is called Pine Allen Bayou and the other one is called Village Creek. Then we have Taylor's Bayou and Hillebrandt's Bayou and those are your main bayous that come into this part of the country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Course, if you want to go in a little farther, you have the Trinity River over at Liberty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} And, what different kinds of roads are there around here? 863: Nowadays? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Beside interstate highways and, and US highways and state highways and county roads, farm-to-market roads, streets. Interviewer: What would they be made out of? What? 863: They're nearly all, no, they're not nearly all either. Some of 'em of course are cement or #1 concrete # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: and others are just asphalt or various kinds of mixes that they use now. Some are shale. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Still, not very many. Interviewer: What do you call the, um, the rocks they put on roads? 863: Gravel. Interviewer: And, if you don't even have gravel on the road it'd be just a? 863: Probably shale. Interviewer: Or if you didn't have anything on it? 863: Be dirt road. Interviewer: And a little road that goes off the main road would be a? 863: It'd still be a road here. We don't really call them lanes or anything like that. It's just a road. Everything's a road. Interviewer: What do you think of a lane as? 863: A country lane, I think, is just a country road. But it's just not a term we use in this part of the country much. Interviewer: When you think of a lane, do, you think of something that's got trees or a fence on both sides or it could just be out in the open? 863: Probably. Probably has trees and fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And a road that goes up to a person's house would be a? 863: Still be the road. Could be a driveway but out in the country, you don't call it a driveway you just call it the road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, something along the side of the street for people to walk on. 863: Sidewalk. Interviewer: And, there's a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you ever hear a name for that? 863: Mm-mm. No, just grass. Interviewer: And say if you were walking along the road and an animal jumped out and scared you, you'd say I picked up a? Something hard, I picked up a? 863: Rock and threw it at him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else you'd say besides threw it at him? 863: Uh, I'd probably say I ran. Interviewer: {NW} And, if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered, you'd say? 863: Nobody's home. Interviewer: And, if someone's walking in your direction, you'd say he's coming straight? 863: Toward me. Interviewer: And if you went into town and happened to see someone you hadn't counted on seeing, you'd say you happen to run? 863: Into so and so. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, if a child is given the same name that her aunt has, you'd say they named the child? 863: After her aunt. Interviewer: And, 863: Possibly for her but after #1 is, # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: is more commonly used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I think that's what I would say first. We named her after Aunt Amy or something like this. Interviewer: And, something that people drink for breakfast? 863: Coffee? Interviewer: And if you wanted some coffee and there wasn't any ready, you'd say, well I guess I have to go? 863: Make a cup of coffee. Interviewer: And tell me about putting milk in your coffee. You'd say some people like it? 863: With sugar and cream or with milk. Some like it without. They, I've heard it now called, light coffee, white coffee, all kinds of things but I've never used that. This is something that if you're gonna offer it, if you're gonna get it out of one of those little machines, those vending machines now, you want coffee light, if you want it with #1 milk # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: but this is not a term I ever heard before I ran into the vending machine. Interviewer: What would you call it if you didn't put milk or 863: Black. Interviewer: Any other names? 863: No, just black. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression, drinking coffee barefooted? 863: No. I haven't. Interviewer: And, talking about distance, you'd say well I don't know exactly how far it is but it's just a? 863: It's just a little ways. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Mm-kay. Interviewer: And if you had been traveling and still had about five hundred miles to go, you'd say you still have a? 863: A long way to go. Interviewer: And if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place, you'd say you would find that just about? 863: Anywhere. Interviewer: And if someone slipped and fell this way? 863: Backwards. Interviewer: And this way? 863: Forwards. Interviewer: And, say if you've been fishing and I asked you, did you catch any, you might say no? 863: Didn't catch a thing. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or no what a one? 863: Or a single one. Interviewer: Do you ever say nary a one? 863: No. Interviewer: Do you ever hear that, or? 863: Oh yes. But I, I almost consider it, uh, {NW} an affectation in this part. I, I, I would say it is a joke or something like that, nary a one, but this, again would be, um, not anything that I would say ordinarily. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And I really don't think most people down here would say nary. Though, they would've heard it. I, I suspect that that's more a colloquialism, perhaps in your old Elizabethan parts of the country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You been through Tennessee? Interviewer: Not, too much in the mountains, mm-mm. 863: That's where you get some of your speech that's not very far from Elizabethan. Interviewer: And, say if you were plowing, um, the trenches that are cut by the plow? 863: Furrows. Interviewer: And, do you ever, if you're plowing with two horses, do you ever hear a special name for the one that walks in the furrow? 863: No, I've never plowed. Interviewer: {NW} And, when you're driving horses, you guide 'em with the? 863: With reins. Interviewer: And when you're riding on it? 863: Still reins. Interviewer: And your feet are in the? 863: Stirrups. Oh. Interviewer: And, {NW} say if, um, before you can hitch a horse to a buggy or wagon, you have to? 863: You have to catch him. {NW} Interviewer: Then you have to? 863: Then you have to, uh, bridle him, or you have to, um, oh what would I want to say. Anyway, you'd have to hitch him up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: That what you were after? Interviewer: The, the gear that you put on him, you call that the? If you are gonna hitch him to a wagon or something, you put the? 863: In harness. {NW} #1 You'd have # Interviewer: #2 And, # 863: to harness him, yeah. Interviewer: If you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land, you'd say you? 863: Cleared it. Interviewer: And, wheat is tied up into a? 863: Oh, we don't grow wheat down here but it's in sheaves, I think. Interviewer: And then they're piled up into a? 863: Wind rows maybe before, actually, they're not done that way anymore, you know, they're harvested with a combine. {NW} So if you are doing something that's out of my area and before my time. Interviewer: {NW} What about fodder? That'd be tied into a? 863: Well, fodder is some of what's left over that you use for the cattle to eat #1 and the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: horses. And that would be, uh, fodder can be made up of different things, it could be part of the refuse or what's left over from the sugar cane or it can be part of what's left over straw or, or rice or any #1 of this # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: sort of thing. Any thing they'll eat. Interviewer: How would they, they'd tie it up into a? 863: Well you bale hay, but I'm not sure, you know, solid silage, I guess would be considered fodder too and #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: not baled or tied up in any way. It's put in a silo. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Talking about how much wheat would be raised to an acre. You might say we raised forty? 863: We don't raise wheat #1 down # Interviewer: #2 Well, # 863: here but uh, but I think they did in bushels. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, what do you have to do with the oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 863: You mean back, like in battle times? {NW} Thresh Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: the wheat from the Interviewer: Say if there was something that we had to do today? 863: Winnowing {X} Winnowing is the part that you, but that's strictly coming out of the Bible, I don't do this, and nobody else does either because nowadays you harvest it with that combine. #1 {NW] # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # If there's something that we had to do today, just the two of us, you could say will have to do it or you could say? 863: Mm-hmm. We'll have to do so and so, yeah. Interviewer: Or if you didn't use the word we, you could say you and? 863: You and I will have to do it. I probably would not say you and me would have to do something. I would say, uh, I would use me incorrectly sometimes at the end of the sentence, you know like, uh, like I used it a little while ago but I would not use it as the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: subject pronoun if, if you and me are going to town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: That way, I would say you and I are going to town but {NW} I know that a large number of people here #1 would # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 863: say you and me are going to town or let's you and me do so and so. Interviewer: What if you were talking #1 about # 863: #2 I # probably wouldn't do it. Interviewer: a man and your {NS} say husband and yourself are doing something, you'd say? 863: Still say we. Interviewer: Or if you didn't say we? 863: My husband and I, Will and I. Interviewer: Or if you don't call his name, would you say he and I or me and him or what? 863: {NW} I would say he and I but I don't think I would actually say he and I are going to town. I'd say Will and I are going to town or we, or we're going to town or something like #1 that but # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: but I don't say he and I are going to town. I'd, that's awkward. Interviewer: And, you'd say, um, he don't want just you or just me for this job he wants 863: He wants us or both of us. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you knock at the door and they recognize your voice they, they ask who's there and you know they'll recognize your voice, you'd say? 863: I'd probably say it's just me. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: {NW} Interviewer: And 863: Even though I know I should say it is I. {D: For you my mother) Interviewer: {NW} 863: and every English teacher I ever had. Interviewer: Say there's a man at the door and I ask you, is that John at the door? You would say, yeah that was? 863: That was John or I would probably say that, I don't think I would say that was him. {NW} I think I'd probably just say, yeah that was John or Interviewer: Uh-huh. It'd be 863: Or that's who it was or something. I really don't think I would say, it sounds awkward to me so I don't think I'd say it. Interviewer: What if it was a woman? You'd say that was? 863: Yeah I might've said that was her. Interviewer: And then 863: Well I guess I would have said that was him. Yeah that was him. I might've. Interviewer: If there was two people you'd say that was? 863: Them. Interviewer: And, talking about how tall you are, you'd say he's not as tall as? 863: As I am. Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall? 863: As he is. Interviewer: And he can do that better? 863: Than I can. Interviewer: And, if you've been out to 863: But I might say better than me, if I'm just joking along and being very, very comfortable. I, I, what I'll say quickly without any thought and, and depending on, you know, sometimes I'd speak to the person that, uh, I'm speaking to in their own language, in effect. And, I find myself pronouncing things very well when I'm talking with theatrical people. You #1 see? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: And when I'm just sitting around talking to somebody I can be a little bit like, #1 like this, # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: you know? I can get as unintelligible as anyone else. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if, um, you'd been to New Mexico and hadn't gone anymore west that that, you'd say New Mexico is? 863: Far west as I've been, huh. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or another way of saying that? New Mexico is? Would you say it's all the further west I've been or the farthest or? 863: The farthest. Interviewer: And, if something belongs to me, you'd say it's? 863: It's mine. Interviewer: Or? I'd ask you, I'd say this isn't mine, is this? 863: I'd say no it's mine. Interviewer: Or I'd ask you, is this? 863: Yours. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if it belongs to both of us, it's? 863: Ours. Interviewer: And to them it's? 863: Theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 863: His. Interviewer: And to her? 863: Hers. Interviewer: And, if there was a group of people at your house and they were getting ready to leave, you'd, you'd say well I hope? 863: You'll come back. {NW} Interviewer: Would you say you to a whole group or? 863: Oh I might say you all. Interviewer: How do you use you all? 863: You all is the plural of you. Y'all come back. Interviewer: Do you ever use, um, 863: #1 In fact, I used # Interviewer: #2 you all or? # 863: to, um, I've just come back from Hawaii and I absolutely broke them up saying Aloha you all. Interviewer: {NW} 863: But I did that for fun. Interviewer: Would you ever use you all or y'all for just one person? 863: No. I wouldn't. And I really never heard it used that way. I've heard comedians make jokes about it but I've never heard anyone say it to one person, unless they were saying, I could say I wish you all would come see us again, meaning you and whoever else I associate with you. #1 If I knew # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: you, say, and your mother or your Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: friend or something like this but I would never refer to you as you all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What if there was a group at your house and you were asking about their coats, you know, everybody's coats, you'd say where are? 863: Are y'all's coats, yeah. {X} Interviewer: And, 863: Easy. {NW} Interviewer: If there was a, had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and you were asking about the people that had gone. You'd ask someone? 863: Who all was there? Interviewer: And if there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family, you'd ask about them? 863: Whose family's or whose children are these. I'd just say #1 whose. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Would you ever say who all? 863: I don't believe so. That's not one I use. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: You all all the time but, uh, whose would just be whose Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: for me. Interviewer: And if you were asking about all of the speaker's remarks, you know, everything he said, you'd ask somebody? 863: What did he say or what all did he say. I don't think I'd say what all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I might though, I might. That sounds natural enough. Interviewer: And you say if no one else will look out for them, you say they've got to look out for? 863: Themselves. Interviewer: And if no one else will do it for him, he better do it? 863: For himself. Interviewer: And, something made out of flour and baked in a loaf? 863: Bread. Interviewer: What different kinds of bread? 863: Well in a loaf, it's mostly just bread but I mean you could get whole wheat bread or wheat germ bread or white bread. Interviewer: What do you put in white bread to make it rise? 863: Yeast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of light bread? 863: Yes. And I think it's almost the same thing as white bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Some people would just call it? 863: Yes, I've heard it called that. I don't call it light bread. I always call it white bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you'd say there's two kinds of bread, there's homemade bread and then there's? 863: Store bought. Interviewer: And, 863: Or bakery. But I think I'd call it store bought. Interviewer: Talking about how much flour might be in a sack, you'd say a sack might contain five or ten? 863: Probably twenty-five pounds. Interviewer: And, something, um, made out of flour, it's fried in deep fat and has a whole in the center? 863: Doughnut? Interviewer: Any other names for doughnuts? 863: Dunkers. Oh I, clunkers, I don't know. Doughnuts is just what I call 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And something that you'd make out of batter and fry to eat for breakfast? 863: You mean like, pancakes? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what 863: Or hotcakes. Either one, interchangeably. Interviewer: What different things are made out of cornmeal? 863: Cornbread. Down here, and I don't make it but, you know, we have the colored help. They make, uh, they make a sort of a cornbread thing which they call kush kush. And I'm sure you've run into kush kush before if you've been through Louisiana. Interviewer: What's that like exactly? 863: But it would be the, it's, uh, well they just make the cornbread in a skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And then they, they'll usually eat it with, say, syrup or milk, or something like that. And uh, then of course, we all made hush puppies. Interviewer: What about, um, this may be very similar to the kush kush but something that you could just take cornmeal and salt and water. It'd make something you'd eat with a spoon. 863: Mm-hmm. You mean like a cornmeal mush? Interviewer: Uh-huh. That was different from the kush kush? 863: Yeah, kush kush, uh, is almost baked on top of the stove without being put in a, in a, well some people may have called that mush but I believe everybody call that mush. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: That, that you made, you know, it's, it's almost a difference in consistency, the same ingredients. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, do you ever hear of anything called a corn dodger? 863: Yes, and I think it'd probably be just a, same thing as a hush puppy. It'd be a fried, uh, corn and corn pone I've heard #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: and then, 'course, you can bake and make spoon bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But something similar to a hush puppy, they'd call a? 863: That's what I'd call a corn dodger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, the inside part of the egg is called the? 863: The yoke. Interviewer: What color is that? 863: The yoke is the yellow, and the whites are the whites {NW} or Interviewer: #1 And, # 863: #2 clear. # Interviewer: if you cooked them in hot water, you call them? 863: Well, either hard boiled or poached. Interviewer: Poached. What? 863: Poached egg. Interviewer: And, the kind of, um, animal that barks would be a? 863: Dog. Interviewer: And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog you'd tell him? 863: Sic him. Interviewer: And what would you call a mixed breed dog? 863: Mongrel. Interviewer: What about a, a small noisy dog? 863: You mean, beside a mongrel? Oh, there's another good term, let me think what it is. But uh, most small noisy dogs are just terriers or something to that effect. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a feist? 863: No. I know what feisty is, it means one that's, you know, full of fight but I've never heard it called that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a worthless dog? 863: Just a mongrel I guess. Interviewer: And if you had a mean dog, you'd tell someone you better be careful that dog will? 863: Will bite. Interviewer: And yesterday 863: Or you call him a vicious dog, you know. He bit someone yesterday so be careful. Interviewer: And the person had to go to the doctor after he got? 863: Bitten. Interviewer: Do you ever say dog bit? So and so was dog bit? 863: No but I've said so and so was snake bit. Interviewer: What does snake bit mean? 863: Beat and bitten by a snake. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: But being snake bit, you know, means that they are, they're scared of something now, you know? I mean if I had been snake bit it means that now I'm scared of snakes or and #1 you use # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: that as a, it's a, it's a, the reason you pick it up is not because you don't know the grammar but because it's a particular term Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: that, uh, he's snake bit, that means he's been bitten before and he's scared. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Does it sort of mean accident prone? 863: No. Interviewer: It just 863: No, mostly just, uh, scared and cautious, you know, Interviewer: I could say someone's burned or something. 863: Yeah that's right. The burned child. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Same thing. Interviewer: And, the kind of animal that people use to plow with? 863: You mean, beside the horse and the mule? The ox? Interviewer: Talk about the mule. 863: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 If you had # two of those hitched together? You'd call that a? 863: Oh, there's a term for a pair of mules but I've forgotten what it is. And we had mules but, you know, I'm not good on this farm terminology. Interviewer: {NW} And, the animals that you milk would be a? 863: They'd be cows. Interviewer: And the male would be a? 863: Bull. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 863: Well I grew up in a, in a ranching family, and bulls were very valuable animals, they were not a bad word. Uh there is certain combinations of the word bull with other things that are quite bad. You know what they are. Interviewer: And, the little one when it's first born is called a? 863: Calf. Interviewer: And the female? 863: Are heifers. Interviewer: And the male? 863: Well they're bull calves. Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf, you'd say she was going to? 863: Calve. Interviewer: Any other ways of saying that? 863: No, I don't think so. Interviewer: Do you ever hear drop a calf or find a calf or come in? 863: Well, not find, uh, come in I may have heard I'm, I'm really not sure but yes I've heard dropping calves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Just the, but mostly though, the, it's. it seems to me that the horses drop a colt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know, the mare drops a colt, more than the, than the cow drops a calf. I guess cows drop calves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the male horse is called a? 863: Stallion. Interviewer: That word was alright to use too? 863: Oh yeah, there are some nice little ladies that don't think you ought to speak of things like {NS} Interviewer: Um, you'd say everyone around here likes to, what, horses? 863: Ride. Interviewer: And yesterday he? 863: Rode a horse. Interviewer: And I have never? 863: Ridden a horse. Interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on, you'd say, you fell, what, the horse? 863: I fell off the horse. Interviewer: And, say a child went to sleep in bed, and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning? 863: He fell off the bed. Interviewer: And, the things you put on the horse's feet, are called the? 863: Horseshoe? Interviewer: What about a game you play with those? 863: {NW} Horseshoes too. Interviewer: Do you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 863: Well, it was a ring toss game but uh, but um it was different. It was, and it was much more modern with plastic and that sort of thing. Same thing, it's just the stake in the ground on two of 'em apart, #1 you know, and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: you throw the horseshoe. Interviewer: And the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on? 863: Hoof. Interviewer: And, the plural? 863: Hooves. Interviewer: And, the male sheep is called a? 863: Ram. Interviewer: That word was alright to use to 863: It is for me. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Uh, and a ewe, you know, but these are, you know, having been brought up in a cattle raising Interviewer: {NW} 863: family, uh, this, it never occurred to me whether it was good or bad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You see? Uh, if you got into a more genteel family that, uh, good Victorians that were more further removed from the actual raising and breeding of these animals, uh, you go back and see {C: tape skips} where some of the ladies might have but then they tittered about showing there ankles and that sort of Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 863: #2 thing too. # Interviewer: Um, what people raised sheep for? Would be? 863: Well in this part of the country it was to make everybody else mad. {NW} We didn't like sheep raisers but they raised 'em for wool. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And, really, nobody every eats mutton around here maybe some spring lamb, you know, you can get a leg of lamb or lamb chops but mutton is not a term that anyone ever uses here. I had my first mutton when I went to England. Interviewer: The animals you get pork from would be? 863: Hogs. Interviewer: When they're first born you call 'em? 863: Pigs, I guess. Piglets. Interviewer: #1 And when they're bigger? # 863: #2 Little shoats. # Uh, {NW} I think shoats, isn't that a #1 good term? Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # What size is a shoat? 863: Ah, it's a little bit than a little, than a newborn. I, I think it's when they're running around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Up to, what size? 863: I don't know, we never very raised many hogs. Interviewer: A male hog is called a? 863: Boar. Interviewer: And if you had a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a male hog, what would you say you were gonna do to it? 863: Well, I guess the term would be castrate but I really wouldn't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Geld is what you do for a horse. I don't know what you do for a, a boar. Interviewer: And, if you'd castrated the boar, then it'd be called a? 863: I don't even know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the term barrow #1 or borrow? # 863: #2 Yes. # I suppose that's what it is, I couldn't think of the word though. Interviewer: What'd you hear it called? 863: Barrow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the female is called a? 863: Sow. Interviewer: What if she's never had pigs? 863: I really don't know. Interviewer: And, the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back? 863: Bristle. Interviewer: And the big teeth? 863: Tusks. Interviewer: And, what'd you put the food in for the hog? Would be called a? 863: Hmm. I don't really know. I used to have uh, bins and, and troughs and things, I guess trough would be what it would be in. Actually, what they did was throw it over the fence {NW} and it went on the ground and into the wallow and what have you. {NW} But yes, I think it would be a pig trough, wouldn't it? If you were having 'em, keeping 'em? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: If you were raising them professionally, you know, other than just letting them run loose or keeping them in that pigsty. Interviewer: Any special name for a hog that's grown up wild? 863: They used to call them Piney Woods Rooters around here. {NW} Interviewer: And, say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth, they were getting hungry, you'd say you had to feed the? 863: The stock. Interviewer: What if you're talking about hens and turkeys and geese? 863: Well, you can probably just say feed the chickens, all of 'em, but poultry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if it was time to feed the stock and do your work, you'd say it was? 863: Chores. Interviewer: Or it's what time? Would you call it chore time or feeding time or water time? 863: Well, of course, if the other chore was in feeding, you might say feeding time. Interviewer: And, 863: Among chores used, on the old time farm and even next door to me, they kept a cow and, and one of the things that they used to always relegate to me was to, to churn the butter Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: because they had, they had to get the eggs, you know, and, and gather the eggs and that sort of thing from the chicken house and everybody hated to churn the butter, so it seemed to me that if I wanted them to come out and play sooner, I had to churn the butter. Interviewer: {NW} 863: And in those days it wasn't a, you know, that kind of churning, it was the kind that you turned the crank on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: And it took a long time. Your arm got tired. Interviewer: {NW} 863: And I soon found out that that wasn't the chore I wanted. Interviewer: {NW} Um, 863: But I've seen milk, uh, with the old slapdash method at the Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 churn you know. # Slapdash, slapdash. Nice little rhythm to it. Interviewer: {NW} The noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? 863: Bawl. Interviewer: What about a cow? 863: They moo. Interviewer: And a horse? 863: Neighs. Interviewer: Or the gentle sound? That they make? 863: Nicker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do y'all have many horses around here? 863: Oh yes. And I grew up with horses, and so did my children. We still have some horses that are retired down there. Interviewer: What kind? Quarter- 863: Quarter horses, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Good ol' ranch horse, huh? 863: All working horses and her one quarter horse that she used to ride in shows was trained for barrel racing and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: western pleasure class but, but uh, no walking horses or saddle horses, just uh, just the ol' quarter horses. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to get a cow in out of the pasture. How would you call her? Do you ever hear 863: No, I'm sure they can and I've heard soo pig and all that sort of thing but uh, or here bossy or soo bossy and all that sort of stuff but, actually, most of those cows knew exactly when it was time to come in and eat and be milked and they came you #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 just didn't have, # 863: all you had to do was open the gate. Interviewer: Do you ever hear a special call for a calf? 863: No. Interviewer: What about horses? 863: No, I don't think I've heard a special call for 'em. I'm sure they had one but um, again, they always knew Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: when they were, when they were, course they always knew when you wanted to saddle 'em too and then they disappeared. Interviewer: {NW} Do you ever, um, hear a special call for sheep? 863: No. Interviewer: What 863: Not around here. Interviewer: What about for pigs? It just? 863: Soo pig. But that, that's, the only reason I even know that one, really, is because that's what they always used to holler at the O-U games. {NW} Interviewer: #1 At the what? # 863: #2 Know, # {NW} O-U. Oklahoma University. #1 Texas # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: and Oklahoma play every year in Dallas, and uh, they're called the Razorbacks, you know, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Arkansas hog. And uh, so that's just, more, a cry that I'm sure was a cry to get the pigs in that they used. Up there, you know. Derogatory, I'm sure. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Except, I think they really use it themselves. Woo pig, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: That kind of thing. Interviewer: How would you call 863: But I, I'll tell you, if you want the horses in and you're trying to run 'em in and the same thing with the cattle, it's not a call, it's more the way you drive them in because I've gone into the corral to drive them into the thingy. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: That's the way you do it. Interviewer: What would you say to a cow to get her to stand still so you could milk her? 863: Unprintable. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 863: I don't really know, I, I've milked a cow but uh, she was used to being milked and you didn't have to worry with her, you know? Interviewer: What would you say to a horse to get him to turn left or right? 863: {NW} You mean like gee and haw with a, I don't, you don't say anything to a horse, you rein him you know? #1 He answers # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: the reigns. I've never given him, uh, I've never given a horse oral signals. Interviewer: What about to get him started? You'd tell him? 863: Giddy up. Interviewer: Hmm? 863: Giddy up. Interviewer: And to stop him? 863: Whoa. Interviewer: And to back him up? 863: Well, you do that, again, with the signals. My daughter might have some that she spoke to her horse, they understood each other so perfectly but with me it's just reins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Nearly all of it, sometimes you speak to him but Interviewer: How would you call chickens? 863: Here chick, chick, chick, chick, chick, chick, chick! {C: calling chickens} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, 863: And they, again, are already there, if you have walked out with something in your hand that looks like food, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: they're already there. You don't have to call 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 863: {NW} Interviewer: Um, 863: They're waiting for you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The kind of meat that you can pour, you can use for boiling with grease? 863: You mean, like hog jaws, or something like that? Interviewer: Or the salted pork? 863: Salt pork, yeah. Interviewer: Any other names? 863: Salt bacon. Interviewer: And, when you cut the side of a hog, you call that the? 863: The side? That's a loin of pork, I, I'm, I'm not sure what you're talking about? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a side of bacon or? 863: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Hmm? 863: Oh yes. I've heard of side of bacon that's a, that's a particular #1 if it's # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: the, it's the whole bacon that's not yet been sliced. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And the edge of the bacon that you cut off? 863: That's probably the salt pork section Interviewer: #1 What, # 863: #2 or the, # Interviewer: #1 it's actually the # 863: #2 or the, um, # Interviewer: the skin of the animal. You'd call 863: Oh that. The rind, you talking bout? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 863: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And, nowadays the kind of meat that you buy already sliced? 863: Bacon. Interviewer: And, a person who kills and sells meat? Would be a? 863: Butcher, I guess. #1 Except # Interviewer: #2 And # 863: very few butchers kill 'em anymore, they're killed at the abattoir or the packinghouse, you #1 see? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: You've now, {X} that you've gotten it departmentalized, the butcher used to do it all. Now he, it's not, it's already killed before it gets to what we call a butcher. Interviewer: {NW} Mm-hmm. 863: Butcher cuts it up but, you know, with modern world, the packer and the, what have you, but anyway, butcher would have been the old term. Interviewer: If meat's been kept too long and it doesn't taste right, you'd say that it's? 863: Rancid. Interviewer: Or? It's done what? 863: Spoiled. I would think I would say it's gone rancid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I might say it's spoiling. Interviewer: What? 863: Gone bad. #1 That could be it. # Interviewer: #2 What inside # parts of the hog would you eat? 863: Well, of course, you'd take the intestines and stuff them in it's sausage. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, people do eat pork liver. Uh, I used to buy a lot for my cat. And uh, I don't eat all the exotic parts. I've never been fond of any of the things like brains and pig's feet and all that sort of stuff. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of, um, something else made out of the, intestines? 863: Tripe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Mm-hmm. I don't eat it. Interviewer: What about chit? 863: Well, chitterlings is not internal. Chitterlings is the, the fat, you know, and the skin has been fried. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, it puffs up with the chitterlings I think. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of anything called Haslet or 863: Cracklings, yeah. Or what? Interviewer: Haslet or harslet. 863: No. Interviewer: And, after you kill a hog, what can you make with the meat from its head? 863: Hog's head cheese, which is really brains, isn't it? Interviewer: You don't care for that, huh? 863: {NW} I don't eat the exotic parts. But, now, when you get to interviewing your old-time negro, you're gonna find they eat everything that didn't #1 eat them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: first. Interviewer: {NW} What about, something you could make out of a liver? 863: Something you can make out a liver, like a pate, or something like that? You can do that out of goose liver. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about things you can make out of hog liver? 863: Well, I guess, I don't know of anything that you'd make, just particularly out of a hog's liver, I mean uh, not anything that, like liver sausage out of a calf's liver or a, or a cow liver. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What 863: Beef liver too. Interviewer: What's liver sausage like? 863: Well, I buy it at the store, and I don't know whether it's beef liver or, or anything else but it's, #1 you know, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: It's a, it's ground up very, very fine and mixed with spices and other fillers and things and then, you, you've seen the, the liver, the kind of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Liver loafs and things like that they make. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever # 863: #2 Slices. # Interviewer: hear of anything called scrapple or cripple or? 863: Well, scrapple is a Philadelphia dish, largely, and it's mixed with cornmeal. Is it made just out of liver? I really don't know what it's #1 made out of, I know it's just # Interviewer: #2 It's not really made out of liver, # No. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do, do people, uh, is scrapple a word that people would know around here? 863: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Is that something # 863: I never heard of it until I went up, Philadelphia, in fact, #1 I think I'd read # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: about it somewhere but that was something that, uh, that people didn't make down here, that I ever heard of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Or maybe they called it by another name. Interviewer: What about something made out of the blood? Do you ever hear of using? 863: Yeah but I don't know what it was and it wasn't something that I Interviewer: {NW} 863: had ever made at our table. {NW} Interviewer: And, you'd say this morning, at seven o'clock, I, what, breakfast? 863: I ate breakfast? Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I had #1 already? # 863: #2 Ate # breakfast. Or I had already eaten it. Interviewer: And, if you were real thirsty you would go over to the sink and pour yourself a? 863: A glass of water. Interviewer: And you'd say the glass fell off the sink and? 863: Broke? Interviewer: So somebody has has? 863: Broken the glass. Interviewer: And you say, I didn't mean to? 863: Break it. Interviewer: And, the first thing you do after milking to get the impurities out? 863: The first thing you do? Interviewer: Like if you pour it through a fine cloth, you say you 863: Oh, you were going to strain it. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, say if you had butter that was kept too long, and it didn't taste right? 863: It goes rancid too. Interviewer: What about milk that you, you let it get thick, you call that? 863: Well, they used to call it clabber down here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: And my grandfather, particularly, loved clabber. Interviewer: What could you make out of that? 863: I think you could make, uh, cheese, if it lasted that long, you know, cottage cheese. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, say if someone has a good appetite, you'd say, he sure likes to put away his? 863: Victuals, by the way, I wouldn't use it, I've heard it. I've read it more than anything else. Interviewer: What would you call it? 863: Well, I wouldn't say, put away his, I'd say he likes to eat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or what you'd eat, you'd call? 863: Well, food. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: I've heard victuals but it isn't something I use but I think you'll find that some do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And food taken between regular meals, you'd call #1 that? # 863: #2 Snacks. # Interviewer: Huh? 863: Snacks. Interviewer: And, you could take, um, milk or cream and mix that with sugar and nutmeg, and make a sweet liquid. You could pour a? 863: You mean like an eggnog? Interviewer: Or, something you could pour over pudding or pie? You'd call that a? Just any sweet liquid? 863: Something that you poured over pudding and pie? Interviewer: Or pie, yeah. Just 863: Well, we put ice cream on it but {NW} I don't know what your, uh, it, you sound like you are talking about a sauce but, #1 uh, # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: but I'm not sure that we put a sweet sauce like that over any of ours. I mean, we may put, uh, a sauce that that, uh, made out of, um, honey or, or something, I don't, I, I'm #1 not sure what # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: you're, or whipped cream we used but I'm not Interviewer: #1 Well, # 863: #2 sure # Interviewer: I just wanted you to say sauce, or gravy, or dip or just, you know, which? 863: Well, a gravy is something that you make, usually, out of flower and shortening or butter and, uh, water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: With, perhaps, seasonings in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Salt and pepper, maybe onion, what have you. But a gravy is, is uh, Interviewer: It wouldn't be 863: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 sweet? # 863: made out of milk drippings, I mean, it's made out of, when I say shortening, it's usually made out of drippings as we #1 call 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: The, or something like that. And it would not be sweet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And anything that was sweet would probably have to be a sauce. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Now, you can make a sauce almost like a gravy by, say, making a white sauce, you know, or #1 something like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: this. And then, course, the French call all of their kind of things sauces, some of which, we would, kinda, classify as gravy but #1 if it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: got a fancy French name with it, then it's called a sauce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say, if you were real thirsty, you'd say, I, what, two glasses of water? 863: Drank? Interviewer: And you'd say how much have you? 863: Drunk. Interviewer: And we certainly do, what, a lot of water? 863: Drink a lot of water. Interviewer: And, something kid of like a fruit pie, it's got several layers of, maybe, apples and strips of dough in it, you'd call that a? 863: Probably a cobbler. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a apple flump or deep apple pie or family 863: I've heard those terms but I never use them. Interviewer: Which terms have you heard? 863: Cobbler. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: You, most of 'em are in I've heard it called apple flump because I've read recipes and things like that for 'em but the same thing, I always heard #1 called a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: cobbler. Only after I got to be grown lady and was reading recipe books did I come across some of those nice terms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table, you'd tell them to go ahead and? 863: And eat? Interviewer: Or go ahead and, what, down? 863: Or sit down, mm-hmm. Interviewer: So you'd say, so then he went ahead and 863: I won't say sat down, you know, uh, that's never been something I've heard but I've heard it, you know, your, your less educated people #1 will say # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: sit down or sit yourself to the table, or some good nice #1 term like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: that. I do some of this colloquialism in, in dialects #1 sometimes # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: and I write it sometimes too. Interviewer: You'd say, um, then he went ahead and he? 863: He sat down. I would. Interviewer: And everybody had already? 863: sat down before him. Interviewer: And, if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to 'em, you'd tell 'em just go ahead and? 863: Help yourself. Interviewer: So he went ahead and? 863: Helped himself. Interviewer: And he's already? What? 863: Helped himself? Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say hope? Or hoped us? 863: Now hep mostly, hep yo-self. {C: pronouncing "help" as "hep" deliberately} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: See, that, that, again, isn't so much, that's a pronunciation Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: and I can do that too but I will say help. Mine will have an, L, in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: But uh, I have been rather shocked from time to time to visit school on PTA visiting night and go in and hear their English teachers saying, and I'm gonna hep {C: pronunciation} these children, you know, {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: and I'm sure she helped {C: pronunciation} 'em a lot. Interviewer: If you decide not to eat something, you'd say, no thank you I don't? 863: I don't care for any. Interviewer: And, 863: I'd say I don't want any but I don't care for any is, is quite a well known colloquialism down here, and I use it myself. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If food's been cooked and served a second time, you'd say that it? 863: Leftovers. Interviewer: Or it's been? What? 863: Recooked or reheated? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Reheated is what I'd say. Interviewer: And, you put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 863: Chew. Interviewer: You say, he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't? 863: Swallow it. Interviewer: And, what would you call peas and beets and carrots and so forth that you'd raise yourself? 863: You mean, like, home raised vegetables or homegrown vegetables? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, this is a, a 863: I think I would have said grown not raised, you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I was, I think I was repeating your term. Homegrown would be what I'd call it. Homegrown vegetables. Interviewer: And, a Southern food that, um, well people eat for breakfast, is made out of? 863: Like, grits? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: I don't. {NW} Interviewer: And, something that's made out of corn that's soaked in, in lye? 863: That's hominy. And I don't like that either. But my grandfather always used to have for breakfast, ham and grits and red-eye gravy. Red-eye gravy being ham gravy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what would you call whiskey that's made illegally? Out in the 863: Moonshine. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Moonshine. Interviewer: When you say moonshine, are you meaning just any kind of illegal whiskey? 863: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Or? # 863: Any kind is what it would refer, all illegal whiskey would be called moonshine. By me. Interviewer: Could it be, would it be fit to drink, or? 863: Not necessarily. I've heard of white lightning. Interviewer: What's 863: Some of it that will make you go blind, but uh, some of it was quite decent. Interviewer: White lightning? Could that be just? Would that be a term you used regardless of quality? Just for any 863: No. White lightning would probably be the kind that would strike you blind if you #1 tried # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: very much of it, you know? But uh, No. Somebody might make some real good moonshine. There can be good moonshine and bad moonshine. Interviewer: Would you have a, a term for just poor quality whiskey? Whether it's legal or illegal? 863: Yes but I can't think of what it is. Interviewer: What about beer that you'd make at home? You'd call that? 863: Home-brew. Interviewer: And, say if something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils, you'd tell someone, would you just that? 863: Does it smell good? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say to me, would you just? 863: Just smell that? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, you'd say this isn't imitation maple syrup, this is? 863: The real thing. Interviewer: Or this is? 863: Genuine. Interviewer: And, if you were buying something wholesale, like, several hundred pounds at a time, you'd say you were buying it? 863: In bulk. Interviewer: And, a sweet spread you could put on toast or biscuits? Would be jam or? 863: Or jelly. Preserve. Interviewer: And, what you'd have on the table to season food with? 863: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: And if there was a bowl of apples and the child wanted one, he'd tell you? 863: May I have an apple? Interviewer: And, you'd say, he doesn't live here, he lives? 863: Somewhere else. Interviewer: Or he lives? 863: Over there. Interviewer: Do you ever say yonder or yander? 863: Over yonder? Oh yeah. I'll say that sometimes but, again, I think that you're getting into the realm of, say, slightly exaggerating or, or, or being a little hammy. #1 Or something like that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 863: Like, yeah Mary would be even more so than over yonder. I'd say, oh, he lives way over yonder. You know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: But it would have to be kind of far away. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Uh, next door would be over there. In the next county over yonder in the next #1 county, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: you understand? But I, I don't think I'd use over yonder very often. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Over there, I'd use all the time. Interviewer: And, you'd tell someone, don't do it that way, do it? 863: This way. Interviewer: And, if you don't have any money at all, you say you're not rich, you're 863: I'm stone broke. Interviewer: #1 Or # 863: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if you 863: I'm poor. Interviewer: And, you'd say 863: I'm not poor, #1 I'm poor. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: But everybody else around here is poor. Interviewer: You'd say, when I was a child, my father was poor but next door was a child? What? 863: Who was rich? Interviewer: Or? 863: #1 Wealthy? # Interviewer: #2 What father was # rich? 863: Whose father was rich. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Whose father was rich. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you have a lot of peach trees, you'd say you have a peach? 863: Orchard. Interviewer: And, you might ask someone if that's his orchard and he'd say, no I'm just a neighbor. He'd point to someone else and say he's the man? 863: Who owns the orchard? Interviewer: And, the inside part of a cherry? 863: The pit. Interviewer: What about in a peach? 863: That's a seed. Interviewer: And the part inside the seed? 863: That's probably a peach pit too. {NW} Aw, inside the seed? Would probably be the, I don't know that I've ever called it anything other than in, in science class. Interviewer: What would you call it in science class? Would? 863: I don't know, is it a dicotyledon or a monocotyledon? {NW} No, that, your peach seed, or a peach pit, you could call it that. Stone, sometimes too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: You know, a but uh, I think I think I would probably refer to it as seed and what's Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Inside of it really is the seed, it's the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call the kind of peach that you have to cut the seed out of? 863: Cling. Interviewer: What about the other kind? That comes off? 863: A freestone. That's where the stone comes from, really. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I don't think I'd have ever called it a peach stone except that I know that there's a freestone peach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You see? Interviewer: And the part of the apple that you don't eat? 863: Core. Interviewer: And when you cut up apples and dry them, you say you're making? 863: Dried apples, that would be all I'd call them. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the term snitz? 863: No. Interviewer: And, what different kinds 863: But, you know, we don't raise apples down here. Interviewer: {NW} 863: You know, this sometimes has to be, uh, regional because if you don't raise apples the, or if you don't raise sheep, for instance, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: or herd sheep, why then, you really don't, you're not familiar with the terminology that goes with it. We don't dry apples down here because we don't have them. Interviewer: Do they grow in other parts of Texas or? 863: I don't think apples grow anywhere in Texas. Some peaches grow out in the hill country and then up, perhaps, from Nacogdoches on up, but #1 um, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: you don't get, only pears really grow and plums down here well. And then course, down in the valley, you get all your citrus fruits. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What different kinds of nuts grow around here? 863: Pecans, of course, most commonly but hickory nuts and uh, walnut and uh, see, what else, those the main ones that grow around here. Interviewer: What would be a kind of nut that grows in the ground? 863: A peanut? Interviewer: Any other names for them? 863: Goobers. Interviewer: And, would that be a term you'd hear around here or would that? 863: Again, only jokingly, I think. They, I, we don't grow much around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Peanuts, just, this isn't peanut country. There are more, there're better crops. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the kind of nut that is sorta shaped like your eye? I don't 863: Almond. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: But none are grown here. Interviewer: And, with a walnut, um, when it first comes off a tree it's got a green covering on it. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You call that the? 863: {NW} I really don't know, I've forgotten what you call the outer covering. I have forgotten. Interviewer: What would you call the part that you crack? 863: Well that's what I would call a shell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, the kind of citrus 863: That's a sort of a sheathe or it, it has a name but I can't think of what it is. Interviewer: A citrus fruit that, about the size of an apple? 863: The orange. Grapefruit is larger. Interviewer: And, if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one, and there weren't any left, you'd say the oranges are? 863: They're gone? I mean Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, say if you had an apple, and it dried out, you'd say, well, the skin of that dried apple was all? 863: Shriveled. Interviewer: And, what different things would people, um, grow in a garden around here? 863: Around here? Well, you'd probably have greens, and tomatoes, and okra and, cucumbers. Several kinds of greens. Maybe parsley. Uh, squash. That would be, the main things that you would grow here. Interviewer: What different kinds of greens? 863: Oh they're mustard greens and collard greens. Have you heard of collard greens? And uh, and uh turnip greens. You can even eat beet greens and, sometimes, you might have turnips and beets too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, yes, we had turnips and beets, we grew 'em. And uh, I guess that's all. Interviewer: What do you call, um, the kind of tomato that doesn't get any bigger than this? 863: Cherry tomatoes. Interviewer: Any other names for them? 863: Just cherry tomatoes is all I know. Interviewer: And a little red thing that grows in the ground? 863: Radish. Oh yes, you'd raise radishes too. You, probably could go on and raise lettuce, I don't think head lettuce is raised much around here, it's too hot but there's certain times of the year when you can raise the leaf lettuce, particularly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, if you can keep it from the bugs. Interviewer: Tell me about lettuce, if you wanted to buy some, you'd ask for maybe three? 863: Heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the word heads used about children? Like, say if, someone had five children, say he had five heads of children? 863: No, we use heads for cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know, you had so many head of cattle. But uh, no I've never used it for children. Interviewer: What if someone had about 14 children? You'd say he really had a? 863: A lot of children. Or a houseful. Interviewer: Do you ever use 863: But I'll tell you, going back to it, I've heard counting noses but not #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: sometimes counting heads if, if, uh, oh, for instance, I've used the term counting heads, never saying somebody had so many head of children or heads but uh, say, really the term I've always used is counting noses. Go see how many are out there so we'll know how many refreshments to fix for the birthday party or something, you, it's called counting noses around #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: It could be called counting heads too. Interviewer: Do you ever, um, well, say if someone had a lot of children, do you ever hear that referred to as a passel? 863: Oh yes. Interviewer: How would 863: A passel of children or a passel of brats. Yes, I've heard it. It's not something I think I would ordinarily use but uh, it's kind of an old fashioned phrase. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, I don't think I've heard anyone, for instance, I have a friend right now that has ten children but I don't think I'd ever refer to them as a passel. Interviewer: Do you ever hear passel used to refer to anything besides children? 863: No. Interviewer: And, say if someone had, about, a thousand acres of land, you'd say he had a? 863: A ranch. {NW} Interviewer: Or a what of 863: A lot of land. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the e- 863: Or a big spread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: But big spread is a Western term, and I think that's because it did spread and it was out in the open. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know, and it wasn't divided into little pastures or little parcels of land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Yes, big spread is a great, big, good Texas word. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression, a right smart, of land? 863: Yes, I've heard right smart of everything but, again, that's one of those things that I never would personally use but, except, in writing. I used it for a dialect thing I did for the French Trading Post. Interviewer: How did you #1 use it? # 863: #2 Right # smart means a lot of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Somebody can have a right smart amount of money too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: So it, it meant a lot of. Interviewer: Just, Any, anything that you can count #1 would, # 863: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: would be right smart. Um, and along with your meat, you might have a baked? 863: Potato. Interviewer: What different kinds of potatoes? 863: Well, Irish potatoes are what we think about, and sometimes Idahoes, and they're called spuds, and then here we have new potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: A lot. New potatoes is, be the only thing really that you'd grow in this part of the country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The kind of potato that, that's red on the inside. 863: Oh. Are you talking about, really, sort of orange? Interviewer: Yeah. 863: That's a sweet potato. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Or a yam. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 863: Yes. Interviewer: And, something that'd make your eyes water if you cut it? 863: Onion. Interviewer: What do you call the little onions that you eat before they get very big? 863: Well, we just called them green onions down here but I think they're also called scallions and, perhaps even, leeks, although, I think they are a slightly different thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, something about, um, looks kinda like lettuce, would be? 863: It looks kind of #1 like # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # 863: lettuce? Interviewer: Green. Comes in a head. 863: You mean, a cabbage? Interviewer: Okay. #1 Probably got # 863: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: several of those, you'd talk about several? 863: Cabbages. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Cabbages. Interviewer: And, what different kind of beans would people raise around here? 863: Well, we have snap beans, and uh, pole beans, and course, you get various kinds of dried beans like kidney beans and butter beans, and things like this. Interviewer: To get the butter beans out of the pods, you say you have to? 863: Shell them. Interviewer: What about Lima beans? 863: Butter beans and Lima beans are almost the same thing except the Lima beans are greener and the butter beans are yellower. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about, um, the term green bean or string bean? 863: Well, green bean can be either a string bean or a snap bean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And there's not a whole lot of difference between those. Interviewer: How can you tell the difference? 863: Uh, some are stringier than others. The stringier ones are what I call string beans. There are some #1 that don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: have very many strings. I think that this may be a matter of modern breeding, I don't know, but, uh, Kentucky wonders are what I tend to call, uh, snap beans, you know, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: because they snap pretty well, and then, there are some that, string beans, and, and I've used one of these little apple peelers, you know, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: to string them off before I cook them. Interviewer: And, the kind of corn that is tender enough to eat off the cob? 863: Well, we call it corn on the cob. Down here, I've never heard it called roasting ears but in other parts of the country I've heard it called roasting ears. Here it's just, it's just sweet corn. Interviewer: Where did you hear it called roasting ears? 863: Oh, first time I ever heard it was, I guess, a friend when I was off at school, who set about roasting ears and I said, you mean just sweet corn? #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: I thought you had to cook it a special way, #1 and she said # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: no, you boil roasting ears. I said, well, then that's just corn on the cob. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The outside of the ear of corn is the? 863: The shuck. Interviewer: And the stringy stuff? 863: The tassel. Or the, or we called it the corn silk. Interviewer: And, this is the same thing? 863: Well, the tassel, you know, goes on the outside and then it goes inside, it's corn silk on the inside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And something you make pie out of at thanksgiving? 863: Pumpkin. Interviewer: And, what different kinds of melons grow around here? 863: Watermelons, cantaloupes, honeydew melons. Interviewer: Do you ever hear muskmelon or mushmelon? 863: I think it's the same thing as a cantaloupe. Interviewer: What did people call it? 863: Cantaloupe. {NW} I've heard it called mushmelon but, uh, everybody else down, ev-, everybody down here always called it a cantaloupe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Were there different kinds of watermelons? Different names for them or? 863: Well, there, there are some that are striped and some that are all green and then there are some little miniature ones, uh, but I've never heard them particularly called, uh, a different kind, Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 you know? # Interviewer: And, something, a little umbrella shape thing that grows up in the woods or field? 863: Mushroom? Interviewer: Any other names for them? 863: Oh, toadstools, fairy stools, that sort of thing. Fairy circles or they used to come in rings, sometimes. But mostly, just mushrooms. Toadstools are the things you see out in your yard, usually. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: When your eating them, they're mushrooms but you don't eat the ones that are out in the yard. {NW} Interviewer: And, what people smoke, when out of tobacco? 863: What did they smoke? Interviewer: Well, what, what people smoke would be? 863: Cigarettes and cigars. Interviewer: And, say is someone asked you if you was able to do something, you'd say sure, I? 863: I can. Interviewer: And if you weren't able to, you'd say, no I? 863: No, I can't. Interviewer: And, if you just refused to, you'd say no I? 863: I absolutely cannot. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Or, # they say, will you do that, you'd say, no I? 863: No I won't. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, say if there was a, uh, bad accident up the road. You'd say, well, you didn't need to call a doctor because the person was, what, dead by the time we got there? 863: Already dead? Interviewer: Do you ever say, done dead? 863: No. Interviewer: And, you tell a child, now you're not doing what you? 863: Ought to do or should do. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if a child got a whipping, I bet he did something he? 863: Shouldn't have. Interviewer: Or he? 863: Should not have or shouldn't have is what I Interviewer: Or using the word ought, you'd say? 863: Ought not to have done. {NW} That come out of the episcopal prayer book there. {NS} Interviewer: Huh? 863: I said that comes out of the episcopal prayer book. We've done those things which we ought not to have done. But I think I said that he shouldn't have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Probably not ought not to of. Interviewer: And, say if you were doing something that was hard work, and you were doing it all by yourself, and all the time you were working, a friend was just standing around watching you, would you 863: Goldbricking, you mean? Interviewer: When you get through working you tell them, um, you know, instead of just standing there, you know, you might? 863: Have helped me. Interviewer: Okay. Say the whole thing. 863: Well, instead of just standing there, you might have helped me. Interviewer: And, if I ask you if you'll be able to do something next week, you might say, well, I'm not sure I could do it but I 863: I'll try or I might be able to. Interviewer: Do you ever say I might could do it? 863: No. I wouldn't say that. Interviewer: How does that sound to you? 863: Oh, well, I hear it all the time. You'll, you'll find a lot of it, it's quite a common. I might could do this, I might could do that but it isn't something I would say, but then again, you see, your getting an educated person Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: whose had a lot of that, uh, washed out with soap out of them, #1 you know, # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: {NW} so forth. Interviewer: And, 863: No, I wouldn't say I might could, but uh, but uh, lot of people do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Some that should be well-educated. Interviewer: #1 You'd say um, # 863: #2 Common. # Interviewer: I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it? 863: Began to rain. Interviewer: And you'd, say um, 863: Or it poured down. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: {NW} Interviewer: You'd ask someone what time does the movie? 863: Begin. Interviewer: You'd say it must have #1 already? # 863: #2 Or # start. Must have already begun or it's already started. Interviewer: And, you'd say that would be a hard mountain to? 863: Climb. Interviewer: But last year, my neighbor? 863: Climbed a mountain. Interviewer: But I have never? 863: Climbed a mountain, I don't say clumb. {NW} Interviewer: Who says that? 863: You hear it. Uh, you know, uh, among the people that I regularly see in a social way and my friends I won't hear this but also there are a lot of people that come, for instance, the plumber, the carpenter, the laundry lady, and all these and, and I'm the kind that just happens to like to talk to people and I'm always talking to them and I hear all of this language and I talk to the people like farmers down there, #1 for instance. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: You really wanna talk to some, I can get you some good white farmers down there that are Interviewer: Yeah, I 863: Okay, oh I, oh I've got a couple of good ones. Interviewer: How far away is, is your, land? 863: About twenty miles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: From here, it's just south of here. Interviewer: Well that'd be kind of far away though. 863: from Beaumont, you mean? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Well, Charlie can find you some good ones that are in town but our farmers that are all down there that work for us Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: And uh, these are people with very little education, most of them, say, a high school education. But a good country high school education, which is not necessarily a very literate education. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It's a, you could say it's those few terms can be used together. Interviewer: #1 You have mainly, um, # 863: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: cattle down there or? 863: No. this is really, mainly, rice farming and sardine farming now. It used to be cattle but we've turned, this is the one just my husband and I own. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How many people does it take to? 863: Well, we have tenant farmers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You see, the farmers rent the land and get the water from us and then give us a percentage of their crop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, these are quite the substantial people, they own their own equipment, they have all kinds of, tractors and trucks, and things like this. They're, uh, but they're, they're products of our local high schools right out of, say, Winnie and Hampshire, and uh, this is right down, just twenty #1 miles # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: south of here, it's, it's twenty miles south of where we are living, probably fifteen miles south of the Interviewer: #1 Well, if it was # 863: #2 city limits, maybe. # Interviewer: it'd still be? 863: Oh it's #1 still, # Interviewer: #2 farther than # 863: I mean it would still be within the same linguistic area, and on this farm, I can take you to mr Johnson who is a good Cajun and absolutely illiterate. Interviewer: {NW} 863: Can only write his name, I don't think he can read anything. He can't even read numbers, I don't think, because when, uh, when he has to call us, he has to get someone else to dial the telephone. I'm serious. On the other hand, all the rest of the people that work for us are pretty substantial citizens, not well-educated, but uh, they're pretty prosperous farmers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, #1 they're, # Interviewer: #2 You ever sound like? # 863: they, they aren't so much working for us, they Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: they are our #1 tenant farmers # Interviewer: #2 They're just running # the land? 863: They, we, we get a percentage of the crop for the use of our land. and in some cases our allotment. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do they have they have a cotton allotment here and tobacco? 863: Yes but we're not in that kind of country. You're not raising cotton here, you'd have to go up, maybe, a hundred miles from here to start cotton. Interviewer: What would you have an allotment for if you? 863: Well, the government only allows you to, uh, raise so many acres of, of whatever it is you're raising, for instance, we have, uh, a allotment to raise so many acres of rice and then our farmers have allotments too. Interviewer: They, they do rice the same way they do cotton. 863: Yes. And peanuts, and a whole lot of other things #1 that are on the allotment system. # Interviewer: #2 I thought it was just # mainly cotton and tobacco. 863: Well, we are waiting to see what the government is going to do this year because they may do away with the allotment system. Uh, in which case, they've done away with a lot of investment because uh, allotment was something you also bought along with land. Interviewer: Like buying futures? Or is that something different? 863: Well, a little different from futures. Allotment was the right to buy and uh, or you don't want to go into all this. {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I, I think I don't know # 863: #1 but it's, but # Interviewer: #2 too much about # 863: you do have only the right to so man-, so much, for instance, the farmer may have a right to, to uh, plant five hundred acres Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: of rice. And he can plant it any where he wants to, he can plant three hundred on my land and two hundred on somebody else's. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But as long as he only plants five hundred acres. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Now, if I have allotment, and I can't plant it this year, for instance, my son owns some allotment and he's now in college. He leases this allotment to this man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And he plants Bill's allotment which is what he's doing. Bill used to plant his own when he was in high school. But now, he leases it out to our farmers because he's in college and he's Interviewer: Oh, I 863: #1 in # Interviewer: #2 see # 863: college both during the planting season and during the harvesting season so he cannot raise his own rice right now. And uh, so he, he finds it easier to lease out and he tried it one year but getting someone else to look after your rice is hard Interviewer: Yeah. 863: so it's just better for him to lease the allotment. He doesn't make as much, of course. Interviewer: Um, you'd say, that's the book that you, what, me for Christmas? 863: Gave me. Interviewer: Okay, and you'd say, you have? 863: Given me. Interviewer: And, when I'm finished with it, I'll? 863: Give it to someone else. Interviewer: And, if you got someone some medicine, you go in and say, why haven't you? 863: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: The person would say, well, I already? 863: I've already taken it. Interviewer: Or? 863: Or I took it an hour ago. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and in another hour I'll? 863: I'll take some more. Interviewer: And, you'd say, um, he was feeling so good that instead of walking he, what, all the way home? 863: Ran? Interviewer: Okay, and you'd say, he has? 863: Run a good race. Interviewer: And, children like to? 863: Run everyday. Interviewer: And, the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 863: An owl. Interviewer: What different kinds of owls are there? 863: Well, there's, down here, of course, we've even seen a snowy owl down here but we have, uh, horned owls, and screech owls, and barred owls, and barn owls. Interviewer: What's the difference between 863: #1 Oh, they're just different # Interviewer: #2 all of those? # 863: breeds. I have a book over there. {NW} Interviewer: What, you mentioned a barred? 863: Barred. Interviewer: What does that look like? 863: Well, he's got bars on him, it's a, it's just his coloration, and the markings. Interviewer: On his face? 863: Mm-hmm. He's different from a barn. B-A-R-N owl. He's a barred owl. #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: there's a screech owl. And uh, the old owl that we call an eight-hooter down here. Interviewer: A what? 863: Eight-hooter, you've heard an eight hooter. Interviewer: Never heard that name. 863: {NW} #1 {NW} # 863: #2 {NS} # {NS} Interviewer: What about the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 863: It's a woodpecker. Interviewer: Any other names for them? 863: {NW} No, except that, uh, I know several of them a-, apart, you know? But they're just, except for like redheaded woodpecker, you #1 know, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: and yellow-bellied, red-bellied woodpecker and a yellow-bellied sap-sucker and we have a wonderful one. The Pileated Woodpecker, who's the huge one, probably the kind Woody Woodpecker is and uh, they did call him a my God or a Lord God down here because Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: the story is that when you see them, you say my God, that's the biggest bird I ever #1 saw, you know. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Is that what, what you would call it or? 863: No, I'd call him a Pileated Woodpecker. Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called a peckerwood? 863: Yes. Uh, I've heard it called that but it isn't anything that I would call it and I really think I've not so much heard it called that as read Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 it. # Interviewer: Read it called a? 863: A peckerwood, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the word peckerwood or used about people? 863: Well, in quite a bad sense. Interviewer: What would it mean? 863: Oh you really wouldn't wanna know. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah I would. 863: Well, it has to do with a part of the male anatomy. Interviewer: Did, you heard someone call? 863: No, I've read it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What'd you read it in? 863: It was in a, I think it was in a a book maybe, let's see, I think the first time I ever ran across it because I don't read much of the pornographic literature, except occasionally if it's well written, happened to be in a book about Shanghai Pierce, and he was discussing, uh, his daughter's marriage to a #1 young # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: cowboy. Interviewer: You heard it, uh, with the word wood or do you hear 863: I don't Interviewer: #1 pecker or # 863: #2 remember # Interviewer: peckerwood or? 863: I, I just know that I've heard it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: used that way. Interviewer: And, a kind of black and white animal that's got a real strong smell? 863: Skunk. Or a polecat. Interviewer: Is that #1 the same thing? # 863: #2 Either one. # Same thing. Interviewer: And, say, if some animals had been coming and killing your chickens, um, what general, you didn't know exactly what kind of animal it was, what general 863: Probably a wolf down here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Predator, you're talking about but it's probably a wolf down here, other places it might be a weasel. Interviewer: Do you ever hear a general name for animals like that? Do you ever hear varmints? 863: Oh yeah, but varmints are also things like rats. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Varmints are any, uh, unpleasant animal that does damage to you, whether it's to your crops or to your stock. Interviewer: Would it be a mouse? Would that be a varmint? 863: Yes, a mouse could be a varmint. Interviewer: And, a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 863: You mean a squirrel? Interviewer: What different kinds of squirrels? 863: Well, there are grey squirrels and brown squirrels and tree squirrels and uh, Interviewer: What is a 863: #1 There is # Interviewer: #2 tree # 863: a ground squirrel in other parts of Texas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What does a tree squirrel look like? 863: Well, there's one out in the back yard. In fact, there are about ten or twelve out there but, you know, it's just a nice little grey fellow that runs up and #1 down with his # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: long bushy tail. There are also flying squirrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Can a ground squirrel climb trees? 863: I expect he probably can. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what different kinds of fish do people get around here? 863: Catfish, trout, bass, perch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, #1 Lots # Interviewer: #2 What about # 863: more, mackerel You talking bout river fish or, or, uh, Interviewer: Well, both. 863: Well, you get, uh, course trout and mackerel, um, out in the gulf, bass, flounder, red fish, red snapper, Interviewer: What else do they get from the gulf besides fish? 863: Shrimp. Interviewer: Hmm? 863: Shrimp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Crabs. Interviewer: What about something that pearls grow in? 863: Well, oysters are not so much out in the gulf. The oysters are in the bay but yes we have lots of oyster Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: or we did before the dreg just did so much damage. Now they've closed down the dredging we'll probably have better oyster reefs. Interviewer: And, something that you'd find in a freshwater stream? It looks kinda like a lobster. 863: Down here we call them crawfish. Interviewer: And something that's got a hard shell, it can pull it's neck and legs into it's shell? 863: Turtle. Interviewer: Does the turtle stay on land or water? 863: Well, I think they can do both. We have some terrapin that are strictly land turtles that do not go into the water but I think nearly all the water turtles can come out on land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, something you'd hear making a, um, croaking noise around a lake at night? 863: You mean a frog? Interviewer: What do you call the big ones? 863: Bullfrogs. Interviewer: And the tiny ones? 863: Leap frogs, maybe, or just little frogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the ones that get up in the trees? 863: Well, they're tree frogs. Croak whenever it's gonna rain. Interviewer: And, the kind that stays on land? 863: Hop toads, probably. Toads. #1 We have # Interviewer: #2 And, # 863: lots of garden toads, we, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: hop toads is just a, I don't know, it's just something, probably, that I picked up in my own family. Interviewer: Say, if you wanted to go fishing, what would you dig up to go fishing with? 863: Worms. Interviewer: Any different kinds, or? 863: Well, some people call them angleworms, with me it woulds just be earthworm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, I've dug them up for my son to go fishing with and with some regret because they're so good for the soil. Interviewer: {NW} What about a kind of fish you could use for bait? 863: Well, little, little minnows. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, a kind of insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into it? 863: Moth? Interviewer: Huh? 863: Moth. Interviewer: If you're talking about several of those? 863: Moths. Interviewer: And, an insect that has a light in its tail? 863: Lightning bug. Or a firefly. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 863: Same thing. Interviewer: And, something that would bite you and make you itch? 863: Mosquito. Interviewer: And, a tiny red insect? 863: Red bug. Interviewer: And something 863: Chigger, also. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Chigger, also. Interviewer: Which would you probably call it? 863: Well, I would call it a red bug except that you call it a chigger bite. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 863: And they're interchangeable and, uh, everybody calls them both. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, I, there's just really no difference. Interviewer: Say, if you hadn't cleaned a room in a while up in the ceiling, in the corner, you might find a? 863: A spider web. Interviewer: Would you call it the same thing if it's outside #1 across a bush? # 863: #2 Yep. # Interviewer: And, a kind of insect that's got a long, thin body and hard beak, and two pairs of wings? Would be around damp places? 863: A long, thin body and a hard beak? Interviewer: Yeah. And it's got two pairs of real shiny wings. It's about this size. It's supposed to eat mosquitoes and 863: You mean a mosquito hawk or Interviewer: Okay. 863: dragonfly, either one. Interviewer: That's the same insect? 863: Yes. Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called a snake doctor? Or a snake fever? 863: Yes, and uh, witch's horse or several other things but only rarely. Uh, actually, I think everybody just refers to them either as a dragonfly or a or a mosquito hawk here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Those are just the two main terms. Interviewer: And an insect that hops around in the grass? 863: A cricket perhaps or a Interviewer: Or a little? 863: Grasshopper? Interviewer: Do you ever heard them called hoppergrass? 863: No. Interviewer: And what kinds of insects will sting you? 863: Bees. Wasps. Interviewer: What about something that builds a nest like this? 863: Hornets? Interviewer: And, little yellow and black striped insect? Kind of like a bee or a wasp? Do you ever hear of a yellow? 863: Oh, yellow jackets, yes, but I kind of, I kind of of, uh, classify them as a wasp. Are they not? Interviewer: Mm-mm. I think they're kind of like 863: They're, yellow jackets are just a particular wasp, as far as I'm concerned, but, I mean, this is not {NW} not {X} far as the, botanists are concerned, of a, what have you. Interviewer: Where do they build their nests? 863: Yellow jackets, I think, up under the eves of houses and things like that, sometimes in trees. Interviewer: What about 863: I think they attach theirs from the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: top, and make, what I call, a wasp's nest. You know, a yellow jacket's nest is just a wasp's nest for me and the hornets, course, come more all the way around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Something that builds a nest out of dirt or mud? 863: Dirt dauber. Interviewer: Do they sting? 863: Yes, I think they can but I, uh, uh, yes, I think they can sting. Interviewer: And, the part of the tree that grows under the ground is called the? 863: The roots. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 863: Oh yes. Interviewer: Do you remember what any of them were? 863: I think sassafras root is used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, oh my, quite a lot are, probably, used uh, sassafras just comes to mind. I probably could think of some more in a minute. But anyway, Interviewer: What about the kind of tree that you tap for syrup? 863: Maple. Interviewer: And a big group of those? Growing together? Would be a? 863: I suppose you could call it a maple grove. Do they call it a copse or something else? You know, we don't have maples much down here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What different kinds of trees do y'all have down here? 863: Oh, of course, the main one is oaks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: We have lots of oaks but then you have some of the other, uh, trees, like the walnut and uh, not cherry though. Uh, we have um, a lot of these little things like tallows and of course pines. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: All kinds of pines. We have um, hickory. I'm trying to think, other than the things that have been brought in by people, you know, I can name you all these lovely flowers and trees around here but they're not native. Interviewer: What are some of the flowering trees around here? 863: Well, we'll have the mimosa and, and various, there's, um, uh, golden shower's trees. These are all flowering trees that you order and they, they #1 grow # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: very well but they were not native here. Interviewer: What about a tree that's got big white flowers and 863: Magnolias of course. Interviewer: And, a tree that it's got um, long, white limbs and white scaly bark you can, sort of, peel off? 863: Well, we don't have birch down here but I'll tell you what we have that looks almost the same thing is sycamore. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, kind of a a bush or shrub that's got pink or white flowers? Blooms in late spring? 863: You talking bout an azalea? Interviewer: Or, well, larger than that? 863: Pink and white flowers. Other than the fruit trees, you're talking about? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Well, of course, we have down here, now, the only kind of cherries and, and peaches you're gonna have mostly are flowering but, uh, you get various and you can get the crab apple. But, again, they mostly just flower, they don't bear much fruit down in this part but you have a lot of, uh, pink and white both, I think on the um, plum. And, and our main fruit trees, really, are the plum and the um, pears. And then we, of course, have a lot of figs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Things like that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of something called a spoonwood or a spoonhunt or 863: No. Interviewer: mountain laurel or? 863: Mountain laurel, I've heard of but we don't have it here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about 863: Now, there's a mountain laurel, of course we, we don't have rhododendrons here, we have azaleas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But not the rhododendrons. Those will grow mostly in the east, where there's a little bit of, uh, elevation. Now, there's a Texas mountain laurel but it's entirely different and has a lavender flower. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It's not the same thing as your eastern mountain laurel at all. Interviewer: What's the difference between a mountain laurel and a rhododendron? 863: I suspect, only, a slight difference in species. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Along the way. Interviewer: And, 863: They're all the same sort of thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Kind of shrub that, uh, the leaves turn bright red, and it's got clusters of berries on it? 863: That the leaves turn right, right red. You know, again, you're talking to someone in a part of the country that very rarely has freezes and we don't have very many pretty colors. But if your talk- but holly doesn't turn #1 red # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: so it isn't that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of sumac or shoemake? 863: Mm-hmm. It grows along the sides of the road, not #1 so much # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: down here but, say, from Nacogdoches on up around Tyler and along that. Interviewer: You, what would you call that? 863: Sumac. Interviewer: And, what different kinds of berries would, well, grow around here or would you buy at the store here? 863: Well, of course, we have blackberries, and dewberries, and young berries, which are all about the same kid of berries. {NW} No raspberries down here, uh, got your strawberries no blueberries down here. We get, uh, mayhaws, which you probably don't get in many other parts of the country but they grow on a tree and in the swamps and they fall down on the water and people go and get them and, oh, they make good jelly. #1 And that's # Interviewer: #2 What about # 863: the main berries. Interviewer: Say, if you saw some berries and didn't know what kind they were, you'd tell someone, you better not eat those, they might be? 863: Poisonous. Interviewer: And what kind of bushes or vines will make your skin break out? 863: {NW} Well, we have the, um, bull nettles, and the poison ivy, and poison oak here. {NS} Want to turn it off? Interviewer: Poison oak. How do you 863: Poison ivy and poison oak. Interviewer: How do you tell the difference? 863: The different leaves. Interviewer: What, what do they look like? 863: Well, the poison ivy has, uh, the three leaves it's a traditional and the poison oak has this little bit different leaf and it doesn't grow in threes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something, she'd say, well, I have to ask? 863: My husband. Interviewer: And he'd say I have to ask? 863: My wife. Interviewer: Any joking ways that refer to each other? 863: I'm sure there are but it's not so much regional as something they're picking up on television, you know, you can call them now, the old woman or the old lady or the war department or what have you. Interviewer: And, a woman whose husband is dead is called a? 863: Widow. Interviewer: And, if he just left her, then she'd be a? 863: In a mess. {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression grass widow? 863: Grass widow has always been referred to, in my hearing, as one who is divorced. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the man whose child you are, is called your? 863: My father. Interviewer: And his wife is your? 863: My mother. Interviewer: And together, they're your? 863: Parents. Interviewer: Um, what did people call their father and mother? 863: You mean beside mother, and daddy, and things like that? They call them the folks. Wi-, this is one in my family, we always call them the folks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, or going off to Houston, the folks are back or something like that. Interviewer: And, your father's father would be your? 863: My grandfather. Interviewer: What did you call him? Or what would people call 863: Granddaddy. Interviewer: And, his wife would be your? 863: Grandmother. Interviewer: And, you'd call her? 863: Grandmother. Interviewer: And, something on wheels that you can put a baby in, and it will lie down? 863: Carriage. Interviewer: You put the baby in the carriage and then you go out and? 863: Push the carriage, I guess. Interviewer: And, if you had two children, you might have a son and a? 863: Daughter. Interviewer: Or a boy and a? 863: Girl. Interviewer: And Bob is five inches taller this year. You'd say, in one year, Bob? 863: Has grown. Interviewer: Or he? 863: Really shot up. Interviewer: Or he what? 863: Sprouted up, even, but mostly shot up or he grew up a lot. Or he's gotten taller. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, if a child is misbehaving, you'd tell them, if you do that again, you're gonna get a? 863: A whipping. Interviewer: Anything else you'd 863: Or a spanking, with me it would probably be a spanking. Interviewer: Which would be worse? 863: Well, a whipping, I think, would involve a whip. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Perhaps, a switch, but I think that I always called it a spanking was what you did with your hand Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: and a switching was what you did with a little switch out there and it was very effective Interviewer: {NW} 863: and a whipping would be something very bad, I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I don't think I ever whipped my children. They did get some spankings. Interviewer: And, if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has and the same shape nose, you'd say that he? 863: You'd probably say that he's the spitting-image. Interviewer: Okay. 863: #1 That's a good, # Interviewer: #2 Or he? # 863: old term. Interviewer: He 863: #1 But # Interviewer: #2 what? # 863: he looks like his father or he resembles his father? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, if a woman was gonna have a child, you'd say that she's? 863: Expecting. Or she is pregnant. Interviewer: Did people used to use the term pregnant much? Or did that sound a little 863: No, I don't think they used to use it very much but they do now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What did people used to say? 863: Expecting. Or in a family way, I've heard that #1 it isn't # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: anything I've ever used but I've heard it, when I was a child, said that way. Interviewer: Any joking expressions or vulgar expressions? 863: Oh I'm sure there are but I don't think I use them. Interviewer: And, if you didn't have a doctor to deliver a baby, the woman you could send for? 863: Would have been a midwife. Interviewer: And, a child that's born to a woman that's not married, would be called a? 863: Illegitimate or a bastard. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a wood colt or a bush child or anything like that? 863: Yes, but not, no not really not around here, I've, I've, I think I've more read that. #1 You know? # Interviewer: #2 Which? # 863: I, I've never heard anyone call them that around #1 here. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: It's just something that you've read in literature. Interviewer: Which terms have you read? 863: Both. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, you brother's son would be called your? 863: My nephew. Interviewer: And, the child that's lost both parents would be a? 863: An orphan. Interviewer: And, the person that's supposed to look after the orphan would be his legal? 863: Guardian. Interviewer: And, if you have a lot of cousins, and nephews, and nieces around, you'd say, this town if full of my? 863: Family. Or my kin. Interviewer: And, you'd say, well she 863: Or relatives, either one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Any of them. Interviewer: She has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we are no? 863: Kin. Interviewer: And, someone who comes into town, and nobody has ever seen them before? 863: Stranger. Interviewer: What if he came from a different country? 863: Be a foreigner then, I suppose. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word foreigner about someone who was a stranger but who wasn't from a different country? 863: No, I wouldn't. Interviewer: And, a woman who conducts school would be a? 863: Schoolmistress or a teacher. Interviewer: And, the name of the mother of Jesus? 863: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington's wife? 863: Martha. Interviewer: And do you remember a song, um, it started out, wait 'til the sun shines 863: Nellie. Interviewer: And, a male goat is called a? 863: Billy. Interviewer: And, a boy nicknamed Billy, his full name would be? 863: William, probably. Interviewer: And, if your father had a brother by that name, you'd call him? 863: Probably Uncle Bill. Interviewer: Or, if you use the full name? 863: Uncle William. Interviewer: And, President Kennedy's first name was? 863: John. Interviewer: And if you your father had a brother by that name? 863: He would be Uncle John. Interviewer: And, the first book in the New Testament? In the Bible? 863: Matthew. Interviewer: And, the name of the wife of Abraham? 863: Sarah? Interviewer: And, what they used to call a barrel maker? 863: Cooper. Interviewer: And a married woman with that last name would be? 863: mrs Cooper. Interviewer: And, what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 863: Your mother's sister would be your aunt. Interviewer: And, say a preacher that's not very well-trained, just sort of preaches here and there, and he's not very good at preaching? You'd call him a? 863: I w- Interviewer: Say a preacher that's not very well-trained, just sort of preaches here and there makes his living doing something else. You'd call him a? 863: Oh, I don't know. Part time. {NS} Or maybe even that old term jackleg, you know, which means anything that's not well done. Interviewer: What else would you use jackleg about besides a preacher? 863: Well, any job, it could be a carpenter job, or a plumbing job or anything that's, that's no well done or professionally done, you know, sort of haphazard. Interviewer: What about a mechanic? Would you call him a jackleg, or? 863: You could. Uh, What would I call a mechanic? I really, I really don't have a particular term. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a shade tree mechanic? 863: Yes, but that doesn't necessarily mean the same thing as jackleg. Uh, A shade tree is, probably, one who has his own uh, little business that's under the shade of a tree, in other words, he may not even have a a building but that doesn't necessarily mean that he's not a good one. Sometimes, a shade tree mechanic, if he has real natural ability, though he may not have any capital investment, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: is a better mechanic than some of them that have got some big, glossy buildings and hire some real jackleg mechanics, you know? Interviewer: Would you s- use the term shade tree about anything else beside mechanic? Or is that something you associate 863: Most of the time, I think, it had to do with fixing an automobiles under the shade of a tree. I really don't think I've ever heard it used with anything else. Interviewer: And, you'd say you throw a ball and ask somebody to? 863: Catch it? Interviewer: And I threw the ball and he? 863: I caught it or he caught it. Interviewer: And I've been fishing but I haven't? 863: Caught anything. Interviewer: And, you'd say he ran down the springboard and, what, into the water? 863: He dived into the water. Interviewer: And several children have? 863: Dived into the water. Interviewer: And he was to scared to? 863: To dive. Interviewer: And if you dive in and hit the water flat, you call that a? 863: Belly buster. Interviewer: And, say a child puts her head on the ground and rolls over, she turns a? 863: Somersault. Interviewer: And, you'd say he dived in and, what, across? 863: He swam across the pool. Interviewer: And several children have? 863: Have saw across the pool. Interviewer: And children like to? 863: They like to swim. Interviewer: And, if you don't know how to swim, you get in the water, you might? 863: You might drown. Interviewer: And yesterday, somebody? 863: Drowned. Interviewer: And, when they pulled him out, he had already? 863: Drowned. Interviewer: And, the highest rank in the army, would be? 863: General. Interviewer: And beneath a general? 863: {NW} Colonel. Interviewer: And, a person in charge of a ship? 863: Is generally a captain, could be an admiral. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the word captain used in other situations? 863: Oh yes, you have captains of industry. #1 I'm the # Interviewer: #2 What about # 863: captain of my fate. Interviewer: What about, um, say, colored people calling the man they worked for captain? Do you ever hear that? 863: Mostly colonel in the South. Interviewer: Was that very common? Addressing people as colonel? 863: Oh yes, everybody had the honorary title of colonel who had never been in the military. Interviewer: {NW} 863: We had one in our family. Colonel Avril. Never been in the military, and he was retired all of his life. But he was a very imposing figure, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: you know, fine head of white hair and fine, flowing, white beard and, everybody call him colonel. Interviewer: I guess it's just white people as, as well as colored people would call him 863: #1 Oh yes, # Interviewer: #2 colonel? # 863: everybody called him Colonel Avril. Interviewer: And, a person, um, who presides over the court, would be a? 863: judge. Interviewer: And someone who goes to school? 863: Student. Interviewer: And a woman who works in an office and does the typing? 863: Secretary. Interviewer: And a man on the stage would be an actor, a woman would be a? 863: Actress. Interviewer: And if you're born in the United States, you say your nationality is? 863: American. Interviewer: And, what different words were there for colored people? 863: Good and bad, you mean? Blacks. Negroes. I call them negroes but I notice that my aunt, and most of the older people in my family, always called them negras. It #1 always # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: ends in an a. The negras, you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, oh and there are a whole lot of terrible ones, like coons and things like that but I was educated not to ever call them anything, as a matter of a fact, I had my mouth washed out for saying nigger. That was #1 not # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: considered to be a nice word. Although, I certainly hear it a lot. Interviewer: What would, be the most uh, common term you would use? 863: Negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you, what about the term colored, or 863: #1 Well, yes # Interviewer: #2 black, do you? # 863: I use colored and, nowadays, I use black, because that's what they want. It's alright with me. Interviewer: What would you call a, um, real light-skinned negro? 863: Probably a mulatto or, maybe, a high yellow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: High yellow was a good term. Interviewer: And, 863: And, actually, that was one I picked up from colored people, themselves, not, ever, from whites. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: They always used to refer to them, and scornfully, as a high yellow. Interviewer: What about mulatto? Does that 863: Mulatto, mm-hmm. Interviewer: mean that their, one parent's white, or does it 863: Well, it means that they have white blood in them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a real dark-skinned negro? 863: Well, just a real black one. Interviewer: No special names? 863: Probably are, and I can't think of what they are. Interviewer: And someone of our race, we'd call? 863: We'd probably call them white Interviewer: Any other terms for whites? 863: Well, caucasian but that's not a term, if you say what #1 race # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 863: are you, I say white. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Because that's generally the term that you find on any papers that, uh, you have to like your license or your what have you. {NS} Interviewer: And, white people that, um, you sort of look down on, they, they don't have any money or any education but they don't want to seem to do anything for themselves. They 863: Well, there was a good ol' Southern term, again, something that I never heard from my parents or any member of my family but picked up from colored people who, again, looked down on them and called them poor white trash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Only, you pronounce it poor white trash. Interviewer: Is, that term, poor white trash, used um, by white people ever? 863: Yes. Interviewer: But it was just something that 863: But we were, we just had the kind of family that were never #1 allowed to use # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: that because it was not considered nice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other 863: Yes, I've heard it a lot. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Any other terms that, um, blacks would use for whites that they look down on? 863: Lots of them, and as a matter of fact, discussing it with my maid this morning, and she said that peckerwood was something that colored people, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: uh, referred to whites and that was first time I'd heard it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And uh, I'm sure they had a lot of them besides the whitey that's current now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But, you know, I really don't know what they all are. Interviewer: What would you call, um, someone that lives way out in the country and doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town, you can tell immediately that 863: A hick or a hayseed. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 863: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: {NS} And, the French people in Louisiana are called? 863: The Cajuns. Interviewer: Any other names? 863: Mostly just Cajuns and, of course, it's supposed to be short for Acadians but nobody ever says Acadian, they always say Cajun. Interviewer: What about a joking name or sort of a crude-sounding name? 863: Well, I really don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the term coonie or #1 coonhead? # 863: #2 Oh yes. # Oh yes. I've heard those. Interviewer: How would those be used? 863: Usually by one talking about another {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Uh, really, as a matter of a fact, because we were never allowed to call names and really I had to grow up and read books before I ever heard such things as wop or kike or any of those things. These were not terms that I ever used but I think it was, perhaps, the gentile society that I was brought up in and perhaps we were protected from some of those things like knowledge of other things that go on. We didn't know that a {X} place existed. But I do know that in a lower economic level that these things are quite commonly #1 used, # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: I mean we were, we were sort of insulated against it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And I had to find it out, much later. Usually, by reading. Since then I've heard people call them, for instance, I know a good Cajun friend who's very successful and owns his own business and he'll say, an old coon-ass like me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know, well, I wouldn't call him that for anything in this world, if he wants to call himself that, it's alright. But I know that he is referred to it and has been referred to it but he would, he wouldn't hate, he wouldn't like it either if he weren't #1 so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: successful. He calls himself that without really believing he's that, {NW} you see. {NS} #1 But I've heard # Interviewer: #2 What about # 863: the terms. Interviewer: Any other terms for, any special terms for Mexicans? People of Mexican descent? 863: Oh yeah, I've heard them called spics which of course was for speaking Spanish and, and Mexes and we, Tex-Mex was, something we used to use a lot of and greasers. Again, these were things that I never used but, uh, I've heard those. I've heard people talk about them. Usually, the people who use most of those terrible nicknames are the people in an economic class nearer to them or who consider themselves, they're the Archie Bunkers. Uh, they're, I was just never allowed to use those things. Interviewer: Does Tex-Mex seem derogatory or? Is that a 863: Yes, in a way, uh, for instance, if you, if someone says do you speak Spanish, you say, oh, a little Tex-Mex, meaning, I speak some words of Spanish but had, sort of devoid of grammar. {NW} Uncontaminated by grammar, you know? That sort of thing and, perhaps, in the same way that you would say Cockney for English or something #1 like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: that, not necessarily bad but not necessarily good either. Interviewer: What about the term chicano? 863: That's brand new. Chicano, uh, this is something they've invented in the last five years. Never heard Chicano. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does it seem derogatory to you or does it 863: No, because I think it's something they've made up to call themselves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, say if you were at a party and you look at your watch and see that it's around eleven thirty or so, you'd say, well we better be getting home it's, what, midnight? 863: Nearly midnight. Interviewer: And, if you were, if it was kind of icy outside, you'd say, well, that ice is hard to walk on. I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I? 863: Nearly fell, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you ever say, I liked to? 863: No. Interviewer: Have you heard it? 863: Oh yes, all the time but again, you're talking to someone who's been educated and, and and you don't use that. Interviewer: {NS} How, well how have you heard people use that? 863: Oh, I like to have fallen, I like to have died, you know, I was #1 so scared # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 863: that I like to have died or something like that, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: This isn't anything that I would ordinarily say because it's just not within my ordinary speaking Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: patterns but, uh, yes, you hear them all the time. But I don't always pick up these things. I hear them and know what they are but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I don't pick them up. Interviewer: And, say if someone is waiting on you to get ready to go somewhere calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon you say, I'll be with you in? 863: In a moment. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Or in a minute. Interviewer: Or in ju- 863: Or in just a minute, mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, you'd say, um, if I ask you, um, when are y'all going to Houston, you might say, well, right now we're, what to go next week? 863: Right now? Interviewer: As things stand now, were 863: Or as things stand now which, really, isn't exactly what I'd say We're planning to go next week #1 would # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 863: be Interviewer: Do you ever say we're aiming to go or #1 we're fixing # 863: #2 No. # Interviewer: to go? 863: No. Interviewer: Did 863: Occasionally I said fixing but it's almost always, again, like, the same way I'd use ain't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It's not a speech pattern as, as hamming it up a little bit. Interviewer: When you say 863: But yes, I hear it all the time. Interviewer: With fixing, um, do you get the impression that it's something immediate or could it be a couple of weeks away? 863: Probably more immediate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I was just fixing to do my hair, something like this, you know. Uh, it, it, it would be something that they're just preparing to do right now or just getting ready to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I think fixing would be in the term of just getting ready to. Interviewer: And, say if there was something bad that you expected to happen like a child's walking along the top of a fence. You expect them to fall off, then someone comes in and tells you he's fallen of. You say, well I just? 863: I knew it was gonna happen. Interviewer: And, you'd say, well, he wasn't actually gonna get his little brother but he doubled up his fist and he, what, he was gonna hit him? #1 If he mean # 863: #2 He wasn't. # Interviewer: he pretended, you'd say he? 863: You're trying to say made out like but I would, yeah, I might've said that but I would probably have said pretended, I might have said made out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Probably not. {NW} Interviewer: #1 What # 863: #2 But # Interviewer: about acting? Would? 863: Acting as if though he was going to hit him? Probably not. I think that's a little bit awkward. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, this part of my head is called my? 863: Your forehead. Interviewer: And, this is the? 863: Your hair? Interviewer: And on a man? Hair here would be a? 863: Beard. Interviewer: And this is my? 863: Ear. Interviewer: Which one? 863: Left ear. Interviewer: And this is the? 863: Right ear. Interviewer: {NS} And, this whole thing? 863: Your mouth. Interviewer: And, 863: Your throat. Interviewer: Or the whole thing? 863: Your neck? Interviewer: Any other names for throat? 863: No. Interviewer: What about goozle? 863: No. Interviewer: Do you ever hear that? 863: No. {NW} Interviewer: And these are the 863: Your teeth. Interviewer: And one? 863: Tooth. Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth? 863: Your lips? Or your gums. Interviewer: And, this is one? 863: Hand. Interviewer: Two. 863: Hands. Interviewer: And this is the? 863: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: And one? 863: Fist. Interviewer: Two. 863: Two fists. Interviewer: And, a place where the bones come together? 863: Joints. Interviewer: And on a man, this part of his body is? 863: Chest. Interviewer: And these are the? 863: Shoulders. Interviewer: And this is my? 863: Knee. Or your leg. Interviewer: One. 863: Foot. Interviewer: Two. 863: Feet. Interviewer: And, say if I get down in this position 863: You're kneeling. Or you're squatting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other ways of saying that besides squatting? 863: {NW} Knee bend. {NW} Uh. Interviewer: Do you ever h- 863: Squat is what I would use. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say, you're down on you're haunches or hunkers? 863: Hunkered down? {NW} Yes, but I always think of that as a, something more Western {NW} and, or, or sometimes, perhaps, even more Indian people who use that as a regular Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 863: #2 posture. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And, uh, when I do it I'm just squatting down and it's something temporary you know, to pick up something, to weed, to do something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Hunkering down, sort of gives me the impression, and I think it's because it's mostly something I've read that But you're down there and that's the way you are going to stay while you're eating or you're doing something, that's Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: That's a normal position, for instance, like sitting down would be for me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I don't know if that's a correct impression or not but that's the one I have. Interviewer: {NW} And, this sens- 863: But I wouldn't use it, I wouldn't Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 863: #2 say # hunker down unless I were trying to write something, um, if I were writing a short story about a cowboy or an Indian I might use Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 it. # Only because I think of it in that context. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This sensitive bone here? 863: Shin? Interviewer: And, say if someone had been sick for a while, you'd say, well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit? 863: Peaked. Interviewer: And someone who's in good shape, you'd say he's big and? 863: Strong. Interviewer: What if he's getting a little bit overweight? You'd say he's? 863: Husky, probably. Interviewer: Okay. What about stout? Do you have 863: Stout. But, you know, stout almost always goes with a woman and a girdle. {NS} Or a corset, you know, isn't that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: funny. But I would think of a man as husky. And, yet, I would not say that a woman is husky. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word stout talking about butter that was turning #1 bad? # 863: #2 No. # Interviewer: And, someone who's always smiling, doesn't lose his temper you'd say that he 863: Even tempered. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or if he's easy to get along with, you'd say he's? What kind of person? 863: Oh, agreeable. Ah, easy-going. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone like a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs? 863: Gangly. Interviewer: What if he's always stumbling and dropping things? 863: Awkward, anyway, Uh. Maybe accident prone. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense? You say, he's just a plain? 863: Fool, probably, or a Interviewer: How's 863: I don't know. Interviewer: How's the word fool sound to you? Is that? How insulting is that? 863: Mildly, if any. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: because this is something you can say to someone if, uh, if you think what you are doing is foolish, uh, oh you're a fool to do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: You know. Interviewer: And the person wouldn't really get? 863: No. Interviewer: And, someone who has a lot of #1 money # 863: #2 and if you # got really angry and told them they were a damned fool, they might. But Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Probably not. It's a, it's a mild word. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Or to me. Interviewer: Someone who has a lot of money but really hangs onto his money? Won't spend any of it, you'd call him a? 863: Miser, perhaps. Interviewer: Any other 863: Maybe even just a {X}. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} And, when you say that a person is common, what does that mean? 863: Probably without any refinement or graces. Interviewer: How would you use it? 863: I would use it derogatorily. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I would consider it if I said, oh, she's very common, I would mean that she really just didn't have any refinement, perhaps no education no, uh, graces, perhaps, not many morals. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does it have a different meaning when you're talking about a girl being common? Than, you know, if you just 863: Well, if you talk about the common man, you're talking in generalities and, uh, you're talking about the average man. If you say a girl is common, yes, that's different from saying he's a common man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does it have sort of a um, more referring to 863: Morals, maybe? Interviewer: Yeah. 863: I think that's part of it. Interviewer: And, say an older person, maybe in their eighties, still gets around real well 863: Spry. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Active, also. Interviewer: And, say a child was saying, well I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark, I'm? 863: I'm afraid of the dark. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd say, well, I don't see why she's afraid now, she 863: Wasn't afraid yesterday? Or? Interviewer: Okay but using the expression, 'used to be'? You'd say she? 863: Used to be afraid? Yes I'd say used to be. Interviewer: Or if it's the opposite of that? I don't see why she's afraid now, she? 863: Never was before. I don't think I'd say didn't used to be, if that's what Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: That's, I've heard this but I don't think I'd say it now. I do say used to be but wouldn't say didn't used to be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, I don't know why I would make that distinction but I think used to be is something that you pick up Uh, you know, you used to say that she used to live next door to me and #1 we used to # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: be good friends. Interviewer: But you wouldn't say 863: But I wouldn't say we used to be good friends. I'd say we were never good friends. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: You see? I don't know why but I don't use it in the negative when I do use it in the #1 positive # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: affirmative. Interviewer: And, say if your children were out later than usual, you'd say, well, I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little? 863: Worried. Interviewer: Or a little? 863: Apprehensive. Scared. Interviewer: Or you wouldn't feel #1 easy about it. # 863: #2 Frightened. # Yeah, I'm not easy, I'm uneasy. Interviewer: And, someone else would say, well, they'll be home alright, just don't? 863: Fret. Interviewer: Or don't? 863: Don't worry. Interviewer: And someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and goes outside and doesn't even bother to lock the door. You'd say, he's mighty? What, with his money? 863: Careless. {NS} Interviewer: Huh? {NS} 863: Careless. Interviewer: And, you'd say, there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzie, but sometimes she acts kind of? 863: Strange. Interviewer: Any other #1 expressions? # 863: #2 Oh yes. # {NW} Depends on who Aunt Lizzie is. I guess just strange would be Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say queer or queer? 863: Queer yes, but uh, queer, really, uh, has a meaning to me that, um, that they're really a little bit beyond the normal pale. And uh, I probably wouldn't say this about Aunt Lizzie unless Aunt Lizzie were really very strange indeed. {NW} Uh, I hate the words too, they are using them all now for, for homosexual or something. I hate the use of the word gay for that because that was such a happy word. But I think I probably wouldn't say it, course nowadays, under the influence of my children, I might say they were weird. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Does 863: But I think I would've said strange but I've heard people say queer and of course there's the good ol' thing about the two old sisters who were quakers and one said, sister I think all the world is queer but thee and me and sometimes I think thee's a little queer too. Interviewer: {NW} Did 863: But I wouldn't use it, probably. Interviewer: When did the word, queer, start being used to mean homosexual? Has it always had that meaning? 863: Yes, we used to talk about queers {NW} along with pansies and fairies when I was, say, in high school and college. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Gay, of course, is the one that's only come to mean that, in what, about the last five years. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And I'm having a terrible time expunging that delightful word from my {NW} {NW} from my vocabulary because it means like, our hearts were young and gay meaning happy and almost carefree? Interviewer: {NW} 863: {NW} Spoiling a perfectly delightful word like that, terrible. I like it better when they were queer. Interviewer: And, someone who makes up his own mind and then you can't argue with him? He's gonna do things 863: Stubborn and hardheaded. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone that you can't joke with without him losing his temper. Someone who's just sensitive? You'd say that he's? 863: Humorless? Serious? Interviewer: Or, say something 863: Dull. {NW} Interviewer: If something had happened 863: A square. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Something had happened to embarrass him you say, well, don't tease him about that subject, he's still a little bit? 863: More sensitive. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But sensitive can mean good things too. Interviewer: Do you ever 863: Sensitive can mean sensing other people's moods and, and understanding and that sort of thing. It can mean {NW} a real awareness of nature, not necessarily just being thin-skinned. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Thin-skinned is the kind of sensitive that that question would Interviewer: Do you ever use the terms touches or touchy or? 863: Touchy, yes. Interviewer: And, you'd say 863: Mostly saying, not so much that a person is touchy but that a subject is very touchy with them Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 you know. # Interviewer: {NS} And you'd say, well I was just kidding him, I didn't know he'd get so 863: Upset. Interviewer: Or, all of a sudden, he got really? 863: Angry? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And, if someone's about to lose their temper, you'd tell them, now just? 863: Calm down. Interviewer: And, if you had been working very hard, you'd say you were very? 863: Tired. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 863: Worn out? Mostly tired. Interviewer: And, say if the person had been well and then, suddenly, you hear that they've got some disease, you'd say, well, yesterday they were fine, when was it that they? 863: Discovered they were sick or? Interviewer: #1 Or? # 863: #2 Became # ill or what have you. Interviewer: Or when was it that they, what, sick? When was it that they? 863: Got sick. Interviewer: And, if a person went outside in bad weather and came in sneezing and everything, you'd say he? 863: Catching a cold. Interviewer: Or if that had happened yesterday, he? 863: Caught a cold? Interviewer: And, if he couldn't talk right, he sounded? 863: Hoarse. Interviewer: And, {NS} if you do that you have #1 a? # 863: #2 He # coughed. Interviewer: Huh? 863: He had a cough, huh? Interviewer: And, is someone was, um shot and didn't recover, you'd say, well, the doctor did all he could but still the man 863: Died. Interviewer: Any nicer ways of saying died? 863: Oh yes, you can pass away. That's probably the most you can you say that we are so sorry you lost your dear one, that sort of thing. Passed away is probably the most common. Or the one I'd think of first. Interviewer: What about a crude or joking way of saying that? 863: Um, kicked off, you mean, or kick Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 the bucket. # Yeah. Interviewer: And, you'd say, he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died? 863: Of. Interviewer: And, a place where people are buried? 863: Cemetery. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 863: Graveyard. Interviewer: And, what they put the body in? 863: Grave. Interviewer: Or? 863: Casket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, any other names? 863: Coffin. Interviewer: Which of those terms would you probably use? Is it cemetery or graveyard or? 863: I think I would use them interchangeably and probably depending upon the, the uh, when you are actually talking about the funeral, itself, and you're thinking about the services and everything, casket is what you think of because I think that's what the funeral directors like to call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But coffin is an older term and, uh, and I think you would always refer to the, the pine box that people used to be laid in as a Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 coffin. # Whereas, the fancy things that come away now go along with their own #1 language # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: it's a casket but either one is, is very much interchangeable today. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the ceremony is called the? 863: The funeral services. Interviewer: And, if people 863: Or the funeral. Interviewer: if people are dressed in black, you say that they're in? 863: Mourning. Interviewer: And, {NS} say a bee stung me in my hand if it got bigger, you'd say my hand? 863: Swelled. Interviewer: And it's still pretty badly? 863: Swollen. Interviewer: And if a bee stings you, your hand will? 863: Swell. Interviewer: And, a sore that comes to a head is called a? 863: Pimple or boil. Interviewer: And, the stuff that drains out? 863: Puss. Interviewer: And in a blister, the stuff that drains out? 863: Oh, I don't know. Fluid. It's, uh, I really don't know. Interviewer: Just that clear liquid. 863: Oh, I don't know, I really don't know that I've ever called it, my, my blister popped, you know, and uh, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: it does come out but I don't know whether I have a term for it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called humor or water? 863: Probably water. Interviewer: And, someone who can't hear anything at all, you'd say that 863: He's deaf. Interviewer: And if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet, you'd say, look how much I 863: Perspired or sweated. {NW} Man, he's probably sweated. {NW} Interviewer: If someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the 863: Wound. Interviewer: And if a wound doesn't heal back right, it gets sort of a skinless growth? 863: You mean it's infected or? Interviewer: Well, something that's 863: Gangrenous or something like Interviewer: No, it's gotta be cut out or burned out. If you had horses, um, I think a lot of times horses will get this on their leg or something. 863: Sores, you're talking about. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of some kind of flesh? 863: Proud flesh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What is that exactly? 863: {NS} I think proud flesh is probably the, the, the place that dies that really isn't healing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And some of that time, that has to be removed and it may even be the same thing as gangrenous or something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Again I, I'm not quite sure. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: It's an impression. Interviewer: And, and say if you had a cut on your finger, a brown liquid medicine that stings 863: Iodine. Interviewer: And a real bitter medicine people used to take? 863: Cast, nah, no not Castor oil they, they took, well they took sulfur and molasses What'd they take? Uh, Quinine, would be bitter. Interviewer: And say on an average sort of day if someone ask you how you're feeling you'd say 863: Fine. Interviewer: And when you're getting older your joints start hurting 863: You're arthritic? Interviewer: Or you call that what? 863: Arthritis. Interviewer: Any other names? 863: The old term used to be lumbago and always the colored people that worked for you had the misery. Interviewer: {NW} 863: And misery was anything. Interviewer: {NW} Just any? Compl- 863: I think mostly misery generally was with something like arthritis or neuritis or something like that. Interviewer: And, this is a disease that children use to get and die from They'd get a really bad sore throat Blisters inside their throat and they'd choke up. 863: Diphtheria. Interviewer: And a disease where your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 863: Yellow fever? Interviewer: Or? It's 863: Jaundice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And when you have a pain down here and have to have an operation? 863: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Any old fashioned names for that? 863: For appendicitis? No I don't think so. Interviewer: And, something that you do every day if I ask you, do you do it often you'd say yes, I? #1 What? # 863: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: All the time. 863: I do it all the time. Interviewer: And, if you wanted to ask me whether he does that sort of thing, you'd ask me 863: Does he do it, everyday? Interviewer: #1 And, # 863: #2 I do it all the time. # Interviewer: I'd say I don't smoke but he 863: Does. Interviewer: And, you'd said well I don't know if he did that or not but people 863: Do. Interviewer: Or people? What, he did it? People. 863: People Do what or I'm sorry, I'm, I'm not Interviewer: I don't know whether he did it but people 863: Do it. Interviewer: Or they what he 863: Do not {X} Interviewer: You say people says he 863: People say he did it. Okay, okay. {NS} Interviewer: And, If I ask you if you know a person you might say, oh no I don't know him but I? 863: But I know people that do know him and I know of him? Okay. Interviewer: Do you ever say I heard tell of him? 863: Only jokingly. Again, like the use of ain't, when I when I know I mean I can say, oh I heard tell so and so is doing something but I'm, I'm being thought of cute when I Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 do it. # but I know that people do say it I mean you pick it up but it isn't something that I use unless I'm you know being corny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, Say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up, you'd say he had to 863: Threw up. Interviewer: Um, any other ways of saying threw up? 863: Yeah, vomited. Tossed his cookies. Interviewer: Which sounds the best and which sounds the 863: Threw up sounds best to me. {NW} Interviewer: What about a real crude way of saying that? 863: Um, a real crude way, you mean besides tossed his cookies? I don't, I don't know Interviewer: Do you ever hear puke or 863: Oh yeah, I've heard puke. Interviewer: How does that sound to you? 863: Crude. {NW} Just exactly as you said. Interviewer: And, if a person threw up, you'd say he was sick? 863: With his stomach. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Stick it, sick to his stomach. Interviewer: And, 863: And some people say sick too but I think I'd say sick at his stomach but I really I really think I'd just say he was nauseated so but I could say sick at his stomach. It would be at instead of Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 to though. # Interviewer: And, How would you use the words up or down or over, talking about location? Like you'd say I saw him, what? Houston last week, I saw him? 863: I saw him in Houston last week, I might say I went over to Houston last week. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Uh, Interviewer: Why would you say over? 863: Well, I think I would say it because I have a very good sense of direction and Houston is nearly on an east/west axis. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: I think I would go up to Nacodoches and over to Houston and down to Sabine Pass. Which is out here you, you understand? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, 863: But with me it's strictly a directional thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I'm thinking of up and down is north and east and south and west. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if a boy kept on going over to the same girl's house and like he was seriously interested in her? You'd say that he was? 863: Probably, in the old days we used to say courting. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Do you hear that nowadays? # 863: #2 But uh, # Most everybody is going steady or something like that. Courting is not very commonly used. More out in the country Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: You might still get courting up in, say, Nacodoches and not so much in Beaumont. Interviewer: And, he would be called her? 863: Steady. Boyfriend. Interviewer: And she would be his? 863: Girlfriend. Interviewer: And, if a boy comes home with lipstick on its collar, his little brother would say he had been? 863: Oh goodness. Nowadays, they wouldn't say the same thing, we used to say necking pecking. Smooching. I don't know what they say. Interviewer: And, 863: They've got new terms. Making out and a whole bunch of other things that I Interviewer: {NW} 863: Making out is something a little bit further along the line. Interviewer: When a girl stops letting the boy come over to see her you'd say that she? 863: They've broken up? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And he asks her to marry him but she? 863: Turned him down. Interviewer: And they were engaged and all of a sudden she? 863: Broke the engagement. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 863: No, mostly broken engagement, called it off. Interviewer: Do you ever hear jilted him or #1 Oh yes # 863: #2 gave him # jilted. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Oh yes, jilted. Interviewer: When would jilted be used? 863: Uh, Well, That would probably be if suddenly without any cause she just, suddenly said jilted him or went off with a jilted usually means that she found someone else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: So that you jilt someone for someone else. Just deciding that this is a mistake Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: is breaking it off and that's not the same thing as jilting. Jilting, usually, has this sort of uh, She's got to have been a little bit ugly to him or he's Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: been a little ugly to her he's something that that everybody else recognizes as not being quite fair are Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: quite nice, you know, it has a connotation of maybe a little hard-heartedness or, or or even the suddenness. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Does it could be at any stage, though, it could be #1 you know # 863: #2 not after # marriage. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Well, # 863: #2 No. # {NW} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 863: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Be left # 863: #2 Or # Just dating or left at the altar. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, if she didn't turn him down you'd say they went ahead and got? 863: Married. Any joking ways of saying that? Hitched. Interviewer: And, at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom? 863: The best man. Interviewer: And the woman stands up with the bride? 863: Maid of honor. Possibly, matron of honor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the the other women? 863: They're attendants or bridesmaids. Interviewer: And 863: Groomsmen. Interviewer: A long time ago if, um, people in the community would get married other people would come by their house at night and make a lot of noise maybe beat on pans or 863: I've never, ever seen it done, it was evidently an old custom. It was called a chivaree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: It was not one of my terms, I know it {NW} mostly from the movies Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Really and, and reading some about it but it was not within my experience. Interviewer: You think it was done in this area? 863: Yes. Probably, in the country in older times. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But not I don't even know, I think maybe it was possibly more frontier sort of thing and it probably was done when this was a frontier. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But after it, it was no longer frontier and it had grown up I don't think You still get a little hazing from now and again if they know where you are the first night. Interviewer: And, say there was trouble at a party, you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of them they arrested the? 863: The whole bunch? Interviewer: Any other terms besides bunch? 863: Probably. The whole group, the whole bunch. We used the word passel yesterday but I don't believe I would've used it. It wouldn't occur to me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I think I'd just say the whole bunch. {NS} Interviewer: And, when young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music? 863: They're dancing. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any special names for dance that you'd have at home? 863: 'Course it depends on the dancing you're doing, we used to jitterbug or, uh, cut a rug in the old days but, um, Interviewer: #1 Where do you cut a rug? # 863: #2 Or no # That was just an old term we used to have. Interviewer: Just referring to dancing? 863: Just referring to dancing. Interviewer: {NW} 863: But generally it was vigorous dancing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: You know, like he could really cut a rug and that was just a way of saying it, um Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 Say, # 863: #2 It's a # slang term. Interviewer: If children get out of school at four o'clock, you'd say at four o'clock school? 863: Let out. Interviewer: And, after vacation children would ask, when does school? 863: Take up. {NS} Interviewer: And, if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up at school that day you'd say he? 863: Playing hooky. Interviewer: And, you go to school to get a? 863: Education. Interviewer: And after high school you go on to? 863: College. Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into the? 863: First grade. {NS} Interviewer: And, years ago children sat on benches at school, now they sit at? 863: Desks. Interviewer: And each child has his own? 863: Desk. Interviewer: And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the? 863: Library. Interviewer: And to mail a package? 863: To the post office. Interviewer: And you'd stay overnight in a strange town at a? 863: A motel or hotel. Interviewer: And you'd see a play or a movie at a? 863: Theater. Interviewer: And if you had to have an operation you'd go into the? 863: Hospital. Interviewer: And the woman that'd, that would look after you? 863: Would be a nurse. Interviewer: And you'd catch train at the? 863: The depot. Interviewer: Or you could 863: Or the train station, the railroad station depending really a lot on the, on the size of the thing. We always used to refer to the railroad station, and the depot, and we meaning the same place but sometimes separate places the, the smaller railroad station in town, there were three, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: We nearly always called it the depot and we, then we would refer to the one which was the main one, the Southern Pacific was the railroad station but they also called it the Southern Pacific depot so it could be either one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say, if you had a 863: But I don't think I would've called Grand Central Station a depot. I'll put it that way, just me. Interviewer: And, say, if you had a piece of furniture that didn't fit exactly in the corner and maybe you have it so that there's a, diagonally so there's this space the 863: Catty-cornered. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Catty-cornered. Interviewer: How do you use catty-cornered? 863: As being across the corner. Also, uh, the person who lives on the block diagonally across me when there's a four way crossing. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 They was # Catty-cornered from me. Interviewer: And, before they had buses in town they used to have? 863: Street cars. Interviewer: And you'd tell the bus driver, this next corner is where I? 863: Get off. Interviewer: And, in this county, Beaumont is the? 863: County seat. Interviewer: And if you were a postmaster you'd be working for the? 863: Government. Interviewer: Huh? 863: Government. {NW} Interviewer: And, the police in town are supposed to maintain? 863: Order. Law. Interviewer: What, talking about both of those together? 863: Law and order would law would come first, mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, before they had the electric chair, murderers were? 863: Hung. Interviewer: You say the man went out and? 863: Hanged himself. Interviewer: And, the fight between the North and the South was called the? 863: The Civil War. A lot of places they always called it The War Between the States but I think it's just the Civil War. Interviewer: You don't make any distinction between those two terms? 863: And I hear it called the late unpleasantness and so forth Interviewer: {NW} 863: No, I don't make any distinction between the terms at all. Interviewer: Who would call it the late unpleasantness? 863: Hmm? Interviewer: Is that just a sort of a joking? 863: I think it's something that, uh, yes I think it's partially a joke and usually a fairly literary one, you know, among those who write, but but, uh, it's the Civil War, as far as I'm concerned. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say, if someone ask you to go with them somewhere and you're not sure you want to, you'd say I don't know? 863: I don't know if I want to go or not. Interviewer: And if you want someone to go with you, you'd say well I won't go? 863: Unless you go. Interviewer: And, you'd say I had a choice of two things, and I was going to do this but then I decided I'd do that 863: Instead. Interviewer: And, one of the largest,um, protestant churches or protestant denominations in the south would be? 863: Baptist. Interviewer: And if two people become members, you'd say they? 863: They're Baptists. Interviewer: But last week they? What the church? 863: Joined. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you go to church to pray to the? 863: God. Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a? 863: Sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the? 863: Music. Interviewer: And if you really like the music, you'd say the music was just? 863: Beautiful. Interviewer: And, say, if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church on Sunday, you'd say, well, church will be over? 863: Before I get there. Interviewer: And the enemy of God is called a? 863: Satan. Interviewer: Or the? 863: The Devil, uh-huh. Interviewer: Any other names? 863: Oh yes, Lucifer, Beelzebub, uh, there's some more, Old Scratch. Interviewer: What did you tell children was gonna come get them? If they didn't behave? 863: Well, I wouldn't do it but I presume it would be the devil. The devil's gonna get you if you don't watch out. Interviewer: What about the Boooger man? 863: Oh, I've heard Booger man but we never we never used it. Interviewer: Is that the same as the Devil? 863: Not necessarily. Interviewer: What 863: Could have been any bad, scary man Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: That could come and get you. Interviewer: And what did people think they'd see around a graveyard at night? 863: Ghosts, Interviewer: And a house that people are scared to go in? 863: Haunted. Interviewer: And, you'd tell someone, you better put a sweater on, it's getting? 863: Cool. Interviewer: Or? 863: Cooler or cold. Interviewer: Or it's not really cold but it's getting? 863: Cooler. Interviewer: Or? 863: Chilly. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, you'd say, well I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd? 863: Prefer not to. Interviewer: I'd 863: Or I'd rather not to. I'd rather not. Interviewer: And, say, if you hadn't seen a good friend of yours in a longtime when you saw ''em you might say I'm? 863: So glad to see you. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever say proud to see you? 863: No. Interviewer: And, you'd say,um, 863: And I haven't said I'm proud to meet anyone or anything like that except when I'm writing it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: That way but, uh, I know that this is said so often, I've heard it and twice when a new secretary came to apply for a job for my father, he said, well, he said I got a nice girl today but she says, oh Mr. McFadden, I'm so proud to meet you and but she's been a wonderful secretary and the same thing happened when I went to meet one of my children's English teachers and she said I'm so proud to make your acquaintance and I nearly died. Interviewer: Did you associate that with being uneducated or country? 863: Country. We have a saying here that all of the people who grew up in Beaumont and went to college go to teach in Houston and Dallas and Austin and all the people who grew up in Buna and Kirbyville Interviewer: {NW} 863: and Selsby come to Beaumont to teach. Interviewer: {NW} 863: And it's true. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if, um, What about this big, thicket, country around here, is that? Is that very close to here? 863: Oh yes, if you're in the big thicket when you're up here about ten miles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's that area like? 863: Well, it's a good country area, it's slowly becoming a bedroom area for Beaumont. People are going up there and building homes and they commute every day and work here but it has been a good country area. The big thicket was a lot larger than it is now and it was made up of people, who were, were, sort of died in the will country people, and a lot of them are what we sort of call rednecks. They were people whose family have lived there for generations and began or they, they moved in when it was still part of the, uh, no man's land. There was a time when, uh, between Texas and, rather, between the Spanish and the Americans after they had bought Louisiana this, there was a border dispute so there was sort of a no man's land in there that neither one really owned, both sort of claimed, and a lot of people came in and lived in that just beyond the border, #1 and just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: beyond the reach of authorities. One or two jumps ahead of the sheriff as we say #1 now. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: And these people were very independent, and they didn't like authority and they lived mostly by hunting and fishing maybe raising a little garden, and, uh, before a REA program without any of what we now call the necessities of life. And they didn't want anyone bothering them and they don't like you up there and they don't like summer people up there, and they burn homes, and they steal, and they, they're very independent and we have a very bad reputation up there for killing lawmen. Especially, uh, the people who come from Parks and Wildlife and try to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: keep them from shooting the deer. Interviewer: Isn't that a, a national, um? 863: Well, not yet but very soon. They passed the bill and the President signed it but now they have to come in and they have to buy the land so it will be a national preserve. Interviewer: And the people there are really? 863: A lot of them are quite opposed to it some are not. And some of them don't understand it. They have been they, you know, it's very easy to whip people up and bring their suspicions up, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And I was talking to one of proponents, proponents of the bill, and I said why don't you go to the courthouse, and put up a map saying exactly what you're going to take and you're not going to take because I said a lot of these people who are up there opposing you tooth and nail, good phrase, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Aren't even going to be included in this but they've been told their homes are going to be taken. Well, the whole problem is that nowhere have they ever defined exactly what they are going to take in are not going to take and so when they say what are you going to take, they say, well, we can't tell you exactly, and of course they're #1 suspicious # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: that means they're really going to take me. They're not going to say they're going to but they are, you know, {NS} people are very suspicious when it comes to the government Interviewer: Is that, so that's a pretty old settlement around in the big thicket? It's been 863: Some of the settlements are old and some aren't, a lot of what they're planning to take is owned by the large lumber companies, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Who do not want them to take it because that's the way they make their living is cutting the timber. And, uh, and I think some of the agitation has been done. I think they've talked on both sides of their mouth out #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: They've talked on one side of the government, oh yes, you're going to pay us, and we think a certain amount of this is good, and on the other side they're out there rousing up the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: People #1 don't oppose it. # Interviewer: #2 What are some, # What are some of the older settlements in there? 863: In there? Saratoga and Batson, the Batson prairie out there is quite an old uh, settlement. Early settlers were out there and, uh, let's see, it starts really East of, uh, I mean west of Kountze in that area but Saratoga and Batson. Honey Allen, uh, Sour Lake all of those have been there a long time. And they've had settlers that have been there many generations, and of course they don't want their homes taken. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Or their land either. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And I know there's 863: And I have a certain amount of sympathy with them, I really do. Uh, I think that it can be managed if it could be done on an individual basis where if you take someone's land you not only pay ''em a good market value but let them live there as long as they want to. Most of these people, who want to keep it, and want to leave it to their children, are dreaming their children are going to go live in the city. This is happening all over, you know, the younger people move into the city, very few of the stay on the farm, #1 stay in the country. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: And I think that the government could keep it, and keep it from being timbered, keep it from being, uh, you know, cut over and damaged and still let the people live on it and give them a lifetime right to live on it but not a right to ever destroy #1 or change. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # They wouldn't be allowed to hunt or anything there? 863: {NW} I suspect that would be a very ticklish point to decide with those people who are used to hunting all those years. But I, but they are not the ones who do the most damage the ones that go out and hunt for pleasure and really aren't interested in that deer for meat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: are the ones who do more damage and they say this and I, I really agree with them Interviewer: Do people who come up from Beaumont 863: {NW} Interviewer: to 863: People will go out and hunt Interviewer: season 863: And the thing about it is that I think that they would never shoot out all the deer and that you could always restock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Or call the moratorium one year. But I don't think the people who live there are the ones who are depleting the deer. I think it's the hunters that go in. Interviewer: {X} Shoot each other too? {NW} 863: They do that too. Interviewer: Um, say, if someone intensely disliked to go someplace you'd say he? 863: Hates to go there, he Interviewer: Do you ever say he plumb hated it or? 863: No. Interviewer: #1 Purely hated it. # 863: #2 Plumb wouldn't # Plumb and purely, I, I really don't think I'd use. They're good country terms. Interviewer: And, you say it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was? 863: Really cold. Interviewer: And, say, if a man was hammering and he hit his thumb what exclamations might he have? 863: Beside ouch? Well any of the expletives Interviewer: What about say what exclamations might you have say, if someone told you something that surprised you? 863: Oh, I'd probably say you're kidding! Interviewer: Do you ever say land sakes or anything like that? 863: No. Those are good country terms. Interviewer: What about if you are disgusted with yourself you had done something stupid? 863: Oh, I could kill myself or, oh, I'm so disgusted with myself I'm furious with myself or that is the dumbest thing I've ever done. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever say # 863: #2 How could I # be so stupid? Interviewer: say shucks or anything like that? 863: Might. But probably not Oh, occasionally. Interviewer: How would you use 863: But, that would, again, probably be more in a joking way. Oh, shucks, you don't really want to do or you don't really mean Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 863: #2 you know. # Interviewer: And someone said something you kind of resented them saying it, you might say well, the very? 863: The very idea of it. Interviewer: And, if a friend of yours says good morning, what might you ask them then? About their health, you'd say? 863: How are you, is probably what I'd say. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about when you introduce to a stranger? 863: Hello, how are you? Interviewer: And, if some people were leaving your house after a visit you'd say well I hope y'all come back? 863: Soon. Interviewer: Or I hope I see you? 863: Hope I see you soon. Interviewer: Or a 863: Or anytime, you know, come back soon. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Soon, mostly. Interviewer: And how would you greet someone around December twenty fifth? 863: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: And on the first? 863: Seasons' greetings. Interviewer: The first? 863: A Happy New Year. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever hear people say a Christmas gift to each other? 863: Christmas gift was something that was supposed to have been said every morning, the first person to greet you was supposed to say Christmas gift and this was particularly true of negroes who worked for you. They'd run in and wake you up and say Christmas gift, Christmas gift. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But it isn't anything that we ever said to each other. It was nothing I say but I know, I've heard it said. Interviewer: Is it was done in your household? 863: No. No, I don't think anyone ever ran around to us but, but I know that it has been done. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: Uh, I've seen other households where it's done. Interviewer: When the person says Christmas gift are you supposed to give them something then? 863: I suspect that since the connotation or the, the impression that I have of it is that this was what and this is a word I hadn't thought until just this very minute when you asked me what I called negroes. They were called darkies, too. Interviewer: {NW} 863: And I was going to say just now this is what darkies did probably hoping they'd get Christmas gifts. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 Waking you up # Christmas gift, Christmas gift. Interviewer: And, the biggest city in the country is in? 863: New York. Interviewer: And Annapolis is the capital of? 863: Maryland. Interviewer: And the biggest city there? 863: Baltimore. Interviewer: And Richmond's the capital of? 863: Virginia. Interviewer: And Boston? 863: Massachusetts? Interviewer: And the states from to Connecticut are called the? 863: From Maine, oh the New England states. Interviewer: What are some of the states in the south? 863: Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Texas. Interviewer: And, the state above Arkansas? 863: Louisiana, did I mention Louisiana? Interviewer: Okay, the state 863: Above Arkansas, what's it? Kansas? Interviewer: Or starts with an m? 863: Oh, Missouri. Interviewer: And the biggest city there? 863: Probably St. Louis. Interviewer: And, Tulsa is in? 863: Oklahoma. Interviewer: And, the Bluegrass State? 863: Kentucky. Interviewer: And the biggest city there? 863: Lexington Interviewer: Or another one? 863: Louisville. Interviewer: And the capital of the United States? 863: You mean Washington D.C.? And, the biggest city in Illinois? Chicago. Interviewer: And what are some of the cities, um, in Alabama? 863: Birmingham. Um, Oh, for goodness sake, I can't everything I can think is probably in Mississippi. {NW] Birmingham, may Mobile. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the capitol? 863: Oh, I can't think what the capital of Alabama is? Interviewer: What was the name of that county in Tennessee where? 863: Montgomery. Oh, Montgomery, Alabama, of course. Interviewer: And, the old city in, um, South Carolina? Old historical city? 863: Savannah. Charleston. Charleston. Savannah is in Georgia, Charleston is in South Carolina. Interviewer: And the city up in the mountains in North Carolina? 863: Up in the mountains. North Carolina. Asheville? Interviewer: Mm-kay. What are some of the cities in Tennessee?. 863: Well, Knoxville, course M-, Memphis, beside uh, Nashville. Interviewer: And Lookout Mountain's at? 863: Chattanooga. Interviewer: And, some of the cities in Georgia? Atlanta. Augusta. Milledgeville. {NW} 863: #1 You don't know, think I know about Millidgeville. # Interviewer: #2 What about # 863: Columbia. Interviewer: #1 What about # 863: #2 Or # Columbus it is. Columbus, mm-hmm. Interviewer: The city in the middle of Georgia? Just south of Atlanta? 863: Just south of Atlanta? Interviewer: Starts with an M? 863: Macon. Interviewer: And, the biggest city in southern Ohio? 863: Not Cairo or something like that, what's in Southern Ohio? Cincinnati. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And some of the cities in Louisiana? 863: Oh, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Lake Charles, Alexandria. Interviewer: And, Belfast is in? 863: Ireland. {NW} Interviewer: Huh? 863: {NW} Ireland, but I don't know where it is in the United States. Interviewer: And, well that's, that's where I meant, the country, um, And Paris is in? 863: France. Also Texas. Interviewer: {NW} Moscow is in? 863: U.S.S.R. or Russia. Interviewer: And, you'd say I have to go downtown to do some? 863: Shopping. Interviewer: And say, if you bought something, you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and? 863: Wrapped it? Interviewer: And when I got home I? 863: Opened it. Interviewer: Or? 863: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: And if you had to sell something for two dollars that you'd paid three dollars for, you'd be selling it? 863: At a loss. Interviewer: And if you like something but don't have enough money for it you'd say, well, I like it but it? 863: Is too expensive. Interviewer: Or it? What too much? 863: Cost too much. Interviewer: And, on the first of the month your bill is? 863: Paid. Interviewer: Or it's time to pay it, it's? 863: Time to pat it, my bill is due. Interviewer: And, if you belong to a club you have to pay your? 863: Dues. Interviewer: And if you don't have any money you could go to the bank and try to? 863: Borrow some. Interviewer: And you say, in the thirties money was? 863: Scarce. Interviewer: And some places, if you buy something or pay your bill from storekeepers will give you a little present a little extra, and they'll call that? 863: Probably, a lagniappe. Interviewer: Was that term used around here? 863: Yes, I think it was, I've I've heard lagniappe. I guess, all my life but you know it is a French term, and we do have a lot of French and I don't know whether #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: just something that was here or just that Uh, I just have heard lagniappe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Be about like Bayou, or? 863: Yeah, I think that there are some things that, uh, that I don't know whether they're from the Acadian French Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: influence or whether it was just, uh, I really don't know why I have always heard it but I know I've had a lagniappe. And I don't remember when I learned it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever heard of, um, pea lawn? 863: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Meaning the same thing. # And, what does a baby do before it is able to walk? 863: Crawl. Interviewer: And, say if you were tired you might say I think I'll go over to the sofa and? 863: Take a nap. Interviewer: Or, what, down? 863: Lay down. Interviewer: And you say, he was really sick he couldn't even sit up all morning, he would just? What, bed, he just? 863: He just lay in bed. Interviewer: And, talking about something that you saw in your sleep, you'd say this is what I? 863: Dreamed. Interviewer: And often when I go to sleep I? 863: I dream. Interviewer: But, I can't always remember what I have? 863: Dreamed. Interviewer: I dreamed I was falling but just when I about to hit the ground I 863: Woke up. Interviewer: And, if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor? 863: You stomp. You stamp or stomp. Interviewer: #1 Which would you call it? # 863: #2 {NW} # Stamp is what we, you oughta say but stomp is just a, I don't know it's just a, a sort of a word you use quickly and, and you know it's wrong you don't care. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say she walked up to the altar and she? What down? 863: Knelt down. Interviewer: And, if you saw a friend of yours walking home alone and you had your car, you'd say can I? 863: Give you a lift. Interviewer: Or can I? 863: Or give you a ride. Interviewer: #1 What # 863: #2 Pick you up. # Interviewer: What you home tonight? 863: Drive you home. Interviewer: Do you ever say carry you or take you home? 863: No, I've heard carry a lot but, uh, it's just not one of the things I happen to use. It's a little country. Interviewer: And to get something to come towards you, you take hold of it and? 863: Pull it. Interviewer: And the other way? 863: Push. Interviewer: And if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car, you'd say you picked it up and? 863: Carried it. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 863: No. I mean, I mean I've heard tote and this sort of thing but it wouldn't be tote, really, is what I think colored people usually use. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And I've noticed it's on of the little drive-ins will be pick and tote and that sort of thing but it wouldn't be anything I'd use. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever, what would you if it was something that was very, well, maybe not so much heavy but very bulky to hold on to and very inconvenient to carry? You'd say I had to? What, that heavy suitcase, I had to? 863: Might have had to drag it, or, or struggle, I don't Interviewer: Do you ever say lug it or pack it? 863: Well, I might but I mean they've, they're terms familiar with but, uh, I might use it. Interviewer: Which would you? 863: Probably, If I had a suitcase I had to lug that heavy suitcase around I might, I might use that. Interviewer: And you'd tell a child, now that stove is very hot, so? 863: Don't touch it. Interviewer: And if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone and go? 863: Get me my hammer. Interviewer: And, A game that children play where one child will be it and the others will hide? 863: Hide and seek. Interviewer: And, the tree you can touch and be safe? 863: Home base. Interviewer: And, In football, you run toward the? 863: Goal. Interviewer: And, if you were about to punish a child, he might ask you not to punish him just give me one more? 863: Chance. Interviewer: And, if we were planning to meet somewhere I'd say, well, if I get there first I'll? 863: Wait for you. Interviewer: And, someone who always catches on to a joke, he's got a good sense of? 863: Humor. Interviewer: And, you'd say, well, we've got termites now but I sure the exterminating company will? 863: Get rid of them. Interviewer: Do you ever say get shed of them? 863: No. Interviewer: And, say if a child left a pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there she'd say, I bet somebody? 863: Took it. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say? 863: Stole it. Interviewer: And if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot of things growing out in your yard, you'd go out and? 863: Pick some flowers. Interviewer: And, {NS} something that a child plays with you'd call a? 863: Toy. Interviewer: Any other names? 863: Well, whatever the toy was, a ball, plaything. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a play pretty? 863: Yes, but it isn't anything that, uh, I would use. Interviewer: How did you hear that used? 863: Babysitter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. She'd call it a? 863: Uh-huh, she used to call my children's toys play pretties. Interviewer: Would 863: Mm-hmm. That's where I, that's the only thing, only place I think I've ever heard it. Interviewer: Would? Do you associate play pretties as g just any kind of toy or toy for a small child? 863: Probably a toy for a small child. Interviewer: And, if a child learned something new and you wanted to know where he learned it, you'd ask him, who? 863: Who taught you that? Interviewer: And you'd say I have just, what, him a letter? 863: Written him a letter. Interviewer: And yesterday he? 863: Wrote me. Interviewer: And tomorrow I'll? 863: Write him. Interviewer: And you say I wrote it and it was time I was getting a? 863: A letter back. Interviewer: Or an? 863: Answer. Interviewer: And you put the letter in the envelope then you take your pen and you? 863: Address it. Interviewer: And you'd say well I was going to write him but I didn't know his? 863: Address. Interviewer: Do you ever hear an old-fashioned name an old-fashioned way of saying address? A letter? Do you ever hear? 863: Not that I recall. {NS} Interviewer: And, you'd say, those little boys get mad and {NS} 863: Fight? Interviewer: Huh? 863: Fight. Interviewer: And yesterday they? 863: Fought. Interviewer: And ever since they were small they have? 863: Been fighting. Interviewer: Or they have? 863: Or they have fought. Interviewer: And, say if, um, I had a question, you might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go? What, somebody else? 863: Ask someone else. Interviewer: So you'd say, so then I went and when? 863: And I asked someone else. Interviewer: And you'd say you're the second person who's? 863: Asked me. Interviewer: And, if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say, last tight we had a? 863: Freeze. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: #1 Might # Interviewer: #2 Any # 863: just a frost. Interviewer: And, you'd say it was so cold last night that the pipes? 863: Froze. Interviewer: And? 863: Expanded. They burst. Interviewer: And, you'd say, um, I was going to wrap them but the pipes had already? 863: Burst. Interviewer: Because the water had? 863: Frozen. Interviewer: And if it gets much colder the pipes will? 863: Freeze. Interviewer: And? 863: Burst. Interviewer: And if there is just a thin coating of ice on the lake, you'd say last night the lake? 863: Well, froze over, or Interviewer: Do you ever say it's skimmed over or scaled over? 863: No but then you realize that hardly ever happens around here sometimes I'll say there's a thin crust for instance on my uh, birdbath out there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But you realize how little we get, and we don't, our lakes don't freeze over down here. Interviewer: {NW} And, If you had to get up and start work before the sun was shining you'd say we had to work before? 863: Before dark or before light. Interviewer: Or before? 863: Before sun up. Interviewer: And we worked until? 863: Sundown. Interviewer: And you say 863: Or dark. Interviewer: This morning I saw the sun. 863: Rise. Interviewer: At six o'clock this morning the sun? 863: Rose. Interviewer: Or the sun is already? 863: Has already risen. Interviewer: And, you'd say, um, all night long the wind? 863: Blew Interviewer: And the wind has? 863: Blown. Interviewer: And the wind started to? 863: Blowing. Or started to blow. Interviewer: And if the wind's from this direction you say that it's? 863: From the North. Interviewer: And a wind 863: That's a North wind, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Half way between North and East would be a? 863: Northeast wind. Interviewer: And North and West? 863: Northwest. Interviewer: And West and South? 863: Southwest. Interviewer: And East and South? 863: Southeast. Interviewer: And if the wind had been {X}, just, gradually getting stronger, you'd say it was? 863: If I were out sailing I'd say it was freshening. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: But here I don't think I would say that, it's coming up here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 863: The wind is coming up. Interviewer: Why would you have a distinction? 863: #1 Or rising? # Interviewer: #2 Is freshening sort of a # 863: Well I think it's Interviewer: A nautical term? 863: I think it's a, a term that I that I associate with, uh, nautical terms. I, I know that's the time that I use it when I'm out sailing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: And, and suddenly the wind comes up a little bit rises, I can say it's freshening. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: I think it's a lot of, I think, you can think of it freshening out over the water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm.I 863: I do. Interviewer: What if it's just the opposite of that, it would have been 863: Dying down. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any special, nautical terms for that? 863: No, I think just dying down either way. Interviewer: And, you'd say, um, today is, um, Wednesday then, Tuesday was 863: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Thursday is? 863: Tomorrow. Interviewer: And if someone came here on a Sunday, not last Sunday, but a week earlier than that? 863: Sunday before last. Interviewer: And if you was going to leave not next Sunday but 863: Sunday after next. Interviewer: Mm-kay, do you ever say Sunday week? 863: Well I think I'd say Sunday after next but, yes, I might say Sunday week it's a pretty well known term. Interviewer: For the future? 863: For the future, not ever in the past. Interviewer: And if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth, you'd say he stayed about? 863: Two weeks. Interviewer: And talking about how tall this room is, this room's about? 863: Eight feet tall. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and if a child? 863: Or high or something. Interviewer: If a child just had a third birthday you'd say she's? 863: Three years old. And, Interviewer: If you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody? 863: What time it is or what time is it? Interviewer: Mm-kay and you'd look at your? 863: Watch. Interviewer: And if it's midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say it was? 863: I would say it was seven thirty buy my grandmother always said half past. Interviewer: And if it is fifteen minutes later than that you'd say it was? 863: Seven forty-five. Interviewer: Or? 863: Maybe a quarter to eight. Interviewer: And, say a child is always running and telling on the other children you'd call him a? 863: Tattle tale. Interviewer: Would you use that word about a grown person? 863: No, probably a gossip. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the word pimp used to mean tattle tale? 863: No, that's always has to do with ladies of the night. {NW} Interviewer: And you'd say he moved here in nineteen sixty and he's lived here ever? 863: Since. Interviewer: And you give someone a bracelet ad wanna see how it looks on her you'd say, well, go ahead and? 863: Try it on. Interviewer: Or what it on? 863: Put it on. Interviewer: And, you'd say you can't get through there because the highway department's got their machines and the road's all? 863: Blocked. Interviewer: Or talking about them tearing it up? The road? 863: Oh. Torn up. Under construction. Interviewer: And, you'd say that wasn't an accident he did that? 863: On purpose Interviewer: And, you'd say she what him with a big knife? 863: Stabbed him? Interviewer: And if teacher goes in a classroom and sees this funny picture on the blackboard she might ask who? 863: Drew that. Interviewer: And if you want to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on the roof you could use pulleys, locks and a rope to? 863: To, lift it up. Interviewer: Do you ever say to hoist it or 863: #1 Yes, hoist. # Interviewer: #2 heist it? # 863: Not heist but hoist. {NS} Interviewer: Say if, um, something happened on this day last year, you'd say it happened exactly? 863: A year ago. Interviewer: And, you'd say nineteen seventy-three was last year, nineteen seventy-four is? 863: Is this year. Interviewer: And, {NW} if you had been doing something for a long time you'd say I've been doing that for quite a? 863: Oh, for quite a while. Interviewer: And now could you start counting slowly to fifteen? 863: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen. Interviewer: And the number after nineteen? 863: Twenty? Interviewer: And twenty-six? 863: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine? 863: Thirty. Interviewer: And thirty-nine. 863: Forty. Interviewer: And sixty-nine? 863: Seventy. Interviewer: And ninety-nine. 863: One hundred. Interviewer: And nine hundred ninety-nine? 863: A thousand. Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand? 863: Is that a million? Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 863: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if there is people standing in line the person at the head of the line is the? 863: The first in line or the head of the line. Interviewer: Behind him is the? 863: Second. Interviewer: And keep going. 863: Third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Twelfth. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all? 863: In threes. Interviewer: Or it comes all? 863: At once. Interviewer: And, if you got twenty bushels to the acre last year and this year you got forty you'd say this year's crop was exactly? 863: Twice. Last years. Interviewer: Okay, or? What as good, was as 863: Twice as good or? Interviewer: And now what you 863: Double. Interviewer: Okay, can you name the months of the year? 863: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, Septemb- September, October, November, December. Interviewer: And the days of the week? 863: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Interviewer: What does Sabbath mean? 863: The seventh day. But it, actually, under those circumstances you start with Monday. Sunday is, is the Sabbath for me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: But of course it was the Sabbath for the, for the Jewish Nation where it started the seventh day, you'll rest, and that was Saturday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you meet someone during the early part of the day, what would you say as the greeting? 863: Good morning. {NW} Interviewer: How long does morning last? 863: Until noon. Interviewer: And then you have? 863: Good afternoon. Interviewer: How long does afternoon last? 863: Probably until supper time. {NW} Interviewer: And then what do you have? 863: Good evening. And good night means goodbye, you know. Interviewer: How long does evening last? 863: Probably until twelve, midnight. Interviewer: And if you were leaving someone at about eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything if you were leaving? 863: You mean, beside, goodbye. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, do you ever say good day? 863: No. I really never say good day I've heard it but it is just not anything I've ever really said. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, Talking abut the weather you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of the black? 863: Clouds. Interviewer: And on the day when the sun is shining and there aren't any clouds? 863: It's a Blue Bird day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 863: Blue sky day. Interviewer: And just the opposite kind of day? 863: Overcast. Cloudy. Interviewer: Say if the clouds are getting thicker and thicker and you think it's going to rain or something in a little while, you'd say the weather is? 863: The weather is getting worse. It's going to rain. Interviewer: Do you ever say it's changing or 863: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Gathering or # Hmm? 863: The clouds are gathering, the weather isn't getting gathering, the clouds are gathering, the weather is changing or we're having a change in the weather. A change in the weather usually means something like from cold to hot or hot to cold. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 863: Perhaps, from really clear day to cloudy day. You know or to a storm #1 gathering # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 863: storm clouds gathering. Interviewer: And it had been clouding and the clouds pull away you say it looks like it's finally going to? 863: Clear up. Interviewer: And what you were telling me a few minutes ago, the old fashioned name for living room? 863: Parlor. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down? 863: Downpour. Interviewer: Any other names? 863: Gully washer. Interviewer: And if there's thunder and lightning? 863: It's a thunder shower. Interviewer: And if it was raining but not real heavy, you'd call it a? 863: Light shower. Interviewer: Any other term? 863: Drizzle maybe. Interviewer: What's the difference? 863: Sprinkle if it's just beginning and doesn't ever do much. Interviewer: What's the difference between a drizzle and a shower? 863: A drizzle usually comes down very, very lightly for a long time. And a shower generally has pretty good sized raindrops in it. Interviewer: What about real fine rain? 863: That's probably a drizzle or a, or a fine mist perhaps Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 863: #2 but # When it's drizzling it usually finely mists all day long. Interviewer: And if you get up in the morning and can't see across the road you'd call that a? 863: Probably a fog. Interviewer: And a day like that, you'd call a? 863: Foggy day. Interviewer: And if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you say you're having a? 863: Drought. Interviewer: And you mentioned, um, something about writing, have you, written many short stories or? 863: Only a few and I've, I've not published. Interviewer: You just do it for? 863: For fun. {NS} Sometimes because the Spirit moves me. {NS} interviewer: {X} Why don't you give them Your whole name. 888: My name is {B}. interviewer: {X} Spell your first name. 888: L-E-S-H-A-C-H. {B} interviewer: {NS} Okay again. {B} Again? 888: Yes. {B} interviewer: {NS} Okay and uh where were you born? {B} {NS} Okay what county did you spend {B} {NS} Okay and you're how old? 888: I'm 17 years old. interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um what's your religion? 888: Um I'm a Baptist. {NS} interviewer: And what would you say is your occupation your {D: food and many} and part-time {D: one}? 888: Uh I'm a cook and I work with children. {NS} And that's what I do. {NS} interviewer: Where where do you cook? 888: I cook at {B} for the college students over there. {NS} interviewer: When when do you do that? I don't see when you have time to do all this. 888: Well right now I'm on vacation for Trinity University. interviewer: Yeah. 888: And they right now for the summer I'm looking I got this job working with children in recreation right now I start back in September and go back over to Trinity University. interviewer: Okay. So okay what uh what grade did you tell me you'll be in school next year? 888: I'm a senior next year. {NS} Hoping to graduate during the summer. interviewer: Okay um what all schools have you gone to 888: #1 What all schools for high school # interviewer: #2 Yeah sure # Yeah. Start with the first one and tell me the name of the school. 888: The first school I went to is Grant elementary. interviewer: How do you sp- what? 888: Grant Elementary. interviewer: Okay. 888: And the second school I went to was Dunbar. And the third school I went to was {D: Hart Bond} junior high. interviewer: Okay wait. Dunbar was what kind of school? 888: It was uh elementary was a junior school but they turned it into a elementary. interviewer: Okay and the next one was what? 888: {D: Hart Bond} junior s- junior high. interviewer: Okay. 888: Third one was Edison high school. And then I got transferred from Edison high school to Wheatly high school Because we had moved And They wanted to give me they didn't wanna give me the right courses that I wanted so. interviewer: Uh how do you spell Wheatly? 888: Wheatly is W-H-E-A-T-L-Y. interviewer: Okay. {NS} Tell me, what all clubs and stuff have you been in? 888: I go to the pool club #1 and um # interviewer: #2 The what? # 888: Pool clubs. interviewer: Okay. Where is that? 888: Uh, it's where I go for uh you know when I wanna do something on weekend days like Saturday, Sunday I go shoot a little pool. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And I used to go to boys' club That's when I used to get in a different you know organization such as basketball and baseball and football and stuff like that. interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Okay. What about church? 888: Church? Uh I went to St. John's and I went to Reverend Bailey's church I go you know both churches. interviewer: Oh these are not the same church? 888: No these are not the same {X} interviewer: Oh Reverend Bailey's church is um {NS} Is this one down here on this corner? 888: On north main. interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 888: It's a church called uh it's a methodist church on the corner but I go to either I go to both because you know I wasn't really really baptized at Reverend Bailey's church But I'm going to both right now sometime I When I get out of my church I go to Reverend Bailey's church too. interviewer: Okay. Um you go all the time and you go to youth groups and stuff like that? 888: Yes ma'am I go every Sunday. interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh {D: did you ever do} much traveling? 888: Well not really much traveling but since my grandmother died we hardly you know go anywhere cause we used to go during the summer I used to take a vacation up there to stay with her for a while. interviewer: Where'd she live? 888: She lived in Georgetown. interviewer: Uh uh okay. {NS} What {D: you said} your whole family used to go and that 888: Yeah the whole family used to go but Like I wanna go around like I'm going to Houston's jazz festival starting on the 18th so I'll be going out of town then. interviewer: Yeah. That'll be fun. 888: That will be fun I'll {NS} stay overnight up there with a couple friends I know you know they invited me so I'll probably just stay up there. interviewer: {D: Ooh that'll be neat.} 888: Yeah. {NS} interviewer: {X} {NS} Where'd you tell me your mother was from? 888: My mother was born in Georgetown, Texas. {NS} interviewer: Okay. And tell me how old was she when she came here. Do you have any idea? 888: She was around 32 {X} About 32. About 32. interviewer: Okay. How old is she now? 888: I couldn't tell you that but I don't really know but I say it's ranging at about 49 prob- probably 48 or something like that I'm not very sure. interviewer: Okay. And uh where was your father born? 888: My father he was born in Louisiana. New Orleans. {NS} interviewer: Okay. And uh does he still live with you all now? 888: No my father he was deceased about 2 years ago. interviewer: Okay. Uh. {NS} Uh how far did your mother get in school do you have any idea? 888: She made it to about Ten tenth grade. interviewer: Okay. What about your father? 888: I don't know I really don't know. interviewer: Okay uh did your mother work? 888: No she's a housewife. interviewer: {X} 888: My father he was a deputy for the sheriff department. {NS} interviewer: Okay um where were your mother's parents from do you know? 888: Uh Rockdale. interviewer: Texas? 888: Yes, Rockdale, Texas. interviewer: Okay. Uh, do you know anything about {D: their} education? 888: Uh all I know that you know they While they was trying to work they couldn't you know Go to school and try to bring money home to they you know parents Because it was tough back then. interviewer: Yeah. Uh what did your uh mother's mother father do for a living do you know? 888: What'd they do for My mother's father do for a living? interviewer: Yes. 888: Well they picked cotton and stuff I guess. interviewer: {X} Okay. {NS} Did her mother do anything? 888: Uh She All I know that she used to stay home and cook, and help help him out in the field sometime when they wanted interviewer: Okay 888: to pick vegetables or stuff like that. interviewer: Pick what 888: Pick vegetables. Vegetables. interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Did they own a farm or did they work on somebody else's land? 888: No they they owned their own farm in Rockdale. {NS} They had you know different stuff. {NS} interviewer: Um do you {D: ever think} about where they came from before that? 888: No I sure don't interviewer: Okay. 888: I couldn't tell you about it. interviewer: Okay your your father's parents uh where are they from? 888: My father's parents? They're from New Orleans. {NS} interviewer: Okay um You know anything about their education? 888: I sure no I don't. interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um you know what they did for a living? 888: Uh no uh only thing I know they say is because most of the day, you know helped out in car washes and stuff like that I don't really know what they really did for a living but interviewer: Okay. Did his mother work? 888: Did his mother work? Yes. She did. I don't know what it was interviewer: Mm-hmm 888: but she worked. interviewer: Uh do you know where they came from before they were in New Orleans? 888: Well the only thing I can say is Where did they come from? interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well what I heard they would say in Louisiana That's where My mother you know got met met my father He came down. interviewer: So so lower part of Louisiana? Like 888: New Orleans, Louisiana. interviewer: Yeah okay. {NS} Okay. And I assume you're not married? 888: No I'm single. interviewer: {C: Laughs} Okay. {NW} 888: {D: Still on the bachelor side.} interviewer: Yeah. Alright we can scratch all that stuff. Um have you all lived in the same house since you were born or have you moved around or what? 888: Yeah we've been moving around place to place but you know right now we kinda find a nice place to stay right now. interviewer: Mm-hmm 888: And we still we still looking right now. interviewer: Uh huh uh huh. What's the first house you remember? 888: The first house I remember is when I was just a I was just born on Holland Street and All I know that when we moved it wasn't nothing but a vacant lot. {NW} interviewer: Is that right? 888: Yeah. interviewer: Yeah. Well do you remember what the inside looked like? 888: Yes I can It looked like you know way back in them days where the chair and the table wasn't the same And it's a lot of memories back in them days I can remember you know Some of the things we used to do on the outside and play I remember when {X} time like that way back then and it'd just be fun back in them days if I could relive them I'd do them right now interviewer: Yeah. Yeah you know when {X} 888: #1 Yeah that's just how # interviewer: #2 {X} # 888: I saw I life that's what interviewer: It scared me I did not {X} 888: {NW} interviewer: {X} 888: Yeah I know what you mean interviewer: I always associated something to do with the drag with dragons. 888: Dragons interviewer: It had something to do with dragons. {C: laughs} 888: Al- that's what my father always liked when every time it came on he'd say {NW} Here come the dragon now buddy hurry up it's coming on interviewer: {NW} 888: And we had something on the stove cooking you know my mother would be cooking We'd have we'd go in there and sit down and eat at the table we just she says every time we would look at TV she said hurry up and get through eating you know because {NS} food gonna get cold so we'd just sit there and look at TV. interviewer: Yeah. Uh huh same old story. Yeah. Well um I tell you what {X} I could get you to draw me a floor plan like if you took the top off just the roof off and looked straight down into the house. Could you draw me a floor plan of the earliest house that you remember? 888: Yeah. interviewer: Okay maybe you just draw it on the back of the 888: Right on the paper now. interviewer: Yeah. {NS} {NW} {NS} 888: I'm not too good at drawing, ma'am. interviewer: Try. I {D: could give you an advance}. {NS} You know it's really not too bad {X}. 888: Yeah, it's real cool. interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} 888: You don't have air conditioning interviewer: Hmm? 888: You don't have air #1 Conditioning # interviewer: #2 Yeah I do, but # Yeah I do but you know it takes {X} halfway across town before it starts to work. {X} {NS} 888: Oh and that tree was a big China berry tree. {NS} interviewer: Okay can up above there can you show me What where where the rooms were in relation to each other? 888: Where the rooms were? interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm. {NS} 888: My bed was right here. You want me to just point it out to you? interviewer: Yeah. {X} Draw in there to so I can tell {X}. 888: Okay. interviewer: But uh {X}. {NS} Do you have brothers and sisters? 888: Yes I have five brothers and three sisters. interviewer: {X} You've got a lot {X}. Where where are you? Are you in the mid 888: I'm the I'm the baby but my sister I'm the baby boy but I'm not the baby in the family, my sister is. interviewer: Uh huh so one sister is younger? 888: Yeah. interviewer: Uh huh. {NS} 888: And we used to have a bedroom back here. {NS} interviewer: How many rooms were were in the house? 888: It was a pretty big house because That's what I like about it because you know everybody almost you know we didn't have a bedroom by ourself but If we could get around in the house you know that if had two doors on it And we could go into one side door with you know without bo- you know bothering everyone else in the house interviewer: Yeah. 888: If you come in late {NS} That's all I can say interviewer: Okay alright now tell me how things look. 888: Well my bedroom was over here by this window here. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And when you come inside the door you could just walk right in the bed in my bedroom right here. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And the living room was interviewer: Was anybody else in there with you? 888: Yeah I had a little my brother he's in on there right now and he used to sleep with me. interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And {NS} He used to come inside and my mother's bed was over here And my sister and brother's bed was over here. interviewer: Okay {D: were those} in different rooms? 888: Yeah they was in different rooms. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And Right here the dining the kitchen was right here back in the back back corner. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And {NS} Dining room we had a little little dining room where you could go in and sit down and talk. interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 When we had # Company interviewer: In the dining room? 888: Yeah. interviewer: Uh-huh 888: And we'd sit down and {X} {NS} And Around here it was a place where we could you know Where you can Sort of a closet it was a little closet back over here That's all I can remember. interviewer: Uh huh was that off the bedroom or {X} was? 888: It was in the bedroom. I can remember a closet and then we had a big Cadillac it was one of the real old-timey Cadillacs. interviewer: Yeah. Did it have fins on it? 888: Yeah. It used to be parked right out on the front of the yard. interviewer: Uh huh. {NS} {X} Cadillac. 888: {NW} interviewer: {D: You did good on the Cadillac huh?} {NW} 888: Yeah. Used to be parked right out there in front of this China berry tree right here. #1 Used to be a big # interviewer: #2 A what type tree? # 888: China berry tree. interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm 888: It used to be right there and every time they would bloom we would go outside and get the China berries off and interviewer: Yeah. 888: Eat them. interviewer: So you ate them? I didn't know you could eat them. 888: I mean pomegranates I'm sorry. interviewer: Oh! I didn't know you could eat china berries. 888: {NW} I'm sorry about that. interviewer: {NW} 888: Pomegranates I mean. interviewer: Oh I love pomegranate #1 That sounds good # 888: #2 Yeah. # We used to eat them every time it would get ripe. interviewer: They're nice 888: My mother wouldn't let us eat them sometimes because you know she'd think we'd get sick cause they were {NW} Sometimes my brother or sister would pick them off green and stuff like interviewer: No that's not too good. Anyway they're sour when they're green. 888: Yeah I know. interviewer: I don't like them that way. Well um okay let's see. Um uh where was the bathroom? {NS} 888: Oh I forgot to put the bathroom. {NS} The bathroom was straight straight back here. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Here's the little room back over here where the dining room was interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Did you have a 888: {X} interviewer: Did you have a hallway that went back here? 888: Yeah there was a little hall. There was a little hall that'd go straight back. interviewer: Uh huh and did rooms open off either side of that? 888: Yes. interviewer: Yeah 888: You'd go off in the hall but sometimes you know our lights wouldn't be working and we had to use candles. interviewer: Uh huh oh yeah. When did that happen like what it'd rain or 888: Well uh we paid our bill it was bad wiring really and my mom wouldn't trust us with because one time our house it got caught on fire and it was because of the wiring in the house and so we didn't hardly use it too much because it was still you know still short somewhere in the sockets where it'd shoot little fires. interviewer: Yeah. 888: She just told us to use candles you know most of the time. interviewer: Ooh yeah. 888: And we told the man to come out and fix it but he didn't pay no attention to us. interviewer: Yeah. 888: Yeah we paid our rent on time And you know you know paid our bill on time but they would never come out and fix it that was one of the reasons we moved. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: Cause they wouldn't fix nothing. And then I went to the west side Lived on the west side for about three or four years Then we moved back to the north side. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: We lived by there right now {X} About ten ten years about ten years. #1 {D: Then we came back down here.} # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh huh. This this house was on north side? 888: Yeah do you know where the H-E-B at right now on Hildebrand? interviewer: #1 Uh-uh. # 888: #2 {X} # On Hildebrand and McCullough interviewer: #1 Yeah # 888: #2 And # And it's H-E-B right sitting right in the front of it. {NS} We were living there since H-E-B was built when they were building H-E-B that's how long we been living there. interviewer: {X} 888: What? Oh it's a food market it's a food market. interviewer: Okay I get it okay. You're gonna have to tell me stuff like this {X} I don't know any of the names of stuff {X}. 888: Oh okay. Well that's a food market and when we used to live we used to live right by it and this man used to bring the Trucks up there and deliver stuff in the morning and he'd need some help So we used to go up there and do part time work. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And truck used to come right out there on the front. interviewer: Yes. 888: {X} H-E-B is back here It was out in the front but Trucks used to come up there in the front. And load stuff and they didn't have no help. interviewer: Yeah. 888: We used to give him a couple of hands. And he'd give us some you know free to take home or Stuff like that. interviewer: Yeah did he did he pay ya did he ever pay you in money? Or was it mostly like in food? 888: Well It was mostly in food. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And We was happy to get that #1 Anyway because # interviewer: #2 Yeah that'd be # 888: Used to take it home and My mother used to be happy about it wasn't much but it was something you know to eat. interviewer: Well yeah it was right here and you had some store to get it at right there Um oh what's that? 888: Uh we had a chimney on top of the house right there. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: It was we used to have a little Oh I forgot to tell you we used to have a wooden stove. We didn't have gas. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And Every time we'd burn the smoke would just come you know right out in the front of the house like that and everybody would see it next door because they'd think the house was on fire but it which it wasn't it was just smoke coming out the chimney. The big chimney and every time Christmas came we'd talk about Santa Claus was gonna come down the chimney and stuff like that my little brothers and sisters interviewer: Yeah. Well did she did she cook on the wood stove? 888: Uh interviewer: Or was that for heat for the house? 888: That was heat for the house and but we had a stove back there where you could cook on it's a little gas It was a {D: coil top} stove really We had a little {D: coil top} stove where we could cook on this Little lamp where you'd turn it up {D: coil top} stove. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: It wasn't until we used to go out and get wood but then wood went up one time and then My parents you know the man he went up on the wood because he said it was getting hard to get. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: So we'd start paying we started going to a different place then {NS} Start paying for more {X} But that's when the lumber yard got caught on fire down here way back then. interviewer: Oh. What what caused the fire? 888: What caused the fire? Uh somebody say that this man he used to live right there sometime you know he had a wooden stove too. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And Something got caught on fire. He used to be kinda drunk all the time he used to drink a lot. And he didn't you know care too much about himself and one day I guess one night he was sleeping and was real cold and whole place got caught on fire. interviewer: Ooh. 888: #1 It was all over the news. # interviewer: #2 What happened to him? # 888: He burned up. interviewer: Ooh. Yuck. 888: And after that we had to buy supply from somewhere else then. interviewer: Yeah. 888: But then summer came and we was okay. interviewer: Yeah. And then didn't you move {X}? 888: Yes we moved to the west side which We didn't have nobody to move us and nothing like that because we didn't have a truck and nothing like that so we had these neighbors come as many people down the street and they had a big big truck {NS} And my after my dad that's when my daddy died When we was living in the house. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And We had a big They had a big truck down there so we asked them could they move us so they said yeah And my mother said that she would give them this car right here this Cadillac car. interviewer: Hmm. 888: Which they wanted, too. And so When they moved us we gave them that car interviewer: Mm-hmm 888: and I don't know what they did with it. But it was it was a good car. It runs you know It was a late model but it really ran. Cause my daddy used to take me everywhere you know where we wanted to go. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And We moved to the west side over there on river street The house was real small cause we didn't have a charge to move because we were gonna move because The place you know they didn't want {X} and which {NS} uh We couldn't get you know satisfactory on it so my mother just moved. Moved to the west side and then we stayed on red woods about Stayed about three years because it was getting kind of small because It was you know it didn't have it had about I'd say about 2 bedrooms and interviewer: Yeah. 888: And we had to {X} in them two bedrooms. We had to make a a living room out of a bedroom. interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm 888: And {NS} That's how it was so small. So we moved off of red woods and we moved on Roberts. It was still on the west side. interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: That's when I was I'd say around Eight years old {NS} interviewer: {X} 888: And uh We moved over there on Roberts street right by the creek which we didn't like because whenever it'd flood The creek would over rise and you know it'd come from {X} lake yeah you know Come way down and it'd come up that high some people would you know Get washed you know their clothes and stuff would get washed away. interviewer: Yeah. 888: And Some houses would get over flooded and people that didn't have help they had to go down to the salvation army and get help from them and stay down there. interviewer: Yeah. 888: So interviewer: How old were you when your father died? 888: I was very small I That's when I was living on Holland. In this house right here. interviewer: Uh huh. You were about what? 888: Seven or Six or six to eight years old. I was real small but I remember the things he used to do. interviewer: Yeah. 888: That's one thing I used to remember. interviewer: Yeah. Okay. How how did y'all used to make a fire in the in the wood stove? 888: How did we used to make a fire? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: Well We didn't we didn't we didn't have gas but one thing we used to do is put the wood inside the stove first and sometimes We'd have some coal away from the stove we'd put a little coal all off in the stove. interviewer: Yes. 888: And then make it burn like that. But we would never we would never fool with it. My mother she'd tell us not to mess with it because we'd get the house caught on fire. interviewer: Mm-hmm 888: And my father used to do the same thing. interviewer: {X} names of that uh kinda small wood, the {D: stir fry wood} Did you ever have small kinda wood that 888: Kindlings kindling interviewer: Yeah okay. Um Let's see. Um what do you call that place right in front of the Tell me about this one thing. Was it a was it a stove like with iron? Or was it a fireplace or what was it? 888: It was just a plain uh regular fire stove where you can just put inside it was small it wasn't too big you know. And the pipes would go up where the smoke would come outside to the chimney. interviewer: Oh what do you call that kind of just a pipe? Or you call it anything else? 888: I call it a Just call it a Smoke pipe. interviewer: The what? 888: Smoke pipe. interviewer: Okay okay. What do you call that black stuff that gets stuck in the pipes? And the The smoke leaves? 888: What do I call it? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: Uh interviewer: You run your finger up in there and you get black all over your finger? 888: {X} {NS} Black {X} interviewer: Okay. Uh You know when the fire burns down and you have to rake that stuff out? Or shovel that stuff out? What do you call that? 888: Ashes. interviewer: Um Have you ever seen um On a fireplace And sometimes the little shelf-like thing that sticks out from the wood burn stove It's the area in front of the stove or in front of the fireplace that's just flat you know the bricks 888: It sticks out? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: I just call it a The front Front burning bar interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard it called a hearth {C: pronounced hair-th} or a hearth? 888: No I haven't. interviewer: Okay. Um In a fireplace You know sometimes there's an iron sort of thing that you put the wood on? Do you have a name for that? 888: What you put the wood on? interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: No. #1 I don't. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um Oh up above the fireplace sometimes there's a {D: you know} I'm just talking about a regular fireplace set in the wall, now Not talking about a stove. There's a there's a thing where you can put {X} glasses, pictures, and vases and stuff like that on there. Decorating things. 888: A wood {D: nock} shelf. interviewer: A what? 888: A wood {D: nock} shelf is that what you're talking about? interviewer: Yeah yeah. Well yeah. 888: Where you can put different things that you want to put on it? interviewer: Yeah. 888: That's what I call a wood {D: nock} shelf. interviewer: Okay. Um Sometimes people When they use a A fireplace or stove for heat They put a great big log in the back and it'd be green sometimes and You know it's like bigger than the rest of it and it reflects heat back out into the room So it'd be warm like when you got up the next {D: minute}. Do you have a uh name for that log? 888: {NW} Green wood. interviewer: Okay. {NS} In some places where they have pine trees but I don't know Do y'all have pine trees down here? 888: Yeah. Pine that's on most of the pine trees I see are Near when Christmas comes and interviewer: Yeah. 888: They have some we'd get a big pine tree. interviewer: Yeah. 888: But you don't hardly see them around mostly It's they're around but I don't never hardly see 'em no more because Only time I see 'em is when Christmas comes I like the smell of them you know. interviewer: Yeah. They smell good. 888: #1 Yeah # interviewer: #2 Have you ever heard anybody # splitting one open You know that they just cut down and they get the wood out of the middle cause it's already kinda soft? And they can just make a fire right from that? 888: No. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} In In the dining room. You know um You have a table and what? 888: We had a table and a few chairs And interviewer: Okay. 888: A few other things like dishes and stuff like that. interviewer: Okay okay. Okay What do you call that uh long piece of furniture that you have maybe in the living room that 3 or 4 people can sit on? 888: Couch. interviewer: Okay. Any other names for it? 888: Uh Sofa interviewer: Uh huh. Is there a difference between a couch and a sofa? 888: Well I wouldn't say difference I say the same. interviewer: Okay um What do you call the piece of furniture in the bedroom That has drawers in it and you put your clothes in the drawers? 888: Dresser. interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 888: Uh chifforobe interviewer: Okay. Is there a difference between a dresser and a {X}? 888: Yeah. {X} A chifforobe well You can put you know different clothes and stuff in. {NS} And I don't know you can put things in it that You really wanna put in it that you don't wanna get misplaced. interviewer: Yeah uh {X} case have drawers or Does it have a place to hang things does it have both or 888: No, a chifforobe has drawers. interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And the way you put your things in like sheets or rags or something like that you know Towels and A dresser is you know Where you keep your things in that you wanna put in and stuff like that you Get ready to put on or something like that. interviewer: Uh huh uh huh. Which one's bigger? 888: Which one's bigger? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: I'd say the chifforobe is the biggest. interviewer: Uh huh. Okay. Um {NS} Okay tables and chairs and sofa and all that stuff you'd call 888: Uh some things I'd call antiques Sofa like some chairs was antique and sofa I call it you know just sofa chair #1 things like that. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # If you wanted to buy some of that stuff what kind of store would you go to? 888: Uh {X} furniture I guess. interviewer: Okay. Um. You know those things At the window that you pull down that shut out the light that are on rollers? 888: Uh shades I mean #1 Shades # interviewer: #2 What? # Okay. Okay uh {NS} What'd you call little A little room off the bedroom it's hardly big enough to call it a room really. Where you hang your clothes. 888: Uh closet? A little closet where you can put stuff in or A little attic or something like that. interviewer: Okay. Um If you didn't have a Built-in closet like that You might have one that Was movable you know that you can move around? A piece of furniture of some sort? 888: Uh-huh interviewer: What would you call that? 888: One you can move around something that you can move around that you have your stuff in? interviewer: Uh huh. That you hang things in. 888: Uh I would call that a taly. A taly. interviewer: A what? 888: A taly. interviewer: How do you spell that? 888: T-A-L-Y I guess. Taly. interviewer: Huh what does it what does it look like exactly? 888: Well there's a little thing where you can push push around and you got things where you can hang your suits up in like that And take it to room Room to room stuff like that. interviewer: Uh huh uh huh. Okay. Um {NS} What do you call the room at the top of the house that's just underneath the roof? 888: The room at the top of the house that's up under the roof? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: The attic. interviewer: Mm-kay. And Uh A little room off of the kitchen that you might store stuff canned goods And extra dishes Stuff like that? 888: Uh {NS} Canned goods shelf or The shelf. interviewer: Mm-kay. Okay what if it was a whole little Little room thing? What What would you call it? 888: Little room thing? interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I'd say the storeroom or the closet. interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh what would you a {X} work with things that you're about to put away? 888: Right now you know just throw away? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: Old bicycle rims and Things in the house or you want me to talk about things on the outside? interviewer: Yeah just {X} have a name for. All that stuff. 888: For all the junk I just call it junk. interviewer: Okay. Um What would you call a room That's used that's used To store odds and ends? 888: Storeroom. interviewer: Mm-kay. And {NS} Um Speaking of daily housework, you'd say a woman does what every morning? 888: Clean up and cook and make up the beds and A little of everything around the house. interviewer: Okay. What do you call a thing you sweep with? 888: A broom. interviewer: Okay. And You call this thing here {D: That} you open you'd call that a 888: Door. interviewer: Okay. Now. If if that was open, and there was a broom This door was open you know And there was a broom right here You'd say the broom was what {D: on} the door? 888: The broom was blocking the door. interviewer: Uh No it's really like it The door's already open, you know? The door I mean the broom is There. So you'd say "Go get that broom, it's" What the door? 888: It's right at the door. interviewer: Okay. Or um You probably couldn't see it cause the door was open in front of it 888: Um {X} Watch out for that broom in the back door. interviewer: Okay. Whoops. 888: #1 It's blocking the door. # interviewer: #2 But where # But if you were if you were gonna try and tell somebody {D: and} you simply couldn't see it, you know? And you wanted somebody to get it and you They didn't know where it was and you were trying to #1 tell them # 888: #2 Oh # Go look in the back of the door for the broom. interviewer: Okay. Um Okay if all your clothes are dirty, In order to get them ready to wear you're probably gonna have to do the what? 888: Washing machine or the wash. interviewer: Okay. And After you wash 'em, you're gonna have to do what {D: to 'em}? 888: After I wash 'em, I dry 'em. interviewer: Uh huh and then, if they're all wrinkled up, you'll have to 888: Iron them. interviewer: Okay. And The the washing and ironing together you'd probably call the 888: The washing and ironing together? interviewer: Uh huh. There's one word for those three things? 888: Clean. interviewer: Okay. Um What do you call the the place where a bachelor might take his shirts to be done? On You know, the 888: Will you repeat that? interviewer: Well, since a bachelor doesn't have, uh, anybody to To wash and iron his shirts for him, he'd probably take 'em 888: Oh, to the cleaners. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} If he had a two-story house, how--what would you call the thing that you get from the First story to the second story on? 888: Stairs, elevator or escalator. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} Okay uh You said stairs first. Now, what would you call these things we're sitting on? 888: Steps. interviewer: Okay. Um Have you ever seen Like {NS} Things like this that go up the outside of the building 888: #1 Yes. # interviewer: #2 to the second story? # 888: Yes. interviewer: Kay which would you call those? Would you call those steps or stairs? 888: Stairs. interviewer: Okay. 888: On the outside. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um {NS} What what do you call that little thing that's usually built just outside of the door of the house that you walk on to get {X}? 888: Oh the step mat? A mat? interviewer: Um Well, the whole thing, really. This this really isn't one. But it's a concrete slab, usually, that takes a good step up to to get into the house. And sometimes it's got a little roof and {NS} You'd call it 888: A shed. interviewer: Um 888: Somewhere over the roof? {NS} interviewer: {D: Oh} sometimes Okay it's attached to the outside of the house and sometimes They're screened in. 888: Uh huh. interviewer: And sometimes they're not and they call it a screened-in what? 888: Door? interviewer: Um {X} People still do sit outside when it's hot at night and evening, you know 888: Oh, when you sit on the outside? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: What do you call that? interviewer: Yeah. 888: Uh I just say it's sitting on the outside to get some air. {NS} Uh #1 Sitting on the # interviewer: #2 Okay. # 888: patio. interviewer: Okay. Now, could you explain to me what exactly 'patio' is? 888: Patio is a place where you get to go out and sit down and give a little party or something like that or something that's just real concrete, just concrete interviewer: Uh huh. 888: And, you know there's not no mud or nothing around cause it'd be you know just plain concrete. interviewer: Yes. Well, does a patio have a roof, or not? 888: Uh no. A patio has no roof. interviewer: Okay. What if it was something like that but it had a roof, Then what would you call it? 888: I said uh Shed-in patio. interviewer: Mm-kay. What uh what's a porch? What would you call a porch? 888: A porch is something that you can sit on in the outside and stay out of the rain and stuff like that. You can sit outside and chat talk to other people and your neighbors or something like that interviewer: Uh huh. Um Would you call it anything different if it goes like all the way across the front of the house, And all the way down one side, anything like that? 888: No, I would just say porch. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} Okay, if the door is open, and you don't want it that way, You might tell somebody to get up and what the door? 888: Close the door. interviewer: Okay. Or 888: Shut the door. interviewer: Okay. Um Okay, have you ever seen {X} on the outside of the house? I'm looking for some I don't see any I can't tell if that house is that way or not. I can't see it well. But, like, the boards are You know, they kinda overlap each other like this, The top overlaps the next board down, like that Do you have a name for that? 888: Uh, grooves. I'd say grooves. interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else? 888: Uh No. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um You might say, {NS} "Every day I take my car and" what into town? 888: Drive into town. interviewer: Okay. And "yesterday I took my car and" 888: Drove into town. interviewer: Okay. And "every day, for months, I had" what into town? 888: Repeat, will you will you repeat that please? interviewer: Okay. {D: You'd just} use the same word "Every day, for months, I had taken my car and" what into town? 888: Drove. interviewer: Okay. Um What do you call the part of the house that covers the top? 888: Roof. interviewer: Okay. And What do you call little things along the edge of the roof that that carry water off? 888: Shingles. interviewer: Okay. These are Uh These are not over the whole roof they're just {X} I'm looking for some I don't see 'em 888: What are you talking bout roof pipes? interviewer: Yeah. 888: Where the water comes on the side? interviewer: Yeah. Okay. 888: What do I really call them? interviewer: Yeah. 888: I just call 'em interviewer: #1 What you say # 888: #2 Water # You know, water drainers. interviewer: Okay. Alright what'd you call it the first time, roof pipes? 888: Yeah. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} Have you ever seen a You know what a {D: ale} is on a house? 888: A L? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: Yeah. interviewer: Okay. It's it's like You know part of the house that sticks out? 888: The front of it, like the roof, or just shaped like an L. interviewer: Okay yeah. Right, okay, well when the house part and the ale come together, sometimes they both have a Peaked roof and there's a There's a low place like this. Where the where they join. What do you call that? 888: {NS} Where they the low piece where they join? interviewer: Uh huh. A low just place in the roof. You have a name for that? 888: Square. interviewer: What? 888: It's a square. interviewer: Well, it's more like a v-shape. 888: Triangle? interviewer: Yeah sort of like that. 888: And it and it joins to the other part of the house? interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm. 888: And what do I call it? interviewer: Yeah. You may not have a name for it I don't know. {NS} 888: Uh I don't think I could call it nothing less, you know I understand it. interviewer: Okay. Alright {D: listen} Um I don't have a name for that either. I mean, I just don't spend much of my time talking about that kind of thing, you know? 888: Yeah, I understand, yeah. interviewer: Um Okay, if you have a little building outside your house, Where you kept gardening tools and stuff like that, what would you call it? 888: I call it a shed room or a store room in the back. interviewer: Okay. If it's a Okay that thing that we just talked about Would it be attached to the house, or or not attached? 888: Uh if it wasn't attached to the house, it would be a garage. {NS} #1 And if it # interviewer: #2 If it was # or was not? 888: If if if it is not No say if it is not attached to the house, It's a garage. interviewer: Okay. 888: And If it is attached to the house, interviewer: Mm. 888: That's a storeroom. interviewer: Mm-kay alright. What if it's something like a storeroom, but it's smaller than a garage? 888: Smaller than a garage? interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Uh {NS} I'd say tool tool shed. interviewer: Okay. Um What would you call Now, what would you call an outdoor toilet? 888: Outdoor outdoor toilet? I would just call it a {NS} An outdoor toilet. interviewer: Okay. Okay, do you know the joking name story? 888: Shit house shit house uh interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 888: Uh, that's the only thing I know outdoor toilet {X} I know. interviewer: Okay okay Um What kind of buildings would you have on farms? 888: What kind of buildings? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: Uh farm house interviewer: What was that last thing? 888: The farmhouse. interviewer: Okay. 888: And {NS} Goat pen, cow pen. Stuff like that. interviewer: Okay. Um let's see. {NS} Where would you keep the horses and cows and stuff like that? 888: In the shed. interviewer: Okay. Is there a {D: the} bigger building? Where you might keep 'em or you might keep hay in it too and stuff like that? What'd you call that building? 888: I call it a barn where you keep the hay and stuff in. interviewer: Okay. Um Have you ever heard of a Separate building where you might store corn? 888: Where I would store corn at? A separate building? I'd call it a the mill interviewer: Okay. Okay, uh Have you ever heard of a building, or a part of a building, Where you store grain? {NS} 888: A hen house. interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh {D: You ever hear it called} a granary {C: pronounced gran-ery} or granary {C: pronounced grain-ery}? 888: Grain interviewer: What? 888: Grain. interviewer: Okay. Um{NS} The upper part of the barn you'd call the what? 888: The upper the upper part of the barn? {NS} The windmill, I guess. interviewer: Where where they put hay, usually. 888: What do they put it in? #1 On top # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 888: {X} On top of the attic {X} Something like the attic but {X} interviewer: Okay, okay. Um {NS} Let's see. Okay, usually there are there is one Like you said, there's one farmhouse, But sometimes there might be two, in which case You'd say there are two what? 888: Farmhouses. interviewer: What? 888: There are two farmhouses. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} Okay, you might pile hay up outside the barn in a What? 888: Stack. interviewer: Okay. Um Have you ever seen Uh, hay Covered with, like the got four poles and And they kind of slide in grooves And they cover haystacks with {X}. Have you ever seen anything like that? 888: No, I haven't. interviewer: Okay. Um When they first cut the hay, They used to Kinda rake it up in small piles. And do you know what they called the little piles? {NS} 888: All I know they used to call it uh Dip piles I guess. Dip piles. interviewer: What? 888: Dip dip piles. interviewer: How how do you spell that? 888: D-I-P-P-A interviewer: What does that mean? 888: You know, this would be a There would be a dip on the ground or something and they rake it up. #1 It's part of the dip-piles. # interviewer: #2 Um # Okay, okay. And you've heard people say that {X}? 888: I heard people say it once Oh but I don't ever hear it too much often. interviewer: Mm-kay, okay. Um Have you ever heard of {NS} Oh, here lemme ask you this first. What all kinda animals would you have on the farm? {NS} 888: Goats. Hogs. Chickens. And, um, horses. Dogs. And That's everything. That you know. {X} interviewer: Okay what would you get milk from? 888: A cow. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um Sometimes, beside the barn, They have a special shelter for the cows to get under when it's raining. Have you ever heard anything like that? 888: Uh No interviewer: Okay, uh What would you call a place where you keep the A place where you keep the horses? {NW} 888: The barn house. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} Where where where would they milk the cows? 888: Where would they milk them at? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: They would milk them inside the barn house. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 Inside the barn # interviewer: Okay. Uh have you ever of anybody milking them outside the barn? {C: car tires screeching} 888: Yes, I have. I've heard somebody do that. interviewer: Okay. Um I just asked you if uh {X} had ever milked the cows outside, right? 888: Yes. They do milk 'em on the outside, too. interviewer: Okay, do you know of a special place Where they might just rub off, to Milk the cows, Have you ever heard of a special place like that? 888: On the cow? interviewer: Um Usually just outside the barn. A kinda makeshift sorta place 888: No, I don't I don't know. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um Okay, you said they had hogs? 888: Pigs, cows, chickens interviewer: Okay. Okay what's the difference between a hog and a pig? 888: What's the difference from them? interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Well uh from a pig you can get bacon and from a hog you can't get bacon. interviewer: Oh. How come? 888: How come? interviewer: Uh huh. I didn't know that. 888: Well, uh, All I know that A pig has bacon and a hog has like this other kind of meat like That Rib- ribby kinda meat. interviewer: What? 888: It's ribs Called that's called call the meat called ribs meat That's all I know. That's all. interviewer: Okay. Um Have you ever of a ever heard of a shoat? 888: A shoat? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: No, I haven't. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um Where would you where would you keep the hogs and pigs? Did you tell me? 888: Uh, the hogs and the pi- #1 Pigs? # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Yes. 888: Well, I would keep 'em in a pen. Or in the shelter. interviewer: Okay what kind of a pen 888: A pen where they can't get out and you know, run run all over the place. interviewer: Mm-hmm 888: Stuff like that. Keep 'em boxed in. interviewer: Okay. Um It used to be when people, before they had refrigerators and stuff, They'd take their milk and their butter and they'd put it Um, like, In a can and put it down in a stream, and keep it cool, you know? You have a word for something like that? 888: To keep it cool from melting I guess interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, you don't you have a word, for something like that? 888: No, I don't. interviewer: Okay. What, um, What would you call The milk company here in town? I mean, other than the name of it. What would you call it? 888: The Borton's company? interviewer: Yeah. Uh huh, other than the name, What would you call it? 888: Milk company, I guess. interviewer: Uh huh. Okay, you might call it a creamery, Or you might call it a 888: Dairy. interviewer: Mm-kay. Okay, um Sometimes there's a place around the barn where you might Look at cows and the mules and other animals, Just walk around, you know it's a fairly Small place that would be fenced in. What would you call that place? 888: I'd say The running running room. #1 exercise room # interviewer: #2 Okay. Okay. # Okay And then where would What would you call {X} What would you call a larger place, That had grass and stuff, Where you might let them out to graze? 888: What would I call it? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: I'd say Grazing Grazing field. interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it a pasture or a lot or a range? 888: I'd call it a pasture. interviewer: Okay. Um You know when they used to raise cotton? They had to, uh They had to make it grow better, They had to go through and kinda thin it out. You know like, Take up every other plant, or something like that. Do you know what that's called? 888: Picking up all the plants. I just say Fertilize it and Make it interviewer: Mm-kay. Okay. Sometimes they had to cut certain plants out {X} 888: Weeds. interviewer: Okay. Okay, um {NS} Uh, cotton and corn You'd probably say grow in a what? 888: Garden. interviewer: Okay. Or, if it was bigger 888: Field. interviewer: What? 888: Field. interviewer: Okay. Uh, and tobacco is grown in, uh, 888: Field interviewer: Mm-kay and What kinds of things would you say are grown in a patch? 888: Cotton. Stuff like that and Tomatoes #1 onions # interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. Uh, what's the difference between field and patch? 888: A field and a patch? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: Well, the definition of a field is is you know, You can see a field but you can't hardly see a patch because it'd be A field you can see because it's not too thick. And a patch is kinda cruddy. {NS} interviewer: Uh okay, okay. Um is there any difference in the size? 888: No, I wouldn't say different on the size but the way it looks is different From the way it looks the field and the and the patch. interviewer: Okay. Tell me some more, I don't quite understand. 888: Well a field you can see, you know, The things on the field which are growing and a patch, you know, {NW} Like it's cabbage, you can't hardly see it because it's so close together. And it'd be a lot of stuff so close together that'd be growing. You can't hardly see what you got. interviewer: Okay. Okay, I get it. Okay. What all kinds of fences are there? Around here? 888: Uh they got lawn fences, and they got brick fences, they got wooden fences they got interviewer: Yeah. Okay, what kinds of what would you call There's a kind of wooden fence that has Usually, they're painted white. And they have, uh, {X}. And, uh, {X}. The they're pointed at the top end of the fence {X} or something. 888: Picket fence? interviewer: Okay. Okay, um {NS} Okay what other kinds of fences are there? 888: Other kinds of fences? interviewer: Yes. 888: Well, they got Wooden fences, they got, you know, iron fences, they got The barbed wire fences interviewer: What? What kinda fence? 888: Barbed wire. interviewer: Okay. Yeah. 888: And you know They got Say, aluminum fences. interviewer: Uh huh. What do you have different names for aluminum fences? 888: Steel #1 steel fences. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # What about the kind of fence that's usually {X} it's woven, And it has, you know, um, holes in it about this big About 3 inches or 4 inches across 888: What kinda fence would I call it interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 888: Well I'd say I wouldn't call it I'd just say I've seen brick fences like that. But, you know, interviewer: Uh huh. 888: That's all I know. Brick fences I don't have a name for them but I just call it a brick fence. interviewer: Okay. Brick fence. Uh, you know You know the kind that has a The the wires like that, And there's a pole at the top and the the wire sticks up And if you try and climb it 888: Oh, barbed wire fence? interviewer: Well No, {X}. It's like barbed wire and that it sticks up and it'll #1 Scratch you. # 888: #2 Oh thorns? # Thorns? There's thorns on the edge of the fence? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: This one like this? {NW} There's one around and it goes up like This way and another piece going that way. interviewer: Yeah. 888: I call it the thorns. On the end of the fence. interviewer: Thorns? #1 On the end of the fence? # 888: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: But you don't have a name for the whole fence? 888: No. interviewer: Okay okay. Um Let's see. {NS} Have you ever seen a kind of fence that's made out of, uh, Split rails? And the the fence {D: and that stuff is laid kinda} zig-zag fashion, Like this? You ever seen a fence like that? 888: Zig-zag fashion? interviewer: Yeah. 888: You said going like that and then going up and going up interviewer: Yeah, well, like, You're looking straight down on it. From the air. You know how it goes ch-ch-ch-ch-ch like that. 888: Yes, I seen a fence like that before. interviewer: What would you call it? 888: I'd call it a Horizontal fence. interviewer: Okay. Um Okay, when you have a barbed wire fence, Uh, You go dig holes for the 888: Poles. #1 For the holes and # interviewer: #2 Okay. # 888: Poles interviewer: Okay, what's another Word for poles? 888: Another word for poles? interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Well, uh The only word I can say is I just say poles. {NS} interviewer: Okay. Uh {X} 888: Yeah a storm is drizzling now. interviewer: Are you saying what P-O-L, Is that what 888: P-O-L-E. interviewer: Yeah, okay. Um Oh, okay. I think I don't know what what you think, But I think of a pole as being some tall, like, Telephone pole? You know? And And then I think of something short, As being called, well it also starts with a P, But it's I call it something else. {D: Have} you have another name for that? 888: Do I have another name for it? interviewer: Yeah, instead of pole? 888: A stump. interviewer: Okay. Okay. 888: {NW} interviewer: {X} Oh yeah. What would you call A fence, or a wall, That's made of loose stone or rock that you might remove from a field? 888: Loose stone gravel. {NS} Gravel. interviewer: Okay Uh the what would you call the s-- the wall, Or the fence that you'd make out of this stuff? 888: What'd I call it? interviewer: Mm. 888: Cement. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um What what word would you use to describe your best dishes? Your most best dishes? 888: China dishes. interviewer: Okay. So if you had a egg made out of that, you'd call it 888: An egg made out of it? interviewer: Uh huh. You got china dishes, And then you got {D: Something egg} 888: Egg egg dishes yes. interviewer: No no they're not dishes, They're made out of the same stuff but The china 888: Dishes? interviewer: What? Not dishes, egg. {C: children playing in background} 888: Oh, china egg. interviewer: Mm-kay. Alright. {NS} Um {NS} {C: Laughs} Uh What would you use to carry water in? 888: A pail. interviewer: Mm-kay. Would it be made out of wood or metal? 888: Uh wood. {X} interviewer: {X} 888: Hey will y'all interviewer: Y'all keep the door closed now, okay? {C: addressing screaming/playing children} 888: I don't know. interviewer: {NW} {NW} 888: {X} interviewer: Okay. What would you Um Did I ask you if it would be made out of wood or metal? 888: Yeah and I told you wood. interviewer: Okay. Um Would you call it something else if it was made out of metal? 888: Uh {NW: Child screaming in background}. Wooden pail. #1 I mean # interviewer: #2 Okay. # {X} metal. 888: Metal? I would say {NW} No I wouldn't call it anything else. interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it was made out of plastic? 888: Plastic? I'd I'd call it {NW} {C: Children in background} Plastic pail. interviewer: Okay. 888: Hey keep the door closed. interviewer: {X} Um Okay, do you ever heard of a Of a, a pail, or bucket, Or something like that, Like, that you might keep in the kitchen, Where you throw scraps that you can use for the pigs? 888: Hey, you don't have to pay me a-- {C: Addressing other person(s)} interviewer: Okay. What what would you What would you call {NW} {C: Screaming children} A kind of bucket that or {X} That you might that you might keep in the kitchen And throw scraps in For the pigs. 888: I call it a Slop slop can. interviewer: Okay. Okay, um What all kinds of cooking utensils are there? 888: {NS} Cooking utensils? Um {NS} {C: Child interrupting} interviewer: Keep the door closed. 888: Hey, get out, shut that door closed and get outta here boy. {NS} {X} {NW} Cooking pans interviewer: Okay. 888: Cooking pots. Electric skillets. And Just about everything that you can interviewer: Okay, what would you fry eggs in? {NW} 888: A frying pan. interviewer: Mm-kay. What's it made out of? 888: What's it made out of? {X} It's made out of, uh, Just a plain skillet That's round, and {NW} It's black. interviewer: Okay is there any difference between a frying pan and a skillet? 888: No, it's the same. interviewer: Okay. Um What are {D: they} made out of? Of a heavy iron or is it made out of a wooden {X} or what? 888: It'll be, just Uh, thin, It'll be made out of, uh, Aluminum steel {X} Some parts is made out of Steel. interviewer: Okay. Um What would you call something that's big and black That you have out in the backyard that you might use to heat up water? 888: A big steel steel pot. Steel. interviewer: Okay and uh another word for pot? 888: Uh Another word for pot? interviewer: Yep. 888: Uh Can. interviewer: Okay. And if it was If you were gonna fix tea, You might call it a tea 888: Teapot. interviewer: Okay or a tea what? {X} Anything else? 888: Tea can. interviewer: What? 888: Tea can. interviewer: Okay. Um What would you call The container that you might put cut flowers in in the house? 888: What kind of container I would call it interviewer: Yeah. 888: Uh I'd call it a Flower can, or Something that I could store, you know, Different stuff in like that. interviewer: Okay. {C: blank audio} I'm talking about the kind of thing that would be, uh, Um A nice kinda thing, you know, glass Usually Or pottery and it would be shaped kinda like this And you put flowers in it 888: A mold? interviewer: A what? 888: I'd call it a mold. A vase. {NW} {C: Children playing} A vase, a mold. interviewer: Uh, what was the last thing you said? 888: A vase, uh, a mold. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 Mold. # interviewer: How do you spell that? 888: Uh, M-O {X} S-E I guess. interviewer: Oh 888: #1 {D: M-O-R-S-E-S.} # interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay. And how do you spell the the other thing you said? 888: Vase? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: V-A-S-E. interviewer: Okay. Um What all {NS} Okay, what would you call The stuff that you you set the table with, For supper, that you put beside the plate? 888: What would I call it? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: Uh Napkin. #1 Forks # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 888: Spoons. interviewer: Yeah what else? 888: And plates. interviewer: Okay. Forks, spoon, and 888: Plate. interviewer: Okay. If If you had Steak, that wasn't very tender you'd have to put out steak 888: Sauce. interviewer: Okay, or To cut it, You'd have to put out steak 888: {NS} {C: Children playing} {NS} Knife steak knife. #1 Steak knife. # interviewer: #2 What? # Okay. And if you had to put out more than one you'd have to have steak If you 888: Steak more than one? interviewer: Yeah, just more than one. 888: Steak steak knives. interviewer: Okay. Um Let's see After somebody washes the dishes, You might say, after she washes the dishes, then she what them in in cold water in hot water? 888: Uh, rinses the dishes. interviewer: Okay. Um What do you call the cloth or the rag that you use {D: in} washing {C: background noise // unintelligible speaking} Okay, what do you call the cloth or the rag that you use in washing dishes? 888: Dish rag interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the cloth or the rag that you use in drying dishes? 888: The uh Kitchen cloth. interviewer: Mm-kay. And what would you call the small square of terry cloth that you use to bathe your face? 888: I call it Just a regular Rag or a cloth. interviewer: Okay. Uh After taking a bath, You dry yourself off with a 888: Towel. interviewer: Mm-kay. And If you go in the kitchen and turn on the water, You turn the water on at the 888: Faucet. interviewer: Okay. And if it's outside where you hook up the hose, You have to turn on the 888: Faucet. interviewer: Okay. And, um, {NS} {X} {NW} Uh, let's see It used to be when they bought {X} Uh, flour, In real big quantities, They'd buy them in these big, round, wooden things that you'd call a bid, wooden 888: Barrel. interviewer: Okay. And, um, Something that's like a barrel, but that You They they have, uh, That beer comes in, sometimes, {D: now} you'd call a beer what? 888: A keg. interviewer: Okay. Now. If you've got a keg, It has a little {X} that you can turn on To get the beer out. What would you call that little thing on it? 888: Uh Stopper. Plug, or interviewer: Okay, this is to get it out with. 888: To get it out? interviewer: Uh huh. 888: The faucet. interviewer: Mm-kay. Alright. Um You might say, It was so cold last night that our water pipes 888: Busted. interviewer: Okay. And Uh I hope they won't what again tonight? 888: Freeze. interviewer: Okay. Or using busted 888: Bust. Um break interviewer: Use it use the same word. 888: Busted. interviewer: Okay. You but tonight I hope they won't 888: Burst. interviewer: Okay. Um If you were just gonna use Okay go on back to busted. 888: #1 Burst # interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay if you were gonna use that same word, you might say Uh Tonight, I hope they won't 888: Freeze to death #1 Freeze. # interviewer: #2 {X} # If you were gonna use busted. 888: Oh, bust. interviewer: Okay. Alright. And, then you might say, uh, They have What many times before? 888: Bust before. interviewer: Mm-kay. Um {NS} Used to be you could buy glasses in pretty large quantities, And do you a name that they could uh, The thing that they came in, that the molasses came in? 888: Uh, barrel. interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard it called a stand? 888: No. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} Say you had a salt box or something That didn't have a spout. And you'd have to Uh Get something to pour it into something smaller, {D: And you might now} Let me see. Okay. You'd have to get something That was shaped like If I could get it to do it Yeah. Like that. And there and pour the salt in like this to get it to come out Down here and the {X} over there. What would you call this thing? 888: I would call it a spout. Sifter. interviewer: Oh Okay. Or Would you ever call it a funnel or a tunnel? 888: I'd call it a funnel. interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} {C: Scream/shout in background} What would You use to Urge horses to go faster if you're riding in a buggy? {NS} Interviewer: What would you use To urge horses to go faster if you're riding in a? 888: A whip. Interviewer: A what? 888: A whip. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um and if you went and bought some fruit at the at the grocery store, the grocer, would put them in a? 888: Grocery bag. Interviewer: Okay or uh what What would the bag be made out of? 888: Paper. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} Sometimes you see fifty pounds of flour and {NW} in a, uh, big thing made of cloth. {NW} And used to be they used to package, uh, flour in a big, uh, Sack or a bag that was made out of cloth. What would you call that? 888: {NW} Uh dumping sack. Interviewer: A what? 888: A dumping sack. Interviewer: Okay. What is that, exactly? Would you ex--would you describe it for me? {NS} 888: Well, uh, that's the regular sack where you can put like, things in that you {X} that don't you know it don't tear too easily. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Is it made out of smooth cloth or real rough cloth? Or? 888: Rough cloth. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Is this the same kind of sack that That you might put feed or manure or seed or something in? 888: Yes. #1 {D: Near the} # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 888: {D: same.} Interviewer: Okay. Okay you have any other names for it? 888: {NS} No, call it, some would call it a bean sack. Interviewer: A what? 888: A bean sack. And. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 888: Something. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called a uh a burlap bag, or a burlap sack, or a tow sack, or a croker sack, Or any of those? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Um. {NW} Okay. What would you call you're gonna love this what would you call the amount of corn that you might take to the mill at one time to be ground? 888: {NW} #1 {D: On the time} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 888: to be ground? Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Do you have a name for that? 888: I'd say {D: say I don't know} {X} I don't know. No I don't. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Um. You might say, on a wagon, the guy didn't have a full load, he just had a? What? 888: Half a load. Interviewer: Okay. For for a half a load or partial load, would you ever call it a jag? You ever heard that? 888: No. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. {NW} Say you came out of the grocery store and you had {NW} uh {NW} three {NW} three bags of of groceries like this and it was just about all you could handle and you'd say, I had a real arm? {NW} What? 888: Full of groceries. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Say the whole thing for me, would you? 888: A whole armful of groceries. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If a light burns out in an electric lamp you'd have to put in a new? 888: Light bulb {C: Pronounced "light bub"}. Interviewer: Okay. And, if you carry out the washing to hang it up on the line you'd carry it out in a? 888: Uh buggy, or Big sheet, I guess. Interviewer: Okay and if you didn't have a sheet, you might have a {C: background noise} {NS} Plastic thing or a? {C: background noise} {NS} 888: Uh, washing to washing, I mean. Interviewer: Um. Sometimes it's made of straw, or or kinda yeah, kind of a straw and they're woven? 888: Uh, them woven baskets? {C: background noise} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um {NS} on barrels, you got wooden things that go up and down like this. And then you've got circular metal things, like this, that hold the the wooden things in place? Now, what do you call those metal things? 888: {NS} The stock. Interviewer: The what? 888: The stock that's all I know. Interviewer: Have you ever did, maybe of? #1 {X} # 888: #2 I heard of the I heard of the stock but I don't really know what the # I just say the frame. Interviewer: Okay. 888: The frame or the stock. Interviewer: On a on a basketball basket, you've got the basket part, and it hangs from a rim or you might call a rim the what? 888: Goal. Interviewer: The what? 888: The goal. Interviewer: Okay. Um anything else you might call the rim? {NS} 888: Uh free throw. Free throw line shoot. The hoop. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um {NW} what would you put in the top of a bottle so that the liquid wouldn't spill out? 888: A stopper or a lid. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If it was a wine bottle, you'd probably put a what in it? 888: A cork? Interviewer: Okay. And a can a cork wh- what's a cork made out of? Uh what? 888: A cork. What it's made out of? Interviewer: Yes. 888: It's made out of {X} {C: background noise} real thin-like wood. Interviewer: #1 Like what? # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Say it again? 888: Real li- thin-like wood. Interviewer: Okay. Okay can it be made out of anything else? 888: Uh, yes. #1 Rubber. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Like?} # 888: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 888: A rubber cork. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Um. What do you call the little musical instrument that children play, and you hold it like this? 888: A harmonica. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, what about a musical instrument that you hold between your teeth and you pick it with your fingers and it twangs? 888: What do you call that? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: {NS} You put it between your teeth? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I don't know that. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What do you use to pound nails in with? 888: A hammer. Interviewer: Okay. And, if you have a wagon and two horses, {NW} there's a long wooden piece that runs from the wagon between the horses, what do you call that? 888: Uh. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 888: What do you call it, huh? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Between the two horses well I say the divider. Interviewer: Uh okay. Uh have have you ever called it that before? I mean, uh, would you call it that if you were on a farm or? 888: No, I wouldn't call it #1 that because . # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 888: I know that. Interviewer: You just don't talk about it much. #1 Yeah # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: okay. Um okay, say you have a horse that's pulling a buggy. And before you hitch him up, you have to back him in between two long, wooden things, that stick out from the buggy? 888: {NW} Interviewer: Do you have a name for those things? 888: {D: The guide.} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Okay, uh {NW} let's see. {NW} Have you do y'all do y'all, uh, have you heard 'em called that, or do you just? You know, does that just seem like a good name for it or? 888: That's all I know a good name for it. Okay, alright. Uh {NW} okay, on a wagon wheel Alright talking about the parts of the wheel you on the inside you got the hub. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Then you got the spokes coming out and the spokes attach to a wooden thing. Okay, and on the outside of the wooden thing is a usually a metal rim, or something, but what do you call that wooden thing? 888: {NW} The axle. Interviewer: Okay. What um {NS} mm-kay. Uh {NS} Oh, okay on a buggy okay, say you got um {NW} one horse pulling buggy. {NW} And there's a piece, like, like here's the buggy, like that, and here's the horse and you got a piece of wood that runs this way, between the horse and the buggy. That you attach the leather the straps that are on the horse you know to? Do you have a name for that #1 piece of leather? # 888: #2 Oh, the bridle? # Interviewer: Yeah, the and you attach the bridle and the stuff to, well, things that come from the bridle, really, On onto that piece of wood. Do you have a name for that piece of wood? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Now Sometimes you {NW} you got a buggy and you got two horses. And then you've got one of those pieces of wood behind each one of 'em. And then you got another piece of wood behind the the the two horses. Now, do you have a name for that bigger piece of wood back here? {NS} 888: No, I don't. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um Okay, if a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was just driving along, you'd say he's doing what with that wood? {NS} 888: Mm what what he's what he's doing with it? Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. 888: Well he's driving along with it. Interviewer: Okay, would you say he's, uh, {NS} drawing it, or carting it, or hauling it, or? 888: Oh. Well, I would say he was hauling it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um {NS} okay. Suppose that there was a log that had fallen across the road. 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You wanted to get it out of the way, it was real heavy. And so you, you hook a chain up to it. {NS} And then you then you pull on the chain, and what the log out of the road? 888: {NS} Pull it out the road. Interviewer: Okay, but not {D: If we already pull on it so and the log, you have to what?} Another word. 888: Another word for {NS} I would just say {NS} {D: pitch it out the road.} Interviewer: Okay. But you can't lift it. It you know, it's real heavy, and you gotta pull it along like this. And you'd say you were what -ing the log? {NS} 888: Hitching. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Hitching? Is that what you said? Okay. Um. Would you ever say, drawing, or dragging, or or either of those? 888: I'll say dragging. Interviewer: Okay, okay. So you'd say, we have to what the log? 888: Drag the log out the road. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say, yesterday, we what the log out of the road? {NS} 888: #1 Drag the log out the road. # Interviewer: #2 Say? # I'm sorry, what? 888: Yesterday we dragged the log the log out the road. Interviewer: Okay and we had what a log out of the road there before? 888: Uh we had a log out the #1 road. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # I want the same word. Same word. 888: Oh, we dragged the log log out there before. Interviewer: Okay. Now, um in you have to use it in exactly the same sentence so you'd say, #1 many times before, we had # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What? 888: Dragged a log out the road. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you break the ground up with in the spring if you're gonna plant? 888: A spade and {D: plow.} Interviewer: Okay. Anything else you might call it? You know, it's usually drawn by a horse and you got. #1 Mm. # 888: #2 Spade and # {D:plow, pick plow}. Interviewer: Okay. Or. {NW} Okay and when you when you're doing that, you'd say you're what -ing the field? {NW} 888: Plowing the field. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} After you plow, sometimes, they go back over the ground {NW} with something else to break it up finer? {NW} #1 And do you know # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the name for that thing that they go back over with? 888: No. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called a harrow {C: pronounced hare-oh}, Or a harrow? {C: pronounced hah-roh} Or a a spring-toothed harrow or harrow {C: different pronunciations} Or a or a gee whiz? 888: No, I sure haven't. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. And, um what do you call the bar that the wheels of a car fit onto? 888: I call it uh the bar that the line and the wheels fit onto? Interviewer: Uh huh. 888: I call it the rod, I guess, the {NS} the axle. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um {NS} what would you call the X-shaped frame that you lay a log across to chop it into stove-lengths? 888: Uh. {C: Yawns} Interviewer: {D: Amen} Me too. 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 888: What do I call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh, do you have a name for it? 888: No, I don't. Interviewer: Okay. Do you have a name for an A-shaped frame, that you might use to lay the boards across in order to make a table for like a church supper or something like that? {NW} 888: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. {C: yawning} {NW} Oh excuse me. 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Alright # {NW} You fix you hair with a comb and a? {NS} 888: Comb and a pick. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or, uh, I'd probably fix my hair with a comb and a? Interviewer: #1 What? # 888: #2 Brush. # Interviewer: What? 888: Brush. Interviewer: Okay. And if I was using one of those things, you'd say I am what, my hair? 888: Brushing your hair. Interviewer: Okay. And, used to be those old-fashioned raze- straight razors, you know, they'd they'd, uh, sharpen 'em on a leather, what? {NS} 888: Um barber-shop chair. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Yeah, it was attached to the barber-shop chair. It was kinda it was just a leather? 888: {D: Hat.} {D: Leather hat.} Interviewer: Mm-kay okay. Um if {NS} mm, what do you call those things that you put in a, in a revolver? 888: Bullets. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What's another name for it? 888: Shells. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay, or # 888: #2 Am- # Interviewer: what else? 888: Ammunitions. Interviewer: Okay. You might say they weren't using live ammunition, they were just firing blank whats? 888: Ammunitions. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And but another word. 888: Blank shells. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or another word? 888: {NW} Blank bullets. Interviewer: Okay. Used to be {NS} when I was in junior high school, we there was this kind of pen that we used it wasn't a ballpoint. And it wasn't a regular fountain pen but uh you'd get these little cylinders of ink. 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And you'd unscrew them in the pen like this. And you'd stick the old cylinder in there, you know, and something punctures it. Then you'd screw the pen back together. And we'd call this something pen. {D: You ever heard?} 888: A f-fountain pen? Interviewer: No, it wasn't wasn't like a wasn't exactly a regular fountain pen it was a. 888: {D: Oh uh} I forgot what you call it but that's the most {D: I don't understand from} a long time ago. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Uh. {NW} I forgot what you call it. {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Okay. Um {NS} What do you call uh {NW} playground equipment that {NW} that kids play on and, there's a plank, and one kid gets on the other one end, and one kid gets on the other end and go up and down? 888: See-saw. Interviewer: Okay. And if they're playing on that, you'd say they are what -ing? 888: See-sawing. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you call a limber plank that's fixed at both ends? Like this, and it's limber. And kids might get on it and jump up and down in the middle? 888: Jumping jump up and down in the middle of it? Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. Do you have a name for anything like that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you have a name for a thing that's kind of homemade, and is a plank and it's anchored in the middle to a stump, or to a post, or something like that. And a kid gets on each end and they spin around on it. Do you have a name for a thing like that? 888: Merry-go-round. Interviewer: Okay. Anything else? 888: Ocean well. Interviewer: A what? 888: Ocean well. {NW} Interviewer: A? 888: Ocean well. {NW} Ocean well. Interviewer: Okay. How do you spell that? 888: Uh O-C-E-A-N-W-E-L-L-S I guess. Interviewer: Okay okay. Um {NS} okay uh, when you tie a long rope {NS} to a tree limb and put a seat on it so that children can go back and forth, you're making a? {NS} 888: A seat where people can go back and forth? Interviewer: Yeah, a long rope comes off the tree limb and you can s-? 888: Oh, swing. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. {NS} Used to be when people had coal furnaces, {NS} They had a big pile of coal over in the corner. And they had the furnace over here, you know. 888: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And they'd have a # small container with a handle, and usually that they carried the coal back and forth in? 888: Shovel. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} Anything else they might call it? {X} It didn't have a long handle like this. It had a round handle. 888: Oh a round handle? Interviewer: Yeah. Well, I mean a {NS} a wide, with like a little piece of wood in the middle like this. {NW} 888: A spout. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Do you do you have a name for anything like that? 888: No, I don't #1 really. # Interviewer: #2 Oh okay. # Um. {NW} What, on an old-fashioned kind of stove, what do you call the thing that runs from the ch- the stove to the chimney? 888: Chimney pipe. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} What do you call a small vehicle that {NS} You use to carry grass or leaves, or something like that. And it has one wheel in front, and two handles, and you push it like this? 888: A wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. {NW} Uh. What would you call a little thing that you sarp- sharpen a pocket knife on? {NW} 888: Uh. What would I call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I'd call it the file. Interviewer: {NW} A what? 888: The file. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it was like a like a rock? Kind of thing? {NW} Would you call it anything else? {NW} 888: No. {D: Got the name} #1 {D: of it that I know.} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # {NW} Uh have you ever seen a big round one? It's kind of a a stone or a rock, and you pump it, and it turns around and you can sharpen big things on it? 888: Aw, yeah. {NW} So like the {NS} {D: Sawing file.} {NW} {D: Sawing sharpener.} Interviewer: What? 888: Sawing sharpener. That's what I call it. But I don't {X} {D: it wasn't a good name that you call it but I don't know a name.} Interviewer: Okay okay. Um. {NW} Okay, I drove over here in a? 888: Car. Interviewer: What? 888: Car. Interviewer: Okay. And, if something's squeaking in my car, to lubricate it, I'd have to have somebody what the car? 888: Look it over. Interviewer: Okay. And they'd have to put some sorta? 888: Oil. Interviewer: Sticky stuff in it, probably. And you'd say, they're gonna? {NW} {NS} 888: {NW} Interviewer: Real real sticky stuff that keeps the the gears and all, from from squeaking? 888: {NW} Sticky stuff. Interviewer: Uh-huh it's usually black. {NW} In the car, it looks awful. 888: Fluid? Interviewer: {NW} {NW} No, it's not that stuff. Um. {NW} Let's see. {NS} Well I'll tell you what. {NW} Okay. Just to just to get the word. There's another thing, uh, if you fry bacon, {NS} And you get the bacon out and in the pan you have left the bacon what? 888: Grease. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Now. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} If they were gonna {D: that's catchy.} {NW} 888: Huh? {NW} Yeah. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} {C: Children screaming and car driving by} Okay, um. Okay if they were gonna put grease in my car, you'd say they're gonna what the car? 888: Grease your car. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And yesterday, they? 888: Greased your car. Interviewer: What? 888: Greased your car. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If the grease got all over your hands, you'd say my hands are all? 888: Greasy. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um. {NS} If there was a door hinge that was squeaking, you what what would you have to do to it? 888: Oil it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um. {NS} What is the stuff that people used to burn in lamps? {NS} 888: {D: Coal oil.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Have you ever heard of a makeshift lamp that you make with a rag and bottle, and kerosene? {NS} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Toothpaste comes in a? 888: Tube. Interviewer: Okay. And say they've just built a boat, and they're gonna push it out into the water for the first time you'd say they're gonna what the boat? 888: {D: Wrench it out.} Interviewer: What? 888: {D: Wrench} it out. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. {NS} What would you go fishing in on a small lake? 888: What would I go fishing in? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 888: I call it a {NS} A small boat. Interviewer: Okay any other names you might have for it? {NW} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it, like, um. {NW} A bateau, or a pirogue, or a or a rowboat, or a john boat, or anything like that? 888: {NW} I'd say rowboat. {NW} Interviewer: What? 888: A rowboat. Interviewer: Okay. I figure we should talk louder. {NW} They're getting louder #1 than you are. # 888: #2 {NW} # {NS} Okay. Interviewer: Um. If a woman wants to buy a dress a certain color she takes along a little square of cloth to use as a? {NW} 888: Uh. Clean? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Sometimes in the mail, {NW} you get toothpaste, a little tube of toothpaste, or a little bar of soap as a what? {NS} 888: A I mean, a sample? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um a little girl has on a very becoming dress and you might say, my what a what dress? 888: Pretty dress. Interviewer: I'm sorry? 888: Pretty dress. Interviewer: Okay. And suppose the little girl says to her mother, Suzie's dress is pretty, but mine is even? 888: Beautiful. Interviewer: Okay. Or? 888: Prettier. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What would a woman wear with a dress to work in the kitchen? 888: Apron. Interviewer: Okay. And to sign your name in ink, you use a? 888: Pen. Interviewer: {NW} Okay and to hold a baby's diaper in place, you'd use a? 888: Pin. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh I'm sorry I didn't hear that last one again? 888: A pin. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} Soup you'd buy, usually comes in a what kind of can? 888: {NW} Soup can. Interviewer: Okay. Or what's it made out of? If it's not aluminum, it's probably a what #1 can? # 888: #2 Steel. # Interviewer: Okay. Or {NW} Um. {NW} It's a it's a different kind of metal. It's another kind of metal. {D: Not aluminum, and it's not steel, it's a?} 888: {NW} Huh? #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 A something can? # {NW} You always hear goats #1 eat it. # 888: #2 {X} # I mean {NW} soup can? #1 {D: That's all.} # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # Kinda it's this kind of metal, the name of a kind of metal we're looking for. Sometimes a #1 roof is # 888: #2 {D: Aluminum metal?} # Interviewer: #1 made out of it, # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: like like this little roof out here? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah, it's probably that. It's it may be aluminum or it might be steel, or it might be what else? {NW} 888: I can't call it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} Foil, you know, uh Used to be made out of it and they called it something foil? 888: {NW} Aluminum foil. Interviewer: Oh okay {C: laughing} this is before aluminum foil #1 this was before you were born. # 888: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: And they they called it something foil. It's a shorter word than aluminum. {NW} Nice little short word. 888: Wrap? Interviewer: Um. It's a kind of metal. {NS} Nope okay. 888: No. Interviewer: A dime is worth what? 888: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. {NS} Used to be they'd they'd have a they'd have back when the the cowboys were around, you know and and they would go out on the cattle drives, and stuff like that? They'd have to eat their food out of? 888: Can. Interviewer: What? 888: Can. Interviewer: Okay. But sometimes they'd have plates and they were just old what? {NW} {D: Kind.} They weren't paper plates that's for sure. They were probably? 888: Utensils. Interviewer: Okay. Uh {X} #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} And and they'd all have a cup that would be made out of? What? 888: Mm. {NW} Aluminum? {NW} Interviewer: Okay, it didn't have aluminum. {NW} Before that. {NW} 888: Uh before that? Wood? Interviewer: Nope. Uh, metal, but not aluminum. 888: Oh. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Do you know what aluminum is made out of? # {NW} It's made out of a combination of metals. 888: Oh a combination. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: {X} Well, I I thought #1 another one would be # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Just guess. Uh you know if you had to guess what metals it's made out of, what would you guess? {NW} 888: What metals it's made out of? Interviewer: What what metals aluminum is made out of. {NS} 888: Different type of, uh, scrap scrap metal. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. {NW} Have you ever seen corrugated roofs? 888: Corrugated? Interviewer: Corru- you know, where it's like wavy, kinda? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Yeah okay. {NW} Would you ever call that a certain kind of metal? {NW} Mm-kay alright. #1 Um. # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} Let's see. What would a man wear to church on Sunday? 888: A suit. Interviewer: Mm-kay and if it wasn't an old one, you'd say it's a? 888: {NW} Uh if it wasn't old? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: It would be a new one. Interviewer: Okay. Or, and would you say the whole thing, it'd be a? {NW} 888: Brand new. Interviewer: Okay a a new what? 888: Suit. Interviewer: Okay would you say the whole thing? 888: A brand new suit. Interviewer: Okay. Uh okay would you describe the parts of a suit for me? 888: {NW} Oh cause if you're talking about a three piece, it's a vest. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And suit coat, and then the slacks. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh you might say that jacket has fancy buttons what it? 888: You said it has fancy buttons? #1 On it? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What? 888: I'd say it have fancy buttons on it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} Okay you said if you have the slacks okay if if uh a farmer or somebody was working on the barn, or something like that, and doing dirty work, instead of slacks, he might wear what? {NS} 888: Overalls. Interviewer: Okay. What are overalls, exactly? {NS} 888: Overalls is one piece of suit that comes altogether without, you know, taking off one piece without, you know, use, you know, you just put it on the same way you take it off. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 And it's # made together. Interviewer: Okay okay. Does it have, um. Does it have sleeves, or not? 888: Yeah, it has sleeves. Some have sleeves and some don't. Interviewer: Okay. Okay does it have, um. {NS} Okay these things that go over the shoulder, you know, if it doesn't have sleeves? 888: Oh. No, they don't have sleeves. They don't have sleeves, the straps go over the shoulder, it don't have sleeves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Okay do you have another word for those straps? {NW} 888: Uh. {NW} {D: How do you say suspenders?} Interviewer: Okay. Um ever heard of another word? Any old-fashioned words? {NW} Okay. 888: No. Interviewer: Um. {NS} If there was something on a table in the next room and you wanted it, you might say to somebody, please go in there and get it, and what it to me? 888: Bring it to me. Interviewer: Okay. And, um. If you go outdoors in the winter without your coat, and somebody runs after you and brings it to you, he'd say, here I have what you your #1 coat? # 888: #2 I have your coat. # Interviewer: I have something you your coat? 888: I have something that belongs to you? Interviewer: No, I have {NW} what brought fill in the word for me. 888: Oh, I have brought you your coat. Interviewer: Mm-kay yeah. Um. Suppose that you come home, from school or something and there's a package on the table and your mother might say, the delivery boy from Jones's store what it here? 888: Delivered your? Interviewer: Okay, you're still using bring. 888: Oh. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Can you the delivery boy what it here? 888: Brought you brought you a delivery. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-kay. You s- you might say, {NW} that coat won't fit this year, but last year it what perfectly? 888: Fit perfectly. Interviewer: What? 888: It fitted perfectly #1 last year. # Interviewer: #2 Oh okay. # Um, if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them stick out or? 888: {NW} Pudge out. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What was that word again? 888: Pudge out. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} Okay you might say this shirt isn't sanforized I hope it won't? {NW} 888: Repeat it again? Interviewer: This shirt isn't sanforized I hope it won't? {NW} #1 Draw up, or? # 888: #2 {NW} # Shrink. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say, the one I washed yesterday? {NS} 888: The one I washed yesterday shrinked. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} And it seems like lately every one I have washed has? 888: Shrink. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If a woman likes to put on good clothes, you'd say she really does like to? {NW} What? {NW} 888: Put good clothes on? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah what do you have another phrase for that? Good clothes. Uh for the process of? 888: A woman who like to put on good clothes? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Oh. I say dress. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you ev- would you say anything else if it was a man? {NS} 888: A man like to put on good clothes. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Alright. Uh. {NW} Something that I'd carry my money in is a? 888: Purse. Interviewer: Okay. And if I had a small one, it had a clasp on it, for just for carrying coins, I'd call it a? 888: Wallet. Interviewer: Okay or this is well {NW} like this. What would you call this thing? This has got a little clasp on it, see, and it's {NS} like this? 888: {NW} I'd say a little coin purse. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. {NS} What would a woman wear around her wrist? 888: Bracelet. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh. {NW} Suppose you had a lot of little things that were strung up together and used to go around your neck as jewelry what would you call them? Little round? 888: Necklace. Interviewer: Okay little, round things. 888: Little round things. Interviewer: Yeah. Not pearls, but? 888: {NW} Diamonds? Interviewer: Mm. {NS} {C: Papers rustling} 888: Not pearls but, you know. {X} Interviewer: They might have wooden they might be wooden. {NW} 888: Wooden. Interviewer: Yeah. You see a lot of African ones now. {NW} You know, um. {NW} African trade? {NW} 888: Beads? Interviewer: Yeah, okay. So you'd say you have a what of beads around your neck? {NW} 888: A lot of beads? Interviewer: Okay. Or would you ever say a pair of beads or a string of beads? {NW} 888: A string of beads. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Uh, what would you hold over you when it rains? 888: {NW} What would I hold over me? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: A umbrella. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh. {NW} What's the last thing that you put on a bed when you make it up? 888: The last thing? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 888: Uh. Interviewer: The fancy top cover. {NW} 888: Quilt. Interviewer: Okay. And what's a quilt look like? Would you describe it for me? {NW} 888: Uh it's just it's something that's real {X} and some is not. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 888: #2 It's a # plain quilt. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Um {NW} is it {NW} is it, um. {NW} Can can you tell me some more about a quilt? {NW} 888: A quilt is when you wanna keep warm and don't wanna, you know, if you don't think it's gonna get too cold you can use a quilt for that. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And a quilt you can use for different things. To keep, {D: you know, at the top of your bed up there.} Interviewer: Yeah. Well how is it made? 888: How is it made? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: It's it's made square. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And {NW} That's the only way I say square. Interviewer: Uh, what do you mean square? 888: It's got uh four corners on it. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Um. {NS} In the middle, you know the design? {NS} #1 How'd they # 888: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: make that? 888: I guess from the company they make they make that from the company. {NW} The company send it to the dealer. Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 uh-huh. # 888: #2 And the # dealer sells it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {D: Wait what are} # you asking me how they make it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well I couldn't tell you how they make it because I just bought it. I don't know how they make it. Interviewer: Okay. Would it be, um, on a quilt, would it be a a a printed kind of design, or would it be a kinda thing where you'd have to take a an individual piece of cloth and sew it in? Separately? Or would it be printed, you know, across the whole big piece? Would it be one big piece of cloth or would it be a bunch of little pieces of cloth? {NW} 888: Uh, just one big piece of cloth. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Mm-kay. Um. At the head of the bed, you lay your head on a? 888: Pillow. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} And, usually they match the sheets. And you have to put over the pillow, you have a what? {NW} 888: Sheet. Interviewer: Mm. It it usually matches the sheets, but you call it this is something different. You'd call it a? {NW} Call it #1 what? # 888: #2 What they doing? # Interviewer: {NW} Okay. You cover up you cover the pillow with a? {NW} What do you call it? 888: You quilt? Interviewer: Uh. This is like, w-when you when you pull back the quilts, you know, to get in bed, 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And, uh, the pillow has a something-or-other on it. Do you have a name for that? 888: Pillow slip? Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Okay, what was it you called that again? {NW} 888: Pillow slip. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} Uh. {NW} Have you ever heard of anything that's like a pillow, only it's about twice as long as a pillow? 888: Twice as long as a pillow? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} Okay. Uh. 888: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay say you did have a long pillow, like that, you might say {NW} that pillow didn't go just part way across the bed, it went? 888: {NW} All the way across the bed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} Um. {NW} Do you have a name for for a kind of uh bed cover that's made, you know, you saw told me a quilt was like made out of one piece of cloth. {NW} One big piece of cloth? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Do you have one that's made from made that's made out of, like, small pieces of cloth, you know, all all sewn together? {NW} Do you have a name for something like that? {NW} 888: All sewn together? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 888: Uh. Patches. Interviewer: Oh okay. {D: Does he have a} #1 name for? # 888: #2 Patch quilt. # Interviewer: Oh okay. A patch quilt, is it? 888: Yes, that's #1 what I call it. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Okay. Okay. Um. Let's see. {NW} What would you call a makeshift sleeping place down on the floor that children especially like sleeping? 888: {D: A pallet.} {D: A pallet.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. {NW} Okay, back to the farm. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Hard questions. {NW} Um. You might say, we expect a big yield from that field because the soil is very rich in what? {NW} 888: The soil is very rich in what? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's another word for rich, kind of, when you're talking about soil? {NW} 888: Good. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or fer-? {NW} 888: Fair. Interviewer: Mm mm-kay. Mm-kay. Um. W-what do you have do you have a name for a flat, lowland along a stream, that sometimes it overflows in the spring then they plow it up? #1 If? # 888: #2 Low foundation. # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 888: #2 # Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. Do you have a name for a field that might be good for nothing other than just raising grass, and clover, and alfalfa or something for hay? {NW} Do you have a name for that? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Do you have a name for a a kind of land that just has water standing in it all the time? 888: Creek. Interviewer: Okay. Well this wouldn't be flowing it'd just be standing there. 888: Well standing there for a long time, #1 A river or lake. . # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 888: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 888: #1 {D: Yeah.} # Interviewer: #2 Oh okay. # This would have, like, well I'm talking about it had grass growing up through the water, and it would only be like about a foot or two of water. #1 Or something something maybe # 888: #2 Oh # Interviewer: had trees growing up through it. {NW} Would you have a name for a land like that? {NS} 888: I call it {NW} Creek foundation. Interviewer: Mm-kay would you ever call it a marsh, or a bog, or a a slough, or a swamp, or a mudflat, or anything like that? 888: Swamp. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um in gen- in general, would a swamp be big, or would it be little? {NW} 888: I say big. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. Do you have a a name for a swampy kinda place, but it's along the sea, it's near the sea, instead of, you know, inland. {NW} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NW} What different kinds of soil is there? Can you name some kinds of soil? {NW} 888: Yes. {NW} There's ri- there's ri- rich soil, there's cheap soil, and there's fertilizer soil. Interviewer: What what kinda soil? 888: Fertilizer soil. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 888: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Uh um. # Okay let me. 888: {D: Spayton} soil. {NS} #1 {D: And that soil.} # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Okay. Up up in Dallas, where I'm from, there's this real black stuff. And, I don't know, do you have a do you have a certain name for that? 888: Black black soil? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Do I have a name #1 for it? # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # 888: No, I don't. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's see. {NS} If you had some swampy kind of water, swampy kind of land, and you want to get that water off, you'd say, we are? {NS} And you'd send some men out there to to dig a thing, you know, to get the water out and you'd say they are what -ing the the swamp? {NW} #1 What -ing # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what -ing the water off? {NW} 888: {D: Rowing } the water off. Interviewer: What? 888: {D: Rowing} the water off. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's see. {NW} If sometimes, uh, when you pour water off of vegetables, you say you got to what the vegetables? {NW} You know if you're cook cooking 'em? {NW} 888: Cook the vegetables. Interviewer: Okay, and if you're cooking the vegetables, and you got a bunch of water on them then you're gonna eat 'em but to eat 'em you want to get rid of the water. 888: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 So you have # to pour the water out, or you'd say I'm? #1 Doing? # 888: #2 Pouring the # water off. Interviewer: Okay. Would you use another word besides pour? {NW} 888: Pouring. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Would you # 888: #2 Would I # use another #1 word? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # uh-huh. 888: Empty. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody came {NW} And took the gasoline out of your tank of your motorcycle some night when you weren't looking you'd say they did what with the gasoline or other than stole it, you might they what it out of the tank? 888: They emptied it out of the tank. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. {NS} Okay, back to the swamp. Okay? They they dug a {NS} a thing to get the water to flow out of the swamp, okay? And what would you call that thing that they dug? {NW} 888: A trench. A trench. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. {NS} What would you call do you have a name for a shallow {X} {D: with a C?} That goes in? Do you have a name for anything like that? {NW} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. What about just a tidal stream, do you have any a name for anything like that? 888: Tidal stream? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay, say you got a a valley. A real narrow valley, and it's real deep. Now, it was cut by water. Rushing through. #1 Sometimes it's # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: dry, and sometimes it's got water in the bottom of it. But it's cut by this water rushing through, and it's out in like a field like out in the woods or something like that. And it might be, say, ten feet deep. What would you call that? {NW} 888: Ten foot deep? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call the thing? 888: {NW} I don't know. I wouldn't call it nothing. Interviewer: Would you ever call it a wash, or a ravine, or {NS} {D: a hall, or a} or a gully, or a gulch, or a draw? {NS} 888: No. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Say there'd been a heavy rainfall, and {NW} there's {NS} you got dirt roads, you know. And there's a little thing like this just cut across the road, maybe about this deep. Uh, what would you call that? {NW} 888: About how deep? Interviewer: {D: I mean it like this.} {NS} 888: What'd I call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: A dip. Interviewer: Okay. And it's only about this wide, though. 888: Uh. {NW} A hole. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. {NW} Mm. {NW} What all kinds of fresh, flowing water is there? {NW} 888: Stream water. Spring water. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 888: And rain water. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. So water flows in a spring, it flows in a stream, and it flows in the Guadalupe what? 888: River. Interviewer: Okay. And what other what else is there besides streams, rivers, and? 888: {D: It would on a stream.} {NS} It would on, you know, different lakes, I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Is there another is there another word that you use for stream? {NW} 888: Trench. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. I mean, that's. #1 {X} # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What, hmm? 888: Go ahead. Interviewer: What are the names of some, some uh, {NS} things like that, other than the rivers around here? 888: What are some other names for it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 888: Uh, they got creeks. {NW} #1 And alleys. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 888: {NW} Stream alleys, and. {NW} Interviewer: An alley? Is this something #1 {X} # 888: #2 Stream alleys. # Interviewer: #1 Stream alley. # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What's a stream alley? 888: Well it's a little narrow alley of water just comes right down and out. {NS} And they got the, you know, {NS} the precipitating rain come down the you know down, you know, straight down the stream. Interviewer: Oh, is it is it man-made, kinda? 888: Uh. Yes, it's man-made. But sometimes, they not man-made. They just run straight down, you know, the back alleys. Interviewer: Uh I get it, yeah. Okay. What, um, can you name some of the creeks that are around in this in this neighborhood? 888: Well, I can name {D: John Dallas} creek and it's uh Westside creek I used to live at and it's uh another name is Gonzales creek. And there's a creek over there on the Eleanor heights, a Lenwood creek. Interviewer: What creek? 888: Lenwood creek. Interviewer: {NW} Mm-hmm. Okay. 888: That's the only ones I can think of. Interviewer: Okay. Mm-kay. Um. {NW} What would you call um {NW} A rise in the land? 888: A rise in the land? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: A hump. Interviewer: Okay. Or a bigger one? {NW} 888: Uh. Hill? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Mm-kay. Um. {NS} Let's see. What do you call that thing that you turn on a door to get it open? 888: Knob. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the word knob uh to refer to something like a hill? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um. {NS} Okay if it's bigger than a hill, you'd call it a? {NS} 888: It's bigger than a hill? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: {X} {X} Interviewer: A what? 888: If it's bigger than a hill, what would I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 888: Uh. Mountain. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh. The rocky side of a mountain that drops off real sharp, {NS} and it's a rock, the sheer rock, you know. Well it just goes straight down like this. 888: Volcanic, volcano? Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Well this is like the side of it. You know it, like, Usually mountain will slope up like this. Kinda. But maybe it slopes up this way and then it goes down part way and it just goes {NS} straight. Like that and you'd call that what? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. The lone ranger used to jump his horse off the edge of a? 888: Cliff. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had two of 'em, you'd call 'em two? 888: Cliffs? Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} Up in the mountains where the road goes across a low pl- in a low place? You'd call it a what? 888: A stream. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Used to be, when a gunfire killed a man, he'd cut a what in his belt? {NS} Or in his gun-handle? 888: Cut a what in his gun? Interviewer: Uh yeah something. A little {NS} He'd just take his knife and cut a little thing in his either in his belt, or in his gun-handle? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay okay. Um. What would you call the place where boats stop and where they unload freight? 888: Shipping. Shipping lot. Interviewer: A what? 888: Shipping lot. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} What would you call a place in a river or some place where a large amount of water falls a long distance? 888: Waterfall. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What are roads made out of around here mostly? 888: {NW} Rock pavement. Gravel. Interviewer: Hmm. 888: And that's all I know. Interviewer: Okay. What what do what's that black stuff that they use to, um, fill in the cracks? 888: Tar. Interviewer: Okay. And let's see uh. And if the road wasn't paved at all, you'd say it's a? 888: If it wasn't paved at all? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. Yeah. # 888: #2 {D: Webber.} # Interviewer: What? 888: {D: Webber.} Or. Interviewer: Okay, but {X} it's just? 888: Dirt road. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. What would you call a little road out in the country that goes off the main road? 888: Side road. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Okay suppose you're going down to a man's farm, and you're going down {NS} the public road, okay? You're going down the main road. {X} But then you turn off and you turn into his land. And you're actually on his land, you know. But his house is maybe a mile down the road. What would you call that road that you'd have to go to on his land to get to his house? 888: What would I call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 888: Back road. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Okay. {NS} Uh, suppose it was like a big plantation thing, and you had {NS} a big tree-lined entrance, you know, into the front. Up to the front of the plantation. Do you have a name for that? {NS} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. What about do you have a name for, um, for the track that you might drive cattle down if you take 'em to pasture? Do you have a name for that? 888: Stream. Interviewer: Okay. Okay what do you mean, exactly? 888: Uh, a narrow stream where you can walk down. Interviewer: Okay. Mm-kay. Um. Can what do you call the thing by the side of the street for people to walk on? 888: The sidewalk. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And sometimes there's a strip of grass, a piece of grass, between the sidewalk and the street, what would you call that? 888: {NS} The edges. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Um. Say that two boys were walking across a field and one of 'em saw a crow, in the field eating the farmer's corn. So he'd reach down and he'd pick up a? 888: Rock? Interviewer: A what? 888: A rock. Interviewer: Okay, and then he'd? 888: #1 Throw it. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I'm sorry, what? 888: Throw it. Interviewer: Okay. Okay if somebody came to visit your mother, okay? And you met that person out in the yard you might say she's not what the house, she's what the garage. 888: She's not what in the garage? Interviewer: She's not okay this is the whole thing. She's not what the house, she's what the garage. Can you fill in the whats? {NW} 888: {D: Laboring.} Interviewer: Okay like okay just just take the sentence like this, okay, and just tell me what? 888: {D: Do what with it?} Interviewer: Just take the word what and replace it with something else. Okay? 888: {NW} Uh #1 uh what # Interviewer: #2 She. # 888: she is? Interviewer: She is not {NW} {NW} {NW} the house she's {NW} the garage? 888: {NW} She is not the house she is not the garage. She is not the house. Interviewer: She's not what the house? 888: She is not the house. Interviewer: {NW} You you're trying to tell them where your mother is. Okay? 888: Oh. Oh she's not in the house. She's not in the garage. {NW} She's not in the house. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. {D: Let me see.} Uh. What kinds of stuff do people drink for breakfast? 888: Orange juice, milk. {NW} Interviewer: What else? 888: Uh. Juices. {D: They had} juices. {X} And water. {NW} Interviewer: What kind of stuff do you drink if you're sleepy? 888: What kind of stuff would you drink coffee. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} I should have had some more this morning. #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 It's. # Interviewer: Okay some people like it {NW} milk and other people like it {NW} #1 milk. # 888: #2 Cream. # Or some like it with milk and some like it with cream. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. 888: Some like it with. Interviewer: Okay. But okay don't talk about cream at all, just #1 talk about milk, okay? # 888: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: And if you can just fill in the blanks here. Some like it {NW} milk and some like it {NW} milk. 888: Oh some like it with with milk and some don't like it with milk. Interviewer: Okay. Or if if you were gonna s- another way of saying don't like it with milk is they they like it what? Milk? 888: Cream. Interviewer: Um. 888: Oh. Interviewer: Don't like it with you'd s- uh what's another word, just one word, for don't like it with? The opposite of with is? 888: The opposite of what? Interviewer: The opposite of with. Just the word with. 888: Withs? Interviewer: {X} Okay you can go to the store with me, or you can go to the store what me? 888: Without me? Interviewer: Okay. Now. Uh yeah alright. That's all that's all I need. Uh. Let's see. Oh, uh. {NS} Coffee without milk what would you call that? 888: Coffee without milk? Interviewer: Yeah do you have another name for that? Or without milk and sugar? 888: Straight. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. {NS} Is there another word for it? 888: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # What what would you call what is black coffee? Have you heard that? 888: Yes. Interviewer: What is black coffee? {NS} 888: What is it? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 {D: Black coffee} # is when you want to drink it straight. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 And you don't # want nothing in it. Interviewer: Okay so same as straight. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Have you ever heard of barefooted? Drinking coffee barefooted? 888: Drink the coffee barefooted? Interviewer: #1 Yeah but # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Barefoot uh barefooted coffee? 888: No. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. If someone's not going away from you, you could say he's coming? What you? 888: To you. Interviewer: Okay another word for to would be? 888: Come. Interviewer: Uh no. He's not going away from you, he's coming? {NS} 888: To. {NS} To you from you. Interviewer: Okay, #1 or # 888: #2 He's coming # away from you. Interviewer: Mm-kay another word for to? No he's he's coming at me. #1 He's coming # 888: #2 Away from # Interviewer: to me, or he's coming? {NS} What? 888: Away from you? Interviewer: No another word for this way? 888: Oh coming from. Coming to me? Interviewer: To. {NW} 888: Oh, he coming toward me. Interviewer: Yeah okay. 888: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay let's see. Um. Okay um. Say you saw somebody This morning that you hadn't seen for quite a while. You might say, this morning I just happened to what oh so-and-so? 888: Seen somebody. Interviewer: Okay. And later on you were telling another friend about it. And you'd say, I wasn't looking for him, I just sort of ran? 888: Into him. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If a child is given the same name that her mother has, you'd say that they named the child what her mother? 888: After her mother. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} If you wanted your dog to attack another dog, or to attack a person, You might say what to the dog? 888: Sic him. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If your dog was uh. a mixed breed. You'd you might call him a what? 888: Half and half. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um. If it was a worthless, good-for-nothing kind of dog, you'd call it a what? {NS} Do you have a name? {NS} 888: A potham. Interviewer: A what? 888: Potham. Interviewer: How do you spell that? 888: {NW} P-O-T. {NW} P-O-T-S-H-A-R-M. I mean H-A-M-S. Potham. Interviewer: Okay. Mm-kay. {X} #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um. Okay what if it's a small, noisy, yapping kind of dog what would you call that? 888: Whining dog. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. You might say, yesterday that dog what the postman? 888: Bit the postman. Interviewer: Okay. You might say, that dog will what anybody? 888: Bite anybody. Interviewer: Okay. And the mailman had to go to the doctor after he had been? 888: Bit. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Let's see. {NS} Would you ever say uh that somebody was dog bit? Or would you say he or would you just say he was bit by a dog? Would you use the phrase dog bit? 888: {D: Rabie.} I mean, would I be using the phrase bit? Interviewer: Mm no just dog bit together like that or would you say bit by a dog? 888: Bit by a dog. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Mm-kay. Um. Okay you say you keep a cow for milk okay and a and a cow is a female and so what do you call the male of that species? 888: What do I call the male of that species? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: The boy. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Or let's see. {NS} Sometimes You hear about somebody who who at the Fort Worth Fat Stock Show or something who wins a a prize for a prize-winning? What? 888: Prize-winning uh. Interviewer: And it'd be it'd be the male. Like this. 888: Livestock. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-kay would you ever call it a um just uh the male, or the seed ox, or the stock cow, or the bull, or the toro, or any of those? 888: No. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Okay used to be they kept work animals around. And, you know to pull things, pull heavy loads and stuff. And some of 'em kinda looked like horses but they weren't, they had long ears. And you'd call them what? 888: Jackass. Interviewer: Okay, or another word? 888: Oh, donkey. Interviewer: Okay, bigger than a donkey? {NS} 888: Bigger than a donkey? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Horses? Interviewer: Uh. {D: Yeah yeah, they're more like horses.} But they're they're I think they may even be a cross between a donkey and a horse. Not positive about that. 888: They bigger than you said they bigger than a horse? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 Is that what # Interviewer: #1 A lot of times they are, yeah. # 888: #2 you said? # Interviewer: They wouldn't be bigger than a than the #1 biggest horses, # 888: #2 And they? # Interviewer: but they're big. 888: And they pull? They got four legs? Interviewer: Yeah, uh-huh. And long ears. 888: Uh. I don't I wouldn't know what they're called. Donkey mule? Interviewer: What? 888: A mule? Interviewer: Okay, okay. If you had two mules, {NS} hitched together to pull something, you'd call that a what of mules? {NS} 888: Two mules. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Okay, if you had four of 'em hitched together, you'd call 'em a what? 888: Four mules. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh. If you had okay, if you had four, um two oxen hitched together, you'd call 'em a what? 888: Two oxes. Interviewer: Two what? 888: Two oxes. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had four hitched together you'd call 'em? 888: Four oxes. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. Let's see. If you had a cow and it had a little one, you know, you'd call the little one a what? 888: And he had a {D: and he said if he had one?} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: What would I call it? Interviewer: Yeah, the little one. 888: {D: A shedding cow} I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Well I mean it it when it's first born, you'd call it a? 888: Nanny. Interviewer: Okay. Okay, um. Let's see. If you had a cow by the name of Daisy, okay? Who was gonna have a little one, you'd say Daisy is going to what? 888: {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Daisy was gonna have a little little one, okay? 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay and so you'd say Daisy is going to? 888: Have a little one? Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NW} Um. Riding animals are called what? 888: Riding animals? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Horses. Interviewer: Okay. And a female one is called a? What? 888: {D: Well a horse I guess.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh. And if you had okay, you got one horse, but if you had two, then you'd say you had two? 888: Horses. Interviewer: Okay. When do you have to leave? 888: Uh I'm supposed to be taking off at three o'clock. Interviewer: At th- oo okay um {NS} okay let's see. Uh. {NS} Okay what would you call a male horse? 888: A male horse? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I would call a male horse just a boy {X} I mean a boy horse. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Alright um. You might say, everyone around here likes to what horses? 888: Everyone around here likes to ride horses. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say, last year he what his horse every day? 888: Rode his horse every day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay and you might say, he had what it every day for? Auxiliary : Hi. 888: {D: How you doing?} Interviewer: You'd say, uh {NS} okay, he rode his horse every morning, right? 888: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # and he had what it every day for years? 888: He had it for years? Interviewer: He had we were talking about rode. 888: He had rode it for years. Interviewer: Okay oh okay. Um. And if you couldn't stay on, you'd say, I fell what the horse? 888: I fell off the horse. Interviewer: Okay. And a little child went to sleep in bed, and he found himself on the floor in the morning, he'd say I must've? 888: Fell out the bed. Interviewer: Okay. And the things that you put on a horse's feet to protect him from the road, you'd call what? 888: Horseshoes. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the game that you play with those things? 888: What do I call the game? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Uh. Interviewer: Have you heard of a game that you'd call those things? #1 {X} # 888: #2 Play with play with horses? # Interviewer: H- hor- horseshoes. 888: Oh, horseshoes. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 Uh, yes. # Horseshoe game {X} you know the stick in the ground. Interviewer: Okay how you how do you play it exactly? 888: You get it right on the side of the ring. And if you get it on the ring, you you know, win. So many rings horseshoes you gotta get round the thing. Interviewer: Okay. Okay, so you'd what what is it you'd put something in the ground and you throw 'em at it? 888: Yeah. And try to rope the ring. And. You, you know, rope the ring you win you win a game or something. Interviewer: Wait so what do you mean rope the ring? What do you mean there? 888: #1 You gotta get the # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 888: horseshoe all the way around the ring. And kinda, you know, make it stay on the ring. Not off the ring. Interviewer: {D: I get okay.} How far back do you get when you toss it? 888: You get about you get about say about four feet back. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um. What part of the horse's feet do you put the shoes onto? 888: What part of the feet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: On feet. Interviewer: Okay, well the bottom part of the feet you'd call the? 888: The heel. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name you know for it? 888: {NS} No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Uh a male sheep is called a? {NS} 888: Male sheep. Interviewer: Yeah. You don't know the name for a male sheep? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay what about a female sheep? 888: Lamb. I mean I only know it's a sheep. Interviewer: Okay. Okay #1 that's fine. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do they raise sheep for, anyway? 888: What do they raise 'em for? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 888: Some people get milk from 'em. I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. 888: And {NS} fur, I guess. Interviewer: Okay what's another name for that fur? {NS} 888: What's another name for it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. They make nice clothes out of it. You know? Heavy #1 coats? # 888: #2 Oh, wool? # Interviewer: What? 888: Wool. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} Okay, talking about Hogs, you know? Back to hogs. 888: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 What would # you call a male hog, do you have a name for him? 888: A male hog? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Uh. No. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um. {NW} Okay. {NW} When you have a little pig, you know, okay, you got a he hasn't grown up yet. Okay, and it's a male. And you don't want him to grow up to be able to breed, to be used for breeding. What would you say you have to do to him? 888: Keep him and have him spayed-ed. Interviewer: Okay. Okay, and what would you call one that's that that's been done to? 888: What would you call one? Interviewer: Yeah, do they have a name for that? {NS} 888: Virgins. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Let's see. Hmm. What do you call those those real stiff hairs that they have on the back of uh ho- on the hog has on it's back? 888: Uh. {NS} Bristle I guess. #1 Bristles. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # What? 888: Bristles. Interviewer: Okay. And the big teeth {D: that are on the heads} what would you call them? {X} 888: What would I call 'em? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Just teeth. Interviewer: Okay. And you put the food {NS} for a hog in a long metal what? 888: Tray. Interviewer: Okay. Another word do you have another word? 888: Uh. Drock. Interviewer: What? 888: Drock. Interviewer: Okay, okay. Uh. How would you spell that? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} I'm not too good at spelling either. Do you have a name for a hog that that's grown up wild? 888: Wild hog. Interviewer: Okay. Okay um. 888: Go ahead. Interviewer: Okay. {D: We'll do} {D: just a little bit more and get to the end.} Uh. What do you call a noise that's made by a calf when it's being weaned? 888: Nah. #1 Nah nah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 888: {X} That's all I know. Interviewer: Okay. #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh what about a gentle uh we got a whole whole list of noises here. See if you have names for these noises #1 okay? # 888: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Uh. Do you have a A name for a gentle noise that's made by a cow during feeding time? 888: {D: During f-} uh feeding time? Interviewer: Mm-hmm I mean I don't uh you may not. I don't know you might. 888: {NW} Uh. No, I don't. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, let's see. What about a gentle noise that a horse makes? 888: {C: Whinnies} #1 Or something like that. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay. {C: Laughing} You have a name for it? That sound? 888: Whinny. {C: pronounced like whine-y or wangy} Interviewer: A what? 888: A whinny. {C: pronounced like whine-y or wangy} Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um. Let's see. {NS} Okay say you've got {NS} uh, some horses and mules and cows and so on. And when they're getting hungry, you say you have to go out and feed the what? {NS} Do you have one word for all horses and mules and cows? 888: The animals. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay you got hens and turkeys and geese and chickens and all that. You gotta go out and feed the? You have one word for all those? 888: Animals. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh a hen on a nest of eggs is called a? What kinda hen? 888: Rooster. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's see. What do you call the little place where chickens live? 888: Hen house. Interviewer: Okay. What if it's Is is is a house a hen house covered, or is it just a little wire thing, or? 888: Uh it's Covered with wiring. But like a shed-house. Interviewer: Okay. Okay do you have any other names for it? 888: A shed shed house, hen house. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 That's the # only name I can give you. Interviewer: Well would you ever call that, um a chicken coop or a chicken coop? {C: Pronunciation} 888: Chicken coop. Interviewer: Okay. Um. When you have fried chicken. 888: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And there's this one # 888: {X} Interviewer: {NW} {D: Right.} There's one piece that kids get, and they pull it apart, and what do you call that piece? 888: Uh, the wing. #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Mm. There's a particular piece that you know like you get on one end and I get on the other. 888: Oh, I know what you're talking about. A wishbone? Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Now what's the deal with a wishbone? Is there a is there a story behind it or legend or a? 888: Well, all I can say is way back then that's what we used to do. We'd just make a wish, and then the wish may come true and it might not come true. Interviewer: Okay. 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 W- # When you pull it apart. Which which end is the the end you wanna get? 888: The biggest part. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Uh. What do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you can eat? Like the liver and the heart and the gizzard and so on? What do you call that? Chicken what? 888: Chicken fillings, I guess. Chicken meat. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh, what about the inside part of a pig or a calf that you can eat? 888: {X} What what's the name of it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Liver, gallbladder. Interviewer: {NS} Uh this this next thing is some more about the the inside of a pig um what do you call the inside of a pig that sometimes you eat and sometimes you stuff sausage in? You ever heard anything like that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um okay if you hear your cow mooing outside and your and your horse neighing and they're hungry you say gee I didn't realize it's so late it's almost #1 What? # 888: #2 Feeding # time. Interviewer: I'm sorry what? 888: Feeding time. Interviewer: Okay. Um Okay do you know of any any calls to that you call the cows to get them to come in from the pasture? 888: No. Interviewer: okay. What about uh horses? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um what about calling calves? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about something that you say to a cow to make it stand still during uh milking? You know of anything that you say? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um what do you say to mules or horses to make them go right or left when you're plowing? You know? 888: No. No I don't. Interviewer: Okay. Um. How would you call uh pigs if you were gonna call them in to feed them? 888: What would I call them? Interviewer: Yeah, how would you call? 888: I wouldn't call them none, I just. Interviewer: {NW} You just wouldn't call them huh 888: {NW} Interviewer: Okay um. Do you know of uh of a way to call chickens when you want to feed them? 888: Chick chick chick. Interviewer: Okay um. What do you say to a horse to urge him on? #1 If you # 888: #2 Giddy-up. # Interviewer: Okay. Is that when he's already moving or is that when he's standing still or is that neither? 888: Uh when he's moving. Interviewer: Okay well if he's standing still and you want him to go what do you say to him? 888: What do I say to him? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Giddy-up. Interviewer: Okay um. What would you say to stop him? 888: Hold. Interviewer: Okay And what if you want him to back up? {NS} 888: I don't know about back up. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} Did I ask you about yeah do you know about any any calls to sheep to get them to come in? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh if you wanna get if you if you wanna hitch a horse to a buggy or a wagon what do you have to put over its shoulders? 888: A blanket. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} So lets see if you're gonna ride and you put a saddle on his back and a bridle on his head but this is like he's gonna pull something so you put this big thing around his shoulders. Do you know what that's called? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um when you're plowing with a horse you know what do you call those leather things that you hold in your hand that you guide him with? 888: mm I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. What if you're just riding the horse? What do you call the leather things that you hold in your hand to guide him with? 888: A bridle. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um. {NS} When you're riding a horse where do you put feet into when you're riding? 888: The riding uh the riding stock on the side of the horse. Interviewer: Oh okay the what? 888: The riding stock. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. If you plow with two horses do you know what you call the one that walks in the furrow? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um. {NW} If something is not right near at hand you might say it's just a little what off? 888: Far off hand. Interviewer: Okay. Or a little not very far it's just a little mm off 888: Close. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If you'd been traveling and you haven't finished your journey you might say that you had a mm to go before dark. A what to go before dark? 888: To go? Interviewer: Yeah you have a {NW} something to go before dark. 888: Oh I have something to go before dark? Interviewer: {X} You told me the distance. 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: mm 888: Oh you got a long distance to go before dark. Interviewer: Okay. Or another word for distance? You might say a long? 888: Hike. Interviewer: Okay uh. Any other thing that just for distance? 888: Long journey. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If something is real common and you don't have to look for it in a special place you'd say you could find that just about? 888: Anywhere? Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody slipped on the ice and fell this way did you say he'd fell? 888: Backwards. Interviewer: Okay. And if he fell this way you'd say #1 he fell # 888: #2 frontwards. # Interviewer: What? 888: Frontwards. Interviewer: Okay. Um. I might catch a a say did you catch a fish and you might say no what a one? Something a one? 888: No, but I caught one fish. Interviewer: No you didn't catch any. 888: Oh. I didn't catch any fish. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard the word nary or nary {C: pronunciation} used? 888: Repeat it please? Interviewer: Nary? Or nary? {C: pronunciation} 888: Narrow? Interviewer: #1 No nary one or # 888: #2 I think you said narrow? # Interviewer: nary {C:pronunciation} one? You ever heard that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um. A schoolboy might say about a scolding teacher he might say why is she blaming me? I mm wrong. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Fill in the blank there. 888: She's wrong. Interviewer: No. I why is she blaming me? I 888: I didn't do anything. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If somebody apologizes for breaking something of yours. So they you know like broke it And you might say oh that's okay I didn't like it 888: Any- any- anyway. Interviewer: Okay. Um. A crying child might say he was eating candy and he didn't give me 888: Any. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. And you might say now that kid is spoiled. When he grows up he'll have his trouble. 888: Elsewhere? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say apt as not or like as not? Either one? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you call those trenches that the plow cuts when you plow? 888: Uh. What'd you call them? Trenches trenches? Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh. Would you ever call them furrows or furrows? {C: pronunciation} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. If you have a uh uh if you raise a-a lot of wheat or something you'd say we really did raise a big what? Something with wheat. 888: A big wheat patch. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Sometimes on the news you'll hear uh you'll hear them reporting farm prices and stuff you know. And uh they'll say this year we're gonna have a bumper what? {NS} 888: Should we have a bumper auction? Interviewer: Uh okay okay. Um if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you might say you did what to the land? 888: Cleaned it off. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Sometimes if you cut grass you know for hay. 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Sometimes it will grow back again in the same season and then you go back and cut it again and do you know what you'd call it when you cut it again? Is there a name-do you have a name for that? 888: If it grow again? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what {X} when you cut it again? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What would you call or would you call the old dry dead grass that's left over on the ground in the spring? Would you call that anything? 888: Dead grass. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What would you call a crop that hadn't been planted that year but it just came up anyway? By itself? 888: A weed. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Wheat after you cut it you might tie it up into a what? 888: Bundle Interviewer: Okay mm. The bundles then you'd tie up into bigger things and you'd call them what? 888: Bundle Bundles? Interviewer: Uh. Okay would you call them bundles too? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay okay. You might say we raised forty what of wheat to an acre? 888: Forty pounds of wheat a acre Interviewer: Okay or this is like a-a-a you can get a basket that's a something basket. It's that measurement. 888: Mm. Interviewer: Uh. A peck is half a what? 888: A peck is half a? Interviewer: {X} 888: An animal? Interviewer: #1 Uh.Um. # 888: #2 I mean not an animal. # Interviewer: It's uh it's a name of a measurement you know I think a basket is about the size. 888: Half of a basket? Interviewer: Okay okay uh. Let's see. What do you have to do with oats to separate grain from the rest of it? Would you ever say threshed or thrashed? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's see. Um. If there was something that that we had to do today okay we'd say we could say we have to do it or we could say I could-I could say Mm and mm have to do it. What would I say? {NW} 888: Me and I mean you and I have to do it. Interviewer: Okay okay or if you were talking to me you'd say what and I had to do? 888: I was talking to you? Interviewer: Uh-huh you'd say? 888: She and I had to do it. Interviewer: Okay but you're talking to me you'd say. 888: She. I'm talking to you. Interviewer: #1 No you're # 888: #2 She has to do it. # Interviewer: talking about me too. You're saying. 888: She. Interviewer: {NS} 888: I mean. Interviewer: Okay you don't-I'm gonna do it with you. 888: #1 Oh. You have to do it? # Interviewer: #2 Okay? {X} # Okay and you and what 888: You and I have to do it. Interviewer: Okay okay. And say somebody wants us for a job okay. They didn't want just you and the didn't want just me he wants what of us? 888: Both of us to do the job. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If a friend of yours and you are coming over to see me you might say mm and mm are coming over. 888: Me and- I mean my friend and I are coming over. Interviewer: Okay. And if you didn't say my friend you'd say 888: Me me I mean. Myself is coming over. Interviewer: {X} Well okay you already told me you were coming so but you'd say yeah you don't want to say the friend's name or you don't want to say my friend you just say #1 hey. # 888: #2 My- # self is coming over. Interviewer: Okay no. Something and I are coming. 888: #1 Something and I are coming over. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Fill in the something what would you call him even if he wasn't here. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Or just Him or he or she or her. Pick one of those. 888: Oh. Her is coming over. Interviewer: Okay and I okay. Put-would you put the whole thing together. Say okay you and friend. 888: Oh. Interviewer: are coming to see me. So you say mm and mm are coming to see you. 888: Her and she is coming to see. Interviewer: Okay but you're coming too. 888: Oh. Me and- me and I and my friends coming to see. Interviewer: Okay okay. Uh. If you knock at a door and they say who's there? Okay they know your voice and so you say it's You-you're knocking at the door and they say who's there? 888: Oh. Interviewer: And they know that you know you're {X} So you just say it's? 888: Me. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. And if we're sitting here expecting some guy who knocks at the door we know he's gonna come he's coming you know and you say oh it's only. 888: A friend. Interviewer: Okay but you don't want to say that you just say you just want a pronoun. 888: Oh. Interviewer: Just say oh it's only. 888: Me. Interviewer: Okay but it's not you it's. 888: Oh it's only uh. Interviewer: He or him or her or she 888: Oh it's only him. Interviewer: Okay uh. {NW} If it's a woman you'd say it's only. 888: Her. Interviewer: Okay and if it was two people you'd say it was only 888: Two person. Her. Interviewer: Okay but a pronoun again. 888: Him and her. Interviewer: Mm. They 888: They- they Interviewer: It's only. 888: They and us. Interviewer: Just okay just pick-take one. If there's two people at the door you'd say it's only. 888: Us. Interviewer: Okay. But it's not us it's. Say two of those kids came to the door you'd say Oh it's 888: It's only them. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Uh compare how tall you are you might say he is not as tall as 888: Me. {NS} Interviewer: What? 888: Me. Interviewer: Okay. And comparing how tall you are again you might say I'm not as tall as. 888: She. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Comparing how well you can do something you might say he can do it better than. 888: I. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If a person had been to New Mexico okay and hadn't gone any more west then you'd say New Mexico is mm west he'd ever been. 888: New Mexico is west. Would you repeat that please? Interviewer: Okay. If he had gone to New Mexico but he hadn't gone any more west okay he'd say New Mexico is the mm west he's ever been. 888: New Mexico is the west {D: end} he ever been. Interviewer: Okay the okay the would you ever use it like with with something to do with the word far like if the. 888: Oh. Mexico is the farthest place he ever been. Interviewer: Okay okay uh. Mm let's see if something belongs to me okay like okay that's my purse and you and you might give it to me and say it's? 888: Your purse. Interviewer: Okay or if you leave off purse you'd just say it's? 888: Hers. Interviewer: Okay or if you're talking to me you'd say it's y- 888: Yours. Interviewer: Okay. And if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's. 888: Us. Interviewer: #1 If # 888: #2 I mean ours. # Interviewer: Yeah. 888: #1 It's our purse. # Interviewer: #2 What- what'd you say? # Okay but leave off purse you'd say it's? 888: Ours. Interviewer: Okay. And if it belongs to them out there you'd say it's? 888: They purse. Interviewer: Okay. And if it belongs to um. How would you say it without purse? 888: Oh they. Interviewer: Okay. And c- and if it belongs to him some other guy you'd say it's? 888: His purse. Interviewer: Okay uh. Let's see. Okay say some people have been to visit you and they're about to leave and you'd say to them Mm come back again. 888: Good bye. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say anything to them I mean a direct address kind of thing? 888: Yes. Interviewer: What would you say? 888: Good bye. Interviewer: Okay but I mean would you call them anything? Like would you say 888: Yes Interviewer: You or y'all or 888: #1 See y'all later. Good bye. # Interviewer: #2 You all or # What'd you say? I'm sorry. 888: I'll see you later. Good bye. Interviewer: Okay okay. Um. If somebody's been to a party and they started to leave and you were asking about their coats and stuff like that you might say to them where are mm 888: #1 Our coats. # Interviewer: #2 coats? # What? 888: Our coats. Interviewer: Okay but if you're just talking to them you'd say where are 888: They coats. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's see. Um. Asking about people at a party you might say mm was there. 888: Who was there? Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to know about all the people that were there would you say anything different? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a group of children. Say there was a group of kids playing out front and they obviously belong to more than one family you might say mm children are they? 888: Whose children are them? Interviewer: Okay. Um. If you're asking about say you want to hear a speech and you missed it and you wanted to hear what the speaker {X} hear what he said you know but you know everything he said. You want to know all his remarks you might say mm did he say? 888: What did he say? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say uh what all? 888: #1 What all? # Interviewer: #2 What all? # What? 888: What all? Interviewer: Mm-hmm would you ever say that? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's see. Would you use it in a sentence for me? 888: What all did he say? Interviewer: Okay. Um. You might say if no one else will look out for them they've got to look out for- 888: For their self. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. And if no one else will do it for him you might say he had better do it? 888: His self. Interviewer: Okay. And we call it stuff that's made of flour and baked in loaves? 888: Bread. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What's some other kind of bread that doesn't come in loaves? 888: #1 Rolls # Interviewer: #2 You- # What? 888: Rolls. Interviewer: Okay. What else? 888: Um biscuits. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And corn bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What else? 888: And that's the only thing I can think of. Interviewer: Okay. What all different kinds of corn bread is there? 888: Uh they- they got yellow corn bread. They got white corn bread #1 corn bread. {C: pronunciation} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm. Um. Let's see. Have you ever heard of a kind of corn bread that doesn't have anything in it except corn meal and salt and water? Would you call that anything? Do you have a name for that? 888: Just have it with corn meal and salt and water? Interviewer: Yeah that's all that's all you use to make it with just corn meal and salt and water. That's what you make it with. 888: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 You don't put- # do you have a name for that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um. Have you ever heard of old people or somebody talk about making corn bread uh in front of the fire on a board or something? Have you ever heard of a name for that? 888: Um. Interviewer: No? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What about a kind of corn bread that they put right in the ashes to cook have you ever heard about that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay {NW} 888: #1 {X} Just corn bread # Interviewer: #2 {X} Um that's uh yeah dirty # Um. Wha-Do you know of a name for a kind of corn bread that's that's like about an inch thick and it's real large and round and you cook it in a skillet? 888: A skillet? Interviewer: Uh-huh 888: What do you call it? Interviewer: Yeah what do you call the-what kind of corn bread is like that? Do you have a name for that? 888: Just corn bread. Interviewer: Okay um. What about the kinds thats kind of spear shaped you know just sort of round sometimes they're long kind of long and- 888: And round? Interviewer: Round what? 888: You said and round. Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh well smaller than that. They're about like this. And they're made with like little pieces of onion in them and uh let's see what else little pieces of green pepper and you cook them in deep fat- fry them in deep fat and then you eat them with like seafood or fried fish or something? 888: No no. Interviewer: Okay um. Have you ever heard of any kind of corn bread that you boil in cheese cloth with like beans or 888: #1 No. I sure haven't. # Interviewer: #2 greens? Okay. # 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh. Okay one more. What about the kind of corn bread you cook in a deep pan and it comes out soft soft and you dish it out like you dish out mashed potatoes? 888: No way. I never seen nothing like Interviewer: #1 that before. # 888: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: {NW} 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Have you ever heard of a corn dodger? 888: A corn dodger? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: #1 No no. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 888: Corn dodger. Interviewer: Okay. There's two kinds of bread. There's homemade bread and then there's the kind you buy at the store which you might call what bread? 888: It's- it's homemade bread and uh bakery bread. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Bakery bread. Interviewer: What? 888: Bakery bread. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you call that thing that's round and has a hole in it and it's sweet and it's fried in deep fat? 888: It's fried in deep-deep fat? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and it's sweet. 888: It's bread or what? Interviewer: #1 I-uh-it's kind of bready. # 888: #2 I mean what you said is bread? # Interviewer: Yeah it's like bread. 888: And it's fried in Interviewer: #1 It has a hole # 888: #2 deep- # Interviewer: in the middle. 888: I don't know what you call that. It's just. Interviewer: You-you eat it with like coffee or something. 888: Oh a donut. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Um. What all kinds of different donuts do you know of? 888: Glazed donuts uh coconut donuts. Interviewer: What-what was the first one? 888: Glazed donuts. Interviewer: What's that? 888: That's when a glaze uh well I call it a laze some call it a glaze. Interviewer: Oh uh-huh. What is it? 888: I call it you know uh I just it's really got a lot of sugar on it and icing and you know. You put in your mouth it melts in your mouth. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I wish I had one. 888: Yeah you're not the only one. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay what else? 888: And uh you got uh sugar donuts. You know sugar donuts got all sugar on them on the outside. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And then they got chocolate donuts with chocolate icing on them. That's my kind of donuts. Interviewer: {NW} 888: And that's the only kind I can think of. They got glaze lazed chocolate donuts chocolate chip donuts and that's the only kind I can think of right now. Interviewer: Okay. You know if you go to Dunkin' Donuts or- do they have Dunkin' Donuts here? 888: Yeah they got one over there on San Pedro. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: That's real nice. I go over there sometimes. Get me a couple of donuts for lunch. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Well you know they've got some that are kind of big and puffy and kind of like like bread and then there are some that are kind of crumbly they're more like cake. You know-do you have different names for those two kinds? 888: They kind of crumbly? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Some of them are crumbly and then some of them are- you sort of have to pull them apart. You know they don't break apart you sort of pull them. 888: Oh. They ain't caramel puffs {X} Interviewer: What? 888: Caramel puffs is They ain't that is they? Interviewer: Uh I don't know. What is that exactly? 888: Caramel puffs. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well Caramel puffs do they got any filling inside of it? Interviewer: I don't know. Tell me about caramel puffs. 888: Caramel puffs is some of them things that they got yellow filling inside when you bite into them Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And you know you just get it all off in your mouth and just eat it all up. It tastes pretty good when they cold but when they not cold they don't taste too good man because I just like them cold. Sometime they have lemon filling inside of them. Interviewer: Uh-huh 888: That's all the caramel puffs Or they might have that cornbread cake. I don't like that Mexico stuff. I don't you know care too much for that. Interviewer: Yeah I didn't hear of that at Dunkin' Donuts. 888: Yeah. They got- they got everything now. Interviewer: #1 Huh. # 888: #2 Twenty-four hours a day. # Interviewer: Yeah. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. Do you have a name for if they're long and twisted kind of? 888: Oh yeah the twisters, that's one of a kind- good good eating right there. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} 888: Get a good glass of big milk sit down and drink. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 888: That's real good. Interviewer: What do you call if they're just long and flat and straight? Just like that yeah. 888: Long and flat? Interviewer: Yeah well sort of flat. I mean they're about that thick. Just long like that. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you have a name for that? 888: No I don't have a name for it but I mean there's a name for it but I don't forgot the name because I know I've seen some like that straight and they have strawberries in the middle of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: It's pretty good. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: #1 Forgot # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 888: you'd call it. Interviewer: Okay uh have you ever seen any that-that you just take donut dough and you just put it in the fat like that and you don't make a hole in it? Would you call that anything? 888: You just put it inside the-the fat? Interviewer: Yeah well yeah they 888: #1 The dough? # Interviewer: #2 fry it in grease # I mean you know. 888: Oh. Interviewer: {NW} They don't fry it. They don't make a hole in it. 888: They don't make a- Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 what do you # call that? Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. Do you have a name for it? 888: Cupcake? Interviewer: Okay okay. Um. Oh let's see. Have you ever seen a donut that's fried and you know it's just like a regular donut? Uh it has three little strips across the hole like that. 888: No not really. I've never seen any like that. Interviewer: Me either. 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um. What do you have-what do you sometimes have for breakfast in the morning and you have molasses or syrup or something like that on it? 888: Uh pancakes. Interviewer: Okay okay uh. Let's see. You might go to the store to buy two what of flour? 888: Two sacks of flour. Interviewer: Okay and they'd be what each? They'd weigh how much each? 888: About two pounds each. Interviewer: Okay um. Let's see. Oh what is that stuff that you use to make bread rise? It's not baking powder and it's not soda. It comes in a little package and it's dry and granulated. 888: Uh to make it rise? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 888: All I can think of is shake and bake. #1 {D:crouton} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 888: stuff that you mix cake and stuff rise. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Okay. What do you call the two parts of an egg? 888: The yolk and- the yolk and the gluey. Interviewer: And the what? 888: The gluey. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NS} Interviewer: Okay I like that. {NS} Uh what-what color is the yolk? 888: Yellow. Interviewer: Okay um. If you cook-if you cook them in hot-hot water you'd say you have hard- what? 888: Boiled eggs. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If you crack them and just let them fall out into the water and the water's going mad you know you what kind of egg is that? 888: I don't know what you'd call that kind of egg. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Let's see. What do you call the salt-cured or sugared-cured meat that you might boil with greens? 888: Uh bacon- back fat. Interviewer: Okay okay. What if it didn't have any lean to it and it was just all fat? Would-would you call it any different? 888: Fat. Interviewer: Okay. What if it was all-what if it was lean and didn't have much fat? What would you call it? Anything different? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. If you cut down the side of a hog what do you call that that you cut off? 888: What do you call the side of it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: The ribs. Interviewer: Okay okay. Um. What do you call the kind of meat that you buy sliced thin to eat with eggs? 888: Bacon. Interviewer: Okay. Now what do you call the outside edge of the bacon? 888: The outside? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay mm sometimes it's kind of hard and you have to cut it off. 888: Sometimes it's kind of hard and you have to cut it off. Off of what? Interviewer: The-off of the bacon so you know you can before you can fry it so you can eat it. 888: Fat. Interviewer: Okay um {X} other edge. Like there's the fat edge you know and there's the lean edge and this is usually on the lean edge. You ever heard of anything like that? 888: No. Interviewer: It's usually already cut off when you get bacon yeah. Um. What do you call the meat that comes in little links on a chain? 888: Sausage. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call the person who kills the meat and then he sells it? 888: The butcher. Interviewer: Okay. And if meat's been kept to long you say that the meat has- 888: Spoiled. Interviewer: Okay. And after you butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from its head? Ever heard of anything like that? 888: Uh. What you make from the meat from his head? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: {NS} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 888: #2 I guess you just # I don't know I guess you just eat the meat off his head. I never had no name for it. Interviewer: Yeah. Sounds gross doesn't it? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Um have you ever heard of anything that you any kind of uh thing that you'd eat by cooking and then you grind up and you cook the hog liver? 888: Cook the hog liver? No I sure haven't. Interviewer: Okay You're going to love this have you heard of anything that had hog blood? 888: No way. Interviewer: {NW} 888: #1 I never had nothing. Wouldn't want it. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 888: {NW} Interviewer: This is making the french fries 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 from lunch # not do too well. 888: Yeah just got through eating a hamburger and french fries myself Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 and {NW} I don't want # come any back up. Interviewer: You going to spoil it. Um okay did you ever hear of a juice like from like they take the juice from from the meat you know that comes off a hog's head or maybe from uh the liver and then they cook it-stir it up with corn meal And maybe some hog meat? And then they cook it and later after it gets cold they slice it and fry it. Have you ever heard anything like that? 888: No I sure haven't. Interviewer: Okay. Suppose you kept butter too long it doesn't taste good how would you say it tastes what? 888: Spoiled. Interviewer: Okay um what would-did they used to call fixed sour milk people used to keep on hand? 888: Buttermilk. Interviewer: Okay it's thicker than that. It's-it's like the next stage you know it's kind of globby sort of. 888: Sour? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: That's what I'd call it just sour {X} Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard it called uh curdled milk or cluttered milk or lobbered milk or lopperd 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 milk or # any of those? 888: No I sure haven't. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} do you happen to know what you'd make from that? 888: #1 What would I make for it? I wouldn't make # Interviewer: #2 That stuff? Yeah like the # next stage. Okay you got first you got sour milk um yeah buttermilk sour milk or something like that and then it gets kind of thick and then you can fix it where it can just get real lumpy. And white white lumps. 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call that stuff? You can buy it at the store now but 888: #1 Cottage cheese # Interviewer: #2 Could we? # Okay do you have any other names for that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. When you first milk the cow there might be some hairs or some impurities like that in the milk {NW} 888: {NW} Interviewer: So you'd have to probably what the milk? 888: Sift it out. Interviewer: #1 Okay or # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: through if you pour it through a cloth you'd say that you have to? 888: Sift it. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's see. What do you call something that's like a fruit pie like it has several layers of of like apples and then dough and apples and dough like that? 888: Apples and dough? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: What do you call it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I guess an apple pie. Interviewer: Okay would you ever-if it's-if it's deep and you don't get it {X} nice little pie shaped things you know but you have to kind of kind of dish it out you know you put it in a bowl probably or something would you call it anything else? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay okay um if somebody has a good appetite you might say he sure does like to put away his? 888: Food. Interviewer: Okay and um. What would you call milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you might pour over pie? You have a name for that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um food taken between regular meals you'd call a 888: Uh Between meals? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Just a uh {NW} Interviewer: Think of a re- 888: A snack. Interviewer: A what? 888: Snack. Interviewer: Okay. Would that be a large or a small quantity? 888: Small quantity. Interviewer: Okay um you might say I will what breakfast at seven o'clock. 888: I will eat breakfast at seven o'clock. Interviewer: Okay. And yesterday at that time I had already? 888: Ate breakfast. Interviewer: Okay and last week I mm breakfast everyday. 888: Ate breakfast everyday. Interviewer: Okay um. Let's see. Okay if you want some coffee and there wasn't any coffee ready you'd have to get up and what some coffee? 888: Fix some coffee. Interviewer: Okay um what do you drink when you're just plain thirsty? 888: Water. Interviewer: Okay and you drink it out of a? 888: Cup or #1 a glass. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay what was that last thing you said? 888: Cup. Interviewer: Before that uh uh after that? 888: Glass. Interviewer: Okay um You might say the glass fell off the sink and? 888: Broke. Interviewer: Okay and you might say I didn't mean to? 888: Break it. Interviewer: Okay but somebody has? 888: Broke it. Interviewer: Okay. Um you might say we sure do what a lot of water? 888: Use a lot of water. Interviewer: Okay or? 888: Drink a lot of water. Interviewer: Okay uh but if I ask you how much did you drink you might say I what a lot? 888: Drink a lot. Interviewer: Okay and then you might ask me how much have you? 888: Drank. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if dinner's on the table and the family's all standing around waiting to begin you might say to them go ahead and? 888: Fix dinner. Interviewer: Okay but they're standing there you've already 888: #1 Oh serve dinner. # Interviewer: #2 fixed dinner. # Okay okay um. Okay say somebody comes in the dining room and uh you don't want him to have to stand up and so you ask him why don't you? 888: Please sit down. Interviewer: Okay and so so then he mm and began to eat. 888: Um the guest eat? Interviewer: Okay you told him to sit down so then he {NS} 888: Sit down. Interviewer: Okay and nobody else was standing they had all 888: Sat down. Interviewer: Okay um if you want somebody {NS} not to wait until the potatoes are passed like they're right in front of him already you know. You might say go ahead and? 888: Pass the potatoes. Interviewer: Mm uh 888: #1 Serve the potatoes. # Interviewer: #2 go ahead and # something yourself? 888: Please pass the potatoes. Interviewer: Uh okay you want him to get the potatoes himself you know so you might say mm? 888: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh so he went ahead and he? 888: Helped himself. Interviewer: Okay and if s-let's see since he had already? 888: Helped himself. Interviewer: Okay I ask him to pass to me. Okay if somebody was working you might offer to what? 888: Pass the potatoes? Interviewer: Uh okay somebody's just doing a job working. 888: Oh working? Interviewer: Yeah and you might offer to what him? 888: Pay him? Interviewer: {NW} Same verb we've been working on. Somebody helped himself a minute ago but you might offer to? 888: Help yourself? Interviewer: Oh-okay okay. Um. If you-you're at dinner at somebody's house and you decide not to eat something you might say oh no thank you I don't. 888: Feel like eating right now. Interviewer: Okay but you-you're eating. You just don't want one particular thing. Like maybe you really hate English peas. 888: Oh. Interviewer: You know and so you just say but you know you're being nice? 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh what? 888: Oh thank you but you'd be No thank you but um just don't just don't want nothing I guess. Interviewer: You what? 888: No thank you I al- already ate. Interviewer: Oh okay. 888: #1 But you saying # Interviewer: #2 um # We-well see you're already sitting down eating dinner. 888: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # You're eating with them and then they pass you these English peas which you hate. So you say well thank you but I don't? 888: Oh. Interviewer: What? 888: Eat English peas. Interviewer: Okay okay um. Let's see. Oh if you got some food that's been cooked and served a second time you'd say the food has been what? 888: Left-over. Interviewer: Okay or um okay and for food that's been left-over you'd call it? Um we don't have much to eat all we have is? 888: Left-overs. Interviewer: Okay um. If it's-okay talking about being cooked the second time would you say anything in reference to it being heated or warmed or anything like that again? 888: Heated. Interviewer: What what would you use it in a sentence for me? 888: It's been heated again. Interviewer: Okay okay um okay you put the food in your mouth and then you begin to? 888: Chew. Interviewer: Okay um okay things like carrots and peas and beets and beans and junk like that you'd call? 888: Vegetables. Interviewer: Okay and a small plot near the house where you might grow vegetables you'd call a? 888: Garden. Interviewer: Okay and um what-what do you call a particularly southern kind of food they usually serve it for breakfast with sausage and eggs? It's made out of ground up corn ground up real fine and boiled and it's usually kind of white looking. And they put salt and pepper and butter on it or maybe gravy sometimes. {NS} 888: Repeat that please? Interviewer: Okay we don't have it too much down here but sometimes we do. And if you go to the deep south you'll get it for breakfast every time you know. This it's corn but it's all ground up and real fine little things about like that. 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And you'll get it uh dished out on your plate it's kind of spreads out like mashed potatoes or something. It's white looking. 888: No I've never seen or never eaten that Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 before. # Interviewer: Would you ever call-have you ever heard it called anything like uh um samp or hominy or grits or hominy grits? Anything like that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Have you ever heard of a dish that's made with whole grains of corn and they're usually pretty big about like that? And they leech the cover off the corn so it's kind of soft. Sometimes it's white and sometimes it's yellow. Have you ever heard of anything like that? 888: No I sure haven't. Interviewer: Oh I have and I hate it. {NW} 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Consider yourself lucky. 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # What do you call that food that's the staple food of the Chinese and the Japanese? 888: Chinese food. Interviewer: Okay but you think of Chinese and you think of them eating what with chopsticks? 888: Food. Interviewer: Yeah but that white stuff that they eat. 888: Oh rice. Interviewer: Okay um. What are some names for illegal alcoholic beverages? They're usually made at home out back in a still. 888: Illegal beverages? Interviewer: Yeah alcoholic. Like they used to during prohibition you know if you wanted any liquor you had to make it yourself because it was illegal 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And uh an uh so they the people up in the mountains became famous for making this stuff. Have you ever heard it called any thing in particular? 888: Bootleggers. Interviewer: Okay okay um. Have you ever heard it called anything like uh moonshine or home brew or white lightning or bust head or {D: pop skull} or anything like that? 888: Moonshine. Interviewer: Okay um. If something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nose you might say to someone mm just what that? 888: Smells good. Interviewer: Okay okay. Would you say just smell that or just smell of that? 888: Smell that. Interviewer: Okay um. Okay you crush sugar cane and you boil the juice then you make what out of it? 888: Sugar? Interviewer: Okay you can you can-you can make sugar but if you boil the juice you're going to get a sticky sort of stuff that you might pour on pancakes. 888: Syrup. Interviewer: Okay okay um. You know of anything else that you might pour on pancakes like syrup but? 888: Honey? Interviewer: Okay okay and it's it's made from the same stuff but it's thicker. 888: Um. {NS} Interviewer: I think 888: It's made thicker. Interviewer: {X} Sometimes they use it for um feed grain. I mean they put it in feed grain around here for cattle. All you ever use is syrup huh? 888: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay okay um. Let's see. Sometimes on maple syrup you'd see um on there you'd see oh this is not an imitation this is the real thing you know they want to tell you it's not an imitation so they'll this is gen- what? Maple syrup. 888: Genuine syrup. Interviewer: Okay um if sugar isn't pre-you know usually you go to the store and you get a package of sugar and it's already packaged. 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But it used to be it's come in big barrels or something like that and they had to dish it out. And uh if it comes like that it's not pre-packaged. But they'd have to weigh it out of the barrel. You'd say it's sold in what? 888: {D: foreign place?} Interviewer: Okay um what would you call the sweet spread that people make by boiling sugar and the juice of like apples or peaches or strawberries? 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 888: What would I call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. I had some on my toast this morning. 888: Cinnamon? Interviewer: Uh this is this is like uh you call it strawberry or grape? 888: Apple butter. Strawberry butter. Interviewer: Okay okay do you have another name for a thing that's kind of like apple butter only it's usually like if it's grape you'd call it grape? 888: Grape jelly. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Um what do you usually keep on the table to season food with? 888: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Okay and if there's a bowl of fruit say there's some peaches or some apples okay and somebody offers you a peach and you say no give me? 888: An apple. Interviewer: Okay um. You might say it wasn't these boys it must of been one of? 888: them. Interviewer: Okay um. You might say you might just point right across the road and say well he doesn't live here he lives? 888: Over there. Interviewer: Okay. And at a greater distance away you might say he lives? 888: That a way. Interviewer: Okay um. You might say don't do it this way I mean don't do it that way do it? 888: This way. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If somebody speaks to you and you don't hear what he says what you do to make him repeat it? 888: Beg your pardon. Interviewer: Okay um. If a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about. But life is hard on a man what? 888: Life is hard on a man um. Interviewer: Okay a man has plenty of money doesn't have anything to worry about. But it's hard on a man? 888: Because he's poor. Interviewer: Okay all right um. {NW} If you have a lot of peach trees you'd say you have a peach what? 888: If you have a lot of peach trees Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 then # so you have a lot of peach uh. Interviewer: You have a Bunch a trees you call a? 888: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Mm. 888: Lot of peach trees. Interviewer: Yeah. What would you call that bunch of peach trees? 888: Lot. Interviewer: Okay uh you might ask somebody if you're walking around you know and you ask somebody if that's his bunch of peach trees and he says no I'm just a neighbor and then he points to somebody else and says he's the man what? 888: He's the man that own the peach trees. Interviewer: Okay um you might say uh my mother's not a nurse but I have a friend 888: that is? Interviewer: {NW} But you're talking about her mother you're not talking about her. 888: Oh. Interviewer: My mother's not a nurse but I have a friend? 888: That she is. Interviewer: Her mother. 888: Her mother is. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 888: #2 I mean # Interviewer: okay yeah yeah okay now uh my mother's not a nurse but I have a friend. 888: That is? Interviewer: Her mother. 888: Her mother. Interviewer: Okay yeah okay can you say the whole thing? 888: Oh. Interviewer: Talking about my mother and then friend's mother okay? 888: My mother and my friend my mother and her friend I mean my mother is a nurse but my friend- what'd you say? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 repeat that again? # Interviewer: But okay you're on the right track. My mother's not a nurse but I have a friend? 888: Oh my mother is not a nurse but I have a friend is. Interviewer: Her mother. 888: Her mother is. Interviewer: Okay okay yeah um. Uh oh see what do you call the inside part of a cherry? The part that you don't eat? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay uh do you ever bite down on one? 888: A cherry? Interviewer: Yeah on the inside of a cherry. And like get the hard part? 888: I don't know. Didn't notice there was a hard part. Interviewer: Okay okay uh. Okay on the inside of a peach what do you call the hard thing on the inside of a peach? 888: Seed. Interviewer: Okay. And the two kinds of peaches. There's the kind where uh there's the kind where if you cut into it you have to cut the seed out because the meat sticks to it you know? And then there's the other kind where if you cut into it you can just break it open and the seed will just kind of fall out. Do you have names for those two different kinds? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um after you've eaten an apple the part you have left is the 888: core Interviewer: Okay. And uh. {NS} In case they come looking indoors. {NW} Uh let's see. Did you ever cut up apples or peaches and dry them and say you're making what? {NS} 888: Peach pie. Interviewer: Okay you ever hear the dried up pieces of apple and what all called {D:snits}? Do you ever hear that? 888: No. {NS} Interviewer: Um what do you call the kind of nuts that you pull up out of the ground and roast? 888: The kind of nuts that you roast? Interviewer: Uh-huh.You pull them up out of the ground. That's where they-they grow in the ground. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Okay wha-uh # 888: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Um there are some kind of nuts that you get like at the circus or the picture show 888: Oh you're talking about roasted nuts? Peanuts. Interviewer: Okay okay. You know any other names? 888: Plain nuts? No. That's the only kind of name I know. Interviewer: Okay okay um what all other kinds of nuts are there? 888: What other kinds? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Peanuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Roasted nuts. Interviewer: What? 888: Roasted nuts. Interviewer: Okay . 888: #1 and regular. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Or is that a peanut? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay what other kinds other than peanuts you know like peanuts? 888: #1 Pecans # Interviewer: #2 Grow on trees? # 888: Pecans. Interviewer: Okay what else? 888: Apple nuts. Not- I mean coconut nuts. Interviewer: Okay. What else? 888: And Interviewer: Mm 888: That's all I know. Interviewer: You can get a Hershey bar just plain or you can get it with 888: #1 Peanuts. # Interviewer: #2 almonds. # 888: Almonds. Interviewer: Okay and then there's another kind of nut that um they're round and they're about that big. {NS} And they're super hard. I mean if you try and break them you have to have a hammer. 888: A walnut. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the hard part of the walnut what do you call that? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. The part that you have to break? 888: Oh. I guess the nut inside. Interviewer: Okay on a pecan what would you call that? That part that you have to you know you have to use a nut cracker to get through? 888: Oh. The shell. Interviewer: Okay. And then you know when a pecan falls off of off of the tree it has this kind of green covering on the outside of the shell. Have you seen that? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay and yeah eventually that green covering will kind of dry up and fall off. And and if you if you try and pull it off while it's still green it stains you hands and gets you all sticky and things. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you have a name for that green thing? 888: Just that a shell. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay let's see. What all kinds of things would you grow in a garden? 888: In a garden? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Tomatoes apples oranges greens {D: co greens} Interviewer: What was that last thing? 888: {D: co greens} {C: maybe okra?} Interviewer: Oh yeah okay yeah I like that. 888: Greens Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kind of greens? 888: Corn. Mustard greens. Interviewer: Uh-huh any other kind of greens? 888: Collard greens Interviewer: Yeah. Anything else? 888: And vegetables. Interviewer: Any other kind of greens? 888: Um no. Interviewer: Okay okay what are some more vegetables? 888: Cabbage. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Oranges. {X} Garden but I would- you know some places you know you can find them in a garden. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And you can plant corn tomatoes that's about everything I need. Interviewer: Okay okay um if somebody had say there had been a bowl of oranges standing on a table. Been there for two or three days you know and then one day you come in and there's only one orange left you'd say the oranges are. 888: All gone. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} why don't you say that again I think that kid yelled about the same time. 888: The oranges is all gone. Interviewer: Okay uh {NW} what do you call the little vegetables that they're about like that that size and they're white on the inside but they're red on the outside and the taste kind of hot and peppery? 888: Peppers jalapeños. Interviewer: Okay um they're kind of like different from jalapeño pepper. They grow-they're roots really and you pull them up out of the ground and uh they're they're more like 888: How big are they? Interviewer: They're little about like that they're more like they look sort of like a turnip. You know the texture of a turnip. What it's like and everything. 888: You ain't talking about uh stuffed peppers is you? Interviewer: No uh-uh those all grow above the ground. This is a root really. It grows in the ground. 888: Oh and it's white inside. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: How long is it? Interviewer: Oh sometimes they're long sometimes they get long like this but the one the ones I've seen are usually kind of round about like that. 888: Onions. Interviewer: Okay well this is sort of like an onion uh. You get them in salads a lot like you'll have lettuce and all that stuff tossed up in a salad and then you'll have these little things and they're sliced. And the slices look white except for the edge and they're red around the edge. You know what they call those? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um. {NW} What do you call the kind of tomatoes that never get any bigger than about like this? {NS} 888: What do you call them? Interviewer: Uh-huh do you have a name for them? 888: Small tomatoes. Interviewer: Okay uh. Along with steak you might have a baked? {NS} 888: Roast. I mean along with steak? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: You may have a baked {NS} potatoes. Interviewer: Okay um {X} When you say potato what do you mean? what does it look like? Will you describe it for me? 888: It's got a brown shell on the outside and the jacket. On the inside it's white. And you can cook them boil them mash them Interviewer: Okay okay and are there any other kinds of potatoes? 888: Is there any more? French fries. Interviewer: Okay. I mean that are different different you know when they're raw. Like do you eat a different kind of potato at Thanksgiving or Christmas or any time like that? 888: Sweet potato. Interviewer: Okay what's a sweet potato? 888: Sweet potato's orange on the inside. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: It's got a brown jacket on the- a reddish jacket on the outside. Interviewer: Uh. Uh-huh okay. Okay. Have you ever heard the word yam? 888: Yam? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um. What do you call the kind of onions that that don't get big and fat like this but you pull them up and they're still kind of straight and uh young you know do you have a name for that kind of onion? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um. Let's see. Okay where were we? Oh yeah um if you leave an apple or a plum around it will dry up and what? {NS} 888: Rotten. Interviewer: Okay sometimes um the skin will get all wrinkly looking and you'd say the skin is what up? 888: Wrinkled up. Interviewer: Okay. If you stay in the bathtub too long sometimes this skin on your fingers will do that and so you say your skin's all? 888: Wrinkled. Interviewer: Okay there's another word but same thing. 888: There's another word for wrinkled? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: {X} Interviewer: Okay okay um okay you talk about cabbages earlier okay? You might say sticking back the sides you'd say these something something big. Would you just make the sentence for me? Talking about cabbage. 888: These cabbages are big. Interviewer: Okay um. What all different types of beans do you have? 888: {X} They got red beans they got plain beans they got pork and beans they got ranch style beans Interviewer: Okay what wait wait wait Go back and tell me what's what. Can you describe them for me? 888: Red beans is the kind that you know they not red you know you got to cook them and then they turn red. Interviewer: Okay are they uh are they still in the pods or 888: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 not? # 888: still they still you know raw. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 They # hard but when you cook them they get soft. Interviewer: Okay. Usually when you pick beans off the vine they come in this long just kind of thing. And then when you open it up then the little kidney shaped things you know that are like that are in there. 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. And yeah those are the red beans. Are you talking about them little kidney shaped things or are you talking about the long pod? 888: I'm talking about the small part. You talking about snap beans. Interviewer: What are they? 888: What? Snap beans? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Snaps beans is like when you leave them in the shell and then they come out real long and green. Interviewer: Okay okay. Uh.Okay if you don't if you don't want to leave them in the shell you say you have to what the beans? 888: Peel them. Interviewer: What? 888: Peel them off the shell. Interviewer: Okay okay. Now go ahead and tell me about the different kinds of beans. 888: Well uh ranch style beans is already made in the can. You don't have to- you just heat them up and warm them. And pork and beans they already made in the can you just warm up and eat them. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay okay uh what do you call beans that are kind of green looking? and they're about this big? 888: Green beans. Interviewer: Well they're not 888: #1 Butter beans. # Interviewer: #2 What are # Mm? 888: Butter beans. Interviewer: Okay what are butter beans? 888: Butter beans is the kind that stay kind of long and not long but they're kind of shaped as a circle almost and they're kind of big. And some of them is white butter beans. Interviewer: Uh-huh is that like a green bean? 888: No. It's shaped bigger than a green bean. Green bean is shaped small and a butter bean is shaped bigger than a green bean. Interviewer: Uh-huh but otherwise they're the same shape. 888: They're the same shape. Interviewer: Mm I get it. Okay. Is there another word that you might use for green beans? 888: Another word for green beans? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever # Okay okay um. Let's see. Talking about talking about back to when you told me about green beans. Have you ever heard anybody else call them seaweed beans or lima beans or {D: civvy} beans? 888: Lima beans. Interviewer: Okay okay uh Let's see. You might ask somebody to go buy you some lettuce and you might say go to the store and buy me three what of lettuce? 888: Heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Okay um would you ever use that that word talking about children you might say they're three 888: Children. Interviewer: Would would you ever ever use that word heads talking about children? {NS} 888: Would say yeah. Interviewer: How? Would you use it in a sentence? {NS} 888: Yeah there are three children out there. Interviewer: Okay okay um If somebody had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a whole what of kids? 888: Lot of kids. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the word passel? 888: Passel? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um when you pick corn that green covering that you take off the ears is called the? 888: Ears. Interviewer: Yeah okay yeah would you call it anything else when you take it off 888: #1 Shell. # Interviewer: #2 the thing? # What? 888: The shell. Interviewer: Okay. And when you when you take it off you say you've got to what the corn? 888: Take it off. You gotta peel the corn. Interviewer: Okay uh. Mm let's see. What do you call the kind of corn that is tender enough to eat just right off the cob? What do you call that kind of corn? 888: What do you call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: That's ready to eat off the cob? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Uh. {D: rich corn} I guess. Interviewer: Okay or if you just if you just eat it you know like this you say we're going to have what for dinner tonight? {NS} 888: Ear corn. Interviewer: Okay okay. Would you ever-have you ever heard anybody call it sweet corn or uh corn on the cob or uh table corn or anything like that? 888: {N} Corn on the cob. Interviewer: Okay um. Have you ever heard the terms roasted ears or mutton corn? Have you ever heard anyone of those? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um What do you call that little thing that grows up at the top of a corn stalk? 888: Bean stalk. Interviewer: Okay um what do you call that thing that you know when you graduate from high school that thing that hangs off the cap? 888: Chand- chandelier. Interviewer: A-a what? Sometimes they let you keep them or you have you 888: #1 Yeah I know what # Interviewer: #2 to buy them. # 888: you're talking about. Uh. {D: chantier or something} I forgot the name Interviewer: #1 Okay okay # 888: #2 of it. # Interviewer: Um. What do you call that stringy stuff that comes out the that that when you you take the the outside of the corn that green part of the corn off inside there's some stringy stuff you know around the ear of corn. What do you call that stuff? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um. What do you make a jack-o-lantern out of? 888: Pumpkins. Interviewer: Okay and what do you kind of call the vegetable that's that's about this big and it's kind of it's big down at the bottom like this and it has sort of a skinny little crook neck and it's yellow? 888: Squash. Interviewer: Okay uh. What all different kinds of melons are there? Can you describe them for me? 888: Watermelon. Interviewer: Okay. 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What's it like? # Can you describe it? 888: Watermelon is red inside and got black seeds on the inside and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: and it's good to eat when you're really hungry. Interviewer: {NW} Do you know of any different names for different varieties of watermelon? 888: Oh they got they got uh green watermelon they got orange watermelon. I just say watermelon. That's all I know. Interviewer: Okay okay what other kinds of melons are there? 888: What other kinds of melons are there? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: They got pumpkin melons. Interviewer: What's that? 888: They shaped just like a pumpkin. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh. What do they look like inside? 888: Some of them is orange inside. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And some you know is some is orange and some is green. Interviewer: Uh uh-huh. Have you ever heard them called anything else? 888: No. Interviewer: Is this the same thing as a cantaloupe or is a cantaloupe different? 888: It's no it's different from a cantaloupe. Interviewer: How is it what is it different what's it What's the difference between that and a cantaloupe? 888: Well cantaloupe I mean watermelon it got seeds all inside and cantaloupe it got seeds just right in the middle. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. What about a pumpkin melon? That is what you call it pumpkin melon? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Yeah what-where are the seeds in that? 888: It's in the same it's just like a watermelon inside and there's all the little seeds but you know seeds in a cantaloupe is just right in the middle but they all around the watermelon is round and the seeds is just you know all the way around. Interviewer: Okay okay what other kinds of melon are there? Anything else? 888: That's all the melons I know of. Interviewer: Okay um what do you call those little uh white usually white about this tall umbrella shaped things that grow up in the yard after rain? Some of them are good to eat and some of them aren't. 888: Repeat it please? Interviewer: Okay there's a they're shaped like a an umbrella. 888: Oh mushrooms. Interviewer: Okay okay. Do you know any other names for those? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay if if they're uh if they're not good to eat what would you call it? 888: What would I call it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: No good I guess. Interviewer: Okay okay um okay if a man has a sore throat so that the {NS} {X} throat is all swollen you might say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't? 888: Swallow it. Interviewer: Okay and uh. Some people smoke pipes and other people smoke? 888: Cigarettes. Interviewer: Okay or they're brown and they're 888: #1 Oh cigars. # Interviewer: #2 big. # Okay. And say you were at a party and there are a bunch of people there and everybody's having a good time and there's some people standing around the piano one guy would be playing the piano everybody else would probably be? 888: Sitting around. Interviewer: #1 Okay is it # 888: #2 Or dancing. # Interviewer: Oh okay or they might be dancing or they might be? 888: Listening. Interviewer: Okay or if they weren't just listening they'd probably be? {NS} 888: Talking. Interviewer: Okay okay and if somebody told a funny story then they'd probably all be? 888: Laughing. Interviewer: Okay uh. Um if somebody offers to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I don't want to be what? To anybody. 888: {X} I mean if somebody asks to do a favor for you? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And you say you don't want to be asking for too much. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody asks you bout doing a certain job you might say sure I mm do it? 888: I'd like to do it. Interviewer: Okay or you want them to know that you're able to do it so you say sure I? 888: I'm able to do it. Interviewer: Okay but another word for? 888: Sure I mean yeah I'd do it. Interviewer: Okay or um they say can you do it and you'd say sure I? 888: Sure I can do it. Interviewer: Okay uh and if you're not able to do something you might say well I'd like to but I? 888: Like I'd like to but. Interviewer: I 888: I can't. Interviewer: I what? 888: Can't. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody asks you about sundown to do some work and you might say well I got up to work before sun up and I mm all I'm going to today. 888: All I'm going to do for today. Interviewer: Okay I what all I'm going to do for today? 888: Oh uh that's all I'm going to do for today. Interviewer: Okay okay uh say there was a terrible accident up the road but there's no need to call a doctor because the victim was what by the time we got there? 888: Dead. Interviewer: Okay uh you might say in a dangerous situation he mm to be careful? Interviewer: {NS} Um you might say {NS} in a dangerous situation he mm to be careful? 888: He should have been careful. Interviewer: Okay uh I might say um I'll dare you to go through a graveyard at night but I'll bet you? 888: Go through it in the day. Interviewer: Okay but you- at night I bet you what? 888: Wouldn't go through it at night. Interviewer: Okay um. Uh your mother might say you aren't doing what you what to do? 888: Supposed to do. Interviewer: Okay uh if a boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he? 888: Shouldn't have done. Interviewer: Okay. And uh refusing something in a very strong way you'd say no matter how many times you ask me to do that I? 888: {NS} Wouldn't do it. Interviewer: Okay um. When you get something done that was hard work and you did it all by yourself if there was a friend just standing around without helping you might say well you what helped? 888: Should of helped. Interviewer: Okay uh let's see suggesting the possibility of being able to do something you might say well I'm not sure but I might what do it? 888: And I may I may maybe do it? May I mean Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I may not do it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Would you # 888: #2 I mean. # Interviewer: ever say might could? I might could do it. Would you ever say something that way? 888: Might could yeah. Interviewer: Okay okay um what do you call a kind of owl the this-the kind of bird that goes who? 888: An owl. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Oh well. Uh okay um. Do you know of a smaller kind of owl that uh makes a makes a real loud shrill sort of noise? 888: {X} Uh a wolf. Interviewer: Uh it's a it's a kind of owl it's a some kind of owl. Have you ever heard of another kind of owl? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um what do you call a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 888: A woodpecker. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard a class of people compared to woodpeckers? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard that word used in the other way that sounds sort of like that? 888: {NS} No I sure haven't. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} what do you call there's a there's a kind of woodpecker that's bigger. That's about the size of a half-grown chicken. Do you have a name for that? 888: That's the size of a chicken? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: That makes a lot of noise? Interviewer: Um I don't know. It's about the size of a half-grown chicken. It's not quite as big as a whole chicken. 888: And you say what? Interviewer: It's-it's a kind of woodpecker. Do you know another name for it? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um. What do you call a black and white animal that has a powerful smell? 888: A skunk. Interviewer: Okay know any other names? 888: Pole cat. Interviewer: Okay uh what kind of-what kinds of animals come and raid hen nests? Do you know? 888: Pole cat. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 888: Skunk. Interviewer: Okay 888: #1 That's- oh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 888: Just besides that? Interviewer: Yeah uh besides that. 888: Um. Uh. Interviewer: They come and get the eggs you know? 888: Cats. Interviewer: Okay you might say talking about all these kinds of animals that do that you might say I'm going to get me a gun and some traps and stop those whats? 888: Varmints Interviewer: Okay um what is a varmint exactly? Would you-would you tell me what you mean by that? 888: Something that you don't something that you don't like and something that you did. Interviewer: That you what? 888: Something that you don't like and something that you know you did something wrong. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay is it always an animal or can it mean people 888: #1 It can mean # Interviewer: #2 or # 888: people too. Interviewer: How would you use that? Would you use it in a sentence for me talking about some people? 888: Um that varmint that varmint did something wrong to me. Interviewer: Okay okay um um um let's see. What do you call the little bushy-tailed animals that run up and down trees? 888: Bush- bush- bushy tailed animals that run up and down trees? Squirrels. Interviewer: Okay are there different kinds and colors and sizes and stuff? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um what do you call a thing that looks kind of like a squirrel but it's about- it's smaller. It's about this long and it has a little short tail and it's got black and white stripes on its back and it it has little bitty stubby short ears and it's real cute? And they they keep nuts in their jaws sometimes. And uh I don't think they climb trees. They might climb little stumps or something they don't climb trees. And if you go someplace like like Colorado or someplace up in the national parks they're so tame they'll come up uh to the pass you know and beg for food. They sit up like this and beg for food. When they sit up they're about that tall. 888: Squirrels? Interviewer: Uh what kind of squirrel? It's like a squirrel but it's 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 not # What? 888: A monkey? Interviewer: No it's it's2 {X} {C: engine revving drowns out her voice} It's sort of like a squirrel but it's not exactly a squirrel. Have you ever heard anything like that called a a grinny or a picket pen or a ground squirrel or a chipmunk or anything like that? 888: Chipmunk. Interviewer: What is a chipmunk exactly? 888: Chipmunk. I guess something that an animal or little something that comes out something like that you know begs for food. Interviewer: That what? Oh begs 888: Got like a little animal that like a monkey Interviewer: Uh-huh yeah. Do we-do y'all have them around here? 888: At the zoo yeah. Interviewer: Okay um {NW} What kind of freshwater fish can you get around here if you go fishing in a creek around here? 888: You can get you know speckled trout down there on I think sometime {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And you can gets a couple of catfishes up there. Couple of perches. That's all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about what about saltwater fish? What kind of saltwater fish can you get? 888: Saltwater fish? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I couldn't say cause I ain't been fishing. Interviewer: Okay okay Um let's see um if you go some place to eat seafood and you get a kind of seafood that comes in a shell like this you might get it-you might call it a what? 888: Comes in a sea shell? Interviewer: Uh-huh comes in a you know like you open it like that. 888: Fish. Interviewer: Uh-huh well it's-it's a it's a shellfish I guess but it's not a fish regular fish fish but the shell looks like that Sometimes you can find pearls in them. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see. What do you call those things that you hear making noise around a pond at night? 888: Frogs. Interviewer: Okay any particular kind of frogs? 888: Bullfrogs. Interviewer: Okay um there's another kind of frog that they get up in trees and they have little tiny little tiny voices that you hear after rain sometimes. Do you have another name for that kind of frog? 888: Tree frog. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} what about a brown kind of frog that hops around your garden and eats insects and sometimes they're blamed for uh giving somebody warts? 888: Uh bullfrog? Interviewer: Okay okay um If you go fishing what would you put on your hook to catch fish with? 888: A bait. Or worm worm or Interviewer: okay 888: shrimp or something like that. Interviewer: A what-a what? 888: Worm or shrimp. Interviewer: Okay okay um {NS} tell me about the shrimp um you might go to a fish market and they ask for a few pounds of? 888: Worms? Interviewer: Mm okay did you say shrimp? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay so you might- if you want something you know to eat? 888: Oh you want something to eat. Interviewer: Yeah some-some shrimp. 888: Oh. Interviewer: You might go to the market and ask for a few pounds of? 888: Shrimp? Interviewer: Okay okay uh now is that the same thing that you use for bait? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. What kinds of worms would you use? 888: Worms out the ground lives in the ground. Interviewer: Okay okay. 888: #1 Earthworms. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # {NS} Mm? 888: Earth worms. Interviewer: Oh okay let's see um what do you call the hard shelled thing that pulls its neck and its legs into it's shell when you touch it? 888: A turtle. Interviewer: Okay and um what do you call something that's like a turtle and it lives on dry land? {NS} Do you have a name for something like that? 888: Something that looks like a turtle and lives on dry land? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh what do you call a little thing that that you find in fresh water streams and it's got claws snappers? Like that. 888: Crab fish. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Uh what did you call it? 888: Crab #1 fish. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um how big are they usually? 888: They're about {NS} several uh two inches I mean like three three two inches big. Three or four inches. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Some is bigger. If you you know catch them. Because when I used to live on the west side we used to catch them over at this creek and you sometime you get them about five inches big or ten inches. Interviewer: That's pretty big. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Don't think I'd want to see one that big. 888: We used to put them we used to catch them we used to you know use uh some kind of string {X} string net tie the string on the net and that puts some bait right in the middle of the net on the string Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 They would # fall right into the water and they would see it and they would get right on top of that string and we'd be on top of the bridge we just pull it right up. It'd be on there {X} put them in some water you know we don't eat them you know. {X} Some people like to eat them you know but I never did eat them. Interviewer: I never did either. 888: {X} Some people you know would pay us for catching them and then they would eat them. Interviewer: Huh. 888: {D: But they said it's good strip you know inside.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: They claws is kinda they got stripping inside. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh what-what do you mean they've got what inside now? 888: {D: They got strimp on the inside of their body} Interviewer: Yeah what do you mean #1 by that? # 888: #2 They got # {X} That's good to eat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: You put you know just fry it. Some people just fry the whole thing. Interviewer: Oh. 888: But they cut they head off. Interviewer: Yuck. 888: I couldn't eat them. I never did eat them. My mother don't like them. I don't like them. My family don't like them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And you know we'd sit like I didn't have nothing else to do me and my friend we just you know go on down to the creek catch crab fish. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh. 888: Mothers used to- everybody used to be scared of it. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: But sometimes you know if you catch it they'll pinch you. Interviewer: Yeah I know. {NW} Yes. 888: They used to have some big ones up that H-U-V. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Long time ago. I don't know what they did with them. Used to be real bigs ones. Interviewer: For sale? 888: No they was just for show. Interviewer: Oh. 888: Used to be inside of a showcase. Glass showcase where you can you know they have water and stuff in it but they be swimming around in there. Interviewer: Uh. 888: That's when I was real small when I used to step on {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: See some pretty big crabs. I didn't know what they was way back then you know. But I know what they was now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: because I see them all the time. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. Um what do you call that um insect that flies around the light and it tries to fly into it and when you grab it powder comes off in your hand? #1 Almost # 888: #2 Butterfly. # Caterpillar butterfly Interviewer: Oh okay what was the second thing you said? 888: Butterfly. Interviewer: Okay but after that you said 888: Caterpillar. Interviewer: Okay um um this is kind of like a butterfly only the colors aren't bright you know it's like brown or something dull. {NS} What do you call-what do you call the things that {X} get in your wool clothes and eat them up if you're not careful? 888: Moths moth moths. Interviewer: Okay okay and if you had just one of those you'd call it a 888: Moths. Interviewer: Okay uh what do you call the things that fly around at night and flash their lights on and off? 888: Light bug. Interviewer: Mm they're insects. 888: Oh. Interviewer: Yeah what'd you say? 888: Light bugs. Interviewer: Oh. 888: You said on and off or what? Interviewer: Yeah insect that flies around 888: Uh you call it an insect I call it {NW} light bug. Interviewer: Okay 888: #1 They insects # Interviewer: #2 okay # 888: but you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: {X} I just call them light bugs. Interviewer: Light-light bulbs? 888: Yeah they flash on and off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: We used to catch them a long Interviewer: #1 Yeah what'd # 888: #2 time ago. # Interviewer: you do with them? 888: We used to you know get wet dog paste and put them in a jar and look at them light up and up. Off and on off and on. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 That's what # you're talking about light bugs right? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And on and off yeah. Interviewer: Yeah yeah that's right. That's what I'm talking about. Okay uh what do you call the kind of insect that flies around at night and bites? 888: Mosquitoes. Interviewer: Okay uh there's a there's a thing that flies around an insect that flies around that eats mosquitoes and it has a body that's about that long and it's got two pairs of about real shiny wings and the wings are about like that. And uh sometimes the body's blue and sometimes it's black sometimes it's gray and they're some of them are about this big but sometimes they get real big. 888: Bats? Interviewer: No this is an insect that's smaller than that. And it uh they hover around like lakes or something you know like this And they eat uh they eat mosquitoes mostly. 888: They eat mosquitoes? Interviewer: Yeah have you ever heard them called anything like uh um 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 mosquito # mm? 888: Go ahead. Interviewer: Would you- what were you going to say? 888: Uh dragonfly. Interviewer: Okay do you know any other names for that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay all right. Uh what kinds of insects are that you know about that fly around and sting? 888: Fly? Oh wasps. Interviewer: Okay what else? 888: Bee. Interviewer: Okay uh on wasp um Okay if you saw just one you'd say there's a 888: Wasp. Interviewer: Okay and if you saw two you'd say look there are two? 888: Wasps. Interviewer: Okay okay okay I got bees and what else? 888: Bees {NS} red bees Interviewer: {NW} 888: {X} Interviewer: What are red bees? 888: Red bees? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: They some of the bees that like come from Africa that you know you get bit by them some of them you know well if you get bit by a lot of them some people die from them. Interviewer: #1 Really # 888: #2 Some people don't. # Interviewer: #1 # 888: #2 # They's called red bees. Interviewer: Okay. 888: #1 We had one # Interviewer: #2 What else? # 888: not too long ago we had some up here. Not too far from San Antonio but they killed this lady. It was in the news I don't couple couple months ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm? 888: {X} I don't know why they attacked her but they say you know they all attacked her. Interviewer: {NS} I wouldn't want to aggravate them. 888: {X} Yeah they dangerous. Interviewer: Okay what other kinds of insects are there? 888: Other insects that bites? Interviewer: Yeah. That sting. 888: Oh sting? Well they got big Tarantulas. {D: and flies} #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Tell me # tell me about a tarantula. What- what is a tarantula like? 888: Um {NS} When I was down at my grandmother's house where we had you know taran- you know all in the house sometimes. They would you know fly around I don't know why they how they had wings but they was tarantulas because you know they was spiders but they had wings. Interviewer: {NW} 888: And they would {X} on you and bite you. Make you sting a little bit. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Back to the tarantulas 888: Oh well uh you know they would bite and you know they sting a little bit Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Put a little {D: eye color stuff} like that on it Interviewer: Yeah. 888: That's about all I know. Interviewer: Okay what do you call a kind of wasp that builds nests out of mud or dirt? 888: Uh I forgot what you call it. I guess a {D: mug}. Interviewer: A what? 888: {D: A mug} wasp. Dirt wasp whatever. Interviewer: Okay okay What do you call uh the kind of insects that like if you walk through the grass without any shoes on these little things get and burrow down in your skin and it makes it itch real bad? You can't really see the insect it's too little. 888: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 But # little tiny- sometimes it's a little red spot. It looks just like a mosquito bite. 888: Looks like a little mosquito bite? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} What do you call um the insects that some are green and some are brown and they hop along the grass in summertime? 888: Grass hoppers. Interviewer: Okay. Ever heard anybody call them hoppergrass? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um. What do you call a little bitty tiny fish that you might use for bait on a? 888: Minnows. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If you haven't cleaned up a room in a good while sometimes you get these things up in the 888: #1 Cobwebs. # Interviewer: #2 corners? # Okay. What if it's outside? What would you call it? 888: Cobwebs. Interviewer: Okay okay um. Let's see. If you're pulling up a tree stump you have to dig around and cut all the? 888: Roots. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard of any kind of roots that are used for like medicine? 888: Uh mint. Interviewer: Okay. What-how-what do they use that for? 888: They use mint for when you get a you know like you down with a little bad cold you can take that and put it inside of a pot. And you cook it boil it and you drink the some kind of mint juice off of it. That's what our mother used to give us. Interviewer: Oh. 888: That's all the roots I know of. Interviewer: That sounds good. 888: It is. {NW} It helps your cold. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 If you down # low down and sick. If you ever get sick just use that and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: you know it'll help you a lot. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh okay um what do you call the kind of tree that you tap for syrup? 888: That you tap for syrup? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} what all kinds of trees are there around here? 888: Maple trees uh lane trees lime trees #1 peach trees # Interviewer: #2 What what was that last one? # 888: Lime trees. Interviewer: What is that? 888: It's a tree that grow limes. on it. So like {X} Eastside You don't see too many of them um but my sister she cut them down because they was blocking her window. She had a lime tree. She got a grapefruit tree too but she ain't cut the grape she cut you know a little bit you know but not all the grapefruit tree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: #1 Lime # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 888: trees you know just Interviewer: #1 {X} # 888: #2 grow limes like real sour limes. # Interviewer: Okay okay what else is there? 888: Um They got like I was saying they have grapefruit trees that you know grow grapefruits on Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 888: #2 them. # They got maple trees. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Where you get maple syrup and stuff like that. Interviewer: What else? 888: And they got green trees. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 888: #2 And they got # that's all the trees I can think of Interviewer: Um what do you call that kind of tree that um it has leaves that look like a cotton wood look like cotton wood leaves. And the bark on it kind of looks like cotton would too because it's kind of gray and white and scaley. It's always peeling off you know and it's got these little balls that hang on it They're about that big and they're they're green right now but in the fall they'll be brown and then they drop off you know. 888: They green? Interviewer: Yeah they're green now but they're also a little bit smaller. But in the fall they'll be about this big and they're brown. Have you ever heard it called a button ball tree or a plain tree or a sycamore or a button wood tree? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um. What kind of tree did George Washington cut down? 888: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay um. There's a bush that grows along down here about grows along the roads and around by fences and the leaves turn bright red real early in the fall and has clusters of kind of reddish brown berries that are shaped like this. And people used to pick the berries and and make tea out of them. Or some times they use them for tanning hides. You know what kinda some In the east this kind of bush is poisonous but here it's not. You know anything like that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard anything like that called uh sumac or sumac or sumac or sumac? {C: pronunciation} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um what kind of bushes are there that make your skin break out if you brush up against them? 888: Poison ivy. Interviewer: Okay um what are some berries that you might buy if you go to the store to buy some berries? 888: Some berries? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Strawberries. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what else? 888: Apple berries. Interviewer: Okay what else? 888: Um. That's all the berries I buy. Interviewer: Uh you know what black berries look like? 888: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Yeah well okay there's some that look like blackberries only they're smaller. And they're red usually. 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call those? Some of them are bred some of them are black actually. But they look like black berries. They're small and they're real sour. But they're good. 888: Plum berries? Interviewer: Uh no it's a different kind. You can buy them frozen or sometimes they grow out here but I you know I don't think I've ever seen any growing but 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um. You might say to somebody be careful about eating those berries they might be? 888: Green? Interviewer: Okay or worse than that they might be 888: Sour. Interviewer: Okay or bad for you they might make you sick 888: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 they might be # 888: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # P- 888: Poison Interviewer: What? 888: Poison. Interviewer: Okay okay um what do you call a tall flowering bush that has clusters of beautiful pink and white flowers that bloom in late spring? 888: Roses? Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you know of any names for any bigger ones that have like longer segments of stem. They grow further up in the mountains. 888: Um Interviewer: Anything like? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay what um there's a kind of tree that um that grows a lot down here. I've seen a lot of them. They have leaves that are about about like that sometimes bigger and they're kind of a yellow-y green well compared to other trees I guess and they're sort of brown on the underside. And they're real shiny waxy looking leaves and you know they're pretty big and they the tree flowers and has big white flowers about this big. 888: No. Interviewer: Have you heard it called a cucumber tree or a magnolia or a laurel tree or a cowcumber tree? {NS} Okay um If a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she might say well I better ask who? 888: Her mother. Interviewer: She's married. 888: Oh she's married she better ask her husband. Interviewer: Okay. What else might she call him? 888: Fiancée. Interviewer: Mm she's married to him already. I mean would she have any joking names you know like she might say I better ask my what? {NS} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay okay um a married man. What would he say about her I better ask my? 888: Wife? Interviewer: Okay and um a woman who's lost her husband is called a 888: #1 Widow. What? Widow. # Interviewer: #2 I mean her husband-I'm sorry # 888: #1 A widow. # Interviewer: #2 I'm sorry. # {NW} 888: {NW} Interviewer: Say it again. 888: A widow. Interviewer: Thank you. 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I managed to say something at exactly the same time 888: #1 Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 every time. # Um okay what if her husband just ran off and left her? Then she'd be a what? 888: She'd be a just a widow. Interviewer: Okay um when you were little who was the one that took care of you the most? 888: My mother. Interviewer: Okay and her husband would be called your? 888: Her husband? My daddy. Interviewer: Okay or uh another word for daddy would be your? 888: Father. Interviewer: Okay. And what did you call-what did you call your father? Did you call him daddy? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay what else did you-what else did you call him? 888: Just daddy. Interviewer: Okay okay what did you call your mother? 888: Mama. Interviewer: Okay. Call her anything else? 888: No. Interviewer: You know of anything else that like old people call their parents? 888: Uh. I call her my old lady sometimes. Interviewer: Oh #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 Old man. # Interviewer: Okay okay um Would that be young people who said that or old people? {NS} 888: Young people. Interviewer: Okay um so your mother and your father together would be called your? 888: Old man and old lady? Interviewer: Okay but one word for the 888: Oh one word? My parents. Interviewer: Okay and uh your mother's mother would be your? 888: Mother. Interviewer: Your mother's mother would be your 888: Grandmother. Interviewer: Okay and your mother's father would be your 888: My mother's father would be her Interviewer: Your 888: grandfather. Interviewer: Okay uh okay what did you what do you call your yeah what did you used to call your grandmother? 888: Grandmother. Interviewer: Okay did you ever know your grandfather? 888: No. Interviewer: Um. Do you know do you know people your age who do know they're grandfather? 888: Yes. Interviewer: What do they call them usually? 888: Just grandfather. I don't know. Interviewer: Okay they don't have any affectionate names other than just grandfather? 888: Just grandfather. Interviewer: Okay uh okay you might say I was the youngest of five what? 888: Children. Interviewer: Okay. Are there any names that people use instead of children? 888: Child. Interviewer: I mean I mean for children. What would you say other than children? 888: {NS} Other than children? {X} Interviewer: I was the youngest of five children or five 888: Sisters or brothers. Interviewer: Okay uh A name that a child is known by just in the family you know nobody calls you that but just in the family you would be what? Your what name? 888: {X} Interviewer: Mm no. Nobody calls you that except just in your family. I mean like it's nobody knows it you know? 888: Oh. Interviewer: But there's a certain kind of name. 888: Nick name or something. Interviewer: Okay okay uh let's see. What do you call a thing that you can put a baby in and the baby lies down and you can push it along you know and it's got a little cowl thing that comes up over it 888: Cradle. Interviewer: Okay but this is something on wheels that you can push. 888: A buggy. Interviewer: Okay and if you're going to take the baby out in the buggy you might say you're going to what the baby? 888: Push him. Interviewer: Okay um Let's see. Um. {NS} Okay if you had children you'd say your children are your sons and your {NS} 888: If I had children it would be my sons and my wife. Interviewer: Your sons 888: And his wife? Interviewer: No okay you have children? All right. 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay the boys would be your sons. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: And then there'd be some more probably and they'd be 888: My daughters. Interviewer: Okay and daughters are always not boys but 888: Girls. Interviewer: Okay yeah. {NS} Okay if um if a woman is going to have a baby you'd say she's what? 888: She's expecting. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words you might use? 888: Um no. Interviewer: Okay are there any joking ways of talking about it? 888: Saying she just big. Interviewer: Okay okay um if you don't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you might send for would be called a 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um. If a boy has the same color hair the same eyes as his father and same shaped nose you know and same shaped ears and that kind of thing you'd say he what? 888: Spitting image of his daddy. Interviewer: Okay and suppose he acquires the same mannerisms as the behavior of his father you'd say what? 888: Takes after him. Interviewer: Okay what if he starts picking up his father's bad habits would you use any other word? 888: Back ground {X} Footsteps Interviewer: What what about foot steps? 888: He followed his foot steps. Interviewer: Okay okay um you might say so and so had a hard life. Her husband died and she what six children all by herself? 888: Took care of six children by herself. Interviewer: Okay is there any other word you might use instead of took care? Took care? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um to a small child who's misbehaved you might say if you do that again I'm going to give you a good 888: Whooping. Interviewer: Okay or what? 888: Sla- slap. Slap. Interviewer: Okay what's the difference between a whooping and a slap? 888: Whooping you get hit everywhere. A slap you just get hit in the face. Interviewer: Okay okay uh Let's see oh okay. Say that a little boy small boy says that to another boy he what {X} going to be a fight. You know they're going to fight. One little kid says to the other little kid if you do that again I'm going to give you a good what? 888: Repeat it again? I didn't hear you. Interviewer: Same thing as the as you said before but this is one little boy says to another little boy if you do that again I'm going to give you a good 888: Hit? Interviewer: Okay anything else? There's going to be a real fight. 888: Fist. {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Okay uh what if it was two older boys like two guys your age you know one of them might say to the other one you do that again I'm going to give you a good what? 888: Kicking. Interviewer: Okay anything else? Would you ever say whooping or anything like that? 888: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 888: #2 Just. # Interviewer: #1 # 888: #2 # Interviewer: Just what? 888: Get good fight just fight. Interviewer: Okay um If a boy named Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob what a lot? 888: Growed a lot. Interviewer: Okay and you might say to him you certainly have what big? 888: Grown big. Interviewer: Okay and you might say that Bob came up so fast you could almost see him 888: Grow. Interviewer: Okay um a child who's born to an unmarried woman you'd call a what? 888: Adopted. Interviewer: Okay. Or but uh but if she had him you know uh and didn't have to go like to an adoption agency that she had the child herself but just didn't have a husband. 888: #1 Oh she had the child? # Interviewer: #2 What would you call- # Mm-hmm 888: What do I call that? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I mean you just say like he just the husband ran off and left her and the child Interviewer: Never had a husband. 888: Oh. Never had a husband? Interviewer: Uh-huh. But she got pregnant and then she had this kid. What would you call this kid? 888: An orphan I guess. Interviewer: Okay but she's going to keep the child. 888: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 888: She's going to keep the child. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 888: I'd just say uh pregnant uh just got pregnant and had a child. Interviewer: Okay okay uh you might say um Jane is a loving child but Peggy is even 888: Lovelier. Interviewer: Okay um okay say you had a brother who had a son. Okay so your brother's son would be your? 888: {X} My brother's son would be my uh I guess niece nephew. Interviewer: Okay um okay a child who's lost both parents is 888: Child who lost both parents? Interviewer: Mm. 888: Is an orphan. Interviewer: Okay uh if it had been put in an institution would you call it anything else? 888: {NS} Just an orphan. Interviewer: Okay um the person appointed to look after an orphan is it's legal 888: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay and um if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you might say this whole town is just full of my 888: Kin. Interviewer: Okay would you use that word to include uh like your parents and your grandparents? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay what about your brothers and sisters and people who live in the house with you? Would you use it-would you include them in that word? 888: Oh on the word kin? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Yes I would use all of them. Parents and grandmother and all them. Interviewer: Okay but when you said this town's full's full of my kin would you mean your parents particularly or 888: #1 Kinfolks # Interviewer: #2 would you speak # Would you speak of them specifically if you meant 888: Um yes. Particularly about all of them. Interviewer: You're speaking about all of them okay. Um. Okay you might say um about somebody you might say yeah he has the same family name and he looks a little bit like me but we're actually no 888: Kin. Interviewer: Okay um Somebody comes into town and nobody had ever seen him before you'd say he's a 888: Stranger. Interviewer: Okay and if he came from out of state what would you call him? 888: {X} Interviewer: A what? 888: If he come from out of state? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: A foreign dude. Foreign person Interviewer: Okay okay what if he come from he came from um another country what would you call him? 888: Um A visitor I guess. Interviewer: Okay okay how far would he have to come {X} in order for you to call him a foreigner? 888: Mm how far would he have to come? Interviewer: Yeah 888: From different places that talk different {X} Interviewer: Like what I'm sorry can you say it a little louder? 888: Place like you know that comes from a foreign place like Massachusetts or a different continent that's different from this place Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you say that talk different? Is that what you? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay okay. Um. Okay uh what was the name of the mother of Jesus? 888: Christ? Interviewer: Uh his mother. 888: Jane. Interviewer: Uh okay uh let's see his father was Joseph and his mother was M- 888: Jacob. Interviewer: Uh 888: I mean his mother was uh Interviewer: Ma- It's a it's a pretty common name for a girl. It starts with an M. 888: Mary. Interviewer: Okay um George Washington's wife's name was 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay it starts with an m too. Ma- um 888: Martha. Interviewer: Okay um There's a song that goes wait 'til the sun shines {NS} 888: Wait 'til the sun shines? Interviewer: Know that name? 888: #1 No I sure don't. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um Let's see. There's a it's a nick name for Helen and it for Helen. The name Helen. and it starts with an N. 888: {NS} Starts with a N? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Nina? Nina? Interviewer: #1 Uh # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What? 888: {D: Nelen?} Interviewer: That's close. It ends with y. 888: {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Used to be I think they used to name mules or horses that. {X} Giddy-up n- 888: {D: Nilan?} Interviewer: Mm {NW} 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay um. The name Will is a nickname for what longer name? 888: Nickname for Will? Interviewer: Will is the nickname for what? 888: Hill? Interviewer: No it's a just a longer name. 888: Willard. Interviewer: Okay it's like Willard but it's not it's not Willard it's sort of like that though. Willi- 888: Nick name? Interviewer: #1 Okay Will # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What? 888: You? Interviewer: Will is the nick name and then the other one is longer and 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um oh let's see um There was an outlaw named mm the kid 888: Billy the kid. Interviewer: Okay um let's see What's Billy a nick name for? 888: What's Billy's nick- Interviewer: A nick name for? 888: I guess the kid. Interviewer: I mean Billy's real name was probably 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay uh okay in the bible um the first of the four gospels there's mm Mark Luke and John? What's the fist one? It starts with an M. Ma- Mm Mark Luke and John 888: Mark Luke and John? Interviewer: Yeah. Matt is a nick name for that. 888: Mack. Interviewer: Matt. 888: Lucas.e James. I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Okay. # 888: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: A woman who conducts school you'd call a 888: Teacher. Interviewer: Okay. Do you know any old fashioned names for that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um. There's a guy who wrote sometime ago who wrote things like well he wrote a series of books called The Leatherstocking Tales and there's The Deerslayer and um The Last of the Mohicans and his name was James Fenimore Co- 888: Cook? Interviewer: Not Cook but Okay let's try another thing. You keep chickens in a chicken what? 888: Coop? Coop? Coop? Interviewer: Okay now add e r to the end of that and that's the guy's name. 888: Cooker. Interviewer: No. 888: Cooked? Interviewer: A chicken what? 888: Cooker? {D:Corker?} Cooker? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 888: #2 {NW} Okay # Interviewer: we got a problem here um okay let's see. The baseball hall of fame. Do you know where that is? 888: {NW} Interviewer: Baseball Hall of Fame? 888: Baseball Hall of Fame? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: California I believe. Interviewer: Okay um would you ever okay would you ever say um about somebody's name cooper or cooper? {C: pronunciation} 888: Repeat that please. Interviewer: Would you ever say cooper or cooper? 888: Cooper. I would say Cooper. Interviewer: Okay okay. Um okay now if there was a lady by this name. She was married. You'd call her 888: Miss Cooper. Interviewer: Okay um a preacher who's not really trained and who doesn't have a regular pulpit you know and he he preaches on Sunday here and there and he makes his living doing something else. So he's probably really not really good at preaching. Would you have a name from somebody like that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh okay what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 888: Your mother's sister to her? Interviewer: To me. 888: Aunt. Interviewer: What? You- Say the whole- can you say the whole thing? She'd be #1 I'd say # 888: #2 she'd be your # your aunt. Interviewer: Great okay um okay more names {NW} uh okay. Um. There's a girl's name that begins with S and Sally is a nick name for it. S and R 888: #1 Susan? # Interviewer: #2 r and # And then there's an R in the middle. Um in the bible she was the wife of Abraham. Um. There-you can buy little cakes and stuff like that have this gal's name on it. {D: It's got the name and then s-nn-lee.} 888: {D: Su Lee?} Interviewer: {D: No it's not Su or Susan. It's not that. Uh.} {NS} There's a there's a judge in this part of the country a woman and she when when Kennedy was assassinated she swore Johnson in you know on the airplane. And her name is s mm T. Hughes 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um let's see okay Kennedy's first name was? 888: Kennedy? John F Kennedy. Interviewer: Okay and okay if you had an uncle by that by the name of John you'd call him? 888: Uncle John. Interviewer: Okay okay um did we ever decide what Bill was a nickname for? I can't remember. 888: Billy the kid? Interviewer: Yeah is Billy a nick name for a longer name? 888: Billy? Interviewer: Okay okay um let's see if you had known say somebody like George Patton. You know who he was? 888: What was the name? Interviewer: George Patton. You know who he was? 888: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 They made a movie # Okay well how about Robert E. Lee? Do you know who he was? 888: I heard of him but I don't know who he was. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 888: #2 Robert E. Lee? # Interviewer: Yeah. 888: He was a fighter I believe. Interviewer: Yeah okay and he was a he was a had a high rank in the civil war. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay and uh do you know what his rank was I mean if you were just going to guess you'd say he's probably a four star? 888: {D: I'd say about} two star general. Interviewer: Okay okay and so if you were to address him you wouldn't call him Mister Lee you'd say? 888: General Lee. Interviewer: Okay um the old gentleman who introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken is 888: Colonel Sanders. Interviewer: Okay and um what do we call the man in charge of a ship? 888: Captain Interviewer: Okay. And what other situations do you use that word in? 888: What other situations? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where-what else would you use that word? 888: Skipper. Interviewer: I mean no not not different words but the word captain. Where else have you heard that word? 888: On the ships uh boats Interviewer: #1 Okay # 888: #2 Trains. # Interviewer: what about children? 888: Oh yeah I heard it around children. Interviewer: Okay what-what do children use it for? 888: What do they use it for? Interviewer: Mm-hmm the word captain. 888: I guess to play with. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 888: #2 Someone will play the captain I guess. # Interviewer: Uh oh okay I see what you mean um You mentioned rail roads? What does a rail road captain do? 888: Looks out he knows He takes over if anything goes wrong looks sees everything okay. Interviewer: Okay okay um the man who presides over the county court is a what? 888: Judge. Interviewer: Okay. And if there was a guy named Marshall who was happened to be a judge you'd you wouldn't say Mister Marshall you'd say- you'd call him? 888: Judge Marshall. Interviewer: Okay um. A boy or girl in school is a? 888: Student. Interviewer: Okay And if they're going to college would you-what would you call them? Same thing? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay what if they're in high school? 888: Student. Interviewer: Okay. Grade school? 888: Student. Interviewer: Okay um a person in an office who handles the boss's mail and schedules the boss's appointments and answers the telephone would be called the? 888: Secretary. Interviewer: Okay um a man who appears on the stage would be an actor but a women would be a 888: Actress. Interviewer: Okay and anybody born in the United States is called an 888: Citizen. Interviewer: Okay a what citizen? 888: Citizen of the United States. Interviewer: Okay um. Okay if uh let's see. You're not a Canadian you're an a- what? 888: Cana- I mean. Repeat that again? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} you wouldn't say you're Canadian you would say you're an a- 888: Native. Interviewer: A-an amer- am- 888: Amer- oh an American. Interviewer: Okay okay okay now uh tell me uh what what what is the name of your race? 888: Black. Interviewer: Okay what are some other terms that you might see on a a form that you were going to fill out? 888: Negro colored. Interviewer: Okay okay now uh of those which one do you like the best? 888: Black. Interviewer: Okay why? What's wrong with the others? 888: Well well if I'd pick two of them I'd have black and negro. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. 888: And colored I don't dig because anybody can be colored. Interviewer: Oh like browns too huh? 888: Yeah so I go by the name of black because well black and negroes is you know expressing what you are too but not colored. Interviewer: Okay okay um. {NS} Okay okay uh {NS} but those three would all be fairly neutral kinds of terms. 888: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Now do you know some derogatory terms that people like that whites or that um Latin Americans might use about blacks? 888: Nigger. And they say nigger or black boy but you know that's what you know I like to be called black but not you know nigger or nothing like that because I don't think nobody was a nigger unless they was named that. and which we'll name negroes not nigger. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay okay uh okay what is the name of my race? 888: White. Interviewer: Okay do you know any other words that are just neutral sort of? 888: {NW} I don't want to say them right now. I don't want to say that. Interviewer: {NW} No neutral I mean 888: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 they're just # 888: #1 Just white. Just white you know. # Interviewer: #2 not like- like would be on a form. # 888: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 888: {NS} I just call I just say white. That's all. Interviewer: Okay now do you know some uncomplimentary names? You can tell me. That's alright. I've probably heard most of them anyway. {NW} 888: I mean you know I never call nobody out of their race or nothing. But you know I hear these terms. Peckerwood stuff like that. Interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah # 888: #2 And # Interviewer: um peckerwood. Does that refer to any kind of whites or is that just like poor whites or is it uh 888: It's more it's poor whites. Interviewer: Okay okay. 888: Peckerwood is. And Interviewer: Okay what about some others? 888: Redneck. Some like that. Redneck. Interviewer: What kind of person is a redneck? 888: Person that's real red you know. But you know that's what most people call them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Call white people. Interviewer: Um let's see. Do you have a name for a child that's born of a racially mixed marriage like one parent's black one parent's white? 888: Yes. Interviewer: What's-what do you call him? 888: Half and half. My uncle he's married to a Spanish girl right now and he got I think three children right now. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh. Would you call them half and half? 888: Half and half. Mixed race but Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 there's nothing # to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 what if- # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: go ahead. 888: Because people get married you know they don't have to be the same race or the same you know kind of people long as they love each other and want to go each other way. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you think your mother would be upset if you wanted to marry a a white girl or a brown 888: #1 No I don't # Interviewer: #2 girl? # 888: think so whatever you know whatever pleases me probably would please her. Interviewer: Uh-huh that's good. That's good that she'd be that way. Um let's see. Okay do you have a name for some- somebody that might have like a one white grandparent? 888: One white grandparent? Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you have a name for somebody like that? 888: Um. Interviewer: Instead of one parent you know a grandparent that's white? 888: I just say uh mixed blood. Interviewer: Okay okay um okay what would you call the man that you work for? I mean just how would you address him when you're talking to him? 888: Sir. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Or usually sir boss you know. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {X} Interviewer: Um. Okay what do you call white people who who aren't very well off {X} a chance at education and they're sort of good for nothing and too lazy to work and all that kind of stuff? 888: You're asking me what do I call them? Interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah # 888: #2 What what I # call them? Interviewer: Uh-huh needs to be white people who are like that. 888: I wouldn't call them I'd just say non-educated because black people they don't have they might not have all their ca- I mean education like white people have. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I would just call them non-educational. Interviewer: Okay okay um what would you call a guy who either black or white who lives out in the country and he doesn't know anything about town ways and he's kind of conspicuous you know when he comes to town. And uh he uh himself he might say oh I don't know anything about city ways I'm just an old what? 888: Bum. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 Or # city ways? Interviewer: Yeah he he's from the country. 888: Oh he's from the country. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And you asking me and he don't know what's going on today Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Well I would say he's-he's well he's been you know he's been far out you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Because he don't know what's going on in today's life. Interviewer: Okay. 888: In this part of the world. Interviewer: Would little kids that are like being ugly might have some name they might call him? 888: Being ugly? Interviewer: Uh-huh being mean to him. 888: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 Making fun of him. # 888: No no I just say uh uh reformed I guess. {NW} Interviewer: He what? 888: reformed I guess. Interviewer: O-okay okay. Uh what do you mean by that? Tell me. Explain. If he's 888: {D: uh reformed} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Well I would say if a person you know is being called ugly it's because the way he looked and not the way they was you know the way they was born and maybe some parent may may had something wrong with them or been taking drugs or something like that to make the child reformed which somebody would call ugly. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 They would just # call them ugly right off the hand they just you know one house some would say. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay I get it. Um okay say you were at a party and you look at your watch and it's about oh it's after eleven thirty and you say well we better be getting on home it's mm midnight. 888: Past midnight. Interviewer: Uh it's not quite midnight yet so you might say it's okay say it's eleven forty-five. 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: So you'd say it's mm midnight. 888: It's almost midnight. Interviewer: Okay um you might say this ice is hard to walk on. I managed to keep my balance but I mm fell three or four times. 888: Managed to keep my balance but I fell. Interviewer: But I 888: #1 I mean I fell # Interviewer: #2 Something something fell # I blank fell. 888: My legs fell? Interviewer: Um you didn't quite fall but you mm fell. 888: Oh. I didn't quite fell but I almost fell. Interviewer: Okay okay um if somebody's waiting for you to get ready so you can go with them and he calls to you hey will you be ready soon? You might answer I'll be with you in 888: Just a minute. Interviewer: Okay um say you know you're on the right road. You're going somewhere and you know you're on the right road but you aren't sure the distance and so you stop somebody and ask them how what to Oklahoma City? 888: Which direction is Oklahoma City? Interviewer: Now no you know you're on the right direction. But but you want to know the distance. 888: Oh. Interviewer: So you'd say how 888: How many distance to Oklahoma? Interviewer: What I'm sorry? 888: How many distance to Oklahoma? Interviewer: Okay um if you want to know how regularly somebody goes to town uh you might say how mm do you go to town? 888: How regularly do you go to town? Interviewer: Okay but don't use regular use 888: #1 How often # Interviewer: #2 how. # 888: do you go to town? Interviewer: Okay um. If you agree with your a friend of yours he says I'm not going to vote for that guy. You might say what? 888: I am not voting for that guy. Interviewer: Okay but he's he's already said that and you you agree with him real strongly and you probably wouldn't just repeat 888: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 what he'd said you'd # say 888: I'm not gonna vote for him. Interviewer: Okay. Would you add any other word? 888: I'm not gonna vote for him. Interviewer: Okay uh let's see. Would you say? {NS} Uh {NS} Something am I. He says I'm not going to vote for him you go mm am I. Okay you might say neither am I or me either. Which of those seems most natural? Which would you probably say? 888: Neither am I. Interviewer: Okay uh okay this part of your head right here is your 888: Forehead. Interviewer: Okay and um if you go to the barber he'll probably cut your? 888: Hair. Interviewer: Okay and if you if you don't shave for three or four weeks you're probably growing a 888: Beard. Interviewer: Okay uh where would an old-timey store keeper keep his pencil when he wasn't using it? So it'd be handy. 888: An inkwell. Interviewer: No he'd keep it be- 888: Oh on the back of his ear. Interviewer: Okay okay which ear? 888: Which ear? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I guess his right ear. Interviewer: Okay but if he was left handed he'd probably keep it behind his 888: Right ear. #1 Left ear. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I'm sorry. 888: Left ear. Interviewer: Say it one more time. 888: Left ear. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} If somebody's mumbling you might say take that chewing gum out of your 888: Mouth. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say he got a chicken bone stuck in his 888: Throat. Interviewer: And you wear a tie around your 888: Neck. Interviewer: And what do you call this part of your neck right here? 888: Adam's apple Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard the word goozle? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Um you have the dentist look at your 888: Teeth. Interviewer: Okay and you might say you need to have that 888: Pulled out. Interviewer: Okay a what pulled out? 888: Teeth. Interviewer: Uh just one. 888: He might had what pulled out? Interviewer: We might have to pull that 888: Teeth. Interviewer: Just one of them though. 888: Teeth. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Tooth. Interviewer: Oh okay okay there we go. Uh this is well you're taking pretty good care of your teeth but you better pay more attention to your 888: Gums. Interviewer: Okay okay Um you might say you can hold that baby bird in the what? 888: {NW} Palm of your hand. Interviewer: Okay. And he got mad and doubled up both 888: Fists. Interviewer: Okay and one man shook his at another? 888: Fist. Interviewer: Okay um. When people get real old they complain they're getting stiff in their 888: Shoulder. Interviewer: Mm. 888: Arm. Interviewer: Yeah and knees and what would you call all those there? 888: Arthritis. Interviewer: Okay arthritis in their 888: Shoulder? Interviewer: No it's all of 888: #1 these things that bend. # Interviewer: #2 Chest? # 888: Oh um Elbow? Interviewer: Yeah that too but the knee and those are all j- um 888: Oh you want one thing. Interviewer: {X} {NS} 888: In their muscles. Interviewer: Uh no no their their places in the where the bone comes together. Where the bone 888: #1 Joints. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # A what? 888: In their joints. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Okay uh. The upper part of a man's body is his? Think you just said it. 888: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay um okay they measure the height of a horse. Wait here let's do this you have a left and a right? 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What is that? 888: Palm. Interviewer: Uh whole thing. 888: Hand. Interviewer: Okay and they measure the height of a horse in 888: Feet. Interviewer: Mm. 888: Foot. Interviewer: Not feet but 888: Hand. I mean Interviewer: Yeah. 888: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And okay so you can have one hand or two 888: Palms. Interviewer: Okay but just say the plural of hand. 888: Hands. Interviewer: Okay um okay you might say that the pain ran from his heel all the way up his whole 888: Leg. Interviewer: Okay uh. You might say I stumbled over a box in the dark and bruised my 888: Leg. Interviewer: Okay but you-do you have a name for the part of your leg right here? 888: The front bone I guess. Interviewer: Okay um okay when your a little kid and-and you used play marbles sometimes little kids sit like this when they're playing marbles you know shoot. How-what would you say that you had to do to get in this position? 888: Squat. Interviewer: Okay um would you ever say hunker down? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um somebody's been sick quite a while but he's up and around now but he's still looks just a little bit what? 888: Pink. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh okay a man is not weak but usually he's if he's not weak then he's? 888: If he's not weak strong. Interviewer: Okay um some person who always has a smile on his face and never loses his temper you might say he's awfully? What? 888: Happy. Interviewer: Okay um okay say a boy is in his early teens and he's and he's just all arms and legs and he can hardly walk through the house without breaking something and you know you say oh he's at that what stage? 888: Good stage? Interviewer: Um referring to this condition about how he knocks things over you don't ne- 888: Oh. Nervous stage. Interviewer: Um it's really not so much if he's nervous or not it's 888: Repeat that over please. Interviewer: Okay he walks through the house and he's just you know he stumbles over things and he bumps into things and he he hits things with his arms and his legs and 888: Clumsy stage. Interviewer: Okay um A person who just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you might say he's just a plain what? 888: Dummy. Interviewer: Okay um a person who has plenty of money and hangs on to it would be a? 888: Hangs on to it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Tight. Interviewer: Okay uh Would you say that man is a tight or that man is tight? 888: He's tight. Interviewer: Okay okay and somebody who's tight you might say he's a what? 888: Might say he's greedy. Interviewer: Okay okay um. If you said that girl is very common. What would you mean? First of all would you ever say that? 888: That girl is ve-very common? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: No I wouldn't say that. I'd say I would say that she is co-I would say you know {D: don't have a face face like} she's pretty common. Interviewer: What would you mean by that? 888: Well she's pretty straight. She go by the all the rules. Interviewer: She what? 888: She goes by all the rules. Interviewer: Oh okay I see okay. Would you mean that to be a compliment or not? 888: We- well you can mean it as a compliment that you know if a girl wants to go by the rules you know str- play things straight on through Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 888: #2 which some # person might do wrong. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay um okay if an old man is still real strong and active and he doesn't say his show his age you might say you know he's really still quite what? 888: A kid. Interviewer: Okay or would you ever say anything like {D: spry or peppy or brash or trappy or lively or anything like that? Chipper?} 888: Lively. Interviewer: Okay um okay say um say you had kids and you had a teenage daughter and she had been dating and she was out later than usual. And you might say well I don't suppose there's anything wrong but I still can't help feeling a little? 888: Curious? Interviewer: Okay um. You don't feel easy about it but you probably feel? 888: Unhappy. Interviewer: Okay or opposite of easy would be 'un-? 888: Opposite of easy? Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you don't feel easy about it. You feel 888: Sad. Interviewer: Okay okay uh. Let's see. You might say I don't want to go upstairs in the dark. I'm what? 888: Scared. Interviewer: Okay um any other word you might use? 888: Afraid. Interviewer: Okay. Is there a difference between scared and afraid? 888: Yeah no it it is not when you're afraid you're scared Interviewer: Uh-huh okay uh Does one mean sort of a temporary condition and the other one means something that happens over and over? Or are they- are they just the same just exactly the same? 888: Not really. I mean scared is something that you're scared of and you can't face it and afraid is something that you are afraid of something. You know something that you're afraid of at home. Something you see. It frightens you. Interviewer: Okay uh a place like a dark road alongside a graveyard is a what kind of place? 888: No an alley? Interviewer: Oh okay but this is beside a graveyard. 888: Beside a graveyard. Interviewer: This is a place where you might get scared. So you'd say that's a what kind of place? 888: Creepy place. Creepy road. Interviewer: Okay. {X} Interviewer: Okay uh you might say of somebody she isn't afraid now but she 888: Be af- be afraid later. Interviewer: Uh before. 888: She not afraid not but she be afraid Interviewer: #1 Last # 888: #2 before. # Interviewer: Last year- let's say last year she was afraid but now she's not afraid. So how would you tell me that? 888: She was afraid before but now she's not afraid now. Interviewer: Okay um about the D: old gray mare you'd say she ain't what she? 888: Used to be. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} What would be the opposite of used to be? Like you might use it in a sentence. I don't understand why she's afraid she Now she's afraid but 888: Sh- she didn't she used to not. Interviewer: Okay okay um You might say I-I wouldn't say these kids around here are reckless drivers but some of them are just kind of 888: Dangerous. Interviewer: Okay or you might say your son made too many mistakes. Say say you had a son and he made too many mistakes on an arithmetic test you'd say you shouldn't be so what with your figures? 888: #1 Clumsy. # Interviewer: #2 On a test? # What? 888: Clumsy. Interviewer: Okay um If you're if you're a driver and just sort of forget to signal and you forget to do some kind of things you might say you're a what kind of driver? 888: I forget some of the things to do? Interviewer: Yeah that you're supposed to do. That make it safe yeah. 888: Um. I would say nervous type of driver. Interviewer: Okay um Okay you might say there's really nothing wrong with aunt Lizzy but sometimes she just acts kind of? 888: Funny. Interviewer: Okay what's another word for funny? 888: Uh another word for funny could be a little off. Interviewer: Okay another word? Any other words for funny or off? 888: Not together. Interviewer: Okay okay what um 888: You want another word for funny. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} Okay would you use the word queer in that sentence? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay how would you use the word queer? 888: I would use the word queer as like some you know some like some fag dresses up like some girl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 888: That's what I would call him. Interviewer: Okay okay what's a fag? Is that a male homosexual? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay okay uh let's see okay somebody who who makes up his mind and nothing can make him change it you might say he's really 888: He's really uh {X} He's really made up his mind. Interviewer: Okay yeah but what would be one word to describe somebody's like that. You can't change his mind. Nothing you do can make him change his mind. 888: What would I say? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: {X} He really got his mind on it. Interviewer: Okay okay um if something happened to embarrass somebody or to make them mad uh you might say to somebody else now don't mention it he's still a little something on that subject. 888: Something bad happened? Interviewer: Yeah something embarrassing happened. 888: Oh. Interviewer: Now don't mention it to him he's still a little something on that subject. 888: He's a little shook up. Interviewer: Okay um you might say I was just kidding him. I didn't know he'd get 888: Mad. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} um say you're at the theater and the and the at the show and the and the building catches on fire. And somebody might stand up and say we'll be alright just keep what? 888: Quiet. Interviewer: Okay or don't panic keep? 888: {X} Interviewer: No okay that's 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Quiet is the opposite of noisy. But what's the opposite of excited or panicked? 888: Excited or panicked? Interviewer: #1 Yeah that # 888: #2 Happy. # Interviewer: The opposite of it. The opposite of of uh scared would be? 888: Afraid? Interviewer: No that's the same thing. 888: #1 Frightened. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # The opposite. 888: Of scared? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I'd just say afraid. Interviewer: Okay what would somebody say if- you probably wouldn't say probably wouldn't care if you were quiet. He'd jump up and say now stay 888: Seated. Interviewer: He wants you to keep cool. What's another word for keep cool? {X} 888: Be calm. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um. Mm. Okay if you'd been working real hard you might say you're real 888: Tired. Interviewer: Okay and if you'd been working real real hard and you're real real tired you might say you're all 888: Wore out. Interviewer: Okay um you hear somebody's in the hospital and you might say gosh he was looking fine yesterday. I wonder when it was he 888: Got sick. Interviewer: Okay uh say somebody got overheated and he got chilled and his eyes and nose started running you might say he what? 888: Bad cold. He got a bad cold. Interviewer: Okay uh and if the cold begins to affect his voice you might say he's beginning to get 888: A sore throat. Interviewer: Okay but I mean he has to whisper he's not 888: #1 Laryngitis? # Interviewer: #2 sound # Mm okay okay or I'm a little h- 888: Hoarse. Interviewer: And if he keeps going {NW} you'd say he's got a? 888: Bad cough. Interviewer: Okay um you might say about this time in the afternoon you might say I think I'll go to bed. I'm getting a little bit 888: Tired. Interviewer: Not so much 888: #1 Sleepy. # Interviewer: #2 tired. # Okay um okay at six o'clock in the morning I will? 888: Get up. Interviewer: O-okay but before that you have to? 888: {D: six o'clock in the morning you get up} Interviewer: Um okay but you have to set your alarm so that you will? 888: Get up Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 on time. # Interviewer: Okay but before you get out of bed before you can actually get up you're asleep and you have to? 888: Set the alarm. Interviewer: Okay but okay you set the alarm and then you go to sleep and then you're asleep and then you have to what w-um? 888: Mm you have to before you go back to sl- before you get up before you get up? Interviewer: Before you get up in the morning you're lying there and when you actually get out of bed you're already awake. 888: Uh-huh Interviewer: And before you're awake you have to- and you're asleep. Before you're awake you have to what up? 888: Turn the alarm off? Interviewer: Mm let's say you might say to somebody he's still sleeping you better go? 888: Wake him up. Interviewer: Okay so at six o'clock in the morning I will? 888: Wake him up. Interviewer: Okay okay or 888: {D: Oh what did I say wait} Interviewer: I-or would you just say I will? 888: I'll wake myself up. Interviewer: Okay okay um Um if the medicine is still by the patient's bedside you might ask why haven't you? 888: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: Okay and the patient might answer I something some yesterday. 888: I had some yesterday. Interviewer: Okay but if you use the word take? You might say I? 888: Taken some yesterday. Interviewer: Okay. And I will something some more later. 888: I will take some more some later. Interviewer: Okay and if somebody can't hear anything at all you might say he's stone 888: Crazy. Stone. Interviewer: Can't hear. 888: Stone crazy. Interviewer: No he's just he's 888: Repeat it again please. Interviewer: He just can't he just can't hear nothing. 888: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Speak up. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Speak up. 888: Oh he's deaf. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} If uh if somebody began to sweat when he started to work by the time he finished you'd say he really what a lot? 888: {X} Interviewer: Okay but if you're going to use the word sweat you'd say he really 888: Sweat a lot. Interviewer: Okay um. Okay some kind of-there's a certain kind of sore that people get and sometimes it comes on the back of a person's neck or I guess it can be anywhere but seems like a lot of times they're on the back of a person's neck and it's uh mm sometimes the doctor has to go in and lance it. And get that junk in it out. And uh it's like a big uh blister or something. Oh it's about that sm-that big. You know what I'm talking about? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh well they use the same word for um if you're going to cook something 888: #1 Oh. Boil. # Interviewer: #2 sometimes you have to put water on to. # Yeah okay uh when they have to lance open a boil what do you call that stuff that comes out? 888: Pus. Interviewer: Okay {NW} 888: {X} Interviewer: Yeah isn't that great. Got some more of those too. {X} When you get a blister okay just a regular blister like uh on your hand. 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: The liquid that forms under the skin you'd call what? 888: The liquid that forms under the skin? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Dead skin. Interviewer: Okay okay um. You might say a bee stung me and my hand 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 888: Swole. Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say it's still pretty badly? 888: Swole. Interviewer: Okay and but it's not infected so it probably won't what much? 888: Hurt much. Interviewer: Oh same word. 888: Swole much. Interviewer: Okay um okay if in a war if a bullet goes through your arm you'd say you have a? 888: A wound. Interviewer: Okay um have you ever heard of a kind of wound where it doesn't heal clean and a white kind of granular substance forms around the edge. Sometimes it has to be cut out or burned out {D: with alum} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay would you ever call any kind of flesh? 888: I would call it flesh. Interviewer: Okay have you ever ever heard it called uh proud flesh? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um if you got a little cut on your finger and you didn't want it go get infected you'd probably go get some medicine out of the medicine cabinet that's red 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 that # stings. #1 And it's got # 888: #2 Stings? # Interviewer: a skull and cross bones you know on the 888: Oh I think I know what you're talking about uh you talking about that iodine? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Okay. Interviewer: Um okay there's another there's a chemical kind of thing that people-uh that they used to give people tonic for malaria. And sometimes they give it to people in capsules for when they get a cold. For a fever. 888: {X} Interviewer: Mm yeah it's kind of like that but it's the uh stuff in it's stronger. 888: Couldn't tell you Interviewer: #1 Okay okay. # 888: #2 that is because # Interviewer: Um. You might say the doctor did everything he could but the patient what anyway? 888: Died anyway. Interviewer: Okay what are some other words for died? 888: Dead. Interviewer: I mean just a verb like died. He died or he what? 888: Lived. Interviewer: No just 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 that means died. # 888: Dead death. Interviewer: Um okay somebody comes up okay what would a preacher say? A preacher like at the funeral probably wouldn't say well he died on Wednesday. He'd probably say well on Wednesday he 888: Slept. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay and what's another word like that? 888: Sleep. Interviewer: Would you ever say passed? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay how- would you use it in a sentence for me? 888: He passed away. Interviewer: Okay okay um Which of those terms you consider to be most polite? 888: Which one of them terms? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I would say deceased. Interviewer: Okay okay um okay do you know of any crude and humorous ways to saying that he died like I sure am glad that old skin flint finally what? 888: Skin flint {NS} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 Passed away. # Interviewer: Okay uh but this you're not meaning to be nice. Would you ever say uh 888: Well I'm glad you know I'm glad he what passed away uh Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 I'm glad he # Well I'm sure glad he's not I'm sure glad he's dead. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say kicked the bucket or cashed in or pegged out or anything like that? 888: Kicked the bucket. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Um you might say he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he? 888: Died of. Interviewer: Okay um okay and the place where they bury people is called a? 888: A cemetery. Interviewer: If it's small and out in the country you'd call it a? Something different same thing? 888: Something different. Out in the country? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Pasture? Interviewer: No uh where they bury people. 888: Oh. Interviewer: It'd it'd be kind of small. 888: Small. I couldn't tell you what that is. Interviewer: Okay would you call it a cemetery would you just? 888: I'd just call it a cemetery. Interviewer: Okay have you ever seen the kind- it's real small and they're out on the farm and usually just a family's buried there. 888: Yes I have. Interviewer: What would you call that? 888: Home burial I guess. Interviewer: Okay um what do they call the box that they put people in? To bury them in? 888: Casket. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 888: Anything else naming the casket? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: The box. Interviewer: Okay um you might say he was a really important man. Everybody turned out for his? 888: Funeral. Interviewer: Okay and if people are all dressed in black you'd say they are in? 888: All dressed in black. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Going to a funeral. Interviewer: Okay um. Okay say your walking down the street on just an average sort of day I mean you don't feel real good but you don't feel real bad either and somebody says hey how you doing you might say oh I'm just? 888: Hanging on. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody's troubled you might say oh it will come out all right don't? 888: Don't worry. Interviewer: Okay uh back to the joints and stuff I think you'd told me what what it is that people old people get in their joints you might say that I've got a touch of? 888: Arthritis. Interviewer: {NW} Would you say that again? 888: Arthritis. Interviewer: Okay um Used to be there was a disease that children died of it was a sever sore throat and they had like blisters on the inside of their throat and they'd choke in the middle of the night. 888: Oh they'd choke in the middle of the night? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And they die from it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Yeah. There's a- you have to get a shot for it now before you can enter school. 888: Oh. Interviewer: I think it's a it seems like a there's a shot where you get three? 888: Vaccination shot. Interviewer: Yeah. And it's for a certain disease. The name of the disease is what I'm looking for. 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You get one # What? 888: Polio? Interviewer: Okay it's a different one. 888: Diphtheria? Interviewer: Yeah um. Okay if you're skin and your eye balls turn yellow and there's something wrong with your kidneys probably you'd say you're getting? 888: Yellow fever. Interviewer: Okay um. If you have a sharp pain in your lower right abdomen you'd and you might have to have an operation you'd say you have? 888: Your appendix. Interviewer: Okay what what's the disease called? 888: What is it called? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Down in your stomach? Interviewer: Yeah if you have to have your appendix taken out you'd say you have a what? 888: Disease in there? Interviewer: Okay um Okay when you eat and drink things that don't-oh I don't want to talk about this 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # when you eat and drink things that don't agree with you you might and they come back up you might say that you? 888: Vomit them up. Interviewer: Okay or what's another word for vomit? 888: Throw up. Interviewer: Okay which of those two is more polite? 888: Vomit. Interviewer: Okay um. What are some crude terms that you know for that? That you wouldn't use in polite company you know. 888: Uh throw up throw it all throwed up his food Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And spit out his food. Interviewer: Okay okay um say it's at a party and it's pretty warm and so on and you might say I think I better get some fresh air I'm beginning to feel a little sick. 888: In the stomach? Interviewer: Okay I don't want to talk about that. {NW} 888: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay say you had a real gossipy neighbor. 888: Mm. Interviewer: You might say man she hardly got the news when she came right over to what? 888: She hardly got the news when she came right over to listen. Interviewer: Uh not to listen but she wanted you to know about it so she came over to? 888: Blab. Blab about it. Interviewer: Okay okay. 888: We got some nosy neighbors like that. Interviewer: {NW} 888: Just like yesterday we were you know you know how you got me {X} yesterday. Everybody said can I see it can I see it? Interviewer: I imagine I imagine. Is-you're probably the the head of the neighborhood now. 888: Yeah I am. Interviewer: {NW} 888: Got to put some good locks in the door. Interviewer: Yeah you'd better. Somebody's going to come in and lift your stereo. 888: Yeah don't let me catch him {X} go down with a thirty thirty. Interviewer: {NW} It did come {X} 888: Yeah it came yesterday. Interviewer: That's good. Were you there when it came? 888: Yes I was there they you know brought it I was sitting right there looking at the T.V. and they just dropped off. They surprised me because I thought they weren't going to come. But they came yesterday. Interviewer: That's great. Where'd you get it? 888: Huh? Interviewer: Where'd you get it? 888: {D: At Johnskys.} {X} I had to make another you know more room you know because I didn't Like you uh I had some room you know for it to go but had to make a little more room for it you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: It's really long and the eight track. That's that's why I borrowed this tape today from this dude. Interviewer: It's got It's got a tape player in it? 888: Yeah it's got an eight track player and stereo and FM radio and AM radio. It's pretty nice. I like it. Interviewer: Very neat. What kind of music do you like? 888: I mostly like soul music. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And uh the jazz. Jazz music too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: As in I'm going to the jazz festival. Supposed to be leaving tonight around seven-thirty. And I'll be in Houston. Yeah. Interviewer: You're going to this tonight? You're going? 888: Well I mean the jazz festival is Saturday but I'm going up there because they want me to come on up there now. Interviewer: That's neat. That's neat. Well we won't get together tomorrow then if you're going to be in Houston. I had forgotten about that. 888: Yeah that's true. I wo- I won't be here Friday. Interviewer: Well next week. 888: Yeah okay that'd be Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 fine. # Interviewer: Okay. You're going to have a good weekend. 888: Yeah I am going to have a good Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 week. Get away from # San Antonio man. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Meet some new people. Interviewer: That'll be neat. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay you might say if I don't get to go I what be disappointed? 888: If I don't get to go I'd be uh mad. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} Okay say this boy keeps going over to this same girl's house all the time. You might say he is what? 888: Stuck on that girl. Interviewer: Okay and or you might say they are what? 888: Going together. Interviewer: Okay okay uh when you say going together does that mean that they're dating somebody else too or? not or what do you mean exactly when you say going together? 888: Well I would just say they are together they're going together. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And I would say they just like being engaged. Interviewer: Okay okay um okay uh when a boy and girl are going together uh he is he would be called her what? 888: She would be called her? Interviewer: He-he would be called her? 888: Fiancée. Interviewer: Okay say they weren't engaged yet. 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: So you know then what would you say? 888: Oh boyfriend. Interviewer: Okay and and she'd be his 888: Girlfriend. Interviewer: Okay um say a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar and his little brother goes aha you've been what? 888: Kissing. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} Um okay if a girl stops letting this boy come over to see her you'd say she? 888: She doesn't like him no more. Interviewer: Okay. Um but what does she do? 888: She quit him. Interviewer: Okay. And if he had asked her to marry him and she said no you'd say-you'd say she? 888: She didn't want to get married. Interviewer: Okay uh if they were they might maybe okay maybe they were engaged. But then all of a sudden she just? 888: {NS} Quit him. Interviewer: Okay okay um now if a man did that to a woman would you use the same word? Same phrase? 888: If a man did it to a woman? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Um I would say dropped him. Interviewer: Okay okay uh Okay say that {NS} they didn't break up you'd say they went ahead and got? 888: Married. Interviewer: Okay and at a wedding the man who stands up {NS} is the {NS} 888: Bride. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 888: #2 Wait what you say # The man that Interviewer: #1 The man you know # 888: #2 stands # Interviewer: who usually holds the ring. 888: Oh the preacher. Interviewer: Um no there's a-okay you got the preacher in the middle and the groom here and the bride here and usually there's a man on the other side of the groom and a girl on the other side of the bride like that. And you know what do you call those those other two in the wedding? 888: Best man. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call the girl on the other side of the bride? 888: Best girl? Interviewer: Okay um Have you ever heard of uh the kind of deal where after the wedding all the boys in the neighborhood gather around the couples house and make all kinds of noise and stuff like that. Have you ever heard anything like that? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Do you have a name for it? 888: No but I don't- but they don't do that today. They used to do that a long time ago. Interviewer: Yeah yeah I had never heard of the {X} either. Um okay you might say about seeing a friend I saw him mm in Houston? 888: I saw him yesterday in Houston. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say down in Houston or up in Houston or over in Houston? 888: Up in Houston. Interviewer: Okay uh what if it was uh what if it was in Fort-Fort Worth say? I saw him what in Fort Worth? 888: I seen him in Fort Worth. Interviewer: Okay would you say over in Fort Worth or up in Fort Worth or down in Fort Worth? 888: Up in Fort Worth. Interviewer: Okay what if it was in um Corpus Christi? Uh would you say I saw him up in Corpus Christi or down in Corpus Christi or over in Corpus Christi? 888: I seen him over in Corpus Christi. Interviewer: Okay okay um what's the difference? When do you use over and when do you use up? 888: It's the same thing. You can turn it in. Interviewer: Oh it's the same thing. 888: Same thing I mean up and down. Up and over. Interviewer: Okay okay um same thing for uh some body living in somebody's house. You might say he lives something at the Brown's house. 888: He lives at the Brown's house. Interviewer: Okay but would you ever use over or up or down in there? 888: Oh he lives over at the Brown's house. Interviewer: #1 Okay okay # 888: #2 Over. # Interviewer: Um if you said that how far away would the Brown's probably be at I mean? Not very far away or- 888: Not very far away. Interviewer: Okay what if they live uh across town or something? 888: He lives uh he lives up Interviewer: Okay. 888: Uptown. Interviewer: Okay uh what if they live in the next say ten or twenty miles away? Out from town. Then you'd say he lives what at the Brown's. 888: Ten miles away? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: He lives uh I guess he lives up. Interviewer: Okay okay um okay say there was a party and there was some there was some trouble at the party but not everybody's making trouble just a few of them are making trouble. But the police came arrested the 888: Whole bunch. Interviewer: Okay. Mm after football games and stuff schools a lot of times will sponsor a? 888: After the school a dance? Interviewer: Okay um You might say four o'clock is the time when school? 888: Gets out. Interviewer: Okay. And after the the day after labor day is the day that school? 888: Closes. Holiday. Interviewer: Uh it's-okay. After Labor Day it's the end of the summer vacation so that's when school? 888: Ends. I mean Interviewer: It's the 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 vacation that ends # unfortunately. 888: Starts. Interviewer: Okay okay. What's another word you might use for starts? Starts with a B. 888: Beginning. Interviewer: Okay uh okay if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up you'd say he {NS} 888: Shooting the hook Interviewer: He what? 888: Shooting a hook Interviewer: What's that? 888: Well that's when person's supposed to have come somewhere go somewhere and never shows up. Or somewhere that somebody sent him. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay so it doesn't just apply to school. 888: It doesn't no it don't. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. Would you use it in a sentence for me? 888: He shot a hook yesterday off. He shot a hook. Interviewer: Okay okay. Um okay you-you go to school in order to get an? 888: Education. Interviewer: Okay and after high school you go on to? 888: College. Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into the? 888: After kindergarten. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Junior. Oh after kindergarten. What grade? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: First grade. Interviewer: Okay um used to be children sat down at um benches in school but now they sit at? 888: Desks. Interviewer: Okay and each child has his own? 888: Desk. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you want to check out a book you go to the? 888: Library. Interviewer: Okay and you mail a package at the? 888: Post office. Interviewer: And you stay over night in a strange town at a? 888: Place. Interviewer: Okay um what would you call it? 888: Town. Interviewer: Uh the- you might say-stay at the uh the Hilton 888: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Or the Sheraton. # And those are? 888: Hotel. Interviewer: Okay um. You go to see a play or movie at the what? 888: Movies. Interviewer: Okay okay um anything else you might call the place where you go? 888: Auditorium convention center. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you go to the what to have an operation? 888: Hospital. Interviewer: Okay and somebody who looks after you in the hospital and and takes your pulse and gives you shots and? 888: Doctor. Interviewer: Okay or a? 888: Nurse. Interviewer: Okay um and you catch a train at the? 888: Train station. Interviewer: Okay or the rail- 888: Rail station. Interviewer: Okay um what do you call the place in the center of town around the courthouse? 888: The place around the courthouse? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: In town. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there-I don't know if there is one- is there one here? 888: Yeah we got a courthouse. Interviewer: Yeah. Is there a little green place around it of some kind? Those grassy places or something like that. 888: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Okay well have you seen little towns where there's like a green green uh place you know around the courthouse? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um okay uh say there's a vacant lot at the corner and you go across it instead of using sidewalk to go around it you know you'd-if you do that you'd say your walking? 888: On the grass. Interviewer: Okay um let me ask it another way. Okay so here's a street. And here's a street. Okay and there's a building right here and a building here and a building here and a building here okay this building and this building would be across the street from each other right? 888: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay and this building and this building are what from each other? 888: Apart from each other. Interviewer: Okay is there a particular word you might use for that? 888: In between each other. Interviewer: Would you ever say okay there's something across the street from each other #1 it's it's another word # 888: #2 there's a building # across the street. Interviewer: Okay it's another word and it kind of means diagonal. Because see these are straight across the street but these are diagonally across the street but there's another word for diagonal. 888: Rectangle. Interviewer: {D: Would you ever use kitty-corner or katy-cater cornered or catty-cornered or?} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay okay uh let's see oh now they have buses in San Antonio you know public transportation? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: But used to be they had you can still see the tracks where some of them used to? 888: Oh oh uh rail cars. Interviewer: Okay okay um Okay you might tell a bus driver the next corner is where I want? 888: To get off. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a cat goes over to the door and meows you might say the cat? 888: Meowed. Interviewer: The cat wants? 888: Some milk. Interviewer: No he goes over to the door. 888: Oh he goes to the oh he wants to get out. Interviewer: Okay uh Okay. San Antonio is the it's where the have all the county government for Bexar county. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: You know all the county offices and stuff like that are here. And you you'd say that San Antonio is the county what? 888: Of Bexar county? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Of Bexar? Interviewer: Yeah it's the main city and another word for the main city would be? 888: San Antonio. Interviewer: Okay yeah have you ever heard it call the the county capital or the county seat or the county side or the county town? 888: County county town. Interviewer: Okay um okay if you're an FBI agent then you work for the federal? 888: Agency. Interviewer: Okay uh but the whole thing would be the federal? 888: Investigation. Interviewer: Um okay. 888: Private investigation. Interviewer: At school you have to take a course in history and then usually a course in? 888: World history. Interviewer: Um well I think they called it civics when I was in school. Always thought it was a stupid name. But in civics like you study that uh the United States. There are three branches the judiciary the legislative and the executive branches of? 888: United States. Interviewer: Okay the united states gov- 888: Governor. Interviewer: What? 888: Governor uh. Interviewer: Okay um 888: #1 Legislational # Interviewer: #2 Is that # 888: Did you say repeat that again. Interviewer: Just just what do you call the organization that um that governs I guess. Uh that rules. You'd say it's the? 888: Democrats. Interviewer: Um. The word I want is two s- is is simpler. The closest you've come is when you said governor but uh um okay who who pays the postmaster? 888: The city. Interviewer: Not the city but the federal what? 888: Labor department. Interviewer: Uh the whole thing. The whole organization up there that's in you know the? 888: #1 Federal # Interviewer: #2 okay # 888: Federal tax. Go ahead. Interviewer: Okay the president is the head of the federal? 888: Government. Interviewer: What? 888: Federal government. Interviewer: Okay okay {NW} a political candidate who wants the police to get tougher says he's for what? 888: President. Interviewer: Okay uh the police are supposed to enforce the what? 888: Law. Interviewer: Okay and so somebody wants them to get tougher he wants them to enforce the law and? 888: The rules. Interviewer: Uh okay Richard Nixon was this was a big slogan of his campaign. Law and something. 888: Law and repeat that again? Interviewer: It was a big um it's kind of a motto sort of thing from when Richard Nixon ran for president. Law and? 888: Order. Interviewer: Okay now would you say the whole phrase for me? 888: Law Interviewer: I'm sorry what? 888: Law and order. Interviewer: Okay okay um okay and eighteen sixty-one to eighteen sixty-five in this country we had a war that we call the? 888: Battle of flowers? Interviewer: What? 888: Battle of flowers. Interviewer: In this country. 888: In this country? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: World War one. Interviewer: Uh earlier than that. Lincoln was president. 888: Uh world war Interviewer: The-the slaves were freed. It wasn't a world war. 888: What year I mean? Interviewer: It was a hundred years ago. 888: Hundred years ago. Interviewer: More than a hundred years ago. 888: And what do we call it? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah the south was going to secede from the union and uh and because of that well they did I guess secede and Jefferson Davis was appointed you know or elected president of the south and Lincoln was president of the whole country at the time and the guys that the soldiers in the south wore gray and the the army in the north wore wore blue. 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and and uh the song Dixie got to be the oh what was it song for the south at that time. And it was the north against the south you know. What-what war is that? 888: United States war? Interviewer: Okay okay um okay used to be before they had the electric chair murderers were? 888: Hung by the neck. Interviewer: Okay and you might say that man felt so bad that he went out and what himself? 888: Hung his self. Interviewer: Okay um Um okay the largest city in this country is what would you say? 888: New York. Interviewer: And New York is in what state? 888: United States. Interviewer: Mm Okay this is Texas and New York is in what? 888: Texas. Interviewer: N- 888: I mean New York. Interviewer: Okay okay uh would you say the whole thing with state on the end? 888: {x} New York state. Interviewer: Okay um okay Baltimore is in? 888: Baltimore is in Interviewer: What state? 888: Northeast state? Interviewer: Okay um okay Richmond is the capital of what state? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay do what why don't you name as many southern states as you can think of for me? You know the ones in the-across the south. 888: Across the south? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Okay. Italy. That's not in the south. Interviewer: No no no no that doesn't count. Try again. Okay what's this state? 888: San- I mean the United States. Interviewer: I mean this just? 888: Texas. Interviewer: Okay and then the one just north of here is? 888: Did- the one that's in the north of here? Interviewer: Yeah yeah just north of here just. It's-it's shaped. It's shaped. It has a panhandle that sticks out 888: #1 Nevada? # Interviewer: #2 about like that. # Uh it has a bunch of Indians up there. And there was a musical. {C: singing} Okay um I'm not going to sing anymore. {NW} Okay what's the state just to the east of here? 888: Just to the east of here. I'm not too good at maps states. Interviewer: Maps and stuff. Where-where do Cajuns live? 888: Cajuns? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Okay uh let's see Okay can you think of any other states just states? Names of states. 888: New York uh that's a lot I mean. There's a lot of states but I just can't think of all them states. Interviewer: Okay uh let's see. Um Columbia is the capital of 888: United States? Interviewer: Mm No. 888: #1 Columbus # Interviewer: #2 um # 888: What is it? {NS} Interviewer: Uh what what okay what's-what's the capital of the united states? 888: The capital of the United States? Interviewer: Uh-huh. The whole thing. Wash- 888: Oh Washington DC oh. Interviewer: Okay okay um okay uh during the {NS} {X} 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay um okay. What are two southern states where they grow a lot of peaches? 888: {X} Interviewer: Um okay Tallahassee is the capital of? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay uh what-what state's Cape Canaveral in? Do you know? 888: Cape what? Interviewer: Canaveral? You know where the blast the rockets off from? 888: Cape Kennedy? Interviewer: Yeah where-what state's it in? 888: Kennedy? Interviewer: It's the-uh it's the state that like here's the United States and it kind of hangs down here. On the far east coast. Okay just let me go through the rest of these first asks. Uh George Wallace is the governor of what state? {NW} 888: I don't know. Interviewer: No. Um Baton Rouge is the capital of? And New Orleans is there? That's 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay the blue grass state is what? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay the volunteer state? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay there's one called the show me state? 888: The show me state. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: No I don't know. Interviewer: Okay what's the state named after the biggest river in the country? 888: Mississippi. Interviewer: Okay um Okay and Little Rock is the capital of? 888: Little Rock little? Interviewer: What? 888: Austin. Interviewer: Uh let's see. Tulsa Tulsa is in what state? 888: Texas. Interviewer: Mm okay Boston is in? 888: Texas. Interviewer: Okay the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the new what? 888: The new uh {X} but I just can't remember. Interviewer: Okay um oh the biggest city in Maryland? Would-do you know what that is? 888: The biggest city in Maryland? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Okay um the biggest city in Missouri and it has a famous blues name for it? 888: A famous blue- in Missouri? Interviewer: Uh-huh. There was a world's fair there one time. In the thirties I think. 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} what's the old historical sea port in South Carolina? How about the steel making town in Alabama? How about the big city in Illinois where Al Capone ran rackets? 888: {NW} Interviewer: And they had the democratic convention there uh once and they had riots and stuff? Remember that? 888: {NS} You said Al Capone? Interviewer: Yeah Al Capone was there. Used to be. Not anymore. Um say the capital of Alabama is? {NS} 888: Capital of Alabama? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 What # Can you think of any other cities in Alabama? There's one on the coast. That- 888: New Jersey. Interviewer: Okay uh Oh there's a city up in the mountains in North Carolina. Um what are some big uh cities in Tennessee? Can you think of any? 888: In Tennessee? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. There's the one where they have all the country and western music now you know? 888: Uh {D: Toko i mean.} Interviewer: Uh okay there's one that has uh a song named after it and it's called the something something choo-choo. And the something something is the name of this town. No no doesn't ring a bell? Okay uh Let's see the capital and the largest city in Georgia? How about the biggest seaport in Georgia? Okay um okay the biggest city in southern Georgia is what? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay and Fort Benning is near what town in Georgia? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: It's the same as the name of the guy who discovered America. 888: #1 Columbus # Interviewer: #2 Christo- # What? 888: Columbus. Interviewer: Yeah okay um what's the biggest city in Louisiana? They have Mardi Gras and so on. 888: New Orleans? Interviewer: Okay. And the capital of Louisiana is? 888: California- Louis- Louisiana? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh okay what's uh the biggest uh cities on the Ohio river? You know? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay let's go on to countries. This is different now okay. Paris would be the capital of? 888: Great Britain. Interviewer: Uh okay it's close to there but it's a bigger country. Um 888: Spain. Interviewer: Okay just north of Spain. 888: Uh Further? Interviewer: What? 888: {X} Interviewer: {NW} I didn't here what you said. 888: Oh {X} Interviewer: No no try again. Um Mm let's see Moscow is the capital of? 888: Britain? Interviewer: Uh well the cosmonauts are from where? You know the cosmonauts that are going to rendezvous with our? 888: Where's they from? Interviewer: Space ship. Yeah what country are they from? 888: Texas. Interviewer: No. 888: I mean. Interviewer: The cosm- you know not our cosmo- not our astronauts but their cosmonauts. are from? 888: Russia. Interviewer: Okay and uh over the British Isles there's England and Scotland and Wales and one more country. 888: Spain? Interviewer: Uh they have Saint Patrick's day and they're color's green? And 888: {X} {C:mumbling a lot through here} Interviewer: Mm? 888: {X} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 Uh # Interviewer: Let's see 888: Rhode Island. Interviewer: I'm trying to think of another way another hint uh oh they-they they're having trouble between the protestants and the catholics there. And the protestants are and catholics are bombing each other's houses and stuff like that in this country. 888: Mm. Interviewer: Okay uh 888: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Okay I might say about how far is it from here to {D: New Bronkles?} 888: {D: How many miles is it form New Bronkles?} Interviewer: Yeah okay. And you're going to answer me. And you might say oh it's about make up a figure I don't know how far it is. 888: About eight miles. Interviewer: Okay uh say it again? 888: About eight miles. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody asks you if you want to go with him and you're not sure if you want to you say oh I don't know? 888: should I? Interviewer: Something I want to? I don't know if I? 888: I don't know if I should. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody asks you to do something you might say I don't know mm I can do it or not. 888: I don't know if I can do it or not. Interviewer: Okay um Okay if you want somebody to go with you you might say I won't go mm he does. 888: I won't go he he does. Interviewer: Um 888: I mean I won't go but she will. Interviewer: No you want you want him to go too. 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You you go # So I won't go mm you go. 888: But she'll go. Interviewer: Uh would you ever say without he goes or 'less he goes or unless unless he goes or lessen he goes? 888: Lessen he's going less he. Interviewer: Okay would you use that in a sentence for me? 888: I won't go unlessen he lessen he will go. Interviewer: Okay um when you could have used some help you might say afterwards say you were doing a job you know and you could have used some help you say well why did you stand around mm helping me? 888: {X} Why did you just stand around would you help me? Interviewer: Uh okay if you had a choice of doing two things uh and you said well I was going to do that-this but I decided to do that mm. 888: I I decided to do this later. Interviewer: Uh not later but? What's another word that you might tack on the end there? I was going to do this but I decided to do that? 888: Now. Interviewer: Mm okay. Um I might say why do you like him anyway and you might say well I like him what? 888: Because he's nice. Interviewer: Okay um what church-what church is it that Reverend Bailey is a preacher of? 888: Saint John. Interviewer: Saint John's what? 888: Baptist church. Interviewer: I'm sorry would you say that? 888: Saint John Baptist church. Interviewer: Okay okay if uh if somebody becomes a member you'd say he what? 888: Joined. Baptized. Interviewer: Okay okay in church you worship who? 888: God. Interviewer: What? 888: God. Interviewer: Okay um you might say the preacher delivered a fine? 888: Sermon. Interviewer: Okay and requiring the organist provided good? 888: Choir. Interviewer: #1 Choir what? # 888: #2 Singing. # Interviewer: Yeah or? The organist didn't sing he just played? 888: Piano. Organ. Interviewer: Okay. In order to play he had to open up some stuff on his on the top of the organ and then he has to read what? 888: The music. Interviewer: Okay Um You might say that was a mm service. 888: Good service. Interviewer: Okay or if you thought it was pretty another word for pretty might be? 888: Another word for pretty? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Stronger-stronger word. 888: It was a Interviewer: {X} 888: happy sermon. Interviewer: Um let's see. There's a song from Oklahoma. {C: singing} 888: What a good sermon. Interviewer: No the da- da- da- {NW} There's a word that goes in there. 888: Oh da- da- da- Interviewer: Okay if you see a really pretty sunset you might say wow that is just? 888: Just pretty. Interviewer: Stronger word. 888: Stronger word? Interviewer: It starts with a b. 888: Oh beautiful sun. Interviewer: Okay um if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one Sunday morning you might say gosh church is going to be over? what? 888: Soon. Interviewer: Well but your- you want to get there and you say before I can get this tire changes church is? 888: It's going to be out. Interviewer: Okay okay. Um. What do people sometimes tell children would come and get them if they didn't behave? 888: Repeat that please. Interviewer: Did your mother ever used to-if you tell you that is you didn't behave this particular kind of person was going to come and get you? 888: The devil. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay do you have any other names for the devil? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um what is it that people sometimes think they see around a graveyard? 888: Ghost. Interviewer: Okay uh what kind of house has these kinds of things in it? 888: A haunted. Interviewer: Okay um you might say if you had a choice you might say I'd? No let's put it another way. I might say well I'll go if you insist but I'd mm not. 888: Rather not. Interviewer: Okay um. What do you say to a friend that you haven't seen for a long time. How do you express you know you're feeling about seeing him? 888: How do I how I express myself about seeing a friend I ain't never seen I mean lately? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I would say uh long time no see. Interviewer: Okay okay how would you tell him that you're really glad to see him? 888: By-by shaking his hand or you know giving him big big hugs something like that. Interviewer: Okay okay uh okay say you know some guy who owns five hundred acres of land. You'd say that's a what of land? 888: Lot of land. Interviewer: Okay um If you want to express agreement with somebody stronger and more enthusiastically than by just saying yes what would you say? {NS} 888: Express agreement? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I would say thank you and for your time and your cooperation. Interviewer: I mean like if I say golly it's hot in here and you don't just say yes you say? 888: Yes it's really hot in here. Interviewer: Okay um uh let's see. I might say do you really think you can do that? And you might say I mm can. 888: Yes I can. Interviewer: I- 888: I mean Interviewer: I something can. Put-fill in the something. 888: Oh. Interviewer: Do you really think you can do that? You say I mm can. 888: I sure can. Interviewer: Okay um. If you want to be real polite to somebody like oh just some friends of your parents or somebody like that would you say yes no or would you say yes? 888: Yes sir Interviewer: #1 Okay # 888: #2 and yes ma'am. # Interviewer: Okay um. If somebody uh intensely disliked going somewhere you'd say he mm hated that place. 888: He sure hated that place. Interviewer: Okay uh You might say it wasn't just a little hot last week it was what hot? 888: {X} It was really hot last week. Interviewer: Okay okay um Okay if something shocking is reporting you might hear somebody say why the very? 888: Shocking thing happen? Interviewer: Uh there's just a one little one little word. Why the 888: Why the Interviewer: It's an exclamation. 888: Why did it happen? Interviewer: Mm okay um when a friend says good morning what do you say to him in return? 888: Good morning. Interviewer: Okay um when you're introduced to a stranger what do you say? When you shake their hand you know and say? 888: How you doing? Interviewer: Okay um if somebody's leaving after a visit you might tell them I hope you'll come? 888: Next time. Interviewer: Okay or another word for next time would be? 888: Soon. Interviewer: Okay or another word? {NW} Come back a-? 888: See me. See. Interviewer: Uh okay the word would start with? 888: Come back in Interviewer: a- a- 888: Again? Interviewer: Okay. Okay. {NS} Um how would you greet somebody about December the 25th? 888: Uh Christmas. I would say Merry Christmas. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 And # And happy m-merry merry Christmas and happy new years. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard anything besides merry Christmas? Older people say? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Okay um. What's something that you might say by way of appreciation besides just thank you? You might say oh I'm much o-? 888: Obliged. Interviewer: Okay uh. Okay you might say I have to go to town to do some? 888: Work. Interviewer: Mm you're going to buy stuff. 888: Oh shop. Interviewer: Okay to-to do what now? 888: Shop. Interviewer: Okay to shop okay. Um okay say you bought something and the storekeeper took a piece of paper and he? 888: Rolled it together. Interviewer: Okay or he what the package up in it? 888: Wrapped the package. Interviewer: Okay and when you got home you had to? 888: {NS} Unwrap. {NS} Unwrap the package. Interviewer: Say that again. 888: Unwrap the package. Interviewer: Okay uh um okay if a storekeeper sold something for two dollars that he paid three dollars for you'd say he'd be selling it? 888: For more. Interviewer: He's really selling it for less. 888: Oh you said he's selling it for two dollars. And he's Interviewer: And he paid three. 888: And he's paying three. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: He's- he's selling it for cheaper. Interviewer: Okay um you might say gee I sure do like that mm motorcycle. But I can't buy it because it what? 888: Cost too much. Interviewer: I'm sorry? 888: Cost too much. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. When it's time to pay the bill you say the bill is? {NS} 888: Overdue. Time to be paid. Interviewer: Okay what was the first thing you said? 888: Overdue. Interviewer: Okay and to stay in good standing at a club or lodge you have to pay your? 888: Bill. Interviewer: Uh or your Du- 888: Oh your dues. Interviewer: Okay um if you if you need to cut the grass and you don't have a lawn mower you go over to a neighbor and ask to? {NS} 888: Cut his grass. Interviewer: Mm you're going to cut your grass. You don't want to cut his grass. You just want a lawnmower. 888: Oh you just want a lawnmower. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So you ask to And he's got one. 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And so you ask to what his lawnmower? 888: Let me lawn your let me use your lawnmower. Interviewer: Okay or what's another word for you know loan it to me? Let me what? 888: Let me borrow it from you. Interviewer: Alright. Um {NS} Uh back in the depression they used to say money was real? 888: Scarce. Interviewer: Okay um somebody ran down the the springboard at the pool and what in? 888: Bent in. Interviewer: What? 888: B- Bent in. Interviewer: Um okay he's on the diving board 888: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 okay? # And he didn't jump in but he went head first? 888: Oh he dived in. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and you might say a lot of boys will what off that high board? 888: Jump off the high board. Interviewer: Okay but if they go head first then they will? 888: Dive off the high board. Interviewer: Okay. And nine or ten have what off the arms? 888: Dived off them? Interviewer: Okay uh if you-if you dive in and hit the water flat you'd call that a? 888: Hit the water flat? Interviewer: Uh-huh it hurts sometimes. 888: Stomach. Uh stomach. Stomach buster. Interviewer: Okay okay uh Oh when kids are out-out playing like out playing on the grass or something they uh they turn cart wheels or turn? 888: Tricycles. Interviewer: No it's just another little thing. Tumbling kind of thing that they can do. They can turn 888: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 cart-? # 888: somersaults. Interviewer: Okay um you might say he wanted to get across the river so he dived in and? 888: Swimmed across the river. {NS} Interviewer: What? 888: Swimmed across the river. Interviewer: Okay and you might say children like to what in the big creek? 888: Swim. Interviewer: Okay and I have what there myself? 888: Swim. Interviewer: What? 888: Swim. Interviewer: Okay uh when you buy something or pay your bill sometimes the storekeeper will uh give you a little present and say it's for? 888: Christmas. Interviewer: Okay uh {NS} okay somebody couldn't swim very well and he went down for the third time didn't ever see him again you'd say he? 888: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay and I might say I wasn't there. I didn't see him? 888: But I did. Interviewer: I didn't see him what? 888: Drown. Interviewer: Okay and many people had what in the same spot? 888: Many people what? Interviewer: Had mm in the same spot. 888: Drowned in the same spot. Interviewer: Okay uh what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 888: Crawl. Interviewer: Okay and uh I might say that would be a hard mountain to? 888: Climb. Interviewer: Okay my neighbor what it last year? 888: My neighbor climbed that last year. Interviewer: Okay but I never have what a mountain in my life? 888: I never climbed a mountain in my life. Interviewer: Okay um if you're playing hide-and-seek and you find yourself near a stump you have to do what to get down behind it? 888: Stoop. Interviewer: Okay uh okay a little child is saying his prayers and so he went over beside his bed and? 888: Went over beside his bed Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: and got on his knees. Interviewer: Okay what's a word for get on your knees? 888: Squat? Interviewer: Mm 888: A word to get down on your knees? Interviewer: Uh-huh. In this church they have-they have boards for it. 888: Uh-huh. What's another word Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 888: #2 for it? # Interviewer: The people come in and something and pray. 888: I just say Interviewer: Uh sometimes the preacher'll say all rise or all stand you know and everybody stands up and and in a church like this he'll say all? 888: All bow. Interviewer: Um this is when he wants them to get down on their knees and this is one word usually. All kn- 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 kn- # Kn- kn- okay. Uh you might say I'm feeling kind of tired. I think I'll go over to the couch and? 888: Lay down. Interviewer: Okay uh you might say he was really sick. He couldn't even sit up he just what in bed all day? 888: Sleep-slept in bed all day. Interviewer: Okay or maybe he didn't sleep he just what there? 888: Laid in bed all day. Interviewer: Okay uh talking about something that you saw in your sleep you'd say this is what I? 888: Dream. Interviewer: Okay and often when I go to sleep I? 888: Dream. Interviewer: Okay but I can't always remember what I have? 888: Dreamed. Interviewer: Okay. Um you might say I dreamed I was falling but just as I was about to hit the ground I? 888: Woke up. Interviewer: Okay um if I go {C: Interviewer stomps her foot three times} like this you might say don't what your foot? 888: Don't stomp your foot. Interviewer: Okay um if you see a friend leaving a party alone you might say can I? 888: Go with you? Interviewer: Okay. Or uh if you were in a car? 888: Oh. Interviewer: What would you say? Can I? 888: Catch a ride with you. Interviewer: Uh okay but if you had the car and he was walking you'd say can I? 888: Give you a lift. Interviewer: Okay um okay to get a boat up on the land you'd tie a rope to the boat and? 888: Pull. Interviewer: Okay and the opposite of pull is? 888: Opposite of pull push. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay uh say you had a three sacks of groceries. And you didn't have any car and so you had to {X} {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Okay Uh say you had three sacks of groceries okay and you had to take them home. And you didn't have your car so you picked them up and what? 888: Packed them. Interviewer: Okay um is there-they're a little heavy you'd say you what? 888: They was really really heavy. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 Heavy. # Interviewer: What'd you say? {X} 888: Packed them. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} you might tell a child that stove is real hot so 888: Watch out. Interviewer: Okay or don't? 888: Touch it. Interviewer: Okay um if I want a knife and I send somebody for it I might say go and what the knife? 888: Get me a kn- get me a knife. Interviewer: Okay um Let's see. {NS} Okay um You throw a ball to somebody and ask him to 888: Catch it. Interviewer: Okay and I threw the ball and he? 888: Caught it. Interviewer: Okay and I have been fishing for trout but I have not? 888: Caught anything Interviewer: Okay um I might say there's no need to hurry I'll wait what you? 888: Here. Interviewer: I'll wait something you. 888: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: Okay um if you're about to punish your child he might say to you oh please what me another? 888: Give me another chance. Interviewer: Okay um {NW} if somebody's always got a smile on his face and always has a pleasant word for everybody and he always seems to be in a good? 888: Uh mood. Interviewer: What? 888: Good mood. Interviewer: Okay um you might say there's that pesky salesman again. Wait 'til I 888: Get him. Interviewer: Huh? 888: Wait 'til I get him. Interviewer: Okay what if you were just going to tell him to go away? 888: Oh {D: Lizard piss} {NS} Interviewer: Wait 'til I what of him? 888: Get rid of him. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} Uh you might say about somebody {NW} he didn't know what was going on but he something like he knew it all. 888: He he seem like he know what was going on. Interviewer: Okay um say a kid left his best pencil on the desk and he came back and he couldn't find it he'd say I bet somebody 888: #1 Swiped # Interviewer: #2 what? # 888: my pencil. Interviewer: What if it was somebody-something more valuable? What would you say? 888: Somebody uh stole the pencil. Interviewer: Okay um you might say gosh I'd forgotten about that but now I {NW} 888: Now I- repeat it please? Interviewer: You might say I had forgotten about that but now I 888: Remember. Interviewer: Okay um you might say to me well you sure must have a better memory than I do because I sure? 888: Didn't remember. Interviewer: Okay um You say I have just what him a letter? 888: Wrote him a letter. Interviewer: Okay and yesterday he what me a letter? 888: Wrote me a letter. Interviewer: Okay and tomorrow I will 888: Write him a letter. Interviewer: Okay and talking about the letter you might say it's about time I was getting im- 888: A letter. Interviewer: Uh okay if I ask you a question you'll give me an? 888: Answer. Interviewer: Okay um okay you put the letter in the envelope and then you take your pen and do what to the back of the envelope? 888: Write on the back of that. Interviewer: Okay but what is it you write? 888: The name. Interviewer: And? 888: Address. Interviewer: Okay and so do you call that anything I mean the whole process of writing the address on there? I've got to something the letter. 888: Endorse the letter. Interviewer: Okay okay um say a child has learned something surprising and the parent says who was it who what you that? 888: Who was it what? Interviewer: Who was it who mm you that? 888: {C: mumbling} Interviewer: Who who was it who something you that? He came home he-he-he he had uh learned something new. 888: Oh. Who is something. Interviewer: Who was it who? 888: Who-who was it that learned you something new? Interviewer: No. 888: Who was that that learned you something new? Interviewer: Okay okay um if somebody asked if you'd put up that new fence yet you'd say no but I was something to pretty soon. 888: I-I would pretty soon. Interviewer: Okay but uh something that sort of like uh you-you need to uh 888: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Is there # another word that you use for that? 888: I will soon. Interviewer: Okay okay um what do children call somebody who's always running and telling something on the other kids? 888: Tattle-tell. Interviewer: Okay uh would you ever use the word tattle-tell when talking about adults? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh okay if you want to brighten up your room at the your house or something for a party and you have a lot of thing growing in your garden you'd go out and what? 888: Pull them up. Interviewer: What pull what up? 888: The plants. What'd you say- repeat that please? Interviewer: Okay you want to make the house bright.` Because you're having a party. 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Colorful and all that. And you have a bunch of colorful stuff growing out in your garden and so you go out and 888: Pull it up. Interviewer: Okay pull what up? 888: You said uh colorful stuff. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay so what colorful stuff am I probably talking about? I'm not talking about fruits or vegetables but I'm talking about 888: Flowers. Interviewer: Okay {NW} Um okay what do you call something that a child might play with? 888: Toy. Interviewer: Anything else? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um have you ever used the word play-pretty? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh if something happened that you expected to happen that you had predicted would happen or maybe that you were afraid was gonna happen? 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: like if for instance if one of the kids hurt himself doing something you told him not to do you'd say well I just what? 888: I just Interviewer: Something that was gonna happen. 888: {X} I just {X} just in time. Interviewer: Okay okay um I might say here's the book you what me for Christmas? 888: You bought me for Christmas. Interviewer: Okay and after you bought it then you? 888: Gave to her. Interviewer: Okay uh I will what it back when I've finished it. 888: I will give it back to you when I've finished it. Interviewer: Okay because you have what me so many other good books? 888: Gave me so many other good books. Interviewer: Okay would you use that in the whole sentence? 888: Because you keep- because you you have given me so many other books. Interviewer: Okay um I might say I sure am glad I carried my umbrella we hadn't gone half a block when it? 888: Rained. Interviewer: Or what to rain? 888: Pour I mean Rained down. Interviewer: When it something to rain. 888: When it something to rain? Interviewer: Mm-hmm we hadn't gone it was sunny when we started out but we hadn't gone half a block when it? 888: Started raining. Interviewer: Okay um You might uh let's see I might say why are you out of breath? And you might say well I just feeling so happy that I what all the way home? 888: Ran all the way home. Interviewer: Okay and horses gallop but people 888: People {X} Interviewer: Well you just ran all the way home. 888: But people Interviewer: Same word. 888: Ran. I mean whatcha say? Interviewer: Horses gallop but people {NS} Not ran but Ru- 888: Run. Interviewer: Okay okay is that-is that what-what you would say? 888: No. {D:I mean} would you repeat that again? Interviewer: Okay horses gallop but people don't gallop they 888: {X} Interviewer: Uh oh okay uh Okay uh you might say gosh I'm late I'm going to have to what in order to get there. 888: On time. Interviewer: On time yeah not not walk but? 888: Run. Interviewer: Okay um you might say they have what a mile everyday this week? 888: Walked a mile. Interviewer: Not walked but? 888: Ran a mile. Interviewer: #1 Okay now # 888: #2 everyday # Interviewer: they have would you say the whole sentence for me? 888: Oh. They ran a mile every week. Interviewer: Okay but there's a have in there. {X} Start and put the have in okay? They have 888: They have ran a mile every day. Interviewer: Okay okay uh one more. Uh if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he what from? 888: Where is he from? Interviewer: Where does he something from? 888: Where does he uh Interviewer: #1 Where does # 888: #2 Born in? # Interviewer: Where does he mm 888: #1 Where do where # Interviewer: #2 from? # 888: do he come from? Interviewer: Okay uh and somebody might say he what in on the train last night? Same word. He what in on the train last-? 888: He came- he came in on the train last night. Interviewer: Okay and he has something to our town every month this year. 888: {X} Interviewer: Has- no just using the same verb. 888: Oh. Interviewer: He has 888: He has uh {NS} came to our town every month. Interviewer: Okay {NS} {X} {X} {X} {X} Okay with your eyes you? 888: see. Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say I what her outside just a few minutes ago? 888: I seen her outside a few minutes ago. Interviewer: Okay and you might say we have what so little of you all this year? 888: We have seen a just a lot of little of you {X} Interviewer: Okay {X} Because I don't like it 888: Oh. Interviewer: To the mic. 888: Oh. Interviewer: Um Oh you might say about some road you might say you can't get in that way the highway department's got the machines in the road's all 888: Blocked off. Interviewer: Okay or what else though? 888: Blocked out. Interviewer: Uh so they've got the road they've taken up the pavement you know just taken it up so they can lay down some more. 888: They got the road closed. Interviewer: Okay uh uh but if they're taking it up the road is all what up? 888: the pavement's all up. Interviewer: Okay uh okay say you got attacked by a dog on your way home {D: and the doctor looks at the injury} He tried to bite you and and he ripped all your clothes up and so all your clothes were what up? 888: Ate up. Interviewer: Okay or another word 888: Bitten up. Bitten up. Interviewer: Okay or they're ripped. What's the other word for ripped? 888: Tore up. Interviewer: Okay alright. Um. {X} If you give somebody a bracelet and she sits there and looks at it you might say why don't you? 888: Put it on. Interviewer: Um. I might say can you mm that? 888: Can you move {X} Interviewer: This is gonna be a short word. 888: #1 Repeat it? # Interviewer: #2 I don't # I'm asking if you're capable of something I'll say can you mm that? 888: Can you do that? Interviewer: Okay. And you might say well my sister yesterday {X} 888: She did it. Interviewer: Okay and then you say sure I have what that all my life. 888: Did it all my- did it all my life. Interviewer: Okay would you use the whole sentence for me? 888: Okay Interviewer: I have 888: I have did it all my life. Interviewer: Okay. Uh I might ask you what you do and you might you might shrug your shoulders and shake your head and say ah? 888: Nothing. Interviewer: And I might say aw come on there must be? 888: Something. Interviewer: Okay eh sometimes you hear an old person say well I never heard of? 888: Such things. Interviewer: Okay um If I ask you how long something's been there you might say well I don't know as far as I know it's? 888: Been there forever. Interviewer: Okay or another word is it's something been there. 888: Something in there. I mean Interviewer: {D: Been there forever hasn't it} 888: It's a {X} It's all dirty. Interviewer: {X} 888: Say it again. Interviewer: Okay I might ask you how long has that been there and you might say well I don't know as far as I know it's? 888: It's been there forever. Interviewer: Okay or it's something been there. Uh not just Oh I know maybe uh Have you ever seen a dog walk kids to school? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Yeah okay well I might ask you if uh uh how often does that dog do that and you might say well he doesn't do it sometimes he? 888: Often do it. Interviewer: Okay but not just sometimes he does it 888: #1 Always do it. He always do it. # Interviewer: #2 everyday s- what? # Okay uh uh I might say how long have you been living here and you might say ever mm I? 888: Ever since. Interviewer: What? 888: Every since. Interviewer: Okay and you might say it wasn't an accident he did it? 888: On purpose. Interviewer: And uh somebody might ask me a question and I might say I don't know you'd better mm him. 888: Ask him. Ask the other person. Interviewer: Okay. So then you went and you? 888: Asked him. Interviewer: Okay and he'd say why you have mm me that? 888: {X} Asked me that. Interviewer: Okay uh you might say those little boys like to? 888: Fight. Interviewer: Okay and every time they met they? 888: Fight. Interviewer: Okay um they don't so much anymore but used to be every time they saw each other they'd? 888: Fight. Interviewer: Okay. Uh 888: {D: fought} Interviewer: {X} Another word for they would fight would be they? 888: Fought. Interviewer: Okay and uh they have what ever since they were small. 888: Fought. Interviewer: Okay and you might say he took a big {NS} took a big knife and she what him with it? 888: Stabbed him with it. Interviewer: Okay um {NS} funny picture's been drawn on the blackboard the teacher might come in and say all right who mm that? 888: Who drew that? Interviewer: Okay and if you were going to lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to what it up? 888: Pull it up. Interviewer: Okay another word for pull? 888: Another word for pull? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Um {NS} jack. Interviewer: Okay um okay would there-now I don't know San Antonio very well so you're going to have to explain to me would you describe for me the major sections of the city and like what the names of them are? 888: Okay. Interviewer: Like in Dallas you've got North Dallas okay that's a big section of the city. But I don't know you know here what it's like. 888: Okay. Well uh they got Alamo Heights and that's another part of the city. Alamo Heights is not it's-it's in San Antonio but it's not the city. Interviewer: Oh 888: It's nearby here but it's not San Antonio it's another you know another city. Interviewer: It's uh 888: Eh Interviewer: It's kinda in the metropolitan area but it's? 888: Yes. It's not you know the city. Interviewer: Who lives there? 888: Well Interviewer: #1 What sort of people? # 888: #2 {X} # White folks. White and colored. I say white and colored. Interviewer: Poor ones or rich ones or? 888: I say rich people because my teacher live over there too. And I got a couple of friends that live over there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: He's not rich but he's average you know. He's average. Interviewer: Okay 888: And they got they got Bexar county. That's that's us right here. Bexar county. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And then they got what's that little? {X} They got Manwood. You heard of Manwood? You know where Manwood at? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: They got Manwood. It's supposed to be San Antonio but some people don't call it San Antonio. It's a different section of you know places where things is going. It's not at like the city limits- it's not out of like the city- city limits of Texas. Interviewer: Who lives there? 888: Well mostly spanish to colored people Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh are they poor # 888: #2 and # Interviewer: or rich or what? 888: I'd say you know average average. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Then uh mostly that's you know like controlled by uh different police like Olmos Park police. They're not controlled by San Antonio police. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: They got different you know fire departments and stuff like that. Interviewer: Yes 888: #1 City hall. # Interviewer: #2 what about school? # Is that different too or? 888: Yeah you know they got Alamo Heights school. The one I was telling you about you know that's out of the city limits but it's close by here. And it's called Alamo Heights. Mostly all white people go there. And it's a pretty big school and it's they pretty you know strict on the rules over there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And that's about all I can tell you about it. Just a section but Interviewer: #1 Okay where do the # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: poorest people live? 888: The poorest people? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: {NW} That's a good question. The poorest people they stay all around in Kenwood where I am right now. Interviewer: Okay. 888: We're not poor but right now we- we still looking for a house see we're moving soon and they building- they're supposed to be building our house well this is not the poor area but I'll tell you where the poor area is. Interviewer: Where is that? 888: That's way back over on west side. {NS} Like the slum. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: This area right here most everybody working here lives in Kenwood right here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: This is not the poor area. But you know the way things they don't want to bring things up in here you know it could go up you know but they tight on the money now you know the people that help- help some people but but we don't we're moving- see they're building our house but they're taking their time building it see well had they bought our land and our house cuz we had bought the house that we're living in right now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: See they're building new houses for everybody you know. And right now we're still- they're building it but they haven't finished yet. Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm yeah okay uh what are the- what are the major um nationalities or I want to say ethnic groups that live in San Antonio? There's blacks and whites and who else? 888: Mexicans. Interviewer: Okay and who-anybody else? 888: Puerto Ricans. Interviewer: Yeah 888: #1 and # Interviewer: #2 do they live in # with the rest of the Mexican community or are they separate? 888: Well I think they live in SORTA like the I say Mexican community because they don't Puerto Ricans you know some of them act like blacks and some of them you know don't because you can't tell them sometimes apart because they almost look like they're black but they're really Puerto Rican. And the Mexicans they live with the they live with different societies like I think Mexicans live with {X} {NS} well I can't say the other names that also live with them. All I know is that a lot of them come from Mexico and taking these jobs in San Antonio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm okay um what do you call uh the-the place in town the central place where all the main offices of the big banks are? 888: The main offices? Interviewer: Yeah all the big banks. 888: All right I'll call I'll tell you the big banks. San Antonio Savings Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And Alamo Bank Interviewer: Yeah. 888: and that's the biggest offices I know of. Interviewer: Where are they? 888: San antonio- it's downtown on the corner of Travis or Travis right across the street from Travis Park. Interviewer: Okay okay where are the biggest uh the oldest and the biggest department stores? Where are they? 888: The oldest and the biggest? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Well I would tell you the biggest department stores is Joske's and out there at the mall You go out there towards the mall and you can go and find anything you want. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: This one place you just start to walking you don't have to you know go on the outside {X} you know just a plain mall. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is this one out north? 888: Yeah right out go straight out San Pedro. I came out there from the other day. Interviewer: Oh. Where are the oldest stores? You know the original department stores. Where are they? 888: The oldest stores? The department clothing stores? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well oldest that I can think of is Interviewer: The oldest big ones you know. 888: The oldest biggest store. I think the oldest I could say is Temple. Interviewer: Yeah where's that? 888: That's down town on Houston. They've been in business a long time. Interviewer: Yeah okay um are there names for places like like Kenwood and uh over in the west where Spanish speaking people live that an outsider might not recognize? 888: An outsider might not recognize where I live at right now? Interviewer: Yeah I mean like uh you could say Kenwood and I'd know what you're talking about. But is there is there a name for the area that I wouldn't know or somebody you know from out of town wouldn't know? 888: Yes it wouldn't be a name but somebody wouldn't know because the reason I say that because we got names for the whole whole you know the whole section over here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And other names like Lynwood and I told you about like Lynwood that's a section about like Kenwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: But whites you know whites and spanish Mexicans and a few whites stay over there in Lynwood and a couple blacks friends of mine and somebody coming from out of town and they don't know the name and they get it mixed up with Kenwood they {X} Laurelwood. There's another one called Laurelwood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Laurelwood is back that way. Interviewer: Where south? 888: Going back this way toward Hildebrandt yeah. No that's Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Going towards west. Interviewer: Yeah okay okay who lives there? 888: Who lives there? Interviewer: Yeah laurel- Laurelwood? 888: It's mostly white people live there. That's where rich white people live. Interviewer: White kinda- what kinda white? Middle or rich? 888: Upper class rich people. Interviewer: Mm-kay uh 888: {X} Interviewer: Yeah must be nice. Uh Okay do any of the place like Kenwood and uh the west side and all those have they're own like financial districts where their you know they have their own banks or are those you know mixed in with the white community? 888: Are they mixed in with the white community? Interviewer: Yeah I mean like the banks and the businesses that would be just- just black? 888: Are you trying say it's just black all black? Interviewer: #1 Yeah like # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: a bank owned by all blacks or something like that? 888: No there's no bank in San Antonio by all blacks. Interviewer: Yeah okay well is that all uh Mexicans? Would they own banks? 888: Yes I think so. Interviewer: Would they be in with the like where the bank- white banks are or would they be off 888: #1 Maybe # Interviewer: #2 someplace else? # 888: They wouldn't be all they wouldn't be all they wouldn't own nothing but they'd be all together {X} in on with the white people. by working there. #1 Black people work # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 888: together with white people because they don't own the bank but they work for it. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I see- I know a lot of people who work for it but black people work for the bank but they don't own it. Interviewer: Yeah. So all the banks are you know in one place? 888: Well they not in one place down in San Antonio they're all over town. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: They got the San Antonio Savings down there. That's where I keep my money at. And they got Northeast Savings and then they got Merchant Bank down there at the mall out there. {X} Then they got the new bank they built Alamo Bank. Then they got another san antonio savings over there on commerce. Interviewer: They do okay. 888: There's a lot of banks. They got {X} {NS} Interviewer: Something else I want to ask you um in san antonio do rich blacks and poor blacks live in the same neighborhood or do rich blacks live where white I mean huh where rich whites would live? And poor blacks live where poor whites would live. Or do all the blacks live together and all the whites live together? 888: That's- that's a tough question. Interviewer: {NW} 888: Well uh all I can say that the white people right now we used to live around a lot of white people up in remember when I told you that we lived in Linwood. And then we moved and we stay up there with white people. And mostly white people's off to theyself. And {NS} the black and the spanish sometimes together but it's all mixed up I mean you know in this area but mostly whites towards going towards San Pedro they off to theyself. And the blacks some of the blacks is off to theyself. So the spanish people is off to theyself. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: So are Puerto Ricans and or any groups. Interviewer: Okay 888: But they all mixed in different neighborhoods because they most people come from Mexico here. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Taking over these you know jobs taking ours. Interviewer: Uh the ones who live together are they mostly poor or are they middle or are they rich? 888: Most most of them that live together? Interviewer: Yeah that- that I mean are mixed in with like the whites. 888: Oh they rich. They got money. All blacks I'm not trying to say all blacks is poor Interviewer: #1 No. # 888: #2 Some # blacks is rich. Interviewer: Yeah yeah but I mean like is there if you get a neighborhood where where they're all mixed up would you say they're the same economic bracket or do you think that varies? 888: They're they same bracket. Interviewer: Yeah okay. 888: Not some people but. Interviewer: Mm 888: Yeah same bracket. Go ahead. Interviewer: Okay so would that mainly be you know for the ones that are mixed in together would that mainly be uh more wealthy or or not very wealthy or middle? 888: Not very wealthy because if they was wealthy they wouldn't just move into any kind of neighborhood. Interviewer: they what I can't hear you. 888: They wouldn't move in right in the inner ci- you know any kind of neighborhood without they had good money they would move somewhere that they wanted to be ag- with their own people. Interviewer: Oh if they have enough money they're going to be segregated. Is that what you're saying? 888: Well see mostly people that move in with different groups of the races I mean they they don't have to move but they have to move you know Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Because of the money. You know if they didn't have they had enough money to get a place a real nice place they move off where they own people live. It wouldn't be no problem. Interviewer: Okay yeah that's what I was trying to find out but I get it. Okay it's interesting how these things work out in different cities because you know they're different in different cities. Um okay where do the probably the richest people in town live? 888: The richest people? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I'm going to tell you where the richest people live in San Antonio It's in Terrell Hills. Interviewer: What what? 888: Terrell Hills Interviewer: yeah? 888: And Pecan Valley. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: {NW} {X} Interviewer: Which which direction is that from here? 888: Terrell Hills? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: It's going st- straight out. Interviewer: North? 888: Yeah going straight out it's it's going way you you going to take, say you take the San Pedro all the way out Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And then you should run into Terrell Hills if you keep straight. Interviewer: Before you hit route four ten or after? 888: After. It's way it's kinda out. Interviewer: #1 North of the {X} # 888: #2 In the Pecan Valley # You know where the Pecan Valley is don't you? Interviewer: Huh-uh. 888: It's back out that way. Interviewer: South? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Where- where is it I mean? Is it between here and downtown or? 888: Well it's past downtown. And it's going t- no I said I said Terrell Hills is going toward the east. Interviewer: Okay. 888: It's a big community. Now we right now we could move way out but we don't want to move way out because it's all the jobs is located in this area right here see you move somewhere out and you got to come way back over her you know taking a bus or driving you know you'd be saving a lot of money if you could just stay in the section that you can work and get a good job. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Because most of it- this is right now this is where the jobs at on the north side of town. Interviewer: Is that right? 888: Like I work at Trinity University. It's a Trinity University. It's right over there. I can walk over there to work if I want to. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Cuz it's close by my house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: Now if I was living over on the other side of town I would have to take the bus or ride my cycle. Which I be burning a lot of gas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: So that's why right now we trying to- we having a house built but you know this development agency they take their time about doing it. Because they doing a lot of people like that. See they building Kenwood up. I wouldn't say it's poor but they building it up. You ha- you haven't seen the new some of the new houses they build out here have you? Interviewer: I don't think so. 888: No you- right here this part is the Spanish Mexican group round this part right here. Black part is over that way. Over there on Main. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 888: #2 Over there towards Main. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: This is the Spanish the Spanish Kenwood part. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay let's see um Okay what are some-some of the um what are some of the landmarks around here or well-known places that tourists come to see? 888: Landmarks? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well uh the Alamo. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Is that what you #1 talking about? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah but kind of the # 888: Okay the Alamo the HemisFair HemisFair Tower uh {X} Interviewer: {X} What was that you named after the alamo? 888: Oh the Alamo. You know where the alamo is down on alamo Interviewer: Yeah. 888: street? They come to see that because that's one of the things that some people have never seen before. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And then they go over to the HemisFair tower to see the HemisFair tower because they've never been way up high. Because they don't see too many tall buildings like that Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Yeah Other thing is they come to see how San Antonio is really built. Interviewer: Yeah. What about parks? What all kind of 888: #1 Yeah they come to brackenridge park because # Interviewer: #2 parks are there? # 888: Brackenridge Park is about I wouldn't say the largest park in San Antonio but I just that's the only park that I know that people will go to more often because of its everything is mostly happening at Brackenridge Park. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh. 888: Yeah and now they come to it to the zoo. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Course the only people in Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: You know Interviewer: #1 Do you know any other names # 888: #2 out of state. # Interviewer: for Brackenridge Park? Do you call it anything else? 888: Anything else besides Brackenridge Park? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: No just Brackenridge Park. Interviewer: Okay okay. 888: And the Brackenridge Zoo. Interviewer: What else is there? Any other parks? 888: Yeah they got Comanche Park they got Interviewer: What park? 888: Comanche Park Interviewer: Where's that? 888: Comanche park is way out there. Towards actually you got have {X} way out there towards W- W- White Road. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And they got Olmos Park which people can't go to Olmos Park right now because they running the express way through here going to Olmos Street. You know where Olmos Street at don't you? Interviewer: uh-uh. 888: It's over there by my you know where that church at over there on {X} Interviewer: Huh-uh. Which church now? 888: {X} church. You see Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah yeah yeah yeah # 888: #2 {X} # Right that street run right there they going straight up one across the ri- like they're going to cross the river. They building an express way all the way through. Interviewer: Oh 888: Going across the stadium. Interviewer: Yeah 888: #1 Here the other people come # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 888: And you know they they really can't help right now the parks they they tore the old park up on the Cuz they running the express way through there. And they got another park called Lakeview yeah Lakeview Park Lakeview. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh. 888: And that's all I can tell you. Interviewer: Do any of these parks have other names? Other than you know just the name of the park? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um if you were uh flying home from new york where would your plane land? 888: Flying home from New York? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 888: On the airport. Interviewer: Okay okay what's the name of the airport? Do you know? 888: Might be Kennedy Airport. I'm not sure. Interviewer: Okay okay that'd be in new york. What's the airport here? 888: Oh the airport here? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I couldn't- I know I- I know where the airport is but I don't know the name of it but I never ride the plane cuz I don't want to get on one. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 888: It's right over there but I don't know the name of it. Interviewer: Okay okay what would you call it if you were just talking to somebody about it? 888: I call it the northside airport. Interviewer: Okay okay um if you were uh if you were driving in from like yeah okay say houston what highway or what road would you come in on? 888: Coming from Houston? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well I would probably take the Seguini road and think it's {D:I H ten} something like that. Interviewer: What? 888: Not I-H ten no. Highway ninety. Interviewer: What's the difference when you said I's on one of them and highway on the other one? What's the difference there? 888: What's the difference from I-H ten or something like that? Interviewer: Yeah. What's the difference between I-H and highway? 888: Highway? Well I guess it's a different interstate {X} that's a different intersection between the highway. Interviewer: What? 888: Different be- section between the highways. Interviewer: Oh I see okay. 888: {X} We was coming in last night I think it was highway nine we came in and then we hit some kind of little then we hit randolph road. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And then we came over here. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. 888: Next thing I know. Interviewer: Okay um if you stop um along the interstate i h 10 or whatever he stops. Uh what would you call a place where you stop? And it just had like uh old picnic tables and garbage cans and stuff like that and that's all it had. What would you call that place? 888: Rest area. Interviewer: Okay. What if they had um you know a rest room and oh water fountains and more stuff. What would you call it then? Same thing or no? 888: {X} Rest area is is what would I call it? I'd just say rest area. Interviewer: Okay what if it was uh what if it had restaurants? You know a place to eat and filling stations? Then what would you call it? 888: I'd call it Interviewer: Same thing or? 888: Snack bar. Interviewer: Okay okay um Oh what do you call that thing that's painted on the road to help you stay in your own lane? 888: What do you call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: The line ones or the stripes? Interviewer: Just-just-just the painted things. 888: Strips. Splits the side roads strips. Interviewer: Okay okay what do you call the round things? 888: I call them dots. Interviewer: What? 888: Dots. I call them dots. Interviewer: How do you spell it? 888: D-O-T-R dots I guess. Dot Interviewer: Okay. 888: D-O something like that. I don't know how you Interviewer: Are these things arranged in a line? 888: Yeah in in a line. I don't know what y'all call them but that's what I call them. Interviewer: I don't guess I ever called them anything. 888: I don't really call them that neither but I just give them a name. That's what everybody else you know they don't really use it. They don't ask- never asks me what you call them Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: They look like dots to me because they round and in the street they look like dots. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Some call them dots some call them dots Interviewer: Uh-huh okay I get it I guess I never talked about them much at all. Um let's see what would you call the thing that goes down the middle of the road that's like usually you got it on a bigger highway you know it's got a concrete thing that goes up and then sometimes there's a steel fence on top of that you know well a little fence about like that- steel railing. What would you call something like that? 888: What would I call it? I would call it nothing. I don't know a name for it. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Unless it's no I don't have a name for that. Interviewer: Okay okay um Okay if you were on highway ten or something like that what do you call that place where you get on? You know it comes in an angle? 888: The intersection. Interviewer: Well no I think of an intersection to me is something that is square you know. But these- you know call it an intersection anyway these things come in like this and these things come in an angle and you don't have to stop necessarily to get on. Now you- you might I mean you know I want to make sure we're talking about the same thing. 888: Are you trying to say that when another road meets with each other you don't have to stop? Interviewer: Well you know how highway ten will be going on like this and on each side of it there's another little road? 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Like it's just one way each way. 888: One way. Interviewer: Yeah and and then uh you get up on highway ten just by going up there's a yield sign but there's no stop sign or anything like that and you can just kind if there's nobody coming you don't have to stop or anything you can just go on up. 888: I would just say I'd just say drive on and that. Interviewer: Okay alright do you- do you have a name for the place you get off of an interstate? 888: The name of the place. Interviewer: Yeah you know these places it's kinda like the place where you get on except that I think the oncoming traffic has to yield to you. 888: Oh yeah. The oncoming traffic yields to you like you're getting off. And when you're getting off {X} the high- express way whatever {X} I mean you know You've got to give them the right of way let them know that you're getting off. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay let's see um {NS} Okay what all um what all different names do you have for things that are streets? I mean why do you call one kinda thing a highway and you might call this a street 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What other names like that do you have? Do you know? 888: Uh avenue Interviewer: #1 What? # 888: #2 street # I get what you mean and I call it some of them's alleys. Interviewer: What's an alley? 888: An alley is a place where you can it's not a large road it's still small and it's mostly a place where you gotta be careful in because you don't know what's going to come out. You don't because there's no stop signs that don't mean you don't stop you have to stop and you gotta be careful about people walking in the alley because some people try to take a short cut through the alley. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 Does an alley # 888: #2 (X) # Interviewer: go like behind houses or behind buildings or between? 888: Behi- behind them between them everything. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay okay what else is there? 888: Roads. Interviewer: Okay yeah. 888: Well the roads well they got dirt roads. {NS} and then they got that's the only kind of roads that I can tell you. Interviewer: Okay okay um {NS} okay and just a street like this what would you call it a street or would you call it a road or? 888: I just call it a street. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 888: #2 Or a road # Interviewer: Okay um {X} over here on like over here on san pedro there's uh a place where the road goes down I think goes under some railroad tracks 888: Oh you talking Interviewer: #1 What would you call that place? # 888: #2 {X} # That's a underpass. Interviewer: Okay. Okay uh {NS} Um let's see what else do we have? If a car was parked right here but parked this way with the curve? 888: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do you call that kind of parking? 888: Parallel park. Interviewer: Okay what if the car was parked well like I am over there like kinda you know on the other side of the building where I kinda hid at the end of the parking place? What do you call that kind of parking? {NS} 888: Just regular park. Interviewer: Okay okay um What do you call those things where the fire department hooks up the hose when it has to put out a fire? 888: What do you call them? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I call them fire faucets. Interviewer: What? 888: Fire faucets. Interviewer: Okay okay uh if you were going to go down town and park where would you park if you couldn't find a parking place on the street? 888: If I would go down and I couldn't find one? Interviewer: Yeah if you couldn't find just along the street you know at a meter where would you park? 888: Probably a parking lot. Interviewer: Okay um can you describe a parking lot for me? 888: A parking lot is a place where you can put cars in and different other things like you- other size cars you can put trucks and other type of vehicles as long as you know you pay for your park. Interviewer: Okay is it just open? 888: It's open. It's all you just drive right in. Interviewer: Okay okay um downtown San Antonio do they have um whole buildings or private buildings where you where you drive in and maybe park it yourself and maybe somebody takes the car and goes and 888: #1 Yes they do. # Interviewer: #2 parks it for you? # 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 What do you call them? # 888: Well they- I call it park and drive I guess. Interviewer: A what? 888: Driver. Some people you call it a park and drive. So then you then you park the car and then drive it. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 And then they # you know they'll tell you they'll take it from there. You go and they park and drive it. Interviewer: Mm-kay okay say I saw a sign the other day I want to see if you know about this It said park and ride. What is that? What does it mean? 888: Park and ride? Interviewer: #1 Yeah it was just a little sign # 888: #2 Oh # Interviewer: it said park and ride. 888: Well it means that you park your car and you can take the bus and for what you can take. Just park your car and ride the bus. Interviewer: Oh yeah like downtown or 888: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 something? # And the bus will bring you back out to the same parking 888: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 lot. # 888: It's cuz you going somewhere and you don't have a parking space so you can ride the bus and save gas and different thing. Interviewer: That sounds like it'd be a good deal. 888: {X} That's why they got all the buses at the p- park and drive. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Park and ride. Did you say park and ride? Interviewer: Yeah I think that's what I said. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that what it's supposed to say? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Or do they- is it park and drive? 888: Uh park and drive I'm talking about's- park and ride I'm ta- yeah park and ride was right. Interviewer: Okay okay uh let's see what are the- other than the uh hemisfair tower what are the other tallest buildings in town? 888: Tallest buildings? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Besides the Hemisfair Tower? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: This place called not the Alamo I forgot the that's the Alamo down there that's going in to town on East Houston Street. and I think that's the second tallest building downtown in San Antonio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And they got Bexar county jail It's pretty tall. Interviewer: Jail? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: The jail's tall? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Huh 888: You've never seen have you seen Bexar county jail? Interviewer: Well I may have and just didn't know what it was you know. 888: It's a pretty tall building they got a lot of people down there. Interviewer: Gosh 888: It's pretty tall. That's and I say that Bexar county I take that back yeah I say the sa- that little that building down on cotton down there called Alamo is the biggest and the third one coming is the jail house- Bexar county jailhouse San Antonio. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: That's about the tallest buildings I can think of in San Antonio right now downtown. Interviewer: Do you have one name that would cover all those tall tall buildings? 888: The Empires. Interviewer: What? 888: The Empires. One name. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 Empires. # Interviewer: Okay anything else that you might call them? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh where do you think they got that name? The Empires? Is that what you called them? 888: Well I- I gave them that name. Interviewer: Uh-huh why is that? 888: Reason I say that name is because they look like empire building which is t- what I mean is towers because I would say I would say that they look like towers but they ain't built like towers they built like towers. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 But # they not you know look like a tower's real small you know and they look like a jail. {X} I just say empire buildings. cuz they big. You understand? {NS} Interviewer: No {X} 888: Oh. Interviewer: {NW} 888: {NW} Well I what I mean is about the empire buildings like big building that pretty big like if you can go on top of the empire building {C: child yelling} and you can see how far it is from down up on top of the building and you can see up. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you call a real tall apartment building? What would you call that? 888: A building. Interviewer: #1 What? # 888: #2 The Hilton. # Interviewer: Okay if you didn't call it a specific name like that you know just a {X} in general for a real tall apartment building what would you call it? 888: I call it {C: I can only assume this is the mother of the yelling child} uh tower apartments I guess. Interviewer: Okay. {X} what do you call an area in the city where some buildings had been torn down? And {C: And now there are more children} and they hadn't replaced them yet? {NS} 888: The building's been torn down? Interviewer: Yeah. And they hadn't put anything back on there. {NS} 888: I call it a parking lot cuz when they knock a building down that's being built on they call it a parking lot. Interviewer: {X} What about a smaller area like right around here {X} what would you call an area like that? Like around here uh But it just wasn't a house on it? Kids like may play baseball out there or something 888: Vacant lot Interviewer: What? 888: The vacant lot. Interviewer: Okay okay uh what would you call the thing where you get a drink of water in public place? 888: A water fountain. Interviewer: Okay uh what would you call if it was in a park? The same thing? 888: Water fountain. Interviewer: Okay um what are some different kinds of cars and trucks? Other than brand names you know like Chevrolet and ford and like that but like just what are some different kinds? 888: Different kinds? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Brand names? Interviewer: Not brand names. 888: Not brand names what's the different kinds? Well they got the kind of trucks that you got They got the camp on them. They got El Caminos and they call them trucks. You know El Camino? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: They look like cars but they're trucks. Interviewer: What kind of car- what kind of truck carries a camper? 888: What kinds of truck carries a camper? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: It's any size I mean about a ten about a ten ton truck. Interviewer: {X} 888: Ten ton uh Interviewer: What? 888: about a ten ton truck. Interviewer: Okay what kind of truck is that I mean what would you call it? 888: What would I call it I just say a regular truck. Interviewer: Okay okay um all right what are some other kinds? 888: Uh Small trucks El Caminos They carry campers. Interviewer: What? 888: El Caminos. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: They carry campers too. Interviewer: Okay what about cars? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh let me think. What do you call that kind of truck that like delivers flowers you know? That has a closed bed? 888: Delivers flowers? Interviewer: Yeah like it some sort of delivery truck you know that has has a has sort of a closed bed where they can put flowers or whatever back in there. You know some sort of delivery truck. {X} 888: I call it I call it uh storeroom. Interviewer: Mm okay um let's see what do you call the kind of car that has got two regular bench type seats you know like my car does but then back behind it it's got a lot of room where you can put suitcases or maybe a whole scout troop full of kids or? 888: What kind of car would I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Station wagon. Interviewer: Okay um say what do you call a kind of small truck that most farmers might have? With an open bed and you know they drive them in from farms you know with feed sacks on the back? 888: Uh T-model trucks. T-model {X} Interviewer: What do you call little bitty fast cars? 888: Little bitty fast car? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I'd say Sting Ray. Interviewer: Okay do you have another more general sort of name for something like that? 888: Fast car. Hot rod. Interviewer: Okay okay um is a hot rod a new car old car or? {NS} 888: Well you it's old and new. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Because you can make an old car out of make an old car run as good as a new car. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And you if you get a new car and if it's a hot rod it's a hot rod. Interviewer: What do you use a hot rod for? 888: Racing. Interviewer: On the streets? 888: Not on the not on the s- well they do it on the streets but you know you get caught if you you know they usually they go to the Alamo dragway. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 I don't know # Interviewer: Where's that? 888: That's going towards road T Interviewer: Okay okay um mm Okay uh what's the difference between a sedan and a coop? You know? 888: Sedan and a coop? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Uh well I'd say a sedan is bigger than a what you say? A coop? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I think a sedan is bigger than a coop because it's got more room. Interviewer: Okay. 888: And a coop. It don't have too much room. Interviewer: Okay um {NW} does a coop just have on seat or does it have a front and a back seat or can it have either or? 888: Um It can ha- they got a front and a back no it just got a front and a back seat. Interviewer: Okay okay um what would you call big car like a Cadillac or something? What would you call that sort of a show off king of car? 888: I'd say luxury car. Interviewer: Okay um.. If you went to the airport from a motel say you didn't car you didn't take your own car you know. 888: Mm-hmm Interviewer: uh and you didn't take a cab sometimes those motels have a big car that will take you to the airport. Do you know what they're called? 888: Taxi. Interviewer: Okay okay uh okay and the park and ride thing you take a what is it you take down town? 888: You take your car and then you oh park and ride? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Oh park Interviewer: You take your car and park it and then what? 888: Dr- uh ride park and ride I guess. You take the bus you park uh see if you're going down town Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: You wanna leave your car and you want to go somewhere else you take the bus so you park in th- you park and ride. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay On the the car um what do you call that thing up front where the odometer is and all that other stuff 888: {NS} What do I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: What you mean? Interviewer: Uh you know it's got the oh okay it's got the odometer and it's got oh I don't know sometimes there's a clock up there. There's a whole kind of panel that runs across right under the windshield and it's got a bunch of dials and stuff on it 888: What do I call that? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I just say the operating buttons. Interviewer: Okay okay um on this panel over to the right usually there's a little place where you can keep I don't know matches or a flashlight or something like that. 888: {X} Interviewer: What? 888: Glove department. Interviewer: Okay uh what might you wrap around several maps to keep them together or something. A stretchy thing. 888: Something might I wrap around them? Interviewer: Yeah. I just lost mine. I keep one on my {X} and I lost it. 888: A rubber band. Interviewer: Okay {NS} Um okay you just had uh a few sheets of information to keep together um you might put a little metal thing kinda at the top here. What would you call that? 888: A cliff. Interviewer: Okay. Any particular kind of clip? 888: Paper clip. Interviewer: Okay a what? 888: Paper clip. Interviewer: Okay uh let's see. Where do you keep the spare tire at in a car? 888: In the back trunk. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call it the thing that you push down to make it go faster? 888: What do I call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I just say What you mean? Interviewer: Uh like you're driving along and #1 you have to speed up to get around somebody # 888: #2 Oh # Shift. Interviewer: Uh and you press down harder with your foot on the 888: The gas. Interviewer: Okay 888: Gas pedal. Interviewer: On the what? 888: Gas pedal. Interviewer: Okay um okay what is the shift anyway? 888: Well we- you was talking about I was gonna talk about standing shift. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: It's a shift that you have when you gotta step on the standard pedal I mean the clutch and then when you step on the clutch you pu- you know shift to gear {D:when it's in the floor} Shift the gear to the floor because that's {X} to make the car go and give it gas. Interviewer: Yeah okay okay um Is the is the gear shift ever any place besides on the floor? 888: Is it anywhere else? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: No. Yes yes. They got 'em in the steering wheel. I forgot which car that thing on. Mm It was first taken off drive stick and then the standard. Interviewer: Okay are there different kinds of sticks I mean different names for different kinds of them? 888: Automatic and Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Standard. Interviewer: Okay. Um a lot of times you'll be driving along {X} a long thing that goes all the way across the road like you know and it's about this high and it's put in the road it's a piece of asphalt you know. It's kinda a bar shaped thing to make you slow down. 888: Oh speed bump. Interviewer: Okay um okay what all kinds of cars and trucks and stuff do the uh does the fire department have? 888: They got fire trucks. They got um fire trucks. What kind of stuff they got or what? Interviewer: Yeah what different kinds of trucks and all? 888: All I know is the fire truck and the medic truck Interviewer: And the what? 888: The medic truck. The medic Interviewer: What does it do? 888: It helps people when they in trouble like they need help before the firemen get there. Interviewer: Oh yeah the medic truck. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay uh is it- how is it different from an ambulance? 888: How is it different from an ambulance? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well I wouldn't say it's not different because only thing they got extra they got experience they know what to do too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: The ambulance they just get there fast and they have the experience how to do an treat people. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh but the medic truck is sort of the same thing. 888: Yes. Basically the same type of thing. Interviewer: Okay is it smaller or bigger? Than the ambulance? 888: I say bigger. Interviewer: Okay okay uh what do you call a kinda truck that pumps the water for the for the other trucks? Do you have a name for it? 888: Pump the water? Interviewer: Uh-huh pumps it you know. 888: Oh Water trucks I guess. That's all #1 I know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay um # there's one kind of truck that has a big long ladder on it do you have a name for that kind of truck? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh there's another kind of truck that has uh a big long hose and it has a big arm kinda thing. I mean it's huge. And a bucket in the end of the arm where people stand and the fire I mean the electric department also uses them you know like to repair wires and the phone company uses them to repair telephone poles. Do you have a name for that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay um If the fire chief came to the fire all by himself uh what would he drive over in? 888: Would he drive over in? Interviewer: Uh-huh. He came by himself. 888: Oh he would drive in the fire department car. Interviewer: Okay okay um what do you call a police car? 888: What do I call it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Police car. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 888: No I haven't heard nothing else so Interviewer: Okay uh what do you call the thing like if you do something like say there's a riot and they pick up ten people and they can get oh six to ten of them in the back of this thing? 888: Oh paddy wagon. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Yeah.. Interviewer: Take them to jail in it. 888: Right on taking him to jail. Interviewer: Okay um what do you call the uh kinda thing that flies around and um instead of having you know a fixed wing like this you know it's got a little deal that's goes around? 888: Oh you're talking about a helicopter. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} Do the police have one here? 888: Yeah they got po- yeah they got helicopters here. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: They gonna have to have everything in San Antonio they can get out. Take them back over to Mexico they get they get up here. Interviewer: Is that right? Okay uh y'all ever had any really um well actually before I ask you that I want to ask you something else What do you call the the main police place? The place where police officers are? 888: The main place where they at? Interviewer: Yeah 888: We- do I have to- you mean do you mean in a place where they go and all when their on duty? Interviewer: When they're on duty? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh. 888: I call it the pig stand. They always hang out at the pig stand. They're always there. I don't know why but Interviewer: Okay. Now- now is the pig stand um is the pig stand a place to eat? 888: Yeah that's where all the pigs feed at. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 888: #2 {X} # That's the name of it. It's right down there on the corner of {X} They always have police cars all around that place. Interviewer: And it's really called the pig stand? 888: #1 Yes like pig P-I-G # Interviewer: #2 Like the sign is # 888: And then S-T-A-N-D Interviewer: {X} But it really has a sign out? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: That says 888: Pig stand Interviewer: Okay now when they report to work in the morning you know and when they sign in or whatever they do 888: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Where do they go? 888: They go back down to the police department and punch in. Interviewer: Okay okay um What do you call the place that houses fire trucks and where firemen sit around and wait for the fire? 888: The fire department. They just sit around and wait for a fire. Interviewer: Okay. Uh Okay what other words are there for policemen? 888: What other words for them? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Pigs Fingers Interviewer: What was the second one? 888: Fingers. Interviewer: Fingers? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: I don't understand {X} What is that? 888: What you mean? Interviewer: What is fingers? What does that mean? 888: Oh that's some name they just call them. That's all I know. Interviewer: That's neat. I never heard that. 888: And uh Squilos Interviewer: What? 888: Fuzz Squilos the fuzz. The heat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: And that's all I can think of that you can call them. You can call them a lot of names but I don't want to say it on tape right now. Interviewer: {NW} What about the fire department? Do you have any other names for the fire department? 888: I just say fire fighters. Fire put them out I guess. Interviewer: Okay 888: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Let's see {NS} Interviewer: okay uh Auxiliary: {X} {NS} {X} Interviewer: How have the bad storms do y'all have done here? {X} 888: Let me see bad storms we have uh Auxiliary: {X} 888: tornado storms and thunderstorms and other types of storms such as Auxiliary: {X} 888: winter storms. Auxiliary: {X} 888: Fall weather storms, things like that. Interviewer: What's a tornado? 888: What's a torna- tornado storm? Interviewer: Yes. 888: Now tornado storm is something that knocks things {D: a loose} wind is real strong well We never had none around here lately because it didn't come in closer we never had a really bad storm here. Interviewer: Uh-huh, uh-huh. 888: And you take other places they get their house tore up and things. Interviewer: okay have you ever seen one? 888: Have I ever seen one? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Ah yes I seen one before. Interviewer: {NW} It's exciting isn't it? 888: {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 not # Interviewer: yeah. 888: It's scary {X} but you know when I was in Snellville wind was blowing I thought we was going, you know our house was going to blow away. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Cause we was living let's see over there on Miller over here and wind was getting strong. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Was blowing a little hit the windows look like they was going to blow the windows out or something like that but it feels it's really sometimes frightening when you're real small. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 Because # you think something's going to happen and you're going to have to grab hold to a tree. #1 everybody's leaving # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Um what do you call those things that that come in at the gulf you know and they come in and across Galveston and Houston and Galveston periodically gets torn up by one and it causes a lot of rain and stuff up here but um 888: Twister. What you mean? Interviewer: Uh it's a big storm you know it's huge like it has a name you know just Carla or something like that. 888: Oh a name. Interviewer: Yeah it's usually a girl's name and and uh I think Carla was the one that was I can't remember if it was {X} or where but #1 it tore up so bad a few years ago # 888: #2 Yeah I know # I heard about that I don't know where it was at but I heard about one like that called, I think called they did give a name for it that's for sure. Interviewer: Yeah yeah. #1 Okay. # 888: #2 I don't know what that # called what Interviewer: um what do you call the kind of storm where um {NS} I mean do you have a name for this kind of storm, you know it rains and then as soon as it hits the ground the stuff freezes? 888: Uh icicle? Interviewer: What? 888: Icicles. Interviewer: Okay do you have a name for that kind of storm? 888: Oh I just say hail. Well a hail and icicles I, I wouldn't say they're the same thing but something hit the ground and it freezes well I'd call them hail. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Well what if it what if it's um what if it's rain you know on the way down it doesn't freeze until after it hits the ground. 888: And do I got a word name for it? Interviewer: yeah. 888: When it freezes on the ground? Interviewer: {NW} 888: I call it just be- below, below weather I guess. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 Cold. # 888: #1 Just freezing. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # um Oh yeah something I forgot, if a person gets arrested for being drunk, where would they take him? 888: Where would they take him to the police department. Interviewer: Okay. Well if uh somebody gets arrested for robbing a ban would they put, put you in the same place or would it be a different place? 888: Same place. Interviewer: Okay. uh okay what does the policeman carry for protection? 888: Thirty eight special. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: That's pretty specific. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: uh what other what other kinds of uh handguns are there do you do you know? 888: Twenty two caliber, midnight special Interviewer: Yeah what's a midnight special? 888: Midnight special is the gun that pretty big gun the reason I know about it is because this dude used to have one he used to take it everywhere he go. Interviewer: Oh really? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Did he have ammunition for it? 888: Yeah he did have ammunition and Auxiliary: {X} 888: but he didn't use it on nobody he just had it for protection Interviewer: Yeah. 888: We're using where when we went out of time Friday this {NW} this friend of mine he took his 22 Interviewer: Yeah. 888: because you know we don't know what we're going to run up against. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: We ain't going up there looking for no trouble. Interviewer: {NW} 888: But he takes his twenty-two. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: What is that? Is it a revolver or what? 888: Revolver. Interviewer: Yeah. okay if it's not a revolver what is it? What do you call it? 888: It's not a revolver it's not a gun. Interviewer: Mm-kay, mm-kay. uh let me see um what do you call that stick or club or whatever the the policeman carries? 888: Billy club. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. But anything else anything other #1 other kind of # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: thing like this that he might carry? 888: a jack. Interviewer: What 888: #1 a jack # Interviewer: #2 What's the # 888: huh Interviewer: What's the difference? 888: What's the difference? Interviewer: {NW} 888: It's the same name but they just got different names for it. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 888: Same thing. Interviewer: Okay. uh Okay. um What would you call somebody who was oh drunk all the time and and couldn't hold a job and you know just sort of doing a good for nothing. 888: #1 couldn't # Interviewer: #2 um # 888: hold a job? Interviewer: couldn't hold a job yeah cause he because he's drunk all the time what would 888: #1 D-W # Interviewer: #2 you call # 888: I'd call him a D-W-I. #1 Intoxicated. # Interviewer: #2 what's that stand for # 888: Well I don't I don't know if he you say if he was drinking all the time I wouldn't put I'd just say intoxicated. Interviewer: Okay, okay. would you have a name for that kind of person? 888: Would I have a name a name for it? Interviewer: Yeah like sit around all the time and drinks and doesn't do anything else 888: I'd say whiner or a bum. Interviewer: Okay, okay. What about a kind of person who drinks too much really 888: oh, you talk, you I'm not trying to say the people that sits around and drinks cause I drink myself. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And I'm you know you can take a few drinks sometimes but don't overdo it just hold your limit. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Where you don't get all drunk. Interviewer: Okay now I'm talking about the kind of guy who really's just drunk #1 most of the time # 888: #2 oh # Well I'd just say that he's just a {D: whiner}. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. um Okay now there's this another kind of person who who also drinks too much #1 here he doesn't always limit # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: but he manages to hold a job and you know to stay with his family and stuff like that. {NW} You have another name for that kind of person? 888: That that holds his job? Interviewer: Yeah. But still he's sort of on the edge. You know I mean he #1 he's sort of # 888: #2 well # Interviewer: drunk most of the time anyway. 888: I just say he's getting into it he's getting into it little by little. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Okay. Um Okay, what do you call a kind of cheap hotel that that caters to people like the kind of guy who can't hold his job because he's drunk all the time? 888: Rehabilitation. Interviewer: Okay. Okay um what is that? Could you explain to me? 888: Well it's a place that when you're {D: too tired to} break the habit and you think you can't quit and you want help. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: That's the place to go. {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 888: and place where you can that you want help and you go down to the uh you know rehabilitation place and they help you out try to break your habit they'll put you on different stuff and see that you know make you take different medicine and stuff like that. #1 to break # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 888: your habit. that's if you want to you can always get of it if you want to. Some people claim they can't get off of it but you I I don't know but I say you want to break up something you can break it. Quit the habit or kick the habit or one. If you don't kick the habit you're going to kick the bucket. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's good. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. um Okay there's some kind of hotel you don't really do anything to these people you know they don't try to help him or anything they just just give him a place to stay and that's it. 888: {NW} Interviewer: You know I mean it's barely do that just give him a bed and 888: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 like # you know I don't know cost fifty cents a night or something like that #1 you have a # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: name for a place like that? They always do a ratty rundown looking place. 888: I'd call it the ghetto. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 888: They fifty cents a night. {NW} Interviewer: to what? 888: I said these the place called {NW} charge fifty cents a night. It must be Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Okay um Do you have some other names for a prostitute? 888: Do I know some other names for them? Interviewer: {NW} 888: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 888: {NW} Why did you ask me that? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Because it's on here. 888: um I just say Interviewer: Nobody will ever know that you said it. {D: The recording is confidential.} 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 888: I just say H-O-S. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. do you um {NS} Do you really when you say that do you say H-O or do you say the whole you say 888: I say the word but Interviewer: Why, why don't you go ahead and say it so they can hear how you say it? 888: I just say hoes. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Are there any other names for it? 888: {NW} B-H. Interviewer: What? 888: B-H-S. Interviewer: oh go ahead and say it. 888: Bitches. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # {NW} 888: I Interviewer: um Okay what do you call a building where some of them might work? You know like a a bunch of them might work there. 888: What what would I call a building? Interviewer: {NW} 888: The whorehouse. Interviewer: Okay. um sometimes there's a a-a-a woman who who runs the house 888: Yeah. Interviewer: You know um sort of in charge? What do you call her? 888: What do I call her? Interviewer: {NW} 888: Same thing I just call the rest of them. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And this is under the man. Who goes out like on the street and solicits and gets people for these women. Uh what would you call him? 888: The pimp. Interviewer: Okay. #1 anything other # 888: #2 {D: dynamite.} # Interviewer: what? 888: {D: Dynamite.} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. {NW} Okay. oh {NS} Okay what do you call the kind of uh shop where like I could take my watch and leave it you know for a certain amount of money? #1 and # 888: #2 Who do I call # Oh a pawn shop? Interviewer: Okay. um what would you call the worst section of town? Like downtown where drunks would be sitting around on the street and uh {NS} you know and just sitting there not doing anything there'd be a bunch of cheap hotels and just a real bad section of downtown 888: Travis Park. That's where all of them hang out. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Okay. where is that? # 888: #2 {NW} # That's on the corner of Travis right on the corner of Travis {NW} by the San Anthony's hotel on the corner of Travis street. #1 Right off of Travis. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # I'll keep that in mind next time I'm downtown. 888: {NW} #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Get away from there. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: um what would you call Okay um what do you call a kind of movie theater a movie house that shows uh dirty movies? 888: What do you call them? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Just call it a rated X theater. Rated X theater. Interviewer: Okay. um Do you know of any other names for uh wine? 888: Booze. Interviewer: Okay. Does booze include um {NS} an does booze include other kinds of liquor too? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. um What's some other words for money? 888: What's some uh other words for money? Interviewer: {NW} 888: Dust. Give me some dust. Bread Interviewer: #1 what's the first one? # 888: #2 give me some bread. # Dust. Interviewer: How do you spell that? 888: D-U-S-T. Interviewer: I haven't heard that. 888: You never heard that? Interviewer: No. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Where have I been all my life {NW} 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 888: It's a really old saying. And then another one is got some bread on you. #1 you heard that before. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Yeah I heard that. 888: Yeah and another word is green. Interviewer: What? 888: Give some green green. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. um what do you call a person who's hooked on drugs? 888: A drug addict. Interviewer: Okay and what do you call the person you know not a drugger but somebody who who sells drugs directly to the addict on the street illegally? 888: Pusher. Interviewer: Mm-kay. um {NS} What do you know about marijuana? 888: What do I know about marijuana? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I know it's bad for your health and I know it's it could kill you if you {NW} take so much of it and it's no good for your health it's all Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Messes up your lungs and brain. Interviewer: Do you know um any different kinds of it? 888: Any different kinds of heroin heroin? Interviewer: Um marijuana. 888: Marijuana? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: No I don't. Interviewer: {NW} 888: I wouldn't know because I don't I don't never mess with the stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. That's good. um does it usually come in what a powder or a look like a 888: It comes in a powder. pallet of white. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. um have you ever heard anybody talk about what's the best kind of marijuana to get? 888: Have I heard anybody talk about it? Interviewer: Uh-huh 888: Well I heard people talk about uh things like you know where they ship it at you know stuff like that and I never heard from them what kind is the best kind or you know Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. Okay. um what other kinds of drugs are there? that are illegal you know? 888: L-S-D dope weed and Interviewer: What did you say after dope? 888: Dope, weed. Interviewer: Weed? what is that is there another name for that? 888: Another word for weed? Interviewer: {NW} 888: Not that I know of. #1 It's weed. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 888: You know what that is don't you? Interviewer: Mm-mm. 888: You don't know what weed is? Interviewer: Mm-mm. 888: Was a lot of them smoking in San Antonio. Interviewer: Mm 888: That's on that's about the weed is about the baddest not the baddest drug but the most popular drug in San Antonio right now. Interviewer: Yeah. It's not the same thing as marijuana? 888: Well you can say it's the same thing but you know you smoke it just the same. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: and Interviewer: What else is there? 888: What else what other drug? Interviewer: {NW} 888: I said L-S-D right? They got uh All the drugs I know of that's I know of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are all those that you named are they uh stuff you smoke or are any of them pills or 888: weed is just smoke you uh talk you talking about pills? You want me to name some pills? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 888: Well they got they got some pills called downers they got some called reds and then they got some yellow then they got some uh uh black yellow jackets. Yellow jackets. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 what do # 888: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: What do the different ones do? Do you know? 888: Well the downers they take your mind all the way off. They take your mind you know you don't have a mind on you. You'll be tripping out you don't know what you're doing. Interviewer: {NW} That's bad. What are reds? 888: Reds? Interviewer: {NW} 888: Uh reds if you take enough of them they'll really get you get you going but reds is mostly when you you know try you know when you get really knocked out. You know you get yourself knocked out. Interviewer: Yeah. are they more like uppers or are they downers? 888: It's something like downers. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. uh anything else? 888: That's all I can think of I can think of a lot more but I think I named enough. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. uh Okay what do you call the the uh guy who who brings letters to your house? 888: Bring what? Interviewer: Letters. 888: Letters? Oh. A mailman. Interviewer: Okay. And the people who come and pick up the trash the garbage in the back. 888: Trash man. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you say a person has if he's able to gain favors like from politicians and city hall? 888: he's able to gain what do you call him? Interviewer: Yeah. What what would you say he has? 888: Legal legal rights? Interviewer: What? 888: The legal rights? Interviewer: Okay. anything else? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: um What would you call sometimes there's a city employee no no sometimes there's a guy who works in the city but he's on the payroll you know but he doesn't do anything {NW} he's not really he doesn't really have a job. and he's just on there probably for because of political reasons. #1 you know. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: would do you have a name for a person like that? 888: That sits on the sits in for for political reasons? Interviewer: Yeah. He he has a job or at least on the books you know he has a job but he doesn't really do anything he just he just draws a salary and that's it. 888: Do I have a name for it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I would just call him easy pay. Interviewer: Okay. um uh other than a brand name like A-T-B or something what would you call a large food store like that? 888: What would I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Henry E Butts. Interviewer: Okay. uh if you didn't call it by its name you'd say I'm gonna go down to the 888: food store. Interviewer: Okay. You have another name besides food store? 888: super market. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} what would you call oh a little neighborhood store, I've seen some around here I can't can't remember where but like it'll they'll be on the corner you know and they're usually run by family. 888: Oh Interviewer: they cater to kids that come by the school and that kind of thing. 888: that's a little grocery store then it's a little grocery store Interviewer: Okay. and then what about the kind that well they're kind of modern and they're usually all glass across the front and they're open real early and open real late or sometimes they're open 24 hours. 888: Oh stop and go? Interviewer: Yeah. Do you have another do you know another name for one of those? 888: Another name for {NS} uh like {D: A-D-N A-D-N} they open twenty-four hours a day mostly. Interviewer: Okay. um 888: I say uh graveyard shift. The graveyard store. cause they stay open almost all night. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. {NS} um what would you call a a store where you might get some kind of expensive special kind of foods like um specially cooked meats and bunches of different kinds of cheese and pickles maybe certain kinds and uh expensive kinds of salad and stuff like that? 888: What would I what? Interviewer: What would you call a place like that? 888: I just What would I call a place like that? Interviewer: {NW} 888: A store. Interviewer: Okay. um What are some things that people have in the kitchen to heat food if they don't want to bother with the stove or the regular oven? 888: They call it what do they a heater. bunsen burner. Interviewer: Okay bunsen burner what else? 888: um {NS} {NW} The oven Interviewer: {NW} 888: Think when anyone turns the stove on right? Interviewer: {NW} 888: They get I guess they just keep it in the oven. Interviewer: Okay. um 888: and then turn {X} Interviewer: um anything else electric you know that might be smaller than the oven? {NS} 888: uh I guess a bunsen burner that's all #1 I can think of. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # um what do you call a coin operated self service place where you go and do your clothes? #1 {X} # 888: #2 {X} # {NW} Washateria Interviewer: Okay. uh you know another name? 888: Laundry. Interviewer: Okay. um {NS} what do you call a thing it, that you have at home has a lid you know and you throw your dirty clothes in there. 888: Clothes rack. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. Okay. it it this 888: a damper Interviewer: what? 888: what you say? Interviewer: it it's you know just a thing where you pile your dirty clothes in it. It's usually made out of some kind of woven stuff usually has a lid you know and 888: We call ours the damper. Interviewer: Okay. um if you're gonna clean the rug you usually use a 888: A vacuum cleaner. Interviewer: Okay. And attached to the vacuum cleaner there's this thing that you have to change cause it fills up with dirt and stuff 888: the dirt catcher. Interviewer: Okay. um have you ever heard of those machines that some people have at home that reduces the size of their trash or garbage 888: Do I know the name of it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Trash compacter. Interviewer: Okay. um what do you call those big round metal things that you have you probably have out back that you put the trash or garbage in? {NS} 888: uh dumper? Dump? You're talking about a trash can or trash can. Interviewer: That you have at home? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. What about the kind that that's bigger it's a big square thing like a 888: oh you're talking about the the dump. Dump in the back that's what we call it the dump. Interviewer: Okay isn't that's the that's 888: #1 dump can # Interviewer: #2 the big # Okay and the kind the truck comes along and picks up 888: Yeah, picks the whole thing up Interviewer: Yeah. that's neat cause like 888: Yeah. they got easier you know some trash you know just sit in a truck and just let the truck do the work #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 888: You don't have to get your hands dirty at all. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 That'd be a good job. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh do you know any other names for cigarettes? 888: {D: guave} and smoke that's all I know Interviewer: Okay. {NS} uh what do you call the uh the car {NS} where they take {NS} that they used to take a a dead person from the uh like from the funeral home to the uh cemetery in? 888: A hearse. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the guy who prepares the a dead body for burial? 888: What do I call him? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: The embalmer. Interviewer: Okay. Any other thing that you call him? 888: {NW} uh {NS} no Interviewer: Okay. Um sometimes instead of burying the body in the ground they'll just take the body and put it in a building you know and they just sort of stack them up cause it's building what do you call the buildings? 888: Don't bury them? Interviewer: Yeah they just they don't bury them. They just put them in a in a vault kind of thing and they just slide the it's like a drawer. 888: Oh you're talking about Interviewer: and the whole building you call a 888: the heating you know keep them cold Interviewer: #1 I don't think it's still cold I think it's just # 888: #2 talking about a # Interviewer: it's just sealed you know. 888: I don't call it nothing cause I never seen none. Interviewer: It's creepy. #1 I don't like the idea. # 888: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: When you think of them you know they're all stacked up #1 there like # 888: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: sardines sort of. 888: I never seen that so I don't know. {X} Interviewer: My mother in law's mother died last spring and that's that's the way she wanted to be buried was like that. 888: Oh inside a tomb? Interviewer: Yeah in in one of these drawers. You know just slide them in. 888: Why she wanted to be buried like that she wanted to be cremated #1 or what # Interviewer: #2 no # {NW} she wasn't cremated the whole body you know you just put it in there like that. I don't know why she would be buried like that she was weird when she was alive too. 888: that's very weird Interviewer: {NW} her sister in law whatever {NW} grand {X} what what is she to you? She's my my grandmother-in-law I guess you'd say. 888: Oh grandmother-in-law. #1 well she's really weird then. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # My husband's grandma. 888: She wants to sit up in a drawer and be dead in the ground. Interviewer: What? 888: I mean I wouldn't I wouldn't want to you know be in nobody's I wouldn't want to be in no drawer without any ground. Interviewer: I know I wouldn't either. I think it's creepy. #1 Really. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {X} Um Okay. tell me about rooms in a house um how would you call a room that was enclosed but it was sixteen o {X} you get the most sunlight possible like they have glass walls or something 888: What would I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Repeat that again please. Interviewer: Okay you got a room that's got a bunch of glass so it'll get a lot of sunlight and you might put plants out there 888: Oh you talking about the it's the the sun room. #1 I say that's the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 888: {D: some really big name of it but} I'm comfortable with the sun room. Interviewer: Okay. um what do you call the kind of an informal room with a couch where you might just watch TV and relax and 888: What do I call it I call it a living room. Interviewer: Mm-kay. um what would you call a room that has a a toilet and a sink but it doesn't have any bathtub or shower? 888: What do I call a house? Interviewer: That that kind of room 888: it's got a toi- it's got a bathroom Interviewer: It's got it's got a it's got a toilet and a sink. 888: {NW} Interviewer: But it doesn't have a bathtub or shower. 888: What do I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I would say unsanitary. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 888: Cause I have to {D: have a bath} Interviewer: {NW} Okay. um what kind of a what do y'all use to heat your house? What kind of furnace do y'all have? 888: To heat our house? Interviewer: {NW} 888: only thing we got is a stove you know a heater. Interviewer: {NW} 888: We don't have no you know central heating or Interviewer: Yeah. what was it uh is it gas or is it 888: Gas. It's gas heater it's a gas heater. Interviewer: {NW} um when you say heater does it like an open flame where you can see the {NS} 888: Open Yeah. open flame it just come up {C: Lots of noise 26:41 to 26:45} Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Okay. um let's see do you remember any other kinds of heating stuff that you had in different houses or have you always had kind of the same thing? 888: Um we had wooden stoves back in those days long time ago. Interviewer: Okay, okay. um {NS} In the winter how does the air circulate? {C: Lots of noise in previous line} #1 you know how does # 888: #2 how does it # How does the air circulate? Interviewer: Yeah how does the heat get around to the rest of the house? 888: I guess it goes to the ceiling and then when it goes to the ceiling it goes everywhere. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. um do y'all have air conditioning? 888: Yes. Interviewer: How do you make the air go through the house in the air conditioning? 888: It just goes through just like the oxygen. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 888: #2 It just # goes through the house to keep it you leave all the doors open it'll be all through there. Interviewer: What I'm sorry what? 888: I said if you leave all the doors open it'll be all through the house the air in different you know Interviewer: Mm-kay. #1 Okay. # 888: #2 the air conditioner. # Interviewer: y'all ever use a fan or anything like that? 888: Yeah. we use a fan. We got one in the {X} room and Interviewer: um have you ever seen a house that just has like three rooms. and they're the rooms are just in a straight line like this, straight back and like if you open the front door you could look all the way through all three rooms. Have you seen a house like that? 888: Yeah. we like in a house like that. Interviewer: Okay. what do you call that kind of house? 888: I call it a a a duplex because our house has got three doors on the front. Interviewer: {NW} 888: And my room is the first one and there's another room going my sister's room is the next room. Interviewer: {NW} 888: Then we got a we don't have no it's just say a guest room all the way straight back the last room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: And we got some other rooms on the side the dining room stuff like that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Okay. But yours has more than just the 888: Three rooms. Interviewer: straight. Yeah. Okay. um Have you ever seen a house that has like uh two big rooms just two rooms. A room here and a room here and then in the middle there's this long hallway and it's got a roof over it but it's open {NW} you know it's open at both ends like the wind can just go right through there. It's built you know to make it real cool Do you have a name for that kind of house? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. um there's another kind of house that has just two rooms and it's got like a long entry hall and then a ninety degree angle you got the a big room right here. #1 Just one room like that # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Do you have a do you have a name for a house like that? 888: Do I have a name for a house? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: no Interviewer: Okay. uh Okay what would you call a large building where uh Scratch that let me ask you something else first. #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what kind of buildings would house more than one family? You know lots of families? 888: Lots of families? Interviewer: Yeah. Auxiliary: {NW} 888: What what kind of house would I call that? Interviewer: Yeah, what kind of building would you call it? 888: Call it the house. Interviewer: Okay. um what's an apartment? Would an apartment be something like that? 888: No. Interviewer: What's an apartment? Can you describe an apartment for me? 888: Apartment is about {D: now it depends} how many people live apartment has one room I believe no apartments have one room some have two but Apartment is when you by yourself or {NS} You're just two persons {D: with your unit} you're husband and wife but it's not for a for a family. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Okay. What would you call an apartment that occupies like the whole floor of a building? 888: the whole floor of the building? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: What would I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. Auxiliary: Hi. Interviewer: Hi. 888: What would I call an apartment that occupies the whole building? Interviewer: Whole floor. #1 whole floor. # 888: #2 the whole floor, like # Interviewer: the whole fifth floor or something. 888: Um just a whole big uh duplex apartment. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. um sometimes you got an apartment where the where the people who live there Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: actually own 888: Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: actually own their apartment you know they don't just rent it they really own it. {C: Lots of noise in previous line} #1 um # Auxiliary: #2 pass me that # Interviewer: #1 and like they # Auxiliary: #2 pass me the ball # Interviewer: #1 they all chip in to have uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 grass mowed and stuff like that # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 do you know the name for something like that? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: {X} no I sure don't I haven't Interviewer: Okay. um What do you call houses where you know they're regular houses maybe a two stories or something 888: {NW} Interviewer: but they're all jammed up together and they share a wall. You know like #1 there's no # 888: #2 Oh # Interviewer: space between them. 888: You're talking about um uh together apartment. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 they # You know duplex are duplex hooked on each other. Interviewer: What 888: Duplex apartments hooked on each other. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Side by side? 888: Yeah side by side that's what my grandmother lives in. Interviewer: Okay. um most apartment buildings have a guy who does you now does some of the plumbing he does electrical repair and stuff like that. What do you call a guy like that? 888: I call him a janitor Interviewer: Okay. #1 and # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Sometimes there's a guy who lives in the apartment and he shows uh vacant apartments to people who might want to move in and and he works with the apartments owners you know and 888: {NW} Interviewer: and uh he helps the other people who live there what would you call somebody like that? 888: {D: Tenor.} Interviewer: Okay. 888: {D: Tenor.} Interviewer: um {NW} Okay on lawnmowers what would you call the kind of lawnmower that you drive sort of like a car? 888: I say ride and guide kind of car. Interviewer: What? 888: Ride and guide. Interviewer: Okay. and uh what do you call the kind that is has an electric motor or a gas motor but you still you know it has a power motor but you still have to steer it with your hands 888: What do I call them? Interviewer: {NW} 888: I say a walking mower. Interviewer: Okay. and then there's the kind that um old fashioned kind that doesn't have any motor at all it's just got a little rotary thing that 888: Oh you talking about a push mower. Interviewer: Okay. uh if you were gonna plow up a garden in your backyard 888: {NW} Interviewer: You'd probably have to go and rent something to plow it with and what would you call that thing that you rent? 888: To plow with? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I call that uh bulldozer I guess. Interviewer: A what? 888: A tractor. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. um There's one thing that you might use in the garden that the it's shaped like a shovel except it's just instead of a long handle like a shovel it has it's just got a little hand handle and you use like this to get out weeds or something 888: Oh you talking about a garden tool? Interviewer: {NW} #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 garden # shovel. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. um {NW} have you ever seen the kind of garden tool that has uh it's got three prongs kind of like a claw like that 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 except they're long # Yeah they're longer like this and uh it's got a little hand handle and you use it like this to get up weeds 888: uh What do I call that? Interviewer: Yeah you have a name for that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. um what kind of a rake would you use to rake up leaves in the fall? 888: What kind of rake would I call that, a leaf rake. Interviewer: Okay. um there's a what's it look like? Can you describe it to me? 888: What it looks like? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: uh I just say a rake or a leaf rake. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. There's another kind of rake that that you might use um like in the garden like once you got it plowed up then you have to even out the dirt you know make it level. 888: {NW} Interviewer: And this kind of rake it's shaped sort of like a comb like if you take your comb and you know just like that and it's got these little short metal pieces about this long you have a different name for that kind of rake? 888: Iron rake. Interviewer: what? 888: It's a iron rake Interviewer: Mm-kay. um what would What do you call something that you'd use to keep your hedge level with? 888: Trimmers. Interviewer: Okay would those be electric or would they be manual? 888: Well oh auto I mean just manual. Interviewer: Mm 888: Regular. Interviewer: Okay. uh if you had some that were electric would you call them anything different? 888: Yes I'd call it electric clip- elec- electricity trippers. elec- electricity trip clippers. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Clippers. Interviewer: Okay. um say uh say a big tree blew down say that tree right there blew down and blew across the street 888: {NW} Interviewer: they'd probably have to get somebody out here from the city #1 with a # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: a gasoline-powered thing to cut the tree up with because it's too big just to move you know in one piece. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: What what would you call that? 888: I'd call that a chainsaw. Interviewer: Okay. uh can you name and describe for me different cuts of uh beef? 888: Different cuts of beef? Interviewer: Yeah. like you might buy at the store or 888: Liver liver liver beef. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Cow beef. Interviewer: Wait what was the last thing? 888: Cow beef liver beef Interviewer: Okay. what else? Anything else? 888: and rib beef. Interviewer: Okay what are the ribs? 888: Ribs Ribs is the kind that has the little bitty bone I mean little flat bone in Interviewer: Mm-kay. 888: Yeah. All the way down you know every every place just about two fifths about say about two inches from the {X} Interviewer: Okay. What else? 888: That's about all Interviewer: Okay. uh you have any cuts of pork? 888: Pork? Yeah rib pork and {NW} rib pork they got steak pork pork chops #1 and # Interviewer: #2 and what do they # Do you know the difference in the way they look? 888: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 you know # how do they 888: Well pork chops is is just regular like steak it's in a {D: try it} sort of like a four corners got four corners on the about four corners and pork meat is sort of like made like hamburger meat. Interviewer: #1 How does that # 888: #2 Yeah. # pork meat Interviewer: Yeah is it ground up you mean? 888: Yeah it's ground up. #1 Yeah. you've seen that before haven't you # Interviewer: #2 oh # Yeah. 888: it's ground up Yeah that's about all I can tell you. Interviewer: Okay what about cuts of lamb, you know about, have you eaten different cuts of lamb? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. um what about different kinds of #1 poultry? # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You know different kinds of chicken and turkey and stuff? 888: uh Different kinds? Interviewer: Yeah. {C: Lots of noise 37:28 to 37:30} 888: Well I call it they got turkey they got um the back they got the leg they got the stomach they got the neck Interviewer: Yeah. 888: they got the wing. Interviewer: When you buy a a chicken usually you can go to the store and they'll have one kind that says fryer they'll have another kind that says hen or something like that. #1 Do you know the difference in those? # 888: #2 {NW} # Yes. Interviewer: What's the difference? 888: Well when they say some in the fryer What you want to know the difference? Interviewer: Well I mean that is there was there a difference in like the age of the chicken? or something like that? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: which one's older do you know? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. uh what are some different kinds of sausage? 888: oh different kinds of sausage? #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 888: Pork sausage and regular sausage. Interviewer: What's regular sausage? 888: A link sausage link sausages. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Barbecue sausages and that's all I can {X} chili sausage Interviewer: Okay. what's a chili sausage? 888: A chili sausage is something that you cook in water and when you cooked all the water out of it, it's ready to eat. And you can mix like egg and stuff with it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 it's {X} # It comes out of the the skin. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. uh oh what do you call that kind of thing that that you might get like a circus or at the at a football or baseball game? 888: What kind of thing is that? Interviewer: Yeah uh what kind of a sausage and it's red you know and about this long and you put it in a bun you put mustard and relish on it. 888: Oh hot dog? Interviewer: Okay. now when you say hot dog does that refer to the whole whole thing with the bun and all you know or does it just mean the the red thing? 888: it's uh it's for the buns for all the relish and {C: Noise from 39:28 to 39:36} Interviewer: #1 what what say that again? # 888: #2 and # Yeah. it it you know lettuce and ketchup and bread Interviewer: Yeah. 888: It refers to the whole thing. Interviewer: Mm-kay so hot dog means the whole thing? 888: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: what would you say if you were just talking about the red thing? 888: I'd just say the hot dog. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 888: Plain wing. Interviewer: Huh? 888: Plain wing. Interviewer: Wing? 888: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Okay. Oh an ant. um Have you ever seen the kind of sandwich that comes in a big bun about like this and they {D: clock it} through this way and it's got two or three different kinds of meat and two or three kinds of cheese and usually lettuce and tomatoes on it? 888: Mixed sandwiches I guess mixed sandwich. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. uh What would you have to drink with a sandwich like that? 888: Um probably milk or soda water or something sweet to drink. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. uh you Do you know any other names for soda water besides soda water? 888: Uh any other names? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Pop they call it pop soda. and sweet that's all I know kool-aid. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: um Okay if you were if you were over 18 you instead of having soda water you might have a 888: A beer. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} 888: I always I always have a beer ma'am Interviewer: you might have one now 888: Yeah I know I could do for one right now {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Yeah. {NW} that's the truth 888: Yeah. Interviewer: that would be good. A Coors preferably that's my favorite kind 888: Coors? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Oh yeah then they {X} lot of people drink it I never heard I mean you know I don't see too much of here in San Antonio. Interviewer: Oh well it's hard to get. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 they don't sell it everywhere # 888: #2 only place # I don't think they sell it here because this dude where I used to work at? Interviewer: {NW} 888: and he had to go all the way out of town I think it was Interviewer: Yeah. 888: forget it cause he was giving a party Coors that uh they say it's a pretty good beer. Interviewer: Yeah. it is they sell it in Dallas 888: that's what you like? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: oh that's good Interviewer: Yeah. 888: well my kind of beer you know my kind of beer? Interviewer: what? 888: Flex. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Yeah. that's alright # 888: #2 that # #1 That's my kind of beer. # Interviewer: #2 I like that # I had some of that with the other night with some Mexican food that was good 888: Oh you did? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: uh-oh Interviewer: {NW} 888: drinking on the job #1 you hear that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 And here it is on tape for proof # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: um oh do you know any other names for beer besides just beer? 888: Do I know any other names for it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I would just no I don't. Interviewer: Okay. um Okay. let's see {NS} um a woman has a {NS} a ring that has a big stone in it I mean a big about like that 888: {NW} Interviewer: you know and like she has to take it off when she washes dishes or something like that and what would you call a ring that has a stone in it like that big? 888: A birthstone? Interviewer: Yeah it might be a birthstone or whatever you know just just something big and pretty #1 you know just # 888: #2 I just # call it a a diamond ring. Interviewer: Okay. um what do you call shorts either men or womens that would come about to your knee? 888: What would I call them? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I just call them shorts. Interviewer: Okay. what would you call something that came down to about here? Some kind of pants you know came down to about here 888: High waters. Interviewer: #1 High waters. # 888: #2 {NW} # Yeah they {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Are those for men or women? 888: {NW} They for everybody when their pants outgrow them. Interviewer: {NW} 888: when they try to wear them Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} I love it 888: {NW} Interviewer: uh Okay. what do you call shorts that come to here about here? 888: What do I call them? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: How far? uh well I say high pants when they come a little up to up too far up there Interviewer: Okay. #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh let's see what would you call clothes that had been owned by somebody else before you got them? 888: what what what would I call them? Interviewer: {NW} 888: I would call them secondhand clothes. Interviewer: Okay. what if you got them from an older brother or something? would you still call it secondhand or would you call it something else? 888: I call it secondhand. Interviewer: Okay. um what do you call very fashionable or really good looking clothes? 888: What do I call them? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Cool studs. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 uh # Interviewer: Cool what? 888: Cool studs. Interviewer: Okay. alright cool studs. well is there something a girl could wear? 888: No it I mean you know it's got a different name for girls. Interviewer: Yeah what would a girl wear? #1 I mean # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if it was really good looking clothes for a girl what would you call it? 888: I would say really skintight. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} Okay. {NW} 888: #1 that's what I would call it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay. uh Okay if you were going some place on an airplane and you had some clothes that wouldn't fit in your suitcase you know and you had to carry them hanging up 888: Yeah. Interviewer: You'd have a little bag with a zipper on it 888: that's what I took up there to Houston. Interviewer: Yeah what do you call that thing? 888: What call what do I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well uh I would just call it a suit bag. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. um what would you what do you call the kind of light weight plastic thing that you get at the cleaners when you get you know you take some pants or something to be cleaned? 888: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 or to # Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: What do you call that kind? 888: What do I call it I call it cellophane cellophane wax. I you know many pants I I put my pants in the cleaners and lady you know {NW} It's over I think it's over about sometimes around three dollars and she don't even put no st- wrapper on it. You know I I don't over there I asked her about that one time #1 and she said # Interviewer: #2 Yeah? # 888: Well it's so much you got to pay for so much you got to pay to just to get that wrap on there. Interviewer: Well that's weird I've never heard of that 888: and you know it I don't care if the pants cost fifty cents you should still get the wrapper on it because you paying your money and you want you know dust could get on it you know on the outside. Interviewer: Yeah. I know 888: And then she puts them on all the rest of them and I say well you said you started on all the rest of them, you should put it on all of them. I you know some places not like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And some are Interviewer: Some places you'd get it anyway #1 just because it's good service. # 888: #2 Yeah. # Yeah {NS} I guess she's tight. {NS} Interviewer: That's weird. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Um What all different kinds of shoes would men wear? 888: What different types? #1 Alligators # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 888: and Interviewer: What are alligators? 888: Alligator shoes are made out of alligator. And {NW} they got different you know designs on the front. Interviewer: Okay. 888: And #1 they got Davy boots people # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 888: few some people wear {D: Davy} boots. #1 some boots # Interviewer: #2 what kind of boots? # 888: {D: Davy} boots Interviewer: What are those? 888: {D: Davy} boots are something that's comfortable you've seen me wearing some {D: Davy} boots one day too, like at the black ones I wore. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Them was the {D: Davy} boots. They're they're not exactly them is they they they made just like {D: Davy} boots but they got more rubber than {D: Davy} boots do. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: and Interviewer: uh describe it to more for the you know. 888: #1 The Davy # Interviewer: #2 you know # 888: boots? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well {D: Davy} boots is something to be comfortable in it's real light and not heavy and the rubber on them is real good. Interviewer: Cool. 888: Oh Reynold cut that out. Interviewer: Kinds of shoes? 888: Different kind oh {D: Davy} boots? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: uh {D: Davy} boots are light. {NW} They thin on the rub the rubber's not that thick. {NW} And it's good to work in when you want to work and it's all I could tell you about {D: Davy} boots. Interviewer: Okay what other kind of men's shoes are there? 888: They got like I said they got alligator shoes they got uh Leather shoes they got tennis shoes Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {NW} # sandals and they got {NS} uh let's see what else kind of shoes. That's all the kind of shoes I can think of. They got platform shoes some people don't wear platform shoes but lot of people wear them. Interviewer: Okay. um tennis shoes {NW} are those do you have to just play tennis in tennis shoes or 888: Do you have to just play tennis in them? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: No you play basketball these are All Star I got on these tennis shoes I got on right here. You can play basketball you can play #1 tennis # Auxiliary: #2 {NW} # 888: Anything you want to play as long as it's you know you want to be comfortable and get around and then play in. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 888: Any kind of sport. Interviewer: And what kind of shoes would women wear? 888: What kind of shoes women wear? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: They wear uh sneakers I guess. They got wear sneakers {NW} you know tennis and sandals. Interviewer: Okay. 888: cotton level shoes maybe you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Okay. um What would you call {X} dress up shoes that a girl might wear? 888: What would I call dress up shoes? Interviewer: Yeah. Auxiliary: {X} 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 just # Dress up shoes or something else? 888: I just call them uh dress up shoes. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. uh cool What grades are um grades are in grade school? Around elementary school now? 888: What grades are they? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: From the first to the twelfth. Interviewer: Okay and this is in elementary school? 888: Yeah. oh what grades to which? Interviewer: Yeah like 888: Well the first first grade is to first grade is to right now I think to the sixth grade. Interviewer: Okay and then what do they go into? 888: And junior school now they changed it now up here from sixth to eighth grade and to junior high school now when you go to high school you go from the ninth to the twelfth. They got it separated. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 then on up # Interviewer: {NW} Okay. um do you have a name for a a real ugly man or a boy? 888: A real ugly man or a boy? Interviewer: Yeah. what would you call him? 888: He's just hurt {NW} Interviewer: Okay or would you s- 888: #1 how are you doing there # Interviewer: #2 say you # 888: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 # Auxiliary: Hi Interviewer: Hi Auxiliary: Hi Interviewer: Or would you say he's ugly as {NS} anything? 888: {NW} I guess I would just say he's just ugly Interviewer: Okay uh what about a real ugly girl? You have a name for a real ugly girl? 888: A mug Interviewer: #1 a what? # 888: #2 {NW} # A mugger. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay. anything else? 888: {NW} No that's all I can think of. Interviewer: Okay um what would you call a person who always has his nose in the books? You know they never do anything but read and they may not be particularly smart but they just read all the time that's all. 888: Read all the time? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I call them a bookworm stuck to books Interviewer: Okay. Okay now you have a name for somebody who's just real smart you know whether they read all the time or not? 888: For a person that reals that's real smart? Interviewer: {NW} 888: I just call them the brains. Interviewer: Okay. uh What would you call a kid in school who always trying to get the attention of the teacher and get the teacher's praise and you know 888: what would I call him? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I'd call him just a nuisance. Interviewer: Okay. 888: I just call it if he tries to get t- teacher's attention I would just say he just wants more attention for himself. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 or # You know he wants to get attention you know it don't have to be getting attention he might want to ask her something or something. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 {NW} # might get on their nerves something like you know. Interviewer: Okay. what would you call um sometimes this this kind of thing carries over you now when people grow up and they they get a job there's somebody who's always trying to get in good with the boss at work what would you call somebody like that? Auxiliary: {X} 888: What would I call a person like that? Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 888: uh that try to get in good with the boss? Interviewer: Yeah. but I mean uh more than just normal you know I mean they're 888: it's got it's a it's a girl or what just anybody Interviewer: {NW} anybody 888: I just say just trying to make you look get in easy with the boss so the boss can like him and {C: Reduced audio quality 51:33 to 51:37} appreciate him and try to get a raise. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 888: #2 called bribe # Interviewer: Okay. Okay. um let's see um what do you call that place in school where they usually have pep rallies and uh Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: I guess they have Yeah pep rallies 888: Pep rallies? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: What do I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: A A outdoor fair for the school. Football game something like that. Interviewer: Okay what well what would {NW} We always had our pep rallies indoors. Now let me think about this uh {NW} they also have P-E classes. 888: P-E classes Interviewer: Yeah in this big thing had basketball games in there {NS} 888: uh gym Interviewer: what? 888: Talking about the gym? Interviewer: Yeah. Okay what else is going in the gym? 888: Basketball, tennis uh that's all I can think of Interviewer: Okay. um what do you call the place in school where the toilets are? 888: Restroom. Interviewer: What? 888: Restroom. Interviewer: Okay. um oh {NW} do you have do you know of a of a bad like a derogatory name or any other kind of nickname sort of thing for somebody who's a hippie? 888: For somebody a hippie for a hippie? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I call a weirdo. Interviewer: Okay. a what? 888: Weirdo. Interviewer: Alright any anything else? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. um what would you call somebody you know probably another guy who like you grew up with you've known forever and he might be somebody you tell your problems to and stuff like that 888: what would I call him? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I call him a close brother or a friend. Interviewer: Okay. um have you ever heard of somebody who uh like if somebody doesn't have a father or you know somebody's father's dead or or maybe his father's just not around much somebody who I don't know kind of takes over and acts like a father to somebody? You ever heard of somebody like that? 888: The guardian? Guardian? Interviewer: what? 888: The guardian? Father. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. 888: Yeah. Interviewer: um at school there are a bunch of y'all that that go around together and always you know do things together and stuff like that? 888: um bunch of us? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: and do things together? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: We just say we're all together and we friends and we always be together. Interviewer: {NW} #1 Okay. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 do you call # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: do you call it anything like you know a bunch or a Auxiliary: {X} 888: Sigmund watch out {NS} Interviewer: or I mean you'd say I'm gonna go up well if you tell your mother where you're going you say I'm gonna go out with a {NW} do you have a name for that group? 888: Oh do I do I have a name for that? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I just say when I go out I'm going out with a couple of friends of mine Interviewer: Okay. Okay. uh {NW} if um 888: {NW} Interviewer: the new kid moves in the neighborhood especially if it's a younger kid uh would would he have any kind of I mean would would the other kids in the neighborhood have any kind of um initiation that he'd have to go through? 888: No that's all that's in the past. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. Do you have anything like that for people who are like born in the neighborhood? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. uh um um um um Okay I've I've {X} What would you call a man or a boy who acts kind of girlish or womanish? 888: What would I call a girl boy that Interviewer: #1 uh # 888: #2 a girl # Interviewer: No a man um a boy 888: Oh #1 what would I call him? # Interviewer: #2 who acts kind of # 888: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 888: Faggot. I would call him Interviewer: Okay now uh would that would that apply to someone who's really a homosexual? {NS} 888: Yeah. {NS}{C: Loud noise from 55:58 to 56:05} probably like Interviewer: You said you talk me on this 888: Oh I did say #1 I forgot # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # thank you 888: So like Yeah a homosexual and sort of on the girl's side a punk Interviewer: it Okay Okay what was that word you used again? 888: A punk. Interviewer: Okay and the other one was 888: Homosexual. Interviewer: Yeah or a 888: Fag. Interviewer: Okay. um Okay all those people are real sure homosexuals is that right? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay now you have a word for somebody who's not really a homosexual but he's just sort of {NS} you know sort of I don't know he just acts sort of girl-y. 888: I just call him a just call him a punk. Interviewer: Okay um Okay what about what about a a girl? 888: #1 a girl? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # homosexual 888: I call her horny. Horny. Horny. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. And you know any other names? 888: uh {D: harlot}. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. um what about a girl who's not you know real sure enough homosexual but she's just sort of Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: acts like a Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: sort of Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: like a boy or like a man or something, what would you call someone like that? 888: A try to act like a boy and what? Interviewer: Yeah she she she acts like a man sort of you know sort of 'un- in an unpleasant sort of way but she's not a real homosexual do you have a name for somebody like that? 888: Tries to act like a man. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I'd just say she wants to be a Interviewer: Okay. 888: I say that she she's kind of horny and she wants to be a man. Interviewer: Okay. uh say do you um what would you call a sexually overactive woman or a girl? 888: A overactive girl what you mean by that? Interviewer: Oh just has sex all the time. 888: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 888: Sex all the time. Interviewer: Every thirty minutes or something I don't know 888: What would I call a girl? Interviewer: Yeah who did that. 888: I'd just say she's she just likes it I guess. Interviewer: Okay. what about a boy who did that? Same thing or something different? 888: What do I would I call a boy that likes sex all the time? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Well I would just say he just likes sex. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. What about what would you call a girl who would just go do it with just anybody? I mean you know she didn't care and she didn't care who knew about it either. What would you call someone like that? 888: Dynamite. Interviewer: What? 888: Dynamite. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: What about a boy who's the same way? He'd go to bed with anybody he didn't care who knew about it. 888: He'd go to bed with anybody Interviewer: What? 888: I wouldn't say I would call him uh unclean Interviewer: Okay 888: because no telling what the girl got and what she who she's been having way before that you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. um do you know of a rough 888: {NW} Interviewer: #1 kind of word games where # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you know that like teenage boys might play where one tries to insult the other one more and then you know somebody comes up and insults you and you try to insult them back more. 888: oh I call it cut down. Interviewer: What? 888: I call it cut down you know you get cut down by another friend you get you know {NS} cursed out and {NS} I call it a cut down Interviewer: Okay. um is that the same thing as 888: to get down on your case you know really getting down on your case Interviewer: #1 on your what? # 888: #2 about you. # your case Interviewer: what's that 888: we call it the ca- {NW} your case. Like somebody rides your case and you know you don't you don't {X} and something they ride real bad and they might ride your family and then that's called they riding your case. Interviewer: I get it okay. uh is that the same thing as playing the {X} 888: Playing the what? Interviewer: {D: The doggone}? You ever heard of that? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. what about {D: founding or} signify or ranking? 888: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay you never heard # 888: #2 Just riding and # getting on your case. Interviewer: Okay. Can you give me an example? 888: Of riding? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: well riding was the same thing as when somebody's getting down on your case Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: and somebody says something funny somebody talking about your clothes and getting on your case and then you I won't- it means about the same thing getting on your case. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: Cause you know like we be talking to a couple of my friends like I say hey man you got black socks black socks on with yellow pants something or green socks on yellow, yellow pants and he might say aw you're getting on my case man stay off my case man. Interviewer: {NW} 888: Another one might say he cutting you he cutting you hard man real low down you know. So #1 that's what I think. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay. um Okay would anybody ever insult somebody else's mother? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay can you give me an example? 888: Well like I was riding the bus home from school {NW} you know they was riding each other's case him and this other dude and they was sitting down on the bus so and I knew something was going to happen but I didn't know the dude was going to get you know they was talking about each other at first Interviewer: Yeah. 888: and then they said this other dude told this told this other dude he said hey man I know your mother lift weights and then the other dude started talking about his got on his daddy talking about his daddy you know {X} that he didn't know what he you know tried to pick up things out the trash can something like that I didn't really get it but I well anyway that's what she was that's what he was riding him about. Interviewer: {NW} 888: Then he got mad and one pushed the other one then they got up and then wanted to fight {NS} on the bus. Interviewer: {NW} 888: And the bus driver had to come back and try to break it up. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 888: #2 {NW} # #1 and this # Interviewer: #2 well # 888: pregnant girl was sitting right by me. And she said oh watch out watch out she was going to school at the time you know and she was pregnant. {NW} They was almost. I sat right next to her you know and they almost fell on her and she was trying to get out the way and I. I had to try and move my legs out the way they was falling all down. Interviewer: Yeah. oh man 888: {NW} Interviewer: um well does that kind of thing usually end in fights? 888: Ends a fight, starts a fight. Interviewer: Ends it or starts does it usually start 888: Yeah it starts a fight riding each other's cases and getting down on each each other real hard. Interviewer: {NW} Okay uh do people ever say things that are real dirty? 888: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 like about # 888: Real dirty? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Uh they might say that your family is I don't want to say it to you you want me to say them words? Interviewer: Yeah. Go ahead 888: They might say uh your mother's a whore and your sister's a bitch or something like that. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 888: Or someone might say you whore you seen you on the street last night. {NW} Or something like that. Interviewer: #1 Would they say that to a girl? # 888: #2 you know # Yeah they'll say it to the girl or and they they you know mostly you want me to talk to you about now I'll tell you about the boys they might say that well they they'll probably tell a boy you know boy tell another boy he'll probably get down and signify get down and signify case or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah signify a case? Is that what you said? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Does that mean the same thing as? 888: riding you know signify getting really down real down on it Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 888: And talking bad they'll use the profanity language. Interviewer: Using what? 888: Profanity language. Interviewer: Okay. um let's see what else was I going to ask you about that do girls ever play it? #1 or do you say # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Do you call it playing it? 888: They don't play it they I mean they some of them can take it and some can't. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And some get mad #1 because # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 888: others be riding them harder. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And. Interviewer: Well do girls do it? 888: Yeah the girls do it they call each other like I said they call each other whores and they say like. I seen you know one day I seen this girl and she's walking downtown and she told the girl to wait up she said wait up and I forgot her name said wait up and said other girl said you you come on bitch if you want want me to wait up for you and then they started arguing and going on. {X} Interviewer: You were saying and that something 888: Um I was talking about getting down on each other's case. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 Does it usually start fights for girls too? # 888: #2 I mean # Yeah it it means everybody boys and girls. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay put put the mic towards you # 888: Oh {NS} Like I be in the room sometimes me and my friend named Frank and Wyde Earl we call him you name Wyde and and see and Earl we call him Earl of Pearl cause his first name's Earl you know. And we call Wyde wide you know we call him wide his name is Wyde but we call him Wide Earth you know cause he's named after the band so we call him Wider you know. And one day and the dude named Frank he talks so much in the room we say we call they call him goofball you know they always call him goofball but he don't mind it cause he's used to it you know. and sometimes he'd come to school and he'd have some other different color socks on you know and me and him we could get along good I can you know he could talk about me and I could talk about him and never never get mad at each other because I can hold my temper and some can't. Like I say hey man your what you doing with red socks on with blue pants? And then he might say uh the same reason you had something else on you know a different color or something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Uh you know just crack you know riding each other's case but we're not getting mad at each other because we're used to it but some people that's not used to it and has a bad temper they can't take it the pressure that's when they get mad and want to fight. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I never had no trouble like that unless I get if somebody talk about me and they don't know me that's when I will get mad. {C: Noise 1:30 to 1:34} If a person know me and talk about me and if it's too much if I can't stand them to talk about it and I tell him to stop talking about it that's when I want to fight. Interviewer: {NW} Uh how old do are kids when they start doing this usually? 888: How old are they? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: {NW} I'd say start off pretty young walking up {X} the type of age {C: Reduced audio quality in previous line} like I guess say seven or eight on up. Interviewer: Okay okay. 888: They just you know getting talked about by each other. Interviewer: Yeah uh when do people stop doing it? I mean do adults do it? 888: Yeah a- adults do it too. Interviewer: {NW} Does it usually end up in a fight? 888: Yes. Talking about each other that that's what I call you know getting you know riding each other's case. Interviewer: Okay okay. 888: Some don't and some don't old people I don't think they do it real senior people you know really old people but I don't you know one hundred percent you always usually about fifty percent out of one hundred people ride each other's case and talk about people behind they back and you know start fights. Interviewer: {NW} 888: To tell what the other person said. Interviewer: Um okay now you have you been talking about blacks mostly? 888: Have I been talking about blacks Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 888: #2 mostly? # No I'm talking about all the races. Interviewer: Okay. 888: Not only blacks. Interviewer: Okay. so you got Mexican Americans doing this and 888: #1 and white people # Interviewer: #2 and white # 888: and black Interviewer: Okay. 888: and Puerto Rican and other people that in San Antonio. Interviewer: Okay okay let's see um if if you tell me a nickname you know for these people tell me if it's if it's derogatory you know I mean by derogatory I mean um what do I mean I mean if you're trying to insult something. 888: Insulting? Interviewer: Yeah if it's insulting. You know what I mean? 888: Um Interviewer: Like if you're 888: Just just giving the name or I'm trying to insult him by the name. Interviewer: What? 888: You're trying to say just give them the name or I'm trying to insult them by a name? Oh that's an insulting name. Is that what you mean? Interviewer: Right that's what I mean. 888: Okay. Interviewer: Okay if somebody if somebody is trying to insult you by calling you that 888: {NW} Interviewer: Then that's a derogatory name. 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And and uh are are insulting names #1 and I want you to # 888: #2 okay # Interviewer: tell me if you know #1 if # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the name is uh is is like that or if it's just sort of neutral. 888: {NW} Interviewer: you know in which case you know wouldn't be one way or the other or if it if you would use it to be polite. 888: Oh okay. Interviewer: Okay? Okay um first of all do you know of any other names for Chinese or Japanese, people like that? 888: No #1 just Chinese and # Interviewer: #2 okay # Now a lot of these you may not know other names for it because uh see there we've got all the nationalities out here that we could think of that might be all the way across the South 888: {NW} Interviewer: and we don't have them all in San Antonio. 888: Alright. Interviewer: #1 consequently # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you may not know anybody who's 888: #1 that race. # 888: #2 Alright. # Interviewer: So just tell me no or something. 888: Okay. Interviewer: Um okay uh do you know of any other names for Roman Catholics? 888: Roman Catholics? Interviewer: Yeah 888: No I don't. Interviewer: okay uh what about any other names for Protestants? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh any other names for Jews? 888: Tight. Interviewer: Okay is is that an insulting name? 888: Uh yes Interviewer: #1 okay # 888: #2 it is # Interviewer: okay uh any name other name for a Germans? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh there's a different different kind of German called low Germans. Did you ever you know another name for them? 888: Low Germans? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I don't know I just call them Germans. Interviewer: Okay uh another name for Italians? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay how about Polish people? 888: Yes. Interviewer: What? 888: Polish people? Interviewer: Yeah 888: I say they got a {NW} they got a funny accent and some people call them tied tongue something like that. Interviewer: Called all of them what? 888: Tied tongue. Interviewer: Okay and is that insulting? 888: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. #1 um # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What? 888: I don't have no good names but that's what I guess that's insulting because when you call them that and that's {NS} that's not that's not they name. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: But you know the way they talk you have to give them the name or something. Interviewer: Okay. #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay what about Russians? 888: Russian? No. Interviewer: Okay what about Czechoslovakians? 888: Czechoslovakians? No. #1 same name # Interviewer: #2 okay # uh {D: Lithuanians?} 888: Same name. Interviewer: Okay Englishmen? 888: Englishmen? No. Interviewer: okay Irishmen? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay. uh Scotsmen? 888: {D: phrase} Royal Scott. Interviewer: Huh? 888: No nothing nothing. Interviewer: Okay uh Frenchmen? 888: Frenchmen? Interviewer: Yeah 888: I don't have I just call them Frenchmen. Interviewer: Okay what about Cajun? 888: Cajun? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I just call them Cajun that's all the names I been hearing and that's all I you know they was over here I would call them something but they're not over in my country. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Right okay uh Greek? 888: Greece? Did you say Greece? Interviewer: Greek. 888: Oh Greeks No. Interviewer: okay um Scandinavians? 888: Scandinavians uh no. Interviewer: Okay Canadians? 888: no Interviewer: Okay Cubans? 888: No. Interviewer: Okay Puerto Ricans? 888: Puerto Ricans? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: I would call them Puerto Ricans they try to act like blacks all the time. Interviewer: Yeah? 888: I would say the others could say they I say try to act like blacks. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Okay uh # 888: #2 some of them # Interviewer: now the next one um people who uh were born in this country but like whose ancestors came from Mexico? #1 Like these kids. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now do you know any other names for them? 888: They came from Mexico? Interviewer: Well their ancestors did like maybe their grandfathers or somebody but they didn't they were born here. 888: Who would I call them from Mexico or here? Interviewer: From here. 888: Oh I'd say Americans. Interviewer: Okay now you know of any any insulting names for them? 888: Oh uh day niggers day niggers or. Interviewer: What was that? 888: Day niggers. Interviewer: That's a new one I ain't heard that. #1 Okay what would a # 888: #2 Taco eater # Interviewer: What. 888: Taco eater. Taco vendor. Taco vendor. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 888: No that's about all. Interviewer: Okay are those two insulting? The 888: Yes they are ins- they're insulting and which they don't like to hear. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: But you know. Interviewer: Okay um okay I know that one time you called them Mexicans now um is that considered just neutral or is that um is that insulting or 888: What Mexican? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Mexican is insulting they don't Mexicans don't like they just they just they want to be called Mexican. And sometimes you know like I had a friend named {X} junior and we just like he's you know we just like brothers he's family but he act you know he acts black you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And sometimes you know he'll call me come here brother you know like that and I say what you want Mexican and he'll say you know man you know we just you know he call me a black boy something like that. #1 and he just # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 888: you know I call him Mexican. {NW} We don't mind it now we don't get mad at each other because we're used to it and Interviewer: Yeah. 888: he used, my mother, she heard me say that one time and she said don't be saying that you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And I told her we always say that to each other you know different words. Interviewer: Okay now let me get this straight is, is Mexican that they don't like to be called that? 888: Mexican. Mexican. Interviewer: Mexican? 888: {NW} Interviewer: Okay but Mexican is okay? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay the the uh 888: Mexican is what they want to be called. Interviewer: Oh. 888: Mexican. Interviewer: Mexican okay. 888: And Mexican they don't want to be called. Interviewer: I get it. Mexican is what they don't want to be called. 888: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # I I get it. Okay and I if you call them Spanish I know if you call them Spanish what is that #1 is that polite? # 888: #2 Span- # Spanish people? Interviewer: Yeah does it mean 888: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 the same # 888: that's polite. Interviewer: Okay. #1 What's another word that's polite? # 888: #2 {X} # To call a Mexican? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 888: #2 {NW} # {NW} uh uh all I know is uh brown. Interviewer: Okay okay 888: They're brown. Interviewer: Yeah what do you think about the term um let's see you know you used to hear Latin American? 888: {NW} Interviewer: What do do you hear that anymore? 888: Latin American? Interviewer: {NW} 888: No. Interviewer: Okay what 888: I hear it but what you mean by that? Interviewer: Well who says it? And is it polite or? 888: It's polite. Interviewer: Okay. Okay What about Mexican American? Do you hear that? I mean does anybody say that? 888: It's polite. Interviewer: Okay 888: Mexican Mexican American Interviewer: Okay now back to just plain Mexican would would you consider that to be polite or just neutral? 888: Mexican? Well I could call it Interviewer: Mexican 888: Mexican that's polite. Interviewer: okay okay um If you wanted to find out you know the correct way to say something how would you find out would you listen to people around you or would you would you go look it up in a dictionary or would you ask an English teacher or what would you do? 888: Well I would look it up in the dictionary or I'd find it I was going to school and I had an English teacher I would have asked her. Interviewer: {NW} Okay what do you think about asking people around you or I mean just listening to what people around you are saying? 888: well I they can help too a little bit but sometimes people around you don't know and you gotta ask somebody that has an education. Interviewer: {NW} 888: And you know and put something into school. Interviewer: {NW} um Do you do you think uh do you think you talk different to different people? 888: No I don't I talk the the you know the same way I always talk and words the way words come out that's the way I talk. Interviewer: {NW} What I see I'm thinking like when you talk do you do you talk um different to you like your mother than you would talk to oh say your friends? 888: Yes I'll talk I talk different from from you know from what I would talk to my friends because some of the things I would tell my mother you know it would be more respectful than I would tell my friends. Interviewer: {NW} What for? What do you mean? 888: What do I mean? Interviewer: {NW} 888: Well something like you know that a grown-up you know that you don't want to hear you don't want to say it because it may not be nice to hear from a grown up I mean to hear for with a grown-up want to hear, so I would say something you know that that you know uptight if I were to say it around my mother so I would keep it to myself and tell my friend because me and him is friends and she's an adult. Interviewer: {NW} well um what about not so much what you talk about but just sort of the way you'd say something? 888: {NW} Interviewer: Do you know if that if that'd be different when you talk to your mother from the way you talk to your friends? 888: Well I have more respect for my mother and for my friend you don't you know your friend know that you have respect for him but the things you say you know that don't mean you don't have respect for him but some of the things you say you know that you know like I would say something like this I you know I tell my mother that I might be coming in about 12 o-clock. and I tell my friend I say I might come we might come in about 2 o clock so that's something that you don't want your mother to hear. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 888: #2 {NW} # #1 right # Interviewer: #2 right # {NW} 888: Yeah. That's what I mean you know Interviewer: uh what about um you think you talk different to people that you don't know as well you know like a stranger say a new kid at school? #1 Do you talk different to somebody like that than you do for # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: somebody to somebody that's good friends? 888: yes I would I would talk different because I would you know {NW} you know I would #1 try to be myself # Interviewer: #2 wait # okay now what? 888: I would talk differently between a person that I didn't know because a friend the dude that I didn't know you know might don't have the same attitude that I have Interviewer: Yeah 888: so I would you know take it I would come up to him and say my name you know get introduced to each other and you know be you be a friend and nothing else don't try to show yourself off to him. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 888: #2 because # that's what nobody you know nobody wants a show off friend to try to show off you know? you just go your usual way and have respect for your first when you first meet him. After you met him and took some you know got to know each other and you had a dinner together or you know really had a good down talk good rap session or something like that then that's the way you know you'll have a talk and you want to say anything that you could say anything you want to then. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: But don't try to go and {NW} impress your friend by trying to get in from your friend. that's what I mean but I would talk different because I would show him that I have you know respect for him by meeting him. I wouldn't show off or nothing. Interviewer: {NW} okay. um What do you think about the way they teach English in school I mean um do you do you think that you talk you know the way that they teach English? Or not? 888: No I don't I don't talk the way they teach English because one reason you know I just got my same you know same you know speech pattern because you know even some people can change it and some can't. I might say a few words that's not right for English but that's the way I pronounce them you know and I try to change in ways and habit I can change it you know but you know sometimes I just can't change it. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: Like I might say uh he did this you know that's not somebody might say that's not how you you know you shouldn't say that because that's not the right English you're supposed to say. Interviewer: {NW} 888: And they might say who's your English teacher you know or you know you just tell them you know you got an English teacher but your English teacher she's trying to give you an education but that don't mean you know she you know go wrong sometimes. You know everybody makes mistakes you know saying something. Interviewer: Yeah well do uh tell me this what about the English teacher do you think do you think she makes mistakes? 888: Yes she makes mistakes but the mistakes she makes {NW} costs her because she's getting paid for it but the children when the children tell her that you know it's gonna it might hurt her but you know because she done had her education and we're trying to get our education. Interviewer: {NW} 888: and I wouldn't say I don't see too many teachers making them mistakes because they had you know they know what to say and stuff. #1 And they # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 888: had speech patterns how to say things Interviewer: have you had black English teachers or white English teachers? Or both? 888: Well uh have I ever heard have I had a ever had a black English teacher? Interviewer: {NW} 888: No I never had a black English teacher. Interviewer: They were all white? 888: uh some white and some Mexican. Interviewer: {NW} tell me okay between the white ones and the Mexican uh are they different? Do they kind of you know they sort of teach different ways? 888: #1 uh they do # Interviewer: #2 the Mexican? # 888: they do teach different I had an English teacher this year and she didn't never try to you know she didn't we didn't really go over English you know we went over English but she didn't try to teach you how to talk because some of the words they don't pronounce you know they don't try to learn you how to talk in English they try to you know give you work in English to in book work you know they don't never learn you how to talk you know they just tell you how to tell you what to do in lessons and stuff like that. And the teacher I did have this year I didn't dig her too much because you know if you try in school people should you know you don't want nothing given to you but they should at least pass you because you tried. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And this teacher she wouldn't you know she'll fail a lot of people cause she didn't like I guess I don't know I guess she's prejudice or something. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: And that's all I can say. Interviewer: Was she white? 888: Huh? Interviewer: Was she white? 888: I said I guess she's prejudice Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 888: #2 what you mean # Interviewer: Was she white or was she Mexican? 888: Oh she was white. Interviewer: {NW} Okay um 888: I never did have a black English teacher. Interviewer: Hmm that's funny It seems like you would have learned {D: to a black} in somewhere 888: Yeah this all I we had a black substitute but not no black English teacher. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: #1 You'll see # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 888: some but you know I never had none. Interviewer: {NW} Yeah 888: I guess I'm unlucky sometimes. Interviewer: {NW} Okay you might not believe this um would you count from one to twenty for me? Slowly. A fair count real slow. 888: {NW} One to twenty? Interviewer: {NW} 888: {NW} Interviewer: It's not to see if you can count. I know you can count. Just to see how you pronounce it. 888: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty. Interviewer: Okay and three times nine is what? 888: Three times nine? Interviewer: {NW} 888: {NW} Timetables now twenty seven? Interviewer: Okay uh Three times ten is 888: Thirty. Interviewer: Okay and four times ten. 888: Forty. Interviewer: Okay and ten times ten is 888: Seven times ten is seventy. Interviewer: Okay and ten times ten? 888: One hundred. Interviewer: and ten times a hundred? 888: Ten times a hundred? Ten times a hundred? Interviewer: {NW} 888: Two hundred I guess. Interviewer: No what's just what's just the next bigger after a hundred there 888: Oh Interviewer: After hundreds there are 888: Thousand? Interviewer: Huh? 888: Thousand? Interviewer: okay and then after thousand there's 888: Millions? Interviewer: okay um okay say there was a line of people you know line waiting in line and the last guy in line was the eleventh person. 888: {NW} Interviewer: So the guy in front of him would be the 888: Twelfth. Interviewer: uh in front of him. 888: Oh. Interviewer: The other way, he'd 888: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 be # 888: eleventh? Interviewer: Okay the eleventh and then the 888: Twelfth. Interviewer: No I'm okay go backwards. 888: the eleventh and then the tenth then the ninth then the eighth then the seventh then the sixth then the fifth then the fourth then the third then the second then the first. Interviewer: Okay okay uh let's see sometimes you feel like good might come just a little bit at a time but bad luck comes all what? 888: Um all bad luck comes sometimes. Interviewer: Okay but it comes all at 888: One time. #1 one time # Interviewer: #2 okay or another way of saying # saying one time would be all at 888: One time. Interviewer: Another way of saying it. 888: uh bad luck would come at Interviewer: all at 888: at a time Interviewer: Just one word. 888: It what good luck would come. Interviewer: All at 888: Sometimes. Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 888: #2 all the time # Interviewer: okay uh if you if you go to town two times a week you'd say you go what a week? 888: I go to town two two times a week. Interviewer: Okay two times a week ago would be the same as saying 888: I go to town two every week. Interviewer: Okay or uh {NW} {NS} okay say you got uh say you got paid ten dollars for some job okay? 888: {NW} Interviewer: And then the next year you did it you got twenty dollars. And so you say the second year I got paid what as much? 888: Twice as much. Interviewer: Okay now okay if you go to town twice a week but if you just went one time you'd say you only went 888: Once a week. Interviewer: what? 888: Once a week. Interviewer: Okay uh would you name the months of the year? 888: What do you months of the year? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: uh October November December February June July August September Interviewer: #1 okay # 888: #2 June # Interviewer: um 888: March April Interviewer: What what's the first month in a year? 888: October. Interviewer: Um. 888: Oh the first month? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: September. Interviewer: {NW} New year's day comes on what the first? Comes right after December? 888: New Year's day? Interviewer: Yeah 888: um let's see when is New Year's day? Interviewer: Jan 888: January? Interviewer: Okay okay and uh let's see you know when Texas independence day is? 888: Texas independence day? Interviewer: Yeah. 888: No. Interviewer: Okay uh what's right before June? the month right before June? 888: The month before June? Interviewer: {NW} 888: {NW} I get these months always changed {X} Interviewer: I I get them mixed up too. 888: Okay uh May May. Interviewer: Okay And right before May comes 888: March. Interviewer: Okay uh and there's another one in there it starts with an A. 888: Oh April I mean April. Interviewer: #1 okay # 888: #2 April comes before # Interviewer: Okay um let's see I can't remember if you said next month's what's next month? 888: After April? Interviewer: no I mean okay this is July right? 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 okay so then # 888: #2 August # Interviewer: What? 888: August. Interviewer: Okay uh I think that gets them all okay and and just name the days of the week for me. 888: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday and Friday. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 888: #2 Saturday # Interviewer: go back by that slow again. 888: Oh Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Interviewer: Okay and what's the sabbath? What do you what is the sabbath? 888: The what? Interviewer: Sabbath? You know that word? 888: Sabbath no. Interviewer: okay. um If you meet something somebody about eleven oh clock in the daytime you know you you'd say what? 888: Eleven oh clock in the day? Interviewer: uh Yeah. Just to say hello you'd say 888: Good morning. Interviewer: Okay and uh 888: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the part of the day after you've stopped saying good morning? 888: Good evening. Interviewer: Okay. #1 uh # 888: #2 good night # Interviewer: When does evening start? 888: When does evening start? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 888: I'll say around about twelve. Interviewer: At noon? 888: No twelve in twelve in in the day. Interviewer: At okay when you eat lunch is that? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. 888: {NW} Interviewer: uh Okay how long does evening how {NS} long does evening last? 888: How long does evening last? Interviewer: Yeah lasts until when? 888: I'd say about six oh clock. Interviewer: Okay. And then after after evening you have what? 888: Night night time. Interviewer: Okay. That starts about six oh clock? 888: Yes. Interviewer: #1 okay. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 um # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 what would you say # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 if you're saying goodbye # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 if you leave somebody's house after dark? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 888: #1 What would I say? # Auxiliary: #2 {NS} # 888: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 {NS} # 888: #1 Goodnight. # Auxiliary: #2 {NS} # 888: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 {NS} # 888: #1 Goodnight. # Auxiliary: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 Okay. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 would you ever say that if you were saying hello? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 um # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 if you started to work before # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: daylight you say we started to work before sun {X} 888: Sunrise. Interviewer: Okay and okay um and when the sun goes down you'd call it sun 888: Set. Interviewer: Okay uh will you say the whole word? 888: Sundown sunset or sundown. Interviewer: Okay. um You might say we got to work a little late this morning because the sun had already 888: Came up? Interviewer: Okay and um Yesterday it what? A bout the same time? 888: Came up the same time? Interviewer: Okay um another word for come up would be 888: Rised up. Interviewer: okay okay and let's see let's try another um you say this morning we got up the sun had already {X} 888: Sunrise. Interviewer: I mean the sun had already what what'd you say before you said rised up 888: Sunset. Interviewer: Okay you said rised up though right? 888: Yes. Interviewer: Okay so if you were gonna use that expression or that kind of expression that sentence you'd say the sun had already what? 888: Rose up? Interviewer: Okay uh and yesterday it about the same time? 888: Rised up. Interviewer: Okay and the sun this morning I saw the sun 888: Rise up. Interviewer: Okay uh let's see okay today is Wednesday 888: #1 Right. # Interviewer: #2 right? # Okay so uh Tuesday would be 888: Wednes- what you mean #1 Tuesday # Interviewer: #2 I mean # Okay Wednesday is today 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: S o Tuesday is 888: Tuesday? Interviewer: Well yeah but 888: What comes after Tuesday? Interviewer: No what uh it the day before today would be no matter what day it was you'd say it was 888: Oh Wednesday? Interviewer: Okay Thursday uh Thursday is what? 888: Thursday is Thursday. Interviewer: Okay but um 888: is a day Thursday is a day {NS} Interviewer: Okay Thursday um Wednesday is today. 888: {NW} Interviewer: Thursday is 888: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay Tuesday was 888: Tomorrow. Yesterday. Interviewer: Alright. that's alright uh okay if somebody came #1 If somebody came to see you # Auxiliary: #2 Five oh clock # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 and it wasn't # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 it didn't # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 they came on a Sunday but it wasn't last Sunday # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: It's the Sunday before? 888: {NW} Interviewer: You'd say they came when? 888: Last Sunday. Interviewer: Okay but I think you meant three days ago you don't mean that you mean a week before that. 888: Oh {X} Interviewer: #1 so you'd say they came # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 888: #1 The week before # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: Sunday. Interviewer: What? 888: The the last week Interviewer: #1 before Sunday. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: {NW} could you say that again? 888: The week {X} wait let me see the week before Auxiliary: #1 Sunday? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 they're not # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: Three days {NS} three days late three days after Sunday? Interviewer: #1 no. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 They came on Sunday. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: {NW} Interviewer: #1 They're not last Sunday # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 but the Sunday before that. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 Sunday before # Interviewer: #2 so how # would you tell me that? 888: They came Sunday before that Interviewer: #1 Sunday before what? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: They came Sunday before #1 I don't understand that # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: How how would you say You have to tell me somehow or the other. 888: {NW} They came Sunday before last Sunday? Interviewer: Okay okay uh okay now if somebody was coming #1 Not next Sunday # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 but the Sunday after that # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 Oh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: How would you tell me that? 888: They came Sunday before the Interviewer: No they're gonna come. 888: oh Interviewer: They haven't come yet. 888: They came Saturday before the last Sunday? Interviewer: No no no okay let's get this straight okay. Okay they're going to come they haven't come come yet okay? 888: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 alright. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And they're gonna come on Sunday. 888: {NW} Interviewer: but they're not coming next Sunday. 888: #1 Oh they just # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: They coming this Sunday but not next Sunday. Interviewer: {NW} They're coming okay in in another 888: oh they come go ahead. Interviewer: What? In another what? Three or four days it's going to be Sunday right? 888: {NW} Interviewer: Alright. Well they're not coming in three or four days. They're coming in like eleven days. 888: {NW} Interviewer: See what I mean? see they're not coming next Sunday they're coming the one after that. 888: #1 They not coming this Sunday but they coming the # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 next Sunday. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 is there another way you say that? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 888: They coming the Sunday before next Sunday. {X} Interviewer: #1 okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: Hey cut that out boy {NS} Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: #1 uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: If somebody stayed from about the first of the month to about the fifteenth of the month #1 you'd say they stayed about # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: how long? Auxiliary: {X} 888: You say if they came for the first of the month to the fifteenth of the month? Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's how long they stayed. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 From the first to the fifteenth. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: How many weeks? {X} Interviewer: Yeah how long would you say that was? 888: Three weeks. Interviewer: #1 okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 if you wanted to know what # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 if you wanted to know the time # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 how would you ask somebody? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 What time do you got? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What? 888: #1 What time is it? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What would you say again? 888: Huh? Interviewer: If you want to know the time you'd say 888: #1 I'd say what time is it right now. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 you have the time # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 um # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 okay if it is # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 okay nineteen # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 nineteen seventy-four was last year # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 nineteen seventy-four # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 was last year # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 and nineteen seventy five is # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: This year. Interviewer: #1 okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 and um # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 if a kid has just had his third birthday you'd say he is # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 how old? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: Three years old. Interviewer: Okay and if something happened on this day {NS} last year you say it happened exactly 888: The same year. Interviewer: No not it happened last year. 888: Oh it happened last year? Interviewer: On this day. So you say it happened exactly 888: The same day {C: Reduced audio quality in previous line} #1 The same year day # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Okay the same day but how would you let me know that it you know was last year? 888: How would I let you know it was the same same Interviewer: It was last year. 888: #1 it happened the same year before # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 before last? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # 888: It happened the same year before last. Interviewer: Is that how you say it? 888: #1 I just say I'm talking about # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: It happened the #1 the # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 before # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 the year before last # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Okay the year before last would be # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 when # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 how many # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: Let's start over on this. #1 Try to ignore them # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 okay if something happened # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: This is July the 23rd. okay if something uh happened July 23rd last year you'd say it happened exactly a {X} 888: The same day and the same year Interviewer: #1 okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 you might look up at the # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 sky # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 and say # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 I don't like the look of those black # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: Clouds. Interviewer: #1 okay # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 and uh # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 okay and # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 you look up at the # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 # Interviewer: #1 at the sky in the morning and it's a clear sky # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 you know everything # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 no clouds # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 you'd say # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 well I believe we're going to have a # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: Nice day today. Interviewer: Okay and if it's an opposite kind of day and it there's lots of clouds and you'd say well I bet we're going to have a 888: Beautiful day. Interviewer: #1 no # 888: #2 oh what'd you say what # Interviewer: opposite kind of day. 888: Oh a bad day. Interviewer: #1 okay # 888: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: um {NS} if you'd been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite a 888: While. Interviewer: Huh? 888: Quite a while. Interviewer: Okay um okay the midway between ten oh clock and eleven oh clock you'd say it's 888: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 midway between eleven oh clock and what? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 between ten oh clock and eleven oh clock. # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: Oh it's almost Interviewer: So it's exactly midway. 888: #1 mid it's almost # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: #1 {NW} # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: it's between midway it's almost you said between ten oh clock and eleven oh clock. Interviewer: Yeah. 888: and halfway half an hour till eleven oh clock. {X} Interviewer: Okay how would you say that? 888: It's thirty minutes 'til eleven oh clock. Interviewer: okay. And another way of saying it might be half 888: Past past eleven. Interviewer: Okay would you say the whole thing? 888: Half past eleven. Interviewer: okay and then if it was fifteen minutes later you'd say it 888: fifteen minutes past eleven oh clock. Interviewer: uh it's fifteen minutes later than eleven thirty. 888: oh. it's fifteen minutes before it's after eleven thirty? Interviewer: Yeah after eleven thirty. 888: oh fifteen fifteen minutes after eleven thirty. Interviewer: okay but you probably wouldn't say it that way. You'd probably tell me something else 888: um it's forty minutes forty-five minutes after eleven thirty Interviewer: after what? 888: eleven thirty Interviewer: forty-five minutes after 888: Fifteen minutes after eleven thirty. Interviewer: okay okay but probably you wouldn't say that if it you know if the clock was like so so when you go is going like this well that's not a very good picture okay okay there's eleven thirty right here #1 okay # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and as it moves all around another fifteen minutes you'd probably say it's 888: Half oh half past eleven thirty. Interviewer: {NW} okay or 888: Fifteen minutes past eleven thirty. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say a quarter? anything? 888: Oh quarter 'til eleven thirty Interviewer: okay a quarter till 888: eleven Interviewer: okay yup okay um let's see Auxiliary: {X} no Interviewer: uh okay say that the it's been a nice day you know but the clouds they're beginning to get thicker and thicker and thicker and you look like it it looks like it might rain but you know it it's getting thicker the clouds are getting worse and worse and you'd say gosh the weather is Really getting badder 888: okay and uh if it's just the opposite you'd say the weather is Interviewer: Getting real good 888: Okay Interviewer: Getting 888: Or another way of saying that might be Interviewer: getting sunshine? 888: {NW} and it would you know happen gradually the clouds were beginning to go away you'd say the weather is Interviewer: Clearing up. okay uh if if you get a real heavy rain say you've had about an inch of rain in an hour 888: {NW} Interviewer: you'd say you had a real Auxiliary: {NW} 888: Shower. Interviewer: okay or anything else you might use? 888: uh sprinkle? Interviewer: uh but hard. Real hard. 888: oh. If it really rained or what? Is it just shower {NS} Interviewer: rained hard. 888: Oh it really poured down hard. Interviewer: Okay. uh okay suppose there's a lot of lightning so on with the wind and the #1 rain you'd say that was a what? # Auxiliary: #2 {X} # 888: Bad storm. Interviewer: Okay or any certain other kind of storm? 888: well no Interviewer: okay um you might say okay say you had some uh but you had some clothes up on the line out you know out drying on the line and you came out and they weren't there you'd say well the wind must have 888: Blowed them off. Interviewer: okay and uh {NS} uh I'll hang them back up and I hope the wind will not 888: Blow them off Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh yesterday the wind 888: Blew them off. Interviewer: What? 888: Blew them off. Interviewer: okay um okay so wind is coming okay uh let's see what direction is that? 888: uh Interviewer: Approximately? 888: Where? Interviewer: That way. 888: This going this way? Interviewer: Yeah 888: South Interviewer: okay if the wind's coming from that direction you'd say the wind is what? 888: Coming south Interviewer: What? 888: Coming from south. Interviewer: okay um a wind halfway between the south and the west you'd call a 888: Between the south and the west? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I guess the wind I'd call it the even even wind storm I guess Interviewer: okay but uh does it have a what if it came between the south and the east? What would you call it? 888: I just say just coming from the east and the south that's all Interviewer: okay and what if it came between the north the Yeah the north and the east? 888: North and the east? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 888: I just say it's coming from both directions. Interviewer: Okay what about the north and the west? #1 Same thing? # 888: #2 {D: Both directions eah.} # Interviewer: Okay. um if it's raining but it's not raining very hard you know just barely raining? 888: Yeah Interviewer: you'd say it what 888: Just a sprinkle. Interviewer: Okay 888: Shower. Interviewer: And if it's a little lighter than a sprinkle what would that be? 888: Drizzle. Interviewer: Okay and heavier than a sprinkle would be a what? 888: Pour. Interviewer: What? 888: Pour down. Interviewer: okay um Okay something lighter than a drizzle you know where the drops drops just kind of hang in the air you know you look out and maybe can hardly see across the street what would you call that? Auxiliary: {X} 888: Repeat that again? Interviewer: A few of the droplets little bitty drops of water just tend to kind of hang in the air. {X} It's like you're in a cloud. 888: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call that? 888: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay one word is mist but another one might be what? 888: Drops? Interviewer: Okay sometimes you hear it on the weather report they hear they say they caution drivers because they say well there's there's going to be a lot of {NW} out this morning so you know you better be careful because you can't see when you're driving in it. 888: Fog. Interviewer: What? 888: Fog. Interviewer: Okay and if there's a lot of fog out that day you say this is a real {NW} day. 888: Messy day. Interviewer: uh Use the same word. 888: Foggy day. Interviewer: Okay. um Okay if you if we don't get any rain for a long long long time you say we've having a 888: {NW} uh Dry weather. Interviewer: Okay any other words you might use? 888: uh Hot weather. Interviewer: okay um {NW} If the wind if the wind has been real gentle and especially getting harder and harder and harder you'd say the wind is 888: The wind is harder. Interviewer: Okay or it's beginning to 888: Get harder. Interviewer: Okay and if the wind has been blowing real hard all day but it's gradually getting easier and easier and softer and softer you'd say 888: The wind is clearing up little by little. Interviewer: The wind is what? 888: Clearing up little by little. Interviewer: Okay um if you got out in the morning and you find it's cold but it doesn't feel bad you know it feels kind of good #1 this kind of cold. # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You'd say gee this morning is kind of 888: Cool. Interviewer: Okay um if it was cold enough {X} last night to kill the tomatoes and the flowers you'd say last night we had a 888: Bad frost. Interviewer: Okay and um you might say it was so cold last night that the lake 888: Froze. Interviewer: Okay and if it gets much colder the river might 888: Freeze. Interviewer: Okay and it had what before I got there? 888: Frozen before I got there. Interviewer: It what? 888: {NW} Frozen before I got there. Interviewer: Okay. uh speaking of rooms how tall they are the height you know you'd say oh most rooms are about eight 888: Feet. Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: okay um I might say did you {NW} that noise? 888: Did I did I hear that noise. Interviewer: Okay and you might say yeah I 888: Heard that noise. Interviewer: Okay and you might say but I'm not scared because I have 888: Heard it. Interviewer: Okay um I might ask you if you know a person and you might say no I don't know him but I have 888: Seen him. Interviewer: Okay or I've 888: Heard him. Interviewer: Okay and um say a friend came to town and somebody else you know saw him and and uh they saw you and they said hey have you seen old so and so yet and you'd say no I 888: I didn't. Interviewer: What? 888: Didn't I didn't Interviewer: okay {NS} and uh {NS} they might say well has your brother seen him yet and you'd say no he 888: Didn't. Interviewer: Okay and uh I might say does your brother like ice cream and you'd say yeah he 888: He do. Interviewer: Okay and uh I might say you don't smoke cigars but he 888: Does. Interviewer: Okay um you might uh give somebody a choice of something and if he would take either one he would tell you he {NW} which one you give him. {NS} 888: I would give him I would give him the other one? Interviewer: No {NS} okay you give somebody his choice 888: {NW} Interviewer: and he said ah give me either one I 888: Don't care. Interviewer: Okay um Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: uh if I asked you um when are you going to I don't know say you were say you're going to Houston today okay #1 and I'll say # 888: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: when are you going and you'd say I 888: I'm going the next day. Interviewer: Okay. and if I went with you you'd say 888: You're going the next day too. Interviewer: Okay or another word for the two of us you'd say 888: We're going we're going the next day. Interviewer: Okay and if they're going you'd say 888: They're going the next day Interviewer: Okay um I might uh if if somebody Okay if a kid was just learning to dress himself the mother brings him the clothes and says here what? 888: Here you go. Interviewer: Okay or something your clothes. 888: Put on your clothes. Interviewer: Okay uh Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: If you came in and gave somebody some cake 888: {NW} Interviewer: you didn't give me any {NS} I might say well {NW} get any 888: Well you didn't give you didn't give me none. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 888: #2 You didn't give me none. # Interviewer: or uh I might ask you a question I might say um something didn't get any? 888: It's uh is it is I'm going to get any? Interviewer: What 888: Is I'm going to get any? Interviewer: Okay um {NS} I might ask you if you think uh certain person is going to be elected okay and you'd say no I don't 888: Think s- Interviewer: Think so but something something many people who don't who do think so. 888: {NW} Interviewer: What would you put? 888: I don't think you should vote on him or what Interviewer: do you um You might tell a boy send your dog over here I just want to pet him I 888: I um Interviewer: I something hurt going to hurt him 888: I'm not going to hurt him? Interviewer: Okay um Say you have an argument with somebody you want me to agree with you you want me to take your side. 888: {NW} Interviewer: You might turn to me and say well I am right 888: Ain't I? Interviewer: Okay and uh if somebody thanked you for a ride into town you might say aw don't mention it we {NW} going in anyway. 888: Don't mention it we was still going in anyway. Interviewer: Okay um if you were talking about the good old days everything used to be better and you know all that you'd say {NW} the good old days 888: Oh the good old days. Interviewer: Okay uh anything else? Nothing? 888: Those good old days? Interviewer: Okay um I just can't I might say think did you just slam that door and you'd say no it {NW} 888: Slammed itself. Interviewer: No or no it {NW} 888: No I didn't. Interviewer: Okay or another way of saying the very same thing you say no it 888: Slammed itself. Interviewer: #1 no we're not talking about the door we're talking about you # 888: #2 no # Oh. Interviewer: Talking about yourself no it 888: I slammed it. Interviewer: It {NW} 888: Slammed itself. Interviewer: Me or I. 888: it slammed itself Interviewer: #1 okay uh # 888: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Could you say it wasn't me or Auxiliary: {X} Interviewer: #1 it wasn't I or # 888: #2 oh # me um No I didn't slam the door. Interviewer: Okay which if you had to choose between it wasn't me and it wasn't I which one would you choose? 888: It wasn't I. Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: your name? 893: {B} Interviewer: How do you spell that? 893: {B} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are you married? 893: Yes. Interviewer: What was your maiden name? 893: {B} Interviewer: {NW} and your address? 893: {B} Interviewer: and the name of this community? 893: {NS} that's uh in Laredo Texas Interviewer: Okay and the county? 893: Webb Interviewer: and where were you born? 893: here in Laredo {NS} Interviewer: and your occupation? 893: Senior aid Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you do here exactly? Do you type or? 893: No, I don't type I uh uh help with a office work that is uh taking applications and uh filing and uh making out the time cards for the other enrollees #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: well things like that that have to be done here in the office that uh don't require any typing Interviewer: uh-huh what's what's the name of this program? 893: that's the senior community service aides Interviewer: uh-huh what different things does this project do? 893: well it's a a project for uh senior citizens that is uh people that are fifty-five years or older Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and the purpose of the program is to be able to uh uh place them in a permanent job Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: where they can uh where they won't be a a public uh you know where they don't have to go to public assistance or anything #1 like that # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: where where they can do for themselves Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: earn their own money to support their families or support themselves without any public assistance Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and the purpose is to uh train them while they are in the project and then place them in uh uh permanent uh I mean within a a particular well not particular but {NW} I I get all mixed up with my English and Spanish {NW} I think I think on one and uh try to say it in the other language {NW} um my goodness well with some business firm with some other uh other uh place that won't uh that won't be the project cause the project isn't anything permanent Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 and # that is the the purpose or the goal so that uh when there is no more any more project while the the person will still be #1 earning # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # do you um do you deal mainly with with Mexican people? #1 {X} # 893: #2 well yes # yes uh uh all of us are uh are Mexicans Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: there's only one enrollee Mr Harris but he was born in Mexico #1 he's he's Anglo # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: he was born in Mexico Interviewer: mm-hmm uh how old are you? 893: fifty-eight Interviewer: and your religion? 893: I'm a protestant Interviewer: well that's unusual here 893: {NW} yes it is Interviewer: um tell me about your education the name of the first school you went to 893: Well I didn't have a very much education what I had what little I have learned mostly I've learned the hard way Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: I went to school here in Laredo and in San Diego Texas Interviewer: What was the name of the school? 893: um Mary Collins or uh something I don't remember really it's been so long ago Interviewer: uh-huh and here in Laredo? 893: and here in Laredo I went to uh to Central school and uh urban Interviewer: #1 urban school? # 893: #2 urban # yes ma'am Interviewer: U-R-B-A-N? 893: U-R-B-A-H-N Interviewer: uh-huh how long you go to Central School? 893: Well uh I couldn't tell you exactly how much time I I spent in in uh schools because I would go for uh say one or two years here and then I would go San Diego and attend school over there #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: there was that um I think their Central school and all together I went only about three years Interviewer: mm-hmm what about urban school? 893: urban I just finished my sixth grade there Interviewer: uh-huh why San Diego? you went to Mary Collins #1 school # 893: #2 I think # Interviewer: #1 school # 893: #2 that was uh # I think that that was the name I am not sure Interviewer: What kind of school was that? #1 was it # 893: #2 that's an # elementary yes public #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # How how far away is San Diego? 893: About eighty-five miles Interviewer: Was your family living there? 893: Well I had an aunt living there in fact uh uh her daughters or my cousins uh still live there Interviewer: uh-huh 893: they are teaching two of them are teachers Interviewer: mm-hmm how how long did you go to the school in San Diego? 893: Well I would say about uh {NS} about four years I yes all in all I would think it was four years and just like I told you before see maybe I would start school here {NW} then I would go and finish over there or I would start there and come finish here Interviewer: #1 that's the way it was you know it was # (no speaker): #2 what {NW} 893: in in going in between so that's why I attended school here and #1 and over there # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # why why were you moving to 893: Well because uh you see uh my father died before I was born then my mother died when I was two years old and I was raised by my grandmother Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and uh that aunt that lived in San Diego was her daughter Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and uh well okay so you know she wanted to go spend time with her daughter or the daughter wanted for her to #1 go spend some time with her # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # 893: and that's the way it was Interviewer: so so you traveled around 893: that's right {NW} Interviewer: oh have you ever lived outside of Laredo? do your 893: Well not very long Interviewer: uh-huh 893: no I would I wouldn't consider living out of Laredo I mean Interviewer: uh-huh 893: I I wouldn't say you know that I have lived out of Laredo because it was for such a short time Interviewer: uh-huh what about you were telling me yesterday you had had stayed in 893: #1 in uh Chicago? for a year yes # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: from April fifty-three to April fifty-four Interviewer: mm-hmm what were you doing up there? 893: I was working in a factory Interviewer: uh-huh is is there any other place that that you stayed for a few months? 893: well in uh Missouri around the Ozark mountains Interviewer: uh-huh 893: that's I lived there for about eight months Interviewer: what was what was the name of the city? 893: uh Rolla Rolla Missouri R-O double L-A Interviewer: what were you doing there? 893: I was uh living with uh my other husband cause this is my this is this is not the one I married the first time Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 {NW} # I was living he was in the in the service and he was stationed in uh Fort Leonard Wood Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} those the only other places besides Laredo 893: #1 no so # Interviewer: #2 lived in? # mm-hmm um have you been very active in in church or in clubs or 893: well I attend church although I am not active in their in all of their activities because of uh well now because of my age and because of lack of time #1 and # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: what have you maybe it's laziness I don't know {NW} Interviewer: have have you done much traveling um do you 893: no not much I've worked for the Laredo Theaters for about uh oh ten or twelve years and whenever I would uh have my vacations I'd go for a few days to Monterrey or #1 someplace # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: but uh no not not what you would call a extensive traveling Interviewer: mm-hmm Monterrey Mexico? 893: yes ma'am Interviewer: uh-huh uh what were you doing? you worked for the theaters? 893: yes ma'am Interviewer: doing? 893: well I was uh I did a little bit of everything because my um actual job was uh managing the concession stand Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: but then oh our manager decided to close up for the win- for winters Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: because there there was wasn't enough uh patronage so uh and he would change me around to the other theaters in town #1 and that's how I # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: I uh learned how to the duties of a door girl of a ticket uh girl of a uh purchasing merchandise and #1 things like that so # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 does it {X} # 893: thing that's right Interviewer: uh what other work have you done? besides working for the theater? 893: well uh way back in about nineteen fifty fifty-one that's when uh my other husband took off and left me with five small children Interviewer: mm 893: and I had to make a living for them Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and I used to work at a a packing shed where they would uh pack and grade vegetables Interviewer: mm-hmm here in Laredo? 893: #1 here in Laredo yes ma'am # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: with the Cropmen brothers Interviewer: mm-hmm anything else besides that? 893: no ma'am Interviewer: um tell me about your parents where they were born and 893: well my father as I said before uh I was uh my father died before I was born and my mother died when I was two so all I I can tell you is what I I've been told Interviewer: mm-hmm what what did you hear about them? 893: well uh nothing much just that uh my mother was uh a kind of person that uh whenever she did something it had to be just so it had to be right exactly the way it was supposed to be not the you know like sometimes we say uh Interviewer: well I'm gonna sew this dress just to take a stitch or two it so it won't come apart no she had to do it 893: very specially {NW} everything that she did was was had to be #1 perfect almost # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # you said uh yesterday she she wasn't born here in Laredo 893: no she was born I think I'm not sure whether it was uh {C: Spanish: Guerrero} or {C: Spanish: Oromir} but it's a little town in in the state of {C: Spanish: Tamaulipas} Interviewer: in the state of where? 893: {C: Spanish: Tamaulipas} Interviewer: #1 how how do you # 893: #2 T-A # M-A uh U-L-I-P-A-S Interviewer: and she moved here when 893: when she was about seven months old Interviewer: what about your father? where do you think he was born? 893: he was born in Corpus Interviewer: Corpus Christi? 893: Corpus Christi Texas yes ma'am Interviewer: did you uh ever hear anyone say how much education they had? would you know if they #1 could read or write # 893: #2 no I # I I couldn't tell you I'm sorry Interviewer: uh-huh what about the work that they did? 893: My mother was uh well since she was the baby of the family she never had to go out and work Interviewer: uh-huh 893: and uh well after she got married well in in during those times where it was not uh usual for a a housewife to #1 to work # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: So she just took care of us #1 she was just a housewife # Interviewer: #2 what about # uh-huh what about your father? 893: well I I don't know really I couldn't tell you Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: {NW} Interviewer: you never heard anyone say what work he did? 893: uh no ma'am I I never did we never did bring up uh you know that #1 subject at home # Interviewer: #2 yeah uh-huh # I guess you didn't um which you lived with your grandparents? 893: with my grandmother Interviewer: which? 893: yes Interviewer: #1 which grandparents? # 893: #2 my on my # mother's side maternal grandmother Interviewer: uh-huh tell me something about her where she was born and 893: oh well she was born in uh in {C: Spanish: Saltillo} {C: Spanish: Saltillo Coahuila} that's in Mexico Interviewer: {NW} 893: S-A-L-T-I double L-O uh C-O-A-H-U-I-L-A #1 C-O-A-H-U-I-L-A # Interviewer: #2 U # #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 {C: Spanish: Coahuila} # Interviewer: #1 # 893: #2 # Interviewer: what about her education? 893: no she uh she didn't have much education because uh well we've all always been very poor #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: uh well she worked hard uh before and after she was married that's what she used to tell me and uh she uh she decided that her children were not going to have it as hard as #1 as she did # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 893: and uh that aunt that I told you about that we would go stay with in San Diego she uh went to a Holding Institute she graduated from Holding Institute Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: she became a teacher and then uh my uh uncle who was her brother Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: uh was a paymaster for the Pullman Company #1 the the # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: you know rail road uh I don't know whether it still exists or not Interviewer: uh-huh 893: and my other uncle was a carpenter {NW} and then uh {D: mother} well she had five #1 there were two boys and three girls # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm 893: and uh my other aunt no she she never worked Interviewer: mm-hmm what sort of work did your grandmother do? 893: well just housework you know that was about the only thing that she knew uh what to do because uh {NW} Interviewer: #1 she couldn't have been # 893: #2 during # uh during that time you know when she was growing up while they there were not the advantages or facilities that there are now even when I was used to go to school we we never had this opportunities of uh going to college with a government loan or anything like that it was it was kinda hard Interviewer: was um what about your grandfather do you do you remember him? #1 or # 893: #2 no I don't # I really don't remember him Interviewer: #1 did did he die # 893: #2 no he died # when I was about four years old Interviewer: did would you know when he was born or 893: no I I'm sorry no I couldn't tell you I know it was some part of Mexico but uh I couldn't tell you the exact Interviewer: #1 well it it was Mexico? # 893: #2 uh uh town # yes it was Mexico yes Interviewer: um would you guess about his education would you say probably 893: well it was just a fair Interviewer: uh-huh what sort of work did he do? 893: he was a shoemaker Interviewer: where um what about going farther back? on your mother's side of the family do you know can can can you trace your ancestry? #1 back to Mexico? # 893: #2 mm # Interviewer: #1 # 893: #2 # No I got to know my great grandmother Interviewer: uh-huh 893: she died when she was eighty years old and I was about eight years old at the time Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: she was a very hard-working lady she was short and she was very good-looking not because she was my great grandmother but and uh she was very jolly Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: so was my grandmother in fact she died uh saying a joke because she she died of a heart attack Interviewer: uh-huh 893: and she was talking to some neighbors and uh they were laughing about the jokes and she you know that she made up or {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: what have you and uh she was always uh #1 in a good mood most of the time but not always most of the time she was # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # this is your your 893: #1 my my uh grandmother and my great grandmother both # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm uh-huh # where where was your great grandmother from? from Mexico? 893: from Mexico Interviewer: did let's see your um did I guess your your mother was an American citizen I suppose 893: #1 my mother no she was born in in {C: Spanish: Ciudad Guerrero} like I said but she was uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 she came to the United States or here to Laredo when she was seven months old # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # well what about your um your grandparents? did they live in the United States? 893: oh yes Interviewer: #1 were they were they citizens? # 893: #2 they they uh # uh no they were not citizens they never became united uh U-S citizens but they lived here for a long time Interviewer: uh-huh what about your great grandmother? did she moved into Laredo? 893: yes yes all of us uh uh have lived here for oh for years Interviewer: uh-huh 893: but I think uh well I think my great grandmother came with my grandmother when and my grandfather when uh when they came to to Laredo Interviewer: #1 {X} # 893: #2 so all of them # together Interviewer: I guess you have a lot of relatives still in Mexico though 893: well no uh to tell you the truth I only have a cousin who lives in Mexico city but other then that all of my my uh relatives are here in uh #1 somewhere in San Antonio California San Diego Texas uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 I have a cousin in Michigan and uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 we're all scattered over here in the United States # Interviewer: #2 oh # do you visit Mexico ever much? 893: uh no not anymore not anymore that uh ever since I quit uh working for the theaters I don't I don't have any vacations that my my trips to Mexico have have ended. Interviewer: but what about just going across the bridge? do you go 893: No not too often I don't go very often because I don't have any means of transportation and uh the only thing that uh I like to go years ago was because uh #1 things were cheaper there # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: uh at that time but not anymore things like the groceries and and things like that buy there are just about as as high as they are here Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: so it won't it'd just uh wouldn't pay to to go all the way over there and come loaded down with uh with big bags of groceries when you can buy them for the same price over here Interviewer: uh-huh um what about your grandparents on your father's side? #1 did did you know them # 893: #2 I # no I never knew them uh-uh Interviewer: did you know anything about them? where they were born? 893: #1 no I uh # Interviewer: #2 were they from Corpus Christi? # 893: I couldn't tell you no I'm sorry Interviewer: #1 you didn't know anything # 893: #2 no I didn't # #1 I never because uh well I uh I don't know things # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: you know that kinda thing that uh #1 when the son dies when they don't care about uh # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 893: whatever family he's left behind or anything {NS} so I never really uh got to know #1 any of them # Interviewer: #2 that's really unfortunate # 893: yes it is {NW} Interviewer: um was was your father uh Mexican? 893: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 do you # 893: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # He was from Corpus Christi but was #1 {X} # 893: #2 yes he was he # yes of Mexican descent uh-huh Interviewer: uh-huh 893: he was a U-S citizen but uh of Mexican descent Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: yes I've I've gone through a lot of hardships now I can say in my in my uh my later years I mean now that I'm I'm old or uh I I'm having it a little bit better thank God {NW} Interviewer: that's you did have your parents died 893: mm-hmm Interviewer: that's young um what about um you've been married twice? 893: yes Interviewer: um tell me about your your first husband where was he born? 893: well he always said that he would had been born in New York actually I I couldn't swear to that {NW} Interviewer: um was he Mexican? 893: no he was Anglo Interviewer: uh-huh um you were separated or divorced or #1 something # 893: #2 yes # we were divorced uh he left when in nineteen fifty-one Interviewer: uh-huh how old was he then? 893: then? Interviewer: uh-huh 893: at that time? he was about forty-five years old he's uh about seventy two now I think Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: yeah I guess no seventy one because he was born in nineteen three Interviewer: um what was his religion? 893: he didn't have any he didn't like any religion of any kind Interviewer: uh-huh what about his education? 893: no he didn't have much education he joined the uh the service when he was uh pretty young #1 and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: that's where he he acquired his education with them Interviewer: #1 he was always in the service? # 893: #2 and then # yes he was in the service for about twenty-three years Interviewer: in the army or? 893: #1 in the army # Interviewer: #2 mm # 893: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # um what about your your present husband? he's 893: he's uh a United States citizen but of Mexican descent also Interviewer: uh-huh how old is he? 893: he's uh fifty-five I'm older than he is #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 oh # what about his religion? 893: he's a uh well he claims he's a Catholic although he goes to uh to my church more often than he does uh Catholic church Interviewer: how how did you happen to be Catholic I mean to be protestant if you don't mind my asking you 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 it just seems # every everybody here seems to be Catholic 893: #1 um-hum # Interviewer: #2 I'm really # 893: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 surprised # 893: ever since I was a little girl my grandmother used to take me to the Methodist church services Interviewer: uh-huh 893: and I liked their hymns and I liked their sermons and I liked uh well everything you know that uh pertains to the protestant uh religion and I whenever I was in San Diego we used to go my cousins and I used to go the Catholic church Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: because there wasn't any protestant church at the time there Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and uh I learned a few uh uh well how to uh recite the rosary and uh you know prayers and uh good things that I learned from the Catholic church but then at that time the the mass was said in uh in Latin #1 and I didn't understand Latin # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 so then uh uh later I started going to to the protestant church again and uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: I enjoy it a whole lot more because I know what what is being said I know what goes on Interviewer: is it conducted in Spanish? 893: yes Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: do you go to the Methodist church or 893: no I go to the Baptist Interviewer: uh-huh 893: I go to the Baptist church Interviewer: um what about your husband's education? 893: well no he didn't have a chance to to be educated because uh his parents uh well at that time you know the the people thought that uh education was not very important Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and uh being that he's such a big man he was an overgrown uh overgrown child Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 while they # he was put to work Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and he started working when he was very young Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: so he didn't have any opportunity to to be educated Interviewer: mm-hmm is he able to read and write? 893: #1 oh yes he reads and writes and he # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: #1 understands uh English everything that you you'll speak to him in English he understands every word # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: but he cannot carry on a conversation Interviewer: mm-hmm what about um the work he does? what 893: he's uh a heavy equipment operator #1 with uh Webb County # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # is he very active in church or clubs or 893: uh no Interviewer: #1 does he drive # 893: #2 no # #1 no he's more of a homebody than than anything else # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # where are his parents from? do you {D: when they came to the United States or} 893: mm no I I couldn't tell you anything uh on his his uh about his family Interviewer: #1 are they all Mexican? # 893: #2 no I don't know # they are of Mexican descent yes yes uh-huh but uh I couldn't tell you whether they are uh {NS} #1 citizens United States citizens or or whatever # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # what was your uh mother's maiden name? 893: {B} Interviewer: uh-huh do you know about your great grandmother's? 893: her Interviewer: #1 maiden name no # 893: #2 maiden name # Interviewer: your grandmother's maiden 893: my grandmother's maiden name was {B} Interviewer: when did you learn English? which 893: when I was about seven years old uh we were staying with uh my aunt in San Diego and uh she thought well as I told you yesterday during my time when we started school when at the age of eight years and uh she thought that I would I would be better off if I started uh speaking English before I actually went to school so Interviewer: uh-huh 893: I was sent to uh well it was not a a private school in fact it uh this lady was a teacher and she was related to us Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and uh she was a distant cousin or something Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and uh you know uh she would teach me she taught me how to read and write and {NW} spell and little things like that like as if I were attending Kindergarten Interviewer: in English? 893: in English yes ma'am Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: how comfortable do you feel in English? which language do you like best? 893: well I like both but uh as I mentioned before I get all tangled up with {NW} with both of them because at times I think of something that I want to say and I think about it in English and I want to say it in Spanish or vice versa Interviewer: uh-huh 893: but I enjoy speaking both in fact uh I taught myself how to read Spanish Interviewer: #1 oh really? # 893: #2 and write Spanish # uh-huh my grandmother used to buy a um a newspaper that was called La Prensa from San Antonio she used to buy it on weekends on on uh Sundays and I used to get that paper and look it over and I wanted to find out what was what was on that paper Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: so I started putting my letters together and uh I uh well I made myself uh #1 uh understandable in when I write Spanish # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: #1 you know people know what I'm I'm trying to say or # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: or whatever Interviewer: when you're talking to your um to your friends do you speak only Spanish usually or do you speak a combination? 893: a combination of both Interviewer: This {D: Tex-Mex} 893: that's right uh-huh Interviewer: when you go to Mexico are are you able to speak just Spanish? {D: pretty you} 893: oh well yes there are a few uh a few persons who uh well now I don't know there maybe a whole lot more but then when I used to go there there were a quite a few persons who who know how to speak English Interviewer: mm-hmm so then you'd speak just a mixture? 893: #1 no I would # Interviewer: #2 Spanish and English # 893: I would use I would speak Spanish all the time Interviewer: uh-huh you're you're able to do that #1 {X} # 893: #2 yes uh-huh # yes Interviewer: what about um your husband he's more comfortable in Spanish? 893: oh yes uh-huh Interviewer: what about your um your grandmother I guess she was 893: well she didn't know how to speak English Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 no # uh-uh she understood a few words but uh I mean she she couldn't uh speak it Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 she # (no speaker): #2 what are 893: pardon Interviewer: go ahead 893: she could speak I mean she could read and write Spanish Interviewer: uh-huh 893: very well but uh no not not English I guess she never had the time Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: #1 to learn or the patience or whatever # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # what about most people? your age or most people living in your neighborhood you know that are your age which are they about like you? able to speak both English 893: #1 both and # Interviewer: #2 and Spanish # 893: Spanish yes in fact most of the enrollees that uh that are that belong to this uh project most of them are able to speak both languages Interviewer: as as well as you are? {X} are they as comfortable in English as? 893: yes I think they are yes I I've never carried on a conversation in English Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 with them but # but I guess it's alright with them {NW} Interviewer: what about the older generation they're more Spanish than than English 893: than English well uh I have these cousins that I was telling you about who live in San Diego one of them is a counselor and the other one is a teacher and she #1 majored in in Spanish cause she loves the Spanish language # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm 893: she went to Mexico when oh when she was a young girl when she was just came out of school #1 she # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: went to Mexico and she just fell in love with the correct Spanish language so she she took it up and uh she majored in it and she speaks uh very very good Spanish I mean the perfect Spanish Interviewer: mm-hmm people don't speak the correct Spanish here? 893: no not here uh-uh we use uh well words that are not uh well that are not the the correct ones in Spanish although it's you know it's generally used generally spoken that way Interviewer: uh-huh 893: but not the what you would call the the perfect Spanish Interviewer: uh-huh if if you went to Mexico City now um would people and you're talking to people there would they sort of laugh at you and say she's from 893: #1 uh no they they would know yes they would know that I'm that I was from that I'm from Texas # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: #1 yes they they they know the difference the same as # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: #1 from uh with uh us with people that come from Mexico # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: #1 they they take them right away by their uh appearance or by their # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: accent or the some of them have a kind of a singsong #1 uh dialect or whatever you call it to their to their uh speaking # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # yeah that's what some of us was telling me this morning 893: mm-hmm Interviewer: but but I think they'd treat you though would they would they just say you sound different or would they say 893: #1 no I guess # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: #1 I guess they would just go along and uh just ask me you know if if I # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: lived here in Texas or where I was Interviewer: #1 but would they accept you? # 893: #2 from # oh yes uh-huh yes there's no discrimination in Mexico Interviewer: uh-huh is there any discrimination here? 893: well not here in Laredo but uh in other parts of uh of Texas and uh farther #1 north I believe there there there is # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # what about in San Diego? 893: #1 oh no San Diego is just a little little town and uh everybody knows everybody else and uh # Interviewer: #2 do you mm-hmm # mm-hmm 893: their people over there are friendly and uh very easy to get along with Interviewer: is that on the border 893: San Diego no it's a Interviewer: #1 you said that {X} uh-huh # 893: #2 Do you know where about eighty-five miles from here yeah uh-huh # #1 you know where Freer is don't you? # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: well it's right next to Freer Interviewer: oh I see so it's it's not it's closer to this county than it's 893: yes it's uh #1 well I believe it's Duval county and and # Interviewer: #2 Duval county # 893: #1 and then Webb I don't know how it works but it's not too far away # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm um how do what about the younger generation are they more how's their lang- what's their language like? do they it is better in English and worse in Spanish or? 893: #1 well uh no now now that uh it's compulsory that they take Spanish # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: I have a granddaughter who's uh thirteen years old Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and she sometimes corrects me and my Spanish and she loves Spanish she goes to Holding Institute also Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 and uh # Being that in Holding most of the students are from some parts of Mexico Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and uh she gets along very well with 'em and she has uh learned better Spanish than #1 than I ever spoke # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Where is Holding Institute? 893: it's uh oh on the north side of side of uh of town Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm oh so it's {X} # 893: #2 it's uh yes it's here in Laredo uh-huh # uh you know where Woolco department store is don't you? Interviewer: I think so 893: well it's farther down from Woolco Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and then you take uh little roll to your left there's it's a very good school Interviewer: #1 do a lot of students from Mexico go to school in the United States? # 893: #2 oh yes mm-hmm # yes a lot of uh a lot of the uh students from Mexico in fact attend uh um Holding Institute and they're a type of Christians so it's a Catholic school and uh {C: Spanish:San Augustin} that's another Catholic school and uh yes we have a quite a bit of uh of uh students from Mexico come to to uh Laredo to to study Interviewer: mm do you think um Laredo and the Mexican Laredo are are they pretty much the the same? to me it seems like it was sort of like one community you know I mean it seemed like people here had friends just across the border 893: #1 oh yes mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 people go back and forth does it it does it seem that way to you? # 893: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: yes uh-huh and in fact I have a a daughter who's married to uh a boy who's who's uh well he is a a citizen a United States citizen except he was born in Mexico Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and um he has an aunt who lives across the river in the other Laredo Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: #1 and uh once in awhile we go visit her uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 two or three times a month or so maybe # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: not quite so often at times but uh yes people just as much as uh they come from from Nuevo Laredo here just as much as people from here go over there maybe to uh #1 you know some people just like to go have dinner over there because of their # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: well they their meals are are very very rich and very tasty {NS} and uh Interviewer: you sound like their 893: yes I sure do #1 I I like Mexican food very much # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # they don't have as good Mexican food here? 893: well the places that I've uh I've visited sometimes and I've asked for Mexican food well no uh-uh I think I prefer it a whole lot better at home {NW} Interviewer: um you you said you've moved around um to San Diego a lot when you were a child what uh when you were living here in Laredo did did you move much in Laredo? or 893: #1 no no ever since I uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: I came out of school that was uh I mean well I I had to quit school in nineteen twenty-nine #1 and ever since then I # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: I'd stay put Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: with the exception of uh that time that I'd tell you that I went to Chicago in fifty-three and then uh and uh to Missouri in forty-one Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: #1 and then to Chicago in fifty-three that was the only # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: the only time that I've been away from here and I don't think that I'll be able to live anywhere else but here Interviewer: {NW} um I'd like to get an idea of what the house that you grew up in looks like just sort of a floor plan you know where the sketch of you know this room is here and then there was you know do you think you could sort of make a 893: #1 I am very poor of drawing # Interviewer: #2 just a # #1 well just {NW} you don't have to give me a drawing # 893: #2 {NW} I I'll uh # I'll I'll tell you how it was and then you go ahead and draw it cause I'm very poor at drawing really Interviewer: okay #1 I'm not very good either # 893: #2 {NW} # it was just um a small a three room house and uh well the secretary and myself were talking earlier about that that uh nowadays you know anybody is able to uh to afford a #1 a telephone uh uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 a sewing machine or a washing machine and uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: things like that that uh uh during my uh youth only rich people could afford them Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: see I never thought that I'd at one time I'd be able to to have a telephone or own a car or anything like that but uh that's what I say that now in my later years well yes I'm I have been doing a whole lot better thank God Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 {NW} # #1 now that uh now that I need it the most because # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 when I was young my life could take all the hardships you know # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: and uh now I don't think I could Interviewer: #1 you hear so many # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: rich people living in Laredo does it what's how do people feel about that? is there much resentment 893: well no no well uh from my point of view #1 is that that yes I would like to live in a better place than than # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: than what I do and I would like to have a a better car naturally and I would like to have uh better uh clothing and everything but #1 uh no I don't resent other people that uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: that have a whole lot more than than I do in fact my uh cousins the ones that live in San Diego they are very well off #1 all of them # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: and I I don't uh I don't resent their being that we grew up together #1 you know and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: being that we belong to the to the same uh family and everything well I don't resent their having a whole lot more than than I do because well I I figure that uh #1 God gives each us what we deserve or what we're able to cope with and uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: I'm very well satisfied and I thank God for everything that uh that he that he had given me because it's through him through his through his mercy that uh #1 that I am able to have what little I have # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 and I enjoy it in fact uh now I'm # Interviewer: #2 mm # 893: #1 I'm uh trying to redo my my kitchen # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 and I feel very proud because uh I am able to do it myself and not paying somebody else you know to do it for me # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # #1 now you are just beginning to enjoy life # 893: #2 {NW} yes that's true # Interviewer: um what you say you had lived in a three room house? 893: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 like what shape was it square or? # 893: uh no uh let me see let me think for a moment I know the the the roof well at that that time you know it was it it came to a point Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and then there was a a front room and then the the front room and the kitchen and then on this other side there was another room Interviewer: so it was it was shaped like how big was was the front room a square room? 893: yes uh-huh yes {NS} #1 that's the front room # Interviewer: #2 so that's the front room then # 893: right next to it was the kitchen Interviewer: like what size how? 893: well about half as big as as the front room Interviewer: #1 like that and then how far down? # 893: #2 uh-huh # well Interviewer: #1 down {X} here uh-huh # 893: #2 about the same yes uh-huh # and there was another room here on this side Interviewer: how big? 893: #1 about uh as big as this yes # Interviewer: #2 as big as {X} # how far over does it go? 893: right on there over here uh parallel to this uh about Interviewer: #1 is that about right? # 893: #2 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 should it be a little bigger? a little smaller? # 893: #2 and uh no no I guess that that's about the right size {NW} # Interviewer: okay what's the name for this room? 893: the front room Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} and this is? 893: the kitchen {NS} Interviewer: what about this? 893: and this is that's was just a well it's a bedroom Interviewer: mm-hmm was this front room used as a bedroom too? 893: yes uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: how where was the front door? {NS} 893: uh the front door was facing uh east Interviewer: which? 893: {NS} it's over here Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} then you stepped out the front door and would you be in the yard or did you 893: no we would be out on the porch it had a it had a front porch Interviewer: #1 how far? # 893: #2 and um # #1 oh oh let's see # Interviewer: #2 how far around the house did it go? # 893: {NS} it was about uh the width of the of this room Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 and # say about uh Interviewer: to there? 893: five or six uh feet uh wide I guess Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: it's been so long ago {NS} Interviewer: did you have a a back porch too? 893: no we didn't Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 uh-uh # here the kitchen had another ano- another door and when we went uh out this door then we would be out in the yard Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: #1 and this room had another had a door also that uh that went to the # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 893: to the yard {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} what about the house that you live in now? 893: the house I live in now well it's uh it has uh two bedrooms a front room a kitchen and a bathroom Interviewer: mm-hmm could you make a sketch of it or #1 you tell me # 893: #2 you do it for me {NW} # well uh you go this way there's a there's a this is a front room Interviewer: uh-huh 893: and this is the kitchen Interviewer: what you say just draw straight 893: #1 to well no # Interviewer: #2 yes well # 893: that's that's the front room let me see I'll I'll help you a little bit {NS} this the front room where my kitchen is longer than my front room but it's about as wide Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and then over here I have a another bed room {NS} that's a that's quite long because it comes this way Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: see? {NS} this way and then it's parallel to this to this wall here Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: well over here I have another little a another little room next to this long one now this this doesn't belong there {NW} I have another living room here another bedroom right here Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and then on this side is the the bathroom Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 so this is the front room # and this is the kitchen these two these two are bedrooms and this is the Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 the bathroom # Interviewer: {NS} 893: #1 kitchen yes ma'am # Interviewer: #2 this is the kitchen? # this is the front room? 893: the front room yes ma'am Interviewer: do you also use it for a bedroom? 893: #1 no uh-uh it's just a # Interviewer: #2 it's just # 893: front room well once in awhile when my daughter comes from Dallas I have a what ya call a hide-a-bed Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and uh but it's #1 about once a year that we that we use it as a bedroom but otherwise it's just a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: a the front room that's all Interviewer: uh-huh what about a porch? do you have a porch? 893: yes yes I have a porch right along here {NS} right along here Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: and this uh this bedroom sticks out a little bit #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: {NS} Interviewer: did you ever hear a another name for front room? 893: {C: Spanish: sala} Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 {C: Spanish: sala} that's a {C: Spanish: sala} # or a living room Interviewer: uh-huh 893: #1 like uh like uh # Interviewer: #2 which room do you which one do you usually # 893: like the moron who was dying and he went to the to the living room {NW} Interviewer: um what about a a little room off the kitchen where you can store cannabis and extra dishes and things 893: well I have uh a homemade uh pantry Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: underneath uh my sink Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: where I store my uh my groceries and my uh pots and pans and uh what have you and then I have some cabinets up on the Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 on the walls to store my dishes # Interviewer: mm-hmm what do you call pantry in Spanish? is there 893: pantry? Interviewer: #1 is there a Spanish name? # 893: #2 uh # yes there is {C: Spanish: despensa} Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 {C: Spanish: despensa} {NW} # Interviewer: um do you ever have live in a house that had a fireplace in it? 893: no I've always liked a fireplace I've always wanted one but uh no I I have never been able to to acquire that Interviewer: uh-huh 893: maybe later on {NW} if I get to live long enough Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: um you know what on the fireplace the thing that the smoke goes up through you call that the 893: {C: Spanish: humo} Interviewer: #1 or {X} # 893: #2 or no the fireplace you mean # Interviewer: uh-huh 893: {C: Spanish: chimenea} Interviewer: but what about the English word? 893: um the {NS} fireplace or uh mantel Interviewer: uh-huh 893: mm-hmm Interviewer: what what is the mantel? 893: the mantel I believe is is what goes uh on top of the of the fireplace Interviewer: the thing that you set things on? 893: yes uh-huh Interviewer: there's a a part on the floor on the fireplace you know 893: #1 mm-hmm yes uh-huh uh-huh mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 they're made of brick or rocks come out a little bit # what would you call that? {NS} 893: uh no I have no idea Interviewer: #1 uh-huh have you ever heard it called hearth or hearth? # (no speaker): #2 what it's called {NW} 893: #1 oh yes a hearth that's right H-E-A-R-T-H that's right a hearth # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # #1 is it {X} to your {X} uh-huh well {X} # 893: #2 yes uh-huh I would call it that well I couldn't think of it at the moment # Interviewer: um {NS} what about the things that you lay the wood across on inside the fireplace 893: oh yes the uh oh yeah yeah yeah {NS} the um I know that it has something to do with the iron {NS} Interviewer: did you ever hear 893: #1 and yeah andirons andirons uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 andirons or long irons or {X} irons uh-huh # and say if um at night you would take a big piece of wood and set that toward the back of the fireplace make it burn all night long do you have a name for that? {NS} 893: fire it up I don't know maybe if you make me a a uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 893: #2 {X} # Interviewer: a back stick or back log 893: #1 a back log no I've heard of uh of logs but not a back log being that I never had a fireplace exactly what # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: I'm not able to tell you much about that Interviewer: #1 well I would ask ask you some of these things anyway if you know tell me if you heard of them or if you use a word or something # 893: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # Interviewer: um if you were gonna start a fire what kind of wood would you use? 893: drift wood or chips or um dry wood Interviewer: mm-hmm did you ever hear of kindling or lighter 893: yes uh-huh kindling lighter fluid Interviewer: uh-huh 893: yes uh-huh Interviewer: what is kindling 893: kindling I believe is uh those uh uh dry tips or uh or uh you know just uh pieces of uh bark or whatever Interviewer: #1 just small planks # 893: #2 that's it yes uh-huh # Interviewer: mm-hmm and the black stuff that forms in the chimney 893: soot Interviewer: mm-kay and what do you have to show to {D:light} the fireplace 893: flashes Interviewer: and how about things that you have in the house that the thing I'm sitting in is called a 893: chair Interviewer: what about something that longer that two or three people can sit on 893: a sofa Interviewer: uh-huh any other names for that 893: a divan Interviewer: #1 is that the same # 893: #2 a divan # a sofa or a couch Interviewer: uh-huh is that all the same thing? 893: yeah I think so yes Interviewer: which would it be called in Spanish? 893: {C: Spanish:sofa} Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 {C: Spanish: divan} # {C: Spanish: confidente} Interviewer: {C: Spanish:con-} 893: {C: Spanish: confidente} Interviewer: is that the same thing? 893: yes some people call it that Interviewer: uh-huh what sort of things would you have in your bedroom to keep your clothes in? 893: a closet Interviewer: mm-hmm is that built in? 893: yes mm-hmm what about something like that that's not built in? a wardrobe or a um yes it's called a wardrobe it's a piece of furniture that uh with uh doors that that you can {NW} #1 you can either hang your clothes there open up and put 'em in drawers or # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: uh now what else {NS} Interviewer: what about something just with drawers in it? 893: a chiffonier or uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: uh Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 chest of drawers or some # Interviewer: what does a chiffonier look like? 893: it's a just a if uh you know a it's a piece of uh furniture that has four or five drawers it all depends on the size Interviewer: mm-hmm is is that a Spanish name too? 893: #1 chiffonier # Interviewer: #2 chiffonier # 893: no no I've always you know I've always uh heard it as a chiffonier or a Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 chest of drawers # Interviewer: it's a name of the word 893: uh-huh Interviewer: um something that you can have in windows to on rollers that you 893: #1 shades # Interviewer: #2 pull down # uh-huh and the covering on the house the top of the house 893: roof Interviewer: and things along the edge of the roof to carry the water off 893: the either the #1 the rain spout or something like that no? # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm what about when you um I don't I don't haven't noticed this design around here but if you have a house in an L do you know what that is? it's it's where you build onto the house 893: oh yes Interviewer: there's a low place #1 there on the roof where the two roofs come together # 893: #2 mm # Interviewer: did you ever hear a name for that? 893: no I don't think I have Interviewer: oh 893: #1 maybe if you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: maybe if you mentioned it I might have heard about it and didn't know what it what it was Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a {D: bally} or an ally of a roof? 893: #1 no no I never have uh-uh # Interviewer: #2 no {X} # um say you have a lot of old worthless things like old broken furniture that wasn't any good anymore do you say 893: they were antiques Interviewer: or it's no good at all you say it's just 893: rubbish Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 or # trash or Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # (no speaker): #2 discarded uh 893: uh Interviewer: #1 items or # (no speaker): #2 uh-huh Interviewer: where would you store things like that that you don't know what to do with? if you don't wanna throw it away but you don't have any use for it 893: in a shed Interviewer: okay do you ever hear people talk about a junk room or a lumber room or store room 893: yes uh-huh Interviewer: #1 what what'd they # (no speaker): #2 well they they 893: a store room you can you can store whatever you doesn't uh #1 you don't have any space in the house for for certain things or # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 thing that you don't want to get rid of because of sentimental reasons or what have you # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 and # a woman would say if her house is in a big mess she'd say I have to 893: clean the house or uh I have to straighten out or uh pick after the the children or something Interviewer: and the thing that you would sweep with would be 893: #1 the broom # (no speaker): #2 Interviewer: and say the broom was in the corner and the door was open so that the door was sort of hiding the broom you'd say the broom was 893: hidden Interviewer: where? 893: behind the door Interviewer: uh-huh and years ago on Monday women would get all their dirty clothes together and #1 do the 893: # (no speaker): #2 do their laundry Interviewer: uh-huh did people used to use the word laundry? 893: #1 yes I've always or the wash you have to do the wash or do the laundry or # (no speaker): #2 Interviewer: Uh-huh. then after you wash the clothes then you have to 893: iron Interviewer: uh-huh and a long time ago um there would be something a a big black thing out in the yard to heat water and to boil the clothes in 893: yes the the big pot Interviewer: uh-huh 893: uh-huh Interviewer: did you ever have to do clothes like that? 893: #1 well yes yes during my uh my childhood years we used to do that yes # (no speaker): #2 Interviewer: how'd they how'd they wash the clothes? 893: well they would uh first they they would be soaked and they would be Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 893: #2 scrubbed some # then they would be scrubbed again Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: in uh in with uh well at first it would would be soaked just in plain water Interviewer: mm-hmm 893: to take all the dirt out and then they would uh be washed in in a soap and a #1 and water cold water # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 then they would be put in that pot to boil # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: #1 they would be taken out of there and scrubbed some more # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 893: and then rinsed and then hang up to dry Interviewer: I guess by that time you would spend all day 893: all day {NW} Interviewer: um something that you could use to heat up water to make hot tea in? 893: a tea kettle Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever use the word kettle? did you ever call that pot a kettle? 893: um uh yes uh-huh you mean the pot where we used to boil the clothes in? Interviewer: #1 #1 uh-huh we call that a kettle # 893: #2 # 893: #2 yes uh a kettle uh-huh # Interviewer: um to get from the um first floor to the second floor in a two story house you'd have? 893: a stairway or staircase Interviewer: uh-huh what about to get from the porch to the ground? 893: from porch Interviewer: uh-huh Interviewer : Um to get from the porch to the ground you have In a house to get from the porch to the ground 893: Oh the the from the porch to the ground not not to the outside to the, to the pavement or to #1 to the street # Interviewer : #2 well # would you call it a stair stairway? 893: Stairway yes uh well uh stair Interviewer : #1 okay {X} {NS} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer : um do you ever hear names for different kinds of porches? 893: Well just uh front porch, back porch, screen porch. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. what about a porch off the second floor of the house? 893: A terrace? Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: #1 ah # Interviewer : #2 do you ever hear # people talk about a gallery or piazza or veranda? 893: Yes {B} something like that yes. Interviewer : What's a patio like? 893: Patio is a a a part of the of the yard or of the whole yard that has some kind of a {NS} of a brick or uh or stone or covered ground. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And uh some of them have {X} on the sides with uh Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: uh uh plants or ivies or whatever, some of them have uh whatever. some of them have a or what you would call a a thatched roof or uh just a covering. Interviewer : #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 um # on top something like a carport or something like that. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. and if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd have somebody to 893: Close the door. Interviewer : Any other word you'd use? 893: Shut the door. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Does that sound 893: That sounds just uh Oh the proper thing or I mean Interviewer : Right. 893: the proper name or the proper word. Interviewer : Uh-huh. You know some house have uh have {X} each other like this? 893: Siding it's called siding Interviewer : For pictures you take a nail and uh 893: Use a hammer Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: A nail and a hammer. Interviewer : I, I took a hammer and I put what, the nail in? 893: I'd uh wait a minute let me think . Interviewer : Or you'd say I got in my car and I {NW} 893: Drove. Interviewer : Okay. You say I have never... 893: Driven. Interviewer : And he doesn't know how to... 893: Drive. Interviewer : And a building that you can have out in the yard for storing wood if you burned your wood in a stove you little plants outside where you keep the wood. 893: Mm-hmm. um I-I I know I know what you mean and I know the word for it but I just can't can't get it {NS} to to pronounce it or to mention it um the woodhouse or uh yes I think that would be be it, the woodhouse or. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Do you have another name for it? {NS} Interviewer : Um what about for tools? Where would you keep tools? 893: In the toolshed. Interviewer : {NW} And before they had bathrooms inside what did they call the outdoor toilets? people have 893: privies Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Any other name? 893: Outdoor toilet or uh Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: outdoor facilities or uh Interviewer : #1 Any jokes? # 893: #2 {X} # That's all. Interviewer : Any joking names? {NS} Or names that sounded kinda bad? 893: {NW} Yes well one or two that don't sound so good so I won't mention them. Interviewer : English names? 893: Yes uh-huh {NW} Interviewer : um what different buildings would there be on a ranch? 893: A barn {NW} pardon me. A barn uh, a silo uh uh a shed to store the the hay or Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: {NS} and uh well I guess the ranch house, that's about all. Interviewer : Do you some What about for the ranch house, what would you call that? 893: The ranch house? Interviewer : For the head quarters what? what's the Spanish for that? #1 {X} # 893: #2 {X} # {Spanish: la casa} Interviewer : hacienda 893: {Spanish: hacienda} that's uh {Spanish: hacienda} is uh It's like uh a big ranch that's the {Spanish: hacienda} well it's uh {Spanish: la hacienda} is uh a big place a big ranch where uh Interviewer : {NS} 893: There's some uh um where they plant you know maybe some of them have orchards other have uh um let's see uh vegetables other plant uh sugar cane Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Different different kinds of {Spanish: haciendas}. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. The hacienda's the whole ranch? 893: Yes uh-huh. Interviewer : How big do you think of a hacienda? 893: Well uh it differs. I mean it varies uh Interviewer : #1 Would you say # 893: #2 call'em uh # or small haciendas others are larger and it all depends on the how rich or how poor the person is . Interviewer : Uh-huh do people still use the word hacienda? 893: Well I believe and in uh Spain or in some other parts of the, of the world they might. But not here I hadn't heard that uh that uh particular name in a long time. Interviewer : Does it sound very wealthy to you? 893: Yes it does uh-huh yes it does. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Um a place for storing corn, that would be a... 893: A corn crib. Interviewer : Uh-huh is that a separate building or is it part of the barn or? 893: #1 Well uh # Interviewer : #2 {X} # 893: I'm gonna put it out it's anyways, it's almost {NS} um. Well in some places I believe that was uh adjacent to the to the house and other places it would be farther away from the, from the house. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. what about a place for storing grain? 893: Grain? {NW} Lemme see. I I don't know really I I'm not very familiar with ranches and {Spanish: haciendas}. {NW} Interviewer : Did you ever. Go ahead. 893: Pardon. No, uh-uh. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a granary or granary? 893: Oh yes yes uh-huh. Interviewer : #1 what did you hear it called? # 893: #2 {X} # Well uh a granary. That's where uh where grain is stored, no? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. what about the other part of the barn where you can keep hay? 893: mm no uh I don't know I can't think of it just now. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a waft or a scaffold? 893: Yes yes that's right, uh-huh a hay loft. Interviewer : #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 uh-huh Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : And you know people would would first cut the hay and let it dry then they rake it up and before they were bailed you know you ever {X} a they would break it up in little piles out in the field then they would come along and take their pitch forks and load it on the wagon what what would you call those little piles that you have breaked up? 893: #1 um # Interviewer : #2 Or have you # heard special name for them? 893: Hay stacks. #1 I guess # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # what does a hay stack look like? How how big is it? 893: A hay stack is something like a I think it's something like a #1 small {D: wigworm} # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: It's tied in the middle. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. and 893: {NW} Interviewer : If you cut the hay off of a piece of land, then enough grows back so you can cut it again the same year, you call that the... 893: No I couldn't tell you I don't think. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of the second cutting or the aftermath or? 893: Uh no I don't believe I have no. Interviewer : Where would people keep um cows? 893: In the barn. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Or a cow shed. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Where would they turn 'em out to graze? 893: On the pasture. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about horses where would they be kept? 893: Uh horses in stables Interviewer : Mm-hmm was that in the barn or a separate building or a? 893: Well uh I believe some people would would have the stables uh next to next to the barn or other people would rather have cows and horses separate. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: {NS} Interviewer : A fenced in place around the barn where different animals could walk around that would be called a... 893: Corral. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about a a horse lot or a barnyard or uh cow lot, have you ever heard of those? Or have you heard those terms around here? 893: Uh barnyard yes uh-huh I have. Interviewer : Is that the same as a corral? 893: I believe so yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer : What about a fenced in place out in the pasture? Where you could leave a cow overnight if you wanted to milk her? 893: No I don't think I know {NW} unless you mention it then I'll tell you whether I've heard of it or not . Interviewer : Uh-huh did you ever heard of a milk gap or a cow pen? 893: A cow pen I have, but not a, not a milk gap, cow pen yes. Interviewer : what's a cow pen like? 893: A cow pen is uh something like uh {NW} well it's like a barn where cows are kept in and they have uh like little stalls or something where Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: each cow has uh its own department {NW} Interviewer : How many cows can stay in a cow pin? Is it for beef cattle? 893: Uh well in a it all depends I guess on uh on how many cow pens the person owns. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Or. how many cows they have, or how big or small they want the cow pens I believe I don't know it all depends on on the person's uh own uh a wish or whatever their own decision you know uh. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: How many cows to keep in uh in uh in a cow pin or how big or how small a cow pen they should build. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about the animals you get pork from? Those are 893: Pigs. Interviewer : Uh-huh where are they kept? 893: In a pig sty. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Where you Did you um have any experience on the farm? Did 893: no uh-huh only what I've read and uh well in uh in San Diego like I tell you, but years ago not anymore cause it's been uh modernized so much but then during that uh when I was a child and I used to go there uh most people used to have in fact my aunt had a cow in her own backyard. Interviewer : {NS} 893: And then Interviewer : Did you ever help milk her? 893: Uh no uh-uh We uh a lady who used to live across the street from my aunt's used to come every day and uh milk her in the morning and evenings. Interviewer : {NW} Do you did you lunch read? 893: #1 well not uh # Interviewer : #2 or used to # 893: well not too much reading no not lately I haven't well what I read mostly is the newspaper but not uh books or some other kind of literature I I guess I well I don't know maybe it's just that I'm not uh too interested I have never been too interested in reading only when I started to uh teach myself Spanish is when i like to read the newspaper. Interviewer : Which newspapers do you read? 893: Just the Laredo Times and the The Audio from across river. Interviewer : uh-huh you you read both Spanish and English? 893: And English yes mm-hmm. Interviewer : Um what about chickens where would they be kept? 893: In a chicken coop. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, what does that look like? 893: It's uh a place that has uh that's uh fenced in or surrounded by chicken wire and it has a a roof over it. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And a hen on a nest of eggs would be called a... 893: a sitting hen. Interviewer : Uh-huh and if you wanted to make a hen start laying what would you put in her nest to fool her? 893: An artificial egg. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: I guess Interviewer : Say if you had a real good set of dishes and your dishes would be made out of... 893: China. Interviewer : uh-huh what about an egg made out of that? You'd call it a... 893: A China egg. Interviewer : uh-huh Did you ever hear of the sitting hen called a broody? 893: A broody hen yes uh-huh Interviewer : Is that the same thing? 893: Well uh a broody hen I'm not sure whether it's when uh she's saying to take out her I mean to to have her her baby chicks. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Or if or if the baby chicks are already born and and uh they are with her. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Um you know when you're eating chicken there's a bone like this? 893: The wishbone. {NW} Interviewer : Did you hear any, any sort of superstitions? 893: Oh yes, the the one who gets the biggest or the longest piece of the of the wish bone gets to uh have a wish granted or something like that. Interviewer : Do you believe it? 893: no {NW} Interviewer : um A a farm has a lot of milk cows in it um they sell the milk uh-huh 893: A dairy farm Interviewer : did you ever hear that word dairy used to mean anything else? 893: #1 {X} # Interviewer : #2 {X} # 893: A dairy no I think it's only applied to um I don't know unless I may be wrong but I think it's applied only to uh you know to to place where uh where milk is is uh gotten from or uh. Interviewer : What about um before people had refrigerators where would they keep their milk and butter? 893: In ice boxes I used to have one {NW} I used to have an ice box we were talking about that the the secretary and myself she asked me the same question she says her grandmother has never been able to answer her that question. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: about you know how to how uh meat and butter eggs and uh you know several things were kept before refrigerators came Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: into being and I tell her that uh some people you know uh use even uh tub a big tub with a big a piece of a a ice in the middle and they would put their their things their most uh perishable around that uh that tub or around the piece of ice I was one of the fortunate ones that had an ice box. Interviewer : what about people who didn't have ice boxes who couldn't afford them what what 893: well uh just like I said some of them used uh {X} others would uh would thin out their uh their pieces of uh meat and hang them up to to dry so that the meat wouldn't get spoiled. Interviewer : Did did you ever hear people um putting water down putting their their milk or butter down a well? Lowering it down a well? 893: Oh yes uh-huh. Yes I I came into that experience when I was uh in Missouri. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Yes the lady who used to well she was our land lady Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: sometimes she would uh or uh when I was real young I remember we used to go to a place where they had a small uh well it was not a lake it was what you would call a and it was not a pond because it was bigger than a pound but smaller than a lake and uh when we used to go out on picnics they used to put their watermelons in inside the the water to to get them uh good and cold Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about keeping potatoes or turnips during the winter? How did people do that? 893: Potatoes or turnips? No I I couldn't tell you. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} um Say you grew a lot of corn they would be growing in the corn... the place where you grow the 893: The corn field. Interviewer : What about something smaller than a field? 893: A corn patch. Interviewer : uh-huh And what different things grow in the patch? 893: Ooh vegetables and uh flowers. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And um uh herbs. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Say um people were were growing cotton was there much cotton raised around {X}? 893: #1 No... # Interviewer : #2 An example # 893: In Mexico I think in in uh West Texas sometimes and it well uh years before. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: I don't know about now but years before they used to be a place in in uh Lubbock where there're pretty good uh amount of cotton was raised. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you know 893: Or grown, whatever. {NW} Interviewer : Do you know anything about, about cotton what sort of work you'd have to do? 893: Well I know that it has to be picked. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And it has to be ginned to take all that uh those seeds from it. Interviewer : Uh-huh 893: And then it's baled. Interviewer : Uh-huh. What about uh when it's still growing um they go up there and plant it do they plant it close together do they go up with a hoe and they dig it out sort of what did they say they're doing? 893: Uh separating or uh. Interviewer : Uh-huh, did you ever hear people say chopping it or scrapping it? 893: well no we call it in Spanish {C: Spanish: desahijando} {C: Spanish: desahijar} {C: Spanish: desahijar} Interviewer : Uh-huh what what 893: That's that's that's what it means to take uh or {C: Spanish: la limpia} {C: Spanish: the limpia} that's to clean. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: To get all of the weeds and things that are not uh that's to let the plant grow you see that wouldn't be uh in the way, it wouldn't be obstructing the growth of the, of the plant. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, what different um grasses or weeds grow in the cotton field? That you wanna get rid of? 893: No I don't believe I know. Interviewer : Well you were gonna did you ever raise flowers? 893: Not very many, no. Interviewer : #1 what sort of # 893: #2 just # Well I just I just call them weeds that's all. {NW} Interviewer : Um what different types of fences did people used to have or that they have now? 893: Well they have the chained linked fence the picket fence the um cyclone fence. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and uh Interviewer : What about at the ranches? 893: At the ranch? I don't know I don't think I know. {NW} What about the kind of fence that will catch you? Oh barbed wire? Interviewer : Huh? 893: Barbed wire fenced? Interviewer : Uh-huh um how do you set up a fence like that? 893: Well I guess some post have to be uh suh- first some holes have to be dug and then some posts. put in the holes and then just uh start {X} the barbed wire uh um I mean uh put those poles to uh certain distance one from another. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And then just go {X} the barbed wire from one post to the other. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about the picket fence how's that put up? 893: That I think the the picket already comes in in rolls. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: with uh pieces of uh of uh lumber or whatever Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: They're all cut in the same size, the same design. Interviewer : Pointed? 893: Pointed yes uh-huh and uh It's about the same procedure as for the barbed wire. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Um did you ever see a a fence that would go like this? 893: Yes uh-huh only I don't, I don't know what it's called {NW} Interviewer : What about a fence or wall made out of loose stones or rock? 893: Um stone wall I guess. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Did they used to have those in this area? 893: Well not very many people. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: No not, not very many in fact I, I think I've just seen one. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: That's around um um well where Laredo Junior College is now that was to be for Macintosh. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. How how are they um Mexican people different from American people? How are their customs different? Did, can you tell did people, When, when you go into Mexico, Did, did the customs seem to be uh 893: Different? Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: I don't think so of you mean, you mean from Anglos Interviewer : #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 cause uh # Americans, well I'm an American, an American citizen, Interviewer : But 893: But I'm of, I'm of Mexican descent Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: You mean Anglos and and Spanish or Mexicans. No no I think they Interviewer : Or or the Mexicans #1 Over there {X} # 893: #2 From Mexico # Interviewer : from the #1 Mexican Americans # 893: #2 from the # Mexican Americans. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Well in some ways some of them have uh different ideas about different things Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: you know and uh the Mexican Americans are more accustomed to to the ways of uh United States ways you know and Mexicans of course to their customs like for example um in Mexico when a girl wants to get married Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: right they think or their their custom is for the boy or the bridegroom to furnish everything that the girl is going to wear Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and the reception, and well everything, everything. And here uh I heard that uh well not very many but some of them the girls buy their own {X} their own wedding gown, their own and the the bride's parents furnish the, the reception. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And in Mexico it's different. Interviewer : What do the Mexican Americans here do? Do they do it like? 893: Uh they do it uh yes, more or less like the Mexicans or the uh they look for sponsors for some for the banquets, some for the orchestras, some for this, some for that. Interviewer : Everybody pays? 893: Uh yes uh-huh whoever sponsors for example if you were to get married you'd ask me to to to be a a say a {C: Spanish: madrina} that's a sponsor for your wedding cake well I would have to buy you a wedding cake. Interviewer : Huh, so I wouldn't have to pay too much. 893: No not nowadays no here anymore. {NW} Interviewer : What um I was really wondering about um I was over um in Mexico Sunday, you know, I went over there, just walking around. and noticed um well it surprised me the way people would would touch me you know 893: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer : Um but when I was sitting eating, eating lunch and an old woman came in said something to me I couldn't understand maybe she was {X} I don't know but she touched me and it's something I'm you know I didn't understand it, you know, just touched me on the arm you know. and I mention it um in here they said um Well some of the people there have a superstition that they're giving me the 893: The evil eye? Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Yes. Interviewer : What is that like now? 893: Well um that's Interviewer : {NW} 893: Well for example if I look at you and like your eyes Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and I don't touch your eyes. Why you're liable to, to uh start having a headache and uh vomiting and things like that. Well I don't think it's an evil eye I think that my uh uh well perhaps my eyesight is stronger than yours or whatever you know. And it actually happens, as I've seen it happen uh lots of times. Interviewer : So to keep them from 893: #1 To keep from uh # Interviewer : #2 {X} # 893: Yes, to keep from getting that person ill, why they go and touch you. Interviewer : That's very common around here 893: Yes it is. That's that's uh a whole lot more common in Mexico than it is here. Some, a lot of people here don't believe in that but I do because I've seen it happen. Interviewer : How what give me some examples how how could it happen? 893: #1 well {X} # Interviewer : #2 {X} # 893: Well like for example your hair your nose supposing I would like your hair very much and I don't touch it Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Well sooner or later your hair would start falling off. {NW} See things like that uh-huh but uh I mean uh it's it's uh kind of odd you know it's kind of unbelievable, but uh yes it does happen, happen uh especially in, in babies in young children in young babies you know? When uh uh a child uh you know a person sees a child and and he is the attracted to that uh to that baby or to that child that isn't uh touched, likely the child becomes ill. In fact I think that's what happened to uh to a lady that I knew she had a a little boy he was about three years old and he was a very cute little boy and his grandfather used to take him out every evening you know around town to watch the show windows and things like that Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and once one night one evening he took him into uh one of the theaters and uh and the lady there just gave him a few uh kernels of popcorn Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and the child ate those those kernels you know and actu- I mean if anybody had mentioned that to either her or her husband I don't think that they would've they would have believed it, but now that's my own theory my own belief Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: That child as soon as he got home he started feeling ill. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And he started with a high fever and he started vomiting and he started aching and in three days the child was gone. Interviewer : Because the woman gave him popcorn didn't 893: or somebody else who saw him Interviewer : Uh-huh they thought he was cute and they 893: They thought he was cute and had they didn't touch him see? Interviewer : That's really interesting 893: Yes it is Interviewer : Because I did notice it that people seem to touch more 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : You know. 893: Yes. Interviewer : I mean this like this. 893: Yes. Interviewer : But I didn't know 893: And uh I've heard now I have never seen it happen but I've heard uh uh from very reliable sources that uh a person can even break a dish or something if Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: like uh for example if I I like your purse it let's say this was a a a centerpiece or something made out of glass. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and I would like it and I would just look at it and would say oh that's a beautiful centerpiece, or a beautiful bowl or what have you and I didn't touch it, it would break. I've heard of it I haven't seen that happen but I have seen uh people get ill become ill from from that you know. But not things that have come apart or have broken or things like that, but it has happened. Interviewer : Do people do that on purpose if I'm mad at you 893: No no well mayb- perhaps some uh uh black hearted person could do that you know but mostly it's because uh it's just that #1 it's that {X} accidental {X} # Interviewer : #2 {X} yes uh-huh yes uh-huh # 893: So if you go back to Mexico and somebody touches you now you know why {NW} Interviewer : Then I'll be glad 893: {NW} You oughta be thankful. {NW} Interviewer : #1 Huh that's that's very interesting. # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : Um something that people used to carry water in? 893: Buckets. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Or um jugs. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Jars. Interviewer : What was the bucket made of? 893: Well some are made out of wood others are made out of metal. Interviewer : Uh-huh what about a pail? 893: A pail is the same thing as a bucket I think. {NW} Interviewer : And nothing you could use to carry food to the pigs in? 893: Mm. No-uh. When I was in Missouri there uh, our landlady use to have some pigs and she used to say she was gonna slop the pigs that was when she was gonna feed 'em but I never knew uh what the name of #1 the # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: of the vessel or whatever {NW} she carried it in. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, well they they didn't have that here um what would you use to carr- to um, fry eggs in? 893: A frying pan. Interviewer : And if you had some flowers and you wanted to keep them in the house you'd put them in a... 893: Vase. Interviewer : What if you wanted to plant them in the house, you would plant them in a... 893: In a planter. Interviewer : Uh-huh and if you were setting the table for everybody to eat with, you give everyone a... 893: Napkin. Interviewer : And to eat with? 893: And a fork and a knife and fork or spoon. Interviewer : Uh-huh, and you serve steak and it wasn't very tender, you'd have to put out the steak... 893: Tenderizer. Interviewer : Or a particular cut? Steak... 893: Uh steak knives. Interviewer : And if the dishes were dirty, you'd say I have to... 893: Wash the dishes. Interviewer : And after she washes the dishes, then she... 893: Dries 'em. Interviewer : But in clear water she... 893: Rinses them. Interviewer : And the cloth or rag that you use when you're washing them? 893: Uh dishcloth. Interviewer : What about when you dried them? {NW} 893: When you dry them you use a um a dishcloth or uh or just leave them in a that's what I do I never dry my dishes leave them in that uh or what do you call it? Oh you know what I mean {NW} the drainer Interviewer : Uh-huh. And the piece of cloth or rag that you bathe your face with? 893: A washrag. Interviewer : And to dry yourself with? 893: A towel. Interviewer : And if you wanted to pour something from a big container to something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling you pour it 893: In a funnel. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And something that flour used to come in? Big 893: A big sack of Interviewer : Flour? 893: Barrels. Interviewer : Huh? 893: Barrels. Interviewer : Uh-huh And the thing that runs around the barrel that hold the wood in place... 893: It's a well it's not wire it's um Interviewer : Hallows you know what 893: Mm no I don't think I know the proper word {NW} Interviewer : Uh-huh you know in basketball you have a... 893: Oh yes a um yes uh ay ay Interviewer : Call it hoop or hoops? 893: Yeah hoops that's right uh-huh hoops. Like you use for embroidery also Interviewer : #1 Oh that's right. # 893: #2 You use hoops. # Interviewer : um what about something um nails used to come in? 893: Nails? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Something smaller than a barrel. What can you buy beer in? 893: Cans. Interviewer : Or bigger up. 893: Uh bigger than cans? Interviewer : Uh-huh something that looks like a barrel but it's smaller. 893: uh kegs Interviewer : Uh-huh when you have beer beer kegs, what'd you turn to get the beer out? 893: The spout. Interviewer : What about in the yard what you hook your hose up to? 893: To the water faucet. Interviewer : Uh-huh and the sink? In your kitchen? 893: It's a the faucet yeah or the Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Yeah or, tap, the tap water or whatever, uh-huh. Interviewer : And something that people would make out of sugarcane... 893: Sugar. Interviewer : Well besides that. 893: Make out of sugarcane? Interviewer : Something sticky that 893: Syrup? Interviewer : Uh-huh what else? 893: Um well syrup and uh sugar. Interviewer : Did you ever hear another name for syrup or something very similar to syrup? 893: Mm I might have, but I can't think of it just now. {NW} Interviewer : What about mol- mola- 893: Molasses. Interviewer : What's the difference? 893: I think molasses is is thicker than than syrup. Interviewer : Uh-huh have you ever heard them called long sweetening and short sweetening? 893: No I haven't, I don't think I have. Interviewer : Uh-huh if you were going to buy molasses at the store {NS} what would it come in? 893: Well some of it comes in cans others come in jars. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, did you ever hear the expression a stand of molasses? Or a stand of lard? 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster, you'd hit them with a... 893: Whip. Interviewer : Uh-huh and an electric lamp isn't burning you screw it in a new... 893: A new uh light bulb. Interviewer : Uh-huh and to carry clothes out to hang them on the line you carry them out in a clothes... 893: Um yes I know it, clothes basket. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And something that um nowadays if you bought some groceries the grocery would put it in a... 893: Sack. Interviewer : Made out of... 893: Paper. Interviewer : What about something flour used to come in if you didn't buy it in a barrel? 893: Well it used to come in, some would come in paper sacks, heavy, heavy paper. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Others would come in uh in uh sacks made out of uh some kind of material a very thin material. You know it was all What kept it together was I guess was all that starch. As soon as it was washed why it would be it would become very small and uh and very thin. Interviewer : Uh-huh what about the thing that um feed used to come in? Like cow feed? That rough brown cloth. 893: Yes uh uh not canvas uh but um ay ay I burlap burlap bags. Interviewer : Any other name for them? 893: No not that I know. Interviewer : {D: Did you ever heard of towsack or gunny sack or?} 893: A gunny sack yes Interviewer : Uh-huh. Is that the same thing? 893: A gunny sack I think is made out of cloth. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: And a burlap bag is something else I mean it's made out of something coarser. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if you were carrying corn to the mill to be ground what would you call the amount of corn you take at one time? 893: I don't know. uh Would it be by the bushel or by the uh Interviewer : Mm-hmm. would you ever the expression turn corn? 893: Turn? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What if someone had as much wood as as they could carry he says he has a... 893: Uh load of wood or uh cord of wood. Interviewer : Or an arm- 893: Or an armload of wood. Interviewer : Uh-huh and a wagon that didn't have a full load you just had a... What of wood? 893: I don't know uh. Interviewer : Do you ever heard the expression a jab of wood? 893: I've heard of a cord of wood. Interviewer : #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer : And if you open a bottle and didn't want to close it back up you could stick in a... 893: A stopper. Interviewer : uh-huh made out of? 893: Metal or uh cork. Interviewer : #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 uh # Interviewer : and something that {NW} people would blow on a musical instrument like a 893: Harmonica. Interviewer : Any other name for that? 893: um mouth something uh I can't remember the correct word. We we called it in Spanish {C: Spanish: musica de boca} {C: Spanish: musica} it's music {C: Spanish: de boca} the mouth. Interviewer : Uh-huh 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : What about the one like this? You just you hold it between your teeth and you play it. 893: Hold it between it your teeth? Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Uh. Interviewer : And you pluck it. Did you ever hear of a Jew's harp? Jew's harp? 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Uh-huh and if you have a wagon and two horses and a long wooden piece between the horses... 893: Mm-hmm. That's uh a yoke or uh no a yoke is for ox n- no perhaps if you mention it {NW} Interviewer : did you ever hear of a pole a tongue or a spear of a wagon? 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Okay. 893: Are you gonna grade me? Interviewer : #1 {NW} # 893: #2 No? # Interviewer : I just I like these things they don't have them in this part of the country 893: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : #2 but I won't know it unless I ask you you know so # If if some of the things I ask you about there're just not in this area you know you just you just tell me did you ever see a buggy? 893: #1 Mm-hmm. yeah # Interviewer : #2 you know the wooden piece? # 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : #2 on each side of the horse you call those the? # 893: No I wouldn't know what you call them I There are some buggies across the river didn't you see any when you were there? Interviewer : Oh yeah 893: They have, they still have some, you know, uh mostly tourists are the ones who who uh ride in them for the fun of it you know just to have something to to tell about I guess over where they come from. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Cause I very seldom see uh local people uh riding those uh those buggies. No I wouldn't know what you call them. Interviewer : Uh-huh what about the uh wheels um the thing that runs across one wheel to the other that's called a... 893: Um yes yes uh we call it {C: Spanish: eje} in Spanish but uh Interviewer : {C: Spanish:e-} 893: {C: Spanish: eje} {C: Spanish: eje} E-J-E {C: Spanish: eje} uh-huh the axis. Interviewer : uh-huh 893: Is that it? Interviewer : Uh-huh um what about the on the on the wagon wheel you know on the inside you have the hub and then the spokes come out you know and then they fit into the or are you familiar with with what I mean? 893: I know what you're talking about yes but uh I don't think I can give you the the spokes I know what the spokes are and they come into the into the Interviewer : #1 In the center is a hub. # 893: #2 Uh-huh yes uh-huh # Well I don't know I'm not sure whether they come in into the wheel Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Actually or uh is there something else before they 893: #1 and then the wheel # Interviewer : #2 What about, uh-huh # What about the the part of the wheel when it touches the ground, the metal part? 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : Do you have a special name for that? 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Uh-huh and {NS} you know um I don't guess you you grew up around this but maybe you noticed on these buggies there's a you know where the traces are on a horse that the lines you know that come back? and they hook on to this bar of wood on the wagon. Did you ever hear a name for that? #1 singletree or swingletree or whiffletree # 893: #2 no no uh-uh # Interviewer : what about doubletree or? #1 Anything like that? # 893: #2 No uh-uh. # I don't think so Interviewer : Um let's say a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving a log what would you say he was doing? you'd say he was what wood he was 893: Sending wood or uh delivering wood Interviewer : How about drawing wood or hauling wood or 893: Hauling yes. Hauling would be uh probably the, the most appropriate word because I wouldn't know if I saw a man with a with a wagon full of load I wouldn't know whether he was going to deliver it or or sell it or whatever but uh I knew he was hauling it. Interviewer : Uh-huh, say there was a a log across the road you'd say I'd tie a chain to it and I... 893: Pulled it or dragged it or. Interviewer : Okay and you'd say we have what many logs out of this road, we have 893: Dragged. Interviewer : Okay and you have to tie a chain if you want to 893: Want to drag it. Interviewer : Uh-huh. {NW} And if you wanted to break up the ground for planting you break it up with a... 893: Spade or uh Interviewer : #1 Something that # 893: #2 uh # Yes uh-huh I uh ay ay ay I know what, I know what it is we call it {C: Spanish: arado} something that has oh uh some steel bars with points yeah but I can't find the the right word it's uh Like I said we call it {C: Spanish: arado} in Spanish. But I don't think I know the the word in English Interviewer : #1 What about # 893: #2 and if I # do, I I just can't think of it. Interviewer : You know the word plow? 893: Plow yeah that's it yeah that's right plow. Interviewer : Are there different kinds of plows? 893: Oh I don't think so or are there? #1 {NW} # Interviewer : #2 {X} # Are there any that you heard of are there different 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : what about something that that's got little teeth in it and breaks up the ground finer than a plow does it breaks up the {D:piles} of dirt you know. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : What would you call that? it's like a plow only it breaks it up finer 893: Mm-hmm. No uh-huh. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a harrow {C: pronunciation} or a harrow? 893: No I haven't uh-uh. Interviewer : And say you wanted to, to chop a log you could make it sort of a A-shaped frame #1 like this you know set the log in # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : #1 to hold it while you chop it # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : would you have a special name for that? 893: #1 um # Interviewer : #2 or are you familiar with that? # 893: Well I've seen them yes and uh I know what you're talking about but uh I don't know what they're called Interviewer : Uh-huh. What about something that a carpenter uses that um he's going to saw a board he's he's got 893: A saw? Interviewer : Well a frame you can set the do it like that. 893: Oh yes uh-huh a Interviewer : #1 {X} # 893: #2 uh # Scaffold or uh uh Interviewer : What about sawbuck or horse? 893: A horse we call them donkeys in Spanish burros burro is a donkey you know it's what we call it in Spanish. and English it's horse and they come to get me uh-huh It's almost five yes. Interviewer : Is it exactly four? {X} 893: Okay. Interviewer : Um you straighten your hair using a comb and a... 893: Brush. Interviewer : And if you were going to use that you'd say you're going to... 893: Comb my hair or brush my hair. Interviewer : And you sharpen a straight razor using a leather... 893: Stripe. Interviewer : What would you sharpen a small knife on? {NS} 893: On a sharpener. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of a whiplock or a whetstone or anything like that? 893: Uh yes I have uh-huh but I, I didn't know they uh The right word for it. Interviewer : Uh-huh what did you hear it called? 893: well we call it in Spanish uh {C: Spanish: piedra} something {C: Spanish: piedra} {C: Spanish: piedra pulmis} or {C: Spanish: piedra} something. Interviewer : uh-huh 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : That's that's what you 893: That, uh-huh. Interviewer : What about a big thing that turns around that you sharpen an axe or a big tool on? You see 893: Oh yes uh a grinder uh-huh yes an axe grinder or uh {NS} Interviewer : And something you could put in a pistol. 893: Bullet. Interviewer : Or another name for that. 893: Um {NS} in a pistol Interviewer : #1 a car- # 893: #2 it's a it's a # It's a bullet no? Interviewer : Uh-huh but did you ever hear that called a cart cartridge or? 893: Oh yes a cartridge. #1 uh-huh yes # Interviewer : #2 uh-huh # What's the difference now? Or is there any difference? 893: No I don't think there's any difference unless uh {NS} cartridges are blanks. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And the bullets uh explode and uh and uh {NS} harms. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And something that children play on you take a board and 893: A see-saw? Interviewer : Uh-huh and if some children were playing on that you'd say they were 893: They were uh see-sawing or they were uh uh there's another name for it uh tee-totaler teetotaler something like that. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, and something you take a board and fix it in the center and it spins around? You call that a... 893: A board? Interviewer : Uh-huh But sort of, you know what a merry-go-round is? 893: Yes, uh-huh. Interviewer : But sort of a homemade merry-go-round. 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer : Just a board on a stump and 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : Would you have a special name for that? 893: Uh, no I don't think I know any name for that um Interviewer : What about um taking a board and fixing it down at both ends and children jumping up and down on it? You call that a... 893: A board. That has what? Interviewer : See you fix it on both ends and children jump on it like a trampoline. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : You'd call it a Did you ever see that? 893: No I don't think I have seen anything like that. {NW} Interviewer : A jiving board or a bouncing board? 893: No, no I haven't. Interviewer : And you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a... 893: Swing. Interviewer : And something you can carry coal in would be a... 893: Coal bucket. Interviewer : And the thing that runs from the stove to the chimney. 893: Thing that runs? Interviewer : Yes. The part of the stove that 893: Oh that goes through the chimney uh? {NS} Yes, yes the I um damper or uh #1 something like that. # Interviewer : #2 You ever heard of # Stove pipe or flu- 893: Yes, stove uh stove pipe, that's right. {NW} Interviewer : And if you wanted to move bricks or something heavy, something that you can use to move them in. Has a little wheel in the front. 893: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And The thing that people drive nowadays. 893: Cars. Interviewer : Any other name? 893: Autos. Vehicles. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And if something was squeaking, to lubricate it, you'd say you had to... 893: Oil it. Interviewer : Or 893: Lubricate. Interviewer : But another word for that. 893: Oil, lubricate, grease. Interviewer : Mm-kay. You say yesterday he... 893: He He greased. Interviewer : Uh-huh, and if grease got all over your hands, you'd say your hands 893: Were greasy. Interviewer : And If something was squeaking um you could put a few drops of... 893: Oil. Interviewer : And something people used to burn in lamps? 893: Kerosene. Interviewer : Any other names? 893: Or oil. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you ever see people make a lamp using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? 893: No we used to have a lamps uh kerosene lamps but they, they were not homemade. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: But they have a it's a globe Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: With a, on a stand or with a stand with the globe all together. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And then uh that's to put the kerosene in. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And then it'd have another small thing that has a, a little uh wick and then you put the the globe inside, I mean uh yes inside those prongs. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. You had, they had those #1 to use # 893: #2 Yes. # Uh-huh. In fact I still have one at home. Because uh there have been times when we've had storms you know, and the electricity cuts off. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: We don't have any lighting so I bought one of those. {NW} Interviewer : And you ever heard of a flambeau? 893: Flambeau? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} F-L-A-M-B-E-A-U? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Yes I have, but I'm not sure what it is. {NW} Interviewer : Where did you hear it? 893: Well I've, I've uh seen it written. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: That is I've uh I read the word. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: But uh I'm not, I'm not sure of the meaning. Interviewer : Well some sometimes people would make a lamp themselves and call it a flambeau. 893: Oh I see. Interviewer : You must do an awful lot of reading. 893: {NW} Well not much. {NW} Interviewer : Did you use to when you were younger? Read a lot? 893: Well, that was one of my favorite subjects in school, reading. Reading and English, grammar and uh spelling. Interviewer : Uh-huh. {X} That you, you must have some of it. {NW} Um. Inside the tire of a car, you have the inner... 893: Tube. Interviewer : And if somebody built a boat, and they were gonna put it in the water, they would say there were going to... 893: Sail. Interviewer : Or what the boat? They were gonna... 893: Um. 893: No, I'm afraid I can't answer you. Interviewer : Do you ever use the word launch? 893: Oh yes. That's right, launch, uh-huh. Interviewer : Uh-huh. What different kinds of boats did they have around here? 893: Oh sail boats. uh fishing boats. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Uh motorboats. Interviewer : Any special old fashioned kind of wooden boat? 893: A wooden boat. Canoe. Interviewer : What about {D: pirogue} or {D: fantogue}? Do you ever hear of those? 893: No I haven't heard about those, uh-uh. Interviewer : And say the child is just learning to dress himself, the mother brings the clothes and says here... 893: Are your clothes. Interviewer : Okay. And to think you were taking a child to the dentist and he was scared, the dentist would say, you don't have to be scared, I'm... what gonna hurt you? I'm... 893: I'm not going to hurt you or I won't hurt you. Interviewer : Uh-huh, do you ever use the word ain't? 893: Well that's not proper I don't think. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Ain't. Interviewer : You hear it used often? 893: Oh uh not, not very often. No, uh-huh, once in a very long while. I mean, that's, that's a word in the past. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} Interviewer : You used to hear it? 893: Yes I used to hear it when I was in school, yes we used you know, some children didn't know uh {NS} their grammar or their English, instead of saying uh I'm not or uh something like that well they, they used the word ain't. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: But since I uh Well I've always know, that is since I started uh knowing a little bit uh grammar and English. I knew that it was incorrect. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: So uh, I always try to use I am not, you are not, or Interviewer : {X} Have you ever gone to adult school? 893: No I never have. No I quit school in 1929 I haven't been to school ever since. {NS} Interviewer : Um Say if I asked you was that you I saw in town yesterday, you might say, no it's 893: It was not me. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} And what if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color, she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a... 893: Sample. Interviewer : And she sees a dress she likes very much, she'd say the dress is very 893: Becoming, or very attractive, very pretty. Interviewer : {X} just 893: Right. {NW} Interviewer : And something she'd wear over her dress in the kitchen... 893: Apron. Interviewer : And to sign your name in ink, you'd use a... 893: Pen. Interviewer : And to hold a baby's diaper in place... 893: Pin. Interviewer : And soup that you buy that comes in a can made out of... 893: Soup and tin. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And a dime is worth... 893: Ten cents. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And What would a man wear to church on a Sunday? 893: Suit. Interviewer : And if he just bought it, it'd be a brand... 893: New suit. Interviewer : You ever heard of a three piece suit? 893: Yes, uh-huh, the vest, a coat, and pants. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : What's the Spanish word for vest? 893: Um vest is uh I, I can't think of it right now. {NW} Interviewer : Did you ever hear {C: Spanish: chil-chile} 893: {C: Spanish: Chaleco} {C: Spanish: Chaleco} Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: {C: Spanish: Chaleco} uh-huh that's right. Interviewer : Which word sounds which word do you think you'll probably use? 893: {X} {C: Spanish: Chale-} Interviewer : No, you were talking, do you ever uh speak this Tex-Mex? 893: Yes, a lot of times, most of the time. {NW} Interviewer : Which word seems more natural to you to say, {C: Spanish: Chaleco} or vest? {NS} 893: Well if I were {NS} If I were to uh It all depended on who I was talking to. {B}{X} Interviewer : Uh no thank you. 893: Well if I was uh talking to a, a person who didn't uh understand Spanish, I would say vest. But if I were talking to someone uh who spoke Spanish, I would say {C: Spanish: Chaleco} Interviewer : Uh-huh. {NW} So you, you would use 893: Either one. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: It all depended on uh circumstances. Interviewer : Uh-huh. {NS} Any other names for pants? 893: {C: Spanish: Pantalones} Interviewer : Uh-huh. What about English? 893: Slacks. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And something that a man would wear if he's working around a barn. Something that 893: Oh yes, overalls. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And if you were outside without your coat and you feel cold and you wanted it, you'd say Would you go inside and... 893: Get my coat? Interviewer : And what it to me? 893: Bring it to me. Interviewer : Okay, so you say and then he... 893: Brought it. Interviewer : And you say here I have 893: Brought it. Interviewer : Okay. And you say that coat won't fit this year, but last year it... 893: It fit. Interviewer : And if you stuff a lot of things in your pocket, it makes them 893: Bulging. Interviewer : Okay. And you'd say, that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it... 893: Shrank. Interviewer : And every shirt I've washed recently has... 893: Shrunk. Interviewer : And I hope this shirt doesn't... 893: Shrink. {NW} Interviewer : And if a woman likes to put on good clothes, you'd say she likes to... 893: Um She likes to put on good clothes. Sure, she likes to elaborate. Interviewer : Uh-huh. What about um She stands in front of the mirror and {NW} 893: Pregnant {NW} Interviewer : Would you say that about a man? 893: No I would say he was rooming himself. {NS} Interviewer: um you say about a man who wouldn't say that he's he's primping you said he- 893: he was grooming himself. Interviewer: uh huh. What would you call a man who-who likes to dress like? 893: I dunno I I would say he was always immaculate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever call him a jelly bean? 893: Jelly bean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Oh that's that's very my... My youth time. Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Jelly bean. We used to call them uh They used to wear uh uh supporters and high waisted pants with uh with uh wide uh self uh uh I mean wide belt on the pants of the same material. of a pants. And uh flared legs like uh they wear now. Interviewer: #1 And you called them jelly beans # 893: #2 a jelly bean, uh huh. # Interviewer: Was that a compliment? 893: Yes it was. {NW} Interviewer: Any other words like that that people used to use? 893: uh no uh-uh I don't think so No I can't think of any other name Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You said that they wore supporters? 893: #1 Yes, uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 and that's to keep the pants up # 893: #1 Yes, to keep the pants up uh huh. # Interviewer: #2 uh huh. # um Something that you could carry your money in 893: A purse? A purse? Interviewer: Okay. And something a woman wears around her wrist. 893: Watch. Interviewer: #1 or # 893: #2 Or a bracelet # Interviewer: uh-huh. And Say she had a lot of little things strung up together 893: A necklace? Interviewer: Uh-huh. We're talking about beads You'd call it a what beads? 893: String of beads. Interviewer: uh-huh. You ever said pair of beads? 893: Pair of beads? I don't think so. {NW} Interviewer: And What would you call to open {D:unsure about this one} when it rains? 893: An umbrella Interviewer: And the last thing that you put on the bed the the fancy covers #1 You call it # 893: #2 That's a bed spread. # Interviewer: What about the ones that people used to make themselves to put on the bed for warmth? 893: A comforter or a quilt Interviewer: What's the difference? 893: I don't I don't see any difference between a comforter and a quilt cause both of them are quilted and uh both of them unless unless you mean a a quilted bedspread now then there's a difference because a comforter and a quilt are thicker than the than the quilted bedspread. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Did they have those in Mexico? 893: oh yes. mm-hmm. Interviewer: Are they made the same way? 893: Yes. I think uh-huh that they're most of them are handmade. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 893: They're a lot of people who uh who make their own uh their own quilts. They uh uh make them out of they uh they're filled with uh either um wool or uh cotton. Interviewer: What are they called in Mexico? 893: {D: Coicha} Interviewer: #1 Co- # 893: #2 {D: Coicha.} # Interviewer: #1 {D: Coicha.} # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And at the end of the day that you put your head on a 893: Pillow. Interviewer: Did you ever see anything um about why she calls it a pillow? 893: Yes uh-huh Yes uh pillow that uh Well I don't know nowadays but uh Years back they used to uh we used that pillow to uh cover it and uh make the bed uh but when the bed was made they would cover that long pillow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: At the at the head of the bed and it made the bed look prettier. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Fancier. # Interviewer: What did they call the long pillow? 893: {NW} uh I don't know I don't remember {NW} that is No, I-I don't have the right word for it no. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called the {D: bollister?} 893: {D: Bollister}? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: No I don't think I have. Just the long pillow that's all Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh Say you raised a lot of corn You'd say we raised a big what of corn? 893: um Ay ay ay. A big quantity? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Or a big uh... # uh amount Interviewer: #1 or we had a good-- # 893: #2 big big # a good crop Interviewer: uh huh. Um You say we expect to get a good crop from that field because the soil is very 893: Fertile. Interviewer: uh-huh. What different kinds of soil do they have around here? 893: Fertile and uh why I don't know really cause I-I never I have never been one to uh to do any planting {NW} I love plants I mean I like them and I I like uh flowers but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I don't take the time to be you know to be planting them and taking care of them and What uh I like most are uh are dogs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: and at the present time I have four four uh chihuahua dogs at at home. And I just love little dogs. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. I don't care much for the uh big ones Interviewer: Uh-huh 893: or cats or anything else like that but especially chihuahua dogs I love them. Interviewer: {D: uncertain?} Evette, you see a lot of chihuahua dogs in Mexico? 893: #1 yes they that they # Interviewer: #2 especially that's where they're from # 893: that's where they come from yes. And there are several sizes ah uh about five or six years ago I don't remember exactly uh I bought one for my for my daughter uh I have a daughter who lives in Dallas and she has a little girl who suffers asthma. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: and the doctor recommended for her to get her a chihuahua dog because they claim that something in its hair something in its in its body that they expel is good for asthma. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: So I bought her one and that little thing was already about six months old and she was just a tiny little ball. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: She never grew much but she was stolen from her. Interviewer: Mm. Is a chihuahua dog Are they good for asthma? 893: Well that's what they claim. That's what the doctor I I had heard about it before and then the doctor told my daughter to uh try and get uh uh chihuahua dog for the and for the dog to be as close to the little girl as possible. #1 because # Interviewer: #2 to sleep in the middle? # 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 # 893: They're They're clean Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: They're very clean dogs Interviewer: Yeah, I've heard something about that 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What you're talking about I don't know that I heard people say that that works but I never met anyone who had 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you know tried it. 893: Mm-hmm. Yes and uh I I have uh a long coat chihuahua Interviewer: Oh really? 893: Yeah. The kind I have uh two smooth chihuahuas no I one smooth well the other one's smooth also but she's a tailless. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: She's so cute cause her legs are so long {NW} You know they're Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Just uh too long for her body #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # She's tailless? 893: tailless, uh-huh. Yes, she was she was born with just a little stub of a tail. Interviewer: I've never seen that. 893: You haven't? well Interviewer: I saw one long haired one once. 893: #1 uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 And I was so surprised. # 893: uh-huh. And then I have one that's uh uh half uh pekingese and half chihuahua. Interviewer: She's the long hair #1 {X} # 893: #2 Well she has # uh quite a bit of long hair yes. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: But not uh but the long coat chihuahua has his hair longer than than this uh pekingese. Interviewer: Where did you where did you get the dogs? 893: Well the long hair one was given to me by uh one of my relatives who is now in Germany. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 But she used to live in San Antonio. # And she had uh she had the both Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Male and female. # And uh when uh she had puppies once she gave me one of them. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 and it's real cute real pretty. # And then the other smooth one my it was given to my daughter but she is to live in an uh an apartment Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 and they're not allowed pets. # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 So she gave it to me. # And then the other the tailless one a friend of my husband's has a a chihuahua female. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And he had promised him one and I already had those other two Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But since that man made it a special trip to bring that little dog to me I I just couldn't refuse it. {NW} #1 and # Interviewer: #2 It's really not much trouble {X} carry a small little dog # 893: Yes they're small but ay they make such an awful racket whenever they hear something or see someone or a car goes by. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: or you you think that uh oh I don't know there are houses full of burglars or something Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # something terrible is happening the way they carry on and make all that uh racket. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: But they're real cute. I enjoy them very much. Interviewer: {NW} Um What When you're talking about the the {D: song} did you ever hear the song called "Law" or "Lil" 893: No I don't think so. Interviewer: What about gumbo, or buckshot {D: lamb}? 893: Mm-mm. No. Interviewer: And The flatland along the river or a stream you'd call that 893: The flatland Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Next to a river or a stream. 893: I Interviewer: You ever hear of lowland or bottoms? 893: Yes lowland I have. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a field that's mighty good for raising hay or something? You call that a-- 893: Hmm? No I-I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a meadow or prairie-- 893: Oh yes a meadow and a prairie yes. uh Yes I used to uh to read about those things and uh and uh I know what a meadow is and I think it's a place where uh where cows go out to pasture. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a prairie? 893: A prairie is uh it's uh a land that does not have have uh too much vegetation I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that Is that a Spanish word? or 893: Prairie? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: No. No I don't think it is Spanish cause I learned that in school. Interviewer: uh huh. Do they have they don't um talk about meadow or prairie around here now, do they? 893: ah no, uh-uh. Interviewer: What about um land that has water standing on it? 893: Swamp? Interviewer: uh huh. 893: Mm. Interviewer: Anything else? #1 What is # 893: #2 uh # Interviewer: next to the the gulf? Saltwater. 893: Um No I-I don't know. uh I don't know you mention something to me and I'll tell you. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Did you ever hear of a a bog or marsh? Or some crawfish land anything like that? 893: I've heard of marsh yes and bog mm-hmm. Interviewer: Does #1 What do you think about # 893: #2 That that's uh # that's uh uh by the well just like a swamp only it's it's on a on the edge of a of uh saltwater. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Which is the marsh or- 893: Mm-hmm. A marsh. Interviewer: Mm. So it's not a bog? #1 that's {X} # 893: #2 a bog it's uh # Well I guess you you would uh apply the same uh definition. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are those words that you read or or they 893: Yes I I've uh well I've I've read about them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Yes uh huh Interviewer: You think we use those words here? 893: No I haven't heard uh those words in a long time. {NW} Interviewer: Um. Say if you had to land those little {X} you want to get the water off you say you're going to 893: Drain it? Interviewer: And what would you dig to drain the water off? 893: A ditch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about um something bigger than a ditch? That a small boat can go through? 893: a tunnel or uh um no um A tunnel or something that's underground. uh No uh uh I don't think I know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Say if you had a heavy rain in the water can add a little little bits little trench or ditch or something you call that a 893: No I don't well maybe maybe I've heard the word Interviewer: uh huh. 893: But uh I can't uh I can't think of it. Interviewer: You ever use the word gully or ravine or column? 893: A ravine is uh something I think that as you go on uh on the road or a highway it's something deep down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: On the edge of a of a road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: That's that's what I think a ravine is. Interviewer: Is that a another term that that you read or that people use or? 893: uh Well I've read about it yes. and I read about uh a definition. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And uh I guess yeah that's about all. Interviewer: It's not too common around here 893: No it isn't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if you had some water that was was a small stream of water you'd call that a 893: A pond? or uh Interviewer: Or if it's flowing? You'd call it a 893: A stream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What else? 893: A river Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Brook. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} Just tell me all the 893: {NW} Well that's about that's about all I know a river stream brook uh I guess that's all. Interviewer: What about crick or creek? 893: Creek. Yes uh huh a creek Interviewer: What's the difference between a creek and a brook? 893: Well a brook I think it's um uh clean water cl- uh clear clear water flows in a in a brook. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And a a creek is full of uh uh dirty water and weeds and grass and uh things that people would go and dump in it {NW} I guess that's that that's the difference. Interviewer: What about biome? Or biome? 893: Biome? Interviewer: Huh? 893: A biome um no we used to have that in geography but I can't remember. {NW} Interviewer: Do people use that term around here? 893: No uh uh Interviewer: What are some of the streams or rivers and so forth in this area? 893: Well there's the Rio Grande that divides uh Texas from uh from {D: Benoritas }from Mexico. And then uh Interviewer: Divides Texas from what? 893: from {D: Tamaritas} that's a state of {D: Tamaritas} Interviewer: oh. 893: {NW} and uh well and then in Corpus there's the Nueces River. In San Antonio there's San Antonio river. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: and uh there's Interviewer: Go ahead. 893: there's part of the gulf in in Corpus. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And uh around here that's that's about all I can think of. Interviewer: What about the creeks or brooks around here? 893: oh we have uh Descartes Creek uh I live close to part of Descartes Creek myself. Interviewer: Is that what you call it You call that a creek? 893: Uh huh yes. Interviewer: What about the Spanish? 893: Arroyo? Interviewer: Uh huh 893: Arroyo. Interviewer: Which do people usually call it? #1 {X} # 893: #2 Arroyo # Interviewer: #1 uh huh. # 893: #2 Me Arroyo. # Interviewer: They don't call it creek much. 893: No uh uh No well uh I live in a neighborhood where uh the English language is not uh it's not spoken very much or very often so we we just call it {D:spelling} De Arroyo and uh Sometimes when uh It's mentioned in the paper Sometimes instead instead of saying uh of {D: beriding} the the uh {D: Desecartes} creek say they Arroyo {D: Desecartes}. {NW} Interviewer: What are the other creeks around here? {D: Le Chequan} Creek. That's over here on this area. Mm-hmm. 893: The {D: Chequan} Creek {D: Desecartes} Creek and I guess that's about all. Interviewer: What do those names mean? 893: {D: Chaquan}? Interviewer: Uh huh. Does does that mean anything? or is it... 893: Well there's a a a name of the {D: Chaquan} I mean Somebody's last name is {D: Chaquan} Interviewer: #1 It's named after somebody? # 893: #2 Uh huh. # I guess. uh huh. And there's a area there the {D: Chaquan} area Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And I guess that's why it's it's called the the {D: Chaquan} Creek. Interviewer: What about the the 893: Descartes? Interviewer: uh huh. #1 {X} # 893: #2 El {D: boyo Desacartes? Desacarte} means grass. # So I don't know why it's called that maybe it's because the grass it's too grassy or could be that I don't know I've always you know just heard it named {D: Desacartes} Creek but otherwise I don't I don't know the reason why Interviewer: Y'all ever call it Grass Creek {D: otherwise} 893: No uh uh No it's always called Descartes Creek or the uh of the Arroyo Descartes. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um say if you have a stream that's flowing along and suddenly drops off the water goes on over #1 goes downstream # 893: #2 a waterfall. # Interviewer: uh huh. And a place where boats stop and where crates unload is 893: That's a port. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And a small rise in land would be a 893: A hill. Interviewer: mm-kay. Anything else? 893: No not #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: Sorry. Go ahead. {NW} No that's all. a a hill. Interviewer: To open the door you take hold of the door 893: Knob. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word knob talking about land? 893: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something to hold up bigger than anything else? 893: A mountain. Interviewer: Uh huh. And the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp 893: Um Yes I know what you're talking about Interviewer: Say someone fell off the 893: Cliff Interviewer: uh huh. And how about several of those you talked about several. 893: Several? Interviewer: Several? 893: Cliffs. Interviewer: Uh huh. And up in the mountains when the road goes across in a low place but still up in the mountains not not the valley just that low place between mountains would be called a 893: Between the mountains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear of a gap or a pass? 893: A gap I have. yes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the gunfighters on television for every man they kill they cut a little 893: Notch. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. # Wonder if people really did that. 893: I don't know {NW} Interviewer: I guess at one time there was. 893: Mm. Interviewer: The radio was was a western. 893: Yes way back before it was it was settled by you know by uh big uh community or uh big uh uh several uh families or something like that I guess it was kind of wild then {NW} Interviewer: You ever hear any stories about way back then? 893: Well uh no uh uh. I have uh some clippings that uh used to come in in uh El Dorado times about uh uh and I kept them because I thought it would be useful for my grandchildren. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Uh for their history or whatever. About the the founders you know like Loretta but I never took the time to read them. I just cut them out and put them away {NW} Interviewer: Do do your grandchildren live any of your grandchildren live here? 893: Yes I have a grandson who lives with me and I have a granddaughter who lives also with me but at present is in she's in San Antonio like I told you yesterday. but she's just itching to come back. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: Yes uh well in fact I raised four three of my grandchildren. four with Eddie. I raised three of one daughter and and this this one that's staying with me at the present time I'm taking care of him. Well at intervals. He stays with me at times and then he goes to his mother and then he comes back. Interviewer: Just like your aunt? 893: Mm-hmm. Yes uh huh Interviewer: Does Do you do tell me where your Mexican relatives are from and is that in the interior or is it on the border? #1 your # 893: #2 my relatives? # are uh have all been uh born here and uh in the United States. Interviewer: uh I mean your your 893: #1 Ancestors? # Interviewer: #2 Ancestors # 893: Yes, they were uh yes around here around the area. Interviewer: uh huh. 893: Not too far inside of Mexico. uh huh. Interviewer: Does Mexico change very much as you as you go further down? Toward the interior? 893: Well ah there are some parts that uh have a very lovely climate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Like uh {D: Jualalahanan} and it it's also a very beautiful city. And it has a uh I think it's the largest uh lake in Mexico. Lake Chapala. And um Saltillo is a has a very good climate too. {D: Monterrey} is real hot just like it is here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So that's pretty near the border 893: Mm-hmm. {NW} Yes it is. it's only about a what {X} city in that area? # I don't know I've never been there. I've never been to Mexico city. I've uh been uh asked to go Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And I've had the opportunity to go but somehow I guess God doesn't want me to go there because it just has never materialized. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Do you wanna go? 893: Well at first I did. but then uh what I've heard now that it's such a a lot of uh traffic and uh people living like I imagine something like Chicago in apartments. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 One on top of the other # You know and uh all that uh uh well that that uh I what do you call it oh that A lot of uh families #1 living in in # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: in one building. Interviewer: #1 The slums # 893: #2 no # #1 that I don't like # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 893: {NW} #1 You didn't like your apartment? # Interviewer: #2 ay # 893: No, not at all. Interviewer: {NW} 893: I was so disappointed even when I entered the city. Interviewer: #1 wha- # 893: #2 I don't # know what I expected eh but I didn't expect what I saw. No I just uh as soon as I became employed I came back home. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 unemployed I mean. # And I had I was very lucky to be employed there right away cause I got there on a Saturday and uh the following Monday I started working. and I worked the whole year through but uh I just didn't like it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about San Antonio? Do you like San Antonio? 893: Well I like it uh to go for a pleasure trip. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Pleasure trip but not not for living in San Antonio I don't think that I as I said yesterday I don't think I would uh live uh comfortably or uh at ease anywhere else but here. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. {NW} # Oh One thing I wanted to ask you about b before I forget um you were telling me yesterday about the evil eye 893: uh huh. Yes. Interviewer: Is there any um any cure that you've ever heard? If you think someone's trying to give you the evil eye? #1 is there any? # 893: #2 ah # Well um yes there is it's as uh strange as it may seem to you and to other people that uh uh probably you know they just think it's just old wives' tales. #1 or # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: That it's just superstitions or that it's just uh um a what do you call it um a what d- uh witchcraft Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm. # 893: #2 or # whatever but uh it's true and I really believe in it because I've seen it happen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: About uh twenty something odd years ago I used to have a neighbor. and uh they had a son. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 and # that son had a very good friend of his Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And this boy's mother was always talking about the the son's friend's little sister Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And "oh she's so cute and you don't know her?" She would ask me and I'd say "no I've never seen her." "Oh she's a very pretty little girl" she was must the kid must have been about three years old I guess Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: So one day I was over at her house and uh another sister came and and was dragging the little girl to had the little girl by the hand. And then this lady told me "This is little the little girl I was telling you about." And I turned around and looked at her and she just didn't uh inspire any attraction to me or #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 anything # 893: you know cause she was kind of homely looking. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: All I I just looked at her you know and I thought to myself "Well my goodness she's made such an awful big thing about #1 this # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: little girl I said she's not even pretty. And that was all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: So they went home and around midnight this boy's sister Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 came # knocking on my door and said that the little girl was very sick. and I said is she she wanted me to go over to her house. And I said well what for? She said "because you gave the little girl the evil eye" And I said why I wasn't even attracted to the to the little girl I said Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 uh # I didn't even like her cause she's so homely. and uh she said well just just to be on the safe side uh Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 don't # be mean let's go. and uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh See what what can be done for the little girl. And the mother said ever since she had gone back from that house that the little girl started uh with a high temperature and #1 She started # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: uh to get sleepy and she started throwing up and uh and uh she wouldn't eat, she couldn't eat, {NS} and she had a high fever and and she was uh sleeping you know but she was restless at the time at the same time and uh the lady said well go ahead and and touch her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: So I did you know I went and touched her all over and uh and you won't believe this but before I left the little girl was well. {NW} Interviewer: There was there was nothing they could have done though besides getting you to come #1 touch her? # 893: #2 ah yes # uh There's uh if you take um an egg Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And you start uh rubbing that that person with that egg and uh Interviewer: #1 You don't crack it? # 893: #2 The egg # No. No just a whole as it is. And you start uh in a in a in a cross sign #1 see? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: And you start uh praying the creed uh or Father's creed? or the Interviewer: How does that go? 893: uh I believe in the holy I #1 believe in the # Interviewer: #2 oh # 893: in the holy lent uh what? Interviewer: #1 I believe in god # 893: #2 I believe in god the holy spirit and # Interviewer: #1 yeah # 893: #2 and yeah # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Well that's a creed you know # and you start Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh rubbing the the the person with a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: With an egg and the and the cross you know making crosses and and Interviewer: #1 On the head? # 893: #2 And uh # On the head everywhere all over Interviewer: uh huh.. 893: All over. and uh praying the the the creed you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: until you've uh gone through all of her body #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 You know # 893: Her face and everything or #1 his face # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 893: whatever. And then you crack the the the egg in a glass bowl of water or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: half full of water and there were times when uh that in the egg yolk you #1 could see an eye. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: In the egg yolk. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: It's rather funny and rather uh unbelievable but uh but true like #1 Ripley's # Interviewer: #2 uh huh. # 893: {NW} Interviewer: Well how how do you um how long how long 893: #1 Does it take? # Interviewer: #2 does it take a person? # 893: to to feel the symptoms? Interviewer: uh huh. 893: Almost right away. #1 Like this # Interviewer: #2 If someone's giving you the evil eye # 893: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 is that # 893: well you would start feeling you know uh depressed you would start feeling uh running a high fever. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh with an upset stomach and uh aching all over like as if you had the flu or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you after you've got the egg egg yolk in the in the water 893: in the water mm-hmm Interviewer: How then what do you do? #1 How long do you watch it? # 893: #2 you uh # If a person well usually the person uh who's who has or has had the evil eye goes to sleep right after that person is rubbed with that egg. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: It goes to sleep and then you place that um that egg or that glass rather with the egg in it under her bed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Uh Right directly uh under the head and you just leave it there overnight. The following day is throw it out. drain I mean flush it out or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Whatever. Interviewer: Does that work? 893: Yes. Yes. Mm-hmm. It's about the besides having the person {NS} touch the the the ill person Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 893: #2 That's about the only thing # Interviewer: #1 That's the second method. # 893: #2 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: {NS} Are there any other customs like that? #1 Mexican customs # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that that people still believe in here? 893: No No like I say uh um it's uh like I say that most {NS} people don't even Come in Yes ma'am. {NS} {NW} {NS} It's on. You want to sing? {NS} {NW} {NS} Think about it. Interviewer: {NW} {NS} um {NS} {NS} 893: It's come apart. {NS} {NS} {X} Interviewer: {NW} {NS} {NS} um What different kinds of roads are there around here? 893: Well there's uh few farm roads and uh dirt roads {NS} and highways and {NS} and uh expressway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And that's about all. Interviewer: What about roads that aren't paved roads? 893: {NS} Dirt roads. Interviewer: uh huh. What if they're they put some 893: gravel? Interviewer: uh huh. Say a a white paved road would you call that a 893: White? Interviewer: uh huh. 893: White paved road? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. the hard paved road that you know the white surface with 893: oh um asphalt? or uh uh I {NS} I can't think of anything. Interviewer: You ever talk about concrete roads or cement roads? 893: Concrete uh huh. Yes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And 893: thank you. Interviewer: A little road that turns off the main road 893: uh that's a a a a {NS} What's it called inters- interstate? Or uh Interviewer: #1 But just a little # 893: #2 Or a farm # farm road or a Interviewer: What about a road that has trees or a fence on both sides of it? 893: A road that has trees or fence a private a private road? Interviewer: Do you ever use the word lane? 893: Yes uh huh. Interviewer: What is a lane? 893: A lane or a boulevard Interviewer: #1 uh huh # 893: #2 is a # is a a street {NS} wider than the other street. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. It doesn't have to have trees or #1 anything on it # 893: #2 No # uh uh. Just a it's wider than a than the regular {NS} regular streets they're called lanes or boulevards. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a road that leads up to a person's house? 893: {NS} That's a driveway. Interviewer: Huh? 893: A driveway? Interviewer: Uh huh. And something along the side of the street for people to walk on. 893: A sidewalk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any old fashioned names it's called? 893: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Is it 893: Almost five. My goodness ten minutes to five. We have to start closing. Interviewer: #1 um what about the # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: thing the strip of grass between the grass and the street? {NS} 893: um Interviewer: Did you ever hear a name for that? 893: I don't know I may have. #1 I may have # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: but I'm not sure. Interviewer: Okay. 893: {NW} But the politics? Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: No I don't. Interviewer: Cause it's something 893: That's something I I don't know anything about. {NW} Interviewer: I'm {D: word?} a lot of bumper stickers #1 on cars # 893: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 and everything like that. # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Have you interviewed many people? Interviewer: I'm talking to you know {NS} 893: uh no I've heard of him. #1 what happened to him # Interviewer: #2 Well I'm talking to him # 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: then then you 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I'm with two people so far. um Say you were walking along a a road and an animal jumped out and scared you. You'd say I I picked up a 893: A rock Interviewer: And I 893: threw it at him. Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: Threw it at him. Interviewer: {NS} Anything else to say besides you threw it at him? 893: {NS} Hurled. Interviewer: Mmkay. What about chunked or flung or pitched? 893: Flung. Or pitched. Interviewer: uh huh. 893: But not chunked I hadn't heard that word. Interviewer: #1 uh huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And say you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered. You say well I guess he's not 893: Home. Interviewer: Mmkay. And Someone's walking in your direction. You say they're coming straight 893: At me. Interviewer: or They're walking straight what me? 893: Straight at me or straight uh towards me Interviewer: Mmkay. And if you went into town and happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing You'd say this morning I just happened to run 893: into Interviewer: Mmkay. And a child's given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child 893: It's identical or the same. Interviewer: uh huh. But the child was named 893: After the mother. Interviewer: Mmkay. And something that people drink for breakfast. 893: Milk. Coffee. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Tea. # Interviewer: And if you wanted some coffee and there wasn't any ready you'd say I have to go 893: And make some coffee. Interviewer: Mmkay. And talk about putting milk in your coffee. You'd say some people like it 893: Black. Interviewer: Mmkay. And other people like coffee 893: With cream. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Or coffee # with milk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Any other names for # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 black coffee? # 893: For black coffee? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression drinking coffee barefooted? 893: No. {NW} No I haven't. Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you say if you don't put um milk in your coffee You say you don't drink your coffee with milk you drink it 893: uh black. Interviewer: Or what milk? You don't drink it with milk you drink it 893: Black or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: That's all or uh well if it doesn't uh if I don't take any milk in my coffee I have to drink my coffee uh black. Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: or use a substitute powdered milk Interviewer: Mmkay. And You tell a child um you can eat what's put before you. or you can do 893: without. Interviewer: and something that's um say if you were real thirsty you'd go to the sink and pour yourself a 893: glass a drink. Interviewer: #1 yeah # 893: #2 Or a glass full of water. # Interviewer: uh huh. and you said the glass fell off the sink and 893: broke. Interviewer: but somebody has 893: broken Interviewer: okay. But I didn't mean to 893: break it. {NW} Interviewer: And if you were real thirsty you'd say I what 893: Drank. Interviewer: Huh? 893: Drank. Interviewer: Mmkay. And you'd say how much have you 893: Drank. Interviewer: And we certainly do 893: Drink. Interviewer: and Say I'm talking about how how far away something is you'd say well I don't know exactly how far away it is but it's just a 893: quite a distance? Interviewer: Or it's just a a little 893: um a little uh well how should I word it? A little distance. or not too far. Interviewer: Or you just maybe it's just a little #1 what up the road? # 893: #2 a little way. # Interviewer: Mmkay. And if you've been traveling and still haven't got five hundred miles to go you say he still had a 893: I still had a a long stretch or a Interviewer: Mmkay. 893: uh a certain number of miles Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever say you have a far piece to go? Do you ever say it that way? 893: {NW} Far piece? Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: No I wouldn't I I wouldn't say piece I'd have I'd say I'd say quite a distance or I'd say it was still or far away from our destination Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or uh it's uh it's still quite far to where we're going. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And something that was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you say oh you can find that just about 893: Anywhere. Interviewer: And If someone slips and fell this way he fell over 893: Backwards. Interviewer: And this way 893: forward. Interviewer: And Say if you had been fishing and I asked you did you catch any fish you might say no but one no 893: No I didn't? Interviewer: uh huh. Do you ever say Nary one? 893: Nearly one? Interviewer: Nary one. 893: Nary a one? No uh uh Interviewer: #1 You ever hear of that? # 893: #2 No # Yes I've heard it but I never use that word. Interviewer: Who would say that? 893: I don't know uh Some people from uh The Ozarks I guess. #1 um # Interviewer: #2 uh huh # 893: I don't know who who I think that's where I heard it. Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: Now that I Now that I remember that they used to say unbeknownst and we-ins and you-ins {NW} Interviewer: You don't hear that around here. 893: uh no uh uh I thought it was so funny and it still tickles me when I think about it cause my daughter the one who lives in Dallas Well those people I don't know when I heard about Dallas you know I I uh Well I've always heard that it's such a big place you know and a really beautiful city and whatever. And I never thought that I'd get to uh to see people or or hear people with uh using those expressions weins and youins and Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 (NW) # Interviewer: What if What do you say if you're taking to a whole group of people? #1 You would # 893: #2 I'm talking to them. # Interviewer: Uh huh. Well if you're say um Say if you're fixing to leave your house you say Well I hope 893: You Interviewer: uh huh Would you ever say You all or y'all? 893: No I say all of you #1 I don't say you all. # Interviewer: #2 uh huh. # 893: I say all of you. Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: But uh I I've heard yes that's that's uh very common here. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 in {D: Morido} that you all # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But I never use it myself. I always say all of you. Interviewer: Uh huh. What if you're there there's a group of people at your house and you're asking them them about everybody's coaching them. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You'd say where are 893: Your coats? Interviewer: uh huh. Would you ever say you all's coats? or 893: No. Interviewer: #1 any # 893: #2 Where are your coats # Interviewer: #1 uh huh # 893: #2 or uh # You can put your coats over here or all of you can use this place for your coats. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS} And if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you say you 893: Cleaned it. Interviewer: And when you're plowing um the trench that the plow cuts that's called a 893: No I wouldn't know. Interviewer: #1 You ever hear # 893: #2 I don't know anything about farming # {NW} Interviewer: you ever hear or furrow? or fur 893: furrow? Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: F-U-R-R-O-W ? Interviewer: uh huh. 893: Yes I've heard of it. Yes uh huh Interviewer: or #1 {X} # 893: #2 A furrow # A furrow is the the little uh uh indentation or whatever that it's made with a plow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did You know if you're plowing with two horses 893: {NW} Interviewer: You never never plowed before? Well 893: No I don't know {NW} Interviewer: Anyway did did you ever hear what the horse is being called a lead horse or {D: word} nigh horse, or off horse or anything like that? 893: No uh uh. Interviewer: And when you're in a wagon or when you're plowing or working horses and you what you hold in your hands to guide them with you call that a 893: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: What about when you're riding on one? You What do you hold in your hands? 893: The reins? Interviewer: uh huh. Would you call it reins if it's with a wagon or 893: Yes I think so. Interviewer: uh huh. And you put your feet in the 893: In the stirrup. Interviewer: okay. And Before you can hitch a horse to a buggy or wagon what do you have to do to them? When you put all the #1 What do you call the thing you # 893: #2 the the # Interviewer: you put on it? 893: The bridle? Or uh the Interviewer: Do you ever hear 893: #1 the # Interviewer: #2 a # 893: #1 a what? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Do you ever hear people you're gonna say uh gear them up or harness them 893: Harness yes. But not gear. Interviewer: #1 uh huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and wheat is tied up into a 893: Wheat is tied up into a I don't know into a a bane or a stack or a {NW} Interviewer: Mmkay. And talk about how much wheat you got from the neighbor You say we raised forty what wheat today? Forty 893: forty bushels? Forty... Interviewer: Mmkay. And Say there was something that we had to do today just the two of us. You could say we'll have to do it. Or instead of saying we You could say 893: We will or we'll Interviewer: Or if you don't use the word we. You could say 893: Both of us Interviewer: uh huh. Would you ever say uh me and you or you and I? 893: You and I. Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if you were talking about some man and yourself? 893: He and I. Interviewer: Mmkay. And If you knock at the door and somebody asks who's there and they recognize your voice You might answer it's 893: It's me. Interviewer: Mmkay. And if it was a man at the door. You say it's 893: Him. Interviewer: Mmkay. And if it's a woman? 893: It's she. Interviewer: And it's two people? 893: It's them. Interviewer: Mmkay. And talk about how tall you are. You say he's not as tall as 893: I am Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall 893: As he is. Interviewer: And he can do that better than 893: Than I Interviewer: And Say someone has been running for two miles and they had to stop you'd say Two miles is what he could go two miles is 893: As far as he could go? Or Interviewer: Mmkay. Do you ever say the farthest or all the farther he could go or 893: The farthest Interviewer: #1 huh? # 893: #2 The farthest? # Interviewer: Mmkay. 893: Farthest. Interviewer: #1 You hear that word much? # 893: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: Or does it sound sort of funny? 893: no it doesn't sound funny I mean it's proper. Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: Farthest farther Interviewer: uh huh. 893: Far. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And say something belongs to me you'd say it's 893: It's hers. Interviewer: Or if you're talking to me you'd ask me 893: It's yours. Interviewer: Mmkay. If it belongs to both of us it's 893: ours. Interviewer: And to them? 893: It's theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 893: It's his. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Did you hear # In Ozark did you hear people say hisum? 893: Hisum yeah. {NW} Interviewer: #1 No hisum or theirsum here. # 893: #2 {NW} No uh uh. # Like when they refer to washing something I haven't washed and I haven't {D: rinsed} Interviewer: Uh huh. uh huh. 893: And it sounds so funny to me Interviewer: {NW} 893: And my daughter says that {NS} When first she got married and she went to to live there in Dallas and she started talking to her in-laws and they thought that uh she speaks funny. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: And we think that they're the ones #1 who speak funny. # Interviewer: #2 uh huh {NW}. # That's a a big difference. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh Say there'd been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and later on you were asking about the people that had gone you ask someone 893: uh who was there. Interviewer: uh huh. Do you ever say who all was there? 893: No. uh uh. Interviewer: Have you heard that around here? 893: Yes I have. But uh I I don't use that Interviewer: uh huh 893: That word. I say I would I would ask who was there or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Who attended or who was able to go Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But not who all was there. {NW} Interviewer: Uh huh. Uh Say there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family You'd ask about them children are they? You say 893: Who's children are they? Interviewer: #1 uh huh # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: But what about who all's children are they? 893: No uh uh. Interviewer: That tells {X}? 893: Uh huh yes it does. Interviewer: And say if you were asking about all of the speakers of arts You know everything he said You'd ask him one did he say? 893: Did he say uh Interviewer: if if you haven't been able to hear the speech 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You'd ask him with well 893: What did he say? Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How about what all did he say? 893: No. Uh uh. {NW} Interviewer: And If no one else will look out for them You say they've got to look out for 893: Themselves. Interviewer: And no one else will do it for him He better do it 893: Himself. Interviewer: And You say this morning at seven o clock I what breakfast? 893: Ate. Interviewer: And yesterday 893: Or I had breakfast. Interviewer: Yesterday that I had #1 I # 893: #2 I had # breakfast. Interviewer: I already 893: eaten. Interviewer: Mmkay. And tomorrow I will 893: Eat. Interviewer: And um The two parts inside parts of the egg are the 893: uh yolk and the um white. Interviewer: Uh huh. What color is the yolk? 893: Yellow. Interviewer: Mmkay. And to cook them in hot water you call them 893: Well either a soft boiled or hard boiled. Or well you mean uh cook them in in the water that's poached a poached egg. uh huh. Interviewer: And Say I'm you could take um milk or cream and mix that with sugar or nutmeg and make a sort of sweet liquid that you could pour over pudding you'd call that a 893: A sauce? Interviewer: Mmkay. And Something kind of like a a fruit pie that has several layers of fruit and dough in it. You'd call that a 893: Cobbler? Interviewer: Mmkay. Did you ever hear of a a family pie or a sack pie? 893: no. Uh uh. Interviewer: And the first thing you have to do after milking is to get the impurity out you have to 893: boil? Interviewer: Or you you run the pour the milk through a sort of a 893: uh colander or a sieve Interviewer: uh huh. 893: or a Interviewer: #1 and # 893: #2 a # Interviewer: to to do what to it? 893: To uh Interviewer: Say if you took it in a some people take something like even a flour sack 893: #1 yeah a cheesecloth or something # Interviewer: #2 and pour it through there # 893: uh huh. Interviewer: And they what do they say they're doing? 893: I don't know. {NW} They're uh I don't know I can't think of it. Interviewer: Mmkay. And milk that you you let sit in and get thick 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You call that 893: Buttermilk. Interviewer: #1 well # 893: #2 or # Interviewer: if it's been churning it's buttermilk. 893: uh huh. Interviewer: What if it hasn't been churning? 893: Sour milk? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of um {X} or curdled milk or 893: Curdled yes uh huh. Interviewer: You've heard of curdled? 893: Curdled uh huh. Interviewer: What about {X}? #1 You ever hear? # 893: #2 No, uh uh. # Interviewer: Is there anything you can make out of curdled milk? 893: Yes, biscuits. And uh buttermilk and you can use sour milk for breads. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: and for cookies. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Some # Recipes call for sour milk for cookies and there are several #1 things that # Interviewer: #2 uh huh. # 893: can be uh made with with sour milk or or buttermilk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I guess cheesecake is one of them. #1 I'm not sure # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: but {NW} I guess. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a kind of cheese made from it? 893: Yes. uh huh. Interviewer: What kind of cheese? 893: All kinds of cheese I think are made out Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm. # 893: #2 of # out of milk or sour milk. #1 in fact # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: I like the cheese they make across the river. Interviewer: What cheese is that? 893: That's well I don't know what they call it it's it's a round uh it's they just call it. Interviewer: #1 that # 893: #2 cheese # Interviewer: That round white? 893: #1 Yeah uh huh. # Interviewer: #2 I've seen that. # 893: Yes it's very good. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 893: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The Spanish name for that? 893: Queso. Interviewer: Queso? 893: Q-U-E-S-O. Interviewer: uh huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do they 893: I don't know the procedure but I know it's made out out of sour milk. Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: And it's some of it is uh pressed until all of the of the water is taken out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And it it it tastes very good. And others I don't know how how they uh make it but there's this kind of cheese that it just crumbles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And then there's this other kind of cheese that when you uh when you cook it we used to do that at home a lot my grandmother used to Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: Used to cook that kind of cheese that kind of uh threads. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 893: See it doesn't it doesn't crumble and it doesn't melt it just it just threads. And it's so good. Interviewer: That's a #1 Spanish # 893: #2 in Spanish, yes. # uh huh. It's called what? Asadera. Asadera. A-S-A-D-E-R-A. Interviewer: That a kind of that threads? 893: That threads, uh huh. But it tastes real good. My grandmother used to chop up uh onion and tomato Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And fry it in uh real hot uh real hot either oil or lard or whatever. And then she'd add a little milk or a little water or both and then put that that cheese there until it started bubbling until it started threading oh, it was #1 delicious. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: {NW} Interviewer: {X} {X} Does it taste uh similar to the 893: #1 to this cheese yes. # Interviewer: #2 to the round cheese? # 893: uh huh. Only the round cheese crumbles like I said it crumbles Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. It doesn't thread. # 893: #2 and the and the other one doesn't. # Mm-hmm. They use that white cheese mostly for enchiladas. Interviewer: Oh. 893: {NW} But I like my enchiladas with American cheese. {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 In fact I like # I like them with pimento cheese better than than American cheese. Interviewer: Pimento cheese? 893: Uh huh. Interviewer: I've never 893: {NW} Interviewer: Never heard of doing that. 893: Yes I I've Well I mean I uh I made that up. #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 uh huh # 893: my grandmother always used to to like to use that Mexican cheese. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But then uh you would have to well here you very seldom find Mexican cheese. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: So I thought it one time I'd try it with uh pimento. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And I loved them. Interviewer: {NW} 893: And I'd try I tried them with American cheese and they don't taste as good as they do with pimento. Interviewer: {NW} that's Never heard of doing that before. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um Say someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his 893: Food. Interviewer: And food taken between regular meals would be called a 893: snack. Interviewer: And say dinner was on the table {NS} and the {X} was standing around the table. You'd tell him to 893: Sit down? Interviewer: Mmkay. So you say so then he 893: He sat. Interviewer: And um no one was standing because everybody had 893: Had sat. Interviewer: And if you were filling up to wait until the potatoes were passed over to him you'd tell him just go ahead and 893: start eating. Interviewer: or go ahead and what? If you you You tell someone you know don't don't wait until they're passed to you. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Everybody just go ahead and you say take some or help yourself 893: #1 Yeah help yourself. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Mmkay. So then he went ahead and 893: helped himself. Interviewer: And I ask him to pass me the beans since he had already 893: Helped himself. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say hoped? He hope himself? 893: No {NW} No I I heard I've heard people say it was uh ke- ket. Instead of kept. Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: Ket ket Interviewer: #1 yeah # 893: #2 or something like that. # Interviewer: #1 Kep # 893: #2 Kep # Interviewer: #1 yeah # 893: #2 uh huh # kep they don't sound the T. Interviewer: {NW} 893: Say they kep #1 like kep it # Interviewer: #2 uh huh. # 893: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NW} um If you decide not to accept something someone offers you something that you don't want you say no thank you I don't 893: Like it. Or I don't care for it. Interviewer: {NS} And food's been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been 893: It has uh been uh reheated. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you put them in your mouth and then you begin to 893: Chew. Interviewer: And say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 893: swallow. Interviewer: He could chew it but he couldn't 893: swallow? Interviewer: Mmkay. And something um peas and beets and carrots and so forth that you grow yourself you call those 893: Vegetables. Interviewer: Mmkay. And a place where you grow them. 893: A vegetable garden. Interviewer: Any special name for the vegetables that you're growing yourself or? 893: I don't grow them vegetables. Interviewer: Mmkay. And this is something uh it's it's a starch it's it's white it's made from a grain it grows in in wet places I don't know if it grows around here or not. But people in China and Japan eat it a lot. 893: Rice? Interviewer: Uh huh. Does that grow around here? 893: Not that I know of. Interviewer: I guess Louisiana 893: No I don't I don't I've never known. Mm-mm. Interviewer: And something that um this is a sort of southern food 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 um # it's made from ground up corn a lot of times um You eat it for breakfast along with 893: Oh uh uh mash or uh grits? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something that's um made out of corn but it's not ground up? It's just the whole kernels. 893: #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 just # 893: a veg- corn or uh yeah that's about. Interviewer: But do you ever hear hominy or lye corn 893: Oh yes hominy uh huh yes. Interviewer: What's the difference between hominy and grits? 893: Well grits is uh the corn when it's uh when it's dry and it's ground coarse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And hominy well I've only seen it in cans {NW} but hominy is uh more like uh it expands it uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: It's a it's a bigger or it's a bigger kernel I don't know. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 893: #2 And it's white. # Interviewer: Uh huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about mush? How do you make mush? 893: You boil the corn meal till it's kind of uh well I wouldn't say it's likely hard but uh uh hard enough so it can be sliced Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And then it's fried I guess and then it's it uh uh uh it's poured uh either molasses or syrup it's poured over over it. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Anything else you make out of cornmeal like that? 893: Corn meal cornbread? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What else? 893: Um Well I I uh cover pieces of fish on uh with cornmeal and fry it. Interviewer: You ever hear of cush cush or? #1 {X}? # 893: #2 No uh uh. # Interviewer: It's something like mush. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um what about foreign dodger? You ever heard of that? 893: No I haven't. Interviewer: And talk about how much flour might be in a sack you might say a a sack might have five 893: pounds. Interviewer: And say there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's 893: baker bread. Interviewer: Mmkay. What different kinds of {X}? 893: Bread that has flour. Interviewer: Are there 893: Oh you can make pies cakes uh bread uh uh French bread uh doughnuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Cookies. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: All kinds of uh of bread can be made out of flour. Interviewer: Do you ever use the expression white bread or #1 rye bread? # 893: #2 Yes # white bread rye bread #1 lye bread. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # What's the difference? Between white bread and lye bread? 893: Well white bread is just uh made out of enriched flour I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: {NS} I don't know but light bread I I've heard and I've eaten uh uh rye bread and uh and uh raisin bread Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And white bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And uh wheat bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But not I I don't know what light bread but. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: If it's any different from from the white bread. Interviewer: {X} I think it's #1 # 893: #2 it's the same # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um What do you put in bread to make it rise? 893: Yeast. Interviewer: And Any other name for doughnuts? 893: Uh {NS} Yes I've heard of a name of another name for doughnuts but but uh Interviewer: {D: Do you ever hear of cruller?} 893: {D: Cruller?} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: C-R-O- double L R-E-S. uh-huh. But very seldom. It's very seldom #1 that I've heard that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Did you hear it around here? # 893: #2 {NW} # No uh uh. I don't remember I don't remember whether I've I've heard that or I've I've seen it written. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} Either one. {NW} Interviewer: Um You know when you um kill a hog what different kinds of of meat do you get from the hog? 893: Well you get bacon. pork chops fried pork rinds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And Interviewer: That's the skin? #1 The rind? # 893: #2 Mm-hmm yes. # uh-huh. Pork skins, rather. Alright well they call it rinds #1 and skin. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: And uh pork roast Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And uh the hog heads Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: They're used to They're used for tamales during the especially during Christmas season. Interviewer: #1 They're used for what? # 893: #2 In # tamales? Have you ever eaten tamales? Interviewer: I don't think so. 893: No? They're very good. They're made with uh this dough that the corn tortillas are made out of Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: And you use the the corn husks Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: They have to be put in water to be softened. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And then the dough is fixed with um with a lot of lard Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And uh you cook your uh your pork with several spices and chili powder or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I use chili powder the the easy way other people mostly in Mexico they take these long red chilies Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 and # boil them or and then vein them and I don't know what other procedure they #1 process # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: They go through and and then they're uh uh ground Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 and then # they're added to the it's added to the to the meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But I just take the the chili powder out of the bottle and just #1 pour it # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: it's a whole lot easier. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # You take the this the corn husks that 893: #1 and the and then you yes # Interviewer: #2 make {X} with the corn? # 893: And then you um see you take that corn husk and uh spread the dough on the corn husk. #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: put the meat in the middle and roll it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And put it in a in a pot into a with very little water mostly it's steamed Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: See and the they sell uh tamales in cans. it's about the same thing of course they don't taste as good as homemade. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # What else can you make from the hog's head? 893: No that's all I know. Interviewer: You ever heard of hog head cheese or sauce? 893: Oh yes uh-huh. Hog head cheese is very good too uh-huh. Interviewer: Do they make that around here? 893: No Well they sell it here I don't know whether it's made here or not {X} they sell it in mark- in the meat markets. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about something out of the liver of the hog? What can you make with that? 893: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: You ever heard of liver sausage or liver pudding or white pudding? 893: No. Mm-mm. Interviewer: What about the blood? 893: Out of a hog? #1 Out of hogs? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: I wouldn't know. I've we Mexicans eat {D: the cabrito} blood that's young young goat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But I haven't I don't know what uh what the hog's blood would be good for. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} How do you eat the the goat's blood? 893: Well uh The way I used to fix them {D: when cabritos were not as expensive as they are now} uh I would take the say the heart and the kidneys and the uh well I don't know what else. uh the the liver. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And chop it up real good and fry it and add some uh {D: oedenano and} pepper and salt and {C: Spanish: cominos} and grind that up real good and add it to the to that to those things that I #1 had chopped up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: And then the the blood is mashed real good until it's almost all liquid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And then just pour it over the that meat and just let it boil for a while. And it's very good. Interviewer: Mm. What do you mean it's mashed 'til it's liquid? 893: Well yeah because when you uh when you uh get it you know it it's coagulated or it's #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 oh I see # 893: See? It's in a big like a big clot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: And you have to mash that to to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: separate it or to make it almost #1 liquid. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: {NW} Interviewer: What what's that called once you cook it? 893: uh {C: Spanish: fritada.} {C: Spanish: Fritada.} Interviewer: {C: Spanish: Fritada.} 893: Uh-huh. F-R-I-T-A-D-A. Interviewer: Huh. Anything else you do you always use goat meat for that? 893: Yes. Uh-huh. Interviewer: You ever heard of scrapple or pon haus? Something out of the hog? 893: #1 No. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #2 Made with the hog meat? # And something that um kind of the the fat pork you can use for boiling with greens. the 893: Salt pork. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Any other names for salt pork? 893: No I don't think so. Interviewer: I don't guess that's used in cooking around here much. 893: No I use it for beans. #1 When beans not # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 893: as high as they are now. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: Now it seems that beans is a luxury. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Um when you cut the side of a hog What do you call that section of meat? 893: The side. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear side of bacon or middling of bacon? 893: {NW} No I don't think I have. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} Interviewer: What inside parts of the hog do you eat? 893: None. That I know of. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # What about something that um people can have for breakfast instead of bacon? It comes in links. you know. 893: Oh sausage? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Pork sausage. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 What is the # Sausage stuff in? 893: Well uh it's stuffed in um well here in the United States it looks like it's like oh what would you call that something like uh plastic Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Small plastic bags or something like #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: But in Mexico they use the they call it the {C: Spanish: tripas} the {C: Spanish: tripas} an intestine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: The the and it's just like a very thin skin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And it's it's stuffed into that. Interviewer: They call it trice? 893: {C: Spanish: Tripa.} Interviewer: #1 Is that the intestines? # 893: #2 {C: Spanish: Tripa.} # I think yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of anything um cooking the intestines and making anything out of it? 893: Yes I I I I in fact I like {C: Spanish: tripas.} #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 893: The I think they are those {C: Spanish: tripas} that we eat are are from a cow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And they are fried either they are fried or they are put in the oven. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 And they are very good. # Interviewer: You ever heard of chit? 893: of who? Interviewer: Chitlins? 893: No. Uh uh. No I haven't. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh 893: {NW} Interviewer: The person who kills and sells meat would be called a 893: Who killed? Interviewer: Who kills and sells meat. #1 He'd be called # 893: #2 butcher? # Interviewer: Huh? 893: A butcher? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if meat's been kept too long you say it's 893: frozen. Interviewer: Or if it no if it's gone bad you say 893: oh it's spoiled. Interviewer: What about butter that's been kept too long and it didn't taste right? #1 What would you # 893: #2 it's rancid? # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 Or # {NW} Rancid I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Mm. Interviewer: What about something you make out of flour um you fry three or four of these and eat them with syrup and butter. 893: Uh pancakes? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other name for them? 893: Batter cakes we used to call them a long time ago but mostly it's pancakes #1 pancakes # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: about and uh uh I think there's another another name for them but I can't of it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But usually we call them pancakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils {NS} You'd tell somebody just that. Just 893: Just smell? #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 893: uh-huh. Just smell that. Interviewer: And you'd say this is an invitation label so this is 893: Real. Interviewer: But this is gen... 893: Genuine. Interviewer: And when chicken was sold um not in in packages but when it was sold um out of the barrel you'd say it was sold 893: By the pound. Interviewer: uh-huh. Do you ever hear the expression sold loose or sold in bulk or in bulk? 893: In bulk yes. #1 But not loose. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And a sweet spread you can put on toast in the morning. Be jam or 893: Jelly. Interviewer: And what do you season your food with? 893: Salt or spices. Interviewer: Or something black 893: uh {NW} pepper? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one. It'd tell you 893: Give me an apple. Interviewer: And you'd say one's of these boys that did that it must have been one of 893: The others. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # Do you ever say one of them boys? 893: No. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Does that sound funny? # 893: #2 {NW} # That sounds funny yeah one of them boys that's that's hillbilly talk. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # No I would say it it wasn't it wasn't any of these boys it was that other boy or some of the other boys. #1 Some of that other gang # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: or some of that other uh crowd. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And 893: That's what I meant now that I that I say crowd that's what I meant about Mexico City being like Chicago that it's too crowded. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: That's what I try to tell you #1 and I couldn't think of # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: the right word. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 Uh # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You say he hasn't lived here he lives 893: over there. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about yonder? You say that? 893: Over yonder? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 893: #2 I've heard that # yes but uh I never use that that word. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you tell someone don't do it that way do it 893: This way. Interviewer: And if you don't have any money at all you're not rich you're 893: poor. Interviewer: And say if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach 893: Orchard. Interviewer: And say you ask someone if that's his orchard. You'd say no I'm just a neighbor. And he points to someone else and says he's the man 893: That owns it. or who owns it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say When I was a child my father was poor but next was a child 893: Who was rich. Interviewer: We're talking about the father being rich. Next door was a child father was rich. 893: Whose father was rich. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the kind of animal that barks. 893: Dog? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him? 893: Sic 'em? Interviewer: Mm-kay. What different um What would you call a a mixed breed dog? But you didn't know what kind #1 he was. # 893: #2 Mixed breed? # Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Just a a common dog or a cur? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or an I guess. #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Is a cur # any special size or #1 just long hair or short hair? # 893: #2 I don't think so. # I don't think so I Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I think they all look the same. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 What about a a # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Just a worthless dog? You'd call him a 893: {NS} I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: Or say a real small noisy dog. 893: Real small noisy? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # #1 Chihuahuas like mine # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 they make such an awful racket. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 hear calling a dog # about that size calling him a feist? 893: No. #1 Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #2 What about a # {D: kaiyootle?} You ever heard that? 893: Mm-mm. Interviewer: And if you had a mean dog you'd tell someone you better be careful that dog'll 893: Attack you. Interviewer: Or #1 he bites # 893: #2 bite you. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. Yesterday he 893: bit. Interviewer: And the man had to go to the doctor after he got 893: bitten. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you ever say he got dog bit? 893: No. I don't I don't think I would use that expression dog bit. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: He was bitten by a dog. {NS} Or he he had to be uh treated for a dog bite. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: but not dog bit. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And kind of animals that you plow with. 893: Mules or horses. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Two of those hitched together would be a 893: a team. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the animal that you milk 893: Cow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the little one is 893: Cow a goat. Interviewer: Well 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 the little cow is called a # 893: a calf. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it's a female it's a 893: heifer. Interviewer: And if it's a male? 893: A calf? Or no? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A male calf. 893: Male calf? Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: I don't know. I Interviewer: What do you call the the grown male cow? 893: A bull? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that where like to use? 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Are there any other names for bull? 893: Not that I know of. Interviewer: And if you have a cow who's expecting a calf you say she was going to 893: give birth? #1 I guess. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever say # tough fresh or find a calf or 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 drop a calf? # 893: No. {NW} Interviewer: And you say everyone around here likes to what horses? Likes to 893: ride horses? Interviewer: Yesterday he 893: rode Interviewer: And I have never 893: ridden. Interviewer: And you couldn't stay on you say you fell 893: off the horse. Interviewer: And say a child was asleep in bed and woke up and found themselves on the floor in the morning. You'd say I guess I must of 893: fallen. Interviewer: Fallen 893: off the bed. Interviewer: And the thing you put on the horses's feet are called 893: oh yes. Uh yes yes horseshoe. Interviewer: What part of the a horse's feet do you put them on? 893: on the hoof. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And all the horse has four 893: four legs. Interviewer: They're four the 893: four hooves. Interviewer: And a game you play with horseshoes. Did did you ever see that? 893: Uh Yes uh horseshoe pitching or pitching horse shoes Interviewer: Did you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 893: Yes. Uh-huh. Interviewer: What was it called then? 893: Um ay yai yai. {NS} um No I can't think of it. Uh-uh. But I know what you mean. #1 uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: And I've seen it played but I can't think of the word. Interviewer: Was it called It wasn't called horseshoes? Do you ever hear {D: word} points or kites or 893: No uh-uh. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 And # 893: ring tossing or Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Something like that. Interviewer: The female horse is called the 893: A female horse is uh I no I There I guess I become nervous I don't know I can't or or I I'm not too alert. But {NW} Some of the words I know like #1 yesterday # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: when I tried so hard to to tell you that it was crowded #1 And I could never # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: think of it. {NW} A day later {NW} that Interviewer: Does it make you uncomfortable to have us speak just English? 893: No it does not make me uncomfortable it makes me feel uh silly as if I'm very dumb not to not to know the the word when I know it but I can't say it when when I'm supposed to or when I have Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 to. # {NW} Interviewer: Are Do you think of a Spanish word 893: #1 I think of a Spanish word # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: And I try to translate it #1 or # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: vice versa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: And sometimes like I told you before that I get all tangled up #1 I can't # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: say it either in Spanish or or English. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um do you remember what the male horse is called? 893: The male horse Just a horse no? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of a stallion or stud? 893: Yes a stallion a stud. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 893: I think so. Interviewer: Do those words sound nice to you? 893: Yes they do. Interviewer: What about the female? Do you remember? 893: No I don't remember. Uh-uh. Interviewer: And 893: what is the word anyhow? Interviewer: M-A-R-E. 893: A mare that's right. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about sheep? The male sheep is the 893: The male sheep I don't know I know the female is a ewe Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: But I don't know about the m uh I don't know about the male. Interviewer: Did did people have sheep in this area? 893: Uh years ago yes uh-huh when it was not so modernized and it was not so uh uh well what uh how should I say that well that the sanitation was not so so strict. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 you know. # uh most people used to have goats and sheep and hogs and chickens #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: whatever. But nowadays you see them just like for example way out on the outskirts of the city like over here #1 when we # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: We are so far away from from town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Here they have I saw uh a turkey the other day and I've seen chickens #1 and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: baby chicks and a rooster and Interviewer: Out where you live or? 893: Over here. Over here next door. Over here this #1 place next door. # Interviewer: #2 Huh. # 893: No not where I live oh no. #1 Yeah I mean nobody # Interviewer: #2 This # 893: Nobody thinks to even thinks about raising chickens or anything #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You're right in the middle of town. # 893: Yes almost. uh-huh. Yes. I thought about telling you yesterday that if you wanted to see the tailless chihuahua to stop by the house and I would show #1 her to you. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I'd like to see her sometime. # 893: {NW} She's real cute. #1 She's so # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: She's so friendly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: But at the same time when she does not know a person she's she's real well not not what do you call mean because she #1 doesn't # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: bite but she makes an awful lot of noise. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # I don't think chihuahuas bite much #1 really. # 893: #2 No I don't think so # Interviewer: #1 they just they just pretend # 893: #2 I never heard # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 Yeah they just pretend uh-huh. # {NW} Interviewer: Uh What do people raise sheep for? 893: Sheep? For meat and for uh wool #1 and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: for uh {NW} uh {NS} Their uh their skins make uh uh pretty uh what do you call a rugs #1 or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And You know call them something when they're first born. You call them 893: {D: muddow pig.} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And this is when they get about half grown. You call them 893: {NS} No I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear {D: word} shoats? What about the male? Is called a {NS} You ever hear of boar hog or male hog or? 893: A boar yes but I've heard of heard that the boar is a wild hog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh B-O-A-R. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: It doesn't matter whether it's male or female? 893: #1 uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Just that # 893: Just a just a wild hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a female hog? That's called a 893: A female hog? {NW} You have to tell me. {NW} Interviewer: {D: Did you ever hear of a sow or gew?} 893: A sow yeah uh-huh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: What about gew?} #1 Did you ever hear of that? # 893: #2 No. # Uh-uh. Interviewer: And the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back 893: bristles? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the big teeth? 893: Um uh is it the same as the elephant #1 the tusk? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. And what do you put the food in for the hog? Would be called a 893: A a trough Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you had three or four of those you'd say you had three or four 893: troughs? Interviewer: And say you had a a pig and you didn't want him to grow up to be a male hog to be used for breeding. What would you say you were gonna do to him? 893: Castrate? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other terms for that? 893: Uh Sterilize Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth they were getting hungry. You say you had to go feed the what would you call 893: The animals. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if you're talking about um chickens and turkeys and geese you'd say you had to go feed the 893: the birds. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 or the # fowl. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word cattle or critters or stock? 893: Cattle I would yes. Interviewer: Or 893: Cattle for cows and bulls #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: calves and Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 I would use # the word cattle. Interviewer: Say if it was if it was time to feed the animals and do your work you'd say that it was Do you ever hear of feeding time or chore time or? 893: {NW} Chore time yes. Interviewer: #1 Water time? # 893: #2 Chore time uh-huh. # Chore time yeah. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the noise that a calf makes 893: bleats. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 893: bleats. Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about a horse? 893: Neighs. Interviewer: And the other sound a horse makes. The sort of gentle sound. 893: Uh {NS} I don't know I I learned that in first grade. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: It was a long time ago. The horse neighs and the cow the cat meows and the #1 dog barks. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Um # 893: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What does the cow do? 893: A cow? uh a cow a cow I guess I guess she bleats like a Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Like a calf. Interviewer: and say you wanted to call a cow. to get her to come in out of the pasture. Did you ever hear anybody call a cow? 893: uh With a cow bell. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Yes. Interviewer: Any any other way of doing it? 893: Uh no Interviewer: What about calling a calf? 893: Mm-mm. Interviewer: or Say if you're milking a cow What do you say to her to get her to stand still? So you can milk her? 893: I don't know I've never milked her. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: I've never milked a cow. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh Do you ever hear anyone call a horse? {NS} 893: No unless {NS} I mean when they want to for the horse to start trotting Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm. # 893: #2 that they say # {D: Gittap gittap.} #1 but otherwise # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: I wouldn't know how they they would call him. Interviewer: {NS} What about when they want him to stop? 893: Uh I guess they would just pull on the rein and say stop. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about to back him up? Anything they'd say? 893: No. I No I wouldn't know. Interviewer: And To get him to turn left or right {NS} 893: You you just pull on the rein whichever Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: You You want to him to turn left you would pull on the on the rein on the left side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Do you ever hear of people say gee or haul? 893: No. Interviewer: You ever hear that? 893: Uh-uh. Interviewer: And {NS} Do you ever hear anyone call hogs? 893: uh-uh. Interviewer: What about sheep? 893: No. Interviewer: Chickens? If you're feeding chickens. How do you call them? {NS} 893: I wouldn't know I I've #1 never been # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 around a farm. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # And the inside part of the cherry. 893: Of a cherry? Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: The pit. Interviewer: What about in a peach? 893: The stone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call that part inside the stone? 893: The almond. Interviewer: uh-huh. And the kind of peach that the the flesh is real tight against the stone. 893: A green peach? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well there's one kind that just it's hard to 893: to break #1 or open? # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 893: No I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear or a cling peach or press peach or freestone peach? 893: No. Interviewer: And the part of the apple that you don't eat. 893: the core. Interviewer: And you cut up apples and dry them. You say you're making 893: uh uh dried apples or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Dried fruit. Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called snips? 893: No. Uh-uh. Interviewer: What different kinds of nuts grow around here? 893: In San Antonio not around here. I've never seen any any any grow here but in San Antonio there's a lot of pecan trees. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Almost everywhere you go you find pecan trees. Interviewer: {NW} 893: In fact a few years back my in her own backyard my daughter got me a big about a 25 pound bag full of pecans. Interviewer: To get the the nut out you have to crack the 893: the shell. Interviewer: uh-huh. What other kinds of nuts um would you say buy at the store to use in cooking? 893: Peanuts walnuts #1 almonds # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: {NS} uh these hard Brazil nuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear another name for peanuts? 893: Yes. Boogers. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: And {NW} what else? uh I guess that's all. #1 boogers and peanuts. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # Do people say that around here? Boogers? 893: No no not not that I've heard them call them boogers but. I don't know where I got that expression from or Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 that's where # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 893: #2 {X} # I guess. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Um You know the walnut when it first comes off a tree it's got a a hard green covering on it 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You call that the 893: the hull? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Then you take the hull off and then you have to crack the 893: The shell. Interviewer: And kind of fruit that grows in Florida. 893: in Florida? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. People make juice out of it. 893: Pineapple? Interviewer: #1 It's about the size of an apple. # 893: #2 or # {NS} {NS} {NS} about the size of an apple. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And about this color. 893: Orange? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: {NW} Interviewer: Say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left. You say the oranges are 893: gone. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What different things vegetables could someone raise in a garden around here? {NS} 893: Um peas squash uh tomatoes Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Onions. # {NS} Garlic. uh Maybe corn and string beans Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: pumpkin. Interviewer: This what's the difference between string beans and snap beans or green beans? 893: I think it's about the same. Interviewer: Which terms would you use? What would you 893: String beans or green beans. Interviewer: That's the same thing? 893: uh-huh. Interviewer: What about squash? Are there different kinds of squash? 893: Yes. uh there's a a round squash green and then there's the a yellow squash then there's a green one that has like a a small neck Interviewer: mm-hmm. 893: And then there's another one that's {D: cuccini or} something like that #1 C-U-C-H-I-double N-double N-I. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: and I guess that's about all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do these other um squash you mentioned do they have special names or they just all called squash? 893: I call them squash I bet there's another round one that #1 looks like # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: Well it it looks like a like a a something like a cauliflower Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh bud but #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: it's covered with a green skin and it has little uh scallops #1 around. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: That's another kind of squash. Interviewer: Does it have a special name? 893: Well it must have but I don't know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um You mentioned a the onions um {NS} What do you call those onions that you pull up and you you eat while they're still small? You know? 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do 893: Yes I know what you mean. uh Green onions or I don't know I I I like to get jars of of sweet mix pickles because they they have some of those little onions #1 and I # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: use that for my for my turkey stuffing #1 during # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: Thanksgiving and and Christmas. But Yes I I I've seen the label on the #1 jars # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: For that kind of onion but I can't remember. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the kind of tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? What are they called? 893: I don't know I wouldn't know. Interviewer: And little red thing that grows down in the ground. That would be a 893: Little red thing? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: That grows in the ground? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You 893: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 You'd use it in a salad or something. # 893: {NW} Uh pepper or chili pepper or Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a radish or 893: oh radish. Yeah that's right. Interviewer: Huh? 893: Radish yeah. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 893: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: And Along with your meat you might have a baked 893: potato. Interviewer: What different types of potatoes are there? 893: Well I've seen uh well there there they must have a uh their proper name but I've seen some that have the a very thin skin Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And it's kind of yellowish. And the others the skin is a little bit thicker Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And it's brown. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And I've seen some red uh round potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And that's about all I've seen. Interviewer: What about potatoes that um that are have reddish or yellowish meat inside? 893: Yes I've seen those uh-huh. Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called sweet potatoes or yams? 893: Oh yes sweet potatoes or yams oh yes they're my favorite. {NW} Interviewer: What's the difference between sweet potatoes and yams? 893: It's the same thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Mm-mm. Interviewer: What about the other kind of potato? 893: The baked the baked Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 uh # {NS} um baking potato? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Well that's that's for to make potato salad with or #1 you can # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: bake them or you can just boil them or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: fry them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And this is a vegetable um you might use in a in a soup it's sort of green it's sort of long. 893: Okra? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And Say if you're cooking bacon. in in the pan when you cook it gets smaller. You say it 893: It shrank. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or another way of saying that. 893: No. Interviewer: You say it swivels or shrivel or? 893: Oh shrivel. Yeah. #1 it shrivels. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer: and a kind of vegetable that comes like 893: Lettuce or cabbage? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And say if you wanted to buy some you'd ask for two or three 893: pounds? Interviewer: or 893: Two or three heads. Interviewer: uh-huh. Would you ever use the word heads talking about children? Say if someone had five children to say they had five heads of children? 893: No No Uh-uh. I I've heard that expression with cattle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Yes he had so many head of cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But not not when it it pertains to humans. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What about someone who had about fourteen children? You say he really had a 893: a big family. Interviewer: uh-huh. Do you ever say a passel of children? 893: No. uh-uh. Interviewer: And what about the term right smart? 893: Right smart? Interviewer: Someone's had about five hundred acres. Would you say he had a right smart of land? #1 You ever hear of that? # 893: #2 No. # Uh-uh. No. Interviewer: What different kinds of beans do people have around here? 893: Well there's kidney beans lima beans pinto beans um {NW} what else? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of butter? 893: Butter beans. Yeah. Interviewer: What's the difference between butter beans and lima beans? 893: They're about the same I think. Interviewer: No difference? 893: Not that I know. That they're about the same size and the taste the same Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Unless the the lima beans are green and butter beans are are white. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. To get beans out of the pods you say you have to 893: Break the pod or open the pod? Interviewer: Or you say you 893: Snap. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a mess of 893: turnip greens. Interviewer: You don't like that? 893: {NW} I've never tasted them. {NW} Interviewer: Do people cook greens here at all? 893: {NW} I don't know. Not the people that I've that I know that I'm familiar with. {NS} They they use that very much in well my in fact my daughter's mother in law cooks them very often. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But no Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 I've # never gotten around to taste them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} No I don't know. They may be very good I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. uh the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob. You call that 893: uh corn on the cob. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever hear of roasted ears? 893: Roasting ears yes. uh-huh. Roasting ears. Interviewer: Do you use that expression? 893: No. I I say corn on the cob. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about mutton corn? You ever heard that? 893: No. {NW} Interviewer: And thing that grows up on the top of the corn stalk. The little 893: The little uh silk uh the silk hair or the silk something Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is the silk the part on the corn? 893: Yes it's on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And on a graduation cap you have a little 893: tassel. Interviewer: And the little umbrella shaped thing that springs up in the woods or fields after it rains. 893: Mushrooms. Interviewer: #1 Any other name? # 893: #2 Or # um {NW} um mushrooms and no I don't remember. But I know I know what you mean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of frog bench or toadstool? 893: Toadstool yeah. Interviewer: #1 Is that the same as mushroom? # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Well it has the same shape. #1 but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: mushrooms are eaten and toadstools are not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what kinds of melons do people grow around here? 893: Watermelon cantaloupe uh honeydew melons. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: That's about all. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of mush melon or musk melon? 893: No. Interviewer: Something people smoke made out of tobacco. 893: Cigarettes. cigars. Interviewer: And say if I'm I ask you can you do that you'd say no I 893: Can't do it. Interviewer: And if I ask you will you do it you'd say no I 893: won't. Interviewer: And say um you might tell a child you're not doing what you 893: Should. Or what you ought to. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say if the child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something 893: He should not have done. Interviewer: Or another way of saying that he using the word ought. You said I bet he did something he 893: Ought not to have done. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And Say if I ask you if you'll be able to to help me do some work next week or something. You might say well I'm not sure I could help you but I 893: I'll try. Interviewer: Or I might Do you ever say I might could? 893: No. I might be able to. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Does might could sound funny? 893: Yes it does. {NW} Interviewer: And the kind of bird that can see in the dark. 893: Owl. Interviewer: What different kinds of owls? 893: No. Uh I don't know that's that's the only one I know of. A night owl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the little owl? Makes a real scary noise. 893: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever hear of screech owl or # 893: #1 oh screech owl. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: Yes I've heard that expression screech owl. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: {NW} Interviewer: You've never see one? 893: No uh-uh. Interviewer: What about the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 893: Woodpecker? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other name for him? What about the big woodpecker? 893: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever heard of the wood pecker called the pecker wood? 893: No. uh-uh. Interviewer: And the kind of black and white animal that has a strong smell. 893: Skunk. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And Say some animal's been coming and killing your chickens. What general name would you have for the type of animal that would do that? 893: A possum? Interviewer: or just You don't know if it's a possum or a skunk or just what it is but you say I'm going to get a gun and kill those do you ever use the word varm-varmints? 893: Varmints. #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 893: Yes. {NW} I've I've seen that in the comics. I've seen that that word in the in the in the in the comics. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 varmints. # Interviewer: But it's not something you you hear around here 893: No uh-uh. Interviewer: And the little bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees. 893: squirrel. Interviewer: What different kinds of squirrels? 893: Well there's the uh brown squirrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And the Interviewer: What's the ground squirrel look like? 893: The the ground squirrel I think it's or the or prairie dogs Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: They they are the little animals that bore holes in the ground #1 And they live underground. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: They're tiny Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And have a bushy tail. Interviewer: {NW} Are there some of those #1 around here? # 893: #2 oh yes. # Down by the cemetery there's a lot of them. Interviewer: I've never seen one. 893: Yes they were real cute. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 They're just a miniature squirrel. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: They're real cute but they're they're very uh how should I say aggressive. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 893: #2 Cause they # they they bite hard. Interviewer: {NW} 893: {NW} Interviewer: What what about the squirrels that get up in the trees? #1 Are there different kinds of those? # 893: #2 That's a tree tree squirrel. # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: What color? 893: Brown. Interviewer: mm-hmm. And you ever heard of a boomer? for gray squirrel or fox squirrel or 893: No I haven't. Interviewer: What about kinds of fish that people get around here? 893: Cod fish um turbot uh ocean perch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Cat fish. Interviewer: What other things um do they get from the gulf besides fish? 893: Oysters. Clams. uh lobsters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Crabs. Interviewer: What about something they uh go out in boats and drag nets and? 893: Sardines. Interviewer: Or 893: Or um Interviewer: Little sea animal it has a shell 893: Oyster no? Interviewer: Well not a a shell hard like that A sort of transparent shell that you you peel off. 893: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Uh It's common you could um get it frozen 893: What is it? Interviewer: What what sort of things would you use for bait? If you were going to go fishing in the #1 gulf. # 893: #2 For bait? # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Worms I guess. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 Or artificial bait. # Interviewer: #1 Well what # 893: #2 but # oh minnows #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: Or what do you mean? Interviewer: If this is a is a sea animal um that you you get from the gulf it's when you if you bought it at the store it would have its its head chopped off. And it would be about this shape. Sort of like that. 893: {NW} Yes shrimp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: {NW} Sure one of my favorites. {NW} Interviewer: Say you go to the store and ask for two or three pounds of 893: Shrimp. Interviewer: And A little um Something you'd hear making a noise around the lake at night. What would that be? 893: Around a lake? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Makes a croaking noise. 893: A frog? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the big frogs? 893: Bull frog. Interviewer: What about the little tiny ones that get up in the trees and come out after it rains? 893: A toad? Or uh um {NS} {NW} What is that called? Um I know I know what you mean Interviewer: Did you ever hear of spring frogs or tree frogs or rain frogs? 893: No. Toads I have. Interviewer: What do they look like? 893: A toad is something like a frog only it's of of a brown color it's not #1 green. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # What about something that say if you pick up a rock in a freshwater stream something that has claws on it it could #1 Little thing. # 893: #2 Uh # Interviewer: About this size. 893: In the water? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. It looks excuse me it looks kind of like a lobster. 893: And it's not a is that a um {NS} yes yes is that a a crab? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 893: #2 uh # Interviewer: Did you ever hear or a crawdad or crayfish? 893: Crayfish uh-huh. Yeah crayfish #1 I've heard that. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And 893: #1 or crawfish. # Interviewer: #2 a {X} # 893: #1 some people # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: call it crawfish. I think I would use crawfish #1 instead of crayfish. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # What about a hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into a shell. 893: Turtle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Are there different kinds? 893: Yes there's water uh turtles or sea turtles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And then there's the the land turtles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: The the sea turtles have a soft uh shell and they're good for eating. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And land turtles are have a hard shell. And I don't think they're eaten. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear of one called a cooter or a gopher? 893: No. Interviewer: And an insect that flies around the light and tries to fly into the light. 893: A light bug. That's what we #1 call them light bug. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # What about something that um Gets in your wool clothes and eats holes in them? 893: A moth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And talking about several of those you'd talk about several 893: moths. Interviewer: And an insect that flies around has a little light in its tail. 893: A firefly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: {NW} Interviewer: And this is an insect that um little tiny red thing {NS} get on you if you go out in the woods. 893: Yes. uh-huh. The chiggers. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 or the # chiggers and I don't know what else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about an insect that will bite you? Make you itch? 893: Mosquito. Interviewer: And insect that hops around in the grass. 893: Insect #1 hops around in the # Interviewer: #2 green # 893: oh yeah grasshopper. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You ever heard them called hopper grass? 893: No. Uh-uh. Interviewer: And This is an insect that um it's got real shiny wings it'd be around a damp place like a lake or something. It's supposed to eat mosquitoes. It's got a hard beak to it it's about this size? 893: Yeah I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a dragonfly or #1 Mosquito fly? # 893: #2 oh dragon fly yeah mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Any other name for that? 893: #1 No? # Interviewer: #2 What about snake doctor or # Snake feeder 893: #1 uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 Mosquito hawk? # 893: No. Interviewer: What kind of insects will sting you? 893: Mosquitoes. {NW} Sorry. Mosquitoes. Ants. uh uh flies. Flies sting also Interviewer: #1 Well something # 893: #2 bees. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 What about something # 893: #2 uh wasps. # Interviewer: Huh? 893: Wasps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: And bees. Interviewer: What about something that builds a nest like this? 893: That's a wasp or a or a bee. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a horn? Hornet? 893: Hornet. Uh-huh. Well I guess a hornet is a uh what we call wasp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Cause it's not a bee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something that build a a nest out of mud or dirt? 893: {X} or the bees. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a mud dauber or a dirt dauber? 893: No. Interviewer: And something that um builds nests in the ground? 893: Nests in the ground? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a yellow yellow jacket? 893: I've heard of them but I don't I don't know what it means I don't think. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Yellow jacket. Interviewer: You've never seen them or? 893: No. Interviewer: #1 And {X} # 893: #2 what is it? # Interviewer: It's it's sort of like a bee. Some people say say they build nests in the ground and other people say they you know build it 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Up like a bee 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 nest. # Um if you haven't cleaned a room in a while up in the ceiling in the corner you might find a 893: cobwebs or spiderwebs. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 893: I think so. Interviewer: What What would you call it if it's outside across a bush? 893: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Would you call it a # cobweb or spiderweb then? 893: A cobweb. yeah. Cobweb more than #1 than spiderweb. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And the parts of the tree that grow under the ground. 893: Root? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 893: Yes. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Do you remember what any of those were? 893: {NW} No? Uh I've heard of cactus root #1 that's very good for # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: diabetes. Interviewer: {NW} 893: And uh {NW} I know I know that people mention you know several kind of roots and herbs that are that are good for you know #1 used as medicine. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: But I can't of any or the bark of some kind of tree #1 or something. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: {NW} Interviewer: What different trees grow around here? 893: Mesquite {NS} And Interviewer: What is a mesquite? 893: Mesquite is a I think it's well somewhere around here. Yes over here and it it gives something like a the shape of a of a string bean Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Only it's it's covering is harder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And it has a lot of of little seeds inside. And we used to eat those when we were kids. {NW} They taste very good cause #1 They are sweet # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 893: and they taste good and other person used to boil them but #1 we used to chew on them # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: just like that but it makes your your breath smell real {NS} Real ugly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: {NW} But it's it's they have a good taste Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: that's I think that they grow during the the summer time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do um what other kinds of trees? 893: Well some people have palm trees and cypress evergreens oh uh peach trees or orange or grapefruit Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Different kinds. Interviewer: What about the kind of tree that you tap for syrup? 893: A maple tree. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call a big group of those growing together? 893: {NW} I wouldn't know. Interviewer: What about a a tree that it's got long white limbs and white scaly bark you sort of peel off. 893: Long white limbs? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear of a syc-? 893: Sycamore? Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 You ever see # 893: #2 Well I've heard of # several like uh the oak and the elm and the sycamore and the weeping willow #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: All of those but I I don't I don't know them. and if I come across them I wouldn't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 They're as far as you know. # 893: #2 {NW} # I don't think so. {NS} Interviewer: What about a a bush that the leaves turn bright red in the fall and it's got clusters of berries on it? 893: Um {NS} Interviewer: You ever heard of {X} or shumac? 893: Shumac #1 yes uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: That's grown a lot of them a lot of it's grown in Missouri. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And it's it's very pretty I mean it it it's it's color Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: The the leaves they re so pretty they are different kinds of of reds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh different shades I mean. Different shades of red. And it's a very pretty it's well I saw it in as as big as a bush I don't know whether it #1 goes it grows # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: grows into a a tree. Interviewer: When were you in Missouri again? #1 {X} # 893: #2 Oh way back in # 41. Interviewer: When you were going up toward 893: When I was married to my other husband. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: He was in the service and he was stationed in Fort Leonard Wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And We lived there for about eight months. Interviewer: Where's Fort Lenard Wood? 893: Fort Leonard Wood is around close to {NW} What's the name of that of that place now? You know Missouri is it's Dallas reminds me so much of it because every two three miles there's a little a little town a little place Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 With a # With a name to it. Interviewer: {NW} 893: You can't uh go very far without getting into you think that you're just getting out of that that town you Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 know and # {NW} And Before you know it why it's it's another little place another Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 little town. # And Dallas is just the same. Interviewer: {NW} 893: Dallas has a lot of little what you would call I guess suburbs Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 or something # and then Missouri is the same way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. um Do you ever see a a tree sort of the symbol of the south? It It's got shiny green leaves and big white flowers. 893: Gardenia? Interviewer: uh it's a big tree. 893: It's a big tree. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of magnolia or 893: #1 magnolia? # Interviewer: #2 {X}tree? # 893: I've heard of magnolia. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Yes but as I say I don't know Interviewer: #1 yes # 893: #2 much about # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 trees or plants. # Interviewer: What about a flowering bush called a spoonwood or spoon hunt or mountain laurel or rhododendron. Do you ever hear of those? 893: I've heard of oleanders. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: In fact they're very common here in El Dorado. #1 of # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: Pink and white and yellow and I guess that's about all. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um kind of tree did George Washington cut down? 893: Cherry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what different kinds of berries are there? um would you buy in the store here or grow around here? 893: {NW} Pardon me. A strawberry and now that I think of it here in Loredo was very {NS} very known for their mulberry trees. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Uh and and a strawberry and uh well that's about the only thing that I buy in stores strawberry cause I love them. {NW} Interviewer: #1 What about # 893: #2 but # Interviewer: a berry some of them are red some of them are black it's got a a round surface to it. Did you ever hear of rasp 893: Raspberry? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Yeah. Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 I don't guess they're around here. # 893: #2 I've heard of raspberry. # No I don't think so. Interviewer: Say if you saw some berries that you didn't know what kind they were you'd tell someone you better not eat those they might be 893: Poisonous. Interviewer: And the kinds of bushes or vines that will make your skin break out if you touch them. 893: Ivy. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Poison ivy. # Interviewer: How do you recognize that when you see it? 893: I don't know I've never seen any. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: I've heard of it but I've never seen any or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Or come in contact with with poison ivy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something. She'd say well I have to ask 893: Have to ask my husband or? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And he would say talking about her I have to ask 893: My wife. Interviewer: Any joking ways that 893: My old lady my old man. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: My ball and chain or #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And # A woman who's husband is dead is called a 893: A widow. Interviewer: And if they're divorced she'd be a 893: divorcée. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression grass widow? 893: Yes. Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 What # 893: #2 I have. # that that applies to a divorced woman. Interviewer: Uh-huh. #1 They call her a # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # a grass widow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what did you call your father? when you were little? 893: I didn't call him anything. Interviewer: #1 I mean what what what # 893: #2 {NW} # #1 What would I have what would I have called him. # Interviewer: #2 What we would # 893: Well daddy I guess. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Father. Pa. Interviewer: What Is that what your children call their own their father? 893: Daddy. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: What about What what did your children call you? 893: Mother. Or mama. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about your your grandparents? What did 893: Grammy or grandma. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: It's what they call me. Interviewer: {X} What did they call your grandfather? 893: Grandpa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What are the the Spanish names? 893: {C: Spanish: Abuela.} {C: Spanish: Abuelo or abuela.} A-B-U-E-L-A. Interviewer: For gran 893: For grandmother. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: And L-O for grandfather. Interviewer: Did most of them what about for father and mother? What what are the Spanish names? 893: Mama Papa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What most of the uh the Mexican American children call do they they call the Spanish names for 893: #1 Yes. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Brother and # 893: Yes. Most well uh only the ones that {NS} you know that live up north are the ones that uh speak English only Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: At their homes although they are of Mexican descent but there are some families who prefer to speak English all the time. Interviewer: #1 Why is that? # 893: #2 Which I think is very good # Well I think that it's so their children won't have any trouble when they when they start school. Mainly I think that is the reason when there's young children. Other people because they like they must like the English language. Or maybe it's easier for them to speak English than it is to Interviewer: mm-hmm. 893: speak Spanish. Interviewer: Are there very many families like that? 893: Yes there are. There's quite some yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I was reading somewhere that um some places like San Antonio look people of Mexican descent wouldn't want to admit that they were 893: Some of them don't I don't know why. And some of them won't admit 893: Well you know to to speak both languages are. Interviewer: {X} people that don't want to admit that they speak Spanish are they mostly Anglos or? 893: Well some Anglos yes most Anglos well I wouldn't say most of them but but some of them do. I think they they {NS} they might uh they might feel that they are uh inferior or something because Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Because they speak Spanish. Like uh some Mexican Americans that uh {NS} won't admit that their ancestors were were Mexicans or that uh they they uh are of Mexican descent or something like that I don't see why. Interviewer: Do you notice that around here very much or 893: Not very much. No not not too much. Interviewer: Would it mostly be in San Antonio and places like that? 893: Uh places yes places where the English language predominates. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: That's where most of where you would find most of that well to me it's discrimination. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: That's the way I look at it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you find um I read that some of them like if if there's an Anglo present you know in the interviews and stuff they will purposely mispronounce their own name. Like if someone told me um like {D: Litermina}. #1 He he pronounced it # 893: #2 okay # Interviewer: #1 His name # 893: #2 his name # #1 yeah uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Like an Anglo. # 893: #1 Yes uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 You know. # 893: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever noticed people doing that? # 893: Yes of course a lot of them. Interviewer: #1 Just mispronounce their own name? # 893: #2 uh-huh just mispronounce their own name yes. # Uh-huh. Just I guess it's to make it easier for the Anglo person to #1 understand. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: Or uh I don't know I I don't see any point in that. {NW} Interviewer: It really seems funny to me. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That anyone would 893: Yes. One time Tonio uh all of the uh the Mexican Americans like uh for example let's say uh uh the last name was Toreya they would say {NS} Torella. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And uh what else now? Martinez. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: They say Martinez. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Well maybe uh that's what I'm saying maybe the the it's easier for the Anglos to pronounce them in their own uh Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Their own # pronunciation or what Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Have you because I have a friend there in in she who lives in Chicago whose last name is Martinez. #1 And she says # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: here I'm not Martinez anymore says I'm "Martinez." Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 {NW} # Because everybody started calling her Martinez. see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I guess they it's a it's a little bit hard for some Anglos to you know #1 to pronounce # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: some of the Mexican uh names. That's what I think I don't know. Interviewer: {NW} What different names are there for Mexican Americans? How How do you feel about the name Chicano for example? 893: Chicano? I don't like it. No. Interviewer: #1 What would you # 893: #2 I don't like Chicano # why? Why well I would prefer uh Mexicano or uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh uh Mexican American. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or uh you know some proper name but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Chicano is just a what you would call a nickname or an adjective or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: something like that. Interviewer: Do you think um I I think it's a word you know sort of political. Because it's well you know I I read about you know 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Chicano or # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yes. Interviewer: You know organized #1 political and # 893: #2 yes. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Um but do you think of it that way or do you think of it more as sort of a do you picture sort of a low #1 lower class? # 893: #2 Yes. # Yes I picture it as a like I said it's like for example if you were to call me a Chicano Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I would think that you were degrading me Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 By calling me Chicano # instead of calling me a Mexican American or American citizen of Mexican descent or something like #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: And if you were to call me Chicano I would be insulted or #1 offended. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: or hurt. Interviewer: Isn't that the um the la raza? 893: La raza? Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. Isn't that the # 893: #2 La raza? # Interviewer: #1 the {X}? # 893: #2 Raza it's # Yes raza. It means race though. Interviewer: #1 Well no there's # 893: #2 but # Interviewer: there's some political organization or 893: Raza Unida? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 893: #2 yeah the united race. # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 uh-huh. # Interviewer: The is is that the term they use? Or 893: Well raza unida that I think that's the name of the organization. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Raza unida because uh see Anglos call us raza {D: nagase} well it's just saying uh Chicano a lower grade of uh #1 Mexican you see? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: And that's why they call themselves la raza unida. #1 That they are {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: united. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: see? Interviewer: What other um what names are there for um say Mexicans um maybe Mexican Americans or maybe Mexicans um that you sort of look down on? Or that people look down on? If maybe I'm you know like they have switch blades over there. You know the 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 the youngsters # 893: #1 yes uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 carry the switchblades and # 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 and find themselves trouble # What would you call them? 893: {NW} Well we used to call the long haired uh uh trampy like uh Mexicans uh pachucos. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: there wear the their pointed shoes #1 you know and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: their Well years ago they used to wear their pants uh real tight on the #1 bottom # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: and with their hair real slick #1 with a lot of grease or something on it. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 893: And we used to call them pachucas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But Interviewer: Do you ever hear of them just called chucs? 893: Chucs? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: uh oh I guess. Yeah. But uh {NS} well frankly I just I wouldn't I I'd call them just uh um bums or {NW} or you know just uh oh just that that people that just don't know any better and they think that carrying a knife and getting into fights is or getting into all kinds of trouble is being a man. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 That's being silly. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # machismo. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: but what other names for Mexican Americans are there that you don't like? If someone wanted to insult you. 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 What would they call you? # 893: well chico Chicano -drasa. uh Interviewer: What about Anglo names? um 893: #1 Anglo? # Interviewer: #2 to insult. # 893: To insult? Interviewer: um Mexican Americans? 893: alright I guess that the Anglos it's not too hard for Anglos to pronounce chico or Chicano. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Chico means the same as Chicano? 893: Yes it's a shorter word Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about terms like greaser or #1 greaser or # 893: #2 yeah greaser. # uh-huh. Well they used to to call call Mexicans that a long time ago. Interviewer: #1 That's old fashioned? # 893: #2 Not anymore. Yeah that's old fashioned. # Mexican greasers. Interviewer: What any other terms they use now that would be like that? 893: No I don't think so. Interviewer: What about terms for Anglos that Mexican Americans use? 893: uh white trash. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Hillbilly. # uh that's what I call my son in law. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You call him white trash? 893: #1 No I call him hillbilly. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. 893: {NW} Interviewer: Where's he from? Well he's I guess he was born in Dallas I don't know 893: #1 He's lived there all his life. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # uh-huh. What about grin 893: gringo. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Gringo. uh-huh. Interviewer: Is that an insulting #1 word or? # 893: #2 no # No it's just as if you would call me Mexicano. #1 and I'd call you gringa. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 893: But it's it's not an insulting word I mean it's very common Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm. # 893: #2 uh-huh. # Like people you know that don't haven't had too much education and or haven't heard much. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: They say she's a instead of saying he's Anglo they say he's a gringo. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} Interviewer: So they don't mean it. 893: No uh-uh. Mm-mm. Interviewer: Um what about someone um who's sort of a well born around here but who can't speak Spanish well and they can't speak English well. Who's not maybe someone who's third or fourth generation Mexican American decent. You know. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But you know he goes to Mexico 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 people don't accept him there. # 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: People don't accept him in San Antonio. 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: phrase} For the most part. # What what would he be called? Do you ever hear the term pocho? 893: Pocho. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 893: Well that's uh I mean that's a a term that Mexicans from Mexico give us Mexican Americans. or give a person who's a a Mexican American that comes from Mexican descent and who tries to a to brag about him knowing English. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: and he tries to make other people believe that he'd forgotten the Spanish language or what have you see? And they're called pochos. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Or some Mexican who won't speak Spanish but only English. Interviewer: Sort of like a Mexicano {X} or something. 893: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: Would um that's a pretty insulting word then. I mean 893: Well I would take it I would take it as an #1 insult # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What other words like that are there? um you know for different groups of people. 893: Mm. Well um Interviewer: What are are kickers I've noticed bumper stickers 893: #1 kickers? # Interviewer: #2 around here that say # I'm proud to be a kicker. 893: I wouldn't know. It's the first time I've heard that term. Interviewer: It's something that has to do with cowboys I think. 893: {NW} I don't know. Interviewer: um what about blacks? What different names are there for blacks? 893: Nigger. colored colored uh people. Or blacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the proper name? 893: I would call them colored. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about N-E-G-R-O? 893: Negro. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Yes. Interviewer: Any joking names or insulting names or 893: well a nigger is an insulting name. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And so is uh uh black I would take that if I were black I would take that as an insulting name. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And uh well I I wouldn't know cause I I call them either negro or colored. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about different names for just whites in general? 893: Anglos. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. um Any insulting names? Besides the #1 gringo {X} # 893: #2 Besides what I told you # #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You ever hear of like # the word peckerwood or cracker or redneck? 893: No. {NW} Interviewer: um What about someone who lives out in the country and who doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town everybody can just take one look at him and tell he's from way out in the country. 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 They call him a # 893: uh-huh. Hillbilly? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And what did blacks used to call the the people that they worked for? Or were were there in 893: #1 master? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about um around here? The person that you work for. 893: Patron. Interviewer: Patron? 893: Patron. Interviewer: {X} that system {X} I've heard something about that. 893: Uh patron? Well it's just like a boss. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Like or jefe. Like Mr. Legli I would say he's my jefe. Interviewer: #1 He's your what? # 893: #2 or he's # jefe. j-e-s-e. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: That's another name for boss. My jefe or patron that's that's someone who who employs or has employers under him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Employees rather. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 Sorry. # {NW} Interviewer: What about a a child that's born um where one parent's black and the other parent's white. What would you call a child like that? 893: uh Well it's it doesn't sound very nice and I wouldn't like for anybody to to call me a a mixed breed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But that's generally you know I guess they they try to insult. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But I would say such so and so is half Anglo and half Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Spanish or a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Uh it's a a cross of Anglo and and Spanish or whatever. Interviewer: What about mulatto? Or {X} 893: Mulatto? Interviewer: Mulatto. 893: Mulatto I believe is a cross between uh between colored and uh and Anglo or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Colored and something else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about {D: word octaroon} or {D: word} quadrant Do you ever hear of those? 893: No. Uh-uh. Interviewer: What about the French people in Louisiana? Do you ever hear a name for them? 893: {NW} Interviewer: Cajun or {D: word coonads} or 893: No. Uh-uh. Interviewer: uh-huh. What about a a very light skinned colored person. Would you have a special name for them? 893: Albino? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: You mean an albino? Interviewer: Well I just meant someone who's 893: who's very fair? Interviewer: uh-huh. #1 Do you ever hear of yellow or # 893: #2 {X} # no. I would say well she is very has a very fair skin or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Is very fair skinned or very fair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about um with with negroes um it's sort of more prestigious or something to to be light skinned. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You know the the very dark negroes in the south 893: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: as traditionally sort of been you know looked down on. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Or something. Um is it the same way with Mexicans or Mexican Americans? 893: I think so. More or less it comes to about the same thing. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 It amounts to about the same thing. # In uh well not too far away here in the state of Texas they have the impression that all of us Mexicans as a general rule we are very dark #1 and we don't know how to conduct ourselves. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: We don't we are very ignorant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And they don't think of a Mexican being just as smart Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: As an Anglo. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Like uh Now like I say my daughter there in Dallas and uh before they knew her Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Before they had met her # They pictured her as like one of her sisters in law said a a short fat greasy Mexican. And she's she's tall and #1 she's about as fair as you are # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. 893: and has blue eyes. And you couldn't tell she has Mexican blood in her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: You can't tell just by looking at her now {NW} a lot of people have been fooled Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: and they start talking about her in Spanish not knowing that she knows just as good Spanish as I do. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: It really is funny. {NW} Interviewer: {NW} What do they say about her? 893: {NW} Well you know like maybe somebody won't like her and they'll say oh look at that gringa this or that gringa that #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: and they they comment about something Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: she just turns around and answers them back. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: Now when I was in Missouri I had a a neighbor ask me that how come I was fair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I said what do you mean? She said well I thought all Mexicans are dark we're #1 dark. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: And I said no I said you find dark uh dark Mexicans I said and you find very fair Mexicans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: In fact in {D: Jualatajala} most people are are fair and blond and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: with blue eyes or green eyes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: You couldn't tell that they are Mexicans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um does the amount of Indian blood you have #1 lean towards the # 893: #2 have anything I guess so # Interviewer: #1 the complexion? # 893: #2 It must. # It must because we're crossed with the Spanish #1 Spaniards # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: Spaniards are very fair Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And have uh light colored eyes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But 893: {NW} Interviewer: Would Mexican Americans themselves does is there much concern about you know fair skin or or darker skin? 893: Well um not the dark skin person is uh uh what you say is a educated and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh well mannered like Mr. Sayida you take Mr. Sayida he's very dark #1 but he's # Interviewer: #2 the one who's # 893: Yeah uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: but he's very well mannered. #1 he's educated # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: He's well what you would say a gentleman. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} And uh no I don't think that he would be looked down on. Interviewer: Yeah. #1 and this # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 There's no discrimination # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Um say um something on wheels that you could put a baby in and it'll lie down. 893: a carriage? Interviewer: Mm-kay. You put the baby in the carriage then you go out and what 893: push it. Interviewer: And if a woman was going to have a child you;d say that she's 893: expecting. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 893: Or she was pregnant. Interviewer: Did people used to use that word pregnant much when you were growing up or did it sound sort of bad to say? 893: Yes it sounded like uh like a bad word. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: They would say she's expecting or they would use some other term so we so we children wouldn't understand. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: {NW} Interviewer: And if you did have a doctor to deliver a baby the woman you could send for 893: a midwife. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a child that's born to a woman that's not married would be called a 893: illegitimate. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other name? 893: There's a very ugly name bastard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about woods colt or bush child? Did you ever hear that? 893: No. Uh-uh. Interviewer: And say if a boy has the same colored hair and eyes his father has and the same shaped nose you say that he he what his father he 893: He looks like his father or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: He took after his father Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if a child's misbehaving you tell him if he does that again you're going to get a 893: spanking or a whipping. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # and if Bob is five inches taller this year you say Bob what? 893: Grew? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you certainly have 893: Grown. Interviewer: And you could almost see him 893: grow. Interviewer: And your brother's son would be your your brother's son. 893: My brother's son Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 would be my # nephew. Interviewer: And the child that's lost both parents would be a 893: orphan. Interviewer: And the person who looks after the orphan would be his legal 893: guardian. Interviewer: and do you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces in this town you say this town is full of my 893: relatives. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say well she has the same family name she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no 893: Not related. Interviewer: #1 or we're no # 893: #2 or no relations. # Interviewer: and someone who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before. He'd be a 893: Newcomer. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if he came from a different country? He'd be a 893: A foreigner. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word foreigner about someone who hadn't come from another country? 893: I don't think so. Interviewer: And a woman who conducts school would be 893: A teacher? Interviewer: and do you ever um are you familiar with the last name Cooper or Cooper? 893: Yes uh-huh. Interviewer: What would you call a married woman with that last name? She'd be 893: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: And the name of the mother of Jesus 893: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington's wife. 893: Martha. Interviewer: And do you remember a song start off wait 'til the sun shines? 893: Mm-mm. I don't think so. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the name Nelly? 893: Nelly yes. uh-huh. Interviewer: And a male goat is called a 893: male goat? Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: No. Interviewer: Or a nickname for William. 893: Bill billy goat that's right. {NW} Interviewer: And the first book in the new testament in the bible. 893: Genesis. Interviewer: Or the new testament. 893: In the new testament? Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 uh # {NW} Saint Matthew? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the fourth book in the new testament. Matthew Mark #1 Luke # 893: #2 Matthew # Mark Luke and uh Matthew Luke Mark Interviewer: Well 893: And uh Interviewer: What was Kennedy's first name? 893: Who? Interviewer: President Kennedy. 893: John. Interviewer: And if your father had a brother by that name you'd call him 893: Uncle John. Interviewer: And a child nicknamed Bill his full name is 893: William. Interviewer: and your father has a brother by that full name. You'd call him 893: Uncle Bill. Interviewer: or uncle 893: Uncle William. Interviewer: And the name of the wife of Abraham. 893: Abraham Lincoln? Interviewer: #1 in the bible. # 893: #2 or # oh in the bible. Sara? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a preacher that's not very well trained. Just sort of preaches here and there. Not very good at preaching. You'd call him a 893: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression jack leg or {D: words?} shave trade? 893: No. Interviewer: And what would relation would my mother's sister be to me? 893: Your aunt. Interviewer: And the highest rank in the army. 893: Uh four star general. Interviewer: and beneath the general is the 893: uh beneath the general is lieu- uh kernel? Interviewer: And the person in charge of a ship. 893: A captain. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the word captain used to call people you work for? 893: Yes. uh Mm-hmm captain. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: In fact uh {NW} who's called captain? Somebody that I that I know is uh I don't know whether one of my bosses use yeah one of my bosses used to call captain to one of his employees. #1 I don't know why. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # {NW} uh the person who presides over court is the 893: Judge. Interviewer: and the person who goes to school. 893: A student. Interviewer: And a man on the stage be an actor. A woman would be a 893: actress. Interviewer: and a woman who works at an office and does the typing and so forth. 893: Secretary. Interviewer: and say if you're at a party and you look at your watch and see that it's around 11:30 or so you say well we better be getting home it's 893: Getting late. Interviewer: It's what midnight? It's 893: almost midnight. Interviewer: Okay. And if it was slippery outside you'd say well I didn't fall down but I #1 a couple times I # 893: #2 slipped. # Interviewer: and I might might to 893: Might to have fallen. Interviewer: uh-huh. Do you use that expression much? Might to have? 893: Like to have? No I almost fell. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if someone's waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere calls out asking if you'll e ready soon you say I'll be with you 893: in a minute. Interviewer: Or just 893: Or just a second. Interviewer: and this part of my head is called my 893: forehead. Interviewer: And this is my 893: hair. Interviewer: For a man hair here would be a 893: Whiskers. Interviewer: or you'd be growing a 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 you didn't shave you'd be growing a # 893: beard. Interviewer: And this is my 893: ear. Interviewer: Which one? 893: The left. Interviewer: huh? 893: Left ear? Interviewer: and this is 893: the right ear. Interviewer: and 893: your lips or your mouth. Interviewer: And 893: neck. throat. Interviewer: What about goozle? You ever hear that? 893: No {NW} Interviewer: And these are my 893: teeth. Interviewer: and this is one 893: tooth. Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth. 893: lip. Interviewer: Or 893: oh gum. Interviewer: And this is one 893: hand. Interviewer: two 893: hands. Interviewer: and this is the 893: Palm of the hand. Interviewer: and this is one 893: fist. Interviewer: two 893: fists. Interviewer: And the place where the bones come together. 893: The bones? Interviewer: uh-huh. Where 893: oh for the the bones are what Interviewer: this this is called a 893: a joint. Interviewer: and on a man this would be his 893: chest? Interviewer: and these are the 893: shoulders. Interviewer: and this is one 893: leg. Interviewer: and this is one 893: foot. Interviewer: and I have two 893: feet. Interviewer: And the sensitive bone right right here. This is the 893: The I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of shin or shin? 893: A shin that's right. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 The shin. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: and say if I get down like this you'd say I'm 893: um you would squat? Interviewer: mm-kay. 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 you ever hear of # people say um hunker down or down on your haunches. Do you ever hear that? 893: Down on your haunches I've heard that. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That sounds funny to you? 893: Yes it does. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What is your haunches? # 893: I don't know the back part I guess. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and say someone had been sick for a while. You say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 893: ill. Or sick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever say peaked or puny or? 893: I've heard the expression puny but uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: but I I don't use it. Interviewer: and someone who's in good shape. You say he's big and 893: healthy. Interviewer: and or he's not weak he's 893: strong. Interviewer: And say uh how about stout or husky would you use those words? 893: Well stout or heavy or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What does stout mean? 893: Husky husky I don't I mean there is it is a correct word I know because uh they sell um husky pants. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: for boys who are big you know #1 the # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: They take the say size 12 but in a in a bigger Interviewer: mm-hmm. 893: in a well a a not not the regular size twelve #1 but a bigger 12. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # A little more like they're little more more overweight? 893: Uh-huh. Yes. Interviewer: #1 What about stout? # 893: #2 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Does that mean a little overweight or 893: Yes it does. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 uh-huh. # Interviewer: Would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? 893: a body that was turning Interviewer: butter. 893: Butter. #1 stout butter? No I don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: no. Interviewer: Someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper. You say that he's 893: uh jolly or Interviewer: mm-kay. 893: continue or uh good humored. Interviewer: uh-huh. And someone like a a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs. you say he's 893: lanky. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What if he's always # stumbling and dropping things. Then he's 893: uh uh yes I know I know I have the word you're uh {NW} call that do my grand grandson. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: I can't think of it. Now Interviewer: Do you ever say clumsy or #1 awkward or # 893: #2 clumsy yeah # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 893: #2 you're all clumsy # you're too clumsy or you're butterfingers or Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: All you're all legs or all arms or all thumbs. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Someone who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense. You say he' just a plain 893: uh silly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever use the word fool? Say that someone's a fool? 893: Yeah I think I would. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 How would you # how would you use that? 893: {NW} Well uh like for example uh when uh one of those spoiled children that uh try to put on an act when especially when there's company #1 or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: are bathed or just making fools of themselves. #1 or when a person # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: Gets too drunk and uh they start acting silly. They they're just making fools of themselves. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And someone who has a lot of money. But really hangs onto his money. You'd call him 893: miser? Interviewer: Any other name for him? 893: um stingy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when you say that a person is common what does that mean? 893: Common? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Well that uh there's nothing special about that person I mean it's just a ordinary uh Interviewer: #1 is it an insult? # 893: #2 person. # Well I I'd I wouldn't take it as an insult I mean I would rather use ordinary than Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: than common. Interviewer: What if you say that a girl is very common? What would that mean? 893: A girl? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: It would mean the same thing? 893: Uh Well it all depends on the way it's said or uh Interviewer: What could it mean? 893: Well I could it could mean that uh that girl would be uh boy crazy or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: she would talk to all the boys or try to get to go with all the boys or something like that. That's what I think I don't #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Like those prostitutes over the border? # 893: {NW} Could be. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And say an older person someone maybe up in their eighties who who still gets around real well doesn't show his age he can still do all his work You'd well well for his age he's still awfully 893: sprite #1 or awfully # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: um gets around very well or uh he's uh very um {NW} what's another word for that? Very um active. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and 893: {NW} Interviewer: Say a child might say well I'm not going to go upstairs in the dark I'm 893: afraid. #1 or scared. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # And you say well I don't see she's scared now she 893: wasn't? Interviewer: uh-huh. For use an expression used to be you'd say why's she scared now she 893: she was not #1 before # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: or she hasn't been or she hadn't been. Interviewer: uh-huh. Would you ever say she didn't used to be or #1 used to didn't be # 893: #2 or didn't used to be. # Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Didn't used to be. Interviewer: and say if your children are out later than usual. You say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 893: upset or nervous or uh uh Interviewer: or you say you wouldn't be easy about it #1 you'd say # 893: #2 uneasy # Interviewer: uh-huh. And you say well they'll get home alright just don't 893: Don't worry. Interviewer: And someone who leaves a lot of money on the table then goes outside and doesn't even bother to lock the door. You'd say he's mighty 893: careless. Interviewer: and you said there's nothing really wrong wrong with Aunt Lizzy but sometimes she acts kind of 893: silly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} Interviewer: you ever use the word queer or queer? 893: uh queer or funny. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: or odd. Interviewer: What does the word queer mean? 893: Uh someone who uh Who acts kind of funny that doesn't at normal. Interviewer: Does that word change meanings #1 in past years? # 893: #2 yes it does. # I mean well we use the word queer for Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: uh uh effeminate man or something. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: #1 or # Interviewer: #2 say # 893: or vice versa to a woman. Interviewer: uh-huh. Has has that um you mean homosexuals or 893: yes something like that. Interviewer: #1 has it # 893: #2 uh-huh. # Interviewer: has the word queer always meant that? To you? 893: Well no uh it has meant that and it has meant uh well something queer something that's not common something that's not #1 usual. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: That's uh that that applies to queer also. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and Someone who makes up his own mind and then you can't argue with him. He won't change his mind he he won't ever admit he's wrong. #1 You say that he # 893: #2 stubborn? # Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other way of saying that? 893: He's set in his ways. Interviewer: uh-huh. And somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper. Just a the least little thing. You You'd say he's awfully 893: Touchy. Interviewer: uh-huh. And you say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so 893: upset. Or angry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And someone's about to lose their temper. You'd tell them to just #1 just keep # 893: #2 hold on or # simmer down or #1 just keep your temper. # Interviewer: #2 or keep # Mm-kay. And if you had been working very hard you'd say you were very 893: tired. Which I am. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Any other # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 expressions? # 893: #2 {NW} # uh pooped. {NW} And uh worn out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Say if a person had been well then suddenly here they've got some disease you say well well yesterday they were fine when was it that they what sick? When was it that they 893: became. Interviewer: Mm-kay. or or a more common way of saying that. #1 when # 893: #2 got # Interviewer: #1 huh? # 893: #2 got sick. # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 Got sick? # Interviewer: and the person went outside in in bad weather and came in sneezing and everything you say he 893: he would he has caught a cold. Interviewer: uh-huh. Um or yesterday he went out in the rain that's when he 893: caught a cold or that's when he uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: he started getting a cold or something like that. Interviewer: {NS} {X} you have a 893: a cold. Interviewer: huh? 893: A cold. Interviewer: What do you call that? 893: {NS} oh a cough. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 uh-huh. # Interviewer: And if you can't talk right you say #1 you sound # 893: #2 a sore throat. # Interviewer: #1 Or you sound # 893: #2 or hoarse. # Interviewer: Hmm? 893: Hoarse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 you say um # You throw a ball and ask somebody to 893: catch it. Interviewer: Mm-kay and I threw the ball and he 893: Caught it. Interviewer: And I've been fishing but I haven't 893: caught anything. Interviewer: And you'd say I'm I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it 893: Started to rain. Or when it rained. Interviewer: uh-huh. And you're asking someone um what time does the movie 893: Is over. Interviewer: but what time does it the 893: Does it end? Interviewer: Or what time does it You want to know when it starts you'd ask them for what time does it 893: does it end or what time is it over Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 Or # What else? Interviewer: Or if you're asking when it starts? Another Another way of saying that you could say what time does it start or you could say what time does it b 893: Does it what? Interviewer: What's another word for start? 893: Start begin. Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you say the movie um must have already 893: begun. Interviewer: And ten minutes ago it 893: Began. Interviewer: And if you got someone's medicine um you went in their room and it was still there you'd say why haven't you 893: taken Interviewer: and the person would say I already 893: took it. Interviewer: {NS} And in another hour I'll 893: take it. Interviewer: And someone who can't hear anything at all You say that they're 893: Deaf. Interviewer: and if a man had been working out in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I 893: perspired. Interviewer: Or 893: or sweat. Interviewer: And a sword that comes to a head Is called a 893: A sword? Interviewer: #1 Yeah a sword that you get # 893: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 across your head. # 893: #2 uh-huh. # It's uh ripe or Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: It's uh ready to open or #1 ready to burst # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: or Interviewer: What do you call the sword though? 893: I I don't know. uh uh uh Interviewer: Do you ever hear boil or rind? 893: A boil a boil uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When the boil opens the stuff that drains out is 893: pus. Interviewer: What about if a when a blister opens? 893: It's uh just water or Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 liquid. # uh-huh. Interviewer: And you say a bee stung me in my hand #1 {D: phrase} did that # 893: #2 and it swelled. # Interviewer: And my hand's still pretty badly 893: swollen. Interviewer: And the bee sting to your hand will 893: Swell. Interviewer: And if someone got shot or stabbed you'd have to get a doctor to look at the 893: At the wound. Interviewer: And you know sometimes the wound won't heal back right it gets sort of a skinless growth around it you call that some kind of flesh? Do you ever hear of crowd flesh? 893: No. Uh-uh. Interviewer: And if you have a cut on your finger a brown liquid medicine that stings that #1 you could put on it # 893: #2 iodine. # Interviewer: huh? 893: iodine? Interviewer: uh-huh. What about a real bitter medicine people used to take? 893: Real bitter? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 tasted terrible. # 893: {NW} I don't know we used to take something awful when we were kids that it was either Epsom salts or uh or some other kind that similar to it only it came in bottles already. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Ay it was awful. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 And every weekend # we had to take some of that. {NW} Interviewer: What were you taking it for? 893: Just to clean out our systems. uh you know especially during the summer time. Interviewer: #1 used to take it then? # 893: #2 uh-huh. # Interviewer: Do you ever hear of quinine or quinine? 893: Quinine yeah. Quinine. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever have that? # 893: #2 That's good for # for fever. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say if a man was shot and he didn't get any better you'd say he if he didn't live he 893: He died. Interviewer: Any nicer ways of saying he died? 893: Passed away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about sort of a crude way of saying that? 893: I don't know. Interviewer: And you say he's been a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died 893: of. Interviewer: And 893: What's a cruel way to say when a person dies? Interviewer: Do you ever hear of kicked the bucket or? 893: Kicked the bucket yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Hang the tinnies. Interviewer: #1 Hang what? # 893: #2 {NW} # Hang the tennis. {NW} Interviewer: I've never heard that. 893: {NW} That's the expression we've been using lately at the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} 893: Yeah well I'll hang my tennis pretty soon I tell my grandson you know what I'm going to hang my tennis pretty soon. Interviewer: Hang your #1 tennis? # 893: #2 Tennis. # Uh-huh. Tennis. #1 Tennis like tennis shoes. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # uh-huh. #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I've never heard that. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um a place where people are buried is a 893: Cemetery. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 893: Um yes a cemetery and a {NW} what else what else I know I know but another name for it. uh I can't think of it just now. Interviewer: What about what they put the body in? 893: A coffin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And when he died everybody went to his 893: funeral. Interviewer: And people dressed in black you say that they are in 893: mourning. Interviewer: And on an average sort of day someone asks you how you're feeling you say oh I'm 893: Alright. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And when people get older their joints start hurting. They say they've got 893: rheumatism. Interviewer: And a really bad sore throat that people used to get children would get it and #1 die from it. # 893: #2 uh diphtheria. # Interviewer: Huh? 893: diphtheria. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a disease where your skin and your eyeballs turn yellow. 893: {NS} that's hepatitis. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Um Well yes it's hepatitis but um what do you have a a special name for the when your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? You get you get this along with hepatitis usually. Do you ever hear of jaundice or janders #1 yellow # 893: #2 jaundice # Jaundice. #1 J-A-U-N-D-I-C-E. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # Uh-huh. 893: Yeah. Uh-huh. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And # when you have a pang down here you have to have an operation. 893: Appendix? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the disease that that you have? 893: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you ate something that didn't agree with you. And it came back up you'd say you had to 893: Vomited or thrown up or uh Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Had an upset stomach. Interviewer: Which sounds nicer? Vomit or throw up. 893: Vomit I think. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh what # 893: #2 and it's a proper word. # Interviewer: What sounds the worst? What the the 893: The worst? oh I don't know I think vomit or threw up or Interviewer: Do you ever hear puke or barf? 893: Puke yeah I've heard that. {NW} Interviewer: #1 that sounds funny to you huh? # 893: #2 I've heard puke # {NW} Yes. Interviewer: Say if a if a person vomits and you say he was sick where? 893: He was sick in his stomach. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And say if I ask you um if you know a person you might say Well I don't know him but I 893: Heard of him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say something that um that you do every day If I ask you do you do it often you'd say yes I 893: I do it daily. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 893: #2 or # I do it every day. Interviewer: And if you were asking me whether he does that you'd ask me 893: Does he do it Interviewer: Mm-kay. And I'd say well I don't smoke but he 893: He does. Interviewer: And say if um well I'm not sure if he did it but people 893: say or claim Interviewer: Huh? 893: People say or claim that he did. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And talk about um how tall rooms are. You say this room's about 893: about eight feet high. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if a child's just had her third birthday you say she's 893: three. Interviewer: three 893: Three years old. Interviewer: And Say if a boy's spending a lot of time with a girl he keeps on going over the same girl's house and everything. #1 You'd say that he # 893: #2 {NW} # {NW} Well he's uh has a girlfriend was over at his Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 his girlfriend's quite often or something. # Interviewer: Do you ever say he's courting her or #1 {D: phrase} spoiling her # 893: #2 courting yeah. # courting uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And he would be her 893: or wooing #1 or # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: courting or he would be her uh uh her boyfriend or her sweetheart #1 or her # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # and if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say he had been doing what? 893: dating or uh Interviewer: Do you ever say kissing or #1 smooching or # 893: #2 kissing or petting or # smooching yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And when a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her. You'd say that she 893: broke off or broke up Interviewer: Uh-huh. And he asked her to marry him but she 893: uh declined or uh denied uh declined or uh what else could you say? Interviewer: Did you ever hear jilted him or #1 {X} # 893: #2 jilted yeah # jilted uh-huh. Interviewer: That's common around here? 893: Yes it is. Interviewer: And They were engaged and all of a sudden she {NS} 893: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you say she jilted and ran or 893: She jilted uh-huh or she left him or Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: She changed her mind. Interviewer: uh-huh. And you say she didn't jilt him you say they went ahead and got 893: married. Interviewer: Any joking ways of saying that? 893: Eloped. Interviewer: #1 any joking ways. # 893: #2 {NW} # Jokingly ached. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear jumped the broomstick? 893: No. Uh-uh. Interviewer: And at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom. #1 he's the # 893: #2 uh best man? # Interviewer: And the woman with the bride she's the 893: the maid of honor. Interviewer: or the the 893: the what? Interviewer: What what else besides the maid of honor do they have? 893: um matron of honor? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And 893: the bridesmaid. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you remember um hearing about a long time ago if people in the community would get married other people would would come by their house and make a lot of noise and maybe fire off rice or beat on #1 cans and things? # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Do you ever hear about that? 893: Well I've uh I've seen uh that in the in the car where the bride and groom uh leave for the reception there Interviewer: #1 or leave for their # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # wherever place they're going. They tie a lot of of tin cans to the to the end of the car to the to the rear bumper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or uh uh some old shoes #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: You know they start uh blowing on their horn or #1 whatever. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Do you ever heard of a a shivaree or a serenade? 893: Serenade yes I've heard of serenades. Interviewer: What's a serenade? 893: A serenade is a when a a when a boy is courting a girl he takes some musicians or he alone if he knows how to play the guitar he goes and sings to #1 her and plays a guitar. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: a serenade. Interviewer: Say um how do you use the words up or down or over talking about location like like if you went to um #1 say # 893: #2 uptown? # Interviewer: Yeah. Or say that you went to San Antonio. You'd say I went 893: over to San Antonio. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Why would you say over? 893: Well because it was over on the other side of of my town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: I went over there because it's over there it's not here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} Interviewer: What do you say? Up or down? Where do you go up to? 893: Um I went up to Dallas which is north. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Or down to Mexico Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 Which is south. # Interviewer: And Say there was some trouble at a party. You'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of them. They arrested the 893: Several or they arrested the whole gang or #1 the # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # And if young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you'd call that a 893: dancing. Interviewer: Dancing. You remember um different kinds of dances people used to do? 893: Oh yes. The waltz the tango the uh uh rock and roll the jitterbug Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 the # Charleston. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And uh uh {NW} uh rumbas and um cumbias and #1 well there's a lot # Interviewer: #2 what's cum- # #1 cumbia # 893: #2 cumbia # #1 Cumbia. # Interviewer: #2 What's that # 893: That's a kind of a some kind of a um Mexican uh dance that uh that it's it's danced to Mexican music. Interviewer: How do you what's that 893: C-U-M-B-I-A. Interviewer: Cumbia? 893: cumbia. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do people often do that dance anymore? 893: Yes sometimes. They do uh-huh. Interviewer: around here? 893: Yes Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: phrase} Is there other um festivals here like or for Mexican holidays celebrated here? 893: Across the river they do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: #1 not here # Interviewer: #2 everyone here just goes # 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 across the river there. # 893: #2 uh-huh. # Yes. Interviewer: I wish I could see one huh? 893: You'd have to be around here in around the the they just had one a few days ago on the fifth of May. Interviewer: What what was the #1 the event # 893: #2 that's # like no let's see in the like our fourth of July #1 like the sixteenth of September # Interviewer: #2 the revolution? # 893: Yeah some kind of revolution. #1 something # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: I I don't know much about #1 Mexican history. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: {NW} Well I know it's a holiday and they #1 make a big # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: big thing of it and sixteenth of September that's like our fourth of July. #1 there's their # Interviewer: #2 huh. # 893: independence Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: day. Interviewer: Do people here study Mexican history in school? 893: #1 uh I don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 It seems like they ought to. # 893: I don't think so. uh-uh. No. Interviewer: They should. 893: {NW} Interviewer: Say if um children get out of school at four o clock you'd say at four o clock school does what? 893: Is out? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 893: uh Interviewer: Do you ever say turns out or lets out? 893: No. Is out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And after vacation children would ask when does school 893: End. Interviewer: Or after #1 vacation. # 893: #2 oh after vacation. # When does school start. Interviewer: And if a child left home to go to school and didn't show up in school that day you'd say she 893: was absent. Interviewer: or 893: or played hooky. Interviewer: uh-huh. And after high school you go on to 893: college. Interviewer: And years ago children sat on benches at school. But now they sit at 893: Desks. Interviewer: And each child has his own 893: desk. Interviewer: And a six year old goes into the 893: a six year old #1 goes into first grade. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 893: library. Interviewer: And to mail a package? 893: post office. Interviewer: And you stay overnight in a strange town at a 893: motel or hotel. Interviewer: And you see a play or a movie at a 893: theater. Interviewer: And if you have to have an operation you'd go into the 893: have to have an #1 operation # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: you have to go to the hospital. Interviewer: And the woman that would look after you. 893: A nurse. Interviewer: And you'd catch a train at the 893: depot or station. Interviewer: Or you could call that the rail 893: railroad station. Interviewer: And before they had buses in town they used to have things that would run run on tracks and have a wire? 893: uh streetcar. Interviewer: They have those around here? 893: We used to. Yes when I was a little girl I was #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: eight or ten years old I used to like to ride the #1 streetcar all the time. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: {NW} Interviewer: Um #1 say # 893: #2 they still have them in Chicago or had # Interviewer: #1 oh they do? # 893: #2 but # uh yeah I think they still do uh-huh. Interviewer: I've never been #1 well I was # 893: #2 uh # Interviewer: in Chicago when I was two or three. 893: uh I used to call them trolley cars. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And that little girl uh used to ask me cause she they called it street cars. And she used to ask me why do you call them trolley cars? She said because that's a proper name for them trolley cars. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's what do you what do they call them in Chicago? 893: Street cars. Interviewer: Street cars. 893: Uh-huh. Or the the L's that are the elevator trains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or the uh subs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh you tell the bus driver this next corner is is where 893: where I get off. Interviewer: And say if um {NS} If you have a say a piece of furniture and it's it's not sitting directly in the corner. You know. #1 Don't have enough # 893: #2 it's # {D: word?} cater corner? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How else do you use that word catty-corner? 893: Well I I guess that's about the the only expression that I know #1 cater corner. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Well say if two street cross like {NS} like that you know. 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And you were at this corner # wanted to get over to this corner. instead of walking like this you walk like this. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You say you're walking catty-corner then? 893: Yes I think so. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: That's what I would use or what is the proper word? Interviewer: No I I was just wondering how 893: #1 how I would use # Interviewer: #2 how you use catty-corner. # 893: #1 uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: Well I guess yeah. I would. Interviewer: And you say um here in Webb county the radio is the is the what? of Webb county? 893: The seat. Interviewer: huh? 893: The seat? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you were a postmaster you'd be working for the federal 893: Government. Interviewer: And the police in town are supposed to maintain 893: order law and order. Interviewer: And the fight between the doors in the south was called a 893: The what? Interviewer: The north and the south. 893: The what between? Interviewer: The fight. 893: The fight between north and and the south? Interviewer: Where they freed the slaves. That was the 893: {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear the ci- 893: civil war. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 Any other names for that? # 893: #2 {NW} # I don't think so. Interviewer: And before they had the electric chair murderers were 893: hanged. Interviewer: And say that man went out and what himself? 893: Hung himself. Interviewer: And you say um that would be a hard mountain to 893: climb. Interviewer: But last year my neighbor 893: climbed it. Interviewer: But I have never 893: climbed. Interviewer: And you say he was feeling so good that instead of walking he what? 893: He ran. Interviewer: And you say um he has what a mile? He has 893: He has run a mile. Interviewer: And children like to 893: Run. Interviewer: And you'd say I have just what him a letter? 893: I have just written. Interviewer: Huh? 893: I have just written him a letter. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You say yesterday he 893: he wrote a letter. Interviewer: And tomorrow I will 893: he will write. Interviewer: And you say I wanted {X} time I was getting a 893: an answer. Interviewer: And you put the letter in the envelope and you take out your pen and you 893: address it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say you backed the letter? 893: No. #1 No I haven't. # Interviewer: #2 And # You say well I was going to write him but I didn't know his 893: address. Interviewer: And what are some um the biggest cities in the United States is in 893: The biggest city? Interviewer: is in where? 893: {NW} I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Well what are some of the big states up north? 893: Big states New York? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And Baltimore is in 893: Maryland. Interviewer: And um Tulsa is in 893: Oklahoma. Interviewer: And Boston. 893: Massachusetts. Interviewer: And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the 893: {NW} from the the new England states? Interviewer: Mm-kay. What are some of the states in the South? 893: I wouldn't know I I I was never too good in geography. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well where's Richmond? 893: Richmond Virginia? Interviewer: Huh? 893: Richmond Virginia? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And Raleigh. 893: North Carolina. Interviewer: And Columbia. 893: Columbia South Carolina? Interviewer: Uh-huh. For for a ___ you know these. 893: I I don't know really. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 I I was # Interviewer: #1 okay # 893: #2 never good at geography. # #1 I # Interviewer: #2 um # What what about the um the state where I'm from? You remember what 893: Yes. uh Georgia? #1 Augusta Georgia. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # And the state that you get a lot of oranges from. Miami is the 893: Miami Florida. Interviewer: And the state right next to to Georgia. Where George Wallace is governor. You have Birmingham 893: Alabama. Interviewer: And um {X} uh Jackson is in 893: uh Jackson Mississippi? Interviewer: Mm-kay. The state just under Mississippi. 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Which would you # #1 uh Shreveport? # 893: #2 uh # Shreveport Louisiana. Interviewer: And um the bluegrass state. 893: bluegrass? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: I wouldn't know. Interviewer: Well they have a derby there they have one in Portland 893: oh Kentucky. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the biggest city in Kentucky? 893: {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Lou? 893: Louisville. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the state just under Kentucky. Where they have country music. 893: Um No I don't know. Interviewer: What is the city where they have the grand {X}? for country music? Do you know the Nash? 893: Nashville, Tennessee. Interviewer: uh-huh. And Little rock is the capital of 893: Arkansas. Interviewer: And this state is 893: Texas. {NS} Interviewer: And um the biggest city in Maryland. 893: Maryland? uh Boston. Baltimore? Interviewer: uh-huh. And the capital of the United States 893: Washington DC. Interviewer: And the biggest city in Missouri. 893: {NW} I wouldn't know. Interviewer: It's Saint 893: Saint Louis. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the old seaport in South Carolina. Is Charle- 893: Charleston. Interviewer: And what are some of the cities in Alabama? 893: Alabama? Interviewer: Big spill cities. Bir- 893: Birmingham. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the capital? 893: {NW} Interviewer: It's Mont 893: Montgomery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the one down on the gulf? Starts with an M. Did you ever hear of Mob 893: Mobile? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Oh. {NW} Interviewer: And I guess you've never been 893: #1 No uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 in Alabama # 893: No. Mm-mm. Interviewer: um the city up in the mountains of North Carolina. #1 What about # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: some of the cities in Tennessee? 893: Nashville Tennessee. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: uh uh I don't know. I I I just never uh never learned any geography and never have traveled much. Interviewer: {NW} 893: {NW} Interviewer: What about the um where Lookout Mountain is? That's Chatta- {NS} Chatta- 893: Chattanooga? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And where Martin Luther King was shot? That's Memph- 893: Memphis? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And east Tennessee? Have Kno- {NW} Do you hear of Knoxville? 893: Knoxville. Yeah. Knoxville that's right. Interviewer: Huh. 893: I have to be prodded. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: um what about some of the cities in Georgia? 893: Augusta Georgia. And uh Interviewer: the cities in in Georgia? 893: Augusta? Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Atlanta. Interviewer: And Sa- 893: And Interviewer: Sava-- 893: Savannah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the name of the person who discovered America 893: Christopher Columbus. Interviewer: And cities in Louisiana. 893: {NW} New Orleans. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: And the city in southern Ohio. 893: In southern Ohio? Interviewer: Cin- 893: Sandusky? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um Dublin is in what country? 893: Dublin? Ireland. Interviewer: And Paris? 893: France. Interviewer: And Moscow? 893: Russia. Interviewer: And say if someone asked you to go with them. Someplace and you're not sure you want to. You say I don't know 893: Whether I want to or not. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you want somebody to go with you You'd say I won't go 893: unless #1 such and such goes with me. # Interviewer: #2 mm-kay. # 893: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # And talking about distance you say um how far would you say um the border is from here? 893: Uh from Willy the border is not not too far away it's just uh uh Interviewer: Just two or three? 893: Two or three miles. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And Say if two people become members of church You say they 893: They became church members. Interviewer: Or they what the church? 893: Joined. Interviewer: And you go to church to pray to 893: God. Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a 893: sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the 893: Music. Interviewer: And the enemy of God is called the 893: Satan. Interviewer: #1 Or the # 893: #2 or the Devil. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other names for him besides Satan and the Devil? 893: uh Well no I I Interviewer: #1 What would you call # 893: #2 uh Ha # Hades? #1 No that that's hell. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: Hades is hell. Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna get them if they don't behave? 893: the boogeyman. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # And oh did y'all they're playing the Exorcist here aren't they? 893: I think they still are I'm not sure #1 I think they are # Interviewer: #2 What do people think of that movie? # 893: Well some of them if fact my uh my grandson went to see it last Saturday and he still claims that he {NS} he thinks about it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: And that he has nightmares #1 And that he's # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: I don't know whether he's putting on an act or whether it's real but only last night he was saying oh I wish I uh could I wish I uh I could forget about the movie. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How old is he? 893: He's fourteen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 He's not supposed to have gone. # 893: No I know. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 And I told him not to # because I had heard you know that it was not a very nice picture but he insisted #1 so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: Now every time he complains I tell him well I told you not to go Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 out # but you had to have your way. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # {NW} um so what do people think they see around the graveyard at night? 893: Ghosts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what about a house that people are scared to go in? 893: It's a haunted house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you believe in ghosts? 893: Uh no uh-huh no I don't. Not a not in ghosts or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: I mean I I I believe in some message the that Christ will send you Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: or some vision or {NS} Bless you. Or some dream or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Something like that but not in ghosts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say you tell someone oh you better put a sweater on it's getting #1 it's not cold but it's getting # 893: #2 uh # Getting cool? Interviewer: uh-huh. Or getting a little 893: chilly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say well I'll go with you if you really want me to but I 893: rather not. Interviewer: And someone says something kind of shocking. You might say what a very 893: idea. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And {X} morning What might you ask them then? 893: How are you? Or how have you been? Interviewer: What about in your interviews to a stranger? #1 What might you # 893: #2 {NW} # I Pardon me I have to make a a a telephone call. Interviewer: Okay. 893: {NW} {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Got everything all set and done? 893: Yes. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um What would you say in your interviews to a stranger? 893: How do you do or very glad to meet you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say if some people were leaving your house after a visit you say well I hope you'll come back 893: soon. Interviewer: Or I hope I see you a 893: Again. Interviewer: And how would you greet someone around December 25th? 893: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about on the first of January? 893: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 893: No I don't think so. Interviewer: And you say I have to go downtown to do some 893: shopping. Interviewer: And say you bought something the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and 893: Wrapped it. Interviewer: When I got home I 893: unwrapped it. Interviewer: And if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you would be selling it 893: At a loss. Interviewer: And if you like something but don't have enough money for it you say I like it but it 893: it's expensive or I can't afford it. Interviewer: It what too much? It 893: It costs too much. Interviewer: And on the first of the month your bill is 893: due. Interviewer: And if you belong to a club you have to pay your 893: your dues. Interviewer: And if you don't have any money you could go to the bank and 893: borrow. Interviewer: And you say in the thirties money was Back in the thirties. 893: Scarce. Interviewer: And say um child ran down the screen board and 893: uh Interviewer: What? 893: Mm-hmm. Dove? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And several children have 893: have dived. Interviewer: And I was just scared to 893: to dive. Interviewer: And You say um he dove in and what? 893: Swam. Interviewer: And several children have 893: Swam. Interviewer: And children like to 893: swim. Interviewer: And if you don't know how to swim then you get into the water you could 893: Drown. Interviewer: And yesterday he 893: almost or drowned or he drowned. Interviewer: And when they pulled him out he had already 893: Drowned. Interviewer: And when you dive in hitting water flat You call that a 893: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 do you ever hear of belly buster or belly flop or? # 893: {NW} No I haven't. Interviewer: What about when you put your head on the ground and turn a 893: somersault? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And when you buy something or pay your bills some storekeepers will give you a little present. And say it's for 893: A little present? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or appreciation? Or uh Interviewer: {D: Do you ever hear of lagniappe or piedlong?} 893: {D: piedlong yeah.} #1 uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Piedlong?} # 893: Uh-huh. {D: Piedlong.} #1 uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 what what is # 893: #1 {D: We used to get piedlong} # Interviewer: #2 {D: piedlong?} # 893: uh when we were kids in the those slip stores you know we we'd used to go and and buy candy Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: uh but mostly candy very few cookies all candy. {D: And he'd put in an extra candy and say this is your piedlong.} #1 uh or something like a bonus # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: #1 or something # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 893: {NW} Interviewer: They don't do that anymore I guess. 893: No uh-huh. #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 893: That's been gone for years. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # You say he didn't really know what was going on but he what you it all? He 893: Thought. Interviewer: uh-huh. Or if he's pretending you say he 893: Acted or uh Interviewer: He acted what? 893: Smart. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But you say he acted as if he knew it all or he made out like he knew it all or 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Which # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 How would you call him? # 893: #2 Well he # he acted or he uh well I would use like more than made out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How how would you say the whole thing? He 893: Well he acted as if he knew it all or he uh he seemed to have known it all or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: He thought he knew it all. Interviewer: And say if um If I I say um well whether when are y'all going to Houston? You say well right now we're what to going next week? We're 893: Ready or planning. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever say we're fixing to go or #1 We're aiming to go? # 893: #2 No # We we're planning to go. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 893: #2 Or # getting ready to go. Interviewer: And what does a baby do before it walks? 893: It crawls. Interviewer: And say if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party. Had a lot of things growing out in your yard. You'd go out and {X} the flowers you'd go out and 893: Decorate. Interviewer: you you'd go out the yard and what some flowers? 893: Oh uh picked some flowers? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say if there was something bad that you'd expected to happen. Like a child walking along the top of the steps and you'd expect him to fall off and hurt himself. And someone comes running in and says he's fallen off. You'd say I just what that was going to happen? 893: I just thought. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And You'd say she walked up to the altar and she 893: knelt. Interviewer: And if you were tired you might say I think I'll go over to the couch and 893: Lie down. Interviewer: And he was really sick. Couldn't even sit up. All morning he just what the bed? 893: Stayed in bed or laid in bed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And talking about something that you see in your sleep You'd say this is what I 893: Dreamt. Interviewer: And often when I go to sleep I 893: Dream. Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I have 893: Dreamt. Interviewer: And if you bring your um foot down heavy on the floor you say you 893: Stomp. Interviewer: And say I dreamed I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I 893: Woke up. Interviewer: {NS} And if you see a friend of yours um walking someplace walking home alone you say and you have your car you say can I 893: Give you a ride. Interviewer: Or can I #1 What? # 893: #2 Take you home. # Interviewer: Huh? 893: Take you home. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And to get something to come towards you you 893: uh drag it Interviewer: #1 or # 893: #2 or # pull it. Interviewer: And the other way would be 893: Pushing. Interviewer: And if you had some groceries and didn't have your car you say you picked it up and 893: Carried them. Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? #1 Besides # 893: #2 Well I've heard # about toting #1 and # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: uh uh toting and uh I don't know what else Interviewer: Would you say tote? #1 It doesn't sound right? # 893: #2 No I just # I would just say carry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you tell a child now that stove is very hot so 893: don't get close to it or don't touch it. Interviewer: And if you need a hammer you'd tell someone go 893: Go get me a hammer. Interviewer: And a game that children play where one child will be it and the other children will hide. 893: uh hide and seek? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do they call the tree they can touch to be safe? 893: The tree? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or whatever they touch in 893: Oh the base? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 Or the # or the yeah the base or the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or a the place where they uh yell free. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And in football you run towards the 893: goal. Interviewer: And we were planning to meet somewhere I'd say well if I get there first I'll 893: Wait for you. Interviewer: And you were about to punish someone they might say don't punish me just give me one more 893: Chance. Interviewer: And someone who always catches onto a joke he's got a good sense of 893: Of humor. Interviewer: And you say well we've got termites but I'm sure the exterminator company will will get 893: will get rid of them. Interviewer: And say a child leaves her pencil on the desk and come back and doesn't find it there. She'd say I bet somebody 893: Stole it. Interviewer: And if a child's learning something new like learn to whistle. And you wanted to know where she learned it. You'd say who 893: Taught you. Interviewer: And a child that's always running and telling on other children. 893: Tattletale. Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay. # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Would you # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: use that word about a grownup? 893: {NW} Yes I think I would. #1 a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 893: a tattletale. Or uh gossiper or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Something like that. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And something that a child plays with is a 893: toy. Interviewer: Do you ever call it a play pretty? 893: No. Uh-uh. Interviewer: And you say that's the book that you what me for Christmas? That you 893: Gave me. Interviewer: And you say you have 893: given. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And I will 893: give. Interviewer: And you'd say you can't get through there because the highway department has got the machines there and the road is all 893: Closed. Interviewer: Or all cl 893: torn? Interviewer: Huh? 893: Uh torn? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you give someone a bracelet. You want to see how it looks on her. You'd say why don't you 893: try it on? Interviewer: Or another way to say it. Why don't you 893: put it on. Interviewer: And say he moved here in 1960 and he's lived here ever 893: since. Interviewer: and that wasn't an accident. He did that 893: purposely. Or on purpose. #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: uh there's another word uh uh he premeditated it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And say if you have a question I might say well I don't know the answer. You better go what somebody else? 893: Ask. Interviewer: So you say so then I went and 893: Asked. Interviewer: And you say you're the second person who 893: has asked me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say those boys get mad and 893: fight. Interviewer: Yesterday they 893: fought. Interviewer: ever since they were small they have 893: fought. Interviewer: And you'd say she what {X} do not 893: stabbed. Interviewer: And say a um teacher comes into a the classroom and sees a picture on the board. She might ask who 893: drew. Interviewer: And if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you could use pulley blocks and a rope to 893: to pull it up? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever say to hoist it or heist it up? 893: Hoist. Yes hoist. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS} And now you can start counting slowly. To fifteen. 893: What was that again? Interviewer: Just start counting slowly #1 to fifteen. # 893: #2 start counting # #1 slowly? # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 893: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen. Interviewer: And the number after nineteen. 893: Twenty. Interviewer: And twenty-six? 893: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And twenty-nine? 893: Thirty. Interviewer: Thirty-nine? 893: Forty. Interviewer: Sixty nine? 893: Seventy. Interviewer: Ninety-nine? 893: A hundred. Interviewer: Nine hundred ninety-nine? 893: A thousand. Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand is one 893: million. Interviewer: And say if there's some people in line. The person at the head of the line is the what person? He's 893: the leader? Interviewer: #1 Or the # 893: #2 or the # or the first person. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And behind him is the 893: second person. Interviewer: And keep going. 893: Third. {NS} Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all 893: All at once. Interviewer: And say if you got twenty bushels to the acre last year. This year you got forty. You'd say this year's crop was exactly 893: double. Interviewer: Or what as good as last year? 893: Twice. Interviewer: Huh? 893: Twice. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 893: Twice as good. Interviewer: And could you name the months of the year slowly. 893: The months? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: January February March April May June July August September October November and December. Interviewer: And the days of the week? 893: uh Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday and Saturday. Interviewer: What about sabbath? #1 Do you use # 893: #2 a sabbath? # Interviewer: uh-huh. #1 Do you use that? # 893: #2 No # That's used only in church. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What what is sabbath? 893: The sabbath is the the the day that's the day of rest the day that's dedicated to our Lord Interviewer: Sunday? 893: The day of prayer Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say if you meet someone during the early part of the day. What would you say as a greeting? 893: Good morning. Interviewer: Mm-kay. How long does morning last? 893: Till noon. Interviewer: And then you have 893: Afternoon. Interviewer: Then what? 893: Evening. Interviewer: #1 or when does # 893: #2 or night # Interviewer: When does afternoon end? 893: Oh I would say afternoon ends about five. Or four. #1 between four and five. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # And how long does evening last? #1 It goes # 893: #2 evening # till uh nighttime say from five o clock say five o clock in the evening till to seven. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Then it starts eight o clock at night. Interviewer: Uh-huh. IF you were um leaving someone's house after dark you'd tell them 893: Uh tell them that uh #1 it was late? # Interviewer: #2 well what # uh-huh. And you'd you'd tell them 893: good good evening. #1 or good night. # Interviewer: #2 mm-kay. # What if you were leaving someone around eleven o clock in the day? Would you say anything as you were leaving? 893: Uh have a good day or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever just say good day to people? 893: Yes. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When do you say that? 893: In the morning. Interviewer: When you see them or 893: #1 when you see them. # Interviewer: #2 when you're leaving them # 893: Yeah uh-huh. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And Do you have to get up and start work before the sun was shining. You say we we started work before 893: uh before dawn. Interviewer: Or before sun 893: the sun rose. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or before the sun 893: sunrise. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And we worked until 893: sunset. Interviewer: And this morning I saw the sun 893: rise. Interviewer: And when I got outside the sun had already 893: rose. Interviewer: And say um if today is is Friday then Thursday was 893: Yesterday Interviewer: and Saturday is 893: tomorrow. Interviewer: And if someone came here on a Sunday. Not last Sunday but a week earlier than that. You say they came here when? 893: Last week. Interviewer: Or not last week the week not last Sunday but the Sunday earlier than that? You'd say they came here {NS} 893: Yesterday? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you say Sunday um Sunday a week or 893: Sunday week or a week from a week ago. #1 or # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: yes. #1 a week ago # Interviewer: #2 what # #1 What is Sunday # 893: #2 or last Sunday # Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What what about what does Sunday week mean? #1 In the future or # 893: #2 from one Sunday # to to the next I guess. Interviewer: Does that mean in the future? 893: uh Sunday week yes. A week from Sunday. Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth. You'd say he stayed about 893: two weeks. Interviewer: Any would you ever call that a fortnight? 893: Uh no. uh-uh. Interviewer: And if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody 893: What time is it. Interviewer: And you'd look at your 893: watch. Interviewer: And it's midway between seven o clock and eight o clock you'd say it's 893: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Any any other way of saying that? #1 Say that it # 893: #2 no I don't think so. # Interviewer: It's half 893: half Interviewer: What eight? It's half 893: Uh half past? Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Seven? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And it's fifteen minutes later than that. You'd say it was 893: Seven fifteen or fifteen minutes past. Interviewer: Or or it's fif- seven forty-five. #1 You say # 893: #2 seven forty-five yeah. # Interviewer: It's a quarter 893: to eight. Interviewer: And if you've been doing something for a long time you'd say I've been doing that for quite a 893: while. Interviewer: {NS} And you say 1973 was last year. 1974 is 893: This year. Interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year you say it happened exactly 893: A year ago. Interviewer: And you say it was so cold last night that the water pipes 893: froze. Interviewer: And 893: burst. Interviewer: And the #1 pipes are # 893: #2 or broke. # Interviewer: but the pipes have already 893: broken. Interviewer: or have already 893: burst Interviewer: because the water has 893: Expanded or frozen Interviewer: uh-huh. As it gets cold the pipe will 893: will burst. Interviewer: Because the water will 893: freeze. Interviewer: And if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a 893: um frost? Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about something harder than a frost? 893: Uh {NW} Mm-mm. Interviewer: Do you ever talk about a freeze? 893: A freeze yeah Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 What's the difference? # 893: #2 Well it froze # we say uh I always say uh it it froze last night Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: Or I don't say we had Interviewer: uh-huh. 893: I say it did #1 it happened. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # and you say it was so cold that the lake 893: froze. Interviewer: What if it just froze around the edges? Would you have a special expression for that? 893: mm Well uh it isn't uh frozen all the way through #1 or it's not # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: frozen frozen hard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say all night long the wind 893: blew. Interviewer: And the wind has 893: blown. Interviewer: And it started the wind started to 893: blow. Interviewer: And the wind's from this direction. You say it's 893: it's uh western uh Interviewer: #1 the wind is coming # 893: #2 yeah # from the west? Interviewer: uh-huh. And the wind halfway between south and west would be a 893: southwest. Interviewer: And south and east? 893: Southeast. Interviewer: And east and north? 893: Northeast. Interviewer: And west and north? 893: Northwest. Interviewer: And if the wind had been weak and was gradually getting stronger you'd say it was 893: blowing harder. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it was had been strong and was getting weaker. You say it was 893: it's {NS} It's I well it's it's not as strong as it was Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or it's diminishing or it's getting uh uh Interviewer: do you ever say it's letting up or laying 893: Letting up I might #1 I might use that # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 893: that word yeah. Interviewer: And um say you look up at the sky and say I don't like the look of those black 893: clouds. Interviewer: And on the day when the sun was shining and there weren't any clouds you'd say that's a 893: a sunny day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And on a day when it's real dark and overcast you'd say that's a #1 when the sun # 893: #2 gloomy # Interviewer: huh? 893: Gloomy? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you think it's going to rain or something in a little while. You'd say the weather was 893: changing. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if um if it had been raining and the clouds break away and the sun comes out. You say looks like it's finally going to 893: clear up. Interviewer: And say if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you say you're having a 893: a drought a drought a Interviewer: #1 uh-huh. # 893: #2 D-R-O-U-G-H-T. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. And 893: What's the correct pronunciation for that? #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I don't know. # #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: There's different pronunciations. 893: #1 uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 to that. # #1 um # 893: #2 or a dry spell is # #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 893: some people might say Interviewer: Say if you get up in the morning and can't see across the road. You call that a 893: a fog. Interviewer: And the day like that would be a 893: foggy day. Interviewer: And a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down would be a 893: downpour. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other names for that? 893: I don't think so. Interviewer: What if it's um got thunder and lightning in it? 893: Storm. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it's if it's raining but it's not a real heavy rain not it's not a downpour. It would be a 893: drizzle. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What else? 893: uh misty rain? Or drizzle or light rain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a misty rain like? 893: It's real fine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: It's real fine and it's uh it's finer than the than the drizzle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The drizzle's #1 How long does the drizzle last? # 893: #2 A drizzle is heavier. # Well it all it varies. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you ever talk about a shower or a sprinkle? 893: uh Well yes I have heard I have heard of {NS} sprinkle. #1 and I have # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: heard the word shower. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: But I would use drizzle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: Or mist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is a shower and what's a sprinkle? What 893: A sprinkle are just a few drops. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: That uh they are not very heavy and they are they won't last long. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: A drizzle is a is something that uh I mean it's not as heavy as a shower #1 or a rain # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm. # 893: but it comes continuously. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 893: And a mist is finer than the than the drizzle. Interviewer: So you can't hardly see it. 893: Mm-hmm. But you can feel it. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What {NS} Interviewer: Um Your name {B} your {B} 894: Oh {B} Interviewer: E-N-C-I 894: E-N-A-L E-N-C-I-N-A-L Encinal Interviewer: And the county {B} Uh-huh {NS} What what's the name of this community here 894: It's an well this is just a ranch here this is just a ranch #1 there's # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: No community this is My nearest neighbor is about a mile from here but Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And they lie across the road and uh {NS} Interviewer: You Would you consider this Encinal or 894: R-F-D Encinal I would so think Interviewer: F 894: R-F-D-U rural {X}{NS} Interviewer: Uh huh {B} That you live 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: How big is this ranch? It looks Is this light on both sides of the road 894: No just this side It's small{NS} It's uh two thousand acres Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um and where were you born? 894: I was born in {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Just about a mile away 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And your age? 894: Uh seventy four Interviewer: And your occupation? {NS} 894: Well I'm retired now And I'm Rancher I should s- say now yes Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that what you've always done Ranching 894: No I have had ranching Interests all along but I had #1 Further # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 894: Other positions I have uh Well the last one was a Mobil consignee at Encinal Mobil consignee for fifteen years Interviewer: Um what's that? Mob- 894: Mobil M-O-B-I-L Mobil oil corporation consignee Interviewer: What's con 894: Consignee that's consigned stuff to you you see C-O-N-S-I-G-N double E consignee Interviewer: Uh huh 894: Mobil would sign merchandise to me and I would sell it and send them the money for it Interviewer: Is Mobil a a big oil company in this area? 894: It's uh in the United States Mobil is a{NS} is about the I guess the second or third biggest oil company in the United States Interviewer: Hmm Is that related to Expo Do you know 894: It used to be a part of Exxon And they divided it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: You know they had the Standard {D: crust food} And Mobil used to be Magnolia and they'd buy the stock #1 It became # Interviewer: #2 Huh # 894: Mobil Interviewer: And your religion? 894: Uh I am a {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that what you've always been or {D: I noticed you still had said today is it} Um Tell me about your education You remember the The name of the first school you went to and then 894: I went to the Encinal {NS} Interviewer: Uh huh 894: Encinal School at that time we just ha- we just had a uh Two teacher school Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And there was uh Five or six in each uh Classes in each room Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh {NS} First I went into the Lower one and then Elevated into the higher one Interviewer: Mm-hmm How long did you go there through what grades 894: Uh tenth grade Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Did you get a chance to graduate from college then or 894: No I never Interviewer: Oh you didn't 894: #1 I never attended college # Interviewer: #2 From high school # Interviewer: Did Did you get a uh Chance to finish high school or 894: #1 Well at that time that was # (no speaker): #2 894: That was #1 It at Encinal # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh 894: We had only the ten grades {NS} Smaller school {NS} Interviewer: What was Encinal like back then? 894: Almost like it was now It was a headquarters town Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: For a big ranching operation And the ranch Was T-A Coleman Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh He had Several hundred thousand acres under his Jurisdiction and dome {X}{NS} And uh Interviewer: Was this one person{NS} Mister Coleman or 894: Mm-hmm An individual Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh {NW} He uh Stayed at Encinal And hired all these people the Mexican people And his cowboys he'd bring his Is this what you want? Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: he'd bring uh his cattle The cowboys would uh Herd the cattle out on these ranches Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh bring them into Encinal Out to the shipping pens And ship them out from there To the Grass and Kansas and some place like that There they'd fatten them in that time Where every thing was grass {D: fat pig cat} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Eat meat And uh He had uh Four or five different uh Different uh Camps going And He had about Six or seven cowboys to each camp Interviewer: Mm-hmm What do you mean Camp?{NS} 894: Well it's two each uh The camp there's a Where these men {D: chipped wagon} And I had to cook Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh they had the Boss man which rode the horse with them And then all these other men Worked under this boss man Gathering the cattle and these big And open Pastures Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh There he uh Would gather them up and when he would Clear a pasture why he would bring his cattle to town {NW} Possibly he would take his His calves Off of the cows and cow op- part of the operation Take his calves off and Put them up and grow them out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And those days why we Felt like that a steer To go to Kansas had to be two years old Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Because or older {NW} Has to #1 because # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} A two year old steer has two teeth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh when you take him up to the grass pasture Why with two teeth his His teeth were uneven and he couldn't Eat and get fat so they preferred greatly To have three year olds #1 to go out to the grass # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh # 894: {NW} And uh He'd keep them here on this and grow them out {NS} And from there he went on up to Kansas Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Sold them in the fall or the year After a year and then he'd {D: hold grass} there To the Packing plants #1 mostly in # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Kansas City Interviewer: But this were they ships on rails 894: #1 Yeah they'd ship the rail # Interviewer: #2 Or # 894: At Encinal they had a big uh Rail and they'd take those cattle there and uh When I was a child why uh I would set up go there at times I'd have {NS} These box cars all not cattle cars all set out To take these cattle and go out we'd go out there And watch when they'd bring 'em in While they were wild and they would Have a I'd say a rodeo out there They'd have the ropes and the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Finally they'd sometimes they'd get to milling And they would mill do you know what #1 mill # Interviewer: #2 What # 894: Milling is they go around in circles #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And uh When these cattle get circling that away Why they won't go any place but just this circle And you can't pen them you can't do anything And the cattle {NW} Cowboys would have to go in there and break 'em up They'd have to try to {NS} And uh Then well they would put them into the pens And uh after they got them into the pens they would {NW} Put them in Different Uh Lots Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And they would just take them and assort them According to sizes and things like that and uh Put them in cars What kind of lots would they put them in? I mean Would Was the the lot very Big or Uh they would try to put them in uh according to the number of sizes they had and then afterwards they would cut them out maybe Course what they didn't have the pens to do this with So many cattle that they would cut them out In two or three different{NS} Pens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And have each size you know more or less Which makes some of them larger and some smaller Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Then he would uh Take these and when he would start to ship Why he would go into one pen and he would Cut out maybe Twenty-five to thirty-two head according to the size Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Put it in the car and They would Spot another car and keep right on until he got it{NS} Maybe they'd be there Eight or ten hours loading cattle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And was here taking them to the getting ready for the shipment Interviewer: How have things changed now? {NS} 894: Today well the trucking industry has taken over the Cattle #1 business # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: and uh The trucks go to the Ranches picks up the cattle And takes them to the markets Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Now only {D: Callehand} ranch down here Interviewer: How big is that ranch? 894: It's about a hundred thousand acres Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: I don't know exactly {NS} #1 but approximately # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And uh down there {NS} well they have their own trucks And they take these calves and when they Get to a certain stage {NW} Why they uh Well most of them weening They take them to California in their own trucks They have these Triple deck trucks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh They load them out and they'll That away we they used to take them in train And when they took them in train they would have to unload them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: The there's a law that you could uh Have to take the cattle twenty four hours Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh after twenty four hours you'd have to unload them Unless you got a special permit They usually got a special permit and took them To Belen New Mexico And by #1 the Santa Fe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: around that away And then have to unload them and let them rest up there All night And uh Take them into the feed locks Interviewer: Why would they make you unload them? 894: Be- to rest After thirty six hours standing up in the car and jolting them around and everything and they had to water them and #1 feed them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: You see And uh Now with these trucks within thirty six hours that's a minimum federal law that you can't Keep them #1 Over thirty six hours # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: without a rest Now that these trucks why they put them into California in less time than thirty six hours Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh {NW} Then They come back and ready for #1 another load # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And Interviewer: Why do they take them to California now instead to the Midwest? 894: They take them to California because the cattle today are all cattle that are fed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Fed cattle That they have out in California you know They have those {NW} Fields possibly this is not They have the fields that they grow Alfalfa on #1 to grow vegetables # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And when the vegetables after three years They have to Switch to Uh A crop like alfalfa that will open up the soil because it becomes this water getting on it gets {NS} so hard that they Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: and that puts the humus in the soil the roots of the alfalfa and they have to grow it and there's lots of alfalfa and they take the cattle out there on account of the feed being there available {NS} And uh {NS} And then they uh {NS} Have to ship in their concentrates and things and #1 feed them grain and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: maybe soy bean meal {D: protein} meal or whatever{NS} #1 they have available # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: and feed them out and put them on the market Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And the buyers from Los Angeles come into come into the Mark his place his his feed lot is in {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And they'd co- come out there and they buy so many cattle they say we want so many cattle they want them to grades so and so Mm-hmm {NS} And uh So They buy them by Dead weight they take them and uh And butcher them And Hang them up on the Hooks And the on the rail they call it Out in the {D: morning} there {NS} And then they Pay them so much a pound for the meat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} That away why they Keep their things {D: turning}{NS} Interviewer: Hmm Quick second um{NS} {X} Do you click{NS} 894: Uh {NS} Here is uh where we're burning prickly pear to feed the cattle. During the drought of the seasons the cattle come to the sound of the {D: Paraburner we call it a paraburner which is a} torch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} Filled with butane or propane gas and we scorch the thorns off and the cattle eat the uh prickly pear{NS} {NS} Interviewer: That's a kind of a cactus? {NW} 894: {D: Actually it's not} Aux: Oh wow {NS} #1 {NS}I'm gonna show her the cactus picture # 894: #2 # Aux: #1 Just like just like that out there{NS} # 894: #2 # Aux: Now we We grow we feed it most every winter {D: Oh no we} darling I thought I had a picture of this Here it is {D: That's your unobtainable} and that's a closeup picture {NS} Interviewer: Oh that's so pretty{NS} Aux: {D: Something it is when it's one man}{NS} Cause it blooms in them April{NS} About the starts about the Tenth to the fifteen Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: {D: Hold this for you} {D: Hang on} Interviewer: You just Burn the 894: Burn the thorns off The the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: What do ya call them stickers Or #1 whatever you wanna call them # Aux: #2 Yes mm-hmm # 894: #1 And uh # Aux: #2 {D:Oh and my guess is the} # 894: There is one of the uh {NS} There's one of the machines you see on my back there Interviewer: Hmm 894: And uh has a little Three gallon tank filled up with propane Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Whenever that's emptied up or we go back and refill it and start over again and it takes about {NW} three gallons will feed about ten cattle Interviewer: How many cattle This is your ranch here that you live on? 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: How many cattle can you have? How many acres does it take to support one cow? 894: In this country we uh used to figure we could uh it took {NS} twenty acres #1 but today # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: we've got it cut down to fifteen and some people have it as low as seven {NW} On account of the uh{NS} {NW} On account of the grasses planted #1 This pasture here # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: now you see that has been rootplowed what we call rootplowed {NW} #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: run a They run a big D eight Caterpillar tractor Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Under the ground up with a with a blade on the back of it And it cuts it all of that goes under the ground You're not plowing it and All of the Top vegetation is lifted out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh that uh way it uh clings it out #1 and gives # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: more room for grass and it doesn't the grass doesn't have to compete with the vege- the the forage of the mesquite {NS} #1 and things # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And Interviewer: This These little shrub likes That's that's mesquite there? 894: Some of it is mesquite And some is we had a Mesquite and then we have a Blackbrush {NW} We have Wahoo Blackbrush. Cattle {D: brows} on that and then #1 we have the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: black uh Wahoo big {D: brows} on that Interviewer: What's a Wahoo? 894: Wahoo it's a plant something Well there's none of it here but it's uh Just a long Leaf plant Has a long leaf and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Big one and uh They uh Hunt it out and it's high in protein Very high #1 in protein # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # 894: And uh Here's one of my beefmaster cattle {NW} He's some sour bull And uh Interviewer: How how much does he weigh? 894: He will weigh about Uh close to a ton Two thousand pounds pretty mighty close To two thousand pounds Interviewer: What kind is he? He's 894: #1 He's a crossbred # Interviewer: #2 Not angus # 894: Beefmaster he's crossbred cattle {NW} In this country they have gone so much to crossbreeding Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: On account of uh{NS} high breed {D: big year} {NW} We uh {NS} That Beefmaster bull is supposed to be a cross {NW} Between uh {NW} Between Say a Hereford Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And a And Brahma they have to have a little {NS} Brahma in them for this country on account of the The ability to walk Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And Interviewer: Withstand heat? Or 894: Withstand heat they uh Claim that the Brahma you know sweats through the skin that's the only Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Cattle maybe you've been told #1 already # Interviewer: #2 Mm-mm # 894: And uh they sweat through the skin while they have these other cattle Like the Hereford cattle there {NW} #1 Why she # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: will Sweat for Through the nose {X} {NS} Interviewer: Why do you call it beefmaster? 894: Beefmaster it was a patented name that they have gotten for that cattle these cattle were {NW} Originated down here in Falfurrias Texas Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Mister Lassiter now that he's in Colorado {NW} But they are being raised on account of the uh tonnage. They get so #1 much more tonnage # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: out of one of these Interviewer: He is big 894: Hmm? Interviewer: He is big 894: Mm-hmm And the calves why they {NS} There's a picture of them {NS} by a Hereford cow and you can see how much taller he is than {NS} #1 Hereford # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # Are Brahmas mean? 894: {NW} Brahmas If uh {NS} They're a very nervous type of cattle and #1 they are # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} Mean if you cross them {NW} But you can Aux: {D: Just take them} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: You can uh take the Brahma cattle And uh {NS} Breed a whole lot of that meanness out of them as long as you don't Get them crossed up Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Here's three magazines maybe you would like to take with you Thanks These are now old ones but Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: They're Ranch magazines are never 894: Kind of Aux: old I mean if you have #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # Aux: There's a Brahma there you know #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: And this is the The {D: Santa good tradition} #1 you know that much # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # Aux: Originated on a King ranch Interviewer: Was it? Aux: Mm-hmm They they that's a Only American breed Interviewer: Hmm Yes I'd like to Aux: Yes you may have a uh-huh 894: The beefmaster is #1 an American breed too # Aux: #2 {X} # 894: #1 and here's a # Aux: #2 {X} # 894: #1 Picture # Aux: #2 I guess the # 894: #1 Of uh the way # Aux: #2 First American {D: great pen} # 894: The cowboys Would bring the cattle into the #1 Markets # Aux: #2 {D: Markets} # Interviewer: Did do they still have cowboys now like they used to? 894: Not so much #1 Not so much # Aux: #2 That's a # 894: because You can't find anybody to work anymore {X} Aux: Inviting those to the to the {NS} pens to ship out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: These cattle here or has the picture taken along #1 they're dry # Aux: #2 their skin # 894: #1 the cattle # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: going in{NS} And here's the old pen before they were torn down you see the man in there sorting the cattle the horseback #1 Trying # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: to get this In there Aux: {X}{NS} 894: And here's another one that they I think they're loading cattle there {NS} into the {NS} Pen into the {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Railroad cars 894: Railroad cars {NS} The this is {NW} Nothing maybe it's pertaining {NS} there's my wife's sister feeding a a cow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: #1 Some cattle # Aux: #2 All of our cattle # 894: and some cubes cattle cubes #1 We we # Aux: #2 {X} # 894: take our cattle and feed them cattle cubes Right along because it uh {NW} It {D: Channels} them #1 and whenever # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: we go out in the pasture They will come to us instead of us having to go and hunt #1 them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And bring them up Interviewer: What's a cattle cube? 894: Cattle cube is a protein feed that's been concentrated Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Interviewer: This Just a 894: Just a little cube maybe {NS} about like my thumb {NS} there #1 About # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Three quarters To {NS} An inch{NS} {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm{NS} {NS} 894: Square{NS} {NS} In{NS} {NS} Different lengths Aux: Fits just like a {X} 894: We use the #1 three quarters # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: for creep feeding And also half inch half inch {NW}{NS} is more or less like a{NS} p- looks like a little old pellet You know{NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm{NS} You use the three quarters for {NS} 894: Creep feeding That's creep cattle we call it creep{NS} but the cattle creep into a feeder there You take it they have uh {NS} They have uh A Pen {NS} And uh {NW} It's all closed in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And we leave openings for these Calves to go in during #1 feed and keep # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: the cattle out so we can {NW} See that our cattle I mean our calves get the creep feed #1 And our # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: cows we feed them separately on #1 our # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 894: Own And uh {NS} Interviewer: Tell me some about your family Um Were they Born here or 894: {NW} My father Came to this country I'll say country because not to Encinal Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: But uh he came here and {NS} And uh Seventy eight eighteen seventy eight Interviewer: How old was he? 894: Eighteen years old he came here horseback Interviewer: {NW} Where did he come from?{NS} 894: He came from{NS} Ar- Around Gonzalez Texas Interviewer: Is that where he was born? Gonzales 894: I think so I'm not sure but Interviewer: Uh-huh What about your mother? Where was she born? 894: She was born the same place Interviewer: Gonzales 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: She came with him then into the South 894: No {NS} they they came separate my father came horseback here #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: He went to work for an uncle of mine that had a big ranch here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: That time they were in the sheep business{NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: And they had lots of sheep and cattle{NS} And uh{NS} {NS} Aux: Very large it's a cattle{NS} This is for the babies Interviewer: Oh I see Just a few more dishes{NS} {NW}{NS} Aux: Some of them are roped up{NS} Here's another one Hold these Here's some It tells you about some of these animals I mean you know how they were There's one that cross that Hoffman with the European cattle you know Those funny names that they love {NS} #1 I don't think I've # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Aux: got any #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Huh # Um Your how old was your mother when she came here? 894: I really don't know but uh They first ca- went to Cotulla Cotulla's the county seat of #1 La Salle County # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And uh she married in Cotulla And And S- Seventy four Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Eighteen seventy four Interviewer: Hmm 894: And uh {NS} Interviewer: What was her maiden name? 894: {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Have {NS} Have you been very active in Um Clubs or church or anything like that 894: Do what Interviewer: Have you been very active in clubs or 894: No no Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: We have no clubs and nothing here of course we have our little church But I'm not #1 really # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: active in it Interviewer: What about traveling? 894: Traveling {NW} Well I love to travel {NW} Interviewer: Where have you been? 894: I have been to My wife has a brother in Portland Oregon and we go out there quite often Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh we go But Most of the Western states #1 is where we do # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: most of our traveling We have been to Yellowstone and And uh {NS} That airport there what is it uh Yellowstone and we've been to Grand Canyon #1 and we've been # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: All out in the Western And to uh And Portland Interviewer: Mm-hmm Just visiting just for few weeks or 894: Yeah and uh Interviewer: {D: Which} Let's see You grew up in Encinal 894: Yes I left Encinal when I was eighteen years old Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Where did you go? 894: I went to Fort Worth Texas {NS} And I Fort Worth I went to a business college there Interviewer: Oh you did 894: Yes Interviewer: What was the name of the business college 894: Draw {B} {X} {B} And uh Interviewer: How long did you go there 894: I went there possibly I don't know six {NS} maybe maybe five six months I don't know{NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: And I Got me up a a job Call it a job because it wasn't a position Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh{NS} Working as a Typist Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh I worked In a whole sale drug house #1 In Fort Worth # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 894: And from there I went to {NS} Amarillo Texas Interviewer: How long were you in Fort Worth in all? Uh About two years in Fort Worth Mm-hmm 894: #1 I all I also # Interviewer: #2 Then you went # 894: worked at other places besides that{NS} {NW} I worked at a whole sale drug house and I worked in a In a whole sale lumber yard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh And then from there I went to Amarillo My brother was manager Of the Ber- {B} And I went to Amarillo to work with with he with he Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And {NW} From So I worked there and went into the office I went in as a shipping clerk Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And as shipping clerk I later became a became office manager Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And from office manager I went on the road and stayed on the road a while And uh Interviewer: What do you mean you went on the road 894: Road is traveling salesman Interviewer: Uh-huh Were were you gone where did you get to go 894: Oh I went out mostly in New Mexico #1 And {D: middle of Texas} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Boise I went up into Boise boy City out #1 Oklahoma # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: And went out to uh {NW} Roswell New Mexico and uh Went over to Carlesbad #1 New Mexico # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Carlesbad Cavern I've Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Been there and uh Interviewer: Just for a few weeks at a time and then you'd go back to Amarillo 894: Yes mm-hmm Interviewer: Mm-hmm Amarillo was headquarters and going back How long did you stay in Amarillo in all 894: Amarillo I stayed about eight years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh {NS} I worked for {D: Burrows} {NS} We sold a A machine to International Harvester Company Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And at that time they called it a moon Hopkins machine And I installed it And Instead of going back to {D: Burrows} I stayed with International Harvester for about two years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} And I resigned from International Harvester Planning on going back to {D: Burrows} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Going to Little Rock Arkansas but I {NS} Went to work then for a corporation there City drug stores of Amarillo Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: We had six drug stores and I went to work for them {NW} And uh That's where I met my wife And uh So We uh We had these drug stores and I became {NW} Blind And couldn't #1 see I had # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # 894: too much strain on my eyes I {NW} #1 unfortunately # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: just have one eye Interviewer: Oh 894: And uh Using it for bookkeeping work was #1 Quite a strain # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Under artificial lights all day So after that why we came back to Encinal And I went to work on a ranch here Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um When did you move out to Uh Now you're living in in Webb County When did you 894: Move out here Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Uh I moved out here about a year ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} We uh Went and bought this little this trailer house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And moved it out here and then came out here #1 to live in it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # You were living in the city limits of Encinal 894: Yes Interviewer: {X} Um What about um You tell me about your parents Do you know about their education How far they got in school or 894: No I'm sure they didn't go very far But I don't know how #1 far because # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: uh {NW} At those times the facilities of schooling #1 wasn't like they are today # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Could could your parents read and write 894: #1 Oh yes they could # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 894: read and write and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Everything my Interviewer: What's Excuse me 894: My father he uh Very good at figures #1 course not no # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: nothing extra but uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: He worked as a contractor at one time {NW} Building Dirt tanks with mules and dried scrapers Interviewer: Hmm 894: And uh {NW} He would get through building one of his tanks why he would Take a #1 lot # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: a level Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And he would uh get the height and all the dimensions of the dam and Figure it out how many yards it was and collect for it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {X} Interviewer: Did he Ever do any other kind of work besides contracting 894: Well uh ranching Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: This was his ranch at one time He bought this ranch in nineteen twelve And uh he bought another ranch out there {NS} and uh{NS} He and my brother {NS} and my brother he uh {NS} Took over that when my father came over here {NS} #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} He uh He died moderately young {NS} Course no I wouldn't say moderately young he died at seventy two #1 Because he had his # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: three score and ten years Interviewer: {NW} 894: But uh {NS} So he uh{NS} {NS} Died about the de- just before the depression Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh He was a hard working man and he was a {NS} He was a man that uh Understood the World and he was a worldly man Interviewer: Mm-hmm And uh{NS} He was at one time a deputy sheriff Mm-hmm 894: And uh Dimmit County Interviewer: Where's Dimmit County? 894: Dimmit County is Carrizo Springs Texas That's where I joined this county and the ranches you see #1 It was on the ranch # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: up there where {NW} And their ranch came all the way into here #1 you see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: {NS} This Interviewer: And people used to have {NS} Ranches a whole lot bigger than they have now 894: Oh yes the ranches were much larger Interviewer: What what would be a average size for back then 894: Oh I wouldn't know but Mister Coleman you take it uh from {D: Lorena to Tatarina} My guess is uh Three hundred miles {NW} And they could say you could get on his land and never get off and go to {D: Catarina} Interviewer: Three hundred miles 894: And uh Interviewer: {X} 894: It's almost unbelievable but uh He had uh course he didn't own all that #1 land but he would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: maybe skip and maybe Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: Catch another place Interviewer: His his family doesn't isn't 894: His family uh he has a daughter eleven and In {D: Atleet} Texas that's #1 about seven miles # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: from Encinal Interviewer: Does do they still own land 894: They still own land but nothing like they did he went broke Interviewer: Mm 894: And uh After he went broke why within six months he was dead Interviewer: Mm 894: And uh He uh Had lots of cattle Lots of horses and lots of mules {NS} Everything hogs And he developed uh some kind of {NS} {NS} Some kind of an irrigation project {NS} over at uh At uh they call it {D: Cometa} #1 {D: Cometa} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: that was his brand in this town #1 He named it after his # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: brand And so {NS} He spent a lot of money on that and then the price of cattle you know break in why #1 It uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Broke in Interviewer: When the depression came 894: No no that's way before the depression It uh must have been about nineteen Aux: Twenty three 894: Nineteen twenty three was that when he #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Nineteen twenty three Interviewer: Hmm What about your mother did she ever work 894: No She worked plenty alright but she had uh She had nine children Interviewer: {NW} Um {NS} What about your grandparents on your mother's side Where were they from {NS} 894: They were from Fayette County I think Interviewer: Fayette That's 894: F-A-Y-E double T E Fayette{NS} {NS} Interviewer: That's where Gonzales is 894: That's right it's a joining county right there close to it Interviewer: Uh huh 894: And uh Interviewer: You think they both were born there in Fayette County 894: Well they were they were neighbors I know #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Possibly so my Grandfather Car he was also over there and {NS} Interviewer: Your your grandfather Car was from Fayette County? 894: Yes Interviewer: What about your grandmother 894: Well she was from over there too {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh{NS} {NS} 894: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 894: #1 She was in McCoy # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Oh she was 894: What Interviewer: She was in McCoy 894: McCoy {NS} And uh {NS} She was {NS} One of the old rough and tumbling McCoys of the old days Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And uh Interviewer: When did when did the McCoys come down to Texas {NS} 894: Oh I don't know I don't know Interviewer: They came down from Kentucky was it or 894: I really don't know #1 I really don't know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: but uh My grandfather Car I know he uh He went with uh General Scott when he went into Mexico Interviewer: Hmm {NS} 894: And uh {NS} He uh {NS} They went over there {NS} and when they went over there They had trouble finding their ways and they came back to Texas Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And they got some of these young Texas men To go over there and scout for them #1 And show them the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: way and he happened to be one of them {NW} And uh I have a Letter that he wrote Saying that uh He was one of the first to be issued One of the old {D: coal} pistols At that time {NW} He uh They tested it out on #1 that trip in # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: And uh {NW} He came back And after he came back why he met {NW} His Hester Hester McCoy And that's who uh he married And uh Those people there and before they uh Before why I think that they were kind of chased out of over there What the uh he was in Texas before the Texas was a state #1 His people were # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And uh They were run out of there by {D: Santa Anna} and his men #1 Or some of those and uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: I don't know whatever I don't know too much of that but uh Interviewer: Your your grandfather's people were from Grandfather Car his people were in Texas 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {NS} Do you know if they were born in Texas or 894: I imagine he wasn't born in Texas I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Because you know the uh That time they were just beginning to s- #1 Might say settle # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Texas {NW} My father if he was was born in sixty Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: So my grandfather Car he wasn't the oldest child Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Naturally why he would be And the Mexican Revolution when was that in I don't know{NS} But uh Someplace in #1 there right along # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: in that time Independent Texas #1 independence # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} What um Sort of work did your your grandfather Car and his wife do 894: {NW} He was uh more or less a trader he bought and sold cattle and uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: He didn't do too much of it I don't know what he did but uh From here he went to El Paso Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: In this country my father followed him out there and he Had My father was in the sheep business Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh He uh Took his sheep and went out there {NS} And uh {NS} Free range is talking about free range and free range and he wanted to {NS} His father told him that it was Golden opportunity so my father took his sheep that he had accumulated {NW} And uh went out there And in going in into there there's a little more Texas history here He ran into old John Bean Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Jean Bean he wanted to charge him so much{NS} For each sheep that he crossed he had a crossing Interviewer: {NW} 894: On the Pecos River Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And of course my father he didn't have any money{NS} Come out to anything at least And uh he couldn't pay it and So he went over there With John Bean and he got uh Drinking a little bit with him Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} And uh So he uh {NS} So he Told the boys one day after he'd been there for some little while Says you go over And start crossing those sheep says I'm going over and And uh Get old man Bean drunk #1 So they went over there # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: and they got Drinking and he got his sheep across and took them on across And went across without paying any fees {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: And It has been said that he was one of the few men that had outsmarted old #1 John Bean # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: Course you've heard of John Bean old west of the Pecos And uh It was the Pecos River #1 that he had the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: took the sheep over So he went on out to El Paso on with his sheep And uh When he When he got out there why Things were not as they were Looked to be #1 so he went # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Broke Interviewer: {NW} 894: All of his sheep died they got some kind of a disease #1 in amongst them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 and they died # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 894: He came back to Texas To Encinal this country Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And went to work on a big ranch as a cow boss Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And from there why mister Buckley And uh From there why he uh Started accumulating and Got these Equipment Ready and went to make building these tanks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And he took up Lived out this {D: schooling} Texas {D: schooling} You know he took up four sections out here on Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: {D: Callehand} ranch and lived it out and uh {NS} He uh {NS} After he got it all lived out and everything Why he sold it and got a little money and bought these two places here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} Interviewer: What do you mean after he got it lived{NS} 894: Well after at that You had to live on your land for Two or three years and make a certain Amount of improvements #1 on it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: In order to be {NS} Eligible Interviewer: The homesteading 894: #1 Homesteading # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 894: that's what it was #1 Homesteading # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And uh He Cleared Cleared out a little land out there and #1 Farmed it and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: things like that which was one of the requirements #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: He uh Afterwards why he Caterpillars and things that came in and they can build One of these tanks in one day that #1 would take him # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: thirty days to build With mules And teams Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh That away why He went Looking for other kinds of work and Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} What um What sort of education did your Grandfather Car and his wife has Have 894: I don't know I suppose they just possibly had uh May I would say a Grammar school education or maybe high school #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about um Your mother's parents they were from Fayette County 894: That's where they came here from Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: They were They were people That uh The greetings whose uh I understand it were {NS} Some of the people that was imported The men that was im- {NS} Ported here To uh To marry some of these Tex- some of the Girls #1 over here # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: because that exposure must have been {NS} {D:a circus} #1 And he uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 So they came down here then # 894: #2 And they # They He came to the United States now where he {NS} and he didn't I don't think to this country no I think he came to Alabama or some place {NS} Over in there I don't really don't know where but uh Interviewer: He came from Alabama 894: {NS} He came from England to #1 Alabama # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: And uh they were English Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And uh So I really don't know the Interviewer: Mm-hmm What um You think they were born in Fayette County or that's where they {NS} 894: I don't think so Interviewer: Uh-huh{NS} {NS} 894: I think that my {NS} I think that they came here from Alabama Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Your grandmother too 894: Yes Interviewer: What about their education Would you guess they 894: Uh Possibly grammar school because In those days they didn't have the #1 facilities # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: of education we have today Interviewer: What sort of work did your mother's parents do {NS} 894: Well he was uh he died at a very young age Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: My Mother's father And the boys they carried on and I don't know what they did they Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: They tried to raise cattle and #1 sheep and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: hogs and things like that Interviewer: Just something to do with ranch 894: And the farming and ranching yes Interviewer: What was your Mother's Mother Maiden name Your grandmother's maiden name {NS} 894: O'Bar yeah Interviewer: O 894: O B-A Capital B-A-R-O apostrophe I guess B-A-R O'Bar Interviewer: Uh-huh Where what country is that 894: O'Bar they uh They're an an Irish name Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: They came I suppose originally from Ireland Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Do you know where your {NS} The Cars originally came from {NS} 894: They're supposed to have Been from Ireland too I think Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the McCoys? 894: McCoys {NS} I guess the same #1 thing I guess # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: #1 Ireland # Interviewer: #2 Ireland # 894: The breedings they were English #1 And I think the other # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: part were all Irish Interviewer: What about your wife how old is she 894: How old are you honey Aux: {D: in two weeks} seventy-four 894: Seventy-four Interviewer: And 894: {X} Interviewer: Huh 894: She's not she's seventy-three Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} Is she Methodist too 894: No she belongs to first Christian church Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} What about her education {NS} 894: Well she has a I suppose a grammar school education she Interviewer: Eighth grade or 894: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {D: Shelia} Her mother died when she was a little girl she had {NS} Help with family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Things like that Is she very active in church or clubs or No Interviewer: #1 Things like that # 894: #2 No we're not # Interviewer: #1 # 894: #2 # Interviewer: Where was she born 894: She was born in Missouri where abouts in Missouri honey Aux: Born in Christian County 894: Christian County #1 Missouri # Aux: #2 {X} # 894: #1 # Aux: #2 # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} They had a a flower mill a water #1 You know on the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Aux: On the James River in Missouri Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: And that's uh about seventeen miles out of Springfield Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: Springfield Missouri uh-huh And that My father and mother both died Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Real young my mom was real young Interviewer: #1 Whe- # Aux: #2 {X} # Not much about them because we left there when I was about eight years old Interviewer: Mm-hmm Where where was um Your parent where were your parents from #1 Missouri # Aux: #2 M- my # Uh-huh my father was was born here uh {X} {NS} Saint Jones of Missouri a little town in Maysville And my mother was born I never did know the town where she was born but but she always said uh {NS} Oh Illinois Now I can't remember #1 the county now # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: in Illinois she always called it the county and {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Um # Aux: #2 And that's # And my papa {X} we were Scotch Irish and Dutch Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Now we're now we're at my grandfather on my father's side came to {NS} To Missouri {X} A boy nineteen years old from Ireland Interviewer: Hmm Aux: And the and the grandmother On his mother Was from Holland And they settled in Pennsylvania Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: When the And that's Why my parents both dying why you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: You don't keep up with them so well When they're living that's why they live to be a hundred and {NS} Hundred and one years old Interviewer: A hundred and one Aux: Why yes 894: #1 A hundred one # Aux: #2 Uh-huh # 894: years eight months and {NS} {NS} About twenty days Aux: I think yeah and that you know #1 You get # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Aux: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Aux: He doesn't remember much about He just loves to play with marbles {NW} {D: And play out the horseshoes} Ride his horse he He doesn't remember much about What they did whenever they were when he was a youngster Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um {NS} You don't speak Spanish do you 894: Uh yes I do Interviewer: You Did you grow up speaking Spanish 894: Yes I did {NS} People asked me how I learned Spanish and I ask them how they learned English I learned Spanish the same way they learned English but Aux: #1 Well he had a Spanish maid # 894: #2 Out with the Spanish people # Aux: #1 # 894: #2 # Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: That his mother kept all the time 894: {X} Interviewer: Did uh what about your parents did they speak 894: My father spoke Spanish my mother she could understand and had what we called kitchen Spanish She knew things that #1 would come up # Aux: #2 {X} # 894: in the household Aux: Housemaid {X} {NS} Interviewer: What um was how fluent was your father in Spanish was did he grow up speaking it 894: {NW} #1 I don't know but I imagine so # Aux: #2 I imagine he did # 894: because he could speak it he was very fluent in Aux: He lived here #1 He came here # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: At Encinal before the railroads and everything In nineteen and eighty four Interviewer: Mm-hmm{NS} {NS} Eighteen eighty four Aux: Uh yeah eighteen I was way ahead {NW} Interviewer: Um Aux: {NW} Interviewer: You You had a a Spanish maid When you were 894: Yes we always had a maid in In the kitchen She Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: She washed the dishes and sweeped the house and maked the beds and things like that Interviewer: Did you have a maid to take care of you when you were little 894: No no we Interviewer: #1 Didn't have the # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 the nana # 894: #2 We # Aux: What 894: What Interviewer: What's it called the the nana You didn't have Aux: Not like a nanny you mean in English Then No Well they had someone all the time in the house His mother wanted to go somewhere well they spent Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: What do you call it Interviewer: This nana or something like that the the maid that takes care of the children 894: Oh #1 Know # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm that # 894: What it is Aux: I don't know #1 Either # 894: #2 You got to # Interviewer: {NW} But {X} Tell me about the the Spanish here did Did most people here grow up speaking both Spanish and English 894: Yes mo- we boys here in Encinal all Almost always spoke Spanish #1 Between ourselves # Aux: #2 But lots of girls # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh I don't know why but I think we found it a little bit easier to #1 To # Aux: #2 We didn't have any more # Their playmates mostly were Spanish 894: #1 And uh # Aux: #2 You know # 894: #1 to carry on a conversation # Aux: #2 {X} # 894: in Spanish #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And of course they Everybody talked Spanish Aux: Not everybody 894: Well the the All of the boys that I{NS} Aux: #1 Yeah uh-huh # 894: #2 And uh # Aux: But lots of girls I know didn't speak Spanish 894: No no well some of them didn't speak it #1 As good as others # Aux: #2 Yeah you know well # 894: {NW} But uh We uh We learned Spanish and we Talked it and we s- I studied it some in school #1 And I've been # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: studying it ever since because I Our {D: Loredo} paper has a Spanish section in it and I try to read it just for Trying to {NS} Keep up with it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Thing And uh We would play marbles with the Mexican boys we played baseball with them We'd fight with them and #1 Everything like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: That you know just like kids do in any {NW} Whether they're red white or blue it's {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: We That's the way we were there was no uh discrimination #1 In that way # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: between us Aux: But you didn't go to the {NS} same school oh #1 They had a Spanish # 894: #2 They had separate schools # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NW} What um percentage would you say of Um Population in Encinal was Was actually uh First generation Mexican Or Aux: Do you mean by Mexicans from Mexico Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: Oh I don't know Interviewer: Or people who 894: Most of the people the Spanish people there the Mexicans as we called them The Latins {NS} #1 Why they uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: They were Reared on this side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: They were Part that we I guess inherited in the {NS} When we uh took made Texas Um An independent Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Republic and then They lived here and made families and they stayed here #1 And that's where they're # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: from They never did learn any English To amount to anything up until now they're beginning to learn a little Some of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: #1 Don't care # Aux: #2 No # 894: about going to school and they not learning Interviewer: So when when you were young If someone wanted to come here to work In a store or something like that Chances are they'd have to be speaking Spanish 894: Yes Most of the time Just like {D: Loredo} might say now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {D: Loredo} you when you have to speak Spanish in order to work there Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did um {X} {D: Loredo's} about Thirty Thirty miles from here or 894: Thirty-eight miles from Encinal Yeah not{NS} Forty miles Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: But then And when he was boy with dirt roads Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: It took a Day and a half maybe to go there by A Wagon you know or buggie 894: We went We went with trains #1 Whenever we went # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Did you go very often 894: Not very often Interviewer: Which was the bigger town Encinal or {D: Loredo} Aux: {NW} {D: Loredo's} like a 894: Encinal Encinal has never been nothing but a cow town Interviewer: Uh-huh It's just been a Headquarter for these ranches 894: #1 All of their # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: cowboys and things had their family there in Encinal Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And {D: Loredo} was Was quite a Different {D: Loredo} back there in those days I guess Had ten or twelve thousand where Encinal maybe had a thousand Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Maybe more than that I don't know what {D: Loredo} had but Aux: I don't remember #1 When we came here # 894: #2 We uh # Aux: I believe {D: Loredo's} About twenty-five thousand forty-five years ago 894: #1 We uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 894: We'd go to {D: Loredo} when I was a boy and Our bicycles were a nickel an hour And ride it and maybe ride across the river #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And the little Mexican boys Maybe I shouldn't tell this but They would curse us you know #1 about # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: being gringos and that So we uh Interviewer: About being what 894: Gringos #1 That's what they` # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Called Americans they used To And uh {NS} Aux: They still do 894: We'd make one out like we didn't know what they were saying course we understood it we could #1 Talk Spanish # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: As good our guess they could #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: But we they weren't looking for any trouble especially across that river Because you get in trouble over there you're really in trouble Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And We'd ride around on bicycles and come back Turn it in after our nickel was used up #1 Or something or # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: And uh We Streets wasn't paved in those days and #1 bicycle riding # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: was a little bit harder than it is now Interviewer: {NW} {NS} Um I'd like to get an idea of what the House that you grew up in looked like Could You sort of make a sketch of the floor plan and Tell me the just{NS} Where the rooms were{NS} 894: You wanna make it Sketch on Aux: Wait just a {NS} Before he was born it was one little room And a lean-to you know what a #1 lean-to is # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: don't you Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Like this porch is leaning to the desk you know And then His father I if I would have talked to hi- hi- his mother and father I was with him more and he #1 was after we came # 894: #2 {X} # Aux: #1 After we came here # 894: #2 {D: I'll make} # Aux: #1 I'll make this is what I'm making now # 894: #2 To this # Aux: This is one little room #1 And then as the the family got larger # 894: #2 {X} # Aux: Why they uh #1 Added rooms # 894: #2 Expanded # Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: Uh-huh {X} Mister Car said Always he added #1 a room # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Aux: every time he had a child born #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Well # 894: I said so I can't Aux: And that was three This was three rooms here We see all these four rooms I got that And big portraits you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Here's the kitchen Dining room Master bedroom A family 894: I guess I got that a little bit out of proportion there Aux: {X} 894: This isn't the room here And here's the This is all porch Aux: Bedroom Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: {X} {X} 894: And uh Interviewer: What did you call this room here Aux: Here 894: Well when that was put on there we called it the sitting room Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Well that's what your father said{NS} {X}{NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: They All straight along here and #1 then they had # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: {X} Oh I forgot that's the little hole between here Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: This way And then this it was a bath there Interviewer: Hmm Aux: And a big porch Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Did you get in the bath I forgot it 894: Yeah Aux: And there's a {NW} {NS} That the porch 894: No this is a bedroom Aux: Well that's not right Cause that There was a porch one out here off this little Hall and 894: Here's the porch Aux: Oh{NS} Oh Well I've got a better plan {NW} I forgot the bed This little room here I ain't ever did Makes it kind of a storage and #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: And then after Mister Car died why Misses Car Rented this part out #1 She made an apartment out # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: she put a little Indoor I mean a little cabinet #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: Water and everything and was very neat and nice and She rented it to schoolteachers people who #1 Came you know # Interviewer: #2 Huh # Aux: #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: {X} lived out of town And when we came here we lived there Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: When we came to this country {X} she called all the newlyweds way up there Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: He had a cousin that was marrying {X} uh Several schoolteachers And now a little family from Catulla they had branches out Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: On the fritter highway And they lived there Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} What What are these drawings now what 894: Kitchen K {NS} D R dining room B R bedroom Parlor I wrote that out This is a Interviewer: That's what you'd call the sitting room huh 894: #1 Yes # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 And lean-to I wrote on # Aux: #2 {X} # 894: #1 there but this is # Aux: #2 {NS} # 894: #1 a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: This is a bedroom Aux: But that part of his off the room the room off the dininga hall had a big fireplace in it #1 And Misses Car had her bed in there # 894: #2 Bedroom # Aux: #1 And that's where # 894: #2 Mister # Aux: when we'd all go visit that's where we all #1 Stayed # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: And sat in there and talked that's what I called it really #1 Family room in mine # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: But she had a bed in there 894: Bedroom and this is a hall here Interviewer: What's this thing 894: Yeah no it's a bed bath B Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh We take it to kitchen The dining room And bedroom And parlor And uh Aux: Pretty modern for the times #1 And location # 894: #2 You take it this # This room here My brother was born in here and if he were living he would be about what Aux: #1 Eighty-two # 894: #2 Eighty # Aux: #1 the first day of June # 894: #2 Eighty-two # Aux: he'd be eighty-two 894: He'd be eighty-two years old and he was born in this room here Interviewer: Hmm 894: That's how old that uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Old house the old house still in Encinal Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: I sold it {X} {NS} And uh Aux: He gave part of the {X}{NS} Great big {NS} {X}{NS} to the Baptist church {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: For them to be able to church Interviewer: What what would you call um This Parlor or sitting room what would you call it nowadays Aux: I'd call it a living room 894: I guess so a living room isn't that what you call #1 What do you call # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Aux: Yes where were we The people who bought it I mean Or rented it we rented it quite a while before #1 We sold it # 894: #2 They built all # Aux: #1 # 894: #2 # They built that on there when my One of my uh Sisters was Aux: Gonna get married 894: Getting married and entertaining her boyfriend over there Interviewer: {NW} 894: #1 Built # Aux: #2 And he # 894: #1 It on # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: But they you they made a bedroom out of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: In that place where the where the fireplace was set up they made that the living room Interviewer: Hmm Aux: And there's a range #1 very nice there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: {NS} That way Interviewer: You you had a fireplace in one of those rooms 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Um {NS} You know on the fireplace the thing that the smoke goes up through You call that the 894: Chimney Aux: Chimney yeah 894: We call it the chimney Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Flue I guess {NS} Aux: Chimney I guess it's Interviewer: What about the open place on the floor In in 894: The hearth Interviewer: Hmm 894: We called it the hearth Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} {NS} Interviewer: {X} 894: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # #1 Served in our # {NS}: #2 {NS} # Aux: Ranch house over #1 There # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Aux: And he'll Find something 894: We have it I yeah there's a man in Austin {NS} Named Breeding that uh has Made a uh rundown on Breeding {NS} Interviewer: Hmm Aux: Tree family 894: Family tree and uh he sent me a copy of it And I'm supposed to have one someplace safe to look. And I don't know whether I can find it or not but if I can't Aux: I think it's in that trunk Interviewer: Hmm 894: And uh My father he had his uh His family tree too and Aux: He has a cousin who has that Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: It's Misses Ralphs that lives in Encinal They're not in Loredo I mean not in Encinal today Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: They're in they're they went to Loredo I talked to her this morning Interviewer: Hmm Aux: And went to the dentist so Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: She's got a lot of information Just on the breeding site of course Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Was that the Her father was Bob's mother's Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: {NW} Brother {NS} Interviewer: Um You know on the fireplace the thing that you set the wood on Aux: Mm-hmm 894: We had uh Aux: Andirons 894: Andiron #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Andirons and we uh That's what was Aux: They burned the wood You know 894: #1 We burned # Interviewer: #2 That's that's # What you called them #1 Andirons # 894: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: Thank you Um {NS} What about the thing that that you said could set a clock on or #1 something # Aux: #2 On the mantle # 894: Mantle #1 We had the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: mantle over the fireplace and we had the clock up there #1 on it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Aux: #1 Then and then a mirror # Interviewer: #2 And uh # Uh-huh Aux: {D: There's a way} Interviewer: I need to get um #1 His # {NS}: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: His word first because Aux: {NW} I'm sorry {NW} I'm bag boy Meyer {NW} Interviewer: Oh that's that's okay but You know sometimes people have different words For things Aux: Oh yeah Interviewer: You know that's a Um Aux: We don't like those {NW} Interviewer: Um What about the taking Uh taking one of the start box what kind of wood would you use for starting it 894: {NW} We used {D: Cantolinian} chips Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh That's about all {D: Catoline} Interviewer: What is Catoline? Is that a 894: {D: Catolinia's} uh you take the uh The uh Lumber old lumber and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Split it up and Interviewer: It's just any old split lumber then 894: That's right Aux: Shavings too Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} 894: And uh {NW} Of course at times why we would use oil If we didn't have any #1 McKinley # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: coal oil we called it Interviewer: Coal oil 894: #1 Coals # Aux: #2 Kerosene # 894: C-O-A-L coal oil what #1 we called it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: But now and then they call it kerosene Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about um taking a big piece of wood and Setting that sort of toward the back of the fireplace in 894: Well I'd put it all back there so #1 it'd burn all night # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Did you ever hear it called a backlog #1 Or back sticks # 894: #2 Yes # Yes Put a back load of them there #1 none and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # {NS} And the Black stuff that forms in the chimney 894: Oh Some say soot and some say soot Well I don't know Interviewer: Which Which sounds more natural to you 894: Soot #1 We uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: We use soot there mostly which isn't right I know but Uh You take it uh we would Take a Sack Get up on the top with a rope #1 And run it down # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Through the Chimney and uh Knock the Soot out #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: That away for next year Interviewer: What about the the stuff that you shovel out of the fireplace 894: Ashes Interviewer: Uh-huh And {NS} How about things that you'd have in a room um The thing that I'm sitting in You'd call a 894: Chair Interviewer: And something that that you have in there Longer for maybe three or four people to sit on 894: Well that's a That's a couch or Davenport or #1 Something like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # What about sof- 894: What Interviewer: Any other name for that Did you ever hear sof- 894: Sofa yeah Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 What's the difference # 894: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: between a Davenport and a couch or sofa 894: I suppose the period of time I imagine would be the main difference but uh Sofa was the older Word and and uh And then the couch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Maybe it might be I don't know Interviewer: What about Davenport Do people use that now 894: I don't know I don't think so #1 I think it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Ancient history Interviewer: {NW} And Just a A general name for Um things that you have in your house Would be called your 894: Furniture Interviewer: Mm-hmm And A piece of furniture that um You can use to keep your In your bedroom to keep your clothes in 894: Well we had the closets Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that built in or is that 894: We had uh We had ours built in if we had any Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And some of the ones would move Any and we would Hang them behind the doors Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Where we had more than the clothes it would hold Interviewer: What about furniture The with drawers in it for keeping clothes in 894: Well we had uh Keeping clothes in #1 that was just a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: That's a Drawer we it's uh {NS} High boy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Something like that I don't know it's a #1 Dresser # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever # 894: #1 Dresser # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Dresser drawers and things like that Interviewer: Did you ever see something that um had two doors in it You could open it and it'd have a place for hanging {X} 894: Yeah Interviewer: What was that called 894: We called it a closet Interviewer: Uh-huh Well the piece of furniture though {NS} Did you ever hear of a chiffonier or #1 Chifforobe or a wardrobe # 894: #2 Oh yes yes # Yeah we But uh I don't I always #1 figured # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: That a chiffonier would have been one that was bought and ours was handmade Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Made out of lumber one to twelve Not very wide and you could uh Put stuff in there and have Glasses on the front of it uh mirrors Interviewer: Did it have drawers in it too 894: Had two drawers on the bottom Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And you put your shoes and things like that in it Interviewer: If it was homemade what would you call it A 894: I don't know {C: very quiet} {NS} {X} We called it the closet Interviewer: Uh-huh So to you a closet could be a piece of furniture or it could be a little room 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Built in Um Something on rollers that you could put in window Windows to pull down 894: Window shades Interviewer: Mm-kay {NS} And The Little room off the kitchen where you can store canned goods and Extra dishes and 894: We didn't have that {NW} Interviewer: What would you call it 894: {NW} Uh I guess the thing would be uh It's a pantry I imagine Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 894: #2 A pantry # Interviewer: {NS} What about say if you had a lot of old worthless things Like old broken furniture and everything What would you what would you call things like that that weren't any good 894: Junk Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} Interviewer: Where would you #1 store things that # 894: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that you didn't know what to do with 894: We had a We had a barn out in the back of the house and #1 we would take them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: out there and Put them in there Interviewer: Do you ever hear of using just one room for storing odds and ends in 894: That I don't know I Interviewer: #1 What do you call # 894: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That room 894: {NW} Junk room Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} And {NS} A woman would say if if her house was in a big mess she'd say I have to 894: I'll have to clean it up. #1 or something like that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And the thing that you'd sweep with 894: Broom. Interviewer: And Years ago on Monday women would get all the dirty clothes together and they'd go do the 894: Washing Wash day Interviewer: Uh-huh What about on Tuesday After they were washed They do the 894: They'd have to iron then and #1 Course # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: My mother never did do that but I know what you're looking for My mother had these Mexican people do that Interviewer: Uh-huh Did most people around here um Have Mexicans of who {NS} {X} 894: Not all of them #1 Not all of them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: Those who could afford them Interviewer: It was it was pretty common 894: Pretty, very common Interviewer: Uh-huh What You know that big back thing they can have out in the yard 894: Oh that old boiling pot that #1 moist pot # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Wash pot and then you come down to kill hogs, would use it to render the whole {X} Interviewer: {NW} 894: {NW} Interviewer: Um And Something you can have On to heat of water to make hot tea in Something with a spout to it would be it 894: That'd be a tea kettle Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you ever hear um is wash pot called a kettle 894: Yes Mm-hmm Either one of them #1 Could be those # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # It's the same thing 894: Yep Interviewer: Um The covering on the house Is called a 894: Roof Interviewer: And something along the edge of the roof to carry the water off 894: Gutters Interviewer: Alright how are they Uh attached are they built in or do they hang there 894: They are They were hung there They were nailed up there and uh Had uh Some kind of a tin #1 aura and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Wire Specially made for that to keep them up there Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 894: #2 I don't # We had gutters on our house and we had the uh We had the {NS} Cistern Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: With the water And we used the cistern for drinking because when We were here in Encinal we Interviewer: {NW} 894: We used to buy our water by the barrel ten cents a barrel And they had a man with a donkey #1 And a cart # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And he'd bring the water over And he would unload it in our barrel and #1 He'd go back and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Buy the water from the railroad the railroad at the well and Interviewer: Hmm 894: And uh Interviewer: There weren't there many {NS} Uh wells around here then? 894: No No I guess that was the Well they had other wells but they wasn't suitable for drinking they had uh Shallow wells that for horses and then is salt You take it our horses and the cattle #1 Why we'd water # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: That amount of these every well {NW} We used to I used to have to take my horses down to About three or four blocks and lead them down there and water them and then bring them back home #1 And put them up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Mm-hmm Hmm {NS} Interviewer: Um 894: {NW} Was just two wells uh three Three wells I guess in Encinal Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} You know If you have a house and an L There's a low place where the roofs join Do you know what that low place is called #1 Did you ever see # 894: #2 No I # Interviewer: #1 A house built like that # 894: #2 Oh # Yes I've seen a lot of them but I don't know what to call it is they u- they used to grow them together #1 Down there but I # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: don't know Interviewer: Do you ever hear valley or alley 894: Oh yes valley #1 You have with the valley tens and the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: corners where your two rooms come together and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Comes on down water Down that valley Interviewer: What about the little room At the top of the house just under the roof {NS} 894: That uh {NS} The little room that's top of our house was just a uh Well we didn't have anything in it anything it's just More or less a Dead space up Interviewer: Mm-hmm Wha- wha- wha- what would you call it Are you saying going up to the 894: Attic would that Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} And To get from the First floor to the second floor In this two-story house You have 894: The stairway Interviewer: Uh-huh What about to get from the porch to the ground 894: Have the steps Interviewer: #1 Step # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Down Interviewer: Do you remember um Having seen Different kinds of porches built or have different names for Different types of porches Like a porch off the second floor Or a big porch or something like that 894: {NW} I don't suppose anybody in Encinal had one of those when I was growing up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} But uh Right now I I don't know what they're called Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever hear a porch called a gallery 894: Oh yes We called ours a gallery out there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} Front of our house because it {NW} {X} {NS} Just out there that's all and uh Interviewer: No no roof to it no 894: It had a roof on it #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Come now and we had the posts and And uh {NS} Lumber Floor Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Interviewer: You had the The po- 894: Yeah that post to hold the roof up #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And uh Interviewer: What how's a gallery different from just a porch Or is it 894: {NW} I don't know but I would think maybe a porch might be more like this or something like that but #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Screened in or # 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} And {NS} You know some houses have {NS} Have boars on the outside that sort of lap over each other #1 Like this # 894: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: You call those 894: I call them uh s-sidings Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you ever hear of weather boarding Or Flat board {NS} 894: Yes I've heard of it Weatherboarding and Interviewer: Uh-huh But it's not a term you would use {NS} 894: {NW} Well I wouldn't know what it was #1 if I use it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: because {NS} I think I think Weatherboard though is just any old board hanging outside wouldn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} {NS} Um 894: The other is overlaps Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 894: #2 Shiplap # Interviewer: {NS} The the siding is is shiplap {X} {NS} 894: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Say if you wanted to hang up a picture you'd say {NS} You'd you'd take a nail and uh {NS} 894: Hammer it into the Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Hammer it into the wall Interviewer: With a You'd you'd use a 894: Use a nail Interviewer: And a 894: Hammer Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} And you'd say I took the hammer and I What the nail end 894: I'd take the hammer and I'd hit the nail #1 And drive it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: into the wall Interviewer: Mm-kay #1 So you'd say # 894: #2 And ham- # Interviewer: I took the hammer and I What the nail all the way in I 894: I go it all the way in #1 I # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay # {NW} {NW} And if it didn't get in far enough you'd say it's got to be What in further 894: Has to be driven A little farther Interviewer: Mm-kay And If the door was open and you didn't want it to be You'd ask somebody to 894: Close the door Interviewer: Or in other words you could use {NW} {NW} 894: Shut the door Interviewer: Uh-huh How does that sound to you Does that that sound like 894: Well it's uh It's uh {NS} Not the proper word to use I know of that Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Shut the door Close the door I don't know Interviewer: Not much different 894: Not much different Interviewer: Um {NS} Before they had Bathrooms inside What did they Call the toilets they had outside 894: They called them privies in the old days Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And uh {NW} And after we grew up {D: and red chick sailed why you know uh} Uh Privy and a little backhouse Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Heard some of them call it chicken coop Interviewer: Chicken coop 894: Yeah That that Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: That wasn't Aux: It was kids that didn't 894: kids Aux: Didn't know they were ever here Interviewer: Uh-huh Any um Joking names or sort of vulgar names people used to use 894: Yeah Take it S-H-I house or something like that Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 894: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That was that was kind of vulgar 894: Uh-huh Interviewer: Um And Little building you could have for storing wood {NS} 894: Call it the woodshed Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about tools where would they be kept 894: The tools should be in the tool house but of course we never had a tool house. And we kept them around in the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What what different buildings did you have You you had the barn now {NW} What else 894: We had a barn and we had a shed we would take the cow under when it'd rain and a milker or some- #1 thing like that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: #1 It'd just uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Do you separate from the barn 894: Separate from the barn that is uh We call the barn the closed in part and this other Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: The other you see a shed or Interviewer: The shed was was attached to the barn 894: Yes mm-hmm Interviewer: What did you keep in the barn 894: {NW} We kept our Saddles and our Harness for the horses and we kept the feed {NW} #1 We had a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Box in there we'd have brand stuff for the cow to eat and Oats for the horses and mules Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And hay whenever We had that and we had another barn we put hay in And later on that'd become the model T shed #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um The upper part of the barn where you can keep hay You call that the 894: Loft Interviewer: Uh-huh Say um A long time ago b- Well nowadays of course they bale hay But a long time ago {NW} It they'd cut the hay and they'd let it dry Then they'd break it into little piles and maybe take a pitchfork and Load the hay on a wagon What would they call those little piles that they'd have raked up Was there a special name for them {NS} 894: I suppose they'd call them ricks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Ricks of hay Interviewer: How what what does a rick look like Any special #1 Size # 894: #2 A rick # Well uh of course with us it would #1 be larger # Aux: #2 {X} # 894: #1 # Aux: #2 # 894: #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: it uh we uh take our hay and that loose hay and Stack it in ricks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Leave it for winter use or something like that {NS} Interviewer: How did you stack it 894: We would take pitchforks and men #1 And throw it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # On there loose and have a man on top of it to Tramp it down and {NW} {NW} and place it in place to where 894: #1 it wouldn't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: get wet when it rained Interviewer: Was did you have a pole in the center 894: Sometimes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Not all the time Interviewer: This um What's the difference between a A rick and a haystack Or is there any difference 894: Well a rick is uh we what I always thought of a rack as being loose hay and stack well we stacked our Our uh bundled hay we'd take it we'd take a corn binder And it tie this hay this hay and little bundles Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And we would go out and in the field and s- stand them on the ends. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: With a seat up and let them dry. And when it became dry enough we'd haul it into the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: To the stack Haystack. Interviewer: So the bundles Would Would make up a stack then That's what I wou- I 894: #1 Always # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Classified it Interviewer: Any other way of keeping hay outside Well we never used any other way in fact division says we never had too much hay {NW} 894: And uh We use a A s- Mexican alfalfa we call it this prickly pear that's our hay now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: But uh I know that uh Baled hay and things you Why we uh Stacked that outside but #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Stacks too Interviewer: When did people start using this prickly pear Did they Have to been used all your life or 894: Yes when I was a boy The old milk cow we used to go out Set uh Build a little fire And uh take this prickly pear and burn the stickers off #1 Take a wheelbarrow # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: Roll it into town And uh Feed it to our milk cow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Prickly pear has lots of water And of course water makes milk Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh so it was Very good and we would Supplement our cow with Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Prickly pear Interviewer: #1 You'd you'd # 894: #2 And # Interviewer: Roll it into town you said 894: O- on a wheelbarrow Interviewer: Uh-huh How far How far away is 894: Well maybe from uh Maybe about a thousand feet. Interviewer: Oh so you'd you just go out into the field and then 894: Out in the Pasture we'd call it #1 The pasture we # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: No fields {NS} Interviewer: A field is where you you Plant things or 894: Yes mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh-huh Um What about something smaller than a field that Maybe you'd plant just a little bit of sweet potatoes or Little bit of 894: Gard- A garden Interviewer: Uh-huh What about a patch 894: Patch Well that's what we've got here Interviewer: What what's a patch 894: Patch is a very small garden I guess like #1 That out there # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Just is a very small little patch Interviewer: What have you got planted out there 894: We have beets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh I don't know what you'd call those Italian squash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh {NW} Okra and carrots Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And Have some uh dill planted I don't know what that's for There's our patch of uh of uh asparagus Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} Interviewer: Hmm {NS} Um Now when you ha- cut the hay off A piece of land Um And enough grows back the same year so you can cut it again what would you call that 894: Second crop's what we always called it second crop of hay Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the um Grass that's left lying over in the field after you Do that The the dry dead grass Did you ever hear of Rowing or aftermath 894: Rowing we uh We called rowing Feed you know when you have a pick up bale or something we put in rows Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Pick it up and then go back with an automatic baler and pick it up {NW} But uh we never had that here in Encinal #1 Up till now # Interviewer: #2 # 894: Lately Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about um The A building that's used for storing grain What would that be 894: That would be a grainery Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: In my mind Interviewer: Do what does the grainery look like? 894: {NW} A grainery uh We have none in this country that nobody has any grain. If they do they Sell it {NW} Now Grainery would be just a building that was Reinforced inside to where it would hold the grain and and have a top on it where it wouldn't get wet Interviewer: What Um What areas of the country do they use graineries in 894: Well we had them in Oklahoma when I was up there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh In Panhandle when we were there in Amarillo they had some real Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Grain where you see those big uh Thousands of bushels you know wheat Interviewer: That they used for the um feed lots or 894: Well that isn't uh That is used for flour the #1 Wheat # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: But of course now then they have those same things they use them in feed lots Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh They have it to where they can On a scale why they can pull out whatever they want to make some feeds and things like that Interviewer: These lots must be Pretty large 894: This man that owns the {NW} {D: Callehand} ranch he owns a feed lot from California Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And {D: Hugh} has about fifteen thousand head Steers on feed and steers and #1 heifers are these # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: animals {NW} And uh He has a lot of his cattle uh Also he has little feed lots around here that he #1 feeds them on # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} Interviewer: How how big a feed lot do you need for fifteen thousand Head of steers 894: I don't know why I don't know Has to be pretty big though pretty large #1 because # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: {NW} you take it uh You take it You You've got to give them plenty of room if you you know Where it's summertime it's very hot #1 {D: blind} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: They have to have air and they have shades I don't know how much it'd be Interviewer: I'm picturing this as sort of a cramped temporary place but I guess they they #1 stay there for several months # 894: #2 No no # Yes they have to feed them uh They have to feed them for uh Usually a hundred and twenty days Interviewer: {NW} That's a long time 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Um where would you keep corn 894: Corn would be {NS} What little we had we'd put it in the barn Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Interviewer: Any special name for the Place the corn barn or crib or corn house 894: Well not not in this country there's no corn raised so Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: It uh I know crib is the word Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: To be used but it uh {NS} We have {NS} You know Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} 894: We had some we raised we have I have raised Corn I did I put it in the barn Took it out right through a hammer mill and ground it up Load it back in the barn #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} Interviewer: You'd Usually keep it up in the Wh- where in the barn would it go 894: On the ground before #1 We had no # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: We had no Double deck barns and #1 anything like that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # What do the double deck barns now what What do they look like 894: I don't know unless it'd be like one of those like your picture in all these pictures is where they have the upper upper floor for hay and stuff #1 like that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: goes up there On the sides the Beef or the #1 Cattle # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: or feed in the colder countries we don't #1 have in this country # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # What do they call the the upper part The 894: Loft Interviewer: Uh-huh Um {NS} Where would horses be kept 894: Our horses were always kept out on the open range Interviewer: Mm-hmm No shelter for them or 894: No shelter for them we're in a Warm country down {D: here} Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 894: And uh {NW} You take it the whole why people that have these fine race horses and things they had barns at one time Mister Coleman had a {NW} barn here and #1 he kept his uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Thoroughbred horses he'd put them on the track #1 and run them and things # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: like that Interviewer: They don't have horse racing in #1 In Texas # 894: #2 Texas no # No {NW} No horse racing it was voted down the other day {NW} Interviewer: What do you think of that you think they should or 894: I think that uh We need horse racing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: From a financial standpoint we don't need it from a I guess from a moral standpoint {NW} I don't know That's a big question Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um 894: I voted for it, I'll say that Interviewer: It it was defeated pretty soundly wasn't it 894: What? Interviewer: It was defeated pretty soundly wasn't it 894: No not too bad not too bad It was defeated but uh Not like it hadn't been here before so like they made a #1 {D: Better antidote} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: on it this time Interviewer: Hmm Um Where would you keep hogs 894: Hogs they keep them in the pens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Hog pens And uh You take it I worked on a ranch here that had hogs And they built special pens for their hogs And uh They Built Concrete Baths for them where they could go in there and keep cool for the summer And of course they age And they would take these Pigs young pigs when they were born #1 and take them out and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} Take them to the pastures Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And let them Stay over there until they got older and then try to get them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Catch them And uh lots of times they didn't get them but uh the #1 hogs # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: would feed on the pear apples we called them tunas that's the Spanish name for them Interviewer: Wha- what The pear apples 894: Pear apples yes Interviewer: From that prickly 894: Yeah #1 Prickly pear # Interviewer: #2 Pear # 894: They Nearly an- Nearly any animal will eat that #1 Eat the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Mexican {D: wets} That come over from Mexico #1 Yeah they eat the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Tunas and {NW} They eat the mesquite beans Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Whenever they have nothing else in some times Interviewer: There are no Um Thorns in the pear apple 894: Oh yes Yeah it has thorns but they can take a little piece of grass or something and {NW} Brush them off they're s- Easier to get rid of they're small very small Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Mentioned the pigs when When they were about half grown You you don't call them pigs you call them 894: Shoats is that Interviewer: Uh-huh Then If they're Um Male you call them 894: Boar Interviewer: Uh-huh What about females 894: Females is sow Interviewer: Mm-hmm What if she's never had pigs {NW} 894: I don't really know I I Still a sow I #1 guess uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} Do you ever The word boar did When you were growing up did it sound sort of bad to To say the word boar #1 Or did # 894: #2 No no # Interviewer: It sounded okay 894: {NW} Interviewer: Um And the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back 894: A bristle Interviewer: Uh-huh What about the big teeth that they have 894: Tushes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Javelins {C: Spanish pronunciation} We got the javelins {C: Spanish pronunciation} out here the wild hogs Interviewer: You call those jav- 894: Javelins {C: Spanish pronunciation} Interviewer: Uh-huh That's a 894: They call them peccary here {NS} J-A-V-E-L-I-N Interviewer: What's that? 894: J-A-V-E-L-I-N A javelina {C: Spanish pronunciation} that'd be that'd be feminine Interviewer: Uh-huh That's a wild hog 894: That's a wild hog that's They're called uh They're called uh {NW} Peccary English P-E-C-C-A-R-I peccary See them in the Interviewer: That's just a that's another name for wild hog 894: That is they claim that they're not a species as a whole #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: But I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of one called Piney Woods rooter 894: Oh we have those Arkansas razorbacks Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: But they are {NW} {NS} But we don't have {X} in this country Wouldn't amount to anything whenever he gets to be real poor and everything he isn't working so reasonably Interviewer: {NW} #1 {NW} # 894: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um The things you put the food in for the hogs Those are called the 894: We call them the troughs {X} Slop troughs and it used to be #1 Where we'd put in this # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: slop from the from the house Interviewer: What would you carry it out in 894: We carried it out in a bucket a five gallon bucket or something like that Interviewer: You call that the {NS} The slop 894: Slop bucket yes Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} Um {NS} Say if you Um If you had chickens Where would you keep them 894: Keep them in the chicken house Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any other {NS} Special place for #1 the # 894: #2 Oh oh the # Interviewer: mother hen and the 894: No Course not on the ranch but uh they have those here I don't know what they call them in these #1 Nursery things # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: But Far as I'm concerned the uh chickens are just in the chicken house #1 Course they had the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Brooder house and all #1 Of that stuff that's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: What you maybe are looking for Interviewer: What about the Coop That you mentioned 894: Oh a chicken coop that's when the baby chickens yeah Interviewer: Mm-hmm Had the baby Chickens and they uh Set the old mother Hen in there with the baby Mm-hmm 894: Keep her the chickens got a little larger Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Say if you wanted to make a hen start laying what could you put in her nest to fool her 894: {NW} What we always use is maybe a One of these glass eggs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Or chalk eggs mostly glass we'd Put a glass egg in there and the old snake would get the glass egg and kill him he couldn't #1 Digest it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} Say you had a good set of dishes That would be made out of 894: China Interviewer: Uh-huh What about an egg made out of that 894: Well that's the same thing Interviewer: The glass egg #1 Or a # 894: #2 Mm-hmm # Glass egg or china you can pick one Interviewer: Uh-huh Um A hen on a nest of eggs You'd call her a 894: S- a setting hen Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you ever hear her called anything else 894: A sitting hen or Interviewer: What about brood Brooding hen Did you ever hear that 894: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um Now {NS} When you're Eating chicken there's a bone that goes like this 894: {D: Fillet} bone that's my wife's piece Interviewer: Uh-huh Any Stories about that about Taking it and 894: Oh yes it has a superstition you take it and you uh {NW} You Like you a young lady why you would separate take it With another girl and pull it and the one who got the short one why she was gonna get her man first or something like that Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {X} Interviewer: Boys would do that Looking to see who would get the 894: Yeah Interviewer: Get married first Um {NS} Did you have a A large barn and Um had a lot of milk cows and you Sold the milk and So what do you call that place a 894: {NW} Dairy Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} Did you ever hear the word dairy used to mean anything else besides a commercial farm like that 894: Only this here ice cream I'd bet {NW} Dairy made #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: {NW} Interviewer: Where do you think we used to keep milk and butter before they had refrigerators 894: When the There used to be a Lady there in Encinal had a {NW} Had a little Triple tray made out of uh Tents #1 On the top # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: of it's a little bit deeper than the others And she would put her milk in there and on the top she had Water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And then On the sides going down she had cloth #1 And that water # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Would keep this cloth Cool and that would keep your milk cool Interviewer: Hmm what'd she call that 894: Milk cooler I suppose Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever um See people Store potatoes or turnips down in the winter 894: Only in Idaho {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {NW} No {NW} They don't ever have anything like that In Oklahoma they had them down in those cellars you know Keep them down there Interviewer: Uh-huh Um A fixed in place around the barn where the animals can walk around You call that the 894: We always called it the lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about having a fenced in place out in the pasture Where you could leave the cow overnight milking 894: I don't know just Trap or Interviewer: Mm-hmm What is a trap now how how is that built 894: {NW} Trap that's a small Small uh A small pasture you might say Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: You e- could take this yard here and call it a trap if you wanted to if it had grass in it #1 things like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} Interviewer: When do you #1 u- # 894: #2 A trap # is is something to uh Put your Put your animals in that you don't want to get away from you and hold them For just A limited time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Turn them out Interviewer: Say if you're gonna ship them or something 894: Hmm yeah #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about corral 894: Corral that's a Corral is what we use for working our cattle in We uh Take them in there and uh {NW} And We Castrate them and we Interviewer: #1 Earmark # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: them and vaccinate them Maybe bathe them I mean uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: It's a what do you call it a {NS} We have uh we have these uh Dipping baths #1 too # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # For ticks 894: For ticks and for lice and things #1 Like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} And we uh Run the cattle through and they have to swim a little ways Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 894: #2 To go # Through That's about gone too they use a mechanical one now mostly Engine Engine pumps and things Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Wet them down Interviewer: Mm-hmm You used the term castrate any old fashioned or more common term people use To mean castrate 894: Well we used to say cut #1 Cutting them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: We cut them Cut the calves or we Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Castrate them of course Interviewer: What would you call a pig once it's been cut 894: Uh {X} I I don't know right now I can't remember I #1 can't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} Uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called a bar or a barrow 894: Barrow yeah {NW} Barrow Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Barrow B-A-R-R-O-W barrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Barrow and a gilt That's the I guess that was the hog you were looking for isn't it Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: It ha- didn't have Pigs Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Um Did you ever hear of a Uh Milk gap or cow pen 894: Ever hear of a what? Interviewer: Milk gap or a cow pen 894: I've heard lots of cow pens but uh Interviewer: But what is a cow pen 894: A cow pen uh First place is if we had a milk cow we'd milk her in the cow pen Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh That was uh Might say where We did the milking and things like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: The cow pen Interviewer: And Say if you wanted to to get some land Ready for planting First of all you'd have to break the ground up And you'd use a 894: We'd use a Turning plow #1 More than likely # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: A turning plow or a disc plow Disc {NW} And then uh After that we would uh Go back and uh Harrow it down Level it off and Interviewer: Using a 894: Using a Peg-tooth harrow Interviewer: Hmm a 894: Peg-tooth harrow Interviewer: What does that look like 894: Peg-tooth harrow is a a lot of bars and got a lot of pegs on it #1 and this goes along # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: and it breaks the clods and things Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh {NS} Then we would {NS} Go back and Use a middle buster and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Lay the land {NW} That is middle bust that part the land and plant on top of this here that away the water would soak into these #1 those hills # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: and we'd go back and plant it why And those ridges and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Add more moisture Interviewer: If you get rid of all the brush and trees on your land Before you you can get it ready to plant Um what do you say you're doing 894: Well we always said grub it you grub your land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh That is you get rid of it and now then why it's gotten to where they you know Root pot and all that #1 stuff # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: You know Interviewer: What about cleaning the land or clearing the land out 894: Clearing Uh-huh Clearing your land Interviewer: Is that the same as grubbing it 894: Yes uh-huh Interviewer: How do you What equipment do you use for that 894: Use a grubbing hoe they call it We called it a grubbing hoe people now I think call it ad Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Take those and a man would go there and he'd dig a hole around his tree and go down and get the tap root down where it's deep enough where it wouldn't bother the plow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And Then we would take it and use the wood if there's any on there and uh Interviewer: If there's any wood on the 894: On this tree #1 That he had # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Grubbed out like this mesquite {NW} Why We would c- Cut it #1 And put it in the corn wood # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Hmm 894: And maybe sell the corn wood or something like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um When you're plowing the the trench Sort of that's cut by the plow you call that the 894: Furrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm If you plow it with two horses what would you call the horse that walks in the furrow 894: {X} I don't know must be the furrow horse I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: I don't know exactly the name Never did do much farming Interviewer: {NW} What about what you guide the h- horse with 894: The lines Interviewer: Uh-huh And if you're riding on him you got him with a 894: Lines too really Interviewer: Uh-huh And your feet 894: Reigns #1 Reigns you usually # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Bridle reigns Interviewer: What are your feet in 894: Feed the horse Interviewer: Your your feet When you're riding on him 894: On the stirrups Interviewer: Uh-huh And You say before you can hitch a horse to a buggy or wagon What do you say you have to do to him 894: Have to harness him #1 Is that what you want # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And What kind of animal um {X} Looks sort of like a horse that that you can plow with 894: Mule Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {NS} Interviewer: What would you call two of those hitched together 894: A team of mules Interviewer: Uh-huh And {NS} What different kinds of fences do people used to have 894: Well of course uh The outside fences in this country have always been barbed wire Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And when you go to the uh Corrals and places like that why I've got an old wooden corral over here that's made out of wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: It's uh Two Two uh possibly you know what they are they're two Two posts put in the ground And at a certain distance Two more and then the stack that wood in and fill it up The height #1 of the uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: You want your pen and That away you go around Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever see a Wooden fence that Goes like in and out 894: Uh Rail fence I haven't seen one but I we never they never had them in this country #1 we never had # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: enough tim- we didn't have all the timber for that kind of Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Thing Interviewer: To set up a A barbed wire fence you First of all you dig a hole and Stick a 894: First thing you do is you're gonna Set up a Barbed wire fence You've Usually have to cut out the fence line #1 Cut out the- your # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: line that you're going to going to let Place your fence on And then go back and uh Set your Set your stakes up #1 To where you get them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: In line and then go back and Start to dig in your holes And you have a man lining these holes up as you #1 Go on till you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: don't why you can get twelve Interviewer: And take take the wire and nail it to a 894: Post Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And with with a steeple ham- hammer #1 And steeple # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And you steeple it onto the post Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a A wooden fence that you might have around your yard or garden Maybe that's Pointed up at the top Did you ever see one of those 894: No Interviewer: Piece a Little Take pieces of wood then you #1 This one # 894: #2 Oh picket # Fence Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Is that what you Interviewer: How would you You'd Set up one of those 894: Well it uh Ordinarily a picket fence would be uh A picket fence would be maybe around your yard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And you would go in and set your post and then Put your lumber On the outside of these posts and then {NW} And then put your pickets onto the Interviewer: Mm-hmm It's nailed together 894: Nail nailed to it To this lumber that you have on your post you #1 You nail your # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Pickets to that Unless it's some of this here that's already Well but it still has to be nailed Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um there's some of it that's woven or something or 894: Yes has uh Some of it has uh Wires in there #1 There's oh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: wires and it holds those pickets together and you can put them all up some of them individually Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever see a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock that 894: Oh yeah That's a that's a job Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: that I don't want but thank goodness we haven't got that kind of a land here #1 we don't have uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: rocks for it Interviewer: Hmm do you not have the rocks for the 894: No Or to make a Fence out of it we don't have rocks enough to Or anything #1 You might say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Here Interviewer: Where where do- in the country do they have 894: #1 Rocks # Interviewer: #2 These # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh-huh 894: Well you have to go through a hilly country I guess where they uh {NS}: {NS} 894: I I would think around uh Well we had a lot of them in Oklahoma #1 When I was up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: There Interviewer: How long were you up there 894: I was up there about Two years Interviewer: When when were you 894: And uh About nineteen fifty-two fifty-one or fifty-two {NS} #1 And we we # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Came back and uh Interviewer: You were from In Oklahoma from about nineteen fifty to nineteen fifty two 894: mm-hmm Interviewer: What were you doing up there 894: Ranching Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Ranching and farming I had {D: farmer, worked for me} Interviewer: Hmm And up there they have the Those fences with walls that 894: They had s- they had quite a bit of rock But there's a lot of rock too whenever you get out in that {NW} #1 Big Ben district # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Out in there I Imagine why Put heels through the rocky mountains Interviewer: Uh-huh What do they call those Fences or Walls those Made out of rock or stone 894: I always thought they just uh Know a rock fence #1 That's what I always # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Called it Interviewer: Um What would people use to carry water in 894: Bucket Interviewer: Mm-hmm What's that made out of 894: Made out of tin in this country Corrugated iron but we call it tin Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you ever see one made out of wood 894: Oh yes I've seen them but Interviewer: Wha- what are they called 894: I don't what they called them A wooden bucket I guess Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} What about a pail What's the difference between a bucket and a pail 894: I don't know I don't Know I would think that a A pail might be for the tin #1 And the uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Bucket would be for the wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: That might be the difference I Interviewer: But you usually just call it bucket huh 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Um Something you can use for frying eggs in That would be a 894: Skillet Interviewer: Uh-huh Any other name for that 894: Frying pan Interviewer: Is that the same thing 894: Well a a frying pan is supposed to be made out of lighter material #1 and a skillet # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: is heavier Interviewer: Do you ever see one with little legs on it you could use in a fireplace 894: Oh yes Interviewer: Wha- 894: #1 Cooked them many a # Interviewer: #2 What were they # 894: Time that's one of them in the camp {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh What were they called 894: I don't know they we called them We called them haceros {C: Spanish pronunciation} {NW} Interviewer: You called them what 894: Hacero {C: Spanish pronunciation} that there is Spanish for Skillet Interviewer: #1 How do you spell that # 894: #2 I guess # Interviewer: I 894: H-A-C-E-R-O-S Had a top on it you'd cook your bread you put uh coals on the top And coals on the bottom and Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And uh Get your pan pan {C: Spanish pronunciation} out of there Bread Spanish for bread pan {C: Spanish pronunciation} Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: You use it in the camps You'd say 894: Yes in the camp Interviewer: But they left a they had on television you know the #1 The wagon # 894: #2 Yes # Interviewer: #1 And # 894: #2 Mm-hmm # Yes And uh Had the old coffee pot {X} And Nailed onto a Board and the board tied to the wagon wheel of the camp Interviewer: {NW} 894: Camp and that's where you ground your coffee Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Buy green coffee and roast it in one of those skillets Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And uh Whenever it got done why then we would uh Grind it as we needed it and have #1 Fresh coffee # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # How long would you be out um In a Why why would you be out in a camp And for for roundup or 894: Well uh in our case it was building those tanks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Course they use they do that in these roundups Aux: #1 Too # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: But uh We'd go to a location where they're gonna {NW} Make a tank for #1 Water # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: For livestock And uh they didn't take thirty days #1 To make one of them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: With these mules maybe My father he always used six teams of mules and #1 He had six # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Men to drive them And uh We had a man fill the scraper we called them scrapers those drag scrapers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And he had a man to empty them And this other man he'd six of them would go around and two is eight {NW} Mm-hmm {NW} And uh Either way why they would Interviewer: So you'd just be miles from Everybody then #1 Just out # 894: #2 Well # mm mm-hmm Interviewer: How would you you get water for yourself 894: Haul them in barrels Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Take a Wagon and Put three or four These old large barrels in them take the old lard Barrels in the old days and Wooden barrels and uh {NW} Burn them Inside and get the lard out and then we'd haul water in them Interviewer: Hmm 894: And Sometimes we would uh Maybe Have to use it for For an animal but very seldom Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: We'd always drive our Animals to water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: We had the old bell mare And she would {NW} Take the mules and lead the mules and mules would follow her and stay with her Interviewer: You'd have the old what mare 894: Bell B-E double L Interviewer: What do you mean Bell 894: Put a Put a bell on her Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And the mules would stay with her she was the one Nights we would get up and we would hobble hobble her put hobbles on her Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And uh Turn her out And uh she would stay around in the morning when we got her up we always fed her So she was anxious So she would come to #1 Camp # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Whenever we started her in That a way why we {NS} Interviewer: It'd just be about eight people though just Spending a month or so just out 894: They yeah it And paid them fifty cents a day In the old days Fifty cents a day yeah and they would work {NW} Ten to twelve hours a day Interviewer: Gosh 894: {NW} Interviewer: Couldn't get that now 894: And uh They take it they'd stay out thirty days and come in town and Buy four or five dollars worth of groceries and the rest of it they'd take it for beer Interviewer: {NW} 894: Entertainment Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Um They'd go Encinal would be the town that people would go in 894: Yes Interviewer: Um Say if you cut some flowers and wanted to keep them in the house you'd put them in a 894: mm Flower jar or uh Interviewer: Or a special Thing just 894: Oh those urns and vases #1 And things like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: That {NS} Interviewer: And Say if you were setting the table um next to each plate for people to eat with you'd give everybody a 894: A knife and fork Interviewer: And 894: Spoons and Interviewer: And say if you serve steak nowadays and it wasn't very tender you'd have to put out steak 894: Knives Interviewer: And if the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to 894: Wash the dishes Interviewer: And After she washes the dishes then she What them in clear water she 894: She uh Scalds them in clear water and then Interviewer: Well #1 To get # 894: #2 Dries them # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 894: #2 And # Interviewer: Or to get the suds off she 894: She {NW} Well we'd run hot water over them Interviewer: Uh-huh You'd say she ri- 894: Rinses them yeah Interviewer: Uh-huh And the cloth or rag you use when washing dishes 894: It's a dish towel Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Cup towel Interviewer: Is that when you're washing them or drying 894: Drying Interviewer: What about when you're washing them 894: Oh we have wash Dish cloth Interviewer: Huh 894: Dish cloth Interviewer: Uh-huh What about to bathe your face with You have a 894: A wash rag Interviewer: Uh-huh And to dry yourself with 894: A towel Interviewer: And 894: Bath towel Interviewer: Say if you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth You'd pour it through a 894: Funnel is that Interviewer: Uh-huh And if you were riding horses and wanted them to go faster you'd hit them with a 894: Whip Interviewer: And Nowadays if if your lamp wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new 894: New fuse I mean a new light bulb Interviewer: Uh-huh And to carry your clothes out to hang them on the line you'd carry them out in a clothes 894: Basket {NW} Interviewer: And This is a a musical instrument that people would blow on like this 894: Oh yeah We used to call it Jew's harp but they #1 Harmonica # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Is the Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 894: #2 Harmonica # Interviewer: That's the one that you blow like this What about the one like this 894: That's a Jew's harp Interviewer: Uh-huh There's Is that the that's two different things isn't it #1 The # 894: #2 Yes # Interviewer: You used to call both of them the Jew's harp 894: I don't think so Interviewer: This this one that you claim was the 894: #1 That's a Jew's harp # Interviewer: #2 Jew's harp # 894: And the other one is the Is the uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear of French harp or 894: #1 French harp yeah that's what # Interviewer: #2 That # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # That's what it was 894: That's what it was yes The one you blow on Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Harmonica French harp Interviewer: Mm-hmm Say um If If you um Wanted to carry some corn to the mill to be ground What would you call the amount of corn that you take at one time 894: {NW} Maybe a bushel I imagine what you're looking for is Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Or a Load of corn Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever hear the expression a turn of corn 894: A what? Interviewer: A turn of corn 894: No Interviewer: And something that people put in pistols they call that a 894: Cartridge Interviewer: Mm-hmm And Say if you wanted to To chop a log you could make it egg-shaped frame To set the log in 894: Oh yes but We never did that Interviewer: What would 894: If you had a saw you would #1 Build it you'd # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Have to do that but we do use an ax here Interviewer: What would you know what you'd call that kind of frame #1 You'd # 894: #2 No mm-mm # Interviewer: What about the thing that carpenters use that 894: #1 They call them a # Interviewer: #2 Help them # 894: Sawhorse Interviewer: Uh-huh What are they called down here 894: Sawhorse Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you remember the Spanish name for sawhorse 894: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever heard them #1 Call # 894: #2 They # Burros Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Burros you know what burro is don't you Interviewer: #1 That's a # 894: #2 Donkey # Interviewer: #1 Donkey huh # 894: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} Something else smaller than a A barrel That nails used to come in {NS} 894: Keg Interviewer: Uh-huh And the thing that runs around the barrel to hold the wood in place 894: Hoops Interviewer: And Something on On a a beer keg or a water barrel or something the thing that you turn to get the water out 894: Spicket Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about out of your yard the thing you can turn to get water 894: We call it water faucet Interviewer: And at the sink 894: Sink it's a faucet #1 Too # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Something that uh people make with sugar cane 894: Is it uh are you looking for whiskey or something like #1 That or # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: Is it uh course they make sugar out of sugar cane and then they make uh Guess they call that Liquor that they make out of it you know Rye r- rum Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Rum Interviewer: What about something that Um Makes it sticky Then 894: Oh by boiling it and Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Bringing it uh I don't know evaporation I guess and uh Interviewer: Well What would you have uh to eat with pancakes 894: Oh syrup Interviewer: Uh-huh What else besides syrup what's similar 894: Well we have molasses Interviewer: What's the difference 894: Well uh You take it uh molasses is Usually referred to as a heavier species Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Syrup and the other And {X} You know and #1 Molasses # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Things like that Interviewer: You ever hear of molasses and syrup called long-sweetening and short-sweetening 894: No Interviewer: What about if you were gonna buy some molasses What would it come in 894: Come in a glass right now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: You used to buy it in Half a gallon and ten gallon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Can Buckets ten {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called a stand of molasses 894: No Interviewer: And What about a stand of lard did you ever hear that 894: No I bought a hundred and ten pounds of lard in pails and used to have a little grocery store in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: But I never heard of a stand of lard Interviewer: A hundred and ten pounds 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: That gets pretty big 894: Yes it is and uh Wasn't big for us {D: at least} Spanish people use lots of lard Interviewer: Uh-huh Um I don't guess they ever raise much cotton in this area 894: Used to you raise quite a bit of cotton here Interviewer: What's Um Well you have to go out with a hoe and sort of bend the cotton out what do you say you're doing 894: Chopping cotton Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {NW} Interviewer: What different kind of grass grows up in the cotton field Where y- That you don't want 894: Grass burrs mainly #1 In this country # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Grass burr and of course Any kind of grass you don't want it in the cotton field Interviewer: What's grass burr 894: Grass burr it's uh Grass that has a burr on it and sticks to your clothes and gets you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Mm-hmm And uh I don't know what kind of What What kind of grass you Have reference to there but any kind of native #1 Grass # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Gets you and Interviewer: What other grasses are are native to this area 894: {X} They have lots of them right now #1 They have # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 894: Uh we have slender Grama grass and we have uh Interviewer: You have what? 894: Slender Grama Interviewer: What's that {NS} 894: Oh it's a {NS} It's a very palatable grass Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Cattle eat And we have uh We have hooded windmill grass Interviewer: Mm-hmm That's good for cattle #1 Too # 894: #2 Uh-huh # And uh {NS} {NS} We have uh Honey Aux: What 894: Coca-cola We have uh Have pink peppers and we have uh Some other Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Thing there and then we have the Trichloris And we have the crow's foot Aux: A what 894: Coca-cola {NS} And uh There's needlegrass out there see that that's that old grass that uh You walk in and it gets in your socks and Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Is that good for cattle 894: It's good for them when it's dry after I mean when it's green when it after it gets dry why those old needles their tongue it hurts their tongues and they don't like it too well and I don't know they're are just {NW} Hundreds of grasses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Interviewer: What about um nowadays if you went to the store and bought something the grocer would put it in a 894: Paper bag Interviewer: Uh-huh What about Something that flour used to come in {NS} Aux: {X} {NS} 894: {X} {NS} Interviewer: What did Flour used to come in 894: {X} I have uh always seen it in bags Interviewer: Made out of 894: Made out of cloth in the old days but today Paper course but uh {NS} When I went to Mexico over there they've got it in a hundred and ten pound bag flour {NS} The whole thing is awfully dark But They would Use gingham girl and all that stuff to Try to Sell their flour you see and people'd get it and use it for clothes during #1 the depression # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: days Interviewer: What about the Um thing that The heap comes in 894: {NW} Well we call it tow sack I imagine that's what you're #1 Looking for # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Tow sack but uh It's a burlap bag and #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Any other names for it besides tow sack or burlap bag Did you ever hear it called a gunny sack or 894: #1 Oh yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Crocus sack # 894: Gru- gunny sack I heard it called that but not Interviewer: Is it is it called that in this section of the country 894: Not very much no #1 Tow sack # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: is the one they use mostly Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Say if you went out and got as much wood as you could carry in both your arms You'd say you had a 894: I had an arm's full of armload of wood Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} And on a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood you'd say he just had a {NS} 894: He just has a part of a load #1 or something else # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Do you ever say he had a jag of wood Did you ever hear that 894: Oh I guess I have that'd be a slang expression I #1 Never # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Never used it {NW} Interviewer: And if you opened a bottle and wanted to close it back up you could stick in a 894: Cork Interviewer: Mm-hmm And Say if there was a log across the road You'd say I tied a chain to it and we 894: And pull it across Interviewer: Or 894: #1 Pull it out of the way # Interviewer: #2 Use # Use another word besides pull You say we We tied a chain to it and 894: {X} I know what you're looking for but I Interviewer: Using the word drag you say we Tied a chain to it and {X} {NS} Interviewer: Um you'd say what time does the movie 894: {NW} Start Interviewer: Or 894: Begin Interviewer: You'd say it must have already 894: Begun Interviewer: And ten minutes ago it 894: Was over Interviewer: Or it it 894: Was going Interviewer: Or you mean it started #1 Is that ten # 894: #2 Oh it # It started Ten minutes ago Interviewer: Or ten minutes ago it or 894: It started Interviewer: Or it um using the word begin you'd say 894: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Ten minutes # Ago it 894: It began Interviewer: And say if you've gotten someone some medicine you call her there you'd say why haven't you 894: Medicine Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Why haven't you taken your medicine Interviewer: And the person might say I already 894: I already took it Interviewer: And in another hour I'll 894: I will take another Interviewer: And you say a bee stung me my hand 894: Is swollen Interviewer: Or right after it stung me my hand 894: Hurt Interviewer: Or what 894: Stung It got bigger you'd say my #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 Hand # 894: S- Was started swelling Interviewer: Uh-huh or it using the past tense of that my hand 894: Was swollen Interviewer: Or it what 894: Started swelling Interviewer: Uh-huh would you say it it swelled or it swole up or 894: No uh It was swollen Interviewer: Uh-huh um you say right after it stung me then it it 894: Started swelling Interviewer: Uh-huh well you could say started swelling #1 Or if you # 894: #2 Yes # Interviewer: Don't use the word start you'd say 894: It was swelling Interviewer: Uh-huh would you say it swelled or it swole up or 894: No no Swole up that'd be Poor English Interviewer: Uh-huh wh- why would what would be the past tense of that then that you would use 894: Well it was swollen Interviewer: Uh-huh and say um what different names are there for black people 894: Oh negroes and colored folks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh {X} That's uh That's about the extent of the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Of it I suppose Interviewer: What about joking names or sort of insulting names 894: Like nigger Uh I don't know unless it's uh How do you feel about the Interviewer: #1 Word nigger # 894: #2 Darkie # What Interviewer: How do you feel about the word nigger 894: Well Uh I uh Of course I have no objections to it at all but uh I understand they do Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: They prefer to be called uh {X} Darkie or uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Something like that but uh Interviewer: Which word did Did people use when you were growing up 894: Nigger Interviewer: Mm-hmm so to you it it's just a neutral term #1 It doesn't # 894: #2 Mm-hmm # Yes {NW} We had no had no negroes here in uh #1 Encinal we # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: We're {NW} Might say we never used it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Hardly Interviewer: What about someone of our race you'd call us 894: Now what Interviewer: What about your race #1 You'd say # 894: #2 Hmm # Interviewer: Or my race you'd say we were 894: We were American we were caucasians or #1 Something # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Like that Interviewer: Or just a more common name for caucasians you'd say we're 894: Americans or we are white Interviewer: Uh-huh um what about a child that's born with one parents black and the other parents white 894: Well he's a Half-breed #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} Interviewer: Um {NS} And what did colored people used to call the man that they worked for 894: {NW} Master I suppose or boss or Interviewer: What would you call white people that you sort of looked down on they're sort of um They don't try to do anything for themselves they're too lazy to work 894: White trash Interviewer: Mm-hmm any other names like that 894: Oh I don't know I don't uh Nothing comes to my mind about it Interviewer: What would blacks call whites like that 894: I don't know I I've never been around any blacks I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm and some of them a French person in Louisiana you'd call him a 894: Call him a Cajun #1 Would that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Any other term 894: Uh I don't know you'd Be a French Interviewer: Uh-huh did you ever hear coon 894: Oh yes coons that there I've used I've heard that expression also on negroes #1 Coons # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What about coon ass 894: Coon what Interviewer: Coon ass do you ever heard that 894: No Interviewer: To mean Cajun 894: No Interviewer: And someone who lived out in the country who doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town Everybody can just look at him and see right off that he's from way out in the country they'd call him a 894: Country hick Interviewer: Mm-kay um what about someone who's uh worked with the ranches or cowboy what would you call him 894: Uh Cowboy we they {NW} #1 That's a word # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: That's usually used in labor you use a cowboy Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about the term kicker 894: Kicker I've never used it Interviewer: What does it mean 894: I don't know Interviewer: What um do you call the Spanish-speaking people here the Mexicans people of Mexican descent 894: Mexican descent we call them Mexicans Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: But course they're not Mexicans but they Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: We call them Mexicans and they are uh Laborers and Mostly Course some of them are Very Very wealthy and all that and but Interviewer: Mm-hmm what terms are there for Mexicans that Mexicans wouldn't like 894: Well we call them greasers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: I guess that's what {NW} Greasers they eat lots of grease and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh I don't know Any English terms that they #1 Wouldn't like # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # What are some Spanish terms that they wouldn't like 894: {NW} Well you'd cuss curse them and uh use some of the curse words and And uh Interviewer: What would you call them 894: Call them a Cabron that there's a Interviewer: Cab- 894: C-A-B-R-O-N Cabron I heard that interpreted uh one time in court #1 As a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: As meaning an old goat but uh {NW} For the Mexican people it More or less means a pimp #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: You Had a #1 Something # Interviewer: #2 What do you mean # A pimp 894: Well a man that uh Interviewer: Prostitutes or 894: Uh-huh And uh Interviewer: What about um um the term Chicano 894: It uh That's a new word that's been canned I don't think it's uh It's never used around here any that I know of We We have here we have what we call the Raza Unida Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Which is the united race to Mexicans they are going for that a lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Now and Interviewer: But this term Chi- 894: This Chicano that there is mostly a term these Laborers that working the People Interviewer: They like that term Chicano 894: I don't know I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm what what about um someone who's a sort of a lower class Mexican no 894: Pilon Interviewer: Huh 894: They call them pilon Interviewer: Is that insulting Or does it just mean laborer 894: Well a pilon means that uh just like a slave you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And I don't know whether it would be Insulting or not it's according to If he was a little bit better class and call him that he wouldn't appreciate it but uh Interviewer: What about the term pa- pachucos 894: Pachuco Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Well I don't know I The in the younger generation they don't uh seem to Mind it but uh Interviewer: What is what is a pachuco to you 894: Pachuco to me is a man that uh is a young Kid that's got lo- has the long hair and #1 The old # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: More or less like our uh Uh Interviewer: Hippies or 894: Hippies uh-huh More or less like our hippies Interviewer: Is he kind of wild or troublemaker or 894: Yes he's uh supposed to be they always are getting into some kind of trouble or something #1 Like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Do you ever hear them called just chucs? 894: What Interviewer: Chucs 894: No Interviewer: Or pachucos 894: Uh-uh Interviewer: What about um someone who's well of Mexican descent but can't really communicate well in either Spanish or English you call him a 894: {NW} I guess I'd call him a misfit #1 Wouldn't you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # What about the term po- #1 Pocho # 894: #2 What # Interviewer: Pocho P-O-C-H-O 894: No I've never used #1 That I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # {NS} What are some um some other terms that people would use around here that um would be pretty insulting 894: To uh To uh Interviewer: To Mexicans or just to to anyone 894: #1 To anyone # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 894: Uh-huh Well you'd say a low count Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Low count low down Bastard or something #1 Like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: But that would be very insulting or {NW} Interviewer: What about um For Anglos what what terms for Anglos are there 894: Well that would be one of them And uh Interviewer: What is Anglo just a neutral term to you 894: Anglo to me is uh Is like myself I'm an #1 Anglo # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: And the the other one the Mexican they are uh He's a Mexican I #1 Suppose or uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Latin Hmm #1 They seem to # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Going a lot now toward the Latin Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Wanting to be called Latins Interviewer: What about the term um pende- pendejo 894: Pendejo Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Well that means somebody that uh Somebody that Doesn't know anything kind of ignorant Interviewer: Mm-hmm is it very insulting or 894: No it isn't very insulting I Tell you you were ignorant you wouldn't Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {X} Be too badly insulted the you know #1 The course # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: If I were angry or something like that it might be Would always put a word or something in front of it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 894: #2 And then # That away and Interviewer: And say if um there was kind of icy outside you'd say I didn't actually It's hard to walk out there I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I 894: Fell Interviewer: Or I might I didn't fall but I slipped and I liked to 894: Liked to have fallen Interviewer: Uh-huh do you use that expression much like to have or 894: Y- well Some #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And someone's waiting for you to get ready to go someplace and calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon you'd say I'll be with you in 894: I'll be with you I'll be ready in a few minutes Interviewer: Or ju- 894: Or just a s- second Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} And say if you have a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go what somebody else 894: You better go ask someone else Interviewer: Mm-kay and you say um so then I went and 894: Asked someone Interviewer: And it'd say you're the second person who's 894: Have Who Has not been able to give me an answer Interviewer: Or who has what me that question who has 894: Who has brought me that question Interviewer: Uh-huh or who has using the word #1 Ask # 894: #2 Who have asked me # That question Interviewer: Uh-huh and something that you do every day if I ask you do you do it often you'd say yes I #1 All the time # 894: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yes I 894: I do it all the time Interviewer: And you're asking me whether he does that sort of thing you'd say 894: Does he do Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Those things Interviewer: And you say I don't smoke but he 894: But he does Interviewer: And you say well I don't know if he did that or not but people 894: People say he did Interviewer: Mm-kay and you'd say if I ask you if you know a person you might say well I don't know him but I 894: I know of him Interviewer: Uh-huh you ever say I I heard tell of him or 894: Yes I heard tell of him Interviewer: Uh-huh and say if there was a loud noise I'd ask you did you 894: Hear that sound Interviewer: Uh-huh you'd say yes I 894: Heard that sou- I heard this sound Interviewer: But it didn't frighten me because I've what it before I 894: I've heard it before Interviewer: And say if I asked you about something you'd say well I think that's right but I'm not 894: I'm not very sure Interviewer: And you say this part of my head is my 894: Forehead Interviewer: And this is my 894: My hair Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a 894: His beard Interviewer: And this is my 894: Ear Interviewer: Which one 894: My left ear Interviewer: And this is my 894: Right ear Interviewer: And 894: Your lips Interviewer: Or the whole thing is the 894: Face or Interviewer: Or 894: Your mouth Interviewer: Uh-huh and this is the 894: Neck Interviewer: And 894: Your Interviewer: What you swallow down is your 894: I don't know thorax or it I guess you #1 Looking for # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Your windpipe Interviewer: But say someone's got a cold they may have a sore 894: Throat Interviewer: Do you ever use the word goozle 894: Only jokingly Interviewer: How how would you use it 894: Oh you'd Goozle down a glass of beer or something #1 Like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And you'd say these are the 894: Teeth Interviewer: #1 And # 894: #2 What # Interviewer: This is one 894: Tooth Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth 894: The #1 What # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # The flesh around your teeth this is your 894: Gums Interviewer: And this is one 894: Hand Interviewer: Two 894: Hands Interviewer: And the 894: Palm Interviewer: And one 894: Fist Interviewer: Two 894: Fists Interviewer: And a place where the bones come together 894: Knuckles Interviewer: {NW} Or any place would be a 894: Joint Interviewer: And on the man this part of his body is his 894: Chest Interviewer: And these are the 894: The shoulders Interviewer: And say this is my 894: My leg Interviewer: And one 894: Foot Interviewer: And I have two 894: Feet Interviewer: And if I get down in this position you say I 894: Must be kneeling Interviewer: Or not kneeling but this like this 894: Oh Squatting Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} Any other way of saying that 894: I don't Interviewer: Do you ever hear down on your 894: Hunkers Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: I have heard that yes never used it it's uh {NS} Not Interviewer: What is your hunkers 894: I don't know That's why I never use it {NW} Interviewer: And this sensitive bone here this is your 894: Shin bone Interviewer: And say if someone had been sick for a while you'd say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 894: Looks a bit {D: peaked} Interviewer: Mm-kay and someone who's in good shape you'd say he's big and 894: Husky Interviewer: Mm-kay or he's not weak he's 894: Strong Interviewer: What's the difference between strong and husky 894: Well a man I would think that a man's Personality or person body would be Husky and strong would be his muscles Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about the word stout 894: Stout Well uh Stout is uh S- is like strong Interviewer: Mm-hmm you'd think of the person as being a little overweight if he's stout 894: It is used that way quite a bit yes Interviewer: Mm-hmm someone who's always smiling then loses temper you'd say that he 894: Good-natured Interviewer: And someone like a teenage boy who is just all arms and legs he's 894: Skinny Interviewer: Well she's always stumbling and dropping things he's 894: He's uh Oh clumsy Interviewer: Mm-hmm And a person that just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense You'd say he's just a plain 894: Plain goof I guess Interviewer: Do you ever use the word fool 894: Yes Some well Interviewer: How would you use that 894: Well As you ex- I start to question the Say he's a plain fool why Anybody that that makes a Mistake or gets into trouble quite a bit why He's Interviewer: Is that a very insulting word 894: Not a insulting word but It's a kind of a Might hurt a little #1 Bit # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: If somebody was Interviewer: And a person that has a lot of money but really holds onto his money he'd be a 894: Miser Interviewer: Any other name for him 894: Well uh We have a slang expression saying {D: chinche} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {X} Interviewer: {D: Chinche} 894: Yeah Interviewer: Hmm is that from Spanish? 894: I think so yes Uh-huh Interviewer: When you say that a person is common what does that mean 894: Well I guess his personality is is Very questionable Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: He's and uh Another thing is is Person that doesn't take care of himself or do anything Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Tries to elevate himself Interviewer: Then you just call him a 894: Commoner Interviewer: It it's an insult then 894: Well it uh Yes I guess so Interviewer: What if you say that a girl was very common what would that mean 894: It means that uh more than likely That she was a girl of the street or something like that I guess #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 Prostitutes # 894: Maybe mm-hmm Interviewer: And say an old person maybe around eighty or so who still gets around real well and does all their work and doesn't get tired You'd say for his age he's still mighty 894: Mighty active and mighty Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Strong Interviewer: Do you ever use the word spry or chipper or 894: Spry Interviewer: Huh 894: Spry yes #1 Mighty # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay # And say if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 894: Uneasy Interviewer: And someone else might say well they'll get home alright just don't 894: Worry about them Interviewer: And say a child might say I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark I'm 894: Afraid Interviewer: And you say well I don't see why she's afraid now she 894: Been up there Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Quite often Interviewer: Or using the expression used to be you'd say why should she be afraid now she 894: Used to be Up there or used to be afraid or Interviewer: Uh-huh or sh- she wasn't afraid before you'd say she you'd say she usen't to be or didn't used to be or 894: Oh she didn't Didn't used to be afraid Interviewer: Uh-huh and someone who leaves a lot of money on the table then goes outside and doesn't even bother to lock the door you'd say he's mighty what 894: Mighty Interviewer: With his money 894: Careless Interviewer: And someone who's just the least little thing and he loses his temper you can't joke with him at all you'd say that he's 894: High-tempered Interviewer: Or he's too 894: Quick on the draw Interviewer: Uh-huh do you ever say he's touchy or touches or 894: Yes he's very touchy Interviewer: Uh-huh you'd say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so 894: Angry or mad Interviewer: And if someone's about to lose their temper you tell them to just keep 894: Just keep calm Interviewer: And someone who's very sure of himself and makes up his mind and then you can't make him change his mind you'd say that he's 894: Strong Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Strong-headed I guess there's Interviewer: Mm-kay heated 894: bull headed or something like that Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you'd been working very hard you'd say you were very 894: Tired Interviewer: Any other way of saying that 894: All All {X} Petered out #1 Give you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Some Interviewer: And that's just a slang expression 894: Yes uh-huh Interviewer: And using the expression wear out you'd say I'm just completely 894: Worn out Interviewer: And you say there's nothing really wrong with that movie but sometimes she acts kind of 894: Act Kind of Like she weren't Had her feelings hurt #1 Or something like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Do you ever use the word queer for a quarrel 894: Queer yes I've heard that a lot {NW} Interviewer: Has that word changed meanings in the past few years or how how would you define queer 894: A queer Of course is somebody that's uh A little different from anybody else and on the other hand there's another queer that's uh Person you know would be #1 Queer that uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Might say Interviewer: You mean homosexual 894: Homosexual yeah uh-huh Interviewer: Did when you were young did people ever say he is a queer or but not mean homosexual did people ever use the 894: Yes he I've I have heard that uh-huh he's Very queer In his Actions or something like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm and say if a person had been well then suddenly you hear that they've got some disease you'd say well yesterday when I saw them they were fine when was it that they what sick 894: When they took sick Interviewer: Uh-huh and if someone went outside in bad weather and came in with sneezing and coughing you'd say that he 894: Was taking a cold I'd think Interviewer: Or yesterday he 894: He was all right and wasn't sneezing Interviewer: Uh-huh But then he went outside and he 894: And he Started to sneeze Interviewer: He what a cold he 894: He caught a cold Interviewer: Uh-huh and if he couldn't take right then you'd say he was 894: {X} Very hoarse Interviewer: {NW} And if you do that you have a {X} 894: What I didn't get the Interviewer: {NW} If you do that you have a 894: Oh a cough Interviewer: Uh-huh and somebody who can't hear anything at all you'd say that they're 894: Te- They're deaf Interviewer: Uh-huh and say if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet you'd say look how much I 894: Have perspired Interviewer: Or look how much I what using another word 894: Sweat Interviewer: And a sore that comes to head that'd be called a 894: Risen Interviewer: Or a 894: #1 Carbuncle # Interviewer: #2 Another name # Huh 894: Carbuncle Interviewer: Is that the same thing 894: I don't know I don't think so #1 I don't think so no # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # What about another name for risen 894: Well I suppose a carbuncle or a risen there's more or less Interviewer: What about a name that starts with a B a 894: A B Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Boil Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 894: #2 Uh-huh # Yes Interviewer: Is that the same thing 894: That's yes a risen and a boil are the to me the same thing Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about the stuff that drains out when it opens 894: Pus Interviewer: In in a blister 894: Blister is water Interviewer: #1 And if someone # 894: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the 894: Wound Interviewer: And sometimes a wound won't heal back right you get sort of skinless growth over it you call that it's gotta be cut out or burned out then 894: {X} Interviewer: Some kind of flesh 894: {X} {X} {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear proud 894: Proud flesh Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Oh yes Interviewer: What's that like 894: Proud flesh is an outgrowth of flesh on the outside of your s- That Where your skin won't cover it up #1 maybe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Do animals get that 894: Yes they do they Quite a bit you have to cut it off burn it off Interviewer: Mm-hmm which a- do cattle get it or 894: Horses especially and cattle get it too but cattle not so much Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Horses and their muscles Interviewer: Say if you had a little cut on your finger a brown liquid medicine you could put on that stains a lot 894: Iodine Interviewer: What about a real bitter medicine people used to take 894: Quinine Interviewer: Uh-huh did you have to take that 894: {X} Uh yes I did Mm-hmm I took it not too long ago during the war quinine for For uh The flu #1 Influenza # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Were you in the service 894: No I was not Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Wasn't qualified Interviewer: Why 894: I wasn't qualified I just had one eye Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you want to go or 894: Yes I tried to enlist Three or four different things but they never would take me they said they'd take me after the {NW} I'd been classified as world war one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: As classified after Armistice Eighteen to forty-five I was in that draft Interviewer: Uh-huh um say if someone had been shot and didn't recover you'd say that he he didn't live 894: #1 He was killed # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Or he 894: Died Interviewer: Any nicer way of saying someone died 894: Passed away this Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Used Interviewer: What about a crude way of saying it 894: Kick the bucket Interviewer: Uh-huh and you say he's been down a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died 894: From {X} Interviewer: And the place where people are buried 894: The graveyard Interviewer: Any other names for that 894: Cemetery Interviewer: And what they put the body in 894: The coffin Interviewer: And you said when he died everybody went to his 894: Funeral Interviewer: And if people dressed in black you'd say that they're in 894: They're in mo- mourners Interviewer: Uh-huh they're in 894: In uh mourning Interviewer: Uh-huh say on an average sort of day if someone asks you how you're feeling you'd say oh I'm 894: Feeling fine Interviewer: And if there was something bad that you had expected to happen like child's walking along the top of a fence and You expect him to fall off and hurt himself then someone comes running in the house and tells you that he's falling off you'd say I just 894: Just knew he was gonna do that Interviewer: Mm-kay and if I ask you um when are y'all going to Miami you'd say well right now we're what to go next week we're 894: We're preparing #1 We're # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Planning Interviewer: Do you ever say we're fixing or we're aiming to go 894: Not aiming to go Fixing to go might use that sometimes Interviewer: What does fixing mean 894: Preparing Interviewer: Does that mean just sort of an indefinite future or does it mean immediately 894: Well I would think it would be immediately Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Fixing or preparing you're p- getting ready to Interviewer: And you say he didn't know what was going on but he what he knew it all he 894: He thought he knew it all Interviewer: Or if he pretended you'd say he what knew it all he 894: He acted as though he thought he knew it all Interviewer: Uh-huh and you say it was so cold last night that the pipes 894: Froze Interviewer: And 894: Bursted Interviewer: And you say the pipes have already 894: Thawed out Interviewer: Or they I was gonna wrap them but they've already 894: Bursted Interviewer: Because the water had 894: Frozen Interviewer: And if it gets much colder the pipes will 894: Freeze again Interviewer: And 894: Burst Interviewer: And say if it's um cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a 894: Heavy frost Interviewer: What about something harder than a frost 894: A freeze Interviewer: Uh-huh and say if the lake froze but just around the edge you'd say that last night the lake 894: {X} Lake Froze Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Around the Had a light f- Light coat of ice around the edges Interviewer: Mm-hmm and talk about how tall the rooms are you'd say this room is about 894: Eight Feet tall Interviewer: Uh-huh what do you call this room th- that we're sitting in 894: I call it our living room Interviewer: Uh-huh and when you're getting old and your joints start hurting you say you've got 894: Got arthritis more than likely or a rheumatism #1 Or something like # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Is that the same thing 894: No I wouldn't think so I don't know Interviewer: Say um a really bad disease that um children would get they'd get a really bad sore throat and they'd choke up they'd die from it they used to have it a a long time ago 894: Wasn't pneumonia I don't think Interviewer: No they'd get the they'd get blisters on the inside of their throat 894: Oh tonsillitis Interviewer: Or dip 894: Diphtheria Interviewer: Uh-huh what about a disease where your skin and eyeballs turn yellow 894: Uh Yellow jaundice Interviewer: And if you have a pain down here and have to have an operation then you've got 894: Appendicitis Interviewer: And you ate something that didn't agree with you and it came back up you'd say you had to 894: Vomit Interviewer: Any nicer ways of saying that or is that the the nicest way 894: That's the nicest way I know some other ways that are not quite so nice Interviewer: Like what 894: Puke {NS} Interviewer: Anything that doesn't sound as bad as puke but sounds worse than vomit 894: Oh I don't know I Interviewer: Say if a person vomited you'd say he was sick where 894: Sick of his at his stomach Interviewer: Uh-huh and if a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl he kept on going over to the same girl's house like he was seriously interested in her you'd say that he was 894: He was uh Courting her is that Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Uh-huh Interviewer: And he would be called her {NS} 894: Her boyfriend or her sweetheart or something like that Interviewer: And she would be his 894: Sweetheart Interviewer: And if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say that he's been 894: Been naked Interviewer: Mm-kay and when a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her you'd say she 894: Broken Broken off their #1 Broken up # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And he asked her to marry him but she 894: Refused Interviewer: Any other ways of saying that {NW} Sort of joking ways of saying that 894: Stood him up I guess #1 Or something # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # They were engaged and all of a sudden she 894: She Broke the engagement Interviewer: Mm-hmm but if she didn't break the engagement you'd say they went ahead and got 894: Married Interviewer: Any joking ways of saying got married 894: Got hitched Interviewer: And at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom 894: {X} Best Man Interviewer: And the woman that stands up with the bride 894: Best Best girl I guess Interviewer: Uh-huh do you remember hearing about a long time ago if people in the community would get married other people would come by their house that night and make a lot of noise and 894: Chivaree them Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What was that like 894: Oh I don't know they Tried to Entertain them in such a way that they uh Would keep them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Separated as much as they could and try to {NW} Interviewer: Was it all just in fun or 894: Fun yes Mm-hmm All in fun Interviewer: Was it very common around here 894: No Interviewer: Hmm 894: No Interviewer: When did you see one 894: {NW} I don't know is I ever saw one Course we always tried to frame up but Most Everyone when they get married they go off #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: And That away why you Don't have a chance for #1 Unless you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Frame it up on the other end but Interviewer: Um how would you use the term up or down or over talking about location 894: Up north and down south and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Over yonder Interviewer: Mm-hmm if you were going to San Antonio you'd say you were going 894: Up north Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: More Interviewer: What about to Freer you'd say you were going 894: Uh We were going I Down east I guess Interviewer: Uh-huh and Pecos it's a little south of here 894: It is east Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Freer is We go Going down east and Or going Interviewer: What about west you go 894: Out west Interviewer: Uh-huh and say if there was trouble at a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of them they arrested the 894: The whole gang Interviewer: Any other words besides gang that you'd use 894: A whole Crowd or a whole bunch or #1 Whole # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And when young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you call that a 894: Dance Interviewer: Uh-huh what different kinds of dances did people used to have 894: {NW} Uh they used to have the old square dance and the quadrilles and the schottische and all of those #1 things # Interviewer: #2 The quadrilles # 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What was that 894: Oh I don't know that's a Old-timey dance that they did out of Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about the schottische 894: Schottische Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Well that's a Kind of like the polka Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And uh Interviewer: What about Mexican dances 894: Mexican dances why they uh They have their special dances but uh They try to Do the same dances that the American people do Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever learn any of the Mexican dances 894: No I never did {NS} Never Had The fact of the business is I never knew how to dance hardly Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} Say if children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four o'clock school 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Does what 894: Supposed to go home I think Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: He doesn't why he Playing around on the road Interviewer: Uh-huh you say that at four o'clock school 894: School ends Interviewer: Uh-huh or another way of saying that school 894: Is out Interviewer: And after vacation the children would ask when does school 894: Start again Interviewer: And if a child left home to go to school and didn't show up in school that day you'd say she 894: Played hooky Interviewer: And you go to school to get a 894: Education Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into the 894: To the uh Primaries I Go into the first grade Interviewer: What did you used to call it primary {X} 894: No it I it to me it was always school Interviewer: Mm-hmm and after high school you'd go to 894: College Interviewer: And years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at 894: In desks Interviewer: And each child has his own 894: Desk Interviewer: And say um all night long the wind 894: Blew Interviewer: And the wind has what those clothes off the line the wind has 894: Blown blown Interviewer: And it started to rain and the wind began to 894: Begin to bathe begin to go down Interviewer: Or it started to 894: Blow Interviewer: Uh-huh if the wind had been strong it was getting weaker you'd say it was 894: I'd say going down ordinarily but abating #1 That's is the word # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: I guess Interviewer: What if it's if it was weak and was getting stronger you'd say it was 894: It was going harder Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if the wind is from this direction you'd say that it's 894: From the south Interviewer: And the wind halfway between south and east you'd call a 894: S- Southeast Interviewer: And south and west 894: Southwest Interviewer: And west and north 894: Northwest Interviewer: And east and north 894: Northeast Interviewer: And you'd say um he ran down the springboard and what 894: Dove Interviewer: Mm-kay and several children have 894: Have Interviewer: What off that springboard have 894: {X} Dove off of it Interviewer: Mm-kay but I was too scared to 894: Try it Interviewer: I was too scared to 894: Dive Interviewer: And if you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a 894: Belly buster Interviewer: And {D: a playing child} puts her head on the ground and turns the 894: Flip Interviewer: Or on the ground she puts her head down and tries a 894: Somersault Interviewer: And you say he dove in and what across the lake 894: Swim Interviewer: And several children have 894: Swam across the lake Interviewer: And children like to 894: Swim Interviewer: If you get in the water if you don't know how to swim you get in the water you might 894: Drowned Interviewer: And you say yesterday he 894: Almost drowned Interviewer: And if someone went down for the third time then you'd say that he had when they pulled him out he had already 894: Drowned Mm-hmm Interviewer: And you say often when I go to sleep I 894: Dream Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I have 894: Dreamed Interviewer: And this is what I 894: #1 Think # Interviewer: #2 Think # Last night I 894: I dreamed Interviewer: And I dreamed I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I 894: W- I Woke up #1 Awakened # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And say if you have a um you want to check out a book you'd go to the 894: Library Interviewer: And to mail a package you'd go to the 894: Post office Interviewer: And you stay overnight in a strange town at a 894: Motel Interviewer: Or a 894: Hotel Interviewer: And you'd see a play or a movie at a 894: Theater Interviewer: And you were had to have an operation you'd have to go into the 894: Hospital Interviewer: And the woman that'd look after you 894: The nurse Interviewer: And you'd catch a train at the 894: At the railroad station depot Interviewer: And say if there was a piece of furniture that didn't fit exactly in the corner of the house just sort of diagonally across the corner you'd say the furniture was fitting 894: Catty-corner Interviewer: Mm-kay how how else do you use the word catty-corner 894: How do we use it Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Well something that doesn't fit In Takes in N- Whole corner and kind of Slants across and maybe is not filled up the Back of it Interviewer: Uh-huh say if there was two streets that cross and you wanted to get from one corner to the other instead of you were here and you wanted to get over to here instead of walking like this like you're supposed to #1 you just # 894: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Walk 894: Catty-cornered Interviewer: That would be catty-cornered too 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And before they had buses in town they used to have 894: Streetcars Interviewer: Mm-kay any other name for them 894: Trolley Interviewer: Uh-huh what about tram- what about the Spanish name 894: Oh Trambia Interviewer: Uh-huh and you tell the bus driver this next corner is #1 is where # 894: #2 is # Where I get off Interviewer: And say um in Webb county Loredo is the 894: County seat Interviewer: And if you were postmaster you'd be working for the federal 894: Government {NW} Interviewer: And the police in town are supposed to maintain 894: Law and order Interviewer: And the fight between the north and the south was called the 894: Oh golly {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Where they freed the slaves that was the 894: {X} Interviewer: Do you ever of civ- 894: Of what Interviewer: Civ- 894: Oh the civil war #1 Yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Any other names for that 894: Well the war between the north and the south civil war and the War to f- Free the slaves I guess the what is the call it the uh Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Not civil war I don't I I guess it was civil war Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you said before they had the electric chair murderers were 894: Hung Interviewer: And you say that man went out and what himself 894: Hung himself Interviewer: And if you were about to punish a child he might ask you not to punish him just give me one more 894: Chance Interviewer: And someone who always catches onto a joke you'd say he's got a good sense of 894: Humor Interviewer: And if we were planning to meet in town I'd say there's no need for you to hurry if I get there first I'll I'll wait 894: For you Uh-huh Uh I will wait for you Interviewer: Uh-huh and you say well we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminating company will 894: {NW} Eradicate them Interviewer: Or will get get what of them will get 894: Get rid of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm and say if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot of things growing out in your yard you'd go out and 894: And arrange the furniture to where they Interviewer: Or you had some things in your yard you'd go out and some some things growing your yard you wanted to brighten up your room you'd go out and 894: Oh pick your flowers and bring them in Interviewer: Uh-huh and a child that's always telling on other children you'd call him a 894: Tattletale Interviewer: Would you use that word about a grown person 894: Uh I suppose some Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {NW} No- not much Interviewer: What would it mean if you said a grown person's a tattletale 894: Well that they were carrying stories from one person to another Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you'd say um I have just what him a letter I have just 894: Written Interviewer: And yesterday he 894: Answered my letter Interviewer: But yesterday he 894: He wrote me a letter Interviewer: And tomorrow I'll 894: Write him a letter Interviewer: And you say I wrote him and this time I was getting a 894: An answer Interviewer: And you put the letter in the envelope then you take out your pen and you 894: Address the envelope Interviewer: Uh-huh do you ever hear people say you back the letter 894: No Interviewer: And you say I was gonna write him but I didn't know his 894: Address Interviewer: And the biggest city {NS} in the country is in 894: New York City Interviewer: Uh-huh New York City is where 894: In the state of New York Interviewer: Uh-huh and Annapolis is the capital of 894: Of Indiana Interviewer: Uh-huh and Baltimore is in 894: Maryland Interviewer: Mm-kay and Tulsa is in 894: Oklahoma Interviewer: And Boston is in 894: In uh {NW} {NS} Massachusetts Interviewer: Where in Oklahoma did you live when 894: We uh lived In the northeast corner up close to Miami Interviewer: Uh-huh this for about two years or 894: Mm-hmm {NS} We had a ranch up there a little ranch out there from Miami between Miami and uh {NW} And Pawhuska Interviewer: Uh-huh what made you decide to to go up there 894: {NW} The drought Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Had the drought down here and went up there {NW} Get the Green grass and more feed for our cattle and Well maybe we'd put more weight on them Interviewer: How long did the drought last down here 894: S- about seven years Interviewer: Gosh 894: Really really rough really rough lots of men that Had an awful big debt to pay off when they got through with it #1 Feeding cattle # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm uh you say Boston is in 894: Massachusetts Interviewer: And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the 894: Uh The uni- uh {NS} New England states Interviewer: Uh-huh what are the states in the south 894: {NW} The southern states Interviewer: Mm-hmm I mean what na- name does the states around here 894: Oh y- You mean the names of the states Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Like Texas and Oklahoma and New Mexico and uh I guess you're getting West #1 Texas there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NW} And uh {NW} Arkansas Kansas that'd be too far north and uh Mississippi {NW} And uh Louisiana Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about going 894: Georgia would that be one of them Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {NW} Interviewer: And George Wallace is the governor of 894: Of uh Alabama Interviewer: Uh-huh what about um Richmond is the capital of 894: Virginia Interviewer: And Raleigh is the capital of 894: Of North Carolina Interviewer: And beneath North Carolina is 894: South Carolina Interviewer: And um Miami is in 894: Oklahoma Interviewer: Or 894: {NW} Florida {NW} Interviewer: Huh 894: {NW} Florida Interviewer: Uh-huh and the state um above Georgia is the volunteer state is 894: Uh Tennessee Interviewer: And above Tennessee is 894: Oh Interviewer: The bluegrass state 894: Oh yeah Kentucky Interviewer: What's the biggest city in Kentucky 894: I suppose it is uh Is Frankfurt is that the biggest #1 city # Interviewer: #2 No # Starts with an L 894: Oh Louisville Interviewer: Uh-huh and the state above Arkansas is 894: Above Arkansas is uh Mis- Missouri Interviewer: Uh-huh what's the biggest city there 894: Saint Louis Interviewer: And the biggest city in Maryland is 894: Baltimore Interviewer: And the capital of the United States is 894: Washington DC And the old sea port in South Carolina is Charle- Charleston Interviewer: Uh-huh what about the big city in Illinois 894: Chicago Interviewer: And what are some of the cities in Alabama 894: Alabama Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: {X} {NW} Oh I can't Call them to mind right now I Interviewer: The big steel-making city is 894: {X} Baton Rouge Interviewer: Or Birm- 894: Birmingham Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Uh-huh Interviewer: And the capital is starts with an M Mont- 894: Montgomery Interviewer: Uh-huh what about the city down on the gull 894: Uh In Alabama Interviewer: Mm-hmm It's Mo- 894: Gulf ports Interviewer: Or Mob- 894: What Interviewer: Starts with an M 894: Oh Mobile #1 Mo- mo- # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Mobile Interviewer: And some of the cities in Georgia 894: Atlanta Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: That's where my boyfriend lived {NW} Baseball {NW} #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: {NS} Atlanta and Interviewer: The one on the coast in Georgia is Sav- Sava- 894: Mac- Savannah and Is there a Macon Georgia Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: {NW} And uh And the name of the person who was supposed to discovered America is Columb- Columbus Interviewer: Uh-huh and the biggest city in southern Ohio 894: Oh- Interviewer: Where the reds came from the baseball team 894: Oh Cincinnati #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 And # The city up in the mountains in North Carolina 894: {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of Ashe- 894: Yeah Asheville Interviewer: Uh-huh what are some of the cities in Tennessee 894: Tennessee Shelbyville that's my Where my girlfriend came from {NW} Uh Tennessee is uh Interviewer: You like those horses up there Tennessee walking horses 894: Oh I don't know where they come from though Interviewer: Uh-huh what about where country music is 894: Oh yeah that's uh Nashville #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And the city up in the mountains in East Tennessee is Kno- 894: Knoxville #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # What about where Chata- um where Lookout Mountain is that's 894: {NW} Interviewer: Chat- 894: Chattanooga Mm-hmm Interviewer: And in west Tennessee where Martin Luther King was shot starts with an M. Memph- 894: Memphis Interviewer: Uh-huh and the biggest cities in Louisiana 894: New Orleans Interviewer: Uh-huh and you say Paris is in what country 894: France Interviewer: And Moscow is in 894: Russia Interviewer: And say if someone asks you to go with them someplace and you're not sure you want to you'd say I don't know I want to go or not I don't know 894: I Don't know whether I want to go or not Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you want someone to go with you you'd say well I won't go 894: Unless you go with me Interviewer: And one of the largest um protestant churches in the south is the 894: Baptist Interviewer: And if two people become members you'd say they 894: Are members of the Baptist church Interviewer: Or they what the church 894: Became affiliated with the church Interviewer: Or a more common way of saying that last Sunday 894: Became members Interviewer: Or they what the church they 894: They joined the church Interviewer: And you go to church to pray to 894: God Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a 894: Sermon Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the 894: The uh Singing and songs and music Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you really like the music you'd say it was just 894: Beautiful Interviewer: And the enemy of god is called the 894: Devil Interviewer: Any other name for him 894: Satan Interviewer: What would you tell children is gonna come get them if they didn't behave 894: The old devil's gonna get you Interviewer: Uh-huh do you ever say the boogerman #1 Or the # 894: #2 Yes # Interviewer: Black man 894: Yes it Mm-hmm not the black man the boogerman Interviewer: Uh-huh what do people think they see around the graveyard at night 894: {NW} Spooks See uh {NW} The uh Dead people walking around well you call them the uh S- Skeletons and #1 Things I guess # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: Supposed to come out of the grave Interviewer: Do you believe that 894: No Interviewer: What about a house that people are scared to go in 894: Haunted Interviewer: And you tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting 894: Cool #1 Cold # Interviewer: #2 Or # Not really cold but it's getting a little 894: Cool Interviewer: Uh-huh or another word for that 894: Little fresh outside Interviewer: Uh-huh and you say well I'll go with you if you really want me to but I 894: Don't care to go Interviewer: I'd what stay here 894: I'd rather stay here Interviewer: And if you haven't seen a good friend of yours in a long time how might you express your feelings about seeing him you'd say I'm what to see you 894: I'm so happy to see you Interviewer: Uh-huh do you ever say proud to see you 894: No I don't use that word Interviewer: And if someone said something kind of shocking you sort of resented them saying it you might say why the very 894: Idea #1 Of such a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay # 894: Thing Interviewer: And when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask them then 894: How are you Interviewer: Mm-kay what about when you're introduced to a stranger what might you say to him 894: How do you do Interviewer: Mm-kay and how would you greet someone around December twenty-fifth 894: Merry Christmas Interviewer: What about on the first of January 894: Happy New Years Interviewer: Any other expression do you ever hear of Christmas gift 894: At Christmas times yes Interviewer: How w- what would people say that 894: Yes sometimes they'll say Christmas Gift to you on before Christmas and Or right after Christmas so {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: First season why you can e- Say a Christmas gift to you and they're supposed to give you a Christmas #1 Gift # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Do you ever hear people saying new years gift 894: I think so I think so Interviewer: Was it as widespread as 894: No I don't uh Interviewer: And you say I had to go downtown to do some 894: Shopping Interviewer: And say if you bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and 894: And folded it or #1 Wrapped # Interviewer: #2 Or # 894: My Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 And when I got # 894: #2 Wrapped # Interviewer: Home I 894: Opened The #1 Tore tore # Interviewer: #2 Or he wrapped # 894: #1 The wrapping off # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # He wrapped it and then I 894: Unwrapped it Interviewer: And if you had to sell something for two dollars that you had paid three dollars for you'd be selling it 894: At a loss Interviewer: And if you like something but don't have enough money for it you say well I like it but it's 894: #1 What too what # Interviewer: #2 Too # 894: Too expensive costs too much money Interviewer: And on the first of the month your bill is 894: Very {X} Your bill is very high {NW} Interviewer: It's time to pay it you #1 pay it # Interviewer: #2 Time's to # 894: Pay it uh-huh Interviewer: Your bill is 894: Is due for due Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you belong to a club you have to pay your 894: Dues Interviewer: And if you don't have any money you could go the bank and 894: Borrow Interviewer: And you say in the thirties money was 894: Scarce very scarce Interviewer: And some places if you buy something or pay your bill they'll give you a little present and say that it's for 894: A pilon Interviewer: Uh-huh do people do that now what 894: No No there's Things are too expensive to give away #1 Or it seems like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # What what are they used to how do they used to do that 894: Well anybody'd come in and they'd buy a nickel's worth of lard why we would give them a S- Little piece of {NW} Mixed candy and Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: And they'd always come to your store because they wanted that pilon Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: That away is Interviewer: They did that at the store you worked at 894: Y- Interviewer: That 894: That I owned {NW} Interviewer: Is this in 894: I ow- owned the store in Encinal for about ten years Interviewer: Oh you did 894: Mm-hmm Mm-hmm Interviewer: Um what does a baby do before it's able to walk 894: Crawls Interviewer: Huh 894: {NW} Crawls Interviewer: Uh-huh and say if you were tired you might say oh I think I'll go over to the couch and 894: And relax Interviewer: I think I'll 894: Rel- Sit down Interviewer: Or if you're gonna take a nap you say you think you'll go 894: And take a Take a nap or Interviewer: You you don't sit down you 894: Lie down Interviewer: Uh-huh you say he was really sick um he couldn't even sit up all morning he just what in bed he just 894: He was laying around Interviewer: Uh-huh and you say she walked up to the altar and she what down 894: She kneeled down Interviewer: And if you see a friend of yours um walking home and you have your car you'd say may I what you home can I 894: May I walk you home or may I dr- take you drive you home or Interviewer: Uh-huh you say may I take 894: Take you home Interviewer: Uh-huh and to get something to come towards you you take hold of it and 894: And lead it Interviewer: Or 894: Pull it Interviewer: And the other way would be 894: Push Interviewer: And you said those boys get mad and 894: And fight Interviewer: And yesterday they 894: Had a b- real big fight Interviewer: Uh-huh for an hour they what 894: Fighting Interviewer: Uh-huh and ever since they were small they have done 894: Fought Interviewer: Uh-huh and um they got mad and 894: Mm {NW} They got mad and punched #1 Each other # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Or they got mad and 894: Boxed or fought Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go 894: And bring me a hammer Interviewer: Uh-huh and a game that children play where one child will be it and the other children will hide they call that 894: Hide and seek Interviewer: What do they call the tree that they can touch and be safe 894: The base Home base Interviewer: Uh-huh what about in football you run toward the 894: Right after lunch Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Got some business in Encinal where it comes out here {X} Interviewer: You say in football you run toward the 894: Goal Interviewer: And if you tell a child now that stove is very hot so 894: Be careful not touch it Interviewer: Mm-kay and if you had some groceries and didn't have your car you'd say you picked it up and 894: Carried it home Interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides carry 894: No Interviewer: You ever say toted it or packed it or lugged it 894: I'd say packed could say packed it home Interviewer: Does that give you the idea that it's something very heavy 894: No no not packed Interviewer: And say if a child left her pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there she'd say it say I bet somebody 894: Has stolen my pencil Interviewer: Mm-kay anything else you'd say besides stolen 894: Borrowed my pencil Interviewer: Uh-huh and say a child learns something new like maybe learned to whistle you wanted to know where he learned it you'd say who 894: Who taught you to whistle Interviewer: Mm-kay and something that a child plays with you'd call a 894: Toy Interviewer: Any other name for that 894: Playthings Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you ever call it a play-pretty 894: Play-pretty yes I guess so Mm-hmm Interviewer: Does that mean the same as toy 894: Yes I would think so not necessarily of course it would could Have a broader scope than a toy a toy maybe is uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Mechanical or something like that or an automobile or something Interviewer: But the play-pretty is something that 894: Play-pretty well could be {NS} Like a Maybe a Rag Well then I don't know Interviewer: Something homemade or something 894: Mm-hmm something a little Interviewer: Um Aux: Rag doll 894: {X} Interviewer: You say um say if you've lived in in Texas all your life say and I asked you how long you'd lived here you'd say I've 894: I have lived in Texas all of my life Interviewer: Or I've what lived here I've I've al- 894: Always lived in Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: In Texas Interviewer: Or he moved here in nineteen sixty and lived here ever 894: Ever after Aux: {X} Interviewer: Or ever he's lived here ever what he got married ever 894: Ever Ever after he got married he lived here Interviewer: {NS} Or ever si- 894: Forever Interviewer: Uh-huh and say you give someone a bracelet and you want to see how it looks on her you'd say why don't you 894: Try It on Interviewer: Or go ahead and what 894: Snap it on try it on Interviewer: Uh-huh or the opposite of take it off is 894: Put it on Interviewer: And you say you can't get in through there because the highway department's got their machines in and the road's all talking about tearing it up you'd say the road's all 894: Is all under construction is Interviewer: Or it's all tor- 894: Torn up Interviewer: And Aux: Blocked Interviewer: You say that wasn't an accident he did that 894: He did that intentionally Interviewer: Or he did that 894: On purpose Interviewer: And you say I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever 894: Since Interviewer: And you'd say she what him with the big knife she 894: Stabbed him with the big knife Interviewer: Mm-kay and say if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you could use pulley blocks and a rope to what it up to 894: Hoist Interviewer: Mm-kay and now if you start counting to fifteen 894: Me start counting to #1 Fifteen # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 894: One two three four five six #1 Seven # Interviewer: #2 Slower # 894: {NW} Oh {NW} One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Interviewer: And the number after nineteen 894: Twenty Interviewer: And after twenty-six 894: Twenty-seven Interviewer: And twenty-nine 894: Thirty Interviewer: Thirty-nine 894: Forty Interviewer: Sixty-nine 894: Seventy Interviewer: Ninety-nine 894: A hundred Interviewer: And nine hundred ninety-nine 894: A thousand Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand is one 894: Million Interviewer: And say if there's some people in line the person at the head of the line is the what person the 894: First person in line Interviewer: Mm-kay and behind him is the 894: The second person that's Interviewer: Kay keep going 894: Oh and the third person in line And the fourth b- person in line The fifth person in line The sixth person in line {NS} Seventh person in line Eighth person in line Ninth person in line Tenth person in line Interviewer: Mm-kay and you sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all 894: All in a bunch all together Interviewer: Or all at 894: One time Interviewer: Uh-huh you could say it comes all at 894: The same time Interviewer: Uh-huh it um you say last year I got twenty bushels to the acre this year I got forty so this year's crop was exactly 894: Doubled what Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: #1 Last # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 894: Year's Interviewer: Exactly what as good exactly 894: Exac- exactly twice as good Interviewer: Uh-huh and would you name the months of the year {NW} 894: January February March April May June July August September October November December Interviewer: And the days of the week 894: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Interviewer: Mm-kay what about sabbath what does that mean 894: Sunday Interviewer: Mm-hmm you call Sunday the 894: Day of the Lord I guess Interviewer: And if you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting 894: Good morning Interviewer: Mm-kay how long does morning last 894: Until twelve o clock Interviewer: And then you have 894: The afternoon Interviewer: Uh-huh how long does that last 894: That lasts uh twelve hours No uh Twelve to about six I guess or seven Interviewer: And then you have 894: Uh {NS} Afternoon And good afternoon and then {NS} Good evening Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: Good evening Interviewer: When is evening 894: {NW} Evening is after Uh seven o clock ordinarily after Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: Dinner time I guess or supper time Interviewer: How long does it last 894: Uh it lasts until Uh good dark and then it starts #1 Night # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # {NS} If you were leaving someone's house after dark you'd tell them 894: Good night Interviewer: Uh-huh what um if you were leaving someone's house at about eleven o clock in the morning would say anything as you were leaving 894: I would say goodbye I suppose Interviewer: Do you ever say good day 894: No I don't believe I've never used that expression Interviewer: Mm-hmm and you say if you had to get up and start work before um the sun was shining you'd say we started work before 894: Daylight Interviewer: Or before sun 894: Before sun up Interviewer: And we worked until 894: Sun down Interviewer: And you say this morning I saw the sun 894: Rise Interviewer: And at six o clock this morning the sun 894: Was shining Interviewer: Or the sun did what it 894: Rose Interviewer: And I was late this morning when I got outside the sun had already 894: Already r- Risen Interviewer: And you say um today is is Tuesday so Monday was 894: Was day before yesterday Interviewer: Uh-huh and Wednesday is 894: Is uh Today is Tuesday Wednesday would be {NW} Tomorrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday but a week earlier than that you'd say he came here 894: Week before last Interviewer: Mm-kay or on a Sunday he came here 894: Sunday before last Interviewer: Uh-huh what if he was gonna leave not next Sunday but a week beyond that you'd say that was 894: Sunday week Interviewer: Mm-kay and if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about 894: About fifteen days Interviewer: Mm-kay and if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody 894: What is {NS} What is the time Interviewer: Or 894: #1 What is the # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 894: What is the correct time or Interviewer: Uh-huh and you might look at your 894: Watch Interviewer: And if it was {D: in between} seven o clock and eight o clock you'd say that it was 894: Seven thirty or Interviewer: Or or another way of saying it 894: Past seven Interviewer: Huh 894: Past seven it's Past seven o clock Interviewer: Uh-huh it's half 894: Half past seven Interviewer: And there's fifteen minutes later than that you'd say it was 894: Seven forty five Interviewer: Or a quarter 894: Till Eight Interviewer: Mm-hmm and if you had been doing something for a long time you'd say I've been doing that for quite a {NS} 894: Quite a while Interviewer: And you say nineteen seventy three was last year nineteen seventy four is 894: This year Interviewer: And the child just had his third birthday you'd say that he's 894: Three years old Interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly 894: One year ago Interviewer: And talking about the weather you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 894: Clouds Interviewer: And on a day when the sun is shining and there aren't any clouds you'd say that's a 894: Beautiful day Interviewer: Mm-kay 894: Clear day Interviewer: What about when it's real dark and cloudy you'd say it's uh 894: Stormy Or Stormy or Blusterous is Interviewer: Mm-kay what do you call fast moving clouds 894: Oh I don't know storm clouds I suppose Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you ever hear scuds 894: Mm-mm Interviewer: And if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker you think it's gonna rain or something in a little while you'd say the weather was 894: Real bad I guess real good maybe we should say Interviewer: Do you ever say it's um changing or gathering or breaking or turning 894: Breaking is when after if it's rain and it's breaking up why you'd it's uh getting over the #1 Something like that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: {X} Interviewer: So you'd say it looks like it's finally going to 894: Going to break up or it's fin- Clear Interviewer: And a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down you'd call that a 894: Cloudburst Interviewer: Mm-kay any other names for that 894: Well they sometimes they use gully washer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 894: And things like that Interviewer: What about if there's thunder and lightning in it you'd say it's 894: It's a storm #1 And it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And if it's raining but not heavy enough to be called a cloudburst you'd say it was 894: A heavy rain Interviewer: Uh-huh or this morning we just had a little 894: Shower #1 Sprinkle # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # What's the difference 894: Well a shower is heavier than a sprinkle a sprinkle is just to Settle the dust #1 You might say # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # What about if it's just a slow rain but lasts for a long time do you ever call that a drizz- 894: Drizzle #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 894: Uh-huh Interviewer: What is a drizzle 894: A drizzle is when the water comes out comes down very slowly and uh Not very heavy Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 894: #2 And # Interviewer: What if it's so fine you can hardly see it 894: It's a mist Interviewer: And if you get up in the morning and can't see across the road you'd call that a 894: Fog Interviewer: And a day like that you'd call a 894: Foggy day Interviewer: Uh-huh um how long I'm really I'm not clear about how how long you were outside of um Encinal 894: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You were in Oklahoma for two years 894: Uh-huh Oklahoma for two years Aux: {X} 894: What Aux: Four years 894: Four years Aux: Yeah 894: Were we up there that long Aux: We owned our land that long Interviewer: Did you live up there for #1 Four years # Aux: #2 We lived up there # Two years uh-huh 894: Three years and then we were Ten years when I uh {NW} Left here and Aux: {X} 894: Oh yeah that's right Away from Encinal Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh-huh wait you lived in alla- Aux: Amarillo 894: #1 Amarillo # Interviewer: #2 Amarillo # For how many years 894: About ten eleven years ten about no about In Amarillo about Eight years Interviewer: Uh-huh 894: In Fort Worth two years Interviewer: Uh-huh and in Oklahoma about three years 894: Three years Interviewer: Have you and then for all the rest of the time you were living in Encinal 894: Yes {NS} Aux: Well we went away didn't you go to Smiley 894: No honey that's Aux: Oh that's a summertime {X} Interviewer: #1 Where's Smiley # 894: #2 Mm-hmm # Smiley it's over here close to Gonzales and Gonzales county the cradle of Texas history {NW} Aux: I mean your sister was a teacher over there 894: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # {NS} 911: In other words you gonna ask me a question and I'll just answer it? Interviewer: Yeah 911: Okay Interviewer: Um, your name 911: {B} Interviewer: And your address? 911: {B} Los Fresnos Texas Interviewer: And the name of this county? 911: Cameron. Interviewer: And where were you born? 911: Brownsville. Interviewer: How far away's Brownsville from here? 10 mi- 911: {NW} Ten, twelve miles Something like that. Interviewer: And your age? 911: Forty three. Interviewer: And occupation? 911: Well pretty much self-employed. Interviewer: What sort of things do you do? 911: Land development. Interviewer: That's what the- 911: Yeah. {NS} mm-hmm Interviewer: What do you mean by land development exactly? 911: Well we gotta bunch of land here In and around Los Fresnos and that's what were trying to- subdivide it and sell it in lots. Interviewer: Di- #1 did you have anything to do with the community here? # 911: #2 No. # Not- not this street here, most of our stuff's down inside of town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you have your own company or- 911: Yeah, mm-hmm. Interviewer: And your religion? 911: Episcopal, Episcopalian. Interviewer: Have you ever done any other work besides land development? 911: Oh yeah Interviewer: What sort of thing? 911: Well I worked in a bank for twelve years. {NW} Interviewer: In Brownsville? 911: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: Doing what? 911: Just about everything when I quit I was a loan officer. {NS} I was a stock broker for seven years and I worked for the country club for a year, {NS} in their land development division. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That's the same country club that had the golf tournament? 911: mm-hmm Now those are- That's what I've done since I've been old enough to have good sense but- Before that you know kid- Interviewer: mm 911: working, as a teenage- I worked cotton gin filling stations and stuff like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Tell me about your education. Starting with the first school you went to if you remember the name of it and- 911: Mean as uh a kid? Interviewer: Mm-mm 911: Well I started and finished at Saint Joseph's academy in Brownsville. started there in kindergarten and graduated from there. {NS} Interviewer: Then what? 911: Then I went to Texas southmost college Interviewer: At {X} 911: Mm-hmm, For a year almo- yeah I guess about a year, two semesters Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: Then I went to the University of Texas for two years. Interviewer: At Austin? 911: mm-hmm Interviewer: You were there two years? 911: Yeah Interviewer: What were you studying? 911: Well I started out studying pharmacy, ended up studying business, never finished either one of them. {NS} Not cause I didn't- cause you know- I just quit cuz I was tired of it. Interviewer: Thats the- um Only time you've lived outside of Brownsville? 911: Yeah And here of course you wanna consider this living outside of Brownsville, I've been here for a year. And I'll just here long enough to get this foolishness done and then I'll go back. {NW} Interviewer: You don't like it out here? 911: Yeah I like it I have nothing to here though. And anything you wanna do you've got to just get in the car and drive twelve miles and I hate that road. #1 Oh lord we do it sometimes six times a day. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 911: And it's too much for me cause all our friends you know and all of our activities and everything else is in Browsville. Interviewer: This is a new house though it seems like you- 911: Belongs to the company. {X} Uh the plan was that way that we'd come out here and and do this until we either got it all done or decided not to do it. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 911: #2 So I'm just here, # Kinda temporary. Interviewer: What are you gonna do in Brownsville? The same development there in Brownsville? 911: No, you mean if I lay this? Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: I don't know {NW} I'll worry about that when it comes. Interviewer: What sort of things are- are you active in? Besides you your land development? 911: I play golf. Interviewer: mm-hmm At the country club {D: I guess}? 911: Anywhere that got a golf course. Yeah, usually at the country club though. Interviewer: What else? 911: Play bridge. Interviewer: Is there a bridge club that your- 911: No, play bridge for money {NW} we just play bridge {NS} That's about it, go {D:fishing}, you know, just other than that, don't do much. Interviewer: Are there any, uh, clubs or organizations that you belong to? 911: Not anymore I went all through that stuff. Interviewer: What did you used to be in? 911: Well I was in the junior chamber of commerce got up to be president of that in Brownsville. I don't know, I guess I guess I was in that for about five years and then I was president and stayed in one more year after that and quit. And I was in the chamber of commerce and Red Cross and community what do you call it united fund and {NW} I don't know, all that foolishness that everybody does once upon a time. {NW} Interviewer: Why don't you like those things anymore? {X} 911: Well I liked them at the time but I think everybody after a while, you get tired there's some people that just thrive on that uh I just put in my time in 'em I- It's not that I don't have time anymore, got more time now than I ever had but I just- Anytime I do anything usually away from the house anymore I just go play golf. Maybe it's old age I don't know. Interviewer: What about church? Are you active in church? 911: No, not very I'm sorry to say. Interviewer: Have you done much traveling? 911: No very little, I'm not much of a traveler either. Oh I've done some but not, excessive. Interviewer: Where have you been? 911: You mean away from Brownsville at one time or another going as far back? Well I've been in Saint Louis, been in Indiana, and I've been in well last summer went out to California, by way of Las Vegas. Uh That's about the main. I've been around the state of Texas you know several times. Interviewer: Just for vacation or- 911: Yeah. Interviewer: Tell me something about your parents and where they were born and- 911: My mother and father were both born in Brownsville. Interviewer: What about their education? {NS} 911: Um Well my daddy was alright. He got through college he got uh he was a pharmacist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And my mother went uh up to Southern College in uh Virginia. {NS} I think, I don't know, it was a two year college and it was way back a long time ago I don't know whether she went any place else other than that or not. Interviewer: Did she ever work? Outside your home? 911: My mother never worked a day in her life, {NS} outside the house. Interviewer: What was her maiden name? 911: {B} Interviewer: What about your grandparents on your mother's side? Where were they born? 911: Hmm If in my mother could hear me here not being able to answer that she'd kill me. I don't know I- I think No they weren't born in Brownsville I don't believe. My grandfather was born in somewhere up in Texas somewhere. I can ask her if you want me to tell you. Interviewer: #1 Do you think they were born in Brownsville? Or- # 911: #2 I don't think so. # She can tell me in a minute course if I start asking her stuff like that, take me an hour to get. {NS} You want- you wanna know? Interviewer: Well you don't have to ask her right now but I'd be curious. 911: They lived there long, long time I know they were living in Brownsville in the eighteen eighties. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Or nineties they may have been born- I don't think my grandfather was there's a possibility my grandmother was but I'd have to check on that. Interviewer: What about their education? 911: Well my grandfather was a lawyer Interviewer: What about your grandmother? 911: Um I don't think she had any college education Interviewer: Did she ever work? 911: No. Interviewer: {NS} You think she had about a high school education or so? 911: Yeah probably I'd have to ask my mother those things I've heard 'em you know more than once but I don't- Something I don't pay that much attention to but. Interviewer: What about your grandparents on your father's side? 911: Well They weren't- don't think they were born in Brownsville. There again I'm not sure. My grand- there- #1 Same about the same there if either one of 'em was born in Brownsville, it've been my grandmother. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 911: And I'm not sure if she was I'd have to check on that too. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 911: #2 I think # I think my grandmother's parents came down here with uh when this uh Zachary whatchamacallit Taylor came down to Fort Brown, I think. Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: And uh Seems to me my grandfather That my great grandfather came from Spain and brought my grandfather with him but I'd have to check on that too. I'd rather ask you know than tell you the wrong thing. My mother can tell me in a minute. {NS} Interviewer: Do you know about their education? 911: No I sure don't I'm I'm reasonably positive that neither one of them had a college education Interviewer: Do you think they had high school? 911: Yeah I think so, but there again I don't know I better say don't know then tell you yeah or no Interviewer: Well you think they could read and write 911: Oh yeah. Interviewer: They were- educated some. Yeah my grandfather ran a bout six thousand acre farm. He's heck pretty quick with those figures Did your grandmother ever work outside the home? 911: No. Had seventeen kids. Interviewer: Seventeen? 911: Mm-hmm {NW} Interviewer: #1 That's incred- # 911: #2 She worked around the house. # Interviewer: What was- Do you um Your grandmother on your mother's side do you know her maiden name? 911: {B} Interviewer: What about on your father's side 911: {B} Interviewer: How do you spell that? 911: {B} Interviewer: That's Polish? 911: Yeah Interviewer: What about um the your ancestry farther back you say your- your grandfather um Ferdandez was from Spain? 911: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Or his his people were What about on your mother's side? {X} 911: Well that goes back a long ways my mother's got a book on it what do you call it the genealogical. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: And they- during the war they didn't have much to do you know all the kids were off in you know World War two and they wrote lots of letters and traced it and they traced members of the {B} from the {B} and what not back through, oh they, one of 'em was at the Alamo. Uh they went back through {NW} Tennessee Kentucky on back up to the- I think there was some question there, don't know that ever got the answer to it I think they did, one of them cats was on the Mayflower but I'd have to check on that. Interviewer: Do you know which side of the family that was that- 911: No. Either on- Either on it or right after it they've just been over here since Back in the seventeen hundreds. Back up, {NW} round the Carolinas and places like that and then just slowly started coming down you know like Ken- Kentucky and Tennessee and on up in the, somewhere up around in Montgomery county Texas or somewhere then came down here. Interviewer: You know when they came down here? Do you know? 911: {NW} Well that goes back to the question of whether or not my grandfather was born here or not. Uh {NW} I know that they were around here in the in the eighteen nineties. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: If my grandmother was born here she's born in the eighteen eighties uh I think. But you better not put this down. But I think my grandfather came here when he was a little boy. Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: And that've been in the eighties. Interviewer: Your grandfather on your mother's side? 911: Yeah Interviewer: Where do you think he came from? Just some- 911: Montgomery county Texas wherever it is I think you better just let me write down the things that we're trying to pin down and I'll get my mother to tell me, she can tell me all this stuff here in about five minutes. Interviewer: Okay. What about your wife how old is she? 911: Well now you got to tell me what you want, my first wife or my second wife? {NW} Interviewer: When- Did you divorce? 911: Yeah Interviewer: When did you marry your first wife? 911: {NW} Nineteen {NW} fifty-three {D: I think} fifty-three. Interviewer: And when did you divorce? 911: Nineteen seventy-two. Interviewer: How old was she then? 911: When we got divorced? Interviewer: uh-huh 911: Bout thirty- thirty-nine I think. Thirty-eight or thirty-nine. What are you gonna- you- this information not going any place but you and me is it? Interviewer: No 911: Oh okay Interviewer: Was she from Brownsville? Or- 911: No she was from Atlanta Georgia. Interviewer: Oh really? 911: Or Savannah Georgia. {NS} Think it's Savannah. Interviewer: Do you know about her education? 911: High school, one year of college. Interviewer: Did she work? 911: No. Interviewer: What was her maiden name? 911: {B} Interviewer: Do you know anything about where her parents were born? 911: Out there in Georgia I think. Interviewer: uh-huh 911: Yeah I'm pretty sure they were born in Georgia. Interviewer: What about your wife now? How old is she? 911: Twenty-eight, I think. Yeah, twenty-eight. Interviewer: Was- What about the religion of of your first wife? Was she- 911: Well I don't know what she was, she became Episcopalian after we got married. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about your wife now? 911: She's a Baptist. Interviewer: {NS} How long have y'all been married? 911: Almost a year. {NS} Be a year June ninth. Interviewer: What about her education? 911: High school. Interviewer: And where's she from? 911: Indiana. Interviewer: Do you know if her parents are from Indiana? 911: Yeah. {NS} I think. I mean I don't know if they were born there or not but that's where they've lived for a long time. {NS} Interviewer: Has she ever worked? 911: Oh yeah. She's a worker. Interviewer: Does she work now? 911: Mm. Works for me. She does secretarial work in here. Doesn't get paid. {NW} This thing on right now or not? Interviewer: Yes. 911: Oh it is. Okay I better watch what I say. Interviewer: Uh tell me something about what Brownsville's like and how it's changed since well from thirty year ago or so. 911: Oh it's changed something terrible. Um trying to find a comparison for you when I'm you talk thirty years ago, I'd have been thirteen. It wasn't quite as small as Los Fresnos then, it's quite a bit bigger but it just, is a sleepy little town you could ride a bicycle right up the middle of Main Street at high noon and not worry about getting hit by anything and now you've seen it, what it is now it just busting at the seams. I liked it best the way it was before, but you can't fight progress. Interviewer: What's the population now? 911: I think the last census put it at somewhere around well I don't know, the last census was nineteen seventy. I think it says somewhere around seventy thousand, doesn't it? Sixty thousand, seventy thousand but they s- they're estimating it somewhere over eighty now estimate. Interviewer: Um what about the the language thing did- Which language did you grow up speaking? 911: Well mainly just almost entirely Span- uh English. Interviewer: Uh-huh 911: Now I learned Spanish from the maid. Now the only thing I learned in Spanish, before I learned it in English, I could tell time in Spanish. Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: Because the maid taught me how to tell time now I could if you ask me what time it was and I'd tell you in Spanish but everything else uh we spoke around the house was a hundred percent English except if like we were talking to the maid or somebody that didn't speak English cause we spoke all English. Interviewer: Now how- Do you feel equally comfortable in both languages or 911: Well I never have been very good at Spanish. I mean other than pure border Spanish. Now my grandfather spoke true Spanish Spanish. And to hear him talk and to hear somebody from the border talk, Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: was just entirely different. The expressions they used and the way they even pronounced some words and things was just really different. Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: And what I learned was border Spanish. And my father spoke kind of a combination of the two can't say he spoke correct Spanish as we know, you know, like in Spain, Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: it was mostly just border S- Spanish. I don't know whether to call it Mexican or border Spanish but there's a lot of differences. I don't remember the terms and the expressions but I could I remember thinking boy my grandfather talks funny cause he talked a lot of Spanish. Uh he he spoke better Spanish than English now that's not to say that he's- talk talks with an English- talked English with an accent or anything like that but sometimes he could explain himself it's, you know, it seems to me in Spanish better but they spoke uh around their house they spoke I'd say eighty percent English at least. Maybe more. They didn't speak much Spanish at all. When they were talking with the kids and stuff like that they talked in English. Interviewer: What about your- #1 Uh this is your grandfather- # 911: #2 That's on my- # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 911: #2 Yeah, right # Interviewer: What about his wife? She- was like him with the first language really Spanish or- 911: I don't really remember, spoke good Spanish but I think she was uh there again I think it was mostly English. They could speak all the Spanish they needed to and speak it good. Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: Um But it just seems to me they always just spoke English. Interviewer: What about your mother? Which language- 911: Well she thinks she speaks it pretty good but she doesn't. {NW} Spanish, just pure English. Interviewer: Uh-huh 911: She can talk to the maid and stuff like that in in real border Spanish. Interviewer: mm-hmm 911: Uh, but they always just and my grandmother on my mother's side spoke you know real good Spanish. Interviewer: mm 911: I don't mean correct but I mean they could really get themselves understood in Spanish but whether you could call it bilingual or not but they did speak good Spanish. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever speak Spanish? Or do you- # 911: #2 Oh yeah # {NS} not not You know sit down with my friends we just talk English all the time I would kid around a lot in Spanish because there're a lot of uh, what should I say, funny expressions in Spanish that we've known all our lives, kidding around and some of 'em a little bit on the risque side and we throw those around, particularly if we go on a trip some place and there're all English speaking people around there and we wanna get one off with you in Spanish somewhere but uh {NS} we speak you know I- to say that I'll sit down with anybody and carry on a conversation in Spanish no I don't do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you just speak Spanish to Do you have a maid? 911: No I got a yard man and uh he speaks broken English so I'll communicate with him in Spanish you know just easier. Interviewer: What's the ratios of of Anglos to Mexican Americans and Latin um 911: #1 In Brownsville? # Interviewer: #2 In Brownsville. # 911: {NS} I don't know I I wouldn't even wanna guess at that. I'd say it used to be pretty high. {NW} Um, uh you know percentage of uh I don't know what you wanna call 'em Latin Americans or Mexicans I don't- whatever but uh I think it- it's switching a little bit more towards uh Anglos, there's a lot more people coming in. This growth that we're having is predominantly Anglos coming in from other parts of the country but I don't know whether it'd be four to one I- I guess four to one might be pretty accurate or close three or four to one. Interviewer: What'd it used to be, thirty years ago? 911: Well I imagine it probably was about the same really when the population was that much what six times less than it is now or approximately, it's probably pretty close to the same it might've been a little bit more. Uh but I'd just have to guess at it uh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: That's one thing I've never much paid attention to with uh growing up, I just never paid attention to whether you know a guy was Smith or Gonzalez or- I just never looked at it much, paid paid any much attention to it. Interviewer: Did- were there many Anglo families who, with children, spoke predominately English when you were growing up? Or did most of your friends speak pretty fluent Spanish? 911: Uh {NS} No I think it uh {NS} trying to think of a few see if I can come up with. I think that the the majority of the friends that I had you know when I was growing up {NS} that were Anglos {NS} they just stumbled around with Spanish pretty good. They'd try to learn it in school but they can't teach you how to speak in school, I'll argue that with anybody they teach you the verbs and stuff like that but, you send that man out on the street to carry on a conversation, he's gonna get lost. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: Uh I'd say if they spoke any at all it's just kind of busted up and choppy and they could make themselves understood but they couldn't carry on a conversation. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Um {NS} did you move around much when you were {NS}little, with your family? # 911: #2 You mean from house to house? # Interviewer: Uh-huh 911: No I guess let's see I was born- we were living in one house and I was born, and moved out of there when I was about ten to another house and my mother's still living in that one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: So since I- from the time I was born 'til the time I got married and left {X} I lived in two houses. Interviewer: Could you make a sketch of the floor plan of that second house or- 911: Of the second house? Interviewer: Yeah, if if you remember it- {NS} #1 better- # 911: #2 you mean # where we're living now, my mother {NS} lives now? Interviewer: Uh-huh and the names of the rooms and- {NS} 911: Oops. Not not to scale uh? Interviewer: No {NW} just a rough sketch {NS} 911: This will show you that I am not an artist. {NS} Let's see, that's the porch {NW}, that's the living room hmm {NS} bedroom and the bathroom. You gonna be able to tell the difference between bedroom and bathroom? Interviewer: Isn't the bathroom smaller? 911: Mm okay. Mm well this whole thing back here is a hallway and a bathroom and a bedroom. {NS} That's a dining room this is kinda like that with the kitchen and this was a well you- I can't put B-R for breakfast room so let me write it. This is kind of a you know breakfast room where we ate unless we had #1 {NS} company or something go into the # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 911: #1 dinning room. Most of the time we ate back there, that's pretty close. # Interviewer: #2 What was this here? # 911: That's the front porch right there. Interviewer: What about the house that- 911: There's the porch right here. Interviewer: that you lived in once you got married? You haven't lived in this one very long. 911: {NW} Lord I lived in one, two, three, lived in three houses with {NS} my first wife. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: and uh then we moved in here after #1 when I was- # Interviewer: #2 Can you sort of make a sketch of this house? # 911: Of this one? {NS} I got a copy of it there I'll give you. 911: Is that right? {NS} You can turn it around {D: and see} {NS} that's the bedroom, bathroom, {NS} be the entrance, now this {NS} is a hallway {NS} that's a bedroom, {NS} and this is a bath {NS} and this is a bedroom and this is really a bedroom but this is an office and uh where am I now? That's the door better draw the hallway kitchen's here well boy kitchen's here and this is bigger dining room's here and that's the garage that's more or less the living room but that's a poor drawing. Interviewer: {NS} Did you ever hear of an old-fashioned name for porch? {NS} Or names for special kinds of porches {NS}? 911: For a porch? {NS} Think you've made me draw a blank I can't even think how to say porch in Spanish. {NS} No. Interviewer: What about a porch on the second floor? 911: Huh {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a gallery or veranda? 911: Oh veranda yeah, but veranda the little I heard it used around kind of veranda was uh was kind of a downstairs be kind of like that only a bigger deal than that kind of enclosed, brick clo- enclosed, off the back of the house. Let's go out on the veranda kinda you know full of trees and bushes and stuff like the more the way I heard it used more. Interviewer: What would you call this out here? 911: Courtyard. That's what we al- that's when the guy showed us the house, he said this is the courtyard {NW} so that's what I've called it ever since. I guess that's, probably what most people would call that nowadays. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about some a little room off the kitchen where you can store canned goods and extra dishes and things? 911: Hmm well in the kitchen what we had was a room called a pantry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: That was just kind of a great big walk-in closet, put all the food in it and stuff like that. #1 That what you talking about? # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 911: Yeah I would call it just a pantry. Now you talking about English or Spanish? Interviewer: English. 911: Oh okay. Interviewer: And if you have a two-story house, to get from the first floor to the second floor, you have? 911: Stairs. Interviewer: What about from the porch to the ground? 911: Outside? Interviewer: Uh-huh 911: Steps. Interviewer: And you said you had a lot of old, worthless things like broken chairs and things like that. 911: Junk Interviewer: Okay. Where would you store things like that, if you didn't wanna throw them away? 911: Put it in the attic, if I had one. That's what my mother's got. #1 Goes in the attic. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 911: Most houses down here nowadays don't have an attic, throw 'em in the garage {NW} 'til it fills up. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a junk room or lumber room? 911: Oh yeah, junk room, we got one here on that sketch there. Well we did have we used to use that other bedroom over here and we'd call it a junk room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Odd pieces of furniture and stuff like that that we didn't have any place else to put, put in the junk room and now we had to use it for a bedroom so we haven't got a junk room anymore. Interviewer: Uh, the covering on the house is called a? 911: You mean roof? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the things along the edge of the roof to carry the water off? 911: Gutters? Interviewer: #1 How are they- # 911: #2 Or drain pipe, # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 911: #2 you could do both. # Interviewer: What's- What's the difference? 911: I don't know I guess uh {NS} I think going back, I think I first used to hear about it and talk about it, would call it a drain pipe {NS} I think little by little it became talked with same as gutters but I don't know where we picked it up from. Even when I was a kid and even further along I remember always calling it a drain pipe. Interviewer: Is it built on or does it hang from the roof {NS} or is it built? 911: You mean attached to? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. How- # 911: #2 {D:Oh now} your talking bout that thing around there? # That's dr- to me that- my wife calls that a gutter, more often than not. And I'll call it a drain pipe more often than a dra- than- maybe it's a different part of the country I don't know, but you would just come at me real quick and say what's that thing water's coming through, I would say the drain pipe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} What about when you have a house in an L, the place where they come together, that low place would be a? 911: Where they come together? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 911: #2 In a house like this? # #1 I don't know what low place you're talking about # Interviewer: #2 {D: Well} d- do you ever hear of a valley or ally of a roof? # 911: Talking bout the gable? Interviewer: No the- #1 the place where the roofs join. # 911: #2 Like that lil- like up in there? # No. {NS} You gotta stand up and look and see if that's what your talking about right up there. Interviewer: #1 Nope. # 911: #2 Where they come in together? # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 911: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Okay so, 911: {NS} {D: want to turn that off and I pick-} Yeah it- {X} Huntsville Texas. Where'd my grandmother come from? She's born in Brownsville. born Yeah okay that's all just born in Brownsville. Uh where'd by grandfather {B} come from? He was born in Brownsville. And my grand- And my bo- all four like yeah okay. Yeah, well no don't go back to that. My grandfather {B} born in Brownsville and my grandmother was born in Brownsville and she was a {B} come with Zachary Taylor. Who? Well she was born there in Brownsville, that's all I need to know. Okay now my grandfather was a- one grandfather was an attorney. What'd my grandmother have? A high school education? Your mother. Well that's all, just has a high school education. Don't tell me all that. You gonna mess me up, she taught school with a high school education. Alight now my grandfather, {B}, he didn't have any college? Oh alright, he went to college in Spain. Well some kind of education in Spain. {NW} Well my grandfather {B} didn't have any college. My grandmother {B} Yeah Okay, that's all I need to know. Well I get 'em all confused. I had it down here pretty close you can see. Okay. Well I got my father's stuff all here and yours but she was wondering about the grandparents and I wasn't too sure. No, we don't need anymore than that. That's plenty. And somebody's trying to get of hold of me? Well, okay. Yeah. Yeah well pure stupid. Okay let me hang up here and take care of this young lady here. Alright bye. {NS} Oh I'll be right back. {NS} Huntsville. Interviewer: You- your grandfather. 911: That'd be my mothers, yeah my grandfather, {B} was born in Huntsville. Interviewer: #1 Huntsville Texas? # 911: #2 Yeah. # My grandmother was a {B} was born in Brownsville. Both of my grandparents on my father's side were born in Brownsville. And my grandfather on my father's side after he got far along here on his education they sent him back to Spain to finish it. Now she didn't know what type of education that. Told you she could tell me, but she was gonna elaborate on every point. I had to say no, just Interviewer: {NW}{NS} 911: Oh and my grandmother on my mother's side taught school {NS}. With a high school e-, yeah with a high school education. Can't do that anymore. 911: Let's see now you asked me something about where roofs come together. You talking bout a peak? Or did we get past that? Interviewer: Well, I was wondering if you'd heard of a valley or alley of a roof but- 911: An alley? Interviewer: I don't think they build that- 911: No. Interviewer: that kind of house around here. Did you ever live in a house um that had a fire place in it? 911: This one has, it's the only one I've ever lived in that had a fire- well no wait a minute. Well the house my mother lives in now had a fire place but we never used it and we tiled it in and fixed it up, just put a you know regular heater in it, didn't fool with the fireplace. This one's got a fire place but I'm too lazy to fool with the wood, so we don't use this one either. Interviewer: You know on the fire place, the thing that the smoke goes up through:Chimney. 911: Chimney Interviewer: Okay What about the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace? 911: Hearth- hearth? Hearth, how you pronounce it? Interviewer: #1 Which sounds more natural to you? # 911: #2 I don't know, I never use it. # hmm {NW} Hearth I guess {D: although I} you hit me with a good one there, I've never thought about that. Interviewer: What about- 911: I usually probably would say right in front of the fire place Interviewer: #1 What about- # 911: #2 that's {NW} # Interviewer: What about the things that you you lay the wood across on the? They're metal- 911: Yeah I know what you're talking about but I uh 911: What the andirons is that what they call 'em? Okay. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Okay. Interviewer: And the thing up about the fireplace, the? 911: Mantle piece? Interviewer: Okay. And if you were gonna start a fire, what kind of wood would you use? 911: Around here? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Mesquite. Interviewer: What else? 911: What other kind of wood? Interviewer: Did you ever hear a name for the kind of wood you can use? 911: Firewood? Interviewer: Mm-hmm but for starting it? 911: No. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever hear of kindling- # 911: #2 Oh okay kindling, yeah # Interviewer: What is kindling? 911: Well it's a little bitty piece, what you mean, what kind of wood is it? Or what is it? mm Interviewer: Yeah what is it does it have to be one certain kind of wood or is it- 911: I don't know. That's why I've never fooled with a fireplace. Interviewer: {NS} Did you think of it as small pieces? 911: Small chips of wood that'll catch fire easier than the big ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about taking a big piece of wood and setting that toward the back of the fireplace and maybe it would burn all night. You'd call that the? 911: What would I call a big piece of wood? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 911: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression of backlog or back stick? 911: Not used like that, no. Interviewer: But have you ever heard 911: Well I heard uh, I've heard the word backlog used in like in orders, in business. I've got a backlog of orders. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 911: #2 But I never heard it used in terms like we talking bout there in the fireplace. # Interviewer: What about um the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 911: Soot soot. Interviewer: Which- 911: Soot, I guess, yeah. Interviewer: And what you shovel out of the fireplace? 911: Ashes. Interviewer: And talk about things that you'd have in a room. The thing that I'm sitting in would be a? 911: Chair. Interviewer: What about something that two or three people could sit on? 911: A couch? Interviewer: #1 Okay. Any other names for that? # 911: #2 Sofa, divan. # Ones I'd use most would be couch and sofa. Interviewer: Is there any difference? 911: Not to me. Interviewer: #1 How about the word divan does that sound- # 911: #2 I never # use it much. I don't know it just couch and sofa are easier to say. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: I guess I use couch more than anything. Interviewer: What um about something- a little room off the bedroom where you can hang your clothes? 911: Closet. Interviewer: Okay. What about a uh- 911: Or a dressing room but closet I guess. Interviewer: And a place something that has drawers in it for keeping your clothes in? 911: Chest of drawers. Interviewer: Okay, anything else? 911: Or a dresser. Interviewer: Is there a difference? 911: Well you usually look at chest of drawers as maybe having six drawers in it and you know tall, no mirror. And a dresser to me has drawers in it and has a mirror on top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something that you can hang your clothes up in that- that also has drawers maybe? 911: Oh yeah, I don't know what you'd call it. Uh. I know in the old days they had something, but I don't think this what you're talking about, they call it a high boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: But I don't think that's what you're talking about is it? Interviewer: What'd the high boy look like? 911: Well seems to me a high boy was just a big tall dresser, had a mirror on top of it and bunch of drawers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: And a bi- little bitty mirror up at the top. Interviewer: What about the thing that- that had rod though for hanging clothes up in? 911: A closet? Interviewer: #1 Well- a piece of furniture. Uh-huh. # 911: #2 Or or a piece of furniture? A wardrobe? # Interviewer: Any other name for wardrobe? 911: Nah I can't think of it. Now you pop me with it and I might remember it but I always say- My grandparents had three four of them, they're great big things Interviewer: What- 911: They didn't have closets, they had these big pieces of furniture, must of been oh I guess you couldn't get 'em in these new houses. They must have been ten feet tall-eight or ten feet tall. They were wide they had doors and mirrors on the inside of the doors and we called them wardrobes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Do you ever hear of chiffonier or chiff- # 911: #2 Yeah. Yeah, okay, I told you if you'd say it, I'd remember it. # But uh, chiffonier I don't think, no, I don't know that we called those great big ones that {X} call those wardrobes. But I heard, you know, my grandparents and all that- haven't heard that in a long time, chiffonier, but the minute you said it I remembered it but I don't remember what piece of furniture exactly they used in connection with. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the term armor or armoire? 911: Yeah but let me think about it, let me think- think a minute what the armoire. Okay I got one in the other room. That's- or are you talking about something that's similar to wardrobe. This thing that I call an armoire 911: but {NS} Grandfather {B} graduated from Saint Joseph's academy in Brownsville and then went to Fordham University and then went to Spain and polished off his education and then {C: tape distortion} came back. So I guess he spoke pretty good English, I just didn't remember. And my grandmother {B} graduated from the convent here in Brownsville. It's not there anymore. Interviewer: Sounds like your mother really keeps up with- 911: Oh she's got it all. Tell you what, you want something on the old families round here, she's the one that can give it to you if you wanted that. Okay, you asked me about armoire. Interviewer: Uh-huh 911: Now it's got two doors that open up. It's about four or five- bout five feet across and the top has two doors you open up, it's got some drawers in there and two big open spaces at the top. {NS} And it's got one big drawer at the bottom that you don't have to open the doors to get to. Now that, I call an armoire. Interviewer: #1 Can you hang things up there? # 911: #2 No. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} {NS} And something on um, on rollers, that you can hang in a window and pull down to keep out the light 911: A shade. Interviewer: Okay. And a woman would say, if her house was in a big mess, you'd say she had to 911: Clean house. Interviewer: Okay, and the things that she could sweep with? 911: A broom. Interviewer: And if the broom was in the corner and the door was open so the door was sort of hiding the broom, you'd say the broom was? 911: Behind the door. Interviewer: And years ago, on Monday, when we would get the dirty clothes together and- 911: Wash day. Interviewer: Huh? 911: #1 Wash day. # Interviewer: #2 Okay, you say to do the- # 911: Laundry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm did people used to the use the word 'laundry' as much as they do now. 911: No I think you used to the use the word 'wash' more than laundry. I do the wash. {NS} Wash the clothes. Interviewer: Then after they washed them, they do the? 911: Ironing. Interviewer: {NS} There's a big black thing that people used to have a long time ago out in the yard to heat up water to boil the clothes in. 911: Well you going back before my time I hope I don't look that old. I guess maybe the call it a wash tub. Interviewer: Uh-huh You never saw one of those? Interviewer: {X} 911: that golf tournament they had some films of us winning it yesterday Interviewer: How long was that th- the two-day? 911: Three. Interviewer: #1 Three days- # 911: #2 Four, four. # Interviewer: Four days? 911: Mm One day of practice round, and three days of play. Interviewer: {NS} The one that was {NS} {D: the spectacle brought over} 911: Oh we played, we played one round in Brownsville. {C: tape distortion} They got three courses and we played on a different course everyday. {NW} Interviewer: Congratulations. 911: Thank you Interviewer: If you have um you know some houses have boards {NS} on the outside that lap over each other. 911: Siding. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to heat up tea you heat up water to make hot tea and you heat it up in a? Interviewer: The thing that has the spout to it. 911: Yeah I just- the word, that what I'm gonna say I wanna say is a steam kettle. Thats- oh that's going back a ways. {NS} I guess they still call it that I don't know. I don't, we don't use it but I guess if I had to use it, I'd call it a {NW} steam kettle I guess. Interviewer: Do you ever hear that um that washtub called a kettle? 911: Yeah, a big black tub was referred to as a kettle. Interviewer: You never really saw anyone? 911: No you I think you're going you're a little bit further, little behind, going back a little far. Interviewer: What if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd ask someone to? 911: Close the door. Interviewer: Or another word you could use? 911: Shut the door. Interviewer: And were to hang up a picture, you'd take a nail and a? 911: Hammer. Interviewer: Say I took the hammer and I what the nail in? 911: Well there's a bunch of them {NW} Interviewer: Well you say, I got in my car and I what to town? 911: Drove to town. Interviewer: Okay. 911: That's what I was looking for, drove the nail or nailed it. What'd you do? I nailed a nail in the wall, nail it. Interviewer: {D: would-} you'd say um I've never what a car? 911: Wrecked. Interviewer: Or I've never? 911: Driven. Interviewer: Okay. You say he doesn't know how to? 911: Drive. Interviewer: {NW} And a little building that could be used for storing wood you call that a? 911: Woodshed. Interviewer: #1 What about a place for tools? # 911: #2 Toolshed. # Interviewer: And, before they had, indoor toilets the buildings they had out in the yard, they call the? 911: Well we call 'em lots of things but I guess mostly call it uh I guess most common I heard, and this you going way back too for me, but I guess you call it outdoor toilet or an outhouse. Interviewer: Any other terms, joking terms, or sort of crude terms people use? 911: {NW} out- outhouse, outdoor toilet. What do they call it a uh a um what'd they call it, Ms. Jones? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 911: #2 That one of 'em? # I guess that's Interviewer: How does that sound to you? does that- sound kind of funny or did it- 911: Yeah I don't know where they'd ever get that from I don't remember ever using it now you I've never used one but uh, I guess most common name I heard put to it was outhouse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm have you ever been around a farm much? Did- #1 Did your parents ever raise # 911: #2 No. Well yeah we had about # five thousand acres. {NW} We didn't farm it, we had it far- you know leased out, {NW} but we o- had to oversee it. Interviewer: mm 911: But there weren't buildings on it or anything like that we didn't live out there we just go out my granddaddy used to go out and check on it and then after awhile, {NW} my father did it. Interviewer: Have you ever been interested in ranching yourself? 911: No not as such, I thought at one time I thought that I wouldn't mind trying to farm a piece of land but uh I never did get interested enough in it to do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm There's on a farm that the big building where you could store hay in? 911: A barn. Interviewer: Okay. What about the upper part of the barn where you can keep the hay? 911: The loft? Interviewer: Okay. And, this is going back before your time, but um a long time ago before they um bailed the hay when they they cut the hay and they let it {D:lie out} in the field and dry 911: mm Interviewer: and they'd rake it up into small piles. Did you ever hear a name for those small piles they'd rake up? 911: Well the only word I can think of and I don't know if this what they call it or not, it'd be bundles. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: Don't know that they ever used it uh I know what you're talking about but I don't know, if that's not the right word I guess that what's I call it, unless there's a name for it and I don't know it. Interviewer: What about a- a way of keeping hay outside if you didn't had- if you had too much to put in the barn you can leave it outside and 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever see something that would be- they'd put pole on the ground and then have it up like that? {NS} Did you ever hear of a stack or rick or mow of hay? 911: Mm-mm Interviewer: And if you cut the hay off a piece of land and enough grows back the same year, so you can cut it again. You'd call that a? 911: {NW} Uh {NW} {NS} yup You- I know what you're talking about but I can't think of the word. Well uh- we do it with grain sometime we call it that going back and doing the second cutting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: The second, the second mowing or second cutting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What kind of grain is is grown around here? 911: Uh, mostly sorghum. Interviewer: Um What use? 911: For feed. Cattle feed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And a building where you can store corn would be called a 911: Well there aren't any of them around here but I think you're talking about a silo aren't you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever hear of a crib or a corn barn or a corn house? 911: Uh-uh. Interviewer: What about a place for grain? 911: Well I guess maybe I was wrong. Maybe a silo would be a place for grain no? Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever use the term grainery or granary? 911: Mm well I've heard but I've never used it, I never uh Interviewer: What did you hear it called? 911: Well I've heard the word you used there, grainery or whatever. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: But I don't even know what I have no idea what it would be. Whether that's where you take it or that's where you store it or what. I don't know, I never fooled with it that much. Interviewer: You wouldn't know what it looks like or anything? 911: No {NS} Interviewer: And uh what different animals would there be on a farm? 911: Down here? Interviewer: Yeah. 911: Mostly cows pigs chickens, and goats. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Where would the cows be kept? 911: Usually in the barn if you're lucky. A lot of cows down here just left loose with a little covered shelter there's just not a whole lot of- mostly down here there's not that you know big of heard of cows as to have barns keep uh a few cows {NW} {D: usually got} just whole bunch of them and just turn them loose. There aren't in this {NS} that I know of down here, there just aren't these great big barns and you have you know ten, twelve, fifteen cows in there. I don't know of any. Interviewer: {NS} Where-why not? {D: um} {X} Where? 911: Well I think, like I say, usually the ones that come to my mind that got anywhere from a hundred cows on up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: and uh, just not any barns that size. Interviewer: What about a the covered shelters that you mentioned, any special name for that? 911: Well let's see. {NW} Oh feeding pen, something like that, it's just a long trough with food and water in it, stuff like that, it's got a little cover over it. Really won't give 'em any shelter if it's raining or something like that usually just to cover up food and water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Where are pigs kept? 911: In uh, let me see, pigsty? Or pen. Yeah I guess down here I'd usually call it a pig pen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} what about chickens? 911: In a hen house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Any other place? # 911: #2 Or coop, # chicken coop. Interviewer: What does that look like? 911: Well I I guess just mostly ones I remember had uh {NS} mostly wire on all some of 'em had wood on one side if it's built up against something and then wire on three sides. And saw of them that had a roof and just wire all the way around, no floor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Where- What were they used for? To keep just all the chickens in there or- 911: Yeah, they're laying hens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a hen on a nest of eggs? She'd be called a? 911: She'd be called a hen. Laying hen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of setting hen or brooder hen? 911: I've heard of brooder hen but I don't know what it means. {NW} Interviewer: What about um when you're eating chickens, a bone like this? 911: The breast. Interviewer: Well the- 911: Oh that bone? #1 Wish # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 911: bone. Interviewer: #1 Any stories about that? Or- # 911: #2 Well you # somebody grab a hold of each end of it and whoever gets the {NS} the long piece when it snap will tell the wish come true. Interviewer: Does that work? 911: Well I guess I've done it a few times, but I don't ever remember it happening. Interviewer: {NW} If you wanted to make a hen start laying, what could you put in the nest to fool her? 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Well say if you had a good set of dishes, your dishes would be made out of? 911: China. Interviewer: What about an egg made out of that? 911: Well I guess, I guess you're you're saying that she could take a china egg and put it in the nest, fool the hen. Maybe so, I I don't know about it. Interviewer: You never heard of that? 911: No. Interviewer: And the animals that people ride, they call those? 911: Horses. Interviewer: Where do they keep them? 911: {X} Well, I- here again I'd go back to just about the same thing as well in a barn. But here we go back to the same thing mostly as the cows, they mostly run loose Interviewer: Mm-hmm.{D: just in} 911: pastures. Interviewer: What about a- a fenced-in place around the barn where animals can walk around? 911: Corral? Interviewer: Do you ever hear another name for that? Like barnyard or cow lot? 911: Barn yard, yeah. Uh, barn yard. Interviewer: What's the difference? 911: Well I always look at a corral as a fenced-in place, not really too big. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: Barn yard, to- to me always meant uh well it could be a fairly good sized area all around say the house and the barn with chickens running around, and smaller animals. And corral to me was always a fenced place. Interviewer: Was it around the barn? the corral? 911: Uh-huh Interviewer: What about a fenced-in place out in the pasture where you could leave the cows overnight for milking? 911: Now you got me there, I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a milk gap or a cow pen? 911: No. Interviewer: And if you have a- a lot of uh a place that has a lot of milk cows and they sell the milk and butter, they call that a? 911: Dairy. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of the word dairy used to mean anything else besides a commercial farm like that? 911: I don't think so. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people talk about how they used to keep milk and butter before they had refrigeration? 911: Yeah milk and butter what I can't remember, I kno- uh I've heard it, in the old days how they kept the stuff from spoiling, but I don't remember. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people storing potatoes or turnips during the winter. 911: You mean in- here we're in the old days huh? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Uh yeah I guess. I don't know what you're looking for here. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a potato bank or a potato {D: pup} 911: No. Interviewer: And if you wanted to break up the um ground for planting, you'd break it up with a? 911: Plow. Interviewer: Were they different kinds of plows? 911: Well uh I don't remember the kind that's usually pulled with a horse. As far back as I can remember, they've always been mechanical. I guess a different type- you talking about different type attachments to it Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 911: #2 disks # and things like that Interviewer: What about something that has a lot of teeth in it and break up the- the clogs of dirt. 911: Yeah, but I don't remember. #1 If you tell me, I'll remember but I can't call the word. # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever hear of a harrow or harrow? # 911: Probably, but it doesn't #1 but uh # Interviewer: #2 Which- # #1 Which have you heard it called? # 911: #2 I guess a harrow. Harrow rang a bell. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm you- not sure what it looks like though? {NS} 911: {NS} Well it's probably a thing with teeth that you use to break up the ground. But I'm not sure, no. Interviewer: #1 {NS}When you're plowing, the trenches that are cut by the plow you call- # 911: #2 {D: You talk-} # Rows? #1 Or a- # Interviewer: #2 What? # Huh? 911: A row? Interviewer: Or another name? 911: Um Interviewer: What about the fur- 911: Furrow. Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} When you're {NS} plowing with two horses, uh did you ever hear the name of the one that walks in the furrow? 911: No. Interviewer: And {NS} Say if um if you were raising cotton, you'd say you raised a big? 911: {NS} Crop? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And {NS}cotton would grow out in a? 911: Field. Interviewer: What if you were {NS} growing something though {NS} #1 well just a little something like {NS}sweet potatoes, {NS} you wouldn't call it a field they were growing in # 911: #2 Garden. # Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear of a patch or a lot? 911: I've heard of patch, yeah. Interviewer: What'd you think of a patch as? 911: Well it's just small. {NS} Kind of a small area, potato {NS} patch or {NS} vegetable patch {NS} something like that I usually ordinarily I'd think of that somebody might have a big house or a big yard and it'd grow at the backyard, just #1 be a small like a # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 911: #1 {NS} ha- garden {NS} around the house. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: When you're raising cotton um you know you have to go out and take a ho and sort of thin the cotton out what do you say you're doing? 911: Well there's {NS} #1 a couple {NS} of words there, weeding {NS}is one. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 911: {NS} Uh {NS} {NS} I guess I've always called it or thought of it as just weeding through weeding out the cotton. Interviewer: Do {NS} you ever hear the expression chop cotton or scrape cotton? 911: I heard chop cotton. Interviewer: What is that? 911: I don't know. I've heard it used they talk about go out there and chop the cotton. I don't know if that's the same thing as taking the leaves off of it or not I would call it defoliating Interviewer: Mm-hmm How's it done? 911: Now they do it plain {NS} Just like dusting it for insects, it dusts the stuff over and it burns off the leaves. Interviewer: Does your uh- do your father's family had land? 911: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Do they still? # Have the land? 911: Got very little. Most of the land that we had are where those country club's are being built now. Golf courses. Interviewer: So no one does anymore ranching or- 911: No. We've got about eight or nine hundred acres twenty miles up the river road and a guy farms it and just we get a I think it's a fourth of whatever he gets off the crops. Interviewer: What does he raise? Uh grain and cotton. Mm-hmm 911: I don't know whether he does- he used to do some vegetables- I don't know whether or not he does anymore. If he did, it'd be tomatoes Interviewer: Mm-hmm what kinds of grass grow up in the cotton field? that you don't water? 911: Johnson grass? Interviewer: Mm-hmm Anything else? 911: Just call 'em weeds, I don't know if there's another particular name for it or not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And what kinds of fences uh do people used to have or would they have now? 911: Barbed wire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: Barbed wire, or barb wire. Interviewer: {NW} which do you call it? 911: Oh I kind of slur it around. I guess barbed wire mostly. Interviewer: When you're setting up a barbed wire fence, you have to dig holes for the? 911: Posts. Interviewer: Okay. You'd- take the wire and nail it to a? 911: To the post? Interviewer: Okay. Just one of those, you'd call it one? 911: One post? Interviewer: And what about uh a fence that a wooden fence you could see around someone's yard that maybe came up pointed sort of? 911: Picket fence. Interviewer: Okay. Are they woven together or nailed? 911: Mm I think mo- {NW} the old days you'd see more put together with wire. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 911: #2 They were wired together, # strand of wire at the top and one down close to the bottom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh see now you see a lot of 'em different style, not the same as picket fences I used to see as a kid, now they're they're higher and the pickets are wider and they usually nailed on to uh two-by-fours. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 But I don't see any that are red picket fences anymore like I did years back. # Interviewer: Did you ever see a a fence that would go-made of boards- that'd go in and out like this? 911: Kinda woven together? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Out of cedar Interviewer: What was that called? 911: I don't know, I'd just call it- I don't know what I'd call it. Uh I think somebody called it once, kind of like a basket weave or something like that {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a rail {NS} fence or a chain fence or- or a stake and rider fence? Does that- 911: #1 Chain, out of that wood? # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 911: No, to me a chain fence is that you know that metal stuff, some people call 'em hurricane fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock? 911: Brick wall? No, not a brick wall. You talking about stone? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: I don't know. Interviewer: You never saw one like that? 911: I don't think so. Interviewer: And something you'd use to carry water in? 911: Bucket. Interviewer: Okay, what's that made out of? 911: Tin. Interviewer: What about something similar to that made out of wood? You'd call it a? 911: Well I guess, I'd probably still call it a bucket. I guess {NS} {D: used to} call it a pail uh? Maybe they still do. I'd just probably call it a bucket. Interviewer: What's the difference to you between a bucket and a pail? 911: Uh I guess if sat down and defined it, and wanted to use as what you'd call proper, you'd call the wooden one the bucket and the metal one the pail uh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I'd probably call them both buckets. {NW} Interviewer: What about the thing that people carry food to the pigs in? 911: {NW} I don't know, I've never done it. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a slop bucket or swill pail or? 911: Swill pail probably. #1 But I never been around pigs {NW} {NS} that much {NS}. # Interviewer: #2 And something you'd fry eggs, you'd call? # 911: Frying pan. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 911: Skillet. Interviewer: What's the difference? 911: Well to me it's pretty much the same thing. Here again I go back to uh My wife would call it a skillet more often than anything else, I call it a frying pan. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: To me it's the same thing. Interviewer: The thing you put flowers in, if you cut some flowers. 911: A vase. Interviewer: What about if they were growing in the house? 911: A pot. Interviewer: Okay. And if you were setting the table the eating utensils, you'd give everyone? 911: Which- Which utensils? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Knife and a fork and a spoon Interviewer: And if you served steak and it wasn't very tender, steak? 911: Steak knife. Interviewer: Or several steak? 911: Steak knives. Interviewer: Okay. And if the dishes were dirty, you'd say you have to go? 911: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: And you say, after she washes the dishes, then she? 911: Drys 'em. With clear water- Interviewer: {NW} How in just one year, she started 911: No about two I guess. Two, year and a half, bout two years I guess she's figured she better just join because she couldn't beat me but she used to say I used to say go get the dog and she said what dog {NW} She said I'll go get the dog Now it's a dog {NW} Interviewer: You don't think she's influenced you? 911: No, don't think so Unless you hear something coming out that doesn't sound Texas. Interviewer: {NW} #1 Um you say # 911: #2 Yeah I've # just always talked just slow and {NS} and drawlish. {D:She used to laugh} {D: Now I met} when I met her brother, he talks the same way and they just had a big laugh over the way I talk. They thought it was something else. I was laughing at them I didn't understand half of what they said. Interviewer: {NW} Where Where's she from again? 911: Indiana. Interviewer: Where in Indiana? You- 911: Up around Fort Wayne. Little place called Bluffton. Interviewer: Have you ever been up there? 911: No. Not yet but I suppose I'll have to one of these days. Her parents have been down here. They came down here last October and stayed about a month with us. They got a kick out of the they way I talk too I thought I don't think I could sound terrible coming out of here cause I've done some of this stuff before and then when they play it back, I think, Lord, that can't be me, but it is. Interviewer: {NS} Um you said af- after she washes the dishes, then she? 911: Dries 'em. Interviewer: Or in clear water? 911: Rinses 'em. Interviewer: Hmm? 911: Rinses 'em. Interviewer: And the cloth or rag you use when you're washing dishes? 911: Dishcloth. Interviewer: What about when you're drying them? 911: Well here you get into dishcloth or dishrag. I guess uh you use the word dishrag in in referring to the cloth that you dry 'em with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh I don't know what you'd what you'd pin down to the one you'd dry 'em with I guess dishcloth. Interviewer: Is Cloth? 911: I don't know ever using the word What's the first one you asked me about there dish- Interviewer: Well when you first of all when you're washing and then when you're drying them 911: When you're drying 'em you dry 'em with a dishcloth. Interviewer: Uh-huh what about when you're washing 'em? 911: Well I guess I don't remember using anything to- like that to to wash 'em with Uh I guess it's be dishrag that little Dobie you use in there to scrape 'em off with. Interviewer: Okay. What about the thing you use to bathe your face with? 911: Washrag. Interviewer: And to dry yourself with? 911: Towel. Interviewer: And If you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a? 911: Funnel. {NS} Interviewer: And um something that if you were uh wanted your horse to go faster, you could hit him with a 911: With a whip? Interviewer: And if an electric lamp wasn't burning, you have to screw in a new? 911: Bulb. Interviewer: What kind of bulb? 911: Light bulb. Interviewer: And to carry the clothes out to hang 'em on the line, you carry them out in a clothes 911: Basket. Interviewer: And a long time ago people would take corn to the mill to be ground, did you ever hear an expression related to the amount of corn that they'd take at one time? 911: No. I don't think so Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a turn of corn? 911: No. Interviewer: What about if someone got as much as wood as he could carry? They say he had a? In his arms you'd say 911: Armload. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And on a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood you'd say he just had a? 911: Half a load? Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression jag of wood? 911: No. Interviewer: And say the man had a load of wood in his wagon as he was driving along, you'd say that he was 911: Excuse me, run that back. Interviewer: If someone had a load of wood in his wagon and he's driving along, you'd say he's 911: Driving his wagon? Interviewer: Okay Or he's what what he's 911: Hauling wood. Interviewer: And If there was log across the road, you'd say I tied a chain around it and we what it out of the way? 911: We uh dragged it out of the way. Interviewer: Mm-kay you'd say we have what many logs out of the road? 911: We dragged a lot of logs out of the road. Interviewer: Okay and you have to tie a chain around it in order to? 911: Drag it. Interviewer: {NS} And {NS} you open a bottle and wanted to close it back up you'd stick in a? 911: Cork. Interviewer: What if it's uh made out of glass you'd call it a? 911: Stopper. Interviewer: And something that a musical instrument you'd blow on like this. 911: Harmonica {NS} Interviewer: Any other names for that? 911: Yeah, harmonica or a mouth organ. Interviewer: What about the one like this? 911: Jew's harp. Interviewer: And something that um you could use for chopping a log X-shaped frame you could set the log in 911: With a X shape? Interviewer: Yeah 911: I don't know Interviewer: what about the thing carpenters use? with the A- A-frame? 911: Oh the uh saw horse? Interviewer: Okay, any other name for that? 911: No I've always called it a saw horse Interviewer: What about the Spanish name for that? 911: I don't have any idea. Interviewer: You ever heard of burro? {C: Spanish} bur 911: Oh yeah okay, burro {C: Spanish} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: Um I guess I have heard it called that I just I didn't think of it when you mentioned it but Interviewer: Would you call it that yourself? 911: I guess if I was communicating with a carpenter in Spanish and stopped to think about it I'd come up with that {NS} Uh I'd just call it a saw horse eh you know Interviewer: And something you put in a pistol would be a? 911: Bullet. Interviewer: Or another name for that? 911: Another name for bullet? Slug. Interviewer: What about the after you've you shot out the metal thing that's left? 911: Cartridge. Interviewer: Okay and you'd straighten your hair using a comb and a? 911: Brush and if you were gonna use that you'd say you were going to? Comb your hair. Interviewer: Or 911: Comb my hair Interviewer: Or what your hair? 911: Brush my hair. Interviewer: And you sharpen a straight razor using a leather 911: Yeah it's a strap stripe {NS} I don't know {X} you going back on me again now a leather stripe? Stripe I guess. Interviewer: Uh-huh. what about the thing you'd sharpen a small knife on? 911: {D: Hone?} Uh um {NS} What'd you call it? Stone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what kind of stone 911: Uh yeah I knew {NS} you were gonna ask me that um whetstone. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about the thing that turns around that you'd sharpen an ax or something big on? 911: Same thing, isn't it? I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a grind? 911: Grindstone? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Is that same thing to you? I guess I'd probably call a whetstone {D: was it} {D: if I'm} thinking about it Grindstone, I don't think I've ever heard it called that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And something that children play on that take a board and it goes up and down 911: See-saw. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 911: Teeter totter. Interviewer: Which have you heard the word teeter totter around here much? 911: No not very much. See-saw. Interviewer: Where'd you hear teeter-totter? 911: {NW} I don't have any idea, it just came out {NS} you said any other names. Must of heard it somewhere but to me, it's just plain old see-saw. Interviewer: Uh-huh if you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were? 911: See-sawing Interviewer: And Something that you take a board and fix in the and it spins around and around 911: I know what we talking about, don't know what to call it You not talking about a merry-go-round. Interviewer: Well, it's like a merry-go-round, only it's homemade. 911: Yeah I know uh but I don't know what you'd call it Interviewer: Did you ever heard of a flying Ginny or a ridey-horse or whirly-gig? 911: No. Interviewer: And you take a long uh rope and tie it to a tree limb and put a seat on it and a make a? 911: Swing. Interviewer: And something that um you'd take a board and fix it down at both ends children would jump up and down in the middle 911: Oh a board? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever heard of a joggling board or bouncing board? 911: No. Interviewer: And a thing you could use to carry coal in? 911: No, I don't have any idea. Coal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: I don't know. Interviewer: What about the thing that runs through the stove to the chimney? 911: From the stove to the chimney Interviewer: Like, you've seen those old-fashioned stoves 911: You talking about stove pipe? Interviewer: Okay what does the stovepipe fit into? 911: At the top or the bottom? Interviewer: At the top. 911: I don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of the expression {D: flu} 911: Yeah I've heard it I didn't know I ne- probably sat here all night and not thought of it of thought of it in connection with that stove pipe Interviewer: What do you mean? 911: I don't know. When you mentioned it, I knew right away what- if you had used the word to me I'd known what your talking about but I just a word that I never use and it's you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm But you'd call that the? 911: What you talking about there? That flu deal? {NW} Yeah I guess so. But I never would get it out on my own. Interviewer: {NW} And if you wanted to move bricks or something heavy like that, something that has a little wheel in front? 911: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. any other names for that? 911: I don't think so. Interviewer: Did you ever hear Georgia buggy? 911: No. Interviewer: And the thing people drive nowadays? You'd call a? 911: Car. Interviewer: Any other names? 911: Automobile. Interviewer: And if something was squeaking to lubricate it, you'd say you had to? 911: Oil it. Interviewer: Or? 911: Grease it. Interviewer: Okay, you say yesterday he what the car? He 911: Greased the car. Interviewer: And if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all? 911: Greasy. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Greasy. Interviewer: And inside the tire of the car you have the inner? 911: Inner tube. Interviewer: And If your door was squeaky, you could put a few drops of 911: Oil Interviewer: And wha- what'd people used to burn in lamps? 911: Kerosene. Or oil. Interviewer: Huh 911: Oil? Interviewer: That's the same thing? 911: I don't think so. I'm more familiar with kerosene lamp you know you use it, still use it now taking lamps. {NW} Um the oil lamps to me are different, they were glass {NW} they're more glass {D: had the deed} on the top of 'em looks different. Kerosene lamp to me has got uh metal frame to it and why there's just something different {NS} between an oil lamp and a kerosene lamp. Interviewer: Do you ever see people make a lamp, using a rag, and a bottle, and some kerosene? 911: No. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a flambeau? 911: Uh-uh I thought you were describing a molotov cocktail. {NW} Interviewer: If someone had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water they'd you'd say they were going to? 911: Launch it. Interviewer: Okay. what different kinds of boats would people have around here? 911: Oh mostly uh Uh tha- that I am not a boater but uh mostly little motor boats and little fishing boats with outdoor motor on 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm any special names? For the fishing boats? 911: You mean the small ones? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: Nah there's, Call 'em boat boat and motor usually. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a rowboat or Jo- Oh rowboat, yeah 911: Yeah. Interviewer: What does a rowboat look like? 911: Well it's just is a lot smaller boat usually I guess, about ten to twelve feet long, with an oar on each side. Interviewer: Is it pointed or flat? 911: Yeah pointed at the front and squared off at the back. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a pirogue or bathtub? 911: No I think that's up in Louisiana isn't it? Interviewer: Have you 911: Never seen one, no I don't think Unless that's that flat bottom deal that slopped at the front and kind of you know, not pointed Interviewer: Uh-huh 911: That woul- that would be my impression of it Interviewer: Of the? 911: Pirogue. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 911: #2 Whatever you call it. # Interviewer: And if a child was just learning to dress himself, the mother would bring him the clothes and say 911: Put on your clothes. Interviewer: Or here? 911: Here are your clothes. Interviewer: And if you're taking a child to the dentist uh the dentist might say if the child was scared the dentist would say, you don't need to be scared, I what gonna hurt you 911: I'm not gonna hurt you. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word ain't? 911: Do I use it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Kidding around. I That's one thing they drummed into my head when I was growing up, that that was a very, very incorrect word. Now I'll uh like I say just kidding around as in fool you know as in horseplay I'll say well I, I ain't gonna do that. And I know I'm using that in a kidding way I just have always, it's one word that I've always felt was, you know drummed into my head, that's not correct. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You wouldn't ever just say 911: I wouldn't ever use it in any You know, normal conversation, serious conversation, I wouldn't use it, no. Interviewer: Uh-huh And if I ask you uh was that you I saw in town yesterday? You might say, no it? 911: No it wasn't. Interviewer: It wasn't 911: No it wasn't me. Interviewer: And If a woman wanted to a dress of a certain color, she's take along a little square of cloth to use as a? 911: Sample. Interviewer: And she sees a dress that she likes a lot, she says the dress was very? 911: Pretty. Interviewer: Or if it's even better than that she say it was just 911: Beautiful Interviewer: And what might she wear over her dress in the kitchen? 911: An apron. Interviewer: And to sign {NS} your name in ink, you'd use a? 911: Pen. {NS} Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place? 911: Pin. Interviewer: Do you pronounce those words the same? 911: I don't know did I? Pen, pin. Interviewer: What about soup that you buy, comes in a can made of? 911: Tin Interviewer: And a dime is worth? 911: Ten cents. Interviewer: And what would a man wear to church on Sunday? {NS} 911: Suit {NS} Interviewer: And if he just bought it be a brand? 911: Brand new suit. Interviewer: Do you remember the three-piece suit? 911: With a vest? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Well you kind of got some of those things going again haven't it? Pants, coat, and s- vest. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other name for pants? 911: Trousers, I never use it. Interviewer: What about the word britches? 911: I use it kidding around, but I don't use it very often. I never use it when I'm just- there again you know, really seriously communicating, it's pants. Britches I might say, scared the britches off of me but that's strictly then just you know, what do you call it? Uh uh expression or just uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: use it that way. Interviewer: What about something that uh farmers used to wear that 911: Overalls? Interviewer: Uh-huh and if you went out side without your coat and you wanted it you'd say go inside and what me my coat? 911: Get me my coat. Interviewer: And what it to me? 911: Bring it to me. Interviewer: So you say, so then he 911: Got his coat Interviewer: And 911: Put it on. Interviewer: No and what it to me? 911: Oh he got my coat and brought it to me. Interviewer: And he'd say, here I have what you your coat? 911: Brought you your coat. You thought I was gonna say brung didn't you? {NW} Interviewer: Do you hear people say {NS} that around here? 911: No not really I don't brung Interviewer: Just kidding around? 911: Kidding around there again but I don't know that I even use that, I've heard it, but I don't know that I've ever heard anybody using it serious like Interviewer: Uh-huh and you said that coat won't fit this year, but last year it? 911: Fit. Interviewer: And if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets, it makes them 911: Bulge. Interviewer: And you say the shirt used to fit me 'til I washed it and it 911: Shrunk. Interviewer: And every shirt I've watched recently has 911: Shrank. Interviewer: And I hope this shirt doesn't 911: Shrink. Interviewer: And if a woman likes to put on good clothes, you'd say she like to? 911: Dress up. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 911: Yeah, I think so. Interviewer: What about if a woman likes to stand in front of a mirror and 911: Primp Interviewer: Okay Anything else you'd say? 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? That a man likes to primp? 911: Eh I guess so what's he doing? He's up standing in front of that mirror primping, I guess so. Interviewer: Does it sound different when you say it about a man to- 911: No, not really Interviewer: What would you call a man who primps a lot? 911: {NW} You better not put that on tape {NW} um I don't know, a man that primps a lot, I never fooled around with that kind. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression jelly bean? 911: No. Interviewer: Or 911: In terms of talking about a man? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Jelly bean. I don't know somebody told me that guy's a jelly bean, I figure he's a sissy Interviewer: {NS} 911: That's the only- I never- I don't think I've ever heard it used before Interviewer: Uh-huh And something you can carry coins in would be called a? 911: Coins Interviewer: Uh-huh or carry change in? 911: Purse. Interviewer: Huh? 911: A purse. Interviewer: And stuff that a woman wears around her neck? lot of 911: Necklace. Interviewer: Or things strung up together? 911: Beads. Interviewer: Okay, you'd call that a? What of beads? 911: String of beads. Interviewer: And something that she'd wear around her wrist? 911: Bracelet. Interviewer: And something men used to wear to hold up their pants? 911: Suspenders. Interviewer: Any other name? Do you ever hear galluses? 911: No Interviewer: And what would you hold over you when it rains? 911: Umbrella. Interviewer: And the last thing you put on a bed, the fancy cover? 911: Bed spread. Interviewer: What about something that women used to make? 911: Quilt? Interviewer: Okay. And at the head of the bed, you put your head on a? 911: Pillow Interviewer: Do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow? 911: Twice as long as a pillow, one of them round things? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: I don't know what to call it though Interviewer: Do you ever hear of bolster? 911: No I don't think so. I know what you're talking about when you said that long thing it is I just didn't think of remember seeing one around my grandma's house, but don't remember- I don't know whether I've heard that word or not {NS} Interviewer: What about if you had a lot of company and you didn't have enough beds for everyone, for the children to sleep on, down on the floor you could make a? 911: Pallet. Interviewer: And something that um nowadays if you bought some groceries the grocers would put them in a? 911: Sack. Interviewer: Made out of? 911: Paper. Interviewer: What about something that flour used to come in? 911: Sack. Interviewer: Made out of? 911: Cloth. Interviewer: What if you bought um feed that would come in a? 911: Feed? Interviewer: Uh-huh that rough, brown material? 911: Burlap or gunny. Interviewer: Okay you'd call it a gunny? 911: Gunny sack. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 911: Tow sack gunny sack burlap bag. Interviewer: Which, would 911: I'd probably call it a gunny sac. Interviewer: What about tow sac? 911: {NS} tow sac? well that's usually, you get the feed in the burlap bag and you use it to haul something else around and they call it a tow sac {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Something that um people make out of sugarcane 911: That they make out of sugarcane? Interviewer: Yeah, besides sugar sticky liquid 911: Syrup. Interviewer: Any other name for syrup? 911: I don't think so. Interviewer: What about out of the sorghum? {NS} 911: Mm I guess syrup would be {NS} Interviewer: What about mol- mola- 911: Molasses? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the difference? 911: I don't like molasses. {NW} Uh molasses to me is well then again I just go back {NS} Molasses to me now we're talking about what they make or what they, what I think of them as? Syrup to me is a lighter color, tastes better, molasses is dark and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I don't know if that's what you're looking for or not. Interviewer: Do you ever hear them call long sweetening and short sweetening? 911: No. Interviewer: What about if you wanted to buy some molasses, what would it come in? 911: Bottle. I guess. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the term a stand of molasses? 911: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Or a stand of lard? # 911: Uh-uh. Interviewer: And something that uh flour used to come in if you buy it about a hundred pounds at a time. 911: Barrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And things that run around the barrel to hold the wood in place. 911: Uh. Hoops. Interviewer: Okay. What about something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in? 911: Keg. Interviewer: And on a beer keg, the thing you turn to get the beer out. 911: Spout. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about out on your yard the thing you hook your hose up to? 911: The faucet. Interviewer: And at the sink? 911: Faucet. Interviewer: And if you have a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses... {NS} 911: You tell me and I'll remember but I can't call it off hand. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a pole or tongue or 911: Tongue yeah, tongue okay. Wagon tongue, yeah. Interviewer: What about with a buggy, what do you have? 911: You got two don't ya? I don't know what you'd call 'em. Interviewer: Do you ever hear fills or shaves or drafts? 911: No. Interviewer: And the thing that connects one wheel to the other is called 911: Axle. Interviewer: Okay. And starting with the inside of the wagon wheel, you have the hub and the spokes come out and they fit into the 911: Well I always said the spokes fit into the hub. Interviewer: Well on the outside though, the What part of the wheel is connected to the ground? 911: Oh the uh I don't know what, I don't know what you'd call it. You talking about the whole wheel, I just called it the wheel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear of the rim or tire or felly? 911: Well I guess you call it a tire. I don't remember ever calling it a Like a wooden wheel I'd kinda just call it a wheel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's the tire made out of on the wagon? 911: Wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you have a horse hitched to a wagon, the bar of wood that the {D: trace} is fastened onto? 911: Well you lost me. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever hear # 911: #2 I don't know # that much about a wagon. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a singletree or whiffletree? 911: I've heard of the word singletree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you know what it meant? 911: Well talking about a wagon singletree I guess if what you're talking about that piece that comes out to hitch your mount to is that right? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Well that's where I've heard the word singletree, but I've never hitched up horses to a wagon. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of double singletree or doubletree or {X} 911: No. Interviewer: And you'd say we expected a big crop from that field because the soil is very... 911: Good. Interviewer: Or another word for that. 911: Fertile. Interviewer: And what different kinds of land do you have around here? 911: Different kinds of land? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: By classification, good and bad? Interviewer: What 911: Uh Fertile and salty That's the way I look at it around here. Interviewer: Any special names for kinds of soils? 911: Well you got uh You got river bottom Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And ebony It's called some ebony, a lot of ebony trees and it's it's pretty good salt, all that ebony, ebony dirt. Interviewer: What does it look like? 911: Well it's real soft and fine. And grows stuff real good. It's supposed to be {NS} kind of got a brown color to it and a lot {D: land on there is gray}. You know a salt in it, little hard to grow anything but junk like grass and scrub brush. Interviewer: What about the river bottom? 911: Well that's good too, that's probably the best there is for farming. Kind of a little sandy feeling to it, a fine {NS} Hello? Auxiliary: You want me to just keep your stuff on? 911: I'll be there in a minute. {NS} Interviewer: You want me to stop now? 911: No, how much more do you have to go? Interviewer: Well I can cut if off now if you want. 911: Yeah well what time is it? It's okay if she's got supper, it's got to be pretty close. Interviewer: Yeah. 911: Presidents had in my lifetime were Truman and Johnson. Interviewer: Most people around here liked Johnson. Pretty much I guess. 911: Well you know, It's all, Everybody around here knows that he stole his first election. Interviewer: How did he do that? 911: Jimmied up one of the ballot boxes. {NW} Came in about three hours later up there from around {NW} up somewhere, where was it? {NW} It's box thirteen in some county up west and north of here so for a long time they called him box thirteen Johnson. All the votes were in and he was about just a few behind and this one box didn't show up, didn't show up, and then about two or three hours later here comes that box and he wins by about eleven or fifteen votes or something like that. And everybody up there swears this stuff. {NS} Interviewer: This is for {NS} 911: Congress, yeah. {NS} Interviewer: Texas politics 911: Is dirty. Interviewer: It has a lot of machines, doesn't it? 911: They've cleaned out a lot of them with its pretty machine you know. Interviewer: What's it like round here? 911: Here in this town, it's small town nit-picking is what it is. Brownsville is cliquish. It's got little cliques. And it just depends, every so often, every few years one clicks in and the other one's out and the other one gets back in and the other one's out and they just swap people back and forth with the job and they, I guess it's just that way all over, I don't know the ins and the outs. {D: Brown} was pretty bad at one time they had some boys down there that were really knocking down money off contracts street contracts and such but uh Interviewer: Where was this Jim Wells from, was he from 911: Jim Wells Interviewer: Uh-huh. I think in the the twenties or thirties or something like that, did you ever hear anything about them? 911: Well there is a Jim Wells county. Interviewer: I think it's named after him. 911: Yeah. But I don't know who he is. Interviewer: Um we were talking yesterday about land what 911: Oh yeah okay. Interviewer: different types of land is out there? 911: You're asking? Interviewer: Yes. 911: Now where were we yesterday? You asked me about different kinds of land and I said uh river bottom, {D: soil and} ebony soil salty soil Interviewer: Did you ever hear one called loam or loom? 911: Loam. Uh {NS} Yeah. Normally would have I ever heard it, any specific dirt or land around here here uh I've heard of it referred to as a sandy loam. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Used the word loam in connection with the texture of it. I don't know whether that's correct or not Interviewer: What kind of, do you mean sandy? 911: Well Interviewer: Is 911: Well I've heard it used that way. and talking well I think, the way they, I've heard it around here you could, they would use it as a uh with an adjective in front of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: that could be good or bad. Most of 'em, probably forever used in connection with good because around here the stuff that's bad they just call it you know {NW} Prairie stuff, salty. Interviewer: What do you mean 911: For well Interviewer: What do you mean by prairie? 911: Mm the stuff you've driven through coming up here. Between here and Brownsville and it's got that little stubby stuff growing on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: That's about all that'll grow. Can kinda Oh bushy looking little stuff gets up about a foot high or so. Interviewer: Call the place a prairie then or so? Or would you just use it talking about the soil? 911: Well we refer to that soil down there we just call it just salty, alkaline, uh scrub brush called salt blights. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh There's a place out here, I don't know if it's going to go on the tape but there's a big area just like that out here they call it Jackass Prairie. Because years back I saw some people turning mules and things loose running around out there and it just wasn't good for anything. Well it's still there the same way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And just {D: was} salt, you can't grow anything on it. Interviewer: What would you call land that um it's a good grassland? But you can't grow a lot. 911: Round here? Interviewer: Uh-huh, or or anywhere. 911: Well now stuff like that around here grow grass and stuff like that probably called pasture land, a pasture. Interviewer: Do you ever talk about a meadow? Or bayou or? 911: Meadow, not around here. I don't think I've heard the word meadow used in connection with a piece of land down here. I've heard the word now, I mean I There's even songs written using you know, the word meadow but uh to me that's just a great big grassy, shady place, not farmland. And down here you talk about land used as evaluate in terms of cows or or crop, whether it's good or not good for that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Meadow to me is kind of a hilly, grassy nice shady place. And what was the second word you said? Interviewer: Bayou. 911: Why that's in Louisiana. That's with water isn't it? Interviewer: What 911: To me that's just a low, it's almost kind of swampy. I've never seen it but that's somebody's talking about a bayou, I think of Louisiana right away and think of those lowlands there with water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about lowlands around here with water. What would you call them? 911: {NW} Trying to think of one. Ah you know We don't have if you know how it's dry and here we've got well you know those are resacas. {C: Spanish} Interviewer: What's a resaca? {C: Spanish} 911: Well it's it's not a lake. Cause it's running water and it's long and narrow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: It's not a stream cause it's too big. Really what they are are offshoots of the Rio Grande River. They often come from or and feed from the Rio Grande. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: That's one width. When the river gets up high it feeds off into these resacas and they get bank full and sometimes they're down lower {C: Spanish} depending on how much water is in the river. I don't know exactly what you what English word you could put to resaca, {C: Spanish} lake doesn't fit it, stream, creek river, none of those fit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about ravine or hollow or gully? Do you ever use those words? 911: No, around here you'd be more likely to use the word arroyo. {C: Spanish} {NS} Interviewer: What's that? 911: Great big dry creek bed, well not again creek because it'll be a great big dry resaca bed. {C: Spanish} {NS} An arroyo is just like {C: Spanish} probably a ravine. Deep and of varying depths and uh usually water in it if it's been raining or if the river's flowing over, otherwise dry. Dry bed. Interviewer: Do people use the word ravine around here much? Or is that a word that you've read? 911: I don't think they use it around here much no. Ravine, that's uh I can't think of any place around here that I've heard anybody call it a ravine. I might, somebody might have called it a big arroyo up around {D: Honogen} {C: Spanish} a ravine, that probably, probably is one, which around here, just called an arroyo Colorado. {C: Spanish} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But it would be my My impression of a ravine if I was going to call it not, something other than an arroyo I guess I'd call that a ravine. Interviewer: You said arroyo Colorado? {C: Spanish} 911: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that the name of one? 911: That's the one that runs, big one that runs north of here otherwise. Got a little bit of water in the bottom of it, it's deep I guess it's from the highway, and from the road down it must be I guess seventy-five to a hundred feet deep. And then just a little trickle of water, just a little creek running along the bottom of it. Interviewer: Is there anything else there besides uh a creek or a river that when a resaca {C: Spanish} you know it would have running water in it? you could 911: Stream. Interviewer: What's the difference between a stream and a creek or? 911: Mm between a stream and a creek if I would tell you If you asked, if you asked me what the difference is in my mind, I'd say that a stream is bigger than a creek. Interviewer: Does the creek um always have water in it or? 911: No I'd say a creek could dry. Run dry. More, more often than a stream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Cause no you Cause around here, I don't know exactly where but they have dry creek beds. {NS} Different places around Texas, I've never heard of a dry stream bed I don't think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Heard of dry stream but I think that means just dried up for good, I think a creek can run dry and then water'll run back in. If it gets rainwater. {NS} Interviewer: What if you have um Some water that's flowing along and it, it drops off goes down to 911: Waterfall. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Waterfall. Interviewer: Okay. And a place where boats stop and freight's unloaded? 911: The dock. Interviewer: Anything else? 911: Port? Pier. Dock. Port. Pier. {X} Well the port's the whole thing. That's probably what I should have said the first place when you said where they come in and unload, they come to the port. Port comprised of docks, piers, and {D: wharf} Now I don't know any difference if they ask me, to describe that thing going out on the water on stilts, I'd call it a dock. Or a pier would be the two words I'd be most likely to use. Interviewer: The word port you wouldn't use much? 911: Probably would be the one I'd use last. Interviewer: This uh port Brownsville is it Do big ships come in there? 911: Yeah, big oil tankers to pick up cotton, pick up grain. Sometimes, sometimes lead and pipe stuff from Mexico. Things like that, a lot of grain. Interviewer: Mostly they're going to South America and Mexico? 911: Japan, a lot of it here goes out to Japan. Interviewer: How long has that port been there? Since you can remember or? 911: Well my grandfather and one of my great uncles had a lot to do with putting it in there. Now if you're going to ask me when, and I'm going to draw a complete blank. {NW} Uh. I think it was in the early thirties or late twenties when they really got it going. But I can't, I don't remember exactly. Interviewer: Uh do you ever talk about a swamp or a marsh or bog around here? 911: No, not around here. There's not such thing. Interviewer: Do you use any of those terms yourself? 911: Oh I know use the word swamp. But not in its correct form, usually hear it again kidding around. Uh got an example for ya. Oh it'd be like {X} I'm about to give you this might be a silly example, but like on a golf course, We're tromping around out there and the water's come up out of the resaca or something {C: Spanish} and it's where it shouldn't be. And it's up maybe a couple of inches and we would say Ah darn it, I'm stepping in a real swamp out here. You know. Just like that, there are no swamps or bogs or marches around here. Interviewer: What's the difference between a swamp and a bog and a marsh? 911: I don't know. Maybe they all the same thing I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something like that with saltwater in it? 911: With saltwater in it. I don't know. Interviewer: There's nothing like that around here? 911: No. Not that I can think of. Interviewer: And Say if you had some swampy land and you wanted to get the water off it, you'd say you wanted to do what to it? 911: Uh Well what I would first think of in my mind pump it off, I don't know if that's the word you're looking for Uh Go ahead, tell me, I'll recognize it. Interviewer: Well you dig something to 911: Oh uh Drain it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you dig to drain it all? 911: Well I'd call it a trench I imagine or a drain. Drainage canal, drain canal. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Or trench depending on the size of it. Interviewer: What if there had been a heavy rainfall and the water came out a little trench sort of, you'd call that a... 911: Mm. Big one, you'd call that a cut. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh I don't know, I, I vaguely know what you're talking about, the word or expression but I can't call it to mind. Interviewer: What about the things of the side of the road to carry the water off? 911: Drainage. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Bar ditch. Interviewer: Okay. A what? 911: Bar ditch. Interviewer: What do you mean bar? 911: I don't know, it's just an old thing, I haven't actually I used to always hear 'em bar ditches. Interviewer: What do they look like? 911: Just a little dugout just to The shallow place alongside the highway just to drain water. So the water will drain off the road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And a small rise in land, you'd call a 911: Small one? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Hill. Interviewer: Okay, any other names? 911: I don't think so. Interviewer: What about something bigger than a hill? 911: Mountain? Interviewer: Okay. And the rocky side of a mountain that drops off real sharp. 911: Cliff. Interviewer: And talking about several of those, 911: Cliffs. Interviewer: Okay. And a place up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place. Not not the valley but the the low place between mountains, you'd call that a 911: Mm you got me here, because you haven't seen any mountains round this part of the country, or could you be talking about a gorge? Interviewer: Okay. And On television, gun fighters, for every man they've killed, they've cut a little 911: Notch? Interviewer: Okay. And What are the names of some of the creeks or streams and things around here? 911: {NW} Well the only one I can think of in When you're talking about creeks or streams it'd be that of the Orroyo Colorado. Uh, those resacas are named, there's uh {C: Spanish} uh Resaca de la Guerra {C: Spanish} Mm fooey There's another one, there's two big ones and that's the biggest one there. There's Resaca de Rancho Viejo {C: Spanish} But they're not streams or creeks now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh, that's about it, there's other little piddly ones I guess got names on 'em, but I'd sit here all day and not remember 'em. Never put much significance to 'em Interviewer: What are those names mean, are they named after people or places? 911: {NS} Resaca de la Guerra {C: Spanish} would be the resaca of the war. Or the war resaca. {C: Spanish} It's battle sites. Several different things, one of the Civil War, one in the Texas war of independence I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: Uh And the other one resaca the Rancho Viejo would be the resaca of the old ranch. Or the old ranch's resaca. {C: Spanish} Interviewer: And what different kinds of roads are there around here? 911: Different kinds of roads. You talking about material? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Paved. Which would be asphalt. Blacktop would be the same thing, caliche Gravel and dirt. I guess. Interviewer: What's the caliche? 911: Oh it's kind of a mixture, some kind of powdery stuff and and a certain kind of rock. It's kind of whitish colored. Interviewer: Like the road down, couple of roads down from here? Is that caliche? 911: There's plenty of them around here. Must be, it's kinda. Gravel you know great big dark color rock. This kind of has a whitish color to it and it's a little powdery. It'll blow. Yeah. Car go down it, stir it up, it'll blow pretty good. Interviewer: Gravel will? 911: The caliche will. Unless you roll it and pack it down and wet it pretty good. You just lay it down there, it'll blow, blow worse than dirt. If you stir it up. Interviewer: Why do they put it down then? 911: You can get in and out of it when it rains. It'll, you can soak it up pretty good, and it'll rain hard you can still drive in and out of it just like gravel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: You won't stick in it. Interviewer: What do you call the white paved road? You don't see too many of them out anymore. 911: Oh used to do it with the with concrete. Cement. Yeah, you don't do that anymore, it costs too much to do it with with tar or asphalt. Interviewer: What would you call a little road that turns off the main road? 911: Off of a main highway? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Paved? Would it be paved yeah? Interviewer: Paved road. 911: Well. I'll call it a road I guess. Interviewer: Any other name for just a small 911: No you're hunting for words they don't use around here, you're looking for things like country lane and stuff like that, maybe I don't know. Around here just, it's a road. Take the road to the left. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word lane? 911: No. That's what I thought Maybe you're fishing for something like that, but not around here. Interviewer: What, what do you think of a lane this big? 911: Oh just real narrow. About wide enough for a car. Maybe just cut out with nothing on it paved or anything, just a dirt road probably. Interviewer: Do you think of a lane as having trees or fences on both sides? 911: Yeah, a country lane do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Just a little dirt road maybe like you were saying, with a farm on each side or fences and trees. Or these meadows that we talked about on each side kinda peaceful like not hot and dusty like down here. Interviewer: {NS} And a road that goes up to a person's house, would be a... 911: A main road that goes up to his house? Interviewer: Or 911: A driveway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a road across a ranch? Would you have a special name for that? 911: No I just call it a road. Interviewer: And a road in town? 911: Street. Interviewer: And something along the side of the street for people to walk on? 911: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Any old fashioned name for sidewalk? 911: No {NS} Hello? This he. Uh-huh. I guess an old {X} An old term for sidewalk. {NS} Hmm. Interviewer: Do you ever hear {D: bonkhead} or anything like that? 911: What did you say? Interviewer: {D: Bonkhead.} 911: Well in {D: Spanish} you go, we used there's a word banqueta {C: Spanish} {C: Spanish} I don't know if that's correct or not, but I remember refer, hearing people refer to it as a banqueta. {C: Spanish} {C: Spanish} Interviewer: Did you hear that in English or 911: Well no, the way just said it, it kinda has a Spanish tone to it, banqueta. {C: Spanish} {C: Spanish} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door, and nobody answered, you say, I guess he's not 911: Home. Interviewer: And if someone's walking in your direction, you say he's coming straight 911: At me. Interviewer: Or straight 911: Toward me. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Toward me. Interviewer: Okay. And if you went into town and {NS} happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing, you say this morning I happened to 911: Run into such-and-such. Interviewer: And if a child is given the same name as her mother has, you'd say they named the child... 911: After her mother. Interviewer: And something that people drink for breakfast. 911: Juice. Interviewer: Or 911: Coffee. Interviewer: Okay, and if you wanted some coffee and it wasn't ready, you'd say you had to go 911: Make the coffee. Interviewer: And talking about putting milk in your coffee, you'd say some people like it... How? 911: Black? Interviewer: Okay. Black coffee is coffee, what milk? 911: Oh without milk, Interviewer: Okay. And other people like coffee 911: with milk. Interviewer: Any other names for black coffee? 911: Slang ones? Interviewer: Do you have 911: Well, not words that I use, just say coffee, and they ask how I want it and I say I want it black. {NS} Well they they use words that I've heard of before, {X} just pure coffee I mean they don't call it, what uh What Java Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Don't use it, never heard it used much, read it, now I've heard people say it once or twice once in a while but I guess not ten times. Interviewer: What kind of java? is that 911: Yeah but that's not really from around here Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: But I've heard a cup of coffee referred to that I don't know what it is or where it came from Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression drinking coffee barefoot? 911: No. Interviewer: Have you ever heard drinking whiskey bare-footed? 911: Uh never heard that Interviewer: And If you were walking along the road an an animal came and scared you you say I picked up a... What? 911: Pick up a rock Interviewer: And I, 911: Threw it at it. Interviewer: Okay, anything else to say besides threw it? 911: No unless I've hit 'em Then I'd say I picked up a rock and hit him with it. Interviewer: Do you ever say you chucked it or flung it or? 911: Mm-mm. You're on about me now? Interviewer: Or have you ever heard of any of those? 911: Well I heard 'em but I don't know if I ever heard anybody really use 'em. I have always used or heard say I picked up a rock and threw it at 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And 911: If pitched it at 'em, I would take it to mean just kinda underhanded, just finally toss. To somebody to catch. Not to throw it at some something you wanna get out of there. Interviewer: Like you pitch a ball in baseball or something? 911: Yeah. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And if you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere, but you say before you can hitch 'em to a wagon or buggy, you have to... 911: I don't know I've never done it. Interviewer: But what do you have to put on it? 911: Put on a harness? Interviewer: Okay. And say you, say you have to 911: Harness up the horses. Interviewer: And when you're driving a horse, you got him with the 911: Reigns. Interviewer: Is that when you're plowing or with a wagon? You call at the reins. 911: I call it reins in the wagon and for riding in the saddle. And a bridle call it the reins Interviewer: And if you're riding them with the saddle, You put your feet in the 911: Stirrups Interviewer: And talking about um distance you say well I don't know exactly how far away it is, but it's just a 911: You're about to close up. Interviewer: Uh-huh, it's just a little 911: Just a little aways Interviewer: Okay, and if you had been traveling, {NS} and still had about five hundred miles to go, you'd say you still had a 911: Long way to go. Interviewer: And, something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place, You'd say oh you can find that just about 911: Any place. Interviewer: And someone slipped and fell over this way, you'd say he fell over 911: Backwards. Interviewer: This way? 911: Frontwards. Forward. Interviewer: Okay. Say if um, you had been fishing and I asked you did you catch any, and you might say no what and what? No 911: No I didn't catch any Interviewer: Okay, did you ever hear people say I didn't catch nary a one? 911: Yeah. I've even used that. There again when we're you know. {NS} Did you catch any, I didn't catch nary a one. Yeah I've used that quite a bit. Interviewer: Is that kinda like ain't, the way you use it, just kidding or? 911: No not really, I don't and like I told you yesterday, I always had drummed in my head that the word ain't was really bad. It's almost like using a cuss word. {NS} Nary a one, to me is just a slang expression really, I don't consider it, it's not correct. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: By any means, but we use it. Interviewer: It's not as bad as ain't? 911: Yeah. No, I wouldn't think so. To me ain't is is just really incorrect, and I hear people use it all the time when they using it and not not kidding, they just using it in their you know vocabulary. To me, I would use it kidding around and, {NS} but nary a one, I would use that maybe in just normal conversation sometimes if it fits you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And If you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land, you say you 911: Clear it off. Interviewer: And wheat is tied off into 911: I don't know, wheat? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: I dunno. Interviewer: What about corn? Or fodder? 911: I don't have any idea. Bundle? Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the bundles are piled up into a 911: Stack. Interviewer: And talking about how much wheat you raised, you might say you raised forty what of wheat today? 911: Bushels. Interviewer: And what do you have to do with oats to separate the grains from the rest of it? 911: Mm. I don't know. Oats? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Ain't got any idea. Interviewer: Say if there was something that we had to do today, just the two of us you could say we'll have to do it, or you could say instead of saying we, you could say 911: We're going to do it together, don't say we? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But would you say you and I would have to do it or me and you? 911: Of if I'm talking to you? Say you and I gotta do this today. Or we have to do it today. Interviewer: What if you're talking about some man and yourself? 911: You and I. Interviewer: Or. 911: We. Interviewer: Would you say him and me or he and I? 911: He and I. He and I are gonna do it today. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say he doesn't want just you or just me for this job, he wants 911: Both of us. Interviewer: And if you knock at the door, and someone asks you who's there, and you know that they recognize your voice, you'd say it's 911: It's me. Interviewer: And 911: Or it is I? No I'd say it's me. Correct or not, that's what I'd say. Interviewer: What if uh If it's a man at the door, you'd say it's Like if I asked you was that was him at the door, you'd say yes that was 911: That was him. Interviewer: And if it was a woman? 911: That was her. Interviewer: And if it was two people? 911: That was them. Interviewer: And talking about how tall you are, You'd say he's not as tall 911: As I am. Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall 911: As he is. Interviewer: And he can do that better than 911: Than I can. Interviewer: And If you had been out to uh to New Mexico say, and you hadn't gone any more west than that, you'd say New Mexico is 911: As far as I went. Interviewer: Or. New Mexico is what west of then? New Mex- 911: New Mexico is far west as I've been. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever say it's all the farther west or the farthest west of 911: Mm. I've heard it, but I've never used it. {X} And if you asked me the same question, ask me that question, I say well New Mexico is far west as I've been. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: I guess I've heard people say farthest west or furthest west or whatever you say, but I've never used it. Interviewer: And if something belongs to me, you say it's {C: NS} 911: Yours. {C: NS} Interviewer: And if it belongs to both of us, it's 911: It's ours. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Ours. Interviewer: And to them? 911: It's theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 911: It's his. Interviewer: And to her? 911: It's hers. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say yours or his or 911: Yeah, I guess maybe There again kidding around expression I would probably use it a few times, but there again, just kidding, you know, I don't say kidding but just kinda cute conversation, I guess. Interviewer: What give me some examples what What would you 911: I'd say if I'm about to say something about that, keep your hands off of that, that's our'n. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Or uh You better not mess with that thing that's his'n and he'll get you {NW} Well they're just kidding, they're not in everyday conversation. Interviewer: Do you hear it around here, people say that? 911: No, just the same way I'm using it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Kidding. Interviewer: Say if there had been a group of people at your house and 911: I think there's, let me just say something about that. I think there maybe there There are places where people talk that way his'n and our'n and their'n. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Or whatever those words {NS} In a way, It's not one of my sayings. Uh Maybe mimicking or copying or something conversation or you know a way of talking in other places I mean. Interviewer: But you don't hear 911: No Interviewer: Around here much? How would you address a group of people? Like There's a group at your house and they're gonna leave, you'd say I hope What 911: Hope y'all had a good time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever use the word y'all talking just to one person? 911: To one? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I don't, no. Interviewer: What if um there's a group of people and you were asking about everybody's coats, you'd say where are 911: Where are y'all their coats or their Interviewer: Well you're talking to them. You'd say where are, 911: Where are your coats? Interviewer: Would you ever say y'all's coats? 911: Oh I might. {NW} Where are y'all's coats? Yeah I might say that. Interviewer: What if there's a there was a party that you hadn't been able to go to and and you were asking about the people that had gone, you'd ask them what 911: Who all was there? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And there's a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family, you'd ask about them children are they 911: Whose children are those? Interviewer: Huh? 911: Whose children are those? Interviewer: Would you ever say who all's children? 911: I knew you were gonna ask me that. I don't think so. It And it's funny you know might say y'all's coach and then say who all. Who all's children oh I don't think so. Interviewer: That sounds a little funny? 911: Yeah I suppose. Interviewer: What if there had been a a speech that you hadn't been able to hear? You're asking about you know, everything that that the person said, you'd say 911: What all did he say? Interviewer: Okay. And if you say no one else will look out for them, you say they've got to look out for 911: For themselves. Interviewer: And no one else will do it for them. He better do it 911: For himself. Interviewer: And talking about kinds of animals the kind of animal that barks. 911: Dog. Interviewer: And if you want your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him? 911: Sic 'em. Interviewer: Okay. What different kinds of dogs are there? 911: Breeds? Interviewer: Well not breeds but just what would you call a mixed breed dog for example? 911: Mutt. Interviewer: Okay, any other terms like that? 911: Heinz fifty-seven. Interviewer: What about for a small noisy dog? 911: Poodle? Are you, you're not talking about breeds now? Interviewer: No, not breeds, just a general name. 911: A small, noisy dog, I'd probably call a pain in the neck. {NS} Hello? Dog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear it called a feist? 911: Oh I've heard of, I've heard that there's a feisty little dog. I've never heard it called a feist. I'd say well those dogs are pretty feisty. Maybe a little small barking dog {D: That might fit there yeah} Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about just a worthless dog? 911: Well you go back to mutt. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you had a mean dog, you tell someone, you'd better be careful, that dog will 911: Bite you. Interviewer: And yesterday he 911: Bit somebody. Interviewer: And the person had to go to the doctor after he got 911: Bitten. Interviewer: Do you ever say after he got dog bit? 911: No. I'd say no I'd say he got bitten by dogs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the kind of animal that um you could plow with 911: Horse. Interviewer: Or something 911: Ox. Interviewer: Something that looks kinda like a horse. 911: Mule. Interviewer: Okay, and two of those hitched together, would be a... 911: Team. Team of mules. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the ox? when they're hitched together? 911: Team of oxen. Interviewer: Did you ever see that? 911: No. Have I ever seen any? Pictures I guess but never seen it. Interviewer: And the animal that would get you milk. 911: The cow. Interviewer: And the male is called the 911: Bull. Interviewer: Is that word nice to use when you were growing up? Or did it sound a little vulgar? 911: Depends on how you were using it nowadays you say well that's a bull out there in that pasture, well that's alright, but I didn't better come to the house and say hold on and give me that bull. That wasn't That wasn't considered too nice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} And the little ones, when it's first born, 911: Calf. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Calf. Interviewer: And the female is called a 911: Female cow calf Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any special names for a female calf? 911: No, maybe just calves. Interviewer: What about the male? 911: Well If you're really trying to pin it down I guess you could say bull calf. Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf, you'd say she was going to 911: Foal. Interviewer: Okay. Any other more common ways to say that? 911: Well that'd be a horse or a foal, I dunno if I ever heard that used with a cow or not. Interviewer: Do you ever hear come in fresh or drop a calf or 911: Drop a calf, yeah, she's fixing to drop a calf. Interviewer: Okay. 911: The foal, go back to there, that's horse, not cow. Interviewer: What do you call the female horse? 911: Mare. Interviewer: What about the male? 911: Stallion. Interviewer: Any other names for a male horse? 911: Had to depend on what they've done to him, might call him a gelding. Interviewer: You call him a gelding after you have 911: Fixed him. Altered him. Interviewer: Any other terms for that, fixed or altered? Would you use those terms talking about a pig for example? Or a cow? 911: I never talked about pigs much. I suppose. Interviewer: And. You say everyone around here likes to get on horses and 911: Ride. Interviewer: And yesterday he 911: Rode. Interviewer: And I have never 911: Ridden. Interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on, you'd say you fell 911: Off. Fell off the horse. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning, he'd say I guess I must have 911: I guess I must have fallen out of bed. Interviewer: And the things that you put on the horses' feet. 911: Shoes. Horseshoes. Interviewer: What about a game you play with those? Do you ever see. 911: Yeah we played that. Play horseshoes. Interviewer: Do you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 911: The same way? Just like hor- no. I don't think so. Interviewer: And the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on. 911: The hooves. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and Just one of those would be one 911: Hoof. Interviewer: And what do people raise sheep for? 911: Wool. Interviewer: Do people ever raise sheep in this area? 911: No. I've never seen one down here. Oh I guess I've seen one or two from people just messing around, but they've never raised them down here for commercial purposes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: It's too hot. Interviewer: What do they call the male sheep? 911: Ram. Interviewer: And the female? 911: Ewe. Interviewer: And Talking about um pigs, when they're full grown you call them. 911: Pig, hog. Interviewer: Okay, what about when they're half grown? {NS} 911: Pig I guess. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a shoat? 911: I've heard of the word but I've never used it. Interviewer: Did Did you ever Do you know what it means exactly or? Did you 911: No. Interviewer: What about the male hog? 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a boar or a male hog? 911: Oh okay boar yeah. But I don't know, {X} Don't think I've ever heard it talking about a tame hog. I don't think I've ever heard of a boar hog, but they remain wild. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is a boar hog male or 911: Male. Well now, {X} Boar hog, that means a wild wild hog I guess I never thought about it, I guess we just refer to it that way, it could be a male or female. Boar hog. Interviewer: What would you call a female hog? 911: Sow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, what if she's never had pigs? 911: I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: And a male hog that's been fixed, you call him a 911: {NS} Um Interviewer: Do you ever hear barrow, or boar? And the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back. 911: I don't have any idea but if I had to call it something I guess I would probably call it bristle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about the big teeth that a hog has? 911: {NW} Ah. Interviewer: Or an elephant has? 911: Yeah, tusks, mm-kay. Interviewer: And things you put the food in for the hogs, would be a 911: Trough Interviewer: Mm-kay, and if you had three or four of those, you'd have three or four 911: Troughs. Interviewer: And Say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so fourth they were getting hungry, you'd say you have to go feed the 911: Animals. Interviewer: Okay, what if you're talking about hens and turkeys and geese? You say you had to feed the 911: Feed the chickens or I'd have to break each of them down, I wouldn't {NS} Interviewer: {NS} {X} 911: No I already got mine but they have a great big one that they leave out there all the time put the winner's name on there every year the year and the winner's name. {D:so I guess they} find out how we want it. {NS} Interviewer: How many people were playing? 911: a hundred and eighty-four. {NS} Interviewer: Just people from around here mainly or? 911: No what they do is every member of the club that wants to play in it in where up to eighty-four we had a hundred and some wanting to play but they had to cut it off at eighty-four. then you invite a guest from out of town. The object being to bring in make a fellowship deal and bring people from all over different places and spend three four five days playing golf and if you if you allowed them to just get somebody locally it you know you'd have the same ones from that you saw all year round. this way there's eighty-four from here and then there's eight-four people Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 911: #2 coming in from all over and # Interviewer: {NS} 911: And it is getting so now where it is the same ones coming back every year being mostly I'd say about eighty percent but their coming from all over. Different places and you haven't seen the man for year you renew old acquaintances and stuff like that. It is a real nice time. Interviewer: You said trying to encourage people to join this #1 coun- # 911: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: country clubs? 911: No they get all the people in there they want. and like I said eighty-four can play and they get over a hundred on the list but once you get in you have the right to play every year unless you decide to pull out. #1 kind of a # Interviewer: #2 How do they # Determine who gets in? 911: Well this goes back to the first year or two when people kinda {D: weren't you know} not too interested {NS} a bunch of us got in there and we just preserved that priority. Now what they do is if three or four spots open up the first ones in there with their money Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Go to the top of the list and when they cut it off they take the one that got money in there first. The entry fee. {NS} Interviewer: Um. We talked about the animals um {NS} say if you wanted to a go feed the animals and if it's time to feed the animals and do your chores you would said that it was? 911: Oh I've been lucky enough to never have to do that I guess time to do the chores? Interviewer: Do you ever hear that called chore time or feeding time or fodder time? 911: {NW} I've heard feeding time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: But here now you you are talking about things that I've heard not really in you know? Actual everyday conversation a man sitting there telling me well it's feeding time I got to go slop the hogs cuz I just have never been around that kind of stuff. Interviewer: {NW} 911: So these expressions that I've heard but never used or had used to me when they were really you know serious about they were actually going to go out and do this. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: I've never lived on a farm or been on one. Or that kind of farm. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the animals referred to as critters or stock? 911: Yeah both of those. But not much. {NS} Critters mostly refer to {NS} oh squirrels rabbits little bitty fur animals like that called critters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Um stock well is um mostly cows. Interviewer: What about animals that are a nuisance? What would you call them? 911: Oh again critters pests varmints. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Probably critters or varmints. Interviewer: What do you think of a varmint? Is there any special size animal? 911: Yeah about the size of a big rat possum. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {NW} You know a thing like that would be a varmint. Interviewer: Would you call a coyote a varmint or? 911: Hmm probably I don't know. Interviewer: That's getting a little large? 911: Yeah. Coyote I mean that's what? varmint to me is what I always think of as {X} dirty little animals I don't like. Coyotes I don't like 'em but they don't come bothering you. You know? They won't get up inside the house and stuff like that To me that is varmints. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Coming noseying around the house and tearing into stuff. Interviewer: What do you think of rats and mice and things like that as? #1 Varmints? # 911: #2 Varmints. # and possums. {X} {NS} Interviewer: Um the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? You'd say the calf began to do what? 911: {NS} The noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? {NS} The calf began to I don't know. I don't know exactly what you are looking for you look. You lost me. Interviewer: {D:Alright} what about the noise that a cow makes? You say she...? 911: Moos Interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you say that a calf moos? Or would you have another? {NS} 911: Calf? {NS} I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear a cat balls or cries or blats? 911: It cries. Yeah. I'd say cries. Interviewer: What about a horse? What kind of sound does he make? 911: Whinny. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And 911: Or a neigh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Whinny or neigh. Interviewer: Is that the same or are they different? 911: To me it's about the same thing. The horse makes its usual noise I'd probably say neigh. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: When it came out first I think I'd probably be more inclined to say neigh. Horses neighing. Interviewer: Say if um you wanted to call the cows to get it out of the pasture, do you ever hear a special call? To get cows to come to you? 911: No. Interviewer: What about calves? 911: Neither. Interviewer: and horses? 911: Huh-uh Interviewer: Sheep? 911: Huh-uh Interviewer: What would you say to a cow to get her to stand still so you could milk her? 911: {NW} Don't, better not put that on the tape. {NW} I don't know. I've never milked well yeah I have to but I don't ever remember ever tell her to stand. You know? Get it just tell her to stand still and slap it across the side. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you say to mule or horse to get 'em to turn left or right? {NS} 911: Turn left right. You mean if I'm riding it? Interviewer: No. If you are plowing with it or driving it or something. 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say haw or? 911: {NS} No. I don't think so. I know yeah haw and and what's the other one is? Yeah I've heard I know what you are talking about. #1 But I've never # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: used 'em or heard 'em used. I think I read 'em probably. Interviewer: What about to get 'em started if you are riding 'em? 911: Giddy-up. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And to stop 'em? 911: Whoa. Interviewer: And to back 'em up? 911: I don't know. To back 'em up? {NS} Interviewer: #1 I don't # 911: #2 Alright. # Interviewer: Do you ever hear? {NS} 911: What? Interviewer: Huh? 911: Go ahead. I don't Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say hike up or whoa back or? 911: No. {NS} Interviewer: And do you ever hear people call hogs? 911: Sooey pig. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you know how that goes? 911: Do I know how it goes? Interviewer: Yeah can- can you do it like like your calling 'em? 911: {D: Oh I do not know} the way I've heard it ever done was hear pig sooey sooey pig. Sooey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where did you hear that? 911: The Texas-Arkansas football game. Is when we put it on 'em and start calling 'em pigs and giving 'em the sooey pigs. to the Arkansas fans. {NW} That's where I heard it That's the truth too. I'm not joking but I've heard it. You know? {NS} The television and stuff like that. I've never heard anybody actually do it but Interviewer: #1 just # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 911: Just something you've known and heard for a long time but I have that is a Texas-Arkansas tradition. Interviewer: Texas and Arkansas play? 911: Football. Interviewer: Do they they're regular opponents they? 911: Yeah. And they are the razorbacks and we give them that sooey pig business. Interviewer: Do they get mad? 911: Oh yeah. {NS} They don't like it too much. Interviewer: What's the Texas football team? 911: Longhorns. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever play football while you were at Texas? 911: No. {NW} Interviewer: And do you hear anybody call chickens? 911: Chick chick chick. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say something that um people eat for breakfast that's native from ground up corn. 911: Cereal. Interviewer: Well it's corn that has been ground up real fine. You eat it with maybe eggs and. {NS} Sort of a Southern food... 911: Grits. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about something that's got the whole grains of corn? It's not been ground up. It's as fine as grits. {NW} 911: {NW} You're talking about oatmeal. Interviewer: No it is made out of corn. 911: Hominy grits? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's the difference? 911: I don't know. I like 'em both. But I don't hominy grits I don't grits to me they're white stuff you are talking about at first the word hominy came out just from {NS} I don't know where I just heard that I #1 guess. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: {NW} Interviewer: What about something just called hominy or lye corn? Do you ever hear that? 911: Yeah hominy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Yeah. Interviewer: How's that different from grits? Or is it 911: Well I've never eaten it for breakfast. Interviewer: {NS} Does it look the same or? 911: Well um hominy to me is about the size of probably about a little bit bigger than a green pea. Interviewer: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 911: white. I've seen some yellow. I eat that for lunch or supper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Grits to me is like you talking about some fine, small {NW} Interviewer: What about a um {NS} something that it's a grain that's made well it's white and it's it's a grain that grows in wet places In other parts of Texas maybe #1 but in # 911: #2 Rice # Interviewer: Huh? 911: Rice. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Where does that grow? Does it grow in Texas or? 911: Yeah, I think they grow some rice in Texas. I don't know where. I think they grow a lot it in Louisiana. If they are growing it in Texas it would have to be over on the East side. It'd have to be up around Houston, Beaumont, and there I'd imagine. be about the only place you'd grow rice. Interviewer: {NS} And you'd say this morning at seven o'clock I what breakfast? 911: I ate breakfast. Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I had already? 911: Eaten breakfast. Interviewer: And if you were real thirsty you could go to the sink and pore yourself a? 911: Glass of water. Interviewer: and you'd say the glass fell off the sink and? 911: Broke. Interviewer: So somebody has what the glass? 911: Broken the glass. Interviewer: Mm-kay. But you'd say but I didn't mean to? 911: Brake it. Interviewer: And {NS} if someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his? 911: Hmm there is a lot that could go in there. He sure likes to put away his food sure likes to put away his feed sure likes to put away his groceries Interviewer: Okay. What do you would you call food that's taken between regular meals? 911: Snacks. Interviewer: Anything else? {NS} 911: I don't think so. I'd be inclined to call it a snack. Interviewer: And something that sort of like a fruit pie I mean its got several layers of fruit and dough in it. maybe it's made out of apples or something. {NS} 911: Apple pie? {NS} Hmm I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a cobbler or? 911: Oh Okay. Cobbler yeah. Cobbler I know what you talking about. Apple Cobbler. Interviewer: Anything else? 911: Peach cobbler. Apple and peach. That's about all. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a deep apple pie or apple slump or family pie? 911: I've heard of deep apple pie. Interviewer: How is that different? 911: I don't know. I guess it's a deeper dish. {NW} Interviewer: Do they {NS} is that something you hear around here a lot or? 911: No I don't know. I don't I don't remember hearing it too much. Deep apple pie. Not much. I know it {NS} mentioned it I know I'd heard it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But uh I don't remember hearing it too much. No just usually just apple pie. Interviewer: What about something that um say you could take milk or cream and mix that with sugar and nutmeg and make sort of a a sweet liquid that you could pour over pudding or pie? You'd call that a? {NS} 911: Hmm ... {NS} I don't know what you'd call that. Interviewer: Do you ever call that a sauce or a #1 dip or a dressing? # 911: #2 Sauce # Call it a sauce. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever use the word dip or dressing or gravy? 911: No. Not like that. No. I'd call it a sauce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say if you were real thirsty you'd say I what a glass of water? 911: I want a glass of water. #1 Or I # Interviewer: #2 And then # 911: I need a glass of water. Usually want. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say um so then I I what a glass of water? 911: I drank a glass of water. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd ask me how much have you? 911: Had to drink. Interviewer: Or how much have you? 911: How much have you drank? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table. You tell them to? 911: Sit down. Interviewer: So you'd say so then he? 911: Sat down. Interviewer: And no one else was standing cuz everybody else had? 911: Sat down. Interviewer: And if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to 'em you tell them to just go ahead and 911: Eat. Interviewer: Or. What yourself? 911: Go ahead and serve yourself. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or using another word. Go ahead and what yourself? 911: Oh. Go ahead and help yourself to the potatoes. Interviewer: So you'd say so then he went ahead and? 911: {NW} Are we back to the served and the helped he said helped himself to the potatoes? {NS} I guess yeah that'd be right. Interviewer: And you'd say ask him to pass over 'em to him since he had already what himself? 911: Helped himself or served himself. I think its about fifty fifty really. Interviewer: #1 Between # Interviewer: #2 Do you hear # people say hoped themselves for help 911: No. {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} if you decide not to eat something, you would say no thank you I don't? 911: Care for any. Interviewer: And foods been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been? 911: We call 'em leftovers. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 911: Chew. Interviewer: And you say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck his throat and he couldn't? 911: Swallow? Interviewer: Mm-kay. He could chew it but he couldn't what it? He couldn't? 911: Swallow it? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something that um it's made out of cornmeal. You take cornmeal and and salt and water make something you could eat just with a spoon. You call that? 911: Cornmeal and salt and water. I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear mush or cush cush or? 911: Well I've heard the word mush but I didn't know what it was. I mean {X} that it was cornmeal {NS} salt and water. I've never eaten any. Interviewer: What about some other things made out of cornmeal? {NS} 911: For instance, I don't know. I just avoid that kitchen like the plague. You going to have to throw me some hints there. Things made with cornmeal. Tortillas? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What else? 911: Corn bread? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something to eat with fish? 911: To eat with fish? Well you can make stuff to cover that a you know to cook it in, can't you? With #1 corn # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: meal the uh what do you call it? Is it batter? Interviewer: Mm-mm. Do you ever heard something called a corn dodger? 911: Yeah. I don't know what it is. Corn dodger. Seems to me I've had one of those. But I don't know what it is. Interviewer: Do you remember what it? #1 Looked like # 911: #2 Looked # like a hot dog. Didn't it? Interviewer: It's kinda long. 911: Oh is it? Long and round or is it square? I think it's long and round like a hot dog. I think. Dip it in mustard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I might be wrong. But that's what came to my mind when you said corn dodger. {NS} Interviewer: Does it have something inside it? Like a does it have meat inside it or? #1 is it # 911: #2 Well that made me # Think of a hot dog. but I'm trying to think if if that I'm thinking of a hot dog covered up with that corn meal stuff. Maybe that's what I'm thinking of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something um with peas and beats and carrots and so forth. You call those? 911: Vegetables. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd grow them in a? 911: Garden. Interviewer: Any special name for them if you grew them yourself? 911: Mm. No I don't think not really. Might grow 'em myself. Might call 'em homegrown. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Well that's about all that I can think of. Interviewer: What would you call whiskey that is made illegally? That's made 911: Moonshine. Interviewer: Any other names? 911: Bathtub gin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about beer? 911: Illegal beer? Interviewer: Beer that is made at home 911: Homebrew. Interviewer: Okay. 911: I've never done that now. Interviewer: {NS} You ever heard of people making moonshine around here? 911: No. You'd get it too easy across the boarder. Don't need to fool with it. Interviewer: So liquor is a whole lot cheaper #1 across # 911: #2 across # the boarder, yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Do they? I thought now they still make you pay Texas tax. 911: Yeah you got to pay those tax. When you come across that bridge. But it is still cheap. {NW} Interviewer: Say something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils. You'd tell somebody just that just 911: Smell that Interviewer: And you'd say this isn't an imitation maple syrup this is? 911: The real thing. Interviewer: Or this is gen- 911: genuine. Interviewer: And when sugar was sold um weighed of the barrel. You'd say it was sold? 911: I don't remember that. When it is sold out of a barrel. Weigh down? Sold by the pound. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you? If you were going to buy something two or three hundred pounds at a time you'd say you were buying it? 911: In bulk. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a sweet spread that you could put on biscuits or toast? 911: Jam or preserves. Interviewer: Or something else? 911: Marmalade. Jam preserves. Interviewer: #1 Something # 911: #2 {X} # Interviewer: like jam. 911: Honey. Interviewer: But maybe apple. 911: Apple butter. Interviewer: a- there's another thing. 911: Oh there is? {NS} I don't know. Interviewer: Well it's like all of those things. 911: Preserves jam marmalade apple butter. Interviewer: Wha- what was that first thing you mentioned? 911: Preserves. Jam. {NS} Jelly. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something you'd season food with? 911: Salt, pepper. Interviewer: And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one. He'd tell you? 911: {NS} I want an apple. Interviewer: And you'd say it was these boys that did that. It must have been 911: them. Interviewer: Mm-kay or it must have been one of 911: those. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever say "One of them boys?" 911: No. Well kidding around. There again we're back to the nary a one and stuff like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Now I might say, it had it was one of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Instead of one of those. That's kind of a flip-flop there. It just whichever came out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But I don't think I'd ever say it was one of them boys. Other than just kidding around. You know? Interviewer: #1 Imitating # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: or mimicking or whatever you want to call it. Just an Interviewer: You wouldn't say it seriously? 911: No. Interviewer: And you'd say he doesn't live here, he lives 911: there. Interviewer: Or he lives #1 over. # 911: #2 over there. # Interviewer: Do you ever say yonder? Or yander? 911: Kidding around. I might say he lives over yonder. Hmm. Interviewer: You hear that around here much? 911: Eh you hear it some. {NS} Interviewer: And you tell someone don't do it that way do it 911: this way. Interviewer: And if you don't have any money at all you'd say you're not rich you're 911: Broke. Interviewer: Or you never had any money you're 911: poor. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what father was rich? 911: Who's father was rich. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach 911: orchard. Interviewer: And you ask somebody if that's his orchard and he'd tell you no I'm just the neighbor. He'd point to someone else and say he's the man 911: who owns the orchard. Interviewer: And something that's um people make our of flour. Baked in loafs. 911: Bread. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What different kinds of bread? 911: Hmm. White bread, rye bread {NW} {NS} French bread, corn bread. Interviewer: What is white bread have in it to make rise? 911: Yeast. Interviewer: And {NS} you said there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's? 911: bread you get at the store. What do you want me to say? Store bought? I don't use it very much. Interviewer: Does that sound funny #1 to you? # 911: #2 No. # I use it some. Sounds well store bought. {D: Do you you going have} homemade bread or store bought? I use it some. It's not {NW} you got I Let me try and explain something to you. I don't know if it makes any sense or not. I know the correct things to say. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: You know. I know that to tell somebody that "We are going to have store bought bread for supper." That's not correct. By any stretch my imagination is that correct English? {NW} But it is an easy way to talk. It's just a if I was talking to some people that I didn't know very well and then or you know if felt {NW} there's just no way that that would pop out of my mouth. It just and I wouldn't have to even watch it. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 911: #2 I'd just # say we're going to have you know I- I don't know how I'd say it put on the spot I just If I had to say it I'd just. I'd probably refer to the name of the bread or something. The bread we got down at the store, didn't have time to make any. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: In just casual easy conversation among friends if I had to refer to it very possibly that it would pop out of me and say it well what we are going to have store bought bread for supper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I-It's hard to explain. If I went away from here to someplace else I you know I wouldn't use it. I-I think #1 it's all in # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: what I learned when I was a kid. My parents took taught me the right way. And you never forget it. And that just like the ain't business and the store bought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I know it- it's not right. And it just like I tried to explain its just an easy way to talk. But if I feel like it's going to be offensive to somebody or if their gonna think I'm stupid well I'm #1 not # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 911: gonna use it. Do you understand what I'm tryna to say? Interviewer: Do you feel um 911: Of course this is not a place where I go where I like um it's always been It's always seemed to me that well meet somebody I'd like for him at first think maybe I'm just kind of a dumb hick. {NW} I always like um figure you could sneak up on a man later if he's tryna to pull something and they go I'm going away from here a little bit that I have. {NW} Or anywhere even around. You go in there tryna show off being a smart boy somebody'll cut you down to size. You better go walking in there letting them think you are a dumb hick. And then catch 'em from a surprise. You know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {NW} I think that all reflects on the way we talk and and do things. Or at least the way I do. Cuz I always, I don't know. I'm just real easy going and its just ah it just takes a whole bunch of stuff to get me riled up. I think that just reflects on the way I talk. But if I have to turn it on and go back to the correct proper way to do things cuz I think it's the place and time to do it I'll do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You were telling me yesterday about feeling um about change in the way you talk when you? 911: Yeah I think that's the same thing. Ah. I just do whatever I'm comfortable at and I can {X} I can do it without having to sound like I'm just messing around or putting on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I like to be comfortable. That's why ninety-nine percent of the time I act and talk the way I do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But if I'm someplace that a {NS} I don't what kinda of place it'd be in but if I feel like I gotta act like I gotta have a little sense people don't realize if the more we are we act that way all the time just being {NS: comfortable} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Ah. Well I get stiff with 'em and its not I don't have to force it. I can act Easterner or whatever you want to call it. big shot or something if I have to talk proper and there's nothing wrong with talking properly. It just it's easier to talk this way. To me. Interviewer: Do you try to change your pronunciation a little bit or? When you? 911: What I maybe what I try and do is drop the drawl or the slur. Whatever it is if I feel like I need to be understood or if it's people I really don't know how to explain it. I don't know whether you are getting what I'm #1 talking about. I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 No I think # I understand what your saying. Would 911: I'm not self-conscience of it. I'm going places in the world and talk to anybody the way I am talking now. #1 Less like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: I oughta and I don't, the word dress it up isn't right. It it just hard to explain. Interviewer: Do you um. Where have you been that you feel like people if they find out you're from Texas or um you know or from the South if you'd consider this the South um that they're sort of you know make fun of you? Where 911: Oh it never bothered me if anybody made fun of me. I don't change it cuz I figured somebody is going to make fun of me. That's not the point. That's ah I've never changed a way of doing something or talking cuz I figured somebody is gonna make fun of me Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: it hurts myself. I don't think I'm explaining it too good. Uh Um.. I really don't know how to explain it. I don't know. I can't pinpoint just single instance and say well at this certain place will I try to talk different then I do uh Interviewer: {D:Do you still go places that it's appropriate} just to? 911: Just to probably to stand up there and talk a little louder and a little clearer and not use word like store bought or yonder or y'all. You know and and refer {NS} to friend to how about {NS} well whatever would come to mind at the proper time. {NS} But usually the way I am I'll if I'm going figure I'm gonna have to do all that kinda stuff I won't go anyway. Interviewer: {NW} 911: So it doesn't come up too often. Interviewer: {NW} You like traveling much?` 911: Not very much. I really don't. Interviewer: {NW} 911: Ah...I don't know. It just {NS} I just never cared a whole lot about it. and see pictures of things and then get people get all hepped up right away they want to go see the real thing. I just don't care much about it. Um. To me to get in a car and go five or six hundred miles. That's a drag. That's a pain to me. After I get there I don't care much about it. I just want I'm dreading having to get in that car and go back to the house. Interviewer: {NW} 911: Uh I took that trip last Summer to California. I drove about three four hundred miles a day. Interviewer: Mm. 911: and found a place to stop and just took it easy. Now people take that trip and drive twelve fourteen hours breaking their neck to get there. If I gotta do that, I won't go. I hate it. {NW} Sitting in that car for that many hours just tears me up. I'll go as far as I feel like I want to and find a nice place where I can sit down and relax and go to bed early and get up the next morning and get going some more but those crash trips these people take they just don't have enough money to get me to go. Interviewer: Yeah I know what you mean about that. 911: Well I just don't care. I don't like airplanes either. It has to be an emergency to get me on a airplane Interviewer: {NW} 911: So I suppose if I liked airplanes I might wanna But no I can't say that. That if I liked airplanes I might wanna might wanna travel more. Traveling just doesn't do a whole lot for me. I like it where I am and that's fine. Every once and a while I enjoy a trip. We took last Summer. Saw a bunch a things, I can talk about. Now I enjoyed Los Vegas. I might go back there. But I got a lot gamble to me {NW} Interviewer: Gambling's not legal in Texas is it? 911: No. Doggone. I better not say that on tape. It's not but it's controlled gambling there's nothing wrong with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: They say it's bad. Yeah Los Vegas mafia and all that kinda stuff gets in there and tears you up some but I'll tell you what they got they ante up pretty good to the state taxes off all that gambling and stuff. I don't see Los Vegas sinking into the ocean or anything like that. And I don't ever see Los Vegas up on the head of the list when they put out the crime rate statistics. Those people they keep the house clean. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And and certain places control property that just I just people gonna gamble. Whether you legalize it or don't legalize it. People will gamble. I know some guys that will that will gamble on on two cockroaches running across the table or every football game that comes along every baseball game that comes along. They go on the golf course and if you can't if they can't play for fifty dollars they won't play. Just not going to do it for fun. I won't do it. Now that's not to say that I gotta go out there and bet the house but two or five dollars or ten dollars I'll go play golf. but a man come to me and says let's play golf and the first thing I'm gonna say how much you gonna play for? Interviewer: That's legal isn't it? Just 911: Well between yourselves. Interviewer: Mm-mm. 911: But a man tell me go out and play golf for fun I'm gonna stay at the house. and I'm not trying to make a living at it, but I got when I am. but I've got to have something to play for. Now I can have some playing cards. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: If it's somebody I want to beat real bad. Well I can get enough going right there to play. I don't need to play for money. But I just like to play for a little money. It just seems to juices thing up a little bit. {NS} But a Interviewer: What about the horse racing. Didn't they vote? 911: No they voted that down too. I don't care anything about that. I don't like horse race. If they put a horse racing in here. I don't understand it. I never tried to learn it because I've never had a chance to do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: If they had legalized it and put horse racing in down here Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 911: #2 I'd expect I'd learn # about all this two dollar stuff and when to place in show business and go do a little but Oh and I'd probably like it then. #1 but I just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: I think I've been once. And a I was quarter horse racing. I've been to a quarter horse races. I've never been to a pure breed race. Interviewer: Quarter horse racing is real fast isn't it? 911: Yeah they just race a short distance. You've lost your money before you know the race started. {NW} But a I don't know. Oh it just fun. Those people control the state it took years and years to get liquor by the drink. and it hadn't ruined the state. They're picking a bunch of tax money now this isn't doing you any good here is it? Interviewer: Oh go ahead. But they didn't used to have liquor #1 by the drink # 911: #2 by the # drink. No you could go to the liquor store and buy a bottle but you couldn't go in bar and buy anything but a glass of beer. You couldn't sell you liquor by the drink. Unless it private club. Then it costs you a bunch of money to join because they had to pay thousands of dollars to get a license. {NS} Now they have legalized liquor by the drink well it's pure stupid not to have it because now a man will go in a bar and drink two or three drinks and go home. Before that he'd go {NS} a whole bottle and {D: bottle himself} up out of his skull. {NW} So i- it's a certain religious organization that a got pretty good control of the state of Texas and they whip that stuff around pretty good. They're fitting gambling too but Their the ones that sneak out behind the barn and do all this stuff before anybody else and they always saying their against it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I don't #1 want to step on any. # Interviewer: #2 What's it like just # 911: Now I don't want to step on any toes, you may be one. {NW} Interviewer: Now what a around here I guess the majority of people are Catholic? 911: Yeah but the Baptists got hold of the state by the throat. You Baptist? Interviewer: No. 911: Now, they got #1 by the state by the # Interviewer: #2 I figured it'd be less # 911: throat and they just against everything but they're the first ones that'll do it when it shows up. {NW} They go out of town to do it, but they just {NW} When I- When I was growing up around here the Baptist preacher in town is just We getting off subject here that I'm liable to say something better not go on that tape but {NS} It just it just ridiculous {NS} there's just nothing wrong with legalized controlled gambling because people are gonna gamble. There's a guy that's gonna pick up his pay check on Saturday and he's gonna lose it. Whether it's legal or not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And might as well get the state get some benefit out of it. But they don't want it. #1 Try now # Interviewer: #2 Oh so # 911: #1 I'm # Interviewer: #2 gambling # Do you like? Just 911: Mainly I like to play cards. I like to gamble on the golf course but aside from that I like to play cards I like to shoot the dice a little bit but I pace myself. I don't ever lose anymore than I can afford. I'm not gonna lose the grocery money but there's there's some guys that they gonna get paid on Saturday and they'll find a way to lose it Saturday afternoon. See you might as well take it from him and let the next man they gon- they going to blow it they gonna find a dice game or card game they gonna lose that money before the sun sets on pay day. and a so all I'm saying is if there were three or four Los Vegas' in the state of Texas I think it would be a good but like around Houston. Maybe around Houston, Dallas and San Antonio. Have you know I'm not necessarily for scattering it all over the state. If they could build us some nice casinos around well I just don't see anything wrong with it. but if people are going to go in there and get themselves in trouble and lose more than they can afford to. Well they were gonna do that anyway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: They just costing them money to get to Los Vegas to do it now. But I'll say that that there's some people that, this a low income area. Down here. Interviewer: So around Brownsville? 911: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Is there # 911: #2 Is that all # Interviewer: Anywhere around the border? 911: Yeah well around Brownsville {X} and there's Rio Grande Valley it's all it's getting up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But it- it's just historically been a low income area. and those low income people if they had a place to shoot dice on a Saturday night they'd never get home with a penny in their pay check. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Now you don't legalized gambling to that extent here. Those poor people get wiped out. They'd lose their house car and everything else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 911: A they do it now at the beer parlor. {NW} Sure don't publicize this thing. But I know these people. They get paid on Saturday and take fifteen dollars home with the old ladies so she can buy groceries for the week and they go drink the rest of it up. If there was gambling they'd go gamble it up. {NS} So that's why I say to scatter something like that down here it might be kinda bad. Uh. Interviewer: What about in Mexico? Is it legal there? 911: I don't think so. I think horse races those are dog racing. something is legal in Mexico. I don't think wide open casino gambling is legal though. and that's where {X} but if Mexico would open that up along the border they'd really drag it in. If they'd legalized gambling in the border towns like right here in {X} and Loredo and across from El Paso, holy smokes. Make people drag all their money within smelling distance of the border. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 911: #2 I # I don't know why they don't do it. Course I'd be afraid to gamble in Mexico. Interviewer: What does? 911: I don't know. I'd have to be able to be pretty close to that bridge. If I was to go over there and some cat over there see me hauling a couple thousand dollars at dice table I'd be a little scared of walking across the parking lot. {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Um talking about bread. Um Something th- that's round and has a whole in the center. 911: Doughnut. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other names for doughnut? 911: Mm. All words I've heard but don't use if you call 'em I'll tell you you've heard 'em but I don't ever remember using anything but doughnut. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about something that you make up a batter and fry three or four of these and? 911: Fritters? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other name for that? 911: I just usually call 'em fritters no I don't know Fritters I don't ever remember eating 'em more than just a few times #1 but I # Interviewer: #2 what # What about something you eat with syrup and 911: Pancakes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's different from fritters? 911: {NW} Yeah. Fritters are little smaller and have a little rougher to 'em. I think. Interviewer: And talking about how much flour would be in sack you say a sack might have ten? 911: Pounds. Interviewer: And the inside part of the egg is the? 911: Yolk. Interviewer: What color is that? 911: Yellow. Interviewer: And if you cook them in water you call this? 911: Hard boiled. Interviewer: Hard boiled 911: Eggs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if you crack them and let them fall out of the shell into hot water? 911: Well I'm gonna have to guess is that called is that poached? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And do you ever see a hog peeled? 911: A hog? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: I saw one. Never want to see another one particularly. I don't that kind of stuff I saw one killed one time that old boy tryna kill it with a sledgehammer. Hit it over the head about six times. The poor thing wouldn't die. Interviewer: Mm. 911: but that's kinda a poor way to do it. Interviewer: Did you see 'em cut 'em up or? 911: No. I am against violence. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the the kind of pork that you can use for cooking with beans or something? the the salt 911: Oh. Uh I don't know what you call it. {X} comes in pork chops that little bitty pieces of of bacon? Interviewer: Well, do you ever hear of side meat or salt pork or side belly or fat back? 911: Yeah. I've heard all those. But I don't remember ever using 'em for anything I've heard one place or another {X} what you said fat uh fat back? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Yeah I don't remember ever using it in particularly though. Interviewer: What do you call a side of the hog? What do you call that? 911: The side? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Talking about the ribs? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the kind of meat that you buy already sliced to eat with eggs? 911: {NW} Bacon? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever hear people talk about a side of bacon or the middle of the bacon? 911: No. I've heard of talking about a side of bacon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about that outside part that you cut off before you slice it? 911: The fat on a bacon now? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: The outside parts cut off.. I don't know the fat? Interviewer: Well no it's actually the animal's skin. 911: Skin. Interviewer: You call that the? 911: Hide. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever hear it called the bacon rind or #1 pig skin? # 911: #2 Mm-hmm. # Bacon rind? Yeah. Interviewer: And the person who kills and sells meat is a? 911: butcher. Interviewer: and if meat's been kept too long you say that it's? 911: Spoiled. {NW} Interviewer: And a kind of um you could take the trimmings and slice 'em up and grind 'em and stuff them in in the intestines and you'd call that? 911: I don't know but I wouldn't eat it. Interviewer: What about um something that you eat besides bacon. 911: Sausage? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 911: I don't like it very much. Just from what you said I go ahead. {NW} Interviewer: What inside parts of the hog can people eat? 911: I don't know because I won't touch it with a ten foot pole. Interviewer: You don't like hog meat at all? 911: Yeah but I don't like that inside stuff. You talking about the tripe? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: No I never have and never will. Interviewer: What is the tripe now? That's 911: Its intestines, isn't it? Cut up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: no ma'am Interviewer: Do you ever hear of chip? 911: Chitlins? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Well I just heard of it. It's a Southern expression isn't it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Kidding around about Southerns and talk about what is it? Chitlins and greens or something. Interviewer: Uh-huh. People don't eat either of those around here? 911: Oh I eat greens. I like that. but yeah I imagine I might eat a Oh there is a Mexican dish called menudo {C: Spanish} It's kinda a soup. It's got cow tripe floating around in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Oh, well I don't go for that. I just gotta I know I just #1 Don't # Interviewer: #2 Just # 911: #1 care # Interviewer: #2 the thought of it # of it or? 911: I suppose. {X} Tell me it's good but I don't care for it. I guess it's the thought of it It's a mental thing but I don't like that kinda stuff. Interviewer: What kinds of greens do people eat around here? {NS} 911: Hmm. Spinach mustard greens. I guess what we'd call mustard greens or collared greens or just pure greens. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 And then um. # Um. {X} spinach and greens and and um. Come on you tell me. Cuz I don't ever remember it. Interviewer: What is that? Turnip. 911: Turnip greens and seems to me there's another one. Well I guess turnip greens cuz I was trying to {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do ever hear people talk about the half {D:slit} or the liver and the likes? Of a hog. 911: No. Interviewer: And after you kill a hog what can you do make with the meat from its head? 911: Oh lord. I don't know. Oh you barbecue the darn thing or something. I saw one one time, but I didn't eat any. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of- of head cheese or #1 sounds # 911: #2 Yeah # I've heard of head cheese. Figured that's what it was. I Never eaten any. Interviewer: What about some scrapple or {D:pawn hot}? Have you ever heard of that? 911: No. Interviewer: What about from the hog's liver? What can you make? 911: {NW} Why we are getting onto another subject that I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Mov- 911: {NW} I'm just you kidding I don't know. Interviewer: You'll love this one. What about the blood? 911: {NS} I suppose in people that eat that rest of the stuff make gravy out of it. I don't know. {NW} Interviewer: Have you ever heard of blood sausage or blood pudding? 911: No. Thank the lord no I haven't. Interviewer: {NS} And say if you had some butter that was kept 911: #1 too long. # Interviewer: #2 You mean to # 911: tell me that actually some people cook meat with hog blood? I didn't think #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 They catch # it right after they when they cut the hog. It bleeds a lot. They catch it then and 911: #1 {D:Shoo-weeh} # Interviewer: #2 Say there's # 911: I never been that hungry. Interviewer: I've- I've never eaten it either but {NS} I think it would be kinda dangerous. because I am not sure I if you there may be some laws related to that now or selling it or something because th- the blood would would tend to, you know? Carry disease and things. I think more than 911: I guess. {NW} Interviewer: but 911: I don't know. We don't have to worry about me breaking that law. {NW} Interviewer: What about if butter was kept too long and it didn't taste right? You would say it was? 911: Oh I don't know. Would the word rancid would fit there I guess. Or Spoiled I'd probably say spoiled. Interviewer: What about milk that um? 911: soured. Interviewer: Well not soured really but you let it get thick. You call it? 911: Cream. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever get # 911: #2 clabbered? # Interviewer: Huh? 911: Clabbered. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's clabbered milk like? 911: Spoiled. {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear about people making anything out of that? 911: Yeah. Well that's uh That's whipped cream, isn't it? Whipping cream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Isn't that Interviewer: Any kinda cheese they make out of 911: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 it? # 911: I don't know about it but there's a cheese they make out of it, spoiled stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And the first thing you have to do after milking to get the impurities out you have to? {NW} {NS} 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Well sometimes people would take a real fine cloth and they 911: Oh, strain it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And {NS} kinda fruit that that's a kinda citrus fruit that grows and in some sections of Texas. 911: Oranges. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Say you had a bowl of oranges and you went to get one and there weren't any left? You'd say the oranges are 911: Gone. Interviewer: Mm-kay and 911: Or all gone. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear just say they're all? 911: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Say they're # all gone? 911: {NW} Interviewer: Say that if your um cooking bacon as you are cooking it the bacon gets smaller you'd say it does what? 911: Shrinks. Interviewer: Or another word for that. 911: Yeah I know but I don't know what it is. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say swivel or shrivel or? 911: Shrivel yeah. Shriveled up. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 911: More often than not. {X} I've heard it used that way, shriveled up. Interviewer: What would you, what have you heard it used about with? 911: I suppose with something like bacon. Shrinking when you Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: When you cook. It's shriveled up. {NS} Interviewer: And the inside part of the cherry? 911: The seed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Have you ever heard another name for that? 911: Pit. Interviewer: What about bone? 911: No, I don't think so. {NS} Interviewer: And in a peach? {NS} 911: Well there again, seed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about that part inside the seed? 911: Peach seed? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever crack one open? 911: No I don't think so. Interviewer: And there's one kind of um peach that you have to cut the seed out of. It's real hard to get the- the meat off the seed. 911: You're looking for a kind of peach? Interviewer: Uh-huh. A name for that #1 type. # 911: #2 Yeah. # No, I don't know. Interviewer: What about a- a peach that comes free of the seed real easy? 911: Mm Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a queen peach or pressed peach or free stone peach or? 911: Free stone. But I never knew what it meant. Now I've just seen things that are free stoned. Peaches I guess you'd talking about the ones that come off real easy then. Maybe I that's what would be my association. I just heard peaches. {NS} But I've heard that word, yeah. That one of the which ones you read off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} What about the part of the apple that you don't eat? 911: The core. Interviewer: And when you cut up apples and dry them you say you were making? {NS} {NS} 911: Beats me. Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called schnitz? 911: No. Interviewer: What kinds of nuts grow around here? Or would people at the store? 911: the only kind I know of that that grows around here and it doesn't grow much is a few few trees pecans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And walnuts you can buy in the store they don't grow around here though. unless you buy them all any kind you want at the store. Only kind I ever seen grown here are pecans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What other nuts would people get at the store? 911: Peanuts walnuts hickory nuts. {NW} Interviewer: What about a- a nut that is kinda shaped like your eye? 911: And light brown color? Almond. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Yeah. Interviewer: And any other name for peanuts? 911: Well. Not around here. I guess maybe I've have heard the word what is it goober? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I've heard that. Never used it. I've heard someplace call 'em goober and I don't know where but I just to me they're just peanuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about um you know what a walnut? Do you ever see one that just came off the tree? 911: No. Interviewer: Well um. So well to open it you'd you'd have to crack the? {NS} Or a pecan you'd have to crack the? 911: Oh. {NS} I don't know what I'd call that. I know what it's called but it's not the seed it's uh covering I don't know what the word is but Interviewer: Would you call it a shell or a hull or a ? 911: uh probably hull, yeah. Okay. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Hull. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what sorts of things would people raise in a garden around here? 911: You want specific things? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Tomatoes carrots cucumbers onions radish. Um maybe a little corn. Hmm. {NS} That's about it. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? {NS} 911: Corn on the cob {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called roasted ears? 911: Roasted ears yeah. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 911: Yeah. Interviewer: What about the green covering on the corn? 911: I guess again we'd go back to hull. I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: And the stringy stuff? 911: Corn silk. Interviewer: And to say it grows at the top- top of the corn stalk? 911: We're talking about the corn? The top of the stalk? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just the little What about on a graduate cap the thing that hangs down? 911: Oh. {NS} I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a tassel? 911: #1 Tassel. # Interviewer: #2 Or tassel # 911: Yeah. tassel. okay tassel. Interviewer: And you mentioned um tomatoes what do you call ones that don't get bigger than this? 911: Mm cherry tomatoes. Interviewer: What about the kind of onions that you pull up and eat before they get big? {NS} Do you know what I mean? 911: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Those 911: The little bitty ones. Interviewer: Yeah. 911: I don't know what their called. Those are the long ones with just little bitty round {X} I don't know what you call those. Interviewer: And you'd say along with your meat you might have a baked 911: Potato. Interviewer: What different kinds of potatoes are there? {NS} 911: Well there's the little bitty new potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Small red ones kinda. And then just regular potato. As you call it, Idaho potato. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Regular is what we make a baked potato out of. Interviewer: What about the potatoes that are red on the inside? 911: Red on the inside? Interviewer: Sort of orange on the inside. 911: Oh um. um. Sweet potato, yam? Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 911: Yeah to me it is. Interviewer: And a- a leafy vegetable that grows like this? 911: Cabbage. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And 911: You might could grow some of that in that garden too, I forgot that. Interviewer: Say if you saw several of those you would say um? These 911: Heads of cabbage. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you ever use the word heads when talking about children? So if someone had five children you'd say they have five heads of children? 911: I never have. Interviewer: What about if someone had about fourteen children? You'd say he really had a {NW} What of children? 911: A bunch. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever hear people say a passel? 911: Yeah I've heard it. Interviewer: How was people use that? 911: Same way. It's a passel of kids over there. Interviewer: Anything else they'd say about the size of kids? 911: Oh yeah oh. Put it to just about anything. {NW} {X} You could {X} lots of things just almost thing where there was a bunch. You'd call it a passel of cows or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh just pretty darn anything. Now well I wouldn't say anything. You, I would couldn't see putting it to uh well like these cans of soda pop. There are a whole bunch of them. Now I don't necessarily think that's a that's a passel of soda pops over there. I don't think I'd say that. I don't know how you'd define it down in. I guess maybe more into moving living things is where I'd put passel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I might be wrong but that is as close as I can come. Interviewer: What if you were talking about say land someone had about five, six hundred acres. You'd say he had a 911: and you might could put that there. passel, You might put passel on in there I don't know that I would. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say right smart? 911: Oh yeah that's a right smart. oh. {NS} Automobile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: House. Interviewer: What #1 about right # 911: #2 clothes # Interviewer: smart meaning a lot? It's a right 911: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Sm- # smart 911: right That's a right smart bunch of land over there. But I don't use it I don't use it much at all. #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: Can't think of the last time I did use it. But I've heard it used. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And something that um. Kinda vegetable that's green it's kinda long it's sort of bristly outside and sticky inside? 911: Bristly outside and sticky inside? Okra. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what different kinds of beans grow around here? 911: Mm.. Interviewer: Or people get at the store? 911: Green beans like lima beans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {NW} Pinto beans kidney beans. Oh, pork and beans. {NW} What else, I don't know. Interviewer: If you want to get the beans out of the pot you say you have to? What the beans? 911: Hmm you got me. Interviewer: You say you have to shell 'em or hull? 911: #1 Oh, shell them. # Interviewer: #2 Hull them. # 911: Okay, I'd say shell. #1 If you # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 911: Problem here is you getting into stuff that I just {NW} it just nothing I ever use. #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm-mm. # 911: The minute you say 'em I know what but it just words that I wouldn't use. The minute you say it I'd say who yeah I've heard somebody say shell these beans but You know that's why they don't come to mind real quick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of butter beans? 911: Oh yeah, yellow ones? Interviewer: They're different from lima beans? 911: A little bigger, different color. Interviewer: What color are lima? 911: Green. Interviewer: What's the difference between green beans and string beans or snap beans? 911: Green beans or What'd you say green beans or what? Interviewer: String beans or snap beans. 911: Well green beans what I'm more familiar with that's the long round one or even the short round ones with kinda a dark green Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you eat the pod and everything? 911: Yeah. Alright that's string bean that's what I am most familiar with. Now you mentioned a snap beans or uh what was the other? Interviewer: Green bean 911: green bean Green beans and string beans to me are the same thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I imagine maybe snap greens are the same thing, I don't use it though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um little crooked necked vegetables? The little yellow crocked necked 911: Squash. Interviewer: What different kinds? 911: well They're green and yellow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: it's usually called a sometimes I heard people refer to the uh. Well there's another kind that's green and stri- it's striped. {NW} I've heard that referred to as Mexican squash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: The other is just squash. Yellow squash or green squash. Interviewer: What about something that um the white flat kind of squash. Do you ever see that? {NS} 911: White flat. {NW} Round? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Well very similar to the little green one isn't it? I guess. {X} I guess I've seen it good Interviewer: Any special name for it? 911: No I don't think so. Interviewer: What about something you make pie out of at Thanksgiving? 911: Pumpkin. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the little umbrella shaped things that grows out in the fields after it rains? 911: Toad stool mushroom. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 911: No {X} me mushroom's edible toadstool's poisonous. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What different kinds of melons do people get around here? 911: Watermelon mushmelon, cantaloupe. Interviewer: What's the difference between a mushmelon and a cantaloupe? 911: Well a cantaloupe is what kinda of tannish orange on the inside and mushmelon is green. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. On the inside or? 911: No, what is it? I don't know well that if I ever saw mushmelon that's white on the inside. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: I don't know, I don't remember the last one I ate. I like cantaloupe but I Interviewer: Are they about the same shape or? 911: No mushmelon is rounder isn't it? I don't know been a long time since I've seen a mushmelon. {NS} Interviewer: Is that? What about the honey? 911: Honey dew? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: That's yellow isn't it? Interviewer: That's different from- from the mushmelon too? 911: I think so. {NS} Interviewer: Something that people smoke would be? 911: Cigarettes? Interviewer: and? 911: Tobacco. Interviewer: Well #1 cigarettes # 911: #2 cigars # Interviewer: Huh? 911: Cigars. Interviewer: Mm-kay and if someone asks you if you were able to do something you would say sure I 911: I can. Interviewer: Mm-kay and if you weren't able to you would say no I 911: No I can't. Interviewer: And if you just refuse to. They ask you will you do it? 911: No I won't. Interviewer: And you'd say um there was a really bad accident up the road but there wasn't any need to call the doctor because when we got there the people were what dead 911: People were all dead. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever say they were done dead? 911: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 They're # already dead. 911: Mm-mm. Done dead. No I don't believe so. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people use the word done like that? 911: No. Interviewer: And say the child was misbehaving you'd tell 'em you are not doing what you? 911: should. Interviewer: Or what you what to do? 911: ought to do? Interviewer: And say the child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he? 911: shouldn't have. Interviewer: Or he 911: shouldn't of Interviewer: But using the word ought. He did something that he 911: oughtn't to have Interviewer: and 911: Or oughtn't have Interviewer: Huh? 911: oughtn't to have Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone asks you about the possibility of you doing something like helping them with some work next or something. You'd say? Well I am not sure if I can help you but I 911: #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # I might 911: be able to Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever say I might could? {NS} 911: No. I might could Oh I don't think so. I've heard it. I might could help you. Now if I used it I wouldn't I don't think I'd end the sentence there. #1 The way you # Interviewer: #2 How # 911: said a I might could Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I I would probably be inclined to tack on the I might could help you Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I just don't think I'd leave it hanging right there with might could. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: It just seems strange. Interviewer: Can you say you throw a ball and ask anybody to? 911: Catch it. Interviewer: And I threw the ball and he? 911: Caught it. Interviewer: And I have been fishing but I haven't 911: caught anything {NS} Interviewer: And say that would be a hard mountain to 911: climb. Interviewer: But last year my neighbor 911: climbed it Interviewer: But I have never 911: climbed it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 911: An owl. Interviewer: What different kinds of owls are there? 911: Huh? {NS} Well let's see, I'm just to me their owls. Now I've heard of screech owls and hoot owls. Don't ask me what the difference is cuz I don't know. Interviewer: Hmm-hmm. You ever heard any superstitions about owls? 911: Hmm. Superstitions about owls? Seems like I have. Seems like I have heard superstitions about owls {X} What the wise there supposed to be wise old owl. Is that what you mean by superstition? Interviewer: Yeah just- just different things like that. 911: Yeah I've heard that. {X} ever heard anything else. Interviewer: What about a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 911: Woodpecker. Interviewer: Any other name for them? 911: No woodpecker. Interviewer: You ever heard 'em called peckerwood? 911: Yeah. But I don't ever use {NW} I've heard the word never used it so much to get about that bird pecking on that tree that's a woodpecker Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Some guy that's getting in my hair bothering me or that I am not too crazy about I am liable to call him a peckerwood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is it a very insulting word? 911: It is when I use it like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What about a black and white animal that's got a real strong smell? 911: Well I might let me go back I might use that kidding around with somebody. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But uh if I put it to somebody I am not kidding with I mean it pretty strong. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Now what now? {X} Interviewer: A black and white animal that's got a strong smell? 911: Skunk or a polecat. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 911: To me it is. I'd say skunk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a bushy tailed animal that can get up into trees? 911: Squirrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What different kinds? 911: Well around here there's mostly just little bitty ground squirrels. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: We don't have those big furry tailed tree squirrels too much. Mostly just those little bitty gray ones blowing holes in the ground Interviewer: Do they have stripes on their back? 911: There's a dark stripe on the back of 'em I think. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is it the same as a chipmunk? 911: No I don't think so. {X} I don't know of any chipmunks around here either. {NS} But they're different from squirrels I think. Interviewer: What kinds of fish do people get in this area? 911: Oh hell. {NS} Trout red fish red snapper catfish mullets bass. and I don't know there's a bunch more but I'm not a fisherman. Interviewer: Are those saltwater or ? 911: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But what about freshwater? 911: Well not much freshwater around here to fish in. Most of the fishing I ever hear up down here done out in the bay {X} you don't want to go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Saltwater now they are getting these resacas and catch catfish and resacas if there's if they're freshwater cat like you'd catch resacas you can eat them. people people tend to not eat saltwater catfish though. {NS} Interviewer: If you wanted to go fishing then what is something you could dig up to go fishing with? 911: A worm. Interviewer: Differ- are there different kinds or? 911: I don't know I just a long reddish ones I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Um. You were talking about the fish. And then what else do they get from the gulf besides fish? 911: Shrimp. You talking about edible stuff? Shrimp crab. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to buy some of that you'd ask for two or three pounds {C: loud noise} 911: Shrimp. {NS} Interviewer: What about something that comes in shells? 911: Clam. Interviewer: {NW} 911: #1 Crab # Interviewer: #2 something # That pearls grow in. 911: Oh a a oyster. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what would you hear making a big noise around a lake at night? 911: {NS} Frogs. Interviewer: What do you call the big ones? 911: Bullfrogs. Interviewer: What about the other kinds of frogs? {NS} 911: Hold on call 'em? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Just frogs. Well a some people call 'em toads I think. I don't know why they don't just call 'em frogs. Interviewer: The ones that hop around on the land. You call those? Toads or frogs? 911: I'd call 'em frogs. #1 I # Interviewer: #2 What about # the the little green ones? That get up in the trees and come out after it rains? {NS} 911: I don't know if we have those around here. Little green ones. Yeah I guess suppose we do but {NS} I think I'd just still 'em frogs you throw me another name out there and I would probably recognize it but Interviewer: Do you ever hear of spring frogs or rain frogs or? 911: No. No I don't recognize it. Interviewer: And something that you'd find in a in a freshwater stream that looks kinda like a lobster. 911: {NS} Crawfish. Interviewer: And a hard shelled animal that can its neck and legs into its shell? 911: Oh a turtle. Interviewer: This is fo- what different kinds are there? {NS} 911: Well around here mostly the ones I've seen are the those hard shelled ones that um {NS} and then those little flat shelled ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But the only two around here. {NS} Interviewer: What about the ones that get in the water? 911: {NS} Well both of those get in the water. {NS} In resacas you find both of those. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Especially those little soft shell ones. Interviewer: {NS} What about one that just stays on land? {NW} 911: You looking for another name? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I don't know. I don't know that we have any around here that stay just on land. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a turtle called a gopher or cooter or terrapin? 911: I've heard of the word terrapin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But I- I've heard the other two. {NS} Interviewer: Do you use the word terrapin yourself? 911: No I don't think. no I don't know that I ever have no. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And {NS} you say um horses gallop but people? 911: Run. Interviewer: And you say he he was feeling so good that he what all the way home? 911: Ran all the way home. Interviewer: And you'd say he has? 911: Run all the way home. Interviewer: And {NS} you'd say a bee stung me in my hand. {NS} 911: Hurt. Interviewer: It got bigger. 911: Swole up. Interviewer: And it's still pretty badly? 911: Swollen. Interviewer: And if a bee stings you your hand will? 911: Swell up. Interviewer: And say you got someone some medicine you go in and say why haven't you? What your medicine? 911: Why haven't you taken your medicine? Interviewer: And the person would say I already? 911: Took it. Interviewer: And in another hour I'll? 911: Take it again. Interviewer: And a kind of insect that flies around the light and tries to fly into it? {NS} It tries like say if you leave a- a light on. 911: Oh. #1 and # Interviewer: #2 bug? # Uh-huh. 911: A particular kind of bug? Interviewer: It is attracted to light. {NS} {NS} 911: I don't know what they are. They are bugs. Interviewer: What about an insect that eats holes in your wool clothes? 911: Moth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And talking about several of those you are taking about several? 911: Moths. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a candle fly or moth miller or? It's a kind of insect that flies around the light. 911: Yeah miller I've never heard of it till I've heard it from my wife though. I don't know what we call 'em. Just call 'em bugs or moths. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: She calls 'em millers. {NS} Interviewer: What about the insect that has a little light in its tail? 911: Lightning bug. Interviewer: Is that the one that has a light in its tail or in its eyes? 911: No in its tail. Interviewer: Do you ever see one that has a- a light in its eyes? 911: I don't think so. Interviewer: And the kind of insect that flies around at night and bites you and make you #1 itchy? # 911: #2 Mosquito. # Interviewer: Huh? 911: Mosquito. {NS} Interviewer: What about a a tiny red insect that'll get on your skin? 911: Chigger. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 911: Red bug. Interviewer: {NS:background noise} Which would you be more likely to use? 911: Red bug probably. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And a insect that hops around in the grass? 911: Grasshopper. Interviewer: Do you ever hear 'em called a hoppergrass? 911: No. Interviewer: {NS: background noise} And if your were gonna go fishing a- a small fish you could use for bait? 911: A minnow. Interviewer: And if you haven't cleaned a room in a long time up in the ceiling in the corner you might find a? 911: Cobweb. Interviewer: {NS} And outside on a on a bush you might find a? {NS} Something similar to that stretched across a bush? 911: {NS} It'd be the same thing. Interviewer: You'd call it a cobweb whether it's inside or outside? 911: Yes. {NS} Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Does that have a spider in it? 911: Most often. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And an insect that um is about this size a couple inches long or so its got four shiny wings on it? And its got sort of a hard little beck to it? It'll be around damp places. 911: Mud dauber a wasp a yellow jacket. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Hornet. Interviewer: What about a um talking about the wasp talking about about several of those you'd be talking about several? 911: Wasps. Interviewer: Does a mud dauber sting you? {NW} 911: Mm yeah to me a mud dauber is just about the same thing as a yellow jacket. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 Pretty # close. Interviewer: Where does a yellow jacket build a nest? 911: Usually under the eaves of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS:birds} Well a do you ever hear of um a kind of insect that won't sting you but it's about this long or so? {NS} 911: In the same family as these wasps or hornets? Interviewer: #1 I don't # 911: #2 or # Interviewer: I don't know think its really related to- 911: A bee. Interviewer: #1 A Do you ever hear of a # 911: #2 a bee # Interviewer: a dragonfly? 911: Oh yeah a dragonfly. We got a lot of them around here. Interviewer: Any other name for dragonfly? {NS} 911: I don't think so. The little things you talking about I always called 'em dragonflies. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about snake doctor or snake feeder or mosquito hawk? 911: Never heard of that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear darning needle? {NW} 911: For an animal? An insect? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Uh-uh. Interviewer: {NS} And um the parts of the tree that grow under the ground are called the 911: The roots. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 911: {NW} {NS} Roots or vine? {NS} I suppose I've heard of it Roots and vines. Like herbs and stuff like that? Family home remedies? I don't know specifically which ones though. {NS} Interviewer: Are any people around here that maybe that the Latin people are- are they very superstitious or? Do they try to? 911: I think that they there you go back to the older ones a old superstitions and stuff like that {NS} a about home cures and stuff like that maybe some. {NW} {D: not over the} the majority of those people are are catholics. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {D:And I ain't got} it takes a lot of that superstition business out of 'em maybe. but not hey I would not say they were overly superstitious no. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the evil eye? Do people believe in that much here? 911: No. Not to my knowledge. Interviewer: Have you heard of it? 911: The ojo malo {C: Spanish} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NW} 911: Oh kidding around now. Not anything serious though. Interviewer: How's that how's the evil eye supposed to effect you? How's? {NW} 911: Oh I guess it's like a curse I suppose. Put the evil eye on you but I never heard of it being {NS} any big thing or practice around here. I heard that expression ojo malo {C: Spanish} possibly way back yonder they may have had something that they talked about but I'm not Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: not that I'm familiar with. {NS} Interviewer: The kinda tree that you tap for syrup? {NS} 911: {NW:grunt} {NS} Maple tree. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call a big group of those growing together? {NS} 911: Huh. {NS} I don't know. There aren't any around here. {NS} Interviewer: What kind of trees grow around here? 911: Ebony Mesquite Retama Huisache um. Well other than your citrus trees and a few avocado trees and {NW} mainly mainly mesquite and ebony. Interviewer: What about the re-? 911: Retama? Interviewer: What does that look like? 911: {NW} Oh it's it's not a big tree. It's got yellow flowers on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is it good for anything? 911: No. Yellow flowers. I don't know anything that it's good for. Interviewer: I mean it's not good lumber or anything like that? 911: I've never heard of that. No. {NS} Interviewer: What about a tree that is a shade tree? It's got long white limbs and white scaly bark that you can peel off? It's got little knobs or balls growing on it. 911: {NS} Hackberry? Interviewer: No something. 911: Hackberry that's one I forgot grows around here a lot. But I don't know this one you're talking about. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a Syc- 911: Sycamore! Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Not around here. Interviewer: Do you ever hear that called a button wood tree or plain tree? 911: Yeah button wood tree. Something happened under the button wood tree. Oh they formed the New York Stock Exchange under a button wood tree I think. {NW} That's where I've heard it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 911: But they aren't any here. {NS} Interviewer: It is kind of a a tree that it's got big white flowers and shiny green leaves? Sort of a symbol of the South. 911: Magnolia. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a shrub or a bush that the leaves turn bright red in the Fall? It's got little clusters of berries on it. {NS} 911: Mm. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a Sumac or {D:shoe lace}? 911: No. Interviewer: What about a a flowering bush? Called a mountain laurel or rhododendron or 911: #1 Oh I've heard # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 911: of mountain laurel yeah. Interviewer: Does that grow around here? 911: I think some yeah. Interviewer: What else that looks like that maybe a little smaller? 911: Than a mountain laurel? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Hmm. {NS} I don't know. {NS} Interviewer: And the kind of tree that George Washington cut down? 911: Cherry tree. None of 'em here. Interviewer: What different kinds of berries would people get here or get from the store here? {NS} 911: Well just about every kind. I don't know many berries that grow here. {D: It's just not there} you go up the store though you can get {NS} Now fresh I don't know. You got to go to the frozen department. Now you get well you can get fresh strawberries here when they are in season. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And blueberries and raspberries but mostly that stuff frozen. I don't know if getting too much fresh down here other than strawberries. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What bushes or vines will make your skin break out if you touch 'em? 911: Poison ivy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Anything else? {NS} 911: No not that I know of. Interviewer: How do you recognize poison ivy? 911: I wouldn't I don't think I've ever seen any. {NS} Interviewer: And you say that's the book that you what me? 911: Gave me. Interviewer: Mm-kay you'd say you have? 911: Given me that book. Interviewer: And at Christmas you you're supposed to what presents? 911: Give presents. Interviewer: And say I'm glad I'm carrying my umbrella cuz we hadn't gone half a block when it? 911: Started to rain. Interviewer: And say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask? 911: My husband. Interviewer: And he would say talking about her I have to ask? 911: My wife. Interviewer: Any joking ways to refer to each other? 911: Oh the old man or the old lady. My better half. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 911: Uh. The boss. I guess that's about it. Old man old lady better half those are the most common ones I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A woman who's husband is dead is called a? 911: Widow. {NS} Interviewer: What if he just left her? Then she'd be a? 911: Divorcee. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression grass widow? 911: I've heard it but I don't know that is that refer to a woman that's divorced. I don't know. Interviewer: Some people use it that way. {D:It's} 911: Grass widow Seems to me I've heard it but I never used it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the man who's child you are, he's your? 911: Father. Interviewer: And his wife is your? 911: Mother. Interviewer: And together their your? 911: Parents. Interviewer: What did you call your father? 911: What did I call my father? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Dad. Interviewer: Anything else people call their father? 911: Pop dad father daddy papa. Interviewer: {NS} What about your mother? 911: Mom mama mother Interviewer: And your father's father would be your? 911: Granddaddy Interviewer: And his wife would be your? 911: Grandmother. Interviewer: Anything else you call them? 911: Grandma grandpa. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And something on wheels that you could put a baby in {D: and it will lie down} {C:background tapping noise} 911: Baby carriage? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you put the baby in the carriage and then you go out and what the baby? 911: Stroll the baby. Interviewer: And if you had two children you might have a son and a? 911: daughter. Interviewer: Or a boy and a? 911: Girl. Interviewer: And if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has and the same shaped nose you'd say that he? 911: Looks like his daddy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other way of saying that? 911: {NS} Resembles his father. Interviewer: What if he has the same mannerisms and behavior? 911: {NS} Mm. Just like I guess Say just like his daddy looks like his daddy acts like his daddy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} And you say Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say in one year Bob? 911: Grew five inches. Interviewer: And you'd say he certainly has? 911: Grown. Interviewer: {NS} And {NS} if a woman's looked after three children until their grown you'd say she's 911: Raised 'em. Interviewer: And the child is misbehaving you tell 'em if you do that again your going to get a? 911: Spanking. Interviewer: Anything else? {NW} 911: Well uh going to get a spanking? Interviewer: What if it's harder than that? 911: Well whipping. I don't like that word for kids though. Interviewer: Why not? 911: I don't know. I just don't believe in taking after 'em too hard. {NW} Interviewer: #1 What does # 911: #2 I always # think a whipping to me {NS} a whipping to me just sounds a little harsh I figure if I'm going to whip somebody I either am going to hit 'em pretty hard with my closed hand or I am going to take something and do it you know whip to 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: Spanking to me means just kinda patting 'em on the rear end a little harder than usual just to tell 'em they've been bad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Yeah I don't go for whipping kids. {NS} Interviewer: Say if a if a woman was going to have a baby you'd say that she's? 911: {NS} Pregnant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did people used to use that word much? Or did it sound kinda? 911: No. No I don't think so. I think that they kinda Are you talking about let's go back a little ways no they wouldn't use that around kids At least not the people I was around. That's just a he- she's expecting or she's uh Mm in a family way that just go around the bush I think it's just same as a lot of words that they use now that they wouldn't use before. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Different way of thinking but I think the word pregnant was just not used so much around {NS} particular around kids old enough to figure out what's going on. I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 So # I think it's one that they kinda stayed away from some. Interviewer: How do you feel about the word now? Would you use it in front of your if you had small children? 911: Yeah I think I would. Interviewer: Any joking ways of saying pregnant? 911: {NW} {D: You'll have to turn the tape off} {NW} {NS} Um. Joking ways of saying pregnant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: How joking do you want to get? You want to get crude joking? Interviewer: Just every thing you've heard just. 911: Oh well let's see she's pregnant she's knocked up. Interviewer: Does that sound sort of vulgar? 911: Uh I wouldn't use it referring to a someone you know I wouldn't uh use it referring like to my wife or a friend's wife or #1 somebody or # 911: #2 Mm-mm. # You know if it was a friend I think it's used in a more like saying well {NS} somebody you don't know or some situation that {NW} that developed that shouldn't have or something #1 like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: that. You might throw that around a little bit. {NS} Uh. {NS} What else? {NS} Mm. In a kidding way. I don't know if it's. Pregnant? That's not kidding. Uh I guess that's about it. Probably some more go ahead I'll probably know 'em if you say 'em. {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear swallowed a? 911: Swallowed a watermelon seed. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: What about she broke her foot or? 911: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Do you ever hear just she's big? 911: No. Interviewer: And a child that's born to a woman that's not married would be called a? 911: Bastard. Interviewer: Any other names for that child? {NS} 911: Mm I don't know that I'd put the first one on 'em unless I've used you know? {D: I don't think} I'd use that word there talking about somebody I didn't like. I don't think I'd put it on those babies. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 was born # without a daddy. Uh. {NS} Any other words for it? Interviewer: Yeah do you ever hear woods colt or {D:bushchild} or? 911: Oh I've heard, I never, I read it I think it's a woods colt I think I've #1 read in # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 911: books before I've never used it. Interviewer: And your brother's son would be called your? 911: Nephew. Interviewer: And a child who's lost both parents would be a? 911: Orphan. Interviewer: And the person who is supposed to look after the orphan? Would be his legal? 911: Guardian. Interviewer: And do you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say " This town is full of my"? 911: Relatives. Interviewer: Any other name? {NS} 911: Kinfolk. Interviewer: And you'd say well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no? 911: Kin. Interviewer: And somebody who comes into town and nobody has ever seen 'em before? He'd be a? 911: Stranger. {NS} Interviewer: What if he came from a different country? 911: Foreigner. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word foreigner about someone who hadn't come from a different country? But who was a stranger. {NW} 911: No. I don't think so. You mean from this country but just strange in town? No. Interviewer: And a woman who conducts school would be a? 911: Teacher. Interviewer: Any special names for a woman teacher? 911: {NS} No I don't think so. Interviewer: And the name of the mother of Jesus? 911: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington's wife? 911: Martha. Interviewer: And do you remember a a song the name of the song it started out um "Wait till the sunshines"? 911: Nellie. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Nellie. Interviewer: And a male #1 goat # 911: #2 Is that right? # Interviewer: Yes. 911: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: A male goat is called a? {NS} 911: A goat is called a {NS:background noise} um {NS:background noise} I don't know. Interviewer: Or a nickname for William. 911: Oh! Billy goat. Interviewer: And the first book in the New Testament in the Bible? 911: {NW} The first book in the New Testament? I'll just throw 'em all out at you. You tell me which one's right. I don't know. Luke Matthew Mark? Interviewer: Okay. And the name of the wife of Abraham? 911: {NW} The name of the wife of Abraham? I have no idea. Interviewer: What are some girls' names that start with an 'S'? 911: Start with an 'S'? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Sharon Sally Sue. Interviewer: Or Sally is a nickname for? 911: I don't know. Was it I know is it a nickname or something? Interviewer: #1 It's # 911: #2 Sally # Interviewer: Sara or 911: Sara Interviewer: Huh? 911: Sara. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And 911: I got an Aunt named Sara. Is that Sally that's a nickname for Sara? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 911: #2 I didn't know that. # Interviewer: {NS} Um. Someone nicknamed Bill his full name would be? 911: William. Interviewer: And if your father had a brother and you called him by that full name. You'd call him? 911: Uncle Bill. Interviewer: #1 Or? # 911: #2 Uncle # William. Interviewer: And Kennedy's first name was? 911: John. Interviewer: And if your father had a brother by that name? 911: Uncle John. {NS} Interviewer: And do you remember what they used to call a barrel maker? 911: A barrel maker? {NS} No. Interviewer: And as a family name as a last name you know? Are you familiar with the name Cooper? 911: Oh Okay. Cooper. Yeah a barrel maker was a Cooper. Okay. I read that. I've never used it. {NS} Interviewer: If someone had that last name what would you call a married woman with that last name? 911: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: {NS} And say a preacher that's not very well trained. He just short of preaches here and there isn't too good. You'd call him a? 911: That's not too good that preaches here and there? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Um. Oh come on now. Wait a minute. {NS} Uh not anymore they don't do it I don't think, do they? Interviewer: You don't see it too much nowadays. 911: Uh {NW} Used to go from place to place. {NW} It's Bible something. I don't know. Interviewer: What about a carpenter that's not very good at building things? 911: A sloppy carpenter {NW} A carpenter that's not too good at building things. I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a jackleg or 911: #1 oh jackleg # Interviewer: #2 sure # 911: Yeah. Okay. Is that what the preacher is too? Interviewer: Well what do you think of jackleg? {D: What do you think of?} 911: Jackleg mechanic well they just kinda works off his own someplace and you can takes stuff to him that's not too complicated. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is it an insult to be called a jackleg? 911: No. He just not- not a real pro not a real talented in whatever he's doing. Interviewer: What about shade tree or yard ax? You ever heard of that? 911: Shade tree. Shave or shade? Interviewer: What? 911: Shave tree? Interviewer: Shade. 911: Shade tree. Yeah I think so. I guess that would go back to a guy doing his work under the shade of a tree there are like a jackleg. Yeah I guess the jackleg I use that a lot. It just didn't come to mind when you asked me what carpenter that doesn't do things too good. Yeah jackleg fit that. Interviewer: What would you call a jackleg what besides a carpenter what would be a jackleg? 911: Oh mechanic a plumber. Oh. Carpenter mechanic plumber about like that. Interviewer: What about a lawyer? 911: Jackleg. No I don't think I'd put that on somebody like a doctor or a lawyer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Just be someone who has a a trade or? 911: Yeah. Interviewer: {NS} And what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 911: Your Aunt. Interviewer: {NS} And {NS} you'd say um. What time does the movie? 911: Start. Interviewer: Or another word for that? What time does it? 911: Begin. Interviewer: And you say it must've already? 911: Started. Interviewer: #1 Or must # 911: #2 Begun. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. And ten minutes ago it? 911: Began. Interviewer: And say um someone had a question you might say well I don't know the answer you better go what somebody else? 911: Better go ask somebody else. Interviewer: So you'd say so then he what someone else? 911: Asked somebody else. Interviewer: And they'd say your the second person who's? 911: Asked me. Interviewer: And the highest rank in the army? 911: The general. Interviewer: And beneath the general? 911: Colonel. Interviewer: And a person in charge of a ship? 911: A captain. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the word captain used in other situations? Like call the man you work for captain? 911: Oh yeah. Not a whole lot but I've heard it. Interviewer: How- how did you hear it used? {NW} {NS} 911: Captain well um what captain you mean you said other than on of a ship? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 right? # Well you a captain of a team. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And you got a team you got to put together where the head man you are going to call 'em captain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Um. And just kidd- you know about kidding around you might but the work crew or something like that or somebody in charge of something call 'em cap captain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Slang type. {NS} Interviewer: And you say a man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a? 911: Actress. Interviewer: And if you're born in the United States your nationality is? 911: American. Interviewer: And what a woman who works in an office and does the typing and #1 {X} # 911: #2 Secretary # Interviewer: Huh? 911: Secretary. Interviewer: And someone who goes to school? 911: A student. Interviewer: And a person who presides over a court? 911: A judge. Interviewer: {NS} And what different terms are there for black people? 911: For black people. I mean different terms? Good terms and bad terms? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Well there's colored black negro nigger um. With all kinds of different adjectives just put in front of those. Uh. {NW:grunt and or mumbling} Interviewer: How do you feel about each each of those words? {C:lots of background tapping} {NS} 911: Uh. {NS} How do I feel about 'em? I don't have much feeling anything. I think nigger is wrong to call anybody that. I feel it's wrong Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 because # they don't like it. I I mean th- those people have made perfectly clear they don't like to be called niggers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: For them to call 'em that I think is wrong. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh if you tell 'em the the word Uh to me it doesn't mean anything wrong that guy is a nigger well I mean. They take it as an insult. So th n to me don't call 'em that. It's wrong. I believe in not wanting to step on somebody's toes by like by calling 'em something he doesn't wanna be called. Unless you want to be downright insulting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Man tells me he wants me to call 'em yeah I'll call that I mean. {NW} Uh. Interviewer: Which term do you usually use? 911: {NS} Which term do I usually use? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {NW} Colored probably. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh. I have I don't know. Find that stuff too much. I guess they gotten to where they like the word black, is that right? Well I- that kinda goes against the grain me maybe that's what they like and that's what they want. Fine I'll call 'em a black man but I re- Uh. I don't ever had paid much attention to the color of anybody's skin or the way he talks. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 911: #2 If he wants # me to call him black I'll call him black. {NW} Colored is kinda the same way. {NW} Uh. Let's not get into a patriotic all American speech here but I just never do pay too much if I like a guy I just don't care what he looks like, what color he is. If I don't like 'em I just don't pay attention to what color is he. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Oh he is just Joe or Bill or if I have to put a name to 'em like that {NW} I guess it probably be colored or negro. {NW} Interviewer: Any joking names you've heard? 911: {NS} Any joking names I've heard? Yeah jig uh um jig oh. Night-fighter {NW} Interviewer: Night-fighter? 911: Yeah. Interviewer: Ho- how did they get that name? 911: {mumbling} Get 'em someplace in the dark close your eyes you can't find 'em. That's what I have always heard. {NW} That's an expression I've heard. Hey look at that bunch of night-fighters over there. {NS} Mean I've popped one on you you've never heard before? I've heard that before call 'em Interviewer: #1 Night # 911: #2 colored # Interviewer: Fighters? F-I 911: N I G H T. Night. Just like after dark. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 Night # fighters. F I G H T E R. Night-fighter. You say he's a heck of a night-fighter he closes his eyes you can't find him in the dark. Only way you find him by the white of his eyes. {NS} Now that may be all wrong now I've heard it. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 before # Now that's the way I've heard it that's the way I've heard it used. Interviewer: Uh-huh. That's interesting. I've never heard that. What would you call someone of our race? {NS} 911: {X} I guess if I'm in the part, if I'm in a position where I've got to start differentiating between everybody I guess Anglos or whites Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I mean if I am differentiating between colored man and you I mean he's colored or black and you're white Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW:grunt} Any other names for white? 911: Hmm. No I can't think of, whites. Interviewer: What about a child that um one parent is colored and another parent is white? Would you have a special name for that child? 911: {NS} No I don't think so. But I'm sure that there's a lot of joking expressions probably end up I don't think I know that I would necessarily. I'd imagine it would end up being called a half-breed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What- What would you call um what have you heard um people call white people that they sort of look down on it. Don't try to do anything for themselves? 911: White trash. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other terms like that? 911: Poor whites. Interviewer: What would colored people call whites like that? 911: I don't know. I've never been around colored people that much. I suppose they might wouldn't they call 'em white trash? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear the term cracker or? 911: Georgia cracker or what is it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Yeah I've heard it. Interviewer: What about redneck or? 911: Well redneck is usually that's a {NS} that's is that a um {NS} a real anti-colored southern gentleman? {NS} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 Is that what # that is? I've heard it. I don't know exactly I suppose that's what is redneck. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Real prejudice cat mm. Interviewer: What about someone here who who works on a ranches and is is involved with {D:is a } ranching and cowboys and {NS} Any special names for that kind of person? {NS} 911: In charge of it? Interviewer: Well just someone who's who's connected with that. 911: {X} Interviewer: Huh? 911: Well not a cowboy. {NW:laughs} Wait is that a ranch hand or farmhand or rancher or farmer? Interviewer: Do you use the word cowboy around here? I've that around {D: Laredo} 911: #1 not very much. # Interviewer: #2 in places. # 911: A cowboy means a guy on a horse who is taking care of a bunch of cows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh. We don't have 'em around here. Interviewer: {NW} Do you ever hear the term kicker? 911: Yeah. All kinds of kicker music. {NS} Interviewer: What is a kicker now? {NW} 911: Well it's a little bit vulgar expression if you get right down to it. It's a cattle wear's boots. Cowboy he's a cowboy. He's a Western {NS} Western cat with boots on. He's a {NS} refer to that my impression of it or my understanding of a kicker is {NS} he spends the day working around a ranch or farm where there's lots of different droppings from horses and things and he spends the day kicking around in that stuff. Now that may not be the same everywhere that's the that's... Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: odd background noise} 911: What I've always thought it was. Interviewer: It's sort of a, there was a term shitkicker. 911: There you go. Yeah I was just was a {X} but that's what it is. Interviewer: That's what it- it's short for that? 911: Yeah that's always been my understanding of it. Interviewer: Is it an? How do people use the word kicker? Is it joking or? 911: #1 Eh. # Interviewer: #2 insulting or # 911: Eh eh. Get some of these dudes around here that put on those boots and the blue jeans and a big hat and never been within fifty feet of a horse. {NS} I'd put the word kicker on 'em and I'll mean it as an insult. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Uh. Kicker music when you get into country and western stuff. We call it kicker music. {NW} I'd say it's got a little bit of a {NS} I mean yeah I'd say put a little bit of insult tone to it maybe kinda kid- kind of down cutting down a little bit. Kicker. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call someone who who lives way out in the country and doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town people could just look at 'em and tell that he is from away out in the country? 911: A hick. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Anything else? 911: {NW} You might put kicker on him maybe I don't know probably a hick or a oh country coming to town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Something like that. Probably hick. Country hick. Interviewer: Is that insulting or just joking or? 911: Mm seedy. Seed. {NW: Mumbles} What is it seed? I don't know that one. {NW} Oh. Yeah probably so. I'm sure it is. Yeah I know friends of mine the way we've used it before is some guy dresses up some goes some place and he's got his shirt on that doesn't match his pants. We call him a damn hick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh I think it's implied that a he doesn't know how to behave around people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the French people in Louisiana? 911: Cajuns. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any other name for them? 911: Uh Coonass. Interviewer: Is that insulting or joking or what? 911: Well there are two ways to take something like that. It's the way that it's the way it's meant by the person that says it and it's the way it's taken by the person that it is addresses to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh. Most people don't mind being called Cajuns or Coonasses. Um. Then you use it in conversation I guess you're not insulting 'em. If they don't like it and you're putting it on 'em I guess you mean it as an insult I'd say most people around here that use it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Are kind of cutting kinda tryna to like we don't think too much of 'em Interviewer: Are there a lot of um Cajuns are working around the the port? 911: Yeah on the shrimp boat. No I I've heard the word Coonass put on them more than Cajun. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Anything else you've heard 'em called? 911: No. Interviewer: What about the Mexican people? {NS} 911: A like what about 'em? Interviewer: What different names or do people give them? 911: {NW} Now you talking about Mexicans from the other side of the bridge or this side? Interviewer: Both. {NW} 911: Well. People from outside of the bridge they're Mexicans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Pure Mexicans. Now there's nothing wrong with that. That's like me calling you an American. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: A person on this side of the river he's an American. Now he's not a Mexican. To me a Mexican is a cat that's a Mexican citizen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: loud background noise} 911: If the guy lives on this side of the bridge and don't care what his name is he is an American citizen. He's an American. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And you get into this foolishness down here tryna to figure out whether he's supposed to call 'em Latin Americans or... or Mexican Americans or and all that foolishness I just never had liked that stuff I just try to avoid it {c: loud noise in background} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Man is American. If he doesn't like it if he's always griping about something and wants to go around here waving the Mexican flag like some of those cats do pack it up and go back across the bridge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: That's the way I feel about it. {NW} If I have to put a name on it I guess I'd probably call 'em a Latin American but it goes against the grain to use it. I mean but if I had to differentiate between him and a guy named Smith I guess I'd call 'em a Latin American. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But I that kind of stuff it just doesn't it goes down hard with me. I just don't believe in all that foolishness. Interviewer: Are there any insulting names that people give to 911: #1 I just call 'em # Interviewer: #2 Mexicans? # 911: You can call 'em Spics you can call 'em Mexes Greasers uh Pachucos uh oh spic greaser Interviewer: What's a Pachuco? 911: Well that's a knife carrying long haired hippy acting Mexican. That's what Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Pachuco is. Now he's bad medicine better leave that cat alone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Usually in the olden days when I was growing up they wore peg pants and a long chain whether it was a Mexicans answer to a zoot suit or you remember the zoot suiters? Interviewer: I've heard of that. I'm 911: #1 with a long # Interviewer: #2 not sure # 911: coats down to their knees and the big lapels and the baggy pants with a peg at the bottom and the long chain they could twist around like that is Pachuco is a Mexican with a duck tail hair cut and a switch-blade in his pant pocket and peg pants and is kinda weird acting. Kind of I don't know just somebody who you don't fool with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you um call someone who's? 911: Answer to that is that they usually shorten it down to Chuc Interviewer: Uh-huh {NS} What about someone who's Well have you ever heard the term Pocho? 911: Pocho {C: speaking Spanish} I don't think so. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Referring to what? Interviewer: To someone who's not able to speak really either language very fluently. Who's not a Mexican American or Latin American or whatever. Who's 911: Pocho {C: speaking Spanish} I don't think so. Interviewer: What about someone who's one parent is Mexican and the parent is American? Any special names for someone like that? 911: Mm. Now you talking about a Mexican from this side now? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: It wasn't that #1 or # Interviewer: #2 I mean uh # Well 911: A Latin American with an Anglo one Anglo parent and one Latin American. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or Mexican. {NS} #1 That # 911: #2 Well # I mean you want to cut the guy down you put half-breed on 'em but I don't know any particular names probably not. {NW} In the old days around here I'm sure there were terms for all that stuff but I think its something that's gradually died with Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Or- or or just not being passed on. I'm sure that there were names for those things cause they had names for everything {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But nowadays I just people just began to live more and more I think people are beginning to live and let live and I think any name you put on to somebody like that is a cut. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: You know. I mean in the first place its not that guy's fault. {NW} and in the second place if his mother was an Anglo and his father was Latin American but they were happy well that's nobody's business but their own so why put a name on it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What other names are there for Anglos? Are there any insulting names? 911: Gringo. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Uh. Gringo. Anglo gringo... Uh they can say Americano in such a way its more of a cut than any then any of those terms there. {NS} Usually gringo. If they just kind of want to cut at you a little bit they put that gringo out there in such a that you know they cutting at you pretty Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 good. # Interviewer: What about the term Chicano? {NW} 911: Chicano. That I don't know exactly what that's supposed to mean. {NW} That gray picker cat up there you say he think he started that stuff up. We could've without that man that {NS} Interviewer: That stuff? 911: Chavez. That Chicano power and all that stuff. I'm gonna tell you and they, you know I gotta go back now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: These people were not There never was any I'm American you're Mexican. All this stuff around here. We didn't have any trouble around this place. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Now yes these people were underpaid. Interviewer: The migrant workers? 911: Yeah of course we didn't have migrant workers coming in here. We had migrant workers going that way. Mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: See now. Uh. Most of the migrant, I don't mean. We got 'em here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: They do the work here and they go somewhere else. Michigan to pick {D:beach} or California to pick grapes or someplace else they migrated usually away from here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {X} business up the valley here with something and that's {D: your child that just came in here} Yeah these people were underpaid. Uh they had kinda bad living. Not all 'em now. But some of 'em they had bad living conditions and stuff like that but. {NS} They were not educated enough nor were they able to earn for themselves. They weren't able to do more than pick that cotton Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 911: #2 by # hand and it was a question of economics. You could afford to pay a man so much to pick so much cotton. You wanted to start pushing it up where you had to pay him more than you were gonna get for it. {NS} Well it finally adjusted up to where they were making pretty good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And that's all they were able to do and then they got these guys in here like Cesar Chavez that wanted to pay 'em twenty dollars a day for all that which a mans got a right to earn but a man can't afford to pay can't do it. And I- I saw what was coming. They brought in mechanical cotton pickers. So all they did was put maybe eight or nine-thousand people out of of work two months out of the year they were making more money than they ever thought they'd make. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {D: Well that's stirred it up right?} You don't see any hand-picked cotton around now. Maybe a few. But just here and there pick it with machines now they do all that stuff. Uh so where are these guys that were picking cotton? Where did they end up? End up not working any place cuz they're not able to. The majority are still around here. Or a lot of those people are Mexican citizens anyway. {NW} They get over here and they never bother to get nationalized or anything they just move on over. Sneak across that bridge and they just sit and the first thing they do is draw unemployment and welfare and food stamps and everything else and they belong back over there. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Now those are the main ones that get up and beat the table when some guy like Cesar Chavez shows up. Interviewer: Has he come around here very much? 911: Well he was up the valley here somewhere stirring up about a What was it they let rot out in the field cuz he wouldn't let 'em go in there and pick it up around far- somewhere. I don't remember what he wouldn't let 'em pick. What was it? {NS} Uh I don't know. Interviewer: Is wasn't part of the lettuce? 911: Yeah there you go. Head of lettuce {X} they just let a bunch of it rot out there. They said {X} I can't afford to pay that much and still make any money cuz in those Gotta remember we went through a period we used to grow lots of vegetables down here just a whole bunch. They don't do it anymore. Cuz the price got to where it wasn't, I saw {NW} many years it cabbage would be up and just beautiful cabbage ready to pick. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And the price was so low it was going to cost 'em more to get it out there then they could get for it I saw many man run a tracker with a plow and just ditch that stuff up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: And tear it up. Says I just can't afford to pick it and sell it. {NS} Uh. I don't know. I racial business just I don't know they call it maybe Chicano power and I got a guy I argue with all the time you ever heard of the Raza Unida Party? Interviewer: That's a 911: United race it's a bunch of radical Mexican Americans that want to celebrate Mexican holidays and stuff like that over here and I've told 'em to their face that if they want to celebrate Mexican holidays move back to Mexico. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: They put that stuff on me. I just tell 'em remember the Alamo. Go on about your business. Leave me alone. You're an American. You're in the United States. If you don't like it get out. That's all I can say. {NW} You got a right to protest and all this but don't {NW} come around knocking it and waving Mexican flags and stuff like that and burning American flags at me it gets my dander up. Interviewer: {NS} Mm-hmm. 911: Don't wanna have a Mexican party down here go organize it over there in Mexico. Just You want to protest the way things are being done do it in an orderly fashion. Everybody's got a right but don't come up here just to end up getting somebody hurt getting people busted out of jobs. Everybody got a right to try and better themselves. But not at the expense of somebody else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does this organization does it get is it very popular around here? 911: Raza Unida? Interviewer: #1 It's # 911: #2 Mm-hmm. # a joke. But it's a joke that's going to get serious one of these days. They took over a city up the line here. It wasn't, they weren't calling themselves Raza Unida then uh they may have started by then. {NW} And they took a little town a few hundred two hundred miles up the boarder here and they had a big political campaign they elected the mayor and four commissioners. And just put all them other boys out of office. {NS} And about six or seven months time, time broke. Couldn't pay the employees. {NW} Now that's not taking away. Their just not qualified. Now they don't need to be lead around by their nose but by the same token they got to realize. I can go get five of those guys that are these rebel rising type guy, type guys and make 'em mayor and city commissioner of Brownsville and sink the town. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: That's not fair to the other people living there. That's my point. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {NW} {X} but and They do it in such a manner by stirring up and when these other cats do get in power the first thing they do is take a big board and hit 'em along side the head so they shut up and behave themselves if they come up there in the proper fashion they'd get heard they are not gonna get stepped on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Except they do because of the way they come up. {NS} Start trying to make trouble and stuff. Well. I don't know about it just I don't believe in all that foolishness. {NS} I just {NS} I could go on and on about that. We better go on to the next question. That's kind of a {D: thorn in my side} when I grew up around here we just never paid any attention to what the other kid was I {NS} Interviewer: Did you used to um well someone I was talking to in Laredo told me that he thought the- the word he was Mexican American whatever you call 'em, he thought the word Chicano was very insulting. 911: #1 It is. # Interviewer: #2 That it meant # sort of a lower class. 911: #1 Mm yeah # Interviewer: #2 Mexican # Did did you grow up hearing it? 911: Well I never heard that word till about. I never heard the word Chicano. {NW} Till just a few years ago when they started all this highfalutin stuff #1 around here. # Interviewer: #2 with the politics? # 911: Yeah. and the Cesar Chavez type stuff. I don't remember hearing the Chicano when I was growing up. {NS} I sure don't. We're talking about that here year or so I don't remember who it was maybe somebody growing up here with me? In Latin America we couldn't ever remember hearing the word Chicano. Interviewer: #1 Would he have # 911: #2 Was it # Interviewer: been insulted if someone had called him a Chicano? 911: He wouldn't have been insulted if I had called him you damn Chicano after we heard #1 the word. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 911: But he wouldn't take it kindly if some cat came up to him on the street and said well you're nothing but Chicano he would probably raise up. Interviewer: {NW} 911: {NW} Just like I got friends that are Latin Americans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: and they'll do something dumb or something I mean anything that I might do. Nothing out of the ordinary but mess up something. And I say well you {C: Spanish name?} you nothing but a damn Mexican. And they laugh, they think it's funny. But don't let some stranger come up there and say get out of my way you damn Mexican. He is going to hit him right in the face Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And it just all in what you are saying and who's saying it. Interviewer: Do you think of the word Anglo as meaning the same as white? Or 911: #1 Well yeah. # Interviewer: #2 do you think of # Mexicans as being a a separate race or or would- would you? 911: We're back to like we have to come up with a name to differentiate between a a negro and a white. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 {D:We end up} # black and white or colored and white or negro and white. What do you want to call Mexicans you call 'em browns and us whites? Or tans and whites Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 or # Or brown power they started up here for a while but it didn't last very long. They were walking around with fists up and they were calling it brown power. Lasted about six months. {NW} {NS} Uh. {NS} If we're Anglos and their Mexicans then that I guess it you know we're {NS} Latin Americans and Anglos. I guess we should really call ourselves Anglos. Whites oughta be Anglo-Saxons. That should be a Spanish-American and You know what I mean? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 911: #2 {X} # stop I didn't ever worry about {X} {NS} You know if I ever get pinned down when I'm talking to somebody and they ask me well I guess I'd call 'em a Latin American or something Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 like # that. But then likely I'd probably call 'em a Mexican. {NS} If he was an American Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 And # I would mean it a little bit on the insulting side. Interviewer: Uh-huh 911: If he's a friend of mine, of which I have many, that live on the South side of that river Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I call 'em a Mexican I don't think {D:its mean}. I'm calling him what he is. Just like he would call me an American. Interviewer: Say if it was kinda icy outside and you were walking around and you'd say well. That ice is- is hard to walk on I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I? 911: Almost fell. Interviewer: Or I like to? 911: like to fall like to fell I don't know. Wait a minute. I almost fell. I like to fell. I guess so I liked to fell. Interviewer: So you'd say it begrudgingly? 911: #1 No. Not too much. # Interviewer: #2 Like just? # And someone is waiting for you to get ready so y'all can go somewhere. Calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon. You say I'll be with you in? 911: I'll be with you in just a minute. Interviewer: And you say those children get mad and what? 911: {NS} Those children get mad? Interviewer: They get mad and? 911: Fight. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And yesterday they? 911: fought. Interviewer: And ever since they were small they had? 911: been fighting. Interviewer: but they #1 had? # 911: #2 or fought. # Interviewer: And you say talking about something you see in your sleep. You'd say this is what I? 911: Dreamt. Interviewer: And often when I go to sleep I? 911: Dream. Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I had? 911: Dreamt. Interviewer: And you say I dreamt I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I? 911: Woke up. Interviewer: And you'd say this part of my head is my? 911: Forehead. Interviewer: And this is my? 911: Hair. Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a? 911: Beard. Interviewer: And this is my? 911: Ear. Interviewer: Which one? 911: Left ear. Interviewer: And this is? 911: My right ear. Interviewer: And? 911: My lips. Interviewer: Or the whole thing? 911: My mouth. Interviewer: And this is your? 911: Neck. Interviewer: And? 911: Throat. Interviewer: What about the term goozle? 911: Goozle? Interviewer: Do you ever hear that? 911: Never heard that. Interviewer: And you say these are the? 911: Lips. Interviewer: Or? 911: Teeth. Interviewer: And this is one? 911: Tooth. Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth? 911: Gum. Interviewer: And this is one? 911: Hand. Interviewer: Two? 911: Hands. Interviewer: And this is the? 911: Palm of my hand. Interviewer: This is one? 911: Fist. Interviewer: Two? 911: Fists. Interviewer: And a place where the palms come together? You call a? Joint. 911: And on a man this part of his body is his? Interviewer: Chest. And these are the? 911: Shoulders. Interviewer: And you say this is my? 911: Leg. Interviewer: And one? 911: Foot. Interviewer: And I have two? 911: Feet. Interviewer: And this sensitive bone here? 911: Funny bone. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say that if I get down in this position you'd say I? 911: Squatted. Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? {NS} Do you have any 911: Hunker down Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 there is # another word. I've heard it but I don't think I ever use it. Hunkered? Hunkered. #1 I've # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 911: heard it but I don't use it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear down on your hunkers or haunches or? 911: Yeah down on your haunches. I never use it. I've heard those though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What is your haunches? 911: I suppose uh I guess it'd be the back part of your legs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if somebody has been sick for a while {NS} you'd say well he's up and about now but he's looks a bit? {NS} 911: Mm. Sickly. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone who's in good shape you'd say he's big and? 911: Strong. Interviewer: What if he is getting a little overweight? You'd say he's? 911: Well you can say he is getting fat or he's putting on weight. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say he's stout or husky? 911: Yeah both of those stout or husky. {NS} Interviewer: #1 Well # 911: #2 Well # Husky means less of those terms referring to getting fat. Husky to me means more of a guy that's not so much fat as as {NS} pretty big in the arms and chest. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: That'd be husky. I tend to use that less referring to somebody getting overweight. {NS} Interviewer: What about stout? 911: Stout would be if a guy has a little bit of a stomach on 'em I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: That guy is stout. Portly. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word stout talking about butter that's turning bad? 911: Mm-mm. Interviewer: {NS} And someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper much you'd say that he's? 911: Easy-going. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And someone like a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs? 911: Gangly. Interviewer: Okay. What if he's always stumbling or dropping things? 911: Clumsy. Interviewer: And if a person just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you'd say he's just a plain? {NS} 911: Idiot. Interviewer: Anything else? 911: Fool. Interviewer: How do you feel about the word fool? Does- does it sound really bad to say or very 911: #1 Mm # Interviewer: #2 insulting? # 911: He's a fool. Well usually when I use it like that I say that man is a fool I mean stupid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh. Usually the term use it like fooling around well there is like Interviewer: Mm-hmm 911: So when I ain't got much to do so I'm just sitting there fooling around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I don't mean that bad. If I use it usually I mean it as pure stupid. {NS} Interviewer: What about Spanish words that are insulting like that? 911: Like stupid? I mean like fool? Mm there's expressions in there you call someone a baboso {C: speaking Spanish} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Now that means that you That's to babos- {C: speaking Spanish} Babos- {C: speaking Spanish} is- is uh saliva, split. So when you put the term baboso {C: Speaking Spanish} on somebody you're picturing you're or you're referring to somebody that's running around with spittle coming down his chin all the time he's a fool, stupid. Interviewer: What about the word pen- 911: Pendejo? {C: speaking Spanish} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Well there's a lot of words. There's a lot of meanings to that a.. Uh. I use it to mean a dummy. He's a pendejo {C: speaking Spanish} he's just pure stupid. And somebody told me one time that the word pendejo {C: speaking Spanish} can also be used or used to be used or is used and this I never use it this way but I've been told {NW} that it also could refer to , you call a guy pendejo {C: speaking Spanish} would mean that his wife is fooling around on 'em. Now I don't know the truth of that. You are Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 911: #2 pin # that down on somebody that knows older Spanish around here more than I do. Interviewer: If you call someone a pendejo {C: speaking Spanish} would that be? Make him very mad? 911: Oh I would think so. But here you see, those are expressions we use 'em all the time I use those I use the word expression like pendejo {C:speaking Spanish} and baboso {C:speaking Spanish} a lot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: with friends of mine that are even are not really bilingual. because then then they know those words. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: We use 'em in a kidding way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh. {NW} Like {NS} I got a lot of friends that are just like I am. We'd rather mess around. We'll mess around. We just don't get serious. {NS} I mean it's gotta be something earth shaking to get us too serious about something. {NW} We call each other those things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: You do something halfway dumb whether it be on the golf course or any silly thing like you are going to the picture show and you drop your popcorn or something like Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 that. # Pendejo or you baboso {C:speaking Spanish} We use 'em like that. We don't get mad at each other now. {NW} If I was in real getting real uptight with somebody they're almost to the fighting point I don't think I'd put those words on 'em. I'd come out with something in English a whole lot stronger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: So to me those just kidding around term the way I use 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I'm sure that they get down {NW} your true Mexicans or your Latin Americans that are really wanting to cut down somebody like we might call 'em a S-O-B they might call 'em a pendejo or baboso {C: speaking Spanish}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What would you call someone who has a lot of money but but really hangs onto his money? 911: Tight. Interviewer: Or he'd be a? What? 911: Mm miser. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Anything else? 911: Penny-pincher or {NS} Uh. {NS} Oh what's the other word? I don't know many more words. I usually come up with tight or stingy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Not stingy too much. I usually use the word tight. {NS} Interviewer: What about an older person who still gets around real well. Does all his work. Doesn't seem to get tired. You'd say for his age he's still awfully? 911: Mm. Spry Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 probably # Interviewer: And say if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help but feeling a little? 911: Concerned. Interviewer: Or a little? 911: Worried. Interviewer: Or you wouldn't feel easy about it you'd say you felt? 911: Uneasy. Interviewer: And someone else would say well they'll be home alright just don't. 911: Worry. Interviewer: And a child might say I'm not going to go upstairs in the dark I'm? 911: {NS} Afraid of the dark? Interviewer: Mm-kay. So you'd say I don't see why she's afraid now she? 911: didn't used to be. Interviewer: And when you say a person is common what does that mean? 911: Common? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Oh. Person who's common? {NS} Kinda trashy {NW} Interviewer: It's an insulting thing to? 911: Oh yeah I don't a person who's common. I don't throw that around too easy I just. These other words we've gone over that I told you use in fun and all that like {X} that are really pretty strong words if you use them in a harsh way. Now common to me it just kinda taking down on somebody and his folks and everything else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} 911: Oh. Interviewer: What about if you? 911: I've heard the word common put in front of the words white-trash. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: It's pure, common white-trash And it to me is getting down there pretty good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What if you say if a girl was very common? What does that mean? 911: Mm. Very common. Well probably looks tacky. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 Probably. # Uh. Scroungy looking and and uh. Doesn't know how to talk or doesn't have any manners. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: No you know stuff like that. Interviewer: Say someone leaves a lot of money on the table. Goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door? You'd say he's mighty what with his money? 911: Free. Interviewer: Or? 911: Mighty loose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Or just a damn fool. Interviewer: Or just to leave it lying like that? {NW} Where anyone could steal it? 911: Careless. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Careless. Interviewer: And someone who makes up his mind and then you can't argue with 'em? 911: He's hard headed. Interviewer: And someone who you can't joke with without him loosing his temper? Just any little thing. 911: You can't joke. {NS} Hello. A yeah one oh no she she isn't. No. Well I think she's up the street with a friend of hers. {NS} Mm. No that does not sound right. Who is this? {NS} Am I {X} Hello? {NS} {X} whole time he was talking Um. Okay somebody is what hard headed and you can't joke with 'em? Interviewer: Someone who's real sensitive about? 911: Touchy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say well I was just kidding. I didn't know you'd get so. 911: {NS} You'd get so. {NS} Well {NS} Interviewer: Just all of the sudden he got really? 911: Mad. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if someone is about to lose their temper you'd tell 'em to just? 911: Calm down. Interviewer: And Interviewer: Working very hard you'd say you were very? 911: Tired. Interviewer: Any other ways of saying that? {NS} 911: I've been working very hard I'm worn out. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say there is nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy about sometimes she acts kind of {NS} 911: Nuts. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 911: #1 Nutty # Interviewer: #2 Any other # Any other expressions? 911: Crazy. Interviewer: What about the word queer or {D: queer}? 911: Man's kinda queer? I don't think I'd put that in there. Eh what's wrong with Aunt Lizzy, but sometimes she acts kinda nutty. I'd be I'd go towards nutty. I guess I've heard it put she acts kinda queer. I don't think I'd use that that way much anymore though. That has a different meaning more of less to it now. Interviewer: What different meanings does it have? What did it first mean? 911: #1 Well I think # Interviewer: #2 What does it mean now? # 911: I think years back you might've used it that way well look watch out for Aunt Lizzy. She's acting a little bit queer. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 911: #2 {NW} # That meant well kinda a bit on the fruit cake side. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Nowadays you come out and pop somebody like that they might think the guy is kinda funny you know? {X} Or she or he or whatever a little bit on the what's the other word for it? A little bit on the on the uh? {NS} Well you know what I am talking about a little bit on the? Interviewer: Homosexual. 911: Homosexual side yeah. Interviewer: How long has it been meaning that? Since most of your life? 911: #1 You know when I # Interviewer: #2 Or is that a recent # 911: No when I when I go back to when I was growing up get into high school and what not we put the word queer on some cats we were trying to you know we're talking homosexual business but the older folks you know today they were still using it meaning Aunt Lizzy was kind of on the nutty side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: But I don't think the older folks that are still around don't go for that. I think they, you know, just change in time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did 911: But I guess they don't use the word nutty either. I'd imagine they'd say a little bit eccentric. I wouldn't Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 say # that. You'd ask me what I'd say I'd say probably nuts. Interviewer: Did you used to use the word queer as a noun? #1 Say she was # 911: #2 {X} # Interviewer: a queer? Meaning she was eccentric. 911: {D:What do you mean?} No I don't think so. I think they use it more the way you put it there. Watch out {D:Frank} this is something or rather but she acts queer or sometime meaning not as a noun. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Meaning she's had strange behavior. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the Spanish word for homosexual? 911: Puto {C:Speaking Spanish} Interviewer: Puto {C: Speaking Spanish} 911: Puto {C: Speaking Spanish} Interviewer: Is that very insulting or? 911: Yeah that's pretty good. Now we don't kid around with that too much. Well I mean we there again depends on who. You know how close you are. You might #1 probably # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 911: good close friend with that. Tell 'em his acting like one or if he shows up some strange looking set of clothes on you might tell 'em that. {NS} We we'd come out more than English would but that's that's just downright queer there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does that word just refer to a man? 911: Well if you put an A at the end of it and now you're not referring now to a homosexual woman though you referring to a prostitute. Interviewer: A male? #1 homosexual # 911: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 A # 911: #2 Puto {C:speaking Spanish} # is a male you're calling somebody a homosexual. A male. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Now you put an A on it and turn it into Puta {C: Speaking Spanish} and you're now referring to a female but a prostitute. {NS} Interviewer: Hmm. What about the word Joto {C: Speaking Spanish}? 911: That's the same. As- as a male as a male prostitute a male homosexual. {NS} But I mean to me they mean the same thing. Joto or puto {C: Speaking Spanish} {NS} To me it's the same thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Male homosexual. {NS} Now how you come up with a female homosexual I don't know. Unless you took that Joto {C: Speaking Spanish} put an A- on the end of it. I don't know whether that'd work or not. I never thought about that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That the word Puta {C: Speaking Spanish} means? 911: To me it's always been Interviewer: #1 prostitute # 911: #2 a prostitute # Yeah. Interviewer: Did they have that in {D: Speaking Spanish or Texas town} 911: #1 {NW: mumbling} # Interviewer: #2 prostitutes? # 911: Oh yeah. Holy smokes. They got a whole town down there about couple three miles outside of {X} Red light district. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Or boy's town. Interviewer: Prostitutions legal just? 911: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Anywhere in Mexico? # 911: #2 {X} # Yeah. But in one place. They can't just spread 'em out all over town. They have one locality. And they build up bars and and uh. Places like that and little houses around. As long as they keep it in one area. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: As long as they go to the doctor once a week and get health certified and all that it's legal. Interviewer: Hmm. 911: It's dirty. Holy smokes. Every time somebody comes down here from away from here, that's the first thing they want to see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {X} {NS} I guess the last time I take some cats over there and once they get there they're just disappointed you know? They think they are really going to see something. It's just pure filth. Uh. Well okay #1 next question. # Interviewer: #2 Do you think it # should be legal here? 911: Here? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh. Should it be legal here? Interviewer: Or has there ever been any discussion about that? 911: {NW} Are you talking about in Texas or are you talking about in the United States? Interviewer: Well both just I guess it would... 911: I guess Texas sometime is kind of funny from the rest of the country {D:something funny} {D: I don't} What are you going to get into that old argument that if you can legalize female prostitution for men how come we can't have prostitute houses for women to go to? I got in that argument at a cocktail party one time. I don't see anything wrong with that. Uh. If you had legalized prostitution if it was kept in one place you know not make it a big area with big neon signs on it but {NS} Where these girls were licensed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: And had to had to be checked. periodically like once a week for disease or stuff like that. And it was controlled where you just couldn't all of the sudden show up as an independent. Where you had to be licensed just like uh I I just don't think there'd all that much wrong with it. I mean it might prevent some foolishness that goes on if it got you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {D: Mighta} I don't know maybe it wouldn't. That's kinda far-fetched statement. I got to think about that but Uh I I'm just pretty broad minded about a lot of things. If a gal wants to make a living that way and she's not hurting anybody and the guy wants to go spend his money there well get it on you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Uh. #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Um. # 911: Huh? Interviewer: I guess you mentioned earlier the sort of Baptists conservatives. 911: Oh my lord. They'd die. If you talked {D: like you just did}. They almost have a {D: big old heart attack} {D:think I'm damned} talked to them about having legalized prostitution. They'd probably would burn the state down. Interviewer: {NW} Um. 911: Well it is just like the gambling There's girls that are going to do it anyways. They know they're available. And the guys there is enough men that know where they are and how to find 'em so they can send other people over there. It's going on. So just why not make it legal and control it rather than have 'em running around passing stuff on that you don't want to have? And you know? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {D:I don't} It's in every town in Texas. Of the size at all. Girls that you could get a hold of and you know? It's no secret to anybody so why not try and legalize it and control it somewhat? {NS} Interviewer: Say the person who had been well and suddenly got a disease. You'd say well. Yesterday they were fine then why is it that they? 911: Got sick. Interviewer: And if a person went outside and its bad weather and came in was sneezing and his his eyes were running you'd say? 911: Caught a cold. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Caught cold. Interviewer: And if it affected his voice, you'd say? 911: Sore throat laryngitis. Interviewer: He sounded a little? 911: Hoarse {NS} Interviewer: And if he did that you'd have a? 911: Cough. Interviewer: And someone who can't hear anything at all. You say that he's? 911: Deaf. Interviewer: And if a person say a man has been at work in- in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it is all wet. You'd say look how much I 911: Sweated. Interviewer: And a sore that comes to a head is called a? 911: Sore that comes to a head a ball? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other names for that? 911: A ball a ball is a ball. Interviewer: What about when it opens? The stuff that comes out? 911: Pus. Interviewer: And from a blister? 911: What a blister? Interviewer: You know the stuff inside it? Is {NS} 911: Well isn't that the same thing though is it? Interviewer: What would you call the stuff inside a blister? 911: Well usually water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the? 911: The wound? Interviewer: And if the wound doesn't heal back right it gets sort of a skinless growth over it. It's gotta be cut out or burned out. You could- horses get that a lot on their legs. You call that? 911: Hmm. I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called some kind of flesh? 911: I don't Interviewer: #1 {X} # 911: #2 think so- # Interviewer: flesh or {D:crown} flesh? 911: No. I don't think so. Interviewer: And if you have a little cut on your finger. Brown liquid medicine that stinks 911: Iodine. Interviewer: What about a real bitter medicine? People used to take... 911: Bitter? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would they take for Malaria? 911: Oh quinine. {NS} You thought I was going to say {D:well let's say I had an English friend once}. {NS} Quinine {C: IPA DIFFERENCE ADD} It's quinine {C: IPA DIFFERENCE ADD LATER} Interviewer: {NS} Say if someone was shot and didn't live. You'd say that he? 911: Died. Interviewer: Any nicer ways of saying that? 911: Passed away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a a joking way of saying it. As sort of a 911: Kicked the bucket. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd say he has been dead a week and nobody has figured out yet what he? 911: Died of. Interviewer: And a place where people are buried? 911: Cemetery. Interviewer: And what they put the body in? 911: Coffin. Interviewer: And the ceremony 911: #1 there's # Interviewer: #2 funeral # Huh? 911: Funeral. Interviewer: And people dressed in black you say that they are in? 911: Mourning. Interviewer: And on an average sort of day if someone asks you how you're feeling. You'd say? 911: Pretty good. Interviewer: And when you're getting old and your joints start hurting you say you've got? 911: Arthritis. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 911: Bursitis. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 911: Mm. No I think arthritis is worse, isn't it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I don't think. I don't know if medically if it is the same thing or not but I think you {NS} get little touches of bursitis around and arthritis will cripple up the fingers and everything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a a disease um. People used to get the get a really bad sore throat and they'd choke up and? 911: Strep throat. Interviewer: Something- something worse than that. That they died from. 911: Oh um Smallpox? Interviewer: What about dip- 911: Diphtheria. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a disease where your {C: loud background noise} skin and eyeballs turn yellow. 911: Skin and eyeballs? Is that hepatitis? Interviewer: It's, you get it along with hepatitis I think. 911: Oh. Jaundice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you have a pain down here and have to have an operation? 911: Appendicitis? {NS} Interviewer: Any old fashioned name for appendicitis? 911: Not that I know of. Well not that I've heard. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Not that I've heard. {NS} Interviewer: And you ate something that didn't agree with you and it came back up. You'd say you had to? 911: Throw up. Interviewer: Any other ways of saying that? 911: Vomit. Interviewer: Which sounds nicer. 911: Throw up. Interviewer: What about a really crude way? Of saying that. 911: Up chuck. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Up chuck. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else? 911: Toss your cookies. Interviewer: Toss your cookies? 911: Yeah. Interviewer: I've never heard that. 911: I got an Oh man I feel terrible I think I'm gonna toss my cookies. Interviewer: Does that sound sort of joking or does it sound crude or? 911: Well it's just joking. To me. Interviewer: Say if a person threw up you'd say he was 911: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 911: Sick to his stomach. Interviewer: And say if there was a {NS} Um. Something that you do everyday. If I ask if you to do it often. You'd say yes I? 911: Yes I? Interviewer: All the time yes I? 911: I do it all the time. Interviewer: And if you're asking me whether he does that sort of thing. You'd ask me? 911: Does he do it all the time? {NW} Interviewer: And I'd say I don't smoke but he? 911: Does. Interviewer: And if I ask you if you know a person. You might say well I don't know 'em but I? 911: Know who he is. Interviewer: {D: Right. What of him?} 911: I've heard of 'em. Interviewer: And do you ever hear {X: load background noise blocks audio} 911: Yeah. I've heard tell of 'em. I've heard that. I've probably used it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say that there was a loud noise and I asked you did I- did you? 911: Hear that. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say yes I? 911: Heard it. Interviewer: And you say I think that's right but I'm? 911: Not sure. Interviewer: And you'd say well I don't know if he did it or not but people? {NS} 911: Say he did. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And the boy spending keeps on going over to the same girl's house he's spending a lot of time with her. You'd say that he's? 911: Going steady. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any old fashioned way of saying that? 911: No from my time forward is going steady. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say courting? 911: Oh. Yeah well I've heard courting. Yeah they're courting. Whether they use it anymore I can't-. We never used it. Interviewer: Does that sound old fashioned to you? 911: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And he would be called her? 911: Boyfriend. Interviewer: And she would be his? 911: Girlfriend. Interviewer: Any old fashioned names for boyfriend or girlfriend? 911: Yeah well going along with that courting I would imagine but I don't know what it'd be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say he has been? 911: His little brother would say he'd been smooching. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} And when a girl stops letting the boys come over to see her. You'd say she? 911: Broke up. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And he asked her to marry 'em but she? 911: Turned 'em down. Interviewer: Any other ways of saying that? 911: {NS} Told 'em no. {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever hear threw 'em over or {X} Or gave 'em the sack or? 911: Gave 'em the gate? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 gave 'em the # sack. I've heard 'em one time or another yeah. jilted 'em. Interviewer: And you'd say they were engaged and all of the sudden she? {NS} 911: Broke it off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if she didn't turn him down you'd say they went ahead and got? 911: Married. Interviewer: Any joking ways of saying? 911: Hitched. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Hitched. Interviewer: Mm-kay {C:loud background noise} And the wedding the boy that stands up with the groom 911: Best man. Interviewer: What about the woman that stands up with the bride? {NS} 911: Mm. Maid of honor. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what else do you have? 911: Bride's maids. Interviewer: And a long time ago people in the community would get married other people would {NS} come by their house at night and make a lot of noise? Maybe beat on things or fire off riffles you'd call that a? 911: Yeah uh they call that a- Chivaree Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I think. {NS} I never used it. Interviewer: But what did you hear about it? Is it something you've read about? 911: I've read about it. Probably heard tell about it and read about it. Never used it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Is that chivaree Interviewer: Yeah that's that's one expression. Do you ever hear serenade or {D:belling}? 911: Oh serenade yeah but I never heard it in terms like that. Interviewer: What's a serenade mean around here? 911: {NS} Oh well you've got You've little group of musicians come outside the door or the window and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Sing or play guitar or something. Interviewer: Do they still do that around here? 911: Uh not not much I don't think. I serenade somebody. I think in the old days it had more meaning of {NW} the boyfriend would show up underneath the gal's window plays guitar and he'd sing songs to her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: He's serenading her. Oh now I think probably I don't know around here but possibly in Mexico or someplace you might have a group of musicians that would go around {NS} places like motels or something like hotels and serenade outside the window. Hoping you throw down a dollar or something you know? {NS} What do they call 'em ma- I don't know little group of two or three musicians in a group. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Strolling around. Playing music. {NW} Interviewer: How would you use the words up or down over? Talking about location. 911: Location? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Up down or over? Interviewer: Like if you went to Houston #1 you'd say? # 911: #2 I'm going # up to Houston. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Why would you #1 say? # 911: #2 {X} # Why would I say? Interviewer: Why would you say up? 911: Well I'm going up. I guess looking at a map I'm going up. Interviewer: North you mean? 911: Yeah. If I was going to Mexico City I'd say I'm going down to Mexico City. {NS} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 911: If I was going to go see the guy across the street I'd be going over there. {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What if you are going to {D:Loretta}? You'd? 911: I'd be going up. You going up just darn near every place from here. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: And say if there was trouble at a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the? 911: Whole bunch. Interviewer: Any other terms besides bunch? 911: They arrested the whole bunch. They arrested {NS} The whole gang. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about shooting match? #1 Do you ever hear # 911: #2 Yeah # arrested the whole shooting match {NS} {NS} Interviewer: And young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you call that a? 911: Dance. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of old fashioned dances or? 911: Uh I don't know if they're old fashioned or if they still do 'em anymore. They used to have sock hops. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 Or there's # still have those anymore or not. You take your shoes off and spend the night there in your socks. Or uh the sock hop used to have dances where the boys would invite the girls. I mean the girls would invite the boys. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 911: And a {NW} That's what you talking about isn't it? Different kinds of dances? {X} Proms and things like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Still have that I think. Other kinds of dances? {NS} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a hoedown or breakdown or? 911: Hoedown that's kicker stuff. Going back to your kicker. Square dancing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Yeah they used to do that quite a bit around here. I don't know if they still do or not. I never did. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {C:lots of background noise} Think children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four o'clock school? 911: School's out. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And after vacation children would ask when does school? 911: Start. Interviewer: And the child left home to go to school and didn't show up in school that day. You'd say she? 911: Played hooky or skipped. Interviewer: And you go to school to get? 911: An education. Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into the? 911: First grade. Interviewer: And after high school you go to? 911: College. Interviewer: You'd say years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at? 911: Desks. Interviewer: And each child has his own? 911: Desk. Interviewer: And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the? 911: Library. Interviewer: And to mail a package? 911: Post office. Interviewer: And you'd stay over night in a strange town at a? 911: Hotel. Interviewer: And you'd see a play or a movie? At a? 911: Theater. Interviewer: And if you have to have an operation you have to go into the? 911: Hospital. Interviewer: And the woman that look after you? 911: Nurse. Interviewer: And you catch a train at the? 911: Station. Interviewer: Or you could call that? 911: Depot. Interviewer: Or the rail? 911: Rail railroad station. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say um {NS:lots of background noise} he ran down the spring board and what? 911: Dove in. Interviewer: Mm-kay and several children have? 911: Several children have? Dived in. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And I was too scared to? 911: Dive in. Interviewer: And if you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a? 911: Belly-buster. Interviewer: And say a child puts her head down on the ground and rolls over you'd call that a? 911: Somersault. Interviewer: And you'd say he dove in and what across? 911: Swam across. Interviewer: And several children have? 911: Swum across. Interviewer: And children like to? 911: Swim. Interviewer: And if you can't swim and you get in the water you might? 911: Drown. Interviewer: And yesterday he? 911: Drowned. Interviewer: And when they pull 'em out he had already? 911: Drowned. {NS} Interviewer: And say if you have a piece of furniture that doesn't fit in exactly in the corner but you just have it sort of diagonally so there's some space between the back of the furniture and the corner. You'd say it was sitting? {NS} 911: You looking for a slang expression? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Cattywampus. Interviewer: Mm-kay. How do you use that term? {NS} 911: Hmm I don't use it very much. I know what you're talking about when you started telling me about the space between the Something that doesn't fit. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 911: #2 Really. # Something that you got somewhere that doesn't fit is cattywampus. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other term like that? {NS} 911: No I don't think so. Interviewer: And years ago before they had buses in town they used to have? Maybe it would run on a track and? 911: Oh a street car? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you tell the bus driver that this next corner is where I? 911: Want to get off. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say um in this county Brownsville is the? 911: County seat. Interviewer: And if you are a postmaster you'd be working for the federal? 911: government. Interviewer: And the police in town are supposed to maintain? 911: Law and order. {NS} Interviewer: And the fight between the North and the South. Was called the? 911: Civil war. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 911: Yeah um. War between the states. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you'd say I had a choice to think that at first I was going to do this but then I decided that I'd do that. What of this? {NS} 911: {X} Interviewer: I decided to do that in-? 911: Instead of this. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And before they had the electric chair murders were? 911: Hung. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say the man went out and? 911: Hung himself. Interviewer: And the biggest city in the country is in? 911: New York. {NW} Interviewer: Not New York. New York City is in? 911: New York state. Interviewer: And Baltimore is in? 911: Maryland. Interviewer: And Boston is in? 911: Massachusetts. {NW} Interviewer: And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called? 911: New England states. Interviewer: What are some of the states in the Southeast? 911: Southeast? Southeast. Interviewer: Or just in in this section of the country and then going? 911: Going that way from Texas? Louisiana Alabama Mississippi Tennessee Florida Georgia North and South Carolina. Interviewer: There's North? 911: South and North Carolina. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 911: #1 {NW:grunt} # Interviewer: #2 What # about the states above Tennessee? 911: Kentucky. Interviewer: And the biggest city there? 911: In Kentucky? {NS} Would it be Lexington? I don't know. Interviewer: There's another one. 911: Kentucky. Interviewer: Where they run the derby. 911: Yeah. Interviewer: It's lou- 911: Louisville. Interviewer: And Little Rock is the capital of? 911: Arkansas. Interviewer: And the state above Arkansas? {NS} {NW} 911: Oh, Texas. {NS} Interviewer: Starts with an M-. 911: Montana. Interviewer: Or Mis- 911: Missouri! Excuse me Montana. Missouri. Interviewer: What's the biggest city there? 911: St. Louis. Interviewer: And {NS} Tulsa is in? 911: Oklahoma. Interviewer: And the biggest city in Maryland? {NS} 911: Baltimore? Interviewer: And the capital of the United States? 911: Washington D.C. Interviewer: And the old sea port in South Carolina? 911: The old sea port in South Carolina? Interviewer: Are what are some the cities in South Carolina? 911: Is it Fort Sumter? Interviewer: Mm-kay. What else? 911: Charleston. Interviewer: And the big city in Illinois? 911: Chicago. Interviewer: And what are some of the cities in Alabama? 911: {NS} Alabama. Hmm. Selma is that in Alabama? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Selma. Something happened there. That's why I remember that. Uh. Alabama. Montgomery. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 911: Hmm. {NS} Interviewer: What about the the biggest city? The steal making city? 911: In Alabama? Interviewer: Starts with a B-. {NS} 911: That's in Mississippi? Interviewer: What's that? 911: Old Birmingham. Okay. Interviewer: What about the one on the gulf? 911: In Alabama? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I don't know. Interviewer: It starts with a M-. 911: With a M-. {NS} Interviewer: Do you hear of Mo-? 911: Mo- Mobile? Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} And Richmond is in? 911: Virginia. {NS} Interviewer: And the city after the mountains in North Carolina? {NS} 911: You got me. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 911: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Huh? 911: Raleigh Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever hear of Ash? Asheville or Asheville? 911: Mm. What about? Probably have but I don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Don't remember. Interviewer: You've never been up in that section there? 911: No. Interviewer: Some of the cities in Tennessee? 911: {NS} Tennessee. {NS} Tennessee. {NS} I've never been there. {NW} Tennessee. {NW} I can't think of one. {NS} I can't. I'm drawing a blank. Interviewer: What about where the um the Grand Ole Opry is? 911: Nashville okay. Interviewer: And Lookout Mountain? 911: Chattanooga. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And in East Tennessee? The mountain? It starts with a K-. Do you ever hear of Knox-? 911: Knoxville. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And where Martin Luther King was shot? 911: Was that in Tennessee? Interviewer: It was in West Tennessee in the Delta. 911: Mm. Interviewer: It starts with an M- 911: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of Mem-? 911: Oh! Memphis. Okay. Yeah you just. I'm just drawing a blank here. Interviewer: What about some of the cities um in Georgia? 911: In Georgia? Atlanta Savannah Macon. Uh. Interviewer: And the name of the person who supposed to have discovered America? 911: Columbus. Interviewer: And a big city in Southern Ohio? {NS} 911: Southern Ohio? Columbus Ohio. Interviewer: Another place. Do you watch baseball? It is where the Red S- 911: Oh. Cincinnati. {NS} Interviewer: And some of the cities in Louisiana? {NS} 911: Uh Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Houma. Interviewer: And? 911: {NW} Interviewer: You say Belfast is in what country? 911: Ireland. Interviewer: And Paris? 911: France. Interviewer: And Moscow? 911: Russia. {NS} Interviewer: And someone asks you to go with 'em some place and you're not sure you want to you'd say I don't know? 911: If I want to go or not. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you wanted someone to go with you you'd say well I won't go? 911: Unless you do. {NS} Interviewer: And new people become members of a church you say they? 911: Joined a church. Interviewer: And you go to church to pray to? 911: God. Interviewer: And a preacher preaches a? 911: Sermon. {NS} Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the? 911: Music. {NS} Interviewer: And the enemy of God is called the? 911: Devil. {NS} Interviewer: What other names for him? 911: Satan. Satan Lucifer. Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave? 911: The devil. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the boogerman? 911: Oh yeah well the #1 boogerman. # Interviewer: #2 sandman # 911: I don't think of the boogerman as the devil though. Interviewer: What do you think of? {NS} 911: Oh that's just some unknown bad person you want to stay away from. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What do people think they see around a graveyard at night? 911: Ghosts. {NS} Interviewer: And a house that people are scared to go in? 911: Haunted. Interviewer: Do you ever hear any stories of haunted houses around here? {NS} 911: Around here? I don't think so. Or there was one place what do they call that? House of blood. I don't know there's an old house but I don't remember about it I bet {B} told you about it though. Interviewer: I don't think so. Is it? It's supposed to be around here? {NS} 911: It's not anymore. I just heard a story one time and I don't remember even what. I don't even remember where it was or what was something supposed to happen. now it wasn't really a haunted deal it was something. {NS} Interviewer: Some murder? Or something. {NS} 911: Something like that. I don't remember any details. I remember just one time somebody {X} or somebody telling me about that house. House of blood or something. I don't know. Interviewer: {NS} 911: Sketch but I can't remember. {NS} Interviewer: You tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting? 911: Chilly. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say well I'll go with you if you really want me to. But I? 911: Rather not. Interviewer: And if you have not seen a good friend of yours in a long time what might you say when you saw 'em? You'd say I'm? 911: Sure glad to see you again. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever use the word proud? I'm proud to see you. 911: No. {NS} Interviewer: And if someone says something kinda shocking and you sort of resented them saying it you might say well the very? What of you saying that? The very? 911: Well the expression is the very idea. Isn't it? {NS} I don't think I well I wouldn't probably say that. But that's the expression I think, isn't it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} And you say it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was? {NS} 911: Pretty cold. Awful cold. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 911: Awful cold {X} Interviewer: Say if a person was doing some work like maybe hammering something and hit his thumb what might somebody say? What exclamation? 911: {NW} {NS} You don't want that on that tape do you? Interviewer: Just what what different exclamations would- would people around here probably use? 911: God damn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: That would probably be the first one to come out of me. {NS} Or holy smokes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 911: They just not gonna come out. I don't know anybody that come out with stuff like oh my word or anything like that. It come out pretty strong. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you say if you were kinda something surprised you. What exclamation? 911: Something surprised me? Probably the same thing as when I hit my hand with a hammer. Holy smokes probably. {NS} Interviewer: What about if you were kinda disgusted with yourself? You thought you'd done something stupid. What exclamations? 911: You want that on that tape? {NW} Interviewer: {D: it is what?} What would you hear around here? {NS} 911: Hmm. Oh shit probably. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 911: Or {NS} There again God damn it I guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask 'em then? {NW} 911: How you doing? Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about when you are introduced to a stranger? 911: I- I'm glad to meet you. Interviewer: And anything you'd ask 'em? 911: Oh standard stuff I guess. {NS} The str- what you'd ask #1 the stranger? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah do you # ever say how? 911: How do you do? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you say that much or? 911: No I usually say well happy to meet you or glad to meet you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Nice to know you. Interviewer: What would you say to someone around December twenty-fifth? 911: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: And on the first of January? 911: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Anything else people used to say? {NS} 911: Hmm. Interviewer: Do you ever hear Christmas gift? People say that to each other. 911: Mm-mm {C:negative} {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} you say I have to go downtown to do some? 911: Shopping. Interviewer: And say if you bought something and you say the store people took out a piece of paper and? 911: Wrapped it. Interviewer: And when I got home I? 911: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: And if you had to sell something for two dollars that you'd pay three dollars you'd be lessing it? 911: At a profit. Interviewer: Or no you bought it for three dollars. 911: Oh so at a loss. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you like something but don't have enough money you'd say its? What too much? 911: Costs too much. Interviewer: And on the first of the month your bill is? {NS} 911: The first of the month the bill is due. Interviewer: And if you belong to a club you have to pay your? 911: Dues. Interviewer: And if you don't have any money you could go to the bank and? 911: Borrow some. Interviewer: And you say in the thirties money was? 911: Tight. Interviewer: Or another wor-? 911: Scarce. Interviewer: And some places if you buy something will pay your bill. Some storekeepers will give you little presents and say that its And call that what? 911: They give you a present? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Maybe a little extra. 911: Hmm just a little I don't know. I know what your talking about. I don't know what they'd call it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of Lagniappe and pilon? 911: Pilon yeah. Interviewer: What is that? 911: Uh you go in the store you buy like for example let's say how much is that candy and they said two for a penny. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Give 'em a dime and they would give me ten of 'em. And he'd count 'em out and he'd throw one in and say here have one for pilon Just kinda it means kinda like extra or for just for nothing. Or something like that. {NS} Interviewer: And what does a baby do before its able to walk? 911: Crawl. Interviewer: And if you were tired you'd say I think I'll go over to the couch and? 911: Lie down. Interviewer: And you said he was really sick he couldn't even sit up. All morning he just? What in bed? {NS} 911: Lied in bed. Laid in bed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say she walked up to the alter and? What down? 911: Kneeled down. Interviewer: Hmm? 911: Kneel down. Interviewer: And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you? 911: Stomped your foot. Interviewer: And if you saw a friend of yours going someplace walking and you had your car you'd say can I? 911: Give you a ride. Interviewer: Or can I what you home? 911: Take you home. Interviewer: And to get something to come towards you you take hold of it and? 911: Pull it. Interviewer: And the other way would be? 911: Push it. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say it was so cold last night that the pipe? 911: Froze. Interviewer: And? 911: Broke busted. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say the pipe has already? 911: Busted. Interviewer: Because the water has? 911: Frozen. Interviewer: And {NW} if it gets very cold ice will? 911: Break. {NS} Interviewer: Will? 911: Bust. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Because the water will? 911: Freeze. Interviewer: And {NS} You'd say um all night long the wind? {NS} 911: Blew. Interviewer: Mm-kay and the wind has? 911: Blown. Interviewer: And the wind started to? 911: Blow. Interviewer: And the wind is from this direction you say it's? {NS} 911: From the North. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 911: What did I? Oh. Interviewer: Huh? 911: That's the East. Okay. Interviewer: When halfway between North and East you call {D:a}? 911: Northeast. Interviewer: And between North and West? 911: Northwest. Interviewer: And West and South? 911: Southwest. Interviewer: And East and South? 911: Southeast. Interviewer: And if the wind had been gentle and was gradually getting stronger you'd say it was? 911: Picking up. Interviewer: What about just the opposite? 911: Dying down. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you had a a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say you picked it up and? 911: Carried it home. Interviewer: Anything you'd say besides carried? 911: No don't think so. Interviewer: Do you ever say toted or lugged or {D:packed}? 911: No I might say lugged. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 911: #2 {X} # I've heard tote but I've never used it. Might say lugged. Interviewer: Does lugged give you the idea that something is very heavy or clumsy? 911: Well I'd say lugged. I would be more inclined to say lugged if it was a lot heavier say than a sack of groceries. Something really monstrous I'd say man I lugged this thing all the way home. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: With something small I'd just say carried it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And you tell a child now that stove is hot so? 911: Don't touch it. Interviewer: And if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go? 911: Bring me a hammer. Interviewer: And a game that children play where one child will be it and other children will hide? 911: Hide and go seek. Interviewer: What do they call the tree that you touch and be safe? 911: Base. Interviewer: And in football you run toward the? 911: Goal-line. Interviewer: And {NS} You'd say um you'd say that he wasn't really going to hit his little brother but he he showed 'em his fist and he what he was gonna hit 'em? 911: Acted like he was going to. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And say if we were planning to meet in town. I'd say well there's no need to hurry if I get there first I'll? 911: Wait for you. Interviewer: And if you were about to punish a child he might ask you not to punish him just give me one more? 911: Chance. Interviewer: And someone always catches onto a joke. You'd say he's got a good sense of? 911: Humor. Interviewer: And if you have say you've got termites you'd say well I'm sure the exterminating company will? Will get? 911: Get rid of 'em. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say {D:shed} of 'em? 911: Mm-hmm. I've heard it. Don't use it, but I've heard it. Interviewer: It's sort of a? 911: Hmm. I think it's I don't know if I'd still use it or not. I don't use it much around here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Maybe more another part of the country. Interviewer: Is that kinda like a {D: nerry}? {X} 911: Yeah probably so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {D: Nerry want to get shed of 'em} Interviewer: And say a child left her pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there. She'd say I bet somebody? 911: Took it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else you'd say? 911: Stole it. Interviewer: And if I ask you um. When are y'all going to Houston, you'd say well right now we're what to go next week? 911: Set to go. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever say you're aiming to go or fixing to go? 911: Mm. I usually just say fixing. {NS} I say that some. Interviewer: Does fixing mean in the future or does it mean sort of immediately? 911: I'd be more inclined to say if somebody asked you were to ask me when are you going to the such and such of place now I say I'm fixing to go right now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: {NS} Um. I don't think I'd particularly use it if I was going to tell you next month. I can't see myself saying I'm fixing to go next month. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: I might. It fits in alright. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say a child learned something new. You wanted to know where she learned it. You'd say who? 911: Taught you that. Interviewer: And You'd say I have just what him a letter? 911: Written him a letter. Interviewer: And yesterday he? 911: Wrote me a letter. Interviewer: And tomorrow? 911: Write him another letter. Interviewer: And you'd say I wrote 'em in turn I was getting a? 911: Letter. Reply. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you put the letter in the envelope and you take our your pen and you? 911: Address it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any old-fashioned way of saying that? 911: Post it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear back it? 911: Mm-mm {c:negative} Oh post it doesn't mean that. No. Interviewer: I was going to write him but I didn't know his? 911: Address. Interviewer: And a child is always running and telling on other children you call him a? 911: Tattle-tale. Interviewer: Would you use that word about a grown person? 911: Nowadays? Interviewer: Or did you ever hear it used by a grown person? 911: I don't think so. Usually kids. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: He's a tattle-tale. No, usually kids. Interviewer: Do you ever hear the word pimp used to mean tattle-tale? 911: No. Interviewer: Do you hear it in connection with prostitution or? 911: Well yeah. Interviewer: Any other meaning? {NS} 911: Mm no. Tell you an expression about that but you better not put it on that tape. {NW} Interviewer: What's that? 911: {NS} What they say about {NS} two guys that will never make it in life. {NS} is a nervous gambler and a jealous pimp. {NS} {NW} You better take that off that tape {NS} Interviewer: {C: starts speaking but can't hear over coughing} {NW} brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot things growing out in your yard. You'd go out and? {NS} 911: I don't I didn't- run back through again. Interviewer: If you wanted to brighten up your room. You had a lot 911: Oh. Pick some flowers. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something there's something bad you expected to happen. {NS} Like you'd been telling everyone it's gonna happen. Like someone is walking along a top of a fence and you expect 'em to fall off. And someone comes in and tells you he's fallen off. You'd say I just? 911: Knew that was gonna happen. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something that a child plays with, you'd call a? 911: Toy. Interviewer: Any other name? {NS} 911: I wouldn't. I would call it a toy. Interviewer: Do you ever hear play-pretty? {NS} 911: Play-pretty. Mm I think so. Seems to me I've heard it. I don't remember exactly by whom or meaning what. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You wouldn't use it yourself? 911: Mm-mm {C:negative} {NS} Interviewer: Say um. You get someone a bracelet and you want to see how it looks on 'em. You'd say um why don't you? 911: Try it on. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or? 911: Put it on. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And you'd say you can't get through there cuz the highway department took their machines in. The road is all? {NS} 911: Torn up. Interviewer: And {NS} You'd say we had to get up and start work before? {NS} 911: Daylight. Interviewer: Or? Another way of 911: #1 saying that? # Interviewer: #2 Break huh? # Before sun? 911: Sun up. Interviewer: And we worked until? 911: Dark. Interviewer: Or until su-? 911: Dusk. Sun down. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say this morning I saw the sun? 911: Rise. Interviewer: And at six o'clock this morning the sun? 911: Six o'clock this morning? Interviewer: Well seven o'clock maybe? The sun? 911: Don't know. Sun- Ro- ro- rose. Okay I thought you were looking for sunset. Sun rose. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And you'd say when I got outside the sun had already? 911: Set. Interviewer: Or? 911: Risen. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Risen. Interviewer: And if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a? 911: Freeze. Interviewer: {NS} What if it's not as hard as that? 911: Frost. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say {NS} it was so cold last nigh that the lake? {NS} 911: Froze. Interviewer: What if it just froze just around the edges just a thin ice. What would you say then? {C:background noise at end} {NS} 911: I don't know. I've never been around a lake that did that. I really don't. I don't know what you'd say. Around the edges. {NS} Interviewer: How cold does it get here in the Winter? 911: Huh. We get half a dozen days maybe ten days where it gets down to thirty-two or thirty. Stays in the forties most of the time. {NS} Interviewer: Say if um {NS} if I ask you how long your your family has lived in Brownsville. You'd say we've what lived here? We've? 911: Always. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And you'd say he moved here in nineteen sixty and he's lived here 911: #1 ever # Interviewer: #2 ever? # 911: since. {NS} Interviewer: And you say that wasn't an accident. He did that? {NS} 911: On purpose. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say she what him with a big knife? 911: Stabbed him. Interviewer: And say a teacher goes into a classroom and sees a a picture on the blackboard. She'd ask who? {NS} 911: Drew this. {NS} Interviewer: And if wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up to a roof you could use pulley blocks and a rope to? {NS} 911: To lift it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Or in other words? 911: Raise it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever say hoist it or hoist {C: pronunciation} it? 911: Mm hoist maybe. {NS} Interviewer: You wouldn't use that much though? {NS} 911: No. I don't think so. {NS} Interviewer: And talking about how tall rooms are. You'd say this room is about? {NS} 911: Eight feet tall? {NS} Interviewer: And do you ever hear an old fashioned name for living room? {NS} 911: Parlor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you think of a parlor? {X} 911: {D:Stuff} in a room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Did you ever live in a house that had a parlor? 911: Mm-mm {c:negative} {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say um today is is Tuesday so Monday was? 911: Yesterday. Interviewer: And Wednesday is? 911: Tomorrow. Interviewer: And someone came here on a Sunday Not last Sunday but a week earlier than that. You'd say he came here? 911: Sunday before last. Interviewer: And if he was gonna leave not this Sunday but a week beyond that it would be? {NS} 911: A week from Sunday. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do you ever hear people say Sunday week? 911: Mm-hmm Yeah I've said it before at times. Sunday week. Interviewer: That mean in the future? 911: Yeah. Interviewer: And {NS} someone stays from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about? 911: Two weeks. {NS} Interviewer: Any other name for that? 911: No. The old days I imagine they said a fortnight. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: I don't. {NS} Interviewer: And if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody? {NS} 911: What time is it? Interviewer: And you could look at your? 911: Watch. Interviewer: And if it was midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock? You'd say that it was? {NS} 911: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Or another way of saying that? 911: Half past seven. Interviewer: And just fifteen minutes later than that? You'd say that it was? 911: Seven forty-five? Interviewer: Or? 911: Quarter till eight. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say? {NS} Nineteen seventy-three was last year, nineteen seventy-four is? 911: This year. Interviewer: And if you have been doing something for a long time. You'd say I've been doing that for quite a? 911: While. Interviewer: And a child has just had his third birthday. You'd say that he's? 911: Three years old. Interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year. You'd say it happened exactly? 911: One year ago. Interviewer: And now if you could start counting slowly. {NS} 911: From one? Interviewer: Yeah. 911: One. {NS} Two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say the number after nineteen? 911: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six? 911: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And twenty-nine? 911: Thirty. Interviewer: Thirty-nine? 911: Forty. Interviewer: Sixty-nine? 911: Seventy. Interviewer: Ninety-nine? 911: A hundred. Interviewer: Nine hundred ninety-nine? 911: Thousand. Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand? 911: A million. Interviewer: And if there are some people standing in line? {NS} There's eleven people that, the man the last man, is the eleventh man. The man at the head of the line is the? 911: First. Interviewer: And behind him is the? 911: Second. Interviewer: And keep going. 911: Third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say sometimes you feel that you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all? 911: At once. Interviewer: {NS} And {NS} you'd say if you got twenty bushels to acre last year this year you got forty. You'd say this year's crop was exactly? 911: Twice as good. {NS} Interviewer: And would you name the months of the year? {NS} 911: January February March April May June July August {NS} September October November December. Interviewer: And the days of the week? {NS} 911: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Su- yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Is there another name for Saturday or Sunday? {NS} 911: Weekend. {NS} Interviewer: What about the name sabbath? Do you ever? 911: I never use it. {NS} I've heard it but I've never used it. For Sunday? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: I never used it. Interviewer: Who who uses it? 911: I don't know anybody that does. {NS} Interviewer: And you meet someone during the early part of the day. What do you say as a greeting? 911: Good morning. Interviewer: How long does morning last? {NS} 911: Mm twelve noon. {NS} Interviewer: And then you have? 911: Good afternoon. Interviewer: And how long does the afternoon last? {NS} 911: About six o'clock. Interviewer: And then you have? 911: Good evening. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And if you were meeting someone at around eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything as you were leaving? 911: See you later. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Would you use the expression good day? 911: I don't think so. I heard it but I never used it. Interviewer: What about if you were leaving someone's house after dark? {NS} 911: Good night. {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} to find out the weather you look up at the sky and say I don't like the look of those black? 911: Clouds. Interviewer: And on a day where the sun is shinning and you don't see any clouds? You call that a? 911: Clear day. Interviewer: What about a just the opposite kind of day? 911: Gloomy day. Interviewer: Huh? 911: Cloudy day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you think it's going to rain in a little while You'd say the weather was? {NS} 911: Mm building up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever say it's changing or 911: #1 Oh I'd # Interviewer: #2 gathering # 911: say changing yeah. Weather is changing. Interviewer: What do you mean changing? 911: Well like you said there from sunny to overcast cloudy. Interviewer: What if it had been cloudy and the clouds pull away? You'd say it's finally going to? 911: Clear up. {NS} Interviewer: And {NS} if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you say your having a? 911: Drought. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And a whole lot of wa- rain that is just suddenly comes down? 911: Downpour. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 911: Cloud burst. Interviewer: What if there is thunder and lightening in it? 911: Mm. Thunderstorm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if it is not as heavy as a cloud burst or you'd call it a? 911: Sprinkle. Interviewer: What else? {NS} 911: Mm. {NS} I don't know. Interviewer: You'd say this morning we had a little? 911: Rain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 911: Shower. Interviewer: What's the different between a shower and a sprinkle? 911: Oh a shower is a little heavier maybe. Sprinkle to me is just drops. Interviewer: What about something that lasts a long time? {NS} 911: Mm. {NS} Long. {NW} Um. That lasts a long time? Interviewer: Do you ever use the term drizzle? 911: Mm around here we usually use yeah I use drizzle some or mist. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the difference? 911: Well around here we get this little fine stuff Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 911: Not enough to wet anything just mess everything up. Just kind of hanging in the air. We usually call it well I'd call it mist. It's misting. Interviewer: What is a drizzle like? 911: Little heavier. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you get up in the morning and you can't see across the road. You call that a? {NS} 911: A rain? Interviewer: Or not a rain but just 911: Fog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a day like that you call a? 911: Foggy day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS}